bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharyngeal spreading of peri-implant infections under antiresorptive/antiangiogenic therapy
Authors: Kern Karsten , Lukmann Fania , Obreja Karina , Al-Maawi Sara , Carla Bellinghausen , Ghanaati Shahram , Rohde Gernot , Sader Robert , Schwarz Frank
Published: June 2021

Objectives

To assess the influence of antiresorptive/antiangiogenic therapy on the spreading of peri-implant infections in the pharyngeal region.

Material and methods

This analysis was based on tissue biopsies obtained from a total of twenty-five albino rats having either received (1) amino-bisphosphonate (Zoledronate) (Zo) (n=4), (2) RANKL inhibitor (Denosumab) (De) (n=4), (3) antiangiogenic medication (Bevacizumab) (Be) (n=4), (4) Zo+Be (n=3), (5) De+Be (n=5), or (6) no medication (Co) (n=5). Drug administration was repeated at 12 weeks. Chronic-type peri-implant infections were induced at titanium implants located in the upper jaws. The surface area (%) of infiltrated connective tissue (ICT) and CD68-positive cells was assessed within the lateral pharyngeal/retropharyngeal connective tissue zone.

Results

Mean (±SD) and median ICT% values and CD68 counts were markedly highest in the De+Be (11.10±6.04; 11.81; 95% CI − 3.89; 26.11) and De (5.70±5.06; 6.19; 95% CI − 2.34; 13.75) groups, reaching statistical significance for De CD68 counts over the Co (0.18±0.25; 0.18; 95% CI −2.14; 2.51) group. In both De+Be and De groups, the ICTs were occasionally associated with an ulceration of the epithelial compartment.

Conclusions

Induced peri-implant infections were not associated with any inflammatory lesions in pharyngeal tissues. While these findings were similar under Zo and Be medication, De and De+Be had a marked effect on ICT and CD68 values. The clinical relevance of these adverse findings needs further investigation.
Dietary intake, intestinal infection, and safe drinking water among children with anemia in Peru: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Westgard Christopher M. , Orrego-Ferreyros Luis A. , Calderón Liz Franco , Rogers Alexandra M.
Published: June 2021

Background

Anemia is a major public health concern that is present in 41.7% of children under 5 worldwide. The prevalence of anemia in Peru was 43.6% in 2017, a decrease by only 6.8% in 8 years. Despite great efforts made by the government to reduce anemia by distributing free multi-micronutrient supplements and promote the consumption of iron rich foods, progress has been slow. The current study sought to better understand why the prevalence remains high by analyzing the dietary intake, incidence of intestinal infectious disease, and access to safe drinking water by children with anemia in Peru.

Methods

A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from two national surveys that were combined by child ID. Descriptive statistics was analyzed to understand the experience of children with anemia in comparison to child without anemia. Logistic multivariate regression analyses were conducted to test the associations between anemia and dietary intake, intestinal infection, and access to safe drinking water.

Results

The sample included 586 children between 6 and 35 months. The prevalence of anemia in this population was 53%. The portion of children that consumed sufficient iron to meet the recommendation for their age was 62%. Of the children with anemia, 52% consumed sufficient iron to meet their recommendation, vs. 72% of children without anemia (p < 0.001). The children with anemia were more likely to have an intestinal infection during the previous year (35% vs. 26%, p = 0.057) and less likely to have access to safe drinking water (77% vs. 86%, p = 0.002) than those without anemia. The logistic analysis revealed that having an intestinal infection increased the odds of having anemia (OR = 1.64, CI 95% [1.041–2.584]), and having access to safe drinking waters decreased the odds of having anemia (OR = 0.578, [0.334–0.998]).

Conclusions

More than half of the children with anemia in Peru already consume sufficient iron to meet their daily requirement. However, they continue to have anemia, likely due to intestinal infection, such as diarrhea and parasites, from a lack of access to safe drinking water and hygienic practices.
Food and nutrition literacy status and its correlates in Iranian senior high-school students
Authors: Ashoori Marziyeh , Omidvar Nasrin , Eini-Zinab Hassan , Shakibazadeh Elham , Doustmohamadian Azam , Abdar-Esfahani Behnaz , Mazandaranian Mohammad
Published: June 2021

Background

Planning interventions to promote food and nutrition literacy (FNL) require a better understanding of the FNL status of the target group and its correlates.

Aims

This study aimed to examine the FNL status and its determinants in Iranian senior high-school students.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, FNL and its components (food and nutrition knowledge, functional skills, interactive skills, advocacy, critical analysis of information, and food label reading skill) were evaluated by a locally designed and validated, self-administered questionnaire. Besides, socioeconomic, demographic, anthropometric measures, as well as academic performance of 626 senior high-school students were assessed.

Results

The mean ± SD of the total FNL score (within potential range of 0 to 100) was 52.1 ± 10.96, which is below the minimum adequate level of 60. The probability of high FNL knowledge score was significantly higher among students who majored in Natural Sciences (OR = 1.73, CI = 1.09–2.75), had better school performance (OR = 1.13, CI = 1.06–1.20) and higher SES score (OR = 1.20, CI = 1.01–1.44). The score for food label reading was significantly lower in girls (OR = 0.45, CI = 0.31–0.67), while those who had a family member with the nutrition-related disease were more likely to have a higher score of food label reading skill (OR = 1.48, CI = 1.01–1.64).

