bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potato

L.

Canus

Control, George, Washington, 1969
Authors: Toba H. H. , Landis B. J. , Foiles L. L.
Published: March 2022

The soil type in the test plot is not known, but it was probably Ephrata Series, sandy loam to loam, with less than 2% organic matter. Broadcast and sidedress treatments were conducted as separate experiments, and each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot was 8 rows wide (34 inch apart) and 40 ft long. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Broadcast treatments were applied on April 4, 1969, with a hand-operated grass seeder and disced in the soil on the same day. Potatoes were planted on April 15. Side-dress treatments were applied on April 25, using tractor-mounted Gandy applicators; granules were placed in 1 inch bands, 4 inch to each side and level with the potato seed pieces. The plots were sprinkler irrigated. On October 9, 20-ft lengths of the 4 center rows of each plot were harvested. Injury (any penetration of a tuber by wireworms) was assessed based on percent injured by weight. Percentages of Injured tubers were transformed to X + 0.5 and analyzed by analysis of variance and Duncan’s new multiple range test.
Laboratory Insecticide Screening,

L.

Canus

, Yakima, Washington, 1972
Authors: Toba H. H. , Landis B. J. , Foiles L. L. , Fox L.
Published: March 2022

L. canus larvae were collected in the fall of 1971 from Grandview, Washington, and helJat 40°F until the tests were conducted. The soil used was “river-bottom soil”, sandy loam, <0.5% organic matter, sifted with 8-mesh sieve. The bioassays were conducted as follows: insecticides were mixed with air-dry soil in a Twin shell dry blender for 15 min, after which later was added to the soil (2.7% moisture), and the treated soil was placed in 0.5-pt Mason fruit jars. The dosage rates simulated broadcast treatments, and the incorporation of materials to 6 inch in depth. Two boiled wheat grains were pushed down ca. 1 inch into the soil of each jar. One wireworm was placed in each jar; if the wireworm did not burrow into the soil within 1 min, the wireworm was replaced. Regular jar lids were used, but they were not secured tightly. Each treatment consisted of 10 jars. The jars were held in a laboratory maintained at ca. 20 to 25°C. The jars were checked once weekly to determine mortality, which included any dead or moribund larvae. At the weekly checks, moisture was added to the soil as required, two new boiled wheat grains were added, and the same live larvae were replaced in the corresponding jars. Four separate tests were conducted, and the results are summarized in the table.
Comparison of Banded and Broadcast Application of Furadan for Control of Leafminers and Pickleworms, 1975
Authors: Schuster David J. , Overman A. J.
Published: March 2022

‘Zapallo Courge Dixie’ squash was planted March 21, 1975 on seep-irrigated 0.8 m wide beds of Leon fine sand at 16% moisture and pH ranging from 7.3 to 8.6. Plots were 6.1 m long with two plants every 61.0 cm and 3.0 m alleys between four replications in a randomized complete block design. Due to damping off, some plants were removed and reseeded April 22 following application of Terraclor 15 (151 g/7.6 1/24.4 m of row) in a 20.3 cm band. Furadan was applied just prior to planting either in a 30.5 cm band (mixed to 5.1 cm depth) or by broadcasting over the entire planting bed and mixing to a 20.3 cm depth). The number of leaf mines on the third leaf from the crown was determined for ten giants on June 10 and 24. Harvest was completed on June 24 and the total number of fruit and the number damaged by pickleworm determined.
Green Peach Aphid Control, 1975
Authors: Butt B. A.
Published: March 2022

‘U&l Hybrid 8’ sugarbeets were planted April 1, 1975, in Ritzville silt loam at Yakima, Washington, in plots six rows wide and 50 ft long. The plants were irrigated with sprinklers providing one-half inch of water/hr. Four plots were treated on July 22 with each material at 40 gpa (60 psi) through D2-13 “TEEJET” hollowcone nozzles mounted 11 inch apart on a rear-mounted boom sprayer fitted to a JD-420 tractor travelling at 2.75 mph. Ortho X-77 spreader was used with all materials. The boom height was adjusted to provide optimum coverage of the foliage as the plants grew. In addition to the experimental compounds, all beets were treated with MAG 6 at 3 lb/A on July 16 to reduce a powdery mildew infection. Three days and each week after treatment aphids were counted on 25 leaves from each plot. Treatments were applied May 30, July 7, and July 22, but because of the low and uneven population on sugarbeets there was no significant difference in the aphid counts until after the last treatment. For two weeks following the last treatment all treated plots had less aphid than check plots. On August 13, 20, and 27 mites (Tetrgnychusurtica Koch) were also counted in the aphid experiments.
Twospotsted Spider Mite Control, 1975
Authors: Butt B. A.
Published: March 2022

‘U & I Hybrid 8’ sugarbeets were planted April 1, 1975, in Ritzville silt loam at Yakima, Washington, in plots six rows wide and 50 ft long. The plants were irrigated with sprinklers providing one-half inch of waterAr. Four plots were treated on August 4 with each material at 40 gpa (60 psi) through D2-13 “TEEJET” hollowcone nozzles mounted 11 inch apart on a rear-mounted boom sprayer fitted to a JD-420 tractor travelling at 2.75 mph. Ortho X-77 spreader was used with all materials. The boom height was adjusted to provide optimum coverage of the foliage as the plants grew. In addition to the experimental compounds, all beets were treated on July 16 with MAG 6 to reduce a powdery mildew infection. Three days and each week after treatment mites and aphids were counted on 25 leaves from each plot.
Leafminer Control on Tomato, 1975
Authors: Kennedy George G.
Published: March 2022

