bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcomes assessment pitfalls: challenges to quantifying knowledge gain in a sex education game
Authors: Bertozzi Elena , Bertozzi-Villa Amelia , Padankatti Swathi , Sridhar Aparna
Published: June 2020

Background: We describe challenges associated with incorporating knowledge assessment into an educational game on a sensitive topic and discuss possible motivations for, and solutions to, these challenges.

Methods: The My Future Family Game (MFF) is a tool for collecting data about family planning intentions. The game was expanded to include information about human anatomy and sexual reproduction. To assess the efficacy of the game as a tool for teaching sexual education, we designed a pre-post study with assessments before and after the game which was deployed in three schools in and around Chennai, India in summer of 2018.

Results: The pre-post process did not effectively assess knowledge gain and made the game less enjoyable. Although all participants completed the pre-test because it was required to access the main game, many did not complete the post test. As a result, the post-test scores are of limited use in assessing the efficacy of the intervention as an educational tool. This deployment demonstrated that pre-post testing has to be integrated in a way that motivates players to improve their scores in the post-test. The pre-test results did provide useful information about players’ knowledge of human anatomy and mechanisms of human reproduction prior to gameplay and validated the tool as a means of data collection.

Conclusion: Adding outcomes assessment required asking players questions about sexual anatomy and function with little or no introduction. This process undermined elements of the initial game design and made the process less enjoyable for participants. Understanding these failures has been a vital step in the process of iterative game design. Modifications were made to the pre-post test process for future deployments so that the process of assessment does not diminish enthusiasm for game play or enjoyment and motivates completion of the post-test as part of gameplay.
Editorial: Signs and communicators
Authors: Cobley Paul , Pablé Adrian , Siebers Johan
Published: June 2020

Editorial: Signs and communicators
Análisis de la estructura interna del Maslach Burnout Inventory (Human Service Survey) en médicos peruanos
Authors: Calderón-De la Cruz Gustavo Alexis , Merino-Soto César
Published: June 2020

Introducción: el Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS) es un instrumento de medición que fue aplicado en médicos peruanos utilizando la Encuesta Nacional de Satisfacción de Usuarios en Salud (Ensusalud) en el año 2014. Sin embargo, la evidencia de validez de su estructura interna no se ha elaborado hasta la actualidad y su examinación parece necesaria debido a las diferentes propuestas que existen sobre su configuración factorial. El presente estudio tiene por objetivo examinar la validez de la estructura interna del MBI-HSS en médicos peruanos con datos secundarios de la Ensusalud. Materiales y métodos: la muestra estuvo conformada por 2222 médicos de diferentes regiones de Perú seleccionados a partir de un muestreo probabilístico bietápico y estratificado. La validez de la estructura interna del MBI-HSS fue evaluada a través del análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio; la confiabilidad fue estimada según la consistencia interna (coeficientes alfa y omega); y se evaluó el funcionamiento diferencial de los ítems (DIF) según el sexo. Resultados: se demuestra una estructura interna de tres factores en el MBI-HSS con reducción de tres ítems; la confiabilidad fue adecuada (entre 0.845 y 0.918), aunque disminuyó considerablemente en presencia de errores correlacionados (entre 0.335 y 0.517); en cuanto al dif, se encontró que el ítem 10 presentó variación según el sexo. Conclusión: la versión original (22 ítems) del MBI-HSS no es pertinente para la evaluación del burnout en médicos peruanos, siendo viable la propuesta de 19 ítems, aunque al ser un estudio inicial de validación se requerirá una réplica de resultados.
Clavicle fractures
Authors: Morgan Catrin , Bennett-Brown Katharine , Stebbings Alexandra , Li Lily , Dattani Rupen
Published: June 2020

Clavicle fractures account for approximately 2–5% of all fractures in adults and 10–15% in children. There is a bimodal distribution, with two peaks occurring in patients <25 years of age as a result of direct trauma and in those >55 years of age secondary to a fall onto an outstretched arm. Approximately two-thirds of all clavicle fractures occur in men. This article provides an overview of the presentation, assessment and management of clavicle fractures for both core surgical trainees and acute care common stem/emergency medicine trainees.
The use of patient-reported outcome measures to guide referral for hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Price Andrew J. , Kang Sujin , Cook Jonathan A. , Dakin Helen , Blom Ashley , Arden Nigel , Fitzpatrick Ray , Beard David J. ,   The ACHE Study team
Published: June 2020

Aims

To calculate how the likelihood of obtaining measurable benefit from hip or knee arthroplasty varies with preoperative patient-reported scores.

Methods

Existing UK data from 222,933 knee and 209,760 hip arthroplasty patients were used to model an individual’s probability of gaining meaningful improvement after surgery based on their preoperative Oxford Knee or Hip Score (OKS/OHS). A clinically meaningful improvement after arthroplasty was defined as ≥ 8 point improvement in OHS, and ≥ 7 in OKS.

Results

The upper preoperative score threshold, above which patients are unlikely to achieve any meaningful improvement from surgery, is 41 for knees and 40 for hips. At lower scores, the probability of improvement increased towards a maximum of 88% (knee) and 95% for (hips).

