bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Case of Successful Thromboelastographic Guided Resuscitation after Postpartum Hemorrhage and Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Hurwich M. , Zimmer D. , Guerra E. , Evans E. , Shire T. , Abernathy M. , Shreve J.T. , Kolettis G.R. , McCurdy M.T. , Castellino F.J. , Walsh M.
Published: July 2023

Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is an unusual cause of life threatening peri partum hemorrhage (PPH). AFE resuscitation is often associated with renal and respiratory insufficiency, and a coagulopathy similar to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Resuscitation requires immediate recognition and limited use of crystalloid. We present a case of PPH caused by AFE with resultant cardiac arrest, renal and respiratory failure, and DIC-like coagulopathy, whose successful resuscitation was guided by perfusionist-directed serial thromboelastography (TEG). Viscoelastic tests (VET)s, including the TEG and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM), may provide more individualized blood component therapy (BCT) in the treatment of severe PPH associated with AFE as has been previously noted with trauma resuscitation in the literature. However, VET’s efficacy is often limited by a lack of standardization, quality assurance norms, and consistent operator proficiency. We suggest that there may be a role for perfusionsts adept at utilizing TEG in the optimization of BCT and adjunctive hemostatic agents in severely hemorrhagic patients. This patient’s successful resuscitation demonstrates the importance of resuscitation guided by the perfusionist or other medical professionals with expertise in TEG guided resuscitation and how the administration of specific blood products and hemostatic agents guided by the TEG can help optimize patient outcomes in comparison to traditional 1:1:1 packed red blood cells (PRBC) /fresh frozen plasma (FFP) /platelets ratios given to severely hemorrhaging patients.
Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Continuous Renal
Replacement in a Neonate with Propionic Acidemia
Authors: Gander Jeffrey W. , Rhone Erika T. , Wilson William G. , Barcia John P. , Sacco Melissa J.
Published: July 2023

The usual indications for extra corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are for
respiratory or cardiac failure. Although continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)
is frequently used when patients are on ECMO, the need for CRRT as the primary
indication for ECMO is rare. A case of a neonate placed onto veno-venous ECMO for the
use of CRRT to treat hyperammonemia from propionic acidemia is presented.
Goal-Directed Perfusion Methodology for Determining Oxygenator Performance during Clinical Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Stammers Alfred H. , Miller Randi , Francis Stephen G. , Fuzesi Laszlo , Nostro Anthony , Tesdahl Eric
Published: July 2023

New generation oxygenators incorporate arterial line filtration either sequential to, or directly in, the gas exchange module. This unique design may affect gas exchange performance by altering the operational characteristics of the device. The present study was designed to evaluate three oxygenators in a clinical setting using a goal-directed perfusion algorithm during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). After institutional review board approval, 60 adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery for acquired heart disease were matched for disease state and body size into three groups based on oxygenator type: Terumo SX18™(n= 20), Terumo FX15™(n= 20), and LivaNova Inspire6F™6 Dual (n= 20). An external arterial line filter was used with the FX15, whereas the SX18 and Inspire6F had integrated arterial filters. All perfusion, anesthetic and postoperative care management was standardized using institutional goal-directed patient management processes. Data were collected and stored according to quality improvement guidelines. There were no differences in demographics or type of surgical procedure performed among groups. The Inspire6F patients required lower fraction of inspired oxygen values as compared to the SX18 (67.9% ± 6.2% vs. 75.4% ± 6.5%,p< .005) and FX15 (79.1% ± 8.4%,p< .0001) groups. Arterial oxygen content and oxygen delivery were slightly higher in the FX15 group as compared to SX18 (13.1 ± 1.4 mL O2/dL vs. 12.4 ± 1.1 mL O2/dL, 611.1 ± 150.4 mL O2vs. 528.2 ± 102.3 mL O2,p< .05). The FX15 patients had significantly higher CPB hematocrits compared to SX18 patients (30.3% ± 3.9% vs. 27.7% ± 2.6%,p< .05), but were not different when compared to the Inspire6F group (28.8% ± 3.5%,p< .50). There were no differences in intraoperative transfusion rates, but a higher percent of patients received postoperative transfusions in the SX18 group as compared to either FX15 or Inspire6F groups (p< .039). There were no differences in postoperative morbidity or complications in any group. In conclusion, the use of the SX18 was comparable to newer generation oxygenators in regard to gas exchange performance and the degree of hemodilution.
In Vitro Evaluation of the Fresenius Kabi CATSmart Autotransfusion System
Authors: Alberts Melissa , Groom Robert C. , Walczak Richard , Kramer Robert , Karpiel Adrienne , Dieter Jeanette , Sheth Lisa , Greene Nathaniel H. , Jooste Edmund H.
Published: July 2023

