bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DAKWAH ISLAMIYAH: MENIMBANG KEMBALI KONSEP DAKWAH ISLAM MOHAMMAD NATSIR
Authors: Dani Akhmad Anwar
Published: October 2017

Basically, Islam is message (risalah) religion that it put its da’wah activities in delivering all doctrines which are consist inside this religion. These become center role for developing the future. Da’wah vitality in Islam gives the signal that will come the new formulation appropriating with developing of the world in this time. It is an opportunity for Islam in order it’s doctrines concept were received by new civilization; modern civilization. This proposition will be answered by Muhammad Natsir with amarma’ruf nahi munkar concept, which it combined the matter of da’wah, subject of da’wah and object of da’wah as a concept inseparable between and other.
Evaluating Teachers in the Big Easy: How Organizational Context Shapes Policy Responses in New Orleans
Authors: Marsh Julie A. , Bush-Mecenas Susan , Strunk Katharine O. , Lincove Jane Arnold , Huguet Alice
Published: October 2017

Although multiple-measure teacher evaluation systems have gained popularity in the United States, few studies have examined their implementation or how they are shaped by organizational context. New Orleans provides a strategic case to examine the enactment of a state teacher evaluation policy in a highly decentralized setting with variation in organizational context. Utilizing a multiple case study approach, we analyzed documents and interviews in eight case study schools. We found that schools varied in their responses to teacher evaluation—in ways that were reflective, compliant, and/or distortive—and that the type of response was not associated with governance model, school authorizer, or level of autonomy. Instead, shared instructional leadership and structures for frequent collaboration appeared to facilitate more reflective responses.
Educational Effects of Banning Access to In-State Resident Tuition for Unauthorized Immigrant Students
Authors: Villarraga-Orjuela Alexander , Kerr Brinck
Published: October 2017

This research examines the effects of state laws banning access to in-state resident tuition for unauthorized immigrant students in the United States. These laws were implemented between 2005 and 2012. We evaluate the policy effects on (a) college enrollment, (b) school dropout rates of unauthorized immigrants, and (c) the enrollment of U.S. citizens in higher education. Multivariate triple-differences models are used. We find significant negative effects on the college attendance rates of unauthorized immigrants. Policies have primarily affected recent high school graduates. With regard to dropping out of school, we find no evidence of dynamic effects. Nor do we find evidence of benefits in college attendance for non-Hispanic, Hispanic, or Mexican naturalized citizens.
Crowded Out? The Effect of Nonresident Enrollment on Resident Access to Public Research Universities
Authors: Curs Bradley R. , Jaquette Ozan
Published: October 2017

Public universities have pursued nonresident enrollment growth as a solution to the stagnation of state funding. Representatives of public universities often argue that nonresident tuition revenue is an important resource in efforts to finance access for resident students, whereas state policymakers are concerned that nonresident enrollment reduces opportunities for residents. This study investigated whether nonresident enrollment growth crowded out resident enrollment at public research universities using an instrumental variable identification strategy. For the sample of all public research universities, increased nonresident enrollment did not affect resident enrollment. For prestigious public research universities, nonresident enrollment growth had a negative effect on resident enrollment. The findings suggest that nonresident enrollment growth does not benefit resident access, as suggested by university administrators, nor does it harm resident access, as suggested by state policymakers. However, state policymakers may be concerned that nonresident enrollment crowds out resident access at prestigious public universities.
The Effects of School Turnaround in Tennessee’s Achievement School District and Innovation Zones
Authors: Zimmer Ron , Henry Gary T. , Kho Adam
Published: October 2017

In recent years, the federal government has invested billions of dollars to reform chronically low-performing schools. To fulfill their federal Race to the Top grant agreement, Tennessee implemented three turnaround strategies that adhered to the federal restart and transformation models: (a) placed schools under the auspices of the Achievement School District (ASD), which directly managed them; (b) placed schools under the ASD, which arranged for management by a charter management organization; and (c) placed schools under the management of a district Innovation Zone (iZone) with additional resources and autonomy. We examine the effects of each strategy and find that iZone schools, which were separately managed by three districts, substantially improved student achievement. In schools under the auspices of the ASD, student achievement did not improve or worsen. This suggests that it is possible to improve schools without removing them from the governance of a school district.
From Parents to Peers: Trajectories in Sources of Academic Influence Grades 4 to 8
Authors: Sorensen Lucy C. , Cook Philip J. , Dodge Kenneth A.
Published: October 2017

Prior research and anecdotal evidence from educators suggest that classroom peers play a meaningful role in how students learn. However, the literature has failed to consider the dynamic and context-dependent nature of classroom peer influence. Developmental psychology theories suggest that peer influence will increase and family influence will decrease as children enter adolescence. This study uses rich administrative data from North Carolina in 2006 to 2012, matching students to all peers in each of their courses in third through eighth grades. The analysis identifies trends in the magnitude of classroom peer effects across grade levels, with special attention to controlling for confounding factors such as simultaneous influence, student–classroom sorting, nonlinearity, and school-type effects. Consistent with psychological theories about adolescence, our findings indicate that the effect of average peer quality multiplies by a factor of nearly 3 for reading and 5 for math between fourth grade and seventh grade; contemporaneously, family socioeconomic status effects on academic performance nearly vanish by the end of middle school. We uncover additional evidence that ability grouping, while often harmful in an elementary school setting, becomes increasingly beneficial in later grades—particularly for math subjects.
Machine learning applied to neuroimaging for diagnosis of adult classic Chiari malformation: role of the basion as a key morphometric indicator
Authors: Urbizu Aintzane , Martin Bryn A. , Moncho Dulce , Rovira Alex , Poca Maria A. , Sahuquillo Juan , Macaya Alfons , Español Malena I.
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVE

The current diagnostic criterion for Chiari malformation Type I (CM-I), based on tonsillar herniation (TH), includes a diversity of patients with amygdalar descent that may be caused by a variety of factors. In contrast, patients presenting with an overcrowded posterior cranial fossa, a key characteristic of the disease, may remain misdiagnosed if they have little or no TH. The objective of the present study was to use machine-learning classification methods to identify morphometric measures that help discern patients with classic CM-I to improve diagnosis and treatment and provide insight into the etiology of the disease.

METHODS

Fifteen morphometric measurements of the posterior cranial fossa were performed on midsagittal T1-weighted MR images obtained in 195 adult patients diagnosed with CM. Seven different machine-learning classification methods were applied to images from 117 patients with classic CM-I and 50 controls matched by age and sex to identify the best classifiers discriminating the 2 cohorts with the minimum number of parameters. These classifiers were then tested using independent CM cohorts representing different entities of the disease.

RESULTS

Machine learning identified combinations of 2 and 3 morphometric measurements that were able to discern not only classic CM-I (with more than 5 mm TH) but also other entities such as classic CM-I with moderate TH and CM Type 1.5 (CM-1.5), with high accuracy (> 87%) and independent of the TH criterion. In contrast, lower accuracy was obtained in patients with CM Type 0. The distances from the lower aspect of the corpus callosum, pons, and fastigium to the foramen magnum and the basal and Wackenheim angles were identified as the most relevant morphometric traits to differentiate these patients. The stronger significance (p < 0.01) of the correlations with the clivus length, compared with the supraoccipital length, suggests that these 5 relevant traits would be affected more by the relative position of the basion than the opisthion.

CONCLUSIONS

Tonsillar herniation as a unique criterion is insufficient for radiographic diagnosis of CM-I, which can be improved by considering the basion position. The position of the basion was altered in different entities of CM, including classic CM-I, classic CM-I with moderate TH, and CM-1.5. The authors propose a predictive model based on 3 parameters, all related to the basion location, to discern classic CM-I with 90% accuracy and suggest considering the anterior alterations in the evaluation of surgical procedures and outcomes.
Quantitative assessment of changes in hemodynamics of the internal carotid artery after bypass surgery for moyamoya disease
Authors: Zhu Fengping , Qian Yi , Xu Bin , Gu Yuxiang , Karunanithi Kaavya , Zhu Wei , Chen Liang , Mao Ying , Morgan Michael K.
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVE

Although intracranial vessel remodeling has been observed in moyamoya disease, concerns remain regarding the effect of bypass surgery on hemodynamic changes within the internal carotid artery (ICA). The authors aimed to quantify the surgical effect of bypass surgery on bilateral ICAs in moyamoya disease and to estimate pressure drop (PD) along the length of the ICA to predict surgical outcomes.

METHODS

Records of patients who underwent bypass surgery for treatment of moyamoya disease and in whom flow rates were obtained pre- and postsurgery by quantitative MR angiography were retrospectively reviewed. Quantitative MR angiography and computational fluid dynamics were applied to measure morphological and hemodynamic changes during pre- and postbypass procedures. The results for vessel diameter, volumetric flow, PD, and mean wall shear stress along the length of the ICA were analyzed. Subgroup analysis was performed for the circle of Willis (CoW) configurations.

RESULTS

Twenty-three patients were included. The PD in ICAs on the surgical side (surgical ICAs) decreased by 21.18% (SD ± 30.1%) and increased by 11.75% (SD ± 28.6%) in ICAs on the nonsurgical side (contralateral ICAs) (p = 0.001). When the PD in contralateral ICAs was compared between patients with a complete or incomplete CoW, the authors found that the PDI in the former group decreased by 2.45% and increased by 20.88% in the latter (p = 0.05). Regression tests revealed that a greater postoperative decrease in PD corresponded to shrinking of ICAs (R2 = 0.22, p = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS

PD may be used as a reliable biomechanical indicator for the assessment of surgical treatment outcomes. The vessel remodeling characteristics of contralateral ICA were related to CoW configurations.
Successful surgical repair and recovery in a 2-week-old infant after birth-related cervical fracture dislocation
Authors: Saleh Sara , Swanson Kyle I. , Bragg Taryn
Published: October 2017

