bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the efficacy of hemoglobin electrophoresis as a diagnostic tool in moderate to severe anemia: a study protocol
Authors: Bhongade Rakhi , Vodithala Sahitya , Vagha Sunita
Published: September 2023

Patients with hemoglobinopathy may experience short-term benefits from nutritional support and blood transfusions, but long-term results may be better if a precise diagnosis is obtained and a precise course of treatment or safety measures is adopted. The goal of the study is to determine the prevalence of haemoglobin abnormalities in people who presented with moderate to severe anaemia using haemoglobin electrophoresis They will undergo haemoglobin electrophoresis to test for the presence of any haemoglobin abnormalities. For anaemia classification, the WHO reference range is used. The outcome and quality of life of patients with haemoglobin disorders can be improved when they are properly managed, and since a significant portion of the patients in our study have hemoglobinopathies of varying severity, it would be prudent to conduct investigations to determine the precise cause of anaemia, particularly in rural areas where supportive management remains the mainstay of treatment in most scenarios.
Case Report: Langerhans cell histiocytosis involving the cervical spine in an adult patient
Authors: Chaulagain Dipak , Smolanka Volodymyr , Smolanka Andriy , Havryliv Taras
Published: September 2023

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) is a typically benign disorder that affects infants predominately, with adult occurrence being uncommon. We discuss the case of a 22-year-old guy who visited our clinic complaining of three months of acute nape pain and upper limb radiculopathy. Notably, the patient had no history of trauma, fall injuries, or tuberculosis. Radiological tests identified a single osteolytic lesion within the C3 vertebral body. The lesion was removed, an anterior C3 corpectomy and discectomy were performed, and the patient's spine was reconstructed with a titanium cage and plating. The patient's nape discomfort and radiculopathy vanished almost instantly after surgery. A definitive diagnosis of LCH was confirmed through histological examination. This case report illustrates the unusual and uncommon occurrence of LCH at the C3 vertebral body, for which fusion surgery was the only viable therapeutic option. The patient's recovery from radiating pain following the surgical procedure demonstrates the effectiveness of the intervention. LCH in the cervical spine is rather rare, but it is nevertheless important to be aware of the possibility of developing it.
The genome sequence of the common limpet, Patella vulgata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Hawkins Stephen J. , Mieszkowska Nova , Mrowicki Rob ,   Marine Biological Association Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: September 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual Patella vulgata (the common limpet; Mollusca; Gastropoda; Patellogastropoda; Patellidae). The genome sequence is 695.4 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 9 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 14.93 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 19,378 protein coding genes.
Mutual Fund Fragility, Dealer Liquidity Provision, and the Pricing of Municipal Bonds
Authors: Li Yi , O’Hara Maureen , Zhou Xing (Alex)
Published: September 2023

Against the backdrop of COVID-19, we study how the interactions of mutual funds and dealers introduce fragility to the municipal bond market and induce lasting market impacts. During the crisis, trading surges, whereas dealers’ liquidity provision plunges for mutual-fund-held bonds, leading to greater price depressions in these bonds. Importantly, the crisis reshapes the market’s perceptions of mutual fund fragility risks, with the aftermath-yield spreads widening significantly more for bonds with greater mutual fund exposures. Such postcrisis pricing effects reflect dealers’ continued reluctance to provide liquidity for mutual fund–held bonds, and they are stronger for bonds whose mutual fund holders are more susceptible to investor runs.

This paper was accepted by Victoria Ivashina, finance.

Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4912 .
Antifungal Trait and Plant Growth Promotion Potential of Bacillus Spp. from Rhizosphere Soils of Black Aromatic Rice, ‘Chakhao’
Authors: Sultana Sajida , Shaheen Khullakpam , Nongthombam Amanda , Shingmuan H , Pusparani Chanu Wahengbam , Khunjamayum Rakhi , Ningthoujam Debananda S.
Published: September 2023

