bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In the Absence of YAP, TAZ Contributes to Hepatocyte Adaptation in Chronic Cholestasis in Females
Authors: Molina Laura M. , Gabdulkhakova Adelya , Zhu Junjie , Liu Silvia , Poddar Minakshi , Singh Sucha , Ma Xiaochao , Singhi Aatur , Ko Sungjin , Monga Satdarshan P.
Published: May 2022

We previously demonstrated that loss of Yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1) in early liver development (YAP1 KO) leads to an Alagille syndrome‐like phenotype with absence of intrahepatic bile ducts and severe cholestasis accompanied by chronic hepatocyte adaptations to reduce liver injury. We noticed that TAZ, a paralog of YAP1, was significantly upregulated in hepatocytes of YAP1 KO mice and bound to TEAD transcription factors, suggesting compensatory activity in hepatocytes.

We next queried the relationship between YAP1 and TAZ by deleting both genes during early liver development using the Foxa3‐Cre promoter, similar to the YAP1 KO mice, resulting in multiple allele combinations. Interestingly, we show that YAP1/TAZ double knock‐out (DKO) mice are embryonic lethal and stillborn, the embryos surviving almost until birth with no grossly visible abnormalities. The liver morphology during development does not show gross abnormalities, suggesting an extrahepatic source of lethality. This suggests that while YAP1 loss has profound impact on biliary development, YAP1 and TAZ together play a co‐dependent critical role in foregut endoderm development yet to be determined.

Next, when we examined TAZ heterozygosity in YAP1 KO mice, we found significant embryonic lethality among males, with insufficient samples to analyze a potential cause at this time. However, among females, loss of one copy of TAZ from YAP1 KO mice resulted in a similar gross phenotype to YAP1 KO, with a complete lack of intrahepatic bile ducts resulting in severe chronic cholestatic disease. While serum bilirubin levels were comparable after TAZ heterozygosity, liver transaminases were more elevated than in YAP1 KO alone, suggesting worsening hepatocyte injury. Hepatocyte proliferation levels were not affected by TAZ heterozygosity. Global gene expression patterns as detected by RNA‐sequencing were grossly similar as compared to YAP1 KO mice, although subtle alterations were identified in pathways related to apoptosis, cell division, inflammatory signaling, and metabolism, and we also show that TAZ is needed to regulate canonical YAP1 targets in YAP1 KO hepatocytes such as CTGF and CYR61. We also found significant elevation in serum cholesterol compared to YAP1 KO alone, and xanthomas were observed at later stages on these mice, suggesting worsening metabolic derangements caused by TAZ heterozygosity beyond what was observed in YAP1 KO alone. Interestingly, bile acid profiles in both liver and serum as detected by mass spectrometry showed no difference in YAP1 KO with or without TAZ heterozygosity. Ongoing work aims to further identify the role of TAZ in metabolic adaptations to chronic cholestasis with potential implications for clinical regulation of hypercholesterolemia and long‐term liver metabolic health.
Differential Extracellular Matrix Proteomic Signatures in Malignant and Benign Polyps from Appalachian Region Colon Cancer Patients
Authors: Sougiannis Alexander T. , Zambrzycki Stephen , Cauley Gavin , Allison Derek B. , Lee Eun Y. , Sun Ramon C. , Angel Peggi M.
Published: May 2022

Emerging evidence suggests that extracellular matrix behavior may influence the prognosis and response to treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). The differences in collagen structure were investigated as a predictive model of tumor stage and population differences in the American Appalachian population. Tissue microarrays (TMAs) comprising of matched benign and malignant tissue from 45 patients were constructed into 86 samples to evaluate extracellular matrix structure. 5 specific peaks were discovered to differ between benign and malignant polyps (p<0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated high sensitivity and specificity of these peaks to predict polyp malignancy. A total of 17 peptide features showed high predictive power between malignant early‐stage (Stage I+II) and late‐stage (Stage III+IV) polyps (Area: >0.7, 95% CI: 0.7014‐0.7696, p=1.000x10−15). Analysis of late‐stage malignant polyps showed the same 17 peptide features were significantly increased in patients from the Appalachian region of the United States vs Non‐Appalachian residents. Interestingly, there was a significant predictive power to detect morbidly obese patients compared to normal BMI (Area: >0.7, 95% CI: 0.7068‐0.7840, p=1.000x10−15) and overweight BMI (Area: >0.7, 95% CI: 0.6588‐0.7439, p=2.800x10−14). This present study highlights the potential for utilizing TMA as a method for detecting with high predictive power the changes in extracellular matrix behavior related to colorectal cancer disease burden. We believe this method can be used to assess overall tumor prognosis and further detect between population differences which might improve diagnostic and prognostic outcomes in certain at‐risk populations.
Human CD99L2 Regulates a Step in TEM Independent of PECAM and CD99 Regulated Steps
Authors: Rutledge Nakisha S. , Ogungbe Faith T. , Watson Richard L. , Sullivan David P. , Muller William A.
Published: May 2022

CD99‐like 2 (CD99L2; L2) is a highly glycosylated 52 kDa type‐1 membrane protein that is important for leukocyte transendothelial migration (TEM) in mice. Inhibiting L2 using function blocking antibody or genetic ablation significantly reduces the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of inflammation in vivo. Similarly, endothelial L2 knockout mice have an inherent defect in leukocyte transmigration into sites of inflammation, but not the preceding steps in inflammation. The position of neutrophil arrest suggests L2 regulates a step in TEM independent of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM). However, the role of L2 in inflammation has only been studied in mice and the mechanism by which it regulates TEM is not known.

