bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Efficient multi-class SVM and Bayesian network based biomedical document ranking and classification framework using Gene-disease and ICD drug discovery databases
Authors: Reddy V. Shiva Narayana , Midhunchakkaravarthy Divya
Published: April 2022

Biomedical document feature extraction and ranking play an essential role in the real-time document key phrase extraction and ranking. International classification of disease (ICD-10) is a list of medical related terms such as disease symptoms, abnormal discovery and disease signs. In most of the conventional methods, finding, extraction and ranking of biomedical disease patterns with the gene terms help to rank the phrase or document. However, the contextual disease patterns of these methods areindependent of gene entities, disease entities and drug discovery codes for document ranking and summarization.Conventional word embedding models such as gain ratio, entropy,Glove, chi-square and probabilistic measures are used to find the essential key terms and its relationships using static gene disease databases.The main objective of the proposed work is to optimize the word embedding model along with the key-phrase ranking and classification. Most of the biomedical applications use pre-trained gene-disease database with limited number of gene names for keyphrase ranking and classification process. In this work, an integrated gene-disease database and ICD drug database codes are used to train the model using the optimized SVM classification model and Bayesian estimation model.
Spiritual health from the perspective of Islamic mysticism
Authors: Elahi Mohammad , Behesht Ismail , Razavi Seyed Hassan , Athar Seyed Ali Akbar Mousavi , Hosseini Seyed Mahdi
Published: April 2022

The subject of spiritual health, which is discussed in this article, is one of the most important topics in various fields of religion, philosophy, psychology and one of the most important and central moral teachings and the most effective element of construction and human need. Spiritual health in humanistic thinking does not exceed the passion of life and human relationship with others and living happily and has nothing to do with the supernatural, but in theology, especially Islamic mysticism, spirituality arises from the divine nature in which life, man is a special perfection. It is considered to manifest itself only in the light of faith in God and righteous deeds in the areas of insight, inclination and behavior. The contents of this article are organized in an analytical and descriptive method and the author has tried to introduce the subject of spiritual health in a number of texts of prose and prose of mystical literature. Mystical literature is reflected and individuals can achieve their original life and enjoy its achievements by relying and practicing spiritual health strategies in the realm of mystical literature in the current crises and world.
La movilidad humana y su influencia en la dinámica delictiva, análisis comunidad venezolana y colombiana en Ecuador
Authors:   Universidad de las Américas, Morales Castillo Geovanny Paúl
Published: April 2022

The intense migratory flow to Ecuador, driven by social problems associated with insecurity due to the guerrillas in southern Colombia and, more recently, by the Venezuelan economic breakdown, due to political tensions and failed government economic measures, has put Ecuadorian society in contact with human groups fully identified with another culture. Problems arise when Ecuadorian citizens associate foreign social groups, particularly Colombians and Venezuelans, with crime and insecurity. The present study is to determine if there is a relationship between the migratory waves of the last decade and the increase in crime in areas of influence of migration. The methodology used was documentary analysis. It was concluded that a high number of Venezuelan citizens in transit commit crimes of opportunity, driven by necessity. Likewise, Colombian citizens commit crimes more related to organized crime, but nevertheless, crime in this population segment is minimal, hence there is not enough evidence to indicate that the increase in crime is a direct consequence of migration of citizens Venezuelan and Colombian.
Asegurando los derechos sobre las tierras comunitarias: Prioridades y oportunidades para progresar hacia los objetivos climáticos y de desarrollo sostenible
Authors:   Rights and Resources Initiative
Published: April 2022

Contar con unos derechos sobre la tierra y los recursos que sean seguros y estén reconocidos legalmente es fundamental para el avance de la paz, la prosperidad y la sostenibilidad mundial. Desde el desarrollo de las culturas humanas hasta la materialización de la democracia, la seguridad de la tenencia constituye la base de la sociedad humana y de nuestra relación con el entorno natural. En la actualidad, la inseguridad de los derechos de tenencia amenaza el bienestar y los medios de subsistencia de un tercio de la población mundial y, con ello, el futuro de nuestro planeta. Como guardianes históricos de las tierras y los bosques del planeta, los pueblos indígenas, las comunidades locales y las mujeres del medio rural juegan un papel fundamental en la gestión y el uso sostenible de sistemas de recursos naturales de importancia mundial. En efecto, al proteger sus derechos se protege el derecho de todas las personas a vivir en un mundo más justo, próspero y verde. Por desgracia, hasta la fecha los Gobiernos han sido lentos a la hora de reconocer y asegurar los derechos colectivos sobre la tierra y los recursos de las comunidades rurales. Como resultado, a pesar de que los pueblos indígenas y las comunidades locales son los propietarios y administradores consuetudinarios de más del 50 % de las tierras del planeta, legalmente solo poseen un 10 %. A fin de eliminar la pobreza, impedir la proliferación de conflictos sociales y políticos y garantizar el avance hacia unos objetivos globales en materia de clima, conservación y desarrollo, se requiere una actuación urgente que corrija esta injusticia de primer orden. Por suerte, el mundo nunca ha estado en mejores condiciones de cerrar esta brecha.
Agricultural policy and commodity price stabilisation in Ghana: The role of buffer stockholding operations
Authors:   Consultancy and Innovation Directorate, Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration, Accra, Ghana, Abokyi Emmanuel , Asiedu Kofi ,   KAAF University College, Accra, Ghana & Nobel International Business School, Accra, Ghana
Published: April 2022

