bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unique thermal sensitivity imposes a cold-water energetic barrier for vertical migrators
Authors: Seibel Brad A. , Birk Matthew A.
Published: October 2022

Alterations of marine species’ ranges with climate change are often attributed to oxygen limitation in warming oceans. Here we report unique metabolic temperature sensitivities for the myriad of vertically migrating oceanic species that daily cross depth-related gradients in temperature and oxygen. In these taxa, selection favours high metabolic activity for predator–prey interactions in warm shallow water and hypoxia tolerance in the cold at depth. These diverging selective pressures result in thermal insensitivity of oxygen supply capacity and enhanced thermal sensitivity of active metabolic rate. Aerobic scope is diminished in the cold, well beyond thermodynamic influences and regardless of ambient oxygen levels, explaining the native distributions of tropical migrators and their recent range expansions following warming events. Cold waters currently constitute an energetic barrier to latitudinal range expansion in vertical migrators. As warming due to climate change approaches, and eventually surpasses, temperatures seen during past warming events, this energetic barrier will be relieved.
Systematic discovery of recombinases for efficient integration of large DNA sequences into the human genome
Authors: Durrant Matthew G. , Fanton Alison , Tycko Josh , Hinks Michaela , Chandrasekaran Sita S. , Perry Nicholas T. , Schaepe Julia , Du Peter P. , Lotfy Peter , Bassik Michael C. , Bintu Lacramioara , Bhatt Ami S. , Hsu Patrick D.
Published: October 2022

Large serine recombinases (LSRs) are DNA integrases that facilitate the site-specific integration of mobile genetic elements into bacterial genomes. Only a few LSRs, such as Bxb1 and PhiC31, have been characterized to date, with limited efficiency as tools for DNA integration in human cells. In this study, we developed a computational approach to identify thousands of LSRs and their DNA attachment sites, expanding known LSR diversity by >100-fold and enabling the prediction of their insertion site specificities. We tested their recombination activity in human cells, classifying them as landing pad, genome-targeting or multi-targeting LSRs. Overall, we achieved up to seven-fold higher recombination than Bxb1 and genome integration efficiencies of 40–75% with cargo sizes over 7 kb. We also demonstrate virus-free, direct integration of plasmid or amplicon libraries for improved functional genomics applications. This systematic discovery of recombinases directly from microbial sequencing data provides a resource of over 60 LSRs experimentally characterized in human cells for large-payload genome insertion without exposed DNA double-stranded breaks.
Effects of elevated systolic blood pressure on ischemic heart disease: a Burden of Proof study
Authors: Razo Christian , Welgan Catherine A. , Johnson Catherine O. , McLaughlin Susan A. , Iannucci Vincent , Rodgers Anthony , Wang Nelson , LeGrand Kate E. , Sorensen Reed J. D. , He Jiawei , Zheng Peng , Aravkin Aleksandr Y. , Hay Simon I. , Murray Christopher J. L. , Roth Gregory A.
Published: October 2022

High systolic blood pressure (SBP) is a major risk factor for ischemic heart disease (IHD), the leading cause of death worldwide. Using data from published observational studies and controlled trials, we estimated the mean SBP–IHD dose–response function and burden of proof risk function (BPRF), and we calculated a risk outcome score (ROS) and corresponding star rating (one to five). We found a very strong, significant harmful effect of SBP on IHD, with a mean risk—relative to that at 100 mm Hg SBP—of 1.39 (95% uncertainty interval including between-study heterogeneity 1.34–1.44) at 120 mm Hg, 1.81 (1.70–1.93) at 130 mm Hg and 4.48 (3.81–5.26) at 165 mm Hg. The conservative BPRF measure indicated that SBP exposure between 107.5 and 165.0 mm Hg raised risk by 101.36% on average, yielding a ROS of 0.70 and star rating of five. Our analysis shows that IHD risk was already increasing at 120 mm Hg SBP, rising steadily up to 165 mm Hg and increasing less steeply above that point. Our study endorses the need to prioritize and strengthen strategies for screening, to raise awareness of the need for timely diagnosis and treatment of hypertension and to increase the resources allocated for understanding primordial prevention of elevated blood pressure.
Influence of the microbiome, diet and genetics on inter-individual variation in the human plasma metabolome
Authors: Chen Lianmin , Zhernakova Daria V. , Kurilshikov Alexander , Andreu-Sánchez Sergio , Wang Daoming , Augustijn Hannah E. , Vich Vila Arnau ,   Lifelines Cohort Study, Weersma Rinse K. , Medema Marnix H. , Netea Mihai G. , Kuipers Folkert , Wijmenga Cisca , Zhernakova Alexandra , Fu Jingyuan
Published: October 2022

The levels of the thousands of metabolites in the human plasma metabolome are strongly influenced by an individual’s genetics and the composition of their diet and gut microbiome. Here, by assessing 1,183 plasma metabolites in 1,368 extensively phenotyped individuals from the Lifelines DEEP and Genome of the Netherlands cohorts, we quantified the proportion of inter-individual variation in the plasma metabolome explained by different factors, characterizing 610, 85 and 38 metabolites as dominantly associated with diet, the gut microbiome and genetics, respectively. Moreover, a diet quality score derived from metabolite levels was significantly associated with diet quality, as assessed by a detailed food frequency questionnaire. Through Mendelian randomization and mediation analyses, we revealed putative causal relationships between diet, the gut microbiome and metabolites. For example, Mendelian randomization analyses support a potential causal effect ofEubacterium rectalein decreasing plasma levels of hydrogen sulfite—a toxin that affects cardiovascular function. Lastly, based on analysis of the plasma metabolome of 311 individuals at two time points separated by 4 years, we observed a positive correlation between the stability of metabolite levels and the amount of variance in the levels of that metabolite that could be explained in our analysis. Altogether, characterization of factors that explain inter-individual variation in the plasma metabolome can help design approaches for modulating diet or the gut microbiome to shape a healthy metabolome.
Integrated use of regional weather forecasting and crop modeling for water stress assessment on rice yield
Authors: Rajasivaranjan T. , Anandhi Aavudai , Patel N. R. , Irannezhad Masoud , Srinivas C. V. , Veluswamy Kumar , Surendran U. , Raja P.
Published: October 2022

