bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENINGKATAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA DENGAN KOMBINASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF JIGSAW DAN NUMBERED HEAD TOGETHER (NHT) PADA MATERI SISTEM EKSKRESI MANUSIA KELAS XI IPA 2 SMA NEGERI 5 MEDAN
Authors: Ratih Dewi , Sinaga Erlintan
Published: November 2020

This study aims to improve the activity and results of Student Learning with the Combination Model Cooperative Jigsaw and Numbered Head Together (NHT) on Human Excretion system Material Class XI IPA 2 SMA Negeri 5 Terrain Learning Year 2015/2016. This type of research is action research (PTK) done in two cycles of study. The subjects were students of class XI IPA 2 totaling 40 people. At each cycle is held test learning outcomes in the form of multiple choice questions numbered 30. The results of this study showed that the average value of the pre-test students at the beginning of the learning process is 35.71, with classical learning completeness 0% (no value students who achieve KKM 70). The results of post-test student learning, indicating an increase, of student learning outcomes in the first cycle to the second cycle. The average post-test learning outcomes of students in the first cycle was 64.19, there are 22 students who completed reached KKM and value of classical completeness 55% (not yet complete because it has not reached the classical completeness criteria of ≥ 85%). The average results of students in the second cycle is 74.20, there are 34 students who completed reached KKM and value of classical completeness 85% (complete, since it has already reached the criteria of classical completeness of ≥ 85%). An increase in biology student learning outcomes by 30%. As a percentage of the activity of students in the first cycle and the second cycle, indicating an increase. In the first cycle of students' level of activity of 60% increased to 87.5% in the second cycle. An increase in biology student learning outcomes by 27.5%. Thus we concluded that the combination of Cooperative Model Jigsaw and Numbered Head Together (NHT) can improve biological activity and learning outcomes of students in class XI IPA 2 SMA Negeri 2 Medan in the academic year 2015/2016.Keywords: Learning Outcomes, Student Activities, Model Jigsaw, Numbered Head Together (NHT), cycle, Human Excretion system.
ANALISIS KESULITAN BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI POKOK SISTEM INDRA MANUSIA (PENGLIHATAN, PENDENGARAN DAN PENGECAP) DI KELAS XI IPA MAN 1 STABAT
Authors: Adriani Silvia , Lazuardi Lazuardi
Published: November 2020

This study aims to determine the students' learning difficulties from the experimental observations of human sensory, cognitive and learning indicators and factors that cause the learning difficulties in class XI of Science at MAN 1 Stabat at the year of learning 2015/2016. The study used descriptive quantitative design. Samples were taken by total sampling with 71 students. The technique of data collection used observation tests, diagnostic tests and questionnaires. The results show that the percentage of the students' learning difficulties from the highest to the lowest on cognitive aspects, they are C5, C6, C3, C4, C2 and C1 for amount 70.43%, 53.06%, 51.17%, 47.09%, 44, 72% and 34.51%. The Percentage of students' learning difficulties based on the indicators in the material of human sensory system are indicator (1) amount 65.26% categorized as very high, the indicator (2) amount 45.54% categorized as high, the indicator (3) amount 43.98% categorized as high and the indicator (4) of 53.93% categorized as very high. Internal and external factors that cause the learning difficulties of learning difficulties highest to lowest percentage are the subject matter (61.40%), the school environment (61.26%), instructional media (54.66%), intelligence (45.07%), motivation (43.48%), parents (42.69%), the environment (41.81%), psikiatik (41.19%), teachers (41.10%), interest (39.17%) and health (38.99%).Keywords: Cognitive Aspects, Human Sensory Systems, Learning Difficulties, , Learning Indicators
