bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Knee Joint Load and Influencing Factors of Typical Tai Chi Movements
Authors: Wang Cenyi , Yang Ganfeng , Yang Haoping , Chen Changde , Zhang Henrui , Wang Kailong , Lu Aming
Published: March 2022

Background. Tai chi is recognized worldwide for its rehabilitation abilities and healthcare benefits. However, in recent years, some movements associated with tai chi have been shown to damage the lower limb joints. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of different movements, postures, center of mass (COM) movements, and range of knee movement of tai chi exercises on knee joint load. Methods. Fourteen professional tai chi practitioners in two postures (high and low) were enrolled to perform the following four typical tai chi movements: wild horse’s mane (WHM), repulse monkey (RM), wave-hand in cloud (WHIC), and grasp the bird’s tail (GBT). Kinematic and kinetics data were synchronously collected using the Vicon infrared high-speed motion capture system and a three-dimensional (3D) force measurement platform. Variance analysis and partial correlation analysis were performed to investigate factors influencing peak knee joint moment and vertical ground reaction force (VGRF). Results. The results showed that the peak knee extension and abduction moment were larger in WHM and RM than those in WHIC and GBT (

p
<
0.05

). WHM was associated with greater rotation moment than the other typical movements (

p
<
0.05

). VGRF and joint moment among different poses were significantly different. Low-pose tai chi typical movements were associated with greater VGRF, knee joint extension and abduction, and rotation moments than high-pose movements (

p
<
0.05

). The anteroposterior and mediolateral COM displacements were strongly and positively associated with VGRF (

p
<
0.001

), while the mediolateral COM displacement was negatively associated with knee extension moment (

p
<
0.001

). The knee internal-external rotation ROM and anteroposterior and mediolateral COM displacements were positively associated with knee abduction moment (

p
<
0.01

). Conclusion. For long-term tai chi exercises, choosing a suitable posture based on an individual exercise level and reasonable control of knee ROM and COM displacement can reduce the risk of knee injury during exercise.
RNA-Binding Proteins and Alternative Splicing Genes Are Coregulated in Human Retinal Endothelial Cells Treated with High Glucose
Authors: Zhao Hongran , Kong Hui , Wang Bozhao , Wu Sihui , Chen Tianran , Cui Yan
Published: March 2022

To explore the relevant RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and alternative splicing events (ASEs) in diabetic retinopathy (DR). We devised a comprehensive work to integrate analyses of the differentially expressed genes, including differential RBPs, and variable splicing characteristics related to DR in human retinal endothelial cells induced by low glucose and high glucose in dataset GSE117238. A total of 2320 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 1228 upregulated genes and 1092 downregulated genes. Further analysis screened out 232 RBP genes, and 42 AS genes overlapped DEGs. We selected high expression and consistency six RBP genes (FUS, HNRNPA2B1, CANX, EIF1, CALR, and POLR2A) for coexpression analysis. Through analysis, we found eight RASGs (MDM2, GOLGA2P7, NFE2L1, KDM4A, FAM111A, CIRBP, IDH1, and MCM7) that could be regulated by RBP. The coexpression network was conducted to further elucidate the regulatory and interaction relationship between RBPs and AS. Apoptotic progress, protein phosphorylation, and NF-kappaB cascade revealed by the functional enrichment analysis of RASGs regulated by RBPs were closely related to diabetic retinopathy. Furthermore, the expression of differentially expressed RBPs was validated by qRT-PCR in mouse retinal microvascular endothelial cells and retinas from the streptozotocin mouse model. The results showed that Fus, Hnrnpa2b1, Canx, Calr, and Polr2a were remarkedly difference in high-glucose-treated retinal microvascular endothelial cells and Fus, Hnrnpa2b1, Canx, and Calr were remarkedly difference in retinas from streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice compared to control. The regulatory network between identified RBPs and RASGs suggests the presence of several signaling pathways possibly involved in the pathogenesis of DR. The verified RBPs should be further addressed by future studies investigating associations between RBPs and the downstream of AS, as they could serve as potential biomarkers and targets for DR.
Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of Chemical Constituents from Shuanghuanglian Injection Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Ziyan , Wang Zuoyuan , Jiang Miaomiao , Yang Jing , Meng Qingfen , Guan Jianli , Xu Maoling , Chai Xin
Published: March 2022

By employing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), we implemented a chemical research on Shuanghuanglian injection (SHLI) and identified 17 components, including eight primary metabolites and nine secondary metabolites. Guided by the approach of network pharmacology, the potential activities were briefly predicted for seven primary metabolites except for formic acid, such as anti-inflammation, antioxidation, and cardiovascular protection. The focused primary metabolites were quantified by a proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) method, which was verified with good linearity and satisfactory precision, repeatability, stability, and accuracy (except for myo-inositol with mean recovery at 135.78%). Based on the successfully established method, seven primary metabolites were effectively quantified with a slight fluctuation in 20 batches of SHLIs. The average total content of these compounds was 6.85 mg/mL, accounting for 24.84% in total solid of SHLI. This research provides an alternative method for analysis of primary metabolites and contributes to the quality control of SHLI.
Study on the Modeling Method and Influencing Parameters of Sandblasting Process for Blade Grinding
Authors: Yu Xiangyong , Wei Xiuting , Huang Xuemei , Zhang Leian
Published: March 2022

