bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
POSSIBLE IMPROVEMENTS OF PERSONAL INCOME TAX IN LATVIA
Authors: Avotiņš Ivars , Avotiņa Gita , Zvirgzdiņa Rosita
Published: July 2024

In the European Union lot of taxes are as equal between the Member States as possible to the extent of  interests of each Member State. At the same time there are some taxes that can make a big competition between countries. Personal Income Tax is the tax that affects competitiveness between the Member States, including between Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. This was especially relevant in 2023 and is becoming more and more important in 2024, when many international companies are choosing a country to build their central office or manufacture in the Baltic region or make decision on continuation or extension of presence in the particular country. Thus, in addition to various other aspects, competition for workforce is impacted by tax rates applied to personal income having direct impact on each individual and interests. The balance between interests of the state and private individual is being managed via amendments in legislation which are also based on theories. ;
The methods applied in this study are literature review and regression analysis. They help to assess Latvian progress in comparison to Lithuania and Estonia via method of comparison analyses development   and   relationship   among strategic indicators of Personal income Tax development in Latvia. Due to confirmation of authors analyses expertise assessment method is used.;
The most popular theory on the issues is connected to “The Laffer Curve” and the two effects on revenues: the arithmetic effect and the economic effect. Thereby, the practical aspects of competition for higher salaries and number of residents needs to be highly evaluated by minimizing the risk of decrease of income and lack of expected result.
PRACTICING GREEN HRM TO ACHIEVE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Kadirova Zulayho , Ismoyilov Bakhtiyor
Published: July 2024

The essential point of the ponder is to investigate and discover the affiliation between organizational natural maintainability and utilizing green HRM (green compensation, green hiring, green involvement, and green training), as well as to ascertain the role that an employee's green behavior may play in making the entire work settings green. Environmental responsibility is a crucial area of study. Manufacturing companies worldwide are calling for the advancement of their green center projects due to the growing concern for the environment and its effects on global warming and climate change. In a similar vein, it was emphasized that to gain a competitive edge, there is a constant need for the production and exchange of innovative green ideas while taking into account diverse environmental groups throughout the world. The researchers adopted a qualitative methodology. The study examines the relationship between variables, finding that environmental sustainability and staff green behavior correlate with green HRM.
ORGANIZATION OF PARTICIPATORY BUDGET (PB) DEVELOPMENT IN LATVIAN MUNICIPALITIES
Authors: Linina Iveta , Jansevica Gita , Vevere Velga
Published: July 2024

In recent years, negative trends have been observed in Latvia in connection with society's reluctance to get involved in political processes and, therefore, also in state and local government administration. The number of voters who voted in the 2017 local government elections in the amount of 50.39% was assessed as an alarming indicator. In the municipal elections of 2021, when only 34.01% of eligible voters voted, the result causes alarm. The results of the elections and studies show that there is alienation of the population from the government and the current trust in the state administration is very low. Citizens do not believe that they can influence the development and management processes of the state and local governments. One of the reasons for distrust is the lack of feedback from the municipality or the inability or unwillingness of the municipality to solve the problems raised by the residents. The need to ensure public participation is defined in several regulatory acts of the Republic of Latvia. Residents' involvement is a long-term process, in which the prerequisite is the building of trust between the municipality and the residents. If citizens have the opportunity to determine how a part of the municipal budget will be spent, municipalities will promote democratic values and the opportunity to participate in the decision-making process. Participatory budget in local governments is one of the ways to try to bring citizens closer to local government. By 2025 in Latvia, it must be included in the municipal budget.
The aim of the work is to find out the readiness of Latvian local governments to plan a participation budget in 2025 in the amount specified in the Law on Local Governments.
The tasks of the work are to study the findings of various authors on public participation and the participatory budget, to analyse the normative documents on the participatory budget adopted in Latvia and to conduct a situational study of the experience of local governments and their readiness to implement a participatory budget by 2025. Methods used in the work - monographic method, analysis of various theoretical sources, regulatory acts, sociological research method - interview, - for finding out the opinion of experts and logically constructive method - for forming judgments and recommendations.
CHANGES IN STRUCTURE OF ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITIES IN THE DAUGAVA RIVER AND PĻAVIŅAS RESERVOIR
Authors: Brakovska Aija , Paidere Jana , Tretjakova Rasma
Published: July 2024