Conclusion

The level of FNL in senior high-school students in Tehran was relatively low. These findings have key messages for the education system and curriculum designers to have more consideration for food and nutrition-related knowledge and skills in schools.
Alternatives to the conventional ‘Oxford’ tutorial model: a scoping review
Authors: Balwant Paul Tristen , Doon Roshnie
Published: June 2021

In higher education, one commonly used teaching approach that is intended to develop deep learning is that of the ‘Oxford’ tutorial—a personalized Socratic approach in which an instructor discusses course-related issues with a handful of students. Even though this conventional tutorial model is well supported in the literature, it may be neglected by research-driven academics and is expensive to operate. The latter issue has placed tutorials in the spotlight because higher education institutions are facing huge funding cuts worldwide. In light of these problems, a scoping review was conducted to explore financially viable alternatives to the Oxford tutorial for management education. Articles in highly ranked management education and development academic journals were collected by searching these catalogs and compiling a database of 48 articles published in four premier journals. These articles were reviewed by two independent raters in order to arrive at 8 alternatives to the Oxford tutorial model that can achieve similar objectives of said tutorials while reducing costs. These alternative tutorial models all involve the application of information communication technologies to tutorials and include peer instruction, simulations and games, online collaborative learning, syndicates, flipped classrooms, communication systems, tailored learning, and portfolios. Challenges and implementation guidelines are explained for each alternative tutorial model.
Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis in a child with ulcerative colitis: a case report
Authors: Ng Hon Yan , Guttman Orlee R. , Tucker Lori B.
Published: June 2021

Background

Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis (CRMO) is a condition characterized by sterile bone inflammation, usually occurring in childhood. Although the etiology remains unclear, this condition has been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) are also uncommon pediatric conditions with a known association with IBD.

Case presentation

We present a unique case of a pediatric patient with an initial diagnosis of CRMO, with subsequent diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis and PSC overlap, and eventually IBD.

Conclusions

Patients with CRMO may also develop PSC in addition to IBD, further highlighting the importance of IBD pathophysiology in both conditions. Clinical screening of associated gastrointestinal findings may be of value in patients with CRMO.
Omentin-1: a biomarker in large artery ischaemic stroke patients
Authors: Nasif Elham , Ragab Osama A. , Elhassanien Mahmoud E. , Al-Malt Ayman M.
Published: June 2021

Background

Omentin-1 is a novel adipocytokine that is related to atherosclerosis-based ischaemic cardiovascular disease and stroke. Previous studies have linked its lower levels with poor stroke outcomes. We aimed to assess the level of serum omentin-1 as a prognostic marker in patients with large artery ischaemic stroke.

Methods

Fifty ischaemic stroke patients suffering large artery ischaemic stroke and another 50 subjects without a prior history of strokes were recruited. All participants were subjected to neurological examinations, echocardiography and laboratory investigations including a lipid profile and HBA1c. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was measured for all participants. Stroke patients were evaluated by the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Infarction volume was measured by magnetic resonance image (MRI) and serum level of omentin-1 was gauged for all participants.

Results

Carotid IMT significantly increased in stroke patients compared to control subjects. While serum omentin-1 levels were higher in control non-diabetic subjects, they were lower in diabetic patients with ischaemic stroke. Serum omentin-1 levels were inversely correlated with NIHSS, carotid IMT, infarction volume and mRS scores in all stroke patients. Serum omentin-1 level less than 24.5 ng/ml showed 93.7%sensitivity and 44.4% specificity in prediction of poor stroke outcome while values less than 27.8 ng/ml in non-diabetic stroke patients had sensitivity and specificity with 87.5% and 55.6% respectively.

Conclusion

Lower levels of serum omentin-1 are associated with increased ischaemic stroke severity and poor functional outcome.
Genome wide identification and characterization of light-harvesting Chloro a/b binding (LHC) genes reveals their potential role in enhancing drought tolerance in Gossypium hirsutum
Authors: MEHARI Teame Gereziher , XU Yanchao , MAGWANGA Richard Odongo , UMER Muhammad Jawad , KIRUNGU Joy Nyangasi , CAI Xiaoyan , HOU Yuqing , WANG Yuhong , YU Shuxun , WANG Kunbo , ZHOU Zhongli , LIU Fang
Published: June 2021

Background

Cotton is an important commercial crop for being a valuable source of natural fiber. Its production has undergone a sharp decline because of abiotic stresses, etc. Drought is one of the major abiotic stress causing significant yield losses in cotton. However, plants have evolved self-defense mechanisms to cope abiotic factors like drought, salt, cold, etc. The evolution of stress responsive transcription factors such as the trihelix, a nodule-inception-like protein (NLP), and the late embryogenesis abundant proteins have shown positive response in the resistance improvement to several abiotic stresses.