Grinding the surface of wind turbine blades is one of the key production processes before its service. In order to solve the problem of high labor cost and low precision in manual grinding wheel grinding of wind turbine blades, the sandblasting process for blade grinding is proposed. The best parameters of sandblasting process applied to wind turbine blades are investigated by simulation. In this study, the simulation model of sandblasting process is established, and the fluid analysis of blades’ grinding using sandblasting process is carried out with the variables of blasting pressure, abrasive diameter, and blast distance. Simulation results show that the best parameters are 0.7 MPa for blasting pressure, 500 mm for spraying distance, and 0.4 mm for abrasive diameter. Finally, the tensile test is carried out on the samples’ grind by the traditional grinding process and sandblasting process. The results show that the paint surface grind by sandblasting process can bear a higher load. This study proves the feasibility of the sandblasting process in the composite materials’ grinding of wind turbine blades.
Dissipation Characteristics of Vehicle Queue in V2X Environment Based on Improved Car-Following Model
Authors: Xu Wei , Li Nan , Liang Wenli , Liu Haiqing
Published: March 2022

In recent years, the technology of Internet of Vehicles has developed rapidly, among which vehicle to everything (V2X) technology is provided with a quite important promotion value in the intelligent transportation field. In V2X environment, the driver can receive real-time information of the motion status of adjacent vehicles and the signal duration of the intersection, and take the decision-making action of manipulating the vehicle in advance, which has a certain impact on the evolution process of queue dissipation. This paper studies the improved OV model based on V2X environment and considering the driver’s early response time selects the intersection queue dissipation efficiency as the index to analyze the intersection traffic efficiency and studies the impact of different initial headway, maximum speed, and safety distance on the intersection traffic flow. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional OV model and the OV model considering driver’s reaction delay, the model proposed in this paper greatly improves the efficiency of traffic flow recovery after green light, so the model proposed in this paper can promote the stability of traffic flow. The linear stability of the proposed model was analyzed by using the linear stability theory to obtain the stability conditions of the improved model. Furthermore, a simulation environment was established to analyze the vehicle queue dissipation at intersections and to simulate the improved V2X car-following model as well as the platoon dissipation state under different traffic parameters. The research results show that vehicle drivers can obtain traffic flow operation status in real-time through V2X equipment and change the operation of the vehicle itself in a targeted manner, which can significantly improve the safety and stability of traffic flow operation, and greatly raise the dissipation efficiency of the platoon. The method proposed in this paper can increase the queue dissipation rate and shorten the recovery time of the traffic system, respectively.
Genetic Programming-Based Feature Selection for Emotion Classification Using EEG Signal
Authors: Sakalle Aditi , Tomar Pradeep , Bhardwaj Harshit , Iqbal Asif , Sakalle Maneesha , Bhardwaj Arpit , Ibrahim Wubshet
Published: March 2022

The COVID-19 has resulted in one of the world’s most significant worldwide lock-downs, affecting human mental health. Therefore, emotion recognition is becoming one of the essential research areas among various world researchers. Treatment that is efficacious and diagnosed early for negative emotions is the only way to save people from mental health problems. Genetic programming, a very important research area of artificial intelligence, proves its potential in almost every field. Therefore, in this study, a genetic program-based feature selection (FSGP) technique is proposed. A fourteen-channel EEG device gives 70 features for the input brain signal; with the help of GP, all the irrelevant and redundant features are separated, and 32 relevant features are selected. The proposed model achieves a classification accuracy of 85% that outmatches other prior works.
An Efficient Blockchain Based Data Access with Modified Hierarchical Attribute Access Structure with CP-ABE Using ECC Scheme for Patient Health Record
Authors: Sammy F. , Vigila S. Maria Celestin
Published: March 2022

Secure patient health record (PHR) information exchange via cloud computing is a considerable security risk to user privacy. The fundamental reason of this issue is cloud computing’s reliance on trustworthy third parties to share data across it. To exchange data securely, many conventional cryptographic algorithms employ various keying approaches. However, relying on a trusted third party compromises the privacy of consumers’ data. To offer secure communication without the involvement of a third party, a distributed blockchain based (DBC) ciphertext–policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) approach is employed in this study. Because of bilinear paring and simple scalar multiplication factors, the proposed CP-ABE system is entirely dependent on elliptic curve cryptography to reduce complexity. Furthermore, the data requester provides dynamic attributes, and a user-centric access policy is created, allowing multiple authorities to manage the attributes and provide data access. Data confidentiality, data authentication, user authentication, and tamper-proof data are all guaranteed by the suggested method. The DBC-CP-ABE method is used to provide user-centric access policies and effective key management.
Leptin Alleviates Inflammatory Response in Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Xu Shu , Tao Dengshun
Published: March 2022