In order to study the relevance to human inflammation, we studied the role of L2 on primary human cells in vitro. Using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry, our data show that human L2 is constitutively expressed at the borders of endothelial cells and on the surfaces of leukocytes. Inhibiting L2 using antibody blockade, L2‐Fc chimera decoy molecules, or genetic knockdown in endothelial cells significantly reduced transmigration of human neutrophils and monocytes across endothelial cells. Furthermore, our data also show that L2 regulates a specific, sequential step of TEM between PECAM and CD99, rather than operating in parallel or redundantly with these molecules. Similar to PECAM and CD99, L2 promotes transmigration by recruiting the lateral border recycling compartment (LBRC) to sites of TEM, specifically downstream of PECAM initiation. Collectively, our data identify a novel functional role for human L2 in TEM and elucidate a mechanism that is distinct from PECAM and CD99.
Fever and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome After Wide Resection of Pediatric Bone Sarcomas
Authors: Gallaway Kathryn E. , Atadja Louise A. , Callan Alexandra K.
Published: May 2022

Background:

While postoperative fever is common and thought to be physiological, data is limited in pediatric patients with bone sarcomas. Understanding the predictive value of postoperative fever and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in this population is essential to guide further workup and avoid delays in adjuvant therapy. The aim of this study is to characterize the prevalence of postoperative fever and SIRS in pediatric patients undergoing wide resection of bone sarcomas and to determine whether these signs are associated with wound or infectious complications.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review of cases performed by a single surgeon between January 2018 and December 2020 was performed.

Results:

Twenty-two patients were identified. All patients had pathology-confirmed diagnoses of osteosarcoma (77.3%) or Ewing sarcoma (22.7%). Before discharge, 68.2% developed a fever >38°C and 90.9% met SIRS criteria. The rate of wound and infectious complications during the first 6 weeks after surgery was 27.3%. The positive predictive values (PPV) of fever and SIRS were low at 26.7% and 31.0% respectively. No association between complications and fever [dds ratio (OR): 0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.12-6.72] or SIRS (OR: 2.24, 95% CI: 0.78-46.14) was identified. High fever >39°C had a better PPV of 50.0%. However, the association between high fever and complications did not reach significance (OR: 6.00, 95% CI: 0.78-46.14). Age, tumor size, days from chemo to surgery, duration of surgery, estimated blood loss, number of packed red blood cells units transfused, and length of stay were not associated with the development of postoperative fever or complications.

Conclusion:

Pediatric patients undergoing wide resection of bone sarcomas frequently mount a robust SIRS response after surgery. However, fever and SIRS are both poor predictors of infection and wound complications. Patients with postoperative fever or SIRS should not undergo an extensive infectious workup unless there are clear signs or symptoms to suggest an infectious etiology.

Level of Evidence:

Level II—prognostic retrospective study.
The Impact of Students Studying Abroad on the Subsequent Career of the Professional Nurse
Authors: Johanson Linda , Priode Kimberly
Published: May 2022

A study abroad course adds to the academic experience of nursing students by offering exposure to other cultures, service opportunities, and an introduction to international healthcare systems. The purpose of this study was to explore the perceived impact of a student study abroad experience on the subsequent career of the professional nurse. The phenomenological qualitative study approach revealed three themes: changed personal perspectives in practice, appreciation and service orientation, and insights on the healthcare system. Nurses reported that the study abroad experience helped to shape their views as professional nurses.
An Ounce of Prediction is Worth a Pound of Cure: Risk Calculators in Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Oleck Nicholas C. , Biswas Sonali , Shammas Ronnie L. , Naga Hani I. , Phillips Brett T.
Published: May 2022

Background:

Preoperative risk calculators provide individualized risk assessment and stratification for surgical patients. Recently, several general surgery–derived models have been applied to the plastic surgery patient population, and several plastic surgery–specific calculators have been developed. In this scoping review, the authors aimed to identify and critically appraise risk calculators implemented in postmastectomy breast reconstruction.

Methods:

A systematic review of the literature was conducted. Included studies described the development of a novel risk calculator, or validation of an existing calculator, in postmastectomy breast reconstruction.