This paper investigates the extent of price volatility of maize and rice in Ghana following the introduction of public buffer stockholding operations (PBSO) as a policy to stabilise farm output prices in the last decade. We analysed price volatility using the generalised autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH(1,1)) modelling technique. This econometric technique was applied to market-level time-series data from selected major markets in Ghana from 2006 to 2015. The results indicate that price volatility for maize and rice has declined in the long run and, in the short run, shows relatively slow volatility transmission. The findings show that the buffer stockholding operations policy in the selected markets has stabilised the prices of the two commodities, especially in the long run. The results suggest that buffer stockholding operation policy remains a viable alternative for curbing high price volatility if structured well to fit the country context. We also conclude that climate change resilience measures are needed to be integrated into the agriculture and food systems of the country if we want to address the persistent price volatility of maize and rice in Ghana sustainably
As contradições das políticas educacionais e as suas interferências na gestão escolar
Authors: Honório Deane Taiara Soares , Da Silva Erivaldo Ferreira , De Melo Fernanda Karina Souto Maior , Alves Mayara Ferreira , Da Silva Givanildo
Published: April 2022

A política educacional é um campo recheado de intenções e de proposições para alcançar os objetivos políticos, sociais, econômicos, culturais e educacionais. O objetivo do presente texto é dialogar sobre as contradições da política educacional com ênfase na gestão escolar, tendo, como referência os paradigmas democrático e gerencial. A metodologia esteve pautada em uma abordagem qualitativa, por meio de uma perspectiva crítico-reflexiva. Os principais resultados apontaram que o modelo de gestão educacional e escolar que favorece a concretização dos ideais atuais da educação é o gerencial, oriundo de uma concepção neoliberal de educação, rompendo com os princípios elencados nas décadas de 1970 e 1980, por meio de uma gestão democrática e participativa.
Human Capital Investment and People Productivity In Indonesia
Authors:   STIE Jaya Negara Tamansiswa Malang, Lestari Widarni Eny
Published: April 2022

This research took 20 years, from 2000 to 2020 by modeling the time series “auto regressive distributed lag” (ARDL) to estimate long-term and short-term relationships. This study measures the level of work participation, health investment, education investment, and economic growth in Indonesia with a multivariate regression model.Finding of this research is human capital development can be established and encouraged through improving education and health and increasing employment opportunities so as to increase community work participation. Participation in work, education, and health can significantly encourage economic growth
Carbon Dioxide and Agricultural Economics in the Sphere of Sustainable Economic Development
Authors:   STIE Jaya Negara Tamansiswa Malang, Harnani Sri
Published: April 2022

This study uses annual time series data with a time period of 1985 to 2020. The data consists of various sources. The data is secondary data collected from the Global Footprint Network, Penn World, and World Bank. This research utilized the following two time-series models for the period from 1985 to 2020 for the following variables. The dependent variable in this study is the ecological footprint and CO2 as an indicator of environmental damage. The independent variables in this study are the human capital index (HC), economic growth (EG), infrastructure (Gx), and natural resource depletion (NR) as indicators of economic activity and environmental changes as a result of economic activity. We found that Indonesia is a country with a large enough open green space, especially on islands outside Java, so it is very important to preserve Indonesia's nature as a supplier of world oxygen. On the other hand, infrastructure development is quite massive in 2019-2021 in Indonesia to encourage economic growth. Therefore, this study examines how Natural Resources Depletion (NR), human capital (HC), Economic Growth (EG), and Infrastructure Investment (GX) affect environmental degradation from the perspective of two important indicators, namely, Ecological footprint (EF) and CO2 from 1985 to 2020. The results of the analysis using the ARDL approach show that in the long term human capital and natural resources have a negative relationship with CO2, while Economic Growth and infrastructure development have a positive relationship with CO2. Based on the ARDL results, it can be concluded that the role of human capital is very important in preserving nature and infrastructure development needs to be carried out while preserving nature or trying to minimize environmental damage
Financial Development, Human Capital, Economic Growth in Indonesia
Authors:   Department of Development Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Jember, Indonesia, Viphindrartin Sebastiana
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate Financial Development, Human Capital, and Economic Growth in Indonesia. This study uses secondary data from the World Bank with a sample of 90 developing countries in an annual time period from 2000 to 2020 with the generalized method of moment (GMM). ) models. For the human capital development sector, we use two namely secondary school enrollment (SSE) and primary school pupil-teacher ratio (PPTR). We found that more schools are built and more teachers are working in the education sector, which is indicated by a decrease in the teacher-student ratio, which has an impact on increasing economic growth.
Ethnobotanical study of plants used for the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus in the Mountainous Regions of Nepal
Authors: Joshi Kunjani
Published: April 2022

