bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANÁLISE DA DISTRIBUIÇÃO E ABUNDÂNCIA DAS ESPÉCIES DE ARRAIA Dasyatis geijskesi E Dasyatis guttata, CAPTURADAS COM REDE DE ARRASTO PARA PEIXE, EM PESCARIAS EXPERIMENTAIS NA COSTA NORTE DO BRASIL
Authors: Holanda Francisco Carlos A. Fonteles , Santos Francisco José da Silva , Filho Mutuso Asano
Published: March 2024

Entre os meses de fevereiro de 1998 e dezembro de 1999, foram realizados seis cruzeiros a bordo do navio de pesquisa Almirante Paulo Moreira, pertencente ao CEPNOR/IBAMA. O mesmo utiliza como apetrecho de pesca, rede de arrasto de fundo, abertas por portas de ferro. Durante os trabalhos foram coletados dados referentes a abundância e distribuição de duas das principais espécies de arraias capturadas, pertencentes à família Dasyatidae e ambas com ampla distribuição ao longo da costa. Dasyatis geijskesi , em bora seja uma espécie restrita ao Norte do Brasil, não mostrou capturas significativas. Durante as análises, o que ficou  constatada foi a predominância da espécie Dasyatis guttata , com aproximadamente 90% da captura total em peso. Com relação à sazonalidade, as maiores capturas aconteceram durante o período seco, entre os meses de agosto e dezembro. Para o estudo da distribuição das espécies na coluna d’água, foram estabelecidos três estratos de profundidades (< 50 m, entre 50 m e 100 m e > 100 m), nos quais foram analisa das CPUE e CPUA, obtendo-se 338,00 kg/hora e 18,56 kg/ha,  respectivamente, sendo os maiores valores encontrados em profundidades acima de 100 m, para a espécie D. guttata
Posting on „Nie szczepimy („We don’t vaccinate”) Internet forum
Authors: Cianciara D , Szmigiel A
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION. In Poland, there is a visible strengthening of hesitant attitudes towards vaccination, as well as institutionalization and politicization of hesitancy. The Internet is an important source of information about vaccinations. People who are looking for such information can find negative opinions on the web, so it is important to keep track of the content there. There is no national research on Internet anti-vaccination content.
AIM. To examine posting on the online forum “Nie szczepimy” (We don’t vaccinate).
MATERIAL AND METHODS. The number of new users and new posts in the years 2008-2018 was examined, as well as the type of content and design of the selected 407 posts from 2009-2015. Categories according to Wolfe RM et al. (2002) were used for coding content and design of posts.
RESULTS. The number of users and posts was increasing for the first four years and then started to decrease. The most frequently discussed topic was the relation between vaccination and idiopathic illnesses (26.1%). The most common design was providing links to anti-vaccine sites (29.9%)
CONCLUSIONS. The content of the posts is very diverse and shows numerous users’ doubts. A significant part of the posts had a strongly emotional form. It would be important to regularly monitor various services and forms of communication on the Internet in terms of the content of anti-vaccinaton information.

STRESZCZENIE

WSTĘP. W Polsce widoczne jest umacnianie sceptycznych postaw wobec szczepień, a także instytucjonalizacja i upolitycznienie sceptycyzmu. Internet jest ważnym źródłem informacji o szczepieniach. Osoby, które szukają takich informacji mogą znaleźć w sieci opinie negatywne, dlatego ważne jest śledzenie zawartych tam treści. Nie ma krajowych badań na temat treści w Internecie będących w opozycji wobec szczepień
CEL PRACY. Charakterystyka tzw. postowania (tj. zamieszczania postów, czyli wiadomości) na forum internetowym „Nie szczepimy”.
MATERIAŁ I METODY. Badano liczbę nowych użytkowników i nowych postów na forum w latach lat 2008-2018 oraz rodzaj treści i formy wybranych 407 postów z lat 2009-2015. Do analizy treści i formy zastosowano klucz wg Wolfe RM i wsp. (2002).
WYNIKI. Liczba użytkowników i postów zwiększała się przez pierwsze cztery lata, a następnie malała. Najczęściej poruszaną tematyką był związek szczepień z chorobami idiopatycznymi (26,1%). Najczęstszą formą było podawanie linków do stron antyszczepionkowych (29,9%).
WNIOSKI. Treść postów jest bardzo różnorodna i pokazuje liczne wątpliwości użytkowników. Znaczna część postów miała silnie emocjonalną formę. Ważne byłoby regularne monitorowanie różnych usług i form komunikacji w Internecie pod kątem zawartości informacji antyszczepionkwoych.
Agricultural Policy: Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Nasution Faiz Albar , Fahreza Imam , Thamrin Muhammad Husni
Published: March 2024

