bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Academic Integrity in Education in the Context of Sustainable Development of Society
Authors: Kudeikina Inga , Mihailovs Ivans Jānis , Zīvarts Juris
Published: June 2022

It is beyond argument that education is a cornerstone of the sustainable development of any society and state. The more educated society and its individual members are, the more capable the state and its economy and security and technology systems are of giving a targeted response to challenges of today’s world. However, education should not be seen as an end in itself. Certain quality requirements and standards should be respected in the educational process, one of them being academic integrity. Academic misconduct is firmly condemned both at educational institutions and in society, and occasionally the lawfulness of acquired education may be questioned. This kind of misconduct represents a phenomenon leading to several threats, and it can be interpreted as an intellectual property theft, which compromises the quality of education, thereby reducing a state’s capacity for development, and undermines confidence in educational institutions and persons who have committed misconduct, adversely affecting society in general. It should be emphasised that, if ignored, academic misconduct facilitates legal nihilism in the long term. Therefore, one of priorities in education should be associated with solidifying academic integrity as a component of sustainable development. In the light of the above, this article analyses the understanding of academic integrity and how students can be punished for academic misconduct in the context of sustainable development, for which purpose internal regulations of major higher education institutions of the Republic of Latvia have been examined.

Keywords: academic integrity, liability for academic misconduct, right to education, sustainable development of the state
Multi-Dimensional Assessment of a Bavarian and Czech University: A Case Study of Sustainability Implementation
Authors: Herzner Alexander , Hommerová Dita
Published: June 2022

Evaluating the effectiveness of sustainability implementation at Higher Education Institutions is still challenging, due to less multi-dimensional approaches. Purpose is to present a new assessment - Sustainable Maturity model (SuMa model) for evaluating the implementation of sustainability at two universities in a border region with different maturity profiles through an internationally designed case study. Therefore, internal documents were analyzed, and interviews were conducted. The pilot implementation of this model showed that it can also be used internationally to evaluate the current state of sustainability implementation. As the assessment results prove, the critical point is effectiveness of strategy implementation and communication. Also, a lack of common understanding of sustainability still exists. The case study shows that the cultural and historical differences that exist in rural areas matters for implementing sustainability. The new SuMa assessment-model is a very suitable tool that delivers relevant indicators for measurable and comparable results over time and, above all, helps and supports the implementation of sustainability across all activities in the higher education landscape. It thus offers the possibility of being a standardized tool used worldwide.

Keywords: Higher Education Institutions; Sustainability; Strategy Implementation; Assessment
Multi-duplication beam source for virtual reality-head mounted display under leaky mode resonance
Authors: ogata yoichi
Published: June 2022

We realized a multi-duplication of the emission beam generated at the surface by using the excitation of theleaky mode in a TiO2 slanted nanograting layer. In the TiO2 layer, the beam is waveguided along the short-axisdirection of the grating at a specific injection angle Θ. On the surface of the layer, a beam consisting of leakagegenerated during the waveguide is emitted. The emitted beam would have a high optical intensity comparedwith the general emission. Furthermore, it would generate an afterimage for the waveguide direction. In thiswork, we performed angle-resolved measurements to obtain two effects, namely intensity improvement andafterimaging. Subsequently, we identified an appropriate resonance condition for the above leaky radiation onthe 1D waveguide on the surface. Thereby, the resonance peak for the leaky waveguide with ΘFWHM = 8.0–10.0°at Θ = 10° was verified in the measurement. This grating sample is likely to be effective as a novel coupler on abinocular virtual reality (VR) head-mounted display (HMD) based on multiduplication broadband beamemission.
Using Linear Regression Machine Learning Algorithm for the Prediction of Real Estate
Authors: Chaubey Amrit Kumar , Shrestha Aadit , Gogoi Anindita
Published: June 2022

The Real Estate prediction model is a web-based Machine Learning project which uses the machine learning algorithm to determine the price of the house in the future. This project targets the people who are in search of a place for living with a suitable price and a living standard. To get better and accurate results we have used multiple algorithms and compared them. The findings have indicated that the use of various algorithms can drastically impact the accuracy of the prediction. And, having a poor dataset negatively impacts the prediction. Different factors like interest rates, housing inventory, absorption rates, rental to capitals and many more impact the price of the real estate. So, we would like to make a model which predicts the price precisely keeping these factors in mind.
Psammomatoid

and Trabecular

Juvenile Ossifying Fibromas: Two Aggressive Tumors
Authors: Aoun Georges
Published: June 2022

Juvenile ossifying fibromas (JOFs) of the jaws are uncommon benign fibro-osseous tumors affecting children under 15 years of age. Based on histological criteria, JOFs have been classified into psammomatoid and trabecular. Their aggressiveness added to their high tendency to recur, provoke real diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for the dental practitioner and make a postoperative follow-up over the years indispensable. The aim of this article was to review the clinical, histological and radiological features of these lesions as well as their treatment modalities.
Smart Home Automation System
Authors: Soni Vishakha , Verma Prof. Ashok
Published: June 2022

