bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of olfactory bulb pathology on olfactory function in normal aging
Authors: Tremblay Cécilia , Serrano Geidy E. , Intorcia Anthony J. , Sue Lucia I. , Wilson Jeffrey R. , Adler Charles H. , Shill Holly A. , Driver‐Dunckley Erika , Mehta Shyamal H. , Beach Thomas G.
Published: April 2022

Decline of olfactory function is frequently observed in aging and is an early symptom of neurodegenerative diseases. As the olfactory bulb (OB) is one of the first regions involved by pathology and may represent an early disease stage, we specifically aimed to evaluate the contribution of OB pathology to olfactory decline in cognitively normal aged individuals without parkinsonism or dementia. This clinicopathological study correlates OB tau, amyloid β (Aβ) and α‐synuclein (αSyn) pathology densities and whole brain pathology load to olfactory identification function as measured with the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) and clinical data measured proximate to death in a large autopsy study including 138 cases considered non‐demented controls during life. Tau pathology was frequently observed in the OB (95% of cases), while both Aβ (27% of cases) and αSyn (20% of cases) OB pathologies were less commonly observed. A weak correlation was only observed between OB tau and olfactory performance, but when controlled for age, neither OB tau, Aβ or αSyn significantly predict olfactory performance. Moreover, whole brain tau and αSyn pathology loads predicted olfactory performance; however, only αSyn pathology loads survived age correction. In conclusion, OB tau pathology is frequently observed in normally aging individuals and increases with age but does not appear to independently contribute to age‐related olfactory impairment suggesting that further involvement of the brain seems necessary to contribute to age‐related olfactory decline.
Impact of low iodine diets on ablation success in differentiated thyroid cancer: A mixed‐methods systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Herbert Georgia , England Clare , Perry Rachel , Whitmarsh Alex , Moore Theresa , Searle Aidan , Chotaliya Sneha , Ness Andy , Beasley Matthew , Atkinson Charlotte
Published: April 2022

Background

Debate remains regarding whether to recommend a low iodine diet (LID) before radioactive‐iodine treatment and its duration and stringency. This mixed‐methods review aimed to determine if iodine status affects treatment success, the most effective diet to reduce iodine status, and how LID impacts wellbeing.

Methods

Five electronic databases were searched until February 2021. An effectiveness synthesis (quantitative studies) and views synthesis (qualitative, survey, and experience‐based evidence) were conducted individually and then integrated. Quality assessment was undertaken.

Results

Fifty‐six quantitative and three qualitative studies were identified. There was greater ablation success for those with an iodine status of <50 mcg/L (or mcg/gCr) compared with ≥250 (odds ratio [OR] = 2.63, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18–5.86, n = 283, GRADE certainty of evidence very low). One study compared <50 mcg/L (or mcg/gCr) to 100–199 and showed similar rates of ablation success (OR = 1.59, 95% CI, 0.48–6.15, n = 113; moderate risk of bias). People following a stricter LID before ablation had similar rates of success to a less‐strict diet (OR = 0.67, 95% CI, 0.26–1.73, n = 256, GRADE certainty of evidence very low). A stricter LID reduced iodine status more than a less strict (SMD = −0.40, 95% CI, −0.56 to −0.24, n = 816), and reduction was seen after 1 and 2 weeks. The main challenges were a negative impact on psychological health, over restriction, confusion, and difficulty for sub‐groups.

Conclusions

Although a LID of 1–2 weeks reduces iodine status, it remains unclear whether iodine status affects treatment success as only a few low‐quality studies have examined this. LIDs are challenging for patients. Higher‐quality studies are needed to confirm whether a LID is necessary.
Minimal invasive treatment for post‐liver and renal transplant lymphatic leaks
Authors: Liu Hsien‐Tzu , Liu Chien‐An , Wang Hsin‐Kai , Chen Cheng‐Yen , Liu Chin‐Su , Shen Shu‐Huei
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Persistent lymphatic leakage from the surgical drain is a troubling complication occasionally encountered postoperatively. This study investigated lymphatic leaks after renal or liver transplantation, comparing the treatment efficacy of traditional catheter drainage vs. minimally invasive lymphatic interventions. We also discuss access and treatment targets considering the physiology of lymphatic flow.

Methods

Between September 2018 and September 2020, 13 patients with lymphatic leakage were treated with minimally invasive lymphatic interventions; 11 had received a renal transplant, and two received a liver transplant. The control group included 10 patients with postrenal transplant lymphatic leakage treated with catheter drainage. The treatment efficacy of catheter drainage, lymphatic interventions, and different targets of embolization were compared.

Results

The technical success rate for lymphatic intervention was 100%, and the clinical success rate was 92%, with an 82.9% reduction in drain volume on the first day after treatment. The duration to reach clinical success was 5.9 days with lymphatic intervention, and 33.9 days with conservative catheter drainage.

