bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution of multi-level B cell subsets in thymoma and thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis
Authors: Zhang Peng , Liu Yuxin , Chen Si , Zhang Xinyu , Wang Yuanguo , Zhang Hui , Li Jian , Yang Zhaoyu , Xiong Kai , Duan Shuning , Zhang Zeyang , Wang Yan , Wang Ping
Published: February 2024

B-cell subsets in peripheral blood (PB) and tumor microenvironment (TME) were evaluated to determine myasthenia gravis (MG) severity in patients with thymoma-associated MG (TMG) and the distribution of B cells in type B TMG. The distribution of mature B cells, including Bm1–Bm5, CD19+ and CD20+ B cells and non-switched (NSMBCs) and switched (SMBCs) memory B cells, were determined in 79 patients with thymoma or TMG. Quantitative relationships between the T and TMG groups and the TMG-low and TMG-high subgroups were determined. NSMBCs and SMBCs were compared in TME and PB. Type B thymoma was more likely to develop into MG, with types B2 and B3 being especially associated with MG worsening. The percentage of CD19+ B cells in PB gradually increased, whereas the percentage of CD20+ B cells and the CD19/CD20 ratio were not altered. The (Bm2 + Bm2′)/(eBm5 + Bm5) index was significantly higher in the TMG-high than in thymoma group. The difference between SMBC/CD19+ and NSMBC/CD19+ B cell ratios was significantly lower in the thymoma than TMG group. NSMBCs assembled around tertiary lymphoid tissue in thymomas of patients with TMG. Few NSMBCs were observed in patients with thymoma alone, with these cells being diffusely distributed. MG severity in patients with TMG can be determined by measuring CD19+ B cells and Bm1-Bm5 in PB. The CD19/CD20 ratio is a marker of disease severity in TMG patients. Differences between NSMBCs and SMBCs in PB and TME of thymomas can synergistically determine MG severity in patients with TMG.
Comparing the efficacy of coefficient of variation control charts using generalized multiple dependent state sampling with various run-rule control charts
Authors: Rao G. Srinivasa , Aslam Muhammad , Alamri Faten S. , Jun Chi-Hyuck
Published: February 2024

This paper aimed to develop a coefficient of variation (CV) control chart utilizing the generalized multiple dependent state (GMDS) sampling approach for CV monitoring. We conducted a comprehensive examination of this designed control chart in comparison to existing control charts based on multiple dependent state sampling (MDS) and the Shewhart-type CV control chart, with a focus on average run lengths. The results were then compared to run-rule control charts available in the existing literature. Additionally, we elucidated the implementation of the proposed control chart through concrete examples and a simulation study. The findings clearly demonstrated that the GMDS sampling control chart shows significantly superior accuracy in detecting process shifts when compared to the MDS sampling control chart. As a result, the control chart approach presented in this paper holds significant potential for applications in textile and medical industries, particularly when researchers seek to identify minor to moderate shifts in the CV, contributing to enhanced quality control and process monitoring in these domains.
Domain adaptation via Wasserstein distance and discrepancy metric for chest X-ray image classification
Authors: He Bishi , Chen Yuanjiao , Zhu Darong , Xu Zhe
Published: February 2024

Deep learning technology can effectively assist physicians in diagnosing chest radiographs. Conventional domain adaptation methods suffer from inaccurate lesion region localization, large errors in feature extraction, and a large number of model parameters. To address these problems, we propose a novel domain-adaptive method WDDM to achieve abnormal identification of chest radiographic images by combining Wasserstein distance and difference measures. Specifically, our method uses BiFormer as a multi-scale feature extractor to extract deep feature representations of data samples, which focuses more on discriminant features than convolutional neural networks and Swin Transformer. In addition, based on the loss minimization of Wasserstein distance and contrast domain differences, the source domain samples closest to the target domain are selected to achieve similarity and dissimilarity across domains. Experimental results show that compared with the non-transfer method that directly uses the network trained in the source domain to classify the target domain, our method has an average AUC increase of 14.8% and above. In short, our method achieves higher classification accuracy and better generalization performance.
Porous materials as effective chemiresistive gas sensors
Authors: Sharma Akashdeep , Eadi Sunil Babu , Noothalapati Hemanth , Otyepka Michal , Lee Hi-Deok , Jayaramulu Kolleboyina
Published: February 2024

This review emphasizes the crucial role of chemiresistive gas sensors (CGS) in gas detection. It underscores porous materials as alternatives, showcasing their exceptional attributes. The review explores CGS-based porous materials in real-life applications.
Frequency-tuned selectivity enhancement of Mg@ZnO–TiO2 nanoflake-based heterojunction sensor devices
Authors: Kumar Suman , Bhowmik Basanta
Published: February 2024

Selectivity improvement by the frequency tuning of Mg@ZnO–TiO2 nanoflake-based heterojunction devices under exposure to different volatile organic compounds is the prime focus of the present paper.
The development of droplet-based microfluidic virus detection technology for human infectious diseases
Authors: Liu Jiayan , Zhang Bingyang , Wang Li , Peng Jingjie , Wu Kun , Liu Tiancai
Published: February 2024

Summary of representative microfluidic assays.
Precise quantification of microRNAs based on proximity ligation of AuNPs-immobilized DNA probes
Authors: Li Keyu , Xiao Peng , Yuan Ningning , Yan Shujuan , Zhao Pei , Zuo Guowei
Published: February 2024

