bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knockdown of TRPV2 inhibits the migration of RAW264.7 cells toward low fluid shear stress region
Authors: Gao Yan , Zhang Xiao , Huo Bo
Published: August 2023

Our previous studies have demonstrated that macrophages (RAW264.7) have a special ability for sensing the gradient of fluid shear stress (FSS) and migrate toward the low‐FSS region. However, the molecular mechanism regulating this phenomenon is still unclear. In this study, we examined the transcriptome genes in RAW264.7 cells, MC3T3‐E1 osteoblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, canine renal epithelial cells, and periodontal ligament cells. The expression levels of genes related to cell migration, force transfer, and force sensitivity in the Ca2+ signaling pathway were analyzed. We observed that the transient receptor potential cation channel type 2 (TRPV2) was highly expressed in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, we used lentiviral transfection to knockdown TRPV2 expression in RAW264.7 cells and studied the effect of TRPV2 on the migration of RAW264.7 cells under a gradient FSS field. The results showed that compared with normal cells, TRPV2‐knockdown cells had impaired ability for sensing FSS gradient to migrate toward the low‐FSS region and lower intracellular calcium response to FSS stimulation. This study may reveal the molecular mechanism of regulating the directional migration of macrophages under a gradient FSS field.
Bimodality of auditory receptors in bush‐crickets. Сontinued discussion. It's time to experiment
Authors: Zhantiev Rustem , Korsunovskaya Olga
Published: August 2023

Continuation of the discussion on the sensitivity of the chordotonal sensilla of the tympanal organ of bush‐crickets to vibratory stimuli. We have previously shown that individual receptors registered directly in the tympanal organ perceive vibrations along with sound stimuli. In addition, scolopidia of the crista acustica possess mixed sensitivity, too, as well as receptors of the intermediate organ. The authors of the comment offered their opinion concerning our applied methods as well as our obtained results. In particular, they noted the dissimilarity of our data from the previously obtained data (the 1970s–1990s), mainly in the laboratory of Prof. K. Kalmring, who assumed that only low‐frequency receptors, in particular receptors of the intermediate organ, possess mixed sensitivity. At the same time, receptor activity was recorded in the tympanal nerve without morphological identification of receptors (with the exception of one stained neuron in the prothoracic ganglion). We carried out a series of experiments using the method of K. Kalmring and found that it is possible to register several receptors in the tympanal nerve with different reactions during one experiment: to sound only, also both to vibration stimuli and sound. In the latter case, we dealt with low‐threshold receptors, which responded to ultrasound, and this with high probability belonged to the crista acustica. Similar data were previously obtained on the bush‐cricket Decticus verrucivorus. In this publication, we explain the methodological features of our work and suggest that the loss of sensitivity to vibrations at the level of the tympanal nerve by some auditory receptors may be due to the ephaptic and/or chemical interaction of the tympanal organ receptors with vibroreceptors of the subgenual or other organs. To verify this hypothesis, it is necessary to conduct additional studies, such as physiological, morphological, and immunohistochemical, along the entire vibroacoustic afferent tract, that is, from the peripheral part to the first switches to the corresponding interneurons.
Patient Experience With Absolute Voice Rest Following Phonomicrosurgery: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Dong Selina X. , Lin R. J.
Published: August 2023

Objective(s)

Voice rest is commonly recommended following phonomicrosurgery to minimize vocal fold scarring, but associated quality of life (QoL) is low resulting in poor compliance. This study aimed to explore patients' experiences with voice rest following phonomicrosurgery to identify facilitators and barriers.

Methods

This qualitative study used prospective, typical case technique for purposive sampling of consecutive patients who underwent voice rest following phonomicrosurgery for benign vocal fold lesions. Participants were enrolled at a single tertiary Laryngology center located at Unity Health Toronto – St. Michael's Hospital from 2020 to 2022. Semi‐structured virtual interviews were conducted 4 weeks following patients' surgery. All interview transcripts were transcribed verbatim and underwent thematic analysis. Participant recruitment was stopped once thematic saturation was achieved.

Results

Twenty participants were recruited and 4 withdrew due to scheduling conflicts. Sixteen participants completed interviews, all of whom reported minimal impact of postoperative voice rest on QoL. The participants attributed their success to facilitators such as notifying close contacts of their situation beforehand and adopting nonverbal forms of communication. No participant endorsed a negative attitude toward voice rest. Understanding the rationale for voice rest and the consequences of noncompliance were reported to be effective in encouraging compliance.

Conclusion

Overall, the participants tolerated voice rest well owing to facilitators such as early preparation, lifestyle modifications, and understanding the rationale for voice rest. Social disconnect and work demands were barriers of voice rest. Moving forward, facilitators and barriers should be addressed in efforts to optimize the voice rest experience for future patient populations.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 134:361–366, 2024
Machinability and surface morphology investigations of multiwall carbon nanotube reinforced aluminium 7075 metal matrix composite during electrical discharge machining: A grey relational approach
Authors: Pradhan Rahul Chandra , Tripathy Abhishek Gautam , Prasad Kumar Shantanu , Sahoo Barada Prasanna , Das Diptikanta , Kumar Ramanuj
Published: August 2023

