bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DNA‐Synthesizing Myeloid and Lymphoid Cells in the Blood of Haemodialysis Patients and Kidney Graft Recipients
Authors: Virolainen M. , Lalla M. , Pasternack A. , Wasastjerna C. , Hayry P.
Published: August 2010

The proportions of proliferating white blood cells in the blood of uraemic patients with and without haemodialysis treatment and in chronic kidney graft recipients were determined by 3H‐TdR labelling and autoradiography. Labelled cells were differentiated into lymphoid cells (LLC) and myeloid cells (LMC). The reliability of the differential counts of LLC and LMC was verified by cytochemical staining methods combined with autoradiography.

The percentage of LLC did not differ from that of the controls in any group of patients. In graft recipients the percentage of LLC was not associated with signs of chronic rejection. LMC were significantly increased in haemodialysis patients and in graft recipients. Anephric patients undergoing haemodialysis treatment had significantly more LMC than those who had retained their kidneys. Graft recipients presenting signs of chronic rejection and those receiving a higher corticosteroid dosage had more LMC than those without rejection.
Characterization of R‐Type Vitamin B12‐Binding Proteins by Isoelectric Focusing
Authors: Stenman Ulf‐Hakan
Published: August 2010

The R‐type vitamin BIZ‐binding proteins in plasma, serum and granulocytes were characterized by isoelectric focusing. The R proteins from these sources were micro‐heterogenous; they contained isoproteins with the same isoelectric points (PIs) but in different proportions. The increased vitamin B12‐binding capacity of serum as compared with EDTA plasma was due to release of granulocyte R proteins in vitro. Transcobalamin (TC) I and TC III were found to be incompletely separated mixtures of R isoproteins and not separate proteins.
Study of Granulocytopoiesis in Drug‐Induced Agranulocytosis Using 3HTdR Autoradiography
Authors: Ruvidić R.
Published: August 2010

Autoradiographic study of granulocytopoiesis was carried out in 6 patients with acute drug‐induced agranulocytosis (5 induced by pyrazolone derivatives, and one by gold salt) by in vitro bone marrow labelling with 3HTdR. During the days preceding the normalisation of blood granulocyte count, 11 bone marrow samples were analysed when the marrow was promyelocytic‐myelocytic (or myeloblastic‐promyelocytic). The finding of an increased number of cells synthesizing DNA can be explained by the increase of the growth fraction of myelocytes close to one. Calculation of proliferation parameters on the basis of: DNA synthesis time equalling 12 h (Stryckmans et a1 1966) demonstrates an increased birth rate of cells in the proliferative compartment of granulocytopoiesis and, consequently, an increased outflow into the maturation compartment at the rate 2.2‐2.7 times the original amount. A higher mitotic index in the same bone marrow samples gives proof of an increased mitotic activity. The results presented confirm the findings from cytological analysis, i. e. that promyelocytic‐myelocytic (and also myeloblastic‐promyelocytic) marrow (a morphologic pattern erroneously termed ‘maturation arrest’) reflects a proliferative push in the regenerative phase of granulocytopoiesis in acute agranulocytosis.
Familial Bleeding Disorder with a Moderate Thrombocytopenia and Giant Blood Platelets
Authors: Evensen Stein A. , Solum Nils Olav , Grøttum Mll A. , Hovig Torstein
Published: August 2010

Among 10 siblings in an otherwise healthy family two sisters had experienced serious bleeding tendency from early childhood. They were moderately thrombocytopenic, their primary bleeding time was prolonged, and splenectomy had been performed in both without effect. One of them, now aged 66, was admitted because of recurrent episodes of life‐threatening gastrointestinal bleedings. The patient had a macrothrom‐bocytic thrombocytopenia, and the ultrastructural appearance of the platelets was abnormal. Her platelets contained decreased amounts of sialic acid, and showed decreased electrophoretic mobility, enhanced aggregation when exposed to ADP and lack of aggregation when tested with ristocetin and a bovine fibrinogen preparation, indicating a membrane defect. No focus for her gastrointestinal bleedings was found. The diagnosis is simple, specific therapy is not available.
Leukaemoid Reactions in Myeloproliferative Diseases
Authors: White Douglas R. , George James N. , Sears David A.
Published: August 2010

The occurrence of transient extreme neutrophilic leucocytosis, with white blood cell counts exceeding 100,000/μl in two adult patients with myeloproliferative diseases, polycythaemia vera and acute myelocytic leukaemia in remission, is reported. The reaction was transient, and the subsequent course of the patient's disease did not differ from that prior to the episode. Such extreme leucocytosis is rare in adults, despite the frequency of provoking conditions, and factors which predispose an individual to develop a leukaemoid reaction remain unknown. An increase in the size of the pool of proliferating granulocyte precursors accompanied by a loss of the restraining function of the marrow sinusoidal walls in myeloproliferative diseases may explain the augmented release of myeloid cells in our patients.
δβ ‐Thalassaemia in Two Yugoslavian Families
Authors: Efremov G. D. , Nikolov N. , Duma H. , Schroeder W. A. , Miller A. , Huisman T. H. J.
Published: August 2010

Members of two Yugoslavian families were found to have δβ‐thalassaemia. Interaction of β‐thalassaemia with δβ‐thalassaemia occurred in two young children producing a clinical condition which is somewhat less severe than that of homozygous β‐thalassaemia. Results from biosynthetic analyses indicate that the degree of globin chain imbalance in double heterozygotes for β‐ and δβ‐thalassaemia is similar to that in homozygous β‐thalassaemia. Fetal haemoglobin of all heterozygotes contained Gγ and Aγ chains in an average ratio of about 2:3 whereas that in the two double heterozygotes had Gγ and Aγ chains in a ratio of 3:2.
Isochromosome 17 in a Case of Eosinophilic Leukaemia
Authors: Mitelman F. , Panani A. , Brandt L.
Published: August 2010