In general, agriculture is a neutral sector in a country. In this case, many countries rely on the agricultural sector, where agriculture is the primary production in economic development, often referred to as agrarian countries. The main objective of agricultural policy is to maintain agricultural production by achieving economic benefits compatible with poverty reduction as a final reaction to meet the population's social needs with the least possible impact. Seeing the problems and opportunities in the agricultural sector that also have socio-political impacts, this research is vital to understanding the implications and implementation of agricultural policies. This research uses a bibliometric analysis method to see the research development with the keyword "agriculture policy" on Google Scholar search with a vulnerable time in 2020-2023, which produces data for as many as 155 articles. The results show that the publication trend regarding "agriculture policy" has critical players who are relevantly attracting scientists to study by looking at the trend of keywords that most often come out, making discussions about agricultural policy a form of literature that can be a reference or consideration in policy making. Thus, food policy research must also continue to be carried out to obtain new knowledge as a reference in advancing agriculture in the scope of science.
Edukasi Masyarakat Dalam Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Tentang Penyakit Hepatitis Akut Misterius Di Kelurahan Tanjung Merdeka Kota Makassar
Authors: Sididi Mansur , Andi Nurlinda  , Een Kurnaesih
Published: March 2024

In developed countries outbreaks often run very slowly, outbreaks with a "common source" pattern can spread quickly. Outbreaks due to the "Common source" pattern of transmission are related to food contaminated by food handlers and contaminated food products. The purpose of this activity is to increase public knowledge regarding acute hepatitis and how to prevent it. The method used in this activity is in the form of lectures, discussions and demonstrations. With a sample of 20 residents. The results obtained after the counseling that has been carried out is that the level of knowledge of residents increases about acute hepatitis and how to prevent it. Suggestions to residents are expected to disseminate information that has been obtained to other communities.
An Informed Choice?
Authors: De Rege Risa
Published: March 2024

This paper explores the regulations of homeopathy in Ontario, arguing that stricter governmental controls are needed to provide consumers with proper information in order to protect them from ineffective medical practices. Regarded as pseudoscience by the scientific community, homeopathy nonetheless has a large following, especially among individuals who have been let down by established healthcare systems. Ontario is the only province in Canada to regulate homeopaths, which provides more protection for consumers but also gives more credibility to the practice. There are significant gaps in communicating information about the practice, such as on practitioner websites and product packaging. Lawsuits and media investigations have argued that consumers are being dangerously misled; in line with this argument, I state that further regulations on homeopathy are necessary.
Stolen Pieces of Palestine
Authors: White Connor
Published: March 2024

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has led to the displacement of thousands of Palestinians from their homes, leaving behind furniture, books, documents, and other items relating to their cultural heritage. These items were captured by the invading Israeli forces and sealed away in their archives and libraries, where they remain to this day. Since this first phase of pillaging in 1948, Israel has continued to sequester away pieces of Palestinian cultural heritage which they collected during the Six-Day War and its repeated invasions into the Gaza Strip. This article examines the ways in which these items, particularly records and books, were seized by Israel and integrated into its archival infrastructure. Through acquisition, arrangement, description, and access, Israel and its archivists hold the power to create, transform, or destroy what remains of Palestine’s documentary heritage.
Building an Audience
Authors: Syed Seemin
Published: March 2024

While fan communities and their complexities have already been abstractly explored in scholarly literature, Asian web novel translation groups present an interesting space for analysis as a niche imported cultural product that was made widely accessible to English speakers by multilingual fans as part of a gift economy, rather than through market expansion by the novels’ intellectual property owners. Exploring the history of online web novel translation websites like Chrysanthemum Garden, Wuxiaworld, and WebNovel, this article uses a combination of the author’s first-hand experience as an editor of these translated works, as well as academic parallels in digital culture literature, to explore the transition of fan communities that value transformational work without capital to an emerging market demographic, ripe for labour and consumer exploitation.
THE OBJECTIVE SIDE OF THE COMPOSITION OF CRIMINAL OFFENSES ENCROACHING ON PHARMACEUTICAL ACTIVITY IN UKRAINE
Authors: FROLOVA OLENA , DEMCHENKO IVAN , KOVALEVSKA EVGENIIA , KOVAL OLGA , LUTSENKO IRYNA
Published: March 2024

The article examines the objective side of the composition of criminal offenses encroaching on pharmaceutical activity in Ukraine. Taking into account the peculiarities of activity and passivity in human behavior in the criminal offenses that encroach on pharmaceutical activity, the author proposes to single out the following groups of actions under the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which combine certain types of actions as mandatory signs of the objective side of the specified corpus delicti: 1) action and inaction (activity or passivity) associated with improper performance by a person of his professional duties in the field of pharmaceutical activity (pharmaceutical duties) as a result of negligent or dishonest attitude towards them (in other words, manifestations of the so-called “medical and/or pharmaceutical negligence”); 2) actions consisting in the disclosure of certain information related to pharmaceutical activity; 3) actions consisting in violation of the procedure for carrying out special medical and pharmaceutical “procedures” in the process of pharmaceutical service; 4) actions that violate the order of circulation of medicinal products. The author notes that certain types of criminal offenses that encroach on pharmaceutical activity are constructed as material, i.e., those where consequences (socially dangerous consequences) are a mandatory element. The article considers the consequences in the corpus delicti of the specified criminal offenses. The article focuses attention on the fact that certain criminal offenses that encroach on pharmaceutical activity include optional (alternative) features of the objective side, namely: the method of committing a certain act, the setting (situation) of committing a criminal offense, the place of committing a criminal offense.
PROBLEMS OF CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES IN THE CONDITIONS OF RECONSTRUCTION AND RESTORATION USING UNIVERSAL MACHINES
Authors: CHEBANOV LEONID , LEPSKA LIUBOV , CHEBANOV TARAS , SHANDRA OLENA , OSIPOV SERGEI , OSIPOVA ANASTASIA , CHERNENKO KOSTIANTYN
Published: March 2024

