bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alterations in time intervals of ductus venosus and atrioventricular flow velocity waveforms in growth‐restricted fetuses
Authors: Wada N. , Tachibana D. , Kurihara Y. , Nakagawa K. , Nakano A. , Terada H. , Tanaka K. , Fukui M. , Koyama M. , Hecher K.
Published: November 2014

Objective

To investigate time intervals of the ductus venosus (DV) flow velocity waveform (FVW) and those of the cardiac cycle that correspond with each DV‐FVW component in fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) due to placental insufficiency.

Methods

Women with a pregnancy complicated by IUGR were recruited into the study, as was a normal control group. Time intervals for systolic (S) and diastolic (D) components were measured in DV‐FVW as follows: SDV, from the nadir of the a‐wave during atrial contraction to the nadir between the S‐wave and D‐wave; DDV, from the nadir between S‐wave and D‐wave to the nadir of the a‐wave. Regarding cardiac cycles, the following variables were measured from ventricular inflow through the tricuspid valve (TV) and mitral valve (MV): STV and SMV, from the second peak of ventricular inflow caused by atrial contraction (A‐wave) to the opening of the atrioventricular valve; DTV and DMV, from the opening of the atrioventricular valve to the peak of the A‐wave. In the IUGR group, only the last examination performed within 1 week of delivery was used for analysis. All variables were analyzed statistically using Z‐scores.

Results

Data were obtained from 249 normal fetuses and 26 fetuses with IUGR. Compared to normal fetuses, SDV showed a significant decrease (P < 0.001), while DDV showed a significant increase (P < 0.001) in the IUGR group. Regarding cardiac cycles, STV and SMV showed significant decreases (P = 0.014 and P < 0.001, respectively) and DTV and DMV showed significant increases (P = 0.008 and P = 0.002, respectively) in fetuses with IUGR.

Conclusion

Time‐interval alterations of DV‐FVW in growth‐restricted fetuses reflect the hemodynamic events caused by placental insufficiency. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Quantification of liver herniation in fetuses with isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia using two‐dimensional ultrasonography
Authors: Werneck Britto I. S. , Olutoye O. O. , Cass D. L. , Zamora I. J. , Lee T. C. , Cassady C. I. , Mehollin‐Ray A. , Welty S. , Fernandes C. , Belfort M. A. , Lee W. , Ruano R.
Published: November 2014

Objectives

To describe a method of quantifying the amount of liver herniation in fetuses with isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) using two‐dimensional ultrasonography and to correlate this finding with neonatal outcome.

Methods

Ultrasound images obtained from 77 consecutive fetuses that presented with isolated CDH between January 2004 and July 2012 were reviewed. Liver herniation and thoracic area were measured in a cross‐sectional plane of the fetal chest at the level of the four‐chamber view of the heart (the same section as is used to measure the lung area‐to‐head circumference ratio) and the ultrasound‐derived liver‐to‐thoracic area ratio (US‐LiTR) was calculated by dividing the liver herniation area by the thoracic area. Receiver–operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the performance of US‐LiTR in predicting neonatal outcome (survival to 6 months after delivery and need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)). In addition, the US‐LiTR was compared with the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐derived volume ratio (MRI‐LiTR) and percentage of liver herniation (MRI‐%LH).

Results

The overall neonatal mortality in the 77 cases with isolated CDH was 20.8% (16/77). ECMO was needed in 35.5% (27/76) of the newborns, with a survival rate of 52%. The US‐LiTR was associated statistically with mortality (P < 0.01) and with the need for ECMO (P < 0.01). Good correlations were observed between US‐LiTR and MRI‐LiTR (r = 0.87; P < 0.001) and between US‐LiTR and MRI‐%LH (r = 0.90; P < 0.001). Based on ROC curve analysis, all three parameters had similar accuracy in predicting mortality (US‐LiTR: area under the ROC curve (AUC), 0.78 (95% CI, 0.65–0.92), P < 0.01; MRI‐LiTR: AUC, 0.77 (95% CI, 0.63–0.90), P < 0.01; MRI‐%LH: AUC, 0.79 (95% CI, 0.65–0.92), P < 0.01, respectively) as well as the need for ECMO (US‐LiTR: AUC, 0.72 (95% CI, 0.60–0.84), P < 0.01; MRI‐LiTR: AUC, 0.73 (95% CI, 0.60–0.88), P < 0.01; MRI‐%LH: AUC, 0.77 (95% CI, 0.64–0.89), P < 0.01, respectively).

Conclusions

Two‐dimensional ultrasound measurement of the amount of liver herniation in fetuses with isolated CDH is feasible and demonstrates a predictive accuracy for neonatal outcome similar to that of MRI. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Does the prevalence of levator ani muscle avulsion differ when assessed using tomographic ultrasound imaging at rest vs on maximum pelvic floor muscle contraction?
Authors: van Delft K. , Thakar R. , Sultan A. H. , Kluivers K. B.
Published: November 2014

Objective

It has been suggested that transperineal ultrasound images obtained during maximum pelvic floor muscle contraction improve the diagnosis of levator ani muscle (LAM) avulsion by comparison with those obtained at rest. The objective of this study was to establish, using transperineal tomographic ultrasound imaging (TUI), the correlation between LAM avulsion diagnosed at rest and that on contraction.