In a patient with eosinophilic leukaemia, serial chromosome studies using the Giemsa banding technique revealed a similar marker chromosome, identified as an isochromosome 17, in all bone marrow metaphases analysed. There was no Ph1‐chromosome. The cytogenetic data support the view that eosinophilic leukaemia is a specific disease entity, and suggest that both eosinophilic and neutrophilic cells are involved in the leukaemic process.
Streptokinase Resistance Test in a Group of Mediterranean People and its Possible Variations as Regards Sex and Age
Authors: Aznar J. , Delgado F. , Estelles A. , Gilabert J.
Published: August 2010

A streptokinase resistance test (SK‐RT) was studied on a group of people from the Mediterranean coast of Spain. It was found that 87.5% of the studied population required a dose of 250,000 U or less to obtain an adequate neutralization of the circulating antibodies. In none of the cases was the required dose higher than 500,000 U. The average dose was of 132,969 U (SD = 102,269). No significant differences were found between the dose required for men and that required for women. A significantly inferior dose to the average was, however, required for people over 50 years old (x̄ = 112,280, SD = 100,459).
Nonsecretory Myelomatosis without Intracellular Immunoglobulin
Authors: STAVEM PER , FRøLAND STIG S. , HAUGEN H. F. , LISLERUD ARNE
Published: August 2010

A patient with multiple myeloma is reported with severe hypogammaglobulinaemia but without monoclonal immunoglobulin (M‐component) in the serum or Bence Jones protein in the urine. In May‐Grünwald‐Giemsa stained bone marrow film 45 % of the cells resembled plasma cells. Marrow immunofluorescent studies showed no increase of immunoglobulin containing cells. Ultrastructural studies showed a large number of cells with a well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and other morphological features characteristic for plasma cells.
Effect of Hyperlipidaemic Diet and Clofibrate Treatment on Rat Erythrocyte Lipids
Authors: PELLINIEMI TARJA‐TERTTU , VIIKAR JORMA , NIEMINEN LAURI
Published: August 2010

Lipids of rat plasma and erythrocytes were analysed during hyperlipidaemic diet and clofibrate treatment. The diet increased the plasma cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations after 3 weeks' lipid feeding. Clofibrate in a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight did not inhibit the increase in plasma cholesterol and phospholipid contents, but significantly decreased the concentration of plasma triglycerides.

The lipid diet slightly increased the erythrocyte cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations without affecting the red cell morphology or reticulocytosis. After 1 week's treatment, clofibrate in a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight caused a 2‐fold increase in the cholesterol content and a rise in the cholesterol‐phospholipid ratio of red blood cells of rats fed the hyperlipidaemic diet. These results suggest that the erythrocyte cell membrane can increase its cholesterol content and possibly play a role in cholesterol transport.
Polyploidy of the Bone Marrow
Authors: BORGSTRÖM GEORG H. , VUOPIO PEKKA , DE LA CHAPELLE ALBERT
Published: August 2010

In a consecutive series of 841 patients whose bone marrows were cytogenetically investigated because of verified or suspected haematological disease, 11 patients were found to have at least 10 % polyploid bone marrow mitoses. The chromosome numbers varied greatly between the cells of the same patients and between the patients. In 4 cases, the number was nearly or exactly tetraploid and in 1 patient a prevalent octaploid line was seen. Structurally abnormal marker chromosomes were seen in 8 of the patients. A total of 31 bone marrow chromosome counts were performed on a young woman with acute myelomonocytic leukaemia who had had several drug‐induced remissions during the 3 1/2 years of disease. The results were related to the clinical findings. On several occasions a clear‐cut correlation was noted between high proportions (nearly 100 %) of polyploid cells and relapse on the one hand and low proportions (as low as 0 %) of polyploids and remission on the other.

Of the 11 patients, 2 had chronic myeloid leukaemia, 3 acute myelomonocytic leukaemia, 3 acute myeloid leukaemia and a further 3 some other malignant haematological disorders. We conclude that polyploidy is a feature associated with rare cases of leukaemia and other malignant diseases. It is often a sign of a poor prognosis.
Fasting (Acute Energy Deprivation) in Man: Effect on Polymorphonuclear Granulocyte Functions, Plasma Iron and Serum Transferrin
Authors: PALMBLAD JAN
Published: August 2010

The effect of 10 days of total fasting (energy deprivation) on blood polymorphonuclear granulocyte functions, leukocyte numbers, iron and transferrin levels was evaluated in 14 healthy, normal‐weight males. Granulocytes from 7 of the subjects were tested in vitro. A statistically significant depression was noted in their bactericidal capacity against Staph. aureus. The 14 subjects showed a marked decrease in the stainable activity of granulocyte alkaline phosphatase and decreases were noted in plasma iron and serum transferrin levels. The iron saturation of serum transferrin was unchanged. Thus, impairment of granulocyte bactericidal functions may occur secondarily to short‐term total energy deprivation, in the absence of iron deficiency.
Platelet Production Capacity at Intervals after Acute Thrombocytopenia
Authors: JACKSON CARL W. , EDWARDS CAROL C.
Published: August 2010

Platelet producing capacity was examined at intervals after acute platelet depletion by reinduction of acute thrombocytopenia and assessment of the subsequent platelet recovery rates or 35S‐sulfate incorporation into platelets. Platelet producing capacity was increased on days 1 and 2, somewhat decreased on days 3 and 4 and had returned to baseline by day 5. These studies suggest that there is an initial increase followed by a decrease on days 3 and 4 in cells which can respond to thrombopoietic stimulating factor after induction of acute thrombocytopenia.
The Morphology of Dyserythropoiesis in a Patient with Acute Erythroleukaemia Associated with Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Zwaan F. E. , den Ottolander G. J. , Brederoo P. , van Zwet Th. L. , te Velde J. , Willemze R.
Published: August 2010

A patient with multiple myeloma in whom acute erythroleukaemia developed 5 years following treatment with irradiation and melphalan is reported. Immunoglobulin synthesis and immunofluorescence investigations provided evidence that the blast cells in the peripheral blood did not belong to the plasma cell series; ultrastructure examination demonstrated their myeloid origin.

