bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between alcohol and crack: Prevalence, effects, associated factors and experiences of combined use
Authors: Teodósio Valois-Santos Naíde , Almeida Renata Barreto Fernandes de , Jacques Iracema de Jesus Almeida Alves , Santos Daianny de Paula , Silva Keila Silene de Brito e , Nappo Solange Aparecida , Brito Ana Maria de
Published: September 2021

Objective

To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with the effect of alcohol on crack cocaine use and to analyze experiences related to combined use. Materials and methods: sequential mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative) research, carried out between August 2014 and August 2015 with people who use crack. In the quantitative approach, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,062 participants. Factors associated with “alcohol use with the effect of increasing the effect of crack/crack craving” were estimated by multiple regression. In the qualitative approach, 39 interviews were conducted using Bardin’s content analysis technique.

Results

871 (82.0%) participants reported consuming alcohol, among them, 668 (76.7%) used alcohol combined with crack: 219 (32.8%) reported feeling an effect of reduction in paranoia and/or crack craving and 384 (57.5%) reported feeling an increase in the effect of crack and in the craving to consume the drug. This relationship was also observed in the narratives of the people who use crack, with the possibility of a cyclic effect of consumption of the two substances. Those who related alcohol use to the effect of increasing crack craving (384) were more likely to use alcohol before crack (OR: 1.81; 95%CI: 1.13–2.89); to consume more than 20 stones daily (OR: 1.48; 95%CI: 1.01–2.16); to remain in abstinence from crack for less than one month (OR: 3.20; 95%CI: 1.91–5.35); to use dependence treatment services (OR: 1.85; 95%CI: 1.26–2.71); and to commit physical violence (OR:1.67; 95%CI:1.08–2.56).

Conclusion

The findings of this study indicate that the modulation of the effect of alcohol use on crack cocaine depends on the moment when the drugs are consumed, and the use of alcohol before crack consumption is associated with characteristics that suggest a greater vulnerability to patterns of harmful crack use. Even though combined use is referred to as a way of reducing the negative effects of crack, the damage of this association may be greater than its possible benefits.
Analysing the administration of an intermediate level of outpatient palliative care in Germany and developing recommendations for improvement (Polite): A study protocol for a mixed-methods study
Authors: Stiel Stephanie , van Baal Katharina , Ülgüt Rojda , Stahmeyer Jona T. , Schneider Nils
Published: September 2021

Background

To date, there has been no systematic research on the intermediate level service (level 2) in outpatient palliative care that was introduced in Germany in 2017. Accordingly, the Polite research project aims at: (1) investigating the current state of level 2 palliative care and (2) developing recommendations for its optimisation.

Methods

The multi-perspective, observational study will follow a mixed-methods approach across two study phases. In phase 1a, quantitative routinely collected data from a statutory general local health insurance provider will be used to identify patients who received level 2 or other outpatient palliative care in the years 2017–2019. In phase 1b, a questionnaire will be sent to all registered general practitioners (GPs) in Lower Saxony to collect information on the number and characteristics of physicians offering level 2 palliative care. In phase 1c, a quantitative, standardised online questionnaire for teams providing specialised outpatient palliative care will be administered to assess the interfaces of level 2 palliative care. In phase 2a, the results from phases 1a–c will be discussed in an expert workshop with the aim of developing ideas to adapt and optimise level 2 outpatient palliative care. Finally, in phase 2b, the empirically derived recommendations from phases 1 and 2a will be agreed upon via a multi-round Delphi survey involving experts with sufficient influence to promote the project results and recommendations nationally.

Discussion

The results of the project will facilitate the optimisation of outpatient palliative care, as well as its administration, nationwide.

Trial registration

The study was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien) (Registration N° DRKS00024785); date of registration: 06th May 2021) and is searchable under the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform Search Portal of the World Health Organization, under the German Clinical Trials Register number.
Marker-assisted forward and backcross breeding for improvement of elite Indian rice variety Naveen for multiple biotic and abiotic stress tolerance
Authors: Janaki Ramayya Perumalla , Vinukonda Vishnu Prasanth , Singh Uma Maheshwar , Alam Shamshad , Venkateshwarlu Challa , Vipparla Abhilash Kumar , Dixit Shilpi , Yadav Shailesh , Abbai Ragavendran , Badri Jyothi , T. Ram , Phani Padmakumari Ayyagari , Singh Vikas Kumar , Kumar Arvind
Published: September 2021

The elite Indian rice variety, Naveen is highly susceptible to major biotic and abiotic stresses such as blast, bacterial blight (BB), gall midge (GM) and drought which limit its productivity in rainfed areas. In the present study, a combined approach of marker-assisted forward (MAFB) and back cross (MABC) breeding was followed to introgress three major genes, viz., Pi9 for blast, Xa21 for bacterial blight (BB), and Gm8 for gall midge (GM) and three major QTLs, viz., qDTY1.1, qDTY2.2 and qDTY4.1 conferring increased yield under drought in the background of Naveen. At each stage of advancement, gene-based/linked markers were used for the foreground selection of biotic and abiotic stress tolerant genes/QTLs. Intensive phenotype-based selections were performed in the field for identification of lines with high level of resistance against blast, BB, GM and drought tolerance without yield penalty under non-stress situation. A set of 8 MAFB lines and 12 MABC lines with 3 to 6 genes/QTLs and possessing resistance/tolerance against biotic stresses and reproductive stage drought stress with better yield performance compared to Naveen were developed. Lines developed through combined MAFB and MABC performed better than lines developed only through MAFB. This study exemplifies the utility of the combined approach of marker-assisted forward and backcrosses breeding for targeted improvement of multiple biotic and abiotic stress resistance in the background of popular mega varieties.
Analysis on frosting of heat exchanger and numerical simulation of heat transfer characteristics using BP neural network learning algorithm
Authors: Yu Bo , Luo Yuye , Chu Wenxiao
Published: September 2021

