bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trends in degenerative lumbar spinal surgery during the early COVID-19 pandemic in Republic of Korea: A national study utilizing the national health insurance database
Authors: Yuh Woon Tak , Kim Jinhee , Kim Mi-Sook , Kim Jun-Hoe , Kim Young Rak , Kim Sum , Chung Chun Kee , Lee Chang-Hyun , Park Sung Bae , Kim Kyoung-Tae , Rhee John M. , Ko Young San , Kim Chi Heon
Published: June 2024

During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Republic of Korea (ROK) experienced three epidemic waves in February, August, and November 2020. These waves, combined with the overarching pandemic, significantly influenced trends in spinal surgery. This study aimed to investigate the trends in degenerative lumbar spinal surgery in ROK during the early COVID-19 pandemic, especially in relation to specific epidemic waves. Using the National Health Information Database in ROK, we identified all patients who underwent surgery for degenerative lumbar spinal diseases between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2020. A joinpoint regression was used to assess temporal trends in spinal surgeries over the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The number of surgeries decreased following the first and second epidemic waves (p<0.01 and p = 0.34, respectively), but these were offset by compensatory increases later on (p<0.01 and p = 0.05, respectively). However, the third epidemic wave did not lead to a decrease in surgical volume, and the total number of surgeries remained comparable to the period before the pandemic. When compared to the pre-COVID-19 period, average LOH was reduced by 1 day during the COVID-19 period (p<0.01), while mean hospital costs increased significantly from 3,511 to 4,061 USD (p<0.01). Additionally, the transfer rate and the 30-day readmission rate significantly decreased (both p<0.01), while the reoperation rate remained stable (p = 0.36). Despite the impact of epidemic waves on monthly surgery numbers, a subsequent compensatory increase was observed, indicating that surgical care has adapted to the challenges of the pandemic. This adaptability, along with the stable total number of operations, highlights the potential for healthcare systems to continue elective spine surgery during public health crises with strategic resource allocation and patient triage. Policies should ensure that surgeries for degenerative spinal diseases, particularly those not requiring urgent care but crucial for patient quality of life, are not unnecessarily halted.
Integrating wind disturbances into forest planning: a stochastic programming approach
Authors:   Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Ås, Norway, Eyvindson Kyle ,   Natural Resource Institute Finland (Luke), Bioeconomy and Environment, Laatokartanonkaari 9, 00790 Helsinki, Finland, Kangas Annika , Nahorna Olha , Hunault-Fontbonne Juliette , Potterf Maria
Published: June 2024

Forest disturbances challenge our ability to carefully plan for sustainable use of forest resources. As forest disturbances are stochastic, we cannot plan for the disturbance at any specific time or location. However, we can prepare for the possibility of a disturbance by integrating its potential intensity range and frequency when developing forest management plans. This study uses stochastic programming to integrate wind intensity (wind speed) and wind event frequency (number of occurrences) into the forest planning process on a small coastal Finnish forest landscape. We used a mechanistic model to quantify the critical wind speed for tree felling, with a Monte Carlo approach to include wind damage and salvage logging into forest management alternatives. We apply a stochastic programming model to explore two objectives: maximizing the expected forest net present value or maximizing the even-flow of income. To assess the effects of improper wind risk assumptions in planning, we compare the results when optimizing for correct versus incorrect wind intensity and frequency assumptions. When maximizing for net present value, the impacts of misidentifying wind intensity and frequency are minor, likely due to harvests planned immediately as trees reach maturity. For the case when maximizing even-flow of income, incorrectly identifying wind intensity and frequency severely impacts the ability to meet the required harvest targets and reduces the expected net present value. The specific utility of risk mitigation therefore depends on the planning problem. Overall, we show that incorporating wind disturbances into forest planning can inform forest owners about how they can manage wind risk based on their specific risk preferences.
Hogy kötőszós inszubordinált mellékmondatok korpuszalapú elemzése
Authors: Dér Csilla Ilona , Sass Bálint
Published: June 2024

A vizsgálat a hogy kötőszós függetlenedett mellékmondatok minél nagyobb számban történő kinyerésére irányult az MNSz2 teljes korpuszán. Mivel ezek a mondatok ritkaságuk miatt általános lekérdezésekből kapott találati mintákban kevéssé adatolhatók, és rengeteg manuális munkát igényel a kinyerésük, a korábbi kutatások során feltárt jellemzők mentén (pl. rövidség, nagy kezdőbetűs a kötőszó, jellemzően vannak névmások a mondatban, egyes típusokban a záró írásjel felkiáltójel) szűkítettük a CQL lekérdezéseket (a kötőszóval együtt összesen hat szónyi, írásjelre végződő egységeket kértünk le). A pontosabb lekérdezés jelentősen hatékonyabbnak bizonyult a korábbiakhoz képest, és ennek köszönhetően számos információt nyertünk a magyar hogy kötőszós inszubordinált mellékmondatok tulajdonságairól és gyakorisági viszonyairól. A mind szintaktikailag, mind pragmatikailag egyedülálló típus jellemző írásjele a felkiáltójel, a kívánság altípusban a feltételes mód, az értékelő altípusban pedig a kötőszót követő nem személyes névmás a tipikus mintázat. Lehetségessé vált a csak szintaktikailag független elaboratív mellékmondatok kategóriákba sorolása (echókérdések, nem echókérdések, a nyelvi tevékenységre irányuló metapragmatikai, valamint idéző független mellékmondatok), és a köztük lévő átmenetek regisztrálása is.
Osteoarthritis in Older Adults: Is More Emphasis on Managing and Mitigating its Stressful Ramifications, and Enhancing Coping, and Self Efficacy Cognitions Indicated?
Authors: Marks Ray
Published: June 2024

