bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of pharmacy collaborating services in an outpatient clinic on improving adverse drug reactions in outpatient cancer chemotherapy
Authors: Suzuki Hidetaka , Suzuki Shinya , Kamata Hayato , Sugama Yuka , Demachi Ken , Ikegawa Kiwako , Igarashi Takashi , Yamaguchi Masakazu
Published: September 2018

Background

Collaboration between pharmacists, doctors, and nurses in outpatient treatment is beneficial; however, such services are limited in Japan due to the lack of a healthcare reimbursement fee for outpatient pharmacy services at outpatient clinic.

Objective

We evaluated the impact of a service in which clinical pharmacists collaborated with an oncologist at an outpatient clinic in the treatment of adverse drug reactions in outpatient cancer chemotherapy.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study using patients’ medical records and treatment diaries. Subjects were patients who received outpatient chemotherapy via a clinical pharmacist collaboration service provided by six outpatient pharmacists and an oncologist at an outpatient clinic between June and August 2016.

Results

During the study period, the total number of outpatient services was 2508, with 2055 (81%) related to chemotherapy. The six outpatient pharmacists provided interventions to 498 of the 2055 cases (24%). Of the 498 interventions, 103 (20%), in addition to oncologist’s prescription, were suggested treatments for adverse drug reactions due to cancer chemotherapy. Oncologists approved a total of 82 prescription suggestions from pharmacists (79%) to 63 patients. Fifty-seven percent ( n = 47) of the adverse drug reactions were improved following the pharmacists’ suggested prescriptions.

Conclusions

This is the first study to clarify the benefits of outpatient pharmacy services in which pharmacists collaborate with oncologists at an outpatient clinic for the management of adverse drug reactions in cancer patients in Japan.
Temperature-induced displacement of supertall structures: A case study
Authors: Hu Yi-ding , Hou Rongrong , Xia Qi , Xia Yong
Published: September 2018

For a supertall structure, the temperature effect is an important factor that must be considered during the design, construction, and performance assessment. In this article, temperature-induced displacement of the 600-m-high Canton Tower is studied by the data-driven approach based on the sufficient real measurement data obtained from the structural health monitoring system. A multiple linear regression model is employed to establish the quantitative relation between the displacement and temperature data at different facades and sections of the structure in different seasons. Results show that an ordinary linear regression model is able to fit the monitoring data well. However, the model fails to interpret the physical meaning of the model coefficients. A regularized linear regression model is then employed and validated to describe the temperature-induced displacement of the structure. The physical relationship between the temperature and displacement is provided. Finally, the model is also used to separate the temperature- and wind-induced displacement of the supertall structure.
Does the NCAA’s Collegiate Model Promote Competitive Balance? Power-5 Conference Football Versus the NFL
Authors: Eckard E. Woodrow
Published: September 2018

The disparity between athlete compensation and major sports revenues has produced criticisms of The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)’s Collegiate Model of athletic competition. In defense, the NCAA argues that it promotes competitive balance. One implication is that moving toward a professional model would reduce balance. The present article tests this hypothesis by comparing competitive balance in Power-5 conference football to that for the professional National Football League (NFL) using a variety of balance metrics. The results provide no support for the NCAA’s implicit hypothesis of less balance in the NFL, undermining competitive balance as a legitimate defense of the NCAA’s Collegiate Model.
Clinical and Radiologic Outcomes of the Matti-Russe Technique for Scaphoid Nonunions in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Shakir Irshad , Okoroafor Ugochi C. , Panattoni Joao
Published: September 2018

Background: Scaphoid fractures are a common injury, and a known complication is nonunion. One option to treat this nonunion is with the Matti-Russe technique, which takes a corticocancellous graft and fits it into the defect without internal fixation. The advent of modern methods of fixation has led the classic Matti-Russe technique to fall out of favor. In this study, we describe the classic technique and evaluate the results of the Matti-Russe method for treatment of scaphoid nonunions specifically for the pediatric population. Our purpose was to evaluate the long-term clinical and radiologic outcomes after surgery for scaphoid nonunion using the Matti-Russe technique in the pediatric population. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of patients less than 17 years of age, with a scaphoid nonunion that was treated with the Matti-Russe technique. This technique consisted of open reduction with intercalated bone graft and no internal fixation with hardware. Union was determined by radiographic evaluation. Computed tomography was obtained in 7 of 10 patients in this series and showed bony bridging in more than 50% of the scaphoid width in 3 different views. Intrascaphoid, scapholunate, and radiolunate angles were calculated. We reviewed wrist range of motion and complications. We obtained postoperative Mayo and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scores. Results: There were 10 patients who underwent the Matti-Russe technique. The average age was 14.7 years old (±1.34, range: 13-17). All 10 of these patients had a scaphoid waist nonunion. There were 9 males and 1 female with an average follow-up of 13 months. The average amount of time to surgery from the date of injury was 12.3 months. All 10 patients went on to radiographic union at or before 6 months from surgery. Preoperative intrascaphoid, scapholunate, and radiolunate angles were 29° (±5.38), 62° (±18.28), and 20° (±9.22). Postoperative intrascaphoid, scapholunate, and radiolunate angles improved to 16° (±6.89), 38° (±8.50), and 10° (±4.69), which was significant. Seven out of 10 patients completed postoperative outcomes measures. The average postoperative Mayo wrist score was 87.9 (±14.10, range: 60-100). The average postoperative DASH score was 1.9 (±2.03, range: 0-4.5). There were no associated complications nor reoperations. Conclusion: The Matti-Russe technique is a safe and effective treatment for scaphoid nonunion in the pediatric population. It facilitates scaphoid union without the need for screw fixation and avoiding potential complications with hardware.
Restorative justice and legal culture
Authors: Díaz Gude Alejandra , Navarro Papic Iván
Published: September 2018

