bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Sr and Mn Elements on the Microstructural Characteristics, Mechanical, and Anticorrosion Properties of Zn‐Based Biodegradable Materials
Authors: Wang Jian , Yu Jiajin , Jung In-Ho
Published: August 2023

This study specifically focuses on investigating the effects of Mn and Sr additions on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and anticorrosion behavior of as‐extruded Zn–Mn–Sr alloys, with the ultimate goal of developing biodegradable implants. The microstructural observations reveal that the incorporation of Mn and Sr elements plays a crucial role in refining the hcp (Zn) grains within the alloys. Moreover, the intermetallic phase SrZn13 is observed to precipitate along with the eutectic microstructure. Mechanical testing demonstrates that the addition of Sr shows the potential to enhance the mechanical properties of Zn–Mn alloys, and also results in a trade‐off with ductility. Notable alloys, BZA920, exhibit the highest values of yield strength at 219.8 ± 5.2 MPa and ultimate tensile strength at 240.6 ± 4.3 MPa; alloys of BZA315, BZA615, and BZA915 exhibit excellent ductility of over 40%. The electrochemical and immersion tests conducted in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution demonstrate the alloys’ favorable corrosion resistance. The corrosion rates range from 0.05 to 0.15 mm year−1, indicating their potential suitability as implant materials. Overall, this study highlights the exceptional mechanical properties, favorable corrosion resistance, and excellent biocompatibility of the investigated Zn–Mn–Sr alloys.
Hybrid Hydrogel‐Magnet Actuators with pH‐Responsive Hydrogels for Gastrointestinal Microrobots
Authors: Lai Yung Priscilla , Li Zhaoxin , Naguib Hani , Diller Eric
Published: August 2023

Limited space on millimeter‐scale devices for biomedical applications makes it challenging to incorporate bulky actuators and power for onboard mechanical actuation. Stimuli‐responsive hydrogels, such as pH‐responsive hydrogels, provide a solution to automatically sense and actuate in the gastrointestinal tract. However, hydrogels are often nonload bearing and slow in actuation. To overcome these challenges, a new type of hybrid actuator is developed which utilizes a pH‐responsive hydrogel with magnets to trigger magnetic springs (i.e., permanent magnets with repulsive, spring‐like forces) to quickly initiate rotational and translational movements at pH > 6. The agar‐poly(acrylic acid) hydrogel undergoes a large volume transition at pH > 6 and exhibits large nominal blocking stress of 610–819 kPa for a 3–4 mm diameter cylinder hydrogel. Moreover, the scaling of hydrogel force and response times are experimentally confirmed. Based on the hydrogel properties, an analytical hydrogel model is developed to predict hydrogel force and displacement under varying magnetic loads and wall constraints in simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 1.2) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF, pH 6.8), and the experimental data validate the model. Finally, an innovative hybrid hydrogel‐magnet actuator that triggers rotational and translational motion without external activation is demonstrated.
Monitoring Melanoma Responses to STING Agonism and Focused Ultrasound Thermal Ablation Using Microneedles and Ultrasensitive Single Molecule Arrays
Authors: Dahis Daniel , Dion Michelle Z. , Cryer Alexander M. , Dosta Pere , Gilboa Tal , Alonso Mariana , Lewandowski Michael , Puigmal Núria , Taboada Gonzalo Muñoz , Azhari Haim , Ahmad Rushdy , Walt David R. , Artzi Natalie
Published: August 2023

Real‐time monitoring of immune state and response to therapy can provide a means to stratify patients and increase the number of responders who will benefit from approved and emerging immunotherapies. The accessibility of immune cells in the skin provides an opportunity for local immune modulation as well as for noninvasive sampling of disease biomarkers in the skin interstitial fluid (ISF). Here, a monitoring strategy for melanoma immunotherapy is investigated by longitudinal sampling of biomarkers in the skin ISF using Hyaluronic acid (HA)‐based microneedles (MNs). Focused ultrasound ablation and delivery of nanoparticulate stimulator of interferon genes agonist are used as model immunotherapies. It is shown that this combination therapy induces potent inflammatory responses in a melanoma mouse model, promoting tumor elimination and immune memory formation. Indeed, quantifying soluble, protein‐based biomarkers following therapy using conventional immunoassay reveals a pronounced proinflammatory program in the tumor. However, conventional assays fail to detect the low concentration of biomarkers in plasma and in MN‐sampled ISF. It is shown that ultrasensitive single molecule arrays (Simoa) effectively detected proinflammatory biomarkers that are upregulated in response to the therapy in MN‐sampled ISF, in plasma, and in tumors, supporting the feasibility of monitoring melanoma immunotherapy using MNs.
A Bone Targeting Nanoparticle Loaded OGP to Restore Bone Homeostasis for Osteoporosis Therapy
Authors: Ma Shiqing , Xu Shendan , Li Minting , Du Yaqi , Tian Guangjie , Deng Jiayin , Zhang Wenyi , Wei Pengfei , Zhao Bo , Zhang Xuesong , Liu Zihao , Wang Yonglan
Published: August 2023