Conclusion

Lymphangiography and embolization are minimally invasive and efficient procedures for treating persistent lymphatic leaks after renal or liver transplantation. We suggest prompt diagnosis and embolization at upstream lymphatics to reduce the duration of drain retention, days of hospitalization, and associated comorbidities.
Point‐of‐care ultrasound for identification of ruptured infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Rhudy Anne Kelly , Patel Shivik , Houser Alex , Irfan Wajeeh , Sheahan Malachi
Published: April 2022

Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (rAAA) are associated with high mortality rates and require prompt diagnosis with subsequent intervention. CT scan is considered the gold standard for diagnosis, however, in the acute setting ultrasound may be a reasonable diagnostic test for certain patients. We report a case that demonstrates the utility of point‐of‐care ultrasound (PoCUS) in diagnosing rAAA for a patient in extremis. Also, we provide a brief review of literature for the diagnosis of rAAA with ultrasound.
Comprehensive lipidomics of lupus‐prone mice using LC–MS/MS identifies the reduction of palmitoylethanolamide that suppresses TLR9‐mediated inflammation
Authors: Ozaki Takashi , Kamiyama Naganori , Saechue Benjawan , Soga Yasuhiro , Gotoh Ryo , Nakayama Tatsuya , Fukuda Chiaki , Dewayani Astri , Chalalai Thanyakorn , Ariki Shimpei , Ozaka Sotaro , Sonoda Akira , Hirose Haruna , Gendo Yoshiko , Noguchi Kaori , Sachi Nozomi , Hidano Shinya , Maeshima Keisuke , Gotoh Koro , Masaki Takayuki , Ishii Koji , Osada Yoshio , Shibata Hirotaka , Kobayashi Takashi
Published: April 2022

Lipid mediators are known to play crucial roles not only in the onset of the inflammatory response but also in the induction of resolution of inflammation. Here, we report that palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), an endogenous N‐acylethanolamine, can suppress the inflammation induced by Toll‐like receptor (TLR) signaling both in vitro and in vivo. PEA was found to be significantly reduced in the serum and spleen of lupus‐prone MRL/lpr mice analyzed by lipidomics. PEA suppressed pro‐inflammatory cytokine production in a mouse macrophage cell line stimulated with TLR ligands such as lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, poly (I:C), imiquimod, and CpG‐ODN. PEA also inhibited both mRNA and protein levels of IL‐6 in bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and B cells stimulated with CpG‐ODN. Augmentation of cell surface CD86 and CD40 on BMDCs and B cells, IgM production, and cell proliferation of B cells in response to CpG‐ODN were attenuated by PEA. Moreover, PEA treatment significantly reduced mortality and serum IL‐6 levels in mice injected with CpG‐ODN plus D‐galactosamine. Taken together, PEA ameliorates inflammation induced by TLR signaling, which could be a novel therapeutic target for inflammatory disorders.
A review of bubble hair deformity
Authors: Li Yumeng M. , Diaz‐Perez Julio A. , Obayomi Aderonke , Galimberti Fabrizio , Romanelli Paolo , Tosti Antonella
Published: April 2022

Bubble hair deformity is an acquired abnormality characterized by air‐filled cavity formations within the hair shaft, usually because of heat damage. Traditionally, bubble hair is diagnosed by visualization of characteristic bubbles under light microscopy. The increased utilization of trichoscopy (scalp dermoscopy) has led to its adoption in the diagnosis of many hair and scalp conditions, including bubble hair deformity. We sought to review clinical reports evaluating the patient profile, use of diagnostic imaging, and treatment options for bubble hair deformity. A systematic search of PubMed was performed in February 2021 using various keywords. Titles and abstracts were screened, leading to the selection of 11 case reports or series. The majority of patients were middle‐aged Caucasian women who had used a heated tool to dry or style wet hair. Treatment consisted of cessation of heated tool usage. Light microscopy visualization of characteristic hair shaft cavities was used for diagnosis of bubble hair deformity in reports published prior to 2012. Diagnosis by trichoscopy was used in more recent reports. Our findings support the use of trichoscopy as a convenient and noninvasive method of diagnosing bubble hair deformity. More clinical studies are needed to evaluate the development of bubble hair deformity in ethnic hair.
Surface energies in high‐entropy carbides with variable carbon stoichiometry
Authors: Meng Hong , Chu Yanhui
Published: April 2022

