bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Micro-Scale Analysis and Optimization of Rural Settlement Spatial Patterns: A Case Study of Huanglong Town, Dayu County
Authors: Zhang Xiaoping , Li Jinzhou , Xu Juncai
Published: July 2024

Optimizing the spatial patterns of rural settlements is crucial for rural development and revitalization. Enhancing the internal spatial configuration of these settlements necessitates a comprehensive understanding of their micro-scale spatial characteristics. This study develops evaluation indicators and methodologies to quantify rural settlement spatial patterns by analyzing their multidimensional aspects. The research utilizes Huanglong Town in Dayu County, Jiangxi Province, as a case study for exploring micro-scale spatial patterns and proposing corresponding optimization models. The research employs remote sensing image processing and GIS spatial analysis to collect data on the study area. The results indicate that rural settlements in Huanglong Town generally form clustered patterns with moderate spatial structure intensity and order. Notably, spatial heterogeneity is observed across the northern mountainous area, the central plain and low hilly region, and the southern hilly area. Based on these findings, the study categorizes rural settlements in Huanglong Town into four optimization models: stable improvement, internal potential exploitation, controlled expansion, and relocation and withdrawal. Each model is associated with differentiated optimization strategies. By integrating analyses of spatial form, structure, and order, this study reveals the intrinsic spatial characteristics of rural settlements, offering a systematic approach to guide their spatial optimization.
Study on the Influence of Agricultural Scale Management Mode on Production Efficiency Based on Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liang Yawen , Wang Yue , Sun Yao , Ruan Junhu
Published: July 2024

Agricultural scale management is an important means of improving agricultural production efficiency. To answer the controversy over whether different agricultural scale management models can improve production efficiency, this paper obtained 117,627 samples from 68 domestic and foreign literature and used meta-analysis to study the effects of land-scale operation (LSO) and service-scale operation (SSO) on agricultural production efficiency (APE). The moderators that affect the relationship between LSO, SSO, and APE are also examined. The research results show that (1) both LSO and SSO positively impact production efficiency, but LSO has a stronger impact. (2) The relationship between LSO and APE is positively regulated by the agricultural production and operation environment, characteristics of the agricultural location, degree of farmers’ participation, and types of APE, and negatively regulated by the research situation. (3) The relationship between SSO and APE is negatively regulated by APE types and data types. Therefore, the government should promote agricultural dual-scale operation according to the local conditions through the complementary advantages of LSO and SSO, so as to fully release the promotion potential of APE.
Nature-Based Solutions for Landscape Performance Evaluation—Handan Garden Expo Park’s “Clear as a Drain” Artificial Wetland as an Example
Authors: Liu Jiaju , Guo Yujia , Han Jingyi , Yang Feng , Shen Nan , Sun Fei , Wei Yanjie , Yuan Peng , Wang Jiawei
Published: July 2024

As a technology for water landscape performance that considers landscape, ecological, and social effects, nature-based solutions play a crucial role in enhancing the functionality of integrated ecosystem services on the micro-scale. This study conducted a systematic investigation into the landscape performance of the “Clear as a Drain” composite sponge facility at Handan Garden Expo Park. The following conclusions were drawn: (1) In terms of ecological restoration support services, the “Clear as a Drain” artificial wetland exhibited diverse habitat types, a rich variety of plant species specific to the site’s region, and high plant diversity indices for shrubs (1.776) and herbaceous aquatic plants (3.352). Reclaimed water reused in the artificial terraced wetland promoted plant growth and diversity while contributing to site self-rehabilitation; plants also significantly contributed to carbon fixation, oxygen release, and carbon emission reduction. (2) Regarding ecological restoration regulation services, the artificial wetland effectively purified reclaimed water with substantial improvements observed in incoming water quality during spring, summer, and autumn—particularly notable purification effects were observed during the summer months. Pollutant reduction rates for COD, BOD5 ammonia nitrogen, TP, and TN reached 75.8%, 72.1%, 93.8%, 96.7%, and 90.3%, respectively; different independent subsystems within the wetland demonstrated distinct advantages in pollutant removal; park plants displayed strong air purification capabilities; annual energy savings from park plants could fully cover daily energy consumption for nearby residents. This case could serve as guidance for scientific management and design parameter optimization of other composite sponge facilities.
A Local-Scale, Post-Fire Assessment in a Double-Burned Area: A Case Study from Peloponnisos, Greece
Authors: Panagiotaras Dionisios , Kokkoris Ioannis P. , Avramidis Pavlos , Papoulis Dimitrios , Koulougliotis Dionysios , Gianni Eleni , Lekka Dimitra , Christodoulopoulos Dionisis C. , Nifora Despoina , Druvari Denisa , Skalioti Alexandra
Published: July 2024

