bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the contribution of higher education institutions to sustainable development research: A focus on post‐2015 SDGs
Authors: Filho Walter Leal , Eustachio João Henrique Paulino Pires , Ávila Lucas Veiga , Dinis Maria Alzira Pimenta , Hernandez‐Diaz Paula M. , Batista Karina , Borsari Bruno , Abubakar Ismaila Rimi
Published: October 2024

Sustainable development (SD) research is vital in providing a basis for progress in this rapidly growing field of inquiry. In this context, higher education institutions (HEIs) and leading top researchers belonging to them are playing a key role. Despite this being widely acknowledged by the academy, it is largely unclear how individual HEIs, and their researchers contribute to sustainability research efforts. Based on the need to unveil this landscape, our article reports on a study that identified the leading HEIs and researchers involved in sustainability research and how they contribute to moving the field forward. A bibliometric assessment of the literature (performance analysis) was conducted to identify the number of publications of leading authors and institutions. The results reveal some interesting trends. First, the co‐occurrence analysis technique revealed what the top 10 authors in SD are exploring. Also, the study identifies diverse thematic clusters, covering areas like technology, sustainability assessment, integrative education, and corporate practices. The paper advances SD theory by illustrating how these themes interconnect and complement each other. The article concludes with suggestions of how universities may engage further in sustainability research. The theoretical and practical implications of the research, as well as its limitations, are also addressed.
Green Synthesis Study: Adsorption of Congo Red Dye with Selenium Nanoparticles Obtained from Prunus Armeniaca L. Leaf Waste
Authors: Turna Talip , Solmaz Alper , Baran Ayşe
Published: October 2024

In this study, it was aimed to remove Congo Red (CR) dye in aqueous solution by biosynthesized Selenium Nanoparticles from Prunus armeniaca L. (PAL‐SeNPs) leaf wastes by green synthesis method. The characteristic structure of PAL‐SeNPs was determined by UV‐vis spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetry‐differential thermal analysis (TGA‐DTA), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zetasizer, and point of zero charge (pHpzc). The effects of pH, adsorbent amount, time, initial concentration, and temperature were investigated by batch adsorption studies. 2 different kinetic and 4 isotherm models were tested and error analysis functions were determined for the most suitable model. Accordingly, the particle size, crystallinity, pHpzc value and average surface charge of PAL‐SeNPs were determined as 9.969 nm, 48.50 %, 3.47, and −23.6 mV, respectively. Also, the most suitable kinetic and isotherm models for the removal of CR dye with PAL‐SeNPs were found as Pseudo‐second‐order and Freundlich, with R2 values of 0.996, respectively. Also, where the optimum pH was 7.00, the maximum adsorption capacity was calculated as 96.59 mgCR/gPAL‐SeNPs. The results obtained show that environmentally friendly and low‐cost PAL‐SeNPs produced by the green synthesis method are a suitable alternative for the removal of CR dye.
A Comprehensive Review of Synthetic Approaches Toward Lamellarin D and its Analogous
Authors: Sivaganesan Pooja , VL Subiksha , Sahoo Arupratan , Elanchezhian Chibisree , Nataraj Gokulprasanth , Chaudhuri Saikat
Published: October 2024

Lamellarin D, a naturally occurring molecule, isolated from marine molluscs, it exhibits potent pharmacological activities, such as topoisomerase I inhibition, antiproliferation, antiviral, insecticidal, antimetastatic and anticancer effects, making it a promising candidate for drug development. This review explores the synthesis of Lamellarin D employing various methodologies. These synthetic approaches have enabled researchers to access Lamellarin D and its analogous efficiently, facilitating further investigation into their biological properties. Our study summarizes the major contributions of these efforts to the larger synthetic community, primarily focusing on general synthetic techniques toward the Lamellarin D and its counterpart since its isolation in 1997 to the present.
Dual Temperature and pH Sensitive Poly(ethyl methacrylate‐co‐acrylamide) Nanogels Have Potential for Controlled Release of Doxorubicin
Authors: Hakkoymaz Orhun , Mazi Hidayet
Published: October 2024

In this study, the synthesis and characterization of poly(ethyl methacrylate‐co‐acrylamide) (i.e., poly(EMA‐co‐AAm)) nanogels and the loading and release studies of doxorubicin hydrochloride were carried out. The synthesis of nanogels was carried out using the emulsion polymerization technique at 60 °C. Swelling experiments showed that the nanogels were sensitive to temperature and pH of the medium. Zeta sizer analysis results showed that the synthesized nanogels had an average size of 23.17 nm and the PDI value was 0.270. In the loading studies of doxorubicin into nanogels, the drug loading capacity (DLC) of the nanogel was determined as 32% and the drug loading efficiency (DLE) was determined as 77%. Release studies conducted at pH = 5.4 and pH = 7.4 at 37 °C showed that the release percentage was 17% even in 32 h at pH = 7.4, and 82% in 5 h at pH = 5.4. Release studies conducted at different temperatures at pH = 5.4 revealed that the release percentage was 82% at 37 °C, 85% at 39 °C, and 89% at 41 °C. These results revealed that poly(EMA‐co‐AAm) nanogels can be used in targeted controlled release of doxorubicin and can increase drug effects while reducing side effects.
Renal‐Clearable Organic Probes From D–A–D Type Aza‐BODIPY Fluorophores for Multiphoton Deep‐Brain Imaging
Authors: Li Wenting , Deng Xiangquan , Zhang Zhe , Fang Xiaofeng , Liu Ye , Yang Yicheng , Zhong Jicheng , Zhang Chi , Zhang Yingxian , Wang Yingjie , Wu Changfeng , Wang Ke
Published: October 2024

