bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kebijakan Pidana Mati Terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Narkotika Di Lingkungan Prajurit TNI
Authors: Sutejo  , Saleh Mohammad
Published: May 2024

Regulation on the eradication and countermeasures of narcotics and psychotropic substances (drugs) in Indonesia is known for very strict sanctions in the form of death penalty for drug dealers and dealers who meet certain criteria. Globally, death penalty sanctions pose pros and cons. For those who are against the death penalty is considered contrary to human rights values, while for those who are pro, consider that human rights have restrictions, namely respect for other human rights. In law enforcement against TNI soldiers involved in the circulation of narcotics and psychotropic substances, in addition to being guided by the criminal law that applies to everyone, there are also additional criminal sanctions stipulated in the Criminal Code. In addition, the thing that differentiates is the mechanism and procedure. For the general public, it is processed through the general court, while for soldiers it is processed through the military justice mechanism. The development of death penalty sanctions has shifted with the promulgation of Law No. 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code which will take effect from January 2, 2026.
Legal Aspects in Business Alliances and Strategic Partnerships Between Airlines
Authors: Suryawan Ryan Firdiansyah , Juliater Simarmata
Published: May 2024

The research explores the role of law in governing business alliances and strategic partnerships in the aviation industry, analyses its legal framework, its business implications, and provides policy recommendations. Qualitative methods are used by summarizing findings from several international scientific journals. The findings highlight legal aspects such as antitrust regulation, consumer protection, and liability towards employees. The importance of regulatory compliance for safe and fair operations is highlighted, as well as periodic reviews of legal responses. By strengthening understanding and implementation of legal aspects, the aviation industry can better address future challenges and safeguard the interests of stakeholders.
The Position of the Letter from the Chief of the Supreme Court and the Decision of the Constitutional Court in the Polemic on the Advocate's Oath
Authors: Wahab Mirnawanti , Bachmid Fahri
Published: May 2024

To carry out the profession of an advocate, a person must go through various stages regulated in the Law on advocates, including the process of education and appointment through oaths. However, the publication of the Letter of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia regarding the oath of advocates has created a polemic among law enforcement. This study aims to examine two main issues: first, the substance and position of the Letter of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia regarding advocate oaths; and second, the substance and position of the Advocate Organization's Constitutional Court Decision. As doctrinal legal research, this study uses statutory and contextual approaches to secondary data in the form of primary and secondary legal materials. The results of the analysis conclude that the Letter of Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is recognized as a product of laws and regulations in Indonesia, so it must comply with the principles regarding statutory regulations. However, it is considered that this policy cannot become a binding legal product because it is considered contradictory to the law on advocacy organizations. This was justified by the Constitutional Court's decision, which considered that there was an error in the substance of the letter. The Court, in its legal considerations, then determined the Indonesian Advocates Association (PERADI) as the only advocate organization that was given eight authorities, including carrying out Advocate Profession Special Education (PKPA), Advocate Professional Examination, and carrying out the oath of attorney candidates
The Role of Investment Management Institutions in Carbon Trading in Industrial Areas in Indonesia
Authors: Loudoe Fafat Akbar , Sakti Muthia
Published: May 2024

Life always evolves with the times, including the country. Indonesia is developing by shifting from an agrarian to an industrial sector that is growing rapidly. The existence and development of the industry are instrumental in economic growth in Indonesia, but as the industry develops, the greenhouse gas emissions produced by Indonesia are also increasing. Therefore, a solution is needed to lower greenhouse gas emissions, and one of the solutions is carbon trading. Besides reducing carbon gas emissions, carbon trading can also encourage the domestic carbon market through its buying and selling system, opening up investment opportunities. In relation to investment, since the inauguration of the Job Creation Law, there has been an institution specifically regulating investment, namely the Investment Management Institution, representing the central government with significant authority and privileges. This study aims to analyze how the regulation of carbon trading has changed after the inauguration of the Job Creation regulation as a law and the position of the Indonesia Investment Authority in carbon trading within the industrial sector in Indonesia.
Ecourt Application And Litigation In Perma Number 7 Of 2022 On Electronic Case And Trial Administration (PA Pasuruan Year 2022)
Authors: Randithia Permata Nasaritha
Published: May 2024

The birth of Supreme Court Regulation Number 7 of 2022 is expected to provide convenience for justice-seeking parties and answer three main issues, namely delay, affordability (access), and integrity in handling a case (integrity). The entire case registered in ecourt in 2022 at the PA Pasuruan is not directly proportional to the case processed through elitigation so that the goal for the community to get justice through an electronic trial is not in accordance with the principle of Justice, which is simple, fast and low cost. In this study using empirical laws that are descriptive qualitative using sociological juridical approach. The data source of this study is the primary data obtained from field studies and secondary data from the library. Data collection techniques of this study are observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques in the form of data reduction, data presentation, data verification and conclusions. The results of this study are first, that ecourt and litigation in Pa Pasuruan in 2022 have been running, but not yet maximized. Second, the factors that affect the implementation of ecourt and e-litigation in PA Pasuruan in 2022 are the lack of literacy or understanding for judges, especially those who are senior and also to the community on the use of technology and information and the lack of socialization related to e-litigation to the community and law enforcement. Third, the efforts made by PA Pasuruan to increase the use of ecourt and litigation in the PA Pasuruan are to socialize the latest features issued by the Supreme Court, namely litigation carried out by conducting technology guidance, seminars, and social media that allow this information to be conveyed to the public.
Law Enforcement for Fraud Offenders on behalf of Banks Through Online According to Islamic Criminal Law
Authors: Putra Rabullah , Dintara Lubis Syaddan
Published: May 2024