Efforts to mitigate or prevent painful disabling osteoarthritis have been pursued for more than a century with limited success. This current overview briefly summarizes how selected beliefs and behaviors, including coping and stress management approaches are potential mediators or moderators of osteoarthritis pain and its overall common adverse prognosis and outcome. Published data housed predominantly in PUBMED, PUBMED CENTRAL, SCIENCE DIRECT, and GOOGLE SCHOLAR sites and pertaining to selected aspects of the literature of current interest, cumulative results reported as of May 30, 2024, show a modest to strong rationale exists for considering the abovementioned factors in efforts to reduce pain and enable daily functions. Accordingly this line of research should be continued, and translated clinically without undue delay, especially in the face of increases in the aging population and osteoarthritis prevalence and undue suffering.
‘An intellectual environment of ambition’: exploring questions of independence with film(-making) education in conversation with Ben Gibson
Authors: Nunn Chris , Gibson Ben
Published: June 2024

This article presents an interview with Ben Gibson, former distributor, programmer, film journalist and producer, who went on to run the London Film School from 2000 to 2014. In this interview, Gibson deconstructs what is meant by the term ‘independent film-making’ in an educational context. Drawing on his wealth of experience in a variety of contexts, Gibson takes apart current notions that dominate in contemporary educational and industrial discourses, surprisingly arriving at a conclusion which could lead emerging film-makers and their supporters towards a notion of independence after all.
Editorial
Authors: Came Daniel , Sławkowski-Rode Mikołaj
Published: June 2024

Questions concerning death and the afterlife are amongst the most perennial in philosophy and theology. Traditionally, the afterlife was the answer that many religions offered in response to the mystery with which death presents us. This answer has metaphysical, anthropological, and ethical implications in that it appeals to a transcendent justification to ground our understanding of human nature, the concepts of justice and moral obligation, as well as more general propositions pertaining to the nature of reality. In recent years, with the advances in science, which have helped us to better understand the processes surrounding death and the developments in our thinking about personal identity, which have influenced how we construe the possibility of an afterlife, the more traditional conceptions of what we might expect after death have come under pressure.
Optimizing Emotional Insight through Unimodal and Multimodal Long Short-term Memory Models
Authors: Ibrahim Hemin F. , Loo Chu K. , Geda Shreeyash Y. , Abdulbasit K. Al-Talabani
Published: June 2024

The field of multimodal emotion recognition is increasingly gaining popularity as a research area. It involves analyzing human emotions across multiple modalities, such as acoustic, visual, and language. Emotion recognition is more effective as a multimodal learning task than relying on a single modality. In this paper, we present an unimodal and multimodal long short-term memory model with a class weight parameter technique for emotion recognition on the CMU-Multimodal Opinion Sentiment and Emotion Intensity dataset. In addition, a critical challenge lies in selecting the most effective fusion method for integrating multiple modalities. To address this, we applied four different fusion techniques: Early fusion, late fusion, deep fusion, and tensor fusion. These fusion methods improved the performance of multimodal emotion recognition compared to unimodal approaches. With the highly imbalanced number of samples per emotion class in the MOSEI dataset, adding a class weight parameter technique leads our model to outperform the state of the art on all three modalities — acoustic, visual, and language — as well as on all the fusion models. The challenges of class imbalance, which can lead to biased model performance, and using an effective fusion method for integrating multiple modalities often result in decreased accuracy in recognizing less frequent emotion classes. Our proposed model shows 2–3% performance improvement in the unimodal and 2% in the multimodal over the state-of-the-art achieved results.
Different drying methods alter the quality parameters of ethnobotanically important Curcuma caesia Roxb. rhizomes
Authors: Bharali Pritimani , Bhattacharyya Nabanita
Published: June 2024

Curcuma caesia Roxb. of the Zingiberaceae family, is an ethnobotanically important rhizomatous perennial herb and is commonly known as “Black turmeric”. Like in other species of Curcuma, the pharmacologically important polyphenol curcumin is also found in C. caesia. In traditional medicine, C. caesia has been used to treat piles, leprosy, asthma, cancer, diabetes, fertility, toothache, vomiting, allergies, etc. Drying is considered the simplest and most cost-effective means of preserving raw plant materials, safeguarding the integrity of nearly all biologically active substances. Medicinal plant materials are primarily utilized in their dried forms in pharmaceutical industries. However, it has been observed that there is a lack of comprehensive information on the effects of different drying methods on quality parameters, and other pharmaceutically important aspects of C. caesia. Hence, here, we investigated the impact of various drying methods, such as direct sunlight exposure, solar drying, shade drying, and conventional oven drying with or without previous boiling, on the quality parameters of C. caesia rhizome, such as moisture, ash, and curcumin content. The results suggest that oven drying at 100 ?C, despite possessing favorable criteria for drug designing like the smallest particle sizes and the lowest moisture content, did not restore the maximum level of ash, curcumin, and essential mineral elements. Nevertheless, boiling in the range of 60 ?C – 80 ?C for 30 minutes before drying restores the pharmaceutically important qualities more favorably. The results of this study will help to formulate better treatment for restoring the market-preferable optimum quality of C. caesia.
Serpulidae from the Albian–Cenomanian (Cretaceous) of Mexico
Authors: Vinn Olev , Espinosa Catalina Gómez , Bahena Daniel Aviléz , García Fatima L. Campos , Talavera-Mendoza Oscar
Published: June 2024