Methods

Primiparous women were examined 3 months postpartum by Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP‐Q) assessment and for LAM avulsion clinically by digital palpation and by transperineal TUI performed at rest and on pelvic floor muscle contraction. LAM avulsion was diagnosed on TUI when the three central slices were abnormal. A comparison was made between LAM avulsion diagnosed at rest and on maximum contraction. Two independent blinded investigators performed the analyses and a third investigator resolved discrepancies.

Results

One hundred and ninety primiparae were analyzed providing 380 results for comparison, as right and left LAM were analyzed independently. LAM avulsion was found in 36 (9.5%) images obtained at rest and in 35 (9.2%) on contraction, revealing moderate correlation between the two (ICC, 0.58 (95% CI, 0.51–0.64)). Twenty‐two cases of LAM avulsion were identified both at rest and on contraction. One woman had LAM avulsion on palpation, which was seen on TUI as LAM avulsion on contraction, but not at rest. More cases of anterior and posterior compartment prolapse were found in women with LAM avulsion diagnosed on contraction only compared to LAM avulsion observed at rest only (POP‐Q assessment point Ba, –1.8 vs –2.5 (P = 0.075) and point Bp, –2.5 vs –2.8 (P = 0.072)).

Conclusions

Findings on transperineal TUI performed in women at rest and on contraction correlate reasonably well. However, given the trend towards an association with signs of pelvic floor dysfunction, diagnosis of LAM avulsion on contraction seems to be more reliable. Consistency in technique and interpretation should be maintained. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Fetal facial profile markers of Down syndrome in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy
Authors: Vos F. I. , de Jong‐Pleij E. A. P. , Bakker M. , Tromp E. , Kagan K. O. , Bilardo C. M.
Published: November 2014

Objectives

To investigate the use of the maxilla–nasion–mandible (MNM) angle and fetal profile (FP) line to assess the degree of midfacial hypoplasia in Down‐syndrome fetuses in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.

Methods

The MNM angle and FP line were measured retrospectively in stored two‐dimensional images or three‐dimensional volumes of fetuses with Down syndrome. Data collected from January 2006 to July 2013 were retrieved from the digital databases of participating units. The MNM angle was expressed as a continuous variable (degrees) and the FP line as positive, negative or zero. Measurements were obtained from stored images in the midsagittal plane by two experienced examiners and compared with our previously reported normal ranges for euploid fetuses. A MNM angle below the 5th centile of the reference range and a positive or negative FP line were considered as abnormal.

Results

A total of 133 fetuses with Down syndrome were available for analysis, eight of which were subsequently excluded because of inadequate images. The MNM angle was not influenced by gestational age (P = 0.48) and was significantly smaller in Down‐syndrome fetuses than in euploid fetuses (mean, 12.90° vs 13.53°, respectively; P = 0.015). The MNM angle was below the 5th centile for euploid fetuses in 16.8% of fetuses with Down syndrome (P < 0.01). In the cohort of Down‐syndrome fetuses, a positive FP line was present in 41.6% of cases (with a false‐positive rate (FPR) of 6.3%) and was positively correlated with Down syndrome and gestational age (P < 0.01). There was no case with a negative FP line. In cases of Down syndrome, a positive FP line was correlated with a small MNM angle (P < 0.01).

Conclusions

A small MNM angle and a positive FP line can be regarded as novel markers for Down syndrome. The FP line is an easy marker to measure, has a low FPR, does not require knowledge of normal reference values and has the potential to differentiate between Down syndrome and trisomy 18, as, in the latter, the FP line is often negative. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
The Selective Use of Laparoscopic Repair is Safe in High‐Risk Patients Suffering from Perforated Peptic Ulcer
Authors: Teoh Anthony Yuen Bun , Chiu Philip Wai Yan , Kok Amy Siu Yan , Wong Simon Kin Hung , Ng Enders Kwok Wai
Published: November 2014

Background

The use of laparoscopic repair for perforated peptic ulcer (PPU) was shown to be safe and recommended in low‐risk patients. However, whether the approach is safe to apply to high‐risk patients is uncertain.

Study design

This was a retrospective study of all patients with PPU admitted between January 2002 and December 2012. The laparoscopy‐first approach (LFA) was adopted as a routine for all patients. The outcomes of LFA for PPU were reviewed and assessed to determine if the approach was safe in high‐risk patients.

Results

Three hundred and seventy three patients that suffered from PPU were included into the study and 50.9 % received laparoscopic repair. There was a significant increase in the number of operations performed yearly by the LFA (P < 0.001). 25.2 % of the patients had a Boey score of ≥2. High‐risk patients that received LFA suffered from larger ulcers (P < 0.001) with more severe contamination (P = 0.006) that required conversion (P = 0.002) when compared to the low‐risk patients. When compared to open surgery, more high‐risk patients in the open group had ASA grade ≥3 (P = 0.007) and suffered from mortality (P = 0.001). The only significant predictor to mortality in high‐risk patients was ASA grade ≥3 (P = 0.014).

Conclusions

The adoption of LFA in patients suffering from PPU was associated with acceptable rates of mortality and morbidity. The approach could also be selectively adopted in patients with Boey score ≥2 provided their ASA grading is low and hemodynamically stable.
Post-breeding migration of Night Herons Nycticorax nycticorax tracked by GPS/GSM transmitters
Authors: Ledwoń Mateusz , Betleja Jacek
Published: November 2014

The migratory strategy of herons is poorly understood: only that of Purple Heron has been well studied. The migratory movements of three Night Herons from the Upper Vistula Valley (Poland) were studied using a GPS/GSM-tracking system in 2012. The results document a previously unknown autumn migration strategy of Night Herons with long stopovers en route, unlike that of Purple Herons. The different migration strategies of Purple Herons and Night Herons could be due to differences in wing-loadings and foraging ecology.
Comparisons of Three Radiographic Views in Assessing for Scapholunate Instability
Authors: Patel Ronak M. , Kalainov David M. , Chilelli Brian J. , Makowiec Richard L.
Published: November 2014

Background

Multiple wrist x-ray images have been described to assess for scapholunate (SL) instability. Some views may be redundant. The purpose of this study was to compare three plain x-ray views in identifying a traumatic diastasis of the SL interval.

