bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geometria e educação infantil: um estudo de inspiração etnomatemática
Authors: Cimadon Ediana , Giongo Ieda Maria
Published: July 2019

O presente texto aborda um conjunto de resultados advindos de uma prática pedagógica investigativa realizada com crianças do Jardim B (Pré-escola) de uma Escola Municipal Infantil localizada no Rio Grande do Sul. Seu objetivo é problematizar os saberes que emergiram quando as crianças foram postas em contato com tarefas vinculadas às Noções Geométricas Espaciais. De cunho qualitativo e inspirações etnográficas, a investigação tem como referencial teórico-metodológico o campo da Etnomatemática, interessado em examinar questões sociais e culturais no âmbito do ensino. O material de pesquisa foi composto pelo diário de campo da professora/pesquisadora, gravações de vídeo, material produzido pelos estudantes, tais como desenhos, maquetes e construções. A análise efetivada sobre o material de pesquisa evidenciou que as crianças se utilizaram de diferentes estratégias para operar com noções de volume. Tal resultado pode ser produtivo para que saberes gerados nessa faixa etária possam ser problematizados com vistas à qualificação do ensino de Matemática na Educação Básica.
As configurações subjetivas de docência e suas transformações no decorrer da trajetória profissional
Authors: Resque Marciléa Serrão , Alves José Moysés
Published: July 2019

Apresentamos, no presente artigo, um recorte de uma pesquisa de doutorado, na qual objetivamos compreender as configurações subjetivas de docência e suas transformações no decorrer da trajetória profissional de um professor de ciências e biologia. Analisamos as informações a partir da perspectiva histórico-cultural da Teoria da Subjetividade de González Rey. Apoiados na epistemologia qualitativa, apresentamos um estudo de caso, organizado a partir das informações construídas por meio de complemento de frases, questionário aberto e entrevista individual. Os resultados apontam que diferentes configurações de sentidos subjetivos de docência são produzidas no decorrer o percurso profissional e estas estão profundamente enlaçadas às suas interações sociais, nos diferentes contextos em que o professor transitou, desde a infância. O referencial adotado possibilitou dar visibilidade ao sujeito concreto, em sua trajetória singular, o que costuma ser desconsiderado nas generalizações que resultam de uma abordagem do percurso docente por ciclos.
Análise estatística implicativa da tendência de abordagens do método de estudo de casos no ensino de ciências
Authors: De Freitas Ladjane Pereira da Silva Rufino , Campos Angela Fernandes , De Andrade Vladimir Lira Veras Xavier , Régnier Jean-Claude
Published: July 2019

Este estudo realizou uma análise da tendência de abordagens do método de estudo de casos no ensino das ciências, com especificação para o ensino de Química. Para tanto, realizou-se uma análise estatística implicativa em 71 volumes de oito periódicos de divulgação científica no campo da Educação em Ciências, no período de 2005-2015. A análise nos possibilitou observar importantes relações hierárquicas implicativas nas tendências de abordagem do estudo de casos nos trabalhos investigados, onde as áreas de conhecimento da Biologia e interdisciplinaridade aparecem mais nos trabalhos que utilizam o estudo de casos aplicado ao ensino, estando esse tipo de aplicação mais presente nos periódicos estrangeiros e no ensino superior, já a Matemática, Física e Ciências aparecem mais nos trabalhos que utilizam o método aplicado à pesquisa, com a Química na interface dessas duas utilizações. Estando ainda essa última utilização do método mais presente nos periódicos nacionais e no ensino básico. No ensino de Química o estudo realizado sugere a necessidade de implementação de práticas pedagógicas que utilizem a metodologia de estudo de casos em diferentes níveis de ensino.
"VIDUAS LIBERI" NA NOITE BRAGANTINA
Authors: Fernandes Daniel Dos Santos , Oliveira Karla Juliana Da Silva
Published: July 2019

Sempre em busca de novos caminhos, novas perspectivas libertárias, percorreu-se a noite bragantina almejando lugares com grupos que tinham como característica, uma forte consciência crítica ao modelo das estruturas do sistema capitalista, ou de qualquer tipo de sociedade opressora, um lugar em que se sentiria literalmente liberi...
APETRECHOS, JUVENTUDE E ORQUESTRA: RITUALIZAÇÕES, INTERAÇÕES E RESISTÊNCIA NO BOI DE MÁSCARAS FACEIRO
Authors: Palha Rondinell Aquino , Fernandes Daniel S.
Published: July 2019

Uma história de resistência cultural em São Caetano de Odivelas/PA contada através de imagens, ensaio musical e conversas. Os jovens integrantes da Orquestra Show do boi de máscaras Faceiro passam pela casa onde ficam os apetrechos do grupo, que favorecem a internalização da manifestação cultural até chegar ao quintal onde acontecem os ensaios. Chegam ao espaço de ensaio onde já tomam contato com uma atmosfera lúdica e hedônica, característica da manifestação dos bois de máscaras de São Caetano de Odivelas/Pa. Enquanto ensaiam, várias pessoas se integram ao cenário onde a cultura tem espaço, reforçando momentos de ritualizações e integrações características deste traço cultural dos odivelenses. As imagens foram captadas com uma câmera da marca Cannon, modelo T6. Assistia aqui.
Investigation of Tetanus Antibody Levels in Adults
Authors: ALKAN İlknur , ÖZTÜRK Cihadiye Elif , ÇALIŞKAN Emel , AKAR Nida
Published: July 2019