An ethnobotanical study of plants used by the traditional healers, herbalists and local people for the treatment of diabetes mellitus was conducted in the villages of the mountainous regions, Nepal. The present study has documented 25 plant species belonging to 17 families, which have been used for the treatment of this disease. The use of infusion from plant leaves was the commonest method of herbal preparation. At present, these traditional knowledge and practices are in risk due to land use change and over-exploitation of the species. Hence some species are under serious threat indicating urgent conservation need of the useful plants with their habitats.
Editorial: Special Issue on Language and Educational Administration
Authors: Jermsittiparsert Kittisak , PHUONG NGUYEN HOANG , VU Hieu Minh
Published: April 2022

In the current scenario, high-quality research on learning and teaching in the domains of language and educational administration play a prominent role in the increasing opportunities for intercultural engagement, communicative and learning practices.  The scope of this issue provides a strategic forum for all educators and educational policy-makers concerned with creative, inquisitive and many transferable skills.Papers published in this issue are original, refereed, multi-disciplinary research into policy-making, administration, and cultures in education. The papers should focus on the advanced knowledge, theory, or methodology at the intersections of literature and education, educational psychology, policy and administration. Research published in this special issue engages with the complexities and changing realities of educational contexts and practices, focusing on all levels of formal education, as well as a wide variety of learning contexts in communication skills and inquisitiveness.
Communication Skills for Enhanced Teaching Skills
Authors: Pandey Manish Kumar , Sumaiya Bushra , Arora Aashima , Mehrotra Rashmi
Published: April 2022

Communication is a skill that requires a continuous and methodical process of listening, speaking, and comprehending. Even though most people are born with the ability to talk, the authors must learn to do it clearly and effectively. By observing other people and modelling our conduct on what the author sees and sense, the author may improve our speaking, listening, and understanding of verbal and nonverbal clues. Through schooling, authors are also trained in a few communication skills. By putting those talents into practice and evaluating them. Because English communication is a skill that can only be developed via consistent practise and experience in the objective language, all available possessions should be fully utilised to create an encouraging environment for learning and practising the language. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the role of English in enhancing effective communication abilities. Modern English communication aids in the development of a good mindset. English communications that would enable us to address the day's future issues in a novel method.
Importance of Soft Skills and Its Improving Factors
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Singh Prabhu Nath , Ansari Shagufta N , Pandey Sanjay
Published: April 2022

Soft talents are those that have to do with how someone operates. Interpersonal skills, listening skills, communication skills, time management, and empathy are examples of soft skills.  Any talent that may be defined as a personality characteristic or habit is considered soft. Students should acquire soft skills both for the benefit of their education and for the sake of their professional employment since they are directly related to greater academic accomplishment. This study focused on the benefits of soft skills and why these skills are important for students as well as for the employee. This study also discussed the difference between soft skills and hard skills, the significance of the soft skills, steps to improve soft skills, and the various types of soft skills. Soft skills are very important for students, both in terms of their education and in terms of their future professions. Students who acknowledge the importance of soft skills early on are better able to master their studies, finish their student obligations with ease, make more connections with people who may be important in the future, as well as present themselves more effectively to professors who may play a key role in their career prospects.
Lack of Spoken Communication in Children and Its Psychological Effects on English Language Learners
Authors: Samson Sharon , Karthiga S.V.
Published: April 2022

As a means of effective communication, one of the most important qualities to master and improve is speech. One of the most crucial parts of language learning is the ability to communicate effectively. Many language learners find it challenging to explain themselves in spoken language. In any learning circumstance or environment, human psychology plays a significant influence. The ability to communicate in English is heavily influenced by human psychology. The goal of this study was to find the psychological element that has a detrimental impact on English-speaking learners' production. They usually have difficulties in conveying their thoughts in a foreign language effectively. When we are unable to find the right words or phrases to express ourselves, we tend to quit speaking.  A solid command of spoken English is required in the modern world of mass media and communication. The purpose of this paper is to emphasise the importance of focusing on elements that influence English-speaking learners' capacity to communicate. A review paper presents the body of research relating to the word expression, the value of expression, the features of speech production, speaking difficulties and factors influencing speech production. According to the literature review, adequate speech instruction has been described as a concern for learners and an area in which more research is required. Educators and researchers may benefit from this study by better understanding the challenges they face while teaching and learning English.
An Overview of Hybrid, Digital and Virtual Library
Authors: Singh Baldev , Gangwar Sumit , Sharma Meenakshi , Devi Manita
Published: April 2022

A digital library is a combination of textual, numeric, scanned photos, graphics, audio, and video recordings that allows consumers to easily retrieve information from a digital collection. Recent advancements in computer store and processor, communication technologies, e-products, networking, and internet use have resulted in a radical shift in the way libraries and their services operate. Current study discusses a functioning collection of textbooks, documents, newspapers, and audiovisual resources stored and arranged in a library for anyone to read or borrow. Information and Communications Technology (ICT)has had a significant influence on libraries, and it has altered the traditional library idea in which print and paper materials are the primary components of the system. Libraries are transforming into digital libraries in order to fulfill the massive information explosion and rising demand for information. Due to the digitization of library materials and the rapid advancement of technology, a new sort of library has emerged: the virtual library. Most of us are often perplexed by library jargon. In this work, we attempt to clarify the language used in these libraries in a professional manner. Such libraries will increase the efficiency of education in the coming eras.
Study on Problem Solving Skills and Its Importance
Authors: Choudhar Shweta , Bi Naheed , Singh Prabhu Nath , Talwar Ms. Poonam
Published: April 2022