Objective. To investigate the role of leptin in regulating cell inflammation and protecting myocardium after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats through signaling pathway at tissue and molecular protein levels. Methods. Healthy female SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, which were sham, I/R group, leptin low-dose intervention group, and high-dose intervention group (40 μg/kg and 80 μg/kg, respectively). Cardiac hemodynamics, myocardial enzymology, inflammatory indices, and pathological changes were observed. Western blot was used to observe the expression of PI3K, AKT, and NFκB protein by leptin. Results. Leptin can improve the hemodynamics of cardiac ischemia-reperfusion rats, improve the expression of myocardial enzymology, reduce the release of cardiac and serum inflammatory factors, increased PI3k, AKT, and NFκB expression, and reduce the occurrence of inflammation from the perspective of gross pathology, thus protecting the body. Conclusion. Leptin pretreatment can reduce MIRI injury, and the protective mechanism may be that leptin upregulates PI3K-AKT-NFκB expression in myocardial tissue to reduce inflammation and promote repair of I/R injury.
Standing Watch: Immune Activation and Failure in Melanoma Sentinel Lymph Nodes
Authors: Lund Amanda W.
Published: March 2022

An unbiased approach to map the sentinel lymph node landscape reveals progressive immune dysfunction associated with micrometastasis in patients with stage I–III cutaneous melanoma. Evidence of tumor-induced lymph node dysfunction may motivate new hypotheses for neoadjuvant therapy with potential to reinvigorate endogenous antitumor immunity.

See related article by Yaddanapudi et al., p. 2069
Bedside to Bench and Back: Identifying a New Clinically Relevant Driver in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Hasserjian Robert P. , Nardi Valentina
Published: March 2022

In this issue of Blood Cancer Discovery, Umeda and colleagues identify and comprehensively analyze a novel recurrent UBTF mutation (tandem duplications) in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Acute myeloid leukemia cases with UBTF tandem duplications display distinctive biologic features, including association with FLT3-ITD and WT1 mutations and high-risk disease, and appear to represent a new genetic subtype of acute myeloid leukemia.

See related article by Umeda et al., p. 194 (7).
Distinct Autism Spectrum Disorder Phenotype and Hand-Flapping Stereotypes: Two Siblings with Novel Homozygous Mutation in TRAPPC9 Gene and Literature Review
Authors: Bolat Hilmi , Ünsel-Bolat Gül , Derin Hatice , Şen Aşkın , Ceylaner Serdar
Published: March 2022

Objective: Pathogenic mutations of the TRAPPC9 gene are the rare genetic causes of autosomal recessive intellectual disability (ID). There are several features that are not fully penetrant such as microcephaly, dysmorphic facial features, obesity, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and brain abnormalities in TRAPPC9 mutations. Methods: We performed whole-exome sequencing to evaluate 2 Turkish siblings with ASD and ID born to healthy and consanguineous parents. Parental samples were also analyzed, specifically targeting variants detected in these patients. Results: We present a novel homozygous mutation in the TRAPPC9 gene, c.484G>T (p.Glu162Ter). Additionally, we aim to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the clinical features of a novel homozygous TRAPPC9 mutation. In addition to ID, the siblings in this report suffered from ASD and specific stereotypes as hand-flapping behavior. Conclusion: Although there are inconsistencies in the presentation of ASD in TRAPPC9 mutations, repetitive behaviors (hand-flapping ) were typical in our cases and several previous reports. The current mutation was described to cause a homozygous premature termination codon that resulted in the absence of the TRAPPC9 protein. We suggest that TRAPPC9 mutations are not only related to ID but also to ASD and hand-flapping behaviors.
Rates, Variability, and Predictors of Screening for Obesity: Are Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury Being Overlooked?
Authors: Eisenberg Dan , LaVela Sherri L. , Frayne Susan M. , Chen Rui , Barreto Nicolas B. , Wu Justina , Nevedal Andrea L. , Davis Kristen , Arnow Katherine D. , Harris Alex H.S.
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) are vulnerable to obesity. Annual obesity screening using body mass index (BMI) is the standard of care mandated by US Veterans Health Administration (VHA) guidelines. Our objective was to determine the rates, variability, and predictors of guideline-concordant annual screening for obesity, given potential challenges of height and weight measurements in individuals with SCI. Methods: This is a cross-sectional retrospective study using US national VA databases. We identified all VHA patients with chronic SCI in the fiscal year (FY) 2019, their treating facility and frequency of recorded height and weight. We applied mixed-effects logistic regression models to assess associations between annual BMI screening and patient- and facility-level characteristics. Results: Of 20,978 individuals with chronic SCI in VHA in FY19, guideline-concordant annual BMI screening was lacking in 37.9%. Accounting for facility-level factors (geographic region, SCI facility type, volume of patients with SCI treated at the facility), a mixed-effects logistic regression model demonstrated that lack of annual obesity screening was significantly associated with older patient age (p < 0.001) and fewer outpatient encounters (p < 0.001) but not other patient-level factors such as sex, race, level of injury, or rurality. The rate of obesity screening among different facilities within VHA varied widely from 11.1% to 75.7%. Conclusion: A large proportion of persons with SCI receiving care in VHA do not receive guideline-concordant annual obesity screening, an especially acute problem in some facilities. Older patients with fewer outpatient encounters are more likely to be missed. To inform the design of interventions to improve identification and documentation of obesity, further study is needed to assess potential barriers to obesity screening in the population with SCI.
O orçamento participativo e a dinâmica orçamentária no setor público
Authors: Azevedo Ricardo Rocha de , Cardoso Ricardo Lopes , Cunha Armando Santos Moreira da , Wampler Brian
Published: March 2022