Aim: Tetanus is an acute and lethal disease caused by exotoxins named tetanospasmin produced by Clostridium tetani. Despite being vaccine-preventable, tetanus is still a toxic-infectious disease with high mortality. In this cross-sectional study, it is aimed to determine levels of tetanus anti-toxin IgG and factors affecting it in adults in the region.Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with patients applied to the blood sampling laboratory unit of Düzce University Hospital. Tetanus anti-toxin IgG Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay kits (Catalog number: EI 2060-9601 G, Euroimmun, Germany) were used for detection of tetanus antibodies. Those with tetanus anti-toxin IgG >0.1 IU/ml were considered immunized. Socio-demographic information of participants were collected using a questionnaire during blood collection.Results: Sufficient tetanus antibody was detected in 140 (39.3%) of 356 patients. Protective antibody ratios were found as 49 (70.0%) in 30-40 age group, 39 (54.9%) in 41-50 age group, 22 (31.0%) in 51-60 age group, 16 (22.2%) in 61-70 age group and 14 (19.4%) in >71 age group. Tetanus immunity ratios were significantly reduced with aging (p<0.001). Protective antibodies were found to be higher in the groups who had more education and who were vaccinated in adult ages for any reason than in the other groups (both p<0.001).Conclusion: It was thought that the childhood immunity should be reinforced with the booster doses during adulthood by routine tetanus immunization program. In addition, the high level of tetanus immunity in those with high educational level has shown the importance of education.
TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM TENTANG PENGGUNAAN UANG ELEKTRONIK DAN RELEVANSINYA TERHADAP LAHIRNYA FATWA DEWAN SYARIAH NASIONAL MAJELIS ULAMA INDONESIA
Authors: Alhusni Alhusni
Published: July 2019

Electronic money as a policy amid advances in banking technology and the demands of the needs of the community for alternative payment that is fast and safe. But behind these advantages, still as Muslims, it is necessary to know and ensure the views of Islamic law regarding the use of electronic money for payment transactions, transfers, cash withdrawals and refunds. By using the library research method, this paper discusses several issues including: First, how Islamic law views the use of electronic money. Second, the relevance of Islamic law to the fatwa of the National Sharia Council-Indonesian Ulema Council (DSN-MUI). Based on the findings and analysis conducted that the use of electronic money is permissible in Islamic law. Because transactions using electronic money are the same as transactions that previously developed in the banking system, such as credit cards. Even though the buyer and seller do not meet in person. However, in transactions using electronic money a joint "agreement" was found. Indirectly between the two agreed because there is no change between the price offered and the paid value, the buyer who wants to buy also knows the price in full. Various types of special payments such as e-toll, e-ticketing, e-parking, e-pospay and so on. Specifically in religious (Islamic) authorization in Indonesia, financial transactions enter the authority of the National Sharia Council-Indonesian Ulema Council (DSN-MUI). So the DSN-MUI fatwa is closely related to the contract process. Based on this, the use of e-money, at least fulfills four elements of contract in Islam, namely, contract of sale, contract of wadiah (safekeeping of goods / property), contract of ijarah (transfer of usufructuring rights) and contract of wakalah (surrender authority). So from this it can be concluded that the fatwa on electronic money issued by the DSN-MUI is very relevant.

Keywords: electronic money, Islamic law, DSN-MUI fatwa
PARTISIPASI PEMUDA KARANG TARUNA MAHARDIKA DALAM PEMBANGUNAN DESA JUBEL KIDUL KECAMATAN SUGIO KABUPATEN LAMONGAN
Authors: Fadli Ricki
Published: July 2019

Karang Taruna is expected to be able to change the new order in the institutional dimension. Significant changes following the flow of globalization and decentralization turned out to bring new, more open challenges in the community. Changes also often arise in organizing organizations as is usual for an organization that indeed continues to demand improvements along with the changes in society that occur. The aim of this study was to find out the participation of the youth of Mahardika Youth Organization in the development of Jubel Kidul Village, Jubel Kidul Subdistrict, Lamongan Regency. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with in-depth interviews with 9 respondents, observing and investigating data using additional instruments such as interview guide lists, recorders and stationery. The results showed that the youth participation of the Mahardika Youth Organization in village development was demonstrated through activities carried out by Youth Youth, such as village clean-up activities, providing street lighting to the Village, streaking shock lines (sleeping police), social activities, activities commemoration of religious holidays and village consultation activities and consensus meetings.

 Keywords: Partisipasi Pemuda, Pembangunan Desa, Karang Taruna.
PRINT MEDIA ECONOMIC-POLITICAL IDEOLOGY IN PREACHING FOREST AND LAND FIRES IN SOUTH OF SUMATERA 2016
Authors: Alfani Hendra
Published: July 2019

Print media coverage of land and forest fire control (karhutla) in the Daily Sumatera Ekspres, Sriwijaya Post and Koran Sindo discuss the reality that has been constructed in accordance with their interests. The three newspapers have their own news composition in discussing and constructing the reality of the forest fire control policy in South Sumatra. The difference arises in relation to business interests and political interests, these two interests are unable to avoid the three newspapers from partiality. The era of media capitalism makes mass media products, including news become commodities. This means that the discourse produced by the media is no longer focused on the interests of the audience as consumers, but discourse is directed at attracting market attention and obtaining economic benefits. Media idealism is increasingly eroded by the influence of the penetration of the ideology of capitalism. The ideology displayed by the mass media has an important influence in building views for certain goals to be achieved in its reporting.
The Relationship Between Perceived Psychological Control Self-Regulation Skills and Academic Motivations of Adolescents
Authors: KORKIN Özgenur
Published: July 2019