Multiwall carbon nanotube buttressed aluminium 7075 metal matrix composite was synthesized through an amended liquid metallurgy method, which consisted semisolid stirring, ultrasonic treatment and squeeze casting. Aim was to investigate its machinability and surface morphology during electrical discharge machining. Variable machining factors were peak current, pulse‐on time and gap voltage, whereas the responses under investigation were electrode wear rate, material removal rate and average surface roughness. Results revealed electrode wear rate, material wear rate and average surface roughness increased on increasing peak current and pulse‐on time, but all these responses behaved inversely with the increase of gap voltage. Average surface roughness reduced by around 44 % on reducing the peak current from 10 A to 4 A and increasing gap voltage from 55 V to 80 V at constant pulse‐on time of 300 μs; however, it increased by around 25 % on reducing the gap voltage from 80 V to 55 V and increasing the pulse‐on time from 100 μs to 300 μs at constant peak current of 10 A. Significance of the process parameters were verified, regression models were developed and morphology of the machined surfaces was studied. Finally, multiple response optimization was conducted following grey relational approach.
Evolution of microstructure and mechanical characteristics of friction stir welded ultrafine‐grained aluminum alloy 6082
Authors: Verma J. , Padap A. K.
Published: August 2023

Bulk production of ultrafine‐grained material is in great demand presently. Ultrafine‐grained material can be synthesized using accumulative roll bonding, which is a prominent severe plastic deformation technique to develop such materials in bulk. There are further challenges in the fabrication of ultrafine‐grained material. Friction stir welding is a potential technique to join the ultrafine‐grained material while maintaining its mechanical and microstructural characteristics stability as no fusion is required. The present research work demonstrates the microstructural and mechanical characteristics of various welding zone after friction stir welding of ultrafine‐grained aluminum alloy 6082. The microstructural features were examined using optical microscopy and the electron back‐scattered diffraction technique. The variation in mechanical characteristics was observed using tensile and microhardness tests. The fractography of tensile specimens was studied to identify the mode of failure. The present study demonstrates the viability of friction stir welding to join ultrafine‐grained aluminum alloy 6082 developed by accumulative roll bonding. The ultrafine grain size of 0.52 μm was achieved after four accumulative roll bonding cycles. The microhardness of accumulative roll bonding processed samples and the tensile strength of the weld joint were increased about two times and 1.6 times respectively compared to the annealed sample.
Cancer stem cells in brain tumors: From origin to clinical implications
Authors: Lin Shuyun , Li Kaishu , Qi Ling
Published: August 2023

Malignant brain tumors are highly heterogeneous tumors with a poor prognosis and a high morbidity and mortality rate in both children and adults. The cancer stem cell (CSC, also named tumor‐initiating cell) model states that tumor growth is driven by a subset of CSCs. This model explains some of the clinical observations of brain tumors, including the almost unavoidable tumor recurrence after initial successful chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy and treatment resistance. Over the past two decades, strategies for the identification and characterization of brain CSCs have improved significantly, supporting the design of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for brain tumors. Relevant studies have unveiled novel characteristics of CSCs in the brain, including their heterogeneity and distinctive immunobiology, which have provided opportunities for new research directions and potential therapeutic approaches. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of CSCs markers and stemness regulators in brain tumors. We also comprehensively describe the influence of the CSCs niche and tumor microenvironment on brain tumor stemness, including interactions between CSCs and the immune system, and discuss the potential application of CSCs in brain‐based therapies for the treatment of brain tumors.
Deep Brain Stimulation of the Globus Pallidus Internus and Externus in Multiple System Atrophy
Authors: Di Luca Daniel G. , Ramirez‐Gomez Carolina , Germann Jurgen , Santyr Brendan , Boutet Alexandre , Milosevic Luka , Lang Anthony E. , Kalia Suneil K. , Lozano Andres M. , Fasano Alfonso
Published: August 2023

Background

Multiple system atrophy with parkinsonism (MSA‐P) is a progressive condition with no effective treatment.

Objective

The aim of this study was to describe the safety and efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of globus pallidus pars interna and externa in a cohort of patients with MSA‐P.

Methods

Six patients were included. Changes in Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III (MDS‐UPDRS III), Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ‐39) scores, and levodopa equivalent daily dose were compared before and after DBS. Electrode localization and volume tissue activation were calculated.

Results

DBS surgery did not result in any major adverse events or intraoperative complications. Overall, no differences in MDS‐UPDRS III scores were demonstrated (55.2 ± 17.6 preoperatively compared with 67.3 ± 19.2 at 1 year after surgery), although transient improvement in mobility and dyskinesia was reported in some subjects.

Conclusions

Globus pallidus pars interna and externa DBS for patients with MSA‐P did not result in major complications, although it did not provide significant clinical benefit as measured by MDS‐UPDRS III. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Wavelets computational modeling of nonlinear coupled reaction–diffusion models arising in chemical processes
Authors: Pandit Sapna
Published: August 2023

This work submits the computational modeling of nonlinear coupled reaction–diffusion (RD) models via uniform scale‐2 Haar wavelets (S2HWs) based numerical algorithm. The nonlinear RD models have many applications in mathematical chemistry, chemical and biological processes, etc. In the design of the algorithm, first of all, semi‐discretization is done in time, and after that, the quasi‐linearization process is used for linearization. Finally, the full discretization is done with the help of S2HWs, and the enlisted linear system is solved by LU decomposition method. Also, the convergence analysis of the algorithm has discussed. In the simulation part, different types of patterns such as Turing, pulse‐splitting, self‐replicating pulse patterns, etc. of different models are captured.
Organic Transistor–Based Chemical Sensors for Real‐Sample Analysis
Authors: Sasaki Yui , Minami Tsuyoshi
Published: August 2023

