bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of two-step heating transient liquid phase bonding on microstructure and mechanical behaviour of IN-738LC gas turbine components
Authors: Amirkhani Alireza , Shirvani Kourosh , Beidokhti Behrooz , Rahimipour Mohammad R
Published: November 2022

The long isothermal solidification and homogenization time is the major concern in repairing turbine parts by the conventional transient liquid phase method. In this study, microstructure and morphology of the proposed two-step heating transient liquid phase joints were compared to results of the conventional ones conducted at the same temperature. After the isothermal solidification, deleterious precipitates such as Ni3Si, Ni3B and CrB were removed. The application of the two-step technique increased the shear strength of the joints up to 28% (516–674 MPa) due to collision of two non-planar interfaces and formation of the longer bonding line. The shear fracture surfaces of all bonds with the complete isothermal solidification stage represent a dimple pattern that is characterized by ductile fracture. The stress-rupture life of the joint at 982 °C was about 85% of the superalloy service life at this temperature.
Effect of bio-inspired surface texture on the resistance of 3D-printed polycarbonate bonded joints
Authors: Naat N , Boutar Y , Naïmi S , Mezlini S , da Silva LFM
Published: November 2022

Surface preparation before adhesive bonding is crucial to improve the resistance and durability of the joint by altering the surface properties of the adherend. The purpose of surface treatment is to clean the surface from contaminants, activate the adherend surface and create an optimal surface structure to promote adhesion mechanisms. In that context, this work aims to investigate the influence of substrate surface texturing on the resistance of adhesive joints. Two bio-inspired surface textures were investigated, Fish scale (FS) and Tree frog (TF). Polycarbonate (PC) specimens with different surface patterns were manufactured using the fused deposition modelling process. Surface morphology, such as pattern dimension (shape and depth), surface roughness (Ra), and wettability, were used to characterise the substrates. The influence of these texture patterns on the shear strength of adhesively bonded joints was evaluated through the standardised block shear test method ASTM D4501-01. Moreover, the shear strength of the structured joints was compared to the results from bonding with polished surfaces (surfaces abraded with 80, 600 and 1000 grit paper), and with as-printed surfaces. The results revealed that the FS and TF surface textures enhanced the shear strength by 242% and 283% compared to the adhesive joints with polished surfaces. It was also shown that the variation in depth of the bio-inspired surface texture has no significant impact on the joint strength. Failure analysis demonstrated that the fracture mode of bonded joints with polished surfaces was the adhesive failure while mixed failure (cohesive and adhesive) characterises the as-printed, TF and FS surfaces. Worthy results are obtained rising the effectiveness of surface texture for the PC's bonded joints.

Graphical Abstract

[Formula: see text]

This is a graphical representation of the abstract.
Introducing the ‘3 Fs model of complexity’ for people with dementia accessing a NHS mental health inpatient dementia assessment ward: An interpretive description study
Authors: Jones Lesley , Cullum Nicky , Watson Ruth , Keady John
Published: November 2022

Background

In the United Kingdom, the use of the terms ‘complex’ and ‘complexity’ alongside dementia is reflected in a number of policy and practice documents. However, there is a lack of evidence that explores how complexity is perceived, constructed and experienced by people with dementia, family carers and practitioners working in the NHS dementia inpatient assessment wards [dementia assessment wards].

Objective

To explore the meaning and concept of complexity in dementia from within the setting of a dementia assessment ward and develop a practice model.

Methods

The study was conducted over three phases: 1) an online electronic survey of UK national dementia leaders; 2) individual interviews and a focus group with dementia practitioners in two dementia assessment wards; 3) case studies of four patients with dementia resident on a dementia assessment ward which included their identified family carer/consultee, the named clinician on the ward involved in that person’s care and a care records review.

Results

The findings highlighted that complexity is constructed through a number of interconnected and interrelated domains that vary in acuity. These findings have been developed into the ‘3 Fs Model of Complexity’ and the 3‘Fs’ stand for Fixed, Flexible and Fluctuating. The Fixed domain consists of six components which are always present in complexity. The Flexible domain consists of 14 components and a person with dementia may experience any number of Flexible domain components at any one time. The Fluctuating domain highlights that all components have the ability to vary in their acuity.

Conclusion

The ‘3 Fs Model of Complexity’ may facilitate a more holistic view of a person with dementia than when ‘symptoms’ are viewed in isolation. Going forward, and subject to further refinement and testing, the ‘3 Fs Model of Complexity’ could help guide the selection of tailored, personalised interventions for people with dementia, including formulation approaches.
Course-Based Undergraduate Research in Human Resource Development: A Case Study
Authors: Hwang Jihee , Franklin Corbin
Published: November 2022

The Problem

In the United States, undergraduate programs in Human Resource Development (HRD) have been growing and are visible in developing undergraduate students’ career readiness and skill set acquisition for lifelong learning. However, there is a limited understanding of high-impact learning experiences as a pedagogical approach in HRD.