International academic literature emphasizes that a person keeps on
developing in his or her psychosocial stages. These developmental stages have
different characteristics like physiological and psychological. Adolescence is
one of these developmental stages and adolescence is a period of heightened
"storm and stress" is reconsidered in light of contemporary research.
Adolescence is a maturation period of sexual and psychosocial. Persons obtains
their autonomy, identity development and social harmony during adolescence
period. Developmental tasks that remain for adolescence also leads to a
changing in variability and balance in the family processes. Besides, parents realize
the idea that their children are growing up. Parents apply many different
parenting behaviors during the growth process of their children. One of these behaviors
is psychological control. Psychological control, that perceived by adolescent,
which is applied by parents, affects adolescent’s many behaviors. The main
purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationships between
perceived psychological control, self-regulation and academic motivation for
adolescent persons. Personal information form for demographics variables,
Psychological Control Scale, Perceived Self-Regulation Scale and Academic
Motivation Scale were used for collecting data. A total of 484 adolescents
participated in this study. Participants are student from 8 different high
school in Aydın. Because of the study we found that perceived psychological
control from parents effected academic motivation.
On the existence of fixed points in completely continuous operators in F -space
Authors: Dorokhov Alexander , Karpov Michael
Published: July 2019

This work is dedicated to the development of the theory of fixed points of
completely continuous operators. We prove existence of new theorems of fixed points of
completely continuous operators in F -space (Frechet space). This class of spaces except
Banach includes such important space as a countably normed space and Lp(0 < p < 1),
lp(0 < p < 1).
The set of regularity of a multivalued mapping in a space with a vector-valued metric
Authors: Zhukovskaia Tatiana , Pluzhnikova Elena
Published: July 2019

We consider multivalued mappings acting in spaces with a vector-valued metric.
A vector-valued metric is understood as a mapping satisfying the axioms “of an ordinary
metric” with values in the cone of a linear normed space. The concept of the regularity set
of a multivalued mapping is defined. A set of regularity is used in the study of inclusions in
spaces with a vector-valued metric.
Procedural interpretation of symbolic integration algorithms in MathPartner system
Authors: Korabelnikov Vyacheslav. A
Published: July 2019

The work is devoted to the development of a procedure library for the computer algebra system MathPartner. A software implementation of symbolic integration algorithms is being developed. The solution of the problem of symbolic integration is divided into three stages. At the first stage, the integrand is reduced to the form necessary for applying the Rish algorithm. A description is given of the corresponding procedures that reduce the integrand to an expression containing a finite set of arithmetic operations and compositions of logarithmic functions and exponentials, and also make a set of regular monomials. At the second stage, the integration of the fractional part of the integrand is performed. A description is given of the procedures that reduce the fractional part to the form required for the application of the integration algorithm. At the third stage, the polynomial part of the integrand is integrated. Procedures are obtained that allow, depending on the type of the integrand, to apply the appropriate integration algorithms. The appendix contains a description of the user’s language commands of the MathPartner system, which are designed to calculate integrals in symbolic form.
A LETALIDADE DOS ACIDENTES DE TRÂNSITO NAS RODOVIAS FEDERAIS BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Barroso Junior Gilvan Teles , Bertho Ana Carolina Soares , Veiga Alinne de Carvalho
Published: July 2019

A preocupação com a mortalidade por acidentes de trânsito tem crescido em todo o mundo, sendo um importante problema de saúde pública e a principal causa de morte entre jovens de 15 a 29 anos de idade (WHO, 2015). No Brasil, em 2016, aproximadamente 37 mil pessoas morreram em decorrência de acidentes de trânsito, das quais 6.400 (17%) vieram a óbito após ocorrências em rodovias federais. Tendo em vista a relevância dessas mortes, o objetivo do presente artigo é identificar os fatores associados à letalidade dos acidentes de trânsito nas rodovias federais brasileiras em 2016, considerando, além das características das vítimas, informações sobre o contexto de ocorrência desses eventos. Para tal finalidade, foi utilizado um modelo binomial de regressão logística. Os resultados indicam que, em média, as chances de um acidente detrânsito ser letal aumentam para indivíduos do sexo masculino, pedestres, com ocorrências na região Nordeste, aos domingos, durante a madrugada, nas curvas, nas áreas rurais e para vítimas com idades mais elevadas.
Aspectos semânticos dos verbos cognitivos deduzir e calcular no português
Authors: Barbosa-Santos Letícia de Almeida , Fortilli Solange de Carvalho
Published: July 2019

Este trabalho analisa os verbos cognitivos deduzir e calcular, a fim de identificar, dentre as acepções que os compõem, aquelas que se salientam em sua atuação como parênteses. Os aspectos teóricos relacionam-se à Gramaticalização (HEINE; CLAUDI; HUNNEMEYER 1991; HOPPER; TRAUGOTT, 1993; HIMMELMANN, 2004), e em trabalhos sobre a parentetização de verbos (GONÇALVES, 2003; CASSEB-GALVÃO, 2000; FORTILLI, 2015), associada ao comportamento semelhante ao de advérbios. Utilizaram-se ocorrências entre os séculos XIX a XXI, do Corpus do Português e do jornal Folha.com. Por meio da análise, são apresentados seus vários significados, delineando-se aqueles que os mantêm mais arraigados à expressão de mecanismos de cognição, exprimindo processos mentais específicos, e os que sustentam sua atuação como modais epistêmicos.
Numerais na língua Mehináku (Arawak)
Authors: De Felipe Paulo Henrique Pereira Silva
Published: July 2019