MiRNAs are critical regulators of target gene expression in many biological processes. In this study, we developed a simple, specific, and sensitive miRNA detection method based on proximity ligation reaction of AuNPs-immobilized DNA probes, which is easy to operate.
A comparative study on the degradation of iohexol and diatrizoate during UV/persulfate process: kinetics, degradation pathways and iodinated disinfection by-products
Authors: Hu Chen-Yan , Xu Ling , Lin Yi-Li , Li Cong
Published: February 2024

Iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICM) are widely used in medical imaging due to their stable properties, but they cannot be effectively removed in wastewater treatment plants (especially hospital wastewater).
Isomeric and rotational effects in the chemi-ionisation of 1,2-dibromoethene with metastable neon atoms
Authors: Mishra Amit , Kim Junggil , Kim Sang Kyu , Willitsch Stefan
Published: February 2024

A new crossed-molecular-beam experiment enabled the study of isomeric and rotational effects in the chemi-ionisation reaction of dibromoethylene with metastable neon atoms.
Zinc peroxide as a convenient and recyclable source of anhydrous hydrogen peroxide and its application in the peroxidation of carbonyls
Authors: Radulov Peter S. , Mikhaylov Alexey A. , Medvedev Alexander G. , Barsegyan Yana A. , Belyaev Evgeny S. , Dmitrieva Victoria E. , Tripol'skaya Tatyana A. , Mel’nik Elena A. , Vil’ Vera A. , Yaremenko Ivan A. , Prikhodchenko Petr V. , Terent’ev Alexander O.
Published: February 2024

This study reports a convenient, safe and recyclable source of anhydrous H2O2 for organic peroxide synthesis. It is based on the generation of H2O2 through the reaction of ZnO2 with H2SO4 and the recycling of ZnO2 from ZnSO4 and 1 wt% H2O2.
Potential applications of C2N-h2D/BN nanoribbon adsorption of transition metals in spintronic devices and magnetic storage devices
Authors: Wang Zhihao , Fan Dong , Yin Maoye , Li Hengshuai , Hu Haiquan , Guo Feng , Feng Zhenbao , Li Jun , Zhang Dong , Li Zhi , Zhu Minghui
Published: February 2024

By splice C2N-h2D with BN, we construct a novel two-dimensional nanoribbon material. By doping Fe atoms, C2N-h2D/BN nanoribbons exhibit half-metallic properties, which is of great significance for their future applications in spintronic devices.
An electrografted monolayer of polyaniline as a tuneable platform for a glucose biosensor
Authors: Ragauskaitė Elžbieta , Marčiukaitis Samuelis , Radveikienė Ingrida , Bagdžiūnas Gintautas
Published: February 2024

Vertically Aligned Conducting Polymers: The article emphasizes the fabrication of an electrografted vertically oriented polyaniline and its application in a highly sensitive electrochemical glucose enzymatic biosensor utilizing this monolayer.
Recent progress of high-performance in-plane zinc ion hybrid micro-supercapacitors: design, achievements, and challenges
Authors: Liu Wenwen , Li Hongling , Tay Roland Yingjie
Published: February 2024

New concepts, strategies, and latest developments of in-plane Zn ion hybrid MSCs as well as key challenges and future directions have been highlighted, which provides new insights into several kinds of emerging miniaturized energy storage devices.
CrCl2-catalyzed α-alkylation of carbonyl compounds via a borrowing hydrogen approach
Authors: Wei Dongyue , Feng Baojin , Chen Qing , Yue Wantong , Wang Yilei , Peng Zhihua
Published: February 2024

A new and efficient catalytic system for sustainable α-alkylation of carbonyl compounds with alcohols via a borrowing hydrogen strategy is presented.
Catalytic asymmetric ring-opening of aminocyclopropanes with oxygen nucleophiles: access to chiral γ-amino acid derivatives
Authors: Luo Ru-Lin , Wang Xiao-Bing , Xie Ming-Sheng , Guo Hai-Ming
Published: February 2024

Donor–acceptor aminocyclopropanes bearing both amino and carboxyl groups underwent catalytic asymmetric ring-opening reactions with diverse oxygen nucleophiles to afford chiral γ-oxygen-substituted γ-aminobutyric acid derivatives with good results.
A Janus adhesive hydrogel sheet for preventing postoperative tissue adhesion of intestinal injuries
Authors: Li Jingmei , Liang Jiadi , Chen Shanshan , Guo Wucheng , Chen Ting , Liu Xiqiang
Published: February 2024

A Janus hydrogel sheet with a unique combination of tissue adhesion and biological inertness was prepared in the study.
Kinetically controlled synthesis of rotaxane geometric isomers
Authors: McCarthy Dillon R. , Xu Ke , Schenkelberg Mica E. , Balegamire Nils A. N. , Liang Huiming , Bellino Shea A. , Li Jianing , Schneebeli Severin T.
Published: February 2024

A sophisticated reaction network can selectively form geometric isomers of mechanically interlocked molecules by coupling the predominant formation of the desired product with the rapid depletion of the undesired geometric isomer.
Molecular engineering of AIE-active boron clustoluminogens for enhanced boron neutron capture therapy
Authors: Ma Wenli , Wang Yanyang , Xue Yilin , Wang Mengmeng , Lu Changsheng , Guo Wanhua , Liu Yuan-Hao , Shu Diyun , Shao Guoqiang , Xu Qinfeng , Tu Deshuang , Yan Hong
Published: February 2024

This study presents a new type of boron carrier for boron neutron capture therapy that integrates imaging, a lung cancer targeting drug and carborane, and showcases an impressive therapeutic efficacy against lung tumors both in vitro and in vivo.
Molecular imine cages with π-basic Au3(pyrazolate) faces
Authors: Eren Noga , Fadaei-Tirani Farzaneh , Scopelliti Rosario , Severin Kay
Published: February 2024

