bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unilateral Coronal Craniosynostosis in an Apert-Like Patient
Authors: Pourtaheri Navid , Wang Derek Z. , Lesko Robert P. , Bonfield Christopher M. , Taub Peter , Kumar Anand R.
Published: October 2018

Background and Significance:

Apert syndrome is a congenital disorder of patients who typically present with bilateral coronal craniosynostosis and varying degrees of complex syndactyly of the hands and feet, among other features. We describe a unique presentation of a rare Apert-like patient with unilateral coronal craniosynostosis and complex syndactyly of the hands and feet.

Case Report:

A 2-year-old male patient presented to the craniofacial clinic with his mother due to a concerning head shape. The patient also had bilateral syndactyly of the hands and feet and underwent prior surgical release of the third web space. Computerized tomography of the head illustrated a small open anterior fontanelle, a left harlequin orbit, complete left coronal craniosynostosis, and a patent right coronal suture. The patient subsequently underwent fronto-orbital advancement for expansion of the cranial vault and correction of the asymmetric forehead and orbit. The procedure resulted in improvement of his deformity.

Conclusion:

This case illustrates a unique presentation of an acrocephalosyndactyly (ACS) syndrome with asymmetric, unilateral coronal craniosynostosis and complete complex syndactyly of the hands and feet that is most consistent with Apert syndrome. Although the majority of patients with ACS can be categorized into known syndromes, other more unusual presentations must still be considered. Such unique cases are exceedingly rare and only through additional reporting and review of unique phenotypes can new subtypes of common ACS syndromes be classified.
The Utility and Efficiency of a Resident Hand Clinic for the Management of Acute Hand Trauma at the University of Alberta
Authors: Robertson Emilie M. , Budden Curtis R. , Ball Brandon J. , Ladak Adil
Published: October 2018

Background:

The University of Alberta established a resident-run hand clinic in 2005 to expeditiously manage the growing numbers of patients with traumatic hand injuries. The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical volume and types of cases assessed and treated in the clinic, as well as gauge patient satisfaction with care received.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review and patient satisfaction questionnaire were conducted for patients assessed in the hand clinic in 2015. Demographic data, referral data, and treatment required were recorded. Patients were asked to complete a survey on their experience at the end of their visit.

Results:

A total of 1022 charts were reviewed. The most common reason for referral was a fracture or dislocation (57%), followed by tendon injury (18%). The average wait time to be seen in clinic was 2.97 ± 2.13 days in the winter and 4.12 ± 2.14 days in the summer. Forty-seven percent of patients required splinting, 17% required a procedure, and 21% of patients were referred for surgery. Patient satisfaction on average was 9.29 ± 0.87 on a satisfaction scale of 10.

Conclusion:

In a 6-month period, residents attending hand clinic assessed and treated 1022 patients, providing timely management of acute injuries. A resident-run hand clinic is an effective model to decrease wait times for patients, to decrease time spent assessing nonemergent injuries in the emergency department, and to concentrate hand trauma in a setting conducive to resident training, while still maintaining high patient satisfaction.
A three-dimensional virtual morphometry study of the sigmoid notch of the distal radius
Authors: Shivdas Sachin , Hashim MS , Ahmad T Sara
Published: October 2018

Purpose:

Our primary objectives were to create a reliable, noninvasive method for three-dimensional morphometry of deep bony parameters within the sigmoid notch of the distal radius, to identify its morphological patterns, and to identify any significant variation between the left and the right wrists. Our secondary objectives were to obtain morphometric values that could represent our population and to identify any possible ethnic variations.

Methods:

Computed tomography scans of 102 wrists from 51 healthy individuals were analyzed using a virtualization software. Four anatomical parameters at the distal radius sigmoid notch, namely, the radius of curvature, depth, version angle, and sagittal slope were measured. Morphological patterns of the sigmoid notch surface were identified. The results were statistically analyzed to assess the reliability of the technique and were compared with previously published literature.

Results:

Comparing our findings with previously published values, our study revealed a slightly larger radius of curvature and sagittal slope, while revealing a smaller depth and version. We identified the S-type, C-type, and ski-slope morphological variants. The flat-face morphological variant, however, was not identified. The sigmoid notch at the left and right wrists were similar, except for the radius of curvature.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates a noninvasive, fast, reliable, and reproducible technique for analyzing the sigmoid notch of the distal radius. In wrist injuries with intact distal radius sigmoid notch but involving comminuted fractures of the ulnar head, ulnar head replacement may be indicated. In such cases, analysis of the ipsilateral intact sigmoid notch would allow us to prepare an ulnar head prosthesis of appropriate size.
Anterior humeral approach with nerve stimulator
Authors: Gulcek Murat , Gamli Mehmet
Published: October 2018

Introduction:

The prevalence of radial nerve injury during surgery is as high as the prevalence of radial nerve injury due to trauma. The aim of this study is to minimize the risk of iatrogenic injury of radial nerve.

Materials and Methods:

Fifty patients with middle or distal diaphysis fractures of humerus and 18 patients with pseudoarthrosis at the same localizations were treated with surgery. Plate-screw fixation was performed with anterior approach in 43 patients. Eleven patients had minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis, and 14 patients had intramedullary nailing. The localization of the radial nerve was determined with nerve stimulator at the area of dissection.

