bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
APPROXIMATE CALCULATION OF THE CIRCULAR SOIL CUTTING CAPACITY
Authors: Nikolayev V. A.
Published: July 2019

Introduction. Rotary cultivators are necessary for circular soil cutting while forming the underlayment and slopes of highways. Therefore, the objective of the research is a theoretical substantiation of constructive and sensitive parameters for the rotary ripper. The researchers usually use synthesis method to evaluate theoretical evaluation of the energy consumption on the development of soil. The researchers also carry out an indicative calculation of basic design parameters and power drive of rotary ripper.

Materials and methods. The author developed a methodology for calculating the indicative rotor power. Moreover, the author detected changes of the effective frontal sections of the working body in the process of the rotor circulation by means of the length measuring of a frontal section.

Results. As a result, the author defined rational working parameters of circular cutting ground and calculated the angular velocity of the active working body. Moreover, the author also identified the required average torque and approximate rotor power.

Discussion and conclusions. A simple and intuitive method based on accepted formulas of strength of materials, theoretical mechanics and other sciences is required for practical calculations of the working vehicles’ bodies. The author finds out that on the basis of the synthesis method the assessing energy expenditure on the development of soil may be defined, the analysis of the interaction with soil working bodies can be made.
URBAN PASSENGER TRANSPORT ROAD NETWORKS: PROSPECTS OF METHODS’ OPTIMIZATION
Authors: Mochalin S. M. , Koleber J. A.
Published: July 2019

Introduction.City passenger transport plays an important role in life of the population of the city and in ensuring the efficient, uninterrupted operation of the entire urban system as a whole. However, currently in the field of urban passenger transport in many cities of Russia a number of significant problems have accumulated. In particular, these are problems of the development of the urban route network, the performance indicators of which determine the level of quality of transport services for the population and the economic effect of the operation of urban passenger transport. In this connection, the study of the prospects for the development of methods for optimizing the urban route network becomes relevant.

Materials and methods.The article presents a chronological analysis of methods for optimizing route networks of urban passenger transport. It reflects the specifics of their use, shows the advantages and disadvantages. The authors also reflect the trends in the development of modern methods of optimization of route networks of urban passenger transport. The existing numerous methods for optimizing urban route networks could be divided into two types: heuristic, which have become classical today, and qualitatively new ones – metaheuristic, allowing managing tasks that contain nonlinear functions in the process of optimizing urban route networks. As modern science, software and computing facilities in the studied area have been developing very fast, metaheuristic methods are becoming a promising direction.

Results.It had been revealed that over time, methods for optimizing the route networks of urban passenger transport had been improved and made it possible to take into account the opposing interests of the participants in the passenger transportation process in the city, as well as to set a large set of initial parameters and constraints for a mathematical model for optimizing the urban route network. The authors revealed the main features of the optimization of the route networks of urban passenger transport in the conditions of the modern development of science and software and computing facilities in the studied area. To date, there were no exact optimization methods for optimizing urban route networks. The task of optimizing the route network appeared to be combinatorial.

Discussion and conclusions.The research is useful not only for the further development of science in the area under study, but also for the practical implementation of the process of optimizing the route networks of urban passenger transport.
LIGHTING ON UNREGULATED PEDESTRIAN CROSSING
Authors: Pavlov S. N. , Pavlova Yu. V.
Published: July 2019

Introduction. The actual problem in Russia is the accident rate at pedestrian crossings. The authors conduct the research about the lighting conditions on unregulated pedestrian crossings to improve safety and to identify compliance with current regulations. Moreover, International and Russian researchers point out a large role in ensuring visibility of pedestrians. Increasing of the roadway lightness improves the visibility of pedestrians at night, especially at pedestrian crossings. In addition, world practice shows that after improving the road lighting the number of accidents with pedestrians decreases.

Materials and methods. The authors selected unregulated pedestrian crossings, which were the sources of accidents in dark period. The light level was measured using a Victor 1010A light meter. The authors carried out the dimensions at night in clear weather without precipitation, when artificial lighting was turned on.

Results. The research revealed that the lighting at pedestrian crossings and especially at the crossings’ approaches did not correspond to standard values even with the artificial lighting. Therefore, the lighting on approaches was important for early pedestrians’ detection by drivers.

Discussion and conclusions. As a result, the authors present the recommendations for the insufficient visibility’s elimination at the pedestrian crossings. The authors also justify the need to control the lighting level at all unregulated pedestrian crossings and approaches to them.
MODERN EQUIPMENT FOR DETERMINING TRACTOR-SPEED PROPERTIES OF THE VEHICLE: CHARACTERISTICS’ ANALYSIS IN LABORATORY CONDITIONS
Authors: Savenkov N. V. , Ponyakin V. V. , Chekulaev S. A. , Butenko V. V.
Published: July 2019

Introduction. At present, stands with running drums are widely used for various types of tests. Power stands play a special role. Such stands take the mechanical power from the driving wheels of the car. This simulates the process of movement of the vehicle under operating conditions. Such equipment has various designs, principles of operation and performance. It is also used in tests that are different by purpose, development stages and types: research, control, certification, etc. Therefore, it is necessary in order to determine the traction-speed, fuel-efficient and environmental performance characteristics.

Materials and methods. The paper provides the overview of the power stands with running drums, which are widespread on the domestic market. The authors carried out the analysis of the main structural solutions: schemes of force transfer between the wheel and the drum; types of loading devices; transmission layout schemes and features of the control and measuring complex. The authors also considered corresponding advantages and disadvantages, recommended spheres of application, demonstrated parameters and characteristics of the units’ workflow, presented components and equipment.