The carbon vacancy in high‐entropy carbides (HECs) has a significant impact on their physical and chemical properties, yet relevant studies have still been relatively few. In this study, we investigate the surface energies of HECs with variable carbon vacancies through first‐principles calculations. The results show that the surface energy of the (1 0 0) surface of the stoichiometric HECs is significantly lower than that of (1 1 1) surface. With the decrease in carbon stoichiometry, the surface energies of both (1 0 0) and (1 1 1) surfaces increase gradually, which is mainly due to the weakening of covalent bonding and the decrease of metal Hirshfeld‐I (HI) charges. However, the surface energy of (1 0 0) surface increases more quickly than that of (1 1 1) surface and will exceed that of (1 1 1) surface when the carbon stoichiometry decreases to a certain extent, which is primarily attributed to the greater decrease rate of metal HI charges of (1 0 0) surface.
Fathers with their Children at an Art Exhibition: A Narrative Study
Authors: Acer Dilek , Baş Tuğba , Teke Nergiz
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study was to examine the early childhood experiences of children visiting an art exhibition with their fathers and creating their own artwork. It was designed and conducted as a narrative study, which is a qualitative research methodology. Five children in early childhood (48–88 months old) and their fathers participated in the research carried out in a Contemporary Arts Centre in Ankara, Turkey. Each father and child dyad visited the exhibition at different times and their dialogues during these visits were recorded. The data obtained in the study were analysed through content analysis. It was shown in the results that the fathers and children expressed their thoughts about features of the exhibited works such as size, line, transparency and texture as well as other aspects such as the part‐whole relationship and the materials and techniques used in the artworks. It was also observed in the process of creating images, that the fathers and their children had experiences in planning and initiating the creation process, continuing the drawing/colouring process, associating their artwork with the exhibition, naming their artwork and creating a common symbol. In addition, it was found that the fathers created narratives stating that they learned more about the perspective of their children regarding art, got to better know their children’s interests due to the artistic experience and decided to have more frequent artistic experiences with their children in the future.
Does emotion dysregulation mediate the association between ADHD symptoms and internalizing problems? A longitudinal within‐person analysis in a large population‐representative study
Authors: Antony Evelyn Mary‐Ann , Pihlajamäki Milla , Speyer Lydia Gabriela , Murray Aja Louise
Published: April 2022

Background

Previous research has suggested that children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms commonly show emotion dysregulation difficulties. These difficulties may partly explain the strong tendency for internalizing problems such as anxiety and depression to co‐occur with ADHD symptoms. However, no study has yet provided a longitudinal analysis of the within‐person links between ADHD symptoms, emotion dysregulation, and internalizing problems necessary to examine this hypothesis from a developmental perspective.

Methods

We used data from the age 3, 5, and 7 waves of the large UK population‐representative Millennium Cohort Study (n = 9,619, 4,885 males) and fit gender‐stratified autoregressive latent trajectory models with structured residuals (ALT‐SR) to disaggregate within‐ and between‐person relations between ADHD symptom, emotion dysregulation, and internalizing problem symptoms.

Results

We found that emotion dysregulation significantly mediated the longitudinal within‐person association between ADHD symptoms and internalizing problems.

Conclusions

Results underline the promise of targeting emotion dysregulation as a means of preventing internalizing problems co‐occurring with ADHD symptoms.
Complexities of care: Common components of models of care in geriatrics
Authors: McNabney Matthew K. , Green Ariel R. , Burke Meg , Le Stephanie T. , Butler Dawn , Chun Audrey K. , Elliott David P. , Fulton Ana Tuya , Hyer Kathryn , Setters Belinda , Shega Joseph W.
Published: April 2022

As people age, they are more likely to have an increasing number of medical diagnoses and medications, as well as healthcare providers who care for those conditions. Health professionals caring for older adults understand that medical issues are not the sole factors in the phenomenon of this “care complexity.” Socioeconomic, cognitive, functional, and organizational factors play a significant role. Care complexity also affects family caregivers, providers, and healthcare systems and therefore society at large. The American Geriatrics Society (AGS) created a work group to review care to identify the most common components of existing healthcare models that address care complexity in older adults. This article, a product of that work group, defines care complexity in older adults, reviews healthcare models and those most common components within them and identifies potential gaps that require attention to reduce the burden of care complexity in older adults.
Precepting medical students in the clinical setting: Its time, not money
Authors: Martinez Guadalupe Federico , Knox Kenneth S.
Published: April 2022

Martinez and Knox reflect on the many contextual factors that influence motivations to remain engaged in education through reaction to Hatfield et al.'s challenge of the belief that clinical precepting reduces productivity.
Rapid sequence and functional diversification of a miRNA superfamily targeting calcium signaling components in seed plants
Authors: Attri Komal , Zhang Zijie , Singh Atinder , Sharrock Robert A. , Xie Zhixin
Published: April 2022

MicroRNA (miRNA)‐directed posttranscriptional gene silencing (miR‐PTGS) is an integral component of gene regulatory networks governing plant development and responses to the environment. The sequence homology between Sly‐miR4376, a miRNA common to Solanaceae and reported to target autoinhibited Ca2+‐ATPase 10 (ACA10) messenger RNA (mRNA) in tomato, and Arabidopsis miR391 (Ath‐miR391), previously annotated as a nonconserved member of the deeply conserved miR390 family, has prompted us to revisit the function of Ath‐miR391, as well as its regulatory conservation.

A combination of genetic, molecular, and bioinformatic analyses revealed a hidden conservation for miR‐PTGS of ACA10 homologs in spermatophytes.

We found that the Arabidopsis ACA10 mRNA undergoes miR391‐directed cleavage in vivo. Furthermore, transgenic overexpression of miR391 recapitulated the compact inflorescence (cif) phenotypes characteristic of ACA10 loss‐of‐function mutants, due to miR391‐directed PTGS of ACA10. Significantly, comprehensive data mining revealed robust evidence for widespread PTGS of ACA10 homologs directed by a superfamily of related miRNAs sharing a conserved sequence core. Intriguingly, the ACA‐targeting miRNAs in Poaceae also direct PTGS for calmodulin‐like proteins which are putative Ca2+ sensors.

