bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single-Location and Multi-Locations Scenarios Generation for Wind Power Based On WGAN-GP
Authors: Zhu Jianan , Ai Qian , Chen Yun , Wang Jiayu
Published: March 2023

To address the randomness of renewable energy, scenario generation can simulate the random process of renewable energy. Still, most of the previous scenario generation algorithms are based on assumed probability distribution models, which are difficult to grasp the dynamic characteristics of renewable energy accurately. Based on an improved generative adversarial network algorithm, this paper generates single-site and multi-site scenarios for wind power generation data. The temporal and spatial correlations of the generated data were judged based on the maximum mean difference and the Pearson coefficient. Finally, multiple sets of wind power generation data are used to verify that the proposed method can reflect not only the volatility of renewable energy but also ensure the temporal and spatial correlation between the data.
Research on mechanical state identification method of multi-type disconnectors based on difference curve and SVM
Authors: Yang Tao , Wang Bing , Xu Ji-Yong , Zhu Qi-Long , Niu Bo-Rui , Liu Yu-Fei , He Song
Published: March 2023

There are various types of high-voltage isolating switches and frequent mechanical defects, but it is difficult to meet engineering needs by detecting the mechanical state of a single isolating switch. Currently, most of the research only takes the GW4 disconnector as the research object, and the practicability of related diagnostic methods remains to be verified. In this paper, the difference curve is obtained as the sample to be identified by comparing the travel curve of the isolating switch to be diagnosed and its historical standard curve. With further elimination of the travel curve difference caused by the isolating switch model, extraction of the relevant time domain feature quantity, and combination of the support vector, the algorithm uses half of the data of each model in each state as the training sample and the other half of the data as the test sample, and the recognition accuracy rate is 100%. The GW4 and GW23 data are used as the training samples, the GW7 and GW36 data are used as the test samples, and the recognition accuracy is accurate. The rate was 87.5%. It is verified that the method of segmental extraction of difference curve features, combined with the support vector machine algorithm, can realize the intelligent identification of the mechanical state of different types of disconnectors, in which the degree of fault directly affects the spatial distribution of the samples and has a great impact on the accuracy of the identification results.
Effect of Overhead Line Broken Strand Fault on Axial Temperature Decay Distance Under Natural Convection
Authors: Liu Zhiyong , Liao Yi , Li Yanfei , Zhou Jingjun , Chen Qiulin , Jiang Xingliang
Published: March 2023

The broken strand fault of overhead transmission lines will cause a local temperature rise. The temperature extreme value point will decay to the normal area, affecting the operation of adjacent lines. In order to study the relationship between the temperature decay distance, the number of broken strands, and the load current of overhead lines under natural convection, a type LGJ-240/30 line is selected as the test object. Destructive thermal cycling tests are performed in the laboratory. The temperature distribution of the outer surface of the line at the fault area is obtained. Based on the theory of heat transfer, the definition of axial temperature decay distance is proposed, and the relationship between the defined distance and each factor is analyzed. The results indicate that axial temperature decay distance is only negatively related to the load current but not to the number of broken strands. This conclusion provides a theoretical reference for fault identification and maintenance of overhead lines.
Parameter Identification for DC-biased Vernier Reluctance Motor Considering Harmonic Current and Inverter Nonlinearity
Authors: Yang Songbai , Kong Wubin , Li Zimin , Liu Zirui
Published: March 2023

This paper proposes an online parameter identification method for DC-biased vernier reluctance motor (DC-biased VRM), where the nonlinearity of inverter is compensated and harmonic current is suppressed. The identification results are obtained by least mean square (LMS) strategy. No additional signal needs to be injected into the identification process. The method proposed is verified by simulation analysis and experiments.
Properties on Generalized Perron Complements of Inverse N
0-matrices
Authors: Zhong Qin , Zhao Chunyan , Mou Gufang , Li Ling
Published: March 2023

For an irreducible and nonpositive matrix, we present the concepts of the Perron complement matrix and the generalized Perron complement matrix. An inequality that relates the generalized Perron complement matrices of inverse N
0-matrices is derived. In addition, we obtain the quotient formula of inverse N
0-matrices based on the quotient formula for the Schur complements.
Consistency of Two Plastic Strengthening Parameters from EH36 Steel
Authors: Liu Xianru , Li Jianguang , Ren Yi , Zhao Kuangjie
Published: March 2023

In order to study the consistency of the two plastic hardening parameters applied to the constitutive model, EH36 marine steel was selected as the experimental material in this paper, and the stress-strain relationship curve of EH36 steel was obtained through uniaxial tensile experiments at room temperature, and elastic-power hardening was used. The model fits the stress-strain curve of EH36 steel and obtains the fitted parameters. Then we select a certain plastic strain arbitrarily, take the effective plastic strain and plastic work as the hardening parameters, respectively, and use the kinematic hardening model to calculate the one-dimensional stress-strain relationship of the reverse loading of the two hardening parameters when the pre-strain is applied. The consistency of the two plastic hardening parameters is demonstrated according to the calculated relationship.
Calculation and analysis of fatigue strength of truss-floating box aquaculture vessels
Authors: Zhang Yuchen , Zhang Zhaode
Published: March 2023

