bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Diet and Exercise on the Peripheral Immune System in Young Balb/c Mice
Authors: Martínez-Carrillo B. E. , Jarillo-Luna R. A. , Campos-Rodríguez R. , Valdés-Ramos R. , Rivera-Aguilar V.
Published: November 2015

Although diet and exercise clearly have an influence on immune function, studies are scarce on the effect caused by exercise and the consumption of a carbohydrate-rich or fat-rich diet on the peripheral immune system. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of exercise and the two aforementioned unbalanced diets on young Balb/c mice, especially in relation to BMI, the level of glucose, and the percentage of lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood. The changes found were then related to the synthesis of leptin and adiponectin as well as the production of oxidative stress. The increase in BMI found with the carbohydrate-rich and fat-rich diets showed correlation with the levels of leptin and adiponectin. An increase in leptin and a decrease in adiponectin directly correlated with an increase in total lymphocytes and CD4+ cells and with a decrease in B cells. The increase in leptin also correlated with an increase in CD8+ cells. Glycemia and oxidative stress increased with the two unbalanced diets, negatively affecting the proliferation of total lymphocytes and the percentage of B cells, apparently by causing alterations in proteins through carbonylation. These alterations caused by an unbalanced diet were not modified by moderate exercise.
Inhibitory Effect Evaluation of Glycerol‐Iron Oxide Thin Films on Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Popa C. L. , Prodan A. M. , Chapon P. , Turculet C. , Predoi D.
Published: November 2015

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of glycerol‐ iron oxide thin films on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Our results suggest that glycerol‐iron oxide thin films could be used in the future for various biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. The glycerol‐iron oxide thin films have been deposited by spin coating method on a silicon (111) substrate. The structural properties have been studied by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM). The XRD investigations of the prepared thin films demonstrate that the crystal structure of glycerol‐iron oxide nanoparticles was not changed after spin coating deposition. On the other hand, the SEM micrographs suggest that the size of the glycerol‐iron oxide microspheres increased with the increase of glycerol exhibiting narrow size distributions. The qualitative depth profile of glycerol‐iron oxide thin films was identified by glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES). The GDOES spectra revealed the presence of the main elements: Fe, O, C, H, and Si. The antimicrobial activity of glycerol‐iron oxide thin films was evaluated by measuring the zone of inhibition. After 18 hours of incubation at 37°C, the diameters of the zones of complete inhibition have been measured obtaining values around 25 mm.
Emotion Analysis of Telephone Complaints from Customer Based on Affective Computing
Authors: Gong Shuangping , Dai Yonghui , Ji Jun , Wang Jinzhao , Sun Hai
Published: November 2015

Customer complaint has been the important feedback for modern enterprises to improve their product and service quality as well as the customer’s loyalty. As one of the commonly used manners in customer complaint, telephone communication carries rich emotional information of speeches, which provides valuable resources for perceiving the customer’s satisfaction and studying the complaint handling skills. This paper studies the characteristics of telephone complaint speeches and proposes an analysis method based on affective computing technology, which can recognize the dynamic changes of customer emotions from the conversations between the service staff and the customer. The recognition process includes speaker recognition, emotional feature parameter extraction, and dynamic emotion recognition. Experimental results show that this method is effective and can reach high recognition rates of happy and angry states. It has been successfully applied to the operation quality and service administration in telecom and Internet service company.
Optimal Operation Conditions for a Methane Fuelled SOFC and Microturbine Hybrid System
Authors: De Marco Vincenzo , Florio Gaetano , Fragiacomo Petronilla
Published: November 2015

The study of a hybrid system obtained coupling a methane fuelled gas microturbine (MTG) and a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) was performed. The objective of this study is to evaluate the operation conditions as a function of the independent variables of the system, which are the current density and fuel utilization factor. Numerical simulations were carried out in developing a C++ computer code, in order to identify the preferable plant configuration and both the optimal methane flow and the current density. Operation conditions are able to ensure elasticity and the most suitable fuel utilization factor. To confirm the reliability of the models, results of the simulations were compared with reference results found in literature.
Urothelial Superior Vena Cava Syndrome with Limited Response to Radiation Therapy
Authors: Bingham Nishan , Wallace III H. James , Monterroso Joanne , Verschraegen Claire , Waters Brenda L. , Anker Christopher J.
Published: November 2015

Radiation therapy (RT) is the standard of care for cases of superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome secondary to metastatic adenopathy. Histologies vary in radiosensitivity and response time, making alternative therapies such as chemotherapy and/or intravenous stenting preferable alternative options for certain diagnoses. Metastatic urothelial carcinoma is a particularly rare cause of SVC syndrome with only 3 cases reported in the literature. Consequently, optimal management remains challenging, particularly in cases of high tumor burden. Here we present a case of highly advanced metastatic urothelial cancer with SVC syndrome and tracheal compression. The patient started urgent RT but expired midway through her treatment course due to systemic progression of disease, requiring SVC and tracheal stenting. The authors review the literature including discussion of the few other known cases of SVC syndrome due to urothelial carcinoma and a review of this histology’s response to RT. This experience suggests, that in cases of SVC syndrome with widespread advanced disease, stenting and chemotherapy with or without RT may be the most important initial treatment plan, depending on goals of care.
Effects of Medium Characteristics on Laser RCS of Airplane with E-Wave Polarization
Authors: El-Ocla Hosam
Published: November 2015

