bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shape‐Memory Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Yang Liangliang , Liu Qingjiang , Liu Youfa , Chen Xiaoyang , Luo Jinhao , Huang Yan
Published: August 2022

With the great development of rechargeable energy storage devices, security, operation, product life and quality of experience of these devices have attracted special attention. Aiming to resolve these challenges, smart electrochemical energy storage devices with shape memory function are being developed, because shape memory material can well serve as a detector. For example, if there is a risk during the use of a battery, it can convey the information in the form of shape and play the role of automatic protection simultaneously. In this review, we briefly introduce mechanisms and materials of shape memory, summarize the research progress of electrochemical energy storage devices with shape memory function in recent years, and the application of such energy storage devices. Furthermore, challenges and opportunities for the development of shape memory electrochemical devices are discussed.
Conducting Carbon Rich Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets with Attached Nano Sulfur Copolymer as High Capacity Cathode for Long‐Lifespan Lithium‐Sulfur Battery
Authors: Tiwari Rupesh K. , Singh Shishir K. , Srivastava Nitin , Mishra Raghvendra , Meghnani Dipika , Patel Anupam , Tiwari Anurag , Tiwari Vimal K. , Singh Rajendra K.
Published: August 2022

A mesoporous, conducting, high specific surface area, carbon‐rich graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) nanosheets host covered by nano sulfur copolymer has been reported as a cathode material that shows high capacity along with long cyclability for rechargeable lithium‐sulfur batteries (LiSBs). The thermal pyrolysis technique has been used for carbon‐rich GCN sheets synthesis, and the chemical deposition approach has been used to attach surface nanoparticles to the sheets. Further, to improve the binding of nano sulfur with host material, copolymerization of nano sulfur is carried out with help of 1,3‐diethynylbenzene (DEB) monomer through the solution route. The sulfur nanoparticles are loaded on conducting carbon‐rich GCN framework for fast electro kinematics and further copolymerization of sulfur nanoparticles is done to prevent the dissolution of the active material (sulfur) into the electrolyte during the charging/discharging for high capacity and long cycle life rechargeable LiSBs cathode preparation. The synthesized composite with high sulfur loading (∼76 wt.% of composite cathode material) as cathode shows an initial discharge capacity of ∼1380 mAh g−1at 0.1 C and a good discharge capacity of ∼700 mAh g−1after 1000 cycles at 1 C with ultra‐low‐capacity fading ∼0.016 % of the initial capacity in each cycle.
Survey of Zirconium‐Containing NaSICON‐type Solid‐State Li+ Ion Conductors with the Aim of Increasing Reduction Stability by Partial Cation Substitution
Authors: Loutati Asmaa , Odenwald Philipp , Aktekin Burak , Sann Joachim , Guillon Olivier , Tietz Frank , Fattakhova‐Rohlfing Dina
Published: August 2022

Various compositions of the series Li1+xM3+xZr2−x(PO4)3 where M3+=Al3+, Sc3+, Y3+ were prepared by solution‐assisted solid‐state reaction, since they could have a higher reduction stability as solid electrolytes in lithium batteries than in germanium‐ or titanium‐containing materials. The influence of substitution on crystallographic parameters, density, and ionic conductivity were investigated. The cation substitution of M3+ (M=Al, Sc, Y) for Zr4+ in LiZr2(PO4)3 stabilizes the rhombohedral NaSICON structure (space group
) at room temperature and increases the ionic conductivity significantly. Here, at 25 °C and with a consistent relative density of 94 %–96 %, an ionic conductivity of 2.7×10−5 S cm−1, 6.7×10−5 S cm−1, and 3.6×10−6 S cm−1 was achieved with the compositions Li1.2Sc0.2Zr1.8(PO4)3, Li1.2Y0.2Zr1.8(PO4)3, and Li1.2Al0.2Zr1.8(PO4)3, respectively. In comparison with Li1+xScxZr2−x(PO4)3, the Y3+ substitution in LiZr2(PO4)3 enhanced the ionic conductivity slightly and denoted the maximum Li+ ionic conductivity obtained at room temperature. However, substitution with Al3+ decreased the ionic conductivity. For the first time, this work provides a complete overview of three series of solid Li‐ion conductors in the Li2O‐M2O3‐ZrO2‐P2O5 system where M=Al, Sc, Y. Noticeable differences in the chemistry of resulting compounds were observed, which likely depend on the ionic radius of the cations being substituted. The series with Sc showed complete miscibility from x=0 to x=2 with a continuous change of the NaSICON polymorphs. The series with Y showed a solubility limit at about x=0.3 and higher substitution levels led to the increasing formation of YPO4. The series with Al exhibited continuously decreasing ionic conductivity until x=1, whereupon the investigation was terminated due to its very low conductivity of about 10−10 S cm−1.
The impact of anger and self‐concealment on post‐traumatic stress and psychiatric comorbid symptoms in Chinese prisoners: A longitudinal study
Authors: Chung Man Cheung , Chen Zhuo Sheng , Han Bu Xin
Published: August 2022

Background

Research reported prevalence of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among prisoners varies between countries, with most studies based on Western samples. The trajectory of symptoms has also been controversial. Trauma can affect prisoners' emotions and their emotional regulation tends to be maladaptive.

Aims

To examine changes in PTSD and psychiatric comorbidity among prisoners in China over time and to determine whether anger and self‐concealment predicts later distress.

