bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Topic Initiation by Korean and Chinese Speakers on Reality Dating Shows
Authors: Zhu Weihua , Chen Xi
Published: May 2023

This study examined topic initiation in first encounters in an underexplored language pair – Korean and Chinese. It focused on the beginning stage of intimate relationships documented on two reality dating shows, Sun Da Bang in South Korea and Find Me The One in mainland China. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted to compare the focus of topics, the shift between them, and the influence of gender. Significant differences were found in topic orientation across the groups and in the effect of gender on topic initiation in Korean.
¡Basta Ya! The Basque Civic Movement and Nonviolent Resistance to eta’s Terrorism
Authors: Argomaniz Javier
Published: May 2023

This paper examines the impact that the Basque civic movement had in the civil resistance against the armed separatist group Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (eta). The ‘civic’ or ‘constitutionalist’ movement, whose best-known representative was the social movement organization ¡Basta Ya!, emerged to demand the protection of Basque citizens’ human and political rights, which were routinely abused by eta and their sympathisers. The movement impacted on the cycle of contention against terrorism through the diffusion of democratic norms and anti-eta political narratives, by sustaining civil resistance against terrorism while enduring persecution by their militants and sympathisers and by protecting the social fabric through the channelling of non-nationalist grievances into collective action that was pro-democratic and nonviolent. The case highlights the crucial parallels that exist between civil resistance to authoritarian regimes and non-state groups and the crucial role that civil society actors can play in the social delegitimisation of terrorist organisations.
Two new species of Australoheros (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with notes on diversity of the genus and biogeography of the Río de la Plata basin
Authors: ŘÍČAN OLDŘICH , PIÁLEK LUBOMÍR , ALMIRÓN ADRIANA , CASCIOTTA JORGE
Published: May 2023

Two new species of Australoheros Ř íčan and Kullander are described. Australoheros ykeregua sp. nov. is described from the tributaries of the río Uruguay in Misiones province, Argentina. Australoheros angiru sp. nov. is described from the tributaries of the upper rio Uruguai and middle rio Iguaçu in Brazil. The two new species are not closely related, A. ykeregua is the sister species of A. forquilha Ř íčan and Kullander, while A. angiru is the sister species of A. minuano Ř íčan and Kullander. The diversity of the genus Australoheros is reviewed using morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses. These analyses suggest that the described species diversity of the genus in the coastal drainages of SE Brazil is overestimated and that many described species are best undestood as representing cases of intraspecific variation. The distribution patterns of Australoheros species in the Uruguay and Iguazú river drainages point to historical connections between today isolated river drainages (the lower río Iguazú with the arroyo Urugua–í, and the middle rio Iguaçu with the upper rio Uruguai). Molecular clocks are used to date these and other biogeographic patterns.
Treatment Activity of Hydrogels Loaded with Ba(II) Metal-Organic Frameworks of Paroxetine on Depression
Authors: Zhou Yu , Zhang Panpan , Wang Feng , Wang Ying , Yang Tingting , Wang Yue , Jiang Yihua , Su Hong
Published: May 2023

In this work, a novel Ba(II) coordination polymer (CP) loaded with paroxetine was synthesized and successfully loaded into the hyaluronic acid/carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogels. The scanning electron microscopy showed that the hydrogels had a typical macroporous structure. In the biological
section, the as-created treatment activity on the depression therapy and the corresponding mechanism were investigated. Experimental results showed that the new system significantly increased not only the amount of glutamate released into the brain but also the relative expression of glutamate
receptors in the brain, and is a promising material for use as a novel material in the treatment of depression.
Effects of Fluorouracil-Carrying Nano Targeted Liposomes on Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Gastric Cancer Cells
Authors: Yang Jingjun
Published: May 2023

Fluorouracil (FU) is a common chemotherapy drug. To overcome the shortcomings of the original drug, such as strong gastrointestinal reaction and short half-life, FU was placed in the Mahadevi layered complex (MLC) added with dextran (DEX) for surface modification to obtain the magnetic
targeting nanoparticles (MLC-Dex-Fu) with sustained release. Next, the MLC-Dex-Fu was combined with liposome to obtain the FU-carrying nano targeted liposome (LMDF). MGC-803 gastric cancer (GC) cells were selected to establish the nude mouse model of GC solid tumor. The nude mice were rolled
into different groups (a control group (Ctrl group), a FU group, a LMDF group without magnetic field, and a LMDF group with magnetic field). The diet and weight of nude mice were observed after interventions under the conditions of NMF and MF. The tumor tissues were removed, cleaned, cut into
homogenate, transferred to the pre-cooled Eppendorf (EP) tube, and then performed with homogenation, suction by pipettes, and filtration to obtain the tumor cell suspensions of the corresponding groups. Partial tumor cell suspensions were based to analyze the cell proliferation by flow cytometry
(FCT), and the other suspensions were based to investigate the migration and invasion by the Transwell method. The results suggested the cell viability in the LMDF groups was greatly decreased (P < 0.05). In the nude mouse model test, LMDF exhibited a good magnetic targeted transport
and sustained release chemotherapy, and could guide FU to move in vivo and enrich in the tumor site with a high concentration under the effects of external magnetic field, thus inhibiting the tumor proliferation. Such efficacy was more obvious in comparison with other groups (P
< 0.05).
A Statewide Analysis of Predictors of Trauma Center Transfer: The Burden of Non-Clinical Factors
Authors: Aldridge Joshua R. , Quinn Seth A. , Peine Brandon S. , Irish William D. , Toschlog Eric A.
Published: May 2023

