bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supplier Selection by AHP in KMC Pharmaceutical: Use of GMIBM Method for Inconsistency Adjustment
Authors: Yadav Amit , Bhandari Gokul , Ergu Daji , Mohsin Ali , Anis Maria
Published: August 2015

The supplier selection problem is one of the most important constituent for managers. There are some influential criteria in the selection of supplier and in this paper selection of supplier includes quality, cost, service, risk management and supplier profile. However, it is frequently impossible to find a best supplier in all areas. In addition, lack of proper selection and evaluation of excels supplier can affect long term survival of firms. The contribution of this paper is in threefold. First, a geometric mean induced bias matrix (GMIBM), is used to quickly identify the most inconsistent data in the judgment matrix. This helps to preserves most of the original information in matrix, but also faster than existing models. Secondly, it solves the supplier selection process problem in a Kathmandu Medical College (KMC) pharmaceutical firm using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model. AHP is a decision making method and considered a reliable model for supplier evaluation problem in KMC. At last, Development of Supplier Selection Process (SSP) shows the whole steps followed for supplier selection.
Consumer, Investor, and Combined Reactions Following Product-Harm Crises
Authors: Evans, Jr. Robert D.
Published: August 2015

Using a series of Toyota automotive recalls as the context, this study examines reactions by consumers, investors, and reports on a combined measure to capture the overall effect of the recalls on the firm. Following the recalls, consumer sales returned to pre-recall levels quickly, however, investors immediately punished the firm with negative abnormal returns of between -14.16 and -16.04% over the longest event windows examined. A combined measure designed to capture consumer and investor reaction shows that the overall brand value of Toyota declined by 16% in the year following the announcement of the product-harm crises. Investor and consumer reaction was different following the recalls. Managerial implications are discussed.
Human therapeutic cloning, pitfalls and lack luster because of rapid developments in induced pluripotent stem cell technology
Authors: Hua Song , Chung Henry , Sidhu Kuldip
Published: August 2015

Background: Therapeutic cloning is the combination of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and embryonic stem cell (ES) techniques to create specific ES cells that match those of a patient. Because ES cells derived by nuclear transfer (SCNT ES cells) are genetically identical to the donor, it will not generate rejection by the host’s immune system and thus therapeutically may be more acceptable. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) are a type of pluripotent stem cell artificially derived from an adult somatic cell by inducing a forced expression of a set of specific pluripotent genes. In the past few years, rapid progress in reprogramming and iPS technology has been made, and it seems to shadow any progress made in SCNT programs.

Objective: This review compares the application perspective of SCNT with that of iPS in regenerative medicine.

Methods:We conducted a literature search using the MEDLINE (PubMed), Wiley InterScience, Springer, EBSCO, and Annual Reviews databases using the keywords “iPS”, “ES”, “SCNT” “induced pluripotent stem cells”, “embryonic stem cells”, “therapeutic cloning”, “regenerative medicine”, and “somatic cell nuclear transfer”. Only articles published in English were included in this review.

Results: These two methods both have advantages and disadvantages. Nevertheless, by using SCNT to generate patient-specific cell lines, it eliminates complications by avoiding the use of viral vectors during iPS generation. Success in in vitro matured eggs from aged women and even differentiation of oocytes from germ stem cells will further enhance the application of SCNT in regenerative medicine.

Conclusion: Human SCNT may be an appropriate mean of generating patient stem cell lines for clinical therapy in the near future.
Acquired factor VII deficiency associated with synovial sarcoma
Authors: Chindaprasirt Jarin , Wanitpongpun Chinadol , Ungareewittaya Piti
Published: August 2015

Background: Acquired factor VII (FVII) deficiency mostly results from liver disease or vitamin K antagonists. Isolated acquired FVII deficiency is a rare event, and only a few cases have been reported. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of synovial sarcoma associated with FVII deficiency.

Objective: To describe our findings in a 20-year-old man, who presented with hemoptysis, weight loss, and later developed a suprascapular mass.

Methods: A review of the medical record of the patient plus a comparison with the literature was conducted.

Results: A biopsy from a suprascapular mass was made and the histopathological diagnosis of the tumor was confirmed as synovial sarcoma. Initial studies indicated a normal activated partial thromboplastin time and a prolonged prothrombin time. The FVII level was 31%. No evidence of a FVII inhibitor or inactivator was demonstrated. Prothrombin time normalized during tumor regression and FVII level was elevated to 103%.

Conclusion: Clinicians should be alert to the possible association of acquired FVII deficiency in cancer patients.
Damage control surgery in blunt cardiac injury
Authors: Prichayudh Supparerk , Kritayakirana Kritaya , Samorn Pasurachate , Pak-art Rattaplee , Sriussadaporn Sukanya , Sriussadaporn Suvit , Kiatpadungkul Wilaiporn , Thatsakorn Kanthachat , Viratanapanu Ithiphon
Published: August 2015

Background: Blunt cardiac injury (BCI) is a rare, but life threatening injury. The treatment of BCI is surgical repair. However, in a BCI patient with hypothermia, acidosis, and coagulopathy, an attempt to control the bleeding completely by surgery alone may not be successful. Damage control principles should be used in this situation.

Objective: To study a BCI patient who underwent a successful operation using damage control principles.

