bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Slope stability analysis in various Terraces model (case study: Sendangmulyo, Tirtomulyo District, Wonogiri Regency)
Authors: Surjandari Niken Silmi , Fitri Siti Nurlita , Purwana Yusep Muslih , Prakosa Brilian Budi , Djarwanti Noegroho , Setiawan Bambang , Dananjaya Harya , Saido Agus P
Published: April 2021

Wonogiri has various contours. Steep slopes dominate some areas. Hence it has a high possibility to occur landslides. There are still a lot of people living under the slopes. Therefore, this research is essential for disaster mitigation purposes. The study aims to know how the value of the slope safety factor changes with construction terraces design. The research was conducted by collecting secondary data and improving the Terraces construction carried out. The data was analyzed in the limit equilibrium method to provide conditions before and after the rain. The models were tried with several Terraces variations on the slope to obtain the most optimal design. The results used a simplified Bishop method. The design of terraces on the slopes of Sendangmulyo Wonogiri Village shows that the SF value increase is only for the conditions before a rain. In contrast, the states after the rain do not yield a safety condition. The SF value increases if the number of steps increases, whereas the more step height increases, the less the SF value will be.
Probability Analysis of DAMRI Bus Mode Selection on the Operation of Adi Soemarmo International Airport (BIAS) Train
Authors: Ardani  , Handayani Dewi , Syafi’i
Published: April 2021

Adi Soemarmo International Airport railway’s construction is an investment in the transportation sector expected to encourage the tourism sector in Joglosemar (Jogja-Solo-Semarang) Area. Adi Soemarmo International Airport (BIAS) train from Solo to the airport with a distance of about 13.5 km is an alternative to public transportation besides the preexisting DAMRI Bus service. For this reason, this research aims to obtain a probability value for choosing the mode between DAMRI Bus and BIAS Train. The variables used in this research were travel time, tariff, and waiting time using the stated preference technique. The primary data were then processed using logistic regression analysis to obtain the probability values. The results show that the probability value of the fastest travel time in the choice of condition one or scenario 9. The value obtained from comparing airport trains’ use compared to DAMRI buses saves 17 minutes, a reduced waiting time of 22.5 minutes, and cheaper ticket costs around Rp. 10,000. There was a 99.59% increase in passenger displacement from DAMRI buses to BIAS trains from all these comparisons.
An Integrated Inventory and Order Pickup Model in the MVSB System considering Capacities of Vendors
Authors: Marpaung Budi , Aribowo Wisnu , Suprayogi  , Halim Abdul Hakim
Published: April 2021

To reduce inventory and pick-up costs, a mutually beneficial collaboration between suppliers and manufacturers is the basis for developing an integrated inventory and order pick-up model, known as Inbound Inventory Routing Problems (IIRP). Unfortunately, the IIRP model developed so far has not been able to accommodate several manufacturing industry problems, including vendors’ limited capacities. Concerning these conditions, this study aims to develop an IIRP model in the Multi-Vendor Single-Buyer (MVSB) systems considering suppliers’ limited capacity. The total relevant cost consisting of set-up costs, ordering costs, holding costs, and the pick-up cost is kept to a minimum. The IIRP model developed in this study is classified as mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP), which can be solved using an analytic, heuristic, or metaheuristic approach. Model testing was carried out on the MVSB system by developing three numerical examples. Each of them involved three suppliers of similar parts, then solved using an analytic approach. The results obtained show that the three numerical examples’ global optimum solutions were found. Based on these numerical models and criteria, it is recommended that parts pick-up from suppliers be carried out as often as possible in small lot sizes, consistent with the JIT procurement.
Rainwater Harvesting for Water Security in Campus (case study Engineering Faculty in University of Pancasila)
Authors: Ariyani D. , Wulandari A. , Juniati A. , Nur Arini R.
Published: April 2021

Global climate change is a worldwide issue affecting rain and groundwater supplies. To realize the SDGs’ 6th goal regarding clean water and proper sanitation, Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) is one solution for pure water requirements and useless groundwater. RWH, which is equipped with infiltration wells, can overcome water scarcity during the dry season and reduce flooding in the rainy season. This research was conducted to harvest rainwater that falls on the roof into the reservoir to the ground, so it is necessary to calculate the rainwater availability and water demand to design RWH building plan. This research was conducted at the Faculty of Engineering, Pancasila University, which uses groundwater for essential water requirements. Two RWH reservoirs are planned in different locations, with the dimensions of the RWH reservoir are 4 m (length) x 3.5 m (width) x 3 m (height). Based on the flood discharge from the roof of 84 m3, the amount of water needed is 19.4 m3. For that, it is necessary to be equipped with 4 infiltration wells with a diameter of about 1.5 m and a height of 3 m to store groundwater around 6.402 m3. RWH application can also be applied to campus that use groundwater to reduce groundwater use.
A mixed-integer linear programming formulation for assembly line balancing problem with human-robot shared tasks
Authors: Nugraha Raden Cahyadi , Ma’ruf Anas , Nugraha Andi Cakravastia , Halim Abdul Hakim
Published: April 2021

