bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The recolonization of lynx from central to southern Sweden : A success story
Authors: Hemmingmoore Heather
Published: October 2023

The recolonization of large carnivores into their historic range is characterized by ecological and anthropogenic challenges. This thesis explores the natural range expansion of the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) into southern Sweden, the last region to be recolonized following near extirpation from Sweden in the 20th century. I first define three criteria for a recolonization to be successful: there must be 1) availability of quality habitat, 2) sufficient mate availability to facilitate growth, and 3) sufficient genetic diversity to prevent inbreeding. Underpinning these requirements is the need for connectivity to ensure animals can reach suitable habitat and remain connected to the source population. To answer the question as to whether this recolonization event was successful, I first used resource selection functions to identify suitable habitat (Paper I), then used Bayesian population growth models to assess whether inverse density dependence affected population growth during population establishment (Paper II). I then used population genomics to check for genetic structure resulting from recolonization (Paper III), and examined the network of individual relatedness to better understand connectivity during recolonization (Paper IV). The resource selection study predicted extensive suitable habitat in southern Sweden, which was validated with establishment data during recolonization. It also revealed that dispersing individuals were less selective than established lynx (Paper I). Our Bayesian population growth models found that the population in southern Sweden grew more slowly than that of centralSweden during prior recolonization, although an Allee effect was unlikely, indicating sufficient connectivity even at low population densities (Paper II). The genomic analysis showed no spatial or temporal population structure, again indicating connectivity (Paper III). Individual relatedness patterns found no isolation by distance or resistance (Paper IV). The lynx population was able to establish in southern Sweden despite legal quota hunting and poaching. These findings demonstrate that wideranging carnivore populations can expand in the absence of protected areas and despite hunting pressure. It is my hope that this case study proves useful to managers and conservation planners who seek to facilitate the recovery of other animal populations in human-dominated landscapes.
Gambaran Tingkat Kecemasan Tentang Karir pada Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir Prodi D3 Keperawatan ITSK RS dr. Soepraoen Malang
Authors: Ella Irnanda  , Indari Indari , Aminah Tien
Published: October 2023

Pendahuluan: Keterserapan tenaga perawat yang semakin sedikit berbanding terbalik dengan angka kelulusan mahasiswa perawat setiap tahun. Lapangan pekerjaan yang semakin sempit, tingkat pengangguran yang cukup tinggi dan persaingan dunia kerja yang ketat untuk memperoleh peluang kerja. Hal ini membuat keresahan bagi mahasiswa prodi D3 keperawatan untuk karirnya setelah menjadi sarjana.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi seluruh mahasiswa tingkat akhir prodi D3 Keperawatan ITSK RS dr. Soepraoen Malang. Sampel pada penelitian ini sebagian mahasiswa tingkat akhir Prodi D3 Keperawatan ITSK RS dr. Soepraoen Malang. Menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan 60 responden. Variabel penelitian tingkat kecemasan tentang karir pada mahasiswa Prodi D3 Keperawatan. Alat ukur menggunkan lembar kuesioner, kemudian di analisa data menggunakan editing, scoring, coding, tabulating, dan presentase, setelah itu dilakukan penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan.

Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kecemasan karir pada mahasiswa, hampir setengah dari 19 responden (31,7%) dalam kategori panik, sangat sedikit 7 responden (11,7%) dalam kategori cemas ringan. Hasil penelitian tersebut bisa disebabkan karena beberapa faktor seperti usia, ekonomi, jenis kelamin, pengalaman kerja, serta pendapatan orang tua.

Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diharapkan responden mampu untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif, skill, dan memiliki efikasi diri serta perencanaan karir yang matang agar dapat mengurangi cemas yang akan berdampak pada hambatan dalam pemilihan serta kematangan karir.
Розрахунки з покупцями і замовниками як об’єкт обліку і оподаткування
Authors: Міньковська А. В. , Чернецька О. В. , Гавриш В. О.
Published: October 2023

У статті досліджено місце розрахунків з покупцями і замовниками в системі обліку і оподаткування суб’єкта підприємництва. Виокремлено проблемні аспекти обліку розрахунків з покупцями і замовниками в системі управління дебіторською заборгованістю. Акцентовано увагу на необхідності побудови ефективної системи обліку розрахунків з покупцями і замовниками як інформаційної бази для розробки оптимальних управлінських рішень в умовах кризи неплатежів ділових партнерів. Наголошено на процесі оподаткування ділових відносин суб’єкта підприємництва з покупцями і замовниками в частині податку на додану вартість. Підсумовано доцільність постійного аналізу та контролю розміру й термінів дебіторської заборгованості, що дозволить оптимізувати договірні відносини з покупцями і замовниками в частині погашення дебіторської заборгованості та нарахування податкового зобов’язання. Перспективою подальших досліджень визначено розробку алгоритму дій з антикризового управління дебіторською заборгованістю покупців та замовників.
CHAAIS: Climate-focused Human-machine teaming and Assurance in Artificial Intelligence Systems – Framework applied toward wildfire management case study
Authors: Gladkova Taissa , Gandikota Dhanuj , Bapat Sanika , Allison Kristen
Published: October 2023

