bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Water-Deficit Stress Tolerance Differs between Two Locoweed Genera (Astragalus and Oxytropis) with Fungal Endophytes
Authors: Klypina Nina , Pinch Matthew , Schutte Brian J. , Maruthavanan Janakiraman , Sterling Tracy M.
Published: June 2017

Locoweeds are plants of the genera Astragalus and Oxytropis (Fabaceae family) and are toxic to cattle, sheep, and horses. The toxic property of locoweeds is due to the alkaloid swainsonine (SWA), which is synthesized by an endophytic fungus Alternaria spp. section Undifilum. Although the endophyte–locoweed complex is often considered mutualistic, empirical evidence for benefits to host plants is lacking. This study: 1) compared the growth, photosynthesis, and leaf pigment and antioxidant concentrations between endophyte-infected and endophyte-free plants under well-watered and water-deficit conditions; and 2) measured SWA to determine whether SWA concentrations are attenuated by water deficit and leaf age. Locoweed species in this study were woolly loco and silky crazyweed. Endophyte-infected and endophyte-free (by removal of seed coat) seedlings, as confirmed by DNA analyses, were grown under greenhouse conditions for 6 mo, after which plants were subjected to three 12- to 15-d water-deficit periods that created sublethal drought conditions. Results suggest that the endophyte did not influence photosynthetic gas exchange and leaf pigment concentrations. Under well-watered conditions only, endophyte-infected woolly loco plants had lower shoot and root biomass and higher concentrations of α-tocopherol than endophyte-free plants. SWA analyses revealed taxon-specific effects of water deficit, with water deficit increasing SWA concentrations in young leaves of woolly loco but not affecting SWA concentration in silky crazyweed. These results suggest that the endophyte behaves as a parasite in woolly loco plants grown under optimal but not under water-limited conditions. Further, results indicate that drought conditions elevate the toxicity of woolly loco plants. Improved understanding of endophyte-locoweed interactions and factors influencing SWA levels will contribute to the development of livestock management strategies to predict toxicity in particular locoweed populations.
Single-molecule quantum dot as a Kondo simulator
Authors: Hiraoka R. , Minamitani E. , Arafune R. , Tsukahara N. , Watanabe S. , Kawai M. , Takagi N.
Published: June 2017

Structural flexibility of molecule-based systems is key to realizing the novel functionalities. Tuning the structure in the atomic scale enables us to manipulate the quantum state in the molecule-based system. Here we present the reversible Hamiltonian manipulation in a single-molecule quantum dot consisting of an iron phthalocyanine molecule attached to an Au electrode and a scanning tunnelling microscope tip. We precisely controlled the position of Fe2+ ion in the molecular cage by using the tip, and tuned the Kondo coupling between the molecular spins and the Au electrode. Then, we realized the crossover between the strong-coupling Kondo regime and the weak-coupling regime governed by spin–orbit interaction in the molecule. The results open an avenue to simulate low-energy quantum many-body physics and quantum phase transition through the molecular flexibility.
Possible Weyl fermions in the magnetic Kondo system CeSb
Authors: Guo Chunyu , Cao Chao , Smidman Michael , Wu Fan , Zhang Yongjun , Steglich Frank , Zhang Fu-Chun , Yuan Huiqiu
Published: June 2017

Materials where the electronic bands have unusual topologies allow for the realisation of novel physics and have a wide range of potential applications. When two electronic bands with linear dispersions intersect at a point, the excitations could be described as Weyl fermions, which are massless particles with a particular chirality. Here we report evidence for the presence of Weyl fermions in the ferromagnetic state of the low-carrier density, strongly correlated Kondo lattice system CeSb, from electronic structure calculations and angle-dependent magnetoresistance measurements. When the applied magnetic field is parallel to the electric current, a pronounced negative magnetoresistance is observed within the ferromagnetic state, which is destroyed upon slightly rotating the field away. These results give evidence for CeSb belonging to a new class of Kondo lattice materials with Weyl fermions in the ferromagnetic state.
Social Coordination Information in Dynamic Chase Modulates EEG Mu Rhythm
Authors: Yin Jun , Ding Xiaowei , Xu Haokui , Zhang Feng , Shen Mowei
Published: June 2017

Understanding actions plays an impressive role in our social life. Such processing has been suggested to be reflected by EEG Mu rhythm (8–13 Hz in sensorimotor regions). However, it remains unclear whether Mu rhythm is modulated by the social nature of coordination information in interactive actions (i.e., inter-dependency). This study used a novel manipulation of social coordination information: in a computer-based task, participants viewed a replay of two chasers chasing a common target coordinately (coordinated chase) or independently (solo chase). Simultaneously, to distinguish the potential effect of social coordination information from that of object-directed goal information, a control version of each condition was created by randomizing one chaser’s movement. In a second experiment, we made the target invisible to participants to control for low-level properties. Watching replays of coordinated chases induced stronger Mu suppression than solo chases, although both involved a common target. These effects were not explained by attention mechanisms or low-level physical patterns (e.g., the degree of physical synchronization). Therefore, the current findings suggest that processing social coordination information can be reflected by Mu rhythm. This function of Mu rhythm may characterize the activity of human mirror neuron system.
Evolutionary dynamics of N-person Hawk-Dove games
Authors: Chen Wei , Gracia-Lázaro Carlos , Li Zhiwu , Wang Long , Moreno Yamir
Published: June 2017