Conclusion

By our definition of meaningful improvement, patients with preoperative scores above 41 (OKS) and 40 (OHS) should not be routinely referred to secondary care for possible arthroplasty. Using lower thresholds would incrementally increase the probability of meaningful benefit for those referred but will exclude some patients with potential to benefit. The findings are useful to support the complex shared decision-making process in primary care for referral to secondary care; and in secondary care for experienced clinicians counselling patients considering knee or hip arthroplasty, but should not be used in isolation. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(7):941–949.
Operative repair of acute Achilles tendon rupture does not give superior patient-reported outcomes to nonoperative management
Authors: Maempel Julian F. , Clement Nicholas D. , Wickramasinghe Neil R. , Duckworth Andrew D. , Keating John F.
Published: June 2020

Aims

The aim was to compare long-term patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) after operative and nonoperative treatment of acute Achilles tendon rupture in the context of a randomized controlled trial.

Methods

PROMs including the Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA), Achilles Tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS), EuroQol five-dimension (EQ-5D), satisfaction, net promoter score and data regarding re-rupture, and venous thromboembolic rates were collected for patients randomized to receive either operative or nonoperative treatment for acute Achilles tendon rupture in a previous study. Of the 80 patients originally randomized, 64 (33 treated surgically, 31 nonoperatively) patients were followed up at a mean of 15.7 years (13.4 to 17.7).

Results

There was no statistically significant difference between operatively and nonoperatively treated patients, in SMFA Dysfunction Index (median 1.56 (interquartile range (IQR) 0 to 5.51) vs 1.47 (IQR 0 to 5.15); p = 0.289), SMFA Bother Index (2.08 (IQR 0 to 12.50) vs 0.00 (IQR 0 to 6.25); p = 0.074), ATRS (94 (IQR 86 to 100) vs 95 (IQR 81 to 100); p = 0.313), EQ-5D-5L (1 (IQR 0.75 to 1) vs 1 (IQR 0.84 to 1); p = 0.137) or EQ-5D health today visual analogue score (85 (IQR 72.5 to 95) vs 85 (IQR 8 to 95); p = 0.367). There was no statistically significant difference between operative and nonoperative groups in terms of satisfaction (84% vs 100%; p = 0.119) or willingness to recommend treatment to friends or family (79% vs 87%; p = 0.255). Four nonoperative patients and two in the operative group sustained a re-rupture (p = 0.306).

Conclusion

Both patient groups reported good results at long-term follow-up. The findings give no evidence of superior long-term patient reported outcomes (as measured by the SMFA) for surgical treatment over nonoperative treatment. There was no demonstrable difference in other patient reported outcome measures, satisfaction, or re-rupture rates at long-term follow-up. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(7):933–940.
Effect of age on outcome and revision in total ankle arthroplasty
Authors: Gaugler Mario , Krähenbühl Nicola , Barg Alexej , Ruiz Roxa , Horn-Lang Tamara , Susdorf Roman , Dutilh Gilles , Hintermann Beat
Published: June 2020

Aims

To assess the effect of age on clinical outcome and revision rates in patients who underwent total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) for end-stage ankle osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

A consecutive series of 811 ankles (789 patients) that underwent TAA between May 2003 and December 2013 were enrolled. The influence of age on clinical outcome, including the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) hindfoot score, and pain according to the visual analogue scale (VAS) was assessed. In addition, the risk for revision surgery that includes soft tissue procedures, periarticular arthrodeses/osteotomies, ankle joint debridement, and/or inlay exchange (defined as minor revision), as well as the risk for revision surgery necessitating the exchange of any of the metallic components or removal of implant followed by ankle/hindfoot fusion (defined as major revision) was calculated.

Results

A significant improvement in the AOFAS hindfoot score and pain relief between the preoperative assessment and the last follow-up was evident. Age had a positive effect on pain relief. The risk for a minor or major revision was 28.7 % at the mean follow-up of 5.4 years and 11.0 % at a mean follow-up of 6.9 years respectively. The hazard of revision was not affected by age.

Conclusion

The clinical outcome, as well as the probability for revision surgery following TAA, is comparable between younger and older patients. The overall revision rate of the Hintegra total ankle is comparable with other three component designs. TAA should no longer be reserved for low demand elderly patients, but should also be recognized as a viable option for active patients of younger age. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(7):925–932.
Distal femoral morphological dysplasia is correlated with increased femoral torsion in patients with trochlear dysplasia and patellar instability
Authors: Yang Guangmin , Dai Yike , Dong Conglei , Kang Huijun , Niu Jinghui , Lin Wei , Wang Fei
Published: June 2020

Aims

The purpose of this study was to explore the correlation between femoral torsion and morphology of the distal femoral condyle in patients with trochlear dysplasia and lateral patellar instability.

Methods

A total of 90 patients (64 female, 26 male; mean age 22.1 years (SD 7.2)) with lateral patellar dislocation and trochlear dysplasia who were awaiting surgical treatment between January 2015 and June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent CT scans of the lower limb to assess the femoral torsion and morphology of the distal femur. The femoral torsion at various levels was assessed using the a) femoral anteversion angle (FAA), b) proximal and distal anteversion angle, c) angle of the proximal femoral axis-anatomical epicondylar axis (PFA-AEA), and d) angle of the AEA–posterior condylar line (AEA-PCL). Representative measurements of distal condylar length were taken and parameters using the ratios of the bianterior condyle, biposterior condyle, bicondyle, anterolateral condyle, and anteromedial condyle were calculated and correlated with reference to the AEA, using the Pearson Correlation coefficient.

