bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meridional Survey of the Central Pacific Reveals Iodide Accumulation in Equatorial Surface Waters and Benthic Sources in the Abyssal Plain
Authors: Moriyasu Rintaro , Bolster Kenneth M. , Hardisty Dalton S. , Kadko David C. , Stephens Mark P. , Moffett James W.
Published: February 2023

The distributions of iodate and iodide were measured along the GEOTRACES GP15 meridional transect at 152°W from the shelf of Alaska to Papeete, Tahiti. The transect included oxygenated waters near the shelf of Alaska, the full water column in the central basin in the North Pacific Basin, the upper water column spanning across seasonally mixed regimes in the north, oligotrophic regimes in the central gyre, and the equatorial upwelling. Iodide concentrations are highest in the permanently stratified tropical mixed layers, which reflect accumulation due to light‐dependent biological processes, and decline rapidly below the euphotic zone. Vertical mixing coefficients (Kz), derived from complementary 7Be data, enabled iodide oxidation rates to be estimated at two stations. Iodide half‐lives of 3–4 years show the importance of seasonal mixing processes in explaining north‐south differences in the transect, and also contribute to the decrease in iodide concentrations with depth below the mixed layer. These estimated half‐lives are consistent with a recent global iodine model. No evidence was found for significant inputs of iodine from the Alaskan continental margin, but there is a significant enrichment of iodide in bottom waters overlying deep sea sediments from the interior of the basin.
Lower Hybrid Waves in High Altitude Echoes of the Topside Equatorial Ionosphere
Authors: Derghazarian S. , Rojas E. L. , Hysell D. L. , Seyler C. E.
Published: February 2023

We investigate the mechanism underlying lower hybrid waves associated with high altitude echoes recently detected in the post‐sunset equatorial topside ionosphere and inner plasmasphere by the Jicamarca VHF radar. These waves are visible as prominent sidebands in the echo Doppler spectra. New experimental results and newly processed incoherent scatter radar (ISR) datasets are presented that provide clues as to the conditions in which the echoes and associated waves occur. Numerical simulations are presented which demonstrate the feasibility of an inverse energy cascade coupled with a short wavelength instability, that is, the lower hybrid drift instability, in explaining the waves. An inverse cascade is required for short wavelength lower hybrid waves to extend to the 3 m wavelengths measured by the Jicamarca radar. The simulations were able to reproduce some features of the measurements including the lower hybrid sidebands at 3 m wavelengths, asymmetry in the sidebands, and the damping effect of higher densities and lower altitudes.
Maternal preconception circulating blood biomarker mixtures, child behavioural symptom scores and the potential mediating role of neonatal brain microstructure: the S-PRESTO cohort
Authors: Huang Jian , Tan Ai Peng , Law Evelyn , Godfrey Keith M. , Qiu Anqi , Daniel Lourdes Mary , Fortier Marielle , Tan Kok Hian , Chan Jerry Kok Yen , Cameron-Smith David , Chong Yap Seng , Chan Shiao-Yng , Eriksson Johan G. , Meaney Michael J. , Huang Jonathan
Published: February 2023

Human brain development starts in the embryonic period. Maternal preconception nutrition and nutrient availability to the embryo may influence brain development at this critical period following conception and early cellular differentiation, thereby affecting offspring neurodevelopmental and behavioural disorder risk. However, studying this is challenging due to difficulties in characterizing preconception nutritional status and few studies have objective neurodevelopmental imaging measures in children. We investigated the associations of maternal preconception circulating blood nutrient-related biomarker mixtures (~15 weeks before conception) with child behavioural symptoms (Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL), aged 3 years) within the Singapore Preconception Study of Long-Term Maternal and Child Outcomes (S-PRESTO) study. The CBCL preschool form evaluates child behaviours based on syndrome scales and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) oriented scales. These scales consist of internalizing problems, externalizing problems, anxiety problems, pervasive developmental problems, oppositional defiant, etc. We applied data-driven clustering and a method for modelling mixtures (Bayesian kernel machine regression, BKMR) to account for complex, non-linear dependencies between 67 biomarkers. We used effect decomposition analyses to explore the potential mediating role of neonatal (week 1) brain microstructure, specifically orientation dispersion indices (ODI) of 49 cortical and subcortical grey matter regions. We found that higher levels of a nutrient cluster including thiamine, thiamine monophosphate (TMP), pyridoxal phosphate, pyridoxic acid, and pyridoxal were associated with a higher CBCL score for internalizing problems (posterior inclusion probability (PIP) = 0.768). Specifically, thiamine independently influenced CBCL (Conditional PIP = 0.775). Higher maternal preconception thiamine level was also associated with a lower right subthalamic nucleus ODI (P-value = 0.01) while a lower right subthalamic nucleus ODI was associated with higher CBCL scores for multiple domains (P-value < 0.05). One potential mechanism is the suboptimal metabolism of free thiamine to active vitamin B1, but additional follow-up and replication studies in other cohorts are needed.
Association of time spent in outdoor light and genetic risk with the incidence of depression
Authors: Lin Jing , Yang Hongxi , Zhang Yuan , Cao Zhi , Li Dun , Sun Li , Zhang Xinyu , Wang Yaogang
Published: February 2023

