bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Spacing and Panchagavya on Growth and Yield Attributes of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Arun Kasula , Debbarma Victor
Published: October 2022

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season 2021-22 at the experimental field of the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology And Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with nine treatments replicated thrice. The treatments consisted of three levels of spacing (20 cm x 10 cm, 30 cm x 10 cm, 40 cm x10 cm) and three concentrations of panchagavya (2, 3 and 5%). The results revealed that significantly higher plant height (51.1 cm), maximum number of nodules/plant (11.7) and higher plant dry weight (25.7 g). Whereas the maximum number of pods/plant (62.0), higher seeds/pod (1.86), maximum seed index (22.9 g), higher seed yield (2.58 t/ha), higher stover yield (5.34 t/ha) and higher harvest index (36.6%) were recorded in the treatment-5 (30 cm x 10 cm + panchagavya 3%).
Management Outcome of Multi-sites Keloids of Multiple Aetiologies in a Young Female Nigerian: A Case Report
Authors: Ajani Rotimi Sunday , Adenipekun Adeniyi Abidemi
Published: October 2022

Background: Keloids are exaggerated cutaneous scars with a preponderance of fibrous tissue that may complicate wound healing in people that are predisposed to its development. Its management could be challenging with very high probability of recurrence following surgical excision alone. A case of multiple keloids involving both breasts and anterior chest wall of different aetiologies in a young adult female Nigerian without family history of keloid is being reported. She had extralesional excisions of the keloids with immediate external beam radiotherapy followed by serial triamcinolone acetonide injections of the surgical sites.

Conclusion: The triple therapy of surgical excision, post-excision radiation and corticosteroid injection offers an excellent outcome in terms of recurrence.
Human Monkeypox Virus Infection in the Immediate Period After Receiving Modified Vaccinia Ankara Vaccine
Authors: Hazra Aniruddha , Rusie Laura , Hedberg Trevor , Schneider John A.
Published: September 2022

This study uses electronic medical record data to describe monkeypox infections after a single dose of Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic vaccine, a live, nonreplicating vaccine indicated for prevention of smallpox and monkeypox infection in adults.
Trends in Diagnosed Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Among Children, Adolescents, and Adults in Japan From April 2010 to March 2020
Authors: Sasayama Daimei , Kuge Rie , Toibana Yuki , Honda Hideo
Published: September 2022

This cohort study assesses trends in incidence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among children, adolescents, and adults in Japan from 2010 to 2019.
Activity of the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Ack1 is regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation of its Mig6 homology region
Authors: Kan Yağmur , Miller W. Todd
Published: September 2022

Ack1 is a proto‐oncogenic tyrosine kinase with homology to the tumour suppressor Mig6, an inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The residues critical for binding of Mig6 to EGFR are conserved within the Mig6 homology region (MHR) of Ack1. We tested whether intramolecular interactions between the Ack1 MHR and kinase domain (KD) are regulated by phosphorylation. We identified two Src phosphorylation sites within the MHR (Y859, Y860). Addition of Src‐phosphorylated MHR to the Ack1 KD enhanced enzymatic activity. Co‐expression of Src in cells led to increased Ack1 activity; mutation of Y859/Y860 blocked this increase. Collectively, the data suggest that phosphorylation of the Ack1 MHR regulates its kinase activity. Phosphorylation of Y859/Y860 occurs in cancers of the brain, breast, colon, and prostate, where genomic amplification or somatic mutations of Ack1 play a role in disease progression. Our findings suggest that MHR phosphorylation could contribute to Ack1 dysregulation in tumours.
Solution‐Processed Ternary Tin (II) Alloy as Hole‐Transport Layer of Sn–Pb Perovskite Solar Cells for Enhanced Efficiency and Stability
Authors: Yu Zhenhua , Wang Jiantao , Chen Bo , Uddin Md Aslam , Ni Zhenyi , Yang Guang , Huang Jinsong
Published: September 2022

Tin–lead (Sn–Pb) narrow‐bandgap (NBG) perovskites show great potential in both single‐junction and all‐perovskite tandem solar cells. Sn–Pb perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are still limited by low charge collection efficiency and poor stability. Here, a ternary Sn (II) alloy of SnOCl is reported as the hole‐transport material (HTM) with a work function of 4.95 eV for Sn–Pb PSCs. The solution‐processed SnOCl layer has a texture structure that not only reduces the optical loss of the devices, but also changes grain growth of Sn–Pb perovskites and boosts the carrier diffusion length to 3.63 µm. The formation of small perovskite grains at the HTM/perovskite interface is suppressed. These result in an almost constant internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of 96 ± 2% across the absorption spectrum of Sn–Pb perovskites. The SnOCl HTM significantly enhances the stability of Sn–Pb PSCs with 87% of its initial efficiency retained after 1‐sun illumination for 1200 h, and keeps 85% efficiency under 85 °C thermal stress for 1500 h. The hybrid HTM further improves the stabilized efficiencies of single‐junction Sn–Pb PSCs and all‐perovskite tandem solar cells to 23.2% and 25.9%, respectively. This discovery opens an avenue to the multicomponent metal alloys as HTM in PSCs.
Regulation of Outer Solvation Shell Toward Superior Low‐Temperature Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ma Qianyi , Gao Rui , Liu Yizhou , Dou Haozhen , Zheng Yun , Or Tyler , Yang Leixin , Li Qingying , Cu Qiao , Feng Renfei , Zhang Zhen , Nie Yihang , Ren Bohua , Luo Dan , Wang Xin , Yu Aiping , Chen Zhongwei
Published: September 2022