Cervical spine injuries are the most common spine injuries in the pediatric population. The authors present the youngest known patient who underwent cervical spine fusion to repair birth trauma–induced cervical fracture dislocation, resulting in spondyloptosis and spinal cord injury. A 2-week-old boy was found to have spondyloptosis and spinal cord injury after concerns arose from reduced movement of the extremities. The patient’s birth was complicated by undiagnosed abdominal dystocia, which led to cervical distraction injury. At 15 days of age, the boy underwent successful C-5 corpectomy, with anterior C4–6 and posterior C2–7 arthrodesis, using an autologous rib graft for a C-5 fracture dislocation. MRI performed 2 weeks postoperatively revealed significant improvement in the alignment of the spinal canal. The patient was discharged from the hospital in a custom Minerva brace and underwent close follow-up in addition to occupational therapy and physical therapy. At the latest follow-up 4.5 years later, the patient was able to walk and ride a tricycle by himself. The authors describe the patient’s surgery and the challenges faced in achieving successful repair and cervical spine stabilization in such a young patient. The authors suggest that significant neurological recovery after spinal cord injury in infants is possible with appropriate, timely, and interdisciplinary management.
The unexpected depths of genome‐skimming data: A case study examining Goodeniaceae floral symmetry genes1
Authors: Berger Brent A. , Han Jiahong , Sessa Emily B. , Gardner Andrew G. , Shepherd Kelly A. , Ricigliano Vincent A. , Jabaily Rachel S. , Howarth Dianella G.
Published: October 2017

Premise of the study:

The use of genome skimming allows systematists to quickly generate large data sets, particularly of sequences in high abundance (e.g., plastomes); however, researchers may be overlooking data in low abundance that could be used for phylogenetic or evo‐devo studies. Here, we present a bioinformatics approach that explores the low‐abundance portion of genome‐skimming next‐generation sequencing libraries in the fan‐flowered Goodeniaceae.

Methods:

Twenty‐four previously constructed Goodeniaceae genome‐skimming Illumina libraries were examined for their utility in mining low‐copy nuclear genes involved in floral symmetry, specifically the CYCLOIDEA (CYC)‐like genes. De novo assemblies were generated using multiple assemblers, and BLAST searches were performed for CYC1, CYC2, and CYC3 genes.

Results:

Overall Trinity, SOAPdenovo‐Trans, and SOAPdenovo implementing lower k‐mer values uncovered the most data, although no assembler consistently outperformed the others. Using SOAPdenovo‐Trans across all 24 data sets, we recovered four CYC‐like gene groups (CYC1, CYC2, CYC3A, and CYC3B) from a majority of the species. Alignments of the fragments included the entire coding sequence as well as upstream and downstream regions.

Discussion:

Genome‐skimming data sets can provide a significant source of low‐copy nuclear gene sequence data that may be used for multiple downstream applications.
Can Substorm Particle Acceleration Be Applied to Solar Flares?
Authors: Birn J. , Battaglia M. , Fletcher L. , Hesse M. , Neukirch T.
Published: October 2017

Using test particle studies in the electromagnetic fields of three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of magnetic reconnection, we study the energization of charged particles in the context of the standard two-ribbon flare picture in analogy to the standard magnetospheric substorm paradigm. In particular, we investigate the effects of the collapsing field (“collapsing magnetic trap”) below a reconnection site, which has been demonstrated to be the major acceleration mechanism that causes energetic particle acceleration and injections observed in Earth’s magnetotail associated with substorms and other impulsive events. We contrast an initially force-free, high-shear field (low beta) with low and moderate shear, finite-pressure (high-beta) arcade structures, where beta represents the ratio between gas (plasma) and magnetic pressure. We demonstrate that the energization affects large numbers of particles, but the acceleration is modest in the presence of a significant shear field. Without incorporating loss mechanisms, the effect on particles at different energies is similar, akin to adiabatic heating, and thus is not a likely mechanism to generate a power-law tail onto a (heated or not heated) Maxwellian velocity distribution.
Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey. XXI. The Weak Lensing Masses of the CFHTLS and NGVS RedGOLD Galaxy Clusters and Calibration of the Optical Richness
Authors: Parroni Carolina , Mei Simona , Erben Thomas , Waerbeke Ludovic Van , Raichoor Anand , Ford Jes , Licitra Rossella , Meneghetti Massimo , Hildebrandt Hendrik , Miller Lance , Côté Patrick , Covone Giovanni , Cuillandre Jean-Charles , Duc Pierre-Alain , Ferrarese Laura , Gwyn Stephen D. J. , Puzia Thomas H.
Published: October 2017

We measured stacked weak lensing cluster masses for a sample of 1323 galaxy clusters detected by the RedGOLD algorithm in the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey W1 and the Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey at

, in the optical richness range

. This is the most comprehensive lensing study of a

complete and

pure optical cluster catalog in this redshift range. We test different mass models, and our final model includes a basic halo model with a Navarro Frenk and White profile, as well as correction terms that take into account cluster miscentering, non-weak shear, the two-halo term, the contribution of the Brightest Cluster Galaxy, and an a posteriori correction for the intrinsic scatter in the mass–richness relation. With this model, we obtain a mass–richness relation of

(statistical uncertainties). This result is consistent with other published lensing mass–richness relations. We give the coefficients of the scaling relations between the lensing mass and X-ray mass proxies, L
X and T
X, and compare them with previous results. When compared to X-ray masses and mass proxies, our results are in agreement with most previous results and simulations, and consistent with the expected deviations from self-similarity.
Distortion of Magnetic Fields in a Starless Core II: 3D Magnetic Field Structure of FeSt 1-457
Authors: Kandori Ryo , Tamura Motohide , Tomisaka Kohji , Nakajima Yasushi , Kusakabe Nobuhiko , Kwon Jungmi , Nagayama Takahiro , Nagata Tetsuya , Tatematsu Ken’ichi
Published: October 2017