Bright near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes play an important role in in vivo optical imaging. Here, renal‐clearable nanodots prepared from Aza‐BODIPY are reported fluorophores for multiphoton brain imaging. The design of donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D) type conjugated structures endowed the fluorophores with large three‐photon absorption cross‐section for both 1620 and 2200 nm excitation. The side chain modification and lipid encapsulation yield ultrasmall nanodots (≈4 nm) and a high fluorescence quantum yield (≈0.35) at 720 nm emission in the aqueous phase. The measured three‐photon action cross‐section of a single Aza‐BODIPY fluorophore in the nanodots is ≈30 times higher than the commonly used Sulforhodamine 101 dye. Three‐photon deep brain imaging of subcortical structures is demonstrated, reaching a depth of 1900 µm below the brain surface in a live mouse study. The nanodots enabled blood flow measurement at a depth of 1617 µm using line scanning three‐photon microscopy (3PM). This work provides superior fluorescent probes for multiphoton deep‐brain imaging.
Multiple blast behavior of steel wire mesh reinforced geopolymer based high performance concrete (G‐HPC) slab: Experiment and numerical simulation
Authors: Yuan Pengcheng , Xu Shenchun , Yang Ting , Zhou Yun , Su Yu , Shao Ruizhe
Published: October 2024

Engineering structures face the potential of encountering repetitive or multiple blast loads stemming from accidental explosions and terrorist attacks. However, current research in this field is still relatively limited, and further investigation is needed to understand the damage mechanisms of structures under multiple explosions. Therefore, this study explores the blast resistance of G‐HPC slabs reinforced with steel wire mesh (SWM) under multiple blast loads. The failure modes of the SWM‐reinforced G‐HPC slab were experimentally studied under two consecutive explosions (with explosive equivalents of 1.6 and 3.2 kg, both at a standoff distance of 0.4 m). The results revealed that, after two consecutive explosions, the slab exhibited bulging with minimal concrete spalling, showcasing overall integrity. Subsequently, a numerical model was established, followed by a comprehensive parameter analysis. The parameter analysis investigated the effects of SWM diameters and grid size, the arrangement of SWM, and the sequence of TNT equivalents on the performance of the slab under three consecutive blast loads. The findings revealed that increasing the SWM diameter or reducing the grid size significantly enhanced the blast resistance of the slab under three consecutive explosive loads. Strategically arranging the SWM in the tensile zone reduced damage and deflection. Furthermore, the sequence of TNT equivalents had a notable impact on the damage and energy absorption of the slab.
‘The First in the Service of Truth’: Construction of Counterknowledge Claims and the Case of Janša's SDS’ Media Outlets
Authors: Mahmutović Melika , Lovec Marko
Published: October 2024

The chapter investigates the interplay of populism, on the one hand, and truth and knowledge production, on the other, in the context of the post-truth condition. We emphasize that such an inquiry must begin by clearly delineating the meaning of populism as such and by applying that understanding to the populist relation to truth and knowledge production, without essentializing or simplifying the relation between the two. To illustrate this, we assess the case of Janez Janša and Slovenian Democratic Party to show how they employ the strategy of ‘counterknowledge’ to assert their belief in truth supported by alternative inquiry. Our findings suggest that Janša and SDS do not necessarily oppose science or expert knowledge, nor do they solely privilege folk knowledge. Rather, they advocate a particular kind of counter-expertise arising from their own epistemic community in which SDS works to portray itself as the only reliable authority on truth. This way, SDS’s truth-claims are part of their hegemonic struggle used to solidify political antagonisms through a hybrid strategy of political cognitive relativism. Analysis thus shows that populists are not necessarily irrational actors who negate scientific epistemology, but rather issue truth-claims as a way of consolidating their political agenda.
Determination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in six different fish species from Swiss lakes
Authors: Soudani Mylène , Hegg Lucie , Rime Camille , Coquoz Camille , Grosjean Denise Bussien , Danza Francesco , Solcà Nicola , Lucarini Fiorella , Staedler Davide
Published: October 2024

