bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diet supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae from different fermentation media modulates the faecal microbiota and the intestinal fermentative products in dogs
Authors: Bastos Taís Silvino , Souza Camilla Mariane Menezes , Kaelle Gislaine Cristina Bill , do Nascimento Mariana Quintino , de Oliveira Simone Gisele , Félix Ananda Portella
Published: May 2023

This study aimed at evaluating the coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of nutrients, metabolisable energy (ME), diet palatability, faecal fermentative products and microbiota of dogs fed yeasts from different fermentation media and its fractions. Four diets were evaluated: control, without yeast (CO); diet with 10 g/kg brewer's yeast (BY); diet with 10 g/kg brewer's yeast + corn yeast (BCY); and diet with 10 g/kg BCY + cell wall fractions (BCYF). Twelve adult dogs were distributed in a randomized block design (periods). Each of the four diets was fed to a group of three dogs per period of 20 days, totalling two periods and six repetitions per treatment. Sixteen adult dogs were used for the palatability test, which compared the CO diet versus each one of the yeast diets. Data with normal distribution were subjected to analysis of variance (p < 0.05). Means were compared by orthogonal contrasts (p < 0.05): (A) CO diet versus BY, BCY and BCYF diets; (B) BY diet versus BCY and BCYF diets; (C) BCY diet versus BCYF diet. There was no difference in the CTTAD and ME of the diets (p > 0.05). Yeast diets reduced faecal odour and indole peak area (p < 0.05). Faecal short‐chain fatty acids concentration was greater in dogs fed yeast diets compared to those fed the CO (p < 0.05). Yeast diets showed a higher intake ratio compared to the CO (p < 0.05). The BCY and BCYF diets resulted in a greater abundance of Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Coprococcus, and Phascolarctobacterium in relation to the CO (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that dietary yeast supplementation results in beneficial changes in intestinal functionality indicators, mainly with the combination of yeasts from brewers and corn fermentation media. In addition, yeast supplementation improves diet palatability without compromising nutrient digestibility.
Analytical performance evaluation of two automated urine chemistry analysers using two levels of commercially available quality control material
Authors: Hokamp J. A. , Freeman K. , Harr K. E.
Published: May 2023

Objective

Evaluate two point‐of‐care urine chemistry analysers, VetScan SA and VetLab UA using assayed, bilevel (two concentrations) urine quality control material to determine if performance is acceptable for semiquantitative clinical urine chemistry analysis.

Materials and Methods

Normal and abnormal urine quality control material sent to 23 veterinary practices was evaluated three times by each clinic on in‐clinic automated urinalysis instruments. Accuracy, precision and clinical utility were evaluated.

Results

Normal urine quality control material: Results for blood, glucose, ketones and bilirubin were 100% accurate and precise for both analysers, and pH values were accurately acidic to neutral. However, pH from VetScan SA had clinically significant negative bias. Abnormal urine quality control material: VetScan SA: blood, microalbumin and bilirubin were 100% accurate; glucose, ketones, and protein demonstrated ≤10% inaccuracy; pH demonstrated 34% inaccuracy. VetLab UA: blood, ketones and bilirubin were 100% accurate; glucose and protein demonstrated ≤10% inaccuracy; pH was 100% accurately neutral to alkaline.

Clinical Significance

VetScan SA had marked negative pH bias versus VetLab UA resulting in clinically significant, overly acidic results. Specific gravity, nitrite, and leukocyte test pads should not be used. Both instruments had excellent performance in normal quality control material. While blood, glucose, protein and bilirubin are correctly identified as present in abnormal quality control material, exact concentrations cannot be interpreted due to imprecision. Only semiquantitative results, not numerical values implying quantification, should be reported from urine test strips.
ACVIMconsensus statement guidelines on diagnosing and distinguishing low‐grade neoplastic from inflammatory lymphocytic chronic enteropathies in cats
Authors: Marsilio Sina , Freiche Valerie , Johnson Eric , Leo Chiara , Langerak Anton W. , Peters Iain , Ackermann Mark R.
Published: May 2023

Background

Lymphoplasmacytic enteritis (LPE) and low‐grade intestinal T cell lymphoma (LGITL) are common diseases in older cats, but their diagnosis and differentiation remain challenging.

Objectives

To summarize the current literature on etiopathogenesis and diagnosis of LPE and LGITL in cats and provide guidance on the differentiation between LPE and LGITL in cats. To provide statements established using evidence‐based approaches or where such evidence is lacking, statements based on consensus of experts in the field.

Animals

None.

Methods

A panel of 6 experts in the field (2 internists, 1 radiologist, 1 anatomic pathologist, 1 clonality expert, 1 oncologist) with the support of a human medical immunologist, was formed to assess and summarize evidence in the peer‐reviewed literature and complement it with consensus recommendations.