Results:

Iatrogenic radial nerve injury did not occur in patients treated with open reduction or minimally invasive approach.

Discussion:

Nerve stimulator may be a method that decreases radial nerve injury, an iatrogenic complication. This method may be used in anterior approach and minimally invasive procedures.
Impact of HR Policies on Gender Inclusion in Indian Army: An Empirical Study
Authors: Munshi Anupama
Published: October 2018

Inclusion means to have a sense of belongingness, feel valued and respected for the person you are, and getting commitment and support to enable you to give your best. A gender-inclusive diverse workforce is progressively being accepted to contribute significantly towards improved performance of any organization. With this underlying concept, the article attempts to understand the linkages between HR policies and gender inclusion in Indian Army. This study is based on primary data collected from officers of the different branches of Indian Army and the extant literature review. Data has been assessed using confirmatory factor analysis and multivariate analysis of variance. Proposed empirical article will offer meaningful insight to the policy formulators and the policy executors for improving the existing policies and framing the new HR policies that will help achieve effective gender inclusion.
The Long-Term Impact of Systemic Student Support in Elementary School: Reducing High School Dropout
Authors: Lee-St. John Terrence J. , Walsh Mary E. , Raczek Anastasia E. , Vuilleumier Caroline E. , Foley Claire , Heberle Amy , Sibley Erin , Dearing Eric
Published: October 2018

Dropping out of high school has adverse consequences, including negative effects on employment, lifetime earnings, and physical health. Students often fail to complete high school for complex reasons that often manifest long before they reach high school. This study examines the link between participation in a comprehensive elementary school student support intervention and high school dropout. In this study, students who attended intervention elementary schools in a large, urban, high-poverty district during 2001–2014 ( N=894) were compared to students who did not attend intervention schools ( N=10,200). Likelihood of dropping out in grades 9–12 was estimated using propensity score-weighted Discrete Event History Analysis. Intervention students had approximately half the odds of dropout ( p<.001); the probability of dropout for intervention was 9.2%, compared to 16.6% for non-intervention students. Individually tailored student support interventions during elementary school can lead to lasting and meaningful effects.
Untangling the Gordian Knot of Human Sexuality
Authors: Legato Marianne J.
Published: October 2018

There is increasing interest in and tolerance of the lay public for variations in human sexuality. In contrast, the molecular biology that underlies gender identity, the development of gonadal and genital anatomy, and the factors that define sexual behavior is proving unexpectedly complex and is still incompletely understood. It is now evident that humans cannot be characterized as member of 1 of 2 clearly defined units: male or female. In fact, individuals exist on a continuum: those who do not conform unequivocally to the dyadic view of human sex in terms of anatomy, gender identity, and/or sexual behavior should be characterized as having variations in rather than disorders of sexual development. Such individuals can no longer be regarded as anomalies to be rejected, condemned, and, if possible, “corrected” either psychologically or anatomically.
Mitrofanovite, Pt3Te4, a new mineral from the East Chuarvy deposit, Fedorovo–Pana intrusion, Kola Peninsula, Russia
Authors: Subbotin Victor V. , Vymazalová Anna , Laufek František , Savchenko Yevgeny E. , Stanley Chris J. , Gabov Dmitry A. , Plášil Jakub
Published: October 2018

Mitrofanovite, Pt3Te4, is a new telluride discovered in low-sulfide disseminated ore in the East Chuarvy deposit, Fedorovo–Pana intrusion, Kola Peninsula, Russia. It forms anhedral grains (up to ~20 μm × 50 μm) commonly in intergrowths with moncheite in aggregates with lukkulaisvaaraite, kotulskite, vysotskite, braggite, keithconnite, rustenburgite and Pt–Fe alloys hosted by a chalcopyrite–pentlandite–pyrrhotite matrix. Associated silicates are: orthopyroxene, augite, olivine, amphiboles and plagioclase. Mitrofanovite is brittle; it has a metallic lustre and a grey streak. Mitrofanovite has a good cleavage, along {001}. In plane-polarised light, mitrofanovite is bright white with medium to strong bireflectance, slight pleochroism, and strong anisotropy on non-basal sections with greyish brown rotation tints; it exhibits no internal reflections. Reflectance values for the synthetic analogue of mitrofanovite in air (Ro,Re’in %) are: 58.4, 54.6 at 470 nm; 62.7, 58.0 at 546 nm; 63.4, 59.1 at 589 nm; and 63.6, 59.5 at 650 nm. Fifteen electron-microprobe analyses of mitrofanovite gave an average composition: Pt 52.08, Pd 0.19, Te 47.08 and Bi 0.91, total 100.27 wt.%, corresponding to the formula (Pt2.91Pd0.02)Σ2.93(Te4.02Bi0.05)Σ4.07based on 7 atoms; the average of eleven analyses on synthetic analogue is: Pt 52.57 and Te 47.45, total 100.02 wt.%, corresponding to Pt2.94Te4.06. The density, calculated on the basis of the formula, is 11.18 g/cm3. The mineral is trigonal, space groupR$\overline 3 $m, witha= 3.9874(1),c= 35.361(1) Å,V= 486.91(2) Å3andZ= 3. The crystal structure was solved and refined from the powder X-ray-diffraction data of synthetic Pt3Te4. Mitrofanovite is structurally and chemically related to moncheite (PtTe2). The strongest lines in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern of synthetic mitrofanovite [din Å (I) (hkl)] are: 11.790(23)(003), 5.891(100)(006), 2.851(26)(107), 2.137(16)(1013), 2.039(18)(0114), 1.574(24)(0120), 1.3098(21)(0027). The structural identity of natural mitrofanovite with synthetic Pt3Te4was confirmed by electron backscatter diffraction measurements on the natural sample. The mineral name is chosen to honour Felix P. Mitrofanov, a Russian geologist who was among the first to discover platinum-group element mineralisation in the Fedorova–Pana complex.
Micro-structural phenomena in agate/chalcedony: spiral growth
Authors: Götze Jens , Berek Harry , Schäfer Klaus
Published: October 2018