PERANCANGAN LEMBAR KEGIATAN PESERTA DIDIK (LKPD) BERBASIS PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI TERBIMBING (GUIDED INQUIRY LEARNING) PADA MATERI SISTEM EKSKRESI
Authors: Leli Nur , Sipayung Mariaty
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kelayakan Lembar Kegiatan Peserta Didik (LKPD) berbasis pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing (guided inquiry learning) pada materi sistem ekskresi berdasarkan penilaian dari ahli materi, ahli pembelajaran, guru dan siswa serta mengetahui kemampuan berfikir kritis dan ketuntasan klasikal belajar siswa di kelas XI MAN 1 Medan T.P 2017/2018. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D) dengan menggunakan model 4-D. Subjek dalam penelitian ini yaitu 1 dosen ahli materi, 1 dosen ahli pembelajaran, 3 guru Biologi, 20 siswa (uji kelompok kecil) serta 37 siswa (penyebaran lapangan terbatas). Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah materi sistem ekskresi. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu lembar validasi dan angket. Hasil penilaian oleh ahli materi menunjukkan persentase nilai 91,8% (sangat layak), persentase ahli pembelajaran sebesar 93,75% (sangat layak), persentase respon guru Biologi sebesar 87,56% (sangat layak) dan persentase tangapan peserta didik pada uji kelompok kecil sebesar 76,47% (baik). Hasil persentase rata-rata kemampuan berfikir kritis siswa pada uji lapangan terbatas yaitu 67,33% (cukup baik) dan ketuntasan belajar siswa secara klasikal tercapai dengan persentase 86,11%.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR LITERASI SAINS SISWA MATA PELAJARAN IPA PADA MATERI ENERGI DALAM SISTEM KEHIDUPAN DENGAN METODE EKSPERIMEN DI KELAS VII-C SMP NEGERI 1 STABAT KAB. LANGKAT T.P. 2018/2019
Authors: Sari Linda
Published: November 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah, mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar literasi sains siswa mata pelajaran IPA pada materi energi dalam sistem kehidupan  dengan metode eksperimen di kelas VII-C SMP Negeri 1 Stabat Kab. Langkat  T.P. 2018/2019. Penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) berupa kegiatan refleksi awal dan melakukan observasi untuk mengidentifikasi permasalahan yang terjadi di kelas, perencanaan pembelajaran, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Adapun temuan penelitian PTK ini adalah:  1) Pada Siklus I penerapan metode pembelajaran eksperimen memperoleh hasil belajar literasi sains siswa dari dari 31 orang siswa diperoleh 24 orang yang tuntas dengan 77,4% dan 7 orang yang tidak tuntas dengan 22,6% dengan rerata kelas 76,6. Dan hasil pengamatan aktivitas siswa dalam mengikuti praktikum dengan penerapan metode pembelajaran eksperimen yaitu: 1) aspek kepedulian lingkungan masuk kategori kurang dimana siswa masih belum memperhatikan kebersihan ruangan praktikum setelah praktikum selesai; 2) untuk aspek disiplin, kerjasama dan ketelitian masuk kategori cukup, pada tiga aspek ini memang perlu peningkatan lagi agar praktikum bisa berjalan dengan maksimal; 3) aspek mengikuti prosedur kerja masuk kategori baik; 2) Pada Siklus II diperoleh hasil belajar literasi sains siswa dari 31 orang siswa diperoleh 28 orang yang tuntas dengan 90,3% dan 3 orang yang tidak tuntas dengan 9,7% dengan rerata kelas 81,1. Dan hasil observasi aktivitas siswa dalam praktikum dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran ekperimen diperoleh hasilnya: 1) untuk aspek disiplin, kerjasama, mengikuti prosedur kerja, ketelitian sudah memenuhi ekspektasi dalam mengikuti praktikum dimana sudah memenuhi kategori baik; 2) untuk aspek kepedulian lingkungan  masuk kategori cukup. Sehingga dapat ditarik kesimpulan penerapan metode eskperimen dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar literasi sains siswa pada mata pelajaran IPA pada materi energi dalam sistem kehidupan di kelas VII-C SMP Negeri 1 Stabat Kab. Langkat  T.P. 2018/2019.
KETERLAKSANAAN TAHAPAN INKUIRI TERBIMBINGPADA PENGEMBANGAN PENUNTUN PRAKTIKUM FISIOLOGI HEWAN
Authors: Widiana Rina , Susanti Diana , Susanti Silvi , Sumarmin Ramadhan
Published: November 2020

