bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EBÛ ALÎ EL-CÜBBÂÎ’NİN BAZI FIRKALARA YÖNELİK ELEŞTİRİLERİNDE ESAS ALDIĞI ÂYETLERİN TAHLİLİ -KİTÂBÜ’L-MAKÂLÂT ÖZELİNDE-
Authors: ALTUNTAŞ Mehmet
Published: December 2020

Ebû Ali el-Cübbâî, Kitâbu’l-Makâlât adlı eserinde eleştiriye tabi tuttuğu fırkalar hakkında âyetlere atıf yaparak oldukça sert ifadeler kullanmıştır. Zira başta Haşviyye, Mürcie, Hâricî, Nâsıbîler ve İmâmiyye fırkalarını “şaşkın”, “sarhoş”, “mülhid”, “zındık” gibi keli-melerle eleştirmiştir. Bununla yetinmeyerek bazı bölümlerde âyetlere atıf yaparak bu mezhep mensuplarını küfürle itham etmiştir. Tespit edebildiğimiz kadarıyla Cübbâî ese-rinde bazen kendi düşüncelerini temellendirmek bazen de muhataplarını eleştirmek için iki yüz altmış beş yerde âyetlere atıf yapmıştır. Özellikle Kur’ân âyetlerini yanlış yorumlayıp tahrif ettikleri, Kur’ân yerine uydurma hadisleri kullandıkları ve isrâilî rivâyetlere müracaat ettikleri için Haşviyye’yi pek çok yerde küfürle itham etmiştir. Ancak Ebû Ali el-Cübbâî, mensubu bulunduğu Mu‘tezîle’ye eserinde herhangi bir eleştiride bulunmamıştır. Aksine Hz. Osman’ın katli konusunda olduğu gibi onlarla aynı görüşü paylaşarak Hz. Osman’ın öldürülmesinin meşru olduğunu söylemiş ancak buna karşın Hz. Ali’nin masum olduğunu ve şehit edildiğini belirtmiştir. Makalemizde onun küfürle itham ettiği mezhepler hakkın-daki görüşlerini naklettikten sonra onlar için referansta bulunduğu âyetlerin bağlamlarını, muhataplarını, müfessirlerin bu âyetler hakkındaki açıklamalarını naklettik. Ancak bunu yaparken konu bütünlüğünün bozulmaması için zaman zaman müfessirlerin açıklamala-rını dipnotlarda gösterdik. Cübbâî, itikâdî fırkaları eleştirirken atıfta bulunduğu ayetlerin bir kısmında Kur’an’ın bütünlüğüne uygun isabetli eleştirilerde bulunmuştur. Ancak onun bazı âyetleri de bağlı bulunduğu mezhebin etkisinde kalarak tarafgir bir şekilde yorumla-dığı görülmüştür.
Blood donation type and hepatitis B and C seroepidemiology at Hôpital Sominé DOLO de Mopti
Authors: Modibo Coulibaly  , Bakary Maiga  , Moussa Diawara  , Dramane Samaké  , Valentin Sagara  , Bréhima Traoré  , Oumar Guindo  , Mounirou Baby  , Amagana DOLO
Published: December 2020

Background: The increasing prevalence of hepatitis viral markers in developing countries results in a concern in the setting of blood transfusion safety. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of hepatitis viral markers among blood donors and their link with sociodemographic factors. Methods: We performed a retrospective study on blood donors screened for HBV and HCV. HBV and HCV serologies were performed by immunochromatographic methods using Alere DetermineTM HBs-Ag and SD BIOLOLINETM HCV-Ab. Data were analyzed by R 3.4.3. The logistic regression was fitted in univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: A total of 11.372 donors were enrolled. The overall prevalence was 10.4%. The specific prevalence of HBV and HCV were 8.9% and 1.5% respectively. The co-infection rate was 0.3%. HBV seropositivity proportion was significantly higher in family donors compared to volunteer (9,8% vs 6,0%, or = 1.71 [1.30-2.29] p < 0,001). HBV seropositivity was positively influenced by male sex aOR = 1,77 [1,4-2,26], p < 0.001 and unemployed aOR = 1.20 [1.03-1.40], p = 0.02 in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Our data suggest that voluntary donors and particularly female which had an occupation had a lower prevalence of hepatitis viral markers.
Generalized onset seizures during COVID-19 infection: Does it mean the diagnosis Epilepsy
Authors: Ekaterina Ivanova Viteva
Published: December 2020

We present a case report of a 58-year old man who came to our Department of Neurology for a consultation 2 months after being diagnosed with COVID-19 infection. The patient had been febrile for a week and had had 2 generalized onset seizures with clonic jerks of the upper extremities in 2 consecutive days. Then he had been admitted at a department of infection diseases. COVID-19 PCR had been positive. EEG and CT scan of the brain had been absolutely normal. The patient had been treated with azithromycin for the COVID-19 infection and following a negative PCR test, he had gone home. During the hospital stay the patient had been diagnosed with Epilepsy and valproate treatment had been started. The patient did not accept the diagnosis and did not take the anticonvulsant regularly, moreover he was a truck driver and wanted to go back to work shortly. The control EEG showed no abnormalities and he had no more seizures. Therefore we did not accept the diagnosis Epilepsy and did not recommend a regular intake of antiepileptic medications. In conclusion we would like to emphasize on the need of an individual approach to every patient. Provoked seizures which are symptoms of an infection do not necessarily mean a diagnosis Epilepsy and do not require chronic treatment, especially when they are not present after the acute stage and EEG is normal.
Development and validation of stability indicating method for determination of sodium citrate in pediatric cough syrup
Authors: Abdrhman Mahmoud Gamil  , Mohamed Awad al-lkareem Hamad
Published: December 2020