Agates with spectacular micro-structural features were found in volcanic rocks at several occurrences in the Saar-Nahe region (Germany). These agates include spirals of several tens up to several hundreds of μm in size within zones lacking the characteristic structural agate banding. A combined mineralogical study by polarising microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, cathodoluminescence microscopy and spectroscopy, and electron backscatter diffraction provided evidence that the spirals consist of well-ordered trigonal α-quartz, whereas the surrounding matrix is composed of strongly disordered or amorphous SiO2phases. The quartz micro-crystals show a systematic rotation of the crystal orientation perpendicular to the direction of the spiral loops indicating helical growth.

It is assumed that the spiral growth is initiated by dislocations with a screw component. The lacking symmetry of the strongly disordered or amorphous matrix initiated a curved development by a screw dislocation in a system far from equilibrium. The atoms/molecules are packed into spiral layers, which is energetically favoured in comparison with the incorporation into plane crystal faces. Such self-organisation growth and polymerisation initiated by a screw dislocation can produce variable spiral morphologies sometimes resembling living forms.
Cell-lineage level–targeted sequencing to identify acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes
Authors: Yokoyama Kazuaki , Shimizu Eigo , Yokoyama Nozomi , Nakamura Sousuke , Kasajima Rika , Ogawa Miho , Takei Tomomi , Ito Mika , Kobayashi Asako , Yamaguchi Rui , Imoto Seiya , Miyano Satoru , Tojo Arinobu
Published: October 2018

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal myeloid neoplasm that typically arises de novo; however, some cases evolve from a preleukemic state, such as myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Such secondary AMLs and those with typical MDS-related clinical features are known as AMLs with myelodysplasia-related changes (AML-MRC). Because patients with AML-MRC have poor prognosis, more accurate diagnostic approaches are required. In this study, we performed targeted sequencing of 54 genes in 3 cell populations (granulocyte, blast, and T-cell fractions) using samples from 13 patients with MDS, 16 patients with clinically diagnosed AML-MRC, 4 patients with suspected AML-MRC but clinically diagnosed as AML not otherwise specified (AML-NOS), and 11 patients with de novo AML. We found that overlapping mutations, defined as those shared at least by the blast and granulocyte fractions, were significantly enriched in patients with MDS and AML-MRC, including those with suspected AML-MRC, indicating a substantial history of clonal hematopoiesis. In contrast, blast-specific nonoverlapping mutations were significantly enriched in patients with de novo AML. Furthermore, the presence of overlapping mutations, excluding DNMT3A, TET2, and ASXL1, effectively segregated patients with MDS and AML-MRC or suspected AML-MRC from patients with de novo AML. Additionally, the presence of ≥3 mutations in the blast fraction was useful for distinguishing patients with AML-MRC from those with MDS. In conclusion, our approach is useful for classifying clinically diagnosable AML-MRC and identifying clinically diagnosed AML-NOS as latent AML-MRC. Additional prospective studies are needed to confirm the utility of this approach.
FeNO-based asthma management results in faster improvement of airway hyperresponsiveness
Authors: Bernholm Katrine Feldballe , Homøe Anne-Sophie , Meteran Howraman , Jensen Camilla Bjørn , Porsbjerg Celeste , Backer Vibeke
Published: October 2018

Asthma is characterised by inflammation and respiratory symptoms. Current asthma treatment is based on severity of asthma symptoms only. Exhaled nitric oxide fraction (FeNO) is not recommended by the Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines. The aim was to compare the usefulness of aFeNOguidedversussymptom-based treatment in achieving improved asthma control assessed by airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR).

80 asthmatic patients were included in a double-blinded, parallel, randomised controlled trial with follow-up visits after 8, 24 and 36 weeks. Treatment was tailored using either aFeNOor Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) based algorithm. Inclusion criteria were asthma symptoms and a provocative dose causing a 15% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s <635 mg mannitol. At each visit AHR,FeNO, ACQ and blood tests were performed.

