bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stability of graph theoretical measures in structural brain networks in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Mårtensson Gustav , Pereira Joana B. , Mecocci Patrizia , Vellas Bruno , Tsolaki Magda , Kłoszewska Iwona , Soininen Hilkka , Lovestone Simon , Simmons Andrew , Volpe Giovanni , Westman Eric
Published: July 2018

Graph analysis has become a popular approach to study structural brain networks in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, reported results across similar studies are often not consistent. In this paper we investigated the stability of the graph analysis measures clustering, path length, global efficiency and transitivity in a cohort of AD (N = 293) and control subjects (N = 293). More specifically, we studied the effect that group size and composition, choice of neuroanatomical atlas, and choice of cortical measure (thickness or volume) have on binary and weighted network properties and relate them to the magnitude of the differences between groups of AD and control subjects. Our results showed that specific group composition heavily influenced the network properties, particularly for groups with less than 150 subjects. Weighted measures generally required fewer subjects to stabilize and all assessed measures showed robust significant differences, consistent across atlases and cortical measures. However, all these measures were driven by the average correlation strength, which implies a limitation of capturing more complex features in weighted networks. In binary graphs, significant differences were only found in the global efficiency and transitivity measures when using cortical thickness measures to define edges. The findings were consistent across the two atlases, but no differences were found when using cortical volumes. Our findings merits future investigations of weighted brain networks and suggest that cortical thickness measures should be preferred in future AD studies if using binary networks. Further, studying cortical networks in small cohorts should be complemented by analyzing smaller, subsampled groups to reduce the risk that findings are spurious.
Familial Cancer Variant Prioritization Pipeline version 2 (FCVPPv2) applied to a papillary thyroid cancer family
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Bandapalli Obul Reddy , Paramasivam Nagarajan , Giangiobbe Sara , Diquigiovanni Chiara , Bonora Elena , Eils Roland , Schlesner Matthias , Hemminki Kari , Försti Asta
Published: July 2018

Whole-genome sequencing methods in familial cancer are useful to unravel rare clinically important cancer predisposing variants. Here, we present improvements in our pedigree-based familial cancer variant prioritization pipeline referred as FCVPPv2, including 12 tools for evaluating deleteriousness and 5 intolerance scores for missense variants. This pipeline is also capable of assessing non-coding regions by combining FANTOM5 data with sets of tools like Bedtools, ChromHMM, Miranda, SNPnexus and Targetscan. We tested this pipeline in a family with history of a papillary thyroid cancer. Only one variant causing an amino acid change G573R (dbSNP ID rs145736623, NM_019609.4:exon11:c.G1717A:p.G573R) in the carboxypeptidase gene CPXM1 survived our pipeline. This variant is located in a highly conserved region across vertebrates in the peptidase_M14 domain (Pfam ID PF00246). The CPXM1 gene may be involved in adipogenesis and extracellular matrix remodelling and it has been suggested to be a tumour suppressor in breast cancer. However, the presence of the variant in the ExAC database suggests it to be a rare polymorphism or a low-penetrance risk allele. Overall, our pipeline is a comprehensive approach for prediction of predisposing variants for high-risk cancer families, for which a functional characterization is a crucial step to confirm their role in cancer predisposition.
Chiral visible light metasurface patterned in monocrystalline silicon by focused ion beam
Authors: Gorkunov Maxim V. , Rogov Oleg Y. , Kondratov Alexey V. , Artemov Vladimir V. , Gainutdinov Radmir V. , Ezhov Alexander A.
Published: July 2018

High refractive index makes silicon the optimal platform for dielectric metasurfaces capable of versatile control of light. Among various silicon modifications, its monocrystalline form has the weakest visible light absorption but requires a careful choice of the fabrication technique to avoid damage, contamination or amorphization. Presently prevailing chemical etching can shape thin silicon layers into two-dimensional patterns consisting of strips and posts with vertical walls and equal height. Here, the possibility to create silicon nanostructure of truly tree-dimensional shape by means of the focused ion beam lithography is explored, and a 300 nm thin film of monocrystalline epitaxial silicon on sapphire is patterned with a chiral nanoscale relief. It is demonstrated that exposing silicon to the ion beam causes a substantial drop of the visible transparency, which, however, is completely restored by annealing with oxidation of the damaged surface layer. As a result, the fabricated chiral metasurface combines high (50–80%) transmittance with the circular dichroism of up to 0.5 and the optical activity of up to 20° in the visible range. Being also remarkably durable, it possesses crystal-grade hardness, heat resistance up to 1000 °C and the inertness of glass.
Profiling of the TCRβ repertoire in non-model species using high-throughput sequencing
Authors: Migalska Magdalena , Sebastian Alvaro , Radwan Jacek
Published: July 2018