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent environmental contaminants with bioaccumulation potential, particularly affecting aquatic ecosystems and human health also via fish consumption. There is therefore a need for reliable extraction methods and studies to accurately assess PFAS levels in fish, crucial for understanding bioaccumulation and potential toxicological effects on both fish and humans through consumption. This study investigated PFAS levels in freshwater fish from Swiss lakes, focusing on six common species: Coregonus wartmanni, Cyprinus carpio, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Perca fluviatilis, Salmo trutta, and Squalius cephalus. Utilizing an optimized QuEChERS extraction method, 15 PFAS were analyzed in 218 fish fillet samples using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The results were compared to EU regulations and EFSA guidelines for tolerable weekly intake (TWI), with a specific focus on correlations between fish size and PFAS concentration. Our findings reveal significant PFAS contamination, particularly in Perca fluviatilis with perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) levels often exceeding EU safety limits. TWI, calculated for a person of 70 kg body weight and an intake of 200 g of fish fillet, is exceeded in 95% of Coregonus wartmanni, 100% of Squalius cephalus, and in 55%, 50%, and 36% of the specimens Oncorhynchus mykiss, Salmo trutta, and Perca fluviatilis respectively. Correlation analysis between PFAS concentration and fish size in 121 Salmo trutta specimens revealed significant positive correlations for perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), and a negative correlation for perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA). These results underscore the critical need for continuous monitoring and regulatory efforts to mitigate PFAS exposure risks to both ecosystems and human health.
Diagnosis of periprosthetic loosening of total hip and knee arthroplasty using 68Gallium-Zoledronate PET/CT
Authors: Touet A. , Koob S. , Kürpig S. , Roos J. , Roesch F. , Wirtz DC. , Essler M. , Gaertner FC.
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Periprosthetic loosening is a major complication after total hip and knee arthroplasty. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential to choose the right therapeutic path and to avoid further complications. The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of 68Gallium-Zoledronate ([68Ga]Ga-DOTAZol) PET/CT in detecting periprosthetic loosening in total hip (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods

This retrospective study included 26 patients with painful prosthesis (THA n = 17; TKA n = 16) and clinical suspicion of periprosthetic loosening, but without a confirmed diagnosis. Patients underwent [68Ga]Ga-DOTAZol PET/CT at least one year post-implantation. Diagnosis was confirmed through revision surgery or long-term clinical follow-up, with an observation period of at least 6 months. The analysis included both an assessment of the prosthesis as a unit and a separate evaluation of the individual components. Statistical analysis involved calculating sensitivity, specificity and accuracy using SPSS.

Results

Overall, a sensitivity of 77.8%, a specificity of 95.8% and an accuracy of 90.9% were found for detecting periprosthetic loosening, when considering the prosthesis as a unit. Individual component analyses showed a sensitivity of 71.4% and specificity of 96.2%.

Conclusion

The use of [68Ga]Ga-DOTAZol PET/CT in periprosthetic loosening is a remarkable diagnostic tool and a promising approach. In comparison to established radionuclide tracers, 68Gallium-Zoledronate offers notable advantages due to its availability via 68Ge/68Ga-generators, improving its potential for clinical application.
Evaluation of the single and combined therapeutic effects of individually manufactured earplug therapy in patients with myogenous temporomandibular disorders: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Benli Merve , Cayouette Monica J.
Published: October 2024

Objective

To evaluate the effect of individually manufactured earplug therapy on pain intensity (PI), symptom severity (SS), and maximum mouth opening (MMO), in patients with myogenous temporomandibular disorders (TMD).

Methods

One-hundred-twenty patients were randomly allocated to six groups: Groups EP (earplug), OS (occlusal splint), EX (exercise), EPO (earplug with occlusal splint), EPE (earplug with exercise), and C (control). Outcomes were PI (assessed with a visual analog scale (VAS)), SS (assessed with the modified Symptom Severity Index Questionnaire (mSSI)), and MMO (evaluated with a digital caliper). Measurements were performed at T0 (before the therapy), T1 (1-month follow-up), and T2 (3-month follow-up). Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey’s HSD, and chi-square tests (alpha = 0.05).

Results

At T1 and T2, the greatest VAS and mSSI reduction was detected for the groups EPE (VAS = 5.3 ± 1.05, 3.3 ± 0.7; mSSI = 38.2 ± 2.27, 43.6 ± 3.94) and EPO (VAS = 5.2 ± 0.91, 3.2 ± 0.78; mSSI = 36.3 ± 3.97, 42.2 ± 3.19), respectively (p < 0.05). At T1, occlusal splint groups (groups OS (34.8 ± 2.97 mm) and EPO (33.8 ± 3.49 mm)) gave the highest MMO values, while T2 values did not constitute a significant difference with T1 (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

The short-term use of combined earplug therapy resulted in a decrease in both PI and SS. Improvement in MMO in participants using occlusal splints was observed in the 1st month and was maintained through the 3rd month.