Computerization is becoming famous step by step because of various benefits. Till now the current advancement shows that the mechanization framework is overseen by messages, messages or a few different applications. This paper gives a thought of involving IoT for observing and controlling home machines by means of the World Wide Web through remote medium or Wi-Fi. The thought given in this paper targets controlling home machines through detecting the movement of the human body by involving a Raspberry Pi as a server framework, PIR sensor for detecting movement of the human body and convey in AWS cloud stage so the framework is open with the movement of the human body just, with NodeMCU. Raspberry Pi known as a Single Board Computer (SBC) is proposed in this paper to accomplish these objectives. PIR sensor identifies a person moving around, which can recognize levels of infrared radiation. A web or an android application is utilized by the clients to carefully guide these frameworks. This framework can utilize a large group of specialized strategies like Wi-Fi, GSM, Bluetooth, ZigBee. Distinctive controlling gadgets and designs can be found in existing frameworks. Such frameworks have been tracked down currently in many spots for a wide assortment of uses. This paper presents a review of every such framework.
What are the Challenges Faced by Adults When They Become Aged?
Authors: Samaranayake Devika
Published: June 2022

Today the ageing population is growing larger and larger. And governments and families alike around the world need to take necessary actions to tend to the needs of these elders in order to ensure they have a comfortable life during the late ages of their life.There are many challenges faced by the elders and there are many factors that affect the wellbeing of their lives. This research paper aims to find out what are the most critical factors that affect the wellbeing of the elders with special reference to the senior citizens.Using past literature it was determined that physical wellbeing, mental wellbeing, financial wellbeing and Social wellbeing are the areas which will impact the wellbeing of an elderly person. In order to test these hypotheses, the researcher conducted interviews personally with ten participants who live in an elderly care home. And the researcher was able to find out which has the highest impact on elderly citizens life and which has the least effect.
An Assessment of the Potential Value for Climate Remediation of Ocean Calcifiers in Sequestration of Atmospheric Carbon
Authors: Moore David , Heilweck Matthias , Fears M.D. William Burton , Petros Peter , Squires Samuel James , Tamburini Elena , Waldron, Jr. Robert Paul
Published: June 2022

Today’s marine calcifiers (coccolithophore algae, Foraminifera [protists], Mollusca, Crustacea, Anthozoa [corals], Echinodermata) remove carbon dioxide (CO
2) from the atmosphere, converting it into solid calcium carbonate (CaCO
3) which is stable for geological periods of time. These organisms could serve as a biotechnological carbon capture and storage mechanism to control climate change. Two criticisms made about this are: (i) ocean acidification has allegedly been shown to cause reduced shell formation in calcifiers; (ii) the calcification reaction that precipitates CaCO
3 crystals into the shells is alleged to return CO
2 to the atmosphere. In this review we assess the evidence concerning such criticisms and find reasons to doubt both. Experiments showing that ocean acidification is damaging to calcifiers have all used experimental pH levels that are not projected to be reached in the oceans until the next century or later; today’s oceans, despite recent changes, are alkaline in pH. Claiming precipitation of CaCO
3 during calcification as a net source of CO
2 to the atmosphere is an oversimplification of ocean chemistry that is true only in open water environments. Living calcifiers do not carry out the calcification reaction in an open water environment in equilibrium with the atmosphere. The chemistry that we know as life takes place on the surfaces of enzymatic polypeptides, within organelles that have phospholipid membranes, contained in a cell enclosed within another phospholipid bilayer membrane specifically to isolate the chemistry of life from the open water environment. Ignoring what is known about the biology, physiology, and molecular cell biology of living organisms, calcifiers of all types especially, leads to erroneous conclusions and deficient advice about the potential for biotechnology to contribute to atmosphere remediation. We conclude that the world’s aquaculture industries already operate the biotechnology that, with massive and
immediate global expansion, can contribute to sustainably controlling atmospheric CO
2 levels at reasonable cost and with several positive benefits in addition to carbon sequestration.
Gender-based Violence: Its Prevalence, Forms, Causes and Consequences
Authors: UGOWE DAVIES
Published: June 2022

In the first section of this paper, the author briefly discussed the prevalence of violence against women, which is as old as time itself and is pervasively perpetrated by men on women worldwide, regardless of their sociocultural, political, religious, or economic status. No nation in the world is immune to it. Nonetheless, severity varies. In contrast to developed nations, women in African nations are more likely to be abused. It is shockingly accepted and considered normal in this region of the world. The lack of data from victims is one of the greatest obstacles to assessing the full impact of gender-based violence in African societies. When this information is available, it is not always sufficient.