Restoring bone homeostasis is the key to the treatment of osteoporosis. How to increase osteogenic ability or inhibit osteoclast activity has always been a topic of great concern. In recent years, short peptides with biological activity have received great attention in bone repair. However, the application of short peptides is still limited due to the lack of a stable and targeted delivery system. Poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles modified by alendronate (AL) to transport osteogenic peptides (OGP) (AL‐PLGA@P NPs) are designed. Benefiting from the high affinity of AL for hydroxyapatite, AL‐PLGA@P NPs have the ability to target bone. In this delivery system, OGP that promotes osteogenesis synergizes with AL, which inhibits osteoclasts, to regulate bone homeostasis, which gives them more advantages in the treatment of osteoporosis. The data shows that nanoparticles can selectively deliver peptides to the bone surface without systemic toxicity. Moreover, nanoparticles can upregulate osteogenesis‐related factors (ALP, Runx‐2, and BMP2) and downregulate osteoclast‐related factors (TRAP and CTSK) in vitro. With AL‐PLGA@P NPs, bone microarchitecture and bone mass are improved in ovariectomized osteoporosis rats. Therefore, this study proposes a novel osteoporosis‐based drug system that effectively improves bone density.
Wood‐Derived Freestanding Carbon‐Based Electrode with Hierarchical Structure for Industrial‐Level Hydrogen Production
Authors: Li Di , Cheng Hao , Hao Xixun , Yu Guoping , Qiu Chuntian , Xiao Yanjun , Huang Hubiao , Lu Yingying , Zhang Bing
Published: August 2023

The sustainable and scalable fabrication of low‐cost, efficient, and durable electrocatalysts that operate well at industrial‐level current density is urgently needed for large‐scale implementation of the water splitting to produce hydrogen. In this work, an integrated carbon electrode is constructed by encapsulating Ni nanoparticles within N‐doped carbonized wood framework (Ni@NCW). Such integrated electrode with hierarchically porous structure facilitates mass transfer process for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Ni@NCW electrode can be employed directly as a robust electrocatalyst for HER, which affords the industrial‐level current density of 1000 mA cm−2 at low overpotential of 401 mV. The freestanding binder‐free electrode exhibits extraordinary stability for 100 h. An anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) electrolyzer assembled with such freestanding carbon electrode requires only a lower cell voltage of 2.43 V to achieve ampere‐level current of 4.0 A for hydrogen production without significant performance degradation. These advantages reveal the great potential of this strategy in designing cost‐effective freestanding electrode with monometallic, bimetallic, or trimetallic species based on abundant natural wood resources for water splitting.
Multifunctional High Entropy Alloys Enabled by Severe Lattice Distortion
Authors: Wang Hang , He Quanfeng , Gao Xiang , Shang Yinghui , Zhu Wenqing , Zhao Weijiang , Chen Zhaoqi , Gong Hao , Yang Yong
Published: August 2023

Since 2004, the design of high entropy alloys (HEAs) has generated significant interest within the materials science community due to their exceptional structural and functional properties. By incorporating multiple principal elements into a common lattice, it is possible to create a single‐phase crystal with a highly distorted lattice. This unique feature enables HEAs to offer a promising combination of mechanical and physical properties that are not typically observed in conventional alloys. In this article, an extensive overview of multifunctional HEAs that exhibit severe lattice distortion is provided, covering the theoretical models that are developed to understand lattice distortion, the experimental and computational methods employ to characterize lattice distortion, and most importantly, the impact of severe lattice distortion on the mechanical, physical and electrochemical properties of HEAs. Through this review, it is hoped to stimulate further research into the study of distorted lattices in crystalline solids.
On‐Chip Monolithically Integrated Ultraviolet Low‐Threshold Plasmonic Metal‒Semiconductor Heterojunction Nanolasers
Authors: Sun Jia‐Yuan , Nguyen Duc Huy , Liu Jia‐Ming , Lo Chia‐Yao , Ma Yuan‐Ron , Chen Yi‐Jia , Yi Jui‐Yun , Huang Jian‐Zhi , Giap Hien , Nguyen Hai Yen Thi , Liao Chun‐Da , Lin Ming‐Yi , Lai Chien‐Chih
Published: August 2023

The metal‒semiconductor heterojunction is imperative for the realization of electrically driven nanolasers for chip‐level platforms. Progress in developing such nanolasers has hitherto rarely been realized, however, because of their complexity in heterojunction fabrication and the need to use noble metals that are incompatible with microelectronic manufacturing. Most plasmonic nanolasers lase either above a high threshold (101‒103 MW cm−2) or at a cryogenic temperature, and lasing is possible only after they are removed from the substrate to avoid the large ohmic loss and the low modal reflectivity, making monolithic fabrication impossible. Here, for the first time, record‐low‐threshold, room‐temperature ultraviolet (UV) lasing of plasmon‐coupled core‒shell nanowires that are directly grown on silicon is demonstrated. The naturally formed core‒shell metal‒semiconductor heterostructure of the nanowires leads to a 100‐fold improvement in growth density over previous results. This unprecedentedly high nanowire density creates intense plasmonic resonance, which is outcoupled to the resonant Fabry‒Pérot microcavity. By boosting the emission strength by a factor of 100, the hybrid photonic‒plasmonic system successfully facilitates a record‐low laser threshold of 12 kW cm−2 with a spontaneous emission coupling factor as high as ≈0.32 in the 340‒360 nm range. Such architecture is simple and cost‐competitive for future UV sources in silicon integration.
Boosting Wavelength‐Selective Absorption and Photocarrier Collection in NiO/ZnO Transparent Photovoltaic Heterojunctions by Plasmonic Ag Nanowire Top Electrodes
Authors: Song Jungeun , Patel Malkeshkumar , Johannesson Sara Evelyn , Cho Kayoung , Park JaeHong , Kim Joondong , Kim Dong‐Wook
Published: August 2023

