bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk of Recurrent Stroke and Mortality Among Black and White Patients With Poststroke Depression
Authors: Gomberg Jack , Stein Laura K. , Dhamoon Mandip S.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Poststroke depression (PSD) is a treatable and common complication of stroke that is underdiagnosed and undertreated in minority populations. We compared outcomes of Black and White patients with PSD in the United States to assess whether race is independently associated with the risk of recurrent stroke and mortality.

METHODS:

We used deidentified Medicare data from inpatient, outpatient, and subacute nursing facilities for Black and White US patients from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2019, to perform this retrospective cohort analysis.
International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision
codes were used to identify patients diagnosed with depression within 6 months of index stroke with no depression diagnosis 1-year preceding index stroke. We performed an unadjusted Kaplan-Meier analysis of the cumulative risk of recurrent stroke up to 3 years after index acute ischemic stroke admission and all-cause mortality following acute ischemic stroke stratified by Black and White race. We performed adjusted and reduced Cox regression to calculate hazard ratios for the main predictor of race (Black versus White), for recurrent stroke and all-cause mortality, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, characteristics of the hospitalization, and acute stroke interventions.

RESULTS:

Of 474 770 Medicare patients admitted with acute index stroke, 443 486 were categorized as either Black or White race and 35 604 fulfilled our criteria for PSD. Within the PSD cohort, 25 451 (71.5%) had no death or recurrent stroke within 6 months and 5592 (15.7%) had no death or readmission of any cause within 6 months. Black patients with PSD had a persistently elevated cumulative risk of recurrent stroke compared with White patients with PSD up to 3 years following acute ischemic stroke (log-rank
P
=0.0011). In our reduced multivariable model, Black patients had a 19.8% (hazard ratio, 1.198 [95% CI, 1.022–1.405];
P
=0.0259) greater risk of recurrent stroke than White patients. The unadjusted cumulative risk of all-cause mortality was higher in this cohort of older White patients with PSD compared with Black patients; however, this difference disappeared with adjustment for age and other cofactors.

CONCLUSIONS:

Black patients with PSD face a persistently elevated risk of recurrent stroke compared with White patients but a similar risk of all-cause mortality. Our findings support that black race is an independent predictor of recurrent stroke in patients with PSD and highlight the need to address social determinants of health and systemic racism that impact poststroke outcomes among racial minorities.
Graph theory-based analysis reveals neural anatomical network alterations in chronic post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Huang Chuan , Hagan Thomas , Kritikos Minos , Suite Daniel , Zhao Tianyun , Carr Melissa A. , Meija-Santiago Stephanie , Invernizzi Azzurra , Horton Megan , Lucchini Roberto G. , Bromet Evelyn J. , Kotov Roman , Clouston Sean A. P. , Luft Benjamin J.
Published: April 2024

Multimodal imaging using network connectivity techniques shows promise for investigating neuropathology influencing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptom maintenance and course. We recruited World Trade Center (WTC) responders who continued to suffer from chronic PTSD into a diffusion tensor neuroimaging protocol (n = 100), along with nine unexposed controls without PTSD from other sources. Using a graph theory approach to probe network alterations in brain diffusion images, we calculated weighted characteristics path length (wCPL) as a surrogate marker for the effective neuroanatomical distance between anatomical nodes. The sample (N = 109; 47 with chronic PTSD) was in their mid-fifties, and the majority were male. Responders were matched in terms of cognitive performance, occupation, and demographics. The anatomical connectivity graph was constructed for each participant using deterministic diffusion tractography. We identified a significant difference in wCPL between trauma-exposed WTC responders (Cohen’s d = 0.42, p < 0.001) that was highest in people with PTSD, and not explained by WTC exposure severity or duration. We also found that wCPL was associated with PTSD symptom severity in responders with PTSD. In the largest study to date to examine the relationship between chronic PTSD and anatomy, we examined the anatomical topography of neural connections and found that wCPL differed between the PTSD+ and PTSD- diagnostic categories.
Economic Sanctions against Russia: Questions of Legality and Legitimacy
Authors: Hayashi Mika , Yamaguchi Akihiro
Published: April 2024

Despite the apparent aggression by Russia against Ukraine, the legality of the autonomous (‘non-UN’) economic sanctions against Russia remains uncertain. Measures adopted as sanctions are generally assumed to be lawful by those states imposing such sanctions. The same sanctions are denounced as illegal by Russia and also by a number of other states. The question of legitimacy of these sanctions is also divisive. As the main criticism of these sanctions pertains to their ‘unilateral’ nature, an initial response to such criticism is to attempt to present sanctions as actually being collective UN sanctions. However, assimilating autonomous economic sanctions to collective sanctions under UN auspices is an untenable argument. Another justification proposed is labelling the sanctions as so-called ‘third-party countermeasures.’ However, the debate on the entitlement of third states to take countermeasures remains inconclusive. Moreover, there is no evidence that states imposing sanctions against Russia rely on such legal justification.
The Non-Believing Jew: A Historical Survey of Judaism’s Engagement with Atheism
Authors: Langton Daniel R.
Published: April 2024