Aqueous Zn‐ion batteries are well regarded among a next‐generation energy‐storage technology due to their low cost and high safety. However, the unstable stripping/plating process leading to severe dendrite growth under high current density and low temperature impede their practical application. Herein, it is demonstrated that the addition of 2‐propanol can regulate the outer solvation shell structure of Zn2+ by replacing water molecules to establish a “eutectic solvation shell”, which provides strong affinity with the Zn (101) crystalline plane and fast desolvation kinetics during the plating process, rendering homogeneous Zn deposition without dendrite formation. As a result, the Zn anode exhibits promising cycle stability over 500 h under an elevated current density of 15 mA cm−2 and high depth of discharge of 51.2%. Furthermore, remarkable electrochemical performance is achieved in a 150 mAh Zn|V2O5 pouch cell over 1000 cycles at low temperature of −20 °C. This work not only offers a new strategy to achieve excellent performance of aqueous Zn‐ion batteries under harsh conditions, but also reveals electrolyte structure designs that can be applied in related energy storage and conversion fields.
Structural and Electrochemical Sodium (De)intercalation Properties of Carbon‐Coated NASICON‐Na3+yV2−yMny(PO4)3 Cathodes for Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ghosh Subham , Barman Nabadyuti , Patra Biplab , Senguttuvan Premkumar
Published: September 2022

Mixed vanadium‐/manganese‐based NASICON cathodes are attractive for practical sodium‐ion battery application due to their low cost and toxicity. Although the previous reports demonstrate remarkable performances of bulk Na3+yV2−yMny(PO4)3 cathodes, their full utilization is limited by lower electronic conductivities and longer Na‐ion diffusion lengths. To overcome this issue, herein, structural and electrochemical Na (de)intercalation properties of carbon‐coated nanoscale NASICON‐Na3+yV2−yMny(PO4)3 cathodes are investigated. The Mn‐rich carbon‐coated cathodes display enhanced cycling stabilities (90% retention after 100 cycles) and rate performances (100 mAh g−1 at 5C) compared with their bulk counterparts in low‐voltage window cycling (3.8–2.75 V) due to efficient carbon coating and particle nanosizing. Upon extending the voltage window to 4.2–2.75 V, the Mn‐lean cathodes show better capacity retention (≈100 mAh g−1 for 50 cycles at 1C) whereas the Mn‐rich cathodes undergo structural irreversibility and rapid capacity fading. The in operando X‐ray diffraction and ex situ X‐ray absorption studies shed insights on the structural (ir)reversibility and redox activities of NASICON cathodes upon cycling in different voltage windows.
Forecasting drinking milk price based on economic, social, and environmental factors using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Atalan Abdulkadir
Published: September 2022

The study aimed to describe and test machine learning (ML)‐based algorithms to evaluate the unit price of drinking milk. The algorithms were applied to the data collected over 8 years in 2014 and 2021 related to the price of drinking milk in Turkey. The economic, social, and environmental factors that have an impact on the unit price of drinking milk were evaluated. Five ML algorithms, including random forest, gradient boosting, support vector machine (SVM), neural network, and AdaBoost algorithms, were utilized to predict the drinking milk unit price. ML also applied hyperparameter tuning with nested cross‐validation to calculate the prediction accuracy for each algorithm. The results show that the random forest algorithm based on the features of the ML algorithms has the best performance, with the accuracy of 99.30% for training and 98.10% for testing the dataset. The average accuracy of gradient boosting, SVM, neural network, and AdaBoost are obtained as 97.30%, 96.15%, 95.65%, and 96.05%, respectively. Random forest performed best as the target variable with the lowest deviation values of mean squared error (MSE) (0.004), root mean square error (RMSE) (0.060), and mean absolute error (MAE) (0.029) in the training and MSE (0.009), RMSE (0.096), and MA (0.055) in the testing dataset. This study presents an interesting perspective with practical potential to adopt ML methods in the dairy industry. The developed ML algorithms can provide dairy investors and policymakers with important decision‐support information. [EconLit Citations: C13, C53, L66, C88].
Dual‐templating surface gel into thin SSZ‐13 zeolite membrane for fast selective hydrogen separation
Authors: Rong Huazhen , Guan Yixing , Li Jun , Li Ziyi , Ma Dan , Zhang Jingjing , Liu Terence Xiaoteng , Zou Xiaoqin
Published: September 2022

Highly permeable zeolite membranes are desirable for fast gas separation in the industry. Reducing the membrane's thickness is deemed to be an optimal solution for permeability improvement. Herein, we report the synthesis route of thin SSZ‐13 zeolite membranes via the conversion of template‐contained surface gels. The synthesis gel is fully crystallized into crack‐free SSZ‐13 membranes assisted with dual templates of N,N,N‐trimethyl‐1‐adamantammonium hydroxide (TMAdaOH) and tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAOH). The specific functions of TMAdaOH for structure directing and TEAOH for crystallization regulating are well discussed. Thin surface gel layer is impregnated onto porous alumina with subsequent crystallization into a 500 nm thick membrane. This submicron‐thick membrane exhibits high H2 permeance with 50 × 10−8 mol s−1 m−2 Pa−1 during hydrogen separation. Meanwhile, the separation factors are retained around 23.0 and 31.5 for H2/C2H6 and H2/C3H8, respectively. This approach offers a possibility for obtaining high‐quality zeolite membranes for efficient hydrogen separation.
A LRET Nanoplatform Consisting of Lanthanide and Amorphous Manganese Oxide for NIR‐II Luminescence Lifetime Imaging of Tumor Redox Status
Authors: Zhao Mengyao , Zhuang Hongjun , Zhang Hongxin , Li Benhao , Ming Jiang , Chen Xiaoyuan , Chen Meiwan
Published: September 2022