In general 26 taxa of Rotifera, 8 taxa Cladocera and 3 taxa Copepoda group were found in the Daugava River in sampling site- Jēkabpils in 2019, but 25 taxa of Rotifera, 6 taxa Cladocera and 2 taxa Copepoda group were found in the Daugava River in sampling site- Veczeļķi in 2019. In contrast, 26 taxa of Rotifera, 7 taxa Cladocera and 1 taxon Copepoda group were found in the Daugava River in sampling site- Jēkabpils in 2020, and 23 taxa of Rotifera, 1 taxa Cladocera group were found in the Daugava River in sampling site- Veczeļķi in 2020. 28 taxa of Rotifera, 13 taxa Cladocera and 4 taxon Copepoda group were found in the Pļaviņas Reservoir (sampling site- Gostiņi) in 2019, and 25 taxa of Rotifera, 7 taxa Cladocera group and 2 taxon Copepoda group were found in 2020. In the Daugava River in sampling site- Jēkabpils and Veczeļķi the highest percentage of Rotifera taxa were Synchaeta sp., Keratella cochlearis, Brachionus calyciflorus, Brachionus quadridentatus, Euchlanis sp., Polyarthra sp., which were typical species of the Daugava. Cladocera and Copepoda compared with Rotifera have very small percentage of representatives. Rotifera taxa of Pļaviņas Reservoir the highest percentage are Synchaeta sp., Brachionus calyciflorus, Keratella cochlearis, Keratella quadrata, Polyarthra sp. and Asplanchna priodonta. From Cladocera here were found typical of lake zooplankton taxa i.e Bosmina longirostris, Chydorus ovalis, Diaphanosoma brachyurum, Ceriodaphnia sp. Water temperature in the upper layer of the Daugava River and of the Plavinas Reservoir were 22 0C, the dissolved oxygen content 12 mg/l and chlorophyll α concentration 4 μg/l.
URANIUM MINES IN BULGARIA - ANALYSIS OF THE STATE 30 YEARS AFTER THEIR CLOSURE
Authors: Dolchinkov Nikolay , Boyanova Yanitsa , Nichev Nikolay
Published: July 2024

Uranium mining in Bulgaria dates back to 1939 and was made a historical aspect of uranium mining in Bulgaria until its liquidation in 1992. The measures taken under Decree No. 74 / 27.03.1998 to liquidate the consequences of mining and processing are described of uranium and the omissions to be made. eliminated in this regard. Until the end of uranium mining in 1992, the annual production of uranium was 660-680 t, of which 430 t was obtained by geotechnical method - drilling with sand-type uranium drilling. They are poor in uranium (below 0.05%), but with several times cheaper yields (average $40/kg for 1970-1990). The problems related to the reclamation of lands around uranium deposits and enterprises are shown. The condition of the terrain around the mines and the results of the samples from 2000 and 2010 have been analysed and recommendations for improving the condition and subsequent investigation of the condition of the adjacent terrain have been identified.
SUSTAINABLE ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE, ITS TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS
Authors: Steinhart Julija
Published: July 2024

The interest in sustainable organizational performance has increased strongly in the last decade. With the rising macroeconomic pressure and unforeseen circumstances such as global pandemic, an increased number of economies battle to ensure prosperity, performance, and target trans-formation.
The aim of this study is to spot trends and developments on sustainable organizational performance observed in the academia for the last decade. More precisely, main sources of publications as well as biases within geographical, citation, authorship and thematic dimensions are to be identified. To achieve this aim, a qualitative study based on bibliometric analysis has been performed.
In total, 1286 relevant articles were retrieved for the last decade that examined sustainable organizational performance, however none of them has implemented a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis and elaborate on progress within academic research. The bibliometric analysis within this study is based on a literature review of publications obtained from Scopus using an inclusive search strategy. In addition, the visualization of the data was carried out with the use of Bibliometrix and VOSviewer.
The article strives to contribute to the research on sustainable organizational performance, while performing keywords and co-occurrence analysis. It further defines top productive authors, structure of the research topic in the journals and countries. In addition to that, Lotka analysis has been performed to understand the interactions and structure of publications of the subject area.
The importance of the organizational framework, management and governance were identified as main keywords underlying once again that functional framework provides structure and hierarchy the entity may build on, while effective management ensures the utilization of resources within the established framework. Oversight, in turn, is organized by governance that guides both the framework and management practices.
The study comes with the conclusion and recommendations for both business and academia.
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REVIEW OF METHODS FOR CLASSIFYING AND ASSESSING INFORMATION UNCERTAINTY
Authors: Uzhga-Rebrov Oleg , Grabusts Peter
Published: July 2024

There is a large number and variety of uncertainties that relate to almost all areas of life and the activity of people. Based on numerous literature sources, this article classifies various uncertainties into the following large groups: (1) stochastic uncertainties and (2) numerical uncertainties, including fuzzy and possibilistic ones. The article presents general approaches to assessing uncertainties in each of these groups. In addition, the article presents the main characteristics of general uncertainty estimates and provides an illustrative example.
APPLYING THE PYTHON PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE AND ARDUINO ROBOTICS KITS IN THE PROCESS OF TRAINING FUTURE TEACHERS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
Authors: Kyslitsyn Vitalii , Shevchenko Liudmyla , Umanets Volodymyr , Sikoraka Lina , Angelov Yaroslav
Published: July 2024