The article considers modern landscape and development vectors in the field of reconstruction and restoration where universal machines are applied. As practical examples, two options are considered: the technology of superstructure of the attic floor superstructure with enlarged metal block sections and superstructure of the attic floor from lightweight aerated concrete blocks. The possibilities of using BIM and robotics in reconstruction and restoration are analyzed.
Hunting, Planting and Malaria: How Cameroonian Ecosystems Changed the Basel Missionaries’ Worldviews
Authors: Lunkwitz Diana
Published: March 2024

How did the land change the missionary? Almost all early missionaries, sent by the Basel Mission to the African colony Kamerun of the German Empire, died of malaria ( Klimafieber). On the fourth day after arrival in 1886 the first missionary died. In any case, Cameroonian ecosystems reshaped the self-conception and worldviews of missionaries. They used hunter's language, romanticised and conquered the land and its imagined virgin forests; Basel missionaries became strangers to themselves – involved in plantation policy, violent against, but at the same time absolutely dependent on, the local population.

Most anthropological or historical studies on the Basel Mission and other Protestant missions in Cameroon focus on politics, economics, education and how the missionaries did change the land. However, how African agency influenced missionaries’ perspectives and activities is rarely acknowledged or discussed, which has so far limited historiographical works to a humanocentric understanding of mission.

The article explores how the worldviews of the missionaries (especially Friedrich Autenrieth, Paul Steiner and Heinrich Norden) were challenged by the natural environment. In particular, it investigates how concepts of God, mission, culture/nature and human were renegotiated and reshaped while working and travelling the land. This analysis of printed travelogues, novels and articles therefore combines the question of the missionaries’ reactions to climate, disease, fauna, flora and the montane environment with an examination of how these were presented to specific target groups.

To concentrate on the agency of African ecosystems consequently decentres the historiography of Christian mission that has separated the human from the non-human agency of nature.1
Ecological and economic assessment of sustainable spatial land management in the context of global climate change: economic and mathematical modeling
Authors: Mishenin Ye. , Dutchenko O. , Yarova I.
Published: March 2024

This article emphasises that the degree of anthropogenic (ecodestructive) impact on the state of agricultural production is the main criterion for assessing the development of sustainable spatial land management under certain ecological and economic constraints. The aim of the study is to model the ecological and economic assessment of the transformation of the territorial-spatial management of agricultural land at different levels of management, taking into account the impact of anthropogenic (ecodestructive) factors to ensure sustainable land use in the context of global climate change. Thus, the methodology of territorial-spatial analysis of the efficiency of transformation of modern agricultural land use and use of land and resource potential is aimed at determining its holistic assessment as a systemic and complex phenomenon. An economic-mathematical model for calculating the optimal structure of sown areas by placing crops between production structures of different levels of management, taking into account their susceptibility to the action of a particular ecodestructive (anthropogenic) factor, is proposed. The allocation of agricultural production based on the presented model implies redistribution of production of certain types of products, taking into account minimisation of economic losses from anthropogenic (ecodestructive) factors, in particular, industrial air pollution. The paper considers the possibilities of quantifying the economic consequences of climate change in the system of agricultural land use. It is proved that the assessment of economic losses from climate change in the system of sustainable agricultural land use requires the development of a system of cost standards that correspond to the input climate parameters. This article presents natural indicators and regional adjustment coefficients of agricultural production in case of an increase in the average annual air temperature by one degree, with differentiation by regions of Ukraine. An algorithm for economic assessment of the impact of changes in the thermal regime of the atmosphere on the efficiency of the crop production industry is presented. The proposed modelling of the territorialspatial improvement of agricultural land use efficiency is a methodological approach to assessing the environmental consequences of transforming the efficiency of management in agriculture in terms of reducing and preventing economic losses from anthropogenic (ecodestructive) factors in the context of global climate change. So, the practical implementation of the presented methodological approach to the economic assessment of the impact of global climate change on agriculture will allow to substantiate recommendations for the formation of a system of actions that would allow to avoid or at least reduce the negative climate impact.
State of protective forest plantations in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine
Authors: Martseniuk O.
Published: March 2024