Nosso objetivo, neste trabalho, é apresentar uma breve descrição linguística do sistema numeral, ou seja, dos termos numéricos, na língua Mehináku (Arawak). Evidenciaremos, em especial, o modo de funcionamento do sistema de contagem nessa língua. Pela análise da língua Mehináku que fizemos até o momento, percebemos que essa língua apresenta 20 números, que correspondem aos dedos das mãos e dos pés, respectivamente, sendo somente três números autônomos e com radicais completamente distintos. São eles: pawitsa (um), mipiama (dois) e kamayukula (três). Todos os demais números são derivados destes primeiros. Mostraremos, ainda, informações relativas ao plural e ao coletivo, bem como os recursos neológicos criados pelos falantes da língua Mehináku para tratar de valores em dinheiro.
A descentralização do sujeito lírico em Micheliny Verunschk
Authors: Santana Édila de Cássia Souza
Published: July 2019

O presente artigo propõe-se a analisar o poema “Infibulação”, presente em Geografia íntima do deserto (2003), da escritora pernambucana Micheliny Verunschk. A partir da análise do poema, discutimos como se configura a intimidade na poesia de Micheliny, que se manifesta de maneira contrária à configuração presente na tradição, ao voltar-se para o exterior, projetando o sujeito lírico para fora de si (COLLOT, 2013). Nesse sentido, se estabelece a discussão do sujeito lírico descentrado que percorre outros espaços, outros objetos e propõe uma nova forma de estetização que problematiza as noções de subjetividade e de lirismo, mediante um novo olhar à luz de novas teorias. Uma poesia que opta pela exploração da linguagem, do mundo e das coisas e não do sujeito em si.
Entre a ciência e a diversão: análise comparativa de enunciados audiovisuais de divulgação científica e suas formas de diálogo com o público presumido
Authors: Silva Beatriz Amorim de Azevedo e
Published: July 2019

Neste artigo, busca-se investigar como enunciados audiovisuais de divulgação científica circulando em meio digital manifestam o fundo aperceptível de compreensão responsiva de seu interlocutor presumido, isto é, as relações que este trava com diferentes esferas e gêneros, a partir das quais adquire preferências e inclinações dentro da cadeia discursiva mais ampla. Para tanto, utilizamos os conceitos do Círculo de Bakhtin unidos aos preceitos metodológicos da análise comparativa de discurso, que nos mostraram diferenças entre os dois canais que seriam causadas, por um lado, pela variação na cadeia discursiva a que o interlocutor presumido tem acesso e à qual toma uma posição, e por outro, pelas diferentes estratégias empregadas pelo sujeito-autor, visando à didatização e ao apelo publicitário de seu enunciado.
O emprego de testes de factualidade em advérbios modais
Authors: Nagamura George Henrique
Published: July 2019

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo examinar a aplicação de testes de copredicação propostos por Saurí (2008) para classificação de advérbios modais no português brasileiro, seguindo a definição de modalidade proposta por Narrog (2005). A partir de enunciados extraídos do Córpus do Português (DAVIES, 2016), foram analisados três advérbios considerados modais em gramáticas descritivas: francamente, quase e obrigatoriamente. O resultado da análise aponta para os testes de copredicação como uma ferramenta possível para a classificação de advérbios modais, utilizando-se o conceito de modalidade como suspensão da factualidade, fornecendo critérios objetivos para sua determinação, ao mesmo tempo, permitindo a problematização desse conceito, avançando os estudos nesse campo.
Percepção auditiva de fronteiras de palavras e de clíticos fonológicos no Português Brasileiro
Authors: Silva Lilian Maria da
Published: July 2019

Este artigo analisa a percepção auditiva de fronteiras de clíticos fonológicos e de palavras prosódicas no Português Brasileiro. Para testar o quanto essas fronteiras são mais ou menos perceptíveis aos falantes nativos, desenvolvemos um experimento de percepção de fala a partir de sentenças formadas por estruturas cuja cadeia segmental correspondia, simultaneamente, à palavra prosódica e à estrutura de clítico e hospedeiro, como “encaixa” e “em caixa”, respectivamente. Como resultado principal, discutimos que a percepção de fronteiras de unidades linguísticas menores, como de sílaba e de palavra, está fortemente relacionada a aspectos fonológicos da língua.
Alçamento vocálico das vogais médias pretônicas iniciais na variedade do noroeste paulista
Authors: Do Carmo Márcia Cristina
Published: July 2019

Este trabalho analisa o alçamento das vogais médias pretônicas na variedade do noroeste do estado de São Paulo. Avança em relação aos estudos de Silveira (2008), Carmo (2009, 2013, 2014) e Carmo e Tenani (2013), por discorrer especificamente sobre o comportamento dessas vogais em contexto de início de vocábulo (cf. BISOL, 1981), como em [e]mergência ~ [i]mergência e [o]portunidade ~ [u]portunidade. Como arcabouço teórico, segue-se a Teoria da Variação e Mudança Linguística (LABOV, 2008 [1972]). O córpus desta pesquisa engloba 38 inquéritos do banco de dados IBORUNA (Projeto ALIP – IBILCE/UNESP – FAPESP 03/08058-6). Com a utilização do pacote estatístico Goldvarb X, observam-se comportamentos diferenciados das pretônicas /e/ e /o/ iniciais em relação ao alçamento, com taxas de 76,8% e 1,7%, respectivamente. Ademais, evidenciam-se resultados distintos aos de vogais médias pretônicas em contexto medial na mesma variedade (CARMO, 2013, 2014; CARMO; TENANI, 2013).
Expediente
Authors: Editorial Comissão
Published: July 2019