Using the ecological model, the author attempts to classify the various forms of violence into four major categories, including physical, economic, psychological/emotional, and sexual abuse, as well as the factors responsible for them, including individual, relationship, community, and societal factors. On both the individual and societal levels, the negative consequences of violence were emphasized, and appropriate recommendations were made.
EFFECTS OF FUNCTIONAL FILLERS IN THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF 3D-PRINTED POLYLACTIC ACID USING FUSED DEPOSITION MODELLING
Authors: Miparanum Kate Jaclyn , Albar Blessy , Abando Alex John III
Published: June 2022

Polylactic acid (PLA) has increasingly attracted research in various industrial fields due to its great biocompatibility and sustainability over other thermoplastics, which are widely used as filament feedstock in 3D-printing technology, specifically in Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). Despite PLA being suitable in FDM processing, it has limitations in applications that need plastic deformation at high-stress levels due to its low strength and ductility. For this purpose, this review article discusses the existing studies that involve the incorporation of fillers in 3D-printed polylactic acid to maximize its functionality, which is non-attainable by the pure filament material alone. An overview of polylactic acid in FDM and the properties and effects of functional fillers of different types are presented. Finally, a complete table of which functional fillers are categorized (carbonaceous, metallic, ceramic and glassy, plant-based, and mineral) summarizes the reported comparison of 3D-printed pure PLA and the composite, scoping to reveal the mechanical modifications of each filler.
Intelligent Gesture Recognition System for Differently Abled Persons Using Deep Learning
Authors: KALUTI MAHESH , J Nandish
Published: June 2022

Communication is the fundamental channel to share thoughts. As of late the hard of hearing, stupid and visually impaired unfortunate casualties expanded. Since almost totally senseless can't speak with ordinary individual. New situation is the place the idiotic, hard of hearing speak with visually impaired individuals. Signal acknowledgment is the scientific explanation of a human movement by a registering gadget. Gesture based communication give best correspondence stage to the consultation hindered and moronic individual to speak with ordinary individual. The Deaf and dumb use hand motions to convey though dazzle individuals can hear just the voice and correspondence through voice. So change of hand signals to voice yield is the arrangement. So as to draw a stage nearer to these objective applications we use KNN calculation with Deep learning and Tensor flow method. The thoughts comprised of structuring and actualize a framework utilizing man-made brainpower, picture preparing and information mining ideas to accept contribution as hand signals and produce unmistakable yields as content and voice with 95% accuracy and above through proposed work.
Machine Learning in Production: From Experimented ML Model to System
Authors: Bhowmik Pritom
Published: June 2022

Production ML pipeline refers to a complete end-to-end workflow of a machine learning product ready for deployment. In recent years, companies have vastly invested in Machine Learning research; developers are developing new tools and technologies to make ML more flexible. Now, we can experience AI in most devices around us, from home appliances to cars. When we want to develop an AI-powered product, it is vital to understand the crucial workflows of the ML. Academic research to develop an ML model and a production ML pipeline are entirely different scenarios. From business problems, data collection to deploying the model is an acutely iterative process. Most of the time, Data scientists and Machine Learning Engineers need to deal with issues like data shift, concept shift, model decay, etc. Sometimes, there are need to change the complete ML architecture or how the features are engineered in the dataset. It will become tedious if someone is working in such an environment and lacks an understanding of the entire workflow of the ML pipeline. Though every ML project is different, a data scientist/ ML engineer/ data engineer must understand the end-to-end workflow of the ML pipeline for the product they are developing. The challenge starts with a business problem. We may face different domain problem statements that need to be solved with Machine Learning. How the data will be collected is also a big concern. Data pre-processing, data validation, data monitoring, feature engineering, Model Selection, hyperparameter tuning, model optimization, model performance analysis, performance evaluation, detecting bias, model deployment, post-deployment analysis & monitoring are the crucial processes to make your model production-ready. The main contribution of this research paper is to present a complete picture of the end-to-end workflows of a production-ready ML pipeline.
Structural Analysis of Fluid Flow in Complex Biological Systems
Authors: Eisenberg Robert
Published: June 2022

Biology is about structure. Structures within structures. Organs within animals, tissues within organs, cells within tissues, and molecules, often proteins within cells. The structures are so complex that they can only be described by numbers. No numbers are of more importance than those that describe proteins. The numbers that describe coordinates of its atoms, often determined by Patterson functions (which are inverse Fourier Transforms of intensities) of crystal diffraction. Without these numbers, structural biology would hardly exist. Without numbers, engineering would not exist. Numbers are surely needed by the engineers who produce the x-rays diffracting from atoms of protein crystals. Devices of engineering have function. They are built to implement equations. Engineering devices use structures to implement equations, when power is supplied at the right places, that produces appropriate flows. Flows are the essence of life. Equilibrium means death in most living systems. Flows in biological structures are hard to analyze because we do not know input output equations in advance. Sometimes we do not know their function. Flows, forces, and structures of life (like those of engineering) are related by field equations of conservation laws, partial differential equations, constrained by location and properties of structures. Constraints are boundary conditions located on the complicated domain of biological structure. Dealing with this complexity is simplified if one systematically analyzes structure using the most general field theory known, electricity described by the Maxwell equations, without significant known error. Currents are involved because flows of biology usually involve migration of charges, convection of water and solutes, diffusion of ions that form the plasma of life, and their interactions. Interactions can dominate function. Here I show how a few complex structures can be understood in engineering detail. This approach may be useful in dealing with biological and medical issues in many other cases. In one limited case—the clearance of a toxic waste (potassium ions) from the optic nerve—this approach seems to have succeeded.
The association of the most active 30-minute continuous physical activity timing, midpoint of sleep timing and glycated haemoglobin levels (HbA1c)
Authors: Tompkins Katie
Published: June 2022

