bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modernization of rate policy of suburban passenger companies
Authors:   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Shmidt A. O.
Published: October 2020

The problem of the construction of a new system of rate-making in the suburban passenger transportation is described. The analyses of the present day rate systems is conducted. It determined such disadvantages as the absence of the systems flexibility, the record of the competitiveness with other means of transport and social fair pricing. Methods of the rate-making control of the suburban railway transport is researched basing on the multi-level optimization from the view point of its implementation to practical use of the suburban passenger companies. In spite of the correct rate-making conception this method forms socially unfair rates, lets passengers save on the payment of transportation due to «sectoring» the tickets between a rail line station. This can raise the unprofitability of the suburban companies. Moreover, the method of the competitiveness with alternative means of transport is produced, mostly, for the ground, but not on separated passenger correspondences. On the analyses of theory and practical work of the suburban companies the project of the calculating method of fair rates in the suburban lines is offered, which allows to work out a rate matrix for people, depending on their social and economical position in municipal structures of the regional service, the transportation expenses of a suburban company and a probable amount of a regional grant. The rate matrix creation is based on the principals of providing the social fairness. It is reached due to the use of kilometer-by-kilometer station-by-station rate-making type. A suburban company works within competitiveness, therefore the flexible rate policy contains an element of the market pricing to attract an extra passenger flow to the suburban trains. An algorithm of the rate matrix calculation is offered. It takes into account restrictions of the passengers’ solvent demands and the amount of grants with the competitive ability-related rates.
Features of rolling stock acceleration
Authors:   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Сулейманов Р. Я. , Падерина И. Б. ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT)
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the issue of acceleration of passenger electric stock. According to the traffic schedule, the trains are to have rapid acceleration and braking determined by the acceleration. In itself, great acceleration does not cause great inconvenience to passengers. But to provide comfort for passengers, limiting of acceleration build-up is required. At contact-rheostat control traction force is maintained by step change of starting rheostats resistance in accordance with the speed increase. This results in stepped changes of thrust force, respectively, to impulsive loads. At impulsive control of the traction drive there is a possibility of smooth increase of traction motors current value and, therefore, of the traction force. It was proposed to increase the armature current by the linear law with transition to a constant value at the end of the process. However, at the end of the process there is a traction force push similar to an ice slide. The most natural is to increase the thrust force according to the exponential law. For this purpose, an intensity set unit is introduced, which is to change the armature current according to the mentioned law at step-by-step change of the task from the driver controller in arbitrary sequence. In the control unit operating in analog mode, the exponential law is created when charging the condenser the voltage of which is determined by a differential equation and is supplied to the input of the armature current regulator. In the digital control form, a direct solution to the differential equation is impossible because of the constant change in the initial conditions under the action of the driver controller. Therefore, it is proposed to solve the equation by the digital Euler method, and to develop a special programming method.
Digitalization of traction rolling stock repairs
Authors:   JSC «NIITKD», Semenov A. P. , Kazarin D. V. ,   JSC «NPTS PROMTEH»
Published: October 2020

The article considers the approach to the mastering of modern digital technologies in the locomotive complex with regard to the tasks of increasing the controllability and, as a result, the efficiency of technological processes of maintenance and repair of traction rolling stock. The organizational, technical and technological solutions implemented in the first digital depot, created on the basis of the locomotive depot Vikhorevka of the East Siberian Traction Directorate of JSC «Russian Railways» (service locomotive depot Bratskoe of OOO «LokoTeh-Servis») are presented. Joint application of the complex of implemented solutions ensures implementation of the new technology of organization of locomotives maintenance and repair, feasibility of reaching the targets for readiness of the traction rolling stock for operation. Achieving efficiency of the technology built within the framework of the Digital Depot project is ensured by the universality of the repair position - all technological operations on locomotives maintenance and repair are performed at the digital universal repair position, including supercycle unscheduled works, are carried out in a single place without additional maneuvering. The universality of repair positions together with application of radio-controlled self-propelled traction unit with hybrid power plant increases the depot energy efficiency, reduces the expenses for maintenance of shunting locomotives stock and their total number, as well as allows to increase rhythmicity of locomotive repair. Implementation of transparent comprehensive information exchange between the process equipment of repair position, the systems for collecting, processing, analyzing data and information obtained in real time from on-board locomotive systems, monitoring and diagnostics systems applied during locomotive acceptance for repair, input and operation control, as well as at the stage of output control, provides the efficiency of control actions, objectivity of personnel performance discipline control and compliance with technical processes, increases the practical value of diagnostic data, which form the basis of qualitative repair and reliability of locomotives in operation.
Features of the logistic organization of multimodal Russia-China transportation
Authors:   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Samuylov Valeriy M. , Parshina Valentina Sergeevna ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Serov Kirill Dmitrievich ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT)
Published: October 2020

