bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance of Lung Function Tests in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease & Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Moravineni Usha Rani , Malladi Srinivasa Rao , P. V. Sudhakar , Atla Bhagya Lakshmi , K.V.V Vijay Kumar , P. Satyanarayana Raju , M. Sandhya , T. Susmitha Madhuri
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND We wanted to assess the significance of diagnosis and prognosis of lung function tests in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) & cardiovascular diseases in this study. METHODS This study was conducted among 200 patients in the outpatient departments of General Medicine and Cardiology of King George Hospital/AMC. Data was collected with Spirometer machine (Digital), HELIOS-401, Recorders & Medicare Systems Pvt. Ltd, Haryana, Chandigarh-160002, India. The data were entered into MS Excel and analysed in SPSS v21. RESULTS Of the 200 patients enrolled in the study, 146 (73 %) were males and 54 (27 %) were females with an average age of 50.38 ± 9.86 yrs. In the study population, pulmonary function parameters were significantly different in COPD compared to control and a P- value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The difference in pulmonary function parameters between Controls, COPD, Post MI & Post MI & COPD groups was statistically significant. Whereas the pulmonary function parameters between the post-MI and controls were not statistically significantly different with a P-value of more than 0.05. In the study population, the pulmonary function parameters were significantly different between the Post MI and control, COPD and control, Post MI with COPD and control. CONCLUSIONS The diagnosis of COPD was done by the Lung function test which is considered the gold standard test. The lung function was improved in Post MI cases of more than one-month duration. KEY WORDS Lung Function Tests, COPD, Cardiovascular Diseases, Spirometry
A Cross-sectional Study of Central Corneal Thickness in Dry Eye Disease Patients in a Tertiary Centre in South India
Authors: R. Minnu Lekshmi , Murugesan Rajakumari , K. Vignitha , Pandey Aditi , Dharamdasani Heena
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND Dry eye disease is one of the most common presentation in hospital with varied presenting complaints and which can lead to various complications. Study is done on 200 eyes diagnosed with dry eyes in a tertiary centre in South India using Schirmer; and tear break up time test. Their central corneal thickness is measured using specular microscopy. The correlation of dry eye disease and central corneal thickness is assessed. Dry eye disease diagnosed using Schirmer test showed a strong correlation with the central corneal thickness. A significant reduction in central corneal thickness was observed in dry eyes disease diagnosed with Schirmer disease. The factors affecting dryness includes inflammatory component and evaporating component. Based on my study the results of dry eyes due to inflammation of eye can be considered to have more association to the pathogenesis in relation to central corneal thickness. Inflammation decreases the eyes’ ability to produce normal tear. METHODS 200 eyes of 100 patients who presented in hospitals diagnosed with dry eye disease were included in the study. The central corneal thickness of these patients was measured and corelated with the degree of dryness using Shermer’s test and tear film break up time. RESULTS A statistical significance was observed between the inflammatory component causing dry eyes and the CCT values. CONCLUSIONS There is a significant association between the central corneal thickness and dry eye diseases. KEY WORDS Central Corneal Thickness, Schirmer’s Test, TBUT.
Attenuation of Cardiovascular Responses to Laryngoscopy and Intubation with Lignocaine and Esmolol in Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery
Authors: S. Sreesabari , R.P. Remiya , Sathyan Nithin , M.S. Sajil
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND Direct laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation frequently induce a cardiovascular stress response characterized by hypertension and tachycardia due to reflex sympathetic discharge due to laryngotracheal stimulation which leads to increased plasma nor epinephrine concentration. The response is transient occurring 30 seconds after intubation and lasting for less than 10 minutes. Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation are associated with undesirable haemodynamic response which is of little significance in healthy patients but may be detrimental in patients with systemic diseases like hypertension, ischemic heart disease, stroke, perforated eye injury, increased intracranial tension etc. There is a need to attenuate these haemodynamic changes to decrease the mortality and morbidity. This study is designed to evaluate the attenuation of the haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation with available cost effective drugs (esmolol and lignocaine) which are routinely used. METHODS This was an observational study conducted in the department of anaesthesiology, Travancore Medical College, Kollam among 140 patients in the age group 18 to 65 years posted for elective surgery from October 2017 to September 2018. Patients who received lignocaine or esmolol as intravenous agent prior to the induction of anaesthesia were recommended to group ‘L’ and ‘E’ respectively. Blood pressure and heart rate was recorded prior to laryngoscopy as well as 1 minute, 3minutes, 5 minutes and 10 minutes after laryngoscopy and intubation. Collected data was tabulated and analyzed using appropriate statistical software (SPSS20). RESULTS The rise in heart rate, systolic BP, diastolic BP, and mean arterial pressure were better controlled by esmolol than lignocaine. CONCLUSIONS Intravenous esmolol 1.5mg/kg is found to be more effective in the attenuation of hemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation than intravenous lignocaine 1.5mg/kg. KEY WORDS Laryngoscopy, Intubation, Attenuation, Cardiovascular Response, Lignocaine, Esmolol
Rhinosporidiosis-Retrospective Analysis of Cases Presenting in a Tertiary Medical College Hospital in Ernakulam
Authors: A.N. Sabu
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by the eukaryotic organism, Rhinosporidium seeberi affecting humans and animals. This disease is endemic in several parts of South Asia. The principal purpose of this study was to assess the clinical features of rhinosporidiosis and the demographic profile of the disease in the Ernakulam district. The role of predisposing factors like bathing in ponds, nose-picking habits and the postoperative recurrence rate in the patients were also studied. METHODS This retrospective record-based study was conducted in a tertiary care centre in Ernakulam district of Kerala, India, from January 2014 to June 2016. Clinicopathological profile, demographic data of the patients including their area of residence were retrieved from the records. All patients underwent routine haematological investigation and nasal endoscopy. All rhinosporidial masses were excised and their base cauterised under general anaesthesia, with the aid of endoscope. All patients were given dapsone for 6 months. All cases were followed up for a one-year postoperative period. The retrospective data obtained were entered in Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analysed. RESULTS The patients in the series were between 14 to 60 years of age. There were 12 male and 3 female patients. Most patients came from the urban areas of the Ernakulam district. The main symptoms were nasal obstruction, epistaxis and nasal mass. The nose and nasopharynx were the commonest sites involved. The inferior meatus and floor of the nasal cavity were the common sites of attachment. Most of the nasal masses were pedunculated and multiple. Recurrent cases, which had previously been operated elsewhere formed the majority in the case series. None of the operated cases in the series showed recurrence during one year follow up. Most cases were associated with the O+ blood group. Nasal synechia was the most common sequelae of repeated surgeries. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the endemic nature of this disease in Ernakulam and surrounding districts. The results showed the disease was associated more with the male gender, the young, bathing in stagnant water and the O+ blood group. Most of the cases came from an urban background. The study showed the complications of recurrent surgeries and the need for careful removal of the rhinosporidial masses under general anaesthesia. It also emphasises the need for educating the general public against bathing in contaminated water bodies. KEY WORDS Rhinosporidiosis, Rhinosporidium, Epidemiology, Recurrence, Retrospective Studies
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare - A Revolution to Social Healthcare System
Authors: Chaturvedi Vikas , Sharath Krishnaveni
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND Artificial intelligence (AI) aims to mimic human functions. It is bringing a paradigm shift to healthcare, powered by increasing availability of healthcare data and rapid progress of analytic techniques. In developing countries, the inequality between urban and rural health services is a serious problem, of which the shortage of qualified healthcare providers is the major cause of the unavailability and low quality of healthcare in rural areas. Medical AI technology could improve physicians’ efficiency and quality of medical services, especially in rural set up. The promotion of medical AI technology in rural areas of developing countries might be one means of alleviating the inequality between urban and rural health services. KEYWORDS Artificial Intelligence, Health for all, Social Healthcare.
Celiac Crisis - An Acute Presentation of Celiac Disease in an Elderly Female Patient
Authors: Khamkar Kundan Hanumant , Kale Vikrant Dilip , Rai Sudheer Shankar , Desai Sudha Subhana , Kanchan Shailesh Suryakant
Published: February 2022

