bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainability Assessment of Fuel Cell Buses in Public Transport
Authors: Lozanovski Aleksandar , Whitehouse Nicole , Ko Nathanael , Whitehouse Simon
Published: May 2018

Hydrogen fuel cell (H2FC) buses operating in every day public transport services around Europe are assessed for their sustainability against environmental, economic and social criteria. As part of this assessment the buses are evaluated against diesel buses both in terms of sustainability and in terms of meeting real world requirements with respect to operational performance. The study concludes that H2FC buses meet operability and performance criteria and are sustainable environmentally when ‘green’ hydrogen is used. The economic sustainability of the buses, in terms of affordability, achieves parity with their fossil fuel equivalent by 2030 when the indirect costs to human health and climate change are included. Societal acceptance by those who worked with and used the buses supports the positive findings of earlier studies, although satisfactory operability and performance are shown to be essential to positive attitudes. Influential policy makers expressed positive sentiments only if ‘green’ hydrogen is used and the affordability issues can be addressed. No “show-stopper” is identified that would prevent future generations from using H2FC buses in public transport on a broad scale due to damage to the environment or to other factors that impinge on quality of life.
Demographic-Assisted Age-Invariant Face Recognition and Retrieval
Authors: Sajid Muhammad , Shafique Tamoor , Manzoor Sohaib , Iqbal Faisal , Talal Hassan , Samad Qureshi Usama , Riaz Imran
Published: May 2018

Demographic estimation of human face images involves estimation of age group, gender, and race, which finds many applications, such as access control, forensics, and surveillance. Demographic estimation can help in designing such algorithms which lead to better understanding of the facial aging process and face recognition. Such a study has two parts—demographic estimation and subsequent face recognition and retrieval. In this paper, first we extract facial-asymmetry-based demographic informative features to estimate the age group, gender, and race of a given face image. The demographic features are then used to recognize and retrieve face images. Comparison of the demographic estimates from a state-of-the-art algorithm and the proposed approach is also presented. Experimental results on two longitudinal face datasets, the MORPH II and FERET, show that the proposed approach can compete the existing methods to recognize face images across aging variations.
Multiplex Detection of Aspergillus fumigatus Mycoviruses
Authors: Özkan-Kotiloğlu Selin , Coutts Robert H. A.
Published: May 2018

Mycoviruses are viruses that naturally infect and replicate in fungi. They are widespread in all major fungal groups including plant and animal pathogenic fungi. Several dsRNA mycoviruses have been reported in Aspergillus fumigatus. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification is a version of PCR that enables amplification of different targets simultaneously. This technique has been widely used for detection and differentiation of viruses especially plant viruses such as those which infect tobacco, potato and garlic. For rapid detection, multiplex RT-PCR was developed to screen new isolates for the presence of A. fumigatus mycoviruses. Aspergillus fumigatus chrysovirus (AfuCV), Aspergillus fumigatus partitivirus (AfuPV-1), and Aspergillus fumigatus tetramycovirus-1 (AfuTmV-1) dsRNAs were amplified in separate reactions using a mixture of multiplex primer pairs. It was demonstrated that in the presence of a single infection, primer pair mixtures only amplify the corresponding single virus infection. Mixed infections using dual or triple combinations of dsRNA viruses were also amplified simultaneously using multiplex RT-PCR. Up until now, methods for the rapid detection of Aspergillus mycoviruses have been restricted to small scale dsRNA extraction approaches which are laborious and for large numbers of samples not as sensitive as RT-PCR. The multiplex RT-PCR assay developed here will be useful for studies on determining the incidence of A. fumigatus mycoviruses. This is the first report on multiplex detection of A. fumigatus mycoviruses.
Développement local et stratégie globale de deux multinationales de l’aluminium au XX e siècle : Alcan et Pechiney
Authors: Barjot Dominique , Lanthier Pierre
Published: May 2018

Financé par l’Agence nationale de la recherche (ANR), le projet Fralubec a réalisé une histoire parallèle de Pechiney et d’Alcan autour de trois axes de recherche : stratégies croisées de deux multinationales de l’aluminium – entre concurrence et coopération – ; entreprises de l’aluminium et territoires des vallées ; pratiques de gestion et émergence de modèles de cultures organisationnelles dans la gouvernance des installations des deux multinationales. Autour de l’industrie de l’aluminium, une coopération franco-québécoise fructueuse a permis de mener à bien de manière systématique une approche d’histoire comparée et, grâce à elle, de progresser dans la connaissance des firmes, de leurs territoires et de leurs hommes. De la confrontation des démarches a résulté un affinement méthodologique tandis que les résultats scientifiques obtenus ont dépassé les espérances compte tenu des modestes moyens humains et financiers engagés.
Entre politique et philosophie
Authors: Martin Philippe
Published: May 2018

L’auteur propose de retracer ce que fut l’élaboration de la notion de tolérance. Le mot apparaît au xvi e siècle alors que se multiplient les confessions, et toutes s’en font l’écho. Il est également activé par la rencontre d’autres civilisations outre-Atlantique, et en arrive à être la solution pour accepter celui qui est “autre”. Mais il se décline en trois types d’action de nature politique : pragmatique, imposée et “de pis-aller” pour éviter la violence. La tolérance peut être perçue comme une qualité, et avoir une application proprement religieuse, mais elle n’est pas nécessairement acceptée par tous. Elle trouve son plein épanouissement au xviii e siècle.
La tolérance des Lumières à l’épreuve de la Révolution française
Authors: Chopelin Paul
Published: May 2018

