bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the impact on the health of the population of emissions from rolling production of a metallurgical plant
Authors: Kislitsyna V. V. , Surzhikov D. V. , Golikov R. A. , Mukasheva M. A.
Published: July 2020

Introduction.Th e development of the metallurgical industry in Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo region, has led to a diffi  cult environmental situation. Determining the relationship between exposure to atmospheric emissions and the health of the population based on the risk assessment methodology is an urgent hygiene issue.

The aim of the studyis to assess the risk of health problems from emissions from rolling production of a metallurgical plant.

Materials and methods. We used data from the volume of maximum permissible emissions of the enterprise. Calculations of maximum single and average annual concentrations of pollutants were carried out using the program “ECOcenter-Standard”. Public health risks were calculated and compared with acceptable values. Th e work also determined the values of risk levels taking into account background concentrations.

Results.Priority pollutants were identifi ed: diiron trioxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, benz(a)pyrene. Th e maximum one-time and average annual concentrations of substances at the selected calculation points were determined, and the maximum permissible concentration of diiron trioxide was found to be exceeded. Immediate action risk levels are zero. The highest risk levels of chronic intoxication, expressed as a percentage of a unit, are observed from exposure to diiron trioxide (0.004-0.043) and nitrogen dioxide (0.001-0.012). The maximum total level of risks of chronic intoxication (0.012) is observed at the point of exposure to concentrations #3 from the infl uence of nitrogen dioxide, which is due to the close location of pollution sources. The carcinogenic risk from exposure to benz(a)pyrene ranges from 1×10-8 to 9×10-8 (as a fraction of a unit). The combined values of carcinogenic risk and immediate action risk are below the acceptable risk level. In seven points of exposure to concentrations, the total risk of chronic intoxication exceeds the acceptable level by 1.10-3.45 times.

The greatest risk of immediate action, taking into account background concentrations, is observed from the action of carbon monoxide and benz(a)pyrene. Th e carcinogenic risk exceeds the acceptable level by 6-12 times. The risk of chronic intoxication, taking into account the background, exceeds an acceptable level. Th e highest total risk levels are typical for the Kuznetsky district of Novokuznetsk. 

Conclusions. Atmospheric emissions fr om rolling mill production contribute to air pollution in the city, increasing the risk of chronic intoxication.
Dynamics of heart rate variability indicators in miners with professional polyneuropathy during clinoorthostatic testing
Authors: Gidayatova M. O. , Fleishman A. N. , Martynov I. D. , Yamshchikova A. V.
Published: July 2020

Introduction.Intensive development of coal mining in Kuzbass contributes to the growth of professional pathology. Production factors lead to autonomous dysregulation and damage to peripheral nerves, and the development of upper limb polyneuropathy. Analysis of heart rate variability is currently widely used to determine the features of vegetative maintenance, in the conditions of a clinoorthostatic test, it allows you to assess the safety of vegetative regulation, and makes it possible to predict the course of the disease.

The aim of the studywas to study the dynamics of heart rate variability in clinoorthostatic samples in miners with professional upper limb polyneuropathy to assess the nature and level of vegetative disorders.

Materials and methods. Th e analysis of changes in spectral and nonlinear parameters of heart rate variability at the stages of performing an active clinoorthostatic test in 40 miners with the established diagnosis of upper limb polyneuropathy and 20 people who do not have harmful occupational factors and symptoms of polyneuropathy, who made up the control group, was carried out.

Results. Th e subjects with polyneuropathy had an initial decrease in high-frequency and low-frequency spectral parameters of heart rate variability as a sign of vegetative insuffi  ciency. Th e absence of an increase in the low frequency index for a sample with active orthostasis indicates a violation of the sympathetic link reaction, reduced sensitivity of baroreceptors. Changes in the spectral index of a very low frequency of heart rate variability remained in the range of normal values at all stages of the test.

Conclusions. Th e study of heart rate variability at the stages of a clinoorthostatic test allows us to determine the nature and level of violations of vegetative regulation in miners with professional polyneuropathy, as well as the possibility of compensatory mechanisms.
Clinical and experimental studies of cardiovascular disorders in the conditions of fluoride intoxication of the body
Authors: Yadykina T. K. , Кorotenko O. Yu. , Panev N. I. , Semenova E. A. , Zhukova A. G. , Mikhailova N. N.
Published: July 2020

Introduction. Th e aluminum industry occupies one of the leading positions among other branches of non-ferrous metallurgy in terms of the prevalence of occupational pathology, many questions of pathophysiological mechanisms of its development remain open. Among the concomitant somatic diseases in workers engaged in the production of aluminum, the fi rst place is occupied by the pathology of the cardiovascular system against the background of chronic fl uoride intoxication of the body.

The aim of the study is to identify some features of the formation of cardiovascular pathology in the conditions of prolonged exposure to high doses of fl uorides on the body.

Materials and methods. A complex analysis of the prevalence of cardiovascular pathology and specifi c features of the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis was performed based on clinical and genetic research methods in 246 workers with fl uorosis and in the comparison group (106 people). Experimental studies of the morphofunctional state of the myocardium and blood vessels in conditions of chronic fl uoride exposure with histological analysis of tissues were performed on white laboratory rats.