Results

The femoral torsion had a strong correlation with distal condylar morphology. The FAA was significantly correlated with the ratio of the bianterior condyle (r = 0.355; p = 0.009), the AEA-PCL angle (r = 0.340; p = 0.001) and the ratio of the anterolateral condyle and lateral condyle (ALC-LC) (r = 0.309; p = 0.014). The PFA-AEA angle was also significantly correlated with the ratio of the bianterior condyle (r = 0.319; p = 0.008), the AEA-PCL angle (r = 0.231; p = 0.031), and the ratio of ALC-LC (r = 0.261; p = 0.034). In addition, the bianterior condyle ratio showed a significant correlation with the biposterior condyle ratio (r = -0.324; p = 0.027) and the AEA-PCL angle (r = 0.342; p = 0.021).

Conclusion

Increased femoral torsion correlated with a prominent anterolateral condyle and a shorter posterolateral condyle compared with the medial condyle. The deformities of the anterior and posterior condyles are combined deformities rather than being isolated and individual deformities in patients with trochlear dysplasia and patella instability. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(7):868–873.
The effect of patient point of entry and Medicaid status on quality outcomes following total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Roof Mackenzie A. , Feng James E. , Anoushiravani Afshin A. , Schoof Lauren H. , Friedlander Scott , Lajam Claudette M. , Vigdorchik Jonathan , Slover James D. , Schwarzkopf Ran
Published: June 2020

Aims

Previous studies have reported an increased risk for postoperative complications in the Medicaid population undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA). These studies have not controlled for the surgeon’s practice or patient care setting. This study aims to evaluate whether patient point of entry and Medicaid status plays a role in quality outcomes and discharge disposition following THA.

Methods

The electronic medical record at our institution was retrospectively reviewed for all primary, unilateral THA between January 2016 and January 2018. THA recipients were categorized as either Medicaid or non-Medicaid patients based on a visit to our institution’s Hospital Ambulatory Care Center (HACC) within the six months prior to surgery. Only patients who had been operated on by surgeons (CML, JV, JDS, RS) with at least ten Medicaid and ten non-Medicaid patients were included in the study. The patients included in this study were 56.33% female, had a mean age of 60.85 years, and had a mean BMI of 29.14. The average length of follow-up was 343.73 days.

Results

A total of 426 hips in 403 patients were included in this study, with 114 Medicaid patients and 312 non-Medicaid patients. Medicaid patients had a significantly lower mean age (54.68 years (SD 12.33) vs 63.10 years (SD 12.38); p < 0.001), more likely to be black or ‘other’ race (27.19% vs 13.46% black; 26.32% vs 12.82% other; p < 0.001), and more likely to be a current smoker (19.30% vs 9.29%; p = 0.001). After adjusting for patient risk factors, there was a significant Medicaid effect on length of stay (LOS) (rate ratio 1.129, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.048 to 1.216; p = 0.001) and facility discharge (odds ratio 2.010, 95% CI 1.398 to 2.890; p < 0.001). There was no Medicaid effect on surgical time (exponentiated β coefficient 1.015, 95% CI 0.995 to 1.036; p = 0.136). There was no difference in 30-day readmission, 90-day readmission, 30-day infections, 90-day infections, and 90-day mortality between the two groups.

Conclusion

After controlling for patient variables, there was a statistically significant Medicaid effect on LOS and facility discharge. These results indicate that clinically similar outcomes can be achieved for Medicaid patients; however, further work is needed on maximizing social support and preoperative patient education with a focus on successful home discharge. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(7 Supple B):78–84.
Low sensitivity of histopathological examination of peri-implant tissue samples in diagnosing postoperative spinal implant infection
Authors: Bürger Justus , Palmowski Yannick , Strube Patrick , Perka Carsten , Putzier Michael , Pumberger Matthias
Published: June 2020

Aims

To evaluate the histopathological examination of peri-implant tissue samples as a technique in the diagnosis of postoperative spinal implant infection (PSII).

Methods

This was a retrospective analysis. Patients who underwent revision spinal surgery at our institution were recruited for this study. PSII was diagnosed by clinical signs, histopathology, and microbiological examination of intraoperatively collected samples. Histopathology was defined as the gold standard. The sensitivity for histopathology was calculated. A total of 47 patients with PSII and at least one microbiological and histopathological sample were included in the study.

Results

PSII occurred in approximately 28% of the study population. Histopathology showed a sensitivity of 51.1% in the diagnosis of PSII. The most commonly found pathogens were Cutibacterium acnes and gram-positive staphylococci.

Conclusion

Histopathology has low sensitivity for detecting PSII. In particular, infections caused by low-virulence microorganisms are insufficiently detected by histopathology. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(7):899–903.
Limited diagnostic value of serum inflammatory biomarkers in the diagnosis of fracture-related infections
Authors: Sigmund Irene K. , Dudareva Maria , Watts Daniel , Morgenstern Mario , Athanasou Nicholas A. , McNally Martin A.
Published: June 2020

Aims

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of preoperative serum CRP, white blood cell count (WBC), percentage of neutrophils (%N), and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) when using the fracture-related infection (FRI) consensus definition.

Methods

A cohort of 106 patients having surgery for suspected septic nonunion after failed fracture fixation were studied. Blood samples were collected preoperatively, and the concentration of serum CRP, WBC, and differential cell count were analyzed. The areas under the curve (AUCs) of diagnostic tests were compared using the z-test. Regression trees were constructed and internally cross-validated to derive a simple diagnostic decision tree.