The Solution

Course-based undergraduate research experience in a capstone class at a large research university is described. Five core competency areas for undergraduate research are defined and example learning activities aligned with the competencies are addressed. Student reflection summaries were analyzed to report students’ perceived learning gains. Information on this study can be used to further design impactful capstone research experiences for undergraduate HRD students through high-impact learning principles and practices.

The Stakeholders

The primary audience for this study is HRD faculty, instructors, and graduate students whose career goal is teaching and researching in HRD or closely related fields in the social sciences.
Sequential Administrations of a Vascular-Disrupting Agent, High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound, and a Radioactively labeled Necrosis Avid Compound for Eradicating Solid Malignancies
Authors: Li Yue , Wang Shuncong , Chen Lei , Feng Yuanbo , Shen Zhijun , Chen Xin , Huang Gang , Ni Yicheng
Published: November 2022

Radical treatment of malignant solid tumors should aim to be less traumatic, precise, and effective. OncoCiDia, as a noninvasive, sequential dual-targeting, small-molecule, broad spectrum anticancer theranostic approach, may fulfill these requirements of solid cancer (Onco) treatment with both tumoricidal (Ci) and diagnostic (Dia) effects. However, it is unlikely to cure patients with cancer, especially those with large and irregular tumors and with tumors residing in certain organs, such as the brain and pancreas, because of insufficient necrosis generation. To amplify ablative efficacy, this shortcoming could be overcome by combining high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) with the use of a vascular-disrupting agent (VDA) and a radioactively labeled necrosis avid compound (NAC), such as 131I-Hypericin (131I-Hyp), which are the first and second targeting drugs used in OncoCiDia. This study proposes the combined use of OncoCiDia and HIFU (Onco-HIFU-CiDia) as a synergistic treatment for malignant tumors to achieve a curative multimodality and multidrug regimen for patients with solid cancers, in accordance with the current trend of cancer patient care.
Current Probes for Imaging Carbonylation in Cellular Systems and Their Relevance to Progression of Diseases
Authors: Dilek Ozlem
Published: November 2022

Oxidative stress resulted from reactive oxygen or nitrogen species in biological systems has a significant role in the diagnosis/progression of several human diseases. Human diseases associated with oxidative stress include Alzheimer's disease, chronic lung disease, chronic renal failure, cancer, diabetes, and fibrosis. In oxidative stress conditions, carbonylation process can be described as one of the most common modifications in biomolecules that takes place in the presence of carbonyl (C = O) groups which are introduced into molecules by direct metal-catalyzed oxidation of certain amino acids or indirectly by reaction with the oxidation of lipids and sugars. At a molecular cellular level, carbonylation can cause some defective biological consequences or chemical transformations in cells. During this process, specifically, carbonylated proteins can be accumulated in cells and trigger to develop some diseases in human body. The role of the accumulation of carbonylated proteins in the progression of several diseases has also been reported in the literature, such as neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, obesity, aging, and cancer. Early detection of carbonylation process is, therefore, very critical to monitor these diseases at an early stage. Finding a suitable biomarker or probe is very challenging due to the need for multiple criteria: high fluorescence efficiency, stability, toxicity, and permeability. If they are designed with a good strategy, these probes are highly effective in cell biology applications and they can be used as good diagnostic tools for monitoring oxidative stress-induced carbonylation in relevant diseases. This review highlights the design and use of recent fluorescent probes for visualization of carbonylation in cellular systems and the relationship between oxidative stress and carbonyl species for causing long-term disease complications.
Marriage as a Protective Factor Against Intimate Partner Violence Suffered by Women. Exploring Mechanisms
Authors: Cid Alejandro , Leguisamo Mariana
Published: November 2022

Research has consistently found that married women experienced less intimate partner violence (IPV) than cohabiting ones. However, most existing studies focus on the incidence of IPV as a binary indicator, while the severity of that exposure or the different types of violence has been largely ignored. This article begins to address these issues with a multivariate approach, for some Latin American countries. The study reports that married women suffered less violence than cohabiting women for each singular type of violence, even after controlling by education, age, locality, wealth, and personal violence history. This article proposes a novel mechanism that helps to explain these findings: marriage would provide a framework that fosters investment in the quality of the couple's relationship, thus preventing IPV. The estimates on the couple's investments support these predictions.
An online intelligent electronic medical record system via speech recognition
Authors: Xia Xin , Ma Yunlong , Luo Ye , Lu Jianwei
Published: November 2022

