bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are Gestures of One Culture the Same as Those of the Another One? In the Search of Cross-Cultural Differences in Nonverbal Behaviour from the Perspective of Cognitive Linguistics
Authors: Czubak-Wróbel Paulina
Published: October 2020

From all the examples of nonverbal behaviour it has been scientifically proved that gestures reflect human thoughts and mental operations. Gestures project meanings that are stored in image schemas. Those mental representations are shaped by culturally determined experience. The aim of this article was to delve into the issue of the cross-cultural differences in nonverbal behaviour with the par-ticular focus on gestures from the point of view of cognitive linguistics. It was also of my interest to identify and categorise gestures as regards their universal and/or culture specific nature and create a background for possible further research.
Problems and challenges in teaching and learning speaking at advanced level
Authors: Aleksandrzak Magdalena
Published: October 2020

The article deals with the problems of teaching and learning speaking, in particular those which are most relevant in the context of developing oral skills at the advanced level of foreign language proficiency. The complex nature of spoken discourse must be taken into account and reflected at each stage of the learning process. Thus, the article examines the difficulties connected with choosing the appropriate framework and approach and discusses the typical patterns of interaction in the foreign language classroom. It also examines forms of control and evaluation and suggests some speaking activities which seem most suitable for advanced language learners in the light of the above theoretical considerations.
Kodematik und ihre metaglottodidaktische Relevanz
Authors: Szczodrowski Marian
Published: October 2020

This article deals with glottodidactic processes, seen on a level that goes beyond purely didactic-linguistic issues, that is, a level that considers their more specialized forms and that is a domain of other academic fields. The subject of the article is metaglottodidactic information concerning processes of decoding, processing, storing, and encoding language structures while learning and acquiring them. The author refers, in particular, to select problems from the field of codematics and the theory of control in processes of coding (generating and producing) foreignlanguage information on the part of the sender, the interindividual transferring of that information, the phonetic-phonological, grapho-graphic, and semantic-grammatical decoding and processing in the receiver’s language center
Proposing a comprehensive framework for needs analysis in ESP – on the integrality of needs analysis in Business English course design
Authors: ROMANOWSKI PIOTR
Published: October 2020

The present paper discusses the importance of needs analysis in ESP. By delving into different theories, the author’s overall objective is to scrutinize a wide spectrum of existing frameworks that would lead to a single, comprehensive model for needs assessment. The impact of the said approaches on course design is underlined with the particular example of Business English. Ultimately, the author unveils a framework which could serve as a basis for syllabus design in all types of ESP courses.
Rectene Isocrates sophistis nonnumquam adnumeretur
Authors: Danek Zbigniew
Published: October 2020

The article addresses the question whether it is a proper opinion to consider Isocrates a sophist as many commentators claim. In his analysis the author refers to the passages in which the rhetor expresses his negative judgments about the opinions and actions performed by the sophists. The author examines also the circumstances in which Isocrates defends the members of this movement, as he finds it a beneficial way to protect also himself from many false and malicious statements. In conclusion, Isocrates is considered to have a unique status as a sophist and to be a philosopher who aspires to the role of the spiritual leader of the Greeks of that time.
Środowisko naukowe Uniwersytetu Padewskiego w okresie studiów Klemensa Janickiego
Authors: Quirini-Popławska Danuta
Published: October 2020

The author of this article made a synthetic presentation of the results of the research of Polish and Italian historiography (based on the surveys into the primary sources) regarding the sojourn and study of Klemens Janicki at the University of Padua. Preserved doctoral diploma and poetic laurels bestowed upon the poet at the same time allowed the reconstruction of the course of this ceremony and identification of its participants. Academic atmosphere of Padua was presented in the article, including its prominent representatives: lawyers, philosophers and physicians, as well as the group of Polish students from the first half of the sixteenth century.
Linguistic Structure and Meaning Organize Neural Oscillations into a Content-Specific Hierarchy
Authors: Kaufeld Greta , Bosker Hans Rutger , ten Oever Sanne , Alday Phillip M. , Meyer Antje S. , Martin Andrea E.
Published: October 2020