Results. In the clinical pilot study with the assessment of pathological disorders of the cardiovascular system in terms of fl uoride intoxication revealed the structure and frequency of cardiovascular disease metallurgists main and auxiliary workers, employed in the production of aluminium. Th e Association of VEGF, IL1β, GSTT 1, GSTM1,  СYP1А1, CYP1A2 genes with concomitant coronary, obliterating and multifocal atherosclerosis, heart rhythm disorders, arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease complicated by pyelonephritis and liver steatosis was determined. Th e experiment shows the toxic eff ect of fl uoride on the myocardium and coronary vessels.

Conclusions. In the ranking structure of professionally determined morbidity in workers engaged in the production of aluminum, cardiovascular pathology prevails, in particular, arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis against the background of pronounced multi-organ manifestations, violations of bone metabolism, confi rmed by experimental data.
Adaptogenic correction of free radical brain damage in subchronic exposure to sodium fl uoride
Authors: Zhukova A. G. , Gorokhova L. G. , Kazitskaya A. S. , Yadykina T. K. , Mikhailova N. N. , Arkhipenko Yu. V.
Published: July 2020

Introduction. Fluorine compounds in small doses, but with prolonged exposure, cause various disorders in organs at the cellular and molecular levels. Activation of free-radical processes plays an important role in the damaging eff ect of fl uorides. Th erefore, one of the most eff ective ways to limit fl uorine-induced damage is to directly aff ect free-radical processes using herbal preparations with antioxidant properties.

The aim of the study is to study the eff ect of a dihydroquercetin-based drug on the activity of free radical processes in brain tissue under subchronic exposure to sodium fl uoride (NaF).

Materials and methods. Th e work was performed on white male laboratory rats weighing 200-250 g. Th e rats were divided into 3 groups: 1 — control; 2 — rats with chronic exposure to sodium fl uoride (NaF) for 9 weeks; 3 — rats receiving a NAF solution with simultaneous administration of a complex drug based on dihydroquercetin at a dose of 3 mg/kg in 1% starch gel for 3, 6 and 9 weeks. The activity of free radical oxidation and antioxidant defense enzymes — superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase-was determined in the cerebral cortex. Th e level of expression of hypoxia-induced transcription factor HIF — 1A and inducible forms of proteins HSP72 and HSP32 were determined in the cytosolic fraction of brain tissue.

Results. In the early stages of subchronic fl uoride exposure (1-3 weeks), the expression of protective proteins HIF-1α, HSP72, HSP32 and catalase was shown in the rat cortex, as a result of which the activity of free-radical processes was maintained at the control level. An increase in the timing of fl uoride intake to 9 weeks led to a decrease in antioxidant protection and signifi cant activation of free radical oxidation in brain tissue. Daily administration of a complex drug with dihydroquercetin for 3, 6 and 9 weeks to rats with subchronic fl uoride exposure led to a decrease in the severity of pro- and antioxidant balance disorders in the cerebral cortex. At the same time, the greatest protective eff ect of dihydroquercetin with fl uoride exposure was manifested by the 9th week of its administration.

Conclusions. When subchronic intake of fl uorides in the body, the drug based on dihydroquercetin has a neuroprotective eff ect, which is manifested by an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes of fr ee radical oxidation and catalase and the resistance of the cortex to induced fr ee radical oxidation.
Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue in railway transport workers: hygienic aspects
Authors: Karpova O. A. , Filimonov S. N. , Kolyado V. B. , Semenikhin V. A. , Balandovich B. A.
Published: July 2020

Introduction. Extending professional longevity, preventing diseases and improving the quality of life of railway transport workers are the priority areas of activity of RZhD-Meditcina medical institutions. However, the infl uence of production factors on the prevalence and course of skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases in employees of this important branch of the national economy has not yet been suffi  ciently studied.

The aim of the study is to study the hygienic features of working conditions in railway transport workers that aff ect the course of skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases.

Materials and methods. Materials for hygienic and statistical research were sanitary and hygienic characteristics of working conditions of railway transport workers and statistical reports of the private healthcare institution «Clinical hospital» RZhD-Meditcina « of Barnaul for 2014-2018. A retrospective analysis of the incidence of temporary disability, the number of days of disability, and the number of exacerbations in employees of harmful professions in the Altai region of the West Siberian railway with chronic skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases was conducted.

Results. According to the sanitary and hygienic characteristics of working conditions, the most unfavorable working conditions of all railway specialties are employees of locomotive crews and track fi tt ers. Combined eff ects of chemical, meteorological, and physical factors of the production environment and the severity of the labor process belong to class 3 (with a high risk of occupational diseases). Th is leads to a signifi cantly higher (p=0.010944) number of days of disability (27.8±0.83) and the number of exacerbations of chronic skin diseases in railway transport workers than in the rest of the adult population not in contact with occupational hazards (25.32±1.2).

