bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preoperative Nursing Care to Reduce Anxiety of Parent from Cancer Patient in Paediatric Surgical Ward
Authors: Gandana Ratna Suryani , Waluyanti Fajar Tri
Published: January 2020

Objective: Cancer or malignant tumors are one of the most experienced diseases in the world. The therapy to treat cancer requires a comprehensive examination, one of which is by doing a biopsy. Biopsy is a procedure that can cause anxiety in parents of children with cancer. One of the way to reduce anxiety in parents of children with cancer is to do preoperative education. The purpose of study was to determine the effects of preoperative education on anxiety in parents of cancer patients.

Methods: This was a case study of preoperative care to reduce anxiety of parents whose child has cancer and will undergo a surgery. The intervention included anticipatory guidance and preoperative education. Anticipatory guidance was given by actively listening to parents and child’s concerns and assist them to learn deep breathing relaxation techniques, and distraction.  The preoperative education was given using a flipchart containing information pertaining to the location and time of surgery, preoperative preparation, surgical procedures, and postoperative care.

Results: Parents’ anxiety declined from the score of 7 to 3. She also expressed the feeling of relieved. She looked calmer, focused and made eye contact.

Conclusion: Patient education along with anticipatory guidance needs to be provided by nurses during preoperative stage to reduce both parents and patients’ anxiety.

Key words: cancer, anxiety, parents, preoperative education
The Relationship between Nurses’ Caring Behaviors and Patient Characteristics with Adherence to Hemodialysis Therapy Management in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients
Authors: Zahra Khairina , Edison Chiyar
Published: January 2020

Objective: Hemodialysis therapy management consists of four main aspects; hemodialysis program, medication, fluid restriction, and diet. One of important factors in patients’ adherence to hemodialysis therapy is the relationship between health care providers and patients. Nurses have a great role in improving patients’ adherence since they have the most acquaintances with patients. The purpose of this study was to identify the association between caring nurses’ behaviors and respondent characteristics with adherence to hemodialysis therapy management in end- stage renal disease patients.

Methods: This study employed a descriptive quantitative research design with a cross sectional approach. A purposive sample of 97 ESRD patients on hemodialysis were involved in this study. data were collected using questionnaire to identify patients’ characteristics, perception on nurses caring behaviors, and compliance on hemodialysis therapy management. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses.

Results: Over half of the patients were adherent to hemodialysis therapy management (50.5%) and perceived that nurses have caring behaviors (54.6%). Age, gender, education, economic and marital status were not associated with patients’ adherence. In addition, nurses caring behaviors were not related with patients’ adherence. In contrast, family support was significantly linked with patients’ adherence (p = 0.033).

Conclusion: Nurses caring behaviors were not related to patients’ adherence but family support was. Nurses need to involve family in nursing care as appropriate to better improve patients’ adherence.

Key words: end- stage renal disease, nurses’ caring behaviors, patients’ adherence  
Membrane Interactivity of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs: A Literature Review
Authors: Tsuchiya Hironori , Mizogami Maki
Published: January 2020

Background: Although the mode of action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been exclusively referred to as inhibition of cyclooxygenase, their broad pharmacological and toxicological spectra are not necessarily interpreted by the direct interaction with such enzyme proteins.

Aims: Since NSAIDs have the common amphiphilic structure, they have the possibility of acting on membrane-constituting lipids. In order to gain insights into the additional mechanism of NSAIDs, we reviewed their membrane interactivity to modify the physicochemical properties of membranes.

Methodology: We retrieved scientific articles from PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar and ACS Publications by searching databases from 1990 to 2019. Research papers published in English in the internationally recognized journals and on-line journals were cited with preference to more recent publications. Collected articles were reviewed by title, abstract and text for relevance.

Results: Results of the literature search indicated that NSAIDs structure-specifically cause the in vitro and in vivo interactions with artificial and biological membranes to change membrane fluidity, lipid phase transition and permeability. The features and potencies of their membrane interactivity vary depending on drug concentration, medium pH and membrane lipid composition. In addition to membrane proteins, NSAIDs act on membrane lipids to exhibit the anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activity by interacting with lipid bilayer membranes at relatively low concentrations to decrease membrane fluidity and thereby affect the enzymatic activity of membrane-associated proteins and to exhibit the gastrointestinal and cardiovascular toxicity by interacting with membranous phospholipids at relatively high concentrations to increase membrane fluidity and thereby impair the membrane-relevant biofunctions. Other diverse effects of NSAIDs may also be related to their membrane interactions.

