bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mammalian Value Systems
Authors: Sarma Gopal P. , Hay Nick J.
Published: July 2018

Characterizing human values is a topic deeply interwoven with the sciences, humanities, political philosophy, art, and many other human endeavors. In recent years, a number of thinkers have argued that accelerating trends in computer science, cognitive science, and related disciplines foreshadow the creation of intelligent machines which meet and ultimately surpass the cognitive abilities of human beings, thereby entangling an understanding of human values with future technological development. Contemporary research accomplishments suggest increasingly sophisticated AI systems becoming widespread and responsible for managing many aspects of the modern world, from preemptively planning users' travel schedules and logistics, to fully autonomous vehicles, to domestic robots assisting in daily living. The extrapolation of these trends has been most forcefully described in the context of a hypothetical "intelligence explosion," in which the capabilities of an intelligent software agent would rapidly increase due to the presence of feedback loops unavailable to biological organisms. The possibility of superintelligent agents, or simply the widespread deployment of sophisticated, autonomous AI systems, highlights an important theoretical problem: the need to separate the cognitive and rational capacities of an agent from the fundamental goal structure, or value system, which constrains and guides the agent's actions. The "value alignment problem" is to specify a goal structure for autonomous agents compatible with human values. In this brief article, we suggest that ideas from affective neuroscience and related disciplines aimed at characterizing neurological and behavioral universals in the mammalian class provide important conceptual foundations relevant to describing human values. We argue that the notion of "mammalian value systems" points to a potential avenue for fundamental research in AI safety and AI ethics.
Secondary Observer Effects: Idiosyncratic Errors in Small-N Secondary Data Analysis
Authors: Breznau Nate
Published: July 2018

In this paper I extend the concept of observer effect to the realm of secondary data analysis. When analyzing what appear to be the same secondary data utilizing the same methods, macro-comparative researchers arrive at different results. I argue that this is a product of idiosyncratic variation directly or indirectly produced by the researcher. Even when this bias produces only small perturbations in interpretation or results, the consequences may be large for small-N analyses. Using an influential study by Brooks and Manza I analyze this secondary observer effect. Two replications of the practice of compiling seemingly identical secondary datasets produced variation. Reanalysis of the divergent values in these datasets and a second look at the original tables produces similar but not identical results. A rough calculation of the size of the secondary observer effect suggests that about a 0.32 standardized standard deviations across variable scores. Simulations of this size of secondary observer effect show that significant changes in findings occur.
Jute eSSR marker and database
Authors: Saha Dipnarayan
Published: July 2018

Corchorus capsularis (white jute) and C. olitorius (dark jute) are the two principal cultivated species of jute that produce natural bast fiber of commercial importance. We have identified 4509 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci from 34,163 unigene sequences of C. capsularis to develop a non-redundant set of 2079 flanking primer pairs. Among the SSRs, trinucleotide repeats were most frequent (60%) followed by dinucleotide repeats (37.6%). Annotation of the SSR-containing unigenes revealed their putative functions in various biological and molecular processes, including responses to biotic and abiotic signals. Eighteen expressed gene-derived SSR (eSSR) markers were successfully mapped to the existing single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) linkage map of jute, providing additional anchor points. Amplification of 72% of the 74 randomly selected primer pairs was successful in a panel of 24 jute accessions, comprising five and twelve accessions of C. capsularis and C. olitorius, respectively, and seven wild jute species. Forty-three primer pairs produced an average of 2.7 alleles and 58.1% polymorphism in a panel of 24 jute accessions. The mean PIC value was 0.34 but some markers showed PIC values higher than 0.5, suggesting that these markers can efficiently measure genetic diversity and serve for mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in jute. A primer polymorphism survey with parents of a wide-hybridized population between a cultivated jute and its wild relative revealed their efficacy for interspecific hybrid identification. For ready accessibility of jute eSSR primers, we compiled all information in a user-friendly web database, JuteMarkerdb (http://jutemarkerdb.icar.gov.in/) for the first time in jute. This eSSR resource in jute is expected to be of use in characterization of germplasm, interspecific hybrid and variety identification, and marker-assisted breeding of superior-quality jute.
Connecting Real and Imaginary Places through Geospatial Technologies: Examples from Set-Jetting and Art-Oriented Tourism
Authors: Joliveau Thierry
Published: July 2018

International audience
Are fluctuations in personality states more than fluctuations in affect?
Authors: Wilson Robert Edmund , Thompson Renee J. , Vazire Simine
Published: July 2018

People fluctuate in their behavior as they go about their daily lives, but little is known about the processes underlying these fluctuations. In two ecological momentary assessment studies (Ns = 124, 415), we examined the extent to which negative and positive affect accounted for the within-person variance in Big Five states. Participants were prompted six times a day over six days (Study 1) or four times a day over two weeks (Study 2) to report their recent thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Multilevel modeling results indicated that negative and positive affect account for most, but not all, of the within-person variance in personality states. Importantly, situation variables predicted variance in some personality states even after accounting for fluctuations in affect, indicating that fluctuations in personality states may be more than fluctuations in state affect.
Keunggulan Kompetitif Kelompok Pedagang Sektor Informal Pendatang
Authors: ARISTO Jurnal , Santoso Slamet
Published: July 2018

