bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constraints Faced by the Farm Based Agri-Input Enterpreneurs in Central Telangana Region
Authors: Srishailam B. , Jirli B. , Manasa Keesam
Published: January 2022

In a situation when farmers’ suicide and distress sell still remain the key issues in India’s Agricultural scenario, we are dreaming of achieving a double income for the farming community. This gap in the income level of farmers can only be bridged by adopting newer income generating opportunities like establishing Farm based enterprises. Farm based enterprises are the vehicles for transforming rural India, these enterprises are maintained by the agripreneurs and this are the people enthusiastically more interestedly established units in agriculture especially in rural areas. Main aim of my research is to knowing about the constraints faced by the farm based agri input entrepreneurs and their impact on rural people especially on farmers of the area. The research investigation was conducted in Central Telangana region of Sanga Reddy district it consists of three revenue divisions namely Zahirabad, Narayanakhed and Sanga Reddy. From each revenue division Nine blocks were selected purposively using simple random sampling method thus making up a total of 26 blocks. From out of 26 Blocks each block 09 respondents interviewed and collected data with help of specially designed interview schedule it constitutes a total of 234 farm based agri-input entrepreneurs. The exploratory research design was used for the study. the objective to know the problems experienced by the Farm based Agripreneurs to start and run the farm-based enterprises. Constraints of agripreneurs stated that inadequate field diagnostic skills, lack of seed availability and storage facilities, high transportation costs, lack of financial facilities etc. are major Constraints faced by the farm based agri input entrepreneurs.
Market Vendor’s Poor Adherence to Sops for COVID-19: A Potential Source for Transmission of the Virus to the Local Communities. A Case Study of Sironko District
Authors: Kudamba Ali , Walusansa Abdul , Ssenku Jamil E. , A. Okurut Shaban , Namagembe Habib , Nakitende Sumayah , Wanda Duncan , Wasangayi Jabin , Shaban Mubajje Muhamad , M. Kafero Hussein
Published: January 2022

Introduction: COVID-19 is one of the huge health burdens on the earth in the recent times. Massive campaigns on the adherence to standard operation procedures (SOPs) have been emphasized by the Government of Uganda and even the county has been put in two lockdowns to curtail the spread of this disease. Despite all these efforts, market vendors in Sironko district have seemingly not complied with these SOPs and this makes them potential hotspot for disease transmission, but no qualitative study has so far been documented. Therefore, the current study investigated the adherence of SOPs for COVID-19 amongst market vendors in this area.

Methodology: A qualitative survey research design was adopted and a total of 53 participants, selected by both purposeful and simple random were involved. Interview, focus group discussion and observations techniques were used in data collection. The date was analyzed by the statistical software called MedCalc, version 20.0008

Results: The result showed that 65 % were females, most were aged between 29 females aged between 31-40 year took part in the study contributing 55% to the total subjects and married and of which 37 (70 %) were married. The market experienced challenges of inadequate & inappropriate facilities for SOPs but water was abundant (45, 85 %). All the SOPs for COVID-19 were flouted in these markets. 

Conclusions: Market vendor rarely adhered to SOPs for COVID-19 and this makes them a potential source for transmission of COVID-19 to the local communities in the entire sub-regions. Therefore, there is need for department of production in Sironko district to re-enforce observance to SOPs guidelines for COVID-19 in this area.
Documentation of Indigenous Traditional Knowledge (ITK) on Commonly Available Plants in Koira Range, Bonai Forest Division, Sundargarh, Odisha, India
Authors: Kumar N Sanath , Mishra Sweta , Kumar Sanjeet
Published: January 2022

Mining activities are an important source of revenue for the development of the nation. However, it creates lots of social and ecological imbalance. The major remarked problem is that the local communities of mining areas losses their Indigenous Traditional Practices. Keeping this in view, an attempt has been made to document the indigenous traditional knowledge on commonly available plants in Koira Range, a mining impacted areas of the Bonai Forest Division, Odisha, India. Twenty nine villages of 4 sections are selected for present survey works. The results revealed that about 63 plants are commonly used by the local communities for different purposes. The practices are documented through present study. The present work will provide a baseline data for conservation strategy and biological activities including value addition of available plant wealth.
Rehabilitation Strategies in Management of Complex Case of Cervical Burst Fracture- A Case Report
Authors: Gabada Rishika H. , Kasatwar Pooja , Kulkarni Chaitanya A.
Published: January 2022

