bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphologic change in coronary artery stenosis with the medtronic Wiktor™ stent: Initial results from the core laboratory for quantitative angiography
Authors: Serruys Patrick , De Jaegere Peter , Bertrand Michel , Kober Gisbert , Marquis Jean Francois , Piessens Jan , Uebis Rainer , Valeix Bernard , Wiegand Volker
Published: March 2007

The purpose of this study was to assess the early changes in stenosis geometry after implantation of the Medtronic Wiktor™ stent in human coronary arteries. Morphologic changes were evaluated by quantitative coronary angiography using automated edge detection. The hemodynamlc significance of the morphologic changes were assessed by the calculation of the theoretical pressure drop across the dilated and stented stenosis derived from the Poiseuile and turbulent resistances assuming a coronary blood flow of either 0.5, 1, or 3 ml/sec. Fifty patients were studied before and immediately after stent implantation. The stented coronary artery was the left anterior descending artery in 26 patients, the circumflex artery in eight patients, and the right coronary artery in 16 patients. Stent implantation resulted in an additional increase in the minimal lumlnal cross‐sectional area and minimal luminal diameter of the dilated vessel without changing the curvature of the stenosis. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction of the “plaque area.” This was associated with a normalization of the calculated resistances to flow and presure drop across the stenosis. To a minimal extent, recoil (0.1 ± 0.36 mm) was observed after stent implantation.
Bilateral coronary artery to left ventricular fistulas
Authors: Podolsky Leo , Ledley Gary S. , Goldstein Jacob , Kotler Morris N. , Yazdanfar Shahriar , Breall Jeffrey A. , Kim Ducksoo , Baim Donald S. , Skillman John J. , Grossman William
Published: March 2007

Congenital coronary artery fistulas are important coronary artery anomalies. Bilateral coronary artery fistulas are very rare and coronary artery to left ventricular communications are even more infrequent. This report describes a patient with bilateral right and left coronary artery fistulas draining into a common channel and emptying into the left ventricular cavity.
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty through 4 french diagnostic catheters
Authors: Moles V. P. , Meier B. , Urban P. , De La Serna F. , Pande A. K.
Published: March 2007

The use of 4 French (4F) diagnostic catheters as guiding catheters for coronary angio‐plasty using fixed‐wire balloons in 2 patients with a stenosis of the right and left anterior descending coronary artery, respectively, is reported.
Catalyzing Aldehyde Hydrosilylation with a Molybdenum(VI) Complex: A Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Costa Paulo Jorge , Romão Carlos C. , Fernandes Ana C. , Royo Beatriz , Reis Patrícia M. , Calhorda Maria José
Published: March 2007