In recent years, immune repertoire profiling with high-throughput sequencing (HTS) has advanced our understanding of adaptive immunity. However, fast progress in the field applied mostly to human and mouse research, with only few studies devoted to other model vertebrates. We present the first in-depth characterization of the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in a non-model mammal (bank vole,Myodes glareolus), widely used in ecological and evolutionary research. We used RNA from spleens, 5′RACE and HTS to describe V and J segments of TCRβ, qualitatively characterize preferential V–J segment usage and CDR3 length distribution. Overall orthology to murine genes was preserved, with 11 J and 37 V genes found in voles (although 3 V genes lacked a close orthologue). Further, we implemented unique molecular identifiers for quantitative analysis of CDR3 repertoire with stringent error correction. A conservative, lower bound estimation of the TCRβ repertoire was similar to that found for mice (1.7–2.3 × 105clonotypes). We hope that by providing an easy-to-follow molecular protocol and on-line bioinformatics tools that do not require reference sequences (AmpliTCR and AmpliCDR3), we will encourage HTS immune repertoire profiling in other non-model vertebrates, thus opening new research avenues in e.g. comparative immunology, ecology and evolutionary biology.
Inequality as information: Wealth homophily facilitates the evolution of cooperation
Authors: Johnson Tim , Smirnov Oleg
Published: July 2018

Free-riding produces inequality in the prisoners’ dilemma: cooperators suffer costs that defectors avoid, thus putting them at a material disadvantage to their anti-social peers. This inequality, accordingly, conveys information about a social partner’s choices in past game play and raises the possibility that agents can use the aggregation of past payoffs—i.e. wealth—to identify a social partner who uses their same strategy. Building on these insights, we study a computational model in which agents can employ a strategy—when playing multiple one-shot prisoners’ dilemma games per generation—in which they view other agents’ summed payoffs from previous games, choose to enter a PD game with the agent whose summed payoffs most-closely approximate their own, and then always cooperate. Here we show that this strategy of wealth homophily—labelled COEQUALS (“CO-operate with EQUALS”)—can both invade an incumbent population of defectors and resist invasion. The strategy succeeds because wealth homophily leads agents to direct cooperation disproportionately toward others of their own type—a phenomenon known as “positive assortment”. These findings illuminate empirical evidence indicating that viewable inequality degrades cooperation and they show how a standard feature of evolutionary game models—viz. the aggregation of payoffs during a generation—can double as an information mechanism that facilitates positive assortment.
Efficient homology-directed gene editing by CRISPR/Cas9 in human stem and primary cells using tube electroporation
Authors: Xu Xiaoyun , Gao Dongbing , Wang Ping , Chen Jian , Ruan Jinxue , Xu Jie , Xia Xiaofeng
Published: July 2018

CRISPR/Cas9 efficiently generates gene knock-out via nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), but the efficiency of precise homology-directed repair (HDR) is substantially lower, especially in the hard-to-transfect human stem cells and primary cells. Herein we report a tube electroporation method that can effectively transfect human stem cells and primary cells with minimal cytotoxicity. When applied to genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9 along with single stranded DNA oligonucleotide (ssODN) template in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), up to 42.1% HDR rate was achieved, drastically higher than many reported before. We demonstrated that the high HDR efficiency can be utilized to increase the gene ablation rate in cells relevant to clinical applications, by knocking-out β2-microglobulin (B2M) in primary human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs, 37.3% to 80.2%), and programmed death-1 (PD-1) in primary human T cells (42.6% to 58.6%). Given the generality and efficiency, we expect that the method will have immediate impacts in cell research as well as immuno- and transplantation therapies.
Molecular profiling of single axons and dendrites in living neurons using electrosyringe-assisted electrospray mass spectrometry
Authors: Xu Mingchen , Pan Rongrong , Zhu Yue , Jiang Dechen , Chen Hong-Yuan
Published: July 2018

Electrosyringe-assisted electrospray mass spectrometry (MS) is established for the first time to achieve intracellular sampling from one axon or dendrite in living neurons for mass spectrometric analysis.
Automated 4-sample protein immunoassays using 3D-printed microfluidics
Authors: Kadimisetty Karteek , Spak Andrew P. , Bhalerao Ketki S. , Sharafeldin Mohamed , Mosa Islam M. , Lee Norman H. , Rusling James F.
Published: July 2018

A 3D-printed microfluidic array detects 2 proteins in 4 samples at very low cost with downloadable plans
Pro-guest and acyclic cucurbit[n]uril conjugated polymers for the controlled release of anti-tumor drugs
Authors: Jiang Siyang , Lan Shang , Mao Dake , Yang Xuan , Shi Kejia , Ma Da
Published: July 2018

We report “pro-guest” and acyclic cucurbit[n]uril conjugated polymers as supramolecular drug delivery systems (DDSs).
Hygroscopicity of lithium coordination polymers and their solid solutions
Authors: Lestari Monica , Lusi Matteo , O'Leary Aoife , O'Nolan Daniel , Zaworotko Michael J.
Published: July 2018

