bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF REMOTE WORK FOR THE EMPLOYER AND THE EMPLOYEE
Authors:   Lutsk National Technical University, Lipych Liubov
Published: September 2024

The purpose of the article is to identify the differences between remote and home work, the advantages and disadvantages of remote work from the point of view of the employer and the employee. It was established that remote work is a non-standard form of employment, which is based on flexible social and labor relations between the employee and the employer and takes place in a virtual environment using information and communication technologies. Home work means a form of work organization in which the work is performed by the employee at his place of residence or in other premises determined by him, characterized by the presence of a fixed area, technical means or their combination, necessary for the production of products, provision of services, performance of works or functions provided for founding documents, but outside the production or working premises of the owner of the enterprise. Analyzing the provisions of the legislation, the differences between home and remote work were distinguished, and their classification was carried out in accordance with the Labor Code of Ukraine. It has been proven. that the main advantages of remote work for an employee include: increased job satisfaction, greater work flexibility, the ability to combine parenthood and work, which is especially important for young workers, saving time spent on the way to work. One of the most common disadvantages of remote work is the emergence of a "work-home" and "home-work" conflict and a violation of this balance, a significant extension of working hours. An employer who wants employees to work remotely must provide them with appropriate training not only in the use of technologies used during remote work, but also in the organization of working hours. It is substantiated that among the advantages that the employer can receive as a result of the introduction of remote work, first of all, the possibility of reducing costs should be attributed. However, changes in processes, procedures and technical infrastructure increase them. Intensive telecommuting, which is done from home, increases the cost of electricity consumption for the employee, but allows the employer to reduce this consumption and reduce costs.
ОСНОВНІ ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ УКРАЇНСЬКО-БРИТАНСЬКИХ ВІДНОСИН В ГАЛУЗІ КУЛЬТУРИ 2014-2019 РОКІВ
Authors: Гром Карина
Published: September 2024

Повномасштабне військове вторгнення російської федерації 24 лютого 2022 року в Україну стало початком нового етапу українсько-британської співпраці. Вивчення історії розвитку двосторонніх відносин дозволить розробити стратегію подальшої міждержавної співпраці, враховуючи всі тонкощі та помилки з попередніх етапів. Метою роботи є аналіз відносин між Україною та Великобританією в сфері культури протягом 2014-2019 років, визначення основних тенденцій та особливостей двосторонньої співпраці. Методологію роботи складають наукові методи аналізу, логічного узагальнення, історико-генетичний та історико-системний методи. Наукова новизна отриманих результатів полягає в розгляді питань українсько-британських відносин через призму міждержавного двостороннього культурного співробітництва. У статті виокремлено головні завдання в українсько-британській культурній співпраці. В роботі було розглянуто особливості співпраці України та Великобританії з 2014 по 2019 роки. Було проаналізовано двосторонню українсько-британську співпрацю у культурній сфері. Основну увагу приділено кінематографу та художньому мистецтву, як ключовим аспектам культурного обміну. Висвітлено методи та інструменти взаємодії між українськими та британськими митцями. Так, основним методом діалогу в сфері кіномистецтва стали фестивалі, покази фільмів та спільна робота над створенням картин. В художньому мистецтві взаємодія проходила через організацію виставок та проведення аукціонів. В роботі міститься перелік основних культурних подій, що відбувались протягом 2014-2019 років, а також згадуються імена українських та британських митців, режисерів, художників, які фактично провадили україно-британський діалог. У тексті детально описані різні культурні заходи, їх вплив та результативність у зміцненні міждержавних відносин, підкреслюючи високий рівень та динамічний розвиток культурної співпраці між Україною та Великою Британією. Таким чином було проаналізовано динаміку українсько-британської взаємодії в культурній сфері протягом 2014-2019 років, характер культурної взаємодії та методи культурного діалогу.
ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ ПЕРЕДУМОВИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ОСОБИСТІСНОЇ ГОТОВНОСТІ ВЧИТЕЛЯ ПОЧАТКОВОЇ ШКОЛИ ДО РОБОТИ З ДІТЬМИ З ООП
Authors: Стуліка Олена , Михалець Світлана
Published: September 2024

У статті подано теоретичне обґрунтування та визначено психологічні передумови формування особистісної готовності вчителів початкової школи до роботи з дітьми з ООП в умовах інклюзивного навчання. Розглянуто психологічні особливості впровадження інклюзивного навчання в сучасних умовах. Згідно з даними емпіричного дослідження визначено, що більшість вчителів початкових шкіл відчувають потребу в додатковій підготовці для роботи з дітьми з ООП. На підставі результатів дослідження висунуто обґрунтоване припущення про неготовність вчителів працювати в нових для себе умовах, особистісну невпевненість в собі. Така ситуація склалася через брак спеціальних знань, навичок та ресурсів для ефективної роботи в інклюзивному класі. Ключовими складовими психологічної готовності вчителя в інклюзивному середовищі є: співробітництво з колегами, соціальна відповідальність, здатність до самоаналізу, професійна мотивація та прагнення до успіху. Обґрунтовано важливість розробки рекомендацій щодо підвищення психологічної готовності вчителів до роботи з дітьми з ООП для розвитку особистісних якостей - емпатії та емоційної компетентності, управління стресом. Особливого значення набуває нагальна потреба в психологічному супроводі вчителів, які працюють з дітьми з ООП в умовах інклюзивної освіти.
РОЗВИТОК КЛЮЧОВИХ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТЕЙ УЧНІВ ПОЧАТКОВИХ КЛАСІВ ЗАСОБАМИ ІНТЕРАКТИВНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ
Authors: Стахів Марія , Грицай Наталія , Шибівська Софія
Published: September 2024