[MoCl2O2] catalyzes the hydrosilylation reaction of aldehydes and ketones, as well as the reduction of other related groups, in apparent contrast to its known behavior as an oxidation catalyst. In this work, the mechanism of this reaction is studied by means of density functional theory calculations using the B3LYP functional complemented by experimental data. We found that the most favorable pathway to the first step, the SiH activation, is a [2+2] addition to the MoO bond, in agreement with previous and related work. The stable intermediate that results is a distorted‐square‐pyramidal hydride complex. In the following step, the aldehyde approaches this species and coordinates weakly through the oxygen atom. Two alternative pathways can be envisaged: the classical reduction, in which a hydrogen atom migrates to the carbon atom to form an alkoxide, which then proceeds to generate the final silyl ether, or a concerted mechanism involving migration of a hydrogen atom to a carbon atom and of a silyl group to an oxygen atom to generate the silyl ether weakly bound to the molybdenum atom. In this MoVI system, the gas‐phase free energies of activation for both approaches are very similar, but if solvent effects are taken into account and HSiMe3 is used as a source of silicon, the classical mechanism is favored. Several unexpected results led us to search for still another route, namely a radical path. The energy involved in this and the classical pathway are similar, which suggests that hydrosilylation of aldehydes and ketones catalyzed by [MoCl2O2] in acetonitrile may follow a radical pathway, in agreement with experimental results.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Hexaaquamagnesium Hydrogen Phosphododecatungstate Tetrahydrate [Mg(H2O)6] [HPW12O40]×4H2O.
Authors: Kremenovic A. , Poleti D. , Ghermani N. E. , Karanovic L. , Mioc U. B. , Nedic Z. , Spasojevic‐de Bire A.
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structure and Catalytic Function of Re‐Oxo Species Grafted onto H‐MFI Zeolite by Sublimation of Re2O7.
Authors: Lacheen Howard S. , Cordeiro Paul J. , Iglesia Enrique
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Phosphazene Base‐Promoted Functionalization of Aryltrimethylsilanes.
Authors: Suzawa Koichi , Ueno Masahiro , Wheatley Andrew E. H. , Kondo Yoshinori
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Facile Aerobic Photo‐Oxidation of Aldehydes in the Presence of Catalytic Lithium Bromide.
Authors: Hirashima Shin‐ichi , Itoh Akichika
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling and Ring‐Closing Metathesis: A Strategic Combination for the Synthesis of Cyclophane Derivatives.
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Mandal Kalyaneswar
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microwave‐Assisted Preparations of Amidrazones and Amidoximes.
Authors: Katritzkiy Alan R. , Khashab Niveen M. , Kirichenko Nataliya , Singh Anamika
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Cyclopropanes via Organoiron Methodology: Preparation and Rearrangement of Divinylcyclopropanes — Studies Directed Toward the Synthesis of Hydroazulenes.
Authors: Wallock Nathaniel J. , Bennett Dennis W. , Siddiquee Tasneem , Haworth Daniel T. , Donaldson William A.
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Azabicyclic Amino Acids by Stereoselective Dearomatizing Cyclization of the Enolates of N‐Nicotinoyl Glycine Derivatives.
Authors: Arnott Gareth , Clayden Jonathan , Hamilton Stuart D.
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 3‐Aryl‐5‐dichloromethyl‐1H‐pyrazole‐1‐carboxamides from 1‐Aryl‐3,4,4‐trichlorobut‐3‐en‐1‐ones.
Authors: Petkevich S. K. , Potkin V. I. , Kaberdin R. V.
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Preparation and Application of Chiral Spiro Nitrogen‐Containing Ligands for Cobalt‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Michael Addition.
Authors: Chen Chao , Zhu Shou‐Fei , Wu Xin‐Yan , Zhou Qi‐Lin
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Use of Calcium Carbide in One‐Pot Synthesis of Symmetric Diaryl Ethynes.
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Wu Huayue , Liu Zhiqing , Zhong Ping , Zhang Lin , Huang Xiaobo , Cheng Jiang
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Convenient Synthesis of 6‐Methoxy‐4‐isopropyl‐1‐tetralone.
Authors: Vera William J. , Banerjee Ajoy K.
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Michael Addition of 3‐Bromoinden‐1‐one: An Expedient Synthesis of 5‐Bromo‐3‐trifluoroacetamidoindan‐1‐one.
Authors: Wu Yong‐Jin
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
C70[NR2]2O: The First C70 Intramolecular Ethers Bearing Two Amine Groups.
Authors: Troshina Olesya A. , Troshin Pavel A. , Peregudov Alexander S. , Kozlovski Viacheslav I. , Lyubovskaya Rimma N.
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Multifunctionalized Furans from Diazoallenes: Rearrangement of 6‐Methylenebicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes.
Authors: Yao Tuanli , Hong Allen , Sarpong Richmond
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Substituted 3‐Hydroxypyrroles from 1‐Azapenta‐1,4‐dien‐3‐ones: The Aza‐Nazarov Reaction — Synthesis and Quantum Chemical Calculations.
Authors: Dieker Juergen , Froehlich Roland , Wuerthwein Ernst‐Ulrich
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Indoles: Efficient Functionalization of the 7‐Position.
Authors: Charrier Nicolas , Demont Emmanuel , Dunsdon Rachel , Maile Graham , Naylor Alan , O'Brien Alistair , Redshaw Sally , Theobald Pam , Vesey David , Walter Daryl
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Electroactive C2 Symmetry Receptors Based on the Biphenyl Scaffold and Tetrathiafulvalene Units.
Authors: Delogu Giovanna , Fabbri Davide , Dettori Maria Antonietta , Salle Marc , Le Derf Franck , Blesa Maria‐Jesus , Allain Magali
