bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
53Mn‐53Cr chronology and ε54Cr‐Δ17O genealogy of Erg Chech 002: The oldest andesite in the solar system
Authors: Anand Aryavart , Kruttasch Pascal M. , Mezger Klaus
Published: October 2022

The meteorite Erg Chech (EC) 002 is the oldest felsic igneous rock from the solar system analyzed to date and provides a unique opportunity to study the formation of felsic crusts on differentiated protoplanets immediately after metal–silicate equilibration or core formation. The extinct 53Mn‐53Cr chronometer provides chronological constraints on the formation of EC 002 by applying the isochron approach using chromite, metal–silicate–sulfide, and whole‐rock fractions as well as “leachates” obtained by sequential digestion of a bulk sample. Assuming a chondritic evolution of its parent body, a 53Cr/52Cr model age is also obtained from the chromite fraction. The 53Mn‐53Cr isochron age of 1.73 ± 0.96 Ma (anchored to D'Orbigny angrite) and the chromite model age constrained between and Ma after the formation of calcium‐aluminium‐rich inclusions (CAIs) agree with the 26Al‐26Mg ages (anchored to CAIs) reported in previous studies. This indicates rapid cooling of EC 002 that allowed near‐contemporaneous closure of multiple isotope systems. Additionally, excess in the neutron‐rich 54Cr (nucleosynthetic anomalies) combined with mass‐independent isotope variations of 17O provides genealogical constraints on the accretion region of the EC 002 parent body. The 54Cr and 17O isotope compositions of EC 002 confirm its origin in the “noncarbonaceous” reservoir and overlap with the vestoid material Northwest Africa 12217 and anomalous eucrite Elephant Moraine 92023. This indicates a common feeding zone during accretion in the protoplanetary disk between the source of EC 002 and vestoids. The enigmatic origin of iron meteorites remains still unresolved as EC 002, which is more like a differentiated crust, has an isotope composition that does not match known iron meteorite groups that were once planetesimal cores.
Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals an insight into the candidate genes involved in anthocyanin and scent volatiles biosynthesis in colour changing flowers of Combretum indicum
Authors: Ghissing U. , Kutty N. N. , Bimolata W. , Samanta T. , Mitra A.
Published: October 2022

Combretum indicum is a widely cultivated ornamental species displaying the distinct phenomenon of floral colour change. Flowers display a gradual colour change from white to red, attributed to increased cyanidin 3‐O glucoside in petal tissues. The differently coloured flowers also emanate a complex blend of VOCs with trans‐linalool oxide (furanoid) as the major compound in the emission profile.

To understand molecular mechanisms regulating floral colour shifts and scent biosynthesis, we performed Illumina transcriptome sequencing, including de novo assembly and functional annotation, for the two stages of floral maturation (white and red). Homology analysis with functional classification identified 84 and 42 candidate genes associated with pigment and scent biosynthesis, respectively. Genes encoding transcription factors, such as MYB, ERF, WD40, WRKY, NAC, bHLH and bZIP, that play critical roles in regulating specialized metabolism were also identified in the transcriptome data.

Differences in expression of genes were consistent with accumulation patterns of anthocyanins in the two different flower colours. A clear upregulation of flavonoid biosynthesis genes in red flower tissue is associated with increased pigment content. RT‐qPCR‐based expression analyses gave results consistent with the RNA‐Seq data, suggesting the sequencing data are consistent and reliable.

This study presents the first report of genetic information for C. indicum. Gene sequences generated from RNA‐Seq, along with candidate genes identified by pathway mapping and their expression profiles, provide a valuable resource for subsequent studies towards molecular understanding of specialized metabolism in C. indicum flowers.
Gaining by ceding ‐ bounded wholesale pricing for information sharing in a supply chain
Authors: Li Tian , Zhang Hongtao
Published: October 2022

The extant research on supply chain information sharing under wholesale pricing often assumes a model where the manufacturer can unilaterally set any wholesale price, and the retailer decides retail quantity or price while taking the wholesale price as given. Whereas this model may actually reflect the relative market power in some situations, its implementation misses out on certain win–win opportunities that could arise from information sharing. We propose a new wholesale pricing mechanism that promotes information sharing between a relatively weaker retailer and a more powerful manufacturer such that both parties become better off. The novel feature of the new mechanism is an extra stage of interaction, which happens before the retailer's information sharing decision: at the very outset the manufacturer and the retailer reach a contractual agreement on an upper bound which the wholesale price will not exceed if the retailer shares his information. This new, easily implementable, mechanism can be a win–win for both supply chain firms. In other words, facing market uncertainty, the manufacturer, while having the market power to dictate the wholesale price, can gain from a contractual restriction on the exercise of that power in order to induce the retailer, who is in a weaker position, to share useful demand information.
Oral environment and cerebral blood flow in patients with neurodegenerative dementia: comparison of Alzheimer type dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Inoue Makoto , Kimoto Katsuhiko , Honma Yuta , Tomita Rintaro , Manabe Yuta
Published: October 2022

Background

The number of patients with dementia is increasing worldwide. Modifying risk factors may significantly reduce the prevalence and cost of dementia. The number of remaining teeth, occlusal force, denture use, and periodontal disease status are associated with the risk of developing dementia. The oral environment may be a risk factor for dementia. This study aimed to investigate the association between the oral environment and cerebral blood flow in patients with mild cognitive impairment and dementia (either Alzheimer type dementia (ATD) or dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB)). We aimed to identify differences in the oral environment according to the underlying neurodegenerative disease.