In the summer of 2021, Greece experienced significant forest fires and mega-fires across multiple regions, leading to human casualties and damage to the natural environment, infrastructure, livestock, and agriculture. The current study aims to assess the ecosystem condition in terms of the natural regeneration and soil conditions of an area burnt by a forest fire (2021), specifically in the Ancient Olympia region situated in West Peloponnese (Ilia Prefecture), Greece. A standardized field sampling methodology was applied to record natural regeneration at chosen sites where a forest fire had also previously occurred (in 2007), resulting in the natural re-growth of the Pinus halepensis forest. Furthermore, an analysis was conducted on the geochemical, mineralogical, and sedimentological properties of soils obtained from this location. The findings of the research demonstrate the decline in the established natural regeneration of the Pinus halepensis forest and the overall tree layer. Species characteristic of post-fire ecological succession were observed in the shrub and herb layers, displaying varying coverage. The examination of soil mineralogy, sedimentology, and geochemistry indicated that the soil characteristics in the area are conducive to either natural or artificial regeneration. Ultimately, recommendations for landscape rehabilitation strategies are provided to inform decision-making processes, considering future climate conditions.
Survival of Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum in Soil and in Corn Crop Residues under the Humid Subtropical Climate of Southern Brazil
Authors: Longhi Talita Vigo , Robaina Renata Rodrigues , Leite Rui Pereira , Balbi-Peña Maria Isabel
Published: July 2024

Bacterial leaf streak caused by Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum (Xvv) is an emerging disease in several corn-producing regions around the world. In Brazil, there is a lack of information on the survival of this bacterium in soil and crop residues. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the survival of Xvv in soil and also in infected corn crop residues under the humid subtropical climate of southern Brazil. The survival of Xvv in soil was initially investigated in sandy and clayey soils maintained at 20, 25 and 30 °C under controlled conditions. The survival of the bacterium under field conditions was studied in artificially infested clayey soil. The survival of Xvv in corn crop residues was investigated in infected residues maintained on the soil surface or buried in the soil at 20 cm deep. Under controlled conditions, regardless of the type of soil, the bacterium survived longer at 20 °C than at higher temperatures. The bacterium survived for 40 days in clayey soil kept at 20 °C and four days in sandy soil maintained at 30 °C. Under field conditions, the survival of Xvv in the soil was only for 48 h and in infected corn crop residues for up to 15 days in the samples maintained on the soil surface. In samples of infected corn residues buried in the soil, the bacterium was only detected at the time the experiment was set up. In general, the results obtained in this study revealed that Xvv survives for a short period of time in soil and in infected corn crop residues under humid subtropical conditions. Therefore, soil and corn residues may not be highly important sources of primary inoculum for the development of bacterial leaf streak on corn crops under these conditions.
Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation Exposure on Human Male Gametes: Damage or Benefit
Authors: Dimitrova Tsvetomira , Hristova Elena , Petrova Nadya
Published: July 2024

With the improvement of medical devices for diagnosis and radiotherapy, concerns about the effects of low doses of ionizing radiation are also growing. There is no consensus among scientists on whether they might have beneficial effects on humans in certain cases or pose more risks, making the exposure unreasonable. While the damaging consequences of high-dose radiation have been known since the discovery of radioactivity, low-dose effects present a much bigger investigative challenge. They are highly specific and include radio-adaptive responses, bystander effects, and genomic instability. Current data regarding the consequences of exposure to low-dose radiation on the quality of male gametes and fertility potential are contradictory. The reports suggest two directions: indirect impact on male gametes—through spermatogenesis—or direct effects at low doses on already mature spermatozoa. Although mature gametes are used for observation in both models, they are fundamentally different, leading to varied results. Due to their unique physiological characteristics, in certain cases, exposure of spermatozoa to low-dose ionizing radiation could have positive effects. Despite the findings indicating no beneficial effects of low-dose exposure on male fertility, it is essential to research its impact on mature spermatozoa, as well.
The Effect of Lumbopelvic Manipulation for Pain Reduction in Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Lin Long-Huei , Lin Ting-Yu , Chang Ke-Vin , Wu Wei-Ting , Özçakar Levent
Published: July 2024

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most common etiologies of knee pain and might be relieved with lumbopelvic manipulation (LPM). This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of LPM on pain reduction in patients with PFPS. Electronic databases were searched from inception to December 2023 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of LPM on PFPS. The primary outcome was the change in visual analog or numeric rating scale scores assessing pain. Ten studies comprising 346 participants were included. Significant pain reduction was noted in the LPM group (Hedges’ g = −0.706, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −1.197 to −0.214, p = 0.005, I2 = 79.624%) compared with the control group. Moreover, pain relief was more pronounced when LPM was combined with other physical therapies (Hedges’ g = −0.701, 95% CI = −1.386 to −0.017, p = 0.045, I2 = 73.537%). No adverse events were reported during the LPM. The LPM appears to be a safe and effective adjuvant therapy for pain reduction in patients with PFPS. Clinicians should consider adding LPM to other physical therapies (e.g., quadriceps muscle strengthening) during the management of these patients.
Start Strong, Finish Strong: A Review of Prehabilitation in Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Bargnes Vincent , Davidson Steven , Talbot Lillian , Jin Zhaosheng , Poppers Jeremy , Bergese Sergio D.
Published: July 2024

