bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ELLIPTICITIES OF ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Chen Cheng-Yu , Hwang Chorng-Yuan , Ko Chung-Ming
Published: October 2016

We studied the ellipticity distributions of elliptical galaxies in different environments. From the ninth data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we selected galaxies with absolute

-band magnitudes between −21 and −22. We used the volume number densities of galaxies as the criterion for selecting the environments of the galaxies. Our samples were divided into three groups with different volume number densities. The ellipticity distributions of the elliptical galaxies differed considerably in these three groups of different density regions. We deprojected the observed 2D ellipticity distributions into intrinsic 3D shape distributions, and the result showed that the shapes of the elliptical galaxies were relatively spherically symmetric in the high density region (HDR) and that relatively more flat galaxies were present in the low density region (LDR). This suggests that the ellipticals in the HDRs and LDRs have different origins or that different mechanisms might be involved. The elliptical galaxies in the LDR are likely to have evolved from mergers in relatively anisotropic structures, such as filaments and webs, and might contain information on the anisotropic spatial distribution of their parent mergers. By contrast, elliptical galaxies in the HDR might be formed in more isotropic structures, such as galaxy clusters, or they might encounter more torqueing effects compared with galaxies in LDRs, thereby becoming rounder.
A LOW-MASS BLACK HOLE IN THE NEARBY SEYFERT GALAXY UGC 06728
Authors: Bentz Misty C. , Batiste Merida , Seals James , Garcia Karen , Naray Rachel Kuzio de , Peters Wesley , Anderson Matthew D. , Jones Jeremy , Lester Kathryn , Machuca Camilo , Parks J. Robert , Pope Crystal L. , Revalski Mitchell , Roberts Caroline A. , Saylor Dicy , Sevrinsky R. Andrew , Turner Clay
Published: October 2016

We present the results of a recent reverberation mapping campaign for UGC 06728, a nearby low-luminosity Seyfert 1 in a late-type galaxy. Nightly monitoring in the spring of 2015 allowed us to determine an Hβ time delay of

days. Combined with the width of the variable Hβ line profile, we determine a black hole mass of

. We also constrain the bulge stellar velocity dispersion from higher-resolution long-slit spectroscopy along the galaxy minor axis and find

km s−1. The measurements presented here are in good agreement with both the

relationship and the

relationship for active galactic nuclei. Combined with a previously published spin measurement, our mass determination for UGC 06728 makes it the lowest-mass black hole that has been fully characterized, and thus an important object to help anchor the low-mass end of black hole evolutionary models.
GALAXY THREE-POINT CORRELATION FUNCTIONS AND HALO/SUBHALO MODELS
Authors: Guo Hong , Zheng Zheng , Behroozi Peter S. , Zehavi Idit , Comparat Johan , Favole Ginevra , Gottlöber Stefan , Klypin Anatoly , Prada Francisco , Rodríguez-Torres Sergio A. , Weinberg David H. , Yepes Gustavo
Published: October 2016

We present measurements of the luminosity-dependent redshift-space three-point correlation functions (3PCFs) for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 Main galaxy sample. We compare the 3PCF measurements to the predictions from three different halo and subhalo models. One is the halo occupation distribution (HOD) model and the other two are extensions of the subhalo abundance matching model by allowing the central and satellite galaxies to have different occupation distributions in the host halos and subhalos. Parameters in all the models are chosen to best describe the projected and redshift-space two-point correlation functions (2PCFs) of the same set of galaxies. All three model predictions agree well with the 3PCF measurements for the most luminous galaxy sample, while the HOD model better performs in matching the 3PCFs of fainter samples (with luminosity threshold below L*), which is similar in trend to the case of fitting the 2PCFs. The decomposition of the model 3PCFs into contributions from different types of galaxy triplets shows that on small scales the dependence of the 3PCFs on triangle shape is driven by nonlinear redshift-space distortion (and not by the intrinsic halo shape) while on large scales it reflects the filamentary structure. The decomposition also reveals more detailed differences in the three models, which are related to the radial distribution, the mean occupation function, and the velocity distribution of satellite galaxies inside halos. The results suggest that galaxy 3PCFs can further help constrain the above galaxy–halo relation and test theoretical models.
THE EFFECTS OF ACCRETION FLOW DYNAMICS ON THE BLACK HOLE SHADOW OF SAGITTARIUS A*
Authors: Pu Hung-Yi , Akiyama Kazunori , Asada Keiichi
Published: October 2016