Methods

Nineteen patients (19 wrists) with a positive scaphoid shift test and surgically confirmed SL ligament damage were identified. There were 15 males and 4 females with a mean age of 39 years. Pre-operative x-rays were reviewed, including posteroanterior (PA) neutral and PA ulnar deviation views of the injured wrist, and PA clenched fist views of the injured and uninjured wrists. Dynamic SL instability was defined by an SL mid-interval gap of <3 mm and static SL instability by a gap of ≥3 mm in the PA neutral views. The mid-interval measurements were compared between x-ray images.

Results

There were 10 dynamic and 9 static SL instability cases. The PA ulnar deviation and the PA clenched fist views showed significantly greater SL gaps in comparison to the PA neutral views in dynamic but not static SL instability cases. In both categories of instability, there was no significant difference in the SL gaps between the two stress images. The PA clenched fist view of the uninjured wrist revealed SL gapping of <3 mm in 50 % of patients but with generally greater gapping in the clenched fist view of the injured wrist.

Conclusions

The PA ulnar deviation and clenched fist stress views were equally effective in showing a dynamic SL diastasis following wrist injury. Neither view was more effective than a neutral PA view in diagnosing static SL instability.
Abnormal rib count in scoliosis surgery: Impact on the reporting of spinal fusion levels
Authors: Spencer Hillard T. , Gold Meryl E. , Hresko M. Timothy
Published: November 2014

Purpose

Variation in rib numbering has been noted in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), but its effect on the reporting of fusion levels has not been studied. We hypothesized that vertebral numbering variations can lead to differing documentation of fusion levels.

Methods

We examined the radiographs of 161 surgical AIS patients and 179 control patients without scoliosis. For AIS patients, the operative report of fusion levels was compared to conventional vertebral labeling from the first thoracic level and proceeding caudal. We defined normal counts as 12 thoracic (rib-bearing) and five lumbar (non-rib-bearing) vertebrae. We compared our counts with data from 181 anatomic specimens.

Results

Among AIS patients, 22 (14 %) had an abnormal number of ribs and 29 (18 %) had either abnormal rib or lumbar count. In 12/29 (41 %) patients, the operative report differed from conventional labeling by one level, versus 3/132 (2 %) patients with normal numbering ( p < 0.001). However, there were no cases seen of wrong fusion levels based on curve pattern. Among controls, 11 % had abnormal rib count ( p = 0.41) compared to the rate in AIS. Anatomic specimen data did not differ in abnormal rib count ( p = 1.0) or thoracolumbar pattern ( p = 0.59).

Conclusions

The rate of numerical variations in the thoracolumbar vertebrae of AIS patients is equivalent to that in the general population. When variations in rib count are present, differences in numbering levels can occur. In the treatment of scoliosis, no wrong fusion levels were noted. However, for both scoliosis patients and the general population, we suggest adherence to conventional labeling to enhance clarity.
Maternity care provider knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding provision of postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices at a tertiary center in Ghana
Authors: Rupley Devon M. , Morhe Emmanuel S.K. , Moyer Cheryl A. , Dalton Vanessa K.
Published: November 2014

Objective

To assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices of maternity care providers regarding the provision of postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) in Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), Kumasi, Ghana.

Methods

A descriptive, cross‐sectional study was conducted between June 28 and July 15, 2011. Specialists, residents, house officers, and nurse midwives who had been working in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology for at least 3 months were included. Self‐administered questionnaires assessed formal training, current proficiency in IUD insertion, and attitudes toward postpartum IUD provision.

Results

Of 91 providers surveyed, 70 (77%) reported previous training in contraceptive counseling. Fewer than one in three respondents had ever inserted an IUD: 17 (44%) of 39 physicians and 9 (17%) of 52 midwives reported ever having inserted an IUD. A total of 33 (36%) respondents reported that they would recommend an IUD in the immediate postpartum period.

Conclusion

Although most maternity care providers at KATH had received training in contraceptive counseling, few felt confident in their ability to insert an IUD. Further training in postpartum contraceptive management is needed.
Asymmetric gravity–capillary solitary waves on deep water
Authors: Wang Z. , Vanden-Broeck J.-M. , Milewski P. A.
Published: November 2014

We present new families of gravity–capillary solitary waves propagating on the surface of a two-dimensional deep fluid. These spatially localised travelling-wave solutions are non-symmetric in the wave propagation direction. Our computation reveals that these waves appear from a spontaneous symmetry-breaking bifurcation, and connect two branches of multi-packet symmetric solitary waves. The speed–energy bifurcation curve of asymmetric solitary waves features a zigzag behaviour with one or more turning points.
Analyses of Wine-Tasting Data: A Tutorial
Authors: Olkin Ingram , Lou Ying , Stokes Lynne , Cao Jing
Published: November 2014