Climate change and the resulting cascade of impacts pose a real and urgent threat to human safety. Simultaneously, products from Artificial Intelligence (AI) research have grown exponentially and show high potential towards use in climate adaptation. However, an increasingly large barrier to responsive deployment and adoption of AI tools into climate change adaptation workflows is the actionable knowledge discrepancy between the fields of AI, Human Machine Teaming (HMT), AI Assurance, and the work of climate adaptation decision makers. To ensure alignment, applications of AI to climate change adaptation actions need a framework and knowledge base that map development considerations to the decision maker workflow. This paper introduces CHAAIS (Climate-focused Human-machine teaming and Assurance in Artificial Intelligence Systems), a design standard and accompanying knowledge base detailing the necessary human element of AI interaction in the high-risk domain of climate change. CHAAIS incorporates direct user interaction, decision maker adoption considerations, and downstream implications. Our process combines accepted HMT and AI Assurance principles for ethical design while testing specific issues in their intersection in the climate change domain. Specifically, we demonstrate this process with a case study in forestry and implications for wildfire management. The goal for the CHAAIS design framework and knowledge base is to be both a living information source and an adaptable method of tailoring future climate change AI solutions for responsive deployment directly informed by climate decision makers.
A method to generate adversarial examples based on color variety of adjacent pixels
Authors: Kamegawa Tomoki , Kimura Masaomi , Mukhlash Imam , Iqbal Mohammad
Published: October 2023

Deep neural networks have improved the performance of large-scale learning tasks such as image recognition and speech recognition. However, neural networks also have vulnerabilities. Adversarial examples are generated by adding perturbations to images to cause incorrect predictions of image classifiers. The well-known perturbation attack is JSMA, which is relatively fast to generate perturbation and requires only simple procedures and is widely used in cybersecurity, anomaly detection and intrusion detection. However, there are problems with the way to perturb pixels. JSMA’s perturbations are easily perceivable by the human eyes because JSAM adds large perturbations to pixels. Some previous methods to generate adversarial examples did not assume that adversarial examples are checked by human eyes and allow larger perturbation to be adding to a single pixel. However, in situations where a deep learning model causes significant damage if it misrecognizes an input, a visual check by a human is necessary. In such cases, adversarial examples should not only cause misclassification in the image classifier system but also require less perturbation to avoid human perception of the perturbation. We propose methods to improve the JSMA problems. Specifically, it adjusts the amount of perturbation by calculating the variance between the value of the pixel to be perturbed and its surrounding pixels. If a large perturbation is added to the area of an image with a large pixel value variation, the perturbation will be imperceptible. In such case, perceivability does not increase significantly with a slightly larger perturbation. In contrast, if the large perturbation is added to the area of an image with small pixel value variation, the perturbation will be more perceptible. In such case, perturbations must be small. In our previous study, we assumed thresholds to classify the perturbations into two classes, large perturbation and small perturbation. If the variance was larger than the threshold, a larger perturbation was added; if the variance was smaller than the threshold, a smaller perturbation was added, which achieved a reduction in the amount of perturbation. However, there were still rooms of improvements of the perturbation to reduce the perceptibility. In this study, we focused on that there were differences in the perception of perturbations depending on the color of the pixel. The amount of perturbation should vary from pixel to pixel, not a fixed amount. Not only the variance of the surrounding pixels but also the variance of a larger area is calculated. By using these ratios, the amount of perturbation is varied from pixel to pixel. Experimental results using cifar-10 showed that the proposed method reduced the amount of perturbation to pixels with a misclassification success rate comparable to that of JSMA and our past method. We also confirmed that the reduced perturbation made the perturbation less perceptible.
Artificial Social Intelligence in Action: Lessons Learned from Human-Agent Hybrid Search and Rescue
Authors: Williams Jessica , Bendell Rhyse , Fiore Stephen , Jentsch Florian
Published: October 2023

