bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INTERNATIONAL LEVEL OF HOUSING CONSTRUCTION AND INTERACTION OF KYRGYZSTAN ON HOUSING DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Sasykeev U.T.
Published: October 2021

Тhe article discusses the main problems of provision of the population of the Kyrgyz Republic. It also considered the rights of every citizen of the country to adequate housing. On the problem under consideration, an analysis was carried out on the basis of international experience in the field of housing construction with certain conclusions as proposals for the prospective development of housing construction in the cities of Kyrgyzstan. The interaction of Kyrgyzstan with international organizations on housing construction issues was considered.
BACKGROUND OF COMPUTER LINGUISTICS
Authors: Sarymsakova A.J. , Nijasalieva A.T. , Aidarova L.A.
Published: October 2021

This article covers the history of development, directions of computer linguistics and the work of computer linguist.
The Concept of Competition in Optimal Resource Allocation and Methods for Its Assessment
Authors: Barkalaya O. G.
Published: October 2021

Aim. The presented study aims to define the concept of competition in optimal resource allocation and to determine indicators of competition in practical tasks directly in the mathematical formulation of the problem.

Tasks. The authors determine mathematical indicators that characterize the level of competition in resource allocation optimization tasks and show examples of the adequacy and sensitivity of the selected competition indicators in various economic situations.

Methods. The selected competition indicators for these tasks are based on the concept of “rigorous selection” of competitors applying for resources. The indicators are calculated in full accordance with the known optimization methods and optimality conditions for problems of this class, making it possible to interpret the results of optimization as a measure of competition for resources.

Results. Two types of competition indicators for linear and non-linear cases of optimal resource allocation problems are defined and formalized. Examples of the dependence of efficiency on different compositions of the competitive environment are shown. Dependencies of the “rigorous selection” of competitors in the context of resource depletion are described.

Conclusions. The competition indicators considered in the study can be included in the standard analysis for solving the problems of optimal resource allocation, which involves finding an extremum, searching for an optimal plan, analyzing stability, limits, the effect of restrictions on the target function, dual estimates, a measure of resource scarcity, etc. Adding the competition indicator to this analysis provides another factor for analysis, which can be significant under otherwise equal conditions. The competition indicator can be used both in a multi-step procedure for finding the extremum of a function (for example, as an additional criterion for choosing a free variable) and in the analysis of the results of problem-solving.
Classification of Lung Sounds and Disease Prediction using Dense CNN Network
Authors:   Student, Department of Computer Science Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore (Tamil Nadu), India., Lakhani Suyash , Jhamb Ridhi ,   Student, Department of Computer Science Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore (Tamil Nadu), India.
Published: October 2021

Respiratory illnesses are a main source of death in the world and exact lung sound identification is very significant for the conclusion and assessment of sickness. Be that as it may, this method is vulnerable to doctors and instrument limitations. As a result, the automated investigation and analysis of respiratory sounds has been a field of great research and exploration during the last decades. The classification of respiratory sounds has the potential to distinguish anomalies and diseases in the beginning phases of a respiratory dysfunction and hence improve the accuracy of decision making. In this paper, we explore the publically available respiratory sound database and deploy three different convolutional neural networks (CNN) and combine them to form a dense network to diagnose the respiratory disorders. The results demonstrate that this dense network classifies the sounds accurately and diagnoses the corresponding respiratory disorders associated with them.
RAPID DISCRIMINATION AMONG METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATES USING VARIABLE NUMBER TANDEM REPEAT ANALYSIS IN A SAMPLE OF IRAQI PATIENTS AND
Authors: Abd Zaid A. M. , Kandala N. J.
Published: October 2021

There is so little information available in Iraq about genetic variability in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), so current study aimed to use six tandem repeat loci of multilocus variable number tandem repeat (MLVA) typing to discriminate among MRSA, so to achieve the aim of this study, six loci, clfA, clfB, sdrC, spa, sspa and sav1078 were selected for multiplex PCR. The PCR product were subjected to capillary electrophoresis by using ABI-Genetic analyzer, then the data were analyzed by using GeneMapper™ Software 5. Fragment sizes were converted into repeats number. The total number of repeats are used to generate allelic profile. The allelic profile used to draw the minimum spanning tree and dendrogram , all the 85 MRSA isolates are clustered into 54 MLVA type.
SIMULTANEOUS ADSORPTION OF TETRACYCLINE AND AMOXICILLIN BY CLADOPHORA AND SPIRULINA ALGAE BIOMASS
Authors: Abd I. N. , Mohammed-Ridha M. J.
Published: October 2021

Adsorption studies were performed at different initial Tetracycline (TC) and Amoxicillin (AMO) concentration, different biomass dosage and type, contact time, agitation speed, and initial pH.  In the batch mode were investigated. The optimum pH of solutions is 6.5 for TC and 5 for AMO, agitation speed 200 rpm and concentration 50 ppm. The results in FTIR showed that there were -OH and amides (N-H) and other functional groups on the surface of Cladophora and Spirulina algae. The equilibrium isotherm data were modeled with Freundlich, Temkin, and Langmuir isotherm models. The data best fitted with the Langmuir model. The maximal adsorption capacity from the Langmuir model was (9.86, 20. 5 mg/g) for TC and (7.89, 17.4 mg/g) for AMO on Cladophora and Spirulina algae, respectively. Finally, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model was best fitted the experimental kinetic data of TC and AMO onto Cladophora and Spirulina algae biomass with a high coefficient of determination between 0.97 and 0.99.    Cladophora and Spirulina algae, low-cost and eco-friendly adsorbents, can be used to adsorb the TC and AMO from the solution.
Síndrome de burnout en docentes de educación básica y media en tiempos de crisis
Authors: Hernández Suárez Cesar Augusto , Gamboa Suárez Audin Aloiso , Prada Núñez Raúl
Published: October 2021