The study is aimed at the frosting problem of the air source heat pump in the low temperature and high humidity environment, which reduces the service life of the system. First, the frosting characteristics at the evaporator side of the air source heat pump system are analyzed. Then, a new defrost technology is proposed, and dimensional theory and neural network are combined to predict the transfer performance of the new system. Finally, an adaptive network control algorithm is proposed to predict the frosting amount. This algorithm optimizes the traditional neural network algorithm control process, and it is more flexible, objective, and reliable in the selection of the hidden layer, the acquisition of the optimal function, and the selection of the corresponding learning rate. Through model performance, regression analysis, and heat transfer characteristics simulation, the effectiveness of this method is further confirmed. It is found that, the new air source heat pump defrost system can provide auxiliary heat, effectively regulating the temperature and humidity. The mean square error is 0.019827, and the heat pump can operate efficiently under frosting conditions. The defrost system is easy to operate, and facilitates manufactures designing for different regions under different conditions. This research provides reference for energy conservation, emission reduction, and sustainable economic development.
Intimate partner violence types and symptoms of common mental disorders in a rural community of Chiapas, Mexico: Implications for global mental-health practice
Authors: Aguerrebere Mercedes , Frías Sonia M. , Smith Fawzi Mary C. , López Rocío , Raviola Giuseppe
Published: September 2021

This paper examines the scope and characteristics of male-to-female intimate partner violence in southern rural Chiapas, Mexico, and its association with depression and anxiety symptoms, highlighting the role of partner controlling behaviors. Participants were selected by random sampling. One-hundred and forty-one women >15 years participated in the study. Data was obtained through an adapted version of the National Survey of the Dynamics of Household Relationships (ENDIREH) intimate partner violence scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for depression symptoms and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 for anxiety symptoms. Quantitative results indicated a 66.4% lifetime prevalence of physical and/or sexual IPV among ever-partnered women 15 years or older (95% CI: 57.5–74.5%). Forty percent (95% CI: 32.0–49.7%) of them reported having experienced physical and/or sexual violence with high partner control (HC-IPV), and 25.8% (95% CI: 18.5–34.3%) reported having experienced physical and/or sexual violence with low or moderate partner control (MC-IPV). Lifetime experience of HC-IPV was significantly associated with moderate-severe depression symptoms (RR = 5.8) and suicidality (RR = 2.08). While partner alcohol abuse was associated with a 3.06 times higher risk of lifetime physical and/or sexual IPV, 30.9% of women mentioned that their partners were never drunk when violence occurred. Interestingly, high partner alcohol abuse was more frequent among women who reported HC-IPV compared to MC-IPV. Implications for global mental health practice are discussed.
Genome-wide identification of DCL, AGO and RDR gene families and their associated functional regulatory elements analyses in banana (Musa acuminata)
Authors: Ahmed Fee Faysal , Hossen Md. Imran , Sarkar Md. Abdur Rauf , Konak Jesmin Naher , Zohra Fatema Tuz , Shoyeb Md. , Mondal Samiran
Published: September 2021

RNA silencing is mediated through RNA interference (RNAi) pathway gene families, i.e., Dicer-Like (DCL), Argonaute (AGO), and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDR) and their cis-acting regulatory elements. The RNAi pathway is also directly connected with the post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) mechanism, and the pathway controls eukaryotic gene regulation during growth, development, and stress response. Nevertheless, genome-wide identification of RNAi pathway gene families such as DCL, AGO, and RDR and their regulatory network analyses related to transcription factors have not been studied in many fruit crop species, including banana (Musa acuminata). In this study, we studied in silico genome-wide identification and characterization of DCL, AGO, and RDR genes in bananas thoroughly via integrated bioinformatics approaches. A genome-wide analysis identified 3 MaDCL, 13 MaAGO, and 5 MaRDR candidate genes based on multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree related to the RNAi pathway in banana genomes. These genes correspond to the Arabidopsis thaliana RNAi silencing genes. The analysis of the conserved domain, motif, and gene structure (exon-intron numbers) for MaDCL, MaAGO, and MaRDR genes showed higher homogeneity within the same gene family. The Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis exhibited that the identified RNAi genes could be involved in RNA silencing and associated metabolic pathways. A number of important transcription factors (TFs), e.g., ERF, Dof, C2H2, TCP, GATA and MIKC_MADS families, were identified by network and sub-network analyses between TFs and candidate RNAi gene families. Furthermore, the cis-acting regulatory elements related to light-responsive (LR), stress-responsive (SR), hormone-responsive (HR), and other activities (OT) functions were identified in candidate MaDCL, MaAGO, and MaRDR genes. These genome-wide analyses of these RNAi gene families provide valuable information related to RNA silencing, which would shed light on further characterization of RNAi genes, their regulatory elements, and functional roles, which might be helpful for banana improvement in the breeding program.
Mathematically aggregating experts’ predictions of possible futures
Authors: Hanea A. M. , Wilkinson D. P. , McBride M. , Lyon A. , van Ravenzwaaij D. , Singleton Thorn F. , Gray C. , Mandel D. R. , Willcox A. , Gould E. , Smith E. T. , Mody F. , Bush M. , Fidler F. , Fraser H. , Wintle B. C.
Published: September 2021