Molecular cages with π-basic Au3(pyrazolate)3 faces were obtained by linking pre-formed gold complexes via dynamic covalent imine chemistry. The cages are able to encapsulate different guests including fullerenes.
Multi-stimuli-responsive luminescence enabled by crown ether anchored chiral antimony halide phosphors
Authors: Han Xiao , Cheng Puxin , Han Shanshan , Wang Zhihua , Guan Junjie , Han Wenqing , Shi Rongchao , Chen Songhua , Zheng Yongshen , Xu Jialiang , Bu Xian-He
Published: February 2024

The chirality-dependent lattice distortion assisted by a crown ether leads to an intense STEs emission along with CPL. The distinct STEs endows the Sb halides with multi-stimuli-responsive PL behaviours towards excitation wavelength and temperature.
A thiomolybdate cluster for visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution: comparison of homogeneous and heterogeneous approaches
Authors: Batool Samar , Schubert Jasmin S. , Ayala Pablo , Saito Hikaru , Sampaio Maria J. , Da Silva Eliana S. , Silva Cláudia G. , Faria Joaquim L. , Eder Dominik , Cherevan Alexey
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) efficiency of two photosystems incorporating an all-inorganic molecular thiomolybdate [Mo3S13]2− cluster as a HER catalyst.
Pressure enables high-standard white light emission and significant emission enhancement in a 2D halide perovskite
Authors: Zhao Xue-Zhou , Gao Fei-Fei , Li Wei , Li Zhi-Gang , Zhang Ying , Li Kai , Hu Huan , Cai Weizhao , Zhang Jijie , Bu Xian-He
Published: February 2024

A 2D OIHP, (CHA)2PbBr4, exhibits significant pressure-induced emission enhancement at 2.0 GPa. The luminescence color of the crystal changes from yellow to white under pressure.
Water-based layer-by-layer processing enables 19% efficient binary organic solar cells with minimized thickness sensitivity
Authors: Xie Chen , Zeng Xianghui , Li Chengsheng , Sun Xiaokang , Liang Songqiang , Huang Hui , Deng Baoshen , Wen Xuanlin , Zhang Guangye , You Peng , Yang Chuqun , Han Yulai , Li Shunpu , Lu Guanghao , Hu Hanlin , Li Ning , Chen Yiwang
Published: February 2024

A mesoporous layer was constructed by a donor-based nanoparticulate water-ink, which facilitates the infiltration of the acceptor, allowing the fabrication of efficient organic solar cells with a high thickness tolerance.
Multiple signal amplification strategy using porous materials and novel controlled release self-on mode for ultrasensitive immunoassay
Authors: Zhao Lu , Liu Xuejing , Ren Xiang , Gao Zhongfeng , Ma Hongmin , Wu Dan , Wei Qin , Ju Huangxian
Published: February 2024

The porous structure of the luminophore, catalyst and carrier, combined with multiple signal amplification and novel controlled release encapsulation strategies, achieving an efficient self-on ultrasensitive ECL immunoassay for PSA.
The power of microdroplet photochemistry
Authors: Song Xiaowei , Zare Richard N.
Published: February 2024

Irradiation of the air–solution interface, whether achieved through the spraying of microdroplets into the air or by bubbling air through a solution, accelerates the rate of photochemical reactions by orders of magnitude compared to identical reaction conditions in bulk solutions.
An innovative blockchain-based system for human resources digitalization with traceable relationship management
Authors: Pipino Claudia , Rocco Gaetano , Pagano Claudio , Cipriano Andrea
Published: February 2024

Small and Midsize Enterprises (SMEs) have faced innovative changes in their organizational structure, especially in human resources (HR) and employee management: these digital structural changes have transformed their business practices and strategies. The employees with new technical skills have also been impactful in this digitalization. The HR departments in SMEs have become increasingly pivotal in recruiting new employees and supporting existing employees throughout the organization. ITSvil in Salerno (Italy) has developed the Easywork project based on the “Fenice” microservices architecture. This system supports the HR departments in efficiently managing HR activities through digitalization. The first step in acquiring new resources is formulating the employment contract, which is essential for stipulating agreements on specific job requirements. Blockchain technology and smart contracts are among recent technological innovations impacting this process. Writing contracts in digital codes to simplify and effectively manage the legal relationship involving bureaucratic tasks and cost management is now possible. The new digital system makes employment contract processing transparent, traceable, and reliable. This research presents the design and development of a new microservice compatible and integrable process with the “Fenice” system based on blockchain technology. The proposed digital system aims to make HR management activities more transparent and traceable.
Customer journeys and process mining – challenges and opportunities
Authors: Halvorsrud Ragnhild , Mannhardt Felix , Prillard Ophelia , Boletsis Costas
Published: February 2024

Recently, there has been increased awareness about the importance of data derived from actual customer journeys, including the subjective customer experience, in the analysis and evaluation of service quality. In this paper, we explore how customer journey analysis and process mining can be combined to advance the analysis and improvement of services. First, we demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of both methodologies using a specific case study as an illustrative example. Subsequently, we delve into the synergies and challenges inherent in their combination, deriving practical guidelines. We then suggest avenues for further research questions in this cross-disciplinary approach. The paper underscores the potential of aligning these methodologies to provide a more accurate and complete understanding of service delivery, ultimately contributing to the enhancement of customer experience.
La parodontite : un risque sous-estimé des maladies cardiovasculaires
Authors: Brun Adrian , Petit Catherine , Huck Olivier , Bouchard Philippe , Carra Maria Clotilde , Gosset Marjolaine
Published: February 2024

