bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
H2 Fluorescent Emission from the Diffuse Interstellar Medium
Authors: Neufeld David A.
Published: October 2024

Near-IR spectroscopy, which can now be performed at unprecedented sensitivity with the NIRSpec instrument on JWST, can offer a novel probe of diffuse clouds through the observation of H2 fluorescent emissions. Whereas previous observations of interstellar H2 fluorescent emissions were primarily confined to dense clouds lying close to a source of UV radiation, JWST opens the possibility of detecting such emissions from diffuse molecular clouds exposed to the average radiation field in the Galaxy. A simple analytic model is presented to predict the near-IR H2 fluorescent line intensities emitted by diffuse interstellar clouds with a Plummer density profile. It is applicable to sightlines where the column densities of H and H2 have been measured and the peak gas density can be estimated.
Direct Evidence for Preburst Stage of Gamma-Ray Burst from GRB 221009A Data
Authors: Liu Qing , Song Hanlin , Ma Bo-Qiang
Published: October 2024

Previous research on Lorentz invariance violation in photons from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) suggested a scenario where multi-GeV photons could be emitted before lower-energy photons at the GRB source frame. This implies the existence of a new preburst phase in addition to the traditionally identified prompt and afterglow stages observed in earlier studies. In this study, we present direct evidence for this novel preburst phase in GRBs based on recent observations of GRB 221009A. Our analysis leverages data from the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor and Large Area Telescope detectors of the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, as well as data from the KM2A detector of the Large High Altitude Air-shower Observatory.
Sensitivity of Global Oscillation Frequencies to Solar Activity on Short Timescales
Authors: Tripathy Sushanta C. , Jain Kiran
Published: October 2024

Sun’s oscillations frequencies vary with the changing magnetic activity and hold a strong positive correlation. While most of the analysis for global modes have been carried out using time series longer than a solar rotation, only a few studies are available showing their variation on shorter timescales. Using Doppler observations from Global Oscillation Network Group during the period 1995–2024, we analyze oscillation frequencies computed on a timescale of nine days and compare them with those obtained from 108 days. We also study their sensitivity in cycles 23 and 24 to the change in solar activity as represented by the 10.7 cm radio flux.
Rhizosphere microbial community structure in the water-level-fluctuation zone under distinct waterlogging stresses
Authors: Zhou Lanfang , Wu Shengjun , Ma Maohua , Zou Hang , Huang Jinxia , Yang Jun
Published: October 2024

Rhizosphere microbial communities are believed to be vital in the adaption of dominant plants to strong waterlogging stress in the water-level-fluctuation zone (WLFZ). However, limited knowledge is available on their patterns in the WLFZ under distinct waterlogging stresses. Here, rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities derived from two typical dominant plants (Rumex acetosa L. and Oxybasis glauca) in the WLFZ of Three Gorges Reservoir, China were analysed through high-throughput sequencing. A total of 63 phyla, 173 classes, 259 orders, 287 families and 518 genera of bacteria, as well as 15 phyla, 50 classes, 124 orders, 265 families and 652 genera of fungi were detected in soils with different waterlogging stress intensities. The most dominant bacterial and fungal phyla in each sample are Proteobacteria and Ascomycota, respectively. Bacteria and fungi in soil may increase their microbial ɑ diversity under the intensity of waterlogging stress to cope with this stress. LEfSe analysis showed that the impact of waterlogging stress on fungal community structure in soil is more prominent than that on bacteria. Key fungal biomarkers can be found in each soil sample, but in many samples, key bacterial biomarkers cannot be found. The metabolic pathways related to aerobic respiration type I and de novo biosynthesis of adenosine ribonucleotides dominate in the microbial community. Redundancy analysis revealed that the structure of rhizosphere microbial communities in different plants is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This study provides a theoretical basis for understanding the relationship between plants and their second genome (rhizosphere microorganisms) in extreme habitats, such as the WLFZ of large reservoirs.
Managing incomplete general hesitant linguistic preference relations and their application
Authors: Zhao Lei
Published: October 2024