No differences between the two groups were found at inclusion. AHR from 8 to 24 weeks was improved in theFeNOgroup compared to the ACQ group (response dose ratio (RDR) geometric mean (95% CI): 0.02 (0.01–0.04)versus0.05 (0.03–0.07), respectively, p=0.015). AHR to mannitol at 36 weeks showed no differences between the two groups (mean difference RDR (95% CI): −0.02 (−0.05–0.02), p=0.3). Total doses of inhaled steroid and number of exacerbations were similar (p>0.05).

When usingFeNOas a treatment management tool, lowering of airway responsiveness occurred earlier than using ACQ. However, airway responsiveness and asthma control after 9 months were similar.
Axillary Lymph Node Dissection for Breast Cancer: Efficacy and Complication in Developing Countries
Authors: Abass Mohaned O. , Gismalla Mohamed D.A. , Alsheikh Ahmed A. , Elhassan Moawia M.A.
Published: October 2018

Purpose

Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) frequently is performed as part of the surgical management of breast cancer as a therapeutic and prognostic index, but increasingly has been perceived as associated with significant complications. Data on efficacy and complications of ALND in Sudan are lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and complications of ALND in patients with breast cancer treated with mastectomy and breast-conserving surgery.

Methods

We performed a prospective, hospital-based study in women with invasive breast cancer who underwent modified radical mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery with ALND between September 2014 and August 2015. The efficacy of ALND was defined as retrieval of ≥ 10 lymph nodes. Complications of ALND were assessed objectively and subjectively and defined as either present or absent.

Results

Of 96 patients with breast cancer included in the study, 40 (42%) developed postaxillary clearance complications. The median follow-up time was 18 months (range, 12 to 24 months). Numbness was reported by 21.9% of patients. Seroma was noted in 15.6% and lymphedema in 9.4%. Approximately 9% reported episodes of infection or inflammation at the surgical site. None of the studied factors were found to affect the incidence of complications significantly. Ten or more lymph nodes were retrieved in 81.3% of patients, and nodal metastasis was found in 62.5%.

Conclusion

This study shows that the prevalence of undesirable adverse effects after ALND is 42%, with paresthesia and seroma being the most prevalent. The lymphedema prevalence was low in relation to other evaluated symptoms.
Predosing Chemical Stability of Admixtures of Propofol, Ketamine, Fentanyl, and Remifentanil
Authors: Bedocs Peter , Evers David L. , Buckenmaier Chester C.
Published: October 2018

Admixtures of propofol–ketamine, propofol–ketamine–fentanyl, and propofol–ketamine–remifentanil were subjected to various clinically relevant conditions to study their chemical stability. A novel high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method revealed no degradation of any compound by incubation at 37°C, constant mixing, or table-top storage for 6- and 24-hour time periods, except variable recovery of both propofol and fentanyl in the admixtures of propofol–ketamine–fentanyl suggesting possible degradation.
Predicting the Size of a Left Double-Lumen Tube for Asian Women Based on the Combination of the Diameters of the Cricoid Ring and Left Main Bronchus: A Randomized, Prospective, Controlled Trial
Authors: Shiqing Liu , Wenxu Qi , Yuqiang Mao , Youjing Dong
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND:

There are limited data about how to choose the correct size of a double-lumen tube (DLT). It is especially difficult to select an appropriate DLT for Asian women because of their small stature. The primary aim of this study was to compare the overall accuracy of the DLT selected based on the combination of transverse diameter of cricoid ring and the equivalent diameter of the left main bronchus (ED-LMB) with that based on the ED-LMB alone for Asian women.

METHODS:

In this study, 80 consecutive and blinded female patients were assigned randomly to 2 groups. The overall accuracy of the selection of DLT was compared between the Combined group and LMB group. The accuracy of the selection of tracheal segment and bronchial segment was also compared between the 2 groups. The postoperative hoarseness and sore throat were investigated by blinded assessors.

RESULTS:

The overall accuracy of selection of the DLTs was higher in the Combined group than that in the LMB group (87.5% vs 60.0%; P = .010). The accuracy of selection of tracheal segment was also higher in the Combined group (92.5% vs 67.5%; P = .010). The accuracy of selection of bronchial segment was similar between the groups (95.0 % vs 86.1%; P = .246). The severity of sore throat was higher in the LMB group at 24 hours after the operation (P = .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

The correct size of DLT for Asian women should be selected based on the combination of transverse diameter of cricoid ring and the ED-LMB.
The New Howard Woman
Authors: Beauboeuf-Lafontant Tamara
Published: October 2018

In the opening decades of the twentieth century, Lucy Diggs Slowe charted new territory as the first African American dean of women. Serving in this administrative role for fifteen years at her alma mater, Howard University, Slowe introduced and shaped an extracurriculum to realize her unique ideal of educated Black womanhood, “the New Howard Woman.” In a departure from the hyperscrutiny of nineteenth-century codes of respectability, the New Howard Woman drew from the self-defining qualities of the New Negro and the New Woman, while correcting for their exclusive focus on Black masculinity and white femininity, respectively. This paper examines how Slowe’s advocacy of Black women operated on two intertwined principles: the universal right to grow into one’s potential and the obligation of each person to contribute her talent to social amelioration. Given her unwavering conviction that Black women were as much members of modern society as other race-gender groups, Slowe’s tenure provides a unique and needed window into an underexplored history of interventions to render college campuses inclusive and responsive environments for democratic learning and living.
“Hard-Headed and Masculine-Hearted Women”
Authors: Yitah Helen
Published: October 2018