Use of autotransfusion systems to collect, wash, and concentrate shed blood during surgical procedures is a widely used method for reducing postoperative anemia and the need for blood transfusions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the CATSmart Continuous Autotransfusion System wash program performance with small (200 or 700 mL) and large volumes (1,000 mL) of shed blood and to determine non-inferiority of the CATSmart to the C.A.T.Splussystem. Human whole blood was collected in citrate phosphate dextrose, diluted, and divided into two aliquots to be processed as a pair using the C.A.T.Splusand CATSmart systems with their corresponding wash programs: low-volume, high quality/smart, or emergency wash. Final packed red cell product was analyzed for red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell, and platelet counts; hemoglobin; hemolysis; RBC recovery rates; and elimination of albumin, total protein, and potassium. The mean hematocrit (HCT) after processing with CATSmart and C.A.T.Splussystems were 59.63% and 57.71%, respectively. The calculated overall RBC recovery rates on the CATSmart and C.A.T.Splussystems were 85.41% and 84.99%, respectively. Elimination of albumin (97.5%, 98.0%), total proteins (97.1%, 97.5%), and potassium (92.1%, 91.9%) were also calculated for the CATSmart and C.A.T.Splussystems. The CATSmart and C.A.T.Splussystems both provided a high-quality product in terms of HCT, protein elimination, and hemolysis rates across the range of tested shed blood volumes and all wash programs. The study was able to confirm the CATSmart is non-inferior to the C.A.T.Splussystem.
Urothelkarzinom
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: July 2023

Mit dem Einzug der immunonkologischen Substanzen in die Behandlung urologischer Entitäten wurden auch beim Urothelkarzinom neue Standards gesetzt. Beim diesjährigen ASCO Genitourinary Cancers Symposium (ASCO GU) konnten wichtige Studienergebnisse mit längeren Nachbeobachtungszeiten bestätigt werden.
Fortgeschrittenes malignes Melanom
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: July 2023

Der Erfolg einer Immuntherapie hängt zum einen von genetischen Faktoren ab und zum anderen vom Exposom, also nichtgenetischen, endogenen und exogenen Umweltfaktoren. Diese Einflussfaktoren können immunmodulierend wirken und das proinflammatorische Milieu unterschiedlich beeinflussen. Ein klinisch relevantes Beispiel hierfür gab kürzlich eine dänische Studiengruppe. Sie konnte zeigen, dass Patienten mit fortgeschrittenem malignem Melanom abhängig vom Zeitpunkt des Therapiebeginns unterschiedlich auf eine PD-1-Blockade ansprachen.
Darmkrebs bei jungen Menschen
Authors: Bubenzer Rainer H.
Published: July 2023

Jedes Jahr erkranken in Deutschland nahezu 16 500 junge Männer und Frauen im Alter von 18–39 Jahren. Darmtumoren bei jungen Erwachsenen befinden sich auf Platz 5 der Krebsinzidenzen (6,2 % Männer) beziehungsweise auf Platz 6 (4,4 % Frauen). Die Deutsche Stiftung für junge Erwachsene mit Krebs will die Darmkrebsforschung in Deutschland fördern und informierte in einer Pressekonferenz über Möglichkeiten, die versorgungsrelevanten Wissenslücken zu schließen.
Neuroendokrine Tumoren
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: July 2023

Zur Behandlung gastrointestinaler neuroendokriner Tumoren (NET) sind 2 Formulierungen des synthetischen Somatostatin-Analogons Octreotid erhältlich: schnell freigesetzte und Retardpräparate (IR und LAR). LAR sind eine nutzerfreundliche Alternative, aber können nicht dauerhaft und konsistent die Somatostatin-Rezeptoren sättigen. Durchbruchsymptome sollen mit IR aufgefangen werden. Die retrospektive Studie von Cheng et al. zeigt, dass LAR häufig in einer Dosis über den Empfehlungen und IR zu selten verabreicht wurden.
Palliativmedizin
Authors: Eimer Martina
Published: July 2023

Opioide sind für den Einsatz starker Schmerzen zugelassen, jedoch sollten Opioide nicht unkritisch indiziert werden. Das gilt auch nach Ansicht der Experten für den Einsatz von Cannabis beim Symposium „State of the Art-Betäubungsmittel in der Palliativmedizin“ im Rahmen des 63. Kongresses der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin (DGP).
Frühes Bronchialkarzinom
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: July 2023

Das 5-Jahres-Überleben bei Bronchialkarzinomen liegt im Stadium I bei bis zu 70 % und fällt bei fortgeschrittenen Tumoren auf unter 10 %. Weil konventionelle Biomarker zur Frühdiagnostik wenig zuverlässig sind, entwickelte die Studiengruppe um Inagaki et al. ein Modell zur Ermittlung des Mikro-RNA-Profils, das in einer Validierungskohorte hohe diagnostische Güte hatte.
Psychische Vorerkrankungen und Depressivität in der 2. Welle
der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie in Deutschland – Die Rolle pandemieassoziierter
Stressoren
Authors: Markert Jenny , Niemann Jana , Starke Dagmar , Frese Thomas , Meyer Gabriele , Mikolajczyk Rafael , Schildmann Jan , Steckelberg Anke , Knöchelmann Anja
Published: July 2023