Modern transport logistics offers a lot of solutions allowing to deliver goods in an appropriate way. Multimodal transportation is quite institutionally complex. Features and main problems of mixed modes of transport in international traffic are discussed in this article. The description of the multimodal Russia-China transportation service of JSC «Russian Railways logistics» is also given.
Internal resources for improving the higher education quality
Authors:   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Chub Yana V.
Published: October 2020

The article analyzes the resources of the modern higher education system in the direction of improving the quality of student training for professional activities, including the railway transport. Gaps in educational programs between professional disciplines (technological) module and general subjects modules of the basic professional educational programs of Federal State Educational Standard of higher education. The identity of the structure of professional and any other (cognitive, household, socio-cultural, etc.) human activity is determined. The connection between rational activity and technological thinking is established. The author substantiates the proposals for the development of educational disciplines of the professional module and the module of humanitarian disciplines, based on the formation of rational technological thinking on the design and implementation of activities, which can be based on the orientation of students’ individual work to finding solutions to problems for life-sustaining activities.
Railway terminal in the future
Authors:   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Samuylov Valeriy M. , Medovshchikov Ilya A. ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Kargapoltseva Tatiana A. ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT)
Published: October 2020

The article provides a comparative analysis of international and Russian experience in the transformation of railway terminals. International practice places intermodality or functional compatibility of vehicles as the key element of the modern transport system in the framework of the “City-hub” “door-to-door” project. Specific examples of large intermodal stations in Europe and China are given. In Russia, the regulatory framework and most scientists focus on the reconstruction of existing railway station complexes and the creation of transport hubs based on them. Examples of transport interchange hubs in the city of Moscow are given. Based on the analysis, conclusions on the formation of intermodal transport interchange complexes in Russia are formulated.
Structural and technological solutions for roadway construction in the zone of permanently frozen soil
Authors:   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Skutina Olga L. , Skurihin Anton I. ,   Sverdlovsk managerical infrastructure board, Fedyanina Lyudmila V. ,   Sothern Ural Railroad
Published: October 2020

The article discusses the basic principles of roadway construction in the zone of permanently frozen soils, design solutions that allow to control thermal processes in the soils. A conceptually new design of the base for the upper structure of the track on permanently frozen soil is proposed. The design is based on the use of a horizontal naturally acting pipelike system and a plastic road. The advantages of this design are revealed.
The use of a high-power electronic switch in the deicing on the overhead line network using the pulse-resonance method
Authors:   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Galkin Aleksandr G. , Bunzya Andrey V. ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Lesnikov Dmitrij V. ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT)
Published: October 2020

The possibility of technical implementation for deicing of double contact wires by pulse-resonance method using a high-power electronic switch is evaluated. For a specific double-track road section of overhead line network, the parameters of the necessary step-down transformer operating in pulse mode and providing heating of the contact wires to positive temperatures are calculated. A possible range of changes in the current density of the contact wires, controlled by the relative pulse duration, is determined.
Strain-stress state in the breakaway zone of tank boiler welded seam taking into account the variable thickness of boiler shell ring
Authors:   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Arhipov Andrej V. , Kolyasov Konstantin M. ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT)
Published: October 2020

The article presents the results of theoretical studies of the strain-stress state in the breakaway zone of boiler shell ring. According to the developed analytical method, the refined results of the strain-stress state in the breakaway zone of tank boiler welded seam are obtained, taking into account the local thickening of the cross profile of the boiler shell ring.
Assessment of the reliability of the rectifi er unit on DC current traction substation
Authors:   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Pyshkin Anatolij A. , Lesnikov Dmitrij V. ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT)
Published: October 2020

At the operating domain of electrified DC current railways, rectifier units have been used since 1968, which use valves from class 8 to class 42, with a forward current from 200 up to 4000 amperes. Calculating the reliability of such units allows to determine the number of spare valves for the successful operation of the system. The article uses the theory of Markov processes of death and reproduction, described using the difference equations of A. N. Kolmogorov.
Comparative analysis of guard hoops strength of tank shells for transportation of hazardous freight
Authors:   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Smolyaninov Aleksander V. , Cherepov Oleg V. ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Kolyasov Konstantin M. ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Kiselyova Yekaterina V. ,   JSC “Ural railway car building design bureau” (URCBDB)
Published: October 2020

The article focuses on results of patent studies in strength of dispensing equipment, proving fits and input relief valve of tank shells for transportation of hazardous freight. Estimation schemes for strength analysis of guard hoops are given. The analysis of the stressed deformed state of guard hoops and their impact on tank shell strength is made. Recommendations on design choice are given.
Effective use of gas-turbine locomotives in the Middle Urals
Authors:   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Samuylov Valeriy M. , Nevolin Dmitry G. ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Pischikova Sofia A. ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT)
Published: October 2020