Chromosomally abnormal cells were observed in both the bone marrow and peripheral blood.

Light‐ and electron microscopy of erythropoiesis in this case showed distinct features of dyserythropoiesis, similar to those described in other entities.

The erythroid cell abnormalities are discussed in the light of their being either indications of malignancy or of a reactive process.
Kinetics of Small Lymphocytes in Normal and Nude Mice after Splenectomy
Authors: Hougen H. P. , Hansen F. , Jensen E. Kehn , Röpke C.
Published: August 2010

Autoradiography and various quantitations on lymphoid tissues have been used to evaluate the kinetics of small lymphocytes in normal (+/nu or +/+) and congenitally athymic nude (nu/nu) NMRI mice 1 month after splenectomy or sham‐splenectomy. The results indicate that splenectomy causes depressed thymic activity and diminished numbers of T lymphocytes in peripheral lymphoid tissues. The total number of cells in these tissues as well as the blast cell activity, were within normal limits. Bone marrow lymphocyte numbers and kinetics as well as blood lymphocyte levels in splenectomized and sham‐splenectomized normal animals were comparable. Blood lymphocyte numbers were at normal levels in splenectomized nude mice, in spite of reduced numbers of bone marrow and thoracic duct lymphocytes. It is suggested that increased number of newly‐formed lymphocytes, found in lymph nodes and blood of splenectomized mice, are released from the lympho‐myeloid organs in compensation for the loss of long‐lived, thymus‐derived cells.
Function of Neutrophils in Preleukaemia
Authors: Ruutu P. , Ruutu T. , Vuopio P. , Kosunen T. U. , Chapelle A. de la
Published: August 2010

The function of blood neutrophil granulocytes was studied in vitro in 17 patients with preleukaemia. 3 patients had a cellular defect of chemotaxis. 2 of them had monosomy‐7 in bone marrow karyotype, in 1 associated with the deletion of the long arm of a chromosome 20. The third patient had trisomy‐8. In the patient with trisomy‐8, the high percentage of band neutrophils was possibly associated with the chemotactic defect. In another patient with trisomy‐8 chemotaxis was normal. There was a statistically significant tendency to reduced phagocytosis and impaired ability to kill Staphylococcus aureus. 1 patient with a chemotactic defect and monosomy‐7 suffered from repeated infections. The other 2 patients with defective chemotaxis had several febrile episodes most probably of infectious origin, and 1 of them died in sepsis. All of these 3 patients had cutaneous abscesses. It is concluded that defects in neutrophil granulocyte function are not uncommon in preleukaemia and may result in reduced resistance to infection.
The Haemostatic Effect of 51Cr‐Labelled Blood Platelets An Experimental Study in the Rabbit
Authors: Björnson J. , Aursnes I.
Published: August 2010

The haemostatic effect of 51Cr‐labelled platelets was studied in 5 rabbits made thrombocytopenic (35,000/μl blood) by whole body ionizing irradiation. Bleeding times were recorded after standardized cuts on the inner side of the rabbit's ear, a method with an acceptable reproducibility. The animals were then each transfused with concentrates of labelled platelets from 2 healthy donor rabbits. This increased the platelet counts to about 2 times 105/μl blood. Bleeding time values were markably prolonged before transfusion and became normalized when tested 1 and 4 h after transfusion. In 3 control experiments, where unlabelled platelet rich plasma was transfused to thrombocytopenic recipients, a similar shortening of the bleeding time was observed.

It is concluded that 51Cr‐labelled platelets retain haemostatic ability comparable to non‐labelled platelets, when circulating in a recipient animal.
In vitro Detection of Cell‐Mediated Immunity to Antigens Associated with Hodgkin's Granulomas
Authors: Andersen Erik
Published: August 2010

Inhibition of the migration of peripheral blood leucocytes with extracts of homologous spleen granulomas was demonstrated in 2 out of 19 patients with Hodgkin's disease prior to any irradiation or cytostatic therapy. These patients were the only ones in the material classified as stage Ia. Furthermore, leucocyte migration was inhibited in 2 out of 3 patients tested shortly after high voltage irradiation against mantle‐fields. Based on these findings it is concluded that lymphocytes, which are sensitized specifically against components of the granulomas, might occur in Hodgkin patients with restricted involvement of lymph nodes, and probable patients with more widespread disease might regain their specific cell‐mediated immunity after radiotherapy.
Streptokinase Resistance in Medical Patients in Oslo
Authors: Arnesen Harald , Rygh Marie , Ly Bernt , Jakobsen Erling
Published: August 2010

The streptokinase titrated initial dose (TID) was estimated in 312 patients consecutively admitted to a medical department in Oslo. 93 % had a TID below 250,000 IU, 97 % below 425,000 IU and 98.5 % below 650,000 IU. No differences were found between the two sexes. The highest values were found in patients 50–60 years old. Otherwise, no differences were found between different age groups from 10 to 90 years of age. Two patients with extremely high TID values were both anamnestically prone to streptococcal infections.