Human-robot collaboration (HRC) has arisen as a promising technology to improve the productivity of assembly processes. This paper discusses an assembly line balancing problem (ALBP) where manual, robotic, or HRC operations may be considered decision alternatives. Each assembly process task may be operated either by a human operator, a robot operator, or an HRC. This possibility of shared functions between humans and robots may result in a hybrid manual-robotic assembly line. This problem’s mathematical model is developed based on the simple ALBP and modifying the idea of two-sided ALBP, with additional aspects related to resource alternatives of human, robot, or HRC, and robot’s tool-type for the operations. The problem is formulated analytically in a mixed-integer linear programming model with a cost-oriented objective function. The exact method can be applied to obtain an optimal solution.
Investigation of the immersion resistance of the HRS-WC mixtures with applying static loading
Authors: Sunarjono S , Hidayati N , Magfirona A , Prakoso AD
Published: April 2021

The inclusion of rainwater often compounds the damage to the road before reaching the plan life through the surface and shoulders of roads. This can lead to the release of aggregates and exfoliation of asphalt on the surface layer. The study aims to determine the level of road durability against the Marshall, volumetric, and durability properties of the HRS-WC mixture. The study used various static loading 100 Kpa, 150 Kpa, and 200 Kpa with immersion. In the immersion method, there are two differences, namely, immersion with and immersion without loading. The test objects’ loading using a simple and economical test tool utilizes the beams and iron cylinders obtained from the laboratory, testing using Marshall Test. The results of the analysis obtained the durability of unloading soaked value higher than the load. The analysis results showed that the durability of the mixture was soaked seven days with a load of 100 KPa was 77.40%, for 150 Kpa amounted to 52.02%, and for 200 KPa, which is 47.67%. Analysis results showed a 7-day immersion value with a cumulative load of 68.38%, while analysis results showed a seven day immersion value with periodic loading of 75.43%.
Design of Sustainable Value Stream Mapping to Improve the Sustainability Indicator: Case in MDF Company
Authors: Atoillah Farkhan , Hartini Sri
Published: April 2021

Plywood production is a complex process. Because it uses wood as raw material, then causes several activities involved in it, including forest cutting, has relatively little efficiency, produces waste, and the level of occupational safety and health has not been considered. Therefore to get sustainable manufacturing, it is necessary to pay attention to several aspects, including economic and environmental factors. And social aspects. This study aims to design the three mentioned aspects for sustainable-VSM in plywood companies. Sustainability indicators of his study by performing a literature study and validating it by in-depth interviews with its top management. The study results are time efficiency level was 81%, the quality level was 93.5%, the material consumption efficiency level was 59.3%, and the worker health level was 75.75%. This study also recommends potential solutions that are expected to improve the sustainability performance of the plywood company.
The Influence of Carbon Particle Size in The Carburizing Process of ST-40 Steel to The Surface Hardness
Authors: Ngafwan  , Anggonor Agus Dwi , Pramanda Wibi , Purnomo
Published: April 2021

This research aimed to determine the changes in the microstructure that occurred and changes in the hardness value of the steel surface. This research uses ST 40 steel and carbon powder with an average area of carbon particles 115,103µm
2 and 515,735µm
2. Steel and carbon were put in a closed container and heated at 780oC for 4 hours. After the carburizing process, the particle area was reduced to 110,051µm
2 and 440, 058µm
2. Raw material yields an average solubility of elements in Fe (β%) 5.99%. The solubility of the carburizing material element is higher in the smaller carbon grains. Likewise, the result of surface hardness after the carburizing process is harder by using small carbon granules.
Bioreactor Design For Solid State Lignocellulosic Hydrolysis: A Review
Authors: Mulyaningtyas Akida , Sugiharto Agung
Published: April 2021

Enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose to produce reducing sugars to be used as bioethanol raw material has recently attracted many scientists’ attention to investigate. It needs to be performed on a big scale, so it is essential to select an appropriate bioreactor. This work discusses enzymatic hydrolysis in solid-state. Solid hydrolysis is suitable for the growth of filamentous fungi to produce hydrolytic enzymes. A bioreactor is the heart of the process since the chemical reactions take place in it. In biochemical reactions, bioreactor plays two complementary functions, i.e., the reaction holder and the place for microorganism to grow. Therefore, to design a good bioreactor, these two functions should be considered carefully. Besides, we also developed a bioreactor with a continuous air supply to provide oxygen for hydrolytic fungi.
Design and build a head circumference measurement system for toddlers
Authors: Martono Kurniawan Teguh , Nurhayati Oky Dwi , Indrasto Erwan Yudi , Adhy Satriyo
Published: April 2021

Growth and development are events that every living thing will experience. These events are two events, namely growth, and development. These two events are related to one another, where growth refers to a change in the shape of the body, or cell size and effect change an organ or limb’s function in its operation. Every parent must consider child development because this will significantly determine and influence how the child develops in the future. Measurement of height, weight, or head circumference is carried out at the Posyandu to aim that the development of children under five in an area can be monitored and make it easier to determine policies. The results of this measurement will later be recorded on a card called the “Kartu Menuju Sehat” (KMS). Technological developments bring about considerable changes in the world of health. This paper discusses the design of a head circumference monitoring system. The use of a rotary sensor is an option in designing a head circumference gauge. The measurement results using a rotary sensor show that the measurement accuracy is 100%. Testing the system with a black box shows that 100% of the structure built is acceptable and according to the design scenario.
Exergy Analysis of Self-Bed Feedstock in Rice Husk Bubbling Fluidized Bed Gasifier
Authors: Safitri Kania Amelia , Pramono Mummayiz , Dafiqurrohman Hafif , Surjosatyo Adi
Published: April 2021