An organic field‐effect transistor (OFET) is the representative amplification device showing a switching profile by applying a gate voltage, which indicates the potential as a chemical sensor device in combination with appropriate molecular‐recognition materials. In contrast, the realization of OFET‐based chemical sensors for real‐sample analysis is limited owing to the instability of organic semiconductive materials under ambient conditions and the difficulty of the designs of molecular‐recognition materials. Methodologies and actual approaches to maximize the potential of the OFETs as chemical sensor platforms based on fusion technologies between organic electronics and molecular‐recognition chemistry are described in this review.
Use of carefully titrated ultra‐low doses of alteplase in infected haemothorax caused by initial alteplase use to drain loculated malignant pleural effusion
Authors: Oh Jeong Suk , Yoo Chris , Wong Donny
Published: August 2023

Alteplase as a fibrinolytic can be used to break up fibrin to encourage clot breakdown for clinical use. In the pleural space, it is used for symptomatic loculated malignant pleural effusions and pleural infections and can potentially avoid the need for surgical intervention. The optimal dose and dosing regimen of intrapleural fibrinolytics is still unknown. Although generally considered safe, bleeding is a serious potential complication and studies are ongoing to try and determine the lowest effective dose of alteplase to successfully treat pleural infections. This case highlighted the safe use of very low doses of alteplase ranging from 0.25 to 0.5 mg following pleural bleeding after the use of alteplase to treat a patient with symptomatic malignant loculated effusion. It demonstrates once pleural bleeding has stopped, there is a role for carefully titrated intrapleural alteplase use to avoid surgery.
A stable and robust electrode using Copious metal oxide composite for green hydrogen production
Authors: Pandey Preeti H. , Bhadke Anil , Adivarekar Ravindra , Tayade Shivaji N. , Tawade Anita K. , Sharma Kirankumar K. , Patil Pramod S. , More Sandeep , Pawar Hitesh S.
Published: August 2023

The exploration of inexpensive and copious materials for water splitting has not come to an end even though a lot of materials has been synthesised to cope with the high overpotential and Tafel slope. The present manuscript demonstrates fabrication and performance studies of Co3O4 and TiO2 composite (CTC) catalyst coated electrode for electrochemical water splitting. The use of CTC (Co3O4@TiO2) showed the band gap of 2.41 eV which is found to be suitable for efficient water splitting reaction. The electrode fabrication was done using CTL coated FTO glass that provided a stable cathodic electrode for overall water splitting. The detail electrochemical studies of CTC electrode were performed in 1 M KOH electrolyte solution in a three‐electrode system. The CTC exhibited lowest Tafel slope value for both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of 51 mV/dec and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) of 166 mV/dec, calculated at 10 mA/cm2. Moreover, the highest current density 66.59 mA/cm2 at 0.20 V and 85.84 mA/cm2 at 1.85 V was observed for HER and OER, respectively. The significantly low overpotential 104 mV for HER and 240 mV for OER at 10 mA/cm2 depicted the efficiency of catalyst. The chronoamperometry study showed no significant loss in the activity CTC coating upto 32 h. Thus, the CTC coated electrode is found to be an excellent, stable and robust electrocatalyst for economical green H2 production.
Facile Preparation of CsPbBr3 Nanocrystals/Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer Composite Films with Long Term Stability and Flexibility for X‐ray Imaging
Authors: Li Zhigang , Sun Yuanjie , Han Fuguang , Wang Yi , Li Jinfeng , Zhang Nan , Tian Bo , Zhao Hongtao
Published: August 2023

CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs)/ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) composite flexible films were synthesized through a two‐step process. Firstly, CsPbBr3 nanocrystals with size of ~15 nm were synthesized via hot‐injection method, then the nanocrystals were dispersed in toluene as well as dissolution of EVA. The as‐prepared films emitting high purity of 90 % green color and photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 80 % with CsPbBr3 nanocrystals loading of 5 % wt under X‐ray. Owing to the EVA encapsulating of CsPbBr3, the composites show long‐term stable luminescent properties in atmosphere and even in water. Also, with the EVA as matrix, the composite films are ponent to be repeated bent for 1500 cycles without losing PL intensity property obviously. The X‐ray image with high contrast was captured at dose rate of ~25 μGyair/s(~0.09 Gy/h), that were estimated via calibrated apparatus. These results indicate that the CsPbBr3/EVA composite film has great potential application in fields of radiation detection and especially of X‐ray imaging.
The Simultaneous Photooxidation of As(III) and Photoreduction of Cr(VI) in the Presence of Fe(III) in Aqueous Solution by UV/TiO2 Process: Performance and Mechanism
Authors: Luong Giang Thi Kim , Ku Young
Published: August 2023