How important is atheism for Jewish history and Jews for the history of atheism? Modern Jewish histories have tended to focus on Jewish secularization rather than atheism, and historical surveys of atheism in the West have tended to neglect the Jewish experience which is subsumed in the Judeo-Christian tradition. It is possible to make the case that the secularization narrative privileges social change over Jewish intellectual engagement with non-belief, and that just as Jewish and Christian conceptions of theism differ, so do their atheisms. Jewish historical attitudes towards atheism are complicated and have shifted over time. Here, skeptical tendencies, that is, attitudes and ideas that would be associated later with atheism, will be considered alongside claims about atheism per se.
Introduction
Authors: Maguire Muireann , McAteer Cathy
Published: April 2024

In the introduction to Translating Russian Literature in a Global Context, the editors explain the key notions, questions, and methodological theories that underpin this volume. Our introduction addresses the function of Russian literature as a global vehicle for Soviet soft power during the Cold War, contrasting this open market with the subsequent reception of post-Soviet writing internationally. It briefly discusses the uncertain future of literary translation from Russian, following Russia's invasion of Ukraine. The editors situate this survey within a brief historiography of the academic study of Russian literary translation. We conclude with an overview of those countries and regions which will be discussed in dedicated sections of the edited volume, explaining why we were not able to commission essays on every part of the globe.
Mariia Olsuf’eva
Authors: Sicari Ilaria
Published: April 2024

The Iron Curtain was extremely permeable to cultural objects, as demonstrated by the birth and development in the late Fifties of tamizdat, a transnational publishing practice that managed to overcome these boundaries. Following the publication of the first Italian tamizdat in 1957––Boris Pasternak’s Doctor Zhivago––a stream of uncensored Soviet literary texts began to flow unstoppably and clandestinely from the USSR into the catalogues of Italian publishing houses.

This essay aims to outline translators’ role in the dissemination of unofficial Soviet literature in Italy, and in the creation of a network of transnational cultural exchanges. As an illustration of how translators functioned as cultural actors in transmitting these texts, I will discuss the contribution by Mariia Olsuf’eva (1907-1988) to the diffusion of unofficial Soviet literature in Italy. Moreover, through in-depth sociological analysis of the documents of her personal archives as well as those of selected Italian publishing houses (Mondadori, Il Saggiatore), my reconstruction of Olsuf’eva’s microhistory will allow us to assess the translator’s contribution to the transnational socialization of these texts, in this case by creating a transnational community of cultural and social actors.
Tolstoy Embracing Tamil
Authors: Kumar Venkatesh
Published: April 2024

This essay begins with a personal insight into the achievements of my grandfather, Rao Sahib K Kothandapani Pillai. Born in 1896 at Andalur Semmangudi village in South India, Kothandapani Pillai is celebrated as the earliest Tamil writer to take the initiative of translating Tolstoy’s works into Tamil. A diplomat who read Tolstoy for pleasure, Kothandapani Pillai translated three stories––Two Old Men’ (‘Dva starika’, 1885), ‘How Much Land Does A Man Need?’ (‘Mnogo li cheloveku zemli nuzhno?’, 1886), and ‘A Lost Opportunity’ (‘Upustish’ ogon’––ne potushish’, 1885)––published in 1932 in Kadhaimanikkovai (Stories from Tolstoy), an academic textbook for primary-school children. The second part of this essay examines my grandfather’s translator-successors who, between 1930-1970, continued to produce Tamil translations of Tolstoy and other authors such as Maksim Gorky, Fedor Dostoevsky and Anton Chekhov, for Progress and Raduga publishers in Moscow.
Traces of the Influence of Russian Literary Translations on Turkish Literature of the 1900s
Authors: Arslan Hülya
Published: April 2024

When Turkey became a republic in 1923, modernist and progressive policies gained momentum in Turkish society, stimulating the creation of a new cultural repertoire inclusive of global literature in translation. Turkish policymakers hoped that other nations’ literatures would contribute to updating and refreshing Turkish culture and society. Although the translation activities carried out systematically for this purpose under the auspices of Turkey’s newly founded, state-run Translation Bureau in the 1940s were short-lived, their traces in Turkish literature have proved significant and lasting. This essay will scrutinize the lives and contributions of those Turkish translators employed by the Bureau, as well as offering an overview of twentieth-century Turkish translations of Russian literature.
Investigating Arctic Cyclone–Tropopause Polar Vortex Interactions with Idealized Observing System Simulation Experiments
Authors: Bray Matthew T. , Cavallo Steven M.
Published: April 2024