Die 2. Welle der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie war durch einschneidende Maßnahmen
gekennzeichnet. Aus vorherigen Pandemien sowie der 1. Welle ist bekannt, dass
dabei gerade Personen mit einer psychischen Vorbelastung vulnerabel für
einen schlechten psychischen Gesundheitszustand sein können. Der Beitrag
untersucht daher den Zusammenhang zwischen psychischen Störungen vor
Pandemiebeginn (PSV) und Depressivität in der 2. Welle, unter
Berücksichtigung allgemeiner Stressbelastungen, Belastung durch
Isolation, der subjektiven Sinnhaftigkeit politischer Maßnahmen und
erlebten Einschränkung sowie Angst vor den Pandemiefolgen und
Veränderung der Arbeits- und Einkommensituation. Grundlage der
Querschnittsanalyse bilden Daten von 812 Befragten der Health Related Beliefs
and Health Care Experiences in Germany-Studie (HeReCa). Der Zusammenhang
zwischen PSV und Depressivität wurde mittels für Bildung und
Alter gewichteter logistischer Regression adjustiert für genannte
Kovariablen sowie soziodemographische Charakteristiken untersucht. Personen mit
PSV gaben signifikant häufiger stärkere Depressivität an
als Personen ohne (OR: 25,1; 95-% KI: 11,0-57,3). Dieser Zusammenhang
verringerte sich zum Teil u.a. durch die Hinzunahme erhöhter allgemeiner
Stressbelastungen und Belastung durch Isolation. Fehlende Partnerschaft,
geringes Haushaltseinkommen und männliches Geschlecht waren dabei mit
der stärkeren Depressivität assoziiert, änderten den
Zusammenhang von PSV und Depressivität jedoch nur marginal. Insgesamt
wurde deutlich, dass während der 2. Welle der Pandemie Personen mit PSV
zur stärkeren Depressivität neigten als Personen ohne PSV. Die
Versorgung von psychischen Erkrankungen sollte daher auch in pandemischen Zeiten
gewährleistet sein und durch E-Mental-Health oder professionelle Hilfen
zur Stressbewältigung ergänzt werden.
A physics investigation on impedance matching theory in microwave absorption film. II. Problem analyses
Authors: Liu Ying , Drew Michael G. B. , Liu Yue
Published: July 2023

In Part I of this work published previously, it was proved from the transmission-line theory that impedance matching (IM) theory should be replaced by wave cancellation theory, film is different from the material, and the phase effects from interfaces should be considered in quarter wavelength theory. In this Part, it is shown that energy penetration for a film cannot be defined and IM is flawed because it cannot be proved theoretically or shown to be consistent with experimental data. The multi-absorption peaks in a film originate from wave cancellation under the constraint of energy conservation rather than from the resonances from the material.
Deep learning for optimal dispatch of automatic generation control in a wind farm
Authors: Chen Ruilin , Zhao Lei , Zhang Xiaoshun , Li Chuangzhi , Zhang Guiyuan , Xu Tian
Published: July 2023

As a wind farm participates in automatic generation control (AGC), it should trace the real-time AGC signal from the independent system operator. To achieve a high responding performance, the real-time AGC signal should be rapidly distributed to multiple wind turbines (WTs) via an optimal dispatch. It is essentially a non-linear complex optimization due to the wake effect between different WTs. To solve this problem, a deep learning is employed to rapidly generate the dispatch scheme of AGC in a wind farm. The training data of deep learning is acquired from the optimization results of different anticipated tasks by genetic algorithm. In order to guarantee a reliable on-line decision of deep learning, the error of the regulation power command is corrected via an adjustment method of rotor speed and pitch angle for each WT. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is evaluated by a wind farm compared with multiple optimization methods.
Toward an extreme-scale electronic structure system
Authors: Galvez Vallejo Jorge L. , Snowdon Calum , Stocks Ryan , Kazemian Fazeleh , Yan Yu Fiona Chuo , Seidl Christopher , Seeger Zoe , Alkan Melisa , Poole David , Westheimer Bryce M. , Basha Mehaboob , De La Pierre Marco , Rendell Alistair , Izgorodina Ekaterina I. , Gordon Mark S. , Barca Giuseppe M. J.
Published: July 2023

Electronic structure calculations have the potential to predict key matter transformations for applications of strategic technological importance, from drug discovery to material science and catalysis. However, a predictive physicochemical characterization of these processes often requires accurate quantum chemical modeling of complex molecular systems with hundreds to thousands of atoms. Due to the computationally demanding nature of electronic structure calculations and the complexity of modern high-performance computing hardware, quantum chemistry software has historically failed to operate at such large molecular scales with accuracy and speed that are useful in practice. In this paper, novel algorithms and software are presented that enable extreme-scale quantum chemistry capabilities with particular emphasis on exascale calculations. This includes the development and application of the multi-Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) library LibCChem 2.0 as part of the General Atomic and Molecular Electronic Structure System package and of the standalone Extreme-scale Electronic Structure System (EXESS), designed from the ground up for scaling on thousands of GPUs to perform high-performance accurate quantum chemistry calculations at unprecedented speed and molecular scales. Among various results, we report that the EXESS implementation enables Hartree–Fock/cc-pVDZ plus RI-MP2/cc-pVDZ/cc-pVDZ-RIFIT calculations on an ionic liquid system with 623 016 electrons and 146 592 atoms in less than 45 min using 27 600 GPUs on the Summit supercomputer with a 94.6% parallel efficiency.
CSP-IES economic dispatch strategy with generalized energy storage and a conditional value-at-risk model
Authors: Chen Wei , Lu Haonan , Wei Zhanhong
Published: July 2023