La question de la tolérance religieuse est l’un des éléments du débat qui oppose depuis la fin du xix e siècle ses partisans et ses contempteurs. L’actuelle démarche historienne, apaisée, permet d’en faire une analyse plus satisfaisante. La neutralité de l’État en matière de culte s’est révélée impossible, ne serait-ce qu’en raison de ses implications politiques, et les politiques de persécution constituent un échec de la volonté de tolérance des philosophes des Lumières.
Diversité religieuse et laïcité de l’État
Authors: Gandolfi Stefania
Published: May 2018

L’auteur nous retrace ce qui est l’un des axes de la chaire Unesco « Droits de l’Homme et éthique de la coopération internationale » à travers le cas de l’école en l’Italie et son « Enseignement de la religion catholique ». La Cour constitutionnelle a jugé qu’il n’était pas incompatible avec le principe de laïcité. Avec la pluralité culturelle de plus en plus accentuée de la société, l’État a dû s’adapter tout en maintenant ce qui fait l’identité de la nation qu’il s’agit aussi de transmettre. Mais ce défi, qui passe notamment par l’éducation, est tout autant du ressort des acteurs privés.
Quelle laïcité, en France, face aux attentats terroristes ?
Authors: Baubérot Jean
Published: May 2018

Cette intervention entend faire le point sur les notions qui sont utilisées dans le débat houleux de ces dernières années, entre « laïcité » et « islam », afin de comprendre ce qui se joue en replaçant le tout dans sa profondeur historique. Ainsi un changement de sens de ce qui s’entendait en 1905 par « laïcité » s’est-il produit à partir de 1989 avec les questionnements à propos de « l’islam ». Il s’agit de l’héritage de clivages qui existaient déjà au début du xx e siècle et qui se perçoivent encore à droite comme à gauche. Mais le tout se comprend dans un contexte nouveau et dramatique.
Le nom de la loi : violences, protection et différenciation sociale des enfants
Authors: Bittencourt Ribeiro Fernanda
Published: May 2018

Dans cet article, nous prenons pour point de départ l’attribution du surnom «  menino Bernardo  » à la loi qui interdit les « châtiments physiques, le traitement cruel ou dégradant d’enfants et d’adolescents » au Brésil. En premier lieu, nous montrons que la figure de « l’enfant victime de violence », qui s’est imposée au cours du débat parlementaire brésilien sur le projet de loi, s’est construite à partir d’un ensemble de préjugés sur les classes sociales défavorisées. Or l’enfant qui a donné son nom à la loi appartenait à la classe moyenne. En deuxième lieu, pour mieux cerner la différence entre le degré de violence tel qu’il se manifeste dans l’homicide de Bernardo et celui des pratiques auxquelles se réfère la loi, connue sous le nom de « loi de la fessée », nous reprenons certains aspects de l’histoire de Bernardo rapportés par la presse. Enfin, nous mettons ce cas en rapport avec le profil de « l’enfant des Amériques », qui sert de modèle aux différents systèmes de protection de l’enfance en Amérique latine. Parce qu’on associe généralement pauvreté et maltraitance des enfants, nous montrons qu’il est difficile pour les institutions en charge de la protection de l’enfance de lire certaines situations de maltraitance vécues par des enfants de couches sociales moyennes et supérieures comme des violations de droits.
Retrospective Comparison of Visual Outcomes After KAMRA Corneal Inlay Implantation With Simultaneous PRK or LASIK
Authors: Moshirfar Majid , Bean Andrew E. , Albarracin Julio C. , Rebenitsch Ronald L. , Wallace Ryan T. , Birdsong Orry C.
Published: May 2018

PURPOSE:

To report a retrospective study of simultaneous LASIK versus photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) with accompanying small-aperture cornea inlay implantation (KAMRA; AcuFocus, Inc., Irvine, CA) in treating presbyopia.

METHODS:

Simultaneous LASIK/inlay and simultaneous PRK/inlay was performed on 79 and 47 patients, respectively. Follow-up examinations were conducted at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. The main outcome measures were safety, efficacy, predictability, and stability with primary emphasis on monocular uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA).

RESULTS:

Both groups met U.S. Food and Drug Administration criteria for efficacy with 95% and 55% of the LASIK/inlay group and 83% and 52% of the PRK/inlay group having a monocular UNVA of 20/40 (J5) and 20/25 (J2), respectively, at 6-month follow-up. Ninety-two percent of the LASIK/inlay group and 95% of the PRK/inlay group had a UDVA of 20/40 or better at 6 months. Two eyes lost one line of corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA). Mild hyperopic shift was noted in both groups at 6 months.