This study will use the result simulation of bubbling fluidized bed gasifier (BFBG) in CFD to know the value of producer gas (CO2, CO, H2, CH4, O2, and N2). Commonly in BFBG silica sand is used as bed material in the gasification process but in this study silica sand or bed material is absented in the gasification process. The energy and exergy analysis will be evaluated in this study to indicate the performance of BFBG without bed material. In this study rice husk is used as a feedstock with feed rate 0.2 kg/s, and air is used as medium gasification in the range of ER (equivalence ratio) between 0.24 to 0.45. Variation of ER affect the value of energy and exergy, where the higher ER applied the higher exergy destruction that occur and decrease the efficiency of exergy. It was calculated that the best efficiency was obtained when the value of ER is 0.24, with the total value of energy and exergy are 2544 and 2335 kJ per kg biomass, sequentially.
Process Simulation of Inverted Downdraft Gasifier for Tar Reduction Using in Situ Process
Authors: Akbar Maha Hidayatullah , Sanjaya Yohanes Bobby , Dafiqurrohman Hafif , Muharam Yuswan , Surjosatyo Adi
Published: April 2021

Biomass gasification is a topic that is currently popular technology which convert biomass to another form of energy. Unfortunately, gasification has many challenges specially to reduce tar in significant amounts which will be discussed in this journal. Regular updraft gasifier can produce 10%-30% volatile tar while many gasifiers produce so much tar that gas cleaning cost is more than the actual gasifier. In-situ method is used for reducing tar amount inside the reactor. One of the solutions is inverted downdraft gasifier implementation, which typically produces much less tar, about 1-5%. In this research, the inverted downdraft gasification was simulated by Aspen Plus which provides an overview optimal condition for less tar syngas. The result gives us highest value of syngas, 6,05 MJ/Nm3 for Coal and 6,24 MJ/Nm3 for MSW(Municipal Solid Waste) which both of them have ER 0,20. In Aspen Plus, we can discover several main parameters that can be done by finding both mass flow rate and contents in syngas which contains CH
4, H
2, CO, CO
2, O
2, H
2
S, N
2 and H
2
O.
An optimization model of variable size two-dimensional nesting with stacked sheets and usable leftovers for the CNC routing process
Authors: Aribowo Wisnu , Ali Irfansyah , Sukoyo
Published: April 2021

The research is motivated by a problem in the aviation industry, where nesting is performed to allocate and arrange parts in metal sheets for a CNC router machine. In addition to the usual objective to minimize material waste, the nesting problem has a few characteristics, i.e., variable sheet size, stacked sheet routing, and usable leftovers. The three aspects are integrated into an optimization model developed from the fundamental two-dimensional bin packing problem. A simple numerical example is given to show the capability of the model and the characteristics of the results.
Optimation Condition Operation of Distillation to produce 2-EHA using ChemSep Version 8.23
Authors: Fahmi Abyadh Basyari , Sugiharto Agung , Fatoni Rois
Published: April 2021

A new methodology for optimation column distillation process has been developed not only by manual calculation but recently technology take in the forward and improving of any simulator available to use. Sophiscated technology of simulator has been used for this optimation as well as Aspen Hysys is available for obtaining the best way of production plant. Simulator use a variety of thermodinamics calculation to operate and it depends on the type of distillation, phase of the components and operation condition of the simulation. In this paper, a critical review of optimation condition concern to utilize simulators capability including selection of thermodynamics property packages, test of several variable operation condition especially on the temperature and pressure also the combining and correction the value of the composition polymerization of acrylic acid. For future project commissioning of industrial plant make use of the simulator such as Aspen Hysys is highly recommend to hold significant potential and great promise for further evaluation, development and application.
Effects of Solar and Wind Power Energy Sources Integration on Frequency Dynamics in Microgrid
Authors: Perinov  , Hudaya Chairul , Sudiarto Budi , Garniwa Iwa
Published: April 2021

The need for electricity that continues to increase requires increasing electricity generation capacity and building comparable transmission and distribution systems and a smarter system for dealing with increasingly complex forms of electricity production and consumption. Renewable energy, such as solar and wind, are ones of the solutions to increase electricity generation capacity but has problems with its intermittent and other grid related problems, which can be solved by using Power Electronic Interfaces (PEIs), i.e., Battery Energy Storage Sytems or converter of renewable energy sources (RES), to keep the quality and stability of the power system. However, the increasing penetration rate of RES, which gather several different types of energy sources and generations system, in an electrical power system will make need a more complex system control. Objective of this research was to study the effects of RES integration on frequency dynamics in microgrid to further develop and increase its stability and quality by modeling and simulation using MATLAB/Simulink software.
Feasibility of Composite sPEEK-PVA as Proton Exchange Membranes
Authors: Hidayati Nur , Imannurya Praminta Cindy , Sara Alisa Mutia , Nastiti Elisa Putri , Harmoko Tri
Published: April 2021