El presente artículo de investigación muestra el análisis de un fenómeno complejo que ha surgido en la comunidad docente relacionada con el agotamiento mental y físico debido a la pandemia causada por la Covid–19. El enfoque metodológico se enmarca en el paradigma cuantitativo – transversal. Se elaboró un cuestionario para determinar las afectaciones asociadas con el ejercicio laboral durante el periodo de aislamiento y se aplicó el Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) en profesores de educación básica y media de seis instituciones educativas en Norte de Santander. Las conclusiones del estudio demuestran que se han generado conflictos relacionados con el trabajo y la familia. Así mismo se evidenció que los docentes reconocen que no tienen las competencias digitales necesarias para desarrollar sus prácticas pedagógicas de manera adecuada.
Estudiantes migrantes en la adaptación de la educación Colombiana
Authors: Rincón Leal Olga Lucy , Contreras Manrique Rocío de Belén , Contreras Manrique Liliana
Published: October 2021

Es relevante en el proceso de adaptación escolar colombiano con los estudiantes migrantes de la zona de frontera del corregimiento de la parada, identificar los factores que influyen en la inteligencia emocional en los estudiantes migrantes. La investigación resalta los factores que influyen en la inteligencia emocional como atención o percepción, comprensión y regulación del ser humano. Por consiguiente, se aplicó el cuestionario como herramienta de estudio la escala TMMS-24, de Salovey y Mayer, con un diseño descriptivo cuantitativo, muestra 100 migrantes. Por lo tanto, la educación colombiana tiene el compromiso de orientar a los educandos.
Diferencias en los rendimientos de los procesos constructivos de placa entrepiso y muros de carga mediante el sistema de construcción industrializado.
Authors: Cárdenas Gutiérrez Javier Alfonso , Jácome Carrascal José Leonardo , Vergel Ortega Mawency
Published: October 2021

En la historia de la humanidad se evidencia el constate desarrollo y evolución en todos los aspectos necesarios que permiten garantizar nuestra supervivencia, siendo la construcción uno de ellos. A medida que el ser humano se vuelve consciente y adquiere el conocimiento necesario, obtiene la capacidad para poder salvaguardar su bienestar y el de quienes lo rodean, mediante la invención de diferentes tipos de infraestructuras utilizando inteligentemente los materiales que tiene a su disposición. Por lo tanto, gracias al avance de la tecnología que hoy en día tenemos y la creencia en la mejora continua, en la industria de la construcción existen y se utilizan diferentes métodos constructivos según las necesidades del proyecto. Para este caso de estudio se evaluará la construcción de las placas de entre piso y muros de carga en viviendas unifamiliares con el fin de determinar y analizar los rendimientos obtenidos en estos dos elementos estructurales.
INFLUENCE OF VANADIUM OXIDE ADDITIVE ON THERMAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF CERAMIC MASS
Authors:   St Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), Yashchenko Polina Yu.
Published: October 2021

A comparative study of thermal transformations of ceramic mass (CM) based on α-Al2O3 modified with vanadium oxide additives introduced into CM by wet mixing and by deposition on the surface of the CM particles using molecular layering nanotechnology was carried out. The structural and chemical transformations of the obtained compositions were characterized by differential thermal analysis under linear heating conditions at a rate of 10°С/min, in the temperature range from room temperature to 1000°C. Changes in the phase composition, specific surface area of the compositions, and the state of the modifying additive before and after heating were studied using x-ray diffraction, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, and ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy
A new instrument for the cyberaddiction diagnosis
Authors: Yuryeva Liudmyla , Shornikov Andrii
Published: October 2021

As the penetration of the Internet into people's lives has increased, there is needed to rethink the diagnostic tools used to diagnose Internet addiction. The very concept of Internet addiction also needs to be rethought, as it currently reflects not the content but the form of addiction. The aim of the work was to develop, evaluate psychometric reliability and validate a new diagnostic instrument for the cyberaddiction diagnosis. The proposed “Yuryeva — Shornikov Cyberaddiction Scale” (YSCAS) consists of 18 statements that are rated on a 5-point Likert scale. The study included 217 people (151 women) aged 19 to 69 years. At the first stage, the internal consistency of the YSCAS scale, external and content validity were assessed, at the second stage we assess stability, constructive and criterial validity. In assessing the internal consistency and homogeneity scale YSCAS Cronbach alpha was 0.84. There is proved the absence of gender influence on the indicators of the proposed scale. Spearman's correlation coefficient between YSCAS and Chen's Internet dependence scale was 0.8044 (p < 0.001), which indicates a high criterial validity. Assessing the constructive validity of the proposed scale, it was found that the YSCAS scale should be considered as a single factor scale, without sub-scales in its structure. The proposed cyberaddiction diagnosing method showed a high-quality prognostic model using ROC analysis: the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.971 (95 % CI 0.88; 1.0). The sensitivity of the scale was 100.0 % with a specificity of 90.4 %. As a result of approbation of the proposed psychodiagnostics method “Yuryeva — Shornikov Cyberaddiction Scale”, it was found that this scale is a reliable and credible approach to diagnose cyberaddiction.
Формування соснового насадження після двопри¬йомної рівномірно-поступової рубки у лісах Київського Полісся
Authors: Жуковський О. В. , Краснов В. П. , Мельник В. В.
Published: October 2021

