bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Encuentro Internacional de Hábitat Sostenible Biocasa 2004.
Authors: Espinosa López Rodolfo , Thomas Bohorquez Javier Enrique , Salcedo Hurtado Elkin De Jesús , Orozco Cañas Cecilia
Published: July 2017

En la actualidad, contamos con dos miradas relacionadas con la ciudad y el territorio, que favorecen el cumplimiento de los objetivos del Encuentro Internacional Biocasa 2004:Primera: Ha ganado fuerza la perspectiva optimista de habitar la ciudad.Segunda: Se han debilitado las teorías que difundieron la idea de muerte al territorio.De tanto tratar la ciudad desde sus conflictos y situaciones críticas, se llego a pensar que, en sí misma, constituía la fuente directa y fundamental de nuestros principales problemas. Se olvido que la ciudad nació como conquista de la humanidad y que, desde el siglo pasado, los asentamientos urbanos albergan la mayor parte de la población mundial. Siendo así, no es la ciudad, si no el tipo de ciudad que estamos construyendo, lo que se debe cuestionar.
La violencia del mundo
Authors: Martínez Toro Pedro Martín
Published: July 2017

El texto se divide en dos capítulos a saber <> ensayo de Baudrilard y <> el ensayo de Morín.En la primera parte Baudrilard Inicia su planteamiento intentando tomar distancia expresa de lo que el llama sentimientos de odio y contra-odio, de la dicotomía entre el bien y el mal. Su tesis central pasa por reconocer el atentado del 11 de septiembre del 2001 a las torres del World Trade Center (WTC) como hecho fundamentalmente simbólico <<Habrá que suponer, pues, que el hundimiento de las torres –evento único en la historia de las ciudades modernas- prefigura una forma de culminación dramática y, a la vez del sistema mundial que ella encarna. En su pura modelización informática, bancaria, financiera, contable y numérica, las torres eran en cierto modo su cerebro y, golpeándolas, los terroristas han golpeado el cerebro, el centro neurálgico del sistema>>.
Las nuevas condiciones del espacio europeo.
Authors: Czerny Miroslawa
Published: July 2017

¿Con cuántos estados cuenta hoy Europa? Esta pregunta dirigida a un ciudadano común y corriente con seguridad puede meterlo en problemas. Es de esperar también diferentes respuestas de diversas personas. Al fin y al cabo es una pregunta de nivel escolar y su respuesta debería ser inmediata. Pero sin embargo es esta una pregunta realmente simple? En la Universidad esta cuestión es objeto de discusión académica, pues tiene que ver con otra: ¿Qué entendemos por estado nacional? Y, ¿de qué modo definimos Europa? ¿Acaso la respuesta debe de concretarse únicamente a los territorios que han sido reconocidos como estados independientes en los foros internacionales? O bien, podemos incluir a las unidades administrativas que, de forma unilateral, proclamaron su soberanía y fueron reconocidas por otros Estados (y si esto es así, ¿cuáles?). Por otra parte, ¿podemos incluir dentro del grupo de estados europeos a las republicas caucásicas que, en su momento, fueron parte la Unión Soviética? Y, ¿Qué hacer con Turquía que intenta ser miembro de la Unión Europea? En pocas palabras, volviendo a la pregunta: ¿Dónde empieza y dónde termina Europa? Junto a esto surge otra importante cuestión: ¿realmente los actores más importantes del mapa político actual de Europa son estados soberanos? ¿o bien no son sino regiones?. Estas, en apariencia, simples preguntas esconden en si mismas una serie de problemas fundamentales relacionados con el espacio y la identidad europeos. Para responde es necesario recorrer muchos caminos, por los cuales se ha conformado el escenario europeo actual.
Planificación de Cuencas Hidrográficas. Algunos principios básicos. Caso de la Cuenca del Rí­o Cali.
Authors: Buitrago Bermúdez Oscar
Published: July 2017

Tradicionalmente se ha visto la planificación de las cuencas hidrográficas como una herramienta estratégica para la protección de los recursos naturales y en especial el agua. La cuenta hidrográfica del rio Cali tiene varias particularidades que deberán ser tenidas en cuenta a la hora de formular su plan de ordenamiento y manejo; se destacan en el artículo:La presencia de una ciudad con altas tasas de crecimiento y en camino de consolidar su área metropolitana,Y que su área es compartida, para efectos de gestión ambienta, entre tres instituciones (Corporación Autónoma Regional del Valle del Cauca, Parque Nacional Natural Los Farallones de Cali y el Departamento Administrativo y de Gestión del Medio Ambiental de la ciudad de Cali, las cuales tienen diferentes intereses y responsabilidades) y dos municipios (Santiago de Cali y Yumbo), que dificultan los procesos y la conciliación de intereses. Otro criterio fundamental para el ordenamiento y manejo de la cuenca encontrar mecanismos para ajustar cargas y beneficios que consideren los diferentes niveles de uso de los recursos, especialmente el agua.
El planeamiento corporativo del espacio en la región concentrada: caso del Área metropolitana de Sao Paulo (Brasil).
Authors: Pacheco de Rezende Jeferson Hugo , Rizzi Carlos Alberto
Published: July 2017