The article explores the possibilities and advantages of applying the Python programming language for using Arduino robotics kits in the process of training future computer science teachers in pedagogical institutions of education. Considerable emphasis is placed on analyzing the principles of operation of simple programs and devices. This analysis visualizes the possibilities of using the Arduino platform and Python libraries to create robots that can be implemented in education and everyday life. The authors have presented a working model of a robot built and programmed on the basis of Arduino components to measure humidity in computer laboratories and develop automatic plant irrigation systems to maintain appropriate conditions in classrooms. They also provide an example of integrating the learning of the Python programming language with the use of Arduino robotics kits. This method aims to enhance the quality of training for future computer science teachers, broaden their methodological toolkit, and equip them with the ability to teach students using innovative methods. The study's results and the developed teaching materials aim to increase students' interest in STEM education and prepare a new generation of computer science teachers for the challenges of the modern technological world. This will expand their methodological arsenal and develop their ability to use integrated technical, engineering, and mathematical solutions to solve theoretical and practical problems. This study can serve as a guide for popularizing the use of Arduino and Python in educational institutions. It may encourage future computer science teachers to introduce STEM and practical teaching methods, which can contribute to better student learning and improve the quality of professional education in the field of information technology. The study presents opportunities for utilizing modern digital technologies in vocational education and encourages interest in STEM education among computer science teachers and students. This contributes to the development of a new generation of engineers and technology leaders. Further research could focus on developing targeted training courses and methods for integrating the Python programming language and Arduino robotics kits into STEM education. It is crucial to create interdisciplinary STEM courses with the involvement of computer science, physics, mathematics, and vocational education teachers in the IT industry.
ANALYSIS AND APPLICATION OF CRM SYSTEMS IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION
Authors: Petrov Pavel , Milev Vassil
Published: July 2024

In practice, a customer relationship management (CRM) system is considered as application software, which is designed for organizations and enterprises, with the aim of facilitating the organization and successful implementation of relationships with current and future customers, i.e. CRM systems are mainly referred to business. The purpose of this paper is to research and represent the integration/deployment and benefits of CRM-systems in non-profit organizations such as universities and other higher education institutions, thereby contributing to increasing their competitiveness. The appropriate communication and streamlined processes are the key steps to attracting and retaining more students, as well as staying competitive, therefore an adequate using of CRM system can support taking advantage of these success factors. The paper proposes a comparative analysis of existing leading CRM systems in the field of Higher Education, a summarization of the benefits and the need for their deployment.
AN IMPLEMENTATION OF BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACE IN RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
Authors: Mamchur Dmytro , Peksa Janis
Published: July 2024

The paper provides brief overview of Brain-Computer Interface (BCI), highlighting BCI-based assisting technologies for disabled persons in healthcare applications as one of the key priorities. A proposed solution for implementation OpenBCI-based hardware and software in research on computer typing assistance system described, including general view of experimental test bench and software approach description. An experimental verification of a possible computer typing assistance system is presented, as well as basic test results obtained along with their interpretation and discussion.
ЕNHANCING STUDENTS’ CODING SKILLS WITH BLOOM'S TAXONOMY AND THE COMPETENCE APPROACH THROUGH EDUCATIONAL GAME DESIGN
Authors: Voinohovska Valentina , Doncheva Julia
Published: July 2024

This paper explores an innovative approach to enhancing students' coding skills by integrating Bloom's Taxonomy and the Competence Approach through the design and implementation of educational games. The rapid evolution of technology necessitates a dynamic pedagogical framework that not only imparts technical knowledge but also fosters higher-order thinking skills. Bloom's Taxonomy provides a structured hierarchy of cognitive skills, ranging from basic understanding to advanced synthesis and evaluation, offering a comprehensive framework for curriculum development. Concurrently, the Competence Approach emphasizes the practical application of knowledge, focusing on real-world skills and problem-solving. In this study, we propose the synthesis of these two pedagogical frameworks to create a robust and effective methodology for teaching coding to students. By aligning specific coding tasks with Bloom's Taxonomy levels and integrating real-world problem-solving scenarios using the Competence Approach, educators can develop a curriculum that caters to diverse learning styles and cognitive abilities. To implement this approach, we advocate the use of educational games as a powerful and engaging tool for active learning.
MODERN PERSPECTIVES IN BULGARIAN ENGINEERING EDUCATION THROUGH THE PRISM OF EXPERTS FROM THE IT SECTOR (EMPIRICAL STUDY)
Authors: Dimcheva Gergana , Stoyanov Ivaylo
Published: July 2024