Дослідження здійснено на дослідному об'єкті, який закладено у 2006 р. у 84-річному сосняку ДП "Тетерівський лісгосп" площею 3,1 га. Після першого прийому рівномірно-поступової рубки повнота деревостану становила 0,3-0,4. За виконаним обліком кількість сходів становила 192000 шт.·га-1, з яких 90 % сосни звичайної. У 2011 р. цю ділянку розділено на 4 варіанти (однакові за площею) та проведено другий прийом рівномірно-поступової рубки: на варіантi № 1 вирубували 100 % дерев; на варіанті № 2 – 50 % дерев (повнота – 0,2-0,3); на варіанті № 3 – 75 % дерев (повнота – 0,1); на варіанті № 4 – залишалися усі дерева (повнота – 0,3-0,4). Встановлено, що молоді насадження складаються із сосни звичайної (57-76 %), берези повислої (7-10 %), дуба звичайного (10-16 %) і осики (3-32 %). Виявлено, що найбільша частка життєздатного підросту характерна на варіантах без збереження та із збереженням 25 % дерев (71-72 %). Встановлено, що величина проективного покриття трав'яно-чагарничкового ярусу на варіантах досліду змінюється у діапазоні 60-90 %, а видовий склад є достатньо близький. Успішність природного поновлення сосни звичайної на варіантах досліду є задовільною. Кількість підросту становить 3307-5640 шт.·га-1, він рівномірно розміщений по площі (трапляння – 75-100 %) і має вік 12 років. Проведення двоприйомної рівномірно-поступової рубки у насадженнях сосни звичайної у свіжих суборах дає змогу сформувати одновікові деревостани природного походження.
The Instrument of the Imaging X-Ray Polarimetry Explorer
Authors: Soffitta Paolo , Baldini Luca , Bellazzini Ronaldo , Costa Enrico , Latronico Luca , Muleri Fabio , Del Monte Ettore , Fabiani Sergio , Minuti Massimo , Pinchera Michele , Sgro’ Carmelo , Spandre Gloria , Trois Alessio , Amici Fabrizio , Andersson Hans , Attina’ Primo , Bachetti Matteo , Barbanera Mattia , Borotto Fabio , Brez Alessandro , Brienza Daniele , Caporale Ciro , Cardelli Claudia , Carpentiero Rita , Castellano Simone , Castronuovo Marco , Cavalli Luca , Cavazzuti Elisabetta , Ceccanti Marco , Centrone Mauro , Ciprini Stefano , Citraro Saverio , D’Amico Fabio , D’Alba Elisa , Di Cosimo Sergio , Di Lalla Niccolo’ , Di Marco Alessandro , Di Persio Giuseppe , Donnarumma Immacolata , Evangelista Yuri , Ferrazzoli Riccardo , Hayato Asami , Kitaguchi Takao , La Monaca Fabio , Lefevre Carlo , Loffredo Pasqualino , Lorenzi Paolo , Lucchesi Leonardo , Magazzu Carlo , Maldera Simone , Manfreda Alberto , Mangraviti Elio , Marengo Marco , Matt Giorgio , Mereu Paolo , Morbidini Alfredo , Mosti Federico , Nakano Toshio , Nasimi Hikmat , Negri Barbara , Nenonen Seppo , Nuti Alessio , Orsini Leonardo , Perri Matteo , Pesce-Rollins Melissa , Piazzolla Raffaele , Pilia Maura , Profeti Alessandro , Puccetti Simonetta , Rankin John , Ratheesh Ajay , Rubini Alda , Santoli Francesco , Sarra Paolo , Scalise Emanuele , Sciortino Andrea , Tamagawa Toru , Tardiola Marcello , Tobia Antonino , Vimercati Marco , Xie Fei
Published: October 2021

While X-ray spectroscopy, timing, and imaging have improved much since 1962 when the first astronomical nonsolar source was discovered, especially wi the launch of the Newton/X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission, Rossi/X-ray Timing Explorer, and Chandra/Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility, the progress of X-ray polarimetry has been meager. This is in part due to the lack of sensitive polarization detectors, which in turn is a result of the fate of approved missions and because celestial X-ray sources appear less polarized than expected. Only one positive measurement has been available until now: the Orbiting Solar Observatory measured the polarization of the Crab Nebula in the 1970s. The advent of microelectronics techniques has allowed for designing a detector based on the photoelectric effect of gas in an energy range where the optics are efficient at focusing in X-rays. Here we describe the instrument, which is the major contribution of the Italian collaboration to the Small Explorer mission called IXPE, the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer, which will launch in late 2021. The instrument is composed of three detector units based on this technique and a detector service unit. Three mirror modules provided by Marshall Space Flight Center focus X-rays onto the detectors. We show the technological choices, their scientific motivation, and results from the calibration of the instrument. IXPE will perform imaging, timing, and energy-resolved polarimetry in the 2–8 keV energy band opening this window of X-ray astronomy to tens of celestial sources of almost all classes.
Grain Growth in Escaping Atmospheres: Implications for the Radius Inflation of Super-Puffs
Authors: Ohno Kazumasa , Tanaka Yuki A.
Published: October 2021