This research aims to find out the modus operandi of criminal fraud on behalf of banks through online, to find out law enforcement for fraud perpetrators on behalf of banks through online at the North Sumatra Regional Police, and to find out the review of Islamic criminal law in fraud cases on behalf of banks through online. This research uses a qualitative empirical research strategy in the field of law. Interviews with members of the North Sumatra Regional Police became the main data source, while literature surveys of online journals, papers, and articles related to fraud legislation became secondary data. Data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing are the three stages of qualitative data preparation. Article 378 of the Criminal Code can be used to regulate the crime of online fraud, according to the above study. To strengthen the legal basis, Article 28 paragraph (1) of the ITE Law can be followed. Islamic criminal law, which is based on hadith and the Quran, does not provide clear guidelines on how to deal with internet fraud involving banks. Islamic law includes general principles that should be followed, and their application depends on the interpretation of local scholars or religious authorities. In the case of online fraud on behalf of a bank, which is included in the crime of fraud, it can be subject to ta'zir punishment such as a stern warning, a material fine whose amount is adjusted to the victim's loss, imprisonment, flogging, or also exile from society for a while.
Ownership Patterns of Land Rights from the Perspective of Customary Law Communities in Waropen Regency Papua Province
Authors: Daniel Tanati
Published: May 2024

Ownership of land rights in the Waropen customary law community is very important because the land is a legacy of their ancestors which is used to meet their daily needs. The aim of this research is to find out more about land ownership rights from the perspective of the Waropen customary law community. The approach used is empirical, which looks directly at the reality that occurs among the Waropen traditional law community regarding ownership of land rights which are considered a legacy from their ancestors and are used to meet their daily needs. Data obtained from field observations, both primary and secondary, are then analyzed systematically so that the data can be accounted for. The results of this research reveal that the Waropen Indigenous people recognize 2 (two) types of land rights, namely ownership rights and use rights. Residents of the Waropen indigenous community can have property rights in the form of individual rights, family property rights which are the same as household property rights, and clan property rights or customary rights. Property rights in the Waropen language are called Mipena (Sanggei Village) or Risanau. Mipena or risanau in the traditional concept is originally a former garden. Former garden land refers to ownership of land or an area that is owned. Meanwhile, the right to use is the right to use or collect proceeds from land controlled by the state or land owned by another person, based on a mutual agreement between the land owner and the person who will use the land. In the Waropen indigenous community, this right of use can be differentiated into several groups of users of land rights, including the right to use for fellow Waropen people, this transfer is facilitated by the Government, the right to use for pastors, evangelists, teachers, health workers who come to dedicate themselves in the Waropen area and use rights are also given to traders from Bugis, Makassar, Java and Toraja as a place to carry out business activities.
Concept of Islamic Law Enforcement In the History and Practice of Islamic Justice
Authors: Syam Misnar , Devianty Fitri
Published: May 2024

Upholding justice in social life has an important meaning in one of the efforts to build a high and dignified national civilization. Justice is carried out by judicial institutions. The performance of our courts or justice system is far from satisfactory, which results in a sense of comfort and happiness for justice seekers. Court decisions only create decisions that are procedurally fair. Likewise, court decisions seem more likely to favor parties who have money and power. Access to justice that should be equal for all levels of society cannot be achieved, so only elite people can enjoy it. In administering the judicial process, Islamic law aims to enforce law and justice proportionally based on Islamic Sharia. The growth and development of Islamic justice is a product of interactions within the social system, including with existing judicial institutions. Law enforcement in Indonesia does not synergize with each other in realizing justice. This is due to the position and standing of legal institutions where the function of investigation and prosecution is under executive power, while the function of adjudicating and deciding is under the Supreme Court. This causes a tendency to protect the interests of their respective institutions rather than law enforcement efforts in the public interest. The problem formulation in this paper is what is the concept of law enforcement in Islamic law in the practice and history of Islamic justice? The conclusion is:The concept of law enforcement in Islamic law does not differentiate between civil and criminal cases. Law enforcement includes material law and formal law. Material law originates from the Al-Qur'an, As-Sunnah and Fiqh.
Rhein inhibits cell proliferation of glioblastoma multiforme cells by regulating the TGF-ß and apoptotic signaling pathways
Authors: Çetinkaya Sümeyra
Published: May 2024