Method

In a longitudinal, prospective study, sentenced men in one prison in China were asked to complete a demographic page and several self‐rating scales: the Post‐traumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale, the General Health Questionnaire‐28, the Clinical Anger Scale and the Self‐Concealment Scale at baseline and at 6 and 12 months after the initial assessment.

Results

More than half of the 496 participating men were diagnosed with PTSD. For those completing the scales at each evaluation, PTSD‐DS scores were significantly lower at baseline than at the 6‐month and 1‐year assessments. No significant differences were found between the two follow‐up scores. There was no significant difference in psychiatric comorbidity between the three phases. At the cross‐sectional level, after controlling for age and education level, PTSD, anger and self‐concealment were associated with psychiatric comorbidity. At the prospective level, anger predicted PTSD 6 months and 1 year later. Self‐concealment predicted psychiatric comorbidity over time.

Conclusions

Among these prisoners the prevalence of chronic PTSD was far higher than in general population estimates. Early identification of aspects of coping styles is likely to help predict disorder trajectory and inform interventions. Early signs of anger were indicative of the chronic severity of trauma reactions, while the intention to hide distress was related to other later mental health problems.
Calcium Carbonate Dissolution from the Laboratory to the Ocean: Kinetics and Mechanism
Authors: Batchelor‐McAuley Christopher , Yang Minjun , Rickaby Rosalind E. M. , Compton Richard G.
Published: August 2022

The ultimate fate, over the course of millennia, of nearly all of the carbon dioxide formed by humankind is for it to react with calcium carbonate in the world's oceans. Although, this reaction is of global relevance, aspects of the calcite dissolution reaction remain poorly described with apparent contradictions present throughout the expansive literature. In this perspective we aim to evidence how a lack of appreciation of the role of mass‐transport may have hampered developments in this area. These insights have important implications for both idealised experiments performed under laboratory conditions and for the measurement and modelling of oceanic calcite sediment dissolution.
Characterization of a Novel Cytochrome Involved in Geobacter sulfurreducens’ Electron Harvesting Pathways
Authors: Teixeira Liliana R. , Fernandes Tomás M. , Silva Marta A. , Morgado Leonor , Salgueiro Carlos A.
Published: August 2022

Electron harvesting bacteria are key targets to develop microbial electrosynthesis technologies, which are valid alternatives for the production of value‐added compounds without utilization of fossil fuels. Geobacter sulfurreducens, that is capable of donating and accepting electrons from electrodes, is one of the most promising electroactive bacteria. Its electron transfer mechanisms to electrodes have been progressively elucidated, however the electron harvesting pathways are still poorly understood. Previous studies showed that the periplasmic cytochromes PccH and GSU2515 are overexpressed in current‐consuming G. sulfurreducens biofilms. PccH was characterized, though no putative partners have been identified. In this work, GSU2515 was characterized by complementary biophysical techniques and in silico simulations using the AlphaFold neural network. GSU2515 is a low‐spin monoheme cytochrome with a disordered N‐terminal region and an α‐helical C‐terminal domain harboring the heme group. The cytochrome undergoes a redox‐linked heme axial ligand switch, with Met91 and His94 as distal axial ligands in the reduced and oxidized states, respectively. The reduction potential of the cytochrome is negative and modulated by the pH in the physiological range: −78 mV at pH 6 and −113 mV at pH 7. Such pH‐dependence coupled to the redox‐linked switch of the axial ligand allows the cytochrome to drive a proton‐coupled electron transfer step that is crucial to confer directionality to the respiratory chain. Biomolecular interactions and electron transfer experiments indicated that GSU2515 and PccH form a redox complex. Overall, the data obtained highlight for the first time how periplasmic proteins bridge the electron transfer between the outer and inner membrane in the electron harvesting pathways of G. sulfurreducens.
Synthesis and separation of diastereomeric N‐(1‐phenylethyl)amides of inherently chiral hydroxydibenzoyloxy‐calix[4]arene acetic acids
Authors: Trybrat Oleksandr O. , Yesypenko Oleksandr A. , Rusanov Eduard B. , Kalchenko Vitaly I.
Published: August 2022

A preparative method for the synthesis of optically pure N‐(1‐phenylethyl)amides of inherently chiral (cR)‐ and (cS)‐dibenzoyloxy‐calix[4]arene acetic acids has been developed. Their absolute stereochemical configuration was determined by X‐ray diffraction analysis.
New Dimensions in Catalysis Research with Hard X‐Ray Tomography
Authors: Das Srashtasrita , Pashminehazar Reihaneh , Sharma Shweta , Weber Sebastian , Sheppard Thomas L.
Published: August 2022

The structure and function of solid catalysts are inseparably linked at length scales from nm to cm and beyond. Hard X‐ray tomography offers unique potential for spatially‐resolved characterization by combining flexible spatial resolution with a range of chemical contrasts. However, the full capabilities of hard X‐ray tomography have not been widely explored in the catalysis community. This review highlights modern advances in hard X‐ray tomography using synchrotron radiation. Case studies from model to technical scale illustrate the bright future of X‐ray tomography in catalysis research.
A Review: Pre‐lithiation Strategies Based on Cathode Sacrificial Lithium Salts for Lithium‐Ion Capacitors
Authors: Su Kailimai , Wang Yan , Yang Bao , Zhang Xu , Wu Wei , Lang Junwei , Yan Xingbin
Published: August 2022

