bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Halogenated hydrocarbons (dichloromethane, 1,2‐dichloroethylene, 2‐bromo‐2‐chloro‐1,1,1‐trifluoroethane (halothane), trichloromethane, 1,1,1‐trichloroethane, tetrachloromethane), trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene) [Biomonitoring Methods, 1991]
Authors: Angerer J.
Published: January 2012

Published in the series
Analyses of Hazardous Substances in Biological Materials
, Vol. 3 (1991)

The article contains sections titled:

General principles

Equipment, chemicals and solutions

Equipment

Chemicals

Solutions

Preparation of the crimp top vials

Calibration standards

Specimen collection and sample preparation

Operational parameters for gas chromatography

Analytical determination

Calibration

Calculation of the analytical result

Reliability of the method

Precision

Accuracy

Detection limit

Sources of error

Discussion of the method
Formamid [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 1976]
Authors: Eben A.
Published: January 2012

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material
, 1. Lieferung, Ausgabe 1976

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

1. Zusammenfassung

2. Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

2.1. Geräte

2.2. Chemikalien

2.3. Vergleichsstandard

3. Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung

4. Gaschromatographische Arbeitsbedingungen

5. Analytische Bestimmung

6. Berechnung des Analysenergebnisses

7. Beurteilung des Verfahrens

7.1. Präzision

7.2. Richtigkeit

7.3. Nachweisgrenze

7.4. Störeinflüsse

8. Diskussion
Kohlenstoffdisulfid (Schwefelkohlenstoff) [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 1983]
Authors: Eben A.
Published: January 2012

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material
, 7. Lieferung, Ausgabe 1983

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Kohlenstoffdisulfid
1,1‐Dichlorethan [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 1982]
Authors: Zorn H. , Stiefel Th.
Published: January 2012

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material
, 6. Lieferung, Ausgabe 1982

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens
Trifluoressigsäure (Trifluorethansäure) [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 1982]
Authors: Dallmeier E.
Published: January 2012

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material
, 6. Lieferung, Ausgabe 1982

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Lösungen

Vergleichsstandards

Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung

Gaschromatographische Arbeitsbedingungen

Analytische Bestimmung

Kalibrierung

Berechnung des Analysenergebnisses

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision

Richtigkeit

Nachweisgrenze

Störeinflüsse

Diskussion der Methode
Fluorid [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 1980]
Authors: Zober A. , Carls H.
Published: January 2012

Veröffentlicht in der ReiheAnalytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material, 4. Lieferung, Ausgabe 1980

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

1. Zusammenfassung

2. Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

2.1. Geräte

2.2. Chemikalien

2.3. Lösungen

2.4. Vergleichsstandards

3. Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung

4. Analytische Bestimmung

5. Berechnung des Analysenergebnisses

6. Beurteilung des Verfahrens

6.1. Präzision

6.2. Richtigkeit

6.3. Nachweisgrenze

6.4. Störeinflüsse

7. Diskussion der Methode

8. Fluor
Selenium [Biomonitoring Methods, 1988]
Authors: Alt F. , Messerschmidt J. , Schaller K. H.
Published: January 2012

Published in the seriesAnalyses of Hazardous Substances in Biological Materials, Vol. 2 (1988)

The article contains sections titled:

General principles

Equipment, chemicals and solutions

Equipment

Chemicals

Solutions

Calibration standards

Specimen collection and sample preparation

Manual digestion

Digestion in automatic wet mineralization apparatus

Operational parameters for atomic absorption spectrometry

Analytical determination

Manual digestion

Digestion in automatic wet mineralization apparatus

Calibration

Calculation of the analytical result

Standardization and quality control

Reliability of the method

Precision (manual procedure)

Accuracy (manual procedure)

Detection limit

Sources of error

Discussion of the method
1,1,2‐Trichlorethan [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 1983]
Authors: Eben A.
Published: January 2012

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material
, 7. Lieferung, Ausgabe 1983

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

1,1,2‐Trichlorethan
Trichlorethen (Trichlorethylen) [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 1982]
Authors: Schaller K. H. , Triebig G.
Published: January 2012

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material
, 6. Lieferung, Ausgabe 1982

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Trichlorethen (Trichlorethylen)
N‐Methylacetamid [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 1978]
Authors: Eben A.
Published: January 2012

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material
, 3. Lieferung, Ausgabe 1978

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

1. Zusammenfassung

2. Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Vergleichsstandard

Standardlösungen für die Blutanalyse:

Standardlösungen für die Harnanalyse:

3. Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung

Blut

Harn

4. Gaschromatographische Arbeitsbedingungen

5. Analytische Bestimmung

6. Berechnung des Analysenergebnisses

7. Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision

Richtigkeit

Nachweisgrenze

Störeinflüsse

8. Diskussion der Methode

9. N‐Methylacetamid
Bisphenol A [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 2008]
Authors: Leng G. , Gries W.
Published: January 2012

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material
, 18. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2008

