bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dielectrophoretic Manipulation of Janus Particle in Conductive Media for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Lee Minji , Won Jong Bin , Jung Dae Ho , Kim Jaekyoung , Choi Yonghyun , Akyildiz Kubra , Choi Jonghoon , Kim Kyobum , Cho Jiung , Yoon Hyunsik , Koo Hyung‐Jun
Published: October 2020

Janus particles are applied to many fields including biomedical
applications. To expand the usability of Janus particles, a technique to
manipulate the particle movement is required. A dielectrophoresis (DEP) method
can be a promising candidate; however, independent manipulation or separation
of Janus particle by DEP is still challenging. Additionally, DEP of Janus
particles in conductive media is important especially for biomedical
applications where ion‐rich media are typically
used. Here, the experimental results of DEP‐induced transport and separation of the Janus particle in conductive
media are presented. To predict the DEP behavior, the Clausius–Mossotti (CM) factors
of both Janus and homogeneous particles are calculated, depending on the
alternating current (AC) frequency and medium conductivity. The Janus particles
show the positive‐DEP behavior at the entire
AC frequency region tested due to the metal‐coated half surface. On the other hand, the homogeneous
particles show the negative‐DEP behavior at the high
AC frequency or in conductive media. Additionally, in the conductive media, an
electrohydrodynamic flow hinders the DEP‐driven particle transport below MHz AC frequencies. Finally, the
separation of the Janus particles from the homogeneous ones is experimentally
demonstrated and the separation efficiency is discussed based on the evaluation
parameters established in this study.
Toward omitting sentinel lymph node biopsy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with clinically node-negative breast cancer
Authors: van der Noordaa M E M , van Duijnhoven F H , Cuijpers F N E , van Werkhoven E , Wiersma T G , Elkhuizen P H M , Winter-Warnars G , Dezentje V , Sonke G S , Groen E J , Stokkel M , Vrancken Peeters M T F D
Published: October 2020

Background

The nodal positivity rate after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (ypN+) in patients with clinically node-negative (cN0) breast cancer is low, especially in those with a pathological complete response of the breast. The aim of this study was to identify characteristics known before surgery that are associated with achieving ypN0 in patients with cN0 disease. These characteristics could be used to select patients in whom sentinel lymph node biopsy may be omitted after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Methods

This cohort study included patients with cT1–3 cN0 breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by breast surgery and sentinel node biopsy between 2013 and 2018. cN0 was defined by the absence of suspicious nodes on ultrasound imaging and PET/CT, or absence of tumour cells at fine-needle aspiration. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine predictors of ypN0.

Results

Overall, 259 of 303 patients (85.5 per cent) achieved ypN0, with high rates among those with a radiological complete response (rCR) on breast MRI (95·5 per cent). Some 82 per cent of patients with hormone receptor-positive disease, 98 per cent of those with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and all patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive disease who had a rCR achieved ypN0. Multivariable regression analysis showed that HER2-positive (odds ratio (OR) 5·77, 95 per cent c.i. 1·91 to 23·13) and TNBC subtype (OR 11·65, 2·86 to 106·89) were associated with ypN0 status. In addition, there was a trend toward ypN0 in patients with a breast rCR (OR 2·39, 0·95 to 6·77).

Conclusion

The probability of nodal positivity after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was less than 3 per cent in patients with TNBC or HER2-positive disease who achieved a breast rCR on MRI. These patients could be included in trials investigating the omission of sentinel node biopsy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Postgraduate programs in biochemistry and molecular biology: A parallel session at the IUBMB/PSBMB 2019 “Harnessing Interdisciplinary Education in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” conference
Authors: Estacio Rhodora C. , Kron Michael Andrew , Janlav Munkhtsetseg , Yu Gracia Fe B. , Macaulay Janet O.
Published: October 2020

The conference session on Postgraduate Education in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology consisted of wide‐ranging presentations and discussions. Approaches, issues, and solutions for postgraduate education and training in countries ranging from the Philippines to Mongolia and the United States were covered.
The impact and evaluation of COVID‐19 pandemic on the teaching model of medical molecular biology course for undergraduates major in pharmacy
Authors: Jiang Xiaoying , Ning Qilan
Published: October 2020

Molecular biology is a very important basic course for undergraduates major in pharmacy. During the novel coronavirus epidemic, we first adopted an online teaching of molecular biology course with rain class and tencent meeting for undergraduates major in pharmacy, following a blended teaching mode. Finally, we evaluated the effect of this special‐time teaching by analyzing the anonymous questionnaire and final examination scores. Student feedback showed that most of students were satisfied with this online teaching, classroom teaching, and experimental teaching, and considered that postlecture quizzes were very helpful for their study. The majority of students supported that classroom teaching should be integrated with online teaching. Analysis of final examination scores showed that the effect of 2020‐year teaching was not worse than that of 2019‐year teaching, but even better in the excellence rate and rate of poor and failure. Here, we share the experience and thinking of blended teaching of medical molecular biology course during the novel coronavirus epidemic, and hope it helpful for other teachers' teaching.
Visual hallucinations and inferior longitudinal fasciculus in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Yuki Natsuko , Yoshioka Akira , Mizuhara Ryo , Kimura Tadashi
Published: October 2020

Introduction

We investigated whether disruption of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus and inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus are associated with visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods

Sixty consecutive right‐handed patients with PD with and without visual hallucinations were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study. Diffusion tensor imaging was acquired by 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging. We measured fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity of the bilateral inferior longitudinal fasciculus and inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus using diffusion tensor tractography analysis software.

