bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reconciling single chamber Mg/Ca with whole test δ18O in surface to deep dwelling planktonic foraminifera from the Mozambique Channel
Authors: Steinhardt J. , Cléroux C. , de Nooijer L. , Brummer G.-J. , Zahn R. , Ganssen G. , Reichart G.-J.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Most planktonic foraminifera migrate vertically through the water column during life, meeting a range of depth-related conditions as they grow and calcify. For reconstructing past ocean conditions from geochemical signals recorded in their shells it is therefore necessary to know vertical habitat preferences. Species with a shallow habitat and limited vertical migration will reflect conditions of the surface mixed layer and short- and meso-scale (i.e. seasonal) perturbations therein. Species spanning a wider range of depth habitats, however, will contain a more heterogeneous, intra-specimen variability (i.g. Mg/Ca and δ18O), which is less for species calcifying below the seasonal mixed layer (SML). Here we present results on single-chamber Mg/Ca combined with single shell δ18O and δ13C of surface water Globigerinoides ruber, the thermocline-dwelling Neogloboquadrina dutertrei and Pulleniatina obliquiloculata and the deep dweller Globorotalia scitula from the Mozambique Channel. Species-specific Mg/Ca, δ13C and δ18O data combined with a depth-resolved mass balance model confirm distinctive migration and calcification patterns for each species as a function of hydrography. Whereas single specimen δ18O not always reveal changes in depth habitat related to hydrography (i.g. temperature), measured Mg/Ca of the last chambers can only be explained by active migration in response to changes in temperature stratification. Since species show different responses to changes in hydrography, their shell chemistry can be used to reconstruct different components of the past ocean climate system such as seasonality and depth stratification. Here we present combined single-specimen δ18O and single-chamber Mg/Ca measurements for different species, providing a composite of thermocline and sub-thermocline conditions. These results allow for species-specific reconstruction of calcification depths, using a mass balance model, of four species of planktonic foraminifera. This shows that the single chamber Mg/Ca and single test δ18O are in agreement with each other and in line with the changes in hydrography induced by eddies. Whereas single chamber Mg/Ca are most affected eddy frequency, seasonality is reflected more clearly in single test δ18O.
Radiative forcing bias of surface albedo modifications linked to simulated forest cover changes at northern latitudes
Authors: Bright R. M. , Myhre G. , Astrup R. , Antón-Fernández C. , Strømman A. H.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Simulated land use/land cover change (LULCC) radiative forcings (RF) from changes in surface albedo (Δα) predicted by land surface schemes of six leading climate models were compared to those based on daily MODIS retrievals for three regions in Norway and for three winter–spring seasons. As expected, the magnitude and sign of the albedo biases varied considerably for forests; unexpectedly, however, biases of equal magnitude were evident in predictions at open area sites. The latter were mostly positive and exacerbated the strength of vegetation masking effects and hence the simulated LULCC Δα RF. RF bias was considerably small across models (-0.08 ± 0.04 W m-2; 21 ± 11%); 4 of 6 models had normalized mean absolute errors less than 20% (3-year regional mean). Identifying systematic sources of the albedo prediction biases proved challenging, although for some schemes clear sources were identified. Our study should provide some reassurance that model improvement efforts of recent years are leading to enhanced LULCC climate predictions.
Technical Note: A simple method for vaterite precipitation in isotopic equilibrium: implications for bulk and clumped isotope analysis
Authors: Kluge T. , John C. M.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) plays an important role in the natural environment as a major constituent of the skeleton and supporting structure of marine life and has high economic importance as additive in food, chemicals and medical products. Pure CaCO3 occurs in the three different polymorphs calcite, aragonite and vaterite, whereof calcite is the most abundant and best characterized mineral. In contrast, little is known about the rare polymorph vaterite, in particular with regard to the oxygen isotope fractionation between H2O and the mineral. Synthetic precipitation of vaterite in the laboratory typically involves rapid processes and isotopic non-equilibrium, which excludes isotope studies focused on characterization of vaterite at equilibrium conditions. Here, we used a new experimental approach that enables vaterite mineral formation from an isotopically equilibrated solution. The solution consists of a ~ 0.007 mol L-1 CaCO3 solution that is saturated with NaCl at room temperature (up to 6.5 mol L-1). Vaterite precipitated as single phase or major phase (≥ 94%) in experiments performed between 23 and 91 °C. Only at 80 °C was vaterite a minor phase with a relative abundance of 27%. The high mineral yield of up to 235 mg relative to a total dissolved CaCO3 amount of 370 mg enables an investigation of the oxygen isotope fractionation between mineral and water, and the determination of clumped isotope values in vaterite.
Investigating uncertainties in global gridded datasets of climate extremes
Authors: Dunn R. J. H. , Donat M. G. , Alexander L. V.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. We assess the effects of different methodological choices made during the construction of gridded data sets of climate extremes, focusing primarily on HadEX2. Using global land-surface time series of the indices and their coverage, as well as uncertainty maps, we show that the choices which have the greatest effect are those relating to the station network used or that drastically change the values for individual grid boxes. The latter are most affected by the number of stations required in or around a grid box and the gridding method used. Most parametric changes have a small impact, on global and on grid box scales, whereas structural changes to the methods or input station networks may have large effects. On grid box scales, trends in temperature indices are very robust to most choices, especially in areas which have high station density (e.g. North America, Europe and Asia). The precipitation indices, being less spatially correlated, can be more susceptible to methodological choices, but coherent changes are still clear in regions of high station density. Regional trends from all indices derived from areas with few stations should be treated with care. On a global scale, the linear trends over 1951–2010 from almost all choices fall within the 5–95th percentile range of trends from HadEX2. This demonstrates the robust nature of HadEX2 and related data sets to choices in the creation method.
A Lagrangian advection scheme with shape matrix (LASM) for solving advection problems
Authors: Dong L. , Wang B. , Liu L.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. A new Lagrangian advection scheme with shape matrix (LASM) is proposed to take advantage of the extreme low numerical diffusion of the Lagrangian methods. The tracer is discretized into finite parcels, which move along the downstream trajectories. Different from other Lagrangian schemes, the parcel shape is simulated explicitly by a linear transformation matrix. By doing so, the aliasing error in the Lagrangian schemes is largely reduced without introducing substantial interparcel mixing in the pure advection stage, because the flow information will be respected when remapping tracer density onto the fixed model grids. An adaptive interparcel mixing algorithm is constructed to ensure the validity of the linear approximation of the parcel shape, where the mixing is only triggered when it is necessary and resembles the physical mixing. The total tracer mass on the parcels is conserved exactly. The new scheme is validated by using several test cases.
Residence times and mixing of water in river banks: implications for recharge and groundwater–surface water exchange
Authors: Unland N. P. , Cartwright I. , Cendón D. I. , Chisari R.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Bank exchange processes within 50 m of the Tambo River, southeast Australia, have been investigated through the combined use of 3H and 14C. Groundwater residence times increase towards the Tambo River, which suggests the absence of significant bank storage. Major ion concentrations and δ2H and δ18O values of bank water also indicate that bank infiltration does not significantly impact groundwater chemistry under baseflow and post-flood conditions, suggesting that the gaining nature of the river may be driving the return of bank storage water back into the Tambo River within days of peak flood conditions. The covariance between 3H and 14C indicates the leakage and mixing between old (~17 200 years) groundwater from a semi-confined aquifer and younger groundwater (<100 years) near the river, where confining layers are less prevalent. It is likely that the upward infiltration of deeper groundwater from the semi-confined aquifer during flooding limits bank infiltration. Furthermore, the more saline deeper groundwater likely controls the geochemistry of water in the river bank, minimising the chemical impact that bank infiltration has in this setting. These processes, coupled with the strongly gaining nature of the Tambo River are likely to be the factors reducing the chemical impact of bank storage in this setting. This study illustrates the complex nature of river groundwater interactions and the potential downfall in assuming simple or idealised conditions when conducting hydrogeological studies.
Flow pathways and nutrient transport mechanisms drive hydrochemical sensitivity to climate change across catchments with different geology and topography
Authors: Crossman J. , Futter M. N. , Whitehead P. G. , Stainsby E. , Baulch H. M. , Jin L. , Oni S. K. , Wilby R. L. , Dillon P. J.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Hydrological processes determine the transport of nutrients and passage of diffuse pollution. Consequently, catchments are likely to exhibit individual hydrochemical responses (sensitivities) to climate change, which are expected to alter the timing and amount of runoff, and to impact in-stream water quality. In developing robust catchment management strategies and quantifying plausible future hydrochemical conditions it is therefore equally important to consider the potential for spatial variability in, and causal factors of, catchment sensitivity, as it is to explore future changes in climatic pressures. This study seeks to identify those factors which influence hydrochemical sensitivity to climate change. A perturbed physics ensemble (PPE), derived from a series of global climate model (GCM) variants with specific climate sensitivities was used to project future climate change and uncertainty. Using the INtegrated CAtchment model of Phosphorus dynamics (INCA-P), we quantified potential hydrochemical responses in four neighbouring catchments (with similar land use but varying topographic and geological characteristics) in southern Ontario, Canada. Responses were assessed by comparing a 30 year baseline (1968–1997) to two future periods: 2020–2049 and 2060–2089. Although projected climate change and uncertainties were similar across these catchments, hydrochemical responses (sensitivities) were highly varied. Sensitivity was governed by quaternary geology (influencing flow pathways) and nutrient transport mechanisms. Clay-rich catchments were most sensitive, with total phosphorus (TP) being rapidly transported to rivers via overland flow. In these catchments large annual reductions in TP loads were projected. Sensitivity in the other two catchments, dominated by sandy loams, was lower due to a larger proportion of soil matrix flow, longer soil water residence times and seasonal variability in soil-P saturation. Here smaller changes in TP loads, predominantly increases, were projected. These results suggest that the clay content of soils could be a good indicator of the sensitivity of catchments to climatic input, and reinforces calls for catchment-specific management plans.