In this paper, DNVGL’s SESAM software system is used to directly calculate the fatigue strength of typical structural nodes of truss-floating box aquaculture vessels based on fatigue spectrum analysis. According to the three-dimensional potential flow theory, the hydrodynamic analysis of typical working conditions of the ship type was carried out, and the short-term distribution of stress response transfer function, stress response spectrum and stress range under culture conditions was obtained. The load is applied to the ship-wide finite element model to obtain the fatigue strength stress values of typical thermal stress points, and then the fatigue life is estimated by spectral analysis. The research results can provide useful reference and reference for the design and verification stage of the ship type.
A Numerical Study of the Poisson Equation with Arbitrary Domains Based on the Extrapolation Technique
Authors: Zhang Hui , Yu Pan , Shi Xueying , Li Lin
Published: March 2023

The Poisson equation with arbitrary domains is considered in this paper using an extrapolation technique. The two-dimensional problem is primarily examined, and the extrapolation formulas O2 and O4 are thoroughly deduced. Not only the effect of different extrapolations on boundary point errors is analyzed, but a strategy for selecting extrapolation points is also provided. Finally, numerical accuracy results are presented.
Application of Modular Maximum of Wavelet Transform in the Paint-coat Damage Detection
Authors: Sun Faliang , Guo Xiaohuan , Luo Xiangyan , Yong Xiaoju
Published: March 2023

The reflected waves of each interface might obliterate each other and be indistinguishable in the conventional ultrasonic testing of the multi-interface heterogenous thin-layer structure. Aiming at this problem, the method of dealing with signals by the modular maximum of wavelet transform is put forward and the detection testing for the embedded defects of test pieces is implemented. The test results show that this method can judge whether there is a defect by identifying the time point of

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Characterization of hypersaline zones in salt marshes
Authors: Shen Chengji , Fan Yu , Zou Yongqing , Lu Chunhui , Kong Jun , Liu Yue , Li Ling , Zhang Chenming
Published: March 2023

Salt pans are commonly found in coastal marshes and play a vital role in the marsh plant zonation. However, the correlation between these hypersaline zones and the marsh hydrological conditions have barely been characterized. This study numerically investigates the effects of evaporation rate, tidal amplitude, and marsh platform slope on salt pan formation, and found that salt pans can hardly grow in the intertidal zone due to regular tidal flushing, while tend to form in the lower supratidal zone, where evaporation is sustained. The accumulated salts create an upward salinity gradient that trigger downward unstable flow. The decreases of potential evaporation rate, tidal amplitude and/or marsh platform slope strengthen the hydraulic connection between the marsh surface and the underlying watertable, the key to sustaining evaporation, and therefore result in thickener and wider salt pans. These findings offer a deeper insight into the marsh eco-hydrology and guidance for their degradation prevention.
Methodology of investigation the dynamics of longitudinally moving systems under the action of impulse perturbations
Authors: Andrukhiv A , Huzyk N , Sokil B , Sokil M
Published: March 2023

A methodology for researching oscillations of one-dimensional elastic systems under the influence of impulse disturbances has been developed. The mathematical model of the considered process is boundary value problems for hyperbolic equations of the second order with an irregular right-hand side and a mixed derivative with respect to linear and time variables. As for the irregularity of the right part, it takes into account the impulse effect on the research object and has the most important theoretical and practical periodic character; and with the help of the mixed derivative in the Euler variables, the longitudinal movement of the studied systems is partially taken into account. Using the basic ideas of asymptotic integration of equations with partial derivatives, the basic propositions of the wave theory of motion adapted to the considered class of problems, the principle of single-frequency oscillations in nonlinear systems with concentrated masses and distributed parameters, the method of regularization of impulse disturbances, equations in the standard form were obtained that describe the determining parameters of nonlinear oscillations for resonant and non-resonant cases. It is shown: that the longitudinal movement of the systems has a significant effect on the natural frequency of oscillations, and therefore on the period of impulse disturbances during which the resonance process takes place; the amplitude of the passage of resonance depends significantly on the speed of movement. The results obtained in the work can serve as a basis for choosing the operating modes of some classes of systems characterized by longitudinal movement in order to avoid resonant processes in them.
Assessment of elliptical defect dimensions influence on the metal structure contact strength properties
Authors: Stotsko Z A , Kuzin O A , Kopylov V I , Kuzin M O
Published: March 2023