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Prolonged exposure as early intervention in an emergency department context: lessons learned from a terminated RCT.
Authors: Bragesjö Maria , Arnberg Filip , Andersson Erik
Published: July 2019

Objective
The main purpose of the trial was to test if a brief trauma focused cognitive-behavior therapy (prolonged exposure; PE) provided within 72h after a trauma could be effective in decreasing the incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), replicating and extending findings from an earlier trial. After a pilot study (N=10), which indicated feasible and deliverable study procedures and interventions, we subsequently launched an RCT with a target sample size of 352 participants randomized to either three sessions PE or non-directive support. Due to an unforeseen major reorganization at the hospital, the RCT was discontinued after 32 included participants.
Results
In this paper, we highlight obstacles and lessons learned from our feasibility work, relevant for preventive psychological interventions for PTSD in emergency settings. One important finding was the high degree of attrition: only 78% and 34% respectively came back for the two months and six-months assessments. There were also difficulties in reaching eligible patients immediately after the event. Based on our experiences, we envisage that alternative models of implementation might overcome these obstacles, for example, with remote delivery of both assessments and treatment, combined with multiple recruitment procedures. Lessons learned from this terminated RCT are discussed in depth.
Aspiration-Sclerotherapy Versus Laparoscopic De-roofing in the Treatment of Symptomatic Renal Cysts: A Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Xueling , Cao Dehong , Han Peizhen , Ren Zhengju , Wang Jia , Wei Qiang
Published: July 2019

Background: Renal cyst is prevailing around the world and symptomatic renal cysts are recommended to be treated in the EUA guidelines. Currently, aspiration-sclerotherapy (AS) and laparoscopic de-roofing (LD) are the main therapies of symptomatic renal cysts. This article aims to compare the clinical efficiency between them in the management of renal cysts through meta-analysis of comparative studies.
Method: A comprehensive literature search was performed by PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library to ascertain the relevant studies published up to March 2019. Articles with English full-text comparing aspiration-sclerotherapy and laparoscopic de-roofing in renal cyst treatment were included.
Results: Our searches of literature generated 6 studies (1547 patients incorporated) comparing AS with LD in the impacts of renal cyst therapy. Of these, 6 studies contained 1106 and 441 patients who were treated with AS and LD, respectively. The outcome of this meta-analysis indicated that although AS group had shorter treatment time (MD：-51.10; 95% CI：-73.01 to -29.20; p<0.01), radiological successful rate (RR: 0.64; 95%CI: 0.53 to 0.77) are higher in LD group, which also had less recurrence rate (RR: 4.96; 95%CI: 2.28 to 10.81; p<0.01). No statistically significant difference was showed in symptomatic successful rate (RR: 0.90; 95%CI: 0.79 to 1.03；P=0.13) and complications (RR: 2.11; 95% CI: 0.47 to 9.52; P=0.33).
Conclusion: In our meta-analysis, laparoscopic de-roofing is superior to aspiration-sclerotherapy in radiological successful rate and recurrence, but the treatment time is longer.
Evaluation of Effectiveness, Benefit Harm and Cost Effectiveness of Colonoscopy and Occult Blood Tests for an Organized Population-based Colorectal Cancer Screening in Austria
Authors: Jahn Beate , Sroczyn Gaby , Bundo Marvin , Mühlberger Nikolai , Puntscher Sibylle , Todorovic Jovan , Rochau Ursula , Oberaigner Wilhelm , Koffijberg Hendrik , Fischer Timo , Schiller-Frühwirth Irmgard , Öfner Dietmar , Renner Friedrich , Jonas Michael , Hackl Monika , Ferlitsch Monika , Siebert Uwe
Published: July 2019

Background: Clear evidence on the benefit-harm balance and cost effectiveness of population-based screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) is missing. We aim to systematically evaluate the long-term effectiveness, harms and cost effectiveness of different organized CRC screening strategies in Austria.
Methods: A decision-analytic Markov cohort model for colorectal adenoma and cancer with a lifelong time horizon was developed, calibrated to the Austrian epidemiological setting and validated. We compared four strategies: 1) No Screening, 2) FIT: annual immunochemical fecal occult blood test age 40-75 years, 3) gFOBT: annual guaiac-based fecal occult blood test age 40-75 years, and 4) COL: 10-yearly colonoscopy age 50-70 years. Predicted outcomes included: benefits as life-years gained [LYG], CRC-related deaths avoided and CRC cases avoided; harms as additional complications due to colonoscopy (physical harm) and positive test results (psychological harm); and lifetime costs. Tradeoffs were expressed as incremental harm-benefit ratios (IHBR, incremental positive test results per LYG) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios [ICER]. The perspective of the Austrian public health care system was adopted. Comprehensive sensitivity analyses were performed to assess uncertainty.
Results: The most effective strategies were FIT and COL. The IHBR to move from COL to FIT has an expected incremental unintended psychological harm of 16 additional positive test results to gain one life-year. COL was cost saving compared to No Screening. gFOBT was dominated by FIT. Moving from COL to FIT has an ICER of 15000 EUR/LYG.
Conclusions: Organized CRC-screening with annual FIT or 10-yearly colonoscopy is most effective. The choice between these two options depends on the individual preferences and benefit-harm tradeoffs of screening candidates.
Tissue-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 as compared to lower extremity artery disease.
Authors: Wieczór Radosław , Wieczór Anna Maria , Rość Danuta
Published: July 2019

Background

Chronic lower extremity artery disease (LEAD) involves progressive arterial narrowing manifested by intermittent claudication (IC). LEAD entails endothelial dysfunction and fibrinolytic disorders. The main objective of the present study was to analyze selected parameters of the fibrinolytic system in the blood of patients with symptomatic LEAD depending on clinical parameters.