У статті розглянуто проблему формування ключових компетентностей здобувачів початкової освіти засобами інтерактивних технологій. Обґрунтовано теоретико-методологічні засади застосування інтерактивних технологій. Висвітлено особливості формування комунікативної компетентності та розвитку творчого мислення. Визначено, що ефективність використання інтерактивних методів навчання зумовлюється низкою педагогічних вимог: систематичність та послідовність у застосуванні інтерактивних технологій; готовність учителя до їх використання; урахування вікових та індивідуальних особливостей учнів; використання різноманітних методів і форм у процесі інтерактивного навчання. Запропоновано комплексну систему використання інтерактивних методів (прийомів) при вивченні теми «Іменники з абстрактним значенням» у 4 класі.
Deep Learning with Improved Metaheuristic Optimization for Traffic Flow Prediction
Authors: Wu Zhizhong
Published: September 2024

Aiming at the current dilemma of inaccurate prediction accuracy in the field of traffic flow prediction, this paper proposes a novel traffic flow prediction method using the Revised Enhanced Extreme Gray Wolf Optimizer (REEGWO) to optimize convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and combining with bi-directional long and short-term memory (BiLSTM) networks. The experimental results show that the model can effectively converge the training loss error and RMSE, and significantly outperforms the existing classical methods in terms of goodness-of-fit, average absolute error, average deviation error and average absolute percentage error, providing an efficient and accurate solution for traffic flow prediction.
Universidad, museo y patrimonio: el caso de la ciudad de Córdoba
Authors: Merino Pérez Isabel
Published: September 2024

Los museos universitarios juegan un papel crucial en la investigación, conservación y difusión del patrimonio de las instituciones académicas. A diferencia de otros museos, su misión principal está vinculada directamente a la enseñanza y al desarrollo cultural dentro de la comunidad universitaria. Estos espacios no solo albergan colecciones diversas, sino que también ofrecen oportunidades educativas, involucrando activamente a estudiantes y profesionales en labores museísticas. La accesibilidad y la integración en el tejido cultural de la ciudad son esenciales para maximizar su impacto, y estrategias como exposiciones itinerantes, programas educativos y el uso de tecnologías digitales son fundamentales para su difusión.
En el caso de Córdoba, la Universidad no cuenta actualmente con un museo universitario como tal, aunque a lo largo del tiempo sí se han explorado diferentes opciones. La Sala Puertanueva, inaugurada en 2004, fue un referente cultural hasta su cierre definitivo en 2014. Desde entonces, se ha experimentado con distintas alternativas, como el UCOMuseo Virtual, aunque dejó de desarrollarse en 2016. Hoy, UCOCultura, la unidad de gestión cultural de la Universidad de Córdoba, es el ente encargado de promover y difundir el patrimonio cultural en la ciudad, jugando un papel clave en la creación de un vínculo entre la Universidad y la sociedad cordobesa. A pesar de estos esfuerzos, la creación de un museo universitario en la ciudad es una cuestión bastante compleja que cuenta con obstáculos muy claros, aunque podrían crearse otras propuestas para suplir esta carencia.
In Vitro Evaluation of Deer Antler Extracts Effects on Secretion of Cytokines, Cell Proliferation and UV-Induced DNA Damage
Authors:   Longevity Alliance Baltic, 119 – 1 Lielvardes, Riga, LV-1084, Latvia, Kletnieks Ugis , Patetko Liene ,   Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, 1 Jelgavas Str., LV-1004 Riga, Latvia, Enia Gavare Ena ,   Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, 1 Jelgavas Str., LV-1004 Riga, Latvia, Paeglite Mara ,   Maras Briezi, 11 Malienas, Riga, LV- 1079, Latvia, Paeglitis Dainis ,   Maras Briezi, 11 Malienas, Riga, LV- 1079, Latvia
Published: September 2024

Deer velvet antler (DAV) emerges as a rich source of glycosaminoglycans, uronic acid, sialic acid, and growth factors, including IGF-1, TGF-β, PGE2, and EGF. These factors contribute to documented regenerative properties, promoting bone growth, wound healing, cartilage repair, muscle growth, immune system function, and skin and hair cell growth. DAV also contains deer antler polypeptides with potential therapeutic effects. The chemical composition of antlers varies during growth, with transcriptome analysis revealing differences in gene expression and concentrations of growth factors and collagen in different parts of the antler. Despite centuries of use in traditional medicine, the mechanisms of action of deer antler extracts remain incompletely understood. The present study aims to shed light on the effects of two types of deer antler extracts on various cell types, offering valuable insights into their potential bioactivities.
Assistência pré-natal no Programa de Saúde da Família (PSF) do Distrito Sanitário II do município de Campina Grande-PB
Authors: Gonçalves Maria Valbilene , Souza Lindiclea Balbino de , Oliveira Ana Josélia Pinheiros de , Oliveira Vilma Maria Ramos de , Costa Guimara Gonçalves da , Paiva Cleo Siqueira de , Medeiros Maria Aparecida Silva
Published: September 2024