Similar to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), during the first charge/discharge process of lithium‐ion capacitors (LICs), lithium‐intercalated anodes (e.g., silicon, graphite, and hard carbon) also exhibit irreversible lithium intercalation behaviors, such as the formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI), which will consume Li+ in the electrolyte and significantly reduce the electrochemical performance of the system. Therefore, pre‐lithiation is an indispensable procedure for LICs. At present, commercial LICs mostly use lithium metal as the lithium source to compensate for the irreversible capacity loss, which has the demerits of operational complexity and danger. However, the pre‐lithiation strategy based on cathode sacrificial lithium salts (CSLSs) has been proposed, which has the advantages of low cost, simple operation, environmental protection, and safety. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a timely and comprehensive summary of the application of CSLSs to LICs. In this review, the important roles of pre‐lithiation in LICs are detailed, and different pre‐lithiation methods are reviewed and compared systematically and comprehensively. After that, we systematically discuss the pre‐lithiation strategies based on CSLSs and mainly introduce the lithium extraction mechanism of CSLSs and the influence of intrinsic characteristics and doping amount of CSLSs on LICs performance. In addition, a summary and outlook are conducted, aiming to provide the essential basic knowledge and guidance for developing a new pre‐lithiation technology.
Heart failure in Fabry disease revisited: application of current heart failure guidelines and recommendations
Authors: Rob Daniel , Marek Josef , Dostalova Gabriela , Linhart Ales
Published: August 2022

Aims

Fabry disease (FD) is often associated with heart failure (HF). However, data on HF prevalence, prognosis, and applicability of echocardiographic criteria for HF diagnosis in FD remain uncertain.

Methods and results

We evaluated patients with genetically proven FD for symptoms and natriuretic peptides indicating HF. We then analysed the diagnostic utility of the currently recommended European Society of Cardiology (ESC) echocardiographic criteria for HF diagnosis and their relationship to natriuretic peptides. Finally, we examined the association between HF and echocardiographic criteria with mortality and cardiovascular events during follow‐up. Of 116 patients with FD, 48 (41%) had symptomatic HF (mean age 58 ± 11 years, 62% male). HF with preserved ejection fraction (HF‐pEF) was diagnosed in 43 (91%) patients, representing the dominant phenotype. Left ventricular mass index (LVMi) had the highest diagnostic utility (sensitivity 71% and specificity 83%) for HF diagnosis in FD, followed by E/e′ > 9 (sensitivity 76% and specificity 78%) and global longitudinal strain (GLS) <16% (sensitivity 54% and specificity 88%). Log N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide correlated significantly with LVMi (r = 0.60), E/e′ (r = 0.54), and GLS (r = 0.52) (all Ps < 0.001) but not with left ventricular ejection fraction (r = −0.034, P = 0.72). During follow‐up (mean 1208 ± 444 days), patients diagnosed with HF had a higher rate of all‐cause mortality and worsening HF (33% vs. 1.5%, P < 0.001). Abnormal LVMi, E/e′ > 9, and GLS < 16% were all associated with higher all‐cause mortality and worsening HF.

Conclusions

This study found a high prevalence of symptomatic HF in FD patients. HF‐pEF was the dominant phenotype. LVMi, E/e′, and GLS yielded the highest diagnostic utility for HF diagnosis and were significantly correlated with natriuretic peptides levels. Echocardiographic criteria proposed by current ESC HF guidelines apply to Fabry patients and predict cardiovascular events. At follow‐up, Fabry patients with HF diagnosis had high event rates and significantly worse prognosis than patients without HF.
The Systems Chemistry of Nucleic‐acid‐Peptide Networks
Authors: Kumar Bandela Anil , Sadihov‐Hanoch Hava , Cohen‐Luria Rivka , Gordon Christella , Blake Alexis , Poppitz George , Lynn David G. , Ashkenasy Gonen
Published: August 2022

Living cells use chemical building blocks (biopolymers) to form fascinatingly complex architectures, which in turn display multiple functions necessary for the cell life cycle. The mechanisms and order of events by which forerunners of these extant biopolymers formed on the early earth remains under intensive investigation. Prebiotic chemistry research has recently provided ample evidence that both peptide and nucleic‐acid (NA) precursors could be formed in a primordial environment through common synthetic routes. However, until recently, studies directed at the design of functional supramolecular structures have focused primarily on assemblies made of either peptides or NAs. The emerging discipline of Systems Chemistry now develops dynamic supramolecular interactions to capture the complex emergent properties of reaction networks. Accordingly, we review here recent work that reveals mutualistic nucleic acid/peptide co‐assembly, and approaches toward utility of these architectures as functional materials capable of substrate binding, catalysis, replication, and translation. Many of these new approaches to smart soft biomaterials and functional bio‐nanotechnology provide insight and extend our understanding of the possible origins of living systems.
ICAT promotes colorectal cancer metastasis via binding to JUP and activating the NF‐κB signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Zihan , Hu Jiancong , Chen Junxiong , Zhang Jingdan , Li Weiqian , Tian Yu , Liu Huanliang , Yang Xiangling
Published: August 2022

Background

The inhibitor of β‐catenin and T‐cell factor (ICAT) is a direct negative regulator of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which is an attractive therapeutic target for colorectal cancer (CRC). Accumulating evidence suggests that ICAT interacts with other proteins to exert additional functions, which are not yet fully elucidated.