Objectives

There is a perception, with mixed literary support, that patients are transferred from community hospitals to tertiary medical centers for non-clinical reasons (ie, payor, race, and admission time). Over-triage risks unequally burdening the tertiary medical centers within a trauma system. This study aims to identify potential non-clinical factors associated with the transfer of injured patients.

Methods

Using the 2018 North Carolina State Inpatient Database, patients with a primary diagnosis of spine, rib or extremity fractures, or TBI were identified using ICD-10-CM code and admission type of “Urgent,” “Emergency,” or “Trauma.” Patients were divided into cohorts of “retained” (at community hospital) or “transferred” (Level-1 or 2 trauma centers).

Results

11,095 patients met inclusion criteria; 2432 (21.9%) patients made up the transfer cohort. The mean ISS for all retained patients was 2.2 (±.9) and 2.9 (±1.4) for all transferred patients. The transfer cohort was younger (mean age 66 v 75.8), underinsured, and more likely to be admitted after 1700 ( P < .001). Similar differences were seen regardless of injury pattern.

Conclusions

Patients transferred to trauma centers were more likely to be underinsured and be admitted outside of normal business hours. These transferred patients had longer lengths of stay and higher mortality rates. Across all cohorts, similar ISS suggests that a portion of the transfers could be managed at a community hospital. After hours transfers suggest a need for more robust community hospital coverage. Intentional triage of the injured patient encourages appropriate utilization of resources and is crucial to maintaining high-functioning trauma centers and systems.
Recurrent Rapunzel Syndrome in an Adolescent Female
Authors: Pegues J’undra N. , Lucas Eric D. , Morris Michael
Published: May 2023

Bezoars are concrete masses found within the gastrointestinal tract that can lead to obstructions. One of the most common forms of bezoars is trichobezoar, composed of swallowed hair. Many bezoars are confined to the stomach; however, a small occurrence of trichobezoars extends past the pylorus and into the duodenum, or small bowel, termed Rapunzel syndrome. In the literature, there have been few cases of recurrent Rapunzel syndrome. Our case is a 13-year-old female with recurrent Rapunzel syndrome requiring three operative interventions.
Bilateral Multiple Giant Juvenile Fibroadenomas in an Adolescent Girl
Authors: Pittman Alyssa K. , Cornett Wendy R.
Published: May 2023

Giant juvenile fibroadenomas are usually seen as rare variants of fibroadenomas in adolescents as unilateral solitary masses that may be managed by surgical excision with conservation of normal breast tissue. We report a case of a premenarchal 13-year-old female presenting with bilateral multifocal giant juvenile fibroadenomas requiring essentially bilateral subtotal nipple sparing mastectomies. Surgical evaluation revealed replacement of normal breast tissue on the right side. She then had development of two additional right-sided fibroadenomas requiring excision.
Prediction of Ureteral Injury During Colorectal Surgery Using Machine Learning
Authors: Chen Kevin A. , Joisa Chinmaya U. , Stem Jonathan M. , Guillem Jose G. , Gomez Shawn M. , Kapadia Muneera R.
Published: May 2023

Background

Ureteral injury (UI) is a rare but devastating complication during colorectal surgery. Ureteral stents may reduce UI but carry risks themselves. Risk predictors for UI could help target the use of stents, but previous efforts have relied on logistic regression (LR), shown moderate accuracy, and used intraoperative variables. We sought to use an emerging approach in predictive analytics, machine learning, to create a model for UI.

Methods

Patients who underwent colorectal surgery were identified in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database. Patients were split into training, validation, and test sets. The primary outcome was UI. Three machine learning approaches were tested including random forest (RF), gradient boosting (XGB), and neural networks (NN), and compared with traditional LR. Model performance was assessed using area under the curve (AUROC).

Results

The data set included 262,923 patients, of whom 1519 (.578%) experienced UI. Of the modeling techniques, XGB performed the best, with an AUROC score of .774 (95% CI .742-.807) compared with .698 (95% CI .664-.733) for LR. Random forest and NN performed similarly with scores of .738 and .763, respectively. Type of procedure, work RVUs, indication for surgery, and mechanical bowel prep showed the strongest influence on model predictions.