Plane wave incidence should be postulated to have an authentic target detection. Practically, the plane wave is incapable usually of keeping its power in the far field especially when propagating through an inhomogeneous medium. Consequently, we assume an incident beam wave with a finite width around the target. In this work, we calculate numerically a laser radar cross section (LRCS) of conducting targets having smooth cross sections with inflection points such as airplane in random media. Effects of fluctuations intensity of random media on the LRCS performance are studied in this paper. E-wave polarization (E-wave incidence) is considered while the mean target size is approximately twice the wavelength.
The Ultrasonic Microsurgical Anatomical Comparative Study of the CHD Fetuses and Their Clinical Significance
Authors: Li Xiaosong , Xia Hongmei , Wang Dan , Zhu Junke , Ran Jianhua
Published: November 2015

The aim of our study was to increase the detection rate of fetal cardiac malformations for congenital heart disease (CHD). The ultrasonic and microanatomical methods were combined to study the CHD cases firstly, which could provide the microsurgical anatomical basis to the prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis which was used in suspected CHD and help the sonographer to improve the quality of fetal cardiac diagnosis. We established the ultrasonic standard section of the 175 complex CHD cases and collected the fetal echocardiography image files. The induced/aborted fetuses were fixed by 4% paraformaldehyde and dissected by the ultrasonic microsurgical anatomy. This research could obtain the fetal cardiac anatomic cross-sectional images which was consistent with the ultrasonic standard section and could clearly show the internal structure of the vascular malformation that optimized the ultrasound examination individually. This method could directly display the variation of the CHD fetal heart clearly and comprehensively help us to understand the complex fetal cardiac malformation from the internal structure of the vascular malformation which was consolidated by the anatomical basis of the fetal heart. This study could improve the integrity and accuracy of the prenatal cardiac ultrasound examination tremendously.
Simulation and Experimental Validation of the Hot Embossing Process of Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Microstructures
Authors: Wang Xiaopeng , Li Wei , Chen Tianning
Published: November 2015

The microstructures were fabricated by hot embossing method using biodegradable material PLGA poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), to serve as the drug carriers in the drug delivery system. The embossing process was studied in a combination of simulations and experiments. Firstly, the viscoelastic model of PLGA was built after testing the material properties. Secondly, the hot embossing process was simulated by ABAQUS finite element software. The deformation rules of PLGA during hot embossing were then achieved. The pressures inside the PLGA materials were different at various places during hot embossing, which lead to the differences of the filling speeds. As a result, the inner structures were easier to get formed than the outer structures. And the fluidity of PGLA would increase with the raising temperature, which however caused serious material overflow. Finally the hot embossing experiments were presented to verify the simulation results. Agreed with the filling rules of the simulation, enough duration was necessary to let the outer corners of the microstructures be formed completely. Moreover the trapped air in the grooves was compressed into small bubbles at the corners. It was also found that the material overflow could be prevented in the use of nonisothermal hot embossing method.
Experimental Investigation of Self-Sensing Carbon Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composite for Strain Measurement of an RC Portal Frame
Authors: Yeh Fang-Yao , Chang Kuo-Chun , Liao Wen-Cheng
Published: November 2015

Traditional structural monitoring systems have disadvantages such as the shorter life span of sensors relative to that of the structure being monitored. The present study uses carbon fiber reinforced cementitious composite (CFRC) as a structural monitoring sensor to extend the life of a sensor to match that of the structure. There are some known advantages of CFRC, such as high tensile strength and high ductility that increase the seismic capacity and security of such structures. However, CFRC has functionality similar to piezoresistive materials, which can be used as self-sensing materials for strain measurement and damage detection. This property is based on the reversible effect of strain on the volume of electrical resistivity and the irreversible effect of material damage on its resistivity. Considering the economic benefits, the fiber content is only 0.2 vol.%, which is less than half of the amount used in other studies. The experimental results show that the conductivity of current materials is significantly improved by CFRC and that it can be used for strain measurement and damage detection. Moreover, the experimental results of CFRC-coated beams and the RC portal frame can be kept in a database for applications in structural health monitoring.
Oral Allergy Syndrome: An Update for Stomatologists
Authors: Kashyap Roopashri Rajesh , Kashyap Rajesh Shanker
Published: November 2015

Oral allergy syndrome (OAS) is an allergic reaction in the oral cavity subsequent to the consumption of food such as fruits, nuts, and vegetables. It occurs mainly due to homology of proteins of pollen to the proteins of fruits and vegetables. In OAS, the immune system produces antibodies that are directed against the proteins of pollen and structurally similar proteins in food, hence, resulting in allergic symptoms limited mainly to the oral cavity. In this review, we have summarized the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of OAS as an update for stomatologists.
High Serum Level ofβ2-Microglobulin in Late Posttransplant Period Predicts Subsequent Decline in Kidney Allograft Function: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Trailin Andriy V. , Pleten Marina V. , Ostapenko Tatiana I. , Iefimenko Nadiia F. , Nikonenko Olexander S.
Published: November 2015