Results:

In total, 4641 studies met criteria for title and abstract screening. Forty-seven were eligible for full-text review, and 28 met final inclusion criteria. The most common risk calculators included the Breast Reconstruction Risk Assessment score (n = 6 studies), modified frailty index (n = 3), Caprini score (n = 3), and ACS NSQIP calculator (n = 2). Calculators were applied to institutional data (n = 17), NSQIP (n = 6), and Tracking Outcomes in Plastic Surgery (n = 1) databases. Predicted outcomes included general postoperative complications (n = 17), venous thromboembolism/pulmonary embolism (n = 4), infection (n = 2), and patient reported outcomes (n = 2). Model accuracy was reported in 18 studies, and it varied significantly (accurate risk calculator 0.49–0.85).

Conclusions:

This is the first study to provide a systematic review of available risk calculators for breast reconstruction. Models vary significantly in their statistical basis, predicted outcomes, and overall accuracy. Risk calculators are valuable tools that may aid in individualized risk assessments, preoperative counseling, and expectation management in breast reconstruction.
An Integrated Neuroimaging Approach to Inform Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Targeting in Visual Hallucinations
Authors: Raymond Nicolas , Reinhart Robert M. G. , Keshavan Matcheri , Lizano Paulo
Published: May 2022

For decades, noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS), such as transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), has been used to directly modulate human brain mechanisms of visual perception, setting the groundwork for the development of novel circuit-based therapies. While the field of NIBS has grown considerably over recent years, few studies have used these technologies to treat visual hallucinations (VH). Here, we review the NIBS-VH literature and find mixed results due to shortcomings that may potentially be addressed with a unique multimodal neuroimaging–NIBS approach. We highlight methodological advances in NIBS research that have provided researchers with more precise anatomical measurements that may improve our ability to influence brain activity. Specifically, we propose a methodology that combines neuroimaging advances, clinical neuroscience developments such as the identification of brain regions causally involved in VH, and personalized NIBS approaches that improve anatomical targeting. This methodology may enable us to reconcile existing discrepancies in tES-VH research and pave the way for more effective, VH-specific protocols for treating a number of neuropsychiatric disorders with VH as a core symptom.
Primary Extradural Ectopic Orbital Meningioma in a Child
Authors: Tynan Dominique , Ng Jessica , Hardy Thomas G.
Published: May 2022

The authors describe a rare case of primary extradural ectopic meningioma of the orbit in a 13-year-old female managed with surgical excision, adding to the very limited literature of this diagnosis in children. This is the second case to show a radiological abnormality in the gyrus rectus and olfactory bulb; however, in our case, there was no radiological evidence of connection seen.
The effect of Epstein–Barr virus viremia on the progression to severe COVID-19
Authors: Im Jae Hyoung , Nahm Chung Hyun , Je Young Soo , Lee Jin-Soo , Baek Ji Hyeon , Kwon Hea Yoon , Chung Moon-Hyun , Jang Ji-Hun , Kim Jung Soo , Lim Jun Hyeok , Park Mi Hwa
Published: May 2022

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is frequently reactivated by coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), and a high incidence of EBV viremia has been reported in patients with severe COVID-19. However, the impact of EBV viremia on progression to severe COVID-19 is unclear. Therefore, we conducted a study to evaluate the effect of EBV on COVID-19 progression.

We investigated EBV viremia at the time of admission in COVID-19 patients hospitalized between February 1, 2020, and April 11, 2021. A cross-sectional study was performed to compare the severity of COVID-19 according to the presence or absence of EBV viremia. However, since it is difficult to analyze the influence of EBV viremia on COVID-19 progression with cross-sectional studies, a retrospective cohort study, limited to patients with mild COVID-19, was additionally conducted to observe progression to severe COVID-19 according to the presence or absence of EBV viremia.

Two hundred sixty-nine COVID-19 patients were tested for EBV viremia. In a cross-sectional study that included patients with both mild and severe COVID-19, the EBV viremia group had more severe pneumonia than the EBV-negative group. However, in the cohort study limited to mild cases (N = 213), EBV viremia was not associated with COVID-19 progression.

COVID-19 severity may affect EBV viremia; however, there was no evidence that EBV viremia was a factor in exacerbating pneumonia in patients with mild COVID-19.
Etiological Surveillance of Male Urethritis Syndrome in South Africa: 2019 to 2020
Authors: Kularatne Ranmini , Maseko Venessa , Mahlangu Precious , Muller Etienne , Kufa Tendesayi
Published: May 2022

Background

In South Africa, male urethritis syndrome (MUS) is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) syndrome in men. We determined the distribution of STI etiologies and the susceptibility profiles of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from men presenting with MUS to 3 sentinel surveillance health care facilities. Secondary objectives were to determine the seroprevalence of coinfections (HIV, syphilis, herpes simplex virus 2).

Methods

Consecutive, consenting men with symptomatic urethral discharge were enrolled between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2020. Genital discharge swab and blood specimens were collected and transported to a central STI reference laboratory in Johannesburg, South Africa.