The history of gas-turbine locomotive building is reviewed in the article, the principal characteristics of gas-turbine locomotives are introduced, the analysis of using gas-turbine locomotives on the Sverdlovsk railway is conducted. The advantages, disadvantages and results of operation of ГТ1h-002 gas-turbine locomotive are given consideration.
Simulation of a motor vehicle portable device of passengers’ passive safety
Authors:   Ural state forest engineering university, Yuskaev Yuriy Y. , Raevskaya Larisa T. ,   Ural state forest engineering university
Published: October 2020

The article presents discussion of a portable passenger airbag of automobile back seats. The simulation resulted in the passive safety structure pattern, which is filled with air before movement and ensures three-side protection both in frontal and side bumpings.
ROMANCE LANGUAGES: HISTORY OF FORMATION AND CLASSIFICATION PROBLEMS
Authors:   Moscow state regional university, Solntseva Anna V.
Published: October 2020

This article deals with issues that arise when analyzing Romance languages. Firstly, the author investigates the problem of determining the number of Romance languages and their classification. In modern linguistics, these issues remain unresolved. The classification of Romance languages changed depending on what grounds were proposed to be taken as its basis. Moreover, the status of some Romance languages remains controversial, so different authors list a different number of Romance languages. Secondly, the article describes the process of Romance languages formation: an attempt is made to explain the similarities and differences observed between them. The main reason for the similarity of all Romance languages is their common source: the Vulgar Latin. The article indicates the following factors that influenced the process of divergence of Romance languages: 1) A different substratum upon which the Vulgar Latin was superimposed in the provinces of the Roman Empire. The substratum is a complex of features of a local native language dissolved in a colonizing language. 2) Different superstratum. The superstratum is a complex of features of the extinct language of the non-native population remaining in the original language. The most active superstrate was German. Inhabitants of the Romance area in different parts of Europe had to deal with different Germanic tribes. 3) Different adstratum. The adstratum is the mutual influence of neighboring languages due to the long coexistence of two languages. Unlike substratum and superstratum, both interacting languages continue to exist in this case. The different geographical position of peoples of the Romance area determined a specific adstratum typical of a particular Romance language. 4) The state of the Latin language by the time a given province was colonized. 5) Duration and degree of Roman influence.
ТHE PROBLEM OF LEXICOGRAPHY OF CULTURAL-LABELED LEXIC UNITS IN THE EDUCATIONAL DICTIONARY
Authors:   Yaroslavl higher millitary air defence college, Kramarenko Olga L. , Bogdanova Oxana Yu. ,   Yaroslavl higher millitary air defence college
Published: October 2020

The article deals with the present state and prospectives of modern learner’s lexicography cultural aspect. The problems of culturally marked lexical units vocabulary representation are considered, among which the main one is the problem of intercultural communication – the problem of the linguistic and communicants’ sociocultural codes commonality. Thanks to the modeling of the intercultural space of society in the dictionary form, it is possible to overcome barriers in the dialogue of cultures, which, in turn, contributes to the formation of a multicultural personality. The priority characteristics of educational dictionaries for both general and special purposes are given. To solve educational and didactic problems in the educational process, a special role is given to cultural dictionaries, providing an understanding of the relationship between language and culture. The article presents a relevant set of parameters presented to the organization of the microstructure of the vocabulary article of the educational dictionary. Certain restrictions on the selected language material have been identified in accordance with the educational orientation and addressing of the dictionary to a foreign language students. Of particular note is the problem of integrating phraseological units and proper names into the body of the educational dictionary that are not subject to direct translation and referring to equivalent forms. The results of the dictionary culturological commentary content analysis in interaction with other parameters, such as: etymological, historical marking, territorial and social affiliation of the commented culturally significant lexeme, are presented. The problems associated with the reflection in the linguistic dictionary of culturally marked lexical units are identified and ways to solve them are outlined.
ТHE ROLE OF EMOTIONS IN THE CREATION OF THE WORLD ARTISTIC TEXT PICTURE
Authors:   Dagestan state university, Magomedova Adigat N.
Published: October 2020