Conclusions

Machine learning-based models significantly outperformed LR and previous models and showed high accuracy in predicting UI during colorectal surgery. With proper validation, they could be used to support decision making regarding the placement of ureteral stents preoperatively.
Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Clinic: A Novel Approach to Decrease Time to Intervention
Authors: Alongi Ashlyn M. , Mitchell William D. , Elder Erin A. , Rivere Amy , Fuhrman George
Published: May 2023

Multidisciplinary clinics (MDCs) were created at high-volume surgical oncology centers to optimize breast cancer care, in which patients are seen by multiple subspecialists at one visit. We aim to evaluate our experience with this novel approach. We examined 492 patients with newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer from January 1, 2020, to September 1, 2022. Patients seen at our MDC had a decreased time to intervention across all measured intervals: 3 days faster (10 vs 13 days) from biopsy to clinic visit [t Sat 2.09 > t critical two tail 1.99], 5 days faster (23 vs 28 days) from diagnosis to initiation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy [t Sat 5.12 > t critical two tail 2.019], and 21 days faster (24 vs 45 days) from surgery clinic visit to operation [t Sat 5.12 > t critical two tail 2.019]. Although early in our experience, we have initiated a strategy for improved breast cancer care.
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis Protocol: A Single Center Study
Authors: Cruz-Centeno Nelimar , Fraser James A. , Stewart Shai , Marlor Derek R. , Rentea Rebecca M. , Aguayo Pablo , Juang David , Hendrickson Richard J. , Snyder Charles L. , St Peter Shawn D. , Fraser Jason D. , Oyetunji Tolulope A.
Published: May 2023

Background

Initial treatment of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) is correction of electrolyte disturbances with fluid resuscitation. In 2015, our institution implemented a fluid resuscitation protocol based on previous data that focused on minimizing blood draws and allowing immediate ad libitum feeds postoperatively. Our aim was to describe the protocol and subsequent outcomes.

Methods

We conducted a single-center retrospective review of patients diagnosed with HPS from 2016 to 2023. All patients were given ad libitum feeds postoperatively and discharged home after tolerating three consecutive feeds. The primary outcome was the postoperative hospital length of stay (LOS). Secondary outcomes included the number of preoperative labs drawn, time from arrival to surgery, time from surgery to initiation of feeds, time from surgery to full feeds, and re-admission rate.

Results

The study included 333 patients. A total of 142 patients (42.6%) had electrolytic disturbances that required fluid boluses in addition to 1.5x maintenance fluids. The median number of lab draws was 1 (IQR 1,2), with a median time from arrival to surgery of 19.5 hours (IQR 15.3,24.9). The median time from surgery to first and full feed was 1.9 hours (IQR 1.2,2.7) and 11.2 hours (IQR 6.4,18.3), respectively. Patients had a median postoperative LOS of 21.8 hours (IQR 9.7,28.9). Re-admission rate within the first 30 postoperative days was 3.6% ( n = 12) with 2.7% of re-admissions occurring within 72 hours of discharge. One patient required re-operation due to an incomplete pyloromyotomy.

Discussion

This protocol is a valuable tool for perioperative and postoperative management of patients with HPS while minimizing uncomfortable intervention.
A Path Model of Acculturation, Enculturation, Social Connectedness, and Mental Health Among Asian American/Pacific Islander Immigrants
Authors: Santos Jean Margarette , Kawabata Yoshito
Published: May 2023

The present study investigated the indirect effects of acculturation and enculturation on mental health problems (i.e., depression and social anxiety) through social connectedness (i.e., family-, peer-, university-, and neighborhood-connectedness) among Asian American/Pacific Islander (AAPI) immigrant emerging adults in Guam. Participants consisted of 235 (18–30 years old) AAPI immigrant emerging adult students. Online surveys were distributed that contained measures of acculturation and enculturation, family connectedness, peer connectedness, university connectedness, neighborhood connectedness, depression, and anxiety in the university classes and via social media platforms. The results of a path analysis revealed indirect effects of acculturation on depression and anxiety through peer and university connectedness. Limitations, future studies, and the cultural and clinical implications of the findings are discussed.
The Brain Is Not Working (Thluak Rian a Ttuan Lo): Perceptions of Mental Illness in a Resettled Chin Community
Authors: Bartholomew Theodore T. , Par Bawi Tin , Zathang Julia Crosspar Mawi
Published: May 2023