Rhein (4,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid) is a plant metabolite found in rhubarbs. It inhibits cell proliferation and stimulates apoptosis in in vivo and in vitro. However, research into the molecular mechanisms of action is insufficient for recommending it as a therapeutic agent. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the antiproliferative, apoptotic, and antimetastatic effects of rhein by targeting the TGF-β signaling pathway, and apoptotic pathway in glioblastoma cells (U87 GBM). In this study, the XTT assay was utilized to determine cell viability, the colony formation assay to measure cell survival and proliferation, RT-qPCR for the analysis of gene expressions, and ELISA for the detection of proteins. U87 GBM cells were treated with varying concentrations of rhein (5-100 µM) in a time-dependent manner (24, 48 h), after which the percentage of cell viability was calculated. The colony formation assay was performed by treating cells with the IC50 dose of rhein. According to the XTT assay, the IC50 dose of rhein was determined as 10 µM at 24 h. The ability to form colonies was significantly decreased in the cells of the treatment group. According to the gene expression analysis, rhein increased the mRNA levels of CASP3, -8, -9, BAX, and TGF-β1 genes, while a notable decrease was observed in the BCL-2, SMAD2, SMAD3, and TIMP1 genes. In conclusion, it was determined that rhein induces apoptosis via the non-canonical TGF-β pathway.
An efficient tomato diseases detection and classification methodology using CNN Deep Learning Network
Authors: Kebir Sofiane Tchoketch , Berrhail Fouaz , Didi Faouzi
Published: May 2024

In this paper, an efficient methodology for detecting and classifying tomato diseases using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) deep learning network is presented as an efficient aided tool to classify different tomato diseases based on their leaf appearence, where plant diseases and insects are considered as a main challenges for farmers to overcome. The proposed methodology structure is based on 20 layers using convolution, Maxpooling, Batch normalization and ReLU process as main operations in the adopted architecture. The obtained results using Plant Village database show that our proposed methodology outclasses the best recent methods of tomato diseases detection and classification with scores of 97.3% 96.8% 97.0% and 97.5% for precision, Recall, F1-Score and accuracy coefficient criteria respectively. Our methodology of tomato diseases detection and classification is found as effective, accurate and aided diagnostic tool that aims to aid farmers to make a precise plant treatments and enhancing productivity while promoting environmental sustainability.
Transformer winding faults diagnosis using the transfer function of its high-frequency lumped equivalent model from the measured FRA data
Authors: Chaouche Moustafa Sahnoune , Didi Faouzi , Amari Malika , Sofi Naima , Houassine Hamza , Moulahoum Samir
Published: May 2024

The frequency response analysis (FRA) of the transformer is the data obtained in a wide frequency range that represents the transfer function (TF) that reflects the physical behavior of its coil. However, it can be considered one of the best tools for a better understanding of the electromagnetic characteristics of the winding. This article proposes the TF as a tool to locate and assess transformer winding failures. So, an autonomous algorithm has been developed to construct the TF in ‘s domain’ proposed in previous research. The TF has been determined from experimental measured FRA data from an isolated air-core winding, where the TF has been calculated for the axial defects (AD) realized on the winding discs. Besides, the diagnostic approach is based on the scaling factor (K) and the real zero (τ) of the TF that can be obtained from the measured equivalent capacitance, equivalent inductance, and the DC resistance of the winding in high and low-frequency ranges. However, the K, τ, and the slope of the equivalent inductance characteristics as a function of the winding defects degree have been used for locating and assessing the severity of the winding faults.
Examining Grade 6 Teachers’ Knowledge and Understanding of Differentiated Instruction in O.R. Tambo Inland District in South Africa
Authors: Mnyamana Nondumiso , Matope Samson , Ndebele Clever
Published: May 2024

It is essential to ensure differentiation in curriculum delivery to give all learners access to learning while also meeting the diversity of learner needs in the classroom in line with the Republic of South Africa’s inclusive education policy. This mixed methods study sought to examine grade 6 teachers’ knowledge and understanding of differentiated instruction to respond to the diverse needs of learners in OR Tambo Education District in the Eastern Cape. Data was collected from three randomly selected primary schools using interviews, questionnaires, and classroom observation tools. Four grade 6 teachers for mathematics and reading-to-learn were selected from each school (N 12). Key findings revealed that teachers lacked knowledge and understanding of differentiated instruction, and how it should be implemented in the classroom. This implies that all teachers should be trained or in-serviced (during and after training respectively) on how to respond to learners’ diverse needs during teaching and learning. This study contributes to knowledge in the field of inclusive education. The results of this study may influence universities to design teacher education programmes, methods, and/or interventions, which will enhance responses to learner diversity through differentiated instruction. This study could help researchers uncover the critical areas of differentiated instruction, its importance and its application in the classroom, its benefits for teachers and learners, and its impact on student learning.