Socially intelligent artificial agents have recently shown some evidence of improving team performance when advising human teammates during the execution of time-pressured, complex missions. These agents, imbued with a form of social intelligence supported by Artificial Theory of Mind, have also demonstrated some negative outcomes associated with their approaches to delivering advice and motivating teammates to succeed. Here, we closely examine team performance outcomes associated with a simulated team Urban Search and Rescue mission in the context of interventions delivered by artificial socially intelligent agents that served as advisors to the human teammates engaged in task execution. The task studied here required some individual taskwork effectiveness as well as a notable amount of interdependent teamwork coordination. The interdependent activities provided the advising artificially intelligent teammates an opportunity to observe and intervene to improve aspects of team process. Some of the interventions delivered by the socially intelligent agents were found to positively impact performance, notably those that targeted objective data and the dissemination of information to the right individual at appropriate timepoints; however, other interventions negatively impacted team outcomes. Results showed that Motivation interventions aimed solely at bolstering the motivation of team members did not yield positive outcomes; in fact, they were found to have adverse effects on overall team performance and task execution.
To What Extent Can AI Simplify Academic Paper Writing?
Authors: Kohda Youji , Javed Amna
Published: October 2023

In the AI era, how will the work of researchers change and what will the future of the research profession be like? This paper discusses how academic paper writing can be made more efficient through AI assistance. To facilitate our discussion, we used a somewhat unusual approach. Noting that the novelty and inventive step of an invention and the originality and academic significance of an academic paper are the same, we propose a six-step model for AI-assisted academic paper writing, inspired by AI-assisted patent prior art search. On the basis of the proposed model, we present our thoughts on the future of researchers' work and the research profession in general.
Applying Ming furniture features to modern furniture design using deep learning
Authors: Xia Yukun , Ji Yingrui , Gan Yan , Ding Zijie
Published: October 2023

Ming-style furniture is a type of classical Chinese furniture that originated during the Ming Dynasty and has developed and evolved through the Ming and Qing Dynasties to become one of the major schools of classical Chinese furniture. Traditional Ming furniture design is labour-intensive and time-consuming, and designers need to have a wealth of experience and knowledge to create high-quality pieces. However, with the rapid development of computer technology and advances in deep learning algorithms, it is now possible to use computer-aided design techniques and deep learning algorithms to extract and apply features of Ming furniture quickly and accurately.This paper proposes a new method based on deep learning and computer-aided design techniques for applying features of Ming furniture to modern furniture design. By collecting and filtering existing physical images of Ming-style furniture, we use a generative adversarial network algorithm (DCGAN) for image recognition and feature extraction, and generate modern furniture designs. The experimental results show that the algorithm can significantly improve the efficiency of designers and has good feature recognition to extract target contours and accurately obtain design features. As the number of extracted feature samples increases, the clarity of the generated images becomes higher and their generation accuracy also tends to increase. The furniture products generated by the deep learning approach have both modern aesthetics and Ming furniture characteristics, which is conducive to the inheritance and development of traditional Chinese furniture culture. The evaluation shows that the newly generated furniture products meet modern aesthetic standards. The method provides a new way of thinking and approach to the field of furniture design, with high academic and practical application value.
The Impact of AI Transparency and Reliability on Human-AI Collaborative Decision-Making
Authors: Wang Xujinfeng , Yang Yicheng , Tao Da , Zhang Tingru
Published: October 2023

Human-AI collaborative decision-making has become a prevalent interaction paradigm, but the lack of transparency in AI algorithms presents challenges for humans to understand the decision-making process. Such lack of comprehension can lead to issues of over-reliance or under-reliance on AI recommendations. In this study, we focused on a human-AI collaborative income predicting task and investigated the influence of AI transparency and reliability on task performance. The results revealed that when AI reliability was high (75% and 90%), transparency had no significant effects on human decision-making. However, at a lower level of reliability (60%), higher transparency levels led to increased compliance with AI suggestions, thereby demonstrating a persuasive effect. Further analysis indicated that compliance rates only improved when AI made correct decisions, rather than when AI made incorrect ones. However, transparency did not significantly impact humans' ability to correctly reject erroneous recommendations from AI, suggesting that increasing transparency alone did not enhance humans’ error detecting ability. In conclusion, when the reliability of AI is low, heightening transparency can promote appropriate dependence on AI without elevating the risk of over-reliance. Nevertheless, further research is necessary to explore effective strategies that can assist humans in identifying AI errors effectively.
Community walking system design from a co-creation perspective: The example of Hongqiao Airport New Village
Authors: Ma Jie , Zhang Linghao
Published: October 2023