Este artigo discute o orçamento participativo por uma ótica pouco explorada pela literatura: a dimensão do orçamento. A literatura que trata o orçamento participativo em geral foca no lado da participação, buscando analisar quais são os seus determinantes, barreiras para a adoção, e efeitos causados pela participação. O objetivo do artigo é trazer reflexões sobre a participação no ciclo orçamentário, analisando possíveis formas de participação em cada etapa, em que se busca trazer reflexões tanto para pesquisas quanto para os adotantes de mecanismos de orçamento participativo. Adicionalmente, indicamos caminhos ainda pouco explorados pela literatura sobre orçamento participativo.
Um cinema concreto: os filmes do Fluxus
Authors: Callou Hermano
Published: March 2022

Este artigo pretende discutir o conjunto de filmes realizados nos anos 1960 pelos artistas do Fluxus, sob a orientação de George Maciunas. O texto defende a hipótese de que os filmes do grupo representam uma entrada privilegiada para compreender a ruptura histórica com o paradigma compositivo do cinema de vanguarda. O artigo propõe uma interpretação do cinema do Fluxus a partir da história da arte, segundo uma análise que aprecia os filmes do coletivo em relação ao seu contexto histórico de produção e exibição.
Requisitos de bioisenção com base no Sistema de Classificação Biofarmacêutica no Brasil e no mundo
Authors: Esteves Valéria Sant'Anna Dantas , Fonseca Laís Bastos da , Leandro Kátia Christina
Published: March 2022

O acesso a medicamentos pode ser facilitado por programas globais de desenvolvimento farmacêutico, mas há necessidade de que as agencias regulatórias e as indústrias farmoquímicas e farmacêuticas interajam e haja um consenso quanto as exigências para o registro de medicamentos. Este artigo examinou a legislação especifica sobre bi isenção com base no Sistema de Classificação Biofarmacêutica, comparando os cenários do Brasil e do mundo. A partir dessa análise, identificou os entraves a aplicação dos critérios internacionais na realidade regulatória nacional, identificando algumas fragilidades da legislação, como no caso de pro-fármacos. Analisaram-se os critérios de cinco organismos regulatórios (Agência Europeia de Medicamentos, Food and Drug Administration, Health Canada, Conselho Internacional para Harmonização de Requisitos Técnicos para Medicamentos de Uso Humano e Organização Mundial da Saúde) frente aos requisitos da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, pontuando as diferenças e o que já se encontra pacificado no tocante a classe do Sistema de Classificação Biofarmacêutica aceita, a comparabilidade entre formulação teste e de referência, solubilidade, permeabilidade intestinal e perfil de dissolução in vitro. Concluiu--se que a Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária deve internalizar os preceitos e critérios da bioisenção com base no Sistema de Classificação Biofarmacêutica por meio de um novo marco regulatório. Além disso, para que esse marco regulatório seja bem-sucedido e produza resultados palpáveis, em especial na área de saúde publica e vigilância sanitária, a agência brasileira deve estar aberta ao diálogo com o setor regulado e as inovações e orientações da academia, sem desviar o foco de sua missão institucional.
Amputation surgeries due to external causes performed in public hospitals in Santa Catarina, Brazil
Authors: Luz Soraia Cristina Tonon da , Sarmento Tuane , Branco Ruy Luiz Lorenzetti , Siqueira Ruy Tayla , Honório Gesilani Júlia da Silva , Santos Kadine Bender dos
Published: March 2022

Objective: In order to characterize the profile of lower limb amputation surgeries by external cause, performed in public hospitals in the state of Santa Catarina. Method: This descriptive, epidemiological and hospital based study analyzed hospital admissionpermits (AIH) (N= 4158) in between 2008-2014. Results: There has been a prevalence of male population (79,1%), age group between 18 and 29 years (17,7%). The most incident form of amputation was by partial or complete traumatic injury with involvement of a finger. The three most affected counties were Chapecó, Criciúma and Brusque. There has been a decrease in the number of amputations mainly in the last four years. Conclusion: Despite this fact, amputations are a globally recognized public health problem. Epidemiological follow-up the AIH´s translates as an indicator to monitor and trigger improvement actions of specialized assistance to amputated patients with a view to prevention, organization of services, and training of multi professional teams.
A efetividade do método Pilates no tratamento da dor lombar crônica inespecífica: ensaio clínico randomizado
Authors: Machado Eliane de Morais , Bralia Caetano Carla , Freitas Luana Matias de , Souza Cristielly Helena de , Santos Marilene Mendes dos
Published: March 2022