In the animal world, the competition between individuals belonging to different species for a resource often requires the cooperation of several individuals in groups. This paper proposes a generalization of the Hawk-Dove Game for an arbitrary number of agents: the N-person Hawk-Dove Game. In this model, doves exemplify the cooperative behavior without intraspecies conflict, while hawks represent the aggressive behavior. In the absence of hawks, doves share the resource equally and avoid conflict, but having hawks around lead to doves escaping without fighting. Conversely, hawks fight for the resource at the cost of getting injured. Nevertheless, if doves are present in sufficient number to expel the hawks, they can aggregate to protect the resource, and thus avoid being plundered by hawks. We derive and numerically solve an exact equation for the evolution of the system in both finite and infinite well-mixed populations, finding the conditions for stable coexistence between both species. Furthermore, by varying the different parameters, we found a scenario of bifurcations that leads the system from dominating hawks and coexistence to bi-stability, multiple interior equilibria and dominating doves.
Fungus-derived hydroxyl radicals kill hepatic cells by enhancing nuclear transglutaminase
Authors: Shrestha Ronak , Shrestha Rajan , Qin Xian-Yang , Kuo Ting-Fang , Oshima Yugo , Iwatani Shun , Teraoka Ryutaro , Fujii Keisuke , Hara Mitsuko , Li Mengqian , Takahashi-Nakaguchi Azusa , Chibana Hiroji , Lu Jun , Cai Muyi , Kajiwara Susumu , Kojima Soichi
Published: June 2017

We previously reported the importance of induced nuclear transglutaminase (TG) 2 activity, which results in hepatic cell death, in ethanol-induced liver injury. Here, we show that co-incubation of either human hepatic cells or mouse primary hepatocytes derived from wild-type but not TG2−/− mice with pathogenic fungi Candida albicans and C. glabrata, but not baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, induced cell death in host cells by enhancing cellular, particularly nuclear, TG activity. Further pharmacological and genetic approaches demonstrated that this phenomenon was mediated partly by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydroxyl radicals, as detected by a fluorescent probe and electron spin resonance. A ROS scavenger, N-acetyl cysteine, blocked enhanced TG activity primarily in the nuclei and inhibited cell death. In contrast, deletion of C. glabrata nox-1, which encodes a ROS-generating enzyme, resulted in a strain that failed to induce the same phenomena. A similar induction of hepatic ROS and TG activities was observed in C. albicans-infected mice. An antioxidant corn peptide fraction inhibited these phenomena in hepatic cells. These results address the impact of ROS-generating pathogens in inducing nuclear TG2-related liver injuries, which provides novel therapeutic targets for preventing and curing alcoholic liver disease.
Distributed quasi-Bragg beam splitter in crossed atomic waveguides
Authors: Guarrera V. , Moore R. , Bunting A. , Vanderbruggen T. , Ovchinnikov Y. B.
Published: June 2017

We perform an experimental and theoretical study of a novel distributed quasi-Bragg splitter for cold atoms propagating in crossed optical waveguides. The atoms are guided by horizontal red-detuned laser beams which cross with an angle of roughly 90°. The lattice formed by the interference between the two waveguides is used as a quasi-Bragg splitter to continuously deflect the atomic flux from one waveguide into the other. In the limit of strong waveguide confinement and depending on the velocity of the cloud, three main regimes are observed corresponding (1) to the absence of reflection, (2) to partial reflection and (3) to full reflection into the second waveguide. In view of the application to atom interferometry, the condition to split the cloud into mainly two equally-populated fragments is only met in the highest velocity regime, where the fraction of reflected and transmitted atoms can be controlled by tuning the lattice height. A diagnostic of the momentum distribution shows that a quasi-Bragg splitter with the occupation of mainly two momentum states is achieved in this regime. This behaviour can be understood by considering the band structure associated with the potential in the crossing region and agrees with numerical simulations of the atomic dynamics.
Experimental demonstration of robust entanglement distribution over reciprocal noisy channels assisted by a counter-propagating classical reference light
Authors: Ikuta Rikizo , Nozaki Shota , Yamamoto Takashi , Koashi Masato , Imoto Nobuyuki
Published: June 2017

Embedding a quantum state in a decoherence-free subspace (DFS) formed by multiple photons is one of the promising methods for robust entanglement distribution of photonic states over collective noisy channels. In practice, however, such a scheme suffers from a low efficiency proportional to transmittance of the channel to the power of the number of photons forming the DFS. The use of a counter-propagating coherent pulse can improve the efficiency to scale linearly in the channel transmission, but it achieves only protection against phase noises. Recently, it was theoretically proposed [Phys. Rev. A 87, 052325(2013)] that the protection against bit-flip noises can also be achieved if the channel has a reciprocal property. Here we experimentally demonstrate the proposed scheme to distribute polarization-entangled photon pairs against a general collective noise including the bit flip noise and the phase noise. We observed an efficient sharing rate scaling while keeping a high quality of the distributed entangled state. Furthermore, we show that the method is applicable not only to the entanglement distribution but also to the transmission of arbitrary polarization states of a single photon.
Cloning and characterization of the first serine carboxypeptidase from a plant parasitic nematode, Radopholus similis
Authors: Huang Xin , Xu Chun-Ling , Chen Wan-Zhu , Chen Chun , Xie Hui
Published: June 2017