For decades, violent conflict has caused forced displacement throughout Myanmar. Chin people, largely from the northwestern Chin state in Myanmar, have been subjected to this violence resulting in displacement and resettlement with refugee status for thousands of Chin people. Scholars have often endeavored to understand the psychological outcomes of displacement and resettlement, with empirical work often dedicated to the onset of posttraumatic stress, depression, anxiety, and other Western-defined constructs of mental illness being correlated with traumatic experiences. These endeavors fail to center cultural explanations of mental illness among specific cultural groups like the Chin. Therefore, we used a community-collaborative, grounded theory approach to interview Chin people ( N = 20) resettled in the midwestern United States. Grounded theory analyses led to identification of two categories reflecting participants’ explanatory models of mental illness: (a) The Brain is Not working and (b) Causal Beliefs of The Brain not Working. The first category has one subcategory (Symptoms of the Brain not Working) and the second category is separated into three subcategories: (a) Going Crazy, Being Born Like that, and Thinking too Much as Causes, (b) Religion as an Explanation, and (c) “Control Your Heart”: Personal Responsibility and the Onset of Illness. These are discussed in light of the need to better understand cultural models of illness for Chin people with refugee status in contexts of resettlement. Specific attention is afforded to potential importance of this idiom of distress.
The composition of UN peacekeeping operations and aid worker security
Authors: Levin Andrew
Published: May 2023

Do United Nations peacekeeping operations improve the security of humanitarian aid workers during conflict? Answering this question is important given the critical assistance that humanitarian personnel provide in conflict zones, the increased integration of humanitarian activities in UN operations in recent decades and the growing incidence of attacks against aid workers worldwide. Researchers have found that the presence of peacekeepers does not positively affect aid worker security and may even make humanitarian personnel more vulnerable to violent attacks. However, previous studies have not examined whether the effect of peacekeeping operations on aid worker security is influenced by the personnel composition of UN missions. I hypothesize that operations with more troops are likely to reduce attacks against aid workers, while similar security gains are unlikely to be realized with larger numbers of police or observers. This is due to troops’ specific capabilities, which increase their ability to mitigate high-intensity conflict environments and protect humanitarian personnel traveling on roads. Statistical analyses of monthly data between 2000 and 2015 indicate that greater numbers of UN troops, but not police and observers, are correlated with fewer attacks against aid workers. The implications of these findings are discussed, with an eye toward addressing challenges facing the UN’s force-generation process.
Teacher residency: Growing and diversifying the profession
Authors: Sims Violet Jiménez , Lord Kerry , Megos Marlene , Mitchell Ushawnda
Published: May 2023

Violet Jiménez Sims, Kerry Lord, Marlene Megos, and Ushawnda Mitchell describe a new approach to addressing the gap between the racial diversity of teachers and students in U.S. public schools. The Connecticut Teacher Residency program (CT-TRP) is a grow-your-own approach to teacher training, certification, and retention that combines an academic program with a residency model while centering cultural competency. The program breaks down common barriers to the teaching profession by covering the cost of tuition, paying a living wage to candidates during their one-year residency, and helping them prepare for certification exams.
Untying the double bind
Authors: Cormier Christopher J. , Bettini Elizabeth , Stark Kristabel
Published: May 2023

Racially and ethnically minoritized students are now the majority in U.S. public schools. This demographic change, along with heightened attention to racial injustice and evidence regarding the importance of Black teachers, has renewed a decades-old push to increase their numbers. Redesigning teacher education and development to support the recruitment and retention of Black teachers requires ongoing critical understanding of their racialized experiences. Uncritical approaches to workplace diversification perpetuate deficit attitudes toward Black students and unfairly burden Black teachers. Authors Christopher J. Cormier, Elizabeth Bettini, and Kristabel Stark describe challenges novice Black teachers often face, and they suggest critical considerations for this conversation within teacher education programs and schools.
Meeting teachers where they are
Authors: Mausbach Ann , Kazmierczak Kim Morrison
Published: May 2023

Teaching is a complex endeavor, and the pandemic era stretched teachers to their limit, leaving them in need of supports that ignite both their passion and capacity. The typical top-down mandates found in many schools need to be replaced with processes that meet teachers where they are, helping them grow so their students can grow, too. Ann Mausbach and Kim Morrison present a differentiated approach to teacher learning that adapts to teachers’ learning need. They share conditions that allow for this approach to flourish and specific practices that promote a culture of support and deep impactful learning for teachers.
Professional development tune-up
Authors: Sandholtz Judith Haymore , Ringstaff Cathy , Triant Jessica
Published: May 2023

Given the time and resources invested in teacher professional development, it is important to find ways to extend positive outcomes over the long term. Judith Haymore Sandholtz, Cathy Ringstaff, and Jessica Triant investigated whether modest follow-up supports influenced the sustainability of outcomes for elementary school teachers who had previously participated in science education professional development programs. Results indicate that follow-up supports reversed declines (in the years after the professional development ended) in teachers’ sense of preparedness to teach science, use of selected instructional strategies, and implementation of inquiry-based student activities in science.
A local two-way partnership for teacher development
Authors: Scheurman Geoffrey , Yell Michael
Published: May 2023