Este artículo pretende analizar la organización del espacio por las acciones corporativas y elegir algunas de las solidaridades complementarias y fundamentales a los sistemas de ingeniería actuantes en el espacio metropolitano de la ciudad de Sao Paulo El estudio del espacio geográfico es realizado a través de la interpretación de los textos de Milton Santos sobre las acciones de los agentes de la globalización en la llamada Región Concentrada, que dice respecto a  la principal región económica del país.Se analizan las intencionalidades que impulsarán los proyectos de las prótesis territoriales y de las acciones que los rodean, que provienen de los actores responsables directa e indirectamente en sus transformaciones.Palabras clave: región, territorio, identidad, acciones corporativas, espacio.
Nuevos espacios para tomas de tierra en Cali, Colombia.
Authors: Uribe Castro Hernando
Published: July 2017

En Cali, durante los años ochenta del siglo XIX, se terminó la construcción de un dique o jarillón para evitar las inundaciones de los ríos Cauca y Cali, con el que se pretendía la recuperación de tierras. No solo las áreas recuperadas con esta obra fueron presa de la ocupación legal e ilegal, sino que el mismo dique también se vio ocupado. Todo ello frente a una Administración Municipal pasiva, que poco se interesó en el asunto y que trató de responder casi veinte años después, sin efectividad. De 100 personas asentadas sobre este dique en los años ochenta, se pasó a 36 mil en el 2005.
Combinación de bandas óptima para la discriminación de sabanas tropicales, usando imágenes Landsat ETM
Authors: Santana Rodriguez Luis Marino , Salas Rey Francisco Javier
Published: July 2017

Algunos autores han encontrado problemas de discriminación entre las clases de ocupación del suelo presentes en sabanas tropicales, al utilizar imágenes Landsat. Este trabajo de investigación indaga acerca de la combinación de bandas más apropiadas, entre seis distintas, para diferenciar dichas clases en un sector de sabanas colombianas, utilizando una imagen Landsat ETM+. Las combinaciones incluyen las bandas espectrales no térmicas (combinación de referencia), a la que secuencial e individualmente se le adicionaba una imagen de entropía obtenida de la banda 4, el primer componente principal de todas las bandas, los componentes verdor y brillo de la transformación Tasseled Cap y el índice de vegetación NDVI. Inicialmente se utilizó análisis discriminante por pasos para clasificar los niveles digitales de 352 puntos distribuidos de forma aleatoria en la imagen, considerando las clases de cobertura y uso de la tierra presentes. Posteriormente se realizaron clasificaciones supervisadas, mediante el algoritmo de máxima probabilidad, utilizando las mismas combinaciones del análisis discriminante como en las clasificaciones supervisadas, dan cuenta que la mayor fiabilidad respecto a la combinación de referencias se logra adicionando la imagen de entropía a las bandas espectrales. Por tanto, el análisis discriminante permite seleccionar, entre muchas bandas, la combinación más adecuada para obtener la  mejor discriminación.
DINÁMICAS ESPACIO-TEMPORALES DE LA COBERTURA DE LA TIERRA EN CUATRO HUMEDALES EN EL DEPARTAMENTO DEL VALLE DEL CAUCA: EL TÍBER, COLINDRES, SANDRANA Y EL ESTERO
Authors: Castañeda Zuluaga Leidy Lorena
Published: July 2017

En este artículo, se realiza un análisis de los cambios multitemporales de la cobertura de la tierra en cuatro humedales del Departamento del Valle del Cauca (El Tíber, Colindres, Sandrana y El Estero), este proceso se realizó a través de la evaluación de fotografías aéreas con diferentes periodos de tiempo, y la aplicación de los sistemas de información geográfica -SIG- el cual permitió cuantificar y analizar de una manera más amplia y detallada los cambios que han presentado estos ecosistemas entre ellos: descenso del nivel freático, perdida del bosque natural, aparición de cultivos de caña de azúcar, ganadería, cultivos transitorios, perdida de la cobertura vegetal y finalmente construcción de carreteras. Sin lugar a dudas, este documento se convierte en un insumo importante para la toma de decisiones sobre protección y preservación, acción necesaria si se pretende resguardar los humedales del avance indiscriminado de los agro negocios en el Departamento del Valle del Cauca.
Entre la ficción y el documental
Authors: Niney François
Published: July 2017

El presente texto explora de manera minuciosa las relaciones entre el documental, el cine, la realidad y la ficción. Apoyándose en diversas películas y en diversos documentales, y en directores prestigiosos, se ejemplificarlas variadas formas que esas relaciones pueden adquirir: lo falso, el pastiche, la apariencia de falsedad o de verdad, la verosimilitud, la verdad, el objetivismo
The Effect of Vitrification of Oocytes Cumulus Complex Apoptosis of Mice (Mus musculus) to Apoptosis, Rate of Fertilization and Embryo Quality
Authors: Widjiati Widjiati , Aulanni’am Aulanni’am , Hendrawan Viski Fitri
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of cumulus oocyte complex (COC) after vitrification process
toward apotosis of COC, fertilization rate and embryo quality. Frozen occurs during the cold shock that can lead to
changes in the molecular level COC. These changes will affect the quality of frozen thawed oocytes after COC. The
study used two groups, There are COC not frozen and frozen COC. Parameter observed were apotosis of blastomere
cells, fertilization rate and embryo quality. Apoptosis of COC were observed with tunnel apoptec staining, fertilization
rates were measured based on number of zygotes and embryo quality were observed through number of blastocyst. The
data of apotosis of blastomere cells were analyzed by Kruscal Wallis. The result showed that the apoptosis number,
fertilization rate, and morula number between are significantly (p less than 0.05) between groups. The administration of frozen
COC increase number of apoptotic blastomer cells, decreased fertilization rate up to 51.1% and embryo quality up to
69.2 %. In conclusion, Frozen on COC increased apotosis of COC, decreased both of fertilization rate and embryo
quality. The embryo Frozen of vitrification is required in the ART technology necessary to add an antioxidant to improve
the fertilization rate and embryo quality
Comparative Study to Evaluate the Surface Detail Reproduction of Dental Stone after Immersion in Various Different Disinfectant Solutions, Under Stereomicroscope 10 X Magnification –An In-Vitro Study
Authors: Rai Rathika , Easwaran M. A. , Dhivya K. T.
Published: July 2017