Radopholus similis is an important parasitic nematode of plants. Serine carboxypeptidases (SCPs) are peptidases that hydrolyse peptides and proteins and play critical roles in the development, invasion, and pathogenesis of certain parasitic nematodes and other animal pathogens. In this study, we obtained the full-length sequence of the SCP gene from R. similis (Rs-scp-1), which is 1665 bp long and includes a 1461-bp open reading frames encoding 486 amino acids with an 18-aa signal peptide. This gene is a double-copy gene in R. similis. Rs-scp-1 was expressed in the procorpus, esophageal glands and intestines of females and in the esophageal glands and intestines of juveniles. Rs-scp-1 expression levels were highest in females, followed by juveniles and males, and lowest in eggs. Rs-scp-1 expression levels were significantly suppressed after R. similis was soaked in Rs-scp-1 dsRNA for 12 h. Nematodes were then inoculated into Anthurium andraeanum after RNAi treatment. Compared with water treatment, R. similis treated with RNAi were reduced in number and pathogenicity. In summary, we obtained the first SCP gene from a plant parasitic nematode and confirmed its role in the parasitic process.
Prospectively isolated mesenchymal stem/stromal cells are enriched in the CD73+ population and exhibit efficacy after transplantation
Authors: Suto Eriko Grace , Mabuchi Yo , Suzuki Nobuharu , Suzuki Koji , Ogata Yusuke , Taguchi Miyu , Muneta Takeshi , Sekiya Ichiro , Akazawa Chihiro
Published: June 2017

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), which reside in the bone marrow (BM) and various other tissues, can self-renew and differentiate into mesenchymal lineages. Many groups have harvested rat MSCs (rMSCs) from rat BM (rBM) by using a flush-out procedure and have evaluated surface marker expression after long-term culture. However, MSCs gradually differentiate during expansion and exhibit altered proliferation rates, morphological features and functions in vitro. Variations in MSC isolation methods may alter the effectiveness of therapeutic applications. Here, on the basis of CD29 (Itgb1) and CD54 (Icam1) expression, we prospectively isolated a population with a high colony-forming ability and multi-lineage potential from the rBM, and we demonstrated that most of these cells expressed CD73. Successful engraftment of rMSCs was achieved by using a fluorescence-conjugated anti-CD73 antibody. In humans and mice, MSCs were also purified by CD73, thus suggesting that CD73 may serve as a universal marker for prospective isolation of MSCs. Our results may facilitate investigations of MSC properties and function.
In-vivo X-ray Dark-Field Chest Radiography of a Pig
Authors: Gromann Lukas B. , De Marco Fabio , Willer Konstantin , Noël Peter B. , Scherer Kai , Renger Bernhard , Gleich Bernhard , Achterhold Klaus , Fingerle Alexander A. , Muenzel Daniela , Auweter Sigrid , Hellbach Katharina , Reiser Maximilian , Baehr Andrea , Dmochewitz Michaela , Schroeter Tobias J. , Koch Frieder J. , Meyer Pascal , Kunka Danays , Mohr Juergen , Yaroshenko Andre , Maack Hanns-Ingo , Pralow Thomas , van der Heijden Hendrik , Proksa Roland , Koehler Thomas , Wieberneit Nataly , Rindt Karsten , Rummeny Ernst J. , Pfeiffer Franz , Herzen Julia
Published: June 2017

X-ray chest radiography is an inexpensive and broadly available tool for initial assessment of the lung in clinical routine, but typically lacks diagnostic sensitivity for detection of pulmonary diseases in their early stages. Recent X-ray dark-field (XDF) imaging studies on mice have shown significant improvements in imaging-based lung diagnostics. Especially in the case of early diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), XDF imaging clearly outperforms conventional radiography. However, a translation of this technique towards the investigation of larger mammals and finally humans has not yet been achieved. In this letter, we present the first in-vivo XDF full-field chest radiographs (32 × 35 cm2) of a living pig, acquired with clinically compatible parameters (40 s scan time, approx. 80 µSv dose). For imaging, we developed a novel high-energy XDF system that overcomes the limitations of currently established setups. Our XDF radiographs yield sufficiently high image quality to enable radiographic evaluation of the lungs. We consider this a milestone in the bench-to-bedside translation of XDF imaging and expect XDF imaging to become an invaluable tool in clinical practice, both as a general chest X-ray modality and as a dedicated tool for high-risk patients affected by smoking, industrial work and indoor cooking.
Inner ear ossification and mineralization kinetics in human embryonic development - microtomographic and histomorphological study
Authors: Richard Céline , Courbon Guillaume , Laroche Norbert , Prades Jean Michel , Vico Laurence , Malaval Luc
Published: June 2017