Two serpulid species, Protula? antiquata? and Propomatoceros? sp., are recorded from the Morelos Formation (mid-Cretaceous) in Mexico. Serpulid tube structure is microcrystalline; the examined tubes are slightly diagenetically altered, but growth layers are well preserved. The short, straight growth layers with slightly curved distal ends in Protula? antiquata? occur also in some other serpulids such as the genus Josephella. The Mexican serpulid tubes are of a calcitic composition. The diversity of the present serpulid association is low for shallow tropical seas of the Cretaceous in comparison to rich assemblages recorded from Europe. The low diversity presumably results from some local environmental conditions such as rapid sedimentation and low nutrient content of sea water.
Assessment of long-term stored specimens in the Siriraj Hospital colorectal cancer biobank for RNA sequencing and profiling
Authors: Suwatthanarak Thanawat , Acharayothin Onchira , Thanormjit Kullanist , Chaiboonchoe Amphun , Suwatthanarak Tharathorn , Niyomchan Apichaya , Pithukpakorn Manop , Tanjak Pariyada , Chinswangwatanakul Vitoon
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Biobanks play an important role in advancing cancer research, yet concerns persist regarding the molecular integrity of long-term stored samples. This study assessed fresh frozen (FF) tissues and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues from the Siriraj Hospital colorectal cancer (CRC) biobank collected during two distinct periods (2011–2012 and 2020–2021).

Methods

In 2022, FF and FFPE primary cancer tissues from 75 CRC patients were evaluated. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analyzed comprehensive gene expression profiles in FF tissues preserved at −80 °C, while nCounter profiling elucidated cancer-specific RNA transcripts in FFPE tissues stored at ambient temperature. Comparative analyses were conducted between specimens from 2011 to 2012 and 2020–2021.

Results

The FF tissues stored for approximately 10.5 years were well-suited for RNA-Seq compared to the intact tissues preserved for 1.5 years. Despite consistencies in RNA quantity, RNA integrity, amount of sequencing reads, and CRC gene signature, gene enrichment analysis revealed the decreased ribosome biogenesis, spliceosome and antifolate resistance pathways in the 2011–2012 group. Moreover, the FFPE tissues also showed no alteration in RNA quantity between the two periods, and the nCounter profiling demonstrated comparable CRC-specific gene counts in spite of the significant reduction of raw counts in the 2011–2012 group.

Conclusions

We report that FF tissues from CRC patients, stored for 10 years, are viable for whole transcriptome RNA-Seq, despite altered pathways such as ribosome biogenesis, spliceosome, and antifolate resistance. Moreover, 10-year-stored FFPE CRC tissues remain suitable for specific RNA profiling using the nCounter pan-cancer panel, despite a significant reduction in raw counts. These findings underscore the enduring contribution of biobanks to molecular research, highlighting their value a decade post-collection.
Identifying critical success factors and risks in the academic course development process through the application of project management methodology
Authors:   University of Lodz, Poland, Bieńkowska Jolanta
Published: June 2024

Improving the educational process through evaluation requires adopting new concepts and approaches. In addition to the traditional methodologies applied in this field, such as observation or surveys, business methods are increasingly being implemented, including the Deming cycle or selected elements of project management methodologies. Their application allows for a holistic and unbiased view of the quality of teaching and learning. This article aims to illustrate and evaluate the usefulness of project management methodologies in identifying Critical Success Factors (CSFs) and risks in creating and evaluating academic courses. The subject of the research was the course “Creativity and Decision-making”, and the main method of the research, which was conducted in four cycles from 2020 to 2023, was the Deming cycle (PDCA). Data collection was based on data triangulation, including unstructured interviews with students and experts, as well as participant observation. Content analysis with a categorisation key was used to analyse the data, with the results presenting lists of extracted critical success and risk factors determining the quality of the course. The implemented procedure represents an innovative approach to the evaluation of academic courses, at the core of which is the creation and updating of two substantively opposing lists: the determinants of learning successes and failures constituting of a map of strategic control points, and a basis for the improvement of the educational process.
Teaching in a time of pandemic: The case of the EMET Program at Pennsylvania State University - Fayette
Authors:   The Pennsylvania State University, USA, Gapinski Andrzej J.
Published: June 2024