Human emotions and the mechanisms for their linguistic support has always been a subject of scientific research. A number of sciences studying the psychological phenomenon are Psychology, Physiology, Sociology, Philosophy, Ethics, Medicine, Biochemistry, Linguistics, Literary criticism. Obviously, the variety of positions and approaches is due to the abundance and the disorder of terminology in the problem of emotions. The ability of a person to experience emotions can be described in many ways – psychological reality, mental state, inner state, an emotional activity. The comparison of positive and negative emotions reveals both common and distinctive properties. However, positive emotions are never long lasting, but the negative emotions very long, prone to summation and more frequently than positive emotions, form a semantic complex that is a collection of images associated with the situation that gave rise to strong emotional experience. While updating one of the elements of this complex leads to the introduction into the consciousness of the other elements and, ultimately, brings to life a whole range of negative emotions, and when repeated calls to complex negative emotions they every time more increasing (growing sadness, anger and fear increase). But positive emotion lives by itself, and, being once called on any matter, the repetition of this circumstance does not occur or occurs in a reduced form. Emotive language is traditionally studied taking into account such categories as evaluation, expressiveness, imagery and its connection with the rating are particularly close. The pairing of emotion and appreciation do not lose their relevance. The article illustrates the analysis emotive vocabulary in the disclosure of the conflict on the example of the extract from the American novel by Theodore Dreiser.
IVAN BUNIN: PEERING INTO FACES (RUSSIA THE DAY BEFORE AND AFTER OCTOBER)
Authors:   Institute of philosophy of Russian academy of sceinsies, Nikolsky Sergey A.
Published: October 2020

The purpose of the article is an attempt to study how the writer-philosopher Ivan Bunin saw the Russian person and Russia itself on the eve and after October, 1917. For this purpose, the author analyzed important features characteristic of a number of works of Bunin's artistic philosophy, which are concentrated in the journalistic essays «The Damned Days», the story «Village» and the autobiographical novel «Life of Arsenyev». In the article, Bunin's method of analysis is compared with the methods of analysis of his contemporaries – Anton Chekhov, Maxim Gorky and Andrei Platonov with Bunin's analysis: the manner of seeing a particular person is compared with the Chekhov's manner of a benevolent sad observer, confident in the inevitable immutability of what is happening, Gorky's sympathetic empathy for the persecuted, combined with an undisguised hatred of the persecutors, as well as a number of writing tools characteristic of Platonov's realistic phantasmagoria. It is shown that Bunin's manner of philosophical and artistic reflection, still poorly studied, allows the reflecting reader not only to see the characteristic human features usually hidden behind external actions, but also to perceive the writer's assessments and deep philosophical meanings reflected in them. Bunin's special writing style is not only a product of literary methodology. It is a unique way of perception and analysis of the surrounding world materialized in philosophical and artistic works, characteristic of a rare social type of artist – an aristocrat who valued honor and nobility above all else in Russian literature and disappeared after October, 1917.
SOVIET BEING: RELIGIOUS DETERMINANTS AND IMAGES OF MODERN TIMES
Authors:   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after K. D. Ushinsky, Eremin Alexandr V.
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the religious foundations of Soviet life in the context of their interaction with the images of the new Soviet era. The paper substantiates the thesis that the civilizational specificity of Russia, which is based on Orthodox determinants, has become the basis for building the Soviet value-normative system. Turning to the concept of religiosity put forward by E. Durkheim, the author comes to the conclusion that Soviet society was inherently religious, based on archetypal determinants, which created the specificity of Soviet being. The author develops the ideas of P.Ya. Danilevsky to identify and analyze civilizational paradigms, traces their influence on the understanding of power, society, and man. Characterizing the civilizational determinants that existed in the cultural matrix of Soviet being, the author focuses on the peculiarities of the Orthodox world outlook, proving the idea that Soviet ideals and values are a new format of Orthodox imperatives that existed despite religious persecution and antichurch policies. The fundamental Orthodox imperative that determined the historical and cultural dynamics of Russian society, according to the author, was the conciliarity and unity of society, which was placed above the interests of the individual. For Soviet being, this imperative became decisive and was reflected in the ideas of collectivism and solidarity of the Soviet people. The paper concludes that civilizational determinants in new forms were further developed, especially in the period of 30–40s. XX century during the cult of personality I.V. Stalin.
MYTHOLOGIZATION OF THE BASIC CONCEPTS OF THE HEROIC EPIC IN THE SOVIET CINEMA OF THE 1930S AND 1950S
Authors:   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after K. D. Ushinsky, Tirahova Varvara A.
Published: October 2020

The article analyzes the mythologization of epic images of heroes and enemies, visual space, plots and motives in the domestic cinema of the Stalinist period. The author notes that due to the availability of plots, sometimes naive, but very expressive imagery, and the vastness of the means of artistic expression, the film language has become one of the most popular metalanguages of Soviet mass culture. The Russian cinema of the 1930s and 1950s is conventionally designated, by analogy with the content of the material embodied, «the heroic epic of Soviet culture», not only at the level of content, but also of form. The transformation of existing images and the introduction of new images into the cultural code of the epic can be interpreted as mythologization, that is, the deformation of meaning, according to R. Barth, in which the appearance of these characters is perceived by the viewer as familiar and organic. In the course of analyzing the films, C. The author comes to the conclusion that many epic concepts of the heroic, folk epic formed the basis of the Soviet mythosystem almost unchanged (images of the cultural hero, monster, enemy). The image of the ruler undergoes transformation, while in the folk epic the ruler can act as an antagonist of the hero, in the Soviet cinema of the Stalinist time the image of the ruler is clearly idealized, often through the introduction of the image of the traitor and the transfer of guilt for the cruelty and mistakes of the ruler to it. Thus, the cultural code of the Russian epics includes an idealized image of the ruler, a characteristic image of an internal enemy, a traitor, relevant to the ideology and internal politics of that time.
BAROQUE PLATONISM AND ROCOCO ARISTOTELISM IN INDEPENDENT RUSSIAN CULTURE
Authors:   Russian state humanitarian university, Markov Aleksandr V.
Published: October 2020