Structured protocols offer a transparent and systematic way to elicit and combine/aggregate, probabilistic predictions from multiple experts. These judgements can be aggregated behaviourally or mathematically to derive a final group prediction. Mathematical rules (e.g., weighted linear combinations of judgments) provide an objective approach to aggregation. The quality of this aggregation can be defined in terms of accuracy, calibration and informativeness. These measures can be used to compare different aggregation approaches and help decide on which aggregation produces the “best” final prediction. When experts’ performance can be scored on similar questions ahead of time, these scores can be translated into performance-based weights, and a performance-based weighted aggregation can then be used. When this is not possible though, several other aggregation methods, informed by measurable proxies for good performance, can be formulated and compared. Here, we develop a suite of aggregation methods, informed by previous experience and the available literature. We differentially weight our experts’ estimates by measures of reasoning, engagement, openness to changing their mind, informativeness, prior knowledge, and extremity, asymmetry or granularity of estimates. Next, we investigate the relative performance of these aggregation methods using three datasets. The main goal of this research is to explore how measures of knowledge and behaviour of individuals can be leveraged to produce a better performing combined group judgment. Although the accuracy, calibration, and informativeness of the majority of methods are very similar, a couple of the aggregation methods consistently distinguish themselves as among the best or worst. Moreover, the majority of methods outperform the usual benchmarks provided by the simple average or the median of estimates.
Differentiable molecular simulation can learn all the parameters in a coarse-grained force field for proteins
Authors: Greener Joe G. , Jones David T.
Published: September 2021

Finding optimal parameters for force fields used in molecular simulation is a challenging and time-consuming task, partly due to the difficulty of tuning multiple parameters at once. Automatic differentiation presents a general solution: run a simulation, obtain gradients of a loss function with respect to all the parameters, and use these to improve the force field. This approach takes advantage of the deep learning revolution whilst retaining the interpretability and efficiency of existing force fields. We demonstrate that this is possible by parameterising a simple coarse-grained force field for proteins, based on training simulations of up to 2,000 steps learning to keep the native structure stable. The learned potential matches chemical knowledge and PDB data, can fold and reproduce the dynamics of small proteins, and shows ability in protein design and model scoring applications. Problems in applying differentiable molecular simulation to all-atom models of proteins are discussed along with possible solutions and the variety of available loss functions. The learned potential, simulation scripts and training code are made available athttps://github.com/psipred/cgdms.
Multi-feature data repository development and analytics for image cosegmentation in high-throughput plant phenotyping
Authors: Quiñones Rubi , Munoz-Arriola Francisco , Choudhury Sruti Das , Samal Ashok
Published: September 2021

Cosegmentation is a newly emerging computer vision technique used to segment an object from the background by processing multiple images at the same time. Traditional plant phenotyping analysis uses thresholding segmentation methods which result in high segmentation accuracy. Although there are proposed machine learning and deep learning algorithms for plant segmentation, predictions rely on the specific features being present in the training set. The need for a multi-featured dataset and analytics for cosegmentation becomes critical to better understand and predict plants’ responses to the environment. High-throughput phenotyping produces an abundance of data that can be leveraged to improve segmentation accuracy and plant phenotyping. This paper introduces four datasets consisting of two plant species, Buckwheat and Sunflower, each split into control and drought conditions. Each dataset has three modalities (Fluorescence, Infrared, and Visible) with 7 to 14 temporal images that are collected in a high-throughput facility at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. The four datasets (which will be collected under theCosegPPdata repository in this paper) are evaluated using three cosegmentation algorithms: Markov random fields-based, Clustering-based, and Deep learning-based cosegmentation, and one commonly used segmentation approach in plant phenotyping. The integration ofCosegPPwith advanced cosegmentation methods will be the latest benchmark in comparing segmentation accuracy and finding areas of improvement for cosegmentation methodology.
Ecological niche modeling of genetic lineages of the great gerbil, Rhombomys opimus (Rodentia: Gerbillinae)
Authors: Hamidi Kordiyeh , Mohammadi Saeed , Ghassemi-Khademi Taghi
Published: September 2021