Results

Among 769 men enrolled, N. gonorrhoeae was the commonest cause of MUS (674 [87.8%]; 95% confidence interval [CI], 85.2%–89.9%), followed by Chlamydia trachomatis (161 [21.0%]; 95% CI, 18.2%–24.0%). Of 542 cultivable N. gonorrhoeae isolates, all were susceptible to ceftriaxone (modal minimum inhibitory concentration, 0.004 mg/L) and azithromycin (modal minimum inhibitory concentration, 0.128 mg/L). Seroprevalence rates of HIV, syphilis, and HSV-2 were 21.4% (95% CI, 18.5%–24.5%), 2.3%, and 50.1%, respectively. Condom use at last sexual encounter was reported by only 7%, less than 50% had been medically circumcised, and only 66.7% (58 of 87) who self-reported an HIV-positive status were adherent on antiretroviral drugs.

Conclusions

Neisseria gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis were the predominant causes of MUS. Currently recommended dual ceftriaxone and azithromycin therapy are appropriate for MUS syndromic management; however, surveillance must be maintained to timeously detect emerging and increasing gonococcal resistance. Clinic-based interventions must be intensified in men seeing sexual health care to reduce the community transmission and burden of STI and HIV.
Retrospective Cohort Study Examining the Correlates of Reported Lifetime Stimulant Use in Persons Diagnosed With Infectious Syphilis in Alberta, Canada, 2018 to 2019
Authors: Raval Milan , Gratrix Jennifer , Plitt Sabrina , Niruban John , Smyczek Petra , Dong Kathryn , Singh Ameeta E.
Published: May 2022

Background

We sought to examine the correlates for stimulant use in persons diagnosed with infectious syphilis during an outbreak in Alberta to help guide public health interventions.

Methods

Infectious syphilis data were extracted from the Communicable Disease and Outbreak Management database from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019. Behavioral, demographic, and lifetime reported stimulant use data were obtained. Descriptive analyses and logistic regression were performed for 3 subpopulations (gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men; men who have sex with women; and women).

Results

Of 3627 individuals diagnosed with infectious syphilis, 23.9% (n = 867) cases were not interviewed for substance use and were removed from further analysis. Of the remaining 2759 people, 41.8% (n = 1153) self-reported lifetime stimulant use. Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men reported stimulant use less often than women (24.6% vs. 44.1%; P < 0.0001) and men who have sex with women (24.6% vs. 46.2%; P < 0.0001). Multivariable analyses demonstrated that stimulant use was associated with persons who injected drugs, had correctional involvement, or reported multiple sex partners. Men who have sex with women were more likely to self-report First Nations ethnicity (adjusted odds ratio, 1.76 [95% confidence interval, 1.25–2.49]), and women were more likely to have a concurrent gonorrhea infection (adjusted odds ratio, 1.62 [95% confidence interval, 1.15–2.28]).

Conclusions

Nearly half of infectious syphilis cases in Alberta reported lifetime nonprescription stimulant use. Infectious syphilis cases with stimulant use were associated with injection drug use, multiple sex partners, and correctional involvement. Our observations highlight the need for integration of sexual health services into programs for people who use substances and those in corrections custody.
Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome in the Emergency Department
Authors: Beals Lauren , Sarjinsky Sharon , Faltyn Mateusz , Issenman Robert M. , Kam April J.
Published: May 2022

Objectives

The aims of the study were (1) to determine how frequently patients with cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) present to the pediatric emergency department (ED) with CVS-related symptoms, (2) to identify variables in clinical presentation that occur frequently in patients with multiple ED visits, and (3) to compare ED management of CVS with recommended guidelines.

Methods

This study is a retrospective chart review of all ED visits for CVS between April 1, 2008, and April 1, 2018, at a single center. Patients were identified from a master list of patients diagnosed with CVS in a pediatric gastroenterology clinic at the same center between June 1, 2004, and June 19, 2018.

Results

Of the 181 CVS clinic patients identified, 65 had visited to the ED (35.9%). Two hundred twenty-eight visits met inclusion criteria. A total of 42.5% of these visits were made by a small number of high-intensity patients (n = 6) who had an average of 16.1 visits each. These patients represented less than 10% of the total patient group. Patients with frequent visits had longer visits (536.52 vs 380.55 minutes), more frequent hospital admissions (57.73% vs 29.01%), and more visits to the ED before a formal diagnosis of CVS was made (5.83 vs 1.22), but few other distinguishing characteristics. Only 27% of eligible visits were managed with an available order set, and management varied from recommended guidelines.