Results

Seventeen patients with PD had visual hallucinations; these patients tended to have lower fractional anisotropy and higher mean diffusivity values in all fasciculi than did patients without visual hallucinations. A univariate logistic analysis showed that the presence of visual hallucinations was significantly associated with lower fractional anisotropy and higher mean diffusivity of the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus, and lower Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores. A multivariable logistic analysis adjusted by MMSE scores and disease duration showed a significant association between the presence of visual hallucinations and fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity values of the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that disruption of left inferior longitudinal fasciculus integrity is associated with visual hallucinations in patients with PD, independent of cognitive impairment and disease duration.
Understanding cancer survivors’ reasons to medicate with cannabis: A qualitative study based on the theory of planned behavior
Authors: McTaggart‐Cowan Helen , Bentley Colene , Raymakers Adam , Metcalfe Rebecca , Hawley Philippa , Peacock Stuart
Published: October 2020

Background

Prior to nonmedical cannabis legalization in Canada, individuals were only able to access cannabis legally through licensed producers with medical authorization. Now with an additional legal access system designed for nonmedical purposes, it is unclear what factors influence cancer survivors’ decisions to medicate or not medicate cannabis as a complementary therapy to alleviate their cancer symptoms.

Methods

We recruited cancer survivors via social media. Interested individuals were purposively sampled to ensure maximization in terms of age, sex, and province of residence. Constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior were explored during the telephone interviews as participants described what influenced their decisions to medicate or not medicate cannabis to manage their symptoms.

Results

Interviews were conducted with 33 cancer survivors. All individuals believed that cannabis would manage their cancer symptoms. Those that chose to medicate with cannabis provided a variety of reasons, including that cannabis was a more natural alternative; that it reduced their overall number of prescription drugs; and that safer products had become available with the legalization of nonmedical cannabis. Some individuals also indicated that support from physicians and validation from family and friends were important in their decision to medicate with cannabis. Individuals who opted not to medicate with cannabis raised concerns about the lack of scientific evidence and/or possible dependency issues. Some also felt their physician's disapproval was a barrier to considering cannabis use.

Conclusions

The findings revealed that recreational legalization made using cannabis appear safer and easier to access for some cancer survivors. However, physicians’ censure of cannabis use for symptom management was a barrier for survivors considering its use.
Choice set size and consumer preference for an option with a “zero” attribute value
Authors: Mao Wen
Published: October 2020

According to the zero‐comparison effect, an option's attractiveness can be enhanced by increasing the value of one of its undesirable attributes from zero to a nonzero number (and diminished by increasing the value of one of its desirable attributes from zero to a nonzero number). This research examines an important boundary condition of the zero‐comparison effect—the size of the choice set. The results from three studies show that the zero‐comparison effect only exists for a two‐option set; when more options are included in the choice set, the presence of multiple similarly attractive options enables consumers to make meaningful attribute trade‐offs that reduce their reliance on perceptions of relative magnitude and therefore diminish the zero‐comparison effect. This article concludes by situating the results and their implications within the preference construction literature and by offering practical suggestions for firms interested in leveraging the zero‐comparison idea to more effectively design product assortments and advertising campaigns.
An In Situ Quick X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy Study on Pt3Sn/Graphene Catalyst for Ethanol Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Su Bing‐Jian , Wang Kuan‐Wen , Tseng Chung‐Jen , Lu Kueih‐Tzu , Pao Chih‐Wen , Lee Jyh‐Fu , Sheu Hwo‐Shuenn , Wu Kuang‐Hsu , Juang Jenh‐Yih , Chen Jin‐Ming
Published: October 2020

Direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) promise the use of ethanol as a bio‐renewable and non‐toxic fuel for energy conversion through the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR). Well dispersed Pt3Sn and Pt nanoparticles on graphene (denoted Pt3Sn/G and Pt/G) support electrocatalysts made with alcohol reduction were tested towards EOR. The HRTEM and XRD characterizations provide the morphology and crystal phase of the Pt3Sn alloy nanoparticles, which has a uniform particle size of 2.8±0.08 nm, as is consistent with a Pt/G catalyst as reference. According to the in‐situ quick X‐ray‐absorption near‐edge structure (QXANES) spectra during an anodic scan of CV for the EOR test to explain clearly the potential‐dependent electronic state of the prepared electrocatalysts, the white‐line intensities of the Pt L3‐edge QXANES spectra and their spectral profiles vary appreciably with the electrode voltage. Moreover, Pt3Sn/G shows a better EOR performance than Pt/G because SnO2 can improve adsorption and dissociation during the oxidation by an appropriate expansion of the lattice parameters in the PtSn alloy. This work provides insight into the reaction mechanism of dissociative adsorption of ethanol on alloyed Pt surface, which has an important role in enhancing the EOR activity for a complete ethanol oxidation.
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: clinical implications and diagnostic challenges. Overlooked and underappreciated in Asia?
Authors: Low Ting‐Ting , Houdmont Marie , Sim Hui W. , Chan Koo H. , Loh Poay H. , Loh Joshua P.
Published: October 2020