Global climate change has compelled many to rely on photovoltaic (PV) technology to meet the highly demanding energy needs of urban areas. In particular, transparent photovoltaic (TPV) devices can be utilized for building windows, not only supplying electric energy but also improving the overall thermal efficiency of a building. In this work, NiO/ZnO wide‐bandgap oxide TPV heterojunctions are fabricated with Ag nanowire (NW) top electrodes and their PV characteristics are investigated. Special attention is paid to the contributions of surface plasmon (SP) excitation in AgNWs to the PV performance of the TPV device. Light polarized perpendicular to the AgNW axis induces a localized SP resonance in AgNWs at a wavelength of 400 nm, as shown by optical measurements and calculations. The investigation on how the plasmonic AgNWs affect real‐space electric potential distributions and local current‐voltage characteristics of the TPV devices uses Kelvin probe force microscopy and current‐sensing atomic force microscopy, respectively. The spatial redistribution and transport of photogenerated charge carriers strongly depend on the polarization as well as the wavelength of incident light. The results demonstrate that the AgNW‐based top electrodes boost the wavelength‐selective absorption and the effective collection of photocarriers in TPV devices.
Prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: Sex does not matter
Authors: Yen Yi‐Hao , Li Wei‐Feng , Kee Kwong‐Ming , Wang Chih‐Chi
Published: August 2023

Although sex‐related disparities in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence have been well‐reported, whether any such disparities exist in HCC prognosis remains controversial. We aim to characterize sex‐related differences in HCC presentation and prognosis. Consecutive patients who were newly diagnosed with HCC between 2011 and 2020 at our institution were enrolled in this retrospective study. Of the 3977 identified patients diagnosed with HCC between January 2011 and December 2020, 72.2% were men (n = 2871) and 27.8% were women (n = 1106). The age at HCC diagnosis was higher (p < .001), the proportion positive for hepatitis B surface antigen was lower (p < .001), the proportion positive for anti‐hepatitis C virus antibody was higher (p < .001), the proportion of alcoholics was lower (p < .001), the proportion with early stage tumor (i.e., Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer [BCLC] stages 0 and A) was higher (p < .001), the proportion with alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) >20 ng/mL was higher (p = .02), the proportion with cirrhosis was higher (p < .001), the proportion in receipt of liver resection was lower, and the proportion in receipt of ablation was higher (p < .001) among women than among men. Multivariate analysis showed that an age of >65 years (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.162; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.051–1.285; p = .003), BCLC stages B–D (HR = 2.660; 95% CI = 2.372–2.983; p < .001), AFP >20 ng/mL (HR = 1.776; 95% CI = 1.599–1.971; p < .001), and non‐curative treatment (HR = 3.248; 95% CI = 2.910–3.624; p < .001) were associated with mortality, whereas sex was not. Sex was not an independent predictor of mortality of patients with HCC.
Deep aspect extraction and classification for opinion mining in e‐commerce applications using convolutional neural network feature extraction followed by long short term memory attention model
Authors: Sharbatian Kamal , Moattar Mohammad Hossein
Published: August 2023

Users of e‐commerce websites review different aspects of a product in the comment section. In this research, an approach is proposed for opinion aspect extraction and recognition in selling systems. We have used the users' opinions from the Digikala website (www.Digikala.com), which is an Iranian e‐commerce company. In this research, a language‐independent framework is proposed that is adjustable to other languages. In this regard, after necessary text processing and preparation steps, the existence of an aspect in an opinion is determined using deep learning algorithms. The proposed model combines Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and long‐short‐term memory (LSTM) deep learning approaches. CNN is one of the best algorithms for extracting latent features from data. On the other hand, LSTM can detect latent temporal relationships among different words in a text due to its memory ability and attention model. The approach is evaluated on six classes of opinion aspects. Based on the experiments, the proposed model's accuracy, precision, and recall are 70%, 60%, and 85%, respectively. The proposed model was compared in terms of the above criteria with CNN, Naive Bayes, and SVM algorithms and showed satisfying performance.
The rise of coastal Middle Bronze Age Levant – A multidisciplinary approach for investigating in Sidon, Lebanon
Authors: Maaranen N. , Stantis C. , Kharobi A. , Zakrzewski S. , Schutkowski H. , Doumet‐Serhal C.
Published: August 2023

Objectives

The Levantine Middle Bronze Age (MBA, circa 2000–1500 BCE) marks a period of increased trade and regional interaction, spurred on by technological developments. In light of previous research exhibiting limited mobility in Sidon, further investigation was conducted using biodistance analysis to understand local population history and site development.

Materials and Methods

Dental nonmetric traits, a proxy for genetic information, were explored using ASUDAS on a sub‐sample of primary inhumations (n = 35). The biodistance matrix was generated using Gower distance measures, and further tested using PERMDISP, PERMANOVA, Mantel test and hierarchical cluster analysis. The data was also contrasted to 87Sr/86Sr and δ18O as well as δ13C and δ15N values.

Results

There were no significant diachronic differences in isotopes values, and there was biological continuity (n = 35, Mantel test r = 0.11, p = 0.02, comparing local phases and biodistance). The analysis also suggested of a sub‐group of individuals with biological proximity shared a more limited range of mobility and dietary habits.