Analyzing runoff processes through conceptual hydrological modeling in the Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Dessie M. , Verhoest N. E. C. , Pauwels V. R. N. , Admasu T. , Poesen J. , Adgo E. , Deckers J. , Nyssen J.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Understanding runoff processes in a basin is of paramount importance for the effective planning and management of water resources, in particular in data-scarce regions such as the Upper Blue Nile. Hydrological models representing the underlying hydrological processes can predict river discharges from ungauged catchments and allow for an understanding of the rainfall–runoff processes in those catchments. In this paper, such a conceptual process-based hydrological model is developed and applied to the upper Gumara and Gilgel Abay catchments (both located within the Upper Blue Nile Basin, the Lake Tana sub-basin) to study the runoff mechanisms and rainfall–runoff processes in the basin. Topography is considered as a proxy for the variability of most of the catchment characteristics. We divided the catchments into different runoff production areas using topographic criteria. Impermeable surfaces (rock outcrops and hard soil pans, common in the Upper Blue Nile Basin) were considered separately in the conceptual model. Based on model results, it can be inferred that about 65% of the runoff appears in the form of interflow in the Gumara study catchment, and baseflow constitutes the larger proportion of runoff (44–48%) in the Gilgel Abay catchment. Direct runoff represents a smaller fraction of the runoff in both catchments (18–19% for the Gumara, and 20% for the Gilgel Abay) and most of this direct runoff is generated through infiltration excess runoff mechanism from the impermeable rocks or hard soil pans. The study reveals that the hillslopes are recharge areas (sources of interflow and deep percolation) and direct runoff as saturated excess flow prevails from the flat slope areas. Overall, the model study suggests that identifying the catchments into different runoff production areas based on topography and including the impermeable rocky areas separately in the modeling process mimics the rainfall–runoff process in the Upper Blue Nile Basin well and yields a useful result for operational management of water resources in this data-scarce region.
Effects of vegetation change on evapotranspiration in a semiarid shrubland of the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Gong T. T. , Lei H. M. , Yang D. W. , Jiao Y. , Yang H. B.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Vegetation change is a primary factor that affect evapotranspiration (ET), which is an important process in the hydrological cycle. In this study, an attempt is made to analyze the effects of vegetation change on ET using continuous observation data from eddy-covariance (EC) measurements over three periods (1 July 2011 to 30 June 2014) of a study site in a sparse shrubland study site located in the Loess Plateau of China, which is a fragile ecosystem experiencing serious soil desiccation. In our study, vegetation change includes phenological change and land use change. Phenological process of vegetation is validated to have a remarkable positive effect on ET in a rate of 1.83 ± 0.01 along with vegetation greening. Land use change at our study site was due to the native vegetation being cut-off by human activities, converting sparse shrubland to bare soil. With land use condition changing during the three years, annual total ET was observed to increase 103 mm, suggesting that soil evaporation consumes more water than canopy transpiration. In summary, the effects of vegetation change on ET suggest that both vegetation greening and increased area of exposed soil would aggravate the soil desiccation at our site in the north Loess Plateau.
A function for characterizing complete kinetostatic behaviors of compliant bistable mechanisms
Authors: Li G. , Chen G.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. In this paper, a straightforward and accurate numerical modeling (a rational function called "tri-root bistable function") are proposed to represent the complete nonlinear bistable force-displacement characteristics. The rational function has a cubic polynomial numerator and quadratic polynomial denominator. With three different kinds of compliant bistable mechanisms, the tri-root bistable function is proved effective and accurate, and that it is capable of capturing the key features of a bistable kinetostatic curve accurately with fewer parameters. Then, for the classic fully-compliant bistable mechanism, six closed-form equations are presented and used to describe the relationships between the tri-root bistable function parameters and the mechanism's design parameters, which are achieved using a multi-variable nonlinear regression. The regression analysis is validated by nonlinear finite element analysis. Finally, a fully-compliant statically balanced mechanism consisting of three different classic fully-compliant bistable mechanisms is illustrated to show the capability of the proposed method in designing compliant multi-stable mechanisms.
Long-term variability of storm surge frequency in the Venice Lagoon: an update thanks to eighteenth century sea level observations
Authors: Raicich F.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Sea level observations made in the Venice Lagoon between 1751 and 1792 have been recovered, consisting of two time series of daily data on high and low waters at Venice and Chioggia. From comparisons with modern observations the quality of the 18th century data appears to be good enough to allow a useful analysis. A composite time series of daily mean sea level is obtained by merging the 18th century data and 1872–2004 observations at Venice Punta della Salute. The absence of reliable information on vertical references prevents the connection of the two 18th century time series with each other and with modern observations. However, daily sea level anomalies relative to the mean sea level enable to recognize storm surge events, that appear to occur more frequently in the second half of the 18th century than in the late 19th and 20th centuries, particularly during the 1751–1769 period. The record-breaking storm surge of 4 November 1966 turns out to be a remarkable event also in comparison with the events extracted from the 18th century time series. Further work is required to fill the gap between the old and modern observations.
Ground-penetrating radar observations for estimating the vertical displacement of rotational landslides
Authors: Lissak C. , Maquaire O. , Malet J.-P. , Lavigne F. , Virmoux C. , Gomez C. , Davidson R.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the applicability of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) for monitoring the displacement of slow-moving landslides. GPR data is used to estimate the vertical movement of rotational slides in combination with other surveying techniques. The experimental site is located along the Normandy coast (North East France) here several rotational landslides are continuously affected by a seasonal kinematic pattern (low displacement rates of 0.01 to 0.10 m yr−1) and periodically by major acceleration events (high displacement of 1.0 to 7.0 m per event).
Earthquakes and depleted gas reservoirs: which comes first?
Authors: Mucciarelli M. , Donda F. , Valensise G.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. While scientists are paying increasing attention to the seismicity potentially induced by hydrocarbon exploitation, little is known about the reverse problem, i.e. the impact of active faulting and earthquakes on hydrocarbon reservoirs. The recent 2012 earthquakes in Emilia, Italy, raised concerns among the public for being possibly human-induced, but also shed light on the possible use of gas wells as a marker of the seismogenic potential of an active fold-and-thrust belt. Based on the analysis of over 400 borehole datasets from wells drilled along the Ferrara-Romagna Arc, a large oil and gas reserve in the southeastern Po Plain, we found that the 2012 earthquakes occurred within a cluster of sterile wells surrounded by productive ones. Since the geology of the productive and sterile areas is quite similar, we suggest that past earthquakes caused the loss of all natural gas from the potential reservoirs lying above their causative faults. Our findings have two important practical implications: (1) they may allow major seismogenic zones to be identified in areas of sparse seismicity, and (2) suggest that gas should be stored in exploited reservoirs rather than in sterile hydrocarbon traps or aquifers as this is likely to reduce the hazard of triggering significant earthquakes.
Forecasting the mixed-layer depth in the Northeast Atlantic: an ensemble approach, with uncertainties based on data from operational ocean forecasting systems
Authors: Drillet Y. , Lellouche J. M. , Levier B. , Drévillon M. , Le Galloudec O. , Reffray G. , Regnier C. , Greiner E. , Clavier M.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Operational systems operated by Mercator Ocean provide daily ocean forecasts, and combining these forecasts we can produce ensemble forecast and uncertainty estimates. This study focuses on the mixed-layer depth in the Northeast Atlantic near the Porcupine Abyssal Plain for May 2013. This period is of interest for several reasons: (1) four Mercator Ocean operational systems provide daily forecasts at a horizontal resolution of 1/4, 1/12 and 1/36° with different physics; (2) glider deployment under the OSMOSIS project provides observation of the changes in mixed-layer depth; (3) the ocean stratifies in May, but mixing events induced by gale force wind are observed and forecast by the systems. Statistical scores and forecast error quantification for each system and for the combined products are presented. Skill scores indicate that forecasts are consistently better than persistence, and temporal correlations between forecast and observations are greater than 0.8 even for the 4-day forecast. The impact of atmospheric forecast error, and for the wind field in particular (miss or time delay of a wind burst forecast), is also quantified in terms of occurrence and intensity of mixing or stratification events.
Estimating the volume of glaciers in the Himalayan–Karakoram region using different methods
Authors: Frey H. , Machguth H. , Huss M. , Huggel C. , Bajracharya S. , Bolch T. , Kulkarni A. , Linsbauer A. , Salzmann N. , Stoffel M.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Ice volume estimates are crucial for assessing water reserves stored in glaciers. Due to its large glacier coverage, such estimates are of particular interest for the Himalayan–Karakoram (HK) region. In this study, different existing methodologies are used to estimate the ice reserves: three area–volume relations, one slope-dependent volume estimation method, and two ice-thickness distribution models are applied to a recent, detailed, and complete glacier inventory of the HK region, spanning over the period 2000–2010 and revealing an ice coverage of 40 775 km2. An uncertainty and sensitivity assessment is performed to investigate the influence of the observed glacier area and important model parameters on the resulting total ice volume. Results of the two ice-thickness distribution models are validated with local ice-thickness measurements at six glaciers. The resulting ice volumes for the entire HK region range from 2955 to 4737 km3, depending on the approach. This range is lower than most previous estimates. Results from the ice thickness distribution models and the slope-dependent thickness estimations agree well with measured local ice thicknesses. However, total volume estimates from area-related relations are larger than those from other approaches. The study provides evidence on the significant effect of the selected method on results and underlines the importance of a careful and critical evaluation.
Religião em movimento: relações entre religião e modernidade
Authors: Campos Roberta Bivar Carneiro , Gusmão Eduardo Henrique
Published: December 2014