Results

Using the FRI consensus definition, 46 patients (43%) were identified as infected. Sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of CRP were 67% (95% confidence interval (CI) 52% to 80%), 61% (95% CI 47% to 74%), and 0.64 (95% CI 0.54 to 0.74); of WBC count were 17% (95% CI 9% to 31%), 95% (95% CI 86% to 99%), and 0.57 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.62); of %N 13% (95% CI 6% to 26%), 87% (95% CI 76% to 93%), and 0.50 (95% CI 0.43 to 0.56); and of NLR 28% (95% CI 17% to 43%), 80% (95% CI 68% to 88%), and 0.54 (95% CI 0.46 to 0.63), respectively. A better performance of serum CRP was shown in comparison to the leucocyte count (p = 0.006), %N (p < 0.001), and NLR (p = 0.001). A statistically lower serum CRP level was shown in patients with an infection caused by a low virulence microorganism in comparison to high virulence bacteria (p = 0.008). We found that a simple decision tree approach using only low serum neutrophils (< 3.615 × 109/l) and low CRP (< 2.45 mg/l) may allow better identification of aseptic cases.

Conclusion

The evaluated serum inflammatory markers showed limited diagnostic value in the preoperative diagnosis of FRI when using the uniform FRI Consensus Definition. Therefore, they should remain as suggestive criteria in diagnosing FRI. Although CRP showed a higher performance in comparison to the other serum markers, it is insufficiently accurate to diagnose a septic nonunion, especially when caused by low virulence microorganisms. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(7):904–911.
Early clinical results of minimally invasive coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction can be maintained at a minimum of five years’ follow-up
Authors: Rosslenbroich Steffen B. , Heimann Katharina , Katthagen Jan Christoph , Koesters Clemens , Riesenbeck Oliver , Petersen Wolf , Raschke Michael J. , Schliemann Benedikt
Published: June 2020

Aims

There is a lack of long-term data for minimally invasive acromioclavicular (AC) joint repair. Furthermore, it is not clear if good early clinical results can be maintained over time. The purpose of this study was to report long-term results of minimally invasive AC joint reconstruction (MINAR) and compare it to corresponding short-term data.

Methods

We assessed patients with a follow-up of at least five years after minimally invasive flip-button repair for high-grade AC joint dislocation. The clinical outcome was evaluated using the Constant score and a questionnaire. Ultrasound determined the coracoclavicular (CC) distance. Results of the current follow-up were compared to the short-term results of the same cohort.

Results

A total of 50 patients (three females, 47 males) were successfully followed up for a minimum of five years. The mean follow-up was 7.7 years (63 months to 132 months). The overall Constant score was 94.4 points (54 to 100) versus 97.7 points (83 to 100) for the contralateral side showing a significant difference for the operated shoulder (p = 0.013) The mean difference in the CC distance between the operated and the contralateral shoulder was 3.7 mm (0.2 to 7.8; p = 0.010). In total, 16% (n = 8) of patients showed recurrent instability. All these cases were performed within the first 16 months after introduction of this technique. A total of 84% (n = 42) of the patients were able to return to their previous occupations and sport activities. Comparison of short-term and long-term results revealed no significant difference for the Constant Score (p = 0.348) and the CC distance (p = 0.974).

Conclusion

The clinical outcome of MINAR is good to excellent after long-term follow-up and no significant differences were found compared to short-term results. We therefore suggest this is a reliable technique for surgical treatment of high-grade AC joint dislocation. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(7):918–924.
Competencia de emprendimiento en educación secundaria: percepción del profesorado sobre el estado actual y las posibilidades futuras en el contexto europeo
Authors: Prendes Espinosa M.ª Paz , Solano Fernández Isabel M.ª , González Martínez Juan , Cerdán Cartagena Fernando
Published: June 2020

INTRODUCCIÓN. La educación para el emprendimiento se presenta como uno de los objetivos prioritarios de los sistemas educativos de los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea. Apoyando su definición y caracterización en el concepto de competencia de emprendimiento, en este artículo presentamos las capacidades vinculadas al desarrollo de esta competencia clave a partir de la propuesta hecha por el Marco Europeo para la Competencia Emprendedora. MÉTODO. Esta investigación se ha realizado desde un enfoque metodológico de carácter cuantitativo, basado en el cuestionario como instrumento de recogida de información. La muestra ha quedado conformada por 272 profesores de educación secundaria de Grecia, España, Italia y Bélgica. RESULTADOS. Las capacidades de emprendimiento más importantes para el profesorado son la motivación, el aprendizaje a partir de la experiencia y el trabajo en equipo; al desarrollo de estas capacidades es a lo que más tiempo dedican en clase, y asimismo, a lo que ellos creen que deben dedicar más tiempo. Además, los docentes demandan más formación para incluir la educación para el emprendimiento en su práctica docente; y, para ello, piden especialmente modelos y referentes prácticos que les ayuden a definir su acción docente. También se halla una baja inclusión de las tecnologías digitales como favorecedores del emprendimiento en el aula. DISCUSIÓN. La visión de los profesores coincide con la revisión de la literatura, si bien se detecta una diferencia significativa entre la importancia que los modelos teóricos asignan a la tecnología educativa y la importancia que le otorgan los profesores. Sin embargo, demandan ser formados al respecto, tanto en los referentes tecnológicos como en los pedagógicos.
¿Es inclusiva la enseñanza bilingüe? Análisis de la presencia y apoyos en los alumnos con necesidades específicas de apoyo educativo
Authors: Durán-Martínez Ramiro , Martín-Pastor Elena , Martínez-Abad Fernando
Published: June 2020