Keywords: Curriculum Delivery, Differentiated Instruction, Learner Diversity, Pedagogical Knowledge.
Cripistemologies of Memory
Authors: Mullaney Clare
Published: May 2024

While crip time serves as a useful heuristic for understanding how disabled people challenge normative expectations regarding pace, what the article terms
demented time
conveys the meaningful inversions of past and present modeled by people with dementia and misunderstood by those without it. The article interweaves the documentary film
Dick Johnson is Dead
and personal stories of dementia to study the ways they present “forgotten” memory in new and surprising forms. If Johnson’s film insists that disabled people are not yet dead, the grandmother of the article’s author—in forgetting who is dead—keeps them among the living. While mourning typically frames the dead as lost, the person with dementia recapitulates this loss as presence. A cripistemology of memory, then, asks that we embrace
demented time
, that we unknow categorical distinctions between life and death, and that we privilege the ways memories of the dead interrupt the presumed certainty of the living.
Toward a Cripistemology of Eco-Anxiety
Authors: Hall Kim Q.
Published: May 2024

The article proposes a cripistemology of eco-anxiety that critiques a white, cis-heteronormative, ableist form of ignorance that characterizes mainstream concerns about eco-anxious youth, including what the article suggests are the ecofascist tendencies of this ignorance. Rather than deny the debilitating effects that anxiety can have, the focus here is on an individualized and depoliticized mainstream approach to eco-anxiety that operates as a form of epistemic injustice even as it expresses care and concern for the well-being of those who are eco-anxious. Furthermore, the article critiques the ableist assumption that because it can be debilitating, eco-anxiety cannot also be lived in ways that generate important insights for learning to live otherwise in a context of climate change—or, put differently, the ableist assumption that disabled body-minds are only epistemic objects and never epistemic subjects. The suggestion is that a cripistemology of eco-anxiety attends to the possibility of this queer-crip wisdom.
All That Wheezes Is Not Asthma
Authors: Seth Divya , Kamat Deepak
Published: May 2024

Wheezing is a high pitched, whistling sound generated when air flows through narrowed airways and is often equated with asthma. However, wheezing may be a presenting symptom of various other conditions including structural lesions of the airways, foreign body aspiration, pulmonary infections as well as cardiac causes. Underlying etiology of wheezing may also vary with age. Detailed history, physical examination, and laboratory investigations are often required to identify the underlying etiology of wheezing. Additional studies may sometimes be needed to accurately identify the underlying etiology such as pulmonary function test or spirometry, chest radiography (chest X-ray), and bronchoscopy. This review article discusses the common causes of wheezing encountered in clinical practice.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2024;53(5):e189–e194.]
Pediatric Support for Children Eligible for Legal Humanitarian Relief
Authors: Rosenberg Julia , Kazmir Sundes , Giri Minal
Published: May 2024

Many children in immigrant families may qualify for legal protection—for themselves if unaccompanied, or as a derivative on parents' claims—on humanitarian grounds related to persecution or forced migration. Pediatric providers can offer a spectrum of multidirectional medical-legal supports to increase access to medical-legal services and support children who are undocumented or in mixed-status families. These activities can include providing trusted information, incorporating screening for health-related social needs, establishing networks for multidirectional referrals, and providing letters of support for legal protection. To expand workforce capacity for medical-legal services related to immigration, pediatric providers can also receive training to conduct specialized, trauma-informed forensic evaluations and can advocate at individual, local, state, federal, and global levels to address factors leading to persecution and forced migration while supporting individuals who may be eligible for legal protection.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2024;53(5):e183–e188.]
Accuracy-First Epistemology and Scientific Progress
Authors: Lewis Peter J. , Fallis Don , Fitelson Branden
Published: May 2024

The accuracy-first program attempts to ground epistemology in the norm that one’s beliefs should be as accurate as possible, where accuracy is measured using a scoring rule. We argue that considerations of scientific progress suggest that such a monism about epistemic value is untenable. In particular, we argue that counterexamples to the standard scoring rules are ubiquitous in the history of science, and hence that these scoring rules cannot be regarded as a precisification of our intuitive concept of epistemic value.
The W-Defense Defended
Authors: Capes Justin A.
Published: May 2024

The W-defense is among the most prominent arguments for the principle of alternative possibilities (PAP). Here I offer some considerations in support of the W-defense and respond to what I see as the most forceful objections to it to date. My response to these objections invokes the well-known flicker of freedom response to Frankfurt cases. I argue that the W-defense and the flicker response are mutually reinforcing and together yield a compelling defense of PAP.
Latent tuberculosis diagnostics: current scenario and review
Authors: Gupta Amitesh , Chandra Eshutosh , Anand Shipra , Kumar Naresh , Arora Richa , Rana Divyanshi , Mrigpuri Parul
Published: May 2024