Methods

The test group consisted of 80 patients with LEAD (27F/53M) with an average age of 63.5±9 years. The control group included 30 healthy, non-smoking volunteers (10F/20M), with their median age of 56±6 years. The research material comprised venous blood to determine concentrations of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA Ag), plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1 Ag) and D-dimer, fibrinogen and platelet count (PLT).

Results

Elevated concentrations of t-PA Ag and PAI-1 Ag as well as D-dimer and fibrinogen were found in the plasma of subjects with symptomatic LEAD. Various stages of the Fontaine classification demonstrated a gradual, statistically significant increase in the concentrations of fibrinogen and PLT count as the disease progressed. The subgroup of LEAD patients aged ≥ 65 years was reported to have significantly higher levels of D-dimer than the group of younger subjects. Besides, the LEAD group demonstrated: negative correlations between IC distance and fibrinogen concentrations, and PLT count, negative correlations between ABI at rest and concentrations of D-dimer and PLT count, and positive correlations between age and D-dimer levels.

Conclusion

High t-PA Ag concentrations in LEAD patients reflect damaged endothelium which comprises the main source of this factor. With high PAI-1 Ag levels, inactive fibrinolytic t-PA-PAI-1 complexes are formed. Increasing fibrinogen concentrations at the subsequent stages in accordance with the Fontaine classification, suggest a growing inflammatory condition. Elevated values of D-dimer reflect the aggregation of secondary fibrinolysis activation as the patient ages and along with impaired extremity vascularization manifested by the decreasing ABI.
Lymph node metastasis around the entrance point to recurrent laryngeal nerve in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Lv Tian , Liu Zhuoran , Yan Jiqi
Published: July 2019

Background

There were few reports on the lymph nodes of entrance point to recurrent laryngeal nerve (LN-epRLN) in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Therefore, we aimed to increase awareness of LN-epRLN.

Methods

A prospective analysis including 878 consecutive patients with PTC who underwent thyroidectomy from April 2016 to March 2017 was performed. We explored the surrounding tissue of entrance point to recurrent laryngeal nerve, during routine central lymph node dissection (CLND). The lymph node specimens were sent separately for routine histopathological examination, and the complications and follow-ups were recorded.

Results

LN-epRLN was found in 73 of the 878 patients and the metastasis rate was 3.76%. In univariate analysis, LN-epRLN metastasis was correlated with further central nodal metastasis, tumor location in the upper third of the thyroid and tumor multifocality.

Conclusions

LN-epRLN can be the site of metastasis of PTC. CLND scope should include the surrounding tissue of entrance point to recurrent laryngeal nerve. LN-epRLN metastasis in PTC is associated with tumor location in the isthmus or upper third of the thyroid, tumor multifocality and further central nodal metastasis.
The plasma levels of free melatonin is not associated with cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Li Jingwei , Ma Qiang , Liu Zhi-Wei , Liu Jie , Hu Shun-Ying , Jing Jing , Chen Yun-Dai
Published: July 2019

Background

Lower circulating levels of total melatonin is associated with adverse cardiovascular (CV) events in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. Free melatonin is easier to measure in clinical practice compared with total melatonin. Whether free melatonin is associated with follow-up CV events in AMI patients has not been determined yet.

Methods

A total of 732 consecutive AMI patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention between January 2013 and January 2015 participated in the study. Blood samples were collected as fast samples on the first morning after admission. The plasma levels of free melatonin were determined using non-extraction radioimmunoassays. The cox regression was used to explore the association between circulating melatonin and endpoints. The median follow-up was 31.6 months.

Results

Patients with high melatonin levels were more likely to be younger and to have poorer blood lipid control. Multivariate cox-regression analyses (adjusted for confounding variables) showed that one unit increase in log-transformed melatonin was not associated with increased risks of major adverse CV events (MACE, composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke and heart failure, hazard ratio [HR], 1.74; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94 to 3.21; p =0.078).

Conclusions

Higher free melatonin levels on the onset of AMI is not associated with MACE in AMI patients, independent of established conventional risk factors.
A Framework for Visualization and Analysis of Agronomic Field Trials from On‐Farm Research Networks
Authors: Laurent Anabelle , Kyveryga Peter , Makowski David , Miguez Fernando
Published: July 2019

An on‐farm research network is an organization of farmers that conducts agronomic experiments under local conditions. It is common that an elementary statistical analysis be conducted for individual studies. However, there is unexplored potential in detecting yield response variability patterns for better decision making. We developed a data‐analytics framework and web‐application program that allows users to analyze multiple studies that use a common protocol and can identify the conditions where an imposed treatment may or may not be effective. The development of this data‐analytics framework is needed to improve predictions at the farm level that can lead to more cost‐effective, sustainable and environmentally sound agricultural production. Data visualization is an important part of data‐analytics. In this paper, we have developed and tested a Bayesian hierarchical model that can be used to assess the general agronomic performance of different management practices. Decision making related to new management practices should be based on the complete evidence, local conditions and economic considerations. The web‐application includes dynamic data visualization features to enhance communication and sharing of information with the goal to reach a broader audience.

