bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pearls before swine flu: Crisis and the politics of resilience in Cabo Pulmo, BCS, Mexico
Authors: Anderson Ryan B.
Published: June 2023

This article employs a long‐term historical and anthropological perspective to examine questions of resilience through a case study of Cabo Pulmo, BCS, Mexico. Using the recent COVID‐19 crisis as a starting point, this article discusses the crises, shocks, booms, and busts that have affected and shaped the people, landscapes, and ecologies of the coastline that now includes Cabo Pulmo. While the community of Cabo Pulmo has been able to withstand several crises and disruptions, and could be considered “resilient” in many senses, I argue that this resilience is ongoing and conditional. Furthermore, the production of this resilience in Cabo Pulmo is highly contingent upon a strategic politics, enacted by the local community, that establishes, protects, and maintains claims to both land and place. Resilience, I argue, can be seen as an ongoing politics and strategic positionality, rooted in historical relations and connections to place, that people seek to create, maintain, and deploy at various scales to mediate and resist periodic shocks, threats, and disruptions.
In‐silico hemodynamic ramp testing of ventricular assist device implanted patients using acausal cardiovascular‐VAD modeling
Authors: Mehmood Khunsha , Arshad Munam , Lazoglu Ismail , Küçükaksu Deniz Süha , Bakuy Vedat
Published: June 2023

Background

While cardiovascular system and mechanical circulatory support devices are efficiently model the effect of disease and assistance, they can also lend valuable insights into clinical procedures. This study demonstrates the use of a CVS‐VAD model for an invasive procedure; hemodynamic ramp testing, in‐silico.

Methods

The CVS model is developed using validated models in literature, using Simscape™. An analytically derived pump model is calibrated for the HeartWare VAD. Dilated cardiomyopathy is used as an illustrative example of heart failure, and heart failure patients are created virtually by calibrating the model with requisite disease parameters obtained from published patient data. A clinically applied ramp study protocol is adopted whereby speed optimization is performed following clinically accepted hemodynamic normalization criteria. Trends in hemodynamic variables in response to pump speed increments are obtained. Optimal speed ranges are obtained for the three virtual patients based on target values of central venous pressure (CVP), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), cardiac output (CO), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) for hemodynamic stabilization.

Results

Appreciable speed changes in the mild case (300 rpm), slight changes in the moderate case (100 rpm), and no changes in the simulated severe case are possible.

Conclusion

The study demonstrates a novel application of cardiovascular modeling using an open‐source acausal model, which can be potentially beneficial for medical education and research.
Editorial: improving the use of Montreal classification through a bidirectional approach
Authors: Hartley Imogen , Lee Tanya , Ding Nik S.
Published: June 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Bokemeyer et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17512
Editorial: non‐invasive diagnosis of alcohol‐related steatohepatitis in patients ongoing alcohol withdrawal based on cytokeratin 18 and transient elastography
Authors: Thomsen Karen L. , Gronbaek Henning
Published: June 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Chalin et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17515https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17339
Editorial: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic model for vonoprazan—a step forward to precision medicine
Authors: Gatta Luigi
Published: June 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Scarpignato et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17510
Editorial: elderly onset inflammatory bowel disease ‐ clues from the largest population‐based cohort study
Authors: Estevinho Maria Manuela , Magro Fernando
Published: June 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Nørgård et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17520
Letter: expanding the role for decision aids in IBD into pregnancy‐related topics
Authors: Chan Patrick , Connor Susan , Huang Vivian , Karimi Neda , Williams Astrid‐Jane
Published: June 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Zisman‐Ilani et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17286
Letter: Post‐COVID‐19 disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBI)—just post‐infectious or a multifaceted entity? Authors' reply
Authors: Marasco Giovanni , Maida Marcello , Cremon Cesare , Barbaro Maria R. , Stanghellini Vincenzo , Barbara Giovanni
Published: June 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Marasco et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17513 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17549
Accuracy of ultrasound, bioelectrical impedance analysis and anthropometry as point‐of‐care measurements of skeletal muscle mass in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Nguyen Anke L. , Burns Megan , Herath Madhuni , Lambell Kate , Holt Darcy , Fitzpatrick Jessica , Milat Frances , Ebeling Peter R. , Gibson Peter R. , Moore Gregory T.
Published: June 2023

Background

Disturbance of skeletal muscle mass has clinically important implications in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but accurate quantification requires radiation‐intense techniques.

Aims

We aimed to compare point‐of‐care muscle assessments and their change with therapy with those using reference‐standard whole‐body dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA).

Methods

Adult patients with IBD and healthy controls underwent prospective assessment of muscularity by ultrasound of the dominant arm and both thighs, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), anthropometric measurements, and DXA. Patients with active IBD were assessed again ≥13 weeks after initiating biologic induction therapy.