This essay undertakes a gendered analysis of Mabel Dove-Danquah’s fiction within the context of nationalist Ghanaian literature. Dove-Danquah and her contemporaries who wrote during the late nineteenth to early twentieth century portrayed almost all the ideas and ideology of modern African thought and many of the themes, modes, and techniques found in African literature today. Moreover, through their preoccupation with nationhood, race consciousness, and African cultural integrity, they announced Ghana’s intellectual independence decades before the end of colonial rule. However, Dove-Danquah stands out among this group as a writer whose fiction not only challenged colonial and racial legacies but also called into question male value systems that denied female subjectivity, and envisioned a “new woman” who could challenge them. The essay analyzes Dove-Danquah’s portraits of this “new woman” in her largely unpublished collection of short stories, “Sketches of Life,” to bring out her contribution to gender identity in Ghanaian literature.
“Where Do You Go When You Go Quiet?”
Authors: Maner Sequoia
Published: October 2018

This essay traces the ethical impulse of Beyoncé’s 2016 visual album, Lemonade. I frame the writings of Alice Walker and Zora Neale Hurston as antecedent creations that depict black women’s journeys into interior psychic spaces as method for healing. Reading the trope of water and other visual cues within Lemonade, I find that Beyoncé advocates for transformed social relations which blossom from healthier modes of relating to oneself and others, an endeavor that has material value in the #BlackLivesMatter era.
4. Direct Spectrophotometric Determination of Moisture Content of Grain and Seeds
Authors: Norris Karl H. , Hart Joe R.
Published: October 2018

The water absorption bands at 0.76, 0.97, 1.18, 1.45, and 1.94 μ were investigated for spectrophotometric measurement of the moisture content of grain and seeds. The spectral absorbance curve for a thin layer of ground wheat was measured for the 1.0- to 2.3-μ region, showing that the 1.94-μ band of water has a minimum of interference. Using a 2-gram sample of ground material mixed with 1.5 to 2.0 ml of carbon tetrachloride in a 4.4-cm diameter cell, the transmittance values of a large number of wheat, soybean, wheat flour, and wheat bran samples were measured at 1.94 and 2.08 μ. From these data, the optical density difference Δ OD (1.94–2.08) μ was computed for each sample and related to the moisture content as determined by standard procedures. Calibration curves obtained for each of the four materials showed standard deviations from 0.28 to 0.37 per cent moisture for the moisture range from 0 to 20 per cent. The water absorption band at 0.97 μ was measured on individual intact peanuts and related to the moisture content. A measurement within ±0.7 per cent moisture content was obtained, using Δ OD (0.97–0.90) μ as the measured value. The authors conclude that moisture determination by direct spectrophotometry is practical on grain and should be possible on a wide range of solids.
Optimized Scoring Systems: Toward Trust in Machine Learning for Healthcare and Criminal Justice
Authors: Rudin Cynthia , Ustun Berk
Published: October 2018

The authors developed and implemented transparent machine-learning models that call into question the use of black-box machine-learning models in healthcare and criminal justice applications.
Donor milk: Science and sensitivity
Authors: Winter George F
Published: October 2018

George Winter details the history of breast milk banking, and explains why midwives should be aware that donor breast milk may not be the solution for every family
Pain management in labour and childbirth: Going back to basics
Authors: Lennon Roisin
Published: October 2018

As rates of anxiety, tocophobia and post-traumatic stress syndrome increase, there is a need for health professionals to reflect, review and rethink how women could be better prepared for labour and birth. Women need to fully understand the choices available and to have the support to enable them to deal with the pain and challenges of labour. All pregnant women should be helped to understand the physiology of labour and birth so that they are aware of what is happening to their bodies and what they and their midwife might do or avoid to keep birth normal. Information must incorporate discussions on both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of pain relief, which must be current, contemporary and evidence-based to enhance the woman's ability to make informed choices about her intrapartum care. How the woman copes with this process depends on not only the confidence she has in her own body but also on the support of her caregivers. The care setting, as well as any pre-existing fears, previous experiences and expectations all heavily influence a woman's positive or negative birth experience.
What influences women to stop or continue breastfeeding? A thematic analysis
Authors: Keevash Jessica , Norman Alyson , Forrest Hannah , Mortimer Samantha
Published: October 2018

Background

The UK figures suggest that rates of breastfeeding are low compared to other countries. While initial breastfeeding rates have increased, figures are still low for those continuing to breastfeed at 6 months.

Aims

To understand the experiences of breastfeeding women and what affects their ability to continue breastfeeding.

Methods

A total of 41 women aged 18-45 years who had attempted to breastfeed between 2011 and 2016 took part in semi-structured interviews, analysed using a thematic approach.

Findings

Four main themes were identified: attachment, provision of information and support, sociocultural pressures and maternal role. The study found that women reported more positive attachment to their infant when breastfeeding.