Traditional electronic medical record systems in hospitals rely on healthcare workers to manually enter patient information, resulting in healthcare workers having to spend a significant amount of time each day filling out electronic medical records. This inefficient interaction seriously affects the communication between doctors and patients and reduces the speed at which doctors can diagnose patients’ conditions. The rapid development of deep learning–based speech recognition technology promises to improve this situation. In this work, we build an online electronic medical record system based on speech interaction. The system integrates a medical linguistic knowledge base, a specialized language model, a personalized acoustic model, and a fault-tolerance mechanism. Hence, we propose and develop an advanced electronic medical record system approach with multi-accent adaptive technology for avoiding the mistakes caused by accents, and it improves the accuracy of speech recognition obviously. For testing the proposed speech recognition electronic medical record system, we construct medical speech recognition data sets using audio and electronic medical records from real medical environments. On the data sets from real clinical scenarios, our proposed algorithm significantly outperforms other machine learning algorithms. Furthermore, compared to traditional electronic medical record systems that rely on keyboard inputs, our system is much more efficient, and its accuracy rate increases with the increasing online time of the proposed system. Our results show that the proposed electronic medical record system is expected to revolutionize the traditional working approach of clinical departments, and it serves more efficient in clinics with low time consumption compared with traditional electronic medical record systems depending on keyboard inputs, which has less recording mistakes and lows down the time consumption in modification of medical recordings; due to the proposed speech recognition electronic medical record system is built on knowledge database of medical terms, so it has a good generalized application and adaption in the clinical scenarios for hospitals.
Understanding the influences on horizontal jump landing mechanics: A systematic review
Authors: Krause Andrew T , Snodgrass Suzanne J , Edwards Suzi , McNally Timothy , Osmotherly Peter G
Published: November 2022

Horizontal jumps have been used to assess pathological landing mechanics and as a plyometric conditioning exercise. Investigations have yet to clarify what and how varying jump characteristics influence landing mechanics. A search of Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus and SPORTDiscus was conducted. Included articles were original published research articles, which reported 3D kinetic or kinematic measurements on landing, from bilateral horizontal jumps in healthy adult populations. Nine articles met inclusion criteria and demonstrated a satisfactory to low risk of bias. Kinematic and kinetic landing data for bilateral horizontal jumps were extracted and analysed. The addition of a subsequent jump on landing reduced peak vertical ground reaction force (GRF), and addition of a heading task reduced landing hip and knee joint flexion. Greater magnitude jumps increased knee joint flexion. Horizontal jump tasks which restricted arm swing produced less peak vertical GRF. Bilateral horizontal jumps described as having higher peak vertical trajectories appeared to be associated with reduced hip flexion on landing. These findings highlight the importance of considering jump characteristics when designing bilateral horizontal jump tasks. Further research on landing performance following bilateral horizontal jumps is required to strengthen findings and should include measures of flight trajectory.
Golf swing in response to anteroposterior ball position
Authors: Kim Sung Eun , Lee Jangyun , Lee Sae Yong , Lee Hae-Dong , Lee Sung-Cheol , Shim Jae Kun
Published: November 2022

Studies for effective golf coaching such as providing a causal relationship between the address posture and golf-swing behaviors are limited. This study investigated the effects of ball position on golf-swing behaviors. Twenty professional golfers performed golf swing at five different anteroposterior (forward/backward) ball positions: reference ball position (R0) and ±2.14 cm (golf ball radius) and ±4.17 cm (golf ball diameter) to the R0. Their swings were captured using a motion capture system with two force platforms. Statistical parametric mapping was used to compare the ground reaction forces and swing kinematics for different ball positions. The backward (closer to the golfer) ball positions were associated with more extended trunk, knee, and ankle angles in the sagittal plane during the entire golf swing (from address to impact) compared to that of the R0. The backward ball positions were generally associated with decreased horizontal ground reaction forces and pelvis and X-factor angles in the transverse plane during the downswing compared to that of the R0. Whereas, these patterns were reversed for the forward ball positions. These results demonstrate the value of ball position for coaching methods including the importance of a consistent ball position and reveal a consistent human control system for professionals which can provide valuable information for modeling the features of a digitized coaching tool.
The Ocular Politics of Targeting: Disembodiment and the Perpetrator Gaze in the War on Terror
Authors: Auchter Jessica
Published: November 2022

This article analyses the politics of seeing as a way to examine the elision of civilian casualty in the War on Terror. The author particularly focuses on the ambiguities and paradoxes at play in this discussion: the question of distance, the question of visibility and the role of the body. In doing so, she tells the story of how terrorism has emerged as a form of violence that centralizes bodies, focused on the figure of the innocent victim whose body has been destroyed by the body of another, even as the technology of drone strikes also operates by exploding bodies, but through the purported precision of techno-military operations. Such technology re-categorizes civilian death as collateral damage, defining these deaths as technological effects rather than as biological, embodied ones. This acts to disembody dead civilians even as increased attention is being given to soldier bodies (both dead and injured). In this sense, the author is not arguing that civilian death has become disembodied by virtue of the distancing caused by the drone apparatus. Rather, she seeks to tell a more complicated story of how the drone gaze functions as a perpetrator gaze, and who and what it sees.
Protective effect of methotrexate on lung function and mortality in rheumatoid arthritis–related interstitial lung disease: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kim Kangjoon , Woo Ala , Park Youngmok , Yong Seung Hyun , Lee Su Hwan , Lee Sang Hoon , Leem Ah Young , Kim Song Yee , Chung Kyung Soo , Kim Eun Young , Jung Ji Ye , Kang Young Ae , Kim Young Sam , Park Moo Suk
Published: November 2022

Background:

Studies on the risk and protective factors for lung function decline and mortality in rheumatoid arthritis–related interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) are limited.