Introdução: A adequada assistência ao pré-natal deverá proporcionar o acolhimento à mulher respeitando as mudanças emocionais e fisiológicas inerentes à gestação, considerando suas dúvidas, medos e angústias relacionadas a este momento de sua vida. Sendo assim, se faz necessário também que esse acompanhamento possa ser monitorado através de indicadores que possibilite avaliar a adequação do serviço prestado. Este estudo descritivo, documental, transversal e analítico com abordagem quantitativa. Objetivo: Avaliar o Acompanhamento ao pré-natal no distrito sanitário II do município de Campina Grande-PB. Resultados e Discussões: constatou-se que 99,71% das gestantes cadastradas foram acompanhadas pelo agente comunitário de Saúde; 97,70% estavam com as vacinas em dia; 90,83 estavam com consulta pré-natal em dia. Com relação ao início do pré-natal no primeiro trimestre os resultados mostraram um percentual de 76,79%; avaliando a distribuição de gestantes acompanhadas por faixa etária os resultados obtidos mostraram que 58% das gestantes estudadas eram menores de 20 anos. Considerações Finais: Diante do exposto, considerou-se através deste estudo que o acompanhamento ao pré-natal se mostrou bastante satisfatório, todavia se faz necessário que a assistência ao pré-natal seja organizada de forma contínua e sistemática com ações assistenciais e educativas através de uma equipe multiprofissional qualificada, garantindo captação precoce dessa mulher, acompanhamento adequado e humanizado, parto e o nascimento seguro.
Revisão de casos clínicos com biomarcadores
Authors: Nunes Patrick Ramos , Carvalho João Victor Tosta de , França Ariel Estanek , Mendonça Lívia Thurler de , Almeida Andressa Ingrid da Silva de , Pereira Diogo Moreira Thomaz , Sousa Paulo Felipe Gomes de , Seabra Brendo Campos , Souza Vaneza Corrêa de , Gonçalves Agnes Corrêa
Published: September 2024

A crescente utilização de biomarcadores em diferentes especialidades médicas tem se mostrado promissora na personalização do diagnóstico e tratamento de diversas patologias. Diante dessa relevância, o presente artigo se propõe a realizar uma revisão narrativa bibliográfica, com o intuito de apresentar e discutir casos clínicos elaborados pelos autores que exemplificam a aplicação de biomarcadores no contexto clínico. Através da análise de múltiplos estudos, buscamos sintetizar o conhecimento atual, identificar lacunas e fornecer uma visão abrangente sobre o papel dos biomarcadores na prática médica. Esta revisão é de especial interesse para profissionais da saúde e pesquisadores que buscam aprofundar seu entendimento sobre o tema, contribuindo para o avanço do conhecimento na área. As palavras-chaves foram colite, câncer, exames, clínico e biomarcadores. Os biomarcadores, também conhecidos como marcadores biológicos, são indicadores mensuráveis experimentalmente que sinalizam a ocorrência de uma função normal ou patológica em um organismo ou a resposta a um agente farmacológico. Esses biomarcadores podem ser de diferentes tipos, como fisiológicos (funções dos órgãos), físicos (mudanças características em estruturas biológicas), histológicos (amostras de tecido obtidas por biópsia) e anatômicos. Eles podem incluir células específicas, moléculas, genes, enzimas ou hormônios. Entre os mais relevantes na pesquisa médica estão os marcadores bioquímicos, que podem ser obtidos com relativa facilidade a partir de fluidos corporais, facilitando o trabalho dos pesquisadores. Na prática clínica, os biomarcadores são utilizados para diagnóstico, identificação de riscos de doenças, estratificação de pacientes e avaliação da gravidade ou progressão de uma condição. Além disso, são úteis para prever prognósticos e monitorar tratamentos, reduzindo a probabilidade de efeitos colaterais. Em alguns casos, os biomarcadores também servem como ferramentas auxiliares para que entidades reguladoras tomem decisões sobre a aprovação de medicamentos.
Tratamento Restaurador Atraumático: Uma revisão narrativa da literatura sobre seus conceitos e aplicabilidade
Authors: Santos Denise Eduarda Marques dos , Lima Danielle Pereira , Merlin Ana Gabrieli , Cotrim Milena da Silva , Ogera Isadora Vermejo , Cavasin Iara Liz Spoladore , Morais Carlos Alberto Herrero de , Castro Kemilly Soares de , Silva Romulo Ruan da , Dias Lívia Corrêa , Victorino Maria Luiza Zamparoni , Rodrigues Beatriz Magalhães , Pereira Miguel Angelo , Silva Sara Goubetti , Campanelli Anna Julia Santiago , Almeida Gabriela Camarotto de , Camargo José Alexandre Felix de , Fokkema Nicole Catherine Goltz
Published: September 2024

O artigo aborda a importância da saúde bucal para o desenvolvimento integral do indivíduo e a relevância da cárie dentária, especialmente em crianças no Brasil. O objetivo do presente estudo é apresentar uma revisão de literatura sobre tratamento restaurador atraumático. O artigo apresenta dados sobre a prevalência da cárie, como o estudo "Global Burden of Disease Study 2019", que mostra uma alta incidência de cárie dentária, e as estatísticas do SB Brasil de 2020. O Tratamento Restaurador Atraumático (ART), é uma abordagem minimamente invasiva que visa preservar a estrutura dentária saudável e é especialmente útil em áreas com recursos limitados. Desenvolvido por Jo Frencken na década de 1980, o ART utiliza escavadores manuais e cimento de ionômero de vidro (CIV) para tratar a cárie sem a necessidade de equipamentos odontológicos complexos, como brocas e anestesia. O artigo revisa a eficácia do ART, suas vantagens, como baixo custo e menor trauma para o paciente, e suas limitações, incluindo menor resistência mecânica do CIV comparado a outros materiais restauradores. O ART é promovido por políticas de saúde no Brasil e tem se mostrado eficaz em comunidades vulneráveis. A técnica é indicada para diversos tipos de restaurações dentárias, embora tenha algumas contraindicações. A revisão conclui que o ART é uma solução valiosa para o tratamento da cárie, especialmente em ambientes com poucos recursos, e enfatiza a necessidade de mais pesquisas e políticas públicas para melhorar a saúde bucal em populações carentes.
Ecocardiografia por speckle tracking em gestantes com pré-eclâmpsia: Protocolo de revisão de escopo
Authors: Salimena Elisabeth Dias Winter , Sá Renato Augusto , Salimena Anabelle
Published: September 2024

