bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disfunções psicomotoras: uma revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Silva Fabio José Antônio da , Cunha Fernando Icaro Jorge , Bezerra Érica Paula Borri , Barbosa Paulo Roberto , Pantoja Jorgeane Pedrosa , Santos Luciana Inforsari dos , Almeida Ricardo Santos de , Santos Francisco Mesquita , Silva Manoel Santos da , Barbosa Neiva Ferreira
Published: March 2022

As dificuldades de aprendizagem podem ter origem em diversas causas, mas principalmente nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental os principais obstáculos para aprendizagem se referem às disfunções psicomotoras. O presente trabalho aborda as principais disfunções psicomotoras a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica. Inicialmente apresenta o que é psicomotricidade, seu objeto de estudo e suas finalidades. Por conseguinte, define-se cada um dos sete aspectos psicomotores: tonicidade, equilíbrio, lateralidade, esquema corporal, estruturação espaço-temporal, praxias global e praxias fina e, por fim, discorre-se sobre as principais disfunções motoras: instabilidade psicomotora, debilidade psicomotora, inibição psicomotora, lateralidade cruzada e imperícia. Verificou-se que a psicomotricidade tem muito a contribuir nesse quesito, principalmente quando o problema de aprendizagem é oriundo de alguma falha no desenvolvimento motor, pois trabalha com aspectos que ultrapassam o tratamento dos problemas motores, mas busca uma funcionalidade para o corpo. Para isso, a psicomotricidade visa não apenas o movimento, mas o funcionamento total do indivíduo, trabalhando com as áreas afetiva e cognitiva.
Perfil sociodemográfico e econômico das famílias produtoras de milho: evidência empírica do Distrito de Sussundenga, Moçambique
Authors: Come Sérgio Feliciano , Ferreira Neto José Ambrósio , Cavane Eunice Paula Armando
Published: March 2022

Este estudo objetivou descrever as características sociodemográficas e econômicas das famílias produtoras de milho do distrito de Sussundenga, Moçambique.  A coleta de dados foi por aplicação de questionário a 140 produtores de milho e quatro reuniões em grupo focal com esses agricultores nos meses de fevereiro e março de 2018. Após a coleta, os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. Os resultados apontam que apesar de a maioria da população do distrito ser do sexo feminino, as famílias produtoras de milho são majoritariamente chefiadas por homens. Verificou-se relação inversa entre idade e nível escolar dos chefes desses agregados. Se comparadas com os homens, as mulheres apresentam menor escolaridade e estão menos envolvidas em atividades diferentes da agricultura. A maioria das famílias tem baixa renda per capita. Embora muitas famílias sejam pluriativas, a agricultura continua atividade econômica importante. As famílias cultivam uma multiplicidade de culturas, sendo o milho o mais importante. As falhas de mercado limitam a predisposição das famílias em produzir essa cultura com orientação ao mercado. Nesse sentido, ações visando reduzir as falhas de mercado podem ser cruciais para os produtores tirarem mais proveito econômico da produção de milho.
Alta prevalência da infecção sexual por Chlamydia trachomatis em universitárias que não usam preservativos e que não realizam exames ginecológicos de Belém do Pará, Norte do Brasil
Authors: Santos Leonardo Miranda dos , Silva Kethelem Crystiny Santiago , Rocha Williane Gabryele Cardoso , Virgolino Rodrigo Rodrigues , Silva Diego Rodrigues da , Macedo Geraldo Mariano Moraes de , Ishikawa Edna Aoba Yassui , Sousa Maísa Silva de
Published: March 2022

A infecção por Chlamydia trachomatis é uma Infecção Sexualmente Transmissível (IST) bacteriana mais prevalentes em todo o mundo.  Podem ser assintomáticas em até 80% dos casos e leva a Doença Inflamatória Pélvica, infertilidade e gravidez ectópica em população feminina jovem. Objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência de infecção por C. trachomatis em amostras endocervicais de estudantes de universidade pública do estado do Pará, e verificar as características sociais, comportamentais e de queixas ginecológicas associadas. É um estudo transversal prospectivo que envolveu 127 mulheres estudantes de uma universidade pública da de Belém, no estado do Pará entre outubro de 2018 a dezembro de 2019. Amostras endocervicais foram obtidas durante o exame preventivo do câncer do colo uterino. Foi realizado a extração de DNA através da adaptação do protocolo do Kit “GE Healthcare illustra™ blood genomicPrep Mini Spin Kit”. Foi feito a amplificação de 270pb do gene β-globina humana para controle de qualidade da extração. Para a detecção de C. trachomatis, foi utilizada a Reação em Cadeia pela Polimerase (PCR), do tipo nested-PCR para amplificação de 327pb do gene ompA. A prevalência geral foi de 10,2%. Houve associação significativa na falta do uso do preservativo nas relações sexuais (p=0,02); e não realizar o PCCU anualmente (p=0,05). A alta prevalência desta infecção pode ser consequência da falta do uso do preservativo e da falta de periodicidade no exame ginecológico. Estudos nacionais fazem-se necessários para o entendimento da epidemiologia desta infecção e para a construção de políticas públicas direcionadas a saúde ginecológica.
Hospitalizações e óbitos associados à infecção por Vírus Herpes Simples (HSV) no Brasil no período de 2012 a 2021
Authors: Andrade Sâmia Moreira de , Costa Plínio Robson Cavalcante , Rosa Luís Marcelo Vieira , Pires Luiz Gustavo de Freitas , Rodrigues Ítalo Sávio Mendes , Taminato Rodrigo Luís , Oliveira Evaldo Hipólito de
Published: March 2022

