bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidence of hepatitis A and hepatitis E viruses and norovirus and rotavirus in fish and shrimp samples caught from the Persian Gulf
Authors: Amroabadi M. Alipour , Rahimi E. , Shakerian A. , Momtaz H.
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Foodborne viruses including hepatitis A virus (HAV), norovirus (NoV), rotavirus (RoV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) are easily transmitted through contaminated seafoods. The current research was done to assess the incidence of RoV, NoV GI and GII,hAV and hEV in fish and shrimp samples caught from the Persian Gulf, Iran. Three-hundred and twenty fish and shrimp samples were collected. The presence of foodborne viruses were assessed by the real-time PCR. Forty-nine out of 320 (15.31%) fish and shrimp samples were positive for foodborne viruses. Distribution of hAV, NoV GI and NoV GII amongst all studied samples were 0.93%, 5.93% and 8.43%, respectively. hEV and RoV viruses were not found in studied samples. Parastromateus niger and Scomberomorus commerson fish and Penaeus monodon shrimp were the most frequently contaminated samples. Simultaneous incidence of hAV and NoV GI and hAV and NoV GII were 0.31% and 0.93%, respectively. Distribution of foodborne viruses in samples collected through spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons were 14.28%, 9.33%, 11.76% and 24.44%, respectively. Findings revealed that the incidence of foodborne viruses was significantly associated with seafood species and also season of sampling.
Dry matter productivity and bromatological quality of ryegrass genotypes cultivated in southern Brazil
Authors: Ramos A.R. , Zampar A. , Silva A.W.L.
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT The goal of this work was to assess the biomass production and bromatological quality of ryegrass genotypes in ten municipalities of the Western and North Plateau regions of the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The cultivars La Estanzuela 284 (diploid), Bar HQ, Barjumbo, INIA Escorpio, Potro, and Winter Star (tetraploids) were compared, distributed in a randomized block design, in which the municipalities constituted the blocks, with three replications. The cuts were performed when the plants reached 30cm, leaving a residue of 10cm. In three cuts, the cultivars Barjumbo and Bar HQ were the most productive, exceeding 4.6 t ha-1 of dry matter. In the places in which five cuts were performed, the production of these cultivars exceeded 7.3 t ha-1, placing them again ahead of the others. The average crude protein content in three cuts was greater than 25% in all cultivars. There was no difference between the genotypes in the content of neutral detergent fiber and total digestible nutrients. There was a significant correlation between quantitative and qualitative productive variables. The assessed cultivars represented good options for composing short-term or long-term winter-feeding systems, adjusted to the integration with annual crops or warm-season pastures.
Profile of endoparasites in dairy cattle in the microregion of São João del-Rei, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Henriques R.F. , Pereira F.B. , Paiva J.T. , Silva M.A. , Melo R.M.P.S.
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT The present study provides the first evaluation of the endoparasite profile in dairy cattle from the microregion of São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil, including seasonal variations in parasitic infections. Fecal samples were collected directly from rectum of 123 dairy cows and 160 calves on 15 farms. These were kept in insulated boxes and sent for immediate analysis. Using eggs per gram of feces (EPG) we found the following prevalences: Strongyloidea 43.5%, Moniezia sp. 7.6% and both Strongyloides sp. and Trichuris spp. 2.2%, in dairy cows. In calves, the prevalence was Strongyloidea 50.9%, Moniezia sp. 5.6% and Strongyloides sp. 1.9%. The third-stage larvae recovered from coprocultures from cows and calves consisted mainly of Cooperia spp., Haemonchus spp. and Ostertagia spp. EPG counts were significantly higher in calves. Regarding seasonality, the EPG counts and prevalence of Moniezia sp. tended to be higher in the dry period, whereas those of Strongyloidea were higher in the rainy season. Evidence suggests that parasite control and prophylaxis were inadequately managed on the farms studied here. The present parasitological profile correlates with those found by other similar studies, indicating that the main problem is still the inadequate management of parasite control and prophylaxis by farmers.
Effects of blood pathological changes before TAI on pregnancy of dairy cows with anestrus and estrus
Authors: Di Y. , Zhao C. , Bai Y. , Wang D. , Zhang F. , Xu C. , Xi C.
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of plasma pathological changes before timed artificial insemination (TAI) on pregnancy of cows. The contents of estrogen (E2), progesterone (P4), glucose (Glu), selenium (Se), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and histamine (HIS) in plasma of 48 Holstein cows were measured before TAI. According to the estrus detection, the cows were divided into estrus (E) and anestrus (A) groups. After pregnancy testing at 28 d after TAI, two groups of E and A were divided into positive pregnancy of E group (EP+), negative pregnancy of E group (EP-), positive pregnancy of A group (AP+), and negative pregnancy of A group (AP-). The contents of E2, P4, Glu, Se, BDNF and hIS significantly differed among the four groups (P<0.01). The ROC analysis was used to determine the risk of negative pregnancy test (-) after TAI was increased when plasma E2 was less than 46.45 pmol/L in cows before TAI. The changes in E2, P4,hIS, Glu, and BDNF in the blood of natural estrus and natural anestrus cows affected the pregnancy after TAI. the level of E2 in plasma may be used to assess the risk of negative pregnancy after TAI.
Dioctophymosis in a free-ranging maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus): clinical-therapeutic, ultrasonographic and pathological aspects ˗ case report
Authors: Oliveira A.R. , Santos D.O. , Pereira F.M.A.M. , Carvalho T.P. , Moreira L.G.A. , Soares Neto L.L. , Mangueira D.K.A. , Mello E.S. , Paixão T.A. , Santos R.L.
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Dioctophymosis is the disease caused by Dioctophyma renale, a large nematode, popularly known as giant kidney worm, and whose definitive hosts are the domestic dog and many wild mammal species. There are some reports of maned wolf parasitism by D. renale, however, in most cases the reports are restricted to the finding of the parasite during necropsy, without clinical assessment. The present report aimed to describe the clinical-therapeutic, ultrasonographic and pathological aspects of D. renale parasitism in a free-ranging maned wolf, emphasizing the treatment with an association of doramectin, praziquantel, pyrantel pamoate, and febantel that resulted in complete elimination of the parasite.
Osteosarcoma of the hard palate in a dog ˗ case report
Authors: Silveira B.L. , Cassali G.D. , Lopes T.C.M.
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT The osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most diagnosed primary bone cancer in canine patients. This work reports a case of a canine, six years old, mongrel, female, intact, with an OSA in the hard palate. Physical examination detected a firm mass in the palate. Thoracic radiographs, hematological and biochemical exams, histopathological exams and computed tomography were requested. A chondroblastic OSA was diagnosed and the tumor was characterized by immunohistochemistry. There was never evidence of metastasis in this case. The treatment consisted of the combination of conventional chemotherapy, metronomic chemotherapy, and palliative care, aiming at greater survival and well-being of the patient since surgical excision was not possible due to the location and extension of the tumor. Osteogenic sarcomas of the hard palate are rarely seen and described in the literature. In this article we present a characterization of the osteosarcoma with uncommon localization in the hard palate.
Contribuições da arteterapia para promoção da saúde e qualidade de vida da pessoa idosa
Authors: Jardim Viviane Cristina Fonseca da Silva , Vasconcelos Eliane Maria Ribeiro de , Vasconcelos Célia Maria Ribeiro de , Alves Fábia Alexandra Pottes , Rocha Karyanna Alves de Alencar , Medeiros Eduarda Gayoso Meira Suassuna de
Published: February 2021