Lithium-based coordination polymers and their solid solutions are synthesised and investigated from a pharmaceutical perspective. In particular, the hygroscopicity is measured as a function of composition showing two different behaviours.
Understanding dissolution process of chitin crystal in ionic liquids: theoretical study
Authors: Uto Takuya , Idenoue Satoshi , Yamamoto Kazuya , Kadokawa Jun-ichi
Published: July 2018

Dissolution process of chitin in ionic liquids is comprehensively simulated by molecular dynamics.
Hybridization induced metallic and magnetic edge states in noble transition-metal-dichalcogenides of PtX2(X = S, Se) nanoribbons
Authors: Liu Shan , Liu Ziran
Published: July 2018

In the present work, a nanoribbon with two parallel metallic and magnetic edges was designed from a noble TMD 1T-PtX2(X = S, Se) by employing first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT).
Tuning Schottky barriers for monolayer GaSe FETs by exploiting a weak Fermi level pinning effect
Authors: Liu Nanshu , Zhou Si , Gao Nan , Zhao Jijun
Published: July 2018

Monolayer gallium selenide (GaSe), an emerging two-dimensional semiconductor, holds great promise for electronics and optoelectronics.
Polyoxometalate-based Gemini ionic catalysts for selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol with hydrogen peroxide in water
Authors: Hao Pengbo , Zhang Mingjie , Zhang Wei , Tang Zhiyang , Luo Ni , Tan Rong , Yin Donghong
Published: July 2018

Polyoxometalate-based Gemini ionic hybrids with inherent phase transfer capability are highly efficient and recyclable catalysts in the selective oxidation of alcohols with H2O2 in water.
Exploring diversity in platinum(iv) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes: synthesis, characterization, reactivity and biological evaluation
Authors: Bouché Mathilde , Bonnefont Antoine , Achard Thierry , Bellemin-Laponnaz Stéphane
Published: July 2018

Platinum(iv) complexes bearing N-heterocyclic carbene ligands have been synthesized and displayed reduction to biologically active Pt(ii) in the presence of a bioreductant.
Lanthanide extraction selectivity of a tripodal carbamoylmethylphosphine oxide ligand system
Authors: Patterson Michael G. , Mulville Andrew K. , Connor Emily K. , Henry Alyssa T. , Hudson Michael L. , Tissue Kirsten , Biros Shannon M. , Werner Eric J.
Published: July 2018

Lanthanide extraction selectivity is attained by variation of the ligand structure and extraction conditions for a series of CMPO-based ligands.
Chemopreventive effects of some popular phytochemicals on human colon cancer: a review
Authors: Zhao Yueliang , Hu Xiaoqian , Zuo Xinyuan , Wang Mingfu
Published: July 2018

The present review summarizes (1) the epidemiology and etiology of colon cancer, (2) generalized cancer chemoprotective mechanisms, and (3) the chemopreventive properties of some popular phytochemicals as well as some phytochemicals developed by our research group recently.
A glass-based, continuously zonated and vascularized human liver acinus microphysiological system (vLAMPS) designed for experimental modeling of diseases and ADME/TOX
Authors: Li Xiang , George Subin M. , Vernetti Lawrence , Gough Albert H. , Taylor D. Lansing
Published: July 2018

We developed a glass based, vascularized human biomimetic liver MPS recreating oxygen zonation present in the liver acinus.
Preparation of Ag nanoparticles using hydrogen peroxide as a reducing agent
Authors: Nishimoto Masamu , Abe Shigeaki , Yonezawa Tetsu
Published: July 2018

The particle growth mechanism and antibacterial property of Ag nanoparticles prepared by H2O2 reduction was firstly discussed.
The effect of solvent on one-dimensional cadmium coordination polymers
Authors: Notash Behrouz , Rezaei Kheirkhah Bahareh
Published: July 2018

We transformed one one-dimensional coordination polymer directly to another by carrying out a dissolution–recrystallization structural transformation (DRST).
Host-sensitized sharp samarium emission from doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles as non-cytotoxic photostable reporters for live-cell imaging
Authors: Debnath Gouranga H. , Bhattacharya Saurav , Adhikary Arghya , Mukherjee Prasun
Published: July 2018

This work introduces APTMS capped Ti(Sm)O2 nanoparticles as reporters for live-cell imaging with negligible cytotoxicity and resistance to photobleaching.
Robust half-metallicity in transition metal tribromide nanowires
Authors: Li Sheng-shi , Wang Ya-ping , Hu Shu-jun , Chen Duo , Zhang Chang-wen , Yan Shi-shen
Published: July 2018