The PTGS of ACA10 homologs is therefore directed by a miRNA superfamily that is of ancient origin and has undergone rapid sequence diversification associated with functional innovation.
Dental anomalies in non‐syndromic orofacial clefts: A clinical approach
Authors: das Neves Lucimara Teixeira , de Carvalho Izabel Maria Marchi , Cobourne Martyn T. , Gomide Marcia Ribeiro
Published: April 2022

Orofacial clefts (OC) represent some of the most common congenital malformations and affect multiple structures in the craniofacial region. There are a wide range of morphological OC types within the spectrum of both non‐syndromic OC (NSOC) and syndromic OC, including cleft lip (CL), cleft lip and palate, (CLP), and cleft palate (CP). Here, we describe the most frequent dental anomalies seen in the permanent dentition of individuals with NSOC, comparing them between the three main cleft types (CL, CLP, and CP). We present these findings from the perspective of prevalence relating to each anomaly, as well as the clinical characteristics and potential impact on the rehabilitation process. The investigation of dental anomalies associated with NSOC is important, helping to expand the phenotypic characterization of NSOC, improve the initial diagnostics, and establish appropriate rehabilitation and counseling.
A Study on the “Intra‐alliance Bargaining‐Based” Approach to the US‐Japan Alliance∗
Authors: Kih Jiyun
Published: April 2022

This research sheds light on the structural causes of Japanese policy responses to regional power transition that have been often ambiguous and contradictory. No doubt, Japan is one of the most important allies for the US in light of its proactive participation in defense burden–sharing activities. This research observes, however, that Tokyo now finds itself facing the dilemma of being pressured to line up behind US policy initiatives that may be deemed contrary to the interests of Japan's national security. According to the “intra‐alliance bargaining‐based” explanation, the smaller state would then strive to ensure that its advantages can be strengthened and weaknesses mitigated in its multifaceted bargaining portfolio for dealing with its American ally to defend and uphold its national interests, not just through the alliance, but within the alliance itself. This would require the junior ally to invest in enhancing the credibility of its threat of exit via alternative options in order to manufacture bargaining power, thereby accounting for the case in which Japanese policy responses to regional power transition have become ambiguous and contradictory.
Establishment and Evaluation of National Power Index System: Evidence from Evidence‐Based Analysis
Authors: Li Shijun , Wang Dexin
Published: April 2022

National power is the basis of the current competition and game between global sovereign states. It is the organic integration and concentrated expression of the multi‐dimensional and complex factors of politics, economy, society, culture, ecology, value system, and history of any country. Due to the complexity of national power and the non‐objectivity of the assessment, the concept of national power and assessment must be constructed using multiple levels of evidence. Therefore, this paper constructs a three‐level evidence chain national power index system based on the systematic literature review, public value theory, and expert scoring, and takes the G20 countries as an example to measure the change and motive force of national power of the major countries in the world from 1992 to 2017. Research shows that national power is fundamentally dependent on the creation of multiple public values, and the trend of “weak countries getting weaker and strong countries getting stronger” among countries has strengthened. The increase of national power in different types of value power is not synchronous, but there are key points and outstanding improvements.
Transient breast livedo reticularis‐like exanthem in an adolescent with COVID‐19
Authors: Andina‐Martinez David , Martín‐Fernández Carmen , Noguero‐Morel Lucero , Torrelo Antonio
Published: April 2022

Livedo reticularis‐like eruptions have been described in different viral infections. In patients with COVID‐19, livedo reticularis‐like rashes are usually mild, typically present in a symmetric distribution and mostly involve the lower limbs. A case of livedo reticularis located exclusively on the breasts of a girl with mild systemic symptoms of COVID‐19 is presented. Coagulation studies were normal and findings disappeared within 1 week.
Nuclear copies of mitochondrial DNA as a potential problem for phylogenetic and population genetic studies of Odonata
Authors: Ožana Stanislav , Dolný Aleš , Pánek Tomáš
Published: April 2022

The use of mitochondrial markers for taxonomic identification and biodiversity monitoring is not without risks or limitations. Most importantly, the natural transfer of DNA from the mitochondria to the nucleus generates nonfunctional nuclear copies of mitochondrial DNA (NUMTs). Their abundance and size vary significantly among taxa, and NUMTs have been reported to complicate molecular studies based on mitochondrial markers in several insect orders, most prominently in Orthoptera. The significance of this phenomenon in Odonata has not yet been properly addressed. Here, we present a complete mitochondrial genome and a draft nuclear genome of Leucorrhinia albifrons (Odonata: Libellulidae), as well as NUMT and cox1 sequences from the related species Leucorrhinia dubia. We document the presence of NUMTs in the L. albifrons nuclear genome and in nuclear genomes of two other Odonata species available in public databases. Our results show that NUMTs can have a serious impact on barcoding, phylogenetic, population and phylogeographic studies of Odonata, especially when the barcode is located in the cox1 gene, the most frequently used molecular marker for Odonata. We suggest that nad1 should be used alone or in combination with cox1 to minimize unintended confusion with NUMTs. Finally, we present a mitophylogenomic analysis of Odonata and document several cases of misidentified mitochondrial genomes belonging to species different from those indicated in public databases. In conclusion, our findings represent an important step for future metabarcoding studies of Odonata based on mitochondrial DNA markers.
HLA‐B*13:01:01:09, a variant of HLA‐B*13:01:01:01, detected in a Japanese individual
Authors: Khor Seik‐Soon , Omae Yosuke , Tokunaga Katsushi
Published: April 2022