Three-dimensional (3D) magnetic field information on molecular clouds and cores is important for revealing their kinematical stability (magnetic support) against gravity, which is fundamental for studying the initial conditions of star formation. In the present study, the 3D magnetic field structure of the dense starless core FeSt 1-457 is determined based on the near-infrared polarimetric observations of the dichroic polarization of background stars and simple 3D modeling. With an obtained angle of line-of-sight magnetic inclination axis

of

and previously determined plane-of-sky magnetic field strength

of 23.8 ± 12.1

, the total magnetic field strength for FeSt 1-457 is derived to be 33.7 ± 18.0

. The critical mass of FeSt 1-457, evaluated using both magnetic and thermal/turbulent support is

, which is identical to the observed core mass,

. We thus conclude that the stability of FeSt 1-457 is in a condition close to the critical state. Without infalling gas motion and no associated young stars, the core is regarded to be in the earliest stage of star formation, i.e., the stage just before the onset of dynamical collapse following the attainment of a supercritical condition. These properties could make FeSt 1-457 one of the best starless cores for future studies of the initial conditions of star formation.
A Method to Measure the Transverse Magnetic Field and Orient the Rotational Axis of Stars
Authors: Leone Francesco , Scalia Cesare , Gangi Manuele , Giarrusso Marina , Munari Matteo , Scuderi Salvatore , Trigilio Corrado , Stift Martin J.
Published: October 2017

Direct measurements of stellar magnetic fields are based on the splitting of spectral lines into polarized Zeeman components. With a few exceptions, Zeeman signatures are hidden in data noise, and a number of methods have been developed to measure the average, over the visible stellar disk, of longitudinal components of the magnetic field. At present, faint stars are only observable via low-resolution spectropolarimetry, which is a method based on the regression of the Stokes V signal against the first derivative of Stokes I. Here, we present an extension of this method to obtain a direct measurement of the transverse component of stellar magnetic fields by the regression of high-resolution Stokes Q and U as a function of the second derivative of Stokes I. We also show that it is possible to determine the orientation in the sky of the rotation axis of a star on the basis of the periodic variability of the transverse component due to its rotation. The method is applied to data, obtained with the Catania Astrophysical Observatory Spectropolarimeter along the rotational period of the well known magnetic star β CrB.
The bee family Halictidae (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) from Central Asia collected by the Kyushu and Shimane Universities Expeditions
Authors: Murao Ryuki , Tadauchi Osamu , Miyanaga Ryoichi
Published: October 2017

Central Asia is one of the important centers of bee diversity in the Palearctic Region. However, there is insufficient information for many taxa in the central Asian bee fauna. The Kyushu and Shimane Universities (Japan) Expeditions to Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Xinjiang Uyghur of China were conducted in the years 2000 to 2004 and 2012 to 2014.

Eighty-eight species of the bee family Halictidae Thomson, 1869 are enumerated including new localities in central Asia. Halictus tibialis Walker, 1871, H. persephone Ebmer, 1976, Lasioglossum denislucum (Strand, 1909), L. griseolum (Morawitz, 1872), L. melanopus (Dalla Torre, 1896), L. nitidiusculum (Kirby, 1802), L. sexnotatulum (Nylander, 1852), L. subequestre (Blüthgen, 1931), L. sublaterale (Blüthgen, 1931), and L. zonulum (Smith, 1848) are recorded from central Asia for the first time. Thirty-two species are newly recorded from Kazakhstan, 19 spp. from Kyrgyzstan, 2 spp. from Uzbekistan, and 11 spp. from Xinjiang Uyghur of China. The genus Lasioglossum dominated the number of species and individuals in the collection. The halictid fauna mostly composed of western to central Asian elements in our surveyed area.
Alors je ne rencontrerai jamais mes ancêtres…
Authors: Sebbah Sophie , Abbal Tahar , Moro Marie Rose
Published: October 2017

Notre recherche porte sur le parcours thérapeutique d’un enfant psychotique métis en hôpital de jour à l’aide de la méthode complémentariste. Nous analyserons comment les histoires de sorcière inventées par l’enfant ont permis de faire émerger à la conscience de la mère des étiologies traditionnelles antillaises : l’enfant ne serait-il pas un “ quimboiseur ” ? Ces théories ont opéré comme une véritable matrice de sens pour cette famille et ont permis aux secrets de famille de se dévoiler. Le processus thérapeutique transculturel leurs permet alors de réinvestir la culture antillaise, de s’inscrire dans la filiation en remontant aux temps de l’esclavage et des ancêtres et de redonner une place à cet enfant singulier.
Une circoncision à l’adolescence
Authors: Ben Mohamed Gherbi Khouloud , Idris Isam , Hollande Flora , Moro Marie Rose
Published: October 2017

Cet article aborde le travail psychothérapeutique portant sur des questions culturelles, rituelles et religieuses. Nous présentons, dans notre vignette clinique, un adolescent qui rejette les codes religieux partagés par l’ensemble de la famille. Ses troubles du comportement ont rendu impossible sa circoncision, un rite qui signe son passage à l’âge adulte, sa place dans sa famille et dans son groupe d’appartenance. La consultation transculturelle a servi d’Instance de médiation culturelle permettant au père de l’adolescent d’assumer sa fonction de chef de famille musulmane et protéger son fils. Le rétablissement du cadre culturel des interactions parents-enfants dans la consultation a abouti à la co-construction avec la famille, d’un sens culturel partageable pour les troubles de l’adolescent et qui, conjugués à la souffrance familiale, faisaient obstacle à sa circoncision.
Du conflit familial manifeste à la quête identitaire latente
Authors: Bayard Anna , Teyssier Julien , Denoux Patrick
Published: October 2017

