bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALGESIC, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIPYRETIC ACTIVITIES OF THE AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF GERANIUM CAROLINIANUM L
Authors: Li Yuan , Ye Ying , Wang Su-Juan , Xia Wei , Rahman Khalid , Yue Wei , Zhang Hong
Published: May 2022

Background: Geranium carolinianum L. (Geraniaceae) is widely used for a variety of diseases including herpetic keratitis, eczema,

rheumatalgia etc. However, there is lack of relevant scientific research.

Materials and Methods: GCE (125, 250, 500mg/kg body weight) was evaluated for its pharmacological properties by using the acetic

acid-induced writhing test, the hot plate test and the fresh egg white-induced paw edema in rats. The dimethylbenzene-induced mouse

inflammation model and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat fever model were employed and the acute toxicity of GCE was also

assessed.

Results: The Geranium carolinianum aqueous extract (GCE) significantly inhibited the writhing responses in mice, increased reaction time of

mice in the hot plate test, and suppressed the fresh egg white-induced paw edema in rats and the dimethylbenzene-induced ear edema in mice

whilst attenuating LPS-induced fever in rats in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, no deaths were observed when mice were orally

administered GCE up to 14 g/kg body weight (approximately 553 times of clinical dose).

Conclusions: GCE possesses analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities and is non-toxic at the doses used. The results of this

study support the clinical use and effectiveness of Geranium carolinianum as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic agent in folk

medicine.
MEDICAL STUDENTS' PERCEPTIONS OF COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE THERAPIES: A PRE- AND POST-EXPOSURE SURVEY IN MAJMAAH UNIVERSITY, SAUDI ARABIA
Authors: Al Mansour Mohammed Abdullah , Al-Bedah Abdullah M.N. , Elsubai Ibrahim S. , Al- Rukban Mohammed Othman , Mohamed Elsadig Yousif , El Olemy Ahmed Tawfik , Khalil FCM Asim A.H. , Khalil Mohamed K. M. , Alqaed Meshari Saleh , Almudaiheem Abdullah , Mahmoud Waqas Sami , Medani Khalid Altohami , Ali Gazzaffi Ibrahim Mahjoub , Qureshi Naseem A.
Published: May 2022

Background: Evidently, Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) is increasingly a recognized medical practice that efficiently uses

multiple treatment therapies and techniques in promoting the health and wellbeing of people as well as preventing and managing a variety of

human disorders. Research in CAM, which courses exposure to diverse healthcare professionals, is important from many perspectives including

improvement in teaching skills of faculty, enhancing capacity building, and innovative curriculum development. This pre- and post-design crosssectional

study aimed to assess perceptions, training needs, personal usage, use in office practice, and knowledge of two batches of medical

students toward CAM therapies in Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods: The second year medical students of the first (year 2012-13) and second (year 2013-2014) batch [n=26 & 39,

respectively] were selected for this study. A reliable 16-item self-administered questionnaire was distributed among all students for answering

before and after the 48-hour specific 19 CAM therapies course, in terms of CAM therapies are clearly conventional or alternative, training needs,

effectiveness, personal use, use in practice, management of two clinical cases by CAM or conventional therapies, and views about which

evidence based approach strongly support individual CAM modalities.

Results: Medical students' knowledge and perceptions of CAM therapies significantly improved across some sub-items of CAM questionnaire

with a positive trend in the rest of its items including their views about CAM therapies, need for further training, personal use of therapies and

advising patients regarding CAM practices strongly supported by randomized clinical controlled trials and published case studies.

Conclusion: CAM course tends to have positive impact on the knowledge and perceptions of medical students, in addition to need for further

training, and personal use and use of CAM therapies in practice in line with strong evidence-based data regarding therapeutic efficacy. The

preliminary results of this study call for further research in specific CAM modalities with a larger sample in academic settings across the nation.
SELENIUM ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH LYCOPENE MODIFIES LIVER METABOLIZING ENZYMES AGAINST GALACTOSAMINE – A TIME BOUND STUDY
Authors: Khan Jehan A. , Moselhy Said S.
Published: May 2022

Background: Hepatitis is one of the major public health problems worldwide. This study was designed to evaluate the potential

hepatoprotective effects of lycopene (Lyco) and selenium (Se) against galactosamine (Gala) induced hepatitis in rats.

Materials and Methods: Seventy five (75) male albino rats were grouped into five of fifteen rats each. GP 1: Control. Animals in Groups (II-V)

were injected i.p with Gala (300 mg/kg b.w daily) for 5 days. GP III: Rats were orally pretreated with Lyco (15 mg/kg b.w). GP IV: rats were

pretreated orally sodium selenite (0.1 mg/kg b.w) by gavages. GP V: Rats treated with both Lyco and Se. The treatment was continuous for 30

days.

Results: The levels of serum inflammatory markers interleukine-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor TNF- α, nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdhyde

(MDA) were markedly elevated in rats injected with Gala compared with control group. Administration of Lyco combined with Se reversed

these effects and significantly reduced the levels of these markers (p
A BIBLIOMETRIC STUDY ON CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINE TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Authors: Huang Youliang , Deng Qingqiong , Zhang Juan , Sajid Ali , Shang Xiangang , Zhou Mingquan
Published: May 2022

Background: The aims of this study are to evaluate and summarize the scientific production in the field of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM)

treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods: A systematic bibliometric search was performed based on the PubMed database covering relative publications between January 1,

1995, and December 31, 2014. Core of the search strategy include the key word cardiovascular disease and the Medical Subject Heading

Chinese herbal medicine. The number, type, country, major journals, and research focus of articles were analyzed in accordance with

bibliometrics methodologies.

