bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Codzienne wydatki wielkiego marszałka zakonu krzyżackiego z lat 1433–1435
Authors: Radoch Marek
Published: February 2021

Szczegółowa analiza zachowanych rachunków z końca 1433 i z 1434 i 1435 r. pokazuje nam, że:

wydatki wielkiego marszałka podczas jego urzędowania w Królewcu dotyczyły:

- zakupu: napojów (piwa, wina i miodu pitnego), ryb (śledzi, dorszy i innych), oleju, octu, grochu, cebul, gorczycy, krude (przypraw korzennych, bakalii czy ryżu, cukru innych produktów – w związku z ucztami), wyposażenia kuchennego; różnych tkanin i futer, pergaminu do pisania, wosku do pieczęci i do świec, dziegciu do pielęgnacji kopyt końskich i smarowania osi wozów, koni, pługów konnych i kusz;

- opłacenia: karła, występów grajków, lutnisty, puzonisty, trębacza i popisów tanecznych dzieweczek; sokolników i zakupu sokołów; artystycznych dzieł malarza (m.in. obrazu św. Erazma) i złotnika (m.in. srebrnych sówek); usług krawca, kapelusznika, praczki, szewca, łaziebnika, balwierza, kowala, stelmacha, stajennych, puszkarza, smolarza, szypra, robotników rolnych, wszelkiego rodzaju posługaczy; remontu okólnika dla koni i strzelnicy;

- wypłacenia wynagrodzeń: dla pisarza wielkiego marszałka Mikołaja, starszego kapelana chóru i kapelana chóru i dinerów (domowników);

- wsparcia finansowego: osób potrzebujących (starszych byłych urzędników, chorych księży, chcących udać się na pielgrzymkę, urzędników zakonnych w stanie czynnym, rycerzy, mieszczan (kupców) i witingów.

wydatki wielkiego marszałka podczas objazdów przez niego dolnopruskich ziem państwa krzyżackiego dotyczyły:

- bardzo częstych pobytów w Wałdowie - gościnnego przyjmowania wielkiego mistrza, marszałka krajowego inflanckiego, wielkiego komtura; zakupów m.in.: świń, cielaków, baranów, kur, jaj, dziczyzny, ryb, napojów, soli, owsa, wosku do pieczęci dla pisarza; remontu łaźni, naprawy rynny dachowej nad izbą wielkiego marszałka, oszklenia pokoju mieszkalnego;

- częstych pobytów na wybrzeżu (m. in. przy Lochstadt, Sarkawie, Szakach i Rositach) - spotkań z wielkim komturem, marszałkiem krajowym inflanckim, mistrzem inflanckim i księciem litewskim Świdrygiełłą, jak też z tamtejszymi Kuronami i Kuronkami - zakupów m. in. owsa, piwa gdańskiego, kubków, naczyń szklanych, dzbanów, uzd i soli; opłacania bednarzy i rymarzy;

- krótkich pobytów - jednorazowych w 1434 r. w Gierdawach i Węgorzewie -jednorazowych w 1435 r.  w Rudawie, Krzemitach, Judytach, Tapiawie, Brandenburgu (Pokarminie), Frydlądzie i Alemborku – kilkakrotnych w 1435 r. w Kapornie, Galtgarbenie, Pobthenie i Memlu (Kłajpedzie); m.in. goszczenia w Rudawie marszałka krajowego inflanckiego, budowy stodoły w Kapornie czy rozbudowy zamku memelskiego.

wydatki wielkiego marszałka związane z jego podróżami w inne części państwa zakonnego dotyczyły:

- zjazdów w Elblągu i w Toruniu; odwiedzin Malborka, Elbląga, Gdańska, Przezmarka i Dąbrówna; zakupów m. in. wina, ryb i owsa.
Unia lubelska w historiografii polskiej XIX i XX wieku
Authors: Czerniecka-Haberko Anna
Published: February 2021

Tekst stanowi rozważania nad wytworami pracy polskich historyka przedstawiających obrazy unii lubelskiej. Unii, która była – i jest po dzień dzisiejszy – obecna w polskiej narracji historycznej. Analiza źródeł historiograficznych pozwala wnioskować, że literatura obejmująca swą problematyką badawczą unię lubelską, jest równocześnie bogata, ale i uboga. Ilościowo jest bowiem dość obszerna, jednak jej gruntowna analiza pozwala wnioskować, że większość publikacji zawiera jedynie fraktografię.Zainteresowanie tematyką unii lubelskiej, na przestrzeni omawianych dwóch wieków, było uwarunkowane wielopłaszczyznowością tego zagadnienia. Problematyka unii w sposób wyraźny uwypukla współzależność między treściami historiograficznymi a społeczną świadomością historyczną. Dlatego w tekście przybliżono owe obrazy począwszy od romantyzmu, a kończąc na latach dziewięćdziesiątych XX wieku. Ramy chronologiczne wymusiły podział pracy na pięć epok historiograficznych (czasy przedstyczniowe, czasy postyczniowe, przełom wieków, Druga Rzeczpospolita, lata powojenne). Praca ma charakter studium analitycznego, opartego na szerokiej bazie źródeł historiograficznych, na którą składają się dzieła polskich historyków prowadzących działalność naukową od pierwszej połowy wieku XIX aż po koniec wieku XX. W każdej z omawianych epok poddano analizie poglądy historyków najbardziej reprezentatywnych dla każdego przedziału czasowego.
Problem zdrowia człowieka na łamach „Przeglądu Weterynaryjnego” (choroby cywilizacyjne)
Authors: Bujko Anna
Published: February 2021