Results

Genome wide identification and characterization of the effects of Light-Harvesting Chloro a/b binding (LHC) genes were carried out in cotton under drought stress conditions. A hundred and nine proteins encoded by the LHC genes were found in the cotton genome, with 55, 27, and 27 genes found to be distributed in Gossypium hirsutum, G. arboreum, and G. raimondii, respectively. The proteins encoded by the genes were unevenly distributed on various chromosomes. The Ka/Ks (Non-synonymous substitution rate/Synonymous substitution rate) values were less than one, an indication of negative selection of the gene family. Differential expressions of genes showed that majority of the genes are being highly upregulated in the roots as compared with leaves and stem tissues. Most genes were found to be highly expressed in MR-85, a relative drought tolerant germplasm.

Conclusion

The results provide proofs of the possible role of the LHC genes in improving drought stress tolerance, and can be explored by cotton breeders in releasing a more drought tolerant cotton varieties.
Cancer services in Sri Lanka: current status and future directions
Authors: Jayarajah Umesh , Abeygunasekera Anuruddha M.
Published: June 2021

Background

The burden of cancer in Sri Lanka is on the rise. The overall incidence of cancer in Sri Lanka has doubled over the past 25 years with a parallel rise in cancer-related mortality. Cancer has become the second commonest cause of hospital mortality in Sri Lanka. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the current status and future direction of cancer care in Sri Lanka.

Main body

In Sri Lanka, cancer services are predominantly provided by the state sector free of charge to the general public. With the establishment of national cancer policy on cancer prevention and control, there has been a commendable improvement in the cancer services provided island-wide. An increasing number of breast, oropharyngeal, thyroid, oesophageal, colorectal, lung, and gastric cancers are being diagnosed and treated annually. Primary prevention measures include restrictions in tobacco and HPV vaccination. Screening programs for selected cancers such as breast, oral and cervical cancers are delivered. Medical oncology units with facilities for systemic therapy and adequately supported by surgical, pathology, and radiology departments have been established in each district general hospital island-wide. Although the current progress is commendable, future changes are necessary to overcome the current limitations and to cater the ever increasing burden of cancer. Measures are necessary to enhance the coverage of Sri Lanka Cancer Registry. Timely high-quality research and audits are essential. Community participation in planning strategies for cancer prevention and treatment is minimal. Community-based palliative care facilities and radiation and other systemic therapy should be made available in all provinces. A culture of multi-disciplinary care with proper referral pathways would help to improve the current setting.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Sri Lanka has a reasonably balanced and continuously expanding program for prevention, screening, and treatment of cancers. Emphasis on preventive strategies related to reducing tobacco smoking, chewing betel, and obesity, making cancers a notifiable disease, involving the community in planning cancer care and prevention strategies, conducting research to evaluate cost-effectiveness of existing treatment and increasing radiotherapy facilities would further improve the cancer services in Sri Lanka.
Teratoma in the hepatoduodenal ligament: a case report
Authors: Nandan Ruchira , Dhua Anjan , Tyagi Sidharth , Jain Vishesh , Agarwala Sandeep , Bhatnagar Veereshwar
Published: June 2021

Background

Teratoma of the hepatoduodenal ligament is a rare entity. Only 17 cases of hepatoduodenal ligament teratoma exist in the literature.

Case presentation

A girl with antenatally detected intraabdominal lesion was brought to us at the age of 3 years for the prime concern of progressive abdominal distension. Evaluation showed that the mass was a teratoma arising likely from the hepatoduodenal ligament. During the excision, there was an inadvertent pin-point perforation of the common bile duct. Primary repair of the common bile duct was performed. The child had an uneventful recovery.

Conclusions

The significance of anticipating complications and taking adequate measures while dissecting the porta has been emphasized in this kind of rare location of a teratoma.
Effect of an antiracism intervention on disparities in time to lung cancer surgery.
Authors: Stein Jacob Newton , Cykert Samuel , Yongue Christina , Eng Eugenia , Wood Isabella Kathryn , Charlot Marjory
Published: June 2021

101

Background: Racial disparities are well described in the management of early-stage lung cancer, with Black patients less likely to receive potentially curative surgery than non-Hispanic Whites. A multi-site pragmatic trial entitled Accountability for Cancer Care through Undoing Racism and Equity (ACCURE), designed in collaboration with community partners, eliminated racial disparities in lung cancer surgery through a multi-component intervention. The study involved real-time electronic health record (EHR) monitoring to identify patients not receiving recommended care, a nurse navigator who reviewed and addressed EHR alerts daily, and race-specific feedback provided to clinical teams. Timeliness of cancer care is an important quality metric. Delays can lead to disease progression, upstaging, and worse survival, and Black patients are more likely to experience longer wait times to lung cancer surgery. Yet interventions to reduce racial disparities in timely delivery of lung cancer surgery have not been well studied. We evaluated the effect of ACCURE on timely receipt of lung cancer surgery. Methods: We analyzed data of a retrospective cohort at five cancer centers gathered prior to the ACCURE intervention and compared results with prospective data collected during the intervention. We calculated mean time from clinical suspicion of lung cancer to surgery and evaluated the proportion of patients who received surgery within 60 days stratified by race. We performed a t-test to compare mean days to surgery and chi2 for the delivery of surgery within 60 days. Results: 1320 patients underwent surgery in the retrospective arm, 160 were Black. 254 patients received surgery in the intervention arm, 85 were Black. Results are summarized in Table. Mean time to surgery in the retrospective cohort was 41.8 days, compared with 25.5 days in the intervention cohort (p<0.01). In the retrospective cohort, 68.8% of Black patients received surgery within 60 days versus 78.9% of White patients (p<0.01). In the intervention, the difference between Blacks and Whites with respect to surgery within 60 days was no longer significant (89.41% of Black patients vs 94.67% of White patients, p=0.12). Conclusions: Racial disparities exist in the delivery of timely lung cancer surgery. The ACCURE intervention improved time to surgery and timeliness of surgery for Black and White patients with early-stage lung cancer. A combination of real-time EHR monitoring, nurse navigation, and race-based feedback markedly reduced racial disparities in timely lung cancer care. [Table: see text]
Artificial intelligence (AI)–powered pathologic response (PathR) assessment of resection specimens after neoadjuvant atezolizumab in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: Results from the LCMC3 study.
Authors: Dacic Sanja , Travis William D. , Giltnane Jennifer Margaret , Abel John , Kos Filip , Hilz Stephanie , Hennek Stephanie , Fujimoto Junya , Sholl Lynette M. , Khalil Farah , Ritter Jon , D'Apuzzo Massimo , Lee Jay M. , Rusch Valerie W. , Carbone David Paul , Nicholas Alan , Johnson Ann , Schulze Katja , Kris Mark G. , Wistuba Ignacio Ivan
Published: June 2021