Designing luminescence lifetime sensors in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) window is a great challenge due to the difficult structural construction. Here, we report a tumor redox responsive and easily synthesized material, amorphous manganese oxide (MnOx) with indirect band gap of 1.02 eV, as an energy acceptor to build a luminescence resonance energy transfer (LRET) toolbox for universally regulating NIR‐I to NIR‐II luminescence lifetimes of lanthanide nanoparticles, in which energy transfer is based on matched energy gap instead of conventional overlapped spectra. We further utilize ytterbium (Yb3+)‐doped YbNP@MnOxas an NIR‐II luminescence lifetime sensor to realize in vitro quantitative redox visualization with relative errors under 5 % in samples covered with mouse skin. Furthermore, HepG2 cells and tumors with high redox state have been accurately distinguished by NIR‐II luminescence lifetime imaging. The quantified intracellular and intratumor glutathione (GSH) levels are highly consistent with the commercial kit results, illustrating the reliable redox visualization ability in biological tissue.
Palladium‐Catalyzed PIDA‐Mediated δ‐C(sp3)−H Acetoxylation of Amino Acid Derivatives: Overriding Competitive Intramolecular Amination
Authors: Martínez‐Mingo Mario , García‐Viada Andrés , Prendes Daniel Sowa , Alonso Inés , Rodríguez Nuria , Arrayás Ramón Gómez , Carretero Juan C.
Published: September 2022

The selective δ‐C(sp3)−H acetoxylation of N‐(SO2Py)‐protected amino acid derivatives has been accomplished by using palladium‐catalysis and PhI(OAc)2 (PIDA) as both terminal oxidant and acetoxy source. The distinct structural and electronic features of the SO2Py compared to more traditional carbonyl‐based directing groups is essential to override the otherwise more favourable competitive intramolecular C−H amination. The δ‐site selectivity predominates over traditionally more favorable 5‐membered cyclopalladation at competitive γ‐CH2. Experimental and DFT mechanistic studies provide important insights about the mechanism and the underlying factors controlling the chemo‐ and regioselectivity.
Upgrading Kolbe Electrolysis—Highly Efficient Production of Green Fuels and Solvents by Coupling Biosynthesis and Electrosynthesis
Authors: Teetz Niklas , Holtmann Dirk , Harnisch Falk , Stöckl Markus
Published: September 2022

The chemical industry is transitioning to more sustainable and biobased processes. One key element of this transition is coupling energy fluxes and feedstock utilization for optimizing processes, routes and efficiencies. Here, we show for the first time the coupling of the Kolbe electrolysis at the anode with a subsequent microbial conversion of the cathodically produced co‐product hydrogen. Kolbe electrolysis of valeric acid yields the liquid drop‐in fuel additive n‐octane. Subsequently, the solvent isopropanol is produced by resting Cupriavidus necator cells using gaseous electrolysis products (esp. CO2 and H2). The resting microbial cells show carbon efficiencies of up to 41 % and Coulombic/Faradaic efficiencies of 60 % and 80 % for anodic and cathodic reactions, respectively. The implementation of a paired electrolyser resulted in superior process performances with overall efficiencies of up to 64.4 %.
A Broadband, Multiplexed‐Visible‐Light‐Transport in Composite Flexible‐Organic‐Crystal Waveguide
Authors: Kumar Avulu Vinod , Godumala Mallesham , Ravi Jada , Chandrasekar Rajadurai
Published: September 2022

We report the construction of an organic crystal multiplexer using three chemically and optically different acicular, flexible organic crystals for a broadband, visible light signal transportation. The mechanical integration of a highly flexible crystal waveguide of (Z)‐2‐(3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)‐3‐(7‐methoxybenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol‐4‐yl)acrylonitrile (BTD2CF3) displaying bright yellow (λ1) fluorescence with blue‐emitting (λ2) BPP and cyan emitting (λ3) DBA crystals using AFM‐tip provides a composite organic crystal multiplexer. The constructed hybrid single crystal multiplexer effectively transduces three optical signals (λ1+λ2+λ3) covering the 420–750 nm region as a composite output signal. The presented proof‐of‐principle experiment demonstrates the real potential of organic flexible crystal waveguides for visible light communication technologies.
Development of Nucleic‐Acid‐Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Clinical Applications
Authors: Zhang Zijie , Sen Payel , Adhikari Bal Ram , Li Yingfu , Soleymani Leyla
Published: September 2022

Nucleic acids are remarkable molecules. In addition to Watson–Crick base pairing, the different structural motifs of these molecules can bind non‐nucleic acid targets or catalyze chemical reactions. Additionally, nucleic acids are easily modified with different molecules or functional groups. These properties make nucleic acids, particularly DNA, ideally suited for use in electrochemical biosensors, both as biorecognition elements and redox reporter probes. In this Minireview, we will review the historical evolution of nucleic acids as probes in electrochemical biosensors. We will then review the specific examples of nucleic‐acid‐based biosensors that have been evaluated for clinical use in the areas of infectious disease, cancer, or cardiovascular health.
Squarephaneic Tetraanhydride: A Conjugated Square‐Shaped Cyclophane for the Synthesis of Porous Organic Materials**
Authors: Eder Simon , Ding Bowen , Thornton Daisy B. , Sammut Darlene , White Andrew J. P. , Plasser Felix , Stephens Ifan E. L. , Heeney Martin , Mezzavilla Stefano , Glöcklhofer Florian
Published: September 2022