CONCLUSIONS:

Simultaneous PRK/inlay and LASIK/inlay meet the U.S. Food and Drug Administration standards for efficacy and safety based on 6-month preliminary results and have similar outcomes to emmetropic eyes.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(5):310–315.]
Comparison of Surgically Induced Astigmatism and Morphologic Features Resulting From Femtosecond Laser and Manual Clear Corneal Incisions for Cataract Surgery
Authors: Ferreira Tiago B. , Ribeiro Filomena J. , Pinheiro João , Ribeiro Paulo , O'Neill João G.
Published: May 2018

PURPOSE:

To compare the surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) vector, flattening effect, torque, and wound architecture following femtosecond laser and manual clear corneal incisions (CCIs).

METHODS:

In a double-armed, randomized, prospective case series, cataract surgery was performed for 600 eyes using femtosecond laser (300 eyes) or manual (300 eyes) 2.4-mm CCIs in temporal or superior oblique locations. SIA, flattening effect, torque, and the summated vector mean for SIA were calculated. Correlation with individual features was established and incision morphology was investigated by anterior segment optical coherence tomography at 3 months of follow-up.

RESULTS:

The SIA, flattening effect, and torque were lower in the femtosecond laser group for both incision locations, although the differences were not significant (all
P
> .05). The femtosecond laser group showed less dispersion of SIA magnitude and flattening effect. Temporal and superior oblique incisions resulted in flattening effect values of −0.11 and −0.21 diopters (D), respectively, in the femtosecond laser group and −0.13 and −0.34 D, respectively, in the manual group. Significant correlations with individual features were only found in the femtosecond laser group, with preoperative astigmatism being the only significant SIA predictor by multiple regression analysis (
P
= .003). Femtosecond laser CCIs showed less deviation from the intended length, wound enlargement, endothelial misalignment, and Descemet membrane detachments (all
P
< .037).

CONCLUSIONS:

Femtosecond laser CCIs were more reproducible. Although SIAs were smaller in femtosecond laser CCIs than in manual CCIs for both temporal and superior oblique incisions, the difference was not statistically significant. Association with individual features is highly variable.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(5):322–329.]
The visible part: Of art galleries, artistic activity and urban dynamics
Authors: Debroux Tatiana
Published: May 2018

This paper looks at the places of art and art galleries from a spatial point of view and in relation to contemporary urban dynamics. Presenting prospective reflections about the spatialities of places where transactions are financial and symbolic, as well as the data and methods used for empirical research, this paper introduces an ongoing project dealing with the Parisian gallery landscape since the contemporary art boom, in relation to the production of urban space. I argue that ‘visibility’ is a useful notion to interrogate the geography and dynamics associated with art galleries. It can either describe their presence and environment within the city and from the street, or the ‘visibilisation’ of portions of the city in relation to the dynamics of urban renewal. Based on quantitative and qualitative data, the project will offer insights into the causes and impacts of the spatial structuration of the Parisian art market on different scales. Therefore, the project enhances existing research concerning the influence of art-related activities upon the transformations of urban space, but also anchors the analysis of the geography of art galleries and its recent history in a wider socio-economical perspective.
Significations des incertitudes des lycéens à l’égard du futur
Authors: Blanc Alexis Le , Laguerre Francis
Published: May 2018

La recherche présentée vise à dégager les principales significations, non seulement professionnelles mais aussi personnelles, des incertitudes qui caractérisent l'attitude affective de lycéens à l'égard de leur avenir. L'incertitude affective de 128 lycéens en milieu rural est décrite sur trois dimensions : insatisfaction et perception négative de l'avenir, perception d'immobilisme et de fermeture de l'avenir, sentiments d'inaccessibilité et d'insécurité de l'avenir. Après avoir discuté le rôle de certaines variables situationnelles (notamment l'inscription dans diverses filières scolaires et professionnelles) et socioculturelles (catégories socioprofessionnelles des parents), les résultats indiquent que ces attitudes sont liées à certaines anticipations et indécisions professionnelles. Mais, en accord avec notre modèle d'analyse, ces résultats soulignent surtout le rôle médiateur que jouent les valeurs du travail et les processus de valorisation relative d'autres registres d'activités (de sociabilités amicales ou associatives et de loisirs). On peut ainsi, en référence aux enjeux personnels de cette transition école-emploi (enjeux d'insertion sociale autant que professionnelle), mieux comprendre les différences observées entre ces lycéens : des différences toujours socialement situées mais qui impliquent un travail d'intersignification du sujet qui « accroche » ses représentations d'avenir à des registres d'activités diversement valorisés. En ce sens, ces lycéens apparaissent, dans une certaine mesure, producteurs et utilisateurs d'incertitude et pas seulement influencés par une indétermination croissante des cadres sociaux de la transition.
Coaching as support for postgraduate students: A case study
Authors: Le Roux Ingrid
Published: May 2018