Neural oscillations track linguistic information during speech comprehension (Ding et al., 2016; Keitel et al., 2018), and are known to be modulated by acoustic landmarks and speech intelligibility (Doelling et al., 2014; Zoefel and VanRullen, 2015). However, studies investigating linguistic tracking have either relied on non-naturalistic isochronous stimuli or failed to fully control for prosody. Therefore, it is still unclear whether low-frequency activity tracks linguistic structure during natural speech, where linguistic structure does not follow such a palpable temporal pattern. Here, we measured electroencephalography (EEG) and manipulated the presence of semantic and syntactic information apart from the timescale of their occurrence, while carefully controlling for the acoustic-prosodic and lexical-semantic information in the signal. EEG was recorded while 29 adult native speakers (22 women, 7 men) listened to naturally spoken Dutch sentences, jabberwocky controls with morphemes and sentential prosody, word lists with lexical content but no phrase structure, and backward acoustically matched controls. Mutual information (MI) analysis revealed sensitivity to linguistic content: MI was highest for sentences at the phrasal (0.8–1.1 Hz) and lexical (1.9–2.8 Hz) timescales, suggesting that the delta-band is modulated by lexically driven combinatorial processing beyond prosody, and that linguistic content (i.e., structure and meaning) organizes neural oscillations beyond the timescale and rhythmicity of the stimulus. This pattern is consistent with neurophysiologically inspired models of language comprehension (Martin, 2016, 2020; Martin and Doumas, 2017) where oscillations encode endogenously generated linguistic content over and above exogenous or stimulus-driven timing and rhythm information.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBiological systems like the brain encode their environment not only by reacting in a series of stimulus-driven responses, but by combining stimulus-driven information with endogenous, internally generated, inferential knowledge and meaning. Understanding language from speech is the human benchmark for this. Much research focuses on the purely stimulus-driven response, but here, we focus on the goal of language behavior: conveying structure and meaning. To that end, we use naturalistic stimuli that contrast acoustic-prosodic and lexical-semantic information to show that, during spoken language comprehension, oscillatory modulations reflect computations related to inferring structure and meaning from the acoustic signal. Our experiment provides the first evidence to date that compositional structure and meaning organize the oscillatory response, above and beyond prosodic and lexical controls.
Myosin X Interaction with KIF13B, a Crucial Pathway for Netrin-1-Induced Axonal Development
Authors: Yu Hua-Li , Peng Yun , Zhao Yang , Lan Yong-Sheng , Wang Bo , Zhao Lu , Sun Dong , Pan Jin-Xiu , Dong Zhao-Qi , Mei Lin , Ding Yu-Qiang , Zhu Xiao-Juan , Xiong Wen-Cheng
Published: October 2020

Myosin X (Myo X) transports cargos to the tips of filopodia for cell adhesion, migration, and neuronal axon guidance. Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC) is one of the Myo X cargos that is essential for Netrin-1-regulated axon pathfinding. The function of Myo X in axon developmentin vivoand the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we provide evidence for the role of Myo X in Netrin-1-DCC-regulated axon development in developing mouse neocortex. The knockout (KO) or knockdown (KD) of Myo X in cortical neurons of embryonic mouse brain impairs axon initiation and contralateral branching/targeting. Similar axon deficits are detected in Netrin-1-KO or DCC-KD cortical neurons. Further proteomic analysis of Myo X binding proteins identifies KIF13B (a kinesin family motor protein). The Myo X interaction with KIF13B is induced by Netrin-1. Netrin-1 promotes anterograde transportation of Myo X into axons in a KIF13B-dependent manner. KIF13B-KD cortical neurons exhibit similar axon deficits. Together, these results reveal Myo X-KIF13B as a critical pathway for Netrin-1-promoted axon initiation and branching/targeting.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNetrin-1 increases Myosin X (Myo X) interaction with KIF13B, and thus promotes axonal delivery of Myo X and axon initiation and contralateral branching in developing cerebral neurons, revealing unrecognized functions and mechanisms underlying Netrin-1 regulation of axon development.
The Pathophysiology of Dystonic Tremors and Comparison With Essential Tremor
Authors: Panyakaew Pattamon , Cho Hyun Joo , Lee Sang Wook , Wu Tianxia , Hallett Mark
Published: October 2020

There are two types of dystonic tremor syndromes (DTS), dystonic tremor (DT) and tremor associated with dystonia (TAWD), and neither is understood. DTS likely share some mechanisms with nontremulous dystonia, and there may also be overlaps with essential tremor (ET). We studied 21 ET (8 females, 13 males) and 22 DTS human patients (10 females, 12 males), including 13 human patients with DT (writer's cramp with writing tremor) and 9 human patients with tremor associated with dystonia (TAWD; cervical dystonia with hand tremor). Tremors were analyzed using accelerometry and surface EMG of the antagonist pairs of arm muscles during posture, simple kinetic movement, and writing. Cerebellar inhibition was performed to assess cerebello-thalamo-cortical involvement. DT exhibited higher variability of peak frequency and greater instability of tremor burst intervals over time (higher tremor stability index) than ET or TAWD regardless of tasks. Intermuscular coherence magnitude between the antagonist pairs increased during the writing task in DT, but not ET or TAWD. ET and TAWD exhibited different phase relationships of the temporal fluctuations of voluntary movement and tremor in the kinetic condition. A linear discriminant classifier based on these tremor parameters was able to distinguish the three groups with a classification accuracy of 95.1%. Cerebellar inhibition was significantly reduced in DT, but not in TAWD, compared with ET and healthy controls. Our study shows that the two DTS are distinct entities with DT closer to nontremorous dystonia and TAWD closer to ET.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study provides novel findings about characteristics and pathophysiology of the two different types of dystonic tremor syndromes compared with essential tremor. Patients with DTS are classified into DT who have dystonia and tremor in the same area, and tremor associated with dystonia (TAWD) who have dystonia and tremor elsewhere. Our results showed that DT exhibits increased tremor variability, instability, and intermuscular coherence, and decreased cerebello-thalamo-cortical inhibition compared with TAWD. Our study shows that DT and TAWD are distinct phenotypes, and that the physiological characteristics of DT are more similar to nontremorous dystonia, and TAWD is closer to ET.
Noradrenergic Activity in the Olfactory Bulb Is a Key Element for the Stability of Olfactory Memory
Authors: Linster Christiane , Midroit Maellie , Forest Jeremy , Thenaisie Yohann , Cho Christina , Richard Marion , Didier Anne , Mandairon Nathalie
Published: October 2020