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie sytuacji zdrowotnej ludności na ziemiach polskich pod zaborami oraz w innych krajach, przedstawionych w „Przeglądzie Weterynaryjnym”, w kontekście najgroźniejszych dla człowieka chorób. Było to czasopismo branżowe, powstałe w 1886 r., w którym publikowali głównie polscy lekarze weterynarii. Stanowi ono doskonałe źródło dla badaczy historii weterynarii, ale również zawiera cenne informacje z zakresu medycyny. Tekst poświęcony jest najniebezpieczniejszym chorobom, z jakimi zmagano się w II połowie XIX i I połowie XX w. Redaktorzy i autorzy publikujący w periodyku byli świadkami największych odkryć medycyny. Ludwik Pasteur, Robert Koch i wielu innych – to nazwiska, które pojawiają się kartach czasopisma przez niemal kilkadziesiąt lat.„Przegląd” pokazuje ogromny wpływ medycyny weterynaryjnej na zdrowie człowieka, dzięki której skutecznie walczono z chorobami zwierząt, stanowiących ogromne zagrożenie. Nowości w zakresie medycyny docierały do czytelników niemal na bieżąco. Na temat zdrowia człowieka pisali polscy autorzy; zamieszczano teksty pojawiające się w innych czasopismach, także zachodnich. Wiedzę na temat chorób, z jakimi zmagały się ówczesne społeczeństwa, uzupełniały omówienia najnowszej literatury, głównie zachodniej.
Cmentarz Sapieżyński w Stanisławowie
Authors: Nicieja Stanisław Sławomir
Published: February 2021

Artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie historii jednego z największych polskich cmentarzy na Kresach, który istniał tam przez 200 lat i było na nim pochowanych kilkadziesiąt tysięcy Polaków,w tym artystów, poetów, pisarzy, rzeźbiarzy, wybitnych polityków, samorządowców i żołnierzy walczących o niepodległość Polski w różnych powstaniach. Nekropolia ta została w 1980 r. przez władze sowieckie zlikwidowana: buldożery splantowały cały teren. Rozbite nagrobki wywieziono poza granice miasta, a w miejscu tym postawiono gmach teatru i hotel.Dzięki odnalezionej dokumentacji fotograficznej i literaturze przedmiotu autor odtwarza historię tej nekropolii i przywołuje biografie najważniejszych postaci tam pochowanych. Jest to pierwsze tak obszerne opracowanie dziejów tej unicestwionej, a niezwykle ważnej w historii Polski nekropolii.
Próba likwidacji wyznania Świadków Jehowy w Polsce w drugiej połowie 1950 roku. Zarys zagadnienia
Authors: Jasiński Grzegorz
Published: February 2021

Po 1945 r. Świadkowie Jehowy stanowili w Polsce relatywnie niewielkie wyznanie, liczące kilkadziesiąt tysięcy wiernych, kierowane przez Radę Główną w Łodzi. Ze względu na aktywnośćmisyjną, zasadę neutralności wobec państwa, wyrażającą się nieangażowaniem w jego struktury i odmawianiem udziału w tych jego poczynaniach, które wyznawcy uznawali za niezgodne z prawem Bożym, i wreszcie z uwagi na główną siedzibę mieszczącą się w Stanach Zjednoczonych, od 1946 r. uważano ich za potencjalne źródło niepokojów społecznych. Od 1948 r. władze państwowe zaczęły dostrzegać w nich także zagrożenie dla ustroju komunistycznego oraz środowisko prowadzące działalność szpiegowską na rzecz krajów zachodnich. Idąc za przykładem Czechosłowacji, na przełomie 1949 i 1950 r. podjęto decyzję o zlikwidowaniu wyznania. Intensywne przygotowania do realizacji tego zamiaru trwały od marca 1950 r. W czerwcu 1950 r. przeprowadzono liczne aresztowania, które kontynuowano również w następnych miesiącach (operację tę nazwano „akcją J”). Od czerwca do grudnia 1950 r. do więzień trafiło około trzech tysięcy Świadków Jehowy, ponad trzystu z nich wytoczono procesy, pozostałych stopniowo zwalniano, żądając zerwania z wyznawaną religią. Akcja kasacji wyznania kosztowała życie co najmniej kilkunastu osób. Wyznanie Świadków Jehowy zdelegalizowano formalnie 2 lipca 1950 r. W artykule skupiono się na opisie przygotowań do zniesienia wyznania, przybliżeniu kryteriów, według których dokonywano aresztowań oraz ustaleniu ich zakresu. Pominięto natomiast, z uwagi na obszerność zagadnienia, następstwa tych poczynań: procesy sądowe, skazywanie na pobyt w obozach pracy, zmuszanie do wystąpienia z wyznania, zwolnienia z pracy, wysiedlenia i innego rodzaju działania represyjne.
Stanowiska kierowania Wojewódzkiego Komitetu Obrony w Olsztynie w świetle dokumentów Służby Bezpieczeństwa
Authors: Gross Radosław
Published: February 2021