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ligand‐Based Design, Synthesis and Primary in vivo Screening of Pyrrole Derivatives as Potential Tricyclic Antiinflammatory Agents.
Authors: Bijev Atanas , Yaneva Diana , Bocheva Adriana , Stoev Georgi
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microwave‐Assisted “Green” Synthesis of 2‐Alkyl/Arylbenzothiazoles in One Pot: A Facile Approach to Antitumor Drugs.
Authors: Kamila Sukanta , Koh Benjamin , Biehl Edward R.
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed [8 + 3] Annulation of Tropone and Enals via Homoenolate.
Authors: Nair Vijay , Poonoth Manojkumar , Vellalath Sreekumar , Suresh Eringathodi , Thirumalai Rajasekaran
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Unusual De‐nitro Reduction of 2‐Substituted‐4‐nitroquinolines.
Authors: Zhou Yu , Li Jian , Liu Hong , Zhao Linxiang , Jiang Hualiang
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Liquid‐Phase Synthesis of Polyhydroquinoline Using Task‐Specific Ionic Liquid Technology.
Authors: Legeay Jean Christophe , Goujon Jean Yves , Vanden Eynde Jean Jacques , Toupet Loic , Bazureau Jean Pierre
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microwave‐Assisted Cycloaddition Reaction of Azides to N‐Substituted 2‐Azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐5‐en‐3‐ones.
Authors: Ishikura Minoru , Hasunuma Miyako , Yamada Koji , Yanada Reiko
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Modular Approach for the Synthesis of Dibenzoazepine Derivatives.
Authors: Hilt Gerhard , Galbiati Fabrizio , Harms Klaus
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Macrocycles by the Peripheral Functionalization of Macrocyclic Diimines.
Authors: Sierra Miguel A. , Pellico Daniel , Gomez‐Gallego Mar , Mancheno Maria Jose , Torres Rosario
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Facile Preparation and Functionalization of Chiral Stabilized Ylides from Common Chiral Auxiliaries Using Triphenylphosphoranylideneketene (the Bestmann Ylide) and Their Use in Wittig Reactions.
Authors: Boeckman Robert K. Jr. , Song Xinyi , Pero Joseph E.
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
First Enantiospecific Synthesis of (‐)‐Parvifoline (I) and (‐)‐Curcuquinone (II).
Authors: Chavan Subhash P. , Thakkar Mahesh , Jogdand Ganesh F. , Kalkote Uttam R.
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Polyoxygenated Triterpenoids from Stachyurus himalaicus var. himalaicus.
Authors: Yang Jing‐Hua , Wang Yun‐Song , Huang Rong , Luo Shi‐De , Zhang Hong‐Bin , Li Liang
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Rare New Cleistanthane Diterpene from the Pericarp of Trewia nudiflora.
Authors: Du Zhi‐Zhi , Shen Yue‐Mao
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of Novel Sugiol β‐Amino Alcohol Analogues.
Authors: Cordova I. , Leon L. G. , Leon F. , San Andres L. , Luis J. G. , Padron J. M.
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Amanicadol, a Pimarane‐Type Diterpene from Phlomis amanica Vierch.
Authors: Yalcin Funda N. , Ersoez Tayfun , Bedir Erdal , Doenmez Ali A. , Stavri Michael , Zloh Mire , Gibbons Simon , Calis Ihsan
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Destruxins from the Marine‐Derived Fungus Beauveria felina
Authors: Lira Simone P. , Vita‐Marques Aline M. , Seleghim Mirna H. R. , Bugni Tim S. , LaBarbera Daniel V. , Sette Lara D. , Sponchiado Sandra R. P. , Ireland Chris M. , Berlinck Robert G. S.
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Normalindine via Addition of Metalated 4‐Methyl‐3‐cyanopyridine to an Enantiopure Sulfinimine.
Authors: Davis Franklin A. , Melamed Jeffrey Y. , Sharik Steven S.
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Alkaloids from Daphniphyllum longeracemosum.
Authors: Yang Sheng‐Ping , Yue Jian‐Min
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Dimeric Coumarin and Phenylpropanoids from Clausena lenis.
Authors: He Hong‐Ping , Shen Yue‐Mao , Chen Shun‐Ting , He Yi‐Neng , Hao Xiao‐Jiang
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Deprotonations and Charges of Well‐Defined {Mo72Fe30} Nanoacids Simply Stepwise Tuned by pH Allow Control/Variation of Related Self‐Assembly Processes.
Authors: Liu Tianbo , Imber Brandon , Diemann Ekkehard , Liu Guang , Cokleski Katrina , Li Huilin , Chen Zhiqiang , Mueller Achim
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Multinuclear Ti(IV), Zr(IV) Oxo Alkoxide Carboxylate Complexes and Their Application as Metal Oxide CVD Precursors
Authors: Piszczek P. , Grodzicki A. , Richert M. , Radtke A. , Wojtczak A.
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Role of the Liquid—Solid Interface in the Preparation of Supported Catalysts
Authors: Bourikas Kyriakos , Kordulis Christos , Lycourghiotis Alexis
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Solubility and Redox Reactions of Plutonium(IV) Hydrous Oxide in the Presence of Oxygen
Authors: Neck V. , Altmaier M. , Fanghaenel Th.
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Chemistry of Phosphazenes. Synthetic Applications of Cα‐Lithiated Derivatives
Authors: Ortiz Fernando Lopez
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Rubidium and Cesium Halides
Authors: Kellogg Richard M.
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Potassium Amides and Phosphides
Authors: Venturello P. , Barbero M.
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Hsp90 as a Target for Drug Development
Authors: Chaudhury Subhabrata , Welch Timothy R. , Blagg Brian S. J.
Published: March 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Renal diagnosis of chronic hemodialysis patients with urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Chung‐Hsin , Yang Cheng‐Ming , Yang An‐Hang
Published: March 2007