Manipuri black aromatic rice, ‘Chakhao’, is a nutrient rich unique local rice cultivar of Manipur, India. Rhizosphere bacteria may have potential as antifungal agent and seedling growth promoter. Hence, the current investigation was aimed at screening, for the above traits, using bacteria, Bacillus spp., isolated from the soil of Rhizosphere of six Chakhao rice cultivars. Altogether, 323 bacterial isolates were obtained from the rhizospheric soils of 6 different cultivars of Chakhao, namely Chakhao Amubi (CA), Chakhao Poireiton (CP), Chakhao Sempak (CS), Chakhao Angoubi (CAng), Chakhao Angangbi (CR) and Chakhao Wairi (CW). All the rhizobacterial isolates were screened for antifungal activity against 5 rice fungal pathogens viz. Rhizoctonia solani (RS), Fusarium oxysporum (FO), Curvularia oryzae (CO), Pyricularia oryzae (PO) and Aspergillus niger (AN). The isolates were also subjected to PGP (plant growth promotion) assays such as ammonia, indole acetic acid (IAA), siderophore and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase production, and phosphate solubilization. Of 323 isolates obtained, 64 were found to exhibit antifungal activity while 69 showed PGP traits. Twenty-five (25) isolates were found to be positive for both antifungal and PGP traits. Of 25 bioactive isolates, 4 (CR12, CW11, CA2 and CP2) potent isolates were shortlisted for further studies. The shortlisted potent isolates were subjected to quantitative estimation of PGP activities like phosphate solubilization, IAA and siderophore production. The strains could produce significant amount of IAA and siderophore and solubilize phosphate. Molecular characterization by 16S rDNA sequence analyses revealed the identity of the isolates: CR12: Bacillus subtilis (Accn. No.OM866257), CW11: Bacillus paralicheniformis (Accn. No.OM868047), CA2: Bacillus sp. CCMB1014 (Accn. No.OM868070) and CP2: Bacillus licheniformis (Accn. No.OM892495). Seedling vigor assays of the shortlisted potent strains were carried out on Chakhao Amubi rice. The isolates exhibited higher seedling vigor indices (CR12: 668.00, CA2: 618.66, CP2: 510.92 and CW11: 478.91) over the control (164.48). These rhizospheric strains have the potential to be developed as bioinoculants or biostimulants for enhancing Chakhao rice growth.
Integrated Approach to Management of Brown Root Rot Disease of Tea (Camellia sinensis (L)O.Kuntze).
Authors: Morang Pranjal , Prava Devi Sashi , Doley Satya Nath
Published: September 2023

Abstract: Brown root rot disease caused by Fomes lamoensis and Trott has been identified as the primary root disease of tea. Indiscriminate use of chemicals in tea garden area has an adverse effect on the environment. For management of this root disease, integrated approach is required for sustainability in tea cultivation. The present study involves the use of five systemic fungicides, which were screened and tested against the pathogen. Total five fungicides used, among the fungicides propiconazole and hexaconazole was inhibit 98.51% and 100% growth of pathogen @ 100mg/l concentration. However bavistin, roko and ektino, showed in12.58%, 5.18% and1.48% inhibition respectively. Bacillus cereus and Trichoderma harzianum were also evaluated and efficiently inhibited F. lamoensis in vitro. The zone of inhibition varied from 10 to 15 mm in case of B. cereus and 10 to 16 mm in case of T. harzianum. The nursery experiment exhibited that tea plants at 120 days after the treatment (DAT) with the pathogen showed 76.66% disease incidence. The reduction in disease incidence (23.33% and 13.25% respectively) was observed when the plants were treated with biocontrol agents i.e.B. cereus and T. harzianum. In case of chemically treated plants only 10% disease incidence was observed. The results of the nursery experiment showed that both the chemicals and biocontrol agents significantly affected incidence of disease and promoted growth of tea measured in terms of shoot height, root length, number of new leaves, lateral branches, biomass of shoot and root over the control.
Expression of Quantitative and Qualitative Traits in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Grown through Organic Production Intervention in Eastern Indian Plateau
Authors: Ghoshal Sucharita , Kr. Dutta Avijit
Published: September 2023

The investigation was conducted during two consecutive rabi seasons of 2019-20 and 2020-21 at the Organic Experimental Farm of Ranchi campus of the university by employing eight traditionally grown potato varieties of the region viz., V1 (Kufri Jyoti), V2 (Siwan), V3 (C-40), V4 (2236), V5 (Ultimatum), V6 (Sathi), V7 (Lal Gulab) and V8 (Nainital). They were grown independently through four organic growing conditions namely, C1 (Conventional Farming) where only Farm Yard Manure (FYM) @ 10 t.ha-1 was applied, C2 (Bulky Organic Manure) where along with the FYM @ 10 t.ha-1, vermicompost @ 20 tha-1 was applied, C3 (Vivek Krishi) where along with the FYM @ 10 t.ha-1, enriched Sanjeevani (10%) was applied, and C4 (Absolute Control) where no organic input was used. Four separate field experiments based upon the predesigned growing conditions were intended by adopting Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) experimental design by assigning thrice replication of each of the eight varieties of the crop. Different growth and yield attributes along with the quality contributing traits were studied and found to be highly influenced by different organic growing conditions. Most of the studied growth and yield attributing traits of potato were highly influenced by the growing condition (C2) where along with the FYM @ 10 t.ha-1, Vermicompost @ 20 t.ha-1 was applied resulting higher yield (34.13 tha-1) as estimated in V4 (2236). However, almost all quality attributing traits were highly influenced by the growing condition (C3) ensuing higher starch content (31.86% in V6) where along with the FYM @ 10 t.ha-1 a liquid organic formulation Enriched Sanjeevani (10%) was applied. The study revealed that potato is highly responsive to different organic growing conditions especially bulky organic manure (vermicompost) for higher yield and Vivek Krishi for proximate quality traits expression under the organic growing condition of the south Chhota Nagpur region of the eastern Indian plateau.
Supporting the future of gastrointestinal nursing
Authors: Donnelly Leigh , Scarisbrick Lindsey
Published: September 2023