Wojewódzkie Komitety Obrony w okresie tzw. Polski Ludowej, obok innych zadań, miały przede wszystkim sprawować władzę na podległym im obszarze w czasie wojny, podejmować działania zmierzające do zorganizowania obrony w oparciu o jednostki terytorialne i powszechną samoobronę. W stanach bezpośredniego zagrożenia lub wojny działać miały w miejscach ukrytych, zamaskowanych, spełniających dość surowe wymogi dotyczące bezpieczeństwa. Wytypowanie miejsc lokalizacji stanowisk kierowania i ich przygotowanie stało się niezwykle ważnym zadaniem Wojewódzkich Komitetów Obrony. Służba Bezpieczeństwa zajęła się zabezpieczeniem kontrwywiadowczym stanowisk kierowania. W ramach tych działań dążono do zachowania w tajemnicy ich lokalizacji i właściwego przeznaczenia. Analiza dokumentów wytworzonych przez Służbę Bezpieczeństwa skłania do refleksji na temat motywów, którymi kierowano się w wyznaczaniu ich lokalizacji (m.in. w obiektach o funkcjach edukacyjnych), a także ogromnej roli jaką przypisywały tym obiektom ówczesne władze centralne i lokalne.
Historical Path Dependency and Media Freedom: Poland and Ukraine in the 1990s
Authors: Soroka Svitlana , Palagnyuk Yuliana
Published: February 2021

The paper’s objective is to explain the different levels of media freedom in the post-socialist counties of Central and Eastern Europe in the 1990s, particularly in Po­land and Ukraine. Even though these two countries are very close geographically, they started the process of transition from communism to democracy and initiated media reforms in the same period, in 10 years the results of these processes were dif­ferent: Poland achieved the level of free media whereas Ukraine did not. The theories of Putnam’s deep long-term historical path dependence approach, East Central Euro­pean historians and path dependence approaches of the economic reforms in the 1990s in the Central and Eastern European countries of post-socialist transitions are com­bined and applied for the analysis of media freedom in the 1990s and its deep histori­cal predecessors in the sample countries.
The Incarnational Sense of God’s Mercy
Authors: Woźniak Jakub Józef , Śledziewski Sławomir
Published: February 2021

The mercy of God who comes towards man is often equated with the event of the Passover, of Jesus’s suffering and death, where his love of man reaches its fullness. As a result, we often seem to forget about the beginning of God’s presence amongst men, the beginning which makes this presence tangible. His Incarnation is a manifestation of God’s love and mercy for us, a coming forward of the Other towards man, towards his sin. This paper undertakes to portray the sense and the need of the Incarnation. It discusses the terminological meaning of the word “incarnation” and outlines its Biblical references. Furthermore, it explores the meaning of God’s “self-abasement,” the motives and effects of the Incarnation and the connection between the Incarnation and the Passover.
… przed Panem będę tańczył (2 Sm 6, 21b). Taniec Dawida i bezdzietność Mikal w świetle 2 Sm 6, 1-23
Authors: Nalewaj Aleksandra
Published: February 2021

Taniec jest jedną z najstarszych form sztuki. Od tysięcy lat związany jest z ludzką egzystencją. W Piśmie Świętym znajdujemy liczne przykłady tańca liturgicznego, wykonywanego podczas uroczystych świąt Izraela (np. Ps 149, 3 por. Ps 68, 25-27) bądź towarzyszącego nadzwyczajnym wydarzeniom (np. Wj 15, 20; Sdz 11, 34; 1 Sm 18, 6-7). Taniec Dawida przed Arką Przymierza opisany w 2 Sm 6, 1-23 jest jednym z najbardziej znanych i najczęściej cytowanych przykładów tańca sakralnego. Podczas lektury tekstu nasuwa się wiele pytań: Dlaczego Dawid sprowadził Arkę do Jerozolimy? Dlaczego tańczył przed świętą skrzynią i jaki charakter miał ów taniec? Czy istnieje związek między tańcem króla, wzgardą jego żony Mikal oraz jej bezdzietnością, o czym jakby mimochodem informuje w. 23? Celem niniejszego opracowania jest analiza tekstu zawartego w 2 Sm 6, 1-23 oraz próba odpowiedzi na postawione kwestie.
Wróżbiarstwo i praktyki magiczne w świetle dokumentów wczesnochrześcijańskich synodów oraz ustaw państwowych pierwszych cesarzy chrześcijańskich (IV-VI w.)
Authors: Piechocka-Kłos Maria
Published: February 2021