Resumo Objetivo Analisar as contribuições da arteterapia na promoção da saúde e na qualidade de vida dos idosos. Método Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa utilizando os descritores em saúde: “health promotion”, “art therapy”, “quality of life” e “aged”. Foram selecionados artigos originais completos, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Não foi estabelecido período de publicação dos artigos para obter um maior quantitativo de artigos publicados no decorrer do tempo. A busca e a seleção dos artigos incluídos foram realizadas por dois revisores no período de novembro de 2019 a abril de 2020. Resultados Dos quatros artigos selecionados para compor a amostra, dois artigos estavam escritos em inglês e dois em português. Os artigos incluídos foram publicados no período entre 2007 e 2014. Quanto às bases de dados, dois artigos estavam indexados na Scopus, um nas bases Scopus/Pubmed/BVS e um na base CINAHL. Os recursos expressivos utilizados no processo arteterapêutico foram os mais variados: pintura, desenho, modelagem, expressão corporal entre outros Conclusão A utilização da arteterapia para promoção da saúde em idosos mostrou benefícios na redução dos fatores negativos de ordem afetiva, emocional social. Os artigos analisados sugerem o efeito positivo da arteterapia na qualidade de vida em idosos.
Profissionais para Reorientar o Modelo Assistencial. Quantos e Quais ?
Authors: Falerios José Justino
Published: February 2021

Resumo: Ao longo do século 20, ocorreram três gerações de reformas em sistemas de Saúde. Quanto maior a orientação de sistemas de Saúde para a Atenção Primária, melhores os resultados de cuidados em relação aos custos. A avaliação de necessidades / demandas é realizada por excelência no nível primário dos sistemas de saúde e é onde a estrutura do mesmo pode frustrar ou facilitar a adequada exploração das especialidades. As funções dos diferentes níveis da atenção clínica e da saúde pública são apresentadas, assim como os diferentes níveis administrativos. A gestão dos recursos humanos de um sistema de saúde orientado para a estratégia do Programa de Saúde da Família necessita de 50% de médicos de família. As demais especialidades - mais de 60 - resultariam em relativamente pequenas proporções de especialidades gerais, subespecializas e profissionais da saúde pública. Estas alterações caracterizam mudança de paradigma, não apenas um especialistas a ser acrescido aos já existentes, determinam mudanças no ensino de medicina e geram incontáveis conflitos que só poderão ser suplantados por meio de amplos entendimentos entre todos os protagonistas, inclusive o público.
Blood pressure control of hypertensive patients followed in a high complexity clinic and associated variables
Authors: Coelho Juliana Chaves , Guimarães Mayra Cristina da Luz Pádua , Campos Cassia Lima de , Florido Carime Farah , Silva Giovanio Vieira da , Pierin Angela Maria Geraldo
Published: February 2021