Methods: We reviewed and analyzed the patient’s chart, operative notes and follow up visit records. Review of the literature regarding the issue was also conducted.

Results: We report the case of a patient with BCI who developed hypothermia and coagulopathy during surgery. Abbreviated surgical repair was performed with a right pleuropericardial window created to avoid blood accumulation in the pericardial sac. Subsequent aggressive resuscitation was performed in the intensive care unit. We accepted ongoing bleeding through the right chest tubes while correction of hypothermia and coagulopathy was undertaken. The bleeding was gradually stopped once the patient’s physiology was restored. Although the patient developed a retained right hemothorax requiring subsequent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery on the third postoperative week, he recovered uneventfully and was discharged on postoperative day 36.

Conclusion: In patients with BCI who develop coagulopathy during surgery, terminating the operation quickly and creating a pleuropericardial window is a possible bailout solution because this can prevent postoperative cardiac tamponade without leaving the chest open. Continue bleeding from the chest tubes is acceptable provided that adequate resuscitation to correct coagulopathy is underway.
Antimicrobial agents and Burkholderia pseudomallei: perspectives from Thailand
Authors: Panomket Pawana
Published: August 2015

Background: Burkholderia pseudomallei are the causative agent of melioidosis, a potentially life-threatening disease in humans and animals. It is a common public health threat in parts of Thailand.

Objective: To summarizes the current knowledge regarding antimicrobial agents and B. pseudomallei.

Methods: A literature search using MEDLINE (PubMed), SCOPUS, and OVID/LWWW databases.

Results: B. pseudomallei are intrinsically resistant to a wide range of antimicrobial agents including β-lactam antibiotics, aminoglycosides, and macrolides. Antimicrobial therapy for melioidosis is divided into an acute phase and an eradication phase. The current recommendations for the acute phase are parenteral antimicrobial agents for ≥10 days using ceftazidime or a carbapenem. The eradication phase involves oral antimicrobial agents for ≥180 days using trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid may be used as an alternative. Ceftazidime revealed rare primary resistance and a high relapse rate.

Conclusion: Patients with acute melioidosis usually need intensive care and appropriate antibiotics for the acute and eradication phases. Ceftazidime is remains an effective agent in Thailand. A trend for decreasing susceptibility to antibiotics requires monitoring.
A novel approach to ultrasound-guided percutaneous native renal biopsy: a better tissue sampling technique
Authors: Chancharoenthana Wiwat , Kanjanabuch Talerngsak , Kittikowit Wipawee , Srisawat Nattachai , Tiranathanagula Khajohn , Praditpornsilpa Kearkiat , Tungsanga Kriang , Eiam-Ong Somchai
Published: August 2015

Background: Percutaneous renal biopsy (PRB) is an essential tool in diagnosis and management of various renal diseases. Conventional ultrasound-guided free-hand approaches to the lower pole of the kidney for PRB yield marginal tissue adequacy and causes a certain incidence of bleeding complications.

Objective: To describe a novel ultrasound-guided approach to the middle part of the kidney for PRB to obtain better tissue sampling.

Patients and methods: The plane angle between the renal biopsy needle and the skin was set at 30° for patients in the novel middle part approach group (n = 15) and 45° for patients in the conventional lower pole approach group (n = 15).

Results: The perpendicular distance between the needle tip and renal capsule in the middle part approach was significantly shorter than the lower pole approach group (0.92 ± 0.6 vs. 1.49 ± 0.4 cm, p = 0.005). The middle part approach to PRB yielded a significantly higher number of glomeruli (22.8 ± 7.2 vs. 15.3 ± 4.1, p = 0.002) and arcuate arteries (0.9 ± 0.6 vs. 0.5 ± 0.1, p = 0.02). The bleeding complications in the middle part approach seemed to be less than in the lower pole approach technique. Pain scores between the two methods as assessed using a visual analog scale were not different.

Conclusion: This novel approach to the middle part of the kidney for PRB provides comparable patient satisfaction and a superior adequacy of renal tissue when compared with the conventional lower pole approach with its consequent lower post biopsy bleeding complications. Larger studies to confirm this finding are warranted.
Mini review article. Human herpesvirus-6 and the etiology of multiple sclerosis: a literature review
Authors: Hon Gloudina M. , Erasmus Rajiv T. , Matsha Tandi E.
Published: August 2015

Background: There is no consensus in the literature on the role of human herpes virus-6 (HHV-6) in multiple sclerosis (MS) onset or progression.

Objective: We evaluated a possible role for HHV-6 in MS onset and progression.

Methods: We conducted a literature search of PubMed and Google scholar with the following search terms: (“multiple sclerosis” OR “MS”) and (“Human Herpes Virus-6” OR “HHV-6”).

Results: A total 21 publications were retrieved, of which 19 case-control studies were included. A further 25 articles were retrieved for background information.

Conclusion: There was insufficient evidence to support a role of HHV-6 in MS onset and progression.
Brief communication (Original). Correlation of glycated albumin with self blood glucose monitoring in diabetic patients on hemodialysis taking erythropoietin
Authors: Bador Khalidah M. , Kamaruddin Sharifah K.A. , Yazid Norita T.
Published: August 2015

Background: Serum glycated albumin (GA) is a marker of glycemic control in diabetic renal patients, but studies were limited by the use of few random glucose values to define glycemic control.