Middle school teacher Michael Yell and education professor Geoffrey Scheurman discuss a decades-long partnership of ongoing professional development opportunities that involve teachers, university faculty, and teacher candidates working together to create personalized, meaningful, and sustained initiatives that enhance the growth and skills of all those involved. The resulting professional laboratory includes classroom collaborations, preservice teachers shadowing students, school/university exchanges, and the ability to take advantage of learning opportunities that arise organically. The results are reciprocal, inexpensive, ongoing, administrator-approved, and self-directed professional development experiences any teacher-professor duo can consider as they build their own laboratory.
On Leadership: Rethinking the role of the district curriculum leader
Authors: Starr Joshua P.
Published: May 2023

Expertise about how best to address the challenges schools face does not reside solely in the central office. Columnist Joshua P. Starr discusses how district leaders should rethink their roles to ensure that they are focused on the work that only they can do. Some tasks will be better suited to leaders at the school level, and sometimes expertise is available outside schools.
Policy Solutions: What should we make of book bans?
Authors: Collins Jonathan E.
Published: May 2023

Book banning and censorship is appearing again in states and school districts. The history of book banning goes back as far as recorded time. Columnist Jonathan E. Collins discusses the U.S. court system’s history support of the First Amendment and against censorship. He outlines the implications of the most recent book banning incidents and the political ideology behind them. He emphasized that we must keep books accessible for our students.
Under The Law: The legal fight to preserve public education — and democracy
Authors: Kim Robert
Published: May 2023

As challenges to U.S. democracy proliferate, public schools have been caught up in the controversies. Columnist Robert Kim explains that the challenges to both public education and democracy are not new. These attacks occur on multiple fronts, involving funding, equity, and curriculum. And efforts to respond to the threats will require various types of legal battles. But the courts alone cannot address the threats of vouchers, censorship, and the diminishment of students’ rights. Broad civic engagement, robust advocacy campaigns, research, and a strong communications effort also are necessary.
Career Confidential: Parent gets angry when teacher emails about her son’s work
Authors: Fagell Phyllis L.
Published: May 2023

In this Kappan column, Phyllis Fagell offers workplace advice to educators. This month, a teacher doesn’t know how to respond when a parent reacts negatively to an email about her child. A principal is grappling with self-doubt after receiving criticism about his decisions. And a teacher fears that a personal, political disagreement with his principal will affect his career prospects as he seeks a new position.
Bookshelf: Kappan authors on their favorite reads
Authors: Mausbach Ann , Kazmierczak Kim Morrison
Published: May 2023

In this regular Kappan column, authors recommend books that have inspired them in their education career. This month, Ann Mausbach and Kim Morrison Kazmierczak discuss Reduce Change to Increase Improvement by Viviane Robinson. And Jonathan E. Collins reflects on Radical Equations: Civil Rights from Mississippi to the Algebra Project by Robert P. Moses with Charles E. Cobb Jr.
A Sociological Conversation with ChatGPT about AI Ethics, Affect and Reflexivity
Authors: Balmer Andrew
Published: May 2023

This research note is a conversation between ChatGPT and a sociologist about the use of ChatGPT in knowledge production. ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence language model, programmed to analyse vast amounts of data, recognise patterns and generate human-like conversational responses based on that analysis. The research note takes an experimental form, following the shape of a dialogue, and was generated in real time, between the author and ChatGPT. The conversation reflects on, and is a reflexive contribution to, the study of artificial intelligence from a sociology of science perspective. It draws on the notion of reflexivity and adopts an ironic, parodic form to critically respond to the emergence of artificial intelligence language models, their affective and technical qualities, and thereby comments on their potential ethical, social and political significance within the humanities.
A novel modeling and simulation for the electro-thermal conversion analysis of graphene-coated knitted fabric
Authors: Song Qianqian , Shao Yiqin , Wang Xiaohan , Chen Weilai
Published: May 2023

Electrical heating fabrics that possess the excellent characteristics of lightweight, soft, and rapid heating were exploited to address the warmth problem in the cold winter. In this study, a stretchable and effective graphene-decorated weft-knitted fabric heater was developed by spray-drying approach. The graphene-decorated weft-knitted fabric has good stretchability with the strain of 124%, and a high thermal response that reached 206°C with voltage of 10 V. The heating performance of the graphene-decorated weft-knitted fabric remained unchanged at 20 cycles. Furthermore, a three-dimensional geometric model of graphene-decorated weft-knitted fabric was constructed. Mathematical modeling and visual simulation analysis were carried out to explore the electro-thermal coupling behavior. The electro-thermal conversion simulation results are basically consistent with the experimental data. The results offer an approach to design flexible and wearable electrical heating fabrics for thermal management.
Sustainable castor oil-based semi-aromatic copolyesters with high strength and low hydrolysis
Authors: Wang Yu-Lin , Mao Hsu-I , Chen Chin-Wen , Shiu Jia-Wei , Rwei Syang-Peng
Published: May 2023