The experimental planting consisted of a 12 row x 225 ft section of direct seed, trellised, fresh market tomatoes ‘Hybrid 6718’ under drip irrigation and grown commercially in Chula Vista, California. Treatments were applied in a 4 x 4 Latin square design using a tractor-mounted, high-clearance sprayer with 8 hollow-cone nozzles (D-3 tips & 23 core) per row and delivering 150 gal/acre at ca. 150 psi. Plots consisted of 2 rows (5 ft centers) x 50 ft and were separated within rows by 5 ft of untreated row and between rows by one untreated row. Applications were made on September 2, 15, 26 and October 6. L. sativa mines were counted on 25 randomly selected mature terminal leaflets sampled from each plot on October 7. Data were transformed to Logjg (X + 1) and subjected to analysis of variance.
Tomato Miscellaneous Pests
Authors: York Alan C.
Published: March 2022

Tomatoes were seeded in the field on May 12, 1975 in 25 ft rows on 5 ft centers. Dacamox, Di-Syston, Temik and UC 21865 were applied in a band over the row and incorporated; Furadan and Thimet were side-dressed along the row and incorporated. Twelve treatments of 4 replicates each were arranged in a randomized block design. Soil type was Ockley silt loam, 2 to 4% organic matter. Flea beetle feeding scars were counted on the leaves of 25 seedlings per replicate on June 5. On June 16 stand counts were made in on foot of row per replicate. Vigor of the young plants was evaluated on June 26 on a scale of 6 (most vigorous) to 0 (least vigorous), based on the size, color, and general appearance of the treatment replicates. Aphid counts were made on August 8 and August 22 to assess any long term value of the treatments. The crop was hand-picked on September 8 and weighed.
Chemical Control of Sorghum Midge, 1975
Authors: Pieters Edward P.
Published: March 2022

Test plots were established by planting Pioneer 8311 grain sorghum on April 2 ca. 1 month after surrounding grain sorghum fields had been planted. Insecticide applications were made to 1/10 acre plots arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. The first application of insecticides was applied on Jun 5 by means of a self-propelled high clearance sprayer. Insecticide spray mixtures were delivered at 15 gal per acre with a CO2 powered system. Application of insecticides were repeated on Jun 9. A heavy rainfall on Jun 10 prohibited further treatments. The efficacy of each insecticide was evaluated by recording the number of adult midges which emerged from the heads, and by estimating the per cent damage to the heads during the soft dough stage. The phytotoxicity of the insecticides to sorghum plants was recorded 3 days following the last insecticide application. Adult midge counts exceeded an average of 2 midges per head prior to each insecticide application.
Insecticide Effects on Mexican Bean Beetle, Green Cloverworm and Predators in Soybeans, Suffolk, VA. 1975
Authors: Smith John C.
Published: March 2022

Soybeans were planted July 3, 1975 by conventional planters with 36 inch row spacing. The field was planted longitudinally with 4 rows of soybeans alternating with 2 rows of ‘Contender’ bush-type snapbeans. Plot length of 20 ft was established by cutting 5 ft alleys between blocks. A randomized block design with 4 replicates was determined, then all plots were sprayed on Sep 9’75 with a CO2 - pressure regulated kanpsack sprayer calibrated to deliver 24 gal per acre at 80 psi. Plots designated to receive a second application were sprayed on Sep 30’75 with the same sprayer. Post-treatment counts were made Oct 6 and 7 by shakecloth methods wherein insects from 3 row feet (18 inches from each center row) from 2 sites per plot were counted. Phytophagous insects counted were adults and larvae of the Mexican bean beetle and green cloverworms. Spider, Geocorid and Nabid predators were counted. Beans were harvested on Dec 15’75 by cutting 16.5 ft from each of the 2 center rows of each plot then threshing beans with a stationary plot thresher. After bean moisture stabilized, yield was calculated in bu/acre and seed size was determined in grams/100 seed.
Control of Beanflies in Soybeans, 1974 and 1975
Authors: Su C. Y. , Kung S. P. , Rose R. I.
Published: March 2022

Insecticide evaluations were conducted in 10 square meter (1/1000 hectare) plots. Each insecticide tested was applied to 4 replicated plots in a RCB experimental design. For each crop planting, 9 insecticides and 1 control were evaluated. Granular formulated insecticides were applied by hand with the amount for each row of the plot previously weighed. Emulsifiable and wettable powder formulations were applied with 2.5 gallon air pressure sprayers, each calibrated with a stop-watch and charged to 40 psi for each plot. Emulsifiable or wettable powder insecticides were applied in 500 ml spray per plot. Methods of control evaluation were based on me dissection and count of me actual number of larvae and pupae and me number of damaged plants in 20 or 30 plant sample and whole plot yield was also recorded when possible.
Foliar Sprays to Control Corn Earworms, Fall Armyworms and European Corn Borers in Sweet Corn, 1984
Authors: Linduska James J. , Dively Galen P. , Harrison Floyd P. , Hellman John L.
Published: March 2022

‘NK-199’ sweet corn was planted in 4-row plots 50 ft in length on 6 Jim ’84. On 7 Jun ’84 Atrazine (1.5 qt) + Lasso (1.5 qt) was applied. Distance between rows was 3 ft. Distance between plants within the row was 8 inches. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Silk sprays were applied with an International Harvester 770 Hi-Clear sprayer. The spray boom was adjusted to spray the silk area with each row being covered by 4 nozzles. The sprayer was equipped to treat 4 rows. All treatments were mixed in 20 gal of water and applied at the rate of 25 gal/acre with 50 psi. Spray treatments were applied at 50% silk 27 Jul and 4 days later on 31 Jul. Plots were harvested 15 Aug and evaluated as to insect species causing injury. One-hundred ears/treatment/replication were harvested and graded. Only the center 2 rows of each plot were harvested. The soil type was a Galestown sandy loam.
European Corn Borer Control in Sweet Corn, 1984
Authors: Morrow E. A. , Grafius E. , Pax R.
Published: March 2022