It is concluded that our standard initial dose of 250,000 IU of streptokinase is sufcient for the great majority of our patients. Pre‐treatment test for TID is recommended only when recent streptococcal infections are suspected.
Compensation for Blood Loss in Plastic Surgery with Ferastral® and Autologous Blood Transfusion
Authors: Ploem J. E. , Bloem J. A. A. M.
Published: August 2010

A study has been made to assess the effect on haematological status of pre‐operative parenteral iron in a operation accompanied by considerable blood loss. Forty‐two patients who were to undergo breast reducing operations were selected for the trial. Patients were divided into three groups: group 1 which received no iron treatment, group 2 which received Ferastral®, 250 mg Fe, 21 days before operation and group 3 which received Ferastral®, 250 mg Fe, 21 days before operation plus an autologous blood transfusion during operation. The blood loss at operation which was estimated to be between 500 and 1 000 ml in 86% of the cases resulted in a decrease in haemoglobin in all groups. On the 14th postoperative day the decrease in Hb was significantly lower in both group 2 and 3 compared to group 1 (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Forty per cent of the patients were anaemic in group 1, 10% in group 2 and 15% in group 3. It is concluded that the need for blood transfusion may be avoided in operations where the blood loss is less than 1 000 ml, provided sufficient iron is available for spontaneous blood replacement to take place.
The Use of Ferastral® in Iron‐deficient, Non‐pregnant Gambian Adults
Authors: Knight R.
Published: August 2010

A new parenteral iron preparation, iron‐poly (sorbitol‐gluconic acid) complex, (Ferastral®) has been evaluated in the treatment of iron‐deficient, non‐pregnant Gambian adults. A total of twenty patients of both sexes were included in the study. The cause of anaemia in the majority of cases was hookworm infection but also other diagnostic categories were present.

Sixteen patients completed their treatment without difficulty.

All patients showed a good initial haematological response. Over the first three weeks the mean daily increments followed a linear trend.

There was a significant inverse correlation between initial haemoglobin concentration and the increment in concentration after three weeks treatment.

Side‐effects were noted in four patients; in two patients it was ascribed to treatment, in two there was concurrent infection.

Parenteral iron therapy is considered to have definite advantages over oral iron in the tropics because of certainty of administration, replenishment of iron stores, and effectiveness when small bowel disease or dietary factors reduce absorption.
Garcia's Disease
Authors: Aranda Eduardo , Dorantes Samuel
Published: August 2010

After a critical study, a splenectomy was performed in a 6‐year‐old boy with chronic thrombocytopenic purpura.

Failure of surgery and immunosuppressive therapy prompted new investigations which led to the discovery of a cyclic thrombocytopenic purpura related to a periodic variation in maturity of megakaryocytes.

The patient's platelets were morphologically and functionally normal and it was not possible to demonstrate neither immunological mechanism, nutritional deficiency, influence of the environment nor consumption or excessive destruction of platelets. Cyclic thrombocytopenia was detected in the father and also cyclic variations in platelet counts from normal values to over 1,000 times 109/1 in 4 of 9 siblings. In view of these findings. The abnormal condition in this family was named Garcia's disease.
Modifications of factor VIII related antigen in hemophiliacs with acute hepatitis and sub‐clinical liver disease
Authors: Sultan Y. , Maisonneuve P. , Simeon J. , Intrator L.
Published: August 2010

Modifications of Factor VIII related antigen (F. VIII R. A.) were investigated in three hemophilic patients during the course of post transfusion hepatitis. F. VIII R. A. was found to be elevated and correlated with the increase of the S.G.P.T. During the acute phase of the disease the Factor VIII related protein was tested for its ristocetin cofactor activity, its electrophoretic mobility on crossed antigen‐antibody electrophoresis and its elution pattern on Sepharose 4B columns; all these properties proved to be abnormal.

Liver function tests and F. VIII R. A. were measured in 36 multitransfused hemophiliacs. There was a significant increase of the F. VIII R. A. in the plasma of patients with abnormal liver function tests. Only a few of the multitransfused hemophiliacs had clinical symptoms of hepatitis, although 72 % had elevated transaminase levels.
DNA Synthesis in Unstimulated Blood Lymphocytes of Patients with Untreated Malignant Lymphomas or Other Malignant Tumors
Authors: Heier Hans Erik , Godal Tore
Published: August 2010

Blood lymphocyte DNA synthesis, as expressed by 24‐h uptake of 3H‐thymidine in culture of mononuclear peripheral blood leucocytes has been recorded prior to treatment in 18 patients with Hodgkin's disease, 11 with non‐leukaemic lymphosarcoma, 13 with reticulosarcoma and 20 with various solid tumors, and compared to 37 normal control subjects. The 3H‐thymidine uptake was significantly increased in all the patient groups, but no significant difference existed between them. Increased uptake of 3H‐thymidine did not appear to correlate with the degree of dissemination in any of the patient groups or with the presence or absence of general symptoms in malignant lymphoma. It is concluded that increased DNA synthesis in peripheral blood lymphocytes is a feature not limited to Hodgkin's disease, but found in non‐Hodgkin malignant lymphomas and other malignancies to about the same extent.
Trisomy 8 in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia: A Non‐Random Event
Authors: Philip Preben , Wantzin Gunhild Lange , Jensen Mogens Krogh , Drivsholm Aage
Published: August 2010

6 cases of AML with a supernumerary chromosome 8 as the only aberration in practically all bone marrow mitoses and 10 cases with a normal chromosome composition of the marrow cells were investigated in order to evaluate the possible influence of trisomy 8 on some clinical and cytokinetic parameters. No significant differences between the groups were found. In our laboratory a supernumerary chromosome 8 is present in 36% of AML cases with chromosomal aberrations.
In Vitro Platelet Stain Preventing (Degranulating) Effect of Various Substances
Authors: Stavem Per , Kjærheim ÅSmund
Published: August 2010

A few years ago a patient, T.L., with metastatic leiomyosarcoma was found to have a serum and tumor factor which caused the granulomere of normal platelets to disappear as seen using light microscopy. The present report describes the effect on platelet granules of several different substances using various anticoagulants. Ultramicroscopy showed in all instances that the platelet stain preventing effect as seen in May‐Grünwald & Giemsa stained films reflected a degranulation. Ultramicroscopy was little better than light microscopy in the differentiation between the mechanisms of the various degranulating substances.

