bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anthocyanin characterization of young red wines from Appellation of Origin Navarra (Spain)
Authors: Noriega María José , Casp Ana
Published: June 2016

Aims: The aim of this paper is to study the anthocyanin profile of the monovarietal young red wines from the Appellation of Origin Navarra. Differentiation of wines according to age and grape variety (Tempranillo, Grenache and Cabernet-Sauvignon) was procured using the multivariate statistical methods.

Methods and results: The anthocyanin composition of wines was analysed by HPLC's technology. Then, the data were analysed statistically. In this way, principal component analysis and stepwise discriminant analysis classified correctly samples belonging to the same category. The anthocyanin 3-monoglucosides appeared as key factor in the differentiation of wines according to age. Largest relative concentrations in these anthocyanins were found in the youngest wines. In addition, a separation of wines according to variety is obtained in terms of their relative contents on the anthocyanin acetate derivatives.

Conclusion: A minimum number of anthocyanin compounds made classification of wines according to both age and grape variety possible in this work. Cabernet-Sauvignon is the variety that appeared to differ most from the rest, because it is the one that presents the major levels of the MvAc anthocyanin. The malvidin 3-monoglucoside was variable the highest discriminant power according to age. Using this variable exclusively, 80 % of correct classification was achieved.

Significance and impact of study:The importance of the anthocyanin compounds on the global quality of the young wine (1 or 2 years-old), has driven us to realize this work. It is important to know the evolution that these compounds suffer throughout the years in order to apply new technologies as for example the microoxygenation.
1H-NMR metabolic profiling of wines from three cultivans, three soil types and two contrasting vintages
Authors: Pereira Giuliano Elias , Gaudillère Jean-Pierre , Van Leeuwen Cornelis , Hilbert Ghislaine , Maucourt Mickaël , Deborde Catherine , Moing Annick , Rolin Dominique
Published: June 2016

Aims: Differences in wine flavour proceed primarily from grape quality. Environmental factors (climate, soil), cultivars and training systems modify many grape and wine quality traits. Metabolic profiling based on proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectra has been proved to be useful to study multifactorial effects of the vine environment on intricate grape quality traits. The capacity of this method to discriminate the environmental effects on wine has to be demonstrated.

Methods and results: : 1H-NMR spectra were made from wines produced with grapes harvested at maturity of three cultivars (Cabernet-Sauvignon, Cabernet franc and Merlot) and three soil types (gravely, sandy and clayey) during two vintages (2002 and 2003). Data were analysed by multivariate statistical methods. Principal component analysis applied on the NMR spectra data were not always able to separate satisfactorily wines from the 3 soil types. Conversely, partial least square analysis separated clearly the 3 soil types independently of the vintage and cultivar.

Conclusion: By comparing the NMR signals that contribute to the two first axes of the PCA and PLS analyses, a significant soil effect on NMR signals in wines is reported. However, the effect of the vintage on wine composition was greater then the effect of the soil type.

Significance and impact of study: After validation on a larger number of wine samples this chemical profiling will be a useful new method to the qualify wines in relation to climate, soil, and cultivar effects which contribute to the terroir.
Possible roles of both abscisic acid and indol-acetic acid in controlling grape berry ripening process
Authors: Deytieux-Belleau Christelle , Gagne Séverine , L'Hyvernay Annie , Donèche Bernard , Geny Laurence
Published: June 2016

Aims: The objective was to better understand the mechanisms involved in grape ripening that brings about important changes in the physiology and chemistry of the fruit. So we focused on the involvement of two growth regulators: abscisic acid (ABA) and indol-acetic acid (IAA) in controlling grape berry ripening process.

Methods and results: We described the evolution of the two plant growth regulators during the development of cv. Merlot grapes (Vitis vinifera L.). In order to better understand the role of ABA and IAA in the ripening control, these two growth regulators were applied on the grapes at the onset of veraison. The hormonal profile was established on treated berries and different physiological parameters were assayed to evaluate the effects of both applications. The partitioning of both plant growth regulators in nontreated berries showed that ABA and IAA accumulated at the onset of ripening. Moreover, it appeared that endogenous ABA decreased progressively in the flesh while accumulated in the skin from the beginning of the colour change to maturity. The hormonal treatments modified the hormonal profile and several physiological parameters: sugar, acidity, colour, and Botrytis sensibility.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that both treatments have modified the ripening process. Exogenous ABA has induced advancement in grape ripening, while IAA application has delayed this process. These observations support the view that the grape ripening process may be influenced by the hormonal status.

Significance and impact of study: This study gives new information about the ripening control of the non-climacteric fruits. In grape berries, it provides evidence of a possible co-involvement of ABA and IAA in controlling ripening process.
The origin of Brettanomyces bruxellensis in wines: a review
Authors: Renouf Vincent , Lonvaud-Funel Aline , Coulon Joana
Published: June 2016

Aims: This work reviews the latest knowledge concerning the role of Brettanomyces bruxellensis in red wine alteration.