This article explores the question of how to expand restorative justice as a national policy in a country underrepresented by the literature. We maintain that considering legal culture is essential. We identify restorative justice traditions that are characteristic of civil law and common law legal systems, respectively, and compare them with a case study belonging to the former system. We argue that restorative justice practices are shaped by the legal culture, political tradition and criminal justice identity of the system where they develop. We suggest an approach to transferring restorative justice practices based on comparative criminology, restorative justice traditions and legal culture, making a theoretical contribution to the field, as well as having practical implications at the level of public policy design.
Costless and Costly Prosociality: Correspondence Among Personality Traits, Economic Preferences, and Real-World Prosociality
Authors: Ferguson Eamonn , Zhao Kun , O'Carroll Ronan E. , Smillie Luke D.
Published: September 2018

Prosociality can either be costly (e.g., donating to charity) or costless (e.g., posthumous organ donation). Whereas links between personality and costly prosociality have been explored, links with costless prosociality and personality are at present unknown. We address this in two studies: Study 1 ( N = 200) confirms the distinction between costless and costly prosociality based on willingness to engage with health and nonhealth prosociality. Study 2, using data from four samples (student and community; N = 733) shows, across incentivized and hypothetical economic games to assess costless (generosity game [GG]) and costly (dictator game [DG]) prosociality, that organ donor behavior was linked to greater allocations in the GG and that charity/volunteering behavior was linked to greater allocations in the DG. Costless and costly prosocialities are associated with different personality traits (e.g., costly with politeness and compassion and costless with intellect). Implications for cooperative phenotypes and recruiting organ donors are discussed.
A Retrospective Analysis of the Long-Term Outcome of Drug-Resistant Epilepsy in Children Treated in Urban India
Authors: Raimalwalla Toranj , Udani Vrajesh , Mhatre Dimpi
Published: September 2018

Objective:

To study the outcome of childhood-onset drug-resistant epilepsy.

Methods:

Fifty-five patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, meeting inclusion criteria, were identified from the Pediatric Neurology Clinic database with seizure onset less than age 13 years and a minimum follow-up of 5 years. Seizure remission was defined as no more than 1 seizure/year. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to calculate the annual probability of seizure remission. Chi-square/Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to detect differences in predictors between those with seizure remission, ≥75% improvement and <75% improvement based on caregiver reports.

Results:

Median follow-up was 11 years. Of 55, 22 (40%) were in seizure remission at last contact; 14 (25.4%) improved by ≥75%; 19 (34.5%) experienced <75% improvement. Annual remission probability was 3% in IQ ≥70 group and 2.48% in IQ <70 group ( P = .126).

Conclusion:

This study shows patients with drug-resistant epilepsy treated in urban India can expect an overall remission rate of 2% per year starting from the third year of follow-up.
Dental Restoration Longevity among Geriatric and Special Needs Patients
Authors: Caplan D.J. , Li Y. , Wang W. , Kang S. , Marchini L. , Cowen H.J. , Yan J.
Published: September 2018

Introduction:

Although the population is aging and retaining more teeth, there is a lack of studies that address the longevity of dental restorations placed among older adults.

Objectives:

This study aimed to describe the survival trajectory of dental restorations placed in an outpatient population of geriatric and adult special needs patients over a 15-y span, with particular interest in the longevity of subsequent restorations in teeth that received multiple restorations over time.

Methods:

Dental restorations of different types and sizes in patients aged ≥65 y treated between 2000 and 2014 at the University of Iowa College of Dentistry were followed until they incurred an event (i.e., restoration replacement, extraction of the tooth, or endodontic treatment of the tooth). Survival analysis and extended Cox regression models were used to generate hazard ratios for selected predictor variables.

Results and Conclusion:

A total of 9,184 restorations were followed among 1,551 unique patients. During the follow-up period, 28.7% of these restorations incurred an event, and overall the restorations had a median life span of 6.2 y. In multivariable regression models, after controlling for sex and age, a greater number of restoration surfaces were associated with higher risks of failure, and the initial restoration recorded in the database for each participant tended to have a lower risk of failure than that of restorations that included any of those same surfaces that were placed later. This information could be helpful to older adult patients considering various restorative treatment options during the dental treatment–planning and informed consent process.