This study evaluated the effects of water stress on rice yield over Punjab and Haryana across North India by integrating Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) and Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) models. Indian Remote Sensing Satellite datasets were used to define land use/land cover in WRF. The accuracy of simulated rainfall and temperature over Punjab and Haryana was evaluated against Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission and automated weather station data of Indian Space Research Organization, respectively. Data from WRF was used as weather input to DSSAT to simulate rice yield in Punjab and Haryana for 2009 and 2014. After simulated yield has been evaluated against district-level observed yield, the water balance components within the DSSAT model were used to analyze the impact of water stress on rice yield. The correlation (R2) between the crop water stress factor and the rice yield anomaly at the vegetative and reproductive stage was 0.64 and 0.52 for Haryana and 0.73 and 0.68 for Punjab, respectively. Severe water stress during the flowering to maturity stage inflicted devastating effects on yield. The study concludes that the regional climate simulations can be potentially used for early water stress prediction and its impact on rice yield.
Acute and chronic cardiometabolic responses induced by resistance training with blood flow restriction in HIV patients
Authors: Alves Thiago Cândido , Pugliesi Abdalla Pedro , Bohn Lucimere , Da Silva Leonardo Santos Lopes , dos Santos André Pereira , Tasinafo Júnior Márcio Fernando , Rossini Venturini Ana Cláudia , Mota Jorge , Lopes Machado Dalmo Roberto
Published: October 2022

Resistance training with blood flow restriction (RTBFR) allows physically impaired people living with HIV (PWH) to exercise at lower intensities than traditional resistance training (TRT). But the acute and chronic cardiac and metabolic responses of PWH following an RTBFR protocol are unknown. The objective was to compare the safety of acute and chronic effects on hemodynamic and lipid profiles between TRT or RTBFR in PWH. In this randomized control trial, 14 PWH were allocated in RTBFR (GRTBFR; n = 7) or TRT (GTRT; n = 7). Both resistance training protocols had 36 sessions (12 weeks, three times per week). Protocol intensity was 30% (GRTBFR) and 80% (GTRT). Hemodynamic (heart rate, blood pressure) and lipid profile were acutely (rest and post exercise 7th, 22nd, and 35th sessions) and chronically (pre and post-program) recorded. General linear models were applied to determine group * time interaction. In the comparisons between groups, the resistance training program showed acute adaptations: hemodynamic responses were not different (p > 0.05), regardless of the assessment session; and chronicles: changes in lipidic profile favors GRTBFR, which significantly lower level of total cholesterol (p = 0.024), triglycerides (p = 0.002) and LDL (p = 0.030) compared to GTRT. RTBFR and TRT induced a similar hemodynamic adaptation in PWH, with no significant risks of increased cardiovascular stress. Additionally, RTBFR promoted better chronic adequacy of lipid profile than TRT. Therefore, RTBFR presents a safe resistance training alternative for PWH.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02783417; Date of registration: 26/05/2016.
Impact of government policies on the COVID-19 pandemic unraveled by mathematical modelling
Authors: Wilk Agata Małgorzata , Łakomiec Krzysztof , Psiuk-Maksymowicz Krzysztof , Fujarewicz Krzysztof
Published: October 2022

Since the very beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, control policies and restrictions have been the hope for containing the rapid spread of the virus. However, the psychological and economic toll they take on society entails the necessity to develop an optimal control strategy. Assessment of the effectiveness of these interventions aided with mathematical modelling remains a non-trivial issue in terms of numerical conditioning due to the high number of parameters to estimate from a highly noisy dataset and significant correlations between policy timings. We propose a solution to the problem of parameter non-estimability utilizing data from a set of European countries. Treating a subset of parameters as common for all countries and the rest as country-specific, we construct a set of individualized models incorporating 13 different pandemic control measures, and estimate their parameters without prior assumptions. We demonstrate high predictive abilities of these models on an independent validation set and rank the policies by their effectiveness in reducing transmission rates. We show that raising awareness through information campaigns, providing income support, closing schools and workplaces, cancelling public events, and maintaining an open testing policy have the highest potential to mitigate the pandemic.
Clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic analysis of monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS) in patients with IgM monoclonal gammopathy: a case series
Authors: Liu Jing , Liang Dandan , Liang Shaoshan , Xu Feng , Huang Xianghua , Jiang Song , Hou Jinhua
Published: October 2022