Chrześcijanie późnego antyku, mimo rosnącej roli chrześcijaństwa i uznania go za religię państwową, żyli w świecie, który nadal obfitował w różnorodne formy kultu po­gańskiego. Pogańskie wróżbiarstwo i liczne praktyki magiczne wciąż miały doskonałe warunki do rozwoju. Kulturowa i religijna działalność człowieka, mimo zakazów pań­stwowych i kościelnych, w naturalny sposób utrzymywała potrzebę podejmowania prób, za pomocą specjalnych środków i technik, poznania przyszłości lub wpłynięcia na los i przebieg wydarzeń. Takiej sytuacji sprzyjał fakt, że chrześcijanie nie żyli w izolacji, lecz współegzystowali z poganami na terenie Imperium Romanum. W niniejszej publi­kacji przedstawiono szczegółową analizę postanowień synodów obradujących od IV do VI w. w odniesieniu do wróżbiarstwa i praktyk magicznych. Analizie w tej kwestii pod­dano m.in. kanony ogłoszone w Elwirze (306), Arles (314), Laodycei we Frygii (koniec IV w.), Saliq w Seleucji-Ktezyfonie (410), Irlandii (456–465), Vannes w Bretanii (461–491), Galii (ok. 475–485), Agde (506), Orleanie (511), Eleuze (551) dwa razy ponow­nie w Seleucji-Ktezyfonie (544 i 554) oraz w Bradze (572) i Narbon (589). W celu pełniej­szego ukazania przywołanego w temacie zagadnienia omówiono również prawodawstwo cesarskie, ogłaszane w sprawach religijnych przez pierwszych chrześcijańskich cesarzy rzymskich, począwszy od Konstantyna aż do Arkadiusza. Analizie poddano przede wszystkim ustawy zawarte w 16 księdze Kodeksu Teodozjańskiego. W tym kontekście przywołano edykty cesarskie ogłoszone w latach 341, 381, 385, 392, 395 oraz 396.
Discipline and Publish?
Authors: Seiler Cotten
Published: February 2021

Ten years ago a new journal that would anchor and foster what would become known as the “new mobility studies” appeared: Transfers. The intervening years have seen it grow into an important multidisciplinary, if not yet quite interdisciplinary, journal for researchers around the world. Reflecting on Transfers’ founding and first decade, this essay comments on the salutary development within the journal’s pages of “worlding” the European and North American analyses that had characterized early mobility studies, and cautions against underestimating the continuing power of the state in constructing and administering environments of mobility.
“Text-as-Means” versus “Text-as-End-in-Itself”
Authors: Pearce Lynne
Published: February 2021

This article explores three reasons why literary scholars have been slow to engage with both the New Mobilities Paradigm and the New Mobilities Studies promoted by Transfers, namely: (1) the residual conservatism of “English studies”; (2) the sort of textual practice associated with “literary criticism” (where the text remains the primary object of study); and (3), the tension between the humanist and/or “subject-centered” nature of most literary scholarship and the posthumanist approaches of mobilities scholars based in the social sciences and other humanities subjects. However, the close reading of literary and other texts has much to contribute to mobilities studies including insight into the temporalities—both personal and social—that shape our long-term understanding of contemporary events such as the current pandemic.
Students’ Ability to Communicate a Critical Situation After Implementation of ISBARR in an Undergraduate Nursing Curriculum
Authors: Shanks Linda Creadon , Enlow Michele , Guhde Jacqueline
Published: February 2021

Effective communication has been identified as a key factor in maintaining patient safety, promoting a professional attitude, and facilitating collaboration between health care professionals. This study evaluated whether the implementation of ISBARR (I=Identify Self, S=Situation, B=Background, R=Recommendations, R=Read Back Orders) into the curriculum improved nursing students’ ability to give a critical situation report. A sample of senior level students watched a videotaped critical situation and then gave an audiotaped ISBARR report. There were no significant differences in students’ ability to give an ISBARR report following implementation of ISBARR into the curriculum. There was a moderate correlation of ISBARR scores with grade point average (GPA). Students with higher GPAs did better in communicating a critical situation. As with any change, implementation of ISBARR into the curriculum will take time to be fully integrated. The true impact on student outcomes and performance may not be apparent for a number of years.
Creativity in Foreign Language Teaching
Authors: Cimermanová Ivana
Published: February 2021

The author deals with a topic quite often discussed by not only pedagogy and psychology. Creativity is present everywhere and the author suggests it should be a part of University education preparing pre-service teachers. Even though there are researches proving that creativity can be learnt and developed (to certain extent) it is still missing at our schools. Students and pupils still claim that they are asked to memorize the facts rather than to discuss their own opinions and perception.The study briefly presents part of the data gained in the research focused on using creativity at elementary and secondary schools. The interview with 22 teachers was done in 2 sessions (10 and 12 teachers to manage to administer the responses).
Geography Teacher as an Effective Classroom Manager
Authors: Ababio Bethel T
Published: February 2021

The Geography Teacher in the classroom setting is confronted on a daily basis with situations which require effective decision-making. By and large, the quality of the decision s/he makes daily determines the attainment of her/his instructional goals. But unfortunately, some teachers are unable to attain their instructional goals due to their poor decision-making skills. This article is an attempt to educate teachers in general and geography teachers in particular on the decision-making skills that they have to demonstrate in the teaching learning process. The article deals with issues such as the functional roles of the Geography Teacher as regards lesson planning, lesson implementation and lesson evaluation. In performing these functions, the Geography Teacher will have to demonstrate her/his decision-making skills with regard to what to teach, when to teach, how to teach and how to evaluate.
Using Social Media Data as Research Data
Authors: Silwal Suman , Callahan Dale W
Published: February 2021

Social Media (SM) is becoming a normal part of everyday life. The information generated from Social Media (SM) data is becoming increasingly utilized as a communication channel for market trend, brand awareness, breaking news, and online social interaction between person to person. SM is also rapidly growing and maturing [1]. Further, SM is becoming a reliable tool for interdisciplinary industries like banks, travel, healthcare, biotech, software, sports etc.SM data can also be used as a research tool to apply in different areas of Humanities, Art, Science and Engineering. There are unlimited possibilities using Social Networking Site (SNS) to collect, process and evaluate data. This paper reviews the current state of Social Networking Sites and Text-based Language Processes, and how it can be used to generate valuable information.
Evaluation of Lactose in Milk and Dairy Products
Authors: Costa Simone Leal da , Rossi Natália Porfírio , Maldonado Rafael Resende
Published: February 2021

