bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of posterior circulation cerebral angiography from dizziness patients: a retrospective single-center cross-sectional study
Authors: Usman Fritz Sumantri , Sagita Noveline , Sastrawan M. Gandhi , Vernandi Andra , Kastilong Merlin P. , Kurnia Leny
Published: August 2024

Background: This study aimed to analyze posterior circulation cerebral angiography characteristics in dizziness patients.
Methods: This was an analytical retrospective cross-sectional study on medical records data performed at Pelni Hospital. Subjects with the main complaint of dizziness/vertigo who fulfill the criteria for vascular vertigo and underwent digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in 2023, were recruited. The exclusion criterion was incomplete medical records.
Results: Two hundred and eighty-one subjects aged 14-79 years old were recruited. A total of 88.3% of subjects had abnormal DSA results, comprising posterior circulation abnormalities (hypoplasia/aplasia 11%, tortuous 40.2%, mild stenosis 8.9%, severe stenosis 16.7%, atherosclerosis 2.5%) and 42.8% of them had anterior circulation abnormalities. Older subjects tended to have tortuous vessels and abnormal anterior circulation. Females tended to have tortuous vessels (p<0.001) while males tended to have mild (p = 0.001) and severe stenosis (p = 0.002). Diabetes mellitus and cardiac disorders had significant associations with severe stenosis (p = 0.035 and 0.003, respectively) and anterior circulation abnormalities (p = 0.024 and 0.001, respectively). Subjects with dizziness tended to have hypoplasia or aplasia (p = 0.042). Posterior circulation severe stenosis was significantly associated with endovascular angioplasty (p < 0.001) and stenting (p= 0.030).
Conclusions: Dizziness and vertigo were significantly correlated with hypoplasia/aplasia and tortuous posterior circulation. Age and sex were significantly correlated with posterior circulation disorder. Diabetes and cardiac disorders were significantly associated with severe stenosis, which needed endovascular procedures. The study was conducted in a cross-sectional design which warrants further prospective studies to establish the association.
Safety and effectiveness of paravertebral block for simple mastectomy: a prospective study
Authors: Hannan Mohammad Abdul , Arin Kazi Mahzabin , Karmakar Chandra Shekhar , Tusher Saiful Mahmud , Das Rajat Shuvra , Sultana Ayesha
Published: August 2024

Background: Paravertebral block (PVB) has emerged as an alternative to general anesthesia (GA) for various surgical procedures, offering potential advantages such as improved postoperative pain control and reduced systemic side effects. Simple mastectomy, a common surgical intervention for breast cancer treatment, involves the removal of breast tissue without axillary lymph node dissection.
Methods: This prospective study was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from 1st January 2022 to 30th June 2023. A total of 50 patients undergoing simple mastectomy were randomly assigned.
Results: PVB significantly reduced postoperative VAS scores at 1 hour (2.3±1.1 vs. 4.7±1.3), 6 hours (2.1±0.9 vs. 4.4±1.2), 12 hours (1.9±0.8 vs. 3.8±1.0), and 24 hours (1.7±0.6 vs. 3.5±0.9) (all p<0.001). Opioid consumption was lower in the PVB group (4.8±2.1 mg vs. 12.4±3.2 mg, p<0.001). Incidence of PONV was reduced (16% vs. 48%, p=0.019), hospital stay was shorter (2.3±0.5 days vs. 3.1±0.7 days, p=0.001), and patient satisfaction was higher (4.6±0.5 vs. 3.8±0.7, p=0.003). No significant differences were observed in intraoperative hemodynamic parameters or adverse events.
Conclusions: Paravertebral block provides superior pain management, reduces opioid use and PONV, shortens hospital stays, and improves patient satisfaction compared to GA in simple mastectomy, demonstrating its efficacy and safety in perioperative care.
SARS CoV-2 infection in health care workers first wave and second wave characteristics: a retrospective study from a tertiary care center
Authors: R. Shyamala , A. J. Lokesh
Published: August 2024

Background: The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global pandemic that threatens lives and livelihoods. Healthcare workers (HCWs) fight the pandemic. The severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) pandemic has killed many HCWs worldwide.
Methods: The study included all HCWs who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Data collection focused on demographics, job roles, disease presentation, and transmission risks, with statistical analysis performed using SPSS version 21.0 to evaluate infection trends and control efficacy.
Results: The 2020 1st wave infected 93 HCWs and the 2021 second wave 145. The most affected were 25-35, with rates plummeting from 38-29%. Female infections rose 58-66%. Peak months were September to October 2020, April to May 2021. Nursing workers were 36% vulnerable, while technical staff infections jumped from 3% to 11%. COVID hospital staff had more infections in 1st wave, while non-COVID staff had more in second. Direct patient care threatened 36% in 1st wave and 42% in second. ICU infection rates fell from 10% to 6% with air filters. Hospital-acquired infections were 30%. Better personal protective equipment (PPE) management reduced risks from 10-3%.
Conclusions: The study underscores the dynamic nature of the COVID-19 impact on HCWs, highlighting how effective vaccination and stringent infection controls can mitigate risks. Ongoing training in infection control, continuous adaptation of policies based on current data, and maintaining high vaccination rates are essential to protect HCWs in future waves or similar pandemics.
Role of the sonographic assessment of fluid estimate score on evaluating intravascular volume status in critically ill patients
Authors: Raja Bhuvaneswari , Sada Chethan , H. R. Hemant
Published: August 2024