HLA‐B*13:01:01:09 differs from HLA‐B*13:01:01:01 by one nucleotide in intron 4 at positions 1913.
Improving our reaction time – Using technology to identify transfusion reactions sooner
Authors: L. Poisson Jessica , O'Leary Mandy Flannery
Published: April 2022

See article on page 1010–1018, in this issue
Benefit Conflicts and Program Defects of the Operation of Village Combination in China's Countryside: Also on the Practice Model of Developed Countries
Authors: Sha Jiahui , Liu Guangyao
Published: April 2022

Village combination is a significant social transformation and development event in China's rural areas. In the central government's original plan, the implementation of the policy should run smoothly. As some local governments forced the villagers to accept the merger policy in a radical administrative way, it caused opposition from all walks of life. From the perspective of cost-benefit, it can be found that the implementation of village combination has long-term benefits to the society as a whole. However, due to the neglect of the protection of villagers' legitimate rights and interests in the current operation, the positive effect of the policy is insufficient. In terms of fair compensation, the system ignores the monetary compensation for using the homestead, which leads to the loss of villagers' interests that cannot be effectively filled. Moreover, the lack of current legal provisions that implement the village combination is impossible to follow. At the same time, because of the local government's neglect of applicable laws, it is difficult for villagers to get just legal relief. In addition to discussing the chaos of the current village combination, the main ways that villages merge in developed countries outside the region are also discussed. Through the evaluation of these national practices, it provides a model for the better development of village combinations in China.
International Service-learning Experiences: Impacts on Post-service Education
Authors: Turner C. Roch , O’Reilly Frances L. , Matt John
Published: April 2022

This qualitative phenomenology investigates the acquisition of intercultural competencies during international service-learning experiences. Additionally, the authors of this article examine the impact of intercultural competencies on subsequent coursework. The findings of this study indicate that international service-learning experiences result in the acquisition of multiple intercultural competencies. Participants of this study were able to make their experiences more meaningful through the practice of purposeful reflection. Despite a lack of institutional preparedness, participants of this study unanimously acquired intercultural competencies that were used to contextualize the learning process in a more meaningful way.
De una teología de la ciudad a una teología desde la ciudad globalizada
Authors: Vide Rodríguez Vicente
Published: April 2022

El paradigma urbano ya no constituye el desafío central ni prioritario para la reflexión y praxis teológica. No es el reto decisivo ni fundamental, como sí lo fue desde 1960 hasta la emergencia del ciberespacio. Con el auge del fenómeno de la globalización, la delimitación de lo urbano y lo no urbano ha quedado difuminada y relativizada. Las relaciones entre la ciudad de la Modernidad y Posmodernidad y las religiones son mucho más complejas de lo que habían profetizado ciertos teóricos de la secularización que vaticinaban el progresivo declive y desaparición de las religiones en la ciudad secular.El retorno de lo sagrado en la ciudad postsecular es un hecho atestiguado por la mayoría de los estudios sociológicos, filosóficos, psicológicos y teológicos actuales. Desde que somos ciudadanos de la aldea global, la mayoría de las teologías de la ciudad o desde la ciudad tienden a identificar ciudad con globalización.La investigación que aquí se presenta ofrece una tipología de las teologías urbanas y evidencia, a partir del análisis de las bases de datos de las fuentes bibliográficas en las publicaciones de mayor impacto científico, cómo las mismas teologías de la ciudad reconocen –en sus conclusiones– que no es la ciudad sino son la secularización y el pluralismo sociocultural, propiciados por el desarrollo urbano, los lugares prioritarios en el quehacer teológico.Así las cosas, en este artículo se propone avanzar hacia una teología desde la ciudad globalizada, asumiendo las oportunidades del ciberespacio universal y evitando los riesgos de una globalización homogeneizadora.
Ketone Monoester Ingestion Alters Metabolism and Simulated Rugby Performance in Professional Players
Authors: Peacock Oliver J. , Gonzalez Javier T. , Roberts Simon P. , Smith Alan , Drawer Scott , Stokes Keith A.
Published: April 2022