Aim: To evaluate the surface detail reproduction of dental stone this is immersed in different disinfectant solution and
studied under stereomicroscope. Methodology: Total number of 30 specimens of dental stone (Type III) were made with
measurements of 1.5cm diameter and 1cm height .This samples are divided in to 3 groups group A,B,C. were A is immersed
in Distilled water which was taken as control group ;B is immersed in 2% Glutaraldehyde and C is immersed in 5%sodium
hypochlorite. Each specimen were immersed in the disinfectant solution for 15 minutes and dried under room temperature
for 24 hrs. After 24 hrs each specimens are studied under stereomicroscope for surface details. Result: The results showed
no significant difference in the surface irregularities and porosities for a group 1 and group 2 except group 3 which showed
significant increase in the porosities, surface irregularities and erosions after disinfection with 5% NaHOCl by immersion
method. Conclusion: The surface detail reproduction capacity of die stone was adversely affected when 5% Sodium
hypochlorite was used as disinfectant solution when compare d to control group and 2% Glutaraldehyde
The Utilization of Ftir (Fourier Transform Infra-Red) Method Combined with Chemometrics For Authentication of Indonesian Coffee Powder
Authors: A. Firmansyah , W. Winingsih , Y S Soebara
Published: July 2017

Analysis of natural product remain challenging issues for analytical chemist, since natural products are complicated system
of mixture. The most popular methods of choice used for quality control of raw material and finished product are high
performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS). The utilization of
FTIR-ATR (Fourier Transform Infrared-Attenuated Total Reflectance) method in natural product analysis is still limited.
This study attempts to expand the use of FTIR spectroscopy in authenticating Indonesian coffee powder.The coffee
samples studied were taken from nine regions in Indonesia, namely Aceh Gayo, Flores, Kintamani, Mandheling, Papua,
Sidikalang, Toraja, Kerinci and Lampung.The samples in the form of coffee bean from various regions were powdered .
The next step conducted was to determine the spectrum using the FTIR-ATR (Attenuated Total Reflectance) using ZnSe
crystal of 8000 resolution. Spectrum samples, then, were analyzed using chemometrics. The utilized chemometric model
was the principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). Based on the chemometric analysis, there are
similarities between Aceh Gayo coffee with Toraja coffee, Mandailing coffee, Kintamani coffee and Flores coffee.
Sidikalang coffee has a similarity to Flores coffee; Papua coffee has a similarity to Sidikalang coffee; Lampung coffee has
a similarity to Sidikalang coffee, while Kerinci coffee has a similarity to Papua coffee.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE ADOPTION OF ADAPTATION MEASURES TO CLIMATE CHANGE: A CASE STUDY IN HUONG PHONG COMMUNE, HUONG TRA TOWN, THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE
Authors: Hoa Bùi Thanh , Lợi Trần Hạnh , Phương Lê Thị Hồng , Tuấn Trần Hữu
Published: July 2017

In recent decades, changes in climate have caused impacts on natural and human systems on all continents and across the oceans. Vietnam generally and the coastal area in Thua Thien Hue province particularly is vulnerable to climate change and some extreme climate events. Adaptation is considered one of the best long-term strategies to community to better face with local extreme conditions and associated climate change. This study used Logistic regression model to determine factors influencing farmers’ decisions to adopt climate change adaptation measures. The results indicated that that age, years of schooling, years of farming experience of the household head, household size, ratio of number of farm labors to number of consumers, farmer’s access to extension services and adaptation measures, and the place where farmer lives factors significantly influence adoption decisions. From the results, some recommendations were derived to help farmers in the coastal area of Thua Thien Hue provinceadapt to climate change.
Organic food purchasing behavior of young consumers: the role of enviromental concern
Authors: Hằng Nga Nguyễn Thị
Published: July 2017

This research study focuses on factors which can affect purchasing behaviour of young customers with regard to organic food. Results from this study show that attitudes, perceived behavioral control, perceived consumer effectiveness and concern for self-image positively impact purchasing behaviour of highly environmental concern consumers. With respect to slightly environmental concern consumers their puchasing behaviour is not exposed to attitudes, perceived behavioral control, perceived consumer effectiveness and concern for self-image. Subjective norms positively affect consumer behaviour, regardless of whether the consumer is highly environmental concern or not. However, the effect of subjective norms on purchasing behaviour of low environmental concern consumers is greater than that of consumers with high environmental concern.
The social influence motivating middle-aged Germans to purchase sustainable clothes
Authors: Reich Andreas
Published: July 2017

This research aims to analyze the social influence motivating middle-aged Germans to purchase sustainable clothes. 267 respondents participated in this research. Two focus groups were divided. The first group is determined as individuals being interested and the second group not being interested in sustainable clothes. In the first part an indicator for a trend for sustainable clothes is detected. The second part analyzes the social needs and forces that are determined to be the independent variables of this conclusive research. The final part comprises of an open question to determine the popularity of certifications, which label sustainable clothes.