Knowledge Transfer Statement:

Informed decision making with regard to potential treatment options is an important component of health and well-being. The present study could contribute to the improved health of older adult dental patients by providing baseline information that clinicians can use as they discuss different restorative treatment options with these patients and their caregivers during the informed consent process.
Probabilistic Seismic Response Models for Risk Assessment and Design of Steel Moment Frames with Linear Viscous Dampers
Authors: Dadpour Omid , Banazadeh Mehdi
Published: September 2018

The use of supplemental viscous damping significantly improves the seismic performance of buildings; however, a design procedure that considers seismic risk is necessary. The aim of this article is to simplify the seismic risk assessment of mid-rise steel frames with linear viscous fluid dampers by employing probabilistic models and a reliability analysis. The development of a probabilistic seismic response model (PSRM) to predict the structural response without performing extensive computation is a principal component of this methodology. The design and modeling of generic frames, record selection, cloud analysis, assessment of candidate intensity measures, and use of vector-valued intensity measures are the primary aspects of this study, the goal of which is to put forward a PSRM for the target frames. Comparison of the PSRM outcome with the results of case studies demonstrates the acceptable accuracy of the models for the design earthquake; these models lead to a reduction in the computation and complexity involved in selecting design variables to achieve a target risk.
rebuffregulates apical luminal matrix to control tube size inDrosophilatrachea
Authors: Chandran Rachana R. , Scholl Aaron , Yang Yuyang , Jiang Lan
Published: September 2018

The Drosophila embryonic tracheal network is an excellent model to study tube size. The chitin-based apical luminal matrix and cell polarity are well known to regulate tube size in Drosophila trachea. Defects in luminal matrix and cell polarity lead to tube overexpansion. Here, we address the novel function of the rebuff (reb) gene, which encodes an evolutionarily conserved Smad-like protein. In reb mutants, tracheal tubes are moderately over-elongated. Despite the establishment of normal cell polarity, we observed significantly reduced apical luminal matrix in reb mutants. Among various luminal components, luminal Obstructor-A (ObstA) is drastically reduced. Interestingly, ObstA is localized in vesicle-like structures that are apically concentrated in reb mutants. To investigate the possibility that reb is involved in the endocytosis of ObstA, we analyzed the co-localization of ObstA and endocytic markers in reb mutants. We observed that ObstA is localized in late endosomes and recycling endosomes. This suggests that in reb mutant trachea, endocytosed ObstA is degraded or recycled back to the apical region. However, ObstA vesicles are retained in the apical region and are failed to be secreted to the lumen. Taken together, these results suggest one function of reb is regulating the endocytosis of luminal matrix components.
Microtubule dynamics regulation reconstituted in budding yeast lysates
Authors: Bergman Zane J. , Wong Jonathan , Drubin David G. , Barnes Georjana
Published: September 2018

Microtubules (MTs) are important for cellular structure, transport of cargoes and segregation of chromosomes and organelles during mitosis. The stochastic growth and shrinkage of MTs, known as dynamic instability, is necessary for these functions. Previous studies to determine how individual MT-associated proteins (MAPs) affect MT dynamics have been performed either through in vivo studies, which provide limited opportunity for observation of individual MTs or manipulation of conditions, or in vitro studies, which focus either on purified proteins, and therefore lack cellular complexity, or on cell extracts made from genetically intractable organisms. In order to investigate the ensemble activities of all MAPs on MT dynamics using lysates made from a genetically tractable organism, we developed a cell-free assay for budding yeast lysates using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy. Lysates were prepared from yeast strains expressing GFP-tubulin. MT polymerization from pre-assembled MT seeds adhered to a coverslip was observed in real time. Through use of cell division cycle (cdc) and MT depolymerase mutants, we found that MT polymerization and dynamic instability are dependent on the cell cycle state and the activities of specific MAPs.
A PRODUÇÃO DE DOCUMENTÁRIOS AMBIENTAIS SOBRE O PARQUE NACIONAL DA TIJUCA PARA VALORIZAÇÃO E PRESERVAÇÃO DA MATA ATLÂNTICA
Authors: Queiroz Amanda Pimentel berk de , Rocha Marcelo Borges , Da Matta Roberta , Ramos Alexander , Queyroi Luisa Coutinho
Published: September 2018

As unidades de conservação (UC) apresentam potencial educativo principalmente por proporcionar um aprender vinculado ao cotidiano. Produções e disseminações de vídeos possibilitam atingir um grande número de cidadãos. Esse foi um trabalho descritivo a respeito do projeto Conexão Ambiental/CEFET-RJ, desenvolvido por docentes e discentes do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência, Tecnologia e Educação, que consiste na produção de documentários ambientais com o intuito de divulgação científica sobre locais de reconhecida relevância ambiental. Foram produzidos dois curta-metragem, com aspectos históricos e de biodiversidade do Parque Nacional da Tijuca, uma UC de Mata Atlântica. Observa-se que o uso do documentário ambiental mobiliza os indivíduos para uma aproximação e sensibilização sobre o espaço retratado.
A constituição histórica da leitura como objeto de ensino: o discurso oficial e o didático na década de 1930 no Brasil
Authors: Barbosa Alanne De Paula , De Farias Washington Silva
Published: September 2018