This paper analyzes approaches of scholars to the interpretation of the essence of protective forest plantations (PFP) and provides the most appropriate definition. The most significant functions of PFP are analyzed, and their peculiarities in certain regions of Ukraine are highlighted. PFP play an important role in preserving the stability of landscapes, including agricultural ecosystems. They are important for soil improvement and perform significant ecological functions, contributing to the creation and improvement of microclimate in agro-landscapes: reducing wind speed and intensity of wind erosion in the summer, preventing the blowing of the upper, most fertile layer of soil; snow retention and reducing surface runoff, including both snowmelt and rainwater, which helps to preserve soil moisture and prevent water erosion. Existing protective forest plantations in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine are mainly formed from black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), common oak (Quercus robur L.), common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.), Canadian poplar (Populus canadensis Moench.), black poplar (Populus nigra L.), Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.), and sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.). It is concluded that the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine is characterized by a rapid loss of protective forest plantations due to fires and military actions. During 11 months of the war with Russia, 425 cases of forest fires were recorded in PFP on a total area of 754 ha in the occupied Zaporizhia region and 287 ha in the Kherson region. This is three times more than during the same period in 2021, and the average area of one fire has increased by 16 times. Fires in the Forest-Steppe are characterized by the concept of temporary sterilization of the soil, during dry burning, as a result of which the death of worms, insects and microorganisms occurs in these areas. In the post-war period, the development of the forest industry requires scientific support for the implementation of the state policy on sustainable forest management, increasing the forest resource potential, as well as the forest cover of Ukraine to an optimal level, improving the efficiency of forest production through the application of modern scientifically-based methods for forest restoration and cultivation and rational use of forest resources, protecting forests from fires, illegal logging, pests, and diseases.
Epigenetic regulation of microglia and neurons by proinflammatory signaling following adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure and in human AUD
Authors: Crews Fulton T. , Macht Victoria , Vetreno Ryan P.
Published: March 2024

Adolescent alcohol drinking is linked to high rates of adult alcohol problems and alcohol use disorder (AUD). The Neurobiology of Alcohol Drinking in Adulthood (NADIA) consortium adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) models adolescent binge drinking, followed by abstinent maturation to adulthood to determine the persistent AIE changes in neurobiology and behavior. AIE increases adult alcohol drinking and preference, increases anxiety and reward seeking, and disrupts sleep and cognition, all risks for AUD. In addition, AIE induces changes in neuroimmune gene expression in neurons and glia that alter neurocircuitry and behavior. HMGB1 is a unique neuroimmune signal released from neurons and glia by ethanol that activates multiple proinflammatory receptors, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), that spread proinflammatory gene induction. HMGB1 expression is increased by AIE in rat brain and in post-mortem human AUD brain, where it correlates with lifetime alcohol consumption. HMGB1 activation of TLR increase TLR expression. Human AUD brain and rat brain following AIE show increases in multiple TLRs. Brain regional differences in neurotransmitters and cell types impact ethanol responses and neuroimmune gene induction. Microglia are monocyte-like cells that provide trophic and synaptic functions, that ethanol proinflammatory signals sensitize or “prime” during repeated drinking cycles, impacting neurocircuitry. Neurocircuits are differently impacted dependent upon neuronal-glial signaling. Acetylcholine is an anti-inflammatory neurotransmitter. AIE increases HMGB1-TLR4 signaling in forebrain, reducing cholinergic neurons by silencing multiple cholinergic defining genes through upregulation of RE-1 silencing factor (REST), a transcription inhibitor known to regulate neuronal differentiation. HMGB1 REST induction reduces cholinergic neurons in basal forebrain and cholinergic innervation of hippocampus. Adult brain hippocampal neurogenesis is regulated by a neurogenic niche formed from multiple cells. In vivo AIE and in vitro studies find ethanol increases HMGB1-TLR4 signaling and other proinflammatory signaling as well as reducing trophic factors, NGF, and BDNF, coincident with loss of the cholinergic synapse marker vChAT. These changes in gene expression-transcriptomes result in reduced adult neurogenesis. Excitingly, HMGB1 antagonists, anti-inflammatories, and epigenetic modifiers like histone deacetylase inhibitors restore trophic the neurogenesis. These findings suggest anti-inflammatory and epigenetic drugs should be considered for AUD therapy and may provide long-lasting reversal of psychopathology.
A network-based method for associating genes with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Zadok Neta , Ast Gil , Sharan Roded
Published: March 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heritable complex disease that affects 1% of the population, yet its underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Here we study the problem of predicting causal genes for ASD by combining genome-scale data with a network propagation approach. We construct a predictor that integrates multiple omic data sets that assess genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic associations with ASD. In cross validation our predictor yields mean area under the ROC curve of 0.87 and area under the precision-recall curve of 0.89. We further show that it outperforms previous gene-level predictors of autism association. Finally, we show that we can use the model to predict genes associated with Schizophrenia which is known to share genetic components with ASD.
Organic mass and protein extraction from secondary sewage sludge via multi-step physical alkali- and acid-based treatment
Authors: Skripsts Eriks , Klaucans Elvis , Mezule Linda
Published: March 2024