Conclusion: NSAIDs share the membrane interactivity common to them as one of possible pharmacological and toxicological mechanisms.
A SIRPα‐Fc fusion protein enhances the antitumor effect of oncolytic adenovirus against ovarian cancer
Authors: Huang Yao , Lv Sai‐qun , Liu Pin‐yi , Ye Zhen‐long , Yang Huan , Li Lin‐fang , Zhu Hai‐li , Wang Ying , Cui Lian‐zhen , Jiang Du‐qing , Hao Fang‐yuan , Xu Hui‐min , Jin Hua‐jun , Qian Qi‐jun
Published: January 2020

Oncolytic viruses armed with therapeutic transgenes of interest show great potential in cancer immunotherapy. Here, a novel oncolytic adenovirus carrying a signal regulatory protein‐α (SIRPα)‐IgG1 Fc fusion gene (termed SG635‐SF) was constructed, which could block the CD47 ‘don't eat me’ signal of cancer cells. A strong promoter sequence (CCAU) was chosen to control the expression of the SF fusion protein, and a 5/35 chimeric fiber was utilized to enhance the efficiency of infection. As a result, SG635‐SF was found to specifically proliferate in hTERT‐positive cancer cells and largely increased the abundance of the SF gene. The SF fusion protein was effectively detected, and CD47 was successfully blocked in SK‐OV3 and HO8910 ovarian cancer cells expressing high levels of CD47. Although the ability to induce cell cycle arrest and cell death was comparable to that of the control empty SG635 oncolytic adenovirus in vitro, the antitumor effect of SG635‐SF was significantly superior to that of SG635 in vivo. Furthermore, CD47 was largely blocked and macrophage infiltration distinctly increased in xenograft tissues of SK‐OV3 cells but not in those of CD47‐negative HepG2 cells, indicating that the enhanced antitumor effect of SG635‐SF was CD47‐dependent. Collectively, these findings highlight a potent antitumor effect of SG635‐SF in the treatment of CD47‐positive cancers.
Adaptive estimator‐based formation maneuvering control of nonholonomic mobile robots
Authors: Zou Ying , Wen Changyun , Guan Mingyang
Published: January 2020

In this paper, the formation maneuvering control problem for a group of nonholonomic mobile robots with the objective of having a desired formation shape described by distances between pairs of robots and an overall maneuvering velocity is studied. The desired maneuvering velocity, which can be constant or time‐varying, is only known to a set of agents. A control scheme consisting of an adaptive estimator and a modified gradient control law is proposed to solve this problem. The adaptive estimator is designed to estimate the desired maneuvering velocity in either constant or time‐varying situation. Utilizing the estimated velocity, a modified gradient control law is designed based on the nonholonomic kinematic model so that the objective is achieved. Local asymptotic convergence of the overall system is guaranteed by choosing appropriate control parameters. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is demonstrated through simulation results.
Report: It's time for insurers to ramp up methadone coverage in 2020
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: January 2020

Private insurers can play an immediate and pivotal role in 2020 in combating an underutilization of methadone treatment as the opioid crisis continues. However, it will take a coordinated effort among a broader set of stakeholders in order to achieve a full transformation of methadone treatment over the long term, a newly published report suggests.
Polymyxin B‐Polysaccharide Polyion Nanocomplex with Improved Biocompatibility and Unaffected Antibacterial Activity for Acute Lung Infection Management
Authors: Chai Mengying , Gao Yifan , Liu Jun , Deng Yongyan , Hu Dengfeng , Jin Qiao , Ji Jian
Published: January 2020

The decade‐old antibiotic, polymyxin B (PMB), is regarded as the last line defense against gram‐negative “superbug.” However, the serious nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity strongly obstruct further application of this highly effective antibiotic. Herein, a charge switchable polyion nanocomplex exhibiting pH‐sensitive property is proposed to deliver PMB which is expected to improve the biosafety of PMB on the premise of retaining excellent antibacterial activity. The polyion nanocomplex is prepared through electrostatic interaction of positively charged PMB and negatively charged 2,3‐dimethyl maleic anhydride (DA) grafted chitoligosaccharide (CS). The negative charge of CS‐DA will convert to positive due to the hydrolysis of amide bonds in acidic infectious environment, leading to the disassembly of CS‐DA/PMB nanocomplex and release of PMB. CS‐DA/PMB nanocomplex does not show significant toxicity to mammalian cells while retaining excellent bactericidal capability equivalent to free PMB. The nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity of CS‐DA/PMB dramatically decrease compared to free PMB. Moreover, CS‐DA/PMB nanocomplex exhibits superior bactericidal activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an acute lung infection mouse model. The pH‐sensitive polyion nanocomplexes may provide a new way to reduce the side effects of highly toxic antibiotics without reducing their intrinsic antibacterial activity, which is the key factor to achieve extensive in vivo clinical applications.
Factors driving olfactory loss in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis: a case control study
Authors: Schlosser Rodney J. , Smith Timothy L. , Mace Jess C. , Alt Jeremiah , Beswick Daniel M. , Mattos Jose L. , Payne Spencer , Ramakrishnan Vijay R. , Soler Zachary M
Published: January 2020

Background

Olfactory dysfunction (OD) in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is common. It is likely that numerous factors such as sex, race, age, allergies, asthma, smoking, and other comorbidities play a role in CRS‐related OD. In order to determine which aspects of OD are due solely to CRS and which are associated with other confounders, control populations are needed to allow appropriate risk assessments.

Methods

Prospective, multi‐institutional enrollment of patients with CRS and control subjects without CRS was performed. Demographic information, comorbidities, and olfactory testing (Sniffin’ Sticks) of threshold (T), discrimination (D), and identification (I) scores (TDI) was collected.