Pengembangan penuntun praktikum melalui pendekatan Inkuiri Terbimbing merupakan upaya yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kreatifitas, menemukan sendiri pengetahuan mahasiswa melalui kegiatan praktikum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keterlaksaaan kegiatan penggunaan penuntun praktikum dengan menggunakan pendekatan inkuiri terbimbing pada tahap diseminate di Universitas Negeri Padang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan pada tahap disseminate dengan menggunakan model 4D. Data diolah dengan rumus persentase. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan keterlaksanaan pendekatan inkuiri terbimbing selama praktikum memperoleh nilai 93,34% yang berada pada kategori sangat terlaksana. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan praktikum dengan menggunakan pendekatan inkuiri terbimbing sangat terlaksana.
ANALISIS KESULITAN BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI SISTEM EKSKRESI MANUSIA
Authors: Simorangkir Anggita , Napitupulu Martina Asiati
Published: November 2020

This research aims to know the student’s learning difficulty on the material of Human Excretion System from cognitive aspects and indicator aspects and factors causing students learning difficulties on the Human Excretion System on class XI IPA SMA Swasta Teladan Medan Academic Year 2017/2018. The population of this research is all students of class XI IPA which amounts to 118 students. The sample was taken by purposive sampling which amounts to 45 students. The instruments used to obtain data were tested student learning outcomes in the material of the Human Excretion System and learning difficulties questionnaire. The results of the research showed that students were categorized as incomplete. The percentage of student learning difficulties in cognitive aspect for C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, and C6 is 40,11% (medium), 37,82% (low), 41,69% (medium), 53,39% (medium), 49,15% (medium), dan 60,45% (high). The percentage of student learning difficulties based on the learning indicators is mentioned the meaning of the excretion system and its organs in the amount of 37,29% (low), identify the structure and function of the kidney in the amount of 35,59% (low), describe the structure of the nephron and explain the process of human urine formation in the amount of 42,91% (medium), identify the structure and function of the liver in the amount of 42,94% (medium), identify the structure and function of the lung in the amount of 47,46% (medium), identify the structure and function of the skin in the amount of 48,31% (medium), and determine abnormalities or diseases in human excretory organs in the amount of 55,37% (medium). Difficulties in the indicators of structure and function of the kidney and the process of formation of urine are categorized as inhibitory. Indicators of the understanding of the excretion system and its organs, the structure and function of the lung, the structure and function of the liver, abnormalities in the human excretory system, and the learning system in the material of the human excretory system are quite inhibiting categories. While indicators of the structure and function of the skin are categorized as not inhibiting.
ANALISIS KESULITAN BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI HEWAN INVERTEBRATA DI KELAS X
Authors: Tamba Yusnita Renata , Napitupulu Martina Asiati , Sidabukke Merry
Published: November 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kesulitan belajar siswa pada materi invertebrata yang ditinjau dari aspek kognitif, indikator pembelajaran dan faktor penyebab kesulitan belajar siswa. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas X IPA SMA Negeri 11 Medan. Sampel penelitian diambil secara Purpossive Sampling sebanyak 90 siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini tes pilihan berganda dan angket. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : (1) persentase tingkat kesulitan belajar siswa pada setiap aspek  kognitif soal  pengetahuan (C1) sebesar 47,22% (sedang); pemahaman (C2) sebesar 43,89% (sedang); aplikasi (C3) sebesar 60,67% (tinggi); analisis (C4) sebesar 65,00% ( tinggi); evaluasi (C5) sebesar 54,44%  (sedang); dan kreasi (C6) sebesar 61,67% (tinggi). (2) Persentase kesulitan belajar setiap indikator soal pada materi sistem saraf manusia meliputi : indikator ciri-ciri umum Invertebrata  52,47%  sedang, indikator dasar klasifikasi Invertebrata sebesar 64,07%  (tinggi); indikator contoh spesies Invertebrata sebesar 53,70%  (sedang); indikator siklus hidup Inverebrata sebesar 55,14%  (sedang); indikator sistem metabolisme Invertebrata sebesar 35,56% (rendah), indikator peranan Invertebrata sebesar 51,11% (sedang). (3) Persentase pengaruh faktor internal penyebab kesulitan belajar siswa meliputi : faktor kesehatan 78,70% (cukup menghambat) ; faktor intelegensi 55,97% (menghambat) ; faktor minat 58,54% (menghambat) ; faktor motivasi 68,06%  (cukup menghambat) ; faktor psikiatik 51,57 % (menghambat). Persentase pengaruh faktor eksternal penyebab kesulitan belajar meliputi : faktor keluarga sebesar 63,47% (cukup menghambat) ; faktor sekolah sebesar 68,17% (cukup menghambat) ; faktor guru sebesar 81,53% (tidak menghambat); faktor materi sebesar 48,94% (menghambat); faktor media sebesar 62,92% (cukup menghambat).
ANALYSIS OF DAILY TEST QUESTIONS ON THE VIRUS MATERIAL CLASS X SMAN 5 SOLOK SELATAN
Authors: Sari Liza Yulia
Published: November 2020

Based on the results of interviews with two biology teachers at SMAN 5 Solok Selatan on Virus material from daily tests of class X students in semester 1 of the 2017/2018 academic year are still below the Minimum Mastery Criteria (KKM) set by schools is 75. The low learning outcomes of students are wrong one is caused by the evaluation tools used which may be too difficult. This study aims to provide information about the validity, reliability, difficulty index, distinguishing features of the test questions on the material of class X Virus SMAN 5 Solok Selatan in the academic year 2018/2019. This type of research is descriptive research. Based on the results of the analysis of the validity of the questions on daily test questions on the material of class X virus SMAN Negeri 5 South Solok, the average validity of questions is 0.96 including high validity criteria, reliability analysis results of daily test questions that are 1.00 which includes very high reliability criteria, index analysis the difficulty of 46 questions is that 38 questions (82.60%) are sufficient, and 8 questions (17.39%) are too easy, so the daily test questions are of moderate criteria. Distinguishing power analysis obtained enough criteria as many as 33 questions (71.73%), good criteria 7 questions (15.21%), bad criteria 5 questions (10.86%), very bad criteria of 1 question (2.17%) . The conclusion of this study is a matter of daily tests on the material of Class X Virus SMAN 5 Solok Selatan in the 2018/2019 academic year in terms of validity, reliability, difficulty index and distinguishing features have met the criteria of good questions.
PROFIL KEMAMPUAN ARGUMENTASI SISWA SMP PADA MATERI SISTEM PERNAPASAN
Authors: Noer Hami Aziziyyah , Setiono Setiono , Pauzi Rizqi Yanuar
Published: November 2020