Este artigo pretende refletir, de forma não exaustiva, acerca da relação entre religião e modernidade. Parte-se da leitura dos clássicos da sociologia da religião, cotejando-os com as discussões dos autores de maior destaque na temática nas ciências humanas e sociais atuais. Em seguida, ilustra-se, a partir de um caso empírico, uma das possíveis experiências do religioso e o seu significado no mundo contemporâneo. Nas considerações finais, salientam-se alguns pontos das reflexões destacadas na segunda parte do artigo sobre o lugar do religioso no mundo contemporâneo e sua relação com a individualização e a desregulação da crença.
Florestas e lutas por reconhecimento: território, identidades e direitos na Mata Atlântica brasileira
Authors: Castelo Branco Silveira Pedro
Published: December 2014

O artigo trata de como a constituição pública, no Brasil, de categorias legais – e socialmente reconhecidas – beneficiárias de direitos especiais, tais como populações tradicionais e comunidades quilombolas, produziu o acesso de múltiplas noções identitárias entre moradores de uma área florestal da Mata Atlântica do Estado de São Paulo. Esta reelaboração identitária consiste numa acomodação de suas lutas por reconhecimento às categorias legais. Como conclusão, diagnostica-se que o acesso a categorias especiais de direitos que buscam o reconhecimento das particularidades (direito à diferença) acaba por constituir uma maneira paradoxal de busca por reconhecimento de padrões mínimos de cidadania (direito à igualdade) historicamente negados a tais grupos.
Roque de Barros Laraia - Entre a Antropologia e o Indigenismo: Reflexões sobre uma Trajetória
Authors: De Lima Edilene Coffaci , Pinto Márnio Teixeira
Published: December 2014