Results

Despite increasing interest on the topic for clinicians and pathologists, few prospective studies were available, and interpretation of the pertinent literature often was challenging because of the heterogeneity of the cases. Most recommendations by the panel were supported by a moderate or low level of evidence. Several understudied areas were identified, including cellular markers using immunohistochemistry, genomics, and transcriptomic studies.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

To date, no single diagnostic criterion or known biomarker reliably differentiates inflammatory lesions from neoplastic lymphoproliferations in the intestinal tract of cats and a diagnosis currently is established by integrating all available clinical and diagnostic data. Histopathology remains the mainstay to better differentiate LPE from LGITL in cats with chronic enteropathy.
Working towards more socially just futures: five areas for transdisciplinary literacies research
Authors: Lemieux Amélie , Boyle Lisa , Simmonds Emiyah , Rahm Jrene
Published: May 2023

Policy‐makers and provincial governments have a responsibility to prioritise equity, diversity, inclusion and accessibility (EDIA) with approaches that leverage both intersectionality and transdisciplinarity, especially when looking at literacies research. Supported by a federally funded knowledge synthesis grant that surveyed the scope of EDIA in Canadian schools, this article focuses on youth marginalisation to address literacies learning. The authors address five concepts from a three‐phase literature review to examine inclusive practices that respect, acknowledge and address EDIA in K‐12 education. Across reviewed studies, there is an underlying trajectory outlining methodological challenges in implementing EDIA practices. We advance anti‐racist and abolitionist approaches by addressing five areas: (1) making learning more accessible by adopting culturally responsive pedagogy informed by local cultures, languages and values; (2) pursuing sustainable professional development in culturally inclusive teaching practices; (3) creating safer school environments that nurture community‐driven relationships between parents, students and their teachers; (4) reforming educational policies to concretely address structural racism, discrimination and misrepresentation of socially marginalised students by disrupting what is conceptualised and accepted as ideal culturally responsive pedagogy; and (5) prioritising community perspectives and input curriculum decisions to support underrepresented students. Ultimately, this article echoes this issue's orientations as it explores transdisciplinary practices composing an evolving understanding of literacies.
Wildfire impacts on seedbank and vegetation dynamics in Calluna heath
Authors: Naszarkowski Noemi A. L. , Woodin Sarah J. , Ross Louise C. , Hester Alison J. , Pakeman Robin J.
Published: May 2023

Moorlands dominated by Calluna vulgaris (hereafter Calluna) are globally rare and under increasing threat of wildfires due to climate change. The soil seedbank is important for community resilience, but research on its contribution to regenerating vegetation after moorland fires has, to date, focused on prescribed fire or on the short‐term (≤ 2 year) impacts of wildfire. To address the role of the seedbank in long‐term vegetation regeneration, we studied a chronosequence of six wildfire sites within a Scottish moorland catchment, ranging from 2 to 64 years since burning. We recorded vegetation composition and sampled the seedbank. Calluna and Erica spp. comprised 66 and 27% of germinated seeds, respectively, and the majority of vegetation species were not represented in the seedbank. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed that time since fire was a strong predictor of vegetation species composition, but it had no effect on seedbank composition, suggesting that the same species dominate the seedbank regardless of burning. Whilst total seed density was not affected by time since wildfire, the effect on the non‐Calluna seedbank was more notable. The proportion of non‐Calluna species decreased with time in both vegetation and seedbank as Calluna cover was re‐established and the seedbank of other species became gradually depleted. Whilst relative non‐Calluna cover in the vegetation was at a maximum in recently burnt areas and declined with time since fire, the species richness and proportion of non‐Calluna in the seedbank followed a unimodal pattern after fire and reached a peak after approximately 35 years. Our results contribute to the knowledge of how moorland ecosystems regenerate after severe disturbances, which are likely to become more common as the climate changes.
The two sides of resistance–resilience relationship in both aboveground and belowground communities in the Eurasian steppe
Authors: Yang Wei , Yang Junjie , Fan Yi , Guo Quankuan , Jiang Nana , Babalola Olubukola Oluranti , Han Xingguo , Zhang Ximei
Published: May 2023

The ongoing nitrogen (N) deposition has led to profound changes in aboveground and belowground ecosystems. However, the stability of plant and soil microbial community toward N addition in terms of resistance and resilience is less understood.

We established a long‐running field trial (2008–2018) in a series of N applications in combination with a mowing and fencing (unmown) treatment in a semiarid steppe. We assessed the resistance via ongoing N treatment of one subplot and the resilience via discontinuing N treatment in another to promote natural recovery since 2014.

Plant resistance was negatively correlated with N application rate, while microbial resistance was independent of N rate. Mowing significantly reduced plant resistance and resilience, reduced soil microbial resistance but improved its resilience. Generally, plants are more resilient but less resistant to N than soil microbes. The two sides of resistance–resilience relationship were revealed: trade‐offs exist between resistance and resilience for both plants and microbes at the community level; and trade‐offs between resistance and resilience cannot be scaled down to species/group level.

This study provided an important theoretical basis for the recovery and conservation of semiarid steppe and new insight into resistance–resilience relationship.
The long non‐coding RNA, miRNA and mRNA landscapes of cementoblasts during cementogenesis
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Huang Yiping
Published: May 2023

Objective

Stimulation of cementogenesis is essential to cementum regeneration and root restoration. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in the regulatory networks of periodontal regeneration processes. We identified and analysed differentially expressed lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs associated with cementogenic differentiation of cementoblasts.

