bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influência de vórtices na concentração de clorofila da confluência Brasil-Malvinas: Mecanismos inferidos por sensoriamento remoto
Authors: Angel-Benavides Ingrid M. , S. Pilo Gabriela , B. Dias Fabio , A. E. Garcia Carlos
Published: September 2016

This study aims to (a) identify the spatial patterns in the surface phytoplankton abundance, here indexed as satellite chlorophyll-a concentration ([chla]), associated with mesoscale eddies of the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence (BMC) and (b) infer which are the physical mechanisms responsible for such patterns. In this work, the 57 largest eddies in the broad BMC region were selected from a global eddy dataset based on merged satellite altimetry data. Using those eddies, the main mechanisms which may eddies affect the [chla] were tested: (a) the eddy-pumping, (b) the eddy Ekman pumping and (c) the eddy advection of meridional [chla] gradients. Mean spatial chlorophyll and chlorophyll patterns associated with the selected eddies, as well as correlations between variables that describe the [chla], and its spatial anomalies (Δ[chla]), distribution and the eddies’ physical characteristics, were calculated. Positive and negative anomalies associated with cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies’ interiors, respectively, and significant inverse correlations between eddies’ amplitudes and the difference between Δ[chla] inside and outside the eddies, were found as evidence of eddy-pumping mechanism. The [chla] spatial pattern associated to the eddy advection of meridional gradients was evident in the eastern side of the features, as low (high) [chla] being advected from south (north) in anticyclonic (cyclonic) eddies. The magnitude of the difference between Δ[chla] in the east and west eddies’ hemispheres presented itself more dependent on the [chla] meridional gradient intensity than on the eddy rotational velocity. Furthermore, the non-linear parameter of the studied eddies suggest that BCM eddies are capable to transport the water parcels trapped inside them, helping in the propagation of the eddy-pumping signature.
Dieta da Gurijuba - Sciades parkeri - Desembarcada pelas pescarias artesanais de larga escala da costa norte do Brasil
Authors: Duarte Paula Jeanne , Nogueira Luciane de Carvalho , Pimentel Zélia Maria Nunes , Bentes Bianca
Published: September 2016

Sciades parkeri é um peixe marinho/estuarino conhecido popularmente como gurijuba. Para o estudo da dieta foram coletadas amostras bimestrais, na costa do Amapá, entre setembro de 2011 e dezembro de 2012. Em laboratório, os estômagos foram removidos, pesados e seus conteúdos gástricos foram analisados com auxílio de estereomicroscópio. A dieta foi avaliada a partir de métodos de frequência de ocorrência, índice de análise volumétrica e índice de importância alimentar. Foram analisados 189 estômagos; destes, 139 continham alimentos, 25 continham sedimento, 25 estavam vazios.  Os itens alimentares principais foram fragmentos de crustáceos (n=60) peixes (n=33), Cycloplax pinnotheroides (Brachyura) (n=22), Os itens que apresentara as maiores frequências de ocorrência e índice de importância alimentar tanto no período chuvoso quanto no seco foram fragmentos de crustáceos (chuvoso Fi=38,64% e AIi= 65,35% e seco Fi = 48,15% e AIi= 67,76%) e fragmentos de peixes (chuvoso Fi=20,45% e AIi= 19,89% e seco Fi = 27,78% e AIi= 23,45%). As análises indicaram que a S. parkeri é uma espécie essencialmente carnívora.
CARACTERÍSTICAS COMPORTAMENTAIS EMPREENDEDORAS: EM CENA OS FUTUROS ADMINISTRADORES
Authors: Dal Osto Minuzzi Cristiele , Vargas Katiuscia Schiemer , Borges Fialho Camila
Published: September 2016

O objetivo central deste estudo consiste em investigar as Características Comportamentais Empreendedoras (CCEs) mais evidentes em acadêmicos de um Curso Superior em Administração de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior Privada. De forma específica, pretende-se traçar o perfil dos acadêmicos, e, mapear e comparar tais características empreendedoras de acordo com o gênero dos acadêmicos. A pesquisa classifica-se, quanto aos seus objetivos, como descritiva e, quanto à abordagem do problema, como quantitativa. Quanto aos resultados, verificou-se que as Características Comportamentais Empreendedoras do Conjunto de Realização, que estão relacionadas com o desafio pessoal e com a competição como forma de auto avaliação, foram as que mais se destacaram entre os acadêmicos. No que se refere à relação das Características Comportamentais Empreendedoras com o gênero, evidencia-se o fato de que as mulheres, de forma geral, expressam as maiores médias, em oito das dez características, no entanto, não houve diferenças expressivas de média entre os gêneros.
CARREIRA TRADICIONAL OU MODERNA? UM ESTUDO COM ALUNOS DA REDE MUNICIPAL DE ENSINO DE SÃO JOSÉ DOS CAMPOS/SP
Authors: Figueiredo Aline Campos , Del Maestro Filho Antônio , Santos Lucas Maia dos
Published: September 2016