Intrinsic half-metallicity with considerable Curie temperature is predicted in 3d transition-metal tribromide NWs.
Efficient green phosphorescent Ir(iii) complexes with β-diketonate ancillary ligands
Authors: Liu Xiaoxiao , Liu Ying , Yu Tianzhi , Su Wenming , Niu Yuying , Li Yanmei , Zhao Yuling , Zhang Hui
Published: July 2018

Three new iridium complexes with β-diketonate ancillary ligands were synthesized as emissive materials for organic light-emitting devices.
Bromide-catalyzed electrochemical trifluoromethylation/cyclization of N-arylacrylamides with low catalyst loading
Authors: Jiang Yang-Ye , Dou Gui-Yuan , Xu Kun , Zeng Cheng-Chu
Published: July 2018

An electro-generated trifluoromethyl radical mediated by a bromide ion is efficiently applied to the trifluoromethylarylation/cyclization of N-arylacrylamides.
Rhamnazin attenuates inflammation and inhibits alkali burn-induced corneal neovascularization in rats
Authors: Yu Yao , Zhou Xue-Zhi , Ye Lei , Yuan Qing , Freeberg Shelby , Shi Ce , Zhu Pei-Wen , Bao Jing , Jiang Nan , Shao Yi
Published: July 2018

The purpose of our study was to determine whether rhamnazin inhibits corneal neovascularization in the rat alkali burn model, and alleviates the inflammatory response of the cornea.
Synergistic effect of temperature and background counterions on ion-exchange equilibria
Authors: Shibukawa Masami , Yanagisawa Masaru , Morinaga Ryota , Shimasaki Tomomi , Saito Shingo , Wang Shao-ting , Feng Yu-qi
Published: July 2018

Metal ions in cation-exchange resins are dehydrated by interionic contacts with a co-existing counterion at elevated temperatures, which causes a drastic change in separation selectivity.
Effect of solvophobicity on the phase behavior of linear ABC triblock copolymers in selective solvents: a Monte Carlo study
Authors: Gao Zhihua , Cui Jie , Han Yuanyuan , Jiang Wei
Published: July 2018

The solvophobicity difference and incompatibility between different solvophobic blocks determine the overall shapes and micro-structures of micelles formed by linear ABC terpolymers.
Correction: A lab-on-a-chip for preconcentration of bacteria and nucleic acid extraction
Authors: Hügle M. , Dame G. , Behrmann O. , Rietzel R. , Karthe D. , Hufert F. T. , Urban G. A.
Published: July 2018

Correction for ‘A lab-on-a-chip for preconcentration of bacteria and nucleic acid extraction’ by M. Hügle et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 20124–20130.
Rapid, non-invasive characterization of the dispersity of emulsionsviamicrowaves
Authors: Yan Yuqiang , Gonzalez-Cortes Sergio , Yao Benzhen , Slocombe Daniel R. , Porch Adrian , Cao Fahai , Xiao Tiancun , Edwards Peter P.
Published: July 2018

Here we report an entirely new method for the non-intrusive interrogation and characterisation of emulsions based on the microwave cavity perturbation technique.
An “all-in-one” antitumor and anti-recurrence/metastasis nanomedicine with multi-drug co-loading and burst drug release for multi-modality therapy
Authors: Yang Ji-Chun , Shang Yue , Li Yu-Hao , Cui Yu , Yin Xue-Bo
Published: July 2018

A simple multi-modality therapy with multi-drug co-loading and burst drug release for a high curative effect and anti-recurrence/metastasis was reported.
Boosting the thermoelectric performance of p-type heavily Cu-doped polycrystalline SnSe via inducing intensive crystal imperfections and defect phonon scattering
Authors: Shi Xiaolei , Zheng Kun , Hong Min , Liu Weidi , Moshwan Raza , Wang Yuan , Qu Xianlin , Chen Zhi-Gang , Zou Jin
Published: July 2018

In this study, we, for the first time, report a high Cu solubility of 11.8% in single crystal SnSe microbelts synthesized via a facile solvothermal route.
Hydrogen-bonded perylene bisimide J-aggregate aqua material
Authors: Grande Vincenzo , Soberats Bartolome , Herbst Stefanie , Stepanenko Vladimir , Würthner Frank
Published: July 2018

A water-soluble perylene bisimide dye self-assembles in aqueous media into thermoresponsive aqua materials with photoluminescence within the biological transparency window.
Cu@TiO2 Janus microswimmers with a versatile motion mechanism
Authors: Wang LinLin , Popescu Mihail N. , Stavale Fernando , Ali Astrid , Gemming Thomas , Simmchen Juliane
Published: July 2018

We report novel metal-capped TiO2 photochemically-active colloids endowed with a ‘hybrid drive’: directional motion is achieved in water upon UV illumination, as well as in dilute peroxide solutions upon illumination with UV or visible light.
Co-assemblies of polydiacetylenes and metal ions for solvent sensing
Authors: Wu Si , Pan Libin , Huang Youju , Yang Ni , Zhang Qijin
Published: July 2018