Discussion and conclusions. The authors critically evaluate existing models of stands with running drums. Such information is useful for choosing serial models of stands and for developing technical tasks for designing or upgrading the equipment.
URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORT: MARGINAL VALUE OF THE CAPACITY FACTOR
Authors: Fadeev A. I. , Fomin Ye. V. , Alhusseini S.
Published: July 2019

Introduction. One of the most important indicators determining the public transport service quality is the capacity utilization factor of transport fleet. This parameter directly effects on the economic efficiency of the transport organization. For the carrier it is desirable from an economic point of view that the value of the capacity utilization factor takes on the greatest value. Passengers, on the contrary, prefer to transfer without overfull capacity of transport vehicles. Moreover, this factor is used in determining travel fares, analyzing the executed movement regarding the availability of reserves in carrying capacity and planning transportation process. The paper discusses the method of marginal value calculation of the transport fleet’s capacity utilization factor of urban public transport based on ensuring standard vehicle's cabin filling limits.

Materials and methods. The authors solved the task of determining the filling marginal value for transport fleet while working on regular urban routes by analyzing the dependence of the capacity utilization factor on the passenger traffic parameters, the average operating time of the transport fleet on the route and the speed fluctuation during public transport operation. The authors also proposed the indicator of the transportation speed fluctuation during the operation of urban public transport.

Results. The authors found out that the capacity utilization factor of transport fleet substantially depended on the passenger traffic parameters, on the average operating time of the transport fleet and on the speed fluctuation during public transport operation.

Discussion and conclusion. The obtained dependences allow us calculating the marginal values of capacity utilization factor with taking into account the parameters of the planned transport process. The standard capacity utilization factor varies within considerable limits from 0.2 to 0.4, depending on the operating conditions.
ASSESSMENT OF RELIABILITY OF THE CITY PUBLIC TRANSPORT FUNCTIONING IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION CITIES
Authors: Sharov M. I. , Mikhaylov A. Yu.
Published: July 2019

Introduction. The paper deals with the results of the reliability of urban public passenger transport routes. One of the main objectives is to consider the indicators for assessing the reliability of the urban passenger transport system, which have not yet been used in Russian practice. The peculiarity of these indicators is that the initial information can be obtained on the basis of modern bus equipment (GLONASS/GPS). The possibility of using these indicators, as well as the development of scales of reliability levels at the moment is an important scientific problem.

Materials and methods. The authors proposed modern indicators for assessing the reliability of urban passenger transport routes, such as the time index and the associated buffer time indicator. The authors used the methods of mathematical statistics to process the data on the duration of bus traffic.

Results. The authors obtained the reliability characteristics of urban passenger routes. Moreover, the paper presented the comparison of the reliability values on the example of Irkutsk and Angarsk.

Discussion and conclusions. The authors reveal the range of values of the time and buffer indices based on the data of route networks of two different cities. Therefore, the authors offer the estimation scale of the reliability levels on routes.
CHILDREN TRANSPORTATION BY BUSES IN INTERCITY TRANSFERS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT AGE FEATURES
Authors: Yanuchkova O. E. , Yanuchkov M. R. , Yakunina N. V.
Published: July 2019

Introduction. The paper is devoted to the problem of organized children transfers by road transport (buses) in intercity connection. Nowadays, according to the legislation of the Russian Federation, children are on the way during the organized transfer no more than 4 hours. Meanwhile, the process of the children transfer is considered without taking into account age groups and this process is regulated by rest time of drivers. The objective of the paper is the actualization of the organized children transportation by buses in intercity connection and of the organization method taking into account age features.

Materials and methods. The authors used the method of statistical and systematic analysis, the method of expert estimates, technical expertise, the theory of the passenger transport by road transport and also other techniques and methods of scientific research.

Results. As a result, the authors suggested taking into account the regularities of distance and time of the transfer by the age of children and in adjusting of driving conditions and rest time of drivers and also in organization of tourist routes.

Discussion and conclusions. The authors recommend to use the results of the research for children and youth tourism organization and for the organized carriage of children groups by road transport (buses) in intercity transfers.
EFFECTIVE HEAT-PROTECTIVE SYSTEM WITH THE USE OF THERMAL INSULATING SOLUTION OF REDUCED DENSITY
Authors: Zagorodnyuk L. Kh. , Sumskoy D. A. , Zolotykh S. V.
Published: July 2019

Introduction. The manuscript is devoted to the actual problem of thermal insulation of buildings and structures. The paper presents a developed low-density insulation solution with improved heatengineering characteristics. The aim of the work is to increase the efficiency of the heat-shielding system using a low-density heat-insulating solution.

Methods and materials.The authors carried out tests at the site of heat engineering control of LLC «Intellect-service-ZBK-1» to determine the resistance to heat transfer of the enclosing structure.

Results.The construction of the wall system consisting of the «Aerobel» D500 gas-silicate block (625×200×250 mm) and made on a low-density heat-insulating masonry mortar, as well as with the use of a heat-insulating mortar and a universal «Moutrical» energy-efficient coating allowed increasing actual reduced heat transfer resistance from 0.9 to 1.4 (m2 ·K) / W (by 36%).

Discussion and conclusions.Laboratory research and field tests that meet the requirements of state standards and that develop low-density heat-insulating plaster demonstrate the low-density heatinsulating solution, which indicates the feasibility in thermal insulation of buildings and structures. The authors achieve special economic and ecological effect in connection with the use of local raw materials and waste production of expanded perlite sand.
RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CERAMIC MASSES: IMPROVEMENT BY COMPLEX MATERIAL ACTIVATION
Authors: Mavlyanov A. S. , Sardarbekova E. K.
Published: July 2019

Introduction. The objective of the research is to study the effect of the complex activation of the alumina raw material on the rheological properties of the ceramic mass. In addition, the authors investigate solutions for the application of optimal coagulation structures based on loams and ash together with plastic certificates.