Methods

The overexpression of ICAT of CRC cells was conducted by lentivirus infection and plasmids transfection and verified by quantitative real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (real‐time RT‐PCR) and Western blotting. The effect of ICAT on the mobility of CRC cells was assessed by wound healing assay and transwell assay in vitro and lung metastasis in vivo. New candidate ICAT‐interacting proteins were explored and verified using the STRING database, silver staining, co‐immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry analysis (Co‐IP/MS), and immunofluorescence (IF) staining analysis.

Result

Inhibitor of β‐catenin and T‐cell factor overexpression promoted in vitro cell migration and invasion and tumor metastasis in vivo. Co‐IP/MS analysis and STRING database analyses revealed that junction plakoglobin (JUP), a homolog of β‐catenin, was involved in a novel protein interaction with ICAT. Furthermore, JUP downregulation impaired ICAT‐induced migration and invasion of CRC cells. In addition, ICAT overexpression activated the NF‐κB signaling pathway, which led to enhanced CRC cell migration and invasion.

Conclusion

Inhibitor of β‐catenin and T‐cell factor promoted CRC cell migration and invasion by interacting with JUP and the NF‐κB signaling pathway. Thus, ICAT could be considered a protein diagnostic biomarker for predicting the metastatic ability of CRC.
Stressful life events among women living homeless in Nicaragua, a low‐income country
Authors: Vázquez José Juan , Berríos Alberto , Cala‐Montoya Caridad A. , Lenta Malena
Published: August 2022

Nicaragua is one of the lowest income countries in Latin America, where there is a shortage of data on women living homeless. This paper analyses the types, timing and perceived causality of stressful life events (SLE) suffered both during childhood and adolescence and throughout life by women living homeless (n = 30). A structured interview was used to collect the data. Findings showed that women living homeless in Nicaragua suffered a very high number of SLEs, and that these were extremely severe and from very early ages. Most of the SLEs took place before the women became homeless. The SLEs suffered by the women interviewed in Nicaragua were largely similar to those seen in women living homeless in other cultural contexts with higher incomes, although it should be noted that those interviewed in Nicaragua had suffered a higher number of SLE during their childhood and adolescence. The women interviewed mainly attributed finding themselves homeless to having suffered SLEs in the family environment. The suffering of multiple and severe SLEs, largely leading to living in socioeconomically disadvantaged situations, seem to present a significant vulnerability factor both for becoming homeless and remaining homeless over time.
Experience with a nurse‐driven genetic counseling pathway of Italian women with uninformative BRCA test result
Authors: Blondeaux Eva , Lambertini Matteo , Buzzatti Giulia , Bruzzone Carla , Baraga Marina , Pisani Roberta , Del Mastro Lucia , Pronzato Paolo , Varesco Liliana , Bonelli Luigina
Published: August 2022

Several models of genetic counseling have been proposed to tackle the increasing volume of individuals requiring access to BRCA testing. Few data are available on patient experience and retention of information with nurse‐driven genetic counseling. We evaluated the experience and retention of information in women with an uninformative BRCA test result and who were not considered at high risk due to their personal/family history of cancer who underwent geneticist‐supervised nurse‐driven genetic counseling and who received their test result by phone. Women who received an uninformative BRCA test result between May 2017 and September 2019 were administered a questionnaire exploring experience with genetic counseling and retention of information provided. Of 366 eligible women, 299 (273 breast cancer patients and 26 women without breast cancer) completed the interview. Overall, 280 women (93.6%) positively valued their experience with genetic counseling and 287 (96.0%) considered it helpful with 57.5% of them feeling reassured for themselves and their family. Information on the clinical implications of the test result was correctly retained and women acted accordingly. Overall, 252 women (87.8%) accurately reported their test result as normal/negative. Only 67 (22.4%) recognized that despite a normal BRCA test result, a low probability of a hereditary syndrome remains. Most women showed a poor ability to estimate cancer risk in BRCA mutation carriers and in the general population. Geneticist‐supervised nurse‐driven genetic counseling process for women with uninformative BRCA test result is associated with a positive patient experience and an adequate retention of information concerning the management of their personal and familial cancer risk. The design and implementation of nurse‐driven genetic counseling models may contribute to efficient and timely access to BRCA genetic testing.
Constructing certain families of 3‐polytopal graphs
Authors: Maffucci Riccardo W.
Published: August 2022

Let and be a 3‐polytopal graph such that for every , has at least one vertex of degree . We find the minimal vertex count for . We then describe an algorithm to construct the graphs . A dual statement may be formulated for faces of 3‐polytopes. The ideas behind the algorithm generalise readily to solve related problems. Moreover, given a 3‐polytope comprising a vertex of degree for all , fixed, we define an algorithm to output for a 3‐polytope comprising a vertex of degree , for all , and such that the initial is a subgraph of . The vertex count of is asymptotically optimal, in the sense that it matches the aforementioned minimal vertex count up to order of magnitude, as gets large. In fact, we only lose a small quantity on the coefficient of the second highest term, and this quantity may be taken as small as we please, with the tradeoff of first constructing an accordingly large auxiliary graph.
Interactive 3D touch and gesture capable holographic light field display with automatic registration between user and content
Authors: Sánchez Salazar Chavarría Iván Alexis , Shimomura Kyoka , Takeyama Saori , Yamaguchi Masahiro
Published: August 2022