Leigh Donnelly and Lindsey Scarisbrick discuss the work the BSGNA are doing to support the future of gastrointestinal nursing
Endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography and endoscopic ultrasound: the pilot is only as good as the co-pilot – what do nurses need to know?
Authors: Schoefl Rainer
Published: September 2023

Endoscopy procedures require a collaborative team approach. Flight simulator training is an advanced method used to enhance the stress resilience and communication skills of nurses, which are crucial for successful execution. Novices need sufficient time to acquire expertise, so clear learning outcomes should be established for nurses in endoscopy. The European Society of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Nurses and Associates has developed a job profile and core curriculum for endoscopy nursing. Various simulators, including those using tubes and virtual reality, are available for training, with the Erlangen active simulator for interventional endoscopy being the most suitable. Monitoring the frequency of procedures allows for individual competency assessment. Effective communication is essential for success and safety. Postgraduate training programmes should be provided for individuals lacking endoscopy education. National and international meetings should attract doctors and nurses to promote teamwork and knowledge exchange. Advancements in technology will shape the job profile of endoscopy professionals, including short wire systems, single-operator cholangiocytes, nurse endoscopists, nurse-assisted propofol sedation, artificial intelligence, endoscopy robots and hybrid procedures.
Aerial-Based Weed Detection Using Low-Cost and Lightweight Deep Learning Models on an Edge Platform
Authors: Rai Nitin , Sun Xin , Igathinathane C. , Howatt Kirk , Ostlie Michael
Published: September 2023

Highlights

Lightweight deep learning models were trained on an edge device to identify weeds in aerial images.

A customized configuration file was setup to train the models.

These models were deployed to detect weeds in aerial images and videos (near real-time).

CSPMobileNet-v2 and YOLOv4-lite are recommended models for weed detection using edge platform.

Abstract. Deep learning (DL) techniques have proven to be a successful approach in detecting weeds for site-specific weed management (SSWM). In the past, most of the research work has trained and deployed pre-trained DL models on high-end systems coupled with expensive graphical processing units (GPUs). However, only a limited number of research studies have used DL models on an edge system for aerial-based weed detection. Therefore, while focusing on hardware cost minimization, eight DL models were trained and deployed on an edge device to detect weeds in aerial-image context and videos in this study. Four large models, namely CSPDarkNet-53, DarkNet-53, DenseNet-201, and ResNet-50, along with four lightweight models, CSPMobileNet-v2, YOLOv4-lite, EfficientNet-B0, and DarkNet-Ref, were considered for training a customized DL architecture. Along with trained model performance scores (average precision score, mean average precision (mAP), intersection over union, precision, and recall), other model metrics to assess edge system performance such as billion floating-point operations/s (BFLOPS), frame rates/s (FPS), and GPU memory usage were also estimated. The lightweight CSPMobileNet-v2 and YOLOv4-lite models outperformed others in detecting weeds in aerial image context. These models were able to achieve a mAP score of 83.2% and 82.2%, delivering an FPS of 60.9 and 61.1 during near real-time weed detection in aerial videos, respectively. The popular ResNet-50 model achieved a mAP of 79.6%, which was the highest amongst all the large models deployed for weed detection tasks. Based on the results, the two lightweight models, namely, CSPMobileNet-v2 and YOLOv4-lite, are recommended, and they can be used on a low-cost edge system to detect weeds in aerial image context with significant accuracy. Keywords: Aerial image, Deep learning, Edge device, Precision agriculture, Weed detection.
X-ray Imaging Assessment of Internal Seed Morphology as a Nondestructive Viability Prediction for Triploid Watermelon Seeds
Authors: Hong Suk-Ju , Lee Ahyeong , Kim Sang-Yeon , Kim EungChan , Ryu Jiwon , Kim Dae Young , Kim Ghiseok
Published: September 2023

Highlights

X-ray imaging techniques were used to assess the internal morphology of triploid watermelon seeds.

Structural integrity of triploid watermelon seed was quantified through image-processing and analyzed according to multiple viability classes.

Integrity and CNN-based viability prediction models were developed and evaluated for multiple viability criteria.

In the integrity analysis and modeling results, there were differences in the correlation between internal seed morphology and viability depending on the condition of the seed lot.