Depression is the consequence of both environment and genes working together. Genetic factors increase depression risk, but it is unclear whether this association can be offset by time spent in outdoor light. The study was undertaken to investigate the optimal time spent in outdoor light for lowering the risk of depression and the joint association of time spent in outdoor light and depression genetic risk. In UK Biobank, 380,976 depression-free individuals were included in this study. Polygenic risk score (PRS) was categorized into three groups in terms of tertiles. Time spent in outdoor light on a typical day in summer or winter originated from the questionnaire survey. Depression was defined as hospital admission. The potential dose-response relationship between time spent in outdoor light and depression risk was shown by a restricted cubic spline. Data were analyzed using Cox regressions and Laplace regression. After the median follow-up of 12.6 years, 13,636 individuals suffered from depression in the end. A nonlinear (J-shaped relationship) trend was observed between time spent in outdoor light and depression risk. On average, 1.5 h/day of outdoor light was related to the minimum risk of depression. Individuals below and above this optimal time both had elevated depression risk (below, HR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02–1.16; above, HR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.07–1.20), and the time to incident depression were both shortened by 0.46 years (50th percentile differences [PD] = −0.46, 95% CI: −0.78, −0.14) and 0.63 years (50th PD = −0.63, 95% CI: −0.90, −0.35) years, respectively. In a comparison of individuals with the lowest tertile of PRS and average 1.5 h/day outdoor light, the HRs and 95% CIs of depression were 1.36 (1.21–1.53) and 1.43 (1.29–1.58) in those with the highest tertile of PRS and below/above this reference value, respectively. Significant multiplicative interactions were observed between intermediate genetic risks and longer time spent in outdoor light. We found that an average of 1.5 h/day spent in outdoor light was associated with a lower depression risk whatever the degree of depression genetic predisposition. Moderate time spent in outdoor light may contribute to a decreased depression risk even among people with a higher genetic risk of depression.
Metformin induces pyroptosis in leptin receptor-defective hepatocytes via overactivation of the AMPK axis
Authors: Liu Bingli , Xu Jingyuan , Lu Linyao , Gao Lili , Zhu Shengjuan , Sui Yi , Cao Ting , Yang Tao
Published: February 2023

Metformin is the biguanide of hepatic insulin sensitizer for patients with non-alcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Findings regarding its efficacy in restoring blood lipids and liver histology have been contradictory. In this study, we explore metformin’s preventive effects on NAFLD in leptin-insensitive individuals. We used liver tissue, serum exosomes and isolated hepatocytes from high-fat diet (HFD)-induced Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats and leptin receptor (Lepr) knockout rats to investigate the correlation between hepatic Lepr defective and liver damage caused by metformin. Through immunostaining, RT-PCR and glucose uptake monitoring, we showed that metformin treatment activates adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its downstream cytochrome C oxidase (CCO). This leads to overactivation of glucose catabolism-related genes, excessive energy repertoire consumption, and subsequent hepatocyte pyroptosis. Single-cell RNA sequencing further confirmed the hyper-activation of glucose catabolism after metformin treatment. Altogether, we showed that functional Lepr is necessary for metformin treatment to be effective, and that long-term metformin treatment might promote NAFLD progression in leptin-insensitive individuals. This provides important insight into the clinical application of metformin.
Myelodysplastic Syndrome associated TET2 mutations affect NK cell function and genome methylation
Authors: Boy Maxime , Bisio Valeria , Zhao Lin-Pierre , Guidez Fabien , Schell Bérénice , Lereclus Emilie , Henry Guylaine , Villemonteix Juliette , Rodrigues-Lima Fernando , Gagne Katia , Retiere Christelle , Larcher Lise , Kim Rathana , Clappier Emmanuelle , Sebert Marie , Mekinian Arsène , Fain Olivier , Caignard Anne , Espeli Marion , Balabanian Karl , Toubert Antoine , Fenaux Pierre , Ades Lionel , Dulphy Nicolas
Published: February 2023

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal hematopoietic disorders, representing high risk of progression to acute myeloid leukaemia, and frequently associated to somatic mutations, notably in the epigenetic regulator TET2. Natural Killer (NK) cells play a role in the anti-leukemic immune response via their cytolytic activity. Here we show that patients with MDS clones harbouring mutations in the TET2 gene are characterised by phenotypic defects in their circulating NK cells. Remarkably, NK cells and MDS clones from the same patient share the TET2 genotype, and the NK cells are characterised by increased methylation of genomic DNA and reduced expression of Killer Immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR), perforin, and TNF-α. In vitro inhibition of TET2 in NK cells of healthy donors reduces their cytotoxicity, supporting its critical role in NK cell function. Conversely, NK cells from patients treated with azacytidine (#NCT02985190; https://clinicaltrials.gov/) show increased KIR and cytolytic protein expression, and IFN-γ production. Altogether, our findings show that, in addition to their oncogenic consequences in the myeloid cell subsets, TET2 mutations contribute to repressing NK-cell function in MDS patients.
Rational design of N-heterocyclic compound classes via regenerative cyclization of diamines
Authors: Fertig Robin , Leowsky-Künstler Felix , Irrgang Torsten , Kempe Rhett
Published: February 2023

The discovery of reactions is a central topic in chemistry and especially interesting if access to compound classes, which have not yet been synthesized, is permitted. N-Heterocyclic compounds are very important due to their numerous applications in life and material science. We introduce here a consecutive three-component reaction, classes of N-heterocyclic compounds, and the associated synthesis concept (regenerative cyclisation). Our reaction starts with a diamine, which reacts with an amino alcohol via dehydrogenation, condensation, and cyclisation to form a new pair of amines that undergoes ring closure with an aldehyde, carbonyldiimidazole, or a dehydrogenated amino alcohol. Hydrogen is liberated in the first reaction step and the dehydrogenation catalyst used is based on manganese.
Topological dual and extended relations between networks of clathrate hydrates and Frank-Kasper phases
Authors: Chen Yong , Takeya Satoshi , Sum Amadeu K.
Published: February 2023