Cardiac surgery constitutes a significant surgical insult in a patient population that is often marred by significant comorbidities, including frailty and reduced physiological reserve. Prehabilitation programs seek to improve patient outcomes and recovery from surgery by implementing a number of preoperative optimization initiatives. Since the initial trial of cardiac prehabilitation twenty-four years ago, new data have emerged on how to best utilize this tool for the perioperative care of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. This review will explore recent cardiac prehabilitation investigations, provide clinical considerations for an effective cardiac prehabilitation program, and create a framework for future research studies.
The Impact of Birth Season and Sex on Motor Skills in 2-Year-Old Children: A Study in Jinhua, Eastern China
Authors: Zhu Yuanye , Wang Shuying , Qian Yongdong , Hu Jiahui , Zhou Huiling , Korivi Mallikarjuna , Ye Weibing , Zhu Rong
Published: July 2024

Background: This study investigates the effects of birth season and sex on the development of gross and fine motor skills in 2-year-old children in Jinhua, Eastern China. Methods: Conducted in Jinhua, a city in central Zhejiang Province, Eastern China, this research involved 225 children, assessing their gross and fine motor skills using the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales, Second Edition. Scores were adjusted for age in months to avoid the relative age effect. Statistical analyses included MANOVA to evaluate the impacts of season and sex. Results: Sex had no significant impact on overall motor development scores (p > 0.05). However, the season of birth significantly affected fine motor quotient (FMQ) and total motor quotient (TMQ) (p < 0.05). Boys’ motor skills were generally unaffected by season, whereas girls born in winter exhibited superior fine motor skills compared to those born in summer. Conclusions: Seasonal environmental factors significantly influence early motor development, particularly fine motor skills in girls. These findings highlight the importance of considering seasonal variations in early childhood interventions aimed at enhancing exercise physiology and sports performance.
Exploring Varied Treatment Strategies for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)
Authors: Elshaer Amani , Chascsa David M. H. , Lizaola-Mayo Blanca C.
Published: July 2024

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) represents a liver disorder characterized by steatosis with underlying metabolic risk factors. The prevalence of MASLD continues to rise, leading to increased patient risk of various complications. Recent research has been focused on new therapeutic strategies to reduce the incidence of MASLD and provide effective treatment plans to prevent further irreversible liver damage. The treatment approach is multifactorial, with a primary focus on weight loss and management of underlying comorbidities through lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, or surgical options. Ongoing research is exploring new pharmacological therapies that could enhance the treatment of MASLD.
Torsional Behavior of Waste Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Sanok Artur , Domski Jacek , Kobaka Janusz , Logoń Dominik
Published: July 2024

Factory made steel fiber and steel fiber derived from worn tires was used to develop cement concrete, which was subjected to torsional forces. A dedicated stand for torsion tests, allowing for the measurement of force, deflection, and torsion angle, was used. The test results showed that both the factory-made fiber and the waste steel fiber significantly improved torsional properties of the concrete matrix. The test results of specimens made with waste fiber were characterized by slightly worse results compared to factory-made fibers, but there was a significant improvement in torsional properties compared to samples without fibers. Taking into account the financial and environmental benefits, the application of waste steel fiber recovered from car tires could be an interesting alternative to using commercially sold steel fiber applied for the production of construction elements subjected to torsional forces.
Phase Transitions and Thermoelectric Properties of Charge-Compensated ZnxCu12−xSb4Se13
Authors: Park Sang Jun , Kim Il-Ho
Published: July 2024

In this study, we investigated the phase transitions and thermoelectric properties of charge-compensated hakite (ZnxCu12−xSb4Se13) as a function of Zn content. Based on X-ray diffraction and a differential scanning calorimetric phase analysis, secondary phases (permingeatite and bytizite) transformed into hakite depending on the Zn content, while Zn2Cu10Sb4Se13 existed solely as hakite. Nondegenerate semiconductor behavior was observed, exhibiting increasing electrical conductivity with a rising temperature. With an increase in Zn content, the presence of mixed phases of hakite and permingeatite led to enhanced electrical conductivity. However, Zn2Cu10Sb4Se13 with a single hakite phase exhibited the lowest electrical conductivity. The Seebeck coefficient exhibited positive values, indicating that even after charge compensation (electron supply) by Zn, p-type semiconductor characteristics were maintained. With the occurrence of an intrinsic transition within the measured temperature range, the Seebeck coefficient decreased as the temperature increased; at a certain temperature, Zn2Cu10Sb4Se13 exhibited the highest value. Thermal conductivity showed a low temperature dependence, obtaining low values below 0.65 Wm−1K−1. A power factor of 0.22 mWm−1K−2 and dimensionless figure of merit of 0.31 were achieved at 623 K for ZnCu11Sb4Se13.
Prioritizing Sustainable Denim Fabric through Integrated Decision-Making Framework
Authors: Acar Eda , Tama Birkocak Derya , Özdağoğlu Aşkın , Ünal Zümrüt , Özdemir Gizem , Josè Abreu Maria
Published: July 2024