Monoclonal gammopathy has emerged as an important cause of renal injury. Since the clinicopathologic features related to monotypic monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance with IgM monoclonal gammopathy (IgM-MGRS) are poorly described and it is uncertain if intervention improves renal survival and mortality, we report a series of such patients, characterizing their clinicopathologic spectrum and outcomes. We retrospectively analyzed 38 patients referred to one medical center between 2009 and 2019 with detectable serum monoclonal IgM by immunofixation, performance of a bone marrow biopsy and kidney biopsy-proven MGRS. Of the 38 patients identified, about half patients were amyloidosis, followed by cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of their kidney pathology: amyloid and non-amyloid. Patients with non-amyloidosis were more likely to have renal dysfunction, hematuria, anemia and hypocomplementemia and κ light chain was predominant in this sub-group. Amyloid patients were more often treated with chemotherapy than the non-amyloid patients (P = 0.002). There were no significant differences between amyloid and non-amyloid patients in mortality (48% vs 29%, P = 0.467) and incidence of ESRD (19% vs 59%, P = 0.103). The incidence of ESRD was lower in patients treated with chemotherapy and/or ASCT, compared to those without chemotherapy (25% vs 57%, P = 0.049), and it was also lower in the hematologic responders than non-responders (10% vs 40%, P = 0.047). Our study confirmed a diverse variety of clinicopathological features and outcomes in patients with IgM-MGRS. Chemotherapy and/or ASCT and deep hematologic responses might improve renal prognosis.
Integrated Omics analysis of pig muscle metabolism under the effects of dietary Chlorella vulgaris and exogenous enzymes
Authors: Coelho Diogo , Ribeiro David , Osório Hugo , de Almeida André Martinho , Prates José António Mestre
Published: October 2022

Monogastric feeding is dependent on costly conventional feedstuffs. Microalgae such as Chlorella vulgaris are a sustainable alternative; however, its recalcitrant cell wall hinders monogastric digestion. Carbohydrate Active Enzyme (CAZyme) supplementation is a possible solution. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of 5% dietary C. vulgaris (CV) and enzymatic supplementation (CV + R—Rovabio® Excel AP; CV + M—four CAZyme mix) on muscle transcriptome and proteome of finishing pigs, in an integrated approach. Control pigs increased the abundance of contractile apparatus (MYH1, MYH2, MYH4) and energy metabolism (CKMT1, NDUFS3) proteins, demonstrating increased nutrient availability. They had increased expression of SCD, characteristic of increased glucose availability, via the activation of SREBP-1c and ChREBP. CV and CV + R pigs upregulated proteolytic and apoptotic genes (BAX, DDA1), whilst increasing the abundance of glucose (UQCRFS1) and fatty acid catabolism (ACADS) proteins. CV + R pigs upregulated ACOT8 and SIRT3 genes as a response to reduced nutrient availability, maintaining energy homeostasis. The cell wall specific CAZyme mix, CV + M, was able to comparatively reduce Omics alterations in the muscle, thereby reducing endogenous nutrient catabolism compared to the CV + R and CV.
Dynamic SARS-CoV-2 emergence algorithm for rationally-designed logical next-generation vaccines
Authors: Maison David P. , Ching Lauren L. , Cleveland Sean B. , Tseng Alanna C. , Nakano Eileen , Shikuma Cecilia M. , Nerurkar Vivek R.
Published: October 2022

SARS-CoV-2 worldwide spread and evolution has resulted in variants containing mutations resulting in immune evasive epitopes that decrease vaccine efficacy. We acquired SARS-CoV-2 positive clinical samples and compared the worldwide emerged spike mutations from Variants of Concern/Interest, and developed an algorithm for monitoring the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in the context of vaccines and monoclonal antibodies. The algorithm partitions logarithmic-transformed prevalence data monthly and Pearson’s correlation determines exponential emergence of amino acid substitutions (AAS) and lineages. The SARS-CoV-2 genome evaluation indicated 49 mutations, with 44 resulting in AAS. Nine of the ten most worldwide prevalent (>70%) spike protein changes have Pearson’s coefficient r > 0.9. The tenth, D614G, has a prevalence >99% and r-value of 0.67. The resulting algorithm is based on the patterns these ten substitutions elucidated. The strong positive correlation of the emerged spike protein changes and algorithmic predictive value can be harnessed in designing vaccines with relevant immunogenic epitopes. Monitoring, next-generation vaccine design, and mAb clinical efficacy must keep up with SARS-CoV-2 evolution, as the virus is predicted to remain endemic.
IVT cell-free biosensors for tetracycline and macrolide detection based on allosteric transcription factors (aTFs)
Authors: Bi Huaixiu , Zhao Chen , Zhang Yongkang , Zhang Xi , Xue Bin , Li Chenyu , Wang Shang , Yang Xiaobo , Li Chao , Qiu Zhigang , Wang Jingfeng , Shen Zhiqiang
Published: October 2022

IVT cell-free biosensors was developed to detect tetracycline and macrolide based on aTF. The real-time dissociation process of aTF with DNA was described via BIAcore. The LODs was greatly improved by NASBA.
Chemical tools to track and perturb the expression of sialic acid and fucose monosaccharides
Authors: Rossing Emiel , Pijnenborg Johan F. A. , Boltje Thomas J.
Published: October 2022

The biosynthesis of glycans is a highly conserved biological process and found in all domains of life. Metabolic glycomimetics enable us to visualize and perturb these processes and the functions of the glycan products.
Covalent organic frameworks constructed step by step using a [(C3 + C2) + C2] strategy toward fluorescence detection of Fe3+
Authors: Zhou Shengxiang , Wang Xuefeng , Cao Xingdi , Ning Jing , Hao Long
Published: October 2022

TSCH-COFs has been constructed step-by-step using a [(C3 + C2) + C2] strategy for the first time, all of which show selective fluorescence detection properties toward Fe3+ ions with the lowest limit of detection (LOD) down to 9.6 × 10−8 M.
Oxidation-induced activation of chalcogen bonding in redox-active bis(selenomethyl)tetrathiafulvalene derivatives
Authors: Beau Maxime , Jeannin Olivier , Fourmigué Marc , Auban-Senzier Pascale , Barrière Frédéric , Jeon Ie-Rang
Published: October 2022