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan argumentasi siswa SMP pada materi sistem pernapasan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMPN 13 Kota Sukabumi tahun ajaran 2019/2020 dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 34 siswa. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan berupa soal tes kemampuan argumentasi. Soal tersebut berjumlah 12 soal dalam bentuk uraian. Kualitas argumen tertulis siswa dilihat berdasarkan kriteria level serta indikator argumentasi yang diadaptasi dari Toulmin Argumentation Pattern (TAP). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa persentase berdasarkan kriteria level argumentasi, sebagian besar siswa berada level 2 (30%) dan level 3 (24%). Berdasarkan indikator argumentasi persentase yang paling sedikit adalah indikator sanggahan (rebuttal) hanya 11%. Siswa pada level 2-3 belum mampu atau tidak dapat menggunakan indikator sanggahan (rebuttal) dengan benar, namun dapat menyertakan data (data), jaminan (warrant), atau dukungan (backing) terhadap klaim (claim) yang dianggap benar oleh siswa, sehingga kualitas argumen siswa masih lemah dan perlu dikembangkan. Kemampuan argumentasi dapat dikembangkan melalui pembelajaran dengan pengalaman belajar inkuiri.Kata Kunci: Kemampuan Argumentasi, Sistem Pernapasan, Toulmin Argumentation Pattern (TAP)
KECENDERUNGAN LITERASI INFORMASI MAHASISWA BARU PADA MATA KULIAH MORFOLOGI TUMBUHAN
Authors: Gani Abdul Rasyid Fakhrun , Arwita Widya
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kecenderungan literasi informasi mahasiswa dalam mencari dan mengambil informasi, sumber informasi, dan menggunakan informasi. Populasi pada penelitian adalah mahasiswa Jurusan Biologi angkatan 2019 yang mengambil mata kuliah morfologi tumbuhan pada tahun akademik 2019/2020 dengan jumlah 100 orang mahasiswa dan sampel diambil dengan teknik total sampling. Penelitian ini termasuk kedalam penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa angket. Data diolah secara deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil pada penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa menggunakan berbagai kegiatan pencarian informasi, sumber informasi dan menggunakan informasi yang beragam sebagai responnya dalam melaksanakan perkuliahan morfologi tumbuhan. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil adalah  Mahasiswa cenderung dapat melakukan pencarian informasi secara efektif dan efisien. Mahasiswa cenderung menggunakan buku cetak dan e-jurnal sebagai sumber informasinya. Mahasiswa juga cenderung mengikuti undang-undang hak cipta, membandingkan informasi dari berbagai sumber dan melakukan verifikasi keaslian data dalam menggunakan informasinya.
PERBANDINGAN PENERAPAN KEBIJAKAN PENDIDIKAN INDONESIA DENGAN FINLANDIA
Authors: Faradiba Faradiba , Lumbantobing Septina Severina
Published: November 2020

In the process, educational programs that have been previously planned do not always run as planned, so that there is often a policy to solve the latest problems in order to achieve the goal of achieving equal and quality education in accordance with what is mandated in the law. Indonesia as a developing country is deemed necessary to adopt an education system that has been successfully implemented in other countries. Currently, one of the countries that can be used as a reference in the education sector is Finland. This research uses meta-analysis design. The results of this study there are several aspects that can be implemented from existing educational policies in the country of Finland to Indonesia. With an increase in the quality of education in the country of Indonesia is expected to be able to give birth to future generations who can compete internationally.Keywords: Education Policy, Finland, Quality of Education
ANALISIS PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE MAKE A MATCH TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN IPS SD
Authors: Maulida Ika Sholihatul , Rahayu Dewi Widiana , Hidayat Muhammad Thamrin , Kasiyun Suharmono
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this research was to analyze the effect of before and after the applied of make a match in improving the learning outcomes of social science in elementary school. The study used a meta analysis method. This research begins by formulating the topic to be examined, make a statement of the problem, and at the final stage is to search relevant articles to data collections. The data is obtained by searching online journals through google scholar with search keywords “make a match”,”learning outcomes”, and “learning social science in elementary school”. From the research results obtained as many as 35 articles but only 10 articles are relevant for use. The data obtained is processed again using quantitative method. Based on the analysis of student learning outcomes in elementary social studies learning can be increased by an average value before the model is applied to make a match of 45 can increase by 10 to 55. Keywords: Make a Match, Learning Outcomes, Learning Social Science In Elementary School.
ANALISIS KESESUAIAN MATERI IPA BUKU SISWA KELAS IV SD TERHADAP STANDAR ISI KURIKULUM 2013
Authors: Dewi Mera Putri , Taufina Taufina
Published: November 2020

Science learning is one of the contents of learning in the 2013 curriculum. Learning material in science content has been contained in integrated thematic books. Although the books published by the government have been prepared as well as possible but according to the changing times, the books will continue to be improved and changed to meet the development of the era itself. Therefore, inputs are needed to improve the quality of the book. Therefore, the Science Material in the student book must refer to the 2013 curriculum content standards. The purpose of this study is to see the suitability of the grade IV science books for elementary school students to the 2013 curriculum content standards. The research method used is content analysis. From the results of the analysis it can be seen that from the nine scope of the scope of natural science materials in the 2013 curriculum content standards there are three science materials that are not presented in student books, namely the shape of objects, plant breeding, and materials on climate and weather. In addition, there are two additional materials in the student book which are about the properties of sound and the properties of light that are not contained in the 2013 curriculum content standardsKeywords: Science Materials, Student Books, Content Standard, 2013 Curriculum
PENERAPAN MODEL DISCOVERY LEARNING DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPA TEMATIK DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Nelvianti Nelvianti , Indra Widya , Anas Rauladety , Fitria Yanti , Desyandri Desyandri
Published: November 2020

This study aims to provide an overview of the application of discovery learning models in thematic science learning in State Elementary School 01 Pakan Rabaa, Solok Selatan Regency. The background of this research is the importance of teachers knowing the steps in applying discovery learning models in thematic science learning in order to create science learning that is not only oriented towards results or products but also processes. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data on teacher opinions were collected through interviews. Data in the form of interviews, observations and documentation were analyzed descriptively. Data analysis is performed through data collection, reduction, presentation and conclusion drawing. The subjects of this study were the teachers of State Elementary School 01 Pakan Rabaa, Solok Selatan Regency. Based on the results of data analysis, it was found that thematic science learning with discovery learning models can involve students to develop knowledge and skills in solving problems, so that by applying discovery learning models can make students who are initially passive become more active and creative.Keywords: Discovery learning model, thematic science, elementary school
ANALISIS KESALAHAN BERBAHASA INDONESIA DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Pandeangan Marwan , Siburian Jangkontua , Sari Livia Olga Indah , Sari Novita
Published: November 2020