Results and conclusion: The origin of this yeast species and its place in the wine microbial consortium are discussed as well as microbial equilibriums with the other species, notably Saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactic acid bacteria. As a consequence, fermentations are described as key steps in Brettanomyces development management. Furthermore, the influence of ageing through the use of traditional winemaking practices is explained.

Significance and impact of study: Finally, this paper emphases the need for a better understanding of chemical and microbial analysis together in order to better control this undesirable yeast and prevent the production of volatile phenols.
Water relations of woody perennial plant species
Authors: Shackel Kenneth A.
Published: June 2016

Aims: To describe the relation of various water status measures of woody perennial plants (predawn and midday stem and leaf water potential), to indices of physiological activity such as leaf conductance, vegetative growth and fruit growth and composition.

Methods and results: Almonds were exposed to three levels of irrigation over three years, and midday stem water potential (SWP) and leaf conductance, collected at approximately weekly intervals, is reported for the third year of the study. A strong linear increase in both leaf conductance and trunk growth occurred with increasing SWP, and this relation was consistent both within and between treatments. A similarly positive linear relation was found between SWP and fruit size in pear, with a negative relation between SWP and fruit soluble solids and fruit color. In grapevine, SWP was found to be uniform across all lower canopy positions tested (trunk, cordon and near the base of current year shoots) and positively correlated to early season shoot growth even before irrigation treatments were applied. Midday SWP was found to be more sensitive than midday leaf water potential (LWP) for detecting treatment differences over the course of the season, but both were well correlated to average seasonal leaf conductance within and between irrigation treatments. Predawn SWP and LWP were not as well correlated to average seasonal leaf conductance, but the most important factor determining midday leaf conductance was wind speed, indicating that grape leaf stomatal responses are quite sensitive to this environmental factor.

Conclusion: In a wide variety of woody crop species midday stem water potential (SWP) has been found to be a valuable tool for quantifying the degree of water stress experienced by the plant, and for understanding the physiological responses of the plant to water limited conditions. In grapevine, SWP detected irrigation differences over 1 month sooner than midday leaf water potential when the number of vines used and the number of samples taken were the same for both methods, and SWP had a higher correlation to leaf conductance than predawn leaf or stem water potential.

Significance and impact of study: SWP as a standard method for quantifying water stress in grapevine and other crops will aid research in the development of reliable management practices to improve crop productivity and quality.
Evaluation of PFGE and mtDNA restriction analysis methods to detect genetic diversity of saccharomyces cerevisiae strains associated to vitis vinifera
Authors: Vilanova Mar , Zamuz Sol , Masa Antón , Sieiro Carmen
Published: June 2016

Aims: The aim of this work was realize a comparative study of two different methods of Saccharomycec cerevisiae yeast strain characterization.

Methods and results: Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis (PFGE) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction analysis have been carried out to differentiate strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae associated to Vitis vinifera musts from different Galicia wineyard (NW Spain). Seventeen strains isolated from wineries from Galicia were used in this study.

Conclusion: The results have showed that although PFGE analysis technique has greater discriminatory power than mtDNA restriction analysis to detect genetic diversity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, some clones with the same PFGE profile can only be differentiated by mtDNA restriction analysis.

Significance and impact of study: Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of chromosome (PFGE), by its discriminating power, constitute an ideal technique for the differentiation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains in biotechnological industries, however, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction analysis is a rapid, simple and less expensive and time-consuming method. The results obtained demonstrate the value of using molecular genetic methods in taxonomic and ecological surveys.
Color and anthocyanin evaluation of red winegrapes by CIE L*, a*, b* parameters
Authors: Rolle Luca , Guidoni Silvia
Published: June 2016

Aims: The aim of this work was to study the color of the wine grapes using the CIELAB parameters and to develop colorimetric indexes which can be used as a rapid method to assess the anthocyanin content of the wine grapes in the vineyard.

Methods and results: L*, a*, b* parameters were measured by a reflectance spectrophotometer on eighteen red winegrapes at harvest. Two indexes were calculated: CIRG2, used as colorimetric index for table grapes and CIRWG (Color Index for Red Wine Grapes). These indexes showed effective potentialities for descriptive, taxonomic and ampelografic studies. Particularly the CIRWG index is more correlated to the total anthocyanin amount, while the CIRG2 is more correlated to the different forms of the anthocyanins.

Conclusion: The colorimetric indexes applied directly in the vineyard permit to assess the total anthocyanin content and to give further quickly information on grape quality and maturity.