Findings highlight that 60.7% of the respondents are interested in sustainable clothes. The esteem needs are the most influencing. In contrast, the confirmation needs are the least influencing social forces. However, all three independent variables have great influence on the motivation to purchase sustainable clothes. The independent sample t-test with p values between 0.000 and <0.05 implies that there is a significant difference between both analyzed groups.

However, despite over 60% of respondents are interested in sustainable clothes, only 16.01% of the respondents were able to mention a certification label for sustainable clothes. This discovery leads to the knowledge that there is a lack of popularity of certification labels.

Key words: Social Influence, Motivation, Sustainable Clothes, Germany
SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY EVALUATION OF SOME DERIVATIVES SYNTHESIZED FROM CURCUMIN AND CURCUMIN ANALOG
Authors: Hoàn Dương Quốc
Published: July 2017

The acetohydrazides A5 containing an isoxazole ring and B5 containing an indazole ring were synthesized from the corresponding acetohydrazide derivatives with acetic anhydride in about 80% high yield. Also, two acetohydrazones B6 and B7 were driven from acetohydrazide B4 by condensation reaction. Bioactivity testes showed that none of them were active against on bacteria except acetohydrazones  B7 showing moderate reactivity against KB cancer cell line at IC50 = 57 mg/L.
Immediate rehabilitation with feeding appliance of a three day old neonate with cleft lip and palate- a case report
Authors: Kapoor Deepika , Garg Deepanshu
Published: July 2017

Orofacial clefts (OFC) are one of the most common congenital problems seen with a very high incidence. It imparts a negative effect on the overall health of the child by hindering in his feeding practices, normal facial growth, development of dentition and hence speech. Infants born with orofacial clefts have oronasal communication which creates a problem with the creation of negative pressure inside the oral cavity required for suckling.The treatment for such patients is with the multidisciplinary approach but the preliminary  concern for the neonate is to help with the feeding for which a feeding appliance is given. This case report presents a case of a 3-day old infant to whom a feeding appliance was given to aid in suckling.
Sclerotherapy for Oral Pyogenic Granuloma – A case report
Authors: Regmee Pragya , Rimal Jyotsna , Maharjan Iccha Kumar , Pandey Sushma , Niroula Deepa , Luitel Abhinaya
Published: July 2017

First described by Hullihen in 1844, Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a benign, exophytic vascular tumor. It is not infective, purulent or granulomatous but a reactive inflammatory mass of blood vessels with few fibroblasts within the mucosa or skin. Without any general agreement, there exist a variety of treatment options (complete surgical resection, cryosurgery, curettage, lasers etc). However, recurrence has been frequently reported.  Sclerotherapy in PG (a vascular tumor) is not as commonly reported as in cases of hemangioma.Herein, we present a case of twenty-eight years old female with a clinical diagnosis of PG, treated with intralesional sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS). Intralesional injection of 0.2 ml of undiluted STS was given for three visits between 10th of January and 21st of February 2016. The lesion healed completely at the patient’s fourth visit and recurrence was not reported till the patient was followed up for one year, i.e February 2017.
Comparison of External and Internal Injury in Cases of Fatal Blunt Trauma Head Injury Autopsied at Tertiary Care Centre in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Sah Bikash , Yadav Bishwanath , Jha Shivendra
Published: July 2017

Background & Objectives: Blunt trauma is more likely to be missed because clinical signs are less obvious in many regions of the body. This study was done with an objective to compare external and internal injuries of autopsy cases with fatal blunt trauma head injuries.Materials & Methods: This was a hospital based, cross sectional and analytical study done on the autopsy cases at B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (tertiary hospital in eastern Nepal) from 13th April 2012 to 13th April 2013 with Head injuries by blunt trauma with or without concomitant non-head injuries. The decomposed bodies and the bodies where cause of trauma could not be differentiated were excluded. Postmortem examination was conducted on all the cases and the injuries present on all the body parts were noted. Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score was given for each injury. Appropriate statistical tool was used to compare the AIS scores of external and internal injuries. The test of significance was fixed at p < 0.01. Results: The correlation of scalp injuries with that of skull fracture, intracranial hemorrhage, cerebral injury and overall internal head injury were 0.591, 0.772, 0.439 and 0.600 respectively and all these correlations were statistically significant whereas the correlation between concomitant external and internal non-head injuries is -0.092 which is statistically not significant.Conclusion: This study has shown a statistically significant positive correlation between external and internal blunt trauma head injuries but there is no statistically significant correlation between concomitant external and internal non-head injuries.
Patterns of palatal rugae as an indicator of identification in young adults of Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Ashish , Shrestha Sushmita , Marla Vinay , Agrawal Navin
Published: July 2017