Objetivos: Mapear as evidências científicas existentes sobre o uso do ecocardiograma com a técnica speckle tracking em gestantes com pré-eclâmpsia. Metodologia: Este protocolo seguirá as recomendações metodológicas propostas pelo Manual de Síntese de Evidências do Joana Briggs Institute (JBI), foi registrado na Open Science Framework e elaborado de acordo com o Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Checklist and Explanation. A busca por estudos de interesse será realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of science, BVS e a investigação da literatura cinzenta ocorrerá no Google Acadêmico. Os achados serão exportados para o gerenciador de referências Mendeley e, posteriormente, para o Software Rayyan onde será realizada a seleção dos estudos por dois revisores independentes, de acordo com os critérios de inclusão. Os dados serão extraídos por meio de formulário desenvolvido pelos autores e serão exibidos por meio de tabelas, figuras e/ou gráficos e analisados de forma descritiva. Resultados: Esta scoping review sobre o uso do ecocardiograma com a técnica speckle tracking nas gestantes com pré-eclâmpsia pretende sintetizar tal conhecimento. Conclusão: Divulgar e ampliar as indicações deste método diagnóstico, possibilitando identificar lacunas na literatura para futuras pesquisas sobre o tema contribuindo na vigilância da saúde cardiovascular materna.
Double-negative T cells in pediatric rheumatic diseases
Authors: Poddighe Dimitri , Maulenkul Tilektes , Dossybayeva Kuanysh , Zhubanova Gulsamal , Mukusheva Zaure , Akhmaltdinova Lyudmila
Published: September 2024

Double-negative (CD4-CD8-) T (DNT) cells have been implicated in autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS), where their expansion inside the circulating pool of T cells represents a diagnostic criterion. Recent experimental evidence has supported the immunomodulatory roles of DNT cells, and studies in adult patients have suggested that they may be altered in some immune-mediated conditions. This study aimed to retrieve available data on circulating DNT cells in pediatric rheumatic disorders that do not arise in the context of ALPS through a systematic literature review of 3 scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science). The final output of the systematic literature search consisted of 8 manuscripts, including cross-sectional (n=6) and longitudinal (n=2) studies. Overall, the pooled population of patients includes children affected with pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (n= 104), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (n=92), Behçet's disease (n=15), mixed connective tissue disease (n=8), juvenile dermatomyositis (n=6), and Kawasaki disease/multisystem inflammatory disease in children (n=1 and n=14, respectively); moreover, one study also included 11 children with a high titer of antinuclear antibody but no diagnosis of rheumatic disease. All studies except one included a control group. The number of DNT cells were increased in most studies of children with rheumatic diseases. Even if such a limited number of studies and their great heterogeneity in several methodological aspects do not allow for reliable conclusions about the relevance of DNT cells in specific rheumatic conditions in children, this cell population deserves further investigation in this pathological setting through well-designed clinical studies.
Role of proper postnatal care in continued exclusive breastfeeding among young Indonesian mothers
Authors: Triadmajani Wahyu , Prawitasari Shinta , Wahab Abdul
Published: September 2024

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) provides numerous health benefits to children. However, the EBF rate is unsatisfactory among young mothers because they often experience difficulties. Thus, interventions during the postnatal period are imperative to encouraging EBF practices in these populations. Postnatal care (PNC) should be delivered appropriately to ensure a positive postnatal experience; however, there has been little discussion of evidence therein to date.Purpose: This study investigated the association between proper PNC and EBF practices among young Indonesian mothers.Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic Health Survey. All mothers aged 15–24 years who delivered an infant within the 2 years preceding the survey were included. Mothers were considered to be receiving proper PNC if they started breastfeeding soon after delivery, attended a PNC appointment within 2 days after giving birth, and received breastfeeding counseling and observation during the PNC visit.Results: Approximately 51.6% of infants under 6 months of age born to young mothers (those aged 15–24 years) were exclusively breastfed. Appropriate PNC was received by approximately 24.3% of the total population. The correlation between proper PNC and EBF practices was significant among adolescent mothers aged 15–19 years after an age stratification analysis (odds ratio, 8.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.957–34.524). Maternal age became a noticeable confounder after a risk-stratification analysis. Conclusion: Our findings imply the importance of breastfeeding service delivery during the early postnatal period in continuing EBF. Ensuring high PNC quality helps ensure positive postnatal experiences, particularly for adolescent mothers.
The irtQ R package: a user-friendly tool for item response theory-based test data analysis and calibration
Authors: Lim Hwanggyu , Kang Kyungseok
Published: September 2024

Computerized adaptive testing (CAT) has become a widely adopted test design for high-stakes licensing and certification exams, particularly in the health professions in the United States, due to its ability to tailor test difficulty in real time, reducing testing time while providing precise ability estimates. A key component of CAT is item response theory (IRT), which facilitates the dynamic selection of items based on examinees' ability levels during a test. Accurate estimation of item and ability parameters is essential for successful CAT implementation, necessitating convenient and reliable software to ensure precise parameter estimation. This paper introduces the irtQ R package (http://CRAN.R-project.org/), which simplifies IRT-based analysis and item calibration under unidimensional IRT models. While it does not directly simulate CAT, it provides essential tools to support CAT development, including parameter estimation using marginal maximum likelihood estimation via the expectation-maximization algorithm, pretest item calibration through fixed item parameter calibration and fixed ability parameter calibration methods, and examinee ability estimation. The package also enables users to compute item and test characteristic curves and information functions necessary for evaluating the psychometric properties of a test. This paper illustrates the key features of the irtQ package through examples using simulated datasets, demonstrating its utility in IRT applications such as test data analysis and ability scoring. By providing a user-friendly environment for IRT analysis, irtQ significantly enhances the capacity for efficient adaptive testing research and operations. Finally, the paper highlights additional core functionalities of irtQ, emphasizing its broader applicability to the development and operation of IRT-based assessments.
Role of Endothelium and Nitric Oxide in Experimental Hypertension
Authors: Vapaatalo H , Mervaala E , Nurminen M-L
Published: September 2024