This paper presents an interactive three‐dimensional (3D) touch and gesture user interface that utilizes a light‐field display and a 3D sensor. In contrast to conventional gesture interfaces, in which usually the image space and gesture space are separated, a user can directly interact with the 3D image in this interface system. To achieve this trait, the 3D registration between the sensor and display coordinate systems is necessary. In this study, we propose a method to automatically match the position of the reconstructed 3D image with the position of the hand of the user based on scattered light detection. The proposed calibration process is automatic and enables self‐calibration during practical operation without laborious measurement work. The method allows us to use the gesture detection capabilities of the leap motion controller to develop an interface where content and gesture positions match. We show some examples of 3D touch and gesture interactions in which the gesture position and the generated content match on a light field display.
Impact of maternal cytomegalovirus seroconversion on newborn and childhood hearing loss
Authors: Raynor Eileen M. , Martin Hannah L. , Poehlein Emily , Lee Hui‐Jie , Lantos Paul
Published: August 2022

Objectives/hypothesis

The objective of this study is to describe long‐term hearing outcomes in infants born to mothers with a known cytomegalovirus (CMV) positivity who were not tested for congenital CMV.

Study type

Clinical research study.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods

Retrospective chart review was performed for mothers seropositive to CMV. Mother–infant dyads (130) were identified between January 1, 2013 and January 1, 2017. Outcomes data was collected through June 1, 2020. Demographics, risk factors for hearing loss, evidence of CMV infection, other causes of hearing loss, need for speech therapy services, and results of all hearing tests were collected.

Results

All 130 infants were asymptomatic and 5 were tested for congenital CMV. Five were negative for CMV and excluded from analyses. Of the remaining 125, only 1 had low‐viral avidity IgG antibodies. None had IgM antibodies. Four children (3.2%) had hearing loss at last audiogram and one child had delayed onset SNHL due to an enlarged vestibular aqueduct. Speech therapy for communication was required for 33 children (26.4%).

Conclusions

Knowledge of maternal perinatal CMV status can allow for education about possible sequelae of cCMV, as well as trigger an alert for testing babies born to mothers with low‐viral avidity IgG during the first trimester, when the risk of vertical transmission is highest. Also, babies born to CMV positive mothers may be more at risk for communication delays necessitating intervention. Studies focusing on the impact of maternal CMV related to childhood communication deficits could elucidate any direct relationships.
Minor histocompatibility antigens HA‐8 and PANE1 in the TUNISIAN population
Authors: Said Rahma , Sellami Mohamed Hichem , Kaabi Houda , Hmida Slama
Published: August 2022

Background

Minor histocompatibility antigens (mHAgs) are endogenous immunogenic peptides initially identified due to complications detected in several contexts of HLA geno‐identical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In this study, we chose to examine the molecular polymorphism of the mHAgs HA‐8 and PANE1 in the Tunisian population.

Material and Methods

This study was conducted on 150 healthy and unrelated individuals. The DNA extraction and Sequence‐Specific Primers PCR (PCR‐SSP) methods were used for the molecular genotyping of the selected SNPs: PUM3 (rs2173904) and CENPM (rs5758511).

Results

Our results show that, 94% of Tunisians are carriers of the PANE1R allele (immunogenic variant of the PANE1 mHAg) and 68% of Tunisians are carriers of the HA‐8R allele (immunogenic variant of the HA‐8 mHAg). Furthermore, this study shows that about 5% of the Tunisians are carrier of the PANE1R antigen and its HLA molecule of presentation (the PANE1R/HLA‐A*0301 combination). However, only 2% of Tunisians are carrier of the HA‐8R/HLA‐A*0201 combination, that is, the HA8 immunogenic variant and its specific HLA molecule of presentation.

Conclusion

Our results are close to those reported in Caucasian, Asiatic, and African populations, this may be explained by the historical events experienced by Tunisia for millennia. These results could be used for further clinical and anthropological studies.
Neurocognitive functioning in children with sickle cell anemia and history of abnormal transcranial doppler ultrasonography
Authors: Longoria Jennifer N. , Wang Winfred , Kang Guolian , Gossett Jeffrey , Krull Kevin , King Allison A. , Raches Darcy , Schreiber Jane , Heitzer Andrew M. , Hankins Jane S.
Published: August 2022

Background

Transcranial doppler (TCD) ultrasonography can be used to identify stroke risk in children with sickle cell anemia. Previous studies have reported mixed findings on neurocognitive outcomes in children with elevated TCD. This study examined associations between TCD velocity and neurocognitive outcomes in children and adolescents without prior history of stroke.

Procedure

Participants were selected from the Sickle Cell Clinical Research Intervention Program cohort. The highest recorded mean maximum TCD velocity was selected for analysis, along with participant's most recent data from serial neurocognitive surveillance.

Results

A total of 200 children with sickle cell anemia completed neurocognitive testing (109 males, 91 females; mean age 12.7 years [SD = 3.56]). Most participants were prescribed hydroxyurea (72%) at the time of neurocognitive testing and nearly 16% had a history of chronic transfusions prior to neurocognitive evaluation. Mean age at time of highest TCD value was 6.6 years (SD = 2.5) and 13.5% of screenings were abnormal (≥200 cm/s). Mean interval between TCD and most recent neurocognitive evaluation was 6.1 years (±3.5). There were no significant differences in the interval between TCD and neurocognitive testing across normal, conditional, and abnormal groups. Maximum TCD velocity was not significantly associated with neurocognitive outcomes in multivariate models.