Conclusions. Th e combined impact of factors of the production environment and the severity of the labor process, despite the systematic comprehensive prevention, leads to a more severe course of chronic dermatoses in railway transport workers.
Infl uence of coal-rock dust on the risk of developing morphological disorders of the cardiovascular system
Authors: Bugaeva M. S. , Gorokhova L. G. , Bondarev O. I. , Mikhailova N. N.
Published: July 2020

Cardiovascular pathology prevails in the structure of somatic diseases of miners. As a complication of pneumoconiosis, the development of a chronic pulmonary heart in workers against the background of pulmonary hypertension and congestive heart failure is considered. Data from clinical studies also indicate remodeling of the blood vessel wall, the formation of atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction and others. There are practically no in-depth comprehensive studies on the contribution of industrial dust to the development and course of this pathology. To implement this task, the simulation of occupational diseases in animals helps to trace the dynamics of the pathological process from the moment of exposure to the body of the production factor.

The aim of the study is to study the infl uence of coal-rock dust on the risk of developing morphological disorders of the cardiovascular system in an experiment.

Experiments were conducted on white non-linear male rats that were exposed to inhaled coal-rock dust of the “gas-fat” brand. For histological study in animals aft er 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks of exposure to the damaging factor, fragments of the brain, lungs, heart, liver and kidneys were taken. The quantitative content of matrix metalloproteinases, their inhibitor and vascular endothelial growth factor in blood plasma was studied using enzyme immunoassay.

Morphological changes in the heart muscle and blood vessels are a systemic response of the body to prolonged inhalation of coal-rock dust. Violations develop from the moment of exposure to the damaging factor, so they can be considered as one of the manifestations of pneumoconiosis, and not its late complication. In the early stages of the experiment (1-3 weeks), the development of diff use protein dystrophy of cardiomyocytes with pronounced thickening of some fi bers due to cell hypertrophy is noted in the heart muscle of experimental animals. Increasing the timing of seed leads to the progression of  pathological changes, increased apoptotic activity of cells and the accumulation of lipofuscin granules in the perinuclear zone, as well as the formation of atrophic damage in muscle tissue. By the 12th week of the experiment, diff use cardiosclerosis and pronounced dystrophy of cardiomyocytes with fragmentation and myocytolysis of individual sections of muscle fi bers develop in the heart muscle. Long-term inhalation of coal-rock dust causes progressive development in the wall of blood vessels, regardless of their organ affi  liation, of the same type of pathological changes in the form of endotheliosis, diff use hypertrophy of the smooth muscle component of the medial layer and perivascular fi brosis against the background of pronounced microcirculatory disorders.

The obtained results indicate the need for pre-nosological diagnostics of cardiovascular diseases and their prevention among miners working in harmful working conditions.
Three closed forms for convolved Fibonacci numbers
Authors: Qi Feng
Published: July 2020

In the paper, by virtue of the Faa di Bruno formula and several properties of the Bell polynomials of the second kind, the author computes higher order derivatives of the generating function of convolved Fibonacci numbers and, consequently, derives three closed forms for convolved Fibonacci numbers in terms of the falling and rising factorials, the Lah numbers, the signed Stirling numbers of the first kind, and the golden ratio.
SARS-CoV-2 host cell entry might involve Beta adrenergic receptors
Authors: Natesan Vasanthakumar
Published: July 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. SARS-CoV-2 enters the host cell by binding its spike protein with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147) also known as Basigin or extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN), has been proposed as another host cell receptor that might be involved in SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry . Any other host cell receptors that exist for SARS-CoV-2 is not known at present. I suggest that the Beta adrenergic receptor might be involved in the SARS-CoV-2 cell entry, and act as a co-receptor by its interaction via surface vimentin to the ACE2 receptor and by forming a complex with CD147.
A neglected family resource for saving newborn lives - grandmothers
Authors: Aubel Judi
Published: July 2020

Abstract Across the globe, the well-being of newborns is greatly influenced by the knowledge and practices of family members, yet global policies and interventions primarily focus on strengthening health services to save newborn lives. Predominant approaches to promote newborn survival in non-western cultures across the Global South, based on a western, nuclear family model, ignore the role of family caregivers, whose attitudes and practices are influenced by culturally prescribed strategies embedded in family systems. This paper is an argumentative review of the literature which provides evidence of a neglected facet of newborn care, the role and influence of grandmothers. Based on a family systems frame, over the past ten years I identified research conducted in Africa, Asia and Latin America that examines family roles related to newborn care, specifically that of grandmothers. I identified numerous studies, from published and grey literatures, in English, French and Spanish, which provide evidence of grandmothers’ role as culturally-designated and influential newborn advisors and caregivers. Research from all three continents reveals that grandmothers play similar core roles in newborn care while their culturally-specific practices vary. Review findings support two conclusions. First, the conceptual basis for future newborn research should manifest a family systems framework, grounded in the structure and dynamics of non-western collectivist cultures. Second, newborn interventions should aim not only to strengthen health services but also influential family caregivers, namely grandmothers, and the indigenous social support networks of which they are a part, in order to improve family-level newborn practices and save newborn lives.
PERANGKAT SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA (BRAINWARE)
Authors: Lisyendri Egry
Published: July 2020