Clathrate hydrates are a class of ordered structures that are stabilized via the delicate balance of hydrophobic interactions between water and guest molecules, of which the space-filling network of hydrogen-bonded (H-bonded) water molecules are closely related to tetrahedrally close-packed structures, known as Frank-Kasper (FK) phases. Here we report an alternative way to understand the intricate structures of clathrate hydrates, which unveils the diverse crystalline H-bonded networks that can be generated via assembly of one common building block. In addition to the intrinsic relations and pathways linking these crystals, we further illustrate the rich structural possibilities of clathrate hydrates. Given that the topological dual relations between networks of clathrate hydrates and tetrahedral close-packed structures, the descriptors presented for clathrate hydrates can be directly extended to other ordered materials for a more thorough understanding of their nucleation, phases transition, and co-existence mechanisms.
A scoping review of the impacts of COVID-19 physical distancing measures on vulnerable population groups
Authors: Li Lili , Taeihagh Araz , Tan Si Ying
Published: February 2023

Most governments have enacted physical or social distancing measures to control COVID-19 transmission. Yet little is known about the socio-economic trade-offs of these measures, especially for vulnerable populations, who are exposed to increased risks and are susceptible to adverse health outcomes. To examine the impacts of physical distancing measures on the most vulnerable in society, this scoping review screened 39,816 records and synthesised results from 265 studies worldwide documenting the negative impacts of physical distancing on older people, children/students, low-income populations, migrant workers, people in prison, people with disabilities, sex workers, victims of domestic violence, refugees, ethnic minorities, and people from sexual and gender minorities. We show that prolonged loneliness, mental distress, unemployment, income loss, food insecurity, widened inequality and disruption of access to social support and health services were unintended consequences of physical distancing that impacted these vulnerable groups and highlight that physical distancing measures exacerbated the vulnerabilities of different vulnerable populations.
Monolayer Kagome metals AV3Sb5
Authors: Kim Sun-Woo , Oh Hanbit , Moon Eun-Gook , Kim Youngkuk
Published: February 2023

Recently, layered kagome metals AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb, and Cs) have emerged as a fertile platform for exploring frustrated geometry, correlations, and topology. Here, using first-principles and mean-field calculations, we demonstrate that AV3Sb5 can crystallize in a mono-layered form, revealing a range of properties that render the system unique. Most importantly, the two-dimensional monolayer preserves intrinsically different symmetries from the three-dimensional layered bulk, enforced by stoichiometry. Consequently, the van Hove singularities, logarithmic divergences of the electronic density of states, are enriched, leading to a variety of competing instabilities such as doublets of charge density waves and s- and d-wave superconductivity. We show that the competition between orders can be fine-tuned in the monolayer via electron-filling of the van Hove singularities. Thus, our results suggest the monolayer kagome metal AV3Sb5 as a promising platform for designer quantum phases.
Anti-biofilm effects and healing promotion by silver oxynitrate-based dressings
Authors: Doherty Christopher , Byrne Charlotte V. , Baqader Sajwa , El-Chami Cecile , McBain Andrew J. , Thomason Helen A.
Published: February 2023

Microbial growth within a wound often manifests as biofilms, which can prevent healing and is difficult to eradicate. Novel silver dressings claim to combat wound infection, but anti-biofilm efficacy and effects on healing independent of infection are often unclear. Usingin vitroandin vivo S. aureusandP. aeruginosabiofilm models, we report the efficacy of a dressing which produces Ag1+ions; an Ag1+dressing containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and benzethonium chloride (Ag1+/EDTA/BC), and a dressing containing silver oxynitrate (Ag Oxysalts) which produces Ag1+, Ag2+and Ag3+ions, against wound biofilms, and their effects on healing. Ag1+dressings had minimal effect onin vitroand murine (C57BL/6j) wound biofilms. In contrast, Ag Oxysalts and Ag1+/EDTA/BC dressings significantly reduced viable bacteria withinin vitrobiofilms and demonstrated a visible reduction in bacteria and EPS components within murine wound biofilms. The dressings had different effects on the healing of biofilm-infected and uninfected wounds, with Ag Oxysalts dressings having a greater beneficial effect on re-epithelialisation, wound size and inflammation than the control treatment and the other silver dressings. The different physicochemical properties of the silver dressings result in varied effects on wound biofilms and healing which should be considered when selecting dressings to treat biofilm-infected wounds.
Effects of microplastics and surfactants on surface roughness of water waves
Authors: Sun Yukun , Bakker Thomas , Ruf Christopher , Pan Yulin
Published: February 2023

We study the flow physics underlying the recently developed remote sensing capability of detecting oceanic microplastics, which is based on the measurable surface roughness reduction induced by the presence of microplastics on the ocean surface. In particular, we are interested in whether this roughness reduction is caused by the microplastics as floating particles, or by surfactants which follow similar transport paths as microplastics. For this purpose, we experimentally test the effects of floating particles and surfactants on surface roughness, quantified by the mean square slope (MSS), with waves generated by a mechanical wave maker or by wind. For microplastics, we find that their effect on MSS critically depends on the surface area fraction of coverage. The damping by particles is observed only for fractions above O (5–10%), much higher than the realistic ocean condition. For surfactants, their damping effects on both mechanically generated waves and wind waves are quantified, which are shown to be much more significant than that by microplastics. Several new mechanisms/relations for roughness damping by surfactants are also identified. The implications of these experimental results to remote sensing are discussed.
Enrichment of human embryonic stem cell-derived V3 interneurons using an Nkx2-2 gene-specific reporter
Authors: Berzanskyte Ieva , Riccio Federica , Machado Carolina Barcellos , Bradbury Elizabeth J. , Lieberam Ivo
Published: February 2023