Sodium Citrate is widely used in analytical and food processes. It is used in various medical applications as anticoagulant in blood transfusion process and bladder washout. It is used in cough preparation as mucolytic. There are many methods for determination of Sodium Citrate in different preparations. Some of which use spectrophotometric methods, others used HPLC methods. The USP method uses titration and determining the end point potentionometrically. Many arguments take place between the Drug Regulatory Affairs and manufacturers regarding the appearance of the colour at the end point. The objective of this study is to develop and validate a simple, easy and precise HPLC stability indicating method for routine work and to be submitted to the Drug Regulatory Affairs. Chromatographic system with detector PDA at 210nm is utilized, Reprosil-XR C18, 250 mm×4 mm, 5 µm column is used. Column temperature 300C and flow rate of 1 ml/min. A clear peak of acceptable purity at 3.38 min retention time appears. The method is subjected to thermal stress, acid and base hydrolysis at extreme pH and forced oxidation. The result is that there is no interference of degradation products with the substance peak. The method is then subjected to validation study according to the ICH guidelines. The method comply the specificity, precision, linearity, accuracy and robustness acceptable criteria. Thus, the method satisfies the stability indicating method and validation requirements that it can be submitted to the Drug Regulatory Affairs and used in QC routine activities and stability studies.
Awareness of HIV status and partner disclosure among antenatal clinic attendants: experience from a regional hospital in Ghana
Authors: Boniface Mensah  , Betty Roberta Norman  , John Jude Kweku Annan  , Anthony Enimil  , Martin Agyei
Published: December 2020

Introduction: A pregnant woman’s knowledge of her human immune deficiency virus (HIV) serostatus and that of her sexual partner and the disclosure of her serostatus to the partner puts her in a better position to make informed choices about her pregnancy, adopt strategies to prevent mother to child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV and reduce sexual transmission of HIV. Some pregnant women however opt out of antenatal HIV testing while others have challenges with partner disclosure. This study sought to assess the pregnant women’s knowledge of their HIV serostatus and that of their partners, and disclosure to partners about their serostatus. Methods: An ethically approved cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the antenatal clinic (ANC) of the Kumasi South Hospital, Ghana from the period 8th March to 5th April, 2016. A structured questionnaire was administered to 407 ANC attendants who were randomly selected to participate in the study. Data entry was in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using R Core Team (2014). Results: The study showed that 80.1% (n = 326/407) of the participants knew their HIV serostatus. Of these, 18.1% (n = 59/326) knew prior to the current pregnancy and 81.9% (n = 267/326) were told during the current pregnancy. Among those who knew their HIV serostatus, the majority [83.1%; (n = 271/326)] had disclosed to their partners. Most of the participants [70.76%; (n = 288/407)] had no knowledge of their partners’ status. Conclusion: Every pregnant woman should know their HIV status, disclose it to their sexual partners and know the status of their sexual partners as this will PMTCT, reduce HIV transmission and acquisition among sero- discordant couples.
The significance and role of various soft skills in professional life
Authors: Vinay Kumar Pandey  , Sarika Shukla
Published: December 2020

Soft skills are the new demand of HRs in all the corporate and educational organizations. As it includes the behavioral, interpersonal, communication, leadership, problem solving, managerial and other characteristics traits of personality. These are the skills which represents an organized and well-mannered reflection of human. Previously soft skills were found understood but now as population is increasing, it is decreasing the employability skills and so the job opportunities. People are busy in collecting degrees and experience certificates of various jobs and they have underestimated behavioral and social skills. Such skills have now become the most expected skills in each and every interview as well as in professional working. This paper will help professionals to understand the importance and significance of learning these soft skills.
Mothers' knowledge about the vaccines their children receive: A study in a Basic Health Unit in the city of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
Authors: Luiz Antonio Del Ciampo  , Ivan Savioli Ferraz  , Ieda Regina Lopes Del Ciampo
Published: December 2020

Introduction: vaccines are an important instrument for good health conditions aimed at controlling infectious diseases and reducing childhood morbidity and mortality. Among the various mechanisms to support the practice of vaccination, the knowledge of mothers and caregivers is essential. This article aims to verify the knowledge of mothers about the vaccines that their children receive. Material and Methods: cross-sectional, observational and descriptive study with mothers of children under five years of age, attended at the childcare and general pediatrics outpatient clinic of a Basic Health Unit (UBS) located in the city of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, in the period from 01/07/2019 to 12/20/2019. A questionnaire consisting of questions related to social aspects (age, education level, number of children) and vaccines (for which vaccines are used, whether or not you have a vaccine portfolio and illnesses / symptoms of preventable illnesses) was used. Results: 278 mothers participated, with an average age of 30.5 years. The majority (89.9%) said that vaccines are used to protect children against infectious diseases and 5.0% think that vaccines fight disease. 230 mothers (82.7%) considered vaccines safe, while 46 (16.5%) thought the child was at risk. Regarding the knowledge of diseases that can be prevented by vaccines, 264 (94.9%) responded affirmatively and cited more frequently measles (56%), polio (48.4%), hepatitis (47.7%) and meningitis (40.1%). Conclusions: most of the study participants reported knowing the purpose of vaccines, their safety in clinical practice and the main diseases that can be prevented. This knowledge is essential for children to receive all the vaccines provided for in the immunization programs, contributing to a wide vaccination coverage.
A poeticidade da imagem no filme ‘Esplendor’: a linguagem cinematográfica como potência da audiodescrição
Authors: Machado Isabel Pitta Ribeiro
Published: December 2020