A burst fracture is a descriptive term for an injury to the spine in which the vertebral body is severely compressed. They typically occur from severe trauma, such as a motor vehicle accident or a fall from a height. With a great deal of force vertically onto the spine, a vertebra may be crushed .If it is only crushed in the front part of the spine, it becomes wedge shaped and is called a compression fracture. However, if the vertebral body is crushed in all directions it is called a burst fracture. Burst fractures cause severe pain. The diagnosis of a burst fracture is usually made by x-rays and a CT scan. Occasionally, an MRI scan may be ordered as well, in order to assess the amount of soft tissue trauma, bleeding or ligament disruption. The review of the CT scan and x-rays allows the treating physician to make a determination as to the level of the fracture, whether it is a compression fracture, burst fracture or fracture dislocation. A spinal compression fracture also may be caused by trauma to the spine. Events that may cause trauma to the spine can include: A car accident, a hard fall or a fall from a height of more than 15 feet, landing on the feet, and a blow to the head. Any fall from a standing height that results in a spinal compression fracture or any other fracture most likely indicates weak bones due to osteoporosis. The physical exam should be performed to document both spinal deformity, that is, angulation of the spine or tenderness of the spine at the level of fracture, as well as, a neurologic exam. Neurologic exam should include testing of the muscle strength, sensation, and reflexes of the lower extremities, as well as, testing of bowel and bladder sphincter control. A 36 year old man was brought to the hospital as he had a fall from electric pole approximately 20 feet height. He had sustaining injury to the neck. Surgery was done as patient was diagnosed with C6 burst fracture with fracture dislocation of C5-C7. Therapeutic Interventions includes exercises, strengthening exercises, cervical fracture fixation, and traction.
Design of Lipid Nanoparticles Containing Fenugreek Seed Extract
Authors: Ananth P. , Koland Marina , Deshpande Sridhar , Mahendra G. S.
Published: January 2022

Background: The main purpose of this study was to maximize the efficacy of fenugreek seed extract by loading it in an optimised solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) formula.

Methods: To achieve an effective extraction method, preliminary studies were carried out to confirm the extract, and the extract was standardised using trigonelline. The influence of independent variables lipid concentration (X1), surfactant concentration (X2), and cosurfactant concentration (X3) on dependent variables particle size (Y1) and entrapment efficiency (Y2) was also studied and optimised using the Box–Behnken design. Melt emulsification followed by ultrasonication was used to prepare SLN formulations. To understand the effect of independent variables on the dependent quality parameters, response surface plots and mathematical equations were produced.

Results: The results confirmed that soxhalation was the most suitable method for extraction of fenugreek seeds, confirmed by standardization. Further optimization revealed that particle sizes ranged from 193.4 to 312.3 nm, with entrapment efficiencies ranging from 61.2 to 74.32 percent. This implies that the developed formulations can be used for further in vitro and in vivo characterizations.
Social Grievances and Drugs Rummage-Sale as Performance Enhancement Attitude of Mature Athletes – An Inferential Approach
Authors: Javed Saeed , Shoukat Aisha , Naseer Abida , Jafar Muhammad , Safdar Nabeel , Sher Ali
Published: January 2022

Objective: The central objective of the present study was to determine the relationship between social grievances and drugs rummage-sale (performance enhancement attitude) of the mature athletes of Pakistan and examine their difference as well.

Methodology: The targeted population was mature national athletes belonging to national sports departments. The respondents were recruited through snowball and convenient sampling methods. Total 105 questionnaires were posted at the given addresses of athletes. However, 73 athletes (69.5%) returned the questionnaires. For achieving study objectives, quantitative approach was adopted wherein several statistical tests were performed including descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, and t-test analyses and implemented to draw the required study findings.

Results: The findings revealed that a strong association exists between social grievances and drugs rummage use. Therefore, the relationship was considered positive and highly significant among the constructs. On the other hand, the findings revealed no difference between social grievances and drugs rummage-use. The findings revealed that social grievance and drug rummage-sale positively contribute to enhance the sports performance of athletes.

Conclusion: It was concluded that athletes use drugs for several purposes such as enhancing performance, competing for highest sports level, gaining fame, and jobs opportunities. However, with these benefits, the athletes fell in diverse health complications as a side effect of drugs being taken for above said purposes.
Study on the Anti-cancer Potential of Aegle marmelos Fruit Extract Pro and Anti Apoptotic Molecule in Human Melanoma Cell Line-A375
Authors: Venkatakarthikeswari G. V. , Devi R. Gayatri , Selavaraj J. , Priya A. Jothi
Published: January 2022

Aegle marmelos is also known as bael which is commonly found in south East Asia and Indian-sub continent. The origin of bael is India. Bael is also known as the golden apple, Bengal-quince in India. In the ancient medical system, Aegle marmelos play an important role and its extract is also useful in inflammation, diabetes, cancer and asthma. The leaves are used for anti-inflammatory, nervous disorder, control blood sugar and fruit is used to treat antiviral, anti-diabetics, and brain and heart tonic. In addition, studies have proved that bael is used for the treatment and prevention of cancer. The main aim of this study is to assess the anti-cancer potential of Aegle marmelos fruit extract pro and anti apoptotic molecules in human melanoma cell line-A375. In the present study, Human Melanoma A375 cells will be produced, grown and will be passed in different culture flasks, then RNA isolation was done and by reverse transcriptase process, RNA gets converted into cDNA. This cDNA will be used for the amplification of growth factor beta using gene specific primers by commercially available real time PCR kit.  The anticancer potential effect was found in 400µg/ml, as the concentration increases, the cell viability is decreased. The current study explains the potential application of bael in pharmacological and medicinal uses in near future.
Resistance Exercise Reduces the Necessity for Hypoglycemic Agent (Humulin) in Overweight Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Selvi P. , Manivannan V. , Martina G. Liji , Senbagavalli V. , Thanuja C. Selvin , Rengarajan N.
Published: January 2022

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is currently treated with blood sugar monitoring, nutritional supplements, increased fatal police work, and hypoglycemic agent medical help PRN to achieve and maintain normoglycemia. Even though humulin therapy has been demonstrated to reduce low birth weight in women with GDM, using hypoglycemic drugs is likely challenging and may not address peripheral hypoglycemic agent resistance, which is a critical role in the development of GDM. Furthermore, the use of aggressive low blood sugar medication therapy may result in a twofold rise in the amount of small-for-gestational-age infants. The resistance exercise was used in overweight women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Because resistance exercise increase the lean body muscle or decrease the body fat and Resistance exercise is an effective glycaemic management and cardio metabolic health strategy.