Significance and impact of study: The development of analytical methods for the evaluation of anthocyanin immediates, easily applicable, at low cost in the field by grape-growers and winemakers, can be very useful in deciding the harvest date.
Ochratoxin a occurrence in Greek dry and sweet wines
Authors: Salaha Marie-Jeanne , Metafa Maria , Lanaridis Panos
Published: June 2016

Aims: To assess ochratoxin A (OTA) presence in Greek wines, according to the production area and the technology, as OTA risk is higher in wines from southern Europe. The effect of fining agents was examined in order to investigate OTA reduction.

Methods and results: Dry and sweet wines issued from research programs and trade wines were analyzed, according to the official HPLC method. Greek dry wines do not exceed the European limit of 2 ng/mL. The amount of OTA (in ng/mL) varies between 0 - 1,18 for dry white wines, 0 -1,00 for dry red wines. Among sweet wines, only fortified wines without alcoholic fermentation range between 0,50 -7,64, while other sweet wines range between 0,05 -1,73. Dry yeast reduced OTA by 25 - 60 % according to dosage and duration (1-10 weeks) while the effect of bentonite was 33 - 40 % reduction for a treatment of 3-6 days.

Conclusion: The picture for Greek wine production is positive, even in case of a future lowering of the European limit. OTA risk seems higher in the islands, particularly for some dessert wines. Results from wine treatment with fining agents support the theory of OTA adsorption onto suspended solids and the beneficial effect of yeast presence.

Significance and impact of study: Assessment of OTA danger for Greek wines and information concerning the effect of fining agents contribute to the production of wines free from contaminants and support wine economy.
Template for an IMEKO event paper
Authors: Bruns Thomas , Röske Dirk , Regtien Paul P. L. , Alegria Francisco
Published: June 2016

The editorial team of Acta IMEKO encourages authors to follow the instructions as described in this template file to produce their manuscript. The abstract should be composed in a way suitable for publication in the abstract section of electronic journals, and should state concisely what it is written in the paper. Important items are the aim of the research, the basic method and the major achievement (also numerically, when applicable). The length should not exceed 200 words.
Characterization of Power Quality transient phenomena of DC railway traction supply
Authors: Mariscotti Andrea
Published: June 2016

<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: ";Minion Pro";; mso-fareast-font-family: ";Times New Roman";; mso-bidi-font-family: ";Times New Roman";; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-GB">DC railways are considered as an example of a complex distribution network, featuring distributed supply and moving loads. The Power Quality phenomena affecting traction voltage are many, steady and transient, depending on the converter operations at substations and on-board vehicles. A classification is proposed and a discussion follows of the correct methods for their quantification, with reference to related standards and to the vast background related to ac networks. The characterization of PQ is related on one side to ripple and fluctuation of the pantograph variables for supply purposes, and on the other side to the appearance of specific components relevant for interference to signalling on the track. Considerations and conclusions are based on a large amount of measured waveforms, recorded on the Italian railway networks, and are aimed at contributing to the forthcoming standards on traction supply quality.
An electronic approach to homogenize the impedance phase characteristics of heterogeneous GMI sensors
Authors: Silva Eduardo Costa da , Gusmão Luiz A. P. , Barbosa Carlos Roberto Hall , Monteiro Elisabeth Costa
Published: June 2016

Over the last decade, Giant Magnetoimpedance (GMI) sensors have been studied as a new possibility for measuring ultra-weak magnetic fields. To achieve that goal, the employment and optimization of gradiometric configurations are a key factor to reduce the magnetic interference. The performance of GMI gradiometers is strongly related to the homogeneity of the impedance characteristics of the GMI samples. This work presents a method and corresponding electronic implementation to homogenize the phase characteristics of heterogeneous GMI samples, aiming at improving the performance of phase-based GMI magnetometers.
Design of an efficient mobile measurement system for urban pollution monitoring
Authors: Ferrigno Luigi , Bernieri Andrea , Capriglione Domenico , Laracca Marco
Published: June 2016

In recent years, the pollution monitoring in urban areas has become one of the most critical issues for local public authorities, which wish (or must) verify that pollution levels not exceed limits considered unsafe or that are regulated by local laws. Generally, the pollution monitoring is performed by using measurement stations located in few points of the region of interest since these stations are generally characterized by high costs, weights, and dimensions. Then, the pollution levels over the remaining area are predicted by means of suitable interpolation models. Due to the great variety of urban scenarios, it becomes very difficult to obtain reliable pollution levels in area in which the measurements has not been directly taken but only predicted. Consequently, the pollution monitoring can suffer of a lack of reliable information indispensable for the actuation of proper environmental management policies.
In this framework, this paper proposes a mobile measurement system for the real time monitoring of environmental pollutions over urban areas. The proposed approach is based on the use of a set of vehicles, typically employed for public transportation inside the urban area, equipped with the proposed mobile measurement system allowing it to measure, store, and transmit the acquired data to a remote supervisor unit somewhere on the path followed by the vehicles. Particular attention has been paid on the definition of the metrological characteristics of the measurement devices with the aims of complying with the applicable European Directives accuracy requirements and of selecting a suitable trade-off between accuracy and cost. The experimental measurement campaign performed on a suitable urban scenario has confirmed the goodness of the proposed system.
Two-Stage Current Transformer with Electronic Compensation
Authors: Slomovitz Daniel , Trigo Leonardo , Faverio Carlos
Published: June 2016