Hesitant linguistic preference relations (HLPRs) are useful tools for decision makers (DMs) to express their qualitative judgements. However, the traditional HLPRs have one prominent drawback, which is to sort the linguistic values in a hesitant linguistic set. This will distort the DMs' initial judgements. In the present paper, a revised definition of HLPR, called general HLPR (GHLPR), was proposed. A characterization was explored for LPRs. Then, the characterization was extended to GHLPRs. Based on the characterization, the estimation of unknown entries in incomplete GHLPRs were carried out by two algorithms. The group decision-making problems with incomplete GHLPRs were settled by another algorithm. Finally, a case study was illustrated, and comparisons showed that our methods were more reasonable than the existent methods.
Approximate controllability of second-order neutral stochastic differential evolution systems with random impulsive effect and state-dependent delay
Authors: You Chunli , Shu Linxin , Shu Xiao-bao
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we have discussed a class of second-order neutral stochastic differential evolution systems, based on the Wiener process, with random impulses and state-dependent delay. The system is an extension of impulsive stochastic differential equations, since its random effect is not only from stochastic disturbances but also from the random sequence of the impulse occurrence time. By using the cosine operator semigroup theory, stochastic analysis theorem, and the measure of noncompactness, the existence of solutions was obtained. Then, giving appropriate assumptions, the approximate controllability of the considered system was inferred. Finally, two examples were given to illustrate the effectiveness of our work.
Dynamical analysis of an ecological aquaculture management model with stage-structure and nonlinear impulsive releases for larval predators
Authors: Wu Lin , Jiao Jianjun , Dai Xiangjun , Zhou Zeli
Published: October 2024

Ecological aquaculture represents an important approach for maintaining sustainable economic income. Unreasonable aquaculture may result in resource wastage and population extinction. Human activities and behaviors such as predation among populations make the ecosystem very complex. Thus, seeking an appropriate intervention strategy is a favorable measure to overcome this situation. In this paper, we present a novel ecological aquaculture management model with stage-structure and impulsive nonlinear releasing larval predators. The sufficient conditions for the prey and the predators coexistence as well as global stability of a prey-vanishing periodic solution were obtained using the Floquet theorem and other analytic tactics. Subsequently, we verified our findings using mathematical software. We also found a system with a nonlinear impulse exhibiting rich dynamical properties by drawing bifurcation parameter graphs. These findings provide a firm theoretical basis for managing ecological aquaculture.
Provoked
Authors: Kincade Lolita L.
Published: October 2024

With growing research on the adverse effects of gendered racism impacting Black women in higher education, this chapter explores the author's lived experiences navigating such challenges, drawing connections to relevant empirical findings. This chapter further provides a thorough examination of mental health, and an in-depth exploration of measures to support mental wellness, well-being, and retention of Black women in the academy, including conditions of psychological safety. The Social-Ecological Model (SEM) of Support for Women of Color is used to guide the development of effective interventions through social environments at individual and interpersonal levels.
Empowered to Lead
Authors: Lewis-Strickland Kendra
Published: October 2024

This chapter, written by a Black woman mid-career leader with more than a decade of experience in higher education, explores the intersection of resilience, psychological safety, and the challenges faced by Black women professionals. Through two defining moments in her career, the author highlights the crucial role of psychological safety in shaping her personal and professional journey. This chapter positions psychological safety and resilience as vital for Black women in higher education. It combines personal narratives, research, and practical strategies, stressing the need for leaders to create empowering environments and for institutions to be intentionally designed with Black women in mind. The author's two pivotal experiences—early career challenges and navigating personal difficulties —illustrate the impact of psychological safety on her confidence and professional growth. These accounts provide insights into resilient coping mechanisms and institutional culture change.
AI Technologies for Personalised and Sustainable Tourism
Authors: Eswaran Ushaa , Eswaran Vivek , Eswaran Vishal
Published: October 2024

This chapter explores the intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies with personalized and sustainable tourism practices. It examines how AI is revolutionizing the travel industry by enabling tailored experiences for tourists while simultaneously promoting environmental conservation and cultural preservation. The research investigates various AI applications, including recommendation systems, chatbots, predictive analytics, and smart destination management. Through a comprehensive literature review, case studies, and experimental research, this chapter demonstrates the potential of AI to enhance tourist satisfaction, optimize resource allocation, and mitigate the negative impacts of mass tourism. The findings highlight both the opportunities and challenges associated with implementing AI in the tourism sector, providing insights for industry stakeholders, policymakers, and researchers.
AI-Driven Personalization in Tourism
Authors: Kumar A. V. Senthil , Mosikan M. , Dutta Amit , L. Manjunatha Rao , Musirin Ismail Bin , Akula Venkata Shesha Giridhar , Khalid Saifullah , Yalavarthi Suresh Babu , D. V. Chandra Shekar , R. V. Suganya , Dulhare Uma N. , S. K. Tiwari
Published: October 2024

This chapter delves into the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies on the tourism sector, focusing on personalized and sustainable travel experiences. It explores how AI-driven recommendation systems, chatbots, and predictive analytics revolutionize personalization by analyzing vast datasets to tailor travel recommendations based on individual preferences. The chapter also addresses challenges such as data privacy and ethical considerations, emphasizing the need for responsible AI implementation. Looking ahead, the chapter underscores the potential for further AI-driven innovations to enhance personalized and sustainable tourism experiences, paving the way for a more efficient, enjoyable, and eco-conscious travel industry. Through AI, the tourism industry can offer travellers highly personalized experiences while minimizing their environmental impact. As AI technologies continue to advance, there is a growing opportunity to create a more sustainable and responsible tourism sector that meets the needs of both travellers and the planet.
AI-Driven Personalized Room Management in the Modern Hotel Industry
Authors: Talukder Mohammad Badruddoza , Kabir Firoj , Jibon Ferdaus Anam
Published: October 2024