Objectives: To determine whether GA correlated with self blood glucose monitoring is better than HbA1c in hemodialyzed diabetic patients taking erythropoietin.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of diabetic patients on hemodialysis with and without erythropoietin. GA was measured by ELISA and HbA1c by ion-exchange HPLC. GA was reported as the GA/albumin ratio where albumin was measured using bromocresol green. The average capillary blood glucose level over the preceding three months (CBG) was calculated from self-reported daily prebreakfast, prelunch, and prebed glucose meter readings.

Results: Thirty-four patients were recruited; 18 were taking erythropoietin (6000 units per week) and 16 had never received erythropoietin. HbA1c correlated poorly with CBG in patients taking erythropoietin (r = -0.014, P = 0.96) compared with patients without erythropoietin (r = 0.579, P = 0.02). The correlation of GA/albumin ratio with CBG in the erythropoietin group (r = 0.612, P = 0.007) was similar to the nonerythropoietin group (r = 0.854, P < 0.001). The slope for HbA1c versus CBG was 2.8-fold greater in patients without erythropoietin compared with those taking erythropoietin. There was no significant difference in the slopes for GA/albumin ratio versus CBG between the two patient groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion: In diabetic patients on hemodialysis and taking low doses of erythropoietin, GA/albumin is a better marker of glycemic control than HbA1c.
Brief communication (Original). Correlation between liver signal intensity in hepatobiliary phase of Gd-EOB-DTPA enhancement and liver function reserves
Authors: Tanpowpong Natthaporn , Phewplung Teerasak
Published: August 2015

Background: Gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) is a developed agent with preferential uptake by hepatocytes. A rapid and specific hepatocyte uptake with biliary excretion was observed of approximately 50% of the injected dose. The amount of contrast uptake is thought to be related to reserve liver function.

Objectives: To evaluate correlation between liver signal intensity in the hepatobiliary phase of Gd-EOB-DTPA and reserved liver function by using the model score for end-stage liver disease (MELD).

Methods:All patients who underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with Gd-EOB-DTPA were retrospectively collected. The patients with serum creatinine level higher than 1.5 mg/dL or patients without available data to estimate MELD score were excluded. Thirty-six patients were enrolled. A signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the liver parenchyma on a fat-suppressed three dimensional fast spoiled-gradient recalled echo sequence images before and 20 minutes after contrast injection were measured and calculated on PACS by two radiologists. The MELD score was determined and interobserver reliability was estimated.

Results: Among 36 patients, we found a negative relationship between the percentage enhancement and the MELD score (P < 0.01, r = 0.545). The SNR at 20 minutes after Gd-EOB-DTPA injection also had a negative relationship with the MELD score with statistical significance (P < 0.01, r = 0.460). Interobserver reliability was 0.675.

Conclusion: The percentage enhancement in hepatobiliary phase of Gd-EOB-DTPA can predict reserved liver function.
Clinical report. Primary granulocytic sarcoma: a rare presentation of an ovarian mass
Authors: Chamnanchanunt Supat , Nakhakes Chajchawan , Thungthong Pravinwan , Suwanban Tawatchai , Iam-arunthai Kunapa , Sukgasi Napat , Sutherat Maleerat
Published: August 2015

Background: Primary granulocytic sarcoma (GS) only rarely presents with an ovarian mass classified as extramedullary myeloid progenitor tumor cells. Few patients with cases of primary GS survive after systemic chemotherapy.

Objective: To present a case of primary GS treated with complete course of chemotherapy. The patient is currently in complete remission.

Methods: Retrospective review of medical records and comparison with previous case reports.

Results: A 41-year-old woman presented with an ovarian mass of 6 months duration. There was no previous history of hematologic disease or presence of leukemic cells in other organs at the time of diagnosis. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis. She received complete course of chemotherapy, after which complete remission was achieved.

Conclusion: A case of primary granulocytic sarcoma of the ovary was successfully treated with chemotherapy. This disease needs careful diagnosis and appropriate treatment for a good outcome.
Notes on the distribution of lichen biota of Podlasie. III. Nowosady village, Podlaskie province (north-eastern Poland)
Authors: Kiercul Sylwia
Published: August 2015

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the biodiversity of lichen species in Nowosady village and surrounding areas. This work was conducted in 2014 (in August) and biodiversity of lichen species growing on tree bark and bushes, on dead wood (anthropogenic origin), glacial erratics, concrete, mortared walls and other specific substrates like eternit roof slates has been assessed. The lichen species represented morphologically diverse forms: crustose (38%), foliose (38%), fruticose (13%), dimorphous (5%), placodial (3%) and squamulose (3%). They belonged to different ecological types including epiphytes (27 species), epixyles (18) and epilithes (12). Out of 39 species identified in Nowosady village, five are included in the Polish red list of lichens: Bryoria fuscescens, Evernia prunastri, Hypogymnia tubulosa, Ramalina farinacea and Ramalina fraxinea. Four taxons from the study area are under statutory protection of species. One species, Ramalina fraxinea is under full protection and 3 species (Bryoria fuscescens, Evernia prunastri and Hypogymnia tubulosa) are under partial protection.
Micromycetes on ericaceous plant leaves
Authors: Kowalik Maria , Bonio Joanna , Duda-Franiak Klaudia
Published: August 2015