A current transformer with electronic assistance was developed, intended for current to voltage transducers. It is based on the two-stage principle, and it includes electronic compensation for magnetizing errors as well as capacitive errors. The nominal input currents go from 1 A up to 100 A, and the nominal output current is 0.2 A. Using a load of 10 Ohm, the nominal output voltage is 2 V, with 0.4 W of dissipation.
Application of intelligent image processing in the construction material industry
Authors: Anding Katharina , Garten Daniel , Linß Elske
Published: June 2016

This paper discusses two analysis activities in the construction material industry, which could be solved by intelligent image processing algorithms. The first task is the optical identification of recycled aggregates of construction and demolition waste (CDW) as basis of an innovative sorting method on the field of processing of CDW. The second and far more complicated task due to very high phenotypical object variabilities within the subclasses is the optical analysis of samples from mineral aggregates. The application of automatically optical identification methods can save time and thus costs. This is an important factor for small and medium-sized companies in the construction material industry.
Real-time smart meters network for energy management
Authors: Del Prete Giuseppe , Gallo Daniele , Landi Carmine , Luiso Mario
Published: June 2016

In this paper, an architecture of a low-cost ARM-based Smart Metering network is presented. The system is designed to be suitable for Smart Grids applications aimed to a more efficient energy use according to the article 13 of Directive 2006/32/EC. The network is composed by several slave smart meters that continuously monitor loads and energy generators to make available information in real-time such as power and energy consumption/generation and several power quality parameters communicating them via CAN bus to specific master device called data aggregator. This device, integrating the information coming from field devices (energy demands of loads, the current energy production and co-generator status), with information obtained through the web access (a prevision on the expected availability of energy produced by renewable sources, current and future energy price, customer remote setting), can take decisions to implement a suitable energy management aimed to cost saving or whatever else strategy chosen by customer. Data aggregator also allows checking current consumption locally, thanks to a display, and remotely, using the web browser access. To prevent external attacks a low computational burden protection software based on Message Authentication Code (MAC) has been implemented. Finally, characterization test of realized apparatus have shown good performance both in terms of communication delays and measurement uncertainty.
New education strategy in quality measurement technique with image processing technologies - chances, applications and realisation
Authors: Rosenberger Maik
Published: June 2016

According to the publication "New education strategy in quality measurement technique with image processing technologies" presented on the 14th Joint International IMEKO TC1+TC7+TC13 Symposium, in this paper further issues were discussed. So the theory of quality charts especially with the use of data sets generated with camera sensors are enlarged in this publication. Furthermore an additional application, developed in the department Quality assurance and Industrial Image Processing was added to this issue. The main focus of this paper lays on the realization, how to combine image processing with classical quality assurance methods. To gain the importance of this trial two industrial applications were used to describe the problem. Mostly the technical realization of sensor systems and data processing is completely separated to quality inspection tasks. To close this gap special trainings as well as special parts in the lectures were developed and structured. In sum it ends to one deepening direction, Opto Techniques in the consecutive Master - Bachelor program Optronic on the Ilmenau University of Technology.
Fundamental concepts of measurement
Authors: Finkelstein L.
Published: June 2016

This is a reissue of a paper which appeared in ACTA IMEKO 1973, Proceedings of the 6th Congress of the International Measurement Confederation, "Measurement and instrumentation", 17.-23.6.1973, Dresden, vol. 1, pp. 11-27.

The paper proposes a clear, synthetic presentation of some basics of the measurement science.
Intelligent instrumentation: a quality challenge
Authors: Kohoutek H. J.
Published: June 2016

This is a reissue of a paper which appeared in ACTA IMEKO 1988, Proceedings of the 11th Triennial World Congress of the International Measurement Confederation (IMEKO), "Instrumentation for the 21st century", 16.-21.10.1988, Houston, pp. 337-345.