Results: The retrieve results were analyzed and described in the form of texts, tables, and graphs. A total of 3,826 articles were identified,

40.28% of which were original articles. All articles were from 50 countries/territories. China was ranked first with 2,258 articles, followed by

Japan with 173 articles. 665 articles were published by Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi.

Conclusion: The publication activity of literature has grown rapidly in the past 20 years, indicating enhanced attention and increasing research

input to CHM treatment of CVD. Owing to its great advances in scientific studies, CHM will continue to play an important role in medical

research.
ANTIULCEROGENIC BENEFITS OF HERBAL INGREDIENTS IN ETHANOL-INDUCED ANIMAL MODELS
Authors: Bi Weiping , Man Huibin , Hu Lizhi , Man Mao-Qiang
Published: May 2022

pathogenesis of gastric ulcer. Although therapeutic approaches are widely available, preventive regimens are limited. Numerous studies

have demonstrated that herbal medicines display preventive benefit in the development of ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in both rat and

mouse models. The preventive efficacy of herbal medicines on the development of ethanol-induced gastric ulcers is comparable or

superior to histamine receptor 2 antagonists. But herbal medicines have fewer side effects.

Materials and Methods: Keywords including gastric ulcer, herbal medicines, prevention and natural ingredients were used to search

on http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. The search was performed on January 12, 2014. Only articles published in English were used

in this review.

Result and Conclusion: According to the mechanisms of their action and pathogenesis of gastric ulcer, combination of certain herbal

medicines could be a valuable alternative to prevent the development of gastric ulcer, particularly for the subjects who are at a higher risk

of developing gastric ulcer.
ANTI-OBESITY POTENTIALS OF AQUEOUS AND METHANOL EXTRACTS OF Vernonia amygdalina DEL. LEAVES IN HIGH-FAT DIET FED RATS
Authors: Egedigwe Chima Agatha , Ejike Chukwunonso E.C.C. , Ijeh Ifeoma I. , Herbert Udo , Onwuka Gregory I. , Asumugha Victoria U.
Published: May 2022

Background: Obesity is currently a global epidemic. Conventional treatments have not been very satisfactory to patients, warranting

a search for alternative therapeutic options that are natural, safe and affordable. This study therefore investigated the anti-obesity

potentials of aqueous and methanol extracts of Vernonia amygdalina Del (AEVA and MEVA respectively) in a rat model in which

obesity was induced using a high-fat diet.

Materials and Methods: Forty two Wistar rats were randomised into 7 groups of 6 rats each. One group served as the Normal

Control group and obesity was induced in the other 6 groups. One of the 6 groups each served as Positive Control and Negative

Control while the 4 test groups were designated AEVA100, AEVA500, MEVA50 and MEVA200, respectively. The study lasted for

12 weeks after which standard protocols were followed for all analyses and determinations.

Results: The results show that both AEVA and MEVA at the tested concentrations resulted in significant (P < 0.05) weight loss

(without affecting internal organs negatively), and significant (P < 0.05) improvement in some metabolic markers of obesity in the

test rats compared to the negative control rats. MEVA 200 had the greatest anti-obesity effect while MEVA 50 was the least

effective. All the test extracts compared well with Orlistat used as the positive control drug on all counts.

Conclusion: The observed weight-loss benefits of AEVA and MEVA are attributable to the rich milieu of phytochemicals found in

Vernonia amygdalina Del. Further studies to unlock the mechanisms through which the observed weight loss is mediated are

warranted.
INSULIN-MIMETIC ACTIVITY OF STEVIOSIDE ON DIABETIC RATS: BIOCHEMICAL, MOLECULAR AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY
Authors: Saleh Osama M. , Awad Nabil S. , Soliman Mohamed M. , Mansour Ahmed A. , Nassan Mohammed A.
Published: May 2022

Background: Stevioside has been used as a medication for reducing glucose levels in diabetic patients. The exact mode of action is still unclear. Therefore, the current study outlines the molecular and biological roles of stevioside in treatment of diabetes.

Materials and Methods: induced diabetic male wistar rats treated with stivioside and metformin as therapy for diabetic rats. Biochemical, molecular and histopathological studies have been done to evaluate the therapeutic effect of stevioside on minimizing levels of glucose in diabetic rats.

Results: Stevioside administration normalized kidney and liver biomarkers, restored alterations in antioxidants activity and lipid profiles. Moreover, stevioside increased insulin and leptin secretion that are decreased in diabetic rats to the normal levels.For mRNA expression, stevioside up-regulated the expressions of PK and IRS-1 genes which are down-regulated in diabetic rats, and was very effective in down-regulation of CPT-1 mRNA expression. At the cellular levels; stevioside normalized the histopathological changes induced in pancreas.