You may utilize problem-solving skills to figure out what's causing an issue and come up with a workable solution. Although problem-solving is typically considered a separate skill, it is complimented by a variety of other abilities. It is impossible to exaggerate the significance of problem-solving abilities in business or in school. Every industry, every employment function, and the educational sector all have issues. Understanding what the underlying causes of the problem are, rather than the symptoms, is a big part of problem resolution. Candidates who have great problem-solving skills may think both analytically and creatively. They have faith in their capacity to make decisions and overcome challenges on the work. The key themes discussed in this review study are as follows: the significance of problem-solving abilities, problem-solving procedures, including numerous strategies to improve problem-solving capabilities. This study will aid the reader to understand the problem-solving skills and how to overcome the problems they are facing efficiently.
Role of Interpersonal Communication in Workplace
Authors: Tholia Sonali N. , Rastogi Mohit , Gupta Sh Sachin , Pandey Deepak
Published: April 2022

Communication is critical to the success of any firm. Communication, Is an indivisible, essential, and ongoing action, much like the circulatory system in the human body. As a consequence, communication effectiveness becomes an important factor in assessing a group's overall effectiveness. The survival of an organisation is dependent on a number of elements, include command unity, authority and responsibilities allocation, collaboration, and management, all of which need effective interpersonal communications. As a consequence, interpersonal communication has become a company's lifeblood. The importance of interpersonal communication for organizations is explained in this paper.The aspects of social communication include communicators, content, sound, response, background, and channel. Interpersonal communications skills are beneficial in a variety of situations, including romantic relationships, counseling, marketing, management, and conflict resolution. The capacity to communicate with others via efficient listening and conversation is known as interpersonal competence. Interpersonal skills are crucial for students since they allow them to adapt with others and boost their own growth. In general, kids develop interpersonal skills through their professors and peers at school. However, some students still lack interpersonal skills for a variety of reasons, the most common of which is their introverted personality. Sentiment, filtering, a text crammed with information, dismissiveness, cultural variations, and argot are all barriers to effective interpersonal communications that might be overcome by reducing language, regulating feelings, listening closely, and using feedback. This study will aid in the development of strategies to enhance the interpersonal skills in various organizations.
Study on Effective Communication Skills for Good Cancer Care
Authors: Sharma Madhavi , Goyal Bhupesh , Jain Vibhor , Singh Prabhu Nath
Published: April 2022

Even though communication is a key clinical skill in oncology, few physicians and cancer nurses have conventional formal training in this area. Inadequate communications may be upsetting for a patient or family since they frequently need much more information than is often delivered. Many clients leave consultations with questions regarding their diagnosis and prognosis, the value of more tests, and whether or not they are necessary for the management framework or the therapy's underlying therapeutic purpose. Furthermore, communication issues may prevent patients from enrolling in clinical trials, resulting in the delay of useful new treatments in clinics. Inadequate communication between experts or departments may lead to misunderstandings and a loss of trust among team members. Lack of communication and management skills training, according to oncologists, is a big role in their stress, work satisfaction, and emotional tiredness. As a result, many efforts aiming at strengthening cancer healthcare personnel's fundamental effective communication have been launched in recent years. Some of the problems that affect communications in an oncology context, and hence patient care, are discussed in this study. The fundamental conclusion of this research is that communication is beneficial in the treatment of any condition. In this paper, the author provides a comprehensive study on effective communication skills for good cancer care. Further research on the effectiveness of the Contraction Stress Test (CST) in improving healthcare professional communication should focus on improving patient outcomes rather than healthcare workers' views of their abilities.
Wind shear studies in the lower atmosphere Using forward scattering sodar system
Authors: SINGAL SP , AGGARWAL SK , GERA BS , PAHWA DR
Published: April 2022

For study of wind shear, a forward scattering sodar system has been set up at the National Physical Laboratory. New Delhi. It has the capability to sense both temperature and wind inhomogeneities exclusively. The observations made for the period March-July 1983 have shown that a large part of the spiky top stable layer, rising layer and elevated/multilayer structures with or without wave motion have predominant with shear component over and above the contribution due to thermal inhomegenities. Duration, height and time of occurrence and the extent of observed wind shear have been analysed and reported. Studies have also been made of the hazardours and non-hazardous nature of the wind shear with respect to weather condition prevalent in the atmosphere.
Some facts about monsoon onset dates over Kerala and Bombay
Authors: DESHPANDE VR , KRIPALANI RH , PAUL DK
Published: April 2022

In the present article an updated list for the onset dates of the southwest monsoon over Kerala and Bombay is presented. Statistical analysis has been done on these dates. Some discrepancies encountered are pointed out.
Micro-climate in different planting systems of pearlmillet under rainfed conditions
Authors: RAO GGSN , JOSHI NL
Published: April 2022

Micrometeorological observations, viz., net radiation flux densities, air temperature and vapour pressure profiles in conventional planting system of pearlmi1let crop were compared to skipped and paired row planting systems at the time of reproductive stage. The variations in the yield obtained under different planting systems have been explained through micrometeorological parameters.
Rainfall-yield relationships in rainfed sorghum in India
Authors: RAO UMB , VIJAYALAKSHMI K
Published: April 2022

The variation in rainfall and its distribution causes high fluctuations in production and productivity under rainfed agriculture. The data generated during last decade by All India co-ordinated Project for Dryland Agriculture were used for developing yield rainfall relationships.