Results

A total of 224 patients with CRS and 164 control subjects were enrolled. Olfaction was worse in CRS patients compared to controls (mean ± standard deviation (SD) TDI = 22.4 ± 9.5 vs 28.8 ± 7.0, respectively, p < 0.001). Only 27% of CRS patients were normosmic compared to 49% of controls (p < 0.001). When stratifying by nasal polyp (NP) status, CRSwNP patients had significant impairments in TDI, T, D, and I compared to controls with mean differences of 11.2, 3.3, 3.5, and 4.4 points, respectively (all p < 0.001). In contrast, CRSsNP patients only had impaired T when compared to controls with a mean difference of 2.2 points (p < 0.001). Multivariate modeling of TDI scoring showed that OD was driven by polyps, asthma, diabetes, and age. CRSsNP was not independently associated with worse TDI scores.

Conclusion

OD in CRS patients is multifactorial. Independent drivers appear to be polyp status, asthma, diabetes, and age. OD in patients with CRSsNP is similar to controls with the exception of impaired thresholds.
Developing a cancer‐specific trigger tool to identify treatment‐related adverse events using administrative data
Authors: Weingart Saul N. , Nelson Jason , Koethe Benjamin , Yaghi Omar , Dunning Stephan , Feldman Albert , Kent David M. , Lipitz‐Snyderman Allison
Published: January 2020

Background

As there are few validated tools to identify treatment‐related adverse events across cancer care settings, we sought to develop oncology‐specific “triggers” to flag potential adverse events among cancer patients using claims data.

Methods

322 887 adult patients undergoing an initial course of cancer‐directed therapy for breast, colorectal, lung, or prostate cancer from 2008 to 2014 were drawn from a large commercial claims database. We defined 16 oncology‐specific triggers using diagnosis and procedure codes. To distinguish treatment‐related complications from comorbidities, we required a logical and temporal relationship between a treatment and the associated trigger. We tabulated the prevalence of triggers by cancer type and metastatic status during 1‐year of follow‐up, and examined cancer trigger risk factors.

Results

Cancer‐specific trigger events affected 19% of patients over the initial treatment year. The trigger burden varied by disease and metastatic status, from 6% of patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer to 41% and 50% of those with metastatic colorectal and lung cancers, respectively. The most prevalent triggers were abnormal serum bicarbonate, blood transfusion, non‐contrast chest CT scan following radiation therapy, and hypoxemia. Among patients with metastatic disease, 10% had one trigger event and 29% had two or more. Triggers were more common among older patients, women, non‐whites, patients with low family incomes, and those without a college education.

Conclusions

Oncology‐specific triggers offer a promising method for identifying potential patient safety events among patients across cancer care settings.
ACA, integration, innovation top readers' interests in 2020
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: January 2020

We asked our readers to send us their thoughts on the challenges and opportunities awaiting the field in 2020. Here are some of the comments we received. More to come next week.
Making the case to expand addiction, MH treatment in 2020
Authors: Ingoglia Chuck
Published: January 2020

As a new year begins, the National Council for Behavioral Health is grateful for the consistent bipartisan support for mental health– and addiction–related issues.
Interdisciplinary identification of the skeletal remains of Catherine Roberts‐Davies, The first Welsh settler death in Patagonia, Argentina in 1865
Authors: Dahinten Silvia , Otero Julieta Gómez , Suby Jorge , Coronato Fernando , Vullo Carlos
Published: January 2020

In 1995, an almost complete human skeleton was found in Punta Cuevas, in the southern coast of Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina. The burial traits and the associated objects suggested the skeleton might belong to Mrs. Catherine Roberts‐Davies, a middle‐aged woman who was the first dead person among the first group of 163 Welsh settlers that set sail on May 28, 1865, from Liverpool to Bahía Nueva, in Argentinian Patagonia. The aim of this paper is to present the interdisciplinary studies conducted between 1995 and 2016 in order to identify these remains and to explore the possible causes of death. The age at death of the skeleton was estimated between 25 and 40 years old and sexed as female. The analyses of mtDNA haplogroup resulted in K2a, which is highly frequent in European populations. An ascendant maternal genealogy of Mrs. Roberts‐Davies was reconstructed, based on documentary sources. After this genealogical research, a living descendant, who currently lives in Wales, was found. An mtDNA analysis of control region 16024‐576 was compared among samples taken from the unknown skeleton and the descendant. The results confirmed that the skeleton found in Punta Cuevas belongs to Mrs. Catherine Roberts‐Davies. With respect to the cause of death, according to two historical medical reports, Mrs. Roberts‐Davies died from “black fever” (i.e., visceral leishmaniasis) or scurvy. Skeletal evidence suggests that she could have suffered from scurvy as a consequence of the harsh conditions of living during the trip from Liverpool and the first days after the arrival to Patagonia.
An effective surface modification of UHMWPE fiber for improving the interfacial adhesion of epoxy resin composites
Authors: Wang Shicheng , Ma Jinyang , Feng Xia , Cheng Jinxue , Ma Xiao , Zhao Yiping , Chen Li
Published: January 2020

Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber composite was reinforced by coating a functional layer on the surface of the UHMWPE fiber to improve interfacial adhesion between the fiber and the resin matrix. In this work, tannic acid (TA)‐Na+ composite modified UHMWPE fiber was used to improve moisture wettability and adhesion between the fiber and the resin. This approach had the advantages of being green, sustainable, lossless, low‐cost, and industrialized. The surface characteristics of UHMWPE fiber were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the TA coating can improve the surface roughness, wettability, and adhesion of UHMWPE fiber, thereby improving the interface properties between fiber and resin. The tensile strength of interfacial shear strength and macro‐composites of TA coating UHMWPE fiber increased by 43.3% and 28%, respectively.
X‐perimente – das Unsichtbare sichtbar machen
Authors: Busch Uwe , Marmé Nicole , Knemeyer Jens‐Peter , Rosendahl Wilfried
Published: January 2020

In diesem Jahr wird bundesweit der 125. Entdeckungstag der Röntgenstrahlen und der 175. Geburtstag ihres Entdeckers Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen gefeiert. Für das Röntgenjahr 2020 haben sich das Deutsche Röntgen‐Museum (DRM) in Remscheid und die Reiss‐Engelhorn‐Museen (rem) in Mannheim ein X‐perimente Mobil konzipiert und mit zahlreichen Experimenten und Gerätesets ausgestattet, das Schulen und Bildungseinrichtungen anfährt.
Das indische Kondensat
Authors: Loos Andreas
Published: January 2020

Seine Augen sind schlecht. Kaum ein Portrait zeigt ihn ohne seine starke Brille. Mit Ausnahme von einer Gruppenaufnahme: Da steht er zwischen Chemikern und Physikern, gekleidet in Saris, Dhothis und Umschlagtücher, er selbst trägt eine leichte halblange Jacke. Ein Lächeln umspielt seine Lippen, er wirkt selbstsicher. Kein Wunder: Als dieses Foto an der Universität Kalkutta entsteht, zählt der Gesuchte zu den bekanntesten Söhnen der Stadt.
Quetiapine and QTc prolongation in critically ill patients
Authors: Lam Y. W. Francis
Published: January 2020

Antipsychotics are commonly used in the management of delirium, generally in order to ameliorate agitation and other behavioral disturbances. However, the rare but potentially life‐threatening atypical ventricular tachycardia known as torsade de pointes can be associated with the use of antipsychotics, as a result of their effect on delaying cardiac conduction, as evidenced by a prolonged corrected QT interval (QTc) on the electrocardiogram.
Misleading signals in joint schemes for the mean vector and covariance matrix
Authors: Cabral Morais Manuel , Schmid Wolfgang , Ferreira Ramos Patrícia , Lazariv Taras , Pacheco António
Published: January 2020

In multivariate statistical process control, it is recommendable to run two individual charts: one for the process mean vector and another one for the covariance matrix. The resulting joint scheme provides a way to satisfy Shewhart's dictum that proper process control implies monitoring both process location and spread.

The multivariate quality characteristic is deemed to be out of control whenever a signal is triggered by either individual chart of the joint scheme. Consequently, a shift in the mean vector can be misinterpreted as a shift in the covariance matrix and vice versa. Compelling results are provided to give the quality control practitioner an idea of how joint schemes for the mean vector and covariance matrix are prone to trigger misleading signals that will likely lead to a incorrect diagnostic of which parameter has changed.
Scattering of compact oscillons
Authors: Hahne F. M. , Klimas P. , Streibel J. S. , Zakrzewski W. J.
Published: January 2020

Abstract

We study various aspects of the scattering of generalized compact oscillons in the signum-Gordon model in (1+1) dimensions. Using covariance of the model we construct traveling oscillons and study their interactions and the dependence of these interactions on the oscillons’ initial velocities and their relative phases. The scattering processes transform the two incoming oscillons into two outgoing ones and lead to the generation of extra oscillons which appear in the form of jet-like cascades. Such cascades vanish for some values of free parameters and the scattering processes, even though our model is non-integrable, resemble typical scattering processes normally observed for integrable or quasi-integrable models.

Occasionally, in the intermediate stage of the process, we have seen the emission of shock waves and we have noticed that, in general, outgoing oscillons have been more involved in their emission than the initial ones i.e. they have a border in the form of curved worldlines.

The results of our studies of the scattering of oscillons suggest that the radiation of the signum-Gordon model has a fractal-like nature.
Axion-like-particle decay in strong electromagnetic backgrounds
Authors: King B. , Dillon B. M. , Beyer K. A. , Gregori G.
Published: January 2020

Abstract

The decay of a massive pseudoscalar, scalar and U(1) boson into an electron-positron pair in the presence of strong electromagnetic backgrounds is calculated. Of particular interest is the constant-crossed-field limit, relevant for experiments that aim to measure high-energy axion-like-particle conversion into electron-positron pairs in a magnetic field. The total probability depends on the quantum nonlinearity parameter — a product of field and lightfront momentum invariants. Depending on the seed particle mass, different decay regimes are identified. In the below-threshold case, we find the probability depends on a non-perturbative tunneling exponent depending on the quantum parameter and the particle mass. In the above-threshold case, we find that when the quantum parameter is varied linearly, the probability oscillates nonlinearly around the spontaneous decay probability. A strong-field limit is identified in which the threshold is found to disappear. In modelling the fall-off of a quasi-constant-crossed magnetic field, we calculate probabilities beyond the constant limit and investigate when the decay probability can be regarded as locally constant.
There is more to memory than recollection and familiarity
Authors: Kihlstrom John F.
Published: January 2020