This study aims to to understand and illustrating the effort to encourage school a competitive advantage well as to the vendors angkringan order to be able to maintain a venture thus being able to compete in the city of ponorogo. Was used in the study a qualitative approach was adopted by applying a technique purposive the sampling method of as the determination of the subject matter of the research. The technique of an excavation data using in depth interviews and observation. While the technique of of the data analysis use the model interactive. The research results show that 1). a group of traders both jews and the proselytes angkringan in the city of ponorogo it is able to defend and develop their business; 2). their ability in of maintaining and developing its business caused by existence of the superiority and dominion of maintained the company competitiveness in government in their efforts to arab nations as a bloc; 3). a competitive edge of which there are applied with the value of the belief or joined as regards allah religion will try to get away and value of please the power to do anything help each other out local community and is developing in the group historically traders angkringan; and 4). the value of the community’s trust and the value of help one another are not limited to financial problems or business capital, but in the form of information important about business opportunities, help residence, and scouted for permission to occupy a location strategic to venture angkringan in the city ponorogo.
Volume 5, No.2, April 2016 Issue Leadership Strategy To Enhance Islamic Education Quality: A Single Case Study at Darush-sholihin Boarding Schools in Nganjuk, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Suyitno
Published: July 2018

This is a single case study aiming at describing the implementation of leadership, the leadership behavior, and the implementation of participative decision making at Darush-sholihin Boarding School in Nganjuk, East Java, Indonesia. This descriptive qualitative research used participative observation, interview, and documentation. The interactive analysis as advised by Huberman (1992) was employed. This research concluded that the leadership implementation consisted of enhancing the staffs and teachers professionalism and the academic and non academic achievements of the students. The leadership behaviour turned to be the tendency to benchmark, to conduct leaders and teachers discussions, to grow ruchul jihad, to promote reading habits, to promote partnership with parents and related parties, and to give continuous motivation. The decision making turned out to involve principals, staffs, teachers, and the community.
A Smart Approach for Matching, Learning and Querying Information from the Human Resources Domain
Authors: Martinez-Gil Jorge , Paoletti Alejandra Lorena , Schewe Klaus-Dieter
Published: July 2018

We face the complex problem of timely, accurate and mutually satisfactory mediation between job offers and suitable applicant profiles by means of semantic processing techniques. In fact, this problem has become a major challenge for all public and private recruitment agencies around the world as well as for employers and job seekers. It is widely agreed that smart algorithms for automatically matching, learning, and querying job offers and candidate profiles will provide a key technology of high importance and impact and will help to counter the lack of skilled labor and/or appropriate job positions for unemployed people. Additionally, such a framework can support global matching aiming at finding an optimal allocation of job seekers to available jobs, which is relevant for independent employment agencies, e.g. in order to reduce unemployment.
Psyoping Hezbollah: The Israeli Psychological Warfare Campaign During the 2006 Lebanon War
Authors: Schleifer Ron
Published: July 2018

The 2006 War between Israel and Hezbollah had a significant component ofPSYOP. For the first time in its military history Israel deployed PSYOP as an inseparablepart of its military operations. The performance of the PSYOP unit was lessthan satisfactory due to organizational factors and the general conduct of the waritself. This article analyzes the goals, the themes, and the delivery channels usedthroughout the PSYOP campaign. An attempt is made to answer the key questionof whether this effort was effective.Keywords 2006 Lebanon War, Hezbollah, Israel, PSYOPIntroduction
Affective contingencies in the affiliative domain: Physiological assessment, associations with the affiliation motive, and prediction of behavior
Authors: Dufner Michael , Arslan Ruben C. , Hagemeyer Birk , Schönbrodt Felix D. , Denissen Jaap J. A.
Published: July 2018

According to classical motive disposition theory, individuals differ in their propensity to derive pleasure from affiliative experiences. This propensity is considered a core process underlying the affiliation motive and a pervasive cause of motivated behavior. In this study, we tested These assumptions. We presented participants with positive affiliative stimuli and used electromyography (EMG) to record changes in facial muscular activity that are indicative of subtle smiling. We were thus able to physiologically measure positive affect following affiliative cues. Individual differences in these affective contingencies were internally consistent and temporally stable. They converged with affiliation motive self- and informant-reports, and picture story exercise (PSE) scores, indicating that they are partly accessible to the self, observable to outsiders and overlap with implicit systems. Finally, they predicted affiliative behavior in terms of situation selection and modification across a wide variety of contexts (i.e., in daily life, the laboratory, and an online social network). These findings corroborate the long-held assumption that affective contingencies represent a motivational core aspect of Affiliation.
Pengembangan Pembangkit Listrik Tersebar Energi Baru Terbarukan dan Konversi Energi
Authors: Najmurrokhman Asep , Fakhri Zul , Reza Muhamad
Published: July 2018