Hot-melt adhesives are solid adhesives that are converted to a melting state for application to substrates and on cooling efficiently sets up the bond. Due to low or no volatile organic compound emissions, hot-melt adhesives are extensively used in various applications. Poly(trimethylene terephthalate- co-adipate) copolymers containing dimethyl terephthalate, adipic acid, and 1,3-propanediol along with varying amounts of castor oil were synthesized by one-step melt polymerization as hot-melt adhesives. The structure, composition, and thermal properties of these samples were analyzed, and all samples showed excellent thermal stability with Td-5% values above 300°C. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements showed tunable melting temperatures of the copolymers in the range of 80–180°C, which increased with the content of dimethyl terephthalate and decreased with increasing amounts of castor oil. The incorporation of castor oil as soft segments enhanced the flexibility of the molecular chain, indicating an increment in the elongation rate while decreasing the stress at the break and glass transition temperatures. Rheological examinations showed significant increments in the viscosity at lower angular frequencies with the introduction of castor oil; this was attributed to the entanglement caused by the multifunctional groups of castor oil with dangling chains in the segments. As the angular frequency increased, the viscosities of the samples decreased almost linearly, revealing good applicability in the melting process of the copolymers, which presented controllable melting viscosities under different process conditions. The T-peel test was used to investigate the adhesion properties of the copolymers, and the copolymer with 50/50 molar ratio of dimethyl terephthalate/adipic acid with 3 mol% castor oil PT(T50A50)-C3 exhibited excellent binding capacity between the copolymer and poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabric with a peel strength of 2624.5 N m−1. Moreover, PT(T50A50)-C3 shows low moisture absorption, good hydrolysis resistance, and relatively low hardness, which indicates its high potential for application in hot-melt adhesives on polyester fabrics with high strength, good tactile quality, and long service life.
Assessing Longitudinal Impacts of Mentor Role on Youth Outcomes
Authors: Samuels Jody , Davis Amanda L. , McQuillin Samuel D.
Published: May 2023

Youth who report prosocial relationships with natural mentors show increased social and academic success and life satisfaction. However, little research investigates how mentors impact aspects of youth identity such as athleticism or religiosity. The present study applies a Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART) analysis model to data from a national longitudinal study ( N = 15,701) to predict specific outcomes in educational, athletic, and religious domains. This analytic approach is uniquely well-suited for accurately drawing conclusions within highly collinear, high dimensional datasets. Analyses included demographic variables and childhood base rates of academic success, fitness, and religious beliefs as covariates. Findings indicate that the presence of an academic mentor during adolescence longitudinally predicts educational attainment, while athletic or religious mentors did not have significant impacts in terms of increasing athleticism or religiosity. These results suggest that academic mentors may have more longitudinal impacts on student success than other types of mentors.
Millennials Versus Boomers: An Asymmetric Pattern of Realistic and Symbolic Threats Drives Intergenerational Tensions in the United States
Authors: Francioli Stéphane P. , Danbold Felix , North Michael S.
Published: May 2023

Intergenerational conflict appears frequently in American public discourse, often framed as clashes between Millennials and Baby Boomers. Building on intergroup threat theory in an exploratory survey, a preregistered correlational study, and a preregistered intervention ( N = 1,714), we find that (a) Millennials and Baby Boomers do express more animosity toward each other than toward other generations (Studies 1–3); (b) their animosity reflects asymmetric generational concerns: Baby Boomers primarily fear that Millennials threaten traditional American values (symbolic threat) while Millennials primarily fear that Baby Boomers’s delayed transmission of power hampers their life prospects (realistic threat; Studies 2–3); (c) finally, an intervention challenging the entitativity of generational categories alleviates perceived threats and hostility for both generations (Study 3). These findings inform research on intergroup threat, provide a theoretically grounded framework to understand intergenerational relations, and put forward a strategy to increase harmony in aging societies.
Using Web-Data to Estimate Spatial Regression Models
Authors: Arbia Giuseppe , Nardelli Vincenzo
Published: May 2023

Macro econometrics has been recently affected by the so-called ‘Google Econometrics’. Comparatively less attention has been paid to the subject by the regional and spatial sciences where the Big Data revolution is challenging the conventional econometric techniques with the availability of a variety of non- traditionally collected data (such as, e. g., crowdsourcing, web scraping, etc) which are almost invariably geo-coded. However, these unconventionally collected data represent only what in statistics is known as a “convenience sample” that does not allow any sound probabilistic inference. This paper aims at making aware researchers of the consequence of the unwise use of such data in the applied work and to propose a technique to minimize such the negative effects in the estimation of spatial regression. The method consists of manipulating the data prior their use in an inferential context.
Implementation of digital health interventions in rehabilitation: A scoping review
Authors: Pearce Louise , Costa Nathalia , Sherrington Catherine , Hassett Leanne
Published: May 2023

Objective

Digital health interventions have potential to enhance rehabilitation services by increasing accessibility, affordability and scalability. However, implementation of digital interventions in rehabilitation is poorly understood. This scoping review aims to map current strategies, research designs, frameworks, outcomes and determinants used to support and evaluate the implementation of digital interventions in rehabilitation.