Bacharel em História pela UFMG, Roque de Barros Laraia integrou a primeira turma do Curso de Especialização em Antropologia Social do Museu Nacional, em 1960. Desde então, dedicou-se integralmente à Antropologia, em particular à Etnologia Indígena. Aluno de Roberto Cardoso de Oliveira e, mais tarde, de Florestan Fernandes, Roque Laraia procurou em seus estudos analisar tanto a relação entre índios e brancos (como em Índios e Castanheiros, escrito em parceria com Roberto Da Matta) quanto a organização social e a cosmologia ameríndia (como em Tupi: índios do Brasil atual). Professor Aposentado da UnB após quarenta anos de vida acadêmica, Roque Laraia assumiu, durante nove meses do ano passado, a Diretoria de Assuntos Fundiários (DAF) da Fundação Nacional do Índio (FUNAI). Nesta entrevista, realizada em Curitiba após uma breve conversa em Petrópolis, durante a XIV Reunião da Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Sociais (ANPOCS), da qual é atualmente presidente, Roque Laraia falou sobre sua trajetória acadêmica e sua atuação na política indigenista.
El Señor de La Producción: Relaciones Entre Agrónomos y Desempleados Rurales en un Proyecto de Construcción de Cooperativas de Trabajo
Authors: Etchichury Leandro
Published: December 2014