BACKGROUND.

Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most common malignancy in dialysis patients of Taiwan. The reason for such a high incidence of TCC is undetermined. The correlation between the underlying renal disease and the development of TCC was investigated.

METHODS.

The authors retrospectively reviewed the clinical data and outcome of 1537 chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients from 1993 to 2002. The incidence of TCC was computed. The Cox regression method was used to analyze the role of potential risk factors.

RESULTS.

After a mean dialysis duration of 46.5 months, 26 (1.69%) patients with TCC were diagnosed. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of TCC was 48.2 as compared with the general population and the SIR of TCC seemed higher in women (65.1) and in the age group 50 to 54 years (173.6). Of them, most cases showed no definite etiology. All these cases showed bilateral contracted kidneys. Nonnephrotic proteinuria was found in all cases and trace glucosuria was found in 17 (65%). Painless gross hematuria was the cardinal symptom and distant metastasis was rare. Also, TCC in upper urinary tracts were common and found in 14 (54%) of patients. Age at the time of dialysis, female sex, compound analgesic use, and Chinese herb use had statistical significance as risk factors (P < .05).

CONCLUSIONS.

Chronic HD patients have a high risk of TCC in Taiwan, especially in female and middle‐aged patients. The study indicated that chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis (CTIN) is the most likely underlying renal disease in HD patients with TCC, a high percentage of the CTIN related to the usage of Chinese herbs or compound analgesics may contribute to the development of TCC, whereas diabetes or chronic glomerulonephritis play only a minor role. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Mesoporous Pt–SiO2 and Pt–SiO2–Ta2O5 Catalysts Prepared Using Pt Colloids as Templates
Authors: Pârvulescu Vasile I. , Pârvulescu Viorica , Endruschat Uwe , Granger Pascal , Richards Ryan
Published: February 2007

Sol‐gel synthesis of silica and silica–tantalum oxide embedded platinum nanoparticles is carried out using Pt colloids as templates. These colloids are prepared by reduction with Na[AlEt3H] and stabilized with different ligands (ammonium halide derivatives, non‐ionic surfactants with polyether chains, and 2‐hydroxy‐propionic acid). The aim of the present study is to prepare mesoporous silica embedded Pt colloids combining the “precursor concept” with the model of catalyst preparation using preformed spheres. Nanoparticles of Pt incorporated in high surface area mesoporous materials are formed after calcination. Further, it is observed that calcination of these catalysts causes partial aggregation and oxidation of the parent colloids, a process that is largely dependent on the nature of the stabilizing ligands. Several methods have been used for characterization of these materials: adsorption‐desorption isotherms at 77 K, H2 chemisorption, X‐ray diffraction(XRD), 29Si and 13C magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR, ammonia diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (NH3‐DRIFT), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is found that both metal oxide systems exhibit Brønsted acidity (weaker for silica and quite strong for silica–tantalum oxide). In addition, NH3‐DRIFT experiments demonstrate the oxidative properties of the surface. Part of the adsorbed NH4+ species is oxidized to N2O. Testing these catalysts in the reduction of NO and NO2 with isopentane under lean conditions indicate that the activity of these catalysts is indeed dependent on the size of the platinum particles, with those of size 8–10 nm demonstrating the best results. The support likely contributes to this effect, particularly after Ta incorporation into silica.
ICAM‐1 expression on conjunctival epithelial cells in patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Mrugacz Malgorzata , Zak Janusz , Bakunowicz‐Lazarczyk Alina , Wysocka Jolanta , Kaczmarski Maciej
Published: February 2007

Background:

Cystic fibrosis is one of the most common lethal genetic conditions. The defect is due to mutations in a gene on chromosome 7, named the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR), which functions as a chloride channel in epithelial membranes It is presumed that the disease affects all secretory epithelia including the eye. The objective of this study is to investigate the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) by conjunctival epithelial cells of patients with cystic fibrosis and the correlation between of the expression of ICAM‐1 and the grade of cystic fibrosis severity.

Methods:

Impression cytology specimens were collected in 24 patients with cystic fibrosis. Cells were processed for flow cytometry, by using monoclonal antibodies to ICAM‐1.