Background: Study aim to establish standardized scoring system using bedside ultrasonography to evaluate intravascular volume status in critically ill patients and to correlate this with traditional physician assessment methods.
Methods: A prospective pragmatic observational study was conducted at Narayana health city from August 2021 to February 2022, involving 100 adult medical ICU patients requiring volume status assessment. Patients with local infection, trauma, or increased intra-abdominal pressure were excluded. Volume status was categorized as hypovolemic, euvolemic, or hypervolemic using both the intensivist’s methods and the sonographic assessment of fluid estimate (SAFE) score. The agreement between these methods was analyzed.
Results: The SAFE score showed a high agreement with the physician’s assessment methods, with a Kappa value of 0.91. The SAFE score demonstrated sensitivity of 100 % and specificity of 100% for identifying hypervolemic (score>1) and (score≤-1) for patients with hypovolemia, both with 100% positive and negative predictive values. For euvolemic patients, the SAFE score had 57.47% specificity, a 26% PPV, and a 100% NPV. Subgroup analyses, including mechanically ventilated patients, those with ARDS, vasopressor requirements, and septic shock, confirmed statistically significant agreement between the two methods.
Conclusions: The SAFE score is a reliable, non-invasive, cost-effective, and time-efficient method to assess volume status in critically ill ICU patients. It offers a standardized alternative to traditional assessment techniques, with specific thresholds indicating hypovolemia (>-2), hypervolemia (> 2), and euvolemia (-1 to 1).
A comparative study of platelet count by manual method and automated analyser: a retrospective study
Authors: M. Gayathri , K. M. Prajna , Ullas Chaithanya
Published: August 2024

Background: Platelets are essential for hemostasis and preventing bleeding. They are produced in the bone marrow at a rate of about 10 per day. The normal platelet count range is 150,000 to 450,000 per microliter of blood. Accurate platelet counts are crucial for diagnosing and managing related disorders. This study aims to promote advanced technologies and improve healthcare practices, enhancing patient outcomes.
Methods: This retrospective study was included 199 individuals. Venous blood samples were collected in EDTA vacutainer tube for the estimation of platelet count in manual and automated method. The results were analysed using SPSS software
Results: The average mean values of platelet in manual method were 208080 and in the automated method was 215979. Analysis of data obtained showed that there was a statically significant differences in manual and automated method of platelet count (p values 0.011). There was Significant differences among Thrombocytopenia, Normal, Thrombocytosis were observed in manual as well in automated method with p values less than 0.001. There were no significant differences in platelet counts across age and gender groups been observed in both the methods.
Conclusion: The study found that the mean values of platelet in manual method was manual slightly higher compared to automated methods and showed statically significant. Additionally, there was a statistical difference between both the methods of platelet count among different patient groups However, no significant differences were observed in platelet counts based on gender or age groups.
A comparison of macular ganglion cell complex thickness in diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy using SD-OCT
Authors: Ranjan Ravi , Sharma Reena , Gupta Narendra Kumar , Yadav Himanshi
Published: August 2024

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of visual impairment in working-age individuals. Retinal neurodegeneration due to pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammation precede the clinical signs of DR. Preserving the integrity of the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is essential for maintaining visual function.
Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional study involved 120 subjects, divided into three groups: 40 normal controls (G1), 40 diabetics without retinopathy (G2), and 40 diabetics with retinopathy (G3). Measurements of ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness were taken for each participant. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and/or unpaired t-tests, and Pearson’s correlation was used to evaluate the linear correlation between variables, with a significance threshold of p<0.05.
Results: The mean GC-IPL thickness was 84.81±5.02 µm for normal controls, 73.3±12.48 µm for diabetics without retinopathy, and 67.18±14.58 µm for diabetics with retinopathy (overall p<0.001). The mean RNFL thickness was 100.35±4.14 µm for normal controls, 85.80±14.04 µm for diabetics without retinopathy, and 80.25±21.03 µm for diabetics with retinopathy (overall p<0.001). There was no significant correlation between GC-IPL thickness and HbA1c levels (p>0.05).
Conclusions: Diabetic patients, both with and without DR, exhibited significant reductions in GC-IPL and RNFL thickness compared to controls, indicating neuro retinal changes precede vascular changes in DR. However, the correlation between RNFL/GC-IPL thickness and diabetes duration or HbA1c levels was not significant. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is thus a useful non-invasive tool for early detection of neuronal loss before clinical signs of retinopathy.
Comparative evaluation of intubation difficulty score using C-Mac video-laryngoscope and macintosh laryngoscope in obese patients undergoing general anaesthesia
Authors: Malik Neha , Shabeen Ghazala
Published: August 2024