Sweet corn was planted at the M.S.U. Entomology field research farm on campus, 4 Jim, ’84. Plots were 4 rows wide by 50 ft long. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 blocks per treatment. Treatments were applied with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer at 30 gal/acre, 40 psi on 21 Jul; 3, 10, 13, 17 Aug. Sweet corn was sampled from the middle 2 rows on 19 Jun; 26 Jul; 2, 9, 15, 19 Aug. Two entire plants per plot were examined and no. of ECB egg masses, aphids, corn rootworm adults, and various predators were recorded. Sweet corn was harvested on 23 Aug. At harvest, 20 ears per plot were randomly selected from the middle 2 rows and inspected for larvae and damage.
Corn Earworm Control on Corn, 1984
Authors: Nabors Raymond A.
Published: March 2022

Sweet corn was planted 17 May on 38-inch rows in loam soil with high N, P, K and a pH of 6.0. A plot consisted of 2 rows 200 ft long. There were 4 replications of each treatment. Sweet corn was sprayed on 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 16 Jul using an R & D pistol belt sprayer with CO2 pressure at 50 psi delivering 25 gal/acre through a flat fan nozzle. The relative humidity ranged from 67% to 76%, the temperature ranged from 69° to 81°F, and the wind was from the west at 3, 8, 4, 3, 9, 3, and 5 mph respectively. Evaluations were made 48 h after the last treatment. The criterion for evaluation was the number of marketable (undamaged) ears per 100 ears.
Effectiveness of Insecticides Against Asian Corn Borer, 1984
Authors: Nafus Donald , Schreiner Ilse
Published: March 2022

The test was planted in Talafofo, Guam on 15 Nov ’83. Plots consisted of 3 rows which were 1 m apart and 4.5 m long, and were arranged in a complete randomized design with barrier rows of corn between plots to lessen drift. Plots were sprayed on 6 Dec and then twice a week from 12 Dec onwards. A backpack sprayer was used. Triton B-1984 was applied with all chemical treatments. All plants in each plot were harvested.
Fall Armyworm Mortality from Treatments to Whorl Stage Sweet Corn, 1984
Authors: Straub Richard W.
Published: March 2022

Sweet corn was planted 11 Jul in Tioga silt-loam soil at New Paltz, NY. Treatments were arranged in 2-row plots 275 ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Foliar spray treatments were applied beginning at mid-whorl stage with a high clearance sprayer through 3, D2-25 hollow cone nozzles/row (spray directed into whorl), dispensing 43 gal/acre @ 100 psi. Treatments were applied on 20 Aug. Granular insecticides were applied through a ‘Gandy’ applicator mounted on the hydraulic boom of a high clearance sprayer operated at 2.5 mph. Granules were directed through a 4 inch bander to the center of plants in the mid-whorl stage on 20 Aug. Treatment efficacy was determined 7 days post-application by randomly selecting 25 infested plants/replicate, recording the number of dead and live larvae present and conversion to % mortality. FAW infestations were high, with ca. 50% infested plants in the untreated block.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Fall Armyworm, 1984
Authors: Waddill Van
Published: March 2022

Plots were direct seeded’8 Mar ’84 in Rockdale soil. The plots were irrigated via overhead irrigation twice a week. Each plot was a single row on 3-ft centers, 50 ft long. There were 4 replications per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied 3 Apr with a CO2 powered, 2.5 gal hand-held sprayer with 40 psi at a rate of 50 gal of water per acre. On 5 Apr the plants were rated for damage and the no. of larvae counted. Damage (%) was assessed by evaluating, in situ, 25 plants/plot for evidence of recent feeding damage or fresh frass. Larval counts were made by dissecting 10 plants/plot and counting the numbers of small (1-2 instars), medium (3-4 instars) and large (5-6 instars) larvae. The fall armyworm population was normal.
Onion Maggot Control, 1984
Authors: May A. , Graflus E. , Hayden N. , Warner F.
Published: March 2022

Onion maggot research plots were established in 2 locations; Brink farm in Grant, MI and at the MSU Muck Crop Experimental Farm, Bath, MI (Clinton Co.). Onions were seeded 23 Apr at Grant, and 4 May at Bath. Plots in Grant, were double row x 10 ft, while the plots in Bath were single row x 20 ft long. Normal commercial fertilization, tillage, fungicide and herbicide practices were used. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design in Grant, while a completely randomized design was used in Bath. Soil insecticide treatments were applied with a V-Belt seeder. Soil drenches were applied with a hand sprayer at 50 gpa in a 2 to 3-inch band over the row. Dyfonate and Lorsban drenches were applied when first eggs were seen and repeated 2 wk later (31 May, 14 Jun—Grant; 4, 19 Jun—MSU Muck Farm). Trigard, Dimilin and Diazinon treatments were applied weekly for 4 wk beginning at first egg laying (31 May, 7, 14, 21 Jun—Grant; 4, 11, 18, 25 Jun—MSU Muck Crops Experimental Farm). Plots did not receive foliar treatments. After plant emergence, 100 plants/plot were staked-out and observed weekly for onion maggot damage. % stand remaining after 1st generation injury was recorded (20 Jul—MSU Crops Experimental Muck Farm).
Insect Control in Green Bell Peppers, 1984
Authors: May A. W. , Grafius E. , Pax R.
Published: March 2022

Bell peppers were transplanted on 24 May, in 4-ft rows at the MSU Horticultural Experimental Station in Sodus, MI (Berrien Co.). Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications (= blocks) per treatment. Each plot was 3 rows wide (12 ft) by 25 ft long. Treatments were applied on 25 Jun; 2, 12, 18, 25 Jul; 1, 8, and 15 Aug with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer at 30 gpa. Efficacy was determined by examining 2 plants from the center row of each plot. Entire plants were examined for corn borer egg masses, 2 leaves per plant were examined for aphids, and 5 mature fruit (mid season) or 10 mature fruit (harvest) from the center of each plot were examined for corn borer damage.
Potato Insect Control, Center, Colorado, 1984
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S.
Published: March 2022