Little is known about middle and inner ear development during the second and third parts of human fetal life. Using ultra-high resolution Microcomputed Tomography coupled with bone histology, we performed the first quantitative middle and inner ear ossification/mineralization evaluation of fetuses between 17 and 39 weeks of gestational age. We show distinct ossification paces between ossicles, with a belated development of the stapes. A complete cochlear bony covering is observed within the time-frame of the onset of hearing, whereas distinct time courses of ossification for semicircular canal envelopes are observed in relation to the start of vestibular functions. The study evidences a spatio-temporal relationship between middle and inner ear structure development and the onset of hearing and balance, critical senses for the fetal adaptation to birth.
Mechanistic action of weak acid drugs on biofilms
Authors: Kundukad Binu , Schussman Megan , Yang Kaiyuan , Seviour Thomas , Yang Liang , Rice Scott A. , Kjelleberg Staffan , Doyle Patrick S.
Published: June 2017

Selective permeability of a biofilm matrix to some drugs has resulted in the development of drug tolerant bacteria. Here we studied the efficacy of a weak organic acid drug, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), on the eradication of biofilms formed by the mucoid strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and investigated the commonality of this drug with that of acetic acid. We showed that NAC and acetic acid at pH < pKa can penetrate the matrix and eventually kill 100% of the bacteria embedded in the biofilm. Once the bacteria are killed, the microcolonies swell in size and passively shed bacteria, suggesting that the bacteria act as crosslinkers within the extracellular matrix. Despite shedding of the bacteria, the remnant matrix remains intact and behaves as a pH-responsive hydrogel. These studies not only have implications for drug design but also offer a route to generate robust soft matter materials.
Environmentally driven extinction and opportunistic origination explain fern diversification patterns
Authors: Lehtonen Samuli , Silvestro Daniele , Karger Dirk Nikolaus , Scotese Christopher , Tuomisto Hanna , Kessler Michael , Peña Carlos , Wahlberg Niklas , Antonelli Alexandre
Published: June 2017

Combining palaeontological and neontological data offers a unique opportunity to investigate the relative roles of biotic and abiotic controls of species diversification, and the importance of origination versus extinction in driving evolutionary dynamics. Ferns comprise a major terrestrial plant radiation with an extensive evolutionary history providing a wealth of modern and fossil data for modelling environmental drivers of diversification. Here we develop a novel Bayesian model to simultaneously estimate correlations between diversification dynamics and multiple environmental trajectories. We estimate the impact of different factors on fern diversification over the past 400 million years by analysing a comprehensive dataset of fossil occurrences and complement these findings by analysing a large molecular phylogeny. We show that origination and extinction rates are governed by fundamentally different processes: originations depend on within-group diversity but are largely unaffected by environmental changes, whereas extinctions are strongly affected by external factors such as climate and geology. Our results indicate that the prime driver of fern diversity dynamics is environmentally driven extinction, with origination being an opportunistic response to diminishing ecospace occupancy.
Znf179 induces differentiation and growth arrest of human primary glioblastoma multiforme in a p53-dependent cell cycle pathway
Authors: Lee Kuen-Haur , Chen Chi-Long , Lee Yi-Chao , Kao Tzu-Jen , Chen Kai-Yun , Fang Chih-Yeu , Chang Wen-Chang , Chiang Yung-Hsaio , Huang Chi-Chen
Published: June 2017

Malignant glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor with strong local invasive growth and a poor prognosis. One probable way to manipulate GBM cells toward a less invasive status is to reprogram the most malignant GBM cells to a more differentiated and less oncogenic phenotype. Herein, we identified a novel role of a RING finger protein Znf179 in gliomagenesis. Znf179 overexpression induced differentiation of primary GBM cells, which were accompanied with elevated glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression through up-regulating several cell-cycle-related factors, p53, p21, and p27, and allowed the cell-cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. In addition, Znf179 was highly correlated with the prognosis and survival rates of glioma patients. The expression levels of Znf179 was relatively lower in glioma patients compared to normal people, and glioma patients with lower expression levels of Znf179 mRNA had poorer prognosis and lower survival rates. In conclusion, we provide novel insight that Znf179 can reprogram GBM cells into a more-differentiated phenotype and prevent the progression of gliomas to a more-malignant state through p53-mediated cell-cycle signaling pathways. Understanding the molecular mechanism of Znf179 in gliomagenesis could help predict prognostic consequences, and targeting Znf179 could be a potential biomarker for glioma progression.
Correction: Corrigendum: Flow cytometry may allow microscope-independent detection of holocentric chromosomes in plants
Authors: Zedek František , Veselý Pavel , Horová Lucie , Bureš Petr
Published: June 2017

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 27161; published online: 03 June 2016; updated: 30 June 2017 This Article contains typographical errors in the Acknowledgements section. “We would like to thank to Adéla Jirků, Luboš Maťaš and Jan Hladík from Bioster Company for all their efforts and assistance with the gamma irradiation of our samples”.
Effects of bioactive compounds on senescence and components of senescence associated secretory phenotypes in vitro
Authors: Mária Janubová , Ingrid Žitňanová
Published: June 2017

Senescence is a permanent cell cycle arrest that is accompanied by changes in cell morphology and physiology occurringin vitroandin vivo.
Efficient Ugi reactions in an aqueous vesicle system
Authors: Madej Arleta , Paprocki Daniel , Koszelewski Dominik , Żądło-Dobrowolska Anna , Brzozowska Anna , Walde Peter , Ostaszewski Ryszard
Published: June 2017

A new, alternative route for the synthesis of a variety of α-aminoacyl amides via the four-component Ugi reaction in the presence of different surfactants in aqueous solution was investigated. High reaction yields were obtained in many cases with vesicles formed from DDAB.
Language and False-Belief Task Performance in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Jeffrey Farrar M. , Seung Hye Kyeung , Lee Hyeonjin
Published: June 2017

Purpose

Language is related to false-belief (FB) understanding in both typically developing children and children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The current study examined the role of complementation and general language in FB understanding. Of interest was whether language plays similar or different roles in the groups' FB performance.