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Lösungen

Vergleichsstandards

Konditionierung der RP 18‐Kartuschen

Probenahme und Probenvorbereitung

Probenaufbereitung

Instrumentelle Arbeitsbedingungen

Gaschromatographische Arbeitsbedingungen

Massenspektrometrische Arbeitsbedingungen

Analytische Bestimmung

Kalibrierung

Berechnung des Analysenergebnisses

Standardisierung der Messergebnisse und Qualitätssicherung

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision

Richtigkeit

Nachweisgrenzen

Störeinflüsse

Diskussion der Methode
Nitroaromaten (Nitrobenzol, p‐Nitrotoluol, p‐Nitrochlorbenzol, 2,6‐Dinitrotoluol, o‐Ninitrobenzol, 1‐Nitronaphthalin, 2‐Nironaphthalin, 4‐Nitrobiphenyl [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 1991]
Authors: Lewalter J. , Ellrich D.
Published: January 2012

Veröffentlicht in der ReiheAnalytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material, 10. Lieferung, Ausgabe 1991

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Vergleichsstandards

Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung

Gaschromatographische Arbeitsbedingungen

Analytische Bestimmung

Kalibrierung

Berechnung des Analysenergebnisses

Standardisierung der Meßergebnisse und Qualitätssicherung

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision

Richtigkeit

Nachweisgrenze

Störeinflüsse

Diskussion der Methode
5‐Hydroxy‐N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidon (5‐HNMP) und 2‐Hydroxy‐N‐methyl‐succinimid (2‐HMSI) [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 2008]
Authors: Bader M. , Rosertberger W. , Will W.
Published: January 2012

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material
, 18. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2008

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Lösungen

Vergleichsstandards

Konditionierung der Festphasenextraktionssäulen

Probenahme und Probenvorbereitung

Probenaufbereitung

Instrumentelle Arbeitsbedingungen

Gaschromatographische und massenspektrometrische Arbeitsbedingungen

Analytische Bestlmmung

Kalibrierung

Berechnung der Analysenergebnisse

Standardisierung der Messergebnisse und Qualitätssicherung

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision

Richtigkeit

Nachweisgrenzen

Störeinflüsse

Diskussion der Methode
5‐Hydroxy‐N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (5‐HNMP) and 2‐hydroxy‐N‐methylsuccinimide (2‐HMSI) [Biomonitoring Methods, 2007]
Authors: Bader M. , Rosenberger W. , Will W.
Published: January 2012

Published in the series
Biomonitoring Methods
, Vol. 11 (2007)

The article contains sections titled:

General principles

Equipment, chemicals and solutions

Equipment

Chemicals

Solutions

Calibration standards

Conditioning of the solid phase extraction columns

Specimen collection and sample preparation

Sample preparation

Operational parameters

Operational parameters for gas chromatography and mass spectrometry

Analytical determination

Calibration

Calculation of the analytical result

Standardisation and quality control

Evaluation of the method

Precision

Accuracy

Detection limits

Sources of error

Discussion of the method
Pentachlorphenol [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 1999]
Authors: Hoppe H.‐W.
Published: January 2012

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material
, 13. Lieferung, Ausgabe 1999

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Lösungen

Vergleichsstandards

Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung

Instrumentelle Arbeitsbedingungen

Analytische Bestimmung

Kalibrierung

Berechnung des Analysenergebnisses

Standardisierung der Meßergebnisse und Qualitätssicherung

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision

Richtigkeit

Nachweisgrenze

Störeinflüsse

Diskussion der Methode
Pentachlorphenol [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 2000]
Authors: Heinrich‐Ramm R.
Published: January 2012

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material
, 14. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2000

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Lösungen

Vergleichsstandards

Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung

Gaschromatographische Arbeitsbedingungen

Analytische Bestimmung

Kalibrierung

Berechnung des Analysenergebnisses

Standardisierung der Messergebnisse und Qualitätssicherung

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision

Richtigkeit

Nachweisgrenze

Störeinflüsse

Diskussion der Methode
Pentachlorophenol [Biomonitoring Methods, 1999]
Authors: Hoppe H.‐W.
Published: January 2012

Published in the series
Analyses of Hazardous Substances in Biological Materials
, Vol. 6 (1999)

The article contains sections titled:

General principles

Equipment, chemicals and solutions

Equipment

Chemicals

Solutions

Calibration standards

Specimen collection and sample preparation

Operational parameters for gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Analytical determination

Calibration

Calculation of the analytical result

Standardization and quality control

Reliability of the method

Precision

Accuracy

Detection limit

Sources of error

Discussion of the method
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE: Acetylcholin‐Acetylhydrolase EC 3.1.1.7) und Cholin‐esterase (ChE; Acylcholin‐Acylhydrolase EC 3.1.1.8) [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 1991]
Authors: Lewalter J. , Domik C.
Published: January 2012

Veröffentlicht in der ReiheAnalytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material, 10. Lieferung, Ausgabe 1991

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Lösungen

Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung

Probenahme

Probenaufbereitung

Instrumentelle Arbeitsbedingungen

Analytische Bestimmungen

Enzymbestimmung

Hämatokritbestimmung

Berechnung des Analysenergebnisses

Standardisierung der Meßergebnisse und Qualitätssicherung

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision

Richtigkeit

Nachweisgrenze

Störeinflüsse

Berechnung des Analysenergebnisses

Standardisierung der Meßergebnisse und Qualitätssicherung

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision

Anhang:
Naphthalin‐Metabolite 1‐Naphthol und 2‐Naphthol [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 2010j]
Authors: Hardt J.
Published: January 2012