Este artigo analisou a percepção de 185 alunos concluintes do Ensino Fundamental da rede municipal de ensino de São José dos Campos/SP sobre a relação entre educação empreendedora e a formação da visão de carreira. Na base teórica há os conceitos de tipos de carreira profissional, empreendedorismo e educação empreendedora. Optou-se pela realização de um estudo exploratório, descritivo e quantitativo por meio de análise fatorial exploratória e modelagem de equações estruturais. Houve a confirmação da validade nomológica-estrutural do modelo proposto e evidências de que na percepção dos alunos concluintes do Ensino Fundamental de São José dos Campos, a relação da Educação Empreendedora com a Carreira Moderna/Proteana é mais intensa em comparação com a Carreira Tradicional.
COMPORTAMENTO EMPREENDEDOR NO SETOR PÚBLICO: ANÁLISE COMPARADA DE DOIS PRESIDENTES DO BRASIL
Authors: Pereira Isabella Monteiro , Oliveira Denis Renato de , Valadares Josiel Lopes , Emmendoerfer Magnus Luiz
Published: September 2016

Propõe-se, neste trabalho, a análise de Características do Comportamento Empreendedor (CCEs) de dois importantes presidentes corresponsáveis pela construção da Administração Pública (State Building) Brasileira: Getúlio Vargas e Juscelino Kubitschek (JK). Esta proposta se justifica pela necessidade de renovação da administração pública no Brasil e da delimitação de características de um perfil empreendedor no contexto público brasileiro. Para sua operacionalização utilizou-se da pesquisa documental. Em termos de resultados, esta pesquisa proporciona um olhar para a ação empreendedora e política que norteia a visão de dois importantes governantes para o Brasil. As características que nortearam o perfil empreendedor de GV e JK foram fundamentais para a construção do Estado Brasileiro, sobretudo no que concerne o desenvolvimento do aparelho do estado e de políticas públicas urbanas.
USO DO CONCEITO OPORTUNIDADE EM LIVROS NACIONAIS DE EMPREENDEDORISMO À LUZ DA LITERATURA CIENTÍFICA DA ÁREA
Authors: Albanaz Fernanda , Matitz Queila Regina Souza
Published: September 2016

O estudo teve como objetivo verificar o uso do conceito de oportunidade em livros de autores brasileiros voltados à disseminação do empreendedorismo, à luz da literatura científica da área. O estudo se justifica, inicialmente, em função da importância de obras dessa natureza na formação da cultura empreendedora nacional, tanto no ambiente acadêmico universitário quanto no ambiente social geral. Adicionalmente, a realização da pesquisa se justifica com base em estudos científicos recentes com foco no construto oportunidade empreendedora, os quais apontam para a necessidade de investigações do conceito em diferentes contextos culturais e idiomas. A investigação é de natureza qualitativa e exploratória-descritiva. Os dados bibliográficos-textuais foram analisados por meio de análise de conteúdo categorial e temática. Com base nos resultados, observou-se alinhamento entre o uso do conceito nos livros de autores brasileiros e as teorias mais recentes da área, com exceção dos pressupostos a respeito dos efeitos das oportunidades de negócios.
Changes in Diurnal Cliff-Nesting Raptor Occurrence on the Ungalik River in Western Alaska: 1977, 1979, and 2008
Authors: Craig Tim , Craig Erica H.
Published: September 2016

Diurnal cliff-nesting raptors were inventoried on the Ungalik River, Alaska, in 1977 and 1979. In 2008 we resurveyed the drainage, replicating the techniques used in 1979. The density of nesting raptors during the late nesting season has doubled in the past three decades, from six occupied territories detected in 1977 and four in 1979 to 12 in 2008. A single Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) was sighted during aerial surveys in 1977, and a pair of Peregrine Falcons was detected during a boat survey in 1979; however, nesting by these birds was not confirmed. In contrast, we detected five occupied Peregrine Falcon territories along the Ungalik River in 2008. Other changes in cliff-nesting raptor occurrence included a decrease in occupied Gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) territories from four in 1977 to one in 1979 and two in 2008, a decrease in Rough-legged Hawk (Buteo lagopus) nests from one in 1979 (none in 1977) to none in 2008, and increases in Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) nests, from two in 1977 and 1979 to five in 2008. Changes in the number of nests of cliff-nesting raptors in this small population may have resulted, in part, from natural variation associated with changes in weather or prey abundance. However, it is likely that the increase in nesting Peregrine Falcons is related to global population recovery. Our data indicate that factors other than available nesting sites limit cliff-nesting raptor numbers along the Ungalik River. Spatial analysis indicated that cliff-nesting raptor nests were most often on hills or cliffs that face away from the coast, which is the source of most storms.
Rapid Nestling Mortality in Arctic Peregrine Falcons due to the Biting Effects of Black Flies
Authors: Franke Alastair , Lamarre Vincent , Hedlin Erik
Published: September 2016

This note describes nestling mortality in Arctic Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus tundrius) due to the biting effects of blood-feeding black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae). At a nest site near Rankin Inlet, Nunavut, Canada (62˚49′ N, 92˚05′ W), a brood of four nestlings died on 20 July 2013 from the direct effects of severe bites attributed to black flies. Within three hours of the onset of blood-feeding, black flies had caused widespread, uniformly distributed hemorrhagic coalescent lesions over the head and body of all nestlings. Approximately seven hours after the first flies appeared, the female falcon removed the carcasses of the dead nestlings from the nest. Nestlings at eight additional sites also suffered the effects of biting black flies in 2013, resulting in the deaths of 13 of 35 nestlings. A less pronounced outbreak also occurred in 2012 and resulted in the deaths of seven nestlings at four sites. No nestling mortality due to black flies has been documented in any other year from 1982 through 2015. To our knowledge, these observations document the northernmost lethal attack by ornithophilic black flies in North America.
Summer Low Flow Events in the Mackenzie River System
Authors: Woo Ming-ko , Thorne Robin
Published: September 2016