Este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre a constituição histórica da leitura como objeto de ensino no discurso de programas e manuais de ensino brasileiros no século XX, especificamente na década de 1930. Buscamos investigar essa constituição histórica no discurso pedagógico do programa oficial de Português baixado pelo governo brasileiro em 1931 e de uma coleção de manuais de ensino de Português do mesmo período. De modo específico, pretendemos: 1) Identificar representações de leitura, de sujeito-leitor e dos modos de ensinar produzidas no discurso do programa e dos manuais selecionados; 2) Verificar em que formações discursivas se inscrevem essas representações; 3) Caracterizar os movimentos de interpretação sobre leitura nos dois materiais pedagógicos. A análise do corpus foi realizada de forma comparativa, considerando os efeitos e as relações interdiscursivas entre recortes do programa de ensino e dos manuais didáticos. Nosso estudo se fundamenta na Análise de Discurso de linha francesa e no campo da História das Ideias Linguísticas no Brasil, tendo como referências principais os trabalhos de Orlandi (1998, 2002, 2009), Pêcheux (1990), Razzini (2000) e Souza (1999). As constatações gerais da análise indicam um funcionamento discursivo apoiado em um processo de identificação entre os discursos oficial e didático, com alguns traços de deslocamentos de sentidos, ocasionados pela recontextualização e reformulação de sentidos. Este trabalho contribui para a compreensão da constituição histórica da leitura como objeto de ensino e oferece uma visão mais consistente sobre a historicidade pela qual se constituiu esse objeto.
Intraoperative 2D C-arm and 3D O-arm in children: A comparative phantom study
Authors: Prod'homme M. , Sans-Merce M. , Pitteloud N. , Damet J. , Lascombes P.
Published: September 2018

Purpose

Exposure to ionizing radiation is a concern for children during intraoperative imaging. We aimed to assess the radiation exposure to the paediatric patient with 2D and 3D imaging.

Methods

To evaluate the radiation exposure, patient absorbed doses to the organs were measured in an anthropomorphic phantom representing a five-year-old child, using thermoluminescent dosimeters. For comparative purposes, organ doses were measured using a C-arm for one minute of fluoroscopy and one acquisition with an O-arm. The cone-beam was centred on the pelvis. Direct and scattered irradiations were measured and compared (Student's t-test). Skin entrance dose rates were also evaluated.

Results

All radiation doses were expressed in µGy. Direct radiation doses of pelvic organs were between 631.22 and 1691.87 for the O-arm and between 214.08 and 737.51 for the C-arm, and were not significant (p = 0.07). Close scattered radiation on abdominal organs were between 25.11 and 114.85 for the O-arm and between 8.03 and 55.34 for the C-arm, and were not significant (p = 0.07). Far scattered radiation doses on thorax, neck and head varied from 0.86 to 6.42 for the O-arm and from 0.04 to 3.08 for the C-arm, and were significant (p = 0.02). The dose rate at the skin entrance was 328.58 µGy.s−1 for the O-arm and 1.90 with the C-arm.

Conclusion

During imaging of the pelvis, absorbed doses for a 3D O-arm acquisition were higher than with one minute fluoroscopy with the C-arm. Further clinical studies comparing effective doses are needed to assess ionizing risks of the intraoperative imaging systems in children.
Characteristic of novel composition Nax[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2 as Cathode Materials for So-dium Ion-Batteries
Authors: Jang Byeong-Chan , Shin Ji-Woong , Bae Jin-Joo , Son Jong-Tae
Published: September 2018

In this work, novel composition of Nax[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2 (x = 0.5 and 1.0) layered cathode materials were synthesized by using hydroxide co-precipitation and calcined at 850, 900 and 950 °C. We studied the effects of different sodium contents and calcination temperature on the structural and electrochemical properties of this novel cathode material. The change of calcination temperature and sodium content led to different P2-type, P2/P3-type, P2/O3-type, or O3-type structures. The results indicate better electrochemical perfor-mance of the P2-type cathode materials in terms of high discharge capacity and good cycling performance, when compared to P2/P3, P2/O3, and O3-type cathode materials. Na0.5[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2 electrode calcined at 900 °C exhibited a good capacity of 107.15 mAhg-1 and ca-pacity retention over 73 % after 20 cycle. Characterization of this material will help to develop cathode materials for the Na-ion battery cathode.
Electrochemical Behavior and Convoluted Voltammetry of Carbon Nanotubes Modified with Anthraquinone
Authors: Ghanem Mohamed A. , El-Hallag Ibrahim S. , Al-Mayouf Abdullah M.
Published: September 2018

The validity of convolution voltammetry for determination accurate values of diffusion coefficient (D) and electrons number (n) consumed in electrochemical reaction has been explained by applying the technique to a carbon nanotubes chemically modified using func-tional groups of anthraquinone(AQ). The analysis with macrodisk electrode was facilitated due to the presence of minor contribution of nonfaradaic current, so moderate values of sweep speed can be used without subtraction of residual current to quantify the diffusivity of electro-active species.The values of D and nCb were determined simultaneously and demonstrated using convoluted procedure. The ob-tained results indicate that the convolution voltammetry provides advantages over constant state methods (plateau) such as micro-disk electrode voltammetry and rotating disk electrode voltammetry, as it is not limited by the method of diffusion (planar or radial), which remove the limitations of solvent viscosity, geometry of electrode, and voltammetric sweep speed.
Moving from the second to the third generation Roche PTH assays: what are the consequences for clinical practice?
Authors: Dupuy Anne Marie , Bargnoux Anne Sophie , Morena Marion , Lauret Emilie , Souberbielle Jean Claude , Cavalier Etienne , Cristol Jean Paul
Published: September 2018

Background

The determination of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is essential for exploring phosphocalcic disorders especially in patients with renal failure. At present, second or third generation PTH assays are available on the market from Roche Diagnostics as well as from others companies but the lack of standardization has complicated the interpretation.