Conclusion: Stevioside has insulin like effects and it is useful for diabetic patient’s therapy.
ACUTE AND SUB-CHRONIC ORAL TOXICITY STUDIES OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF CLINACANTHUS NUTANS IN MICE
Authors: Zakaria Zainul Amiruddin , Abdul Rahim Mohammad Hafiz , Mohtarrudin Norhafizah , Abdul Kadir Arifah , Cheema Manraj Singh , Ahmad Zuraini , Mooi Ching Siew , Md. Tohid Siti Farah
Published: May 2022

Background: Clinacanthus nutans (C. nutans) Lindau (family Acanthaceae) is a shrub widely cultivated in the South East Asia region,

including Malaysia. It has been traditionally used for treatment of various ailments including pain-mediated diseases. Various

pharmacological activities of C. nutans have been reported except for its pain-relieving activity. This study was performed to evaluate the

acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity of the methanol extract of Clinacanthus nutans (MECN) in male and female mice.

Methods: In the acute toxicity study, a single dose of 5000 mg kg-1 of body weight MECN was administered orally, and was monitored

for 14 consecutive days. In the sub-chronic toxicity study, the MECN was administered orally at doses of 50, 500, and 2500 mg kg-1 day-1

for 28 days. Results: Results showed that there were no clinical signs of toxicity, mortality and body weight changes in both acute and

subchronic toxicity studies. There were no significant differences in relative organ weight, haematological parameters, and biochemical

parameters; except for the creatinine level, which indicated significant (p
THE EFFECTS OF EXTRACTS OF ATRACTYLODES MACROCEPHALA KOIDZ COMBINED WITH TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRICALACUPOINT STIMULATION IN TREATING THE OVARIECTOMIZED FEMALE RATS
Authors: Weng Qing , Cao Zhu-Feng , Yu Yan-Wen , Lv Xiang-Lin , Qu Fan , Zhou Jue
Published: May 2022

Background: The present study was to explore the effects of the extracts of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (EAMK) combined

with transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on the ovariectomized female rats.

Materials and Methods: Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham-operation, model, livial

and EAMK+TEAS groups (n=10 in each group). After the individual treatments for 8 weeks ended, the serum levels of estradiol

(E2), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), osteocalcin and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured with

commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results: We found that in the sham-operation group, the serum E2 and osteocalcin levels were significantly higher, and the serum

levels of FSH, LH and IL-6 were markedly lower than those of other groups (P0.05), however, the serum FSH and IL-6 levels of

EAMK+TEAS group were significantly lower than those of the livial group (P
INFLUENCE OF SULFUR FUMIGATION ON VOLATILE OIL CONSTITUENTS OF CODONOPSIS RADIX (DANGSHEN) BY GC-MS METHOD
Authors: Ma Xiao-qing , Li Su-mei , Chan Chi Leung , Su Tao , Cheng Brian Chi-Yan , Li Wei-dong , Fun Fong David Wang , Yu Zhi-ling
Published: May 2022

Background: Sulfur fumigation is a kind of the processing methods of Chinese medicinal herbs. It can kill contaminated/parasitical microbes and insects on the herbs and to bleach the herbs. Codonopsis Radix, dried roots of Codonopsis pilosula (Dangshen in Chinese), is one of the herbs commonly processed by sulfur fumigation. This study reports the influence of sulfur fumigation on the chemical constituents of volatile oils of Dangshen.

Methods: The volatile oils of air-dried or fumigated Dangshen samples were extracted by water-steam distillation and separated by GC capillary column chromatography. The components in individual volatile oil samples were identified and quantitatively determined by GC-MS.

Results: The results showed that forty-five compounds were separated and identified from the volatile oils of Dangshen samples. The contents of 2-octyn-1-ol, phenylethyl alcohol, paeonol and cedrenol in sulfur fumigated Dangshen were much lower than in air-dried Dangshen. On the contrary, the contents of α-lonone, sativene, thujopsene, tetradecanoic acid and methyl cis-9,10-epoxystearate were increased by sulfur fumigation.

Conclusions: Sulfur fumigation caused significant changes on the volatile oil constituents of Dangshen samples. Further explorations are necessary to investigate how these chemical changes occurred and whether these changes would affect the efficacy and safety of Dangshen.

Key words: Sulfur fumigation; volatile oil; Dangshen; Codonopsis pilosula; GC-MS
ASSOCIATION OF MTHFR A1298C POLYMORPHISMWITH BREAST CANCER AND/OR OVARIAN CANCER RISK: AN UPDATED META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Liu Wei , Li Yi , Li Rui , Han Xiao , Ma Ying , Liu Bin , Kong Xiangzhen
Published: May 2022

Background: Recent years have witnessed the discovery of similar gene variations between breast cancer and ovarian cancer, inherited breast

and ovarian cancer in particular. A large number of case-control studies have been conducted to explore the association of

Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) A1298C polymorphism with breast cancer and/or ovarian cancer risk. However, the results are

still inconsistent and inconclusive. Consequently, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between MTHFR A1298C

polymorphism and breast, ovarian cancer risk.

Materials and Methods: A comprehensive retrieval was conducted in the electronic database of PubMed, Web of Science and Chinese National

Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) until June 2015 to identify eligible studies. A total of 35 studies which examined the association of MTHFR

A1298C polymorphism with breast cancer and/or ovarian cancer were identified. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals

(CIs) were used to assess the effect of gene polymorphism. And allele model, homozygous model, co-dominant model, dominant model,

recessive model were applied.