The purpose of this paper is to provide a tutorial of data analysis methods for answering questions that arise in analyzing data from wine-tasting events: (i) measuring agreement of two judges and its extension to m judges; (ii) making comparisons of judges across years; (iii) comparing two wines; (iv) designing tasting procedures to reduce burden of multiple tastings; (v) ranking of judges; and (vi) assessing causes of disagreement. In each case we describe one or more analyses and make recommendations on the conditions of use for each. (JEL Classifications: C10, C12, C13, C59, C90)
Coral reef conservation and political will
Authors: SALE PETER F.
Published: November 2014

Coral reefs and their societal benefits are in decline, chiefly due to overfishing, pollution and inappropriate coastal development. Strengthened management is possible, but collective failure to build the needed political will to act diminishes lives of millions of people along tropical coasts. Political will can be built, but it requires committed leadership and sustained investment of time and resources. Accepting failure as inevitable is inappropriate.
IS THERE ANOTHER, QUITE DIFFERENT, “ADAM SMITH PROBLEM”?
Authors: Waterman A. M. C.
Published: November 2014

Division of labor is thought to imply increasing returns to scale, which in turn implies that wages rise continually with economic growth. Yet the price theory of Wealth of Nations rests upon the assumption that the “natural” price of labor (and capital) is determined at any steady-state rate of balanced growth. There would seem, therefore, to be an irreconcilable contradiction between Smith’s exposition of the division of labor in Book I, chapters 1 to 3, and his price theory as set out in Book I, chapters 6 to 9.
BÖHM-BAWERK’S APPROACH TO ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Authors: McCaffrey Matthew , Salerno Joseph T.
Published: November 2014

This paper explores the neglected theory of entrepreneurial profit proposed by Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk. Although historians of thought often dismiss Böhm-Bawerk’s writings on this topic, we argue that he did develop a coherent theory of entrepreneurial decision making and profit distinct from his theory of interest. We first discuss Böhm-Bawerk’s ideas about futurity, uncertainty, and expectations in his theory of goods, which help form the foundation of his theory of entrepreneurship. Further, we connect his notion of uncertainty with his thoughts on money. We then turn to several of Böhm-Bawerk’s ideas about entrepreneurial profit. Entrepreneurs purchase and allocate factors of production; these decisions are speculative because production takes time, and therefore entrepreneurs bear the uncertainty of the market. Their judgment thus yields profits or losses based upon the ability to anticipate the future state of consumer demand. Finally, we discuss the views of several of Böhm-Bawerk’s contemporaries, in order to place his theory in historical context.
BLAUG VERSUS GAREGNANI ON THE ‘FORMALIST REVOLUTION’ AND THE EVOLUTION OF NEOCLASSICAL CAPITAL THEORY
Authors: Petri Fabio
Published: November 2014

In a series of papers, Mark Blaug has accused modern, mainstream economic theory of sterility because of the abandonment of “competition as a process,” tracing the cause to the Formalist Revolution of the 1950s. The paper agrees with the criticism but disagrees on the cause, which is, rather, to be found in the shift from the treatment of capital as a single factor of variable ‘form’ to a Walrasian specification of the capital endowment as a given vector, a datum incompatible with the role of equilibrium as a center of gravitation of time-consuming adjustments. The shift was due, as shown by Pierangelo Garegnani, to unease in the 1930s with the conception of capital as a single factor, a fact neglected by Blaug but historically evident and a cause of great uncertainty in capital theory in subsequent decades. The conclusion is that, to avoid the sterility of neo-Walrasian equilibria, one cannot return to Alfred Marshall with his inconsistent notion of capital as a single factor, but Blaug himself indicates another possible direction.
JAMES M. BUCHANAN, CHICAGO, AND POST-WAR PUBLIC FINANCE
Authors: Johnson Marianne
Published: November 2014

This paper examines James Buchanan’s earliest writings within the context of post-WWII public finance theory and his education at Chicago. Public choice scholars have long recognized their ties to Chicago, but few have examined Chicago’s role in serving as the primordial soup for Buchanan’s later work in public choice. Thus, we know very little about the subdiscipline of public finance at Chicago and its institutional and intellectual traditions in the immediate post-war period. As the influence of Frank Knight, price theory, and catallactics on Buchanan have been well explored, the focus here is on Buchanan’s graduate training in public finance, the departmental emphasis on product differentiation of ideas, and the general acceptance in ‘Old Chicago School’ economics of the importance of institutions and institutional design. I find that while he maintained a high degree of intellectual affinity with Chicago economics generally, Buchanan broke decisively with orthodox public finance (including that taught at Chicago) on several substantive issues early in his career, including the importance of expenditure theory and the relevance of the benefit principle and voluntary exchange.
Barriers to autism screening in family medicine practice: a qualitative study
Authors: Fenikilé Tsehaiwork Sunny , Ellerbeck Kathryn , Filippi Melissa K. , Daley Christine M.
Published: November 2014

Aim

We explored potential barriers to adoption of recommended screening for autism by family physicians at 18- and 24-month well-child visits.

Background

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends early detection and intervention of autism through the use of a standardized autism-specific screening tool on all children at the 18- and 24-month well-child visits. However, not all family physicians screen for autism.

Methods

Three focus groups and six semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 family physicians in the Kansas City metropolitan area. Verbatim transcripts were inductively coded; data were analyzed using standard text analysis.