Total rainfall and its distribution affected the yield. Based on the correlations between yield and weekly rainfall from time of seeding, the growing season was divided into different periods. Various models were tried for prediction. The study was carried out for monsoon sorghum crop for four locations, viz., Hyderabad, Jhansi,  Udaipur and Akola.

Delayed seeding reduces the yield of sorghum. The crucial periods for rainfall are 8-10,6.12,3.6, 11.13 weeks for Hyderabad, Jhansi, Udaipur and Akola respectively. At Udaipur, high rainfall during 9-11 weeks reduces the yield possibly due to pollen wash and/or lodging. With the models tried, It IS possible to predict the yield of this crop with higher degree of predictability.
Nth Dimensions Evolution, Impact, and Recommendations for Equity Practices in Orthopaedics
Authors: Mason Bonnie , Ross William A. J. , Bradford Letitia
Published: April 2022

Women and underrepresented medical students are frequently unable to see, identify, or interact with an orthopaedic surgeon who looks like them. Simultaneously, these students are repeatedly challenged about their aspirations and questioned about their ability to become an orthopaedic surgeon. Ultimately, students from marginalized groups are unable to envision any future role as an orthopaedic surgeon and are actively diverted to other medical specialties. Nth Dimensions has developed programming that provides relatable role models, consistent positive affirmation, hands-on surgical and research experiences, and exposure to a community that expects for the scholars to succeed. In addition, Nth Dimensions has developed a series of best practices, or “steps,” designed to help orthopaedic surgery training programs successfully recruit and retain diverse residents and faculty and ensure their success by providing a safe, all-inclusive learning and working environment.
Evaluation Of Anti-Biofilm Activity Of Bacterial Amylase Against Human Pathogens
Authors: Rasool Attya , Qurashi Aisha Waheed , Rafi Uzam , Moqaddes Sidra
Published: April 2022

Global healthcare crisis has a significant impact on human health and economy because of antimicrobial resistance. Emergence of antibiotic resistance due to excessive antibiotic use results in resistant microbes. Biofilm shows integral resistance to antimicrobial agents and the host defense system. Microbes that exist in the biofilms, shows 10-1000 times resistance to antibiotics as compared to the free life style. The biofilms of bacteria serve as a great issue in not only environmental and industrial line but also play an important role in healthcare setting. The biofilm producing bacteria such as Vibrio cholerae and antibiotic resistant bacteria like methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) cause deadly infections. In present study, efficacy of bacterial amylase was tested against biofilm formation of pathogenic microbes. For this, Amylase producing bacterial isolates (isolated from a variety of sources, such as waste, rhizosphere of vegetable soil, rice field, potato, and sugarcane field soils sources (ArPs, ArDs, ArSs, ArVs and ArRs) were utilized to reduce the microbial biofilm development against pathogenic isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Six bacterial isolates (SB, SW, SU, PB, PW, and PU) obtained from cancer patients of tertiary care hospitals. Amylase enzyme extracted from ArPs showed maximum growth inhibitory effect on SW pathogen, while ArRs showed minimum growth effect upon SB pathogens. However, amylase showed highest anti-biofilm activity against SW pathogen. In general, the highest biofilm inhibition was recorded at pH7 at 37°C as compared to rest of pHs and temperatures. The efficacy of bacterial amylase in biofilm inhibition of human pathogens, seem promising and having significant potential in health care systems.
Presentacion
Authors: Madariaga Monroy Aura Lissette
Published: April 2022

El Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas y Biológicas de la Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia contempla dent¡o de sus principales objetivos, la publicación de ios resultaclos de los proyectos de investigación realizados en las Unidades de Investigación acreditadas en el lnstituto, con el propósito de motivar al investigador presentando a la comunidad facultativa, los resultados de investigaciones y contribuir con la comunidad al informarle de las propiedades meclicinales de plantas nativas del país, estudladas por la Unidad de Investigación, coordinada hasta la fecha por el Lic. Armando Cáceres. En este laboratorio se han venido desan ollando varios tlabajos de tesis por estudiantes de diversascarreras de la Univesidad. Dichos trabajos han complenentado algunos proyectos que en conjunto, se han desarrollado con el apoyo de la Organización de Estaclos Americanos (OEA) y el Instituto de Investigaciones Quimicas y Biológicas, proyectos de desarrollo agroindustrial con fondos de la Dirección General de Investigación (DIGI) o de la línea FODECYT. En esta misma linea. se continúan elabotando propuestas de proyectos para la(DIGI) y diversas líneas de financiamiento del CONCYT como FODECYT y AGROCYT, yse sigue colaborando con universidades americanas y europeas, lo que ha permitido lapublicación de artículos científicos sobre plantas nativas con potencial de desarrollo.
Actividad Modeladora Del Sistema Del Complemento De Diez Plantas Medicinales Nativas De Guatemala
Authors: Castillo Claudia , Osorio Annabella , Margarita Paz Ana , Cáceres Armando
Published: April 2022