Materials and methods. The authors used the local forest like reserves of clay loams at the BashKarasu, ash fields of the Bishkek Central Heating Centre (BTEC) and plasticizer (sodium naphthenate obtained from alkaline chemical production wastes) as fibrous materials. Moreover, the authors defined technological properties of raw materials within standard laboratory methodology in accordance with current GOSTs.

Results. The researchers tested plastic durability on variously prepared masses for the choice of optimal structures. The paper demonstrated the plastic durability of complexly activated compounds comparing with non-activated and mechanically activated compounds. The sensitivity coefficient increased the amount of clay loams by mechanically and complexly activated, which predetermined the possibility of intensifying the process of drying samples based on complexly activated masses.

Discussion and conclusions. However, mechanical activation of clay material reduces the period of relaxation and increases the elasticity coefficient of ceramic masses by 1.8–3.4 times, meanwhile decreases elasticity, viscosity and the conventional power during molding, which generally worsens the molding properties of the masses. Сomplex activation of ash-clay material decreases the period of relaxation and provides an increase in elasticity, plasticity of ceramic masses by 46–47%, reduction in viscosity by 1.5–2 times, conventional power on molding by 37–122% in comparison with MA clay loams. Ceramic masses based on spacecraft alumina raw materials belong to the SMT with improved rheological properties; products based on them pass through the mouthpiece for 5–7 seconds.
MANUFACTURE OF MODIFIED ARBOLIT FROM LOCAL RAW MATERIALS: OPTIMIZATION OF COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF RAW MATERIAL COMPONENTS
Authors: Matyeva A. K.
Published: July 2019

Introduction. The creation of energy-saving materials involves the use of local raw materials for products with improved physic-mechanical properties. The author carries optimization of the rational composition and properties of modified arbolite from plant-gypsum composition (PGC). In addition, the author uses modifiers on new ways of preparing the aggregate according to the method of experimental and statistical modeling.

Materials and methods. The author used the cereal straw grown in the Kyrgyz Republic (CS), G-5 and G-7 construction gypsum based on local raw materials, ash from the Bishkek Heat and Power Plant (BHPP), portland cement clinker PCC, natural clay (ganch). Moreover, the clay component of the Toloykonsky deposit was used as the clay component. The author also added the liquid glass, latex SCS, the low-concentration resin LCR-3066 + catalyst of ionic type (CIT) as modifiers for the formation of the porous polymer-silicate systems. The paper marked the plasticizing additives in the manufacture of arbolite as SCS, LCR and CIT components. As a retarder the setting of gypsum was added a partial salt 1-hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-diphosphonic acid with triethanolamine and flame retardants. The tests were carried out according to standard methods. To optimize the composition and properties of the polymersilicate-gypsum composition (PSGC), the author carried out a three-factor experiment according to the B3 plan, where three prescription factors varied: X1 – straw content,%; X2 – content of polymer silicate additives (PSA) + plasticizer,%; X3 – gypsum content + portland cement clinker as a nitroperimethyl phosphoric acid (NPA) and flame gypsum retarder.

Results. The research showed that at 28 days of age for cement-free gypsum compositions as the content of straw increased, the strength was almost unchanged. When comparing the strength of the same samples of 2 and 28 days strength with the maximum filling of gypsum, the author defined that the PSA content should not exceed 12% when the straw additive was 26% and further PSA increasing did not increase the strength.

Discussion and conclusions. As a result, the author achieves maximum strength of the arbolit, when the content of G-7 gypsum is 28-32%, ash is 18-22% and PSC is 8-10%. The maximum value of strength and water resistance of the material is achieved with a rational ratio of components: straw – 24–28%, G-7 gypsum – 30–32% + NSPL – 0,05%; ash – 18–22%; resin – 3066-8-12% + catalyst – 0,3% (87% sulfuric acid, 13% phosphoric acid); PCC – 3–5%; clay-gypsum (ganch) – 2%; liquid sodium glass – 12%; plasticizers CIT – 0,15%, SCS – 0,2%, LCR – 0,15%; modified hardener – 0,5% and water.
CRACK STRENGTH OF HOLLOW CORE SLABS: EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
Authors: Mitasov V. M. , Statsenko N. V. , Sametov F. K. , Kurbonov A. M.
Published: July 2019

Introduction. The paper presents the results of research that allow assessing the degree of influence of pre-organized cracks on the character crack formation and on the process of the hollow-core slabs’ deformation under short-term load action.

Materials and methods. The hollow-core slabs are made without prestressing – one by traditional technology, the second with pre-organized cracks in the manufacturing process. Physical experiment performed on fall-scale structure of hollow-core slabs of П66.10-81500СП. The authors conducted the tests to the calculated breaking load. Moreover, the authors presented the contrastive analysis of character crack formation and of the hollow-core slabs’ deformation of П66.10-8А500СП traditional manufacturing and with pre-organized cracks.

Results. As a result, the authors confirmed the earlier hypotheses about the greater rigidity of plates with pre-organized cracks in comparison with the plates where the cracks arose stochastically and under operational load. The installation of organized cracks did not reduce the bearing capacity, thus, reduced the deformability. Therefore, the width of the crack became smaller and the deflections became less.