Clinical Relevance

Earplug therapy can be applied as a complementary therapy to occlusal splint and exercise treatments to decrease PI and SS in patients with myogenous TMD. To achieve functional recovery such as MMO, its combined use with splints should be taken into consideration by clinicians.
Modeling the Effects of Increased Hurricane Frequency on the Tropical Forest Carbon Cycle
Authors: Gutiérrez del Arroyo Omar , Hartman Melannie D. , Silver Whendee L.
Published: October 2024

Models project that climate change is increasing the frequency of severe storm events such as hurricanes. Hurricanes are an important driver of ecosystem structure and function in tropical coastal and island regions and thus impact tropical forest carbon (C) cycling. We used the DayCent model to explore the effects of increased hurricane frequency on humid tropical forest C stocks and fluxes at decadal and centennial timescales. The model was parameterized with empirical data from the Luquillo Experimental Forest (LEF), Puerto Rico. The DayCent model replicated the well-documented cyclical pattern of forest biomass fluctuations in hurricane-impacted forests such as the LEF. At the historical hurricane frequency (60 years), the dynamic steady state mean forest biomass was 80.9 ± 0.8 Mg C/ha during the 500-year study period. Increasing hurricane frequency to 30 and 10 years did not significantly affect net primary productivity but resulted in a significant decrease in mean forest biomass to 61.1 ± 0.6 and 33.2 ± 0.2 Mg C/ha, respectively (p < 0.001). Hurricane events at all intervals had a positive effect on soil C stocks, although the magnitude and rate of change of soil C varied with hurricane frequency. However, the gain in soil C stocks was insufficient to offset the larger losses from aboveground biomass C over the time period. Heterotrophic respiration increased with hurricane frequency by 1.6 to 4.8%. Overall, we found that an increasing frequency of tropical hurricanes led to a decrease in net ecosystem production by − 0.2 ± 0.08 Mg C/ha/y to − 0.4 ± 0.04 Mg C/ha/y for 30–10-year hurricane intervals, respectively, significantly increasing the C source strength of this forest. These results demonstrate how changes in hurricane frequency can have major implications for the tropical forest C cycle and limit the potential for this ecosystem to serve as a net C sink.
Potential of combined red and near-infrared photobiomodulation to mitigate pro-osteoclastic and inflammatory gene expression in human mandibular osteogenic cells
Authors: Palmisano Biagio , Vecchio Alessandro Del , Passaretti Alfredo , Stefano Alessia , Miracolo Giovanna , Farinacci Giorgia , Corsi Alessandro , Riminucci Mara , Romeo Umberto , Cicconetti Andrea
Published: October 2024

Appropriate regeneration of jawbone after dental or surgical procedures relies on the recruitment of osteoprogenitor cells able to differentiate into matrix-producing osteoblasts. In this context, photobiomodulation (PBM) has emerged as promising therapy to improve tissue regeneration and to facilitate wound healing processes. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of PBM on human osteoprogenitor cells isolated from mandibular trabecular bone.

Bone marrow stromal cell cultures were established from 4 donors and induced toward osteogenic differentiation for 14 days in a standard osteogenic assay. Cells were irradiated with a combined red/near-infrared (NIR) laser following different schedules and expression of osteogenic, matrix-related, osteoclastogenic and inflammatory genes was analyzed by quantitative PCR.

Gene expression analysis revealed no overall effects of PBM on osteogenic differentiation. However, a statistically significant reduction was observed in the transcripts of COL1A1 and MMP13, two important genes involved in the bone matrix homeostasis. Most important, PBM significantly downregulated the expression of RANKL, IL6 and IL1B, three genes that are involved in both osteoclastogenesis and inflammation.

In conclusion, PBM with a red/NIR laser did not modulate the osteogenic phenotype of mandibular osteoprogenitors but markedly reduced their expression of matrix-related genes and their pro-osteoclastogenic and pro-inflammatory profile.
A wee exploration of techniques for risk assessments of extreme events
Authors: Li Mengran , Cuba Daniela , Hu Chenglei , Castro-Camilo Daniela
Published: October 2024

Assessing the behaviour of extreme events in univariate and multivariate settings entails many challenges, from the need to capture different sources of non-stationarity to adequately extrapolate into the tail of the distribution and compute probabilities of extreme events associated with high-dimensional vectors. Motivated by these common issues, we use a combination of methods from extreme-value theory, dimensionality reduction, non-parametric statistics, copula theory, and bootstrap model averaging to provide estimates of risk measures associated with environmental extremes. The work is tailored to the four data challenges presented in the EVA (2023) Conference Data Challenge competition, and the methods introduced here represent the approach taken by the Wee Extremes group.
Echoes of violence: experiences of Palestinian Arab students in Israeli academia during the violent events of May 2021
Authors: Mansour Lamma
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates the challenges faced by Palestinian Arab citizens of Israel (PAI) who are students in Israeli higher education institutions amidst periods of national turbulence and violence, particularly focusing on the violent events of May 2021. Using interviews with students, academics, and members of civil society organisations, the paper puts forth a constructivist grounded theory model that charts the impact of the violent events of May 2021 on PAI students. It reveals that students’ experiences of violence, in various forms, give rise to a host of emotional, social, and political processes that heighten their awareness of the structural violence of the broader Israeli-Palestinian struggle. In response, PAI students withdraw both physically and mentally from their campuses and concurrently mobilise within their communities to address unmet needs neglected by official authorities. The perceptions of PAI students regarding their institutions’ responses to political issues are marked by intense cynicism—a sentiment that is mitigated by individual supportive initiatives by faculty members. Based on the findings, the paper argues that periods of political escalation are not to be viewed as fleeting events that heighten emotions but rather as critical junctures where identities and perceptions are formed, leaving an impact that lasts long after the immediate turbulence subsides.
A Sharp Bound for the First Robin–Dirichlet Eigenvalue
Authors: Gavitone Nunzia , Piscitelli Gianpaolo
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we study the first eigenvalue of the Laplacian on doubly connected domains when Robin and Dirichlet conditions are imposed on the outer and the inner part of the boundary, respectively. We provide that the spherical shell reaches the maximum of the first eigenvalue of this problem among a suitable class of domains when the measure, the outer perimeter and inner $$(n-1)$$