A short review on the role of endothelium and nitric oxide (NO) in experimental hypertension is presented in the light of the literature and our own recent findings. Based on these data, it is concluded that even though there is a lot of evidence in favor of the primary and causal association of endothelial dysfunction and NO in experimental hypertension, it seems still more plausible that they are causative in some types of hypertension only. Our own experience rather speaks for a secondary but still an important participation of endothelium in the maintenance and further elevation of high blood pressure. Endothelium plays a key role in the development of organ damages in hypertension.
Long-Term Administration of D-NAME Induces Hemodynamic and Structural Changes in the Cardiovascular System
Authors: Babál P , Pecháňová O , Bernátová I
Published: September 2024

NG-nitro-D-arginine-methyl ester (D-NAME) is considered to be an inactive enantiomer of L-NAME and is generally used as the negative control for NO synthase inhibition with L-NAME. With the aim to compare the effects of 4-week L-NAME and D-NAME treatments on hemodynamic and cardiovascular structural parameters, four groups of male Wistar rats were investigated: the controls and groups administered 40 and 20 mg/kg/day of L-NAME and 40 mg/kg/day of D-NAME. At the end of the experiment, myocardial NO synthase activity decreased by 42, 24 and 25 %; aortic NO synthase activity decreased by 35, 15 and 13 % vs. controls in the L-NAME 40, L-NAME 20 and D-NAME 40 groups, respectively. The DNA concentrations in the myocardium and the aorta increased significantly after L-NAME and D-NAME treatments. The inhibition of NO synthase was accompanied by a significant elevation in systolic blood pressure in all three groups. The LVW/BW ratio increased by 27, 14 and 13 % vs. controls in the L-NAME 40, L-NAME 20 and D-NAME 40 groups, respectively. The aortic wall mass, measured as the crossectional area, increased by 45, 17 and 25 % vs. controls in the L-NAME 40, L-NAME 20 and D-NAME 40 groups, respectively. Myocardial fibrosis represented 0.94 % in the controls, but 7.96, 4.70 and 5.25 % in L-NAME 40, L-NAME 20 and D-NAME 40 groups, respectively. It is concluded that D-NAME, although less affective than L-NAME, inhibits NO synthase activity resulting in hemodynamic and structural changes in the cardiovascular system similar to the changes induced by half the dose of L-NAME. Thus, the consideration of D-NAME as an inactive enantiomer and its use as the negative control needs to be reevaluated.
Cross-Talk Between Nitric Oxide and HSP70 in the Antihypotensive Effect of Adaptation to Heat
Authors: Malyshev IYu , Bayda LA , Trifonov AI , Larionov NP , Kubrina LD , Mikoyan VD , Vanin AF , Manukhina EB
Published: September 2024

In this work, we evaluated the effect of adaptation to heat on the fall of blood pressure (BP) induced by heat shock (HS) and the interrelation between nitric oxide (NO) and heat shock protein, HSP70. Experiments were carried out on Wistar rats. It was shown that HS resulted in a generalized and transient increase in NO production (the electron paramagnetic resonance method) and a fall of BP from 113± 3 to 88± 1 mm Hg (?<0.05). Adaptation to heat itself did not affect BP, but completely prevented the NO overproduction and hypotension induced by HS. The adaptation simultaneously increased the brain NO-synthase content and induced HSP70 synthesis (the Western blot analysis) in various organs. Both the antihypotensive effects of adaptation and HSP70 accumulation were completely prevented by L-NNA, an inhibitor of NO synthesis, or quercetin, an inhibitor of HSP70 synthesis. The data suggest that adaptation to heat stimulates NO synthesis and NO activates synthesis of HSP70. HSP70, which hampers NO overproduction, thus restricts the BP fall induced by heat shock.
Physiological and Morphometric Differences in Resident Moderate-Altitude vs. Sea-Level Mice
Authors: O’Connor Aedian E. , Hatzenbiler Dean M. , Flom Levi T. , Bobadilla Ana-Clara , Bruns Danielle R. , Schmitt Emily E.
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION: High-altitude [>2400 m (7874 ft)] acclimatization has been well studied with physiological adaptations like reductions in body weight and exercise capacity. However, despite the significance of moderate altitude [MA, 1524–2438 m (5000–8000 ft)], acclimatization at this elevation is not well described. We aimed to investigate differences in mice reared at MA compared to sea level (SL). We hypothesized that MA mice would be smaller and leaner and voluntarily run less than SL mice.

METHODS: C57BL/6 mice reared for at least three generations in Laramie, WY [2194 m (7198 ft), MA], were compared to C57BL/6J mice from Bar Harbor, ME [20 m (66 ft), SL]. We quantified body composition and exercise outputs as well as cardiopulmonary morphometrics. Subsets of MA and SL mice were analyzed to determine differences in neuronal activation after exercise.