Conclusions

An ambiguous presentation makes the identification and consistent management of CVS in the ED difficult. Physicians should consider CVS for patients who present multiple times with unremitting vomiting to ensure appropriate referral for diagnosis and prophylactic treatment. Future studies are warranted to evaluate anticipatory processing and treatment of the “high-intensity patients” who account for much of the clinical morbidity and resource utilization.
Quantifying Simulated Contamination Deposition on Healthcare Providers Using Image Analysis
Authors: Lin Yiqun , Cheng Adam , Pirie Jonathan , Davidson Jennifer , Levy Arielle , Matava Clyde , Aubin Carl-Eric , Robert Etienne , Buyck Michael , Hecker Kent , Gravel Genevieve , Chang Todd P. ,   for the INSPIRE Aerosol Generating Medical Procedures (AGMP) Investigators
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Simulation-based research has played an important role in improving care for communicable diseases. Unfortunately, few studies have attempted to quantify the level of contamination in these simulation activities. We aim to assess the feasibility and provide validity evidence for using integrated density values and area of contamination (AOC) to differentiate various levels of simulated contamination.

Methods

An increasing number of simulated contamination spots using fluorescent marker were applied on a manikin chest to simulate a contaminated healthcare provider. An ultraviolet light was used to illuminate the manikin to highlight the simulated contamination. Images of increasing contamination levels were captured using a camera with different exposure settings. Image processing software was used to measure 2 outcomes: (1) natural logarithm of integrated density; and (2) AOC. Mixed-effects linear regression models were used to assess the effect of contamination levels and exposure settings on both outcome measures. A standardized “proof-of-concept” exercise was set up to calibrate and formalize the process for human subjects.

Results

A total of 140 images were included in the analyses. Dose-response relationships were observed between contamination levels and both outcome measures. For each increment in the number of contaminated simulation spots (ie, simulated contaminated area increased by 38.5 mm2), on average, log-integrated density increased by 0.009 (95% confidence interval, 0.006–0.012; P < 0.001) and measured AOC increased by 37.8 mm2 (95% confidence interval, 36.7–38.8 mm2; P < 0.001), which is very close to actual value (38.5 mm2). The “proof-of-concept” demonstration further verified results.

Conclusions

Integrated density and AOC measured by image processing can differentiate various levels of simulated, fluorescent contamination. The AOC measured highly agrees with the actual value. This method should be optimized and used in the future research to detect simulated contamination deposited on healthcare providers.
Description of two novel anaerobic members in the family Clostridiaceae, Anaeromonas gelatinilytica gen.nov., sp. nov., and Anaeromonas frigoriresistens sp. nov., isolated from saline lake sediment
Authors: Zhang Ran , Wang Jiayan , Zhao Zhe , Xamxidin Maripat , Zhang Guishan , Xu Lin , Wu Min
Published: May 2022

Cells of members of the family

Clostridiaceae

, phylum

Firmicutes

, are generally obligate anaerobic rods. Strains D2Q-14T and D2Q-11T were isolated from sediment of the saline lake Manisi in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, PR China. In this study, we employed a polyphasic approach and whole genome analysis of the two isolates. Cells of both isolates were Gram-stain-positive rods that were motile by means of flagella and could utilize sulphate, thiosulphate, elemental sulphur and nitrate as electron acceptors. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and whole genome sequences indicated that strains D2Q-14T and D2Q-11T constituted a coherent cluster affiliated to the family

Clostridiaceae

. In addition, genome analysis revealed that strain D2Q-14Tharboured one nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene cluster, making up 1.4 % of the entire genome. The genome-based analysis, including average nucleotide identity, average amino acid identity and in silico DNA–DNA hybridization, biochemical, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization, indicated that strains D2Q-14T and D2Q-11T represented two novel species of a novel genus in the family

Clostridiaceae

, for which we propose the names Anaeromonas gelatinilytica gen. nov., sp. nov. and Anaeromonas frigoriresistens sp. nov., with the type strains D2Q-14T (=KCTC 15986T=MCCC 1K04634T) and D2Q-11T (=KCTC 15985T=MCCC 1K04391T), respectively.
Talent management practices for firms’ absorptive capacity in a host country: a study of the Chinese diaspora in Russia
Authors: Latukha Marina , Zhang Yugui , Panibratov Andrei , Arzhanykh Ksenia , Rysakova Liana
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The paper aims to explore the role of talent management (TM) practices in shaping firm’s absorptive capacity (AC) in the host country. Based on the data from representatives of Chinese diaspora used in Russia, this study discusses the role of TM practices in developing firm’s AC through learning from diaspora.

Design/methodology/approach

To explore possible connections between both TM practices and AC and TM practices and attractiveness of a company for diaspora representatives (talent mobility), this study reports an exploratory study by using a set-theoretical analytic method, fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis.

Findings

The findings state that retention and development practices significantly influence firm’s AC, which promotes attractiveness of Russia as of destination country for Chinese employees and of particular company with the corresponding TM system.