After a review and description of current trends in the design of electronic measurement and analytical instrumentation, changes in its application and use, and of associated quality issues, this paper deals with new quality issues emerging from the expected increase of artificial intelligence impact on system design and implementation strategies. The concept of knowledge quality in all its aspects (i.e. knowledge levels, representation, storage, and processing) is identified as the key new issue. Discussion of crucial knowledge quality attributes and associated assurance strategies suggests the need to enrich the assurance sciences and technologies by the methods and tools of applied epistemology. Described results from current research and investigation, together with first applications of artificial intelligence to particular analytical instruments, lead to conclusion that the conceptual framework of quality management is, in general, adequate for successful resolution of all quality issues associated with intelligent instrumentation.
The Proposed New SI: Consequences For Mass Metrology
Authors: Schwartz Roman , Borys Michael
Published: June 2016

At its 24th meeting in October 2011 the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) adopted a Resolution on the possible future revision of the International System of Units (SI). This paper provides an overview of the proposed changes to the SI, the focus being on the proposed redefinition of the kilogram and possible consequences for mass metrology.
Modelling of a Dynamic Torque Calibration Device and Determination of Model Parameters
Authors: Klaus Leonard , Bruns Thomas , Kobusch Michael
Published: June 2016

For the dynamic calibration of torque transducers, a calibration device has been developed. This paper describes the model of the measuring device and methods for the determination of its model parameters. The modelling of the calibration set-up is required for the identification of the corresponding model parameters of the torque transducer under test. These parameters describe the transducer's dynamic behaviour. Measurement methods and devices for the determination of mass moment of inertia and torsional stiffness are explained. This research is part of EMRP JRP IND09 - "Traceable Dynamic Measurement of Mechanical Quantities".
An approach to determining the Brinell hardness indentation diameter based on contact position
Authors: Ma Li , Low Samuel , Song John
Published: June 2016

Significant differences in Brinell hardness results have been observed worldwide, largely due to the curved surface at the indentation edge making it difficult to measure its diameter. The indenter/material contact boundary under the test force should be the basis for the Brinell indentation diameter; however, the contact boundary cannot be observed using an optical microscope after the indenter is removed as is required by the test methods. Finite element analysis (FEA) models were used to develop a method to effectively determine the location of the indentation contact boundary after unloading, allowing the indentation diameter to be physically defined and measured.
A novel intelligent instrument for the detection and monitoring of thrust reverse noise at airports
Authors: Asensio C. , Ruiz M. , Recuero M. , Moschioni G. , Tarabini M.
Published: June 2016

Many airports all over the world have established restrictions for the use of thrust reverse for slowing down aircraft after landings, especially during the night period, as a way of reducing noise impact and the number of complaints in the vicinity of airports. This is the case of Madrid airport, where the Universidad PolitÃ©cnica de Madrid, in collaboration with AENA, and the Politecnico di Milano have been researching, and developing intelligent instruments to improve the detection and classification of thrust reverse noise among other noise sources present in the airport. Based on a traditional approach, the thrust reverse noise detection tool detects two consecutive sound events, and applies pattern recognition techniques for the classification of each of them (such as landing and thrust reverse). A second improvement refers to the use of a microphone array linked to a noise- monitoring unit, which enables tracking the direction of arrival of the sound, thus improving the classification rates. By taking the latter, it is also possible to track the aircraft location along the runway, which enables sound pressure measurements to be transformed into sound power level estimations. Although the novel instrument can still be optimized and customized, the results have shown quite good classification rates (over 90%).
Development, implementation and characterization of a DSP based data acquisition system with on-board processing
Authors: Pinto Pedro , Gouveia JosÃ© , Ramos Pedro Miguel
Published: June 2016

This paper presents the development, implementation and characterization of a data acquisition (DAQ) system capable of on-board processing the acquired data. The system features four differential channels, with 1 MHz bandwidth, simultaneous acquisition, 9 independent bipolar ranges, and a maximum sampling rate of 600 kS/s. The analog DAQ inputs are protected against incorrect connections even direct connection to the power grid voltage. This protection ensures that the DAQ can recover to full operation without the need to replace any damaged components or fuses. A 450 MHz SHARC digital signal processor (ADSP 21489) is used to control the system and perform on-board processing. Interface between the system and a personal computer is through a USB Hiâ€‘speed connection.
Power system of the Guanay II AUV
Authors: Masmitjà  Rusinyol Ivan , González Julián , Masmitjà  Gerard , Gomáriz Spartacus , Del-Río-Fernández Joaquí­n
Published: June 2016

Guanay II is an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) designed to perform measurements in a water column. In this paper the aspects of the vehicle's power system are presented with particular focus on the power elements and the state of charge of the batteries. The system performs both measurement and monitoring tasks and also controls the state of charge (SoC) of the batteries. It allows simultaneous charging of all batteries from outside the vehicle and has a wireless connection/disconnection mode. Guanay II uses a NiCd battery and for this reason the current integration as a SoC methodology has been selected. Moreover, it has been validated that it is possible to obtain instant consumption from the SoC circuit. Finally, laboratory and vehicle navigation tests have been performed to validate the correct operation of the systems and the reliability of the measured data.
Statistical characterization of the 2.45 GHz propagation channel aboard trains
Authors: Liccardo Annalisa , Mariscotti Andrea , Marrese Attilio , Pasquino Nicola , Schiano Lo Moriello Rosario
Published: June 2016