Post printMakalah ini telah dipresentasikan dalam Seminar Nasional Forum Program Studi Teknik Elektro Indonesia (FORTEI), Gorontalo, 18-21 Oktober 2017.Dipicu oleh berkembangnya kesadaran masyarakat akan pembangkitan energi listrik yang ramah lingkungan, berkembanglah teknologi pembangkit listrik tersebar skala kecil dan titik berat pada pemanfaatan pembangkit listrik kecil Energi Baru Terbarukan dan Konversi Energi (EBTKE) yang langsung terhubung ke jaringan distribusi. Untuk mengantisipai masalah yang muncul dari berkembangnya teknologi ini, terutama di Indonesia, Jurusan Teknik Elektro Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani (Unjani) membuat pengembangan penelitian Pembangkit Listrik Tersebar Tenaga EBTKE Skala Kecil yang kemudian dipresentasikan di makalah ini.
RCD: Rapid Close to Deadline Scheduling for datacenter networks
Authors: Noormohammadpour Max , Raghavendra Cauligi S. , Rao Sriram , Madni Asad M.
Published: July 2018

Datacenter-based Cloud Computing services provide a flexible, scalable and yet economical infrastructure to host online services such as multimedia streaming, email and bulk storage. Many such services perform geo-replication to provide necessary quality of service and reliability to users resulting in frequent large inter-datacenter transfers. In order to meet tenant service level agreements (SLAs), these transfers have to be completed prior to a deadline. In addition, WAN resources are quite scarce and costly, meaning they should be fully utilized. Several recently proposed schemes, such as B4 [1], TEMPUS [2], and SWAN [3] have focused on improving the utilization of inter-datacenter transfers through centralized scheduling, however, they fail to provide a mechanism to guarantee that admitted requests meet their deadlines. Also, in a recent study, authors propose Amoeba [4], a system that allows tenants to define deadlines and guarantees that the specified deadlines are met, however, to admit new traffic, the proposed system has to modify the allocation of already admitted transfers. In this paper, we propose Rapid Close to Deadline Scheduling (RCD), a close to deadline traffic allocation technique that is fast and efficient. Through simulations, we show that RCD is up to 15 times faster than Amoeba, provides high link utilization along with deadline guarantees, and is able to make quick decisions on whether a new request can be fully satisfied before its deadline.
An instance of presyncope during magnetic stimulation of the median nerve, and instances of presyncope and syncope during evaluation of resting motor threshold with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
Authors: Reader Arran T , Tamè Luigi , Zeni Silvia , Holmes Nicholas Paul
Published: July 2018

We report three MS-related events that occurred at the Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, University of Reading, Reading, and the School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, both in the UK.
Nanotextured phase coexistence in the correlated insulator V2O3
Authors: McLeod A. S. , van Heumen E. , Ramirez J. G. , Wang S. , Saerbeck T. , Guenon S. , Goldflam M. , Anderegg L. , Kelly P. , Mueller A. , Liu M. K. , Schuller Ivan K. , Basov D. N.
Published: July 2018

The insulator–metal transition remains among the most studied phenomena in correlated electron physics. However, the spontaneous formation of spatial patterns amidst insulator–metal phase coexistence remains poorly explored on the meso- and nanoscales. Here we present real-space evolution of the insulator–metal transition in a V2O3 thin film imaged at high spatial resolution by cryogenic near-field infrared microscopy. We resolve spontaneously nanotextured coexistence of metal and correlated Mott insulator phases near the insulator–metal transition (~160–180 K) associated with percolation and an underlying structural phase transition. Augmented with macroscopic temperature-resolved X-ray di raction measurements of the same film, a quantitative analysis of nano-infrared images acquired across the transition suggests decoupling of electronic and structural transformations. Persistent low-temperature metallicity is accompanied by unconventional critical behaviour, implicating the long-range Coulomb interaction as a driving force through the film’s first-order insulator–metal transition.
Diction on The Mother Tongue for Character Building in Early Childhood
Authors: Fahmi Royan Nur , Rangka Itsar Bolo , Rufaidah Anna , Fijriani Fijriani , Folastri Sisca , Miskanik Miskanik
Published: July 2018

Character is a distinguishing factor between individuals with one another. Positive characters reflect a positive person, and vice versa. Early childhood is the mostimportant phase in character building efforts. Character formation has several influencing factors, including the parent factor. Parents become a very important factor because through parents is a child at an early age will know, acquire and learn the first language or known as the mother tongue. Through themother tongue, parents will try to shape the character of his son to be a child with a positive character. The proper use of diction in mother tongue becomes very important because proper selection of words / diction will give precise suggestions.Language has the ability to form the character of the child because the vocabulary contained in the Indonesian language has a positive taste value will cause the impact of positive suggestions, and vice versa.
Can being scared make your tummy ache? Naive theories, ambiguous evidence and preschoolers’ causal inferences
Authors: Schulz Laura , Bonawitz Elizabeth , Griffiths Tom
Published: July 2018