Potatoes were planted 17 May in an area adjacent to the San Luis Valley Research Center, Center, Colorado. Plots were single-row (34-inch row spacing), 25-ft in length, separated by untreated guard rows. Plot design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Soil applied systemic insecticides were banded beneath the seed piece at planting. Foliar insecticides were applied 12 Jul using a CO2 compressed air sprayer delivering 81 gal/acre. Plots were evaluated by randomly selecting 20 leaves/plot.
Control of Potato Insects with Soap Sprays, Greeley, Co, 1984
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S.
Published: March 2022

Potatoes were planted 15 May at the Northern Colorado Research Center, Greeley, CO. Plot size was 3 rows (30-inch spacing, 25-ft length), arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Treatments were applied 1 Aug using a CO2 compressed air sprayer delivering 122 gal/acre. Soaps were diluted 40:1. Evaluations were made 3 Aug. Potato psyllid and green peach aphids were counted from 20 leaves selected from the center row of each plot. All Colorado potato beetle larvae on the center row of each plot were counted.
Rotenone to Control the Colorado Potato Beetle in White Potatoes, 1984
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M.
Published: March 2022

Potatoes were planted on 12 Apr, ’84, in a Sassafras sandy loam field. Plots were 20 ft long, 5 ft wide and replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design; a guard row buffered each treated row. Treatments were applied with a self-propelled, high-clearance sprayer with 1 drop nozzle on each side of the row and 1 over the center calibrated to deliver 83 gal/acre at 200 psi. Treatments were applied on 19, 26, Jun, 3 and 12 Jul. Plant % defoliation was recorded on 28 Jun, 5, 9 and 16 Jul. Number of Colorado potato beetle (CPB) larvae per 5 hills were recorded on 28 Jun. Number of stems/10 hills damaged by European corn borers (ECB) were recorded on 16 Jul. Yields (cwt/A) were recorded on 31 Jul. Plots were irrigated when moisture was below normal.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle with Foliar Sprays on Potatoes, 1982
Authors: Powell Donnie M.
Published: March 2022

Potatoes were planted on 20 Apr in Ritzville silt loam soil (Mesie Caliciorthidic Haploxerolls) pH 6.2, organic matter 1.6%, at Yakima, Washington. A moderate infestation of the overwintering Colorado potato beetle (CPB) adults and first generation larvae were present on the plants at the time of insecticide application. The experimental insecticides were applied to the foliage with a 2-row, portable boom, CO2-powered sprayer equipped with 4 flat-fan nozzles. The insecticides were applied at 50 PSI in 50 gal of water per acre on 14 Jun. Each plot was 2 rows (34-inch row spacing) wide and 25 ft long. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The potato crop was sprinkler irrigated on 13 Jun one day before insecticide application. Regular sprinkler irrigation was resumed on 20 Jun, 6 days after treatments were applied. The number of dead and live CPB per sq yd of soil surface per plot were counted on 15 Jun (1 day posttreatment) and the percentages of mortality were calculated. The number of CPB adults and larvae on 6 row-ft of plants were counted and the percentage of plant defoliation caused by CPB was estimated on 1, 19, 22, and 27 Jul and 3 Aug.
Synthetic Pyrethroids for Aphid Control on Potatoes, 1982
Authors: Powell Donnie
Published: March 2022

Potatoes were planted on 20 Apr in Ritzville silt loam soil (Mesic Calidirothic Haploxerolls) pH 6.2, and organic matter 1.6% at Yakima, WA. The experimental insecticides were applied to the foliage of potatoes with a 2-row, 4-flat fan nozzle, portable boom CO2 powered sprayer at 50 PSI in 50 gal of water per acre on 15 Jun ’82. The plots were 2 rows (34 inch) wide and 25 ft long. The treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The potato crop was sprinkler irrigated on 13 Jun, before the insecticide application, and on 25 Jun, after the 10-day aphid count. The normal irrigation cycle was on a 5 to 7-day interval. Twenty compound potato leaves were collected from the lower 2/3 of the plants from each plot and the number of green peach aphids (GPA) on the leaves were counted on 18, 22, 25 and 29 Jun; or 3, 7, 10 and 14 days posttreatment.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle Larvae with Foliar Insecticides, 1984
Authors: Radclifie Edward B. , Stucker David , Krueger Craig , Flanders Kathy , Watrin Clifford G.
Published: March 2022

Potatoes were planted 18 May, at the Red River Valley Potato Growers Research Farm (RRVPGA), Grand Forks, ND. Plots were of variable length with 38-inch row spacing, randomized in complete blocks with 3 replications. All beetle larvae were counted on every plant in each replication until a minimum of 200 larvae were found. Insecticide treatments were applied using a CO2 powered hand-sprayer delivering 50 gal water/acre at 35 psi. Treatments were applied 7 Jul and evaluated 24 h later on 8 Jul. Subsequent evaluations were not possible because of the aerial application of insecticide to the entire field on 9 Jul.
Irrigation Insecticide Injections for Control of Potato and Green Peach Aphids on Potatoes, 1984
Authors: Sandvol Larry E. , Longley T. S. , Pavek Diane , Hawley James
Published: March 2022