Background: Obesity, a global epidemic, predicted to have difficult airways which can be evaluated preoperatively with advancement of technologies for airway management. The present prospective study was done to evaluate and compare the intubation difficulty score (IDS) in videolaryngoscope with standard Macintosh laryngoscope.
Methods: Our study included 50 obese patients divided into two groups: Group OC (intubation done with C-Mac videolaryngoscope) and Group OM (Macintosh laryngoscope). The patients were evaluated for macroglossia, upper lip bite test, modified Mallampati grade, inter incisor gap and Wilson score in preoperative period. Intraoperatively IDS, time taken for intubation and complications were studied.
Results: IDS has sensitivity and specificity of 82.3% and 66.67% respectively. 12 patients in OM group and 3 in OC group had very difficult IDS (48% vs. 12%; p <0.05). Mean time taken for intubation was more in OM group (26.08 +/- 9.8 secs) as compared to OC group (15.96 +/- 7.2 secs). Inter incisor gap grade 2 have 8.3% of patients in easy IDS, 30.4% moderately difficult and 53.3% in very difficult IDS (p<0.05). Very difficult IDS group had total Wilson score of 5.60 as compared to 4.52 in moderately difficult group and 3.17 in easy IDS group.
Conclusions: This study reveals that as compared to standard Macintosh laryngoscope, C-Mac videolaryngoscope is better for intubation in obese patients in terms of IDS. Time taken for intubation and complications are less with videolaryngoscope. Inter incisor gap and Wilson score measured pre operatively are significant predictor of difficult airway in relation with IDS.
Methods for functional and aesthetic rehabilitation of maxillectomy defect: a systematic review
Authors: Datarkar Abhay , Khruomo Aneizo , Daware Surendra
Published: August 2024

Maxillectomy, a surgical procedure often required for the treatment of maxillofacial tumors, results in significant anatomical and functional defects. Reconstruction of these defects poses a substantial challenge due to the complex anatomy and the need to restore both form and function. Various techniques, including obturators, free flaps, virtual surgical planning (VSP), zygomatic implant and PSI have been developed to address these challenges. Objective; This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness, outcomes, and complications associated with different reconstructive techniques for maxillectomy defects. A systematic literature through electronic and manual search was conducted. A total of 8 studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 390 patients undergoing maxillectomy reconstruction. Free flap reconstructions also showed favorable outcomes but required longer operative times and were associated with a higher incidence of donor site morbidity. While obturators are effective for small palatal defects, larger defects benefit more from autologous free tissue transfer, achieving superior functional and aesthetic outcomes. The incorporation of VSP and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technologies significantly enhances the precision of osseous reconstructions, leading to improved patient outcomes.
Aripiprazole as a safer alternative for reproductive-age females with schizophrenia spectrum disorder: a case series
Authors: Hirwe Lalit , Bharati Anup
Published: August 2024

This case series investigates the use of aripiprazole as a safer alternative for reproductive-age females with schizophrenia experiencing galactorrhea due to antipsychotic treatment, primarily risperidone. Galactorrhea, the spontaneous discharge of breast milk, is a distressing side effect associated with elevated serum prolactin levels induced by certain antipsychotics. In three cases, females aged 30 to 40 diagnosed with schizophrenia and well-maintained on risperidone developed galactorrhea. Seeking to address both schizophrenia symptoms and galactorrhea, a gynecologist initiated cabergoline treatment to regulate prolactin levels. Simultaneously, the patients underwent a gradual transition from risperidone to aripiprazole. Over the course of the study, aripiprazole effectively mitigated galactorrhea, normalized serum prolactin levels, and maintained the stability of schizophrenia treatment. This case series suggests that aripiprazole may serve as a beneficial alternative for reproductive-age females, offering a balance between managing psychiatric symptoms and minimizing distressing side effects. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and explore the broader implications of aripiprazole in similar clinical contexts.
Unveiling the uncommon autoimmune insights: systemic lupus erythematosus and Addison’s disease
Authors: Khandait Vinod , Kotwal Aakash , Rathi Tejas , Ruke Mayur , Rathod Joshna , Wazade Aniket , Thakre Gulshan
Published: August 2024

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been on the rise with the availability of easily accessible diagnostic modalities and prompt treatment. This autoimmune disease encompasses a wide range of clinical features, hinting at multisystem involvement. SLE manifesting as adrenal insufficiency has been reported in the literature as a rare occurrence. We describe one such uncommon case of an 18-year-old girl who presented with adrenal crisis. The clinical complexity of her presentation led to a comprehensive clinical and laboratory evaluation. An ANA-immunoblot revealed the underlying causative factor, SLE. She was started on parenteral therapy with steroids and showed a remarkable recovery. This case emphasizes the diverse presentations of SLE and the need to maintain a high index of suspicion when dealing with such peculiar cases. Early diagnosis and quick initiation of therapy are crucial in managing SLE effectively. Increased awareness among healthcare professionals is also essential to improve patient outcomes. This case highlights the importance of considering SLE in differential diagnoses, even in uncommon presentations, to ensure timely and appropriate treatment. With improved diagnostic capabilities, more cases like this can be identified and managed successfully.
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria presenting as acute renal injury
Authors: Saini Sandeep , Koley Himadri , Dhoot Dipesh K. , Cheluvaiah Chandrashekar , Puri Rohit , Karunanidhi Devada S. , Jatteppanavar Basavaraj , Biswal Anshuman , Ahlawat Parul
Published: August 2024