Materials and Methods

OCCM‐30 immortalized mouse cementoblast cells were induced in cementogenic medium for 7 and 14 days. Total RNA was extracted and subjected to RNA sequencing to screen for differentially expressed lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs. Quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was performed to determine the expression levels of RNAs. Gene Ontology (GO) term and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were used to clarify the potential functions of differentially expressed genes in biological processes and pathways. lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA networks were constructed based on correlation and algorithmic analyses.

Results

In all, 461 lncRNAs, 89 miRNAs and 2157 mRNAs showed differential expression in OCCM‐30 cells after cementoblast differentiation. At day 7, upregulation of 248 lncRNAs, 30 miRNAs and 905 mRNAs was observed, along with downregulation of 127 lncRNAs, 34 miRNAs and 960 mRNAs. At day 14, 197 lncRNAs, 13 miRNAs and 847 mRNAs were upregulated, while 74 lncRNAs, 12 miRNAs and 760 mRNAs were downregulated. The results of qRT‐PCR showed that four candidate lncRNAs, H19, Gdap10, Foxo6os and Ipw, were significantly upregulated after 7 and 14 days of cementogenic induction. The lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA network illustrated a possible competitive endogenous RNA regulatory mechanism. GO analysis showed that consistently differentially expressed mRNAs were involved in blood vessel morphogenesis, cell‐substrate adhesion, cell adhesion, ossification and extracellular matrix organization. KEGG analysis indicated that extracellular matrix‐receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and the PI3K‐Akt, Rap1, mitogen‐activated protein kinase, and Ras signalling pathways varied significantly during cementogenesis.

Conclusion

The expressions of lncRNA, miRNA and mRNA were significantly altered in cementoblasts after cementogenesis. This study highlighted the effect of lncRNAs in the process of cementogenesis and revealed their potential for the discovery of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cementum regeneration.
The effect of intranasal dexmedetomidine administration on emergence agitation or delirium in pediatric patients after general anesthesia: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Na Hyo‐Seok , Kim Su Yeon , In Park Ji , Lee Sohyun , Hwang Jung‐Won , Shin Hyun‐Jung
Published: May 2023

Background

Emergence agitation or delirium can occur in pediatric patients after anesthesia. Dexmedetomidine is known to reduce the impairment of postoperative cognitive function.

Aims

This study aimed to identify the role of intranasal administration of dexmedetomidine in lowering the development of emergence agitation or emergence delirium in pediatric patients after general anesthesia.

Methods

Electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Scopus, and Web of Science, were searched to identify studies. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who underwent emergence agitation or emergence delirium after the surgery. Secondary outcomes included emergence time and incidence of postoperative nausea and/or vomiting. We estimated the odds ratio and mean difference with 95% confidence intervals for the determination of effect size using a random‐effects model.

Results

In total, 2103 pediatric patients from 20 randomized controlled trials were included in the final analysis. The incidence of emergence agitation or emergence delirium was 13.6% in the dexmedetomidine group and 33.2% in the control group. The pooled effect size revealed that intranasal dexmedetomidine administration significantly reduced the incidence of postoperative emergence agitation or emergence delirium in pediatric patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia (odds ratio 0.25, 95% confidence interval 0.18–0.34; p = .0000; I2 = 37.74%). Additionally, significant difference was observed in emergence time between the two groups (mean difference 2.42, 95% confidence interval 0.37–4.46; p = .021; I2 = 98.40%). Children in the dexmedetomidine group had a significantly lower incidence of postoperative nausea and/or vomiting than those in the control group (odds ratio 0.39, 95% confidence interval 0.24–0.64; p = .0002; I2 = 0.00%).

Conclusions

Intranasal dexmedetomidine reduced the incidence of emergence agitation or emergence delirium in pediatric patients after general anesthesia.
Teaching histories of peace and justice: A roundtable
Authors: Aoyama Erin , Fugger Erica , Jackson Curt , Neary Megan , Ono Taka , Whitmire Leslie
Published: May 2023

This roundtable explores the art and purpose of teaching histories of peace and justice. Invited by Peace & Change, the participants share their experiences and ideas as teachers of college courses in history, interdisciplinary studies, and sociology. They offer fresh perspectives on how we can engage with the intertwined nature of peace and justice.
Utilization of functional feed additives to produce cost‐effective, ecofriendly aquafeeds high in plant‐based ingredients
Authors: Hossain Md. Sakhawat , Small Brian C. , Kumar Vikas , Hardy Ronald
Published: May 2023