The author shares his experiences of university teaching during the time of restrictions imposed on teaching and learning modes due to a pandemic. The relative scarcity of literature analyzing the response in the fields of science and engineering to the pandemic served as motivation. After providing general background information about the pandemic’s impact on educational systems worldwide, the article provides qualitative research with a narrative model for a case study of an engineering program at an American university. The analyzed case concerns the teaching and learning methodologies implemented in an electro-mechanical engineering technology bachelor’s degree program at Pennsylvania State University – the Fayette campus in the academic years 2020-22. Pennsylvania State University’s chosen teaching modes in the time of the pandemic to be used by instructors provide an example of adaptability of a higher education institution to the changing teaching and learning circumstances. The pedagogical approach to preparing, delivering, and assessment of learning effectiveness in engineering courses with a laboratory component is described. The article also shows how to use the learning management system, Canvas, with its analytical utility tool, to improve effectiveness and responsiveness of the teaching and learning process. The shortcomings and unexpected benefits of learning online pedagogy are shared and discussed. To assess the students’ perception and the study mode and their preferences in this regard, an anonymous, closed-ended, nominal-polytomous questionnaire was conducted, and its findings are analyzed. Further, to compare the students’ preferences as regards study modes depending on the academic discipline, engineering students were contrasted with students studying business as their major. The surveys also provide answers to trends in the longer term in students’ expectations for delivery of programs by higher education institutions.
2-DEOXYGLUCOSE PROMOTES ANTI-INFLAMMATORY POLARIZATION OF PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES IN MICE WITH LEWIS LUNG CARCINOMA
Authors:   R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Stepanov Yu.V. , Yakshibaeva Yu.R. ,   R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kolesnik D.L. ,   R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Solyanik G.I. ,   R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: June 2024

Summary. Aim: to investigate the effect of 2-deoxyglucose at a wide range of concentrations on the polarization of peritoneal macrophages of intact mice and mice with Lewis lung carcinoma. Object and methods: peritoneal macrophages obtained from intact female C57BL/6 mice and Lewis lung carcinoma-bearing mice. isolation of peritoneal macrophages, determination of nitric oxide production and arginase activity. Results: 2-deoxyglucose does not affect nitric oxide production and arginase activity of peritoneal macrophages of intact mice. 2-deoxyglucose at a concentration of 10 mM significantly (by 17%, p<0.05) increases arginase activity in peritoneal macrophages of mice with Lewis lung carcinoma. Conclusions: It was revealed that peritoneal macrophages in mice with Lewis lung carcinoma have a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype. The addition of 2-deoxyglucose at a concentration of 10 mM to the incubation medium of peritoneal macrophages obtained from mice with Lewis lung carcinoma promotes a switch in macrophage polarization to the M2 phenotype.
Performance of ChatGPT and Google Translate for Pediatric Discharge Instruction Translation
Authors: Brewster Ryan C.L. , Gonzalez Priscilla , Khazanchi Rohan , Butler Alex , Selcer Raquel , Chu Derrick , Aires Barbara Pontes , Luercio Marcella , Hron Jonathan D.
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Patients who speak languages other than English face barriers to equitable healthcare delivery. Machine translation systems, including emerging large language models, have the potential to expand access to translation services, but their merits and limitations in clinical practice remain poorly defined. We aimed to assess the performance of Google Translate and ChatGPT for multilingual translation of pediatric discharge instructions.

METHODS

Twenty standardized discharge instructions for pediatric conditions were translated into Spanish, Brazilian Portuguese, and Haitian Creole by professional translation services, Google Translate and ChatGPT-4.0, and evaluated for adequacy (preserved information), fluency (grammatical correctness), meaning (preserved connotation), and severity (clinical harm), along with assessment of overall preference. Domain-level ratings and preferred translation source were summarized with descriptive statistics and compared with professional translations.

RESULTS

Google Translate and ChatGPT demonstrated similar domain-level ratings to professional translations for Spanish and Portuguese. For Haitian Creole, compared with both Google Translate and ChatGPT, professional translations demonstrated significantly greater adequacy, fluency meaning, and severity scores. ChatGPT (33.3%, P < .001) and Google Translate (23.3%, P = .024) contained more potentially clinically significant errors (severity score ≤3) for Haitian Creole than professional translations (8.3%). Professional Haitian Creole (48.3%) and Portuguese (43.3%), but not Spanish (15%), translations were most frequently preferred among translation sources.

CONCLUSIONS

Machine translation platforms have comparable performance to professional translations for Spanish and Portuguese but shortcomings in quality, accuracy, and preference persist for Haitian Creole. Diverse multilingual training data are needed, along with regulations ensuring safe and equitable applications of machine translation in clinical practice.
Managed Wetlands for Climate Action: Potential Greenhouse Gas and Subsidence Mitigation in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta
Authors:   San Francisco Estuary Institute - Aquatic Science Center, Vaughn Lydia , Deverel Steven ,   HydroFocus, Inc., Panlasigui Stephanie ,   San Francisco Estuary Institute - Aquatic Science Center, Drexler Judith ,   US Geological Survey, Olds Marc ,   HydroFocus, Inc., Díaz José ,   HydroFocus, Inc., Harris Kendall ,   San Francisco Estuary Institute - Aquatic Science Center, Morris James ,   University of South Carolina, Grenier J. Letitia ,   San Francisco Estuary Institute - Aquatic Science Center, Robinson April ,   San Francisco Estuary Institute - Aquatic Science Center, Ball Donna ,   San Francisco Estuary Institute - Aquatic Science Center
Published: June 2024