We are witnessing a confluence of technology, information, communication and artificial intelligence that emphasizes the importance of soft skills, communication skills, critical thinking, problem solving, teamwork in engineering. This, in turn, necessitates an emphasis on interdisciplinary training by educational institutions in the preparation of engineering personnel, in accordance with the requirements of business in the IT field. The research was conducted on the territory of the city of Sofia in the Republic of Bulgaria, where a significant number of small and medium-sized IT companies are positioned with opportunities to hire graduating students and accordingly, the experts working in them to assess their competences, but also to assess the requirements of those for training of engineering staff from universities in the IT sector. From this point of view the purpose of the publication is to establish from a certain group of respondents some modern perspectives in Bulgarian engineering education from the point of view of business representatives. Based on the purpose of the study a questionnaire was drawn up and sent to respondents to assess what knowledge and skills future IT engineers should possess. This necessitated the use of a quantitative approach through an online survey that was randomly sent to 24 small and medium-sized IT enterprises. The completed and returned surveys are from 59 experts, representatives of 16 enterprises. The research showed that IT business experts need IT engineering personnel who have not only narrowly specialized knowledge in the relevant professional field, but also interdisciplinary ones with a wide range of work and decision-making skills.
THE POTENTIAL OF DEVELOPING AND CREATING ONLINE APPLICATIONS FOR TEACHER TRAINING
Authors: Voloshyna Oksana , Melnychuk Tetiana , Sapohov Mykyta , Burlaka Nelia , Khilya Anna
Published: July 2024

In the modern society, technology is everywhere. From birth, children learn about technology and develop computer competence. Whether a baby, preschooler, or adult – it doesn't matter, everyone has basic skills in manipulating devices and interacting with the Internet (according to age, body functionality, etc.). However, this is not what can satisfy the growing need to change approaches to professional activities in various fields of science and life. In particular, to education at all levels, which should ensure qualitative and quantitative changes for further professional activity. For example, we conducted a review of the latest theoretical and practical publications on the development and creation of online applications, which formed the basis for our own reflections on their implementation and use. It is not the first year that we have been addressing the issue of application development, collecting and analysing information on the involvement of future teachers in content development. After all, observing the development of technological solutions in developed countries of Europe and the USA, we analysed the development and demand for new technological solutions in education. And as a result of this introduction, based on the analysis, we were able to consider: fundamental differences in understanding and approaches to working with applications in the Ukrainian scientific community and in international practice; analyse the potential of developing and creating applications by students majoring in primary education and preschool education; to make a snapshot of data through feedback on their e-portfolios of relevant developments of their own production and lists of applications available online. This approach allowed us to draw conclusions about the potential risks of implementing online applications in practice. We also identified critical points in preparing teachers to use existing, create and develop their own online applications for working with children.
PRINCIPLES OF CREATING AND DESIGNING VIDEO CONTENT FOR ASYNCHRONOUS LEARNING
Authors: Khilya Anna , Kukharchuk Halyna , Sabadosh Yuliia , Korol Alona
Published: July 2024

A key stage of professional training is to prepare them for the use of ICTs and modern innovative solutions that would not only improve the quality of presentation of educational content, but also minimise the time spent on learning new material and repeating material that has already been covered. Therefore, a relevant aspect of preparing teachers and future professionals in general for self-presentation or presentation of their own projects should be preparation for the use of video editors and online platforms to create short videos that both students and teachers can use to save time during teaching or to support projects that are offered to a wide audience. For this reason, in our review, we focus on the theoretical aspects of introducing video content into the educational process; high-quality video editing software that students and teachers can use from any device; analyse the quality of the projects prepared by students; review teaching approaches for asynchronous learning. But, with the main objective of our research being to argue for the principles of creating and designing video content for asynchronous learning. We present not only the above results of our review and practical implementation of the relevant project activities, but also the theoretical aspects of the issue necessary for teachers' understanding and personal improvement. This complex approach allows us to develop the simplest and most flexible algorithm for working with video content, depending on the needs of the teacher, their psychological characteristics and technical skills, as well as the purpose of the subject being taught. After all, for some subjects and the teachers who teach them, the thesis "why should we reinvent the wheel" will be appropriate. While for the other part, this process will always be a personal challenge, an innovation and a requirement of modern education. That is why, in our opinion, the proposed flexible algorithm will be useful for both future teachers and professionals who already have teaching experience.
MONITORING AND ANALYSIS OF THE ACHIEVED RESULTS OF USING THE STEM OFFICES IN VELIKO TARNOVO REGION AFTER THE LAUNCH OF THE NATIONAL PROGRAM
Authors: Karaivanova-Dolchinkova Bonka , Kozhuharova Penka
Published: July 2024

Research has been done on the expectations and implementation of training in the newly built STEM centres under the current national program of the Ministry of Education and Science in Bulgaria. Initially, 16 schools on the territory of the Veliko Tarnovo region were selected for the construction of STEM centres with different orientations. They have been working for 2 years now, and based on observation and research among students and teachers, analysis and proposals for improving their effectiveness have been made. Based on the achieved results, the Ministry of Education and Science has expanded the national program for the construction of STEM centres and there will now be such in all schools, which eloquently speaks of their effectiveness and the increase in academic results. The results of conducting the training in the newly built centres and the satisfaction of the trainees and teachers are indicated.
SYNERGY OF COMPETENCES IN AERONAUTICAL ENGLISH EDUCATION
Authors: Katsarska Vanya
Published: July 2024