The propagation channel aboard trains is investigated with reference to the propagation path loss within cars, the delay spread and the coherence bandwidth. Results show that the path loss exponent is slightly smaller than in free space, possibly due to reflections by metal walls, and that it does not depend significantly on the position of transmitter and receiver. The delay spread and coherence bandwidth depend on both the polarization and distance between transmitter and receiver while the effect of interaction is not statistically significant. The best fit for both delay spreadâ€™s and coherence bandwidthâ€™s experimental distribution is also investigated. Results show that it does not always match models suggested in the literature and that the fit changes with the values of the input parameters. Finally, the functional law between coherence bandwidth and delay spread is determined. Results typically match expectations although the specific measurement configuration effects the model parameters.
Simultaneous power quality analysis of feeders in MV utility power stations
Authors: Nikolic Aleksandar B , Babic Blagoje , Zigic Aleksandar , Miladinovic Nikola , Milosavljevic Srdjan
Published: June 2016

The development of a low-cost, space saving device that could simultaneously take measurements from all (usually eight or up to twelve) outgoing three-phase feeders in a distribution substation is presented in this paper. To meet these requirements, at least 3 voltage measurements and 36 current measurements should be performed at the same time. In order to save space but not to reduce the measurement accuracy, a data acquisition system is designed based on real-time multiprocessing with a microcontroller and an FPGA circuit. Voltage and current measurements and their corresponding higher-order harmonics are calculated using a fast FPGA circuit, while other calculations (power, power factor, voltage and current phase angles, etc.) are performed in the microcontroller. Further savings are obtained using multichannel analog input modules with multiplexed inputs. Communication with the supervising computer is done using a GPRS modem or wireless network module depending of the station location. Results obtained in the laboratory and later in an industrial prototype confirm the proposed solution.
Set up and characterization of a measuring system for PQ measurements in a MV site with PV generation
Authors: Crotti Gabriella , Giordano Domenico
Published: June 2016

The features of a Power Quality measurement system which includes both voltage and current transducers and a self-developed measuring instrument are described. The system is intended for measurements in substations at medium voltage level. A Rogowski coil and a voltage divider are the used transducers, whereas the measuring instrument is based on a Reconfigurable I/O-FPGA system with embedded software. Attention is focused on the procedures adopted for the characterization of the voltage and current sensors, which are carried out taking into account the expected on-site measurement conditions. An example of use of the systems for measurement of some PQ parameters in a private substation which connects an industrial load and two photo-voltaic generation plants to the public MV voltage network is presented, together with the associated voltage and current uncertainty budget. By making use of the results obtained in the characterization phase, the current and voltage measurement uncertainty can be reduced.
Machine vision systems for on line quality monitoring in industrial applications
Authors: Di Leo Giuseppe , Liguori Consolatina , Paolillo Alfredo , Pietrosanto Antonio
Published: June 2016

This paper is concerned with the topic of non-contact measurements for industrial applications. It presents the case of vision-based systems realized by the authors expressly for the measurement of geometric and/or chromatic parameters of rubber profiles for the automotive industry. After a brief description of the extrusion process, a stereo vision system for the on-line measurement of the dimensional characteristics of the profile transversal section is first described in all its main components and features, then two modules for the inspection of the finish of profile surfaces are presented.
Geometric part of uncertainties in the calculation constant of the primary four electrode conductivity cell.
Authors: Mikhal Alexander , Warsza Zygmunt
Published: June 2016

The paper presents the construction of a primary four electrode conductivity cell with calculated constant for the Ukrainian primaryÂ  standard of electrolytic conductivity (EC). The equations for calculating the cell constant and the error budget for calculating uncertainty are presented. The components of the budget are: errors due to the non-uniformity of the force lines of the electric field; errorsÂ  due to the accuracy of measurement standards and measuring instruments for determining length and diameter of the tube; andÂ  errors due to manufacturing techniques of tubes and their assemblage. The article considers in detail the errors due to the non-ideal profile of the central part of the tube. Two methods to reduce the standard deviation are given: the method of linear interpolation forÂ  compensation of the concave form which occurs along the axis of the tube and the method of equivalent triangles to compensate forÂ  deviations from a circle that occur across the axis of the tube.
Direct Calibration Chain for Hand Torque Screwdrivers from the National Torque Standard
Authors: Ogushi Koji , Nishino Atsuhiro , Maeda Koji , Ueda Kazunaga
Published: June 2016