Causal learning requires integrating constraints provided by domain-specific theorieswith domain-general statistical learning. In order to investigate the interaction between these factors, preschoolers were presented with stories pitting their existing theories against statistical evidence. Each child heard two stories in which two candidate causes co-occurred with an effect. Evidence was presented in the form: ABàE, ACàE, AD àE, etc. In one story, all variables came from the same domain; in the other, the recurring candidate cause, A, came from a different domain (A was a psychological cause of a biological effect). After receiving this statistical evidence, children were asked to identify the cause of the effect on a new trial. Consistent with the predictions of a Bayesian model, all children were more likely to identify A as the cause within domains than across domains. While three-and-half-year-olds learned only from the within- domain evidence, four- and five-year-olds learned from the cross-domain evidence and were able to transfer their new expectations about psychosomatic causality to a novel task.
New political economies of film distribution for South Africa’s townships? The ReaGilè concept
Authors: Mboti Nyasha
Published: July 2018

ReaGilès are pre-fabricated, self-contained, education and entertainment complexes situated on 400m² sites at local schools or public open spaces consisting of a 60-seat cinema, 30- seat computer and Internet facility, community care and policing centre. These complexes are intended to service historically underserviced peri-urban black dormitory townships of South Africa and to help create jobs, especially amongst the youth, women and the disabled. The ReaGilè concept, on roll-out, has the potential to revolutionise exhibition and distribution in local film industries in ways mirroring the ground-breaking Nollywood straight-to-DVD model. The article discusses the potential of the ReaGilè concept to offer solutions to the twincrises of 1) representation stemming from existing film distribution networks that limit microbudget filmmakers, and 2) of government departments and local municipalities’ tendency towards dividing practices that objectivise the subject through frustrating development via delays, paperwork, never-ending meetings, fees, endless formalities and legalities, and red tape. The authors posit that ReaGilè has the potential to creatively disrupt and redesign formal distribution models and to fracture the narrow modernisation paradigm they deploy, replacing them with a responsive communication re/ordering and flexible distribution that restore subjectivity to the disenfranchised South African subject (the filmmaker and audience from the township).
Measuring verbal working memory capacity: A reading span task for laboratory and web-based use
Authors: Klaus Jana , Schriefers Herbert
Published: July 2018

ALL MATERIALS CAN BE FOUND ON GITHUB: https://github.com/janakl4us/workingmemory || Typically, working memory (WM) capacity as a source of individual differences is assessed by complex span tasks which combine a processing and a storage task. However, there are no standardized open-source versions, and the tasks that are used are not easily comparable. We introduce a browser-based version of the reading span task, which yielded normally distributed recall performance scores. Next, we provide a within-participant comparison of this task to two other complex span tasks. Finally, we introduce a web-based version of the reading span task. WM scores were comparable to those obtained in the laboratory, but web participants were also faster and made more mistakes in the processing task. We conclude that the task introduced here is an adequate way to measure verbal WM capacity in the laboratory. In addition, it may prove to be a useful, time-efficient online tool, for instance to extract extreme groups from a larger sample.
Attachment dynamics in a virtual world
Authors: Schönbrodt Felix D. , Asendorpf Jens B.
Published: July 2018

The study investigated the transfer of attachment working models onto autonomous agents in a virtual social environment (VSE). 422 participants from a community sample (mean age 29 years; mean relationship duration 4.8 years) encountered 3 attachment-related key scenes in a VSE: a separation with a subsequent reunion, a conflict, and an illness. In these scenarios, participants gave instructions to the main character (the "protagonist") who had a romantic relationship to one of the other agents (the "virtual spouse"). Recorded were numerous behaviors as well as emotions participants ascribed to the protagonist. Generally, participants' attachment styles correlated as predicted with their behavior towards the virtual spouse, with βs up to .42. Thus, the study demonstrates that internal working models are transferred to the virtual relationship. This approach opens new ways to investigate attachment-related behavior by using VSEs that allow experimental variations of the virtual partner’s reactions and other situational variables.
INA-Rxiv- Create Akun & Ungaah Tulisan di INNA-Rxiiv. Oleh: Khairil Anwar
Authors: Anwar Khairil
Published: July 2018

INA-Rxiv sebagai server preprint pertama di Indonesia (dibaca sebagai “archive” atau “arsip”), dimanfaatkan sebagai wadah mengunggah/ mengupload secara gratis (free) berbagai tulisan dan hasil riset atau karya ilmiah Anda, memiliki-DOI, dan dapat disitasi. Lisensi makalah/tulisan/karya ilmiah preprint yang diunggah ke INA-Rxiv adalah CC-BY (Creative Commons Attribution) yang menjamin kebebasan untuk menggunakan ulang (reuse), mengkombinasi (remix), dan mendistribusikan (redistribute) untuk berbagai keperluan komersial dan non-komersial selama menyebutkan sumbernya, (sumber: https://medium.com/open-science-indonesia/ina-rxiv-2a51aae69d3a). Setiap tulisan/ makalah /bahan ajar/ dsb. yang telah diupload, secara otomatis akan diindeks oleh google engine.
Does the Delivery Matter? Examining Randomization at the Item Level
Authors: Buchanan Erin Michelle , Foreman Riley E. , Huber Becca Nicole , Pavlacic Jeffrey Michael , Swadley Rachel N. , Schulenberg Stefan E.
Published: July 2018