Nous interrogeons une clinique singulière auprès d’hommes isolés algériens, en rupture avec leur famille afin de comprendre ce que viennent mettre en jeu les conflits familiaux post-migratoires et de donner du sens à la violence qu’ils manifestent. Cette réflexion est illustrée par des cas cliniques mettant à jour les structures signifiantes de la quête identitaire qui sous-tend ces conflits familiaux. L’un des enjeux d’une telle recherche est de déterminer les conditions d’un espace contenant et interculturalisé permettant l’élaboration d’une tiercéité culturelle créatrice en adéquation avec la singularité du sujet.
Le combat de l’échec scolaire par le partenariat école-famille
Authors: Cǎprioarǎ Daniela , Dumitru Mariana , Moraru Monica , Moroianu Miruna
Published: October 2017

La famille représente la première instance de socialisation, où l’on apprend les notions morales, les modèles de conduite, les attitudes et les sentiments. L’étude que nous proposons présente un programme d’intervention éducative pour prévenir et combattre l’échec scolaire et donc le décrochage. Le programme vise à promouvoir et valoriser le partenariat école-famille par une véritable implication des parents dans le soutien de l’éducation.
L’échec scolaire dans une école internationale
Authors: Sălceanu Claudia , Matei Raluca Silvia
Published: October 2017

L’échec scolaire, comme système complexe de manifestations, du type : absentéisme, résultats scolaires faibles, absence d’intérêt pour l’école, difficultés d’adaptation aux exigences du système d’enseignement, représente l’essence de cette recherche. L’étude a été réalisée sur un échantillon de 30 enseignants de deux écoles de Constanţa : l’une internationale, l’autre de l’enseignement d’État. Les réponses aux questions du questionnaire ont permis de réaliser une comparaison entre les deux systèmes d’enseignement. Les auteurs (se) proposent des objectifs comme : que signifie l’échec scolaire, en général et en particulier, pour chaque type de système d’enseignement ; quelles sont les causes de l’échec scolaire et leurs manifestations dans l’institution ; la description de la relation professeur-élève ; l’évaluation et l’auto-évaluation du style didactique ; l’attitude du professeur devant l’évaluation ; les moyens utilisés pour la motivation positive et négative ; les solutions pour prévenir et diminuer l’échec scolaire ; les aspects démographiques et culturels qui influencent l’échec scolaire ; le rôle de la famille dans le processus instructif-éducatif comme facteur influençant le succès/ou l’échec scolaire. À la fin de l’étude, on présente les conclusions et les implications pratiques de la recherche.
Le rôle du médiateur scolaire dans l’intégration scolaire des personnes provenant de milieux défavorisés : des applications sur la population rom
Authors: Marica Mircea Adrian , Giurgiu Laura , Enache Rodica
Published: October 2017

Le phénomène de l’échec et le décrochage scolaire sont des aspects ayant des effets préjudiciables pour l’individu, la famille, la communauté et la société. Dans le département de Constanţa, le décrochage est plus dramatique dans les communautés rom. Notre recherche a été constituée d’une analyse de la situation et de la clarification des dimensions, des caractéristiques et de l’ampleur de ce phénomène. On a collecté les informations à travers une enquête sur le terrain, réalisée sur la base d’un questionnaire et d’une entrevue semi-structurée. En conclusion, on peut dire que les mentalités sur l’éducation de la population rom semblent avoir changé. Selon nous, l’institution du médiateur scolaire joue un rôle très important pour l’intégration des Roms.
Quelques repères pour la médiation scolaire
Authors: Arbach Sami
Published: October 2017

Cet article se donne pour objectif de présenter une synthèse conceptuelle de la médiation, qui comprend une définition opérationnelle, les champs d’application et les différentes modalités de déclenchement du processus. Suit un exposé de quelques repères méthodologiques, qui accorde une attention particulière aux spécificités et aux atouts de la médiation scolaire. L’ensemble est illustré par une étude de cas intitulée « Zénobie & sa fratrie à l’école » (il s’agit d’un pseudonyme pour préserver la confidentialité et l’anonymat). Cette étude permet de rendre tangible la pertinence de certains concepts théoriques et balises méthodologiques. L’article se termine par un exposé métaphorique : « La Bienveillante », suivi d’une toile d’araignée incarnant la logique de réseau solidaire, et par un exposé schématique de quelques « Balises pour auxiliaires polyvalents et travailleurs sociaux ».
De l’expérience clinique à l’écriture du travail social
Authors: Fournier Sébastien
Published: October 2017