Potatoes were planted 1 May ’84 in Purdam silt loam at the University of Idaho, Research and Extension Center, Caldwell, ID. The plots were 80-ft diam circles (0.1 acre) spaced 80 ft apart. Four treatments were replicated 4 times in a complete randomized block design. Three inch hook-and-latch pipe with 6-1/8 inch nozzles were used in 3 positions on the field. Treatments were applied with a MAZZEI® injector for 20 min. Water was applied at the rate of 0.2 inch/h with a 7 h.p. pump. Insect populations were sampled pre-treatment and 1, 3, 7 days posttreatment by counting live aphids per 25 leaves.
Foliar Applications of Bacillus Thurengiensis for Control of Colorado Potato Beetles on Potatoes, 1984
Authors: Sandvol Larry , Pavek Diane , Stoltz Robert L.
Published: March 2022

Potatoes were planted 19 May, ’84 in declo silt loam at the Research and Extension Center in Aberdeen, ID. The plots consisted of four 25-ft rows planted 36 inches apart. Six treatments were replicated 4 times in a complete randomized block design. Treatments were applied 13 Jul with a hand held, 2-row 4-flat fan nozzles, CO2 pressurized sprayer, calibrated to deliver 13 gal/acre at 30 psi. Colorado potato beetle populations were sampled at 1 day before and 2, 5, 10 days after spraying by counting live larvae and adults that were visible without disturbing the foliage of the middle 2 rows of each plot.
Irish Potato, Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1984
Authors: Sewell Gary H. , Storch Richard H.
Published: March 2022

The experiment was a randomized complete block design with 6 replicates, planted 23 May at Presque Isle, ME on land that was in clover in 1983. The 3.0-m space between blocks was bare soil. The 4-row plots were separated by 2 rows of untreated potatoes. All rows were machine planted 0.9 in apart and 15.0 m long and the healthy seed pieces (ca. 75g) were 30 cm apart. Fertilization and hilling practices were normal for the area. Late blight was controlled by 8 foliar applications of Diathane M-45 (1681 g/ha the weeks of 9 and 16 Jul, 2242 g/ha the weeks of 23, 30 Jul, 6, 13, 20 and 27 Aug). Foliar insecticide applications were made with a Century boom sprayer, 3 nozzles per row at 7.0 kg/cm2 pressure and 1.2 kl/ha. Numbers of egg masses, larvae, and adults were counted on 25 whole plants in the middle rows of each plot. Analyses of variance were calculated following transformations of the raw data using log10 (x + 1). Means of the sum of each stage of the beetle were compared using Duncan’s new multiple range test and then reconverted. The soil was classified as Caribou Loam, pH 5.2. Total monthly rainfall for Jun, Jul, and Aug was respectively 15.52, 13.74, and 7.26 cm. The average temp for each of the same 3 months was 15.6, 20.0 and 19.7°C.
Hardi Mist Blower Demonstration, 1983
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Johnson E. M.
Published: March 2022

Potatoes were planted 6 Apr in Carteret County. Treatment plots consisted of 7 rows 1100 ft long on 36-inch centers. Plots were nonreplicated and used for demonstration. Applications were made using a Hardi Mist Blower sprayer operating at 240 psi and 200 mph wind velocity. Applications were made on 12 May. Numbers of CPB adults, larvae and eggs were evaluated by examining 3 consecutive plants at 4 random locations in the center row on 12 May (pretreatment) and 24 May.
Squash Bug Control, 1984
Authors: Beevers M. H. , Santoro T.
Published: March 2022

Pumpkins were planted on 15 Jul, in Fresno, California. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot consisted of a single row 8 ft long on 5-ft centers. Foliar treatments were applied on 23 Aug, to a large population of squash bug eggs, nymphs, and adults. A CO2 backpack sprayer with a single 8002 flat fan nozzle was used to deliver 200 gal/acre at 40 psi. A single plant was marked in the center of each plot. At 4, 7, and 14 days after application squash bug control was assessed by counting the nymphs and adults on that plant.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetles on Tomatoes, 1984
Authors: Linduska James J.
Published: March 2022

Tomato seedlings were planted no-till in 25-ft rows on 17 May with a 2-row Holland transplanter equipped with a chisel in front of each planter shoe. Plots consisted of a single treatment row buffered on each side by an untreated guard row. The distance between rows was 64 inches and the distance between plants within the row was 12 inches. Transplanting was made in overwintered rye. The plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 10 gal of water and applied with a custom built row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 3 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/acre at 90 psi. Treatments were applied 12, 19, 26 Jun and 3 Jul. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of the no. of Colorado potato beetle adults and larvae per 10 plants and the % of defoliation were recorded. Yields were taken 20 Aug.
Insect Control on Fresh Market Tomatoes in West-Central Florida, Spring 1984
Authors: Schuster David J.
Published: March 2022

Transplants were set 8 Mar, 18 inches apart on 2.5-ft wide by 8-inch high beds of Myakka fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 10 staked plants and treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Treatments were applied 5, 11, 18, 25 Apr, 2, 9, 17 and 23 May with a 2.5-gal hand-held CO2 powered sprayer which was operated at 40 psi and delivered ca. 60-100 gal/acre (gal increased as the plants grew). On 18 May, the no. of leafmines were counted on the terminal 3 leaflets of the 4th fully expanded leaf from the tops of 10 branches per plot. The no. of undamaged fruit and the no. of fruit damaged by armyworm larvae (principally the southern armyworm and a climbing cutworm) or true bugs (stink bugs and leaffooted bugs) were totalled over harvests taken on 16 and 31 May.
Insect Control on Tomato in Southwest Florida, Spring 1984
Authors: Schuster David J. , Everett Paul H.
Published: March 2022

Transplants were set 16 Feb, 18 inches apart on 3-ft wide by 6-inch high beds of Immokalee fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 10 plants and treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied 8, 15, 22 Mar, 2, 6, 12, 19 and 26 Apr with a 2.5 gal hand-held CO powered sprayer which was operated at 40 psi and delivered 40-120 gal/acre (gal increased as the plants grew). On 9 May, the no. of small and large leafmines (those either less than or greater than 0.5 inch in length, respectively) were counted on the terminal 3 leaflets of 10 branches per plot. The no. of undamaged fruit and those damaged by lepidopterous larvae (principally the southern armyworm and tomato pinworm) and stink bugs were counted in a single harvest on 11 May.
Impact of Pesticides on Leafminers and Their Associated Parasites on Tomatoes, 1984
Authors: Trumble J. T.
Published: March 2022