This review presents a comprehensive examination of the contemporary landscape pertaining to latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) diagnostics, with a particular emphasis on the global ramifications and the intricacies surrounding LTBI diagnosis and treatment. It accentuates the imperative of bolstering diagnostic, preventive, and treatment modalities for tuberculosis (TB) to fulfill the ambitious targets set forth by the World Health Organization aimed at reducing TB-related mortalities and the incidence of new TB cases. The document underscores the significance of addressing LTBI as a means of averting the progression to active TB, particularly in regions burdened with high TB prevalence, such as India. An in-depth analysis of the spectrum delineating latent and active TB disease is provided, elucidating the risk factors predisposing individuals with LTBI to progress towards active TB, including compromised immune functionality, concurrent HIV infection, and other immunosuppressive states. Furthermore, the challenges associated with LTBI diagnosis are elucidated, encompassing the absence of a definitive diagnostic assay, and the merits and demerits of tuberculin skin testing (TST) and interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs) are expounded upon. The document underscores the necessity of confronting these challenges and furnishes a meticulous examination of the advantages and limitations of TST and IGRAs, along with the intricacies involved in interpreting their outcomes across diverse demographics and settings. Additionally, attention is drawn towards the heritability of the interferon-γ response to mycobacterial antigens and the potential utility of antibodies in LTBI diagnosis.
Analysis Method of Special Physical Training Mode of Basketball Teams in Colleges Based on WeChat Applet and FTTA Optimised LSTM
Authors: Chen Gang , Zhang Shuaishuai
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE: this paper proposes a basketball special physical training mode analysis method based on WeChat applet and optimization algorithm to improve the deep learning network.METHODS: Using the applet data set and the coaches' record data as model input data, the proposed method is used to analyse and thus improve the performance of the basketball team's special physical training pattern.RESULTS: Comparing the analysis effect between FTTA-Attention-LSTM analysis model and LSTM, FTTA-LSTM, FTTA-GRU, FTTA-BiLSTM models, the WeChat mini-program oriented basketball team's special physical fitness training mode analysis index system contains 14 factors affecting the analysis model; in analysing the relationship between the size of FTTA population and Attention-LSTM network hidden layer node number experiments, it was found that the selection of the population size of 80, the number of hidden layer nodes for 90; by analysing the FTTA-Attention-LSTM analysis model and other comparative models, it was found that the analysis accuracy of the FTTA-Attention-LSTM analysis model is the smallest, and the analysis time meets the real-time requirements, controlled within 0.001s.CONCLUSION: In the future, principal component analysis technology can be introduced for feature selection to further achieve intelligence and improve the analysis efficiency of the model.
Frontal-Crash Occupant Protection in the Rear Seat: Submarining and
Abdomen/Pelvis Response in Midsized Male Surrogates
Authors: Guettler Allison J. , Bianco Samuel T. , Albert Devon L. , Boyle David M. , Kemper Andrew R. , Hardy Warren N.
Published: May 2024

Frontal-crash sled tests were conducted to assess submarining protection and
abdominal injury risk for midsized male occupants in the rear seat of modern
vehicles. Twelve sled tests were conducted in four rear-seat vehicle-bucks with
twelve post-mortem human surrogates (PMHS). Select kinematic responses and
submarining incidence were compared to previously observed performance of the
Hybrid III 50th-percentile male and THOR-50M ATDs (Anthropomorphic Test Devices)
in matched sled tests conducted as part of a previous study. Abdominal pressure
was measured in the PMHS near each ASIS (Anterior Superior Iliac Spine), in the
inferior vena cava, and in the abdominal aorta. Damage to the abdomen, pelvis,
and lumbar spine of the PMHS was also identified. In total, five PMHS underwent
submarining. Four PMHS, none of which submarined, sustained pelvis fractures and
represented the heaviest of the PMHS tested. Submarining of the PMHS occurred in
two out of four vehicles. In the matched tests, the Hybrid III never underwent
submarining while the THOR-50M submarined in three out of four vehicles.
Submarining occurred in vehicles having both conventional and advanced
(pretensioner and load limiter) restraints. The dominant factors associated with
submarining were related to seat pan geometry. While the THOR-50M was not always
an accurate tool for predicting submarining in the PMHS, the Hybrid III could
not predict submarining at all. The results of this study identify substantive
gaps in frontal-crash occupant protection in the rear seat for midsized males
and elucidates the need for additional research for rear-seat occupant
protection for all occupants.
Incidences du concassage du granite sur les populations de Kpeve dans la commune de Zio 1 (Togo)
Authors: Boko K.
Published: May 2024

Au Togo, le code minier souligne la responsabilité sociétale des entreprises extractives dans le processus de développement des milieux où elles installent leurs carrières. Cependant, l’indifférence des acteurs miniers s’observe à travers leur faible engagement à suivre les recommandations relatives à l’impact socio-environnemental de leurs actions. L’engagement devrait se traduire par l’investissement dans les infrastructures de base telles que l’eau potable, l’école, la santé, l’électricité, les pistes rurales, le reboisement, entre autres. L’objectif de cette recherche est d’analyser les effets socio-environnementaux et agricoles du concassage du granite sur les paysans du village de Kpeve dans la commune de Zio 1. L’hypothèse émise est que la désorganisation environnementale et socioéconomique des populations de ladite localité est liée à la production du concassé. Inscrite dans une démarche qualitative, la recherche aboutit à des résultats qui montrent que le concassage du granite a des conséquences ambivalentes sur le village. D’une part, la carrière de déroctage a des incidences sur la dynamique environnementale, à savoir la destruction de la forêt abritant le granite, la pollution de l’eau du barrage qui sert de boisson aux populations, l’éparpillement des pierres projetées dans les champs par le dynamitage de la roche, le déguerpissement des paysans, etc.