Based on the approaches of continual mechanics and computer simulation, a computational methodology for establishing the operational parameters of functionally graded parts depending on the dimensional characteristics of elliptical defects is proposed. For the first time, using spatially non-local models of mechanics and the FEniCS finite element package, a calculation scheme was constructed for determining the contact strength of a material depending on the ratio of the sizes of the main radii of an elliptical defect in a structure. On the example of locomotive wheel tyres, it is shown that the most dangerous for operation are elliptical “needle-shaped” hubs with a ratio of the radii of the main axes of more than 40. They can also be a source for the development of “crack-type defects” during the operation of products. The established connection between the change in the properties of railway wheels under the action of loads and the characteristics of stress concentrators indicates that the shape of the concentrator is a more dangerous factor than its volume, and allows you to determine ways to control the operational parameters of parts with the presence of stress concentrators by surface engineering methods.
Study of characteristics of PWM signals in electromagnetic vibration drive control systems
Authors: Chubyk R V , Zelinskyi I D , Lub P M
Published: March 2023

The paper studies three forms of the pulse-width modulated (PWM) signal which is used to power the electromagnetic vibration drives of resonance-type vibrating machines. On the basis of a comparative analysis of the characteristics of PWM signals using the root mean square deviation for the time domain, the nonlinear harmonics (distortions) coefficient for the spectral domain, and the structure of the power part of the switches that form these signals, conclusions have been drawn on the feasibility of using different types of PWM in the control systems of electromagnetic vibratory drives.
Research of the characteristics of an air spring under cyclic load
Authors: Kuzyshyn A Y , Sobolevska Y H , Kostritsa S A , Voznyak O M
Published: March 2023

The dynamic stiffness, energy dissipation per cycle and the damping coefficient of the air spring of the second stage of spring suspension of high-speed rolling stock are investigated on the basis of a simplified mathematical model. The studies were carried out in the frequency range from 0 to 15 Hz. To determine the parameters of the air spring, its power characteristic was built, the area that characterizes the energy dissipation of the system per cycle. Based on the constructed characteristics, the damping coefficient and air spring stiffness during compression and expansion were determined. The influence of the frequency of the disturbing force and the diameter of the connecting element on the investigated parameters was studied. The obtained ratios of quantities would be made it possible to optimize the parameters of spring suspension of high-speed rolling stock from the point of view of ensuring admissible dynamic performance and traffic safety indicators.
Dynamics of mobile robot equipped with inertial vibration exciter and unidirectionally rotating wheels
Authors: Korendiy V M , Kachur O Y , Gurskyi V M
Published: March 2023

Vibration-driven locomotion principles are currently of significant interest among designers and researchers dealing with mobile robotics. Among a great variety of robots chasses, the wheeled ones are most commonly used. The major purpose of this study consists in defining the dynamic characteristics of the wheeled vibration-driven robot equipped with the centrifugal (inertial) vibration exciter (unbalanced rotor) and overrunning clutches ensuring the robot’s wheels rotation in one direction. The research methodology is divided into three basic stages: developing the robot’s dynamic diagram and deriving the motion equations followed by numerical modelling in the Mathematica software; designing the 3D-model and simulating the robot motion in the SolidWorks software; creating the experimental prototype and conducting the full-scale tests. The obtained results show the time dependencies of the robot’s body acceleration, speed, and displacement at certain operational conditions. The main scientific novelty of the paper resides in substantiating the relationships between the robot’s design parameters and its dynamic characteristics under different operational conditions. The performed investigations can be useful for researchers and designers dealing with the vibration-driven robots, capsule-type locomotion systems, pipelines inspecting vehicles, etc.
Methodology of technological design in the restoration of parts
Authors: Permyakov Alexander , Nemyrovskyi Yakiv , Posviatenko Eduard , Shepelenko Ihor
Published: March 2023

In the work, from the standpoint of a systematic approach, a methodology for technological design of repair and restoration of worn parts using methods to improve the quality of the working layer is proposed. For the stages of the product life cycle, solving the problem of extending the service life after repair and restoration of worn parts, a general scheme and structure of information support for technological design were developed using restoration methods that ensure and improve the quality of the working layer. A variant of the technological process for the restoration of cylinder liners from modified gray cast iron by a combination of surface plastic deformation (SPD) and finishing antifriction non-abrasive treatment (FANT) is proposed.
Comparative studies of the three-body abrasion wear resistance of hardfacing Fe-Cr-C-B-Ti alloy
Authors: Trembach B
Published: March 2023

In this research, the mechanical and tribological properties of two deposited metal of Fe-C-Cr-B-Ti alloying systems. In this study, comparative tests of the deposited metal hardfacing by two self-shielded flux-cored wires electrode were carried out: with an exothermic additive (110Cr4Cu5Ti1MnVB) and without an exothermic additive (140Cr15TiSi1MnVB). Abrasive wear resistance was evaluated using a slightly modified procedure on a standardized tribological machine for abrasive wear, according to the limits established by the ASTM G65. The results of studies of the efficiency of introduction of an exothermic addition CuO-Al system into the core filler of a flux-cored wire electrode were presented.
Accuracy of Thread Profile Depends on the Lathe Tool Angle of Inclination. Theoretical Investigation
Authors: Onysko O R , Kusyi Ya M , Kopei V B , Dzhus A P
Published: March 2023