Most northern rivers experience recurrent low flow conditions in the summer (June to September), and rivers of the Mackenzie Basin are no exception. Low flow affects water supply, poses problems for river traffic, and can adversely affect aquatic ecology. Factors that affect summer low flow, which encompasses flows below specified discharge thresholds of concern, include evapotranspiration that leads to water loss from flow-contributing areas, antecedent high flow in which peak discharge is followed by gradual recession to low flow, rainfall and local glacier melt events that interrupt low discharge, replenishments of flow from upstream drainage networks, and arbitrary termination of summer low flow at the end of September. The storage mechanism of large lakes and the regulation effect of reservoirs can produce low flow regimes that differ from those exhibited by rivers without such storage functions. For most rivers, low flow events of longer duration cause larger deficits, and events with large deficits are accompanied by lower minimum discharge. The deficit-to-demand ratio measures the extent to which river flow fails to satisfy water needs. Applying this index to rivers of the Mackenzie drainage shows the hazard of streamflow drought in the basin. Low flow attributes can be summarized by their probability distributions: Gumbel distribution for minimum discharge of events and generalized exponential distribution for event duration. By fitting theoretical distributions to recorded events, one can estimate the probability of occurrence of low flow events that did not occur in the historical past.
El programa EDUCO, las evaluaciones de impacto, y la economía política de la reforma educativa global
Authors: Edwards, Jr. D. Brent , Loucel Urquilla Claudia Elizabeth
Published: September 2016

a en El Salvador, sino además se convirtió en una política educativa de carácter global, conocida por descentralizar, hacia las familias rurales, la responsabilidad de contratar y despedir maestros. Como se presenta en este artículo, su ascenso a la fama no fue producto únicamente del contexto político-económico en el que nació; su fama también es el resultado de las evaluaciones de impacto producidas por el Banco Mundial, que sirvieron como base de evidencia a través de la cual ésta y otras instituciones internacionales podían promover, de forma legítima, el modelo neoliberal de participación de la comunidad representado por EDUCO. Sin embargo, de una manera problemática, una re-apreciación de estas evaluaciones de impacto, revela, en primer lugar, que los hallazgos y conclusiones sobre los efectos significativos de EDUCO no fueron justificados, y, en segundo lugar, que la producción de las evaluaciones de impacto en su conjunto es fundamentalmente defectuosa debido al nexo  intelectual-político-financiero del cual emergieron estos estudios, y hacia el cual retornaron para promover—alrededor del mundo—soluciones de políticas orientadas al mercado. En este sentido, para explicar las dinámicas de la reforma que dieron lugar a EDUCO, este documento (a) revisa sistemáticamente los hallazgos y limitantes de cada uno de los seis estudios de impacto que constituyen la base internacional de conocimiento alrededor de esta política, (b) reconsidera lo que, de forma razonable, podemos exigir saber sobre EDUCO, (c) refleja las implicaciones nacionales e internacionales de la revisión crítica aquí presentada (d) resalta las falencias del método de investigación de las evaluaciones de impacto y (e) sugiere varios métodos alternativos que pueden ofrecer hallazgos relevantes para las políticas.
NOVEL SNP OF CALPAIN-1 (CAPN1) GENE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH CARCASS AND MEAT CHARACTERISTICS TRAITS IN BALI CATTLE
Authors: Pratiwi N. , Maskur M. , Priyanto R. , Jakaria J.
Published: September 2016

Calpain-1 gene (CAPN1) produces an calpain enzyme controlling structure of meat protein and tenderness. The aims of this study were to identify Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in exon 5 and 6 of CAPN1 gene and its associate with carcass and meat characteristic traits in bali cattle. A total of 48 bali cattles from BPTU-HMT Bali Cattle, Bali Province were used in the research. SNP in exon 5 and 6 of CAPN1 gene were identify with direct sequencing using MEGA 5 program. Analysis of polymorphism was conducted by PopGen 1.32 software to identify frequencies of genotype, allele and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The association of CAPN1 gene genotype with carcass and meat characteristic traits was analyzed using Generalized Linear Model (GLM) procedure of SAS. Sequencing analysis at exon 5-6 of CAPN1 gene in Bali cattle resulted in eight polymorphic SNPs. They are c.3669T>C, c.3854G>A, c.3881T>C, c.3899C>T, c.3908C>G, c.4002C>A, c.4021G>T and c.4037A>C. The SNPs c.3669T>C, c.3854G>A and c.3899C>T were significantly (P<0.05) associated with rump thickness (RT), rump fat thickness (RFT) and marbling score (MS), while SNP c.4037A>C was not significantly associated with carcass and meat characteristic traits. The SNPs were significantly associated with carcass and meat characteristic traits namely c.3669T>C, c.3854G>A and c.3899C>T. Those SNPs may be used as candidate marker for Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) in bali cattle.
EFFICACY OF CURCUMIN AND MONOCHROMATIC LIGHT IN IMPROVING LIVER FUNCTIONS OF SEXUALLY MATURE MAGELANG DUCKS
Authors: Kasiyati K. , Manalu W. , Sumiati S. , Ekastuti D. R.
Published: September 2016