A two-year study was carried out on the ericaceous plant collection of the Botanic Garden of the Jagiellonian University in Cracow and the Rogów Arboretum of the Warsaw University of Life Sciences on the following plants: wild rosemary Ledum palustre L., leatherleaf Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench and American cranberry Oxycoccus macrocarpus (Ait.) Pursh. Diverse micromycetes species composition was specified on the leaves of tested ericaceous plants. The perpetrators of dying leaves were recognized, among which the dominant role was played by the necrotroph Pestalotiopsis sydowiana. Quantitative and qualitative comparative analyses of micromycetes in both locations were carried out, showing a comparable degree of plant colonization by these fungi in the botanic garden and arboretum. The study may be helpful in explaining the causes of dieback of protected and endangered plants in Polish flora.
New records of rare lichenicolous and lichen-forming fungi from volcanic rocks in SW Poland
Authors: Szczepańska Katarzyna
Published: August 2015

Records of two lichenicolous and nine lichen-forming fungi found in the southwestern part of Poland are presented. All of the reported species are very rare and they have only a few scattered localities in the country. One of them, Lecanora pannonica, is reported for the second time from Poland. Additionally, the new, contemporary records of Cercidospora macrospora, Rhizocarpon disporum, R. viridiatrum and Stereocaulon pileatum in Lower Silesia were noted. These species were known only from historical collections in the study area. Furthermore, Lecidea fuscoatra has been found a new host for Sagediopsis barbara. All of the localities of recorded species were found on natural outcrops of basalt rocks.
Mycological and palynological studies of early medieval cultural layers from strongholds in Pszczew and Santok (western Poland)
Authors: Mazurkiewicz-Zapałowicz Kinga , Okuniewska-Nowaczyk Iwona
Published: August 2015

Cultural layers from early medieval strongholds in Pszczew and Santok have been examined for the presence of pollen grains and spores as well as residues of fungi. The presence of the following remains has been recorded: fossil hyphopodia of Gaeumannomyces, teliospores of Puccinia, spores of Bipolaris, Thecaphora and Tilletia, teliospores of the genus Urocystis, Ustilago and Uromyces, ascocarps (perithecium) of the Ascomycota or the pycnidium of Sphaeropsidales. A greater diversity and abundance of fungi spores sensu lato was recorded in Santok, as compared to Pszczew. Both early medieval sites recorded a significant proportion of cereal pollen, including Secale cereale. It remains an undisputed fact that the grains and other plants collected in both strongholds were strongly infected with fungi. The analysis of the cultural layers for the presence of fungi remains provides significant data on the presence of certain species of plants and their growth conditions in natural environments and in agriculture.
Maria Lisiewska and Anna Bujakiewicz – on the occasion of their 80th and 75th birthdays and the 60th anniversary of creating Poznań Mycocoenological School
Authors: Ławrynowicz Maria
Published: August 2015

Birthday anniversaries of excellent mycologists professor Maria Lisiewska (born 2 January 1934) and professor Anna Bujakiewicz (born 1 February 1940) are an occasion for dedicating them the jubilee issue of Acta Mycologica. Both ladies are known as authors of remarkable papers on mycocoenology, chorology and taxonomy of fungi. Specially appreciated is their educational activity in the form of courses and seminars opened for people from the whole country. The entity of their work resulted with the creation of Poznań Mycocoenological School and was important for integration of Polish mycologists, which later contributed to establishing the Polish Mycological Society.
Indicação de punção lombar para diagnóstico da neurossífilis
Authors: Martins Filipe Augusto Gava , Souto Bernardino Geraldo Alves
Published: August 2015

A sífilis é um agravo infectocontagioso causado pelo Treponema pallidum, de transmissão predominantemente sexual, que afeta 12 milhões de pessoas por ano no mundo. Se não curada em suas fases iniciais, predispõe a complicações potencialmente graves. Uma dessas complicações é a neurossífilis, caracterizada pela invasão do sistema nervoso central pelo T. Pallidum em qualquer fase da história natural da infecção, cuja mortalidade ultrapassa 60%. Em pessoas com HIV, essa complicação pode ser mais frequente, surgir após um menor período de latência e ser mais agressiva.Na maioria das vezes, a neurossífilis é assintomática ou se apresenta por meio de manifestações clínicas pouco específicas que demandam alto índice de suspeição e propedêutica laboratorial invasiva. O diagnóstico é feito através de provas sorológicas ou de biologia molecular no líquor. A controvérsia é sobre a indicação desse diagnóstico e respectivo tratamento nos casos assintomáticos, principalmente em se tratando de pessoas que vivem com o HIV. Esta revisão narrativa da literatura concluiu que a punção lombar propedêutica da neurossífilis está indicada em pessoas que apresentam sororreagência ao VDRL, associado a uma ou mais das seguintes condições: manifestações neurológicas na esfera motora, sensitiva ou cognitiva; sintomatologia sifilítica ou VDRL maior que 1:8 pós-tratamento, descartada reinfecção; pessoas com HIV na presença de CD4 menor que 351 células/mm3 e VDRL maior ou igual a 1:32; e evidência de doença sifilítica terciária não neurológica em atividade (goma ou aortite). Feito o diagnóstico a partir desses critérios, o tratamento específico deverá ser administrado mesmo nos casos assintomáticos.
Anais do 40º COMUABC
Authors: Congresso Médico Universitário do ABC COMUABC
Published: August 2015