Great gerbil (Rhombomys opimusLichtenstein, 1823) is distributed in Central Asia and some parts of the Middle East. It is widely found in central and northeast parts of Iran with two distinct genetic lineages:R.o.sodalisin the northern slopes of the Elburz Mountains andR.o.sargadensisin the southern slopes. This large rodent acts as the main host of natural focal diseases. No study has surveyed the ecological niche of the lineages and how their distribution might be influenced by different climatic variables. To examine the distribution patterns of this murid rodent, we aimed to determine the habitat preferences and effects of environmental variables on the ecological niche. Using a species distribution approach for modeling of regional niche specialization, suitable habitats predicted forR.o.sodaliswere mainly located in Golestan province in northern Iran, along the northern slope of Elburz, whileR.o.sargadensis, showed great potential distribution along the southern slope of Elburz and around the Kavir Desert and the Lut Desert. Despite the widest potential distribution ofR.o.sargadensisfrom northeast to northwest and through Central Iran, the geographic range ofR.o.sodaliswas smaller and mostly confined to Golestan province. The results support the presence of the two genetic lineages ofRhombomysin Iran and confirm that there is no significant niche overlap between the two subspecies. Furthermore, it provided several perspectives for future taxonomic studies and prevention hygiene programs for public health.
Válogatott menedzsmentproblémák - stratégia a magyar női kosárlabda-válogatottnál
Authors: Sterbenz Tamás
Published: September 2021

A kosárlabda a világ legnépszerűbb sportágai közé tartozik. Magyarország ebben a tekintetben nem jelent kivételt, abban viszont igen, hogy a női szakág elismertsége, üzleti fontossága a férfiéval vetekszik. A magyar professzionális csapatok a nemzetközi kupákban sikeresen szerepelnek, a hazai mérkőzések sok nézőt vonzanak, a média szívesen és gyakran tudósít az eseményekről, s ezért a szponzorok is jó üzleti lehetőséget látnak a női kosárlabdában. Azonban a rózsaszínű kép megváltozik, ha a felnőtt válogatott működésére összpontosítunk. A nemzeti csapat szereplését állandó viták kísérik, a sikeresség meg sem közelíti a klubcsapatokét. Az alábbi írás ezért megkísérli a válogatott csapat menedzsmentjét érintő problémák elemzését, s javaslatokat fogalmaz meg a követendő stratégia kidolgozására.
Detecting Geo-Positional Bias in Imagery Collected Using Small UASs
Authors: Thayn Jonathan B. , Paque Aaron M. , Maher Megan C.
Published: September 2021

Statistical methods for detecting bias in global positioning system (GPS) error are presented and applied to imagery collected using three common unmanned aerial systems (UASs). Imagery processed without ground control points (GCPs)
had horizontal errors of 1.0–2.5 m; however, the errors had unequal variances, significant directional bias, and did not conform to the expected statistical distribution and so should be considered unreliable. When GCPswere used, horizontal errors decreased
to less than 5 cm, and the errors had equal variances, directional uniformity, and they conformed to the expected distribution. The analysis identified a longitudinal bias in some of the reference data, which were subsequently excluded from the analysis. Had these data been retained, the estimates
of positional accuracy would have been unreliable and inaccurate. These results strongly suggest that examining GPS data for bias should be a much more common practice.
Information security governance in the electricity industry
Authors: De Oliveira Igor Antônio Magalhães , Méxas Mirian Picinini , Machado Elaine Mara Marçal , Drumond Geisa Meirelles
Published: September 2021

Goal: This study aims to assess the importance and use of Information Security (IS) governance in the electricity industry and other segments, in order to propose IS governance guidelines for this industry.
Design/methodology/approach: Literature review was made of scientific articles, frameworks and norms that supported the field research applied to managers, coordinators and experts from IS area, totaling 104 respondents from different countries. The data collected were analyzed by comparing the degree of importance with the use, and also by means of cross-analysis.
Results: It was observed that most respondents agree with the importance of the themes approached, however, in practice, these concepts are not always used by the organization. Besides, it was observed that when security is directly responding for the high level of the organization, the maturity level is between optimized and managed. However, where security is subordinated to the technology area, the level appears with higher percentage, as repeatable.
Limitations of the investigation: The sample size is a limiting factor as it was conditioned to questionnaire responses sent to IS experts through electronic means and social networks and it is not possible to generalize as the population size is not known.
Practical implications: To assist the electricity industry in taking measures turned to IS governance, and, with that, increase consumer protection with regard to their classified data and the company’s reliability in power supply.
Originality/value: The present research originality lies in the proposal of 10 IS governance guidelines obtained from the literature review and the field research applied to IS experts, aiming to raise, more and more, its level of maturity.
The effect of anti-microbial peptide on the performance, survival rate, and diarrhea ratio the pig: A meta-analysis
Authors: Adli D. N. , Sjofjan O. , Sholikin M. M. , Qamariyah N. , Priambodo T. R. , Sadarman S. , Nurfitriani R. A. , Jayanegara A. , Solfaine R. , Nahrowi N.
Published: September 2021