Conclusions

History of elevated TCD in the absence of overt stroke should not be considered a risk factor for poor neurocognitive outcomes in children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia on modern disease‐modifying therapy.
Proteomic characteristics of plasma and blood cells in natural aging rhesus monkeys
Authors: Wu Na , Xiao Fuchuan , Zhang Jing , Chi Yafei , Zhai Yanan , Chen Baian , Lu Jing
Published: August 2022

Aging has become a serious social issue that places a heavy burden on society. However, the underlying mechanisms of aging remain unclear. This study sought to understand the aging process as it may be affected by proteins in the blood, the most important functional system for material transportation in the body. We analyzed and compared the protein expression spectrums in the blood of old and young rhesus monkeys and found 257 proteins expressed differentially in plasma and 1183 proteins expressed differentially in blood cells. Through bioinformatics analysis, we found that the differentially‐expressed proteins in plasma were involved in signal pathways related to complement and coagulation cascades, pertussis, malaria, phagosome, and cholesterol metabolism, while the differentially‐expressed proteins in blood cells were involved in endocytosis, proteasome, ribosome, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, and Parkinson's disease. We confirmed that the protein levels of complement C2 in plasma and actin‐related protein 2/3 complex subunit 2 (ARPC2) in blood cells obviously decreased, whereas the complement C3 and complement component 4 binding protein beta (C4BPB) significantly increased in plasma of old rhesus monkeys and C57BL/6 mice. Our results suggest that C2, C3, C4BPB, and ARPC2 can be used as target proteins for anti‐aging research.
The therapeutic effects of climbing: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gassner Lucia , Dabnichki Peter , Langer Agnes , Pokan Rochus , Zach Heidemarie , Ludwig Michaela , Santer Agnes
Published: August 2022

Objective

Several recent studies show a growing popularity of therapeutic climbing (TC) for patients with various conditions. This could be an attempt to fill the gap left by traditional exercises that do not always address physical, mental, and social well‐being. This review provides an overview of the physical, mental, and social effects and safety aspects of climbing for different indications.

Literature Survey

A literature search was conducted on July 8, 2020 (update search August 26, 2021). We searched MEDLINE via Ovid, Embase, and PubMed and bibliographies of included studies, and we conducted a manual search.

Methodology

Two independent reviewers evaluated the quality of the studies using appropriate Risk of Bias (RoB) tools, and the level of evidence for each domain was graded. Study characteristics and effectiveness data for TC were extracted and synthesized. Meta‐analyses were conducted for the three dimensions (physical/mental/social health), using a random‐effects model.

Synthesis

A total of 112 publications were reviewed, and 22 full‐text articles were assessed regarding the eligibility criteria, of which 18 trials involving 568 patients were included. TC is safe and positively affects physical (e.g., fitness, motor control, movement velocity, dexterity, strength), mental (e.g., depressiveness, somatisation, psychoticism, emotion regulation, body perception, self‐esteem, fatigue), and social (e.g., social functioning, trust, communication, sense of responsibility) health for individuals with neurological, orthopedic, psychiatric, and pediatric ailments. The meta‐analysis showed a statistically significant improvement in the physical dimension favoring the climbing group. Improvements that were not statistically significant were found for the mental/social dimensions in the climbing group. The heterogeneity of data was moderate/high (social/mental dimension), and for the physical dimension, data were homogenous.

Conclusions

The studies investigating TC outline its positive effects in various patient groups. TC is a safe and effective treatment for improving physical/mental/social well‐being. This review is based on the best available evidence; however, significant gaps remain in providing sufficiently strong evidence.
Structural, Electronic, and Vibrational Properties of N2O4 under Pressure from First‐Principles Study
Authors: Liu Wei , Hong Dan , Li Wen-Guang , Liu Qi-Jun , Liu Zheng-Tang , Wang Qing-Feng
Published: August 2022

This article uses first principles to study a single molecular phase of N2O4. The structural, electronic, and vibrational properties of N2O4 under high pressure are calculated. The a‐axis and c‐axis compressibilities are basically the same. The bandgap of N2O4 decreases as the pressure increases; this is because under the action of pressure, the delocalized electrons in the system increase, so the bandgap decreases. There are two main types of N2O4 vibration: telescopic vibration and bending vibration. Herein, the calculated Raman spectrum and infrared (IR) spectrum are compared with the experimental values, and the agreement is better under normal pressure. With the increase of pressure, both the Raman and IR peaks of N2O4 appear blueshifted. This is because the applied pressure reduces the volume of the unit cell and reduces the distance between atoms, causing the movement between the atoms to intensify, so the vibration intensity increases. At the same time, under the action of pressure, N2O4 increases the IR activity in the high‐frequency region and reduces the IR activity in the low‐frequency region.
Super‐twisting sliding mode trajectory tracking adaptive control of wheeled mobile robots with disturbance observer
Authors: Li Zeyu , Zhai Junyong
Published: August 2022

This article aims at the difficulties of wheeled mobile robots (WMR) system with wheeled slipping and control backlash in trajectory tracking. A novel sliding mode control strategy is proposed. For estimating the lumped disturbance, an adaptive sliding mode disturbance observer is constructed and achieves the finite‐time convergence of estimate error. For the purpose of accelerating the trajectory tracking, a novel arctangent terminal sliding mode surface is designed. To overcome the control chattering, a novel super‐twisting sliding mode controller is constructed which makes the control effect continuous and achieves finite‐time tracking of virtual reference velocities. The asymptotic convergence of trajectory tracking error is guaranteed by the Lyapunov stability theory. The simulation and comparison results of a WMR system demonstrate the validity of the proposed scheme for trajectory tracking.
Railways: Tracks, Trains, and Travellers
Authors: Fisher-Høyrem Stefan
Published: August 2022