Result: In the overall analysis, significantly increased breast cancer and/or ovarian cancer risk was found (for allele model A VS C OR = 1.05,

CI: 1.02-1.08, P = 4×10-3; for homozygous model AA VS CC OR = 1.11, CI: 1.03-1.19, P = 5×10-3; for recessive model (AC +AA) VS CC: OR

= 1.10, CI: 1.03-1.18, P = 7×10-3).

Conclusion: In the subgroup analysis, significantly increased breast cancer risk was identified among Caucasians. MTHFR A1298C

polymorphism might contribute to an increased risk of breast cancer and/or ovarian cancer susceptibility. In addition, MTHFR A1298C

polymorphism had a significant association with breast cancer in Caucasians.
A STUDY OF THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF THE ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION OF THE METHANOL EXTRACT OF FORSYTHIAE FRUCTUS
Authors: Lee Se-Eun , Lim Chiyeon , Kim Hyungwoo , Cho Suin
Published: May 2022

Background: The dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl. (Oleaceae) are better known by their herbal name Forsythiae Fructus, and have a bitter taste, slightly pungent smell, and cold habit. FF has been widely used to treat symptoms associated with the lung, heart, and small intestine. Recently, bioactive compounds isolated from hydrophobic solvent fractions of FF have been reported to have anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, and anti-cancer effects. Traditionally, almost all herbal medicines are water extracts, and thus, extraction methods should be developed to optimize the practical efficacies of herbal medicines. Materials and Methods: In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of the ethyl acetate fraction of the methanol extract of FF (FFE) were assessed by measuring NO and PGE2 production byand intracellular ROS and protein levels of iNOS and COX-2in RAW 264.7 cells. Results: FFE inhibited COX-2 expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusion: In summary, FFE effectively reduced intracellular ROS and NO levels and inhibited PGE2 production by down- regulating COX-2 levels.
ANTI-NOCICEPTIVE EFFECT OF AGRIMONIA EUPATORIA EXTRACT ON A CISPLATIN-INDUCED NEUROPATHIC MODEL
Authors: Lee Keyong Ho , Rhee Ki-Hyeong
Published: May 2022

Background: Natural products including Agrimonia eupatoria are considered an incomparable source of molecular diversity that has led to the medicines, especially for pain treatment. To investigate the antinociception of Agrimonia eupatoria, we examined its activity in a rat model of cisplatin neuropathy.

Materials and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats received intraperitoneal (i.p.) cisplatin twice a week at a dose of 2 mg/kg (cumulative dose, 20 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Before each injection, 2 ml of sterile saline solution was given subcutaneously to prevent renal damage via hyperhydration. The mice were treated with gabapetin as a positive control drug with a 100mg/kg intraperitoneal injection. A. eupatoria extract of 200mg/kg was solved in saline and then treated by oral administration.

Results: The mice treated with A. eupatoria showed lower withdrawal duration in the pin-prick and plantar tests, and a higher withdrawal threshold in the paw-withdrawal threshold test as compared to control animals in a cisplatin-induced neuropathic model. In the case of cold-allodynia, A. eupatoria treatment increased paw-withdrawal duration in a chemical test. A. eupatoria showed a more outstanding effect than gabapentin in all used tests for preventing cisplatin-induced nerve injury for 4 weeks.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that A. eupatoria extract showed an antinociceptive effect in the pin-prick test, plantar test, and paw-withdrawal threshold test using a cisplatin-induced neuropathic rat model.
STUDIES ON WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF SOME EUPHORBIA SPECIES ON EXPERIMENTAL RATS
Authors: Ahmed Sarfaraz , Yousaf Muhammad , Mothan Ramzi A. , Al-Rehaily Adnan J.
Published: May 2022

Background: Plants of Euphorbiaceae are used in folkloric medicines in variety of ailments and well known for chemical diversity of their isoprenoid constituents. This study was carried out to explore the preliminary wound healing potential of four Euphorbia species (E. consorbina 1, E. consorbina 2, E. inarticulata, E. balsamifera and E. schimperi). Materials and Methods: Excision wound surface of the animals were topically treated with ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of plants at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight for twenty days. Povidone-iodine ointment was used as a reference drug. Wound contraction measurement and period of epithelialization were used to assess the effect of plants extracts on wound repairing. Results: The groups treated with methanol extracts of E. balsamifera and E. schimperi showed profound effects, high rate of wound contraction (100%) and decrease in epithelization period 19.00±0.40 and 18.50±0.64 respectively, followed by methanol extracts of E. consorbina 2, ethyl acetate extract of E. inarticulata and ethyl acetate extracts of E. consorbina 2 which showed significant (P
Development of E-Modules to Improve Scientific Explanation Ability of Students in Science Learning on Digestive System Materials
Authors: Rojikin Muhammad , Zainur Rasyid Ridlo , Supeno Supeno
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this research is to produce a valid, practical, and effective science e-module for the digestive system material to improve the scientific explanation skills of junior high school students. This research is development research that uses the ADDIE development model. Data collection techniques in this study include interviews, validation sheets, observation sheets on the implementation of learning, tests, and student response questionnaires. The data obtained was then analyzed to determine the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the e-module product. The results of the research are valid, practical, and effective product development so that the product in question is feasible to use. The results of product validation show that e-modules are included in the very valid category with a validation value of 92.5%, which means their assessment is seen from two aspects, namely content validity and construct validity. This product is included in the very practical category based on its practicality value of 93.56%. This product is also included in the effective criteria, which is seen based on the test results with an n-gain value of 0.60 and the results of the student response questionnaire of 88.97%, which is included in the very good criteria. Thus, the developed e-module product can be said to be feasible to improve the scientific explanation skills of junior high school students in science learning.
La interpretación en los procesos penales: ¿Qué opinan los jueces de guardia sobre el papel de los intérpretes?
Authors: Lozano de Lemus Paula
Published: May 2022