Fishmeals (FM) are the most superior protein sources in aquafeed. World‐wide growing demand and limited supply of FM limit its use as sole protein sources in aquafeed and force fish nutritionists to develop alternate protein‐based aquafeeds. However, increasing alternate proteins over a certain percentage reduces fish performance. Many attempts have been made (viz., manipulation of processing technology of feed ingredients and feed formulations, supplementation strategy) to overcome the negative effects of increasing alternative protein inclusion in aquafeeds. Among them, supplementation of functional feed additives (FuFAs) has received promising attention. Recently, several FuFA (nucleotides, organic acid, probiotics, prebiotics, and certain amino acids) have been administrated in alternative protein‐based aquafeeds and demonstrate increased efficiency of alternative protein utilization along with improved fish growth and health performances. However, numerous gaps remain in existing knowledge about the administration of exogenous FuFA in alternative protein‐based aquafeeds, including the effects on digestion, age/size‐related responses, species variations, absorption, metabolism, and influences on physiological responses. Application of biochemical and molecular technologies is important to better understand the underlying mechanisms of FuFA functions in alternate protein‐based aquafeed to improve fish and shrimp performance. Efforts are also needed by researchers and industrialists regarding production technologies to reduce functional feed supplement costs. Moreover, in‐depth research knowledge is needed considering the use of functional feeds to combat fish diseases and reduce dependence on antibiotics and chemical therapeutants, thereby making aquaculture more eco‐friendly.
Development and evaluation of an injectable slow‐release progesterone formulation for estrus synchronization in ewes out of the breeding season
Authors: Vafaei Salarpoor Mohsen , Kadivar Ali , Davoodian Najmeh , Khosravian Pegah , Shams Esfandabadi Naser , Mohebbi Abdonnaser , Mehrban Hossein
Published: May 2023

This study was aimed at developing a type of slow‐release progesterone micro‐particles useable in a single intramuscular injection for estrus synchronization in non‐breeding season ewes. A total of 66 ewes were randomly assigned into four groups: CIDR (n = 16): exposed to intravaginal CIDR for 12 days, and three experimental groups, i.e., T100 (n = 16), T150 (n = 17) and T200 (n = 17), receiving a single intramuscular injection of 100, 150 and 200 mg slow‐release progesterone, respectively. Blood sampling was performed on all ewes at five different times, and the ELISA method measured progesterone levels. No significant differences were observed in progesterone levels among the groups in each sampling time. More than 90% of ewes in the CIDR, T100 and T150 groups and all those in T200 showed estrus behaviour, and the rate was not significantly different between groups. The difference in the mean interval from progesterone treatment to estrus was also insignificant. The parturition rate declined by increasing the dose of injected progesterone; although it was similar in CIDR and T100 groups, it decreased significantly in T150 and T200. Since our injectable progesterone formulation was successful in the induction and synchronization of estrus in ewes out of the breeding season, it can be applied as an alternative to the conventional progesterone containing intravaginal devices.
A novel HLA‐C*01 allele, HLA‐C*01:230, identified by next generation sequencing in a Russian individual
Authors: Sergeeva Iuliia , Ananeva Anastasiia , Andryushkina Anna V. , Shagimardanova Elena I.
Published: May 2023

The novel HLA‐C*01:230 allele was characterized using next generation sequencing technology.
Impact of assigning 2‐field HLA alleles from real‐time PCR on deceased donor assessments and conformance with high resolution alleles
Authors: Hiho Steven , Bowman Sue , Hudson Fiona , Sullivan Lucy , Carroll Robert , Diviney Mary
Published: May 2023

Waitlisted sensitised transplant recipients with HLA allele level antibodies to their own HLA antigen family are disadvantaged by current deficiencies in HLA typing for deceased donors. This is primarily because at time of organ allocation, HLA typing is provided at antigen level whereas solid phase assays provide allele level antibody definition. The gold standard for HLA allele typing is next generation sequencing (NGS), however time limitations with established NGS systems prevent NGS use for deceased donors. Instead, many labs use a real‐time PCR (qPCR) antigen level result for deceased donors, which can disadvantage sensitised patients. Here, we compared assigning qPCR 2‐field alleles to qPCR antigen level to determine the impact on virtual crossmatch (VXM) and discuss impact on donor‐specific antibody (DSA) assignments. 244 consecutive deceased donors were HLA typed to allelic level by qPCR (LinkSeq SABR) and subsequently by NGS (One Lambda Alltype). The impact of qPCR allele assignments on potential DSA identification was investigated, by retrospectively investigating all 3904 VXMs, where recipient DSA assessments were assessed against donor HLA, was performed within the cohort. There was 96.3% concordance between qPCR and NGS for all allele level loci, with HLA‐A; DQB1; and DPB1 having best agreement (99.4%, 98.4% and 99.4% respectively). Of the 3904 VXMs with qPCR allele assignment, there were 13 (<1%) occasions where the potential DSA assignment was impacted, with DQA1 having the most impact. Assigning alleles derived from qPCR to define unacceptable antigens for VXMs, can allow improved access to donor offers for sensitised patients by better defining alleles.
Hematologic parameters and the effect of hemoparasites of wild anurans in Northern Sinaloa, Mexico
Authors: Isaak Delgado Ana B. , Zavala‐Norzagaray Alan A. , Espinoza‐Romo Brenda A. , Ortega‐Anaya Jesús G. , Ley‐Quiñonez César Paúl , Aguirre Alonso , Rendón‐Franco Emilio
Published: May 2023

Background

Few hematologic profiles for free‐ranging amphibians are available. Hematologic evaluation is a useful tool for determining the health of amphibian populations and providing further knowledge for conservation actions.

Objectives

Hematologic variables and the presence and effect of hemoparasites in anuran species were evaluated in Northern Sinaloa, Mexico.