Memory stability is essential for animal survival when environment and behavioral state change over short or long time spans. The stability of a memory can be expressed by its duration, its perseverance when conditions change as well as its specificity to the learned stimulus. Using optogenetic and pharmacological manipulations in male mice, we show that the presence of noradrenaline in the olfactory bulb during acquisition renders olfactory memories more stable. We show that while inhibition of noradrenaline transmission during an odor–reward acquisition has no acute effects, it alters perseverance, duration, and specificity of the memory. We use a computational approach to propose a proof of concept model showing that a single, simple network effect of noradrenaline on olfactory bulb dynamics can underlie these seemingly different behavioral effects. Our results show that acute changes in network dynamics can have long-term effects that extend beyond the network that was manipulated.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOlfaction guides the behavior of animals. For successful survival, animals have to remember previously learned information and at the same time be able to acquire new memories. We show here that noradrenaline in the olfactory bulb, the first cortical relay of the olfactory information, is important for creating stable and specific olfactory memories. Memory stability, as expressed in perseverance, duration and specificity of the memory, is enhanced when noradrenergic inputs to the olfactory bulb are unaltered. We show that, computationally, our diverse behavioral results can be ascribed to noradrenaline-driven changes in neural dynamics. These results shed light on how very temporary changes in neuromodulation can have a variety of long-lasting effects on neural processing and behavior.
Cortico-Subcortical Functional Connectivity Profiles of Resting-State Networks in Marmosets and Humans
Authors: Hori Yuki , Schaeffer David J. , Yoshida Atsushi , Cléry Justine C. , Hayrynen Lauren K. , Gati Joseph S. , Menon Ravi S. , Everling Stefan
Published: October 2020

Understanding the similarity of cortico-subcortical networks topologies between humans and nonhuman primate species is critical to study the origin of network alternations underlying human neurologic and neuropsychiatric diseases. The New World common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) has become popular as a nonhuman primate model for human brain function. Most marmoset connectomic research, however, has exclusively focused on cortical areas, with connectivity to subcortical networks less extensively explored. Here, we aimed to first isolate patterns of subcortical connectivity with cortical resting-state networks in awake marmosets using resting-state fMRI, then to compare these networks with those in humans using connectivity fingerprinting. In this study, we used 5 marmosets (4 males, 1 female). While we could match several marmoset and human resting-state networks based on their functional fingerprints, we also found a few striking differences, for example, strong functional connectivity of the default mode network with the superior colliculus in marmosets that was much weaker in humans. Together, these findings demonstrate that many of the core cortico-subcortical networks in humans are also present in marmosets, but that small, potentially functionally relevant differences exist.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe common marmoset is becoming increasingly popular as an additional preclinical nonhuman primate model for human brain function. Here we compared the functional organization of cortico-subcortical networks in marmosets and humans using ultra-high field fMRI. We isolated the patterns of subcortical connectivity with cortical resting-state networks (RSNs) in awake marmosets using resting-state fMRI and then compared these networks with those in humans using connectivity fingerprinting. While we could match several marmoset and human RSNs based on their functional fingerprints, we also found several striking differences. Together, these findings demonstrate that many of the core cortico-subcortical RSNs in humans are also present in marmosets, but that small, potentially functionally relevant differences exist.
Dissociation of Medial Frontal β-Bursts and Executive Control
Authors: Errington Steven P. , Woodman Geoffrey F. , Schall Jeffrey D.
Published: October 2020

The neural mechanisms of executive and motor control concern both basic researchers and clinicians. In human studies, preparation and cancellation of movements are accompanied by changes in the β-frequency band (15–29 Hz) of electroencephalogram (EEG). Previous studies with human participants performing stop signal (countermanding) tasks have described reduced frequency of transient β-bursts over sensorimotor cortical areas before movement initiation and increased β-bursting over medial frontal areas with movement cancellation. This modulation has been interpreted as contributing to the trial-by-trial control of behavior. We performed identical analyses of EEG recorded over the frontal lobe of macaque monkeys (one male, one female) performing a saccade countermanding task. While we replicate the occurrence and modulation of β-bursts associated with initiation and cancellation of saccades, we found that β-bursts occur too infrequently to account for the observed stopping behavior. We also found β-bursts were more common after errors, but their incidence was unrelated to response time (RT) adaptation. These results demonstrate the homology of this EEG signature between humans and macaques but raise questions about the current interpretation of β band functional significance.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe finding of increased β-bursting over medial frontal cortex with movement cancellation in humans is difficult to reconcile with the finding of modulation too late to contribute to movement cancellation in medial frontal cortex of macaque monkeys. To obtain comparable measurement scales, we recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) over medial frontal cortex of macaques performing a stop signal (countermanding) task. We replicated the occurrence and modulation of β-bursts associated with the cancellation of movements, but we found that β-bursts occur too infrequently to account for observed stopping behavior. Unfortunately, this finding raises doubts whether β-bursts can be a causal mechanism of response inhibition, which impacts future applications in devices such as brain-machine interfaces.
Evidence That the Central Nervous System Can Induce a Modification at the Neuromuscular Junction That Contributes to the Maintenance of a Behavioral Response
Authors: Hoy Kevin C. , Strain Misty M. , Turtle Joel D. , Lee Kuan H. , Huie J. Russell , Hartman John J. , Tarbet Megan M. , Harlow Mark L. , Magnuson David S.K. , Grau James W.
Published: October 2020