Discussion and conclusions. In the structures of long length, which are rejected by the second limit group, the organization of cracks at the manufacturing stage allows not putting additional reinforcement to reduce the width and deflection of the crack.
RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF THE REINFORCED CONCRETE SHELL-SLAB
Authors: Selivano A. V. , Reger F. F.
Published: July 2019

Introducton. The paper demonstrates the results of experimental research of the reinforced concrete shell-slab under the action of vertical uniformly distributed load. The authors also present the comparison of such research results with the results of stress-strain state evaluation performed in the “Lira” software package.

Materials and methods. The authors tested the reinforced concrete model representing physically similar copy with the 1:5 scale coefficients by general size, and by separate details. The load was applied in 10–15% doze of the theoretical bearing capacity of the plate.

Results. The authors calculated the experimental transverse stress σх,3,exp, which was in full-scale construction and in the 3 central sphere. The authors also made the comparison of such transverse stress with theoretical transverse stresses σх,3,teor and the comparison was performed in the “Lira” program complex. The diagrams of the above stresses were well matched by outlines and values.

Discussion and conclusions. As a result, the experimental (σx, 3,exp.) and theoretical (σx,3,theor.) stresses are compressive near the shell-slab center. Its maximum stress values (σx, 3, exp) reach x/b=0,5 at a point with a relative coordinate, and the stress (σx,3,theor.) – x/b ≈ 0,45.

The zero voltage values σx,3,exp. reach a quarter of the shelf width, theoretical stress –with x/b ≈ 0,3 mm ratio.

Maximum values of experimental and theoretical tensile stresses σx, 3 reach x/b ≈ 0,15 ratio. Therefore, the values are close to each other, and do not exceed the standard concrete tensile resistance Rbt, ser.

The practical significance of the study is to obtain experimental evidence of the abandoning possibility of the horizontal transverse reinforcement of the shelf, which would reduce the complexity and cost of the investigated structures production.

The prospects conclude in:

research of the shell-slab operation at the stage of ultimate equilibrium;

research of the shell-slab crack resistance and stiffness at all stages of its operation;

research of the shell-slab operation taking into account the fixation in the transverse direction of its longitudinal contour edges along entire length.
Konstruksi Budaya Anak Muda pada Novel Populer Indonesia Tahun 2000-an
Authors: Adji Muhamad
Published: July 2019

ABSTRAKPerkembangan teori terkini, terutama dalam bidang kajian budaya menunjukkan bahwa teks novel populer dapat dipelajari dengan berbagai pendekatan, tidak hanya terfokus pada aspek estetika. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam upaya untuk menemukan adanya konstruksi budaya pada novel populer tahun 2000-an. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan interdisipliner yang melibatkan teori di bidang kajian budaya. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi teks. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah novel-novel populer tahun 2000-an. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam novel populer tahun 2000-an, impian menjadi wacana dominan dan anak muda yang dikonstruksikan sebagai pembawa impian itu adalah anak muda yang berasal dari kelas pinggiran. Hal ini memberi kesimpulan bahwa novel populer tahun 2000-an menawarkan konstruksi anak muda yang berbeda yang keluar dari konstruksi arus utama novel populer yang biasanya berasal dari kelas dominan.Kata kunci: novel populer, anak muda, kajian budayaABSTRACTRecent theory developments, especially in the field of cultural studies indicate that the popular novel text can be studied with a variety of approaches, not just focused on the aesthetic aspect. This research was conducted in an effort to determine that there is a cultural construction at the popular novels of the 2000s. This study uses an interdisciplinary approach involving theories in the area of cultural studies. The method used is the study of texts.. The object of this study is the popular novels of the 2000s. These results indicate that in the popular novel of the 2000s, the dream of becoming the dominant discourse and youth are constructed as a carrier of that dream is a youth who comes from the outskirts of the class. This gives the conclusion that the popular novels of the 2000s offers a different construction on youth coming out of the construction of the main stream popular novels which usually comes from the dominant class.Keywords: popular novel, youth, cultural studies
Modeling of heat and mass transfer in the process of drying of colloid capillary - porous materials
Authors: Petrova Zh.O. , Davydenko B.V. , Slobodianiuk K.S.
Published: July 2019

The process of drying is an energy-consuming process, therefore, in order to optimize these energy costs during drying and to choose the rational structural and regime parameters of the equipment intended for this process, it is necessary to carry out a calculation analysis of heat and mass transfer on the basis of adequate mathematical models. The study of various mechanisms of diffusion in capillary - porous materials has become the basis for the creation of a mathematical model of heat - mass transfer and for the formulation of a corresponding system of nonlinear differential equations. Using mathematical model of heat-mass transfer A.V. Lykova constructed an appropriate numerical algorithm for modeling this process, numerical studies of the convection drying process of colloidal capillary - porous materials (KKPM) have been performed. The boundary conditions on the contact surface of the material in the drying chamber with the heat carrier flow are formulated. Based on the numerical solution of the system of one-dimensional heat and mass transfer equations in the material, depending on the time of its specific moisture content and temperature, as well as other characteristics of the convection drying process, the dependence was obtained. The estimated results are compared with the results of experimental studies. From the results of the comparison, it follows that the calculated model on the basis of the proposed system of equations satisfactorily describes the process of mass transfer in colloidal capillary - porous materials and can be used to approximate the characteristics of the drying process of colloidal capillary - porous materials, in particular the time required for drying the material. Numerical modeling of heat and mass transfer processes in colloid capillary and porous materials helps to solve an important scientific and technical problem, which is connected with the creation of software and hardware complexes, automated systems of scientific researches of energy-saving heat-technological processes of drying of materials with the provision of necessary quality indicators. Having analyzed the literature data concerning the existing developed mathematical modeling of colloidal capillary-porous materials, it has been established that this direction has a limited amount of information and therefore requires in-depth study and is an actual direction of research.
Ways of increase of efficiency of process of the vibroextrusion of fibrous concrete
Authors: Dovzhik M.T.
Published: July 2019

The process of mixing the components of the mixture is an important factor affecting the physical and mechanical properties and appearance of the final product. The proposed designs of vibroexcluders for mixing fibrous concrete and the formation of flat products provided analytical formulas for calculating the process of vibration extrusion.