In the realm of urban development, human-scaled community walking systems are continually devoured in large-scale urban renewals. Pressing issues such as fragmentation and segmentation of pedestrian paths, poor walkway quality, and outdated walking facilities demand resolution. On the personal and societal levels, walking, being the most fundamental mode of transportation, has unmet demands, with decreasing neighborly interactions exacerbating societal isolation and loneliness.The paper introduces the co-creation concept and related theories to dissect the components and human-centric developmental trends of the community walking system. It focuses on Shanghai's Hongqiao Airport Village's current walking system, employing participatory research, in-depth interviews, and co-creation workshops. This bottom-up approach encapsulates the residents' walking needs, exploring strategies to design a community walking system from a co-creation perspective.The paper proposes four strategies: the construction of human-centric physical infrastructure, the development of multifunctional spaces, fostering of inclusive social interactions, and promoting sustainable development through community involvement. These strategies are aimed at enhancing urban community livability and fostering human connections.
A patient-centered approach in designing a kidney transplant decision aid
Authors: Chu Sauman , Hart Allyson , Bruin Marilyn
Published: October 2023

The kidney transplant decision aid tool (https://www.srtr.org/tools/kidney-transplant-decision-aid/) was designed, created, and included as part of the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) resource website. The decision aid tool was created with input from patients with kidney disease and the doctors who care for them. An extensive information gathering and testing process with user-centered approach was implemented. Ten interviews and 4 focus group discussion sessions were held with an average of 4.5 patients in each group to gather preliminary design and content directions. Two additional focus groups with a total of 12 kidney transplant providers and 4 additional national focus group discussions with a total of 19 patients were held afterward to discuss the created content and design approach. Finally, 15 individual patient testing sessions were conducted to refine the content, design, and navigation of the tool. The tool is intended to be used during patient’s visit with their doctor as the patient learns about kidney transplant. Our goal is to provide informative materials to empower patients by helping them understand treatment options and outcomes. The doctor will guide patient through the tool and explain the information to help them to make informed decisions.The decision aid tool contains concise information to compare the pros and cons of dialysis vs. transplant treatments, living donor vs. deceased donor transplant, accepting higher quality vs. lower quality deceased donor kidney offers, and increased infectious risk kidneys vs. standard infectious risk kidneys. We also created a calculator to estimate a patient’s likely outcomes on the kidney transplant wait list based on the transplant regions or center and the individual’s medical condition. Preliminary testing suggests that patients find the tool and the likely outcomes helpful in leading to informative decision making.
Image-Based Icons: Effects of Object Recognition, Feature Recognition, and Visual Field for the Design of Learning Management Systems
Authors: Toyohara Shane , L. Vu Kim-Phuong
Published: October 2023

Schools and universities are increasing incorporating digital technology with their curriculum implementation through use of Learning Management Systems (LMS) like Desire2Learn (Blackboard), Canvas, and Schoolloop, just to name a few. With the rise of instructor-side customization options in the LMS, educators may not be experienced in designing features, such as button design. Yet, buttons are the most common point of interaction between a user and the interface, and buttons direct students to information on a specified page. Thus, research on effective and usable options for button design in an educational framework is needed to ensure that LMS interfaces are designed with the user’s performance and ease of use in mind. The present study examined visual search performance using a 3 (button type: image, text, image+text), x 2 (border style: rounded or squared), x 2 (screen size: laptop size or mobile size) within-subjects design. In general, results showed longer search times for text only buttons compared to image and image+text buttons, rounded square borders compared to square borders, and larger than smaller screen sizes. However, these overall effects were qualified by two-way interactions between button type x border style, and button type x screen size, where text buttons paired with square borders and large screen sizes resulted in worse performance. Although image+text buttons yielded similar performance to image only buttons, users preferred image+text buttons. Implications of these findings for design are discussed.
Considerations for Cabin Design in Urban Air Mobility's Personal Air Vehicles with a Focus on User Experience
Authors: Yeong Kwon Ju , Jun Jin Seok , young Ju Da
Published: October 2023

Urban Air Mobility (UAM) era is predicted to arrive, with the commercialization of Personal Air Vehicle (PAV) expected by 2025. The cabin design direction of traditional aircraft and PAV differs significantly, and considering the perspective of a new space that users have not previously experienced, it is necessary to understand user perceptions in order to provide an environment that ensures satisfaction, comfort, and stability. Furthermore, while the cockpit in traditional aircraft is separated and disconnected, PAV may have direct interaction points between pilots and passengers, necessitating consideration of social factors related to pilot-passenger interaction. The purpose of this study is to identify the physical and social servicescape factors in PAV cabins that may influence the experiences of passengers and pilots. According to the survey results, both pilots and passengers rated the "Safety in Emergencies" element as the most important. It takes into account the confined interior of the cabin, examining environmental factors that impact not only passengers but also pilots, thus providing a holistic understanding and presentation of the overall aspects.
Exploring a software application to simulate rigid bodies to have fast conceptual designs
Authors: Rafael Morano-okuno Hector , Enrique Chong Quero J , Jaramillo Godinez Ricardo
Published: October 2023