Photocatalytic redox removal of As(III) and Cr(VI) in aqueous solution was investigated by UV/TiO2/Fe(III) process under various conditions. Fabricated TiO2 film was synthesized by the impregnation method, and used as photocatalyst in this study. The simultaneous removal of As(III) and Cr(VI) enhanced by 55 % and 24 % by adding Fe(III) in acidic solution under UV irradiation within 90 min. The reaction rate for As(III) oxidation and Cr(VI) reduction reached the highest value in acidic solution and high UV light intensity. The effect of inorganic ions on As(III) removal efficiency followed the order of SO42−>Cl−>
, meanwhile, there was no inhibition on Cr(VI) reduction. Trapping experiment results indicated that the photogenerated holes coupled with ⋅OH radicals contributed to As(III) oxidation; photogenerated electrons and Fe(II) were responsible for Cr(VI) reduction. Kinetic analysis using Langmuir‐Hinshelwood (L‐H) model for As(III) photooxidation and Cr(VI) photoreduction were presented and the possible mechanism was proposed in this study.
Transition metal carbide‐based photocatalysts for artificial photosynthesis
Authors: Wong Khai J. , Foo Joel J. , Siang Tan J. , Ong Wee‐Jun
Published: August 2023

Transition metal carbides, including both MXene and non‐MXene metal carbides, have enjoyed a soaring reputation in recent years. Benefitting from their intriguing physical and chemical characteristics, they shine in multifarious research fields and currently, they have emerged as promising nanomaterials for photocatalysis in energy and environmental science. Herein, based on the recent theoretical research and experimental studies, a systematic and comprehensive review of the expeditious advances of metal carbides and their nano‐architectures in the flourishing arena of photocatalysis is presented. The fundamental mechanism involved in photocatalysis with metal carbides serving as semiconductors or cocatalysts is thoroughly discussed. Besides, we highlight the main synthetic strategies of MXene and non‐MXene metal carbides and unravel the structural properties of the as‐obtained metal carbides via different fabrication routes to establish and elucidate their intriguing role in ameliorating photocatalytic activity. Moreover, the state‐of‐the‐art advancements of metal carbides in diverse photocatalytic applications, including hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, overall water splitting, and carbon dioxide reduction reaction, are summarized. In particular, insights into the structure–activity relationship of metal carbide in photocatalysis are elucidated. Finally, this review concludes with the ongoing challenges and perspectives on the future directions of metal carbides in the realm of photocatalysis.
Origin of Microstrain in FAPbI3 Perovskite and Its Effect on the Stability
Authors: Xing Chuwu , Bao Qinhui , Liu Shanjing , Chu Xin , Lu Fei , Zhang Lian , Yu Linkai , Zhang Tianjin , Wang Duofa
Published: August 2023

Lattice strain is often regarded as an important factor affecting the stability of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells, but the current understanding on the origin of the strain is still unclear. Herein, the microstructure of formamidinium perovskite is analyzed by the Rietveld refinement method to reveal the origin of its microstrain. It is found that there is a lattice mismatch between the α‐phase perovskite and the δ‐phase impurity during the fabrication process, which generates strong microstrain in perovskite film. Moreover, the strain also exacerbates the aging process of formamidinium perovskite. By introducing Cs ions, the lattice mismatch of α‐phase and δ‐phase perovskites is reduced, thereby reducing the microstrain of perovskites and improving the device performance.
Impact of cardiac history and myocardial scar on increase of myocardial perfusion after revascularization
Authors: Jukema Ruurt A. , de Winter Ruben W. , Hopman Luuk H.G.A. , Driessen Roel S. , van Diemen Pepijn A. , Appelman Yolande , Twisk Jos W.R. , Planken R. Nils , Raijmakers Pieter G. , Knaapen Paul , Danad Ibrahim
Published: August 2023

Purpose

We sought to assess the impact of coronary revascularization on myocardial perfusion and fractional flow reserve (FFR) in patients without a cardiac history, with prior myocardial infarction (MI) or non-MI percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Furthermore, we studied the impact of scar tissue.

Methods

Symptomatic patients underwent [15O]H2O positron emission tomography (PET) and FFR before and after revascularization. Patients with prior CAD, defined as prior MI or PCI, underwent scar quantification by magnetic resonance imaging late gadolinium enhancement.

Results

Among 137 patients (87% male, age 62.2 ± 9.5 years) 84 (61%) had a prior MI or PCI. The increase in FFR and hyperemic myocardial blood flow (hMBF) was less in patients with prior MI or non-MI PCI compared to those without a cardiac history (FFR: 0.23 ± 0.14 vs. 0.20 ± 0.12 vs. 0.31 ± 0.18, p = 0.02; hMBF: 0.54 ± 0.75 vs. 0.62 ± 0.97 vs. 0.91 ± 0.96 ml/min/g, p = 0.04). Post-revascularization FFR and hMBF were similar across patients without a cardiac history or with prior MI or non-MI PCI. An increase in FFR was strongly associated to hMBF increase in patients without a cardiac history or with prior MI/non-MI PCI (r = 0.60 and r = 0.60, p < 0.01 for both). Similar results were found for coronary flow reserve. In patients with prior MI scar was negatively correlated to hMBF increase and independently predictive of an attenuated CFR increase.

Conclusions

Post revascularization FFR and perfusion were similar among patients without a cardiac history, with prior MI or non-MI PCI. In patients with prior MI scar burden was associated to an attenuated perfusion increase.
Arterial Embolism After Facial Fat Grafting: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Moellhoff Nicholas , Kuhlmann Constanze , Frank Konstantin , Kim Bong-Sung , Conte Francesco , Cotofana Sebastian , Piccolo Nelson S. , Pallua Norbert
Published: August 2023

Background

While autologous fat grafting of the face is considered a generally safe procedure, severe complications such as arterial embolism (AE) have been reported.

Objective

To summarize data on injection-related visual compromise, stroke, and death caused by arterial embolism after facial fat transplantation.