Conclusions

The isotopes (87Sr/86Sr, δ18O, δ13C, δ15N) and biodistance analysis conducted on the Sidon College site skeletal assemblage exhibits stability and continuity of the people, despite the site's increasing role in the maritime network. This continuity may have been a key factor in Sidon's success, allowing it to accumulate wealth and resources for centuries to come.
The sigma‐1 receptor‐TAMM41 axis modulates neuroinflammation and attenuates memory impairment during the latent period of epileptogenesis
Authors: Ji Jianlun , Gao Ce , Wang Qinghua , Jia Xiaoxia , Tian Hao , Wei Yaqin , Liu Zhidong , Wang Yun , Guo Lin
Published: August 2023

Background

Therapy in the latent period is favorable for retarding the process of epileptogenesis. Recently, we have discovered that the activated sigma‐1 receptor (Sig‐1R) attenuates the hippocampus pathological injury and memory impairment in the latent period of epileptogenesis. But the molecular mechanism needs further investigation.

Methods

PRE‐084 was utilized as a research tool to highly selectively activate Sig‐1R in epileptic mice. After the treatment of PRE‐084, the pro‐inflammatory cytokines, neuropathological traits, and the level of mitochondrial translocator assembly and maintenance 41 homolog (TAMM41) in the hippocampus were examined. The mode in which the Sig‐1R interacts with TAMM41 was explored. The role of TAMM41 in the protecting effect of PRE‐084 was established.

Results

PRE‐084 inhibited the growth of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, reduced the formation of gliosis, alleviated neuronal damage in the hippocampus, and attenuated memory impairment in the latent period of epileptogenesis. The protein level of TAMM41 decreased in the hippocampi of epileptic mice and increased in the PRE‐084‐treated mice. The Sig‐1R bound with TAMM41 directly, maintaining the stability of TAMM41. Knockdown of TAMM41 reversed the protective effect of PRE‐084, and overexpression of TAMM41 exhibited a similar protective action to that of PRE‐084.

Conclusion

We presented the concept of the “sigma‐1 receptor–TAMM41 axis” and proposed that augmenting this axis can attenuate neuroinflammation and memory impairment in the process of epileptogenesis.
Warning about potential incidents of critical hyperkalemia during massive transfusion protocol after the preservation period of red blood cell products was extended in Japan
Authors: Uchida Kenichiro , Mizobata Yasumitsu
Published: August 2023

Background

Recently, the Japanese Red Cross Society approved extension of the preservation period of red blood cell products. Since then, we have already experienced two cases of critical hyperkalemia during massive transfusion protocol (MTP).

Case Presentation

Case 1, a 24‐year‐old man was stabbed in his right posterior chest. Although quick hemorrhage control was completed 35 min after arrival, his potassium level increased from 3.5 to 8.9 mEq/L within 40 min. Case 2, a 44‐year‐old man was transferred to our hospital after a car hit him. We immediately started resuscitation including MTP and opened his abdomen 24 min after arrival. His potassium level increased from 3.5 to 7.8 mEq/L within 38 min.

Conclusion

Although several other factors might be causing this rise in potassium, we consider the extended preservation periods of red blood cell products to be one cause of these unexpectedly rapid rises in potassium during MTP.
Quantum Nuclear Delocalization and its Rovibrational Fingerprints
Authors: Simkó Irén , Schran Christoph , Brieuc Fabien , Fábri Csaba , Asvany Oskar , Schlemmer Stephan , Marx Dominik , Császár Attila G.
Published: August 2023

Quantum mechanics dictates that nuclei must undergo some delocalization. In this work, emergence of quantum nuclear delocalization and its rovibrational fingerprints are discussed for the case of the van der Waals complex
. The equilibrium structure of
is planar and T‐shaped, one He atom solvating the quasi‐linear He−H+−He core. The dynamical structure of
, in all of its bound states, is fundamentally different. As revealed by spatial distribution functions and nuclear densities, during the vibrations of the molecule the solvating He is not restricted to be in the plane defined by the instantaneously bent
chomophore, but freely orbits the central proton, forming a three‐dimensional torus around the
chromophore. This quantum delocalization is observed for all vibrational states, the type of vibrational excitation being reflected in the topology of the nodal surfaces in the nuclear densities, showing, for example, that intramolecular bending involves excitation along the circumference of the torus.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Amides by a Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Asymmetric Wolff Rearrangement**
Authors: Pan Jia‐Bin , Yang Zhi‐Chun , Zhang Xuan‐Ge , Li Mao‐Lin , Zhou Qi‐Lin
Published: August 2023

The enantioselective addition of potent nucleophiles to ketenes poses challenges due to competing background reactions and poor stereocontrol. Herein, we present a method for enantioselective phosphoric acid catalyzed amination of ketenes generated from α‐aryl‐α‐diazoketones. Upon exposure to visible light, the diazoketones undergo Wolff rearrangement to generate ketenes. The phosphoric acid not only accelerates ketene capture by amines to form a single configuration of aminoenol intermediates but also promotes an enantioselective proton‐transfer reaction of the intermediates to yield the products. Mechanistic studies elucidated the reaction pathway and explained how the catalyst expedited the transformation and controlled the enantioselectivity.
Electroreductive Radical Borylation of Unactivated (Hetero)Aryl Chlorides Without Light by Using Cumulene‐Based Redox Mediators**
Authors: Lai Yihuan , Halder Arjun , Kim Jaehwan , Hicks Thomas J. , Milner Phillip J.
Published: August 2023