Abstract Introduction: Arterial hypertension is a disease that has a high impact on cardiovascular mortality and morbidity; however, it is still insufficiently controlled. Objectives: To assess hypertension control in patients seen at a specialized clinic and to identify associated variables. Method: Cross-sectional study involving the analysis of medical records from 782 patients treated in a highly complex outpatient clinic. Inclusion criteria: age ≥18 years, diagnosed with hypertension, in treatment ≥6 months. Patients with secondary hypertension (104) and incomplete data (64) were excluded. The main outcome was blood pressure control (systolic <140 and diastolic <90 mmHg). The independent variables studied were: sociodemographic and clinical characteristics (use of drugs, comorbidities and laboratory tests). Pearson's χ2 tests, Fisher's test, Student's t and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests were performed in the bivariate analysis and logistic regression in the multiple analyses, adopting p≤0.05. Results: The prevalence of hypertensive control was 51.1%. It was associated with a lack of control: body mass index (OR = 1.038; 95% CI = 1.008 - 1.071), history of stroke (OR = 0.453; 95% CI = 0.245 - 0.821), left ventricular hypertrophy (OR = 1.765; 95% CI = 1.052 - 3.011), and number of medications (OR = 1.082; 95% CI = 1.033 - 1.136). Conclusion: About half of the hypertensive patients had their blood pressure controlled; clinical variables and target organ damage were associated with the control.
Avaliação de modelos de predição para ocorrência de malária no estado do Amapá, 1997-2016: um estudo ecológico
Authors: Lima Marcos Venicius Malveira de , Laporta Gabriel Zorello
Published: February 2021

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a capacidade preditiva de diferentes modelos de série temporal de casos de malária no estado do Amapá, Brasil, no período 1997-2016. Métodos Estudo ecológico de séries temporais com casos de malária registrados no Amapá. Foram utilizados dez modelos estatísticos determinísticos ou estocásticos para simulação e teste em horizontes de previsão de 3, 6 e 12 meses. Resultados O teste inicial mostrou que a série é estacionária. Os modelos determinísticos apresentaram melhor desempenho do que os modelos estocásticos. O modelo ARIMA apresentou erros absolutos menores do que 2% na escala logarítmica e erros relativos 3,4-5,8 vezes menores em relação ao modelo nulo. A predição de casos futuros de malária nos horizontes de 6 e 12 meses de antecedência foi possível. Conclusão Recomenda-se o uso de modelo ARIMA para a previsão de cenários futuros e para a antecipação do planejamento nos serviços de saúde dos estados da Região Amazônica.
Tendência temporal da prevalência do excesso de peso e obesidade na população adulta brasileira, segundo características sociodemográficas, 2006-2019
Authors: Silva Luiza Eunice Sá da , Oliveira Max Moura de , Stopa Sheila Rizzato , Gouvea Ellen de Cássia Dutra Pozzetti , Ferreira Kauara Rodrigues Dias , Santos Roberta de Oliveira , Valença Neto Paulo da Fonseca , Macário Eduardo Marques , Sardinha Luciana Monteiro Vasconcelos
Published: February 2021