Seedlings were transplanted on 10 Jul at the University of California’s South Coast Field Station in Santa Ana, California. Experimental plots were 4 rows wide (5-ft centers) by 40 ft long and separated by a 5-ft buffer. The tomato transplants were sprinkle irrigated for 2 wk, and drip irrigated thereafter. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Weekly applications were initiated at flowering. Application dates included 17, 24, 31 Aug, and 7 and 14 Sep. A tractormounted boom sprayer with 6 nozzles incorporated D3 orifice disks, #25 cores and 50-mesh screens. All treatments included 0.4% spreader-sticker (Leaf Act 40). Leafminer populations were evaluated by weekly counts of larvae and pupae in 4 pupal trays/replicate from 23 Aug through 13 Sep. On 21 Sep, 200 mature-green to ripe fruit were harvested from the center 2 rows of each replicate and examined for internal damage (primarily H. zea), external damage (primarily S. exinua), and K. lycopersicella.
Alfalfa Insect Control Studies, 1984
Authors: Arnett W. Harold
Published: March 2022

A nine-year-old stand of alfalfa located at the Main Station Field Laboratory, Reno, Nevada was used for this study. Treatments were applied when alfalfa was 15 to 18 inches tall with 40-50% of plants showing alfalfa weevil damage. Plots were 25 X 50 ft with treatments replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied with a CO2 activated bicycle plot sprayer calibrated to deliver 20.9 gpa at 35 psi. Treatments were made on 22 May and posttreatment samples were taken on 25, 29 May, 5 Jun and consisted of 10 sweeps of a standard net taken at random from each replicate. Alfalfa yield was determined from 80-ft2 samples taken from each replicate. Yield samples were taken 2 days after the last insect samples were taken.
Winter and Spring Treatments for Control of Egyptian Alfalfa Weevil (EAW), 1983-1984
Authors: Beevers M. H.
Published: March 2022

This test was conducted in Fresno, CA on a 3-year-old stand. Treatments were applied to 20-ft by 30-i’t plots in a randomized block design with 4 replications. Applications were made with a CO2 bicycle wheel sprayer calibrated at 26 gpa and 40 psi. The first application, against adults, was on 13 Dec ’83 and the second, against larvae, on 12 Mar ’84. Additional applications of Furadan at 1.0 lb (AI)/A were made on 21 Dec ’83 and 3 Feb ’84. Evaluations were made with a 15-inch diam sweep net on 11 May, 15 Mar, 19 Mar, and 26 Mar ’84.
Control of Alfalfa Weevil Larvae in Oklahoma, 1984
Authors: Rerberet Richard , Dowdy Alan
Published: March 2022

This test was conducted at the Main Res Stn at Perkins, Okla. Pretreatment counts made on 13 Apr just prior to application of insecticides indicated an infestation level of 7 larvae per stem. Plots were 4 x 7 m and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied with a tractor-drawn boom sprayer equipped with flooding nozzles and calibrated to deliver 20 gal/acre. Population densities of weevil larvae were determined at 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days posttreatment by collecting 25 stems per plot on each data and extracting larvae with Rerlese funnels. Total counts per plot on each date were divided by 25 to give populations in larvae per stem. Plant damage ratings of 1 = undamaged through 9 = 100% defoliated were assigned for each plot prior to harvest. Yields were determined by harvesting and weighing forage from 5 m2 per plot. Subsamples were oven-dried for yield determinations on a dry weight per acre basis.
Alfalfa Weevil Control, Missouri, 1984
Authors: Brandenburg R. L. , Kirfman G. W.
Published: March 2022

The test was conducted on 23 May ’84 at Linneus, Mo, on a 5-year-old stand. The alfalfa was 14 inches tall at treatment. Treatment plots were 20 by 20 ft and arranged in a complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied with a 20-ft spray boom, 8002 flat fan nozzles, and 50 mesh screen. Sprays were applied at 16.5 gal/acre and 40 psi. Conditions at treatment were 74° F with 5 mph winds. Evaluations were made at 24 h, 6 and 13 days with 10 sweeps/plot of a 15-inch diam sweep net. Precipitation fell 6 of 13 days posttreatment. Data were transformed by X + 0.5. Means in the table are of actual counts.
Potato Leafhopper Control, 1984
Authors: Hower Arthur A.
Published: March 2022

Tests were conducted at the Milton Hershey School farm (field Dairy 29) at Hershey, PA. 40 X 40-ft plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 2 untreated checks in each ol the 4 replications. Potato leafliopper densities were estimated from 20 pendulum sweep samples taken randomly across each plot with a 15-in. diameter sweep net. Leafliopper density was evaluated 1 day before the stubble spray on 19 Jul, 6 days after the stubble spray, just before spraying on 25 Jul, then weekly until 21 days after the 25 Jul spraying. Sprays were applied in 20 gal water per acre at 50 psi with a tractor-mounted sprayer equipped with a 20-ft boom, with 80° flat fan nozzles and 50 mesh screens. Alfalfa yield was determined from two 129 ft2 swathes taken from each plot 1 day after the last sampling date.
Alfalfa Weevil Larvae Control, Kentucky, 1984
Authors: Parr J. C. , Pass B. C.
Published: March 2022