Methods: Fifteen patients with physiological condition DM were arbitrarily assigned whether it's to a group that received strength training or to a group that did not receive strength training to scale back the necessity for the hypoglycaemic agent.

Results: Despite therapy, the number of girls who required hypoglycemic agent medical care has been the same. However, a meta-analysis with only overweight girls (pre-pregnancy BMI) revealed that the exercise cluster used to have a lower rate of hypoglycemic medication use (P<05) than that of the non-exercise receiving patients.

Conclusion: Resistance exercise coaching might facilitate to avoid hypoglycaemic agent medical aid for pregnant overweight girls with physiological state diabetes
Antibacterial Activity of Padikara Parpam against ESBL Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Akilan Anitha , Anthony Josephine , Kasthuri Revathi
Published: January 2022

Aims: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of Padikara Parpam against Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia Coli and Klebsiella Pneumoniae using agar well diffusion method. To identify ESBL producing bacteria by phenotypic confirmatory test using disk diffusion method.

Study Design: Analysis of Antibacterial activity of Padikara Parpam using agar well diffusion method.

Place and Duration of Study: Central Research Laboratory, Meenakshi Academy of higher Education and Research, Chennai, between June 2021 and November 2021.

Methodology: Clinical isolates of ESBL were isolated by subculture into MacConkey agar and was identified by phenotypic confirmatory test. Padikara parpam's antibacterial activity was evaluated using the Agar well diffusion method at different concentrations of 0.5 %, 1 %, 1.5 %, and 2 % drugs. 30 µg Cefotaxime and 30 µg amoxicillin-clavulanic acid disk were used as controls to standardize the antibacterial activity test and to identify the ESBL by phenotypic confirmatory test.

Results: In this study, Padikara parpam at various doses of 0.5 %, 1 %, 1.5 %, and 2 %, revealed significant antibacterial efficacy against ESBL producing bacteria. Padikara parpam was more active against ESBL Escherichia coli than ESBL Klebsiella pneumoniae. As a result, it may be recommended as an antibacterial agent against ESBL.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Siddha Herbo mineral formulations of padikara parpam hold phenomenal antimicrobial activity against ESBL producing bacteria. Based on our findings, the drug may be prescribed successfully for urinary tract infections, which is caused by ESBL producing bacteria.
A Case Report on Malignant Rhabdoid Round Cell Tumor in Pelvis
Authors: Kumutha T. , Baby Brighty , Sasikala M. S. , Sivakumar T. , Jayanthi Subha , Saravanakumar R.
Published: January 2022

The malignant neoplasm is called as malignant rhabdoid tumor or renal tumor. The Malignant tumor had the highest rate of proliferation. Tiny, round, and generally undifferentiated cells make up malignant small round cell tumours. A round cell tumor is a group of malignant tumors composed of relatively small and undifferentiated cells with an increased nuclear - cytoplasmic ratio. Soft tissue malignant tumours of the abdomen and pelvis are a rare but serious kind of cancer. Examples of these tumours include Ewing's sarcoma, peripheral neuroectodermal tumour, rhabdomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, non-lymphoma, Hodgkin's retinoblastoma, neuroblastoma, and hepatoblastoma. Mast cell tumour, histiocytoma, lymphoma, plasmacytoma, and transmissible venereal tumours are some of the different types of round cell tumours. Melanomas are the cytologic "great impostor," as they might look on cytology as round cell tumours despite being classed as mesenchymal cancers. Rhabdoid tumours have long been thought to be extremely malignant and have a bad prognosis. Children with this form of tumour have a six to eleven-month median survival duration. They're also less common. In 5% of small round cell tumor patients, can be curable, and it is best achieved by combining systemic chemotherapy with thorough cytoreductive surgery. Here we report a 9-year-old female child who was diagnosed with a malignant rhabdoid round cell tumor in the pelvis. She has undergone excision of pelvic floor tumor andfurther managed with Chemotherapy.
A Review on Chemical Permeation Enhancers used in the Formulation of Transdermal Drug Delivery System
Authors: Shivani . , Puri Ritika
Published: January 2022