Este artigo foi inspirado no filme Esplendor, (Hicari; 2017), da diretora Naomi Kawase, devido à abordagem poética presente na linguagem de sua obra. À luz de autores da filosofia e do cinema, o artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre o conceito da audiodescrição no cinema e sua capacidade de desenvolver novos repertórios de imagem a partir de uma audiodescrição que contemple a linguagem cinematográfica. Assistir a um filme é usufruir da imagem que, ligada a outros elementos de linguagem de câmera, sonoros, dramáticos, cenográficos, espaciais e temporais, gera em cada espectador uma profusão dos sentidos. Estes elementos conjugados são a forma de representação simbólica da arte do cinema e, ao serem descritos em palavras, produzem novas relações simbólicas, fundamentais para a fruição da arte cinematográfica. Esta escrita não versa sobre o conceito e as formas de audiodescrição que a personagem do filme Esplendor, a audiodescritora Misako, utiliza em seu trabalho, tampouco sobre a audiodescrição do filme feita no Brasil, mas sim sobre uma audiodescrição que leve em consideração a poeticidade das imagens no momento de suas descrições.
Analisis Yuridis Tanggung Jawab Sosial dan Lingkungan Perusahaan Terhadap Masyarakat Sekitar
Authors: Hidayat Ridha , Yahya Azhari , Ernis Yul
Published: December 2020

Tanggung jawab sosial dan lingkungan perusahaan diatur dalam beberapa peraturan perundang-undangan namun pengaturan tersebut belum ada keseragaman antara satu undang-undang dengan undang-undang lainnya. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalis pengaturan tentang tanggung jawab sosial dan lingkungan perusahaan berdasarkan peraturan perundangan-undangan di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan untuk penulisan ini adalah metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penelitian kepustakaan dengan menganalisis bahan-bahan hukum primer dan sekunder yang relevan dengan permasalahan penelitian. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan tentang tanggung jawab sosial dan lingkungan perusahaan terdapat dalam beberapa peraturan Perundang-undangan antara lain Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2007 dan Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2007. Akan tetapi pengaturan tersebut masih belum seragam sehingga menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum bagi pelaku usaha. Dampak lainnya yang timbul dari ketidakseragaman ini adalah tidak efektifnya pelaksanaan tanggung jawab sosial dan lingkungan oleh perusahaan. Selanjutnya ketidakseragam pengaturan tersebut juga dapat membuka celah bagi perusahaan untuk menafsirkan tanggung jawab sosial dan lingkungan perusahaan secara tidak tepat dan kurang efektif. Oleh karena itu disarankan agar pemerintah segera menutup celah kekurangan regulasi tersebut dengan membuat aturan baru yang lebih konsisten dan lengkap untuk terciptanya kepastian hukum bagi perusahaan dan bermanfaat bagi masyarakat setempat.
Georg Simmel and the Idea of Moral Law
Authors: Troitskiy Konstantin E.
Published: December 2020

In the article, I analyze Georg Simmel’s essay on individual law and summarize his criticism of the concept of a universal moral law, which was developed by Immanuel Kant. Simmel identifies two ways of conceptualizing the concept of a moral law: as universal, referring to the regulation of the actions of all rational beings, and as individual, including a specific acting person in his integrity and connection with the world, which is, at the same time, absolute only for him. Kant became the personification of the first method for Simmel; Simmel put forward the second method as an alternative to the first. The central characteristic of law for Simmel is its integrity and individuality, not rationality and universality. If Kant understands the moral law through a distraction from personal characteristics and inclinations in favor of impersonal norms that operate for all rational beings, then, for Simmel, the moral law manifests itself as an integral and individual human act, in which the flow of life manifests itself in the whole. Simmel insists that the idea of Kant’s universal law overlooks the very es-sence of moral obligation, which can only be individual, since only in an individual form life manifests itself – a single source of both the real and the proper. The article ends with a criticism of Simmel’s example of an individual law, which, as I show, not only contradicts a number of Simmel’s statements made earlier, but also demonstrates the undeveloped nature of his concept as a whole, namely: Simmel’s insensitivity to the distinction between integrity and totality as well as disregard for the figure of the Other.
N.A. Berdyaev and M. Scheler: Philosophical and Anthropological Approaches to the Problem of Theodicy
Authors: Martemianov Kirill A.
Published: December 2020

The article considers the approaches to theodicy’s problem of Russian and German philosophers with clear religious orientation: Nikolai Alexandrovich Berdyaev and Max Scheler. However, for more explicit insight into our topic we found, the article provides the general overview of theodicy tradition (Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, Leibniz). Standpoints of these thinkers living in different epochs are linked by the steady belief in a reasonability of the world created by God. The main obstacle to acceptance of this argumentation is the problem of evil’s existence. The way of thinking that has the goal to demonstrate the world’s perfectness presumes either necessity of evil as a mean (for good’s revealing) or the evil’s insignificance or even its illusiveness, which is the result of “too human” perspective. Such ways of thought have become impossible since the second half of 19th century, when the concrete person’s experience (not a separated from it thought) had been recognized as a main source of philosophy. In Russian culture, this attitude became widespread after F.M. Dostoevsky, in German culture – after F. Nietzsche. Berdyaev and Scheler inherit the impulse of their thought. Distinctive feature of religious philosophies of Berdyaev and Scheler (compared to early Christian and Western philosophical and theological traditions) is conceptualization of the assertion of God’s need in human being, for God is in the process of becoming, is in the inner move toward full self-realization. And human being, who is capable to adopt or to reject the God’s “call,” is the crucial stage of God’s formation. For this tradition of theodicy, exactly human creative act and the direction of this act have the main role in world history.
»Egal was er auch ist, Hauptsache einer von uns«
Authors: Tepeli Dilek A.
Published: December 2020

Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit den konflikthaften Begegnungen und Beziehungen zwischen Alevit_innen und Sunnit_innen, die wir als ein historisches kollektives Verletzungsverhältnis auffassen können. Dabei reichen die psychosozialen Spuren dieser Figuration bis in die Gegenwart der deutschen Einwanderungsgesellschaft und dokumentieren sich in den Identitätskonstruktionen junger alevitischer Frauen. Als Resultat der erlittenen und historisch tradierten Verletzungen durch die sunnitische Orthodoxie und aus Angst vor Anpassungszwang und Unterdrückung in einer imaginierten sunnitisch-alevitischen Intergruppenehe verschließen insbesondere alevitische Frauen bis heute über Endogamie ihre Gruppengrenze zu den als unmoralisch markierten Sunniten. Anhand einer Gruppendiskussion mit zwei jungen alevitischen Frauen, die mit der relationalen Hermeneutik ausgewertet wurde, wird diese bis in die Gegenwart anhaltende, historisch begründete Grenzziehung durch Zuschreibung mangelnder Moral gegenüber Sunnit_innen rekonstruiert. Der Beitrag bietet damit eine erweiterte, kulturpsychologische Perspektive auf die psychosoziale Funktion von Moral und moralischer Kommunikation in Intergruppenbeziehungen.
»DA wurd ich Auch ganz blöde angeguckt«
Authors: Hitzler Sarah
Published: December 2020

Selbsthilfegruppen sind Orte, an welchen Personen mit Ausgrenzungserfahrungen einander gezielt suchen. Das erlebte individuelle Abweichen von gesellschaftlich gesetzten Normalitätserwartungen wird dabei oftmals in Begriffen von Moralität verhandelt. Moralisierende Narrative werden eingesetzt, um das Erleben des eigenen Abweichens zu beschreiben, um den Umgang anderer Personen mit diesem Abweichen zu erörtern, aber auch um über das Abweichen anderer Personen zu sprechen. An transkribierten Tonaufnahmen einer Gruppensitzung einer Selbsthilfegruppe für Personen mit starkem Übergewicht wird anhand konversationsanalytischer Methoden gezeigt, dass die hierfür herangezogenen Wertesysteme nicht homogen und stabil erscheinen. Gesellschaftliche Normen in Bezug auf Körperformen und lokale Normen von Gesichtswahrung und Empathie eröffnen ein Spannungsfeld von Erwartungshaltungen, das die Gesprächsbeteiligten in paradoxe Positionen versetzt. Vor diesem Spannungsfeld stellt sich die moralische Integration der Gruppe und Aufrechterhaltung der dortigen Solidarität als stetige und komplexe Arbeitsleistung dar. Eine Strategie hierfür ist spezifische Vagheit in Erzählungen, die affektive Affiliation befördert und inhaltliche Kritik vermeidet.
Синтез и анальгетическая активность 4,10-бис((±)-5-бензоил-2,3-дигидро-1H-пирроло[1,2-a]пиррол-1-карбонил)-2,6,8,12-тетраацетил-2,4,6,8,10,12-гексаазатетра- цикло[5,5,0,03,11,05,9]додекана
Authors: Кулагина Дарья Александровна , Сысолятин Сергей Викторович , Калашников Александр Иванович , Малыхин Валерий Викторович , Сонина Екатерина Георгиевна , Шевченко Алина Валерьевна , Крылова Светлана Геннадьевна , Лопатина Ксения Александровна , Зуева Елена Петровна , Разина Татьяна Георгиевна , Рыбалкина Ольга Юрьевна , Амосова Евдокия Наумовна
Published: December 2020

Описан подробный способ получения перспективного анальгетического средства 4,10-бис((±)-5-бензоил-2,3-дигидро-1H-пирроло[1,2-а]пиррол-1-карбонил)-2,6,8,12-тетраацетил-2,4,6,8,10,12-гексаазатетрацикло[5,5,0,03,11,05,9]додекана. Рассмотрены разные условия получения целевого вещества и приведены его полные физико-химические характеристики. Выраженная анальгетическая активность инновационного соединения была выявлена в условиях термического ноцицептивного теста «Горячая пластина» и острой висцеральной и соматически глубокой боли «Уксусные корчи».
Определение лекарственного вещества сибутрамина физико-химическими методами в составе многокомпонентных биологически активных добавок к пище
Authors: Суханова Анна Михайловна , Пономарёва Наталья Игоревна , Перова Ирина Борисовна , Жиляев Дмитрий Игоревич , Гегечкори Владимир Ираклиевич , Эллер Константин Исаакович , Родионова Галина Михайловна
Published: December 2020

Рассмотрена проблема незаконного добавления лекарственного вещества сибутрамина в биологически активные добавки к пище и их распространения на территории РФ. Цель работы — разработка методик предварительного и подтверждающего определения сибутрамина в БАД к пище. Метод ТСХ используется для проведения скрининга с последующим подтверждением инструментальными методами, такими как ВЭЖХ-МС, ГХ-МС, что позволит контролировать ввоз и оборот незаконно добавленного препарата сибутрамина в БАД к пище. Метанол и компоненты БАД к пище не влияют на обнаружение сибутрамина, что доказывает специфичность методики. С помощью предложенных методик сибутрамин выявлен в 4 образцах БАД к пище из 8.
К вопросу щелевания почвы
Authors: Бородычев Виктор Владимирович , Воронов Сергей Иванович , Константинова Татьяна Геннадьевна , Новиков Андрей Евгеньевич , Филимонов Максим Игоревич
Published: December 2020