In modern Russian culture, Platonism and Aristotelianism were normally opposed not only as philosophical, but also cultural programs. The paper proves that this resulted from an understanding of different media and art styles as frames of cultural practices. Baroque style alluded to Platonism, as symbolic and sublime, and requiring the routine work of old media, and Rococo style to Aristotelianism, as ephemeral and requiring any intervention of new media. In the poetry of Russian samizdat, the need to deal only with typewriting, which was understood as weak and not able to achieve largescale circulations, this conception of Baroque and Rococo was very intensive. Baroque in this case was conceptualized as the idea «life is a dream», as a grand empire style, as an immersion in illusion, as a result, images of the ship and sailing became central to the understanding of the Baroque. Moreover, the old media were understood here as false, if they could never be perceived in such a «dream», they turned out to be carriers of outdated information that does not correspond to the existential experience. Whereas Rococo was understood as pathetic adherence to everything ephemeral, as the use of artistic conventions supported by a new type of media, and thus as a way to return truth to art, as the truth of direct experience, not mediated by ready-made symbols. Such a confrontation differs from the usual Russian controversy of symbolism and acmeism, while both «baroque» and «rococo» are found within the same work, and in many verses of the leading poets of Samizdat the dispute between the two programs occurs within the same poem. Thus, the question of the relationship between Platonism and Aristotelianism is solved as structure-making, not within the framework of the struggle of aesthetic parties or groups.
THE PHENOMENON OF WAR IN THE AESTHETICS AND ARTISTIC CREATIVITY OF N. S. GUMILYOV
Authors:   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after K. D. Ushinsky, Bukareva Natalja Ju. , Malaya Olga E. ,   Kostroma state agricultural academy
Published: October 2020

This article shows the genesis of N. S. Gumilyov's worldview through the analysis of his works, in which the poet comprehends the theme of war. The initial enthusiastic perception of war is explained by the poet's adherence to the adamistic concept of peace. The article reveals the main ideas of this concept. The authors assume that it essentially resembles the phenomenological reduction of E. Husserl, since the «new Adams» advocated the cleansing of man from the alluvial crust of «reflections and doubts». The change in the attitude of N. Gumilyov's approach to World War I and, as a result, the transformation of its artistic image in his poems and prose, is motivated by the poet's collision with reality and the realization that war, regardless of its nature and the reasons that caused it, is terrible in principle, since it takes human lives. As a result of changes in the perception of war in general and the transformation of Christian symbols in military lyrics: if in verses the military «cycle» it shows the faith of the author in a war in God's path, the path of transformation of man, and hence the world, then later heard the idea that instead of God in the soul of man there is godlessness, the war made a violent man, deprived of faith. Consequently, in the later poems of the military «cycle», N. S. Gumilyov's rejection of the adamistic concept of war is obvious.
THE FEATURES OF THE EMBODIMENT OF THE FAMILY THEME IN THE NOVEL BY L. N. TOLSTOY «RESURRECTION»
Authors:   Kostroma state university, Andreeva Valeria G.
Published: October 2020

The article analyzes the family theme in the novel «Resurrection», examines the attitude of Leo Tolstoy towards the ideal family, the image of which in the work, in comparison with the previous work of the writer, only insignificant corrections associated with the idea of the role of the family in the spiritual ascent of man. The author of the article addresses the dispute between Tolstoy and Dostoevsky about Russian families, which unfolded in the 1870s. and shows that in the last novel, Tolstoy makes extensive use of the previously unacceptable image of a random family, described by Dostoevsky in the Writer's Diary and the novel Teen. The gallery of random families presented in «Resurrection» includes both noble families and families from the people, allows Tolstoy to enlarge the national crisis that unfolded in Russia at the end of the 19th century, to show its all-encompassing nature. The writer not only exposes the power, state and judicial systems, he shows how a lie accompanies a person coming from a random family, makes him incapable of compassion. The article examines numerous realizations of the family theme in the novel, analyzes the images of characters who are capable and not capable of family life, as well as the path of the protagonist, who in the final of the work not only approves the highest Divine laws as a guide for life, but also meets the example of a real family. contrasting with all previously presented random families. The author of the work demonstrates how, as the novel progresses, Nekhlyudov's life is getting closer and closer to the big popular world, correlates with the fate of the country – Nekhlyudov becomes a truly epic hero.
«FILLING IN THE GAP BETWEEN SOUND AND WORD»: ACOUSTIC IMAGE-MAKING IN B. AKHMADULINA’S LYRICAL POETRY
Authors:   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after K. D. Ushinsky, Kuchina Tayjana G.
Published: October 2020