The quantitative criterion of laminar convective mixing, which occurs when vibroexclusion, is the degree of increase in the surface area of the interface between the components, which in turn depends on the total deformation and initial orientation of the surface.

The constructions of vibroextruders are provided for the mixing of a fibrous concrete and forming flat products, and analytical formulas are given for the calculation of the vibroextrusion process.

The construction of a cascade vibrating extruder for the proposed mixing can be applied to a wide range of compositions of fibro concrete mixes, and a specially designed vibratory extruder for forming can significantly improve the longitudinal orientation of dispersed fittings in flat products.

The degree of longitudinal orientation of the fiber in the process of vibroexclusion of fiber concrete can be regulated by the geometry and size of the channels of the vibroexcutter bunker, as well as by the application of special guiding partitions.

Practically the degree of mixing is characterized by the speed of vibration exclusion. Due to the fact that the vibroextrusion mixing does not occur the destruction of fiber reinforcement, as a result of the successive passage of the mixture through several channels, the moment when the vibration excursion velocity stabilizes.

The given analytical dependencies give the possibility of quantitative description of differences in the deformation of the mixture and the final orientation of fibers in the products for the proposed apparatus. The degree of longitudinal orientation fibers need to be set separately for different products, depending on their purpose, and change the degree of orientation is carried out by changing the geometry of the vane bunker vibroextruder.

The results of the work are supposed to be used in the design of a new vibration excretory equipment for mixing fibrous concrete mixtures and the formation of dispersed reinforced products.
Structure and mechanism of electrical conductivity of resistive compositions for thick-film metal-ceramic heating elements
Authors: Telnikov Ye.Ya. , Chernyshyn O.G. , Nedbailo O.M. , Khmara I.O.
Published: July 2019

The work is devoted to the solution of scientific and technical problems of creating granular resistive thick films used in the manufacture of metal-ceramic heating elements. Using the method of mechanosynthesis, particles of transition metal borides and aluminoborosilicate glass of complex chemical composition were obtained.
The electrical and thermal properties of thick-film metal-ceramic heating elements with a resistive layer based on modified particles of a conductive material are studied.
The heating elements of the new generation are made by the method of thick-film technology, which is widely used in microelectronics in the manufacture of hybrid electronic circuits. Structurally, the thick-film heater is a base (metal with a dielectric coating, ceramics, glass, glass), which is consistently applied through a mesh stencil resistive paste and a dielectric protective coating.
Direct heat transfer from the heating film to the substrate of the heat remover, due to the very low thermal inertia of the design, provides a quick exit of the heating element to the operating temperature. This feature of heaters opens new opportunities for their special use.
The resistive layer is a complex heterogeneous disordered system containing regions with a metallic conductivity and dielectric portions. The electrical conductivity in such systems is a superposition of the metallic type — in the conducting phase and the activation phase — through the interlayer between the particles. The layer plays the role of a potential barrier for current carriers and largely determines the predominance of one of the electromigration mechanisms. Its composition and properties are formed during the interaction of molten glass with oxide films of particles of the conductive phase and doping of the compositions.
Obtaining composite particles of the conductive phase in the process of preparation and heat treatment of materials allows you to purposefully change the properties of the nanoscale interlayer between these particles, which leads to the possibility of creating a group of materials and heating elements based on them with a complex of new properties.
Atkı İplik Numarası, Atkı Sıklığı ve Örgü Tipinin %100 Akrilik Dokuma Kumaşların Hava ve Su Buharı Geçirgenliğine Etkisi
Authors: YAVAŞCAOĞLU Arzu , EREN Recep , SÜLE Gülcan
Published: July 2019

Bu
çalışmada %100 akrilik dokuma kumaşların hava ve su buharı geçirgenliği
özelliklerine atkı iplik numarası, atkı sıklığı ve örgü tipi değişiminin etkisi
incelenmiş ve istatistiksel olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada iki farklı
numara atkı ipliği ile üç farklı örgüde kumaş üretilerek iplik numarası ve örgü
tipi değişiminin etkisi, bezayağı örgülü kumaş yapılarında ise 3 farklı atkı
sıklığı kullanılarak atkı sıklığı değişiminin etkisi değerlendirilmiştir.
Çalışma sonucuna göre, akrilik dokuma kumaşlarda atkı sıklığı arttıkça hava ve
su buharı geçirgenliği azalmaktadır. Bezayağı örgünün hava geçirgenliği dimi ve
saten örgülü kumaş yapılarına göre daha düşük bulunmuştur. Kalın atkı ipliği
kullanılan kumaşlarda daha yüksek su buharı geçirgenliği elde edilmiştir.
Lazer ile AA7075 Aluminyum Alaşımının Yüzeyinin Kaplanması ve İşlenebilirlik Özelliklerinin Araştırılması
Authors: ŞİMŞEK Tuncay , AKKURT Adnan
Published: July 2019