Arctic cyclones (ACs) are a primary driver of surface weather in the Arctic, contributing to heat and moisture transport and forcing short-term sea ice variability. Still, our understanding of the processes that drive ACs, particularly their large scales and long lifetimes, is limited. ACs are commonly associated with one or more cyclonic tropopause polar vortices (TPVs), potential vorticity (PV) anomalies in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere that may spur baroclinic development in the surface system, though the exact processes that link the two have yet to be fully explored. In this study, we investigate physical links between TPVs, especially their mesoscale structure and moisture profiles, and ACs with idealized observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs). Starting with a nature run, we simulate different types of dropsonde observations over a TPV during the nascent phase of a nearby AC. The Model for Prediction Across Scales (MPAS) and the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART) ensemble adjustment Kalman filter are then used to run experiments to test the impact of these detailed TPV observations. In addition to a control, five main experiments are conducted, assimilating new observations of temperature and humidity. All experiments reduce forecast errors at the surface and throughout the troposphere. Additional humidity observations alter vertical PV distributions, which in turn impact the development of the AC. Experiments with additional temperature observations exhibit improvements in TPV structure and surrounding PV features and produce stronger surface cyclones with skillful TPV forecasts for up to 36 h longer than the control.

Significance Statement

Arctic cyclones (ACs) are a weather feature that can produce high winds, precipitation, and changes to sea ice cover in the Arctic. As a result, forecasting these storms accurately is important for human and economic interests in the region; however, there are currently gaps in our understanding of how ACs strengthen and persist. In this study, we explore potential links between ACs and weather features higher up in the atmosphere called tropopause polar vortices (TPVs) using computer modeling experiments. This study shows that there are important connections between the characteristics of TPVs and the development of ACs. These findings will be useful for making more accurate forecasts of future events and advancing our knowledge of how sea ice changes relate to the atmosphere.
Social Mobility and Single Women’s Marriage Dilemma in Urban China
Authors: Gaetano Arianne M.
Published: April 2024

In contemporary China, social mobility creates an ethical conundrum for single women, who wish to marry without compromising their modern ambitions and filial intentions. Both women and men in China’s largest cities have been postponing marriage in recent decades, increasing the percentage of the never-married population. Failure to marry at the proper time and in the right way violates cultural standards for moral personhood and thus is negatively sanctioned by society. Moreover, women bear greater pressure to marry, and in a timely fashion, than do men. Their marriage prospects decrease as their age and status increase; highly educated single women especially have been stigmatized as “leftover” or unmarriageable. Simultaneously, their educational and professional achievements correspond to refined aspirations for their future, along with resources to delay marriage until they meet a soulmate who fulfills their expectations. Interviews with highly educated single women in Shanghai demonstrate how they contended with the gender contradictions of social mobility. Remaining single by chance or by choice incited societal scrutiny, parental pressure, and personal anguish, but also prompted critical reflection on unequal marriage and gender norms, and sparked shifts in subjectivity. Paradoxically, social mobility reduced single women’s marital prospects yet accorded them the means to envision and forge alternative life paths that challenge patriarchal gender prescriptions.
The Role of Procalcitonin in Predicting Failure of Non-operative Management in Bowel Obstructions
Authors: Gee Kaylan N. , Clegg Devin J. , Salomon Brett J. , Rowe Anthony Shaun , McKnight Lindsay C.
Published: April 2024

Procalcitonin has been investigated as a marker for bowel ischemia. This study examined the role of procalcitonin in predicting failure of non-operative management (NOM) in bowel obstructions. Patients with bowel obstructions at a single center from August 2022 to January 2023 were prospectively enrolled (n = 79). Lactic acid (LA) and procalcitonin were collected after surgical consultation. The primary outcome was success or failure of NOM. Univariate analysis, multivariable logistic regression, and performance measures of procalcitonin and LA in predicting bowel ischemia was performed. Of 79 patients included, 48 (61%) required operative intervention during index admission. There were no significant differences in demographics, comorbidities, procalcitonin, nor LA between groups. Time from last bowel movement was associated with failure of NOM (OR 1.03 [95% CI 1.01-1.06]; P = .008), though initial procalcitonin or LA was not. Procalcitonin >.3 ng/mL had acceptable sensitivity in screening for bowel ischemia.
Time to Mobility Is Associated With Pulmonary Complications in Patients With Spine Fractures
Authors: Jackson Michael L. , Thomas Samuel C. , Joyner Matthew R. , Hu Mengjie , Larry Lee Yann-Leei , Capasso Thomas , Polite Nathan M. , Kinnard Christopher M. , Mbaka Maryann I. , Williams Ashley , Simmons Jon D. , Butts Charles C.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Treatment of spine fractures may require periods of prolonged immobilization which prevents effective pulmonary toileting. We hypothesized that patients with longer time to mobilization, as measured by time to first physical therapy (PT) session, would have higher pulmonary complications.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of all trauma patients with cervical and thoracolumbar spinal fractures admitted to a level 1 trauma center over a 12-month period. Demographic data collection included age, gender, BMI, pulmonary comorbidities, concomitant rib fractures, admission GCS, Injury Severity Score (ISS), GCS at 24 h, treatment with cervical or thoracolumbar immobilization, and time to first PT evaluation. The primary outcome was the presence of any one of the following complications: unplanned intubation, pneumonia, or mortality at 30 days. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess significant predictors of pulmonary complication.