Materials and Methods

Plastic surgery societies were contacted for reports on AE after autologous facial fat injection. In addition, a systematic literature review was performed. Data extracted included study design, injection site/technique, symptoms, management, outcome, and etiology.

Results

61 patients with a mean age of 33.56 ± 11.45 years were reported. Injections targeted the glabella or multiple facial regions (bothn = 16/61, 26.2%) most commonly, followed by injections in the temples (n = 10/61, 16.4%) and the forehead (n = 9/61, 14.8%). The mean volume injected was 21.5 ± 21.5 ml. Visual symptoms were described most frequently (n = 24/58, 41.4%) followed by neurological symptoms (n = 20/58, 34.5%), or both (n = 13/58, 22.4%). Ophthalmic artery (OA,n = 26/60, 43.3%), anterior or middle cerebral artery (CA,n = 11/60, 18.3%) or both (n = 14/60, 23.3%) were most frequently occluded. Outcome analysis revealed permanent vision loss in all patients with OA occlusion (n = 26/26, 100%), neurological impairment in most patients with CA occlusion (n = 8/10, 80%), and vision loss in most patients suffering from both OA and CA occlusion (n = 7/11, 63.6%). Six patients died following embolisms.

Conclusions

AE causes severe complications such as blindness, stroke, and death. Due to a lack of high-quality data, no evidence-based treatment algorithms exist. To increase patient safety, a database collecting cases and complications should be established.

Level of Evidence III

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authorswww.springer.com/00266.
The impact of COVID-19 related lockdown restrictions on musculoskeletal health: a systematic review
Authors: Gebrye Tadesse , Niyi-Odumosu Faatihah , Lawoe Joyceline , Mbada Chidozie , Fatoye Francis
Published: August 2023

There is limited empirical evidence on whether Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related lockdown restrictions precipitate or perpetuate musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders. This study was aimed to synthesis literature that assessed the impact of COVID-19 related lockdown restrictions on MSK health. A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Studies meeting the following criteria were included in the review: the condition being considered was MSK health, the intervention was COVID-19 related lockdown restrictions, cross sectional studies, cohort studies, case controlled, prospective studies and retrospective studies. Data were extracted by 2 independent researchers. Risk of bias was assessed by the Newcastle–Ottawa quality assessment scale. Evidence from included studies was summarised using narrative synthesis. Fourteen studies comprising 22,471 participants of the general population from Turkey (n = 5), Italy (n = 1), Poland (n = 1), Australia (n = 2), Jordan (n = 1), Bangladesh (n = 1), Estonia (n = 1), the Netherlands (n = 1) and Saudi Arabia (n = 1) have met the inclusion criteria. The sample size of populations studied ranged from 91 to 1054. The included studies used questionnaire, visual analogic scale, or growth mixture modelling. Except for one study, all the included studies reported increased prevalence and incidence of MSK disorders due to COVID-19 related lockdown restrictions. The findings suggest that COVID-19 related lockdown restriction led to increased MSK disorders. Home-based strategies such as physical activity programmes and ergonomic workspace could potentially guide public health authorities to avoid MSK health problem.
Measure quantity of mitochondrial DNA in aged bones or calculate it from nuclear DNA quantitative PCR results?
Authors: Obal Marcel , Zupanc Tomaž , Zupanič Pajnič Irena
Published: August 2023

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is of great value in forensics to procure information about a person when a next of kin, personal belongings, or other sources of nuclear DNA (nDNA) are unavailable, or nDNA is lacking in quality and quantity. The quality and reliability of the results depend greatly on ensuring optimal conditions for the given method, for instance, the optimal input of the copy number (CN) in next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods. The unavailability of commercial quantitative PCR (qPCR) methods to determine mtDNA CN creates the necessity to rely on recommendations to infer mtDNA CN from nDNA yield. Because nDNA yield varies between individuals, tissues, parts of the same tissue, and because mtDNA CN varies between tissues, such assumptions must be examined for a specific context, rather than be generalized. This study compares mtDNA CN calculated from nDNA yield and qPCR measured mtDNA CN. Seventy-five femurs from the Second World War victims were used as samples; they were cut below the greater trochanter, surface contaminants were removed by mechanical and chemical cleaning, samples were fully demineralized, and DNA was isolated. PowerQuant® Kit (Promega) was used to analyze DNA yield. An in-house method was used to determine mtDNA CN. Comparison of mtDNA CN from nDNA derived calculations and measured mtDNA CN highlighted vast differences. The results emphasize the need to perform qPCR to assess mtDNA CN before NGS analyses of aged bones’ mitogenomes rather than estimating mtDNA CN from nDNA yield to ensure the quality and reliability of the results of NGS analysis.
A three-step approach to close refractory persistent macular holes: a releasing-closing-tapping approach
Authors: Su Tong , He Shuai , Mao Peiyao , Gu Chufeng , Meng Chunren , Zhou Chuandi , Chen Jili , Zheng Zhi , Qiu Qinghua
Published: August 2023

Purpose

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of a novel releasing-closing-tapping approach in the treatment of persistent macular holes (PMHs) after initial surgery with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed patients with PMHs after initial surgery with ILM peeling who were treated with a novel releasing-closing-tapping approach. After repeated pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), the surgeon effectively released the adhesion between the edges and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) by gently scraping the retinal neuroepithelium. Then, the hole was converted into a transverse slit, and the edges were gently tapped flat so that they attached to the RPE, and no space was left under the edges. Finally, air tamponade was carried out. The primary outcome measures included MH closure and the change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from preoperatively to postoperatively.