Results:

A significant increase of ICAM‐1 expression on epithelial cells was found in patients with cystic fibrosis when compared with normal eyes. A positive correlation between the ICAM‐1 expression and severe clinical status of CF patients was also observed.

Conclusions:

Our findings suggest that the inflammation appears to have a role in the pathogenesis of the ocular surface changes in patients with cystic fibrosis. ICAM‐1 expression on conjunctival epithelial cells may be a marker of the inflammatory status in cystic fibrosis patients. The method described here reveal good repeatability and reliability for the analysis of the inflammatory markers on conjunctival epithelial cells and can be a useful tool in evaluating of the ocular findings and treatment interventions in patients with cystic fibrosis. © 2007 Clinical Cytometry Society.
Comparative analysis between CFSE flow cytometric and tritiated thymidine incorporation tests for beryllium sensitivity
Authors: Milovanova Tatyana N.
Published: February 2007

Background:

In this study, we evaluated alternative possibility for CFSE beryllium flow cytometric test against beryllium blood lymphocyte proliferation test (BeLPT) as a standard radioactive clinical screening method to identify sensitization to beryllium.

Methods:

Delta PD (the ratio of divided cell population to the total number of cells with subtracted counts of unstimulated cells) of specific beryllium‐induced pathogenic CD3+CD4+ T‐lymphocytes and stimulation index (SI) in CFSE proliferation test was compared with delta counts per minute (mean test CPM minus mean control CPM) and SI in radioactive blood BeLPT.

Results:

Comparison analysis of CFSE and BeLPT demonstrated excellent agreement between delta PD and delta CPM (κ = 0.845, P << 0.0001). We determined 6.8% positive subjects in the beryllium‐exposed, Be‐LPT‐negative group. The decreased mean difference of these indexes to percentage of average and the long tail in the plot reflects increased sensitivity. CFSE/CD4+ T‐cell proliferation assay has 100% specificity, significantly higher sensitivity and efficiency than BeLPT.

Conclusions:

Both delta PD, measured by the precursor frequencies method in CFSE assay and delta CPM, defined by tritiated thymidine in BeLPT, can be used for the enumeration of beryllium specific CD4+ T‐cell proliferation and may substantially improve the quality of the early diagnosis of beryllium hypersensitivity. © 2007 Clinical Cytometry Society.
L‐type calcium channels mediate acetylcholine receptor aggregation on cultured muscle
Authors: Milholland Rebecca B.R. , Dulla Christopher , Gordon Herman
Published: March 2007

Agrin activation of muscle specific kinase (MuSK) initiates postsynaptic development on skeletal muscle that includes the aggregation of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs; Glass et al. [1996]: Cell 85: 513–523; Gautam et al. [1996]: Cell 85: 525–535). Although the agrin/MuSK signaling pathway remains largely unknown, changes in intracellular calcium levels are required for agrin‐induced AChR aggregation (Megeath and Fallon [1998]: J Neurosci 18: 672–678). Here, we show that L‐type calcium channels (L‐CaChs) are required for full agrin‐induced aggregation of AChRs and sufficient to induce agrin‐independent AChR aggregation. Blockade of L‐CaChs in muscle cultures inhibited agrin‐induced AChR aggregation but not tyrosine phosphorylation of MuSK or AChR β subunits. Activation of L‐CaChs in the absence of agrin induced AChR aggregation but not tyrosine phosphorylation of MuSK or AChR β subunits. Agrin responsiveness was significantly reduced in primary muscle cultures from the muscular dysgenesis mouse, a natural mutant, which does not express the L‐CaCh. Our results establish a novel role for L‐CaChs as important sources of the intracellular calcium necessary for the aggregation of AChRs. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007.
Attentional bias in eating disorders
Authors: Shafran Roz , Lee Michelle , Cooper Zafra , Palmer Robert L. , Fairburn Christopher G.
Published: March 2007

Objective:

To examine the relationship between eating disorders and attentional biases.

Method:

The first study comprised 23 female patients with clinical eating disorders, women with high levels ofanxiety (n = 19), and three female normal control groups comprising low (n = 31), moderate (n = 21), or high levels of shape concern (n = 23). The second study comprised 82 women with clinical eating disorders and 44 healthy controls. All participants completed measures of eating disorder psychopathology and completed a modified pictorial dot‐probe task.

Results:

In the first study, biases were found for negative eating and neutral weight pictures, and for positive eating pictures in women with eating disorders; these biases were greater than those found in anxious and normal controls. The second study replicated these findings and biases were also found for negative and neutral shape stimuli.