Methods

We wanted to assess the clinical impact by measuring the PTH levels with the two generations concomitantly on different groups of populations including 46 healthy, 103 pre-dialyzed and 73 hemodialyzed (HD) patients.

Results

In healthy subjects, the PTH concentrations were not different whatever the generation used, whereas beyond 200 pg/mL, we reported an overestimation of the second generation PTH. In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3–5 the observed differences between the two generations increase with increasing PTH levels and decreasing glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Classification according to the kidney disease: improving global outcomes (KDIGO) revealed a high percentage of discordant results between the two generations (κ coefficient <0.20). These discrepancies are clinically relevant as PTH levels remain the cornerstone for diagnosis and treatment of the CKD-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD).

Conclusions

The introduction of a new PTH assay generation in clinical practice should be carried out with caution.
Antibiotic Residue in the Aquatic Environment: Status in Africa
Authors: Faleye A.C. , Adegoke A.A. , Ramluckan K. , Bux Faizal , Stenström T. A.
Published: September 2018

Information on the presence of antibiotics is sparse for all types of water in Africa, including groundwater, surface water, effluent of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and municipal potable water. With the relatively high sales of different antibiotics to treat infectious diseases in the human population of Africa, the residual of the antibiotics is bound to be released through excretion via urine or fecal matter in parallel to the high sales. This article reviews the published analysis on the occurrence of antibiotics in the environment particularly in the aquatic environment in some countries in Africa. In general, sulfamethoxazole was the most commonly detected in Africa surface water (with eight reports from four countries) at a concentration range of 0.00027 – 39 μgL-1. Wastewater analysis is believed to give an early warning for preventing epidemics. Thus, we discuss the associated level of antibiotic resistance to some prevalent diseases in Africa whose aetiological agents can develop antibiotic resistance due to exposure to antibiotic residue in water. This is important because of rising population of immuno-deficient African residents ravaged by HIV/AIDS, poor nutrition and less efficient sanitation systems.
Does heart rate variability improve prediction of failed extubation in preterm infants?
Authors: Silva Marciali Gonçalves Fonseca , Gregório Michele Lima , de Godoy Moacir Fernandes
Published: September 2018

Background

Prematurity and its respective comorbidities may result in longer periods of mechanical ventilation in intensive care units (ICU). A method for the assessment of organic maturity would be useful for this population. Heart rate variability (HRV), as an indicator of homeostasis, is a well-established tool for this approach. The objective of the study was to assess HRV in intubated preterm infants in ICU immediately prior to extubation and correlate HRV with clinical evaluation outcomes.

Methods

A total of 46 preterm infants, 13 (28.2%) males, were prospectively studied and divided into a group with failed extubation (FEG: n=11) and a group with successful extubation (SEG: n=35). HRV was evaluated in time, frequency and nonlinear domains with a Polar RS800 device. HRV measurements were assessed with Kubios HRV Premium Software and statistically analyzed with the StatsDirect Statistical Software, version 1.9.2015 (2002). P<0.05 values were considered as statistically significant.

Results

There were no significant differences between heart rate variables of failed and successful extubation when analyzing the total group. However, the analysis of the sub-group of preterm infants weighing less than 1000 g showed a clear differentiation between the groups, when the nonlinear variables (approximate entropy, sample entropy and multiscale entropy 1, 2 and 3) were used, demonstrating that the group with successful extubation shows greater complexity and, therefore, relatively greater autonomic stability.

Conclusion

HRV was effective in predicting failed extubation in preterm infants when evaluated in a nonlinear domain and in preterm infants weighing less than 1000 g.
A generative Markov model for bowling scores
Authors: VanDerwerken Douglas , Kenter Franklin
Published: September 2018

We create a data-driven Markov model for generating 10-pin bowling scores from the Professional Bowlers Association. The model incorporates insights from the hot hand literature and makes use of Bayesian shrinkage. For realistic sample sizes, the proposed approach is superior to modeling via the empirical distribution. Investigation of player-specific model components allows for a richer comparison of players than is possible using raw game scores alone. An additional feature of the model is that it can be used for in-game prediction.
“Is There Lead in My Water?”: Employing a Culturally Compelling Instructional Perspective to Teach for Change
Authors: Boyd Fenice B. , Ridgeway Monica L. , Nyachae Tiffany M.
Published: September 2018