Results

The study included 11 PMH patients with a mean age of 63.82 ± 3.31 years. The mean minimum linear diameter of PMHs was 666.3 ± 208.1 μm, and the mean basal diameter was 1547.2 ± 351.8 μm. MH closure was achieved in 90.9% (10/11) of eyes, with significant improvement of visual acuity from 1.19 ± 0.30 logMAR to 0.65 ± 0.29 logMAR postoperatively.

Conclusion

The releasing-closing-tapping approach with repeated PPV is a simple, effective, and safe surgical procedure for refractory PMHs after initial surgery with ILM peeling that can significantly improve the visual outcome and achieve a high surgical success rate.
Modelling human endurance: power laws vs critical power
Authors: Drake Jonah P. , Finke Axel , Ferguson Richard A.
Published: August 2023

The power–duration relationship describes the time to exhaustion for exercise at different intensities. It is believed to be a “fundamental bioenergetic property of living systems” that this relationship is hyperbolic. Indeed, the hyperbolic (a.k.a. critical-power) model which formalises this belief is the dominant tool for describing and predicting high-intensity exercise performance, e.g. in cycling, running, rowing or swimming. However, the hyperbolic model is now the focus of a heated debate in the literature because it unrealistically represents efforts that are short (< 2 min) or long (> 15 min). We contribute to this debate by demonstrating that the power–duration relationship is more adequately represented by an alternative, power-law model. In particular, we show that the often-observed good fit of the hyperbolic model between 2 and 15 min should not be taken as proof that the power–duration relationship is hyperbolic. Rather, in this range, a hyperbolic function just happens to approximate a power law fairly well. We also prove mathematical results which suggest that the power-law model is a safer tool for pace selection than the hyperbolic model and that the former more naturally models fatigue than the latter.
Ten rapid antigen tests for SARS-CoV-2 widely differ in their ability to detect Omicron-BA.4 and -BA.5
Authors: Krenn Franziska , Dächert Christopher , Badell Irina , Lupoli Gaia , Öztan Gamze Naz , Feng Tianle , Schneider Nikolas , Huber Melanie , Both Hanna , Späth Patricia M. , Muenchhoff Maximilian , Graf Alexander , Krebs Stefan , Blum Helmut , Durner Jürgen , Czibere Ludwig , Kaderali Lars , Keppler Oliver T. , Baldauf Hanna-Mari , Osterman Andreas
Published: August 2023

Since late 2021, the variant landscape of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been dominated by the variant of concern (VoC) Omicron and its sublineages. We and others have shown that the detection of Omicron-BA.1 and -BA.2-positive respiratory specimens by rapid antigen tests (RATs) is impaired compared to Delta VoC-containing samples. Here, in a single-center retrospective laboratory study, we evaluated the performance of ten most commonly used RATs for the detection of Omicron-BA.4 and -BA.5 infections. We used 171 respiratory swab specimens from SARS-CoV-2 RNA-positive patients, of which 71 were classified as BA.4 and 100 as BA.5. All swabs were collected between July and September 2022. 50 SARS-CoV-2 PCR-negative samples from healthy individuals, collected in October 2022, showed high specificity in 9 out of 10 RATs. When assessing analytical sensitivity using clinical specimens, the 50% limit of detection (LoD50) ranged from 7.6 × 104 to 3.3 × 106 RNA copies subjected to the RATs for BA.4 compared to 6.8 × 104 to 3.0 × 106 for BA.5. Overall, intra-assay differences for the detection of these two Omicron subvariants were not significant for both respiratory swabs and tissue culture-expanded virus isolates. In contrast, marked heterogeneity was observed among the ten RATs: to be positive in these point-of-care tests, up to 443-fold (BA.4) and up to 56-fold (BA.5) higher viral loads were required for the worst performing RAT compared to the best performing RAT. True-positive rates for Omicron-BA.4- or -BA.5-containing specimens in the highest viral load category (Ct values < 25) ranged from 94.3 to 34.3%, dropping to 25.6 to 0% for samples with intermediate Ct values (25–30). We conclude that the high heterogeneity in the performance of commonly used RATs remains a challenge for the general public to obtain reliable results in the evolving Omicron subvariant-driven pandemic.
Interdisziplinäres Multimodales Assessment
Authors: Schouten Leonie , Kaiser Ulrike ,   PAIN2020-Team, Isenberg Thomas , Lindena Gabriele , Martin Carolin , Möller André , Augustin Katharina , Kaiser Ulrike , Gärtner Anne , Preißler Anke , Hoffmann Greta , Pritzke Michael Julia , Petzke Frank , Pfingsten Michael , Schouten Leonie , Deppe Karin , Casser Hans-Raimund , Nagel Bernd , Schwenk Katja , Metz-Oster Beatrice , Milch Lena , Rensland Jana , Kohlmann Thomas , Szczotkowski Daniel , Marschall Ursula , Schumacher Catharina , Petzke Frank
Published: August 2023

Hintergrund

In PAIN2020 (Innovationsfond, 01NVF17049) wurde ein frühzeitig im Krankheitsverlauf ansetzendes, ambulantes Interdisziplinäres Multimodales Assessment (IMA) eingeführt. Zentrales Qualitätsmerkmal ist die enge interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit der Schmerzmedizin, Physiotherapie und Psychologie, die eines komplexen Organisations- bzw. Abstimmungsprozesses, insbesondere in Teamsitzung und Abschlussgespräch, bedarf.