106

Background: PathR is an efficacy endpoint in Phase II and III neoadjuvant trials and is proposed as a surrogate for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival. Machine learning (ML)–based, automated approaches standardize quantification of areas of tumor bed and residual viable tumor. Here we show that automation may provide a scalable alternative to or complementary tool for manual assessment. Methods: We determined inter-reader variability for PathR among pathologists in the LCMC3 (NCT02927301) study and developed an AI-powered digital PathR assessment tool in line with manual consensus recommendations. Study cases were reviewed for PathR by a local site pathologist and 3 central expert pathologists (n = 127). When determined manually, major PathR (MPR) was defined as ≤10% viable tumor averaged per case. ML models were trained and validated by the PathAI research platform using digitized H&E-stained tumor sections. The digital PathR model predicted percent viable tumor for each case as the sum of the cancer epithelium area from each slide divided by the sum of tumor bed area for each slide. DFS (clinical cutoff: Oct 23, 2020) was reported for patients with manual and digital PathR assessment (n = 135). For digital MPR, we used a prevalence-matched cutoff that maintained the same proportion of patients as manual MPR. Results: Inter-reader agreement among 1 local and 3 central pathologists for manual PathR was good (n = 127; ICC = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.84-0.90). Agreement was 91% (κ = 0.82) on manual MPR and 98% (κ = 0.88) on pathologic complete response (pCR). 6 patients had unanimous pCR. Digital and manual PathR were strongly correlated (n = 135, Pearson r = 0.78) and digital PathR demonstrated an outstanding predictability for manual MPR (AUROC = 0.975). The range was 0%-60% for digital PathR and 0%-100% for manual PathR with a regression line slope < 1.0 (m = 0.303) indicating systematic differences between the methods, consistent with digital PathR using a high-resolution segmentation of cancer epithelium from stroma across each slide. Longer DFS was observed for MPR yes vs no with both digital and manual assessment (Table). Conclusions: This analysis showed good inter-reader agreement for manual and strong correlation of AI-powered digital and manual PathR. Comparable DFS rates for manual MPR and digital MPR are encouraging in the preliminary data. These data support further studies of digital PathR as a standardized and scalable tool to determine PathR. Clinical trial information: NCT02927301. [Table: see text]
Utility of the 70-gene MammaPrint assay for prediction of benefit from extended letrozole therapy (ELT) in the NRG Oncology/NSABP B-42 trial.
Authors: Rastogi Priya , Bandos Hanna , Lucas Peter C. , van 't Veer Laura , Wei Jia-Perng Jennifer , Geyer Charles E. , Fehrenbacher Louis , Graham Mark , Chia Stephen K. L. , Brufsky Adam , Walshe Janice Maria , Soori Gamini S. , Dakhil Shaker R. , Paik Soonmyung , Swain Sandra M. , Menicucci Andrea , Wang Shiyu , Audeh M. William , Wolmark Norman , Mamounas Eleftherios P.
Published: June 2021