The article analyzes relations between the sound and the word in the image-bearing system of B. Akhmadulina’s lyrical poetry. Among the acoustic objects in the poetess’ works one may discover sounds of natural environmental phenomena, as those of rain, of dripping water, cock’s crowing, etc., as well as the audible strata of culture (sounds of music, singing, or gramophone play). Meaningfully, the audible natural world is often expressed by either comparing it with music, or metaphorically, associating it with human speech, or, ultimately, with a prophetic or even sacred word. Sounds of everyday life, as the click of an electric switch, or the squeak of an opening door, as a rule, lose their direct material meaning and acquire metaphorical and symbolic connotations. The acoustic background of everyday life in Akhmadulina’s lyrical contents is turned into the «speech» of ordinary objects and can be juxtaposed with the poetess’ word, the poet being responsible to endow space with a voice. Paradoxically, it cannot be achieved by music. For all the high density of Akhmadulina’s musical associations, she seldom describes them, more often than not in the majority of musical fragments there appears «the silent movie effect», when acoustic means of the performed music is represented via its visual analogs, while musical instruments are needed only metaphorically or as means of comparison. Real sounds, those that will acquire actual meaning serve as blood emphatic accents which turn into ‘bleeding speech’. It is only then that the gap between the sound and the word dies away. The process of extracting the sound is hard and almost always painful. Still, that is the only way of overcoming the existing noise which claims the word’s space, and thus saves the object from namelessness. It is only the poet’s living voice that is able to give speech its identity and credibility. It is only by extreme effort that one can give name to the existing matter. Only by saying it aloud can you come into contact with Truth.
ETHNOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVE OF N. S. LESKOV «FROM ONE TRAVEL DIARY» IN LINE WITH THE ‘ОWN – АLIEN’ PARADIGM
Authors:   Brjansk state university named after academician I. G. Petrovsky, Golovacheva Olga A.
Published: October 2020

The article examines the words that are relevant for the conceptual picture of the world, created by the great master. Leskov, opposition of lexemes of the paradigm «friend or foe». The linguistic means used by the publicist to depict the national character of Russians and others, in particular, Poles, demonstrate the main characterological features of both «ours» and «strangers». The publicist in his assessments is convincingly objective, which is clearly demonstrated by the illustrative material. The relevance of the work lies in the fact that the little-studied work is being investigated, the author's intention is determined, clearly explicated or requiring a reader's «decoding», which is typical for the texts of N. S. Leskov. The function of lexical and phraseological units within the framework of the «friend» / «alien» correlation in a travel essay about foreigners, taking into account many components, incl. historical plan, allow the reader to form his own view of the Russian and foreign mentality, national character as an objective given, as well as the specifics of the text of N. S. Leskov. The essay «From a travel diary» served as the material.
TRADITIONS OF STUDYING THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AT SOUTHWEST UNIVERSITY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE LANGUAGE POLICY OF THE PRC
Authors:   Southwestern University of China, Kazmina Olga A. , Kou Xiaohua ,   Southwest University of the People's Republic of China
Published: October 2020

The article is researching origins of the study Russian language in China, the “boom” of the Russian language and Russian-Soviet culture in the 1950s. in the PRC, their “disgrace” during the “cultural revolution” and the “second spring of rapid development” after 1978. The object of the study is the language policy of the PRC, the main emphasis is on the analysis of the study of the Russian language in the city of Chongqing and Southwestern University (SWU), where the Russian language as a bachelor degree major was open in 1950, and then underwent a new birth in 2010. Attention is paid to the study of the formation and development of the Faculty of the Russian Language of SWU in retrospect, the names of teachers, including Soviet citizens, who were at the origins of Russian studies at the university are indicated, and a large amount of statistical data is provided. The main purpose of this article is to analyze the productive work of the Faculty of the Russian Language, reopened in 2010. The article presents positive trends in improving the methodological, educational, scientific, extracurricular work of the faculty, as a result of improving the quality of teaching and students' knowledge. The perspectives of conjugation of the “Belt and Road” initiative with the development of language policy in China are assessed. A conclusion is made about the development potential in the field of international cooperation and international exchanges of the Faculty of the Russian Language of SWU.
«ZEMSTVO TEACHER» PROGRAM: PAST AND PRESENT
Authors:   MBI «Ethnocultural Center of the Pryazhinsky National Municipal District», Seppyanen Tatiyana P. , Lushnikova Tatjana V. ,   Dmitrievskaya secondary school of the Danilovsky district of the Yaroslavl region
Published: October 2020