Ingenieros agrónomos y ex trabajadores rurales, mundos de vida distintos que confluyen en un proyecto colectivo, en medio de la crisis socio-económica provocada por la reconversión de los años 1980-1990 en una región viñatera cuyana (área geográfica argentina comprendida por las provincias de San Juan, Mendoza y San Luis). El presente trabajo pretende bucear en esa heterogeneidad con la finalidad de encontrar los distintos significados que construyen los actores sociales respecto al otro, la propia identidad y al sentido del cambio. Así, la voluntad cooperativista se revela como necesaria pero insuficiente para desterrar las relaciones de dominación. Abstract Agricultural engineers and rural workers present distinct world values that conflate in a collective project, during a socio-economic crisis due to the reconversión of the 80s and 90s in the Cuyana viticultural region in the provinces of San Juan, Mendoza and San Luis. This article aims to trace this heterogeneity in order to find the distinct meanings constructed by social actors in relation to the others, their own identity and the meaning of change. The cooperativista desire reveals itself as necessary but also insufficient for the end of relations of domination.
A Idéia de Família em Malinowski
Authors: Woortmann Klaas
Published: December 2014

O artigo examina o sentido da noção de família para Malinowski com base em dois de seus livros: A Vida Sexual dos Selvagens, de caráter etnográfico, e Uma Teoria Científica da Cultura, onde ele busca desenvolver sua perspectiva mais geral da cultura. Os dois textos mantém entre si uma grande distância tanto temporal quanto teórica, mas sua comparação leva a perceber certas constantes em seu pensamento. O estudo da família permitelhe dialogar criticamente com o evolucionismo que ainda se fazia sentir no início do século XX, mas sua ênfase na família nuclear, assim como seu individualismo metodológico o impediram de construir  sistemas de parentesco, o que o levou a sérias críticas nos anos 50 e 60. Contudo, foi esse mesmo  individualismo, não obstante o pragmatismo que ele envolvia, que lhe permitiu colocar em cena os sujeitos concretos obscurecidos pela  álgebra do parentesco que tanto lhe repugnava. Abstract Based on two books by Malinowski  The Sexual Lives of Savages and A Scientific Theory of Culture the author examines the meaning of notion of family for Malinowski. Although those two books are quite distant one from another both in time and in theoretical perspective, their comparison allows one to perceive certain constant ideas. The study of the leads Malinowski towards a critical perspective regarding evolutionism. However, his emphasis on the nuclear family as well as his  methodological individualism prevented him from building kinship systems , a failure that resulted in severe criticism during the 50s and 60s. Still, his individualism or pragmatism allowed him to focus on concrete actors of kinship relations obscured by the algebra of kinship he so disliked.
Identidade Étnica e Recriação das Tradições entre os Migrantes de Origem Palestina no Extremo Sul do Brasil
Authors: Jardim Denise Fagundes
Published: December 2014