V3 spinal interneurons are a key element of the spinal circuits, which control motor function. However, to date, there are no effective ways of deriving a pure V3 population from human pluripotent stem cells. Here, we report a method for differentiation and isolation of spinal V3 interneurons, combining extrinsic factor-mediated differentiation and magnetic activated cell sorting. We found that differentiation of V3 progenitors can be enhanced with a higher concentration of Sonic Hedgehog agonist, as well as culturing cells in 3D format. To enable V3 progenitor purification from mixed differentiation cultures, we developed a transgene reporter, with a part of the regulatory region of V3-specific gene Nkx2-2 driving the expression of a membrane marker CD14. We found that in human cells, NKX2-2 initially exhibited co-labelling with motor neuron progenitor marker, but V3 specificity emerged as the differentiation culture progressed. At these later differentiation timepoints, we were able to enrich V3 progenitors labelled with CD14 to ~ 95% purity, and mature them to postmitotic V3 interneurons. This purification tool for V3 interneurons will be useful for in vitro disease modeling, studies of normal human neural development and potential cell therapies for disorders of the spinal cord.
Yoghurt as a deglutition aid for oral medication: effects on famotidine powder dissolution rate and pharmacokinetics
Authors: Gotoh Yayoi , Tabata Yoshiyuki , Sugiura Shinya , Obara Michiko , Tomita Takashi , Suzuki Toshio
Published: February 2023

Deglutition aid foods are used to help patients with dysphagia take oral medications. Yoghurt is occasionally used to help swallow medications; however, its influence on pharmacokinetics is poorly understood. Yoghurt made with Lactococcus cremoris subsp. cremoris FC has a characteristic viscous texture that facilitates bolus formation and deglutition due to its metabolite exopolysaccharide. We assessed yoghurt prepared with L. cremoris FC as a food deglutition aid. We performed a dissolution test using famotidine powder mixed with yoghurt and a food thickener. Famotidine dissolution rates without deglutition-assisting foods and with yoghurt or food thickener were 102.3 ± 1.7, 85.7 ± 4.6, and 46.4 ± 1.1% after 15 min, respectively. Next, we orally administered famotidine powder with water, yoghurt, and food thickener to rats and measured plasma famotidine levels. We observed no significant differences between all test groups. The Tmax of famotidine mixed with a food thickener was significantly lower than that with yoghurt. These results suggest that yoghurt with L. cremoris FC did not remarkably affect the dissolution and pharmacokinetic profiles of famotidine powder. Thus, the administration of famotidine with yoghurt might be a suitable alternative to powder administration as a deglutition aid for patients.
Exploring the impact of temperature and oxygen partial pressure on the spent nuclear fuel oxidation during its dry management
Authors: Milena-Pérez A. , Bonales L. J. , Rodríguez-Villagra N. , Galán H.
Published: February 2023

The management of Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) comprises different stages in which security is demonstrated. Nevertheless, fundamental research can lead to other design options that must be considered. Currently, one of the focuses is the dry interim storage option, as the shortest-term solution until final repositories are available. During this stage, one concern is the oxidation of the fuel. If UO2 (SNF matrix) is exposed to air at high-enough temperature, formation of U3O8 takes place. The larger volume of this phase could entail stresses on the SNF clad, which is the first barrier to prevent radioactive material release. It is known that this oxidation is a temperature-dependent reaction and ensuring an inert atmosphere discards any effect during SNF dry management. However, at what extent temperature and oxygen concentration would have an impact on the U3O8 formation is not established, being the available experimental data very scarce. We follow this oxidation in representative ranges of temperature and oxygen concentration of dry storage facilities by using in-situ Raman spectroscopy. The results show that temperature is a more-affecting factor than the oxygen concentration at the studied conditions. Therefore, efforts to limit temperatures would yield more benefits in preserving fuel matrix integrity.
Towards precision medicine based on a continuous deep learning optimization and ensemble approach
Authors: Li Jian , Jin Linyuan , Wang Zhiyuan , Peng Qinghai , Wang Yueai , Luo Jia , Zhou Jiawei , Cao Yingying , Zhang Yanfen , Zhang Min , Qiu Yuewen , Hu Qiang , Chen Liyun , Yu Xiaoyu , Zhou Xiaohui , Li Qiong , Zhou Shu , Huang Si , Luo Dan , Mao Xingxing , Yu Yi , Yang Xiaomeng , Pan Chiling , Li Hongxin , Wang Jingchao , Liao Jieke
Published: February 2023

We developed a continuous learning system (CLS) based on deep learning and optimization and ensemble approach, and conducted a retrospective data simulated prospective study using ultrasound images of breast masses for precise diagnoses. We extracted 629 breast masses and 2235 images from 561 cases in the institution to train the model in six stages to diagnose benign and malignant tumors, pathological types, and diseases. We randomly selected 180 out of 3098 cases from two external institutions. The CLS was tested with seven independent datasets and compared with 21 physicians, and the system’s diagnostic ability exceeded 20 physicians by training stage six. The optimal integrated method we developed is expected accurately diagnose breast masses. This method can also be extended to the intelligent diagnosis of masses in other organs. Overall, our findings have potential value in further promoting the application of AI diagnosis in precision medicine.
Rational design of a novel MOF-based ternary nanocomposite for effectively monitoring harmful organophosphates in foods and the environment
Authors: Wu Fen , Wang Beibei , Guo Haiqian , Kang Kai , Ji Xueping , Wang Lanyue , Guo Shouxiang , Ren Jujie
Published: February 2023