Single‐electron transfer (SET) plays a critical role in many chemical processes, from organic synthesis to environmental remediation. However, the selective reduction of inert substrates (Ep/2<−2 V vs Fc/Fc+), such as ubiquitous electron‐neutral and electron‐rich (hetero)aryl chlorides, remains a major challenge. Current approaches largely rely on catalyst photoexcitation to reach the necessary deeply reducing potentials or suffer from limited substrate scopes. Herein, we demonstrate that cumulenes–organic molecules with multiple consecutive double bonds–can function as catalytic redox mediators for the electroreductive radical borylation of (hetero)aryl chlorides at relatively mild cathodic potentials (approximately −1.9 V vs. Ag/AgCl) without the need for photoirradiation. Electrochemical, spectroscopic, and computational studies support that step‐wise electron transfer from reduced cumulenes to electron‐neutral chloroarenes is followed by thermodynamically favorable mesolytic cleavage of the aryl radical anion to generate the desired aryl radical intermediate. Our findings will guide the development of other sustainable, purely electroreductive radical transformations of inert molecules using organic redox mediators.
Modular Functionalization of Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Nitrogen Recovery from Fresh Urine**
Authors: Guo Lei , Zhang Yi , Osella Silvio , Webb Samuel M. , Yang Xue‐Jing , Goddard William A. , Hoffmann Michael R.
Published: August 2023

Nitrogen recovery from wastewater represents a sustainable route to recycle reactive nitrogen (Nr). It can reduce the demand of producing Nr from the energy‐extensive Haber‐Bosch process and lower the risk of causing eutrophication simultaneously. In this aspect, source‐separated fresh urine is an ideal source for nitrogen recovery given its ubiquity and high nitrogen contents. However, current techniques for nitrogen recovery from fresh urine require high energy input and are of low efficiencies because the recovery target, urea, is a challenge to separate. In this work, we developed a novel fresh urine nitrogen recovery treatment process based on modular functionalized metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). Specifically, we employed three distinct modification methods to MOF‐808 and developed robust functional materials for urea hydrolysis, ammonium adsorption, and ammonia monitoring. By integrating these functional materials into our newly developed nitrogen recovery treatment process, we achieved an average of 75 % total nitrogen reduction and 45 % nitrogen recovery with a 30‐minute treatment of synthetic fresh urine. The nitrogen recovery process developed in this work can serve as a sustainable and efficient nutrient management that is suitable for decentralized wastewater treatment. This work also provides a new perspective of implementing versatile advanced materials for water and wastewater treatment.
Walk‐in clinic counselling for emotional regulation with low‐needs youth on the autism spectrum
Authors: McGuinty Jazlyn , Carlson Alain , Li Angela , Nelson John , Borges Michael
Published: August 2023

A single‐session consultation model for low‐needs youth on the autism spectrum is presented with the mental health concern of emotional self‐regulation, a common issue in family psychotherapy. This research is contextualised within the growing field of short‐term therapy as it intersects the growing demand to therapeutically address clients on the autism spectrum. The treatment intervention is delineated through five sequential phases within the walk‐in clinic setting for the practitioner clinician. A rationale, overview, and instruction for the practitioner clinician utilising this novel model is provided through a case study format. By using a more structured and integrated approach to treatment, organised through an externalised metaphor, it is suggested that the current model will be more effective for this specific clinical population. Additionally, a case illustration is provided that scaffolds the treatment model, which includes table formats and pictures. The case study illustrates the self‐regulation map metaphor visually and interactively linking client challenges, strategies, and motivations simultaneously on multiple electronic devices in session. Relevant works were selected to explore the effectiveness of single‐session consultation models for those presenting on the autism spectrum. Treatment interventions for specific clinical populations are recommended, especially within walk‐in clinic therapy. This clinical research introduces a paradigm shift towards therapeutically addressing emotional self‐regulation with low‐needs youth on the spectrum through virtual, interactive technology.
Numerical study on the effect of mass flux on the low frequency pressure oscillation occurred in oxygen jet condensation
Authors: Zhu Chengfeng , Li Yanzhong , Wang Lei , Ma Yuan , Xie Fushou
Published: August 2023

In the delivery pipeline of cryogenic liquid rockets, low‐frequency pressure oscillation always occurs with the oxygen jet condensation. It is a potential hazard to the normal operation of the propulsion system. It is necessary to study the characteristic of low‐frequency pressure oscillation precisely, especially the influence factors of frequency and amplitude. Aiming at the effect of mass flux on low‐frequency pressure oscillation, an oxygen injection condensation simulation is carried out based on a modified mass transfer model. The height function method is adopted to calculate the interfacial curvature, which is the key factor to capture the characteristic of pressure oscillation. The numerical result indicates that there are two typical oxygen jet condensation patterns under different mass fluxes: suck‐back chugging and slight pulsation. The amplitude of suck‐back chugging is 30–120 kPa, while that of slight pulsation is 1–3 kPa. When it comes to suck‐back chugging, the liquid oxygen suck‐back flow phenomenon occurs. The upper and lower boundaries are found to distinguish the suck‐back chugging and slight pulsation patterns, which are caused by the turbulent effect of liquid oxygen and the subcooling of liquid oxygen, respectively. The highest amplitude of pressure oscillation is about 114 kPa, appearing at the intersection of the upper and lower boundary. It is the most dangerous operation condition, which should be avoided in the design of the propulsion system. These conclusions provide sufficient theoretical guidance for the design of the cryogenic liquid rocket.
Silane modification of nanofibrillated cellulose and its effect on the properties of waterborne acrylic resin
Authors: Li Xinqi , Chen Jinghuan , Liu Jingang , Yang Kaiji
Published: August 2023