Theoretical models of memory retrieval have focused on processes of recollection and familiarity. Research suggests that there are still other processes involved in memory reconstruction, leading to experiences of knowing and inferring the past. Understanding these experiences, and the cognitive processes that give rise to them, seems likely to further expand our understanding of the neural substrates of memory.
Two processes are not necessary to understand memory deficits
Authors: Osth Adam F. , Dunn John C. , Heathcote Andrew , Ratcliff Roger
Published: January 2020

Bastin et al. propose a dual-process model to understand memory deficits. However, results from state-trace analysis have suggested a single underlying variable in behavioral and neural data. We advocate the usage of unidimensional models that are supported by data and have been successful in understanding memory deficits and in linking to neural data.
The integrative memory model is detailed, but skimps on false memories and development
Authors: Bodner Glen E. , Bernstein Daniel M.
Published: January 2020

The integrative memory model combines five core memory systems with an attributional system. We agree with Bastin et al. that this melding is the most novel aspect of the model. But we await further evidence that the model's substantial complexity informs our understanding of false memories or of the development of recollection and familiarity.
Global matching and fluency attribution in familiarity assessment
Authors: Yang Haopei , Köhler Stefan
Published: January 2020

In the integrative memory model proposed by Bastin et al., familiarity is thought to arise from attribution of fluency signals. We suggest that, from a computational and anatomical perspective, this conceptualization converges with a global-matching account of familiarity assessment. We also argue that consideration of global matching and evidence accumulation in decision making could help further our understanding of the proposed attribution system.
Cutting out the middleman: Separating attributional biases from memory deficits
Authors: Wang Wei-Chun
Published: January 2020

Bastin and colleagues present an integrative model of how recollection- and familiarity-based memories are represented in the brain. While they emphasize the role of attribution mechanisms in shaping memory retrieval, prior work examining implicit memory suggests that memory deficits may be better understood by separating attributional biases from the underlying memory traces.
Recalling Milton Keynes: visions of suburbia
Authors: Prichard David , Sookhoo Dhruv
Published: January 2020

In 1972, David Prichard joined Richard MacCormac and Peter Jamieson to form the architectural practice of MacCormac Jamieson Prichard [1]. He has contributed to the design and delivery of residential masterplans and developments across the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, including in the New Towns of Milton Keynes, Cwmbrân, Warrington, Basildon and the London Docklands, and leading the Ballymun Regeneration Masterplan.
Impacts of Binning Methods on High‐Latitude Electrodynamic Forcing: Static Versus Boundary‐Oriented Binning Methods
Authors: Zhu Qingyu , Deng Yue , Richmond Arthur , Maute Astrid , Chen Yun‐Ju , Hairston Marc , Kilcommons Liam , Knipp Delores , Redmon Robert , Mitchell Elizabeth
Published: January 2020

An outstanding issue in the general circulation model simulations for Earth's upper atmosphere is the inaccurate estimation of Joule heating, which could be associated with the inaccuracy of empirical models for high‐latitude electrodynamic forcing. The binning methods used to develop those empirical models may contribute to the inaccuracy. Traditionally, data are binned through a static binning approach by using fixed geomagnetic coordinates, in which the dynamic nature of the forcing is not considered and therefore the forcing patterns may be significantly smeared. To avoid the smoothing issue, data can be binned according to some physically important boundaries in the high‐latitude forcing, that is, through a boundary‐oriented binning approach. In this study, we have investigated the sensitivity of high‐latitude forcing patterns to the binning methods by applying both static and boundary‐oriented binning approaches to the electron precipitation and electric potential data from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program satellites. For this initial study, we have focused on the moderately strong and dominantly southward interplanetary magnetic field conditions. As compared with the static binning results, the boundary‐oriented binning approach can provide a more confined and intense electron precipitation pattern. In addition, the magnitudes of the electric potential and electric field in the boundary‐oriented binning results increase near the convection reversal boundary, leading to a ~11% enhancement of the cross polar cap potential. The forcing patterns obtained from both binning approaches are used to drive the Global Ionosphere and Thermosphere Model to assess the impacts on Joule heating by using different binning patterns. It is found that the hemispheric‐integrated Joule heating in the simulation driven by the boundary‐oriented binning patterns is 18% higher than that driven by the static binning patterns.
The Upper Mantle Structure of Northwestern Canada From Teleseismic Body Wave Tomography
Authors: Estève C. , Audet P. , Schaeffer A.J. , Schutt D. , Aster R.C. , Cubley J.
Published: January 2020