Over the last decade, spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) has garnered much attention as a significant cause of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and sudden cardiac death in women without classic cardiovascular risk factors. SCAD has been mostly studied in the West, with little recognition in Asia leading to under‐diagnosis and under‐representation. In this review, we highlight two distinct cases occurring at our center in Singapore, affecting two Singaporean women of Malay and Chinese descent. These 2 cases highlight that pregnancy‐associated SCAD is neither the most common nor only manifestation of SCAD. Through review of the literature, we emphasize the heterogeneity in case presentation paying particular attention to SCAD and its association with connective tissue disorders such as fibromuscular dysplasia. SCAD remains a diagnostic challenge for many cardiologists, here we shed light and dispel myths surrounding coronary angiography and review the use of intracoronary imaging. The successful treatment of this unique group of patients requires a high index of suspicion, and management within a multidisciplinary team. The development of a recovery program with access to support groups, allied health, and cardiac rehabilitation is paramount in improving outcomes for these patients in the long term. Further research and studies in our Asian population will help to enhance our understanding of this disease and develop practices to best manage our patients.
Immune responses in genomically simple SWI/SNF–deficient cancers
Authors: Leruste Amaury , Chauvin Céline , Pouponnot Celio , Bourdeaut Franck , Waterfall Joshua J. , Piaggio Eliane
Published: October 2020

Switch/sucrose nonfermentable–deficient cancers may respond to immune checkpoint blockade. Combinations with epidrugs or radiation therapies can offer new specific therapeutic vulnerabilities.
Efficacy of axitinib in metastatic head and neck cancer with novel radiographic response criteria
Authors: Swiecicki Paul L. , Bellile Emily L. , Brummel Collin V. , Brenner J. Chad , Worden Francis P.
Published: October 2020

Background

There are limited treatment options for unresectable recurrent or metastatic (R/M) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Vascular endothelial growth factor is of significant interest for targeted therapy in R/M HNSCC because of its central role in tumorigenesis and immunosuppression. Axitinib is a potent inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) 1 , VEGFR2, VEGFR3, platelet‐derived growth factor receptor, as well as c‐kit and offers such an approach.

Methods

This article reports the results of a phase 2 trial evaluating axitinib in R/M HNSCC according to the Choi criteria for radiographic response assessment. The primary endpoint of this trial was 6‐month overall survival.

RESULTS

Twenty‐nine patients were enrolled, and 28 were evaluable for a response. Patients were heavily pretreated with 61% having had at least 1 previous systemic treatment in the metastatic setting (range, 0‐5). The median overall survival of 9.8 months and the 6‐month overall survival rate of 70% met the protocol‐defined criteria for clinical efficacy. The best overall response rate was 42%. Correlative analyses demonstrated that PI3K signaling pathway alterations were associated with an increased response to therapy (75% vs 17%). A marked response to therapy was seen in a subgroup of patients who were treated with an immune checkpoint inhibitor after progression on axitinib.

Conclusions

Treatment with axitinib is associated with improved survival in patients with heavily pretreated head and neck cancer, and PI3K pathway alterations may serve as a biomarker for response. Further investigation is warranted to evaluate axitinib in biomarker‐selected populations, especially in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.

Lay Summary

Metastatic head and neck squamous cancer is an incurable disease with limited treatment options and a poor prognosis.

This study is the first to demonstrate that the targeted oral drug axitinib improves survival in patients with heavily pretreated metastatic head and neck cancer.

Furthermore, patients whose tumors have specific mutations derive the greatest benefit from therapy.

The investigation of axitinib alone or in combination with immunotherapy in a genomic biomarker–selected population is warranted.
Conflict, what conflict? Evidence that playing down “conflict” can be a weapon of choice for high‐status groups
Authors: Livingstone Andrew G. , Sweetman Joseph , Haslam S. Alexander
Published: October 2020

Three studies using pre‐existing (Studies 1 and 3) and minimal (Study 2) groups tested the hypothesis that ingroup status shapes whether “conflict’” with an outgroup is strategically acknowledged or downplayed. As predicted, high (vs. low) ingroup status led group members to downplay conflict, but only to an outgroup rather than ingroup audience (Studies 1 and 2; Ns = 127 & 292), and only when the status difference was unstable (vs. stable) and the outgroup's action was perceived as illegitimate (Study 2). High‐status group members also collectively communicated with the outgroup in a manner designed to defuse conflict (Study 2). Survey data of industrial (manager–worker) relations further indicated that company managers (high‐status) characterized manager–worker relations as less conflictual than did workers (low‐status) in the same companies (Study 3; N = 24,661). Findings imply that high‐status groups play down conflict as a “benevolent” (but unacknowledged) means of maintaining intergroup status hierarchies.
Comparative effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) derived from actinomycetes and henna on biohydrogen production by Clostridium beijerinckii (KTCC1737)
Authors: Khan Imran , Anburajan Parthiban , Kumar Gopalakrishnan , Yoon Jeong‐Jun , Bahuguna Ashutosh , de Moura Alana Gandra Lima , Pugazhendhi Arivalagan , Kim Sang‐Hyoun , Kang Sun‐Chul
Published: October 2020