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired chronic hemolytic anemia characterized by persistent intravascular hemolysiswith occasional or frequent recurrent exacerbations. In addition to hemolysis, there may be, pancytopenia and a distinct tendency to venous thrombosis. This triad makes PNH a truly unique clinical condition; however, not all of these three features manifest on presentation. Not many reports of renal involvement in PNH are available in the literature. We report a case of acute kidney injury (AKI) due to PNH. This case shows AKI as one of the complications of PNH.
Acute rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis in a patient with uncontrolled type I diabetes mellitus: a case report
Authors: Rohit  , Sachin Khanduri  , Khan Zaara , Tariq Ahmad Imam  , Ashok Gupta  , Nadeem Alam  , Namra Mahmood  , Jaiswal Vinima , Sana  , Aastha Agrawal
Published: August 2024

Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is a severe and often fatal fungal infection that primarily affects immunocompromised individuals, especially those with diabetes mellitus. The fungi, primarily Rhizopus oryzae, exhibit angio-invasive properties leading to extensive tissue necrosis and vascular occlusion, contributing to high morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and prompt intervention are crucial for improving patient outcomes. We present the case of a 32-year-old female with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes mellitus who experienced progressive blackening of the skin on the right side of her face, weakness in both upper and lower limbs, swelling in the right orbital region, proptosis, and diminished vision in her right eye over 10 days. Diagnosis was made through physical examination and MRI findings. The patient underwent extensive debridement surgery and was treated with intravenous amphotericin B. MRI indicated complete mucosal thickening and air-fluid levels in the right maxillary sinus extending to the ethmoid, frontal, and sphenoid sinuses, and the "Black turbinate sign" was observed in the ipsilateral turbinates. Additional findings included right orbital cellulitis with endophthalmitis, optic neuritis, and an acute infarct in the right temporal lobe and ipsilateral lentiform nucleus. Successful surgical debridement and antifungal therapy followed the ROCM diagnosis. This case highlights the need for a high index of suspicion for ROCM in diabetic patients with facial and orbital symptoms, and emphasizes the necessity of early imaging and aggressive treatment to reduce the associated high risks.
Methanol poisoning induced chronic neurological sequelae
Authors: Kaur Amolpreet , Chandey Manish , Singh Parminder
Published: August 2024

Acute methanol intoxication can have serious neurological sequelae which can entail the course of illness. Patients generally present with acute neurological, visual, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Here we present a case of methanol poisoning who developed profound vision loss and severe brain damage with characteristic bilateral necrosis of the putamen shown on magnetic resonance imaging. This study highlights a unique undiagnosed case report of blindness associated with extrapyramidal symptoms, which was later found to be associated with methanol poisoning. A high index of suspicion is required for timely management of such cases, to prevent the long-term neurological sequelae.
Duodenal’s perforation, a surgeon’s challenge
Authors: Seema Marco Polo Tovar Ferrer  , Luis Enrique Santillan Bautista  , Karina Sanchez Reyes
Published: August 2024

Duodenal perforation (DP) represents a rare but potentially fatal condition. Delayed diagnosis and failure to provide appropriate management lead to devastating outcomes. It is known that timely treatment (<24 hours) of duodenal perforations reduces morbidity and mortality. Currently, there are multiple surgical options for managing DP, each with its respective potential complications; however, there is no consensus or national or international guidelines validating the best surgical method for treatment. This review article aims to provide the available surgical options with the lowest morbidity rates to address such a complex pathology.
The effect of meditation on telomerase and stem cell
Authors: I. Gusti Ngurah Putra Eka Santosa  , I. Made Jawi  , I. Made Bakta  , I. Wayan Putu Sutirta Yasa  , I. Made Ady Wirawan  , Cokorda Agung Bagus Jaya Lesmana  , Yenny Kandarini  , Susy Purnamawati  , Ida Bagus Yorky Brahmantya
Published: August 2024

Meditation has garnered increasing interest due to its potential effects on cellular aging processes, particularly telomere and stem cells. This narrative review aims to synthesize existing research on how meditation affects telomeres and stem cells. Meditation significantly influences telomere through stress reduction, immune system, inflammation, and oxidative stress modulation. Meditation has been shown to reduce stress, improve circadian rhythms, and modulate the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, thereby decreasing cortisol levels and promoting telomere maintenance. Melatonin, elevated through meditation, further supports telomere health by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Meditation also affects the activity of genes associated with inflammation and stress response, contributing to telomere integrity. Through increasing antioxidant defenses and reducing oxidative damage, meditation also reduces oxidative stress that can damage telomeres. In the context of stem cells, meditation may also increase telomerase activity (TA), which plays a role in maintaining telomere length (TL) and supporting stem cell function essential for tissue regeneration. Despite promising findings, gaps remain in understanding the precise mechanisms through which meditation modulates telomere and stem cells. Future research should further elucidate the mechanisms involved and explore the long-term implications of meditation on cellular aging processes.
Role of homoeopathy of AYUSH in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Tripathy Tridibesh , Das Shankar , Dwivedi Rakesh , Nayak C. , Singh D. P. , Tripathy B. , Sahu D. R. , Gautam Mohini , Prusty Umakant , Mishra Madan M. , Pradhan P. B. , Pattnaik J. K. , Pandey S. N. , Tripathy Sanskriti , Tripathy Anjali , Tripathy S. C.
Published: August 2024

