bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low‐velocity multiple impact damage characteristics and numerical simulation of carbon fiber/epoxy composite laminates
Authors: Fang Lin , Chu Yuji , Zhu Xueli , Yu Mingming , Xie Wang , Ren Musu , Sun Jinliang
Published: November 2023

Low‐velocity impact damage is one of the main defects of composite laminates, which seriously affects the bearing capacity and service life of composite laminates. Multiple impact experiments of carbon fiber/epoxy composite laminates were carried out under different impact energies. The finite‐element model was established according to the experimental conditions. The impact damage mechanism of laminated plates was studied by means of simulated damage cloud image, water immersion ultrasonic C‐scan, and computed tomography. The results showed that the matrix damage occurred mainly during the whole impact process, and the tensile damage of the matrix was dominant. As the number of impacts increased, the impact resistance of composite laminates decreased and the damaged area increased, with the second impact having the greatest influence on the degree of damage to the laminates; multiple impacts with low energy were easy to cause delamination at the top of the laminated plate. With the increase in impact energy, the damage at the bottom of the laminated plate was more serious, and the propagation mode of delamination damage in laminates changed from top‐bottom to bottom‐up.

Highlights

Establishing a multiple impact finite‐element model for composites.

Accurately predicting the impact mechanical response of composites.

Revealing multiple impact damage evolution of composites by simulation.
Interactions with microbial consortia have variable effects in organic carbon and production of exometabolites among genotypes of Populus trichocarpa
Authors: Carrell Alyssa A. , Clark Miranda , Jawdy Sara , Muchero Wellington , Alexandre Gladys , Labbé Jesse L. , Rush Tomás A.
Published: November 2023

Poplar is a short‐rotation woody crop frequently studied for its significance as a sustainable bioenergy source. The successful establishment of a poplar plantation partially depends on its rhizosphere—a dynamic zone governed by complex interactions between plant roots and a plethora of commensal, mutualistic, symbiotic, or pathogenic microbes that shape plant fitness. In an exploratory endeavor, we investigated the effects of a consortium consisting of ectomycorrhizal fungi and a beneficial Pseudomonas sp. strain GM41 on plant growth (including height, stem girth, leaf, and root growth) and as well as growth rate over time, across four Populus trichocarpa genotypes. Additionally, we compared the level of total organic carbon and plant exometabolite profiles across different poplar genotypes in the presence of the microbial consortium. These data revealed no significant difference in plant growth parameters between the treatments and the control across four different poplar genotypes at 7 weeks post‐inoculation. However, total organic carbon and exometabolite profiles were significantly different between the genotypes and the treatments. These findings suggest that this microbial consortium has the potential to trigger early signaling responses in poplar, influencing its metabolism in ways crucial for later developmental processes and stress tolerance.
Evaluation of an ammonia‐free natural rubber latex adhesive
Authors: Román Allen Jonathan , Dibisa Oliyad , Pardo Germán , Rodríguez Julio C. , Osswald Tim A.
Published: November 2023

Natural rubber latex (NRL) within the adhesives industry has had limited applications because of poor water and chemical resistance; additionally, conventional preservation methods with ammonia produce poor adhesive properties and introduce toxicity. Today, solvent‐based adhesives dominate the market because of their superior mechanical properties; however, they negatively affect the health of users depending on the application due to the toxic chemicals. In this study, we investigated using a novel NRL‐based ammonia‐free adhesive as primary materials with bio‐additives, specifically cellulose, and collagen, to enhance their mechanical property provide the industry with an adhesive safe to handle. The peeling strength of an ammonia‐free NRL, 60% dry rubber content (DRC) NRL, with cellulose and collagen (Industrial Adhesive) were compared to high‐performance adhesives used within the footwear and construction industry to prove these adhesives direct applicability within these industries. Our findings showed that the ammonia‐free NRL Industrial Adhesive exhibited superior mechanical properties when compared against resilient flooring adhesives and footwear adhesives. Additionally, the peeling strength of an ammonia‐free 35% DRC with only cellulose (Office Adhesive) was compared to PVA‐based Elmer's Glue and it was observed that the ammonia‐free NRL adhesive outperformed Elmer's Glue by almost reaching four times the peeling strength of Elmer's Glue.
Elucidating the dynamic remodelling of Escherichia coli interactome in different growth conditions using multiplex co‐fractionation MS (mCF‐MS)
Authors: Low Teck Yew
Published: November 2023

Most proteins function by forming complexes within a dynamic interconnected network that underlies various biological mechanisms. To systematically investigate such interactomes, high‐throughput techniques, including CF‐MS, have been developed to capture, identify, and quantify protein‐protein interactions (PPIs) on a large scale. Compared to other techniques, CF‐MS allows the global identification and quantification of native protein complexes in one setting, without genetic manipulation. Furthermore, quantitative CF‐MS can potentially elucidate the distribution of a protein in multiple co‐elution features, informing the stoichiometries and dynamics of a target protein complex. In this issue, Youssef et al. (Proteomics 2023, 00, e2200404) combined multiplex CF‐MS and a new algorithm to study the dynamics of the PPI network for Escherichia coli grown under ten different conditions. Although the results demonstrated that most proteins remained stable, the authors were able to detect disrupted interactions that were growth condition specific. Further bioinformatics analyses also revealed the biophysical properties and structural patterns that govern such a response.
Communicating adverse drug events: serotonin toxicity
Authors: Farrell Barbara
Published: November 2023