In this study, a combined multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach that integrates the logarithm methodology of additive weights (LMAW) and the double normalization-based multiple aggregation (DNMA) methods has been utilized to determine the optimal fabric structures considering the performance characteristics of denim fabrics containing recycled cotton. This approach focuses on sustainability and performance criteria, applying advanced decision-making methodologies to provide in-depth analysis and guidance for denim fabric selection. In this research, 15 distinct criteria were taken into account. Alternatives were ranked based on outcomes obtained from these methods. Although it was not anticipated that the top-ranked alternatives would simultaneously fulfill the beneficial or non-beneficial orientation of all criteria, an examination of the top three alternatives (A12, A5, and A15) for both garment groups revealed that they indeed aligned with the pre-determined criterion orientation. This highlights the effectiveness of the multi-criteria decision-making approach in the context of this study.
Seismic Response Prediction of Porcelain Transformer Bushing Using Hybrid Metaheuristic and Machine Learning Techniques: A Comparative Study
Authors: Zhou Quan , Mao Yongheng , Guo Fengqi , Liu Yuxuan
Published: July 2024

Although seismic response predictions are widely used for engineering structures, their applications in electrical equipment are rare. Overstressing at the bottom of the porcelain insulators during seismic events has made power transformer bushings in substations prone to failure. Thus, this paper proposed and compared six integrated machine learning (ML) models for seismic stress response predictions for porcelain transformer bushings using easily monitored acceleration responses. Metaheuristic algorithms such as particle swarm optimization were employed for architecture tuning. Prediction accuracies for stress response values and classifications were evaluated. Finally, shaking table tests and simulation analyses for a 1100 kV bushing were implemented to validate the accuracy of the six ML models. The results indicated that the proposed ML models can quickly forecast the maximum stress experienced by a porcelain bushing during earthquakes. Swarm intelligence evolutionary technologies could quickly and automatically aid in the retrofitting of architecture for the ML models. The K-nearest neighbor regression model had the best level of prediction accuracy among the six selected ML models for experimental and simulation validations. ML prediction models have clear benefits over frequently used seismic analytical techniques in terms of speed and accuracy for post-earthquake emergency relief in substations.
An Integrated T-Spherical Fuzzy Einstein Interaction Aggregator Group Decision-Making Approach: A Case Study of Concrete 3D Printing Robot Application in Vietnam
Authors: Nhieu Nhat-Luong , Dang Tri Dung
Published: July 2024

This study introduces the integrated T-spherical fuzzy Einstein interaction aggregator group decision-making approach, a novel framework designed to enhance multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM). Implementing the case study of concrete 3D printing technology in Vietnam, this approach integrates T-spherical fuzzy sets with Einstein aggregation operators to handle the complexities of uncertain and subjective expert judgments effectively. The methodology provides a robust mechanism for evaluating and prioritizing the barriers and strategies associated with the implementation of concrete 3D printing. Findings from this study underline the significance of technological advancements and strategic financial incentives, with R&D strategy emerging as the top priority. This research contributes to both theoretical advancements in decision-making frameworks and offers practical insights for industries looking to integrate emerging technologies. Moreover, it demonstrates the application of advanced fuzzy set theories in real-world settings, providing a valuable tool for decision-makers facing similar technological adoption challenges.
Existence of Viscosity Solutions for Weakly Coupled Cooperative Parabolic Systems with Fully Nonlinear Principle Part
Authors: Boyadzhiev Georgi , Kutev Nikolay
Published: July 2024

In this paper, the existence of viscosity solutions for weakly coupled, degenerate, and cooperative parabolic systems is studied in a bounded domain. In particular, we consider the viscosity solutions of parabolic systems with fully nonlinear degenerated principal symbol and linear coupling part. The maximum principle theorem is given as well.
Influence of Grain Size and Film Formation Potential on the Diffusivity of Point Defects in the Passive Film of Pure Aluminum in NaCl Solution
Authors: Hu Xiuhua , Gao Kunyuan , Xiong Xiangyuan , Huang Hui , Wu Xiaolan , Wen Shengping , Wei Wu , Nie Zuoren , Zhou Dejing
Published: July 2024

The influence of grain size on the corrosion behavior of pure aluminum and the defect density and diffusion coefficient of surface passive films were investigated using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and electrochemical testing techniques, based on the point defect model (PDM). Samples with three different grain sizes (23 ± 11, 134 ± 52, and 462 ± 203 μm) were obtained by annealing at different temperatures and times. The polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results for the pure aluminum in the 3.5% NaCl solution showed that with decreasing grain size, the corrosion current (icorr) decreased monotonously, giving rise to a noble corrosion potential and a large polarization resistance. The Motte–Schottky results showed that the passive films that formed on pure aluminum with fine grains of 23 ± 11 μm had a low density (3.82 × 1020 cm−3) of point defects, such as oxygen vacancies and/or metal interstitials, and a small diffusion coefficient (1.94 × 10−17 cm2/s). The influence of grain size on corrosion resistance was discussed. This work demonstrated that grain refinement could be an effective approach to achieving high corrosion resistance of passive metals.
A Frequency Up-Conversion Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Shunted to a Synchronous Electric Charge Extraction Circuit
Authors: Peng Xuzhang , Tang Hao , Li Zhongjie , Liang Junrui , Yu Liuding , Hu Guobiao
Published: July 2024