A radiatively inefficient accretion flow (RIAF), which is commonly characterized by its sub-Keplerian nature, is a favored accretion model for the supermassive black hole at the Galactic center, Sagittarius A*. To investigate the observable features of an RIAF, we compare the modeled shadow images, visibilities, and spectra of three flow models with dynamics characterized by (i) a Keplerian shell that is rigidly rotating outside the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) and infalling with a constant angular momentum inside ISCO, (ii) a sub-Keplerian motion, and (iii) a free-falling motion with zero angular momentum at infinity. At near-millimeter wavelengths, the emission is dominated by the flow within several Schwarzschild radii. The energy shift due to these flow dynamics becomes important and distinguishable, suggesting that the flow dynamics are an important model parameter for interpreting the millimeter/sub-millimeter very long baseline interferometric observations with the forthcoming, fully assembled Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). As an example, we demonstrate that structural variations of Sagittarius A* on event horizon-scales detected in previous EHT observations can be explained by the non-stationary dynamics of an RIAF.
SUNSPOT SIZES AND THE SOLAR CYCLE: ANALYSIS USING KODAIKANAL WHITE-LIGHT DIGITIZED DATA
Authors: Mandal Sudip , Banerjee Dipankar
Published: October 2016

Sizes of the sunspots vary widely during the progression of a solar cycle. Long-term variation studies of different sunspot sizes are key to better understand the underlying process of sunspot formation and their connection to the solar dynamo. The Kodaikanal white-light digitized archive provides daily sunspot observations for a period of 90 years (1921–2011). Using different size criteria on the detected individual sunspots, we have generated yearly averaged sunspot area time series for the full Sun as well as for the individual hemispheres. In this Letter, we have used the sunspot area values instead of sunspot numbers used in earlier studies. Analysis of these different time series show that different properties of the sunspot cycles depend on the sunspot sizes. The “odd–even rule” double peaks during the cycle maxima and the long-term periodicities in the area data are found to be present for specific sunspot sizes and are absent or not so prominent in other size ranges. Apart from that, we also find a range of periodicities in the asymmetry index that have a dependency on the sunspot sizes. These statistical differences in the different size ranges may indicate that a complex dynamo action is responsible for the generation and dynamics of sunspots with different sizes.
THE FINAL FATES OF ACCRETING SUPERMASSIVE STARS
Authors: Umeda Hideyuki , Hosokawa Takashi , Omukai Kazuyuki , Yoshida Naoki
Published: October 2016

The formation of supermassive stars (SMSs) via rapid mass accretion and their direct collapse into black holes (BHs) is a promising pathway for sowing seeds of supermassive BHs in the early universe. We calculate the evolution of rapidly accreting SMSs by solving the stellar structure equations including nuclear burning as well as general relativistic (GR) effects up to the onset of the collapse. We find that such SMSs have a less concentrated structure than a fully convective counterpart, which is often postulated for non-accreting ones. This effect stabilizes the stars against GR instability even above the classical upper mass limit ≳105 M
⊙  derived for the fully convective stars. The accreting SMS begins to collapse at the higher mass with the higher accretion rate. The collapse occurs when the nuclear fuel is exhausted only for cases with

. With

, the star becomes GR unstable during the helium-burning stage at M ≃ 2–3.5 × 105 M
⊙. In an extreme case with 10 

, the star does not collapse until the mass reaches ≃8.0 × 105 M
⊙, where it is still in the hydrogen-burning stage. We expect that BHs with roughly the same mass will be left behind after the collapse in all the cases.
EVIDENCE OF ONGOING RADIAL MIGRATION IN NGC 6754: AZIMUTHAL VARIATIONS OF THE GAS PROPERTIES
Authors: Sánchez-Menguiano L. , Sánchez S. F. , Kawata D. , Chemin L. , Pérez I. , Ruiz-Lara T. , Sánchez-Blázquez P. , Galbany L. , Anderson J. P. , Grand R. J. J. , Minchev I. , Gómez F. A.
Published: October 2016

Understanding the nature of spiral structure in disk galaxies is one of the main, and still unsolved, questions in galactic astronomy. However, theoretical works are proposing new testable predictions whose detection is becoming feasible with recent development in instrumentation. In particular, streaming motions along spiral arms are expected to induce azimuthal variations in the chemical composition of a galaxy at a given galactic radius. In this Letter, we analyze the gas content in NGC 6754 with VLT/MUSE data to characterize its 2D chemical composition and Hα line of sight velocity distribution. We find that the trailing (leading) edge of the NGC 6754 spiral arms show signatures of tangentially slower, radially outward (tangentially faster, radially inward) streaming motions of metal-rich (poor) gas over a large range of radii. These results show direct evidence of gas radial migration for the first time. We compare our results with the gas behavior in an N-body disk simulation showing spiral morphological features rotating with a similar speed as the gas at every radius, in good agreement with the observed trend. This indicates that the spiral arm features in NGC 6754 may be transient and rotate similarly as the gas does at a large range of radii.
Un rapprochement du Secrétariat général du gouvernement et du Secrétariat général des affaires européennes ? Perspectives d’évolution de la coordination interministerielle française
Authors: Marin Alexandre
Published: October 2016