Different conditions such as variation in anticoagulant or combination of anticoagulants, storage at room temperature for 24 h, heating to 56° C for 1 h, on the other hand were very useful methods for differentiating between the various degranulating substances. These methods failed, however, to differentiate between patient T.L.‐serum and patient T.L.‐tumour fraction SSS, probably because the active factor was the same in both.
Increased ATP‐ase Activity of Lymphocytes after Rosette Formation with Sheep Red Blood Cells
Authors: Kragballe Knud , Ellegaard Jørgen
Published: August 2010

In a number of experiments it was demonstrated that in the E‐rosette assay for human T‐lymphocytes using sheep red blood cells, the ATP‐ase activity of the lymphocytes increased in proportion to the number of rosettes being formed. Also, after increasing the number of rosettes by treatment of the sheep red blood cells (SRBC) with neuraminidase and after diminishing the number of rosettes by treatment of the lymphocytes with antilymphocyte globulin (ALG), change in the ATP‐ase activity was proportional to alterations in the number of rosettes being formed. ALG itself stimulated the lymphocyte ATP‐ase activity, possibly through activation of the same receptor sites as used by SRBC.
Comparison of Biochemical Properties of Human Serum B12 Binders Derived from Sephadex and DEAE‐Cellulose Chromatography
Authors: Kumar Sudhir , Meyer Leo M. , Gams Richard A.
Published: August 2010

Vitamin B12 binding proteins were separated into 2 peaks corresponding to small (TCS) and large (TCL) molecular weight fractions by gel‐filtration on Sephadex G‐200 using 0.005 M‐sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4 containing 1 M‐NaCl. Each peak, after dialysis and concentration, was chromatographed on DEAE‐cellulose. 3 peaks of radioactivity were recovered from both TCS and TCL. Peaks from TCS had an apparent mol. wt. of about 40,000 and those from TCL about 110,000, as determined by gel‐filtration on Sephadex G‐200. On electrophoresis, peaks eluted with 0.06 M‐phosphate buffer, pH 5.85 from both TCS and TCL moved as β‐globulins; those eluted with 0.1 M buffer, pH 5.8 between β‐ and α2‐globulin and those eluted with 0.25 M buffer, pH 5.4 between α1‐ and α2‐globulin. In our assay system, TCS delivered 57CoB12 to L‐1210 leukaemic lymphoblasts while TCL had no such activity. Of the 6 binders from DEAE‐cellulose, only peaks eluted with 0.06 M and 0.1 M buffers from TCS delivered labelled B12 to these cells. Antisera prepared against TC II B12 reacted only with TC II B12 from serum, TCS, and fractions D and E obtained from TCS which were eluted with 0.06 and 0.1 M buffers, respectively.
Resistance to Activated F IX Concentrate (FEIBA)
Authors: Stenbjerg Stener , Jørgensen Jan
Published: August 2010

A 10‐year‐old haemophiliac with an inhibitor to Factor VIII was treated by repeated infusions of an activated Factor IX concentrate (FEIBA). During therapy the patient was monitored with extensive coagulation studies, and the initial effect of FEIBA on the whole blood coagulation time was seen to disappear in spite of increased doses of concentrate. A fall in Factor IX activity and a rise of antithrombin III and anti‐Factor Xa was recorded, while the titer of anti‐F VIII remained unchanged. The exact nature of this FEIBA‐resistant state was not revealed, however, it was speculated that a rise of natural inhibitors of the coagulation system could explain the findings.
Acquired Stomatocytosis: Its Prevalence and Significance in Routine Haematology
Authors: Davidson R. J. , How J. , Lessels Susan
Published: August 2010

100 patients showing a significant number of stomatocytes were identified from the microscopic examination of 4291 peripheral blood films. The distinctive red cell appearance was most commonly found in patients with neoplastic, cardiovascular or hepatobiliary disease including acute alcoholism and during therapy with certain drugs some of which are known to be stomatocytogenic in vitro.
Polycythaemia and Erythropoietin Producing Uterine Fibromyoma
Authors: Naets J. P. , Wittek M. , Delwiche F. , Kram I.
Published: August 2010

A case of polycythaemia secondary to uterine fibromyoma is reported. Polycythaemia disappeared after hysterectomy. Erythropoietic activity was detected in the cyst fluid of the tumour. Plasma and urine contained no erythropoietic factor. Polycythaemia was related to erythropoietinlike material produced by the tumour.
The Influence of Age, Sex, and the Use of Oral Contraceptives on the Inhibitory Effects of Endothelial Cells and PGI2 (Prostacyclin) on Platelet Function
Authors: Nordøy Arne , Svensson Birgit , Haycraft Donna , Hoak John C. , Wiebe Donald
Published: August 2010

The inhibitory effects of human endothelial cells (ECM) and PGI2 (prostacyclin) on platelet function have been examined in 60 healthy subjects. 5 groups were studied. I. 10 women (19–33 yrs.); II. 10 women (21–31 yrs.) using combined oral contraceptives; III. 10 postmenopausal women (45–66 yrs.); IV. 20 men (24–48 yrs.) and V. 10 men (48–71 yrs.).