Background.Identification of patients at risk for kidney allograft (KAG) failure beyond the first posttransplant year is an unmet need. We aimed to determine whether serum beta-2-microglobulin (β2MG) in the late posttransplant period could predict a decline in KAG function.Methods.We assessed a value of single measurement of serumβ2MG at one to seventeen years after transplantation in predicting the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the decline in eGFR over a period of two years in 79 recipients of KAG.Results.At baseline serumβ2MG concentration was higher (P=0.011) in patients with allograft dysfunction: 8.67 ± 2.48 µg/mL versus those with satisfactory graft function: 6.67 ± 2.13 µg/mL. Higherβ2MG independently predicted the lower eGFR, the drop in eGFR by ≥25% after one and two years, and the value of negative eGFR slope. When combined with proteinuria and acute rejection, serumβ2MG had excellent power in predicting certain drop in eGFR after one year (AUC = 0.910). In conjunction with posttransplant time serumβ2MG had good accuracy in predicting certain eGFR drop after two years (AUC = 0.821).Conclusions.Elevated serumβ2MG in the late posttransplant period is useful in identifying patients at risk for rapid loss of graft function.
Effectiveness of an Innovative Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields Stimulation in Healing of Untreatable Skin Ulcers in the Frail Elderly: Two Case Reports
Authors: Guerriero Fabio , Botarelli Emanuele , Mele Gianni , Polo Lorenzo , Zoncu Daniele , Renati Paolo , Sgarlata Carmelo , Rollone Marco , Ricevuti Giovannoi , Maurizi Niccolò , Francis Matthew , Rondanelli Mariangela , Perna Simone , Guido Davide , Mannu Piero
Published: November 2015

Introduction. Recalcitrant skin ulcers are a major burden in elderly patients. Specifically, chronic wounds result in significant morbidity and mortality and have a profound economic impact. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) have proved to be a promising therapy for wound healing. Here we describe the first reported case of an innovative PEMF therapy, Emysimmetric Bilateral Stimulation (EBS), used to successfully treat refractory skin ulcers in two elderly and fragile patients.Case Presentation. Two elderly patients developed multiple chronic skin ulcerations. Despite appropriate treatment, the ulcers showed little improvement and the risk of amputation was high. Both patients underwent daily EBS therapy and standard dressing. After few weeks of treatment, major improvements were observed and all ulcers had healed.Conclusion. In patients with refractory ulceration, EBS therapy may be of real benefit in terms of faster healing. This case supports the supportive role for PEMFs in the treatment of skin ulceration in diabetes and is suggestive of a potential benefit of EBS in this clinical condition.
Reactions of Al-PTFE under Impact and Quasi-Static Compression
Authors: Feng Bin , Fang Xiang , Li Yu-chun , Wu Shuang-zhang , Mao Yi-ming , Wang Huai-xi
Published: November 2015

Conventionally, the Al-PTFE is thought to be inert under quasi-static or static loads. However, here we reported an initiation phenomenon of Al-PTFE under quasi-static compression. Quasi-static tests suggest that reacted Al-PTFE samples had much higher toughness than unreacted samples. Dynamic test showed that the energy level needed to initiate the material was similar for quasi-static compression (88–100 J) and dynamic impact (77–91 J). The difference in density indicates that unreacted Al-PTFE has a higher crystallinity, which leads to the lower toughness. SEM images show numerous PTFE fibrils in unreacted composites which made the sample harder to crack and initiate.
The Association of theGABRPPolymorphisms with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Kim Hun-Soo , Jin Eun-Heui , Mo Ji-Su , Shim Hyeok , Lee Shin-Seok , Chae Soo-Cheon
Published: November 2015

Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi (GABRP) is involved in inhibitory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. This gene encodes multisubunit chloride channels and is also expressed in numerous nonneuronal tissues such as the uterus and the ovaries. This study was aimed to validate whether the polymorphisms in the GABRP gene are associated with the susceptibility to systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The genotype frequencies of the rs929763, rs732157, and rs3805455 of theGABRPgene in SLE patients were significantly different from those of the control group (P<0.0001,P=0.05and 0.002, resp.). Additional analysis showed that the genotype of the rs929763 and rs3805455 of theGABRPgene were also significantly associated with female SLE patients (P<0.0001,P=0.005, resp.). Two haplotype frequencies including a major haplotype ofGABRPSNPs were more significantly different between the SLE patients and the healthy controls (P=0.038and4.2E-24, resp.). These results suggest that the polymorphisms in theGABRPgene might be associated with the susceptibility to SLE and the haplotype ofGABRPSNPs is useful genetic marker for SLE.
Evaluation of Osteogenic and Cementogenic Potential of Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast Spheroids Using a Three-DimensionalIn VitroModel of Periodontium
Authors: Berahim Zurairah , Moharamzadeh Keyvan , Jowett Adrian K. , Rawlinson Andrew
Published: November 2015