Milk is an emulsion containing fat, protein, carbohydrate, vitamins, minerals and water. Lactose is the main carbohydrate presented in milk and dairy products. This sugar is composed by one unit of glucose and one of galactose. Metabolism of lactose depends on enzyme lactase which hydrolyzes this sugar. In some cases, lactase may be absent or an insufficient quantity in human body. Deficiency in lactase production causes numerous symptoms such as diarrhea; abdominal pain and bloating that characterize lactose intolerance. The aim of this work was to evaluate concentration of lactose in milk and dairy products to determine the effect of the processing and to calculate the quantity of each product which can be consumed without symptoms in lactose intolerant. Results obtained show lactose concentration of 4.42% w/v in Milk; 3.5% w/w in Minas cheese; 9.9%w/v in condensed milk and 4.76%w/v in yogurt. Portion innocous ranged from 60 to 170 mL depending on each product.
THEMATIC ANALYSIS OF UTENDI WA MWANA KUPONA: A SWAHILI/ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Timammy Rayya , Swaleh Amir
Published: February 2021

This paper has the objective to make a thematic analysis of a classic poem Utendi wa Mwana Kupona using a Swahili/Islamic approach. The poem is believed to have been written by Mwana Kupona binti Mshamu in 1858. The poem is intended to be a motherly advice to her daughter about her religious and marital duties in a Swahili society.As a background to this paper, it was found out that Swahili culture has been greatly influenced by Islam. Ever since Arab, Persian, Indian and other merchants from Asia and the Middle East visited the East African coast to trade or settle, the Waswahili people embraced Islam. The Islamic religion influenced Swahili culture greatly. One of the more direct influences was the adoption of the Arabic script which the Swahili used to write their poetry and used it for other communication.The Arabic language had a lot of impact on the Kiswahili language, enriching it with new vocabulary, and especially religious and literary terminology. This is why a majority of the Waswahili are Muslims; hence Islam is an attribute accompanying the definition of ‘Mswahili’. A modest estimate would put words borrowed from the Arabic language into the Kiswahili language at between twenty to thirty percent.The eighteenth and nineteenth centuries saw a rapid development of written Kiswahili literature, especially in verse form. The majority or almost all of the poets of the time were very religious or very knowledgeable about Islam. This is the reason most poems of the time were pervaded by Islamic religious themes or other themes but definitely using an Islamic perspective. Utendi wa Mwana Kupona is one such verse. It is a mother’s advice to her daughter about her duties and obligations towards God, and specifically, towards a husband.
Taming the Green-Eyed Monsters
Authors: Othman Mohd Razali , Roose Aina Razlin Mohd , Lim Sheilla Lim Omar
Published: February 2021

Issues related to jealousy in organization are rarely discussed openly among the management and employees. Yet, this strong emotion can lead to numbers of unpleasant impacts such as lowering employees’ job motivation and decreasing company’s productivity. A study conducted with 209 employees from a prominent private organization in Malaysia has shown that jealousy is the most influential factor that contributes to interpersonal relationship problem, which consequently affect the employees’ job performance. With the usage of on-line survey namely Employee Need Analysis Inventory Online Counseling Management System (ENAICMS), it is found that employees with interpersonal relationship problem faced communication problems with the management and colleagues, as well as commitment to work in team. The chaining problems may eventually harm the organization if appropriate actions are not taken. This conceptual paper aims to illustrate how ENAICMS Jealousy Intervention can help the organization to reduce envy and jealousy problem among employees. Interventions such as individual and group counseling, workshop, awareness program, and transforming organization’s policy are explained in detail.
Global Climate Change Coverage in Malaysia Mainstream Newspapers
Authors: Ghazali Rahmat Bin , Azmi Nor Jijidiana Binti
Published: February 2021

Global Climate Change can affect human life and activities. The rising amount of natural disasters, the warming of the Earth and the melting of the icebergs are some examples of its effects. This study is conducted to analyze the coverage of global climate change issue in four Malaysia mainstream newspapers. The data for this study are collected from January 2008 to December 2010. A content analysis is conducted to identify the frequency of the articles related with global climate change, the articles length, the trend of newspaper coverage and the frames of the articles. The findings for this study will provide an understanding about the ways Malaysia mainstream newspapers provide the coverage about Global Climate Change and the audience reactions towards the issue. The findings also suggested that the coverage of global climate change is influenced by the events pertaining the issue. This can be observed from the trend of newspaper coverage. Finally, the result on the frames indicates that the most published topic in global climate change issue is public action to reduce the effects of global climate change and reduce the emissions of the greenhouse gas.
Sustainable Business Practices for Sustainable Futures
Authors: Grant Terri , Nodoba Gaontebale
Published: February 2021

The Professional Communication Unit (PCU) at the University of Cape Town (UCT) has developed innovative, multimodal teaching approaches that aim to contribute to the notion of corporate citizenship. Two separate course partnerships strive to equip senior commerce students with graduate attributes valued in business and government. Course one involves a partnership with environmental consultants who collaborate with staff to mentor students during their institutional investigation of sustainable business practices. Course two involves collaboration between students, staff and small business owner-managers. It focuses on sustainability practices of the chosen SME in relation to the triple bottom line. The model aims to prepare students for societal challenges in the workplace and to offer technical support to these SMEs to increase their competitiveness. In the wake of global financial and environmental crises, this article amplifies the need for collaborative partnering as all constituents aim to remain relevant and sustainable in the 21st century.
OLYMPIC EDUCATION
Authors: Rubio Katia
Published: February 2021