Among threaded connections of large sizes, tapered thread pipe connections are especially often used, which are a very important part of drill strings. The efficiency of the drill strings largely depends on the accuracy of the tool-joint tapered thread. The production of such joints is implemented on lathes, with the help of tools that have a carbid insert. To ensure high performance, such inserts are recommended to be installed not parallel to the axis of the thread, but at the lead angle of thread. However, the profile of the insert itself is equal to the profile of the thread, and therefore it is important to have a theoretical predictive calculation of the probable influence of the angular setting of the carbide insert on the accuracy of the thread. Based on a detailed consideration of the geometry of the mutual placement of the plate and the tapered thread and the kinematic features of the process, an algorithm for predictive calculation of the accuracy of the thread is created. The result shows that only one of the parameters of the cutting edge really depends on the angle of inclination of the cutting edge - it is its profile. The deviation can reach 7% of the tolerance on the semi-profile angle.
Composite wheat-amaranth flour baking properties and bread freshness
Authors: Yr Mykolenko S , Aliiev E B , Yr Dudin V
Published: March 2023

The study has reviled the benefits of amaranth groat flour application into wheat bread making towards enhancing the technological efficiency and the quality of the bread, prolonging the freshness of the product without artificial improvers involved in the formulations. Paying attention to textural characteristics of the wheat-amaranth bread during its shelf-life, amaranth groat flour as a derived product of amaranth grain processing presented a positive impact on the change of textural properties of the bread crumb during wheat-amaranth bread shelf-life. The effect of ranging 5–30% substitution of common wheat high-grade flour by the amaranth flour derived from partially defatted amaranth grain was investigated and the complex organoleptic quality of the bread made of the composite flour reached the highest level at 15% of the amaranth flour in the formulation. The technological parameters of bread making such as the duration of proofing, shape stability, specific volume, crumb porosity, baking and drying losses, when wheat high-grade flour was partially replaced by the amaranth grain-derived milling product showed better performance for the bread enriched by the amaranth flour at higher substitution level approving the wider application of the pseudocereal flour in the food industry. The freshness of the bread made of the composite flour is related to the textural characteristics of the crumb which tend to change drastically due to styling. The amaranth groat flour application into the wheat bread formulation led to changes in compressive force and tension of the crumb, the stress value at relative strain ε = 25%, the elastic modulus, and the statical elastic hysteresis index. The resulting application of the amaranth groat flour into bread formulation allowed to ensure a 2-2.5-fold increase in the freshness of wheat bread with a 15% amaranth groat flour content when providing higher comprehensive quality of the product.
Specificity of the stress-strain and thermodynamic state simulation of the titanium alloy workpiece in the cutting zone
Authors: Stupnytskyy V , She Xianning , Stupnytska N
Published: March 2023

Titanium alloys have specific mechanical and physical-chemical properties that significantly reduce their machinability. Providing high productivity and accuracy has a great sense at the stage of technological preparation of machine-building production, taking into account the high cost of products from titanium alloys, as well as the need to provide increased operational properties. Simulation of machining processes of titanium alloys has many differences from the simulation of cutting of medium-carbon steels. This article focuses on recommendations for selecting an effective cutting model, describing the specific rheological properties of titanium alloys, optimizing solver selection, and cutting fracture criteria. The stages of adiabatic shear are described. The use of these recommendations contributes to the development of a more adequate model of machining titanium alloys and the choice of optimal cutting parameters to ensure a given quality of the machined surface layer of the workpiece.
The method of experimental determination of tangential stresses on the surface of flow around with a gaseous medium
Authors: Dmytriv T V , Lanets O S , Dmytriv V T , Dmytriv I V , Horodetskyy I M , Horodetska N G
Published: March 2023

Experimental research of the force load on the flow around surface is important for the design of aircraft and gas transport systems. The main parameter is the tangential stress, which is maximum in the boundary layer on the flow around surface. The velocity in the boundary layer and its thickness affect the tangential stresses that arise during the flow of the medium. They also have an influence on the friction coefficient, which characterizes the pressure losses. In the work, the method of experimental measurement of velocity on the flow around surface is considered, and an information and measurement system is proposed for determining the tangential stresses on the flow around surface based on the flow velocity measurement in the boundary layer. The algorithm of the measurement technique is presented in the form of a functional structural scheme of the laminar boundary layer on the surface of the flow around. The sensor for measuring the velocity in the boundary layer is installed at characteristic points namely at
x
distance from the front border of the flow around surface, and also at
y
height from the surface of the boundary layer. The results of the planned factorial experiment of air flow around the surface are given. The factors were the
v
0
velocity of the air flow entering the flow around surface, the
x
distance from the edge of the surface, the
y
distance from the surface along the thickness of the layer. The response criterion was the calculated value of the tangential stress based on the
vx

measured flow velocity at a given point of the boundary layer. The developed method of studying the velocity distribution and determining the tangential stresses on the surface of the flow around under a dynamic boundary layer makes it possible to determine with high discreteness the parameters of the process of the surface around flow of a Newtonian gaseous medium.
Researching hydraulic shock phenomenon in complex hydraulic manifolds
Authors: Sheremeta R M
Published: March 2023