Methods

The participants were 25 patients with ATD and 25 patients with DLB who visited the Department of Dementia and Geriatric Medicine, Kanagawa Dental University Hospital.

Patients were diagnosed with ATD and DLB by well‐trained specialists certified by the Japanese Dementia Society and categorised as Level 3 or 4 by the Functional Assessment Staging of Alzheimer Disease scale. The correlation between oral environment (number of teeth, periodontal tissue, and oral function) and cerebral blood flow in each brain area calculated by single photon emission computed tomography was examined.

Results

The DLB group showed a significant correlation between masticatory performance and cerebral blood flow in some areas, while no such correlation was observed in the ATD group. Significant correlations were found between periodontal pocket depth and bleeding on probing and cerebral blood flow in some areas in both groups, although the correlation was considerable in the ATD group.

Conclusions

The results of this study suggest that the association between changes in the oral environment and cerebral blood flow may differ among patients with ATD and DLB, depending on the underlying causative disease.
Activation through marketisation as a process of ignorancing
Authors: Roche Zach , Griffin Ray
Published: October 2022

This article explores the rationalities and mechanisms of outsourcing public employment service activation casework. We draw on textual and documentary data from minutes of meetings and inspection reports between the Irish Government and two market providers, over 7 years, to better understand how activation through marketisation unfolds in practice. We identify how the outsourcing contract unleashing a process of ignorancing (agnotology), where the Government wilfully and strategically seeks to overwrite existing forms of street‐level bureaucratic knowledge and practice. Our analysis reveals how activation through marketisation unfolds, first as strategic ignorance, then as involuntary ignorance as Government officials and contractors become bound by the contract until finally, the contract generates naturalised ignorance–new caseworkers without the basic knowledge, education, and training to support unemployed people. In this way, we offer a deeper understanding of the administration of activation through marketisation policies.
Use of a physiological profile to document upper limb motor impairment in ageing and in neurological conditions
Authors: Ingram Lewis A. , Butler Annie A. , Lord Stephen R. , Gandevia Simon C.
Published: October 2022

Profiling performance in the physiological domains underpinning upper limb function (such as strength, sensation, coordination) provides insight into an individual's specific impairments. This compliments the traditional medical ‘diagnosis’ model that is currently used in contemporary medicine. From an initial battery of 13 tests in which data were collected across the adult lifespan (n = 367, 20–95 years) and in those with neurological conditions (specifically, multiple sclerosis (n = 40), Parkinson's disease (n = 34), and stroke (n = 50)), six tests were selected to comprise a core upper limb physiological profile assessment (PPA). This comprised measures of handgrip strength, simple reaction time, finger dexterity, tactile sensation, bimanual coordination, and a functional task. Individual performance in each of these tests can be compared to a reference population score (devised from our database of healthy individuals aged under 60 years), informing the researcher or clinician how to best direct an intervention or treatment for the individual based on their specific impairment(s). Lastly, a composite score calculated from the average performance across the six tests provides a broad overview of an individual's overall upper limb function. Collectively, the upper limb PPA highlights specific impairments that are prevalent within distinct pathologies and reveals the magnitude of upper limb motor impairment specific to each condition.

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Spatial Variability of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity in a Karstic Environmental Protection Area
Authors: Valadares Emerson Vinicius , Gonçalves José Augusto Costa , Matos Marina Souza , Fleming Peter Marshall
Published: October 2022

Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) is a fundamental property to understand water and solute dynamics in saturated and unsaturated soils. The objective of this study is to present and assess the results of a statistical analysis of the data obtained from the determination of the permeability of a variety of soils (Argisols, Latosols, Gleysols, and Cambisols) of the Lagoa Santa Karst Environmental Protection Area (State of Minas Gerais, Brazil). Software R version 4.0.4 was used for the statistical analyses. Argisol, Cambisol, and Gleysol samples yielded normal conductivity distributions at depth, with mean values of 1.16 x 10-1 m/d, 6.14 x 10-2 m/d, and 1.95 x 10-3 m/d, respectively. Regarding the log-normal distributed Latosol samples P48 and P52 and Gleysol sample P54sup, it was concluded that probability, respectively of 85.72%, 96.55%, and 47.37%, exists for hydraulic conductivity values between 0.1 x 10-1 m/d and 4 x 10-1 m/d to occur. Studies or criteria to establish Ksat values that should be really representative of the whole study area have not been found. It was preferable to characterize Ksat in terms of levels of probability of occurrence rather than values, such as the mean or median, in order to represent an area that will be subject to the same water flow control operations (irrigation and drainage practices, leaching and erosion control, etc.). Therefore, it is not appropriate to assume a normal distribution of saturated hydraulic conductivity values for areas with the characteristics of Lagoa Santa.
Proposal for Assessment and Inventory of the Landscape as Geoheritage
Authors: Nascimento Stênio Toledo , Castro Paulo De Tarso Amorim
Published: October 2022