RESULTS: When body weight was normalized to tibia length, SL animals weighed 1.30 g ⋅ mm-1 while MA mice weighed 1.13 g · mm-1. Total fat % and trunk fat % were higher in MA mice with values of 41% and 39%, respectively, compared to SL mice with values of 28% and 26%, respectively. However, no differences were noted in leg fat %. MA animals had higher heart mass (119 mg) and lower lung mass (160 mg) compared to SL mice heart mass (100 mg) and lung mass (177 mg). MA mice engaged in about 40% less voluntary wheel-running activity than SL animals.

DISCUSSION: Physiological differences are apparent between MA and SL mice, prompting a need to further understand larger scale implications of residence at moderate altitude.

O’Connor AE, Hatzenbiler DM, Flom LT, Bobadilla A-C, Bruns DR, Schmitt EE. Physiological and morphometric differences in resident moderate-altitude vs. sea-level mice. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2023; 94(12):887–893.
Astronaut Candidate, Candidate-Like, and Undergraduate Subjects Compared on Retention and Transfer
Authors: Kole James A. , Barshi Immanuel , Healy Alice F. , Schneider Vivian I.
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION: The present study examined long-term retention and transfer of knowledge and skills, as well as the effect of cognitive load on retention and transfer, using a sample of astronaut candidates and two comparison groups. The first comparison group, recruited from Johnson Space Center, was similar in age, education, and general health to the astronaut candidate group; the second comparison group included university undergraduate students.

METHODS:This study employed two different tasks—a simple perceptual-motor task involving data entry and a complex memory updating task requiring both prospective and retrospective memory. Subjects completed multiple sessions involving both tasks over a 500-d period, with test sessions involving transfer and/or a cognitive load manipulation. For the perceptual-motor task, transfer involved changes to the stimuli that increased intrinsic cognitive load or changes to the required motoric procedures. For the memory updating task, extraneous cognitive load was increased by the addition of a concurrent secondary task.

RESULTS:For both the perceptual-motor and memory updating tasks, astronaut candidates and candidate-like subjects performed more accurately, with greater speed, and were less impacted by increased cognitive load than undergraduate students. Despite the generally superior performance of astronaut candidates and candidate-like subjects, they were more likely to experience negative transfer on the perceptual-motor task, whereas undergraduate students demonstrated positive transfer.

DISCUSSION:Candidate-like subjects provided a more accurate approximation of astronaut candidate performance than did undergraduate students, especially with regard to negative transfer effects and cognitive load.

Kole JA, Barshi I, Healy AF, Schneider VI. Astronaut candidate, candidate-like, and undergraduate subjects compared on retention and transfer. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2023; 94(12):902–910.
Impact of Exercise-Induced Strains and Nutrition on Bone Mineral Density in Spaceflight and on the Ground
Authors: Caruso John , Patel Neel , Wellwood Joseph , Bollinger Lance
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND: Bone mineral density (BMD) is a measure of skeletal health that may foretell disorders like osteoporosis.

METHODS: To reduce bone losses on Earth, treatments include exercise, diet, and drugs. Each impact osteoblast and osteoclast activity dictates skeletal remodeling and subsequent BMD changes. BMD loss is a concern during spaceflight. For astronauts, low BMD undermines in-flight tasks and compromises their postflight health.

RESULTS: While bisphosphonates exhibited promise as an in-flight bone loss treatment, study results are mixed, and this class of drugs has numerous side-effects. While the role antiresorptive agents play in reducing BMD loss is discussed, this review focuses on exercise-induced strains and nutrition, two in-flight treatments without bisphosphonates’ side-effects.

DISCUSSION: Evidence supports in-flight exercise and a healthy diet with vitamin D and Ca+2 supplementation to limit BMD loss. This review suggests how exercise and nutrition may limit BMD loss during spaceflight. Also discussed is an in-flight version of the inertial exercise trainer (IET; Impulse Technologies, Knoxville TN). By imparting high bone-strain magnitudes, rates, and frequencies with less mass, footprint, and power needs than other forms of in-flight resistance exercise hardware, the IET warrants inquiry for use aboard future long-term spaceflights.

Caruso J, Patel N, Wellwood J, Bollinger L. Impact of exercise-induced strains and nutrition on bone mineral density in spaceflight and on the ground. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2023; 94(12):923–933.
High G Tolerance and Cardiopulmonary Reserve Function in Healthy Air Force Aviators
Authors: Lan Xiaohua , Zhu Weiwei , Du Junjie , Wang Jun , Yang Minghao , Xu Yan , Cao Yanjie
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION: There is no consensus on whether cardiopulmonary reserve affects the risk of gravity-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC) or almost loss of consciousness (A-LOC). Few previous studies have used cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) to assess cardiopulmonary reserve function (CPRF) of fighter aviators. We compared CPET-related parameters in G-LOC/A-LOC and non-G-LOC/A-LOC fighter aviators to explore the effect of cardiopulmonary reserve function on G tolerance.

METHODS: A total of 264 male fighter aviators with more than 500 h of flight experience participated in the study, all of whom underwent CPET and human centrifuge testing. We divided the aviators into two groups based on whether they experienced G-LOC/A-LOC during the human centrifuge test and compared the CPET parameters between the two groups.

RESULTS: A total of 37 aviators (14%) experienced G-LOC/A-LOC. There were no significant differences in age (26.65 ± 4.30 vs. 26.01 ± 4.95), height (173.68 ± 4.21 vs. 173.55 ± 3.37), weight (69.51 ± 6.22 vs. 69.63 ± 6.01), or body mass index (23.06 ± 2.11 vs. 23.11 ± 1.82) between the two groups. Forced vital capacity (FVC) (4.95 ± 0.87 vs. 4.65 ± 0.79) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) divided by FVC (FEV1/FVC) (79.88 ± 7.24 vs. 83.72 ± 9.24) of pulmonary function of the G-LOC/A-LOC group was significantly lower than that of the non-G-LOC/A-LOC group. There was no significant difference in CPET-related parameters between the two groups.