The aim of this study was to develop a three-dimensionalin vitromodel of periodontium to investigate the osteogenic and cementogenic differentiation potential of the periodontal ligament fibroblast (PDLF) spheroids within a dentin-membrane complex. PDLFs were cultured in both spheroid forms and monolayers and were seeded onto two biological collagen-based and synthetic membranes. Cell-membrane composites were then transferred onto dentin slices with fibroblasts facing the dentin surface and further cultured for 20 days. The composites were then processed for histology and immunohistochemical analyses for osteocalcin, Runx2, periostin, and cementum attachment protein (CAP). Both membranes seeded with PDLF-derived cells adhered to dentin and fibroblasts were present at the dentin interface and spread within both membranes. All membrane-cell-dentine composites showed positive staining for osteocalcin, Runx2, and periostin. However, CAP was not expressed by any of the tissue composites. It can be concluded that PDLFs exhibited some osteogenic potential when cultured in a 3D matrix in the presence of dentin as shown by the expression of osteocalcin. However the interaction of cells and dentin in this study was unable to stimulate cementum formation. The type of membrane did not have a significant effect upon differentiation, but fibroblast seeded-PGA membrane demonstrated better attachment to dentin than the collagen membrane.
Simple, Compact, and Multiband Frequency Selective Surfaces Using Dissimilar Sierpinski Fractal Elements
Authors: Nóbrega Clarissa de Lucena , da Silva Marcelo Ribeiro , Silva Paulo Henrique da Fonseca , D’Assunção Adaildo Gomes , Siqueira Gláucio Lima
Published: November 2015

This paper presents a design methodology for frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) using metallic patches with dissimilar Sierpinski fractal elements. The transmission properties of the spatial filters are investigated for FSS structures composed of two alternately integrated dissimilar Sierpinski fractal elements, corresponding to fractal levelsk=1, 2, and 3. Two FSS prototypes are fabricated and measured in the range from 2 to 12 GHz to validate the proposed fractal designs. The FSSs with dissimilar Sierpinski fractal patch elements are printed on RT/Duroid 6202 high frequency laminate. The experimental characterization of the FSS prototypes is accomplished through two different measurement setups composed of commercial horns and elliptical monopole microstrip antennas. The obtained results confirm the compactness and multiband performance of the proposed FSS geometries, caused by the integration of dissimilar fractal element. In addition, the proposed FSSs exhibited frequency tuning ability on the multiband frequency responses. Agreement between simulated and measured results is reported.
Expression and Prognostic Significance of Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-3 Alpha and Cystatin A in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Tang Minzhong , Ou Ningjiang , Li Cheng , Lu Aiying , Li Jun , Ma Liping , Zhong Weiming , Gao Jianquan , Zheng Yuming , Cai Yonglin
Published: November 2015

This study aims to investigate the expression of macrophage inflammatory protein-3 alpha (MIP-3α) and cystatin A in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and their association with clinical characteristics and prognosis. Primary tumor specimens from 114 NPC patients and associated clinical follow-up data were collected, and the expression of MIP-3αand cystatin A proteins was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Expression of MIP-3αwas significantly associated with TNM stage in patients with NPC (P<0.05). NPC patients with positive expression of MIP-3αexhibited shorter median overall survival (OS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), compared with patients with negative expression (OS: 50.5 months versus 59.0 months,P=0.013; DMFS: 50.1 months versus 60.2 months,P=0.003). NPC patients with positive expression of cystatin A exhibited shorter median OS, local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), and DMFS, compared with patients with negative expression (OS: 51.1 months versus 60.0 months,P=0.004; LRFS: 54.5 months versus 59.5 months,P=0.036; DMFS: 52.3 months versus 58.8 months,P=0.036). Both MIP-3αand cystatin A overexpressions in NPC tumor tissues were strong independent factors of poor prognosis in NPC patients. MIP-3αand cystatin A expressions may be valuable prognostic markers in NPC patients.
The Identification of Prognostic Factors and Survival Statistics of Conventional Central Chondrosarcoma
Authors: Nota Sjoerd P. F. T. , Braun Yvonne , Schwab Joseph H. , van Dijk C. Niek , Bramer Jos A. M.
Published: November 2015

Introduction. Chondrosarcomas are malignant bone tumors that are characterized by the production of chondroid tissue. Since radiation therapy and chemotherapy have limited effect on chondrosarcoma, treatment of most patients depends on surgical resection. We conducted this study to identify independent predictive factors and survival characteristics for conventional central chondrosarcoma and dedifferentiated central chondrosarcoma.Methods. A systematic literature review was performed in September 2014 using the Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Subsequent to a beforehand-composed selection procedure we included 13 studies, comprising a total of 1114 patients.Results. The prognosis of central chondrosarcoma is generally good for the histologically low-grade tumors. Prognosis for the high-grade chondrosarcoma and the dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma is poor with lower survival rates. Poor prognostic factors in conventional chondrosarcoma for overall survival are high-grade tumors and axial/pelvic tumor location. In dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma the percentage of dedifferentiated component has significant influence on disease-free survival.Conclusion. Despite the fact that there are multiple prognostic factors identified, as shown in this study, there is a need for prospective and comparative studies. The resulting knowledge about prognostic factors and survival can give direction in the development of better therapies. This could eventually lead to an evidence-based foundation for treating chondrosarcoma patients.
Numerical Simulation of Nonlinear Pulsatile Newtonian Blood Flow through a Multiple Stenosed Artery
Authors: Changdar Satyasaran , De Soumen
Published: November 2015