Skin penetration enhancement technology is a rapidly evolving area that will greatly increase the quantity of transdermal drug delivery medications. Penetration enhancers are used to facilitate the movement of drugs through the skin barrier. Numerous methods exist for extending partition enhancement. The enhancers' contact with the polar head of the lipid groups is the potential means for increasing the penetration. Penetration enhancers improve the amount of free water molecules between the bilayer, leading to an improvement of the polar drug diffusion cross section. This article focuses on the different compounds assessed for improving penetration activity like sulphoxides, azones, pyrrolidones, alcohols and alkanols, glycols, surfactants and terpenes.
Frequency of Leading Factors of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Children Below Five Years of Age Attending National Institute of Child Health, Karachi
Authors: Khokhar Iqra Rafique , Ibrahim Mohsina Noor , Khan Sanam , Farhat Aiysha , Jamil Farah , Chohan Muhammad Nadeem
Published: January 2022

Aim: To determine the frequency of leading factors of severe acute malnutrition in children below five years of age.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Outpatient department, National Institute of Child Health (NICH) Karachi from December 7, 2017 to June 9, 2018.

Methodology: All children of 6 months to 5 years of age of either gender presented with severe acute malnutrition were included. Information regarding age, gender, weight, height and all leading factors of severe acute malnutrition were noted.

Results: Out of total 157 children, pre-maturity was observed in 21 (13.4%) children, low birth weight in 84 (53.5%) children, anemia in 105 (66.9%) children, lack of complete immunization in 81 (51.6%) children, maternal illiteracy 96 (61.1%), paternal illiteracy 31 (19.7%), low income 116 (73.9%), lack of exclusive breastfeeding in 87 (55.4%) children, administration of Pre-lacteals as the first feeding in 54 (34.4%) whereas initiation of complementary feeding after nine months was observed in 48 (30.6%) children.

Conclusion: The presence of low income, anemia, maternal illiteracy, lack of exclusive breastfeeding and low birth weight were the leading factors of severe acute malnutrition in children below the age of five years.
Association of Sub-Clinical Hypothyroidism with Abnormal Levels of Lipid in the Population of Nawabshah, Pakistan
Authors: Aamer Nasrullah , Memon Beenish Ghafar , Rashid Abdul , Makwana Dayaram , Memon Shahzad , Memon Waseem Raja
Published: January 2022

Aims: Aim of this investigation was to access the association of dyslipidemia with subclinical hypothyroidism.

Methodology: In this cross-sectional investigation, 1948 participants were recruited. Two groups were made; participants up to 18 years were in group A and Subjects over 18 years were incorporated in group 2. They were subdivided into control, subclinical hypothyroid 1, and subclinical hypothyroid 2. SPSS 21 was used for data analysis.

Results:  Data of 1619 individuals were analyzed. The mean age of Group A participants was 12.79 ± 2.779, and the mean age of Group B participants was 42.58 ± 18.012. The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroid was found at 13.5 %. Significant differences have been observed while comparing Group A and Group B (P <0.001). Free tetraiodothyronine and Free triiodothyronine also showed a significant difference in both groups. (P<0.05). No significant difference between mean Thyroid-stimulating hormone levels was observed (P>0.05). No significant association between Controls and High-density Lipid values was found between Controls and subclinical hypothyroid.

Conclusion: We conclude that subclinical hypothyroidism leads to increased dyslipidemia. Lower Serum total cholesterol and low-density lipid levels were detected among children and participants under the age of 18 with Thyroid-stimulating hormone greater than 10 mIU/L. Thyroid-stimulating hormone less than 10.0 mIU/L had no lipid abnormalities in subclinical hypothyroid participants.
Rare Presentation of Gall Bladder Adenomyomatosis
Authors: Ishwarya M. , Anantharamakrishnan R. , Kumar K. Senthil , Pranay K.
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Adenomyomatosis is a benign alterations of gall bladder wall that can be found in 9% of patients. We present a case of gall bladder adenomyomatosis of young male presented with right upper quadrant pain.

Case Report: A 22 year old male admitted with a history of pain over right upper quadrant for 8 months. The patient’s physical examination revealed tenderness over the right hypochondrium region. Contrast enhanced computed tomography showed - gall bladder wall appeared diffusely thickened with multiple small cystic areas noted.

Conclusion: Symptomatic gall bladder adenomyomatosis is an indicator for cholecystectomy, which results in complete disappearance of symptoms. Asymptomatic cases are not an indication for surgery, but the radiological diagnosis must be beyond any doubt. If there is a any diagnostic doubt about the possibility of gall bladder cancer, a cholecystectomy is justified.
Ultrasound-guided Hydrodissection of Sural Nerve for Foot Pain
Authors: Tople Jeshnu Prakash , Bhuyan Deepjit
Published: January 2022

Background: Sural nerve entrapment is an impor­tant but infrequent cause of pain. The sural nerve provides sensation to the posterolateral aspect of the leg, lateral foot and fifth toe. Sural nerve entrapment can be challenging to treat and can cause significant limitation. We present a case of sural nerve entrapment resistant to conservative management that was effectively treated by percutaneous ultrasound guided hydrodissection of the sural nerve.

Case Report: A 57 year old male came with complaints of pain and tingling sensation on both lower limbs with 50% decrease in sensation to touch (right > left) in lateral aspect of both foot. The patient had tried several conservative modalities with no success. We performed percutaneous ultrasound guided hydrodissection of the sural nerve and the patient reported complete improvement in his pain.