Résumé Cet article revient sur le modèle français de coordination en matière européenne, ses évolutions et perspectives. Centralisé auprès du Premier ministre, le processus repose sur la formation, aidée par les fonctionnaires du SGAE, de compromis interministériels. Systématisé et standardisé, il se distingue de celui en vigueur pour les sujets internes, qui repose à la fois sur le SGG et le cabinet du Premier ministre. S’il incombe principalement aux ministères sectoriels d’intégrer les approches internes et européennes, une telle exigence ne semble pas exister au niveau central. Aussi, des liens SGG-SGAE ont dû être créés, qui peuvent être renforcés et posent in fine la question du rapprochement des deux structures.
Défendre l’intérêt, promouvoir l’influence : les administrations nationales dans la construction de l’expertise européenne
Authors: Robert Cécile
Published: October 2016

Résumé L’article analyse comment les États membres contribuent à la construction de l’expertise européenne. Les groupes de la Commission européenne dans lesquels siègent les experts des administrations nationales peuvent constituer des lieux décisifs d’influence, d’un bout à l’autre du processus de formulation de l’action publique. La capacité des administrations nationales à les investir et à orienter leurs débats est toutefois fortement contrainte, du fait de leur propre déficit en moyens humains et en raison du fonctionnement de ces instances. Ces difficultés participent de – et à – la fragmentation du processus décisionnel européen et l’influence croissante de l’expertise issue du secteur privé.
L’élaboration des positions nationales dans le cadre du semestre européen
Authors: de La Rosa Stéphane
Published: October 2016

Résumé Le semestre européen est généralement considéré comme un instrument établissant une coordination renforcée des politiques économiques nationales. Compte tenu de ses caractéristiques et sa relation avec le respect des exigences budgétaires, il introduit un changement dans la pratique de la coordination. Cette évolution peut être appréciée au regard de la nature de la coordination qui intervient entre l’Union européenne et ses États membres dans ce processus, mais aussi à travers la pratique de la coordination dans l’élaboration des politiques économiques et sociales nationales qui relèvent de son champ d’application. Cet article étudie ces évolutions substantielles et met en évidence les conséquences de la coordination économique dans l’élaboration des positions nationales, en soulignant leur centralisation croissante, à la fois au niveau du ministère français des finances (Direction du Trésor) et au niveau du SGAE.
La better regulation entre coordination européenne et relations triangulaires : OCDE, États membres et Union européenne
Authors: Hadjiisky Magdaléna
Published: October 2016

Résumé La présence de l’Union européenne à l’OCDE permet d’étudier la coordination européenne en contexte multilatéral. À l’instar des États membres, l’Union européenne dispose d’une Représentation permanente auprès de l’OCDE ; les agents de la Commission européenne sont invités aux Comités et Réseaux formant l’ossature de l’OCDE. Fondée sur une analyse documentaire et sur une série d’entretiens avec les acteurs engagés dans la réforme de la politique de la réglementation ( better regulation ), notre analyse montre comment, dans certains domaines, la coordination institutionnelle peut céder le pas devant des jeux triangulaires d’acteurs nationaux et internationaux traçant les contours d’une diplomatie de l’« influence ».
La « Modernisation de l’action publique » en question
Authors: Chevallier Jacques
Published: October 2016

Résumé Lancée après 2012, la politique de « Modernisation de l’action publique » (MAP) entendait se démarquer, par ses méthodes et par ses orientations, de la « Révision générale des politiques publiques » précédemment entreprise. Passant par plusieurs étapes successives, elle a connu une série d’inflexions concernant tant son pilotage que ses priorités. Si elles ne sont pas négligeables, les innovations qu’elle comporte se situent cependant dans une large mesure dans le prolongement de ce qui avait été déjà engagé.
A Compact Autonomous Underwater Vehicle With Cephalopod-Inspired Propulsion
Authors: Song Zhuoyuan , Mazzola Cameron , Schwartz Eric , Chen Ruirong , Finlaw Julian , Krieg Mike , Mohseni Kamran
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn this paper, a bioinspired, compact, cost-effective autonomous underwater vehicle system is presented. Designed to operate in a heterogeneous, multivehicle collaboration hierarchy, the presented vehicle design features 3D printing technology to enable fast fabrication with a complex internal structure. Similar to a previous vehicle prototype, this system generates propulsive forces by expelling unsteady, pulsed jets, inspired by the locomotion of cephalopods and jellyfish. The novel thrusters enable the vehicle to be fully actuated in horizontal plane motions, without sacrificing the low-forward-drag, slender vehicle profile. By successively ingesting water and expelling finite water jets, periodic actuation forces are generated at all possible vehicle velocities, eliminating the need for control surfaces used in many conventional underwater vehicle designs. A semiactive buoyancy control system, inspired by the nautilus, adjusts the vehicle depth by passively allowing water flowing into and actively expelling water out of an internal bladder. A compact embedded system is developed to achieve the control and sensing capabilities necessary for multiagent interactions with the minimum required processing power and at a low energy cost. The new vehicle design also showcases an underwater optical communication system for short-range, high-speed data transmission, supplementing the conventional acoustic communication system. Experimental results show that, with the thruster motors powered at a 60% duty-cycle, the new vehicle is able to achieve a 1/4 zero-radius turn in 3.5 s and one-body-width sway translation in 2.5 s.
RAGE Enhances TLR Responses through Binding and Internalization of RNA
Authors: Bertheloot Damien , Naumovski Allison L. , Langhoff Pia , Horvath Gabor L. , Jin Tengchuan , Xiao Tsan Sam , Garbi Natalio , Agrawal Sudhir , Kolbeck Roland , Latz Eicke
Published: October 2016