To promote the efficient use of energy storage and renewable energy consumption in the integrated energy system (IES), an economic dispatch strategy for the concentrating solar power (CSP)-IES with generalized energy storage and a conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) model is proposed. First, considering the characteristics of energy storage and distributed power supply timing, a CSP-IES configuration is established by using a CSP plant to achieve thermal decoupling of the combined heat and power unit and by defining the thermal storage system of the CSP plant and the battery as the actual energy storage. Second, the fuzzy response of the logistic function is used to optimize the time-of-use tariff to guide load shifting, and the load shifting is defined as virtual energy storage. Third, the CSP-IES economic dispatch model is established to consider the carbon emission allowance model. Finally, considering the system uncertainty, a fuzzy chance constraint is used to relax the system power balance constraint, and then the trapezoidal fuzzy number is transformed into a deterministic equivalence class, and the CVaR model is used as a risk assessment index to quantify the risk cost of the system due to uncertainty. The CSP-IES economic dispatch model with CVaR is constructed. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed optimization model are verified by comparing various scenarios.
Translation in transition
Authors: Lacruz Isabel
Published: July 2023

We provide an overview of the contributions to this
volume, elaborating on how they relate to each other and to the overall
theme.
The strange attractions of translation
Authors: Shreve Gregory M.
Published: July 2023

The complex-adaptive systems model is useful for
understanding translational behavior and cognition in a way that unites our
discipline with others (economics, biology, psychology) investigating
complex, non-linear, dynamical, and adaptive systems. We can recast some
conceptions of the development of translation expertise and the methods and
strategies of translation pedagogy using the metalanguage and concepts of
complexity theory. Donald Kiraly realized this earlier, and this article
extrapolates upon his innovative work. In particular, we examine the role of
boundary conditions and “strange attractors” in the systemic emergence of
behavioral patterns such as Halverson’s “default translations.” We examine
how introducing new attractors as “lever points” can disrupt student
translational systems and cause them to shift and settle into more
pedagogically desirable phase spaces.
The translation ambiguity disadvantage in language processing
Authors: Tokowicz Natasha
Published: July 2023

Many words can be translated in more than one way across
languages. For example, the German word Kiefer can be
translated into English as both pine and jaw. This mis-mapping of
translations across languages, known as translation
ambiguity, causes difficulty in language processing and
language learning. Here, I discuss how translation ambiguity affects
language processing in bilinguals of various proficiencies, including
individuals who were raised bilingual. I further describe an analysis aimed
at understanding how the disadvantage associated with translation ambiguity
changes with increased second language proficiency.
Early processes in reading for translation
Authors: Neveu Anne , Lacruz Isabel
Published: July 2023

Synonyms in a target language are a source of ambiguity
in translation production. This ambiguity can be quantified by the
translation entropy metric and used to assess predictions by different
models on the time course of target language activation in the translation
process. Aggregated data from several language pairs and translation
modalities reveal a correlation between translation entropy and eye tracking
metrics, providing evidence of early target language activation during
translation tasks. We examine published data from CRITT to investigate
whether this correlation remains present in the single Spanish-English
language pair. We confirm previous findings when all translation modalities
are aggregated, but present evidence that early target language activation
may vary across different translation modalities in the Spanish-English
language pair.
Investigating the electrode-electrolyte interface modelling in cochlear implants
Authors: Molaee-Ardekani Behnam , Donahue Mary J
Published: July 2023

Objective. Proposing a good electrode-electrolyte interface (EEI) model and properly identifying relevant parameters may help designing safer and more optimized auditory nerve fiber stimulation and recording in cochlear implants (CI). However, in literature, EEI model parameter values exhibit large variability. We aim to explain some root causes of this variability using the Cole model and its simpler form, the Basic RC model. Approach. We use temporal and spectral methods and fit the models to stimulation pulse voltage response (SPVR) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data. Main Results. Temporal fittings show that there are multiple sets of model parameters that provide a good fit to the SPVR data. Therefore, small methodological differences in literature may result in different model fits. While these models share similar characteristics at high frequencies >500 Hz, the SPVR fitting is blind to low frequencies, thus it cannot correctly estimate the Faradaic resistor. Similarly, the polarization capacitor and its fractional order are not estimated robustly (capacitor variations in the nano- to micro-farad range) due to limited observation of mid-range frequencies. EIS provides a good model fit down to ∼3Hz, and thus robust estimation for the polarization capacitor. At lower frequencies charge mechanisms may modify the EEI, requiring multi-compartment Cole model fitting to EIS to improve the estimation of Faradaic characteristics. Our EIS data measurements down to 0.05Hz show that a two-compartment Cole model is sufficient to explain the data. Significance. Our study describes the scope and limitation of SPVR and EIS fitting methods, by which literature variability is explained among CI EEI models. The estimation of mid-to-low-frequency characteristics of the CI EEI is not in the scope of the SPVR method. EIS provides a better fit; however, its results should not be extrapolated to unobserved frequencies where new charge transfer mechanisms may emerge at the EEI.
Abnormal diagnosis of acoustic emission pipeline working conditions based on PSO-LSTM-DAE
Authors: Sui Dongye , Lang Xianming , Lv Yuanhao
Published: July 2023