What happens when people don’t know about an adverse drug event that landed them in hospital? This article uses a case of serotonin toxicity to illustrate the importance of communicating a patient's history of adverse effects to avoid the risk of re‐exposure and further harm.
Functionalized Cochlear Implant Electrode for Intracochlear Histamine Detection via Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Coating
Authors: Putzeys Tristan , Wackers Gideon , Jamieson Oliver , Peeters Marloes , Doll Theodor , Wagner Patrick , Wübbenhorst Michael , Verhaert Nicolas
Published: November 2023

By coating the electrodes of a cochlear implant (CI) electrode array with a powdered form of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), a straightforward process to functionalize existing electrodes to selectively detect histamine is demonstrated. Detection is based on non‐Faradaic impedance spectroscopy, omitting the need for a reference electrode or redox mediators, and fitting to a 5‐element equivalent electronic circuit. Proof‐of‐concept measurements on three functionalized cochlear implants in three human cadaveric cochleae indicate a level of detection of 200 nM of histamine in albumin‐based artificial perilymph following a sigmoid dose‐response trend up to 10 mM. This sensitivity enables quantized and localized analysis of histamine‐mediated inflammation immediately following the CI operation. The selectivity and adaptability of MIPs opens possibilities to detect a wide spectrum of inflammation markers inside the human cochlea and could be used for fast mid‐ or postoperative intervention to improve the medical implant's outcome.
Premorbid weight in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Oppegard Laura J. , Barros Lia M. , Pi Hongyang , Kornfield James , Hough Catherine L. , Rayner Samuel G. , Robinson Jeffrey C. , Leary Peter J.
Published: November 2023

Relationships between obesity and outcomes in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are complex. Previous work suggested obesity, occurring alongside PAH, may be associated with better survival. In our work, we suggest obesity prior to PAH development is associated with worse survival. This may add a novel temporal element to the “obesity‐paradox.”
Functional redundancy across space and time in litter‐degrading fungal communities
Authors: Bao Yuanyuan , Dolfing Jan , Li Xin , Chen Ruirui , Cui Xiaodan , Li Zhongpei , Lin Xiangui , Feng Youzhi
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Microbial‐driven litter decomposition contributes significantly to global carbon (C) turnover. Fungi play central roles in the degradation process due to their ability to hydrolyse recalcitrant litter components. The spatiotemporal variations in taxonomic composition of litter‐degrading fungi have been well documented. However, associated variations in litter‐degradation‐related functional composition of fungal communities remain unexplored.

Materials and Methods

In this study, a 16‐week field‐based buried rice straw experiment was conducted at three experimental sites across subtropical China in combination with laboratory 13C‐straw‐based DNA stable‐isotope probing (DNA‐SIP) microcosm experiments. Amplicon sequencing combined with shotgun metagenomic sequencing were the approaches of choice.

Results

The field experiment showed that the taxonomic composition of the straw‐degrading fungal community was highly variable while the functional composition was rather stable. The higher permutational multivariate analysis of variation F scores (20.904−48.660) and the steeper slopes (1.92 E‐04−4.15E‐04) of the distance decay relationship for taxonomic composition than for function across periods (with lower F scores = 7.047−21.601 and gradual slopes = −1.33 E‐05 to −1.03E‐04) both indicated that the spatiotemporal patterns of functional composition in litter‐degrading fungi community were more conserved. The laboratory DNA‐SIP confirmed the field observations and showed that the conserved functional composition in litter‐degrading fungi was underpinned by a high functional redundancy of Basidiomycota.

Conclusion

Function and taxonomy of litter‐degrading fungi were decoupled. The functional composition of the litter‐degrading fungal community was highly conserved in space and time, the taxonomic composition less so. The main drivers behind the observed taxonomic decoupling are probably/most likely functional redundancy and metabolic niche selection resulting in conservation of function, with changing environmental conditions and dispersal limitation drove the observed high taxonomic turnover of the community over the course of the litter degradation progression. Our study provides valuable insights in the ecology of fungi and their roles in in global C sequestration for ecosystem sustainable development.
Twelve years of rain attenuation statistics of Earth–space propagation experiment at Ka band in Toulouse
Authors: Suquet Étienne , Monvoisin Jean‐Pascal , Castanet Laurent , Féral Laurent , Boulanger Xavier
Published: November 2023

Since 2009, ONERA has been running Ka band propagation experiments in Toulouse (France, latitude 43.57°N, longitude 1.47°E). A rain gauge was also deployed on site to collect rainfall rate measurements concurrently to beacon data. Since April 2011, the beacon receiver has been recording the 20.2 GHz (vertical polarisation) Astra 3B beacon signal along a slant path of 35.1° of elevation angle. All years of the experiment had excellent data availability, hence giving 12 years of data at Ka band. First, the propagation experiment and the data processing methodology are described. Second, a statistical analysis of rain attenuation and rainfall rate is conducted. Comparisons are then performed with the prediction methods of Recommendations ITU‐R P.837‐7 (rainfall rate), P.618‐13 (rain attenuation) and P.678‐3 (variability of propagation phenomena).
Heed guidance for supporting at‐risk students on your campus
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: November 2023