El presente estudio evaluó la actividad modeladora di t í/rc de las vías clásica y alterna del sistema de complemento de extractos etanólicos de diez plantas medicinales nativas de Guatemala aplicando técnicas de ensayos hemolí ticos. Los extractos utilizados fueron flor y raíz de Dorstenia contrajeren (contrahierba), rallo de Quercus crispifolia (encino), hojas de Comuna pyramidala (jorokté). Sinuirouba glauca (aceituno). Pldebodium pseiidoaureiun (calahuala). Lippia graveolens (orégano). Nenrolaena tóbala (tres puntas). Solatium americanum (hierba mora), hoja y raíz de Peinería alliacea (apacín) y corteza de Rhizophora mangle i mangle) las cuales demostraron en estudios anteriores actividad an ti protozoan a. Los extractos que presentaron actividad inhibitoria de la vía clásica del sistema de complemento son raíz de D. comrajerva (CI 50 = 1 2.50 pg/mL). hojas de P. pseudctatireum, (CQ = 10.50 itg/mL). hojas de S. glauca (CT 50 =5.5() pg/mL). hojas de P. alliacea (CI50 = 5 mg/mL). raíz de P. alliacea (CI50=14 ing/mL) y hojas de 5. americanum (Cl50= 8 mg/mL). Respecto a la vía alterna del complemento presentaron efecto activador las hojas de P. pseudnaureían ( CI50 =6.17 pg/mL ). hojas de P. alliacea (CI50 = 7 mg/mL). raíz de P. alliacea (CL50 - 6 mg/mL). hojas de 5. americanum (CI50= 14 mg/mL) y hojas de S, glauca (CI50 = 10.00 jUg/mL),
Caracterización Fitoquímica De Extractos De Frondas y Rizomas De Dos Especies Del Género Phlebodium Provenientes De Honduras Y Guatemala
Authors: Cruz Sully M. , De Solis Nilka , Solis Pablo N. , Gupta Mahabir P. , Cáceres Armando
Published: April 2022

El complejo calahuala son especies de la familia Polypodiaceae. (Phlebodium pseudoaureum y P.decumanum') utilizadas comúnmente para el tratamiento de afecciones gastrointestinales, respiratorias, cardíacas, renales, reumatismo, diabetes, hipertensión, tópicamente se usa en psoriasis, eczema, úlceras y como protector solar.
Se ha demostrado por pruebas farmacológicas actividad antiinflamatoria, Inmunomoduladora. fotoprotcctiva, y estimuladora de la actividad cerebral.
En el presente trabajo se comparó el perfil eromatográfico de extractos de frondas y rizomas de P. decumanum y P. pseudoaureum mediante cromatografía en capa fina (TLC) y cromatografía líquida de alia resolución (HPLC) con el objetivo de determinar diferencias fitoquímicas entre las especies y proponer algunas moléculas que pudieran usarse para estandarizar sus extractos.
De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos en HPLC se determinó que los extractos de frondas y rizomas de P decumanum y P. pseudoauruem presentan diferencias fitoquímicas significativas, demostrándose mayor cantidad de metabolites en las frondas, en las cuales se identificó ácido clorogcnico en P.decumanum y ácido caféico en P. pseudoauruem. Por TLC se evidencian como metabolitescaracterísticos, la presencia de flavonoides en las frondas y la de saponinas en los rizomas.
Gasteromycetes De Guatemala: Especies Citadas En El Período De 1948 a 2008
Authors: Morales O. , García E. , Cáceres R. , Bran M.C. , Gurriarán N. , Flores R.
Published: April 2022

Se presenta una revisión bibliográfica de las publicaciones sobre macrohongos, en las cuales se identificaron especies de gasteromycetes de Guatemala, en un lapso de 60 años (1948 a 2008). En este período, solamente se documentaron 21 especies pertenecientes a 12 géneros, con un acumulado de 0.35 especies/año. Además, se presentan nuevas localidades para las especies citadas, como producto de la revisión de especimenes herborizados. Con estos datos se realizo un análisis de la distribución, hábitat y localidades de los géneros y especies, enfatizando la importancia de continuar el estudio tanto de distribución, como de ecología de este grupo de hongos.
Jardin Botánico, Herbario USCB e Index Seminum
Authors: Cóbar Pinto Oscar
Published: April 2022