Conclusion: Percutaneous ultrasound guided hydrodissection of the sural nerve, is a safe and effective treatment for patients with sural nerve entrapment that does not respond to conservative therapy. However, studies are needed to elucidate its effectiveness and safety profile.
The Outcome of Photo-Therapy on Serum Calcium Values in Term Neonates: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Mulye Sachin , Gulhane Rohini , Meshram Revatdhama J.
Published: January 2022

Background: In the management of hyperbilirubinemia in neonates, phototherapy is an important treatment modality. Photo-therapy can cause skin rashes, diarrhoea, increase in body temperature, retinal damage and bronze baby syndrome. Photo-therapy is thought to influence serum calcium levels by inhibiting pineal melatonin secretion.

Aims and Objectives: The aim of this research was to see how photo-therapy affected serum calcium values in a term neonate.

Materials and Methods: Over the course of six months, 74 neonates were studied in the neonatology department of a tertiary healthcare centre in Central India.

Results: Calcium values fell in 77 % of the neonates in our sample, but only one case fell into significant symptomatic hypocalcemic range (1 percent).

Conclusion: According to the findings, neonates who are receiving photo-therapy have a higher risk of falling into the hypocalemic range. As a result, neonates should be strictly observed for calcium shifts and treated appropriately.
Production and Analysis of Lip Balm using Herbal Resources
Authors: Pawar Jayshri C. , Kandekar Ujjwala Y. , Vichare Vijaya S. , Ghavane Pranali N.
Published: January 2022

Lip care products are an integral part of a day-to-day lifestyle. These impart the colour and protect the lips from the external environment. The major function of lip balm is to protect and moisturize the lips. A variety of lip care products are available in the market. The main concern with this product is that these contain synthetic colourant and flavouring agents that may have adverse effects such as darkening of lips. Besides, these may contain heavy metals that adversely affect various body organs. The current research work deals with preparation lip balm by using maximum possible natural ingredients and evaluation of the formulation. Various natural ingredients used were beetroot extract, Cocoa powder, Almond oil and Vitamin E. The physicochemical properties such as colour, odour, consistency, spreadability, melting point, pH and stability were studied. It was found that the formulation possesses red colour due to the addition of beetroot pigments, it had a typical flavour of cocoa powder, uniform in consistency and good spreadability. The melting point and pH of formulation were found to be 58-60°C ± 0.62 and 6.9 ± 0.25 respectively. The stability study indicated that formulation is stable at room temperature and refrigeration temperature. It can be concluded that lip balm formulation was successfully prepared by using these natural additives and better alternatives to synthetic excipients.
Case Report: Management and Outcomes of COVID-19 in a Patient with Cirrhosis of Liver
Authors: Kolhe Seema M.
Published: January 2022

Introduction: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has recently become a major problem affecting thousands of individuals around the world. It is understood that a significant proportion of patients infected with COVID-19 have disturbed liver function tests. This is a case report of a patient with liver cirrhosis and COVID-19.

Presenting Complaints and Investigations: A 39 year old female patient was admitted in AVBRH on 06/02/2021 with chief complaint of distension of abdomen, breathlessness, shortness of breath, reduced urine output over last 3 months. She had skin lesions over the hand, foot, abdomen and back with itching since 4 months. Physical examination, blood investigations and abdominal ultrasound showed cirrhosis of liver with gross ascites seen clinically. She had mild splenomegaly and gall bladder was enlarged. Laboratory tests showed elevated total bilirubin level. In peripheral blood examination, RBC count was low (3.66m/cu mm), Haemoglobin level was 8.2 gm/dl, Platelets count was low (1.19 lakh per cu. mm). WBC count was 3600 cu mm. Doctor diagnosed this as the case of cirrhosis of liver with pemphigus vulgaris with COVID-19.

Past History: 6 months ago, patient was admitted in Aarogyadham hospital Yawatmal with chief complaint of abdominal pain, loss of appetites, fever. On ultrasonography, she had splenomegaly for which she took the treatment.

The Main Diagnosis, Therapeutic Intervention and Outcomes: This case was diagnosed as a case of COVID-19 with Cirrhosis of liver. Interferon alpha 2b solution was given for 10 days to help improve the immunity. Tab. Ursoldiolis (ursodeoxycholic acid) was used to dissolve gallstones.

Conclusion: Good clinical assessment, appropriate care, good nursing care by trained nurses and appropriate treatment can save lives even in complicated COVID-19 infected cases.
Factors Associated with the Mental Health of Health Care Workers Exposed to Pandemic-COVID-19
Authors: Yede Kalyani , Chib Shiney , Patil Ragini , Bhatt Neha
Published: January 2022

Background: Pandemic, COVID is spreading like a wild fire and it has already become a global issue.  People all over the world are going through mental trauma due to the current situation of the globe. The most vulnerable situation is of the front line volunteers like doctors, health care workers, social workers who are coming in direct contact with the COVID patients and working in highly risky work environment. Since its inception in December 2019, Novel Corona Virus Disease started spreading rapidly both locally and internationally and looking to the adversity of the disease, World Health Organization (WHO) declared it has pandemic. The aim of this paper is to explore the determinants associated with the Mental Health of Health Care Workers (HCW) during the pandemic Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19).  Questionnaire was developed having both demographic questions and questions related to mental health. Data was collected from 433 HCWs who were the front-line workers, involved directly in handling these patients. Questionnaire was classified into two parts; one included the demographic questions and the second part included questions related mental health and occupational stress.  These HCW were the front line works and were more vulnerable and were having the high risk of getting affected.  Percentage analysis was used to analyse the demographic data.  Exploratory factor analysis was used to explore the dimensions related to mental health and occupational strength.  Multi regression model was used to check the impact of emerged factors like increased workload, the continuous contact with COVID-19 patients and emotional aspects to mental health and occupational stress.