The perception of sewage sludge has been shifting from waste to resource, leading to various technological proposals for its management and resource recovery. This study explores a two-step sewage sludge treatment using different pathways—physical-alkali followed by physical-acid, and physical-acid followed by physical-alkali hydrolysis—to understand the efficiency of organic matter (OM) and Kjeldahl nitrogen extraction, and protein solubilization. Hydrolysis of the sewage sludge was performed with 3 M H2SO4 and 2.8 M NaOH and combined with physical treatment—thermal, ultrasonication, microwave irradiation, and cavitation. The results showed that cavitation chemical hydrolysis in an alkaline environment (CCH-alkali) extracted the highest amount of OM—up to 79.0%. When further cavitation chemical hydrolysis in an acid environment (CCH alkali–acid) was performed, OM extraction reached 90.2%. Physical-alkali treatment showed better performance in resource recovery from secondary sludge (SS) in both treatment steps. The highest protein extraction rate of 23,046 mg/L in the supernatant was obtained using SS treatment with microwave chemical hydrolysis in an alkaline environment (MCH-alkali). Although physical-acid treatment resulted in reduced protein solubilization and OM extraction, it provides a higher protein hydrolysis rate. Organic nitrogen compounds were better extracted with thermal-alkali treatment, reaching 95.3% removal. The study showed that different physical treatment methods demonstrate selective resource recovery or extraction performance.
An ultra-sensitive biosensor based on surface plasmon resonance and weak value amplification
Authors: Zhang Lizhong , He Mingyi , Xu Yang , Guo Cuixia , Zhou Chongqi , Guan Tian
Published: March 2024

An ultra-sensitive phase plasmonic sensor combined with weak value amplification is proposed for the detection of IgG, as a model analyte. Phase detection is accomplished by self-interference between the p-polarization and the s-polarization of the light. With the principles of weak value amplification, a phase compensator is used to modulate the coupling strength and enhance the refractive index sensitivity of the system. On a simple Au-coated prism-coupled surface plasmon resonance (SPR) structure, the scheme, called WMSPR, achieves a refractive index sensitivity of 4.737 × 104 nm/RIU, which is about three times higher than that of the conventional phase-based approach. The proposed WMSPR biosensor gives great characteristics with a high resolution of 6.333 × 10−8 RIU and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 5.3 ng/mL. The results yield a great scope to promote the optimization of other SPR biosensors for high sensitivity.
An agency-based model of executive and metacognitive regulation
Authors: Tomasello Michael
Published: March 2024

In the context of agentive decision making and action, both executive and metacognitive processes serve self-regulatory functions—just on different hierarchical tiers. In the agency-based model proposed here executive processes monitor and control action and attention from an executive tier of operation, and metacognitive processes monitor and control those executive processes from a second-order metacognitive tier of operation-both with the function of facilitating effective and efficient behavioral decisions. Each is best conceptualized as comprising three key components: (i) what is regulated, (ii) how, via what processes, is it regulated, and (iii) where, in what cognitive workspace, is it regulated—either in individual or in shared agencies. Developmentally, evidence is presented that executive processes for regulating both individual and joint agencies emerge only after 9–12 months of age, and metacognitive processes for regulating both individual and collective agencies emerge only after 3–4 years of age. Cognitive flexibility, as an important outcome, derives from the child's attempts to metacognitively regulate differing social perspectives within shared agencies.
Adaptation and psychometric properties of a brief version of the general self-efficacy scale for use with artificial intelligence (GSE-6AI) among university students
Authors: Morales-García Wilter C. , Sairitupa-Sanchez Liset Z. , Morales-García Sandra B. , Morales-García Mardel
Published: March 2024

Background

Individual beliefs about one’s ability to carry out tasks and face challenges play a pivotal role in academic and professional formation. In the contemporary technological landscape, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is effecting profound changes across multiple sectors. Adaptation to this technology varies greatly among individuals. The integration of AI in the educational setting has necessitated a tool that measures self-efficacy concerning the adoption and use of this technology.

Objective

To adapt and validate a short version of the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE-6) for self-efficacy in the use of Artificial Intelligence (GSE-6AI) in a university student population.

Methods

An instrumental study was conducted with the participation of 469 medical students aged between 18 and 29 (M = 19.71; SD = 2.47). The GSE-6 was adapted to the AI context, following strict translation and cultural adaptation procedures. Its factorial structure was evaluated through confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA). Additionally, the factorial invariance of the scale based on gender was studied.

Results

The GSE-6AI exhibited a unidimensional structure with excellent fit indices. All item factorial loads surpassed the recommended threshold, and both Cronbach’s Alpha (α) and McDonald’s Omega (ω) achieved a value of 0.91. Regarding factorial invariance by gender, the scale proved to maintain its structure and meaning in both men and women.