Celiac disease is also called as non-tropical sprue, celiac sprue, adult celiac disease and gluten sensitive enteropathy. Environmental, immunologic and genetic factors play an important role in the aetiology.1 Symptoms of celiac disease can manifest at any age throughout adulthood. Symptoms range from significant malabsorption of multiple nutrients with diarrhoea, steatorrhea, weight loss and consequences of nutrient depletion (like anaemia and metabolic bone disease). Atypical celiac disease can present with symptoms not related to intestinal malabsorption like neurologic symptoms. Large number of patients with celiac disease can even be asymptomatic. The gold standard in diagnosis of celiac disease is an abnormal small intestinal biopsy and the response of the condition to the elimination of gluten from the diet. Classic changes seen on duodenal /jejunal biopsy 1. An increase in number of intraepithelial lymphocytes 2. Absence or a reduced height of villi 3. A cuboidal appearance and nuclei that are no longer oriented basally in surface epithelial cells 4. Increased numbers of lymphocytes and plasma cells in lamina propria Serology tests for celiac disease: IgA antiendomysial antibody and tissue transglutaminase TG antibodies which when positive is supportive in diagnosis. Acute presentation of celiac disease with severe metabolic derangement in adults is rare and called as “celiac crisis.” 2 In crisis the patient may present with profuse diarrhoea, severe dehydration and metabolic abnormalities, hypokalaemia, hypoalbuminemia, neurologic symptoms and azotaemia. We describe one such case in an elderly female patient.
Case Report on Giant Epithelial Splenic Cyst
Authors: Vasudevaiah Thulasi , Bhortakay Nayana Priyavadan
Published: February 2022