An appropriate nonlinear blood flow model under the influence of periodic body acceleration through a multiple stenosed artery is investigated with the help of finite difference method. The arterial segment is simulated by a cylindrical tube filled with a viscous incompressible Newtonian fluid described by the Navier-Stokes equation. The nonlinear equation is solved numerically with the proper boundary conditions and pressure gradient that arise from the normal functioning of the heart. Results are discussed in comparison with the existing models.
Shikonin Inhibits Inflammatory Response in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblasts via lncRNA-NR024118
Authors: Yang Ke-ya , Chen Dong-liang
Published: November 2015

Background. Shikonin is a major chemical component of zicao that possesses anti-inflammatory properties and the ability to mediate cellular and humoral immunity, especially in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We investigated the impact of shikonin on inflammatory response in RA synovial fibroblasts using the CAIA model.Methods. Severe polyarticular arthritis was induced in Balb/c female mice. Expressions of lncRNA-NR024118, SOCS3, proinflammatory cytokines, and MMPs were evaluated using RT-RCR. Histone acetylation and SOCS3 protein expression were assessed by ChIP assay and western blot, respectively.Results. Mice treated with shikonin showed an abrogation of soft tissue and bone lesions. Shikonin remarkably enhanced the expression of NR024118 and SOCS3 and suppressed the secretion and expression of IL-6, IL-8, and MMPs. Proliferation of cultured RA synovial fibroblasts in the presence of IL-1βwas also significantly inhibited by shikonin. Moreover, shikonin dose-dependently increased acetylation of histone H3 at the promoter of NR024118. Finally, NR024118 overexpression and interference significantly changed SOCS3 expression and NR024118 interference could reverse regulation of shikonin on SOCS3, proinflammatory cytokines, and MMPs expression level in MH7A cells.Conclusion. Our results reveal that, in the CAIA mouse model of RA, shikonin has disease modifying activity that is attributable to the inhibition of inflammatory response via lncRNA-NR024118.
An Efficient Image Denoising Method for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks Based on DT-CWT
Authors: Sammouda Rachid , Al-Salman Abdul Malik S. , Gumaei Abdu , Tagoug Nejmeddine
Published: November 2015

Wireless multimedia sensor network (WMSN) is a developed technology of wireless sensor networks and includes a set of nodes equipped with cameras and other sensors to detect ambient environment and produce multimedia data content. In this context, many types of noises occur due to sensors problems, change of illumination, fog, rain, and other weather conditions. These noises usually degrade the digital images acquired by camera sensors. Image denoising in spatial domain is more difficult and time-consuming for real-time processing of WMSNs applications. In this study, an efficient method based on Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DT-CWT) is developed to enhance the image denosing in WMSNs. This method is designed to reduce the image noises by selecting an optimal threshold value estimated from the approximation of wavelet coefficients. In our experiment, the proposed method was tested and compared with standard Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT) on a set of natural scene images. Better results were achieved by using the DT-CWT in terms of image quality metrics and processing time.
Community-Acquired Pneumonia and Empyema Caused byCitrobacter koseriin an Immunocompetent Patient
Authors: Ariza-Prota Miguel Angel , Pando-Sandoval Ana , García-Clemente Marta , Fernández Ramón , Casan Pere
Published: November 2015

Citrobacterspecies, belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae, are environmental organisms commonly found in soil, water, and the intestinal tracts of animals and humans.Citrobacter koseriis known to be an uncommon but serious cause of both sporadic and epidemic septicemia and meningitis in neonates and young infants. Most cases reported have occurred in immunocompromised hosts. The infections caused byCitrobacterare difficult to treat with usual broad spectrum antibiotics owing to rapid generation of mutants and have been associated with high death rates in the past. We believe this is the first case described in the literature of a community-acquired pneumonia and empyema caused byCitrobacter koseriin an immunocompetent adult patient.
A Simple Modification of Homotopy Perturbation Method for the Solution of Blasius Equation in Semi-Infinite Domains
Authors: Aghakhani M. , Suhatril M. , Mohammadhassani M. , Daie M. , Toghroli A.
Published: November 2015

A simple modification of the homotopy perturbation method is proposed for the solution of the Blasius equation with two different boundary conditions. Padé approximate is used to deal with the boundary condition at infinity. The results obtained from the analytical method are compared to Howarth’s numerical solution and fifth order Runge-Kutta Fehlberg method indicating a very good agreement. The proposed method is a simple and reliable modification of homotopy perturbation method, which does not require the existence of a small parameter, linearization of the equation, or computation of Adomian’s polynomials.
Comparative Evaluation of the Impact of Subacute Exposure of Smokeless Tobacco and Tobacco Smoke on Rat Testis
Authors: Aprioku Jonah Sydney , Ugwu Theresa Chioma
Published: November 2015