Background & Objectives: The current study was conducted to identify and determine the association between gender and characteristics of palatal rugae in Nepalese population.  Materials & Methods: Characteristics of palatal rugae including number, length, shape, direction and unification were analyzed in 100 maxillary dental plaster casts.  Association between palatal rugae and gender were tested using chi square analysis and statistical descriptors were identified using SPSS 10.0 keeping the level of statistical significance at p<0.05. Results: A total of 997 rugae were traced. Females were found to have more rugae than males though statistically not significant. In the present study significant difference in secondary (p=0.012), fragmentary (p=0.005), straight (p=0.001) and perpendicular directed (p<0.0001) palatal rugae were observed, which were higher among females. Forward directed followed by backward were predominantly observed and more among females. Wavy followed by curved, straight and circular rugae was the most prevalent shape.Conclusion: No two individual had similar rugae pattern. They can be used to identify people and differentiate between males and females in addition to other tools of identification and has great application in forensic science.
Lipid profile in different grades of Ultrasonic Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Bhusal Khem Raj , Simkhada Rabindra , Nepal Pramod
Published: July 2017

Background & Objectives: This study was conducted with objective of studying the lipid abnormalities in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease diagnosed on the basis of ultrasound.Materials & Methods: Total 100 patients consisting of 67 males and 37 females diagnosed as Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on the basis of ultrasound were included in the study. Laboratory values of different lipid parameters were compared in different grades of these patients.Results: Out of total 100 cases, mild nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was found in 83 %, moderate in 17 % and severe in none of the participants. Age of the participants ranged from 26 to 79 years with mean being 45 ± 11.99 years. Presence of dyslipidemia was found in 94 % of the cases. Triglycerides, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein levels were raised in 59, 53, 72% of the cases respectively and High density lipoprotein level was decreased in 57% of participants. There was significant positive correlation of presence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with increasing levels of serum total cholesterol (P value <0.001), low density lipoprotein (P value <0.001) and triglyceride (P value <0.001) and significantly decreasing high density lipoprotein (P value <0.001). Whereas increasing grades of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease weren’t significantly associated with increasing level of lipid abnormalities.Conclusion: This study showed the high prevalence of dyslipidemia in non-alcoholic fatty liver patients. Early detection with simple non-invasive ultrasonography is very useful to detect dyslipidemic patients.
Evaluating Transportation User Costs Based on Simulated Regional Network Models
Authors: Twumasi-Boakye Richard , Sobanjo John O.
Published: July 2017

Bridges are important infrastructure and essential components of a transportation network. Temporary, long-term, and partial closures of bridges can result in enormous cost implications. However, bridge closures are inevitable not only because of the likelihood of hazard-induced damages but also because routine maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation activities may also warrant closures. It is current practice that vehicles are rerouted to the shortest alternative route during bridge closures (the detour approach). In this study, a scenario-based network approach for evaluating the impact of bridge closures on transportation user cost was undertaken and is proposed in this paper. Both the detour-based and network-based approaches were applied to the Tampa Bay, Florida, regional network model, and five bridge closure scenarios were considered. User costs were computed in terms of delay and vehicle operating costs. For closures to the I-275, Gandy, Highway 580, and West Courtney Campbell Causeway bridges, there were increases of about 42%, 18%, 61%, and 45%, respectively, in total user costs for the network-based approach compared with the current detour-only approach. These findings indicate that a significant network impact was captured by the network-based approach. The proposed method captures the effects of bridge closures on all road segments within the regional network jurisdiction; provides a more rigid framework for analysis by ensuring that user costs are computed efficiently but without overestimation; takes into account that road users may have advance knowledge of roadway conditions before trips and that this knowledge may significantly influence route choices; and provides sufficient information for agencies to implement preemptive measures to cater for network-level disruptions attributable to bridge closures.
Augmented Reality Technology: Application Fields and Communicative Aspects
Authors: Viršilaitė Rima , Davidavičienė Vida
Published: July 2017

In this article the augmented reality technology, its definitions,conception, application fields and its communicative aspects are analysed. Used research method – analysis and generalization of scientific literature. The main characteristics and conceptions of augmented reality are presented, also its unique communicative features emphasized, which can improve communication process. Analysis and generalizations presented in this article can be useful for the organizations seeking innovative communication solutions.
Investment Portfolio Formation Using Multi-criteria evaluation Method MULTIMOORA
Authors: Vaišvilas Vilius , Kaulienė Raimonda
Published: July 2017

Information that has to be analyzed by investors is complicated and can be interpreted differently by different people, which is why choosing what should be added to the investment portfolio is complicated task. Complexity grows substantially when there are more alternatives to choose from. Multi – criteria evaluation method can be used to choose the best alternatives. Multi–criteria evaluation method MULTIMOORA is not subjective because there is no need to decide ratio of any given variable that is evaluated. MULTIMOORA consists of: formation of ratio system, application of multi – criteria evaluation method as well as investment evaluation and ranking. Purpose of this article is to apply multi – criteria evaluation method MULTIMOORA for the formation and management of investment portfolio from stocks of the Baltic stock market companies. Methods used in the analysis for the article: analysis of scientific literature, statistical analysis, organization and comparison of data, idealization, calculations of MULTIMOORA.
Evolution of a Pulsar Wind Nebula within a Composite Supernova Remnant
Authors: Kolb Christopher , Blondin John , Slane Patrick , Temim Tea
Published: July 2017