Scales that are psychometrically sound, meaning those that meet established standards regarding reliability and validity when measuring one or more constructs of interest, are customarily evaluated based on a set modality (i.e., computer or paper) and administration (fixed-item order). Deviating from an established administration profile could result in non-equivalent response patterns, indicating the possible evaluation of a dissimilar construct. Randomizing item administration may alter or eliminate these effects. Therefore, we examined the differences in scale relationships for randomized and nonrandomized computer delivery for two scales measuring meaning/purpose in life. These scales have questions about suicidality, depression, and life goals that may cause item reactivity (i.e. a changed response to a second item based on the answer to the first item). Results indicated that item randomization does not alter scale psychometrics for meaning in life scales, which implies that results are comparable even if researchers implement different delivery modalities.
Natural gas heating in Serbian settlements according to urbanity parameters
Authors: Brkić Dejan
Published: July 2018

Natural gas can be directly used for heating of flats by gas distribution system. Indirectly, heating power plant can disburse natural gas and deliver hot water or steam for heating of flats. Decision of optimal way for gas heating usage is done based on spatial disposal of building, number and size of buildings in settlement, etc. Optimal solution, between gas distribution and district heating system (local or district heating by natural gas), can be done according to methodology (model approach) shown in this paper. According to variety of Serbian settlements (in density, size and layout of buildings) model which has ability to represent their different characteristics is formed. This model could be simple and useful tool for initial decision about energy supply system.
Probabilistic Models, Learning Algorithms, Response Variability: Sampling in Cognitive Development
Authors: Bonawitz Elizabeth , Denison Stephanie , Griffiths Tom , gopnik alison
Published: July 2018

Although probabilistic models of cognitive development have become increasingly prevalent, one challenge is to account for how children might cope with a potentially vast number of possible hypotheses. We propose that children might address this problem by ‘sampling’ hypotheses from a probability distribution. We discuss empirical results demonstrating signatures of sampling, which offer an explanation for the variability of children's responses. The sampling hypothesis provides an algorithmic account of how children might address computationally intractable problems and suggests a way to make sense of their ‘noisy’ behavior.
Immigrant Presence, Group Boundaries and Support for the Welfare State in Western European Societies
Authors: Breznau Nate , Eger Maureen A.
Published: July 2018

The intersection of group dynamics and socioeconomic status theories is applied as a framework for the puzzling relationship of immigration and support for the welfare state in Western Europe. Group dynamics theories suggest that how individuals define their group boundaries moderates the impact of immigration on support for the welfare state. Immigrant presence should have the strongest effects for those with exclusive national group boundaries; weaker for those with conditionally inclusive boundaries based on reciprocity; and weakest or non-existent for those with inclusive group boundaries. Group boundaries should interact with material self-interest leading individuals with less material security who are more likely to face social risks to be more supportive of the welfare state. Using data from the 4th European Social Survey linked to regional and national data we find that group boundary salience plays a large moderating role in the relationship of immigration and native support for the welfare state, and that this role is intricately linked to material self-interest. Group dynamics should therefore be viewed in conjunction with existing structural welfare state theories as opposed to an alternative or isolated mechanism.
The impact of payment source and hospital type on rising cesarean section rates in Brazil, 1998 to 2008
Authors: Hopkins Kristine , Amaral Ernesto F. L. , Mourão Aline Nogueira Menezes
Published: July 2018

Background: High cesarean section rates in Brazilian public hospitals and higher rates in private hospitals are well established. Less is known about the relationship between payment source and cesarean section rates within public and private hospitals. Methods: We analyzed the 1998, 2003, and 2008 rounds of a nationally representative household survey (PNAD), which includes type of delivery, where it took place, and who paid for it. We construct cesarean section rates for various categories, and perform logistic regression to determine the relative importance of independent variables on cesarean section rates for all births and first births only. Results: Brazilian cesarean section rates were 42% in 1998 and 53% in 2008. Women who delivered publicly funded births in either public or private hospitals had lower cesarean section rates than those who delivered privately financed deliveries in public or private hospitals. Multivariate models suggest that older age, higher education, and living outside the Northeast region all positively affect the odds of delivering by cesarean section; effects are attenuated by the payment source-hospital type variable for all women and even more so among first births. Conclusions: Cesarean section rates have risen substantially in Brazil. It is important to distinguish payment source for the delivery in order to have a better understanding of those rates.
Guidance and Counseling Services for Kindergarten Students
Authors: Alizamar  , Afdal Afdal , Ifdil Ifdil
Published: July 2018