The current study comparatively evaluated the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on fermentative bio hydrogen (bio‐H2) production by Clostridium beijerinckii (KTCC1737). Green synthesized AgNPs were fabricated using henna (Lawsonia inermis) and DU‐C2 actinomycete in batch using different AgNPs concentrations (0, 40, 80, and 120 μg/mL). The overall results revealed that after 72 hours of AgNPs incubation with C beijerinckii, the henna mediated AgNP synthesis increased the hydrogen production rate with a hydrogen yield of 1.71 mol H2/mol glucose added. However, the DU‐C2‐mediated AgNps synthesis inhibited bio‐H2 production during the batch H2 fermentation. Performed live/dead staining showed AgNPs effect on the bacterial culture in batch fermentation. The results indicated that the henna mediated AgNPs enhanced the bacterial cell population, meanwhile, in case of DU‐C2 AgNPs, less bacterial population occurred. Thus, the present study provides a clear overview on the application of metallic NPs as H2 production catalysts to further improve bio‐H2 production.
Forecasting equity returns: The role of commodity futures along the supply chain
Authors: Li Chenchen , Wu Chongfeng , Zhou Chunyang
Published: October 2020

This paper examines equity return predictability using the returns of commodity futures along the supply chain in China's financial market. We find that a considerable number of commodities exhibit significant in‐sample forecasting ability at the daily horizon, especially for supplier‐side equity returns. The macroeconomic risk premium effect, captured by the aggregate commodity prices, is an important source for this predictability. The out‐of‐sample results show that for most commodities, the predictability remains both statistically and economically significant, and the forecasting performance improves substantially during recessions or with economic constraints.
Cell populations in neonatal rat peripheral nerves identified by single‐cell transcriptomics
Authors: Zhang Ruirui , Chen Sailing , Wang Xinghui , Gu Xiaosong , Yi Sheng
Published: October 2020

Peripheral nerves connect central nerves with target tissues and organs and execute vital signal transduction functions. Although sub‐types of neurons have been defined, the heterogeneity of cell populations in peripheral nerves, especially Schwann cells, has not been well demonstrated. Here, we collected sciatic nerves (SN) and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) from neonatal (1‐day old) rats and classified cell populations by high‐coverage single‐cell sequencing. A total of 10 types of cells, including endothelial cells, erythrocytes, fibroblasts, monocytic cells, neurons, neutrophils, pericytes, satellite cells, Schwann cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells, were identified by transcriptome‐based cell typing. The comparisons of cells in neonatal rat SN and DRG revealed distinct atlas in different tissue localizations. Investigations of ligand‐receptor interactions showed that there existed direct cell–cell communications between endothelial cells and fibroblasts in SN and among endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and vascular smooth muscle cells in DRG. Schwann cells in neonatal rats were further sub‐grouped to four sub‐types, including LOC100134871 and Hbb expressing Schwann cell sub‐type 1, Cldn19 and Emid1 expressing Schwann cell sub‐type 2, Timp3 and Col5a3 expressing Schwann cell sub‐type 3, and Cenpf and Mki67 expressing Schwann cell sub‐type 4. These Schwann cell sub‐types exhibited distinct genetic features and functional enrichments. Collectively, our results illustrated the diversity and cellular complexity of peripheral nerves at the neonatal stage and revealed the heterogeneity of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system.
A method for evaluating the longitudinal functional connectivity of a river–lake–marsh system and its application in China
Authors: Liu Yeling , Cui Baoshan , Du Jizeng , Wang Qing , Yu Shuling , Yang Wei
Published: October 2020

The longitudinal functional connectivity of a river–lake–marsh system (RLMS) refers to the actual water‐mediated transport of material from upstream to downstream areas along a spatial gradient and is fundamental to understand hydrological and biogeochemical cycles. However, due to a lack of consensus on appropriate data and methods, the quantification of connectivity is still a challenge, especially at the catchment scale. We developed a new method to evaluate longitudinal functional connectivity based on fluxes of materials (water, sediment, and chemicals) along a RLMS. The calculation of fluxes is based on the longitudinal pattern of terrain gradient, which influences transport efficiency, and on contributions from hillslopes, which set the initial spatial template of material loading to the RLMS. We evaluate the contributions from hillslopes to RLMS based on a new modified version of the index of sediment connectivity (IC) proposed by Borselli et al. (2008) and revised by Chartin et al. (2017).We applied this method to the Baiyangdian Basin covering an area of 3.4 × 104 km2 in China and quantified longitudinal functional connectivity during normal, wet, and dry periods(April, July and December) in year 2016. We found that areas with good structural connectivity exhibited poor functional connectivity during the normal and dry periods. Modelling testing with discharge data from hydrological stations and measured chemicals from Baiyangdian Lake was satisfactory in test periods. We conclude that public data and Digital Elevation Model‐derived information can be used to reliably map the longitudinal functional connectivity of RLMSs. The proposed method provides a useful tool for monitoring and restoring the longitudinal functional connectivity of RLMSs and our results indicate that efforts aimed at restoring functional connectivity in RLMSs should take into account landscape patterns that can greatly influence fluxes in the watershed.
Plerixafor‐based mobilization in pediatric healthy donors with unfavorable donor/recipient body weight ratio resulted in a better CD34+ collection yield: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Zubicaray Josune , Galvez Eva , Sebastian Elena , Molina Blanca , González‐Vicent Marta , Castillo Ana , Ramírez Manuel , Madero Luis , Díaz Miguel Angel , Sevilla Julian
Published: October 2020