Ketone ingestion can alter metabolism but effects on exercise performance are unclear, particularly with regard to the impact on intermittent-intensity exercise and team-sport performance. Nine professional male rugby union players each completed two trials in a double-blind, randomized, crossover design. Participants ingested either 90 ± 9 g carbohydrate (CHO; 9% solution) or an energy matched solution containing 20 ± 2 g CHO (3% solution) and 590 mg/kg body mass β-hydroxybutyrate monoester (CHO + BHB-ME) before and during a simulated rugby union-specific match-play protocol, including repeated high-intensity, sprint and power-based performance tests. Mean time to complete the sustained high-intensity performance tests was reduced by 0.33 ± 0.41 s (2.1%) with CHO + BHB-ME (15.53 ± 0.52 s) compared with CHO (15.86 ± 0.80 s) placebo (p = .04). Mean time to complete the sprint and power-based performance tests were not different between trials. CHO + BHB-ME resulted in blood BHB concentrations that remained >2 mmol/L during exercise (p < .001). Serum lactate and glycerol concentrations were lower after CHO + BHB-ME than CHO (p < .05). Coingestion of a BHB-ME with CHO can alter fuel metabolism (attenuate circulating lactate and glycerol concentrations) and may improve high-intensity running performance during a simulated rugby match-play protocol, without improving shorter duration sprint and power-based efforts.
A novel β-catenin/BCL9 complex inhibitor blocks oncogenic Wnt signaling and disrupts cholesterol homeostasis in colorectal cancer
Authors: Tanton Helen , Sewastianik Tomasz , Seo Hyuk-Soo , Remillard David , Pierre Roodolph St. , Bala Pratyusha , Aitymbayev Daulet , Dennis Peter , Adler Keith , Geffken Ezekiel , Yeoh Zoe , Vangos Nicholas , Garbicz Filip , Scott David , Sethi Nilay , Bradner James , Dhe-Paganon Sirano , Carrasco Ruben D.
Published: April 2022

Dysregulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling is implicated in the pathogenesis of many human cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC), making it an attractive clinical target. With the aim of inhibiting oncogenic Wnt activity, we developed a high-throughput screening AlphaScreen assay to identify selective small-molecule inhibitors of the interaction between β-catenin and its coactivator BCL9. We identified a compound that consistently bound to β-catenin and specifically inhibited in vivo native β-catenin/BCL9 complex formation in CRC cell lines. This compound inhibited Wnt activity, down-regulated expression of the Wnt/β-catenin signature in gene expression studies, disrupted cholesterol homeostasis, and significantly reduced the proliferation of CRC cell lines and tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model of CRC. This study has therefore identified a specific small-molecule inhibitor of oncogenic Wnt signaling, which may have value as a probe for functional studies and has important implications for the development of novel therapies in patients with CRC.
Phase Equilibriums of Ammonium Chloride Systems as Model Hydrogenolysis Products of Organochlorine Compounds under Naphtha Hydrotreating Conditions
Authors: Korenev V. V. , Tomin V. P. , Zhdaneev O. V. , Kapustin V. M.
Published: April 2022

The study focuses on corrosion challenges for naphtha hydrotreating equipment (installed upstream of a reforming unit) caused by ammonium chloride deposits and on the development of adequate chemical engineering protection measures. Using an experimental setup, we investigated the sublimation/desublimation of ammonium chloride at varying pressures and temperatures in a medium typical of naphtha and hydrogen-bearing gas streams flowing from a naphtha hydrotreater. Superstoichiometric concentrations of hydrogen chloride were found to significantly decrease the desublimation temperature (by 30–50°C) compared to a system that has a stoichiometric HCl concentration. Consequently, solid-phase ammonium chloride exists in a wider range of temperatures and pressures. Introducing surfactants (especially higher alcohols) into the system reduces adhesion and affects the crystalline structure of salt deposits—despite the solid phase being stabilized by an excess (superstoichiometric) concentration of hydrogen chloride—which makes surfactants suitable for mitigating the salt deposition challenge. Based on the data obtained, we proposed effective chemical engineering protection methods that use water-soluble corrosion inhibitors in combination with an online automated system for organochlorine control.
Recrudescence of severe polyneuropathy after receiving Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine in a patient with a history of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Authors: Gill Rahul , Rizvi Macym , Sadiq Muhammad S , Feldman Mark
Published: April 2022

A middle age man with a history of diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension, migraine and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) with polyneuropathy in remission presented with paresthesia and motor weakness soon after receiving the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 messanger RNA (mRNA) vaccine. The patient had polyneuropathy 10 years ago secondary to EGPA, which had resolved. EGPA was diagnosed on the basis of typical symptoms and positive sural nerve biopsy. Five days after receiving the first dose of COVID-19 vaccine, he developed heaviness and reduced dexterity of both the upper extremities, which progressed to patchy and asymmetric motor weakness of all four extremities. Given the lack of clear alternative explanation after a thorough work up, recrudescence of underlying asymptomatic polyneuropathy due to a possible reaction to COVID-19 mRNA vaccine was considered although a temporal association with vaccine dose does not prove causality. He was treated with corticosteroids with slow improvement of his symptoms.
Geographical distribution of the health crisis of war in the Tigray region of Ethiopia
Authors: Gebregziabher Mulugeta , Amdeselassie Fasika , Esayas Reiye , Abebe Zerihun , Silvia Hannah , Teklehaimanot Abeba A , Korte Jeffrey E , Pearce John L , Cochran James J
Published: April 2022