The present work deal with the fabrication and characterizations of composite membranes composed of sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) with polyvinyl alcohol and reinforced with cesium phosphotungstic acid (Cs-HPW), graphene oxide (GO), and silica-carbon nanotube (SCNT). Compared to the blank sPEEK-PVA membrane, the uptake of composite membranes in water varies at around 30-50%, while the swelling ratio is increased. The addition of Cs-HPW, GO, and SCNT reduces the tensile strength and methanol permeability. The ionic exchange capacity slightly varies at around 0.48-0.70 meq/g. From the above studies’ viewpoint, the prepared composite membranes still need to be reviewed so that these membranes are feasible as proton exchange membranes.
Simulation Design of Ungaran 500kv Substation Operation System Using Microcontroller
Authors: Darjat  , Windarto Joko , Prasetyo Juvena
Published: April 2021

Extra High Voltage Substation 500 kV is one part of the backbone of the electrical system in Indonesia, this happens because it supplies so many areas. In terms of these benefits it can be seen that the equipment in the substation must have high reliability so that the quality of electric power reaches the consumer optimally and consumers will not feel disadvantaged. Operation of a switching device at the substation to make changes to the system is called maneuvering. In the implementation of the substation maneuver, it must be in accordance with the Standing Operating Procedure (SOP), if a switching error occurs when the maneuver will be fatal for the electric power system and can cause harm to the company and consumers. Therefore we need a safety in the substation maneuvering process called interlock. In this final project, a simulation tool is made to apply the working principle of the interlock system to CB and DS in maneuvering voltage relief, voltage delivery maneuvers and load-based maneuvers based on the Arduino Mega 2560 as the central controller for the entire system circuit. This simulator tool has a fairly high level of work accuracy in accordance with SOP (Standing Operating Procedure). It is hoped that this tool can provide knowledge to the general public about the existing maneuvering system in the GI in maintaining electric power transmission systems well and easily understood.
Lecturer and Student Attendance System with RFID
Authors: Renaldo  , Aribowo Arnold , Putra Alfa Satya
Published: April 2021

Purpose: Manual recording of lecturer and student attendance at a university may potentially create inaccurate attendance recording. Particularly, manual attendance cannot accommodate the need for real-time attendance recording. Thus, this paper discusses on the design of a real-time attendance recording system by utilizing Radio Frequency Identification technology (RFID). Methodology: The proposed attendance recording system is built using Arduino Uno microcontroller, RFID reader MFRC522, and Node.js that runs on a personal computer. To identify each lecturer and student, every one of them is associated with a unique identifier called UID. Upon detection of valid UID, the system can determine whether a lecturer or a student comes late to the class or not in real-time. Any event of lateness will be identified as a violation of the university policy. In addition to that, the system is able to store various information related to the courses in the university, and also send email notifications through a PHP application. All necessary data required by the system is managed by MySQL. Results: Based on the tests conducted, data entry to the database, RFID reading, and lateness checking is determined to work as expected. RFID reading from the same card occasionally gives a different UID being read, which may be due to failure in the RFID reader or RFID tag. Time accuracy test on lateness recording gives only 80% accuracy, this inaccuracy is suspected to be the result of the unstable Internet connection between PC and database. Applications/Originality/Value: This attendance system is developed to conform with Pelita Harapan University’s policies on lecturer and student attendance in class. It is hoped that this system can be considered as an improvement to the current attendance system at Pelita Harapan University.
Design, building and performance testing of GPS and computer vision combination for increasing landing precision of quad-copter drone
Authors: Supriyono Heru , Akhara Amnaduny
Published: April 2021

This paper discusses the effort proposed for increasing accuracy of autonomous landing of quadcopter on available landing pad by combining GPS and computer vision. The main objective of this work is to recognize and to capture image from landing pad and then used it for controlling quad-copter during landing mode along with global positioning systems (GPS). The work were including design and building hardware and software of quad-copter using commercially available instruments and then tested its autonomous landing performance on predetermined landing pad. The landing pad is in the form of 3 circles black and white with similar center point on it, i.e. the inner circle (the smallest one) has radius of 25 cm, The second inner circle (the middle circle) has radius of 60 cm and the outermost circle has radius of 100 cm. The landing pad image was captured in real time and then was processed by using Canny Edge detection method involving steps, i.e. converting RGB image to grayscale, removing noise by adding blur, finding contour of image and then finally using centroid method to get center coordinate of landing pad. Testing was carried out in the outdoor environment in the sunny-day condition. Flight test was done by comparing the precision of autonomous taking off landing of quad copter using GPS only and GPS combined with computer vision algorithm on altitude 5 meters. The test results showed that landing error of quad-copter by using GPS only was 199.2 centimeters in average from the centre point compared to 42.2 centrimeters when quad copter using combination of GPS and computer vision technique.
Development of Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) for Safety Planning on Tunneling Work Projects Based on Risk
Authors: Nugroho Danang Budi , Latife Yusuf
Published: April 2021