Super-puffs—low-mass exoplanets with extremely low bulk density—are attractive targets for exploring their atmospheres and formation processes. Recent studies suggested that the large radii of super-puffs may be caused by atmospheric dust entrained in the escaping atmospheres. In this study, we investigate how the dust grows in escaping atmospheres and influences the transit radii using a microphysical model of grain growth. Collision growth is efficient in many cases, hindering the upward transport of dust via enhanced gravitational settling. We find that the dust abundance in the outflow hardly exceeds the Mach number at the dust production region. Thus, dust formed in the upper atmospheres, say at P ≲ 10−5 bar, is needed to launch a dusty outflow with a high dust abundance. With sufficiently high dust production altitudes and rates, the dusty outflow can enhance the observable radius by a factor of ∼2 or even more. We suggest that photochemical haze is a promising candidate of high-altitude dust that can be entrained in the outflow. We also compute the synthetic transmission spectra of super-puff atmospheres and demonstrate that the dusty outflow produces a broad spectral slope and obscures molecular features, in agreement with featureless spectra recently reported for several super-puffs. Lastly, using an interior structure model, we suggest that the atmospheric dust could drastically enhance the observable radius only for planets in a narrow mass range of ∼2–5 M
⊕, in which the boil-off tends to cause total atmospheric loss. This may explain why super-puffs are uncommon despite the suggested universality of photochemical hazes.
Collision between Radiative and Adiabatic Supersonic Flows
Authors: Gintrand Antoine , Moreno-Gelos Quentin , Araudo Anabella , Tikhonchuk Vladimir , Weber Stefan
Published: October 2021

The self-similar dynamics of the collision between radiative and adiabatic supersonic planar flows are performed assuming homogeneous radiation cooling. New self-similar solutions relevant to both astrophysical objects and laboratory experiments are derived. Numerical simulations investigate the formation of the radiative cooling shock in the interstellar medium and laboratory Xenon plasma to demonstrate the self-similarity of the interaction in the special case of balanced ram pressure. When the radiation cooling is inhomogeneous, the flow can become thermally unstable and deviate from the self-similar solution.
Black Hole Mergers of AGN Origin in LIGO–Virgo’s O1–O3a Observing Periods
Authors: Gayathri V. , Yang Y. , Tagawa H. , Haiman Z. , Bartos I.
Published: October 2021

The origin of the black hole mergers detected by LIGO–Virgo remains an open question. While the unusual mass and spin of a few events constrain their possible astrophysical formation mechanisms, it is difficult to classify the bulk of the observed mergers. Here we consider the distribution of masses and spins in LIGO–Virgo’s first two observing catalogs. We show that, for black holes in the mass gap, our fiducial active galactic nucleus (AGN) model is preferred over a parametric mass–spin model fit to the full GWTC-2 merger sample (Bayes factor


>
10

). This preference, nevertheless, depends on uncertain AGN model parameters. We further show that a 20% fractional contribution of the detected events of an AGN-disk origin reproduces well the observed black hole mass distribution in the pair-instability mass gap, while only marginally contributing to the lower-mass detected population. The overall AGN contribution corresponds to a black hole merger rate of about 2.5 Gpc−3 yr−1, comparable to theoretical expectations.
Instituer le récit pour déjouer la réaction
Authors: Geffard Patrick
Published: October 2021

Cet article est le récit d’une expérience vécue dans un cours de Sciences de l’éducation à l’université Paris 8, quelques jours après les attentats du 13 novembre 2015 à Paris. Durant ce cours, les étudiants ont été invités à lire puis à produire une réflexion. L’étude proposée s’appuie sur une approche clinique d’orientation psychanalytique en éducation et formation (Blanchard-Laville, C., Chaussecourte, P., Hatchuel, F. et Pechberty, B., 2005). Elle se centre sur les phénomènes d’implication subjective et d’après-coup qui ont été à la fois permis et révélés par le dispositif pédagogique mis en place. L’accent est mis sur l’existence d’une alternative entre l’engagement dans une élaboration subjective et la constitution d’un positionnement simplement réactif.
À l’écoute du brouhaha dans le groupe
Authors: Gayard-Guégan Patricia
Published: October 2021

Cet article rend compte d’une partie de la thèse de l’auteure intitulée Étude clinique du « non-verbal sonore » d’un groupe d’analyse des pratiques professionnelles en formation initiale d’Assistant de Service Social (2019). L’auteure se penche sur le phénomène de brouhaha présent dans un groupe. Après avoir resitué le contexte méthodologique de la recherche doctorale, elle propose des repères théorico-cliniques quant au sonore et, en particulier, le brouhaha, puis fait part de ses éprouvés contre-transférentiels de chercheuse sous-jacents à son écoute du brouhaha dans le groupe, éprouvés présents notamment lors de la transcription des enregistrements audio de séances d’analyse des pratiques professionnelles. Elle avance une analyse du brouhaha à partir d’extraits du matériel en référence aux propositions théorico-cliniques d’Ophélia Avron, puis plus succinctement à celles de René Kaës et Christophe Bittolo. En conclusion, l’auteure suggère de s’intéresser également aux propositions théorico-cliniques de Claudio Neri et elle invite à explorer plus largement l’univers du non-verbal sonore dans le cadre de recherches en sciences de l’éducation.
La musique à l’épreuve de l’élève sourd
Authors: Patiño-Lakatos Gabriela
Published: October 2021