This study examines how AI-driven personalized room management systems affect modern hotel operational efficiency and guest satisfaction. AI improves passenger pleasure, manages hotel operations, and addresses emerging hospitality industry concerns. The authors got all the data from academic and industry studies and previous articles. According to the results, AI-powered personalized room management systems offer predictive maintenance, tailored services, energy management, and customized room settings. However, ROI measurement, personal contact, and integration are challenges. Despite these challenges, AI optimize operations and improve guest happiness in the hospitality business. Limitations include the difficulty of evaluating AI solutions' return on investment, the necessity for ongoing upgrades and revisions, and ethical issues about data privacy and security. This work adds to hospitality AI literature by addressing significant problems and highlighting potential benefits. Hoteliers may use AI-driven personalized room management to improve guest experiences and operational efficiency.
AI-Powered Solutions for Sustainable Tourism Practices Through Wildlife Conservation Initiatives
Authors: Masvingise Kudzai , Mujuru Nyarai Margaret
Published: October 2024

As global tourism rises, wildlife habitats deteriorate, leading to human-animal competition and a surge in illegal activities threatening wildlife conservation. This necessitates new conservation approaches. Effective wildlife conservation is crucial for sustainable tourism and leaving a legacy. This chapter explores AI's role in enhancing sustainable tourism through wildlife conservation as well as maps the research landscape. Literature review and science mapping using Scopus and VOSviewer revealed a growing interest in this field post-2010. Limited empirical research addresses the intersection of AI, sustainable tourism, and wildlife conservation comprehensively. Future research should focus on AI solutions for sustainable tourism through wildlife conservation, as AI continues to revolutionise various disciplines and systems.
Smart Tourism and Co-Creation of the Tourism Experience
Authors: Bentalha Badr
Published: October 2024

With the union of information and communication technologies, tourism is continuing a genuine transition to e-tourism. This mutation of ICT and the advent of the virtual community are constantly transforming the behavior of both producers and consumers of tourism products. While tourism companies continue to make massive use of the media, particularly social networks, to win over new customers, tourists, on the other hand, are looking to use them as a lever to actively participate in the creation of experiential value. So, to what extent does the use of social networks encourage the co-creation of the tourist experience, and how can future technologies modify tourist experiences? Through a qualitative netnographic study, the authors found that social networks actively contribute to the co-creation of tourism value, especially via the informational, interactive, and curatorial dimensions.
Engineering, Project Management, and Artificial Intelligence Roles in Diversified Portfolio Projects
Authors: Sedky Ahmed
Published: October 2024

Business diversification enables firms to achieve revenues but comes with increased risks when compared to operating in a single industry. Business diversification risks range from wrong investments to a total failure to compete with market competition and complete withdrawal from those markets. Business leaders invest in finding means to successfully diversify their business to achieve business sustainability and success. Grounded in the modern portfolio theory, the purpose of this chapter is to explore if integrating engineering management, project management, and artificial intelligence may sustain projects across diversified business portfolios. Data were collected from a review of previous literature and cases of successful integrations of engineering and project management and artificial intelligence from well-known brands globally. A key recommendation is to invest in such an integration. The integration may allow business leaders to sustain projects across diversified business portfolios, maintain operations, and contribute to communities' stability and economic growth.
Emotional Intelligence in Business
Authors: Reis da Silva Tiago Manuel Horta , Hammett Rick , Low Gary
Published: October 2024

This chapter explores the critical role of Emotional Intelligence (EI) in modern business environments, emphasizing its impact on leadership, collaboration, and overall organisational performance. By integrating theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence, the chapter elucidates how EI contributes to effective leadership, fosters team collaboration, and enhances performance metrics. The discussion extends to practical applications, providing strategies for developing EI within corporate settings and its implications for business outcomes. The chapter concludes with insights into future research directions and the evolving significance of EI in increasingly complex business landscapes.
Promotion of Sustainable Marketing
Authors: Mandal Pratap Chandra
Published: October 2024