El número cada vez mayor de personas que se ven inmersas en un procedimiento penal en España sin conocer la lengua en que este se desarrolla hace que la interpretación sea un servicio con una demanda en constante aumento en la jurisdicción penal española. La provisión de una interpretación de calidad se vuelve un elemento imprescindible en la salvaguarda de derechos procesales fundamentales de las personas inmersas en un procedimiento que desconocen la lengua en que este se conduce. Dicha importancia se incrementa en aquellos casos en los que el procedimiento se desarrolla con mayor celeridad, como los que suceden en el seno de los juzgados de guardia. Así, los operadores judiciales desempeñan un papel fundamental a la hora de garantizar que todo inculpado alófono cuente con los mismos derechos que uno que sí entiende la lengua en que se conduce el procedimiento. A continuación, se presentan los resultados de un estudio empírico exploratorio sobre las percepciones de los jueces de guardia sobre la provisión del servicio de interpretación en los juzgados de guardia de la ciudad de Sevilla, a través de entrevistas estructuradas abiertas a seis titulares de estos juzgados. No obstante, tal como se desprende de los resultados del presente estudio, los agentes judiciales no suelen conocer las funciones que debe desempeñar el intérprete ni consideran necesaria una formación al respecto, poniendo en entredicho la salvaguarda de las garantías procesales de los implicados alófonos.
Aristotelian ‘Phronesis’ and the dilemma of its translation
Authors: Tafazzoli Zohreh , Faridzadeh Raed
Published: May 2022

The Greek Phronesis is among the key concepts in Aristotle’s ethics and politics. It appears especially in the Book VI of his Nicomachean Ethics. The translators of Aristotle’s work could only render those aspects of its meaning that they were able to comprehend. The present study examines how phronesis is transmitted into Arabic in the revised version of the first known translation of the Nicomachean Ethics by Isḥāq Ibn Ḥunain (9th century) where he renders it to ta‘aqqul, ‘aql or fahm, and the translation made by ‘Abd ar-Raḥmān Badawī (20th century), who translates it as fiṭna. The findings are occasionally compared with the English and German translations of the same text by two significant commentators of Aristotle. The paper concludes that while Ibn Ḥunain’s renderings are historically justified, all in all, Badawī has translated the Greek terms with relative faithfulness, although he occasionally fails to establish a correlation between the concepts.
DÍAZ-CINTAS, Jorge, REMAEL, Aline. Subtitling Concepts and Practices. London, Routledge, 2020, 292 pp., ISBN 9781138940543
Authors: Massidda Serenella
Published: May 2022

.
Molecular Analyses and Resistance Evaluation to Bacterial Leaf Blight on Swampy Rice Genotypes
Authors: Dadang Ahmad , Yuriah Siti , Saribanon Nonon , Prasetiyono Joko , Utami Dwinita Wikan
Published: May 2022

Swampland is a prospective marginal land to be developed for rice cultivation. Rice plants that are adaptive to swampland usually have good tolerance to Fe. Previously, we obtained several rice lines tolerant to Fe toxicity in the field. This study aimed to analyze the swampy rice genotypes using STS molecular markers linked to bacterial leaf blight (BLB)-resistant genes and evaluate the resistance level of the genotypes against three BLB races under the greenhouse condition. This research was conducted in the Molecular Biology Laboratory and Greenhouse of the Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and
Genetic Resources Research and Development from January to May 2021. Eighteen swampy rice varieties/lines and two check varieties for Fe toxicity and BLB, respectively, were used in this research. The eight STS molecular markers linked to BLB resistance genes were used for genotyping analysis. The results showed that all rice plants tested contained xa5 allele gene, 19 genotypes had Xa4 allele gene, 17 genotypes had Xa7 allele gene, 9 genotypes had xa13 allele gene, 5 genotypes had xa13 allele gene, and 6 genotypes had Xa4 and Xa21 allele genes. Line B146E-4 was estimated to have 7 resistance alleles genes, meanwhile lines B14301E-KA-17-a, B14315E-KA-1, and B13-1-a have 6 resistance allele genes. The resistance evaluation of the genotypes against the three BLB races (races III, IV, and VIII) under the greenhouse condition showed that line B14315E-KA-1 was confirmed to be highly resistant to BLB disease. This line can be a promising candidate for swampy rice that is resistant to
BLB disease.
Self-Reported Injury History and Health-Related Quality of Life in Competitive, Collegiate Baton Twirlers
Authors: Dufour Breanna , Vela Luzita , Hertel Jay
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE: Injury epidemiology and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) have not been researched in baton twirlers. This cross-sectional study described time-loss injuries sustained by competitive collegiate baton twirlers, identified the relationship between training volume and injuries,
and established injury impact on HRQOL. METHODS: An online survey was used to collect activity volume, number and characteristics of time-loss injuries experienced within a 12-month window, and HRQOL via the Short Form-36. Current injury status was addressed to place participants into categories:
no injury history (No Injury), history of injury but no symptoms (Injury Hx, No Sx), and currently injured (Current Injury). RESULTS: One hundred forty-two participants met the inclusion criteria. One hundred twenty-eight (90%) participants experienced a time-loss injury with 295 total reported
injuries (2.1±1.4; range 1–9 injuries). Sixty-two percent of all reported injuries were still producing symptoms. There was a high average reported injury severity score (6.3±2.3). The most commonly affected area was the hip/thigh (30%), followed by the knee (15%) and ankle
(14%). The Current Injury group had worse SF-36 bodily pain (p=0.003), vitality domains (p=0.001), and physical composite score (p=0.015) compared to the No Injury group. Both the No Injury and Injury Hx, No Sx groups performed better than the Current Injury group on physical function (p=0.007
and 0.02, respectively). CONCLUSION: Competitive collegiate baton twirlers experience the majority of injuries in the lower extremity which cause prolonged physical and non-physical symptoms.
Perspectives and Experiences of College-Aged Singers Regarding Voice Injury and Visiting the ENT: A Phenomenological Approach
Authors: Edwards Evan R
Published: May 2022