Aromatic carboxylic anhydrides are ubiquitous building blocks in organic materials chemistry and have received considerable attention in the synthesis of organic semiconductors, pigments, and battery electrode materials. Here we extend the family of aromatic carboxylic anhydrides with a unique new member, a conjugated cyclophane with four anhydride groups. The cyclophane is obtained in a three‐step synthesis and can be functionalised efficiently, as shown by the conversion into tetraimides and an octacarboxylate. Crystal structures reveal the high degree of porosity achievable with the new building block. Excellent electrochemical properties and reversible reduction to the tetraanions are shown for the imides; NMR and EPR measurements confirm the global aromaticity of the dianions and evidence the global Baird aromaticity of the tetraanions. Considering the short synthesis and unique properties, we expect widespread use of the new building block in the development of organic materials.
Selective Reductive Coupling of Vinyl Azaarenes and Alkynes via Photoredox Cobalt Dual Catalysis
Authors: Gu Zheng‐Yang , Li Wen‐Duo , Li Yan‐Lin , Cui Kun , Xia Ji‐Bao
Published: September 2022

A visible light‐induced Co‐catalyzed highly regio‐ and stereoselective reductive coupling of vinyl azaarenes and alkynes has been developed. Notably, Hünig's base together with simple ethanol has been successfully applied as the hydrogen sources instead of commonly used Hantzsch esters in this catalytic photoredox reaction. This approach has considerable advantages for the straightforward synthesis of stereodefined multiple substituted alkenes bearing an azaarene motif, such as excellent regioselectivity (>20 : 1 for >30 examples) and stereoselectivity (>20 : 1 E/Z), broad substrate scope and good functional group compatibility under mild reaction conditions, which has been utilized in the concise synthesis of natural product monomorine I. A reasonable catalytic reaction pathway involving protolysis of the cobaltacyclopentene intermediate has been proposed based on the mechanistic studies.
Thermoreversible Polymorph Transitions in Supramolecular Polymers of Hydrogen‐Bonded Squaramides
Authors: Bujosa Sergi , Doncel‐Giménez Azahara , Bäumer Nils , Fernández Gustavo , Ortí Enrique , Costa Antonio , Rotger Carmen , Aragó Juan , Soberats Bartolome
Published: September 2022

Hydrogen‐bonded squaramide (SQ) supramolecular polymers exhibit uncommon thermoreversible polymorph transitions between particle‐ and fiber‐like nanostructures. SQs1–3, with different steric bulk, self‐assemble in solution into particles (AggI) upon cooling to 298 K, and SQs1and2, with only one dendronic group, show a reversible transformation into fibers (AggII) by further decreasing the temperature to 288 K. Nano‐DSC and UV/Vis studies on SQ1reveal a concentration‐dependent transition temperature and ΔHfor theAggI‐to‐AggIIconversion, while the kinetic studies on SQ2indicate the on‐pathway nature of the polymorph transition. Spectroscopic and theoretical studies reveal that these transitions are triggered by the molecular reorganization of the SQ units changing from slipped to head‐to‐tail hydrogen bonding patterns. This work unveils the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of reversible polymorph transitions that are of interest to develop stimuli‐responsive systems.
A Deep‐Learning Framework for the Automated Recognition of Molecules in Scanning‐Probe‐Microscopy Images
Authors: Zhu Zhiwen , Lu Jiayi , Zheng Fengru , Chen Cheng , Lv Yang , Jiang Hao , Yan Yuyi , Narita Akimitsu , Müllen Klaus , Wang Xiao‐Ye , Sun Qiang
Published: September 2022

Computer vision as a subcategory of deep learning tackles complex vision tasks by dealing with data of images. Molecular images with exceptionally high resolution have been achieved thanks to the development of techniques like scanning probe microscopy (SPM). However, extracting useful information from SPM image data requires careful analysis which heavily relies on human supervision. In this work, we develop a deep learning framework using an advanced computer vision algorithm, Mask R‐CNN, to address the challenge of molecule detection, classification and instance segmentation in binary molecular nanostructures. We employ the framework to determine two triangular‐shaped molecules of similar STM appearance. Our framework could accurately differentiate two molecules and label their positions. We foresee that the application of computer vision in SPM images will become an indispensable part in the field, accelerating data mining and the discovery of new materials.
Self‐Propelled Magnetic Dendrite‐Shaped Microrobots for Photodynamic Prostate Cancer Therapy
Authors: Peng Xia , Urso Mario , Balvan Jan , Masarik Michal , Pumera Martin
Published: September 2022

Photocatalytic micromotors that exhibit wireless and controllable motion by light have been extensively explored for cancer treatment by photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, overexpressed glutathione (GSH) in the tumor microenvironment can down‐regulate the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level for cancer therapy. Herein, we present dendrite‐shaped light‐powered hematite microrobots as an effective GSH depletion agent for PDT of prostate cancer cells. These hematite microrobots can display negative phototactic motion under light irradiation and flexible actuation in a defined path controlled by an external magnetic field. Non‐contact transportation of micro‐sized cells can be achieved by manipulating the microrobot's motion. In addition, the biocompatible microrobots induce GSH depletion and greatly enhance PDT performance. The proposed dendrite‐shaped hematite microrobots contribute to developing dual light/magnetic field‐powered micromachines for the biomedical field.
Unexpected Persistent Production of Reactive Oxygen Species during the Degradation of Black Phosphorous in the Darkness
Authors: Yu Wanchao , Xu Jin , Chen Fengjie , Wang Yarui , Tang Shanshan , Geng Fanglan , Lv Jitao , Qu Guangbo , Zhao Lixia , Wang Yawei
Published: September 2022