The Northern Canadian Cordillera (NCC) is an actively deforming orogenic belt in northwestern Canada. Geochemical and geophysical data show that the NCC is underlain by a thin and hot lithosphere, in contrast with the adjacent cold and thick cratonic lithosphere to the east. This juxtaposition of cold/hot and thick/thin lithosphere across a narrow transition zone has important implications for regional geodynamics. The recent deployment of USArray Transportable Array and other seismic stations across Alaska, USA, and northwestern Canada allows us to image lithosphere and upper mantle three‐dimensional seismic velocity structure at significantly improved resolution. Our model reveals a broad high‐velocity anomaly across northern Yukon and Northwest Territories, which is interpreted as buried cratonic lithosphere and which we refer to as the Mackenzie craton. Another prominent high‐velocity anomaly is imaged beneath northeastern British Columbia and is interpreted to indicate cratonic lithosphere beneath the Northern Rocky Mountains. These two mechanically strong lithospheric blocks, also suggested by regional magnetic data, are interpreted to buttress the ends of the Mackenzie Mountains fold and thrust belt, guiding intervening cordilleran mantle flow toward the Canadian Shield and controlling the arcuate geometry of the Mackenzie Mountains fold and thrust belt. Both
and
wave models also reveal the signature of a northward dipping, subducting Wrangell slab across the southern region of the Alaska/Yukon border. Strong
and
wave velocity contrasts across the Tintina Fault suggest that it is a lithosphere‐scale shear zone that extends into the upper mantle beneath the NCC and demarcates distinct regions of lithospheric mantle.
Illuminating the Meaning of Asian Monsoon Cave Speleothem Records
Authors: Lachniet Matthew S.
Published: January 2020

The Asian Monsoon is one of Earth's major climatic zones, and its past history is of prime interest to paleoclimatologists interested in disentangling the various forcings that have controlled its strength over time. With the iconic speleothem (cave calcite) records from oxygen isotopes (d18O) now reaching back ~650,000 years (Cheng et al., 2016), much attention has focused on the origins of the Asian Monsoon variations. The speleothem records showed a strong control Earth's 23,000 year orbital precession cycle on variations in d18O, and these isotope variations in turn have been interpreted as proxies of monsoon processes.
Increased Dissolved Organic Carbon Concentrations in Peat‐Fed UK Water Supplies Under Future Climate and Sulfate Deposition Scenarios
Authors: Xu J. , Morris P. J. , Liu J. , Ledesma J. L. J. , Holden J.
Published: January 2020

Peatlands are globally‐important terrestrial carbon stores as well as regional sources of potable water supply. Water draining from peatlands is rich in dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which can be problematic for water treatment. However, it is unclear how future climate and sulfate deposition changes may impact DOC in peatland‐derived potable water. The United Kingdom (UK) is a global hotspot that consumes 79% of all potable water derived directly from peatlands. Here, a physically‐based hydrological model and a biogeochemical organic carbon model were used to predict discharge and DOC concentration in nine hotspots of peatland‐derived potable water use in the UK under a range of 21st century climate and sulfate deposition scenarios. These nine catchments supply 72% of all peatland‐derived water consumed in the UK and 57% of the global total, equivalent to the total domestic consumption of over 14 million people. Our simulations indicate that annual discharges will decrease and that mean annual DOC concentrations will increase under all future scenarios (by as much as 53.4% annually for the highest emissions scenario) in all catchments. Large increases (by as much as a factor of 1.6) in DOC concentration in the 2090s over the baseline period are projected for autumn and winter, seasons when DOC concentrations are already high in the baseline datasets such that water treatment works often reach their capacity to cope. The total DOC flux is largely insensitive to future climate change because the projected increase in DOC concentration is mostly counterbalanced by the projected decrease in discharge.
A Data Censoring Approach for Predictive Error Modeling of Flow in Ephemeral Rivers
Authors: Wang Quan J. , Bennett James C. , Robertson David E. , Li Ming
Published: January 2020

Flow simulations of ephemeral rivers are often highly uncertain. Therefore, error models that can reliably quantify predictive uncertainty are particularly important. Existing error models are incapable of producing predictive distributions that contain >50% zeros, making them unsuitable for use in highly ephemeral rivers. We propose a new method to produce reliable predictions in highly ephemeral rivers. The method uses data censoring of observed and simulated flow to estimate model parameters by maximum likelihood. Predictive uncertainty is conditioned on the simulation in such a way that it can generate >50% zeros. Our method allows the setting of a censoring threshold above zero. Many conceptual hydrological models can only approach, but never equal, zero. For these hydrological models, we show that setting a censoring threshold slightly above zero is required to produce reliable predictive distributions in highly ephemeral catchments. Our new method allows reliable predictions to be generated even in highly ephemeral catchments.
New selective thiolate gold(i) complexes inhibit the proliferation of different human cancer cells and induce apoptosis in primary cultures of mouse colon tumors
Authors: Abas Elisa , Pena-Martinez Raquel , Aguirre-Ramírez Diego , Rodriguez-Dieguez Antonio , Laguna Mariano , Grasa Laura
Published: January 2020

New thiolate gold(i) complexes with P(NMe2)3(HMPT) as phosphane group have been developed as proapoptotic and selective anticancer drugs.
Palladium-catalyzed intramolecular dehydrogenative coupling of BH and OH: synthesis of carborane-fused benzoxaboroles
Authors: Cui Chun-Xiao , Zhang Jie , Qiu Zaozao , Xie Zuowei
Published: January 2020