Method

Participants were 16 typically developing children (mean age = 5.0 years; mental age = 6.7) and 18 with ASD (mean age = 7.3 years; mental age = 8.3). Children were administered FB and language tasks (say- andthink-complements), receptive and expressive vocabulary tests, and relative clauses.

Results

When mental age and receptive and expressive vocabulary were used as separate covariates, the typical control group outperformed the children with ASD in FB task performance. Chi-square analyses indicated that passing both complementation tasks was linked to the FB understanding of children with ASD. Children with ASD who passed FB tasks all passedsay- andthink-complement tasks. However, some children in the control group were able to pass the FB tasks, even if they failed thesay- andthink-complement tasks.

Conclusion

The results indicate that children with ASD relied more on complement understanding to pass FB than typically developing children. Results are discussed regarding the developmental pathways for FB understanding.
Image enhancement for outdoor long‐range surveillance using IQ‐learning multiscale Retinex
Authors: Liu Haoting , Lu Hanqing , Zhang Yu
Published: June 2017

The visible light camera‐based long‐range surveillance always suffers from the complex atmosphere. When applying some traditional image enhancement methods, the computational effects behave limited because of their poor environment adaptability. To conquer that problem, a blind image quality (IQ) learning‐based multiscale Retinex, i.e. the IQ‐learning multiscale Retinex, is proposed. First, a series of typical degenerated images are collected. Second, several blind IQ evaluation metrics are computed for the dataset above. They are the image brightness degree, the image region contrast degree, the image edge blur degree, the image colour quality degree, and the image noise degree. Third, a wavelet transform multi‐scale Retinex (WT_MSR) is used to carry out the basic image enhancement. A kind of optimal enhancement is implemented by the subjective evaluation and tuning of multiple optimal control parameters (MOCPs) of WT_MSR for these degenerated dataset. Fourth, the back propagation neural network (BPNN) is used to build a connection between the IQ metrics and the MOCPs. Finally, when a new image is captured, this system will compute its IQ metrics and estimate the MOCPs for the WT_MSR by BPNN; then a kind of optimal enhancement can be realised. Many outdoor applications have shown the effectiveness of proposed method.
Triple droop control method for ac microgrids
Authors: Xia Yanghong , Peng Yonggang , Wei Wei
Published: June 2017

In this study, a novel droop control method for ac microgrids is proposed to enhance the performance of power regulation, which is composed of three parts. The angle droop and the frequency droop are adopted to control the active power in coordination, while the modified voltage droop is used to control the reactive power. There are several improvements in this proposed triple droop control method compared with the conventional droop control. First, the dynamics of active power regulation are enhanced because of the angle droop. Second, the stability of the system is upgraded and the droop coefficients can vary in greater range. Third, the accuracy of reactive power regulation is improved, especially in the grid‐connected mode, the DGs can output the specified reactive power with the modified voltage droop, which benefits the economic dispatch of the microgrid. Through these three combined droop control strategies, the performance of the whole system can be improved a lot whether in the grid‐connected mode or the islanded mode. Furthermore, the stability of the proposed triple droop control is analysed, which shows that the stability of the system is upgraded. The effectiveness of the proposed control method is verified by the hardware‐in‐loop tests.
One‐step hydrothermal route to synthesise BiIO4/Bi2O2 (BO2 OH) heterostructure with improved photocatalytic performance
Authors: Yang Jie , Pan Xiaolong , Bi Ke , Lin Sen , Liang Ce , Yao Chongchong , Du Yinxiao , Liu Jun , Fan Dongyu , Yang Hujiang , Wang Yonggang , Lei Ming
Published: June 2017

BiIO4/Bi2O2 (BO2 OH) heterostructure is successfully synthesised by the method of one‐step hydrothermal treatment. Characterisation of BiIO4/Bi2O2 (BO2 OH) heterostructure is performed by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy and ultraviolet (UV)–visible diffuse reflectance. The photocatalytic activity is measured by the decomposition of rhodamine B under UV light irradiation. Compared with Bi2O2 (BO2 OH), BiIO4 and P25, it is noted that 35 wt% BiIO4/Bi2O2 (BO2 OH) exhibits better performance on degradation. The type‐II band alignment of the heterostructure and the decreased recombination rate of electron–hole pairs contribute to this significant enhancement of decomposition of organic contaminations.
Neumoquiste Vertebral en Columna Lumbar: Reporte de un Caso y Revisión de la Literatura
Authors: Fleiderman José , Justiniano Pablo , Cirillo Ignacio , Wilkens Ana , Chiang Francisco
Published: June 2017

Los neumoquistes intraóseos, son lesiones cavitadas de contenido gaseoso, las cuales generalmente son encontradas como hallazgos incidentales en exámenes imagenológicos a nivel sacroiliaco, pubis, sacro, clavícula, cabeza humeral, columna cervical, torácica y en menor medida, en la columna lumbar.