The interaction between a pulsar wind nebula (PWN) and its host supernova remnant (SNR) can produce a vast array of observable structures. Asymmetry present within these structures derives from the complexity of the composite system, where many factors take turns playing a dominating hand throughout the stages of composite SNR evolution. Of particular interest are systems characterized by blastwave expansion within a nonuniform interstellar medium (ISM), which contain an active pulsar having a substantial “kick” velocity (upward of 300

km

s

−
1

), because these systems tend to produce complex morphologies. We present a numerical model that employs these and several other factors in an effort to generate asymmetry similar to that seen in various X-ray and radio observations. We find that the main parameters driving structure are ISM uniformity and total pulsar spin-down energy, with secondary contributions from factors such as pulsar trajectory and initial spin-down luminosity. We also investigate the dynamics behind PWN “tails,” which may form to link active pulsars to a crushed, relic nebula as the reverse shock passes. We find that the directions of such tails are not good indicators of pulsar motion, but direction does reveal the flow of ejecta created by the passage of a reverse shock.
A New Target Object for Constraining Annihilating Dark Matter
Authors: Chan Man Ho
Published: July 2017

In the past decade, gamma-ray observations and radio observations of our Milky Way and the Milky Way dwarf spheroidal satellite galaxies put very strong constraints on annihilation cross sections of dark matter. In this paper, we suggest a new target object (NGC 2976) that can be used for constraining annihilating dark matter. The radio and X-ray data of NGC 2976 can put very tight constraints on the leptophilic channels of dark matter annihilation. The lower limits of dark matter mass annihilating via

,

, and

channels are 200 GeV, 130 GeV, and 110 GeV, respectively, with the canonical thermal relic cross section. We suggest that this kind of large nearby dwarf galaxy with a relatively high magnetic field can be a good candidate for constraining annihilating dark matter in future analyses.
Detection of Polarized Infrared Emission by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the MWC 1080 Nebula
Authors: Zhang Han , Telesco Charles M. , Hoang Thiem , Li Aigen , Pantin Eric , Wright Christopher M. , Li Dan , Barnes Peter
Published: July 2017

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous in astrophysical environments, as revealed by their pronounced emission features at 3.3, 6.2, 7.7, 8.6, 11.3, and 12.7 μm commonly ascribed to the C–H and C–C vibrational modes. Although these features have long been predicted to be polarized, previous searches for PAH polarization led to null or, at best, tentative detections. Here we report the definite detection of polarized PAH emission at 11.3 μm in the nebula associated with the Herbig Be star MWC 1080. We measure a polarization degree of 1.9% ± 0.2%, which is unexpectedly high compared to models. This poses a challenge in the current understanding of the alignment of PAHs, which is required to polarize the PAH emission but thought to be substantially suppressed. PAH alignment with a magnetic field via a resonance paramagnetic relaxation process may account for such a high level of polarization.
Heating of an Erupting Prominence Associated with a Solar Coronal Mass Ejection on 2012 January 27
Authors: Lee Jin-Yi , Raymond John C. , Reeves Katharine K. , Moon Yong-Jae , Kim Kap-Sung
Published: July 2017

We investigate the heating of an erupting prominence and loops associated with a coronal mass ejection and X-class flare. The prominence is seen as absorption in EUV at the beginning of its eruption. Later, the prominence changes to emission, which indicates heating of the erupting plasma. We find the densities of the erupting prominence using the absorption properties of hydrogen and helium in different passbands. We estimate the temperatures and densities of the erupting prominence and loops seen as emission features using the differential emission measure method, which uses both EUV and X-ray observations from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory and the X-ray Telescope on board Hinode. We consider synthetic spectra using both photospheric and coronal abundances in these calculations. We verify the methods for the estimation of temperatures and densities for the erupting plasmas. Then, we estimate the thermal, kinetic, radiative loss, thermal conduction, and heating energies of the erupting prominence and loops. We find that the heating of the erupting prominence and loop occurs strongly at early times in the eruption. This event shows a writhing motion of the erupting prominence, which may indicate a hot flux rope heated by thermal energy release during magnetic reconnection.
ANALYSIS OF THE α-RENYI ENTROPY AND ITS APPLICATION FOR MEDICAL IMAGE REGISTRATION
Authors: Pan Meisen , Zhang Fen
Published: July 2017

In this paper, the [Formula: see text]-Renyi entropy and [Formula: see text]-Renyi-based mutual information (RMI) are first introduced. Then the influence of the parameter [Formula: see text] on the curve of the RMI and the computational load of image registration are discussed and analyzed to explore the appropriate parameter ranges. Finally, the RMI with the appropriate parameter [Formula: see text] is viewed as the similarity measure between the reference and floating images. In the experiments, the Simplex method is chosen as the multi-parameter optimization one. The experimental results reveal that the proposed method has low computational load, fast registration and good registration accuracy. It is adapted to both mono-modality and multi-modality image registrations.
Simulation of Extrusion of Tubes with Outer Heavy Ends
Authors: Afanasyev Alexander E. , Kargin Vladimir R. , Kargin Boris V.
Published: July 2017