INTRODUCCIÓN. Un planteamiento inclusivo de la educación y el fomento de los programas bilingües constituyen, en la actualidad, dos retos importantes para nuestro sistema educativo. Las investigaciones existentes en España sobre la inclusión del alumnado con necesidades específicas de apoyo educativo (NEAE) abordan el tema de manera tangencial, como uno de los aspectos a analizar en el marco de estudios más amplios. Este trabajo se dedica íntegramente a analizar, desde un enfoque metodológico mixto, tanto el grado y evolución de la inclusión en los programas bilingües en la enseñanza obligatoria a partir de la presencia de alumnado NEAE en los distintos como los apoyos proporcionados o los motivos de su exclusión en dichos programas. MÉTODO. Partiendo de la población de centros educativos de Educación Primaria y Secundaria con programa bilingüe se recoge información de naturaleza tanto cualitativa como cuantitativa a través de una encuesta aplicada a equipos directivos, obteniendo una muestra de 48 centros. Las categorías resultantes a partir de los resultados cualitativos son obtenidas mediante un proceso inductivo. RESULTADOS. Los resultados muestran que el alumnado con NEAE abandona la enseñanza bilingüe a medida que avanza de curso, que los apoyos proporcionados son más frecuentes y de naturaleza más inclusiva en Educación Primaria que en Secundaria, y que, a la hora de alegar motivos de exclusión se aducen de manera generalizada las dificultades del alumno, obviando cuestiones relativas al funcionamiento del centro o a las prácticas educativas. DISCUSIÓN. Se concluye discutiendo estos resultados e incidiendo en la necesidad de abordar la inclusión tanto desde las prácticas educativas como desde las limitaciones de los estudiantes.
Escala CATCH: validación de una versión reducida traducida al español para la medición de actitudes hacia la discapacidad
Authors: Felipe-Rello Carlos , Tejero-González Carlos M.ª , Garoz Puerta Ignacio
Published: June 2020

INTRODUCCIÓN. La escala Chedoke-McMaster Attitudes Toward Children with Handicaps (CATCH) es un instrumento para medir las actitudes de los jóvenes hacia las personas con discapacidad, cuya versión original cuenta con 36 ítems agrupados en tres dimensiones (afectiva, cognitiva y conductual). El objetivo del presente estudio es validar una versión reducida de la escala CATCH traducida al español. MÉTODO. El instrumento se aplicó a un total de 460 estudiantes (248 chicas y 212 chicos) de entre 10 y 15 años (m=12,78; DT=1,47), seleccionados por muestreo incidental y pertenecientes a centros educativos de primaria y secundaria de la Comunidad de Madrid (España). Se procedió con análisis de consistencia, análisis factorial confirmatorio y pruebas de contraste de grupos. RESULTADOS. Los resultados mostraron una escala de seis ítems agrupados en una sola dimensión con satisfactoria consistencia interna y temporal (α=,75; CCI= ,80), y un ajuste bondadoso del modelo (GFI=,99; NFI=,98; TLI=,98; CFI=,99; RMSEA=,049; χ2/gl=1,97). Se observó una alta sensibilidad hacia la discapacidad entre los participantes (m= 3,32; rango teórico de respuesta entre 0 y 4), encontrando actitudes hacia la discapacidad más positivas en mujeres frente a los hombres (p=,022; d=0,23) y en personas familiarizadas con la discapacidad frente a las no familiarizadas (p=,001; d=0,31). DISCUSIÓN. El presente estudio aporta una escala en español válida, fiable y factible que permite la medición de las actitudes de la población infantil y adolescente hacia las personas con discapacidad.
Profesorado novel en las universidades catalanas: análisis de
sus programas formativos
Authors: Hervas Gabriel , Medina José Luis
Published: June 2020

INTRODUCCIÓN: Esta investigación tiene por objetivo
identificar qué universidades catalanas organizan un programa de
alcance institucional destinado especialmente a la formación en
docencia de su profesorado novel y examinar y comparar sus
características y contenidos. MÉTODO: Se realizó un análisis
documental y de contenido de los datos recogidos sistemáticamente en
documentos institucionales, estudios publicados y en las respuestas
recibidas desde las instituciones a nuestras cuestiones. RESULTADOS:
Cinco de las 12 universidades catalanas organizan un programa de
estas características. Entre estos, se señala la tendencia a tratar
determinados contenidos —TIC, evaluación, metodologías y diseño de
asignaturas—, practicar la observación en el aula y usar el
portafolio como herramienta evaluativa. En cambio, contenidos como
la tutoría y el trabajo en equipo son menos frecuentes, y existen
claras diferencias en el diseño de los programas, horas de
dedicación y origen —institucional y departamental— de sus
formadores. DISCUSIÓN: Centramos la discusión en las
características, diferencias y elementos comunes observados,
proponiendo ideas y argumentos —por ejemplo, la inclusión de
contenidos relacionados con la diversidad en el aula o la docencia
en otros idiomas— que responden a lo que la literatura apunta
actualmente al respecto de la formación del profesorado
universitario.
Extraction method of a nonuniform auxiliary laser stripe feature for three-dimensional reconstruction of large components
Authors: Zhang Yang , Liu Wei , Wang Wenqi , Gao Peng , Xing Hongwen , Ma Jianwei
Published: June 2020