Few‐layer black phosphorus (FLBP) is easily degraded under ambient conditions which is problem that hinders the application of FLBP, but its degradation mechanism is not yet well understood. In this work, we surprisingly found that persistent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was involved in FLBP degradation even in the dark. The ROS generation patterns and mechanism were revealed by chemiluminescence (CL) and density functional theory (DFT). Meanwhile, rhodamine B (RhB) and methyl orange (MO) can also be removed by FLBP under dark conditions, which further shows the ROS generation during FLBP self‐degradation. This work provides new insights into the FLBP self‐degradation mechanism and opens opportunities to practically implement FLBP for green catalytic application.
Photochemical Mechanisms of Fluorophores Employed in Single‐Molecule Localization Microscopy
Authors: Kikuchi Kai , Adair Liam D. , Lin Jiarun , New Elizabeth J. , Kaur Amandeep
Published: September 2022

Decoding cellular processes requires visualization of the spatial distribution and dynamic interactions of biomolecules. It is therefore not surprising that innovations in imaging technologies have facilitated advances in biomedical research. The advent of super‐resolution imaging technologies has empowered biomedical researchers with the ability to answer long‐standing questions about cellular processes at an entirely new level. Fluorescent probes greatly enhance the specificity and resolution of super‐resolution imaging experiments. Here, we introduce key super‐resolution imaging technologies, with a brief discussion on single‐molecule localization microscopy (SMLM). We evaluate the chemistry and photochemical mechanisms of fluorescent probes employed in SMLM. This Review provides guidance on the identification and adoption of fluorescent probes in single molecule localization microscopy to inspire the design of next‐generation fluorescent probes amenable to single‐molecule imaging.
Block Poly(carbonate‐ester) Ionomers as High‐Performance and Recyclable Thermoplastic Elastomers
Authors: Gregory Georgina L. , Sulley Gregory S. , Kimpel Joost , Łagodzińska Matylda , Häfele Lisa , Carrodeguas Leticia Peña , Williams Charlotte K.
Published: September 2022

Thermoplastic elastomers based on polyesters/carbonates have the potential to maximize recyclability, degradability and renewable resource use. However, they often underperform and suffer from the familiar trade‐off between strength and extensibility. Herein, we report well‐defined reprocessable poly(ester‐b‐carbonate‐b‐ester) elastomers with impressive tensile strengths (60 MPa), elasticity (>800 %) and recovery (95 %). Plus, the ester/carbonate linkages are fully degradable and enable chemical recycling. The superior performances are attributed to three features: (1) Highly entangled soft segments; (2) Fully reversible strain‐induced crystallization and (3) Precisely placed ZnII‐carboxylates dynamically crosslinking the hard domains. The one‐pot synthesis couples controlled cyclic monomer ring‐opening polymerization and alternating epoxide/anhydride ring‐opening copolymerization. Efficient convresion to ionomers is achieved by reacting vinyl‐epoxides to install ZnII‐carboxylates.
Improved Charge Separation in Poly(heptazine‐triazine) Imides with Semi‐coherent Interfaces for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhang Jian , Liang Xiaocong , Zhang Chao , Lin Lihua , Xing Wandong , Yu Zhiyang , Zhang Guigang , Wang Xinchen
Published: September 2022

The construction of heterojunctions is a promising manner to accelerate the separation and transfer of the charge carriers at the interface. Herein, a binary poly(heptazine‐triazine) imides (PHI/PTI) with semi‐coherent interfaces was fabricated via a facile two‐step salt‐melt synthetic process. The built‐in electric fields at the semi‐coherent interface endow prompt exciton splitting and charge carrier separation. Hence, the optimized PHI/PTI‐based copolymer presents a high apparent quantum yield (AQY=64 %) for visible‐light driven hydrogen production, by the aids of K2HPO4as charge transfer mediator. This study provides physical insights for the rational promotion of the photocatalytic performance from the viewpoint of interfacial engineering of photocatalytic junctions on crystalline carbon nitride based semiconductors.
Double‐pronged Antimicrobial Agents based on a Donor‐π‐Acceptor Type Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogen
Authors: Wu Yifan , Li Jiangao , Shen Zipeng , Wang Deliang , Dong Ruihua , Zhang Jiangjiang , Pan Yinzhen , Li Ying , Wang Dong , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: September 2022

Novel antibacterial agents are urgently needed to control the infections induced by multidrug‐resistant (MDR) bacteria. Herein, we rationally designed and facilely synthesized a new D‐π‐A type luminogen with strong red/near‐infrared fluorescence emission, great aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) features, and excellent reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The newly developed molecule TTTh killed the methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by triggering the ROS accumulation in bacteria and interrupting the membrane integrity. Moreover, TTTh specifically targeted the lysosomes and potentiated their maturation to accelerate the clearance of intracellular bacteria. Additionally, reduced bacterial burden and improved healing were observed in TTTh‐treated wounds with negligible side effects. Our study expands the biological design and application of AIE luminogens (AIEgens), and provides new insights into discovering novel antibacterial targets and agents.
Linear Axially Chiral Conjugated Polymers Exhibiting Ultralong Low‐Temperature Phosphorescence and Intense Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Zhang Da‐Wei , Li Meng , Chen Chuan‐Feng
Published: September 2022

Ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), as two important branches in the field of organic optical functional materials have broad prospects. In this work, a pair of novel conjugated polymers with low‐temperature UOP and intense CPL properties are constructed by incorporating rigid axially chiral chromophores into a polymeric backbone. The twisted and rigid biphenyl skeleton not only effectively reduces the energy gap between the S1and T to greatly facilitate the intersystem crossing process, but also suppress the non‐radiative decay from T1to S0. As a result, a strong and ultralong afterglow of up to 33 s is achieved in 2‐MeTHF at 77 K. Moreover, the repeating rigid biphenyl skeleton with its helix‐like form also promotes the chiroptical activity of the polymers, and intense signals are shown in the low‐temperature CPL spectra with absoluteglumvalues of 9.7×10−3and 5.8×10−3at the fluorescence and phosphorescence emission peaks, respectively. This work represents the first low‐temperature materials with UOP and CPL properties, which provides a new guideline and perspective for the development of persistent luminescence materials.
Late‐Stage Modification of Oligopeptides by Nickel‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Radical Addition to Dehydroalanine
Authors: Qi Xiaoxu , Jambu Subramanian , Ji Yining , Belyk Kevin M. , Panigrahi Nihar R. , Arora Paramjit S. , Strotman Neil A. , Diao Tianning
Published: September 2022