There are various software tool applications to design and simulate the operation of a product. However, knowing its capabilities and scope helps us make computational resources more efficient, decrease learning times, and reduce savings in purchasing licenses. This work presents the experiences obtained when using a software tool application to generate conceptual designs of prototype mechanisms, in which it was required to simulate their movements quickly and easily without investing too much time in learning to use said tool application. Through three case studies, the advantages and disadvantages of the software application explored are shared. With the first case study, the alternative of using a single sketch to model the side view of a prototype thoroughly was evaluated. The second case study analyzed the types of restrictions necessary to make assemblies and generate the movement simulation. The third case study evaluated the possibility of representing the force of gravity and creating the effect of contacts between moving solids. Among some of the results obtained is that the software tool application explored 1) allows the use of a single sketch to generate the side views of a prototype, 2) the assembly restrictions are the same as those used to generate a simulation of movement, which facilitates its definition and 3) the effect of the force of gravity can be obtained through the use of different assembly constraints. At the beginning of the article, an introduction is presented about the topics related to the simulation of rigid bodies; subsequently, the restrictions that can be represented in the software tool application explored are identified, then the three case studies used are described, and finally, the conclusions and future work are mentioned.
An investigation into how an integrated user interface and virtual reality affects operator performance when completing submarine control room tasks
Authors: Bolton Roman , Hallam Sophie , Smith Alex , Melendez Jade , Allison Craig , Plant Katie
Published: October 2023

Submarines use a plethora of sensors crucial for above-water surveillance. For example, the optronics mast utilises sensors that collect optical data on the surrounding environment. Whereas the Radar Electronic Support Measures (RESM) mast provides electromagnetic surveillance that focuses on avoiding counter-detection. Paradoxically though, every time the mast is up it increases the risk of counter-detection. To reduce exposure time, submarine masts are integrating multiple sensors; like optronics and RESM, to collect data simultaneously. Traditionally, different operators complete optronics and RESM tasks. However, an integrated optronics and RESM mast, would likely require an integrated operator role. Therefore, optimising the Human-Machine Interface would enable optimal operator performance. One suggestion is to present both optronics and RESM data on a single user interface and explore different ways of presenting this information, using more emerging technologies. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate how an interface, which supports the presentation of both optronics and RESM data, affects operator performance compared to an interface that presents optronics data only. The study will also explore the effects of presenting such information using current and novel display methods, specifically computer monitors and virtual reality (VR). To test this, four experimental conditions were devised: (1) no additional data using a conventional display, (2) additional RESM data using a conventional display, (3) no additional data using a VR display, and (4) additional RESM data using a VR display. To assess operator performance, participants will complete simulations in each condition, and data will be collected on task accuracy, task completion time, operator workload, situation awareness, and system usability. A detailed account of the research findings will be presented.
Internet of Toys for Measuring Development of Drawing Skills in Support of Childcare Workers
Authors: Yamamoto Keiko , Fujihara Taichi , Kanaya Ichi
Published: October 2023

During childhood, play is important for promoting the mental and physical development of children. For this reason, those involved with childcare (guardians and childcare workers) need to create an environment suitable for child development and provide children with support and guidance. However, because there are unique elements to the development of each individual child, childcare workers caring for large numbers of children, and guardians in remote areas, may struggle to oversee the daily development of the children in their care. Especially, in Japan, the lack of vacancy at nursery schools and the number of nursery teachers is regarded as a problem in spite of declining birth rates. Therefore, there is a strong desire to realize a society in which children can be raised safely and securely without placing a burden on parents and childcare workers. To solve the problem, we propose various types of toys with built-in sensors are used to acquire motion data during play activities, and a system intended to aid in estimating the child development stage by creating a data visualization for childcare workers. In this paper, we built a pen holder type device for measuring development of drawing skills. Using this prototype, as the first step of an evaluation, we conducted an experiment to verify whether it is possible to discern four types of drawing focusing on changes in drawing skills related to child development. The results showed that they could be identified with 63% (SVM) and 64% (RF) accuracy.
The Roles of Driving Style and Initial Trust on Trust towards Automated Vehicles
Authors: Chen Milei , Huang Weixing , Zhang Tingru
Published: October 2023