Neurons within the spinal cord are sensitive to environmental relations and can bring about a behavioral modification without input from the brain. For example, rats that have undergone a thoracic (T2) transection can learn to maintain a hind leg in a flexed position to minimize exposure to a noxious electrical stimulation (shock). Inactivating neurons within the spinal cord with lidocaine, or cutting communication between the spinal cord and the periphery (sciatic transection), eliminates the capacity to learn, which implies that it depends on spinal neurons. Here we show that these manipulations have no effect on the maintenance of the learned response, which implicates a peripheral process. EMG showed that learning augments the muscular response evoked by motoneuron output and that this effect survives a sciatic transection. Quantitative fluorescent imaging revealed that training brings about an increase in the area and intensity of ACh receptor labeling at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). It is hypothesized that efferent motoneuron output, in conjunction with electrical stimulation of the tibialis anterior muscle, strengthens the connection at the NMJ in a Hebbian manner. Supporting this, paired stimulation of the efferent nerve and tibialis anterior generated an increase in flexion duration and augmented the evoked electrical response without input from the spinal cord. Evidence is presented that glutamatergic signaling contributes to plasticity at the NMJ. Labeling for vesicular glutamate transporter is evident at the motor endplate. Intramuscular application of an NMDAR antagonist blocked the acquisition/maintenance of the learned response and the strengthening of the evoked electrical response.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is designed to faithfully elicit a muscular contraction in response to neural input. From this perspective, encoding environmental relations (learning) and the maintenance of a behavioral modification over time (memory) are assumed to reflect only modifications upstream from the NMJ, within the CNS. The current results challenge this view. Rats were trained to maintain a hind leg in a flexed position to avoid noxious stimulation. As expected, treatments that inhibit activity within the CNS, or disrupt peripheral communication, prevented learning. These manipulations did not affect the maintenance of the acquired response. The results imply that a peripheral modification at the NMJ contributes to the maintenance of the learned response.
COVID-19 and the Long-Standing Vulnerabilities of Older Adults
Authors: Carr Deborah
Published: October 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has taken a devastating toll on the lives of older adults, intensifying long-standing challenges in the US health care system. Persistent health and mortality disparities on the basis of race and socioeconomic status, staffing shortages and insufficient financial resources at some nursing homes, and a reluctance among Americans to make formal plans for their end-of-life health care are problems of heightened magnitude in the pandemic era. Policy solutions like extending Medicare benefits to younger people, increasing Medicaid reimbursement rates, and facilitating formal conversations regarding end-of-life care may help Americans to age and die with dignity.
Analisis SWOT Terhadap Kesesuaian Bahan Ajar Bahasa Mandarin Tingkat SMA di Kota Semarang dengan Kurikulum 2013
Authors: Anggraeni Anggraeni , Komalasari Titin , Apodekta Astrid Antheosiaaretes
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang dan ancaman dari kesesuaian bahan ajar bahasa Mandarin tingkat SMA Kota semarang dengan kurikulum 2013. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah dengan menganalisis kesesuaian dari 5 bahan ajar dari 5 SMA di kota Semarang. Pada 2 bahan ajar terdapat beberapa kesesuaian dengan KD Kurikulum 2013 tahun 2016 kelas XII (kekuatan). Pada 3 bahan ajar yang lain ditemukan tidak sesuai sama sekali dengan KD Kurikulum 2013 tahun 2016 kelas XII (kelemahan). Menyusun bahan ajar sendiri dengan panduan kurikulum 2013 bisa mencapai tujuan pembelajaran pada kurikulum 2013 (peluang). Pemilihan bahan ajar yang tidak didasarkan dari kurikulum 2013 bisa menyebabkan tidak tercapainya tujuan pembelajaran dari kurikulum 2013 (ancaman).This study aims to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the suitability of Mandarin teaching materials at the Semarang City Senior High School level with the 2013 curriculum. The research method used is a research method with a qualitative descriptive approach. The results of this study were to analyze the suitability of 5 teaching materials from 5 high schools in the city of Semarang. In 2 teaching materials, there are several conformities with the XII class of class XII KD Curriculum 2013 (strength). The 3 other teaching materials were found to be not in accordance with the 2013 KD Curriculum 2016 for class XII (weakness). Developing your own teaching materials with the 2013 curriculum guide can achieve the learning objectives in the 2013 curriculum (opportunities). Selection of teaching materials that are not based on the 2013 curriculum can lead to not achieving the learning objectives of the 2013 curriculum (threat).
Diferencias de Género y Estudios de Acceso en las Creencias del Alumnado de Grado en Educación Infantil sobre el Desarrollo de la Autonomía en el Ciclo 0-3
Authors: Herrán Izagirre Elena , Galende Pérez Nuria , Etxebarria Elordui Gorka
Published: October 2020