Environmental sustainability should be embraced by companies. The objective of the study is to analyze the connections between sustainable marketing and business strategies and actions towards promotion of sustainable marketing. The methodology adopted is a conceptual analysis of the aspects related to environmental sustainability, sustainable marketing, and business strategies and actions towards promotion of sustainable marketing. Sustainable marketing principles relate to consumer-oriented marketing, customer value marketing, innovative marketing, sense-of-mission marketing, and societal marketing. The responsibilities of companies towards promotion of sustainable marketing and initiatives by companies are discussed. The discussions will sensitize both academicians and practicing managers about their responsibilities towards environmental sustainability, customers, and towards the society. Such understanding will allow businesses to maintain environmental sustainability while generating returns for themselves and while achieving business excellence in the long run.
Desirable Ability in Supply Chain Management and Adaptability to Adjust to Business Environmental Changes
Authors: Shaikh Zuber Peermohammed
Published: October 2024

Overview of crisis reaction phases for supply chains associated with the regular flow shown. However, unlike recurring operational disruptions, a crisis triggers extreme demand-and supply-shocks such as panic buying and changes in purchasing behaviour along with severe shortages of essential resources and labour. The second imperative is the competitiveness of crisis management practices that sheds the spotlight on opportunities for supply chains. “A crisis is terrible thing to waste” implying socioeconomic rewards for businesses that fine-tune their operations during crises, such as firms providing telecommunications services for remote work during a pandemic. Additionally, the Global Crisis survey suggests that crisis preparedness could become a basis for competitiveness of firms and supply chains. Current Chapter literates, SCM preparedness for crisis tends to exist as a function of desirable supply chain abilities, summarized, with melding concepts to create higher-order constructs such transiliency from resiliency and transformability, and leagility from leanness and agility.
Factors Affecting the Demand of Lab-Grown Diamonds
Authors: Khokhani Om Jagdishbhai , Mehra Pooja
Published: October 2024

The global demand for lab-grown diamonds, including in India, is rising, yet the factors driving this surge are not fully understood. The Union Budget 2023-2024 allocated ₹242.96 crores over five years to promote lab-grown diamond production at an Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), reflecting a shift towards consumer demand. This study investigates the factors shaping lab-grown diamond demand in India, gathering primary data from 364 respondents through stratified sampling. Statistical analyses using SPSS identify financial considerations, marketing efforts, and consumer behavior as key drivers. Social status, ethical concerns, and rarity perception also influence demand, highlighting diverse consumer decision-making in the market.
Global Supply Chain in Japan's IT Service Sector
Authors: Saisho Tetsuro
Published: October 2024

In today's global economy, global supply chains are being built in every business process from a perspective that transcends national and regional boundaries. In the past, efforts in building a global supply chain were initially focused on “visible products” of manufacturing and other industrial sectors. In recent years, however, the use of global supply chains in business strategies has spread beyond the manufacturing industry into such areas as the IT service sector, which target “invisible products.” Many developing and emerging countries in Asia have excellent IT companies and engineers as the IT service sector is one of the most suitable industries for starting a new business because there is no need to collect large capital investments or hold inventories of materials and components. For this reason, there is a high entrepreneurial spirit in the IT service fields in developing and emerging countries. This paper discusses the current state and challenges of global supply chains in Japan's IT service sector, in which Japanese and overseas IT companies are involved.
A Comprehensive Entrepreneurship Model for the Internationalization of Green Innovation Business
Authors: Vargas-Hernandez José G. , Vargas-González Omar C. , González-Ávila Francisco J.
Published: October 2024

The objective of this paper is to analyze the functioning of an integral model of entrepreneurship in green innovation business (GIB) that is currently emerging and in the process of internationalization. Therefore, this work aims to study the central perspectives of technology that are based on the phenomenon of entrepreneurship and thus develop a strategy that adapts to companies with an ecological basis to achieve internationalization. This article analyzes a particular company, which specializes in ecological biomineral organic fertilizer, where no chemical product is used to produce the composition, everything that is marketed is made up of a base of organic minerals and other organic compounds.
Social Impact of Circular Economy Startups
Authors: Kanwal Preet , Quttainah Majdi Anwar , Kumar Anish
Published: October 2024

Circular economy startups are pivotal in advancing sustainable and equitable economic models. This chapter explores their social impact, focusing on key metrics that highlight their contributions to environmental sustainability, economic development, social equity, and consumer engagement. By examining environmental benefits, job creation, inclusion practices, and supply chain sustainability, the chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of how these startups drive positive societal change. Challenges in measuring social impact are also discussed, emphasizing the need for standardized indicators and robust data collection. The findings underscore the importance of effective metrics in demonstrating the value of circular economy practices and guiding future developments. This exploration is crucial for stakeholders aiming to understand and enhance the role of circular startups in fostering a more sustainable and equitable future.
Study on an Intelligent English Translation Method Using an Improved Convolutional Neural Network Model
Authors: Su Lijie
Published: October 2024