Conclusion

The adapted GSE-6AI version is a valid and reliable tool for measuring self-efficacy in the use of Artificial Intelligence among university students. Its unidimensional structure and gender-related factorial invariance make it a robust and versatile tool for future research and practical applications in educational and technological contexts.
Fostering student engagement with criticism feedback: importance, contrasting perspectives and key provisions
Authors: Rabbani Lutfieh M. , Husain Salwa Habib
Published: March 2024

Criticism, or critical feedback, is considered rich bits of information about the student’s weaknesses, thinking, and learning. Despite its importance as part of formative assessment processes, this type of feedback is especially challenging for teachers to communicate as well as for students to uptake. The current conceptual analysis therefore highlights the substantial role that criticism plays in advancing students’ learning and progress. It presents a wide range of contrasting perspectives toward criticism to show how it is perceived differently. Lastly, the article identifies key provisions that are necessary for critical feedback to be constructed, presented, interpreted, and utilized in constructive and nonthreatening ways, which subsequently help trigger learner’s positive reactions and engagement with the received information. These provisions help create a community of practice where objective, informative, transparent, and engaging criticism can be given, respected, negotiated, and benefited from. The implications of these provisions for practice are discussed.
Parvalbumin, calbindin, and calretinin immunostaining of 10 neural structures within the cerebellar cortex of 143 mammal species
Authors: Bhagwandin Adhil , Sherwood Chet C. , Hof Patrick R. , Bertlesen Mads. F. , Alagaili Abdulaziz N. , Mohammed Osama B. , Bennett Nigel C. , Kaswera-Kyamakya Consolate , Gilissen Emmanuel , Manger Paul R.
Published: March 2024

In the current study we employed immunohistochemical techniques to investigate the localisation of three calcium-binding proteins (parvalbumin, calbindin, and calretinin) in 10 neuronal structures of the cerebellar cortex (stellate cells, basket cells, parallel fibres, climbing fibres, Purkinje cells, granule cells, Golgi type II cells, Lugaro neurons, unipolar brush neurons, and mossy fibres) in 143 species from across the mammalian radiation. Most often, parvalbumin was localised in the neural structures of the molecular and Purkinje cell layers but was absent in the granule cell layer. Calbindin was most often immunolocalised in the neural structures of the Purkinje cell layer and mossy fibres, whereas calretinin was most often immunolocalised in the climbing fibres of the molecular layer and all neural structures of the granule cell layer. Despite this general consistency, variations in the localisation of these three calcium-binding proteins were found in every lineage, and almost every species, the one exception being the western tree hyrax that showed the full suite of most often observed calcium-binding protein chemoarchitecture for the mammalian cerebellar cortex. These consistencies and variances in the calcium-binding protein chemoarchitecture of the cerebellar cortex of mammals may play significant roles in the species-specific learning and refining of motor, perceptual, and cognitive skills and capacities required to survive in the environments they inhabit.
Participation in collaborative fisheries research improves the perceptions of recreational anglers towards marine protected areas
Authors: Johnston Erin M. , Waltz Grant T. , Kosaka Rosamaria , Brauer Ellie M. , Ziegler Shelby L. , Jarvis Mason Erica T. , Glanz Hunter S. , Zaragoza Lauren , Kellum Allison N. , Brooks Rachel O. , Semmens Brice X. , Honeyman Christopher J. , Caselle Jennifer E. , Bellquist Lyall F. , Small Sadie L. , Morgan Steven G. , Mulligan Timothy J. , Coscino Connor L. , Staton Jay M. , Starr Richard M. , Hamilton Scott L. , Ruttenberg Benjamin I. , Wendt Dean E.
Published: March 2024

Collaborative fisheries research programs engage stakeholders in data collection efforts, often with the benefit of increasing transparency about the status and management of natural resources. These programs are particularly important in marine systems, where management of recreational and commercial fisheries have historically been contentious. One such program is the California Collaborative Fisheries Research Program (CCFRP), which was designed in 2006 to engage recreational anglers in the scientific process and evaluate the efficacy of California’s network of marine protected areas. CCFRP began on the Central Coast of California and expanded statewide in 2017 to include six partner institutions in three regions: Northern, Central, and Southern California. To date, over 2,000 volunteer anglers have participated in the program, with many anglers volunteering for multiple years. However, the impacts of outreach, education, and collaborative research on those anglers at the statewide scale are currently unknown. Thus, the objective of the current study was to survey the statewide pool of volunteer anglers to assess the degree to which participation in CCFRP has influenced angler perceptions of MPAs, fisheries management, and conservation. We received 259 completed surveys out of a pool of 1,386 active anglers, equating to an 18.7% response rate. Participation in CCFRP resulted in a significant, positive impact on anglers’ attitudes towards MPAs in California across all regions. Anglers who participated in six or more CCFRP fishing trips had a more positive perception of MPAs than those who participated in fewer trips. Volunteer anglers across all regions perceived that they caught larger fishes, a higher abundance of fishes, and a greater diversity of species inside MPAs, consistent with the ecological findings of the program. These results highlight the benefits of involving community members in collaborative scientific research. Collaboration between researchers and the broader community increases transparency and trust between stakeholders, and results in greater understanding of natural resource dynamics, ultimately producing better management outcomes.
The promise and challenges of multi-cancer early detection assays for reducing cancer disparities
Authors: Thompson Cheryl L. , Baskin Monica L.
Published: March 2024