Bu çalışmada, mekanokimyasal yöntemle sentezlenmiş
ZrB2 nanoparçacıkları 2 kW’lık CO2 lazeri ile AA7075
aluminyum alaşımı yüzeyine kaplanmıştır. Lazer gücünün ve lazer tarama hızının
kaplama tabakaları üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemek için 2 farklı deney seti
gerçekleştirilmiştir. İlk deney setinde 1000 mm/min tarama hızı sabit tutularak
50, 70 ve 100 W lazer güçlerinde, diğer deney setinde ise 70 W lazer gücü sabit
tutularak 300, 500 mm/min tarama hızlarında kaplama deneyleri yapılmıştır. Kaplama
tabakasının faz yapıları ve morfolojik özellikleri X-ışınları kırınım
difraktometresi, taramalı elektron mikroskobu ve optik mikroskop ile incelenmiştir.
Kaplama tabakalarının aşınma dayanımları ve sertlikleri pin-on disk aşınma
cihazı ve mikrosertlik cihazı ile belirlenmiştir. Daha sonra kaplanmış
numunelerin işlenebilirlik özelliklerini tespit etmek için, numuneler sırasıyla
aşındırıcı su jeti, tel erozyon, lazer ve aşındırıcı disk ile kesilerek karakterize
edilmiştir. Kaplama işlemi sonrasında anametalin sertliğinin 110 HV’den 190 HV’ye
çıktığı tespit edilmiştir. Diğer yöntemlere kıyasla ısı girdisinin minimum
olmasından dolayı aşındırıcı su jeti ön plana çıkmasına rağmen, en az tahribat
aşındırıcı disk ile kesmede gözlenmiştir. Lazer yöntemiyle kaplanan numuneler
için en uygun kesme
yönteminin aşındırıcılı disk ile kesme yöntemi olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Piezodirenç Dokunsal Algılayıcı Karakteristikleri Hakkında Kapsamlı Bir Çalışma
Authors: SÜMER Bilsay
Published: July 2019

Günümüzde, dokunsal sensör teknolojisi normal temas
durumunda bulunan iki katının basınç ve temas alanının ölçümünü yapabilen tek
çözümdür. Bu çalışmada, esnek bir dokunsal algılayıcı dizini içinde
bulunan bir adet algılayıcının statik ve dinamik özellikleri, bu sensörler ile
yapılan ölçümlerin doğruluğunun geliştirilmesi için araştırılmıştır.
İlk olarak, 64 tane teksele sahip algılayıcı dizini tasarlanmış ve mikro-elektro-mekanik
sistem (MEMS) teknikleri kullanılarak üretilmiştir. Daha sonra, dokunsal
sensörün kuvvet ile yükleme ve boşaltılması sırasında oluşan direnç değişimini ölçmek
için bir elektronik tarama devresi tasarlanmıştır. Sensörün statik ve dinamik
özelliklerini ortaya çıkarmak için dokunsal sensörün içerisinde belirli bir
algılayıcı seçilmiştir. Ölçümler için iki adet özel yapım deneysel kurulum
yapılmıştır. İlk deney düzeneğinde, tekrarlanabilirlik, histerezis, duyarlılık
ve zaman kayması gibi algılayıcının statik özellikleri ölçülmüştür. Ayrıca,
piezodirenç algılayıcıların fiziksel algılama mekanizması tartışılmış ve
algılayıcının kuvvet ölçüm aralığı bulunmuştur. Algılayıcının doğruluğu % 5,5
olarak bulunmuştur. İkinci deney düzeneğinde ise algılayıcının frekans tepkisi
0,1 Hz ila 40 Hz frekans bandında ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Algılayıcının kazanç
oranın incelenen frekans bant aralığında sabit olmadığı ve dinamik yük altında
kullanımının dikkatli bir kalibrasyon süreci sonunda kullanılabileceği
görülmüştür.
Böbrek-ilhamlı Algoritma ile Otomatik Gerilim Regülatör Sistemi için PID Kontrolör Tasarımı
Authors: EKİNCİ Serdar , DEMİRÖREN Ayşen , ZEYNELGİL Hatice Lale , KAYA Serhat
Published: July 2019

Bu
çalışma, ilk kez böbrek-ilhamlı algoritma (KA) kullanarak otomatik gerilim
regülatörü (AVR) sisteminin optimal oransal-integral-türevsel (PID) kontrolör
parametrelerini (Kp, Ki ve Kd) belirlemek için
yeni bir tasarım yöntemi sunmaktadır. KA tekniği yüksek kaliteli çözüm, iyi
hesaplama verimliliği ve hızlı yakınsama özelliklerine sahiptir. Önerilen PID
kontrolörünün tasarım problemi bir optimizasyon problemi olarak tanımlanmıştır
ve Kp, Ki ve Kd’nin optimal kontrolör
kazançlarını bulmak için KA tekniği kullanılmıştır. KA tekniği ile optimize
edilmiş PID kontrolörünün Ziegler-Nichols (ZN) klasik ayar metoduna ve bazı
modern sezgisel optimizasyon algoritmalarına dayalı kontrolörlere göre
üstünlüğü, etkin bir AVR sistemi elde etmek için geçici hal cevap analizi
yapılarak incelenmiştir. KA tekniği ile ayarlanan ilgili güç sisteminin
kararlılığını değerlendirmek için kutup/sıfır haritası analizi ile Bode çizimi
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Daha sonra, önerilen kontrolörün performansını AVR
sisteminde kontrol etmek için gürbüzlük analizi de yapılmıştır. Sayısal
simülasyon sonuçları, KA tekniğinin mükemmel bir ayarlama kabiliyetine sahip
olduğunu ve AVR sisteminin diğer mevcut yöntemlere göre basamak cevabını
iyileştirmede daha etkili olduğunu doğrulamaktadır.
Yeni Bir Hidroterapi Egzersiz Aletinin Sistematik Konstrüksiyon Yaklaşımıyla Kavramsal Tasarımı
Authors: AZELOĞLU C. Oktay , ALPER M. Eda
Published: July 2019