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material
, 19. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2010

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Lösungen

Vergleichsstandards

Probenahme und Probenvorbereitung

Probenaufbereitung

Instrumentelle Arbeitsbedingungen

Gaschromatographische Arbeitsbedingungen

Massenspektrometrische Arbeitsbedingungen

Analytische Bestimmung

Kalibrierung

Berechnung der Analysenergebnisse

Standardisierung der Messergebnisse und Qualitätssicherung

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision

Richtigkeit

Nachweisgrenzen

Störeinflüsse

Diskussion der Methode
Naphthalene metabolites 1‐naphthol and 2‐naphthol [Biomonitoring Methods, 2010a]
Authors: Hardt J.
Published: January 2012

Published in the series
Biomonitoring Methods
, Vol. 12 (2010)

The article contains sections titled:

General principles

Equipment, chemicals and solutions

Equipment

Chemicals

Solutions

Calibration standards

Specimen collection and sample preparation

Sample preparation

Operational parameters

Operational parameters for gas chromatography

Operational parameters for mass spectrometry

Analytical determination

Calibration

Calculation of the analytical results

Standardisation and quality control

Evaluation of the method

Precision

Accuracy

Detection limits

Sources of error

Discussion of the method
Naphthalene metabolites 1‐naphthol and 2‐naphthol [Biomonitoring Methods, 2010b]
Authors: Preuss R. , Angerer J.
Published: January 2012

Published in the seriesBiomonitoring Methods, Vol. 12 (2010)

The article contains sections titled:

General principles

Equipment, chemicals and solutions

Equipment

Chemicals

Solutions

Calibration standards

Specimen collection and sample preparation

Sample preparation

Operational parameters

Operational parameters for high performance liquid chromatography

Fluorescence detection

Analytical determination

Calibration

Calculation of the analytical results

Standardisation and quality control

Evaluation of the method

Precision

Accuracy

Detection limit and quantification limit

Sources of error

Discussion of the method
CO‐Hb Einwellenlängenmethode [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 1983]
Authors: Pilz und I. Johann W.
Published: January 2012

Veröffentlicht in der ReiheAnalytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material, 7. Lieferung, Ausgabe 1983

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Lösungen

Vergleichsstandards

Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung

Analytische Bestimmung

Kalibrierung

Berechnung des Analysenergebnisses

Standardisierung der Meßergebnisse und Qualitätssicherung

Automation

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision

Richtigkeit

Nachweisgrenze

Diskussion der Methode

Herstellung von Hämolysaten

Oxyhämoglobin

CO‐Hämoglobin

Herstellung von Kohlenmonoxid im Laboratoriumsmaßstab
Carboxyhemoglobin [Biomonitoring Methods, 1985]
Authors: Angerer J.
Published: January 2012

Published in the seriesAnalyses of Hazardous Substances in Biological Materials, Vol. 1 (1985)

The article contains sections titled:

General principles

Equipment, chemicals and solutions

Equipment

Chemicals

Solutions

Calibration standards

Specimen collection and sample treatment

Operational parameters for gas chromatography

Analytical determination

Hemoglobin determination

Calibration

Calculation of the analytical result

Standardization and quality control

Reliability of the method

Precision

Accuracy

Detection limit

Sources of error

Discussion of the method
β2‐Mikroglobulin [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 1991]
Authors: Schaller K. H. , Lewalter J.
Published: January 2012

Veröffentlicht in der ReiheAnalytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material, 10. Lieferung, Ausgabe 1991
Chlorophenoxycarboxylic acids (4‐Chloro‐2‐methylphenoxy‐ acetic acid; 2,4‐Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; 4‐Chloro‐2‐methylphenoxy‐propionic acid; 2,4‐Dichlorophenoxypropionic acid) [Biomonitoring Methods, 1996]
Authors: Krämer W. , Merz W. , Ziemer W.
Published: January 2012

Published in the series
Analyses of Hazardous Substances in Biological Materials
, Vol. 5 (1996)

The article contains sections titled:

General principles

Equipment, chemicals and solutions

Equipment

Chemicals

Solutions

Calibration standards

Preparation of the C 18 cartridge

Specimen collection and sample preparation

Operational parameters for gas chromatography

Analytical determination

Calibration

Calculation of the analytical result

Standardization and quality control

Reliability of the method

Precision

Accuracy

Detection limit

Sources of error

Discussion of the method
Chlorobenzenes (1,2‐ and 1,4‐Dichlorobenzene, 1,2,4‐Trichlorobenzene) [Biomonitoring Methods, 1985]
Authors: Eben A.
Published: January 2012

Published in the series
Analyses of Hazardous Substances in Biological Materials
, Vol. 1 (1985)

The article contains sections titled:

General principles

Equipment, chemicals and solutions

Equipment

Chemicals

Calibration standards

Specimen collection and sample treatment

Operational parameters for gas chromatography

Packed column

Capillary column

Analytical determination

Calibration

Calculation of the analytical result

Reliability of the method

Precision

Accuracy

Detection limit

Sources of error

Discussion of the method
Chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons (o‐, m‐, p‐dichlorobenzene; 1,2,4‐ trichlorobenzene; 1,2,4,5‐tetra‐ chlorobenzene; pentachlorobenzene; hexachlorobenzene) [Biomonitoring Methods, 1991]
Authors: Lewalter J. , Ellrich D.
Published: January 2012

Published in the series
Analyses of Hazardous Substances in Biological Materials
, Vol. 3 (1991)

The article contains sections titled:

General principles

Equipment, chemicals and solutions

Equipment

Chemicals

Calibration standards

Specimen collection and sample preparation

Operational parameters for gas chromatography

Analytical determination

Calibration

Calculation of the analytical result

Standardization and quality control

Reliability of the method

Precision

Accuracy

Detection limit

Sources of error

Discussion of the method
Isopropylbenzol (Cumol) [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 1983]
Authors: Goenechea S.
Published: January 2012

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material
, 7. Lieferung, Ausgabe 1983

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens
Nitroaromatic compounds (nitrobenzene, p‐nitrotoluene, p‐nitrochlorobenzene, 2,6‐dinitrotoluene, o‐dinitrobenzene, 1‐nitronaphthalene, 2‐nitronaphthalene, 4‐nitrobyphenyl) [Biomonitoring Methods, 1991]
Authors: Lewalter J. , Ellrich D.
Published: January 2012

Published in the seriesAnalyses of Hazardous Substances in Biological Materials, Vol. 3 (1991)

The article contains sections titled:

General principles

Equipment, chemicals and solutions

Equipment

Chemicals

Calibration standards

Specimen collection and sample preparation

Operational parameters for gas chromatography

Analytical determination

Calibration

Calculation of the analytical result

Standardization and quality control

Reliability of the method

Precision

Accuracy

Detection limit

Sources of error

Discussion of the method
Aromatic Amines (1‐Naphthylamine; 2‐Naphthylamine; 4,4′‐Methylene‐bis(2‐chloroaniline); 3,3′‐Dichlorobenzidine) [Biomonitoring Methods, 1985]
Authors: Angerer J. , Lewalter J. , Neumann H.‐G. , Schaller K. H.
Published: January 2012

Published in the series
Analyses of Hazardous Substances in Biological Materials
, Vol. 1 (1985)

The article contains sections titled:

General principles

Equipment, chemicals and solutions

Equipment

Chemicals

Solutions

Calibration standards

Specimen collection and sample treatment

Operational parameters for high‐pressure liquid chromatography

Analytical determination

Calibration

Calculation of the analytical result

Reliability of the method

Precision

Accuracy

Detection limit

Sources of error

Discussion of the method
Acetylcholinesterase [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 1982]
Authors: Pilz W.
Published: January 2012

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material
, 6. Lieferung, Ausgabe 1982

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Lösungen

Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung

Analytische Bestimmung

Berechnung des Analysenergebnisses

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Störeinflüsse

Diskussion der Methode
Gaschromatographische Methoden zur Bestimmung organischer Substanzen in biologischem Material [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 1991]
Authors: Angerer J. , König W. A. , Machata G. , Muffler H. , Schaller K. H. , Schulte E.
Published: January 2012

Veröffentlicht in der ReiheAnalytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material, 10. Lieferung, Ausgabe 1991

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Gaschromatographische Methoden zur Bestimmung organischer Substanzen in biologischem Material

Einleitung

Probengewinnung und ‐aufbereitung

Probenaufgabe und Einlaßsysteme

Säulen

Detektoren

Auswertung

Qualitätssicherung
Haemoglobin adducts of aromatic amines: aniline, o‐, m‐ and p‐toluidine, o‐anisidine, p‐chloroaniline, α‐and β‐naphthylamine, 4‐aminodiphenyl, benzidine, 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,3′‐dichlorobenzidine [Biomonitoring Methods, 2000]
Authors: Lewalter J. , Gries Examiners: J. Angerer W. , Sabbioni G.
Published: January 2012

Published in the series
Analyses of Hazardous Substances in Biological Materials
, Vol. 7 (2000)

The article contains sections titled:

General principles

Equipment, chemicals and solutions

Equipment

Chemicals

Solutions and conditioning of the extraction material

Calibration standards

Specimen collection, storage, sample preparation and sample processing

Specimen collection

Storage

Sample preparation

Sample processing

Operational parameters

Operational parameters for gas chromatography

MS operational conditions

Analytical determination

Calibration

Calculation of the analytical result

Standardisation and quality control

Reliability of the method

Precision

Accuracy

Detection limits

Sources of error

Discussion of the method
δ‐Aminolävulinsäure [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 1978a]
Authors: Angerer J.
Published: January 2012

Veröffentlicht in der ReiheAnalytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material, 2. Lieferung, Ausgabe 1978

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Lösungen

Vergleichsstandard

Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung

Eichung

Analytische Bestimmung

Berechnung der Analysenergebnisse

Qualitätssicherung

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision

Richtigkeit

Nachweisgrenze

Störeinflüsse

Diskussion

δ‐Aminolävulinsäure (ALA)
Koproporphyrin [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 1978b]
Authors: Schaller K.H.
Published: January 2012