Nanofibrillated celluloses (NFC) have attracted tremendous attention as nanofillers to improve the mechanical properties of waterborne resin. In this study, NFC was prepared by mechanical fibrillation, and then modified respectively with three different types of silane coupling agents: γ‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550), γ‐(2, 3‐epoxypropoxy) propyl trimethoxysilane (KH560), and γ‐(methacryloyloxy) propyl trimethoxysilane (KH570). The obtained NFC and modified NFCs were physically mixed with water‐based acrylic resin (WAR) to prepare films by casting method. The NFC, silanized NFC, and films were analyzed by Malvern laser particle sizer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), water contact angle (WCA), rotational rheometer, and power stretchers, respectively. Results showed that NFCs were successfully prepared and modified. The KH570 modified NFC had a slightly smaller particle size, higher absolute Zeta potential and yield stress values, good thermal stability, and exhibited better dispersion and suspension stability in solution. However, the NFC modified by KH560 had the best improvement effect on the mechanical properties and hydrophobicity of WAR membranes. Adding only 0.3 wt% KH560 modified NFC could increase the tensile strength of WAR film by 131.9%, and the WCA of the film could be increased from 85.2° to 101.6°, which makes this study beneficial for promoting the application of nanofibrillated cellulose in WAR.
Otolith microchemistry highlights the importance of extensive connectivity for conservation of an iconic migratory fish in a large tropical river basin
Authors: Pease Allison A. , Jacobs Gregory R. , Mendoza‐Carranza Manuel , Rodiles‐Hernández Rocío , Wenger Seth J. , Capps Krista A.
Published: August 2023

Migratory fishes exert important influences on tropical river food webs, but these species are often most vulnerable to environmental change. Movement patterns of fishes in tropical rivers are also generally poorly understood, hindering conservation efforts.

Common snook, Centropomus undecimalis, depend on connected coastal habitats for reproduction and growth and can migrate extensively up rivers when not hindered by barriers to movement. In southern Mexico, they are frequently captured 300 river km or more upstream from the delta of the Usumacinta River. The Usumacinta is a large river system with no mainstem dams, providing an expansive network of connected river, stream and wetland habitats which form a much larger migratory domain that exists in many other systems where common snook have been studied.

To assess whether fish captured in different zones were associated with different natal habitats or distinct migratory patterns, variation in common snook otolith chemical signatures was examined in the Usumacinta River from the Gulf of Mexico coast to as far as 600 river km upriver.

Otolith microchemistry was useful for characterizing migratory histories of individuals, but there was no clear evidence that fish captured in different river zones used different types of natal habitats. Based on lifetime Sr:Ca in otoliths, a diverse array of movement patterns was evident in the Usumacinta system, with 97% of common snook showing evidence of freshwater habitat use.

Prevalent use of riverine habitats by common snook far from the coast reinforces the need to preserve connectivity in the Usumacinta River and other undammed systems supporting migratory species. The natural flow regime and lack of barriers allow for longitudinal and lateral connectivity in this system, providing pathways for migratory species to move extensively and have access to an array of habitats, including productive floodplain lagoons.
Three Isomeric Tetraphenylethylene‐pyridine Compounds: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Zhu Rui , Pan Yangyang , Yu Hongbo , Huang Chengxin , Tian Hanxiao , Wang Tian , Xu Jingjing , Xiao Shengxiong
Published: August 2023

Many aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) molecules based on tetraphenylethylene (TPE) structure have been synthesized, but a clear understanding of the photophysical difference between different isomeric pyridyl‐based tetraphenylethylene molecules remains elusive. Herein, we designed a series of isomeric tetraphenylethylene‐pyridines (o‐Py‐TPE, m‐Py‐TPE, p‐Py‐TPE) to investigate the influence of the position of N atoms in the pyridine subunit on the photophysical property of the whole molecule by detailed DFT calculations and single‐crystal structures analysis. All compounds show typical AIE properties, and notably, the meta pyridyl isomer (m‐Py‐TPE) shows the highest solid photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) up to 64.56 %. Further investigation and DFT calculations indicate that the center C=C bond dihedral angles of the TPE subunit in the solid state of these compounds, which are affected by C−H⋅⋅⋅π interaction, play a vital role in their emission and PLQY properties. This work provides underlying principles for the design of pyridyl‐based TPE molecules with high photoluminescent performance in the future.
Distributed extended state observer design and output feedback anti‐disturbance control for nonlinear interconnected systems: A dynamic memory event‐triggered mechanism
Authors: Liu Yujie , Sun Haibin , Hou Linlin
Published: August 2023