The growing cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus is a concerning growth worldwide. The study used, identified 675 usable participants from the CODEC study. The study analysed the association between midpoint of sleep, most active 30-minutes of continuous physical activity timing and glycated hemoglobin. The main tools used for data analysis was a GENEActiv accelerometer, and statistical analysis was conducted through SPSS (version 26). To analyse data, a participant needed at least 16-hours of clean data, over a 24-hour period. The results identified no significant difference between midpoint of sleep, physical activity timing and HbA1c. However, there was a significant difference in examining age and sleep (p = .012), alongside age and physical activity timing (p = .010). Furthermore, when splitting the age groups (overs 60s vs under 60s), it resulted in no significant. There is clear evidence that more research needs to be conducted
THE NORMALIZATION OF FRAUD IN NIGERIA
Authors: UGOWE DAVIES
Published: June 2022

The proliferation and widespread use of the internet in Nigeria has resulted in the emergence and spread of a wide range of computer-and internet-enabled device-related crimes. Identity theft, fraudulent electronic mail transmission, hacking, spamming, and machine spoofing are just a few examples of internet-facilitated crimes.

This paper is an excerpt from the same author's unpublished book, "In a Time of Fraud: The Untold Story of the Nigerian Fraudster." Through participatory observations, surveys, and interviews, it aimed to expose the methods of internet fraudsters in Nigeria, also known as Gboys

/

Yahoo-boys, who operate in organized crime groups (OCGs), also known as Hustle Kingdoms (HKs).

This paper attempts to demonstrate how widespread and interconnected the fraud networks and acts are in Nigeria and throughout Africa, as well as the complicity of the Nigerian police and the belief systems that fuel them.

and , and , , OCGs, and ,
Improving Students’ Retention Using Machine Learning: Impacts and Implications
Authors: Trivedi Sandeep
Published: June 2022

Traditional statistical tools and qualitative techniques were employed in the literature to discover and forecast charac teristics/factors that impact student retention the most. Modeling the links between these early available indicators and a student's future status of engineering persistence can be very useful in improving student retention in engineering. For some years, machine learning approaches have been used in education to predict retention and discover factors impacting retention rates, with better outcomes since 2010. This study focuses on different machine learning techniques used in literature for improving students’ retention; we have identified various factors that might affect the students’ retention and employed SVM and Neural Networks for predicting students’ retention rates.
Knowledge and sociality: on the Institute of Education (London) as a second home
Authors: Apple Michael W
Published: June 2022

I have had a close and long-standing relationship with the IOE (Institute of Education), UCL’s Faculty of Education and Society (University College London, UK). In order to understand why and how for many years the IOE became my ‘second home’, I infuse this article with a combination of critical academic and political points and a detailed sense of personal history. In the process, I trace out the development of a number of my arguments about the relationship between knowledge, power and education. I connect this to the role of the IOE in this development, both as an institution and with regard to people with whom I had close contacts over the years. Among the people I particularly focus on is Geoff Whitty, who was a key figure in all of this.
Nano Additives in Cashew Nut Shell Liquid Biodiesel and Environment Emissions of Diesel Engine
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Chhibber Vijay Kumar , Singh Ajay
Published: June 2022

The developing countries are using non-edible oils for the production of biofuels, additives, or alternate fuels. The research article focused on the behavior study and analysis of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) biodiesel obtained by processing the cashew nut shell liquid. The work is carried out to derive the thermal-cracked (TC) -CNSL oil from Cardonal in the temperature range l50℃ to 400℃. The chemical functional groups are studied using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) techniques. The TC-CNSL blended fuel performance is compared with diesel and neat biodiesel (B-100). The physicochemical properties of diesel, CNSL, and TC-CNSL biodiesel are estimated based on American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. The 50 parts per million (ppm) Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles are added with TC-CNSL-B25, TC-CNSL-B50, TC-CNSL-75, and TC-CNSL-BJOO and processed in a single stroke diesel engine working at constant speed 1500-rpm. The blended fuel is analyzed based on environmental emission parameters in the diesel engines. The carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) hydrocarbon (HC) emissions of B-100 are reduced by 40.5%, 60.9%, and 30.7% respectively in comparison to diesel, at full load. The nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions are increased by 13.26 % in B-100 in comparison to diesel, at full load. The smoke density is also observed decreasing in B-100 in comparison to diesel.
Voltage Analysis of Multilevel Diode Clamped Inverter with SVPWM Technique
Authors: Rao Ch. N. Narasimha , Prasad P. Siva , Sukumar G.Durga , Rao Y. Srinivasa
Published: June 2022