Objectives:

We aimed to investigate clinical factors and medication uses associated with lung function decline and mortality in RA-ILD.

Methods:

This retrospective cohort study examined the medical records of patients with RA-ILD who visited Severance Hospital between January 2006 and December 2019. We selected 170 patients with RA-ILD who had undergone at least one spirometry test and chest computed tomography scan. An absolute decline of ⩾10% in the functional vital capacity (FVC) was defined as significant decline in pulmonary function. Data for analysis were retrieved from electronic medical records.

Results:

Ninety patients (52.9%) were female; the mean age was 64.0 ± 10.2 years. Multivariate logistic regression showed that a high erythrocyte sediment rate level at baseline [odds ratio (OR) = 3.056; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.183–7.890] and methotrexate (MTX) use (OR = 0.269; 95% CI = 0.094–0.769) were risk and protective factors for lung function decline, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that age ⩾65 years (OR = 2.723; 95% CI = 1.142–6.491), radiologic pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) or probable UIP (OR = 3.948; 95% CI = 1.522–10.242), baseline functional vital capacity (FVC) % predicted (OR = 0.971; 95% CI = 0.948–0.994), and MTX use (OR = 0.284; 95% CI = 0.091–0.880) were predictive of mortality.

Conclusion:

We identified risk and protective factors for lung function decline and mortality in patients with RA-ILD. MTX use was associated with favorable outcome in terms of both lung function and mortality in our cohort.
Interventional pulmonology use of cell-free DNA assay for metastatic non–small cell lung cancer: the UC Davis experience
Authors: Phan Chinh , Jespersen Forrest , Weipert Caroline , Li Tianhong , Yoneda Ken Y.
Published: November 2022

Background:

Interventional pulmonologists (IPs) are often the first specialist to see patients with suspected metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC). Consequently, they are potentially ideally positioned to expedite the identification of actionable molecular mutations by ordering blood-based cell-free DNA (cfDNA), prior to or upon tissue diagnosis of mNSCLC.

Methods:

Retrospective review of cfDNA ordered by IP as part of a routine clinical practice. Patients were categorized into two groups based on when cfDNA was ordered by IP: (1) IP suspected mNSCLC prior to histologic confirmation or (2) IP diagnosed mNSCLC based on histologic confirmation of NSCLC.

Results:

Twenty patients were identified. Twelve of 13 in group 1 were confirmed to have mNSCLC by oncology and 1 had stage IIIA. Seven of 7 in group 2 were confirmed to have mNSCLC by oncology. Fifteen of 20 also had next-generation tissue molecular testing. Thirteen of 20 (65%) had targetable alterations. Seven of 13 (54%) were identified on cfDNA and tissue, 5/13 (38%) on cfDNA only, and 1/13 (8%) on tissue alone. Tissue results were available a medium of 24 days after, and cfDNA results a medium of 4 days prior to, the patients’ first oncology visit.

Conclusions:

IP appears to be able identify patients who have mNSCLC and for whom testing for molecular mutations is appropriate even prior to tissue confirmation of NSCLC. A strategy whereby IP employ blood-based cfDNA testing in suspected and tissue confirmed mNSCLC could potentially provide medical oncologists with more timely information on actionable mutations than tissue-based testing first, potentially expediting patient treatment.
Elevated cord levels of ustekinumab following its use in the treatment of Crohn's disease in pregnancy
Authors: Keating Niamh E , Walker Caroline J , Lally Damian A , O’Brien Celine M , Corcoran Siobhan M , Ryan Barbara M , Harewood Gavin C , McAuliffe Fionnuala M
Published: November 2022

Ustekinumab (USK) was used in the treatment of two pregnant patients with Crohn's disease. It was given in the third trimester and restarted postnatally for both women. One woman remained on USK and in remission throughout pregnancy. The second woman, took a treatment break, flared, and then had remission induced with reintroduction of USK. Both women delivered healthy term infants. The interval from last dose to birth was 11 and 8 weeks respectively. Interestingly, USK levels in cord blood was observed in higher concentrations than in the maternal serum taken in third trimester. While no adverse effect in infants has been observed, clinicians should remain aware of fetal transfer when using USK in pregnancy. An evaluation of risk and benefit may favour continuing USK in pregnancy in patients with refractory disease.
Utility of Preoperative Laboratory Testing for Ambulatory Endoscopic Sinonasal Surgery in Low-Risk Patients
Authors: Patel Rushi , Shah Sejal , Vedula Sudeepti , Omiunu Ariel , Patel Prayag , Eloy Jean Anderson , Baredes Soly , Fang Christina H.
Published: November 2022

Background

Preoperative laboratory tests (PLTs) are often obtained prior to outpatient surgical procedures. The objective of this study is to examine the current practice of routine PLT in low-risk patients undergoing ambulatory endoscopic sinonasal surgery (ESS) and to assess whether such testing impacts surgical outcomes.