The article focuses on the issue of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) that affects the children and adolescents who are the future of the nation. The primary focus of the article is to see the role of homoeopathy of Ayush in dealing with the issue of ADHD. The article begins with the section like introduction followed by the epidemiology of ADHD. Thereafter, it traverses through the clinical features of ADHD. The sections that follow are the diagnosis of ADHD, causes and risk factors of ADHD, manifestations of ADHD. Challenges of ADHD, gender issues related to ADHD, role care givers as support system are also discussed in the article. The article proposes a homoeopathic treatment protocol at the end while focusing on the aspects of essential medicine properties of homoeopathic therapeutics.
Exploring ‘algo-rhythms’ in cardiovascular diseases: a narrative review of the efficacy of using artificial intelligence in coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation
Authors: Sharma Saksham , Bhatia Simran , Dixit Aishwar , Kumar Akshaya J. , Singla Harshal
Published: August 2024

Recent strides in cardiology have introduced a transformative era by integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into coronary artery disease (CAD) management. This comprehensive review comprehensively explores AI applications in CAD, including diagnosis, screening, risk stratification, treatment assistance, and prognosis. Acknowledging AI's potential to revolutionize CAD care, the review emphasizes understanding current integration and limitations for clinicians and researchers. The manuscript explores the current and potential applications of AI in managing cardiovascular disorders underscoring the developments in cardiovascular care for CAD and atrial fibrillation (AF). The manuscript has been drafted based on scale for the assessment of narrative review articles (SANRA) guidelines to search, compile, contemplate, and extract data. Investigators independently searched PubMed, and Google Scholar following the protocol mentioned in the literature. This manuscript illuminates the evolving landscape of AI in CAD and AF management. While showcasing AI's promise in diagnostic accuracy and treatment strategies, the review emphasizes a cautious yet optimistic approach. The comparison with conventional methods reveals AI's efficacy, signalling a paradigm shift in cardiovascular care. Acknowledging limitations, researchers and clinicians are urged to navigate the integration of AI with discernment. The synthesis of optimism and caution guides the harnessing of AI's transformative potential in advancing cardiovascular healthcare.
Access to reproductive health services by female survivors of sexual gender-based violence: a descriptive cross-sectional study of Nairobi City County, Kenya
Authors: Oredo Pascal O. , Kimani Harun M. , Mugo Judy
Published: August 2024

Background: Sixty percent of women globally are exposed to reproductive health problems related to sexual gender-based violence. In Kenya, sexual violence is one of the top 10 risk factors for disease burden. The study aimed to determine access to reproductive health services by female survivors of sexual gender-based violence in Nairobi city county, Kenya.
Methods: The study adopted descriptive cross-sectional design using pretested questionnaires. Study population was 269 female survivors of sexual gender-based violence. Data was analysed thematically and presented by use of percentages and frequencies distribution tables. Binary logistic regression model was used to determine relationships between dependent and independent variables. Odds ratios were evaluated for significance by considering the 95% confidence interval at p value ≤0.05.
Results: Access to reproductive health services by female survivors of sexual gender-based violence was 26%. Service availability for survivors in the facilities had a 3 times likelihood of access sexual, knowledge on failure to seek immediate medical attention had 4 times likelihood to increase access while awareness of the period to have prophylaxis had 4.66 times likelihood to increase access. Services provided to survivor had 39% likelihood to increase access, survivors screened for sexually transmitted disease before admission had 10% more likelihood to access and survivors who received post exposure prophylaxis had 0.62 times likelihood of access to sexual reproductive health services.
Conclusions: Availability of comprehensive sexual reproductive health services at the facility and good knowledge would increase access to reproductive health services.
Distribution of cardiovascular disease risk factors between hypertensive and normotensive adults in Garissa County, Kenya
Authors: Osman Abdihakim M. , Kimani Harun M. , Gitahi Mary W.
Published: August 2024