Since improvements in cancer screening, diagnosis, and therapeutics, cancer disparities have existed. Marginalized populations (e.g., racial and ethnic minorities, sexual and gender minorities, lower-income individuals, those living in rural areas, and persons living with disabilities) have worse cancer-related outcomes. Early detection of cancer substantially improves outcomes, yet uptake of recommended cancer screenings varies widely. Multi-cancer early detection (MCED) tests use biomarkers in the blood to detect two or more cancers in a single assay. These assays show potential for population screening for some cancers—including those disproportionally affecting marginalized communities. MCEDs may also reduce access barriers to early detection, a primary factor in cancer-related outcome disparities. However, for the promise of MCEDs to be realized, during their development and testing, we are obligated to be cautious to design them in a way that reduces the myriad of structural, systematic, and personal barriers contributing to disparities. Further, they must not create new barriers. Population studies and clinical trials should include diverse populations, and tests must work equally well in all populations. The tests must be affordable. It is critical that we establish trust within marginalized communities, the healthcare system, and the MCED tests themselves. Tests should be expected to have high specificity, as a positive MCED finding will trigger additional, oftentimes invasive and expensive, imaging or other diagnosis tests and/or biopsies. Finally, there should be a way to help all individuals with a positive test to navigate the system for follow-up diagnostics and treatment, if warranted, that is accessible to all.
Benign Brenner tumor of the ovary: two-dimensional and contrast-enhanced ultrasound features—a retrospective study from a single center
Authors: Chen Mei , Liao Shusheng , Cao Yong , Mao Meiya , Jia Xiupeng , Zhang Shengmin , Xu Youfeng
Published: March 2024

Objective

Benign Brenner tumor (BBT) is a rare ovarian tumor, and there are few discrete reports about its manifestation in an ultrasound. This study sought to investigate the two-dimensional (2D) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) features of this entity.

Methods

This is a retrospective single-center study. The clinical manifestations, laboratory examination, and ultrasound data of 25 female patients with BBT were confirmed by pathology when they underwent 2D and/or CEUS examination at Ningbo First Hospital from January 2012 to June 2023. The ultrasound findings of the patients were analyzed using the terminology of the International Organization for the Analysis of Ovarian Tumor and were read by two senior sonographers who reached an agreement.

Results

Among the all 25 patients, most of them were unilateral, and only one patient was bilateral. Thus, 26 lesions were found: 44.0% (11/25) were in the left and 52.0% (13/25) were in the right. Moreover, 53.84% (14/26) were solid lesions, 15.38% (4/26) were mixed lesions, and 26.92% (7/26) were cystic lesions. Among the solid-type patients, 42.85% (6/14) of the cases were with calcification. Upon laboratory examination, 12.0% (3/25) of the patients had high carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA-125) level, and 19.04% (4/21) of the patients had an elevated carbohydrate antigen724 (CA-724) level in the serum tumor markers. In the hormone test, 14.28% (3/21) were found to have a high postmenopausal estrogen level and 14.28%(3/21) were found to have a high level of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). One patient with complex manifestations and three with solid manifestations were examined by CEUS to observe the microcirculation perfusion of the tumor. One with solid and cystic separation was rapidly hyperenhanced and cleared, and the filling subsided faster than the uterus. The postoperative pathological diagnosis was benign Brenner tumor with mucinous cystadenoma. The other three cases were solid adnexal lesions, which showed isoenhancement on CEUS and disappeared slowly, synchronizing with the uterus. The CEUS results were considered as benign tumors and confirmed by pathology.

Conclusions

BBT can show ovarian cystic, mixed cystic and solid type, and solid echo in 2D ultrasound. Unilateral ovarian fibrosis with punctate calcification is an important feature of BBT in 2D ultrasound. However, for solid adnexal masses and mixed cystic and solid masses with unclear diagnosis, if CEUS shows isoenhancement or hyperenhancement, the possibility of BBT cannot be excluded.
Integrated chemical characterization, metabolite profiling, and pharmacokinetics analysis of Zhijun Tangshen Decoction by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS
Authors: Tong Qingheng , Chang Yueyue , Shang Guanxiong , Yin Jiu , Zhou Xiaoqi , Wang Suwei , Yan Xiaofeng , Zhang Fangfang , Wang Suqin , Yao Weifeng
Published: March 2024