Methods

Patients undergoing ambulatory ESS were identified from the 2011 to 2018 NSQIP database. Low-risk patients were defined as American Society of Anesthesiologist class 1 or 2. PLTs were grouped into hematologic, chemistry, coagulation, and liver function tests. Chi-square analyses and independent samples t-tests were conducted to compare categoric and continuous variables, respectively.

Results

A total of 664 cases met the inclusion criteria, of which 419 (62.1%) underwent at least one PLT. Of these, the most frequent PLT obtained was a complete blood cell count (92.4%). Major complications occurred in 1.5% of patients. There were no statistically significant differences in overall postoperative complications between those with and without PLT ( P = .264). Specifically, no significant difference was seen in the incidence of postoperative bleeding ( P = .184), urinary tract infection ( P = .444), pulmonary embolism ( P = .444), or wound infection ( P = .701). On multivariable analyses, PLT status was not significantly associated with any complication ( P = .097) or unplanned readmission ( P = .898).

Conclusions

Our analysis did not reveal an association between the use of PLT and postoperative morbidity or unplanned readmission in low-risk patients undergoing outpatient ESS.
Recall Bias Affects Pain Assessment in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Pilot Study
Authors: Previtali Davide , Boffa Angelo , Di Martino Alessandro , Deabate Luca , Delcogliano Marco , Filardo Giuseppe
Published: November 2022

Objective

The objective of this study was to evaluate the recall bias of symptoms evaluation in knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Design

In this multicentric pilot study, 50 patients with knee OA used a mobile App (Ecological Momentary Assessment [EMA]) to collect pain and function on two 0 to 10 numerical rating scales (NRS) 2 times a day for 2 months. At the 1-month and at the 2-month follow-up visits, patients retrospectively evaluated the mean level of pain/function of the last month. Recall bias was computed as the difference between the mean level of pain/function reported using the App and the level reported with the retrospective assessment. The correlation between the recall bias and patients’ characteristics, as well as pain/function trajectories, was analyzed.

Results

A statistically significant recall bias was documented with higher pain reported at 1-month with the retrospective assessment ( P < 0.001). These results were confirmed also at the 2-month follow-up ( P = 0.002). For function, no significant recall bias was documented. During the first and second months, 47 and 31 patients showed pain peaks, respectively. The number of pain peaks during the first month was correlated with the magnitude of the recall bias ( P = 0.02).

Conclusions

The recall bias influences the retrospective self-assessment of pain at the follow-up visits and the presence of pain peaks, a common event in the patients with OA, increases the magnitude of recall bias. The EMA performed with a mobile App is a useful tool to limit the influence of recall bias in the clinical and research setting evaluation of knee OA.
Automated vehicles – is a dilution of human responsibility the answer?
Authors: Günsberg Patrick S.
Published: November 2022

AI-driven vehicles and other artificial intelligence (AI) systems may cause serious injury to people while operating independently. Besides vehicles progress may be seen in the use of autonomous weapon systems, AI in medicine and care robots. It seems that soon AI systems will increasingly be making decisions previously made by humans. A Swedish inquiry argued that existing criminal law rules on responsibility are not suitable for automated vehicles (when in the self-driving mode). The human in the driver’s seat would not be blamed if an accident occurs. Conversely, the Proposal for a Regulation on Artificial Intelligence places an emphasis on oversight by human beings to an extent. A battle for the hearts and minds of people might be underway here. It seems that further exploration of the matter is warranted, especially through the criminal law lens—are proposals where the human user is absolved of blame viable at this point in time?
Promoting follow-up attendance among mental health patients at a primary healthcare center in Lebanon: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kontar Jana , Osseiran Ali , Makki Fadi , El Chammay Rabih
Published: November 2022

Objective:

In 2015, the Lebanese Ministry of Public Health launched the 2015–2020 National Mental Health Strategy in an effort to integrate Mental Health into Primary Healthcare centers. One of the key objectives of the strategy was to increase the detection, assessment, and management of mental disorders including depression. In addition to diagnosis and patient education, a successful management of depression requires that patients systematically follow-up with their healthcare provider to ensure that they are on the optimal path to recovery. This study evaluates the impact of a visual self-assessment card to increase patients’ attendance to a follow-up appointment with their healthcare provider.