AbstrakBrainware adalah orang yang sering menggunakan maupun mengoperasikan sebuah perangkat komputer. Sedangkan beberapa contoh adalah programmer, netter, dan para pengguna komputer atau lainnya. Brainware juga merupakan konsep komputer yang tidak bisa dilepaskan dari komputer itu sendiri. Konsep komputer terdiri atas konsep Hardware-Software-Brainware yang merupakan konsep Tri Tunggal yang tidak bisa dipisahkan satu dengan lainnya. Brainware atau pengguna merupakan hal sangat penting karena fungsinya sebagai pengembangan hardware dan software, serta sebagai pelaksana (operator), masukan (input), dan juga penerima keluaran (output) sebagai pengguna sistem (user).Kata Kunci: Perangkat Sumber Daya Manusia
Analisis Hubungan Kausalitas Budaya Kerja, Kepuasan Kerja dan Kinerja Karyawan Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Haullussy Ambon
Authors: Tamaela Eduard Yohannis
Published: July 2020

This research aims to find out and analyze the magnitude of the effect of causality between organizational culture, job satisfaction and employee performance of Dr. Haulussy Ambon. Based on the research objectives above, this type of research can be classified as an explanatory research (exsplanatory). Through surveys using questionnaire and interview instruments for data collection and probability sampling methods as well as purposive sampling techniques for sample selection, 111 respondents were obtained as research samples. The results by using path analysis indicate that organizational culture has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction and performance and job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on the performance of RSUD Dr. Haulussy Ambon. Thus it can be said that the drive to improve organizational culture will increase the level of performance and subsequently the drive to increase job satisfaction will increase the level of employees’s performance of RSUD Dr. Haulussy Ambon.
Holographic conformal screen entanglement and focusing
Authors: Kuyukov Vitaly
Published: July 2020

Holographic conformal screen entanglement and focusing
Computation of several Hessenberg determinants
Authors: Qi Feng , Kouba Omran , Kaddoura Issam
Published: July 2020

In the paper, employing methods and techniques in analysis and linear algebra, the authors find a simple formula for computing an interesting Hessenberg determinant whose elements are products of binomial coefficients and falling factorials, derive explicit formulas for computing some special Hessenberg and tridiagonal determinants, and alternatively and simply recover some known results.
In Vitro Quantification of Stent-Graft Behaviour During ch-TEVAR
Authors: Kwiecinski Jakub , Uberoi Raman , Hadi Mohammed , Cheng Christopher P. , You Zhong
Published: July 2020

Purpose: To quantify dynamic gutter phenomena and endograft deformations during double chimney thoracic endovascular aortic repair (ch-TEVAR) in a physiological model of the thoracic aorta subjected to pulsatile haemodynamic conditions. Methods: Two in vitro procedures revascularizing the brachiocephalic trunk and left common carotid artery were performed representing both balloon-expandable (BE, Ankura-BeGraft) and self-expandable (SE, Ankura-Viabahn) double ch-TEVAR configurations. Retrospectively gated computed tomography (CT) was used to evaluate endograft behaviour. Device interactions were characterised according to gutter volume, gutter surface deviation, and endograft deformation (D-ratio) at end-diastolic and peak-systolic aortic pressure. Results: Use of BE chimney grafts resulted in three times total gutter volume compared to SE chimney grafts. Gutter volumes were observed to vary dynamically between the end-diastolic and peak-systolic phases of the cardiac cycle, with the most substantial change associated with the BE configuration. Chimney graft deformations were dependent on device type, with SE devices exhibiting up to twice the deformation as BE devices. When adjacent, SE chimney grafts were observed to support each other, and thus tended towards a more consistently circular shape. Conclusions: Gutter and chimney graft behaviour were dependent on device type, and exhibited both spatial and temporal variability. This study emphasizes notable differences between BE and SE double ch-TEVAR configurations which should be considered when evaluating risk of endoleak. The findings reported here also support the use of gated CT to better identify and predict device related complications in ch-TEVAR, and can be used in the design of next generation devices.
Positive net neutrality: Zero-rating and the material reduction of consumer choice
Authors: Leiser Mark
Published: July 2020