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a tendência temporal das prevalências de excesso de peso e obesidade nas capitais brasileiras e no Distrito Federal, 2006-2019. Métodos Série temporal, sobre dados do Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (n=730.309). Analisaram-se as prevalências de excesso de peso e obesidade para cada ano, segundo a combinação de sexo, faixas etárias e níveis de escolaridade. A variação temporal foi analisada por regressão de Prais-Winsten. Resultados Observaram-se variações das prevalências de excesso de peso, principalmente em homens com 18-24 anos de idade e até 8 anos de estudo (3,17%/ano), e em mulheres de 18-24 anos e ≥12 anos de estudo (6,81%/ano). Observaram-se variações na prevalência de obesidade, principalmente entre mulheres de 18-24 anos e escolaridade ≥12 anos (10,79%/ano). Conclusão Verificou-se aumento do excesso de peso e obesidade na maioria dos estratos sociodemográficos, especialmente entre jovens de maior escolaridade.
ADAPTATION AND TRANSCULTURAL VALIDATION OF THE BRAZILIAN VERSION OF THE BACK PAIN FUNCTIONAL SCALE
Authors: Santos Jefferson Jovelino Amaral dos , Tiburciom Franciele Luz de Andrade , Kremer Ana Paula
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: The Back Pain Functional Scale (BPFS) was designed to evaluate the functional state of individuals with low back pain. The scale consists of twelve items, covering functional aspects of the daily life activities of these individuals. The final score is calculated by summing the responses to each item, the values of which range from 0 to 5, obtaining a total result of 0 to 60 points. Methods: The validation process was developed in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) protocol, covering translation, back translation, semantic equivalence, evaluation by specialists from previous stages, pre-test of the tool, and final version. Subsequently, the final version was applied in a sample of 90 individuals and the data obtained were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis, factorial analysis, evaluation of internal consistency, and correlation with other validated tools. Results: The tool was adapted to Brazilian Portuguese, making use of terms to approximate the language of everyday expressions. The final version presented results similar to those from the original version, as demonstrated by the factorial analysis, the internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha: 0.990), and the strong correlation with tools validated for the Portuguese language. Conclusion: The Brazilian version of BPFS proved to be easy to apply and understand, and presented high internal consistency and construct validity similar to that of the original instrument. Level of evidence 1B; Study of adaptation of a valid score.
BEZOLD JARISCH REFLEX DURING HALO-GRAVITY TRACTION: CASE REPORT
Authors: Jorge Rômulo Moura
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Halo-gravity traction is an option that can be used in the treatment of severe spinal deformities. The author reports a complication not yet described in the literature in which rapid correction of the deformity triggered the Bezold Jarisch reflex. Level of evidence IV; Case Series.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE TYPES OF FIXATION IN ADOLESCENT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS
Authors: Garcia Enguer Beraldo , Garcia Liliane Faria , Garcia Júnior Enguer Beraldo , Sá André de , Matos Victor de Oliveira , Camarinha Juliana Garcia , Camarinha Marcos Felipe , Gonçalves Roberto Garcia , Garcia Eduardo Beraldo , Giesbrecht Saulo Terror
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To conduct a comparative study of the results obtained in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) with different types of fixations (traditional, selective and multiple), and to evaluate the correction of angular deformity in the frontal plane by the Cobb and sacral clavicular angle (SCA) methods. Methods: A study of a group of 278 patients with AIS who underwent selective, traditional, and multiple fixation surgeries. Results: Significant corrections of both the Cobb angle and the SCA were observed. Conclusions: In the multiple fixation surgeries there was a 100% correction between the preoperative and postoperative SCA values and a 50% correction in the traditional and selective fixations, a difference considered significant. Regarding the Cobb angle, the three fixations presented corrections between preop and postop with significant differences. Level of evidence III; Retrospective Study.
SPLIT-TYPE FRACTURES OF THE SPINE: A NEW MINIMALLY INVASIVE PERCUTANEOUS TECHNIQUE
Authors: Hübner André Rafael , Luthi Ivana Flores , Israel Charles Leonardo , Ribeiro Marcelo , Suarez Álvaro Diego Heredia , Tagliari Ivanio , Spinelli Leandro de Freitas
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: This research presents a biomechanical analysis performed in the lumbar spine of a porcine animal model, considering a minimally invasive technique for the treatment of split fractures. Methods: Porcine spines were used to perform compression tests, considering three different approaches. Three groups were defined in order to verify and validate the proposed technique: a control group (1); spines with split fractures (2); and a treatment group (3). For the first group (control), spines were axially compressed until any kind of fracture occurred, in order to verify the strength of the structure. In the second group, split fractures were created to obtain the mechanical failure pattern of the model. In the third group, the split fractures were submitted to the proposed treatment, to verify the resistance achieved. The three groups were compared by means of axial compression tests. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA. Results: The control group (intact spine) and the treated split fracture group presented similar results (p>0.05), differing from the results for the untreated split fracture group (p<0.05). Conclusions: The tests performed in order to determine the behavior and strength of the lumbar spine when subjected to axial compression provided positive data for the development of a minimally invasive technique capable of restoring split fractures of the spine. Level of evidence III; Experimental research.
INTEROBSERVER REPRODUCIBILITY ASSESSMENT OF THE NEW AOSPINE CLASSIFICATION FOR SUBAXIAL CERVICAL LESIONS
Authors: Vital Leandro Vinícius , Resende Rogério Lúcio Chaves de , Leal Jefferson Soares , Guimarães Renato de Melo , Faria Ângelo Ribeiro Vaz de
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the interobserver agreement of the new AOSpine classification for subaxial cervical fractures. Methods: A descriptive study, which11 traumatic lesions of the subaxial cervical spine (through radiographic and tomographic images), were evaluated by 16 observers being: 6 senior surgeons, 4 fellows in spinal surgery and 6 physicians residents in Orthopedics and Traumatology by the new AOSpine classification, with subsequent statistical analysis of the results. An agreement analysis was performed using the Kappa coefficient, both individually and in combination, with an interpretation of the index performed using the standardized model for Landis and Koch. To determine the level of significance of the analyzes, values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: In general, the level of agreement among the examiners was considered reasonable. The lesions “A0 (F3)”, “A4 (F3)”, “B1”, “B3”, “B3 (F3)”, “C”, “C (F3)” and “F3”showed a low level of agreement between the examiners. The level of reasonable agreement was obtained between fractures “A0”, “A1”, “A4”, “B2” and “C (F4)”. The only fracture that presented a moderate level of agreement was the “C (F4 BL)” lesion. This result indicates that the referred injury was the fracture of the subaxial column that presented the best level of agreement among the 16 examiners in the present study. Conclusions: The results of the study indicate an intermediate agreement of the new AOSpine classification for subaxial cervical lesion and point to the need to carry out studies that seek to evaluate this new classification in order to better evaluate its strengths and weaknesses, contributing for its improvement. Level of evidence III; Diagnostic study - investigation of a diagnostic test.
OS ESPAÇOS DE FORMAÇÃO E SUAS CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA A FORMAÇÃO INICIAL
Authors: Silva Patrícia da Rosa Louzada da , Botelho Vivian Hernandez , Borges Mateus de Paula , Ribeiro Franciéle da Silva , Pinheiro Eraldo dos Santos
Published: February 2021