A meta-analysis conducted to determine effect of anti-microbial peptide (AMP) form on the per-formance of pig. A database was designed based on data published that reported used probiotic on pig. The method used in the selection of articles was based on the systematic review center for laboratory animal experimentation (SYRCLE's) method. The final database consisted of 41 in vivo studies with 241 treatments. The analysis statement in the system were R Version 3.6.30. In general, in the total phase, body weight and survival rate increased (p <0.05; quadratic) due to AMP administration. In continued of the phase 1, growth performance parameters [eg, body weight, average daily gain (ADG), and average daily intake (ADI), feed conversion ratio (FCR)] increased (p <0.05; quadratic) and FCR decreased (p <0.05; quadratic) due to SAP administration. In the total phase, parameters such as body weight, ADG, and survival rate increased (p <0.05; quadratic) while ADI tended to increase (p <0.1; linear) due to the increase in the CAP dose. Meanwhile, other parameters in the total phase, i.e. FCR decreased (p <0.05; quadratic). The optimal dose of CAP for the total phase was 21.406 mg/kg of feed with a predicted minimum FCR of 1.47. The AMP forms (SAP and CAP) improved (p <0.05) the pa-rameters of body weight, ADG, ADI, FCR, diarrhea ratios, and survival rate at each phase. In sum-mary, both form and dosage of the anti-microbial help to beneficial effect on the growth performance of pigs.
Lucha de clase y lucha de pueblo.
Authors: Preterossi Geminello
Published: September 2021

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Tomar en serio el populismo para criticarlo.
Authors: Bazzicalupo Laura
Published: September 2021

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Pulverizar el poder económico : el neoliberalismo y la neutralización del conflicto social.
Authors: Somma Alessandro
Published: September 2021

El neoliberalismo entrega al Estado la tarea de vigilar las leyes del mercado y emplea la competencia para guiar políticamente a los socios. La consecuencia es el aislamiento del individuo frente al mercado, que estará obligado solo a reaccionar automáticamente a sus estímulos. De ahí que valorice el constitucionalismo antifascista, que promueve la democracia económica, además de la política. Así las cosas, el Estado estará obligado a realizar la paridad sustancial fuera del mercado, con el Estado de bienestar, pero también en el mercado, equilibrando la debilidad social con la fuerza jurídica. Los poderes públicos deben redistribuir las armas del conflicto social y de ahí lograr la repoliticización del orden económico.

Abstract: Neoliberalism gives the State the task of monitoring the laws of the market and, in this sense; it uses competition as a tool for the political direction of its members. The consequence is the isolation of the individual from the market, which condemns him to have only the behaviors that are automatic reactions to the stimuli produced by it. An alternative to this situation is to strengthen anti-fascist constitutionalism, which promotes economic democracy as well as political democracy. In this scenario, the State is obliged to implement substantial equality outside the market through welfare, but also in the market itself, balancing social weakness with legal force. Thus, it is the task of the public authorities to redistribute the weapons of social conflict and, in this way, to re-politicize the economic order.
National institute of family and life advocates (NIFLA) : V. Becerra, or the right to be informed about your own reproductive rights.
Authors: Ivone Vitulia
Published: September 2021

The Supreme Court has issued its decision in NIFLA v. Becerra, a 5–4 vote holding that the state of California cannot compel pregnancy-resource centers to advertise for the state’s abortion services. This decision represents a considerable victory for both the right to free speech and the conscience rights of pro-life Americans. The case concerned California’s Reproductive FACT Act, which mandated that both licensed and unlicensed women’s-health clinics (crisis-pregnancy or pregnancy-resource centers) not performing abortions had to provide a pre-written notice to clients. Though the law related specifically to abortion, free speech was the fundamental issue at stake. This paper analyzes the history of abortion in US legislation and the perspective of one of its fundamental civil rights.
Post-truth and the crisis of the political.
Authors: Newman Saul
Published: September 2021

Entiendo la posverdad como un nuevo paradigma en política, uno que va más allá de la mera mentira política y señala el declive de la autoridad simbólica de la verdad misma. En la medida en que, como afirmó Arendt, la política depende de un reconocimiento compartido de ciertas verdades fácticas, la posverdad representa una crisis de la vida política. La condición de la posverdad es una condición pospolítica. Para comprender esto a fondo, necesitamos comprender la relación paradójica entre verdad y política, afrontando una problemática que se remonta a los orígenes de las demos en la antigua Grecia: el conflicto original entre la verdad singular del filósofo y los asuntos e intereses de la polis. Aquí me basaré en dos enfoques diferentes para este problema: la discusión de Hannah Arendt sobre la relación conflictiva, pero inextricable, entre la estabilidad de la verdad y la contingencia y pluralidad de la vida política; y la exploración de Michel Foucault de la parrësia o ‘discurso franco’, una forma de decir la verdad que, aunque a menudo está en conflicto con la polis, también es necesaria para cualquier noción de conducta ética en la vida política. Ambos enfoques sugieren que la política tiene alguna relación esencial con la verdad, incluso si la verdad a menudo se encuentra impotente frente a la mera opinión. Sin embargo, aunque haya algunas dudas sobre la eficacia actual de afirmar los hechos contra las mentiras o ‘decir la verdad ante el poder’, sostengo que hay algo valioso en la idea de Foucault de decir la verdad como una forma de subjetivación ética (y también política).
Legal Environment and Contractual Choice
Authors: Cheng Ho Cheung
Published: September 2021

This paper considers contractual choice under imperfect legal systems, in particular, contracts with different timing of payment. Ex-ante payment contracts are risky for the buyer, because the seller may shirk. Ex-post payment contracts are risky for the seller, as the buyer may default. Optimal contract is solved for any given legal environment. Exchanges with lower gains from trade tend to adopt ex-post payment contracts. The seller is a better proposer than the buyer in terms of the efficiency of the proposed contract. Surprisingly, offering ex-ante payment contracts is not strictly better for the seller under any legal environment. Moreover, mixed payment contracts are also analyzed and shown to never be optimal.
Networks in the mental lexicon – contributions from Hungarian
Authors: Kovács László , Orosz Katalin , Pollner Péter
Published: September 2021