Conclusions

While women were often highly motivated to breastfeed, they often did not receive sufficient information and support, often leading to early cessation. Women highlighted the societal pressures to breastfeed and how this was incorporated into the perception of what it was to be a ‘mother’.
Childbearing women's experiences of midwives' workplace distress: Patient and public involvement
Authors: Pezaro Sally , Pearce Gemma , Bailey Elizabeth
Published: October 2018

Background

Some midwives experience work-related psychological distress. This can reduce the quality and safety of maternity services, yet there are few interventions to support midwives.

Aim

To explore and voice the perceptions of new mothers in relation to the barriers to receiving high-quality maternity care, the psychological wellbeing of midwives and the development and evaluation of an online intervention designed to support them. GRIPP2 reporting checklists were also used to demonstrate how patient and public involvement works in research.

Methods

A co-design approach was used in a discussion group to collect qualitative data from 10 participants. A framework approach was used for analysis.

Findings

Unique findings included midwives crying, becoming emotional and seeking support from service users. Overall, seven patient and public involvement outcomes relating to intervention development and data collection were identified.

Conclusion

Maternity service improvement strategies may only be wholly effective once they include the provision of effective midwifery workplace support.
Immunosuppression following organ transplantation. Part 2: complications and their management
Authors: Cajanding Ruff
Published: October 2018

Advances in the care of patients who have had a solid organ transplant has led to a growing population of post-transplant patients, who are also living for longer. As a result of their longer life expectancy, transplant recipients often face a multitude of challenges, including optimising their immunosuppressive regimens and managing potential complications. Life-threatening infections, malignancies, and organ-specific toxicities are the complications post-transplant patients commonly encounter and these complications are often associated with increased morbidity and mortality, adverse graft functioning and survival, profound impairment in the patient's quality of life, and significant healthcare burden. This article, the second of two parts, gives an overview of the issues involved in the care of patients who are receiving immunosuppressants. The common complications encountered by post-transplant patients are discussed and their assessment, management, prevention and treatment explored.
Highlighting concerns about patient safety in mental health care
Authors: Tingle John
Published: October 2018

John Tingle, Associate Professor (Teaching and Scholarship), Nottingham Trent University, discusses two recent reports on mental health care, which raise important patient safety issues
From staff nurse to nurse consultant Continuing professional development part 6: Mentoring and being mentored
Authors: Fowler John
Published: October 2018

John Fowler, Educational Consultant, explores CPD for the clinically based nurse, looking at the qualities that make a good mentor and the times in a nursing career when mentoring is particularly helpful
Exploring the impact of Brexit
Authors: Foster Sam
Published: October 2018

Sam Foster, Chief Nurse, Oxford University Hospitals, presents a risk assessment of the potential effects of leaving the European Union on nursing and the NHS more widely
Anaesthetic complications and preparedness part 1: pre- and intraoperative complications
Authors: Marotto Stéphanie , Bradbrook Carl , Zoff Aurora
Published: October 2018

This straight-forward reference guide is designed to assist in diagnosing and treating anaesthetic complications and emergency situations in the perioperative period. Each complication is presented with its risk factors, signs for recognition and differential diagnosis when indicated. Management is presented in a step-by-step manner. Whenever possible, advice on how to prevent these situations from occurring is also provided. This first article focuses on complications other than hypothermia, hypotension and hypoventilation that are more commonly observed in the preoperative and intraoperative period. It includes many life-threatening emergencies; some may be considered rare but are likely to be underdiagnosed, such as embolism.
Book Review
Authors: Cope Iain
Published: October 2018

The BSAVA Manual of Avian Practice: A Foundation Manual aims to bring all the avian topics together, updating them to provide a knowledge and teaching base in this subject.
One Welfare, companion animals and their vets
Authors: Pinillos Rebeca García
Published: October 2018

One Welfare describes the interrelationship between animal welfare, human wellbeing and the physical and social environment. By better understanding and applying these interconnections to their daily work, vets and their clients can benefit from and play a key role in advancing One Welfare
Playing at war is not a path to negative behaviour
Authors: Baker Charlotte
Published: October 2018

It is entirely understandable why some practitioners are nervous of allowing children to role-play games and situations involving pretend guns or swords, but we should not be too hasty to call a halt to it..
What does documentation allow you to do better?
Authors: Smith Kimberly
Published: October 2018

What we record of children's learning and how we do so, has been the subject of much debate, but most importantly, it is what we do with our recordings that will have the most impact upon a child's learning.
30-hour fails to make the grade
Authors: Leitch Neil
Published: October 2018

Last month marked the end of the first year of the national roll-out out of the government's 30-hour scheme, and it is clear that the government's assessment and shop floor reality are worlds apart.
Autumnal provocations
Authors: Chapman Ailsa
Published: October 2018

In the third article of our series, we explore the wonderful versatility of tuff trays, and look at ways of instantly turning these hard wearing cement mixers into imaginative and provocative play resources.
Zoogeography of the Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Southeastern Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Catarineu Chema , Barberá Gonzalo G. , Reyes-López Joaquín Luis
Published: October 2018