Background: Undergraduate students as a group are well researched, with focus on enhancing student engagement and improving learning and teaching methods. However, working postgraduate students have become a growing trend in the higher education sector, with little known about their experience. The purpose of this research is to better understand and to gain insight into the inter-role conflict experienced by postgraduate students owing to managing the multiple roles of work, personal life and studies. This article reports the case study of a coaching intervention administered to a group of postgraduate students over a 5-month period. The study concludes that the inclusion of a coaching intervention to assist postgraduate students in dealing with inter-role stress can no longer be ignored. Coaching support is an authentic way to support these students, with benefits reaching beyond the classroom.Research purpose: The purpose of this research is to better understand the inter-role conflict emanating from managing work, personal life and studies, and to gain insight into the role of coaching as a support function.Motivation for the study: There is limited research focusing on the experiences of postgraduate students, who are often working either part-time or full-time while pursuing their studies, and navigating three overlapping role domains simultaneously. Furthermore, even less is known about coaching as a support function to strike a balance between these three demanding roles.Research design, approach and method: This study is qualitative in nature. A coaching intervention over a 5-month period was used to assist postgraduate students in managing inter-role conflict.Main findings: The study suggests that coaching can be used as a method to address the interface between work, personal life and study demands for the working postgraduate student. To ensure successful throughput rates in the allocated time, a new support framework is required to complement the often insufficient academic interventions.Contribution: The contribution of the research is twofold: Firstly, it focuses on working postgraduate students to gain insight into and a better understanding of the potential of coaching. Secondly, it highlights coaching as a potential support function. Very little research exists in the general literature on how to support working postgraduate students in higher education. The research also shows the potential of coaching as a support function to help postgraduate students navigate the three demanding role domains.
Effect of inherited red cell defects on growth of Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Pathak Vrushali , Colah Roshan , Ghosh Kanjaksha
Published: May 2018

Background & objectives:

High prevalence of certain polymorphic alleles of erythrocytes in malaria endemic area has been linked to the resistance provided by these alleles against parasitic infestations. Numerous studies undertaken to demonstrate this correlation have generated conflicting results. This study was undertaken to investigate the abilities of various polymorphic erythrocytes to support in vitro growth of Plasmodium falciparum parasites.

Methods:

In this study under in vitro condition the ability of P. falciparum parasites to grow was assessed in the erythrocytes obtained from a total of 40 patients with various haemoglobinopathies, such as β-thalassaemia (β-Thal), sickle cell anaemia, erythroenzymopathy-like glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and membranopathy-like hereditary spherocytosis.

Results:

Significantly reduced in vitro invasion and growth of parasites was seen in the cultures containing abnormal erythrocytes than in control cultures containing normal erythrocytes (P< 0.05). The mean per cent parasitaemia comparison was also carried out among the three polymorphic erythrocyte groups, i.e. β-Thal, sickle cell anaemia and enzyme-membranopathies.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Erythroenzymopathies and membranopathies were found to provide a more hostile environment for parasites, as the least parasitaemia was observed in these erythrocytes. The present in vitro study showed that P. falciparum did not grow well and did not invade well in erythrocytes obtained from common inherited red cell disorders.
Cryosphere: a kingdom of anomalies and diversity
Authors: Melnikov Vladimir , Gennadinik Viktor , Kulmala Markku , Lappalainen Hanna K. , Petäjä Tuukka , Zilitinkevich Sergej
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The cryosphere of the Earth overlaps with the atmosphere,
hydrosphere and lithosphere over vast areas with temperatures below
0 ∘C
and pronounced H2O phase changes. In spite of its strong variability in
space and time, the cryosphere plays the role of a global thermostat, keeping
the thermal regime on the Earth within rather narrow limits, affording
continuation of the conditions needed for the maintenance of life. Objects
and processes related to cryosphere are very diverse, due to the following
basic reasons: the anomalous thermodynamic and electromagnetic properties of
H2O, the intermediate intensity of hydrogen bonds and the wide spread of
cryogenic systems all over the Earth. However, these features attract insufficient
attention from research communities. Cryology is usually understood as a
descriptive discipline within physical geography, limited to
glaciology and permafrost research. We emphasise its broad interdisciplinary
landscape involving physical, chemical and biological phenomena related to
the H2O phase transitions and various forms of ice. This paper aims to
draw the attention of readers to the crucial importance of cryogenic
anomalies,
which make the Earth atmosphere and the entire Earth system very special, if
not unique, objects in the universe.
Artificial Radionuclides in Squid from northwestern Pacific in 2011
following
the Fukushima accident
Authors: Yu Wen , Johansen Mathew P. , He Jianhua , Men Wu , Lin Longshan
Published: May 2018