O presente trabalho objetivou realizar uma análise dos casos de internações hospitalares e óbitos pelo HSV no Brasil. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo descritivo, retrospectivo e transversal, com base na 10ª revisão da Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID-10): B00 - Infecções pelo vírus do herpes (herpes simples). As informações foram recuperadas do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS), sendo acessada a área de Morbidade Hospitalar do SUS (SIH/SUS). Entre os anos de 2012 e 2021, no Brasil, foram reportadas 13.417 internações por herpes simples, sobretudo na região Sudeste (n=5.077). Porém, a região Nordeste também teve destaque com o aumento do número de internações após 2020. São Paulo foi o estado com maior quantidade de internações, sendo o sexo feminino mais prevalente. Considerando a faixa etária, observou-se uma prevalência em crianças de 1 a 4 anos, seguida do grupo ≥ 60 anos de idade. O regime de internação foi predominantemente público e a raça branca. Em relação a gastos, grande parte foi direcionada aos idosos, os quais também registraram os maiores números de óbitos, no sexo feminino e raça branca. Assim, os dados apresentados e discutidos fornecem informações importantes para uma avaliação das características de internações e óbitos por herpes simples, disponibilizando evidências que podem servir de base para a formulação de políticas públicas voltadas para essa infecção.
A formação de professoras/es no ensino remoto: o que estamos fazendo de nós mesmos na universidade?
Authors: Dalmaso Alice Copetti , Rigue Fernanda Monteiro
Published: March 2022

O presente manuscrito apresenta articulações teórico-práticas que intentam produzir pensamento a partir da seguinte problematização: o que pode a escolarização universitária em contexto de pandemia e o que estamos fazendo de nós mesmos nesse cenário? A escolarização universitária hoje, por ter que lidar com o ensino remoto a partir das mesmas premissas que vinham sendo utilizadas no ensino presencial, tem se restringido a um cumprimento e operacionalização de tarefas, por meio de diferentes plataformas e recursos digitais, provocando esgotamento e produzindo uma micropolítica que despotencializa o cultivo de afetos alegres em educação. A partir de uma escrita fiandográfica, convida-se os leitores a produzir desvios à compulsoriedade deste processo, alicerçando-se na constituição de um gesto coletivo de narrar o corpo mínimo, criando e fortalecendo momentos que potencializem o exercício pleno da presença nos encontros, na construção do que entendemos com um modo possível de nos relacionarmos coletivamente, ampliando visões de uma conduta ética na formação do Ensino Superior.
Conhecimento sobre escolha e utilização de métodos contraceptivos para pacientes de atenção primária entre internos de medicina
Authors: Reis Maria Augusta Ramos , Cavalcante Iana Gomes , Santos Ana Gabriela Carvalho Bandeira
Published: March 2022

A contracepção no Brasil tem origens milenares e proporciona o direito humano do indivíduo em determinar o número de filhos e o intervalo entre eles. Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o conhecimento dos internos do curso medicina sobre escolha e uso de métodos contraceptivos para pacientes de atenção primária. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, transversal, de abordagem quantitativa via formulário online disponibilizado na plataforma Google Forms®. Ao correlacionar o período dos alunos e o número de acertos nos questionamentos, observou-se que, dentre os 40 alunos do 9° período, 31 alunos (21,7%) tiveram resultado insatisfatório, enquanto 9 alunos (6,3%) obtiveram resultado satisfatório Foram selecionados 143 questionários para compor a presente pesquisa sendo 40 alunos (9º período), 39 alunos (10º período), 42 alunos (11º período) e 22 alunos (12º período) e ao correlacionar o período dos alunos e o número de acertos nos questionamentos sobre o conhecimento acerca dos métodos contraceptivos, observou-se que, dentre os 40 alunos do 9 período, 31 alunos (21,7%) tiveram resultado insatisfatório, enquanto 9 alunos (6,3%) obtiveram resultado satisfatório, nesse contexto dentre os 39 alunos matriculados no 10 período 23 alunos (16,1%) obtiveram resultados insatisfatórios e 16 alunos (11,2%) resultado satisfatório.  Este estudo fornece uma visão valiosa sobre o conhecimento, consciência e percepção sobre contracepção entre estudantes de medicina.
Ocular Manifestations of Loeys–Dietz Syndrome
Authors: Loomba Katherine , Lin Daniela , Lin Willis , Riley Bernadette
Published: March 2022

Loeys–Dietz syndrome (LDS) is caused by connective tissue mutations; the resulting defective connective tissue in organs such as the eye may be related to ocular symptoms in patients with LDS. The aim of this study was to review different ocular manifestations in LDS. A literature review of articles published within the past 5 years was performed using Web of Science™ and PubMed to search for ‘Loeys–Dietz’ with the terms ‘ocular’ and ‘ophthalmology.’ Additional search terms were generated from the initial literature assessment, and 32 articles were ultimately reviewed. Reported ocular symptoms in LDS included hypertelorism, ocular misalignment, refractive errors, and more. For LDS, the most reported findings were hypertelorism (n=111), astigmatism (n=25), down slanting palpebral fissures (n=20), myopia (n=9), and strabismus (n=8). However, more research on ocular symptoms in LDS is needed.
ENTEGRE EĞİTİM ALAN HEMŞİRELİK ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN YAŞAM BOYU ÖĞRENME EĞİLİMLERİ
Authors: DÖNER Ayser , CEYHAN Özlem , TAŞCI Sultan
Published: March 2022