Purpose: Along with advance era and technology, tunnel construction is the alternative infrastructure that can be used as an option, especially in difficult terrain conditions. The tunnel work project is a series of very complex activities. Work activities that are not supervised, causing the risk of these activities neglected. This has become one of the causes of workplace accidents. The risk of work accidents can be prevented by early identification and analysis of potential hazards in each of the activities listed in the project WBS. Therefore, the existence of WBS is needed in presenting a risk assessment, probability and impact arising from the work accidents. The aim of this study is to develop a standardized WBS for safety planning on tunnel construction work based on risk. The standardized WBS will be a main input for identify potential hazard risks and producing risk responses. Methodology: The method that will be used in this research is a qualitative approach with a survey and deep interview to experts. Results: The results of this study are standardized WBS, potential hazard risks and the developed of WBS standard for safety planning, as a step to prevent work accidents in tunneling work projects. Applications/Originality/Value: The implementation of this research is for the contractors who are required to make safety plan, especially in tunneling work projects.
The potential recovery energy of SWD (sea water desalination) by SGP (salinity gradient power)
Authors: Budi Suka Handaja , Susanto Heru , Hermawan
Published: April 2021

Fresh water is needed in industrial activities. For these needs sea water is usually used as raw material if the plant is near the sea and far from the river. SWD (sea water desalination) is used to process sea water to fresh water, that is by reducing levels of salinity or reducing levels of total dissolved solid (TDS). There are two technologies in SWD, namely thermal distillation and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane technology. Residual SWD process or also called blowdown water has high salinity levels can be converted into electrical energy through SGP (salinity gradient power). There are two technologies to capture energy from salinity differences, namely PRO (Pressure Retarded Osmosis) and RED (Reverse Electrodialysis). PRO and RED are renewable energy technology, there are no emision, no moving part, abundant availability in nature and can be recycled. In this article, an analysis for SWD of oil refinery is carried out. From the analysis results it is known that the plant uses thermal distillation technology, requires power as 64.25 MW and 3,403 m3/h seawater to produce 242 m3/h freshwater. With SGP, the potential recovery of power gained is 0.786 MW. This recovery potential is still too small when compared to energy requirements of SWD with thermal distillation technology, but if it use RO technology that only requires 3.6-5.7 kWh/m3 or 0.87 - 1.40 MW to produce 242 m3/h, a significant impack to saving energy will be obtained.
Study of Pb (II) adsorption by Tannin Based Adsorbent from mangrove bark (Rhizopora mucronata)
Authors: Sudaryanto Yohanes , Anggorowati Adriana Anteng , Sianto Martinus Edy
Published: April 2021

Mangrove bark (Rhizopora mucronata) is a potential adsorbent for heavy metals adsorption such as lead or Pb (II), because of its tannin content. Prior to be used as adsorbent, the extract of tannin should be polymerized using formaldehyde and produced Tannin Based adsorbent which was not dissolved in water. This research aimed to study the effect of temperature, adsorbent dose and contacting time to % removal of Pb (II). A series of batch adsorption was carried out using 250 mL Pb (II) solution with initial concentration 307.2mg/g. The variation of adsorbent mass was 1-5 gram, the variation of temperature was 30,40 and 50°C, and the variation of contact time was started at 10 minutes until reached the adsorption equilibrium. The obtained data were also required to determine the adsorption kinetic and adsorption isotherm. The maximum percentage(%) removal was 71.6% which was obtained at temperature 50°C, contact time 70 minutes and TBA dosage 4gram/250 mL solution. Study of adsorption kinetic determines that the pseudo-2 order fitted with this adsorption process. The adsorption coefficient was 0.0099 g/mg.min and the coefficient of determination (R
2) was 0.9976. In addition, Langmuir equation described adsorption isotherm better than Freundlich and Temkin equation. The maximum adsorption capacity (qe
) was 18.281 mg/g, Langmuir coefficient was 0.0017 L/mg. The research results can be applied to design and to scale-up the process.
Assessment of Viscous Damper Placement as Passive Energy Dissipation on High-rise Building, a Numerical Study
Authors: Nurchasanah Yenny , Harnadi Muchammad Lextito
Published: April 2021

The methods to reduce the impact of earthquake loads is using a damper, namely passive control, active control, and semi-active. One of the advantages of passive control is because of its simplicity in design, installation, and especially in its maintenance. Viscous Fluid Damper (VfD) is one type of dampers which has been widely applied. A numerical analysis of the seismic response of VfD on the ten-story reinforced concrete (RC) frame that receives lateral loads as earthquake loads already compared to conventional RC frame. Displacement and acceleration are an earthquake response parameter which is a direct impact on the structure. The results of numerical time history analysis with the excitation of the Kobe-X earthquake record show that the presence of structural passive control has succeeded in reducing displacement on the top floor and also on the floors below. On the roof floor, for the X longitudinal direction, there was a reduction up to 7.721 percent. Whereas on the 6th, 4th and 2nd floors the smaller reduction occurred by around 6.624% to 2.932%. Likewise, with the acceleration parameters, generally able to reduce acceleration. For frames with placement of VfD in 1st – 2nd floor can reduce acceleration to 10.293 percent whose data is taken at the top of the building. For further, need an experimental laboratory program to validate the numerical analysis to ensure the prediction behaviour of the structural design.
Performance and aging studies for the ALICE muon RPCs
Authors: Quaglia L. , Bianchi A. , Ferretti A. , Gagliardi M. , Stocco D. , Guida R. , Mandelli B. , Alvigini L.
Published: April 2021