Гидротермическая обстановка Нижневолжского региона является экстремальной для выращивания продукции растениеводства, поэтому орошение остается фактором, лимитирующим стабильное получение урожаев сельскохозяйственных культур в этих критических по температуре и увлажнению климата условиях. Однако орошение, обеспечивая растения необходимой влагой, провоцирует переуплотнение почвы, нарушение ее агрофизических свойств, в результате которых оросительная вода не впитывается в корнеобитаемый горизонт, а скатывается в понижения рельефа поля, возникают ирригационно-эрозионные процессы. Щелевание почвы в этом случае является важнейшим звеном системы подготовки почвы, улучшающим аэрацию и соответственно активность почвенных микроорганизмов. Отечественный и зарубежный опыт использования щелевателей показывает их недостаточно высокий эксплуатационный ресурс ввиду интенсивного абразивного износа режущих элементов, что актуализирует проблему создания рабочих органов щелерезов. Разработанная конструкция рабочего органа за счет особенности расположения режущих элементов обеспечивает щадящее резание корней многолетних растений и создание устойчивых к разрушению щелей.
Analysis of 28 antiretroviral drug dispensing units in the state of Ceará
Authors: PAULA-DE-FRANÇA Francisco A. , BRITO-PASSOS Ana C. , PEREIRA Maíra B. , SILVA Régis B. , FRANÇA FONTELES Marta M.
Published: December 2020

Objective: To characterize the physical structure of antiretroviral Drug Dispensing Units (DDU) as well as the conditions of service offered to People Living with HIV/SIDA (PLHS). Methods: This is a descriptive, quantitative and exploratory study. Data collection occurred from a semi-structured form composed of 46 questions that was sent to the e-mails of the responsible for Antiretroviral (ARV) dispensing services, containing questions related to human resources and infrastructure characteristics of the units. Results: A total of 28 DDU participated in the study. It was observed that 71.4% (n=20) of these were implanted in replace assistance by care for patients  with Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (SIDA) associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection. Regarding the dispensing area of supplies and medicines, this was higher than 14m² in 80% and higher than 5m² in 90% of the sample studied. All units used the logistical drug control system for dispensing control; however, not all professionals in the units were able to operationalize it. Additionally, it was found that in 28.6% (n=8) of the DDU the waiting room/corridor was not adapted for people with disabilities, besides not having priority service as provided by law. It is also emphasized that, in 35.7% (n=10) of the services, the counter where the ARV were dispensed did not facilitate direct contact with the PLHA. In addition, about 29.0% (n=8) of the services had individual service counters with table and chairs available to users and in 60.7% (n=17) there were only counter/counter for service. Also, grids were found in the service desk, separating the attendant from the user in 71.4% (n=20) of the services. The room for individualized service and pharmaceutical clinical care was present in only 32.2% (n=9) of the services. Conclusion: It is suggested that there are adjustments in the physical structure of the units, as well as the need is urgent for individualized and private service, according to the specificities of each service, in order to strengthen the direct relationship between pharmacists and patients and, in particular, ensure humanized assistance.
THE APPLICATION OF THE OBJECT MODEL IN THE DESIGN OF DEVICES TO IMPROVE THE TRACTION QUALITY OF LOCOMOTIVES
Authors: Antipin Dmitriy , Vorobev Vladimir , Lukashova E.
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the possibility of using the object model for constructive solutions of devices to increase the tractive qualities of locomotives. The proposed approach has been tested on the example of creating a device to improve the traction qualities of a locomotive by applying a magnetic field to the wheel-rail contact zone. The use of the proposed device will reduce losses associated with eddy currents induced by a magnetic field in the wheels and rail, as well as reduce the probability
WHEEL ROLLING ON GROUND WITH LEAVING
Authors: Balabina Tat'yana , Karelina Mariya , Mamaev Aleksey
Published: December 2020

Wheeled vehicles belong to the most common type of transport and technological machines and are used in almost all sectors of the national economy: in urban and intrafactory transport, in construction, in the army, in agriculture, etc. Due to the fact that wheeled vehicles must correspond to the solution of the tasks that this or that industry poses for them, their structure and types are very diverse. Among them are wheeled vehicles designed to operate not only on roads with asphalt-concrete pavement, but also on deformable soil surfaces. These include, in particular, machines used in road construction, in municipal services - wheeled tractors, wheeled earth-moving machines, general transport vehicles used for the transportation of various types of bulk cargo, and specialized, designed to perform narrow target functions. The performance indicators of wheeled vehicles are largely determined by the interaction of their wheels with the supporting surface, which has led to the implementation of a large number of studies in this area. The rolling of a wheel on a rigid surface has been studied in sufficient detail and is presented in a large number of works. At the same time, issues related to wheel rolling on deformable soil have not been sufficiently worked out, there are many uncertainties and inaccuracies. This applies, in particular, to the case of wheel rolling on the ground with a pull, when the plane of rotation of the wheel is deflected by a certain angle from the vector of the wheel axis velocity, which leads to the appearance of an additional lateral force acting on the tire sidewall and the corresponding moment of resistance to turning. When a wheel with a pneumatic high-pressure tire rolls, the wheel rolls on the ground, almost without changing its cylindrical shape, i.e. practically without deformation. This greatly simplifies the calculations associated with the analysis of the operation of wheeled vehicles. In this article, when considering the rolling of a wheel with withdrawal on deformable soil, the dependences were used to determine the longitudinal and transverse tangential stresses in contact, obtained for the case of wheel rolling on a solid foundation; determined the lateral force acting on the tire sidewall, and the corresponding moment of resistance to turning.
CALCULATED SIMULATION OF THE DYNAMICS OF A RAILWAY WHEEL WHEN ROLLING THROUGH A BUTT CLEARANCE
Authors: Neklyudova Galina , Evtuh Elena
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the description of the creation of a computer model of the movement of a railway freight car along the section of the track adjacent to the rail joint. The model takes into account the elastic characteristics and ballast subsidence in the joint zone. The results of computer simulation are further used to solve the contact problem in the wheel-rail system. The study varied a number of parameters affecting this process of wheel movement. For the operating speeds of the freight car, the range of values ​​of the dynamic forces arising between the wheel and the rail during the passage of the joint is determined.
SELECTION OF THE DRIVE OF THE PULSE GENERATOR FOR WAVE DEFORMATION HARDENING
Authors: Kirichek Andrey , Solovyev Dmitriy
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of known structures of impact devices used in industry in order to obtain recommendations for their adaptation or when creating new structures for wave strain hardening by surface plastic deformation. The analysis was carried out on the used drive and on the main parameters of impact devices: impact energy, impact frequency, relative metal consumption and efficiency. The options are the best combinations of parameters for electric, pneumatic and hydraulic drives. Recommendations are given on the use of such devices, with appropriate adaptation, as pulse generators for wave strain hardening.
Clube de Ciências na Escola: Um guia para professores, gestores e pesquisadores
Authors: Freitas Thais Campos de Oliveira , Santos Carlos Alberto Moreira dos
Published: December 2020