Este estudio tiene como objetivo profundizar en las creencias y actitudes del alumnado del Grado de Educación Infantil sobre el desarrollo de la autonomía del bebé y niño pequeño (0-3 años). La autonomía temprana se entiende como capacidad preprogramada que impulsa a la cría humana a interactuar con el mundo circundante, tanto físico como humano, de manera progresivamente más activa e independiente. En concreto, el estudio trata de analizar las diferencias en dichas creencias según el género y los estudios de procedencia, en 165 estudiantes universitarios del mencionado Grado. Las respuestas dadas a un cuestionario desarrollado al efecto se mostraron inconsistentes, por lo que se procedió a centrar las puntuaciones. Los resultados muestran diferencias por género coherentes con el carácter feminizado de la profesión y de los estudios. Asimismo, el alumnado proveniente del Grado Superior en Educación Infantil de Formación Profesional tiende a valorar mejor los aspectos prácticos de la profesión que los teóricos o de fundamentación. Esto confirma que los imaginarios de los colectivos que forman la muestra son diferentes según las dos variables elegidas, y plantea un gran reto a la formación de Grado.
Соціально-філософські та етичні аспекти конфлікту і агресивності у спортивній діяльності
Authors: Семенова Юлія , Орленко Олена , Червона Світлана , Салтан Наталія
Published: October 2020

Мета: розв’язання протиріч інтерпретації спорту як чинника ствердження агресивних моделей поведінки і світог-лядних орієнтацій у буденному дискурсі.

Матеріал і методи: звертаючись до результатів філософських, психологічних та інших наукових досліджень з питань агресії, конфліктності, змагальної природи спорту здійснено аналіз перспективи розвитку етичних принципів спорту як соціального інституту.

Результати: залучення індивідуума до спортивної діяльності є стратегією мінімізації агресивності особистості в соціумі: долучаючись до спорту, людина формує звичку дотримуватись правил і спортивної етики, що вона потім буде екстраполювати на реальне життя; у процесі спортивної діяльності людина переживає низку актів психоемоційного переживання, яке долається протягом тренування; командна природа спорту мінімізує загрози утвердження егоїстичних світоглядних орієнтацій, формуючи навички перебування в колективі, і розбудови продуктивної комунікації; якісно організована спортивна діяльність допомагає системному підвищенню результатів і досягнень, забезпечуючи позитивний психологічний клімат.
Висновки: факт залучення до спортивної діяльності фундаментальним чином трансформує світоглядні і психологічні атрибути особистості, проте, прояви агресивності носять більше ситуативний характер, аніж постають системною рисою особистості спортсмена.

Ключові слова агресивність; конфлікт; протистояння в спортивній діяльності; етичні принципи сучасного спорту
Дослідження показників функціонального стану тактильного аналізатора у дітей середнього шкільного віку з вадами зору
Authors: Рядова Ліліана
Published: October 2020

Мета: визначити показники функціонального стану тактильної сенсорної системи в учнів середніх класів з вадами зору.

Матеріал і методи: показники тактильної чутливості визначалися за методом естезіометрії. В дослідженні прийняли участь школярі середніх класів з вадами зору комунального закладу «Харківська спеціальна загальноосвітня школа- інтернат І–ІІІ ступенів № 12» Харківської обласної ради для дітей з вадами зору.

Результати: розглядалися показники тактильної чутливості 3-ої фаланги середнього пальця кисті та середини долоні у дітей середнього шкільного віку з вадами зору.
Висновки: виявлено, що найкращі показники відчуття дотику на 3-ій фаланзі середнього пальця кисті спостерігалися у хлопців 10-го та дівчат 7-го класів; середини долоні – у хлопців 6-го та дівчат 9-го класів.

Ключові слова вади зору, відчуття дотику, діти, середній шкільний вік, тактильна чутливість, функціональний стан тактильного аналізатора.
Організаційні аспекти використання інтернет- маркетингу в діяльності фітнес-клубу
Authors: Середа Наталія
Published: October 2020

Мета – визначити організаційні аспекти використання Інтернет-маркетингу в діяльності фітнес-клубу.

Матеріали і методи: у дослідженні використовувались наступні методи дослідження: аналіз літературних джерел та документів, анкетування, методи маркетингового аналізу, методи математичної статистики. Дослідження проводило- ся на базі 5 фітнес-клубів м. Харкова. Усього у дослідженні прийняли участь 75 осіб. До складу респондентів входили: директори, заступники директора, адміністратори, інструктори, тренери.

Результати: на підставі проведеного маркетингового аналізу сформовано загальну картину можливостей мережі Ін- тернет у маркетинговій політиці фітнес-клубу.
Висновки: у результаті проведеного дослідження узагальнено інформацію стосовно особливостей використання ме- режі Інтернет в діяльності фітнес-клубу. Наведено результати проведеного анкетування стосовно особливостей ви- користання Інтернет-маркетингу в організаційно-управлінській діяльності фітнес-клубу.