3D measurement plays an important role in the processing and assembling of large components in the aviation and aerospace industry. However, precision control is a challenging problem due to the complex on-site illumination environment and serious background interference. For the binocular stereovision measurement system based on auxiliary laser scanning, this paper proposes an extraction method of laser stripe for 3D reconstruction. First, an evaluation method for the laser stripe is proposed by analyzing the features of the stripe image. Then, a laser stripe extraction method based on self-adaptive threshold is proposed. To further improve the efficiency of image processing, an improved Kalman filter algorithm is adopted to fast-track and locate the region of interest of laser stripes in the sequence images. Finally, measurement experiments for a large-scale aircraft panel are carried out on-site. The results show that the center extraction error is less than 0.1 pixel and 3D reconstruction error is less than 0.06 mm. The proposed methods improve the efficiency and accuracy of 3D reconstruction of large components, and the feasibility of on-site application is also verified.
Chlorophyll absorption and phytoplankton size information inferred from hyperspectral particulate beam attenuation
Authors: Houskeeper Henry F. , Draper David , Kudela Raphael M. , Boss Emmanuel
Published: June 2020

Electromagnetic theory predicts spectral dependencies in extinction
efficiency near a narrow absorption band for a particle with an index
of refraction close to that of the medium in which it is immersed.
These absorption band effects are anticipated in oceanographic
beam-attenuation (beam-c) spectra, primarily due to the narrow red
peak in absorption produced by the phytoplankton photopigment,
chlorophyll

a

(Chl

a

). Here we present a method to obtain
Chl

a

absorption and size information by
analyzing an eigendecomposition of hyperspectral beam-c residuals
measured in marine surface waters by an automatic underway system. We
find that three principal modes capture more than 99% of the variance
in beam-c residuals at wavelengths near the Chl

a

red absorption peak. The spectral
shapes of the eigenvectors resemble extinction efficiency residuals
attributed to the absorption band effects. Projection of the
eigenvectors onto the beam-c residuals produces a time series of
amplitude functions with absolute values that are strongly correlated
to concurrent Chl

a

absorption line height (

a

L
H

) measurements (

r

values of 0.59 to 0.83) and hence
provide a method to estimate Chl

a

absorption. Multiple linear
regression of

a

L
H

on the amplitude functions enables an
independent estimate of

a

L
H

, with RMSE of

3.19
⋅

10

−
3

m

−
1

(3.3%) or

log

10

-RMSE of 18.6%, and a raw-scale

R
2

value of 0.90 based on the Tara
Oceans Expedition data. Relationships between the amplitude functions
and the beam-c exponential slopes are in agreement with theory
relating beam-c to the particle size distribution. Compared to
multispectral analysis of beam-c slope, hyperspectral analysis of
absorption band effects is anticipated to be relatively insensitive to
the addition of nonpigmented particles and to monodispersion.
Focal field analysis of highly multi-mode fiber beams based on modal decomposition
Authors: Pang Hao , Haecker Tobias , Bense Alexandre , Haist Tobias , Flamm Daniel
Published: June 2020

In this work, a numerical modal decomposition approach is applied to model the optical field of laser light after propagating through a highly multi-mode fiber. The algorithm for the decomposition is based on the reconstruction of measured intensity profiles along the laser beam caustic with consideration of intermodal degrees of coherence derived from spectral analysis. To enhance the accuracy of the model, different approaches and strategies are applied and discussed. The presented decomposition into a set of linearly polarized modes enables both the wave-optical simulation of radiation transport by highly multi-mode fibers and, additionally, the analysis of free-space propagation with arbitrarily modified complex amplitude distributions.
Resolving tissue chromophore concentration at MRI resolution using multi-wavelength photo-magnetic imaging
Authors: Algarawi Maha , Erkol Hakan , Luk Alex , Ha Seunghoon , Ünlü Mehmet B. , Gulsen Gultekin , Nouizi Farouk
Published: June 2020

Photo-magnetic imaging (PMI) is an emerging optical imaging modality that showed great performance on providing absorption maps with high resolution and quantitative accuracy. As a multi-modality technology, PMI warms up the imaged object using a near infrared laser while temperature variation is measured using magnetic resonance imaging. By probing tissue at multiple wavelengths, concentration of the main tissue chromophores such as oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin, lipid, and water are obtained then used to derive functional parameters such as total hemoglobin concentration and relative oxygen saturation. In this paper, we present a multi-wavelength PMI system that was custom-built to host five different laser wavelengths. After recovering the high-resolution absorption maps, a least-squared minimization process was used to resolve the different chromophore concentration. The performance of the system was experimentally tested on a phantom with two different dyes. Their concentrations were successfully assessed with high spatial resolution and average accuracy of nearly 80%.
Mapping metabolism of liver tissue using two-photon FLIM
Authors: Rodimova Svetlana , Kuznetsova Daria , Bobrov Nikolai , Elagin Vadim , Shcheslavskiy Vladislav , Zagainov Vladimir , Zagaynova Elena
Published: June 2020

Although fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) has been extensively applied to study cellular metabolism in the liver, there is neither an established approach to analyze the data, nor have appropriate protocols been developed to maintain the optical metabolic characteristics in the ex vivo liver tissue sample. Here, we show that a tri-exponential decay fitting model for the fluorescence signal from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(P)H) and the use of ex vivo samples allows the most appropriate processing of the FLIM data. Moreover, we determine the medium that maintains the initial metabolic state of hepatocytes (liver cells), most effectively. Our results should be particularly relevant for the interrogation of liver samples, not only in laboratory research, but also in clinical settings in the future.
Multi-view fringe projection system for surface topography measurement during metal powder bed fusion
Authors: Dickins Andrew , Widjanarko Taufiq , Sims-Waterhouse Danny , Thompson Adam , Lawes Simon , Senin Nicola , Leach Richard
Published: June 2020