(
n
-
1
)

th quermassintegral are fixed.
Multiteam Semantics for Interventionist Counterfactuals: Probabilities and Causation
Authors: Barbero Fausto , Sandu Gabriel
Published: October 2024

In (Barbero and Sandu 2020 Journal of Philosophical Logic, 50, 471-521), we showed that languages encompassing interventionist counterfactuals and causal notions based on them (as e.g. in Pearl’s and Woodward’s manipulationist approaches to causation) as well as information-theoretic notions (such as learning and dependence) can be interpreted in a semantic framework which combines the traditions of structural equation modeling and of team semantics. We now present a further extension of this framework (causal multiteams) which allows us to talk about probabilistic causal statements. We analyze the expressivity resources of two causal-probabilistic languages, one finitary and one infinitary. We show that many causal-probabilistic notions from the literature on causal inference can already be expressed in the finitary language, and we prove a normal form theorem that throws a new light on Pearl’s “ladder of causation”. In addition, we provide an exact semantic characterization of the infinitary language, which shows that this language captures precisely those causal-probabilistic statements that do not commit us to any specific interpretation of probability; and we prove that no usual, countable language is apt for this task.
Capital Controls or Macroprudential Policies: Which is Better for Land Booms and Busts?
Authors: Zhou Yang , Kitano Shigeto
Published: October 2024

Emerging markets have experienced land booms and busts along with international capital inflows and outflows repeatedly. This study quantitatively examines the effectiveness of (i) macroprudential policies targeting land markets and (ii) capital controls targeting capital inflows and outflows. We analyze which policy better manages the coincidence between land booms (busts) and capital inflows (outflows). We build a small open economy NK-DSGE model in which banks choose their asset portfolio between physical capital and land subject to financial constraints. The quantitative results show that the superiority of the two policies depends on the type of shock impacting a small open economy. In the case of domestic land market shocks, macroprudential policies enhance welfare, whereas capital controls reduce welfare. Conversely, in the case of foreign interest rate shocks, the superiority of the two policies is reversed: capital controls enhance welfare, while macroprudential policies deteriorate welfare.
Deliberative Democracy and Pragma-Dialectics Related
Authors: Williams Stephen J , Knops Andrew
Published: October 2024

This paper adopts a pragma-dialectic approach to explore inclusion in real-world argumentation. Having outlined theories of deliberative democracy—focussing on Habermas’s discourse model—and pragma-dialectic methods for analysing argumentative exchanges in the real world, we then relate them. From this we identify the potential for using the enhanced detail of pragma-dialectic analysis to constructively understand dynamics of inclusion in the political decision processes of central concern to deliberative democratic theories.

In the remainder of the article we illustrate this potential with our own pragma-dialectic analysis of an instance of real-world argumentation in a political policymaking process—a deliberative forum in the contentious field of mental health. The detail afforded by the pragma-dialectic method allows us to more clearly identify the complex layers and dynamics of argument involved in these policy deliberations, allowing insights into mechanisms for inclusion in deliberations, relative to the parties to such deliberations, their roles and competing interests and perspectives.

By relating the two fields of deliberative democratic theory and pragma-dialectics this article aims to develop their complementary potential—in particular by suggesting, and briefly illustrating—how pragma-dialectic methods might enhance analysis of the dynamics of argumentation in political policymaking processes, in particular as an aid to constructive reflection on those processes by theorists and participants together.
Tick control prevents carcass condemnations in lambs caused by Anaplasma ovis
Authors: Ruiz Héctor , Lacasta Delia , Villanueva-Saz Sergio , González José María , Ortín Aurora , Ramos Juan José , Benito Alfredo Ángel , Estrada-Peña Agustín , Fernández Antonio , Pomar Marina , de Arcaute Marta Ruiz
Published: October 2024

Ovine anaplasmosis is causing relevant economic losses in Spain due to icteric carcass condemnation in lambs. Anaplasma ovis infection occurs through grazing sheep that transfer ticks to their offspring. This study compared the efficacy of deltamethrin and cypermethrin pour-on treatments for tick control. A total of 250 PCR A. ovis-positive ewes and their offspring were divided into 5 groups. Group A (50 ewes/50 lambs) was kept as an untreated control group. In groups B (50/50) and C (45/93), the lambs were treated with deltamethrin pour-on and cypermethrin pour-on, respectively, one week after birth. In groups D (50/75) and E (51/68), the ewes were treated with cypermethrin pour-on and deltamethrin pour-on one week before the estimated parturition. External parasite assessment and A. ovis PCR were conducted before treatment and at 21 and 42 days post-treatment. Ewes were checked weekly for tick-detection until weaning. Lamb carcasses were examined at the slaughterhouse. Riphicephalus sanguineus sensu lato ticks were found in ewes throughout the study, with only one tick found in a control group lamb. Three lambs tested positive for A. ovis during the trial, with one condemnation at the abattoir due to jaundice. However, no significant differences were observed between treatment groups. Overall, a significant decrease in infected animals and condemned carcasses was observed compared to previous years, suggesting that deltamethrin and cypermethrin prevent A. ovis transmission from dams to lambs. Further studies are needed to confirm synthetic pyrethroids’ effectiveness in controlling tick infestation and averting A. ovis transmission to lambs.
Candida albicans Virulence Traits in Commensalism and Disease
Authors: Fróis-Martins Ricardo , Lagler Julia , LeibundGut-Landmann Salomé
Published: October 2024