O estudo teve como objetivo investigar como possíveis contribuições de um projeto de extensão na formação inicial dos / como estudantes de Licenciatura em Educação Física. Com natureza qualitativa, investigou seis acadêmicos / as do curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física. Como instrumento de investigação foram desvendados semestruturados, conduzidas por meio de um roteiro, formulado com questões de identificação, e, tema gerador buscando os sentidos e significados da participação dos / as graduandos / as no de extensão. As informações coletadas foram exploradas a partir da análise textual discursiva de Moraes e Galiazzi (2011) e como principais resultados como contribuições do projeto de extensão à formação inicial dos / como participantes foram relacionados às experiências profissionais e acadêmicas nesse espaço de formação. Os / as participantes evidenciaram uma possibilidade de vivenciarem ações práticas do ser professor / ae identificarem-se com ambiente escolar como local de atuação profissional. Além disso, os / as participantes relatam a importância do projeto para a aproximação com a pesquisa. O estudo reforça a importância da extensão universitária com maior incentivo a espaços formativos que aproximem universidade e comunidade desde o início do curso.
MORTALIDADE POR COVID-19 NO BRASIL AJUSTADA POR IDADE: MAIS ALTA NA REGIÃO NORTE
Authors: Azevedo e Silva Gulnar , Jardim Beatriz , Lotufo Paulo
Published: February 2021

O crescimento acentuado de casos e óbitos por Covid-19 tem levado a grande sobrecarga do sistema de saúde no Brasil em especial em cidades com Manaus e Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo. A descrição do impacto da pandemia tem se baseado em números absolutos ou taxas de mortalidade brutas não considerando o padrão de distribuição das faixas etárias nas diferentes regiões do país. Este estudo tem por objetivo comparar a taxas de mortalidade brutas por Covid-19 com taxas padronizadas por idade nas capitais dos estados brasileiras e no Distrito Federal. As informações sobre óbito foram acessadas no Sistema de Informação de Vigilância da Gripe (SIVEP-Gripe) e os denominadores populacionais foram baseados nas estimativas disponibilizadas pelo Ministério da Saúde. Para o cálculo das padronizadas por idade utilizou-se a estrutura etária da população do Brasil estimada para 2020. Os resultados mostram que as maiores taxas brutas foram em Manaus (253,6/100.000) e Rio de Janeiro (253,2/100.000). Após padronização por idade, houve aumento expressivo das taxas na região Norte. A maior taxa ajustada foi vista em Manaus (412,5/100.000) onde 33% de óbitos por Covid-19 ocorreram entre menores de 60 anos. A mortalidade acima de 70 anos foi o dobro se comparada à do Rio  de Janeiro e o triplo se comparada à de São Paulo. A utilização de taxas de mortalidade padronizadas por idade elimina vieses interpretativos expondo de forma marcante o peso ainda maior da Covid-19 na região Norte do país.
Percepciones del cambio climático en perspectiva de género en Jalisco, México
Authors: Mirenda Cloe
Published: February 2021

La población rural de las zonas costeras es altamente vulnerable al riesgo de desastres relacionados con las amenazas hidrometeorológicas, las cuales están aumentando como efecto del cambio climático. Para reducir las vulnerabilidades de manera sostenible y equitativa es fundamental comprender las percepciones locales y visibilizar las diferencias de género que existen en el acercamiento a determinados riesgos. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las percepciones sobre cambio climático diferenciadas por género, con énfasis en su expresión local, representada por el aumento de los huracanes, en dos comunidades rurales en la región costa sur de Jalisco, en México. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a mujeres y hombres afectados por los huracanes Jova y Patricia. El análisis muestra percepciones diferenciadas por género acerca de las causas de los huracanes y los riesgos futuros, que develan la existencia de vulnerabilidades diferenciales. Las mujeres tienen un menor conocimiento de las relaciones de causalidad en la formación de los huracanes y muestran mayores incertidumbres acerca de las tendencias futuras. Sin embargo, ambos géneros perciben el cambio climático de manera integral como una ruptura en términos físicos, morales, sociales y políticos. De esa forma, la enunciación de riesgos en el proceso de investigación en el medio rural y el análisis de las percepciones con perspectiva de género producen espacios de diálogo transdisciplinario, que visibilizan las articulaciones entre la cuestión climático-ambiental, las inequidades y las crisis sociopolíticas.
Salvapáramos Rabanal: programa de incentivos a la conservación. Sistematización de experiencias desde las ciencias sociales
Authors: Serrano Pérez Edna Catalina , Palacios Pacheco Laura Sofía , Reyes Martínez Henry Alexander , Cely Reyes Germán Eduardo
Published: February 2021