In this paper we build a conceptual framework to argue for culturally compelling instruction that leads to teaching for change. Culturally compelling instruction calls for a substantive shift in how teachers view their students, communities, and what the perspective might mean for students’ future when they have access to alternative learning opportunities. The framework encourages teachers to take a stance and assume responsibility and ownership for their own decisions about the curriculum and instructional delivery. Most prominent is to acquire a depth of understanding of their students’ identities and needs. To represent our vision for culturally compelling instruction we use the lead poisoned water crisis in Flint, Michigan, USA as an illustrative case. Our work provides an example of how a real-world circumstance such as Flint’s may be integrated into content area subjects to frame a culturally compelling instructional practice.
Donʼt Ask Us for Lex. Body Exhibition and Forms of Exclusion
Authors: Merotto Maria Federica
Published: September 2018

The essay deals with the many boundaries set and exceeded by Roman Law when human corporeality is involved. In particular, the focus is on the strict correlation between body expression and socio-juridical marginalization, clearly visible in the case of prostitution in ancient Rome, but also in acting and in fighting in the arenas, activities sharing the same goal as prostitution: they were designed to bring pleasure to the senses. These forms of marginalization differ from the inexorable limit, already decrypted by Roman Law, set by humankindʼs bodily nature to the action of Law: Law is not in the position to “have the last word” on matters concerning human life, on which nature alone can “lay down Law.”
Public Health in Germany: a new “Golden Age”?
Authors: Razum Oliver , Bozorgmehr Kayvan
Published: September 2018

The first “Golden Age” of public health beginning in the 1830s led to major improvements in population health, mainly through advances in hygiene and sanitation but also through social reform. Few decades later, the success of bacteriology as well as the increasing technical and economical potentials of biomedicine backgrounded social approaches. In the 1960s, social epidemiology began to thrive again in the UK. Germany followed with a major delay after the horrific misuse of population health by the Nazi regime. Today, public health in Germany is regaining strength. A renewed focus on basic research (e.g. genomics) and on economic exploitability without effective solutions to political challenges could, however, quickly terminate a second Golden Age.
A review of biogas and an assessment of its economic impact and future role as a renewable energy source
Authors: Lisowyj Michal , Wright Mark Mba
Published: September 2018

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a technology that is gaining popularity because of the need for more renewable energy sources around the world. AD is a complex series of biochemical reactions that ultimately result in the formation of biogas, which is a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide with other trace elements. From large installations to small personal reactors, the underlying basic process is the same, but through research, pretreatments and substrate co-digestion are becoming more popular to enhance biogas production. Reactor design and substrate selection also vary depending on the installation’s location. Biogas cleaning and upgrading help to increase the usability of the gas for multiple applications. The economic viability depends on the location in the world and the available substrate quality and quantity. AD processes rely heavily on government subsidies to stay profitable. In developing countries, AD profitability is not a concern, as this technology provides a way to better human life in these areas. This review presents a detailed look at the AD technology, provides a discussion on the economics of AD, and suggests future studies to enhance the technology.
»Where is Wisdom to be Found?« Rethinking the Song of Songs’ Solomonic Setting
Authors: Heereman Nina Sophie
Published: September 2018

Das Argument, das Hohelied könne nicht symbolisch für Gottes Bundesliebe zu Israel verstanden werden, weil es zur Weisheitsliteratur gehöre, ist anachronistisch und nicht überzeugend. Nach formgeschichtlichen Kriterien gehört das Hohelied nicht zur Weisheitsliteratur. Auch seine kanonische Einordnung unter die Salomonischen Bücher macht es nicht zu einem weisheitlichen Buch. Vielmehr gehört es, wie das mesopotamische Vergleichsmaterial zeigt, in den Bereich der Königsliteratur. Auf diesem Hintergrund kann das Hohelied möglicherweise eine »orthodoxe« israelitische Aneignung des altorientalischen Motivs der Heiligen Hochzeit sein, in dem Israel oder Jerusalem den Platz der Göttin einnimmt, während Salomon – wie jeder altorientalische König – dem Volk als Gottes Stellvertreter gegenübertritt. In diesem Licht gesehen bestätigt sich eine der zentralen Einsichten der Wirkungsgeschichte des Hohenliedes: Es mag doch schon von Anfang die gott-menschliche Bundesliebe besungen haben.
Magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of the coloured Heusler phases GdAg2Mg andREAgAuMg (RE=Gd, Tb, Dy)
Authors: Heletta Lukas , Stein Sebastian , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: September 2018

The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) of the ferromagnetic compound GdAg2Mg [TC=98.3(5) K] was investigated along with its electrical resistivity and the specific heat capacity. The magnetic entropy changes (–ΔSM) as well as the changes in adiabatic temperature (ΔTad) have been calculated from these data. Furthermore, the magnetic susceptibility of the pseudo-quaternary Heusler phases GdAgAuMg, TbAgAuMg and DyAgAuMg [i.e.RE(Ag0.5Au0.5)2Mg] were measured and compared to the data for the pure silver and gold compoundsREAg2Mg andREAu2Mg. The substitution of the transition metal at the crystallographic Wyckoff site 8cinfluences the magnetic ground state of the trivalent rare earth metals and therefore drastically alters the Curie temperatures. The structure of GdAgAuMg was refined from single crystal X-ray diffraction data, revealing a small deviation from the equiatomic composition leading to the refined formula GdAg0.92(6)Au1.08(6)Mg [space groupFm3̅m,Z=4,a=695.03(10) pm,wR2=0.0883, 55F2values, six parameters]. The intermetallic compounds were synthesised in sealed niobium ampoules under high temperature conditions. They have reddish to brassy colour.
Energy Dissipation and Pore Pressure Generation in Stress- and Strain-Controlled Cyclic Triaxial Tests
Authors: Polito Carmine P. , Moldenhauer Henry H. M.
Published: September 2018