La question des enjeux du rapport des personnes sourdes au sonore et à la musique, ainsi que celle du lien social entre sourds et entendants, appellent des réponses inclusives en éducation. Cet article analyse ces enjeux subjectifs et intersubjectifs depuis l’approche clinique de la médiation dans l’enseignement de la musique auprès d’élèves sourds. Il décrit un dispositif de médiation sensorielle mis en place, entre 2012 et 2013, dans un cours de musique à l’Institut National de Jeunes Sourds de Paris. Le rapport d’une situation observée permet de relever les mouvements psychiques que ce type de dispositif peut relancer dans la scène pédagogique. Ainsi, l’article considère les fonctions de l’objet technologique et de l’enseignant pour penser ce qui fait tiers dans la médiation du point de vue psychique. Il permet, en ce sens, de comprendre que le sonore n’est pas exclusivement une question d’audition, mais que le corps tout entier, la relation à l’autre et le psychisme inconscient sont engagés dans le rapport au musical.
Introduction à la conférence de Nicole Mosconi de 2003
Authors: Blanchard-Laville Claudine , Bossard Louis-Marie
Published: October 2021

Les auteurs rappellent quelles étaient les caractéristiques du réseau OPEN (Observatoire des pratiques enseignantes) dont les activités ont duré douze années et dans le cadre duquel cette conférence a été prononcée en janvier 2003 à Toulouse.
La démonologie est-elle demeurée une partie de la théologie au Moyen Âge central ?
Authors: Boureau Alain
Published: October 2021

On examine ici la résolution théologienne, au Moyen Âge central, de demeurer une science qui ne soit pas la transcription des anxiétés à la fois universelles et contextuelles qui ont envahi l’Europe de la fin du Moyen Âge. La démonologie, à la fin du xiii e  siècle, est devenue un secteur autonome de la théologie, illustré par les trois traités sur les démons rédigés entre 1270 et 1300, constitués par un assemblage de questions disputées par Thomas d’Aquin, Pierre de Jean Olivi et Richard de Mediavilla. Paradoxalement, ce sont des considérations anthropologiques neuves qui ont frayé un chemin à la réflexion sur le démon (exemples de la tentation suicidaire et de l’oubli). Enfin, la démonologie se constitua en cadre rationnel pour penser la causalité (exemple du pacte sacramentel) et l’antagonisme des actions surnaturelles, tout en promouvant une théologie du risque.
Reconstruire l’hôpital public par la démocratie sanitaire
Authors: Grimaldi André , Vernant Jean-Paul
Published: October 2021

La pandémie de Covid-19 a révélé les forces et les faiblesses de notre système de santé. Ses forces : la solidarité financière assurée par la Sécurité sociale et la qualité de ses professionnels. Ses faiblesses : notre carence historique en santé publique (insuffisance de la prévention et inégalités sociales de santé), le défaut d’organisation (insuffisance du travail en équipe pluriprofessionnelle, insuffisance de la coordination ville-hôpital), le sous-financement de la recherche, l’application à la médecine d’une vision industrielle, commerciale, mondialisée, l’inflation d’une bureaucratie éloignée du terrain promouvant la gestion par les normes et par les nombres, le manque de démocratie sanitaire. L’épidémie a révélé au grand jour la crise de l’hôpital public dénoncée par les soignants depuis des mois et des années. L’hôpital est en effet victime à la fois d’une politique d’austérité, d’une gestion d’entreprise commerciale et du retard à la construction d’un service public de la médecine de proximité. La première vague a montré ce qu’était un service public où les professionnels collaborent au service des patients et où les gestionnaires sont au service des soignants et non l’inverse. La leçon sera-t-elle retenue ? Cela supposerait de changer les modalités de détermination de l’Ondam, de revoir les modes de financement des établissements et de rémunération des professionnels, et de remplacer le néomanagement par une cogestion entre administratifs et professionnels, avec la participation des usagers.
Hôpitaux publics versus cliniques privées : comparaison n’est pas raison
Authors: Domin Jean-Paul
Published: October 2021

La comparaison des coûts entre les secteurs public et privé lucratif revient assez souvent dans le débat public. Mais il faut se garder de toute généralisation dans la mesure où un certain nombre d’éléments permettent d’expliquer scientifiquement la différence des coûts. Nous montrons dans un premier temps que la littérature a assez bien identifié la formation des coûts dans les établissements de soins. Dans un second temps, nous identifions trois raisons : la différence d’activité, le recrutement de la patientèle et le coût du patrimoine immobilier.
Using a simple spectrophotometer to analyze cypress hydrolat composition
Authors: Yen Chang-Lung ,   College of Management, National Chi Nan University, Nantou County 545, Taiwan (R.O.C.), Chen Jian-Hung , Chien Hung-Yu , Cheng Jen-Son , Lee Meng-Shiu , Wang Yueh-Ying
Published: October 2021

The Pure Dew (Cypress Hydrolat), which could be extracted from the waste material after the extracting essential oil from Taiwan cypress, has a good bactericidal effect. However, due to the high cost on quality control and concentration measurement of the Pure Dew, its application was restricted. This research tries to find suitable spectral frequencies through which the absorbance detected by the spectrometer could be used as the index of the pure dew concentration. This study used Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometer (GC-MS) to analyze the composition of Taiwan cypress hydrolat. After obtaining the composition, the raw liquor of cypress hydrolat was diluted to 100, 50, 25 and 0% v/v with pure water. The test samples were then tested by a simple spectrophotometer. After the spectrographic detection of absorbance using a simple spectrophotometer, it is confirmed that the spectrum of wavelength between 205–350 nm is the most representative. The absorptance and the pure dew concentration was roughly in linear relation which suggested that a simple spectrophotometer can be used to develop a low-cost and high.
Histoire nationale, histoire universelle : propositions sur l’iconographie monumentale de la monarchie de Juillet
Authors: Leniaud Jean-Michel
Published: October 2021