The test area was a 4-year-old stand of ‘Gladiator’ variety alfalfa. The plots were 34 x 36 ft and each treatment and the untreated control were replicated 3 times in a completely random design. Sprays were mixed so as to apply the proper rates in 20 gal of total volume per acre. Treatments were applied with a low-pressure, low-volume Halm field sprayer equipped with 21 Spraying Systems 8003 Tee Jet nozzles and operated at a pressure of 35 psi. Population densities of larvae were determined 2, 8, 12, 16 and 20 days following treatment by collecting 10 sweeps from each plot with a standard 15-inch diam beating net. The treatments were applied 9 May ’84. Treatment means, expressed as larvae per 10 sweeps on the sampling date indicated, were separated by use of Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test. A standard treatment of Furadan 4F was applied at the rate of 0.5 lb (AI)/acre.
Alfalfa Insect Control, Weld County, Co, 1984
Authors: Peairs Frank B. , Weissling Thomas
Published: March 2022

The field was a first-year stand of a Pioneer alfalfa variety, planted on a sandy loam. Plots were 15 ft x 15 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied with a CO2 backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 17.5 gpa at 30 psi with 4 nozzles (8003) mounted on a 6 ft boom. Treatments were applied on 23 May ’84, approximately 2 wk before the first cutting.
Alfalfa Weevil and Pea Aphid Control in Louisiana, 1984
Authors: Quisenberry Sharron S. , Wilson Howard K.
Published: March 2022

The test was conducted on a 1-year-old stand of alfalfa near Bunkie, LA. Treatments were applied during the vegetative growth stage when alfalfa was ca. 38 cm tall. Plots, 4.6 by 9.1 m, were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were made on 25 Mar between 9:40 AM and 11:15 AM. Sprays were applied with a CO2 backpack sprayer calibrated to 23.3 gpa and 23 psi, using 11004 flat-fan nozzles on a 2.1-m boom. Air and spray water temperatures during treatment were ca. 14°C and 21°C, respectively. Samples were obtained by taking 10 pendulum-sweeps with a 38-cm diam sweep-net on each sampling date. Sample dates were pretreatment and 3, 7 and 14 days posttreatment. Each sample was bagged and frozen for later separation and counting.
Alfalfa Weevil Larval Control, West Virginia, 1984
Authors: Weaver Joseph E.
Published: March 2022

Treatments were applied on 10 May using a tractor-mounted hydraulic sprayer with a boom length of 20 ft. Spray delivery rate was 25 gal/acre at 20 lb/sq inch. Plant height averaged 14 inches. Plots were 22 x 50 ft with 3 replications per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Sampling consisted of one, 10-sweep sample per plot using a standard 15-inch diam sweep-net swung in a 180° arc. Samples were collected weekly for 3 wk and mean values compared by ANOVA. Accumulative precipitation for 1, 2 and 3 wk posttreatment was 0.98, 1.04 and 4.32 inches, respectively. Furadan 4F at 0,5 lb (AI)/acre was applied as a standard for comparison.
Field Corn, Northern and Western Corn Rootworm Control, 1984
Authors: Hower Arthur A.
Published: March 2022

Tests were conducted at the PA Agricultural Experiment Station Farm at Rock Springs, Centre Co, and on the Yahner Farm, Cambria Co and the Lewis Farm in Erie Co. The test fields had been in continuous corn for 3 or more years. Corn was planted on 24 May (Doebler’s 58x), 5 Jun (Funk’s 4252) and 25 May (Pioneer 3901) at the 3 locations respectively. Mixed populations of the 2 rootworm species were present at each location. Western corn rootworms were least abundant at the Centre Co site. All treatments were planted with no-till planters. Row spacings were 30 inches at Centre and Erie Counties and 38 inches at Cambria Co. Insecticides were applied to 15 x 90-ft plots in Centre Co, 5 x 90-ft plots in Erie Co and 6.3 x 100-ft plots in Cambria Co in randomized complete block design with untreated checks in 4 replications. Seven insecticide-rate combinations were applied using either in-furrow or the banded method of application. Stand germination counts were made and then all rows were thinned at each site to a standard density. The sites were not comparable in density. The treatments were evaluated for root damage ratings based on the Iowa 1-6 system on 24 Jul, 2 Aug and 1 Aug at the Centre Co, Erie Co and Cambria Co sites, respectively. Stalks were also examined for other insect pests, none of which were prevalent during crop development. Yield was determined by mechanically harvesting 2 rows of each plot for shelled corn.
Field Corn, Stalk Borer Control, 1984
Authors: Levine Eli
Published: March 2022

A field evaluation of foliar and seed applied insecticides to control an artificial infestation of stalk borer larvae was conducted in a fall plowed, spring disked field in Champaign, IL. Corn (B73 x M017) was planted in 30-inch rows on 14 May. Each insecticide treatment consisted of 4 by 30-ft rows arranged in a completely randomized design with 4 replications per treatment. Seed treated with UC 80502 was planted at the same time the remainder of the plot was planted. Forty plants in each treatment (10 consecutive plants in either of the center 2 rows of each treatment by four reps) were artificially infested by placing a single larva (ca. 0.5-0.75-inch long) in the whorl of each plant on the evening of 4 Jim, when plants were in the 3-leal stage. The lobar insecticides were applied to all 4 rows of each treatment the next morning, just as larvae were beginning to tunnel into the plants. Pydrin 2.4E was applied directly over the plant whorls with a CO2 sprayer equipped with a 1 nozzle wand (8003 even flat-fan nozzle, 4.6 ft/s, 20 psi, 10 gal of water/acre based on a row width of 40 inches). Pennwalt TD2128 granules were applied directly over the plant whorls in a 7-inch band with a Noble metering unit attached to a bicycle-wheeled applicator. All seedlings within each treatment were assessed for stalk borer damage (wilting and/or feeding) daily until 14 Jin.
First Generation European Corn Borer, Hand Plots, Wray, Co, 1984
Authors: Peairs Frank B. , Pilcher Stanley D.
Published: March 2022