El presente artículo es un diálogo entre las ciencias naturales y las ciencias sociales en torno a la formulación y la ejecución de uno de los primeros programas públicos de pago por servicios ambientales (PSA), desarrollado en la cordillera central andina, departamento de Boyacá, Colombia, dentro del ecosistema denominado páramo de Rabanal. Se consideran los desafíos que supone el desarrollo de estrategias para la conservación y protección del recurso hídrico y los servicios ecosistémicos asociados con este, como la regulación y el abastecimiento. El PSA se configura como un instrumento para la gestión ambiental de un territorio con constantes conflictos socioambientales, originados a partir de la dicotomía entre conservar y producir. A través de la historia ambiental, se observan las múltiples transformaciones que ha sufrido este ecosistema, aunadas a particulares discursos globales sobre el desarrollo. Ello aporta una lectura crítica a la ejecución de programas de conservación en lo local. Mediante la sistematización, como metodología de la educación popular, se rescatan las percepciones, los aciertos y los aprendizajes de los ejecutores del programa, así como de la población campesina que habita el páramo de Rabanal. De esa manera, se pretende construir aprendizajes desde un enfoque social para la ejecución de PSA como instrumentos para la gestión ambiental en escenarios similares.
The International Labour Organisation in pursuit of decent work in Southern Africa: An appraisal
Authors: Mokofe William Manga
Published: February 2021

This article examines the role of the International Labour Organisation (ILO), regional standards, and the “decent work agenda” in addressing challenges facing non-standard workers in southern Africa. Employees in traditional full-time employment are well protected in some southern African states, but the regulation currently available is largely unable to protect non-standard workers, and in numerous instances workers are regarded as “non-standard”, on the basis of a narrow interpretation of the term “employee”. Casualisation and externalisation have resulted in the exclusion of numerous workers from the protection provided by labour legislation, and union cover for non-standard workers is very low. The article further discusses the relationship between non-standard employment and labour migration in southern Africa. Light is also shed on regional standards, the challenges of unemployment, poverty, and income inequality, and labour-market transitions in southern Africa.
CULTURAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF TWO MICROALGAE, PHAEODACTYLUM TRICORNUTUM AND TETRASELMIS SUECIACA, IN CUMULATIVE CULTURES
Authors:   Far Eastern State Technical Fisheries University, Kovalev N.N. , Leskova S.E. ,   Far Eastern State Technical Fisheries University, Mikheev E.V. ,   Far Eastern State Technical Fisheries University, Pozdnyakova Yu.M. ,   Far Eastern State Technical Fisheries University, Esipenko R.V. ,   Far Eastern State Technical Fisheries University
Published: February 2021

A comparative study of cultural and biochemical parameters of two microalgal species, Tetraselmis sueciaca and Phaeodactylum tricornutum, was performed. Cell density in the storage culture was 2.88 million cells per one ml for T. sueciaca and 20.37 million cells per one ml for Ph. tricornutum. As shown, determination of op-tical density of the culture medium is a more objective characteristic of the cumulative culture growth. For T. sueciaca, cell growth rate during the course of experiment made 400% and for Ph. tricornutum – 700%. Dif-ference in the chemical composition of microalgal biomass was revealed. The microalgae did not differ in their energy value. The prospects of cumulative culture of microalgae in mariculture farms are discussed.
MARINE BENTHIC ALGAE FROM COMMANDER ISLANDS (REVISION 2020). I. CHLOROPHYTA AND OCHROPHYTA
Authors:   Kamchatka State Technical University, Klochkova N.G. , Klochkova T.A. ,   Kamchatka State Technical University, Klimova A.V. ,   Kamchatka State Technical University
Published: February 2021

In Commander Islands, the peculiar geographic location, hydrology and geomorphology contributed to de-velopment of a very peculiar algal floristic complex. First scientific information on species composition in this region appeared in XIX century. In this revision, we analyzed scientific publications containing algal floristic information from this region and composed list of species recorded during 1889–2020. We provided information about 52 green and 55 brown algal species recorded from the Commander Islands. The infor-mation concerning representatives of Laminariales is discussed in details, as they form basis of the underwa-ter vegetation. Our species list includes citations of references containing records from the Commander Is-lands and brief description of their biological and morphological characteristics. As we noted, in Russian Far East, Commander Islands belong to one of the few regions with highly examined algal flora.
Internet Governance: System Imbalances and Ways to Resolve Them
Authors:   Centre for International Institutions Research, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Vasilkovsky Sergey , Ignatov Aleksandr ,   Centre for International Institutions Research, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Published: February 2021

The spread of digital technologies has led to the global digitalization of all types of public activities. The digital economy emerging during this process has become a leading factor in world economic growth and one of the criteria of national development. The digital economy is based on the Internet, which ensures the functioning of new business models, forms of social interaction and public diplomacy. The Internet governance system differs from other modern international systems of public and political relations in that the leading role in it is played by non-governmental organizations, in particular, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) and the Internet Society (ISOC). The activities of states are significantly limited by the basic properties of the system, which complicates the implementation of the state’s digital sovereignty. The aim of this article is to determine ways to resolve this discrepancy.Analyzing the current state of Internet governance, the authors outline the key characteristics that lead to potential conflict. These include decentralization, an insufficient evaluative level of accountability and lack of legitimacy. The authors analyze ICANN and ISOC toolkits and identify the key instruments that actually make organizations central to the Internet governance system. In conclusion, the authors provide recommendations for action by the international community to mitigate the identified imbalances.
Что стоит за цифровым налогом: вызовы борьбы Европейского союза за технологический суверенитет
Authors:   Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI), Bilotta Nicola
Published: February 2021