Results: Value of R2 obtained was 0.778, which means, the derived factors namely Work pressure, optimism ,Risk factor, Emotional Exhaustion , Self control, Discomfort were able to explain 77.8 % of the dependent variable ‘Mental Health’. All the above factors influence Respondent’s Mental Health, as the significant the factors namely work pressure; risk factor and emotional exhaustion are directly proportional to Mental health.  Work pressure is the most influencing factor among it.  Optimism, self-control and discomfort are inversely proportional to Mental Health of HCW.

Conclusion: Most important emerged from this study was ‘Work Pressure’.  Due to the fast spread of this deadly virus, a war like situation has emerged and Health Care Workers are the most vulnerable people as they are serving the patients directly.  They are sacrificing their own physical and mental health and are serving the mankind.  These people deserves lots of appreciation and salutations.
Molecular Docking and Validation of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Targets against Geninthiocin
Authors: Lakshmi G. S. Subha , Anuf A. Ronaldo , Vincent Samuel Gnana Prakash
Published: January 2022

Antibiotic resistance has been a serious public health concern in recent years. Methicillin resistant “Staphylococcus aureus” (MRSA) is a superbug that causes life threatening infections of Humanity which is difficult to treat. Geninthiocin is a macrocyclic thiopeptide with a 35-membered core moiety, which was isolated from marine streptomyces sp. ICN19, which has proven potent activity against MRSA.  Five target proteins PDB ID: 4YMX, 3ZDS, 3QLB, 4IEN and 1DXL were identified from MRSA for their presumptive action for Geninthiocin. In this study, we used molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation, in order to validate Geninthiocin’s potential target protein.  Target proteins were subjected to ligand-protein docking studies. Based on their docking scores and Hydrogen bonding interactions, two possible proteins 4YMX and 3ZDS were further subjected to simulation strategies to validate the protein-drug interaction. Out of which, homogentisate1,2 dioxygenase turned out to be a possible drug target for Geninthiocin. The compound Geninthiocin could be developed as a potential inhibitor against the target protein homogentisate1,2-dioxygenase for exhibiting an effective antimicrobial activity.
A Prospective Study of Urinary Albumin to Creatinine Ratio and Its Associated Causes
Authors: Govindaraj Jayamathi , Rekha U. Vidhya , Govindaraj Keerthidaa , Bhuminathan S.
Published: January 2022

Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio have predictive values for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal dysfunction etc. Albumin-to-creatinine ratio represents the severity of proteinuria,  indicates high probability of damage to glomerular filtration capacity of the kidney and is of great diagnostic relevance. Emerging data suggested that reduction of albuminuria leads to reduced risk of adverse renal and cardiovascular events but also steps should be taken to suppress albuminuria to prevent future renal and cardiovascular adverse events. This review discusses the association between albuminuria and adverse cardiovascular and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and hypertension. This study aimed to review the association between normal ranges of urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio to cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.
Biosynthesis of Polyhydroxyalkanoate by Recombinant Bacteria: A Review
Authors: Gabr Gamal , Hassan Nahla M. M.
Published: January 2022

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), a biodegradable polymer, has many industrial and medical applications such as heart valves, scaffold, suture and drug delivery. Because of their structural diversity and close analogy to plastics, PHAs have gained major interest over the world. Natural isolates, recombinant bacteria, and plants have all been found to improve the quality, quantity, and economics of PHA production. Their biodegradability makes them an especially appealing synthetic plastic substitute. PHB biosynthetic genes phbA, phbB, and phbC are grouped and systematised into a single phbCAB operon. In terms of alignment and clustering of the relevant genes, the PHB pathway varies greatly across bacterial genera. In this regard, the enzymes appear to have a high degree of sequence preservation.