The liver of female poultry has a vital role as an organ for biosynthesis of the yolk precursor and has a greater chance of experiencing cellular damages. This experiment was designed to study the uses of curcumin and monochromatic light in suppressing liver destruction during the period of yolk biosynthesis in Magelang ducks. One hundred and ninety two female Magelang ducks were assigned into a completely randomized design with a 4x4 factorial arrangement.  The first factor was dose of curcumin supplementation consisted of 4 levels i.e., 0, 9, 18, and 36 mg.  The second factor was the color of monochromatic light consisted of 4 levels i.e., white, red, green, and blue. The results showed that hydropic and fat degenerations in the livers of Magelang ducks entering laying phase were still in a normal range. There was an interaction effect between curcumin and monochromatic light on the serum SGPT/GOT and liver MDA concentrations (P<0.05). Serum lipid concentrations positively correlated with the increased serum SGPT/GOT and liver MDA concentrations as indicators of liver damages. Supplementation of curcumin and the use of monochromatic light could reduce and suppress liver destruction and damage during laying period.
A DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR DAIRY GOAT FARMS IN BOGOR REGENCY - WEST JAVA
Authors: Cyrilla L. , Purwanto B. P. , Astuti D. A. , Atabany A. , Sukmawati A.
Published: September 2016

The objectives of present study were to formulate development strategies for dairy goat' farms that capable of supporting goat's milk agribusiness. Three medium scale dairy goat farms located in Bogor Regency which has population of more than 100 heads and has established more than 10 years were purposively selected for the study. Data were collected during February to May 2014. The design of this study was based on descriptive qualitative approach (rapid appraisal approach). Data were analized using internal factors evaluation (IFE) and external factors evaluation (EFE), strategic position and action evaluation (SPACE) matrix, and grand strategy matrix. It was revealed that dairy goat farms in Bogor Regency were located in quadrant I in SPACE matrix, which was on the aggressive strategy. Dairy goat farms have many resource advantages, despite facing various threats. The Grand Strategy Matrix analysis showed that dairy goat farms were in quadrant I. Dairy goat farms were in an excellent position to take advantage of the opportunities, overcome internal weaknesses and avoiding multiple external threats. The best strategies to be selected for dairy goat farms were market penetration and product development.
Tangent Lines and Lipschitz Differentiability
Spaces
Authors: Cavalletti Fabio , Rajala Tapio
Published: September 2016

We study the existence of tangent lines, i.e. subsets of the tangent space isometric to the real line,
in tangent spaces of metric spaces.We first revisit the almost everywhere metric differentiability of Lipschitz
continuous curves. We then show that any blow-up done at a point of metric differentiability and of density
one for the domain of the curve gives a tangent line.
Metric differentiability enjoys a Borel measurability property and this will permit us to use it in the framework
of Lipschitz differentiability spaces.We show that any tangent space of a Lipschitz differentiability space contains
at least n distinct tangent lines, obtained as the blow-up of n Lipschitz curves, where n is the dimension
of the local measurable chart. Under additional assumptions on the space, such as curvature lower bounds,
these n distinct tangent lines span an n-dimensional part of the tangent space.
Infinitesimal Structure of Differentiability
Spaces, and Metric Differentiation
Authors: Cheeger Jeff , Kleiner Bruce , Schioppa Andrea
Published: September 2016

We prove metric differentiation for differentiability spaces in the sense of Cheeger [10, 14, 27]. As
corollarieswe give a new proof of one of the main results of [14], a proof that the Lip-lip constant of any Lip-lip
space in the sense of Keith [27] is equal to 1, and new nonembeddability results.
A Generalized Approach for the Modeling of Goodwin-Type Cycles
Authors: Madotto Matteo , Gaudenzi Marcellino , Zanolin Fabio
Published: September 2016

Goodwin’s celebrated growth cycle model has been widely studied since its introduction in 1967. In recent years several contributions have appeared with the aim of amending the original model so as to improve its economic coherence and enrich its structure. In this article we propose a new and generalized approach, within the theory of planar Hamiltonian systems, for the modeling of Goodwin-type cycles. This new approach, which includes and improves various attempts by the recent literature, is very general and fulfills the essential requirement that the orbits lie entirely in the economically feasible interval. We provide a necessary and sufficient condition for all solutions to be cycles lying entirely in the unit box. In addition, we study the period length of the cycles near the equilibrium and close to the boundary of the domain. Finally, we discuss an example of how small perturbations of the model may affect the qualitative behavior of the solutions.
MC1R gene variants involvement in human OCA phenotype
Authors: Saleha Shamim , Khan Taj Ali , Zafar Shaista
Published: September 2016

Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a genetic disorder of melanin synthesis that results in hypopigmentation in hair, skin and eyes. OCA has been reported in individuals from all ethnic backgrounds but it is more common among those with Europeans ancestry. OCA is heterogeneous group of disorders and seven types of OCA are caused by mutations in TYR (OCA1), OCA2 (OCA2), TYRP1 (OCA3), SLC45A2 (OCA4), SLC24A5 (OCA6) and C10oRF11 (OCA7) genes. However, MC1R gene variants have been reported that modify OCA2 phenotype but the knowledge about the function ofMC1R gene in melanogenesis, and genotype-phenotype association, in case of OCA, is limited. In this review article we present a comprehensive description of classification of OCA, role of MSH-R in melanin synthesis, the sequence variations in MC1R and their association with OCA. This review will enhance our understanding of MC1R gene variants involved in human OCA2 phenotype.
Chondrogenic potential of canine articular cartilage derived cells (cACCs)
Authors: Nowak Urszula , Marycz Krzysztof , Nicpoń Jakub , Śmieszek Agnieszka
Published: September 2016