Não disponível
Entanglement entropy and differential entropy for massive flavors
Authors: Jones Peter A. R. , Taylor Marika
Published: August 2015

Abstract

In this paper we compute the holographic entanglement entropy for massive flavors in the D3-D7 system, for arbitrary mass and various entangling region geometries. We show that the universal terms in the entanglement entropy exactly match those computed in the dual theory using conformal perturbation theory. We derive holographically the universal terms in the entanglement entropy for a CFT perturbed by a relevant operator, up to second order in the coupling; our results are valid for any entangling region geometry. We present a new method for computing the entanglement entropy of any top-down brane probe system using Kaluza-Klein holography and illustrate our results with massive flavors at finite density. Finally we discuss the differential entropy for brane probe systems, emphasising that the differential entropy captures only the effective lower-dimensional Einstein metric rather than the ten-dimensional geometry.
Evaluating Progress in the Global Surgical Crisis: Contrasting Access to Emergency and Essential Surgery and Safe Anesthesia Around the World
Authors: Merchant Amina , Hendel Simon , Shockley Ross , Schlesinger Joseph , Vansell Hilary , McQueen Kelly
Published: August 2015

Introduction

Since 2007, observations reveal that low‐ and middle‐income countries (LICs and LMICs) experience similar surgical access and safety issues, though the etiology of these challenges varies by country. The collective voice of surveys completed to date has pushed the agenda for the inclusion of safe surgery and anesthesia within global health discussions. Comparison of four countries across the world shows similar basic progress as well as ongoing surgical and anesthesia needs in resource‐challenged countries. By studying these common needs, a comprehensive plan to provide infrastructure and personnel support can work in multiple austere settings.

Methods

A standardized survey tool published, designed, and developed initially by the Harvard Humanitarian Initiative and modified at Vanderbilt University was completed in Guatemala, Guyana, Laos, and Mozambique. The survey assessed eight key areas of essential surgical care: access to and availability of surgical services, access to human resources, essential infrastructure (including access to water, electricity, sanitation, blood products, and essential medicines including supplemental oxygen), surgical outcomes, operating room information and procedures, equipment, International Organization, and Non‐Government Organization provision of surgical care. These results were compared and contrasted to evaluate resource challenges and assets in each country.

Results

A total of 49 hospitals were surveyed in this comparison cohort. The results reveal common needs for emergency and essential surgery in each country, but some differences in human and capital resources exist. While minimal resources exist, all surgical sites provided running water, electricity, and oxygen—assets not seen in previous surveys as recent as 2011.

Conclusion

The most basic needs to provide essential surgery are now present in LICs and LMICs. Many more resources are needed to ensure access to safe surgery and anesthesia. The next steps to provide essential surgery must include common solutions for access to surgery and anesthesia, and an evaluation of patient safety in these endeavors through the perioperative mortality rate.
Klassifizierung von „variants of unknown significance“ (VUS) beim familiären Brust- und Eierstockkrebs
Authors: Hauke Jan , Engel Christoph , Wappenschmidt Barbara , Müller Clemens R. , Hahnen Eric
Published: August 2015

Die Anwendung von NGS-basierten Verfahren in der molekulargenetischen Diagnostik wird in den nächsten Jahren zur Identifikation einer Vielzahl von Varianten mit unklarer Signifikanz (VUS) führen, deren Relevanz für den untersuchten Phänotyp bestimmt werden muss. In der Diagnostik erblicher Tumorprädispositionserkrankungen wird die VUS-Klassifizierung insbesondere in non-BRCA1/2-Genen in den nächsten Jahren einen hohen Stellenwert einnehmen, eine Herausforderung, die jedoch insbesondere durch internationale wissenschaftliche Kooperationen bewältigt werden kann. Das Deutsche Konsortium Familiärer Brust- und Eierstockkrebs (GC-HBOC) verwendet zur Klassifikation dieser Varianten das international etablierte IARC 5-Klassen-System und kooperiert zur Bewertung seltener Varianten sowie Varianten in bislang weniger gut untersuchten Genen mit zahlreichen internationalen Konsortien und Forschungsgruppen. Vorhersageprogramme können im Kontext von Forschungsprojekten ein nützliches Werkzeug bei der Bewertung beispielsweise der großen Zahl von Varianten in NGS-basierten Untersuchungen sein. Im Rahmen der molekulargenetischen Diagnostik sollte die Klassifizierung der identifizierten Varianten jedoch nicht ausschließlich aufgrund der Vorhersageprogramme erfolgen.
Asymmetries in kinesin‐2 and cytoplasmic dynein contributions to melanosome transport
Authors: De Rossi María Cecilia , De Rossi María Emilia , Sued Mariela , Rodríguez Daniela , Bruno Luciana , Levi Valeria
Published: August 2015