A novel MOF-based ternary nanocomposite PtNPs/UiO-66-NH2/MWCNTs was rationally designed and prepared for the facile construction of an electrochemical sensor to sensitively determine toxic methyl parathion in foods and environment.
In situ forming double-crosslinked hydrogels with highly dispersed short fibers for the treatment of irregular wounds
Authors: Wang Maidi , Du Jingtao , Li Mengya , Pierini Filippo , Li Xiaoran , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin
Published: February 2023

An injectable short-fiber reinforced gelatin methacrylate/oxidized dextran (GM/ODex) hydrogel with a double-crosslinking network was developed for irregular wound treatment.
Steric and electronic effects of arsa-Buchwald ligands on Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction
Authors: Sumida Akifumi , Ogawa Kenta , Imoto Hiroaki , Naka Kensuke
Published: February 2023

A variety of arsa-Buchwald ligands, which are arsenic analogues of Buchwald ligands, were synthesized. The optimal arsa-Buchwald ligand gave an excellent catalytic activity for the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction of sterically hindered substrates.
An analysis of degradation in low-cost particulate matter sensors
Authors: deSouza Priyanka , Barkjohn Karoline , Clements Andrea , Lee Jenny , Kahn Ralph , Crawford Ben , Kinney Patrick
Published: February 2023

PurpleAir sensors are widely used to measure PM2.5 levels in cities around the world. However, little is known about the change in sensor performance over time. This paper fills this gap.
Therapeutic potential and nutritional significance of Ganoderma lucidum – a comprehensive review from 2010 to 2022
Authors: Swallah Mohammed Sharif , Bondzie-Quaye Precious , Wu Yahui , Acheampong Adolf , Sossah Frederick Leo , Elsherbiny Shereen M. , Huang Qing
Published: February 2023

The medicinal reputation of Ganoderma lucidum and its unique pharmaceutical and nutritional properties have led to its demand as an important resource for nutrient supplements in the food industry.
Puerarin extends the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster by activating autophagy
Authors: Kang Ai-Wen , Sun Chi , Li Hai-Tao , Zhong Kun , Zeng Xu-Hui , Gu Zhi-Feng , Li Bing-Qian , Zhang Xiao-Ning , Gao Jian-Lin , Chen Tian-Xing
Published: February 2023

Puerarin extends longevity of flies by improving climbing activity, ATP production, and stress resistance but repressing fecundity. Puerarin promotes lysosome-involved autophagy via inhibiting TOR phosphorylation, resulting in longevity of flies.
Integration of transcriptomics and metabonomics revealed the protective effects of hemp seed oil against methionine–choline-deficient diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice
Authors: Gong Mengjuan , Lu Hailong , Li Lixi , Feng Meiqi , Zou Zhongjie
Published: February 2023

Inhibition of glutaminolysis was implicated in the potential hepatoprotective effects of hemp seed oil against liver fibrosis in mice with MCD diet-induced NASH.
Endocytosis-mediated redistribution of antibiotics targets intracellular bacteria
Authors: Qu Shaoqi , Zhu Kui
Published: February 2023

Endocytosis-mediated redistribution of antibiotics sheds light on the development of novel delivery platforms and alternative strategies to combat intracellular bacterial pathogens.
Stepwise rapid electrolytic synthesis of graphene oxide for efficient adsorption of organic pollutants
Authors: Xu Wanzhen , Zhu Wenjie , Shen Junliang , Kuai Mingyue , Zhang Yi , Huang Weihong , Yang Wenming , Li Mengmeng , Yang Sheng
Published: February 2023

A stepwise intercalation and electrochemical oxidation method has been developed for the rapid synthesis of graphene oxide (GO). Such heavily oxidized GO sheets demonstrate great efficiency for the adsorption of methylene blue in water.
Discovery of new STAT3 inhibitors as anticancer agents using ligand-receptor contact fingerprints and docking-augmented machine learning
Authors: Jaradat Nour Jamal , Alshaer Walhan , Hatmal Mamon , Taha Mutasem Omar
Published: February 2023

Novel STAT3 inhibitory lead of potent anti-STAT3 IC50 and novel chemotype was discovered using a data augmentation algorithm based on a computational sequence of docking, scoring, ligand-receptor contact fingerprints.
Theoretical exploration of noncovalent interactions in Sc2C2@C2n (n = 40, 41, and 42)⊂[12]CPP, PF[12]CPP
Authors: Liu Yang , Li Wangchang , Li Peiying , Guo Yanmin , Cui Peng , Zhang Zhuxia
Published: February 2023

A detailed study of noncovalent interactions between carbon nanorings, namely, [12]cycloparaphenylene ([12]CPP) and perfluoro[12]cycloparaphenylene (PF[12]CPP), and fullerenes using density functional theory.
Machine learning based implicit solvent model for aqueous-solution alanine dipeptide molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Yao Songyuan , Van Richard , Pan Xiaoliang , Park Ji Hwan , Mao Yuezhi , Pu Jingzhi , Mei Ye , Shao Yihan
Published: February 2023