A frequency up-conversion piezoelectric energy harvester (FUC-PEH) consists of a force amplifier, a piezoelectric stack, a low-frequency oscillator (LFO), and a stop limiter. The force amplifier generates the amplification of stress on the piezoelectric stack. The LFO, comprising a spring and a mass block, impacts the stop limiter during vibration to induce high-frequency oscillations within the piezoelectric stack. In this paper, we represent and simplify the FUC-PEH as a lumped-parameter model based on piezoelectric material constitutive equations and structural dynamic theories. Using the electromechanical analogy, we developed an equivalent circuit model (ECM) of the FUC-PEH. A parametric study was performed to investigate the impact of system parameters, such as spring stiffness and concentrated mass, on the FUC-PEH performance. The collision-induced amplitude truncation (AT) effect enlarges the operation bandwidth. ECM simulations show that low-frequency input excitation is converted into a high-frequency output response, enhancing the energy conversion efficiency. Furthermore, we aimed to improve the FUC-PEH’s performance using a synchronous electric charge extraction (SECE) circuit. Using the ECM approach, we established a system-level model that considers the electromechanical coupling behavior. The simulation results provide insights into the performance of FUC harvesters with SECE circuits and offer valuable design guidance.
A 30–60 GHz Broadband Low LO-Drive Down-Conversion Mixer with Active IF Balun in 65 nm CMOS Technology
Authors: Wang Rong , Wen Jincai
Published: July 2024

A 30~60 GHz broadband down-conversion mixer driven by low local oscillator (LO) power is presented. The down-conversion mixer utilizes an input signal coupling technique based on the Marchand balun to achieve broadband operation and achieves low LO power drive and low DC power consumption through the use of a weak inversion bias with Gilbert switching devices. The broadband conversion of single-ended to differential signals is achieved using the Marchand balun with compensation lines, and an equivalent circuit analysis is performed. For the intermediate frequency (IF) output, a self-biased IF trans-impedance amplifier with current reusing and an active IF balun structure are used to achieve signal amplification and single-ended signal output. Test results show that the proposed mixer achieves a conversion gain of −1.2 to 6.4 dB in an IF output bandwidth of 0.1 to 5 GHz at radio frequency (RF) input frequencies of 30 to 60 GHz and LO driving power of −10 dBm. The DC power consumption of the core mixing unit of the proposed mixer is 4.8 mW, and the DC power consumption including the IF amplifier is 28.3 mW. The proposed mixer uses a 65 nm CMOS technology with a chip area of 0.26 mm2.
Design of Miniaturized and Wideband Four-Port MIMO Antenna Pair for WiFi
Authors: Hu Yao , Wang Yongshun , Zhang Lijun , Li Mengmeng
Published: July 2024

A miniaturized and wideband four-port multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna pair for Wi-Fi mobile terminals application is proposed. The proposed antenna pair consists of four multi-branch antenna elements arranged orthogonally, with an overall size of 40 × 40 × 3.5 mm3 and each antenna element size of 15.2 × 3.5 mm × 0.8 mm3. The performance of the proposed antenna shows the advantages of a wide frequency band, low mutual coupling, high efficiency, and a compact structure. The wideband characteristics of the antenna elements are achieved through multi-mode resonance. The suppression of coupling is accomplished by strategically positioning the four compact antenna elements to ensure their maximum radiation directions are orthogonal, thus eliminating the need for an additional decoupling structure. In this paper, the proposed antenna is optimized in terms of the parameters then simulated and measured. The simulated results illustrate that an impedance bandwidth of the antenna is about 15% (5.06~5.88 GHz) with S11 < −10 dB, excellent port isolation exceeds 20 dB between all ports, a high radiation efficiency ranges from 51.2% to 89.9%, the maximum gain is 4.5 dBi, and the ECCs are less than 0.04. The measured results show that the −10 dB impedance bandwidth of the antenna is about 13% (5.13~5.80 GHz), the isolation between the antenna elements is better than 21 dB, the radiation efficiency ranges from 51.8% to 92.3%, the maximum gain is 5.3 dBi, and the ECCs are less than 0.05. The proposed four-port MIMO antenna works on the 5G LTE band 46 and Wi-Fi 6E operating bands. As a mobile terminal antenna, the proposed design scheme demonstrates excellent performance and applicability, fulfilling the requirements for 5G mobile terminal applications.
Thick Glass High-Quality Cutting by Ultrafast Laser Bessel Beam Perforation-Assisted Separation
Authors: Chen Suwan , Luo Yuxuan , Fan Xinhu , Wu Congyi , Zhang Guojun , Huang Yu , Rong Youmin , Chen Long
Published: July 2024

The cutting of thick glass is extensively employed in aerospace, optical, and other fields. Although ultrafast laser Bessel beams are heavily used for glass cutting, the cutting thickness and cutting quality need to be further improved. In this research, the high-quality cutting of thick glass was realized for the first time using ultrafast laser perforation assisted by CO2 laser separation. Initially, an infrared picosecond laser Bessel beam was employed to ablate the soda-lime glass and generate a perforated structure. Subsequently, a CO2 laser was employed to induce crack propagation along the path of the perforated structure, resulting in the separation of the glass. This study investigates the influence of hole spacing, pulse energy, and the defocusing distance of the picosecond laser Bessel beam on the average surface roughness of the glass sample cutting surface. The optimal combination of cutting parameters for 6 mm thick glass results in a minimum surface roughness of 343 nm in the cross-section.
Smart Contact Lenses in Ophthalmology: Innovations, Applications, and Future Prospects
Authors: Wu Kevin Y. , Dave Archan , Carbonneau Marjorie , Tran Simon D.
Published: July 2024