502

Background: The 70-gene MammaPrint (MP) assay predicts risk of distant recurrence (DR) in hormone-receptor positive early-stage breast cancer and classifies cancers as Low Risk or High Risk. NSABP B-42 evaluated ELT in patients (pts) who had completed 5 yrs of adjuvant endocrine therapy (tx). The primary objective was to determine the utility of MP to identify pts enrolled in NSABP B-42 who are likely to benefit from ELT. Methods: A total of 1,866 pts from B-42 had available MP results. Primary endpoint is DR. Secondary endpoints are disease-free survival (DFS) and breast cancer-free interval (BCFI). For the primary analysis, pts were classified as High Risk (MP-H) (MP score ≤0.000) or Low Risk (MP-L) (MP score > 0.000). Exploratory analyses were performed for MP-L subcategories: MP Ultralow Risk (MP-UL) (MP score > 0.355) and MP-L but not MP-UL (MP-LNUL) (MP score > 0.000, ≤0.355). Likelihood ratio test based on stratified Cox proportional hazards (PH) model was used for treatment by risk group interaction. Stratified log-rank test was used to compare treatment groups. Hazard ratios and 95% CI were computed based on the stratified Cox PH model. Results: Among 1,866 pts, 706 (38%) were MP-H and 1,160 (62%) were MP-L. Of the MP-L, 252 (22%) were MP-UL. There were no significant differences in the distribution of patient and tumor characteristics between the MP group and the rest of the B-42 cohort, except for HER2 status. ELT effect was more pronounced in the MP cohort than in the overall B-42 population. For DR, there was statistically significant ELT benefit in MP-L (HR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.25-0.74, p = 0.002), but not MP-H (HR = 0.65, 0.34-1.24, p = 0.19) (interaction p = 0.38). For DFS, there was statistically significant ELT benefit in MP-L, but not MP-H (interaction p = 0.015). Similar findings were observed for BCFI (interaction p = 0.006). Within subcategories of MP-L, there was statistically significant ELT benefit in MP-LNUL, but not in MP-UL for all three endpoints, however the power in MP-UL was limited due to low number of pts (Table). Clinical trial information: 00382070. Conclusions: Statistically significant ELT benefit was observed for MP-L, but not MP-H. The treatment by risk group interaction was not statistically significant for DR, but it was for DFS and BCFI. The benefit appears to be stronger in MP-LNUL than in MP-UL. NCT: 00382070. Support: U10CA180868, -180822, U24CA196067; Novartis; Agendia.[Table: see text]
Comparison of the Spectral Features of the Frontal Electroencephalogram in Patients Receiving Xenon and Sevoflurane General Anesthesia
Authors: McGuigan Steven , Evered Lisbeth , Silbert Brendan , Scott David A. , Cormack John R. , Devapalasundaram Abarna , Liley David T. J.
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND:

Depth-of-anesthesia monitoring is often utilized for patients receiving xenon anesthesia. Processed electroencephalogram (EEG) depth-of-anesthesia monitoring relies to a significant extent on frequency domain analysis of the frontal EEG, and there is evidence that the spectral features observed under anesthesia vary significantly between anesthetic agents. The spectral features of the EEG during xenon anesthesia for a surgical procedure have not previously been described.

METHODS:

Twenty-four participants scheduled for general anesthesia for lithotripsy were randomized to receive either xenon anesthesia or sevoflurane anesthesia. Frontal EEG recordings were obtained from each participant via the Brain Anesthesia Response Monitor (BARM). Twenty-two EEG recordings were suitable for analysis: 11 in participants who received sevoflurane and 11 in participants who received xenon. Spectrograms for the duration of the anesthetic episode were produced for each participant. Group-level spectral analysis was calculated for two 30-second EEG epochs: one recorded at awake baseline and the other during maintenance anesthesia. A linear mixed-effects model was utilized to compare the changes in 5 frequency bands from baseline to maintenance between the 2 groups.

RESULTS:

The spectrograms of sevoflurane participants illustrate an increase in frontal delta (0.5–4 Hz), theta (4–8 Hz), and alpha (8–13 Hz) band power during maintenance anesthesia. In contrast, spectrograms of the xenon participants did not illustrate an increase in alpha power. The results of the linear mixed-effects model indicate that both agents were associated with a significant increase in delta power from baseline to maintenance. There was no significant difference in the magnitude of this increase observed between the agents. In contrast, sevoflurane anesthesia was associated with significantly greater absolute power in the theta, alpha, and beta (13–30 Hz) bands when compared to xenon. In terms of relative power, xenon was associated with a significant increase in delta power compared to sevoflurane, while sevoflurane was associated with greater increases in relative theta, alpha, and beta power.

CONCLUSIONS:

Both xenon anesthesia and sevoflurane anesthesia were associated with significant increases in delta power. Sevoflurane anesthesia was also associated with increases in theta, alpha, and beta power, while xenon anesthesia was associated with greater consolidation of power in the delta band. Xenon anesthesia and sevoflurane anesthesia are associated with distinct spectral features. These findings suggest that appropriate depth-of-anesthesia monitoring may require the development of agent-specific spectral measures of unconsciousness.
On the Finding of an Equilibrium: Düpp e–Weintraub and the Problem of Scientific Credit
Authors: Khan M. Ali
Published: June 2021

In this review article, I read a book that revolves around two papers published in 1954, one by Lionel McKenzie, and the other by Kenneth Arrow and Gérard Debreu—Till Düppe and E. Roy Weintraub’s Finding Equilibrium: Arrow, Debreu, McKenzie and the Problem of Scientific Credit (2014). Under a tripartite categorization of people, context, and credit, this book advances the claim that “by being applied, interpreted, shaped, and reshaped, [these] proofs came to symbolize a new intellectual culture in American economics and help reconstruct the body of economic knowledge” (Düppe and Weintraub 2014, p. 204). My reading leads me to contest this claim, and also to contest whether a history of economic analysis, much less a history of economic thought, can be written by taking refuge in the vernacular of ancillary discourses orthogonal to the subject matter whose history is being written, and without the disciplinary criteria that these discourses operate under. An unintended consequence of my reading is the identification of lacunae in the reception of these proofs, an underscoring of Paul A. Samuelson’s panoramic vision, and a reemphasis of the sterling contributions of David Gale, Thomas Kuhn, Hukukane Nikaido, and Hirofumi Uzawa. (JEL A14, B23, B30, C60)
"Διδακτήρια άθλια, ρυπαρά και ετοιμόρροπα, δυσώδη και σκοτεινά...": Η υγιεινή κατάσταση των σχολικών κτηρίων στα τέλη του 19ου αιώνα μέσα από τα θεσμικά κείμενα της εποχής
Authors: Κανταράκη Σοφία
Published: June 2021

Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης είναι η αποτύπωση της εικόνας των ελληνικών διδακτηρίων μέσα από θεσμικά κείμενα. Το τελευταίο τέταρτο του 19ου αι. παρατηρείται έντονα ένα επιστημονικό και νομοθετικό ενδιαφέρον για τη βελτίωση των συνθηκών της σχολικής φοίτησης στην ελληνική επικράτεια, γεγονός που πρόβαλε σταδιακά και την ανάγκη θεσμοθέτησης της σχολικής υγιεινής. Το πεδίο αυτό, έστω και καθυστερημένα για την ελληνική εκπαιδευτική πραγματικότητα, σηματοδοτεί τη μετάβαση σε ένα πλαίσιο αναγκαίων θεσμικών διενεργειών, συμπληρωματικών των νέων οικονομικών μετασχηματισμών και κοινωνικο-πολιτισμικών αλλαγών που «πυροδοτούνται» από τη δεκαετία του 1870 και μετά. Διαφαίνεται ότι η συμπόρευση της παιδαγωγικής και ιατρικής επιστήμης, αλλά και λόγοι κοινωνικής ισορροπίας, καθιστούν πλέον επιτακτική την ανάγκη εποπτείας της υγείας των μαθητών αλλά και του σχολικού περιβάλλοντος. Άμεσα συνυφασμένο αναδύεται το θέμα των διδακτηρίων και της ποιοτικής τους καταλληλότητας, ως κεντρικός άξονας γύρω από τον οποίο περιελίσσονται δυσλειτουργικά στοιχεία, αντιβαίνοντα τον σκοπό της εκπαίδευσης. Τα ευρήματα της έρευνας, μέσω της ποιοτικής ανίχνευσης θεσμικών τεκμηρίων, βεβαιώνουν και επιβεβαιώνουν τις ανησυχίες του εκπαιδευτικού κόσμου για την υποβαθμισμένη σχολική υγιεινή,  τις ελλείψεις, και την εν γένει αθλιότητα των διδακτηρίων στα τέλη του 19ου αιώνα.
Case Report: Transient cortical blindness following coronary angiography
Authors: Oktaviono Yudi Her , Kawilarang Maureen Victoria , Kawilarang Michael , Gunadi Ruth Irena , Philothra Petrina Theda , Al Farabi Makhyan Jibril
Published: June 2021

Temporary blindness, also known as transient cortical blindness, is an uncommon impediment of contrast agent usage during angiography procedures. The occurrence of blindness after a cardiac catheterization procedure is rare and its pathophysiology remains largely speculative. The most probable mechanism seems to be contrast agent-related disruption of the blood–brain barrier, possibly initiated by several predisposing factors. This case reports a 52-year-old man with transient vision loss that occurred following coronary angiography. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed no acute pathology and his vision spontaneously returned within approximately 15 hours post-procedure without any requirement of specific therapy. Suggesting that transient cortical blindness may have occurred following coronary angiography which subsequently self-resolved.
Interactive SARS-CoV-2 mutation timemaps
Authors: Warren René L. , Birol Inanc
Published: June 2021

As the year 2020 came to a close, several new strains have been reported of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the agent responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that has afflicted us all this past year. However, it is difficult to comprehend the scale, in sequence space, geographical location and time, at which SARS-CoV-2 mutates and evolves in its human hosts. To get an appreciation for the rapid evolution of the coronavirus, we built interactive scalable vector graphics maps that show daily nucleotide variations in genomes from the six most populated continents compared to that of the initial, ground-zero SARS-CoV-2 isolate sequenced at the beginning of the pandemic.

Availability: The tool used to perform the reported mutation analysis results, ntEdit, is available from GitHub. Genome mutation reports are available for download from BCGSC. Mutation time maps are available from https://bcgsc.github.io/SARS2/.
Comments about the appraisal of systematic reviews in restorative dentistry
Authors: Afrashtehfar Kelvin I.
Published: June 2021

Adequate adoption of evidence-based practice is deeply rooted in accessing methodological quality and completeness of systematic reviews and meta-analyses reporting. Nonetheless, this assumption might be flawed if the methodological quality assessment has not been properly conducted. Taking the former statement into consideration, this correspondence article encourages the improvement of future methodological quality assessment manuscripts, especially in the field of restorative dentistry. Thus, this article addresses a methodological quality assessment about systematic reviews in restorative dentistry by Sarkis-Onofre et al. in the May 2019 issue of the Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry as an example of evaluating appraisals of reviews for increasing the awareness of reviewers, authors, and readers.
Estimating the duration of seropositivity of human seasonal coronaviruses using seroprevalence studies
Authors: Rees Eleanor M. , Waterlow Naomi R. ,   Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases COVID-19 Working Group, Lowe Rachel , Kucharski Adam J.
Published: June 2021

Background: The duration of immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still uncertain, but it is of key clinical and epidemiological importance. Seasonal human coronaviruses (HCoV) have been circulating for longer and, therefore, may offer insights into the long-term dynamics of reinfection for such viruses.