To solve the problem of difficult identification of pipeline working conditions, acoustic emission was used to extract abnormal pipeline data, and a PSO-Lstm-DAE model was proposed to classify and identify abnormal working conditions of acoustic emission pipelines. The algorithm took advantage of the timing characteristics of LSTM and the noise reduction ability of DAE and set the optimal superparameters through PSO. In this paper, four commonly used abnormal condition detection data sets were collected, and algorithm tests were carried out on the data sets and compared with other anomaly detection algorithms. The classification accuracy of the proposed PSO-LSTM-DAE model was 95.68%. The results of multiple indexes show that the PSO-LSTM-DAE model proposed in this paper has significant advantages in the diagnosis of abnormal pipeline conditions.
General criteria for a stronger notion of lineability
Authors: Fávaro Vinícius , Pellegrino Daniel , Raposo Jr. Anselmo , Ribeiro Geivison
Published: July 2023

A subset

A
A

of a vector space

X
X

is called

α
\alpha

-lineable whenever

A
A

contains, except for the null vector, a subspace of dimension

α
\alpha

. If

X
X

has a topology, then

A
A

is

α
\alpha

-spaceable if such subspace can be chosen to be closed. The vast existing literature on these topics has shown that positive results for lineability and spaceability are quite common. Recently, the stricter notions of

(
α
,
β
)

(\alpha ,\beta )

-lineability/spaceability were introduced as an attempt to shed light on more subtle issues. In this paper, among other results, we prove some general criteria for the notion of

(
α
,
β
)

(\alpha ,\beta )

-lineability/spaceability and, as applications, we extend recent results of different authors.
Invited Review Beyond parasitic convergence: unravelling the evolution of the organellar genomes in holoparasites
Authors: Sanchez-Puerta M Virginia , Ceriotti Luis F , Gatica-Soria Leonardo M , Roulet M Emilia , Garcia Laura E , Sato Hector A
Published: July 2023

Background

The molecular evolution of organellar genomes in angiosperms has been studied extensively, with some lineages, such as parasitic ones, displaying unique characteristics. Parasitism has emerged 12 times independently in angiosperm evolution. Holoparasitism is the most severe form of parasitism, and is found in ~10 % of parasitic angiosperms. Although a few holoparasitic species have been examined at the molecular level, most reports involve plastomes instead of mitogenomes. Parasitic plants establish vascular connections with their hosts through haustoria to obtain water and nutrients, which facilitates the exchange of genetic information, making them more susceptible to horizontal gene transfer (HGT). HGT is more prevalent in the mitochondria than in the chloroplast or nuclear compartments.

Scope

This review summarizes current knowledge on the plastid and mitochondrial genomes of holoparasitic angiosperms, compares the genomic features across the different lineages, and discusses their convergent evolutionary trajectories and distinctive features. We focused on Balanophoraceae (Santalales), which exhibits extraordinary traits in both their organelles.

Conclusions

Apart from morphological similarities, plastid genomes of holoparasitic plants also display other convergent features, such as rampant gene loss, biased nucleotide composition and accelerated evolutionary rates. In addition, the plastomes of Balanophoraceae have extremely low GC and gene content, and two unexpected changes in the genetic code. Limited data on the mitochondrial genomes of holoparasitic plants preclude thorough comparisons. Nonetheless, no obvious genomic features distinguish them from the mitochondria of free-living angiosperms, except for a higher incidence of HGT. HGT appears to be predominant in holoparasitic angiosperms with a long-lasting endophytic stage. Among the Balanophoraceae, mitochondrial genomes exhibit disparate evolutionary paths with notable levels of heteroplasmy in Rhopalocnemis and unprecedented levels of HGT in Lophophytum. Despite their differences, these Balanophoraceae share a multichromosomal mitogenome, a feature also found in a few free-living angiosperms.
Labour Mobility and Earnings in the Uk, 1992–2017
Authors: Postel-Vinay Fabien , Sepahsalari Alireza
Published: July 2023

We combine information from the British Household Panel Study and the United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study (also known as Understanding Society) to construct consistent time series of aggregate worker stocks, worker flows and earnings in the United Kingdom over the period 1992–2017. We propose a method to harmonise data between the British Household Panel Study and United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study, which we validate by checking the consistency of some of our headline time series with equivalent series produced from other sources, notably by the Office for National Statistics. In addition to drawing a detailed aggregate picture of the United Kingdom labour market over the past two and a half decades, we use our constructed data set to compare the impact of industry, occupation and employer tenure on wages in the United Kingdom. We find that returns to occupation tenure are substantial. All else equal, five years of occupation tenure are associated with a 3.3% increase in wages. We also find that industry tenure plays a non-negligible part in driving wage growth.
Can Moisture-Indicating Understory Plants Be Used to Predict Survivorship of Large Lodgepole Pine Trees During Severe Outbreaks of Mountain Pine Beetle?
Authors: Easton Liam , Goward Trevor
Published: July 2023

Why do some mature lodgepole pines survive mountain pine beetle outbreaks while most are killed? Here we test the hypothesis that mature trees growing in sites with vascular plant indicators of high relative soil moisture are more likely to survive mountain pine beetle outbreaks than mature trees associated with indicators of lower relative soil moisture. Working in the Clearwater Valley of south central British Columbia, we inventoried understory plants growing near large-diameter and small-diameter survivors and nonsurvivors of a mountain pine beetle outbreak in the mid-2000s. When key understory species were ranked according to their accepted soil moisture indicator value, a significant positive correlation was found between survivorship in large-diameter pine and inferred relative high soil moisture status—a finding consistent with the well-documented importance of soil moisture in the mobilization of defense compounds in lodgepole pine. We suggest that indicators of soil moisture may be useful in predicting the survival of large pine trees in future pine beetle outbreaks.