A 15-year-old female patient came with complaint of pain in the left hypochondriac region from past 2 months, which was dull aching, intermittent, aggravated on taking deep breaths, and relieved at rest. Patient also gave history of early satiety. No history of trauma, vomiting, altered bowel habits, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. The patient denied history of any recent travel. On physical examination, a firm nontender mass of size 20×15 cm was palpated in the left hypochondriac region extending to the epigastric, umbilical and left lumbar region with medial border at 5cm right lateral to the umbilicus and finger insinuation was not possible below the left costal margin. The patient underwent ultrasound abdomen which showed large well defined cystic lesion measuring 20X19X30cm, volume 5000-5700cc occupying the left hypochondrium, lumbar, epigastric and umbilical regions with irregular trabeculated wall and internal echoes within. It was seen causing mass effect in the form of posterior displacement of bilateral kidneys, spleen and inferior displacement of bowel loops. Features were suggestive of probable large mesenteric cyst. Computed tomography (CT) of abdomen and pelvis with oral and intravenous contrast was done which showed a large thin-walled abdominal cystic lesion measuring 19x18x22cm of volume approximately 3500- 4000cc occupying the left hypochondrium, epigastric region, umbilical region, reaching up to the lumbar region. It was seen arising from spleen with thinned out splenic parenchyma along its superior, lateral and inferior aspect (claw sign). Anteriorly it was extending to the anterior abdominal wall and abutting the recti muscles. Mass effect was noted on liver and right kidney with displacement of the organs (Figure 1: a, b).
A Case of Acute Intestinal Obstruction Caused by Remnant Fallopian Tube after Abdominal Hysterectomy
Authors: Karunanithy Sinuvasan , Lakshmikumar Rahul Raj Chennam , Poral Sampathkumar , Manisekaran Marenika
Published: February 2022

Abdominal hysterectomy is one of the common procedures done in India most commonly for dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Bowel obstruction occurs when the normal flow of intraluminal contents is interrupted. It may be caused by the pathology affecting the peristalsis, or mechanical. Bowel obstruction is usually managed with prompt surgical intervention. In this case report, we discuss an unusual presentation of intestinal obstruction which was caused by adhesions around the remnant fallopian tube.
Unusual Cases of Ocular Trauma
Authors: Kapoor Rohan , Batra Nitin
Published: February 2022

Ocular trauma has been described as one of the major aetiologies of monocular and non-congenital visual impairment and blindness in all parts of the world. Eye trauma constitutes 7% of all bodily injuries and 10%–15% of all eye diseases.1 Over 2.4 million eye injuries occur each year in The United States of America.2 Globally, there are approximately 1.6 million people who are blind from eye injuries, 2.3 million are bilaterally visually impaired, and 1.9 million have unilateral visual loss.3,4 Ocular trauma can be classified as closed and open globe injuries. Open globe injuries can be a rupture, penetrating injury, perforating injury or intra ocular foreign body.5 A perforating injury is defined as an injury that consists of two full thickness wounds - one entry and one exit wound.6 It usually occurs due to a projectile object travelling at a high velocity and kinetic energy that is capable of penetrating two opposite coats of the globe. Perforation injuries are common and cause severe visual impairment. Panda et al. presented a profile of ocular trauma in Delhi in which they observed that among the type of injuries, perforating injuries accounted for 75.3%, blunt injuries for 20.5% and extra- ocular for 4.2% of the total number of ocular trauma cases. Further the visual outcome in perforating injuries was > 6/12 in 14 %; 6/18- 6/60 in 14% and less than 6/60 in 55.2% of the cases. 7 Profile of ocular trauma varies with country, geography, industrialisation and development of the place. These injuries do not occur as random events and there is evidence that some individuals are at increased risk because of exposure to hazards and/or inability to avoid or detect hazards.8 Some individuals are at increased risk of eye injury as a result of their occupation. Small scale and large-scale industrial workers constitute a group of individuals at high risk. These workers are exposed to such hazards as flying metal chips, burns in the eye and injury from radiation.9 Ludhiana and neighbouring areas are heavily industrialised mainly, with metalrelated products and therefore, there are more chances of industrial ocular trauma. We are reporting two unusual cases related to ocular trauma. The first one is that of an alleged accidental injury to the right eye with a piece of hack saw blade whereas the second case report is that of a dental student who injured his eye by orthodontic wire which is used for making braces.
A curiosa história da primeira escola a formar um agrimensor no Estado de Santa Catarina
Authors: Cabral Cesar Rogério , Dalri Julia Cucco , Hasenack Markus
Published: February 2022

A história da formação de agrimensores em Santa Catarina e por extensão no Brasil está dispersa em vários arquivos de instituições públicas e privadas, sendo que uma parte significativa está definitivamente perdida. Em Santa Catarina, os agrimensores registrados vinham de escolas de outros estados ou com diplomas validados de outros países, condição que dificulta o resgate de documentação que aponte o primeiro profissional formado em Santa Catarina. As pesquisas indicam que em 1901 surgiu em Florianópolis o Instituto Technico Commercial e Naval, escola com esta finalidade em Santa Catarina, estabelecendo-se a partir desta, outras instituições que então passaram a formar Agrimensores no Estado.
Afro do Amaral Fontoura: a sistematização de saberes aritméticos para os cursos de formação de professores da Guanabara (1960-1974)
Authors: França Denise Medina de Almeida
Published: February 2022