Results

In 54 patients with IBD and 30 controls, all muscle assessments correlated significantly with DXA‐derived skeletal muscle index (SMI). In IBD, ultrasound of the arm and legs had the best agreement with DXA‐derived SMI (mean difference 0 kg/m2, 95% limits of agreement −1.3 to 1.3), while BIA overestimated DXA‐derived SMI by 1.07 (−0.16 to +2.30) kg/m2. In 17 patients who underwent biologic therapy, the percentage change in DXA‐derived SMI correlated significantly with the percentage change in all other muscle assessment techniques. Responders (n = 9) increased SMI from baseline to follow‐up when derived from DXA (mean 7.8–8.5 kg/m2, p = 0.004), ultrasound of the arm and legs (300–343 cm2, p = 0.021) and BIA (9.2–9.6 kg/m2, p = 0.011).

Conclusions

Ultrasound of the arm and legs out‐performed other point‐of‐care methods in its accuracy of measuring muscle mass. All methods, except mid‐arm circumference, were responsive to therapy‐induced change. Ultrasound is the preferred non‐invasive test for measuring muscle mass in patients with IBD.
Vascular anatomical study of persistent descending mesocolon in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer
Authors: Nitta Takeo , Ikeda Atsushi , Sumikawa Sosuke , Sasaki Kuniaki , Kitagami Hidehiko , Kusumi Takaya , Nishida Yasunori , Hosokawa Masao , Hirano Satoshi
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Persistent descending mesocolon (PDM) is a rare congenital atypia of fixation of the descending colon, and currently, very few detailed studies exist on its vascular anatomy. This study was conducted to evaluate the features of the vascular anatomy of PDM to help avoid intraoperative lethal injury and subsequent postoperative complications in laparoscopic colorectal surgery.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the data of 534 patients who underwent laparoscopic left‐sided colorectal surgery. PDM was diagnosed using preoperative axial computed tomography (CT) view. The vascular anatomical features were compared between PDM and non‐PDM cases based on three‐dimensional (3D)‐CT angiography findings. Additionally, the perioperative short‐term outcomes of laparoscopic surgery in the 534 patients were also compared between PDM and non‐PDM cases.

Results

Of the total 534 patients, 13 patients (2.4%) presented with PDM. No branching pattern of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) specific to PDM was found. In the running direction of the IMA and sigmoidal colic artery (SA), the midline‐shift of IMA and the right‐shift of SA were significantly more in PDM than in non‐PDM cases, respectively (38.5% vs. 2.5%, P ≤ .0001; 61.5% vs. 4.6%, P ≤ .0001). The perioperative short‐term outcomes of laparoscopic surgery in the 534 patients were similar between PDM and non‐PDM cases.

Conclusion

Because changes in the direction of the vascular running are often observed due to adhesions and shortening of the mesentery in PDM cases, performing a detailed preoperative evaluation of vascular anatomy using imaging modalities such as 3D‐CT angiography is important.
Defective T‐cell response to COVID‐19 vaccination in acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Loke Justin , Upasani Vinit , Gaskell Charlotte , Fox Sonia , Fletcher Rachel , Thomas Catherine , Hopkins Louise , Kumari Anita , Tang Tina , Yafai Emily , Boucher Rebecca , Homer Victoria , Toth Arpad , Chan Y. L. Tracey , Randall Katie , Rider Tom , O'Nions Jenny , Drew Victoria , Pillai Arvind , Dungarwalla Moez , Murray Duncan , Khan Anjum , Wandroo Farooq , Moore Sally , Krishnamurthy Pramila , Huang Ya‐Wen Jessica , Knapper Steve , Byrne Jenny , Zhao Rui , Craddock Charles , Parry Helen , Moss Paul , Stanworth Simon J. , Lowe David M.
Published: June 2023

Limited data exist on COVID‐19 vaccination efficacy in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplasia with excess blasts (AML/MDS‐EB2). We report results from a prospective study, PACE (Patients with AML and COVID‐19 Epidemiology). 93 patients provided samples post‐vaccine 2 or 3 (PV2, PV3). Antibodies against SARS‐COV‐2 spike antigen were detectable in all samples. Neutralization of the omicron variant was poorer than ancestral variants but improved PV3. In contrast, adequate T‐cell reactivity to SARS‐COV‐2 spike protein was seen in only 16/47 (34%) patients PV2 and 23/52 (44%) PV3. Using regression models, disease response (not in CR/Cri), and increasing age predicted poor T cell response.
CD30 induces Reed‐Sternberg cell‐like morphology and chromosomal instability in classic Hodgkin lymphoma cell lines
Authors: Watanabe Mariko , Hatsuse Hiromi , Nagao Kazuaki , Nakashima Makoto , Uchimaru Kaoru , Otsu Makoto , Miyazaki Koji , Horie Ryouichi
Published: June 2023

Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is characterized by multinucleated cells called Reed‐Sternberg (RS) cells and genetic complexity. Although CD30 also characterizes cHL cells, its biological roles are not fully understood. In this report, we examined the link between CD30 and these characteristics of cHL cells. CD30 stimulation increased multinucleated cells resembling RS cells. We found chromatin bridges, a cause of mitotic errors, among the nuclei of multinucleated cells. CD30 stimulation induced DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) and chromosomal imbalances. RNA sequencing showed significant changes in the gene expression by CD30 stimulation. We found that CD30 stimulation increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induced DSBs and multinucleated cells with chromatin bridges. The PI3K pathway was responsible for CD30‐mediated generation of multinucleated cells by ROS. These results suggest that CD30 involves generation of RS cell‐like multinucleated cells and chromosomal instability through induction of DSBs by ROS, which subsequently induces chromatin bridges and mitotic error. The results link CD30 not only to the morphological features of cHL cells, but also to the genetic complexity, both of which are characteristic of cHL cells.
Cheating and the effect of promises in Indian and German children
Authors: Kanngiesser Patricia , Sunderarajan Jahnavi , Woike Jan K.
Published: June 2023