Connections between the units of the mental lexicon store information as complex networks, where nodes represent words. With the emergence of network science characteristics of this mental network can be quantified. Present paper investigates the network structure of the mental lexicon of a non-Indo-European language, Hungarian, using a word association database which collected word association data online. The data is examined with statistical measures of networks: path length and degree centrality are calculated. Comparing the network characteristics of the database to the English South Florida Word Association Database we found that both networks display similar characteristics. We show that the central elements of the two databases are the same words (5 out of 7) and that the most central element in the Hungarian database is money, regardless the used centrality measure. The Hungarian database possesses a single, highly connected core, which defines the network properties of the whole database. This connected core is responsible for the short paths inside the lexicon.
Deutsch-ukrainische Sprachkontakte in der Bukowina
Authors: Senyk Halyna , Kiyko Yuriy
Published: September 2021

Im vorliegenden Beitrag schlagen die Autoren einen neuen gebietstypologischen Ansatz für die Erforschung der Sprachkontakte anhand von einer vielsprachigen Region vor. Als solch eine Region gilt zweifellos die Bukowina, in der selbst “der Spiegelkarpfen in fünf Sprachen schwieg” (Rose Ausländer). Es wurde eine komplexe Methodik zur Analyse von deutschen Entlehnungen in verschiedenen Bezirken der Bukowina entwickelt, deren multikulturelle Bevölkerung in der Zeit der Österreich-Ungarischen Monarchie von der deutschen Sprache stark beeinflusst wurde. Die Untersuchungsmethodik basiert auf freien assoziativen Experimenten, die in der Nordbukowina, Deutschland und Österreich durchgeführt wurden. Die ermittelten Daten ermöglichten deutsche und ukrainische Entlehnungen in der ukrainischen und deutschen Sprache der Bukowiner sowie ihre territoralen Differenzen in der Nordbukowina zu analysieren sowie Relikte der Interferenzphänomene vom Bukowiner Deutsch außerhalb der Bukowina in Deutschland und Österreich zu bestimmen.
Simulation of a kinetic model integrated with variable catalyst holdup applied in industrial fluid catalytic cracking risers
Authors: Kiri Sivakumar K. Harish , Aravamudan Kannan
Published: September 2021

The importance of the axial catalyst holdup on the accurate prediction of reaction yields from Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Unit (FCCU) risers was explored in this study. The Kunii and Levenspiel model was incorporated in the FCCU riser simulations for predicting the solid holdup. Two approaches were compared – the popular one assuming Constant Holdup (CH) and the other incorporating Variable Holdup (VH) in the reaction kinetics models. Simulation predictions using these two approaches were fitted to the yield profiles obtained from industrial plant data reported in the literature. The kinetic parameter estimates, including frequency factors and coking parameters obtained from these two approaches, were quite similar, indicating insensitivity to catalyst holdup. However, the kinetic model incorporating VH expression could predict the plant conversion and yield to within ±10% error throughout the riser. In contrast, the CH model led to predictions that were rather erroneous (>±25%) at the riser bottom as the catalyst particle acceleration zone was neglected. Temperature, gas density, catalyst particle, and gas phase velocity profiles obtained from the VH approach were considerably different from those obtained using the CH approach. The VH approach showed that the slip factor, especially, was quite distinct as it reached a peak value before decaying exponentially. On the other hand, the CH model showed a monotonic increase in slip factor along the riser.
Experimental investigation of WEDM process through integrated desirability and machine learning technique on implant material
Authors: Kumar Anish , Sharma Renu , Gupta Arun Kumar
Published: September 2021

CP-Ti G2 has become the preferred biocompatible material for various devices mainly used in orthopedic and dental implants and it is also used in aviation and aircraft. While CP-Ti G2 deals with good ductility, higher stiffness, and fatigue resistance. The novelty of present research work was attentive to the effect of WEDM factors on MRR. After machining, surface topography was examined through SEM. MRR was modeled through ANOVA to analyze the adequacy. It was observed that POT, POFT, PC, and SGV most significant factors. The WEDM factors have also been significantly deteriorating the morphology of machined samples in the form of craters, debris, and micro cracks. A multi-objective optimization ‘desirability’ function hybrid with a supervised machine learning algorithm was applied to obtain the optimal solutions. The results show a good agreement between actual and predicted values.
A Case Study of Non-Fourier Heat Conduction Using Internal Variables and GENERIC
Authors: Szücs Mátyás , Pavelka Michal , Kovács Róbert , Fülöp Tamás , Ván Péter , Grmela Miroslav
Published: September 2021