O artigo investiga se o professor Afro do Amaral Fontoura pode ser considerado um expert da matemática escolar em tempos de Escola Nova, bem como os saberes por ele sistematizados no Programa do ensino primário do estado da Guanabara, publicado em 1962. O referencial teórico metodológico utiliza os seguintes conceitos: saberes profissionais, matemática para ensinar, matemática a ensinar e expert. O estudo é norteado pelas questões a seguir: que vestígios nos possibilitam afirmar que Afro do Amaral Fontoura foi um expert para o curso de formação de professores no ensino da matemática, no período de 1950 a 1970, nas séries iniciais, ao propor ideias escolanovistas? Que saberes foram sistematizados e objetivados por Fontoura por meio do Programa de Aritmética do Estado da Guanabara (1961)? Buscando responder a essas indagações, com base em fontes encontradas no Instituto Superior de Educação do Rio de Janeiro, verificamos que Fontoura se enquadra na categoria de expert da educação no Estado da Guanabara, de modo que possibilitou a sistematização de saberes aritméticos abordados por meio de situações da vida prática.
Arquitetura, cultura escolar e as práticas de educação física: a relevância dos pátios em instituições salesianas no início do Século XX
Authors: Lima Diego Ferreira , Gois Junior Edivaldo
Published: February 2022

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a representação do pátio como constituinte do espaço escolar de estabelecimentos educacionais salesianos, em específico, o Colégio Salesiano Santa Rosa e o Liceu Coração de Jesus. Em um recorte temporal pertinente às primeiras décadas do século XX, a pesquisa documental teve como fontes: anuários, livros de registro e fotografias. A análise dos dados permitiu observar que nos pátios salesianos as práticas de educação física estavam muito presentes, e envolvidas em um processo de inter-relação entre diferentes culturas escolares marcadas por pedagogias modernas e um projeto educacional católico.
O romance Canção de ninar e a relação entre as mulheres, a educação e o trabalho
Authors: Barbosa Raquel Lazzari Leite , Silva Mariana Montanhini da
Published: February 2022

Com base na temática feminina abordada no romance francês Canção de Ninar, de Leïla Slimani, esse artigo propõe um estudo sobre a relação entre algumas questões de gênero, educação e trabalho. Em que pese ser uma história situada na atualidade, apoiado na leitura desse livro pode-se permitir abordar aspectos históricos, desde meados do século XIX, período no qual as mulheres foram incorporadas às relações laborais exteriores, para entender como foi forjada a problemática envolvendo gênero, educação e trabalho, que ultrapassa o tempo histórico, e oferecer aspectos, a partir dos quais se pode perceber uma configuração social referente ao papel das mulheres na atuação profissional. Isto posto, o romance Canção de Ninar, torna-se um recurso como móvel de formação e conhecimento da realidade social e histórica.
O romance de formação da professora: contribuições da literatura para pensar a História da Educação
Authors: Amparo Patrícia Aparecida do , Cândido Renata Marcílio , Lima Ana Laura Godinho
Published: February 2022

Este artigo investiga os processos de formação docente descritos em dois livros publicados na primeira metade do século XX, a saber: “O calvário de uma professora”, de Dora Lice, e “Clarissa”, de Érico Veríssimo. Investe-se na leitura desses livros como romances de formação que ao apresentarem as personagens-professoras em diferentes circunstâncias, escolares e não escolares, permitem identificar os complexos processos que constroem suas identidades profissionais. As temáticas relacionadas à escolha profissional das protagonistas, as questões de gênero presentes nos enredos das obras, assim como os usos potenciais das obras literárias para tratar dos temas da história da educação brasileira, incluindo a história da escola, da profissão docente, e os embates entre o método tradicional e as ideias renovadas de ensino constituem eixos articuladores da análise aqui proposta.
Importance of Market Orientation and Product Innovation in Competitive Advantage for Improving Marketing Performance
Authors: Fadila Afifah
Published: February 2022

This study aims to see how the role of product innovation and market orientation by Apple and Samsung companies in achieving competitive advantage to improve marketing performance. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with data sources derived from the opinions of relevant experts or researchers and then reviewed by researchers with a literature review to then draw a conclusion. The results show that Samsung is superior to Apple because Apple only emphasizes iPhone products with a focus on market orientation, while Samsung always innovates and is market-oriented with a variety of products. But both still excel in the world market. So that innovation and market orientation greatly affect the success of their marketing performance.
Niepokoje końca wieku. Sanitarium i rekonwalescencja amerykańskiej tożsamości
Authors: Sitek Wojciech
Published: February 2022

W amerykańskiej kulturze popularnej lat 90. wykształcił się nurt pesymistycznych narracji realizowanych w estetyce sennego koszmaru. Twórcy gier typu Sanitarium przywoływali pamięć historycznych porażek, ale też przestrzegali przed nadciągającą zagładą. W niniejszym artykule gra studia DreamForge Intertainment jest analizowana jako reprezentacja rozpadu amerykańskiej tożsamości. Z jednej strony porusza się w niej temat społecznego kryzysu, który dotknął Stany Zjednoczone u schyłku tysiąclecia. Z drugiej strony w fabule Sanitarium wybrzmiewa wiara w możliwość odnowienia moralnej siły Ameryki.
Kultura nordycka i gotyk jako miejsca wspólne w wirtualnej rzeczywistości. Reprezentacja historycznych stylów na wybranych przykładach komputerowych gier fantasy
Authors: Szymański Michał
Published: February 2022