BURLINGTON, VERMONT — Students typically arrive on campus with high expectations. But then an unexpected and painful reality might hit them a few weeks later when they haven’t made any friends and their classes seem overwhelming, compounded by believing they’re supposed to be having the best time in their lives.
Birefringent Dispersion Optimization to Achieve Superior Nonlinear Optical Phase Matching in Deeper Solar‐Blind UV Band from KH2PO4 to BeH3PO5
Authors: Pan Xuanlin , Liu Fan , Lin Zheshuai , Kang Lei
Published: November 2023

Nonlinear‐optical (NLO) crystals require birefringent phase matching (BPM), particularly in the solar‐blind ultraviolet (UV) (200–280 nm) and deep‐UV (100–200 nm) regions. Achieving BPM requires optimization of optical dispersion along with having large birefringence. This requirement is especially critical for structures with low optical anisotropy, including classical phosphate UV–NLO crystals like KH2PO4 (KDP). However, there is a scarcity of in‐depth theoretical analysis and general design strategies based on structural chemistry to optimize dispersion. This study presents findings from a simplified dielectric model that uncover two vital factors to micro‐optimize transparent optical dispersion: effective mass (m*) of excited states and effective number (N*) of photo‐responsive states. Smoothing of dispersion occurs as m* increases and N* decreases. First‐principles analysis of deep‐UV KBe2BO3F2‐family structures is used to confirm the conciseness and validity of the model. It further proposes substituting K+ with Be2+ to decrease N* and increase m* while enlarging bandgap. This will lead to improved dispersion and an overall enhancement of KDP's BPM capability. The existing BeH3PO5 (BDP) is predicted to improve the shortest BPM wavelength for second‐harmonic generation, from 251 nm in KDP to 201 nm in BDP. BDP's extension into the broader UV solar‐blind waveband fully supports the proposed optimization strategy.
Synthesis of Graphitic Carbon Coated ZnPS3 and its Superior Electrochemical Properties for Lithium and Sodium Ion Storage
Authors: Kim Hyung‐Ho , Lee Eungjae , Kim Kyeong‐Ho , Shim Hun , Lee Jongwon , Lee Dongjun , Lee Doyeon , Kim Won‐Sik , Hong Seong‐Hyeon
Published: November 2023

Graphitic carbon‐coated ZnPS3 is prepared via direct phosphosulfurization and high energy mechanical milling (HEMM) with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and first introduced as an anode for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). The HEMM process with MWCNTs reduces the particle size of as‐synthesized ZnPS3 bulk to 100–500 nm and yields the ≈5 nm thick graphitic carbon coated ZnPS3 nanoparticles, which are the nanocomposites of 5 nm sized nanocrystallites embedded in the amorphous matrix. The ZnPS3 electrode undergoes the combined conversion and alloying reactions with Li and Na ions and exhibits high initial discharge and charge capacities in both LIBs and SIBs. The graphitic carbon‐coated ZnPS3 electrode exhibits excellent high‐rate capability and long‐term cyclability. The superior electrochemical properties can be attributed to high electrical conductivity, high Li ion mobility, and high reversibility and structural stability derived from the graphitic carbon‐coated nanoparticles. This study demonstrates that the novel graphitic carbon‐coated ZnPS3 is a promising anode material for both LIBs and SIBs and the graphitic carbon coating methodology by HEMM is expected to apply to the various metal oxides, sulfides, and phosphides.
Prospective case study of critical decision making for horses referred for treatment of colic
Authors: Burrell Katie , Sutton‐Walker Georgina , England Gary C. W. , Burford John H. , Freeman Sarah L.
Published: November 2023

Background

There is limited evidence on factors affecting critical decision making for horses with colic. This study's aim was to describe the assessment and decision making involved in horses referred for management of colic.

Methods

An in‐depth case analysis was used to document case presentation, decision making and outcomes for horses referred for colic to two UK equine veterinary practices over a 12‐month period. The data recorded included previous history, presenting signs, response to treatment, case outcome and factors affecting decisions for further treatment or euthanasia.

Results

Data were available for 60 cases: 55 were hospitalised for medical or surgical treatment and five horses were euthanased following initial assessment. The main factors affecting treatment decisions were severity of clinical signs (80%, 47/59), financial concerns (10%, 6/59) and ongoing health issues or previous history of colic (5%, 3/59). Factors associated with euthanasia decisions were postoperative complications (5/18), poor prognosis (4/18), deteriorating clinical signs (3/18) and financial concerns (3/18).

Limitation

The limited study population may affect the extent to which the findings can be generalised.