Applying simultaneously the methodology of non-equilibrium thermodynamics with internal variables (NET-IV) and the framework of General Equation for the Non-Equilibrium Reversible–Irreversible Coupling (GENERIC), we demonstrate that, in heat conduction theories, entropy current multipliers can be interpreted as relaxed state variables. Fourier’s law and its various extensions—the Maxwell–Cattaneo–Vernotte, Guyer–Krumhansl, Jeffreys type, Ginzburg–Landau (Allen–Cahn) type and ballistic–diffusive heat conduction equations—are derived in both formulations. Along these lines, a comparison of NET-IV and GENERIC is also performed. Our results may pave the way for microscopic/multiscale understanding of beyond-Fourier heat conduction and open new ways for numerical simulations of heat conduction problems.
Androids, Oracles and Free Will
Authors: Sekatskaya Maria
Published: September 2021

Claims about freedom and predestination are ubiquitous in movies, novels, and myths. These claims touch upon the philosophical problem of the compatibility of free will and determination. In order to make an informed judgment about whether these claims are true, it is helpful to know what philosophers have to say about free will. However, philosophical discussions are usually absent in popular culture. It is perhaps no wonder, since free will is a topic that has been discussed for millennia. Consequently, these discussions have become quite complicated and not easy to decipher. This essay is a popular introduction to these discussions, accessible to readers without former acquaintance with the topic. I provide references to other works for readers interested in knowing more. My aim is to show that while there are persuasive arguments against free will, there are no fewer persuasive replies to these arguments. Free will is a fascinating topic, and I hope that acquaintance with the relevant philosophical discussion will prove useful for those who wonder if anyone is free to create their own destiny.
The crystal structure of poly[μ2-chlorido-(μ2-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane-κ
2
N:N′silver(I)], C12H12AgClN2
Authors: Fang Jianghua , Hu Minjie , Li Ying , Xu Weihong
Published: September 2021

C12H12AgClN2, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 9.007(2) Å, b = 9.493(2) Å, c = 13.642(3) Å, V = 1166.5(4) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0160, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0370, T = 295 K.
GRIPS-HI, a novel spectral imager for ground based measurements of mesopause temperatures
Authors: Stehr Johannes , Knieling Peter , Olschewski Friedhelm , Mantel Klaus , Kaufmann Martin , Koppmann Ralf
Published: September 2021

The NDMC (Network for the Detection of Mesospheric Change) is a global network of measurement sites dedicated to the surveillance of the mesopause region. One main objective of the network is the early identification of climate signals. A key parameter is the mesopause temperature which can be derived from the emission spectrum of a layer of vibrationally excited hydroxyl (OH) at an altitude of approximately

87

km

87\hspace{0.1667em}\text{km}

. Foremost, emission lines in the SWIR regime between

1520

nm

1520\hspace{0.1667em}\text{nm}

and

1550

nm

1550\hspace{0.1667em}\text{nm}

are of interest for remote temperature sensing. This report deals with the development of a new generation of GRIPS instruments, which are commonly employed for the observation of mesopause temperatures. The new prototype demonstrates how the application of so called Spatial Heterodyne Interferometers (SHI) can overcome the limitations of currently used grating spectrometers, in terms of spectral resolution and optical throughput. The presented prototype proposes improvements in optical throughput and spectral resolution of about one order of magnitude, significantly reducing the uncertainties of the measured mesopause temperatures. Furthermore, an SHI can be built in monolithic configurations which are aligned and characterized once during assembly without the need of realignment at the measurement site. This makes SHI based instruments ideal for mobile applications.
Egy új, mégis régi Németország születése
Authors: Maróti Dávid
Published: September 2021

The year 1945 brought a radical change in the German history. The total defeat landed the Reich in difficulty. On the territory of the German Reich four entities have been established which could only get in touch with each other if the Allied Powers allowed them. The Allies took over the supreme power after Germany’s unconditional surrender. The old-new German political parties had to face the state building under hard circumstances such as the lack of sovereignty. The postwar chaos could be overcome in four years, therefore two new states have been rebuilt on the territory of the ‘Third Reich’. This study is restricted to present the birth of West Germany also known as Federal Republic of Germany from 1948 when the Western Powers officially announced the establishment of a federal state in the West German area.
Transient Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation Causes Region- and Cell Type-Dependent Functional Deficits in the Mouse HippocampusIn Vitro
Authors: Grube Paul , Heuermann Cedric , Rozov Andrei , Both Martin , Draguhn Andreas , Hefter Dimitri
Published: September 2021

Neurons are highly vulnerable to conditions of hypoxia-ischemia (HI) such as stroke or transient ischemic attacks. Recovery of cognitive and behavioral functions requires re-emergence of coordinated network activity, which, in turn, relies on the well-orchestrated interaction of pyramidal cells (PYRs) and interneurons. We therefore modelled HI in the mouse hippocampus, a particularly vulnerable region showing marked loss of PYR and fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs) after hypoxic-ischemic insults. Transient oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) inex vivohippocampal slices led to a rapid loss of neuronal activity and spontaneous network oscillations (sharp wave-ripple complexes; SPW-Rs), and to the occurrence of a spreading depolarization. Following reperfusion, both SPW-R and neuronal spiking resumed, but FSI activity remained strongly reduced compared with PYR. Whole-cell recordings in CA1 PYR revealed, however, a similar reduction of both EPSCs and IPSCs, leaving inhibition-excitation (I/E) balance unaltered. At the network level, SPW-R incidence was strongly reduced and the remaining network events showed region-specific changes including reduced ripple energy in CA3 and increased ripple frequency in CA1. Together, our data show that transient hippocampal energy depletion results in severe functional alterations at the cellular and network level. While I/E balance is maintained, synaptic activity, interneuron spiking and coordinated network patterns remain reduced. Such alterations may be network-level correlates of cognitive and functional deficits after cerebral HI.
Excessive Laughter-like Vocalizations, Microcephaly, and Translational Outcomes in theUbe3aDeletion Rat Model of Angelman Syndrome
Authors: Berg Elizabeth L. , Jami Shekib A. , Petkova Stela P. , Berz Annuska , Fenton Timothy A. , Lerch Jason P. , Segal David J. , Gray John A. , Ellegood Jacob , Wöhr Markus , Silverman Jill L.
Published: September 2021