Ziel

Die (unterschiedlichen) Sichtweisen der beteiligten Berufsgruppen werden im Teamprozess als gemeinsamer Konsens zusammengeführt. Der Ablauf zur Gestaltung der Interaktion der Berufsgruppen untereinander in Teamsitzung und Abschlussgespräch sowie mit den Patient:innen soll untersucht (qualitativ) und diskutiert werden.

Methodik

In PAIN2020 fand ein Workshop zum IMA statt, um die im Prozess bisher gewonnenen Erkenntnisse und Erfahrungen durch das Monitoring mit Mitarbeitenden bzw. Teams der PAIN2020-Zentren gemeinsam zu reflektieren. In einer von drei Arbeitsphasen wurden in interprofessionell zusammengestellten Gruppen im Rahmen eines World Cafés in drei rotierenden Durchgängen Aussagen der Teilnehmenden zur Gestaltung der Interaktion in Teamsitzung und Abschlussgespräch eingeholt.

Ergebnisse

Es konnten förderliche und hinderliche Faktoren für die Gestaltung interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit in Teamsitzung und Abschlussgespräch identifiziert werden, die übergeordnet in einem Rahmenmodell zusammengeführt wurden.

Diskussion

Das Erbringen der neuen Versorgungsleistung als eine interdisziplinäre Aufgabe im Team geht über bestehende Struktur- und Prozessparameter in der Definition von Rahmenbedingungen in der Interdisziplinären Multimodalen Schmerztherapie hinaus und sollte daher ebenfalls personale Kompetenzen und Fachkompetenzen mitberücksichtigen. Für die Umsetzung des IMAs ergeben sich daher neue Dimensionen, die zukünftig diskutiert werden sollten.
Divided method of intercostal nerve block reduces ropivacaine dose by half in thoracoscopic pulmonary resection while maintaining the postoperative pain score and 4-h mobilization: a retrospective study
Authors: Nakai Aiko , Nakada Jyunya , Takahashi Yusuke , Sakakura Noriaki , Masago Katuhiro , Okamoto Sakura , Kuroda Hiroaki
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This study investigated whether the divided method of multi-level intercostal nerve block (ML-ICB) could reduce the ropivacaine dose required during thoracoscopic pulmonary resection, while maintaining the resting postoperative pain scores.

Methods

This retrospective, single-cohort study enrolled 241 patients who underwent thoracoscopic pulmonary resection for malignant tumors between October 2020 and March 2022 at a cancer hospital in Japan. ML-ICB was performed by surgeons under direct vision. The differences in intraoperative anesthetic use and postoperative pain-related variables at the beginning and end of surgery between group A (single-shot ML-ICB; 0.75% ropivacaine, 20 mL at the end of the surgery) and group B (divided ML-ICB, performed at the beginning and end of surgery; 0.25% ropivacaine, 30 mL total) were assessed. The numerical rating scale (NRS) was used to evaluate pain 1 h and 24 h postoperatively.

Results

Intraoperative remifentanil use was significantly lower in group B (14.4 ± 6.4 μg/kg/h) than in group A (16.7 ± 8.4 μg/kg/h) (P = 0.02). The proportion of patients with NRS scores of 0 to 3 at 24 h was significantly higher in group B (85.4%, 106/124) than in group A (73.5%, 86/117) (P = 0.02). The proportion of patients not requiring postoperative intravenous rescue drugs was significantly higher in group B (78.2%, 97/124) than in group A (61.5%, 72/117) (P < 0.01).

Conclusion

The divided method of ML-ICB could reduce the intraoperative remifentanil dose, decrease the postoperative pain score at 24 h, and curtail postoperative intravenous rescue drug use, despite using half the total ropivacaine dose intraoperatively.
Heterogeneous Swelling of an Isotropically Compacted Bentonite-Based Material: Experimental Observations and Modelling
Authors: Dieudonné Anne-Catherine , Gatabin Claude , Dridi Wissem , Talandier Jean , Collin Frédéric , Charlier Robert
Published: August 2023

This paper presents a comprehensive investigation of the swelling behaviour of a compacted bentonite–sand mixture subjected to hydration under constant volume conditions. Contrary to previous studies, the tested sample was isotropically compacted before being hydrated under constant volume conditions until full saturation was reached. The total axial pressure, total radial pressures at four different heights of the sample, and injected water volume were recorded over time. The experimental data reveal a complex and non-uniform evolution of the axial and radial stresses over time, as well as anisotropy of the total stresses, which persist at the saturated equilibrated state. To gain further insights, a numerical analysis was performed using an advanced hydromechanical framework for partially saturated porous media, accounting for the evolving microstructure of the material. The complex evolution of the total axial and radial pressures with time is attributed to the advancing hydration and swelling front in the sample, along with the development of irreversible strains. The good agreement between the numerical results and the experimental data enables validation of the developed framework. Implications for engineered barriers in deep geological disposal of radioactive waste are discussed.
Mapping high-grade glioma immune infiltration to 5-ALA fluorescence levels: TCGA data computation, classical histology, and digital image analysis
Authors: Lang Alexandra , Jeron Raphael L. , Lontzek Bastian , Kiesel Barbara , Mischkulnig Mario , Berghoff Anna S. , Ricken Gerda , Wöhrer Adelheid , Rössler Karl , Lötsch-Gojo Daniela , Roetzer-Pejrimovsky Thomas , Berger Walter , Hainfellner Johannes A. , Höftberger Romana , Widhalm Georg , Erhart Friedrich
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Resection of high-grade gliomas has been considerably improved by 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA). However, not all neurobiological properties of 5-ALA are fully understood. Specifically, potential differences in immune infiltration have not been conclusively examined, despite recent reports that immune cells might play a role. Thus, we here provide a systematic mapping of immune infiltration of different 5-ALA fluorescence levels.