Methods: Combining historical seroprevalence data from five studies covering the four circulating HCoVs with an age-structured reverse catalytic model, we estimated the likely duration of seropositivity following seroconversion.

Results: We estimated that antibody persistence lasted between 0.9 (95% Credible interval: 0.6 - 1.6) and 3.8 (95% CrI: 2.0 - 7.4) years. Furthermore, we found the force of infection in older children and adults (those over 8.5 [95% CrI: 7.5 - 9.9] years) to be higher compared with young children in the majority of studies.

Conclusions: These estimates of endemic HCoV dynamics could provide an indication of the future long-term infection and reinfection patterns of SARS-CoV-2.
Socioeconomic position and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional analysis of the CovidLife study
Authors: Pierre Miranda , Keller Markéta , Altschul Drew , Fawns-Ritchie Chloe , Hartley Louise , Nangle Clifford , Edwards Rachel , Dawson Rebecca , Campbell Archie , Flaig Robin , Porteous David J.
Published: June 2021

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been linked to an increase in mental health problems. This study examined their association with socioeconomic position (SEP), as well as potential confounding and mediating factors.

Methods: We analysed data from the CovidLife study (N=14,387; 66.4% female; mean [SD] age, 57.4 [13.9] years). Data were collected in an online survey of UK adults (aged 18 years or over) between 17 April and 7 June 2020. SEP measures included area deprivation (the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation [SIMD]), education level, household income, and employment status. Mental health was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale. Worry indices were derived using principal component analysis. Logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between SEP and mental health.

Results: Low SEP was associated with increased odds of depression and anxiety (odds ratio [OR] range 1.18-2.69). These associations remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, relationship status, and psychiatric history. Multivariable adjustment for medical worry and isolation during the pandemic had the largest attenuating effects (ranges 18-60% and 4-46%, respectively) on mental health outcomes. When adding further adjustment for the remaining SEP markers and all potential confounding and mediating factors, depression was associated with high area deprivation and low education level and income, whilst anxiety was only associated with low education level. No dose-response relationship was observed.

Conclusions: SEP was inversely associated with mental health, which was mostly explained by medical worry and isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health interventions might target these factors to prevent widening inequalities in mental health. Future studies should use longitudinal data to investigate the association.
Application of COSO and COBIT Frameworks for the Purpose of Organization of Internal Control
Authors: Nguen Thi Ha Mi
Published: June 2021

This article analyzes the relevance of this framework for the purposes of organizing internal control and proposes a scheme for integrating COBIT and COSO frameworks: the theses of these two frameworks are interconnected through the concepts of «process» and «information fl ows». The article also considers the application of the integrated concept in the context of the implementation of the principles of sustainable development in the activities of the organization.
Normative-Legal Regulation of the Composition Spare to Commercial Organization and Its Consequences
Authors: Polenova S.
Published: June 2021

In the article an attempt to research the composition an asset to commercial organization is executed, referred on rate FSBU 5/2019 «Spares», taken eff ect with 1 January 2021, to spare.
On Transactions Using the Financial Platform
Authors: Smirnov E.
Published: June 2021

July marks one year since the adoption of the Federal Law of July 20, 2020 No. 211-FZ «On the execution of financial transactions using a fi nancial platform». Th e practice of applying this legal act has shown that it signifi cantly facilitated the access of individuals to fi nancial services and that it makes sense to extend its eff ect in terms of the use of financial platforms also to legal entities and individual entrepreneurs.
Solving Classic Discrete Facility Location Problems Using Excel Spreadsheets
Authors: Brusco Michael J.
Published: June 2021

There are a variety of discrete facility location models that have practical relevance for operations management and management science courses. Integer linear programming (ILP) is the standard technique for solving such problems. An alternative approach that is often conceptually appealing to students is to pose the problem as one of finding the best possible subset of p facilities out of n possible candidates. I developed an Excel workbook that allows students to interactively evaluate the quality of different subsets, to run a VBA macro that finds the optimal subset, or to solve an ILP formulation that finds the optimal subset. Spreadsheets are available for five classic discrete location models: (1) the location set-covering problem, (2) the maximal covering location problem, (3) the p-median problem, (4) the p-centers problem, and (5) the simple plant location problem. The results from an assignment in a master’s-level business analytics course indicate that the workbook facilitates a better conceptual understanding of the precise nature of the discrete facility location problems by showing that they can be solved via enumeration of all possible combinations of p subsets that can be drawn from n candidate locations. More important, students directly observe the superiority of ILP as a solution approach as n increases and as p approaches n/2.
Review on Farmers’ Microfinance Services Participation and Its Impact on Poverty Reduction in Ethiopia
Authors: Mulatu Ejigu
Published: June 2021