Cheating is harmful to others and society at large. Promises have been shown to increase honesty in children, but their effectiveness has not been compared between different cultural contexts. In a study (2019) with 7‐ to 12‐year‐olds (N = 406, 48% female, middle‐class), voluntary promises reduced cheating in Indian, but not in German children. Children in both contexts cheated, but cheating rates were lower in Germany than in India. In both contexts, cheating decreased with age in the (no‐promise) control condition and was unaffected by age in the promise condition. These findings suggest that there may exist a threshold beyond which cheating cannot be further reduced by promises. This opens new research avenues on how children navigate honesty and promise norms.
Defragmenting Learning
Authors: Kapatsinski Vsevolod
Published: June 2023

In the 1990s, language acquisition researchers and theoretical linguists developed an interest in learning mechanisms, and learning theorists rediscovered the verbal learning tradition. Nonetheless, learning theory and language acquisition continued to develop largely independently, which has stymied progress in both fields. However, exciting progress is happening in applying learning theory to language, and, more recently, in using language learning data to advance domain‐general learning theory. These developments raise hopes for a bidirectional flow of information between the fields. The importance of language data for learning theory and of learning theory for understanding language is briefly discussed.
Tackling the anxiety of learning statistics: The mystery of the red envelope
Authors: Robinson Melanie A. , Soublière Jean‐François , Agogué Marine , Grégoire Denis A. , Rua Tuvana , Plourde Yves
Published: June 2023

Most graduate programs in management require students to carry out a substantive research project. However, few management students have a comfortable command of the statistical techniques needed to realize such quantitative projects. This can lead to student anxiety and stress, which challenges instructors to devise ways to build students’ self‐efficacy with statistical analysis. Drawing on game‐based learning principles, we developed an exercise to help students in a graduate‐level research methods course practice these statistical techniques. Designed around a series of four gamified challenges, students perform basic statistical analyses (correlations, t‐tests, and simple linear regression) to solve puzzles and unlock a reward hidden in a mysterious red envelope. We used the exercise on seven occasions (five times in the methods course and twice in a graduate program preparatory course). After launching it in fall 2021, we observed that students were engaged and enthusiastic about the exercise. To ascertain its effectiveness more systematically, we collected data in five subsequent sections using a pretest/posttest design (N = 84) which showed that perceptions of statistics self‐efficacy increased following the exercise. We conclude by suggesting that our exercise can be tailored to other learning contexts such as management and statistics‐centered courses.
The relationship between ascending aortic diameter with left atrial functions and left ventricular mass index in a population with normal left ventricular systolic function
Authors: Ergül Elif , Özyıldız Ali Gökhan , Emlek Nadir , Özyıldız Afag , Durak Hüseyin , Duman Hakan
Published: June 2023

Aim

Ascending aortic dilatation is a common clinical issue. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between ascending aortic diameter with left ventricular (LV) and left atrial (LA) functions, and LV mass index (LVMI) in a population with normal LV systolic function.

Methods

A total of 127 healthy participants with normal LV systolic function took part in the study. Echocardiographic measurements were obtained from each subject.

Results

The mean age of the participants was 43 ± 14.1 years and 76 (59.8%) were female. The mean aortic diameter of the participants was 32.2 ± 4.7 mm. A negative correlation was found between aortic diameter and LV systolic function (LVEF r = ‐.516, p < .001; Gls r = ‐.370). In addition, there was a strong positive correlation between aortic diameter with LV wall thicknesses, LVMI (r = .745, p < .001), and systolic and diastolic diameters. The relationship between aortic diameter and diastolic parameters was evaluated, a negative correlation with Mitral E, Em, E/A ratio, and a positive correlation with MPI, Mitral A, Am, E/Em ratio were found.

Conclusion

A strong correlation between ascending aortic diameter with LV and LA functions, and LVMI in individuals with normal LV systolic function.
Climate–ecosystem modelling made easy: The Land Sites Platform
Authors: Keetz Lasse T. , Lieungh Eva , Karimi‐Asli Kaveh , Geange Sonya R. , Gelati Emiliano , Tang Hui , Yilmaz Yeliz A. , Aas Kjetil S. , Althuizen Inge H. J. , Bryn Anders , Falk Stefanie , Fisher Rosie , Fouilloux Anne , Horvath Peter , Indrehus Sunniva , Lee Hanna , Lombardozzi Danica , Parmentier Frans‐Jan W. , Pirk Norbert , Vandvik Vigdis , Vollsnes Ane V. , Skarpaas Olav , Stordal Frode , Tallaksen Lena M.
Published: June 2023

Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs) provide a state‐of‐the‐art process‐based approach to study the complex interplay between vegetation and its physical environment. For example, they help to predict how terrestrial plants interact with climate, soils, disturbance and competition for resources. We argue that there is untapped potential for the use of DGVMs in ecological and ecophysiological research. One fundamental barrier to realize this potential is that many researchers with relevant expertize (ecology, plant physiology, soil science, etc.) lack access to the technical resources or awareness of the research potential of DGVMs. Here we present the Land Sites Platform (LSP): new software that facilitates single‐site simulations with the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator, an advanced DGVM coupled with the Community Land Model. The LSP includes a Graphical User Interface and an Application Programming Interface, which improve the user experience and lower the technical thresholds for installing these model architectures and setting up model experiments. The software is distributed via version‐controlled containers; researchers and students can run simulations directly on their personal computers or servers, with relatively low hardware requirements, and on different operating systems. Version 1.0 of the LSP supports site‐level simulations. We provide input data for 20 established geo‐ecological observation sites in Norway and workflows to add generic sites from public global datasets. The LSP makes standard model experiments with default data easily achievable (e.g., for educational or introductory purposes) while retaining flexibility for more advanced scientific uses. We further provide tools to visualize the model input and output, including simple examples to relate predictions to local observations. The LSP improves access to land surface and DGVM modelling as a building block of community cyberinfrastructure that may inspire new avenues for mechanistic ecosystem research across disciplines.
Use of novel postharvest Aloe vera gel coating for suppression of ripening changes in Asian pears during long‐term cold storage
Authors: Adhikary Trina , Gill Parmpal Singh , Jawandha Sukhjit Kaur
Published: June 2023

The impact of Aloe vera gel (AVG) coatings (0%, 25%, 50% and 75%) was evaluated on the ripening‐related quality parameters in ‘Patharnakh’ pear fruit during long‐term cold storage (0 ± 1 °C and 90–95% RH). Results showed that AVG coating extended the storage life of fruit by minimising mass loss, decay index, respiration rate, polyphenol oxidase activity, softening enzyme activities like pectin methylesterase (PME) polygalacturonase (PG) and cellulase and maintaining the preliminary sensory quality (SQ), firmness, soluble solid content (SSC), total phenols, titratable acidity (TA) over the control. Among all AVG treatments, 75% AVG treatment was found most promising for suppressing mass long, lowering respiration rate and preserved overall fruit quality up to 60 days of cold storage in ‘Patharnakh’ pear fruit. Hence, AVG proved as an alternative to non‐edible coatings for extending the pear's marketable span and cutting down the adverse effects of health and environmental hazards.
Listeria monocytogenes at the food–human interface: A review of risk factors influencing transmission and consumer exposure in Africa
Authors: Sibanda Thulani , Ntuli Victor , Neetoo Swaleha Hudaa , Habib Ihab , Njage Patrick Murigu Kamau , Parry‐Hanson Kunadu Angela , Andoh Anthonia Helga , Coorey Ranil , Buys Elna M.
Published: June 2023

In African public health systems, Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogen of relatively low priority. Yet, the biggest listeriosis outbreak recorded to date occurred in Africa in 2018. This review highlights the factors that potentially impact L. monocytogenes transmission risks through African food value chains (FVCs). With the high rate of urbanisation, African FVCs have become spatially longer yet still informal. At the same time, dietary diversifications have resulted in increased consumption of processed ready‐to‐eat (RTE) meat, poultry, fishery and dairy products typically associated with a higher risk of L. monocytogenes consumer exposure. With frequent cold chain challenges, the potential of L. monocytogenes growth in contaminated RTE foods can further amplify consumer exposure risks. Moreover, the high prevalence of untreated HIV infections, endemic anaemia, high fertility rate and a gradually increasing proportion of elderly persons expands the fraction of listeriosis‐susceptible groups among African populations. With already warmer tropical conditions, the projected climate change‐induced increases in ambient temperatures are likely to exacerbate listeriosis risks in Africa. As precautionary approaches, African countries should implement systems for the detection and reporting of listeriosis cases and food safety regulations that provide L. monocytogenes standards and limits in high‐risk RTE foods.
Development of simultaneous antioxidant and visual pH‐sensing films based on guar gum loaded with Aronia melanocarpa extract
Authors: Aydogdu Emir Ayca , Yildiz Eda , Oz Emel , Amarowicz Ryszard , Proestos Charalampos , Khan Mohammad Rizwan , Elobeid Tahra , Oz Fatih
Published: June 2023

Anthocyanins have attracted increasing attention for different packaging systems due to having functional features such as biocompatibility, antioxidative activity, visible colour response at varying pH values. In this study, the extract of Aronia melanocarpa as anthocyanins source was incorporated into guar gum films to take advantage of both antioxidant and pH responsive attributes. Aronia addition did not affect the thermal stability of guar gum films. Radical scavenging activity of the films (%) was measured by 2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, and aronia added films exhibited very strong antioxidant activity (up to 85%). The colour of aronia solution varied from pink to brown with pH ranging from 1 to 13. Similarly, when the films were immersed in buffer solutions at different pH values, the visual colour varied from pink to brownish yellow. ΔE values of GR_AR_3 (guar gum films having the highest aronia concentration) ranged between 23.31 and 40.62 at pH 1–13. This result proved colour change of the films can be even detected by untrained consumers. Furthermore, the films were found to be very sensitive to ammonia vapour. Aronia incorporated guar gum films could be suggested as both antioxidant films to prevent foods oxidation from oxidation and promising intelligent films to monitor the deterioration of foods.
Nigerian women seeking asylum in England on grounds of sexual violence
Authors: Ajayi Chinyere Elsie
Published: June 2023