Data sources

Comprehensive searches from inception until October 2022 of MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PEDro, SpeechBITE, NeuroBITE, REHABDATA, WHO International Clinical Trial Registry and the Cochrane Library.

Methods

Two reviewers screened studies against the eligibility criteria. Implementation science taxonomies and methods, including Powell et al.'s compilation of implementation strategies, were used to guide analysis and synthesis of findings.

Results

The search retrieved 13,833 papers and 23 studies were included. Only 4 studies were randomised controlled trials and 9 studies (39%) were feasibility studies. Thirty-seven discrete implementation strategies were reported across studies. Strategies related to training and educating clinicians (91%), providing interactive assistance (61%), and developing stakeholder interrelationships (43%) were most frequently reported. Few studies adequately described implementation strategies and methods for selecting strategies. Almost all studies measured implementation outcomes and determinants; most commonly, acceptability, compatibility and dose delivered of digital interventions.

Conclusion

The rigour of implementation methods in the field is currently poor. Digital interventions require carefully planned and tailored implementation to facilitate successful adoption into rehabilitation practice. To keep pace with rapidly advancing technology, future rehabilitation research should prioritise using implementation science methods to explore and evaluate implementation while testing effectiveness of digital interventions.
Differential association of cerebral blood flow and anisocytosis in APOE ε4 carriers at midlife
Authors: Dounavi Maria-Eleni , Mak Elijah , Swann Peter , Low Audrey , Muniz-Terrera Graciela , McKeever Anna , Pope Marianna , Williams Guy B , Wells Katie , Lawlor Brian , Naci Lorina , Malhotra Paresh , Mackay Clare , Koychev Ivan , Ritchie Karen , Su Li , Ritchie Craig W , O’Brien John T
Published: May 2023

Cerebral hemodynamic alterations have been observed in apolipoprotein ε4 (APOE4) carriers at midlife, however the physiological underpinnings of this observation are poorly understood. Our goal was to investigate cerebral blood flow (CBF) and its spatial coefficient of variation (CoV) in relation to APOE4 and a measure of erythrocyte anisocytosis (red blood cell distribution width – RDW) in a middle-aged cohort. Data from 563 participants in the PREVENT-Dementia study scanned with 3 T MRI cross-sectionally were analysed. Voxel-wise and region-of-interest analyses within nine vascular regions were run to detect areas of altered perfusion. Within the vascular regions, interaction terms between APOE4 and RDW in predicting CBF were examined. Areas of hyperperfusion in APOE4 carriers were detected mainly in frontotemporal regions. The APOE4 allele differentially moderated the association between RDW and CBF, an association which was more prominent in the distal vascular territories (p – [0.01, 0.05]). The CoV was not different between the considered groups. We provide novel evidence that in midlife, RDW and CBF are differentially associated in APOE4 carriers and non-carriers. This association is consistent with a differential hemodynamic response to hematological alterations in APOE4 carriers.
Prison Adjustment Among Military Veterans: The Impact of Traumatic Events, Service History, and PTSD
Authors: Morgan Mark Alden , Logan Matthew William , Wooldredge John , Hazelwood Andrea
Published: May 2023

Military veterans have been shown to differ demographically from non-veterans in the criminal justice system. However, relatively little is known about their psychological adjustment, institutional misbehavior, and the efficacy of programing received while incarcerated. Using data taken from a national sample of prison inmates, this study investigates how traumatic events experienced during military service can impact the intensity of negative affect among veterans. Additionally, we examine whether prison misconduct is influenced by military service history and the receipt of substance abuse treatment. Controlling for a host of relevant variables, our results indicate that traumatic events show a significant effect on psychological adjustment only indirectly through veterans who developed post-traumatic stress disorder and that misconduct is lower among those who received an honorable discharge. Overall, these findings suggest that the ability of veterans to resist adverse outcomes may depend on a variety of factors both within and outside the prison environment.
Examining Parking Choices of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Singh Mohit Kumar , Haouari Rajae , Papazikou Evita , Sha Hua , Quddus Mohammed , Chaudhry Amna , Thomas Pete , Morris Andrew
Published: May 2023

Raising parking charges is a measure that restricts the use of private vehicles. With the introduction of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs), the demand for parking has the potential to reduce as CAVs may not park at ‘pay to park’ areas as they are able to “cruise” or return home. However, it might not be financially feasible for them to return to their origin if the destination region is far away. Therefore, the question is: how could we develop parking policies in the CAVs era? To determine the best parking strategy for CAVs, four scenarios were tested in this paper: (i) enter and park within the destination area, (ii) enter, drop off, and return to the origin, (iii) enter, drop off, and return to outside parking and (iv) enter and drive around. Since real-world parking demand data for CAVs are not available, a simulation model of the road network in Santander (Spain) was employed to collect data on both CAV operations (e.g., conservative versus aggressive behaviors) and parking choices. Multinomial logistic regression model was used to identify the best parking option for CAVs. Performance indicators such as traffic, emissions, and safety were employed to compare the performance of a range of parking alternatives. It was found that the balanced scenario (i.e., combination of all parking choices) performs better with the greatest change in delay (around 32%). With 100% CAV market penetration, traffic crashes were reduced by 67%. This study will help local authorities formulate parking policies so that CAVs can park efficiently.
COVID-19 and Teleworking: Lessons, Current Issues and Future Directions for Transport and Land-Use Planning
Authors: Anik Md Asif Hasan , Habib Muhammad Ahsanul
Published: May 2023