This study uses an enhanced convolutional neural network (CNN) model for English translation. Traditional translation methods often struggle with complex language structures, prompting the adoption of deep learning techniques, particularly CNNs, in natural language processing. The research outlines CNN fundamentals and their relevance in language processing, elucidating the design and implementation of an improved CNN model. To address CNN limitations in maintaining coherence during the translation of lengthy texts, historical attention mechanisms are incorporated to enhance translation performance. Experimental validation conducted in MATLAB demonstrates notable improvements in translation task performance, evidenced by significant increases in BLEU scores. Results highlight the model's capacity to integrate contextual information, thereby enhancing translation coherence and accuracy. Additionally, the study establishes a mathematical framework for augmenting CNNs with attention mechanisms, providing valuable insights for the development of intelligent English translation systems.
Design of an Energy-Saving System for Smart Home Decoration Based on Situational Awareness
Authors: Tang Lin
Published: October 2024

This article analyzes the specific energy-saving requirements for smart home decoration in the current market to determine the overall plan of the entire smart home decoration energy-saving system. Based on situational analysis combined with grounded theory, organize and summarize the original data, and use factor analysis for dimensionality reduction analysis. Combining the multi-level analysis method, experts evaluated and scored the user experience evaluation indicators, obtained the weight assignment of each influencing factor, and constructed a user experience evaluation model for smart home products based on situational theory. After extensive testing, it was found that the ZigBee based smart home network implemented in this article has low energy consumption, overcomes many shortcomings of smart home networks, and has high application value.
Study on the Relationship Between Dual Network Embeddedness and Subsidiary Innovative Performance
Authors: Jiang Jian , Xie Kaiting
Published: October 2024

This article explores the relationships between the dual network embeddedness of subsidiaries (group internal network embeddedness and group external network embeddedness) and subsidiary innovative performance in emerging economies within the context of the digital economy. Using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) to analyze survey data from 182 subsidiaries of Chinese manufacturing enterprises. The findings of the study reveal the effect of the two dimensions (structural embeddedness and relational embeddedness) of intra- and extra-group network embeddedness on the two dimensions of absorptive capacity, and innovative performance at the subsidiary level. It clarifies the chain mediating effects of the two dimensions of subsidiary absorptive capacity on subsidiary innovative performance, as well as the direct impact of subsidiary potential absorptive capacity on subsidiary innovative performance.
Application of Short Text Classification Model Based on GPT-3.5 in E-Commerce
Authors: Peng Yapeng , Wang Guangming , Guo Jiaqi , Wang Zhaoqi
Published: October 2024

In the realm of e-commerce, the crucial role of short text classification in enhancing user experience and platform operational efficiency has led to the development of effective. approaches encompassing feature-based algorithms and early deep learning models. However, challenges remain when dealing with complex semantics and vast amounts of unstructured data. To bridge this gap, This paper proposes a novel model of short text classification based on GPT-3.5, which significantly improves classification accuracy by combining conceptualization and character-level information. Our model's superior performence across all datasets was validated through experimentsal trials on five widely used datasets (TREC, AG News, Bing, and Movie Review).
Professional nurses’ perspectives of an ideal performance management process
Authors: Ndlovu Sibonelo , Van Wyk Neltjie C. , Leech Ronell
Published: October 2024

Background: A well-managed performance management process can significantly influence professional nurses’ job satisfaction and improve patient outcomes. Conversely, ineffective management of the process can lead to demotivation of the nursing staff.Aim: This study aimed to understand professional nurses’ perspectives on an ideal performance management process.Setting: The study was conducted in a designated hospital in South Africa owned by a private healthcare group. The study population consisted of professional nurses involved in a performance management cycle.Methods: A descriptive qualitative research design with an appreciative inquiry approach was employed. Participants were selected through purposive sampling. Five focus groups of five professional nurses each were used to conduct interviews. The interviews lasted between 60 min and 80 min. The number of interviews conducted provided sufficient data for data saturation. The data were analysed using thematic analysis and the 5-D model of appreciative inquiry.Results: Trusting relationships between management and professional nurses play an essential role in ensuring a tailored performance management process. Training of both professional nurses and managers, a sound reward system for high-performing employees, and a fair and transparent process that addresses challenges and promotes opportunities can promote a positive work environment.Conclusion: Professional nurses require support from their managers and top management. Involving professional nurses in the planning and implementation can ensure proper relationships exist and that constraints are appropriately addressed.Contribution: Implementing the findings can improve the competencies of both managers and professional nurses to maintain a positive performance management process.
Trends and Patterns of Inequality in Utilizing Antenatal Care among Women in Bangladesh
Authors: Juie Israt Jahan , Jahan Nusrat , Tohan Mortuja Mahmud , Chanda Sanjay Kumar , Rahman Md. Ashfikur
Published: October 2024

Background:

Antenatal care (ANC) is vital for screening, disease detection, and health education for expectant mothers.

Objective:

This study aimed to analyze factors that influence the utilization of ANC services in Bangladesh, assess socioeconomic disparities, and identify factors contributing to these disparities among reproductive-aged women.