War destroys health facilities and displaces health workers. It has a devastating impact on population health, especially in vulnerable populations. We assess the geographical distribution of the impact of war on healthcare delivery by comparing the pre-November 2020 and the November to June 2021 status of health facilities in the Tigray region of Ethiopia. Data were collected from February 2021 to June 2021, during an active civil war and an imposed communication blackout in Tigray. Primary data were collected and verified by multiple sources. Data include information on health facility type, geocoding and health facility status (fully functional (FF), partially functional (PF), not functional, no communication). Only 3.6% of all health facilities (n=1007), 13.5% of all hospitals and health centres (n=266), and none of the health posts (n=741), are functional. Destruction varies by geographic location; only 3.3% in Western, 3.3% in South Eastern, 6.5% in North Western, 8% in Central, 14.6% in Southern, 16% in Eastern and 78.6% in Mekelle are FF. Only 9.7% of health centres, 43.8% of general hospitals and 21.7% of primary hospitals are FF. None of the health facilities are operating at prewar level even when classified as FF or PF due to lack of power and water or essential devices looted or destroyed, while they still continue operating. The war in Tigray has clearly had a direct and devastating impact on healthcare delivery. Restoration of the destroyed health facilities needs to be a priority agenda of the international community.
Long-term outcomes of transsclerally sutured intraocular lens correctly fixed in the ciliary sulcus
Authors: Sugiura Takeshi , Sakimoto Tohru , Tanaka Yoshikazu , Inoue Yasushi , Oshika Tetsuro
Published: April 2022

Objective

To report the long-term postoperative outcomes of transsclerally sutured intraocular lenses (IOLs), in which the haptics were correctly fixated into the ciliary sulcus using an auxiliary device and endoscope.

Methods and analysis

Data were collected from eyes that were followed up for at least 12 months after ciliary sulcus suture fixation of an IOL using an auxiliary device for securely placing the IOL haptics to the ciliary sulcus, which was confirmed using intraoperative endoscopy in all cases. The corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), refractive error, anterior chamber depth (ACD), IOL decentration and tilt, corneal endothelial cell density (CECD) and postoperative complications were recorded. ACD and IOL deviations were compared with those of normal controls after standard cataract surgery.

Results

A total of 146 eyes of 142 patients were included, with a mean follow-up period of 56.0±35.3 (range 12–174) months. Postoperative CDVA from 1 month to 8 years and final CDVA were significantly better, and the mean refraction error, ACD and CECD decline rate were −0.71±0.75 dioptre, 4.01±0.37 mm and −7.4%±16.0%, respectively. Compared with normal controls, ACD was not significantly different but the tilt and decentration were significantly different. The main postoperative complications included vitreous haemorrhage (24.0％), suture thread exposure (19.2%) and corectopia (18.5%). There were no cases of IOL dislocation due to suture breakage or postoperative endophthalmitis

Conclusion

Long-term postoperative outcomes were favorable with good CDVA and without IOL dislocation and endophthalmitis. The significance and value of fixing haptics to the ciliary sulcus should be re-evaluated.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FIRM SIZE AND FIRM GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM KOREAN MANUFACTURING FIRMS
Authors: KANG TAEWON , EUM WONSUB
Published: April 2022

This study uses a representative sample of Korean manufacturing firms for the period 2010–2018 to examine the relationship between firm size and growth in various aspects. The main findings are as follows. First, smaller firms have a higher average growth rate and wider growth dispersion (growth variance) across the firms. Second, the growth rates of micro and small firms show negative growth persistence resulting in a volatile growth pattern. In contrast, medium and large firms have a high probability that the growth rates persist over time, indicating a stable growth pattern. Third, the first and second findings are robustly observed regardless of the disaggregated sectors in the manufacturing industry, which are divided based on their technological-intensity levels. The findings imply that (a) it is necessary to analyze and understand differences in growth patterns by firm size and (b) firm growth requires policies tailored to the size of firms.
Classification of Acute Pathology for Vocal Cord Using Advanced Multi-Resolution Algorithm
Authors: Sophia N Antony , Jiji G. Wiselin
Published: April 2022

Vocal fold, a significant body structure, is accountable for phonation, which regulates air motion within and out of the lungs. The disorders in the vocal fold influence the quality of life. Thus, diagnosis of vocal fold disorders has a significant need, and CT of the neck is employed for an effective imaging scheme. Accordingly, this paper proposes an advanced multi-resolution algorithm (MRA) that optimally identifies and classifies pathologies. The vocal regions are acquired using the genetic k-means algorithm. The pathology features are generated using the local directional pattern (LDP) fed to pathology classification using moth search-rider optimization-based deep convolutional neural networks (MRA-based DCNN). The hybrid optimization (MRA), integrates the standard rider optimization algorithm (ROA) and moth search algorithm (MS) that trains deep learning classifier (DCNN). The analysis using the real databases regarding the performance metrics divulge that the proposed pathology detection module obtained the accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of 97.020%, 91.698%, and 96.624%.
Identifying Temporal Corpus for Enhanced User Comments Analysis
Authors: Jeong Jongwook , Lee Youn Kyu
Published: April 2022