Nucleic acid recognition is an important mechanism that enables the innate immune system to detect microbial infection and tissue damage. To minimize the recognition of self-derived nucleic acids, all nucleic acid–sensing signaling receptors are sequestered away from the cell surface and are activated in the cytoplasm or in endosomes. Nucleic acid sensing in endosomes relies on members of the TLR family. The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) was recently shown to bind DNA at the cell surface, facilitating DNA internalization and subsequent recognition by TLR9. In this article, we show that RAGE binds RNA molecules in a sequence-independent manner and enhances cellular RNA uptake into endosomes. Gain- and loss-of-function studies demonstrate that RAGE increases the sensitivity of all ssRNA-sensing TLRs (TLR7, TLR8, TLR13), suggesting that RAGE is an integral part of the endosomal nucleic acid–sensing system.
mTOR Signaling Regulates Protective Activity of Transferred CD4+Foxp3+ T Cells in Repair of Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Chen Guochun , Dong Zheng , Liu Hong , Liu Yu , Duan Shaobin , Liu Yinghong , Liu Fuyou , Chen Huihui
Published: October 2016

CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are required for normal immune homeostasis. Recent studies suggested that Treg transfer facilitates recovery from acute kidney injury (AKI), but the molecular events that maintain Treg function after adoptive transfer remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in the Treg-mediated therapeutic effect on ischemic AKI. We noted significant Treg expansion in C57BL/6 mouse kidney, with enhanced immunosuppressive capacity after renal ischemia/reperfusion. mTOR inhibition significantly increased the frequency of Tregs in cultured CD4+ T cells, with enhanced production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, which, conversely, was reduced by mTOR activation. Rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR, was transiently administered to C57BL/6 mice before ischemia/reperfusion surgery. No beneficial effect of rapamycin treatment was seen in the early recovery of AKI as a result of its inhibitory effect on tubular regeneration. However, rapamycin markedly enhanced the expansion of kidney Tregs, with increased mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Adoptive transfer of rapamycin-treated Tregs markedly suppressed conventional T cells, responder myeloid cells, and reactive myofibroblasts; however, it promoted host Tregs and alternative macrophages, leading to better renal function and less kidney fibrosis. Taken together, Treg transfer with mTOR inhibition markedly improves outcomes of ischemic AKI. These findings reveal an important role for mTOR signaling in maintaining Treg activity after adoptive transfer and highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting Tregs in acute and chronic kidney disease.
Discrete TCR Binding Kinetics Control Invariant NKT Cell Selection and Central Priming
Authors: Cruz Tleugabulova Mayra , Escalante Nichole K. , Deng Shenglou , Fieve Stephanie , Ereño-Orbea June , Savage Paul B. , Julien Jean-Philippe , Mallevaey Thierry
Published: October 2016

Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells develop and differentiate in the thymus, segregating into iNKT1/2/17 subsets akin to Th1/2/17 classical CD4+ T cells; however, iNKT TCRs recognize Ags in a fundamentally different way. How the biophysical parameters of iNKT TCRs influence signal strength in vivo and how such signals affect the development and differentiation of these cells are unknown. In this study, we manipulated TCRs in vivo to generate clonotypic iNKT cells using TCR retrogenic chimeras. We report that the biophysical properties of CD1d–lipid–TCR interactions differentially impacted the development and effector differentiation of iNKT cells. Whereas selection efficiency strongly correlated with TCR avidity, TCR signaling, cell–cell conjugate formation, and iNKT effector differentiation correlated with the half-life of CD1d–lipid–TCR interactions. TCR binding properties, however, did not modulate Ag-induced iNKT cytokine production. Our work establishes that discrete TCR interaction kinetics influence iNKT cell development and central priming.
A supply chain model for the South African recording industry
Authors: De Wet P. W.C. , Steyn M. M.
Published: October 2016

The way companies manage and integrate their business operations is undergoing various dramatic changes. Businesses are competing globally, and traditional barriers between industries are breaking down. One way of coping with the rapidly changing marketplace, remaining competitive and achieving superior performance, is for business leaders to move towards new business paradigms that allow their companies to work more closely together with their traditional and new business partners (including all clients and suppliers up and down the supply chain). The objective of this article is to document the players and processes of the current South African recording industry, and to consider a supply chain model where all non-core business activities are outsourced to an integrated third-party supply chain management partner.
The entrenchment strategy of logistics service providers: Towards a sequential cooperation-competition process?
Authors: Paché Gilles , Medina Pablo
Published: October 2016