Spontaneous platelet aggregation in platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) was commonly observed in groups II, III, and V. This was prevented when PRP was incubated with ECM, aspirin (ASA), or PGI2. ADP‐induced platelet aggregation (PA) was always reduced by ECM, but significantly less in groups II and III. Collagen‐induced PA was inhibited by ECM, but less in groups I, II, III and V than in young men (IV). ECM significantly reduced collagen‐induced prostaglandin (MDA) production in platelets. Again, the inhibitory effect was significantly reduced in groups II and III. Platelet factor 3 activity, measured after exposure of PRP to ADP, was significantly reduced by ECM, but was significantly less in groups II, III, and V than in group I. Less of an inhibitory effect of PGI2 upon ADP‐induced PA was shown by all groups of females than by the two groups of males.
Bone Marrow Studies in Myelomatosis
Authors: Hansen Ole Paaske
Published: August 2010

The percentage of fat‐cell areas in bone marrow particles from 22 patients with untreated myelomatosis was estimated. In only 1 patient was the mean fat cell area below 25 % of the bone marrow area measured. A negative correlation was found between the area of fat cells and plasma cells, indicating a displacement of the fat cell area by the plasma cells.

28 % of the patients had empty bone marrow deposits of iron. However, based on a normal iron saturation of S‐transferrin and a normal sideroblast count in the bone marrow, the supply of iron to the erythropoiesis was considered sufficient. All patients but one had normoblastic bone marrows. Using a deoxyuridine suppression test in 10 patients, no biochemical defect could be demonstrated. To judge from the correlation coefficient a minor degree (9–14 %) of the variation in Hb values could be predicted from the cellularity in the bone marrow while a major degree (70 %) could be predicted from the renal glomerular filtration rate. The results do not support a displacement of blood‐forming elements, iron deficiency, vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency to be of general significance in the pathogenesis of anaemia, but agrees with a causal relationship between anaemia and renal failure.
The Value of Preoperative Haemostatic Screening
Authors: Eika C. , Havig Ø. , Godal H. C.
Published: August 2010

The value of preoperative haemostatic screening tests in prediction of surgical bleeding was examined in 101 patients, mainly with abdominal and thyroid lesions. The study demonstrated complete lack of correlation between the preoperative evaluation of bleeding risk and the observed surgical bleeding (X2 test P ∼ 0.85).
Detection of Monoclonal B Lymphocytes in Multiple Myeloma by Immunofluorescence Tests of Surface Immunoglobulins
Authors: Sato Isao , Abo Toru , Onodera Seiju , Kumagai Katsuo
Published: August 2010

Peripheral blood lymphocytes of 16 patients with secretory type of multiple myeloma and 5 with nonmyelomatous monoclonal gammopathy were investigated for the surface immunoglobulins on the cell by immunofluorescence. A low pH shock of cells before staining was applied to dissociate the passively adsorbed immunoglobulins present on the cell surface. Increases of B lymphocytes bearing surface immunoglobulins which have the same light chains as those of monoclonal immunoglobulins produced by the plasma cells were found in 5 of 11 common secretory myeloma patients and in all of 6 Bence‐Jones myeloma patients. Ratios of cells bearing light chains of k‐ and λ‐types (k/λ) appeared abnormal in almost all with an exception of only 3 cases of myeloma patients, even in the cases where the number of Ig‐bearing cells did not increase. Increases of possible monoclonal B cells bearing IgG, in addition to IgA cells, were observed in some patients with IgA myeloma. Increases of B cells bearing certain heavy chains were also observed in all 5 patients with Bence‐Jones myeloma during the course of disease. No abnormalities of B cells bearing surface immunoglobulin were found in nonmyelomatous monoclonal gammopathy. These results suggest that proliferation of monoclonal B lymphocytes, which may be progenitors to the malignant plasma cells, occurs in a majority of myeloma patients, but not in nonmyelomatous monoclonal gammopathy.
Transplantation of Bone Marrow Cells to Lethally Irradiated Mice
Authors: Viktora L. , Fiala J. , Hermanová E.
Published: August 2010

Morphological time‐dependent post‐transplantation changes in haemopoiesis of the spleen and bone marrow of lethally irradiated mice were followed. The description is presented of developmental changes, their time‐dependence and different character of haemopoiesis restoration in the spleen and bone marrow.
Erythrophagocytosis by Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemic Cells
Authors: Foadi Minou D. , Slater Angela M. , Pegrum G. D.
Published: August 2010

Phagocytosis of erythrocytes and platelets by bone marrow blast cells has been noted in 4 patients in the late relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). The underlying mechanism is unclear but prolonged course of the disease seems to be a major factor in the emergence of cells with phagocytic properties.
Isozymes of Amino Acid Naphthylamidase in Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia and Erythroleukaemia
Authors: Sinna G. Abu , Lenner P. , Lundgren E. , Roos G.
Published: August 2010

Isozymes of amino acid naphthylamidase were investigated in 11 patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) and 1 patient with erythroleukaemia. Two isozymes were found in all cases (isozymes A and C) which also occur in normal granulocytes. An isozyme with intermediate mobility appeared in all the patients in two main forms (isozymes BF and BS), which both differed from the isozyme B found in normal granulocytes. This may therefore support the diagnosis. In 3 patients a shift occurred between isozymes BF and BS, the possible significance of which is discussed.
Activation of Complement by Stroma from Normal and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Haemoglobinuria Red Cells
Authors: De Sandre G. , Corrocher R. , Falezza G. C. , Aprili G. , Caffi S.
Published: August 2010

Stroma from normal, AET‐treated and PNH red cells and their KCl‐extracts (partially purified on Sephadex G‐200) are able to trigger the activation of the alternative complement pathway. This fact has been demonstrated by:

— the lysis of PNH cells incubated in serum treated with stroma from normal or PNH‐RBC or with their extracts; the addition of Mg2+ or Ca2+ or of their chela‐tors (EDTA, EGTA) to the extract‐treated serum enhances or abolishes the lysis

— the reduction of complement activity in fresh serum incubated for 60' with PNH‐ extract

— the appearance of C3 breakdown products in serum incubated with PNH‐extract, demonstrated by crossed immunoelectrophoresis.