Results

In total, 491 patients were identified. In terms of overall pulmonary complications, 10% developed pneumonia, 13% had unplanned intubation, and 6% died within 30 days. In total, 19% developed one or more complication. Overall, 25% of patients were seen by PT <48 h, 33% between 48 and 96 h, 19% at 96 h to 1 week, and 7% > 1 week. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that time to PT session (OR 1.010, 95% CI 1.005-1.016) and ISS (OR 1.063, 95% CI 1.026-1.102) were independently associated with pulmonary complication.

Conclusion

Time to mobility is independently associated with pulmonary complications in patients with spine fractures.
Outcomes of Simultaneous Versus Staged Resection for Stage IV Colorectal Cancer with Synchronous Liver Metastases
Authors: Kim Harry H. , Nguyen Nghiem H. , Yang Claire J. , Tam Michael S. , Leung Anna M. , Attaluri Vikram
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Management of stage IV colorectal cancer with synchronous liver metastases remains debated, as colorectal and liver resections can be performed simultaneously or staged apart.

Objective

This study aims to determine any demographic or outcome differences between simultaneous and staged resection.

Participants

Retrospective review was performed on patients diagnosed with synchronous colorectal primary and liver metastases within Southern California Kaiser Permanente (KP) hospitals between 2010 and 2020. Patients with other metastases on diagnosis or those who did not receive both primary and liver resections were excluded. Demographic and outcome data were collected and analyzed.

Results

Of the 113 patients who met criteria, 72 (63.7%) received simultaneous and 41 (36.3%) received staged resection. Demographic data were comparable between simultaneous and staged resection, respectively, including median age of diagnosis, sex, and race. Both groups had similar median length of stay, percentage of major colorectal resection, and percentage of major liver resection. Both groups also had similar rates of radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. There were no statistically significant difference in complications rates, median follow-up time, median overall survival, and median disease-free survival.

Conclusions

Practice patterns within Southern California KP hospitals favor minor colorectal and liver resections. However, there were no significant differences in demographics, treatment rates, or outcomes between simultaneous and staged resection. While not statistically significant, our findings of a 11.9% higher major liver resection rate and 7.5-month longer median disease-free survival in the staged resection group may benefit from further study with higher power datasets.
Management of Extraperitoneal Bladder Injuries in Patients With Pelvic Fractures
Authors: Byars Virginia H. , Byerly Saskya E. , Dong Caroline T. , Lenart Emily K. , Evans Cory R. , Kerwin Andrew J. , Filiberto Dina M.
Published: April 2024

Background

The management of extraperitoneal bladder injuries (EBIs) when present with concomitant pelvic fractures is controversial. Current evidence is divided between supporting non-operative management with catheter drainage compared to operative management of bladder injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate current management of EBI in the setting of pelvic fractures at our institution. We hypothesize there is no difference between operative and non-operative groups.

Methods

Retrospective review of patients with concomitant bladder injuries and pelvic fractures at a level 1 trauma center from 2017 to 2022 was performed. Demographics, injury characteristics, management strategies, and complications were collected. Patients were stratified by management (cystorrhaphy vs non-operative) and compared.

Results

Of 90 patients with bladder injuries and pelvic fractures, 50 patients (56%) presented with EBI, 26 patients (29%) presented with only intraperitoneal injuries, and 14 patients (16%) presented with a combined injury. Of patients with EBI, 18 (36%) underwent cystorrhaphy and 32 (64%) underwent non-operative management. There was no difference in demographics, orthopedic pelvic operative intervention, length of stay, or mortality between groups. Patients in the operative cohort had more bladder leaks [7 (39%) vs 4 (13%), P = .0406], compared to those in the non-operative cohort. Composite complications [7 (39%) vs 7 (22%), P = .1984] were similar between groups.

Conclusions

Patients with EBI and pelvic fractures who underwent cystorrhaphy had more bladder leaks on follow-up imaging, although there was no difference in composite complications, when compared to those who underwent non-operative management.
Non-Destructive and Non-Invasive Approaches for the Identification of Hydroxy Lead–Calcium Phosphate Solid Solutions ((PbxCa1−x)5(PO4)3OH) in Cultural Heritage Materials
Authors: Costantino Claudio , Monico Letizia , Rosi Francesca , Vivani Riccardo , Romani Aldo , Colocho Hurtarte Luis Carlos , Villalobos-Portillo Eduardo , Sahle Christoph J. , Huthwelker Thomas , Dejoie Catherine , Burghammer Manfred , Cotte Marine
Published: April 2024