Les études épidémiologiques identifient la parodontite, maladie inflammatoire chronique des tissus de soutien des dents, comme un facteur contribuant au risque cardiovasculaire. Bien que la nature de l’association entre parodontite et maladies cardio-vasculaires (MCV) reste à définir (causalité ou corrélation), l’inflammation systémique de bas grade et les bactériémies chroniques qui sont associées aux parodontites apparaissent impliquées dans le développement de l’athérosclérose et des maladies cardio-vasculaires associées. Le traitement parodontal semble contribuer à l’amélioration des paramètres de la santé cardiovasculaire. Dès lors, une approche de prévention bidirectionnelle, impliquant à la fois la gestion de la parodontite et des facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire, pourrait permettre une réduction de la morbidité et de la mortalité liées aux MCV.
Fundierte Orientierung für die Therapie mit Kindern und Jugendlichen – AOTA-Leitlinie: Kindheit und Jugend
Authors: Kranz Florence
Published: February 2024

Im Jahr 2020 veröffentlichte die American Association of Occupational Therapy (AOTA) eine aktualisierte Leitlinie, die sich mit Ergotherapie für Kinder und Jugendliche zwischen 5 und 21 Jahren beschäftigt. Darin wird vorhandene Evidenz ausgewertet und Schlussfolgerungen und klinische Empfehlungen werden abgeleitet. Florence Kranz stellt ausgewählte Handlungsempfehlungen vor.
Spectroscopic Investigation of the Remote C–H Allylation of Amides via Photoredox and Nickel Dual Catalysis
Authors: Tambar Uttam K. , Troian-Gautier Ludovic , Bourgois Céline , De Kreijger Simon , Xu Bin
Published: February 2024

The mechanistic details of a reported allylation reaction are investigated by means of Stern–Volmer experiments and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Both reference substrates, i.e., an allylic chloride and a trifluoroacetamide, are inefficient quenchers but large quenching rate constants are observed upon the addition of Ni(COD)2 and a bisoxazoline ligand. The large quenching rate constants and absence of observable photoproducts are consistent with a mechanism that operates by energy transfer between the excited-state iridium photosensitizer and the nickel complex.
Review of Air Embolism for the Interventional Radiologist
Authors: Zangan Steven M. , Yu Qian
Published: February 2024

Air embolism is an uncommon but well-described complication of day-to-day interventional radiology procedures. When symptoms manifest, air embolism often results in severe morbidity or even death. Thus, an understanding of how to prevent, recognize, and manage air embolism is imperative for interventional radiologists. This article reviews the pathophysiology, etiology, diagnosis and treatment, and prognosis of air embolism.
Risk of Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens in Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Campaña-Duel E. , Camprubí-Rimblas M. , Areny-Balagueró A. , Quero Sara , Artigas A. , Ceccato Adrian
Published: February 2024

Severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) is difficult to treat when caused by difficult-to-treat (DTR) pathogens because of limited treatment options and poorer clinical outcomes. Over time, several predictive scoring systems based on risk factors for infection with multidrug resistant pathogens have been developed. We reviewed the available tools for identifying DTR pathogens as the cause of SCAP, both predictive scoring systems and rapid diagnostic methods, to develop management strategies aimed at early identification of DTR pathogens, reducing broad-spectrum antibiotic use and improving clinical outcomes. The scoring systems reviewed show considerable heterogeneity among them at the level of the region studied, the definition of risk factors, as well as which DTR pathogens are the target pathogens. The models described have shown limited effectiveness in reducing inappropriate antibiotic treatment or improving patient outcomes by themselves. However, predictive models could serve as a first step in identifying DTR pathogen infections as part of a larger detection algorithm. Rapid diagnostic tools, such as multiplex polymerase chain reaction, would be useful for the rapid identification of pneumonia-causing pathogens and their resistance mechanisms. In resource-limited settings, rapid tests should be limited to patients at high risk of developing SCAP due to DTR pathogens. We propose an integrative algorithm based on the different scores, taking into account local epidemiological data, where ideally each center should have an antimicrobial stewardship program.
Evaluation of the Patient with Facial Palsy: A Multidisciplinary Approach
Authors: Kanona Hala , Saeed Shakeel R. , Randhawa Premjit , Kimber Rebecca , Rodger Anne , Khalil Sherif , Andrews Peter
Published: February 2024

This article aims to provide an overview of the management of facial palsy within a multidisciplinary team setting and discusses considerations used to develop patient-specific management plans. The national landscape of facial function services is also discussed including suggestions on what may enable a more equitable and sustainable service for the future.
64 picosecond time resolved time-correlated single photon counting imaging
Authors: Yang Jia-Zhi , Zhang An-Ning , Wu Qing-Yuan , Li Jian , Meng Zhe , Zhao Qing
Published: February 2024

High-speed imaging of dynamic scenes is a challenging and important task in many applications. However, conventional imaging methods based on charge coupled devices or complementary metal oxide semiconductors have limitations in temporal resolution and photon sensitivity. To address this problem, we propose a novel high-speed imaging scheme that combines single-pixel imaging with single photon detection and time-correlated single photon counting. Our scheme can achieve high-speed imaging with 64 ps resolution by repeating the motion scenes and using binary outputs from single photon detectors. We demonstrate our scheme by reconstructing the switching process of a digital micro-mirror device and a liquid crystal spatial light modulator. Our scheme can be further improved to 1 ps resolution by using a more accurate time-correlated single photon counting system. Moreover, our scheme can adapt to different speed scenes by adjusting the temporal resolution and reducing the sampling time. Our high temporal resolution imaging scheme further expands the application areas of single-pixel imaging and provides solutions for scenes requiring single photon detection and higher temporal resolution, such as reproducible chemical reaction processes imaging, cellular or sub-cellular bio imaging, single-molecule imaging of rotary motors, high-speed equipment inspection, and other periodic high-speed scenes imaging.
Dynamic control of the spatial frequency content of an intense laser via intra-beam energy transfer
Authors: Ludwig J. D. , Michel P. M. , Chapman T. , Belyaev M.
Published: February 2024