Metal ions change the stimuli-responsive properties of their co-assemblies with polydiacetylenes, which enables the use of such materials in solvent sensing.
Influence of perfluorinated ionomer in PEDOT:PSS on the rectification and degradation of organic photovoltaic cells
Authors: Howells Calvyn T. , Saylan Sueda , Kim Haeri , Marbou Khalid , Aoyama Tetsua , Nakao Aiko , Uchiyama Masanobu , Samuel Ifor D. W. , Kim Dong-Wook , Dahlem Marcus S. , André Pascal
Published: July 2018

Fluorinated additives in PEDOT:PSS slow organic solar cell degradation and the underlying mechanisms and potentials are discussed.
In situ growth of (NH4)2V10O25·8H2O urchin-like hierarchical arrays as superior electrodes for all-solid-state supercapacitors
Authors: Jiang Yingchang , Jiang Le , Wu Zeyi , Yang Peiyu , Zhang Haitao , Pan Zhichang , Hu Linfeng
Published: July 2018

(NH4)2V10O25·8H2O urchin-like hierarchical structures were grown in situ on highly conductive nickel foam substrates as advanced electrodes for asymmetric supercapacitors, the performance of which exceeds that of most recently reported vanadates and polyvanadates.
[Cu(P^P)(N^N)][PF6] compounds with bis(phosphane) and 6-alkoxy, 6-alkylthio, 6-phenyloxy and 6-phenylthio-substituted 2,2′-bipyridine ligands for light-emitting electrochemical cells
Authors: Alkan-Zambada Murat , Keller Sarah , Martínez-Sarti Laura , Prescimone Alessandro , Junquera-Hernández José M. , Constable Edwin C. , Bolink Henk J. , Sessolo Michele , Ortí Enrique , Housecroft Catherine E.
Published: July 2018

Bright and stable LECs with [Cu(P^P)(N^N)][PF6] complexes containing 6-alkoxy- or 6-phenyloxy-2,2′-bipyridine ligands.
Improved breakdown strength and energy storage density of a Ce doped strontium titanate core by silica shell coating
Authors: Qi Junlei , Cao Minghe , Heath James P. , Dean Julian S. , Hao Hua , Yao Zhonghua , Yu ZhiYong , Liu Hanxing
Published: July 2018

Improved breakdown strength and energy storage density of a core–shell structure with a high permittivity core and a highly insulating shell.
Lead induces the up-regulation of the protein arginine methyltransferase 5 possibly by its promoter demethylation
Authors: Ghosh Krishna , Chatterjee Biji , Kanade Santosh R.
Published: July 2018

The studies on lead (Pb) exposure linking to epigenetic modulations are caused by its differential actions on global DNA methylation and histone modifications. These epigenetic changes may result in increased accessibility of the transcription factors to promoter DNA-binding elements leading to activation and expression of the gene. The protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) and its partner methylosome protein 50 (MEP50) together catalyze the mono- and symmetric dimethylation of arginine residues in many histone and non-histone protein substrates. Moreover, it is overexpressed in many forms of cancer. In the present study, the effects of Pb on the PRMT5 and MEP50 expression and formation of the symmetrically dimethylated arginine (SDMA), the catalytic product of the PRMT5–MEP50 complex were analyzed in vitro after exposing the A549 and MCF-7 cells. The results show that exposure to 0.1 and 1 µM of Pb strongly enhanced the expression of both PRMT5 and MEP50 transcript and protein leading to increased SDMA levels globally with H4R3 being increasingly symmetrically dimethylated in a dose-dependent manner after 48 h of Pb exposure in both cell types. The methylation-specific PCR also revealed that the CpG island present on the PRMT5 promoter proximal region was increasingly demethylated as the dose of Pb increased in a 48-h exposure window in both cells, with MCF-7 being more responsive to Pb-mediated PRMT5 promoter demethylation. The bisulfite sequencing confirmed this effect. The findings therefore indicate that Pb exposure increasing the PRMT5 expression might be one of the contributing epigenetic factors in the lead-mediated disease processes as PRMT5 has a versatile role in cellular functions and oncogenesis.
Structure of the γ–ε complex of cyanobacterial F1-ATPase reveals a suppression mechanism of the γ subunit on ATP hydrolysis in phototrophs
Authors: Murakami Satoshi , Kondo Kumiko , Katayama Shinya , Hara Satoshi , Sunamura Ei-ichiro , Yamashita Eiki , Groth Georg , Hisabori Toru
Published: July 2018