The structural studies further improve the mechanism of action of these enzymes and helped in improving and choosing the good candidates for increased production of PHB.
Therapeutic Opportunities for Headaches and Migraines in Pediatric Populations: A Review
Authors: Raghuvanshi Devanshu Singh , Chaudhary Richa , Singh Nihaal
Published: January 2022

Headaches, migraine-like episodes, and other associated conditions are increasingly becoming the most frequent occurrence and a threat to the pediatric population in today’s world.  It has become the most sought-after therapeutic opportunity in the clinical setting in a way that can help to treat, diagnose and minimize its ill effects or side effects in today’s world which has witnessed all severe forms of diseases and hopefully will witness more severe forms because of the everlasting unhealthy lifestyle and prevalent hypertension which can be maternal or paternal and can affect the newborn as well as all the pediatric age groups in today’s world. Severe forms of  Headachin children or pediatric age groups can be a massive challenge for the clinician to identify, diagnose, and provide effective treatment that can be curable in most cases but can be fatal. In pediatric populations, headaches or migraines can result from underlying conditions, pathologies, or effects of maternal and paternal habits or lifestyles that need more attention than the symptom itself. The treatment spectrum ranges from pharmacological interventions to more unconventional options like acupuncture and alternative medicine. All these options are worth considering, as several studies show high efficacy and success rates with each of these conditions and etiology discussed above. In this review, the authors aim to discuss these different therapeutic options and weigh out their pros and cons, which can help in better and effective treatment to control or eliminate this disease.
A Review on Frozen Shoulder: Pathophysiology and Its Associated Diagnosis
Authors: Jha Aashriya , Patond Varsha
Published: January 2022

Background: Frozen shoulder is a commonly occurring disease of the population. It is also referred to as shoulder capsulitis. It causes pain and stiffness of the shoulder and dominant in left shoulder. Various things are still unclear regarding the treatment and causes of this disease. It is a painful and n quickly healed disease.

Patients show recovery but are often unable to regain their full potential movements. Painful stiffness of the shoulder is an ill-described medical entity, this is hard to evaluate and sensitive to treat. The nomenclature sed and consists of phrinclude cluding frozen shoulder, adhesive capsulitis, focal dystrophy, stiff shoulder, shriveled shoulder, and following. Apart from its idiopathic form, the disease can be initiated with the resource of the usage of trauma, infection, tumor, radiation, systemic and neighborhood metabolic concerns. Patho- anatomically, the common place region denominates an inflammatory vascular proliferation found with the resource of the usage thickening, scarring, and retraction of the joint cover.

Summary: The inflammatory technique frequently begins to evolved on the rotator language and can increase to the subacromial space. Clinical analysis is primarily based totally records and bodily examination. Generally, the onset of ache precedes the belief of a discounted variety of movement with the aid of using weeks or months. In early ranges of ailment, the inflammatory form of ache dominates, the patient's most important criticism is ache at night. In the later stage, variety of movement step by step decreases. Patients no longer frequently whine approximately decreased movement, likely due to its gradual onset.

Conclusion: Treatment options are a mixture of mobilization carrying sports with intra-articular steroids, hydraulic distension of the joint capsule, manipulation below anaesthesia,arthroscopic and/or open arthrosis.The appropriate preference of protocol is really as critical as its correct timing. In the inflammatory phase, competitive invasive protocols are uncommon, but deleterious and therefore need to be taken into consideration. New anti- angiogenic outlets also can moreover enhance beneficial effects and shorten the rehabilitation phase.
Pain Management by Ayurveda in Lumbar Spondylosis– A Case Study and Selective Review of Literature
Authors: Kulkarni Satyajit Pandurang , Kulkarni Pallavi Satyajit
Published: January 2022

Introduction: In Ayurveda, Snehana is an important method of treatment for diseases of the spine. As per Ayurveda, fatty substances are having properties opposite to that of Vata Dosha which is the root of many diseases. Therefore, Sneha (fatty substances) have an important position in Ayurvedic treatment. Fatty substances are of 4 types of Ghrita (Ghee), Taila (oil), Vasa (muscle fat), and Majja (bone marrow fat).

Among these types, the literature is available about Ghrita (ghee), Taila (oil), and Majja (bone marrow fat) only, but Vasa (muscle fat) is not currently practiced. We got a case study, in which cod liver oil capsules were used as a representative of Vasa Sneha.

A male of 35 suffering from lumbar spondylosis approached for moderate to severe low back pain. We successfully used cod liver oil capsules as representative of Vasa Sneha in this case.

Study Design:  A single case study and selective review of the literature.

Place and Duration of Study: Panchakarma OPD, Yashwant Ayurvedic medical college, PGTRC, Kodoli, 416114, Dist. – Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

Presentation of Case: This is a single case study in which a male of 35 years was suffering from chronic low back pain (CLBP) due to lumbar spondylosis The patient had chronic low back pain which was aggravated for 3 months.

We prescribed him Ayurvedic medicines and cod liver oil capsules orally. The patient was followed for 16 months.

Results: The outcome measure was assessed by the Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire. The low back pain score was measured in different positions. The before treatment value was 36 (median ẋ = 3.5) and the score was 72, and after treatment value was 2 (median ẋ = 0) and the score was 4. The Mann Whitney U test was performed. The p was 0.00009 (<0.05).

Conclusion: It is concluded that cod liver oil can be successfully used as a representative of vasa Sneha, and it is very effective in relieving chronic low back pain in lumbar spondylosis along with other ayurvedic preparations.
Evaluation of Comparative Dermal Toxicity and Efficacy of Aargwadhadi Oil and Aargwadhadi Ointment
Authors: Kalmegh Premadevi , Rathi Bharat , Rathi Renu , Madan Poonam
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Skin diseases are among the most common of all health illness in recent years, In Ayurveda, management of skin diseases includes internal and external administration. External administration includes various topical applications However, herbal medicines are not completely safe from adverse effects and develop irritation, rashes, redness and burning sensation on the skin as observed in recent researches.“Hence there is a requirement of a safe drug which should be economical & affordable for all. Hence present study is undertaken to study dermal toxicity profile Aargwadhadi oil and Aargwadhadi ointment in an experimental animal and make available safe and efficient drug to the human being.