Hand torque screwdrivers are used for the fastening control of screws in almost all precise mechanical and electrical parts. This paper describes the realization of a direct calibration chain for hand torque screwdrivers traceable to the national torque standard. The calibration methods for a reference torque screwdriver using a primary torque standard machine, a torque screwdriver tester using the reference torque screwdriver, and hand torque screwdrivers using the torque screwdriver tester are described respectively. Uncertainty evaluation methods for each calibration level are also explained. The effectiveness of the calibration chain for hand torque screwdrivers could be demonstrated.
Defect detection in stainless steel tubes with AMR and GMR sensors using remote field eddy current inspection
Authors: Ribeiro Artur Lopes , Ribeiro A. Lopes , Ramos Helena G. , Rocha Tiago J.
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this paper is to compare the performance of the giant magneto-resistor (GMR) and anisotropic magneto-resistor (AMR) sensors for remote field eddy current testing in stainless steel tubes. Two remote field eddy current probes were built to compare detection and characterization capabilities in standard defects like longitudinal and transverse defects. Both probes include a coil to produce a sinusoidal magnetic field that penetrates the tube wall. Each probe includes a detector with GMR and AMR sensors, where each sensor has four magneto-resistive elements configured in a Wheatstone bridge. Each sensor needs to be biased differently to operate in the high sensitivity linear mode. The description of the measurement system used to detect defects is present in the paper. For the choice of the detector optimal position, numerical simulation and experimental measurements were performed. For comparison of these sensors in defect detection using remote field eddy current testing, the experimental measurements were performed under the same conditions. The results are presented and discussed in the paper.
Positioning uncertainty of the Tricept type parallel kinematic structure
Authors: Kureková Eva , Omachelová Milada , Halaj Martin , Martišovitš Ilja
Published: June 2016

The paper discusses theoretical aspects that arised during determination of theoretical positioning accuracy of parallel kinematic structures (PKS) with special regard to the Tricept type PKS. Apart from the conventional serial structures that employ translate or rotational movement (or their combination) of individual driving axes, parallel structures comprise a set of telescopic driving rods that are joined together via solid platform. Due to this fact, the mathematical model describing relationship between the driving actions of telescopic rods and resulting coordinates of the desired effector's endpoint is rather complex. To determine the theoretically achievable positioning accuracy of the endpoint, authors investigated theoretical influence of geometrical imperfections of the machine design and employed the law of uncertainties propagation. Their aim was to investigate theoretically achievable positioning accuracy of the machine prior to the final design solutions thus helping the designer to optimize the machine's design.
Accuracy of railway track conductance and joint efficiency measurement methods
Authors: Bongiorno Jacopo , Mariscotti Andrea
Published: June 2016

The IEC 62128-2 (EN 50122-2) indicates methods for the measurement of rail-to-earth conductance and insulating rail joint efficiency in dc electrified railways. These methods are reviewed, considering the influence of system parameters on the accuracy and variability of results. This work reports a characterization and quantification of the uncertainty and limits of validity, as well as some practical considerations on the execution of measurements
Measurement of human movement under metrological controlled conditions
Authors: Crenna Francesco , Rossi Giovanni Battista , Palazzo Alice
Published: June 2016

The study and modelling of human movement requires accurate measurement of forces and of kinematic quantities, with proper control and monitoring of measurement uncertainty. The metrological aspects of such experimentation are often overlooked in the biomechanical literature. In contrast, we present here a complete measurement system that combines a double force platform with vision and inertial sensors, with some degree of instrumental redundancy, which permits a cross-validation of different measuring channels. Therefore, the system permits the characterization of a person's movement, enabling, at the same time, the verification of the acquired experimental data. Details are provided on the system and on the measurement procedure, in order that experimentation can be reproduced, if needed, in other laboratories. Then, as a test case, the experimental study of hopping is considered. Experimental results are discussed, with special focus on kinematic quantities, and system performance is discussed, by properly accounting for uncertainty issues.
Systematic quality control for long term ocean observations and applications
Authors: Toma Daniel M. , Benadí Albert Garcia , Manuel-Gonzalez Bernat-Joan , Del-Río-Fernandez Joaquin
Published: June 2016

With the advances of last year's technologies many new observation platforms have been created and connected on network for the diffusion of numerous and diverse observations, and also it provided a great possibility to connect all kind of people facilitating the creations of great scale and long-term studies. This paper is focused on the marine observations and platforms employed for this scope. Real time data and the big data have to accomplish some minimal quality of data requirements. Usually, the task to ensure these quality requirements is accomplished by the platforms responsible. The aim of paper is to explain the design of these quality control systems and its implementation in an ocean observation platform.
Spectroscopic fingerprinting techniques for food characterisation
Authors: Casale Monica , Bagnasco Lucia , Casolino Chiara , Lanteri Silvia , Leardi Riccardo
Published: June 2016