Abstract. Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is a tropical fruit consumed worldwide in various forms. Triploid watermelons—or seedless watermelons—have remained popular for decades because of the absence of hard seeds and their flavor. However, triploid watermelon seeds have lower viability than diploid watermelon seeds because of their thick seed coats, underdeveloped embryos, and larger internal cavity spaces. This poor viability characteristic of triploid watermelon seed leads to low crop productivity. Therefore, a nondestructive inspection technology is deemed necessary for sorting triploid watermelon seeds. In this study, we assessed the internal morphology of triploid watermelon seeds by applying the X-ray imaging technique to predict seed viability. More specifically, we analyzed the association between the structural integrity and viability of the seeds by X-ray image processing. Furthermore, prediction models based on integrity and convolutional neural networks (CNN) were developed and evaluated for multiple viability criteria and seed lots. As a result, first-grade class seeds were shown to significantly differ from the rest of the classes in terms of integrity. Similarly, the performance of classifying the first-grade class from other classes was the highest among classification criteria in prediction models. Although the CNN model showed better performances than the integrity-based model, seed integrity was considered to be the most important feature even in the CNN model. The CNN model in this study showed accuracies of 73.64%–90.63% depending on the seed lot, suggesting that the correlation between seed internal structure and viability may differ depending on the conditions of the seed lot. Keywords: Deep learning, Seed, Seed integrity, Triploid watermelon, Viability, X-ray.
Effectiveness of Saturated Buffers on Water Pollutant Reduction from Agricultural Drainage
Authors: Johnson Gabriel , Christianson Laura , Christianson Reid , Davis Morgan , Díaz-García Carolina , Groh Tyler , Isenhart Thomas , Kjaersgaard Jeppe , Malone Rob , Pease Lindsay A. , Rogovska Natalia
Published: September 2023

Highlights

Saturated buffers redistribute tile drainage water below riparian buffers to reduce nitrate-nitrogen loading.

NRCS Conservation Practice Standard 604 guides saturated buffer design in the USA.

Annual edge-of-field nitrate-nitrogen loss reductions averaged 46 ± 24% and 9.4 ± 5.9 kg N/ha/y.

Further research on design, siting, and mechanisms will enhance performance.

Abstract. It is a pivotal time in the development of saturated buffers as a conservation drainage practice. Field data have demonstrated that this practice can effectively reduce nitrate loads in subsurface drainage. The compilation and assessment of current knowledge for this relatively new practice is timely to help identify future opportunities. This review summarizes the state of the science for saturated buffers in the US within the context of this special collection’s emphasis on performance and cost. Suggested research areas are identified to improve understanding of saturated buffer function and performance and to refine design processes and criteria to accelerate adoption. As currently designed, saturated buffers removed an average of 46 ± 24% (mean ± sd) of the N load that would have otherwise entered receiving waters (9.4 ± 5.9 kg N removed/ha-y; n = 30 site-years). Cost efficiencies, which generally trended around $3 to $5/kg N removed per year, were considered relatively efficient compared to similar nitrate removal practices (range: $1.20 to $9.20/kg N/y), with planning level costs between $25 and $66/ha treated/y. As adoption is scaled, engineering design costs need to be considered unless the design model can be simplified. Future research should refine design processes, management, and siting criteria to facilitate scaled adoption for water quality goals. Additional studies on nutrient cycling within saturated buffers are needed to fill gaps about nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics and the role of buffer vegetation. Saturated buffers have significant nitrate reduction potential for tile-drained landscapes, but design adaptations may be needed to facilitate adoption in varied landscapes. Keywords: Denitrification, Edge-of-Field, Nitrate, Nonpoint-source pollution, Saturated riparian buffer, Subsurface drainage, Tile drainage, Water quality.
ANATOMIA DA MADEIRA DE BALFOURODENDRON FIEDELIANUM, ENGLER, MOCAMBO
Authors: Pereira de Sousa José , Silva Guedes Maria Lenise
Published: September 2023

A planta Balfourodendron Riedelianum Engler é conhecida nA Bahia como Mocambo ou Pau Marfim. Em outros estados e países ela é conhecida como pau-cetim, marfim, farinha seca, guatambu, guamuxinga, ibirá-hetê, guatambu-blanco (Argentina). Parenckyma: difuso e terminal. Vessels: elementos de vasos com perfuração simples, 433 u. Raios: uniseriado, homogêneo, no máximo, Kribs tipo 1. Fibras: libriforme non septate, bem curta, 306 u.
CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE A NOÇÃO DE ESTRUTURA SOCIAL
Authors: Silva Câmara Antonio
Published: September 2023

Este artigo visa discutir o conceito de Estrutura Social proposto pelas diversas orientações teórico-metodológicas (funcionalismo, estruturalismo e marxismo) privilegiando a orientação do materialismo histórico como a mais capaz de reproduzir teoricamente a realidade social.
DIFUSÃO DO ENSINO À DISTÂNCIA
Authors: Siqueira de Freitas Kátia , Von Dorpowski Horst , J. Willower Donald
Published: September 2023