Methods

Blood samples were collected from wild anurans of eight species to perform blood cell counts, leukocyte differential counts, and serum protein concentrations using manual methods and refractometry. In addition, morphologic identification and quantification of the hemoparasites were performed on blood smears.

Results

Differences were observed by sex, age, and season for the hematologic values of Incilius alvarius (n = 23), Incilius mazatlanensis (n = 46), Rhinella horribilis (n = 64), Leptodactylus melanonotus (n = 46), Lithobates forreri (n = 135), Lithobates catesbeianus (n = 20), Smilisca fodiens (n = 42), and Scaphiopus couchii (n = 7). Intra‐ and extra‐erythrocytic hemoparasites were found in 56.2% of amphibian hosts; the hemoparasite infection of R. horribilis and L. melanonotus was higher in the dry season, showing increases in erythroplastids and monocytes. For L. forreri, males were more infected than females, and increases in leukocytes were associated with infections of different types of hemoparasites species.

Conclusions

Hematologic values, hemoparasite prevalence, and the response to hemoparasite infection vary among amphibian species, sex, and age, as well as on season and hemoparasite type. This highlights the importance of hematologic evaluations in wild amphibian populations to determine the subclinical effects of hemoparasite infections.
Influence of extreme brachycephalic conformation on perioperative complications associated with total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy in 242 dogs (2010–2020)
Authors: Banks Charlotte , Beever Lee , Kaye Benjamin , Foo Merianna , ter Haar Gert , Rutherford Lynda
Published: May 2023

Objective

To determine the influence of extreme brachycephalic conformation on presenting signs, imaging findings, intraoperative and perioperative complications following total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy (TECA‐LBO).

Study design

Cross‐sectional retrospective study.

Animals

A total of 306 (n = 242 dogs) TECA‐LBOs (extreme brachycephalic breeds [EBB] = 81, other breeds [OB] = 225).

Methods

Medical records of patients undergoing TECA‐LBO at a single referral institution (2010–2022) were evaluated.

Results

Extreme brachycephalic breeds most commonly presented acutely, at a younger age with oto‐neurological signs (46/81, 56.8%). Chronic otitis externa without neurological signs (171/225, 76.0%) was most common in OBs. Extreme brachycephalic breeds preoperatively presented more frequently with facial nerve paresis (p = .001), vestibular syndrome (p = .001), and Horner's syndrome (p = .002) compared to OBs. On diagnostic imaging, bilateral changes (p = .038), aural masses (p = .045), para‐aural abscesses (p = .011), otitis interna (p = .001), and brainstem changes (p = .001) were more common in EBBs. The apparent difference in intraoperative complication rate between EBBs (9/81, 11.1%) and OBs (12/225, 5.3%) did not reach statistical significance (p = .078). Perioperative complications occurred in 85/306 (27.8%) of TECA‐LBOs with no difference in perioperative complication rate between EBBs (19/81, 23.5%) and OBs (66/225, 29.3%) (p = .586).

Conclusion

Extreme brachycephalic breeds are more likely to present for TECA‐LBO acutely, with neurological signs and more advanced diagnostic imaging abnormalities. Intra‐ and perioperative complication rates did not differ between EBBs and OBs.

Clinical significance

Despite being subjectively more technically challenging, TECA‐LBO did not result in more surgical complications in EBBs. Reported data are useful for effectively informing clients of the specific risks of TECA‐LBO surgery.
Sex differences in the skin microbiome of burn scars
Authors: Jung Yeongyun , Cui Hui Song , Joo So Young , Lee Eun Kyung , Seo Cheong Hoon , Cho Yoon Soo
Published: May 2023

Sex differences are observed in various spectrums of skin diseases, and there are differences in wound healing rate. Herein, sex differences were identified for the newly healed skin microbiome of burn patients. Fifty‐two skin samples (26 normal skin, 26 burn scars) were collected from 26 burn patients (12 male, 14 female) and microbiota analysis was performed. The correlation between skin microbiota and biomechanical properties of burn scars was also investigated. There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics between male and female patients. Considering the biomechanical properties of burn scars and normal skin around it performed before sample collection, the mean erythema level of men's normal skin was significantly higher than that of women, whereas the mean levels of melanin, transepidermal water loss and skin hydration showed no significant sex differences. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was significantly higher in females than that in males. Alpha diversity showed no significant differences between normal skin and burn scars in the male group. However, the scar was significantly higher than that of normal skin in the female group. Microbial network analysis revealed that the male group had more complex microbial network than the female group. Additionally, in the male group, the edge density and clustering coefficient were higher in burn scars when compared to normal skin, than the female group. There were sex differences in the results of microbiome of normal skin and burn scars. Some of the altered microbiota have been correlated with the biomechanical properties of burn scars. In conclusion, sex difference in the burn scar microbiome was confirmed. These results suggest that burn treatment strategies should vary with sex.
Molecular phylogeny of Cercopidae (Hemiptera, Cercopoidea)
Authors: Crispolon Elorde S. , Soulier‐Perkins Adeline , Guilbert Eric
Published: May 2023