In the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta (Delta), widespread drainage of historical wetlands has led to extensive subsidence and peat carbon losses, as well as high ongoing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Large-scale wetland restoration and conversion to rice fields has the potential to mitigate these effects while conferring flood protection and creating habitat for wetland species. To explore the scale of these potential benefits, this study evaluated the effects of seven Delta-wide land-use scenarios on carbon stocks, land-surface elevation, GHG emissions, and habitat. Peat mapping and data from peat cores indicate that soil carbon stocks have decreased between the early 1800s and 2010s from 288 ± 15 to 145 ± 14 million metric tons (megatonnes; Mt) of carbon (C). If existing land uses continue, the Delta could lose an additional 8.3 Mt C during the coming 40 years, equal to average GHG emissions of 1.2 Mt CO2 equivalents (CO2e) yr-1. Future restoration and rice-farming scenarios indicate that wetland restoration could theoretically halt GHG emissions, converting the Delta from a large GHG source to a weak net source or sink. Across three future scenarios based on existing restoration targets, wetland creation and conversion to rice fields reduced GHG emissions by 0.39 to 0.67 Mt CO2e yr-1, with per-area benefits of 16 to 28 metric tons (tonnes; t) CO2e per hectare (ha) yr-1. Differences among scenarios in extents of wetland types influenced their relative benefits for different management goals. Tidal restoration and conversion to rice fields enhanced habitat benefits and offered a source of agricultural income, but with reduced GHG mitigation compared with conversion to peat-building wetlands. This highlights the importance of clear objectives when developing land-use plans. A strategic land-management portfolio that includes rice fields and both impounded and tidal wetlands could be designed to provide GHG and subsidence mitigation while offering a diverse suite of benefits for ecosystems and people.
Explicitation & implicitation revisited: Towards a more defined cognitive relevance-theoretic model
Authors: Kotait Radwa Mohammad Mohammad
Published: June 2024

Explicitationmight be the most discussed phenomenon in Translation Studies history, and yet the most elusive of them all. This study aims to contribute to the literature on the cognitive relevance-theoretic approach to explicitation and implicitation, adopting the view that translation is a type of pragmatically communicative and interpretive act. First, the study presents a brief critical overview of selected existing accounts of explicitation and implicitation to show how the definitions are riddled with circularity and the classifications with lack of conformity. Second, it addresses the existing relevance-theoretic models in an attempt to reconcile their classifications in a unified, applicable relevance-theoretic model of analysis. It puts to good use the fuller account of the range of pragmatic processes widely discussed in Relevance Theory; namely, disambiguation, reference assignment, free enrichment, higher-level explicature and ad hoc concept. The corpus of the study is selected articles fromNature, as representative of scientific and technical discourse, in English and their translations into Arabic as published in the Arabic edition ofNature. The study leans upon Gutt's Optimal Relevance theory and Pym's Risk Management hypothesis to explain the outcomes of the analysis.
Az elérhető gyógyulás küszöbén: innovációk a myeloma multiplex kezelésében
Authors: Tóth Tünde , Alizadeh Hussain
Published: June 2024

A myeloma multiplex diagnosztikája és kezelése terén jelentős előrelépések
történtek az elmúlt évek során. Az immunmoduláns ágensek, a proteaszómagátlók és
a nagy dózisú melfalánnal való kondicionálást követő autológ haemopoeticus
őssejt-transzplantáció bevezetése lehetővé tette a mélyebb terápiás válasz és a
hosszabb távú túlélés elérését. Ennek ellenére a szakirodalom továbbra is a
betegség gyógyíthatatlanságát hangsúlyozza, mivel a remissziók és a relapsusok
váltakozása továbbra is meghatározza a kórkép lefolyását. A myeloma multiplex
esetében a definitív gyógyuláshoz elengedhetetlen a gyógyszer-rezisztencia
leküzdése és a tartós válasz biztosítása. Ennek eléréséhez új terápiás
stratégiák kidolgozására és érzékenyebb diagnosztikus eszköztárra van szükség.
Közleményünk célja a jelenleg alkalmazott kezelési irányelvek áttekintése
mellett az új diagnosztikus eljárások és a klinikai vizsgálatokban szereplő
terápiás stratégiák összefoglalása, melyek javíthatják a betegek életminőségét
és túlélési esélyeit. A modern diagnosztikus módszerek lehetővé teszik a
betegség korai felismerését, a személyre szabott, biológiai alapú kezelések
bevezetését és a válaszadaptált terápia alkalmazását. Továbbá az immunterápiás
stratégiák korábbi kezelési vonalakba való beépülése a jövőben megkérdőjelezheti
a betegség gyógyíthatatlanságáról kialakított elképzeléseket. Orv Hetil. 2024;
165(23): 891–899.
A gyermekkori törések rögzítése percutan Kirschner-drótos tűzéssel: epi- vagy subcutan hagyjuk a drótot?
Authors: Fadgyas Balázs , Bátyi Fanni Gyöngyi , Kovács Júlia Petronella
Published: June 2024