F1-ATPase forms the membrane-associated segment of F0F1-ATP synthase — the fundamental enzyme complex in cellular bioenergetics for ATP hydrolysis and synthesis. Here, we report a crystal structure of the central F1 subcomplex, consisting of the rotary shaft γ subunit and the inhibitory ε subunit, from the photosynthetic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1, at 1.98 Å resolution. In contrast with their homologous bacterial and mitochondrial counterparts, the γ subunits of photosynthetic organisms harbour a unique insertion of 35–40 amino acids. Our structural data reveal that this region forms a β-hairpin structure along the central stalk. We identified numerous critical hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions between residues in the hairpin and the rest of the γ subunit. To elaborate the critical function of this β-hairpin in inhibiting ATP hydrolysis, the corresponding domain was deleted in the cyanobacterial F1 subcomplex. Biochemical analyses of the corresponding α3β3γ complex confirm that the clinch of the hairpin structure plays a critical role and accounts for a significant interaction in the α3β3 complex to induce ADP inhibition during ATP hydrolysis. In addition, we found that truncating the β-hairpin insertion structure resulted in a marked impairment of the interaction with the ε subunit, which binds to the opposite side of the γ subunit from the β-hairpin structure. Combined with structural analyses, our work provides experimental evidence supporting the molecular principle of how the insertion region of the γ subunit suppresses F1 rotation during ATP hydrolysis.
d Rhamnose β-hederin reverses chemoresistance of breast cancer cells by regulating exosome-mediated resistance transmission
Authors: Chen Wei-xian , Xu Ling-yun , Qian Qi , He Xiao , Peng Wen-ting , Fan Wen-qiang , Zhu Yu-lan , Tang Jin-hai , Cheng Lin
Published: July 2018

d Rhamnose β-hederin (DRβ-H), an active component extracted from the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Clematis ganpiniana, has been reported to be effective against breast cancer. Recent studies have also indicated that the isolated exosomes (D/exo) from docetaxel-resistant breast cancer cells MCF-7 (MCF-7/Doc) were associated with resistance transmission by delivering genetic cargo. However, the relevance of D/exo during DRβ-H exposure remains largely unclear. In the present work, exosomes were characterized by morphology and size distribution. We reinforced the significant role of D/exo in spreading chemoresistance from MCF-7/Doc to recipient sensitive cells after absorption and internalization. DRβ-H could reduce the formation and release of D/exo. Next, we demonstrated that DRβ-H was able to reverse docetaxel resistance and that D/exo was responsible for DRβ-H-mediated resistance reversal. We also found that DRβ-H could decrease the expressions of several most abundant miRNAs (miR-16, miR-23a, miR-24, miR-26a, and miR-27a) transported by D/exo. Target gene prediction and pathway analysis showed the involvement of these selected miRNAs in pathways related to treatment failure. Our results suggested that DRβ-H could reduce D/exo secretion from MCF-7/Doc cells and induce the reduction in resistance transmission via D/exo.
GNA14 silencing suppresses the proliferation of endometrial carcinoma cells through inducing apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest
Authors: Wang Jing , Lv Xiao , Xu Feixue , Wei Min , Liu Cuiping , Yang Yongxiu
Published: July 2018

Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecological malignancy. The pathological factors triggering this disease are largely unknown. Although the role of guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit α (GNA) 11 (GNA11) in melanoma has been described, the involvement of GNA14 in endometrial carcinoma remains to be determined. Here, we found that GNA14 expression was increased in endometrial carcinoma tissues compared with simple hyperplasia tissues. Based on lentivirus-mediated knockdown assay, we showed that GNA14 silencing significantly suppressed the proliferation of both HEC-1-A and Ishikawa cells. The caspase 3/caspase 7 activity and apoptosis were enhanced by GNA14 knockdown. GNA14 depletion led to cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. In addition, Apoptosis Array analysis revealed that caspase-3 and Fas were up-regulated by GNA14 knockdown. Our study suggests that GNA14 silencing blunts endometrial carcinoma cell proliferation. Targetting GNA14 may bring help for the patients of endometrial carcinoma.
Development of a biodegradable antifibrotic local drug delivery system for glaucoma microstents
Authors: Stahnke Thomas , Siewert Stefan , Reske Thomas , Schmidt Wolfram , Schmitz Klaus-Peter , Grabow Niels , Guthoff Rudolf F. , Wree Andreas
Published: July 2018

To prevent implant failure due to fibrosis is a major objective in glaucoma research. The present study investigated the antifibrotic effects of paclitaxel (PTX), caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), and pirfenidone (PFD) coated microstent test specimens in a rat model. Test specimens based on a biodegradable blend of poly(4-hydroxybutyrate) biopolymer and atactic poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (at.P(3HB)) were manufactured, equipped with local drug delivery (LDD) coatings, and implanted in the subcutaneous white fat depot. Postoperatively, test specimens were explanted and analyzed for residual drug content. Fat depots including the test specimens were histologically analyzed. In vitro drug release studies revealed an initial burst for LDD devices. In vivo, slow drug release of PTX was found, whereas it already completed 1 week postoperatively for CAPE and PFD LDD devices. Histological examinations revealed a massive cell infiltration in the periphery of the test specimens. Compact fibrotic capsules around the LDD devices were detectable at 4–36 weeks and least pronounced around PFD-coated specimens. Capsules stained positive for extracellular matrix (ECM) components. The presented model offers possibilities to investigate release kinetics and the antifibrotic potential of drugs in vivo as well as the identification of more effective agents for a novel generation of drug-eluting glaucoma microstents.
LINK-A lncRNA promotes migration and invasion of ovarian carcinoma cells by activating TGF-β pathway
Authors: Ma Jiezhi , Xue Min
Published: July 2018