Teleworking has been considered to be one of the emanating behaviors from the pandemic that may become long-lasting. Wider adoption of teleworking may fundamentally change urban mobility and spaces across cities. However, knowledge about the potential implications of teleworking on urban transport and land-use systems post-pandemic is limited. Through a comprehensive review of existing teleworking studies, this research identifies gaps in the literature, discusses major issues for exploration and suggests future research directions. It also explores ways to utilize teleworking as an effective travel demand management strategy. Analysis shows that teleworking has the potential to substantially change city landscapes and can assist in reducing traffic congestion, greenhouse gas emissions, and energy use. Priority areas for further research are identified, such as in-home activities, residential location choice, non-work trip patterns, and energy consumption decisions of teleworkers for a clearer understanding of the relationship between teleworking and urban systems. Analysis also reveals several planning and policy challenges surrounding teleworking, including digital divide, urban sprawling, and transformation of city centers, among others. To fully realize the benefits of teleworking, planners need to reconfigure community design principles to promote mixed-use, lively, and vibrant neighborhoods where people can both live and work. At the same time, governments should consider providing incentives to both organizations and employees with an aim to retain teleworking. Results of this paper will be highly beneficial to transport and land-use researchers, planners, and policy makers.
Incorporation of Pavement Dynamic Loading in Mechanistic–Empirical Design Frameworks
Authors: Said Izak M. , Al-Qadi Imad
Published: May 2023

A framework for incorporating dynamic loading in pavement design is introduced. The framework is composed of five main steps. Firstly, input parameters, such as traffic characteristics, material properties, and the pavement configuration, are determined. Both primary and secondary data were obtained from the literature in this step. Secondly, a database of critical pavement responses, used by AASHTOWare software’s transfer functions to calculate pavement damage, was built using advanced pavement finite element models after the loading input was defined. The database includes various pavement configurations, axle configurations (single and tandem), pavement material properties, temperatures, loading conditions, and tire types (single steering, dual, and wide-base). AASHTOWare’s transfer function predicts pavement damage from pavement responses and is used to calculate the international roughness index (IRI) in the third and fourth steps, respectively. Finally, the load spectrum is adjusted to incorporate roughness-induced dynamic loading once the IRI exceeds 95 in./mi. A simple analytical dynamic-loading model was developed, based on mechanistic truck–trailer results. The model is a function of the tire configuration, speed, and IRI. Multiple case studies were performed, considering various pavement configurations, material properties, average annual daily traffic values, and dynamic-loading percentiles. Results showed that dynamic loading had the most significant impact on fatigue life, followed by rutting potential. The AASHTOWare’s transfer functions were found to be insensitive to an increase in loading when considering thick-pavement structures. The outcome of this effort was validated using the measured and predicted IRI from the Specific Pavement Study sections, which are part of the Long-Term Pavement Performance program.
Assessment of the Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Emulsion–Cement Paste
Authors: Saidi Ahmed , Purdy Caitlin , Ali Ayman , Mehta Yusuf , Elshaer Mohamed , Decarlo Christopher
Published: May 2023

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the rheological and mechanical properties of emulsion–cement paste (ECP), which is generally formed during the mixing process of cold recycled mixtures. Forty-five combinations of ECP specimens were prepared at varying amounts of emulsion, cement, and water. Specimens were mixed using a low-shear mixer, then allowed to cure in an oven at 60°C for 72 h. The testing program for ECPs included multiple stress creep recovery, bending beam rheometer, linear amplitude sweep, penetration, and isothermal calorimetry tests. Statistical analyses were then conducted to assess the significance of the impact of ECP constituents on the low-, intermediate-, and high-temperature properties. Results showed that varying the proportions of emulsion, cement, and water significantly influenced the properties of ECPs. Higher cement and water contents improved the properties of ECP at high temperatures, but reduced their resistance to intermediate- and low-temperature cracking. Conversely, increasing the emulsion content improved the resistance of ECPs to fatigue and low-temperature cracking, while increasing their rutting susceptibility at high temperatures. The outcomes of this study provide more knowledge about the interactions among emulsion, cement, and water, which can be beneficial to the designers of asphalt mixtures that involve the use of emulsion, cement, and water, such as cold recycled mixtures.