Tetrathiafulvalene, upon its oxidation, activates Se-atoms and consequently drives a strong and directional chalcogen bonding interaction with a bromide anion.
Understanding the geometric and basicity effects of organic polymer modifiers on Ru/TiO2 catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to hydrocarbons
Authors: Zhou Chengshuang , Cargnello Matteo
Published: October 2022

Modifying inorganic catalysts with basic organic moieties effectively enhances their CO2 hydrogenation activity through CO2 activation, but the effect on C–C coupling rates and selectivity is not as straightforward.
Preparation of ZnCo2O4@PANI core/shell nanobelts for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Chen Xiaobo , Cai Jianghao
Published: October 2022

ZnCo2O4@PANI core/shell nanobelts with excellent sufficient material utilization efficiency and good electronic conductivity have been synthesized, and they exhibit excellent performance in supercapacitor applications.
Highly efficient ultralong organic phosphorescence induced by lone pair repulsions and noncovalent interactions
Authors: Yang Mingxue , Wang Pei , Chen Xu-Lin , Lu Can-Zhong
Published: October 2022

Ultralong organic phosphorescence with phosphorescence quantum efficiency of 19.0% and lifetime of 253 ms stems from a physical dimer, owing to the lone pair repulsions and noncovalent interactions.
Synthesis of Ti4+ doped Ca-BiFO3 for the enhanced photodegradation of moxifloxacin
Authors: Jamshaid Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Imran , Fernandez Javier , Shanableh Abdallah , Hussain Tajamal , Rehman Aziz ur
Published: October 2022

In recent years, the continuously increasing demand for wastewater treatment has increased research on perovskite-based materials with narrow band gaps.
Extraction of Au(iii) from hydrochloric acid media using a novel amide-based ionic liquid
Authors: Liu Xiaoxia , Wu Yang , Wang Yangyang , Wei Huiying , Guo Jinxin , Yang Yanzhao
Published: October 2022

A study on the performance of selective extraction of Au(iii) using a novel amide-based IL.
Preparation of MES@Fe3O4@SiO2-PPy magnetic microspheres for the highly efficient removal of Cr(vi)
Authors: Hu Zhaoxing , Wang Liang , Liu Mengxin , Huang Ziqing , Yang Jinyan , Rao Wenhui , Wang Heng , Xie Yijun , Yu Chuanbai
Published: October 2022

A novel magnetic adsorbent, PPy-modified silica-coated magnetic MES organic–inorganic composite (MFSP), with high dispersibility, abundant adsorption sites, and magnetic separation was prepared successfully for the adsorption or reduction of Cr(vi).
In-depth insight into the Yb3+ effect in NaErF4-based host sensitization upconversion: a double-edged sword
Authors: Wang Yang , Zhou Shuai , Sun Fuyao , Hu Po , Zhong Wei , Fu Jiajun
Published: October 2022

Yb3+ ions exert a two-sided influence (so-called “double-edged sword”) on the upconversion (UC) luminescence of Er3+ host.
H-bond-induced luminescence enhancement in a Pt1Ag30nanocluster and its application in methanol detection
Authors: Wang Silan , Li Qinzhen , Yang Sha , Yu Haizhu , Chai Jinsong , Zhu Manzhou
Published: October 2022

Here, a functional ligand is used to construct a novel fluorescent nanocluster Pt1Ag30. Based on the hydrogen bonding interaction, the fluorescence intensity in the solution was modulated and a 35-fold fluorescence enhancement was achieved.
Creating ground truth for nanocrystal morphology: a fully automated pipeline for unbiased transmission electron microscopy analysis
Authors: Williamson Emily M. , Ghrist Aaron M. , Karadaghi Lanja R. , Smock Sara R. , Barim Gözde , Brutchey Richard L.
Published: October 2022

Synthetic image rendering and deep learning create a non-biased ground truth for improved automated morphology classification of nanocrystals imaged by TEM.
Thioether analogues of the pituitary neuropeptide oxytocin via thiol–ene macrocyclisation of unprotected peptides
Authors: Nolan Mark D. , Shine Conor , Scanlan Eoin M. , Petracca Rita
Published: October 2022

A radical mediated approach to macrocyclisation of unprotected peptides via Thiol-Ene Click for synthesis of disulfide analogues is reported.
Enhancing intrinsic thermal conductivities of epoxy resins by introducing biphenyl mesogen-containing liquid crystalline co-curing agents
Authors: Dang Jinjin , Zhang Junliang , Li Mukun , Dang Lin , Gu Junwei
Published: October 2022

Epoxy resins were prepared with an enhanced intrinsic thermal conductivity of 0.42 W (m K)−1 using a biphenyl mesogen-containing co-curing agent.
Mesoporous ordered films via self-assembly: trends and perspectives
Authors: Innocenzi Plinio
Published: October 2022

Mesoporous ordered films, from self-assembly to advanced applications.
O-glycosylation and its role in therapeutic proteins
Authors: Thompson Nicole , Wakarchuk Warren
Published: October 2022

Protein glycosylation is ubiquitous throughout biology. From bacteria to humans, this post translational modification with sophisticated carbohydrate structures plays a profound role in the interaction of proteins with cells and changes the physiochemical properties of the proteins that carry them. When the glycans are linked to Ser or Thr residues, they are known as O-linked glycans, as the glycosidic linkage is through oxygen. O-glycans are perhaps best known as part of the mucin proteins, however many soluble proteins carry these types of glycans, and that their roles in biology are still being discovered. Many of the soluble proteins that carry O-glycans have a role as therapeutic proteins, and in the 21st century, the application of synthetic biology is starting to be applied to improving these proteins through manipulation of the glycans. This review will explore the role of these O-linked glycans in proteins with pharmaceutical significance, as well as recent advancements in recombinant glycoprotein therapeutics.
Relationship between mucosa-associated gut microbiota and human diseases
Authors: Juge Nathalie
Published: October 2022