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are diseases affecting the heart and the blood vessels. Globally hypertension is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease and premature death, affecting 26% of the world population with prevalence expected to rise to 29% by 2025. The main study outcome was the distribution of cardiovascular disease risk factors. Secondary outcomes were the knowledge and socio-economic factors and their impact on distribution of cardiovascular disease risk factors.
Methods: This was a retrospective case control study. Information regarding the sociodemographic, cardiovascular disease risk factors, knowledge and socioeconomic factors were collected from 140 adult patients (70 hypertensives and 70 normotensives) seeking outpatient services in Garissa County, Kenya. The 95% confidence limit was used and findings whose p≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Majority of the participants were aged >65 years (28.6%), followed by 56-65 years (24.3%) with a range of 25-75 years and were mainly male (57.1%), had attained at least a primary school education level (39.3%) and employed (53.6%). The prevalence of increased cardiovascular disease risk factors (>3 CVD risk factors) was 72.1% among the study participants with the hypertensive arm having 14.9% higher prevalence. There was statistically significant association between BMI and knowledge with distribution of cardiovascular disease risk factors (p=0.01) and (p=0.05) respectively.
Conclusions: The hypertensive arm had marginally higher cardiovascular disease risk factors. High BMI and low knowledge were both associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk factors. Prospective studies with larger sample size and encompassing more counties are recommendable.
The effect of social media uses on mental health: study among health vocational student at Universitas Esa Unggul, Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Fannya Puteri , Indawati Laela , Putra Daniel H.
Published: August 2024

Background: Social media has growth significantly in terms of quality, consumption, and quantity. Social media consumers have made online social communication an important part of their daily lives, as evidenced by the increasing number of daily users. Many studies on the effects of social media have been conducted, and it has been found that frequent use of social media sites can be linked to negative symptoms and indicators of depression, anxiety, and stress. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of social media use on the mental health of vocational students at the Faculty of Health Sciences, Esa Unggul University.
Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design with a Chi-square test. Data were collected using the General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ-12) to assess mental health levels. Data on characteristics and social media usage behaviour were collected by asking a series of questions through a questionnaire.
Results: The results of this study showed that 60.2% of the 108 respondents used 3-4 social media applications. A total of 47.2% of respondents accessed social media for more than 4 hours per day, and only 22.2% accessed social media for less than 2 hours per day. There was a significant relationship between the duration of social media use and mental health levels (p value=0.001). Meanwhile, there was no significant relationship between the number of applications used and mental health levels (p value=0.475).
Conclusions: Based on the above study results, it is expected that students can limit the intensity of their daily social media use.
Impact of work and working conditions on chronic low back pain among fisher women: a cross sectional study in Trivandrum
Authors: Abdul Rahim Jazeela , Kannan Srinivasan , Rajagopalan Harini , Nafi Muhammed
Published: August 2024

Background: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of chronic low back pain, its severity and associated factors among fisherwomen.
Methods: Cross-sectional survey conducted among 336 fisherwomen aged 18-49 years from 7 fishing villages in Trivandrum. The prevalence of chronic low back pain estimated using Nordic body map. Pain severity was assessed using the pain numeric rating scale.
Results: Prevalence of chronic low back pain was 45%. High BMI, UTI history, stress-induced headaches, falls, physical abuse, water-collection frequency, work-experience, and standing duration were associated with chronic low back pain. The pain severity prevalence was 23.8% mild, 51.65% moderate and 24.5% severe. Income, continuous-standing, improper-seating, and stipulated rest-time were associated with seventy of chronic low back pain. Standing continuously and improper seating were predictors of pain severity.
Conclusions: Low back pain is common among fisherwomen contributed by work-related behavior. Posture correction measures such as educating the fisherwomen on appropriate posture and need for relaxation will improve their health conditions. Improved working environments which include proper resting place, designated space for vending with proper seating arrangement with chairs and with back support will improve the LBP status of fisherwomen.
Time series analysis of chickenpox cases admitted in infectious disease hospital in a metropolitan city, Mumbai, India
Authors: G. Prahatheeswaran , Sable Pavan Laxman , Balasubramanian Sowntappan
Published: August 2024

Background: Chickenpox is a major public health problem; the concern is high as the disease is closely related to climate change.
Methods: This was a retrospective study, conducted for 1 year in an infectious disease hospital in a metropolitan city. Data of chickenpox cases of Mumbai between 2009 to 2018 were obtained. Data was analysed using SPSS-time series analysis and forecasting model.
Results: 88% cases belonged to the 21-40 years, proportion of men affected were more than women. A seasonal distribution of cases was observed. Winter’s multiplicative model was used for forecasting.
Conclusions: The trend analysis along with forecasting model helps in being prepared for the year ahead.
A study of prevalence and associated risk factors of hypertension in urban health training center: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Patil Santosh D. , Ganganahalli Praveen , Yenkanchi Sandeep
Published: August 2024

Background: WHO estimates that, 57 million disabilities adjusted lifetimes are attributed to hypertension. The global health overlook data reported that the age standardized frequency of hypertension is 24.1% and 20.1% for males and females respectively. Objectives were to find out the prevalence of hypertension in the urban field practice area and to study the risk factors associated with hypertension.
Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out in urban field practice area of medical college. Sample size of 350 participants of age more than 19 years residing in study area. Data collected by using simple random sampling by house-to-house visit. A pre-structured and pretested questionnaire used to interview the patients after obtaining their consent. The data was analyzed using SPSS.
Results: 51.9% were having normal BP, 18.5% were having prehypertension, 19.7% were having stage-I HTN and 9.9% of the subjects were having stage-II HTN. Overall prevalence of hypertension in the study population was 29.6%. The prevalence of HTN was 32.42% in subjects who had family history of hypertension when compared to 33% in subjects who do not have a positive family history. In the present study, prevalence of HTN was 62% in past smokers compared to 33% in current smokers and 10% in nonsmokers.
Conclusions: There is a significant burden of hypertension in urban areas. Age, education, and overcrowding were independent risk factors of hypertension in the present study. This study projects the need of an early detection of hypertension at the community level, which can be achieved by repeated periodic screening of the individuals.
Health profile of adult beedi workers among unorganized sectors in Kolar city
Authors: S. Harish , Kamath Prasana
Published: August 2024