Introduction: LINK-A lncRNA is a well-characterized oncogenic lncRNA only in triple negative breast cancer. Our study was carried out to investigate the possible involvement of LINK-A lncRNA in ovarian carcinoma. Methods: Expression of LINK-A in ovarian biopsies and plasma of both ovarian carcinoma patients and healthy females was detected by qRT-PCR. Plasma TGF-β1 was detected by ELISA. Correlation between plasma LINK-A and TGF-β1 was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Correlation between plasma LINK-A and patients’ clinicopathological data was analyzed by Chi-square test. LINK-A overexpression vector was transfected into cells of human ovarian carcinoma cell lines. Cell migration and invasion were detected by Transwell migration and invasion assay. TGF-β1 expression was detected by Western blot. Results: We found that LINK-A and TGF-β1 were up-regulated in ovarian carcinoma patients than in healthy controls. Plasma levels of LINK-A were positively correlated with plasma TGF-β1 in ovarian carcinoma patients but not in healthy controls. Plasma levels of LINK-A were correlated with distant tumor metastasis but not tumor size. LINK-A overexpression led to up-regulated TGF-β1 in ovarian carcinoma cells and promoted cell migration and invasion. In contrast, TGF-β1 treatment showed no effects on LINK-A expression but attenuated the effects of LINK-A overexpression on cell migration and invasion. Conclusions: We conclude that LINK-A lncRNA may promote migration and invasion of ovarian carcinoma cells by activating TGF-β pathway.
Sensitivity of gravito-inertial modes to differential rotation in intermediate-mass main-sequence stars
Authors: Van Reeth T. , Mombarg J. S. G. , Mathis S. , Tkachenko A. , Fuller J. , Bowman D. M. , Buysschaert B. , Johnston C. , García Hernández A. , Goldstein J. , Townsend R. H. D. , Aerts C.
Published: July 2018

Context. While rotation has a major impact on stellar structure and evolution, its effects are not well understood. Thanks to high-quality and long-time base photometric observations obtained with recent space missions, we are now able to study stellar rotation more precisely.

Aims. We aim to constrain radial differential rotation profiles inγDoradus (γDor) stars, and to develop new theoretical seismic diagnosis for such stars with rapid and potentially non-uniform rotation.

Methods. We have derived a new asymptotic description which accounts for the impact of weak differential near-core rotation on gravity-mode period spacings. The theoretical predictions are illustrated from pulsation computations with the code GYRE and compared with observations ofγDor stars. When possible, we also derived the surface rotation rates in these stars by detecting and analysing signatures of rotational modulation, and computed the core-to-surface rotation ratios.

Results. Stellar rotation must be strongly differential before its effects on period spacing patterns can be detected, unless multiple period spacing patterns can be compared. Six stars in our sample exhibit a single unexplained period spacing pattern of retrograde modes. We hypothesise that these are Yanai modes. Finally, we find signatures of rotational spot modulation in the photometric data of eight targets.

Conclusions. If only one period spacing pattern is detected and analysed for a star, it is difficult to detect differential rotation. A rigidly rotating model will often provide the best solution. Differential rotation can only be detected when multiple period spacing patterns have been found for a single star or its surface rotation rate is known as well. This is the case for eight of the stars in our sample, revealing surface-to-core rotation ratios between 0.95 and 1.05.
Kepler Object of Interest Network
Authors: Freudenthal J. , von Essen C. , Dreizler S. , Wedemeyer S. , Agol E. , Morris B. M. , Becker A. C. , Mallonn M. , Hoyer S. , Ofir A. , Tal-Or L. , Deeg H. J. , Herrero E. , Ribas I. , Khalafinejad S. , Hernández J. , Rodríguez S. M. M.
Published: July 2018

Context. The Kepler Object of Interest Network (KOINet) is a multi-site network of telescopes around the globe organised to follow up transiting planet-candidate Kepler objects of interest (KOIs) with large transit timing variations (TTVs). Its main goal is to complete their TTV curves, as the Kepler telescope no longer observes the original Kepler field.

Aims. Combining Kepler and new ground-based transit data we improve the modelling of these systems. To this end, we have developed a photodynamical model, and we demonstrate its performance using the Kepler-9 system as an example.