Plots were two 50-foot rows separated by a single buffer row. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Liquid treatments were applied on 7 Jul with a CO2 sprayer calibrated to deliver 22 gal/acre through 2 nozzles on a 30 inch boom. Granular treatments were applied through a hand-held 7 inch spreader. Treatments were evaluated on 26 Jul by dissecting 10 plants/plot and counting live larvae. The field was center pivot irrigated.
First Generation European Corn Borer, Aerial Control, Yuma, Co, 1984
Authors: Pilcher Stanley D. , Peairs Frank B.
Published: March 2022

Plots were three 50-ft swaths for the 15G formulations and three 40-ft swaths for the 20G formulations. Treatments were applied to pre-tassel corn on 4 Jul with an Ag Husky 43-ft wingspan aircraft fitted with a Transland ‘Slimline’ granule spreader with a Duke 4301 metering system. Flying speed was 110 mph. 35% of the plants were infested at the time of the application. Treatments were evaluated by dissecting 4 sets of 10 plants and recording the number of live larvae per plant. The crop was treated at planting time with Thimet 20G to control western corn rootworms.
First Generation European Corn Borer, Cultivation Treatments, Wray, Co, 1984
Authors: Pilcher Stanley D. , Peairs Frank B.
Published: March 2022

Plots were two 100-ft rows arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 4 times in a center pivot corn field. Treatments were applied on 30 Jun ’84 to 36-44 inch corn with an 8-row KMC rolling cultivator fitted with electric Noble granule meters and 4 inch spreaders. Treatments were evaluated on 26 Jul ’84 by dissecting 8 plants/ plot and counting live larvae.
Western Corn Rootworm Cultivation Treatments, Akron, Co, 1984
Authors: Pilcher Stanley D. , Peairs Frank B.
Published: March 2022

Plots were 2 rows across the field and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied on 13 Jun with a tractor-mounted electric Gandy applicator with 7 inch spreaders, followed by a KMC rolling cultivator. The crop was ca. 10 inches tall at application time. The field was center-pivot irrigated and had been planted to field corn since 1978. Soil type was a Platner sandy loam. Treatments were evaluated on 18 Jul by digging 6 plants/plot and evaluating the roots on the Iowa 1-6 scale.
In-Whorl Treatments for Fall Armyworm Control in Late-Planted Field Corn, 1984
Authors: Pless C. D. , Shamiyeh N. B.
Published: March 2022

C insecticide treatments were evaluated in 3 separate tests. Soil type was Waynesboro loam with 2-5% slope. Plots were 30 ft x 4 rows in tests 1 and 3; 30 ft x 3 rows in test 2. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Blocks were separated by 5-ft alleys and rows were 38 inches apart. Corn was thinned to 33 plants/30 row ft. The first insecticide application was made on 26 Jul for all treatments. Tests 2 and 3 received a second application on 6 Aug. Granular insecticides were applied into the whorls with shaker jars. Liquid formulations were applied with 2.5-gal compressed air sprayers at 30 psi and 30 gal/acre. Initial infestation levels were 13.1 larvae/plant. Ensilage yields were determined on 3 Oct at 72.5% moisture.
Preemergence Treatments in Field Corn for True Armyworm Control, 1984
Authors: Roberts James E. , Saluta Michael A.
Published: March 2022

Eight insecticides were evaluated in Jun ’84, in Bedford Co, VA, for their effectiveness in controlling the true armyworm in no-till field corn when applied as preemergence tank mix treatments with recommended herbicides and 30% liquid nitrogen. Corn was planted in 30 inch rows on 1 May. Plots were established in a randomized complete block design measuring 4 rows by 50 ft by 4 replicates. The insecticides, herbicides, and liquid nitrogen were applied on 2 May. A compressed air sprayer equipped with 2 Teejet 8004 fan-type nozzles and delivering 50 gal/acre at 30 lb/sq inch was used for placement of the treatments over each plot. Two passes were made through each plot to assure uniform coverage of the rye cover crop. Plant stand counts were recorded on 7 Jun by counting the total number of plants in the 2 center rows per plot. Armyworm damage was also evaluated on 7 Jun by recording the number of damaged plants in the 2 center rows per plot.
Stalk Borer Control in Field Corn Adjacent to Terraces, 1984
Authors: Wintersteen Wendy K. , Foster David E.
Published: March 2022

Pydrin, paraquat and pydrin/paraquat tank mix were applied to field corn and sections of adjacent high berm, brome grass covered terraces to test for control of stalk borer. Plots in Clayton County near Elkader Iowa, were planted on 15 May. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 4 times. Plots were 25 m long. Plot widths were either 4 rows, 4 rows + the adjacent 1 m of terrace, or 4 rows plus the entire width of the terrace. Treatments were applied using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer equipped with 11004 Tee Jet nozzles, delivering 20 gal/acre. Treatments were applied on 25 May when the corn was in the early spike stage. Stand counts were made on 30 May and plots were evaluated on 25 Jun. Evaluations were made by determining the number of stalk borer infested plants per 17.4 ft, from the center of the second row from the outside in each plot. Missing plants along with those exhibiting stalk borer damage (e.g., foliar feeding, dead heart or wilting) were deemed to be infested.
Impact of Six Synthetic Pyrethroides on Kanzawa Spider Mites of Cotton, Japan 1984
Authors: Kasamatsu K. , Kawachi K.
Published: March 2022

Plots 11 rows by 120 ft were arranged in a randomized complete block design and 3 replications. Cotton was planted on 8 May, in 39 inch rows. The spray treatments were made with a motorized sprayer on 5, 19 Jun and 3 Jul. Spray volume consisted of 500 gal of total spray mixture per acre. Number of adult mites was recorded from the 60 randomly selected leaves per plot and expressed as a number per one leaf.