With 175 described genera and 1556 described species, Family Cercopidae is currently divided into two subfamilies: the paraphyletic Cercopinae and the monophyletic Ischnorhininae. This study, with emphasis on the family Cercopidae, is in line with the extensive work of Cryan and Svenson which is the first phylogenetic study testing the monophyly of this family and higher‐level relationships within Cercopoidea. This study includes more representative taxa from Old World regions. The results of the phylogenetic analysis based on DNA nucleotide sequence data (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, histone 3, and cytochrome oxidase I) show that Cercopidae is not monophyletic. Three major lineages are recovered: (1) the lineage Microsargane Fowler, 1897 + Hemitriecphora Lallemand, 1949 which is the sister group to Aphrophoridae + Epipygidae, (2) most of the Old World Cercopidae appear as a monophyletic lineage that can be subdivided into two clades, and (3) the monophyletic New World Ischnorhininae, which is separated from the rest of Cercopidae and basal to the two other lineages. It is proposed that Microsargane and Hemitriecphora should be removed from Cercopidae and placed within Aphrophoridae, and only the monophyletic Old World lineage should be kept as Cercopidae sensu stricto. The two subfamilies Cercopinae and Cosmoscartinae, corresponding respectively to the monophyletic lineage groups 2 and 3, should be kept with minimal changes on the tribal level, and the subfamily Ischnorhininae should be raised to family level Ischnorhinidae stat. nov.
Impact of Multi-Disciplinary International Engineering Service Learning in Instilling Global Engineer Attributes among Undergraduates
Authors: Nor Anuar Aznah , Syed Hassan Syed Ahmad Helmi , Daud Mohd Fadzil , Abang Zaidel Dayang Norulfairuz , Fatin Aliah Phang  , Mohd-Yusof Khairiyah , Mohammad Yusof Yudariah , Abdul Aziz Azmahani , Youngbong Seo
Published: May 2023

International Engineering Service Learning engages multi-disciplinary and cross-cultural engineeringstudents in experiential learning through structured community service. Through participation in this effective pedagogy approach, students is expected to gain first-hand knowledge of engineering practice, global competency, actively contribute to the community through the service they performed and develop a personal appreciation for civic responsibility.In addition, what makes service learning an activity worthy of engineering course is its reflective nature. Reflective writing is one of important component in determining value of learning experience and it gives an impact on the students.This paper aimed to investigate the impact of multidisciplinary and cross-cultural engineering service learning among undergraduates through qualitative analysis done on their reflection journals. The findings indicated that this 9-day intensive program, utilizing the concept of multi-disciplinary and multi-cultural team for engineering service learning project, can be implemented to instill global engineer attributes among students.
Mizohata–Takeuchi estimates in the plane
Authors: Shayya Bassam
Published: May 2023

Suppose that is a smooth compact hypersurface in and is an appropriate measure on . If is the extension operator associated with , then the Mizohata–Takeuchi conjecture asserts that for all functions and weights , where the is taken over all tubes in of cross‐section 1, and . This paper investigates how far we can go in proving the Mizohata–Takeuchi conjecture in if we only take the decay properties of into consideration. As a consequence of our results, we obtain new estimates for a class of convex curves that include exponentially flat ones such as , , .
Educational needs and preferences of adult patients with acute or chronic pain: a mixed methods systematic review protocol
Authors: Bérubé Mélanie , Verret Michael , Martorella Géraldine , Gagnon Marc-Aurèle , Bourque Laurence , Déry Marie-Philippe , Hudon Anne , Singer Lesley Norris , Richard-Denis Andréane , Ouellet Simon , Côté Caroline , Gauthier Lynn , Guénette Line , Gagnon Marie-Pierre
Published: May 2023

Objectives:

This review will aim to synthesize the available quantitative and qualitative evidence on the educational needs and preferences of adult patients with acute or chronic pain.

Introduction:

Acute and chronic pain are prevalent problems and are associated with significant individual and societal consequences. Education is a critical component of pain management. However, the impact of educational interventions on pain outcomes remains limited. The lack of patient input––what patients want to know and how they want to be informed––is one of the main issues underlying intervention design.

Inclusion criteria:

We will include qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies describing the educational needs and preferences of adult patients with acute or chronic pain.

Methods:

This review will follow the JBI guidelines for mixed methods systematic reviews. We will search MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. The search strategy will commence from the year 1990 onward and there will be no language restrictions. The retrieved titles, abstracts, and full-text reports will be screened by pairs of independent reviewers. These pairs of reviewers will also independently extract data using the JBI tools for mixed methods systematic reviews. Methodological quality will be assessed using the mixed methods appraisal tool. A convergent integrated approach to synthesis and integration of the quantitative and qualitative data will be used.

Review registration:

PROSPERO CRD42022303834
Exercise stress cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of induced cardiovascular responses in cardiac patients: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Uwase Egidie , Caru Maxime , Levesque Ariane , Dodin Philippe , Curnier Daniel , Périé Delphine
Published: May 2023

Objective:

This scoping review will describe cardiac magnetic resonance imaging testing protocols used in combination with exercise (Ex-CMR) to assess cardiovascular responses. The review will document the advantages and limitations of these protocols in cardiac patients.