In Togo, the mining code underlines the social responsibility of extractive companies in the process of developing the environments where they set up their quarries. However, the indifference of mining stakeholders is observed through their weak commitment to follow the recommendations relating to the socio-environmental impact of their actions. The commitment should result in investment in basic infrastructure such as drinking water, schools, health, electricity, maintenance of rural roads, reforestation, among others. The objective of this research is to analyze the socio-environmental and agricultural effects of granite crushing on the farmers of the village of Kpeve in the commune of Zio 1. The hypothesis put forward is that the environmental and socio-economic disorganization of the populations of the said locality is linked to the production of crushed stone. Adopted a qualitative approach, the research produced results which show that rock crushing has ambivalent consequences on the village. On the one hand, the rock removal quarry has impacts on environmental dynamics, namely the destruction of the forest sheltering the rock, the pollution of the water from the dam which serves as a drink for the populations, the scattering of the stones thrown into the fields by the blasting of the rock, the eviction of the peasants, etc.
Tatouages et piercings : aspects épidémiologiques et motivations à Parakou (Bénin)
Authors: Agbessi N. , Akpadjan F. , Houngnonvi R. , Houngbo O. , Degboe B. , Adegbidi H. , Atadokpede F. , Koudoukpo C.
Published: May 2024

Contexte : les tatouages et piercings constituent des pratiques qui sont en augmentation dans le monde. L’objectif de cette étude était décrire les aspects épidémiologiques et les motivations de la pratique des tatouages et piercings en population générale à Parakou (Bénin).
Méthodes : Il s’est agi d’une étude transversale, descriptive ayant porté sur la population de la ville de Parakou (Bénin). Les données ont été analysées avec le logiciel Epi info version 7.2.2. Le seuil de significativité était p< 5%.
Résultats : La prévalence des tatouages était de 9,84% et celle des piercings de 11,15%. Une prédominance féminine avec une sex-ratio à 0,13 pour les piercings et de 0,49 pour les tatouages a été retrouvée. L’âge moyen des enquêtés était de 27,31±6,99 ans. La principale motivation était la mode (65,00 % pour les tatouages et 64,11% pour les piercings). La principale signification de ces pratiques était un moyen d’individualisation (43,33% pour les tatouages et 30,88% pour les piercings). Plus de la moitié des enquêtés n’étaient pas conscients de la survenue de complications sur les piercings (76,54%) et tatouages (90%). Le sexe était significativement associé à la pratique de piercing (p<0,001). Le sexe (p=0,01) et le niveau d’instruction (p=0,04) étaient significativement associés à la pratique de tatouage chez les sujets enquêtés.
Conclusion : La pratique des tatouages et piercings est un réel phénomène de mode à Parakou au Bénin et les complications sont méconnues de la population. Les facteurs associés retrouvés étaient le sexe et le niveau d’instruction.

Background: Tattoos and piercings are becoming increasingly popular worldwide. The aim was to study the epidemiological aspects and motivations of the practice of tattoos and piercings in the general population of Parakou.
Methods: This was a crosssectional, descriptive, analytical study of the population of the town of Parakou (Benin). Data were analyzed using Epi info version 7.2.2 software. The significance threshold was p< 5%.
Results: The prevalence of tattoos was 9.84% and piercings 11.15%. Females predominated, with a sex ratio of 0.13 for piercings and 0.49 for tattoos. Average age was 27.31±6.99 years. The main motivation was fashion (65.00% for tattoos and 64.11% for piercings). The main significance of these practices was as a means of individualization (43.33% for tattoos and 30.88% for piercings). More than half the respondents were unaware of the occurrence of complications on piercings (76.54%) and tattoos (90%). Gender was significantly associated with piercing (p<0.001). Sex (p=0.01) and level of education (p=0.04) were significantly associated with tattooing among the subjects surveyed.
Conclusion: The practice of tattooing and piercing is a real fashion phenomenon in Parakou, Benin, and the complications are not well known by the population. The associated factors found were gender and level of education.
Fatal road traffic accident and medico-legal aspects in Lomé (Togo)
Authors: Towoezim T.H. , Djiwa T. , Kombate N.K. , Gnandi-Piou F , Darre T.
Published: May 2024

Objectives: know the circumstances and causes of death related to traffic accidents which have been the subject of forensic expertise in Togo.
Methods: It was a case series study on fatal road traffic accident victims who benefited from forensic expertise from 2017 to 2021 (5 years) in the pathological anatomy department of Lomé in Togo.
Result: A total of 248 forensic expertise files were collected, representing an annual frequency of 49.6 cases. The sex ratio (M/F) was 3.1. The ages of the victims ranged from 1 to 84 years with an average age of 39.2±4.3 years. The circumstances were dominated by motorcycle collisions (101 cases; 40.7%) followed by motorcycle- vehicle (67 cases; 27.0%). Speeding was reported as the leading cause of accidents in 179 cases (72.2%). The victims were mainly passengers and motorcycle drivers in 115 cases (46.4%). The anatomical lesions were grouped into four groups: polytrauma (152 cases, 61.3%), severe head trauma isolated (55 cases, 22.2%), thoracic contusion (23 cases, 9.3%), and abdominopelvic contusion with perineal lesion (18 cases, 7.2%).
Conclusion: Raising awareness and applying road safety principles among motorcycle and car drivers will help stop this threat. Government at all levels should implement strong policies to reduce the speed of vehicles on the roads.