Methods for quantitatively assessing geological heritage have been used in a variety of settings and for different purposes, such as environmental impact assessment, inventory of natural heritage, tourism promotion, and conservation unit management. In this sense, there are adaptations to each study in relation to the methodology and the regional context in which the research is developed, and the final objective. This research proposes a methodology for taking inventory with the goal of analyzing the landscape while adhering to the concepts and parameters that allow for the assessment of geoheritage. In addition to reviewing the literature, the Delphi method was used in 2020 email consultations with 76 experts on geoheritage and landscape. It is expected that, when using the proposed inventory, managers will be able to identify places with better scientific possibilities in the use of landscape in relation to geoheritage, which will be useful when reviewing city planning and management planning of conservation units under the scope of geoconservation.
Matching generalised transverse-momentum-dependent distributions onto generalised parton distributions at one loop
Authors: Bertone Valerio
Published: October 2022

The operator definition of generalised transverse momentum-dependent (GTMD) distributions is exploited to compute for the first time the full set of one-loop corrections to the off-forward matching functions. These functions allow one to obtain GTMDs in the perturbative regime in terms of generalised parton distributions (GPDs). In the unpolarised case, non-perturbative corrections can be incorporated using recent determinations of transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) distributions. Evolution effects for GTMDs closely follow those for TMDs and can thus be easily accounted for up to next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy. As a by-product, the relevant one-loop anomalous dimensions are derived, confirming previous results. As a practical application, numerical results for a specific kind of GTMD are presented, highlighting some salient features.
Phenomenology of the companion-axion model: photon couplings
Authors: Chen Zhe , Kobakhidze Archil , O’Hare Ciaran A. J. , Picker Zachary S. C. , Pierobon Giovanni
Published: October 2022

We study the phenomenology of the ‘companion-axion model’ consisting of two coupled QCD axions. The second axion is required to rescue the Peccei–Quinn solution to the strong-CP problem from the effects of colored gravitational instantons. We investigate here the combined phenomenology of axion–axion and axion–photon interactions, recasting present and future single-axion bounds onto the companion-axion parameter space. Most remarkably, we predict that future axion searches with haloscopes and helioscopes may well discover two QCD axions, perhaps even within the same experiment.
Meditation: A Double-Edged Sword—A Case Report of Psychosis Associated with Excessive Unguided Meditation
Authors: Goud Sripathi Santhosh
Published: October 2022

Meditation is gaining a lot of popularity nowadays because of the associated benefits on both mental and physical health. There is ample literature available on the benefits of meditation. However, there are cases of psychosis reported sporadically in individuals who indulge in excessive unguided meditation. Herein, we report a patient who presented with schizophrenia after doing excessive meditation.
Macroscopic Experiments on Coexistence of Autonomous Vehicle Behavior on Various Heterogeneous Traffic Conditions
Authors: Desta Robel , Toth Janos
Published: October 2022

Automated vehicles (AVs) are likely to bring paradigm shift in the future of transportation and in the transformation of urban space as they could reduce traffic accidents, energy consumption, and pollution while also lowering congestion expenses. To provide meaningful insights, there is a substantial need for investigation into the macroscopic evaluation of various evolutions of AVs using several measures of effectiveness. The main focus of this study is to evaluate the macroscopic operational impacts of AVs in terms of their driving logics, automation levels, and roadway type, all of which are adopted based on their passenger car unit (PCU) factors at various penetration rates, in order to assess the coexistence of AVs with heterogeneous traffic. The daily vehicle hours travelled, daily vehicle kilometers travelled, sum of delays on links, speed variation, and sum of vehicle volumes on links are used as measures of effectiveness parameters based on outputs of PTV Visum scenario manager. The results of the various scenario combinations depicted an overall improvement with advancement of driving logics, automation levels, and roadway types for each studied parameter. For instance, for better roadway condition with the motorway scenario and at higher AV penetration, the cautious driving behavior negatively affects the network performance, whereas favorable improvements are observed for the parameters of the normal and aggressive driving behaviors. Decision makers could make use of the insights obtained from the results to further shape the AV deployment aspects and extend the study considering infrastructure AV-readiness along with AV communication systems.
Comparative Investigation on Small-Strain Stiffness Characteristics of Undisturbed and Compacted Highly Weathered Granites at Various Densities
Authors: Wang Juntao , Kong Lingwei , Yan Junbiao , Zhou Zhenhua
Published: October 2022

To investigate the small-strain stiffness characteristics of highly weathered granite (HWG), a resonance column test system was used to conduct resonance column tests on highly weathered granite taken from the Lincang City, Yunnan Province, China. The effects of effective consolidation stress and structural changes is caused by remodeling process and initial dry density on the small-strain stiffness of HWG. Furthermore, the difference between the test data and other geotechnical materials were compared and analyzed. The test results show that the maximum dynamic shear modulus

G

max

of remodeled highly weathered granite samples is greater than that of undisturbed samples once the effective consolidation stress is smaller than 300 kPa, but the opposite result is observed once the effective consolidation stress exceeds 300 kPa, and the phenomenon was also explained from a microscopic perspective based on the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The

G

max

of remodeled highly weathered granite gradually increases with the increase in dry density and effective consolidation stress. At an identical effective consolidation stress, the dynamic shear modulus ratio