The article discusses the tasks and prospects of implementing the state program «Zemstvo teacher», provides the main criteria for competitive selection of candidates, provides statistics on the implementation of the program in certain regions of the country, demonstrating the interest of teachers in the program. The comparative historical and pedagogical analysis of certain provisions of the program «zemstvo teacher» with experience of Zemstvo institutions in the XIX-XX centuries. Special attention is paid to the personality of the Zemstvo teacher, his moral qualities, selflessness, dedication to his work, evidence, historical facts of difficult working conditions and life of teachers are provided. It is noted that despite the low level of equipment in rural schools, lack of textbooks, lack of premises for classes, education was developed in the Russian hinterland, the number of schools and students was increased, educational training was transformed, and there was training in crafts. Examples are given of the fact that the activities of Zemstvo teachers were not limited to teaching subjects in the classroom, but extended to educating the population as a whole, setting up reading rooms, lodging houses, shelters for the destitute, assistance and assistance to the poor. Historical Parallels are illustrated by local examples of school work in the modern Republic of Karelia and the former Olonets province, as proof, excerpts from documentary sources are given, and the views of different authors are compared. In the final part, the author presents the opinions of modern teacherscientists on the need to take into account the historical experience of rural teachers of the past, draws conclusions about the features of the situation of modern rural teachers and their role in the development of rural society. The author emphasizes the need for comprehensive support of a modern zemstvo teacher, the creation of meaningful, sociopsychological, organizational-pedagogical and socio-economic conditions, the organization of support and support services, and the experience of organizing pedagogical communities on the example of the Yaroslavl public organization «Leaders of rural schools».
META-SUBJECT EDUCATIONAL PRACTICES IN A RURAL SCHOOL: LESSON OF METHODOLOGICAL ORIENTATION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF PHYSICS)
Authors:   MKEI secondary school in settlement Loyno, Talanova Galina D. , Korshunova Olga V. ,   FSBEI HE «Vyatka State University»
Published: October 2020

Existing federal state educational standards of general secondary education require meta-subject results achievement. It causes reasonable didactic problems for teachers of all subjects. Despite the rather long period of school educational process implementation by new standards in regulatory way, the problem of the formation and evaluation of meta-subject results is far from a praxeological solution, so the search for effective educational practices that bring educational subjects closer to achieving the goal remains relevant. А rural school with a number of favorable educational process characteristics that determine the integrative processes inside and outside of school education, provides new peculiar options for organizing students’ meta-subject activity to summarize by a corresponding section of pedagogical science and practice. The purpose of the study is to describe the best practices of teaching physics in the context of the formation and evaluation of meta-subject results. Practices are based on developing concepts and ideas of modern education, in particular, needs for a) students to master the methodology of scientific knowledge in the way of a cycle of «facts – problem – hypothesis – model – conclusions – sequences – criteria-based experiment» (concepts of V. V. Multanovsky, V. V. Mayer, V. G. Razumovsky, Yu. A. Saurov); b) learning of the most general categories or universals, connecting students' perceptions of the world into a holistic picture (in our case, the category of symmetry); c) a value attitude formation to human cognition of the world and the search for appropriate meanings. The course of the study is reflected in the presentation logic from a review of the basic theoretical research concepts in this education area and also physics methodology to a generalized conclusion about meta-subject educational practices in a rural school and the presentation of this practice specific example – a physics lesson on the topic «Symmetry is around us and at the core of everything». Results, presented as an interpretative characteristic of a lesson with methodological orientation and its specific model can be useful for physics teachers, chemistry teachers and biology teachers of general-educational organizations, teachers of vocational education organizations methodologists in the field of natural sciences, professionaldevelopment systems for natural science teachers and their retraining.
Como será o amanhã?
Authors: Pismel Adriana Cattai , Paniz Flávia Xavier Merlotti , Sacramento Jonatan , Camargo Kelly Cristina de Moraes , Tresoldi Maria Caroline Marmerolli
Published: October 2020

Carta do Comitê Editorial para o dossiê "Práticas Médicas e Terapêuticas".
Morphology of rat brain neurons in subtotal ischaemia and introduction of L-NAME and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Bon Lizaveta , Maksimovich Natalia Ye. , Zimatkin Sergey M.
Published: October 2020

