bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Labour migration in ASEAN: Indonesian migrant workers in Johor Bahru, Malaysia
Authors: Arisman Arisman , Jaya Ratnawati Kusuma
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to explain and share about labour migration for employment purposes issues from the perspective of a sending and receiving country in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) (Indonesia; sending state and Malaysia; receiving state) on managing the international labour migration between the two countries.

Design/methodology/approach

The research adopting “mixed methods”, mixing of quantitative and qualitative data within a single investigation or sustained programme of inquiry. The activity includes collecting primary data in two countries. Data collection is done by distributing questionnaires to migrant workers in the receiving states and used indepth interview to 10 stakeholders in the sending states.

Findings

The protection of migrant workers in Johor Bahru is still weak. The graph shows that Indonesian migrant workers in Johor mostly have their documents kept by their employer. Fisheries sector has the highest percentage of workers whose documents are retained by the employer. Meanwhile the sector in which the worker mostly do not get a weekly one day off is the domestic worker. Overall, this means that Malaysia has to put more attention on the existing regulation in order to create a more comfortable working environment.

Originality/value

This paper observe three parameters such as working hour, who keep the passport of the Indonesian migrant workers and weekly one day off relate to working condition of Indonesian migrant workers.
Consumer communication when eating out of home: the role of technology
Authors: Bray Jeff , Hartwell Heather , Appleton Katherine , Price Sarah
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Despite growing demand, little product information is available when eating out. Information that is provided is often not well understood leading to a lack of consumer control and acting as a barrier to healthy food choices. The AIDA model which highlights the key stages of effective marketing communication (awareness, interest, desire and action) is applied. Information provided through technological solutions is examined to provide clear guidance on future use.

Design/methodology/approach

Exploratory qualitative methods through four focused group discussions allowed consumers views to be probed in-depth and key themes to emerge through thematic analysis.

Findings

In addition to the four key elements of the AIDA model, accessibility and relevance are found to be key constructs relevant to food information provision. Accessibility highlights the need for quick and clear data display, while relevance stresses how salient information is key to each consumer. Technological solutions may offer the most responsive, effective and trusted way to provide enhanced information.

Practical implications

With increasing consumer demand for clear information, a competitive advantage can be gained through the provision of personalised enhanced dish information when eating out. Findings from this study highlight consumers’ desire for online (app or website-based) platforms.

Social implications

The provision of enhanced food information when eating out has clear public health implications and may influence choice leading to a reduction in non-communicable disease.

Originality/value

This study evaluates consumers’ perceptions to the provision of enhanced food information out of home providing novel insights and guidance for both managerial and societal impact.
Do linking social, human and financial capital matter for the labour force in Lao PDR? The relationship between occupational well-being and life satisfaction
Authors: Daovisan Hanvedes , Chamaratana Thanapauge
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The labour force is the cornerstone of the economy of Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). Labour market growth seems to be vigorously increased by using labourers' capital to foster work-related employees’ well-being, through enhancing their life satisfaction. This study examines whether linking social, human and financial capital are important for the labour force in Lao PDR and whether there is a positive relationship between occupational well-being and life satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors tested the hypotheses using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Using a systematic sampling approach, the study employed structured interviews; data were collected from 1,037 members of the labour force, between 2017 and 2019.

Findings

The structural model indicated that linking social and human capital and occupational well-being were significantly positively related to life satisfaction. However, the present study found that financial capital was non-significantly related to life satisfaction. The substantive and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

Originality/value

This is the first research study to investigate the relationship between occupational well-being and life satisfaction using a Laotian sample.
Measuring event experience and its behavioral consequences in the context of a sports mega-event
Authors: Sorrentino Annarita , Fu Xiaoxiao , Romano Rosaria , Quintano Michele , Risitano Marcello
Published: August 2020

Purpose

This study aims to analyze the impact of event experience on event satisfaction and intentions to return and recommend the destination.

Design/methodology/approach

Relationships among constructs were tested on data gathered from 542 tourists during the America's Cup World Series held in South Italy in April 2013 by using a structural equation modeling approach. Moreover, a multigroup analysis was developed to test the possible moderator factors.

Findings

The results revealed that event experience and event satisfaction had positive impacts on the intentions to recommend and return to the host destination. Moreover, nationality, gender and trip motivation emerged as important moderating factors in the relationships among the latent constructs.

Research limitations/implications

The findings of this paper enrich the existing literature and help tourism destination marketers and managers consider the triggering factors of a satisfying mega-sports event for the host destination and the marketing power of the on-site experience.

Practical implications

Practitioners should draw on the insights provided by this study to design destination strategies, particularly by paying attention to how an event experience causes an attendee to return to and recommend the host destination.