De una u otra forma, los jardines botánicos han sido un instrumento importante en el desarrollo cultural y científico a lo largo de los siglos. Desde sus comienzos se han involucrado en la evaluación y estudio de los recursos fitogenéticos. A lo largo de su historia han desempeñado un papel fundamental en la exploración de la vida vegetal de nuestro planeta, así como en la aclimatación y puesta en cultivo de especies con valor económico y en la educación de estudiantes de botánica y de ciencias afines. También han hecho llegar a un público más amplio muchos aspectos del mundo de las plantas y más recientemente han entrado de lleno en la conserv ación.
Los jardines botánicos han estado también íntimamente asociados a la medicina y tarmacia. Eran fundaciones universitarias cuyo principal objetiv o consistía en proporcionar material para las practicas de los estudiante de medicina. Este vínculo con la medicina y la farmacia fue debilitándose gradualmente y hasta hace pocos años, se ha vuelto a considerar a los jardines botánicos como centros fundamentales para el estudio y conservación de las plantas medicinales.
Las plantas en cultivo en los jardines botánicos se prestan para la investigación de una forma en la que no lo hacen las poblaciones silvestres dispersas y lejanas. Los jardines poseen unas condi-ciones únicas para llevar a cabo esta investigación, especialmente a lo que se refiere a los requerimientos de cultivo, la biología reproductiva y la propagación vegetal. La información resultante es esencial para reintroducir las plantas en la naturaleza y proporcionar material para la restauración y rehabilitación de los hábitats naturales. Asimismo se incrementará el conocimiento sobre como manejar las poblaciones de plantas raras, no sólo en cultivo sino también en la naturaleza.
Hoy en día los jardines botánicos deben ser considerados c o m o centros para la conservación, investigacién y desarrollo.
Programa De Investigación y Monitoreo de La Eco-Región Lachuá -Pimel-
Authors: Cóbar Pinto Oscar
Published: April 2022

El Programa de Investigación y Monitoreo de la Eco-región Lachuá (PIMEL) es un programa de investigación y extensión de la Escuela de Biología de la Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, con presencia física en la comunidad de Sta. Lucía Lachuá, Cobán, Alta Verapaz.
PIMEL desarrolla en la actualidad un programa de Monitoreo de biodiversidad de la Eco-región Lachuá. que responde a los compromisos de cooperación mutua entre la administración del Parque Nacional Laguna de Lachuá (PNLL), a cargo del Instituto Nacional de Bosques (INAB), la Comunidad de Sta. Lucía Lachuá y la Facultad de CC. QQ. y Farmacia de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala que posee el estatus de Consejo de Desarrollo de Segundo Nivel integrado a 33 comunidades de la región.
La investigación acumulada por la Escuela de Biología en los últimos años, en la denominada Eco-región Lachuá (Parque Nacional Laguna de Lachuá, -PNLL y su zona de influencia), en la distribución de algunas especies de fauna y flora, sugieren una vinculación del PNLL con la Sierra de Chamá y los espacios boscosos paralelos a la franja transversal del Norte, como Salinas Nueves Cerros, la Finca Chajumpec y los remanentes boscosos de los parcelarios. Esta cobertura boscosa ha sufrido en los últimos 50 años un progresivo proceso de fragmentación, que ha conllevado a que sólo se conserven algunos fragmentos del sistema original, dentro de los que destaca el PNLL.
Efecto de La Infusión de Manzanilla Como Tratamiento Antiemético en Pacientes Con Cáncer Que Están Recibiendo Quimioterapia en El INCAN
Authors: Ortiz C.I. , Alvarado M.
Published: April 2022

El presente trabajo se hizo con el objetivo de evaluar el uso de la infusión de manzanilla (Matricaria chamomilla), como alternativa de tratamiento antiemético en pacientes que consumieron la infusión comparado con un grupo control, el cual se realió en el departamento de quimioterapia del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, -INCAN-.
Para lograr el objetivo del trabajo, se les administró la infusión de manzanilla un placebo (té de tilo) a los pacientes que llegaron al departamento de quimioterapia durante un mes (189 pacientes), los cuales se dividieron en dos grupos; un grupo control y uno experimental, estos a su vez se subdividieron en dos grupos, a uno que se le dio la infusión antes del tratamiento y otro grupo que se les dio antes y después del mismo. A cada uno de los grupos se les administró la infusión media hora antes del tratamiento y media hora después según el caso. Cada infusión fue preparada con 4 gramos de manzanilla o de tilo en una taza de agua hirviendo, a ninguna infusión se les agregó edulcorante. El tipo de tratamiento de quimioterapia que recibieron los pacientes que participaron en el estudio fue heterogéneo, ya que tenían distintos tipos de medicamentos por padecer diferentes tipos de cáncer. Aproximadamente seis horas después de la aplicación del tratamiento se les preguntó cómo se habían sentido, si habían tenido náuseas y con qué frecuencia, los resultados se anotaron en la hoja de tabulación de resultados.
Los resultados que se obtuvieron muestran que la frecuencia de náusea post-quimioterapia en los pacientes que consumieron la infusión de manzanilla antes y después fue menor, en una proporción de 27% con relación a los que sólo la consumieron antes del tratamiento; y en comparación con el placebo (té de Tilo), se encontró que la frecuencia de náusea en los dos grupos fue mayor, por lo que se aceptan las hipótesis planteadas ya que se obtuvo una mejor respuesta con los pacientes que recibieron la infusión de manzanilla, por lo que se puede concluir que la infusión de manzanilla en la concentración de cuatro gramos por 250 mi de agua ayuda a disminuir las náuseas en los pacientes oncológicos que reciben el tratamiento de quimioterapia.
Efecto Del Agua de Arroz Con Zanahoria en El Tratamiento De La Diarrea Aguda en Niños De Seis a Sesenta Meses de Edad
Authors: Monzón R.N. , Gonzáles M.A. , Guerra W.
Published: April 2022