Abstract. In order to better understand the impact of Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) Accident on commercial marine species, squid (Ommastrephe bartrami) samples, obtained from the northwestern Pacific in November 2011, were analyzed for a range of artificial and natural radionuclides (Cs-134, Cs-137, Ag-110m, U-238, Ra-226 and K-40). Short-lived radionuclides Cs-134 and Ag-110m released from Fukushima NPP Accident were found in the samples, with an extremely high water-to-organism concentration ratio for Ag-110m (> 2.9E + 04). The radiological dose rates for the squid from the radionuclides measured were far lower than the relevant benchmark of 10 µGy h−1. For human consumers ingesting these squid, the dose contribution from natural radionuclides (> 99.9 %) including Po-210, was far greater than that of Fukushima-accident radionuclides (
Leaf Area Index identified as a major source of variability in modelled CO2 fertilization
Authors: Li Qianyu , Lu Xingjie , Wang Yingping , Huang Xin , Cox Peter M. , Luo Yiqi
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The concentration-carbon feedback factor (β), also called the CO2 fertilization effect, is a key unknown in climate-carbon cycle projections. A better understanding of model mechanisms that govern terrestrial ecosystem responses to elevated CO2 is urgently needed to enable a more accurate prediction of future terrestrial carbon sink. We calculated CO2 fertilization effects at various hierarchical levels from leaf biochemical reaction, leaf photosynthesis, canopy gross primary production (GPP), net primary production (NPP), to ecosystem carbon storage (cpool), for seven C3 vegetation types in response to increasing CO2 under RCP 8.5 scenario, using the Community Atmosphere Biosphere Land Exchange model (CABLE). Our results show that coefficient of variation (CV) for the CABLE model among the seven vegetation types is 0.15–0.13 for the biochemical level β, 0.13–0.16 for the leaf-level β, 0.48 for the βGPP, 0.45 for the βNPP, and 0.58 for the βcpool. The low variation of the leaf-level β is consistent with a theoretical analysis that leaf photosynthetic sensitivity to increasing CO2 concentration is almost an invariant function. In CABLE, the major jump in CV of β values from leaf- to canopy- and ecosystem-levels results from divergence in modelled leaf area index (LAI) within and among the vegetation types. The correlations of βGPP, βNPP, or βcpool with βLAI are very high in CABLE. Overall, our results indicate that modelled LAI is a key factor causing the divergence in β values in CABLE model. It is therefore urgent to constrain processes that regulate LAI dynamics in order to better represent the response of ecosystem productivity to increasing CO2 in Earth System Models.
Comparison of precipitation measurements by OTT Parsivel2 and Thies LPM optical disdrometers
Authors: Angulo-Martínez Marta , Beguería Santiago , Latorre Borja , Fernández-Raga María
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Optical disdrometers are present weather sensors with the ability of
providing detailed information on precipitation such as rain intensity, radar
reflectivity or kinetic energy, together with discrete information on the
particle size and fall velocity distribution (PSVD) of the hydrometeors.
Disdrometers constitute a step forward towards a more complete
characterization of precipitation, being useful in several research fields
and applications. In this article the performance of two extensively used
optical disdrometers, the most recent version of OTT Parsivel2 disdrometer
and Thies Clima Laser Precipitation Monitor (LPM), is evaluated. During
2 years, four collocated optical disdrometers, two Thies Clima LPM and two
OTT Parsivel2, collected up to 100 000 min of data and up to
30 000 min with rain in more than 200 rainfall events, with intensities
peaking at 277 mm h−1 in 1 minute. The analysis of these records shows
significant differences between both disdrometer types for all integrated
precipitation parameters, which can be explained by differences in the raw
PSVD estimated by the two sensors. Thies LPM recorded a larger number of
particles than Parsivel2 and a higher proportion of small particles than
OTT Parsivel2, resulting in higher rain rates and totals and differences
in radar reflectivity and kinetic energy. These differences increased greatly
with rainfall intensity. Possible causes of these differences, and their
practical consequences, are discussed in order to help researchers and users
in the choice of sensor, and at the same time
pointing out limitations to be addressed in future studies.
Modelled subglacial floods and tunnel valleys control the lifecycle of transitory ice streams
Authors: Lelandais Thomas , Ravier Édouard , Pochat Stéphane , Bourgeois Olivier , Clark Christopher D. , Mourgues Régis , Strzerzynski Pierre
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Ice streams are corridors of fast-flowing ice that control mass transfers from continental ice sheets to oceans. Their flow speeds are known to accelerate and decelerate, their activity to switch on and off, and even their locations to shift entirely. Our analogue physical experiments reveal that a lifecycle incorporating evolving subglacial meltwater routing and bed erosion can govern this complex transitory behaviour. The model ice streams switch on when subglacial water pockets drain as marginal outburst floods. Then they decelerate as basal coupling increases as a consequence of the lubricating water drainage system spontaneously organising itself into channels that erode tunnel valleys. They surge or jump in location when these water drainage systems maintain low discharge but they ultimately switch off when tunnel valleys have expanded to develop efficient drainage systems. Beyond reconciling previously disconnected observations of modern and ancient ice streams into a single lifecycle, the modelling suggests that tunnel valley development may be crucial in stabilising portions of ice sheets during periods of climate change.
Automated iceberg detection using Landsat: method and example
application in Disko Bay, west Greenland
Authors: Scheick Jessica , Enderlin Ellyn M. , Hamilton Gordon
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Over the last two decades, the flux of icebergs into Greenland's fjords and coastal waters has increased, concurrent with changes in mass loss and dynamics of Greenland's marine-terminating outlet glaciers. Icebergs impact fjord circulation and stratification, freshwater flux, and ecosystem structure and pose a hazard to marine navigation and infrastructure, yet they remain a relatively understudied component of the ice-ocean system. Icebergs are easily detected in optical satellite imagery, but manual analysis to derive an iceberg size distribution time series is time prohibitive and partially cloudy scenes pose a challenge to automated analysis. Here we present a novel, computationally simple machine learning-based cloud mask for Landsat 7 and 8. This mask is incorporated into a larger iceberg delineation algorithm that allows us to extract iceberg size distributions, including outlines of individual icebergs, for cloud-free and partially cloud-covered Landsat scenes. We applied the algorithm to the Landsat archive covering Disko Bay, west Greenland, to derive a time series of iceberg size distributions from 2000–2002 and 2013–2015. The time series captures the seasonal signal in ice cover resulting from the annual cycles of sea ice formation and breakup and calving of Jakobshavn Isbrae, the dominant source of icebergs in Disko Bay. We note a change in this annual signal during the latter time period, likely a direct result of changes in the calving regime of Jakobshavn Isbrae. During 2000–2002, Jakobshavn Isbrae's floating ice tongue disintegrated and disappeared, transitioning the glacier from low energy, tabular iceberg calving to high energy, full thickness calving and the production of more small icebergs. This transition is also evident in the change in the number of small (~ 225 m2) icebergs found on the bay, which increased during the latter period. The change in the number of small icebergs also led to increasingly negative power law slopes fit to the iceberg size distribution time series. This work suggests that iceberg size distribution time series may provide useful insights into changes in calving dynamics and the physics of iceberg decay, while aiding marine and navigation safety in iceberg laden waters.
Reflexiones en torno al contexto socio-laboral en El Salvador. Situación en los departamentos de La Libertad y La Paz
Authors: Corral Fuentes Jesús
Published: May 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 60, 1997: 559-586
Asymmetry in Similarity Formation: Extension of Similarity Theory to Open Sets of Features
Authors: Falkowski Andrzej , Sidoruk-Błach Maria , Bartosiewicz Zbigniew , Olszewska Justyna M.
Published: May 2018