G
/

G

max

−
γ

curves of remodeled highly weathered granites at different initial dry densities are nearly consistent. Additionally, according to the test data, the mathematical model of

G

max

for remodeled highly weathered granite considering effective consolidation pressure and initial dry density was established and agrees well with the test results of practical engineering cases. The range of variation in

G
/

G

max

was given by the research results, which were compared with the

G
/

G

max

of weathered granite obtained from the existing research, and the results in this work can provide a valuable reference for analyzing dynamic stability of buildings in the engineering construction of weathered granite sites.
Statins Have an Anti‐Inflammation in CKD Patients: A Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Wang Jianting , Chen Ziwei , Qiu Yuliang , Wu Ling , Wang Huan , Wu Lisheng , Zhao Liangbin , Xie Dengpiao
Published: October 2022

Background. Persistent inflammation has been recognized as an important comorbid condition in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with many complications, mortality, and progression of CKD. Previous studies have not drawn a clear conclusion about the anti‐inflammatory effects of statins in CKD. This meta‐analysis is aimed at assessing the anti‐inflammatory effects of statins therapy in patients with CKD. Methods. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in these databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane library, and clinical trials) to identify the randomized controlled trials that assess the anti‐inflammatory effects of statins. Subgroup, sensitivity, and trim‐and‐fill analysis were conducted to determine the robustness of pooled results of the primary outcome. Results. 25 eligible studies with 7921 participants were included in this meta‐analysis. The present study showed that statins therapy was associated with a decreased C‐reactive protein (CRP) (‐2.06 mg/L; 95% CI: ‐2.85 to ‐1.27, p < 0.01). Subgroup, sensitivity, and trim‐and‐fill analysis showed that the pooled results of CPR were stable. Conclusion. This meta‐analysis demonstrates that statins supplementation has anti‐inflammatory effects in patients with CKD. Statins exert an anti‐inflammatory effect that is clinically important in improving complications, reducing mortality, and slowing progression in CKD. We believe that the benefits of statins to CKD are partly due to their anti‐inflammatory effects. However, stains usually are prescribed in the CKD patients with dyslipidemia, whether statins can reduce inflammation in CKD patients with normal serum lipid needed to explore in the future. Therefore, we suggest that randomized clinical trials need to assess the effect of statins in CKD patients with normal serum lipid. Whether statins can be prescribed for aiming to inhibit inflammation in CKD also needed further study. Trial Registration. The study protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO); registration number: CRD42022310334.
A Descriptive Study of Some of the Dento-Gingival Components of Esthetics of Patients at a Tertiary Care-center in the Eastern Part of Nepal
Authors: Sharma Arati
Published: October 2022

Background. The purpose of this study was to observe and describe some of the dento-gingival components of esthetics like the mean gingival zenith position (GZP) with respect to the vertical bisected midline axis (VBM), relative gingival zenith level (GZL) of lateral incisors (LIs), heights and widths of central incisors (CIs), LIs, and their ratios. Materials and Methods. This cross-sectional, hospital-based, descriptive study was conducted from Feb 2019 to Aug 2019. Ethical clearance was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences. Convenience sampling was done. Variables (above mentioned) were marked and measured on the casts with a calibrated digital vernier caliper and entered in the data sheet, and descriptive analysis was done with SPSS version 20. Results. A total of 210 subjects of the age group 18–25 years were included in the study. Mean GZP of the right CI was 0.49 ± 0.54 mm, of the left CI was 0.42 ± 0.43 mm, of the right LI was 0.20 ± 0.34 mm, of the left LI was 0.04 ± 0.35 mm, of the right C (Canine) was 0.023 ± 0.38 mm, and of left C was 0.07 ± 0.38 mm. Mean relative GZL of LI was about 0.40–0.41 mm below the reference line. Mean height of the right CI was 9.34 ± 0.93 mm, and that of the left CI was 9.31 ± 0.87 mm; that of the right LI was 7.91 ± 0.98 mm, and that of the left LI was 7.92 ± 0.91 mm. Mean width of the right CI was 8.34 ± 0.57 mm, and that of the left CI was 8.38 ± 0.48 mm; that of the right LI was 6.62 ± 0.58 mm, and that of the left LI was 6.66 ± 0.53 mm. Conclusions. Mean GZP of each upper anterior tooth was distally located with respect to VBM; that of CI was more distally placed than LI and C. Relative GZL of LI was below the reference line. The central incisor width/height ratio obtained was >80% that means a squarer tooth.
Remimazolam Requires Less Vasopressor Support during Induction and Maintenance of General Anesthesia in Patients with Severe Aortic Stenosis Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Retrospective Analysis from a Single Center
Authors: Miyoshi Hirotsugu , Watanabe Tomoyuki , Kido Kenshiro , Kamiya Satoshi , Otsuki Sachiko , Narasaki Soshi , Toyota Yukari , Kondo Takashi , Horikawa Yousuke T. , Saeki Noboru , Tsutsumi Yasuo M.
Published: October 2022