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the main cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide and a major public issue affecting the health of people. Therefore, it is essential to explore effective drugs for the treatment of DN. In this study, the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, Zhijun Tangshen Decoction (ZJTSD), a prescription modified from the classical formula Didang Decoction, has been used in the clinical treatment of DN. However, the chemical basis underlying the therapeutic effects of ZJTSD in treating DN remains unknown. In this study, compounds of ZJTSD and serum after oral administration in rats were identified and analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS). Meanwhile, a semi-quantitative approach was used to analyze the dynamic changes in the compounds of ZJTSD in vivo. UPLC-Q/TOF-MS analysis identified 190 compounds from ZJTSD, including flavonoids, anthraquinones, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, and other categories. A total of 156 xenobiotics and metabolites, i.e., 51 prototype compounds and 105 metabolites, were identified from the compounds absorbed into the blood of rats treated with ZJTSD. The results further showed that 23 substances with high relative content, long retention time, and favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics in vivo deserved further investigations and validations of bioactivities. In conclusion, this study revealed the chemical basis underlying the complexity of ZJTSD and investigated the metabolite profiling and pharmacokinetics of ZJTSD-related xenobiotics in rats, thus providing a foundation for further investigation into the pharmacodynamic substance basis and metabolic regulations of ZJTSD.
Aethionema arabicum dimorphic seed trait resetting during transition to seedlings
Authors: Arshad Waheed , Steinbrecher Tina , Wilhelmsson Per K.I. , Fernandez-Pozo Noe , Pérez Marta , Mérai Zsuzsanna , Rensing Stefan A. , Chandler Jake O. , Leubner-Metzger Gerhard
Published: March 2024

The transition from germinating seeds to emerging seedlings is one of the most vulnerable plant life cycle stages. Heteromorphic diaspores (seed and fruit dispersal units) are an adaptive bet-hedging strategy to cope with spatiotemporally variable environments. While the roles and mechanisms of seedling traits have been studied in monomorphic species, which produce one type of diaspore, very little is known about seedlings in heteromorphic species. Using the dimorphic diaspore model Aethionema arabicum (Brassicaceae), we identified contrasting mechanisms in the germination responses to different temperatures of the mucilaginous seeds (M+ seed morphs), the dispersed indehiscent fruits (IND fruit morphs), and the bare non-mucilaginous M− seeds obtained from IND fruits by pericarp (fruit coat) removal. What follows the completion of germination is the pre-emergence seedling growth phase, which we investigated by comparative growth assays of early seedlings derived from the M+ seeds, bare M− seeds, and IND fruits. The dimorphic seedlings derived from M+ and M− seeds did not differ in their responses to ambient temperature and water potential. The phenotype of seedlings derived from IND fruits differed in that they had bent hypocotyls and their shoot and root growth was slower, but the biomechanical hypocotyl properties of 15-day-old seedlings did not differ between seedlings derived from germinated M+ seeds, M− seeds, or IND fruits. Comparison of the transcriptomes of the natural dimorphic diaspores, M+ seeds and IND fruits, identified 2,682 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during late germination. During the subsequent 3 days of seedling pre-emergence growth, the number of DEGs was reduced 10-fold to 277 root DEGs and 16-fold to 164 shoot DEGs. Among the DEGs in early seedlings were hormonal regulators, in particular for auxin, ethylene, and gibberellins. Furthermore, DEGs were identified for water and ion transporters, nitrate transporter and assimilation enzymes, and cell wall remodeling protein genes encoding enzymes targeting xyloglucan and pectin. We conclude that the transcriptomes of seedlings derived from the dimorphic diaspores, M+ seeds and IND fruits, undergo transcriptional resetting during the post-germination pre-emergence growth transition phase from germinated diaspores to growing seedlings.
Democratization through precision technologies? Unveiling power, participation, and property rights in the agricultural bioeconomy
Authors: Hackfort Sarah
Published: March 2024

This piece addresses the political dimension of sustainability in the agricultural bioeconomy by focusing on power, participation, and property rights around key technologies. Bioeconomy policies aim to establish economic systems based on renewable resources such as plants and microorganisms to reduce dependence on fossil resources. To achieve this, they rely on economic growth and increased biomass production through high-tech innovations. This direction has sparked important critique of the environmental and social sustainability of such projects. However, little attention has been paid in the bioeconomy literature to the political dimension surrounding key precision technologies such as data-driven precision agriculture (PA) or precision breeding technologies using new genomic techniques (NGT). The political dimension includes questions of power, participation, and property rights regarding these technologies and the distribution of the benefits and burdens they generate. This lack of attention is particularly pertinent given the recurring and promising claims that precision technologies not only enhance environmental sustainability, but also contribute to the democratization of food and biomass production. This contribution addresses this claim in asking whether we can really speak of a democratization of the agricultural bioeconomy through these precision technologies. Drawing on (own) empirical research and historical evidence, it concludes that current patterns are neither driving nor indicative of a democratization. On the contrary, corporate control, unequal access, distribution, and property rights over data and patents point to few gains for small firms and breeders, but to a reproduction of farmers' dependencies, and less transparency for consumers.