Aim and Objective: Pharmaceutical development, standardization and evaluation of acute, sub-acute dermal toxicity and efficacy of a Aargwadhadi oil and Aargwadhadi ointment and compare efficacy and safety of Aargwadhadi oil and Aargwadhadi ointment.

Materials and Methods: Aargwadhadioil and Aargwadhadi Ointment will be prepared as per classical reference and it will be converted into ointment form. Analytical study for standardization of Aargwadhadi oil and Aargwadhadi ointment will be done.  Evaluation of Acute and sub-acute dermal toxicity study in experimental animals of both dosage forms as well, efficacy study of Aargwadhadi oil and Aargwadhadi ointment on animal model of vitiligo will be done.

Observations and Results: Observation will be done on the basis of assessment criteria evaluation of control group and experimental group will be noted. Results will be drawn on the basis of observations and applying suitable tests. It will be noted and presented in form of table, charts, graphs etc.

Conclusion: Conclusion of the study will be drawn accordingly from the recorded observations, analysis of data.
Risk Factors Which Lead to Development of Senile Cataract: A Review
Authors: Kumar Kingshuk , Shegekar Tejas , Nagpure Shubhangi
Published: January 2022

Maturing processes, including those brought about by various outside factors, have stood out for researchers throughout the last years. Senile cataract is a multifactorial illness. The expense of surgery of cataract medical procedures stays among the highest costing procedures in general public healthcare. Age is an essential element that causes senile cataract morbidity, which double ten every ten years. This article considers some sources which portray research results on impact on cataract development by risk factors like age, sex, race, smoking, alcohol consumption, diabetes (pancreatic), usage of specific drugs, various environmental aspects, including ultraviolet and ionizing radiation; many of which are shown to cause increment or decrease the risk of senile cataract; there is clashing information on specific factors. Depending on etiology, experts spot senile, congenital, traumatic, complicated, and occupational cataracts. Senile cataract (hereafter referred to as “cataract”) is the most prevalent. The layout also contains quantitative data of cataracts and risk, given through odds ratio and advance because of age, alcohol consumption, ionizing radiation, etc. The researchers also express that there is still no finding on whether the dose-effect relationship for cataract evolvement is a non-threshold or threshold. Surgical procedures are the only treatment available. The surgical procedure usually needs less than an hour. The surgeon makes a small incision in the sclera or limbus of the eye, sometimes with a laser. A small tool is put in to break up the cataract and gently suction it out through the opening created. Then they put in the new lens, made of plastic, silicone, or acrylic, and close the incision. Surgical procedures namely phacoemulsification and minor incision cataract surgery (SICS) are widely used for cataract surgeries; the former is the latest development in cataract surgeries and is less time-consuming. If both eyes are affected, two surgeries are done separately.
Role of Hepatic and Renal Profile in the Development of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Alyas Sobia , Roohi Nabila , Ashraf Samina , Ilyas Sadaf , Ashraf Yasmin
Published: January 2022

Disturbances in hepatic and renal profile are well documented in diabetic patients. Antenatal pregnant women (n=300) selected for blood sampling during the early 2ndtrimester (14–18 weeks of gestation) including 176 pregnant women with positive family history of GDM and 124 women without any history of GDM. All the subjects were followed up to the early 3rd trimester (24-28 weeks of gestation) or until the onset of GDM for second sampling. Mean values of ALP, AST and GGT were significantly higher (p<0.05), however, mean albumin was found to be significantly lower in early 2ndtrimester in those patients who subsequently developed GDM. Levels of ALT, total protein, and total bilirubin did not show significant variations in comparable groups. Uric acid levels were found to be significant in those patients who developed GDM in late trimester but creatinine levels remained almost the same in both trimesters. Among 300 patients, 58 subjects developed GDM, however, in these established cases, 27% were having positive family history while 9% presented negative family history suggesting a stronger relationship of GDM with clinical/family history of pregnant women. The results of our study indicate that abnormal liver and kidney profile namely AST, ALP, GGT, albumin and uric acid may adversely affect insulin resistance and if not controlled and treated timely may cause GDM and lead to type 2 diabetes. However, ALT, serum bilirubin, total protein and creatinine appear to have no value in GDM prediction.
Acute Pulmonary Embolism Post COVID-19 Pneumonia – A Case Report
Authors: Prakash M. Nitharsha , Anand N. N. , Ramalingam Karthick , Sai G. Venkat
Published: January 2022

COVID-19 has been associated with multiple venous thromboembolism events such as pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis. Here we report a 64-year male with COVID-19 pneumonia who developed pulmonary thromboembolism following the COVID illness. This patient developed VTE complication in spite of receiving anti-coagulation therapy during admission. This case brings out the need for evidence-based post-discharge VTE prophylaxis approach and guidelines in patients who recover from COVID-19.