Bevezetés: Bizonyos gyermekkori törések minimálisan invazív
műtéti megoldása a percutan Kirschner-drótos tűzés. Előnye, hogy kis
műszerezettséget igényel, a drót eltávolítása egyszerű. Hátránya, hogy külső
rögzítőt is igényel (gipsz, alumíniumsín). Célkitűzés: A
dolgozat célja volt annak vizsgálata, hogy az epicutan (bőrfelszín felett)
hagyott tűződrótok esetén alakul-e ki több szeptikus szövődmény, rövidebb-e az
összes kórházi tartózkodás, fémkivételkor kisebb-e a narkózisok száma, mint
subcutan hagyott drótok esetén. Módszer: A Heim Pál Országos
Gyermekgyógyászati Intézetben 2017 és 2021 között megfigyelésen alapuló
retrospektív kohorszvizsgálat történt. Beválogatási kritérium volt a 0–18 éves
életkor, minden zárt, fedetten reponált törés, amelyet percutan tűzéssel
rögzítettek. Kizárásra kerültek azok a betegek, akiknek egyidejűleg több műtéti
ellátást igénylő vagy nyílt törésük volt, ahol többféle műtéti technika egyidejű
alkalmazása történt, a nyílt repozíciók, ha frakcionáltan történt a
dróteltávolítás, illetve ha hiányos volt a dokumentáció, vagy a beteg kezelése
más intézetben indult/zárult. A betegek csoportosítása a drótok helyzete alapján
történt (a drót bőrhöz való viszonya alapján epi- vagy subcutan). A vizsgált
paraméterek közé tartozott a fémkivételnél alkalmazott érzéstelenítési mód, a
kumulatív kórházi tartózkodás ideje, a szeptikus szövődmények aránya.
Statisztikai analízisre a khi2-tesztet és a kétmintás
t-próbát alkalmaztuk. Eredmények: A
vizsgálatba 427 gyermeket vontunk be, átlagéletkoruk 10 (min.: 1, max.: 17) év
volt. A drótok 138/427 esetben subcutan, 289/427 esetben epicutan helyzetűek
voltak. Subcutan drótok esetén a kumulatív kórházi ápolási napok száma átlagosan
3,44 nap, epicutan esetben 1,92 nap volt (p = 0,0158). Narkózisra fémeltávolítás
esetén subcutan drótoknál 33/138, epicutan drótoknál 19/289 esetben volt szükség
(p<0,0001). Szeptikus szövődmény subcutan drótoknál 6/138, epicutan esetben
16/289 fordult elő (p = 0,6). Megbeszélés: Az epicutan drótok
esetén rövidebb a kórházi tartózkodási idő, ritkábban van szükség narkózisra
fémeltávolításkor, nincs több szeptikus szövődmény annak ellenére, hogy a bőrön
kívül helyezkednek el. Következtetés: Az epicutan hagyott
drótok alkalmazása előnyösnek tűnik: ritkábban igényel narkózist az
eltávolításuk, így az összes kórházi ápolási nap száma alacsonyabb. Orv Hetil.
2024; 165(23): 908–912.
A JAK2 szomatikus génmutáció lehetséges betegségmódosító hatása a cardiovascularis kórképek kialakulásában
Authors: Magyar Eszter , Újfalusi Anikó , Czenke Marianna , Méhes Gábor
Published: June 2024

A JAK-kináz működése egyes, sejtfelszíni receptorokhoz kötött jelátviteli
útvonalak központi eleme (JAK/STAT útvonal), a fiziológiás sejtaktiváció
közvetítője. Közvetítő hatása a myeloid eredetű sejtekben, elsősorban
macrophagokban, neutrophil granulocytákban, illetve a thrombocytákban is
szükséges a nem specifikus gyulladásos reakció elindításához. A jelátviteli
útvonal kóros aktivációja a krónikus myeloproliferativ neoplasiákban az egyik
leggyakoribb genetikai eltérés és a fokozott myelo- és thrombopoesis egyik jól
ismert ’driver’ mechanizmusa. A myeloproliferativ neoplasiák diagnosztikájához a
szerzett patogén JAK2-mutációk (elsősorban a
V617F variáns) kimutatása is hozzátartozik. Ismertté vált
ugyanakkor, hogy a génhiba – más, ritkább eltérések mellett – akár hosszú ideig
fennállhat jelentős hematológiai eltérések nélkül. Ezt az állapotot klonális
haemopoesisnek nevezik. A variáns JAK2 újabb megfigyelések
szerint a myeloid eredetű sejtek funkciójára ebben a helyzetben is komoly
aktiváló hatást fejthet ki, és meggyőző összefüggéseket mutattak ki a
gyulladásos háttérrel rendelkező cardiovascularis szövődményekkel kapcsolatosan.
A klonális JAK2-eltérés, valamint az ischaemiás szívbetegség,
illetve a hasi aortaaneurysma kialakulása között is jelentős összefüggések
mérhetők. Mára egyértelmű, hogy az atheromaképződés és a következményes
coronariasclerosis kialakulása egy komplex thromboinflammatoricus folyamat
következménye, és jelentős mértékben függ többek között a JAK2
mediálta szöveti macrophag–granulocyta interakcióktól. Közleményünkben a
fokozott kockázat hátterében húzódó mechanizmusokat és a rendelkezésre álló
legújabb ismereteket elemezzük. Orv Hetil. 2024; 165(23): 883–890.
Role of dietary intervention on sugar-sweetened beverages, fruit juices and milk consumption among obese children/adolescents
Authors:   University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Department of nutrition and dietetics, Kišpatićeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Rahelić Valentina
Published: June 2024