The purpose of education in kindergarten in general is to help the growth and development of physical and spiritual to have readiness in entering further education, develop personality and self-potential in accordance with the stage of development of learners and help lay the groundwork toward the development of attitude, knowledge, skills , and the creative power required by the students to adapt to their environment and to further growth and development. In an effort to achieve the goal of education, it is possible students have various psychological problems that require the existence of guidance and counseling services. For that, it needs a deep and thorough understanding of the implementation of guidance and counseling in kindergarten. This paper discusses the theoretical importance of counseling and guidance services in kindergarten, preparation and implementation and evaluation of guidance and counseling programs in kindergarten.
Scientific Auditing Firms
Authors: Sarma Gopal P.
Published: July 2018

The “crisis of reproducibility” has been a significant source of controversy, heated debate, and calls for reform to institutional science in recent years. As a long-term solution to address both the present crisis and future obstacles, I propose the creation of a new form of research organization whose purpose would be to conduct random audits of the scientific literature. I suggest that data analytics of a digitized scientific corpus may play a critical role in allowing broadly educated scientists to identify linchpin results to investigate in further detail across all disciplines. I argue that a simple “mock” trial run of a simplified auditing firm consisting of several researchers over a short time period would provide valuable insight into the feasibility of this proposal.
Preprint of Too good to be false: Nonsignificant results revisited
Authors: Hartgerink Chris Hubertus Joseph , Wicherts Jelte M. , van Assen Marcel A. L. M.
Published: July 2018

Due to its probabilistic nature, Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST) is subject to decision errors. The concern for false positives has overshadowed the concern for false negatives in the recent debates in psychology. This is unwarranted, since reported statistically nonsignificant findings may just be 'too good to be false'. We examined evidence for false negatives in nonsignificant results in three different ways. We adapted the Fisher method to detect the presence of at least one false negative in a set of statistically nonsignificant results. Simulations show that the adapted Fisher method generally is a powerful method to detect false negatives. We examined evidence for false negatives in the psychology literature in three applications of the adapted Fisher method. These applications indicate that (i) the observed effect size distribution of nonsignificant effects exceeds the expected distribution assuming a null-effect, and approximately two out of three (66.7%) psychology articles reporting nonsignificant results contain evidence for at least one false negative, (ii) nonsignificant results on gender effects contain evidence of true nonzero effects, and (iii) the statistically nonsignificant replications from the Reproducibility Project Psychology (RPP) do not warrant conclusions about the absence or presence of true zero effects underlying these nonsignificant results. We conclude that false negatives deserve more attention in the current debate on statistical practices in psychology. Neglecting effects due to a lack of statistical power can lead to a waste of research resources and stifle the scientific discovery process.
The Double-edged Sword of Pedagogy: Instruction limits spontaneous exploration and discovery
Authors: Bonawitz Elizabeth , Shafto Patrick , Gweon Hyowon , Goodman Noah D. , Spelke Elizabeth , Schulz Laura
Published: July 2018

Motivated by computational analyses, we look at how teaching affects exploration and discovery. In Experiment 1, we investigated children’s exploratory play after an adult pedagogically demonstrated a function of a toy, after an interrupted pedagogical demonstration, after a naïve adult demonstrated the function, and at baseline. Preschoolers in the pedagogical condition focused almost exclusively on the target function; by contrast, children in the other conditions explored broadly. In Experiment 2, we show that children restrict their exploration both after direct instruction to themselves and after overhearing direct instruction given to another child; they do not show this constraint after observing direct instruction given to an adult or after observing a non-pedagogical intentional action. We discuss these findings as the result of rational inductive biases. In pedagogical contexts, a teacher’s failure to provide evidence for additional functions provides evidence for their absence; such contexts generalize from child to child (because children are likely to have comparable states of knowledge) but not from adult to child. Thus, pedagogy promotes efficient learning but at a cost: children are less likely to perform potentially irrelevant actions but also less likely to discover novel information.
PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN DENGAN METODE PERBANDINGAN EKSPONENSIAL (MPE) DALAM MANAJEMEN KEDAI
Authors: Wardhani Dyah Rhetno , Abdillah Rahman
Published: July 2018

Manajemen adalah hal yang sangat penting bagi suatu badan usaha. Manajemen akan menentukankeberhasilan atau kegagalan sebuah badan usaha. Kedai merupakan salah satu badan usaha yangmembutuhkan manajemen yang baik. Cara pembukuan yang konvensional menyulitkan dalam mengevaluasikinerja kedai karena membutuhkan waktu yang lama untuk melihat hasilnya. Permasalahan manajemen inimembutuhkan penyelesaian yang akan diputuskan oleh manajer tingkat atas. Penggunaan aplikasi menjadipilihan untuk membantu proses manajemen kedai. Untuk membuat keputusan yang tepat Sistem PendukungKeputusan (SPK) akan memberikan informasinya. Melalui Metode Perbandingan Eksponensial (MPE) yangadalah bagian dari SPK akan menunjukkan alternatif keputusan yang membantu proses manajemen.Dibutuhkan beberapa kriteria untuk melakukan perbandingan dengan MPE. Kriteria-kriteria yangditentukan adalah akurasi, kemudahan, sistematis, biaya, nilai praktis, tampilan. Hasil perhitungan MPEmenunjukkan teknik manajemen menggunakan aplikasi lebih berpotensi dalam membantu prosesmanajemen. Agar penggunaan aplikasi memberikan hasil yang maksimal diperlukan pelatihan Sumber DayaManusia (SDM) dalam pengoperasiannya.
Quantification of Biological Resistance: a Unifying Unit and Scale of Resistance
Authors: Fullybright Rudolf
Published: July 2018