Originality/value

This study enriches the existing event literature in several ways. First, it emphasizes the importance of the event experience to the satisfaction level and willingness to return and recommend the host destination for a vacation, supporting the link between an event and its destination. Second, it provides a moderating analysis that offers new insights for marketing the event experience. It offers a multilevel model of mega-event tourism legacy, which opens up new avenues of research. Third, complementing the consumer-based analysis, this research includes the trend of visits (after 2013 to the present) to examine how a mega-sport event has brought about more postevent visits.
Pro-socially motivated interaction for knowledge integration in crowd-based open innovation
Authors: Sun Yao , Tuertscher Philipp , Majchrzak Ann , Malhotra Arvind
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study how the online temporary crowd shares knowledge in a way that fosters the integration of their diverse knowledge. Having the crowd integrate its knowledge to offer solution-ideas to ill-structured problems posed by organizations is one of the desired outcomes of crowd-based open innovation because, by integrating others’ knowledge, the ideas are more likely to consider the many divergent issues related to solving the ill-structured problem. Unfortunately, the diversity of knowledge content offered by heterogeneous specialists in the online temporary crowd makes integration difficult, and the lean social context of the crowd makes extensive dialogue to resolve integration issues impractical. The authors address this issue by exploring theoretically how the manner in which interaction is organically conducted during open innovation challenges enables the generation of integrative ideas. The authors hypothesize that, as online crowds organically share knowledge based upon successful pro-socially motivated interaction, they become more productive in generating integrative ideas.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a multilevel mixed-effects model, this paper analyzed 2,244 posts embedded in 747 threads with 214 integrative ideas taken from 10 open innovation challenges.

Findings

Integrative ideas were more likely to occur after pro-socially motivated interactions.

Research limitations/implications

Ideas that integrate knowledge about the variety of issues that relate to solving an ill-structured problem are desired outcomes of crowd-based open innovation challenges. Given that members of the crowd in open innovation challenges rarely engage in dialogue, a new theory is needed to explain why integrative ideas emerge at all. The authors’ adaptation of pro-social motivation interaction theory helps to provide such a theoretical explanation. Practitioners of crowd-based open innovation should endeavor to implement systems that encourage the crowd members to maintain a high level of activeness in pro-socially motivated interaction to ensure that their knowledge is integrated as solutions are generated.

Originality/value

The present study extends the crowd-based open innovation literature by identifying new forms of social interaction that foster more integrated ideas from the crowd, suggesting the mitigating role of pro-socially motivated interaction in the negative relationship between knowledge diversity and knowledge integration. This study fills in the research gap in knowledge management research describing a need for conceptual frameworks explaining how to manage the increasing complexity of knowledge in the context of crowd-based collaboration for innovation.
Third-country nationals as intercultural boundary spanners in multinational corporations
Authors: Barmeyer Christoph , Stein Volker , Eberhardt Jenny Marie
Published: August 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the central roles, functions and competences of third-country nationals (TCNs) in intercultural boundary spanning in multinational corporations (MNCs): Why are TCNs particularly important for reducing complexity at the overlapping functional, geographic and external boundaries of MNCs with their related interferences and which role do they play as boundary spanners in cross-boundary collaboration?

Design/methodology/approach

After introducing the theoretical background on boundary spanning and TCNs, the methodology applied in this paper is a theory-driven, qualitative approach based on 13 in-depth semi-structured interviews with TNCs conducted in 10 MNCs.

Findings

The authors aggregate TCNs’ activities into four roles: disembedded cosmopolitan, intermediary, third party and team-related boundary spanner. They show that TCNs tend to understand the complex intercultural context between headquarters and subsidiaries, balance power asymmetries, use their in-between neutrality to create trust, and act in an interculturally highly competent way by using a great variety of intercultural and linguistic skills. The TCNs’ meta-competence permits a higher level, intellectual and abstract perspective, enabling TCNs to consider structures, objects and interactions from an affective distance.

Research limitations/implications

The differences between TCNs and “regular” expatriates or other interface managers are examined and methodological limitations as well as research implications are critically discussed. MNCs can intentionally assign TCNs with their related competence profiles when expecting boundary-spanning tasks.

Originality/value

This paper is one of the few published that undergirds the TCN concept with empirical data and illustrates the suitability of specific role-takers such as TCNs for some complex challenges in international and intercultural management settings.
Impact of employee's political skill on abusive supervision: does gender matter?
Authors: Rizvi Fizza , Azam Akbar
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to investigate if employees possessing good political skill face less abusive behavior from their supervisors. Moreover, the gender of the subordinate has been tested as a moderator between political skill and abusive supervision. Cultural and social factors prevailing in the research settings of Pakistan provide an ideal situation to test the relationship between political skill and abusive supervision.

Design/methodology/approach

The data were collected from 178 employees representing different sectors of Pakistani industry. To test the relationship between political skill and abusive supervision, simple linear regression was run and moderation was tested using PROCESS macro.

Findings

From the analysis, the major findings prove that political skill lessens abusive supervision. Moreover, due to the cultural settings, male subordinates use political skill more proficiently to avoid abusive supervision as compared to female subordinates.