Introduction. Cerebral ischaemia leads to the development of numerous morphofunctional disorders of the cerebral cortex, which can be exacerbated by the introduction of a Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), which is a non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS).
Aim. To study the morphological features of rat brain neurons in subtotal ischaemia during the administration of L-NAME and naturally occurring omega-3 polyunsaturated docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).
Material and Methods. Subtotal cerebral ischaemia was modelled in rats by ligation of both common carotid arteries. L-NAME and DHA were given individually or in combination to separate groups of rats. L-NAME (5 mg/kg) was administered intramuscularly immediately before ligation and DHA (5 mg/kg) intragastrically during the week before ligation.
Results. The introduction of DHA alone had a corrective effect on the hippocampus under conditions of subtotal ischaemia, reducing the number of shadow cells and hyperchromic wrinkled neurons, without significantly affecting the size and shape of the neurons of the parietal cortex. However, the previous administration of DHA to rats with cerebral ischaemia receiving a NOS inhibitor did not abrogate the negative effects on the state of the neurons in the cerebral cortex.
Conclusion. The administration of DHA can modulate the morphological disorder of the hippocampus which occurs in subtotal cerebral ischaemia.
False-negative Molecular Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 in Samples with Amplification Inhibitors
Authors: Fruehwirth Marcelo , Rivas Açucena Veleh , Fitz Andressa Faria Rahyn , Batista Aline Cristiane Cechinel Assing , Silveira Cleypson Vinicius , Delai Robson Michael
Published: October 2020

Although rRT-PCR is the gold standard method for SARS-CoV-2 detection, some factors, such as amplification inhibitors presence, lead to false-negative results. Here we describe differences between rRT-PCR results for SARS-CoV-2 infection in normal and diluted samples, simulating the need for dilution due to amplification inhibitors presence. Viral RNA extraction of nasopharyngeal swabs samples from 20 patients previously detected as 'Negative' and 21 patients detected as 'Positive' for SARS-CoV-2 was realized with the EasyExtract DNA-RNA (Interprise®). rRT-PCR was realized with OneStep/COVID-19 (IBMP) kit with normal and diluted (80µl of H₂O RNAse free) samples, totaling 82 tests. The results indicate that there is an average variation (ɑ < 0.05) delaying Cq between the amplification results of internal control (IC), N Gene (NG), and ORF-1ab (OF) of 1.811 Cq, 3.840 Cq, and 3.842 Cq, respectively. The extraction kit does not completely purify the inhibitor compounds, therefore non-amplification by inhibitors may occur. In this study, we obtained a 19.04% false-negative diagnosis after sample dilution, and this process reduces the efficiency of rRT-PCR to 29.80% for detecting SARS-CoV-2. Knowing the rRT-PCR standards of diluted samples can help in the identification of false-negative cases, and consequently avoid a wrong diagnosis.
Coupling and Recoupling of Binaries in Chaotic Three-Body Systems
Authors: Venkatesh T.S. Sachin
Published: October 2020

Three body systems in which one of the bodies is ejected without escaping the binary system have previously been studied in various restricted forms. However, none of these studies dwells on the problem in a general setting. Thus, to study this phenomenon qualitatively, we try to expand this problem's scope to unequal mass systems and generalize them by considering various configurations of fixed initial points with precisely calculated initial velocities, some zero velocity models and some optimized models. We will see the use of terminology similar to the previous studies done in this domain but incorporate different analytical and evaluation methods.
KESIAPAN KOTA MADIUN TERHADAP PENERAPAN KONSEP KOTA KREATIF GASTRONOMI
Authors: Herawati Devy , Astuti Winny , Rini Erma Fitria
Published: October 2020

Kota Madiun yang sering dikenal dengan kota pecel, merupakan kota yang memiliki potensi besar di bidang kuliner. Industri kuliner merupakah salah satu aktivitas ekonomi utama masyarakat di Kota Madiun. Potensi tersebut mendorong Pemerintah Kota Madiun untuk menerapkan konsep kota kreatif gastronomi di Kota Madiun. Hal tersebut juga didorong oleh peran Kota Madiun sesuai yang telah direncanakan oleh Pemerintah Jawa Timur sebagai hinterland atau pusat aktivitas ekonomi untuk daerah sekitarnya. Namun dalam persiapannya masih ada kendala yang dihadapi. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis kesiapan Kota Madiun terhadap penerapan konsep kota kreatif gastronomi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan analisis skoring skala Likert. Analisis skoring dilakukan pada masing-masing parameter. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Kota Madiun termasuk dalam kategori cukup siap untuk diterapkan konsep kota kreatif gastronomi. Hal ini diketahui dari adanya beberapa variabel yang termasuk dalam kategori siap, yaitu industri kreatif dan komunitas kreatif. Hasil akhir penelitian yang didapatkan menyatakan bahwa ketidaksiapan variabel-variabel tersebut disebabkan oleh kurangnya dukungan pemerintah dan pelaku industri untuk menciptakan lingkungan kota yang mampu mengembangkan ide-ide penduduk Kota Madiun dalam penerapan konsep kota kreatif gastronomi.