Este artigo focaliza o desenvolvimento do ensino à distância, a partir de suas raízes históricas e do uso dos vários meios de comunicação. O artigo propõe que esse conceito é tão válido atualmente quanto no Século XVIII, quando foi observado pela primeira vez. Seis veículos de transmissão do ensino à distância são discutidos: correspondência, rádio, telefone, televisão, micro-computador e satélite. O artigo apresenta algumas vantagens e desvantagens deste método de ensino, que surgiu para atender às necessidades de estudantes não-tradicionais que necessitam da flexibilidade do ensino à distância para usufruírem do papel democratizante da educação. O artigo enfatiza que ensino à distância vem-se tornando muito mais atento às necessidades dos seus clientes, como ilustrado pela utilização da nova tecnologia e de programas especiais para preparação de professores e de pessoal técnico-administrativo para o ensino à distância,
INÍCIO DE MOVIMENTAÇÃO DE SOLOS NÁO-COESIVOS EM CANAIS
Authors: Pereira de Novaes Carlos , Marozzi Riguetto Antonio
Published: September 2023

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo do início de movimentação de solos não-coesivos em canais, de importância para projetos de canais de irrigação onde à erosão deve ser evitada ou minimizada, É parte integrante do mesmo a revisão de algumas teorias sobre o assunto e a análise de dados colhidos de pesquisa experimental.
Seatbelts and safety nets
Authors: Mitchell Emma
Published: September 2023

Chapter 3 looks at the different versions of reciprocity that interviewees drew on to frame and justify their expectations of social support. During interviews, welfare users invoked various forms of reciprocity in their talk about welfare[, from contributing to collective benefit to mutual investment between individuals In doing so, they expressed different forms of belonging to the nation and made claims on its resources. The responses of the small but diverse range of interviewees suggest more about dynamics than patterns of expectation. The chapter shows how familiar scripts are loaded with the details of personal biography and social circumstance. It concludes by drawing on Ghassan Hage’s concept of the ‘social gift’ to argue that attention to the mode of accessing rights helps understand the problem of inequality and discrimination for those who are formally, although sometimes only partially, included.
The shame of protection
Authors: Mitchell Emma
Published: September 2023

Chapter 6 looks closely at the stories of two individuals in very different circumstances, but both afflicted with a deep sense of shame about relying on the Australian government for protection. Hasan was in limbo while he waited for the outcome of a review of his asylum case. Monica was a single parent and long-term welfare user who struggled to reconcile her aspirations and her circumstances. Through Hasan and Monica’s stories, this chapter pays attention to the productive and destructive dimensions of shame and disentangles the different capacities it makes possible or undermines. Asserting the power of personal choice as a vehicle for change and the sacrifice of personal dignity for the survival of the family is an anguished strategy of self-preservation when the prospects of one’s family look bleak and uncertain.
The art of getting by
Authors: Mitchell Emma
Published: September 2023

Chapter 7 draws attention to the modest pursuits and pleasures that sustain a liveable life in hardship but don’t necessarily conform to popular ideas of ‘good resilience’. It argues that research on lived experiences of welfare tends to be reactive in orientation, so that welfare users are more often positioned as adept responders than pursuers in accounts of getting by. The chapter builds on the work of Les Back and Eve Tuck to foreground examples of hope amid the strain of life on welfare without falling into overly rosy accounts of resilience or reinforcing the expectation that people face difficult situations with plucky resolve. While the understated examples of everyday care and accomplishment the chapter foregrounds may seem inconsequential, they are perhaps all the more relevant given the limited resources at the disposal of people struggling to get by.
Academic patriarchal (post)liberal capitalism
Authors: Tzanaki Demetra
Published: September 2023

Affective academic capitalism refers to processes of structuring a patriarchal (post) liberal ethos that appeals to academics as the Western European civilised norm. In this way, academics are forced to endorse competitiveness, abide by the patriarchal-authoritarian rules of this game and succumb to self-censorship. Taking the Greek case as a point of reference, I elaborate on the ways in which this affective-eugenic patriarchal discourse is structured and unfolds. The chapter draws on a broader philosophical project, particularly on the eugenic-affective biomedical discourse of the interwar years. At the same time, I examine how the eugenic patriarchal concept of failure as a ‘mental health’ problem of the individual’s intelligence and lifestyle persists to this day. Finally, I look into ways of addressing affect in different contexts, such as the brain-drain effect, concluding that as long as a eugenic-patriarchal binarism exists in the form of normal (masculinity)–abnormal (feminity) and the idea about personal failure defines reality, academics are called to perform within and reproduce a patriarchal (post)liberal ethos.
The storytelling and storyselling of neoliberal academic work
Authors: Jørgensen Kenneth Mølbjerg , Valero Paola
Published: September 2023

The tensions between academic capitalism and ethical subjectivation in universities are discussed in Chapter 5 through the contrast of two different types of stories about the university. The first is the university as a ‘moral concentration camp’, where research and education are part of biopolitical neoliberalism and its valuations of worthy/unworthy, beneficial/non-beneficial etc. The second is the university as ‘a public library’ where knowledge is shared and passed on for free to future generations. These stories express very different ideas of the ‘university’. The first uses what we call storyselling. It expresses the corporatisation of the self in the neoliberal academy and works through affective subjectivation. The second uses storytelling as an element in ethical self-formation. We argue that these two contradictory forces are simultaneously present in the work of the self on the self by which academics manage and organise their professional work lives. Resistance to academic capitalism is associated with storytelling. The problem as we see it is that storytelling resistance increasingly relies on the work of the self on the self while effective resistance requires the creation of more collective spaces where people can come together.
Exploring the academic and affective leadership in academia
Authors: Brunila Kristiina
Published: September 2023