Originality/value

This study reveals the existing connection between diaspora talent attraction and knowledge assimilation and diaspora talent retention and knowledge transformation. Knowledge acquisition is influenced by talent retention and talent development with a mediation of knowledge sharing.
Energy-efficient building design under climate change adaptation process: a case study of a single-family house
Authors: Tomrukçu Gökçe , Ashrafian Touraj
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The residential buildings sector has a high priority in the climate change adaptation process due to significant CO2 emissions, high energy consumption and negative environmental impacts. The article investigates how, conversely speaking, the residential buildings will be affected by climate change, and how to improve existing structures and support long-term decisions.

Design/methodology/approach

The climate dataset was created using the scenarios determined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and this was used in the study. Different building envelope and Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems scenarios have been developed and simulated. Then, the best scenario was determined with comparative results, and recommendations were developed.

Findings

The findings reveal that future temperature-increase will significantly impact buildings' cooling and heating energy use. As the outdoor air temperatures increase due to climate change, the heating loads of the buildings decrease, and the cooling loads increase significantly. While the heating energy consumption of the house was calculated at 170.85 kWh/m2 in 2020, this value shall decrease significantly to 115.01 kWh/m2 in 2080. On the other hand, the cooling energy doubled between 2020 and 2080 and reached 106.95 kWh/m2 from 53.14 kWh/m2 measured in 2020.

Originality/value

Single-family houses constitute a significant proportion of the building stock. An in-depth analysis of such a building type is necessary to cope with the devastating consequences of climate change. The study developed and scrutinised energy performance improvement scenarios to define the climate change adaptation process' impact and proper procedure. The study is trying to create a strategy to increase the climate resistance capabilities of buildings and fill the gaps in this regard.
A workplace-driven model on the formation of OCB-C: perspectives of social exchange theory and agency theory
Authors: Xu Shi (Tracy) , Wang Yao-Chin , Ma Emily
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Different from the previous organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) literature, this study aims to propose an OCB-O (organizational citizenship behavior toward organizations) and OCB-I (organizational citizenship behavior toward individual coworkers) driven mechanism for the formation of OCB-C (organizational citizenship behavior toward customers). Based on the social exchange and agency theories, the authors propose that perceived leadership support and work autonomy contribute to both OCB-I and OCB-O, which contributes to proactive and reactive customer service attitude as well as OCB-C.

Design/methodology/approach

A three-wave survey was conducted in five-star hotels in Mainland China, and a sample of 410 hotel frontline employees was used to test the model.

Findings

Findings of the study suggested that perceived leadership support positively led to OCB-O and OCB-I while work autonomy led to OCB-I, demonstrating the importance of employees’ perceived leadership support on motivating employees to perform OCB-I and OCB-O. OCB-I and OCB-O directly improved OCB-C, confirming the proposed spillover effect from OCB-I and OCB-O to OCB-C. OCB-I supported both proactive and reactive customer service attitudes, revealing OCB-I as more effective than OCB-O on influencing employees’ service attitudes. Furthermore, OCB-I, OCB-O and proactive customer service attitude lead to OCB-C.

Practical implications

This study suggests that it is important for leaders to show care and support to employees and design jobs with a certain level of flexibility, so that employees are motivated to go the extra mile to do a good job. When employees make helping others a habit, they will provide more genuine care to customers and do a better job in serving customers.

Originality/value

This study supports the spillover mechanism of OCB-I and OCB-O on OCB-C. Specifically, the spillover mechanism starts from a workplace-driven model with employees’ perceived leadership support and work autonomy to enhance OCB-O as well as OCB-I. Then, spillover effects stem directly from OCB-I and OCB-O to OCB-C and indirectly to proactive customer service attitude.
Risk assessment of exposure to COVID-19 virus: a cross-sectional study among health-care workers
Authors: Souri Saber , Nejatifar Zahra , Amerzadeh Mohammad , Hashemi Fariba , Rafiei Sima
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Health-care workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of exposure to the COVID-19 virus, which necessitates implementing transmission prevention measures in health-care delivery facilities, particularly hospitals. This study aims to assess COVID-19 risk in a health-care setting and recommend managerial strategies to cope with existing risk procedures.

Design/methodology/approach

This cross-sectional study was conducted among HCWs working in a general hospital in Qazvin, northwest of the country. A total of 310 employees working at different clinical and non-clinical occupational levels participated in the study. The WHO COVID-19 risk assessment tool categorised HCWs in high- or low-risk groups exposed to COVID-19 infection.

Findings

Findings revealed statistically significant relationships between workplace exposure to the COVID-19 virus and variables, including job type, performing the aerosol-generating procedure, access to personal protective equipment (PPE) and being trained on Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) guidelines (p < 0.05). HCWs older than 36 years were at 8% more risk of COVID-19 virus. Being a medical doctor or delivering health-care services as a nurse were relatively 28% and 32% times more likely to be at high risk of infection than other hospital staff categories. Having inadequate access to PPE and lack of training on IPC guidelines were also key determinants of high-risk infection.