Practical implications

The study suggests that in order to maintain harmony in the work environment, employees must learn political skill to avoid abusive supervision. Moreover, females must be given more chances to utilize their political skill to get positive outcomes.

Originality/value

This study fills up a significant gap in the literature, as there is scarce literature available that investigates the relationship between political skill and abusive supervision, specifically in Pakistan.
Exploring the Impact of the Digital Health Drug Repository in Ontario
Authors: Soobiah C. , Phung M. , Tadrous M. , Bhatia S. , Jamieson T. , Desveaux L.
Published: August 2020

Central repositories of drug‐related information have the potential to reduce adverse events and inappropriate prescribing by enabling clinicians to access relevant details at the point of care. In 2016, the Ontario Ministry of Health developed the Digital Health Drug Repository (DHDR) to support clinicians in developing a best possible medication history (BPMH). We conducted a formative evaluation of the DHDR to understand (1) the perceived clinical value DHDR; and (2) the barriers and enablers to adoption and meaningful use.

A multimethod approach including semistructured interviews and an online clinician survey. Interview data were thematically analyzed, and survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Clinicians included physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and allied health providers who were eligible to use the DHDR (irrespective of use).

Thirty‐three interviews were conducted. Most participants were female (60%, n = 20), worked in acute care settings (46%, n = 15), and self‐reported using the DHDR > 4 times (78%, n = 26). Participants were satisfied with the DHDR as source of secondary information, but the absence of specific data such as medication instructions and prescribed medications that were not dispensed limited its utility. Poor integration with point‐of‐care systems further limited potential, with no perceived impact on the development of a BPMH. Of the 167 survey participants, the majority were female (82%, n = 137) and worked in acute care settings (58%, n = 90). Only 24% (n = 40) were actively using DHDR. DHDR users were neutral in their perceptions of the utility of DHDR (mean scores ranged 4.11‐4.76 on a 7‐point adjectival scale). Of the 76% (n = 127) who were not using the DHDR, many found access to medication information very important (mean scores ranged 6.22‐5.97). Reasons for not using DHDR included cumbersome process to gain access to DHDR and the perception that the repository was incomplete.

Findings from this evaluation suggest that there is potential untapped value if a digital centralized medication repository is operationalized to align with clinician needs. Specifically, (1) integration with point‐of‐care systems; (2) comprehensive clinical data; and (3) quick and streamlined onboarding processes would facilitate meaningful use.

Digital drug repositories can be a valuable tool for clinicians when determining a BPMH for a patient. Access to comprehensive medication information across the health care system can improve efficiency and reduce medical errors. These applied insights can inform the operationalization and implementation of system‐wide strategies to improve their uptake and impact.

Ontario Ministry of Health Canada.
Out‐of‐State Childbirths Disproportionately Increased Among Racial and Ethnic Minorities Since the Implementation of the Tennessee Fetal Assault Law
Authors: Choi S. , Leslie D.
Published: August 2020

Research Objective

The Tennessee Fetal Assault Law (TFAL), which allowed for the prosecution of women who used narcotic drugs during pregnancy, was enacted in 2014 to reduce the incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome in Tennessee (TN). We analyzed the association of the law’s implementation with out‐of‐state childbirths among racial and ethnic minorities in TN.

Study Design

Using the National Vital Statistics System’s Natality Data from January 2009 to June 2016, we used multivariate logistic regression models to evaluate the probability of having out‐of‐state versus in‐state childbirths among Medicaid beneficiaries from TN compared to beneficiaries from bordering states. We employed a difference‐in‐differences approach, exploiting the change in law implementation over time (first difference) in Tennessee relative to neighboring states (second difference) and tested whether racial and ethnic minorities in TN were disproportionately affected by the TFAL.

Population Studied

Our sample included all live hospital‐born singleton infants of Medicaid beneficiaries aged 18‐44 years in TN and its bordering states including Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, and Virginia.

Principal Findings

We identified 1 655 256 eligible births in our study, with 284 620 born in TN and the remaining 1 370 636 born in TN’s bordering states from January 2009 to June 2016. Empirical analyses showed that implementation of the TFAL was significantly associated with higher rates of out‐of‐state childbirths among TN residents and the association was higher among racial and ethnic minorities. Since the TFAL implementation, the odds of delivering out‐of‐state among non‐Hispanic whites increased by 2.5 times (OR: 2.52; 95% CI: 1.34, 4.74). During the same period, however, the odds of delivering out‐of‐state among Hispanics and African Americans increased by 3.4 times (OR: 3.36; 95% CI: 1.35, 8.37) and 7 times (OR: 7.03; 95% CI: 3.02, 16.33), respectively.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that prosecution of narcotic drug use during pregnancy can discourage in‐state delivery among Medicaid beneficiaries, and racial/ethnic minorities are more likely to deliver out‐of‐state compared with non‐Hispanic whites.