Background: Over 35 million people are involved in tobacco industry. Beedi rolling causes serious occupational health hazards to the workers and their family who are constantly exposed to tobacco dust and hazardous chemicals, compounded by factors at the place of work. Occupational diseases due to inhalation of tobacco dust and the other is the result of long hours of continuous sitting in an improper working posture.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among adult beedi workers residing in Kolar city. The study included 384 beedi workers. A pretested, semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data.
Results: The study comprised of 384 study subjects out of which, Among the health problems, most common were musculoskeletal problems involving 277 (72.02%) subjects, followed by respiratory problems among 159 (41.40%), eye problems among 46 (11.9%) and others 23 (5.9%). Most common chronic illness were found to be Hypertension in 43 (43.88%) followed by Asthma 26 (26.53 %), Diabetes mellitus 12 (12.24%), ischemic heart disease 7 (7.4%) and others 10 (10.20%). Lung functions were assessed by spirometry in 83 study subjects of whom 9.6% were having obstructive features, followed by 2.4% with restrictive features, 3.6% having mixed.
Conclusions: Musculoskeletal problem was the most common morbidity. Which was related to the working posture of continuous forward bending of the trunk. Educational status of such workers was found to play an important role in creating awareness and in turn utilization of welfare schemes.
Knowledge and practice of menstrual hygiene: a cross-sectional study among high school girls in Mangalore Taluk
Authors: Sanjay Lakshmi , Hondappagol Amrut
Published: August 2024

Background: Understanding and practicing menstrual hygiene is crucial for women’s health globally. Unsafe menstrual hygiene practices (MHP) contribute to a lower quality of life. In impoverished nations, gender inequity, societal norms, cultural taboos, poverty, and inadequate facilities hinder meeting menstrual health demands. The study aimed to assess the level of knowledge and practice of menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls in Mangalore Taluk, Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 482 adolescent girls from government high schools in Mangalore Taluk. A cluster random sampling technique was adopted to select the schools and complete enumeration was done from each school with the aid of a semi-structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed by using SPSS v-23. Descriptive analysis showed frequency and percentage, and logistic regression explored associations between menstrual hygiene practices (MHP) and demographic variables.
Results: Out of 482 participants, 82.3% got primary menses information, mostly from mothers (77.8%). About 48.5% had average menstruation knowledge, and 76.8% followed proper MHP. Urban areas showed 4.368 times higher MHP practice than rural areas, revealing a significant relationship.
Conclusions: Study finds Mangalore high school girls generally maintain average menstrual hygiene practices. It is very important to set up suitable disposal facilities in schools and to organise awareness campaigns on good menstrual hygiene habits. Thus, it contributes to improving quality of life.
The Indian context: an investigative study of assistive listening device usage and experiences among hearing aid users
Authors: Sigdel Surakshya , Prabhu Prashanth
Published: August 2024

Background: Assistive Listening Devices (ALDs) augment the functionality of hearing aids and cochlear implants, facilitating enhanced auditory communication for individuals with hearing impairment and potentially improving their life quality. The limited popularity of ALDs within the Indian context necessitates an investigation into the factors influencing their underutilization.
Methods: To address this, a survey assessing ALD awareness among Indian hearing aid users with at least one year of device usage was administered using a questionnaire. A total of 42 responses were collected and subjected to descriptive analysis.
Results: The findings of the study revealed a predominant willingness among hearing aid users to discover ALDs and their advantages in daily activities. A segment of the cohort was already conversant with ALDs, whereas a minor fraction showed reluctance towards acquiring additional information.
Conclusions: The obtained data indicates a requirement for further comprehensive research with a larger pool of data to understand the breadth of user dispositions and the motivation for the indifferent reception of ALDs in the Indian context.
Socio-cultural factors associated with mushroom consumption among tea garden population of Dibrugarh, Assam
Authors: Das Subhankar , Gogoi Gourangie , Mahanta Tulika Goswami
Published: August 2024

Background: Major challenge with climate change in India is sustaining food supply for economically disadvantaged leading to widespread malnutrition and related illnesses. Aim of the study was to assess the socio-cultural factors associated with mushroom consumption among tea garden population of Dibrugarh, Assam.
Methods: Community based cross-sectional study was conducted in which 6 tea gardens were selected based on high mushroom consumption. From each selected tea garden, 35 households were covered using simple random sampling technique and data was collected using a semi structured questionnaire.
Results: Majority (61.72%) of the respondents were males, 69.04% belonged to lower middle socioeconomic status (class IV). Easy availability (80%) during monsoon was common reason for consumption. Most of them (95.71%) used traditional identification methods. Traditional cooking methods were followed, with the assumption that those rendered all mushroom edible. Majority believed that lemon could dilute toxins in case of accidental poisoning.
Conclusions: There was a need to make community aware of scientific identification of edible mushroom to prevent morbidities and mortalities arising out of it.
A cross-sectional epidemiological study of animal bite victims in district hospital Alwar, Rajasthan, India
Authors: Muraleedharan Deepak , E. Neethu , R. Jayadevan , A. Hafis Ahammed , Kewalramani Suresh
Published: August 2024