Introduction

In order to propose risk‐adapted mobilization algorithms, several authors have tried to look for predictive factors of the CD34+ yield in healthy pediatric donors. Donor recipient body weight ratio (D/R ratio) was identified as one of the main variables related with the success to achieve the target cell dose for transplantation. According to this variable we modified the mobilization schedule.

Material and methods

We report the results of 46 mobilizations and apheresis procedures performed in our center with unfavorable D/R ratio. Mobilization was attempted by the standard regime of G‐CSF (10 mcg/kg/24 hours) in 28 cases (60.9%), with high dose G‐CSF (10 mcg/kg/12 hours) in 9 cases (19.6%), and with plerixafor and G‐CSF single dose regime in 9 cases (19.6%).

Results

CD34+ cell quantification before apheresis is closely related to CD34+ yield, being the only factor related to collected CD34+ cells (beta .71; P < .0001). The mobilization efficiency was higher in plerixafor group compared to the other two schedules (P < .0001). By using plerixafor for mobilization, we achieved the target CD34+ cell dose of ≥2 × 106/kg per recipient body weight in all cases with unfavorable D/R ratio. It was observed that 17.4% of cases that not reached the established target cell dose were located in the standard or high‐dose mobilization regimes. This difference is even greater for optimal collections (≥5 × 106/kg), since of the 54.3% cases that did not reach this goal none was mobilized by plerixafor.

Conclusion

Tailoring the mobilization regime we can reach the target cell dose, even in those cases with the worst D/R ratio.
Estimating the ligand‐binding affinity via λ‐dependent umbrella sampling simulations
Authors: Ngo Son Tung
Published: October 2020

The umbrella sampling (US) approach has been demonstrated to be a very efficient method for estimating the ligand‐binding affinity. However, most of the calculated values overestimate experimental ones that are probably caused by the inaccurate representation of the interaction between the ligand and the surrounding molecules. The issue can be resolved via the implementation aspects of λ‐alteration simulation into the US approach, which we call the λ‐dependent umbrella sampling (λUS) scheme. In particular, the electrostatic and van der Waals interactions were simultaneously changed by using the coupling parameter λ during λUS simulations. The mean value of obtained results, kcal mol−1, is in good fitting to the mean value of respective experiments, ∆GEXP =  − 11.26 ± 0.89 kcal mol−1. Moreover, the correlation between the proposed approach and experiment is quite good with a value of . The λUS scheme significantly enhances the calculated accuracy since the RMSE of the proposed scheme is smaller than traditional US simulations, kcal mol−1 versus kcal mol−1. Furthermore, the precision is increased since the computed error via λUS approach, kcal mol−1, was smaller than those of the US simulation, kcal mol−1. Overall, the proposed approach perhaps provides an efficient way to accurately and precisely estimate the ligand‐binding free energy.
Design, synthesis, in silico analysis with PPAR‐γ receptor and study of non‐covalent interactions in unsymmetrical heterocyclic/phenyl fleximer
Authors: Singh Ved Prakash , Dowarah Jayanta , Marak Brilliant N. , Tewari Ashish Kumar
Published: October 2020

This work deals with the design, synthesis, in silico analysis, crystallization, and the interpretation 2‐cyano‐3‐{4‐[2‐(phthalimid‐nyl)‐propoxy]‐phenyl}‐acrylic acid ethyl ester (7). Analog 7 is designed based on rosiglitazone. The quantitative analysis of Compound 7 has been performed through single‐crystal X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Hirshfeld surface analysis. Fleximer 7 has studied the role of flexibility in non‐covalent interactions and binding affinity with PPAR‐γ receptors. Both phthalimide ring and phenyl rings are linked with propylene linker. 2‐cyano‐3‐{4‐[2‐(phthalimid‐nyl)‐propoxy]‐phenyl}‐acrylic acid ethyl ester has Z = 8 in the crystal packing and stabilized by intermolecular non‐covalent interactions like CH…O, CH…N, CH…л, and л…л, and so forth.
Pick Your Poison: Attribute Trade‐Offs in Unattractive Consideration Sets
Authors: Sokolova Tatiana , Krishna Aradhna
Published: October 2020