The ALICE muon trigger (MTR) system consists of 72 Resistive
Plate Chamber (RPC) detectors arranged in two stations, each
composed of two planes with 18 RPCs per plane. The detectors are
operated in maxi-avalanche mode using a mixture of 89.7%
C2H2F4, 10% i-C4H10 and 0.3% SF6. A
number of detector performance indicators, such as efficiency and
dark current, have been monitored over time throughout the LHC Run2
(2015–18). While the efficiency showed very good stability, a steady
increase in the absorbed dark current was observed.

Since the end of 2018, the LHC has entered a phase of long shutdown, during which the ALICE experiment will be upgraded to cope with the next phase of data taking, expected in 2021. The MTR is undergoing a major upgrade of the front-end and readout electronics, and will change its functionalities, becoming a Muon Identifier [1]. Only the replacement of the most irradiated RPCs is planned during the upgrade. It is therefore important to perform dedicated studies to gain further insights into the status of the detector. In particular, two RPCs were flushed with pure Ar gas for a prolonged period of time and a plasma was created by fully ionizing the gas. The output gas was analyzed using a Gas Chromatograph combined with a Mass Spectrometer and the possible presence of fluorinated compounds originating from the interaction of the plasma with the detector inner surfaces has been assessed using an Ion-Selective Electrode station.

This contribution will include a detailed review of the ALICE muon RPC performance at the LHC;
the procedure and results of the argon plasma test, described above, are also discussed.
Measurement of the atmospheric muon rate with the MicroBooNE Liquid Argon TPC
Authors: Abratenko P. , Alrashed M. , An R. , Anthony J. , Asaadi J. , Ashkenazi A. , Balasubramanian S. , Baller B. , Barnes C. , Barr G. , Basque V. , Bass M. , Bathe-Peters L. , Benevides Rodrigues O. , Berkman S. , Bhanderi A. , Bhat A. , Bishai M. , Blake A. , Bolton T. , Camilleri L. , Caratelli D. , Caro Terrazas I. , Castillo Fernandez R. , Cavanna F. , Cerati G. , Chen Y. , Church E. , Cianci D. , Conrad J.M. , Convery M. , Cooper-Troendle L. , Crespo-Anadón J.I. , Del Tutto M. , Devitt D. , Diurba R. , Domine L. , Dorrill R. , Duffy K. , Dytman S. , Eberly B. , Ereditato A. , Escudero Sanchez L. , Evans J.J. , Fiorentini Aguirre G.A. , Fitzpatrick R.S. , Fleming B.T. , Foppiani N. , Franco D. , Furmanski A.P. , Garcia-Gamez D. , Gardiner S. , Ge G. , Gollapinni S. , Goodwin O. , Gramellini E. , Green P. , Greenlee H. , Gu W. , Guenette R. , Guzowski P. , Hall E. , Hamilton P. , Hen O. , Horton-Smith G.A. , Hourlier A. , Huang E.-C. , Itay R. , James C. , Jan de Vries J. , Ji X. , Jiang L. , Jo J.H. , Johnson R.A. , Jwa Y.-J. , Kamp N. , Karagiorgi G. , Ketchum W. , Kirby B. , Kirby M. , Kobilarcik T. , Kreslo I. , LaZur R. , Lepetic I. , Li K. , Li Y. , Littlejohn B.R. , Lorca D. , Louis W.C. , Luo X. , Marchionni A. , Marcocci S. , Mariani C. , Marsden D. , Marshall J. , Martin-Albo J. , Martinez Caicedo D.A. , Mason K. , Mastbaum A. , McConkey N. , Meddage V. , Mettler T. , Miller K. , Mills J. , Mistry K. , Mogan A. , Mohayai T. , Moon J. , Mooney M. , Moor A.F. , Moore C.D. , Mousseau J. , Murphy M. , Naples D. , Navrer-Agasson A. , K. Neely R. , Nienaber P. , Nowak J. , Palamara O. , Paolone V. , Papadopoulou A. , Papavassiliou V. , F. Pate S. , Paudel A. , Pavlovic Z. , Piasetzky E. , Ponce-Pinto I.D. , Porzio D. , Prince S. , Qian X. , L. Raaf J. , Radeka V. , Rafique A. , Reggiani-Guzzo M. , Ren L. , Rochester L. , Rodriguez Rondon J. , Rogers H.E. , Rosenberg M. , Ross-Lonergan M. , Russell B. , Scanavini G. , W. Schmitz D. , Schukraft A. , H. Shaevitz M. , Sharankova R. , Sinclair J. , Smith A. , L. Snider E. , Soderberg M. , Söldner-Rembold S. , Soleti S.R. , Spentzouris P. , Spitz J. , Stancari M. , St. John J. , Strauss T. , Sutton K. , Sword-Fehlberg S. , Szelc A.M. , Tagg N. , Tang W. , Terao K. , Thorpe C. , Toups M. , Tsai Y.-T. , Tufanli S. , Uchida M.A. , Usher T. , Van De Pontseele W. , Viren B. , Weber M. , Wei H. , Williams Z. , Wolbers S. , Wongjirad T. , Wospakrik M. , Wu W. , Yang T. , Yarbrough G. , Yates L.E. , Zeller G.P. , Zennamo J. , Zhang C.
Published: April 2021