The quantity of direct current voltage steps that are needed by the inverter connect is characterized based on the quantity of levels in an inverter bridge to accomplish a specific electric potential at its output. The best technique for settling the voltages applied to the gadgets is by clipping therefore utilizing dc voltage sources or huge capacitors, which momentarily act as voltage sources. Multilevel topology dependent on specific guideline, the input voltages applied to the devices can be controlled and restricted. A benefit of multilevel inverters contrasted that the yield voltage spectra are altogether better performed. Henceforth, the yield potentials can be sifted with more modest responsive segments, and furthermore, the exchanging frequencies of the gadgets can be diminished. Two advantages with the capacity to manage higher voltage levels present on multilevel inverters is a vital job in the field of high quality produced wave form applications. In this paper, the three levels Diode-clamped inverter incorporates displaying, recreation, plan execution, and examination. Space Vector Balance will be utilized, to dispose of the basic mode electric potentials by exchanging between the various states.
Simulation of an On-grid Wind-Hydrogen Coupling System (Case Study: Mollo Selatan Subdistrict, Indonesia)
Authors: Al Mubarok Abdul Goffar , De Tian
Published: June 2022

This study proposed a wind-hydrogen coupling systems control strategy to investigate its feasibility. The control strategy regulates the electrical energy generated by a wind turbine to meet the domestic load demand of a specific site. The remaining electrical energy is regulated to supply electrolyzer for producing hydrogen as energy storage. The stored energy in the form of hydrogen can be reconverted into electricity by utilizing fuel cells to meet the domestic load demand. Selecting proper sites for evaluating the control strategy is critical. Hence this study also conducts a wind resource assessment approach that considers the humidity effect to wind power density, wind turbine power curve, and annual energy production of a wind turbine. This approach achieved a better precise annual energy production estimation than other approaches that neglect the humidity. Proper wind resource assessment resulted in a site for the case study, Mollo Selatan Subdistrict for an on-grid system. The control strategy was modeled and evaluated with MATLAB Simulink. The simulation results show the possibility of storing energy generated by the wind into hydrogen and meeting the load demand of the case study location.
Indian Quest for Sustainable Energy Regime: The Changing Narrative
Authors: Pant Girijesh
Published: June 2022

.
An Analysis of The Perceived Factors Impacting Employee Satisfaction and Retention in Saudi Arabia’s Higher Education Sector
Authors: Alharthey Abdullah Mulfi , Leong Yee Choy , Said Mohd Fuaad , Chong Choo Wei
Published: June 2022

The purpose of the study is to examine the factors that are perceived to have an impact on employee satisfaction and retention. This study employed a survey approach in order to gain the respondents' perceptions of the study. The target respondents of this study are academicians in the educational sector in Saudi Arabia. The source of the sampling based on the Saudi Ministry of Higher Education. A total of 384 respondents participated in this study, and the collection of the data was based on a stratified probability sampling technique. To address the research objectives, the study employed PLS-SEM to test the hypotheses of the study. The study has found that work engagement, co-worker relationships, and a supportive work environment are key to employee satisfaction in the educational sector in Saudi Arabia. Meanwhile, the working environment, perceived organizational support, and a supportive work environment are key to employee retention.
Diversidade genética de acessos do complexo Saccharum do Banco de Germoplasma da Embrapa
Authors: Albuquerque Resende Oliveira Leila , Santos Almeida Pereira Camila , Morais Lizz Kezzy , Silva Ledo Ana , Silva Ana Veruska Cruz
Published: June 2022

Os bancos de germoplasma representam fontes de variabilidade genética que podem ser empregadas em programas de melhoramento. Objetivou-se caracterizar molecularmente 31 acessos do Complexo Saccharum para auxiliar na gestão do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma de Cana da Embrapa e direcionar estratégias no programa de melhoramento genético. Com base nos marcadores moleculares ISSR, o coeficiente de similaridade de Jaccard variou de 0,34 a 0,83. O dendrograma baseado na matriz de dissimilaridade genética mostrou que os acessos se categorizaram em nove agrupamentos. O grupo IX foi composto pelos acessos da espécie Erianthus arundinaceus e apresentaram maior similaridade entre si, sugerindo a existência de duplicaras. As menores dissimilaridades foram entre os grupos I e II, nos quais estão presentes o maior número de espécies de Saccharum officinarum e as cultivares comerciais SP 791011 e RB92579. As informações obtidas poderão ser utilizadas na gestão do BAG, no desenvolvimento de um banco de dados para gerenciamento de características de acessos selvagens do Complexo Saccharum, bem como na indicação de futuros genitores potenciais para introgressão genética em programas de melhoramento.
Trichoderma as a growth promoter in Astronium urundeuva (M. Allemão) Engl.
Authors: Chagas Junior Aloisio Freitas , Dias Patricia Cardoso , Santos Gil Rodrigues dos , Ribeiro Adriana Santos Neves , Sousa Kellem Ângela Oliveira de , Chagas Lillian França Borges
Published: June 2022