The analysis of samples by using spectroscopic fingerprinting techniques is more and more common and widespread. Such approaches are very convenient, since they are usually fast, cheap and non-destructive. In many applications no sample pretreatment is required, the acquisition of the spectrum can be performed in about one minute and no solvents are required. As a consequence, the return on investment of the related technology is very high.
The "disadvantage" of these techniques is that, being the signal non-selective, simple mathematical approaches (e.g., Lambert-Beer law) cannot be applied. Instead, a multivariate treatment must be performed by using chemometrics tools.
In what concerns food analysis, they can be applied in several steps, from the evaluation of the quality and the conformity of raw material to the assessment of the quality of the final product, to the monitoring of the shelf life of the product itself. Another interesting field of application is the verification of food-authenticity claims, this being extremely important in the case of foods labeled as protected designation of origin (PDO), protected geographical indication (PGI) and traditional speciality guaranteed (TSG).
In the present paper, it is described how non-selective signals can be used for obtaining useful information about a food.
Rapid electrochemical screening methods for food safety and quality
Authors: Moscone Danila , Volpe Giulia , Arduini Fabiana , Micheli Laura
Published: June 2016

This paper presents some examples of rapid, simple and cost effective screening methods that can be realized by the use of Screen Printed Electrodes (SPEs) coupled with portable and cheap instrumentation, for the monitoring of food safety and quality. When necessary, these SPEs have been modified with nanomaterials in order to improve their performance and then their analytic characteristics. Arsenic detection, for example, has been obtained with SPEs modified with of a composite of nanostructured Carbon Black and Au nanoparticles, while for the pesticide detection the SPEs were modified with Prussian Blue nanoparticles in addition to the enzyme Butyrylcholinesterase. In the case of immunosensors, a high sensitivity has been obtained making the entire immunological chain to happen on the surface of magnetic beads (MBs), finally collected on the surface of screen printed arrays with the aid of magnets located just under the working electrodes. Application to real samples demonstrates the effectiveness of such approaches.
Intersection of Living in a Rural Versus Urban Area and Race/Ethnicity in Explaining Access to Health Care in the United States
Authors: Caldwell Julia T. , Ford Chandra L. , Wallace Steven P. , Wang May C. , Takahashi Lois M.
Published: June 2016

Objectives. To examine whether living in a rural versus urban area differentially exposes populations to social conditions associated with disparities in access to health care.

Methods. We linked Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (2005–2010) data to geographic data from the American Community Survey (2005–2009) and Area Health Resource File (2010). We categorized census tracts as rural and urban by using the Rural–Urban Commuting Area Codes. Respondent sample sizes ranged from 49 839 to 105 306. Outcomes were access to a usual source of health care, cholesterol screening, cervical screening, dental visit within recommended intervals, and health care needs met.

Results. African Americans in rural areas had lower odds of cholesterol screening (odds ratio[OR] = 0.37; 95% confidence interval[CI] = 0.25, 0.57) and cervical screening (OR = 0.48; 95% CI = 0.29, 0.80) than African Americans in urban areas. Whites had fewer screenings and dental visits in rural versus urban areas. There were mixed results for which racial/ethnic group had better access.

Conclusions. Rural status confers additional disadvantage for most of the health care use measures, independently of poverty and health care supply.
Willingness to Use Health Insurance at a Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic: A Survey of Patients at 21 US Clinics
Authors: Pearson William S. , Cramer Ryan , Tao Guoyu , Leichliter Jami S. , Gift Thomas L. , Hoover Karen W.
Published: June 2016

Objectives. To survey patients of publicly funded sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics across the United States about their willingness to use health insurance for their visit.

Methods. In 2013, we identified STD clinics in 21 US metropolitan statistical areas with the highest rates of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention surveillance reports. Patients attending the identified STD clinics completed a total of 4364 surveys (response rate = 86.6%).

Results. Nearly half of the insured patients were willing to use their health insurance. Patients covered by government insurance were more likely to be willing to use their health insurance compared with those covered by private insurance (odds ratio [OR] =  3.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.79, 4.65), and patients covered by their parents’ insurance were less likely to be willing to use their insurance compared with those covered by private insurance (OR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.52, 1.00). Reasons for unwillingness to use insurance were privacy and out-of-pocket cost.

Conclusions. Before full implementation of the Affordable Care Act, privacy and cost were barriers to using health insurance for STD services.

Public Health Implications. Barriers to using health insurance for STD services could be reduced through addressing issues of stigma associated with STD care and considering alternative payment sources for STD services.
TEST
Authors: Fedor Craig
Published: June 2016

TESTING