Among singers, stigma surrounding voice injury can affect self-esteem, self-efficacy, and self-worth and can lead to hesitancy to disclose vocal injuries for fear of damaging their career. In addition, stressors in the singer-physician relationship can work against positive interactions
with physicians. To date, no study has documented the perspectives of singers about voice injury and their interactions with physicians through a qualitative approach. The purpose of this study was to a) examine the perspectives and experiences of college-aged singers regarding voice injury
and visiting an ear, nose, and throat physician (ENT), and b) identify behaviors of singers and ENT physicians that establish a functional and healthy relationship with the other. Following an interpretive phenomenological design, 6 collegiate singers were interviewed using a semi-structured
guide, and from the results of these interviews three emergent themes were generated: a) the emotional connection of a singer and their voice, b) the presence of stigma surrounding voice injury, and c) the barriers to effective relationships between a singer and an ENT physician.
Ajaran Kepemimpinan Jawa dalam Serat Nitisruti dan Relevansinya dengan Pendidikan
Authors: Fahmi Izzuddin Rijal
Published: May 2022

AbstractOne result of culture is literature. As a cultural heritage, old literature can also reveal information about past cultural outcomes through classical texts that can be read in relics in the form of writing or texts. In Java, manuscripts that are still in the form of handscript text or that have been in the form of copies are referred to as serat. The contents of the Javanese script (serat) mostly contain teachings (piwulang), so it is called a didactic literature. The teachings contained in the Javanese text range from Islamic mysticism esoterism (Sufism) to leadership ethics. One of the Javanese texts containing the teachings of leadership is Serat Nitisruti. This research’s goals are: (1) to identify the Serat Nitisruti, and (2) to analyze the Javanese leadership didactic in Serat Nitisruti and its relevance to Islamic education. Using the philological method consisting of: (1) manuscript inventory, (2) manuscript description, (3) text edits, (4) text translation, and (5) content analysis. AbstrakSalah satu hasil dari budaya adalah karya sastra. Sebagai warisan kebudayaan, sastra lama juga dapat mengungkapkan informasi tentang hasil budaya pada masa lampau melalui teks klasik yang dapat dibaca dalam peninggalan-peninggalan yang berupa tulisan atau naskah. Di Jawa, naskah yang masih berupa teks tulisan tangan atau yang sudah dalam bentuk salinan disebut sebagai serat. Isi dari naskah Jawa (serat) itu sebagian besar memuat ajaran (piwulang), sehingga disebut naskah didaktik (didactic literature). Ajaran-ajaran yang dimuat dalam naskah Jawa terentang mulai dari esoterisme mistik Islam (tasawuf) hingga etika-moralitas kepemimpinan. Salah satu naskah Jawa yang memuat ajaran kepemimpinan adalah Serat Nitisruti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengidentifikasi naskah Serat Nitisruti, dan (2) menganalisis ajaran kepemimpinan Jawa dalam Serat Nitisruti dan relevansinya dengan pendidikan Islam. Menggunakan metode filologi yang terdiri dari: (1) inventarisasi naskah, (2) deskripsi naskah, (3) suntingan teks, (4) terjemahan teks, dan (5) analisis isi.
Perubahan Kurikulum di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Ponorogo Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Kualitas Lembaga Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Ahmadi Ahmadi , Chairiyah Yayah , Baqi Safiruddin Al
Published: May 2022