Objectifs : connaître les circonstances et les causes des décès liés aux accidents de la circulation qui ont fait l'objet d'une expertise médico-légale au Togo.
Méthodes : Il s'agissait d'une étude de série de cas sur les victimes d'accidents mortels de la circulation ayant bénéficié d'une expertise médico-légale de 2017 à 2021 (5 ans) dans le service d'anatomie pathologique de Lomé au Togo.
Résultats : deux cent quarante-huit (248) dossiers d'expertise médicolégale ont été recueillis, soit une fréquence annuelle de 49,6 cas. Le sex-ratio (H/F) était de 3,1. L'âge des victimes variait de 1 à 84 ans avec une moyenne de 39,2±4,3 ans. Les circonstances étaient dominés par les collisions entre motocyclettes (101 cas ; 40,7%) suivies par les collisions entre motocyclettes et véhicules (67 cas ; 27,0%). L'excès de vitesse était la cause principale des accidents dans 179 cas (72,2%). Les victimes étaient principalement des passagers et des conducteurs de moto dans 115 cas (46,4 %). Les lésions anatomiques ont été regroupées en quatre groupes : polytraumatisme (152 cas, 61,3%), traumatisme crânien sévère isolé (55 cas, 22,2%), contusion thoracique (23 cas, 9,3%) et contusion abdomino-pelvienne avec lésion périnéale (18 cas, 7,2%).
Conclusion : La sensibilisation et l'application des principes de sécurité routière parmi les conducteurs de motocyclettes et de voitures contribueront à mettre un terme à cette menace. Le gouvernement à tous les niveaux devrait mettre en œuvre des politiques fortes pour réduire la vitesse des véhicules sur les routes.
Parures initiatiques et construction identitaire chez les Lama-Dessi du Togo
Authors: Moumouni I. , N'djambara M. , Arokoum K.
Published: May 2024

Les Lama-Dessi sont un sous-groupe kabyè qui pratique plusieurs rites dont le Waah, le dernier qui permet aux adultes de passer de la catégorie des adultes relatifs à celle des adultes complets en vue de participer pleinement aux activités socioéconomiques, politiques et religieuses du lignage et d’assurer la pérennité des pratiques, discours et représentations y afférents. La manifestation de ce rite est toujours marquée par l’usage des accessoires vestimentaires qui sont des parures rituelles. Au-delà de leur fonction pratique, celle de couvrir le corps de l’initié et de le protéger contre les intempéries, et leur fonctions esthétiques, celles de rendre l’initié plus beau dans ses atours, ces parures sont des symboles de véritables marqueurs d’identité de l’initié. Dans ce sens, cet article se propose de présenter la sémiotique de ces accessoires vestimentaires et de démontrer à partir d’une ethnographie, qu’elles participent de la construction de l’identité des LamaDessi. La démarche méthodologique est essentiellement qualitative en mettant à contribution l’observation, les entretiens, l’analyse matérielle et l’ethnohistoire. Il en résulte une typologisation des parures rituelles en usage dans le Waah, leurs significations symboliques profonde au sein de la culture kabyè ainsi que leur rôle social dans la construction identitaire chez les Lama- Dessi.
The Lama-Dessi are a Kabyè subgroup who practice several rites of passage including the Waah, the last which allows adults to move from the category of relative adults to that of complete adults in order to fully participate in socio-economic activities, political and religious aspects of the lineage and to ensure the sustainability of related practices, discourses and representations. The manifestation of this rite is always marked by the use of clothing accessories which are ritual adornments. Beyond fulfilling their biological function, that of covering the body of the initiate and protecting it against bad weather, and their aesthetic functions, those of making the initiate more beautiful in his finery, these adornments are symbols of true identity markers the insider. In this sense, this article aims to present the semiotics of these clothing and demonstration accessories from an ethnographic perspective, that they participate in the construction of the identity of the Lama-Dessi. The methodological approach is essentially qualitative of the anthropological type. As results, we can retain the typology of ritual adornments involved in the Waah, their semantics as well as their role in the construction of identity among the Lama-Dessi.
Myasthénie oculaire chez une jeune Togolaise : à propos d’un cas et revue de la littérature
Authors: Guinhouya K.M. , Anayo K.N. , Agba L. , Belo M. , Baloou A.K.A.
Published: May 2024

Introduction : La myasthénie gravis est une maladie auto-immune caractérisée par la production d'anticorps contre les récepteurs de l'acétylcholine au niveau de la jonction neuromusculaire. Nous rapportons une forme oculaire de myasthénie gravis découverte grâce à la quinine dans le cadre d'un traitement antipaludique.
Cas clinique : Une fillette de 14 ans, en classe de 4ème, deuxième enfant d’une fratrie de quatre enfants a été vue en neurologie au CHU-SO pour prise en charge d’une faiblesse musculaire généralisée. Après un traitement, le patient avait présenté une diplopie binoculaire avec ptosis, faiblesse généralisée. Le diagnostic de myasthénie gravis auto- immune a été retenu après le test à la prostigmine, l’électroneuromyographie, les dosages d’anticorps anti récepteur‘acétylcholine ainsi que le scanner thoracique.