A dor lombar crônica é um problema de saúde pública. Intervenções voltadas para seu tratamento envolvem tanto exercícios quanto a educação do indivíduo. Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade de um protocolo de exercícios do método Pilates e do programa “Escola de Coluna” na redução dor e incapacidade funcional, na melhora da qualidade de vida, flexibilidade e qualidade do sono em indivíduos com dor lombar crônica inespecífica. Método: Ensaio controlado aleatorizado, 84 indivíduos com dor lombar crônica. Os participantes foram aleatoriamente alocados no Grupo Pilates (n= 43) ou Grupo Controle (n= 41). Os desfechos primários foram dor (Escala Visual Numérica), incapacidade funcional (Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire - RMDQ) e qualidade de vida (SF-36). Os desfechos secundários foram flexibilidade (teste do 3o dedo ao chão) e qualidade do sono (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index - PSQI). Resultados: O Grupo Pilates foi superior ao Grupo Controle (p < 0,05) na intensidade da dor, incapacidade funcional, flexibilidade e em cinco domínios de qualidade de vida (capacidade funcional, aspectos físicos, dor, vitalidade e estado geral de saúde). Não houve diferença entre os grupos para a qualidade do sono. Conclusão: Exercícios do método Pilates podem ser considerados como uma alternativa de intervenção para indivíduos com dor lombar crônica não específica. O Grupo Pilates foi superior ao programa "Escola de Coluna" nos desfechos dor, incapacidade funcional, flexibilidade e em cinco domínios de qualidade de vida. Devido à baixa aderência às intervenções propostas, alternativas para melhorar a aderência devem ser estabelecidas em estudos futuros.
Efeitos de programa de reabilitação em regime de internação em paciente amputado transfemoral unilateral: relato de caso
Authors: Dias Caren da Silva , Alfieri Fabio Marcon , Ayres Denise Vianna Machado , Battistella Linamara Rizzo
Published: March 2022

O programa de reabilitação em regime de internação pode trazer diversos benefícios aos indivíduos amputados. Objetivo: Verificar a temperatura dos membros inferiores e a funcionalidade de indivíduo amputado submetido a um programa de reabilitação em regime de internação. Método: Paciente do sexo masculino com amputação transfemoral distal à esquerda foi avaliado por meio da termografia (infrared sensor FLIR T650sc) da região da coxa, teste Timed Up and Go, teste de caminhada de 2 minutos e a Escala AMP - Amputee Mobility Predictor antes e após programa de internação para reabilitação durante 4 semanas. Resultados: Em relação a avaliação termográfica, houve diminuição da diferença de temperatura entre as coxas direita e esquerda, passando de 1,9°C para 0,6°C na vista anterior e de 3,4°C para 0,3°C na vista posterior após o programa de reabilitação. O tempo de execução do TUG passou de 17,17 s para 13,08 s e a escala AMP passou de 38 para 43 após o programa de reabilitação. Conclusão: Indivíduo amputado unilateral de membro inferior submetido a programa de 4 semanas de reabilitação em regime de internação pode ser beneficiado em relação a simetria de distribuição da temperatura cutânea da coxa, mobilidade funcional e funcionalidade.
Estudo baseado em corpus de um vocábulo recorrente e preferencial do romance A Hora da Estrela, de Clarice Lispector e das traduções para as línguas inglesa e italiana
Authors: Bonalumi Emiliana Fernandes , Camargo Diva Cardoso de
Published: March 2022

Este artigo visa analisar a tradução para o inglês e italiano do vocábulo recorrente e preferencial “vida” no romance A Hora da Estrela, de Clarice Lispector, respectivamente por Giovanni Pontiero e Adelina Aletti. Esta investigação fundamenta-se nos estudos da tradução baseados em corpus de Baker (1993, 1995,1999, 2000 2004) e na perspectiva da linguística de corpus de Berber Sardinha (2000, 2004), por meio de uma abordagem interdisciplinar de Camargo (2005, 2007). Utilizamos o programa computacional WordSmith Tools, de Scott (1999), em especial a ferramenta Keywords, para se chegar ao vocábulo recorrente e preferencial “vida”. Pudemos perceber por meio de nossa análise, no que tange ao vocábulo recorrente e preferencial selecionado para investigação, que houve mais aproximações entre a obra original e a traduzida para o italiano, em relação à obra original e a traduzida para o inglês.
Depois da narrativa: Walter Benjamin encontra J. R. R. Tolkien nos contos de fadas
Authors: Oliveira Vinícius Veneziani de Souza
Published: March 2022

Este artigo faz um estudo comparativo entre o conceito de “contos de fadas” do filólogo inglês J.R.R. Tolkien e a noção de “narrativa” do crítico alemão Walter Benjamin, demonstrando uma relação de afinidade entre as duas ideias. Para tanto, são empregados dois textos como núcleo da reflexão: a conferência Sobre contos de fadas, de Tolkien, e o texto clássico de Benjamin intitulado O Narrador. A partir da análise das semelhanças e diferenças entre os contos de fadas e a narrativa, com enfoque na associação entre literatura fantástica e público infantil, na capacidade dessas histórias de aconselhar e em sua relação com as ideias de mito e natureza, foi possível determinar quanto esses termos se sobrepõem, muito embora os autores nunca tenham dialogado em vida. No fim das contas, ao contrário do que Benjamin afirmava em seu texto, a forma de comunicação engendrada pela figura dos narradores não desapareceu século XX adentro, mas experimentou uma renovação literária no trabalho de autores como Tolkien, que preservaram características da narrativa nos contos de fadas contemporâneos.
Comprehensive Quality-of-Life Outcomes With Invasive Versus Conservative Management of Chronic Coronary Disease in ISCHEMIA
Authors: Mark Daniel B. , Spertus John A. , Bigelow Robert , Anderson Sophia , Daniels Melanie R. , Anstrom Kevin J. , Baloch Khaula N. , Cohen David J. , Held Claes , Goodman Shaun G. , Bangalore Sripal , Cyr Derek , Reynolds Harmony R. , Alexander Karen P. , Rosenberg Yves , Stone Gregg W. , Maron David J. , Hochman Judith S. ,   on behalf of the ISCHEMIA Research Group
Published: March 2022