The mucus layer covering the gastrointestinal (GI) tract plays a critical role in maintaining gut homeostasis. In the colon, the inner mucus layer ensures commensal microbes are kept at a safe distance from the epithelium while mucin glycans in the outer mucus layer provide microbes with nutrients and binding sites. Microbes residing in the mucus form part of the so-called ‘mucosa-associated microbiota’ (MAM), a microbial community which, due to its close proximity to the epithelium, has a profound impact on immune and metabolic health by directly impacting gut barrier function and the immune system. Alterations in GI microbial communities have been linked to human diseases. Although most of this knowledge is based on analysis of the faecal microbiota, a growing number of studies show that the MAM signature differs from faecal or luminal microbiota and has the potential to be used to distinguish between diseased and healthy status in well-studied conditions such as IBD, IBS and CRC. However, our knowledge about spatial microbial alterations in pathogenesis remains severely hampered by issues surrounding access to microbial communities in the human gut. In this review, we provide state-of-the-art information on how to access MAM in humans, the composition of MAM, and how changes in MAM relate to changes in human health and disease. A better understanding of interactions occurring at the mucosal surface is essential to advance our understanding of diseases affecting the GI tract and beyond.
Predicting the Outcomes of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Tinnitus: Applications of Artificial Neural Network and Support Vector Machine
Authors: Rodrigo Hansapani , Beukes Eldré W. , Andersson Gerhard , Manchaiah Vinaya
Published: October 2022

Purpose:

Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) has been found to be effective for tinnitus management, although there is limited understanding about who will benefit the most from ICBT. Traditional statistical models have largely failed to identify the nonlinear associations and hence find strong predictors of success with ICBT. This study aimed at examining the use of an artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM) to identify variables associated with treatment success in ICBT for tinnitus.

Method:

The study involved a secondary analysis of data from 228 individuals who had completed ICBT in previous intervention studies. A 13-point reduction in Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) was defined as a successful outcome. There were 33 predictor variables, including demographic, tinnitus, hearing-related and treatment-related variables, and clinical factors (anxiety, depression, insomnia, hyperacusis, hearing disability, cognitive function, and life satisfaction). Predictive models using ANN and SVM were developed and evaluated for classification accuracy. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis was used to identify the relative predictor variable importance using the best predictive model for a successful treatment outcome.

Results:

The best predictive model was achieved with the ANN with an average area under the receiver operating characteristic value of 0.73 ± 0.03. The SHAP analysis revealed that having a higher education level and a greater baseline tinnitus severity were the most critical factors that influence treatment outcome positively.

Conclusions:

Predictive models such as ANN and SVM help predict ICBT treatment outcomes and identify predictors of outcome. However, further work is needed to examine predictors that were not considered in this study as well as to improve the predictive power of these models.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21266487
Dysphagia in the Presence of Varicella-Zoster Virus and SARS-CoV-2: A Case Report on the Role of Speech-Language Pathology
Authors: Wright Margaret , Sleffel Justin
Published: October 2022

Purpose:

Dysphagia due to cranial nerve neuritis is a rare complication of varicella-zoster virus reactivation. In this case report, we describe a single patient diagnosed with varicella-zoster virus meningitis with acute onset dysphagia, the instrumental assessments and interventions employed by speech-language pathologists (SLPs), and discuss the role of these clinicians in the management of these patients.

Conclusion:

The results of this case study demonstrate the importance of a multidisciplinary team approach and the vital role of SLPs in the evaluation and treatment of dysphagia of unknown etiology.
Prävention der Mutter-zu-Kind-Übertragung des
Hepatitis-B-Virus: Leitlinie zur antiviralen Prophylaxe während der
Schwangerschaft
Authors: Harlfinger Julia , Nußbaumer-Streit Barbara , Gartlehner Gerald
Published: October 2022

Hintergrund Die meisten Hepatitis-B-Virus-assoziierten Todesfälle
bei Erwachsenen sind die Folge von Infektionen, die diese bereits bei ihrer
Geburt oder in den ersten fünf Lebensjahren erworben haben.

Ziel Die Erweiterung der Leitlinie zur Prävention der
Mutter-zu-Kind-Übertragung des Hepatitis-B-Virus um antivirale
Prophylaxe.

Methode Die Leitlinie wurde von der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO)
gemäß WHO-Standards umgesetzt. Die Zusammenfassung wurde durch
ein Team des WHO Collaborating Centre an der Donau-Universität Krems
(Österreich) auf Deutsch übersetzt.