This study investigated the effects of 30-day exposure to tobacco smoke (TS), smokeless tobacco (ST), and nicotine on reproductive parameters and oxidative biomarkers in prepubertal and adult male rats. Sperm motility was reduced by 77.5 and 89.0% in TS and ST exposed prepubertal rats and 71.1 and 86.4% in adult rats, respectively. Sperm count was also reduced by 64.7 and 89.9% in prepubertal rats and 64.9 and 47.0% in adult rats, respectively. Nicotine decreased sperm motility (82.2%) and count (62.6%) in prepubertal rats but caused no effect in adult rats. There were no changes in sperm morphology; testosterone was decreased, while LH and FSH were increased in exposed rats, when compared with control. Malondialdehyde levels in testes of exposed rats were increased, and GSH, SOD, and catalase were altered. Results indicate that subacute exposure of tobacco products alters sperm characteristics in a rank order of ST > TS > nicotine, which may be linked to increase in oxidative stress in the testis.
Manufacture of Locally Reinforced Composite Discs by Casting in the Alternating Electromagnetic Field
Authors: Golak Slawomir
Published: November 2015

The paper discusses a new method of obtaining local particle reinforcement in the composite discs. In this method, the liquid composite suspension is poured into a mould and then exposed to the alternating electromagnetic field. The Lorentz force acting on the liquid metal causes the reinforcement to move towards one or both surfaces of the manufactured disc. The paper presents the process theory, the methodology for the casting system design, and the results of an experimental manufacture of one-side and two-side reinforced composite discs made of aluminium alloy.
Screening for Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease: Comparison of the Italian Versions of Three Neuropsychological Tests
Authors: Federico Angela , Maier Alice , Vianello Greta , Mapelli Daniela , Trentin Michela , Zanette Giampietro , Picelli Alessandro , Gandolfi Marialuisa , Tamburin Stefano
Published: November 2015

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is frequent in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Recently proposed criteria for MCI in PD (PD-MCI) indicate level I diagnosis based on abbreviated assessment and level II based on comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation. The study explored the sensitivity and specificity of the Italian versions of three neuropsychological tests for level I diagnosis of PD-MCI. We recruited 100 consecutive PD patients. After screening for inclusion criteria, 43 patients were included. The sensitivity and specificity of the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R) in comparison to level II diagnosis of PD-MCI were examined. PD-MCI was diagnosed (level II) in 51% of patients. Disease duration was significantly longer and PD motor scales were more severely impaired in MCI group. The receiver-operator characteristics curve documented nonsignificant difference in the performance of the three tests, with slight advantage of MMSE (corrected data). The time of administration favored MMSE. In Italian-speaking PD patients, MMSE might represent a good screening tool for PD-MCI, because of the shorter time of administration and the performance comparable to those of MoCA and ACE-R. Further studies are needed to validate the new PD-MCI criteria across different languages and cultures.
Numerical and Experimental Studies on Nonlinear Dynamics and Performance of a Bistable Piezoelectric Cantilever Generator
Authors: Guo Kangkang , Cao Shuqian , Wang Shiyu
Published: November 2015

A piezo-magneto-elastically coupled distributed-parameter model of a bistable piezoelectric cantilever generator is developed by using the generalized Hamilton principle. The influence of the spacing between two adjacent magnets on the static bifurcation characteristics of the system is studied and the range of magnet spacing corresponding to the bistable states is obtained. Numerical and experimental studies are carried out to analyze the bifurcation, response characteristics, and their impact on the electrical output performance under varying external excitations. Results indicate that interwell limit cycle motion of the beam around the two centers corresponds to optimum power output; interwell chaotic motion and multiperiodic motion including intrawell oscillations are less effective. At a given frequency, the phenomena of symmetric-breaking and amplitude-phase modulation are observed with increase of base excitation. Both period-doubling bifurcation and intermittency routes to chaotic motion in the bistable system are found. It can be observed that the power output is not proportional to the excitation level because of the bifurcation behaviours.
An Analytical Development of the Hyperbolic Behaviour of Micro Thermoelectric Coolers
Authors: De Aloysio Giulia , D’Alessandro Giampaolo , de Monte Filippo
Published: November 2015

The transient behaviour of a micro thermoelectric cooler is described in the present paper through the theory of the thermal wave, involving the relaxation time. The internal heat generation due to the sudden application of the electric current is taken into account by means of the Heaviside function. The governing equations of both the semiconductors are solved by a modified Separation of Variables Method that allows us to have a better description of the device which can be obtained at early times. As regards the performances, the cooling load shows discontinuities due to the contributions of the travelling wave fronts of both the semiconductors. The results show that the coefficient of performance (COP) of the device obtained with the hyperbolic model is lower than that provided by the parabolic model at early times.
Differential Expression of Tyrosine Hydroxylase Protein and Apoptosis-Related Genes in Differentiated and Undifferentiated SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells Treated with MPP+
Authors: Khwanraj Kawinthra , Phruksaniyom Chareerut , Madlah Suriyat , Dharmasaroja Permphan
Published: November 2015