Academic leaders and leadership are constituted by economically driven and affective discourses that are under constant resignification. Nowadays academic leadership is profoundly shaped by how neoliberalism works to convince it to be both more governable and more able to serve marketisation. Becoming a recognisable leader in academia represents a form of ‘cruel optimism’, and means learning how to present oneself the ‘right way’. In this chapter, the persistent individualistic approach in academic leadership discourse is critically unpacked in order to refuse and break the hold of what academic leaders and leadership in the university tend to be. In addition, possibilities for shifting the focus from an individualist orientation towards more undone, messy, contradictory and multiple discourses are explored.
The ideas of reablement and their travel across time and space
Authors: Feiring Marte , Førland Oddvar , Aspinal Fiona , Rostgaard Tine
Published: September 2023

Reablement approaches are growing rapidly across the Western world, reflecting ideas such as ‘healthy and active ageing’, which have framed reforms in health and social policies since the 1990s. Across world regions, there is today a general agreement that reablement is a person-centred approach, aiming to enhance the functioning and independence of older citizens through interprofessional training and activating them at home, thus reducing their need for long-term care. This chapter investigates how ideas of reablement have travelled and materialised into similar policies, activities, and institutional practices of reablement within and across different world regions.
Inspired by theories of ‘rhetorical frames’ and ‘travels of ideas’, we have interviewed eight key informants and studied policy documents and online information resources from governing authorities, representing three world regions. The analysis supports the argument that the travelling of ideas is quite complex and characterised by circularity rather than linearity. It focuses on the sustainability of the long-term care systems and the local and national needs to find efficient and cost-saving approaches. Our findings also indicate that transnational ideas of ‘successful ageing’, ‘active and healthy citizens’ have travelled to local and national practice, but also from local bottom-up initiatives to the agendas of supranational organisations.
Understanding people: a contemporary framework
Authors: Cooper Mick
Published: September 2023

The aim of this chapter is to describe a comprehensive, detailed, and contemporary psychological framework that can serve as the basis for a progressive vision for society. This framework is based on the principle of psychological equality: that we should try to understand others as human beings like ourselves, with needs and wants that are understandable within that person’s context. This leads on to the principle of ‘directionality’: that human beings are always actively striving to fulfil certain needs and wants. This is an understanding of human beings in terms of motivation and purpose. Drawing on such contemporary psychological models as Bill Powers’s ‘control theory’, the chapter then shows how these needs and wants can be conceptualised as existing in a hierarchy, from the things that we are most fundamentally striving for down to the more context-dependent means through which we might try to get there. This leads on to a critical discussion of the most fundamental needs and wants that all human beings may be considered to have (physiological needs, safety, pleasure, growth, relatedness, autonomy, self-worth, and meaning/values).
Conflict and cooperation, inside and out
Authors: Cooper Mick
Published: September 2023

The aim of this chapter is to show the alignment between a psychological understanding of the intrapersonal world (as described in Chapters 3 and 4), and a progressive understanding of the interpersonal, socioeconomic world. The chapter shows how the core concepts introduced in Chapters 3 and 4 – directionality, wellbeing as the realisation of directions, conflict as problematic relating, and cooperation as healthy relating – can all be mapped from the intrapersonal to the interpersonal ‘level of organisation’. The chapter draws into this account some well-established interpersonal theories – Basic Human Needs theory, preference utilitarianism, and game theory – to develop and evidence these parallels. This account provides compelling support for a progressive perspective because it shows that progressive values and modes of relating (such as the development of cooperation and synergy in relationships) are universal, system-wide means towards improvement. It also provides a framework in which learning can be shared across different levels of organisation. Drawing game theory into this discussion helps in the development of a more formal analysis of the structures and processes associated with positive change.
The further future: envisioning a progressive utopia
Authors: Cooper Mick
Published: September 2023

The aim of this chapter is to explore the nature of a psychology-informed progressive utopia. That is, the kind of far future society which would allow for the full development of each individual, community, and the planet. The chapter begins by setting out why utopian thinking may be important for progressives, and then defines utopias in terms of the realisation of highest-order needs and wants. On this basis, the chapter uses the eight fundamental directions set out in Chapter 3 (physiological needs, safety, pleasure, growth, relatedness, autonomy, self-worth, and meaning/values) – as well as the principles and practices set out in previous chapters – as the basis for considering what an ideal society might look like. Key, here, is the creation of synergy: finding ways in which multiple highest-order needs and wants – within people and between people – can be realised together. This leads to an emphasis on creativity and the proliferation of diversity. The aim here is not to pin down – definitively – what a progressive utopia should look like. Rather, it is to stimulate reflection and consideration on this question. Ultimately, the chapter aims to help progressives create a vision for the future that is coherent, meaningful, and compelling for others as well as ourselves.
What is to be done?
Authors: Cunneen Chris
Published: September 2023