In the present paper, the potential of canine articular cartilage-derived cells (cACCs) for chondrogenic differentiation was evaluated. The effectiveness of cACCs’ lineage commitment was analyzed after 14 days of culture in chondorgenic and non-chondrogenic conditions. Formation of proteoglycan-rich extracellular matrix was assessed using histochemical staining – Alcian Blue and Safranin-O, while elemental composition was determined by means of SEM-EDX. Additionally, ultrastructure of cACCs was evaluated using TEM. The expression of genes involved in chondrogenesis was monitored with quantitative Real Time PCR. Results obtained indicate that the potential of cACCs for cartilagous extracellular matrix formation may be maintained only in chondrogenic cultures. The formation of specific chondro-nodules was not observed in a non-chondrogenic culture environment. The analysis of cACCs’ ultrastructure, both in non-chondrogenic and chondrogenic cultures, revealed well-developed rough endoplasmatic reticulum and presence of mitochondria. The cACCs in chondrogenic medium shed an increased number of microvesicles. Furthermore, it was shown that the extracellular matrix of cACCs in chondrogenic cultures is rich in potassium and molybdenum. Additionally, it was determined that gene expression of collagen type II, aggrecan and SOX-9 was significantly increased during chondrogenic differentiation of cACCs. Results obtained indicate that the culture environment may significantly influence the cartilage phenotype of cACCs during long term culture.
Generalized Lagrangian mean curvature flows: The cotangent bundle case
Authors: Smoczyk Knut , Tsui Mao-Pei , Wang Mu-Tao
Published: September 2016

In [18], we defined a generalized mean curvature vector field on any almost Lagrangian submanifold with respect to a torsion connection on an almost Kähler manifold. The short time existence of the corresponding parabolic flow was established. In addition, it was shown that the flow preserves the Lagrangian condition as long as the connection satisfies an Einstein condition. In this article, we show that the canonical
connection on the cotangent bundle of any Riemannian manifold is an Einstein connection (in fact, Ricci flat). The generalized mean curvature vector on any Lagrangian submanifold is related to the Lagrangian angle defined by the phase of a parallel

(
n
,
0
)

{(n,0)}

-form, just like the Calabi–Yau case. We also show that the corresponding Lagrangian mean curvature flow in cotangent bundles preserves the exactness and the zero Maslov class conditions. At the end, we prove a long time existence and convergence result to demonstrate the stability of the zero section of the cotangent bundle of spheres.
Inaccurate or delayed diagnosis of hollow organ perforation by emergency physicians: using a qualitative approach to identify the causes
Authors: Peng Chi-Chun , Lin Chaou-Shune , Woo Peter , Tai Henry Chih-Hung , Feng Cho-Chao
Published: September 2016

Background:

Mistakes or delays in the diagnosis of hollow organ perforation may be detrimental to prognosis. Nonetheless, emergency physicians (EPs) are prone to misdiagnosing this condition in specific scenarios. The factors leading to errors in their cognitive processes, however, have received little attention.

Methods:

Using a qualitative approach, we conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with EPs in the emergency departments (EDs) of three hospitals in Taiwan. We purposively selected participants to obtain a sample that can contribute essential information about the diagnostic process. Sampling continued until new information was no longer being gathered. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and then analyzed by two investigators according to grounded theory.

Results:

Based on 23 cases from 20 EPs, four themes emerged from the analysis regarding the reasons for diagnostic errors: (1) atypical disease presentations (6/23; 26%), (2) cognitive process of the physicians (21/23; 91%), (3) systemic factors (14/23; 61%), and (4) composite factors (14/23; 61%).

Conclusions:

These findings provide valuable insight into the factors that contribute to diagnostic error in cases of abdominal hollow organ perforation. The results offer a basis on which to build a framework for teaching physicians how to avoid misdiagnosing hollow organ perforation in the future.
A note on local Hardy spaces
Authors: Kemppainen Mikko
Published: September 2016

We consider a non-negative self-adjoint operator L satisfying
generalized Gaussian estimates on a doubling metric measure space,
and show that if L has a spectral gap, then the local and global
Hardy spaces, defined by means of appropriate square functions, coincide.
The second and third moment of L(1/2,χ) in the hyperelliptic ensemble
Authors: Florea Alexandra
Published: September 2016

We obtain asymptotic formulas for the second and third moment of quadratic Dirichlet L-functions at the critical point, in the function field setting. We fix the ground field

𝔽
q

{\mathbb{F}_{q}}

, and assume for simplicity that q is a prime with

q
≡

1

⁢

(

mod
⁢
 4

)

{q\equiv 1~{}(\mathrm{mod}\,4)}

.
We compute the second and third moment of

L
⁢

(

1
/
2

,

χ
D

)

{L(1/2,\chi_{D})}

, when D is a monic square-free polynomial of degree

2
⁢
g

+
1

{2g+1}

, as

g
→
∞

{g\to\infty}

.
The answer we get for the second moment agrees with Andrade and Keating’s conjectured formula in [4]. For the third moment, we check that the leading term agrees with the conjecture.
On the value group of a model of Peano Arithmetic
Authors: Carl Merlin , D’Aquino Paola , Kuhlmann Salma
Published: September 2016