Zero-rating is a permitted class of ‘positive’ net neutrality violations under the European Union’s ‘Net Neutrality’ Regulation. Conversely, ‘negative’ net neutrality violations, normally associated with the blocking and throttling of content that threatens an Internet Service Provider’s business model, are strictly prohibited. With the European Commission set for a public consultation on zero-rating, and The Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications set to issue updated guidelines on the practice, the paper assesses the present state of zero-rating in Europe, focusing on differentiation cases to assess what types of positive net neutrality violations could result in a “material reduction on consumer choice” for mobile consumers. As zero-rating is generally limited to mobile subscriptions that include data caps, the Office of Economic Development has warned regulators to be vigilant against practices that could result in users constantly monitoring their data usage or limiting access to non-zero-rated services. The practice of ‘zero-rating’ in Europe poses a unique challenge to regulatory authorities keen to protect the principle of net neutrality. While consumers perceive free access to certain content, applications and programs as beneficial, zero-rating also contravenes the general aims of the Regulation: that Internet traffic is managed by Internet Service Providers in a non-discriminatory manner and that consumer choice is protected. While the practice might be seen to benefit consumers, zero-rating can also affect the number of providers entering the market and compromise the Regulation’s aim to “guarantee the continued functioning of the internet ecosystem as an engine of innovation”. The paper examines the state of zero-rating services, with specific emphasis on positive net neutrality violations across the European Union. We examine from both a normative perspective and by analysing rulings from National Regulatory Agencies empowered with supervision and enforcement duties by the ‘Net Neutrality’ Regulation. Drawing on behavioural economics and cognitive psychology literature, the paper suggests too much choice in zero-rating services can actually lead to less than optimal decision-making by consumers. Rational theory posits that more choice is good for consumers; yet, in reality, more choice can actually result in a less-informed decisions, inadvertently empowering more recognizable Content and Application Providers at the expense of lesser-known ones. From our critique of the rulings, we conclude with an overview or what amounts to permitted/prohibited zero-rating practices in the European Union and argue that a hybrid regulatory response – involving market- and principle-based regulation is needed alongside command-and-control rules to ensure zero-rating services do not amount to a material reduction in consumer choice
Bargaining under social distancing requirements: Effects of face masks on socio-economic decision-making in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Fatfouta Ramzi , Oganian Yulia
Published: July 2020

Face masks play a pivotal role in the control of respiratory diseases, such as the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Despite their widespread use, it is not known how face masks affect human social interaction. Here, for the first time, we investigate how facial occlusion by face masks alter socio-economic exchange. In a behavioral economics study (N = 475), individuals accepted more monetary offers and lower offer amounts when interacting with a masked versus unmasked opponent. Importantly, this effect was mainly driven by faces covered with surgical masks relative to bandana-type masks. In the first weeks of mask use during the COVID-19 pandemic, motive attributions further moderated this effect: Participants who believed that mask wearers were seeking to protect others showed the highest acceptance rates. Overall, we describe a new phenomenon, the face-mask effect on socio-economic exchange, and show that it is modulated by contextual factors rather than physical occlusion per se.
Thinking preferences and conspiracy belief: intuitive thinking and the jumping to conclusions-bias as a basis for the belief in conspiracy theories
Authors: Pytlik Nico , Soll Daniel , Mehl Stephanie
Published: July 2020

Background: The belief in conspiracy theories and paranoid ideation are often treated as almost synonymous. However, there is to date no research concerning shared underlying cognitive underpinnings of CTs and paranoid ideation. One potential underlying factor could be the well-known jumping to conclusion (JTC) bias, the tendency of persons with delusions to perform hasty decisions that are sometimes based on little evidence. Furthermore, a preference for a more intuitive general thinking style, as opposed to an analytical thinking style, could be an additional underlying cognitive factor of both conspiracy theories and paranoia. Thus, the aim of the present study is to investigate in a large sample of non-clinical individuals whether the JTC-bias is more pronounced in individuals who display a stronger belief in conspiracy theories and whether both are related to a more intuitive thinking preference. Methods: We assessed the data of 519 non-clinical individuals regarding their respective approval of 20 specific conspiracy theories in an online study. Further, we assessed the JTC-bias by using a computerized variant of the task (fish task). Thinking preferences were measured with the Rational-Experiential Interview.Results: Subjects who displayed the JTC-bias presented a more pronounced belief in conspiracy theories. In addition, gathering little information in the fish task before performing a decision (less draws to decision) was related to a stronger endorsement of conspiracy theories and a more intuitive thinking style (and a less analytic thinking style). Finally, a preference for intuitive thinking predicted a stronger belief in conspiracy theories in a multiple regression analysis.Conclusions: Our results demonstrate the implication of a preference for an intuitive thinking style accompanied by a propensity to faster decision-making (JTC-bias) as possible cognitive underpinnings of beliefs in conspiracy theories. Furthermore, our study is the first to confirm the notion of the JTC-bias as a reflection of the use of an intuitive thinking style.
fMRI Evidence Reveals Emotional Biases in Bilingual Decision Making
Authors: He Yuying , Margoni Francesco , Wu Yanjing , Liu Huanhuan
Published: July 2020

Previous research has suggested that foreign language effect on decision making can be partially explained by a reduction in emotional response in the second language. In this fMRI study, we aimed at elucidating the neural mechanisms underpinning the interaction between language and emotion and its influence on decision making. Across multiple trials, Chinese-English bilinguals were asked to decide whether to gamble or not in a Gambling task and received feedbacks in either L1 (Chinese) or L2 (English). If they gambled, feedbacks were either positively or negatively valenced words; if they did not gamble, feedback was the word ‘safe’. We assessed how emotionally valenced words were processed in the two languages and how this processing influenced subsequent decision making. Overall, we found evidence that in L2 context, but not in L1 context, loss aversion was mediated by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex which also showed strong functional connectivity with the visual cortex, suggesting an avoidance mechanism for negative stimuli in L2. However, we also found an enhanced response to positive feedbacks in L2 compared to L1, as evidenced by greater activation of the hippocampus for win feedbacks compared to safe feedbacks in L2 eventually resulting in a greater tendency to gamble. Foreign language therefore influenced decision making by both reducing emotional response to negative stimuli and enhancing emotional response to positive stimuli. This study helps unveiling the neural bases of the interaction between language and emotion.
Teacher Written Feedback in EFL Classroom: Abu Hayyan al-Tawhidi High School- Kenitra, Morocco- as a Case Study
Authors: Hakimi Mohammed
Published: July 2020