Este artigo apresenta reflexões sobre a identidade palestina e os processos sociais de construção de identidade étnica observados no extremo sul do Brasil. O trabalho de campo foi realizado entre 1996 e 2000 envolvendo entrevistas, observação participante e análise de documentos produzidos pelos entrevistados, que vivem no Chuí (Rio Grande do Sul), na fronteira entre Brasil e Uruguai. Os estudos sobre migrações recentes possibilitam refletir sobre os processos de recriação de tradições e sobre as negociações sociais que agem no sentido de configurar um grupo étnico. Nesse artigo, indico as situações sociais e negociações que configuram a identidade social e a produção de uma comunidade árabe como um grupo minoritário no Sul do Brasil. Focalizo as viagens e as ações coletivas empreendidas do início da década de 80 até o fim dos anos 90 e o reconhecimento do Estado Palestino pela ONU. Estabeleço alguns dos nexos entre ações locais e extralocais e de que maneira contribuíram para configurar uma autodenominação e o reconhecimento dos migrantes como palestinos. Abstract This article is about Palestinian identity and social processes involving the construction of ethnic identity in the extreme South of Brazil. It focuses on the recreation of traditions and the social dealings that shape that specific ethnic group. The ethnographic part is developed from direct and participant observation as well from the analysis of documents produced by interviewees living in the town of Chuí, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, on the border between Brazil and Uruguay. This study analyzes expressions of social identity relating to the identification of members of the group as Palestinians. It deals with the processes and social mechanisms which give vitality to this ethnic identity and its experience as a minority group.
Ratos e homens  e o efeito placebo: um reencontro da cultura no caminho da natureza
Authors: Marras Stélio
Published: December 2014

Sob o prisma de uma antropologia da ciência ou da modernidade, o artigo reflete sobre o fenômeno do efeito placebo, especialmente sua ocorrência nos laboratórios sintetizadores de moléculas medicamentosas. A função dos experimentos destes laboratórios, não por acaso denominados contra-placebo, é justamente a de, sob todo esforço, eliminar a ocorrência do efeito sugestão em favor do estável bioquímico. Este deve prevalecer, como um arrombador biológico, na composição final do medicamento em teste. Trata-se de acompanhar as constantes vicissitudes por que passam tais laboratórios em sua faina para eliminar de seus pacientes experimentais manifestações da subjetividade  ou má razão, conforme nomenclatura padrão. A proposta de fundo é reconhecer nas hard sciences, centro reprodutor da epistéme moderna e seu modo de divisar Natureza e Cultura, um imprescindível foco para a compreensão de aspectos capitais da cosmologia moderna. Abstract Situating itself in the context of the anthropologies of science and modernity, this article discusses the placebo effect, specially its occurrence in synthesizer laboratories of medicament molecules. Such laboratories  unsurprisingly know as counter-placebo , have as their function to do every effort to eliminate the occurrence of the suggestion effect in behalf of the biochemical stable. The latter should prevail, as an biological breaker, in the final composition of the medicament being tested. The article follows the constant inner vicissitudes that such laboratories go through in their will to eliminate from their experimental patients manifestations of the subjectivity  or bad reason, as it is expressed by the patterned terminology. The final purpose of this study is to recognize in the hard sciences a center for the reproduction of the modern epistème as well as their mode of dividing Nature and Culture, giving us an important focus for the understanding of decisive aspects of modern cosmology.
Identidades Étnicas, Irmandade do Rosário e Rei do Congo: sociabilidades cotidianas recifenses  século XIX
Authors: Cord Marcelo Mac
Published: December 2014

Buscamos entender, neste artigo, a plasticidade das identidades étnicas na história social da Irmandade do Rosário dos Pretos da freguesia de Santo Antônio do Recife. A presença de diversas etnias, no corpo confraternal, foi balizada por fortes hierarquias e algumas exclusões. As referências étnicas africanas acabaram remodelando-se às realidades sócio-históricas e culturais recifenses, possibilitando a construção de novas redes de compromisso e solidariedade entre as gentes de cor  aportadas e/ou nascidas em solo pernambucano. A Irmandade do Rosário dos Pretos da freguesia de Santo Antônio do Recife é o locus privilegiado para entendermos tais questões. Ethnic Identities, Irmandade do Rosário and the King of Congo: Recife´s daily sociabilities  19th. Century Abstract This article aims to understand the plasticity of Rosário dos Pretos Brotherhoods ethnic identity, its unfolding in social history. This brotherhood belongs to the freguesia of Santo Antônio do Recife (Pernambuco, Brazil). The presence of several ethnic groups in this brotherhood is marked by powerful hierarchies and some exclusions. The African ethnic references have remodeled themselves in reference to the social-historical and cultural reality of Recife, which made possible the construction of new alliances and solidary networks among colored people born or recently arrived in Pernambuco. The brotherhood of Rosário dos Pretos is a privileged locus of analysis for us to realize these questions.
A Família como Patrimônio: A Construção de Memórias entre Descendentes de Imigrantes Italianos
Authors: Zanini Maria Catarina Chitolina
Published: December 2014