The increase in childhood obesity is one of the biggest public health problems of the 21st century. Among the contributing dietary factors is the high consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and sweetened fruit juices (SFJ). On the other hand, regular consumption of milk and dairy products has decreased in many countries over the years, although research has shown an inverse association between dairy consumption and obesity. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a dietary intervention within a multidisciplinary structured programme on reducing the consumption of SSB and SFJ and simultaneously increasing the consumption of milk and diary products in obese children/adolescents. The study included 100 participants of both sexes who had been diagnosed with obesity and participated in a five-day multidisciplinary structured programme focused on dietary intrevention. Standard anthropometric measurements and a validated questionnaire were used during the study. The mean age of the participants was 12.61±1.90 years, body mass index (BMI) was 98.38±1.26 percentiles; mean consumption of SSB was 1.68 ± 2.89 dL; SFJ was 3.72±5.09 dL and milk and dairy products was 3.10±2.35 dL per day at the start of the intervention. After the five-day programme, patients were reeducated once a month for the first six months, then every two months for up to 24 months. After 24 months, a significant decrease in SSB and SFJ intake (p<0.001) and an increase in milk and dairy products intake (p=0.002) were observed. The percentiles of the BMI also decreased after 24 months (p<0.001). The dietary intervention had a positive effect on the anthropometric values and the change in the dietary habits of the participants, with a focus on the consumption of milk and dairy products.
Mastitis challenges in Serbian dairy farming: a study on somatic cell counts and pathogen distribution
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia, Tomanić Dragana
Published: June 2024

Mastitis is pressing concern for dairy herds due to its economic impact and potential health risks. Somatic cell counts (SCC), reflecting udder health, plays a crucial role in mastitis diagnosis. Current research explores the distribution of SCC and its correlation with various mastitis-causing pathogens in dairy farms in Serbia. The study analyzed 194 individual cow milk samples and microbiological testing was conducted under aseptic conditions to isolate and identify mastitis pathogens. The microscopic reference method was employed for assessing SCC in the milk samples. Among mastitis-associated isolates, bacteria were present in 28.87 %, yeast in 12.38 %, while in 5.15 % of milk samples, both bacteria and yeast were present. The relationship between SCC in various sample types (negative, bacteria-positive, yeast-positive, and samples with both bacteria and yeast) was noted. Importantly, samples with both bacteria and yeast presence had the highest SCC. While SCC is a valuable tool for monitoring udder health and the effectiveness of mastitis control programs, its response to specific pathogens is complex and doesn’t allow differentiation between pathogen types easily. This research highlights the challenges in distinguishing pathogen types based solely on SCC.
Photo-pictures and dynamic software or about the motivation of the art-oriented students
Authors: Chehlarova Toni , Chehlarova Koya
Published: June 2024

This paper deals with ideas about dynamic presentation of photo-pictures by means of dynamic software GeoGebra in order to motivate art students to get acquainted with some specific mathematical functions. The results of the experiment include deeper understanding of the functions’
nature, search of new functions for dealing with a practical problem, using curves, carrying out explorations and inquiries and an exhibition “Dynamic photography’.
Regional Experience of Using Artificial Intelligence Services in the Healthcare Sector of the Russian Federation in 2023
Authors: Bondarovich Alexandra F. , Tyufilin Denis S. , Tarasenko Taras D. , Gusev Alexander V. , Chigrina Valeria P. , Samofalov Dmitry A. , Lagutin Maxim D. , Deev Ivan A. , Kobyakova Olga S.
Published: June 2024

Background. The using of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare has particular importance for primary medical care. The market for AI in healthcare is actively developing, and Russian companies offer their products and services in this area. The federal project to create a single digital contour in healthcare includes the implementation of medical devices based on AI technology in healthcare of the regions of the Russian Federation. The AI services may or may not be medical devices. It is necessary to understand the organizational and economic effects for the healthcare system and a certain medical organization in order to select a service. There is no consolidation of regional experience on AI-enabled services in healthcare in the Russian Federation today.
Aims — consolidation of experience in the using of the AI services in healthcare sector in the regions of the Russian Federation.
Methods. We conducted an online survey of representatives of regional executive authorities and medical information and analytical centers in the regions of the Russian Federation through the “Yandex Forms” platform and also they were interviewed.
Results. We surveyed 84 regions of the Russian Federation to consolidate the experience of using the AI services, and the information on Moscow was obtained from open sources. The analysis showed that the AI services that are not medical devices are more common than the AI services that are medical devices. Based on the results of the study, we have formed a classification of the AI services that are not medical devices used in healthcare in the Russian Federation, identified the reasons why, according to the regions, it is difficult to implement the AI services, as well as determined the conditions of use of the AI services that are not medical devices.
Conclusions. On the basis of the study, we determined the algorithm for the implementation of the AI services in the Russian healthcare.
Table of Contents
Authors:   Portland State University, Yanase Lauren
Published: June 2024