Radical addition to dehydroalanine (Dha) represents an appealing, modular strategy to access non‐canonical peptide analogues for drug discovery. Prior studies on radical addition to the Dha residue of peptides and proteins have demonstrated outstanding functional group compatibility, but the lack of stereoselectivity has limited the synthetic utility of this approach. Herein, we address this challenge by employing chiral nickel catalysts to control the stereoselectivity of radical addition to Dha on oligopeptides. The conditions accommodate a variety of primary and secondary electrophiles to introduce polyethylene glycol, biotin, halo‐tag, and hydrophobic and hydrophilic side chains to the peptide. The reaction features catalyst control to largely override substrate‐based control of stereochemical outcome for modification of short peptides. We anticipate that the discovery of chiral nickel complexes that confer catalyst control will allow rapid, late‐stage modification of peptides featuring nonnatural sidechains.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Benzylation with Photogenerated Hydroxy‐o‐Quinodimethanes
Authors: Yang Pusu , Wang Rui‐Xiang , Cheng Yuan‐Zheng , Zheng Chao , You Shu‐Li
Published: September 2022

An iridium‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic benzylation of aryl vinyl carbinols under light irradiation is described. 2‐Methylbenzophenone derivatives are employed and activated to hydroxy‐o‐quinodimethanes by an ultraviolet (UV) light. This approach enables asymmetric allylic benzylation with high enantioselectivity (up to 99 % ee) from readily available 2‐methylbenzophenones without the utilization of strong bases, and pre‐activation or pre‐functionalization of the substrates. Moreover, deuterium experiments reveal the generation of nucleophilic benzyl species from 2‐methylbenzophenone under UV irradiation.
Pyrogallate‐Based Metal‐Organic Framework with a Two‐Dimensional Secondary Building Unit
Authors: Kampouri Stavroula , Zhang Mingxuan , Chen Tianyang , Oppenheim Julius J. , Brown Alexandra C. , Payne Michael T. , Andrews Justin L. , Sun Junliang , Dincă Mircea
Published: September 2022

We report a metal–organic framework (MOF) with a rare two‐dimensional (2D) secondary building unit (SBU). The SBU comprises mixed‐valent Fe2+ and Fe3+ metal ions bridged by oxygen atoms pertaining to the polytopic ligand 3,3′,4,4′,5,5′‐hexahydroxybiphenyl, which also define the iron‐oxide 2D layers. Overall, the anionic framework exhibits rare topology and evidences strong electronic communication between the mixed‐valence iron sites. These results highlight the importance of dimensionality control of MOF SBUs for discovering new topologies in reticular chemistry, and especially for improving electronic communication within the MOF skeleton.
Lightning strike damage resistance of carbon‐fiber composites with nanocarbon‐modified epoxy matrices
Authors: Kopsidas Sotirios , Olowojoba Ganiu B. , Stone Chris , Clark David , Haddad A. Manu , Kinloch Anthony J. , Taylor Ambrose C.
Published: September 2022

Carbon‐fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are replacing metal alloys in aerospace structures, but they can be vulnerable to lightning strike damage if not adequately protected due to the poor electrical conductivity of the polymeric matrix. In the present work, to improve the conductivity of the CFRP, two electrically conductive epoxy formulations were developed via the addition of 0.5 wt% of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and a hybrid of 0.5 wt% of GNPs/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) at an 8:2 mass ratio. Unidirectional CFRP laminates were manufactured using resin‐infusion under flexible tooling (RIFT) and wet lay‐up (WL) processes, and subjected to simulated lightning strike tests. The electrical performance of the RIFT plates was far superior to that of the WL plates, independent of matrix modification, due to their greater carbon‐fiber volume fraction. The GNP‐modified panel made using RIFT demonstrated an electrical conductivity value of 8 S/cm. After the lightning strike test, the CFRP panel remains largely unaffected as no perforation occurs. Damage is limited to matrix degradation within the top ply at the point of impact and localized charring of the surface. The GNP‐modified panel showed a comparable level of resistance against lightning damage with the existing copper mesh technology, offering at the same time a 20% reduction in the structural weight. This indicates a feasible route to improve the lightning strike damage resistance of carbon‐fiber composites without the addition of extra weight, hence reducing fuel consumption but not safety.
Mechanical characteristics of high strength concrete incorporating recycled CFRP fibers
Authors: Lamba Nitin , Raj Ritu , Singh Poonam
Published: September 2022