AbstractQuality education today is an essential necessity in human life. The purposes of this research are to describe how the dynamics of curriculum goes on. It used a qualitative descriptive approach. The instruments of collecting data are observation, interview, and  document. The data must be analyzed by the following cycles: reduction, display and verification. It showed that; curriculum religious teacher training is different with the curriculum of Islamic High School. The implementation of the curriculum has to improve some knowledge and policy continuously, especially, to master the curriculum component system supported to the vision. Those are; setting up teachers and education staffs with the standards of educational, structuring teachers to teach according to their field of study, and involving them in any kinds of training and curriculum development policy. It faces several obstacles lacking of curriculum development experiences and theories, educational personnel should contribute more than before in curriculum development.Key words; Curriculum, education system, Islamic education, madrasah. AbstrakPendidikan yang berkualitas merupakan keperluan esensi yang amat penting dalam kehidupan manusia masa sekarang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkonstruk bagaimana dinamika kurikulum berlangsung. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus. Gambaran fakta data diperoleh melalui teknik pengamatan, wawancara, dan dokumen. Data dianalisa dengan siklus; reduksi, pemaparan dan simpulan. Hasil riset menunjukan; kurikulum Pendidikan Guru Agama  berbeda dengan Madrasah Aliyah, implementasi kurikulum madrasah meningkatkan pengetahuan dan komponen kurikulum yang mendukung terhadap visi. Proses tahapan tersebut; menyiapkan guru dan staff perkantoran yang  sesuai dengan kualifikasi pendidikan, guru mengajar sesuai dengan bidangnya, mengikutsertakan mereka dalam kebijakan program pelatihan dan pengembangan kurikulum. Implementasi menghadapi beberapa kendala; kurang pengalaman dalam pengembangan dan pengasaan teori, pelaksana kurikulum seharusnya dapat berkonstribusi lebih dalam pengembangannya.
Technology Focus: Natural Gas Processing and Handling (April 2022)
Authors: Wilson Adam
Published: May 2022

Natural gas has two faces. On one side, it is an important part of the energy-transformation toolkit. On the other side, it is a potent greenhouse gas. Technology can bring the two sides together.

The three papers selected for this Tech Focus feature describe technologies that can make natural gas safer to move and store.

The first paper, OTC 30655, describes an effort to eliminate flaring during offloading from a floating liquefied natural gas facility (FLNG) and an LNG carrier. Managing the balance of fuel gas and boiled-off gas between the FLNG and the carrier is vital to maintaining equilibrium and eliminating flaring. The paper looks at carriers with spherical tanks and presents a process study to identify potential causes of flaring during offtake and corrections that could eliminate it without capital modifications.

The second paper, OTC 30871, considers the benefits of barges over ship-type LNG carriers. Ship-type LNG carriers are designed to operate offshore over fields, which does not necessarily provide optimal opportunity for monetization. The paper argues that near-shore barges holding liquefaction facilities linked to the rest of the system elsewhere could be a more-viable gas-monetization concept.

The third paper, SPE 204787, describes a characterization and monitoring approach for underground gas storage. The approach involves close integration of subsurface understanding with the optimization of surface facilities. It also addresses sustainable operations through an asset-integrity-management plan.

To learn more about the advancement of technology in the natural gas space, check out the suggested additional reading and visit the OnePetro online library.

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

IPTC 19783 - Hybrid System—An Emerging Solution to Sour Gas Treatment by Siddharth Parekh, Schlumberger

SPE 202984 - Sour Gas Has a Sweeter Future—Bulk H2S Removal Using Polymeric Cellulose Triacetate-Based Membranes by Pinkesh Sanghani, Schlumberger, et al.

SPE 208134 - Inventory Verification in Underground Gas Storage Rebuilt From Depleted Gas Reservoir: A Case Study From China by Lina Song, PetroChina, et al.

SPE 207956 - Unconventional Waste and Flare Gas Recovery System in New Circular Economy by Mohamed Ahmed Soliman, Saudi Aramco, et al.
Study Summarizes 20 Years of Horizontal Multistage Completions
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: May 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 207698, “Twenty Years of Horizontal Multistage Completions: A Summary of Industry Evolution in Unconventional and Conventional Plays,” by Alberto Casero, SPE, BP. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

The innovative idea behind the shale gas revolution was the combination of horizontal well drilling and hydraulic fracturing, which allowed for an increase in the surface area available for hydrocarbon flow and overcame the slow, shallow hydrocarbon release from the source rock. To achieve the high number of hydraulic fractures needed for economical production, different execution techniques evolved in what became known as horizontal multistage fracturing (HMSF) completions. The complete paper covers the most-common types of HMSF completion systems and includes a section about the use of these completions in conventional plays. This synopsis focuses on HMSF use in unconventionals.

Well Architecture as a Function of Location and Reservoir Properties

As hydraulic fracturing and horizontal wells became popular, many preconceptions associated with hydraulic fracturing had to be reimagined. The concept of stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) was introduced; contacting as much rock as possible was the new priority of hydraulic fracturing, while more-conventional fracturing concepts such as fracture conductivity and planar fractures became secondary or irrelevant.

Fracture-production interference and fracture complexity became an aim rather than representing a risk. Very high fracture count and reduced well spacing became a necessity, and, inevitably, a mass-production approach had to be applied rather than an individual fit-for-purpose design for each well or fracture. These changes brought a substantial shift in primary well-construction costs, with completion costs in many cases surpassing the drilling cost by a factor of 40–50%.

Multistage fracturing with complex and developed fracture networks or SRV, which is at the basis of unconventional developments, requires a robust infrastructure and resource availability to allow easily moving large amounts of proppant (typically natural sands) and water. This can be challenging for remote locations.