Consumers often have to make trade‐offs between desirable, “more is better,” and undesirable, “less is better,” attributes. What drives whether the desirable or the undesirable attributes will be weighed more heavily in decisions? We show that the extent to which consumers focus on desirable versus undesirable attributes depends on the overall attractiveness of their consideration sets. The less attractive the options under consideration are—the higher is the weight allocated to undesirable attributes, such as price. Three experiments set in the contexts of lottery ticket purchasing (study 1), hotel booking (study 2), elections (study 3), and a conjoint study of online course evaluations (study 4) (N = 2,149, p‐curve power estimate 90%), demonstrate that unattractive sets increase the relative weight of “undesirable” attributes (e.g., price of a product, workload of a course) and lead to increased preference for options superior on these attributes.
Pancreatitis in multiple acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: An underdiagnosed complication
Authors: Elkhateeb Nour , Chakrapani Anupam , Davison James , Grunewald Stephanie , Batzios Spyros
Published: October 2020

Background

Multiple acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (MADD) deficiency represents a rare fatty acid oxidation disorder where sporadic reports of pancreatitis already exist. Here, we report three cases of MADD with pancreatic involvement raising questions whether this represents an incidental finding or it is related to the pathophysiology of MADD.

Methods

We have retrospectively studied the clinical, biochemical and radiologic data of patients with MADD diagnosed in our department over the last 20 years to identify patients with pancreatic involvement.

RESULTS

Three out of 17 patients had pancreatic involvement. All three patients were diagnosed with MADD in the neonatal period (two‐third symptomatic—riboflavin nonresponsive, one‐third asymptomatic via newborn screening—riboflavin responsive). Age at presentation of pancreatitis ranged from 20 months to 11 years. Presentations included a single episode of acute pancreatitis in the first patient, chronic necrotizing pancreatitis in the second patient, while the third patient was diagnosed with chronic pancreatitis (CP) incidentally through ultrasonography. All patients had inflammation features on either abdominal computed tomography or ultrasound. Pancreatic enzymes were elevated in two patients. Management of pancreatitis was done conservatively while the patient with necrotic CP required subtotal pancreatectomy.

DISCUSSION

Our data suggest that pancreatitis might be more common in patients with MADD than previously reported, requiring a high index of suspicion in patients with acute metabolic decompensation or nonspecific abdominal symptoms. We hypothesize that the underlying mechanism of pancreatitis in MADD is similar to that in mitochondrial disorders, both resulting from disordered energy metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation.
The Impact of Hazardous Drinking Among Active Duty Military With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Does Cognitive Processing Therapy Format Matter?
Authors: Straud Casey L. , Dondanville Katherine A. , Hale Willie J. , Wachen Jennifer S. , Mintz Jim , Litz Brett T. , Roache John D. , Yarvis Jeffrey S. , Young‐McCaughan Stacey , Peterson Alan L. , Resick Patricia A. ,   for the STRONG STAR Consortium
Published: October 2020

This study was a secondary data analysis of clinical trial data collected from 268 active duty U.S. military service members seeking cognitive processing therapy (CPT) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at Fort Hood, Texas, related to combat operations following September 11, 2001. Our primary aim was to evaluate changes in PTSD symptom severity and alcohol misuse as a function of baseline hazardous drinking and treatment format (i.e., group or individual). At baseline and posttreatment, PTSD was assessed using the PTSD Symptom Scale–Interview Version and PTSD Checklist for DSM‐5. Hazardous drinking was categorically defined as an Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test total score of 8 or higher. Employing intent‐to‐treat, mixed‐effects regression analysis, all groups reported reduced PTSD symptom severity, Hedges’ gs = −0.33 to −1.01, except, unexpectedly, nonhazardous drinkers who were randomized to group CPT, Hedges’ g = −0.12. Hazardous drinkers who were randomized to individual therapy had larger reductions in PTSD symptoms than nonhazardous drinkers who were randomized to group CPT, Hedges’ g = −0.25. Hazardous drinkers also reported significant reductions in alcohol misuse, regardless of treatment format, Hedges’ gs = −0.78 to −0.86. This study builds upon an emerging literature suggesting that individuals with PTSD and co‐occurring alcohol use disorder can engage successfully in CPT, which appears to be an appropriate treatment for these individuals whether it is delivered individually or in a group format. However, as a portion of participants remained classified as hazardous drinkers at posttreatment, some individuals may benefit from integrated treatment.
Optically Stimulated Luminescence Phosphors: Principles, Applications, and Prospects
Authors: Yuan Lifang , Jin Yahong , Su Yue , Wu Haoyi , Hu Yihua , Yang Shihe
Published: October 2020

Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) materials, enabling energy storage by capturing of charge carriers and then the energy conversion to light via photostimulation, can find many advanced applications in various fields, spanning from radiation dosimetry, optical data storage and security, environmental monitoring, biomedicine, clinical diagnostic, to archaeology and geology. At present, there are some blocks, including the development of nanocrystallization approaches, the tailoring of optical transitions, the control of trap distribution, and the understanding of OSL mechanisms, on the road to the exploration of OSL materials. This review gives an overview of the design, preparation, characterization, optimization, application, mechanism, and prospect of OSL materials. A short introduction of the fundamental principle and history of OSL materials is presented, followed by a summary of preparation and design methods, and a survey of OSL materials reported to date. The trap engineering, mechanism, and study methodologies of OSL are summarized, after which the widespread applications of OSL materials, in traditional and newly emerging fields, are reviewed. Finally, the merits and drawbacks of the OSL materials according to the relevant reports currently available are examined. The challenges and outlooks are highlighted and discussed in terms of five important aspects that merit future research.
Dynamic in vivo protein carbonyl biosensor for measuring oxidative stress
Authors: Kostecki Roman , Arman Azim , Zhang Bin , Yang Kai‐Hung , Narayan Roger J. , Hutchinson Mark R. , Ebendorff‐Heidepriem Heike
Published: October 2020

Oxidative stress is intimately linked to cellular energy balance and occurs when there is an imbalance between production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species in cells and tissues and the ability of a biological system to keep in a redox steady state. While protein carbonyls are an easily detectable marker of oxygen metabolism and oxidative stress, all methods to date have required significant sample preparation and do not provide the ability to measure dynamic changes. To overcome this problem, we develop the first method for measuring in vivo concentration changes of protein carbonyls using a minimally invasive optical fibre biosensor. We use this biosensor to measure redox balance and oxidative stress within living systems by measuring dynamic in vivo concentration changes of protein carbonyls.
Effects of local nonequilibrium in rapid eutectic solidification—Part 1: Statement of the problem and general solution
Authors: Xu Junfeng , Galenko Peter K.
Published: October 2020

Numerous experimental data on the rapid solidification of eutectic systems exhibit the formation of metastable solid phases with the initial (nominal) chemical composition. This fact is explained by suppression of eutectic decomposition due to diffusionless (chemically partitionless) solidification beginning at a high but a finite growth velocity of crystals. A model considering the diffusionless growth is developed in the present work to analyze the atomic diffusion ahead of lamellar eutectic couples growing into supercooled liquid. A general solution of the model is presented from which two regimes are followed. The first presents a diffusion‐limited regime with the existence of eutectic decomposition if the solid–liquid interface velocity is smaller than the characteristic diffusion speed in the bulk liquid. The second shows suppression of eutectic decomposition under diffusionless transformation from liquid to one‐phase solid if the solid–liquid interface velocity overcomes characteristic diffusion speed in the bulk liquid.
Scheduled Empiric Antibiotics May Alter the Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Outcomes in Pediatric Intestinal Failure
Authors: Talathi Saurabh , Wilkinson Linda , Meloni Katie , Shroyer Michelle , Eipers Peter , Van Der Pol William J , Martin Colin , Dimmitt Reed , Yi Nengjun , Morrow Casey , Galloway David
Published: October 2020

Background

In this study, we aim to determine the effect of scheduled antibiotics on gut microbiome in pediatric intestinal failure (IF) and to evaluate the effect of the gut microbiome on nutrition outcomes in IF.

Methods

Fecal samples were collected at regular intervals from pediatric patients with IF for gut microbiome comparison between 2 cohorts: (group 1) those on scheduled prophylactic antibiotics and (group 2) those who were not on scheduled antibiotics. Gut microbiome composition and diversity were compared among the 2 cohorts. The association among gut microbiome composition, diversity, and nutrition outcomes (mainly ability to decrease parenteral nutrition [PN] energy requirement and ability to attain positive growth) was also determined.

Results

The microbiome of patients with IF on scheduled antibiotics differed significantly from those not on scheduled antibiotics. Abundance of certain Gram‐negative and pathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas, Prevotella, and Sutterella) was higher in the scheduled cohort. Patients with decreased Enterobacteriaceae demonstrated a greater ability to demonstrate a reduction in PN requirement, as well as attain positive growth.

Conclusion

Scheduled antibiotics may alter the gut microbiome in children IF, which in turn may have an influence on important nutrition outcomes in pediatric IF. Further larger, multicenter studies are needed to determine the effect of scheduled antibiotics on the gut microbiome in this patient population and their overall effect on nutrition outcomes.
Gynaecological morbidities among married women and husband’s behaviour: Evidence from a community‐based study
Authors: Ali Tazeen Saeed , Sami Neelofar , Saeed Adil Ali , Ali Parveen
Published: October 2020

Aim

To determine the association between gynaecological morbidities and IPV among married women specifically, with attention to the attitudes of the husband and the degree of satisfaction in a marital relationship.

Design

Cross‐sectional study design.

Methods

Data were collected using face‐to‐face interviews with married women aged 15–49 years, living in selected communities. Information was collected on demographic characteristics, gynaecological morbidities and IPV using a self‐developed tool. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data.