We present theory and simulations demonstrating that bandwidth-inducing optical smoothing techniques such as smoothing by spectral dispersion (SSD) can initiate intra-beam energy transfer (IBET) within a single beam. IBET consists of energy transfer between the different frequency components of the beam and results in a simultaneous and correlated redistribution of the temporal and spatial frequencies of the laser's electric field. We identify a threshold in bandwidth for IBET to occur and validate the theory with simulations. The bandwidth and the color cycling of SSD can result in IBET in conditions relevant for high-energy density experiments at the National Ignition Facility and Omega Laser. We show that IBET could be used to manipulate a laser's spatial frequency content within a plasma. In particular, this technique could be used to increase a laser's effective f-number, with potential applications for self-guiding in plasmas.
Strong plasmon-mechanical coupling through standing acoustic waves and antenna enhancement, toward mass transduction
Authors: Simone Giuseppina
Published: February 2024

Plasmon-mechanical resonators are frequently employed in sensor development. Here, I report the coupling of plasmon and mechanical modes in a multilayer architecture. In the experiment, the multilayer comprised indium tin oxide (ITO) and silver (Ag) mirrors placed on the top and bottom of a SiO2 substrate. By activating a Fabry–Pérot hybrid mode and surface plasmon polariton in a Kretschmann configuration, I demonstrated the generation of a hybrid plasmon-mechanical mode by plasmonic dispersion and through strong coupling, which resulted in mechanical distortion at multiple frequencies. Adsorption of rhodamine G6 on Ag modifies the optomechanical spectrum; it causes eigenmodes to split, resulting in a coupling rate greater than the optical decay rate (κ∗<g). Besides, the excitonic modes were observed to interact with plasmon-mechanical modes, especially on-resonance, where the plasmon-mechanical modes exhibited the higher intensity. For example, the out-of-phase flexural mode (iii, g0=427×2πkHz) became active because of the coupling of the dye. Meanwhile, after dye absorption, the strong in-phase compressional mode (iv, g0=560×2πkHz) exhibited the widest splitting and an increase in the side peaks, which merged when the pump power was raised. The system was then analyzed to determine the ideal experimental settings for detecting mass by the oscillator in a controlled experiment. The mass sensor responsivity was evaluated to be F=1017Hzg−1. Advantages and disadvantages of this approach are presented.
Impact of edge dislocation and grain boundaries on mechanical properties in CoCrCuFeNi high entropy alloy
Authors: Khan Mithun , Rahaman Md. Zahidur , Ali Md. Lokman
Published: February 2024

This study uses molecular dynamics simulations to explore the mechanical behavior of a CoCrCuFeNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) with Σ5 and Σ13 grain boundaries (GBs) as well as without GBs and dislocation. The analysis focused on understanding the influence mechanisms of these grain boundaries on the mechanical behavior of the HEA. Our findings reveal that the atomic size disparity among the constituent elements induces lattice distortion, leading to deformation in HEAs. The determined elastic constants met Born stability requirements, ensuring mechanical stability across both the examined GBs. Higher elastic moduli were associated with increased strength and stiffness, particularly evident in HEAs with Σ5 GB, surpassing those of non-GB structures. Notably, GB Σ5 demonstrated enhanced strength and hardness, indicated by larger elastic moduli compared with those of non-GB structures. Conversely, GB Σ13 exhibited increased Cauchy pressure and Poisson and Pugh's ratios. The ductility of face-centered cubic HEAs was found to be significantly influenced by the GBs, affecting mechanical properties. The Kleinman parameter highlighted a bending-type bonding with reduced strength at the GBs. Machinability indices indicated high machinability of the CoCrCuFeNi alloy, further enhanced by the presence of the GBs. Direction-dependent parameters underscored the anisotropic nature of the HEA, mitigated by the GBs. Overall, this study elucidates the nuanced influence of different GBs on the mechanical properties of HEAs, offering valuable insights for materials design and applications. The results of this investigation shed light on HEAs with improved mechanical properties via GB engineering.
Effects of different atomic passivation on conductive and dielectric properties of silicon carbide nanowires
Authors: Ma Yun , Yan Han , Yu Xiao-Xia , Gong Pei , Li Ya-Lin , Ma Wan-Duo , Fang Xiao-Yong
Published: February 2024

Based on the transport and polarization relaxation theories, the effects of hydrogen, fluorine, and chlorine atom passivation on the conductivity and dielectric properties of silicon carbide nanowires (SiCNWs) were numerically simulated. The results show that passivation can decrease the dark conductivity of SiCNWs and increase its ultraviolet photoconductivity. Among them, the photoconductivity of univalent (H) passivated SiCNWs is better than that of seven-valent (Cl, F) passivated SiCNWs. In terms of dielectric properties, the passivated SiCNWs exhibit a strong dielectric response in both deep ultraviolet and microwave regions. Hydrogen passivation SiCNWs produce the strongest dielectric response in deep ultraviolet, while fluorine passivation SiCNWs produce the strongest dielectric relaxation in the microwave band, which indicates that atomic passivation SiCNWs have a wide range of applications in ultraviolet optoelectronic devices and microwave absorption and shielding.
Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of iodide–4-thiouracil cluster: The ππ* state as a doorway for electron attachment
Authors: Asplund Megan , Koga Masafumi , Wu Ying Jung , Neumark Daniel M.
Published: February 2024