Study Implications: A recent outbreak of the mountain pine beetle resulted in unprecedented levels of lodgepole pine mortality across southern inland British Columbia. Here, we use moisture-dependent understory plants to show that large lodgepole pine trees growing in sites with high relative moisture are more likely than similar trees in drier sites to survive severe outbreaks of mountain pine beetle—a finding that may be related to a superior ability to mobilize chemical defense compounds compared with drought-stressed trees.
Healthy Immigrant Effect or Under-Detection? Examining Undiagnosed and Unrecognized Late-Life Depression for Racialized Immigrants and Nonimmigrants in Canada
Authors: Lin Shen (Lamson)
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Immigrants to Canada tend to have a lower incidence of diagnosed depression than nonimmigrants. One theory suggests that this “healthy immigrant effect (HIE)” is due to positive selection. Another school of thought argues that the medical underuse of immigrants may be the underlying reason. This unclear “immigrant paradox” is further confounded by the intersecting race–migration nexus.

Methods

This population-based study analyzed data of participants (n = 28,951, age ≥45) from the Canadian Community Health Survey (2015–2018). Multivariable logistic regression was employed to examine associations between race–migration nexus and mental health outcomes, including depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9] score ≥10).

Results

Compared to Canadian-born (CB) Whites, immigrants, regardless of race, were less likely to receive a mood/anxiety disorder diagnosis (M/A-Dx) by health providers in their lifetime. Racialized immigrants were mentally disadvantaged with increased odds of undiagnosed depression (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.76, 99% Confidence interval [CI]:1.30–2.37), whereas White immigrants were mentally healthier with decreased odds of PHQ depression (AOR=0.75, 99%CI: 0.58, 0.96) and poor self-rated mental health (AOR=0.56, 99% CI=0.33, 0.95). Among the subpopulation without a previous M/A-Dx (N = 25,203), racialized immigrants had increased odds of PHQ depression (AOR = 1.45, 99% CI: 1.15–1.82) and unrecognized depression (AOR = 1.47, 99% CI: 1.08–2.00) than CB Whites. Other risk factors for undiagnosed depression include the lack of regular care providers, emergency room as the usual source of care, and being home renters.

Discussion

Despite Canadian universal health coverage, the burden of undiagnosed depression disproportionately affects racialized (but not White) immigrants in mid to late life. Contingent on race–migration nexus, the HIE in mental health may be mainly driven by the healthier profile of White immigrants and partly attributable to the under-detection (by health professionals) and under-recognition of mental health conditions among racialized immigrants. A paradigm shift is needed to estimate late-life depression for medically underserved populations.
Basic leucine zipper gene VvbZIP61 is expressed at a quantitative trait locus for high monoterpene content in grape berries
Authors: Zhang Yuyu , Liu Cuixia , Liu Xianju , Wang Zemin , Wang Yi , Zhong Gan-yuan , Li Shaohua , Dai Zhanwu , Liang Zhenchang , Fan Peige
Published: July 2023

The widely appreciated muscat flavor of grapes and wine is mainly attributable to the monoterpenes that accumulate in ripe grape berries. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for grape berry monoterpene content, an F1 mapping population was constructed by a cross between two grapevine genotypes, one with neutral aroma berries (cv. ‘Beifeng’) and the other with a pronounced muscat aroma (elite Vitis vinifera line ‘3–34’). A high-density genetic linkage map spanning 1563.7 cM was constructed using 3332 SNP markers that were assigned to 19 linkage groups. Monoterpenes were extracted from the berry of the F1 progeny, then identified and quantified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Twelve stable QTLs associated with the amounts of 11 monoterpenes in berries were thus identified. In parallel, the levels of RNA in berries from 34 diverse cultivars were estimated by RNA sequencing and compared to the monoterpene content of the berries. The expression of five genes mapping to stable QTLs correlated well with the monoterpene content of berries. These genes, including the basic leucine zipper VvbZIP61 gene on chromosome 12, are therefore considered as potentially being involved in monoterpene metabolism. Overexpression of VvbZIP61 in Vitis amurensis callus through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation significantly increased the accumulation of several monoterpenes in the callus, including nerol, linalool, geranial, geraniol, β-myrcene, and D-limonene. It is hypothesized that VvbZIP61 expression acts to increase muscat flavor in grapes. These results advance our understanding of the genetic control of monoterpene biosynthesis in grapes and provide important information for the marker-assisted selection of aroma compounds in grape breeding.
Synergistic anti-tumour activity of ginsenoside Rg3 and doxorubicin on proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis in osteosarcoma by modulating mTOR/HIF-1α/VEGF and EMT signalling pathways
Authors: Zeng Xiangfeng , Liu Shengyao , Yang Hua , Jia Menglei , Liu Wei , Zhu Wenting
Published: July 2023

Objectives

The most common cause of osteosarcoma (OS) death is lung metastasis. Currently, doxorubicin is the primary chemotherapy drug used to treat OS, however, it is not effective in inhibiting metastasis, and it has obvious cardiotoxicity. The anticancer activity of ginsenoside Rg3 has been demonstrated in a variety of malignant tumours. The aim of this study was to determine the potential role of ginsenoside Rg3 and doxorubicin in OS and the possible mechanism.