This document includes the front matter and table of contents for this issue of Anthós.
Physicochemical assessments of ion-doped bioactive-glass-based resin infiltrants
Authors: Ahmed Syed Zubairuddin , Khan Abdul Samad , Shah Asma Tufail , Sabri Budi Aslinie Md , Kumar Arumugam Madhan , Akhtar Sultan , Zubair Mukarram , Hakeem Abbas Saeed , Hassan Mohamed Ibrahim Abu
Published: June 2024

Bioactive-glass (BG)-based resin infiltrants were developed to evaluate their chemo-physico-mechanical properties. Three methacrylate-based experimental resin infiltrants were synthesized using 45S5, fluoridated BG and borosilicate BG (B-BG), whereby pure dimethacrylate resins and Icon were used as a control infiltrants. The degree of conversion (DC), thermal properties and wettability were evaluated. In vitro bioactivity tests and weight measurements were conducted in simulated body fluid for up to 28 days. The optical properties were analyzed in artificial saliva for up to 30 days. The microhardness and morphological changes were investigated following chemical aging. The experimental resin infiltrants displayed a comparable DC and a nearly equivalent wettability to those of Icon. An apatite layer was formed on the surface of experimental samples; however, a non-linear behavior was observed for weight measurement. A reduction in microhardness was observed with chemical aging. The optical properties of experimental infiltrants were better than those of Icon. The B-BG group showed more resistance to chemical aging and showed fewer changes during thermal analysis, as well as less loss of hardness. In contrast to other groups, the 45S5-based group showed a greater in vitro bioactivity. The fluoride (F) and boron (B) ions in BGs showed a positive effect and potential to treat white spot lesions within the confines of this inquiry.
Valorisation of bottom ash in concrete: serviceability, microstructural and sustainability characterisation
Authors: Ankur Nitin , Singh Navdeep
Published: June 2024

The present study investigated the synergistic influence of bottom ash as a Portland cement (PC) and natural fine aggregate (NFA) replacement in concrete. Coal bottom ash (CBA) is a heavy ash that settles at the bottom of the combustion chamber of a thermal power plant. It was ground (GCBA) for two hours prior to replacing 10–30% PC, while CBA was used in raw form to replace 25% and 50% NFA. The mechanical properties along with durability properties (accelerated carbonation and chloride penetration) were studied after 28 days and 90 days of curing. Non-destructive tests were also performed to check the quality of CBA-based concrete. Microstructural characterisation was conducted using various techniques, namely X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The concrete with 20% GCBA and 25% CBA (G20C25) reported the best performance in terms of parameters studied owing to the pozzolanic reactivity of GCBA and the filler effect of fine CBA. The microstructural investigations also validated the findings and trends observed in the experimental results. Well-fitted mathematical models were derived and optimisation was carried out using the desirability function approach. Multi-objective optimisation recommended 21.80% GCBA and 24.17% CBA as the optimum amount, resulting in a significant reduction of 19.19% and 18.19% in carbon footprint and eco-cost, respectively, compared to the control mix.
Basics and new opportunities for chemical re-alkalisation of carbonated concrete, including alkali-activated binders
Authors: Glawe Clarissa , Raupach Michael
Published: June 2024

Steel corrosion is one of the main factors limiting the durability of existing reinforced concrete components. Based on the corrosive circumstances, different prevention and repair methods can be applied. In the case of carbonation-initiated corrosion, chemical re-alkalisation (CRA) is one of the standard measures to counteract alteration processes in the concrete that lead to reinforcement corrosion. The current state of research on the CRA of carbonated concrete and the various materials that have been investigated in terms of their applicability for this repair measure are summarised. The review summarises current research results in the field of carbonated concrete and the proven pozzolanic reactivity of the carbonation products in contact with portlandite, which suggests an inhibitory effect on CRA, although this has not yet been investigated. There are also initial attempts that deviate from the application of classic Portland cement as a repair material, but their applicability in practice must be questioned. The use of alternative binders and the associated different compositions of pore solutions and varying alkalinity of these binders (e.g. composite cements with a high substitution rate or alkali-activated binders), have not yet been investigated for repair processes such as CRA, although the chemical composition of binders is of the greatest importance for successful application of the repair measure.
Centrifuge modelling of wetting-induced settlement using different scaling methods
Authors: Liang Yuzhen , Gu Xiaoqiang , Wu Deshun , Fan Zhiqiang , Zhou Qihui , Liu Zunjing
Published: June 2024

Groundwater variation is a significant cause for high-fill foundation settlement. In this study, centrifugal model tests were carried out to study the settlement of a high-fill foundation using a wetting–drying system for simulating water level variations. Three scaling methods including equivalent substitution method, trapezoid similarity method and parallel gradation method, were utilised to prepare the particle-size distribution of tested specimens. The test process consists of four loading cycles and each loading cycle consists of construction, water rise and drainage stages. The analysis results showed that settlement after construction only accounted for less than 20% of the total settlement. Besides, the settlement of the backfill increases with the filling height. The ratio between the settlement and the filling height of the specimen prepared by the equivalent substitution method is higher than the field monitoring data, while those prepared by the trapezoid similarity method or parallel gradation method agree well with the measurements. The settlement after construction with time can be predicted by the three-point method. Furthermore, significant settlement can be observed during the first wetting-drying cycle. The settlement during the water level rise was remarkably greater than that during the draw-down of the water level in each wetting–drying cycle.