Methods:

A clustered randomized controlled trial was implemented at a Primary Healthcare center located in South Lebanon. The final sample consisted of 405 patients (209 treated and 196 untreated patients) who were diagnosed with mild-to-severe depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9 > 4). Patients were asked to attend a follow-up appointment with their health provider 2–3 weeks following the initial assessment. Treated patients were provided with a visual self-assessment card that tracked their daily mood changes and reminded them of their follow-up appointment.

Results:

Overall, the results provide evidence supporting the use of the self-assessment card to remind mental health patients of their follow-up appointments. Patients who received the card were 9 percentage points more likely to attend their follow-up appointment ( p = 0.05), with new patients (vs existing patients) exhibiting a 15 percentage points increase ( p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Efforts focused on increasing compliance with follow-up appointments should be at the cornerstone of mental health integration approaches. Not only do our findings suggest a great potential for cost-effective interventions but also highlight new avenues to optimize on the use of reminders to promote compliance.
Rapidly spreading deep dissecting hematoma occurring 1 month after a minor trauma: A case report
Authors: Hamdan Rémy , Zwetyenga Narcisse , Macheboeuf Yvan , Ray Patrick
Published: November 2022

A deep dissecting hematoma is the most serious complication of dermatoporosis, consisting of a rapidly expanding blood collection that splits the hypodermis from the muscle fascia. A several-week time lapse between a minor trauma-induced superficial hematoma and its sudden evolution into a rapidly spreading deep dissecting hematoma is unusual. We report the case of a 70-year-old woman with long-term oral anticoagulation and dermatoporosis who suddenly developed a rapidly spreading right-leg deep dissecting hematoma 1 month after minor trauma, for which a surgical debridement and drainage were performed. Only local care and absorbent dressings were used to manage the post-operative wound, and within 4 months, the wound had healed. In this report, we emphasize the importance of preventing deep dissecting hematoma in patients who are at risk as well as the need to weigh the benefits and risks of anticoagulants when dermatoporosis cutaneous signs are present. A limb-threatening deep dissecting hematoma may develop suddenly, even weeks after a minor impact. In order to prevent skin necrosis from occurring, caregivers, patients, and carers must be able to identify this condition early on.
Verbal and Visual Framing of Responsibility for Type 1 Diabetes by Patient Influencers on Instagram
Authors: Wiedicke Annemarie , Reifegerste Doreen , Temmann Linn Julia , Scherr Sebastian
Published: November 2022

Visuals remain understudied in health-related framing research. On Instagram, users who have been patients of long-term health conditions, such as type 1 diabetes (T1D), and who regularly share their experiences with a wider audience, that is, patient influencers, have become an increasingly important source of health information. Both their verbal and visual portrayal of health issues and how they frame causal and treatment responsibility for them matters for the public perception of health and illness. We aimed at determining how patient influencers verbally and visually portray T1D on Instagram, thus incorporating verbal and visual frame analysis by conducting a multimethod study. Combining insights from a qualitative image sorting study ( N = 168 images) and a quantitative content analysis of N = 280 posts by German patient influencers on Instagram, we show that these influencers frequently share how they feel about their illness and verbally emphasize individual treatment responsibilities. Visually, they mostly share images of their diabetes devices, such as insulin pumps. Overall, the visuals used on Instagram tend to enhance the verbal responsibility frames in the captions, with one specific visual frame attributing individual treatment responsibility.
What Role Expectations Do Primary Care Physicians in Japan Hold for Physical Therapists Regarding Primary Care?
Authors: Goto Ryohei , Haruta Junji , Ozone Sachiko
Published: November 2022

Introduction/Objectives:

This study aimed to clarify what primary care physicians (PCPs) in Japan understand of the role of physical therapists (PTs) through the experience of working with PTs in hospitals, and what roles PCPs expect for PTs in future primary care.

Methods:

Semi-structured interviews were conducted individually with 9 purposively sampled PCPs with sufficient experience of collaboration with PTs. Interview data were analyzed by theme analysis focusing on “What does the PCP understand about the role of PTs through the experience of working with PTs in hospitals?” and “What roles and purposes does the PCP wish for PTs in primary care settings?”

Results:

PCPs viewed PTs as providers of rehabilitation in the traditional medical model, and understood their role as an occupation having a mono-causal viewpoint, namely a specific and well-defined outcome for individual patients, and intervening with patients within a short clinical course with the aim of improvement or maintenance of the patient’s condition. With regard to future primary care, PCPs expected that PTs would interpret various factors related to patient lives from the viewpoint of causal interactions; become important stakeholders in the community; and respond flexibly to patients and the environmental factors around them with continued support to the individual.