The human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line has been used as a dopaminergic cell model for Parkinson’s disease research. Whether undifferentiated or differentiated SH-SY5Y cells are more suitable remains controversial. This study aims to evaluate the expression of apoptosis-related mRNAs activated by MPP+and evaluate the differential expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in undifferentiated and retinoic acid- (RA-) induced differentiated cells. The western blot results showed a gradual decrease in TH in undifferentiated cells and a gradual increase in TH in differentiated cells from days 4 to 10 after cell plating. Immunostaining revealed a gradual increase in TH along with neuritic outgrowth in differentiated cells on days 4 and 7 of RA treatment. For the study on cell susceptibility to MPP+and the expression of apoptosis-related genes, MTT assay showed a decrease in cell viability to approximately 50% requiring 500 and 1000 μM of MPP+for undifferentiated and RA-differentiated cells, respectively. Using real-time RT-PCR, treatment with 500 μM MPP+led to significant increases in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, p53, and caspase-3 in undifferentiated cells but was without significance in differentiated cells. In conclusion, differentiated cells may be more suitable, and the shorter duration of RA differentiation may make the SH-SY5Y cell model more accessible.
Effects of Sulfurization Pressure on the Conversion Efficiency of Cosputtered Cu2ZnSnS4Thin Film Solar Cells
Authors: Khalkar Arun , Lim Kwang-Soo , Yu Seong-Man , Shin Dong-Wook , Oh Tae-Sik , Yoo Ji-Beom
Published: November 2015

We report herein Cu2ZnSnS4(CZTS) thin film solar cells with 6.75% conversion efficiency, without an antireflection coating. The CZTS precursors have been prepared by cosputtering using three different targets on Mo-coated substrates: copper (Cu), tin sulfide (SnS), and zinc (Zn). The postsulfurization was carried out at different pressures in a H2S/N2environment at 550°C for one hour. A comparative study on the performances of solar cells with CZTS absorber layers prepared at different sulfurization pressures was carried out. The device efficiency of 1.67% using CZTS absorber and low pressure sulfurization is drastically improved, to an efficiency of 6.75% with atmospheric pressure sulfurization.
Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia in Systemic Sclerosis: Current Concepts
Authors: Parrado Raphael Hernando , Lemus Hernan Nicolas , Coral-Alvarado Paola Ximena , Quintana López Gerardo
Published: November 2015

Introduction. Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is a rare entity with unique endoscopic appearance described as “watermelon stomach.” It has been associated with systemic sclerosis but the pathophysiological changes leading to GAVE have not been explained and still remain uncertain.Methods. Databases Medline, Scopus, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane were searched for relevant papers. The main search words were “Gastric antral vascular ectasia,” “Watermelon Stomach,” “GAVE,” “Scleroderma,” and “Systemic Sclerosis.” Fifty-four papers were considered for this review.Results. GAVE is a rare entity in the spectrum of manifestations of systemic sclerosis with unknown pathogenesis. Most patients with systemic sclerosis and GAVE present with asymptomatic anemia, iron deficiency anemia, or heavy acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Symptomatic therapy and endoscopic ablation are the first-line of treatment. Surgical approach may be recommended for patients who do not respond to medical or endoscopic therapies.Conclusion. GAVE can be properly diagnosed and treated. Early diagnosis is key in the management of GAVE because it makes symptomatic therapies and endoscopic approaches feasible. A high index of suspicion is critical. Future studies and a critical review of the current findings about GAVE are needed to understand the role of this condition in systemic sclerosis.
ELISA-Based Crossmatching Allowing the Detection of Emerging Donor-Specific Anti-HLA Antibodies through the Use of Stored Donors’ Cell Lysates
Authors: Schlaf G. , Stöhr K. , Rothhoff A. , Altermann W.
Published: November 2015

About forty years ago the complement-dependent crossmatch assay (CDC-CM) was developed as standard procedure in order to select recipients without donor-specific antibodies directed against human leukocyte antigens of their given donors since the negative outcome of pretransplant crossmatching represents one of the most important requirements for a successful kidney graft survival. However, as a functional assay the CDC-CM strongly depends on the availability of donors’ isolated lymphocytes and in particular on their vitality highly limiting its applicability for recipients treated with special drugs and therapeutic antibodies or suffering from underlying autoimmune diseases. In the great majority of these cases ELISA-based crossmatching has been demonstrated to be an adequate alternative procedure nevertheless leading to valid results. With these case reports we show for the first time that ELISA-based crossmatching is suitable to demonstrate the upcoming donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies as a consequence of allografting using deep-frozen deceased donor’s material such as blood or spleen detergent lysate. Thus, this ELISA-based procedure first provides the option to routinely perform crossmatching using stored material of deceased donors in order to substitute or at least to complement virtual crossmatching, that is, the comparison of the recipients’ anti-HLA antibody specificities with the donors’ historically identified HLA types.
Submandibular Lateral Ectopic Thyroid Tissue: Ultrasonography, Computed Tomography, and Scintigraphic Findings
Authors: Çeliker Metin , Beyazal Çeliker Fatma , Turan Arzu , Beyazal Mehmet , Beyazal Polat Hatice
Published: November 2015