Background: Rabies, an invariably fatal viral disease, transmitted to humans through animal bites, mostly dogs. According to WHO, each year, 23000-25000 people die in the SEA region due to rabies. These accounts for approximately 45% human deaths due to rabies worldwide. Objective was to study epidemiological trend of animal bite in Alwar district hospital.
Methods: A retrospective, record-based study was conducted in 200 animal bite victims presenting to district hospital Alwar, Rajasthan wherein information on monthly number of animal bite cases was collected from records section of the hospital. Information on annual number of animal bite cases was available from the annual report of the hospital from 2018 onwards, this data was used for studying the monthly variation in animal bite cases. Data were compiled and analyzed using Microsoft Excel.
Results: Among 200 victims 76.3% were males, 56.7% belongs to 15-45 years, 61.6% were living in urban area, 31.3% and 21.7% of the victims were agriculture worker and laborers respectively. Among 95.8% victims bitten by dog, 89% of them were stray. 89.4% had category III bite, lower extremity affected in 60.8%, fate of animal was unknown in 78.6% and 46% of the victims were bitten during evening hours.
Conclusions: Majority of bites were by stray dogs, unprovoked and category III bites. This indicates the need of large amount of anti-rabies serum or HRIG thereby increasing the cost of management of animal bite cases. There is a need to control stray dog population and immunize pet dogs.
Assessment of prevalence and epidemiological determinants of undernutrition in children of 6-60 months of the age in an urban slum of Mumbai, India
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Kembhavi R. , G. Prahatheeswaran
Published: August 2024

Background: In urban slums, several socio-demographic factors contribute for the occurrence of undernutrition in children of 6-60 months of the age, this study aims at Assessment of prevalence of undernutrition in children of 6-60 months of the age in an urban slum of Mumbai and to study associated factors.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Urban Slum which is a field practice area of institution. Children of 6-60 months of the age were included in the study and information was gathered by interviewing parents/caretakers and anthropometric measurement of all children confirming to the inclusion criteria were recorded. Data was analysed with SPSS v.22.0 with suitable tests.
Results: Prevalence of undernutrition was found 50.6%, more per cent of undernutrition was found in 25-60 months age 100 (54.1%), 90 (53.3%) girls, 132 (51%) nuclear family dwellers, in 43 (64.2%) children whose mothers got married <18 years age. 88 (71.5%) children with undernutrition belonged to Class IV, (B.G Prasad classification), statistically significant association of undernutrition was found with the factors age of child, mother’s education, birth order, birth weight, immunisation status, mother’s age at marriage, exclusive breast feeding, history of acute respiratory infection (ARI) and diarrhoea, and socio-economic status.
Conclusions: Study found certain socio-demographic factors like age, gender and birth order of child, type of family, age of mother during marriage and her literacy level, exclusive breast feeding, immunisation and frequency of ARI and diarrhoea associated with undernutrition.
A cross-sectional study to assess the pattern of work-related musculoskeletal disorder among class-IV workers of tertiary care centres in central India
Authors: Soni Anamika , Trivedi Anshuli , Verma Gyan Prakash
Published: August 2024

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are typically characterized by persistent pain and limitations in mobility and dexterity. They are highly prevalent and are the leading cause of severe long-term pain and physical disability. Providing stress-management training, encouraging regular breaks, and offering physical therapy and other treatments can alleviate the physical symptoms of work-related MSDs (WMSDs). Objectives were to assess the prevalence and patterns of WMSDs among class-IV workers and to identify the key factors contributing to WMSDs.
Methods: The study was conducted at the Hamidia Hospital and Gandhi Medical College Bhopal. 350 class IV workers were selected using random sampling, and data were collected by direct interview.
Results: Among all housekeeping staff, 82% showed symptoms of MSDs. Pain was predominantly reported in the lower back (49.3%), followed by the lower leg (32.9%). Among the 350 participants, 72 experienced mental stress manifested as difficulty falling asleep, restlessness, and anxiety. Gutkha, followed by smoking, was the most common substance abused by Class IV workers, which correlated with musculoskeletal pain. Participants with a BMI<18.5 and 25-29.99 reported more MSD pain compared to those with a normal BMI (18.5-24.99). Additionally, workers who did not exercise or exercised only 1-2 times a month experienced higher levels of pain.
Conclusions: Class IV workers face physically demanding tasks, so regular breaks should be advised. Promoting literacy can aid in the prevention and early detection of MSDs. Basic interventions and counselling are essential to prevent chronic pain, mental stress, and the development of MSDs.