Introduction. We compared the hemodynamics during general anesthesia with remimazolam and conventional anesthetics in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS). Methods. This was a retrospective single‐center analysis. We reviewed the records of 42 patients who underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation with a transfemoral artery approach under general anesthesia from January to December 2020. Patients were divided into three groups based on the general anesthetic used for (induction/maintenance) remimazolam/remimazolam (Group R/R), propofol/sevoflurane (Group P/S), and midazolam/propofol (Group M/P). Vasopressor use (ephedrine, phenylephrine, and noradrenaline) was compared among the groups. Results. The number of patients in each group was 15 (Group R/R), 13 (Group P/S), and 14 (Group M/P), with no significant difference in background characteristics and intraoperative vital signs. For anesthesia induction, doses of ephedrine and phenylephrine used were significantly lower in Group R/R (ephedrine [mg]: Group R/R 2 [0–4] vs. Group P/S 8 [8–12], P < 0.001, Group R/R vs. Group M/P 5 [0–15], P = 0.39; phenylephrine (mg): Group R/R 0 [0–0.08] vs. Group P/S 0.15 [0.10–0.20], P = 0.03, Group M/P 0.21 [0.04–0.40], P = 0.08). For anesthesia maintenance, the noradrenaline dose used was low in the Group R/R (noradrenaline [μg/kg/min]: Group R/R 0.019 [0.015–0.039], Group P/S 0.042 [0.035–0.045], P = 0.02, Group M/P 0.048 [0.040–0.059], P < 0.01). Conclusion. In patients with severe AS, induction and maintenance of anesthesia with remimazolam resulted in less overall vasopressor use than conventional general anesthetics.
A Semi-Markov Process Model for Performance Evaluation of DSRC Vehicular Safety Communication
Authors: Hu Lin , Liu Xingyue , Zhou Kun
Published: October 2022

In this study, a new semi-Markov process (SMP)-based model is devised to evaluate the IEEE 802.11p enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) broadcast performance for vehicular safety communication. Differing from the existing SMP analytical models, the proposed model takes the virtual collision among various prioritized access categories (ACs) inside each vehicle into consideration. Moreover, in contrast to the Markov chain-based models, our model is simpler but with approximate accuracy. Concretely, we first capture the behavior of each AC’s backoff entity using SMP. Then, the parameters of interest in the vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) such as packet transmission probability, conditional collision probability, and saturation throughput are derived. Finally, via MATLAB simulations, we demonstrate that the newly developed model achieves comparable accuracy in calculating these output parameters while its complexity and computation time is around one-tenth of that of the Markov chain-based models. Therefore, the proposed model is more suitable for real-time performance analysis of IEEE 802.11p EDCA safety communication in a freeway scenario.
Complications of Extended Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection in Patients Undergoing Minimally Invasive Radical Prostatectomy: Analysis and Risk Factors
Authors: Castro Pedro , Arantes Paulo B. O. , Martins Yves M. R. , Reis Matheus N. M. , Drummond-Lage Ana Paula , Wainstein Alberto J. A.
Published: October 2022

Background. The knowledge of risk factors and complications related to extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) during radical prostatectomy can help selecting patients who will benefit the most with lymph node dissection concomitant to radical prostatectomy. Materials and Methods. Retrospective cohort evaluating 135 patients with PC, with a high risk for lymph node metastasis, submitted to ePLND by a single surgeon between 2013 and 2019, performed either by the laparoscopic or laparoscopic robot-assisted approach. Data related to complications were properly recorded using the Martin’s criteria and were classified by the Satava and Clavien–Dindo–Strasberg methods. Logistic regression was used to determine predictors of complications related to ePLND. Results. The mean number of lymph nodes removed was 10.2 ± 4.9, and in 28.2%, they were positive for metastasis. There were five intraoperative complications (4%), all in patients operated by laparoscopic approach. There were nine severe postoperative complications (7.3%), four of which occurred after postoperative day 30. Three patients (2.4%) had thromboembolic complications and five patients (4.0%) had lymphocele that required treatment. There was a correlation between the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification and postoperative complications (

p
=
0.06

), but it was not possible to identify statistically significant predictors. Conclusion. ePLND during radical prostatectomy has a low rate of intraoperative complications and may change prostate cancer staging. Postoperative complications, especially venous thromboembolism and lymphocele, need to be monitored even in the late postoperative period.
The Coupling Effect of Pore Water Pressure and Pore Water Gravity in Unsaturated Soils under Rainfall Condition and Its Influence on Slope Stability
Authors: Zhao Nenghao , Lu Haijun , Zhang Rongtang
Published: October 2022

In the study of the impact of rainfall on the unsaturated soil slope, the changes of pore water pressure and effective stress are frequently analyzed, while the loading effect caused by the change of pore water content in unsaturated soils is often neglected. In order to realize the coupling effect of the above two, a coupling model involving pore water pressure and pore water gravity was established based on the principle of seepage-stress coupling in unsaturated soils. Through a case verification, the coupling effect of pore water pressure and pore water gravity on the unsaturated soil slope was analyzed from the aspects of effective saturation, pore water pressure, effective stress, displacement, and stability. At the same time, the results were compared with those considering only the pore water pressure. The results show that the slope stability is relatively poor considering the coupling of unsaturated pore water pressure and pore water gravity. Therefore, the gravity effect of pore water in unsaturated soils cannot be neglected when calculating the stability of unsaturated soil slope under rainfall condition.
Energy-Saving Metro Train Timetable Optimization Method Based on a Dynamic Passenger Flow Distribution
Authors: Li Jingshuang , Pan Fuquan , Tang Hailiang , Tong Sen , Zhang Lixia , Li Xinguang , Yang Xiaoxia
Published: October 2022