Originality/value

As most cases at risk of COVID-19 infection belonged to frontline health-care staff in older age groups, this study recommend limiting the exposure of vulnerable staff to COVID-19 patients, increasing protective measures for HCWs and providing essential information about infection control procedures.
Evolvement of international mobility of talents: a complex network perspective
Authors: Wang Yinqiu , Shi Yunyan
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Talents are the critical resource of sustainable development for countries, and attracting talents all over the world is the important way for increasing the country's talent reverse. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to make the governments understand the evolving pattern of international talent mobility.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper constructs the networked model of talent mobility among 15 major countries during the years 1990–2012 under the database of the Patent Cooperation Treaty and analyzes the global characteristics and the evolvement of international mobility of talents under complex network perspective.

Findings

It is found that the mobility network is scale-free, which means that a few developed countries, such as the USA, England and France, have enjoyed considerable migratory flows of talents, but most of the other countries only have moderate levels of brain circulation. Besides a very few exceptions, a dynamic equilibrium is reached for most countries, with numbers of talents evening out between emigration and immigration. As time passes by, the volume of talent flows is gradually stabilized, with the numerical gap existing between developed countries and developing ones. Nowadays, the scale of international mobility of talents is growing at an unprecedented speed, facilitated by technological progress and more flexible migratory policies.

Originality/value

This paper sheds light on the evolving pattern of the international talent mobility using complex network analysis. The cogent quantitative analysis highlights the huge challenges faced by national governments and provides the basis for deliberative policy-making aimed at winning the brain war internationally.
Development of a retail supply chain process reference model incorporating Lean Six Sigma initiatives
Authors: Panayiotou Nikolaos A. , Stergiou Konstantinos E.
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is the development of a reference model contributing to the identification of the retail supply chain activities that can be improved by the implementation of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) initiatives, following DMAIC steps and using proposed tools, based on contemporary technologies and best practices.

Design/methodology/approach

The reference model was developed combining the existing literature knowledge about the areas of supply chain that LSS can improve and the data collected by two big retailers in Greece about their supply chain operation. The integration of two sources of information led to the modeling of the retail supply chain processes and the proposal of appropriate LSS initiatives for their improvement.

Findings

This paper aimed to detect the pain points of a retail supply chain, which can be achieved by following the steps of DMAIC and applying specific LSS initiatives as described in the reference model, to introduce the trends of the sector in terms of logistics and supply chain.

Practical implications

The reference model of this paper can be used as a comprehensive guide of LSS implementation in the retail supply chain and help the companies of such a significant sector for the economy.

Originality/value

The literature review revealed that there is a lack of publications concerning LSS implementation in retail supply chain and in the retail sector in general. The development of this model contributes to the filling of this gap by providing a complete reference model, which strives to overcome the barriers of LSS adoption in retail supply chain.
The effects of minimum wages over the business cycle: the Great Recession
Authors: Hean Oudom , Deng Nanxin
Published: May 2022

Purpose

This paper examines disemployment effects of minimum wages during the period 2002–2010.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors employ the discontinuity design.

Findings

The authors find that minimum wages had a significant negative impact on teen employment before the Great Recession. During the Great Recession, the disemployment effects of minimum wages were insignificant. The finding is consistent with the evolution of firms’ market power during the business cycle.

Originality/value

The authors attempt to reconcile the debate about the effects of minimum wages on US employment.
The relationship between traditional project management, agile project management and teamwork quality on project success
Authors: Agbejule Adebayo , Lehtineva Lassi
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The aim of the study is to explore how the different combinations of traditional and agile project management (APM) enhance project success under different levels of teamwork quality.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used system approach, using cluster analysis, to examine the relationships between project success and traditional project management (TPM) and APM under different levels of teamwork quality. A cluster analysis approach provides a method to examine how the entire range of variables combine to improve project success.

Findings

The results of the study revealed three profiles of project managers’ differences in teamwork quality and type of project management used: pure agile, TPM leaning hybrid and APM (APM) leaning hybrid. The results found evidence that TPM leaning hybrid received the highest score in project success.

Practical implications

Organizations should develop teamwork skills to learn to use both TPM and APM so that specific risks presented by one approach use are compensated by the use of other. Finally, organizations should have good TPM practices before planning to implement agile practices.

Originality/value

The findings of this study suggest that TPM with high teamwork quality supported by APM can enhance project success. APM supported by TPM contributes to improved project success.
Airline catering supply chain performance during pandemic disruption: a Bayesian network modelling approach
Authors: Yusriza Fathien Azuien , Abdul Rahman Nor Aida , Jraisat Luai , Upadhyay Arvind
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The supply chain (SC) encompasses all actions related to meeting customer requests and transferring materials upstream to meet those demands. Organisations must operate towards increasing SC efficiency and effectiveness to meet SC objectives. Although most businesses expected the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to severely negatively impact their SCs, they did not know how to model disruptions or their effects on performance in the event of a pandemic, leading to delayed responses, an incomplete understanding of the pandemic's effects and late deployment of recovery measures. Therefore, this study aims to consider the impact of implementing Bayesian network (BN) modelling to measure SC performance in the airline catering context.