User trust and acceptance are critical for the success of Automated Vehicles (AVs) in enhancing road safety and reducing driver workload. This study aims to investigate the influence of AV style (careful or aggressive) and driver style (careful or aggressive) on trust in AVs, while considering the role of initial trust level. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted with 204 participants, and responses were analyzed utilizing a Linear Mixed Model (LMM) with AV style, driver style and initial level as fixed effects. Two significant two-way interactions were observed: between driver style and AV style, and another between initial trust and AV style on trust. Specifically, careful AVs were rated with a higher trust than aggressive AVs by both driver groups. Additionally, aggressive drivers trusted aggressive AVs more than careful drivers, but careful AVs gain the same trust. Interestingly, participants with medium initial trust exhibited a less divergence in trust between different AV styles, yet the trust gaps between different trust groups consistently existed. These findings underscore the importance of aligning driver style, AV style, and initial trust levels to cultivate heightened trust in AVs.
A Design Method of Subway Public Welfare Posters based on Visual Metaphor
Authors: Gong Chenliang , Xu Wenyi
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study is to explore a design method of subway public welfare posters based on visual metaphor. Through the analysis and evaluation of the existing public welfare posters of subway space, we found that many poster designs have problems such as outdated design style, poor communication effect and low passenger participation. In order to solve this problem, we proposed a design method of subway public welfare posters based on visual metaphor, and applied it to the design of subway public welfare posters. This method takes visual metaphor as the main design theory, and analyzes its relationship with subway space scenes and public welfare posters. By combining public welfare information with visual elements such as images and symbols, the posters can be conveyed more vividly and easily, so as to attract passengers' attention and resonance. In the poster design process, we first analyze and understand the theme of public welfare, and find the core issues or keywords related to the target group. Then, these core issues or keywords are transformed into specific images or symbols using visual metaphors to enhance the artistic expression and transmission effect of the poster. Through the clever use of color, composition, layout and other design elements, the poster is more attractive and recognizable, attracting the attention of passengers. However, due to the limitations of conditions, we can not conduct tests in real scenarios, and more reliable tests are needed in the future. To sum up, the design method of subway public welfare posters based on visual metaphor has certain theoretical and practical value. Through the use of visual metaphor design means, the communication effect of public welfare posters and the participation of passengers can be enhanced, and the effective communication of public welfare information in the subway space can be realized. In the future, the application potential of visual metaphor theory can be further explored to provide innovative ideas and methods for visual design of more scenes.
The Past, Present and Future of the Metaverse Research: A Bibliometric Review
Authors: Lei Xinyue , Du Liqun
Published: October 2023

Since the word “Metaverse” was first coined by the novelist Neal Stephenson in 1992, it has immediately shown endless charm and attracted many scientists, engineers, and geeks from all over the world to become its “vassals”. In recent years, with the development of virtual reality, blockchain and smart wearable devices, the idea of Metaverse seemed to be touchable and became a popular topic in academic literature. This study aims to highlight the influential authors, sources, institutions, and countries in the research of Metaverse through bibliometric analysis. 665 related documents from 1995 to 2023 January were collected and analyzed from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The R-tool Bibliometrix 4.0.0, and the software VOSviewer 1.6.19 were used to analyzed research trends. The results showed that almost 80% of the relevant documents was published in the past year. Wang Feiyue is the most relevant author with 17 articles. Sustainability, IEEE Access, and Applied Sciences Basel are influential journals in this field. Chinese Academy of Sciences is the most productive institution, and China is as well as the most productive country, while the United Kingdom is the most cited country. Furthermore, our study identified five research streams, which not only summarized current academic activities, but also provided potential directions for the future study.
Fault detection and estimation of a lithium-ion battery system using an adaptive observer
Authors: Kukurowski Norbert , Mrugalski Marcin , Witczak Marcin , Patalas - Maliszewska Justyna
Published: October 2023

Nowadays, we are dealing with the increasing complexity of industrial systems, which are often equipped with a large number of sensors and actuators. Industrial processes are usually complex and consequently vulnerable. The likelihood of multiple failures and resulting economic losses also increases. Therefore, fault estimation is gaining more and more attention from a practical point of view and is an important aspect in modern fault diagnosis (FD), which can provide knowledge about the detection, isolation and identification of the faults. In this paper a novel fault detection and estimation adaptive based observer approach for the Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) system is proposed.
Exploring Generative AI as a Proxy User for Early Stage User Research - Preliminary Findings
Authors: Jenkins Michael , Thiry Elizabeth , Stone Richard , Kingsley Caroline , Leather Calvn
Published: October 2023