La question de l’écriture chez les professionnels de l’action sociale est régulièrement mise en avant. C’est un sujet à la fois sensible et complexe qui est susceptible d’alimenter certaines représentations. Mais quand est-il dans la réalité ? Les praticiens du secteur parviennent-ils à s’inscrire dans une démarche scripturale ? Cet article propose de réfléchir aux enjeux liés à l’écriture dans le contexte singulier de la clinique.
Wheelchair services and use outcomes: A cross-sectional survey in Kenya and the Philippines
Authors: Bazant Eva S. , Himelfarb Hurwitz Elizabeth J. , Onguti Brenda N. , Williams Emma K. , Noon Jamie H. , Xavier Cheryl A. , Garcia Ferdiliza D.S. , Gichangi Anthony , Gabbow Mohammed , Musakhi Peter , Kirby R. Lee
Published: October 2017

Background: The World Health Organisation recommends that services accompany wheelchair distribution. This study examined the relationship of wheelchair service provision in Kenya and the Philippines and wheelchair-use–related outcomes.Method: We surveyed 852 adult basic manual wheelchair users. Participants who had received services and those who had not were sought in equal numbers from wheelchair-distribution entities. Outcomes assessed were daily wheelchair use, falls, unassisted outdoor use and performance of activities of daily living (ADL). Descriptive, bivariate and multivariable regression model results are presented.Results: Conditions that led to the need for a basic wheelchair were mainly spinal cord injury, polio/post-polio, and congenital conditions. Most Kenyans reported high daily wheelchair use (60%) and ADL performance (80%), while these practices were less frequent in the Philippine sample (42% and 74%, respectively). Having the wheelchair fit assessed while the user propelled the wheelchair was associated with greater odds of high ADL performance in Kenya (odds ratio [OR] 2.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6, 5.1) and the Philippines (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.8, 4.5). Wheelchair-related training was associated with high ADL performance in Kenya (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.3, 8.4). In the Philippines, training was associated with greater odds of high versus no daily wheelchair use but also odds of serious versus no falls (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.4, 4.5).Conclusion: Select services that were associated with some better wheelchair use outcomes and should be emphasised in service delivery. Service providers should be aware that increased mobility may lead to serious falls.
UAV photogrammetry for archaeological site survey. 3D models at the Hierapolis in Phrygia (Turkey)
Authors: Chiabrando Filiberto , D'Andria Francesco , Sammartano Giulia , Spanò Antonia
Published: October 2017

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry has shown a very rapid development in many fields, especially in archaeological excavation areas and architectural complexes, where it offers a detailed generation of three-dimensional (3D) data including the possibility of updating over time. It also proves to be a very flexible tool applicable to many types of complex areas with a variety of different features. The use of aerial acquisition provides highly effective results, adding to both rapid capture and lower costs. In fact, today in the field of archaeological research, great efforts are invested in the generation of very large-scale models and orthophotos, and the technology seems to promise further future developments, not only from the terrestrial (orthogonal) point of view, but also from the nadiral direction from a low altitude, as a preferential and often optimal point of view. Here an effective workflow for photogrammetric product generation is presented for selected case studies in some monumental areas of ancient Hierapolis in Phrygia (Turkey), in which the Italian Archaeological Mission of Hierapolis (MAIER) has been working since the 1960s. The recent experiences achieved by UAV photogrammetry are quite innovative. The variety and complexity of the buildings, as well as the height of their ruins, offer numerous challenges, which are interesting to deal with. The 3D aerial survey was performed for multiple purposes with the eBee system by Sensefly. Specific attention was paid to the digital surface model (DSM) and aerial orthoimages of three test areas: the Plutonium area; the Thermal Bath-Church; and the Necropolis. Starting from the same technical approach, a comparative assesment among the three sites was carried out, taking into account the specific goals, the type of the structure and the terrain conformation.
Gas phase composition and secondary organic aerosol formation from gasoline direct injection vehicles investigated in batch and flow reactors: effects of prototype gasoline particle filters
Authors: Pieber Simone M. , Kumar Nivedita K. , Klein Felix , Comte Pierre , Bhattu Deepika , Dommen Josef , Bruns Emily A. , Kilic Dogushan , El Haddad Imad , Keller Alejandro , Czerwinski Jan , Heeb Norbert , Baltensperger Urs , Slowik Jay G. , Prévôt André S.H.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles have recently been identified as a significant source of carbonaceous aerosol, of both primary and secondary origin. Here we investigated primary emissions and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from GDI vehicle exhaust for multiple vehicles and driving test cycles, and novel GDI after-treatment systems. Emissions were characterized by proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (gaseous non-methane organic compounds, NMOCs), aerosol mass spectrometry (sub-micron non-refractory particles), and light attenuation measurements (equivalent black carbon (eBC) determination using Aethalometer measurements) together with supporting instrumentation. We evaluated the effect of retrofitted prototype gasoline particle filters (GPFs) on primary eBC, organic aerosol (OA), NMOCs, as well as SOA formation. Two regulatory driving test cycles were investigated, and the importance of distinct phases within these cycles (e.g. cold engine start, hot engine start, high speed driving) to primary emissions and secondary products was evaluated. Atmospheric processing was simulated using both the PSI mobile smog chamber (SC) and the potential aerosol mass oxidation flow reactor (OFR). GPF retrofitting was found to greatly decrease primary particulate matter (PM) through removal of eBC, but showed limited partial removal of the minor POA fraction, and had no detectable effect on either NMOC emissions (absolute emission factors or relative composition) or SOA production. In all tests, overall primary and secondary PM and NMOC emissions were dominated by the engine cold start, i.e. before thermal activation of the catalytic after-treatment system. Differences were found in the bulk compositional properties of SOA produced by the OFR and the SC (O : C and H : C ratios), while the SOA yields agree within our uncertainties, with a tendency for lower SOA yields in SC experiments. A few aromatic compounds are found to dominate the NMOC emissions (primarily benzene, toluene, xylene isomers and C3-benzenes). A large fraction (> 0.5) of the SOA production was explained by those compounds, based on investigation of reacted NMOC mass and comparison with SOA yield curves of toluene, o-xylene and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene determined in our OFR within this study. Remaining differences in the obtained SOA yields may result from diverse reasons including aging conditions, unaccounted-for precursors and differences in SOA yields of aromatic hydrocarbons with different degrees of substitution, as well as experimental uncertainties in the assessment of particle and vapor wall losses.
Population Growth–Land Use/Land Cover Transformations–Water Quality Nexus in Upper Ganga River Basin
Authors: Shukla Anoop Kumar , Ojha Chandra Shekhar Prasad , Mijic Ana , Buytaert Wouter , Pathak Shray , Garg Rahul Dev , Shukla Satyavati
Published: October 2017