In contrast, the same stroma (or extract) inhibits the sucrose lysis test, in which the lysis takes place through the classical complement pathway. No differences on the complement activation were observed between PNH and normal RBC stroma and between their chromatographic extracts.

These findings may suggest the possible role of diurnal variation of Mg2+ and Ca2+ concentration in precipitating haemolytic attacks and the possibility that small amount of circulating red cell stroma might maintain the haemolysis of PNH RBC.
Cytochemistry of Marrow and Extramedullary Adipocytes in Monolayer Cultures
Authors: Tavassoli Mehdi
Published: August 2010

The behavior of isolated, disaggregated white adipose cells obtained from marrow and extramedullary sites in the rabbit was compared in monolayer cultures. Both cell types transform within 2 weeks into fibroblast‐like cells which can be maintained in subcultures. Both in freshly isolated state and in fibroblast‐like state the marrow adipocyte contains esterase activities reacting with naphthol AS acetate and D‐chlor‐acetate. These activities are not present in extramedullary cells. In addition, α‐naphthyl butyrate‐reacting esterase, present in both cell types, is fluoride‐resistant in marrow adipocytes but labile in extramedullary cells. These differences are consistent with heterogeneity of white adipose tissue and suggest different potentials for marrow and extramedullary adipocytes.
Surface Immunoglobulin of Human Lymphocytes
Authors: Ito Suiko , Hattori Akira , Ito Seiki , Ihzumi Toshio , Sanada Masayoshi , Matsuoka Matsuzo
Published: August 2010

Using ferritin as surface marker, the localization of the surface immunoglobulin (Ig) was studied on peripheral lymphocytes from normal human individuals and patients with macroglobulinaemia Waldenström by scanning immunoelectron microscopy. Normal IgG‐, IgM‐lymphocytes and pathological IgM‐lymphocytes were then compared with regard to their topographical differences.

In all cells examined, IgG‐ and IgM‐conjugated ferritin particles were detected all over the cell surface, but the distribution of the former on the normal IgG‐lymphocytes was slightly more diffuse than that of the latter on the normal and pathological IgM‐lymphocytes. Furthermore, in the pathological IgM‐lymphocytes, the clustered IgM‐conjugated ferritin particles were found in great number on the microvilli.

Normal IgG‐lymphocytes were almost always characterized by short rod‐like microvilli standing densely and vertically on the cell surface. Some of normal IgM‐lymphocytes had a similar appearance to those of normal IgG‐lymphocytes (type A) but others (type B) had tilted rod‐like microvilli or wide plate‐like processes on their surface.

As for IgM‐lymphocytes of macroglobulinaemia, most lymphocytes had tilted rod‐like microvilli and wide plate‐like processes similar to type B, whereas a minor population of the pathological lymphocytes carried long, thin rod‐like microvilli standing vertically on the surface.
Myelomatosis Terminating in Acute Myelogenic Leukaemia
Authors: Jæger Steinar
Published: August 2010

A case of acute myelogenic leukaemia developing after 7 months treatment with alkylating agents for multiple myeloma is reported. The patient was also given irradiation for an expansive process in the thoracic column. By immunofluorescence staining of the bone marrow cells there was no evidence for production of pathological globulins in the blast cells, while the plasma cells contained IgA, kappa.
Trisomy of 1q in Preleukaemia with Progression to Acute Leukaemia
Authors: Najfeld Vesna , Singer Jack V. , James Melody C. , Fialkow Philip J.
Published: August 2010

Marrow cells from an untreated man with preleukaemia were found to have trisomy for the long arm of chromosome 1 which was translocated to the end of the long arm of number 11, i.e., 46, XY, ‐11, +t (1:11) (q11 or q12; q25). The same abnormality was found in metaphases from 8 individual granulocytic colonies. With development of acute myelomonocytic leukaemia, in addition to the basic chromosome abnormality, trisomy of chromosome 8 and an extra chromosome number 19 with partial deletion were found. Fibroblasts grown from marrow biopsy material showed a normal diploid complement, 46, XY.
Intracellular Localization of 55Fe after Serum‐Mediated Uptake by Human Erythropoietic Cells
Authors: Wickramasinghe S. N. , Hughes Madeleine
Published: August 2010

Marrow cells of 3 patients with normoblastic erythropoiesis and 1 with sideroblastic erythropoiesis were incubated with serum‐bound 55Fe Cl3 and studied by the technique of electron microscope autoradiography. In the 3 normoblastic marrows, both the mean grain counts and the percentages of grains situated over the cytoplasm (excluding the mitochondria) were higher in the early erythroblasts than in the intermediate and late erythroblasts. The percentages of autoradiographic grains situated over the mitochondria of early, intermediate and late erythroblasts were 11.9–27.4, 56.5–61.1 and 65.3–65.9, respectively. Although the mean grain counts over these three cell classes in the sideroblastic marrow were similar to those in the normoblastic marrows, the proportions of grains over the mitochondria were higher, particularly in the early erythroblasts. In all 4 cases (1) some grains were situated at the junction between heterochromatin and euchromatin and (2) a few of the 55Fe‐labelled immature‐looking cells did not display the ultrastructural features usually attributed to pronormoblasts.
Cytogenetic Remission in a Ph1‐Positive Case of Chronic Myelogenous Leukaemia
Authors: Zago M. A. , Costa F. F. , Bottura C.
Published: August 2010