The Victorian railway network of technologies and associated practices was a prime site of secularization. A secular time independent of motion was the condition of possibility underpinning railway travellers’ ability to negotiate timetables formally locating all spaces within the same temporal grid, or to engage in conducts allowing their bodies to be relatively at rest while in transit. The electric telegraph helped towards expanding this temporal grid on a national scale, enveloping the entire national (eventually imperial) territory as an increasingly temporally synchronized whole. In this way, and to the degree that it succeeded in moving human bodies without deterioration, the Victorian railway network mediated secular time.
Schwerpunkt Kirchenmitgliedschaft
Authors: Winter-Pfändler Urs
Published: August 2022

Die Kirchen sind mit einem radikalen Umbruch in der Religionslandschaft konfrontiert: Die Bevölkerungsanteile der römisch-katholischen und evangelisch-reformierten Kirche sanken in den letzten Jahrzehnten, während der Anteil an Konfessionslosen stark anstieg. Gleichzeitig haben die Kirchen mit Vertrauensverlusten zu kämpfen. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeichnet diesen Umbruch nach und umreißt die sich daraus ergebenden gesellschaftlichen und persönlichen Konsequenzen (Austrittsneigung). Dazu thematisiert er die Mitgliederbindung der Kirchen, die Rolle des Vertrauens und analysiert Umfragedaten aus den Jahren 1998, 2009 und 2018. Dabei zeigt sich: (a) Die Kirchen haben in der Vergangenheit Vertrauen verloren. Im Vergleich mit anderen wichtigen gesellschaftlichen Akteuren wird ihnen aktuell am wenigsten Vertrauen entgegengebracht. Insbesondere die Konfessionslosen gehen gegenüber den Kirchen zusehends auf Distanz. (b) Der Einsatz der Kirchen für sozial Benachteiligte wird anerkannt. Die Bedeutung der Kirchen im eigenen Leben dagegen ist stark von der persönlichen Religiosität abhängig. (c) Jedes dritte Mitglied der römisch-katholischen (38 %) sowie der evangelisch-reformierten Kirche (37 %) überlegt sich, aus der Kirche auszutreten (Austrittsneigung). Und schließlich (d): Es lassen sich deutliche Zusammenhänge feststellen zwischen den Grössen Austrittsneigung, Religiosität, konfessionelle Zugehörigkeit, Vertrauen in die Kirchen und (in geringerem Maße) Soziodemografie der befragten Personen. Das Vertrauen, welches den Kirchen (z. B. im diakonisch-sozialen Bereich) noch entgegengebracht wird, gilt es zu bewahren und falls möglich auszubauen. Ansonsten droht die Gefahr, dass sich die Trends fortschreiben und die Entfremdung zur Kirche weiterwächst.
Step One
Authors: Chevez Agustin
Published: August 2022

I am both surprised and grateful to see that a handful of friends came to the city for a send-off. It’s dark and we make efforts to recognise each other’s silhouettes in the blackness, eventually realising that it’s too early and cold for anyone besides us to be in the square on such a crisp Sunday morning.
Award Winning Scones
Authors: Chevez Agustin
Published: August 2022

Whenever I walked into a small country town I looked for ‘award winning’ signs. These were usually written on folding boards standing outside bakeries letting passers-by know they had the best pies, vanilla slices, or scones in town. I trusted these accreditations more than the TripAdvisor Certificate of Excellence stickers on shop windows.
Winds
Authors: Chevez Agustin
Published: August 2022

I experienced my fair share of days walking in severe, gusty wind. The weather alert on my phone warned me of peak gusts of over 90 km/h and when it did, I relied on my walking sticks to keep me upright. I also paid extra attention to potential falling branches and even entire trees – gum trees have notoriously shallow roots. Strong wind also made for noticeably longer, or shorter, walking days depending on the wind’s direction and it played a role in whether camping was hard or simply impossible.
El Camino Sisyphus Style
Authors: Chevez Agustin
Published: August 2022

En-route adventures and stunning landscapes along the real Camino have inspired books such as Paulo Coelho’s The Pilgrimage [53], Hollywood movies The Way [54], and even award winning documentaries Walking the Camino [55]. As far as I know, nothing so lofty has come out of the virtual version and I think I know why.
Postcard from Pamplona
Authors: Chevez Agustin
Published: August 2022

My Camino came with extras that were not included in the Sydney pilgrimage: I got postcards. One of these was from when I arrived at Pamplona and, allegedly, I had a go at running with the bulls. A postcard, or better said a digital image of a postcard, arrived by email each time I accumulated the number of kilometres that warranted one.
Following Signposts
Authors: Chevez Agustin
Published: August 2022

What a journey it has been. Five years ago I would have had a hard time believing a commuter flight from Sydney to Melbourne would fill my mind with iguanas and send me on a pilgrimage.
Your Armchair Pilgrimage
Authors: Chevez Agustin
Published: August 2022

“I am changing my answer on boredom, I think you should actually go for that one. I will be processing it obsessively for some time, I assure you.” So read the message from Nora to let me know she had changed her mind. Nora didn’t walk with me to Sydney, but still experienced similar effects with the signposts. I received other messages from locals who also embarked on mini pilgrimages following signposts in their own minds.
On Wilderness, Carnivals, and Foolishness
Authors: Chevez Agustin
Published: August 2022