The photophysics of thiobases—nucleobases in which one or more oxygen atoms are replaced with sulfur atoms— vary greatly depending on the location of sulfonation. Not only are direct dynamics of a neutral thiobase impacted, but also the dynamics of excess electron accommodation. In this work, time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy is used to measure binary anionic clusters of iodide and 4-thiouracil, I− · 4TU. We investigate charge transfer dynamics driven by excitation at 3.88 eV, corresponding to the lowest ππ* transition of the thiouracil, and at 4.16 eV, near the cluster vertical detachment energy. The photoexcited state dynamics are probed by photodetachment with 1.55 and 3.14 eV pulses. Excitation at 3.88 eV leads to a signal from a valence-bound ion only, indicating a charge accommodation mechanism that does not involve a dipole-bound anion as an intermediate. Excitation at 4.16 eV rapidly gives rise to dipole-bound and valence-bound ion signals, with a second rise in the valence-bound signal corresponding to the decay of the dipole-bound signal. The dynamics associated with the low energy ππ* excitation of 4-thiouracil provide a clear experimental proof for the importance of localized excitation and electron backfilling in halide–nucleobase clusters.
Experimental observation of gapped topological surface states in Sb-doped MnBi4Te7
Authors: Qiao Yuxi , Jiang Zhicheng , Chen Bo , Tao Zicheng , Liu Zhonghao , Zhang Fayuan , Cho Soohyun , Liu Zhengtai , Guo Yanfeng , Song Fengqi , Fei Fucong , Liu Jishan , Shen Dawei
Published: February 2024

The realization of intrinsic magnetic topological insulators offers an ideal platform to investigate high-temperature quantum anomalous Hall effect as well as quantum devices. The family of MnBi2Te4(Bi2Te3)n has been confirmed that it belongs to this system. However, whether there is a bandgap in the surface states remains controversial. In this work, the ferromagnetism in Sb-doped MnBi4Te7 is confirmed by magnetic transport. Utilizing angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we demonstrate the nontrivial topology in Mn(Bi0.7Sb0.3)4Te7 with an energy gap on the MnBi2Te4 termination. As well, we detect distinct topological surface states on two different terminations. Our results provide spectral evidence of an energy gap in the topological surface states.
A fast three-dimensional flow field prediction around bluff bodies using deep learning
Authors: Nemati Taher Farhad , Subaşı Abdussamet
Published: February 2024

This study presents a deep learning approach for predicting the flow field in the incompressible turbulent three-dimensional (3D) external flow around right-rhombic prism-shaped bluff bodies. The approach involves treating the nodes of the unstructured grid in the computational fluid dynamics domain as a point cloud, which is used as an input for a neural network. The neural network is trained to map the spatial coordinates of the nodes to the corresponding velocity and pressure values in the domain. The PointNet, a reliable solution in 3D vision tasks, is selected as the neural network architecture. Implementing this architecture makes it feasible to use irregular positions of the nodes of an unstructured grid as an input without needing interpolation. A dataset, comprising 3511 cases, is generated for training and testing the network. This is achieved by changing the geometric parameters of a right rhombic prism and varying its angle to the flow stream. Then, the continuity and momentum equations for turbulent flow are solved using a solver. Given the need for a larger number of points to accurately represent a 3D flow, the architecture of PointNet is modified. This modification involves adding extra layers and adjusting the number of neurons inside the layers to overcome this challenge. Once the training is completed, given the unseen samples from the test dataset to the model, our model can predict the velocity and pressure of the flow field at a speed that exceeds our conventional solver by several orders of magnitude with a maximum relative error of 4.58%.
Controllable arrangement of magnetic skyrmions by strain regulation
Authors: Zhao Yunhong , Shang Lan , Shi Shengbin , Sun Jiajun , Wang Jie
Published: February 2024

The efficient manipulation of magnetic skyrmions is crucial for the development of future spintronic devices. Here, we demonstrate the controllable arrangement of magnetic skyrmions through strain regulation in the bilayer film system composed of piezoelectric and ferromagnetic layers. The motion characteristics and energy distribution of skyrmions in the ferromagnetic layer under an in-plane periodic strain with a sinusoidal shape are investigated by using a phase-field model. It is found that the final equilibrium location of the skyrmion with the lowest total energy has the maximum positive strain and a zero strain gradient. Furthermore, the periodic strain transforms the disordered multi-skyrmions to an ordered skyrmion array at the desired positions by adjusting the wavelength and amplitude of the strain. Based on the controllability of the skyrmion position, the temperature gradient perpendicular to the strain leads to the directional motion of multi-skyrmions along the desired track. The controllable directional motion of skyrmions by strain regulation proposed in this work is promising for application in the racetrack memory and neuromorphic computing devices.
Temperature and bias voltage dependences of magnetic tunnel junction with FeAlSi electrode
Authors: Akamatsu Shoma , Lee Byung Hun , Hou Yasen , Tsunoda Masakiyo , Oogane Mikihiko , Beach Geoffrey S. D. , Moodera Jagadeesh S.
Published: February 2024