Computer simulation of expansion of tubes by extrusion was performed. Deflected mode analysis was described. Influence of collar taper angle, radius of rounding in interface of conical and cylindrical sections of mandrel, geometry of blank on deformation behavior of tube during expansion was determined.
Effect of Annealing Treatment on Die Filling Rate of Mini Gear in Squeezing Forming Process
Authors: Huang Tsung Han , Jiang Cho-Pei , Grechnikov Fedor V. , Erisov Yaroslav A.
Published: July 2017

The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of annealing treatment on mechanical properties and deformability of titanium alloy to form mini gear in squeezing process. Diameter of experimental specimen was 5mm of Grade 2 Ti alloy. It was annealed with temperature in a range of 500 to 1000 °C, resulting in different initial grain sizes. The mechanical properties and hardness of annealed specimens were obtained by means of tensile and micro-hardness test. In addition, a modulus of mini gear die was 0.92 and made of h13 steel. The annealed specimens were inserted in die and squeezed into mini gear. The experimental results show that microstructure of α-phase precipitates when annealing temperature reaches to 600 °C and hold time was 3 hours. The specimen which annealed with a temperature of 700 °C has the maximal elongation and die filling rate. The microstructural of β-phase precipitates when annealing temperature reaches to 1000 °C resulting in brittle behavior and the lowest die-filling rate.
Technological Parameters Forming the Surface Texture in Hyper Productive Surface Plastic Deformation Processing
Authors: Grigoriev Sergey N. , Bobrovskij N.M. , Bobrovskij I.N. , Jiang Cho-Pei
Published: July 2017

The hyper productive surface plastic deformation processing technology called as wide burnishing (WB) was developed in Russian Federation. The mechanics of new WB technology is different from the classic SPD technologies (rolling or burnishing). For example applied force during processing of burnishing is 150-300 N, of WB is 2500-5000 N due to condition of process implementation in mass production with limited processing time (3-4 turnovers of workpiece). WB also has a high degree of deformation due to a multiple deformation passes. To determine the optimal WB processing parameters single and double instrumental devices were implemented and tested. Specimens made of steel 40 and high-strength cast iron 75-50-03 were tested. Initial roughness of steel 40 specimen’s surface was Ra = 0.5 microns and high-strength cast iron was Ra = 0.85 microns. Results of surface texture parameters of processed parts such as surface roughness Ra of steel 40 and high-strength cast iron 75-50-03 under varying load values P and number of cycles (the number of workpieces revolutions during the period of burnishing) were acquired. It was established that the minimum Ra value of the processed surface correspond with values of P = 210 N/mm2 for steel 40 and P = 410 N/mm2 for high-strength cast iron 75-50-03 regardless of number of burnishing cycles. Plastic deformation mechanism (processing time and pressure on the surface) influences on the processed surface roughness formation. It is possible to assume that straining state forms at the optimal values of P in terms of achieving a minimum value of Ra in which the reached degree of hardening allows to minimize the height of the microscopic irregularities of the previous grinding processing. In this case there is no plastic flow of the metal surface layer.
Influence of the Sheet Manufacturing Process on the Forming Limit Behaviour of Twin-Roll Cast, Rolled and Heat-Treated AZ31
Authors: Henseler Thorsten , Ullmann Madlen , Kawalla Rudolf , Berge Franz
Published: July 2017

In the age of lightweight design, magnesium alloys play an increasing role in weight reduction of transport vehicles. The specific strength compared to aluminium alloys and steel grades is superior, giving the material great potential in lightweight application. The automobile and aeronautic industry use sheet metals with minimum thicknesses, making research in this field very important. Successful sheet metal forming depends on various process parameters and material characteristics. Thus, the influence of sheet thickness on the forming limit behaviour of twin-roll cast, rolled and heat-treated AZ31 was investigated. Nakajima tests were performed on a hydraulic sheet metal testing device at elevated temperatures with various sheet thicknesses from 0.6 mm to 2.0 mm. The results show an increase in formability with rising temperatures for all sheets. Furthermore, changes in formability among the sheet thicknesses were linked to their divergent microstructures, which result from the different sheet manufacturing parameters.
Understanding of Processing, Microstructure and Property Correlations during Spheroidizing Heat Treatment of 100Cr6 Steel
Authors: Guk Sergey , Hoppach Daniel , Kawalla Rudolf
Published: July 2017

In the present study an investigation has been carried out for spheroidization of 100Cr6 bearing steel used in forging industry. Three different spheroidization processes were considered. The first one was the annealing of normalized steel under Ac1 temperature for a long time. The second one was the annealing of normalized steel above Ar1 temperature after heating between Ac1 and Acm for one hour. The third one was the annealing of hardened steel under Ac1 temperature for a long time. For evaluation of cold workability with different spheroidization annealing periods, the yield strength and percentage of reduction in area in uniaxial tension were recorded. The present results indicate that low alloyed carbon bearing steels can be easily processed to achieve unique microstructures and properties.
Study of Al-Cu-Mn and Al-Mg-Si Alloys Thin Sheets Weldability
Authors: Demyanenko E.G. , Popov I.P.
Published: July 2017

In this paper weldability study of low-alloyed thermal resistant conductor alloys of Al-Cu-Mn and Al-Mg-Si alloying systems with different content of B, Sc, Fe, Zr and ability to resist corrosion in the welding area is presented. The effect of large intensive deformation in the welding area on the phase composition and the size of phases was determined.
Evaluation of Bevarage Can End Forming Process Using Kolmogorov’s Fracture Criterion
Authors: Kolobov Vladimir G. , Aryshenskii Evgenii V. , Erisov Yaroslav A. , Nam Alexander , Tepterev Maksim S.
Published: July 2017