This study aims to describe the mistakes in Indonesian language made by students in elementary schools in general. The focus of the study was conducted on language errors in writing skills in elementary school. This type of research is descriptive research. The data source in this research is searching relevant journals. The analysis technique used in analyzing language errors is qualitative data analysis techniques. The results showed that there were student errors in writing including: spelling mistakes (errors in writing basic words, mistakes in using capital letters, mistakes in writing prefixes, mistakes in writing prepositions, mistakes in abbreviated writing, and errors in punctuation), errors in word selection (use of words speech), and mistakes in sentence construction (incomplete sentences, ineffective sentences, and sentences containing interference). Thus, students 'mistakes in writing must be minimized as an effort to improve students' writing skills in elementary school.Keywords: Language errors, spelling, word selection, sentence organization
Mass Drug Administration (MDA) for Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination in Uttar Pradesh, India: Issues, Gaps & Challenges
Authors:   Regional Office of Health & Family Welfare (NVBDCP), Kendriya Bhawan, 9th Floor, Aliganj, Lucknow, U.P., India, Kamal S
Published: November 2020

Uttar Pradesh is the largest state of India and is comprised of 75 revenue districts. 51 districts of eastern Uttar Pradesh are endemic for LF and are under Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis (ELF). In order to ensure elimination of the disease from the people, the mass drug administration (MDA) is being observed in these 51 districts since 2004 by ensuring administration of drug Di-ethyl Carbamazine Citrate (DEC) alone once in a year according to the age excluding children <2years, pregnant women and seriously ill persons. Thereafter, 400 mg albendazole to >2 years age group was added with DEC since 2008. When both the drugs are administered together, the effect is on the adult worm too and therefore the parasite will be destroyed preventing the infected person from developing clinical manifestation. NVBDCP guidelines envisages that administration of drug to the 65% of the total population or 85% of the targeted population for five consecutive years will bring down the microfilarimia to <1% among the population, ultimately leading to the elimination of the disease after conducting Transmission Assessment Survey (TAS) thrice at an interval of two years among the virgin/protected group of children i.e. 6-7 years. The Transmission Assessment Survey (TAS) is conducted after ensuring <1% microfilariamia in 10 additional sites selected randomly.The state could subject only one district Rampur under post MDA surveillance, which cleared TAS-1 & TAS-2. The other districts subjected for TAS during 2016, 2017, 2018 & 2019 but could not qualify for conducting TAS in additional m.f. survey as microfilariamia during 2016, 2017, & 2018 was found >1% and during 2019, the antigenemia was found >2% in 13 districts. The possible gaps, issues and challenges at various levels of the programme implementation have been discussed in the present paper, the rectification of which may lead the state for achieving the goal of elimination of the disease.
Exploring the Determinants Associated with Adoption of Modern Methods of Family Planning among Married Women
Authors:   Principal, Laganshah memorial Nursing college, Makkrana, Dist. Nagaur, Rajasthan, Veg Sayid
Published: November 2020

Background: Modern contraceptive methods use is cost effective strategy and it is an important effective public health interventions to avert unwanted pregnancies, reduce maternal mortality rate and in developing country, population explosion can be under control. There are numerous factors that contribute to the use of contraceptive methods among Indian married women. It is very crucial to identify such factors so that the major focus can be laid on such aspects to make the family planning projects of India more effective and successful. Materials and Methods: The data regarding socio demographic factors or determinants was collected using structured interview schedule and the adoption of modern family planning methods was assessed by check list. The sample size was 200 married women between 18 to 45 years of age, 100 from rural areas and 100 from urban areas. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, Chi square. Result: Majority of subjects in rural area about 28 (14%) mothers were adapted family planning methods and in urban area i.e. 48% (24%) were adapted family planning methods in group I. whereas in group II in urban area 70 (35%) were not adapted family planning methods, in rural area 54 (27%) mothers were not adapted any type of family planning methods. A significant association was found between adoption of contraceptives and determinants among married women.' Conclusion: There are many factors significantly associated with adoption of family planning methods among married women.
Depression among Indian Internet Addict Adolescents
Authors:   Associate Professor Pediatrics, Career Institute of Medical Sciences, C-2/612, Jankipuram Sitapur Road, Lucknow, India, Verma Ashish
Published: November 2020