The operation of metro trains with a focus on energy savings can effectively reduce operating costs and carbon emissions. Reducing traction energy consumption and increasing the utilization efficiency of regenerative braking energy are two important energy-saving approaches that are closely related to the metro train interstation running strategy and timetable. Changes in train mass caused by dynamic changes in passenger flow represent one of the important factors affecting the energy consumption and energy-saving operation of metro trains. In this study, the differences in the temporal and spatial distributions of metro line passenger flow were specifically considered, and an energy-saving metro train timetable optimization method focused on the dissipative regenerative braking energy utilization mode was studied. First, a logistic function is used to fit the passenger flow pattern of the origin-destination (OD) station pairs, and the number of passengers getting on and off at each station is derived by establishing the OD dynamic demand matrix for the entire metro line. Then, the passenger load in each station segment is calculated. Next, a timetable optimization model is established to minimize the net energy consumption based on the load difference between station segments and the train motion equation. The interstation running time and dwell time of the metro train are optimized to increase the amount of regenerative braking energy used during the overlap time between the traction and braking actions of adjacent trains in the train operation timetable. A particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm (PSO-GA) structure is designed to solve the model. The PSO-GA structure has PSO as the main body and integrates the chromosome crossover and mutation operations of the GA into the iterative process to improve the search efficiency of the algorithm. Finally, the proposed method and model are tested based on the actual data of a metro line in Qingdao, China. The goodness of fit of the passenger flow pattern is 0.997. The energy consumption during the study period is reduced by 5169.67 kW h using the optimized timetable. The energy-saving efficiency decreases by 12.18% at a constant OD ratio during the entire travel time and by 20.23% at the same constant load for all station segments. The results of the case analysis prove the effectiveness of the proposed method and model. In addition, the energy-saving timetable can be better optimized by considering the differences in temporal and spatial distributions of dynamic passenger flow.
Helicobacter Pylori Infection Induces Intestinal Dysbiosis That Could Be Related to the Onset of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Francisco Avilés-Jiménez
Published: October 2022

Cardiovascular diseases represent one of the first causes of death around the world, and atherosclerosis is one of the first steps in the development of them. Although these problems occur mainly in elderly, the incidence in younger people is being reported, and an undetermined portion of patients without the classic risk factors develop subclinical atherosclerosis at earlier stages of life. Recently, both the H. pylori infection and the intestinal microbiota have been linked to atherosclerosis. The mechanisms behind those associations are poorly understood, but some of the proposed explanations are (a) the effect of the chronic systemic inflammation induced by H. pylori, (b) a direct action over the endothelial cells by the cytotoxin associated gene A protein, and (c) alterations of the lipid metabolism and endothelial dysfunction induced by H. pylori infection. Regarding the microbiota, several studies show that induction of atherosclerosis is related to high levels of Trimethylamine N‐oxide. In this review, we present the information published about the effects of H. pylori over the intestinal microbiota and their relationship with atherosclerosis and propose a hypothesis to explain the nature of these associations. If H. pylori contributes to atherosclerosis, then interventions for eradication and restoration of the gut microbiota at early stages could represent a way to prevent disease progression.
¿Por qué se hace necesario invertir en Ciberseguridad?
Authors: Escobar Claudio
Published: October 2022

Desde mediados de los años 80, con la aparición de la interfaz gráfica en los computadores personales, se comenzó a masificar el uso de diversas tecnologías en varios aspectos de la vida cotidiana. Esa tendencia ha continuado hasta nuestros días, siendo prácticamente imposible poder encontrar alguna organización, por pequeña que sea, que no emplee algún tipo de sistema o software para registrar información. Nos encontramos pues, en lo que los expertos denominan la cuarta revolución industrial (o industria 4.0), en la cual almacenar, gestionar, analizar y usar información en formato digital es clave para poder ser competitivo. Continuar leyendo...
Resistance to ATR Inhibitors Is Mediated by Loss of the Nonsense-Mediated Decay Factor UPF2
Authors: O'Leary Patrick C. , Chen Huadong , Doruk Yagmur U. , Williamson Tess , Polacco Benjamin , McNeal Andrew S. , Shenoy Tanushree , Kale Nupura , Carnevale Julia , Stevenson Erica , Quigley David A. , Chou Jonathan , Feng Felix Y. , Swaney Danielle L. , Krogan Nevan J. , Kim Minkyu , Diolaiti Morgan E. , Ashworth Alan
Published: October 2022

Over one million cases of gastric cancer are diagnosed each year globally, and the metastatic disease continues to have a poor prognosis. A significant proportion of gastric tumors have defects in the DNA damage response pathway, creating therapeutic opportunities through synthetic lethal approaches. Several small-molecule inhibitors of ATR, a key regulator of the DNA damage response, are now in clinical development as targeted agents for gastric cancer. Here, we performed a large-scale CRISPR interference screen to discover genetic determinants of response and resistance to ATR inhibitors (ATRi) in gastric cancer cells. Among the top hits identified as mediators of ATRi response were UPF2 and other components of the nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) pathway. Loss of UPF2 caused ATRi resistance across multiple gastric cancer cell lines. Global proteomic, phosphoproteomic, and transcriptional profiling experiments revealed that cell-cycle progression and DNA damage responses were altered in UPF2-mutant cells. Further studies demonstrated that UPF2-depleted cells failed to accumulate in G1 following treatment with ATRi. UPF2 loss also reduced transcription–replication collisions, which has previously been associated with ATRi response, thereby suggesting a possible mechanism of resistance. Our results uncover a novel role for NMD factors in modulating response to ATRi in gastric cancer, highlighting a previously unknown mechanism of resistance that may inform the clinical use of these drugs.