Core Ideas

We develop a data‐analytics framework and web‐application for on‐farm research trials.

A Bayesian hierarchical model quantifies the uncertainty in yield response.

The model helps assess alternative practices, products, and technologies among trial locations.

The framework provides a reactive break‐even economic analysis of alternative management practices.
Biochemical Characteristics and Allergenic Activity of Common Fungus Allergens
Authors: Li Lisha , Guan Kai , Zheng Song Guo
Published: July 2019

Fungi form a large kingdom with more than 1.5 million species. Fungal spores are universal atmospheric components and are generally recognized as important causes of allergic disorders, including allergic rhinitis, allergic rhinosinusitis, asthma, and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. The 4 genera which have the closest connection with allergic disorder are Cladosporium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium. The cDNA sequences of many fungi allergens and the amino acids involved in their immunoglobulin E binding and T-cell activation have already been elucidated. Until now, 111 allergens from 29 fungal genera have been approved by the International Allergen Nomenclature Sub-committee. This review mainly focuses on the biochemical characteristics and allergenic activity of important allergens from common environmental fungi.
Insect Allergens on the Dining Table
Authors: Jeong Kyoung Yong , Park Jung-Won
Published: July 2019

Edible insects are important sources of nutrition, particularly in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Recently, edible insects have gained considerable interest as a possible solution to global exhaustion of the food supply with population growth. However, little attention has been given to the adverse reactions caused by insect consumption. Here, we provide an overview of the food allergens in edible insects and offer insights for further studies. Most of the edible insect allergens identified to date are highly cross-reactive invertebrate pan-allergens such as tropomyosin and arginine kinase. Allergic reactions to these allergens may be cross-reactions resulting from sensitization to shellfish and/or house dust mites. No unique insect allergen specifically eliciting a food allergy has been described. Many of the edible insect allergens described thus far have counterpart allergens in cockroaches, which are an important cause of respiratory allergies, but it is questionable whether inhalant allergens can cause food allergies. Greater effort is needed to characterize the allergens that are unique to edible insects so that safe edible insects can be developed. The changes in insect proteins upon food processing or cooking should also be examined to enhance our understanding of edible insect food allergies.
Engineering of Exosomes: Steps Towards Green Production of Drug Delivery System
Authors: Sherif Abdelrahman Y. , Harisa Gamaleldin I. , Alanazi Fars K. , Youssof Abdullah M.E.
Published: July 2019

Targeting of therapeutic agents to their specific site of action not only increases the treatment
efficacy, but also reduces systemic toxicity. Therefore, various drug delivery systems (DDSs)
have been developed to achieve this target. However, most of those DDSs have several issues regarding
biocompatibility and environmental hazard. In contrast to the synthetic DDSs, exosome-based
natural carriers are biocompatible, biodegradable and safe for the environment. Since exosomes play a
role in intercellular communication, they have been widely utilized as carriers for different therapeutic
agents. This article was aimed to provide an overview of exosomes as an environment-friendly DDS
in terms of engineering, isolation, characterization, application and limitation.
Performance of a Modified In-House HIV-1 Avidity Assay among a Cohort of Newly Diagnosed HIV-1 Infected Individuals and the Effect of ART on the Maturation of HIV-1 Specific Antibodies
Authors: Alex Diviya , Raj Williams Tennison Inba , Sachithanandham Jaiprasath , Prasannakumar Swaminathan , Demosthenes John Paul , Ramalingam Veena Vadhini , Victor Punitha John , Rupali Priscilla , Fletcher Gnanadurai John , Kannangai Rajesh
Published: July 2019

Background:

Viral kinetics impact humoral immune response to HIV; antibody avidity testing helps distinguish recent (<6 months) and long-term HIV infection. This study aims to determine the frequency of recent HIV-1 infection among clients attending ICTC (Integrated Counselling and Testing Centre) using a commercial EIA, to correlate it with a modified in-house avidity assay and to study the impact of ART on anti-HIV-1 antibody maturation.

Method:

Commercial LAg Avidity EIA was used to detect antibody avidity among 117 treatment naïve HIV-1 infected individuals. A second-generation HIV ELISA was modified for in-house antibody avidity testing and cutoff was set based on Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis. Archived paired samples from 25 HIV-1 infected individuals before ART and after successful ART; samples from 7 individuals responding to ART and during virological failure were also tested by LAg Avidity EIA.

Results:

Six individuals (5.1%) were identified as recently infected by a combination of LAg avidity assay and HIV-1 viral load testing. The modified in-house avidity assay demonstrated sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 98.2%, respectively, at AI=0.69 by ROC analysis. Median ODn values of individuals when responding to ART were significantly lower than pre-ART [4.136 (IQR 3.437– 4.827) vs 4.455 (IQR 3.748–5.120), p=0.006] whereas ODn values were higher during virological failure [4.260 (IQR 3.665 – 4.515) vs 2.868 (IQR 2.247 – 3.921), p=0.16].