The pore pressures generated in soils subjected to cyclic loadings have been shown to be proportional to the energy dissipated in the soil during that loading. Both stress-controlled and strain-controlled cyclic triaxial tests can be used to develop parameters for energy-based pore pressure models; however, the patterns of their energy dissipation into the soil are quite different. In this study, the two patterns of energy-dissipation associated with stress-controlled and strain-controlled cyclic triaxial tests were developed and then confirmed using sixteen stress-controlled and sixteen strain-controlled cyclic triaxial tests. Additionally, it was shown that the patterns of pore-pressure generation for the two tests, which differ greatly when evaluated relative to the cycles of loading, were very similar when evaluated in terms of their energy dissipation.
Hippocampal-Evoked Feedforward Inhibition in the Nucleus Accumbens
Authors: Scudder Samantha L. , Baimel Corey , Macdonald Emma E. , Carter Adam G.
Published: September 2018

The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is critical for motivated behavior and is rewired following exposure to drugs of abuse. Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the NAc express either D1 or D2 receptors and project to distinct downstream targets. Differential activation of these MSNs depends on both excitation from long-range inputs and inhibition via the local circuit. Assessing how long-range excitatory inputs engage inhibitory circuitry is therefore important for understanding NAc function. Here, we use slice electrophysiology and optogenetics to study ventral hippocampal (vHPC)-evoked feedforward inhibition in the NAc of male and female mice. We find that vHPC-evoked excitation is stronger at D1+ than D1− MSNs, whereas inhibition is unbiased at the two cell types. vHPC inputs contact both parvalbumin-positive (PV+) and somatostatin-positive (SOM+) interneurons, but PV+ cells are preferentially activated. Moreover, suppressing PV+ interneurons indicates they are primarily responsible for vHPC-evoked inhibition. Finally, repeated cocaine exposure alters the excitation of D1+ and D1− MSNs, without concomitant changes to inhibition, shifting the excitation/inhibition balance. Together, our results highlight the contributions of multiple interneuron populations to feedforward inhibition in the NAc. Moreover, they demonstrate that inhibition provides a stable backdrop on which drug-evoked changes to excitation occur within this circuit.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGiven the importance of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in reward learning and drug-seeking behaviors, it is critical to understand what controls the activity of cells in this region. While excitatory inputs to projection neurons in the NAc have been identified, it is unclear how the local inhibitory network becomes engaged. Here, we identify a sparse population of interneurons responsible for feedforward inhibition evoked by ventral hippocampal input and characterize their connections within the NAc. We also demonstrate that the balance of excitation and inhibition that projection neurons experience is altered by exposure to cocaine. Together, this work provides insight into the fundamental circuitry of this region as well as the effects of drugs of abuse.
TOM1 Regulates Neuronal Accumulation of Amyloid-β Oligomers by FcγRIIb2 Variant in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Gwon Youngdae , Kam Tae-In , Kim Seo-Hyun , Song Sungmin , Park Hyejin , Lim Bitna , Lee Haneul , Lee Weontae , Jo Dong-Gyu , Jung Yong-Keun
Published: September 2018

Emerging evidences suggest that intraneuronal Aβ correlates with the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and highly contributes to neurodegeneration. However, critical mediator responsible for Aβ uptake in AD pathology needs to be clarified. Here, we report that FcγRIIb2, a variant of Fcγ-receptor IIb (FcγRIIb), functions in neuronal uptake of pathogenic Aβ. Cellular accumulation of oligomeric Aβ1–42,not monomeric Aβ1–42or oligomeric Aβ1–40, was blocked byFcgr2bknock-out in neurons and partially in astrocytes. Aβ1–42internalization was FcγRIIb2 di-leucine motif-dependent and attenuated by TOM1, a FcγRIIb2-binding protein that repressed the receptor recycling. TOM1 expression was downregulated in the hippocampus of male 3xTg-AD mice and AD patients, and regulated by miR-126-3p in neuronal cells after exposure to Aβ1–42. In addition, memory impairments in male 3xTg-AD mice were rescued by the lentiviral administration of TOM1 gene. Augmented Aβ uptake into lysosome caused its accumulation in cytoplasm and mitochondria. Moreover, neuronal accumulation of Aβ in both sexes of 3xTg-AD mice and memory deficits in male 3xTg-AD mice were ameliorated by forebrain-specific expression of Aβ-uptake-defectiveFcgr2bmutant. Our findings suggest that FcγRIIb2 is essential for neuropathic uptake of Aβ in AD.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAccumulating evidences suggest that intraneuronal Aβ is found in the early step of AD brain and is implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. However, the critical mediator involved in these processes is uncertain. Here, we describe that the FcγRIIb2 variant is responsible for both neuronal uptake and intraneuronal distribution of pathogenic Aβ linked to memory deficits in AD mice, showing a pathologic significance of the internalized Aβ. Further, Aβ internalization is attenuated by TOM1, a novel FcγRIIb2-binding protein. Together, we provide a molecular mechanism responsible for neuronal uptake of pathogenic Aβ found in AD.
Graded Transmission without Action Potentials Sustains Rhythmic Activity in Some But Not All Modulators That Activate the Same Current
Authors: Rosenbaum Philipp , Marder Eve
Published: September 2018