Successful communication between military pilots and air traffic controllers is vital for ensuring the safety and efficiency of aviation operations. While linguistic competence is fundamental, efficient communication in this context transcends mere language proficiency. The research study explores some contemporary under-researched theoretical and practical issues regarding the acquisition of the military aeronautical English language and establishes a strong correlation between aviation linguistic competence and interactive, cross-cultural and professional competence. This article explores the synergy of these competences and underscores the significance of integrating them in aviation English education. The synergy of competences equips pilots and controllers with the multifaceted skills necessary for ensuring the safety and success of flights in increasingly complex and globalized airspace environments.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF WASTE IN DENTAL CARE: EDUCATIONAL STRATEGIES TO PROMOTE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
Authors: Coronel-Zubiate Franz Tito , Farje-Gallardo Carlos Alberto , Rojas de la Puente Edward Enrique
Published: July 2024

Dental practice generates significant waste with significant environmental impact, but the lack of awareness and education about sustainability in dental waste management postulates challenges for public health and professional training, so effective educational strategies are needed to promote sustainable practices and environmentally responsible dental care. The study used a mixed longitudinal approach to evaluate changes in dental students. Data were collected from 15 students through surveys, interviews as well as documentary analysis. Educational strategies were designed and implemented, followed by rigorous statistical and qualitative analysis, ensuring validity and research ethics. After the course, a significant increase in knowledge was observed, with more than 80% of the students acquiring basic knowledge about the types of pollutants and their environmental impact. In addition, there was a positive change in attitudes, with more than 70% expressing greater awareness and two willingness to adopt sustainable practices in disposal management. Students also recognized the importance of caring for the environment, with more than 80% showing a greater willingness to implement sustainable practices in their future professional practice. Environmental education is fundamental to the promotion of sustainable practices in dental care. Educational strategies can generate significant changes in students' knowledge, attitudes and perceptions, influencing the adoption of more sustainable practices in clinical practice.
INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT MODIFIERS ON THE CORROSION RATE OF ALSI18CU3CRMN ALLOY
Authors: Dimova Desislava , Dochev Boyan , Kamarska Kalina , Boychev Yavor , Chuchulska Bozhana
Published: July 2024

The development of new hypereutectic Al-Si alloys with increased mechanical and improved operational properties is an up-to-date engineering task. The non-standardized hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy AlSi18Cu3CrMn is modified with different modifiers (standard modifier P and a complex of modifiers P, Ti, B and Be). The compositions thus modified are subjected to heat treatment (T6). Artificial aging after quenching was carried out under different parameters (temperature and time). The aim of the present study is to determine the influence of the used modifiers on the corrosion rate of the compositions under the same conditions. The gravimetric method was used.
MISMATCHED FILTERS FOR PROCESSING OF PHASE MANIPULATED SIGNALS WITH THREE-VALUED AUTOCORRELATION
Authors: Bedzhev Borislav , Dimitrov Dilyan
Published: July 2024

The phase manipulated signals, which autocorrelation functions resemble delta pulses, play a very important role for the radars, radio navigation networks and remote control systems as they provide the highest possible resolution of the received signals. Unfortunately, today known classes of such signals have small volumes, which often cannot ensure the necessary electromagnetic compatibility as well as high resistance in a hostile radio electronic environment. Accounting this situation in the paper a method for synthesis of mismatched filters, which effectively suppress the sidelobes of three-valued autocorrelations of phase manipulated signals, is substantiated.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE FREQUENCY RESPONSES OF ELECTROPNEUMATIC POSITIONING SYSTEM
Authors: Iliev Georgi
Published: July 2024

This paper describes an experimental study and comparison of the frequency responses of an electropneumatic positioning system with a rod and a rodless pneumatic cylinder. An experimental rig is set up to study the Bode magnitude and phase plots of an electropneumatic positioning system with different types of pneumatic cylinders, and the critical frequencies of the system are determined. A virtual instrument is used to collect experimental data. The processing and process control are automatically performed by a PC and the corresponding NI interface board. The frequency response of the system is defined by two graphs - Amplitude-frequency response (AFR) and Phase-frequency response (PFR). From the presented characteristics, the critical frequencies are determined for both systems - with double out rod and rodless cylinder. As a result of the research, it was established that in a pneumatic positioning system with a double-sided out rod cylinder, the critical frequency is higher than the system with rodless cylinder. This indicates the better dynamic properties of the system. The advantages of the rodless pneumatic cylinder are that its design occupies less embedding space compared to a cylinder with a double out rod, which requires twice the clearances for equal working strokes in industrial electropneumatic positioning systems.
INNOVATIVE OBSOLESCENCE IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND SINGLENESS OF INDICATORS
Authors: Petrova Desislava
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the present work is to present the manifestation of innovative obsolescence in mechanical engineering and the unequivocalness of the indicators - service life, reliability, physical wear, innovative and programmed obsolescence. The innovation life cycle and when innovation obsolescence occurs are presented. It has been proven that innovation obsolescence is a regularity that manifests as a consequence of the occurring change in the technical levels of innovations with the same technical purpose. The development is based on the thesis that between innovation development and innovation obsolescence there are certain interrelationships and interdependencies that essentially characterize the process of innovation obsolescence itself. In subsequent publications, an analysis of the dependencies and factors influencing the innovation process in the industry will be presented, regarding: constructive solutions, materials, processing processes, costs, demand and supply, price and obsolescence of solutions.
OPTIMIZATION OF A TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF CU99.9 WITH DIFFERENT DEGREES OF PLASTIC DEFORMATION
Authors: Dimova Desislava , Dochev Boyan , Boychev Yavor
Published: July 2024