Metal powder bed fusion (PBF) methods need in-process measurement methods to increase user confidence and encourage further adoption in high-value manufacturing sectors. In this paper, a novel measurement method for PBF systems is proposed that uses multi-view fringe projection to acquire high-resolution surface topography information of the powder bed. Measurements were made using a mock-up of a commercial PBF system to assess the system’s accuracy and precision in comparison to conventional single-view fringe projection techniques for the same application. Results show that the multi-view system is more accurate, but less precise, than single-view fringe projection on a point-by-point basis. The multi-view system also achieves a high degree of surface coverage by using alternate views to access areas not measured by a single camera.
Experimental validation of a building block of passive devices and stochastic analysis of PICs based on SiOC technology
Authors: Waqas Abi , Memon Faisal A. , Korai Umair A.
Published: June 2020

Silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) with a wide tunable refractive index window and low absorption coefficient has emerged as an appealing material platform in integrated photonics. Its physical, optical and chemical properties can be tailored over a large window through changes in composition. The circuit simulation based on the building-block approach is a useful framework for deep exploitation of the potential of photonics in the large-scale integration of complex circuits. In this manuscript, the simulation and experimental results of the waveguide and directional coupler based on SiOC technology have been investigated. A simplified model for the coupling coefficient, within defined limits of width, coupling length and gap, of parallel waveguides of the directional coupler has been proposed and validated experimentally. The building blocks of the waveguide and directional coupler have been prepared and parametrized. The proposed models of these passive devices have been exploited in commercially available circuit simulator for the circuit and stochastic simulations of SiOC based photonic circuits.
Efficient single-mode 976  nm amplifier based on a 45  micron outer diameter Yb-doped fiber
Authors: Kotov Leonid , Temyanko Valery , Aleshkina Svetlana , Bubnov Mikhail , Lipatov Denis , Likhachev Mikhail
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we present a novel single-mode Yb-doped fiber with 14 µm core and 45 µm cladding diameter. A 976 nm all-fiber high-power amplifier was manufactured based on this fiber. 10-mm-long fiber taper was used to launch the pump light, and guidance of the high NA pump was provided by a glass–air interface. 13 W output power limited only by the available pump power was achieved with 31% slope efficiency.
Frontir-isasi dan De-frontir-isasi sebagai Kerangka untuk Studi Marjinalitas: Studi Kasus Lindu di Sulawesi Tengah
Authors: Acciaioli Gregory Lawrence , Nasrum Muhammad
Published: June 2020

AbstractDrawing on past and recent literature using the concept frontier, this paper presents a case study of processes of frontierisation and defrontierisation in the Lindu plain of Central Sulawesi. After establishing the rationale for a more processual framework to analyse frontiers, it traces the history of the Lindu plain along the four dimensions of frontierisation related to control, extraction, settlement and conservation from the precolonial era to the contemporary post-Reformasi period. Using this Lindu case study, it seeks to reconceptualise such notions as the closing of frontiers by drawing attention away from certain demographic and economic thresholds of occupation and by emphasising instead the exercise of agency on the parts of marginalised local peoples in frontier regions, allowing them to reverse the asymmetric relations of the (dominant) occupiers and (subordinated) occupied that have constituted frontiers. This is illustrated by the changing position of the Indigenous Lindu people as subordinated first by colonial incursions and then in the immediate postcolonial period through domination by entrepreneurial Bugis migrants whose own position was buttressed by alliances with governmental agencies to the contemporary reassertion of their control over their own territory through alliances with both the Indonesian Indigenous people’s movement and with transnational conservation.Keywords: Frontier, Frontierisation, Defrontierisation, Marginality, Marginal Societies, Lindu Bugis, Central Sulawesi  AbstrakBersandar kepada naskah lama dan mutakhir yang menggunakan konsep frontir, makalah ini menyajikan studi kasus proses frontir-isasi dan de-frontir-isasi di dataran Lindu, Sulawesi Tengah. Sesudah memberikan alasan untuk kerangka yang memusatkan proses, artikel ini menggambarkan sejarah Lindu melalui empat dimensi frontir-isasi – kendali, ekstraksi, pemukiman dan konservasi – dari zaman prakolonial sampai era Pasca-Reformasi. Studi kasus ini digunakan untuk memikirkan kembali gagasan seperti penutupan frontir; daripada indicator demografis dan ekonomis, daya tindak (agensi) dari masayakarat lokal yang didominasi/dipinggirkan dalam usaha membalikkan relasi-kuasa menjadi kriterium yang dipusatkan sebagai unsur utama penutupan frontir atau de-frontir-isasi. Proses penggulingan ini dicontohkan oleh perubahan posisi To Lindu sebagai orang asli di wilayah ini. Mulai dari keadaan dipinggirkan di masa kolonial sampai ke era paska-kolonial waktu mereka didominasi oleh migran Bugis yang memperkuat usaha kewiraswastaannya dengan menggunakan alasan pembangunan dan aliansi dengan instansi permerintah, akhirnya di era Reformasi dan Pasca-Reformasi To Lindu sempat menarik kembali penguasaan atas wilayahnya melalui aliansi dengan gerakan masyarakat adat dan organisasi konservasi.Kata kunci: Frontir, Frontir-isasi, Defrontir-isasi, Marjinalitas, Masyarakat Pinggiran, Lindu, Bugis, Sulawesi Tengah
Marginalisasi Hukum Adat pada Masyarakat Adat The marginalization of adat law on adat communities
Authors: Suartina Tine
Published: June 2020