The proposed method describes parameters change of the working environment in any section of a complex hydraulic manifold over time at a non-stationary, arbitrarily specified flow, the manifold is bounded by elements of arbitrary stiffness. The methodology uses the theory of a real compressible fluid.
Research of the dynamics of a vibrating grain cleaning separator with vertical sieves layering
Authors: Topilnytskyy V G , Rebot D P
Published: March 2023

The construction of a vibrating grain cleaning separator is proposed and its nonlinear mathematical model with vertical layering of sieves is built. The system of analytical expressions obtained on the basis of asymptotic methods of nonlinear mechanics and the Lagrange equation of the second kind is taken as the model. The model makes it possible to describe the movement of the oscillating part of the grain cleaning separator. The non-linearity of the obtained model will enable its further use for a number of similar separators with different design features. With its help, the impact of the main design parameters of the separator and the kinematic indicators of its drive on the characteristics of its movement and the intensity of the separation process is determined.
Simulation of the Production and Transport Problem in the FlexSim Environment
Authors: Velyka O T , Martyn E V , Liaskovska S E
Published: March 2023

The method of building a simulation model of the production and transportation problem is described. In the FlexSIM environment, a simulation model of a part of the production process was built and the impact of changing input parameters on output parameters and the behavior of the technological system as a whole was investigated and analyzed.
Impact of active sites on encapsulation of curcumin in Metal Organic Frameworks
Authors: Munasinghe Vihanga K , Manawadu Dilhan , de Silva Rohini M , de Silva K M Nalin
Published: March 2023

In this study, we present the investigation of the curcumin loading and release properties of four different Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) with varying metal centres and organic ligands. Through our research, we have identified HKUST-1 and MIL-100, highly porous copper and iron-containing MOFs, that exhibit specific interactions with curcumin, leading to high encapsulation efficiencies (55%–75%) even at low concentrations as 6 ppm. The binding modes of curcumin onto MOFs have been investigated using a combined experimental and computational approach. Furthermore, our drug-releasing studies have revealed slow and prolonged release for over two days, which further indicates the specific interactions of curcumin with HKUST-1 and MIL-100. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comparative study that investigates the drug delivery properties of curcumin using Copper, Ferrous, and Zinc MOFs. Our findings pave the way for the development of stable, highly interactive MOFs as drug carriers for curcumin, which has the potential to overcome its poor aqueous solubility and rapid metabolism, and enhance its pharmacological activities in medicine.
Effect of W-Mo doping on the phase transition temperature of VO2 synthesized by hydrothermal microwave method
Authors: Liu Yan , Jiang Tienan , Lv Yang , Zhou Xinyu , Zhu Henan , Shen Qihui
Published: March 2023

In this study, the combination of hydrothermal microwave technology and high-temperature method was used to efficiently control the formation of M-phase vanadium dioxide (VO2) nanoparticles, which were promising materials for optoelectronic switches and smart windows due to their excellent optoelectronic properties during the phase transition. The phase state and structure of VO2depended on its synthesis parameters, and the results showed that the optimal conditions for VO2(B) synthesis in a hydrothermal microwave were 120 °C for 2 h, which was a novel method for efficiently preparing VO2(B) at a low temperature. By vacuum annealing, VO2(B) could be transformed into monoclinic VO2(R), where VO2(R) converts into VO2(M) on cooling to room temperature. Furthermore, the phase transition temperature of W-Mo co-doped VO2(M) decreased by 14.8 °C, showing that the incorporation of W-Mo elements into the VO2-based structure affects the material’s phase transition temperature.
Facile growth of high-yield and -crystallinity vertically aligned carbon nanotubes via a sublimated ferric chloride catalyst precursor
Authors: Goktas Hilal , Lachman Noa , Kalfon-Cohen Estelle , Wang Xiaoxue , Torosian Stephen , Gleason Karen K , Wardle Brian L
Published: March 2023

A facile and effective catalyst deposition process for carbon nanotube (CNT) array growth via chemical vapor deposition using a resistively heated thermal evaporation technique to sublimate FeCl3 onto the substrate is demonstrated. The catalytic activity of the sublimated FeCl3 catalyst precursor is shown to be comparable to the well-studied e-beam evaporated Fe catalyst, and the resulting vertically aligned CNTs (VA-CNTs) have a similar diameter, walls, and defects, as well as improved bulk electrical conductivity. In contrast to standard e-beam-deposited Fe, which yields base-growth CNTs, scanning and transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterizations reveal a tip-growth mechanism for the FeCl3-derived VA-CNT arrays/forests. The FeCl3-derived forests have a lower (∼1/3 less) longitudinal indentation modulus, but higher longitudinal electrical conductivity (greater than twice) than that of the e-beam Fe-grown CNT arrays. The sublimation process to grow high-quality VA-CNTs is a highly facile and scalable process (extensive substrate shape and size, and moderate vacuum and temperatures) that provides a new route to synthesizing aligned CNT forests for numerous applications.
Analysis of the effect of each plant hormone on the maturation of woodland strawberry fruit in auxin-induced parthenocarpic fruit
Authors: Umemura Hayato , Nakajima Masatoshi , Ishii Hikari , Kurokura Takeshi , Asami Tadao , Shimada Yukihisa , Nakamura Ayako
Published: March 2023