Methods

Tumor-associated macrophages (CD68, CD163), cytotoxic T cells (CD8), and regulatory T cells (FoxP3) were quantified via three methods. First, data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) of 172 patients was examined for correlations between 5-ALA fluorescence-related mRNA expression signatures and immune markers. Second, as classical histology, 508 stained slides from 39 high-grade glioma patients were analysed semi-quantitatively by two independent reviewers, generating 1016 data points. Third, digital image analysis was performed with automated scanning and algorithm-based cell quantification.

Results

TCGA mRNA data from 172 patients showed a direct, significant correlation between 5-ALA signatures and immune markers (p < 0.001). However, we were not able to confirm this finding in the here studied initial set of 39 patient histologies where we found a comparable immune infiltration in different fluorescence levels. Digital image analysis correlated excellently with standard histology.

Conclusion

With mapping the immune infiltration pattern of different 5-ALA categories, we are adding fundamental basic insights to the field of 5-ALA and glioma biology. The observation that a significant correlation in TCGA data did not fully translate to detectable differences in immune infiltration in first histology data warrants further investigation in larger cohorts.
Mediterranean lifestyle index and 24-h systolic blood pressure and heart rate in community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Talavera-Rodríguez Irene , Banegas José R. , de la Cruz Juan J. , Martínez-Gómez David , Ruiz-Canela Miguel , Ortolá Rosario , Hershey Maria S. , Artalejo Fernando Rodríguez , Sotos-Prieto Mercedes
Published: August 2023

Specific foods, nutrients, dietary patterns, and physical activity are associated with lower blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR), but little is known about the joint effect of lifestyle factors captured in a multidimensional score. We assessed the association of a validated Mediterranean-lifestyle (MEDLIFE) index with 24-h-ambulatory BP and HR in everyday life among community-living older adults. Data were taken from 2,184 individuals (51% females, mean age: 71.4 years) from the Seniors-ENRICA-2 cohort. The MEDLIFE index consisted of 29 items arranged in three blocks: 1) Food consumption; 2) Dietary habits; and 3) Physical activity, rest, and conviviality. A higher MEDLIFE score (0–29 points) represented a better Mediterranean lifestyle adherence. 24-h-ambulatory BP and HR were obtained with validated oscillometric devices. Analyses were performed with linear regression adjusted for the main confounders. The MEDLIFE-highest quintile (vs Q1) was associated with lower nighttime systolic BP (SBP) (-3.17 mmHg [95% CI: -5.25, -1.08]; p-trend = 0.011), greater nocturnal-SBP fall (1.67% [0.51, 2.83]; p-trend = 0.052), and lower HR (-2.04 bpm [daytime], -2.33 bpm [nighttime], and -1.93 bpm [24-h]; allp-trend < 0.001). Results were similar for each of the three blocks of MEDLIFE and by hypertension status (yes/no). Among older adults, higher adherence to MEDLIFE was associated with lower nighttime SBP, greater nocturnal-SBP fall, and lower HR in their everyday life. These results suggest a synergistic BP-related protection from the components of the Mediterranean lifestyle. Future studies should determine whether these results replicate in older adults from other Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean countries.
Geroprotective potential of microbiome modulators in the Caenorhabditis elegans model
Authors: Miller Brandi C. , Mathai Megha , Yadav Hariom , Jain Shalini
Published: August 2023

Aging is associated with cellular and physiological changes, which significantly reduce the quality of life and increase the risk for disease. Geroprotectors improve lifespan and slow the progression of detrimental aging-related changes such as immune system senescence, mitochondrial dysfunction, and dysregulated nutrient sensing and metabolism. Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota dysbiosis is a hallmark of aging-related diseases and microbiome modulators, such as probiotics (live bacteria) or postbiotics (non-viable bacteria/bacterial byproducts) may be promising geroprotectors. However, because they are strain-specific, the geroprotective effects of probiotics and postbiotics remain poorly understood and understudied. Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, and rodents are well-validated preclinical models for studying lifespan and the role of probiotics and/or postbiotics, but each have their limitations, including cost and their translation to human aging biology. C. elegans is an excellent model for large-scale screening to determine the geroprotective potential of drugs or probiotics/postbiotics due to its short lifecycle, easy maintenance, low cost, and homology to humans. The purpose of this article is to review the geroprotective effects of microbiome modulators and their future scope, using C. elegans as a model. The proposed geroprotective mechanisms of these probiotics and postbiotics include delaying immune system senescence, preventing or reducing mitochondrial dysfunction, and regulating food intake (dietary restriction) and metabolism. More studies are warranted to understand the geroprotective potential of probiotics and postbiotics, as well as other microbiome modulators, like prebiotics and fermented foods, and use them to develop effective therapeutics to extend lifespan and reduce the risk of debilitating aging-related diseases.