Lead–calcium phosphates are unusual compounds sometimes found in different kinds of cultural heritage objects. Structural and physicochemical properties of this family of materials, which fall into the hydroxypyromorphite–hydroxyapatite solid solution, or (Pb xCa1− x)5(PO4)3OH, have received considerable attention during the last few decades for promising applications in different fields of environmental and material sciences, but their diagnostic implications in the cultural heritage context have been poorly explored. This paper aims to provide a clearer understanding of the relationship between compositional and structural properties of the peculiar series of (Pb xCa1− x)5(PO4)3OH solid solutions and to determine key markers for their proper non-destructive and non-invasive identification in cultural heritage samples and objects. For this purpose, a systematic study of powders and paint mock-ups made up of commercial and in-house synthesized (Pb xCa1− x)5(PO4)3OH compounds with a different Pb2+/Ca2+ ratio was carried out via a multi-technique approach based on scanning electron microscopy, synchrotron radiation-based X-ray techniques, i.e., X-ray powder diffraction and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy at the Ca K- and P K-edges, and vibrational spectroscopy methods, i.e., micro-Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The spectral modifications observed in the hydroxypyromorphite–hydroxyapatite solid solution series are discussed, by assessing the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed techniques and by providing reference data and optimized approaches for future non-destructive and non-invasive applications to study cultural heritage objects and samples.
Conservatism Negatively Predicts Creativity: A Study Across 28 Countries
Authors: Groyecka-Bernard Agata , Sorokowski Piotr , Karwowski Maciej , Roberts S. Craig , Aavik Toivo , Akello Grace , Alm Charlotte , Amjad Naumana , Asao Kelly , Atama Chiemezie S. , Atamtürk Duyar Derya , Ayebare Richard , Batres Carlota , Bensafia Aicha , Bertoni Anna , Bizumic Boris , Boussena Mahmoud , Buss David M. , Butovskaya Marina , Can Seda , Carrier Antonin , Cetinkaya Hakan , Conroy-Beam Daniel , Varella Marco Antonio Correa , Croy Ilona , Cueto Rosa María , Czerwonka Marta , Czub Marcin , Donato Silvia , Dronova Daria , Dural Seda , Duyar Izzet , Ertugrul Berna , Espinosa Agustín , Esteves Carla Sofia , Frackowiak Tomasz , Gajda Aleksandra , Galewska-Kustra Marta , Contreras Graduño Jorge , Guemaz Farida , Hromatko Ivana , Hui Chin-Ming , Herak Iskra , Iafrate Raffaella , Jaafar Jas Laile , Jankowska Dorota M. , Jiang Feng , Kafetsios Konstantinos , Kavčič Tina , Kervyn Nicolas O. , Köbis Nils C. , Lebuda Izabela , Lennard Georgina R. , León Ernesto , Lindholm Torun , Madallh Alhabahba Mohammad , Manesi Zoi , McKerchar Sarah L. , Misra Girishwar , Monaghan Conal , Mora Emanuel C. , Moya-Garófano Alba , Musil Bojan , Natividade Jean Carlos , Nizharadze George , Oberzaucher Elisabeth , Oleszkiewicz Anna , Omar Fauzee Mohd Sofian , Onyishi Ike E. , Özener Baris , Pazhoohi Farid , Perun Mariia , Pisanski Annette , Pisanski Katarzyna , Ponciano Edna Lúcia Tinoco , Popa Camelia , Prokop Pavol , Rizwan Muhammad , Salkičević Svjetlana , Schmehl Susanne , Senyk Oksana , Sharad Shivantika , Simonetti Franco , Tadinac Meri , Ugalde González Karina , Uhryn Olha , Vauclair Christin-Melanie , Vega Diego , Weremczuk-Marczyńska Ewa , Ajeng Widarini Dwi , Yoo Gyesook , Zupančič Maja , Anjum Afifa , Shahid Anam , Sorokowska Agnieszka
Published: April 2024

Previous studies have found a negative relationship between creativity and conservatism. However, as these studies were mostly conducted on samples of homogeneous nationality, the generalizability of the effect across different cultures is unknown. We addressed this gap by conducting a study in 28 countries. Based on the notion that attitudes can be shaped by both environmental and ecological factors, we hypothesized that parasite stress can also affect creativity and thus, its potential effects should be controlled for. The results of multilevel analyses showed that, as expected, conservatism was a significant predictor of lower creativity, adjusting for economic status, age, sex, education level, subjective susceptibility to disease, and country-level parasite stress. In addition, most of the variability in creativity was due to individual rather than country-level variance. Our study provides evidence for a weak but significant negative link between conservatism and creativity at the individual level (β = −0.08, p < .001) and no such effect when country-level conservatism was considered. We present our hypotheses considering previous findings on the behavioral immune system in humans.
Examining the role of ChatGPT in promoting health behaviors and lifestyle changes among cancer patients
Authors: Alanezi Fahad
Published: April 2024

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the role of ChatGPT in promoting health behavioral changes among cancer patients. Methods: A quasi-experiment design with qualitative approach was adopted in this study, as the ChatGPT technology is novel, and many people are unaware of it. The participants included outpatients at a public hospital. An experiment was carried out, where the participants used ChatGPT for seeking cancer related information for two weeks, which is then followed by focus group (FG) discussions. A total of 72 outpatients participated in ten focus groups. Results: Three main themes with 14 sub-themes were identified reflecting the role of ChatGPT in promoting health behavior changes. Its prominent role was observed in developing health literacy, promoting self-management of conditions through emotional, informational, motivational support. Three challenges including privacy, lack of personalization, and reliability issues were identified. Conclusion: Although ChatGPT has a huge potential in promoting health behavior changes among cancer patients, its ability is minimized by several factors such as regulatory, reliability, and privacy issues. There is a need for further evidence to generalize the results across the regions.
The social lives of rental proptech: Entanglements between capitalist, care and techno-utopian values
Authors: Maalsen Sophia , Rogers Dallas , Wolifson Peta
Published: April 2024