Comment représenter l’histoire de France dans le contexte de la monarchie de Juillet, lorsque se construit l’État nation ? Les peintres choisis par les pouvoirs publics semblent disposer d’une grande liberté mais les courants idéologiques qui traversent la société s’imposent à eux. Cette étude met en évidence, en effet, les conflits discrets qui opposent les partisans de l’histoire nationale telle que l’exalte la génération romantique et ceux du cosmopolitisme libéral qui insistent sur le commerce et l’industrie et, au nom des Lumières et de la Philosophie, se méfient du catholicisme romain. Quelles que soient les sympathies, diverses, de la famille royale et du haut personnel de l’État, il est hors de question de choisir l’une ou l’autre tendance : le projet de Juillet vise à rassembler la totalité du corps politique au nom de l’histoire, conçue comme le laboratoire du politique. La conciliation des tendances diverses, voire contradictoires, se trouve au cœur du projet d’éclectisme dont le régime a fait son objectif. Louis-Philippe, roi muséographe par excellence, voudra trouver à Versailles l’occasion de tenter un consensus iconographique.
An Integrated Study of the Yamuna River Basin to Set Up a Reference Condition Using an Archival Data Set of the 20th Century by Geospatial Technology
Authors: Shanker Uma , Gupta Peeyush , Hussain Athar
Published: October 2021

The River Yamuna is one of the most prominent and sacred rivers of India. Due to the unaccounted discharge from many anthropogenic activities and industrialization in the basin, the deterioration of the river with respect to time is at its maximum. Periodical analysis is essential for remediation of the causes and the source. The study has been undertaken using GIS technology to understand the variations being taken place in the past decades. The transformation in the physical and geographical characteristics, during the years since 1980-81, of the Yamuna River Basin has been analyzed and converted into digital GIS domain in terms of maps and charts. The reference condition of the basin has been set up and utilized in order to identify the change in land use and land cover of the river premises around Delhi and its neighbouring states. The vegetation analysis with respect to climatic conditions and water quality deterioration has also been assessed in the present study.
A Deep Neural Network for Detecting Coronavirus Disease Using Chest X-Ray Images
Authors: Gupta Rajeev Kumar , Kunhare Nilesh , Pateriya Rajesh Kumar , Pathik Nikhlesh
Published: October 2021

The novel Covid-19 is one of the leading cause of death worldwide in the year 2020 and declared as a pandemic by world health organization (WHO). This virus affecting all countries across the world and 5 lakh people die as of June 2020 due to Covid-19. Due to the highly contagious nature, early detection of this virus plays a vital role to break Covid chain. Recent studies done by China says that chest CT and X-Ray image may be used as a preliminary test for Covid detection. Deep learning-based CNN model can use to detect Coronavirus automatically from the chest X-rays images. This paper proposed a transfer learning-based approach to detect Covid disease. Due to the less number of Covid chest images, we are using a pre-trained model to classify X-ray images into Covid and Normal class. This paper presents the comparative study of a various pre-trained model like VGGNet-19, ResNet50 and Inception_ResNet_V2. Experiment results show that Inception_ResNet_V2 gives the better result as compare to VGGNet and ResNet model with training and test accuracy of 99.26 and 94, respectively.
Effect and Signaling Pathways of Nelumbinis Folium in the Treatment of Hyperlipidemia Assessed by Network Pharmacology
Authors: Pan Qiu , Zhang Zhi-Qing , Tian Cong-Yang , Yu Tong , Yang Ran , Chai Xin-Lou
Published: October 2021

Objective:

In this study, the effects and signaling pathways of Nelumbinis folium in the treatment of hyperlipidemia were analyzed based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.

Materials and Methods:

The main components and targets of Nelumbinis folium were searched through traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP), and the active components were selected according to their oral availability and drug-like properties. The main targets of hyperlipidemia were identified using the DisGeNET database. Venny 2.1.0 was used to take the intersection of both targets, which were submitted to the STRING database to construct the protein-protein interaction network model. The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery 6.7 was used to conduct gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome pathway enrichment analyses of the targets. Cytoscape 3.7.1 was used to construct the component-target-pathway network. AutoDock Vina molecular docking software was used to study the binding effect and mechanism of the core components and targets of N. folium.

Results:

Fifteen active components of N. folium and 195 potential targets were selected through TCMSP, whereas 4216 targets for hyperlipidemia were selected from DisGeNET. Further, 138 potential cross-targets of hyperlipidemia were identified. A network of component-target-pathway was constructed. Quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin were the core components, which played an important role in anti-hyperlipidemia, mainly through the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance (IR) signaling pathways. Molecular docking results showed that quercetin had the lowest docking energies with peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, INSR (-6.20,-10.00, and -8.40 (kcal/mol, respectively). The binding mode was mainly hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces.