Different degrees of plastic deformation of Cu99.9 have been achieved by using different technological forming processes. Recrystallization annealing was carried out at different time-temperature regimes. The influence of the degree of plastic deformation and the recrystallization annealing conditions on the structure of the studied material (Cu99.9) is discussed. The technological process of heat treatment is optimized.
OPTIMIZING 3D PRINTING PARAMETERS TO IMPROVE HARDNESS AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS
Authors: Sabev Sabi , Chukalov Konstantin , Bakardzhiev Valeri , Izmirliyan Agop
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this paper is to study the factors affecting roughness and hardness of 3D printed models. Two parameters are analyzed- 3D printing speed and layer thickness. The main disadvantage of 3D printed models is their higher roughness, which depends on the printing parameters. In order to obtain parts with smoother surfaces, it is necessary to study these parameters. Based on the obtained experimental results, a regression dependence was built describing the relationship between roughness and hardness with the investigated printing parameters.
INFLUENCE OF THE PARAMETERS OF THE LASER MARKING PROCESS ON THE DEPTH OF PENETRATION IN LAYER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES
Authors: Tsenkulovski Simeon , Mitev Ivan
Published: July 2024

In the present study, we track the influence of the change in the energy parameters of a laser installation based on Fiber laser - RFFL-P-502B, on the depth of penetration in marking layer-reinforced polymer-based composites. To determine their influence on the depth of the marked strokes, experiments were carried out at speed V= 50÷250 mm/s, output power P = 5÷50 W, pulse frequency f = 50 kHz and diameter of the focal spot 40μm. Tabular results and graphical dependences of the obtained experimental results are presented..
NON-LINEAR MODEL IN REGION OF VERY LOW SPEEDS FOR A PERMANENT MAGNET DIRECT CURRENT MOTOR
Authors: Popov Nickolay
Published: July 2024

Thematic is in mechatronics and automation branches, applicable in the mobile robotics. Permanent Magnet DC collector motors, are widely used in small mobile robots due to their low-cost. Automated control systems of mobile robots, which operate under different conditions and require accuracy of operation, raise the need for the nonlinearities to be taken into account. In this article, a complex non-linear model of a PMDC motor with brushes is synthesized. The aim is to determine of suitable way of motor behaviour simulating in the region of very small speeds. The tribology aspects at different friction regimes are of great importance for a model at low speeds. The parameters and constants of the model are separately defined through referring to their physical equivalents. Besides the theoretical modelling, a simple mathematical way to determine the constants for this detailed model is deduced. Then the synthesized model is simulated and results are graphically represented and then compared with another similar model, proposed by another authors. As a conclusion, the advantages of this non-linear approach are revealed. This research is applicable as a study of direct-current motor and its simulation model or as facilitating example in lectures of robotics or control systems.
INVESTIGATION OF LASER MARKING ON CHROMIUM-NICKEL SAMPLES
Authors: Dolchinkov Nikolay , Tortorikov Milen
Published: July 2024

In the present century, laser marking on various materials is increasingly used. Very good results are achieved when working on resistant materials and as in our experiment with chrome-nickel samples. Chrome-nickel is used in the production of a number of details and products, especially in the military-industrial complex. Experiments were performed on thin chromium-nickel samples and the variation of marking quality with variation of laser speed and power and material roughness was investigated. The results obtained have been analysed and this will enable both the use of the obtained results and the continuation of research. These studies were carried out at the Laser Centre of the Rezekne Academy of Technology during an Erasmus internship.
INVESTIGATION OF LASER TEXTURING PARAMETERS AND THEIR IMPACT ON GLUE ADHESION PROPERTIES ON THE SURFACE OF BIRCH PLYWOOD
Authors: Gusts Artis Stanislavs , Adijāns Imants
Published: July 2024