Conclusion:

This modified in-house antibody avidity assay is an inexpensive method to detect recent HIV-1 infection. ART demonstrated significant effect on HIV-1 antibody avidity owing to changes in viral kinetics.
Hafnium(IV) Chloride Catalyzes Highly Efficient Acetalization of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Bonilla-Landa Israel , López-Hernández Emizael , Barrera-Méndez Felipe , Salas Nadia C. , Olivares-Romero José L.
Published: July 2019

Background:

Hafnium(IV) tetrachloride efficiently catalyzes the protection of a variety of
aldehydes and ketones, including benzophenone, acetophenone, and cyclohexanone, to the corresponding
dimethyl acetals and 1,3-dioxolanes, under microwave heating. Substrates possessing acid-labile protecting
groups (TBDPS and Boc) chemoselectively generated the corresponding acetal/ketal in excellent yields.

Aim and Objective:

In this study. the selective protection of aldehydes and ketones using a Hafnium(IV)
chloride, which is a novel catalyst, under microwave heating was observed. Hence, it is imperative to find
suitable conditions to promote the protection reaction in high yields and short reaction times. This study was
undertaken not only to find a novel catalyst but also to perform the reaction with substrates bearing acid-labile
protecting groups, and study the more challenging ketones as benzophenone.

Materials and Methods:

Using a microwave synthesis reactor Monowave 400 of Anton Paar, the protection
reaction was performed on a raging temperature of 100°C ±1, a pressure of 2.9 bar, and an electric power of 50
W. More than 40 substrates have been screened and protected, not only the aldehydes were protected in high
yields but also the more challenging ketones such as benzophenone were protected. All the products were
purified by simple flash column chromatography, using silica gel and hexanes/ethyl acetate (90:10) as eluents.
Finally, the protected substrates were characterized by NMR 1H, 13C and APCI-HRMS-QTOF.

Results:

Preliminary screening allowed us to find that 5 mol % of the catalyst is enough to furnish the
protected aldehyde or ketone in up to 99% yield. Also it was found that substrates with a variety of
substitutions on the aromatic ring (aldehyde or ketone), that include electron-withdrawing and electrondonating
group, can be protected using this methodology in high yields. The more challenging cyclic ketones
were also protected in up to 86% yield. It was found that trimethyl orthoformate is a very good additive to
obtain the protected acetophenone. Finally, the protection of aldehydes with sensitive functional groups was
performed. Indeed, it was found that substrates bearing acid labile groups such as Boc and TBDPS,
chemoselectively generated the corresponding acetal/ketal compound while keeping the protective groups
intact in up to 73% yield.

Conclusion:

Hafnium(IV) chloride as a catalyst provides a simple, highly efficient, and general chemoselective
methodology for the protection of a variety of structurally diverse aldehydes and ketones. The major
advantages offered by this method are: high yields, low catalyst loading, air-stability, and non-toxicity.
Synthesis and Antitrypanosomal Profile of Novel Hydrazonoyl Derivatives
Authors: Santiago Natália N. , de Alcântara Giulianna P. , da Costa Juliana S. , Carvalho Samir A. , Barbosa Juliana M.C. , Salomão Kelly , de Castro Solange L. , Pereira Henrique M.G. , da Silva Edson F.
Published: July 2019

Background:

Approximately, 5-7 million people are infected with T. cruzi in the world,
and approximately 10,000 people per year die of complications linked to this disease.

Method:

This work describes the construction of a new family of hidrazonoyl substituted derivatives,
structurally designed exploring the molecular hybridization between megazol and nitrofurazone.

Results and Discussion:

The compounds were evaluated for their in vitro activity against bloodstream
trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi, etiological agent of Chagas disease, and for their
potential toxicity to mammalian cells.

Conclusion:

Among these hydrazonoyl derivatives, we identified the derivative (4) that showed
trypanocidal activity (IC50/24 h = 15.0 µM) similar to Bz, the standard drug, and low toxicity to
mammalian cells, reaching an SI value of 18.7.
Determination of Pyridostigmine Bromide in Presence of its Related Impurities by Four Modified Classical Least Square Based Models: A Comparative Study
Authors: Naguib Ibrahim A. , Abdallah Fatma F. , Emam Aml A. , Abdelaleem Eglal A.
Published: July 2019

:

Quantitative determination of pyridostigmine bromide in the presence of its two related substances;
impurity A and impurity B was considered as a case study to construct the comparison.

Introduction:

Novel manipulations of the well-known classical least squares multivariate
calibration model were explained in detail as a comparative analytical study in this research work. In
addition to the application of plain classical least squares model, two preprocessing steps were tried,
where prior to modeling with classical least squares, first derivatization and orthogonal projection to
latent structures were applied to produce two novel manipulations of the classical least square-based
model. Moreover, spectral residual augmented classical least squares model is included in the present
comparative study.

Methods:

3 factor 4 level design was implemented constructing a training set of 16 mixtures with different
concentrations of the studied components. To investigate the predictive ability of the studied models;
a test set consisting of 9 mixtures was constructed.

Results:

The key performance indicator of this comparative study was the root mean square error of
prediction for the independent test set mixtures, where it was found 1.367 when classical least squares
applied with no preprocessing method, 1.352 when first derivative data was implemented, 0.2100 when
orthogonal projection to latent structures preprocessing method was applied and 0.2747 when spectral
residual augmented classical least squares was performed.

Conclusion:

Coupling of classical least squares model with orthogonal projection to latent structures
preprocessing method produced significant improvement of the predictive ability of it.