The logistics industry has been attracting the attention of researchers in management for several years. Their focus is increasingly on interorganisational relationships between logistics service providers and their customers, examining the modes of interaction occurring between them. An abundant literature emphasises the importance of cooperative strategies in the logistics industry, hinting that this is a dominant requirement, destined for inevitable development. This article presents a more qualified position and proposes that cooperative strategies are most likely a transition step between arm’s-length competition periods, and resorts to the entrenchment theory, imported from organisational finance, to propose a sequential cooperation-competition model.
A decision-support system for improving road transportation performance in Gauteng, South Africa: Developing a data acquisitioning system
Authors: Backeberg Georg H.
Published: October 2016

This research describes how the systems approach can be applied to implement a holistic transportation decision-support system, which will measure transportation performance at the highest level and enable decision-making with respect to possible improvements. The research starts with the creation of a framework of the process to be followed. A framework of the envisioned system with existing and new elements is then created. Furthermore, a framework for management reports is proposed. Against this background, the deliverables for a project to implement the proposed data-acquisitioning system are defined. First order indications are that such a project is feasible and affordable, and can be completed to such an extent that most of the advantages are obtainable within two years.
Driver pretesting system in Zimbabwe: An analysis of impacts and perceptions
Authors: Mbara Tatenda
Published: October 2016

In pursuance of the need to curb corruption in the learner driver testing process as well as enhancing road safety by improving driving skills, the Minister of Transport and Communications in Zimbabwe announced, on 7 July 2007, a new and unique drivertesting procedure which was implemented with effect from 1 September 2007. The new system involved the introduction of a pretesting agent acting between driving schools and the driver competence-testing department. A wholly Government-owned company was given the responsibility to pretest all learner drivers before they proceeded to the final competence test. The objective of this paper is to assess the impacts of driver pretesting on pass rates as well as ascertaining stakeholder and public views and perceptions on corruption, the necessity for driver pretesting and the lessons learnt.
A case on vendor selection methodology: An integrated approach
Authors: Shil Nikhil C.
Published: October 2016

Vendor selection methodology is a highly researched area in supply chain management l terature and a very significant decision taken by supply chain managers due to technological advances in the manufacturing process. Such research has two basic dimensions: one is related to the identification of variables affecting the performance of the vendors and the other deals with the methodology to be applied. Most of the research conducted in this area deal with the upfront selection of vendors. However, it is very common to have a list of dedicated vendors due to the development of sophisticated production technologies like just in time (JIT), a lean or agile manufacturing process where continuous flow of materials is a requirement. This paper addresses the issue of selecting the optimal vendor from the internal database of a company. Factor analysis, analytical hierarchy process and regression analysis is used in an integrated way to supplement the vendor selection process. The methodology presented here is simply a proposal where every possible room for adjustment is available.
Benefits derived by a major South African retailer through collaboration and innovation within its supply chain
Authors: Dos Santos M. A.O.
Published: October 2016

Current trends in the macro-environment, such as increased obesity within human populations, the damaging impact of human activity on the natural environment, the worldwide recession and the resultant changes in consumer behaviour, are all receiving increased attention by relevant stakeholders around the world. As the negative impact of these macro-environmental trends continue to be felt, increased pressure will be placed on the business community to help mitigate their consequences. This study demonstrates how innovation and collaboration within a retailer’s supply chain enable it to profitably use some of these macro-environmental trends to create differential and competitive advantage in a saturated business sector.
A liberalised South African airline industry: Measuring airline total-factor productivity
Authors: Brits Anton
Published: October 2016

The liberalisation of the South African airline industry through economic deregulation established competitive domestic and international markets. Sustainability of air transport, subject to these liberalisation effects, depends on efficient management information such as total-factor productivity, which necessitates comprehensive financial and operational information. Total-factor productivity in general, however, is not utilised by airlines as a key performance indicator since the measuring thereof is complex and regarded as tedious. Changes in air transport total-factor productivity can be measured in two ways. First, an index approach can be adopted that shows the proportional change in the inputs in relation to a proportional change in output. Secondly, a production function can be determined (econometric approach) that shows a change of productivity as a shift in the production curve. The research on which the article is based, exploited the theory, selection and application of an appropriate approach to determine changes of total-factor productivity of an individual airline to assist/support efficient decisionmaking by management.
Passenger choice decisions at a regional airport in South Africa
Authors: Heyns Gert , Carstens Stephen
Published: October 2016

The choices made by departing air transportation passengers from multiple airport regions impact on the strategies of competing airlines, airport operators and planners and local authorities. For these stakeholders it is important to understand which determinants influence passenger decision-making. The purpose of this article is to determine the main factors which influence airport choice decisions at a regional airport in the Greater Johannesburg area in South Africa.
An analysis of perceptions and awareness of risk associated with energy pipelines in South Africa
Authors: Mbara Tatenda , Van den Berg Hugo
Published: October 2016