Conclusion

The severity of clinical signs was the key factor in treatment decision making. The main factors affecting euthanasia decisions were clinical deterioration, poor prognosis and financial constraints. These findings should be incorporated into clinical case recording to capture the multifactorial nature of decision making.
Clinical, imaging and pathological features of hepatic carcinosarcoma in a sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps)
Authors: McCready Julianne E. , Fisher Jade , McCleery Brynn
Published: November 2023

A 5‐year 6‐month‐old, neutered, male sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps) presented for lethargy. Plasma biochemistry revealed severely elevated alkaline phosphatase and moderate hypercholesterolemia. A heterogenous liver and a right abdominal mass were noted on abdominal ultrasonography. Computed tomography revealed an enlarged liver with ill‐defined hypoattenuating regions and a heterogenous mass arising from the caudate lobe. Cytology of the liver was consistent with low‐grade mixed lipid and hydropic vacuolar change and mild to moderate mixed to mature lymphocytic infiltrate. Liver biopsies were declined, and the patient was managed with silymarin and prednisolone. Serial bloodwork and abdominal ultrasonography revealed persistently elevated alkaline phosphatase and progressive heterogenous hepatomegaly and hepatic nodules. The sugar glider died over 2 years after original presentation. On postmortem examination, there was a poorly differentiated hepatic neoplasm, with immunohistochemistry most consistent with a carcinosarcoma. In future cases, hepatic biopsies could be considered for sugar gliders presenting with hepatic masses when cytology is unrewarding.
Automatic cumulonimbus and towering cumulus identification based on the Italian weather radar network data
Authors: Ripesi Patrizio
Published: November 2023

We present an automatic cumulonimbus and towering cumulus cloud identification method, based on the Italian weather radar network data coupled with a NWP model and ground station data. In particular, we focus on its aeronautical applications as a support for the aerodrome automated weather observation systems and METAR AUTO reports. In addition to the significant convective cloud detection and discrimination, we also present a new methodology for convective cloud coverage and ceiling estimations.
Perpetuating corridor conservation: Using public perception to advance big game management
Authors: Paolini Kelsey E. , Sisneros‐Kidd Abigail M. , Gautier Nicole , Bonnie Robert , Wallen Kenneth E. , Bennett Drew E.
Published: November 2023

Natural and anthropogenic disturbances may threaten big game migration. Migration corridors span both biophysical and jurisdictional barriers, which create challenges for effective species conservation. Though corridor conservation in the Intermountain West of the United States gained traction with the 2018 Secretarial Order that directed the U.S. Department of the Interior to enhance habitat quality within big game winter ranges and identify priority migration corridors in the western U.S., public support and active policies at sub regional scales remain polarized. We surveyed registered voters in Wyoming, USA, to assess perspectives and preferences to conserve land and habitat for big game migration. We used online focus groups and phone surveys to assess attitudes and opinions specific to support for policies that conserve migrations, the believability of interest groups, and the efficacy of conservation messaging frames. Our results show that Wyoming voters favored policies that benefit both humans and big game, associated higher credibility with state agencies than federal agencies, and found messages that specify human‐centered benefits most compelling. We assessed beliefs across demographics, such as political ideology, but found few significant differences. Our work provides insight into dynamic perspectives and preferences for big game corridor conservation among critically affected public, which can aid future research and engagement to advance big game management.
Heat transfer in a dissipative nanofluid passing by a convective stretching/shrinking cylinder near the stagnation point
Authors: Khan Muhammad Riaz , Puneeth Venkatesh , Alaoui Mohammed Kbiri , Alroobaea Roobaea , Abdou Mohammed Modather Mohammed
Published: November 2023

This contemporary article examines the transfer of heat properties and the flow behavior of water‐based nanofluid suspended with silver nanoparticles. These silver nanoparticles have a very huge thermal conductivity and hence it is presumed that the resulting nanofluid shall have enhanced thermal conductance. This article is more focused on the study of nanofluid flowing past a cylinder that is modeled mathematically using the cylindrical coordinate system. The initial modeling is designed using a system of partial derivatives while at a later stage, this system is transformed into a nonlinear group of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The equations in this system are solved to obtain the dual solutions by implementing the RKF‐45 method which has a greater rate of convergence and additionally, it is computationally very effective. The findings of the study are dealt by plotting graphs and the discussions are based on the appearance of graphs. It is further noticed that the critical point remains constant at for any changes made in the values of heat generation/absorption coefficient. Similarly, the critical value remains constant at for any change made in the values of the Eckert number. Meanwhile, it is also observed that the increase in the Eckert number increases the temperature absorbed by the nanofluid whereas it decreases the Nusselt number. Furthermore, the higher values of the velocity slip reduce the skin friction coefficient.
Studying Data Ethics Management: Research Methodology
Authors: Hirsch Dennis , Bartley Timothy , Chandrasekaran Aravind , Norris Davon , Parthasarathy Srinivasan , Turner Piers Norris
Published: November 2023