Celem artykułu jest rozważenie związku gier komputerowych z dziedzictwem kulturowym, które jest świadectwem określonych epok historycznych. Inspiracja dawną architekturą, rzeźbą i malarstwem, o charakterze cytatów czy aluzji, pojawia się w wielu realizacjach, co pozwala mówić o odrębnym zjawisku, które wymaga badań. Spojrzenie na gry z perspektywy historyka sztuki pozwala dostrzec wiele nowych aspektów tworzenia wirtualnych światów przez deweloperów gier. Przykładami są gry fantasy, które szeroko odwołują się do dziedzictwa kulturowego. Tekst przedstawia przykłady kilku produkcji odtwarzających sztukę z danego okresu, skupiając się na repertuarze wybranych tematów. Analizy poprzedza przegląd stanu badań nad zagadnieniem interpretacji historii w grach komputerowych. Natomiast krytyka uproszczeń historycznych w grach sformułowana przez jednego z badaczy stanowi podstawę do dalszej refleksji nad pozytywnymi aspektami interpretacji przeszłości w grach fantasy.
Gra planszowa w komunikacji – problemy definicyjne
Authors: Zielińska-Nowak Kamila
Published: February 2022

Artykuł jest propozycją zdefiniowania gry planszowej. Obejmuje rozważania na temat polisemii pojęcia gry, podobieństw i różnic między grą a zabawą oraz ludycznego aspektu gry. Próba zdefiniowana gry planszowej ma charakter kognitywny oraz uwzględnia refleksje na temat etymologii terminu „gra planszowa” i semantyki wynikającej z jego budowy. Przeprowadzono także ankietę, aby dowiedzieć się, jak sami użytkownicy języka, w tym gracze, postrzegają grę planszową.
Video games as a supportive tool in the therapeutic process
Authors: Granat Marcin Mateusz
Published: February 2022

The objective of this study was to determine the diseases that are on the rise, and then to investigate whether video games can support their treatment. To achieve the goal a search based on scientific literature was conducted. The results led to the conclusion that video games are an effective tool in the rehabilitation of post-stroke patients. Compared to the standard rehabilitation, patients who were playing video games showed improvement of upper limb motor functions, better static balance and lower anxiety of falling. Similarly, statistically significant improvement measured by Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test was observed during the rehabilitation of a pediatric group suffering from cerebral palsy. Video games successfully supported the therapy of other juvenile patients by enhancing visual acuity in cases of children amblyopia as well as lowering anxiety during the induction of anaesthesia. Moreover, the usefulness of video games was observed in treating mental disorders. It involved patients with the post-traumatic stress disorder, who presented reduced flashback frequency, and patients with depression, who showed a lower rumination score along with increasing subjective cognition. Indicating which diseases have an increasing morbidity rate as well as demonstrating positive therapeutic responses to video games can provide useful information for public health practitioners and improve the treatment of selected diseases.
Wizerunek Nikoli Tesli i jego wynalazków w grach cyfrowych
Authors: Kościelniak Jagoda
Published: February 2022

Artykuł ten przybliża sposób przedstawiania Nikoli Tesli w grach cyfrowych, w których serbsko-amerykański wynalazca zyskuje coraz większą popularność. W dwunastu tytułach, w których się pojawia, określone i opisane zostały następujące kategorie jego cech: wygląd, miejsce pobytu, osobowość, rola, umiejętności, wynalazki i relacje z innymi, które razem  składają się na wizerunek genialnego inżyniera.
O grach i graniu oraz ich aspektach w Biblii i w Koranie
Authors: Lapis Włodzimierz
Published: February 2022

W artykule tym przeanalizowano treści związane z grami zawarte w Biblii i w Koranie. W przypadku Biblii zebrany materiał został następnie opisany w oparciu o słowa-klucze: „współzawodnictwo”, „zawody”, „zawodnicy”, „rywale”, „igrać”, a w Koranie – „gra”, „majsir” i „wróżby”. W porównaniu podano, że w Biblii chwali się uczestnictwo w zawodach i porównuje się do nich życie, a w Koranie odżegnuje od gry jako ślepego losu odciągającego od Allaha.
A pesca de iscas-vivas no Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha (PE-Brasil)
Authors: Campos Zeineddine Gabriela , Barrella Walter , Rotundo Matheus , Ramires Milena
Published: February 2022

A pesca artesanal em Fernando de Noronha está diretamente relacionada com a pesca de iscas, pelo fato de os pescadores serem dependentes da mesma para realizar suas capturas de peixes maiores. Este trabalho objetivou caracterizar a pesca de iscas no arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha em relação às espécies de peixes utilizadas como iscas, modo de captura e destino das mesmas. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de questionários semiestruturados com o auxílio da técnica “bola de neve”. Os dados foram analisados qualitativamente e quantitativamente, buscando representar o consenso entre os informantes entrevistados. Foram entrevistados 69 pescadores de iscas, os quais utilizam a sardinha (Harengula clupeola) e o garapau (Decapterus macarellus) como principais espécies-alvo, em pescarias embarcadas ou desembarcadas. A sardinha é a isca mais utilizada, capturada com tarrafa, sendo mantidas vivas em compartimentos modificados nas embarcações conhecidos como “viveiros”, ou em baldes com água no caso de pescadores desembarcados. O garapau é utilizado quando os pescadores não conseguem capturar a sardinha, sendo pescado com linha de mão durante as noites escuras e conservado vivo também em viveiros. Alguns fatores interferem na captura de iscas, como por exemplo, a restrição de áreas o que, segundo os pescadores, pode prejudicar a atividade pesqueira e, consequentemente, a renda dos pescadores e abastecimento das demandas locais. As informações sobre biologia e ecologia das iscas utilizadas são escassas, o que torna imprescindível o desenvolvimento de estudos que possam guiar medidas de manejo para uma gestão efetiva destes recursos.
Cardiomyocyte stromal interaction molecule 1 is a key regulator of Ca2+‐dependent kinase and phosphatase activity in the mouse heart
Authors: Collins Helen E. , Anderson Joshua C. , Wende Adam R. , Chatham John C.
Published: February 2022

Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is a major regulator of store‐operated calcium entry in non‐excitable cells. Recent studies have suggested that STIM1 plays a role in pathological hypertrophy; however, the physiological role of STIM1 in the heart is not well understood. We have shown that mice with a cardiomyocyte deletion of STIM1 (crSTIM1−/−) develop ER stress, mitochondrial, and metabolic abnormalities, and dilated cardiomyopathy. However, the specific signaling pathways and kinases regulated by STIM1 are largely unknown. Therefore, we used a discovery‐based kinomics approach to identify kinases differentially regulated by STIM1. Twelve‐week male control and crSTIM1−/− mice were injected with saline or phenylephrine (PE, 15 mg/kg, s.c, 15 min), and hearts obtained for analysis of the Serine/threonine kinome. Primary analysis was performed using BioNavigator 6.0 (PamGene), using scoring from the Kinexus PhosphoNET database and GeneGo network modeling, and confirmed using standard immunoblotting. Kinomics revealed significantly lower PKG and protein kinase C (PKC) signaling in the hearts of the crSTIM1−/− in comparison to control hearts, confirmed by immunoblotting for the calcium‐dependent PKC isoform PKCα and its downstream target MARCKS. Similar reductions in crSTIM1−/− hearts were found for the kinases: MEK1/2, AMPK, and PDPK1, and in the activity of the Ca2+‐dependent phosphatase, calcineurin. Electrocardiogram analysis also revealed that crSTIM1−/− mice have significantly lower HR and prolonged QT interval. In conclusion, we have shown several calcium‐dependent kinases and phosphatases are regulated by STIM1 in the adult mouse heart. This has important implications in understanding how STIM1 contributes to the regulation of cardiac physiology and pathophysiology.
Classification and occurrence of an abnormal breathing pattern during cardiopulmonary exercise testing in subjects with persistent symptoms following COVID‐19 disease
Authors: von Gruenewaldt Anna , Nylander Eva , Hedman Kristofer
Published: February 2022

Reduced exercise capacity and several limiting symptoms during exercise have been reported following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. From clinical observations, we hypothesized that an abnormal breathing pattern (BrP) during exercise may be common in these patients and related to reduced exercise capacity. We aimed to (a) evaluate a method to classify the BrP as normal/abnormal or borderline in terms of inter‐rater agreement; (b) determine the occurrence of an abnormal BrP in patients with post‐COVID; and (c) compare characteristics of post‐COVID patients with normal and abnormal BrP. In a retrospective, cross‐sectional study of patients referred for CPET due to post‐COVID April 2020–April 2021, we selected subjects without a history of intensive care and with available medical records. Three raters independently categorized patients’ BrP as normal, abnormal, or borderline, using four traditional CPET plots (respiratory exchange ratio, tidal volume over ventilation, ventilatory equivalent for oxygen, and ventilation over time). Out of 20 patients (11 male), 10 were categorized as having a normal, 7 an abnormal, and three a borderline BrP. Inter‐rater agreement was good (Fleiss’ kappa: 0.66 [0.66–0.67]). Subjects with an abnormal BrP had lower peak ventilation, lower exercise capacity, similar ventilatory efficiency and a similar level of dyspnea at peak exercise, as did subjects with a normal BrP. Patients’ BrP was possible to classify with good agreement between observers. A third of patients had an abnormal BrP, associated with lower exercise capacity, which could possibly explain exercise related symptoms in some patients with post‐COVID syndrome.
Variance of the number of cycles of random A-permutation
Authors: Yakymiv Arsen L.
Published: February 2022

We consider random permutations having uniform distribution on the set of all permutations of the n-element set with lengths of cycles belonging to a fixed set A (so-called A-permutations). For some class of sets A the asymptotic formula for the variance of the number of cycles of such permutations is obtained.
Too much of a good thing? Households’ macroeconomic conditions and credit dynamics
Authors: Hodula Martin , Malovaná Simona , Frait Jan
Published: February 2022

Favorable macroeconomic conditions, accompanied by optimistic consumer confidence, can stimulate and shape households’ expectations in such a way that they gradually extrapolate the view of good times lasting “forever”. As a consequence, households can then be inclined to accept a much higher level of indebtedness – higher than they would be willing to take on if they were to correctly perceive a discontinuation of the positive trend in the future. This paper documents the empirical link between the macroeconomic conditions faced by households, the confidence of households as investors and consumers, and households’ demand for credit on a sample of 21 European countries. The well-known procyclicality of household credit is found to grow stronger when favorable macroeconomic conditions are met with optimistic consumer confidence. While household credit goes hand in hand with the improving economy during an economic upturn, it is found to be sticky on the way down. Estimates show that households tend to extrapolate recent and current macroeconomic trends to the future and over-estimate the persistence of favorable or adverse conditions.
Parental leave in medical school: supporting students as parents
Authors: Ortega Sheila R. , Barnes Jacob M. , Waller Jacquelyn D.
Published: February 2022