Bu çalışma, entegre eğitim alan hemşirelik bölümü öğrencilerinin yaşam boyu öğrenme eğilimleri (YBÖE)’ni belirlemek amacıyla tanımlayıcı olarak yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini bir ilde bulunan devlet üniversitesinde entegre müfredat programı ile eğitim gören 716 hemşirelik bölümü öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Veriler “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” ve “Yaşam Boyu Öğrenme Eğilimleri Ölçeği” (YBÖEÖ) kullanılarak yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi ile toplanmıştır. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin YBÖEÖ toplam puan ortalamasının 126.65±18.89 (yüksek düzeyde) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kadın, ikinci ve üçüncü sınıfta öğrenim gören, düzenli kitap okuma alışkanlığına sahip, yabancı dil seviyesi iyi olan ve kişisel gelişim faaliyetlerine katılan öğrencilerin YBÖEÖ toplam puan ortalamalarının daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Entegre eğitim müfredatı ile eğitim gören hemşirelik öğrencilerinin YBÖE’lerinin yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Öğrencilerin yaşam boyu öğrenme davranışlarını geliştirmek için kültürel öğrenme, sosyal öğrenme vb. konu başlıklarının müfredata entegre edilmesi ve/veya ek seçmeli derslere yer verilmesi önerilebilir.
ASTIM HASTALARININ TAKİBİNDE ALERJİ DEĞERLENDİRMESİNİN ÖNEMİ
Authors: ALTINTOP GEÇKİL Ayşegül
Published: March 2022

Bu çalışmada göğüs hastalıkları polikliniğine başvuran astım hastalarının alerji açısından değerlendirmesi amaçlandı. Astım tanısı ile göğüs hastalıkları polikliniğine başvuran 18 yaş üzeri 240 astım hastası retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Hastaların yaş, cinsiyet, eğitim durumu, çalışma durumu, ek hastalık, kronik hastalık, Total IgE sonucu, eozinofil yüzdesi, deri prik testi, astım şiddeti ve astım kontrol testi (AKT) sonuçları kaydedildi. Astım şiddeti ve AKT ile hastaların eğitim durumu, çalışma durumu, ek hastalık varlığı, kronik hastalık varlığı, deri prik testi ve Total IgE sonucu arasında istatistiksel fark saptanmadı. AKT ile eozinofil yüzdesi arasında ilişki saptanmazken; astım şiddeti ile eozinofil yüzdesi ilişkiliydi (p=0.039). Deri prik testi sonucuna göre alerjen olarak en sık ev tozu, polen ve hayvan tüyü saptandı. Astım hastalarında alerjinin erken dönemde saptanması hastaların takip ve tedavisi açısından çok önemlidir. Eozinofil yüzdesi astımda gelecek riskleri belirleme yönünden yarar sağlarken, Total IgE sonucu ise anti IgE (Omalizumab) tedavisi konusunda yol gösteren bir tetkiktir. Tedaviye dirençli ağır astım hastalarında periferik kanda eozinofil ve Total IgE mutlaka bakılmalı, uygun hastalar ileri merkezlere yönlendirilmelidir.
A Longitudinal Study of the Microbial Basis of Nitrous Oxide Emissions Within a Long-Term Agricultural Experiment
Authors: Behnke Gevan D. , Kim Nakian , Riggins Chance W. , Zabaloy María C. , Rodriguez-Zas Sandra L. , Villamil María B.
Published: March 2022

Much of the global nitrous oxide emissions are derived from agricultural management driving microbial N transformations. Crop rotation, no-till, and cover cropping are feasible conservation agronomic strategies used to prevent N losses to the environment, though their effect on soil microbial N cycling at the field scale remains relatively unknown. Our goal was to determine the effect of crop rotation (continuous corn [Zea mays L.], CCC; and continuous soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], SSS), tillage (no-till, NT; and chisel tillage, T), and cover crops (cover crop mixture, CC; and no cover crop, NCC) on the quantification of functional genes related to the N cycle from different times throughout the growing season. The study was conducted during the growing season of the cash crops following the first season of cover crops introduced after 23 years of management. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) techniques, we quantified nifH (N2 fixation), amoA (nitrification) and nirK, nirS, and nosZ (denitrification). Our results show that CCC increased nitrous oxide emissions by 44% compared to SSS and reduced soil pH by nearly 1 unit. The reduction in soil pH, coupled with an increase in fertilizer-derived ammonium, caused ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nirK copy numbers to increase. The SSS rotation showed opposite results. Bacterial denitrification via the nirK pathway was likely the N cycle mechanism behind nitrous oxide emissions in CCC. The cover crop mixture of cereal rye [Secale cereale L.] and hairy vetch [Vicia villosa Roth] reduced soil nitrate levels, though they did increase nitrous oxide emissions, likely due to priming and the inclusion of a legume in the cover crop mixture. Nitrous oxide emissions were affected by sampling date, crop rotation, and cover crop use, suggesting management factors that add abundantly available N alter the microbial N cycle directly or indirectly. Chisel tillage increased the abundance of all N cycle genes compared to no-till. Together, our work adds further insight into the microbial N cycle, especially nitrous oxide evolution, from three common conservation agricultural management practices, contributing to our understanding of key soil biogeochemical processes.
Genetic Engineering of Microalgae for Secondary Metabolite Production: Recent Developments, Challenges, and Future Prospects
Authors: Sreenikethanam Arathi , Raj Subhisha , J Rajesh Banu , Gugulothu Poornachandar , Bajhaiya Amit K.
Published: March 2022