Ergebnisse Neben der Empfehlung, schwangere Frauen auf das
Hepatitis-B-Virus (HBV) zu testen und Neugeborene so bald wie möglich
nach der Geburt gegen Hepatitis B zu impfen, wurden zwei neue Empfehlungen
formuliert: Schwangere, die positiv auf eine HBV-Infektion getestet werden,
sollen eine Tenofovir-Prophylaxe erhalten. Die WHO empfiehlt in Settings, wo
keine vorgeburtliche HBV-DNA-Bestimmung verfügbar ist, das Testen auf
HBeAg als Alternative. Damit soll die Eignung für eine
Tenofovir-Prophylaxe beurteilt werden.
Editorial
Authors: Simon Steffen , Baumann Freerk
Published: October 2022

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,

was hat denn Bewegungstherapie mit Palliativmedizin oder Hospizarbeit zu tun? Meinen
die das ernst: Sport im Hospiz? Sollen jetzt selbst Schwerkranke in ihren letzten
Lebenstagen noch aufs Fahrradergometer gesetzt werden? Widersprechen sich hier nicht
die Ansätze und die Ziele?
Entwicklung einer KI-gestützten Bewegungstherapie bei
onkologischen Palliativpatienten
Authors: De Lazzari Nico , Wichum Felix , Götte Miriam , David Corinna , Seid Karsten , Tewes Mitra
Published: October 2022

HintergrundDie wechselnde Symptomlast ist eine große Hürde
in der Sporttherapie von onkologischen Palliativpatienten. Die täglich
variierende Symptomstärke erschwert die Einstellung einer optimalen
Trainingsbelastung und stellt neben der Motivation eine große Barriere
für die Teilnahme an bewegungstherapeutischen Interventionen dar. Ein
durch Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) gesteuertes Training könnte
helfen, die Trainingseinheiten individuell anzupassen und die Autonomie von
Palliativpatienten zu erhalten.

Methoden Fünf Patienten mit fortgeschrittener unheilbarer
Krebsdiagnose haben im Rahmen der Routineversorgung eine supervidierte
Bewegungstherapie absolviert. Dabei wurde ein Elektrokardiogramm über
einen Polar H10 Brustgurt aufgezeichnet und daraus kardiale und respiratorische
Vitalparameter extrahiert. Eine Klassifikation in drei Intensitätsstufen
über KI erfolgte anhand von neuronalen Netzen.

Ergebnisse Das KI-gesteuerte Training hat eine sehr hohe
Klassifikationsgüte (F1-Score: 0,95±0,05) durch die Vereinigung
von respiratorischen und kardialen Vitalparametern. Diese Kombination erzielt
genauere Klassifikationsergebnisse als die einzelnen Datensätze
für kardiale Parameter (0,93±0,06) und respiratorische Parameter
(0,72±0,06). Die Berücksichtigung einer Baselinemessung hat eine
positive Wirkung auf die Klassifikationsgenauigkeit.

Diskussion Diese Studie stellt die erste Untersuchung zum Einsatz von KI
zur Klassifizierung von trainingswissenschaftlichen Inhalten bei onkologischen
Palliativpatienten dar. Diese vulnerable Patientengruppe kann von einer
objektiven Erfassung des Belastungsniveaus anhand von Parametern des
kardiovaskulären Systems profitieren. Mit nur fünf Patienten
wird die Aussagekraft dieser explorativen Studie über Kreuzvalidierung
hergestellt. Zukünftig sollen weitere Parameter wie ein subjektives
Empfinden, Alter, Größe und Geschlecht die Klassifikation weiter
verbessern. In einem integrierten System ist eine individuelle
Trainingssteuerung in Echtzeit möglich.
Ein individualisiertes Bewegungsprogramm für
kinderonkologische Patienten in palliativen Situationen mithilfe von
Hausbesuchen
Authors: Beller Ronja , Gauß Gabriele , Reinhardt Dirk , Götte Miriam
Published: October 2022

Kinder und Jugendliche sollten während ihrer gesamten Krebstherapie
einschließlich der palliativ-medizinischen Versorgung Zugang zu
Bewegungsprogrammen haben. Für die Phase am Lebensende gibt es nur sehr
wenige Erfahrungen und Daten. Am Universitätsklinikum Essen wurde ein
Bewegungsprojekt für onkologische Patienten im fortgeschrittenen
Tumorstadium initiiert.

Teilnehmende haben die Diagnose einer fortgeschrittenen Krebserkrankung, sind
mindestens 3 Jahre alt, haben zuvor schon an der Bewegungstherapie der
Akutklinik teilgenommen und dadurch eine Bindung zu ihren Bewegungstherapeuten
aufgebaut und wohnen in der Umgebung des Krankenhauses (<60 Minuten
Autofahrt/Strecke). Die Aufnahme wird mit dem Team der Spezialisierten
Ambulanten Palliativversorgung (SAPV) der Klinik abgestimmt, um den
Gesundheitszustand sowie familiäre Besonderheiten
berücksichtigen zu können. Nach der Entscheidung über
die Durchführ-barkeit und die Einwilligung der Familien bieten die
Bewegungstherapeuten einmal pro Woche eine 30–90-minütige
Bewegungseinheit an. Die Einheiten finden in der Regel bei den Patienten zu
Hau-se statt, aber auch ambulant oder stationär, wenn die Patienten
Termine oder Komplikationen haben. Inhaltlich bestehen die Einheiten aus einer
Kombination von Kraft-, Ausdauer-, Koordinations-, Körperwahrnehmungs-
und Mobilitätstraining, welche ressourcenorientiert,
interessensorientiert und an die jeweilige Tagesform angepasst sind. Eine
freiwillige Datenerfassung zu motorischen und psychologischen Parametern erfolgt
alle vier bis sechs Wochen.