This chapter outlines our approach to investigating how corporations manage the threats and risks that their use of advanced analytics can create. Specifically, we deploy a mixed method research design combining insights from semi-structured interviews and an original survey of business data ethics managers as well as the attorneys, consultants, and think tanks who advise them. The interviews and survey hone in on five key areas of inquiry: (1) the risks big data can create, (2) motivations for why businesses attempt to mitigate the risks of big data when the law does not yet require them do so, (3) how businesses manage these risks via frameworks, management processes, and/or technological solutions, (4) how businesses attempt to use advanced analytics and AI for the social good, and (5) the broader regulatory and legal environment within which data ethics management operates. By using multiple research methods and focusing on multiple dimensions of corporate use of analytics, our analysis provides an entrée into the state of the art of data ethics management.
Compilation Semantics for a Programming Language with Versions
Authors: Tanabe Yudai , Lubis Luthfan Anshar , Aotani Tomoyuki , Masuhara Hidehiko
Published: November 2023

Programming with versions is a paradigm that allows a program to use multiple versions of a module so that the programmer can selectively use functions from both older and newer versions of a single module. Previous work formalized $$\lambda _{\textrm{VL}}$$

λ
VL

, a core calculus for programming with versions, but it has not been integrated into practical programming languages. In this paper, we propose VL, a Haskell-subset surface language for $$\lambda _{\textrm{VL}}$$

λ
VL

along with its compilation method. We formally describe the core part of the VL compiler, which translates from the surface language to the core language by leveraging Girard’s translation, soundly infers the consistent version of expressions along with their types, and generates a multi-version interface by bundling specific-version interfaces. We conduct a case study to show how VL supports practical software evolution scenarios and discuss the method’s scalability.
Towards a Framework for Developing Verified Assemblers for the ELF Format
Authors: Wu Jinhua , Wang Yuting , Sun Meng , Xu Xiangzhe , Song Yichen
Published: November 2023

Most of the existing work on verified compilation leaves unverified the translation of assembly programs into binary code in object file formats (e.g., the Executable and Linkable Format or ELF). The challenges of developing verified assemblers come from the intrinsic complexities in low-level assembling processes caused by the need to support different computer architectures and their details, such as encoding a large number of instructions and verifying its correctness. We present a framework that overcomes the above challenges. It works as a template which may be instantiated to generate verified assemblers for different architectures targeting ELF object files. For this, it is parameterized over the implementation and verification of architecture-dependent assembling processes through well-defined interfaces. By plugging the architecture-dependent parts into the template, we get complete verified assemblers. To manage the complexity in developing and verifying encoding of instructions, we integrate into our framework the CSLED framework for automatically generating verified instruction encoders and decoders from declarative instruction specifications. To show the effectiveness of our framework, we have applied it to generate verified assemblers for the complete X86 and RISC-V assembly languages in CompCert.
Supraphysiological testosterone levels from anabolic steroid use and reduced sensitivity to negative facial expressions in men
Authors: Scarth Morgan , Hauger Lisa Evju , Thorsby Per Medbøe , Leknes Siri , Hullstein Ingunn R , Westlye Lars T. , Bjørnebekk Astrid
Published: November 2023

Rationale

Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are used to improve physical performance and appearance, but have been associated with deficits in social cognitive functioning. Approximately 30% of people who use AAS develop a dependence, increasing the risk for undesired effects.

Objectives

To assess the relationship between AAS use (current/previous), AAS dependence, and the ability to recognize emotional facial expressions, and investigate the potential mediating role of hormone levels.

Methods

In total 156 male weightlifters, including those with current (n = 45) or previous (n = 34) AAS use and never-using controls (n = 77), completed a facial Emotion Recognition Task (ERT). Participants were presented with faces expressing one out of six emotions (sadness, happiness, fear, anger, disgust, and surprise) and were instructed to indicate which of the six emotions each face displayed. ERT accuracy and response time were recorded and evaluated for association with AAS use status, AAS dependence, and serum reproductive hormone levels. Mediation models were used to evaluate the mediating role of androgens in the relationship between AAS use and ERT performance.

Results

Compared to never-using controls, men currently using AAS exhibited lower recognition accuracy for facial emotional expressions, particularly anger (Cohen’s d = −0.57, pFDR = 0.03) and disgust (d = −0.51, pFDR = 0.05). Those with AAS dependence (n = 47) demonstrated worse recognition of fear relative to men without dependence (d = 0.58, p = 0.03). Recognition of disgust was negatively correlated with serum free testosterone index (FTI); however, FTI did not significantly mediate the association between AAS use and recognition of disgust.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate impaired facial emotion recognition among men currently using AAS compared to controls. While further studies are needed to investigate potential mechanisms, our analysis did not support a simple mediation effect of serum FTI.
The role of flow cytometry in the classification of myeloid disorders
Authors: Saft Leonie
Published: November 2023

The World Health Organization classification (WHO-HAEM5) and the International Consensus Classification (ICC 2022) of myeloid neoplasms are based on the integration of clinical, morphologic, immunophenotypic, and genomic data. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping (FCIP) allows the identification, enumeration, and characterization of hematopoietic cells, and is therefore a powerful tool in the diagnosis, classification, and monitoring of hematological neoplasms. The vast majority of flow cytometry (FCM) studies in chronic myeloid neoplasms focus on its role in myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS). FCM can also be helpful for the assessment of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) and MDS/MPN, including the early detection of evolving myeloid or lymphoid blast crisis and the characterization of monocytic subsets. The classification of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is primarily based on cytogenetic and molecular findings; however, FCIP is needed for subclassification of AML, not otherwise specified (NOS; ICC)/AML defined by differentiation (WHO-HAEM5). The main role of FCM in AML remains in making a rapid diagnosis and as a tool for measurable residual disease monitoring. Machine learning and artificial intelligence approaches can be used to analyze and classify FCM data. This article, based on an invited lecture at the 106th Annual Meeting of the German Society of Pathology in 2023, reviews the role of FCM in the classification of myeloid neoplasms, including recent publications on the application of artificial intelligence.
Leaving Home: Cumulative Climate Shocks and Migration in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Di Falco Salvatore , Kis Anna B. , Viarengo Martina , Das Utsoree
Published: November 2023