The current work shows the extension of similarity theory to open sets of features. Increasing similarity between two objects while deleting distinctive features and adding common features results in different effects depending on the original similarity. When the similarity is greater than 0.5, deleting distinctive features is more effective. When the similarity value is less than 0.5, adding common features is more effective. When we compare an object with its ideal, common features are positive and distinctive features are negative, whereas when we compare an object with its anti-ideal, common features are negative and distinctive features are positive. Consequently, greater strength of negative or positive features in increasing similarity depends on both the value of original similarity and whether the object is compared with its ideal or to its anti-ideal. In this way the positive–negative asymmetry is revealed. Theoretical simulations and a brief empirical demonstration of how the model works have shown that for similarity exceeding 0.5 of a compared object to its ideal, deleting negative features had a stronger effect on the positive image of a particular object than adding positive features of the same value. The mechanism presented is universal and refers to estimation and comparison of all natural stimuli, which can be defined by means of open sets of features.
Acoustic Characteristics of Pakistani English Vowel Sounds
Authors: Abbasi Abdul , Channa Mansoor , Memon Masood , John Stephen , Ahmed Irtaza , Kumar Kamlesh
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this investigation was to document acoustic characteristics of Pakistani English (PaKE) vowel sounds. The experiment was designed to examine the properties of ten vowels produced by Pakistani ESL learners. The analysis is based on the voice samples of recorded 50 CVC words. Total 5000 (10  10  50=5000) voiced samples were analyzed. The data consisted of 50 words of ten English vowel sounds [i: ɪ e ɔ: æ ə ɑ: u: ɒ ʊ]. Ten ESL speakers recorded their voice samples on Praat speech processing tool installed on laptop. Three parameters were considered i.e., fundamental frequency (F0), vowel quality (F1-F2) and duration. Formant patterns were judged manually by visual inspection on Praat Speech Processing Tool. Analysis of formant frequency shows numerous differences between male and female of F1 and F2, fundamental frequency and duration of English vowels. The voice samples provide evidence for higher and lower frequency of vowel sounds. Additionally, the data analysis illustrates that there were statistical differences in the values of short and long vowels coupled with vowel space plot showing explicit differences in locating the production of vowels of male & female vowel space acoustic realizations.
Seks, ICT en het strafrecht
Authors: Budde Franck , Lagerwey Rosanne
Published: May 2018

Report of study day of PROCES

On Thursday January 25, 2018 the study day of PROCES took place with the title ‘Sex, ICT and criminal law’. Sex is as old as the road to Rome so there is nothing new there. But with the arrival of ICT in addition to the physical world there is a new world in which sex has also found his way. Where as sex in the past consisted of physical interactions between people in the same space, now sexual interaction also happens between people who are miles apart, connected by ICT. During the study day the central issue was how organizations involved in sex, ICT and criminal law deal with sex in the digital dimension and which problems they face.
Daders van arbeidsuitbuiting
Authors: van Meeteren Masja , van der Leun Joanne
Published: May 2018

Those who commit labor exploitation. An analysis of the alleged role of organized crime in human trafficking

Human traffickers are usually depicted in public discourse as evil villains: the crème de la crème of organized crime. Although this image has also been dominant among scholars for a long time, it has become increasingly controversial. On the one hand, this debate is fueled by discussions amongst criminologists on criminal networks, on the other hand by the expansion of the legal definition of the crime since 2005. Apart from exploitation in the prostitution sector, various other forms of human trafficking are distinguished now, including labor exploitation. This article explores the question of which organizational forms play a role in labor exploitation. Through a review of the empirical research literature on labor exploitation, the authors show that in the field of labor exploitation, there is probably less involvement in criminal syndicates or criminal networks that maintain contacts with other criminal networks. In many cases, labor exploitation is committed by individuals or family businesses, or smaller loosely organized networks that are not necessarily embedded in other criminal networks. For researchers and policy makers alike, it is therefore advisable not to approach labor exploitation exclusively from the perspective of transnational organized crime.
Παιδεια and humanitas in Cicero’s Instruction
Authors: Pichugina Victoria
Published: May 2018