Veröffentlicht in der Reihe
Analytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material
, 2. Lieferung, Ausgabe 1978

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Lösungen

Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung

Eichung

Analytische Bestimmung

Berechnung des Analysenergebnisses

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision

Richtigkeit

Nachweisgrenze

Störeinflüsse

Diskussion

Koproporphyrin
Erythrozytenporphyrine (freie) [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 1988]
Authors: Lewalter J. , Schaller K. H. , Domik C.
Published: January 2012

Veröffentlicht in der ReiheAnalytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material, 9. Lieferung, Ausgabe 1988

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlage des Verfahrens

Geräte, Chemikalien und Lösungen

Geräte

Chemikalien

Lösungen

Vergleichsstandards

Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung

Probenahme

Isolierung der Erythrozyten

Probenaufbereitung

Analytische Bestimmung

Bestimmung des Hämatokrits

Kalibrierung

Berechnung des Analysenergebnisses

Beurteilung des Verfahrens

Präzision

Richtigkeit

Nachweisgrenze

Störeinflüsse

Diskussion der Methode
Hochleistungflüssigchromatographische Verfahren zur Bestimmung organischer Substanzen in biologischem Material [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 2000]
Authors: Boos K.‐S. , Blaszkewicz M. , Gündel J. , Heinrich‐Ramm R. , Lintelmann J. , Müller G. , Schaller K.‐H. , Will W.
Published: January 2012

Veröffentlicht in der ReiheAnalytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material, 14. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2000

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Hochleistungsflüssigchromatographische Verfahren zur Bestimmung organischer Substanzen in biologischem Material

Einleitung

Präanalytische Phase

Probenaufbereitung

Grundoperationen

Der flüssigchromatographische Prozess

Komponenten eines HPLC‐Systems

Messwerterfassung und Quantifizierung

Qualitätssicherung
Die Verwendung der Flüssigkeitschromatographie / Massenspektrometrie (LC/MS) im biologischen Monitoring [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 2008]
Authors: Müller M. , Völkel W.
Published: January 2012

Veröffentlicht in der ReiheAnalytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material, 18. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2008

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Die Verwendung der Flüssigkeitschromatographie /Massenspektrometrie (LC/MS) im biologischen Monitoring

Einleitung

Aufbau der Flüssigkeitschromatographie/ Massenspektrometrie‐Kopplung

Aspekte der Methodenentwicklung und ‐optimierung

Ausblick
Suszeptibilitätsmarker [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 2004]
Authors: Thier R. , Pesch B. , Krause G. , Schulz T.
Published: January 2012

Veröffentlicht in der ReiheAnalytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material, 16. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2004

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Suszeptibilitätsmarker
Grundlagen der Polymerasekettenreaktion (PCR) [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 2004]
Authors: Krause G. , Scherer G. , Müller M. , Weiß T.
Published: January 2012

Veröffentlicht in der ReiheAnalytische Methoden zur Prüfung gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe: Analysen in biologischem Material, 16. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2004

Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel:

Grundlagen der Polymerasekettenreaktion (PCR)

Das Prinzip der PCR

Entwicklung der PCR‐Technik

Einsatzmöglichkeiten der Polymerasekettenreaktion

Ablauf eines typischen PCR‐Experiments zur Genotypisierung

PCR‐Methodik

Auswertung von PCR‐Experimenten

Fehlermöglichkeiten und notwendige Kontrollen (Yap et al.)

Methodische Grundlagen der LightCycler‐gestützten Realtime‐PCR

Qualitätssicherung
Reliability criteria for analytical methods [Biomonitoring Methods, 2010]
Authors: Bader M. , Barr D. , Göen T. , Schaller K.H. , Scherer G. , Angerer J.
Published: January 2012

Published in the series
Biomonitoring Methods
, Vol. 12 (2010)

The article contains sections titled:

Introduction

Pre‐analytical phase

Prevention of external contamination during sample collection

Sampling time

Sampling material

Storage and transport of samples

Sample documentation

Stability of the chemicals, solutions and calibration standards used

Selectivity

Detection, identification and quantification limits

Visual estimation

Determination of the signal/background noise ratio

Blank value procedure according to DIN 32 645

Calibration curve procedure according to DIN 32 645

Standard deviation procedure

Example

Calibration

Selection of the calibration points

One‐point calibration

Matrix effects

Use of internal standards

Linearity of the calibration function

Example

Precision

Example

Accuracy

Reference material (CRM)

Reference methods

Inter‐laboratory comparability investigations

Spiking procedures

Arithmetical determination of accuracy

Factors influencing accuracy

Comparability of methods

Examples

Measurement uncertainty

Combined and extended measurement uncertainty

Estimation of the measurement uncertainty

Examples

Quality assurance

Internal quality assurance

External quality assurance

Glossary
Risk factors for Raynaud's phenomenon in the workforce
Authors: Roquelaure Yves , Ha Catherine , Le Manac'h Audrey Petit , Bodin Julie , Bodere Anaïs , Bosseau Christian , Descatha Alexis , Leclerc Annette , Goldberg Marcel , Imbernon Ellen
Published: January 2012

Objective

To assess the prevalence of and risk factors for Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) in a French working population characterized by various levels of exposure to work‐related constraints.