We fabricated magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with FeAlSi free layers and investigated the tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) properties. We found that the temperature and bias voltage dependences of the TMR effect in FeAlSi-MTJs were almost the same as MTJs with Fe free layers despite the low Curie temperature of FeAlSi. In the inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy measured at low temperatures, the relatively large cutoff energy of magnon excitation at the FeAlSi and MgO interface was confirmed. In addition, we studied for the first time the exchange stiffness constant of FeAlSi films by Brillouin light scattering. The determined value of the stiffness constant of FeAlSi was 14.3 (pJ/m), which was similar to that of Fe. Both the large magnon cutoff at the interface and the stiffness constant of FeAlSi are considered to be the reason for the good temperature and voltage dependences of FeAlSi-MTJs.
Translating scientific papers for the public
Authors: Lamman Claire
Published: February 2024

Eager to make your research accessible to a general audience without glossing over all the effort that has gone into your work? Try creating “doodle summaries” of your papers.
Panel recommends road map for US particle physics
Authors: Feder Toni
Published: February 2024

The community welcomes the recommendations, recognizing them as fair and balanced within a constrained budget.
From cracks to atoms and back again
Authors: Marder Michael
Published: February 2024

For the past 200 years, fracture has been at the cutting edge of science.
Astronomy data in the classroom
Authors: Rebull L. M.
Published: February 2024

Teachers bring telescope data “down to Earth” to provide students with real-world science experiences.
Lycopene inhibits apoptosis of mouse spermatocytes in varicocele via miR-23a/b-induced downregulation of PROK2
Authors: Wang Hongqiang , Zhu Baojuan , Jing Tao , Yu Lei , Zhang Kaishu , Liu Yujie , Wang Hanshu
Published: February 2024

Context The varicocele is the leading cause of male infertility and can impair sperm quality and testicular function through various mechanisms. In our previous study, we found that lycopene could attenuate hypoxia-induced testicular injury. Aims To illustrate the detailed mechanism of lycopene on spermatocytes. Methods The effect of lycopene on GC-2 cells under hypoxia were detected by flow cytometry and western blot assay. miR-seq was used to determine miRNA expression in varicocele rat model testes. The function of miR-23a/b were determined by flow cytometry and western blot assay. Key results We demonstrate that lycopene could alleviate hypoxia-induced GC-2 cell apoptosis and could elevate miR-23a/b expression of the hypoxia model in vivo and in vitro. The miR-23a and -23b mimics could reduce the hypoxia-induced GC-2 cell apoptosis. Both miR-23a and -23b could directly bind with prokineticin 2 (PROK2) mRNA and downregulate its expression. Conclusions Lycopene could attenuate hypoxia-induced spermatocyte injury through the miR-23a/b–PROK2 pathway. Implications Lycopene may be an effective treatment for varicocele to improve testicular impairment.
Impacts of changing fire regimes on hollow-bearing trees in south-eastern Australia
Authors: Gibbons Philip , Stojanovic Dejan , Lindenmayer David B. , Owens Giselle
Published: February 2024

Background Many species use hollows or cavities that form in trees. The effect of an increasing fire frequency on hollow-bearing trees is unclear. Aims To predict the effects of increasing fire frequency on the abundance of hollow-bearing trees and identify how to make forests more resilient to these changes. Methods We simulated how increasing fire frequency will affect the abundance of hollow-bearing trees in forests of south-eastern Australia and conducted a sensitivity analysis to identify which variables affect these predictions. Key results Other things being equal, we found a negative relationship between the number of hollow-bearing trees and increasing fire frequency. However, we identified scenarios where the number of hollow-bearing trees remained stable, or increased, with frequent fires. Conclusions Hollow-bearing trees will decline where frequent fires co-occur with high rates at which trees collapse (or are removed) and/or where there are not a sufficient number of suitable mature trees in which new hollows can be excavated by fire. Implications The impact of increasing fire frequency on hollow-dependent fauna is likely to be greatest in forests where regeneration is inhibited, a large number of trees are removed before they form hollows, and/or where rates of collapse among trees is elevated.
Unraveling the molecular mechanism for enhanced gas adsorption in mixed-metal MOFs via solid-state NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Yan Tao , Hou Huaming , Wu Changzong , Cai Yuhang , Yin Anping , Cao Zhi , Liu Zhong , He Peng , Xu Jun
Published: February 2024

The incorporation of multiple metal ions in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) through one-pot synthesis can induce unique properties originating from specific atomic-scale spatial apportionment, but the extraction of this crucial information poses challenges. Herein, nondestructive solid-state NMR spectroscopy was used to discern the atomic-scale metal apportionment in a series of bulk Mg
1−

x

Co

x

-MOF-74 samples via identification and quantification of eight distinct arrangements of Mg/Co ions labeled with a
13
C-carboxylate, relative to Co content. Due to the structural characteristics of metal-oxygen chains, the number of metal permutations is infinite for Mg
1−

x

Co

x

-MOF-74, making the resolution of atomic-scale metal apportionment particularly challenging. The results were then employed in density functional theory calculations to unravel the molecular mechanism underlying the macroscopic adsorption properties of several industrially significant gases. It is found that the incorporation of weak adsorption sites (Mg
2+
for CO and Co
2+
for CO
2
adsorption) into the MOF structure counterintuitively boosts the gas adsorption energy on strong sites (Co
2+
for CO and Mg
2+
for CO
2
adsorption). Such effect is significant even for Co
2+
remote from Mg
2+
in the metal-oxygen chain, resulting in a greater enhancement of CO adsorption across a broad composition range, while the enhancement of CO
2
adsorption is restricted to Mg
2+
with adjacent Co
2+
. Dynamic breakthrough measurements unambiguously verified the trend in gas adsorption as a function of metal composition. This research thus illuminates the interplay between atomic-scale structures and macroscopic gas adsorption properties in mixed-metal MOFs and derived materials, paving the way for developing superior functional materials.
Collective chemomechanical oscillations in active hydrogels
Authors: Blanc Baptiste , Agyapong Johnson N. , Hunter Ian , Galas Jean-Christophe , Fernandez-Nieves Alberto , Fraden Seth
Published: February 2024