Laser technologies are wide-ranging applications in various fields such as manufacturing, medicine, research, entertainment, and more. They are used in processes, such as, for cutting, welding, marking, engraving, surgery, spectroscopy, and many other purposes, owing to their precision, versatility and etc. Birch plywood is a type of manufactured wood product made from thin layers of birch veneer bonded together with special glue under high pressure and heat. It is known for its strength, stability, and visual look, making it a popular material in woodworking, furniture making, construction, and other applications. This study investigates the effect of laser textured treatment on the adhesion properties of birch plywood surface using PVA wood glue. A SUNTOP ST-CC9060 CO2 laser with a wavelength of 10640 nm was used to texture birch plywood samples with different power and speed parameters, including untreated samples (base). Dino-Lite Edge AM7115MZT digital microscope, and an OLYMPUS LEXT OLS5000 laser microscope were used to measure the samples. The depth and width of the treated area were measured for these samples and graphs were created to analyze the results. Material testing machine Zwick / Roell Z150 was used for tensile and shear analysis of the processed samples. These results show that laser-treated samples have an effect on glue adhesion compared to untreated samples. The study provides valuable insight into the optimization of laser processing parameters in adhesion, and also shows the potential of this type of adhesion to improve the quality of the adhesion properties of laser-treated birch plywood.
STUDY OF ADHESION OF PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION COATINGS ON FUNCTIONAL TEXTILE WITH LASER POST-PROCESSING
Authors: Mežinska Silvija , Pacejs Antons , Adijāns Imants , Zaicevs Edgars , Lazov Lyubomir
Published: July 2024

Functional textile are one of the most critical fields in the textile industry and textile materials science. In recent years, advanced technologies in textile processing have become relevant in order to improve its usability. In the production of various types of functional textile, one of the methods is the modification of textile surfaces. To improve the properties of the textile surface, magnetron vacuum sputtering and laser post-processing technologies can be used, which in general gives the material new or improved properties and functionalities. In this study, mixed fiber fabrics containing polyester, protal and cotton fibers are used to determine how laser post-treatment of the metalized fabrics impact the adhesive properties between fabric and deposited metal. The following materials were used for magnetron vacuum sputtering for functional textile coatings: Cu, Al, Ti, Ag. Individually or by combining these metals, it is possible to assign the textile such properties as: electromagnetic, UV and IR radiation shielding; antistatic, antibacterial, hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties, as well as increasing wear resistance. In this study a 100 W continuous wave CO2 laser with a wavelength of 10.6 µm is used for post-treatment of magnetron vacuum sputtered modified textile surfaces. The study's conclusions point towards a tailored approach in determining linear energy densities that bolster adhesion for each metal-textile combination, which is essential for the development of durable and functional advanced textile. The patterns noted in the adhesion strengths, influenced by different energy densities and metal types, highlight the intricate relationship between the thermal impact of laser treatment and the inherent characteristics of the metals deposited. Some metals demonstrated improved adhesion at lower energy densities. However, a general trend emerged showing a reduction in the strength of adhesion as the energy density increased, especially when surpassing certain energy levels.
MODEL OF MANAGEMENT OF PROCESSES AND PHENOMENA’S IN THE MILITARY SECURITY SYSTEM
Authors: Marinov Rumen
Published: July 2024

This paper presents theoretical analyzes and assessments of governance models in the military security system in the context of dynamically changing national security. The model for managing processes and phenomena in the system has been studied.
METHOD FOR KINETIC ARMOUR-PIERCING MUNITIONS EFFECTIVENESS ESTIMATION
Authors: Andonov Andon , Chalakov Radoslav
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a mathematical model and a computational module for armour-piercing munition (APM) effectiveness estimation. The topicality of this research arises from the necessity to automate the weaponeering process as part of Phase 3 of the Joint Targeting Cycle. The main objective of the study is to analyse the penetrator's structural material and munition's geometric characteristics impact over the depth of penetration into homogeneous steel armour plate Class I, in accordance with MIL-DTL-46100E/2008 standard.  Scientific methods analysis, math modelling, data collection, simulation and synthesis were used during the study. As a result, the following cconclusions were made: 1) the armour-piercing munitions’ effectiveness depends mainly on the ratio between penetrating rod’s density and the armour density, but not on the hardness of their penetrating elements; 2) the proposed model is an approximate empirical technique for armor-piercing munition effectiveness estimation; 3) iteratively finding solutions for different input variables makes it possible to determine the input conditions necessary to realize the desired damage effect on a target; 4) the computational module could be applied to the weaponeering process as part of the Joint Targeting Cycle.
ATTITUDES OF LATVIAN EXTERNAL BORDER CUSTOM OFFICERS TOWARDS WORK
Authors: Sardiko Vladislavs
Published: July 2024