Ectopic thyroid can be encountered anywhere between the base of tongue and pretracheal region. The most common form is euthyroid neck mass. Herein, we aimed to present the findings of a female case with ectopic thyroid tissue localized in the left submandibular region. A 44-year-old female patient, who underwent bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy four years ago with the diagnosis of multinodular goiter, was admitted to our hospital due to a mass localized in the left submandibular area that gradually increased in the last six months. Neck ultrasonography, contrast-enhanced computed tomography, and scintigraphic examination were performed on the patient. On thyroid scintigraphy with Tc-99m pertechnetate, thyroid tissue activity uptake showing massive radioactivity was observed in the normal localization of the thyroid gland and in the submandibular localization. The focus in the submandibular region was excised. Pathological examination of the specimen showed normal thyroid follicle cells with no signs of malignancy. The submandibular mass is a rarely encountered lateral ectopic thyroid tissue. Accordingly, ectopic thyroid tissue should also be considered in the differential diagnosis of masses in the submandibular region.
Women’s Satisfaction of Maternity Care in Nepal and Its Correlation with Intended Future Utilization
Authors: Paudel Yuba Raj , Mehata Suresh , Paudel Deepak , Dariang Maureen , Aryal Krishna Kumar , Poudel Pradeep , King Stuart , Barnett Sarah
Published: November 2015

The impact of rapid increase in institutional birth rate in Nepal on women’s satisfaction and planned future utilization of services is less well known. This study aimed to measure women’s satisfaction with maternity care and its correlation with intended future utilisation. Data came from a nationally representative facility-based survey conducted across 13 districts in Nepal and included client exit interviews with 447 women who had either recently delivered or had experienced complications. An eight-item quality of care instrument was used to measure client satisfaction. Multivariate probit model was used to assess the attribution of different elements of client satisfaction with intended future utilization of services. Respondents were most likely to suggest maintaining clean/hygienic health facilities (42%), increased bed provision (26%), free services (24%), more helpful behaviour by health workers (18%), and better privacy (9%). Satisfaction with the information received showed a strong correlation with the politeness of staff, involvement in decision making, and overall satisfaction with the care received. Satisfaction with waiting time (p= 0.035), information received (p= 0.02), and overall care in the maternity care (<0.001) showed strong associations with willingness to return to facility. The findings suggest improving physical environment and interpersonal communication skills of service providers and reducing waiting time for improving client satisfaction and intention to return to the health facility.
Epidemiological, Clinical, and Paraclinic Aspect of Cutaneous Sarcoidosis in Black Africans
Authors: Kaloga Mamadou , Gbéry Ildevert Patrice , Bamba Vagamon , Kouassi Yao Isidore , Ecra Elidjé Joseph , Diabate Almamy , Kourouma Sarah , Ahogo Kouadio Celestin , Kouamé Kouassi Alexandre , Kassi Komenan , Kouame Kanga , Sangaré Abdoulaye
Published: November 2015

The specific objectives were to identify the epidemiology of cutaneous sarcoidosis and describe the clinical and laboratory aspects of the disease.Materials and Methods. We performed a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 24 referred cases of cutaneous sarcoidosis in 25 years (1990–2014) collected at Venereology Dermatology Department of the University Hospital of Treichville (Abidjan) both in consultation and in hospitalization.Results. The hospital frequency was one case per year. The average age was 42 years, ranging from 9 to 64. The sex ratio was 1. The shortest time interval between the appearance of the skin lesion and consultation of Dermatology Department at CHU Treichville was 3 months. The elementary lesions were represented primarily by a papule (18 cases), placard (3 cases), and nodule (2 cases) and mainly sat on the face and neck in 8 cases (38%). Extra cutaneous lesions were dominated by ganglion and respiratory involvement with 5 cases each followed by musculoskeletal damage in 3 cases. Chest radiography showed abnormality in 13 cases (54%). The pulmonary function test performed in 13 patients found 7 cases (54%) having restrictive ventilatory syndrome and 6 cases (46%) being normal. A tuberculin anergy was found in 11 cases (61%).
Diclofenac Potassium Transdermal Patches Using Natural Rubber Latex Biomembranes as Carrier
Authors: Barros Natan Roberto de , Chagas Paulo Augusto Marques , Borges Felipe Azevedo , Gemeinder Jose Lucio Padua , Miranda Matheus Carlos Romeiro , Garms Bruna Cambraia , Herculano Rondinelli Donizetti
Published: November 2015

The aim of this study was to design a compound transdermal patch containing diclofenac potassium (Dic-K) using natural rubber latex (NRL) biomembrane. The NRL from Hevea brasiliensis is easily manipulated and low cost and presents high mechanical resistance. It is a biocompatible material which can stimulate natural angiogenesis and is capable of adhering cells on its surface. Recent researches have used the NRL for Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems (TDDSs). Dic-K is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and pain relief for postoperative and posttraumatic cases, as well as inflammation and edema. Results showed that the biomembrane can release Dic-K for up to 216 hours. The kinetics of the Dic-K release could be fitted with double exponential function. X-ray diffraction and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy show some interaction by hydrogen bound. The results indicated the potential of the compound patch.
Jugular Venous Catheterization: A Case of Knotting
Authors: Erkılıç E. , Aksoy M. , Gümüş T. , Sarı S. , Kesimci E.
Published: November 2015

A 79-year-old woman, diagnosed for cancer of the ovary, had a central catheter that was placed with difficulty through the right internal jugular vein intraoperatively. After oophorectomy, it was realized that the catheter was knotted. Thus, the central venous catheter was removed successfully using a traction technique in the operating room. Central venous catheter use may result in various complications, although it has been used as an invasive method for hemodynamic monitoring and fluid and drug infusion. Here, we present catheter knotting in a case with solutions for this complication, under literature review.