The mechanisms involved in bidirectional transport along microtubules remain largely unknown. We explored the collective action of kinesin‐2 and dynein motors during transport of melanosomes inXenopus laevis melanophores. These motors are attached to organelles through accessory proteins establishing a complex molecular linker. We determined both the stiffness of this linker and the organelles speed and observed that these parameters depended on the organelle size and cargo direction. Our results suggest that melanosome transport is driven by two dissimilar teams: whereas dynein motors compete with kinesin‐2 affecting the properties of plus‐end directed organelles, kinesin‐2 does not seem to play a similar role during minus‐end transport.
Atlas of the Messier Objects
Authors: Stoyan Ronald , Binnewies Stefan , Friedrich Susanne
Published: August 2015

The 110 star clusters, nebulae and galaxies of Messier's catalog are among the most popular of all the deep sky objects and are beautiful targets for amateur observers of all abilities. This stunning new atlas presents a complete and lively account of all of the Messier objects. Details for each object given include a thoroughly-researched history of its discovery, historical observations and anecdotes, the latest scientific data detailing its astrophysical findings, and clear observational descriptions from naked eye through to large telescopes. In addition, this atlas has some of the world's finest color astrophotos, inverted and labelled photos pointing to hidden details and neighboring objects, as well as historical sketches alongside new deep sky drawings. Quite simply, this is the most far-reaching and beautiful reference on the Messier objects there has ever been, and one that no observer should be without!
The History of Greece
Authors: Curtius Ernst
Published: August 2015

The German archaeologist Ernst Curtius (1814–1896) published this seminal work in three volumes between 1857 and 1867. It quickly became a bestseller and was republished in numerous German editions. The work was translated into English by the eminent British historian Adolphus William Ward (1837–1924) who divided it into five volumes, published between 1868 and 1873. Volume 2 focuses on the themes of conflict and unity, with the second part of Book 2, and Book 3 which covers the Ionian revolt and the events that led to the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War. Curtius' History was a pioneering work of nineteenth-century classical scholarship. For many generations it provided an indispensable guide through the complex history of the ancient Greek world, and it continues to inspire researchers today.
Plague and Empire in the Early Modern Mediterranean World
Authors: Varlik Nükhet
Published: August 2015

This is the first systematic scholarly study of the Ottoman experience of plague during the Black Death pandemic and the centuries that followed. Using a wealth of archival and narrative sources, including medical treatises, hagiographies and travellers' accounts, as well as recent scientific research, Nükhet Varlik demonstrates how plague interacted with the environmental, social, and political structures of the Ottoman Empire from the late medieval through the early modern era. The book argues that the empire's growth transformed the epidemiological patterns of plague by bringing diverse ecological zones into interaction and by intensifying the mobilities of exchange among both human and non-human agents. Varlik maintains that persistent plagues elicited new forms of cultural imagination and expression, as well as a new body of knowledge about the disease. In turn, this new consciousness sharpened the Ottoman administrative response to the plague, while contributing to the makings of an early modern state.
Iran's Political Economy since the Revolution
Authors: Maloney Suzanne
Published: August 2015

Over three decades after the Iranian Revolution reconfigured the strategic landscape in the Middle East, scholars are still trying to decipher its aftereffects. Suzanne Maloney provides the first comprehensive overview of Iran's political economy since the 1979 revolution and offers detailed examinations of two aspects of the Iranian economy of direct interest to scholars and non-specialist readers of Iran: the energy sector and the role of sanctions. Based on the author's research as both a scholar and government advisor, the book also features interviews with American and Iranian government officials. Moving chronologically from the early years under Khomeini, through the economic deprivations of the 1980s during the Iran-Iraq war, through liberalization under Khatami to the present, Maloney offers fascinating insights into Iran's domestic politics and how economic policies have affected ideology, leadership priorities, and foreign relations.
The Distinctiveness of Religion in American Law
Authors: Brady Kathleen A.
Published: August 2015

In recent decades, religion's traditional distinctiveness under the First Amendment has been challenged by courts and scholars. As America grows more secular and as religious and nonreligious convictions are increasingly seen as interchangeable, many have questioned whether special treatment is still fair. In its recent decisions, the Supreme Court has made clear that religion will continue to be treated differently, but we lack a persuasive account of religion's uniqueness that can justify this difference. This book aims to develop such an account. Drawing on founding era thought illumined by theology, philosophy of religion, and comparative religion, it describes what is at stake in our tradition of religious freedom in a way that can be appreciated by the religious and nonreligious alike. From this account, it develops a new framework for religion clause decision making and explains the implications of this framework for current controversies regarding protections for religious conscience.
MRCS Revision Guide: Limbs and Spine
Authors: Kanani Mazyar , Sarraf Khaled M.
Published: August 2015

This new, up-to-date, concise revision guide for the MRCS Part B examination equips candidates with the essential knowledge and armamentarium required to tackle the exam. Written in a model question-and-answer format to aid the breakdown of information, candidates can practise some of the most common exam questions they can expect to face. Including subdivisions on applied surgical science and critical care, anatomy and surgical pathology, surgical skills and patient safety and a section on clinical examinations of the limbs and spine, this guide will increase candidates' confidence in both exam technique and key concepts. MRCS Revision Guide: Limbs and Spine is a concise, handy pocket book; a 'must have' quick reference guide for busy surgical trainees studying for the MRCS examination.
Innovations in Sustainability
Authors: Marcus Alfred A.
Published: August 2015