This paper is an empirical and analytical study of the uses of written feedback by Moroccan high school EFL teachers. It tries to investigate how EFL teachers in Abu Hayyan al-Tawhidi high school respond to students’ compositions. Strong emphasis is laid on the types of teacher written feedback, with a focus on integrated feedback (form and content) as an effective way to respond to students’ written work. The ultimate goal of this paper is to ascertain the types and forms of teacher written feedback prevalent amongst Moroccan EFL high school teachers. In this light, the study seeks to investigate the following research questions: (1) Which types of written feedback do Moroccan high school EFL teachers employ to respond to students’ compositions? (2) Which forms of written feedback do Moroccan high school EFL teachers’ employ to respond to students’ compositions? To answer these questions, the present study used a mixed method approach that included: classroom observation checklist, document analysis of corrected writing productions and students’ questionnaire. The key findings illustrated that teachers at Abu Hayyan al-Tawhidi high school relied heavily on form-focused feedback. It also revealed that teachers opted for correction symbols and commentary.
Can the World Get Along Without Natural Resources?
Authors: Fix Blair
Published: July 2020

Neoclassical economists fundamentally misunderstand the role of natural resources in the economy. I discuss here the source of this misunderstanding, and the ways we can better understand the role of energy to human societies.
Can mindfulness be helpful in team decision-making? A framework for understanding how to mitigate false consensus
Authors: Selart Marcus , Schei Vidar , Lines Rune , Nesse Synnøve
Published: July 2020

Mindfulness has recently attracted a great deal of interest in the field of management. However, even though mindfulness – broadly viewed as a state of active awareness – has been described mainly at the individual level, it may also have important effects at aggregated levels. In this article, we adopt a team-based conceptualization of mindfulness, and develop a framework that represents the powerful effect of team mindfulness on facilitating effective decision-making. We further discuss how a conceptualization of team mindfulness may mitigate the process of false consensus by interacting positively with the following five central team processes: open-mindedness, participation, empowerment, conflict management, and value and ambiguity tolerance. A false consensus constitutes a cognitive bias, leading to the perception of a consensus that does not exist. In essence, we argue that, although a conceptualization of team mindfulness does not guarantee effective decision-making in itself, it may successfully reduce false consensus when coupled with these five team processes. Accordingly, this article contributes to the theory and practice of team decision-making by demonstrating how a conceptualization of team mindfulness can be helpful in the increasingly complex and ambiguous situations faced by contemporary teams.
O impacto da segregação ocupacional por gênero e raça na desigualdade de renda no Brasil em três décadas (1986-2015)
Authors: Souza Silveira Leonardo , Siqueira Leão Natália
Published: July 2020

O artigo tem como objetivo principal analisar a segregação ocupacional por gênero e raça e seu impacto no diferencial de renda no Brasil entre 1986 e 2015. Para isso, replicamos cinco índices multigrupos desenvolvidos por Del Río e Alonso-Villar (2015) que abarcam medidas globais e locais e permitem a decomposição da desigualdade salarial. Por meio da análise da segregação ao longo do tempo, observamos que processos econômicos, sociais e políticos nesses 29 anos levam a uma estrutura ocupacional e um mercado de trabalho mais igualitário no Brasil. Além disso, também realizamos análises para trabalhadores com ensino superior completo e para as regiões Sul e Sudeste. Os resultados apontam uma queda na segregação ocupacional, principalmente por gênero, apesar das heterogeneidades encontradas por escolaridade e na definição salarial (discriminação).
El inicio de la vida sexual en México. Un análisis de los cambios en el tiempo y las diferencias sociales
Authors: Rojas Olga Lorena , Castrejón Caballero José Luis
Published: July 2020

En este artículo presentamos los resultados de un estudio sobre el inicio de la vida sexual en México, con la finalidad de detectar posibles cambios en su calendario y, en las circunstancias en las que se lleva a cabo, identificar distintos patrones de ocurrencia por cohortes para dar cuenta de los factores sociodemográficos que pueden ser predictores de esta experiencia. Con datos de la Encuesta Demográfica Retrospectiva (EDER) 2017 y mediante diversas técnicas estadísticas, obtuvimos resultados que confirman que en las cohortes más jóvenes estudiadas se registra un ligero adelanto en la edad de iniciación sexual. Observamos además notorias diferencias en las circunstancias en las que hombres y mujeres experimentan esta transición al considerar el tipo de localidad de residencia y el estrato social de origen. Constatamos también que en México sigue vigente un doble estándar de iniciación sexual marcado por el género. Finalmente, encontramos que la corresidencia en el hogar de los padres es un factor protector para hombres y mujeres, mientras que la asistencia a la escuela lo es para el caso femenino. En contraste, dejar la escuela, estar trabajando y haberse unido son fuertes predictores del riesgo de iniciarse sexualmente.
La sobreeducación en México: ¿promotora o inhibidora de la exclusión laboral?
Authors: Escoto Castillo Ana Ruth , Márquez Scotti María Clara , Prieto Rosas Victoria
Published: July 2020