Conclusion:

It is concluded that future research should establish whether such biases warrant specific therapeutic interventions. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2007
Sustainable consumption and resource management in the light of life cycle thinking
Authors: Mont Oksana , Bleischwitz Raimund
Published: February 2007

Approaches to address unsustainable ways of societal development constantly proliferate, but total consumption of resources and aggregate environmental impacts continue rising. This could partially be explained by weak attempts to develop comprehensive sustainability strategies that address the entire life cycle of products and especially resource extraction and use phases. This paper seeks to explore to what extent these life cycle stages and associated impacts are taken into account when various actors employ life cycle thinking and how these concerns can be better attended to in policy‐making, business strategies and lifestyle choices. To accomplish this, we evaluate the efforts of the main stakeholders in reaching sustainable consumption and sustainable resource management, and impediments to further progress, and study whether and how deficits in these phases coincide and can potentially contribute to more holistic practical realization of life cycle thinking. We demonstrate that new approaches are needed to be able to tackle the international dimension of production and consumption. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Thymus‐derived lymphocytes: their distribution and role in the development of peripheral lymphoid tissues of the mouse
Authors: Raff M. C. , Owen J. J. T.
Published: February 2007

Using the theta (Θ) alloantigen of mice as a marker of thymus‐derived cells, we have studied the distribution of these lymphocytes in adult and developing lymphoid tissues of CBA and Balb/c mice. In adult mice, lymphoid tissues can be arranged in the following order according to the approximate proportions of Θ‐bearing (thymus‐derived) lymphocytes they contain: thymus (100%), thoracic duct lymphocytes (80–85%), blood lymphocytes (70%), lymph nodes (65–70%), spleen (30–35%), peritoneal lymphocytes (30–35%) and Peyer's patches (20–25%).

Results obtained in newborn mice show that the development of peripheral lymphoid tissues is largely dependent on the inflow (and possibly the proliferation) of thymus‐derived lymphocytes.

The presence of Θ‐bearing lymphocytes in developing Peyer's patches indicates that lymphoid differentiation in these organs is, in part at least, thymus‐dependent.
The preparation and efficacy of purified antilymphocyte antibody and the effect of labeling this material with125I
Authors: Anderson H. R. , Dresser D. W.
Published: February 2007

Antilymphocyte antibody prepared by elution from glutaraldehyde fixed thymocytes is cytotoxic and prolongs the life of allogeneic skin grafts in mice. Radioactively labeled antibody is slightly more effective in prolonging skin grafts than the unlabeled material.
A tentative new model for the organization of the mouse H‐2 histocompatibility system: Two segregant series of antigens
Authors: Thorsby E.
Published: February 2007

Based on serological and genetic evidence from the HL‐A system, a tentative new H‐2 model of two segregant series of antigens is suggested. It is proposed that each H‐2 allele from the two series determines only one antigen and that the other H‐2 specificities associated with each allele are caused by crossreacting antibodies. The new model amplifies the homology between the H‐2 and HL‐A systems.
Tobacco mosaic virus specific immunoglobulins from horse serum. II. Structural specificity and association constants
Authors: Anderer F. A. , Koch M. A. , Hirschle Solveig D.
Published: February 2007

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)‐specific IgG and IgG(T) isolated from a horse were found to contain mainly antibodies with conformational specificity. The amount of antibodies with sequential specificity for the C‐terminal amino acid sequence of the TMV protein subunit must be less than 1 × 10−4 of total antibody activity. The binding properties of both specific immunoglobulins were investigated. No heterogeneity of the association constants for either IgG or IgG(T) could be detected.
Cellular and subcellular study of the in vitro immune response
Authors: Panijel J. , Delamette Françoise , Leneveu Micheline
Published: February 2007

A culture system using dissociated spleen cell suspensions and phage Φ X174 as antigen has been described.

In this system, a cell suspension, originating either from normal (not intentionally immunized) rabbit or from germ‐free mice may be processed as a responder unit: after first addition of Φ X174, a specific reaction has been obtained which presented the various characteristics of a primary response, with respect to size, kinetics, antigen dose, length of stimulation period and 19 S nature of antibodies; in addition, this in vitro primary response was affected by actinomycin and did not involve any increase in the count of viable cells nor in [3H] thymidine incorporation. Priming of the suspension without concomitant antibody production has been also obtained.

After this primary response, a second addition of Φ X provoked a new reaction which behaved as a secondary response, with respect to various properties, particularly: amount and 7 S nature of the antibodies, insensitivity towards actinomycin, strong enhancement in the number of viable cells and [3H]‐thymidine incorporation.

A true 19 S memory was demonstrated, the expression of which was limited to the early phase of the secondary response.