Results

Logistic Regression showed a significant association between physical violence and burning micturition, increased urinary frequency, constant dribbling of urine, genital ulcers, lower abdominal pain, vaginal discharge and painful coitus (OR: 1.41–1.84). A significant association between sexual and psychological abuse was also found with burning micturition (OR: 1.41) and dribbling of urine (OR: 0.12). Since gynaecological morbidities can have a serious effect on the psychological, physical well‐being, and the social status of women in Pakistan; effective interventions are imperative in dealing with their symptoms and decreasing their emergence.
Predicting Persistent Disabling Low Back Pain in Veterans Affairs Primary Care Using the STarT Back Tool
Authors: Kneeman Jacob , Battalio Samuel L. , Korpak Anna , Cherkin Daniel C. , Luo Gang , Rundell Sean D. , Suri Pradeep
Published: October 2020

Background

The Subgrouping for Targeted Treatment (STarT Back) is a stratified care approach to low back pain (LBP) treatment. The predictive validity of STarT Back in Veterans Affairs (VA) primary care has not been demonstrated.

Objective

To examine the validity of the STarT Back tool for predicting future persistent disabling LBP in VA primary care.

Design

Cohort study.

Setting

VA primary care in Washington State.

Participants

Veterans seeking care for LBP in VA primary care clinics.

Interventions

Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measures

The STarT Back tool was used to classify Veterans according to their baseline risk group (low vs medium vs high). The primary study outcome, persistent disabling LBP, was defined as a Roland‐Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) score ≥ 7 at 6‐month follow‐up. Analyses examined discrimination and calibration of the baseline STarT Back risk groups for prediction of persistent disabling LBP at 6‐month follow‐up.

Results

Of the study sample, 9% were female and 80% reported longstanding LBP (>5 year duration). Among 538 participants, the baseline STarT Back risk groups were associated with future persistent disabling LBP at 6‐month follow‐up. Within each baseline STarT Back risk group, the proportions with future persistent disabling LBP at 6‐month follow‐up were 54% (low risk), 88% (medium risk), and 97% (high risk). The baseline STarT Back risk groups had useful discrimination (area under the curve [AUC] 0.79) for predicting future persistent disabling LBP, but the proportion of Veterans with persistent disabling LBP at 6‐month follow‐up was substantially higher than that observed in non‐VA primary care settings.

Conclusions

The STarT Back risk groups had useful discrimination (AUC = 0.79) for future persistent disabling LBP, but calibration was poor, underestimating the risk of persistent disabling LBP. The STarT Back tool may require updating for use in VA primary care.
MALDI‐IMS as a Tool to Determine the Myocardial Response to Syndecan‐2‐Selected Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Application in an Experimental Model of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Pappritz Kathleen , Klein Oliver , Dong Fengquan , Hamdani Nazha , Kovacs Arpad , O'Flynn Lisa , Elliman Steve , O'Brien Timothy , Tschöpe Carsten , Van Linthout Sophie
Published: October 2020

Purpose

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are an attractive tool for treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Syndecan‐2/CD362 has been identified as a functional marker for MSC isolation. Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) allows for the characterization of therapeutic responses in the left ventricle. This study aims to investigate whether IMS can assess the therapeutic effect of CD362+‐selected MSC on early onset experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Experimental Design

1 × 106 wild type (WT), CD362−, or CD362+ MSC are intravenously injected into db/db mice. Four weeks later, mice are hemodynamically characterized and subsequently sacrificed for IMS combined with bottom‐up mass spectrometry, and isoform and phosphorylation analyses of cardiac titin.

Results

Overall alterations of the cardiac proteome signatures, especially titin, are observed in db/db compared to control mice. Interestingly, only CD362+ MSC can overcome the reduced titin intensity distribution and shifts the isoform ratio toward the more compliant N2BA form. In contrast, WT and CD362− MSCs improve all‐titin phosphorylation and protein kinase G activity, which is reflected in an improvement in diastolic performance.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

IMS enables the characterization of differences in titin intensity distribution following MSC application. However, further analysis of titin phosphorylation is needed to allow for the assessment of the therapeutic efficacy of MSC.
Crystal structure of the giant panda MHC class I complex: First insights into the viral peptide presentation profile in the bear family
Authors: Yuan Hongyu , Ma Lizhen , Zhang Lijie , Li Xiaoying , Xia Chun
Published: October 2020

The viral cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope peptides presented by classical MHC‐I molecules require the assembly of a peptide‐MHC‐I‐β2m (pMHC‐I) trimolecular complex for T cell receptor (TCR) recognition, which is the critical activation link for triggering antiviral T cell immunity. Research on T cell immunology in the Ursidae family, especially structural immunology, is still lacking. In this study, the structure of the key trimolecular complex pMHC‐I, which binds a peptide from canine distemper virus, was solved for the first time using giant panda as a representative species of Ursidae. The structural characteristics of the giant panda pMHC‐I complex (pAime‐128), including the unique pockets in the peptide‐binding groove (PBG), were analyzed in detail. Comparing the pAime‐128 to others in the bear family and extending the comparison to other mammals revealed distinct features. The interaction between MHC‐I and β2m, the features of pAime‐128 involved in TCR docking and cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8) binding, the anchor sites in the PBG, and the CTL epitopes of potential viruses that infect pandas were clarified. Unique features of pMHC‐I viral antigen presentation in the panda were revealed by solving the three‐dimensional (3D) structure of pAime‐128. The distinct characteristics of pAime‐128 indicate an unusual event that emerged during the evolution of the MHC system in the bear family. These results provide a new platform for research on panda CTL immunity and the design of vaccines for application in the bear family.