Introduction: Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease characterized by the production of antibodies against acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction. We report an ocular form of myasthenia gravis discovered using quinine as part of antimalarial treatment.
Clinical case: A 14-year-old girl, in 4th grade, second child of four children, was seen in neurology at CHU-SO for treatment of generalized muscle weakness. After treatment, the patient presented binocular diplopia with ptosis, generalized weakness. The diagnosis of autoimmune myasthenia gravis was made after the prostigmine test, electroneuromyography, anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody assays as well as than chest CT.
Evaluation of the Modulatory Effects of Capsicum Chinensis Methanol Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Neuropathic Pain in Mice
Authors: Alabi Babatunde A. , Aderonmu Adeyinka , Lawal Sodiq K. , Nku-Ekpang Okot-Asi T. , Ajayi Mayowa , Iwalewa Olugbenga E.
Published: May 2024

Diabetes is one of the common causes of neuropathic pain. The first-line treatment drugs used in alleviating neuropathic pain can cause adverse effects. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the analgesic property of Capsicum chinensis, since the plant was reported to be used against chronic pain in traditional medicine. Streptozotocin-induced diabetes was adopted to model neuropathy in mice and the antihyperalgesic effect of the extract was evaluated using a hot plate test, cold allodynia test, and Randall- Selitto paw pressure test. The plasma level of pain-associated inflammatory biomarkers like interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tissue necrotic factor-α (TNF-α) was also measured. Treatment with varying doses of extract (1, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) increased the mean reaction time to thermal pain during hot and cold plate tests. During the Paw pressure test, reaction time was significantly prolonged in the treatment groups and the plasma level of TNF-α and IL-6 were reduced (p < 0.05). The extract showed a better antihyperalgesic effect than the positive control drug (gabapentin). The result obtained showed that Capsicum chinensis extract can alleviate diabetes neuropathic pain in mice models with a better analgesic effect thanthe control drug (gabapentin).
Turmeric Dyeing of Cotton Fabrics using Tie-Dyeing Techniques
Authors: Bigambo Pendo , Wellah Happiness , Ngaga Hadija , Kimbokota Safina , Mrango Mbonea
Published: May 2024

Tie-dyeing is a resist-dyeing technique which for years has been used by SMEs to produce attractive textile fabrics. However, the technique is challenged by the use of synthetic dyes which are not environmentally friendly and the growing consumers’ environmental awareness. Accordingly, researchers and industrialists are forced to explore the alternative natural dyes in response to the above challenges. Among the natural source of dyes available abundantly in Tanzania, but are yet to be fully exploited for applications via tie-dyeing technique are turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) roots commonly used for food coloring.
In this study turmeric roots were investigated for their potential as dyes for coloration of cotton fabrics through tie-dyeing technique. Turmeric dyes were extracted through boiling of powdered turmeric roots in water followed by filtering the mixture, and applying it to a pre-mordanted and tied fabric. For analysis purposes, un-tied (plain) cotton fabric was also dyed following the same procedure. The findings of this study suggests that, turmeric dyes can be applied on cotton using tie-dyeing technique and produce golden-yellow color on fabrics. Additionally, pre-mordanting of cotton increased the color depth of dyed materials while improving their fastness properties with respect to washing and both wet and dry rubbing.
Potential of Endophytic Fungal Isolates in Improving Productivity and Postharvest Marketable Fruit Qualities of Tomato
Authors: Michael Gabriel , Sangu Emmanuel M.
Published: May 2024

In Tanzania, low tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) yield and postharvest marketable fruit qualities remain significant limitations for tomato grower’s profit. Seven endophytic fungal isolates from pyrethrum and Lemongrass leaf and or flowers were evaluated to promote tomato productivity and fruit qualities. The isolates were inoculated by priming the seeds in spore suspension, and the variations in the number of germinated seeds, seedling vigour, yield and fruit qualities were compared across the treatments. It was observed that only three isolates induced more than 50% seed germination. Epf1 and Epl1 isolates showed significant promotion of seed germination (F 0.05 (pdf, 23) = 8.121 and P = 0.001) and seedling vigour. Isolate Epf1 increased fruit number (18.4%) and weight (17%) but reduced fruit size (0.63%); the Epl1 increased fruit size (12%) and reduced fruit number (14.4%). The Epf1 induced delayed fruit ripening, colour development and softening, decaying, and prolonged shelf life by 9 days. These findings indicate that promoting tomato productivity and postharvest marketable fruit qualities is isolate-specific; therefore, it requires diligent screening. Incorporation of the Epf1 isolate through seed priming with fungal spore suspension demonstrated a high potential for increasing tomato productivity and postharvest marketable fruit qualities.