is a near-surface liquid argon (LAr) time projection
chamber (TPC) located at Fermilab. We measure muons originating from
cosmic interactions in the atmosphere using both the charge
collection and light readout detectors. The data is compared with
the cosmic-ray simulation. Agreement is found between the
observation, simulation and previous results. Furthermore, the
angular resolution of the reconstructed muons inside the TPC is
studied in simulation.
Stimuli-activatable nanomaterials for phototherapy of cancer
Authors: Zhou Mengjiao , Liu Xiao , Chen Fangmin , Yang Lili , Yuan Minjian , Fu Ding-Yi , Wang Weiqi , Yu Haijun
Published: April 2021

Phototherapy including photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), as non-invasive therapy approaches, have gained accumulated attention for cancer treatment in past years. PTT and PDT can generate local hyperthermia effects and reactive oxygen species (ROS) respectively, for tumor eradication. To improve the therapeutic performance while minimizing the reverse side effects of phototherapy, extensive efforts have been devoted to developing stimuli-activatable (e.g. pH, redox, ROS, enzyme, etc) nanomaterials for tumor-specific delivery/activation of the phototherapeutics. In this review, we first overviewed the recent advances of the engineered stimuli-responsive nanovectors for the phototherapy of cancer. We particularly summarized the progress of stimuli-activatable nanomaterials-based combinatory therapy strategies for augmenting the performance of phototherapy. We further discuss challenges for the clinical translation of nanomaterials-based phototherapy.
Aligning agri-environmental subsidies and environmental needs: a comparative analysis between the US and EU
Authors: Biffi Sofia , Traldi Rebecca , Crezee Bart , Beckmann Michael , Egli Lukas , Epp Schmidt Dietrich , Motzer Nicole , Okumah Murat , Seppelt Ralf , Louise Slabbert Eleonore , Tiedeman Kate , Wang Haoluan , Ziv Guy
Published: April 2021

The global recognition of modern agricultural practices’ impact on the environment has fuelled policy responses to ameliorate environmental degradation in agricultural landscapes. In the US and the EU, agri-environmental subsidies (AES) promote widespread adoption of sustainable practices by compensating farmers who voluntarily implement them on working farmland. Previous studies, however, have suggested limitations of their spatial targeting, with funds not allocated towards areas of the greatest environmental need. We analysed AES in the US and EU—specifically through the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) and selected measures of the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD)—to identify if AES are going where they are most needed to achieve environmental goals, using a set of environmental need indicators, socio-economic variables moderating allocation patterns, and contextual variables describing agricultural systems. Using linear mixed models and linear models we explored the associations among AES allocation and these predictors at different scales. We found that higher AES spending was associated with areas of low soil organic carbon and high greenhouse gas emissions both in the US and EU, and nitrogen surplus in the EU. More so than successes, however, clear mismatches of funding and environmental need emerged—AES allocation did not successfully target areas of highest water stress, biodiversity loss, soil erosion, and nutrient runoff. Socio-economic and agricultural context variables may explain some of these mismatches; we show that AES were allocated to areas with higher proportions of female producers in the EU but not in the US, where funds were directed towards areas with less tenant farmers. Moreover, we suggest that the potential for AES to remediate environmental issues may be curtailed by limited participation in intensive agricultural landscapes. These findings can help inform refinements to EQIP and EAFRD allocation mechanisms and identify opportunities for improving future targeting of AES spending.
A re-evaluation of the Earth’s surface temperature response to radiative forcing
Authors: Young Peter C , Geoffrey Allen P , Bruun John T
Published: April 2021

There is much current debate about the way in which the earth’s climate and temperature are responding to anthropogenic and natural forcing. In this paper we re-assess the current evidence at the globally averaged level by adopting a generic ‘data-based mechanistic’ modelling strategy that incorporates statistically efficient parameter estimation. This identifies a low order, differential equation model that explains how the global average surface temperature variation responds to the influences of total radiative forcing (TRF). The model response includes a novel, stochastic oscillatory component with a period of about 55 years (range 51.6–60 years) that appears to be associated with heat energy interchange between the atmosphere and the ocean. These ‘quasi-cycle’ oscillations, which account for the observed pauses in global temperature increase around 1880, 1940 and 2001, appear to be related to ocean dynamic responses, particularly the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation. The model explains 90% of the variance in the global average surface temperature anomaly and yields estimates of the equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) (2.29 ∘C with 5%–95% range 2.11 ∘C to 2.49 ∘C) and the transient climate response (TCR) (1.56 ∘C with 5%–95% range 1.43 ∘C to 1.68 ∘C), both of which are smaller than most previous estimates. When a high level of uncertainty in the TRF is taken into account, the ECS and TCR estimates are unchanged but the ranges are increased to 1.43 ∘C to 3.14 ∘C and 0.99 ∘C to 2.16 ∘C, respectively.
On barren plateaus and cost function locality in variational quantum algorithms
Authors: Uvarov A V , Biamonte J D
Published: April 2021