This study aims to give voice to the experiences of Nigerian women seeking asylum in the UK on the grounds of sexual violence. It draws upon in‐depth narrative interviews with 10 Nigerian women, aged between 27 and 46, seeking asylum on the grounds of sexual violence. Women's accounts were analysed thematically, and the contextual factors that influenced the outcome of their asylum claims were explored. Findings show that women's asylum applications were affected by factors relating to lack of evidence, use of words and/or phrases that do not align with the English language meaning of sexual violence, Home Office's lack of understanding of cultural issues specific to women and peculiarity of women's narrative construction and the decommissioning of legal assistance. Findings also suggest that asylum organisations play a key role in providing holistic support to women. Recommendations are made for the Home Office's policies following these findings.
The high costs of outsourcing: Vendor errors, customer mistreatment, and well‐being in call centers
Authors: O'Brady Sean , Doellgast Virginia , Blatter David
Published: June 2023

We analyze the impact of outsourcing on the well‐being of internal call center employees in the U.S. telecommunications industry. Our findings draw on mixed‐methods data. The qualitative findings suggest that internal employees experienced escalating job demands connected to errors by third‐party call center vendors and their employees due to additional work and intensified customer frustrations. SEM results show sequential mediation between the time internal employees spent correcting vendor errors, customer mistreatment of employees, emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction, and absenteeism. Employee autonomy over customer‐related decisions appeared to help workers manage these job demands and their effects on well‐being.
RETRACTED: Wound cosmesis problems and other postoperative problems of laparoscopic compared to open paediatric inguinal hernia repair: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Qiyu , Liu Siyuan , Ma Xuemei , Yu Jiaping
Published: June 2023

A meta‐analysis research was executed to appraise the wound cosmesis problems and other postoperative problems of laparoscopic compared to open paediatric inguinal hernia (IH) repair. Inclusive literature research until March 2023 was done and 869 interconnected researches were revised. The 11 picked researches enclosed 3718 paediatric inguinal hernia were in the utilised researches' starting point, 1948 of them were utilising laparoscopic IH repairs, and 1770 were utilising open IH repairs. Odds ratios (ORs) in addition to 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were utilised to appraise the wound cosmesis problems and other postoperative problems of laparoscopic compared to open paediatric IH repairs by dichotomous approaches and a fixed or random model. Laparoscopic IH repairs had significantly lower wound cosmesis problems (OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.16–0.52, P < .001), metachronous contralateral inguinal hernia (MCIH) (OR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.03–0.49, P = .003), recurrence (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.34–0.99, P = .04) and postoperative problems (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.17–0.73, P = .005), and higher wound score (OR, 12.80; 95% CI, 10.09–15.51, P < .001) compared to open paediatric IH. Laparoscopic IH repairs had significantly lower wound cosmesis problems, MCIH, recurrence, and postoperative problems, and a higher wound score compared to open paediatric IH. However, when interacting with its values, caution must be taken since much of the research had low sample sizes.
Scale dependency in fish beta diversity–hydrology linkages in lowland rivers
Authors: Rolls Robert J. , Wolfenden Ben , Heino Jani , Butler Gavin L. , Thiem Jason D.
Published: June 2023

Aim

A key aspect of biodiversity research is to determine the environmental drivers affecting the degree to which ecological assemblages vary in space (beta diversity). The strength and significance of environmental drivers of beta diversity is, however, influenced by the spatial extent over which beta diversity is assessed. Beta diversity of riverine biota is affected by flow variability. We examined hydrology–beta diversity relationships at two spatial extents (reaches vs. entire systems) within rivers to determine if relationships with hydrological variables are scale dependent or generalisable across spatial scales.

Location

Murray–Darling Basin, Australia.

Taxon

Freshwater fish.

Methods

Fish assemblage data were sourced from two monitoring programmes that sampled sites annually during 2014–2019 and spanned either reaches (<100 km) or the broader ‘system’ extent (>1000 km) of five tributaries. Beta diversity was examined by calculating pairwise (incidence and abundance) dissimilarities for each year to compare temporal trends in beta diversity. Multi‐site dissimilarities were modelled against hydrological variables using beta regression.

Results

Inter‐annual change in assemblage composition was detected only at the extent of river reaches but not at the extent of river systems. Temporal variation in within‐river beta diversity showed inconsistent patterns when compared between the two spatial extents. Within‐river beta diversity relationships with hydrological gradients were inconsistent among rivers. Overall, statistical models explained much more variation in within‐river beta diversity when assessed at the reach extent when compared to broader river system extents.