The potential of generative AI has exploded of late, largely due in part because of the improved accessibility that tools like ChatGPT afford for non-data-scientist / developer users. One potential area of application is for Generative AI models to serve as proxy users in early stage user research. User research is a crucial component of product development, helping to understand user needs, preferences, and behaviors. However, conducting user research can be time-consuming, resource-intensive, and may require access to a user population that is challenging to access (e.g., military users). Generative AI models have shown remarkable progress in generating human-like text and simulating user interactions based on a significant corpus of training materials that serves as the knowledge base for the AI’s reasoning. This paper provides preliminary findings from explorations on the feasibility of leveraging generative AI as a proxy user to inform early stage user research. Using the GPT-4.0 architecture and the Open-AI ChatGPT user interface (chat.openai.com), we conducted preliminary research for six different candidate end user populations. This was accomplished by generating generic product descriptions, notional user personas each respective product, contextualizing ChatGPT to act as the user persona, and then asking a series of generic user experience research (UXR) questions of the GPT model. Responses from ChatGPT were then scored by three UXR / Human Factors subject-matter experts to evaluate the perceived utility of ChatGPT’s responses in terms of supporting early stage product design as a proxy human user. By evaluating the effectiveness of generative AI as a proxy user, this research aims to shed light on its potential benefits and limitations in supporting early stage user research efforts. While additional research is still needed (e.g., comparing the results of ChatGPT to responses generated by actual end users, having SME’s evaluate the accuracy and completeness of ChatGPT’s responses), preliminary findings are promising for the potential that generative AI models hold to serve as early stage proxy users to inform research and product design efforts in domains where significant corpuses of data already exist for model training, and where access to human end users may be restricted our otherwise prohibited.
Fifth Generation Wireless Network Usage in Food Industry Operations: Barriers and Benefits
Authors: Adeniyi Adetola , Aigbavboa Clinton
Published: October 2023

The world is currently witnessing a new industrial revolution marked by the digitization and automation of industry through Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). The food industry is one of the largest globally and contributes to the sustainability of human existence. The majority of the activities in this industry are characterized by their dynamism, decentralization, temporality, and the involvement of a large number of personnel, machinery, and supplies. Therefore, this study assessed the barriers to the use and the benefits of adopting Fifth Generation (5G) wireless networks in the food industry operations. The study adopted a systematic literature review approach in identifying the applications of 5G wireless network in the food industry operations. Findings from the study revealed that there are various barriers to the adoption of 5G wireless network in the food industry operations as well as benefits. The study concluded that the adoption of 5G wireless network in the operations of the food industry would promote the efficiency and effectiveness of the industry. The study expanded on previous research by promoting this wireless network to help the industry raise awareness about the various barriers and benefits of the 5G wireless network applications in the food industry’s operations.
Advanced Systems Engineering and Continuous Value Shaping: Opportunities and future directions for value-added innovations with Services
Authors: Nägele Rainer , Neuhüttler Jens , Ganz Walter
Published: October 2023

In nearly all economies, Services account for a significant share of value creation and provide a substantial potential for value-added innovation. In order to realize value-added innovation with services, however, respective development approaches and methods must also be adapted to the advancing digitalization, the dynamics of markets and the complex challenges of a volatile world. Regarding this issue, our paper explores two novel development approaches, namely Advanced Systems Engineering (ASE) and Continuous Value Shaping (CVS), and analyses what learnings can be derived for developing value-added innovation with services. By linking these new research approaches to the systematic development of services, new opportunities and future directions are derived.
Agile Organization of Shift Work without Shift Models
Authors: Gerlach Stefan , Perevalova Nika
Published: October 2023