Introduction: The revolution in technology has changed the entire environment. In this digital environment Internet is the basic action. Apart from the numerous advantages, Internet Addiction (IA) is emerging as a public health issue. The adolescents are at higher risk as their mental acumen is immature. At one point Internet addicts feel depressed. Adolescents with depression are at risk for increased recurrence of depression. Aims of the study is to find the prevalence of IA and to explore the relationship between IA and depression among Indian Adolescents. Research Methodology: A cross sectional survey was conducted on randomly selected 450 adolescent students aged between 10-18 yrs of urban schools of Lucknow in the period of one year. Internet Addiction Test (IAT) was applied to find the Internet addiction and PHQ9-A (PHQ9 modified for adolescents) was used to find the depresion. Result: In 351 Internet users 33.61% (118) were not addicted, while 66.38% (233) students fall in catogry of addiction. Among Internet addicts, mild, moderate, moderately severe and severe depression was found in 56.22% (131), 16.73% (39), 14.16% (33) and 4.29% (10), respectively. Depression is a major contributor to the global burden of diseases worldwide and is ranked as the second leading cause of disability. Our study clearly shows an indirect correlation between IA and depression. Thus, this is the high time to educate the students at school level regarding the optimal use of Internet through talks, handbills or booklet which shall also guard the incidence of depression among adolescents.
Life Skills Intervention for Behavioural Change among Students of a Government High School in Karnataka
Authors:   Additional Professor, Department of Epidemiology, Centre for Public Health, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, BS Pradeep
Published: November 2020

Adolescence is a transitional phase with physical, social and psychological changes. With the influence of rapid societal changes, it has become difficult for teachers and parents to manage adolescents. A government school in Karnataka had approached to provide behavioural intervention session for their students. A tailor-made life skills intervention aimed at bringing behavioural changes among students was designed. Our objective was to assess the effectiveness of a four-day life skills intervention on change in behaviour among students of a government high school in Karnataka. A semi-structured Pre- and post-test self-administered questionnaire which included a Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was administered to participants. This tailor-made intervention for adolescents in a school showed significant improvement in emotional symptoms (p=0.002) following the intervention. The intervention was provided to 137 students. It was observed that out of 17 (21%) participants who reported to have borderline symptoms for strengths and difficulties, 13 (76%) participants improved after training. Out of 7 (8.7%) participants who reported to have abnormal symptoms for strengths and difficulties during pre-test, about 5 (71%) participants improved post-training. There was improvement in all other domains of strengths and difficulties namely conduct problem, hyperactivity, peer relationship and prosocial behaviour scales, although not statistically significant. The total strengths and difficulties score decreased overall. Individually strengths and difficulties showed movement more towards the normal end rather than the abnormal end of the spectrum of strengths and difficulties scores. The result of this tailor-made intervention program has implications for adolescents from similar socio-economic background as well as adaptation of this intervention among adolescents in different situations.
Pharmacy Phamilies as a Component of a Co-Curricular Program for Doctor of Pharmacy Students
Authors: Mason Nancy , Dela Pena Jacqueline , Campbell Bianca , Sweet Burgunda
Published: November 2020

Background: Pharmacy student professional growth depends heavily on co-curricular involvement, in addition to classroom learning.  Co-curricular programming can be supported by an innovative structure using self-directed learning and a unique mentorship process. 
Innovation: A novel faculty and peer mentorship structure, called Pharmacy Phamilies, is integrated into a credited Lifelong Learning course that spans the 4 years of our PharmD program.  This course is comprised of student-chosen activities to meet requirements in six domains, as well as reflections and other assignments.  Recent changes include a new Pharmacy Phamily group reflection process and the use of co-curricular logs to document student activities.
Findings: Based on a student survey, the majority of respondents were satisfied with their level of engagement with their Pharmacy Phamily (72%) and with their advisor (76%).  The majority also reported that the Pharmacy Phamily program is meeting its goals of establishing a sense of community at the college (76%) and enhancing students’ professional development (72%).  A total of 86% of students preferred the Pharmacy Phamily group reflection over the former six individual reflections and 93% of students agreed the co-curricular log was a useful tool to document involvement in professional activities.
Conclusion: Pharmacy Phamilies and peer-reviewed, group reflection can provide an inclusive structure of support and social connection for students at the college of pharmacy.
 
Article Type: Note
Provision of Virtual Outpatient Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond: Enabling Factors and Experiences from the UBC Pharmacists Clinic
Authors: Reardon Jillian , Yuen Jamie , Lim Timothy , Ng Richard , Gobis Barbara
Published: November 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has generated an unprecedented level of interest in, and uptake of, technology-enabled virtual health care delivery as clinicians seek ways to safely care for patients with physical distancing. This paper describes the UBC Pharmacists Clinic’s technical systems and lessons learned using enabling technology and the provision of virtual patient care by pharmacists.  
 Of 2036 scheduled appointments at the clinic in 2019, only 1.5% of initial appointments were conducted virtually which increased to 64% for follow-up appointments. Survey respondents (n = 18) indicated an overall high satisfaction with the format, quality of care delivery, ease of use and benefits to their overall health. Other reports indicate that the majority of patients would like the option to book appointments electronically, email their healthcare provider, and have telehealth visits, although a small minority (8%) have access to virtual modes of care. The Clinic team is bridging the technology gap to better align virtual service provision with patient preferences. Practical advice and information gained through experience are shared here.
 As the general population and health care providers become increasingly comfortable with video conferencing as a result of COVID-19, it is anticipated that requests for video appointments will increase, technological barriers will decrease and conditions will enable providers to increase their virtual care capabilities. Lessons learned at the Clinic have application to pharmacists in both out-patient and in-patient care settings.
 