Implications for Policy or Practice

Although the TFAL was discontinued in 2016, the number of states with punitive policies for drug use during pregnancy has increased from one in 1974 to 23 in 2020. Despite good intentions, the results of this study suggest that fetal assault laws may have the unintended consequence of increasing risk to both the mother and the fetus by deterring pregnant women among racial/ethnic minorities who use illicit drugs from giving birth in‐state.
How Do Caregivers of Children with Congenital Heart Disease Navigate the Health Care System in Ethiopia?
Authors: Choi S. , Park J. , Shin H. , Heo J. , Kim W.‐H.
Published: August 2020

Research Objective

Global surgery is becoming an increasingly important global health agenda. Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of mortality around the world, and congenital heart disease is the leading cause of morbidity in children. This study aimed to investigate and illustrate the caregivers’ experiences of accessing the health care system and undergoing pediatric cardiac surgery for children with congenital heart disease (CHD).

Study Design

A qualitative study was conducted. Interviews were conducted in December 2019 in Amharic, then translated into English using trained local interpreters. Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed according to the principles of interpretive thematic analysis, informed by the candidacy framework, using NVivo. The candidacy framework explores the access to health care utilization by seven elements: candidacy, navigation, the permeability of services, appearances at health services, adjudications, offers and resistance, and operating conditions and the local production of candidacy.

Population Studied

Interviews were conducted with 13 caregivers of 10 patients with congenital heart disease that received cardiac surgery during the week of the interview.

Principal Findings

The following three themes emerged from the interviews: (a) Recognition of CHD mostly took place at birth, but for those born at home, they found out much later (max 14 years); (b) CHD was misdiagnosed multiple times prior to seeking care at a large hospital; and (c) patients were waiting for the surgery for more than a year, (d) being scheduled for surgery induced both anxiety and hopefulness. In the discussion, caregivers had financial difficulties and struggled in a fragmented delivery system and experienced poor service quality such as the inaccuracy of diagnosis while navigating the Ethiopian health care system.

Conclusions

Major care‐seeking delays were related to the inefficient and complex health care system, largely due to lack of early CHD recognition and financial hardships. Financial protection is low despite the availability of fee waivers for medications. Low education attainment and distance to hospitals are contributing to this challenge.

Implications for Policy or Practice

Overall, Ethiopia needs to prioritize policies that protect the financial status of low‐income households that need health care services. Along with increasing health care workforce capacity for pediatric cardiac surgeries in Ethiopia, there is a need to strengthen the district‐level screening capacity to facilitate earlier diagnosis at easily accessible health care settings.

Primary Funding Source

Search Results Web results Korea International Cooperation Agency.
Using Implementation Science to Understand Rwanda's Success in Dropping Under‐5 Mortality
Authors: Hirschhorn L. , Sayinzoga F. , Donahoe K. , Beyer C. , Binagwaho A.
Published: August 2020

Research Objective

To understand how and why Rwanda implemented Evidence‐Based interventions (EBIs) faster than similar countries to reduce amenable U5 mortality (U5M) and contextual factors which facilitated or hindered success.

Study Design

Explanatory mixed methods study using an implementation research (IR) framework adapted from existing frameworks (Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment expanded include Adaptation (EPAIS), and Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research) to guide literature and document review, and key informant interviews with health care managers and leaders, implementers and policy makers.

Population Studied

Not applicable.

Principal Findings

Rwanda effectively used a 5‐step process to determine the need for and strategies to implement EBIs to address leading causes of death (Table). Critical strategies included rapid uptake of emerging EBIs, stakeholder engagement, donor, and partner coordination based on national plan, data use for decision making, including research when needed, and integrating into and building on existing systems and primary care. Facilitating contextual factors included leadership commitment to health and primary care, existing community health worker program, culture of data use and accountability, donor and partner resources, and national equity agenda. Rwanda was able to implement (feasibility) with high coverage (reach) key EBis including vaccinations, facility delivery, and PMTCT with high acceptability. U5M dropped by 74 percent, from 196 deaths per 1000 live births in 2000 to 50 deaths per 1000 live births in 2015.

Conclusions

Through strategic and stepwise process, Rwanda was able to achieve rapid and broad implementation of life‐saving interventions to reduce U5M. The lesson learned offer transferable knowledge to help other countries accelerate U5M reduction.

Implications for Policy or Practice

Using IR adapted to the study aims is effective in emerging generalizable lessons and knowledge needed for other countries to more effectively implement EBIs and reduce U5M.