Ключові слова маркетинг, Інтернет, фітнес-клуб.
Нові тенденції у тренувальному процесі спортсменів, що спеціалізуються в мотоциклетному кросі на мотоциклах з коляскою
Authors: Сова Марія , Шишка Володимир
Published: October 2020

Мета дослідження полягає в обґрунтуванні методик спеціальної фізичної підготовки спортсменів в мотокросі на мотоциклах з боковим причепом з урахуванням їх індивідуальних особливостей

Завдання дослідження: розробити методику підготовки спортсменів, що спеціалізуються в мотокросі на мотоциклах з коляскою з урахуванням специфіки взаємодії членів екіпажу.

Матеріал і методи: констатувальний педагогічний експеримент було організовано з метою порівняння основних техніко-тактичних показників змагальної діяльності світових лідерів та провідних українських екіпажів у кросі на мотоциклах з колясками, й обґрунтування, на цій підставі, методичних рекомендацій стосовно підготовки наших спортсменів до участі у міжнародних змаганнях найвищого рівня. Усі дослідження з метою порівняння результатів були організовані на одній і тій же трасі – єдиній сертифікованій FIM в Україні мотокросовій трасі асоціації «Техноспорт» у м. Чернівцях довжиною 1620 м.

Результати: видима різниця в швидкості проходження дистанції світовими та українськими лідерами свідчить про істотно вищий рівень спеціальної, функціональної та технічної підготовленості перших, які на більш високих швидкостях долають

перешкоди на дистанції, демонструючи високий рівень універсальності їхньої підготовленості. Виявлено, що спеціальна фізична підготовка наших спортсменів є надійним резервом підвищення їхньої спортивної результативності.

Висновки. Застосування методики побудови якісної структури змагальної рухової діяльності спортсменів у кросі на мотоциклах з колясками дало змогу встановити, що провідною руховою якістю є спеціальна спритність. Другою за значущістю в забезпеченні високого спортивного результату у кросі на мотоциклах з колясками є загальна і спеціальна витривалість членів екіпажу.

Ключові слова мотокрос, вломлення,статичні зусилля,дихальні вправи
Ваго-ростові та амплітудні показники у дітей дошкільного віку із наслідками дисплазії кульшових суглобів
Authors: Руденко Анна , Звіряка Олександр , Арєшина Юлія
Published: October 2020

Мета: вивчити вплив наслідків дисплазії кульшового суглобу на окремі показники фізичного розвитку та амплітуди рухів у дітей дошкільного віку.

Матеріал і методи: дослідження проводилися на базі дошкільних навчальних закладів. Участь взяло 40 дітей 5–6 ро- ків із наслідками дисплазії кульшових суглобів (за результатами аналізу медичної документації). Методи дослідження: теоретичний аналіз та узагальнення літературних джерел; аналіз медичних карток; антропометрія (вимірювання маси тіла, зросту); гоніометрія; методи математичної статистики.

Результати: як у хлопців, так і у дівчат 5-6 років з наслідками дисплазії кульшових суглобів відмічені незначні відхилен- ня у менший бік від середніх нормативних показників маси тіла. Також подібні відхилення зафіксовано за показниками зросту у дівчат 5-6 років. Показники амплітуди згинання на хворій кінцівці були достовірно меншими, ніж на здоровій, у середньому, на 8,05±5,91о (6,9±5,06 %), розгинання – на 3,35±2,63о (17,65±11,68 %), відведення – на 9,05±6,59о (19,02±12,24 %), а внутрішньої ротації – на 6,1±2,81о (11,72±8,81 %). Отримані дані вказували на зниження тонусу м’язів ураженої кінцівки, слабкість суглобово-зв’язкового апарату та зменшення об’єму рухів у кульшовому суглобі. Зміна показників амплітуди внутрішньої ротації хворої кінцівки відбулася на фоні вальгусної деформації колінних і го- мілковостопних суглобів.
Висновки: вплив наслідків дисплазії кульшового суглобу на показники фізичного розвитку проявився у незначному відставанні від нормативних показників маси та зросту обстежених дітей. Порівняльний аналіз амплітуди рухів у куль- шовому суглобі вказував на наявність статистично значимих відхилень між здоровою та хворою кінцівкою за такими напрямками руху, як згинання, розгинання, відведення та внутрішня ротація.