Methods

The study population comprised 3,710 workers (2,161 men and 1,549 women) who were followed up by 83 occupational physicians and were representative of the region's workforce. RP, as diagnosed by a questionnaire and a standardized interview, was defined as the occurrence of at least occasional attacks of finger blanching triggered by exposure to environmental cold during the previous 12 months. Personal factors and work exposure were assessed by self‐administered questionnaires. The associations between RP and personal and occupational factors were analyzed using logistic regression modeling.

Results

A total of 87 cases of RP (56 women and 31 men) were diagnosed. The population‐based annual prevalence rates of RP were 3.6% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 2.7–4.5%) for women and 1.4% (95% CI 0.9–1.9%) for men. Women had a higher risk of RP (odds ratio [OR] 2.1 [95% CI 1.3–3.4]) and the risk decreased continuously with body mass index (OR for 1‐kg/m2 increment 0.87 [95% CI 0.81–0.94]). The risk of RP increased consistently but moderately with age after 35 years (ORs ranging from 2.0 [95% CI 1.1–3.8] to 2.9 [95% CI 1.6–5.2]). Among the work‐related factors studied, RP was associated with an exposure to a cold environment or objects (OR 2.2 [95% CI 1.0–4.6]), a high repetitiveness of a task (OR 1.7 [95% CI 1.0–2.7]), a high psychological demand at work (OR 1.7 [95% CI 1.0–2.7]), and low support from supervisors (OR 2.4 [95% CI 1.5–3.8]).

Conclusion

Personal and work‐related factors were associated with RP, with a clear difference between the sexes. Work‐related psychosocial stressors played a significant role independently of biomechanical and environmental exposure.
Novel CLDN14 mutations in Pakistani families with autosomal recessive non‐syndromic hearing loss
Authors: Lee Kwanghyuk , Ansar Muhammad , Andrade Paula B. , Khan Bushra , Santos‐Cortez Regie Lyn P. , Ahmad Wasim , Leal Suzanne M.
Published: January 2012

Mutations in the CLDN14 gene are known to cause autosomal recessive (AR) non‐sydromic hearing loss (NSHL) at the DFNB29 locus on chromosome 21q22.13. As part of an ongoing study to localize and identify NSHL genes, the ARNSHL segregating in four Pakistani consanguineous families were mapped to the 21q22.13 region with either established or suggestive linkage. Given the known involvement of CLDN14 gene in NSHL, DNA samples from hearing‐impaired members from the four families were sequenced to potentially identify causal variants within this gene. Three novel CLDN14 mutations, c.167G>A (p.Trp56*), c.242G>A (p.Arg81His), and c.694G>A (p.Gly232Arg), segregate with hearing loss (HL) in three of the families. The previously reported CLDN14 mutation c.254T>A (p.Val85Asp) was observed in the fourth family. None of the mutations were detected in 400 Pakistani control chromosomes and all were deemed damaging based on bioinformatics analyses. The non‐sense mutation c.167G>A (p.Trp56*) is the first stop codon mutation in CLDN14 gene to be identified to cause NSHL. The c.242G>A (p.Arg81His) and c.694G>A (p.Gly232Arg) mutations were identified within the first extracellular loop and the carboxyl‐tail of claudin‐14, respectively, which highlights the importance of the extracellular domains and phosphorylation of cytoplasmic tail residues to claudin function within the inner ear. The HL due to novel CLDN14 mutations is prelingual, severe‐to‐profound with greater loss in the high frequencies. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Segmental maternal uniparental disomy 7q associated with DLK1/GTL2 (14q32) hypomethylation
Authors: Begemann Matthias , Spengler Sabrina , Kordaß Ulrike , Schröder Carmen , Eggermann Thomas
Published: January 2012

Aberrant methylation at different imprinted loci has been reported for several congenital imprinting disorders, that is, Silver–Russell syndrome (SRS), but the coincidental occurrence of aberrant methylation and uniparental disomy (UPD) has not yet been described. We report on a patient initially diagnosed with SRS carrying a segmental maternal UPD of chromosome 7 [upd(7q)mat]. By further screening the patient's DNA for methylation defects on other chromosomes we identified a hypomethylation of the paternally methylated DLK1/GTL2 locus in 14q32, an epigenotype typically associated with the upd(14)mat phenotype. Detailed clinical analysis confirmed the molecular finding in the patient indicating that the 14q32 epimutation was clinically preponderant. The parallel occurrence of upd(7q)mat and a DLK1/GTL2 hypomethylation in the same patient is a unique finding. Indeed, both disturbances might have occurred coincidentally, but it can also be hypothesized that the upd(7q)mat as the initial genomic mutation represents a trans‐acting mutation causing an aberrant methylation in 14q32. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II in females and response to enzyme replacement therapy
Authors: Jurecka Agnieszka , Krumina Zita , Żuber Zbigniew , Różdżyńska‐Świątkowska Agnieszka , Kłoska Anna , Czartoryska Barbara , Tylki‐Szymańska Anna
Published: January 2012

Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II, Hunter syndrome) is an X‐linked lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of iduronate‐2‐sulfatase (IDS). Two affected girls with moderate and severe forms of MPS II with normal karyotypes and increased urinary dermatan sulphate and heparin sulphate excretion and marked deficiencies of IDS activity are reported. Molecular studies showed that case 1 has a heterozygous mutation c.1568A > G (p.Y523C) associated with almost totally skewed inactivation of the normal maternal X chromosome, and case 2 has a heterozygous deletion that includes exons 1–4 of IDS (minimal deletion range c.1–103_184del). The multi‐exon deletion correlated with early onset of the disease and severe phenotype with intellectual disability, whereas the missense mutation was associated with moderate developmental delay. Although genotype–phenotype correlation in MPS II is difficult, gene deletions seem to correlate with more severe clinical manifestation of the disease. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in these two females resulted in disease stabilization in both. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anthropometric charts for infants with trisomies 21, 18, or 13 born between 22 weeks gestation and term: The VON charts
Authors: Boghossian Nansi S. , Horbar Jeffrey D. , Murray Jeffrey C. , Carpenter Joseph H. ,   for the Vermont Oxford Network
Published: January 2012

Data on birth weight for gestational age (GA) are not well described for infants with trisomy 21 (T21), trisomy 18 (T18), or trisomy 13 (T13). We report on anthropometric charts of infants with these conditions using data from the Vermont Oxford Network (VON). Data from a total of 5,147 infants with T21 aged 22–41 weeks, 1,053 infants with T18 aged 22–41 weeks, and 613 infants with T13 aged 22–40 weeks were used to create birth weight for GA charts. Head circumference for GA charts were created for infants with T21 only. Combined‐sex charts were generated for infants with T18 or T13 while sex‐specific charts were generated for infants with T21. Smoothed centiles were created using LmsChartMaker Pro 2.3. Among the three examined groups, infants with T18 were the most likely to be growth restricted while infants with T21 were the least likely to be growth restricted. The new charts for infants with T21 were also compared to the Lubchenco and Fenton charts and both show frequent misclassification of infants with T21 as small or large for GA. The new charts should prove to be useful, especially for infants with T21, to assist in medical management and guide nutrition care decisions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase superactivity and recurrent infections is caused by a p.Val142Leu mutation in PRS‐I
Authors: Moran Rocio , Kuilenburg André B.P. , Duley John , Nabuurs Sander B. , Retno‐Fitri Aditia , Christodoulou John , Roelofsen Jeroen , Yntema Helger G. , Friedman Neil R. , van Bokhoven Hans , de Brouwer Arjan P.M.
Published: January 2012

We identified a novel missense mutation, c.424G>C (p.Val142Leu) in PRPS1 in a patient with uric acid overproduction without gout but with developmental delay, hypotonia, hearing loss, and recurrent respiratory infections. The uric acid overproduction accompanying this combination of symptoms suggests that the patient presented with phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) synthetase superactivity, but recurrent infections have not been associated with superactivity until now. However, recurrent infections are a prominent feature of patients with Arts syndrome, which is caused by PRPS1 loss‐of‐function mutations, indicating that the patient reported here has an intermediate phenotype. Molecular modeling predicts that the p.Val142Leu change affects both allosteric sites that are involved in inhibition of PRPS1 and the ATP‐binding site, which suggests that this substitution can result both in a gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function of PRPP synthetase. This finding is in line with the normal PRPP synthetase activity in fibroblasts and the absence of activity in erythrocytes of the present patient. We postulate that the overall effect of the p.Val142Leu change on protein activity is determined by the cell type, being a gain‐of‐function in proliferating cells and a loss‐of‐function in postmitotic cells. Our results show that missense mutations in PRPS1 can cause a continuous spectrum of features ranging from progressive non‐syndromic postlingual hearing impairment to uric acid overproduction, neuropathy, and recurrent infections depending on the functional sites that are affected. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evidence‐based path to newborn screening for duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Mendell Jerry R. , Shilling Chris , Leslie Nancy D. , Flanigan Kevin M. , al‐Dahhak Roula , Gastier‐Foster Julie , Kneile Kelley , Dunn Diane M. , Duval Brett , Aoyagi Alexander , Hamil Cindy , Mahmoud Maha , Roush Kandice , Bird Lauren , Rankin Chelsea , Lilly Heather , Street Natalie , Chandrasekar Ram , Weiss Robert B.
Published: January 2012

Objective:

Creatine kinase (CK) levels are increased on dried blood spots in newborns related to the birthing process. As a marker for newborn screening, CK in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) results in false‐positive testing. In this report, we introduce a 2‐tier system using the dried blood spot to first assess CK with follow‐up DMD gene testing.

Methods:

A fluorometric assay based upon the enzymatic transphosphorylation of adenosine diphosphate to adenosine triphosphate was used to measure CK activity. Preliminary studies established a population‐based range of CK in newborns using 30,547 deidentified anonymous dried blood spot samples. Mutation analysis used genomic DNA extracted from the dried blood spot followed by whole genome amplification with assessment of single‐/multiexon deletions/duplications in the DMD gene using multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification.