Article Type: Clinical Experience
Management of Partial Hydatidiform Mole and Subsequent Intrauterine Adhesions: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Partosh Dor , Hale Genevieve
Published: November 2020

Background: Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) originates from placental tissue and is among rare human tumors that can be cured even in the presence of widespread metastases. The most common form of GTD is hydatidiform mole (HM), commonly referred to as molar pregnancy. Molar pregnancies have the potential to locally invade the uterus and metastasize and result as a result of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) is a condition where scar tissue develops within the uterine cavity, often following a procedure. Hysteroscopy has been established as the criterion standard for the diagnosis of IUAs, although the optimal adjuvant treatment after surgical intervention remains unclear. ‎
Case: A 35-year-old-female underwent suction curettage a week after the detection of a molar pregnancy. Two months later, she suffered from amenorrhea and hormonal therapy was initiated. Saline-infusion sonogram was tried and failed due to cervical stenosis. IUAs leading to scar tissue developed along with uterine polyps. Hysteroscopy successfully lysed IUAs and uterine polyps. The patient conceived two months after stopping hormonal therapy and proceeded to a pregnancy which resulted in a healthy live birth.
Conclusion: Although the etiology of the patient’s molar pregnancy is still unknown, this report demonstrates the need to utilize hysteroscopy as a primary and early mode of treatment if IUAs are found in patients along with providing adjuvant treatment while utilizing clinical judgement in order to prevent IUAs recurrence. The patient conceived four months after the hysteroscopy resulting in a healthy live birth. 
 
Article Type: Clinical Experience
Sangre y lógica del don entre los indígenas pumé de Venezuela. Un modelo femenino del cosmos
Authors: Orobitg Gemma
Published: November 2020

Este artículo examina los modos de relación dominantes entre los indígenas pumé a través de la circulación de la sangre femenina. La lógica del don interviene en las relaciones entre los seres pumé –humanos, animales y espíritus que comparten almas y sangre–, mientras que la predación domina las relaciones con los seres más extraños a la sociedad pumé –los «espíritus del paisaje de la sabana», los «espíritus de las profundidades de la tierra» y los blancos–. La mitología sustenta el lugar estructurante de lo femenino en la constitución del orden del cosmos y la circulación de la sangre queda fijada como un operador de las relaciones sociales.
Importance of Legal Criteria for State Recognition: How Legitimate is State Recognition in International Law?
Authors: Chakhvadze George , Grasis Janis
Published: November 2020

The article discusses some aspects of the recognition of states in international law. Taking into account current political situation in the world, the issue of state recognition at present is very important and topical. Recognition of new states is an act that can be performed by other states. Recognition of states is normally expressed by states addressing newly formed states and declaring the nature of their relationship with their government. Frequently the issue of state recognition is related to the mode of state origin. The article argues that during the collapse of colonial systems as the result of the demise of the Soviet Union, the institution of state recognition had certain specific, and such criteria are no longer applicable with respect to unitary states. It is shown that nowadays state recognition is still non-codified, and the practice of states is very diverse. Any act of foreign state recognition is justified unless it contradicts peremptory norms of international law. The Paper proposes the need for legal criteria for state recognition, because under current circumstances, the purpose of state recognition may not still be legitimate even when formal criteria of jus cogens norms are met. The introduction of such criteria would guarantee more credibility and sustainability in international relations.

Rakstā apskatīti atsevišķi valstu atzīšanas aspekti starptautiskajās tiesībās. Ņemot vērā pašreizējo politisko situāciju pasaulē, šobrīd valsts atzīšanas jautājums ir ļoti svarīgs un aktuāls. Jaunu valstu atzīšana ir darbība, kuru var veikt citas valstis. Valstu atzīšana parasti notiek, kad valstis vēršas pie jaunizveidotajām valstīm un paziņo par attiecību būtību ar to valdību. Bieži jautājums par valsts atzīšanu ir saistīts ar valsts izcelsmes veidu. Rakstā tiek apgalvots, ka koloniālo sistēmu, Padomju Savienības sabrukuma laikā valsts atzīšanas institūcijai bija zināma specifika, un šādus kritērijus vairs nepiemēro attiecībā uz unitārajām valstīm. Līdz ar to var apgalvot, ka mūsdienās valsts atzīšana joprojām nav kodificēta un valstu prakse ir ļoti dažāda. Jebkurš vienpusējs ārvalsts atzīšanas akts ir pamatots, ja vien tas nav pretrunā ar obligātajām starptautisko tiesību normām. Darbā izskan ierosinājums, ka ir nepieciešami juridiski kritēriji valsts atzīšanai, jo pašreizējos apstākļos valsts atzīšanas mērķis joprojām var nebūt likumīgs pat tad, ja ir izpildīti jus cogens normu formālie kritēriji. Šādu kritēriju ieviešana garantētu lielāku uzticamību un ilgtspēju starptautiskajās attiecībās.
Person of the Issue: Anna Freud (1895-1982)
Authors: Ankit Patel
Published: November 2020

Anna Freud was born December 3, 1895 in Vienna, Austria. As the daughter of Sigmund Freud, she was inescapably steeped in the psychoanalytic theories of her famous father; however, she did more than simply live in his shadow, pioneering the field of child psychoanalysis and extending the concept of defense mechanisms to develop ego psychology. After finishing her secondary education in 1912 at Cottage Lyceum in Vienna, she completed teachers’ training and worked at her alma mater as a classroom teacher for five years. Of her school years she declared that she learned far more at home from her father and his guests. Indeed, she acquired knowledge of psychoanalysis from this group to which few others had access, and this grounded her life-long contributions to the field.
Content Validity and Reliability of the 13-Item Sense of Coherence Scale among 13-15 Year Old School Children in Chennai City
Authors: Pavithra R  , Lalithambigai G  , Mohammed Junaid  , Madan Kumar PD
Published: November 2020