Main Conclusions

Our findings highlight that changes in within‐river beta diversity are likely to depend on the spatial extent of sampling. Furthermore, inconsistent beta diversity–hydrology relationships among rivers suggest that both empirical evidence and theoretical predictions adopted in ecohydrology may not be transferable among river systems.
Environmental and structural factors driving poor quality of care: An examination of nursing homes serving Black residents
Authors: Travers Jasmine L. , Castle Nicholas , Weaver Susan H. , Perera Uduwanage G. , Wu Bei , Dick Andrew W. , Stone Patricia W.
Published: June 2023

Background

Poor quality of care in nursing homes (NHs) with high proportions of Black residents has been a problem in the US and even more pronounced during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Federal and state agencies are devoting attention to identifying the best means of improving care in the neediest facilities. It is important to understand environmental and structural characteristics that may have led to poor healthcare outcomes in NHs serving high proportions of Black residents pre‐pandemic.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional observational study using multiple 2019 national datasets. Our exposure was the proportion of Black residents in a NH (i.e., none, <5%, 5%–19.9%, 20–49.9%, ≥50%). Healthcare outcomes examined were hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits, both observed and risk‐adjusted. Structural factors included staffing, ownership status, bed count (0–49, 50–149, or ≥150), chain organization membership, occupancy, and percent Medicaid as a payment source. Environmental factors included region and urbanicity. Descriptive and multivariable linear regression models were estimated.

Results

In the 14,121 NHs, compared to NHs with no Black residents, NHs with ≥50% Black residents tended to be urban, for‐profit, located in the South, have more Medicaid‐funded residents, and have lower ratios of registered‐nurse (RN) and aide hours per resident per day (HPRD) and greater ratios of licensed practical nurse HPRD. In general, as the proportion of Black residents in a NH increased, hospitalizations and ED visits also increased.

Discussion/Implications

As lower use of RNs has been associated with increased ED visits and hospitalizations in NHs generally, it is likely low RN use largely drove the differences in hospitalizations and ED visits in NHs with greater proportions of Black residents. Staffing is an area in which state and federal agencies should take action to improve the quality of care in NHs with larger proportions of Black residents.
A note on the social efficiency of free entry in Cournot oligopoly in a pure network goods market
Authors: Toshimitsu Tsuyoshi
Published: June 2023

We explore the social efficiency of free entry in a pure network goods market where Cournot oligopolistic competition prevails and consumers have passive expectations. Focusing on network compatibility between firms, we consider the cases of two network systems: a firm‐specific system and a single industry‐wide network system. We demonstrate the following results. In the firm‐specific network system, the number of firms under free entry is socially excessive compared with the second‐best criteria. However, in the single industry‐wide network system, if the elasticity of network effects in relation to the expected network sizes is sufficiently large, the number of firms under free entry is socially insufficient compared with the second‐best criteria. Otherwise, socially excessive entry arises. We also examine the same issue in the case of a mixed network goods market.
Multispecies coinfections and presence of antibiotics shape resistance and fitness costs in a pathogenic bacterium
Authors: Ashrafi Roghaieh , Bruneaux Matthieu , Sundberg Lotta‐Riina , Hoikkala Ville , Karvonen Anssi
Published: June 2023

Increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a challenge for treatment of bacterial diseases. In real life, bacterial infections are typically embedded within complex multispecies communities and influenced by the environment, which can shape costs and benefits of AMR. However, knowledge of such interactions and their implications for AMR in vivo is limited. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated fitness‐related traits of a pathogenic bacterium (Flavobacterium columnare) in its fish host, capturing the effects of bacterial antibiotic resistance, coinfections between bacterial strains and metazoan parasites (fluke Diplostomum pseudospathaceum) and antibiotic exposure. We quantified real‐time replication and virulence of sensitive and resistant bacteria and demonstrate that both bacteria can benefit from coinfection in terms of persistence and replication, depending on the coinfecting partner and antibiotic presence. We also show that antibiotics can benefit resistant bacteria by increasing bacterial replication under coinfection with flukes. These results emphasize the importance of diverse, inter‐kingdom coinfection interactions and antibiotic exposure in shaping costs and benefits of AMR, supporting their role as significant contributors to spread and long‐term persistence of resistance.
Modulation of bacterial membrane proteins activity by clustering into plasma membrane nanodomains
Authors: Dupuy Pierre , Gutierrez Claude , Neyrolles Olivier
Published: June 2023

Recent research has demonstrated specific protein clustering within membrane subdomains in bacteria, challenging the long‐held belief that prokaryotes lack these subdomains. This mini review provides examples of bacterial membrane protein clustering, discussing the benefits of protein assembly in membranes and highlighting how clustering regulates protein activity.
Frontstage nursing and backstage growth: The emotional labour of student nurses in Dutch nursing homes
Authors: Slootman Marieke , Mudde Anne L. , The Anne‐Mei
Published: June 2023