Introduction:

Ex-CMR characterizes the heart, differentiating between normal and pathological cardiac remodeling with considerable accuracy. However, there is no review detailing existing Ex-CMR protocols. This is particularly important since not all Ex-CMR protocols seem to induce enough stress to effectively characterize cardiac remodeling, hence the need for a review to report on the current evidence.

Inclusion criteria:

This review will consider studies that use Ex-CMR testing protocols to assess cardiovascular responses, revealing cardiac remodeling in patients whose age at the time of the study was ≥ 18 years.

Methods:

The review will be conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews and reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. The following databases will be searched: PubMed, Embase, ISI Web of Science, OpenGrey, Grey Matters, and OAlster. Articles in English and French will be included and there will be no limitation set for the date of publication. Data will be extracted from papers included in the scoping review by 2 independent reviewers and will be classified in summary tables.

Key details of this review project are available in Open Science Framework:

https://osf.io/hvn75/?view_only=f6cf8fc2112e498d89c39639dbce70d1.
Optimum phase estimation with two control qubits
Authors: Najafi Peyman , Costa Pedro C. S. , Berry Dominic W.
Published: May 2023

Phase estimation is used in many quantum algorithms, particularly in order to estimate energy eigenvalues for quantum systems. When using a single qubit as the probe (used to control the unitary we wish to estimate the eigenvalue of), it is not possible to measure the phase with a minimum mean-square error. In standard methods, there would be a logarithmic (in error) number of control qubits needed in order to achieve this minimum error. Here, we show how to perform this measurement using only two control qubits, thereby reducing the qubit requirements of the quantum algorithm. To achieve this task, we prepare the optimal control state one qubit at a time, at the same time as applying the controlled unitaries and inverse quantum Fourier transform. As each control qubit is measured, it is reset to |0⟩ then entangled with the other control qubit, so only two control qubits are needed.
A multisensory perspective on near-field detection and localization of hydroacoustic sources
Authors: Coombs Sheryl
Published: May 2023

This paper gives a brief synopsis of the research career of S.C. in fish bioacoustics with an emphasis on dipole near fields. The hydroacoustic nature of the dipole near field and the effective stimuli to lateral line and auditory systems combine to produce a multisensory, range-fractionated region that is critically important to many fish behaviors. The mottled sculpin and goldfish lateral lines encode the spatial complexities of the near field as spatial excitation patterns along the body surface to provide instantaneous snapshots of various source features such as distance, orientation, and direction of movement. In contrast, the pressure-sensitive channel of the goldfish auditory system [the anterior swim bladder (SB)-saccule complex] encodes the spatial complexities in a temporal fashion whenever the position or orientation of the source changes with respect to the anterior SB. A full appreciation for how these somatotopic and egocentric representations guide fish behavior requires an understanding of how multisensory information, including vision, is combined in sensorimotor regions of the brain to effect behavior. A brief overview of vertebrate brain organization indicates that behaviors directed to or away from hydroacoustic sources likely involve a variety of mechanisms, behavioral strategies, and brain regions.
REVIEWS OF ACOUSTICAL PATENTS
Authors: Fulop Sean A.
Published: May 2023

The purpose of these acoustical patent reviews is to provide enough information for a Journal reader to decide whether to seek more information from the patent itself. Any opinions expressed here are those of the reviewers as individuals and are not legal opinions. Patents are available via the internet at the USPTO website.
The effect of recreational noise exposure on amplitude-modulation detection, hearing sensitivity at frequencies above 8 kHz, and perception of speech in noise
Authors: Narne Vijaya Kumar , Jain Saransh , Bharani  , Ravi Sunil Kumar , Almudhi Abdulaziz , Krishna Yerraguntla , Moore Brian C. J.
Published: May 2023

Psychoacoustic and speech perception measures were compared for a group who were exposed to noise regularly through listening to music via personal music players (PMP) and a control group without such exposure. Lifetime noise exposure, quantified using the NESI questionnaire, averaged ten times higher for the exposed group than for the control group. Audiometric thresholds were similar for the two groups over the conventional frequency range up to 8 kHz, but for higher frequencies, the exposed group had higher thresholds than the control group. Amplitude modulation detection (AMD) thresholds were measured using a 4000-Hz sinusoidal carrier presented in threshold-equalizing noise at 30, 60, and 90 dB sound pressure level (SPL) for modulation frequencies of 8, 16, 32, and 64 Hz. At 90 dB SPL but not at the lower levels, AMD thresholds were significantly higher (worse) for the exposed than for the control group, especially for low modulation frequencies. The exposed group required significantly higher signal-to-noise ratios than the control group to understand sentences in noise. Otoacoustic emissions did not differ for the two groups. It is concluded that listening to music via PMP can have subtle deleterious effects on speech perception, AM detection, and hearing sensitivity over the extended high-frequency range.
Acoustic travel-time variability observed on a 150-km radius tomographic array in the Canada Basin during 2016–2017
Authors: Worcester Peter F. , Dzieciuch Matthew A. , Vazquez Heriberto J. , Cornuelle Bruce D. , Colosi John A. , Krishfield Richard A. , Kemp John N.
Published: May 2023