Findings

Participants had differing views on the increased incidence of autism. Most participants attributed the increase to changes in diagnostic criteria. There was no consensus on the benefit of implementing universal screening for autism during the 18- or 24-month visit. Many preferred to identify potential problems through general developmental assessments and observations. No participants used specific screening tools for autism, and only one participant was aware of such a tool (M-CHAT). Lack of adequate training on child development and screening methods as well as limited availability of community-based resources to manage children with autism was seen as major barriers to routine screening. Suggested solutions included working toward a stronger evidence base, improving physician training and continuing education, and making systemic changes in healthcare. In conclusion, universal screening for autism at the 18- and 24-month visits is not widely accepted, nor is it implemented by family physicians.
Genetic diversification of local onion populations under different production systems in Uruguay
Authors: Monteverde Eliana , Galván Guillermo A. , Speranza Pablo
Published: November 2014

In Uruguay, onion (Allium cepaL.) germplasm is mainly derived from the genetic material introduced by several waves of European immigrants and subsequently multiplied by household farmers, resulting in a wealth of locally adapted populations. This study examined the genetic diversity in a collection of 27 local onion populations and two cultivars derived from them. A total of 843 onion plants were fingerprinted, and 83 inter-simple sequence repeat polymorphic bands were generated. Analysis of molecular variance showed high diversity within the populations (66% of the total variation). Some short-day populations from different geographical origins were grouped together by the unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages, principal coordinate analysis and cluster analysis, while the more extensively sampled long- and intermediate-day populations showed a widespread distribution, with no significant subgrouping among them. This weakly structured gene pool is probably the consequence of seed and bulb exchange between farmers and natural inter-pollination. Nevertheless, a Bayesian analysis allowed the distinction of four genetic backgrounds of alleles in the whole collection, and populations were predominately assigned to each genetic background. In addition, mitochondrial variants determining normal (N) pollen fertility or the sterile S or T types were analysed for the same set of plants using specific primers. Most accessions showed a proportion of male-sterile individuals. Cytoplasm type T was the most represented (26 out of 29 accessions), and cytoplasm type S was found in a low proportion of individuals in seven populations. Uruguayan onion germplasm maintains a low degree of genetic differentiation despite the small cultivated area and intense seed exchange, probably due in part to different market purposes based on the growing cycle.
Implicit and Explicit Body Representations
Authors: Longo Matthew R.
Published: November 2014

Several forms of perception require that sensory information be referenced to representations of the size and shape of the body. This requirement is especially acute in somatosensation in which the main receptor surface (i.e., the skin) is itself coextensive with the body. This paper reviews recent research investigating the body representations underlying somatosensory information processing, including abilities such as tactile localization, tactile size perception, and position sense. These representations show remarkably large and stereotyped distortions of represented body size and shape. Intriguingly, these distortions appear to mirror distortions characteristic of somatosensory maps, though in attenuated form. In contrast, when asked to make overt judgments about perceived body form, participants are generally quite accurate. This pattern of results suggests that higher-level somatosensory processing relies on a class of implicit body representation, distinct from the conscious body image. I discuss the implications of these results for understanding the nature of body representation and the factors that influence it.
Anorexia and Bodily Intersubjectivity
Authors: Legrand Dorothée , Briend Frédéric
Published: November 2014

One’s experiences of hunger, food, eating, and the body are not only subjective but intersubjective: They involve one’s relation to others. On the basis of this observation, what is proposed here is a conception of anorexia as bodily intersubjective: Anorexia would involve, via the manipulation of food and eating behavior, the transformation of the subject’s body, as a way of impacting her relations to others. The anorexic subject would instrumentalize her eating behavior and bodily shape to address others, thereby putting them in a position to respond to her meaningfully, by manifesting their sensitivity to her desire. Importantly, in this view, anorexia is not positioned on the intersubjective scene by opposition to the bodily and alimentary scene; rather, what is proposed is that anorexic sufferance is intersubjective insofar as it is bodily. After some clinical observations describing how anorexia is bodily intersubjective in a concrete way, an overview allows for consideration of whether this conception of anorexia conflicts with or is supported by the main approaches that are currently influential in this field.
Alterations in Activity, Volume, and Connectivity of Body-Processing Brain Areas in Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Suchan Boris , Vocks Silja , Waldorf Manuel
Published: November 2014

Body image disturbance is one of the main symptoms of eating disorders; however, the neural basis of this phenomenon is not well understood yet. In the present paper, we review studies investigating the neuronal correlates of visual body perception in anorexia nervosa. We first focus on the well-known parietal lobe contribution to body image processing and its malfunction. Additionally, we focus on the contribution and involvement of the extrastriate and fusiform body area in eating disorders, especially anorexia nervosa. The summarized studies provide first evidence for a reduced activity, volume, and connectivity in brain areas involved and specialized in the visual processing of human bodies. In general, the reviewed studies provide evidence for abnormalities in body-processing brain areas in anorexia nervosa, indicating two structures in the brain that are involved: early stages of body processing in the visual extrastriate cortex and later stages in the parietal cortex.
Swimming by reciprocal motion at low Reynolds number
Authors: Qiu Tian , Lee Tung-Chun , Mark Andrew G. , Morozov Konstantin I. , Münster Raphael , Mierka Otto , Turek Stefan , Leshansky Alexander M. , Fischer Peer
Published: November 2014