Abstract. For sustainable development in a river basin it is crucial to understand population growth–Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) transformations–water quality nexus. This study investigates effects of demographic changes and LULC transformations on surface water quality of Upper Ganga River basin. River gets polluted in both rural and urban area. In rural area, pollution is because of agricultural practices mainly fertilizers, whereas in urban area it is mainly because of domestic and industrial wastes. First, population data was analyzed statistically to study demographic changes in the river basin. LULC change detection was done over the period of February/March 2001 to 2012 [Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) data] using remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques. Further, water quality parameters viz. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Dissolve Oxygen (DO) %, Flouride (F), Hardness CaCO3, pH, Total Coliform bacteria and Turbidity were studied in basin for pre-monsoon (May), monsoon (July) and Post-monsoon (November) seasons. Non-parametric Mann–Kendall rank test was done on monthly water quality data to study existing trends. Further, Overall Index of Pollution (OIP) developed specifically for Upper Ganga River basin was used for spatio-temporal water quality assessment. From the results, it was observed that population has increased in the river basin. Therefore, significant and characteristic LULC changes are observed in the study area. Water quality degradation has occurred in the river basin consequently the health status of the rivers have also changed from range of acceptable to slightly polluted in urban areas.
The CAMELS data set: catchment attributes and meteorology for large-sample studies
Authors: Addor Nans , Newman Andrew J. , Mizukami Naoki , Clark Martyn P.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. We present a new data set of attributes for 671 catchments in the contiguous United States (CONUS) minimally impacted by human activities. This complements the daily time series of meteorological forcing and streamflow provided by Newman et al. (2015b). To produce this extension, we synthesized diverse and complementary data sets to describe six main classes of attributes at the catchment scale: topography, climate, streamflow, land cover, soil, and geology. The spatial variations among basins over the CONUS are discussed and compared using a series of maps. The large number of catchments, combined with the diversity of the attributes we extracted, makes this new data set well suited for large-sample studies and comparative hydrology. In comparison to the similar Model Parameter Estimation Experiment (MOPEX) data set, this data set relies on more recent data, it covers a wider range of attributes, and its catchments are more evenly distributed across the CONUS. This study also involves assessments of the limitations of the source data sets used to compute catchment attributes, as well as detailed descriptions of how the attributes were computed. The hydrometeorological time series provided by Newman et al. (2015b, https://doi.org/10.5065/D6MW2F4D) together with the catchment attributes introduced in this paper (https://doi.org/10.5065/D6G73C3Q) constitute the freely available CAMELS data set, which stands for Catchment Attributes and MEteorology for Large-sample Studies.
Leveraging LSTM for rapid intensifications prediction of tropical cyclones
Authors: Li Y. , Yang R. , Yang C. , Yu M. , Hu F. , Jiang Y.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Tropical cyclones (TCs) usually cause severe damages and destructions. TC intensity forecasting helps people prepare for the extreme weather and could save lives and properties. Rapid Intensifications (RI) of TCs are the major error sources of TC intensity forecasting. A large number of factors, such as sea surface temperature and wind shear, affect the RI processes of TCs. Quite a lot of work have been done to identify the combination of conditions most favorable to RI. In this study, deep learning method is utilized to combine conditions for RI prediction of TCs. Experiments show that the long short-term memory (LSTM) network provides the ability to leverage past conditions to predict TC rapid intensifications.
ANALYZING US MAINLAND PRECIPITATION PATTERN CHANGE BASED ON A KINETICS-BASED GIS METHOD
Authors: Cui K.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Precipitation is a key type of dynamic geographic phenomena. With time changing, precipitation areas can move, merge, split or disappear. Based on existing research methods, this paper applies a kinetics-based GIS method to analyze precipitation patterns in US mainland area. Annual precipitation data of 1950 and 2010 in small spatial resolution are selected for analysis. Three major dynamic changing types are considered for analysis: divergence, rotation and deformation. Objects to analyze transitions are designed, and displacement of precipitation area is calculated. After applying kinetics-based algorithm in precipitation data, conclusions can be made that there are some significant pattern changes in some key areas of US, such as east coast, west coast and Mississippi river area. Dynamic precipitation pattern changes of divergence/convergence, rotation and deformation in different areas of US mainland are analyzed and compared.
GLOBAL DIFFUSION PATTERN AND HOT SPOT ANALYSIS OF VACCINE-PREVENTABLE
DISEASES