Purpose of Review

Candida albicans is a common constituent of the normal human microbiota of the oro-gastrointestinal and vaginal tract. The immune system and the microbiota work together to maintain stable colonization and prevent excessive fungal growth and disease. Disruption of the delicate balance between C. albicans and the host can result in superficial and disseminated infections, as observed in individuals with a compromised immune system or dysbiosis. Invasive candidiasis accounts for a million deaths every year. C. albicans-intrinsic factors promoting stable commensalism in the human host are poorly established. Understanding the processes that regulate microbial homeostasis is important for evaluating novel intervention strategies that aim at targeting fungal virulence but at the same time prevent eradication of commensal organisms, which ultimately benefit the host.

Recent Findings

C. albicans commensalism is generally associated with a lack of filamentation, epithelial invasion and host cell damage. Fungal isolates recovered from healthy individuals are however not completely avirulent. In contrast, they exhibit varying degrees of virulence attributes and retain the capacity to cause disease, thereby challenging the notion that avirulence is a hallmark of superior commensal fitness. Recent advances in the field provide insights in how virulence traits, which are primarily known for inducing disease in the host, such as hyphae formation and candidalysin production, play an unexpected active part in establishing C. albicans gut commensalism. Overt filamentation and tissue damage is in turn prevented by adaptive antifungal immunity, which is induced in response to fungal virulence.

This review discusses the emerging paradigm shift in our understanding of how fungal virulence determinants are not per se inconsistent with commensalism but are actually a prerequisite for colonization and for triggering a host-protective homeostatic immunity through mutual adaptation with the host.
Assessment of aortomesenteric distance and mesenteric and retroperitoneal adipose tissue thickness in genetic forms of lipodystrophy
Authors: Unal Mehmet Cagri , Uncuoglu Furkan , Gungor Semiz Gokcen , Arayici Mehmet Emin , Yener Serkan , Altay Canan , Akinci Baris
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Lipodystrophy is a rare disease characterized by the loss of adipose tissue. Visceral adipose tissue loss in certain forms of lipodystrophy may affect the amount of mesenteric fat.

Method

We studied visceral adipose tissue by measuring the thickness of mesenteric and retroperitoneal adipose tissue and the aortomesenteric (AOM) distance in patients with genetic forms of lipodystrophy (n = 48; 7 males; 41 females; mean age 39.1 ± 11.9 years; 19 with congenital generalized lipodystrophy [CGL], and 29 with familial partial lipodystrophy [FPLD]). An age- and gender-matched control group with a ratio of 1:2 was generated.

Results

Patients with CGL had severely depleted mesenteric adipose tissue (2.0 [IQR: 1.5–3.5] mm vs. 18.8 [IQR: 4.4–42.2] mm in FPLD, P < .001; 30.3 [IQR: 13.9–46.6] mm in controls, P < .001) and retroperitoneal adipose tissue (1.3 [IQR: 0.0–5.3] mm vs. 33.7 [IQR: 21.6–42.1] mm in FPLD, P < .001; 29.7 [IQR: 23.1–36.7] mm in controls, P < .001). The AOM distance was shorter in patients with CGL (8.1 [IQR: 6.0–10.8] mm) compared to patients with FPLD (vs. 13.0 [IQR: 8.8–18.1] mm; P = .023) and controls (vs. 11.3 [IQR: 8.4–15.5] mm, P = .016). Leptin levels were positively correlated with AOM distance in lipodystrophy (r = .513, P < .001). Multivariate linear regression analysis identified body mass index as a significant predictor of AOM distance (data controlled for age and sex; beta = 0.537, 95% CI: 0.277–0.798, P < .001). Twelve of 19 patients (63%) with CGL had an AOM distance of < 10 mm, a risk factor that may predispose patients to developing superior mesenteric artery syndrome.