Primary Funding Source

BMGF and Gates Ventures.
MEASURING SAFETY, QUALITY, AND VALUE
Authors: O'Malley A. , Rich E. , Shang L. , Niedzwiecki M. , Rose T. , Ghosh A. , Peikes D. , Poznyak D.
Published: August 2020

Research Objective

More comprehensive primary care is associated with lower costs and better outcomes for patients. Several primary care interventions under the ACA target practice site level redesign. Thus, it is helpful to have measures to assess whether the comprehensiveness of the practice site is associated with beneficiary outcomes. Building on prior work developing and validating primary care physician‐level measures of comprehensiveness, we developed two practice‐level measures of primary care comprehensiveness and tested their associations with beneficiary outcomes.

Study Design

Lagged analysis of claims‐based outcomes for Medicare FFS beneficiaries during a year to practice‐level comprehensiveness measures in the previous year. Data are from 2013‐2014 from the evaluation of the Comprehensive Primary Care Initiative. The practice‐level measures assessed, across all primary care physicians in a practice site, the extent to which the physicians in the practice were involved in care for their patients’ conditions (IPC = involved in patient conditions) and managed their patients’ new problems (NPM = new problem management). Regression models controlled for beneficiary, practice, and market characteristics.

Population Studied

1,343 primary care practices where 5,336 physicians cared for over 1 million Medicare fee‐for‐service beneficiaries.

Principal Findings

The two measures varied across primary care practices and captured different aspects of comprehensiveness, as intended. Comparing practices in the 75th versus 25th percentile for each of these measures of comprehensiveness, practices where physicians had greater involvement in patient conditions (IPC) had 2.3% lower Medicare expenditures (P = .03), and 1.7% lower ED visit rates per 1000 beneficiaries (P = .08). Practices where physicians demonstrated greater new problem management (NPM) had 1.6% lower Medicare expenditures (P = .04), 1.8%, lower hospitalization rates per 1000 beneficiaries (P = .03), 2.6% lower overall ED visit rates (P = .00), and 2.6% lower ED outpatient visit rates (P = .01).

Conclusions

These measures demonstrate strong content and predictive validity and reliability. Medicare beneficiaries in primary care practices where physicians deliver more comprehensive care had slightly lower Medicare expenditures, and lower rates of hospitalizations, ED visits, and ED outpatient visits.

Implications for Policy or Practice

These new measures may be useful indicators of 2 aspects of practice‐level comprehensiveness (involvement in patient conditions and new problem management) for studies that target the practice as the unit of change. Additional research should focus on the robustness of these findings for the full Medicare population as well as for other populations. Future research to test interventions to promote primary care comprehensiveness may also be useful.

Primary Funding Source

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.
Should High‐Frequency Hospital Users be Excluded from 30‐Day Readmission Quality Measures?
Authors: Fouayzi H. , Ash A.
Published: August 2020

Research Objective

To describe the characteristics of high‐frequency hospital users (with 4 or more hospital visits per year) and to assess the impact of their inclusion or exclusion on 30‐day hospital readmission.

Study Design

We assigned MassHealth members to 17 accountable care organizations (ACOs) and 2 other groups (managed care organization or primary care clinician plan). We then compared demographics, morbidity burden, and social determinant of health factors for high‐frequency hospital users and low‐frequency users. We also evaluated the extent to which including or excluding hospitalizations of high‐frequency users from a 30‐day readmission measure changes its rate and variance.

Population Studied

Managed care eligible MassHealth members between 18 and 64 of age with at least one acute hospitalization during 2016.

Principal Findings

Of the 42,794 eligible members, only 8.7% were high‐frequency hospital users, contributing 30.2% of all hospital visits. High‐frequency hospital users have many medical morbidities and significant psychiatric, substance abuse, and housing problems. Their readmission rate was 50.7% compared to 9.7% for other patients, and they contributed 72.0% of the total variance in 30‐day readmission.

Conclusions

Despite their small numbers, high‐frequency hospital users exert a large influence on 30‐readmission rates.

Implications for Policy or Practice

Thirty‐day readmission is being extended to ACOs as a quality measure. ACOs that disproportionately serve many high‐frequency hospital users may face unfair penalties for high readmission rates.

Primary Funding Source

The study was funded by the State of Massachusetts.
Differential mutational profiles of familial Mediterranean fever in North Africa
Authors: Ait‐Idir Djouher , Djerdjouri Bahia
Published: August 2020

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a recessive autoinflammatory disease, mainly occurring in the eastern Mediterranean. In these populations, the five FMF founder mutations are differently distributed. In Algeria, the FMF‐causing variants remain poorly explored. This retrospective study aims to report the mutational profile of Algerian FMF patients and to compare it with North African FMF patients. One hundred eighty‐three unrelated patients clinically suspected of FMF were recruited from various Algerian hospitals (2007–2015) and tested for mutations in exon 10 of MEFV gene. Molecular analysis identified 144 mutant alleles among 87 of 183 patients (47.5%). p.M694I was the most prevalent pathogenic allele, accounting for 63.2% of mutant alleles, followed by p.M694V and p.M680I occurring with a same frequency (14.5%). Others, p.A744S (6.2%) and p.I692del (1.3%), are less frequent. Interestingly, p.M694I was the most recurrent in patients with renal AA‐amyloidosis. Our results provide the first genetic data on FMF in Algeria, demonstrating the predominance of p.M694I and the absence of p.V726A, compared to other North African countries (Morocco, Tunisia, and Egypt). In conclusion, North African FMF patients display differential mutational profiles that may result from the difference in ethnic origin and the genetic heterogeneity among these populations.
“The Garbage of Society”: Disposable Women and the Socio‐Spatial Scripts of Femicide in Guatemala
Authors: Fuentes Lorena
Published: August 2020