Housing’s value is contested, with discussions including the economic value of housing through literature on assetisation and financialisation, social value in debates about housing as a human right, value capture in infrastructure development, and the value of housing for social reproduction. With this in mind, we engage with the various ways housing, tenants and Proptech are valued by tenant advocates, real estate professionals, and proptech developers in Sydney, Australia. This is not as a reductive exercise to find ‘the value’ of housing or Proptech, but to recognise and engage with the ways various social, digital and financial valuations of housing, tenants and digital technologies inform a situated and relational politics of Proptech value. As such we advance a ‘more-than-political’ economy of Proptech. To illustrate this conceptual case, we discuss three regimes of rental Proptech value in Australia – capitalist and economic regimes; social capital through an ethic of care; and techno-utopian values, where technology is deployed on the basis that it will solve a presumed problem. Our empirical focus is on the application of Proptech to longer-term rental market, which is emerging in less visible ways than its highly contested counterparts in the short-term rental sector.
Grounded desires: Grazing regime, desires, and development in a Diné community
Authors: Lister Majerle
Published: April 2024

This article highlights the demands for development within the Diné community of Shonto in 2017. Using interviews with Shonto community members, I center the voices and desires of those most affected by development. Shonto is the site of conjuncture of a grazing regime that limits land use and a history of development that produces conflicting community desires for infrastructure, employment, and traditional livestock practices. Despite the plural views of development, community members express a collective desire for Diné continuity and self- determination. My research demonstrates that Diné desires for development are not monolithic but are grounded in land histories, a sense of shared collective continuity, and Diné self- determination. I draw upon Eve Tuck’s generative work on Native desire to demonstrate that land histories, in the form of a grazing regime and histories of development, inform Native desires for development. I argue that Native desires are grounded in historical and everyday land use and relations. These grounded desires center the lived-experiences of Natives in relation to development, colonial land regimes, and traditional practices. Moreover, these grounded desires draw from the daily lives and experiences of Native people to provide open narratives that do not impose expectations on Native peoples or their desires.
Influence of cardioplegic solution on incidence of acute kidney injury after coronary artery bypass surgery procedure: del Nido cardioplegia versus Histidine‐Tryptophan‐Ketoglutarate solution: Insight of kidney disease improving global outcomes criteria
Authors: Wang Lei , Dai QiongYan , Hu Lanxin , Yang Ting , Chen Xin , Wang XiaoLiang
Published: April 2024

Introduction

We set out to investigate whether the use of Histidine‐Tryptophan‐Ketoglutarate (HTK) solution or del Nido cardioplegia is linked to an increased incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG).

Methods

A retrospective study was carried out at our center, with a total of 478 patients included in the analysis. Among them, 268 patients were administered the del Nido solution (DN) while 210 patients received the HTK solution. The primary focus of this study was to assess the occurrence of postoperative AKI and the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT). Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between the type of cardioplegia used and adverse kidney outcomes. Additionally, serum levels of sodium, potassium, and ionized calcium were monitored during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

Results

The incidence of AKI was significantly higher in the HTK group compared to the DN group [(48/220 (21.81%) vs. 24/186 (12.90%), p = .049], although the rate of RRT did not show a statistically significant difference (9/48, 18.75% vs. 6/24, 25%, p = .538). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that HTK was a significant risk factor for AKI. Furthermore, serum sodium and calcium levels were found to decrease following HTK cardioplegic infusion. Conclusion: Our study provides compelling evidence of the impact of cardioplegic solutions on postoperative AKI rates. It underscores the importance of optimizing cardiac arrest protocols. These findings warrant further prospective investigations into the influence of cardioplegic solutions on electrolyte imbalances and postoperative AKI rates.
Soundproofing properties of open- cell microcellular polyurethane foam containing styrene-grafted polyester polyol
Authors: Omrani Ismail , Mohammadi Berenjegani Reza , Sharghi Asbagh Ehsan , Yeganeh Hamid
Published: April 2024