This book is based on a research that was carried out over two years in the Graduate Program of Educational Sciences Projects of the “Escola de Engenharia de Lorena” of the University of São Paulo; the product of the master thesis entitled “Implementation of a Science Club in the Public Network for Education of São José dos Campos: Stages, Actors and the Scientific literacy”. Nowadays, the role of Science is being devalued, poorly understood and even questioned by several political figures and societal members, many people fail to differentiate facts from fake news. In 2018, the PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) demonstrated that, in Brazil, 55% of students are below level 2 in Science, a level established as necessary to young people to be able exercising their citizenship. In order to offer a contribution to improve the currently scenario, this book offers an implementation guide for those whom are interested in setting up a Science Club. Another fact to consider is that this guide aims to develop an investigative approach focus on Scientific literacy using inquisitive activities that lead to an easy way for the basic students (elementary to middle school) to transpose their acquaintance and scientific learning to their lifestyle as responsible and knowledgeable citizens. The following thesis shows strategies to elaborate, monitor, and evaluate the project of implementation, authorization templates, and forms such it can be adapted to the context of each school. We hope that this book is going to be an important resource for you as a school manager, teacher or researcher who wants to implement a Science Club in a school. Also, in a long term, the actions reported in this context can be a reference for the elaboration of a public policy to support Scientific Education in Basic School.
When Does Inequality Grow? A Seasonal Analysis of Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Learning From Kindergarten Through Eighth Grade
Authors: Kuhfeld Megan , Condron Dennis J. , Downey Douglas B.
Published: December 2020

What role does schooling play in the development of racial/ethnic inequalities in academic skills? Seasonal learning studies, which allow researchers to compare the growth of achievement gaps when school is in versus out of session, provide important evidence regarding whether schools reduce, reproduce, or exacerbate educational inequalities. Most studies that have compared the growth of achievement gaps when school is in versus out of session have been restricted to the early grades. In this study, we examine seasonal patterns of racial/ethnic achievement gaps using test scores from over 2.5 million kindergarten to eighth-grade students. Following three different cohorts of students from 2015 to 2018, we find that Black-White achievement gaps widen during school periods and shrink during summers, whereas Asian students generally pull ahead of White students at a faster rate during summers. At the same time, we find that disparities observed among older students are largely in place among kindergartners. Our results imply that although schooling does have disparate impacts on the learning trajectories of students, schools play less of a role in widening racial/ethnic achievement gaps than children’s prekindergarten environments.
What Explains the Race Gap in Teacher Performance Ratings? Evidence From Chicago Public Schools
Authors: Steinberg Matthew P. , Sartain Lauren
Published: December 2020

Racial gaps in teacher performance ratings have emerged nationwide across newly implemented educator evaluation systems. Using Chicago Public Schools data, we quantify the magnitude of the race gap in teachers’ classroom observation scores, examine its determinants, and describe the potential implications for teacher diversity. Between-school differences explain most of the race gap and within-school classroom-level differences—poverty, incoming achievement, and prior-year misconduct of a teacher’s students—explain the remainder of the race gap. Teachers’ value-added scores explain none of the race gap. Leveraging within-teacher variation in the teacher–evaluator race match, we find that racial mismatch does not influence observation scores. Adjusting observation scores for classroom and school context will generate more equitable ratings of teacher performance and mitigate potential adverse consequences for teacher diversity.
Analisis Proses Pembelajaran IPS Melalui Media Whatsapp Di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Fatmawati Silfa , Amalia Arsyi Rizqia , Nurasiah Iis
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to describe and obtain information about the social studies learning process through WhatsApp media in grade 5 elementary schools. The research method uses descriptive qualitative because the aim is to analyze a problem that occurs. Qualitative research does not have the character of testing or rejecting a hypothesis, but tends to find new problems. In this study, it involved class 5 D homeroom teachers and 39 students of class 5 D at SDN Dewi Sartika CBM. The data collection technique uses primary data in the form of interviews and secondary data in the form of questionnaires and documentation in the form of photos and screenshot of social studies learning process carried out through WhatsApp media. The data analysis technique uses the stages of data reduction (data reduction), data presentation (data display) and drawing conclusions (conclusing drawing / verification). The result of this research is that learning conducted through WhatsApp is quite effective.
Pengaruh Strategi KWL (Know, Want, Learned) Terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman Peserta Didik Di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Inggriyani Feby , Aptiani Meli Sofi
Published: December 2020