Unusual cytogenetic findings in a case of chronic myelogenous leukaemia in the course of an aplastic crisis induced by busulfan therapy are reported. The proportion of Ph1‐positive cells in bone marrow aspirates fell from 100 % before treatment to 8.6 % following aplasia. It increased gradually during recovery, and normal cells still represented 25.7 % of the metaphases 20 months later. After a 38‐months' remission without therapy the disease relapsed and the Ph1 chromosome was found in 100 % of the bone marrow cells.
Heat Production by Lymphocytes in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia
Authors: Brandt L. , Ikomi‐Kumm J. , Monti M. , Wadsö I.
Published: August 2010

Using microcalorimeters of the thermopile conduction type heat production was measured in lymphocytes from peripheral blood in 8 normals and 10 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). The heat production per CLL lymphocyte was lower (1. 8 pW/cell) than that found in normal lymphocytes (2. 6 pW/cell). Due to the high numbers of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood the estimated heat production of the intravascular lymphocyte pool in CLL was considerably higher than in normals. Since the circulating lymphocytes constitute a minute fraction of the total lymphoid mass in CLL it is suggested that the accumulation of metabolically active lymphocytes in blood and tissues may explain the common clinical signs of hypermetabolism in this disease. The results also indicate that calorimetry may be a useful technique for metabolic studies in suspensions of malignant cells.
A New Pre‐Irradiation Conditioning Regimen Which Protects Against Radiation Injury and Facilitates Engraftment of Xenogeneic Bone Marrow
Authors: Pierpaoli Walter , Maestroni Georges J. M.
Published: August 2010

Administration of a large number of xenogeneic (rat) bone marrow cells before lethal, total body irradiation in mice (preconditioning regimen) results in powerful protection from radiation damage, remarkable prolongation of their survival, facilitation of marrow engraftment and induction of rat chimerism. This protective effect is not exerted by thymus or spleen cells and does not depend on specific immune mechanisms. The preconditioning regimen is more efficient when the bone marrow cells are viable and when the cells are inoculated intravenously a few hours before irradiation.
Incidence of ‘Dry Tap’ on Bone Marrow Aspirations in Lymphomas and Carcinomas
Authors: Engeset A. , Nesheim A. , Sokolowski J.
Published: August 2010

Of 2 907 bone marrow aspirations in patients with various malignancies, 192 or 6.6 % exhibited ‘dry tap’. In about 80 % of the ‘dry tap’ there was material present inside the bone marrow needle which gave smears useful for evaluation of the bone marrow cytology. About 23 % displayed normal cytology. Bone marrow involvement could be diagnosed in 13 out of 55 ‘dry tap’ in Hodgkin's disease, 41 out of 46 in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and lymphosarcoma, 6 out of 20 in reticulum cell sarcoma, 6 out of 9 in myelomatosis and 20 out of 45 in carcinoma. In a material of 174 aspirations with tumour cells in the bone marrow aspirate, the highest incidence of ‘dry tap’ was found in patients with Hodgkin's disease and patients with carcinoma, the lowest incidence in patients with multiple myeloma.
Erythropoietin in Patients with Anaemia in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Pavlović‐Kentera V. , Ruvidić R. , Milenković P. , Marinković D.
Published: August 2010

Iron status and erythropoietin (Ep) level in serum and urine were determined in 30 patients with anaemia in rheumatoid arthritis. The anaemia in these patients was mild and fulfilled the criteria for anaemia of chronic disorders. The iron status of these patients differed from the iron status in patients with sideropenic anaemia. Serum Ep level, measured indirectly by the polycythaemic mouse bioassay, was either not detected or when detected it did not correspond to the degree of anaemia. The data suggest that the failure to produce sufficient amount of Ep, among other causes, could be important in the pathogenesis of anaemia in rheumatoid arthritis.
Familial Erythrocytosis
Authors: Howarth Catherine , Chanarin I. , Janowska‐Wieczorek Anna , Napier J. A. F.
Published: August 2010

Erythrocytosis was found in 3 generations of an English family. The red cell mass was only moderately increased in some of the affected members but was accompanied by an unusually low plasma volume. Oxygen affinity of Hb was normal. Changes in serum and urinary erythropoietin showed an essentially normal pattern throughout a series of venesections. Venesection produced some transient clinical benefit in the older patient but there was no obvious change in the younger ones.
Serum Lipoproteins in Children with Anaemia
Authors: Skrede Sverre , Seip Martin
Published: August 2010

Plasma and erythrocyte lipids were estimated in 9 children with different types of anaemia and in 9 healthy control children. The anaemic children had rather high plasma triglycerides, but low total cholesterol and phospholipids. The levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were particularly low, with a mean of only 70% of the controls. A positive correlation was found for haematocrit with HDL cholesterol, but not with low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Plasma albumin was at the same level in both groups of children, however, suggesting that the diluting effect of increase in plasma volume could only partly explain the lowering of HDL cholesterol.

A striking, inverse correlation between HDL cholesterol and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglycerides was present in the anaemic children. Anaemia in children adds to previously recognized pathophysiological conditions which induce inversely interrelated changes in HDL and VLDL.