Evaluation of individual roles of plant hormones in fruit development is difficult because various plant hormones function simultaneously. In this study, to analyze the effect of plant hormones on fruit maturation one by one, plant hormones were applied to auxin-induced parthenocarpic woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) fruits. As a result, auxin, gibberellin (GA), and jasmonate, but, not abscisic acid and ethylene increased the proportion of ultimately mature fruits. So far, to produce comparable fruit with pollinated fruit in size, auxin with GA treatment was required in woodland strawberry. Picrolam (Pic), the most potent auxin in inducing parthenocarpic fruit, induced fruit which is comparable in size with pollinated fruit without GA. The endogenous GA level and the result of the RNA interference analysis of the main GA biosynthetic gene suggest that a basal level of endogenous GA is essential for fruit development. The effect of other plant hormones was also discussed.
Benchmarking genome assembly methods on metagenomic sequencing data
Authors: Zhang Zhenmiao , Yang Chao , Veldsman Werner Pieter , Fang Xiaodong , Zhang Lu
Published: March 2023

Metagenome assembly is an efficient approach to reconstruct microbial genomes from metagenomic sequencing data. Although short-read sequencing has been widely used for metagenome assembly, linked- and long-read sequencing have shown their advancements in assembly by providing long-range DNA connectedness. Many metagenome assembly tools were developed to simplify the assembly graphs and resolve the repeats in microbial genomes. However, there remains no comprehensive evaluation of metagenomic sequencing technologies, and there is a lack of practical guidance on selecting the appropriate metagenome assembly tools. This paper presents a comprehensive benchmark of 19 commonly used assembly tools applied to metagenomic sequencing datasets obtained from simulation, mock communities or human gut microbiomes. These datasets were generated using mainstream sequencing platforms, such as Illumina and BGISEQ short-read sequencing, 10x Genomics linked-read sequencing, and PacBio and Oxford Nanopore long-read sequencing. The assembly tools were extensively evaluated against many criteria, which revealed that long-read assemblers generated high contig contiguity but failed to reveal some medium- and high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). Linked-read assemblers obtained the highest number of overall near-complete MAGs from the human gut microbiomes. Hybrid assemblers using both short- and long-read sequencing were promising methods to improve both total assembly length and the number of near-complete MAGs. This paper also discussed the running time and peak memory consumption of these assembly tools and provided practical guidance on selecting them.
Establishment and characterization of oviductal organoids from farm and companion animals
Authors: Lawson Edwina F , Ghosh Arnab , Blanch Victoria , Grupen Christopher G , Aitken Robert John , Lim Rebecca , Drury Hannah R , Baker Mark A , Gibb Zamira , Tanwar Pradeep S
Published: March 2023

Organoid technology has provided a unique opportunity to study early human development and decipher various steps involved in the pathogenesis of disease. The technology is already used in clinics to improve human patient outcomes. However, limited knowledge of the methodologies required to establish organoid culture systems in domestic animals has slowed the advancement and application of organoid technology in veterinary medicine. This is particularly true for the field of reproduction and the application of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Here, we have developed a platform to grow oviductal organoids from five domestic species—bovine, porcine, equine, feline, and canine. The organoids were grown progressively from single cells derived from the enzymatic digestion of freshly collected infundibular/fimbrial samples. The addition of WNT, TGFβ, BMP, ROCK, and Notch signaling pathway activators or inhibitors to the organoid culture medium suggested remarkable conservation of the molecular signals involved in oviductal epithelial development and differentiation across species. The gross morphology of organoids from all the domestic species was initially similar. However, some differences in size, complexity, and growth rate were subsequently observed and described. After 21 days, well-defined and synchronized motile ciliated cells were observed in organoids. Histopathologically, oviductal organoids mimicked their respective native tissue. In summary, we have carried out a detailed cross-species comparison of oviductal organoids, which would be valuable in advancing our knowledge of oviduct physiology and, potentially, help in increasing the success of ART.
We are not ‘Other’ populations: building research, education and clinical capacity around gender variance in dermatology
Authors: Singh Gagandeep , Doiron Philip , Dahlke Erin
Published: March 2023

Inclusive language and health equity in dermatology are being increasingly recognized and addressed. Developing respectful language and capacity caring for transgender and gender-diverse (trans) patients are critical to building and maintaining relationships with equity-deserving communities, particularly those who have been historically pathologized and mistreated by medical institutions. The authors share several practical trans-inclusive principles to maintain respect and dignity of trans persons learned from the integration of antioppression content into their institution’s dermatology curricula and from their research, clinical and personal experiences working with trans individuals.
Psychosocial impact of pyoderma gangrenosum: a patient perspective
Authors: Crowder Dasia , Herbert Samantha , Haughton Reneé
Published: March 2023