DISCUSSION: In conclusion, FEV1/FVC may be a factor affecting aviators’ G-LOC/A-LOC, meaning aviators with slightly lower ventilation are more likely to experience G-LOC/A-LOC. However, oxygen uptake and exercise blood pressure, oxygen pulse, etc., may not be the main factors influencing G-LOC/A-LOC.

Lan X, Zhu W, Du J, Wang J, Yang M, Xu Y, Cao Y. High G tolerance and cardiopulmonary reserve function in healthy air force aviators. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2023; 94(12):911–916.
Retrospective Analysis of Medical Attrition for Pilot Applicants to the British Army Air Corps
Authors: Adams Mark S. , Goldie Claire E. , Gaydos Steven J.
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION: Management of aeromedical risk is essential for flight safety. Given the many operator stressors for pilots, militaries maintain a vested interest in selecting aircrew applicants who meet rigorous initial medical standards. Very little published literature exists regarding the extent of medical disqualifications or precluding conditions for initial candidates.

METHODS: For the British Army, pilot selection is a phased, multistep process that includes Phase I medical screening followed by a comprehensive Phase II medical exam. De-identified summary data were retrospectively reviewed for medical fitness and disqualifying categories for the 5-yr period of 2018–2022, inclusive. For those ultimately deemed unfit for aviation service, etiology was grouped into general categories.

RESULTS: Approximately one-third (30.2%) of candidates were disqualified at Phase I initial medical screening with leading categories of attrition due to respiratory etiology, especially a history of asthma or reactive airway disease, followed by ophthalmology. For the Phase II medical exam cohort, 21.0% were medically disqualified with most attrition from anthropometry and ophthalmology. There were no statistical differences in disqualifications for gender or pathway of entry (civilian vs. serving personnel).

DISCUSSION: Major categories of medical attrition were similar to that of other nations, yet the published literature in this area is surprisingly tenuous. Given the desire for evidence-based medical selection standards, it is important for regular review of processes and standards such that the risks of known physiological challenges are judiciously weighed with the benefits of a large, diverse pool of selection as well as force structure and recruitment demand.

Adams MS, Goldie CE, Gaydos SJ. Retrospective analysis of medical attrition for pilot applicants to the British Army Air Corps. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2023; 94(12):939–943.
Cytokine Profile Associated with COVID-19 Severity and Outcome: A Hospital-Based Study from Kashmir, North India
Authors: Farooq Iqra , Eachkoti Rafiqa , Haq Inaamul , Hussain Saleem , Farooq Sanah , Saleem Sadaf , MAjid Sabhiya
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Biomarkers of prognostic and predictive relevance are needed for the practical management of COVID-19.

Objective: The authors aimed to assess a battery of inflammatory cytokines in patients with SARS-CoV-2 to determine the cytokines of prognostic and predictive relevance in COVID-19.

Methods: In a cohort of 100 patients with SARS-CoV-2 (RT-PCR confirmed), hospitalised in Shri Maharaja Hari Singh Hospital associated to Government Medical College Srinagar, India, the level of a battery of cytokines, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), TNF-α, and ferritin were estimated by ELISA on a multimode microplate reader.

Results: The deranged levels of these cytokines were mostly found in patients >60 years of age, with cough and pneumonia as the most common symptoms. A significant association was found between IL-6 and IL-8, disease severity (p=0.002; p=0.007), and poor disease outcome (p=0.040; p=0.009), respectively. A significant association was also found between decreased levels of VEGF and poor disease outcome (p=0.020). Further receiver operating characteristic analysis, univariant and multivariant (after adjusting for age, gender, and other inflammatory markers), revealed increased IL-10 (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.72) and IL-6 (AUC: 0.70) as independent markers of both disease severity (p=0.02; p=0.01) and disease outcome (P=0.03; p=0.02), respectively, and decreased VEGF (AUC: 0.69) as an independent marker of disease outcome (p=0.03). A significant association between cough and IL-8 (p=0.01) and IL-10 levels (p=0.03), and of diabetes and raised ferritin levels (p=0.01), with very high ferritin levels (>1500 ng/mL), was found in those who are likely to develop hyperinflammatory phenotype.

Conclusion: The authors conclude that ‘IL-6, IL10, VEGF, and IL-8’ are the signature inflammatory cytokine panel/profile in COVID-19, particularly in patients from Kashmir. Increased IL-10 and IL-6 levels proved to be equally significant independent prognosticators of COVID-19 severity and outcome, and decreased VEGF levels were independent predictors of poor disease outcome in patients with SARS-CoV-2. Testing of the signature inflammatory cytokine panel is, therefore, recommended for optimal clinical decision-making in patients with COVID-19 from Kashmir, India.
Toprak Korunaklı Evler ve Yok Olmanın Eşiğinde Bir Örnek: Kamil Köyü Bermed Evleri Çorum
Authors: Uzun Ali
Published: September 2024