Background:

ISCHEMIA (International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness with Medical and Invasive Approaches) compared an initial invasive treatment strategy (INV) with an initial conservative strategy in 5179 participants with chronic coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia. The ISCHEMIA research program included a comprehensive quality-of-life (QOL) substudy.

Methods:

In 1819 participants (907 INV, 912 conservative strategy), we collected a battery of disease-specific and generic QOL instruments by structured interviews at baseline; at 3, 12, 24, and 36 months postrandomization; and at study closeout. Assessments included angina-related QOL (19-item Seattle Angina Questionnaire), generic health status (EQ-5D), depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-8), and, for North American patients, cardiac functional status (Duke Activity Status Index).

Results:

Median age was 67 years, 19.2% were female, and 15.9% were non-White. The estimated mean difference for the 19-item Seattle Angina Questionnaire Summary score favored INV (1.4 points [95% CI, 0.2–2.5] over all follow-up). No differences were observed in patients with rare/absent baseline angina (SAQ Angina Frequency score >80). Among patients with more frequent angina at baseline (SAQ Angina Frequency score <80, 744 patients, 41%), those randomly assigned to INV had a mean 3.7-point higher 19-item Seattle Angina Questionnaire Summary score than conservative strategy (95% CI, 1.6–5.8) with consistent effects across SAQ subscales: Physical Limitations 3.2 points (95% CI, 0.2–6.1), Angina Frequency 3.2 points (95% CI, 1.2–5.1), Quality of Life/Health Perceptions 5.3 points (95% CI, 2.8–7.8). For the Duke Activity Status Index, no difference was estimated overall by treatment, but in patients with baseline SAQ Angina Frequency scores <80, Duke Activity Status Index scores were higher for INV (3.2 points [95% CI, 0.6–5.7]), whereas patients with rare/absent baseline angina showed no treatment-related differences. Moderate to severe depression was infrequent at randomization (11.5%–12.8%) and was unaffected by treatment assignment.

Conclusions:

In the ISCHEMIA comprehensive QOL substudy, patients with more frequent baseline angina reported greater improvements in the symptom, physical functioning, and psychological well-being dimensions of QOL when treated with an invasive strategy, whereas patients who had rare/absent angina at baseline reported no consistent treatment-related QOL differences.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01471522.
Lactate Clearance as a Surrogate for Mortality in Cardiogenic Shock: Insights From the DOREMI Trial
Authors: Marbach Jeffrey A. , Di Santo Pietro , Kapur Navin K. , Thayer Katherine L. , Simard Trevor , Jung Richard G. , Parlow Simon , Abdel‐Razek Omar , Fernando Shannon M. , Labinaz Marino , Froeschl Michael , Mathew Rebecca , Hibbert Benjamin
Published: March 2022

Background

Recent studies have shown improved outcomes in cardiogenic shock through protocols directed toward early identification and initiation of mechanical circulatory support. However, objective therapeutic targets—based on clinical and/or laboratory data—to guide real‐time clinical decision making are lacking. Lactate clearance has been suggested as a potential treatment target because of its independent association with mortality.

Methods and Results

In a post hoc analysis of the DOREMI (Dobutamine Compared to Milrinone in the Treatment of Cardiogenic Shock) trial—a randomized, double‐blind, controlled trial comparing milrinone to dobutamine in the treatment of cardiogenic shock—we used prospectively collected lactate data to evaluate lactate clearance as a surrogate marker for in‐hospital mortality. In total, 82 (57.7%) patients survived to hospital discharge (survivors). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, complete lactate clearance, percentage lactate clearance, and percentage lactate clearance per hour were independently associated with survival beginning as early as 8 hours after enrollment. Complete lactate clearance was the strongest predictor of survival at all time points, with odds ratios ranging between 2.46 (95% CI, 1.09–5.55;
P
=0.03) at 8 hours to 5.44 (95% CI, 2.14–13.8;
P
<0.01) at 24 hours.

Conclusions

Complete lactate clearance is a strong and independent predictor of in‐hospital survival in patients with cardiogenic shock. Together with previously published data, these results further support the validity of lactate clearance as an appropriate surrogate for mortality and as a potential therapeutic target in future cardiogenic shock trials.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03207165.
Trimetazidine Alleviates Postresuscitation Myocardial Dysfunction and Improves 96‐Hour Survival in a Ventricular Fibrillation Rat Model
Authors: Li Jingru , Qi Yuantong , Wang Jianjie , Dai Chenxi , Chen Bihua , Li Yongqin
Published: March 2022

Background

Myocardial dysfunction is a critical cause of post‐cardiac arrest hemodynamic instability and circulatory failure that may lead to early mortality after resuscitation. Trimetazidine is a metabolic agent that has been demonstrated to provide protective effects in myocardial ischemia. However, whether trimetazidine protects against postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction is unknown.