Conclusion

CGL is associated with a severe loss of mesenteric adipose tissue, which leads to a narrowing of the space between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta.
Making sense of big questions that require multiple subjects: preliminary theorisation of an integrative philosophy of knowledge and empirical indications of a lack of subject connection within school curricula
Authors: Bowie Robert A. , Aantjes Rosanne , Woolley Mary , Hulbert Sabina , Revell Lynn , Thomas Caroline , Riordan John-Paul
Published: October 2024

This paper provides theorisation about a novel concept for education: an integrative philosophy of knowledge (IPK). This is proposed for school curricula to relate multiple subjects to big questions of personal and existential importance. Critical contemporary issues such as climate change education require multiple subject contributions but there is little clarity in the English education guidance on this drawing together, beyond the encouragement to do so in priority areas. Leading British thinkers have engaged the idea of the unity of knowledge, not without difficulty and criticism. The paper identifies reasons for a practical approach to consilience in school curricula. In addition to preliminary theorisation, in methodological ‘harmony’, this paper adds tentative empirical findings from a related research project that provides quantitative indications that such multi-subject connection is likely not happening. The findings are not definitive, but the perceptions of three groups of beginning and experienced teachers (secondary Religious Education (RE), secondary science and primary teachers) indicate that school curricula do not reflect an integrative approach to climate change education, and sex and relationships education, despite policy priority. A significant national survey could not detect many signs of connection. The paper speculates that RE could have a key epistemic role for the curriculum as a whole in this regard.
Identity and influence - RE professional’s views on the inclusion of far-right extremism as a topic within Religious Education lessons
Authors: Lowe Fay
Published: October 2024

This research addresses the concerning influence of far-right extremism on pupils in England, highlighting risks leading to potential radicalisation and violent extremism. Conducted through focus groups at the national RE conference ‘RExChange 2022’, the study explores whether and how far-right extremism should be integrated into the Religious Education (RE) curriculum. Findings suggest that RE can play a vital role in countering extremist narratives, particularly those with antisemitic and Islamophobic elements, by fostering tolerance, respect, and critical thinking. Despite RE’s potential, challenges arise due to its locally determined nature and inconsistent provision across schools. The study concludes with recommendations for including topics about far-right extremism in RE, aiming to build pupils’ resilience against radicalisation and support informed decision-making.
Looking to the future: the problematics of determining RE among early career teachers
Authors: Mogra Imran
Published: October 2024

The landscape of RE continues to evolve, in part, due to the academisation programme in England which is disrupting long-standing historical local structures. Following the National Plan by the Commission on RE, as a contribution to the ongoing debates, this study explores the perceptions of early career teachers about the future determination of RE. To examine such views, an online survey gathered quantitative data from PGCE and Year 3 students and a questionnaire gathered qualitative data from two groups in Year 1 of the BA Honours in Primary Education course at a university in the West Midlands, England. The findings are based on 149 survey responses and 52 completed questionnaires. This article reports the results about the membership and duties of Standing Advisory Council on Religious Education (SACRE) and the proposed Local Advisory Network for Religion and Worldviews (LANRW) from the Year 1 groups. The open-ended questionnaire data were analysed by thematic analysis. The results reveal that a small majority of the Year 1 groups were unhappy with the current membership setup of SACREs. However, a larger majority were happy with the current duties of SACREs. More than half of the responses received for the question about the creation of LANRWs agreed with this proposal. All responses received for the question about the representativeness of LANRWs agreed that the five groups proposed would make a LANRWs representative. A majority of the responses received for the question about the proposed roles designated for LANRWs also expressed their satisfaction with the roles. Based on these, further research is recommended.
Leaving Terror For Redemption: „Son of Hamas“ als Konversionserzählung
Authors: Eißner Jakob
Published: October 2024

Im derzeitigen US-Diskurs zählt Mosab Hassan Yousef zu den namhaften Hamas-Kennern und Nahost-Experten. Der Artikel untersucht Yousefs Autobiografie „Son of Hamas“ (2010) erstmals unter religionswissenschaftlichen Gesichtspunkten. Denn als junger Palästinenser aus Ramallah vollzog dieser eine doppelte Konversion: Religiös wurde er vom Islam zum evangelikalen Christentum bekehrt; politisch wandte er sich von der Hamas ab und arbeitete mit dem israelischen Geheimdienst zusammen. Seine Konversionserzählung folgt dabei einer Narrativik, die darauf gerichtet ist, Authentizität in der Rolle eines geläuterten und reflektierten Christen zu erzeugen. Diese im Folgenden ostentativ zur Schau gestellte Rolle wird als Schlüssel zum Verständnis auch der anderen religionsbezogenen Themenfelder im Buch herausgearbeitet: das äußerst pejorative Islambild, Yousefs Gedanken zu religiös motivierter Gewalt, die Darstellung seines Vaters als Symbol für einen ‚guten‘ Islam sowie seine Religionisierung des Nahostkonflikts. Ferner wird die im Konversionsbericht erzeugte Authentizität genutzt, um sich als intimer, aber geläuterter Kenner der „anderen“ Seite zu profilieren. Dabei sind seine Ausführungen geprägt von orientalistischen, exotistischen und christlich-zionistischen Deutungsmustern.
Moderate physical activity and higher frequency are inversely associated with incidence of frailty in middle-aged and older population: a 4-year longitudinal study in Europe
Authors: Qiu Fanji , Yu Yichao , Li Jinfeng
Published: October 2024

Background

Global aging is leading to an increase in frailty patients, and physical activity (PA) may have an impact on frail in middle-aged and older population. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the frequency of different PA intensities and the incidence and prevalence of frailty in middle-aged and older adults based on the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE).