Smart contact lenses represent a breakthrough in the intersection of medical science and innovative technology, offering transformative potential in ophthalmology. This review article delves into the technological underpinnings of smart contact lenses, emphasizing the current landscape and advancements in biosensors, power supply, biomaterials, and the transmission of ocular information. This review further applies new innovations to their emerging role in the diagnosis, monitoring, and management of various ocular conditions. Moreover, we explore the impact of technical innovations on the application of smart contact lenses in monitoring glaucoma, managing postoperative care, and dry eye syndrome, further elucidating the non-invasive nature of these devices in continuous ocular health monitoring. The therapeutic potential of smart contact lenses such as treatment through targeted drug delivery and the monitoring of inflammatory biomarkers is also highlighted. Despite promising advancements, the implementation of smart contact lenses faces technical, regulatory, and patient compliance challenges. This review synthesizes the recent advances to provide an outlook on the state of smart contact lens technology. Furthermore, we discuss future directions, focusing on potential technological enhancements and new applications within ophthalmology.
The Electric Conductivity of Bi7Fe3Ti3O21 Doped with Gadolinium
Authors: Makowska Jolanta , Szalbot Diana , Adamczyk-Habrajska Małgorzata , Wodecka-Duś Beata , Chrunik Maciej
Published: July 2024

Bi7-xGdxFe3Ti3O21 (x = (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6)) bismuth-layered perovskite structure compounds have been successfully prepared by a solid-state reaction. The results of X-ray studies indicate that a single-phase ceramic was obtained, characterized by an orthorhombic crystal structure for all compounds within the Fm2m space group. Microstructural analysis revealed that introducing gadolinium to the material altered the grain morphology, resulting in a more rounded grain shape and a somewhat disordered arrangement. Moreover, with higher gadolinium concentrations, there is a noticeable increase in the presence of the number of large plates. Impedance spectroscopy has been used to characterize the electrical properties of Bi7-xGdxFe3Ti3O21 compounds.
High-Porosity Sieve-Type Neural Electrodes for Motor Function Recovery and Nerve Signal Acquisition
Authors: Choi Wonsuk , Park HyungDal , Oh Seonghwan , Seok Seonho , Yoon Dae Sung , Kim Jinseok
Published: July 2024

In this study, the effects of electrode porosity on nerve regeneration and functional recovery after sciatic nerve transection in rats was investigated. A sieve-type neural electrode with 70% porosity was designed and compared with an electrode with 30% porosity. Electrodes were fabricated from photosensitive polyimide and implanted into the transected sciatic nerves. Motor function recovery was evaluated using the Sciatic Function Index. The number of active channels and their signal quality were recorded and analyzed to assess the sensory neural signal acquisition. Electrical impedance spectroscopy was used to evaluate the electrode performance. The group implanted with the 70% porosity electrode demonstrated significantly enhanced nerve regeneration and motor function recovery, approaching control group levels by the fifth week. In contrast, the group with the 30% porosity electrode exhibited limited improvement. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed extensive nerve fiber growth within the 70% porous structure. Moreover, the 70% porosity electrode consistently acquired neural signals from more channels compared to the 30% porosity electrode, demonstrating its superior performance in sensory signal detection. These findings emphasize the importance of optimizing electrode porosity in the development of advanced neural interfaces, with the potential to enhance clinical outcomes in peripheral nerve repair and neuroprosthetic applications.
Characterizing Acoustic Behavior of Silicon Microchannels Separated by a Porous Wall
Authors: Hashemiesfahan Mehrnaz , Christiaens Jo Wim , Maisto Antonio , Gelin Pierre , Gardeniers Han , De Malsche Wim
Published: July 2024

Lateral flow membrane microdevices are widely used for chromatographic separation processes and diagnostics. The separation performance of microfluidic lateral membrane devices is determined by mass transfer limitations in the membrane, and in the liquid phase, mass transfer resistance is dependent on the channel dimensions and transport properties of the species separated by the membrane. We present a novel approach based on an active bulk acoustic wave (BAW) mixing method to enhance lateral transport in micromachined silicon devices. BAWs have been previously applied in channels for mixing and trapping cells and particles in single channels, but this is, to the best of our knowledge, the first instance of their application in membrane devices. Our findings demonstrate that optimal resonance is achieved with minimal influence of the pore configuration on the average lateral flow. This has practical implications for the design of microfluidic devices, as the channels connected through porous walls under the acoustic streaming act as 760 µm-wide channels rather than two 375 µm-wide channels in the context of matching the standing pressure wave criteria of the piezoelectric transducer. However, the roughness of the microchannel walls does seem to play a significant role in mixing. A roughened (black silicon) wall results in a threefold increase in average streaming flow in BAW mode, suggesting potential avenues for further optimization.
Positive Bias Temperature Instability in SiC-Based Power MOSFETs
Authors: Volosov Vladislav , Bevilacqua Santina , Anoldo Laura , Tosto Giuseppe , Fontana Enzo , Russo Alfio-lip , Fiegna Claudio , Sangiorgi Enrico , Tallarico Andrea Natale
Published: July 2024