We investigateIPA{\mathrm{IPA}}-real closed fields, that is, real closed fields which admit an integer part whose non-negative cone is a model of Peano arithmetic. We show that the value group of anIPA{\mathrm{IPA}}-real closed field is an exponential group in the residue field, and that the converse fails in general. As an application, we classify (up to isomorphism) value groups of countable recursively saturated exponential real closed fields. We exploit this characterization to construct countable exponential real closed fields which are notIPA{\mathrm{IPA}}-real closed fields.
Investigation of a stable Mo substrate for chalcopyrite solar cells: a green process for sustainable energy applications
Authors: Tuan Pham Anh , Quang Nguyen Xuan , Huy Tran Duc , Dung Dang Viet Anh , Phan Vu Ngoc , Hoang Phan Huy , Tung Duong Thanh , Cuong Nguyen Duy
Published: September 2016

Molybdenum (Mo) films (~1 μm) as back contacts for chalcopyrite solar cells are usually deposited onto the glass substrate by DC-sputtering because of their high deposition rate with a column structure. During selenization, selenium (Se) is infiltrated deeply into the column structure of Mo films. Although the difference in sheet resistance and resistivity values before and after selenization is negligible, the selenized Mo films are easily peeled off from the glass substrate even with the tape testing. The existence of Se in Mo films with a column structure was investigated by scanning electron microscopy cross-section, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction measurement. To overcome this obstacle, a 200-nm-thick Mo compact layer was deposited by RF-sputtering on top of the Mo film to prevent Se infiltration. Finally, the bilayer of Mo was passed with tape testing for both films before and after selenization. The results may be helpful to further achieve highly stable fabrication processes of chalcopyrite solar cells.
Functionalization of Fe3O4 nanoparticles with biodegradable chitosan-grafted-mPEG for paclitaxel delivery
Authors: Hoang Dong Quy , Tran Tuong Vi , Tran Ngoc Quyen , Nguyen Cuu Khoa , Nguyen Thi Hiep , Truong Minh Dung , Tran Dai Lam , Thu Le Van , Nguyen Dai Hai
Published: September 2016

In this report, magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were functionalized with chitosan-grafted-poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (CTS-mPEG) for paclitaxel (PTX) delivery. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared via the chemical coprecipitation method and then coated with CTS-mPEG (Fe3O4@CTS-mPEG) by a simple method. The formation of Fe3O4@CTS-mPEG was characterized by several methods including proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, the superparamagnetic properties of Fe3O4@CTS-mPEG were demonstrated by a vibrating sample magnetometer; the saturation magnetization reached 23 emu g–1. The sizes and morphologies of Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@CTS-mPEG nanoparticles were determined by transmission electron microscopy. The result indicated that Fe3O4@CTS-mPEGs were nearly spherical in shape with an average diameter of 20 nm, compared with the 12-nm Fe3O4 particles. Especially, PTX was effectively loaded into the coated nanoparticles, 86.9±3.4% for drug loading efficiency, and slowly released up to 120 h. These results suggest the potential applications of Fe3O4@CTS-mPEG in the development of stable drug delivery systems for cancer treatment.
Nutritional regulation of fibroblast growth factor 21: from macronutrients to bioactive dietary compounds
Authors: Pérez-Martí Albert , Sandoval Viviana , Marrero Pedro F. , Haro Diego , Relat Joana
Published: September 2016

Obesity is a worldwide health problem mainly due to its associated comorbidities. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a peptide hormone involved in metabolic homeostasis in healthy individuals and considered a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of obesity. FGF21 is predominantly produced by the liver but also by other tissues, such as white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), skeletal muscle, and pancreas in response to different stimuli such as cold and different nutritional challenges that include fasting, high-fat diets (HFDs), ketogenic diets, some amino acid-deficient diets, low protein diets, high carbohydrate diets or specific dietary bioactive compounds. Its target tissues are essentially WAT, BAT, skeletal muscle, heart and brain. The effects of FGF21 in extra hepatic tissues occur through the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-1c together with the co-receptor β-klotho (KLB). Mechanistically, FGF21 interacts directly with the extracellular domain of the membrane bound cofactor KLB in the FGF21- KLB-FGFR complex to activate FGFR substrate 2α and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Mice lacking KLB are resistant to both acute and chronic effects of FGF21. Moreover, the acute insulin sensitizing effects of FGF21 are also absent in mice with specific deletion of adipose KLB or FGFR1. Most of the data show that pharmacological administration of FGF21 has metabolic beneficial effects. The objective of this review is to compile existing information about the mechanisms that could allow the control of endogenous FGF21 levels in order to obtain the beneficial metabolic effects of FGF21 by inducing its production instead of doing it by pharmacological administration.
Impact of slurry application method on phosphorus loss in runoff from grassland soils during periods of high soil moisture content
Authors: McConnell D.A. , Doody D.G. , Elliott C.T. , Matthews D.I. , Ferris C.P.
Published: September 2016