Methods

The potential synergistic effects of ginsenoside Rg3 and doxorubicin on human osteosarcoma cells 143B and U2OS, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and mice receiving 143B xenografts and lung metastases were investigated.

Key findings

Our study demonstrated that the combination of ginsenoside Rg3 and doxorubicin significantly inhibited cell proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis in vitro. Mechanically, the anti-tumour activity of ginsenoside Rg3 and doxorubicin by modulating mTOR/HIF-1α/VEGF and EMT signalling pathways. Furthermore, ginsenoside Rg3 combined with doxorubicin inhibits tumour growth and lung metastasis in 143B-derived murine osteosarcoma models. More importantly, ginsenoside Rg3 can effectively ameliorate doxorubicin-induced weight loss and cardiotoxicity in mice.

Conclusions

Consequently, we concluded that the combination of ginsenoside Rg3 and doxorubicin displayed an evidently synergistic effect, which has the potential to be used as an effective and safe therapeutic approach for OS treatment.
What Is Women’s CBT Group for SUD?
Authors: Epstein Elizabeth E. , McCrady Barbara S.
Published: July 2023

This chapter provides an overview and a session-by-session outline of the treatment—coping skills, psychoeducation, social support, motivational enhancement, well-being, self-care, mood and emotion regulation, healthy habits, and women-specific themes. The theoretical and evidence base of cognitive behavior therapy for alcohol use disorder and substance use disorder in women is reviewed. Topics covered are motivational enhancement, decisional balance, functional analysis, changing triggers, changing behavior, dealing with cravings, and relapse prevention. Also addressed are the importance of reinforcing positive consequences of abstinence and the salience of negative consequences of drinking and drug use. Broader recovery topics for women are also discussed. The chapter reviews the female-specific aspects of the treatment and the advantages of women-only groups.
How to Use This Therapist Guide and Client Workbook
Authors: Epstein Elizabeth E. , McCrady Barbara S.
Published: July 2023

This chapter describes the structure of the treatment sessions, how to use the Client Workbook, how to teach and practice new skills in the therapy format, how to tailor the treatment to client needs, and how to use the treatment curriculum flexibly for specific settings (inpatient, outpatient, aftercare) and populations. The chapter discusses how to interface with adjunct therapies and self-help, and how to learn to deliver the program. The chapter also covers how to address clinical issues such as non-abstinence goals, specific substances of use (e.g., alcohol, opioids, marijuana), and how to adapt the program for open rolling-admissions groups versus closed groups. It describes the pre-treatment assessment (described in detail in Chapter 5) and orientation for clients before they join a rolling-admissions group. It also describes how to use an optional intervention to graph drinking/drug behavior each week to track progress.
The Initial Interview: Assessing Alcohol and Drug Use and Problems
Authors: Epstein Elizabeth E. , McCrady Barbara S.
Published: July 2023

This chapter describes the initial client interview and assessment. It provides suggestions for topics to cover in the initial clinical interview, and self-report questionnaires that may be helpful in the assessment. The assessment includes diagnosis of alcohol use disorder and substance use disorder, withdrawal risk, level of care and services required (e.g., detoxification, inpatient rehabilitation, outpatient), lifetime and recent drinking and drug patterns, motivation for change, psychological distress, psychiatric diagnoses, psychosocial functioning, and consequences of alcohol or drug use. The evaluation is conducted using a motivational enhancement approach. The assessment will help the therapist determine if this treatment program is appropriate at this time for the client and will provide information that the therapist will need to help the client stop using substances safely, address other related issues in her clinical presentation, and track her progress during treatment.
Session 2: Triggers and Behavior Chains
Authors: Epstein Elizabeth E. , McCrady Barbara S.
Published: July 2023

Session 2 includes introductions and agenda setting; check-in and review of self-monitoring and homework; update of graphs showing drinking or drug use and cravings; and planning for upcoming high-risk situations during the week. Clients learn about behavior chains, which are made up of triggers; thoughts and feelings; behavioral response (drinking or drug use); and positive and negative consequences of use. Examples are provided and the skill is practiced during session, first by using a worksheet to list each client’s triggers for drinking or drug use, and then by completing some behavior chains for particular triggers. Behavior chains set the stage for subsequent session interventions to “break the chain” and are a basic cognitive behavioral technique. Clients identify high-risk situations for the upcoming week and brainstorm strategies to cope with them. Handouts and practice worksheets are used and homework is assigned.
Session 5: Well-Being and Self-Care
Authors: Epstein Elizabeth E. , McCrady Barbara S.
Published: July 2023

Session 5 introduces the notions of psychological components (thoughts, thinking habits) and behavioral habits) components of health and well-being. For psychological self-care, exercises focus on identifying and replacing self-critical or shame-based thoughts with self-compassion thoughts. For behavioral self-care habits, clients learn to identify and track healthy behaviors they want to increase, and work to develop a more satisfying life by examining the balance between “wants” and “shoulds.” These changes are designed to support abstinence by enhancing the quality of recovery in ways that are often important to women. As in every session, the therapist is guided to deliver the material step by step, work through the handouts and practice worksheets, complete the routine interventions as well as the new skills, carry forward skills learned in previous sessions, and encourage supportive communication among group members to support positive change.
Session 8: Connecting with Others, Dealing with Alcohol/Drug-Related Thoughts
Authors: Epstein Elizabeth E. , McCrady Barbara S.
Published: July 2023