La tomografía computarizada es el examen de elección para realizar la confirmación diagnóstica y descartar diagnósticos diferenciales, y su patrón característico se describe como una lesión de aspecto quística con atenuación por gas intralesión con rangos entre -950 y -580 H.

El diagnóstico diferencial debe incluir otras posibles causas de gas intraóseo como osteomielitis, osteonecrosis, quistes óseos o subcondrales, entre otros.

Si bien la progresión natural del neumoquiste intraoseo es desconocida, distintos autores han descrito que en seguimientos radiológicos hasta 4 años, el tamaño de las lesiones se mantiene estable, e incluso en otros casos se han resuelto de manera espontánea, sin embargo, en otros se ha reportado un crecimiento progresivo en seguimiento de 16 meses.

En cuanto al manejo del neumoquiste intraóseo, en la mayoría de los casos reportados se ha observado una evolución benigna, con manejo conservador de las lesiones, sin embargo frente a lesiones de gran tamaño con riesgo de fractura patológica se debe plantear la posibilidad de manejo quirúrgico con corpectomía e injerto óseo.

Debido a la escasa evidencia respecto de esa lesión, es que se reporta un caso de neumoquiste vertebral lumbar, describiendo su estudio, evolución y manejo.
Orbital Subperiosteal Hematoma in the Newborn Causing Unilateral Proptosis: Ultrasound as First-Line Imaging Modality
Authors: Angkasa Florencia , Mohammadi Leila , Taranath Deepa , Taranath Ajay , Brecht Marcus
Published: June 2017

Proptosis in the neonatal period is relatively infrequent and has diverse underlying etiologies. One of the more common causes appears to be orbital subperiosteal hematoma. Early detection, differentiation from other causes, and regular follow-up are essential as loss of vision can occur. We describe two cases of neonatal proptosis caused by orbital subperiosteal hematoma highlighting different diagnostic and management approaches, and provide a summary of previously reported cases. Spontaneous resolution occurs in most cases; however, emergent surgical evacuation is warranted in cases of optic nerve compression. This is the first report to provide orbital ultrasound images of uncomplicated neonatal orbital subperiosteal hematoma. Orbital ultrasound followed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a valid nonradiation approach for assessing neonatal proptosis due to subperiosteal orbital hematoma.
The Impact of cfDNA Screening on the Frequency of Invasive Procedures in a Geographically Diverse Private Network
Authors: Combs C. , Maurel Kimberly , Abril Diana , Das Anita , Garite Thomas ,   and the Obstetrix Collaborative Research Network
Published: June 2017

Objective Cell-free fetal DNA (cfDNA) screening has had a dramatic impact in obstetrics. We examined the impact of cfDNA screening in a network of geographically diverse referral maternal–fetal medicine (MFM) private practices.

Study Design Data were derived from the genetic clinics of 16 testing centers from a wide geographic area and included all women undergoing either amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS) during a 6-month control period versus a 30-month study period.

Results During the control period, there were 193 amniocenteses and 47 CVS/month. During the last 6 months of the study, amniocenteses dropped to 52/month and CVS to 18/month. Positive aneuploid test results per procedure increased from 6.9% during the control period to 15.0% during the last 6 months of the study period. However, the overall number of aneuploidy results decreased from 16.7/month to of 10.5/month.

Conclusion Our study demonstrates the dramatic changes in the era of cfDNA screening on reducing the frequency of amniocentesis and CVS associated with a higher percentage of positive results per procedure. There was an unexpected decrease in aneuploid fetuses diagnosed over the study period, which could reflect decisions regarding genetically abnormal fetuses being made without a definitive diagnostic procedure.
Familial Translocation t(5;15)(p14.2;q26.2) Causing a Mirror Combination of Several Known Genetic Conditions
Authors: Goldberg Yael , Berger Racheli , Peleg Amir , Sagi-Dain Lena
Published: June 2017

Two siblings with an unbalanced cytogenetic composition are described: a brother with partial trisomy 5p and distal 15q microdeletion, and a sister with partial monosomy 5p and distal 15q microduplication, resulting from a familial balanced translocation 46,XY; t(5;15)(p14.2;q26.2). To our best knowledge, there are no previous clinical and cytogenetic reports in the literature describing a family with concomitant presence of such a unique mirror combination. Clinical features of pure imbalances and the effects of their combination are discussed.
Genetic association between stayability, and productive and reproductive traits in Holstein cows
Authors: Rocha Graziela M. F. , Cobuci Jaime A. , Costa Cláudio N. , Abreu Luíza R. A. , Mota Lúcio F. M. , Pires Aldrin V. , Villela Severino D. J. , Martins Paulo G. M. A.
Published: June 2017