Context

The overlap between medical school, residency, and childbearing potential increases the likelihood a woman will pursue parenthood within her, or her partner’s, medical training. Parental leave benefits mothers, fathers, and infants. Adequate parental leave promotes physical recovery, mental health, infant bonding, improved breastfeeding, appropriate childhood immunization, and familial engagement. Despite the risks and benefits, the United States does not have national paid maternity, paternity, or parental leave requirements. Complicating matters for medical trainees, parental leave policies are not well-defined within the undergraduate (UME) and graduate medical education (GME) realms. Significant policy advancements are on the horizon for GME; however, medical schools are left without evidence to support policy formation.

Objectives

This study aims to identify the presence and nature of maternal/paternal leave policies and procedures within UME. Given the authors’ close association with osteopathic medical education, only osteopathic medical schools were considered to lay the framework for future study in UME.

Methods

Investigators searched university websites for student handbooks outlining rules and policies surrounding parental leave. The following terms were utilized to investigate these documents: “parental,” “maternity,” “paternity,” “pregnant,” “pregnancy,” and “leave of absence” (LOA). Administrative personnel were contacted, and subjective data were documented. A parental leave policy was defined as explicitly dedicated to expectant parents or those parents planning on adoption. Medical leave or other short- and long-term LOA policies were not considered a parental leave policy.

Results

A total of 42 osteopathic medical schools were identified. Investigators established email communication with 17 schools (40.5%). Neither a student handbook nor email contact could be made with one institution. Two (4.9%) osteopathic medical schools overtly described parental leave in their policies. The majority of schools recommended students seeking parental leave follow short- or long-term LOA policies.

Conclusions

Without protected leave time, students must decide whether to begin a family or delay medical education. As GME begins prioritizing policy change, the authors call on UME to follow suit. Parenthood and medicine must be intertwined.
Dynamic millimeter-wave OAM beam generation through programmable metasurface
Authors: Bai Xudong , Zhang Fuli , Sun Li , Cao Anjie , He Chong , Zhang Jin , Zhu Weiren
Published: February 2022

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) and orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing are two key technologies for modern wireless communications, where significant efforts have been devoted to combining these two technologies for extremely high channel capacities. Recently, programmable metasurfaces have been extensively studied for stimulating dynamic multi-mode OAM beams, owing to their ability of subtle dynamic modulation over electromagnetic waves in a digital manner. However, programmable metasurfaces for mmWave OAM stimulation are rarely mentioned, due to the requirement of extremely high processing precision for mmWave applications. In this paper, a programmable metasurface is presented to stimulate dynamic multi-mode mmWave vortex beams. The proposed metasurface is composed of electronically reconfigurable units, which is obtained through configuration integration of a PIN diode within each radiation patch for modulating the unit resonant property. Both low reflection losses and stabilized inverse phase states are obtained for the binary unit coding states within the operation band. Through modulating the real-time coding distribution on the metasurface by programmable bias circuit, the generation of mmWave OAM beams with mode numbers l = 0, l = +1, l = +2, and l = +3 are numerically designed and experimentally verified. Our study paves a new perspective for the cross amalgamation of both mmWave and multi-mode OAM technologies.
Association of intraoperative gross hematuria with acute kidney injury after cytoreductive surgery
Authors: Mitani Yumi , Arai Yohei , Tomohiro Mitani  , Gohda Yoshimasa , Yano Hideaki , Kondo Isao , Sakamoto Emi , Katagiri Daisuke , Hinoshita Fumihiko
Published: February 2022

Objectives

Cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC) has been established in the management of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Although it is still necessary to take adequate measures against major postoperative complications including acute kidney injury (AKI), consensus is lacking on how to assess and stratify risk for patients with postoperative AKI after CRS-HIPEC. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to investigate the association of intraoperative gross hematuria as a surrogate marker of ureter injury with postoperative AKI incidence.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study investigated patients without impaired preoperative kidney function who underwent CRS-HIPEC at a single referral center, and evaluated the relationship between intraoperative gross hematuria and incidence of postoperative AKI as defined by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes practice guidelines. Logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate the odds ratio of intraoperative gross hematuria for AKI, adjusting for confounding factors and other risk factors for AKI.

Results

We enrolled 185 patients (males, 37%). Twenty-five patients developed intraoperative gross hematuria. Postoperative AKI occurred in 10 (40%) of 25 patients with hematuria and 28 (17.5%) of 160 patients without hematuria. The crude odds ratio for exposure to hematuria was 3.14 (95% confidence interval, 1.30–7.60; p=0.020) for postoperative AKI. Adjusted odds ratio as estimated by multivariate logistic regression was 4.57 (95% confidence interval, 1.55–13.45; p=0.006).