This paper explores the processes of meaning‐making around femicide in Guatemala, highlighting how particular bodies and spaces are pre‐figured as “disposable” through racialised and gendered imaginaries. I draw upon Butlerian epistemologies of violence and indigenous and feminist scholarship from Guatemala and the Americas to analyse why femicides are scripted differently for victims who emerge in “public” spatial formations. Grounded in analysis of the main national newspaper’s reporting and the state’s regulatory framework around violence, and supplemented with interviews and ethnographic observations that emerged in the context of a high‐profile “private” femicide, I argue that “public” victims are read relationally against two subjects who—through reactivated historical scripts of violence—help communicate public victims’ disposability. This paper contributes a rich account of the socio‐spatial logics informing how bodies matter in Guatemala; more broadly, it emphasises the productive work of states and powerful institutions like media in reinforcing hierarchies between victims of femicide.
Beehive fences as a sustainable local solution to human‐elephant conflict in Thailand
Authors: van de Water Antoinette , King Lucy E. , Arkajak Rachaya , Arkajak Jirachai , van Doormaal Nick , Ceccarelli Viviana , Sluiter Liesbeth , Doornwaard Suzan M. , Praet Vera , Owen David , Matteson Kevin
Published: August 2020

As human‐elephant conflict (HEC) increases, a better understanding of the human dimensions of these conflicts and non‐violent mitigation methods are needed to foster long‐term coexistence. In this study, we conducted household questionnaires (n = 296) to assess the prevalence of HEC and attitudes towards elephants in four rural villages in Thailand. In addition, we evaluated a pilot beehive fence as a sustainable solution for HEC. The majority of the households reported seeing or hearing elephants near their property at least once a week (84.9%) and experienced negative impacts from elephants in the last 5 years, (81.0%). The beehive fence deterred 88.4% of individual elephants (n = 155) and 64.3% of elephant groups (n = 28) that approached the fence. Most elephants (70.7%) exhibited behaviors suggesting heightened attentiveness or alarm. The farm owner reported economic and social benefits of the beehive fence. By contributing to farmer income and reducing crop damage caused by wild elephants, beehive fencing may provide an important locally‐managed complement to regional HEC mitigation methods.
Overcoming the Egyptian cotton crisis in the interwar period: the role of irrigation, drainage, new seeds, and access to credit†
Authors: Panza Laura , Karakoç Ulaş
Published: August 2020

After experiencing a period of spectacular growth during the late nineteenth century, the Egyptian cotton sector underwent a phase of stagnation, which was followed by a gradual and steady increase in output during the interwar period. Drawing on a new panel dataset at the province–year level, this article explores the determinants of the upturn in cotton output, running a horserace between credit, seed technology, and infrastructure. In order to address endogeneity concerns, an instrumental variable approach is adopted, using a modified version of Bartik's shift‐share instrumental variable. Our results provide supporting evidence that peasants switched to a lower‐yielding cotton variety as a response to changes in relative price. Moreover, our production function estimates show that two key factors had a positive impact on output growth: credit availability and the adoption of new cotton varieties.
Barriers and benefits of model development for integration of palliative care for cancer patients in a developing country: A qualitative study
Authors: Ndiok Akon , Ncama Busisiwe
Published: August 2020

Aim

The aim of the study was to identify barriers and benefits in establishing a model for integration of palliative care of cancer patients in daily clinical practice in tertiary health institutions.

Methods

This was a qualitative design study using in‐depth interviews with four stakeholders and focus group discussions with 19 nurse managers using purposive sampling to select the participants, utilizing interpretive paradigm method. Need was ascertained for a model that would guide nursing care for cancer patients.

Results

Barriers identified in relation to integrating palliative care in daily clinical practice included lack of hospital policies about palliative care activities, cultural influences, denial or rejection of diagnosis by patients, inappropriate attitude of health care workers, patients failing to keep check‐up appointments and financial implications of setting up a dedicated palliative care team. Benefits of the model were twofold: hospital outcomes and patients/family outcomes.