Topicality of the study: It is essential to understand what is important to employees, what their main motivation factors are, and the attitudes towards work. An employee's orientation towards processes, work, money, and results can significantly influence their performance and attitude towards work. The elements of this motivation shape employee's vision of their role in the organization and how they prioritize their responsibilities and goals. The aim the study: To investigate the personal attitudes of Latvia's external border customs employees towards work. Methodology: The main methodology employed in this research was an adopted version of O.Potemkina’s questionnaire “Diagnosis of socio-psychological attitudes of a person in the motivational-need sphere”. Out of the original 80 questions, 40 questions were selected and used according to the criteria (process, result, work, income). Additionally, a comprehensive questionnaire was applied to categorize respondents based on various indicators, including marital status, educational level, and gender. This approach facilitated a thorough analysis of the correlations between the primary research questions and different aspects of the respondents' profiles. Main findings: Women are more process-oriented, therefore more work with documents could be delegated to them, but on the other hand, men, being more result-oriented, and they are better positioned for roles in combating smuggling from a management perspective. Education is also of great importance, as it significantly changes the difference in results depending on the level of education. This approach could be highly beneficial before a job interview as it would reveal the motivation of the potential employee. If financial considerations are the primary motivation for the applicant, it might indicate that such an employee may not work with the customs for an extended period.
APPLICATION OF SOFTWARE PLATFORMS TO ENHANCE EARLY WARNING AND DETECTION SYSTEM CAPABILITIES FOR NUCLEAR WEAPONS THREAT
Authors: Padarev Nikolay
Published: July 2024

The report describes the potential damage from the striking factors of low- and medium-yield nuclear munitions. A scenario of a terrestrial nuclear explosion in a city is modelled. Analytical calculations are proposed for nuclear blast damage for which no simulation platform is implemented. An analysis was made of the damage to residential buildings and the population from the light pulse, radiation pollution through a software platform. Data for the electromagnetic pulse area are extracted. A comparison was made of the sizes of the damage zones for the striking factors of the nuclear weapon in the respective powers of the nuclear explosion.
THE IMPACT OF SPORTS ACTIVITIES ON THE PSYCHO-EMOTIONAL STATE OF CADETS IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS DURING WARTIME
Authors: Andres Andrii , Sorokolit Nataliia , Mandiuk Andrii , Rymar Olha , Khanikiants Olena
Published: July 2024

Military personnel with developed psychophysical qualities have a higher likelihood of success in their profession. The development of psychophysical preparedness can help maintain efficiency and health in extreme conditions. Today, there is a need to improve the psychophysical training of security and defense sector personnel in Ukraine. Engaging in sports can be one of the possible ways to enhance the psychophysical preparedness of the personnel in the security and defense sector of Ukraine. However, differences in psychophysical indicators between cadet-athletes and cadets without sports experience in the conditions of full-scale war have not been determined. This complicates the process of forming recommendations for developing physical training programs for cadets. Research methods used include theoretical analysis and summarization of scientific-methodical literature and internet data, sociological surveys (questionnaires), and methods of mathematical statistics. Results have confirmed that sports activities have a positive impact on the psycho-emotional state of cadets: they shape a higher level of life satisfaction, personal stress resistance (without affecting situational anxiety); they increase the ability to control anger without affecting the ability to control emotions of depression and anxiety. Similar tendencies were observed for other psychophysical state indicators, which, however, did not statistically confirm, possibly explained by their heterogeneity. It can be recommended to engage in sports for the correction of the psychophysical state of cadets in higher education institutions during wartime conflicts.
USE OF ARTILLERY FIRE SUPPORT ASSETS IN THE ATTRITION APPROACH IN THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE CONFLICT
Authors: Markov Dilyan
Published: July 2024

The armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine since February 24, 2022 does not appear to have a clear end, but to trace the possible paths of development, a better understanding of the strategy of waging war by the armed forces of both countries is needed. More detail on the attrition approach would facilitate realistic estimates of the duration of military conflict and the likely costs of artillery systems and munitions used in it. The causes and aspects of the implementation of exhaustion and its relationship with the amount of artillery ammunition used, develop the direct dependence on the increased need for their use. The influence of post-Soviet fire support assets on the different combat use procedures applied by the Ukrainian forces and the provision of Western-style weapons of varying types and quantities indicate the reasons for the implementation of the attrition strategies. The use of the artillery systems according to the stock method and the available amount of ammunition for them leads to the impossibility of applying their capabilities in a full profile on the battlefield to achieve the goals set by the political demands.
ADAPTIVE MODEL FOR PROTECTION OF ELECTRONIC RESOURCES AGAINST INFORMATION SECURITY THREATS
Authors: Kerimov Komil , Azizova Zarina
Published: July 2024

The rapid development of digitalization and the creation of electronic resources, in areas such as e-commerce, government portals and others leads to the actualization of data protection issues. The protection of electronic resources is becoming more and more relevant every day. This article presents the concept of adaptive protection of electronic resources from information security threats. In the course of this research, an adaptive model of protection of electronic resources from threats to information security based on behavioral analysis was developed.