Conclusions:

PCPs understood the role of PTs in hospitals as “Rehabilitation in the traditional medical model,” and expected the future role of PTs in primary care as “Rehabilitation in integrated community care.”
Achieving Quality Integrated Care for Adolescent Depression: A Scoping Review
Authors: Sarakbi Diana , Groll Dianne , Tranmer Joan , Sears Kim
Published: November 2022

Introduction:

While primary care is often the first point of contact for adolescents with depression, more than half of depressed adolescents are either untreated or undertreated. A scoping review had been completed to summarize approaches for achieving quality integrated care in primary care focused on adolescent depression.

Methods:

The scoping review followed the methodological framework for scoping studies from Arksey and O’Malley. Articles were grouped into themes and mapped to 6 quality domains for integrated care from the practice integration profile survey and 3 levels of stakeholders based on WHO’s definition for health systems (patient/family, primary care team, and national/sub-national health system).

Results:

A total of 868 records were screened resulting in 22 articles at the patient/family-level (5/22), the primary care team-level (18/22), and the national/sub-national health system-level (16/22). The results highlighted multilevel approaches to support the delivery of quality integrated care for adolescent depression in primary care: (1) population-focused using patient registries, routine screening based on standardized algorithms, and patient-centered strategies, (2) team-driven where primary care clinicians collaborate with mental health clinicians as part of a primary care team, (3) evidence-based delivery of mental health services across the integrated care pathway from screening to follow-up visits, and (4) measurement-guided by leveraging the electronic health record infrastructure to learn from patient outcomes.

Conclusion:

More research is needed on how to provide quality integrated care for adolescent depression, specifically on patient engagement and retention, grounded in the frontline experiences of patients, families, and clinicians and supported by national and/or sub-national guidelines. A learning system could help integrate mental health services in primary care in a way that is consistent across the national and/or sub-national health system.
Oral Hydration Before and After Hip Replacement: The Notion Behind Every Action
Authors: Briguglio Matteo , Wainwright Thomas W , Crespi Tiziano , Southern Kate , Mangiavini Laura , Craig James , Middleton Rob G
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Even though nearly 20 patients undergo hip replacement every hour just in Italy and the United Kingdom, it is unclear what are the most appropriate oral hydration practices that patients should follow before and after surgery. Improper administration can cause postoperative fluid disturbances or exacerbate pre-existing conditions, which are not an uncommon find in older subjects.

Significance

Considering that the number of hip operations is expected to increase in the next years as well as the age of patients, it is important to recall the notions behind water balance, especially in light of modern surgical and anesthetic practices. This technical perspective discusses the perioperative changes in the hydration status that occur during hip replacement and provides the concepts that help clinicians to better manage how much water the patient can drink.

Results

The points of view of the surgeon, the anesthetist, and the nurse are offered together with the description of mineral waters intended for human consumption. Before surgery, water should be always preferred over caffeinated, sugar-sweetened, and alcoholic beverages. The drinking requirements on the day of surgery should consider the water output from urine, feces, respiration, exudation, and bleeding along with the water input from metabolic production and intravenous administration of fluids and medications. Healthy eating habits provide water and should be promoted before and after surgery.

Conclusions

The judgment on which is the most appropriate approach to oral hydration practices must be the responsibility of the multidisciplinary perioperative team. Nevertheless, it is reasonable to argue that, in the presence of a patient with no relevant illness and who follows a healthy diet, it is more appropriate to stay closer to dehydration than liberalizing water intake both prior to surgery and in the early postoperative hours until the resumption of normal physiological functions.
A Meta-Analysis of Test-Retest Reliability in Language Anxiety Research: Is Language Anxiety Stable or Variable?
Authors: Hsiao Tsung-Yuan , Tseng Wen-Ta
Published: November 2022

Researchers have agreed that language anxiety is situation-specific; however, whether existing instruments measure stable or transient components of this anxiety remains controversial. Therefore, this study examined language anxiety’s trait stability and state variability. The results from synthesizing 21 test-retest correlations based on existing scales showed a large effect ( r = .82). Meta-regression and subgroup analyses revealed that the aggregated correlation varied with target languages, but not with age, measuring scales, or retest intervals. The overall results provide evidence that situation-specific language anxiety, as measured by existing scales, is as stable as broad personality traits are, but it is not a personality trait. This finding suggests a need to develop anxiety instruments for transient state language anxiety that will complement rather than replace existing scales that are capable of measuring the temporal stability of language anxiety. This finding also provides implications for language research and practice with regard to anxiety, and for research on other individual-difference variables and their measurement.
Factors Associated with Post-Natal Care Utilization among the Women of Reproductive age Group: Evidence from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017–18
Authors: Sheba Israt Tahira , Sarker Abdur Razzaque , Tasnim Afrida
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Postnatal period is a crucial stage of illness for mothers and their newborn children. Lack of post-natal care (PNC) services during this period is lifethreatening for both the mother and the babies. This study aims at examining the associated factors of PNC utilization among the mothers to explore the opportunities to accelerate it.