The educational nature of sport was in the foundation of the Olympic Movement since its inception. Understood as a pedagogical tool, sport was seen by Pierre de Coubertin as a possibility of celebration among people, a way to promote peace and development. In this sense, the Olympic Games are considered the public face of this pedagogical effort, and the understanding of Olympic education promotes values and knowledge on the sports universe and all its symbolic acquis. This argument triggers Olympic education programs by countries and cities involved in sport competitions based on the Olympic model. The aim of this study was to present the Olympic Education program developed by the São Paulo Secretary of Education for teachers working in the public school network of São Paulo. This course conducted over the years 2012 and 2013 relied on the participation of 250 teachers, mostly involved with Student Olympics, competition involving public schools of São Paulo.
LA CITE SANS DIEU (CITY WITHOUT GOD)
Authors: Author Author
Published: February 2021

The power of science is dazzling: to create and clone life in the laboratory, to send words and pictures thousands of miles away by the touch of a button, etc. Today we live in a world of spaceship, of satellite, of computer and the test tube. Advances in genetic engineering have given us the power to intervene in the structure of DNA, the stuff of life itself. So in a way we are Godlike in our achievements, with the power to create and to destroy. However, it has become necessary to temper the scientific progress by the moral imperative, and to add Divine wisdom to human knowledge. To exclude God from human calculations, and to rely solely on human power, without seeking to do the will of our creator, is to build a Tower of Babel, which in itself is a symbol of self-destructive human arrogance. Therefore, religion must be seen to be very relevant and vital in our age and time, for it testifies to the spiritual values of truth, justice, love and peace, which alone can form a sound basis for lasting human fulfilment.
PERFORMANCE AND PRODUCTIVITY CHANGES OF MICROFINANCE BANKS IN SOUTH-WEST, NIGERIA.
Authors: Olasupo Musa A. , Afolami Caroline A. , Shittu Adebayo M.
Published: February 2021

The Nigerian Microfinance sub-sector is yet to attain the desired level of global best practice. This paper thus investigates the performance and productivity changes of MFBs in South-West Nigeria, from 2006 to 2010, having had the Microfinance Policy launched in 2005. The study revealed that only 16.28% of the sampled MFBs met the recommended maximum PAR value of 5% in 2006 and that was the highest throughout the sample period. It was also revealed that 31.14% of the sampled MFBs reported a debt/equity ratio of above the recommended value of 2 in 2006, while 32.56% had gearing of over 2 in 2010. The MFBs experienced fluctuating performances in their productivity changes, with pure technical efficiency improvements in 2007 and 2009. However, the MFBs suffered technological decline throughout the study period. Overall, the MFBs experienced Total Factor Productivity improvement in 2007, while there were productivity deteriorations in 2008, 2009 and 2010.
ethical lag regarding the environment and how to address it through education in Malaysia
Authors: Bucher Stefan
Published: February 2021

First I explain the need for environmental ethics in general and in Malaysia in particular. We have been severely lagging ethically regarding the new capabilities and responsibilities we have in affecting the environment in many ways, last not least through our life styles. Therefore it is important to develop environmental ethics education based on both philosophical and religious ethics. A major challenge is to move between tradition and modernity and in an ethical spectrum ranging from theocentrism to enlightened anthropocentrism. Unsustainable patterns like overconsumption and overpopulation have to be addressed as well as the role of active citizenship. Recommended educational approaches include critical thinking, multiple perspectives learning and the learning of values.
Role of Government Agent in Local Administration in Sri Lanka
Authors: Ranasinghe R.A.W
Published: February 2021

The Government Agent (GA) represented the highest authority of the district Administration in the pre-independent Sri Lanka. A similar position known as the “Disawe” could be found in the local administration in the kandyan kingdom. The post of the disawe was replaced by the colonial post of the GA. The powers and functions of the GA made him a petty king in the district. The GA commanded his duty centering in his official place known as Kachchery. The beginning of the 20th Century, the GA played a significant role in district administration in Sri Lanka. Despoil of power and functions of the GA by the political authority were accelerated with the introduction of the Provincial Council system in 1987. Presently the GA is not other than a government servant who plays a role of a coordinator. Also GA has become a victim of the rapid process of politicization of bureaucracy.
Dimensions of Principals’ Characteristics for Improving Efficiency of Schools
Authors: Yunas Muhammad
Published: February 2021