To what extent can competition between companies encourage innovations in sustainability that have the potential to solve some of the world's major challenges? Using a series of case studies, this book pits closely related competitors against each other to examine the progress in and obstacles to the evolution of sustainable innovations in energy efficiency, solar power, electric vehicles and hybrids, wind energy, healthy eating, and agricultural productivity. It delves into the efforts of Tesla Motors to bring about a revolution in personal transportation, and the challenges Toyota and General Motors (GM) confront in commercializing hybrids. It explores the movement to healthy food by cereal companies General Mills and Kellogg's, and depicts the battles between Whole Foods and Walmart for the world's palate. By examining the experiences that particular businesses have had with sustainable innovation, this insightful book reflects upon lessons learned and encourages readers to think carefully about the challenges that lie ahead.
Radio and the Gendered Soundscape
Authors: Ehrick Christine
Published: August 2015

This book is a history of women, radio, and the gendered constructions of voice and sound in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Montevideo, Uruguay. Through the stories of five women and one radio station, this study makes a substantial theoretical contribution to the study of gender, mass media, and political culture and expands our knowledge of these issues beyond the US and Western Europe. Included here is a study of the first all-women's radio station in the Western Hemisphere, an Argentine comedian known as 'Chaplin in Skirts', an author of titillating dramatic serials and, of course, Argentine First Lady 'Evita' Perón. Through the concept of the gendered soundscape, this study integrates sound studies and gender history in new ways, asking readers to consider both the female voice in history and the sonic dimensions of gender.
Between Interests and Law
Authors: Hale Thomas
Published: August 2015

We could not have a global economy without a system to resolve commercial disputes across borders, but the international regime that performs this key role bears little resemblance to other institutions underpinning the global economy. A hybrid of private arbitral institutions, international treaties, and domestic laws and courts, the regime for commercial dispute resolution shows that effective transborder institutions can take a variety of forms. This book offers the first comprehensive social scientific account of this surprisingly effective regime. It maps and explains its evolution since the Industrial Revolution, both at the global level and in the United States, Argentina, and China. The book shows how both political economy approaches and socio-legal theories have shaped institutional outcomes. While economic interests have been the chief determinants, legal processes have played a key role in shaping the form institutions take. The regime for commercial dispute resolution therefore remains between interests and law.
Hyderabad, British India, and the World
Authors: Beverley Eric Lewis
Published: August 2015

This examination of the formally autonomous state of Hyderabad in a global comparative framework challenges the idea of the dominant British Raj as the sole sovereign power in the late colonial period. Beverley argues that Hyderabad's position as a subordinate yet sovereign 'minor state' was not just a legal formality, but that in exercising the right to internal self-government and acting as a conduit for the regeneration of transnational Muslim intellectual and political networks, Hyderabad was indicative of the fragmentation of sovereignty between multiple political entities amidst Empires. By exploring connections with the Muslim world beyond South Asia, law and policy administration along frontiers with the colonial state and urban planning in expanding Hyderabad City, Beverley presents Hyderabad as a locus for experimentation in global and regional forms of political modernity. This book recasts the political geography of late imperialism and historicises Muslim political modernity in South Asia and beyond.
Muslim Belonging in Secular India
Authors: Sherman Taylor C.
Published: August 2015

Muslim Belonging in Secular India surveys the experience of some of India's most prominent Muslim communities in the early postcolonial period. Muslims who remained in India after the Partition of 1947 faced distrust and discrimination, and were consequently compelled to seek new ways of defining their relationship with fellow citizens of India and its governments. Using the forcible integration of the princely state of Hyderabad in 1948 as a case study, Taylor C. Sherman reveals the fragile and contested nature of Muslim belonging in the decade that followed independence. In this context, she demonstrates how Muslim claims to citizenship in Hyderabad contributed to intense debates over the nature of democracy and secularism in independent India. Drawing on detailed new archival research, Dr Sherman provides a thorough and compelling examination of the early governmental policies and popular strategies that have helped to shape the history of Muslims in India since 1947.
Soviet Internationalism after Stalin
Authors: Rupprecht Tobias
Published: August 2015

The Soviet Union is often presented as a largely isolated and idiosyncratic state. Soviet Internationalism after Stalin challenges this view by telling the story of Soviet and Latin American intellectuals, students, political figures and artists, and their encounters with the 'other' from the 1950s through the 1980s. In this first multi-archival study of Soviet relations with Latin America, Tobias Rupprecht reveals that, for people in the Second and Third Worlds, the Cold War meant not only confrontation with an ideological enemy, but also increased interconnectedness with distant world regions. He shows that the Soviet Union looked quite different from a southern rather than a western point of view and also charts the impact of the new internationalism on the Soviet Union itself in terms of popular perceptions of the USSR's place in the world and its political, scientific, intellectual and cultural reintegration into the global community.
Legal Normativity in the Resolution of Internal Armed Conflict
Authors: Kastner Philipp
Published: August 2015