Biological microorganisms swim with flagella and cilia that execute nonreciprocal motions for low Reynolds number (Re) propulsion in viscous fluids. This symmetry requirement is a consequence of Purcell’s scallop theorem, which complicates the actuation scheme needed by microswimmers. However, most biomedically important fluids are non-Newtonian where the scallop theorem no longer holds. It should therefore be possible to realize a microswimmer that moves with reciprocal periodic body-shape changes in non-Newtonian fluids. Here we report a symmetric ‘micro-scallop’, a single-hinge microswimmer that can propel in shear thickening and shear thinning (non-Newtonian) fluids by reciprocal motion at low Re. Excellent agreement between our measurements and both numerical and analytical theoretical predictions indicates that the net propulsion is caused by modulation of the fluid viscosity upon varying the shear rate. This reciprocal swimming mechanism opens new possibilities in designing biomedical microdevices that can propel by a simple actuation scheme in non-Newtonian biological fluids.
NF-κB-induced KIAA1199 promotes survival through EGFR signalling
Authors: Shostak Kateryna , Zhang Xin , Hubert Pascale , Göktuna Serkan Ismail , Jiang Zheshen , Klevernic Iva , Hildebrand Julien , Roncarati Patrick , Hennuy Benoit , Ladang Aurélie , Somja Joan , Gothot André , Close Pierre , Delvenne Philippe , Chariot Alain
Published: November 2014

Constitutive activation of EGFR- and NF-κB-dependent pathways is a hallmark of cancer, yet signalling proteins that connect both oncogenic cascades are poorly characterized. Here we define KIAA1199 as a BCL-3- and p65-dependent gene in transformed keratinocytes. KIAA1199 expression is enhanced on human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and is aberrantly expressed in clinical cases of cervical (pre)neoplastic lesions. Mechanistically, KIAA1199 binds Plexin A2 and protects from Semaphorin 3A-mediated cell death by promoting EGFR stability and signalling. Moreover, KIAA1199 is an EGFR-binding protein and KIAA1199 deficiency impairs EGF-dependent Src, MEK1 and ERK1/2 phosphorylations. Therefore, EGFR stability and signalling to downstream kinases requires KIAA1199. As such, KIAA1199 promotes EGF-mediated epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Taken together, our data define KIAA1199 as an oncogenic protein induced by HPV infection and constitutive NF-κB activity that transmits pro-survival and invasive signals through EGFR signalling.
High-speed Intravascular Photoacoustic Imaging of Lipid-laden Atherosclerotic Plaque Enabled by a 2-kHz Barium Nitrite Raman Laser
Authors: Wang Pu , Ma Teng , Slipchenko Mikhail N. , Liang Shanshan , Hui Jie , Shung K. Kirk , Roy Sukesh , Sturek Michael , Zhou Qifa , Chen Zhongping , Cheng Ji-Xin
Published: November 2014

Lipid deposition inside the arterial wall is a key indicator of plaque vulnerability. An intravascular photoacoustic (IVPA) catheter is considered a promising device for quantifying the amount of lipid inside the arterial wall. Thus far, IVPA systems suffered from slow imaging speed (~50 s per frame) due to the lack of a suitable laser source for high-speed excitation of molecular overtone vibrations. Here, we report an improvement in IVPA imaging speed by two orders of magnitude, to 1.0 s per frame, enabled by a custom-built, 2-kHz master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA)-pumped, barium nitrite [Ba(NO3)2] Raman laser. This advancement narrows the gap in translating the IVPA technology to the clinical setting.
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Giardia Infection among Indigenous Communities in Rural Malaysia
Authors: Choy Seow Huey , Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M. , Mahdy Mohammed A. K. , Nasr Nabil N. , Sulaiman Maria , Lim Yvonne A. L. , Surin Johari
Published: November 2014

This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of Giardia infection among indigenous people in rural Malaysia. Faecal samples were collected from 1,330 participants from seven states of Malaysia and examined by wet mount and formalin-ether sedimentation methods while demographic, socioeconomic and environmental information was collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. The overall prevalence of Giardia infection was 11.6% and was significantly higher among those aged ≤ 12 years compared to their older counterparts. Multivariate logistic regression identified age of ≤12 years, lacking of toilet at household, not washing hands before eating, not washing hands after playing with animals, not boiling water before consumption, bathing in the river and not wearing shoes when outside as the significant risk factors of Giardia infection among these communities. Based on a multilocus genotyping approach (including tpi, gdh and bg gene sequences), 69 isolates were identified as assemblage A and 69 as assemblage B. No association between the assemblages and presence of symptoms was found. Providing proper sanitation, as well as provision of clean drinking water and proper health education regarding good personal hygiene practices will help significantly in reducing the prevalence and burden of Giardia infection in these communities.
Constructing a FRET-based molecular chemodosimeter for cysteine over homocysteine and glutathione by naphthalimide and phenazine derivatives
Authors: Yang Lin , Qu Weisong , Zhang Xiao , Hang Yandi , Hua Jianli
Published: November 2014

A chemodosimeter PHSN achieved turn-on fluorescence enhancement at 540 nm and discrimination of cysteine from homocysteine and glutathione in Hela cells.
Soy detection in canned tuna by PCR and capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Rodríguez-Ramírez Roberto , Vallejo-Cordoba Belinda , Mazorra-Manzano Miguel A. , González-Córdova Aarón F.
Published: November 2014

Tuna is a commercially important fish species that accounts for a significant proportion of the global fish market. The method for soy detection in commercial canned tuna developed in the present study may be helpful for regulatory agencies.
Rapid determination of N-methylpyrrolidine in cefepime by combining direct infusion electrospray ionisation-time-of-flight mass spectrometry with field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry
Authors: Smith Robert W. , Cox Lisa B. , Yudin Aswandi , Reynolds James C. , Powell Mark , Creaser Colin S.
Published: November 2014