Çağımızdaki hareketsiz yaşamın bir sonucu olarak
günümüzde fiziksel egzersizler yapabilmek için birçok spor aleti kullanılmaktadır.
Bu aletler temel olarak bir kas ya da kas grubunun çalıştırılmasına odaklanır
ve bu prensibe göre tasarlanırlar. Bu amaçla su içerisinde yapılan egzersizler
yani hidroterapi de, alternatif bir egzersiz olarak sunulmakta ve buna uygun
spor aletleri tasarlanmaktadır. Ancak hidroterapi egzersizi yapılan spor
aletleri, diğer aletler gibi genellikle tek bir kas ya da kas grubunun
çalıştırılmasını hedeflemektedir ve bugüne kadar sadece temel birkaç tipte
tasarlandığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada hidroterapi amaçlı yeni bir egzersiz
aletinin sistematik konstrüksiyon yaklaşımı ile kavramsal tasarımı yapılmıştır.
Tasarımı yapılan ürün diğerlerinden farklı olarak aynı anda birden fazla kas
grubunu çalıştırabilecek ve fizik tedavi amacıyla da kullanılabilecektir.
Çalışmada sistematik konstrüksiyon aşamaları sırasıyla uygulanarak sonuçta
optimum tasarım fikrine ulaşılmıştır. Tasarlanan hidroterapi egzersiz aleti
kullanıcılara ve bu hizmeti veren merkezlere bir havuza gereksinimleri olmadan
aynı anda birçok kas grubunu çalıştıracak ve gerektiğinde fizik tedavi amacıyla
da kullanılabilecek bir spor imkânı sağlamaktadır.
Tristör Kontrollü Reaktörün Sinirsel Bulanık Denetim Esaslı Reaktif Güç Kontrolü
Authors: KEÇECİOĞLU Ö. Fatih , KILIÇ Erdal
Published: July 2019

Bu çalışmada, esnek
aa iletim sistemi cihazlarının ana elemanlarından biri olan tristör kontrollü
reaktörün sinirsel bulanık denetim esaslı reaktif güç kontrolü yapılmıştır.
Sinirsel bulanık denetim mimarisi olarak adaptif sinirsel bulanık çıkarım
sistemi (ANFIS) kullanılmıştır. Önerilen denetleyicinin başarımını incelemek
için MATLAB/Simulink ortamında benzetim modeli oluşturulmuştur. Bununla
birlikte ANFIS denetim esaslı TKR’nin farklı çalışma durumlarındaki referans
reaktif gücü takip etme başarımı klasik PI tipli denetleyici ile
karşılaştırılmıştır.
Web Tabanlı Artırılmış Gerçeklik Sanal Giyinme Uygulamasının Tasarımı ve Test Edilmesi
Authors: BAL Güngör , İÇTEN Tarık
Published: July 2019

Bu çalışmada, web tabanlı artırılmış
gerçeklik teknolojisine sahip bir sanal giyinme uygulaması başarıyla
gerçekleştirilmiş ve sunulmuştur. Geliştirilen bu uygulama, bilgisayar
kamerasını hareket algılayıcı olarak kullanabilen, uzaktan el hareketleri ile
ürün seçimi yapabilen ve seçimi yapılan ürünü 2B olarak kullanıcı üzerinde
görüntüleyebilen bir yapıdadır. Günümüzde sanal giyinme uygulamalarının
genellikle e-ticaret aracılığıyla pazarlama sektöründe kullanıldığı
görülmektedir. Bu uygulamaların e-ticaret işlemlerinde kullanımı, firmaların
yeni ürünlerini müşterilerine tanıtım ve satışını daha kolay ve eğlenceli hale
getirmektedir. Genellikle firmaların çevrimiçi verdikleri bu uygulama hizmeti
bazı firmaların satış mağazalarında çevrimiçi ve çevrimdışı olarak da
sunulmaktadır. Mağazalardaki sanal giyinme uygulama deneyimi; mağazanın fiziksel
durumu, artırılmış gerçeklik ve hareket yakalama teknolojisine sahip cihazların
maliyeti, mağaza içi uygulama kullanım yoğunluğu gibi zorluklar oluşturmaktadır.
Bu zorlukların üstesinden gelmek için web tabanlı bir uygulama çalışması
geliştirilmiştir. Bu uygulama sayesinde, el
imleci kullanıcı el hareketlerine göre ekran üzerinde konumlandırılmakta ve ürün
değiştirme aşamasında ekran üzerindeki butonların tetiklenmesini sağlamaktadır.
Çalışma, 20 kullanıcı ile web ortamında bir gün süre ile uygulanmıştır.
Uygulama hakkındaki kullanıcı görüşleri ve kullanıcıların memnuniyet düzeyleri
hazırlanan ölçek ile alınmış ve iyi pozlanmış işaretçi ile başarılı sonuçlar
elde edilmiştir.
İnce Cidarlı U Çelik Profillerin Eksantrik Yük Altında Tek Bulonlu Bağlantılarının İncelenmesi
Authors: DEMİREL Yusuf
Published: July 2019