Ключові слова дисплазія кульшового суглобу, наслідки, ваго-ростові показники, амплітуда рухів, діти дошкільного віку.
Structural and financial risks of land capitalization: lessons of domestic history
Authors:   State Institution ", Nebrat Viktoriia ,   Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine", Gorditsa Karolina ,   State Institution "Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine", Gorin Nazar ,   State Institution "Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine"
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the problem of the relationship between expected results and real institutional, structural, and financial consequences of agrarian reforms aimed at the capitalization of land. The purpose of the publication is to summarize the positive and negative experience of the peasant reform of 1861 on changes in the relations of ownership and land use in the budgetary and financial sphere and foreign economic activity. Research is based on the history-institutional methodology using tools of economic comparability, retrospective analysis, and historical reconstruction. It is defined that the opening of the land market and the creation of a system of mortgage land loans allowed to increase the share of private land ownership of peasants, but did not turn them into effective owners and did not solve the problem of peasant land. Rising land prices contributed to the development of land speculation and increased rents, encouraging the farmers to predatory land use and depletion of soils without increasing productivity. The capitalization of land and the expansion of the hired labor market contributed to economic growth, increased government revenues and expenditures, and overcame the chronic state budget deficit. At the same time, the credit indebtedness of peasants grew, while ransom payments depleted peasant farms, reducing the potential for capital formation and investment. The public policy of forcing grain exports and supporting large agribusiness allowed to replenish the gold reserves of the treasury, but also led to the impoverishment of farmers, reduced quality of the exported grain, increased share of fodder crops, and lower share of food crops and finished goods. Intensified international competition to expand the supply of cheap grain led to lower prices, weaker competitive position of domestic exporters, and the growing dependence of the economy on world markets for agricultural products, and the local agrarian business - on foreign capital. The article provides recommendations to the government about taking into account the historical experience in the implementation of modern agrarian transformations, in particular, comprehensive support for farming as the main link of agricultural production and the guarantor of food security of the country. Their implementation will help prevent the risks of over-concentration of land, the proletarianization of the peasantry and its mass migration to cities and abroad, growing environmental problems, and vulnerability of the economy due to increasing dependence on the world markets for agricultural raw materials.
Information Technology of Color Imaging Assessment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae UCM Y-517 Yeast Volutin Granules
Authors:   Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, NAS of Ukraine, Gromozova O.M. , Kachur T.L. ,   Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, NAS of Ukraine, Vishnevsky V.V. ,   Institute of Mathematical Machines and Systems Problems, NAS of Ukraine, Sychev O.S. ,   Institute of Mathematical Machines and Systems Problems, NAS of Ukraine
Published: October 2020

The research is devoted to the development of color imaging information technology, which is relevant for evaluating the results of cytochemical research in both biology and medicine. The aim of this work was to study the validity of software algorithms and integrated information technology for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of metachromasia reaction of volutin granules of Saccharomyces cerevisiae UCM Y-517 yeast. Methods. The object of this study was Saccharomyces cerevisiae UCM Y-517 yeast from the Ukrainian collection of microorganisms. The yeast was cultivated for 24 hours at 28oC. The metachromatic reaction of volutin granules was detected microscopically by the preparation of yeast cells stained with methylene blue. Digital images of cells were transferred to a specialized web resource for computer processing. Results. The algorithm of computer analysis of images included 3 steps: (1) recognition of single volutin granules, (2) assessment of the magnitude of metachromasia for each granule, and (3) integral estimation of the magnitude of metachromasia for the whole image. Information technology was developed and tested to support the daily monitoring of the metachromasia phenomenon, including obtaining the digital images, their transfer to a remote server, and automatic processing. Information technology is integrated into the web portal of the large-scale biophysical experiment “Heliomed”. Conclusions. The proposed method of computer image processing gave a quantitative and qualitative assessment in the automatic mode of metachromatic staining of volutin granules and confirmed the previously proposed classification of this phenomenon on the basis of visual examination.
Changes in Lipid Composition of Streptomyces massasporeus CNMN-AC-06 Biomass after Long-Term Storage
Authors:   Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Garbuzneak A. , Birsa M. ,   Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Burtseva S. ,   Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Chiselita N. ,   Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Chiselita O. ,   Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology
Published: October 2020

Aim. The aim of the research was to determine changes in content and composition of Streptomyces massasporeus CNMN-Ac-06 strain biomass lipid complex during cultivation in various nutrient media after long-term storage. Methods. To obtain the inoculum, S. massasporeus CNMN-Ac-06 strain was cultivated in Dulaney medium. For biomass accumulation, inoculum was cultivated in M-I, SP-I and SP-III. The amount of biomass was determined on the 5th day of culture growth. Intracellular lipids were extracted from streptomycete biomass by Folch method modified in our laboratory. The qualitative and quantitative characteristic of lipid complex composition was determined by thin-layer chromatography. 10% solution of phosphomolybdic acid in ethanol was used as developer. The quantity of individual lipid fractions was determined by densitometry. Results. The studied strain was cultivated in three nutrient liquid media. Cultivation of the strain in M-I medium increases the biomass yield up to 11.53 g/l. In case of SP-III, on the contrary, at the beginning of research, the biomass yield was higher than after storage. The best result of the synthesis of total lipids was noted after SP-I medium use. Analysis of the quantity of main lipid fractions in the biomass showed that the maximum percentage of phospholipids was 12.15% after cultivation in SP-I medium. The amount of sterols in biomass was: in M-I medium – 8.96%, in SP-I medium – 12.15% and in SP-III medium – 14.17%. The smallest amount of mono- and diglycerides in the total lipids of the biomass of this strain was observed after cultivation in SP-III medium, sterol esters in SP-I medium, and waxes in M-I medium. The studies shown that the highest amount of biomass of the strain S. massasporeus CNMN-Ac-06 was noted after cultivation in nutrient medium M-I (11.53 g/l), and the maximum percentage of total lipids after cultivation in medium SP-I (15.85%). Conclusions. The experiments shown that in order to increase the biomass of S. massasporeus CNMN-Ac-06 strain, it is the best to cultivate this microorganism in complex SP-I medium. But, a significant amount of such physiologically important lipid fractions like phospholipids was obtained in SP-I medium and sterols in SP-I and SP-III media.
Bacillus thuringiensis spp. israelensis and Control of Aedes aegypti Invasive Mosquitoes Species in Ecosystems
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Patyka T.I. , Patyka M.V. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: October 2020