Microalgae are highly diverse photosynthetic organisms with higher growth rate and simple nutritional requirements. They are evolved with an efficiency to adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions, resulting in a variety of genetic diversity. Algae accounts for nearly half of global photosynthesis, which makes them a crucial player for CO2 sequestration. In addition, they have metabolic capacities to produce novel secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and industrial applications. Studies have explored the inherent metabolic capacities of microalgae with altered growth conditions for the production of primary and secondary metabolites. However, the production of the targeted metabolites at higher rates is not guaranteed just with the inherent genetic potentials. The strain improvement using genetic engineering is possible hope to overcome the conventional methods of culture condition improvements for metabolite synthesis. Although the advanced gene editing tools are available, the gene manipulation of microalgae remains relatively unexplored. Among the performed gene manipulations studies, most of them focus on primary metabolites with limited focus on secondary metabolite production. The targeted genes can be overexpressed to enhance the production of the desired metabolite or redesigning them using the synthetic biology. A mutant (KOR1) rich in carotenoid and lipid content was developed in a recent study employing mutational breeding in microalgae (Kato, Commun. Biol, 2021, 4, 450). There are lot of challenges in genetic engineering associated with large algal diversity but the numerous applications of secondary metabolites make this field of research very vital for the biotech industries. This review, summarise all the genetic engineering studies and their significance with respect to secondary metabolite production from microalgae. Further, current genetic engineering strategies, their limitations and future strategies are also discussed.
Automatic Classification of Barefoot and Shod Populations Based on the Foot Metrics and Plantar Pressure Patterns
Authors: Xiang Liangliang , Gu Yaodong , Mei Qichang , Wang Alan , Shim Vickie , Fernandez Justin
Published: March 2022

The human being’s locomotion under the barefoot condition enables normal foot function and lower limb biomechanical performance from a biological evolution perspective. No study has demonstrated the specific differences between habitually barefoot and shod cohorts based on foot morphology and dynamic plantar pressure during walking and running. The present study aimed to assess and classify foot metrics and dynamic plantar pressure patterns of barefoot and shod people via machine learning algorithms. One hundred and forty-six age-matched barefoot (n = 78) and shod (n = 68) participants were recruited for this study. Gaussian Naïve Bayes were selected to identify foot morphology differences between unshod and shod cohorts. The support vector machine (SVM) classifiers based on the principal component analysis (PCA) feature extraction and recursive feature elimination (RFE) feature selection methods were utilized to separate and classify the barefoot and shod populations via walking and running plantar pressure parameters. Peak pressure in the M1-M5 regions during running was significantly higher for the shod participants, increasing 34.8, 37.3, 29.2, 31.7, and 40.1%, respectively. The test accuracy of the Gaussian Naïve Bayes model achieved an accuracy of 93%. The mean 10-fold cross-validation scores were 0.98 and 0.96 for the RFE- and PCA-based SVM models, and both feature extract-based and feature select-based SVM models achieved an accuracy of 95%. The foot shape, especially the forefoot region, was shown to be a valuable classifier of shod and unshod groups. Dynamic pressure patterns during running contribute most to the identification of the two cohorts, especially the forefoot region.
Space Matters: Barriers and Enablers for Embedding Urban Circularity Practices in the Brussels Capital Region
Authors: Verga Giulia Caterina , Khan Ahmed Zaib
Published: March 2022

Cities across Europe are increasing their ambitions to embrace a circular economy. In this context, a wide-ranging landscape of urban circularity practices is emerging. This article aims to elaborate on the spatial factors fostering or hampering the embedding of urban circularity practices (UCPs) in the Brussels Capital Region (BCR). The article, thus, addresses the following set of questions: What do circularity ambitions imply at the urban scale and what is the landscape of practices aimed at realizing urban circularity? What are the spatial implications of urban circularity practices? What could the role of urban design and spatial planning be in embedding and mainstreaming UCPs? These questions are explored both theoretically, through a literature review, and empirically, through case-study research. We show that access to spaces and land emerges as one of the most recurrent barriers to embedding UCPs in the BCR, and in other European cities too. We argue that while real estate prices are one of the main causes, it is not the only one. Frictions appear in political agendas where the need for more housing, productive spaces, land for urban agriculture, and green–blue infrastructures compete for the same limited space. Concurrently, the systematic building of the last available urban “void” (often brownfields) creates perverse logics of rushing the completions of “traditional” urban projects. Temporary occupations, often cited as exemplary circular practices, increasingly receive criticism when they become a structural limit to long-term perspectives. We have structured our arguments in four sections. First, we define our notion of urban circularity and UCPs. Second, we introduce a methodology and a framework. Third, four types of UCPs are selected for in-depth analysis. We conclude by highlighting potential leverages for working toward a circular spatial design and planning culture that facilitates embedding and mainstreaming urban circularity in the built environment.
Effects of Current and Future Summer Marine Heat Waves on Posidonia oceanica: Plant Origin Matters?
Authors: Stipcich Patrizia , Marín-Guirao Lazaro , Pansini Arianna , Pinna Federico , Procaccini Gabriele , Pusceddu Antonio , Soru Santina , Ceccherelli Giulia
Published: March 2022