İnce
cidarlı çelik elemanların bulon bağlantıları hakkında bir Türk standardı
bulunmamaktadır. Eurocode ve AISI standartları dikkate alınarak yapılan
hesaplamalarda aynı örnek için farklı yaklaşım ve davranış ortaya çıkmaktadır.
Literatür taramasında elde edilen deneysel çalışmalarda eksantrik etki göz ardı
edilmiş, yalnızca eksenel çekme altındaki davranış irdelenmiştir. Ancak
uygulamada profil yapısından kaynaklanan eksantrik davranıştan kaçınılması
mümkün değildir. Sırt sırta verilmiş ince
cidarlı U profillerin tek bulon
bağlantısı ile ağırlık merkezlerinden uygulanan çekme kuvveti uygulanması ile oluşturulan
eksantrik davranış çeşitli sac et kalınlıkları (t=1,5mm, 2mm, 2,5mm) ve çeşitli
bulon çapları (Ø=8mm, 10mm, 12mm) altında ilgili standartlarda (AISI ve
Eurocode) verilen eşitliklerden elde edilen dayanımlar ve kopma modları
karşılaştırılmıştır. AISI dayanım öngörülerinin Eurocode öngörülerine göre daha
güvenli tarafta kaldığı, kopma modlarının öngörülmesinde ise Eurocode’un daha
isabetli sonuç verdiği saptanmıştır.
α-κ-μ Sönümlü Kanalların Efektif Kapasite Başarımı
Authors: KAPUCU Nuri
Published: July 2019

Bu
çalışmada, α-κ-μ sönümlü kanalların
efektif kapasitesi için kapalı formda bir ifade türetilmiştir. Daha sonra ele
alınan kanal modelinin efektif kapasitesi için asimptotik bir ifade de
önerilmiştir. Buna ek olarak, türetilen ifadede bulunan sonsuz seri için kesme
hatası incelemesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Son olarak ise efektif kapasite, farklı
parametre değerleri için elde edilerek benzetim sonuçları ile birlikte
sunulmuştur.
Güç Elektroniği Transformatörlerinin İncelenmesi ve Bir DA/DA Dönüştürücü Uygulaması
Authors: ALKUL Oguz , DEMİRBAŞ Şevki
Published: July 2019

Malzeme
bilimindeki gelişmelere paralel olarak artan güç-boyut oranı ile özellikle
ağırlığın önemli olduğu hava, kara, deniz araçları ile uzay teknolojilerinde
yüksek frekans transformatörleri (YFT)’ne olan talep artış göstermektedir.
Özellikle YFT’lerin yarı iletken anahtarlar ile birlikte kullanılması sonucunda
elde edilen güç dönüştürücüler (Güç Elektroniği Transformatörü – GET),
elektrikli araçlardan uzay araçlarına, dağıtık üretim ve depolama birimlerinin
şebeke entegrasyonuna kadar birçok uygulamada geniş bir kullanım alanı
bulmuşlardır. Bu çalışmada GET yapıları incelenerek, DA/DA dönüştürme yapan tam
köprü dönüştürücünün benzetim ve uygulaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada ilk
olarak GET’ler incelenmiş ve devre topolojileri ile kullanım alanları analiz
edilmiştir. Daha sonra tam köprü tipi dönüştürücü topolojisi kullanılarak DA/DA
dönüştürme yapan bir çevirici tasarımı yapılmış ve benzetimi
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Benzetimi gerçekleştirilen dönüştürücü için gerekli
malzeme seçimi yapılarak prototip hazırlanmış ve deneysel çalışmalar
tamamlanmıştır. Deneysel kurulumu tamamlanan GET, 22 kHz anahtarlama
frekansında test edilerek benzetim ve deneysel sonuçlar sunulmuştur.
Pemodelan Data Warehouse Distribusi Produk di PT. X
Authors: Susanto Rani , M Tati Harihayati
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the Head of Distribution of PT. X to support product distribution monitoring activities in terms of the number of products to be distributed to each branch office as needed. The problem that occurs is the large number and diversity of products required where each branch office is located far apart, cause the company difficulty in collecting product data that functions for the monitoring process. The solution to this problem is there needs a model that can be used to collect all the necessary data for monitoring product distribution using the Data warehouse method. This method is used to collect diverse data into a storage area so that users can quickly analyze the data needed. OLTP is part of the Data Warehouse, which is the initial stage of modeling data sources, then with ETL processes, which are the basis for modeling data warehouse schemes. So, this model can be used as a reference to produce useful information for managerial parties PT. X in the next study.
Utilization of SIKADU on Quality of Service of Academic Information Systems
Authors: Arwani Agus
Published: July 2019

The service quality and Integrated Academic Information System Skill to moderate the relationship between Sikadu use and service quality. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of information systems on service quality and decrease the use of information systems. This research method uses field research methods with quantitative approaches. This study student, lecturers, and teaching staff program from FEBI IAIN Pekalongan and sampling methods with Non-Probability Sampling with accidental sampling techniques. The results of the study obtained Information System Quality has a significant favorable influence on service quality. It shows that the quality of information quality system can improve service quality. The variety of information systems moderates the effect of using utilization on service quality, so it can conclude that the Sikadu utility variable includes moderating variables. It shows that quality information systems influence the use of technology on service quality.
Orientalia come strumenti di auto-rappresentazione delle élites cretesi in epoca alto-arcaica
Authors: Simona Aluia
Published: July 2019

In this paper the phenomenon of circulation of orientalia in Crete during the Iron Age will be examined from a social point of view: what was the social reason of the demand and how did local communities react to the arrive of exotic artefacts? Orientalia were found mostly within contexts characterised by a local material culture, so they attest the demand for luxury goods, rather than the settling of foreign people in the island; it is suggested that orientalia probably had the main function of high status-symbol. Therefore, they could represent a key for the interpretation of some social aspects of the Iron Age Cretan communities.