The low growth is one of the biggest problems encountered in the production of native forest seedlings. Fungi of the genus Trichoderma are microorganisms capable of potentialize the plant growth. Thereby, this article aims to evaluate the efficiency of Trichoderma inoculation, as a plant growth promoter of Aroeira seedlings (Astronium urundeuva (M. Allemão) Engl.), in the greenhouse. The isolated ones, at the approximate concentration of conidia at 1 x 109 per colonized gram of rice, were individually mixed with the soil in a homogeneous form in the experiments with and without phosphate fertilization. For the control treatment, sterilized rice without Trichoderma was used. Two experiments were carried out, at 50 and 100 days after the sowing (DAS). Were evaluated the biomass characteristics of the selected crop through the dry mass of aerial part, the root dry mass and the total dry mass, as well as the relative efficiency and quality index of Dickson. The experiment whose received the natural fertilizer phosphate, occurred a variation of 25.4 to 925% in growth promotion, compared to the control treatment. The experiment without fertilizer showed a variation of 26.5 to 425.4% in growth, compared to the control treatment. The results demonstrate the capacity of isolated Trichoderma to promote an initial growth with or without natural fertilize phosphate to Aroeira.
Firm Profits and Government Activity: An Empirical Investigation
Authors:   Faculty of Economics, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Skopje, North Macedonia, Tevdovski Dragan , Madjoska Joana ,   National Bank of the Republic of North Macedonia, Skopje, North Macedonia, Jolakoski Petar ,   Association for Research and Analysis – ZMAI, Skopje, North Macedonia, Jovanovic Branimir ,   Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, Vienna, Austria, Stojkoski Viktor ,   Center for Collective Learning, Artificial and Natural Intelligence Institute, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse, France; Faculty of Economics, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Skopje, North Macedonia
Published: June 2022

Firm profits play a pivotal role in government activity. In times of crises, when profits are low, governments increase their size. Also, if firm profits rise to a level far above what would have been earned in a competitive economy, firms might gain market power, which in turn might influence the activity of the government. But are these changes in the activity of the government also efficient? In this paper, we perform a detailed empirical study on the potential effects of firm profits and markups on government size and effectiveness. Using data on 22 European countries for a period of 17 years and an instrumental variables approach, we find that there exists a robust relationship between firm gains and the activity of the state, in the sense that higher firm profits reduce government size and effectiveness. Even in a group of developed countries, such as the European countries, firm power may affect state activity.
Presentación del Monográfico: Gestión de la Comunicación de crisis. Presente y futuro
Authors: Lobillo Gema , Schwarz Andreas , Barrientos-Báez Almudena
Published: June 2022

El concepto de crisis también ha ido evolucionando para adaptarse a las nuevas realidades de la comunicación (Suárez y García, 2010). Según Coombs (1999), una adecuada gestión de crisis debe pasar por la prevención, la preparación, el desempeño y el aprendizaje. Es difícil prevenir cuando no hay experiencias previas ante situaciones totalmente nuevas.

El panorama comunicacional es más cambiante que nunca, por lo que las crisis se vuelven casi impredecibles. Tras sufrir la crisis mundial más significativa de todos los tiempos, como la del COVID-19 (Casero-Ripollés, 2020; Costa-Sánchez y López-García, 2020), las organizaciones han tenido que redefinirse para seguir siendo competitivas en los diferentes mercados. Nos enfrentamos ante retos y paradigmas difíciles de anticipar en un mundo globalizado y conectado, donde las crisis se amplifican exponencialmente (Losada, 2018).

La gestión de crisis es imprescindible para los gobiernos, empresas, administraciones, proyectos y cualquier organización a través de adecuados programas estratégicos de comunicación. Por ello, es necesario profundizar en la investigación en comunicación, poniendo en valor las tendencias en esta materia.

Las crisis sanitarias (Lorente, 2010), la pérdida de la reputación por una errónea gestión (Xifra, 2020), la gestión del miedo como instrumento de persuasión (Rodríguez-Andrés, 2011) son algunos de los temas que requieren de especial atención para conocer la respuesta de los stakeholders ante situaciones adversas.

En este monográfico hacemos un llamamiento a artículos para profundizar en la gestión de crisis y las nuevas tendencias en políticas comunicativas y de marketing de las organizaciones, así como en la comunicación política como forma de conectar con la sociedad. Especial atención también presta esta llamada a artículos a las investigaciones en cuanto a la credibilidad de las organizaciones, a través de programas de responsabilidad social u otras formas de comunicación. Además, la vinculación entre crisis sanitarias y ODS se hace imprescindible en los tiempos que vivimos.