The objective was to estimate the genetic parameters for the cow’s ability to stay in the herd (stayability) until 48 and 54 months of age (STAY48 and STAY54) and up to 36 and 48 months after the first calving (STAY36ac and STAY48ac), and their associations with 305-day milk production (MP305) in the first lactation, age at first calving and first calving interval, from the first three lactations of cows reared in Brazil and born between 1987 and 2006. The covariance components were estimated by bivariate analyses, using the Bayesian approach. The a posteriori distributions of the components of interest were obtained with the Gibbs sampler. Fixed effect of contemporary group, additive and residual random genetic effect, and age of dam as covariate (linear and quadratic) were included in the analyses. Low heritability values were obtained for most traits, except for STAY48ac and MP305. Genetic correlation estimates between age at first calving and stayability traits were high and positive, except for STAY48ac. In addition, we detected genetic correlations between MP305 and STAY36ac and STAY48ac. In conclusion, we can infer that genetic correlations between MP305, and STAY36ac and STAY48ac indicate that the current focus on selection of animals for improved milk production in the first lactation can lead to genetic gains on longevity, although not expressive.
Embodied argumentation in public debates
Authors: Jacquin Jérôme
Published: June 2017

This chapter examines argumentative talk-in-interaction in video-recorded public debates held in Switzerland, during which all the participants were temporally and spatially co-present. It focuses on the issue of segmenting talk into argumentative moves, by looking at the way gestures combine with the verbal mode to enhance and display the different steps of the ongoing argumentation (e.g. when the speaker moves from one argument to another, or from an argument to the conclusion). In other words, while the embodied dimension of argumentation in talk-in-interaction remains largely unexplored, the chapter provides empirical evidence for the way argumentation is multimodally produced and processed in context. Three specific gestures are considered: gestures claiming the floor, gestures pointing to a participant, and metaphoric grasping gestures. The chapter concludes with suggestions for further lines of research.
Carrying, caring, and conversing
Authors: Hodges Bert H.
Published: June 2017

Social and ecological research and theory are used to elaborate and enrich two important sets of accounts of language origins. One is the interdependence and shared intentionality hypothesis (e.g.,Tomasello, 2014a) of the ways in which humans became cooperative and conforming in ways that other apes did not, eventually leading to language. A second set of accounts addresses the emergence of bipedalism and its connections to language and to many other anatomical, cognitive, and social features that are distinctive in humans. Particular attention is given to the carrying and caretaking of infants. Research and theory challenging common assumptions about the role of conformity in cooperation and conversation are reviewed and integrated into these accounts. Together these varying perspectives point toward a more dialogical, dynamic, and distributed understanding of social interactions and the values that motivate and constrain humans’ social and linguistic skills.
Before Suicide
Authors: Robins Eli
Published: June 2017

This chapter explores the differences in planning of outcome by those who attempt and those who complete suicide. It first considers similar studies into this topic, before discussing the prevalence of previous suicide attempts in this study sample, as well as other events occurring prior to suicide, including hospitalization, homicidal acts, and method of suicide.
Module 1: Introduction to Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
Authors: Gallagher-Thompson Dolores , Thompson Larry W.
Published: June 2017

This chapter outlines the first module of CBT for late-life depression, including an introduction to CBT. It discusses client history and complaint assessment using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), presentation of the CBT approach, the A-B-C model, downward spiral, expectations of CBT and the importance of home practice, as well as case conceptualization.
Module 6: Communication Tools
Authors: Gallagher-Thompson Dolores , Thompson Larry W.
Published: June 2017

This chapter outlines the sixth module of CBT for late-life depression, which covers communication tools, including the communication continuum (passive, aggressive, and effective/assertive communication styles), effective communication in conflicted situations, role playing activities, and techniques to improve interpersonal effectiveness, such as ‘I’ statements, compromise, repetition, and techniques for developing new relationships.
Informational Session with Spouse, Partner, or Family Member (if applicable)
Authors: Safren Steven A. , Sprich Susan E. , Perlman Carol A. , Otto Michael W.
Published: June 2017

This chapter describes an optional session in the treatment program for adults with ADHD that includes a spouse, partner, or family member. Involving a family member in treatment allows clients to gain support and to decrease tension in the relationship related to ADHD symptoms. The session would include psychoeducation for the family member about ADHD in adulthood. An overview of the treatment program would be provided. The role that the family member can play in the client’s treatment is discussed.
Organizational Systems
Authors: Safren Steven A. , Sprich Susan E. , Perlman Carol A. , Otto Michael W.
Published: June 2017

The main goal of this chapter is for the adult client with ADHD to learn strategies for developing organizational systems. Information is presented on how to develop a system for sorting mail, reducing the chance that important mail or bills will be misplaced. Having an organizational system in place will decrease difficulties related to poor organization such as feeling overwhelmed or out of control, paying late fees, and missing out on opportunities because of missed deadlines or lost paperwork.The chapter also covers how to develop systems for other items that might be problematic, including papers, electronic files, emails, and household items. Clients are encouraged to develop organizational systems that are both simple and effective.
Implementation: Feedback and Guidelines
Authors: Kolko David J. , Vernberg Eric M.
Published: June 2017