Das Bewegungskonzept für palliative pädiatrische Patienten
berücksichtigt die individuellen Möglichkeiten, Ziele und
Interessen der Betroffenen. Da das Projekt aktuell noch nicht Teil der
Regel-versorgung ist, sollte es evaluiert und ausgebaut werden.
Pädiatrische onkologische Patienten im fortgeschrittenen Stadium sollten
die Möglichkeit haben, an Bewegungsprogrammen teilzunehmen und von der
Bewegungsförderung zu profitieren.
Rechtskolumne: Tötung auf Verlangen vs. straflose Beihilfe
Authors: Weimer Tobias
Published: October 2022

Fragen zur Sterbehilfe beschäftigen den Bundesgerichtshof (BGH) seit vielen Jahren regelmäßig. Nachdem er die Abgrenzung von Tötung auf Verlangen und strafloser Beihilfe seit fast 30 Jahren eher naturalistisch vorgenommen hat (BGH-Urteil v. 14.08.1963, 2 StR 181/63), weicht er nun ab und spricht eine Angeklagte frei. Zuvor hatte das Landgericht sie noch wegen Tötung auf Verlangen verurteilt.
Fallpauschalen: „Wir haben ein Umsetzungsproblem“
Authors: Rößing Sabine
Published: October 2022

Die Diskussion über eine Reform der Krankenhausfinanzierung ist in vollem Gange. Gespannt wartet die Branche auf Vorschläge der Regierungskommission. Der Gesundheitsökonom Prof. Jürgen Wasem plädiert für eine Reform des DRG-Systems, will das Fallpauschalensystem aber nicht abschaffen.
Krankenhausbranche: Der Reiz zur Übernahme ist weg
Authors: Rößing Sabine
Published: October 2022

Die Lust am Kauf öffentlicher Krankenhäuser ist privaten Klinikträgern offenbar vergangen. Das bisherige Erfolgsrezept wird zum Ladenhüter. Stattdessen setzen die Konzerne auf Ambulantisierung und regionale Clusterbildung.
How heuristics in judgement influence the securities investment decision process
Authors: Piotrowski Marcel , Bünnings Christian
Published: October 2022

Heuristics and biases are a widely researched topic in the field of behavioral finance. Yet, most studies only investigate the effects of heuristics and biases under laboratory conditions and consequently do not consider that financial decisions are likely to be made quite differently under laboratory conditions than in real life. Therefore, the purpose of our study is to investigate the effects of heuristics on the securities investment decision-making process in real-life financial advice conversations. To this end, we analyze the buying behavior of 200 individually observed retail customers of a German bank. Specifically, fifteen securities advisors were instructed to actively induce heuristics to measure how these cognitive biases distort customers' decision making with respect to purchase probability, one-time investment amount, and monthly savings plans. Our results indicate that heuristics in judgement affect the likelihood that customers purchase a product at all, but they do not seem to affect the amount of investment or the level of savings plans.
Imaging live cells simplified with super-resolution fluorescence microscopy technique
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: October 2022

Algorithm significantly improves structured illumination microscopy by reducing raw frames and speeding up processing times.
Birth of strange nonchaotic attractors in a piecewise linear oscillator
Authors: Duan Jicheng , Zhou Wei , Li Denghui , Grebogi Celso
Published: October 2022

Nonsmooth systems are widely encountered in engineering fields. They have abundant dynamical phenomena, including some results on the complex dynamics in such systems under quasiperiodically forced excitations. In this work, we consider a quasiperiodically forced piecewise linear oscillator and show that strange nonchaotic attractors (SNAs) do exist in such nonsmooth systems. The generation and evolution mechanisms of SNAs are discussed. The torus-doubling, fractal, bubbling, and intermittency routes to SNAs are identified. The strange properties of SNAs are characterized with the aid of the phase sensitivity function, singular continuous spectrum, rational frequency approximation, and the path of the partial Fourier sum of state variables in a complex plane. The nonchaotic properties of SNAs are verified by the methods of maximum Lyapunov exponent and power spectrum.
Anisotropic magnetoresistance in Mn4−xNixN and the change in the crystalline field
Authors: Komori Taro , Mitarai Haruka , Yasuda Tomohiro , Ghosh Sambit , Vila Laurent , Attané Jean-Philippe , Honda Syuta , Suemasu Takashi
Published: October 2022

We focus on rare-earth-free anti-perovskite Mn4−xNixN epitaxial films, which can be used for ultrafast current-induced domain wall motion (CIDWM) in magnetic strips. The magneto-transport properties of these materials are very important for a deep understanding of CIDWM. In this study, we investigated the magneto-transport properties of Mn4−xNixN epitaxial films grown on SrTiO3(001) and MgO(001) substrates through anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) measurements at temperatures between 2 and 300 K. In samples with a small Ni composition such as x = 0.05−0.1, the AMR ratio of Mn4−xNixN drastically decreased with increasing temperature. We also analyzed the twofold and fourfold symmetries in the AMR curves. Fourfold symmetry is caused by tetragonal crystal fields and is unique to anti-perovskite 3d-metal nitrides such as Mn4N and Fe4N. Only slight fourfold symmetry was observed in Mn4−xNixN. We also performed first-principles calculations with the Vienna ab initio simulation package (VASP) to obtain the projected density of states (PDOS) of d orbitals in Mn4−xNixN, which is responsible for the magnetism of these materials. We conclude that these results are due to the Ni atoms, which function as magnetic impurities and lead to a noticeable change in PDOS, as proved by VASP calculation.
Synthetic seed propagation of the therapeutic-honey plants
Authors: Darby Ian D. , Wiegand Aaron , Hosseini Bai Shahla , Wallace Helen M. , Trueman Stephen J.
Published: October 2022