Here we investigated the use of machine learning (ML) techniques to “derive” an implicit solvent model based on the average solvent environment configurations from explicit solvent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.
Metal-free photosensitized radical relay 1,4-carboimination across two distinct olefins
Authors: Tan Guangying , Paulus Fritz , Petti Alessia , Wiethoff Maxim-Aleksa , Lauer Anna , Daniliuc Constantin , Glorius Frank
Published: February 2023

Intermolecular carboamination of olefins offers a powerful platform for the rapid construction of structurally complex amines from abundant feedstocks.
On the role of polydispersity on the phase diagram of colloidal rods
Authors: De Filippo Carlo Andrea , Del Galdo Sara , Corsi Pietro , De Michele Cristiano , Capone Barbara
Published: February 2023

We here report on the unexpected role of diameter polydispersity on the phase diagram of diameter- and length-polydisperse hard spherocylinders: a theoretical and computational study.
Fault analysis of converter interfaced generator embedded power system considering control mode switching
Authors: Li Jiapeng , Li Yujun , Zhang Xu , Yuan Xiaotian , Du Zhengchun
Published: February 2023

Converter interfaced generation (CIG) may switch into different control modes under different fault scenarios, which poses a significant challenge to the fault calculation of modern power systems. This paper first establishes a reduced fault analysis model of CIG considering control mode switching. By neglecting the fast dynamic processes of the converter controller, CIG with each control mode can be expressed by equality and inequality constraints. Then, an alternative iteration algorithm is proposed to determine the control mode of each grid‐tied converter after fault, which mainly contains the estimation and discrimination steps. In the estimation step, the voltage of the point of common coupling (PCC) and output current of CIG are obtained by simultaneously solving the equality constraints of CIG and the reduced network equation. In the discrimination step, the inequality constraints of CIG are utilized to judge and revise the control mode of each converter. With alternative execution of the estimation and discrimination steps, the fault network can be solved. Simulation studies based on PSCAD/EMTP validate that the proposed method has high accuracy in fault calculation of the CIG embedded system under various fault locations and fault resistances.
Multimodal cooperative self‐attention network for action recognition
Authors: Zhong Zhuokun , Hou Zhenjie , Liang Jiuzhen , Lin En , Shi Haiyong
Published: February 2023

Multimodal human behaviour recognition is a research hotspot in computer vision. To fully use both skeleton and depth data, this paper constructs a new multimodal network identification scheme combined with the self‐attention mechanism. The system comprises a transformer‐based skeleton self‐attention subnetwork and a depth self‐attention subnetwork based on CNN. In the skeleton self‐attention subnetwork, this paper proposes a motion synergy space feature that can integrate the information of each joint point according to the entirety and synergy of human motion and puts forward a quantitative standard for the contribution degree of each joint motion. In this paper, the results from the skeleton self‐attention subnetwork and the depth self‐attention subnetwork are integrated and they are verified on the NTU RGB+D and UTD‐MHAD datasets. The authors have achieved 90% recognition rate on UTD‐MHAD dataset, and the CS recognition rate of the authors’ method on the NTU RGB+D dataset reaches 90.5% and the recognition rate of CV is 94.7%. Experimental results show that the network structure proposed in this paper achieves a high recognition rate, and its performance is better than most current methods.
Influence of crystal structures on electron screening
Authors: Cvetinović Aleksandra , Djeordjić Dijana , Guardo Giovani Luca , Kelemen Mitja , La Cognata Marco , Lamia Livio , Markelj Sabina , Pizzone Rosario Gianluca , Schwarz-Selinger Thomas , Tišma Isabela , Vencelj Matjaž , Vesić Jelena , Lipoglavšek Matej
Published: February 2023

For nucleosynthesis calculations, precise reaction rates should be known at energies within the Gamow window. At these energies, electron screening cannot be neglected. Despite the significance of the effect, a huge disagreement between experimental data and theoretical predictions is still not understood. In order to address to this problem, we investigated the dependence of the electron screening potential on the target host lattice structure by measuring the rate of the 2H(19F,p)20F reaction in zirconium, titanium and palladium targets containing deuterium.
Investigation of a light Dark Boson existence: The New JEDI project
Authors: Bastin Beyhan , Kiener Jürgen , Deloncle Isabelle , Coc Alain , Pospelov Maxim , Mrazek Jaromir , Lamia Livio , Ackermann Dieter , Adsley Philip , Bacri Charles-Olivier , Bourçois Jérôme , Burjan Vaclav , Cassisa Anastasia , D’agata Giuseppe , De France Gilles , Di Pietrio Alessia , Demane Yasmine , De Oliveira François , Donaldson Lindsay , Donzaud Corinne , Ducret Jean-Eric , Hamadache Clarisse , Hammache Fairouz , Jones Pete , La Cognata Marco , Laviron Adrien , Lewitowicz Marek , Malatji Kgashane , Massara Antonio , Pitrou Cyril , Pizzone Rosario Gianluca , Guardo Giovanni Luca , Płoszajczak Marek , Rapisarda Giuseppe , Rebeiro Bernadette , Roussèire Brigitte , Santonocito Domenico , de Séréville Nicolas , Sergi Maria Letizia , Simeckova Eva , Sorlin Olivier , Stodel Christelle , Tatischeff Vincent , Thomas Jean-Charles , Tumino Aurora
Published: February 2023