Besides cellular data, subcellular analysis of the primary response showed a sequence of events similar to those in materials originating from immunized animals, that is to say: early appearance, at the level of perinuclear zone, of antibodies having properties of subunits of IgM, silent period during which neither perinuclear nor microsomal activity could be detected, and, preceding the secretion in the culture medium, appearance of 19 S IgM at the level of microsomes. These results show that the same model for explaining the intra‐cellular course of the in in vivo primary response is also relevant for the in vitro primary response.
Zur Antigenitä von Hapten‐Polysaccharid‐Konjugaten
Authors: Schneider C. H. , Michl J. , de Weck A. L.
Published: February 2007

The immunogenicity of penicilloyl polysaccharides with molecular weights from 5 000 to 400 000 was studied in two guinea pig strains. The conjugates quite regularly induced penicilloyl specific and carrier specific dermal delayed‐type hypersensitivity. On the other hand, circulating antibodies were found only occasionally. In a few animals anaphylactic antibody could be demonstrated but precipitating or hemagglutinating antibodies were found in no instance.

Since penicilloyl polysaccharides are relatively instable, more stable benzyldextran and nitrobenzyldextran conjugates were studied as well. These antigens also induce dermal delayed‐type hypersensitivity. The capacity of the nitrobenzyldextran to induce hapten specific and carrier specific reactions was quite similar to the capacity of penicilloylated polysaccharides.

Penicilloyl polysaccharides are able to elicit penicilloyl specific cutaneous anaphylactic reactions in passively immunized guinea pigs. A relatively highly penicilloylated dextran conjugate exhibited an eliciting potency quite comparable to a highly penicilloylated poly‐L‐lysine.

Haptenic and carrier specificities in sensitisation and the possible tolerogenicity of these antigens are discussed; the question to what extent the immunogenicity of hapten‐polysaccharide conjugates may be regarded as intrinsic is treated in particular.
Interchain disulfide bond formation studied in two mouse myelomas which secrete immunoglobulin A
Authors: Bevan M. J.
Published: February 2007

Synthesis of IgA has been studied in two lines of BALB/c mouse plasma cell tumors which produce different types of IgA.

(1) MOPC 315 plasmacytes in culture secrete four disulfide‐bonded forms of IgA: 7 S, its dimer as the main component and small amounts of trimer and tetramer. Intracellularly IgA is present predominantly as 7 S, the polymers being formed as the molecules are secreted. The disulfide bond(s) linking two H‐chains in a 7 S subunit forms very rapidly after synthesis of the chains. The L‐chains never become covalently associated with the H‐chains, and inside the cell as well as in the extra‐cellular IgA they exist in monomeric form. However, in the absence of an alkylating reagent the L‐chains in association with H‐chains as well as free L‐chains can dimerize extracellularly to form L2.

(2) MOPC 47A secretes only one form of IgA, a disulfide‐bonded half‐molecule, H‐L. The bond between the H‐ and L‐chain is formed very gradually so that inside the cell there are large amounts of non‐covalently associated chains. Small amounts of disulfide‐bonded H2L2 are also present intracellularly, though they are not secreted as such.

The results emphasize the different rates and orders of synthesis of interchain disulfide bonds which occur in different lines of plasmocytomas and which have previously been observed with IgG myeloma proteins.
Functional identity of anaphylatoxin preparations obtained from different species and by different activation procedures. II. Immunological identity
Authors: Vogt W. , Liefländer M. , Stalder K.‐H. , Lufft Elke , Schmidt Gisa
Published: February 2007

Anaphylatoxin (AT) preparations were made from sera of hog, guinea pig, rat, mouse and man activated by contact with yeast. In addition, AT was prepared from hog serum after incubation with the AT forming cobra enzyme.

Antibody against AT was produced in rabbits after injection of yeast activated hog AT and purified by immunoprecipitation. This antibody showed no differences in the double diffusion pattern of the AT preparations mentioned above.

Therefore, it is concluded that all AT preparations are immunologically identical independent of the species from which they have been obtained.
Structural basis for immune recognition of lysozymes. II. Reactive but non‐immunogenic epitopes
Authors: Bonavida B. , Sercarz E.
Published: February 2007

Certain epitopes on protein molecules are reactive with antibody but are not immunogenic. Rabbit antiserum prepared against hen egg‐white lysozyme (HEL) reacted poorly or not at all with peptides LHII (a. a. 13‐105) and LHIII (a. a. 106‐129) derived from the action of CNBr on reduced HEL (HEL (CB)). In sharp contrast, antiserum raised (a) to the derivative HEL (CB) with two peptide chain cleavages at methionines 12 and 105, or (b) to bob‐white lysozyme (BEL), reacted with peptides LHII and LHIII. These peptides were able to compete directly with HEL in a 125I‐HEL‐anti‐HEL(CB) system, or an 125I‐HEL‐anti‐BEL system, but could not inhibit the 125I‐HEL‐anti‐HEL reaction.