Conclusions:

The active components of N. folium may regulate lipid metabolism by participating in the signaling pathways of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and IR.
Peripheral nerve stimulator guided erector spinae plane block for post-operative analgesia after total abdominal hysterectomies: A feasibility study
Authors: Prasad Mukesh K. , Rani Kanchan , Jain Payal , Varshney Rohit K. , Jheetay Gurdeep S. , Bhadani Umesh Kumar
Published: October 2021

Background and Aims:

The pain following total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH), a very commonly performed gynaecological surgery, is usually taken care of by various opioids, non-opioids, regional and peripheral nerve blocks. Erector spinae plane block (ESPB) under ultrasound guidance is a relatively new approach for postoperative analgesia in thoracic and abdominal surgeries. Ultrasound availability and expertise to use it is a limitation at times. The primary aim of this study was to determine the analgesic efficacy of ESPB using peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) technique in patients undergoing TAH.

Methods:

A total of 60 American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II female patients were posted for abdominal hysterectomy after obtaining ethical committee clearance in a tertiary care centre. Group I (n = 30) received spinal anaesthesia, whereas Group II (n = 30) received ESPB under peripheral nerve stimulator (PNS) guidance with 20 mL of 0.375% ropivacaine before spinal anaesthesia. Post-operative pain intensity reported using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was considered as the primary outcome. The haemodynamic variables, total duration before the first rescue analgesia, total consumption of tramadol, level of satisfaction regarding analgesia and any complications were considered as secondary outcomes. The data were recorded in an excel sheet, and analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23.0.

Results:

VAS score was significantly lower (P< 0.001) in Group II at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h post-operatively. The total dose of rescue analgesia was significantly reduced in the ESPB group.

Conclusion:

PNS-guided ESPB is effective in relieving pain in patients undergoing TAH.
Sleep Quality Assessment in Adolescents with and without Type 1 Diabetes Using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index
Authors: Çömlek Fatma Ö. , Çelik Halime , Keskin Burcu , Süt Necdet , Dilek Emine , Tütüncüler Filiz
Published: October 2021

Background and Aims:

Many diseases, especially chronic diseases, can lead to sleep disturbances. Our study aimed to evaluate sleep characteristics and the relationship between sleep disorders and diabetes-related variables in type 1 diabetes adolescents and to compare these results with a non-diabetic group of similar age and gender.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study collected data from 40 healthy adolescents and 50 patients of the same age group with type 1 diabetes mellitus from January 2019 to June 2019. Subjects were asked to complete the Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi Anketi (PUKA). Patients who had nocturnal hypoglycemia in the preceding one month were excluded.

Results:

Total scores for PUKA were not significantly different between the two groups (P= 0.197). No significant relationship was found between sleep quality, duration of diabetes, and HbA1c levels in the diabetes group (P= 0.59,P= 0.41, respectively). Poor sleep quality (PUKA score ≥5) in girls without diabetes was higher (95% confidence interval: 1.26–11.61) than in the diabetes group (P= 0.031).

Conclusion:

In our study, the prevalence of sleep disorders in T1D patients was not higher than the non-diabetic population. However, the girls in the non-diabetic group had significant poor sleep quality. We hypothesize that this may be due to diabetes management bringing order and discipline to an adolescents life.
Thyroid Dysfunction in COVID-19
Authors: Dabas Aashima , Singh Harpreet , Goswami Binita , Kumar Kunal , Dubey Abhishek , Jhamb Urmila , Yadav Sangeeta , Garg Sandeep
Published: October 2021

Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate thyroid dysfunction in COVID-19 and study its association with disease severity in COVID-19.

Methods:

Patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection who were admitted to dedicated COVID hospital were recruited over 3 months period. Those with pre-existing thyroid disease were excluded. The thyroid function tests were performed and correlated with interleukin-6 levels.

Results:

A total of 164 patients (14 children) with mean(SD) age 53.85 (19.54) years were recruited. The proportion of patients with mild, moderate and severe disease were 22 (13.4%), 78 (47.6%) and 64 (39.0%), respectively, among which 12 (54.5%), 56 (71.8%) and 43 (67.2%) patients had thyroid dysfunction, respectively;P= 0.309. Eighty eight (53.7%) had sick euthyroid (84 had low fT3 only), 14 had overt hypothyroidism and 9 had thyroiditis. Median (IQR) levels of serum fT3 showed significant decline from mild category [4.54 (3.81, 5.27)], to moderate [3.95 (3.67, 4.24)] and severe category [3.56 (3.22, 3.89)];P= 0.011. Low fT3 had significant risk [odds ratio (95% CI)] of death [2.634 (1.01, 6.87);P= 0.031] and elevated IL-6 [2.575 (1.084, 6.118);P= 0.021].

Conclusion:

Sick euthyroid was seen in the majority of patients hospitalized with COVID. Low fT3 was associated with death and increased inflammation, suggesting poor prognosis.
Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in South Asian Women with History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gadve Sharvil S , Chavanda Sneha , Datta Mukherjee Aridita , Aziz Sahid , Joshi Ameya , Patwardhan Milind
Published: October 2021

Background:

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represent two different components of the spectrum of diabetes mellitus (DM). Women with GDM have a high chance of developing T2DM in later life and this relative risk depends on a number of factors including ethnicity.

Aim:

To compare and estimate the risk of developing T2DM in South Asian women with a history of GDM compared to those without a history of GDM.

Methods:

This is a systematic review of PubMed and MEDLINE articles reporting the progression of GDM to T2DM that were published in English from 2000 to 2020. We performed meta-analysis to calculate risk ratios (RR).