Whereas agility of white-collar work is a common and successful concept, blue-collar work is in many cases still organized in shifts following long-term plans. Shift models are very uncomfortable to humans in two ways: first, working hours are spread over the whole day, in many cases over the whole week as “24/7 operations”, and second, the start and end times of the shifts are fixed. The concept of flextime is very uncommon on the shop floor, unimaginable to white collars. Therefore, blue collars ask more and more for flexible labour hours also to achieve a better work-life balance.An approach to a more agile organization of shift work is to substitute the shift model by self-assignment of shifts through the workers. Instead of working along fixed plans, employees may self-assign to different working hours and shifts from day to day, according to their individual preferences and availability. Smart devices seem to be an enabler for the agile organization of shift work. Several commercial apps with self-services for the planning of shifts and working hours are still offered, which may be appropriate for this reason.Agile shift work without predefined shift models may increase the flexibility of the company as well as the work-life balance of the workers. The concept promises to be useful. In practice, a lot of questions arise: What if different workers apply for the same shift? Who gets the shift, first come, first serve? Are there rules to calculate priorities? Is the team responsible to solve the situation or the supervisor? What if no one takes over a shift? Obviously, agile organization of shift work needs a thoroughly defined organization, and obviously too, the workers themselves must be involved in the process of defining this organization, to gain acceptance by them.Developing an organizational framework for agile shift work without shift models is one of the main topics of the German research project “agileASSEMBLY”, which comprises twelve industrial and scientific partners. The framework consists of a target image about the expected achievements, a process blueprint that guides the employees step by step in balancing and synchronizing their individual working applications, and a concise set of rules to solve conflicts in the self-assignment of working hours. The approach of the project is to involve employees in the development of the new framework for the agile organization of assembly processes by means of a role play. Within this paper, the framework for the self-assignment of working hours will be presented. It displays the first step and result of “agileASSEMBLY”. Subsequently, a pilot implementation, operation, and evaluation of the achievements and human factors in a team with round about 45 employees are planned to prove the success expectations of the concept.
E-banking usage by Gen X, Y, and Z generations
Authors: Filipe Rodrigues Luis , Oliveira Abilio , Rodrigues Helena
Published: October 2023

In a time of digital disruption, users are deciding how they want banks to respond and even exceed their expectations. Banks rushed to face-lift their front-end look and enable non-essential digital services without acknowledging users’ needs. This recent attitude has harmed a good digital banking experience, and consequently the adoption of e-banking. To have a clear vision of how banks can stand out in a digital transformation 634 e-banking users were interviewed from the generations’ X, Y, and Z. A qualitative analysis was conducted using Leximancer software, to determine similarities and differences in three generations’ attitudes toward digital banking. The findings highlighted nineteen concepts grouped into eight key themes, namely: transfers, availability, use, speed, information, price, complex(ity), and market. Digital bank users are concerned about price, speed of transfers, and product information, valuing the easy availability of services and operations in the financial market, with some constraints about the complexity of options used to manage their accounts and savings. While Gen X (older age) looks at digital banking mainly for the availability of services, Gen Y (middle age) takes more advantage of digital banking to explore the bank/financial market and perform operations anywhere, and Gen Z (younger age) simply for transfers. This study contributes to understanding the adoption of digital banking, allowing to propose a new conceptual map to explain e-banking usage and identifying what is more important for each Gen X, Y, and Z generation may adopt digital banking.
The use of cardiac-based metrics to assess secondary task engagement during automated and manual driving: An experimental simulation study
Authors: Luigi Di Stasi Leandro , Angioi Francesco , Fernandes Marcelo , De Cet Giulia , Jesus Caurcel M , Stojmenova Kristina , Sodnik Jaka , Prat Christophe , Díaz Piedra Carolina
Published: October 2023

Most driver monitoring systems (DMS) rely on cameras facing the driver while detecting their gaze or head position. Both future automated driving (AD) in-vehicle interactions and AD vehicle interior designs (e.g., seating arrangement) might drastically reduce the effectiveness of such camera-based DMS solutions, however. Thus, alternative solutions that do not rely on cameras, and therefore compatible with upcoming AD journey experiences, are worth being investigated. Here, we studied the behavior of several cardiac-based indices. We aimed to determine the effects of engaging in non-driving-related tasks (NDRT) in a semi-dynamic driving simulator on heart rate and heart rate variability parameters (here, we report the standard deviation of R-R intervals [SDRR]). We developed a 2 (AD vs. manual driving [MD] modalities) by 2 (one-hand vs. two-hand concurrent Task modality) within-participants experimental design. Thirty-two expert drivers drove along two highway scenarios (∼ 22 minutes each) in daylight conditions. Each scenario included four distraction periods. In each distraction period, participants performed a concurrent task in addition to their main task (i.e., driving the simulator during MD, supervising the system during AD). We monitored participants’ cardiac activity and collected performance levels on the NDRT, driving performance, as well as subjective ratings of task load. Cardiac-based indices clearly differentiated Task modality, with the two-hand task inducing higher heart rate and SDRR. Driving modality (MD vs. AD) only influenced heart rate, which increased during MD. Driving performance and subjective ratings, as well as performance on the NDRT, were able to reflect the experimental manipulation, with the two-hand concurrent task (in MD) being the most disruptive and demanding condition. Overall, these findings have the potential to improve future DMS design and road safety by providing accurate measurements of driver engagement. They can be key to assess future driver-vehicle interactions using for example, non-contact, more realistic, heart-rate radar-based sensor solutions.