Context Increasing demand for therapeutic honey has driven establishment of Leptospermum nectar plantations. Methods for propagation involving synthetic seeds (artificially encapsulated miniature cuttings) may speed production of Leptospermum polygalifolium Salisb. and L. scoparium J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. Aims The study aimed to determine how nutrient strength of the encapsulation solution and the presence of benzyladenine (BA) in the emergence medium affect shoot and root emergence from synthetic seeds of L. polygalifolium and L. scoparium. Methods Nodes from in vitro shoots of three L. polygalifolium clones (P1, P6, P11) and two L. scoparium clones (S6, S12) were encapsulated in 3% sodium alginate with half- or full-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, and the synthetic seeds were placed on full-strength MS emergence medium containing 0 or 2.2 μM BA. Key results Full-strength MS in the encapsulation solution was effective for shoot emergence of both species. BA increased the percentage of synthetic seeds with shoot emergence in clone P6 but decreased the percentage in clone S12. BA stimulated shoot emergence through callus in clones P1, P6, S6 and S12, and increased the number of shoots per emergent synthetic seed in clones S6 and S12. Surprisingly, the simple use of full-strength MS medium without hormones was highly effective for adventitious rooting, stimulating root emergence and plantlet formation in 26–57% of L. polygalifolium and 100% of L. scoparium synthetic seeds. Conclusions These two Leptospermum species are highly amenable to propagation via synthetic seeds. A simple formulation of hormone-free, full-strength MS medium in the encapsulation solution and emergence medium provides high frequencies of plantlet conversion. Implications Synthetic seeds have potential to assist in mass production of Leptospermum plants for nectar plantations to meet demand for therapeutic honey.
Is traditional fisheries management correctly addressing the possible causes of fish production decline? The relationship between environmental degradation and artisanal river fisheries in the Magdalena River basin, Colombia
Authors: Hernández-Barrero Sandra , Valderrama Barco Mauricio , Barreto Reyes Carlos Guillermo , Paramo Jorge , Sierra Sierra Luis , Stotz Wolfgang
Published: October 2022

Context Overfishing has been historically considered as the main cause of fish stock depletion in the Magdalena River basin, Colombia, whereas the environmental context in which fisheries take place has not been considered. Aims The purpose of this research was to answer the following question: have anthropic activities, other than fishing, influenced the decrease in fishery production in the Magdalena River basin between 1980 and 2015? Methods We analysed diverse variables that were used as proxies for different environmental degradation processes, including sediment load, forest cover, flow rates, reservoir volume <1200 m above sea level, gold production and human population growth. We compared these variables with fishery production between 1980 and 2015 by using cluster analysis, principal-component analysis (PCA) and principal-component regression (PCR). Key results Our findings confirmed that environmental degradation accounts for 61% of the reduction of fishery production. Conclusions The traditional approach of holding fishers accountable for the decline of fishery production is misleading, and, therefore, a better understanding of the overall system is necessary before implementing restrictions on fishing activities. Implications Hence, fishery management should also integrate economic and social variables that affect ecosystem services within the basin into the analysis and decision processes.
Community-driven shark monitoring for informed decision making: a case study from Fiji
Authors: Ward-Paige C. A. , Sykes H. , Osgood G. J. , Brunnschweiler J.
Published: October 2022

Context Globally, more than 121 million people enjoy nature-based marine tourism, making it one of the largest marine industries. Ocean degradation threatens this industry and management has not kept pace to ensure long-term sustainability. In response, some individuals within the industry are taking it upon themselves to monitor the ocean and provide the data needed to assist management decisions. Fiji is one such place. Aims Between 2012 and 2016, 39 Fijian dive operators, in collaboration with eOceans, conducted the Great Fiji Shark Count to document sharks on their dives. Methods Using 146 304 shark observations from 30 668 dives, we document spatial and temporal patterns of 11 shark species at 592 sites. Key results Sharks were observed on 13 846 dives (45% of recorded dives) at 441 (74%) sites. Generally, our results matched those from other more limited surveys, including from baited remote underwater video systems. We found high variability in shark presence, species richness, and relative abundance through space and time. One trend was surprising: the most common species, Whitetip Reef Shark, decreased over the study period at eastern sites and increased at western sites; the cause is currently unknown. Conclusions Our results can guide management and conservation needs, future scientific questions, and provide a baseline for future assessments. Implications This study demonstrates the value of longitudinal observation data that includes absences for describing marine fauna, and confirms the capacity of stakeholders to document the ocean. It also points the direction for broadscale participatory science methodologies to track the ocean.
Structural basis for host recognition and superinfection exclusion by bacteriophage T5
Authors: van den Berg Bert , Silale Augustinas , Baslé Arnaud , Brandner Astrid F. , Mader Sophie L. , Khalid Syma
Published: October 2022

A key but poorly understood stage of the bacteriophage life cycle is the binding of phage receptor-binding proteins (RBPs) to receptors on the host cell surface, leading to injection of the phage genome and, for lytic phages, host cell lysis. To prevent secondary infection by the same or a closely related phage and nonproductive phage adsorption to lysed cell fragments, superinfection exclusion (SE) proteins can prevent the binding of RBPs via modulation of the host receptor structure in ways that are also unclear. Here, we present the cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the phage T5 outer membrane (OM) receptor FhuA in complex with the T5 RBP pb5, and the crystal structure of FhuA complexed to the OM SE lipoprotein Llp. Pb5 inserts four loops deeply into the extracellular lumen of FhuA and contacts the plug but does not cause any conformational changes in the receptor, supporting the view that DNA translocation does not occur through the lumen of OM channels. The FhuA–Llp structure reveals that Llp is periplasmic and binds to a nonnative conformation of the plug of FhuA, causing the inward folding of two extracellular loops via “reverse” allostery. The inward-folded loops of FhuA overlap with the pb5 binding site, explaining how Llp binding to FhuA abolishes further infection of
Escherichia coli
by phage T5 and suggesting a mechanism for SE via the jamming of TonB-dependent transporters by small phage lipoproteins.