This report provides a narrative account of one patient’s experience with pyoderma gangrenosum.
The impact of social distance on the processing of social evaluation: evidence from brain potentials and neural oscillations
Authors: Hu Xinmu , Zhang Yinling , Mai Xiaoqin
Published: March 2023

Previous research indicates that social distance can influence people’s social evaluations of others. Individuals tend to evaluate intimate others more positively than distant others. The present study investigates the modulating effect of social distance on the time course underlying individuals’ evaluation processes of others using adequate electroencephalography methods. The results reveal that in the initial processing stage, the P2 component is larger when friends are negatively evaluated, whereas this pattern is the opposite for strangers. In the second stage, medial frontal negativity and early mid-frontal theta band activity is enhanced for negative evaluations of friends, whereas this effect is absent in social evaluations of strangers. At the late stage, the P3 is larger for positive evaluations of friends but insensitive to social evaluations of strangers, and the late mid-frontal theta is also modulated by social distance. These findings provide direct and powerful evidence that social distance modulates individuals’ evaluations of others with different levels of intimacy throughout all processing stages.
Evidence of Mpox Virus Infection Among Persons Without Characteristic Lesions or Rash Presenting for First Dose of JYNNEOS Vaccine—District of Columbia, August 2022
Authors: Ogale Yasmin P , Baird Nicolle , Townsend Michael B , Berry Isha , Griffin Isabel , Lee Michelle , Ashley Patrick , Rhodes Trevor , Notigan Tiffany , Wynn Nhien , Kling Chantal , Smith Todd , Priyamvada Lalita , Carson William C , Navarra Terese , Dawson Patrick , Weidle Paul J , Willut Christina , Mangla Anil T , Satheshkumar Panayampalli S , Hutson Christina L , Jackson David A , Waltenburg Michelle A ,   for the DC Mpox Response Project Team, Ahmad Ausaf , Armstrong Jaia , Brake Marie , Bunkley Paige , Callaway Perri , Chakrabarti Ayan K , Folster Jennifer , Forero Catalina , Furness Bruce (Bryce) , Godino Claire , Greenberg Lauren , Guagliardo Sarah Anne J , Jadhao Samadhan , Jordan Teskisha , Kamitani Emiko , Keino Barbara , Kopping Erik , Lee Joo , Lopez Leah , Lowe David , Metz John , Miko Shanna , Mrotz Victoria , Noiman Adi , Partin James , Pearce Melissa Brykailo , Pettus Kevin , Rodriguez Sergio , Sabin Susanna , Santo Loredana , Schrodt Caroline A , Sharma Pankaj , Shelus Victoria , Shi Dallas , Sodeke Olutomi , Springstubb Nora , Stager Christan Halverson , Stewart Roxana Rodriguez , Tang Xiaoling , Tertuliano Moukaram , Timm Logan , Vantucci Casey , Vaughan Gilberto , Wondmeneh Sarah , Yang Yong , Anthony Eric , Argyriou Marie , Ayuk-Takor Leslie , Bryant Miriam , Cherrix Angela , Coleman David , Cunningham Carole , Dastidar Ronit , Dato Olivia , Elnour Azam , Gillani Sarah , Hartley Tracie , Israel Dionnie , Lee Michelle , McCullam Susan , Meh Ie , Notigan Tiffany , Rajamohan Saumya , Rhodes Trevor , Rosado Blanca , Rowse Julia , Shapiro Brandon , Smart Kristen , Staff Michael , Taylor Jaketia , Webb Ricardo , White Rajanique , Widatalla Saria , Wilson Shanice
Published: March 2023

We assessed mpox virus prevalence in blood, pharyngeal, and rectal specimens among persons without characteristic rash presenting for JYNNEOS vaccine. Our data indicate that the utility of risk-based screening for mpox in persons without skin lesions or rash via pharyngeal swabs, rectal swabs, and/or blood is likely limited.
Endovascular repair in type A aortic dissection: Anatomical candidacy for currently manufactured stent grafts and conceptual valve-carrying devices for an Endo-Bentall procedure
Authors: Kern Maximilian , Hauck Sven R , Dachs Theresa-Marie , Haider Lukas , Stelzmüller Marie-Elisabeth , Ehrlich Marek , Loewe Christian , Funovics Martin A
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVES

Endovascular treatment has been suggested as an alternative for open surgery for type A aortic dissection, but current devices have severe anatomical limitations. This study assesses the computed tomography-based anatomical suitability of currently manufactured stent grafts as well as 2 embodiments of valve-carrying devices.

METHODS

In a retrospective single-centre cohort of 200 consecutive ascending/arch operations between 2009 and 2018, a total of 112 patients with type A aortic dissections were identified and evaluated for endovascular candidacy based on the locations of the entries, the landing zone diameters/lengths and the supra-aortic vessel origins according to the anatomical instructions for use criteria of 6 commercially available (tubular, branched or fenestrated) stent grafts. Two suggested valve-carrying devices with inner branches or fenestrations for the coronary arteries and branches for the supra-aortic vessels were also evaluated.