This study aims to examine the effect of the KWL (Know, Want, Learned) strategy on the reading comprehension ability of fifth grade students of Muslimin Panyawungan 1 and 2. The techniques of research data collection are in the form of tests, observations and interviews. To test the hypothesis that there is an influence or not researchers use a simple linear regression formula. The results showed that the ability to read students 'understanding in the experimental class using the KWL (Know, Want, Learned) strategy was higher than the ability to read students' comprehension in the control class with conventional learning (expository strategy) so that there were differences. This is evidenced from the results of hypothesis testing obtained sig (2-tailed) value of 0.00 <0.05, which means that there are significant differences. Based on the results of the regression test also proves that the KWL (Know, Want, Learned) strategy influences the reading ability of elementary school students' understanding with the results of sig. 0.003 <0.05 so it can be concluded that the use of the KWL (Know, Want, Learned) strategy influences the students' reading comprehension ability in elementary school.
The Use Of Content Based Instruction In English Language Teaching
Authors: Nurjannah Sitti , Erniati Erniati , N Jusmaniar
Published: December 2020

Content-Based Instruction is an approach used in English language teaching. This research aims to investigate the use of CBI in improving the students’ achievement in English Language Teaching at SMK Negeri 2 Makassar. This research used quantitative method which is designed in Quasi Experimental. There were two classes taken as a sample they are control group and experimental group. Both of the group were administered pre-test before implementing CBI in the learning process. after the impelementation of CBI, the posttest was administered to know the students’ achievement in English Language Teaching. From the result of data analysis, it was found that the use of CBI in English Language Teaching is effective in improving the students’ achievement. It is proved by the improvement of the students’ score from the pre-test to the post-test.
Sağ ve Sol Bakış Açısıyla Siyasal Söylemin ve İdeolojinin Gazete Karikatürlerine Yansıması: 2017 Başkanlık Sistemi Referandumu
Authors: NİSAN Fatma , BORAL ASLAN Nergiz
Published: December 2020

Türkiye’de cumhuriyetin ilanıyla beraber Parlamenter Sisteme geçilmiş ve günümüze kadar da ülke bu sistemle yönetilmiştir. Ancak 2017’de Cumhurbaşkanı Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’ın meclise sunduğu Başkanlık Sistemi teklifi, Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi’nin (MHP) desteğiyle kabul edilmiş ve referandum yapılmasına karar verilmiştir. Bu karar sonucunda 16 Nisan 2017 tarihinde sandığa gidilmiş ve sandıktan “evet” sonucu çıkmıştır. Basın ve siyaset ilişkisi sürekli eleştirilen bir konu olmakla beraber, böyle bir ilişkinin varlığı da yadsınamamaktadır. Basın ve siyaset arasındaki ilişkiyi başta haber olmak üzere, köşe yazıları ve karikatürler gibi basının her materyalinde görmek mümkündür. Bu çalışmada, 2017 Başkanlık Sistemi referandumunun karikatürlere nasıl yansıdığı, söylem ve ideoloji ilişkisi bağlamında incelenmiştir. Diğer taraftan çizerlerin tabi oldukları gazetelerin ideolojilerini yansıtıp yansıtmadıkları da belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda iki aylık süreç içerisinde yayınlanan karikatürler incelenmiş ve referandumla alakalı olduğu tespit edilenler analiz için seçilmiştir. Bu çalışmada sağ görüşü temsilen Yeni Şafak ve Yeni Çağ, sol görüşü temsilen ise Cumhuriyet ve Evrensel gazetelerinin karikatür arşivleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, nitel araştırma yöntemleri olan söylem analizi ve göstergebilimsel analiz bir arada kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın bulguları, karikatürlerin yayınlandıkları gazetelerin yayın çizgilerine göre çizildiklerini ve çizgilerde ona yönelik bir söylem oluşturulduğunu ortaya koymuştur.
Dijital Diaspora ve Kültürel Kimlik: Türkiye’de Yaşayan Çerkes Gençlerle Derinlemesine Bir Görüşme
Authors: ASLAN Alev
Published: December 2020