Several experiments around the world are looking for a new particle, named Dark Boson, which may do the link between the Ordinary Matter (which forms basically stars, planets, interstellar gas...) and the Hidden Sectors of the Universe. This particle, if it exists, would act as the messenger of a new fundamental interaction of nature. In this paper, the underlying Dark Sectors theory will be introduced first. A non-exhaustive summary of experimental studies carried out to date and foreseen in the incoming years will be presented after,including the 8Be anomaly. The last section will provide a status of the New JEDI**** project which aims to investigate the existence or not of a Dark Boson in the MeV range.
Study of (α,n) reactions to determine the α-optical potential for γ-process
Authors: Basak Dipali , Basu Chinmay
Published: February 2023

The optical potential is calculated from elastic scattering angular distribution data at high energies. The potential derived from elastic scattering data does not satisfactorily describe the experimental result for low energy reactions. An alternative approach for improving the α-optical potential at low energy was proposed, based on the (α,n) reaction, which is solely dependent on the α- transmission coefficient, i.e. on the alpha optical potential. The new potential is a modified McFadden-Satchler (McF) potential with depth parameters (both real and imaginary) changed by an energy dependent Fermi function. The sensitivity of (α,n) cross-section with different width parameters is also studied.
Experimental study of 37Cl(α,n)40K reaction in order to constrain the reaction rate of destruction of 40K in stars
Authors: Dimitrakopoulos Nikolaos , Perdikakis Georgios , Tsintari Pelagia , Brune Carl R. , Massey Thomas N. , Meisel Zach , Voinov Alexander , Ingram David C. , Gastis Panos , Jones-Alberty Yenuel , Subedi Shiv K. , Warren Justin , Brandenburg Kristyn H. , Singh Nisha , Ulbrich Lauren P.
Published: February 2023

40K is one of the main isotopes responsible for the radiogenic heating of the mantle in Earth-like exoplanets [1] and hence, plays a very important role in the internal geophysical dynamics of a planet. The abundance of 40K in the mantle and the core of such planets is not always possible to be determined by astrophysical observations, although constraining the nuclear reaction rates of 40K during stellar evolution can also lead to constraining the present amount of 40K in these planets, which will improve our understanding on the habitability potential of Earth-like exoplanets. This study aims to constrain the 40K(n,α)37Cl reaction rate, one of the two major destruction paths of 40K in stellar nucleosynthesis,by measuring the reverse reaction 37Cl(α,n)40K and applying the principle of detailed balance as we have done before for the 40K (40K(n,p)40Ar reaction rate) [2]. During the first set of measurements we performed differential cross-section measurements of the 37Cl(α,n1γ)40K, 37Cl(α,n2γ)40K and 37Cl(α,n3γ)40K reaction channels, for six different center of mass energies in the range between 5.1 and 5.4 MeV. The experiment took place at the Edwards Accelerator Laboratory of Ohio University. The gamma rays from the reaction channels mentioned above were detected by two LaBr3 scintillators. Using the swinger facility to change the angle of the beam-target system with respect to the detection system, we were able to take measurements for the differential cross-section at six different angles between 20° and 120° in the lab system.
On the impact of compact binary merger ejecta opacity on Kilonova transient signals
Authors: Pidatella Angelo ,   for the PANDORA collaboration
Published: February 2023

Returns of gravitational wave astronomy will largely benefit from the detection and identification of electromagnetic (EM) signatures to gravitationalwave sources. Kilonovae (KNe) are promising EM counterparts to compact binary mergers, offering to astronomers and nuclear astrophysicists a unique window to advance knowledge on the heavy-element nucleosynthesis and mergerdriven mass ejection. However, extremely heterogeneous post-merging ejecta composition of both light- and heavy-r process nuclei, implies strong effects on the KNe light-curve identification due to the varying opacity of the system. Hence, large uncertainties on the r-process final abundance via spectroscopic analysis of KNe signals are still present, hardly fixed by theoretical models. Here we will present some peculiar features of KNe studies, focusing on the opacity issue, from the atomic and plasma physics perspectives. In this view, efforts have been made recently at INFN-LNS, trying to put constraints on plasma opacity of interest for early-stage KNe emission. We will present the experimental progress on the problem, including instruments and methods which could open an interdisciplinary approach to tackle astrophysical problems in laboratory plasmas.
Foundations of a life support equipment exchange platform
Authors: Sleasman Justin R. , Hijawi Ula , Alsalemi Abdullah , Rabie Mohamed , Noorizadeh Mohammad , Stead Aidan , Cooley Christopher , Donnelly Conor , Haft Jonathan W. , Abrams Darryl , Stead Christine , Ryan Kathleen R. , Rycus Peter , Fox Alexander D. , Ogino Mark T. , Alexander Peta M.A.
Published: February 2023

Background: The Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Supplies Platform (https://Supplies.ELSO.org) was created out of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) disposable product shortage prior to and during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This novel Platform supports Centers in obtaining disposables from other Centers when alternative avenues are exhausted. Methods: Driven by the opportunity for increased patient care by using the product availability of the 962 ELSO centers worldwide was the motivation to form an efficient online supply sharing Platform. The pandemic created by COVID-19 became a catalyst to further recognize the magnitude of the supply disruption on a global scale, impacting allocations and guidelines for institutions, practice, and patient care. Conclusions: Records kept on the Platform website are helpful to the industry by providing insights into where difficulties exist in the supply chain for needed equipment. Yet, the common thread is awareness, of how critical situations can stretch resources and challenge our resolve for the best patient care. ELSO is proud to support member centers in these situations, by providing a means of attaining needed ECMO life support products to cover supply shortages.
Evaluation of differential white blood cell count and cheek pouch epithelium in 7,12-dimethylbenza[a]anthracene hamster carcinogenesis model, managed with three phytochemicals
Authors: Darwish Mahmoud , Hassan Magda , Maria Ola M.
Published: February 2023