Variational quantum algorithms rely on gradient based optimization to iteratively minimize a cost function evaluated by measuring output(s) of a quantum processor. A barren plateau is the phenomenon of exponentially vanishing gradients in sufficiently expressive parametrized quantum circuits. It has been established that the onset of a barren plateau regime depends on the cost function, although the particular behavior has been demonstrated only for certain classes of cost functions. Here we derive a lower bound on the variance of the gradient, which depends mainly on the width of the circuit causal cone of each term in the Pauli decomposition of the cost function. Our result further clarifies the conditions under which barren plateaus can occur.
Analysis of Occupation Intergenerational Mobility Mechanism: Based on the Perspective of Floating Population and Registered Residence System
Authors: Chen Yating
Published: April 2021

The data of China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) were used in this paper, rural population migration variables were introduced for the first time, and combined with registered residence system, and the influence of the direction of intergenerational occupational mobility of the population born between 1960 and 1989 was studied. Meanwhile, special attention was paid to the mobility of the agricultural sector. The study found: firstly, the upward mobility of occupation intergenerational mobility is the dominant trend in China, and the upward mobility of farmers plays an important role in the trend, but it’s difficult to achieve leapfrog upward mobility. Occupation is the registered residence of rural registered residence; Secondly, population mobility is conducive to the upward mobility of the occupation, but the intensity of this factor is gradually weakening; Third, the registered residence system leads to unequal opportunities for occupation intergenerational mobility, and urban hukou groups are in a favourable position in the process of upward intergenerational mobility, and can avoid downward mobility
Analysis of jet suppressing root leakage in plane cascade
Authors: Tang Meng , Fu Xin , Xu Ying Y
Published: April 2021

The three-dimensional numerical simulation of the sealing structure of compressor cascade with jet structure is carried out to study the flow structure of the tooth cavity under the influence of jet. Based on this, the influence of jet on the flow performance in the tooth cavity was analyzed from four aspects of vorticity distribution, turbulent kinetic energy distribution, Mach number distribution and static pressure distribution. The results show that the interaction of the jet flow and the leakage flow makes the internal flow structure of the tooth cavity complicated and changeable. The two fluids are connected and mixed with each other and keep separating and converging, which makes the flow loss increase sharply and the leakage coefficient is greatly reduced. The jet flow drastically changes vorticity distribution and static pressure distribution in the tooth cavity. In the jet-affected section, the jet-affected range is approximately 2 times the circumferential width of the jet port.
Numerical Investigation of Leaned Strake in the Ram-rotor
Authors: Guan Jian , Ji-ang Han , Yu Kexin , Zhong Jingjun
Published: April 2021

The concept of lean commonly adopted in conventional compressors is introduced into the design of the ram-rotor strake, and numerical simulation of the effect of lean on the aerodynamic performance of the ram-rotors has been conducted in this paper. Three types of leaned ]0strake schemes are modeled and analyzed first to investigate the effect of lean on pressure rise and loss characteristics, and then based on C-mid scheme, different amounts of leaning angle are chosen for further research so as to improve the performance of leaned ram-rotor. Results show that the application of lean can affect the intensity and position of shock system. Radial transport and accumulation of low momentum fluid in the boundary layer of suction surface is suppressed. Compared to baseline, C-cas scheme increases total pressure ratio by 2.338 %, however, C-hub scheme improve the adiabatic efficiency by 0.462%. For C-mid scheme, a slight reduction of performance is observed.
Aerodynamic optimization of the last stage turbine blade for an industrial gas turbine
Authors: Sui Yongfeng , Chen Jinquan , Chu Peng , Lan Jibing , Ren Sheng , Wu Hongchao , Xu Yunbin , Xie Jian , Ding Jun
Published: April 2021

A multi-objective, aerodynamic optimization of the last stage turbine blade of an 100Hz industrial gas turbine is presented. We aim at maximizing the stage’s efficiency, while at the same time meeting mechanical integrity. The optimization procedure was build, during the optimization process the mass flow rate and stage meridian were kept constant to obtain the required stage loading without changing the operating point. The optimized geometry are chosen taking into account aerodynamic constraints as well as mechanical constrains, such as centrifugal stress and bending stress. The SST turbulence model was used to calculate the flow field of the original and optimized stage, respectively. The geometry of the original and optimized blade was compared. The stage efficiency of the design point and under different operate conditions were compared. Stage and blade efficiency along span was analyzed in details. The blade loading at root mid top span of the original and optimized blade were discussed. Detailed flow field analysis shows that, after optimization, the peak Mach number of the root span profile was decreased from 1.22 to 1.09, which improves the flow field. Profile loss and end wall loss were also reduced. After optimization, maximum centrifugal stress and the maximum air bending stress were decreased which leads to improved blade life and safety. The number of blades and b/h were suggested for the last stage blade.