With an estimated ninety-five percent of the world's armed conflicts occurring within individual states, resolution and prevention of internal conflicts represent a main driver of global peace. Peace negotiations stand outside the traditional formalism of lawmaking and represent a uniquely privileged moment to observe the rise or adjustment of the legal framework of a given state. Based in a socio-legal and pluralistic understanding of law, this book explores the normative dynamics of peace negotiations. It argues that the role of law in the peaceful resolution of internal armed conflicts has been greatly underestimated and that legal theory can and should contribute to a better comprehension of these processes. Including thematic case studies from Darfur, North-South Sudan, Uganda, Côte d'Ivoire, Colombia, Sri Lanka, Sierra Leone, Mozambique, Bosnia and Israel-Palestine, this volume will be of use to scholars, students and affiliates of international organizations and non-governmental organizations.
Ridge Functions
Authors: Pinkus Allan
Published: August 2015

Ridge functions are a rich class of simple multivariate functions which have found applications in a variety of areas. These include partial differential equations (where they are sometimes termed 'plane waves'), computerised tomography, projection pursuit in the analysis of large multivariate data sets, the MLP model in neural networks, Waring's problem over linear forms, and approximation theory. Ridge Functions is the first book devoted to studying them as entities in and of themselves. The author describes their central properties and provides a solid theoretical foundation for researchers working in areas such as approximation or data science. He also includes an extensive bibliography and discusses some of the unresolved questions that may set the course for future research in the field.
Baseline higher peritoneal transport had been associated with worse nutritional status of incident continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients in Southern China: a 1-year prospective study
Authors: Liu Yun , Huang Rong , Guo Qunying , Yang Qiongqiong , Yi Chunyan , Lin Jianxiong , Yu Xueqing , Yang Xiao
Published: August 2015

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between baseline peritoneal transport types and nutritional status in Chinese continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. In the present single-centre, prospective study, incident CAPD patients were included from 15 April 2010 to 31 December 2011 and were followed up for 12 months. According to the results of baseline peritoneal equilibration test, patients were divided into lower peritoneal transport group (lower transporters) and higher peritoneal transport group (higher transporters). Nutritional status was evaluated by both subjective global assessment (SGA) and protein–energy wasting (PEW) score. The body composition parameters were assessed by body impedance analysis. A total of 283 CAPD patients were included in the study, of which 171 (60·4 %) were males with a mean age of 47·0 (sd14·9) years. Compared with lower transporters (n92), higher transporters (n181) had lower levels of serum albumin (37·1 (sd4·3)v.39·6 (sd4·3) g/l,P< 0·001), serum pre-albumin (356 (sd99)v.384 (sd90) mg/l,P= 0·035), phase angle (6·15 (sd0·39)v.6·27 (sd0·47)°,P< 0·05) and higher rate of malnutrition defined by SGA (52·5v.25·0 %,P< 0·001) and PEW score (37·0v.14·1 %,P< 0·001) at 1-year of follow-up. Baseline higher peritoneal transport, analysed by multivariate binary logistic regressions, was independently associated with malnutrition (SGA mild to moderate and severe malnutrition: OR 3·43, 95 % CI 1·69, 6·96,P< 0·01; PEW: OR 2·40, 95 % CI 1·08, 5·31,P= 0·03). It was concluded that baseline higher peritoneal transport was independently associated with worse nutritional status of CAPD patients in Southern China.
Feeding ecology of the apron rayDiscopyge tschudii(Elasmobranchii, Narcinidae) in San Jorge Gulf, Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: Spath M. Cecilia , Delpiani Gabriela , Figueroa Daniel E.
Published: August 2015

The study of the feeding habits of elasmobranch populations should help to elucidate the ecological role of these fishes in the marine ecosystem. Feeding habits of the apron ray,Discopyge tschudiifrom San Jorge Gulf were investigated. An evaluation of whether the diet ofD. tschudiichanges with body size, seasons, maturity stage and sex was performed using a multiple-hypothesis modelling approach.Discopyge tschudiipreyed mainly on polychaetes. The consumption of polychaetes was higher in males. Also, amphipods and siphons of clams were preyed more heavily in the cold season andMunida gregariain the warm season. Stomatopods were consumed more with increasing body size. All prey categories were independent of maturity stage. We concluded thatD. tschudiiis a benthic feeder.
Famine and the female mortality advantage: sex, gender and mortality in northwest England, c. 1590–1630
Authors: HEALEY JONATHAN
Published: August 2015

Studies of modern famines have found disproportionately high mortality amongst adult men. The most commonly suggested root of this ‘female mortality advantage’ is biological, and it seems to be strongest when starvation is the main cause of death. The present study is the first to investigate the phenomenon in an early-modern society. Looking at the famines of 1597 and 1623 in northwest England, it finds some evidence for a female mortality advantage in 1623, but that this was concentrated in the first 12 months of the crisis (after the 1622 harvest). The female advantage was also much greater in north Lancashire and Westmorland than it was in the wealthier western Lancashire plain. Together this supports the idea that there was actual starvation during the 1623 crisis, at least in these areas at these times. There are, however, some reasons to suppose that the most mortal phase of the crisis, around the winter of 1623–1624, took place at a time when food was becoming more widely available, and hence should be attributed to diseases that followed the famine.