Objectives:Nigella sativa (NS), thymoquinone (TQ), and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) are phytochemicals that might have antioxidant protective potentials on the hamster cheek pouch epithelium (HCPE). We aimed at evaluating and comparing the potential therapeutic outcomes of these 3 phytochemicals by analysis of peripheral white blood cells (WBCs) counts.Materials and Methods:NS whole oil, TQ and EGCG were administered before, with or after 7,12-dimethylbenza[a]anthracene (DMBA) painting the hamster left cheek pouch. Before sacrificing each animal, 2 ml of blood was withdrawn into a fine heparin-containing tube to estimate the total WBCs, lymphocytes, MID cells, and granulocytes counts by an automatic count system. All cheek pouches were surgically excised and examined with light microscope.Results:Severe epithelial dysplasia was evident after 6 weeks of DMBA administration, and when NS was given for 2 weeks followed by DMBA for 6 weeks. When NS or EGCG were given for 2 weeks then continued with DMBA for 6 weeks, mild dysplasia was seen. When DMBA was given for 6 weeks followed by NS or TQ for 6 weeks, mild dysplasia was noted. Administration of DMBA for 6 weeks resulted in significant reduction in total WBCs and lymphocytes counts compared to healthy controls. Administration of NS or TQ for 2 weeks resulted in significant elevation in lymphocytes count compared to healthy controls. Significant elevation in total WBCS and lymphocytes counts was noted when EGCG was given for 2 weeks and continued with DMBA for other 6 weeks. Similar results were noted when DMBA was given for 6 weeks followed by TQ for 6 weeks when compared to NS, DMBA or healthy controls.Discussion:The three phytochemicals showed different levels of protection against DMBA carcinogenic activity, more specifically, TQ and NS had higher therapeutic potential and might be used for treatment and/or preventive management of oral cancer in the future.Conclusion:However, further investigations are required to address the mechanism of action and feasibility of clinical application of each phytochemical.
Rediscovering the observations of solar prominences from 1906 to 1957 recorded at the Madrid Astronomical Observatory
Authors: Aparicio Alejandro Jesús Pérez , Carrasco Víctor , Gallego María Cruz , Vaquero José Manuel
Published: February 2023

The Madrid Astronomical Observatory implemented a solar observation program from 1876 to 1986. In addition to sunspots, the observers at this observatory recorded other solar features such as prominences. In this work, we have consulted the documentary sources of the Madrid Astronomical Observatory (the information is not digitally available), digitized the records of the observers on the annual number of prominences, and constructed a homogeneous series of the total and hemispheric annual number of prominences with heights of 25″ and more for the period 1906–1957. To evaluate the quality of the data and assess their potential, we have compared the Madrid prominence series with the number of prominences recorded by the Astronomical Observatory of the University of Coimbra and other time series such as the sunspot number index, solar radio flux at 10.7 cm, and sunspot areas. We have also analyzed the hemispheric prominence numbers and the asymmetry index. We obtained the strongest correlation between Madrid and Coimbra prominence series (r = 0.7), whereas the correlations between the Madrid prominence series and the other solar activity time series are similar (r ≈ 0.6). In addition, we found that the correlation coefficient between the Madrid prominence series and the sunspot number is lower than that from the Coimbra prominence series and the sunspot number. We suggest that these differences are a consequence of the way prominences were counted in the Madrid Astronomical Observatory.
Preliminary Investigation into the Anticonvulsant, Sedative and Muscle Relaxant Effects of the Methanolic Extract of Capparis spinosa L. Leaves in Mice
Authors: Dugani Aisha Mohamed , Khasheba Sarah Saleh , Auzzi Abdurazag Abdulsalam
Published: February 2023

Background Capparis spinosa L is a Mediterranean plant. In Libya, the plant grows in rocky areas and at high altitudes. It is commonly used by the inhabitants of the Mediterranean region in their kitchen and treatment of many diseases.

Aim This study was undertaken to investigate the central nervous system depressant, anticonvulsant, and the muscle relaxant activities of orally administered methanolic extract from the leaves of C. spinosa L. (MECS) in mice.

Methods The oral administration of three doses of the MECS in mice (500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg) were evaluated in the picrotoxin (PC)-induced convulsion model, ketamine-induced sleep, and rota rod test. Diazepam was used as a reference drug for comparison. Results were analyzed using SPSS program version 16. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, and compared using one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan's test. The significance level was set at p < 0.05

Results Oral administration of MECS (1000 and 2000 mg/kg) significantly prolonged the onset of seizures (p < 0.01) and produced dose-dependent protection against PC-induced seizures compared with the control group (12.5% and 50% protection, respectively). MECS significantly (p < 0.05) and dose dependently reduced ketamine sleep latency (from 3.16 ± 0.16 to a minimum of 1.5 ± 0.22 minutes) and prolonged ketamine-induced sleeping time (from 11.33 ± 1.99 to a maximum of 33.33 ± 0.95 minutes). In the accelerated rotarod test, MECS significantly (p < 0.01) decreased the riding time on the rotarod (from 128.83 ± 14.6 to a minimum of 1.83 ± 0.47 seconds) as compared with the normal saline control group.

Conclusion The results showed that the MECS possesses anticonvulsant, sedative, and muscle relaxant properties in mice.