Marine heat waves (MHWs), prolonged discrete anomalously warm water events, have been increasing significantly in duration, intensity and frequency all over the world, and have been associated with a variety of impacts including alteration of ecosystem structure and function. This study assessed the effects of current and future MHWs on the Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica performance, also testing the importance of the thermal environment where the plant lives. The effects of current MHWs were studied through a mensurative experiment in a cold and in a warm site (West and North-West Sardinia, Italy, respectively). Future MHWs effects were tested through a manipulative experiment using P. oceanica shoots collected from the cold and warm sites and transplanted in a common garden in front of a power plant (North-West Sardinia): here plants were exposed to heat longer in duration and stronger in intensity than the natural MHWs of the last 20 years, resembling the future scenario. Morphological (total # of leaves, maximum leaf length, and percentage of total necrotic leaf length per shoot) and biochemical variables (leaf proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids) were considered. Plants had similar sublethal responses in both the experiments for most of the variables, revealing that current and future MHWs had similar effect types, but different in magnitude depending on the intensity of the waves: in general, the number of leaves, the maximum leaf length and lipid content decreased, while the leaf necrosis and carbohydrates increased. However, also the origin of the plants affected the results, corroborating the hypothesis that the thermal context the plants live affects their tolerance to the heat. Overall, this study provided evidence about the importance of biochemical variations, such as carbohydrate and lipid levels, as potentially good indicators of seagrass heat stress.
Teaching User Experience Design Ethics to Engineering Students: Lessons Learned
Authors: Vilaza Giovanna Nunes , Bækgaard Per
Published: March 2022

Contemporary dilemmas about the role and impact of digital technologies in society have motivated the inclusion of topics of computing ethics in university programmes. Many past works have investigated how different pedagogical approaches and tools can support learning and teaching such a subject. This brief research report contributes to these efforts by describing a pilot study examining how engineering students learn from and apply ethical principles when making design decisions for an introductory User Experience (UX) design project. After a short lecture, students were asked to design and evaluate the ethical implications of digital health intervention prototypes. This approach was evaluated through the thematic analysis of semi-instructed interviews conducted with 12 students, focused on the benefits and limitations of teaching ethics this way. Findings indicate that it can be very challenging to convey the importance of ethics to unaware and uninterested students, an observation that calls for a much stronger emphasis on moral philosophy education throughout engineering degrees. This paper finishes with a reflection on the hardships and possible ways forward for teaching and putting UX design ethics into practice. The lessons learned and described in this report aim to contribute to future pedagogical efforts to enable ethical thinking in computing education.
Associations of ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel’s Gene Polymorphisms With Type 2 Diabetes and Related Cardiovascular Phenotypes
Authors: Liu Cheng , Lai Yanxian , Guan Tianwang , Zhan Junfang , Pei Jingxian , Wu Daihong , Ying Songsong , Shen Yan
Published: March 2022

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by increased levels of blood glucose but is increasingly recognized as a heterogeneous disease, especially its multiple discrete cardiovascular phenotypes. Genetic variations play key roles in the heterogeneity of diabetic cardiovascular phenotypes. This study investigates possible associations of ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) variants with cardiovascular phenotypes among the Chinese patients with T2D. Six hundred thirty-six patients with T2D and 634 non-diabetic individuals were analyzed in the study. Nine KATP variants were determined by MassARRAY. The KATP rs2285676 (AA + GA, OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.13–1.81, P = 0.003), rs1799858 (CC, OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.12–1.78, P = 0.004), and rs141294036 (CC, OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.15–1.83, P = 0.002) are associated with increased T2D risk. A follow-up of at least 45.8-months (median) indicates further association between the 3 variants and risks of diabetic-related cardiovascular conditions. The associations are categorized as follows: new-onset/recurrent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) (rs2285676/AA + GA, HR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.10–1.70, P = 0.005; rs141294036/TT + CT, HR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.28–1.99, P < 0.001), new-onset stroke (rs1799858/CC, HR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.22–5.43, P = 0.013; rs141294036/CC, HR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.16–4.55, P = 0.017), new-onset of heart failure (HF) (rs1799858/TT + CT, HR = 2.78, 95% CI: 2.07–3.74, P < 0.001; rs141294036/TT + CT, HR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.07–1.96, P = 0.015), and new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) (rs1799858/TT + CT, HR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.25–3.37, P = 0.004; rs141294036/CC, HR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.40–3.82, P = 0.001). In particular, the CC genotype of rs1799858 (OR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.11–5.10, P = 0.025) and rs141294036 (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.04–3.66, P = 0.037) are only associated with the risk of ischemic stroke while its counterpart genotype (TT + CT) is associated with the risks of HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) (rs1799858, OR = 3.46, 95% CI: 2.31–5.18, P < 0.001) and HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) (rs141294036, OR = 2.74, 95% CI: 1.05–7.15, P = 0.039). Furthermore, the 3 variants are associated with increased risks of abnormal serum levels of triglyceride (TIRG) (≥ 1.70 mmol/L), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (≥ 1.40 mmol/L), apolipoprotein B (ApoB) (≥ 80 mg/dL), apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) level (< 120 mg/dL), lipoprotein(a) Lp(a) (≥ 300 mg/dL) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HsCRP) (≥ 3.0 mg/L) but exhibited heterogeneity (all P < 0.05). The KATP rs2285676, rs1799858, and rs141294036 are associated with increased risks of T2D and its related cardiovascular phenotypes (ACS, stroke, HF, and AF), but show heterogeneity. The 3 KATP variants may be promising markers for diabetic cardiovascular events favoring “genotype-phenotype” oriented prevention and treatment strategies.
The Role of Interleukin-6 Family Members in Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Feng Yongqi , Ye Di , Wang Zhen , Pan Heng , Lu Xiyi , Wang Menglong , Xu Yao , Yu Junping , Zhang Jishou , Zhao Mengmeng , Xu Shuwan , Pan Wei , Yin Zheng , Ye Jing , Wan Jun
Published: March 2022

Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of human mortality. Cytokines play crucial roles in the development of cardiovascular disease. Interleukin (IL)-6 family members are a series of cytokines, including IL-6, IL-11, IL-30, IL-31, OSM, LIF, CNTF, CT-1, CT-2, and CLC, that regulate multiple biological effects. Experimental and clinical evidence shows that IL-6 family members are closely related to cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, aortic dissection, cardiac fibrosis, and cardiomyopathy. This review mainly discusses the role of IL-6 family members in cardiovascular disease for the sake of identifying possible intervention targets for cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment.
Ginsenoside Rg2 Ameliorates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Regulating TAK1 to Inhibit Necroptosis
Authors: Li Yao , Hao Hao , Yu Haozhen , Yu Lu , Ma Heng , Zhang Haitao
Published: March 2022

Necroptosis contribute to the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Ginsenoside Rg2 has been reported to have cardioprotective effects against MI/R injury; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This work aimed to investigate the effect of ginsenoside Rg2 on necroptosis induced by MI/R and to explore the mechanism. In this study, hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury model was established in H9c2 cells.In vivo, male C57/BL6 mice were subjected to myocardial ischemia 30 min/reperfusion 4 h. Rg2 (50 mg/kg) or vehicle was intravenously infused 5 min before reperfusion. Cardiac function and the signaling pathway involved in necroptosis were investigated. Compared with H/R group, Rg2 significantly inhibited H/R-induced cardiomyocyte death. Rg2 treatment effectively inhibited the phosphorylation of RIP1, RIP3, and MLKL in H/R cardiomyocytes, and inhibited RIP1/RIP3 complex (necrosome) formation. In mice, Rg2 treatment manifested significantly lower ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced myocardial necroptosis, as evidenced by decrease in phosphorylation of RIP1, RIP3, and MLKL, inhibited lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and Evans blue dye (EBD) penetration. Mechanically, an increased level of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1 were found in MI/R hearts, and Rg2 treatment significantly inhibit the expression of these factors. We found that TNFα-induced phosphorylation of RIP1, RIP3, and MLKL was negatively correlated with transforming growth factor-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) phosphorylation, and inhibition of TAK1 phosphorylation led to necroptosis enhancement. More importantly, Rg2 treatment significantly increased TAK1 phosphorylation, enhanced TAK1 binding to RIP1 while inhibiting RIP1/RIP3 complex, ultimately reducing MI/R-induced necroptosis. These findings highlight a new mechanism of Rg2-induced cardioprotection: reducing the formation of RIP1/RIP3 necrosome by regulating TAK1 phosphorylation to block necroptosis induced by MI/R.
Graph Neural Networks for Charged Particle Tracking on FPGAs
Authors: Elabd Abdelrahman , Razavimaleki Vesal , Huang Shi-Yu , Duarte Javier , Atkinson Markus , DeZoort Gage , Elmer Peter , Hauck Scott , Hu Jin-Xuan , Hsu Shih-Chieh , Lai Bo-Cheng , Neubauer Mark , Ojalvo Isobel , Thais Savannah , Trahms Matthew
Published: March 2022

The determination of charged particle trajectories in collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is an important but challenging problem, especially in the high interaction density conditions expected during the future high-luminosity phase of the LHC (HL-LHC). Graph neural networks (GNNs) are a type of geometric deep learning algorithm that has successfully been applied to this task by embedding tracker data as a graph—nodes represent hits, while edges represent possible track segments—and classifying the edges as true or fake track segments. However, their study in hardware- or software-based trigger applications has been limited due to their large computational cost. In this paper, we introduce an automated translation workflow, integrated into a broader tool called hls4ml, for converting GNNs into firmware for field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). We use this translation tool to implement GNNs for charged particle tracking, trained using the TrackML challenge dataset, on FPGAs with designs targeting different graph sizes, task complexites, and latency/throughput requirements. This work could enable the inclusion of charged particle tracking GNNs at the trigger level for HL-LHC experiments.
Generation and Subsequent Transport of Landslide-driven Large Woody Debris Induced by the 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake
Authors: Koi Takashi , Hotta Norifumi , Tanaka Yasutaka , Katsura Shin’ya
Published: March 2022