This chapter discusses implementation of the techniques covered in the Guide, their intent, and some of the sources for these techniques. It addresses who the Guide is intended for. The chapter states the importance of including and training mental health practitioners in the assessment and treatment of fire-involved youth, and collaboration with key community resources such as juvenile justice services, schools, child protective services, or fire departments. It provides a series of lessons learned from clinical practice. The chapter stresses integrating the practitioner’s clinical skills and knowledge with the information in the Guide, to best suit each individual case. It concludes with some home practice techniques for clients, and a discussion of how to use this Guide.
Basic Parenting Skills: Building Positive Parent-Child Relationships
Authors: Kolko David J. , Vernberg Eric M.
Published: June 2017

The chapter prepares clinician for a discussion with parents about their monitoring, supervision, and discipline practices. It provides instructional scripts for teaching planned ignoring and positive reinforcement, how and when to use consequences and rewards, and suggestions for one-on-one time and encouragement from the parent. Useful sections include using specific rewards, types of rewards, using effective instructions, and using “when-then” statements. The chapter makes use of forms provided in appendix C, which are useful tools to assist parents. The forms to support practice use cover treatment plan and goals, a how to relax in a few minutes handout, problem behaviors and possible consequences, suggestions for giving positive feedback and approval, how to use effective instructions, and more.
Considerations in Acquiring Office Space
Authors: Zimmerman Jeffrey , Walfish Steven
Published: June 2017

Acquiring office space is one of the largest business expenditures made in the course of running a private practice. Most mental health clinicians are not knowledgeable or experienced in such transactions. This chapter focuses on the entire process of securing space, including preparing to look for space, looking at and assessing options, and negotiating a lease. The various considerations involved in renting space, subletting space, or purchasing an office are reviewed. These concepts are then integrated into a discussion of how to creatively secure office space in the era of integrated care.
Technology Considerations in Running a Private Practice
Authors: Belluomini Ellen
Published: June 2017

The tools of a private psychotherapy practice used to include just an office, furniture, clinical notes, and a file cabinet. Technological advances have added many digital options such as the Internet, social media, smartphones, and electronic health records, bringing both great potential and great risks. Clinical interventions can be supplemented with online education and smartphone apps. The healing process can extend outside the confines of the office with telepsychology or texting in a crisis. Therapists should take into account their clients’ technology literacy and usage and can utilize it in assessment and treatment; a case vignette is provided. Clinicians in private practice must stay up to date with risk-management techniques, privacy mandates, and professional standards governing online behavior.
The Role of the Attorney in a Private Practice
Authors: Steven Frankel A.
Published: June 2017

This chapter addresses the broad variety of legal professionals that private practitioners may need to consult. Topics include pre-practice concerns for unlicensed individuals and the issues that arise when one builds, maintains, and enhances a private practice. Attorneys can be of critical importance in the areas of marketing, establishing a fee structure and payment practices, adding colleagues, and responding to difficult and/or threatening clients. Other situations in which attorneys can play a vital role include responding to licensing board complaints, malpractice lawsuits, and criminal complaints, as well as interactions with insurance companies and planning for practice transition and termination. Suggestions are provided for how to locate good attorneys, how to work with attorneys, and how to stop working with them when necessary.
Collaborating with Legal Professionals
Authors: Mart Eric G.
Published: June 2017

This chapter provides information designed to assist mental health professionals in effectively marketing their services to courts, attorneys, and the legal system in general. Suggestions are offered to help mental health professionals decide whether they will be comfortable working in an adversarial environment. Methods for developing the skillsets necessary for performing forensic consultations in a competent, ethical manner are provided. Information regarding how to effectively market mental health services to legal professionals are reviewed. Various areas of subspecialty practice are described.
Ethical and Legal Aspects of the Practice of Teletherapy
Authors: Barnwell Sara Smucker , Campbell Linda F.
Published: June 2017

This chapter provides guidance to mental health practitioners using telecommunications technologies or teletherapy to deliver or augment mental health services. Practitioners using teletherapy must consider how to integrate and adapt existing ethical standards into telepractice and must be alert to the ethical aspects of telepractice that require knowledge, skills, and application beyond the in-person delivery of services. The chapter addresses areas such as clinical documentation and recordkeeping, informed consent, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and teletherapy, supervision/consultation, and social media. The extension of mental health standards of practice in teletherapy are described and illustrated. The authors emphasize legal and ethical considerations, including managing high-risk clients, jurisdictional concerns, and common errors by practitioners adopting teletherapy.
Dealing with Third Parties
Authors: Scroppo Joe
Published: June 2017

This chapter provides guidance on managing the ethical, regulatory, and legal issues that arise when a third party seeks to intervene in the psychotherapist–patient relationship. The chapter reviews the concepts of confidentiality and privilege. The author identifies types of third parties that may try to impinge on the psychotherapist–patient relationship, discusses ways in which third parties can enter the relationship, and identifies reasons for such impingement. A set of guidelines that psychotherapists can apply when confronted with an attempted or actual third-party penetration of the treatment relationship is offered. The following situations are covered: when a psychotherapist is mandated to involve a third party in the relationship (mandated reporting); when a patient authorizes a psychotherapist to involve a third party; when there is a legal demand for involvement in the relationship (subpoena or court order); and when the psychotherapist or client invite a third party into the relationship.