RESULTS

The anatomical feasibility for commercial stent grafts ranged from 4% to 21%. The main limitations were proximal landing zone diameter (considering oversizing <15%), length due to dilatation and an entry too close to the sinotubular junction. For the valve-carrying conduits, anatomical feasibility was between 31% and 80%, with the main limiting factors being the diameter of the aortic annulus and its distance to the coronary arteries.

CONCLUSIONS

The anatomical applicability of currently manufactured stent grafts for the treatment of type A aortic dissection is limited mainly by the absence of a suitable proximal landing zone in the ascending aorta and might substantially be improved by anchoring in the aortic annulus using a valve-carrying device that uses either fenestrations or branches for the coronary arteries.
Conduction system pacing, a European survey: insights from clinical practice
Authors: Keene Daniel , Anselme Frédéric , Burri Haran , Pérez Óscar Cano , Čurila Karol , Derndorfer Michael , Foley Paul , Gellér László , Glikson Michael , Huybrechts Wim , Jastrzebski Marek , Kaczmarek Krzysztof , Katsouras Grigorios , Lyne Jonathan , Verdú Pablo Peñafiel , Restle Christian , Richter Sergio , Timmer Stefan , Vernooy Kevin , Whinnett Zachary
Published: March 2023

Aims

The field of conduction system pacing (CSP) is evolving, and our aim was to obtain a contemporary picture of European CSP practice.

Methods and results

A survey was devised by a European CSP Expert Group and sent electronically to cardiologists utilizing CSP. A total of 284 physicians were invited to contribute of which 171 physicians (60.2%; 85% electrophysiologists) responded. Most (77%) had experience with both His-bundle pacing (HBP) and left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP). Pacing indications ranked highest for CSP were atrioventricular block (irrespective of left ventricular ejection fraction) and when coronary sinus lead implantation failed. For patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB) and heart failure (HF), conventional biventricular pacing remained first-line treatment. For most indications, operators preferred LBBAP over HBP as a first-line approach. When HBP was attempted as an initial approach, reasons reported for transitioning to utilizing LBBAP were: (i) high threshold (reported as >2 V at 1 ms), (ii) failure to reverse bundle branch block, or (iii) > 30 min attempting to implant at His-bundle sites. Backup right ventricular lead use for HBP was low (median 20%) and predominated in pace-and-ablate scenarios. Twelve-lead electrocardiogram assessment was deemed highly important during follow-up. This, coupled with limitations from current capture management algorithms, limits remote monitoring for CSP patients.

Conclusions

This survey provides a snapshot of CSP implementation in Europe. Currently, CSP is predominantly used for bradycardia indications. For HF patients with LBBB, most operators reserve CSP for biventricular implant failures. Left bundle branch area pacing ostensibly has practical advantages over HBP and is therefore preferred by many operators. Practical limitations remain, and large randomized clinical trial data are currently lacking.
Hospitalization Rates for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Are Decreasing Over Time: A Population-based Cohort Study
Authors: Buie Michael J , Coward Stephanie , Shaheen Abdel-Aziz , Holroyd-Leduc Jayna , Hracs Lindsay , Ma Christopher , Panaccione Remo , Benchimol Eric I , Bernstein Charles N , Bitton Alain , Otley Anthony R , Jones Jennifer L , Murthy Sanjay K , Ellen Kuenzig M , Peña-Sánchez Juan-Nicolás , Targownik Laura E , Singh Harminder , Avina-Zubieta Antonio , Kaplan Gilaad G
Published: March 2023

Background

Recent advances in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) striving for new treatment targets may have decreased rates of hospitalization for flares. We compared all-cause, IBD-related, and non-IBD-related hospitalizations while accounting for the rising prevalence of IBD.

Methods

Population-based, administrative health care databases identified all individuals living with IBD in Alberta between fiscal year 2002 and 2018. Hospitalization rates (all-cause, IBD-related, and non-IBD-related) were calculated using the prevalent Alberta IBD population. Hospitalizations were stratified by disease type, age, sex, and metropolitan status. Data were age and sex standardized to the 2019 Canadian population. Log-linear models calculated Average Annual Percentage Change (AAPC) in hospitalization rates with associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

From 2002-2003 to 2018-2019, all-cause hospitalization rates decreased from 36.57 to 16.72 per 100 IBD patients (AAPC, −4.18%; 95% CI, −4.69 to −3.66). Inflammatory bowel disease–related hospitalization rate decreased from 26.44 to 9.24 per 100 IBD patients (AAPC, −5.54%; 95% CI, −6.19 to −4.88). Non-IBD-related hospitalization rate decreased from 10.13 to 7.48 per 100 IBD patients (AAPC, −1.82%; 95% CI, −2.14 to −1.49). Those over 80 years old had the greatest all-cause and non-IBD-related hospitalization rates. Temporal trends showing decreasing hospitalization rates were observed across age, sex, IBD type, and metropolitan status.

Conclusions

Hospitalization rates are decreasing for all-cause, IBD-related, and non-IBD-related hospitalizations. Over the past 20 years, the care of IBD has transitioned from hospital-based care to ambulatory-centric IBD management.