Worldwide, there has been a rapid growth in the use of pipelines to transport energy products. Due to the strategic nature of energy products that are transported by pipelines, the importance of risk awareness, assessment and management cannot be over-emphasised. With the risk of pipeline disruptions increasing globally, energy pipeline organisations are compelled to incorporate measures that should help to identify and address areas that can lead to energy pipeline disruptions. The incorporation of such measures for any organisation is premised on an understanding and appreciation of the risks involved. Given the strategic importance of energy pipelines, the main purpose of this paper is to establish whether the South African energy pipeline sector and the public at large appreciate the risks associated with energy pipelines. Thus, the paper seeks to ascertain awareness of the risks associated with the energy pipeline's physical environment, not only from the energy pipeline operators, but also from communities who are exposed to such risks. Data for the study was collected from energy pipeline operators and from a selected residential area in Johannesburg using both structured and unstructured questionnaires. The findings show that the corporate energy sector in South Africa is aware of risks associated with energy pipeline supply chains while the general public's awareness is very low.
Analysing the differences between theoretical and implemented supply chain strategies in selected organisations
Authors: Nel Danie J. , Badenhorst-Weiss Johanna A.
Published: October 2016

Organisations can use supply chain strategies to gain a competitive advantage for the supply chain. A competitive advantage can be achieved by means of low cost or by means of differentiation. However, organisations have to implement the correct supply chain strategy. Returns on investment can be compromised if organisations implement an incorrect supply chain strategy. The objective of the article is to analyse the differences between theoretically implied and implemented supply chain strategies within selected organisations. The differences between supply chain strategies implied by literature and those implemented by selected organisations are analysed by determining how the organisations are managing their supply chain drivers. Organisations with lean supply chains should manage their supply chain drivers to achieve efficiency, while organisations with agile supply chains should manage their supply chain drivers with responsiveness towards customers' needs in mind. Non-probability sampling was used to include 13 organisations in the research. Six organisations are implementing different supply chain strategies to what literature principles are suggesting to them based on specific supply chain characteristics. An analysis is done on how these six organisations are managing their supply chain drivers.
Skills requirements in the supply chain industry in South Africa
Authors: Heyns Gert , Luke Rose
Published: October 2016

The skills shortage in the supply chain industry in South Africa is much touted but underresearched. The research conducted attempts to identify the skills sets typically required by supply chain organisations as well as those skills areas that are the most challenging to fill, thus identifying the critical skills shortages in South Africa. The study includes benchmarking with international trends, conclusions and identification of key areas for future research.
Authentic learning for teaching reading: Foundation phase pre-service student teachers’ learning experiences of creating and using digital stories in real classrooms
Authors: Moodley Trevor , Aronstam Shelley
Published: October 2016

Teaching and learning, an evolving endeavour, is associated with many factors, with advancements in technology, playing an ever-growing role in the classroom. It is therefore important to include the use of interactive communication technologies (ICTs) in university curricula of teacher education programmes. Universities ought to be creative in advancing autonomous learning among their students by providing opportunities for integrated and rich learning experiences. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to intentionally integrate ICTs in the planning and delivery of foundation phase reading lessons. This was achieved by providing authentic learning opportunities to final year foundation phase student teachers through the provision of training in the creation of digital stories (DS), collaborating within communities of practice (COP) (peers and other relevant parties), and then using their creations in ‘real-world’ classroom contexts. The aims of this study were to explore student teachers’ perceptions and experiences of developing DS in groups with minimal formal initial input and their use of DS during foundation phase (FP) reading lessons in real-class settings during teaching practice. Data were collected via focus group interviews and participants’ reflection essays. The study’s findings indicate that the creation of their own DS provided rich, rewarding multidimensional learning experiences to student teachers. Participants reported that they found the ‘assignment’ to be of real value, since it was directly linked to classroom practice, and despite the cognitive demands of the assignment; the nature of the task nurtured, an agentic disposition towards their own learning. Participants further reported that the DS provided enthusiasm among young learners during the delivery of lessons and were of pedagogical value, despite experiencing some challenges in using DS during reading lessons. Participants were of the view that the use of DS in advancing reading and literacy holds much pedagogical promise, because it resonates with the this generation of digital natives, the present generation of learners who have been born into a world where they interact with digital technology from an early age.
Stroke mimic
Authors: Sanghvi D , Goyal C , Mani J
Published: October 2016

We present an uncommon case of clinically diagnosed window period stroke subsequently recognised on diffusion – perfusion MRI as ictal paralysis due to focal inhibitory seizures or negative motor seizures. This case highlights the importance of MRI with perfusion imaging in establishing the diagnosis of stroke mimics and avoiding unnecessary thrombolysis.
Utility and limitations of multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification technique in the detection of cytogenetic abnormalities in products of conception
Authors: Saxena D , Agarwal M , Gupta D , Agrawal S , Das V , Phadke SR
Published: October 2016

Background and Introduction:

Chromosomal abnormality is found in about half of first-trimester abortions. Karyotype is the gold standard to detect chromosomal abnormalities. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) offers advantage over karyotype in terms of lower failure rate, faster turnaround time, and much higher resolution than conventional karyotyping and found to be 98% concordant with conventional karyotype.