Let’s start our pilgrimage by following one of the most significant signposts of all: the workplace should promote absurdity. Signpost 2 came out of the idea that our capability to be absurd gives us a competitive edge over logic-based algorithms in the future of work. Because of this, absurdity should be nurtured at the places where we work (Signpost 3).
Getting There
Authors: Chevez Agustin
Published: August 2022

I haven’t forgotten about the other four signposts that I discussed with the locals. These will not be discussed in any detail, but I do want to share just three views which came up while discussing the process of delivering a workplace (Signpost 11).
Anatomy of a Pilgrimage
Authors: Chevez Agustin
Published: August 2022

My GPS diligently tracked the 905 km that I walked between two of Australia’s major cities and a pedometer counted each and every humble but persistent act of putting one foot in front of another a total of 1,281,772 times.
Assessment of hepatic fibrosis and inflammation with look-locker T1 mapping and magnetic resonance elastography with histopathology as reference standard
Authors: von Ulmenstein Sophie , Bogdanovic Sanja , Honcharova-Biletska Hanna , Blümel Sena , Deibel Ansgar R. , Segna Daniel , Jüngst Christoph , Weber Achim , Kuntzen Thomas , Gubler Christoph , Reiner Cäcilia S.
Published: August 2022

Purpose

To compare the diagnostic performance of T1 mapping and MR elastography (MRE) for staging of hepatic fibrosis and grading inflammation with histopathology as standard of reference.

Methods

68 patients with various liver diseases undergoing liver biopsy for suspected fibrosis or with an established diagnosis of cirrhosis prospectively underwent look-locker inversion recovery T1 mapping and MRE. T1 relaxation time and liver stiffness (LS) were measured by two readers. Hepatic fibrosis and inflammation were histopathologically staged according to a standardized fibrosis (F0–F4) and inflammation (A0–A2) score. For statistical analysis, independent t test, and Mann–Whitney U test and ROC analysis were performed, the latter to determine the performance of T1 mapping and MRE for fibrosis staging and inflammation grading, as compared to histopathology.

Results

Histopathological analysis diagnosed 9 patients with F0 (13.2%), 21 with F1 (30.9%), 11 with F2 (16.2%), 10 with F3 (14.7%), and 17 with F4 (25.0%). Both T1 mapping and MRE showed significantly higher values for patients with significant fibrosis (F0-1 vs. F2-4; T1 mapping p < 0.0001, MRE p < 0.0001) as well as for patients with severe fibrosis or cirrhosis (F0-2 vs. F3-4; T1 mapping p < 0.0001, MRE p < 0.0001). T1 values and MRE LS were significantly higher in patients with inflammation (A0 vs. A1-2, both p = 0.01). T1 mapping showed a tendency toward lower diagnostic performance without statistical significance for significant fibrosis (F2-4) (AUC 0.79 vs. 0.91, p = 0.06) and with a significant difference compared to MRE for severe fibrosis (F3-4) (AUC 0.79 vs. 0.94, p = 0.03). For both T1 mapping and MRE, diagnostic performance for diagnosing hepatic inflammation (A1-2) was low (AUC 0.72 vs. 0.71, respectively).

Conclusion

T1 mapping is able to diagnose hepatic fibrosis, however, with a tendency toward lower diagnostic performance compared to MRE and thus may be used as an alternative to MRE for diagnosing hepatic fibrosis, whenever MRE is not available or likely to fail due to intrinsic factors of the patient. Both T1 mapping and MRE are probably not sufficient as standalone methods to diagnose hepatic inflammation with relatively low diagnostic accuracy.
Vorhersage von hydrologischen Abflusskennwerten in unbeobachteten Einzugsgebieten mit Machine Learning
Authors: Klingler Christoph , Feigl Moritz , Borgwardt Florian , Seliger Carina , Schmutz Stefan , Herrnegger Mathew
Published: August 2022

Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden Abflusskennwerte für Hochwasser (MJHQ), Mittelwasser (MQ) sowie Niederwasser (MJNQ, MJNQ7, Q95, Q98) für alle topografischen Einzugsgebiete der österreichischen Oberflächenwasserkörper inklusive der ausländischen hydrologischen Oberlieger-Regionen vorhergesagt. Die Regionalisierung der Abflusskennwerte wurde mit dem Machine-Learning-Modell XGBoost durchgeführt. Zentrale Grundlage für das Training von XGBoost war der LamaH-Datensatz, welcher für 859 beobachtete Einzugsgebiete in Zentraleuropa über 70 aggregierte Einzugsgebietseigenschaften und 15 meteorologische Zeitreihen umfasst. Anthropogene Beeinflussungen wie z. B. Jahresspeicher oder Überleitungen wurden durch zusätzlich erstellte Attribute bei der Vorhersage berücksichtigt. Die Testergebnisse haben gezeigt, dass bei der Vorhersage der Abflusskennwerte in unbeobachteten Einzugsgebieten mit einer Abweichung von rund 20 % zu rechnen ist, wobei diese Schätzung auch stark anthropogen beeinflusste Gebiete beinhaltet. Darüber hinaus wurden auch 90-%-Konfidenzintervalle der Vorhersagen mit einem Quantile-Random-Forest-Modell geschätzt und klassifiziert. Die Ergebnisse werden der Öffentlichkeit in Form von Shapefiles unter https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6523372 kostenlos zur Verfügung gestellt.