FAIMS separation prior to mass spectrometry enables selective transmission of NMP in cefepime without interference from NMP formed by in-source CID.
High performance liquid chromatography determination of formaldehyde in engine exhaust with unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine as a new derivatization agent
Authors: Zhao Jingchan , Liu Fei , Wang Gailing , Cao Ting , Guo Zhian , Zhang Yanfeng
Published: November 2014

A rapid, simple and sensitive method for the determination of formaldehyde in exhaust gas was developed.
Highly-effective gating of single-molecule junctions: an electrochemical approach
Authors: Baghernejad Masoud , Manrique David Zsolt , Li Chen , Pope Thomas , Zhumaev Ulmas , Pobelov Ilya , Moreno-García Pavel , Kaliginedi Veerabhadrarao , Huang Cancan , Hong Wenjing , Lambert Colin , Wandlowski Thomas
Published: November 2014

We report an electrochemical gating approach with ∼100% efficiency to tune the conductance of single-molecule 4,4′-bipyridine junctions.
Chemoselective per-O-trimethylsilylation and homogeneous N-functionalisation of amino sugars
Authors: Joseph A. Abragam , Dhurandhare Vijay M. , Chang Chun-Wei , Verma Ved Prakash , Mishra Girija Prasad , Ku Chiao-Chu , Lin Chun-Cheng , Wang Cheng-Chung
Published: November 2014

HomogeneousN-functionalisation of amino sugars can be achievedviaefficient CH3CN-promoted hexamethyldisilazane per-O-trimethylsilylation.
Palladium catalyzed Csp2–H activation for direct aryl hydroxylation: the unprecedented role of 1,4-dioxane as a source of hydroxyl radicals
Authors: Seth Kapileswar , Nautiyal Manesh , Purohit Priyank , Parikh Naisargee , Chakraborti Asit K.
Published: November 2014

Direct aryl hydroxylation has been achieved via palladium-catalysed Csp2–H activation using versatile directing groups through unprecedented hydroxyl transfer from 1,4-dioxane.
Engineering lead-sensing GFP through rational designing
Authors: Nadarajan Saravanan Prabhu , Ravikumar Yuvaraj , Deepankumar Kanagavel , Lee Chong-Soon , Yun Hyungdon
Published: November 2014

A lead biosensor (PbGFP) was developed by engineering lead binding site near the chromophore of green fluorescent protein. The specific binding of lead to chromophore of PbGFP resulted in turn-off mechanism.
A time-resolved luminescence biosensor assay for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) activity
Authors: Cui Wei , Parker Laurie L.
Published: November 2014

A generalizable strategy that combines time-resolved luminescence measurement and peptide substrate provides novel kinase assay for drug screening applications.
Ammonium iodide-induced sulfonylation of alkenes with DMSO and water toward the synthesis of vinyl methyl sulfones
Authors: Gao Xiaofang , Pan Xiaojun , Gao Jian , Huang Huawen , Yuan Gaoqing , Li Yingwei
Published: November 2014

A novel ammonium iodide-induced sulfonylation of alkenes with DMSO and water toward the synthesis of vinyl methyl sulfones is described.
Diarylethene based fluorescent switchable probes for the detection of amyloid-β pathology in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lv Guanglei , Cui Baiping , Lan Haichuang , Wen Ying , Sun Anyang , Yi Tao
Published: November 2014

Two fluorescent switchable diarylethene derivatives which can detect amyloid-β aggregates bothin vitroandin vivowere reported.
Solution based, on chip direct growth of three-dimensionally wrinkled gold nanoparticles for a SERS active substrate
Authors: Lee Suseung , Song Hyeon Don , Yang Young In , Kim Gil-Pyo , Choi Inhee , Yi Jongheop
Published: November 2014

This work reports a solution-based method for on chip growth of SERS active wrinkled gold nanoparticles.
Rhodium(iii)-catalyzed C–H/C–C activation sequence: vinylcyclopropanes as versatile synthons in direct C–H allylation reactions
Authors: Wu Jia-Qiang , Qiu Zhi-Ping , Zhang Shang-Shi , Liu Jing-Gong , Lao Ye-Xing , Gu Lian-Quan , Huang Zhi-Shu , Li Juan , Wang Honggen
Published: November 2014

Succession of C–H activation and C–C activation was achieved by using a single rhodium(iii) catalyst.
Zirconium complexes of bipyrrolidine derived salan ligands for the isoselective polymerisation of rac-lactide
Authors: Jones Matthew D. , Hancock Stuart L. , McKeown Paul , Schäfer Pascal M. , Buchard Antoine , Thomas Lynne H. , Mahon Mary F. , Lowe John P.
Published: November 2014

We report a series of Zr(iv) 2,2′-bipyrrolidine–salan derived complexes and their exploitation for the ROP of rac-lactide to afford highly isotactically enriched PLA.
Visible light-induced difunctionalization of electron-enriched styrenes: synthesis of tetrahydrofurans and tetrahydropyrans
Authors: Lin Run , Sun Hongnan , Yang Chao , Shen Wenbo , Xia Wujiong
Published: November 2014

The difunctionalization of electron-enriched styrenes for the synthesis of substituted tetrahydrofurans and tetrahydropyrans in the presence of photoredox catalysts is described.
RApid Parallel Protein EvaluatoR (RAPPER), from gene to enzyme function in one day
Authors: Quertinmont L. T. , Orru R. , Lutz S.
Published: November 2014