Methods

This study utilized the latest data from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2017–18, a nationally representative survey. A weighted sample of 5043 Bangladeshi women who gave birth three years prior to the survey was studied. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the underlying factors associated with the utilization of PNC.

Results

Around 63% women sought PNC from any kind of provider within 24 h to 42 days of the delivery among whom more than 48% received it from medically trained providers. Together with several sociodemographic factors- administrative division, place of residence, educational level, employment status, wealth status, some maternal factors such as- antenatal care (ANC) visits, place and mode of delivery- played a significant role in utilizing PNC services from trained providers.

Conclusion

To further improve utilization of post-natal care, national and local level action plans should be introduced to promote health facility delivery irrespective of their place of residence. In the meantime, PNC awareness campaigns, intervention and economic empowerment programs targeting mothers from the poorest quintile needs to be implemented, particularly those who are unable to attend at least four ANC visits, and have accessibility issues to education.
(Re)Negotiating Caste Identities: Understanding the Response of the Balmiki Community during the Colonial Period
Authors: Sabharwal Monica
Published: November 2022

The Balmiki community has been the subject of various ethnographical studies. A lot has been written about what it has endured due to its contemptible social positioning. There still remain unexplored sites of struggles and experience, especially from the perspective of Balmikis as social actors. This study is an attempt to analyse and understand their responses to systemic oppression. The focus of the article is to understand the trajectory of the Balmiki community, which while navigating through myriad discourses, is trying to negotiate and renegotiate its identity. I intend to examine its situatedness in the tumultuous sociopolitical climate in Punjab and how it has articulated itself during the colonial period (late 19th century onwards) by placing reliance on colonial records and other literature pertaining to it. This article sheds light on the propensity of the community to reject the dominant values and reaffirm a distinct identity.
A ‘central paradox’: Judicial decision-making in cases of sexual offending by young people
Authors: Parker Megan , Richards Kelly
Published: November 2022

Very little has previously been documented about judicial decision-making in relation to young people who commit sexual offences. This article begins to address this gap by examining judicial decision-making in cases of young people with sexual offence convictions in one Australian jurisdiction. Employing a qualitative content analysis of sentencing remarks and judgments, it investigates how judicial decision-makers construct this cohort of young people given the ‘central paradox’ that young offenders are typically regarded as reformable while sexual offenders are not. Results of the study make an original contribution toward understanding judicial constructions of both sex offenders and youth offenders, and in particular toward the very under-researched area of judicial constructions of youthful sexual offenders specifically. In doing so, the study offers a much-needed evidence base that can contribute to a better understanding of judicial reasoning.
From islands to territorial empire: The French colonial administration at Gorée and the environmental causes of continental expansion after the Seven Years War
Authors: Røge Pernille
Published: November 2022

This article explores the relationship between islands and the continental shore through the lens of the French colonial administration at Gorée after the Seven Years War. In this period, the French Ministry of the Marine deliberately sought to check French territorial expansion across the globe in order to favor France’s lucrative plantation complex in the Caribbean. As part of this official policy, Gorée was deemed critical for the protection of the French slave trade, but not seen as a point of departure for colonial empire on the African continent. Unreliable provisioning from the metropole, labor shortages, and environmental conditions at Gorée, however, pushed local French administrators to rely on the African mainland for resources, nourishing expansionist ambitions in the process. Focusing on the environmental, geo-political, and commercial dimensions of island-continental interaction at Gorée and the Senegambia’s coast, this article brings into view unaddressed tensions among official French imperial policy, colonial provisioning, and territorial expansion.
FADD as a key molecular player in cancer progression
Authors: Liu Ying , Li Xiaoge , Zhou Xuehao , Wang Jianxun , Ao Xiang
Published: November 2022

Cancer is a leading disease-related cause of death worldwide. Despite advances in therapeutic interventions, cancer remains a major global public health problem. Cancer pathogenesis is extremely intricate and largely unknown. Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) was initially identified as an adaptor protein for death receptor-mediated extrinsic apoptosis. Recent evidence suggests that FADD plays a vital role in non-apoptotic cellular processes, such as proliferation, autophagy, and necroptosis. FADD expression and activity of are modulated by a complicated network of processes, such as DNA methylation, non-coding RNA, and post-translational modification. FADD dysregulation has been shown to be closely associated with the pathogenesis of numerous types of cancer. However, the detailed mechanisms of FADD dysregulation involved in cancer progression are still not fully understood. This review mainly summarizes recent findings on the structure, functions, and regulatory mechanisms of FADD and focuses on its role in cancer progression. The clinical implications of FADD as a biomarker and therapeutic target for cancer patients are also discussed. The information reviewed herein may expand researchers’ understanding of FADD and contribute to the development of FADD-based therapeutic strategies for cancer patients.