User comments provide valuable information for requirements analysis. To effectively extract requirements from user comments, it is important to determine informative user comments. However, existing studies have mainly focused on NLP-based methods for analyzing user comments, rather than defining a set of user comments to be analyzed. If target user comments are not clearly determined, duplicate requirements can be discovered or new requirements cannot be discovered. To tackle this problem, we present a new method which defines a set of target corpora from user comments. Our method automatically defines a set of target corpora to be analyzed by identifying underlying temporal changes in user comments. We applied our method to real-world user comments collected from a mobile application store. We confirmed that our method successfully defined a set of corpora which aids the effective requirements elicitation, and facilitated discovering new requirements while avoiding the derivation of redundant requirements.
Projective dimension and Castelnuovo–Mumford regularity of t-spread ideals
Authors: Amata Luca , Crupi Marilena , Ficarra Antonino
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we study some algebraic invariants of t-spread ideals, [Formula: see text], such as the projective dimension and the Castelnuovo–Mumford regularity, by means of well-known graded resolutions. We state upper bounds for these invariants and, furthermore, we identify a special class of t-spread ideals for which such bounds are optimal.
Constraining the axion mass from the nonobservation of 0νββ decay
Authors: Penacchioni A. V. , Civitarese O.
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we study the interaction of neutrinos with nonrelativistic axions. Axions are low-mass neutral bosons whose existence has been proposed long ago by Peccei and Quinn to explain the spontaneous breaking of the CP symmetry in the early Universe. We treat them as pseudoscalar particles, which could be one of the constituents of cold DM. The interactions between axions and neutrinos might be a possible mechanism to explain for nonzero neutrino masses. Here on, we present an analysis which combines the limits for the neutrino masses extracted from the nonobservation of the neutrinoless double beta ([Formula: see text]) decay with the ones corresponding to the coupling between axions and neutrinos. We begin by defining the neutrino–axion interactions, then we extract the values of both the axion and neutrino masses by taking from the literature representative values of the strength of the couplings and of the matrix elements of the operators participating in the currents.
A Note on Oct1+-Minor-Free Graphs and Oct2+-Minor-Free Graphs
Authors: Jia Wenyan , Kou Shuai , Yang Weihua , Qin Chengfu
Published: April 2022

Let [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be the planar and non-planar graphs, respectively, obtained from the Octahedron by 3-splitting a vertex. For [Formula: see text], we prove that if a 4-connected graph is [Formula: see text]-minor-free, then it is [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] or it is obtained from [Formula: see text] by repeatedly 4-splitting vertices. We also show that a planar graph is [Formula: see text]-minor-free if and only if it is constructed by repeatedly taking 0-, 1-, 2-sums starting from [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the set of graphs obtained by repeatedly taking the special 3-sums of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is the graph obtained from two 5-cycles [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] by adding the five edges [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text]. For [Formula: see text], we prove that if a 4-connected graph is [Formula: see text]-minor-free, then it is planar, [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text], the line graph of [Formula: see text] or it is obtained from [Formula: see text] by repeatedly 4-splitting vertices.
Wind-Induced Response and Equivalent Static Wind Loads on Waiting Hall Building of Regular Railway Stations
Authors: Chen Bo , Zhao Heng , Wang Xiaohong , Wang Zekang
Published: April 2022

This paper investigates the influence of the canopy span, canopy opening width and waiting hall building height on the loads and equivalent static wind loads (ESWL) of the waiting hall building. The results show both the mean and standard deviation wind pressure coefficients at the roof of waiting hall buildings are affected by the interference effects caused by the upstream canopies. The wind-induced response of the waiting hall building roof is usually dominated by the first vibration mode, 0∘, 90∘and 180∘are the three adverse wind directions. Based on the wind tunnel tests, parameters of the fitted spectrum of the first modal generalized wind pressure for waiting hall buildings are obtained at the adverse wind directions. The semi-analytical expressions of equivalent static wind loads (ESWL) on waiting hall building roofs are derived using the first modal inertial force as a function of the structural reduced frequency. The good accuracy of the proposed ESWL is verified by comparing the nodal displacements and member stresses calculated by the proposed method to the actual dynamic peak results.
Jaya-Based Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network for Structural Damage Identification with Consideration of Measurement Uncertainties
Authors: Ding Zhenghao , Hou Rongrong , Xia Yong
Published: April 2022

Structural damage identification based on the long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network (NN) is proposed in this study. To address the hyperparameters selection problem for the LSTM, the Jaya algorithm is applied to minimize the difference between the observed and predicted data in the validation datasets and determine the LSTM network’s optimal hyperparameters, including the number of nodes, learning rate, and maximum iteration number. Frequency-domain data, such as natural frequencies and mode shapes, are used as input of the network, and then damage locations and extents are utilized as output. Measurement uncertainties are introduced during NN training to improve the robustness of the model. Numerical and experimental studies showed that the proposed method can identify structural damage accurately when measurement noise is considered, even for damage scenarios beyond the training datasets.