Bermed evler geleneksel toprak korunaklı ev tiplerinden biridir. Bu çalışmada yok olmanın eşiğindeki Kamil köyü (Osmancık-Çorum) bermed evleri incelenmiştir. Çalışma büyük kısmıyla saha araştırmalarına ve ilgili literatüre dayalı olarak hazırlanmıştır. Saha çalışmaları kapsamında, bermed evlerin kuruluş yeri özellikleri incelenmiş, geleneksel yöntemlerle ölçüleri alınmış, fotoğraf ve video ile görsel belgeleme yapılmıştır. Kamil köyü bermed evleri yakın çevreden toplanmış taş, toprak ve ahşap malzemeyle yerel ustalar ya da ev sahipleri tarafından yapılmıştır. Bermed evler genellikle hafif eğimli yamaçlarda ve kısmen toprağa gömülü olarak inşa edilmiştir. Kamil köyü bermed evleri tek mekânlı, dikdörtgen şekilli, semer çatılı, toprak ve çim örtülüdür. Bu evler yerel coğrafi özelliklerin kontrolünde ortaya çıkmış ve geçmişte yaygınlıkla kullanılmış bir ekolojik yapı tipidir. 1940’larda yöreyi art arda etkileyen depremler bunların önemli bir kısmının çökmesine, geri kalanların ise terk edilmesine sebep olmuştur. Bugün ayakta kalan birkaç örnekten biri hariç hepsi hasarlıdır. Bu evlerin restore edilerek yeniden işlevlendirilmesi, yerel kültürel mirasın korunması açısından önemlidir.
Problems of the Post-War Settlement and the Formation of the Yalta-Potsdam System of International Relations
Authors:   Azerbaijan University of Languages, Kunina Irina
Published: September 2024

The Yalta and Potsdam conferences of 1945, which laid the foundations of the modern world order, are considered the highest diplomatic achievements of World War II. At these conferences, all issues relating to the new world order were resolved by the will of the Allies, united in the anti- Hitler coalition. During the final stage of the war, the existing plans for the complete destruction of the Third Reich were coordinated, and the foundation for a new world order after the war was established. The main topics of discussion at the conferences included achieving the complete defeat of Nazi Germany, determining the future of Germany, ensuring the payment of reparations for war damages, establishing a common political line concerning the European states liberated from occupation, and creating an international organization for security and cooperation, with the goal of making it a decisive factor in ensuring the stability of the newly emerging system of international relations. However, after the defeat of the common enemy, the existing disagreements between the Allies- who had united in the anti-Hitler coalition to fight against fascism and militarism- intensified and soon led to a split into two large blocs. The newly formed Yalta-Potsdam system developed under the conditions of a bipolar system of international relations.
Complete Restoration of the Sovereignty of the Republic of Azerbaijan As a Result of Anti-Terrorist Events on September 19- 20, 2023
Authors:   Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Nuriyeva Irada
Published: September 2024

The international community's indifferent and double standard approach to resolving the Nagorno-Karabakh issue for 30 years forced Azerbaijan to restore its territorial integrity through military means and political negotiations on the battlefield during the Second Karabakh War, from September 27 to November 10, 2020. Although the 44-day Patriotic War ended with the victory of the Azerbaijani army under the leadership of the President of the Republic and Victorious Supreme Commander-in-Chief Ilham Aliyev, armed clashes occasionally occurred along the borders of Azerbaijan and Armenia. On September 19-20, 2023, as a result of successful localized anti-terrorism measures carried out by the Armed Forces of the Republic of Azerbaijan, the sovereignty of the Republic of Azerbaijan was fully restored. On October 15, President Ilham Aliyev raised the Flag of Azerbaijan in Agdara, Askeran, Khojavend, Khojaly, and Khankendi. On December 21, 2023, as part of the 1/8 finals of the Azerbaijan Cup, the football teams “Garabagh” from Agdam and “MOIK” from Baku met for the first time at the stadium in the Khankendi region, which had been liberated from occupation. The unity of the Karabakh-Army-People is the main source of our Victory.
A DC programming to two-level hierarchical clustering with ℓ1 norm
Authors: Gabissa Adugna Fita , Obsu Legesse Lemecha
Published: September 2024

The main challenge in solving clustering problems using mathematical optimization techniques is the non-smoothness of the distance measure used. To overcome this challenge, we used Nesterov's smoothing technique to find a smooth approximation of the ℓ1 norm. In this study, we consider a bi-level hierarchical clustering problem where the similarity distance measure is induced from the ℓ1 norm. As a result, we are able to design algorithms that provide optimal cluster centers and headquarter (HQ) locations that minimize the total cost, as evidenced by the obtained numerical results.
Metal ion-manipulated afterglow on rhodamine 6G derivative-doped room-temperature phosphorescent PVA films
Authors: Maida Margarita Claudya , Sugawara Natsumi , Suzuki Airi , Ito Masato , Kubo Yuji
Published: September 2024

The long-lived room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) originating from thiophene boronate polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has enabled the creation of metal-ion-responsive RTP films doped with spirolactam ring-containing rhodamine 6G (1). In this study, RTP-active PVA films, namely, TDB@PVA and ATB@PVA, were prepared through boronate esterification of thiophene-2,5-diboronic acid (TDB) and 5-acetylthiophene-2-boronic acid (ATB) with the diol units of PVA. The delayed emission properties were evaluated, revealing an emission band at 477 nm with a turquoise afterglow for TDB@PVA and at 510 nm with a green afterglow for ATB@PVA after UV light irradiation ceased. The photophysical properties were assessed using TD-DFT and DFT calculations at the B3LYP/cc-pVDZ level. N-(rhodamine-6G)lactam dye with a salicylimine unit (1) was doped into the RTP-based PVA films, producing a multicolored afterglow upon the addition of metal ions. This phenomenon is explained by a triplet-to-singlet Förster-type resonance energy transfer process from the cross-linked thiophene boronate in PVA to the metal-ion-activated colored form of 1. This photophysical feature finds applicability in encryption techniques. Notably, the reversible metal-ligand coordination of 1 in the PVA system enabled a write/erase information process.