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto del agua de arroz con zanahoria en comparación con el agua de arroz sobre la duración de la diarrea, número de deposiciones y la consistencia de las heces en el tratamiento de la diarrea aguda en niños.
Se realizó en una población constituida por 22 niños entre 6 y 60 meses de edad internados en el Hospital Nacional Pedro de Bethancourt de la Antigua Guatemala, 11 niños se asignaron aleatoriamente a un grupo control y 11 al experimental. Al grupo experimental se le administró agua de arroz con zanahoria y al control solo agua de arroz. Los niños estuvieron en un período de observación mínimo de 48 y máximo de 72 horas, el volumen promedio de agua de arroz y agua de arroz con zanahoria administrado fue de 32 onzas a cada niño, los niños con lactancia materna la continuaron a libre demanda, los niños destetados o con lactancia mixta, que tomaban formula infantil se les siguió proporcionando en la forma habitual y los que recibían alimentos sólidos se les brindó la dieta del hospital.
La edad promedio de los niños participantes en el estudio fue de un año con nueve meses en el grupo experimental y un año con ocho meses en el control. El 41 % de los niños del grupo experimental eran hombres y el 9.0 % mujeres, y en el control, el 27 % eran hombres y el 23 % mujeres.
Unidad De Biodiversidad, Aprovechamiento y Tecnología De Hongos
Authors: Cóbar Pinto Oscar
Published: April 2022

Los hongos constituyen uno de los grupos más abundantes y diversos de los seres vivos, con más de 70,000 especies conocidas y con la presunción de que muchas especies aún no están descritas, en especial entre las formas miceliares poco conspicuas que no forman cuerpos fructíferos. De las especies conocidas, se calcula que existen unas 2000 especies consideradas comestibles. Los hongos constituyen el recurso genético más grande de las áreas tropicales y subtropicales y sin embargo son los menos conocidos. De ellos puede obtenerse alimento para el hombre y animales, fertilizantes orgánicos y sustancias medicinales.
Además, tienen un papel ecológico muy importante en todos los ecosistemas como descomponedores de mate ria orgánica, contribuyendo con la formación del suelo. Muchos hongos dependen o influyen en las plantas vasculares, en los animales, en el hombre e incluso en otros hongos. Forman asociaciones simbióticas con los vegetales, produciendo los liqúenes y las micomzas (mas del 80% de las plantas son micorrízicas), por lo que la presencia de los hongos en el medio es trascendental Independientemente de la gran importancia ecológica de los hong, está su utilidad en la vida cotidiana del hombre. Son muchas las especies comestibles que utiliza el hombre desde tiempos inmemorables y moderadamente numerosas las que cultiva.
Guatemala es un país con una alta biodiversidad sin embargo, la deforestación, el avance de la frontera agrícola y otros factores similares están contribuyendo al deterioro de los ecosistemas en los que se desarrellan las diversas especies de hongos comestibles, muchas de ellas aún no descubiertas y que es necesario documentar y proteger para su utilización en beneficio del país. Anado a ello, la pobreza y el aumento poblacional, hacen neccesario crear alternativas que provean fuentes de ingres que contribuyan al desarrollo socioeconómico de las comunidades campesinas y que además conllexen a la c nser uCion de los ecosistemas donde crecen los hong s. buscando un adecuado manejo del recurso fúngico mediante la un nz ación de tecnologías apropiadas, tales como el cultivo de los hongos comestibles sobre desechos agroindustriales los cuales son fuente de contaminación ambiental en el país y el uso de la diversidad fúngica en el manejo sostenible de bosques productivos.
Cembranoides 2,11-ciclizados del Caribe Mesoamericano: origen, estructura y actividad biológica
Authors: Cóbar O.
Published: April 2022

Los cembranoides 2.11-cicüzados son una familia de diterpenoides altamente funcionalizados aislados may oritar i ámente de octocoralcs del mar caribe. Biogenéticamente se proponen como derivados de la ciclacion de la molécula del cembrano, con posteriores ciclaciones oxidativas que originan el esqueleto carbonado de asbestinino, briaicllina, eunicelina y saicodictina. Sesenta y nueve cembranoides 2,11 ciclizados se han aislado hasta diciembre do 2009 de tres gorgonios del caribe mesoamericano, treinta y nueve Asbestininos, veintidós Briarellinas, siete Sarcodictinas y una Eunicelma, dejos cuales cuarenta y cuatro son de Bria retan asbeslinum, dieciocho de Bria retan polyajiíhes y siete de Eritliropodium caribaeorum. Estos metabolites poseen diversidad de actividades biológicas que van desde citotóxicas, antimmorales hasta antibacterianas y anti -inflamatorias.
El número importante de estos metabolites, aunado a su variada y sorprendente actividad biológica y aspectos estructurales únicos, los hacen moléculas que deben ser sujetas a estudios profundos, tanto en su potencial farmacológico, como en el análisis de la relación entre su estructura y actividad biológica.
El origen biosintético/estructura y actividad biológica de estos sesenta y nueve cembranoides se describen en este artículo.