We combine a multi-country household panel dataset with high-resolution gridded precipitation data to investigate how cumulative climatic shocks affects the decision to leave the households in five sub-Saharan African countries. We find that while the effect of recent adverse weather shocks is on average modest, the cumulative effect of a persistent exposure to droughts over several years leads to a significant increase in the probability for a household member to leave the household. We speculate that this pattern can be indicative of increased migratory flows due to increase in the frequency of extremes.
Implementation, Realization and an Effective Solver of Two-Equation Turbulence Models
Authors: Langer S. , Swanson R. C.
Published: November 2023

Currently, when the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations are solved using turbulence modelling, most often the one-equation model of Spalart and Allmaras is used. Then, it is only necessary to solve the RANS equations in conjunction with a single transport equation for modeling turbulence. For this model, considerable assessment and analysis has been performed, allowing the possibility of a reliable solution method for an eddy viscosity required to compute the Reynolds stresses in the RANS equations. Such evaluation along with analysis has not been performed for similar performance with two-equation models of the $$k$$
k
-$$\omega $$
ω
type. The primary objective of this paper is to present and discuss the components of an effective numerical algorithm for solving the RANS equations and the two transport equations of $$k$$
k
-$$\omega $$
ω
type turbulence models. All the important details of the turbulence model as actually implemented are given, which is sometimes not done in various papers considering such modeling. The viability and effectiveness of this solution algorithm are demonstrated by solving both two-dimensional and three-dimensional aerodynamic flows. In all applications, a linear rate of convergence without oscillations or other evidence of unstable behavior is observed. This behavior is also particularly true when the proposed algorithm is applied to systematically refined mesh sequences, which is generally not observed with algorithms solving more than one transport equation. Thus numerical integration errors are systematically reduced, allowing for a significantly more reliable assessment of the effectiveness of the model itself. Additionally, in this paper analysis of the solution algorithm, including linear stability, is also performed for a particular flow problem.
Systematic Review to Inform a World Health Organization (WHO) Clinical Practice Guideline: Benefits and Harms of Structured and Standardized Education or Advice for Chronic Primary low back pain in Adults
Authors: Southerst Danielle , Hincapié Cesar A. , Yu Hainan , Verville Leslie , Bussières André , Gross Douglas P. , Pereira Paulo , Mior Silvano , Tricco Andrea C. , Cedraschi Christine , Brunton Ginny , Nordin Margareta , Wong Jessica J. , Connell Gaelan , Shearer Heather M. , DeSouza Astrid , Muñoz Laguna Javier , Lee Joyce G. B. , To Daphne , Lalji Rahim , Stuber Kent , Funabashi Martha , Hofstetter Léonie , Myrtos Danny , Romanelli Andrew , Guist Brett , Young James J. , da Silva-Oolup Sophia , Stupar Maja , Wang Dan , Murnaghan Kent , Cancelliere Carol
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Evaluate benefits and harms of education/advice for chronic primary low back pain (CPLBP) in adults to inform a World Health Organization (WHO) standard clinical guideline.

Methods

Electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing education/advice compared with placebo/sham, usual care, or no intervention (including comparison interventions where the attributable effect of education/advice could be isolated). We conducted meta-analyses and graded the certainty of evidence.

Results

We screened 2514 citations and 86 full text RCTs and included 15 RCTs. Most outcomes were assessed 3 to 6 months post-intervention. Compared with no intervention, education/advice improved pain (10 RCTs, MD = -1.1, 95% CI -1.63 to -0.56), function (10 RCTs, SMD = -0.51, 95% CI -0.89 to -0.12), physical health-related quality of life (HRQoL) (2 RCTs, MD = 24.27, 95% CI 12.93 to 35.61), fear avoidance (5 RCTs, SMD = -1.4, 95% CI -2.51 to -0.29), depression (1 RCT; MD = 2.10, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.15), and self-efficacy (1 RCT; MD = 4.4, 95% CI 2.77 to 6.03). Education/advice conferred less benefit than sham Kinesio taping for improving fear avoidance regarding physical activity (1 RCT, MD = 5.41, 95% CI 0.28 to 10.54). Compared with usual care, education/advice improved pain (1 RCT, MD = -2.10, 95% CI -3.13 to -1.07) and function (1 RCT, MD = -7.80, 95% CI -14.28 to -1.32). There was little or no difference between education/advice and comparisons for other outcomes. For all outcomes, the certainty of evidence was very low.