The quality of education could be improved by promoting the internal efficiency of secondary schools, which largely depends on leadership skills of the principals. Principals today function as instructional leaders, who continuously struggle for promoting learning outcomes of pupils, understand curriculum content and instructional skills and motivate teachers to improve these skills by providing them professional and instructional support. Their instructional leaderships could be improved by knowledge of curriculum content and modern teaching methodologies, which promote the internal efficiency of schools. The principals benefit from each other in professional matters and promote collegiality among them. They interact with their colleagues to share knowledge and skills. The experienced principals are good mediators and conflict resolvers. They collaborate with parents and community for improving learning outcomes of students. Administrative competence is important in determining the performance of the best and worst schools. But it is hard to measure it directly. Years of administrative skills and planning are also relevant to competence, but are less likely to be available on any consistent basis and affect the internal efficiency of school. The education level of the principal must ensure that he is an excellent evaluator of the classroom and school objectives. He checks students’ work and gives feedback to teachers after classroom observations. Professional development of principals has an impact on the knowledge, skills and their dispositions. The professional development need of principal is somewhat different from those of teachers and is reflective of the four major categories of development: leadership skills, curriculum related (Instructional, supervision and evaluation) skills, human and financial resource management skills, and knowledge in using departmental rules and regulations. Effective supervision and good governance is affected by number of teachers in a school. Small number of teachers in school ensures close contact between principal and teachers, which makes monitoring and financial accountability more effective, resultantly promotes its efficiency.
College English Reform in the Context of Globalization A Case in Wuhan University
Authors: Li Fang
Published: February 2021

English has been playing the role of world language for it is the most important information carrier and global business language. Faced with challenges from the new century and higher professional and academic demands from students, College English in China should go beyond the traditional teaching mode and course designing as the situation changes. Academic efforts have been made by scholars to research on College English reform both theoretically and empirically. In this paper the case of College English Reform is presented and analyzed with the purpose of exploring an effective path for the reform.
adoption of e-learning systems in low income countries
Authors: Hagos Yonas , Negash Solomon
Published: February 2021

This paper presents the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to examine the adoption of e-learning system in low-income countries, the case of Ethiopia. The research uses a quantitative research approach to examine Ethiopian tertiary level distance students’ determinant factors for the acceptance of e-learning systems. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted to collect data from 255 undergraduate distance learners in a higher education institute in Ethiopia. The data were analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) (Hair et al, 2005) technique to examine the causal model. The results indicated that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use significantly affected distance learners’ behavioral intent to use e-learning system in low-income countries. This study is perhaps one of the first to use TAM model to examine the adoption of e-learning systems among under-graduate level distance students in Ethiopia. The paper provides initial insights in to factors that are likely to be significant antecedents of planning and implementing e-learning systems to enhance distance learners’ acceptance in low income countries.
PRINCIPALS DISTRIBUTED LEADERSHIP PRACTICE OF SCHOOL PERFORMANCE IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL (SMP) SOUTH SULAWESI INDONESIA
Authors: Baharuddin Usman , Daud Khadijah Binti
Published: February 2021

This paper aims to identify the principals distributed leadership practice toward school performance in Junior High Schools, State of South Sulawesi, Indonesia by using quantitative methods. Quantitative data obtained from the questionnaire interviews of 540 respondents from among the teachers. There are four dimensions required for Junior High School principals derived from questionnaire data with the respondent that the vision mission and goals of the school, the school culture, the sharing of responsibilities and leadership practices. The results showed that the culture of the school is the most dominant dimension that can affect school performance and distributed leadership has positive relationship in improving school performance. This means that if the principals perform well in school leadership the school performance can also be improved. Dimensions must be available on the school principals themselves to discharge their duties, especially in leadership activities to improve the performance of schools in South Sulawesi.
Textual Analysis of Kinship Terms in Selected Quranic and Biblical Verses
Authors: Al-Husseini Hashim Aliwy Mohammed , Al-Shaibani Ghayth K. Shaker , Al-Saaidi Sawsan Kareem
Published: February 2021

The study of kinship has attracted the attention of many scholars in various linguistic, anthropological, and religious contexts. Because kinship terms are one of the linguistic systems of any language, the researchers adopted Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistics theory as an analytical tool. This is because this SFL can explicate different fields of study such as linguistics and discourse analysis. Such fields are regarded as fields of language socialization that cannot be studied inseparable from their social or cultural contexts.To achieve a textual analysis of kinship terms, the researchers used selected sampled texts taken from the Glorious Quran and the Holy Bible. The main findings pointed out that Halliday’s model can be applied to different social fields such as religious, political, and economic texts. Such an analysis of these texts may lead to give some solutions to the social and economic problems in which human beings may face in everyday life.
THE FIFTH DISCIPLINE AND TEACHERS COMPETENCE
Authors: Ede Muhammad Natsir , Daud Khadijah Binti
Published: February 2021