Methods and Results

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was initiated after 8 minutes of untreated ventricular fibrillation in Sprague‐Dawley rats. Animals were randomized to 4 groups immediately after resuscitation (n=15/group): (1) normothermia control (NTC); (2) targeted temperature management; (3) trimetazidine‐normothermia; (4) trimetazidine‐targeted temperature management. TMZ was administered at a single dose of 10 mg/kg in rats with trimetazidine. The body temperature was maintained at 34.0°C for 2 hours and then rewarmed to 37.5°C in rats with targeted temperature management. Postresuscitation hemodynamics, 96‐hours survival, and pathological analysis were assessed. Heart tissues and blood samples of additional rats (n=6/group) undergoing the same experimental procedure were collected to measure myocardial injury, inflammation and oxidative stress‐related biomarkers with ELISA‐based quantification assays. Compared with normothermia control, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and cardiac troponin‐I were significantly reduced, whereas the left ventricular ejection fraction and 96‐hours survival rates were significantly improved in the 3 experimental groups. Furthermore, inflammation and oxidative stress‐related biomarkers together with collagen volume fraction were significantly decreased in rats undergoing postresuscitation interventions.

Conclusions

Trimetazidine significantly alleviates postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction and improves survival by decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation in a ventricular fibrillation rat model. A single dose of trimetazidine administrated immediately after resuscitation can effectively improve cardiac function, whether used alone or combined with targeted temperature management.
Benefits of GLP-1 (Glucagon-Like Peptide 1) Receptor Agonists for Stroke Reduction in Type 2 Diabetes: A Call to Action for Neurologists
Authors: Goldenberg Ronald M. , Cheng Alice Y.Y. , Fitzpatrick Tess , Gilbert Jeremy D. , Verma Subodh , Hopyan Julia J.
Published: March 2022

People living with diabetes are at higher risk for stroke and have a poorer prognosis following a stroke event than those without diabetes. Data from cardiovascular outcome trials and meta-analyses indicate that GLP-1RAs (glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists) reduce the risk of stroke in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Accordingly, many guidelines now recommend the addition of GLP-1RAs to ongoing antihyperglycemic regimens to lower the risk of stroke in type 2 diabetes. The current work summarizes evidence supporting the use of GLP-1RAs for stroke reduction in people with type 2 diabetes and offers 2 new resources for neurologists who are considering GLP-1RAs for their patients—a list of frequently asked questions with evidence-based answers on safely initiating and managing GLP-1RAs, and a practical decision-making algorithm to assist in using GLP-1RAs as part of a stroke reduction strategy.
Legal Models and Methods of Western Colonisation of the South Pacific
Authors: Heathcote Sarah
Published: March 2022

This article addresses the legal models and methods used by the Western powers to colonise the South Pacific. It first focuses on the informal empire in the last third of the nineteenth century and up to World War I. This is the period in which control is gained by the Western powers but responsibility averted since in most cases sovereignty over the territories concerned is not yet acquired. The legal models established for gaining control – culminating notably in the creation of colonial protectorates and only later annexation – were to some extent the same as those established elsewhere in the globe. But the legal methods used by the British (for whom the Empire had become an ‘intolerable nuisance’) and to a lesser extent the United States (ideologically averse to colonisation) in order to establish initial control, stand out because of the way that each projected their municipal laws; in the case of the British with the humanitarian purpose of ending human trafficking. The second focus of this article is on the more innovative regimes used to colonise the Pacific island territories in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, more specifically those involving joint governance. The condominium emerges as a model of choice to manage disputes between the powers and its use was principally to address their geo-strategic concerns both in the region and globally. Entrenching earlier trends, a tradition of joint governance would later continue into the twentieth century with remarkable similarities to what preceded it.

This article serves as a reminder of the subtle and complex ways in which the law can be instrumentalised to give effect to colonisation. It is timely given the increasing concern today over foreign interference in the South Pacific.
Photographs as Instruments of Public Diplomacy: China’s Visual Storytelling during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hellmann Olli , Oppermann Kai
Published: March 2022

This article explores the effectiveness of photographs as instruments of public diplomacy through an analysis of China’s visual storytelling during the Covid-19 outbreak. Beijing considered the pandemic an existential threat to its image and responded with a communications offensive that was designed to highlight the regime’s success in containing the Coronavirus — both at home and abroad — and to safeguard the wider ‘China story’ of a ‘peace-loving and responsible global leader’. By combining scholarship on public diplomacy and strategic narratives with the ‘visual turn’ literature in international relations, this article focuses on the non-verbal dimension of China’s storytelling and explores the impact of photographs — distributed by the regime’s news agency, Xinhua — on international public opinion. Through a survey experiment among 1,000 US adults, we demonstrate that such photographs had a positive effect on China’s international image, but that this effect was moderated by levels of political knowledge among the target audience.
Some Additional Notes on the Ancient Side Flute
Authors: Cinalli Angela
Published: March 2022