La gran expansión educativa de la población mexicana ha estado acompañada por el incremento en la incidencia de la sobreeducación y de muy bajas tasas de creación de empleo protegido. En este artículo analizamos el perfil de las/os trabajadores sobreeducados y de qué modo este tipo de desajuste educativo interviene en el proceso de exclusión del empleo productivo, protegido y adecuadamente remunerado en el mercado laboral mexicano. Con base en datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo (ENOE) del tercer trimestre de 2019, estimamos modelos logísticos secuenciales sobre la probabilidad de actividad, ocupación, sobreeducación y precariedad. Los resultados identifican los perfiles de población asociados a la sobreeducación y dentro de esta a la precariedad. Además, se constata que la sobreeducación funciona para determinados grupos como promotor de la precariedad, pero en ningún caso la inhibe.
Juventudes invisibilizadas en Argentina: la relevancia de los trabajos no remunerados y la validez de la categoría nini
Authors: Santillán Pizarro María Marta , Pereyra Eduardo Javier
Published: July 2020

Esta investigación se inscribe en la corriente de estudios que adopta el enfoque de derechos para el análisis de la cuestión juvenil. Desde este paradigma, se sostiene que la construcción de la categoría generación nini homogeneiza irreflexivamente la realidad de las juventudes que no estudian ni trabajan. El artículo tiene como objetivo revelar la importante presencia de los trabajos no remunerados en la población juvenil, poniendo en discusión la relevancia teórica y empírica de la categoría nini. Además, el trabajo pone en evidencia cómo ciertos factores clave como el género, la edad, el nivel educativo, el nivel de ingresos del hogar y la presencia de niños en el hogar, influyen en las trayectorias juveniles. Se utiliza la Encuesta sobre Trabajo No Remunerado y Uso del Tiempo, realizada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos de Argentina en el año 2013. Los resultados contribuyen a repensar el enfoque sobre la inactividad de las personas jóvenes y establecer nuevos lineamientos de las políticas públicas para abordar la cuestión juvenil.
Distribución espacial del homicidio juvenil masculino y desigualdad territorial en Ciudad de México y Estado de México (2000-2002 y 2010-2012)
Authors: Mejía Escamilla Ma. Guadalupe , Spijker Jeroen , Manetta Alex
Published: July 2020

El homicidio juvenil masculino es un fenómeno creciente en las periferias urbanas mexicanas. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar ciertas correlaciones entre la distribución espacial del homicidio masculino y las desigualdades socioeconómicas en delegaciones y municipios mayores a los 100 000 habitantes (Ciudad de México y Estado de México, 2000-2002 y 2010-2012). A través de un análisis de clústeres, definidos de acuerdo con las características de la población, se obtiene que la intensidad del homicidio masculino (15 a 34 años) es más elevado en las unidades territoriales con peores indicadores. Mientras que las tasas de homicidio disminuyeron donde antes eran más elevadas, estas aumentaron en las unidades con mejores indicadores, pero de modo concentrado entre los individuos de baja escolaridad. Se concluye que el homicidio, al victimizar de manera más intensa a los hombres jóvenes de bajos recursos, profundiza las desigualdades y las desventajas relativas, lo que se corrobora con el triángulo vicioso de la violencia de Galtung (1990).
El cuidado de adultos mayores en Paraguay: estrategias colectivas y circulación de cuidados en familias transnacionales
Authors: Pena Nuria
Published: July 2020

Este artículo analiza las formas en las que se organiza el cuidado de adultos mayores paraguayos con especial foco en áreas rurales y en aquellas familias cuyos hijos han migrado a Argentina. Como insumo principal se analizan entrevistas y observaciones de un trabajo de campo binacional. Se examinan prácticas de cuidados en espacios colectivos y recursos diferenciados a los que acceden las familias transnacionales. La investigación concluye que, en contextos de aislamiento y escasos apoyos estatales, la participación en familias trasnacionales mejora las condiciones de vida de adultos mayores en Paraguay rural. Además, reflexiona en torno a la necesidad de avanzar hacia modelos conceptuales adecuados que faciliten avanzar en el desarrollo de políticas nacionales y transnacionales que garanticen responsabilidades públicas en el cuidado de adultos mayores.
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Children Diagnosed with LowGrade (I-III) Vesicoureteral Reflux
Authors: Azarfar Anoush , Ravanshad Yalda , Golsorkhi Mohadese , Azarfar Anoush , Ghezi Azam , Ravanshad Sahar , Sarvari Gholamreza , Seyedkaboli Sepideh
Published: July 2020