This study aims to identify the practice of the learning organization in improving teachers competence. The learning organization run as a guideline for teachers in order to enhance the teachers' spirit in learning. The model used in this learning organization is the Fifth Discipline. It is consist of personal skills, mental models, shared vision, team learning, and system thinking. The Fifth Discipline was developed as a model that can provide a new input for the teachers so that they can learning continue to improve their competency. The method used in this study was mixed methode between quantitative and qualitative methods. This study was conducted at the Junior High School district Sidenreng Rappang South Sulawesi with a total of 500 teachers as samples. The findings of the analysis performed by using SPSS 18.0 indicates that there is a significant correlation (r = .341, p <.05) between the practice of the learning organization and the teachers competency. This analysis indicates that the null hypothesis (Ho) in this study was rejected. This shows that the independent variables of learning organization (X) and the dependent variable of teachers competency (Y) has a positive relationship to improve teacher competence at the Junior High School district Sidenreng Rappang South Sulawesi Indonesia.
Use of Instrument to Measure Student’s Understanding of the Concept of Light Refraction Using Animation Slide Show for Secondary School Students
Authors: Salim Kalbin , Tiawa Dayang Hjh
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to get an idea of the effect of the use of assessment instruments in the form of animation to test understanding of the concept of refraction of light. The method used is a quasi-experiment with design posttest only nonequivalent control group design. As a control group used items were in the form of paper and pencil tests. Study was conducted on a class X student of SMA Tanjungpinang in Provinsi Kepulauan Riau of academic year 2013/2014. Samples were selected two classes of seventh grade classes were randomly parallel, as a control group and experiment group. Sum of sample of 85 people with 42 people for a percentage of the control class and 43 people for classroom experiments. Data collected after the experimental class and control class equally get learning the refraction of light. Gain control class test in the form of paper and pencil test which amounts to about 20 numbers, and the experimental class to get the test in the form of the same animation and the number 20, numbers matter. The research instrument used was a questionnaire about the pretest and posttest design. Data analysis was conducted using inferential statistics using SPSS 17.Based on the results the average score of the experimental class 74% with a standard deviation of 14 and an average score of 31% control class with a standard deviation of 12. It can be concluded that the test results of students' understanding of the concept of refraction of light that gets items were significantly different in animated form compared to students who obtain items were in the form of paper and pencil test. Understanding students' test results in sub concepts Snell's law, a concave lens and a convex lens using items were in the form of animation is higher than the students who use the items were in the form of paper and pencil tests. Students agree with the use of items were in the form of animation on comprehension tests concept of refraction of light. Students stated that the items were animated very interesting, a better understanding of the issue in question, to understand the purpose and content of questions, and a description of the problem becomes clearer. The use of items was suggested in the form of animation to be developed on other concepts in physics learning.
Simple Industrial Process Simulation with Mindstorms NXT as Tool in Automation Lessons
Authors: Maia Bruno Alves , Stoppa Marcelo H.
Published: February 2021

This work presents the development of a simulation prototype for an automated manufacturing process using the Mindstorms NXT LEGO© robotic kit. This process consists of assembling a basic product, namely a mini car done with LEGO© pieces, into two phases. First, the coupling of the body and chassis and after this, the separation of assembled products by colour. The intent here is to show that it is possible to create an automated system with NXT, like a mockup, that can be simulate a real system, and which has similarity to an automated system using a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), with the advantage of being more practical and cheaper than an educational simulation system with PLC. The aims here is present an adaptable tool, to auxiliar the automation teaching and to motivate to use of new technological tools in classroom.
Effects of Integrating Technology on the Fitness Levels of Elementary Students
Authors: Jackson Shelia L , Holeyfield Annette , Strasner Jeanie
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this research was to determine the effects of using technology in physical education classes on the cardiovascular endurance of fourth grade students. Three classes of fourth grade students were randomly assigned to Heart Rate Monitor (HRM), Pedometer, or Control groups and participated in the same physical education activities for 24 weeks. Comparisons on the ½ mile fitness run of the 3 groups were not significantly different from each other (p = .3580) at the beginning of the study. There were no significant correlations (p > 0.05) between activity levels and mile run times after the 24 weeks. A two-way (Treatment x Gender) ANOVA was used to analyse mile run times after the 24 weeks. The main effect of gender (p < 0.01) was significant while the effect of treatment (p > 0.05) and the Treatment x Gender interaction (p > 0.05) were not.
Online Forum
Authors: Sivanandan Premagowrie , Rajandram Kalai Vaani , Chan Ho Ree
Published: February 2021

In the current era of globalization, constant and perpetual advances in information technology are reshaping learning styles and the way students learn in higher education. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the usage of online forums as a platform and learning tool. It also investigated how online forum affected students’ learning, particularly in active learning and independent learning. A survey was conducted amongst 113 business foundation students from a private university in Malaysia. The study found that learning experience and learning satisfaction gained from online forum influence both active learning and independent learning. Conversely, learning ease only affects active learning and not independent learning. These findings draw attention to facets of online forums, which could have an impact on how instructors transfer knowledge and how students learn.
Non-traditional Use of Computer Simulation “My Solar System” in Inquiry-based Teaching
Authors: Slabeycius Juraj , Polcin Danie , Berezina Sofia
Published: February 2021

Teaching method plays crucial role affecting students’ motivation to learn physics. There are many innovative strategies for teaching physics. One of them is inquiry-based teaching. Investigative approach in physics teaching is very effective tool that gives students the opportunity to try their self-procedures used by scientists in investigation of the real problems. The appropriate object of examination can be an interactive computer simulation. The simulation “My Solar System” developed in University of Colorado Boulder was used for this purpose. Students of grammar school were invited to examine this own "pocket universe". The program simulates movement of 2 – 4 gravitationally bound bodies. The students can measure position, velocity and mass of the bodies versus time. The paper describes step by step how to work with students. The students’ activities and obtained skills are described.
RELATIVE EFFICIENCY MEASUREMENT OF THE EDUCATIONAL SCHOOLS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS (DEA) -CASE STUDY
Authors: SOUAR YOUCEF , IMANE AMER , AEK TALHA
Published: February 2021

The aim of this search paper is to shed light on the relative efficiency measurement of the educational schools presented in the sample composed by 33 schools from the perspective of data envelopment analysis (DEA) (Model CRS is oriented input) for the period 2010-2013, where the number of efficient institutions 16 , and 17 inefficient institutions.