The present study investigates the process of beverage can end forming from 5182 aluminum alloy. Stress-strain state during forming is analyzed using finite element method in PAM-Stamp 2G, and fracturing probability is evaluated based on V.L. Kolmogorov’s fracture criterion. It is established, that stress state does not provide the sufficient plasticity margin during ends forming. Blank material plasticity resource is depleted during preliminary and reverse drawing stages, defects accumulation during countersink forming is negligible. Minimum relative elongation value, responsible for fracture-free end forming, is 6% in the rolling direction.
The Research of Friction Influences on the Formation Process by Lateral Extrusion into Radial Wedge-Type Branches
Authors: Grechnikov Fedor V. , Khaimovich Alexander I. , Mikhelkevich V. , Jiang Cho-Pei
Published: July 2017

The article represents theoretical analysis of friction influence on the process of formation experimental blank with several radial wedge-type branches having different constituent convergence angles. The authors show that with the correlation between volumes of material what are extruded into the branches it is possible to define the friction coefficient for set conditions of forging. Such approach allows suggesting the methodology for exact definition of friction coefficient for forged blank with a large area of contact surface. For the analysis the analytical model is used which was obtained by upper-bound approach technique. Calibration measurement of accuracy of a model was carried out by numerical method in Deform 3D.
Features of the Process of Stretch Forming Shells Convex-Concave Shape
Authors: Mikheev Vladimir A. , Surudin Sergey , Erisov Yaroslav A. , Khoruzhenko Ekaterina S.
Published: July 2017

It is proposed to use actual computer software systems, providing a visualization and automation of the wrinkling and visualization and automation of the results of the numerical finite-element modeling of stretch forming a convex-concave shape in view of the fact that the saddle-backed surface of the shell has two families of asymptotic real straight lines. Along these lines, the saddle-backed surface of the shell with convex-concave shape is easy to break up or riffles are formed along them. The objectives of computer simulation are to predict unwanted distortion geometric form of the shell because of wrinkling and to find a ways to minimize the deviations of its surface deviations from the required shape.
Procedure to Analyze the Formation of Segregations Using the PLS-SEM Approach
Authors: Kawalla Claudia , Ullmann Madlen , Höck Michael
Published: July 2017

Decreasing optimization potential concerning the weight reduction in aircraft and automotive components boost the demand for lightweight materials and new technologies. An opportunity to achieve considerable weight-savings is the application of magnesium strips produced by the novel Twin-roll casting and hot rolling technology. During the production the quality of magnesium strips can be reduced by segregations, which also influence the distribution of the mechanical properties. Exploring the formation of segregations is one research objective of this paper using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).
Development of a Novel Logging Tool for 450°C Geothermal Wells
Authors: Vedum Jon , Røed Morten H. , Kolberg Sigbjørn , Hjelstuen Magnus , Liverud Anders E. , Stamnes Øyvind N.
Published: July 2017

Exploitation of super-critical water from deep geothermal resources can potentially give a 5–10 fold increase in the power output per well. Such an improvement represents a significant reduction in investment costs for deep geothermal energy projects, thus improving their competitiveness. The ongoing European Horizon2020 DESCRAMBLE (Drilling in dEep, Super-CRitical AMBients of continental Europe) project will demonstrate the drilling of a deep geothermal well with super-critical conditions (>374°C, >220 bar) by extending an existing well to a depth of around 3.5km. The drilling operation is depending on verification of the bottom hole pressure and temperature where state-of-the-art electronic logging tools cannot operate reliably. SINTEF has developed a novel pressure and temperature logging tool for this extreme environment. The target specification for the tool is 8 hours logging of temperature and pressure at 450°C and 450 bar.

In this work, we describe the tool requirements and discuss the design choices made with emphasis on the electronics platform and limitations imposed by the available battery technology, as well as the casing and heat shielding. Test results of the tool are presented, including test data from a field-test in a 250°C geothermal well in Larderello, Italy.
A High Temperature 4H-SiC Voltage Reference for Depletion Mode GaN-Based Circuits
Authors: Zhang ZiHao , Salem Jebreel M. , Ha Dong Sam
Published: July 2017

High temperature electronics are highly demanded for many applications such as automotive, space, and oil and gas exploration. Electronic circuits for those applications are required to operate reliably without using bulky cooling systems. Circuits based on silicon (Si) suffer from high leakage currents at high temperatures. Silicon Carbide (SiC) circuits, on the other hand, are suitable for high temperature applications due to the wide bandgap and offer high breakdown voltage and low leakage current.

This paper presents a negative voltage reference for high temperature applications using commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) 4H-SiC transistors. The proposed voltage reference adopts Widlar bandgap reference topology, and it aims to provide a negative reference voltage for Gallium Nitride (GaN) circuits operating at high temperatures. Measurement results indicate that the proposed circuit provides a negative reference voltage with a low temperature coefficient of 42 ppm/°C for temperatures ranging from 25 °C to 250 °C. The proposed circuit also operates reliably for a wide supply voltage range of −7.5 V to −15 V for the temperature range.