Authors: Jiang Y. , Fan F. , Holly Zanoni I. , Li Y.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Spatial characteristics reveal the concentration of vaccine-preventable disease in Africa and the Near East and that disease dispersion is variable depending on disease. The exception is whooping cough, which has a highly variable center of concentration from year to year. Measles exhibited the only statistically significant spatial autocorrelation among all the diseases under investigation. Hottest spots of measles are in Africa and coldest spots are in United States, warm spots are in Near East and cool spots are in Western Europe. Finally, cases of measles could not be explained by the independent variables, including Gini index, health expenditure, or rate of immunization. Since the literature confirms that each of the selected variables is considered determinants of disease dissemination, it is anticipated that the global dataset of disease cases was influenced by reporting bias.
THE IMPACT OF SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL RESOLUTIONS IN TROPICAL SUMMER
RAINFALL DISTRIBUTION: PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Authors: Liu Q. , Chiu L. S , Hao X.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The abundance or lack of rainfall affects peoples’ life and activities. As a major component of the global hydrological cycle (Chokngamwong & Chiu, 2007), accurate representations at various spatial and temporal scales are crucial for a lot of decision making processes. Climate models show a warmer and wetter climate due to increases of Greenhouse Gases (GHG). However, the models’ resolutions are often too coarse to be directly applicable to local scales that are useful for mitigation purposes. Hence disaggregation (downscaling) procedures are needed to transfer the coarse scale products to higher spatial and temporal resolutions. The aim of this paper is to examine the changes in the statistical parameters of rainfall at various spatial and temporal resolutions. The TRMM Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) at 0.25 degree, 3 hourly grid rainfall data for a summer is aggregated to 0.5,1.0, 2.0 and 2.5 degree and at 6, 12, 24 hourly, pentad (five days) and monthly resolutions. The probability distributions (PDF) and cumulative distribution functions(CDF) of rain amount at these resolutions are computed and modeled as a mixed distribution. Parameters of the PDFs are compared using the Kolmogrov-Smironov (KS) test, both for the mixed and the marginal distribution. These distributions are shown to be distinct. The marginal distributions are fitted with Lognormal and Gamma distributions and it is found that the Gamma distributions fit much better than the Lognormal.
USING MULTI-TEMPORAL REMOTE SENSING DATA TO ANALYZE THE SPATIO-TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF DRY SEASON RICE PRODUCTION IN BANGLADESH
Authors: Shew A. M. , Ghosh A.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Remote sensing in the optical domain is widely used in agricultural monitoring; however, such initiatives pose a challenge for developing countries due to a lack of high quality in situ information. Our proposed methodology could help developing countries bridge this gap by demonstrating the potential to quantify patterns of dry season rice production in Bangladesh. To analyze approximately 90,000 km2 of cultivated land in Bangladesh at 30 m spatial resolution, we used two decades of remote sensing data from the Landsat archive and Google Earth Engine (GEE), a cloud-based geospatial data analysis platform built on Google infrastructure and capable of processing petabyte-scale remote sensing data. We reconstructed the seasonal patterns of vegetation indices (VIs) for each pixel using a harmonic time series (HTS) model, which minimizes the effects of missing observations and noise. Next, we combined the seasonality information of VIs with our knowledge of rice cultivation systems in Bangladesh to delineate rice areas in the dry season, which are predominantly hybrid and High Yielding Varieties (HYV). Based on historical Landsat imagery, the harmonic time series of vegetation indices (HTS-VIs) model estimated 4.605 million ha, 3.519 million ha, and 4.021 million ha of rice production for Bangladesh in 2005, 2010, and 2015 respectively. Fine spatial scale information on HYV rice over the last 20 years will greatly improve our understanding of double-cropped rice systems, current status of production, and potential for HYV rice adoption in Bangladesh during the dry season.
Network-based study of Lagrangian transport and mixing
Authors: Padberg-Gehle Kathrin , Schneide Christiane
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Transport and mixing processes in fluid flows are crucially influenced by coherent structures and the characterization of these Lagrangian objects is a topic of intense current research. While established mathematical approaches such as variational methods or transfer-operator-based schemes require full knowledge of the flow field or at least high-resolution trajectory data, this information may not be available in applications. Recently, different computational methods have been proposed to identify coherent behavior in flows directly from Lagrangian trajectory data, that is, numerical or measured time series of particle positions in a fluid flow. In this context, spatio-temporal clustering algorithms have been proven to be very effective for the extraction of coherent sets from sparse and possibly incomplete trajectory data. Inspired by these recent approaches, we consider an unweighted, undirected network, where Lagrangian particle trajectories serve as network nodes. A link is established between two nodes if the respective trajectories come close to each other at least once in the course of time. Classical graph concepts are then employed to analyze the resulting network. In particular, local network measures such as the node degree, the average degree of neighboring nodes, and the clustering coefficient serve as indicators of highly mixing regions, whereas spectral graph partitioning schemes allow us to extract coherent sets. The proposed methodology is very fast to run and we demonstrate its applicability in two geophysical flows – the Bickley jet as well as the Antarctic stratospheric polar vortex.