We report on the collective response of an assembly of chemomechanical Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) hydrogel beads. We first demonstrate that a single isolated spherical BZ hydrogel bead with a radius below a critical value does not oscillate, whereas an assembly of the same BZ hydrogel beads presents chemical oscillation. A BZ chemical model with an additional flux of chemicals out of the BZ hydrogel captures the experimentally observed transition from oxidized nonoscillating to oscillating BZ hydrogels and shows this transition is due to a flux of inhibitors out of the BZ hydrogel. The model also captures the role of neighboring BZ hydrogel beads in decreasing the critical size for an assembly of BZ hydrogel beads to oscillate. We finally leverage the quorum sensing behavior of the collective to trigger their chemomechanical oscillation and discuss how this collective effect can be used to enhance the oscillatory strain of these active BZ hydrogels. These findings could help guide the eventual fabrication of a swarm of autonomous, communicating, and motile hydrogels.
How “U” are “U” words?
Authors: Sandow Rhys J. , Bailey George , Braber Natalie , O’Hara-Brown Eddie
Published: February 2024

That U (upper-class) and non-U (non-upper class) speakers are identifiable through their vocabulary is an axiom in
England. These claims are repeated in books, in print media, on social media, and in conversations regarding social class.
However, such claims are seldom investigated empirically. To redress this, we consider the production and perception of allegedly
U and non-U lexis through two studies. In the first, we identify the sociolinguistic distribution of the usage of three variables
which are purported to be indicators of socioeconomic status, namely, loo, napkin, and sofa. The second study
employs the matched-guise technique to investigate the perception of variants of these three variables. The production results
reveal that all three variables exhibit change in apparent-time with limited evidence of class-based variation. In the perception
study, we find no systematic class-based indexicalities across the variables. Ultimately, our findings challenge the belief that
allegedly U words are shibboleths of upper-classness.
Narratives of stressful and traumatic personal experience disclosed by students with mental health conditions in
medical consultations
Authors: Sowińska Agnieszka
Published: February 2024

This paper advances the field of narratives by focusing on the narratives of personal experience disclosed by
students with mental health conditions, in particular depression, anxiety and borderline personality disorder, in medical
consultations. I draw on sociolinguistic and discourse-analytic approaches to the analysis of narratives in interaction, viewing
language as a tool for constructing social reality, and examine the content, structural properties and functions of the stories
(Labov & Waletzky, 1967; De Fina &
Georgakopoulou, 2011). Engaging in self-disclosure and sharing stories of stressful and traumatic experience in medical
consultations allows the students (1) to explain symptoms and interpret causes of their current health problems, (2) manage
accountability, and (3) confront and cope with their painful experience and stigma.
Polarization control of above-threshold ionization spectrum in elliptically polarized two-color laser fields
Authors: Jin 金 Fa-Cheng 发成 , Yang 杨 Hui-Hui 慧慧 , Song 宋 Xiao-Hong 晓红 , Li 李 Fei 飞 , Du 杜 Ling-Ling 玲玲 , Xue 薛 Hong-Jie 红杰 , Wei 魏 Li-Min 丽敏 , Bai 白 Yue 悦 , Liu 刘 Hao-Xiang 浩翔 , Wang 王 Bing-Bing 兵兵 , Yang 杨 Wei-Feng 玮枫
Published: February 2024

We study the above-threshold ionization (ATI) process of atoms exposed to fundamental and high-frequency lasers with arbitrary ellipticity by applying the frequency-domain theory. It is found that the angular-resolved ATI spectrum is sensitive to ellipticities of two lasers and emitted angles of the photoelectron. Particularly for the photon energy of the high-frequency laser more than atomic ionization potential, the width of plateau tends to a constant with increasing ellipticity of fundamental field, the dip structure disappears with increasing ellipticity of the high-frequency field. With the help of the quantum channel analysis, it is shown that the angular distribution depends mainly on the ellipticity of high-frequency field in the case that its frequency is high. Moreover, one can see that the maximal and minimal energies in quantum numerical results are in good agreement with the classical prediction. Our investigation may provide theoretical support for experimental research on polarization control of ionization in elliptically polarized two-color laser fields.
Vibronic effect study of 1A2 state of H2O and D2O
Authors: Zhang 张 Bei-Yuan 倍源 , Wang 王 Li-Han 礼涵 , Zhu 朱 Jian-Hui 剑辉 , Xu 徐 Wei-Qing 卫青 , Ma 马 Zi-Ru 子茹 , Zhao 赵 Xiao-Li 小利 , Wu 吴 Yong 勇 , Zhu 朱 Lin-Fan 林繁
Published: February 2024

The generalized oscillator strengths of the dipole-forbidden excitations of the 1A2 of H2O and D2O were calculated with the time dependent density functional theory, by taking into account the vibronic effect. It is found that the vibronic effect converts the dipole-forbidden excitation of the 1A2 into a dipole-allowed one, which enhances the intensities of the corresponding generalized oscillator strength in the small squared momentum transfer region. The present investigation shows that the vibronic effect of H2O is slightly stronger than that of D2O, which exhibits a clear isotopic effect.