The results demonstrate that some epitopes on HEL(CB) or BEL are reactive and immunogenic, while the same or related epitopes on HEL, although reactive with antibodies directed against them, are not immunogenic. Such epitopes are referred to as heterotopes (epitopes definable by their reactivity on a related, heterologous protein). The usage of a chemical derivative of HEL allowed the localization of another heterotope region close to tryptophan 62.

The existence of heterotopes was discussed in terms of current models of cellular cooperation. The view was advaced that the activation of a particular antibody‐producing precursor cell is dependent on a special steric relationship of carrier to haptenic epitopes.
The expression of immunoglobulin determinants on the surface of antigen‐binding lymphoid cells in mice. I. An analysis of light and heavy chain restrictions on individual cells
Authors: Greaves M. F.
Published: February 2007

The expression of immunoglobulin light and heavy chain determinants on the surface of activated mouse spleen cells has been investigated using anti‐immunoglobulin inhibition of antigen‐binding reactions (rosette formation). The results indicate that the majority of binding cells appearing 4 to 7 days after a single injection of sheep erythrocytes have only one light chain type on their surface but simultaneously express more than one class of heavy chain class. As the response proceeds the proportion of heavy chain class “restricted” cells increases. Between days 15 to 30 following antigen injection the majority of binding cells have only one detectable heavy chain class on their surface.

Control studies suggest that the appearance of more than one class of immunoglobulin on the surface of these cells is the result of active synthesis by the same individual cells and is not due to a passive absorption phenomenon.

Experiments with antisera to non‐immunoglobulin surface antigens indicate that the majority of antigen‐binding cells inhibited by class specific sera are non, or minimally secreting B type lymphoid cells.
The expression of immunoglobulin determinants on the surface of antigen‐binding lymphoid cells in mice. II. Allotypes of the lg‐1 locus
Authors: Greaves M. F.
Published: February 2007

Inhibition of rosette‐forming cells by anti‐immunoglobulin sera has been used as a model system to investigate the phenotypic expression of IgG2a allotypes on the surface of mouse spleen cells reactive against sheep erythrocyte antigens.

The evidence presented suggests that reactive cells from mice heterozygous at the Ig‐1 locus may not be restricted to the expression of the product of only one parental allele on their surface. Control studies with mixtures of cells from mice compatible with respect to H‐2 antigens but differing at the Ig‐1 locus suggest that this finding is not the result of a passive absorption phenomenon.

This apparent lack of allellic exclusion was demonstrated with cells harvested during the early part of the response to a primary injection of antigen. Reactive cells later in the immune response appeared to be restricted to the expression of one parental allotype.
Genetics of the immune response. II. Paralysis by phage fd in high and low responding inbred strains of mice
Authors: Kölsch E. , Diller Eva
Published: February 2007

Partial low zone paralysis to phage fd can be induced in mice at a 10−14 M concentration of the coat protein subunit of the phage. It is established more readily in high responding C57BL/6J than in low responding AKR/J mice. The data suggest that the defect causing low responsiveness lies in a structure or function which is needed for both the induction of immunity and paralysis.
Hapten‐carrier relationships in immunological unresponsiveness
Authors: Seppälä I. J. T. , Mäkelä O.
Published: February 2007

Cyclophosphamide‐treated mice received 10 mg of a hapten‐protein conjugate 4‐Hydroxy‐5‐iodo‐3‐nitro‐phenacetyl bovine serum albumin (NIP1.1BSA) over 10 weeks. Three and seven weeks later they were challenged. The responses of the paralyzed mice relative to control mice are given below in a simplified form.

magnified image

We concluded that the paralysis‐treatment had caused unresponsiveness to some antigenic determinants (at least NIP) but priming to others.
Cell proliferation and antibody production in the secondary response in vitro towards a defined hapten
Authors: Tarrab Rebeca , Sulica A. , Haimovich J. , Sela M.
Published: February 2007

Cell proliferation and antibody production in a secondary response in vitro against the 2,4‐dinitrophenyl (DNP) group were followed by thymidine uptake, hemolytic plaque formation and inactivation of DNP‐bacteriophage T4. Thymidine uptake and plaque formation were both dependent on the amount of antigen used for stimulation of cells in vitro, whereas phage inactivation was not. The kinetics of the response as detected by the above three assays revealed that thymidine uptake preceded both plaque formation and antibody production.