Previous studies have reported that the trailing shoe application technique reduces phosphorus (P) in the runoff postslurry application when compared to the traditional splash-plate application technique. However, the effectiveness of the trailing-shoe technique as a means of reducing P losses has not been evaluated when slurry is applied during periods of high soil moisture levels and lower herbage covers. To address this issue, three treatments were examined in a 3 × 4 factorial design split-plot experiment, with treatments comprising three slurry treatments: control (no slurry), splashplate and trailing-shoe, and four slurry application dates: 7 December, 18 January, 1 March and 10 April. Dairy cow slurry was applied at a rate of 20 m3/ha, while simulated runoff was generated 2, 9 and 16 days later and analysed for a range of P fractions. Dissolved reactive P concentrations in runoff at day two was 41% lower when slurry was applied using the trailing-shoe technique, compared to the splash-plate technique (P < 0.05). In addition, P concentrations in runoff were higher (P < 0.05) from slurry applied in December and March compared to slurry applied in January or April, coinciding with periods of higher soil moisture contents. While the latter highlights that ‘calendar’-based non-spreading periods might not always achieve the desired consequences, the study demonstrated that further field-scale investigations into the trailing shoe as a mitigation measure to reduced P loss from agricultural soils is warranted.
Managing interpersonal conflicts at work by line managers
Authors: Lawless Jennifer , Trif Aurora
Published: September 2016

There are disagreements about the key factors affecting a line manager’s conflict management modes. Psychologists emphasise the role of the conflict situation and personal traits, while other scholars focus on the impact of organisational aspects in managing interpersonal conflict. This paper provides empirical evidence suggesting that three sets of factors, namely, situational, personal and organisational aspects, influence the mode of handling conflict by line managers. Mixed methods were used to collect primary data from 19 line managers and two human resources managers working in two Irish subsidiaries of multinational companies. Although the research design did not allow for a verification of whether each of those three sets of factors has a significant influence on managing conflict by line managers, the paper suggests that combining psychological and managerial approaches to managing conflict provides a fuller understanding of handling interpersonal conflict. It also provides original findings on how line managers handle interpersonal conflicts, contributing to a better understanding of the under-researched area of the actual role of line managers in dealing with negative HR aspects.
Spectral Quasi-linearisation Method for Nonlinear Thermal Convection Flow of a Micropolar Fluid under Convective Boundary Condition
Authors: RamReddy Ch. , Pradeepa T.
Published: September 2016

The significance of nonlinear temperaturedependent density relation and convective boundary condition on natural convection flow of an incompressible micropolar fluid with homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions is analyzed. In spite of the complicated nonlinear structure of the present setup and to allow all the essential features, the representation of similarity transformations for the system of non-dimensional fluid flow equations is attained through Lie group transformations and hence the governing similarity equations are worked out by a numerical approach known as spectral quasi-linearization method. It is noticed that in the presence of the nonlinear convection parameter enhance the velocity, species concentration, heat transfer rate, skin friction, but decreases the temperature and wall couple stress.
Dosage Mutator Genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A Novel Mutator Mode-of-Action of the Mph1 DNA Helicase
Authors: Ang J Sidney , Duffy Supipi , Segovia Romulo , Stirling Peter C , Hieter Philip
Published: September 2016

Mutations that cause genome instability are considered important predisposing events that contribute to initiation and progression of cancer. Genome instability arises either due to defects in genes that cause an increased mutation rate (mutator phenotype), or defects in genes that cause chromosome instability (CIN). To extend the catalog of genome instability genes, we systematically explored the effects of gene overexpression on mutation rate, using a forward-mutation screen in budding yeast. We screened ∼5100 plasmids, each overexpressing a unique single gene, and characterized the five strongest mutators, MPH1 (mutator phenotype 1), RRM3, UBP12, PIF1, and DNA2. We show that, for MPH1, the yeast homolog of Fanconi Anemia complementation group M (FANCM), the overexpression mutator phenotype is distinct from that of mph1Δ. Moreover, while four of our top hits encode DNA helicases, the overexpression of 48 other DNA helicases did not cause a mutator phenotype, suggesting this is not a general property of helicases. For Mph1 overexpression, helicase activity was not required for the mutator phenotype; in contrast Mph1 DEAH-box function was required for hypermutation. Mutagenesis by MPH1 overexpression was independent of translesion synthesis (TLS), but was suppressed by overexpression of RAD27, a conserved flap endonuclease. We propose that binding of DNA flap structures by excess Mph1 may block Rad27 action, creating a mutator phenotype that phenocopies rad27Δ. We believe this represents a novel mutator mode-of-action and opens up new prospects to understand how upregulation of DNA repair proteins may contribute to mutagenesis.
Promoter Architecture and Sex-Specific Gene Expression in Daphnia pulex
Authors: Raborn R Taylor , Spitze Ken , Brendel Volker P , Lynch Michael
Published: September 2016

Large-scale transcription start site (TSS) profiling produces a high-resolution, quantitative picture of transcription initiation and core promoter locations within a genome. However, application of TSS profiling to date has largely been restricted to a small set of prominent model systems. We sought to characterize the cis-regulatory landscape of the water flea Daphnia pulex, an emerging model arthropod that reproduces both asexually (via parthenogenesis) and sexually (via meiosis). We performed Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) with RNA isolated from D. pulex within three developmental states: sexual females, asexual females, and males. Identified TSSs were utilized to generate a “Daphnia Promoter Atlas,” i.e., a catalog of active promoters across the surveyed states. Analysis of the distribution of promoters revealed evidence for widespread alternative promoter usage in D. pulex, in addition to a prominent fraction of compactly-arranged promoters in divergent orientations. We carried out de novo motif discovery using CAGE-defined TSSs and identified eight candidate core promoter motifs; this collection includes canonical promoter elements (e.g., TATA and Initiator) in addition to others lacking obvious orthologs. A comparison of promoter activities found evidence for considerable state-specific differential gene expression between states. Our work represents the first global definition of transcription initiation and promoter architecture in crustaceans. The Daphnia Promoter Atlas presented here provides a valuable resource for comparative study of cis-regulatory regions in metazoans, as well as for investigations into the circuitries that underpin meiosis and parthenogenesis.
Comparación entre los predictores del estrés laboral según el nivel de actividad física, edad, género y antigüedad laboral en un grupo de funcionarios administrativos del sector público costarricense
Authors: Azofeifa Mora Christian Alberto , Solano Mora Luis , Salas Cabrera Jorge , Fonseca Schmidt Hector
Published: September 2016