Significance:

Loss of NMD proteins promotes resistance to ATR inhibitors in gastric cancer cells, which may provide a combination of therapeutic targets and biomarkers to improve the clinical utility of these drugs.
SMG8/SMG9 Heterodimer Loss Modulates SMG1 Kinase to Drive ATR Inhibitor Resistance
Authors: Llorca-Cardenosa Marta J. , Aronson Lauren I. , Krastev Dragomir B. , Nieminuszczy Jadwiga , Alexander John , Song Feifei , Dylewska Malgorzata , Broderick Ronan , Brough Rachel , Zimmermann Astrid , Zenke Frank T. , Gurel Bora , Riisnaes Ruth , Ferreira Ana , Roumeliotis Theodoros , Choudhary Jyoti , Pettitt Stephen J. , de Bono Johann , Cervantes Andres , Haider Syed , Niedzwiedz Wojciech , Lord Christopher J. , Chong Irene Y.
Published: October 2022

Gastric cancer represents the third leading cause of global cancer mortality and an area of unmet clinical need. Drugs that target the DNA damage response, including ATR inhibitors (ATRi), have been proposed as novel targeted agents in gastric cancer. Here, we sought to evaluate the efficacy of ATRi in preclinical models of gastric cancer and to understand how ATRi resistance might emerge as a means to identify predictors of ATRi response. A positive selection genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen identified candidate regulators of ATRi resistance in gastric cancer. Loss-of-function mutations in either SMG8 or SMG9 caused ATRi resistance by an SMG1-mediated mechanism. Although ATRi still impaired ATR/CHK1 signaling in SMG8/9-defective cells, other characteristic responses to ATRi exposure were not seen, such as changes in ATM/CHK2, γH2AX, phospho-RPA, or 53BP1 status or changes in the proportions of cells in S- or G2–M-phases of the cell cycle. Transcription/replication conflicts (TRC) elicited by ATRi exposure are a likely cause of ATRi sensitivity, and SMG8/9-defective cells exhibited a reduced level of ATRi-induced TRCs, which could contribute to ATRi resistance. These observations suggest ATRi elicits antitumor efficacy in gastric cancer but that drug resistance could emerge via alterations in the SMG8/9/1 pathway.

Significance:

These findings reveal how cancer cells acquire resistance to ATRi and identify pathways that could be targeted to enhance the overall effectiveness of these inhibitors.
Effects of miR-32 on Proliferation, Apoptosis, Invasion and Migration of Osteosarcoma Cells by Targeting PTEN
Authors: Wang Jun , Zhang Yumin , Wen PengFei , Ma Tao , Wang Tao , Song Wei , Zhang BinFei
Published: October 2022

Objective: To observe the impact of miR-32 on the proliferation and apoptosis of osteosarcoma U2OS cell line, and to explore its possible causative roles. Methods: Detection of miR-32 expression in carcinoma tissues and normal adjacent tissues of 44 osteosarcoma patients
was achieved employing QRT-PCR technique. The liposome transfection technique was utilized to knock down the miR-32 of osteosarcoma U2OS cells and determine osteosarcoma cell proliferation, apoptosis migration ae well as invasion. Results: MiR-32 expressions in cancer tissues of osteosarcoma
patients were markedly higher than that of adjacent tissues. Moreover, miR-32 expression further decreased as the clinical stage of the tumor progressed. MiR-32 knockdown could remarkably inhibit the formation of osteosarcoma cell clones, proliferation,migration and invasion level, whereas
promote cancer cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, miR-32 knockdown can noteworthily reduce the level of oxidative stress and autophagy in osteosarcoma cells. Mechanistically, miR-32 can target and inhibit PTEN protein, knocking down miR-32 can activate PTEN/mTOR signaling pathway. In contrast, inhibiting
PTEN protein expression can counteract the antitumor effect caused by miR-32 knockdown. Subcutaneous tumorigenesis experiments further confirmed the anti-osteosarcoma cell growth effect of miR-32. Conclusion: MiR-32 expression is apparently increased in cancer tissues of osteosarcoma
patients. MiR-32 knockdown can suppress the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells and promote their apoptosis by targeting activation of PTEN-mediated mTOR activation.
Hybrid Lipid Nanoparticles Loaded with Doxorubicin for the Therapy of Breast Cancer
Authors: Yang Baolong , Li Xiaoyan , Guo Dongdong , Bian Yan
Published: October 2022