A Pd-catalyzed intramolecular dehydrogenative coupling of BH and OH for the construction of cage B–O bonds was developed to afford C,B-carborane-fused heterocycles.
A non-linear phenomenon observed in the photochromic crystals of a rhodium dithionite complex with n-propyl moieties
Authors: Nakai Hidetaka , Miyata Seiya , Kajiwara Yuu , Ozawa Yoshiki , Abe Masaaki
Published: January 2020

A non-linear relationship between the conformational change of an n-propyl moiety and photochromic reaction was observed by performing time-dependent X-ray diffraction experiments.
Après-Ski in der Handtherapie – Skidaumen
Authors: Wittek Svenja
Published: January 2020

Durch ein (teilweise) gerissenes Seitenband wird das Daumengrundgelenk instabil, was die Greiffunktion einschränkt. Diese Verletzung trifft häufig Skifahrer, die ihr ihren Namen gaben: Skidaumen. Handtherapie kann dem Gelenk wieder zu Stabilität und Mobilität verhelfen.
Three Ways Aliphatic Aldehydes React with Nonstabilized Azomethine Ylides
Authors: Moshkin Vladimir S. , Gorbunova Evgeniya V. , Buev Evgeny M. , Sosnovskikh Vyacheslav Y.
Published: January 2020

Aliphatic aldehydes readily react with nonstabilized azomethine ylides in one of the three ways to give oxazolidines, pyrrolidines, or Mannich bases, depending on the structure of the starting compound and the reaction conditions. The use of N-(methoxymethyl)-N-[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]benzylamine in DMF provided 5-alkyloxazolidines in 40–97% yields. On the other hand, three-component reactions of aliphatic aldehydes bearing one α-hydrogen with N-methyl(benzyl)glycine and formaldehyde gives Mannich bases in yields of 47–98%. A similar reaction of aldehydes bearing branched alkyl groups and two hydrogen atoms at the α-position proceeds as a domino process that gives 3-alkyl-3-formylpyrrolidines in yields of 34–93%.
Electromechanical impedance instrumented circular piezoelectric-metal transducer for corrosion monitoring: modeling and validation
Authors: Li Weijie , Wang Jianjun , Liu Tiejun , Luo Mingzhang
Published: January 2020

Corrosion induced thickness loss of metallic structures is one of the most common issues across multiple industries. In our previous work, a new type of corrosion sensor based on lead zirconate titanate (PZT) using electromechanical impedance (EMI) technique was proposed. The sensor is fabricated by bonding a PZT patch onto a metal plate. The previous work has demonstrated that the peak frequencies in the conductance signatures decrease linearly with the increase of the corrosion induced thickness loss. However, a theoretical model that fully describe the coupled vibration between piezoelectric element and the metal plate, and the EMI characteristics has not been established. This paper presents the theoretical modeling of the EMI instrumented circular piezoelectric-metal transducer for corrosion monitoring purpose. Based on electro-elastic and Kirchhoff plate theory, the EMI responses of the transducer operated in transverse bending modes with free boundary conditions were modeled. Finite element modeling calculations and experimental measurement were conducted to validate the theoretical results with good agreement.
Epidermal ROCK2 induces AKT1/GSK3β/β-catenin, NFκB and dermal tenascin C; but enhanced differentiation and p53/p21 inhibit papilloma
Authors: Masre Siti F , Rath Nicola , Olson Michael F , Greenhalgh David A
Published: January 2020

ROCK2 roles in epidermal differentiation and carcinogenesis have been investigated in mice expressing an RU486-inducible, 4HT-activated ROCK2 transgene (K14.creP/lslROCKer). RU486/4HT-mediated ROCKer activation induced epidermal hyperplasia similar to cutaneous oncogenic rasHa (HK1.ras); however ROCKer did not elicit papillomas. Instead, anomalous basal-layer ROCKer expression corrupted normal ROCK2 roles underlying epidermal rigidity/stiffness and barrier maintanance, resulting in premature keratin K1, loricrin and filaggrin expression. Also, hyperproliferative/stress-associated keratin K6 was reduced; possibly reflecting altered ROCK2 roles in epidermal rigidity and keratinocyte flexibility/migration during wound healing. Consistent with increased proliferation, K14.creP/lslROCKer hyperplasia displayed supra-basal-to-basal increases in activated p-AKT1, inactivated p-GSK3β ser9 and membranous/nuclear β-catenin expression together with weak NFκB, which were absent in equivalent HK1.ras hyperplasia. Furthermore, ROCKer-mediated increases in epidermal rigidity via p-MypT1 inactivation/elevated MLC, coupled to anomalous β-catenin expression, induced tenascin C-positive dermal fibroblasts. Alongside an altered ECM, these latent tenascin C-positive dermal fibroblasts may become putative pre-cancer–associated fibroblasts (pre-CAFs) and establish a susceptibility that subsequently contributes to tumour progression. However, anomalous differentiation was also accompanied by an immediate increase in basal-layer p53/p21 expression; suggesting that while ROCK2/AKT1/β-catenin activation increased keratinocyte proliferation resulting in hyperplasia, compensatory p53/p21 and accelerated differentiation helped inhibit papillomatogenesis.
Plague: Still a Threat, but Evidence and Preparedness Are Keys to Fighting Back
Authors: Adalja Amesh , Nelson Christina A
Published: January 2020

Yersinia pestis continues to cause naturally occurring outbreaks in certain regions worldwide and is a potential bioterrorism agent. This supplement presents new data on plague to advance current knowledge and inform new clinical guidelines for treatment and prophylaxis.
Family medicine physicians’ confidence and perceived effectiveness in delivering health behaviour change interventions
Authors: Sherman Michelle D , Hooker Stephanie A
Published: January 2020

Background

Approximately 40% of deaths in the USA are attributable to modifiable health behaviours. Despite clear recommendations and practice guidelines, primary care physicians (PCPs) generally do not dedicate much time to addressing health behaviours, thereby missing opportunities to improve patient well-being.