Aim:

We performed this study to look for the utility of MLPA in diagnosing chromosomal abnormalities in first-trimester abortions.

Materials and Methods:

MLPA using subtelomeric SALSA probe sets (P036 and P070) was used to detect cytogenetic abnormalities in products of conception in missed/spontaneous abortions.

Results:

A total of ninety abortus samples were analyzed by MLPA. Successful results were provided in (67) 74.4% of the cases while no conclusion could be drawn in 25.6% (23) of the cases. Fifty-five (82.1%) cases were cytogenetically normal and 17.9% (12) had some abnormality. Aneuploidy was detected in 8 (66.7%) cases, 3 (25%) had double-segment imbalance, and one (8.3%) had partial aneuploidy.

Conclusion:

We suggest that MLPA is a good substitute to traditional karyotype.
Возмущения самосопряженных и нормальных операторов с дискретным спектром
Authors: Shkalikov Andrei Andreevich
Published: October 2016

В статье изучаются спектральные свойства операторов вида $A=T+B$, где $B$ - несимметрический оператор, подчиненный самосопряженному или нормальному оператору $T$. Приводятся определения различных видов возмущений относительно оператора $T$: вполне подчиненные, подчиненные с порядком $p<1$, локально подчиненные. Аналоги таких видов возмущений рассматриваются также для операторов, определяемых квадратичными формами. В случаях разных видов возмущений доказаны теоремы о сохранении свойств полноты корневых векторов операторов, о сохранении свойств базисности или безусловной базисности, о сравнении спектров операторов $T$ и $T+B$. Дается обзор работ по этой теме.
Библиография: 89 названий.
Extending flood forecasting lead time in large watershed by coupling WRF QPF with distributed hydrological model
Authors: Li Ji , Chen Yangbo , Wang Huanyu , Qin Jianming , Li Jie
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Long lead time flood forecasting is very important for large watershed flood mitigation as it provides more time for flood warning and emergency responses. Latest numerical weather forecast model could provide 1–15 days quantitative precipitation forecasting products at grid format, by coupling this product with distributed hydrological model could produce long lead time watershed flood forecasting products. This paper studied the feasibility of coupling the Liuxihe Model with the WRF QPF for a large watershed flood forecasting in southern China. The QPF of WRF products has three lead time, including 24 hour, 48 hour and 72 hour, the grid resolution is 20 km × 20 km. The Liuxihe Model is set up with freely downloaded terrain property, the model parameters were previously optimized with rain gauge observed precipitation, and re-optimized with WRF QPF. Results show that the WRF QPF has bias with the rain gauge precipitation, and a post-processing method is proposed to post process the WRF QPF products, which improves the flood forecasting capability. With model parameter re-optimization, the model's performance improves also, it suggests that the model parameters be optimized with QPF, not the rain gauge precipitation. With the increasing of lead time, the accuracy of WRF QPF decreases, so does the flood forecasting capability. Flood forecasting products produced by coupling Liuxihe Model with WRF QPF provides good reference for large watershed flood warning due to its long lead time and rational results.
INVESTIGATION OF PHOTOTRIANGULATION ACCURACY WITH USING OF VARIOUS TECHNIQUES LABORATORY AND FIELD CALIBRATION
Authors: Chibunichev A. G. , Kurkov V. M. , Smirnov A. V. , Govorov A. V. , Mikhalin V. A.
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Nowadays, aerial survey technology using aerial systems based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) becomes more popular. UAVs physically can not carry professional aerocameras. Consumer digital cameras are used instead. Such cameras usually have rolling, lamellar or global shutter. Quite often manufacturers and users of such aerial systems do not use camera calibration. In this case self-calibration techniques are used. However such approach is not confirmed by extensive theoretical and practical research. In this paper we compare results of phototriangulation based on laboratory, test-field or self-calibration. For investigations we use Zaoksky test area as an experimental field provided dense network of target and natural control points. Racurs PHOTOMOD and Agisoft PhotoScan software were used in evaluation. The results of investigations, conclusions and practical recommendations are presented in this article.
GHG AND AEROSOL EMISSION FROM FIRE PIXEL DURING CROP RESIDUE BURNING UNDER RICE AND WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEMS IN NORTH-WEST INDIA
Authors: Acharya Prasenjit , Sreekesh S. , Kulshrestha Umesh
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Emission of smoke and aerosol from open field burning of crop residue is a long-standing subject matter of atmospheric pollution. In this study, we proposed a new approach of estimating fuel load in the fire pixels and corresponding emissions of selected GHGs and aerosols i.e. CO2, CO, NO2, SO2, and total particulate matter (TPM) due to burning of crop residue under rice and wheat cropping systems in Punjab in north-west India from 2002 to 2012. In contrasts to the conventional method that uses RPR ratio to estimate the biomass, fuel load in the fire pixels was estimated as a function of enhanced vegetation index (EVI). MODIS fire products were used to detect the fire pixels during harvesting seasons of rice and wheat. Based on the field measurements, fuel load in the fire pixels were modelled as a function of average EVI using second order polynomial regression. Average EVI for rice and wheat crops that were extracted through Fourier transformation were computed from MODIS time series 16 day EVI composites. About 23 % of net shown area (NSA) during rice and 11 % during wheat harvesting seasons are affected by field burning. The computed average fuel loads are 11.32 t/ha (±17.4) during rice and 10.89 t/ha (±8.7) during wheat harvesting seasons. Calculated average total emissions of CO2, CO, NO2, SO2 and TPM were 8108.41, 657.85, 8.10, 4.10, and 133.21 Gg during rice straw burning and 6896.85, 625.09, 1.42, 1.77, and 57.55 Gg during wheat burning. Comparison of estimated values shows better agreement with the previous concurrent estimations. The method, however, shows its efficiency parallel to the conventional method of estimation of fuel load and related pollutant emissions.
A Case Report of an Osteoid Osteoma on the Bearing Surface of the Talus Treated with Arthroscopic Resection Associated with Autologous Iliac Crest Graft
Authors: Liu Hongliang , Sang Lili , Xu Shuchai , Chen Bojian
Published: October 2016