This article has been revised and the updated version will soon appear in my upcoming book titled:INTRODUCING THE UNIFIED THEORY OF BIOLOGICAL RESISTANCE—with APPLICATIONS IN MEDICINE, AGRICULTURE, and BEYONDA great book! Look forward to it!Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle, UKAuthor: Rudolf FullybrightMontréal, Québec, Canada // Davis, California, USA
Saliva oxytocin measures do not reflect peripheral plasma concentrations after intranasal oxytocin administration in men
Authors: Quintana Daniel S , Westlye Lars T. , Smerud Knut T. , Mahmoud Ramy A. , Andreassen Ole A. , Djupesland Per G.
Published: July 2018

Oxytocin plays an important role in social behavior. Thus, there has been significant research interest for the role of the oxytocin system in several psychiatric disorders, and the potential of intranasal oxytocin administration to treat social dysfunction. Measurement of oxytocin concentrations in saliva are sometimes used to approximate peripheral levels of oxytocin; however, the validity of this approach is unclear. In this study, saliva and plasma oxytocin was assessed after two doses of Exhalation Delivery System delivered intranasal oxytocin (8IU and 24IU), intravenous oxytocin (1IU) and placebo in a double-dummy, within-subjects design with men. We found that intranasal oxytocin (8IU and 24IU) administration increased saliva oxytocin concentrations in comparison to saliva oxytocin concentration levels after intravenous and placebo administration. Additionally, we found that saliva oxytocin concentrations were not significantly associated with plasma oxytocin concentrations after either intranasal or intravenous oxytocin administration. Altogether, we suggest that saliva oxytocin concentrations do not accurately index peripheral oxytocin after intranasal or intravenous oxytocin administration, at least in men. The data indicates that elevated oxytocin saliva levels after nasal delivery primarily reflect exogenous administered oxytocin that is cleared from the nasal cavity to the oropharynx, and is therefore a weak surrogate for peripheral blood measurements.
EVALUASI PENATAAN DAN PEMANFAATAN RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU UNTUK INTERAKSI SOSIAL DI RUSUNAWA KOTA CIMAHI
Authors: Arsitektur ARTEKS Jurnal Teknik , Histanto Enrico Nirwan , Kusliansjah Yohanes Karyadi
Published: July 2018

Title: Evaluation of Arragement and Use of Green Open Space in Cimai City’s RusunawaCimahi City was originally one part of Bandung Regency, with rapid growth finally established as an administrative city on January 29, 1976, then became autonomous city on June 21, 2001. Cimahi currently become one of the growth areas of Bandung in the West. The current population is 561,386, with an average growth of 2.12% per year (source: population database of Cimahi City 2014).Green Open Space (RTH) in several cities in West Java has decreased both in terms of quality and quantity. This has the effect of reducing urban environmental quality and causing urban problems such as floods, especially in the rainy season, increasing air pollution, and decreasing urban happiness index due to the lack of open space available for social interaction.The similarity of the configuration of the arrangement of the site in this case the similarity of the typology of building mass composition, the number of occupants and the target of the residents of low income (MBR) of the two rusunawa Cimahi City, namely Cibeureum and Leuwigajah interesting to examine which is more effective the arrangement of green space and its utilization and the determinants what's playing.In the management, maintenance and utilization of the flats RTH is the main responsibility of apartment managers, in this case the Cimahi Municipal Government, but the involvement of all residents in maintaining and maintaining cleanliness, especially in disposing of waste in place and use the facilities provided responsibly.Keywords: RTH, rusunawa, arrangement of site
Why Psychologists Should by Default Use Welch's t-test Instead of Student's t-test (in press for the International Review of Social Psychology).
Authors: Delacre Marie , Lakens Daniel , Leys Christophe
Published: July 2018

When comparing two independent groups, researchers in Psychology commonly use Student’s t-test. Assumptions of normality and of homogeneity of variance underlie this test. More often than not, when these conditions are not met, Student’s t-test can be severely biased, and leads to invalid statistical inferences. Moreover, we argue that the assumption of equal variances will seldom hold in psychological research and that choosing between Student’s t-test or Welch’s t-test based on the outcomes of a test of the equality of variances often fails to provide an appropriate answer. We show that the Welch’s t-test provides a better control of Type 1 error rates when the assumption of homogeneity of variance is not met, and loses little robustness compared to Student’s t-test when the assumptions are met. We argue that Welch’s t-test should be used as a default strategy.
Precarious Work in London 2014
Authors: Woodcock Jamie
Published: July 2018