Пандемия COVID-19 показала, насколько важны цифровые платформы для функционирования нашей экономики. Крупные технологические компании, вероятно, станут сильнее после этой пандемии из-за значительного роста спроса на государственные, розничные и корпоративные цифровые услуги. Эта мегатенденция укрепила доминирующее положение цифровых транснациональных корпораций – почти все они из США – на рынках ЕС, подняв важные вопросы, начиная от стремления Европейского союза (ЕС) к технологическому суверенитету и заканчивая гораздо более насущным вопросом о том, как осуществлять налогообложение прибыли крупных технологических компаний. Проблема «цифрового налога», ставшая предметом оживленных международных дискуссий еще до пандемии COVID-19, сейчас обсуждается еще активнее, поскольку этот налог станет важным инструментом для правительств, остро нуждающихся в средствах финансирования постпандемического восстановления экономики. Ожидается, что с включением цифрового налога в фонд для восстановления после пандемии «Следующее поколение ЕС», представленный Еврокомиссией, ЕС еще больше укрепит свое мировое лидерство в области технологического регулирования. Однако европейская активность в сфере регулирования также может создать барьеры для трансатлантической торговли и инвестиций, что приведет к росту напряженности в отношениях с США.
Regional Perspective of Digitalization in BRICS
Authors:   Associate Professor, HSE University, Morozkina Alexandra ,   Financial Research Institute of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, Senior Research Fellow
Published: February 2021

This article is aimed at evaluation of regional digital inequality in BRICS countries. Using the data for 2014-2018 on internet usage and access to fixed broadband author calculates inequality ratios, including coefficient of variation and Theil index. Also author analyzes rural/urban differences and their dynamics. On the base of this calculations author shows decrease of regional inequality in all five countries. Further analysis is devoted to national digitalization strategies, which are aimed at development of remote areas and bridging digital divide. Author shows that there are measures in each strategy aimed at bridging digital divide on all three levels (infrastructure, usage and results). In a final part of the article author suggests directions for cooperation in BRICS, including exchange of best practices in realization of national strategies, composition of best practices in integrated measures aimed at development of remote areas and joint financing using opportunities provided by the New Development Bank.
The Digital Divide in Developing Countries
Authors:   School of Management, University of Science Malaysia, Subramaniam Yogeeswari , Masron Tajul ,   School of Management, University of Science Malaysia, Hadiyan Nik ,   School of Management, University of Science Malaysia, Hassan Siti ,   School of Management, University of Science Malaysia
Published: February 2021

Poverty has been a critical issue for a long time and continues to affect developing countries in the era of booming digitalization. This study investigates the contribution of digitalization to poverty alleviation, confirming that it can promote economic growth. However, utilizing a sample of 37 developing countries in 2014 and 2016, this study observes that the extremely poor are deprived of their share of the benefits that digitalization can offer. Therefore, while strategies to further promote digitalization are critical to economic development, support systems or policies meant to bring those in extreme poverty into mainstream development are badly needed.
Tissue Procurement: Normal Colon v1
Authors: Wiles Kerry
Published: February 2021

Tissues are procured from a variety of different anatomic sites, each with their own unique qualities to be considered during collection. Anatomic site-specific standard operating procedures (SOPs) are required to address these unique qualities and assist with investigator-specific requests. This protocol for the collection of normal (NL) colon applies for normal adjacent tissue (NAT) in cancerous colons and also for histologically normal diverticulitis colon tissue.
Simulation of Radiation Charging of Microelectronic Equipment Cases for Space Applications
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 101000, Russian Federation, Abrameshin D. A. , Pozhidaev E. D. ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 101000, Russian Federation, Tumkovskiy S. R. ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 101000, Russian Federation
Published: February 2021

A model and a method for mathematical modeling of radiation charging of polymer microelectronic equipment housings with increased conductivity are developed, which are based on the application of the approximation function of the experimental dependence of the housing conductivity on the irradiation time obtained using parametric identification methods. The research results are aimed at developing composite polymer materials for microelectronic equipment housings with a conductivity that ensures the absence of electrostatic discharges and significantly increases the active life of spacecraft.
Method for Identifying the Information Security Status of Internet of Things Devices
Authors:   NPK TRISTAN, St. Petersburg, 195256, Russian Federation, Sukhoparov M. E. , Lebedev I. S. ,   St. Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 199178, Russian Federation, Salakhutdinova K. I. ,   St. Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 199178, Russian Federation
Published: February 2021

An approach to analyzing the state of information security of industrial Internet devices and the Internet of things is described. External control systems that use side channels and allow to avoiding the consumption of computing resources of functioning devices are used. The proposed solution allows one to monitor the state of the device on-line with minimal costs for using computing resources during operation.
The Estimate of Cytokines and Fibroblast Growth Factors in Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Rafiq Shvan , Rahman Heshu , Amin Kawa
Published: February 2021