Before we directly address the question, it is important to restate some of the basic propositions from the Defund the Police movement, and abolitionism more generally. The first is that it is about presence, not absence. It is focused on building the type of society that does not require heavily armed police and mass imprisonment. For Ruth Wilson Gilmore, for example, it is both a long-term goal and a practical policy program that requires investment in social goods that enable a productive life. ‘It’s obvious that the system won’t disappear overnight … no abolitionist thinks that will be the case’. Reforms are needed, but they need to be reforms that actually change the order. As Patrisse Cullors acknowledges, ‘we need to have a movement around divestment – to divest from police and prisons and surveillance and to use that money to reinvest in the communities that are most directly impacted by poverty and the violence of poverty’. The second proposition which is foundational to answering the question of what is to be done is developing a movement built around alliances. The Defund the Police movement has brought together a range of groups across differing perspectives and with various agendas. While there may be a common view on the need to take resources away from police and to expand and develop community responses to social needs, there is less uniformity on the question of abolitionism – that is whether the police and prisons should be abolished.
The public’s philanthropic response to disaster: plus ça change ?
Authors: Leat Diana
Published: September 2023

Philanthropic responses to disasters are neither new nor uniform. This chapter tells the stories of some 19th- and early 20th-century philanthropic responses to disasters, covering a range of types of disaster and including some disasters that attracted no/little philanthropic response. The chapter highlights the long history of philanthropic response to disaster, its changing forms and methods, changing contexts and inter-sectoral relationships, changing distribution principles and practices. While we tend to think of international giving on a massive scale and celebrity involvement in mobilising donations as recent phenomena, this chapter suggests that some ‘modern’ developments and challenges are surprisingly old.
The private sector and disasters: from reactive response to disaster resilience
Authors: Moran Michael , Dwyer Graham , Seibert Krystian
Published: September 2023

The role of the private sector in philanthropic roles in disaster is less developed than that of foundations and has tended to be very firm-centric in perspective. This chapter first explores private sector roles at a theoretical level, then places a critical lens on the literature on corporate philanthropy and applies these to the 2019–20 Australian bushfires. The firm-centric or instrumental approach focuses on enhancing brand recognition and capitalising on business opportunities by selling goods and services or serving objectives of business continuity management. A community-centric lens focuses on deeper engagement with stakeholders and aligning disaster responses with broader strategies of corporate responsibility. This wider view increases the likelihood that firms will invest in mitigation preparation and resilience for communities at risk from climate change and other natural hazards. The chapter encourages a wider view of the ‘private sector’ over the current tendency to focus on large public companies. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), particularly family businesses, are often the more deeply embedded in local communities and the first to step up.
Policy analytical styles and public institutions in Korea
Authors: Ji Suho , Hong Sounman
Published: September 2023

This chapter describes the policy analytical styles of the performance management system of public institutions. In Korea, the Ministry of Economy and Finance evaluates and analyses the annual performance of public institutions, which are large state-owned enterprises and quasi-governmental organisations. The chapter explains that the performance management system may be viewed as the so-called ‘rational modern style’, which attempts to quantitatively estimate the performance of public policies. However, the system also has some qualitative evaluation components that complement the quantitative estimation. We also explain that the top-down style of the performance evaluation is an important institutional feature that is observed in many parts of Korean public administration. The conclusion of the chapter is that there is no ‘one-size-fits-all’ style that can always produce positive outcomes. The effectiveness of a particular policy analytical style may depend on larger contextual elements, including cultural, institutional and political aspects or their various combinations.
Public concerns and public inquiry in Korea
Authors: Ryu Sangyub
Published: September 2023

Public inquiries or commissions have been actively conducted in Western countries, but this was conducted for the first time in 2000 in Korea, and research on Korean public inquiries has been little studied. As one of the publications on this topic, the chapter reviews concepts and the origin of public inquiries followed by the introduction of public inquiry committees in the Korean government: advisory, administrative, and independent regulatory committees. To-date, eight incidents have been investigated by public inquiry committees, all of which are analysed in this chapter. The chapter examines the uniqueness and distinctiveness of each inquiry commission as well as future direction of Korean public inquiries.
National Assembly committees and support organisations
Authors: Lee Yongmo , Seo Inseok
Published: September 2023

This chapter studies the committee system of the National Assembly focusing on the activities and contents of the standing committee. First, the composition and current status of the standing committees and subcommittees, as well as their powers and functions, are reviewed. The chapter evaluates the contents of the standing committee’s bill review, budget review and petition review, and discusses the functions and roles of the standing committee-centred Korean committee system. Next, the chapter examines legislative support bodies including the National Assembly Secretariat (NAS), the National Assembly Research Service (NARS), the National Assembly Budget Office (NABO) and the National Assembly Library (NAL). Lastly, the chapter reviews the National Assembly Legislative Investigation Office and the National Assembly Budget Policy Office, which perform the legislative investigation and budget audit functions.
Media policy and the public interest in Korea
Authors: Park Namkee
Published: September 2023