The Arctic Ocean is undergoing dramatic changes in response to increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. The 2016–2017 Canada Basin Acoustic Propagation Experiment was conducted to assess the effects of the changes in the sea ice and ocean structure in the Beaufort Gyre on low-frequency underwater acoustic propagation and ambient sound. An ocean acoustic tomography array with a radius of 150 km that consisted of six acoustic transceivers and a long vertical receiving array measured the impulse responses of the ocean at a variety of ranges every four hours using broadband signals centered at about 250 Hz. The peak-to-peak low-frequency travel-time variability of the early, resolved ray arrivals that turn deep in the ocean was only a few tens of milliseconds, roughly an order of magnitude smaller than observed in previous tomographic experiments at similar ranges, reflecting the small spatial scale and relative sparseness of mesoscale eddies in the Canada Basin. The high-frequency travel-time fluctuations were approximately 2 ms root-mean-square, roughly comparable to the expected measurement uncertainty, reflecting the low internal-wave energy level. The travel-time spectra show increasing energy at lower frequencies and enhanced semidiurnal variability, presumably due to some combination of the semidiurnal tides and inertial variability.
Modal wavenumber estimation by combining physical informed neural network
Authors: Li Xiaolei , Wang Pengyu , Song Wenhua , Gao Wei
Published: May 2023

Estimation of modal wavenumbers is important for inference of geoacoustic properties and data-driven matched field processing in shallow water waveguides. This paper introduces a deep neural network called combining physical informed neural network (CPINN) for modal wavenumber estimation using a vertical linear array (VLA). Note that the sound field recorded by a VLA can be expressed as a linear superposition of finite modal depth functions, and the differential equations satisfied by the modal depth functions are related to the corresponding modal wavenumbers. CPINN can estimate the modal wavenumbers by introducing the proxies of the modal depth functions and constraining them to satisfy the corresponding differential equations. The performance of the CPINN is evaluated by simulated data in a noisy shallow water environment. Numerical results show that, when compared with the previous methods, CPINN does not need to know the exact horizontal distance between the sound source and the VLA. Moreover, CPINN can estimate the modal wavenumbers at the VLA position in the case where the range segment traversed by the source, i.e., the aperture in the range direction, is smaller than the maximum modal cycle distance and in a range-dependent waveguide.
Blood-Flow Restriction Is Associated With More Even Pacing During High-Intensity Cycling
Authors: Smith Nathan D.W. , Abbiss Chris R. , Girard Olivier , Scott Brendan R. , Peiffer Jeremiah J.
Published: May 2023

Purpose: This study examined the influence of blood-flow restriction (BFR) on the distribution of pace, physiological demands, and perceptual responses during self-paced cycling. Methods: On separate days, 12 endurance cyclists/triathletes were instructed to produce the greatest average power output during 8-minute self-paced cycling trials with BFR (60% arterial occlusion pressure) or without restriction (CON). Power output and cardiorespiratory variables were measured continuously. Perceived exertion, muscular discomfort, and cuff pain were recorded every 2 minutes. Results: Linear regression analysis of the power output slope was statistically significant (ie, deviated from the intercept) for CON (2.7 [3.2] W·30 s−1; P = .009) but not for BFR (−0.1 [3.1] W·30 s−1; P = .952). Absolute power output was ∼24% (12%) lower at all time points (P < .001) during BFR compared with CON. Oxygen consumption (18% [12%]; P < .001), heart rate (7% [9%]; P < .001), and perceived exertion (8% [21%]; P = .008) were reduced during BFR compared with CON, whereas muscular discomfort (25% [35%]; P = .003) was greater. Cuff pain was rated as “strong” (5.3 [1.8] au; 0–10 scale) for BFR. Conclusion: Trained cyclists adopted a more even distribution of pace when BFR was applied compared with a negative distribution during CON. By presenting a unique combination of physiological and perceptual responses, BFR is a useful tool to understand how the distribution of pace is self-regulated.
The SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease suppresses type I interferon responses by deubiquitinating STING
Authors: Cao Dan , Duan Lian , Huang Bin , Xiong Yuxian , Zhang Guoliang , Huang Hao
Published: May 2023

The SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro), which has deubiquitinating activity, suppresses the type I interferon (IFN-I) antiviral response. We investigated the mechanism by which PLpro antagonizes cellular antiviral responses. In HEK392T cells, PLpro removed K63-linked polyubiquitin chains from Lys
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of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING). PLpro-mediated deubiquitination of STING disrupted the STING-IKKε-IRF3 complex that induces the production of IFN-β and IFN-stimulated cytokines and chemokines. In human airway cells infected with SARS-CoV-2, the combined treatment with the STING agonist diABZi and the PLpro inhibitor GRL0617 resulted in the synergistic inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication and increased IFN-I responses. The PLpros of seven human coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, HCoV-229E, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-NL63) and four SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (α, β, γ, and δ) all bound to STING and suppressed STING-stimulated IFN-I responses in HEK293T cells. These findings reveal how SARS-CoV-2 PLpro inhibits IFN-I signaling through STING deubiquitination and a general mechanism used by seven human coronaviral PLpros to dysregulate STING and to facilitate viral innate immune evasion. We also identified simultaneous pharmacological STING activation and PLpro inhibition as a potentially effective strategy for antiviral therapy against SARS-CoV-2.