This paper investigates a distributed extended state observer design and output feedback anti‐disturbance control for nonlinear interconnected systems (ISs) with multiple disturbances. First, a distributed extended state observer with a sparse observer communication network is established to estimate the system states and external disturbances. Then, an output feedback controller with a disturbance compensation (DC) item is designed, where a novel dynamic memory event‐triggered mechanism (DMETM) is proposed to save communication resources. Third, under the proposed controller, the closed‐loop signals are bounded and the system states and the estimation errors converge to zero. Additionally, the system outputs satisfy
performance. Finally, the simulation examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the DMETM in reducing the number of data transmissions compared to the dynamic event‐triggered mechanism (ETM).
Bootstrapping through discrete convolutional methods
Authors: Clark Jared M. , Warr Richard L.
Published: August 2023

Bootstrapping was designed to randomly resample data from a fixed sample using Monte Carlo techniques. However, the original sample itself defines a discrete distribution. Convolutional methods are well suited for discrete distributions, and we show the advantages of utilizing these techniques for bootstrapping. The discrete convolutional approach can provide exact numerical solutions for bootstrap quantities, or at least mathematical error bounds. In contrast, Monte Carlo bootstrap methods can only provide confidence intervals which converge slowly. Additionally, for some problems the computation time of the convolutional approach can be dramatically less than that of Monte Carlo resampling. This article provides several examples of bootstrapping using the proposed convolutional technique and compares the results to those of the Monte Carlo bootstrap, and to those of the competing saddlepoint method.
Adverse events related to accessory devices used during ureteroscopy: Findings from a 10‐year analysis of the Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database
Authors: Juliebø‐Jones Patrick , Somani Bhaskar K. , Mykoniatis Ioannis , Hameed B. M. Zeeshan , Tzelves Lazaros , Æsøy Mathias S. , Gjengstø Peder , Moen Christian Arvei , Beisland Christian , Ulvik Øyvind
Published: August 2023

Objectives

The objective of this study was to evaluate adverse events and device events related to accessories used during ureteroscopy (URS).

Materials and methods

Analysis was performed of the records available in the Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience database in the United States. Information was collected on characteristics of problem, timing, manufacturer verdict, successful completion of planned surgery, prolonged anaesthesia and injury to patient or staff.

Results

Five‐hundred seventy‐one events related to URS accessories were recorded. These were associated with the following devices: baskets (n = 347), access sheath (n = 86), guidewires (n = 78), balloon dilators (n = 27), ARDs (n = 17) and ureteral catheters (n = 16). Of the events, 12.7% resulted in patient injuries. Forty‐eight per cent of the events resulted in prolonged anaesthesia, but the planned surgery was successfully completed in 78.4% of all cases. Collectively, the manufacturers accepted responsibility due to actual device failure in only 0.5% of cases. Common problems for baskets were failure to deploy (39.5%) and complete detachment of basket head (34.6%) and partial breakage of the basket head (12.4%). Of the basket group, 4.3% required open or percutaneous surgery to remove stuck basket. Full break of the body of the access sheath occurred in 41.9% and complete ureteral avulsion in 3.5%. For balloon dilators, there was a burst in 37% of cases. Broken guidewires were associated with 11.5% requiring repeat intervention for retrieval and 6.4% required JJ stent due to perforation to the collecting system. No injuries to operating staff were recorded with accessory usage.

Conclusion

Accessories used during URS are fragile. Potential for serious injury does exist as a direct result of their use. Surgeons should familiarise themselves with these events and how they can be prevented.
Development of an educational low‐cost and ESP32‐based platform for fundamental physics
Authors: Cherifi Tarek , Salag Aicha , Kerrouchi Slimane
Published: August 2023

This paper describes how to implement a new low‐cost modular and open‐source didactic platform using an ESP32 board. The latter is designed to be used in undergraduate fundamental physics in the context of preparatory classes for engineering training. Thus, we intend to create a platform that will serve both teachers and students as a concrete means of carrying out and exploiting certain experimental processes by themselves. In this context, Android devices are used together with electronics development boards to realize this platform with reduced material costs available as open‐source hardware and software licenses. Tests and results are presented and the goal is then attempted. The results of this work will provide a new insight into the work carried out in this theme.
Initial refinement of data from video‐based single‐cell tracking
Authors: Korsnes Mónica Suárez , Korsnes Reinert
Published: August 2023

Background

Video recording of cells offers a straightforward way to gain valuable information from their response to treatments. An indispensable step in obtaining such information involves tracking individual cells from the recorded data. A subsequent step is reducing such data to represent essential biological information. This can help to compare various single‐cell tracking data yielding a novel source of information. The vast array of potential data sources highlights the significance of methodologies prioritizing simplicity, robustness, transparency, affordability, sensor independence, and freedom from reliance on specific software or online services.

Methods

The provided data presents single‐cell tracking of clonal (A549) cells as they grow in two‐dimensional (2D) monolayers over 94 hours, spanning several cell cycles. The cells are exposed to three different concentrations of yessotoxin (YTX). The data treatments showcase the parametrization of population growth curves, as well as other statistical descriptions. These include the temporal development of cell speed in family trees with and without cell death, correlations between sister cells, single‐cell average displacements, and the study of clustering tendencies.

Results

Various statistics obtained from single‐cell tracking reveal patterns suitable for data compression and parametrization. These statistics encompass essential aspects such as cell division, movements, and mutual information between sister cells.