The complex emotional work of nurses calls for more recognition of emotional labour and the incorporation of emotional labour in nursing education. Based on participant observation and semistructured interviews, we describe the experiences of student nurses in two nursing homes for elderly people with dementia in the Netherlands. We analyse their interactions using Goffman's dramaturgical view on the front and backstage behaviour and the distinction between surface acting and deep acting. The study reveals the complexity of emotional labour, as nurses swiftly adapt their communication styles and behavioural strategies between settings, patients, and even between moments within one interaction sequence, which shows that the theoretical binaries fail to fully capture their skills. Although student nurses take pride in their emotionally taxing work, the societal undervaluation of the nursing profession negatively impacts their self‐image and ambitions. More explicit recognition of these complexities would enhance their self‐appreciation. This calls for a professional ‘backstage area’ that allows nurses to articulate and strengthen their emotional labour skills. Educational institutions should provide this backstage for nurses‐in‐training to strengthen these skills as part of the professional skill set.
The relationship between central and mid‐peripheral motion perception and the hazard perception test in younger and older adults
Authors: Sepulveda Juan A. , Wood Joanne M. , Lacherez Philippe , Anderson Andrew J. , McKendrick Allison M.
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Vision standards for driving are typically based on visual acuity, despite evidence that it is a poor predictor of driving safety and performance. However, visual motion perception is potentially relevant for driving, as the vehicle and surroundings are in motion. This study explored whether tests of central and mid‐peripheral motion perception better predict performance on a hazard perception test (HPT), which is related to driving performance and crash risk, than visual acuity. Additionally, we explored whether age influences these associations, as healthy ageing impairs performance on some motion sensitivity tests.

Methods

Sixty‐five visually healthy drivers (35 younger, mean age: 25.5; SD 4.3 years; 30 older adults, mean age: 71.0; SD 5.4 years) underwent a computer‐based HPT, plus four different motion sensitivity tests both centrally and at 15° eccentricity. Motion tests included minimum displacement to identify motion direction (Dmin), contrast detection threshold for a drifting Gabor (motion contrast), coherence threshold for a translational global motion stimulus and direction discrimination for a biological motion stimulus in the presence of noise.

Results

Overall, HPT reaction times were not significantly different between age groups (p = 0.40) nor were maximum HPT reaction times (p = 0.34). HPT response time was associated with motion contrast and Dmin centrally (r = 0.30, p = 0.02 and r = 0.28, p = 0.02, respectively) and with Dmin peripherally (r = 0.34, p = 0.005); these associations were not affected by age group. There was no significant association between binocular visual acuity and HPT response times (r = 0.02, p = 0.29).

Conclusions

Some measures of motion sensitivity in central and mid‐peripheral vision were associated with HPT response times, whereas binocular visual acuity was not. Peripheral testing did not show an advantage over central testing for visually healthy older drivers. Our findings add to the growing body of evidence that the ability to detect small motion changes may have potential to identify unsafe road users.
The “allergic nose as a pollen detector” concept: e‐Diaries to predict pollen trends
Authors: Matricardi Paolo Maria , Hoffmann Tara , Dramburg Stephanie
Published: June 2023

Hirst pollen traps and operator pollen recognition are worldwide used by aerobiologists, providing essential services for the diagnosis and monitoring of allergic patients. More recently, semiautomated or fully automated detector systems have been developed, which facilitate prediction of pollen exposure and risk for the individual patient. In parallel, smartphone apps consisting of short questionnaires filled in daily by the patient/user provide daily scores, time trajectories, and descriptive reports of the severity of respiratory allergies in patients with pollen allergy. The usual scientific and clinical approach to this matter is to monitor the environment (pollen concentration) in order to predict the risk of symptoms (allergic rhinitis) in a population. We discuss here the opposite, contraintuitive possibility, that is, the use of e‐diaries to collect daily information of mono‐sensitized pollen‐allergic patients in order to predict the clinically efficient airborne exposure to a given pollen, area, and time period. In line with the “Patient as Sensor” concept, proposed in 2013 by Bernd Resch, the “allergic nose” may be used as a pollen detector in addition to existing calibrated hardware sensors, namely the pollen stations, thus contributing with individual measurements, sensations, and symptoms' perception. The target of this review is to present a novel concept of pollen monitoring based on “pollen‐detector” patients to inspire future cooperative studies aimed at investigating and hopefully validating our hypothesis.
Nitric oxide regulates mitochondrial biogenesis in plants
Authors: Kumari Aprajita , Kaladhar Vemula Chandra , Yadav Nidhi , Singh Pooja , Reddy Kishorekumar , Gupta Kapuganti Jagadis
Published: June 2023

The site of nitric oxide (NO) production in mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase and the role of NO in mitochondrial biogenesis are not known in plants. By imposing osmotic stress and recovery on Arabidopsis seedlings we investigated the site of NO production and its role in mitochondrial biogenesis. Osmotic stress reduced growth and mitochondrial number while increasing NO production. During the recovery phase the mitochondrial number increased and this increase was higher in wild type and the high NO‐producing Pgb1 silencing line in comparison to the NO‐deficient nitrate reductase double mutant (nia1/nia2). Application of nitrite stimulated NO production and mitochondrial number in the nia1/nia2 mutant. Osmotic stress induced COX6b−3 and COA6‐L genes encoding subunits of COX. The mutants cox6b‐3 and coa6‐l were impaired both in NO production and mitochondrial number during stress to recovery suggesting the involvement of these subunits in nitrite‐dependent NO production. Transcripts encoding the mitochondrial protein import machinery showed reduced expression in cox6b‐3 and coa6‐l mutants. Finally, COX6b‐3 and COA6‐L interacted with the VQ27 motif‐containing protein in the presence of NO. The vq27 mutant was impaired in mitochondrial biogenesis. Our results suggest the involvement of COX derived NO in mitochondrial biogenesis.
The inclusion of engineered ZnO nanoparticles and bulk ZnSO4 in the growth medium distinctively modulate the root and leaf metabolome in bean plants
Authors: Salehi Hajar , Chehregani Rad Abdolkarim , Miras‐Moreno Begoña , Lucini Luigi
Published: June 2023