Method

Self-reported questionnaires were used to obtain information on demographics and PA, and frailty was assessed using the SHARE Frailty Instrument (SHARE-FI). Cox regression and logistic regression models were used to explore the association between PA and frailty and stratified according to middle or old age.

Results

Among 6315 baseline non-frail participants aged 44–96 years, 16.1% developed frailty over 4 years, with higher incidence and prevalence in women (P < 0.05). Women accounting for 55.80% of the sample. The frequency of participants participating in sports decreased over 4 years (P < 0.05). Compared with participants who engaged in PA more than once a week, participants who engaged in moderated PA less frequently had a higher risk of new-onset frailty (HR: 3.174–6.115), and participants who engaged in vigorous PA 1–3 times a month had a higher risk of new-onset frailty (HR: 1.335). Participation in low-frequency moderate PA and vigorous PA 1–3 times per month were positively associated with the prevalence of frailty (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Physical activity frequency decreases with age in middle-aged and older adults. Those adults who engage in moderate PA more than once a week have a lower risk of incidence of frailty, compared to those with more sedentary life-styles. Additionally, women need to pay more attention to frailty management.
Exploring research topics and trends in early childhood education using structural topic modeling
Authors: Methlagl Michael , Taslimi Natascha J. , Rudloff Christian , Majcen Jutta
Published: October 2024

Early childhood education plays a key role in fostering child development and preparing children for school and life. The aim of the present paper is to give an overview of research topics in early childhood education research based on the analysis of 39,926 scientific articles published between 2000 and 2021 and to explore research trends over time. Therefore, a structural topic modelling approach was used. The analyses show a strong increase in publication activity over the last years as well as the diversity of research topics, which provide important insights for achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals in various areas (cultural diversity, design of inclusive learning environments, educational institutions, professional development issues, educational policy and reforms, etc.). Beside topics like cultural diversity, and inclusive learning environments more specific research topics, for example self-regulation, executive functions, numeracy, language development and physical activity have been increasingly addressed in publications over the years.
New evidence on the income convergence among OECD countries
Authors: Yucel Ali , Moore Landon , Khadka Pawonee , Lee Junsoo
Published: October 2024

This paper illustrates the importance of accounting for cross-correlations among panel data sets in examining stationarity. Strazicich et al. (2004) utilized the LM unit root tests with two trend shifts to examine the income convergence among twenty-one OECD countries. We revisit their analysis using a more recent dataset and two novel unit root tests that account for cross-correlations in the errors. Our study reveals that incorporating common factors yields different results from models neglecting them. Our findings show no significant evidence of stochastic income convergence among the OECD countries from 1870 to 2022. Recent studies show that failing to control for cross-correlation can lead to bias in panel estimation. A similar issue applies to unit root tests commonly used to examine convergence and integration effects.
Exploring knowledge and uses of Moringa oleifera and understanding its cultivation constraints and proposed solutions: a case from Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md. Abiar , Das Ashim Kumar , Sultana Sharmin , Khan Sabia , Das Chinmoy , Paul Mithun , Current Dean
Published: October 2024

Multipurpose trees, like the moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.), have become extremely popular in an attempt to reduce food, nutritional, and economic instability. The significant benefits of moringa’s leaves, pods, seeds, roots, and flowers are used in a wide range of commercial fields, including medicine, cosmetics, food, animal feed, water purification, and more. We applied a questionnaire-based survey to reveal the uses, problems and solutions related to the knowledge, uses and constraints of moringa in the region of Chapainawabganj and Kushtia districts in Bangladesh. Including the easiest propagation process and the lowest cultivation costs, year-round flowering, and production provide moringa with a wide window of opportunity. Besides using regular pruning of moringa branches, respondents make trees bushy to increase fruit and leaf production. Respondents from both regions opined that moringa has a good market value, increases family income, increases opportunity for fallow land utilization, enhances employment opportunities, and is known as a nutritive and multipurpose tree. We were pleased to find that moringa output regularly exceeded previous production records in Bangladesh from 2014–16 to 2020–21. Furthermore, our survey shows that a 5-year-old moringa tree provides a satisfactory yield per season with its high market price and demand. Despite the extensive use of moringa fruits and leaves by respondents, its commercial potential remains largely undeveloped and unknown to them. Constraints like limited scientific knowledge and technological infrastructure are the reasons why the elusive potential of moringa in Bangladesh persists. There is ample opportunity to enhance moringa production via effective management techniques, which will satisfy community demand and create market opportunities both locally and internationally. As a result, smallholder farmers’ livelihoods and food and nutritional security can be improved.
Impact of asymptomatic detection of non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses on pediatric cardiac surgical outcomes
Authors: Fischer Laura J. , Castera Mark , Chin Hannah , Lee Junghyae , Simonsen Kari A.
Published: October 2024

Preoperative nasopharyngeal viral screening may reduce clinical uncertainty of upper respiratory infections prior to pediatric cardiac surgery but with unclear benefit. From March 2018 to March 2020, patients aged <3 years were screened for respiratory viruses and had substantial rates of viral detection (40%) but no observed differences in outcomes.