Design/methodology/approach

This study presents a method for modelling and quantifying SC performance assessment for airline catering. In the COVID-19 context, the researchers proposed a BN model to measure SC performance and risk events and quantify the consequences of pandemic disruptions.

Findings

The study simulates and measures the impact of different triggers on SC performance and business continuity using forward and backward propagation analysis, among other BN features, enabling us to combine various SC perspectives and explicitly account for pandemic scenarios.

Originality/value

This study's findings offer a fresh theoretical perspective on the use of BNs in pandemic SC disruption modelling. The findings can be used as a decision-making tool to predict and better understand how pandemics affect SC performance.
The kids are alright: adolescents’ experiences during COVID-19 disruption
Authors: Lopatovska Irene , Garg Radhika , Turpin Olivia , Yoon Ji Hee , Vroom Laura , Brown Diedre
Published: May 2022

Purpose

This study aimed to understand adolescents’ experiences, negative feelings and coping mechanisms associated with the major disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to develop a baseline for understanding adolescents and their environment to assist future developments of technological and other solutions to mitigate adolescents’ loneliness, improve their wellbeing and strengthen their resilience.

Design/methodology/approach

The data about adolescents’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic was collected through virtual interviews conducted via Zoom. A total of 39 adolescents (aged 12 through 18 years) primarily from the North East of the USA participated in the study. The transcripts of the interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Findings

This study found evidence of negative disruptions to adolescents’ social, learning and emotional routines. This study also found that in dealing with the effects of COVID-19 disruption, most of the participants exhibited five key attributes of individual resilience, including social competence, problem-solving, critical consciousness, autonomy and a sense of purpose. External factors supporting resilience were also mentioned, including technology resources, family, school and broader community.

Originality/value

This study relied on first-hand adolescents’ reports of their experiences, feelings and coping strategies during the pandemic. This study applied a resilience framework to interpret the findings and translate them into recommendations for further development of support systems for adolescents.
Doing business with Asia: the case for Asian business studies engagement in Australian universities
Authors: Cullen Anne , McCornac Dennis
Published: May 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the two main viewpoints on Australia’s relationship with Asia; first, the highly visible informed pro-Asia protagonists, and second, pervasive public opinion as informed by history and the Australian self-image. The purpose is to present the polemic internal to Asian Studies and Business Schools currently. This paper postulates that only an (uncomfortable) whole-of-sector introspection would result in an authentic national narrative to drive mutual respect and business between Asia and Australia.

Design/methodology/approach

The current dismembering of Asian Studies degrees and Asian Business specialisations at Australian universities indicates a waning national support to the production of Asian specialists able to link the Australian economy into the advancing Asian commercial dominance. But such an assessment would not be completely accurate. The authors argue that as an important component of Asian business and economics, understanding the current situation is vital to breathing life back into the Asian Studies and Asian Business Studies disciplines at Australian national universities.

Findings

This paper concludes that the responsibility for creating specialists should fall to the university sector but is currently defaulting to the business sector. This paper proposes that business schools need to be more active participants in Asian engagement strategies. Thus, Australian universities and disciplines such as Asian Studies and Asian Business must have the academic will and the business support to take up a major role in positive evolution of the Eurocentric elements that currently hold back meaningful engagement.

Originality/value

This is a current issue that needs to be addressed.
Reassessing research on marketing channel strategies in the internet era: opportunities, challenges, and responses
Authors: Liu Yi , Zhang Hengyuan
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Chinese marketing scholars have been studying marketing channel strategies for the past 20 years. However, the emergence of the internet and the digital economy has led to new marketing channels and practices that question the usefulness of this existing body of research, challenging Chinese marketing scholars specialized in channel strategy who are limited by path-dependent foundations and methods. This article reviews the research on marketing channel strategies by Chinese scholars, identifies the challenges posed by new channels and practices, and proposes some strategies for addressing these challenges.

Design/methodology/approach

This study systematically summarizes the research on marketing channel strategies published by Chinese scholars in English or Chinese in the past 20 years. Including articles published in either English-language or Chinese-language marketing journals allows this review to summarize the overall current state of marketing channel strategy research.

Findings

The theory and research methods used in studies of marketing channel strategies are relatively mature, and the field is saturated. However, the development of e-commerce and online channels have changed the structure of offline marketing channels, making Chinese scholars of marketing channel strategies to necessarily change Chinese scholars' thinking, methods, and research topics. Scholars from the fields of e-commerce, information system management, and big data are now conducting research on marketing channels. Chinese scholars who study marketing channel strategies need to establish and develop novel approaches to researching these new phenomena and practices.

Originality/value

This article analyzes the challenges faced by Chinese scholars who study marketing channel strategies and provides suggestions for future research in the area. The findings will assist in the development of research on new online and offline channel phenomena in the era of the internet and the digital economy.