Results:

We selected 6 studies considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria after sorting 25 full-text articles. Of the 44165 South Asian women assessed, 3095 had GDM and 41070 were without GDM. 995 women in GDM group and 1525 women in non-GDM group had developed T2DM. The RR of women with GDM over non-GDM in developing T2DM was 10.81 (95% confidence interval (CI): 7.61–15.35) suggesting that women with GDM are at 10.81 times more risk of developing T2DM than non-GDM. The cumulative incidence of T2DM in GDM group was 17.34% at 5 years of follow-up and 33% at more than 10 years of follow-up.

Conclusion:

The risk of developing T2DM in later life is higher in South Asian women with GDM than without GDM. Therefore, lifestyle and pharmacological interventions, patient communication, timely screening, and long-term follow-up of GDM patients are important to reduce the risk.
Comparison of Bone Age Assessments by Gruelich-Pyle, Gilsanz-Ratib, and Tanner Whitehouse Methods in Healthy Indian Children
Authors: Shah Nikhil , Khadilkar Vaman , Lohiya Nikhil , Prasad Hemchand K. , Patil Prashant , Gondhalekar Ketan , Khadilkar Anuradha
Published: October 2021

Background:

There are several methods of bone age (BA) assessment, which include Gruelich-Pyle (GP), Gilsanz-Ratib (GR), and Tanner Whitehouse-3 (TW-3) methods. Although GP atlas is the most widely used, there are concerns about its accuracy in children of different ethnicities, making the use of the TW-3 method an attractive option in Indian children.

Objectives:

1) To assess the relationship of BA with chronological age (CA) as assessed by different methods (GP, GR, and TW-3) in healthy Indian children 2) To assess which of the three methods of BA assessment is more suitable in Indian children.

Methodology:

X-rays of 851 children (438 boys and 413 girls, aged 2–16.5 years) were analyzed by four independent observers using three different methods of BA estimation (GP, GR, and TW-3). Mean BAs were converted toZ-scores. For purpose of deciding which method of BA was most suitable in our cohort, a test of proportions and root mean square (RMS) deviations were computed.

Results:

Using the test of proportions, the TW-3 method was most suitable overall (P< 0.05). TW-3 method was again most applicable in prepubertal boys (P< 0.05), in prepubertal girls (although not significant,P> 0.1), and pubertal girls (P< 0.05). However, in pubertal boys, the GR atlas method was most suitable (P< 0.05). The same results were obtained when root mean square (RMS) deviations were computed. Interestingly, BA was underestimated in Indian boys irrespective of the method used. In Indian girls, however, the BA was underestimated till the pubertal growth spurt, after which there was rapid advancement of BA.

Conclusions:

Among the three methods (GP, GR, and TW-3), the BAs estimated by the TW-3 method were closest to CAs. Hence, it seems reasonable to recommend the use of the TW-3 method for BA estimation in the Indian population till an Indian standard bone age atlas is developed.
Brain Tumor Segmentation Using Graph Coloring Approach in Magnetic Resonance Images
Authors: Bagheri Rouholla , Monfared Jalal Haghighat , Montazeriyoun Mohammad Reza
Published: October 2021

It is important to have an accurate and reliable brain tumor segmentation for cancer diagnosis and treatment planning. There are few unsupervised approaches for brain tumor segmentation. In this paper, a new unsupervised approach based on graph coloring for brain tumor segmentation is introduced. In this study, a graph coloring approach is used for brain tumor segmentation. For this aim, each pixel of brain image assumed as a node of graph and difference between brightness of a couple of pixels considered as edge. This method was applied on T1-enhanced magnetic resonance images of low-grade and high-grade patients. Since a rigid graph was needed for graph coloring, edges must be divided into existing or nonexisting edge using a threshold. The value of this threshold has affected the accuracy of image segmentation, so the choice of the optimal threshold was important. The optimal value for this threshold was 0.42 of maximum value of difference of brightness between pixels that caused the 83.62% of correlation accuracy. The results showed that graph coloring approach can be a reliable unsupervised approach for brain tumor segmentation. This approach, as an unsupervised approach, shows better accuracy in comparison with neural networks and neuro-fuzzy networks. However, as a limitation, the accuracy of this approach is dependent on the threshold of edges.
The Relation between Chaotic Feature of Surface EEG and Muscle Force
Authors: Rahatabad Fereidoun Nowshiravan , Rangraz Parisa , Dalir Masood , Nasrabadi Ali Motie
Published: October 2021

Background:

Nonlinear dynamics, especially the chaos characteristics, are useful in analyzing bio-potentials with many complexities. In this study, the evaluation of arm-tip force estimation method from the electroencephalography (EEG) signal in the vertical plane has been studied and chaos characteristics, including fractal dimension, Lyapunov exponent, entropy, and correlation dimension characteristics of EEG signals have been measured and analyzed at different levels of forces.

Method:

Electromyography signal was recorded with the help of the BIOPEC device (the Mp-100 model) and from the forearm muscle with surface electrodes, and the EEG signals were recorded from five major motor-related cortical areas according to 10–20 standard three times in a normal healthy 33-year-old male, athlete and right handed simultaneously with importing a force to 10 sinkers weighing from 10 to 100 Newton with step 10 Newton.

Results:

The findings confirm that force estimation through EEG signals is feasible, especially using fractal dimension feature. The R-squared values for Fractal dimension, Lyapunov exponent, and entropy and correlation dimension features for linear trend line were 0.93, 0.7, 0.86, and 0.41, respectively.

Conclusion:

The linear increase of characteristics especially fractal dimension and entropy, together with the results from other EEG and neuroimaging studies, suggests that under normal conditions, brain recruits motor neurons at a linear progress when increasing the force.