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide; it is a disease characterized by the growth of malignant cells within the mammary glands. It strikes males and females; there are diverse sorts of breast cancer. Cytokines and fibroblast growth factors that play a critical role in the development and progression of breast cancer. The aim of the present study is to assess the role and the level of certain cytokines, and fibroblast growth factors in the serum of patients with breast cancer. This is case-control study, blood samples were collected randomly from 60 newly diagnosed female patients, and 60 healthy female subject controls of all age groups. Venous blood samples were collected and analyzed for cytokines (Interleukin-19 and Interleukin-23) and fibroblast growth factors (FGF-18 and FGF-23) by using ELISA. There was a highly significant difference (p <0.001) detected in serum IL-19, IL-23, and FGF-18 levels of patients compared to healthy controls except for FGF-23, which was also recorded higher value in patients but not significantly compared to controls. There was a significant positive correlation (p <0.001) between all these markers. The present study reveals significantly higher concentrations of the markers detected in patients’ blood serum compared to healthy individuals. The detection of the cytokines’ levels and their relations with breast cancer will affect the diagnosis, knowledge about the disease immunology and thereafter effects on the treatments of patients with breast cancer depending on our findings.
A survey study of Pesticide application pattern in selected plastic houses in Sulaimani governorate/ Iraq
Authors: Ahmed Zana , Majeed Bzhwen
Published: February 2021

This study was conducted to determine the frequency and types of used pesticides in some plastic houses in Sulaimaniyah.  The levels of perception and behavior of farmers regarding usage of pesticide; and farmer attitude towards the importance of pest management practice adoption are investigated. The study was quantitative research.  Sources of data were collected from observation, questionnaire, and in-depth interview methods. The respondents were vegetable growers inside high tunnels plastic houses from October 2019 to February 2020, (n=102).  The study found that different insecticides and fungicides were mostly applied by vegetable growers.  Insecticides were applied by 55.95% of respondents compared to fungicides and herbicides 28.19%, 15.86% respectively. Abamectin insecticide was the most used active ingredient 54.90% among the farmers, followed by Cyflumetofen 45.10% of respondents.  It was also found that 92.16%, 54.90%, 5.88%, and 43.14% of respondents followed retailer instruction, label instruction, government regulation, and past experiences respectively during pesticide usage.  The data revealed that 100% of respondents have never received government support in terms of pesticide allocation.  Only 11.76% of respondents have been regulated by the government. Immediate comprehensive intervention is recommended to prevent potential hazards and health risks through training programs on pesticide use for farmers, distributors, and retailers. Further laboratories pesticide residue analyses are needed to evaluate potential toxic effects of the most commonly used pesticides.
Physicochemical properties of Walnuts (Juglans regia L.) shells and kernels growing in different locations in Kurdistan region-Iraq
Authors: Salih Hayman
Published: February 2021

Some physicochemical properties of walnut shell, kernel and oil of fifteen samples of walnut grown in different locations in Kurdistan region-Iraq were determined. Three principal dimensions such as length, width and thickness, volume and projected area of walnut and its kernels were measured using image processing technique. Based on three principal dimensions, some dimensional properties including geometric mean diameter, arithmetic mean diameter, sphericity, volume and surface area of the nuts and kernels were calculated. Also gravimetric properties of nuts and kernels such as true density of nuts and kernels were studied. Furthermore other physical properties such as weight of nut, weight of kernel, percentage yield of walnut, total oil content, ash contents, moisture contents, pH value, relative density and refractive index of the oils were also determined.  The variations in physical properties such as size dimensions, arithmetic mean diameter, geometric mean diameter, unit mass, sphericity, surface area, true density and volume of shells and kernel of walnuts as a function of the moisture content were determined. With an increase in the moisture content, the surface area, sphericity, true density and volume of shells and kernel of walnuts increased. In addition, the oil yields from the kernels had ranged between 36.07% to 70.24%. The moisture contents of shells and kernels ranged between 6.34% to 10.11% and 3.68% to 5.62%, respectively; and the ash content of kernels were ranged between 0.94% to 2.2%. On the other hand, the refractive index of oils were determined between 1.4734 and 1.4767, pH-values of kernel oils were ranged between 6.23 and 7.02 and the relative density were determined between 0.9746 and 0.9801.  Finally the present study was showed that the walnut kernels in Kurdistan region did not show any considerable significant variations with reference to their physical and chemical properties.
On Cancellation Modules
Authors: Jabbar Adil , Saeed Dana
Published: February 2021

In this paper, the concept of cancellation modules is introduced, where  is a prime ideal of a commutative ring  with identity, also the effect of localization on cancellation modules is studied and some properties of this type of modules are given, furthermore some conditions are given which make cancellation modules as a cancellation and conversely. Also, the effect of ascending chain conditions and descending chain conditions on the cancellation modules are studied and different characterizations of this type of cancellation modules are given.
Numerical investigation of the two– dimensional time–dependent diffusion equation using Radial basis functions
Authors: Mesgarani Hamid , Bakhshandeh Masoud , Aghdam Yones
Published: February 2021

This paper develops a numerical method for solving the partial differential equation in terms of Caputo derivatives with Dirichlet boundary conditions. The approach is based on the two-dimensional Chebyshev wavelet of the second kind with the operational matrix of the collocation method. Furthermore, the convergence and error bound of the proposed method are investigated. For the illustration of the effects of the proposed method, we solve four examples by the presented technique. The obtained results are compared with the results obtained via other numerical methods in which our results are much more accurate than others.