The current research article assesses the feasibility of recycled CFRP (Carbon‐Fiber‐ Reinforced‐Polymer) fibers in high‐strength concrete. Different dosages of recycled CFRP fibers (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, and 1%) as well as different aspect ratios of CFRP fibers with 10 and 20 mm fiber lengths is assessed for hardened state characteristics of reinforced high‐strength concrete. Furthermore, ultrasonic pulse velocity test, compression test, flexure test, and impact resistance test are performed to understand the hardened properties of specimens. The chemical composition of various elements present in the various kinds of concrete samples is qualitatively and quantitatively found with the help of energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) equipment. To understand the surface morphology of carbon fibers incorporated in concrete samples, Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs are obtained to examine the prepared samples thoroughly. Linear regression analysis, an analytical analysis technique, is incorporated to linearly correlate the different hardened mechanical characteristics of specimens taking into account varying lengths and different dosages of recycled CFRP fiber. The findings reveal that increasing the CFRP fiber dosage and the aspect ratio of recycled CFRP fiber improves the reinforced mix composition's mechanical characteristics.
Tension responses of carbon black filled rubbers at intermediate and high strain rates: Experimental investigation and modeling
Authors: Liu Min , Li Ziran , Wang Yang
Published: September 2022

The uniaxial tensile stress – strain responses of carbon black filled rubbers were experimentally investigated at various strain rates of 0.001, 0.05, 2.5 and 400 s−1. A conventional hydraulically driven material testing system, an intermediate strain‐rate testing system and a split‐Hopkinson tension bar were respectively utilized to carry out the monotonic tensile loadings at quasi‐static, intermediate and high strain rates. A complete experimental strategy for intermediate strain‐rate testing of rubber‐like materials with low modulus and low strength was proposed including constant strain‐rate loading, sample clamping and dynamic force measuring methods. The experimentally obtained engineering stress ‐ strain results show that the tensile properties of carbon black filled rubbers are highly nonlinear and rate‐dependent. A visco‐hyperelastic constitutive model based on the modified eight‐chain model parallel with three linear Maxwell elements was developed to describe the tensile responses of carbon black filled rubbers. Especially, the relationship between the number of Maxwell elements used in the model and the tested strain rate range was discussed.
Preparation of a composite hydrogel of polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan fiber with anisotropic properties for sustained drug release
Authors: Huang Jing , Wu Danpin , Xiong Xiaopeng
Published: September 2022

Hydrogel with anisotropic properties has promising potentials, while its fabrication is still challenging. In this work, chitosan fiber (CF) was designed to reinforce polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel anisotropically. First, CF was pre‐treated in a weak acidic buffer to create rough surface as well as outward‐stretched chitosan chain end segments, and then mixed with PVA in solution. A PVA/CFs composite hydrogel was thereafter prepared by casting the mixture with a pushing force followed by freeze‐thawing cycles. The microstructure of the composite hydrogel was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and its mechanical properties at the directions parallel to and perpendicular to the casting force were measured. Our results indicate that the pre‐treated CF can reinforce the PVA hydrogel effectively, especially along the casting force direction. The tensile strength, breaking elongation and toughness of the composite hydrogel with only 0.2% CFs at the parallel direction reach 175%, 117% and 244% those of the PVA hydrogel, respectively. The anisotropic reinforcement effect has been understood by the orientating of CFs and the interfacial bonding between the CFs and the PVA matrix. Moreover, bovine serum albumin was released sustainably from the anisotropic hydrogel to indicate its potential application.
Protective Activities of Scutellarin against Alcohol‐Induced Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Yang Qiankun , Wang Yan , Chen Huizhen , Fan Hui , Zhang Xiao , Bello Babatunde Kazeem , Liu Gang , Feng Xin , Teng Daoyang , Chen Yi , Zhao Panpan , Dong Jingquan
Published: September 2022

Acute alcohol consumption has adverse effects in the kidney, resulting in kidney damage and disease, which are typically accompanied by oxidation and inflammation. Scutellarin (SCU) is the major effective ingredient of breviscapine and its anti‐inflammation and antioxidant efficacy has been previously reported. The present study revealed the protective effective of SCU as therapeutic medicine against alcohol‐induced inflammation and oxidative stress, leading to acute kidney injury (AKI). The AKI model was established by giving 50 % ethanol (12 mL/kg) via lavage. Kidney tissues were collected and used for histopathology analysis, biochemical assays and qRT‐PCR analysis. The therapeutic effects of SCU were evaluated by observing pathological changes from HE‐stained kidney tissues. Additionally, the anti‐inflammation activity of SCU was evaluated by measuring the relative mRNA expression levels of Tnf‐α, Il‐1β, Il‐6 and the activity of iNOS. The antioxidant capacity was assessed by measuring the lipid peroxidation marker ‘MDA’ and antioxidant enzymes activity of SOD, CAT and GSH‐Px. The results showed that serious swelling and damage occurred in the renal tubular epithelium of alcohol intake group, accompanying with glomerular atrophy, necrosis and increase of inflammatory infiltration. SCU treatment significantly reduced the damage of diseased renal tubular epithelium and glomerular, and less inflammatory cell emerged. The inflammation cytokines expression levels were elevated and oxidative stress index decreased after alcohol intake compared to the control group. In conclusion, inflammation and oxidative stress occur in the kidney after acute and excessive alcohol intake, SCU exhibited protective roles via its anti‐inflammation and antioxidant activity in AKI.
Retracted: Deacetyl epoxyazadiradione protects aminoglycoside antibiotic‐induced renal cell apoptosis, in vitro
Authors: Murugan Raghul , Rajesh Ravi , Velayutham Manikandan , Juliet Annie , Gopinath Pushparathinam , Arockiaraj Jesu
Published: September 2022