El objetivo de este artículo es relacionar y comparar los predictores del estrés laboral con el nivel de actividad física, la edad, la antigüedad laboral y el género en los empleados administrativos del sector público costarricense. Para ello, se encuestaron 395 sujetos pertenecientes a este sector. A los sujetos en estudio se les aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico (edad, género, tiempo laboral y estado civil) y para la evaluación de los predictores del estrés laboral se utilizó el cuestionario Job Stress Survey (JSS),compuesto por dos dimensiones (intensidad y frecuencia) cuyos predictores corresponden a la presión en el trabajo (PT), falta de apoyo social (FA), falta de organización (FO) y falta de realización personal (FRP). Para la determinación del nivel de actividad física, se utilizó el cuestionario internacional IPAQ, versión corta. Los resultados indicaron que los funcionarios masculinos presentan un nivel levemente superior en el nivel de actividad física en comparación con las mujeres; además, las mujeres muestran niveles superiores de presión en el trabajo como predictor de estrés. Asimismo, en aquellas personas cuyo nivel de actividad física es mayor, se muestran de forma subjetiva menores factores generadores de estrés, en comparación con los niveles de actividad física inferior. Se concluye que los altos niveles de inactividad física presentados pueden asociarse a mayores percepciones de estrés en el trabajo y la sobrecarga de roles puede ser un factor importante a considerar como fuente de estrés en el género femenino.
Cardiometabolic Health in Adults Born Premature With Extremely Low Birth Weight
Authors: Morrison Katherine M. , Ramsingh Laura , Gunn Elizabeth , Streiner David , Van Lieshout Ryan , Boyle Michael , Gerstein Hertzel , Schmidt Louis , Saigal Saroj
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND:

Young adults born with extreme prematurity have increased blood pressure and insulin resistance. This study documents their metabolic health as they enter their fourth decade of life. The study objective was to compare body composition, glycemia, lipid levels, and blood pressure in adults born with extremely low birth weight (ELBW) versus age- and sex- matched normal birth weight (NBW) control subjects and to examine related previous and current exposures.

METHODS:

The study examines one of the oldest regionally representative cohorts of ELBW subjects (birth weight <1 kg) and NBW individuals born between 1977 and 1982. The primary outcome was dysglycemia (type 2 diabetes or prediabetes) based on results of a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Secondary outcomes include body composition, insulin resistance, fasting lipid profile, and blood pressure. Potential predictive factors included birth weight, maternal antenatal corticosteroid exposure, retinopathy of prematurity, growth parameters, and smoking history.

RESULTS:

Adults (mean age, 31.8 years) born ELBW (n = 100) had a higher percent body fat (P = .004) and lower lean mass for height (P = .018) but similar waist circumference (P = .54) and BMI (P = .61) compared with NBW control subjects. ELBW adults had a 4.0-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.53–10.66) increased risk of developing dysglycemia. Adults born ELBW also had higher systolic (P = .004) and diastolic (P = .02) blood pressures compared with NBW control subjects, but there were no differences in lipid profile.

CONCLUSIONS:

By their fourth decade, these adults born extremely premature had increased body fat, lower lean mass, and a 4-fold increased risk of developing dysglycemia.
Market Micro Structure of Indian Life Insurance Industry: A General Trend Analysis
Authors: Dhingra Tanu
Published: September 2016

In 1991, Indian economy was liberalized in a big way. In this financial liberalization, our study is focused on ascertaining trends due to structural reforms affected in the life insurance industry. The present study explains the concept of market micro structure. It also elaborates upon the concept of insurance from three perspectives and incorporates the risk management process. The main emphasis of the study is to ascertain the growth trends of variables peculiar to life insurance industry. The study reveals a growth and graphical analysis of life insurance penetration, life insurance density, new policies issued, first year premium and total life insurance premium and shows that insurance industry has been on a growth path as all the above mentioned variables have shown a consistent rise.
Innovations and Research and Development Spending in India’s Manufacturing Sector: Growth Implications
Authors: Aijaz Mohd
Published: September 2016

Indian manufacturing sector has been experiencing a sluggish growth since the last many years. The global manufacturing has undergone a paradigm shift in recent times relying on the growing network of supply chain. In the new manufacturing system, production is largely carried out through fragmentation-based vertical specialization. Research and Development (R&D) and consequent innovations determine the competitive strength in this highly fragmented production process. Statistics reveal that India spends a meagre proportion of GNP on R&D. This paper examines the status and role of in-house industrial R & D and discusses how R&D spending can promote business innovations and entrepreneurship crucial for sustaining the growth of Indian manufacturing in the midst of changing world of manufacturing.