A colonização italiana na região central do Rio Grande do Sul teve início em finais do século XIX e de lá para cá toda uma trajetória de construção de italianidade se processou. A revalorização da noção de pertencimento étnico tem proporcionado uma nova gama de formas de sociabilidade, de troca e de inserção dos indivíduos na sociedade local, mas não só. A família, nessa reconstrução das origens, é o elo que permite ao indivíduo refazer a história coletiva de seu grupo, mas também refazer a si mesmo. O processo de construção das memórias tem, dessa forma, desempenhado um papel fundamental nessa busca e foi por meio delas que minha pesquisa se orientou. Family as patrimony: the building of memories among descendents of Italian immigrants Abstract The Italian settlement in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul state has began in 1877 and from then on a long trajectory of a construction of italianity has been processed. The revalorization of the notion of ethnic pertinence has allowed, among other things, new forms of sociability, exchanges and of insertion of individuals in the local society. In this reconstruction of origins, the family is the link that enables individuals to remake the collective history of their group, but also to meet themselves in this process. The construction of the descendents´ memories has developed a fundamental role in the search for origins searching and it was through these memories that this research was conducted.
A dádiva da teoria: epistemologia e reciprocidade no circuito do dado antropológico
Authors: Reinhardt Bruno M. N.
Published: December 2014

Postulando a indissociabilidade entre as dimensões analítica e reflexiva do conhecimento antropológico, o artigo realiza a recuperação crítica das condições discursivas que articulam os dados etnográficos e a teoria social em duas obras importantes: o clássico Ensaio sobre a Dádiva, de Marcel Mauss, e Les Mots, la Mort, les Sorts, de Jeanne Favret-Saada. A partir da aproximação comparativa entre o círculo meta-teórico da hermenêutica e os círculos teóricos da dádiva e da feitiçaria, o texto tem como finalidade a reflexão epistemológica sobre a relação entre o saber antropológico e o saber nativo. Através do processual entre-cruzamento de informações provenientes desses três círculos, constrói-se um argumento que, partindo da teoria da dádiva, deságua na proposta de uma epistemologia da dádiva, ou uma dádiva da teoria.
Resistência ou Conflito? O legado folclorista nas atuais representações do jogo da capoeira
Authors: Vassallo Simone Pondé
Published: December 2014

Este artigo procura compreender alguns dos motivos que levam a uma enorme disparidade entre uma imagem idealizada do jogo da capoeira, visto principalmente como um espaço da harmonia e da coesão social, e certas práticas cotidianas extremamente hierarquizadas e competitivas, veiculadas pelos próprios capoeiristas. Sugiro que este hiato entre representação e ação resulte de uma atualização da perspectiva de folcloristas brasileiros de meados do século XX, e que deve, portanto, ser alvo de reflexão. A análise se dá a partir da leitura de algumas obras publicadas por pesquisadores e por capoeiristas, desde a década de 1930, bem como de uma etnografia realizada em algumas escolas de capoeira do Rio de Janeiro, nos dias de hoje.
"Doença de Índio": o princípio patogênico da alteridade e os modos de transformação em uma cosmologia amazônica
Authors: Barcelos Neto Aristóteles
Published: December 2014

Durante meus trabalhos de campo entre os índios Wauja do Alto Xingu, recolhi várias narrativas sobre pessoas da aldeia que tinham virado bicho quando estiveram gravemente doentes. A maioria retornou à sua condição humana graças às intervenções de xamãs visionário-divinatórios e de altos especialistas rituais. Este artigo descreve as séries de transformações entre humanos e não-humanos na cosmologia wauja e discute como são distribuídos e colocados em relação os atributos da humanidade, animalidade e da monstruosidade.
"Remédio da Ciência" e "Remédio da Alma": os usos da secreção do kambô (Phyllomedusa bicolor) nas cidades
Authors: Lima Edilene Coffaci de , Labate Beatriz Caiuby
Published: December 2014

Desde a metade da última década, em grandes cidades do Brasil, começou a se difundir o uso da secreção da rã Phyllomedusa bicolor. Tradicionalmente usada como revigorante e estimulante para caça por grupos indígenas do sudoeste amazônico (entre eles, Katukina, Yawanawá e Kaxinawá), tem havido um duplo interesse pelo kambô nos centros urbanos: como um "remédio da ciência" – no qual se exaltam suas propriedades bioquímicas – e como um "remédio da alma" – onde o que mais se valoriza é sua "origem indígena". A difusão urbana do kambô tem-se dado, sobretudo, em clínicas de terapias alternativas e no ambiente das religiões ayahuasqueiras brasileiras. Os aplicadores são bastante diversos entre si: índios, ex-seringueiros, terapeutas holísticos e médicos. Neste artigo apresentamos uma etnografia da difusão do kambô, analisando sobretudo o discurso que esses diversos aplicadores têm elaborado sobre o uso da secreção, compreendida por alguns como uma espécie de ‘planta de poder’, análoga ao peiote e a ayahuasca.
Sangue, Leite e Quarentena: Notas etnográficas sobre o puerpério na cidade de Melgaço, Pará
Authors: Fleischer Soraya
Published: December 2014