This text expands on the essence of Cicero’s humanistic pedagogy. The article consists of four parts: the introduction focuses on pedagogical connotation of the humanitas concept and connection of this term to the Greek φιλανθρωπία and παιδεία found in Cicero, the following two parts are devoted to Cicero’s own analysis of the features of humanitas as regards the process and result of education and the concluding part emphasises the point that Cicero himself used the word humanitas to describe an education-based life practice of an individual. The research was carried out with financial support of The Russian Foundation for Basic Research’ grant (project 16-06-00004").
Upbringing to entrepreneurship–experience of the Happy Childhood Foundation
Authors: Szaro Marta
Published: May 2018

School plays an important function in teenagers’ lives. The mission of all educational institutions should be to provide young people with knowledge and prepare them for life in society. School can open doors and offer prospects for a better future. The average teenager spends eight hours a day at school. The school should be friendly and become the main place of development. The labour market is changing, so the task of the school should be to create an entrepreneurial attitude. The psychological term which connects this two facts is called self-efficacy. Self-efficacy is defined as a personal judgement of “how well one can execute courses of action required to deal with prospective situations”. School success is composed of good marks and good functioning in the school environment. Creating school adjustment should be a necessity for teachers, not a choice. “School of Entrepreneurship” is a program for young people to create the self-efficacy in the student life. The program was created by Happy Childhood Foundation in Lublin and was attended by about 1800 students in 2017. This article describes this program and how important it is for students is to improving the self-efficacy and be brought up to entrepreneurship.
A SUPERAÇÃO DA POLÍTICA DA MONETIZAÇÃO DO RISCO E A INSALUBRIDADE: UMA ÓTICA COMPARATIVA APRESENTADA PELO DIREITO ITALIANO
Authors: Ferraz Miriam Olivia Knopik , Villatore Marco Antônio César
Published: May 2018

O estudo se desenvolve da análise completa da política da monetização do risco, para posteriormente adentrar no Direito Italiano, construindo uma análise comparada entre as principais normativas de ambos os países (Brasil e Itália). A análise desta política, no Brasil e quanto a insalubridade, demonstra-se extremamente arcaica e passível de superação quando observadas as políticas atuais de prevenção e eliminação do risco no ambiente laboral. Ainda, os custos sociais a que esta política se vincula demonstram reflexos na sociedade de forma ampla que se somam à desatualização da legislação brasileira a parâmetros mínimos internacionais. Em contrapartida, o direito italiano busca o enfoque preventivo, e traz uma legislação completa e com atualizações e reformas, no mínimo, anuais. O objetivo é estudar se à normativa italiana pode trazer complementações a legislação brasileira, no que os ordenamentos se assemelham e onde se diferenciam. Para esta análise, realiza-se o contraponto de ambas as Constituições, a CLT e o Código Civil Italiano, e da NR nº. 15 do MTE no Brasil e o decreto nº. 81/2008 da Itália.
O DIREITO DA UNIÃO EUROPEIA E A DETERIORAÇÃO DEMOCRÁTICA E SOCIAL
Authors: Osório Luiz Felipe Brandão
Published: May 2018

Se a União Europeia representa para muitos o auge dos processos de integração regional e, consequentemente, da paz pela normatividade, na primeira crise as brumas dissipam-se, revelando o real caráter do projeto comunitário. O objetivo deste artigo é escancarar o processo europeu pela ferramenta da crítica ao direito. A organização internacional atinge um patamar inédito de desenvolvimento institucional e normativo, ao mesmo tempo em que se deteriora socioeconomicamente, com a desconstrução do modelo de bem-estar social. Por isso, a compreensão do fenômeno social em sua plenitude demanda um olhar pela ótica da teoria materialista do Estado. A discussão teórica envolve o desfazimento das ilusões europeias pós-Maastricht. Dessa forma, a internacionalização das relações capitalistas da era pós-fordista esgarça o modelo de bem-estar social nas sociedades europeias.
LEGITIMIDADE DA DEFENSORIA PÚBLICA PARA PROMOVER AÇÃO CIVIL PÚBLICA POR IMPROBIDADE ADMINISTRATIVA DECORRENTE DA OMISSÃO DE POLÍTICAS DE SAÚDE
Authors: Lamy Marcelo , Oliveira Flávio Antonio de
Published: May 2018