Session 8 helps clients evaluate their social network to determine if they have enough network members who support their recovery and treat them well, and if not, to brainstorm ways to enhance their social network connections going forward. The session focuses on the notion that each woman deserves to associate with people who respect her, treat her well, and are supportive and nurturing. Psychoeducation to identify healthy and unhealthy components of relationships is provided. Cognitive restructuring for alcohol- and drug-related thoughts is another skill taught and practiced in this session. As in every session, prior skills are carried forward, abstinence plans are monitored, routine interventions are delivered, and group support is encouraged.
Introduction: Welcome to the Program
Authors: Epstein Elizabeth E. , McCrady Barbara S.
Published: July 2023

This chapter introduces the basics of the Women’s Group Treatment for Substance Use Disorder program. It provides information about how this treatment can help, how to decide if someone has an alcohol or drug problem, how to define risky drinking, and why a treatment program specifically for women is important. Details are given on the program, including the types of coping skills that are taught, the structure of each session, and what participants can expect in the treatment. The goal of abstinence is also discussed. The chapter covers options and coping skills to get to abstinence, the level of care a participant may need based on the pre-treatment assessment, and how women can use this workbook.
Session 8: Connecting with Others, Dealing with Alcohol/Drug-Related Thoughts
Authors: Epstein Elizabeth E. , McCrady Barbara S.
Published: July 2023

Session 8 helps clients revisit their social network for general support and for abstinence and to add or strengthen existing social connections by choosing and spending time with people they enjoy, to whom they can turn for support and caring, who will support their abstinence, who are not toxic to them, and who will treat them well. Clients also learn how to handle their thoughts about their drinking or drug use, and skills to cope with their thoughts that might lead to alcohol or drug use. At the end of the session clients will identify upcoming high-risk situations and develop plans to cope without using alcohol or drugs. The therapist also will review homework for the upcoming week.
Session 10: Anger Management; Relapse Prevention I: Seemingly Irrelevant Decisions
Authors: Epstein Elizabeth E. , McCrady Barbara S.
Published: July 2023

Session 10 will teach clients about anger management skills. They will learn to use a behavior chain to identify anger triggers, thoughts and feelings that lead to aggressive behavior, and consequences. They then will practice new thoughts and behavioral responses to achieve better outcomes and enhance their self-confidence and autonomy. The session also covers a relapse prevention skill called “seemingly irrelevant decisions” to help clients identify risky decisions that may seem unrelated to drinking or drug use but that actually increase the chances that they will use alcohol or drugs. At the end of the session clients will identify upcoming high-risk situations and develop plans to cope without using alcohol or drugs. The therapist also will review homework for the upcoming week.
Session 11: Problem-Solving
Authors: Epstein Elizabeth E. , McCrady Barbara S.
Published: July 2023

In this session, clients will learn problem-solving, a key cognitive behavioral therapy skill that they can use instead of drinking or using drugs to deal with problems. Clients will practice the skill in the session via exercises using the handouts and worksheets. Letting go of things that are identified as “not in my control” is discussed as an important step in problem-solving. Tools such as acceptance and mindfulness will be incorporated into the problem-solving strategy menu. At the end of the session clients will identify upcoming high-risk situations and develop plans to cope without using alcohol or drugs. The therapist also will review homework for the upcoming week.
Session 12: Relapse Prevention II; Maintenance Planning
Authors: Epstein Elizabeth E. , McCrady Barbara S.
Published: July 2023

This final session provides psychoeducation on slips, relapses, relapse prevention, and long-term maintenance of recovery from alcohol use disorder or substance use disorder. Clients will learn how to identify and respond to warning signs of a potential slip or relapse to alcohol or drug use and how they should handle slips or relapses if they do occur. Clients will develop a firm plan to help them maintain the gains they have made during treatment and will create a relapse contract that will commit them to a plan should they have a slip or relapse. At the end of the session clients will identify upcoming high-risk situations and develop plans to cope without using alcohol or drugs.
The Rwandan Experience
Authors: Ly E. John
Published: July 2023

Following the Rawandan genocide in 1994 which left the country devastated, Rwanda and its Ministry of Health embarked on an ambitious rebuilding plan that was focused on health equity. Rwanda established health as a human right in its 2003 constitution; it developed a national health insurance program; and it insisted that foreign health aid align with its national strategic plan. Within this broader context, these study investigators were able to demonstrate dramatic gains in maternal and child health system coverage and population-level health outcomes, in the country’s poorest region, through a series of interventions that focused on strengthening healthcare systems.
Can Checklists Improve Perinatal Outcomes?
Authors: Walker Andrea
Published: July 2023

With the success of the WHO Safe Surgery Checklist, the “checklist strategy” to improve clinical outcomes has permeated multiple areas of healthcare. The WHO Safe Childbirth checklist (SCC) includes 28 evidence-based essential birth practices that occurred before birth, before pushing, within 1 minute of delivery, and within 1 hour of delivery. These items are thought to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes if followed. This randomized controlled study found that despite documented improvement in adherence to the Safe Childbirth Checklist in the peripartum period, there was no improvement in maternal or neonatal outcomes, suggesting that the use of a checklist alone is not sufficient to impact outcomes.