Objective: The benefit of continuing and low-dose antibiotic therapy in urinary tract infection (UTI)
prevention and renal injury for children diagnosed with primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is not obvious.
Materials and Methods: Patients aged between 2 to 71 months with VUR grade I–III with UTI proved
microbiologically were randomly classified into two groups to receive either antibiotic prophylaxis (50
mg/kg cephalexin) daily or nothing at all for one year. The main outcome was symptomatic UTI confirmed
by lab tests.
Results: A total of 60 children diagnosed with VUR grade I through III were enrolled in this study; At least
five (17%) symptomatic UTI reported in 29 patients receiving antibiotic prophylaxis and four (12%) in 31
patients receiving no antibiotics at all. Results revealed that continuing and low-dose antibiotic prophylaxis
does not significantly reduce the risk of symptomatic UTI in children with mild to moderate VUR.
Conclusion: The use of antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing recurrent infections and kidney scar formation
in children with VUR grade I-III is not supported by this study.
Ten Year Retrospective Review of Bartter Syndrome at Sheikh Hospital 2008-2018
Authors: Azarfar Anoush , Ravanshad Yalda , Golsorkhi Mohadese , Azarfar Anoush , Ravanshad Sahar , seyedin Zeinab , Bagheri Sepideh , Seyedkaboli Sepideh
Published: July 2020

Objective: Bartter syndrome is a type of autosomal-recessive genetic abnormality with a low prevalence.
In this abnormality, due to the mutations in the cotransporters and channeling proteins that are responsible
for the transfer of sodium, chloride and potassium electrolytes in the thick ascending loop of Henle, the
body throws out a large amount of these electrolytes through the urine. Early birth (prematurity),
polyhydramnios, alkalosis and hypokalemia are the most important side effects of Bartter syndrome.
Accordingly, quick detection of this can improve the treatment.
Methods and Materials: The purpose of the current study is to investigate the symptoms of patients
referred to Sheikh Hospital (Mashhad, Iran) over the past ten years due to Bartter's syndrome. Accordingly,
by referring to patients' files, information about them is extracted from the historical documents and,
statistically analyzed. Patients are also requested to complete a questionnaire, if necessary, through a
telephone conversation.
Results: Our findings indicated that symptoms including fever, polyuria, polydipsia, nausea and seizure,
fever, physical and mental retardation, and one death among 14 participants were reported. Also, the
biochemical findings of this study showed that potassium ion (k+ ) concentration in the serum of neonates
was significantly lower than normal (p = 0.0001), and the concentration of calcium ions (Ca2+) and urea
composition was significantly higher than normal (p = 0.0001). Also, sonographic findings showed that
nephrocalcinosis and microlithiasis were observed in the participants in this study. Potassium chloride,
normal saline, Brufen and Aldactone were used for treatment.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that high concentrations of calcium and urea, low concentration of
potassium ion, and complications such as fever and seizure along with polyhydramnios and nephrocalcinosis
are the most important symptoms seen in patients with Bartter syndrome in the last 10 years.
Cytolytic Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation Therapy for EBV-Associated Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: Middeldorp Jaap M. , Novalić Zlata , Verkuijlen Sandra A.W.M. , Greijer Astrid E. , Middeldorp Jaap M.
Published: July 2020

Background: Epstein-Barr virus associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) is considered a distinct GC
disease entity, with the virus persisting in a latent phase. Treatment with Epirubicin, Capecitabine and
Cisplatin (ECC combination) showed survival benefit in patients with GC in clinical trials (MAGIC study
and CRITICS study) when compared to chemotherapy with Capecitabine and Cisplatin (GCb/Cis). Current
treatment protocols for GC do not consider virus involvement.
Methods: In this study, we tested a CytoLytic Virus Activation (CLVA) strategy consisting of the ECC
combination or GCb/Cis together with the HDAC inhibitor Valproic acid (VPA) to define whether EBV
reactivation and subsequent antiviral treatment with Ganciclovir (GCV) could be used as virus-targeted
therapy for EBVaGC. Drug combinations with VPA and GCV were evaluated in multiple cell lines and in
an EBVaGC mouse model based on human naturally EBV-infected SNU-719 cells.
Results: EBV reactivation was demonstrated by lytic mRNA transcripts and proteins in treated cells, and
the virus-reactivating capacity of different CLVA drug combinations was compared in C666.1, AGS-BX1
and SNU-719 cell lines. In an EBVaGC mouse model, GCb/Cis with VPA and GCV strongly reduced tumor
volume and showed the highest potential for EBV-reactivation. Upon a single round of CLVA treatment,
EBV DNA levels in circulation decreased, and loss of EBV-positive cells in treated tumors was observed.
In vivo EBV-reactivation was revealed by the presence of lytic gene transcripts and proteins in tumor tissues
6 days after treatment.
Conclusion: In EBVaGC model systems, CLVA treatment showed a more potent virus reactivation and
killing of tumor cells when compared to standard chemotherapy alone, suggesting that addition of VPA plus
GCV to the ECC or GCb/Cis combination should be considered in future clinical studies.