Neurons in the central pattern-generating circuits in the crustacean stomatogastric ganglion (STG) release neurotransmitter both as a graded function of presynaptic membrane potential that persists in TTX and in response to action potentials. In the STG of the male crabCancer borealis, the modulators oxotremorine,C. borealistachykinin-related peptide Ia (CabTRP1a), red pigment concentrating hormone (RPCH), proctolin, TNRNFLRFamide, and crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) produce and sustain robust pyloric rhythms by activating the same modulatory current (IMI), albeit on different subsets of pyloric network targets. The muscarinic agonist oxotremorine, and the peptides CabTRP1a and RPCH elicited rhythmic triphasic intracellular alternating fluctuations of activity in the presence of TTX. Intracellular waveforms of pyloric neurons in oxotremorine and CabTRP1a in TTX were similar to those in the intact rhythm, and phase relationships among neurons were conserved. Although cycle frequency was conserved in oxotremorine and TTX, it was altered in CabTRP1a in the presence of TTX. Both rhythms were primarily driven by the pacemaker kernel consisting of the Anterior Burster and Pyloric Dilator neurons. In contrast, in TTX the circuit remained silent in proctolin, TNRNFLRFamide, and CCAP. These experiments show that graded synaptic transmission in the absence of voltage-gated Na+current is sufficient to sustain rhythmic motor activity in some, but not other, modulatory conditions, even when each modulator activates the same ionic current. This further demonstrates that similar rhythmic motor patterns can be produced by qualitatively different mechanisms, one that depends on the activity of voltage-gated Na+channels, and one that can persist in their absence.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe pyloric rhythm of the crab stomatogastric ganglion depends both on spike-mediated and graded synaptic transmission. We activate the pyloric rhythm with a wide variety of different neuromodulators, all of which converge on the same voltage-dependent inward current. Interestingly, when action potentials and spike-mediated transmission are blocked using TTX, we find that the muscarinic agonist oxotremorine and the neuropeptide CabTRP1a sustain rhythmic alternations and appropriate phases of activity in the absence of action potentials. In contrast, TTX blocks rhythmic activity in the presence of other modulators. This demonstrates fundamental differences in the burst-generation mechanisms in different modulators that would not be suspected on the basis of their cellular actions at the level of the targeted current.
Kejadian Demam Tifoid di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pagiyanten
Authors: Ulfa Farissa , Handayani Oktia Woro Kasmini
Published: September 2018

ABSTRAK

Kasus demam tifoid di Kabupaten Tegal pada tahun 2016 yaitu sebanyak 11.387 kasus dan Puskesmas Pagiyanten merupakan puskesmas dengan jumlah kasus demam tifoid tertinggi yaitu sebanyak 377 kasus. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian demam tifoid di Puskesmas Pagiyanten Kabupaten Tegal.  Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi case control dengan sampel sebesar 43 kasus dan 43 kontrol. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar kuesioner. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil yang didapatkan faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian demam tifoid meliputi kebiasaan makan di luar rumah (p-value=0,001), kebiasaan mencuci tangan sebelum makan (p-value=0,02), kebiasaan mencuci tangan setelah BAB (p-value=0,04), kebiasaan mencuci bahan makanan mentah (p-value=0,007), dan jamban sehat (p-value=0,04). Simpulan penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan antara kebiasaan makan di luar rumah, kebiasaan mencuci tangan sebelum makan, kebiasaan mencuci tangan setelah BAB. kebiasaan mencuci bahan makanan mentah, dan jamban sehat dengan kejadian demam tifoid di Puskesmas Pagiyanten Kabupaten Tegal.

 

Kata Kunci: Faktor Risiko, Demam Tifoid

 

ABSTRACT

Typhoid fever in Tegal regency in 2016 were 11,387 cases, and Puskesmas Pagiyanten with the highest number of cases of typhoid fever of 377 cases. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with the incidence of typhoid fever in Puskesmas Pagiyanten Tegal regency. The research used case control study with 43 cases and 43 controls. The instrument used is a questionnaire. The data were analyzed by univariate and bivariate using chi-square test. The results of factors related to the occurrence of typhoid fever include eating habits outside the home (p-value=0.001), hand washing before eating habits (p-value=0.02), hand washing habit after defecate (p-value=0.04), the habit of washing raw food (p-value=0,007), and healthy latrines (p-value=0,04). The conclusion of this research is there is a relationship between eating habits outside the home, the habit of washing hands before eating, habit of washing hands after defecate, the habit of washing raw food, and healthy latrines with the incidence of typhoid fever in Puskesmas Pagiyanten Kabupaten Tegal.

Keywords: Risk Factors, Typhoid Fever