Cell-free transcription–translation systems offer an effective and versatile platform to explore the impact of genetic variations on protein function.
A bio-catalytically driven Janus mesoporous silica cluster motor with magnetic guidance
Authors: Ma Xing , Sanchez Samuel
Published: November 2014

A bio-catalytic Janus motor based on the mesoporous silica cluster (JMSC) is fabricated.
Unprecedented synthesis of aza-bridged benzodioxepine derivatives through a tandem Rh(ii)-catalyzed 1,3-rearrangement/[3+2] cycloaddition of carbonyltriazoles
Authors: Zhang Yong-Sheng , Tang Xiang-Ying , Shi Min
Published: November 2014

Rh(ii)-catalyzed novel tandem intramolecular cycloisomerizations of aldehydes or ketones with 1-sulfonyl 1,2,3-triazoles have been disclosed, providing a facile protocol to access a series of functionalized aza-bridged benzodioxepine heterocycles.
Catalytic hydrogenation of functionalized amides under basic and neutral conditions
Authors: John Jeremy M. , Loorthuraja Rasu , Antoniuk Evan , Bergens Steven H.
Published: November 2014

A new, base-free high turnover number (TON) catalyst for hydrogenation of simple and functionalized amides is prepared by reacting [Ru(η3-C3H5)(Ph2P(CH2)2NH2)2]BF4 and BH4− under hydrogen.
Selective telomerisation of isoprene with methanol by a heterogeneous palladium resin catalyst
Authors: Torrente-Murciano Laura , Nielsen David , Jackstell Ralf , Beller Matthias , Cavell Kingsley , Lapkin Alexei A.
Published: November 2014

A heterogeneous (DVB-resin-PPh3-Pd-dvds) catalyst presents high activity for the telomerization of isoprene with methanol with an unsusual regioselectivity towards tail-to-tail telomerization products.
A single-phased tunable emission phosphor MgY2Si3O10: Eu3+, Bi3+ with efficient energy transfer for white LEDs
Authors: Zhou Hongpeng , Jin Ye , Jiang Mingsong , Wang Qingping , Jiang Xingxing
Published: November 2014

A novel single-phased tunable emitting phosphor MgY2Si3O10: Bi3+, Eu3+ has been synthesized by conventional high temperature solid-state method. Upon the 344 nm excitation, the energy transfer from Bi3+(i) to Bi3+(ii) and both Bi3+ ions to Eu3+ has been investigated in detail.
Remarkable effect of Pt nanoparticles on visible light-induced oxygen generation from water catalysed by perovskite oxides
Authors: Gupta Uttam , Naidu B. S. , Rao C. N. R.
Published: November 2014

Oxidation of water is a challenging process with a positive free energy change and it is purposeful to find good catalysts to facilitate the process.
Redox activity and π bonding in a tripodal seven-coordinate molybdenum(vi) tris(amidophenolate)
Authors: Marshall-Roth Travis , Brown Seth N.
Published: November 2014

A tripodal seven-coordinate tris(amidophenolato)molybdenum(vi) complex shows strong ligand-to-metal π donation (40 kcal mol−1 per π bond) and undergoes facile ligand-centered oxidation.
Unprecedented silicon(ii)→calcium complexes with N-heterocyclic silylenes
Authors: Blom Burgert , Klatt Günter , Gallego Daniel , Tan Gengwen , Driess Matthias
Published: November 2014

The first N-heterocyclic silylene (NHSi) complexes of any s-block element to date are reported for calcium: [(η5-C5Me5)2Ca←:Si(O-C6H4-2-tBu){(NtBu)2CPh}] and [(η5-C5Me5)2Ca←:Si(NtBuCH)2]. The synthesis, structure, bonding analysis by DFT methods and the reactivity towards oxygen containing substrates is discussed.
Formation of a novel ferromagnetic end-to-end cyanate bridged homochiral helical copper(ii) Schiff base complex via spontaneous symmetry breaking
Authors: Bhattacharyya Anik , Ghosh Biswa Nath , Herrero Santiago , Rissanen Kari , Jiménez-Aparicio Reyes , Chattopadhyay Shouvik
Published: November 2014

A homochiral helical coordination polymer of copper(ii) has been synthesized using achiral precursors. End-to-end cyanate bridges mediate ferromagnetic exchange interactions among copper(ii) centres.
Surface plasmon enhanced energy transfer between gold nanorods and fluorophores: application to endocytosis study and RNA detection
Authors: Zhang Yinan , Wei Guoke , Yu Jun , Birch David J. S. , Chen Yu
Published: November 2014

Previously we have demonstrated surface plasmon enhanced energy transfer between fluorophores and gold nanorods under two-photon excitation using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) in both solution and intracellular phases. These studies demonstrated that gold nanoparticle–dye energy transfer combinations are appealing, not only in Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) imaging, but also energy transfer-based fluorescence lifetime sensing of bio-analytes. Here, we apply this approach to study the internalization of gold nanorods (GNRs) in HeLa cells using the early endosome labeling marker GFP. The observed energy transfer between GFP and the GNRs indicates the involvement of endocytosis in GNR uptake. Moreover, a novel nanoprobe based on oligonucleotide functionalized gold nanorods for nucleic acid sensing via dye–GNRs energy transfer is demonstrated, potentially opening up new possibilities in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. The influence of oligonucleotide design on such nanoprobe performance was studied for the first time using time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, bringing new insights to the optimization of the nanoprobe.