Conclusions

Quality care for cancer patients/families calls for the adoption of clearly set out principles of palliative care as an integral component of daily practice. Challenges to implementation of palliative care services in hospitals can be overcome by establishing workable policies and allocating adequate funds for palliative care activities.
Private Equity: Accomplishments and Challenges
Authors: Brown Greg , Harris Bob , Jenkinson Tim , Kaplan Steve , Robinson David
Published: August 2020

The authors provide an overview of the main accomplishments of private equity since the emergence of leveraged buyouts in the 1980s, and of the challenges now facing the industry—challenges that have been encountered before during three major growth waves and two full boom‐and‐bust cycles. In so doing, the authors review a large and growing body of academic studies responding to questions like these:

(1) How have PE buyout companies performed relative to their public counterparts? And to the extent there have been improvements in operating performance and productivity gains, how have such gains been achieved? What role have PE firms played in this process?

(2) Especially in light of the large fees and profit shares paid to the PE firms, or GPs, and the significant “control” premiums over market paid to the selling companies, how have the returns to the LPs that provide the bulk of the funding for PE funds compared to the returns earned by the shareholders of comparable public companies?

(3) Apart from the high fees earned by its GPs, why is PE so controversial? Beyond their effects on productivity and benefits for investors, what are the employment and other social effects of buyouts and PE?

(4) What are the prospects for future PE returns to their LPs, especially in light of the volume of capital commitments and high purchase multiples that were being paid, at least until the onset of the COVID pandemic? And what role, if any, should PE activity be expected to play in the recovery from the pandemic?
Diseases with health disparities as drivers of COVID‐19 outcome
Authors: Moore John T. , Pilkington William , Kumar Deepak
Published: August 2020

The COVID‐19 pandemic has forced our society to come face to face with complex issues that were once theoretical but are now being played out in real time. As data from the pandemic accumulates, it is clear that COVID‐19 is impacting some parts of society more than others. Unfortunately, there is an almost complete overlap between COVID‐19 risk factors and conditions that are already represented as health disparities, such as hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, lung disease and immune disorders. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological pathways that link these diseases to COVID‐19 outcome. An increased awareness of the factors underlying this issue, both societal and medical, is needed to understand the long‐term implications and possible solutions needed going forward.
E6 hijacks KDM5C/lnc_000231/miR‐497‐5p/CCNE1 axis to promote cervical cancer progression
Authors: Zhang Yan , Li Xing , Zhang Jun , Mao Lin
Published: August 2020

Emerging evidence suggests that long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) plays an important role in disease development, particularly in cancers. Recent studies with genome‐wide sequencing on cervical squamous cell carcinoma and matched adjacent non‐tumour tissues showed that a newly identified lncRNA‐lnc_000231 was highly expressed in cervical cancers. However, the underlying mechanism through which it is activated and its role in cervical cancer progression is still unclear. In this study, first, we confirmed that lnc_000231 is up‐regulated in cervical cancer cells and tumour tissues. Mechanically, we demonstrated that E6 up‐regulates lnc_000231 expression through promoting its promoter region H3K4me3 modification by destabilizing KDM5C. In vitro and in vivo results showed that lnc_000231 promotes cervical cancer cell proliferation and tumour formation by acting as miR‐497‐5p sponge and maintaining cyclin E1 (CCNE1) expression. Thus, our studies identified a new signalling pathway through which E6 promotes cervical cancer progression. E6 hijacked KDM5C/lnc_000231/miR‐497‐5p/CCNE1 signalling pathway is a promising target for cervical cancer treatment in the future.
Hijacking Europe: Counter‐European Strategies and Radical Right Mainstreaming during the Humanitarian Crisis Debate 2015–16*
Authors: Pytlas Bartek
Published: August 2020

Radical right European contestation is analyzed mainly as claims denouncing European integration. Less focus is put on narratives suggesting how a supposed ‘truly European’ political process should be and work. This paper explores how radical right actors use such counter‐European claims within their competition strategies. Computer‐assisted qualitative analysis of communication by Front National, Alternative for Germany and Fidesz during the humanitarian crisis debate 2015–16 demonstrates that radical right counter‐Europeanism constitutes a nuanced tactical resource deployed to normalize nativist supply in the name of Europe. Unlike Eurorejectionist FN, Fidesz and AfD redefined Europe in nativist terms, attempting to draw legitimacy from association with European identity and cooperation. Concurrently, both actors justified Euronativism not only as antithetical to current EU values and political principles, but mainly as their more fundamental practice juxtaposed against ‘not (truly) European elites’, effectively ‘hijacking’ Europe from within. The findings deepen our understanding of radical right Europe‐contesting competition strategies.
Ethnicity and Parental Discipline Practices: A Cross‐National Comparison
Authors: Silveira Florencia , Shafer Kevin , Dufur Mikaela J. , Roberson Maia
Published: August 2020

Objective

Examine whether the relationship between ethnicity and parental discipline practices is consistent across contexts.

Background

Harsh discipline has been linked to negative child behaviors and adolescent outcomes. In examining harsh discipline, scholars have observed ethnic differences.