When permeability decreases, cased and perforated completions with hydraulic fracturing or acid stimulations become the norm. When permeability decreases even further, multistage fractures and horizontal wells are applied; finally, in ultratight gas and shale gas, horizontal multistage fracturing represents the only option.
Iterative Ensemble Kalman Smoother Applied to History-Matching Coalbed Methane Wells
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: May 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper URTEC 208291, “Introducing Iterative Ensemble Kalman Smoother to History-Matching Horizontal Coalbed Methane Wells,” by Rubakumar Sankararaj, SPE, and Sylvain Ducroux, SPE, Resoptima, and Dan Kuznetsov, SPE, Arrow Energy, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

This study presents the iterative ensemble Kalman smoother applied to a low-permeability coalbed methane (CBM) field in Australia. All wells in the studied reservoir are completed with an artificial lift system and permanent downhole gauges. A forecast study was conducted to validate the history-matched ensemble. The results showed a good match of 12 months of the new production data not used in history matching, which highlights the robust prediction capabilities of the approach.

Geology of the Study Area

Because of its strategic geologic and geographic situation in Queensland State, the Bowen-Surat area constitutes one of the more economically significant sedimentary provinces of the Australian mainland and one of the world’s major coal and coal-seam-gas-producing regions.

This study considers the Q seam from the Late Permian. Although its thickness varies in the basin because of merging and splitting, it is continuous locally, with an approximate thickness of 5–6 m.
A Novel Signature to Predict Thyroid Cancer Prognosis and Immune Landscape Using Immune-Related LncRNA Pairs
Authors: SONG BO , Teng Weiping , Tian Lijun , Zhang Fan , Lin Zheyu , Gong Boshen , Liu Tingting
Published: May 2022

Background
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy worldwide. The incidence of TC is high and increasing worldwide due to continuous improvements in diagnostic technology. Therefore, determining accurate prognostic predictions to stratify TC patients is important.
Results
Raw data were downloaded from the TCGA database, and pairwise comparisons were applied to identify differentially expressed immune-related lncRNA (DEirlncRNA) pairs. We identified 14 DEirlncRNA pairs through univariate Cox regression analysis and a modified Lasso algorithm Lasso regression as the novel predictive signature. We further used qRT-PCR analysis to validate the expression levels of irlncRNA in the model. The results were consistent with the bioinformatics results obtained by the TCGA dataset. Next, TC patients were assigned to high- and low-risk groups based on the optimal cutoff score of the model for the 1-year ROC curve. The high-risk group had a significantly poorer prognosis than the low-risk group. Cox regression analysis revealed that this immune-related signature can predict prognosis independently and reliably for TC. With the CIBERSORT algorithm, we found an association between the signature and immune cell infiltration. Additionally, several immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-related molecules, such as PD-1 and PD-L1, showed a negative correlation with the high-risk group. We further found that some commonly used small-molecule inhibitors, such as sunitinib, were related to this new signature.
Conclusions
We constructed a prognostic immune-related lncRNA signature that can predict TC patient survival without considering the technical bias of different platforms, and this signature also sheds light on TC’s overall prognosis and novel clinical treatments, such as ICB therapy and small molecular inhibitors.
Establishment of a finite element model of supination-external rotation ankle joint injury and analysis of mechanical changes in the posterior malleolar surface
Authors: Zhang Xin , Xie Pinliang , Shao Weirong , Xu Ming , Xu Xiaoping , Yin Yong , Fei Lan
Published: May 2022

Background By establishing a three-dimensional finite element model of supination and external rotation ankle injury, the stress characteristics of the posterior ankle joint surface can be obtained, and complete analysis of the corresponding stress on the lateral ankle can be conducted.Methods Thin-layer computed tomography (CT) images of normal ankle joints in the supination and external rotation nonweight-bearing states were selected, a three-dimensional data model of each ankle joint, including the ligament, was established, and whether different stages of injury coexisted with lateral ankle fracture was analysed by the finite element method. A load was applied to examine different ankle joint stress values and pressure distributions on the surface of the posterior ankle joint.Results When a load was applied, the maximum stress was located at the point of attachment of the anterior tibiofibular ligament to the tibia. When the anterior tibiofibular ligament was removed and the lateral malleolus was intact, the maximum stress (271.2 MPa) was located at the attachment point of the posterior tibiofibular ligament to the tibia, and the maximum pressure of the posterior ankle joint surface was 2.626 MPa. When a lateral malleolar fracture was present and the same load was applied, the maximum stress (82 MPa) was located on the fibular fracture surface, and the maximum pressure of the posterior ankle joint surface was 7.787 MPa. The posterior tibiofibular ligament was then removed completely from the lateral malleolus, upon which the maximum stress (132.7 MPa) was located at the point of attachment of the posterior tibiofibular ligament to the fibula and the maximum pressure of the posterior ankle joint surface was 4.505 MPa. When a lateral malleolar fracture was present, the maximum stress (82.72 MPa) was located on the fibular fracture surface, and the maximum pressure of the posterior ankle joint surface was 8.022 MPa.Conclusion This study shows that reconstruction of the lateral malleolus in supination-external rotation ankle injury significantly affects the stress distribution at the posterior malleolar joint surface. When reconstruction of the lateral malleolus is complete, the pressure distribution of the posterior malleolar joint surface can be significantly reduced. The disappearance of pressure concentration helps reduce the stresses associated with posterior ankle fracture. At this time, the rotational stress imposed by posterior ankle fracture is significantly higher than the vertical stress; the former should be the focus of clinician attention to ensure optimal healing.