Angelman syndrome (AS) is a rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by intellectual disabilities, motor and balance deficits, impaired communication, and a happy, excitable demeanor with frequent laughter. We sought to elucidate a preclinical outcome measure in male and female rats that addressed communication abnormalities of AS and other neurodevelopmental disorders in which communication is atypical and/or lack of speech is a core feature. We discovered, and herein report for the first time, excessive laughter-like 50 kHz ultrasonic emissions in theUbe3amat–/pat+rat model of AS, which suggests an excitable, playful demeanor and elevated positive affect, similar to the demeanor of individuals with AS. Also in line with the AS phenotype,Ube3amat–/pat+rats demonstrated aberrant social interactions with a novel partner, distinctive gait abnormalities, impaired cognition, an underlying LTP deficit, and profound reductions in brain volume. These unique, robust phenotypes provide advantages compared with currently available mouse models and will be highly valuable as outcome measures in the evaluation of therapies for AS.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAngelman syndrome (AS) is a severe neurogenetic disorder for which there is no cure, despite decades of research using mouse models. This study used a recently developed rat model of AS to delineate disease-relevant outcome measures to facilitate therapeutic development. We found the rat to be a strong model of AS, offering several advantages over mouse models by exhibiting numerous AS-relevant phenotypes, including overabundant laughter-like vocalizations, reduced hippocampal LTP, and volumetric anomalies across the brain. These findings are unconfounded by detrimental motor abilities and background strain, issues plaguing mouse models. This rat model represents an important advancement in the field of AS, and the outcome metrics reported herein will be central to the therapeutic pipeline.
Retaining the Old Countryside, Embracing the New Countryside
Authors: Nguyen Tuan Anh , Gillen Jamie , Rigg Jonathan
Published: September 2021

Vietnam’s New Rural Development program envisages the creation of a newly modern rural Vietnam. Drawing on fieldwork, this paper argues that the program has had little bearing on peasant livelihood strategies. The emergence of deagrarianization has not arisen as a result of the program but because of household interest in maintaining a diverse set of income activities. These two contrasting rural realities—the advance of deagrarianization against a backdrop of continued subsistence farming—coexist and are mutually supportive. Peasant livelihood diversification strategies have been perpetuated without much attention to broader state-led initiatives aimed at “reforming” the countryside.
Linguagem, Convenção e Conhecimento no Crátilo de Platão
Authors: Ramos Cássio Mercier
Published: September 2021

O Crátilo é bastante enigmático quanto à forma com que encerra sua discussão sobre a justificação dos nomes, uma vez que planta a pergunta de como proceder ao conhecimento das coisas elas mesmas. Sendo assim, o desvelamento e clarificação da posição platônica contida no diálogo não poderiam deixar de ser assunto de muitas disputas e estudos. Este artigo tem por objetivo contrapor-se particularmente à visão de que Sócrates, ao final da obra, tome partido do convencionalismo com relação aos nomes, algo que é argumentado por Ademollo em seu importante comentário ao diálogo. Para tanto, faremos uma pequena análise das posições naturalista e convencionalista contida na discussão entre Hermógenes e Crátilo, para que, depois, sejamos conduzidos a uma reinterpretação daquilo que aqui apelidamos de “via socrática” levando em conta os vários elementos textuais presentes.
Justificadores fora da cabeça
Authors: De Oliveira Gustavo Oliva
Published: September 2021

Este artigo é sobre a compatibilidade de um tipo de posição internista no que diz respeito à justificação epistêmica e um tipo de externismo na filosofia da mente chamado externismo ativo, expresso pela tese da mente estendida. O internismo de justificação na epistemologia é a tese de que a justificação epistêmica depende exclusivamente de fatores internos. O externismo ativo é a posição de que é possível que alguns de nossos estados mentais sejam externos, isto é, constituídos em parte por elementos que estão “fora de nossa cabeça”. Alguns filósofos acreditam que a tese da mente estendida é incompatível com o internismo acessibilista, por causa do papel justificador que a introspecção tem na teoria. Argumento que, apesar das impressões iniciais, a tese da mente estendida é compatível com o internismo. O artigo possui a seguinte estrutura: (i) apresento a tese da mente estendida e o argumento da paridade usado por Clark e Chalmers para estabelecê-la; (ii) exponho o internismo acessibilista, que costuma ser visto como incompatível com o tipo de externismo anteriormente apresentado; (iii) mostro e avalio argumentos a favor da tese da incompatibilidade entre a tese da mente estendida e o internismo acessibilista.
Apresentação
Authors: Da Costa Claiton
Published: September 2021

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