Conclusion

Education/advice in adults with CPLBP was associated with improvements in pain, function, HRQoL, and psychological outcomes, but with very low certainty.
Effects of HepaSphere microsphere encapsule epirubicin with a new loading method transarterial chemoembolization: in vitro and in vivo experiments
Authors: Zhang Wen , Du Nan , Wang Liangwen , Yu Jiaze , Yang Minjie , Zhang Wei , Qu Xvdong , Luo Jianjun , Yan Zhiping
Published: November 2023

Methods

HS microspheres were loaded in a solution of hypertonic saline and contrast medium at different ratios. Morphology, size distribution, and drug loading capacity of the microsphere were evaluated. Rabbits with hepatic VX2 tumors underwent conventional TACE, drug-eluting beads TACE with HS microsphere loading epirubicin by recommended method (dTACE) or a new loading method (ndTACE). The plasma and tissue epirubicin concentration, tumor necrosis, and the microsphere distribution within the tumor were assessed.

Results

It was found that the mean diameter of HS microspheres was effectively reduced to 102 ± 14 μm after loading with 10.0% NaCl and Ultravist (370 mg I /mL) at a ratio of 2: 8 ml. The loading capacity reached 78.7%. It was noted that the concentration of tumor epirubicin was significantly higher (p = 0.016) in the ndTACE group (11,989.8 ± 5776.6 ng/g) than the concentration in the dTACE (6516.5 ± 3682.3 ng/g) and in cTACE groups (1564.1 ± 696.1 ng/g, p < 0.001). Further, the tumor necrosis in group with the new loading method (ndTACE) was 92.4%.

Conclusions

The size of HS microsphere can be effectively reduced when it is loaded with a mixture of hypertonic saline and non-ionic contrast material. HS microsphere loaded with epirubicin using the new method (ndTACE) can increase the drug concentration in tumor and hence exert better improved antitumor effect.
Investigation of daily patterns for smartphone keystroke dynamics based on loneliness and social isolation
Authors: Lim Seokbeen , Kim Chaeyeon , Cho Baek Hwan , Choi Soo-Hee , Lee Hyeongrae , Jang Dong Pyo
Published: November 2023

This study examined the relationship between loneliness levels and daily patterns of mobile keystroke dynamics in healthy individuals. Sixty-six young healthy Koreans participated in the experiment. Over five weeks, the participants used a custom Android keyboard. We divided the participants into four groups based on their level of loneliness (no loneliness, moderate loneliness, severe loneliness, and very severe loneliness). The very severe loneliness group demonstrated significantly higher typing counts during sleep time than the other three groups (one-way ANOVA, F = 3.75, p < 0.05). In addition, the average cosine similarity value of weekday and weekend typing patterns in the very severe loneliness group was higher than that in the no loneliness group (Welch’s t-test, t = 2.27, p < 0.05). This meant that the no loneliness group’s weekday and weekend typing patterns varied, whereas the very severe loneliness group’s weekday and weekend typing patterns did not. Our results indicated that individuals with very high levels of loneliness tended to use mobile keyboards during late-night hours and did not significantly change their smartphone usage behavior between weekdays and weekends. These findings suggest that mobile keystroke dynamics have the potential to be used for the early detection of loneliness and the development of targeted interventions.
Inclined Plane Shear Behaviour of a Recycled Construction and Demolition Material–Geocomposite Interface
Authors: Carneiro José Ricardo , Gomes Marisa , Vieira Castorina Silva
Published: November 2023

Over the years, recycled construction and demolition (RC&D) materials have become useful and valuable construction materials. The applications of these materials have been increasing, and there are cases where they may be in contact with geosynthetics. This work, which is part of a broader investigation into the feasibility of replacing soils used in landfill final cover systems by RC&D materials, analysed the inclined plane shear behaviour of the interface between a fine-grained RC&D material and a drainage geocomposite. Inclined plane shear tests were performed with different vertical stresses and different compaction conditions (degree of compaction and water content) of the RC&D material. The friction angle at the RC&D material-geocomposite interface was estimated by two approaches: the standard and the one based on the Mohr–Coulomb failure envelope. The sliding mechanism of the RC&D material over the geocomposite was examined. For comparison with the RC&D material-geocomposite interface, the behaviour of the RC&D material under inclined plane shear movement was also characterised. The main findings of the work included: the friction angle (standard approach) at the RC&D material-geocomposite interface decreased by increasing the applied vertical stress and the RC&D material water content (with meaningful changes in the slinging mechanism in the latter case), and tended to increase by increasing the degree of compaction of the RC&D material; the behaviour of the RC&D material under inclined plane shear movement did not differ significantly from that of the RC&D material-geocomposite interface; the failure envelope approach was more conservative (smaller friction angles) than the standard approach.
Error approximation for backwards and simple continued fractions
Authors: Bjorklund Cameron , Litman Matthew
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we provide a new framework for studying continued fractions (CFs) by means of the backwards continued fraction (BCF). We develop an approximation theory for BCFs based on taking expansions of a fixed length, show the correspondence between continued fractions and their BCFs counterpart, and illustrate a rich approximation theory for continued fractions based off the methods of the approximation theory for the backwards case. In particular, we construct explicit functions that are sharp bounds for the BCF or CF error infinitely often over any BCF or CF cylinder set, and work out the details to pass seamlessly between the BCF and CF expansion of any real number.
Death in the Time of Pandemic: A Tuscan Cholera Cemetery at Benabbio (1855)
Authors: Fornaciari Antonio
Published: November 2023