Both soundproofing and mechanical strength present significant challenges in the context of sound-insulating materials. Herein, to take advantage of higher intermolecular interactions of ester groups, a soundproofing open-cell Microcellular Polyurethane Foam (MPUF) was developed using polymer-grafted polyester polyol (POP) and saturated polyester polyol. The POP was synthesized by grafting polystyrene on unsaturated polyester polyol (UNPES) in a saturated polyester polyol media. The amount of styrene monomer and UNPES were changed and the POP with optimum properties was selected. The successful synthesis of POP was approved by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The spherical morphology of selected POP with a diameter of about 500 nm was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. MPUFs containing different amounts of POP (10, 30, 50, and 100 %) as polyester polyol parts were prepared. It was found that mechanical properties including tensile strength: 3500 KPa, elongation at break%: 350% and soundproofing properties with acoustic activity of 0.72 were obtained when the POP content of the MPUF was fixed at 30%. The cell-opening behavior of POP in polyester-based MPUF was studied using SEM. It was found that the average of the open cells’ size and their population were increased as the POP content increased. Such MPUFs can be effective in successful mechanical and acoustic damping in the automotive industry.
Graphene oxide as 2D flexible anti-settling agent for high-performance titanate whisker/cardanol-based epoxy anticorrosion coatings
Authors: Tang Yangyang , Li Daqian , Chu Liangyong , Wu Jian , Shen Liming , Bao Ningzhong
Published: April 2024

Titanate whiskers/cardanol-based epoxy coatings with ultra-high anticorrosion performance using graphene oxide (GO) as a 2D lightweight anti-settling agent were prepared. The influence of GO on the filler dispersion, sedimentation, corrosion resistance, and mechanical properties of sodium iron titanate whisker/cardanol-based epoxy coatings was studied. FT-IR, TGA, Raman spectroscopy, optical microscopy, and SEM have been used to characterize the chemical ingredients and morphologies of the coatings. It was found that the addition of GO significantly influenced the dispersibility of titanate whiskers in the resin. A small amount of GO (<0.3 wt.%) increased the aggregation of titanate whiskers, resulting in decreased mechanical and anticorrosion properties. Meanwhile, an optimized amount of GO (0.5 wt.%) effectively reduced the aggregation and sedimentation of titanate whiskers. This interesting correlation was explained by the dual functions of resin-thickening and filler-packing of GO. Therefore, bio-based epoxy coatings with significantly enhanced barrier, mechanical, and adhesion properties were prepared. The impedance modulus at 0.01 Hz remained above 1010 Ω·cm2 after immersing in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for 300 days. This study constitutes the first report on applying GO as an anti-settling agent for titanate whisker/epoxy coatings, which is crucial for anticorrosion coatings as well as the GO industry.
Crafting Compelling Argumentative Writing for Undergraduates: Exploring the Nexus of Digital Annotations, Conversational Agents, and Collaborative Concept Maps
Authors: Sandra Randi Proska , Hwang Wu-Yuin , Zafirah Afifah , Hariyanti Uun , Engkizar Engkizar , Hadi Ahmaddul , Fauzan Ahmad
Published: April 2024

Argumentative writing is a fundamental aspect of undergraduate students’ academic and scientific writing related to critical thinking and problem-solving skills. However, previous studies have shown that students face various difficulties with argumentative writing, such as unclear and illogical ideas, less-structured arguments, and unbalanced interpretation of issues, data, and evidence. This study aims to improve the argumentative writing skills of undergraduate students by integrating computer-supported argumentative writing tools, such as annotation, conversational agents (CAs), and collaborative concept maps, into an online learning management system. Since the study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, these tools can support meaningful learning activities and investigation in argumentative writing. The researchers divided sixty participants into the experimental group ( N = 30) and the control group ( N = 30). The results showed that the experimental group’s writing achievements outperformed the control group, and the three tools effectively improved the five elements of argumentative writing, including claims, grounds, warrants, backings, and rebuttal. Furthermore, a deep analysis found that the number of annotations, valid CAs’ responses, and argument nodes on collaborative concept maps can significantly predict students’ argumentative writing development. Moreover, students perceived that the incorporated tools could effectively improve their argumentative writing skills.
Accumulation by Dispossession and the Truism of Urban Regeneration
Authors: Ibrahim Abdul-Salam , Abubakari Mohammed , Cobbinah Patrick Brandful , Kuuire Vincent
Published: April 2024

This article advances an understanding of urban regeneration shaped by accumulation by dispossession theory. Using available urban regeneration scholarship, we examine the framings and outcomes of urban regeneration projects and community responses. This analysis contributes to understanding urban regeneration thinking in global South cities, and the neoliberal strategies that make them attractive to state actors and problematic for vulnerable urban residents. The analysis focuses on Sub-Saharan African cities—a region where informality is dominant and urban regeneration is common. The findings indicate that the dispossession dynamics and consequences of urban regeneration reflect the globalization of neoliberal strategies facilitated by the state.
“It's Not Just About the Outfits”: Fashioning Gender, Race, and Class on #RushTok
Authors: Lehto Brewster Maureen
Published: April 2024

This manuscript analyzes outfit of the day (OOTD) content on TikTok to consider how the style-fashion-dress and social media practices in the digital sociality known as “RushTok” (re)produce gender, race, and class norms in Panhellenic sororities. I used feminist virtual ethnography to explore 97 OOTD videos produced during the 2022 Panhellenic sorority recruitment cycle. I followed the concept of the sorority girl around this data to map her emergence and effects in the RushTok sociality. I find that RushTok OOTDs remediate practices from traditional fashion media, and that the style-fashion-dress practices in this sociality emphasize luxury branding, highly feminine but conservative styles, and bodily discipline. These are (re)shaped by spatial and algorithmic logics, which privilege enactments of the sorority girl that (re)produce the White, wealthy, cisfeminine ideal. The logics of Panhellenic sororities intra-act with the TikTok algorithm to make this idealized sorority girl more visible, further (re)producing hierarchies of difference.
Balancing Time for Health Behaviors: Associations of Time Perspective With Physical Activity and Weight Management in Older Adults
Authors: Davis Paul A. , Trotter Michael , Åström Elisabeth , Rönnlund Michael
Published: April 2024

Purpose

To examine associations between time perspective and health promotion behaviors of physical activity and weight management.