Objective: To assess the content validity and reliability of the 13-item Sense of Coherence (SOC) scale among 13-15 year old school children in Chennai city. Participants: A total of 258, 13 – 15 year old ethnic Dravidian students from two randomly selected schools within Chennai city, present on both days of the study were included. Study design: A cross sectional study. Method: The 13-item Sense of Coherence questionnaire was translated to the vernacular, back translated and subjected to expert opinion to check its validity. The 13-item SOC questionnaire was used to assess the Sense of Coherence of the selected school students. The questionnaire was re-administered after one week to measure to measure Internal consistency reliability and Infraclass correlation co-efficient. Results: The Internal consistency reliability checked using Cronbach α was found to be 0.784. The intra class correlation co-efficient was 0.7 and remained the same with an item deleted. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the 13 item SOC questionnaire is a valid and reliable epidemiological tool among an adolescent Dravidian population in Chennai city. Further studies are recommended to assess the stability of SOC concept over a period of time.
Memory in Old Age: Current Scenario in India
Authors: Dr. K. Lalitha  , Dr. D. Jamuna
Published: November 2020

One of the common concerns of older people is the complaint that their memory was not as good as it was. Empirical studies on memory have highlighted that memory losses are not uncommon in any age. According to statistics, 70% of older adults report that they have memory problems, but objective tests are needed to determine if they have mild cognitive impairment, which is also known as benign senescent forgetfulness (AAMD) and early dementia. Mild cognitive impairment is basically a transitional stage between normal aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Studies show that 17% to 34% of elderly people have mild cognitive impairment. One of the significant areas of contemporary gerontological researches is planning of systematic interventions in improving memory. This article focuses on the research carried out on memory and old age in India and discusses the need for further research.
The Impact of Socio Economic Status on Emotional Intelligence and Creativity among Tribal Adolescent Students
Authors: Dr. Chandrakant Jamadar  , Sindhu A
Published: November 2020

The present study is an attempt to investigate the conjoint off impact of Social Economic Status towards the prediction of Emotional intelligence and Creativity among tribal students. Accordingly,100 tribal samples, 50boys and 50girls of VIII, IX & X class from Vivekananda Tribal Centre for learning(VTCL), Hosahalli, H.D.Kote, Mysore. The Socio Economic Status scale by Meenakshi(2004), Emotional Intelligence by Upinder Dhar(2010), and creativity test by Wallach-kogan. The results revealed that High Socio Economic Status students have more Emotional Intelligence and creative than the Low Socio Economic Status Students. Girls and boys have same level of Emotional Intelligence and Creativity. In Emotional Intelligence is no differences in three community students but in creativity Yerava Students have more creative than the other two community students.
Kashmir Conflict: Alarming Mental Health Consequences
Authors: Nuzhat Firdous
Published: November 2020

War damages the very fabric of the society. It not only damages its physical structure but also disrupts its entire social tissue, its environment and the normal routine of life for which people account several reasons. Kashmir has been witnessing a chronic socio-political unrest for the last 2½ decades now. The conflict has had an enormous impact on different aspects of Kashmir’s society. Indeed, there has been a colossal damage to the property and infrastructure; however, its impact can be felt nowhere more than on the mental health of the people of Kashmir. Deliberating upon the human suffering, the conflict has not only left thousands dead and orphaned, unleashed and unmitigated violence on women and children, but the alarming increase in the psychiatric morbidity in general, is among the worst possible forms of suffering. This paper thus attempts to give an up-to-date description of the current mental health scenario and ensuing physiological and behavioural implications among the people of Kashmir. Database for this review included PubMed, medIND, Google scholar, and a number of reputed dailies. The studies reviewed have been published in peer reviewed journals, featuring the socio-political chaos in kashmir and its overall effect on the fate-bitten residents.
Nurturing Invulnerability in Disadvantaged Children
Authors: Rashi Ahuja  , Pranati Satapathy
Published: November 2020

Invulnerability is a process involving development of the capacity to confront, withstand, overcome and benefit from the psychologically critical /deleterious life situations such as deprivation/ disadvantages, stresses, frustration, conflicts and crisis. From time immemorial, human kind seems to have learned to develop a sort of ambivalence towards such critical situations/conditions or adversities and the pain and suffering associated with these. Operationally invulnerability may be defined as competence amidst disadvantages.
An Account of Phonetics and Phonology as Similar Identical or Different
Authors: Ahmed M. S. Alduais
Published: November 2020

Purpose: Where do phonetics and phonology meet and differ from one another as two field of linguistics? Method: The study is mainly descriptive where previous and related studies are reviewed and presented to reach a view about phonetics and phonology as similar, different or identical. Results: Phonetics and phonology are two different fields of linguistics which are related to one another. Phonetics is the concrete study of sounds. On the other hand, phonology is the abstract study of sounds. Moreover, phonetics and phonology are integrated two fields of linguistics but they are not identical. Conclusions: Phonetics is concrete in contrast to phonology which is abstract. Additionally, phonetics is learned while phonology is acquired.