Literary, archaeological, and iconographic testimonies attest to the side flute as an instrument that, from the 4th century BC to the 3rd century AD, played its part in the Greco-Roman musical landscape. Building on the conclusions of recent studies, this contribution aims to add to the discourse some further elements regarding both the panorama that the sources allow us to draw and the structural and acoustic features of the ancient side flute. A detailed analysis of the sources sheds light on more than a name, more than one typology, more than a performative context, for an instrument whose life extended far from the bucolic cliché. Plus, the side-blown reedless headjoint is a distinctive feature of the ancient side flute, documenting an experimental journey through acoustic effectiveness that sees eye to eye with the solutions adopted by modern craftsmanship to enhance sonority and focus.
Cynosurus peltieri (Pooideae, Poaceae), a poorly known species endemic to the Algerian-Tunisian terrestrial flora: further insights on its occurrence, IUCN Red List assessment, and lectotypification
Authors: EL MOKNI RIDHA , VERLOOVE FILIP
Published: March 2022

Cynosurus peltieri (Poaceae) is a very poorly known species only occurring in Algeria and Tunisia. A morphological description, together with its distribution and habitat, taxonomy, and IUCN Red List assessment are provided in the present paper. Photographic illustrations of the species comparing it with the similar Cynosurus polybracteatus, together with an updated diagnostic key to the Cynosurus species in North Africa, are also provided. In addition, the name is lectotypified on a specimen preserved at MPU, with isolectotypes preserved at P and BC.
Interannual Variability of the Warm Arctic–Cold North American Pattern
Authors: Yu Bin , Lin Hai
Published: March 2022

This study examines the evolution of the interannual warm Arctic–cold continents (WACC) pattern over the North American sector, which refers to the warm Arctic–cold North American pattern (WACNA), and explores its driving mechanism. WACNA features a pair of opposite surface air temperature anomalies centered over the Chukchi–Bering Seas and the North American Great Plains. A negative phase of the warm Arctic–cold Eurasia (WACE) pattern tends to lead a positive phase of the WACNA pattern by about 25 days. Negative Asian–Bering–North American (ABNA)- and Pacific–North American (PNA)-like atmospheric circulation patterns also appear upstream and precede a positive WACNA by about 25 days, gradually develop, reach their peaks when both circulation patterns lead the WACNA by 5 days, and weaken afterward. The negative ABNA-like pattern can be driven by the Siberian snow decline that is related to a negative WACE pattern and its featured Eurasian warming, whereas the negative PNA-like pattern is influenced by negative SST anomalies over the tropical central-eastern Pacific Ocean that resemble the tropical ENSO variability. The surface signatures of both patterns highlight a horseshoe-shaped high pressure anomaly straddling over the Gulf of Alaska, Alaska, and northwestern Canada. The anomalous warm advection from the North Pacific and cold advection from the Arctic that follow the circulation anomalies, as well as sea ice declines over the Chukchi–Bering Seas and growth over Hudson Bay, lead to the formation of the positive WACNA pattern. Processes with circulation anomalies of opposite signs will likewise lead to the negative WACNA pattern.
A High-Resolution Quantitative Precipitation Estimate over Alaska through Kriging-Based Merging of Rain Gauges and Short-Range Regional Precipitation Forecasts
Authors: Hoover Brett T. , Otkin Jason A. , Petrescu Eugene M. , Niebuhr Emily
Published: March 2022

A method is presented to generate quantitative precipitation estimates over Alaska using kriging to merge sparse, unevenly distributed rain gauge observations with quantitative precipitation forecasts from a three-member ensemble of high-resolution numerical weather prediction models. The estimated error variance of the analysis is computed by starting with the estimated error variance from kriging and then refining the variance in k-fold cross validation by an empirically derived inflation factor. The method combines dynamical model forecast information with observational data to deliver a best linear unbiased estimate of precipitation, along with an analysis uncertainty estimate, that provides a much-needed precipitation analysis in a region where sparse in situ observations, poor coverage by remote sensing platforms, and complex terrain introduce large uncertainties that need to be quantified. For 6-hourly accumulation estimates produced four times daily from 1 August 2019 to 31 July 2020, three analysis configurations are tested to measure the value added by including model forecast data and how those data are best utilized in the analysis. Several directions for further improvement and validation of the analysis product are provided.
Workflow for applying optimization-based design exploration to early-stage architectural design – Case study based on EvoMass
Authors: Wang Likai
Published: March 2022

The role of optimization-based design exploration in early-stage architectural design has been increasingly recognized and valued. It has been widely considered an effective approach to achieving performance-informed and performance-driven design. Nevertheless, there is little research into how such design exploration can be adapted to various early-stage architectural design tasks. With this motivation, this paper revolves around a computer-aided design workflow for early-stage building massing design optimization and exploration while presenting three workshop case studies to demonstrate how the workflow can be intertwined with the design process. The design workflow is based on EvoMass, an integrated building massing design generation and optimization tool in Rhino-Grasshopper. The case study illustrates task-specific applications of the design workflow for synthesizing building design, finding design precedents, and understanding the interrelationship between formal attributes and building performance. The paper concludes by discussing the relevant efficacy of the design workflow for architectural design.