The earthquake that occurred on 6 September 2018, in the eastern part of the Iburi region of Hokkaido, Japan (the Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake) caused thousands of shallow landslides in mountain areas. In areas where many landslides occurred, the trees on the slope became large woody debris (LWD) and were supplied to the catchment. Understanding the properties of LWD during the earthquake and its subsequent movement after the earthquake are important to manage the produced LWD and implement disaster prevention measures. This study evaluates the risk of future LWD disasters based on the sequence of LWD generation, its spatial distribution, and LWD relocation linked to temporal fluctuations in rainfall events. The study site is the upper Habiu River catchment (0.37 km2), where multiple shallow earthquake-related landslides occurred. Orthophotos and elevation data acquired before and after the earthquake were used to detect the properties of LWD. To evaluate the risk of an LWD disaster, we examined the correspondence between the hydraulic quantities, including the precipitation for 2 years after the earthquake and the water depth. It was estimated that approximately 7,000 LWD pieces (9,119 m3 km−2) were produced during the earthquake. Orthophoto interpretations indicate that over 80% of the LWD produced at the time of the landslide moved from the slope to the channel accompanied by the landslide debris; some of that then flowed down, accumulated, and formed logjams. In the river channel approximately two years after the earthquake, the destruction of logjams and the clear and drastic movement of LWD could not be confirmed. In this catchment, the uneven LWD distribution and the formation of logjams were fixed almost immediately after the landslide at the time of the earthquake; these characteristics are important when considering future actions. The water depth evaluation based on the difference in the excess return period indicate that the degree of risk differs depending on the deposition location in the channel. This suggests that not all LWD in the catchment are dangerous and that a risk assessment focusing on the LWD location can be effective. This study also makes it possible to determine high priority areas for LWD treatment.
Study on Long-Term Variation Characteristics of Geomagnetic Cutoff Rigidities of Energetic Protons Caused by Long-Term Variation of Geomagnetic Field
Authors: Chu Wei , Yang Yanyan , Xu Song , Qin Gang , Huang Jianping , Zeren Zhima , Shen Xuhui
Published: March 2022

As a parameter that quantitatively measures the shielding effect of the Earth’s magnetic field on energetic particles, the geomagnetic cutoff rigidities will change significantly with the long-term change of geomagnetic field. In this article, by using the numerical simulation method, combined with the variation trend of the Earth’s main field International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) model and the energetic particles’ windows (EPWs), the variation characteristics of the cutoff rigidities of geomagnetic energetic particles in the vertical direction from 1965 to 2025 were studied. The study found that there is a close relationship between the cutoff latitude corresponding to the cutoff rigidities and the background magnetic field intensity, but they are not in a simple linear relationship. The changes of the cutoff rigidities and geomagnetic field in the northern and southern hemispheres are asymmetric. The weakening of the geomagnetic field will push the cutoff latitudes toward the near equatorial region in the southern hemisphere, but for northern hemisphere the phenomenon is not always credible. In the northern hemisphere, the areas of EPWs will decrease at a relative rate of 0.03%/yr, but in the southern hemisphere, it will increase at a rate of about 0.05%/yr to 0.12%/yr. The long-term trajectory of the positions of the EPWs’ central points do not correspond to geomagnetic poles, nor the magnetic dip poles, relatively speaking, its position is closer to the geomagnetic poles. The study can be used for a long-term forecasting of cutoff rigidities caused by background geomagnetic field variations.
Key Considerations in Delivering Trauma-Informed Professional Learning for Educators
Authors: Koslouski Jessica B. , Chafouleas Sandra M.
Published: March 2022

More than half of United States adults have experienced potentially traumatic events. Given that reminders of these events can spur re-traumatization, facilitators of professional learning about trauma-informed practices must be intentional in their delivery to avoid re-traumatizing participants. Based on our experience delivering professional learning in trauma-informed practices to K-12 educators, we outline key strategies for facilitators. We organize these strategies using the United States Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s (SAMHSA) 6 key principles of a trauma-informed approach: safety; trustworthiness and transparency; peer support; collaboration and mutuality; empowerment, voice, and choice; and cultural, historical, and gender issues. Within each principle, we offer three strategies along with rationale and supporting research for each. Example strategies include learning about the school, staff, and students as much as possible before leading the training (collaboration and mutuality), conveying that there is not a “one size fits all” answer to addressing student trauma (trustworthiness and transparency), and providing time for educators to reflect on how to apply the content to their classrooms (empowerment, voice, and choice). We demonstrate alignment of these strategies with implementation supports of trauma-informed learning (e.g., relevance to school community) and provide facilitators with action planning questions to guide selection of recommended strategies. We conclude with important next steps for research on the delivery of trauma-informed professional learning.
Case Report: Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Induced Lymphadenopathy in Desmoid Tumor Patients
Authors: Papadopoulos Sotirios , Koulouris Pantelis , Royer-Chardon Claire , Tsoumakidou Georgia , Dolcan Ana , Cherix Stephane , Matter Maurice , Omoumi Patrick , Digklia Antonia
Published: March 2022

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are nowadays a valuable treatment of desmoid tumors, a rare mesenchymal neoplasm. Although many side effects of imatinib and pazopanib, commonly or rarely occurring, have been described, reactional lymphadenopathy has not yet been reported. In this publication, we report two cases of patients with desmoid tumors, treated with pazopanib and imatinib, who developed reactional lymphadenopathy. As this side effect is presented as a newly formed mass, it can result in new diagnostic questions and added imaging tests and can even lead to discontinuation of the treatment. This report may help the clinicians facing similar problems adopt a “watch and wait” approach.
Short-Term Hypothermic Holding of Mouse Immature Testicular Tissue Does Not Alter the Expression of DNA Methyltransferases and Global DNA Methylation Level, Post-Organotypic Culture
Authors: Pandya Riddhi K. , Uppangala Shubhashree , Salian Sujith R. , Gupta Sanjay , Kalthur Guruprasad , Schlatt Stefan , Adiga Satish Kumar
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Cryopreservation of immature-testicular-tissue (ITT) prior to gonadotoxic treatment, while experimental, is the only recommended option for fertility preservation in prepubertal boys. The handling and manipulation of ITT prior to banking could influence the functionality, genetic and epigenetic integrity of cells.