Design

Quantitative cross-sectional.

Setting

This study is part of the Betula project on aging, memory, and dementia in Northern Sweden.

Subjects

417 older adults aged between 55 and 85 years.

Measures

Swedish-Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory; Physical Activity in the past year, past week, and in comparison with others of similar age; Weight Management = Body Mass Index (BMI; kg/m2).

Results

After controlling for age, sex, and years of education, hierarchical linear regression indicated a Balanced Time Perspective was significantly associated with more physical activity in the past year ( P = .04), the past week ( P < .001), and in comparison with others ( P < .01). Past Negative time perspective was associated with less physical activity in the past year ( P = .03), and in comparison with others ( P = .03). Present Fatalistic was associated with less physical activity during the past week ( P = .03), and in comparison with others ( P = .01). Present Hedonistic was associated with more physical activity the past week ( P = .03), and in comparison with others ( P = .03). Past Negative was associated with higher BMI ( P = .02), and Future Negative were associated with lower BMI ( P = .01). Taken collectively, greater positivity and flexibility across time perspectives was associated with more physical activity, whereas negative oriented time perspectives related with less physical activity and poorer weight management.

Conclusion

Time perspective can be associated with health behaviors in older adults and have implications for health across the lifespan. Health promotion interventions may target older adults’ enjoyment of exercise and weight management in the present, rather than highlight potential negative health outcomes in the future.
Effect of filler surface treatment on the physico-mechanical properties of filler/styrene-butadiene rubber nanocomposites
Authors: A Abdelsalam Amir , Demiral Murat , Selim Mohamed M , El-Sabbagh Salwa H
Published: April 2024

In the present work, the effects of various filler types and content on the characteristics and properties of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) were studied. This study prepared SBR filled with different fillers: kaolin, metakaolinite, synthetic zeolite Na-A, alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles, and hybrid filler (synthetic zeolite Na-A/Al2O3). The silane coupling agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) was employed to treat the surface with fillers. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to determine the surface morphology. The results demonstrated that fillers improved the physicomechanical properties. Tensile strength and elongation at break (%) in composites containing synthetic zeolite Na-A increased by up to 158.6% at 3 phr and 100% at 2 phr, respectively. The results showed that the surface properties displayed by SEM analysis indicated a good distribution of filler particles. Also, the rubber compound’s resistance to organic solvents such as toluene was improved, as evidenced by swelling properties; the swelling ratio decreased by 17.5% while the crosslink density increased by 42.6% at 5 phr Al2O3/synthetic zeolite Na-A. The constants of the various hyperelastic models that explain the behavior of the composite materials under study were determined, and their predictions of the experimentally obtained stress-strain curves were compared. The study’s experimental findings will be helpful for several industrial uses, including an extender in water-based paints, rubber fillers, ceramic materials, paper fillers, and coating pigments.
A comment on Powell and formal models of power sharing
Authors: Paine Jack
Published: April 2024

Ruling elites commonly concede institutional reforms such as expanding the franchise. In existing models, sharing power in this manner enables ruling elites to credibly commit to perpetual redistribution. In ‘Power Sharing with Weak Institutions,’ Powell (2024) explains why the commitment problem runs deeper: When institutions are weak, elites are likely to block the implementation of promised institutional concessions. I provide new insights into three foundational premises of Powell (2024) and related models. First, I identify a necessary condition for a common result: Ruling elites always minimize permanent power-sharing concessions vis-à-vis temporary concessions, subject to preventing revolt. However, unless reforming institutions is somehow costly, these two tools are perfect substitutes. Second, I discuss how to conceptualize institutional strength within this class of models. Third, in weak institutional environments, I suggest how scholars can model credible commitments to share power or democratize.
Modeling and experimental verification of static and dynamic characteristics of the linear rolling guideway
Authors: Li Yongchang , Zhang Guangpeng , Wang Jiali
Published: April 2024

Linear rolling guideway (LRG) is an important part of the precision machine tool, which affects the machining accuracy of the whole machine tool. In this paper, based on the fundamental characteristic parameters obtained from experiments and mechanical impedance method, a novel contact model of the ball-raceway joint surface and the LRG is proposed. The HJG-DA35C LRG is tested and the corresponding experimental platform is established. The measured results under different working conditions are close to the predicted results of the model. The research results can be used to analyze and predict the static and dynamic characteristics of the LRG, provide a basis for rational design and performance improvement, and also lay a foundation for the performance prediction of the whole machine.