The work submitted in this paper presents the first checklist of the ant species of the Segura River Basin based on a review of specific literature and biological material collected during field work conducted from 2012 to 2017. Our findings recorded 110 species belonging to 30 genera of ants and twenty two of these species were recorded for the first time in this area. The zoogeographical composition is dominated by the species of the Mediterranean zone (75.2%), followed by the mixed and deciduous forest zone (19.1%). The most important zoogeographic elements are: Iberian (20%), Holomediterranean (17.1%) and West-Mediterranean (13.3%). There are only six cosmopolitan species (5.71%). There is a greater proportion of species from the mixed and deciduous forest zone in the high-mid altitudes in the Segura River Basin, where the climate is cooler, and more humid. The Euro-Caucasian and Euro-West Siberian elements seems to be more associated to the more humid forest, whilst the Euro-Caucasian elements seem to be more associated to ecosystems more similar to the forest-steppe zone. The existence of these different zoogeographic origins in this area is probably linked with: the position between Africa and Europe; the complex geotectonic, paleogeographic, and paleoclimatic history during the last 7 My; the complex geomorphology; and the high climate and habitat diversity. Based on ant studies and other taxa, possible explanations of the zoogeographic origin of these ant chorotypes are proposed.
Nesting biology, seasonality and host range of sweat bee, Hoplonomia westwoodi (Gribodo) (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Nomiinae)
Authors: Udayakumar Amala , Shivalingaswamy Timalapur M.
Published: October 2018

Nesting biology and Seasonal dynamics of Halictid bee, Hoplonomia westwoodi (Nomiinae: Halictidae) was studied at ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources (NBAIR) Bengaluru, Yelahanka Campus (13.096792N, 77.565976E) India from July 2016 to May 2017. The bee built subterranean nests on a leveled soil surface with turrets with main shaft running to a depth of 70.1 cm. In total, nineteen cells were observed in clusters at diferente depths. Different life stages of the bee were observed in the cells. The life cycle of the bee was completed in 41.80 days. The bees were found actively foraging on different flora belonging to the different families like Acanthaceae, Asteraceae, Convolvulaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Malpighiaceae, Polygonaceae, Rubiaceae and Solanceae throughout the year with the peak population during the months of June to November. Marked preference and behavior of buzz pollination was observed on the flowers of Solanaceous crops like tomato and eggplant.
Evaluating the efficiency of different sampling methods to survey social wasps (Vespidae: Polistinae) in an anthropized environment
Authors: Jacques Gabriel Castro , Pires Epifânio , Hermes Marcel Gustavo , Faria Lucas Del Bianco , Souza Marcos Magalhães , Silveira Luis Claudio Paterno
Published: October 2018

Social wasps play important ecological roles, such as the natural biological control of other arthropods as well as major components of the flower-visiting insect guild. Despite many studies focusing on the survey of these organisms in Brazil, information on the community structure of polistines in anthropized environmets is still rare. The goals of the present study were: i) to survey the social wasp fauna in an anthropized area in the transition of Cerrado and Atlantic Forest; ii) to investigate the efficiency of two sampling methods, namely active search for wasps and the use of attractive traps; iii) to investigate the performance of different attractive baits in the capture success of social wasps in the study area. Sampling of social wasps was conducted by actively searching for individuals and by using attractive traps. A total of 40 species was recorded, with Agelaia multipicta and Agelaia vicina species being the most frequently collected with attractive traps and Mischocyttarus cassununga by actively searching for wasps. In all analyses performed (except when comparing abundance of social wasps considering the molasses bait and the active search), actively searching for wasps was the best method. This is also highlighted by the fact that the time spent actively capturing polistines was considerably lower than the time (and costs) that the traps were left in the field. Active search, as demonstrated by previous studies, remains as the best capturing methodology when surveying Neotropical social wasps, either in natural or anthropized environments.
Genetic Variation in Iranian Honey bees, Apis mellifera meda Skorikow, 1829, (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Inferred from PCR-RFLP Analysis of two mtDNA Gene Segments (COI and 16S rDNA)
Authors: Rahimi Ataollah , Mirmoayedi Alinaghi , Kahrizi Danial , Kahrizi Danial , Zarei Leila , Jamali Samad , Zarei Leila , Jamali Samad
Published: October 2018

In this study, the genetic structure of Iranian honey bee (Apis mellifera meda) populations, mainly obtained from all of regions, were investigated at two different mitochondrial regions. A total of 300 worker bees were collected from 20 different populations in 20 different locations. Portions of the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rDNA) and cytochrome C oxidase I (COI) genes were amplified by PCR and then subjected to RFLP pattern analysis using 8 restriction enzymes. Nucleotide polymorphisms were revealed using restriction enzyme Sau3A I, Ssp I and Taq I in COI and Bsp143I, Ssp I and Dra I in the 16S rDNA gene segment. In this study, 3 novel composite genotypes (haplotypes) were found in Iranian honey bee populations. The average haplotype diversity (h) within populations was 0.0405. Heterozygosity values, Shannon index and the number of alleles of Iranian honey bee populations were low that could be caused by low definite geographic structure of Iranian honey bee populations. Genetic distance (D) values were found to be low (0.0–0.0011) within Iranian honey bee populations. Cluster analysis based on UPGMA method revealed that all populations and samples groups be in one cluster. Also, the phylogenetic tree based on Neighbor-joining method divided 29 subspecies of honey bee to 5 distinct clusters. The Iranian subspecies honey bee composed of a shared clade with subspecies of Eastern Mediterranean, Near East and Eastern parts of Middle East (O branch). This result is very useful for the control of conservation of local honey bees, as the movement of colonies across the border line of these neighboring countries, may affect the genetic structure of honey bee populations.
Density and Spatial Distribution of Nests of Ectatomma ruidum and Pheidole fallax (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), as Response to the Recovery of Coal Mine Areas
Authors: Domínguez-Haydar Yamileth , Gutierrez-Rapalino Bleydis , Jiménez Juan Jose
Published: October 2018