Conclusion

This work presents practical examples that highlight the abundant potential information within large sets of single‐cell tracking data. Data reduction is crucial in the process of acquiring such information which can be relevant for phenotypic drug discovery and therapeutics, extending beyond standardized procedures. Conducting meaningful big data analysis typically necessitates a substantial amount of data, which can stem from standalone case studies as an initial foundation.
A real‐world study on the prevalence and risk factors of medication related osteonecrosis of the jaw in cancer patients with bone metastases treated with Denosumab
Authors: Bracchi Paola , Zecca Ernesto , Brunelli Cinzia , Miceli Rosalba , Tinè Gabriele , Maniezzo Massimo , Lo Dico Silvia , Caputo Mariangela , Shkodra Morena , Caraceni Augusto T.
Published: August 2023

Aim

Assessing the incidence of Medication Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ) in cancer patients with bone metastases receiving Denosumab (Dmab) and identifying potential risk factors.

Methods

A retrospective observational study on consecutive cancer patients with bone metastases, who received at least one dose of Dmab and one follow‐up visit. MRONJ crude cumulative incidence (CCI) was estimated considering death without MRONJ as competing event. Multiple regression models were used to study the association between MRONJ incidence and potential risk factors: age, cancer diagnosis, previous bisphosphonates, dental treatments before starting Dmab, extraction or other dental treatment during Dmab, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and antiangiogenic (AA) agents concurrent use.

Results

On 780 patients included (median follow‐up 17 months), 54% and 18% had, respectively, breast and prostate cancer. The mean number of Dmab administration was 12. Fifty‐six patients developed MRONJ with a 24‐ and a 48‐month crude cumulative incidence of 5.7% (95% Cl: 4.2%–7.8%) and 9.8% (95% CI: 7.6%–12.7%), respectively. Higher MRONJ incidence was significantly associated with middle aged group (>56 and ≤73), both at univariate and multivariate analysis (p = 0.029 and 0.0106). Dental treatments (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 3.67; p = 0.0001), dental extractions (HR = 23.40; p < 0.0001), and previous BP administration (HR = 2.62; p = 0.0024) were significantly associated with higher MRONJ incidence at multivariate Cox analysis. Although not statistically significant, MRONJ incidence was lower for patients receiving chemotherapy or hormone therapy and higher for those receiving AAs.

Conclusions

The results confirm a clinically relevant incidence of Dmab‐induced MRONJ. Dental treatments, especially extraction, during and before Dmab, constitute a serious risk factor. The role of AA concurrent administration deserves further investigations.
Oral uracil–tegafur compared with intravenous chemotherapy as adjuvant therapy for resected early‐stage non‐small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Liang Sheng‐Kai , Wu Chang‐Wei , Chang Ching‐I , Keng Li‐Ta , Lee Meng‐Rui , Wang Jann‐Yuan , Ko Jen‐Chung , Liao Wei‐Yu , Chen Kuan‐Yu , Ho Chao‐Chi , Shih Jin‐Yuan , Yu Chong‐Jen
Published: August 2023

Background

Studies comparing the effectiveness of either adjuvant oral uracil‐tegafur (UFT) or intravenous chemotherapy on early‐stage (stage I and II) non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with complete surgical treatment remain limited.

Methods

From January 2011 to December 2017, patients with early‐stage NSCLC (defined as tumor size >3 cm without mediastinal lymph node involvement or any distant metastasis) receiving either adjuvant oral UFT or intravenous chemotherapy after surgical resection were identified from the Taiwan Cancer Registry. Overall survival (OS) and relapse‐free survival (RFS) were the primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. Propensity matching was used for controlling confounders.

Results

A total of 840 patients receiving adjuvant therapy after surgery (including 595 oral UFT and 245 intravenous chemotherapy) were enrolled. Before matching, patients using oral UFT had significantly longer OS (HR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.49–0.98, p = 0.0387) and RFS (HR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.61–0.97, p = 0.0392) than those with intravenous chemotherapy. A matched cohort of 352 patients was created using 1:1 propensity score‐matching. In the Cox regression analysis, the UFT and the matched chemotherapy groups had similar OS (HR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.48–1.32, p = 0.3753) and RFS (HR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.72–1.34, p = 0.9149). Among subgroup analysis, oral UFT use was associated with longer RFS among the subgroups of non‐drinker (HR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.34–0.99, p = 0.0478) and patients with stage IB disease (HR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.42–0.97, p = 0.0341).

Conclusions

This population‐based study in the real‐world setting of Taiwan demonstrates comparable effectiveness between oral UFT and intravenous chemotherapy in terms of clinical outcomes for early‐stage NSCLC patients after surgery.
The development of a research‐led approach to train new research supervisors for psychotherapy and counselling psychology doctoral programmes
Authors: McBeath Alistair , Bager‐Charleson Sofie
Published: August 2023

The origins and development of a bespoke training programme for research supervisors for psychotherapy and counselling doctoral programmes are outlined with reference to a new research‐led conceptual model of research supervision called the 3Cs relational model of research supervision. Some examples of earlier conceptual models of research supervision are given as well as details of a nationwide research supervision programme. It is argued that psychotherapy and counselling psychology are such specialist areas that a bespoke research supervision teaching programme is required. The development and content of the programme is described with a strong emphasis on the creation of, as well as the acquisition of, knowledge. There was confirmation of the pedagogic validity of the 3Cs relational model of supervision. The need for research supervisors to embrace cultural competence is underlined.