Methods

We use the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study‐Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS‐K) for the United States and the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) for the United Kingdom. The samples include parents of children aged 7–11 years old (ECLS‐K N = 13,008, MCS N = 11,113). Using logistic regression, we model the associations between parental ethnicity and five disciplinary strategies (spanking, yelling, sending to timeout, discussing, and withdrawing privileges).

Results

Black parents in the United States were more likely to use harsh physical discipline, whereas all ethnic minorities in the United Kingdom exhibited higher odds of using harsh physical discipline than did White parents. By contrast, Hispanic parents and parents from a general Other ethnic category were less likely to use harsh verbal discipline in the United States than White parents are, and Black and Asian parents were less likely than White parents to use harsh verbal discipline in the United Kingdom. White parents were more likely than other ethnic groups to use timeout across countries. Black and Asian parents were less likely to discuss with children in the United Kingdom; compared to White and Asian parents in the United States had lower odds of using discussion as discipline, but Hispanic parents had higher odds.

Conclusions

Ethnic minority parents are likely resorting to harsh physical parenting practices to socialize their children into conforming to social norms that may protect them from negative repercussions in society.
Influence of CASP9 c.‐1339A>G and CASP3 c.‐1191A>G variants in outcome of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Carvalho Bruna Fernandes , Costa Ericka Francislaine Dias , Lopes‐Aguiar Leisa , Liutti Vitor Teixeira , Leal Frederico , Vasconcelos Vivian Castro Antunes , Rinck‐Junior José Augusto , Lourenço Gustavo Jacob , Lima Carmen Silvia Passos
Published: August 2020

Background

Abnormalities in the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, associated with single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in caspase (CASP) genes, alter head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) proliferation and progression. This prospective study aimed to evaluate whether CASP9 c.‐1339A>G and CASP3

c.‐1191A>G SNVs influence the outcome of patients with HNSCC. Two hundred sixty‐two HNSCC patients were enrolled in the study.

Methods

DNA and RNA of peripheral blood samples were analyzed using real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for genotyping and quantitative PCR method for gene expression, respectively. Differences in CASP3 expressions were analyzed using the Mann‐Whitney test. Event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated using the Kaplan‐Meier curves, log‐rank test, and Cox analyses.

Results

CASP3 c.‐1191AG or GG genotype was associated with higher CASP3 expression when compared with AA genotype (0.50 arbitrary units (AUs) ± 0.29 standard deviation (SD) vs 0.28 AUs ± 0.12 SD; P = .02). Patients with CASP9 c.‐1339GG genotype had 1.54 more chance of presenting disease progression or relapse than patients with CASP9 c.‐1339AA or AG genotype. Patients with CASP9 c.‐1339GG and CASP3 c.‐1191GG combined genotype had 2.64 more chance of presenting progression or relapse of the disease and 2.84 more chance of evolving to death than those with the remaining combined genotypes.

Conclusions

Our findings provide, for the first time, preliminary evidence that inherited abnormalities in the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, related to CASP9 c.‐1339A>G and CASP3 c.‐1191A>G SNVs, act as predictors of HNSCC patients' survival.
Social meaning in semantics and pragmatics
Authors: Beltrama Andrea
Published: August 2020

The termsocial meaningidentifies the constellation of traits that linguistic forms convey about the social identity of their users—for example, their demographics, personality and ideological orientation. A central topic of research in sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology, this category of meaning has traditionally escaped the scope of semantics and pragmatics; only in recent years have scholars begun to combine formal, experimental and computational methods to incorporate the investigation of this type of content into the study of meaning in linguistics. This article reviews recent work within this area, focusing on two domain of investigation: endeavors aimed at investigating how semantic and social meanings mutually inform one another; and endeavors directed at capturing both the communication and inference of social meanings with the tools of formal semantics and pragmatics.
Specimen‐driven intraoperative assessment of resection margins should be standard of care for oral cancer patients
Authors: Aaboubout Yassine , ten Hove Ivo , Smits Roeland W. H. , Hardillo Jose A. , Puppels Gerwin J. , Koljenovic Senada
Published: August 2020

With an incidence of 350.000 new cases per year, cancer of the oral cavity ranks among the 10 most common solid organ cancers. Most of these cancers are squamous cell carcinomas. Five‐year survival is about 50%. It has been shown that clear resection margins (>5 mm healthy tissue surrounding the resected tumor) have a significant positive effect on locoregional control and survival. It is not uncommon that the resection margins of oral tumors are inadequate. However, when providing the surgeon with intraoperative feedback on the resection margin status, it is expected that obtaining adequate resection margins is improved. In this respect, it has been shown that specimen‐driven intraoperative assessment of resection margins is superior to defect‐driven intraoperative assessment of resection margins. In this concise report, it is described how a specimen‐driven approach can increase the rate of adequate resections of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma as well as that it is discussed how intraoperative assessment can be further improved with regard to the surgical treatment of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.