Together with toxicity, beneficial effects on plant growth have been ascribed to nanoparticles (NPs). This study aimed to survey the growth performance and metabolome adjustment of beans grown in a growth medium containing ZnONPs at different concentrations and compared with bulk ZnSO4 as a positive control. Growth parameters showed a reduction in shoot height starting from the lowest (25 mg L−1) concentration of ZnONPs. In comparison, growth was inhibited from 50 mg L−1 ZnSO4, suggesting more toxic effects of nano forms of Zn. Untargeted metabolomics allowed us to unravel the biochemical processes involved in both promising and detrimental aspects. Multivariate statistics indicated that the tested Zn species substantially and distinctively altered the metabolic profile of both roots and leaves, with more metabolites altered in the former (435) compared with leaves (381). Despite having Zn forms in the growth medium, also leaf metabolome underwent a significant and extensive modulation. In general, the elicitation of secondary metabolism (N‐containing compounds, phenylpropanoids, and phytoalexins) and the down‐accumulation of fatty acid biosynthesis compounds were common responses to different Zn forms. However, an opposite trend could be observed for amino acids, fatty acids, carbohydrates, and cofactors being down‐accumulated in ZnONPs treatment. Osmolytes, especially in ZnSO4 treatment, contributed to mitigating the effect of Zn toxicity and maintaining plant growth. Overall, the results indicated a complexity of tissue‐specific and Zn‐dependent response differences, resulting in distinctive metabolic perturbations.
Effects of daily propylene glycol drenching during the Ovsynch protocol on fertility and metabolic parameters in lactating dairy cows
Authors: Cakircali Rabia , Karakaya‐Bilen Ebru , Guner Baris , Mecitoglu Zafer , Ortac Cihan Tolga , Keskin Abdulkadir , Orman Abdulkadir , Gümen Ahmet
Published: June 2023

Negative energy balance (NEB) caused by restricted feed intake leads to body condition loss (BCS), increased metabolic stress and reduced fertility in dairy cows. Propylene glycol (PG) is a precursor of ruminal propionate for gluconeogenesis used to increase metabolic adaptation to the early postpartum period. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of daily drenching of PG during the fixed‐time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocol on beta‐hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), glucose, adiponectin, insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF1) concentrations, follicle size and pregnancy rate in dairy cows. Cows (n = 148) were randomly divided into two groups and received either 300 mL of PG (PG‐OVS, n = 76) or 300 mL of water (CON‐OVS, n = 72) each day of the Ovsynch protocol (GnRH‐7 days‐PGF2α‐56 hours‐GnRH‐16‐18‐hour FTAI) between days 57 ± 3 to 67 ± 3 postpartum for the first service. Body condition scores (14 days before expected calving, at calving, on days 21 and 42 postpartum) were recorded. Blood samples were collected days 7 ± 3, 21 ± 3 postpartum, at the beginning of the Ovsynch (days 57 ± 3) and at the time of FTAI (days 67 ± 3) for measurements of BHBA, glucose, adiponectin and IGF1 concentrations. Ultrasonographic examinations were done to measure follicle size at the beginning of Ovsynch and FTAI and to determine pregnancy on days 30 and 60 following FTAI. There were no differences (p > .05) in glucose, adiponectin and IGF1 concentrations between the groups during the study. Although there was no difference (p > .05) in BHBA concentrations on postpartum day 7 ± 3, 21 ± 3 and 57 ± 3 between the groups, BHBA concentrations at the time of insemination was lower (p < .05) in the PG‐OVS group (0.72 ± 0.03 mmol/L) than in the CON‐OVS group (0.81 ± 0.03 mmol/L). Follicle sizes at the beginning of Ovsynch (PG‐OVS, 14.5 ± 0.48 mm; CON‐OVS, 14.3 ± 0.59 mm) and FTAI (PG‐OVS, 17.8 ± 0.52 mm; CON‐OVS, 17.7 ± 0.42 mm) were not different (p < .05). Pregnancy rate of the cows in the PG‐OVS group (46.1%, 35/76) was higher (p = .05) than in the CON‐OVS group (30.6%, 22/72) on day 30 following FTAI. In conclusion, decreasing serum BHBA concentrations at the time of FTAI by means of daily drenching of PG during the Ovsynch protocol, increased the pregnancy rate at first service in lactating dairy cows. On the other hand, blood glucose was not related with pregnancy rates in our study, probably as a result of our sampling time and more rapid fluctuations of blood glucose concentrations when compared to BHBA.