Methods:

Data from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) in the period 2007–2018 were used for the study, and a total of 30,940 (weighted) Bangladeshi women aged 15–49 years were included. Decomposition analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used to analyze data.

Results:

The prevalence of ANC utilization in Bangladesh increased from 20.44% in 2007 to 46.86% in 2017–18. This study found that the place of residence (14.26%), mothers’ education (21.84%), birth order (7.11%), and partners’ education (14.64%) were the main contributors to the socioeconomic inequalities in the ANC-seeking behavior. Women residing in urban areas [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.47; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.35–1.60; P < 0.001), having higher education (AOR: 3.00; CI: 2.47–3.64; P < 0.001), being overweight/obese (AOR: 1.21; CI: 1.09–1.34; P < 0.001), and having partners with higher education (AOR: 1.53; CI: 1.32–1.79; P < 0.001) are more likely to utilize ANC compared to women who do not have these attributes.

Conclusion:

The study highlighted the socioeconomic factors (i.e., women’s education, partner’s education, household wealth, and women’s body mass index); however, due to the unavailability of related data, it did not include sociocultural variables that may influence ANC utilization in Bangladesh. It also revealed the disparities between rural and urban areas. To increase ANC utilization by women, the government can implement strategies that address rural infrastructure, prevent child marriage, and improve health information access.
Transradial Trans-Scaphoid Transcapitate Transtriquetral Perilunate Dislocation of the Wrist
Authors: Hamdan Alaa Mohammed
Published: October 2024

Perilunate dislocation is a severe complex injury associated with carpal bone fracture. The most common pattern is trans-scaphoid perilunate dislocation. A transradial, trans-scaphoid, transcapitate, and transtriquetral perilunate dislocation pattern, an extremely rare complex injury of the wrist joint, may be the first reported case of a combination of three carpal bone fractures and radial styloid fracture associated with perilunate dislocation.
Pediatric Case of Autoimmune Cerebellitis with Positive Anti-GAD Antibodies and Accidental Finding of Roth Spots
Authors: Alkhedir Hajatmena , Skaff Shahda , Mahgoub Abdelmoneim
Published: October 2024

We present a pediatric case of autoimmune cerebellitis, which was distinguished by the presence of positive anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) antibodies. The patient, a young child, presented with a four-day history of progressively worsening headaches, coupled with persistent vomiting. These symptoms prompted immediate medical evaluation. Initial computed tomography (CT) imaging revealed a hypodense area in the left cerebellum and mild hydrocephalus, indicating fluid accumulation in the brain. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provided more detailed visualization, confirming the diagnosis of acute cerebellitis, which was characterized by bilateral enlargement of the cerebellum and an associated mass effect that exerted pressure on the adjacent brain structures. The medical team initiated a comprehensive treatment regimen that included antibiotics to address any potential bacterial infection, antivirals to counter possible viral etiologies, immunoglobulin therapy to modulate the immune response, and corticosteroids to reduce inflammation. The patient responded well to this treatment protocol, with follow-up imaging showing a significant reduction in cerebellar swelling and overall improvement in clinical symptoms. The detection of elevated anti-GAD antibodies, along with anti-thyroglobulin antibodies, indicated an autoimmune origin of the cerebellitis. This autoimmune response can lead to the body’s immune system mistakenly attacking healthy brain tissue. Moreover, the incidental finding of a Roth spot, a retinal hemorrhage with a white center, during a routine eye examination suggested potential systemic involvement, possibly indicating a broader immune-mediated condition.
Role of Conventional Pap Smear in Current Times
Authors: Kumar Anita , Suri Vitusha , Dabral Anjali
Published: October 2024

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common malignancy among females after breast, colon, and lung cancers and a leading cause of mortality among gynecologic malignancies. Over 85% of new cases are diagnosed in resource-limited countries. Several screening techniques have been developed to detect precancerous changes timely. The most common of which is conventional Pap smear (CPS). It is based on the cytological and morphology assessment of exfoliated cervical cells to detect preinvasive lesions of the cervix. Despite high specificity, a single Pap test has a low-to-moderate sensitivity. CPS can have false-negative and false-positive results because of inadequate sampling and slide preparation and errors in laboratory detection and interpretation. To overcome these shortcomings, liquid-based cytology (LBC) was introduced. LBC can be a better alternative to CPS because of a lower rate of unsatisfactory smears. The liquid reserve can be used for ancillary testing, such as human papillomavirus DNA tests (as reflex test and co-test). The cost of this technique is a limiting factor. In most of the developed countries, CPS is replaced by the LBC. There are several studies with conflicting results, and no method has been shown to be superior in terms of all parameters. Relevant studies were searched using PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar. This article puts forward the results of various studies comparing the efficacy of CPS and LBC and highlights the advantages and disadvantages of both methods.
Impact of prosthodontic rehabilitation on psychological status and quality of life in maxillectomy patients of coronavirus disease 2019-associated mucormycosis at a tertiary care center: A prospective clinical study
Authors: Vijayabharathi P. , Somkuwar Surabhi Rambhau , Rao Santhosh , Galhotra Virat , Selvaraj Uvashri
Published: October 2024

Aims:

The study was aimed to evaluate the effect of prosthodontic rehabilitation on psychological status (PS) and quality of life (QoL) in maxillectomy patients of coronavirus disease 2019-associated mucormycosis (CAM).