The financial sector has enabling role for agriculture as credit is used for investments and savings ensure a safe storage of money. In Ethiopia, regarding microfinance service provision, consecutive reforms were made to sustain the service. However, utilization of the service among the community is at low-level and affected by a different factors. This review was crucial to review different research works on how farmers participate in the microfinance services and it is necessary to assess the determinants of farmers’ participation in microfinance services and evaluate its impact on clients poverty reduction. Despite the increased outreach and expanded service provision of microfinance in Ethiopia, the agricultural sector has low financial service provided due to clients and the institution related characteristics.The major objective of this review was to review farmers’ Microfinance services participation and its impact on poverty reduction in Ethiopia. Significant variation across different microfinance impact studies on methodological, analytical, conceptual and outcome variable selection has been happened. These conditions resulted in limited evidence about real impact of microfinance service due to scope, reliability, quality and ability to generalize the findings. Therefore, this review findings argue for further investment in impact assessment through broadening the criteria on which the impact is assessed and generalization is made for further policy directions.
Effect of Bio-Fertilizers on Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum) Production and on Soil Physico-Chemical Properties in Sudan Area of Burkina Faso
Authors: Coulibaly Pane Jeanne d’Arc , Sawadogo Jacques , Bambara Yémanlou A. I. , Ouédraogo Wendwaoga B. M. , Legma Jean Boukari , Compaoré Emmanuel
Published: June 2021

In Burkina Faso, vegetable production is a very important asset for its socio-economic development. However, this production faces many constraints that negatively affect its potential. The use of organic fertilization appears to be an alternative to address these constraints and could also promote sustainable agricultural production. In such a context, this study was conducted on tomato using two bio-fertilizers based on local substrates (Bokashi compost and compost enriched with Trichoderma harzianum). The objective was to assess the efficiency of the two bio-fertilizers by determining their effects on tomato yield and soil physico-chemical properties. It was conducted from 2018 to 2020 in Soala using a randomized Fischer block design with six treatments in three replications. The treatments were T0 (control), T1 (NPK+urea), T2 (Bokashi compost), T3 (compost enriched with Trichoderma harzianum), T4 (T1+T2) and T5 (T1+T3). The results showed that the bio-fertilizers alone contributed to maintain the neutrality of soil pH and very significantly improved its C, N, P and K content. Moreover, in combination with or not with NPK+urea, they influenced significantly plant growth, yield components and yield of tomato compared to T0 plot. In these years of trials, compost enriched with Trichoderma harzianum in combination with or not with NPK+urea, was found to be the most improving tomato yield and the increase was more than 300%. This compost could be therefore recommended to farmers in agriculture in general and particularly for vegetable production.
A world of violence, intimidation and crime
Authors: Martindale Darren
Published: June 2021

Young offenders are not as ‘popular’ as other vulnerable groups and yet in a world of intimidation, violence, county lines and organised crime, their need is just as great. Schools are among those on the front line of this battle. Darren Martindale explains more
Development of a Stockpile Heated and Ambient Air Dryer (SHAD) for Freshly Harvested Almonds
Authors: Mayanja Ismael Kilinya , Coates Michael C , Niederholzer Franz , Donis-González Irwin R
Published: June 2021

Highlights

Almonds are conventionally sun-dried on the orchard floor. Collection and removal of dried nuts from the orchard generates significant dust.

Almonds were dried on-farm directly from the almond tree eliminating field drying.

SHAD dryer uses a combination of heated and ambient air to dry almonds in a stockpile.

The dryer has a SMER of 0.64 kg/kWh, MER of 1.02 kg/h, and COP of 1.33.

Abstract. Dust generated by farming activities is a safety hazard to farmworkers and an environmental contaminant. During the almond (Prunus dulcis) harvest in California, dust is primarily generated by the mechanized movement of almonds disturbing the bare soil of the orchard floor, during the sun-drying, windrowing process, and as they are transferred into trucks for transport to processing facilities. Off-ground dust-less harvesting will only be achieved when the almond industry adopts feasible mechanical drying methods. Therefore, a stockpile heated and ambient air dryer (SHAD) was developed to determine the feasibility of dehydrating almonds (Var. ‘Monterey’). A stockpile containing 4,155 kg of almonds was created and almonds were dehydrated from their initial 12.6% almond kernel dry-basis moisture content (MCdb) to final MCdb of 6.04%. Drying was achieved as a combination of heated air at a temperature of 55°C in the drying plenum with airflow of 0.078 m3/s per m3 of fresh almonds. After drying, almond quality parameters were measured, including damage by molds or decay, insect injury, and presence of internal cavities. Drying energy consumption, cost, and performance indicators were also determined. The differences in MCdb between the bottom, middle, and top layers of the almond stockpile were significant (p = 0.05). Post-hoc Tuckey test was conducted which indicated that the MCdb in the top layer was significantly lower than almond MCdb in the middle and bottom layers. Results showed that damage by molds or decay, insect injury, and internal cavities were 1.81%, 0%, and 1.77%, respectively, after drying. Therefore, the overall almond quality was not compromised. The drying process cost $11.65 per tonne of the initial weight of almonds with a Specific Moisture Extraction Rate (SMER) of 0.64 kg/kWh, Moisture Extraction Rate (MER) of 1.02 kg/h, and a Coefficient of Performance (COP) of 1.33. Comparison with other dryers in the literature shows that SMER and MER were within limits. However, a low COP was observed. Keywords: Dust, Energy, Postharvest, Stockpile drying, Tree nut.s