Aminoglycoside antibiotics such as gentamicin are used frequently to treat bacterial infections in humans. Excessive consumption of these antibiotics lead to renal dysfunction. One of the factors contributing to renal dysfunction is oxidative damage, which causes apoptosis. Hence, this study investigates the effect of the antioxidant compound deacetyl epoxyazadiradione (DEA) in reducing cell death induced by gentamicin treatment in kidney cells (Madin–Darby canine kidney cells). The antioxidant experiments showed that reactive oxygen species level is decreased up to 27.06 ± 0.18% in 150 µM of DEA treatment. At this concentration, the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase increased from 0.4 ± 0.04 to 1.46 ± 0.05 µmol/min/L and catalase increased from 7.48 ± 0.39 to 17.6 ± 0.74 U/mg. The relative folds of gene expression of mitochondrial enzymes such as GST, GPx and GR restored from 0.596 ± 0.019, 0.521 ± 0.013 and 0.775 ± 0.014 to 0.866 ± 0.013, 0.669 ± 0.015 and 0.8615 ± 0.028, respectively. Consequently, the percentage of cell viability increases upto 91.8 ± 2.01 from 61.93 ± 1.63 with much less fragmentation in genomic DNA. Additionally, molecular docking results showed that DEA could bind to Bax, Bcl‐ 2, Caspase‐ 3 and Caspase‐ 9 proteins. These results indicate that DEA could reduce cell apoptosis by reducing oxidative stress due to antibiotics and interrupting the apoptotic signal pathway in kidney cells.
Twelve‐month safety and effectiveness of TCD‐17187 drug‐coated balloon for the treatment of atherosclerotic lesions in the superficial femoral and proximal popliteal artery
Authors: Iida Osamu , Soga Yoshimitsu , Seki Shu‐Ichi , Kawasaki Daizo , Anzai Hitoshi , Ando Hiroshi , Nakama Tatsuya , Shinozaki Norihiko , Kozuki Amane , Ishihara Masaharu , Urasawa Kazushi , Toi Satoru , Tsujita Hiroaki , Tobita Kazuki , Ogata Kenji , Horie Kazunori , Hayakawa Naoki , Mori Shinsuke , Fujihara Masahiko , Ohki Takao , Yuba Kenichiro , Mano Toshiaki , Nakamura Masato ,   TCD‐17187 Japan Investigators
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The aim of this preapproval trial was to evaluate the 12‐month safety and effectiveness of the TCD‐17187 drug‐coated balloon (DCB) for the treatment of atherosclerotic lesions in the superficial femoral artery (SFA) and/or proximal popliteal artery (PA).

Methods

This was a prospective, multicenter, core laboratory adjudicated, single‐arm trial. From October 2019 to November 2020, a total of 121 symptomatic peripheral artery disease patients with SFA and/or proximal PA lesions were enrolled. The primary effectiveness endpoint was 12‐month primary patency defined as freedom from restenosis as determined by duplex ultrasonography in the absence of clinically driven target lesion revascularization (CD‐TLR). The safety endpoint was the major adverse event (MAE) rate defined as freedom from a composite of device‐ and procedure‐related death within 30 days, and index limb major amputation and/or CD‐TLR through follow‐up.

Results

Average age was 74.5 ± 7.3 years and the frequency of diabetes mellitus was 67.5%. Average lesion length and vessel diameter were 106.0 ± 52.6 and 5.2 ± 0.8 mm, respectively. The frequency of chronic total occlusion and bilateral calcification was 17.5% and 50.8% of patients, respectively. The 12‐month primary patency rate calculated by Kaplan–Meier analysis was 81.1%, while 12‐month freedom from CD‐TLR was 95.8%. The MAE rate at 30 days was 1.7% and all events comprised CD‐TLR. There were no instances of device‐ or procedure‐related deaths, major amputations, or thrombosis throughout the 12‐month evaluation period.

Conclusion

This preapproval trial confirmed the safety and effectiveness of TCD‐17187 DCB in the treatment of atherosclerotic lesions in the SFA and/or proximal PA.
Isolation of Homo‐/Mixed‐Valence Ag12, Ag29, and Ag8Clusters Stabilized by Cyclic Alkyl(amino) Carbene‐Anchored Monoanionic Phosphorus Ligand
Authors: Nag Ekta , Battuluri Sridhar , Chandra Mondal Kartik , Roy Sudipta
Published: September 2022

Silver clusters are attractive candidates for their promising optical properties, and biomedical activities. Herein, we report on the first syntheses and isolation of three homo‐/mixed‐valence silver nanoclusters (NCs) with Ag12Cl3, Ag29, and Ag8cores [((cAAC)P)6Ag12Cl3](OTf)3(1), [((cAAC)P)6Ag29] (2), and [((cAAC)P)4Ag8] (3) having three‐/twofold symmetry, employing cyclic alkyl(amino) carbene (cAAC)‐supported phosphinidenide (cAACP−) as the π‐accepting stabilizing ligand. The average diameters of Ag NCs1, and2are approximately 1.6 to 2 nm. The redox non‐innocent mono‐atomic phosphorus anions (P−) anchored with cAAC ligands are generated in situ by the reaction of AgOTf with a boryl‐phosphaalkene (cAAC)P−B(NiPr2)2through cleavage of the P−B bond with the help of a triflate anion (OTf−) as a weak nucleophile. Equivalent number of the (cAAC)P−anions generated in situ are oxidized to produce the corresponding bis‐phosphinidene (cAAC)2P2leading to the generation of Ag0ions in solution for the formation of the unprecedented mixed‐valence Ag NC2. Complex3is achieved by treating potassium phosphinidenide cAACPK with AgNTf2. The ligand field and the steric hindrance of the (cAAC)P units play crucial roles in stabilizing complexes1–3, further providing a three‐ (1,2)/two‐ (3) fold stand. The Ag12Cl3NC (1) with a tricationic core [AgI12Cl3] was found to be diamagnetic, and fluorescent, emitting green light at 563 nm when excited at 400 nm. In contrast, the neutral Ag29(2) and Ag8(3) clusters were found to be paramagnetic, and NMR silent showing characteristic EPR signals for Ag0at room temperature.