Objective(s)

To examine what health behaviour change techniques PCPs use with their patients, including frequency of use, confidence in and perceived effectiveness of those interventions.

Methods

Using a cross-sectional study design, family medicine resident and faculty physicians (n = 68) from three residency training programs completed an anonymous online survey. Questions explored their use of, confidence in and perceived effectiveness of health behaviour change interventions for six domains: physical activity, healthy eating, medication adherence, smoking cessation, sleep and alcohol reduction. Qualitative responses to open-ended questions were double coded by two independent raters. PCPs’ open-ended responses to questions regarding specific intervention techniques were coded using an evidence-based behaviour change taxonomy.

Results

Although PCPs indicated that they address health behaviour topics quite frequently with their patients, they reported only moderate confidence and low-to-moderate perceived effectiveness with their interventions. The most frequently cited technique was providing instruction (telling patients what to do). PCPs reported lowest frequency of addressing, lowest confidence and lowest effectiveness regarding helping patients decrease their use of alcohol. Insufficient time and perceived low patient motivation were commonly cited barriers.

Conclusion

These findings highlight the need for the development and evaluation of educational curricula to teach physicians brief, evidence-based approaches to helping patients make these changes in their health-related behaviours.
Sexuality as a Standard of Civilization: Historicizing (Homo)Colonial Intersections of Race, Gender, and Class
Authors: Delatolla Andrew
Published: January 2020

In recent years, acceptance and tolerance of homosexuality has become symbolic of Western liberal, social, and political progress. This has been noted in discussions on homonormativity, homonationalism, and homocolonialism. While some of these discussions have touched on the intersections between sexuality, race, gender, and class, this article argues that this relationship has been historically produced as a standard of civilization. It notes that the politics and governance of sexuality, and its intersections with race, gender, and class, have historical relevance in producing social and political exclusions. In building this argument, the article considers how the politics and governance of sexuality have maintained a “divided world,” from the nineteenth century to the twenty-first century, transforming from a hetero- to a homocolonial standard of civilization. It draws from a number of examples, from the nineteenth century to the contemporary period, using a diverse set of materials, including ethnographic research, fieldwork, and historical documents to explain temporal and geographic connections regarding the politics of sexuality.
Binding interface and impact on protease cleavage for an RNA aptamer to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase
Authors: Nguyen Phuong D M , Zheng Jie , Gremminger Thomas J , Qiu Liming , Zhang Dong , Tuske Steve , Lange Margaret J , Griffin Patrick R , Arnold Eddy , Chen Shi-Jie , Zou Xiaoqin , Heng Xiao , Burke Donald H
Published: January 2020

RNA aptamers that bind HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibit RT in enzymatic and viral replication assays. Some aptamers inhibit RT from only a few viral clades, while others show broad-spectrum inhibition. Biophysical determinants of recognition specificity are poorly understood. We investigated the interface between HIV-1 RT and a broad–spectrum UCAA-family aptamer. SAR and hydroxyl radical probing identified aptamer structural elements critical for inhibition and established the role of signature UCAA bulge motif in RT-aptamer interaction. HDX footprinting on RT ± aptamer shows strong contacts with both subunits, especially near the C-terminus of p51. Alanine scanning revealed decreased inhibition by the aptamer for mutants P420A, L422A and K424A. 2D proton nuclear magnetic resonance and SAXS data provided constraints on the solution structure of the aptamer and enable computational modeling of the docked complex with RT. Surprisingly, the aptamer enhanced proteolytic cleavage of precursor p66/p66 by HIV-1 protease, suggesting that it stabilizes the productive conformation to allow maturation. These results illuminate features at the RT-aptamer interface that govern recognition specificity by a broad-spectrum antiviral aptamer, and they open new possibilities for accelerating RT maturation and interfering with viral replication.
Identifying Sources of Inefficiency in Healthcare*
Authors: Chandra Amitabh , Staiger Douglas O
Published: January 2020

In medicine, the reasons for variation in treatment rates across hospitals serving similar patients are not well understood. Some interpret this variation as unwarranted and push standardization of care as a way of reducing allocative inefficiency. An alternative interpretation is that hospitals with greater expertise in a treatment use it more because of their comparative advantage, suggesting that standardization is misguided. A simple economic model provides an empirical framework to separate these explanations. Estimating this model with data for heart attack patients, we find evidence of substantial variation across hospitals in allocative inefficiency and comparative advantage, with most hospitals overusing treatment in part because of incorrect beliefs about their comparative advantage. A stylized welfare calculation suggests that eliminating allocative inefficiency would increase the total benefits from the treatment that we study by 44%.