Objectives

To investigate the impact of length of hypothermic holding of mouse ITT on the relative mRNA expression of the DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and global DNA methylation, post 14-days of organotypic culture.

Methods

ITT from 6-day old mice were handled at hypothermic temperature (4 °C) for 6 and 24 h prior to 14-days organotypic culture. Relative mRNA expression of Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, and Dnmt3b along with global DNA methylation was measured from the cultured ITT.

Results

No significant variation in the expression of Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, and Dnmt3b was observed in relation to varying holding time periods used. Further, global DNA methylation was comparable between 0, 6 and 24 h holding groups.

Conclusions

Short-term holding of ITT at 4 °C does not affect the DNA methylation process post organotypic culture. While fully acknowledging the limitations of this approach in the mouse model, the results we presented in this report will be of significant interest to the field.
Study on the Fast Neutron Multiplicity Measurement of Uranium Material
Authors: Li Sufen , Li Kaile , Zhang Quanhu , Cai Xingfu
Published: March 2022

As a non-destructive testing and analysis technology, the neutron multiplicity measurement method plays an important role in the field of arms control verification. Great progress has been achieved in the fast neutron multiplicity measurement of plutonium, while there are few studies that have been conducted in the fast neutron multiplicity measurement of uranium. In this study, a set of fast neutron multiplicity measurement devices based on the BC501A liquid scintillation detector was built, and two small mass uranium samples with low density were studied. It is found that the change of the total neutron counting rate is irregular, and the coincidence counting rate will increase linearly with the mass. It is due to the energy loss caused by the scatter of the Am-Li source neutron with the sample, resulting in part of the neutron energy below the threshold. A simulation detection system is built by Geant4 to verify the reliability. On this basis, four kinds of packaging materials such as steel, copper, aluminum, and graphite were studied. The measurement results of different materials were compared and analyzed. The thickness of the material was studied, and the functional relationship curve was fitted. In this study, the fast neutron multiplicity measurement of small-mass and low-density uranium samples was carried out and verified. The influence of different packaging materials on the multiplicity measurement was analyzed, which is of great significance for the development of the fast neutron multiplicity measurement technology.
Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis With Considering Ecological Footprint and Governance Quality: Evidence From Emerging Countries
Authors: Mahmoodi Majid , Dahmardeh Nazar
Published: March 2022

Improving the environmental quality and economic growth simultaneously, and examining the variables affecting this nexus, has been one of the most important issues for researchers and policymakers in recent years, especially following the United Nations 2030 Agenda Sustainable Development Goals. The aim of this study is to investigate the nexus among the ecological footprint as a multi-aspect indicator of environmental degradation, economic growth, renewable and non-renewable energies, and governance quality within the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis framework for two panels of European and Asian emerging countries during 1996–2017. For this purpose, we employ second-generation panel techniques that consider cross-sectional dependency in panel data. Augmented Mean Group estimation results indicate an inverted U-shape nexus among the economic growth and ecological footprint, which implies validation of the EKC hypothesis in all two panels of countries. The findings indicate the positive impact of non-renewable energy and the negative influence of governance quality on the ecological footprint in all two panels. At the same time, there is evidence of the negative impact of renewable energy on ecological footprint only in European emerging countries. In summary, the findings recommend that governments and policymakers pay closer attention to implementing non-renewable energy restrictive policies and renewable energy incentive policies. Furthermore, this is important to plan for improving various dimensions of governance quality to achieve better adoption and implementation of environmental policies, especially in the Asian emerging countries where it can lead to a more positive impact on environmental quality according to the results of estimated coefficients.

JEL Codes: C33, Q01, Q20, Q50
Race, Ethnic, and Sex Differences in Prevalence of and Trends in Hallucinogen Consumption Among Lifetime Users in the United States Between 2015 and 2019
Authors: Davis Alan K. , Arterberry Brooke J. , Xin Yitong , Agin-Liebes Gabrielle , Schwarting Corrine , Williams Monnica T.
Published: March 2022

Background

The current study is one of the first to examine race, ethnic, and sex differences in the prevalence of and trends in hallucinogen use among lifetime users in the United States.

Methods

Data came from the 2015–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health and included respondent's reporting ever-using hallucinogens (n = 41,060; female = 40.4%). Descriptive and multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted in Stata.

Results

Highest prevalence of past year hallucinogen use was among Asian females (35.06%), which was two-or-more times larger than prevalence of past year use among White males/females and Native American males. More than half of White males/females, Multiracial males, and Hispanic males reported had ever-used psilocybin or LSD, whereas less than one-quarter of Black males/females reported lifetime psilocybin use, and less than a third of Black females reported lifetime LSD use. Native American males had the lowest prevalence of lifetime MDMA use (17.62–33.30%) but had the highest lifetime prevalence of peyote use (40.37–53.24%). Pacific Islander males had the highest prevalence of lifetime mescaline use (28.27%), and lifetime DMT use was highest among Pacific Islander males/females (15.68–38.58%). Black, Asian, and Multiracial people had greater odds of past-year (ORs = 1.20–2.02; ps < 0.05) and past-month (ORs = 1.39–2.06; ps < 0.05) hallucinogen use compared to White people. Females had lower odds of past-year (OR = 0.79; ps < 0.05), past-month (OR = 0.78; ps < 0.05) hallucinogen use compared to males, except for lifetime use of MDMA (OR = 1.29; ps < 0.05).

Conclusions

These findings should inform public health initiatives regarding potential benefits and risks of hallucinogen use among racial/ethnic groups and women.