Osteoid osteomas are most likely to occur in the talar neck and can be classified as cortical, cancellous, or subperiosteal according to the position of the tumor nidus. However, cases located on the bearing surface of the talus are rare. Herein, the patient presented with an osteoid osteoma on the bearing surface of the talus and achieved good curative effects with arthroscopic resection associated with autologous iliac crest graft.
Improving Diabetes Knowledge and Self-Care Practices
Authors: Formosa Cynthia , Muscat Ryan
Published: October 2016

Background:

This study sought to identify the nature and extent of diabetes-related knowledge and self-care practices in people living with type 2 diabetes who attend primary-care clinics and to determine whether a correlation between the two exists.

Methods:

In a nonexperimental prospective study, the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire and the Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities were used to assess knowledge and self-management in 50 patients.

Results:

The mean diabetes knowledge score was 14.40 out of a total of 24 and the mean self-care activities score was 2.89 out of a total of 7, indicating a deficit in a number of key areas in the management of diabetes. There was no statistically significant correlation between diabetes knowledge score and diabetes self-care activities (r = 0.190, P = 0.187). On analysis of the individual subscales, a significant relationship resulted between diabetes knowledge score and diet (r = 0.324, P = 0.022) but physical activity (r = 0.179, P = 0.214), blood sugar testing (r = 0.231, P = 0.107) and footcare (r = 0.189, P = 0.189) gave no significant results. On further analysis, education level was significantly correlated to diabetes knowledge score (r = 0.374, P = 0.007) and self-care activities score (r = 0.317, P = 0.025) while age was significantly correlated to diabetes knowledge score (P = 0.008) and self-care activities score (P = 0.035).

Conclusions:

Integrating theories of behavior change into educational interventions at the primary-care level may translate to improved care, reduced long-term complications, and better quality of life.
Fight academic apartheid to advance equality and quality in the sciences! Europe’s Open Access Champions
Authors: Proudman Vanessa
Published: October 2016

Watch the VIDEO of the presentation.“Fight academic apartheid to advance equality and quality in the sciences!”“Stop discriminating against Open Access publications in research evaluation.”“The next generation of researchers will care less about status and more about relevance.”These are some of the voices from Europe’s rectors, vice-chancellors, professors, senior and junior researchers on what still needs to be done to achieve more Open Access.Despite seeing significant international and national Open Access policy development across Europe, both the library and academic communities are still having challenges in implementing Open Access policies on various levels. We can anticipate far more OA take-up when the research community and senior administration votes with their feet against traditional publishing practices and for new forms. In addition, these groups have the power to stabilise and strengthen the sustainability of such change by changing the way that research is currently being assessed and evaluated. It is for this reason that SPARC Europe is highlighting the importance of the people in our research communities who are helping make Open Access happen and who are speaking out for such change.SPARC Europe is doing this by bringing champions together in an online showcase, Europe’s Open Access Champions. This features a range of academics and senior administrators or champions who are making the case for Open Access amongst their peers. They are generating more momentum for more access to Europe’s research results within their research communities. They tell us why and how – in their own words – on the Europe’s Open Access Champions site.In the first instance, this presentation will share a range of complementary but also very different views from champions from various research roles, disciplines and countries. What needs to be done to change the current scholarly publishing system in their view? Where does academic integrity come in and how can more OA here potentially affect research careers / employment conditions? Above all, how can the academic community make the necessary change to the way research is currently assessed and evaluated to make OA work? The presentation will then go on to share lessons learnt by various libraries across Europe on what makes a good OA champion.To conclude, this presentation seeks to inspire the open scholarly communication community to engage more with champions from the research community who have the potential to make more rapid Open Access to Europe’s research results.