Conclusions

Intraoperative gross hematuria is significantly associated with postoperative AKI incidence after CRS-HIPEC.
Synthetic drives for useful drug molecules through organocatalytic methods
Authors: Krishna Banik Bimal , Sahoo Biswa Mohan , Tiwari Abhishek , Tiwari Varsha , Jain Adya , Borah Preetismita
Published: February 2022

The treatment of various pathological conditions in human beings involves the use of safe and efficacious drug substances. But there are different complications associated with the treatment of various disease states including drug resistance, adverse drug reactions, toxicity, etc. To minimize these problems, there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutics with suitable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. So, the organocatalytic methods are emerged as a potential synthetic tool to accelerate the design of new drug candidates with improved physicochemical and pharmacological properties, selectivity, and efficiency for the treatment of life-threatening diseases. Organocatalytic reactions refer to the chemical reaction that is accelerated by organic catalysts instead of using organometallic catalysts. Organocatalysts are more advantageous in comparison to metallic catalysts because organocatalysts are cost-effective, stable, efficient, non-toxic, readily available, and easy to handle. In addition to this, the organocatalysis method involves an eco-friendly reaction by minimizing the formation of by-products and reducing the chemical hazards. Organocatalysts are categorized into four classes such as Lewis acids, Lewis bases, Bronsted acids, and Bronsted bases. These catalysts are generally involved in various reactions mechanisms such as Aldol reaction, Diels–Alder reactions, Michael Addition and Knoevenagal reactions, etc. The utility of organocatalyst in synthetic chemistry results in the development of medicinally active compounds with diverse structural features.
Transfer matrices and solution of the problem of stochastic dynamics of aerosol clusters by Monte Carlo method
Authors: Cheremisin Alexander A.
Published: February 2022

A Monte Carlo algorithm based on the use of transfer matrices is developed to describe the stochastic dynamics of the rotational--translational motion of aerosol clusters taking into account fluctuations in the molecular fluxes of the gas medium. In the general case, the cluster is immersed into a rarefied gas medium, the temperatures of its surfaces may differ from the temperature of the surrounding gas, for example, due to absorption of visible and infrared radiation. The motion of the cluster is described based on Langevin motion equations. The algorithm allows one to calculate parameters of the probability distribution of a six-dimensional vector consisting of components of the momentum and angular momentum vectors transmitted to the cluster by molecular flows. The numerical method allows one to apply preliminary analytical averaging modulo velocities of molecules for both the average values of the components of momentum and angular momentum and their correlation characteristics, which significantly reduces the calculation time.
Model reduction in Smoluchowski-type equations
Authors: Timokhin Ivan V. , Matveev Sergey A. , Tyrtyshnikov Eugene E. , Smirnov Alexander P.
Published: February 2022

In the present paper we utilize the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) method for model order reduction in application to Smoluchowski aggregation equations with source and sink terms. In particular, we show in practice that there exists a low-dimensional space allowing to approximate the solutions of aggregation equations. We also demonstrate that it is possible to model the aggregation process with the complexity depending only on dimension of such a space but not on the original problem size. In addition, we propose a method for reconstruction of the necessary space without solving of the full evolutionary problem, which can lead to significant acceleration of computations, examples of which are also presented.
Enacted category claims and tacit orientations to older identities in the telling of a sexually-explicit anecdote
Authors: Heinrichsmeier Rachel
Published: February 2022

This paper examines the identities – older and other – being claimed and attributed through the telling of a sexually-explicit anecdote by an older female client in a hair salon. I draw on the methods of conversation analysis and membership categorization analysis to analyse both the anecdote itself and the longer (3 min) sequence of which it was a part. I show that in telling this rather improper anecdote the client was able to enact membership of a just-become-valued category in a sequential environment where asserting membership of that category, as done by two of her co-participants, was illegitimate for her on the basis of age. I also argue that in choosing to tell an anecdote at this point rather than assert membership she orientated to that very illegitimacy, and thereby to her own older identity. The analysis and the subsequent discussion highlight the way orientations to ageing and other identities may be displayed less through the semantic surface of talk, than in the sequential structures and interactional practices of the unfolding encounter. As such this paper contributes both to membership categorization analytic research and to the burgeoning corpora of studies loosely categorisable as ‘discursive gerontology’.
Comparison of canal transportation and centering ability of three different endodontic rotary systems (an invitro study).
Authors:   College of Dentistry-Hawler Medical University, Kadir Shakhawan
Published: February 2022

Background and objectives: one of the most important steps for root canal treatment is biomechanical preparation, which is the key stage of endodontic treatment with a predictive success factor if performed properly to prevent canal transportation. The aim of the present study is to compare the canal transportation and centering ability of Rotary ProTaper next, two Shape and Pro Taper gold systems in simulated root canals to find better instrumentation technique for maintaining root canal geometry. Methods: Thirty simulated curved canals of 35° curvature manufactured in clear resin blocks were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n = 10) according to the system used for canal instrumentation: ProTaper next, two Shape and Pro Taper gold systems groups, Centering ability was evaluated; Pre‐and postoperative images of the canals were taken at a stan‐ dardized position by a digital camera with a resolution of 25 mega pixel. An assessment of the shape of the canal was determined using Microsoft office Visio program version 11. Results: The result showed that Protaper Gold produce less transportation and remained better center in the canal than ProTaper Next and 2 shape. The difference in transportation between the ProTaper Gold and ProTaper Next systems was not statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) while between ProTaper Gold and 2 shape and between ProTaper Next and 2 shape were significant differences (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Protaper Gold produce less transportation of the canal than ProTaper Next and 2 shape.