Kimlik, kültür ve diaspora çalışmaları, son dönemde, yeni medyanın bu alanlar üzerinde yarattığı etkiye odaklanmaktadır. Yeni medya, özellikle diaspora topluluklar açısından ulusötesi iletişim kurma araçları, sanal iletişim olanaklarına erişme, sosyal ve coğrafi hareketlilikte kolaylık sağlama, fiziksel anlamda uzakta olunan anavatan ve diaspora üyeleri ile bağlantı kurma gibi çok sayıda kaynak erişimini sağlar. Bunların yanı sıra sanal ortamda kültür ve kimlik deneyimlemeyi/üretmeyi mümkün kılar. Yeni medya aracılığıyla diasporanın dijital bir boyut kazandığı söylenebilir.
Ayrı dili, tarihi ve toplumsal hafızası olan özgün kültürel bir topluluk olarak Çerkesler, halen anavatanları olan Adige, Karaçay-Çerkes, Kabardey-Balkar ’ın yanı sıra Türkiye, Avrupa, Kuzey Amerika ve Oratadoğu’da yaşayan diasporik bir topluluktur. Çerkesler’in kültürel kimliklerini pratik etme süreçleri, duygusal bir topluluk olarak varlık kazanma biçimleri, kültür ve kimlik alanında verdikleri mücadele, kamusal görünürlük elde etme çabaları çeşitli yayınlara konu olmuştur. Bu çalışma ise fiziksel dünyanın sınırlarını aşan kurgusal bir alan olarak yeni medyanın Çerkeslerin kültür ve kimlik üretiminde/deneyimlemesinde ve kamusal görünürlük kazanma mücadelesinde nasıl bir rol oynadığını ortaya koymaya odaklanır. Diasporik topluluklar, yeni medya aracılığı ile sanal bir cemaat oluştururken, bir araya gelerek bir ortaklık üretmekte, menşe kültür ile bağlantı kurmakta, bu ortam aracılığıyla kimliklerine dair bilgi ve deneyime erişmektedirler. Bu çalışma, yeni medyanın kimlik, vatan, hafıza ve kültür deneyimleme, müzakere etme, yeniden üretme ve dolaşıma sokmayı olanaklı kıldığını savunur. Genel anlamda iletişim ve kültür alanına katkı sağlamayı hedefleyen bu çalışma, kitle iletişim araçları, yeni medya, hatırlama, kimlik gibi konuların bağlantısından hareket eder.
Çalışmada nitel veri toplama yöntemlerinden olan derinlemesine görüşme tekniği ve analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında İstanbul Kafkas Kültür Derneği (İKKD) ve İzmir Çerkes Kültür Derneği’nde Çerkes dansları eğitimi almakta olan toplam otuz gençle yapılandırılmış sorular çerçevesinde görüşülmüştür.
Araştırma sonucunda Çerkes gençlerin, yeni medya aracılığı ile sanal bir cemaatin üyeleri oldukları, bu ortamda kimliklerine dair bilgi ve deneyime eriştikleri, bu ortamda kendilerini temsil ettikleri ve varlıklarına, kültürlerine, tarihlerine dair bilgileri diğerleri ile paylaşmak yoluyla kimlik ve kültür mücadelesi verdikleri, kamusal görünürlük kazandıkları neticesine ulaşılmıştır. Yapılan görüşmeler, sanal toplulukların ulusötesi bir topluluk oluşturmada “sınır” kavramını zorladığı ve somut mekânın sanal alanda kurgulanmasına olanak sağladığı ve fiziksel topluluk ve sanal topluluk arasındaki sembiyotik ilişkinin kültürel kimliğin güçlenmesiyle sonuçlandığı kanısına ulaşılmıştır.
LANGKAH-LANGKAH DALAM PROSES PERUMUSAN RENCANA KEPERAWATAN
Authors: Sianipar Yudistira
Published: December 2020

Proses keperawatan merupakan kerangka sistematis yang dilakukan dalam pemberian asuhan keperawatan untuk memenuhi reaksi dan respon individu. Proses keperawatan itu sendiri meliputi tahapan pengkajian, diagnosa keperawatan, perencanaan/intervensi, implementasi, dan evaluasi. Perencanaan merupakan tahap yang ketiga dari proses keperawatan, dalam tahap perencanaan ini berfokus kepada prioritas masalah, merumuskan tujuan dan kriteria hasil, dan intervensi. Proses keperawatan ini merupkan pegangan atau pedoman bagi perawat dalam memacahkan masalah mengenai pasien serta dapat memberikan kepuasan pelayanan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan pasien. Langkah-langkah perencanaan dalam proses keperawatan yaitu, menentukan prioritas masalah, menuliskan tujuan dan kriteria hasil, dan memilih rencana tindakan atau intervensi keperawatan. Keperawatan sebagai profesi merupakan salah satu pekerjaan dimana dalam menentukan tindakan didasari pada ilmu pengetahuan serta memiliki kertampilan yang jelas dalam keahliannya, selain itu sebagai profesi keperawatan mempunyai otonomi dalam kewenangan dan tanggung jawab dalam tindakan serta adanya kode etik dalam bekerjanya kemudian juga berorientasi pada pelayanan dengan melalui pemberian asuhan keperawatan kepada individu, kelompok atau masyarakat (Hidayat, 2011). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui langkah-langkah perencanaan dalam proses keperawatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif dimana penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan pengumpulan data yang ada pada buku textbook maupun jurnal untuk mendapatkan data dan informasi untuk saling melengkapi.
Therapeutic Potential of Selective Medicinal Plants and Their Phytoconstituents Focusing the Prevention and Cure of COVID-19
Authors: Jubayer Fahad , Kayshar Shahidullah , Arifin Shoaib , Das Pabitra Chandra , Mazumder Anisur Rahman , RAHMAN MASUDUR
Published: December 2020

The spread of pandemic coronavirus disease-2019 has become a health emergency worldwide. Since the unprecedented outbreak, attention has been raised worldwide to develop and research for control options and treatments. Although several clinical trials are ongoing, no registered drugs or vaccines are available yet. As situation warrants for the exploration of a successful antiviral, there should be a search for the remedies in nature also. Medicinal plants and their metabolites have long been used as a treatment option for various life-threatening diseases with minimal or no side effects. Thus this review aims to summarize previous outcomes concerning the role of medicinal plants in treating several life-threatening diseases. Above all, this work intends to find the constituents of five selected medicinal plants and their possible working mechanisms in the management of COVID-19. Constituents of the presented medicinal plants possess excellent pharmacological properties, including significant antiviral and antimicrobial potential. Based on the traditional uses, pharmacological properties, and previous studies, these medicinal plants mentioned in this review can be considered as a possible therapeutic option for the management and treatment of COVID-19. However, further extensive researches and trials are suggested to discover specific effects and dosage for this pathogenic outbreak.
Sertifikat
Authors: Gulo Arif Yupiter
Published: December 2020

Sertifikat berguna untuk kebutuhgan e jafung