This chapter examines key issues related to media policy and its implementation in South Korea. The topics covered include the governance structure of regulations on media, competition policy and the must-carry rule, and the changing media environment in relation to the umbrella goal of enhancing the public interest. The discussion looks at electronic media including TV broadcasting, cable, satellite, the Internet, and the emerging digital and mobile media. The analysis finds that media policies and regulations in South Korea have not always been implemented in a desirable fashion. To adapt to the ever-changing media landscape, South Korea needs more elaborate planning, execution and evaluation of media policy, as well as greater coordination and cooperation between media stakeholders and policymakers.
Business associations and policy analysis
Authors: Lee Sam Youl , Noh Mean Sun
Published: September 2023

This chapter explains the growth and influence of business associations on policy analysis in Korea through institutional analysis of business associations and an examination of specific policy examples. The analysis focuses on three kinds of business associations. The first is business associations from conglomerates, or chaebols, which includes the Federation of Korean Industries (FKI) and Korea Employer’s Federation (KEF). The second is business associations that represent small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The biggest of these is the Korea Federation of SMEs (KBIZ), which has been empowered by policies to support SMES in order to remedy Korea’s excessive dependence on chaebols. The third is business associations from specific industries, which represent specific interests of each industry. This chapter shows the changing nature and role of business associations in the policymaking process over decades.
Changes in social enterprise policy in Korea
Authors: Park Chisung
Published: September 2023

This chapter introduces the social enterprise policy in Korea. The policy design of the social enterprise in Korea can be characterised by the top-down policy aiming at taking advantage of social enterprise as a tool to achieve its hidden goal, that is, relieving jobless growth problem. The intention of the government was reflected in designing the approval system. The chapter begins with a brief history of social enterprise policy in Korea, then the discussion follows to answer the question, ‘for what is the social enterprise used?’ Under the New Public Management (NPM) paradigm, the policy analysis was contained to the short-term output performance, which made social enterprise not as a vehicle to achieve long-term sustainability but as a tool to achieve short-term performance.
Think tanks and policy analysis in Korea
Authors: Liu Cheol , Cho Byung-duk
Published: September 2023

Most major think tanks in Korea are government-funded research institutes. They play a dominant role in making and analysing government policies, compared to other types of think tanks. The Korean government established two research councils to support, foster, guide and systematically manage these research institutes and stipulated two comprehensive acts to regulate them efficiently. Policy analysis activities conducted by government-funded research institutes can be classified according to whether analysis and research are ex-ante or ex-post. It is necessary to place higher weights on ex-ante analysis. It is desirable to guarantee complete autonomy and financial independence of government-funded research institutes. Also, there is a need to reinforce the role of the research councils in promoting collaborative research projects across multiple government-funded research institutes.
The role of Korean academics in policy analysis
Authors: Kim Min-gil , Cho Rosa Minhyo
Published: September 2023

This chapter analyses the practical utility of the academic field of public administration by exploring the relevance of published research and policy directions set forth by past administrations. The goal is to examine whether the demands of each administration matched with the supply of research being performed during those years from President Kim Dae-jung (1998–2003) to President Park Geun-hye (2013–17). To understand the overarching direction and policy goals of each presidency, the president’s inaugural address, New Year speeches and the government agenda put forward at the time of inauguration were analysed. Results indicate that available research in Korean public administration and policy doctrines has been and most likely will continue to be well aligned with the strategies and policy goals of the incumbent president.
Policy analysis education in Korea
Authors: Jung Yui-ryong , Chung Yiyoon
Published: September 2023

This chapter provides an overview of the status of policy analysis education in Korea in light of both the development of policy studies and the national need that has driven the development of the discipline of public administration and public policy. The traditionally management-focused education for public administration and public policy in Korean universities resulted in their policy education curricula to focus on policy formation rather than empirical policy analysis. The curricular is also connected to the national function of field education that helps prepare students to pass the national exam to become a civic service employee. Accordingly, relatively few economic and statistical courses have aimed to train students to conduct empirical policy analysis. In the future, strengthened education for empirical public policy analysis, as well as courses on public values and ethical considerations in policy analysis, will be helpful to enhance the students’ ability to analyze policy.
The emptiness of English public policy
Authors: Riddell Richard
Published: September 2023

The chapter introduces the key themes of the book. The outline is made of the twin pushes of academisation and a national policy that has lost sight of the wider world and the communities it is supposed to serve. The structure of the book is set out.
Middle tier functioning, standards, places and school ecosystems
Authors: Riddell Richard
Published: September 2023

This chapter describes the current functioning of the middle tier in England. It details how school improvement activity is planned and carried out. It outlines the chaotic way that new schools have to be commissioned. Lastly, it describes the changing role of RSCs and how these can be varied by central diktat, open to political lobbying.