This paper investigates the threshold voltage shift (ΔVTH) induced by positive bias temperature instability (PBTI) in silicon carbide (SiC) power MOSFETs. By analyzing ΔVTH under various gate stress voltages (VGstress) at 150 °C, distinct mechanisms are revealed: (i) trapping in the interface and/or border pre-existing defects and (ii) the creation of oxide defects and/or trapping in spatially deeper oxide states with an activation energy of ~80 meV. Notably, the adoption of different characterization methods highlights the distinct roles of these mechanisms. Moreover, the study demonstrates consistent behavior in permanent ΔVTH degradation across VGstress levels using a power law model. Overall, these findings deepen the understanding of PBTI in SiC MOSFETs, providing insights for reliability optimization.
Clonality Analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Clinical Specimens
Authors: Lestari Delly Chipta , Somboonthum Pranee , Motooka Daisuke , Ishii Eiji , Matsuda Shigeaki , Karuniawati Anis , Iida Tetsuya
Published: July 2024

Pneumococcal pneumonia is a significant cause of illness and death globally, particularly among young children and the elderly. The cpsB gene is involved in the biosynthesis of the capsule polysaccharide, and polymorphisms in the cpsB gene are the basis for sequetyping, a molecular biology-based approach to serotyping. In this study, we attempted the sequetyping of pneumococci directly from clinical sputum specimens collected from adult patients diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We performed conventional PCR for the cpsB gene, followed by TA cloning and Sanger sequencing of the amplicon. The results showed the status of clonality of pneumococci in each specimen. We also performed real-time PCR targeting pneumococci for each specimen. It revealed a significant association between the Ct value of the real-time PCR and the clonality status of pneumococci among the specimens (p-value 0.0007 by Fisher’s exact test analysis). Specifically, when the Ct value was below 22, there was a high probability that pneumococcus existed as a single clone. Thus, this study demonstrates the possible correlation between pneumococcal clonality and bacterial load in clinical specimens, which might indicate the infection status.
Mollaret’s Meningitis due to Herpes Simplex Virus 2: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Gabrielli Liliana , Banchini Isabella , Petrisli Evangelia , Piccirilli Giulia , Venturoli Simona , Pavoni Matteo , Cantiani Alessia , Lanna Federica , Campoli Caterina , Montironi Matteo , Giannella Maddalena , Lazzarotto Tiziana
Published: July 2024

Mollaret’s meningitis is a rare neurological disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of aseptic lymphocytic meningitis, often associated with herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) infection. We report the case of a 39 y.o. Italian woman who experienced four episodes of aseptic lymphocytic meningitis between 2004 and 2023, diagnosed as Mollaret’s meningitis. In each episode, the patient presented with fever, severe headache and photophobia. In two episodes cutaneous vesicles in the left gluteal area preceding meningitis symptoms were also reported. A diagnostic evaluation included a physical–chemical analysis and a real-time PCR of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The CSF presented pleocytosis with lymphocytic predominance and a positive HSV-2 load, with a peak of 1234 copies/mL. The patient was treated successfully with acyclovir, and the symptoms resolved without neurological sequelae. This case highlights the importance of comprehensive diagnostic testing and vigilant monitoring to manage Mollaret’s syndrome effectively.
Enhancing Rare Earth Element Recovery from Coal Ash Using High-Voltage Electrical Pulses and Citric Acid Leaching
Authors: Ketegenov Tlek , Kamunur Kaster , Mussapyrova Lyazzat , Batkal Aisulu , Nadirov Rashid
Published: July 2024

The study investigates the application of high-voltage electrical pulses (HVEP) as a pretreatment to enhance the leaching efficiency of rare earth elements (REE) from coal ash (CA) produced from the combustion of Ekibastuz Basin coal in Almaty, Kazakhstan. HVEP treatment was applied to the finest (<40 µm) non-magnetic fraction of CA under controlled conditions, optimizing discharge current, voltage, and treatment duration. Leaching experiments with 1 M citric acid at various solid-to-liquid ratios, temperatures, and durations were conducted on both treated and untreated samples. Results indicated that HVEP-treated CA significantly improved REE recovery rates compared to untreated samples, with optimal conditions achieving 74% cerium, 79% yttrium, and 77% lanthanum recovery. The leaching of untreated CA under the specified conditions allowed no more than 28% REE to be extracted into the solution. The leaching process was found to follow first-order kinetics, with the chemical reaction of metal dissolution being the rate-limiting step.
Insight into the Effect of Nanobubbles on Fine Muscovite Powder Flotation in Different Dodecylamine Concentrations and Stirring Intensities: Kinetics and Mechanism
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Ren Liuyi , Bao Shenxu , Zhang Yimin , Chen Guohao , Chen Bo
Published: July 2024