Settings and Design:

The study was designed as a prospective and clinical study.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-four CAM patients undergoing maxillectomy and subsequent prosthetic rehabilitation were included. The treatment involved surgical, intermediate, and definitive obturator delivery at various phases of healing. PS was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), QOL using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QoL Questionnaire-Head and Neck Module (EORTC QLQ-HandN35), and the functioning of obturator was assessed utilising the Obturator Functioning Scale (OFS) at various time points: before maxillectomy (T1), 2 weeks after maxillectomy (T2), 2 weeks upon usage of intermediate obturator (T3), just before delivery of definitive obturator (T4), and 12 weeks after the usage of definitive obturator (T5).

Statistical Analysis Used:

Data were analyzed using a social science statistical analysis program (Stata 14.0; StataCorp LLC, Texas, USA). The significance level was chosen <0.05. Shapiro–Wilk test was used to assess the normality of quantitative data. Student’s t-test was employed (α =0.05) to evaluate if the patient’s PS, QOL, and obturator function had changed over time. The Spearman correlation coefficient (α =0.05) was utilized to evaluate the correlation coefficient between PS, QOL, and obturator function seen at T3 and T5.

Results:

Out of 24 enrolled patients, nine were dropped out. HADS-anxiety score was the highest at T1 (18.6 ± 1.2) and HADS-depression score was the highest at T2 (18.8 ± 1.6). HADS scores decreased significantly (P = 0.001) after prosthetic rehabilitation. EORTC QLQ-HandN35 score was the highest at T2 (105.8 ± 29.5), with statistical significance (P = 0.001) after rehabilitation. OFS was the highest at T3 (51.9 ± 3.9) and lowest at T5 (25.4 ± 2.8).

Conclusion:

CAM and maxillectomy deliberately affects the PS and QOL. Prosthetic rehabilitation, psychological motivation, and education create greater improvement in PS and QOL. The progress in parameters showed an upward trend with good obturator quality over a period of time.
Effectiveness of dietary intervention in geriatric patients receiving new complete dentures: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Vijaya Sheetal , Rodrigues Anisha , Garg Meenakshi , Vijaya Shilpa , Shetty Meghan J. , Dhanania Shradha
Published: October 2024

Aim:

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a tailored progressive dietary intervention against the standard care instructions on the nutritional status and nutrient intake in geriatric patients receiving new complete dentures.

Settings and Design:

Randomized controlled trial.

Materials and Methods:

A randomized controlled trial was conducted on completely edentulous patients seeking complete dentures. The participants were randomly allocated into two groups, and each group received a separate set of advice. The cognitive function was assessed using the mini–mental state examination (MMSE) form. The outcome measures were assessed at the baseline and 3 months after denture insertion. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) form was used to evaluate the nutritional status and the nutrient intake was calculated by a 3-day 24-h dietary recall and fed into the DietCal software.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The analysis was done using the independent sample t-test, paired sample t-test, and analysis of co-variance. The significance level was set at 0.05 for all tests.

Results:

In total, 68 participants completed the trial. There were no significant differences in food intake between the two groups at baseline. However, at 3-month follow-up, the intervention group displayed a statistically significant improvement in body mass index (BMI) compared to the control group. Although the nutrient intake such as protein, dietary fiber, total fat, calcium, carbohydrate, energy, iron, and Vitamin B12 was higher in the intervention group than in the control group, it was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:

Simple, tailored dietary intervention with prosthetic restoration of the edentulous patients significantly improved BMI and MNA scores.
Facial skin color assessment and proposed skin shade guide for maxillofacial prosthesis using cluster analysis in a cohort of Indian adults
Authors: Pawar Priyadarshani Gulabrao , Borle Anjali , Patil Pradnya R. , Patil Rohit M. , Gadakh Priyanka S. , Rani Gita
Published: October 2024

Aim:

The precise estimation and replication of skin color are crucial for maxillofacial prosthesis. The study aimed to evaluate facial skin color with a colorimeter and suggest a skin shade guide and formula for color estimation.

Settings and Design:

An observational study conducted in the department of prosthodontics.