O presente artigo tem por objetivo defender a legitimidade ativa conglobante da Defensoria Pública para a tutela coletiva repressiva por improbidade administrativa decorrente de omissão na implementação da saúde pública, eis que a tutela coletiva a cargo da Defensoria Pública é ampla, sem limitações temáticas que possam obstar a atuação plena dessa instituição em prol da efetivação de direitos e garantias fundamentais em juízo. Para tanto, o estudo em testilha constrói-se com embasamento na exegese global do ordenamento jurídico pátrio à luz dos princípios da máxima efetividade das normas constitucionais e do acesso à justiça: verdadeiros vetores de racionalização interpretativa na elucidação do tema. Amparado em estudo bibliográfico e documental, a pesquisa foi desenvolvida sob a abordagem jus positivista normativista, para identificar os argumentos preponderantes ou excludentes incidentes sobre o raciocínio jurídico atinente à questão.
LA RIFORMA DEI REATI SESSUALI IN FERMANIA DEL 2016
Authors: Macrì Francesco
Published: May 2018

Il legislatore tedesco ha nel 2016 riformato incisivamente la legislazione penale sessuale. La norma di maggiore impatto giuridico e simbolico è il § 177/1 StGB, che sancisce – per la prima volta in un grande ordinamento di Civil Law – la punibilità degli atti sessuali “meramente dissensuali”. Ulteriore modifica rilevante è l'incriminazione degli atti sessuali commessi “a sorpresa”, così come quella delle molestie sessuali.  È stato poi introdotto un peculiare delitto “accessorio” (§ 184j StGB) che sanziona la mera partecipazione ad un gruppo che induca uno dei membri a commettere un reato sessuale. Siffatta previsione, peraltro, si connota per una strumentalizzazione simbolica del diritto penale che non appare accompagnata da un potenziamento funzionale della tutela della libertà sessuale. In un'ottica complessiva, tuttavia, va osservato come la suddetta ombra (così come altre minori) sia affiancata da importanti luci, a partire dalla svolta “consensualistica” del Sexualstrafrecht tedesco, che ad avviso dello scrivente consentono un giudizio globalmente positivo – pur con talune riserve – sulla riforma.
PERFIL CLÍNICO E SÓCIO DEMOGRÁFICO DOS PACIENTES EM TRATAMENTO DE HEMODIÁLISE NO OESTE CATARINENSE
Authors: Silva Olvani Martins da , Kuns Claudete Maria , Bissoloti Aline , Ascari Rosana Amora
Published: May 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer as características clínicas e sociodemograficas dos pacientes em tratamento hemodialítico no oeste de Santa Catarina. Entre maio e junho de 2013, após aprovação pelo comitê de ética em pesquisa da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina sob o número 248.116/2013, foi realizado um estudo exploratório e qualitativo em prontuários dos pacientes em tratamento hemodialítico. Resultados indicam predomínio de indivíduos do sexo masculino, com idade entre 40 e 59 anos, cor branca, aposentados e de baixa escolaridade. A principal intercorrência durante a diálise é a hipotensão e as patologias de base da Doença Renal Crônica (DRC) são a diabetes mellitus e a hipertensão arterial. É notável que a DRC traz implicações clínicas e sociais aos pacientes, acarretando alterações fisiológicas, econômicas e emocionais. Acreditamos que uma maior divulgação com ênfase no combate à doenças crônicas não transmissíveis que levam à DRC, através de campanhas educativas, seja uma alternativa viável para modificar o perfil atual.
The importance of complex anthropometrics in the assessment of cyclists
Authors:   , Bullas Alice May
Published: May 2018

The description and analysis of body dimensions is vital, not merely to monitor training, performance and talent identification, but to understand the evolution and development of sport. Recent literature suggested that complex anthropometrics, such as volume and area, can identify changes in body size and shape that might otherwise go unnoticed by simple anthropometrics as well as providing a more realistic representation of the body. The aim of this programme of doctoral study was to determine the importance of complex anthropometrics in the kinanthropometric assessment of cyclists. Stereo photogrammetry imaging was identified as the most suitable method of acquiring simple and complex anthropometrics. Validation of a stereo photogrammetry imaging system - 3dMDbody5 - was conducted using validation objects (precision engineered cylinders) and human participants, to determine the system's accuracy, repeatability and agreement with manual measurement methods. These investigations suggested the 3dMDbody5 system to be capable of detecting differences greater than 0.67 cm in girths, 0.48 cm2 in cross sectional areas, 67.85 ml in volumes and 0.99 cm2 in surface areas. In addition, the system demonstrated strong agreement with manual measurements, within that required by established industry standards (ISAK and ISO). Consequently, the 3dMDbody5 system was deemed suitable for use in subsequent investigations. Using the 3dMDbody5 imaging system a series of investigations were conducted to examine the importance of complex anthropometrics in the lower body kinanthropometric assessment of cyclists. First, in a descriptive context, an investigation into the extent to which simple and complex anthropometrics can distinguish between non-cyclists and cyclists from different disciplines was conducted. Second, in an applied context, the extent to which simple and complex anthropometrics explained the variance in peak power output was investigated. Third, in a longitudinal context, the anthropometrics and peak power output of a group of cyclists were monitored over the course of a power based training phase. This was to assess if changes in peak power output related to changes in anthropometrics and the extent to which simple and complex anthropometrics identified morphological change. The findings of these investigations provide a more detailed understanding of the lower body anthropometrics of cyclists. Moreover, demonstrating that in descriptive, applied and longitudinal kinanthropometric assessment of cyclists complex anthropometrics complement simple anthropometrics, and in some cases distinguished differences / changes that are unidentifiable through simple anthropometrics alone.