Flotation-introduced nanobubbles were expected to be an efficient and economical method to recover fine muscovite. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of the change appearing in flotation after introducing nanobubbles through micro-flotation, particle vision and measurement, flotation kinetics, and induction time measurement. The results of micro-flotation, which respectively feed muscovite or muscovite pretreated with nanobubbles in different concentrations of dodecylamine (DDA), were fitted with four flotation kinetic models using Origin. Different methods were used to examine how the introduction of nanobubbles affected the flotation process. The results showed that nanobubbles improved both the flotation rate and recovery of muscovite. Nanobubbles played different roles in different stirring intensities. At low stirring intensity, nanobubbles did not perform well. In suitable stirring intensity, nanobubbles helped particles aggregate and improved the collision probability between bubbles and minerals. However, at high stirring intensity, shear forces caused by ultra-high fluid velocities could disrupt particle aggregation.
Analysis of Fluorescent Carbon Nanodot Formation during Pretzel Production
Authors: Semsey Dávid , Nguyen Duyen H. H. , Törős Gréta , Muthu Arjun , Labidi Safa , El-Ramady Hassan , Béni Áron , Rai Mahendra , József Prokisch
Published: July 2024

Baked pretzels are a popular choice for a quick snack, easily identifiable by their classic twisted shape, glossy exterior, and small salt crystals sprinkled on top, making them a standout snack. However, it is not commonly known that compounds with fluorescent properties can be formed during their production. Carbon nanodots (CNDs) with an average size of 3.5 nm were isolated and identified in bakery products. This study delved into the formation of CNDs in pretzel production using a fractional factorial experimental design. The research revealed that the baking temperature had the most significant impact on the concentration of CNDs, followed by the concentration of NaOH in the immersion solution, and then the baking time. This study highlights the unique role of the NaOH immersion step, which is not typically present in bread-making processes, in facilitating the formation of CNDs. This discovery highlights the strong correlation between the formation of CNDs and the heat treatment process. Monitoring and controlling these factors is crucial for regulating the concentration of CNDs in pretzel production and understanding nanoparticle formation in processed foods for food safety.
Synthesis and Characterization of Silver-Modified Nanoporous Silica Materials for Enhanced Iodine Removal
Authors: Elmekawy Ahmed , Quach Qui , Abdel-Fattah Tarek M.
Published: July 2024

In aquatic environments, the presence of iodine species, including radioactive isotopes like 129I and I2, poses significant environmental and health concerns. Iodine can enter water resources from various sources, including nuclear accidents, medical procedures, and natural occurrences. To address this issue, the use of natural occurring nanoporous minerals, such as zeolitic materials, for iodine removal will be explored. This study focuses on the adsorption of iodine by silver-modified zeolites (13X-Ag, 5A-Ag, Chabazite-Ag, and Clinoptilolite-Ag) and evaluates their performance under different conditions. All materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopey (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), powdered X-ray diffraction (P-XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), and nitrogen adsorption studies. The results indicate that Chabazite-Ag exhibited the highest iodine adsorption capacity, with an impressive 769 mg/g, making it a viable option for iodine removal applications. 13X-Ag and 5A-Ag also demonstrated substantial adsorption capacities of 714 mg/g and 556 mg/g, respectively, though their behavior varied according to different models. In contrast, Clinoptilolite-Ag exhibited strong pH-dependent behavior, rendering it less suitable for neutral to slightly acidic conditions. Furthermore, this study explored the impact of ionic strength on iodine adsorption, revealing that Chabazite-Ag is efficient in low-salinity environments with an iodine adsorption capacity of 51.80 mg/g but less effective in saline conditions. 5A-Ag proved to be a versatile option for various water treatments, maintaining its iodine adsorption capacity across different salinity levels. In contrast, Clinoptilolite-Ag exhibited high sensitivity to ionic competition, virtually losing its iodine adsorption ability at a NaCl concentration of 0.1 M. Kinetic studies indicated that the pseudo-second-order model best describes the adsorption process, suggesting chemisorption mechanisms dominate iodine removal. Chabazite-Ag exhibited the highest initial adsorption rate with a k2 value of 0.002 mg g−1 h−1, emphasizing its superior adsorption capabilities. Chabazite and Clinoptilolite, naturally occurring minerals, provide eco-friendly solutions for iodine adsorption. Chabazite superior iodine removal highlights its value in critical applications and its potential for addressing pressing environmental challenges.
Panax notoginseng: Pharmacological Aspects and Toxicological Issues
Authors: Mancuso Cesare
Published: July 2024

Current evidence suggests a beneficial role of herbal products in free radical-induced diseases. Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen has long occupied a leading position in traditional Chinese medicine because of the ergogenic, nootropic, and antistress activities, although these properties are also acknowledged in the Western world. The goal of this paper is to review the pharmacological and toxicological properties of P. notoginseng and discuss its potential therapeutic effect. A literature search was carried out on Pubmed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. The following search terms were used: “notoginseng”, “gut microbiota”, “immune system”, “inflammation”, “cardiovascular system”, “central nervous system”, “metabolism”, “cancer”, and “toxicology”. Only peer-reviewed articles written in English, with the full text available, have been included. Preclinical evidence has unraveled the P. notoginseng pharmacological effects in immune-inflammatory, cardiovascular, central nervous system, metabolic, and neoplastic diseases by acting on several molecular targets. However, few clinical studies have confirmed the therapeutic properties of P. notoginseng, mainly as an adjuvant in the conventional treatment of cardiovascular disorders. Further clinical studies, which both confirm the efficacy of P. notoginseng in free radical-related diseases and delve into its toxicological aspects, are mandatory to broaden its therapeutic potential.