Líneas prioritarias en este monográfico:

- Gestión de la comunicación de crisis desde los gobiernos. Tendencias

- Estrategias de comunicación de crisis en empresas. Políticas de Responsabilidad Social

- Estrategias corporativas y de marketing en las empresas de comunicación

- Comunicación política

- Las crisis que vendrán y las vacunas de credibilidad

- Comunicación de crisis, salud y ODS
Immunological aspects of cystic echinococcosis in Erbil
Authors: Al-Sakee Hadi
Published: June 2022

Background and objectives: Echinococcus granulosus exists as a complex of different strains that differ in a wide variety of criteria that impact on the epidemiology, immunology, pathology and control of hydatid disease. This study was undertaken to investigate both humoral and cellular immune responses that are developed against hydatid cysts in Erbil. Methods: Thirty patients (9 males and 21 female) with surgically confirmed cystic echinococcosis and 10 apparently healthy individuals were included in this study. IgG ELISA was performed to asses humoral immune responses. CD4/ CD8 ratio, eosinophil count and lymphocyte transformation response were done to asses the cellular immune responses. The level of IFN-γ and TNF-α was also assayed. Results: The sensitivity of ELISA to detect anti-hydatid antibodies was shown to be 83.33%. CD4 / CD8 ratio was significantly (P< 0.001) decreased in patients with cystic echinococcosis as compared to normal control group, while eosinophil count (P< 0.001), lymphocyte transformation response (P< 0.001) and IFN-γ level (P< 0.01) were significantly increased. In contrast the level of TNFα was non- significantly changed in echinococcosis patients. Conclusion: The current study showed that the local strain of Echinococcus granulosus induces both cellular and humoral immune responses, and the number of peripheral blood CD8 T cells was significantly increased in cystic echinococcosis patients. However, hyporesponsivness to hydatid specific antigens has not been induced.
Obturation of internally prepared cavities (simulating internal resorption) with three different techniques
Authors: Saeed Media , Salman Raid
Published: June 2022

Background and objectives:There is controversy as to which instrumentation and/or obturation techniques to choose for the treatment of the internal resorption defects. This in vitro study compared the instrumentation and obturation quality of simulated internal resorption cavities (IRC) with 3 different techniques. Methods:Ninety extracted human roots were used and sectioned transversely 5 mm from the apex and hemi-circular cavities were prepared in both sections. The sections were glued back together using superglue and embedded in plaster mold, thus obtaining root canals with cavities simulating internal resorption. The samples were randomly divided into 3 groups of 30 roots and instrumented by pro-taper rotary files, hybrid technique, or step-back technique, then each group subdivided into three subgroups of 10 roots and obturated with cold lateral condensation, warm vertical compaction, or injectable thermo-plasticized technique. After obturation, the samples were radio-graphed in Bucco-lingual and Mesio-distal view. After that, the plaster molds were removed, and the samples were then sectioned at the previous level and the quality of the obturation of the IRC were viewed under stereomicroscope. Results: There was highly significant difference between pro-taper rotary files compared with hybrid and step-back techniques. The results of obturation techniques radiographically and by stereomicroscope showed that there was highly significant difference in between injectable thermo-plasticized compared with other two techniques. Conclusion:The pro-taper rotary files and injectable thermo-plasticized technique gave the best results for treatment of simulated internal resorption cavities (IRC).
Effects of simvastatin on lipid profile, atherogenic index and serum transaminases in hyperlipidemic patients
Authors: Husain Showan , Salih Ari
Published: June 2022

Background and objectives: Hyperlipidemia is characterized by increased concentrations of lipids including triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoproteins, very low density lipoproteins in the blood and some times decreased high density lipoproteins . Many drugs have been used for treatment of this disorder. The present study was designed to estimate the effects of simvastatin on lipid profile, atherogenic index, transaminases, creatinine, uric acid and alkaline phosphatase. Methods: This study covered 70 subjects, they were divided into two groups, the first group included 45 hyperlipidaemic patients which were treated with 20mg simvastatin and second group included 25 normal subjects. After 12 hours fasting, serum lipid profile, transaminases; alkaline phosphatase, uric acid and creatinine were measured for the patients in 3 intervals before treatment, after 8 weeks and 16 weeks of treatment, and one time for normal subjects. Results: : After therapy, simvastatin showed a significant reduction in serum (TC, TG, LDL, VLDL and atherogenic index) and also, significant rise in HDL noticed, by performing a comparison between the group before treatment, and groups after treatment.Serum ALT, AST and ALP were significantly increased but were still within normal levels.Insignificant effect was observed from serum creatinine, uric acid and also body mass index by performing a comparison between group before treatment and groups after treatment. Conclusions:Simvastatin was effective in controlling lipid profile and atherogenic index, with no significant abnormality in liver functions.
Evaluation of testosterone hormone and zinc Levels among infertile males in Kirkuk province/ Iraq
Authors: Muhammadamin Kamaran , Darweesh Omeed , Alshawni Muhammad
Published: June 2022