Materials and Methods:

Study was conducted on 368 individuals of Indian origin in age range of 20–45 years. The facial skin color was assessed in malar regions using SkinColorCatch colorimetric device and individual topography angle (ITA) and CIELAB L*a*b* values were noted.

Statistical Analysis Used:

K-means clustering was utilized to propose a shade guide for maxillofacial prosthesis with 24 skin shades. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to propose a formula to estimate skin shade of the individuals.

Results:

Based on cluster analysis, 368 subjects were divided into three clusters with similar characteristic as Cluster 1 with dark skin color in 88 (23.91%) subjects, Cluster 2 with medium skin color in 224 (60.87%) subjects, and Cluster 3 with light skin color in 56 (15.22%) subjects. The mean ITA and L*a*b* values for cluster 1 were −47.04° ±14.77°, 34.53 ± 4.31, 8.55 ± 2, 11.42 ± 3.7033, respectively. The mean ITA angle and L*a*b* values for Cluster 2 were 4.29° ±11.34° 51.67 ± 3.42, 8.79 ± 3.13, 21.36 ± 2.38, respectively. The mean ITA and L*a*b* values for Cluster 3 were 34.65 ± 4.29°, 62.66 ± 3.08, 6.53 ± 1.79, 17.73 ± 2.39, respectively. The proposed shade guide comprised a total of 24 different shades that were categorized into three primary colors according to three distinct clusters, each of which was further broken down into eight subclusters containing various shades within each cluster. Logistic regression analysis gave an equation as follows: Y =12.43 + 0.186X (Y = Predicted skin color, X = ITA angle).

Conclusions:

Twenty-four facial skin shade tabs have been proposed based on ITA angle and CIELAB values. This comprehensive approach to categorize the shades will ensure a detailed and organized system for selecting and matching colors in maxillofacial prosthesis.
Evaluation of tensile bond strength of two different cements used for luting zirconia coping to one-piece zirconia implant - An in vitro study
Authors: Bhadouria Vishal Singh , Shetty Omkar Krishna , Sanan Reshu , Yadav Bhupender Kumar , Ritwal Pankaj Kumar , Nischal Kunal
Published: October 2024

Aim:

The purpose of this in vitro study was the evaluation of the tensile bond strength of two different cements used for luting zirconia coping to one-piece zirconia implant.

Settings and Design:

The study was designed in an in vitro study setting.

Materials and Methods:

A one-piece zirconia implant was scanned on laboratory scanner, and thirty zirconia implants were milled by computer aided manufacturing (CAM). Subsequently, the abutment surface of each zirconia implants were scanned in laboratory scanner and coping with a hole was designed by computer-aided designing software, which was used for milling by computer-aided manufacturing (CAM). After various surface treatments of abutment and intaglio surface of coping, fifteen sets were cemented by glass ionomer cement (Group I) and the other fifteen sets by adhesive resin cement (Group II). All thirty samples after thermocycling were dried and pulled out in a universal testing machine, and tensile retention force is noted in pounds per square inch (psi).

Statistical Analysis Used:

Values for tensile retention force were tabulated for both the groups. Mean and standard deviation are calculated. Independent t-value and P value were calculated.

Results:

The least tensile retention force was reported in Group I (165.86 ± 25.74 psi). Maximum tensile retention force was received for Group II (396.81 ± 78.32 psi). Independent t-test was applied from which t-value calculated was 10.85 and P value obtained was 0.001, which means that there exists a very high difference in tensile bond strength of cement in Group I and Group II.

Conclusions:

Better tensile retention forces were observed in samples cemented with adhesive resin cement when compared to samples cemented with glass ionomer cement.
A customized nasal dilator and breather for patient with deviated nasal septum
Authors: Tomar Brajendra Singh , Singh Shubhra , Shrivastava Ambika , Noble Sukhvinder Singh
Published: October 2024

Nasal obstruction due to deviated nasal septum (DNS) is commonly defined as patient discomfort manifested as a sensation of insufficient airflow through the nose. The definitive treatment for a DNS is septoplasty, this customized nasal device can be used as an adjunct to treatment. And can be used as a breather until The patient receives or underwent definitive treatment. This device contains a nasopharyngeal airway tube and a customized nasal dilator, the nasopharyngeal airway tube is made of soft and elastic medical plastics, with good biocompatibility, without skin damage and allergy, which will be inserted inside. which will be inserted inside the affected nostril and it fits accurately between the septum and the lateral endonasal tissue, the nasal dilator which is composed of heat-cure acrylic resin helps to keep the nasopharyngeal airway in position withoutdislodging. The device also has an elastic band on both sides which can be worn like a mask by the patient. The nasopharyngeal tube of this device has a stopper that prevents the nasopharyngeal tube to go inside the nostril accidentally and the said tube is sterilizable and easily replaceable (even by the patient).