Results:

DMD gene mutations (all exonic deletions) were found in 6 of 37,649 newborn male subjects, all of whom had CK levels >2,000U/l. In 3 newborns with CK >2,000U/l in whom DMD gene abnormalities were not found, we identified limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy gene mutations affecting DYSF, SGCB, and FKRP.

Interpretation:

A 2‐tier system of analysis for newborn screening for DMD has been established. This path for newborn screening fits our health care system, minimizes false‐positive testing, and uses predetermined levels of CK on dried blood spots to predict DMD gene mutations. ANN NEUROL 2012;
Dynamics of hemispheric dominance for language assessed by magnetoencephalographic imaging
Authors: Findlay Anne M. , Ambrose Josiah B. , Cahn‐Weiner Deborah A. , Houde John F. , Honma Susanne , Hinkley Leighton B. N. , Berger Mitchel S. , Nagarajan Srikantan S. , Kirsch Heidi E.
Published: January 2012

Objective:

The goal of the current study was to examine the dynamics of language lateralization using magnetoencephalographic (MEG) imaging, to determine the sensitivity and specificity of MEG imaging, and to determine whether MEG imaging can become a viable alternative to the intracarotid amobarbital procedure (IAP), the current gold standard for preoperative language lateralization in neurosurgical candidates.

Methods:

MEG was recorded during an auditory verb generation task and imaging analysis of oscillatory activity was initially performed in 21 subjects with epilepsy, brain tumor, or arteriovenous malformation who had undergone IAP and MEG. Time windows and brain regions of interest that best discriminated between IAP‐determined left or right dominance for language were identified. Parameters derived in the retrospective analysis were applied to a prospective cohort of 14 patients and healthy controls.

Results:

Power decreases in the beta frequency band were consistently observed following auditory stimulation in inferior frontal, superior temporal, and parietal cortices; similar power decreases were also seen in inferior frontal cortex prior to and during overt verb generation. Language lateralization was clearly observed to be a dynamic process that is bilateral for several hundred milliseconds during periods of auditory perception and overt speech production. Correlation with the IAP was seen in 13 of 14 (93%) prospective patients, with the test demonstrating a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 92%.

Interpretation:

Our results demonstrate excellent correlation between MEG imaging findings and the IAP for language lateralization, and provide new insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics of cortical speech processing. ANN NEUROL 2012;
Fabrication of Au and Ag Bi‐metallic nanocomposite for antimicrobial applications
Authors: Ranga Reddy P. , Varaprasad K. , Narayana Reddy N. , Mohana Raju K. , Reddy N. Subbarami
Published: January 2012

Hydrogel silver nanocomposites have shown immense potential in many biomedical applications, specifically wound healing. The combination of bi‐metallic (Ag, Au) hydrogel nanocomposites are developed to enhance their antimicrobial activity. This paper presents the fabrication of bi‐metallic nanocomposites obtained from the synthesis of acrylamide (AM) and 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) based hydrogels for antimicrobial applications. The nanocomposite formation was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal analysis (TGA/DSC), as well as X‐ray diffraction (XRD) methods. The bi‐metallic nanocomposite hydrogel has shown significant antibacterial activity on bacillus. Therefore, these bi‐metallic antibacterial materials are promising candidates for a wide range of biomedical applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Synergistic interaction of konjac glucomannan and gellan gum investigated by rheology and texture analysis
Authors: Mei T. , Xu X. , Li B. , Li J. , Cui B. , Zhou B. , Ablaye W.
Published: January 2012

The rheological kinetics of konjac glucomannan and gellan gum mixed sols were studied using rotational concentric cylinder viscometer. The effects of polymers weight ratio, shear rate, and temperature were systematically investigated. The curves showed a Newtonian plateau followed by strong shear thinning that can be described by a power law dependence on the shear rate. The dynamic viscoelastic character was evaluated by measurements of small‐deformation oscillatory. After adding some cations, the mixed sols turned into mixed gels. The contribution of Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Zn2+ at different concentration was also evaluated by texture analysis. The results reveal a strong dependence of the structural properties of different samples on their preparation conditions. A fine turning of the properties of the mixed sols is possible through the change of the temperature preparation and/or the polymer weight ratio. The texture properties of the mixed gels were also possibly influenced significantly by the cations. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Improving wheat gluten materials properties by Kraft lignin addition
Authors: Kunanopparat Thiranan , Menut Paul , Morel Marie‐Hélène , Guilbert Stéphane
Published: January 2012

The industrial production of wheat gluten (WG)‐based biomaterials implies to improve their actual mechanical properties as well as to reduce their water sensitivity. In this study, the effect of Kraft lignin (KL) content on the processability and on the physical properties of WG materials was investigated. WG plasticized with glycerol was blended with KL, and processed into materials by mixing and thermomolding. Materials were characterized by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, tensile test, and water absorption measurements. The introduction of KL in plasticized WG resulted in an increase of the material glass transition temperature (Tg) and in a strong decrease of the rubbery storage modulus, which will favor industrial processing. The increase in Tg did not follow a simple mixing rule, demonstrating specific interaction between KL and WG. The resulting materials effectively showed improved properties when compared with pure WG‐based materials: they exhibited higher tensile strength and lower water sensitivity in ambient conditions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012