Background and objectives: Male Infertility is often caused by problems with sperm production or motility. Zinc in human semen seems to play an important role in the physiology of spermatozoa .This study was designed to demonstrate the relationships between concentrations of zinc and testosterone in serum and seminal plasma and sperm quality among infertile men. Methods: One hundred four infertile males, aged (19-44) years, were selected from Infertile Clinic-Azadi Teaching Hospital- Kirkuk Province. Forty known fertile males were selected as normospermic control group. Semen samples were analyzed according to WHO criteria. Serum and seminal plasma zinc concentrations were estimated by atomic absorption technique. Serum testosterone was measured by MiniVIDAS apparatus. Results: The mean value of serum testosterone was significantly lower in infertile males (4.87±0.15 ng/ml) as compared to control group (6.41±0.16 ng/ml); (P< 0.01), significant correlations were observed between serum testosterone with seminal plasma zinc level in oligospermic subjects (r=0.44) and with serum zinc level in azoospermic subjects (r=0.37), (P< 0.01); (P< 0.05) respectively. Serum and seminal plasma zinc levels were lower in infertile men (7.75±0.18 µmol/L); (0.83±0.02 mmol/L) when compared with normospermic control group (14.09±0.27 µmol/L); (1.41±0.01 mmol/L) respectively (p<0.01), Conclusion: Zinc may contribute to fertility through its positive effect on spermatogenesis. Also there was significant decrease in serum and seminal plasma zinc levels in oligospermic and azoospermic infertile males with significantly low androgen. It indicates that the zinc may have a role for steroidogenesis.
Bacteriological study of Hospital-acquired urinary tract infections in Erbil city
Authors: Taha Aza
Published: June 2022

Background and objectives: Urinary tract infections are amongst the most common infections, Hospital-acquired urinary tract infection increases not only morbidity and mortality but also hospital costs. The objectives of this study were to determine bacteria responsible for hospital-acquired urinary tract infection, their antibiotic sensitivities and to describe the risk factors of the infection. Methods: All urine samples fulfilling the criteria for significant bacteriuria were included in the study. Isolation and identification of bacteria was performed by standard method and susceptibility testing was determined by disk diffusion method. Results: Out of 290 patients, 133 (45.86%) have acquired hospital-acquired urinary tract infection. Older age, hospitalization and catheterization were risk factors of the infection. Escherichia coli (51.70%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (16.33%) represented the most common isolates. The most bacteria isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, rifampin and trimethoprim + sulphamethoxazole. Conclusions: To prevent hospital-acquired urinary tract infections, important factors must be taken into consideration, for example: avoid unnecessary urethral catheterization, choose narrow spectrum antibiotics according to antibiotic sensitivities, and investigate regularly the causative bacteria and their susceptibility patterns
Incidence of otitis media with effusion in children with adenoid hypertrophy
Authors: Khayat Farhad , Dabbagh Lana
Published: June 2022

Background and objectives: Otitis media with effusion is collection of fluid behind intact tympanic membrane. Otitis media with effusion usually coexists with the adenoid hypertrophy. The adenoid is a part of Waldeyer's ring; its basic function is thought to be antibody production. The aim is to identify the incidence of otitis media with effusion in children with adenoid hypertrophy. Methods: A prospective descriptive cohort study had been employed at Rizgari Teaching Hospital/ Erbil from January 2008 to July 2008. Summation of total 120 Child aged 3-12 years old were being conducted in the survey. All patients subjected for history, local physical examination, Information's recorded on a specially designed Questionnaire and proper investigations were done including lateral X ray of post nasal space, and audiological examination. Results: Among 120 patients age (3-12) years old with adenoid hypertrophy, 44 patients (36.7%) had OME, mean age was 6.5 years. Most common age group was (5-6) years (21) (47%). Conclusion: Adenoid Hypertrophy (AH) can be relevant in the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion (OME) due to its anatomic position.
The association between some salivary factors and dental caries in group of school children and adolescents in Erbil city
Authors: AL-Zahawi Shukria
Published: June 2022

Background and objectives: The protective function of saliva against dental caries achieved through its physico-chemical properties The purpose of this comparative study was to evaluate the relationship between some risk factors such as salivary flow rate, pH, oral hygiene (plaque index), buffering capacity, salivary level of lacto bacilli, streptococcus mutans and candida, with dental caries also aimed to determining which salivary factors correlate significantly to dental caries experience in children and adolescents. Methods: In this study, salivary factors were measured in resting saliva. Resting saliva was collected to determine flow rate, pH, buffering capacity, microorganism level of lactobacilli, streptococcus mutans and candida of (400) healthy school student, (200) children (6-12) years and (200) adolescents (13-16) years in twenty schools in Erbil city of different socioeconomic status. Their teeth were examined to measure the caries experience using decay, missing, and filled teeth index (DMFT), and oral hygiene (plaque index) level using (Silness and Loe 1964) method. Results: The mean DMFT in children was (5.35), while the mean DMFT in adolescents was (5.54). The mean oral hygiene in children was scored (1.21), while the mean oral hygiene in adolescents was (1.19). The factors showing significant relation ship to dental caries in children were flow rate, pH, oral hygiene (plaque index), lactobacilli, streptococcus mutans and candida, while the salivary factors showing a significant relation ship to dental caries in adolescent were pH, oral hygiene and count of lactobacilli. Conclusion:Evidence from the current research support a central role of the salivary flow rate, pH, oral hygiene, count of salivary streptococcus mutans, lactobacilli and candida albicans in the increasing of dental caries in children. While in adolescent there was relation between dental caries and salivary pH, oral hygiene and count of lactobacilli.