Breast cancer is the leading cause of death in women and its incidence is growing fast worldwide. Due to the poor benefits of doxorubicin (Dox), the first line chemotherapeutic drug for breast cancer treatment, the development of new drug delivery systems (DDSs) for Dox is critical
to improve the breast cancer treatment efficacy. Here in this study, we used a film dispersion method to construct hybrid lipid nanoparticles (HLN) containing different lipids, including biotin conjugated lipid, during which Dox was loaded into the carrier to finally construct Dox loaded HLN
(HLN/Dox) as a potential DDS for targeted breast cancer therapy. Our results showed that HLN/Dox were nanosized formulation with increased accumulation to MCF-7 cells due to biotin modification both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the cellular cytotoxicity as well we in
vivo antitumor assay also showed the promising cancer cell killing and tumor inhibition effects of HLN/Dox, which suggested its potential to be applied in future clinical practice.
Interface Morphology of Bioactive Pit and Fissure Sealants Bonded to Primary and Permanent Teeth
Authors: AlQahtani Abdulelah , Al-Dlaigan Yousef H. , Almahdy Ahmed
Published: October 2022

Background: The sealant–enamel interface is where the fissure sealant meets the tooth structure. The morphology of this site is important in deciding the retention and success rate of sealants. It can be evaluated using two characteristics: the penetration of the sealant
into the enamel structure and the homogeneity of the sealant material itself. Objective: The aim was to compare the interface morphology of bioactive resin-based sealant (Bio-RBS) and resin-based sealant (RBS) bonded to primary and permanent teeth with and without the use of bonding
agents using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Methods: Twenty-four extracted permanent molars and twenty-four primary molars were divided to eight groups and sealed with a Bio-RBS BioCoat™ (Premier®, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA) or with a RBS Clinpro™ (3M ESPE,
Saint Paul, MN, USA) with or without the use of a bonding agent (Prime & Bond NT; Dentsply, Inc., Charlotte, NC, USA). The integrity and penetration of the resin were examined using CLSM. Results: Bonded RBS showed the best interface morphology with 50% of the points having resin
penetration into the enamel with continuous integrity of the resin. In the deepest point of the fissure, 64.6% of samples had no resin penetration into the enamel with structural discontinuities within the resin. Conclusion: The use of RBS showed better interface morphology than Bio-RBS.
The least favorable interface was found at the deepest point of the fissure.
MicroRNA-512-5p Derived from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Suppresses Metastasis of Glioma Cells
Authors: Yang Fan , Cao Jing , Zhou Haiyan , Li Hengzhou , Fan Duojiao , Fan Tao , Sun Peng
Published: October 2022

Exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are enriched in microRNA-512-5p (miR-512-5p) expression and can inhibit glioma cell growth, but the mechanism is not clear. This study assesses how BMSC-miR-512-5p functions in glioma cells to provide evidence for treatment
of glioma. Exosomes were collected from BMSCs to measure miR-512-5p level. Glioma cells SHG-44 were transfected with BMSC-miR-512-5p and KLF15 inhibitor followed by analysis of cell invasion by transwell and scratch assays, LF15 protein expression and the relation between miR-512-5p and KLF15.
miR-512-5p expression in exosomes was higher than glioma cells. Transfection of miR-512-5p derived from BMSCs decreased cell migration and invasion decreased the number of migrated and invaded cells. Combination of miR-512-5p and KLF15 inhibitor further decreased cell migration and invasion.
Furthermore, miR-512-5p was confirmed to target KLF15 gene as show by a decreased luciferase activity. In conclusion, BMSCs secrete exosomes to encapsulate miR-512-5p, which inhibits KLF15 gene expression to exert an inhibitory effect on the invasion and migration of glioma cells.
Analysis the Lateral Tunnel Position of the Bone Graft and Regeneration of Femur by CT Tunnel Localization
Authors: Wang Zhihui , Du Yuanliang , Chang Qiankun , Xie Qiang , Wang Liqing , Xu Cong
Published: October 2022

Objective: To analyze, in a retrospective study, the lateral tunnel position of the graft femur by CT after arthroscopic ACL reconstruction via the anteromedial (AM) approach and the tunnel angle shown on X-ray. Methods and Materials: 60 patients undergoing arthroscopic
ACL reconstruction via AM approach with 4 femoral hamstring tendon grafts were investigated from October 2019 to October 2021. Postoperative orthogonal x-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained, and the position of the femoral tunnel obtained after CT reconstruction was correlated
with the Bernard-Hertel grid. The angle of the resulting femoral tunnel on the orthogonal x-ray was analyzed against the CT tunnel position. Results: In the study, the anterior–posterior orientation was forward (P = 0.001) and the high-low orientation was similar (taken
as 20%, P = 0.066) or slightly higher (taken as 21%, P = 0.025) compared to the AM beam localization in the two-beam reconstruction. Overall, the femoral tunnel angle on non-weight-bearing orthogonal x-ray was negatively correlated with the anterior–posterior (AP) position
of the femoral tunnel centre as shown on CT (P = 0.004, r =−0.368) and positively, but weakly, correlated with the high-low (HL) position (P = 0.049, r = 0.254). Conclusion: Non-weight-bearing orthogonal X-rays only can make approximate predictions
about the distribution of anatomical reconstruction, I.D.E.A.L reconstruction.