Nos meses em que vivi em Melgaço, na porção marajoara do Pará, muito me impactaram três mulheres que perambulavam pela cidade descalças, despenteadas e sempre com as mesmas roupas, rotas e amarfanhadas. Foi me explicado que o sangue puerperal tinha-lhes subido para a cabeça. Neste artigo apresento este estado patológico, principal resultado de um resguardo mal cuidado. Para tanto, descrevo um conjunto de regras de comportamento, dieta e amamentação que era sustentado para se evitar tal estado. E, ao relembrar de um conflito ilustrativo entre uma moça recém-parida e sua irmã, intento mostrar como uma complexa gama de fatores se concentram nesse período de recuperação de pós-parto tornando o cumprimento da quarentena um constante desafio enfrentado pelas mulheres e famílias melgacenses.
Reflexividade e Implicação de um “Pesquisador-Nativo” no Campo da Saúde Mental: sobre o dilema de pesquisar os próprios “colegas de trabalho"
Authors: Silva Martinho Braga
Published: December 2014

A partir das considerações de P. Bourdieu sobre a reflexividade reflexa e a objetivação participante e de R. Lourau sobre a análise das implicações, procuro examinar a posição de um psicólogo ao investigar uma equipe de saúde mental, no sentido de produzir conhecimento sobre a atividade de pesquisa em situações nas quais o pesquisador, assim como eu, também é nativo. No contexto de um estudo sobre o atendimento a portadores de transtorno mental, conduzi entrevistas com profissionais, li prontuários e registrei reuniões de equipe em um serviço público de saúde enquanto trabalhava em outro, muitas vezes dividido entre duas posturas: uma mais consolidada, de defesa do ponto de vista do movimento antimanicomial, outra em formação, de estranhamento dos princípios e dos valores desse mesmo movimento. Emergia da leitura dos prontuários uma dimensão propriamente administrativa das práticas: o fato de o registro contribuir justamente para, ao citá-los, vincular familiares e vizinhos ao serviço.
Entre a Razão e a Prática: o sistema cinta-larga na Amazônia contemporânea
Authors: Dal Poz João
Published: December 2014

As transações com garimpeiros e madeireiros, nas duas últimas décadas, impulsionaram dramáticas mudanças no estilo de vida dos Cintas-Largas, um povo de língua tupi-mondé da Amazônia meridional. Este artigo procura compreender estes eventos nos termos de um sistema ou modelo cultural, orientado pela reciprocidade assimétrica e desigual, cuja lógica canibal converte seres e qualidades exteriores em valor para suas operações. A observação etnográfica, todavia, encontra um entorno contemporâneo de alta complexidade – agrupamentos urbanos, vias de transporte, redes mercantis e ilícitas, mediações financeiras, aparatos estatais, meios de comunicação e artefatos tecnológicos variados. A aplicação da noção de sistemas auto-referentes, desenvolvida por Niklas Luhmann, sugere uma perspectiva instigante e inovadora.
Ecoturismo e Mudança Social na Amazônia Rural: efeitos sobre o papel da mulher e as relações de gênero
Authors: Peralta Nelissa , Alencar Edna Ferreira
Published: December 2014

O ecoturismo tem sido desenvolvido com o objetivo de melhorar a qualidade de vida da população, principalmente em áreas rurais, mas há poucas pesquisas analisando o que os projetos representam para os indivíduos. O artigo discute as mudanças sociais na esfera doméstica da unidade domiciliar principalmente no que se refere ao papel da mulher e às relações entre gêneros. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável na região do Médio Solimões, utilizando como metodologia a observação participante e entrevistas abertas. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que o ecoturismo gerou renda de forma significativa, aumentando em 148% o poder de compra em uma das comunidades estudadas. O acesso à renda provocou maior independência econômica para as mulheres, maior poder na alocação de recursos, maior acesso a redes de comunicação fora da esfera doméstica e maior reflexão sobre as desigualdades entre os gêneros, mas não necessariamente uma diminuição destas desigualdades.
PLURALISMO JURÍDICO: Um Novo Paradigma para se Pensar o Fenômeno Jurídico
Authors: Catusso Joseane
Published: December 2014

Considerando a importância da perspectiva sociológica para compreensão do fenômeno jurídico e a insuficiência do modelo clássico ocidental de legalidade positiva herdado do século XIX face à realidade plural e multifacetada da sociedade contemporânea, o artigo aborda o pluralismo jurídico como horizonte de uma nova legalidade, capaz de aproximar a produção do direito da sociedade civil. Dentre as polissêmicas propostas pluralistas, privilegia-se a análise do pluralismo comunitário participativo de Antônio Carlos Wolkmer, apresentado como um novo paradigma do direito baseado em práticas democráticas, compreensivo de um modelo alternativo de legalidade atuante por meio de uma prática coletiva atenta para a emergência dos sujeitos coletivos de jurisdicidade, que procura satisfazer as necessidades fundamentais do ser humano tomado como membro de uma sociedade solidária. Tal elaboração abrange, também, a imprescindibilidade de reordenação do espaço público por meio de uma política democrático-solidária, descentralizadora e participativa, na busca pela implementação de uma ética concreta de alteridade que contemple os momentos material e formal, tendo por base principal a realidade concreta.