In this study, the spatial pattern of two ant species of different feeding habits, Ectatomma ruidum and Pheidole fallax (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) was assessed in rehabilitated areas of “Cerrejón” coal mine (Colombia). We tested whether there is a relationship between spatial distribution pattern, age rehabilitation and temporal changes. Three sites with different ages of rehabilitation (1, 9 and 20 years) and a secondary forest were sampled during dry and rainy seasons. Within four plots (6 x 40m) per site, we located, counted and estimated the minimum distance among nests. Our results indicated that the number of active nests varied according to sites and sampling season, E. ruidum had the highest density at both seasons, 166 nests ha-1 (forest) and 1333 nests ha-1 (9-y site). The nest density for P. fallax ranged between 125 and 625 nests ha-1 in the forest and the 20-y site, respectively, and at 1-year site ants were absent. Our results indicated that the nest distribution strongly depended on the scale of observation. A uniform distribution pattern was also found, mainly at the local scale (plot level), while an aggregated and random distribution was found at the site level. We conclude that ant density responded mostly to seasonal changes (dry versus wet season).
Lung function in athletes and non-athletes aged 13-15 years
Authors: Saputri Ni Komang Diah , Mayangsari Ayu Setyorini Mestika , Subanada Ida Bagus
Published: October 2018

Background Regular sports or physical training contributes in increasing the body’s pulmonary function. The increase of pulmonary function is determined by the strength of respiratory muscle, thoracic compliance, upper respiratory system resistance, and pulmonary elasticity.

Objective To compare pulmonary function between athletes and non-athletes aged 13-15 years.

Methods This is a cross-sectional analytical study conducted onnior high school students aged 13-15 years throughout June to August 2017. Participants are classified as athletes from particular sports and non-athletes. Assessment of pulmonary function was done using a spirometry test, in which each subject was asked to inhale and exhale in a particular method. Parameters assessed include vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced expiratory flow (FEF) and FEV1/FVC. Differences in lung function between athletes and non-athletes were analyzed using independent T-test.

Results There were 60 athletes and 60 non-athletes included in this study. The mean age of athletes and non-athletes were 13.38 (SD 0.99) years old and 13.70 (SD 0.76) years old, respectively. The statistically significant differences in mean lung function parameters between athletes and non-athletes were as follows: VC: 85.03% vs. 79.41%, respectively (P=0.035); FVC: 95.66% vs. 88.43%, respectively (P=0.016); FEV1: 102.10% vs. 94.28%, respectively (P=0.016); and FEV1/FVC: 105.95% vs. 102.69%, respectively (P=0.011). However, there were no statistically significant differences in the means of FEF 25-75% between the two groups (P>0.05).

Conclusions Parameters of lung function in athletes are in general significantly higher than in non-athletes.
Personal Explorations in the Study of Ethnic and Race Relations
Authors: Marin Marguerite V.
Published: October 2018

Many have discussed the inherent problems in teaching race and ethnic relations courses. Students often come to class with preconceived ideas about their social world, and a range of feelings and experiences including confusion, biases and misconceptions. Therefore, significant barriers to learning exist prior to the first day of class. To address these challenges, I developed a teaching strategy that created a student-centered, non-threatening learning environment where students could thoughtfully discuss and collaborate on group projects covering emotionally charged subjects. In doing so I organized my course, Race and Ethnic Relations, around the students’ use of family histories. This essay includes qualitative data from student projects, and their reflections on the effeciveness of this assignment.  Student reflections revealed their relative comfort in holding discussions and presenting information on sensitive and challenging topics.Keywords:Student-centered learning, student collaboration, race and ethnic relations, and ethnic family histories
Do Students Overestimate Their Contribution to Class? Congruence of Student and Professor Ratings of Class Participation
Authors: Meyer Megan L , McDonald Stacy A , DellaPietra Lynn , Wiechnik Matthew , Dasch-Yee Kimberly
Published: October 2018

As student participation is an essential component of many classes, this research attempted to foster congruence between student and professor ratings of class participation. Study 1 (N = 196) explored the utility of a detailed grading rubric in assessing class participation. As predicted, providing students and faculty with the same rubric resulted in a moderate correlation between their ratings. Consistent with previous research, results indicated a mean difference between student and professor ratings, particularly for low participators. Utilizing this rubric, Study 2 (N = 87) examined congruency at mid- and end-term. Contrary to what was predicted, feedback provided at mid-term did not increase congruence at end-term. A potential implication of this finding is underdeveloped metacognitive skills in low participators. Perhaps, more frequent and substantive feedback is essential for these students.