This paper discusses precarious workers in London. The aim is to consider the particular challenges and possibilities for resistance in the context of London. It addresses the theoretical questions of precarity and its significance in post-Fordist capitalism. The innovations of the Operaismo—in terms of workers’ inquiries, the concept of class composition and the strategy of refusal—provide the theoretical basis for the paper. The paper draws on two examples of recent struggles on university campuses, that of casual teaching staff and cleaners, which highlight different points. The first is that a method inspired by the tradition of the workers’ inquiry can provide an important starting point for a campaign, combining knowledge production and a project of organisation. This is illustrated with the use of surveys as a starting point for a campaign at SOAS (School of Oriental and African Studies), University of London. The second example draws on the experience of the cleaners’ campaigns at the University of London. The history of the dispute is considered along with the use of the London living wage and alternative forms of trade unionism. This paper argues that the particular pressures for precarious workers in London need to be considered, but could also be posed as potential demands from workers, drawing on Henri Lefebvre’s notion of ‘the right to the city’. The conclusion of the argument is a call for further research that is attentive to the new forms of organisation that are emerging from workers’ struggles and to how a consideration of urban demands could provide important opportunities for developing this further.
Computational Models of Development, Social Influences
Authors: Bonawitz Elizabeth , Shafto Patrick
Published: July 2018

In the article we argue that past Bayesian approaches that model children's learning from data are missing an important element — the role of other people in generating that data. We propose that children take the origin of data into account when learning, which can be understood through ideal observer analyses of the social situation. Moreover, when observing evidence, children are not just learning from others, but also about others. We review recent literature suggesting that children can make inferences about the knowledge and goals of the individual selecting the data and use this knowledge to bolster learning from this evidence.
MISKONSEPSI DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPA
Authors: Karomah Umi , Syafril Syafrimen , Haka Nukhbatul Bidayati
Published: July 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi miskonsepsi siswa dalam pembelajaran IPA pada materi sistem ekskresi menggunakan Certanty of Response Index (CRI). Pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis survei (cross Sectional Survey Designs) digunakan sebagai metodologi penelitian. 78 orang siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas dijadikan sebagai sampel penelitian yang dipilih melalui teknik cluster sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui tes dalam bentuk multiple choice yang disertai dengan Certainty of Response Index (CRI) yang telah dilakuan uji validitas, reliabilitas, dan daya bedanya. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif berbantukan software Statistic Pakage for Social Science (SPSS 22.0). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan masih terdapat miskonsepsi pada semua sub konsep materi sistem ekskresi. Miskonsepsi tertinggi terdapat pada konsep proses pembentukan urin (30,77%), konsep kelainan pada sistem ekskresi (28,42%), system ekskresi pada hewan (21,58%), serta konsep struktur dan fungsi organ ekskresi (14,10%). Miskonsepsi ini akan berpengartuh pada proses pembelajaran IPA seterusnya. Hasil penelitian ini didiskusikan dengan berbagai konsep dan hasil penelitian sebelumnya.
Guidance and Counseling Service for Gifted Children
Authors: Churnia Elfi , Ifdil Ifdil , erwinda lira
Published: July 2018

Gifted children in life need service programs to develop their own talents. Gifted children are those who are identified by professionals possessing extraordinary abilities and high achievers. Educational services for gifted children in Indonesia are only limited to discourse or only implemented in some schools only. Until finally the potential of gifted children do not develop, or the development of gifted children is not optimal. Gifted children need to attend special education. Gifted children's education should be distinguished from other children. Because gifted children need different learning processes. On the basis of that, gifted children need to be given guidance and counseling services , with the aim that gifted children can increase their potential and develop their talents.
Growth and Yield of Chili Pepper under Different Time Application of Wedelia (Wedelia trilobata) and Siam Weed (Chromolaena odorata) Organic Fertilizers
Authors: Setyowati Nanik , Muktamar Zainal , Oktiasa Silma , Ganefianti Dwi W.
Published: July 2018

Low content of soil organic matter and low availability of nutrients in Ultisol are major constraints of this soil to support growth and development of chili pepper. Application of organic fertilizer is required to increase content of soil organic matter as well as to improve other chemical, biological, physical properties of this soil. Wedelia (Wedelia trilobata) and Siam Weed (Chromolaena odorata) are potential sources of organic fertilizer. The aim of this study was to compare growth and yield of chili pepper under different time application of Wedelia and Siam Weed based organic fertilizers. Greenhouse house experiment was conducted employing Completely Randomized Design with 2 factors namely Wedelia and Siam Weed composts as first factor and 5 (five) different time of application as second factor. Each treatment was replicated 5 times. The study showed that most variables observed in this experiment were not affected by types of compost. Only were plant height, canopy width and dry weight of biomass significant difference between the two composts. Siam weed compost applied two weeks before planting resulted in plant canopy wider than Wedelia compost. However, Wedelia compost applied at planting resulted in longer chili pepper as compared to Siam weed compost. The experiment also revealed that Wedelia compost produced higher plant height and root dry weight as compared to Siam weed compost.