Cholera was one of the great killers of the 19th century. The pandemic waves that took place between 1823 and 1899 caused hundreds of thousands of deaths in the Mediterranean region and across Europe. However, the excavation of cholera cemeteries is very rare. This article presents the results of excavations at the cholera cemetery of Benabbio, a mountain village near Lucca (northwest Tuscany) in which cholera broke out in the late summer–early autumn of 1855, causing 46 deaths in a population of around 900 inhabitants. The excavation made it possible to detect for the first time the material characteristics of a cholera cemetery. The findings provide a new source for anthropologically reading the reaction of a community facing the mortality crisis, which fluctuated between acceptance of regulations imposed by the authorities and local strategies of resistance.
Albendazole-induced genotoxicity in the larvae of fall armyworm as a safe environmental tool
Authors: Malak Marian
Published: November 2023

Anthelmintic drugs are considered a new alternative strategy to control insect pests. Spodoptera frugiperda, fall armyworm (FAW), is one of the most serious pests of maize and cultivated plants. Albendazole (ABZ) is one of the safest anthelmintic drugs and is used worldwide in human and veterinary medicine. ABZ has not previously been used for controlling FAW, so the present study aimed to investigate the insecticidal and genotoxic effects of ABZ on FAW. ABZ produced a significant effect on the mortality of FAW. Also, drug treatment significantly disrupted the larval, pupal, and adult durations associated with malformations. Because ABZ interferes with microtubule formation, it could induce mortality and affect all physiological processes in FAW. Additionally, it can disrupt the chromosomes' alignment and result in the formation of micronuclei (MN), DNA damage, and cell death, thus causing ABZ-induced genotoxic effects on FAW larval hemocytes. The present study shows that the ABZ drug has a strong insecticidal potency and is a promising environmental safety tool to control the fall armyworm pest.

Graphical abstract
Transcriptomic response of Pinus massoniana to infection stress from the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
Authors: An Yibo , Li Yongxia , Ma Ling , Li Dongzhen , Zhang Wei , Feng Yuqian , Liu Zhenkai , Wang Xuan , Wen Xiaojian , Zhang Xingyao
Published: November 2023

The pinewood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is a forestry quarantine pest and causes an extremely dangerous forest disease that is spreading worldwide. Due to the complex pathogenic factors of pine wood nematode disease, the pathogenesis is still unknown. B. xylophilus ultimately invades a host and causes death. However, little is known about the defence-regulating process of host pine after infection by B. xylophilus at the molecular level. Therefore, we wanted to understand how Pinus massoniana regulates its response to invasion by B. xylophilus. P. massoniana were artificially inoculated with B. xylophilus solution, while those without B. xylophilus solution were used as controls. P. massoniana inoculated with B. xylophilus solution for 0 h, 6 h, 24 h, and 120 h was subjected to high-throughput sequencing to obtain transcriptome data. At various time points (0 h, 6 h, 24 h, 120 h), gene transcription was measured in P. massoniana inoculated with PWN. At different time points, P. massoniana gene transcription differed significantly, with a response to early invasion by PWN. According to Gene Ontology (GO) classification and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, P. massoniana response to PWN invasion involves a wide range of genes, including plant hormone signal transformation, flavonoid biosynthesis, amino sugar and nucleoside sugar metabolism, and MAPK signalling pathways. Among them, inoculation for 120 hours had the greatest impact on differential genes. Subsequently, weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to analyse transcriptional regulation of P. massoniana after PWN infection. The results showed that the core gene module of P. massoniana responding to PWN was “MEmagenta”, enriched in oxidative phosphorylation, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, and the MAPK signalling pathway. MYB family transcription factors with the highest number of changes between infected and healthy pine trees accounted for 20.4% of the total differentially expressed transcription factors. To conclude, this study contributes to our understanding of the molecular mechanism of initial PWN infection of P. massoniana. Moreover, it provides some important background information on PWN pathogenic mechanisms.
Adversarial machine learning phases of matter
Authors: Jiang Si , Lu Sirui , Deng Dong-Ling
Published: November 2023

We study the robustness of machine learning approaches to adversarial perturbations, with a focus on supervised learning scenarios. We find that typical phase classifiers based on deep neural networks are extremely vulnerable to adversarial perturbations: adding a tiny amount of carefully crafted noises into the original legitimate examples will cause the classifiers to make incorrect predictions at a notably high confidence level. Through the lens of activation maps, we find that some important underlying physical principles and symmetries remain to be adequately captured for classifiers with even near-perfect performance. This explains why adversarial perturbations exist for fooling these classifiers. In addition, we find that, after adversarial training the classifiers will become more consistent with physical laws and consequently more robust to certain kinds of adversarial perturbations. Our results provide valuable guidance for both theoretical and experimental future studies on applying machine learning techniques to condensed matter physics.