The review presents materials on microbiocontrol of vector mosquitoes using entomopathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis (Bti). Control of invasive ectoparasites is a major health issue, as mosquito species are capable of transmitting diseases, including extremely dangerous human and animal infections (malaria, tularemia, yellow fever, hemorrhagic fevers, dengue fever, taiga (or tickborne) encephalitis, filariasis, Ku fever, cattle anaplasmosis and many other infections and invasions). Bti is considered worldwide as a promising microbial agent that combines targeted efficacy in protective measures and environmental safety. The study of the effect of Bti δ-endotoxins on the intestinal epithelium of Aedes genus mosquitoes, search and characterization of specific receptors are extremely important for understanding the mechanism of action and activity of entomocidal proteins, the basis of the pathogenic effect of polytypic B. thuringiensis. Synergism, a combination of selective larvicidal action of natural Bti strains in combination with strategies of resistance emergence preventing demonstrate a wide range of possibilities of their use and unique evolutionary features of this endospore-forming bacterium as a modern larvicidal agent against Aedes aegypti population.
Measuring suicide risk in the elderly with non-institutionalized depression: an integrative review
Authors: Silva Sabrina Piccinelli Zanchettin , Bocchi Silvia Cristina Mangini
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: Analyze the state of the art about instruments, at national and international levels, for assessing the risk of suicide in elderly people with depression assisted in the community. Methods: Integrative review of 38 complete articles, published in journals indexed in the databases: US National Library of Medicine (PubMed Central), Scopus, CINAHL and Web of Science, located using controlled descriptors combined with Boolean operators: elderly OR aged OR older OR elder OR geriatric AND depression AND suicide AND risk assessment. Results: Six instruments were found, all international and published in the English language, in order to identify suicidal behavior and ideation in the elderly. Of these, two are specific scales for assessing the risk of suicide in the elderly in the community: 5-item GDS subscale and Geriatric Suicide Ideation Scale. Final considerations: With the scarcity of national instruments to assess such risk, research is recommended to cross-culturally adapt one of these scales to the Brazilian Portuguese language.
AVALIAÇÃO DAS PROPOSTAS DE EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL VOLTADAS ÀS ÁGUAS EM BACIAS HIDROGRÁFICAS NAS BASES DE DADOS EBSCO, DOAJ E SCIELO
Authors: MEIER MARA ALINI , MAZZARINO JANE MÁRCIA
Published: October 2020

Resumo: O estudo teve o intuito de verificar as práticas de Educação Ambiental (EA) voltadas às águas de bacia hidrográfica (BH), no contexto americano e europeu. A metodologia empregada foi a revisão sistemática com meta-análise qualitativa. A busca por artigos científicos ocorreu nas bases de dados da SCIELO, DOAJ e EBSCO, procurando por textos publicados entre os anos de 1992 e 2016, advindos da Europa e da América, sendo que foram obtidos 20 artigos científicos com esta ênfase. As características gerais das práticas demonstraram a sua concentração na América, com autores centralizados em um tipo de entidade de origem e área do conhecimento. Existe a concentração em práticas de EA formal direcionadas para os jovens, de modo que os objetivos, os métodos e os resultados obtidos nas práticas de EA encontram-se centrados na compreensão teórica das questões ambientais e as estratégias pedagógicas em atividades tradicionais, contudo, há propostas inovadoras, dinâmicas e interativas nessa área.
Management practices and honey characteristics of Melipona eburnea in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Delgado Cesar , Mejía Kember , Rasmussen Claus
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT: Meliponiculture and associated honey production are activities with a great potential for general use and commercialization in the Peruvian Amazon. Lack of management techniques and limited knowledge of honey quality are two factors which may hinder the implementation of meliponiculture. The present study was conducted in three communities in the Peruvian Amazon where the production and physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of honey from Melipona eburnea were evaluated at 90 days following transfer from natural to rational hives. Honey from M. eburnea was also compared with the 90-day-old honey from Melipona grandis, Melipona illota, and Melipona titania. In addition, 180-day-old honey from M. eburnea was sampled and compared with the younger 90-day-old honey. The production of honey varied from 900 to 1400 mL/colony/3 months for M. eburnea. When moisture and total sugars among the different species of Melipona were compared, no significant differences were observed. Neither were there significant differences between the M. eburnea honey at 90 and 180 days of maturation. Microbiological analyses for both treatments had values <0.3/g most probable number (MPN) of coliforms and organisms of fecal origin. Stingless bee honey can therefore be harvested after 3 months, by which time its physicochemical characteristics are stable and it is microbiologically suitable for human consumption.