Tulisan ini berupaya melihat marjinalisasi adat, hukum adat serta implikasinya pada masyarakat adat. Dalam konteks Indonesia, meskipun Konstitusi dan beberapa aturan formal mengakui masyarakat adat, termasuk pranata adat, namun pada praktiknya telah terjadi upaya peminggiran jangka panjang. Ketidakkonsistenan kebijakan negara terhadap penerapan hukum adat memberikan peran dalam marjinalisasi komunitas adat pada berbagai tingkat. Melalui penelitian lapangan di tiga komunitas adat, Kasepuhan Ciptagelar, Kasepuhan Karang dan Kasepuhan Guradog di bagian Barat Jawa serta perspektif pluralism hukum, tulisan ini menjelaskan kurangnya pengakuan pada hukum adat memberikan pengaruh tertentu pada masyarakat adat, termasuk dalam pengaturan kemasyarakatan dan penghidupan. Studi ini pun membuktikan bahwa meskipun hukum adat secara praktis tidak diadopsi oleh negara, dalam beberapa kasus, masyarakat adat menemukan strategi untuk mempertahankan keyakinan dan praktik hukum adat di komunitasnya. Untuk itu, dalam konteks lebih luas, hal yang ingin disampaikan adalah, upaya marjinalisasi tidak mampu menghapuskan praktik adat dan hukum adat secara keseluruhan. Ketiga kasus memperlihatkan hingga saat ini praktik multi sistem hukum di masyarakat plural seperti Indonesia masih diterapkan, baik dalam situasi konflik maupun berdampingan. Selain itu, dalam mendiskusikan implementasi hukum di Indonesia dari perspektif masyarakat, pembedaan sistem formal dan informal di masyarakat tetap diperlukan dan unifikasi hukum hanya berfungsi dalam batas tertentu.This paper attempts to see adat and adat law marginalizations, and the implications on adat peoples. In Indonesia, despite the recognition for adat peoples in the Constitution and formal rules, including adat institutions, in practice there has been a long-term marginalization. The inconsistent State’s policies towards the adat law application play a role in the marginalization of adat communities at various levels. Having field research in Ciptagelar, Karang and Guradog kasepuhan communities in western Java and legal pluralism perspective, this paper elucidates the lack of adat law recognition giving certain impacts on adat peoples, including on their social lives and livelihood. This study also proves that although adat law is not practically adopted by the State, in some cases, adat peoples find strategies to maintain their beliefs and adat law. Thus, in a broader context, the marginalization is unable to eliminate adat and adat law as a whole. To date the practice of multi-legal systems in a plural society, such as Indonesia, still takes place, both in conflict and coexistence. Moreover, in discussing Indonesia’s implementation of law from a community perspective, the distinction between formal and informal systems is still needed and legal unification only functions within certain limits
SYNTOPIC ELYMNIAS AGONDAS ARUANA FEMALE FORMS MIMIC DIFFERENT TAENARIS MODEL SPECIES (PAPILIONOIDEA: NYMPHALIDAE: SATYRINAE) ON ARU, INDONESIA
Authors: Lohman David J. , Sarino Sarino , Peggie Djunijanti
Published: June 2020

Wing patterns of female Elymnias agondas (Boisduval, 1832) butterflies are highly variable, presumably to mimic different Taenaris species throughout New Guinea and surrounding islands. Labels on most E. agondas museum specimens lack precise locality information, complicating efforts to match E. agondas female wing patterns with presumed Taenaris model species. This paucity of data also makes it impossible to determine where different forms occur and whether they are strictly allopatric. During fieldwork on the Aru Archipelago, we found two distinct forms of E. agondas females occurring syntopically. The “light form” resembles T. catops, while the “dark form” seems to mimic T. myops and T. artemis. We discuss the significance of this finding and illustrate species in the Taenaris mimicry ring encountered on Aru.
Profitability of growing Scots pine on cutaway peatlands
Authors: Aro Lasse , Ahtikoski Anssi , Hytönen Jyrki
Published: June 2020

A major after-use option for former peat harvesting areas has been afforestation. The profitability of afforestation with Scots pine trees ( L.) was studied in two 31â32-year old experiments in southern and northern Finland. The stands were established by seeding and planting, and various fertilization treatments and drainage intensities were tested. The financial performance for each plot was assessed in three steps. First, the costs occurred during the measurement time were summed up according to their present value. Then, for the rest of the rotation (i.e., from the age of 31/32 onwards) the stand management was optimized in order to maximize the net present value (MaxNPV). Finally, bare land values (BLVs) were calculated by summing up the present value of costs and the MaxNPV and converting the sum of the series into infinity. The afforestation method did not affect the mean annual increment (MAI; 9.2â9.5 m ha a) in the southern experiment. In the northern experiment the afforestation method, ditch spacing and fertilization had significant effects on the MAI of the stands. The average MAI of the planted pines was 8.9 m ha a, and for seeded pines it was 7.5 m ha a. The BLV at an interest rate of 3% was positive for all stands in both regions. In the northern region afforestation method, ditch spacing and fertilization also had a significant effect on the BLV. When the interest rate was 5%, almost two thirds of the stands had a negative BLV in both regions.Pinus sylvestris3â1â13â1â13â1â1