Methods. Our comprehensive analysis combines the numerical integration of the system’s dynamics over the time span of the observations along with the transit light curve model. This provides a coherent description of all observations simultaneously. This model is coupled with a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm, allowing for the exploration of the model parameter space.

Results. Applied to the Kepler-9 long cadence data, short cadence data, and 13 new transit observations collected by KOINet between the years 2014 and 2017, our modelling provides well constrained predictions for the next transits and the system’s parameters. We have determined the densities of the planets Kepler-9b and 9c to the very precise values of ρb = 0.439 ± 0.023 g cm−3 and ρc = 0.322 ± 0.017 g cm−3. Our analysis reveals that Kepler-9c will stop transiting in about 30 yr due to strong dynamical interactions between Kepler-9b and 9c, near 2:1 resonance, leading to a periodic change in inclination.

Conclusions. Over the next 30 years, the inclination of Kepler-9c (-9b) will decrease (increase) slowly. This should be measurable by a substantial decrease (increase) in the transit duration, in as soon as a few years’ time. Observations that contradict this prediction might indicate the presence of additional objects in this system. If this prediction turns out to be accurate, this behaviour opens up a unique chance to scan the different latitudes of a star: high latitudes with planet c and low latitudes with planet b.
The impact of street cleaning on particulate matter air concentrations: a case study of a street canyon in Krakow (Poland)
Authors: Bogacki Marek , Oleniacz Robert , Rzeszutek Mateusz , Szulecka Adriana , Mazur Marian
Published: July 2018

The paper presents the impact of the cleaning of a dual carriageway located in a street canyon in Krakow (Southern Poland) on the levels of the PM10 and PM2.5 air concentrations. For this purpose, representative dust samples from the analysed street were collected corresponding to the street cleaning situation, the re-entrained road dust PM10 and PM2.5 emissions were estimated in accordance with the U.S. EPA guidelines, and the particulate matter atmospheric dispersion modelling was carried out using the CALINE4 model for a selected episode of street cleaning. The modelling results were compared with the measurement results of the PM10 and PM2.5 air concentrations obtained from the air quality monitoring station (traffic type) located in the middle of this street canyon. The results of the air dispersion modelling in the canyon zone confirmed the strong impact of street cleaning on the temporary (1-hour) PM10 concentrations in the direct vicinity of the cleaned section depending on meteorological conditions. During the cleaning episode, no significant increase in the PM2.5 concentration in the air was observed.
Water load pattern in a production hall
Authors: Dudkiewicz Edyta , Żabnieńska-Góra Alina
Published: July 2018

The actual volume of water consumption in the various industrial halls is very diverse. Many factors have an impact on that value, depending on the demand for: domestic, fire-fighting, technologically specific target and other purposes. The demand for domestic water in the production hall is primarily due to the use of showers, wash basins and flush toilets. Workplaces should be appropriately equipped with hygienic and sanitary facilities, depending on its degree of soiling, type of work and gender. The water flow is relevant for dimensioning the water supply system including the diameter selection of the water pipes. Criterion for selection of the diameter is the flow velocity of the water which varies depending on the manufacturer’s guidelines, the material used and the law. The article analyses the dynamics of load pattern of hot water in industrial halls. The methods of flow calculation in production halls based on an analysis of patterns available in literature and the water flow velocity criteria is discussed. The results of the research of the dynamics of water load pattern in a production hall located in Wroclaw is presented and discussed.
A wastewater retention canal as a sewage network and accumulation reservoir
Authors: Dziopak Józef
Published: July 2018

The paper presents an innovative retention canal for storm sewage as a competitive solution in relation to the ones currently used. The principle of operation of the retention canal, the conditions of its use in a sewage network and the basis for dimensioning were presented. To demonstrate its versatility and retention efficiency, comparative studies on the example of a drained catchment were carried out. A linear network layout composed of 12 storm canals with the retention reservoir located at the network outlet was assumed. Based on the developed algorithm, simulation tests were performed with the use of the SWMM 5.1 program. On the basis of hydrodynamic modelling it was determined: (1) the required geometry of storm canals, (2) the geometry of damming partitions and (3) the process of wastewater accumulation in the retention canal. Having the results of simulation research for rainfalls with a duration of 10 to 100 minutes, the critical rainfalls for network and retention canal dimensioning were determined. The comparison of hydrographs of sewage outflow from the examined catchment is interesting. From the value of 3.62 m3/s in the network it decreases three times to just 1.16 m3/s at the outlet of the retention canal. The retention canal with diameters identical to those established for the network, allow achieving the sewage retention capacity, which corresponds to a capacity of 1,844 m3 for a multi-chamber retention reservoir. Thus, the retention canal fully replaces the operation of a network of certain geometry and retention reservoir. The results of the research allowed the formulation of a number of important conclusions, including conclusions on cognitive significance. The critical rainfall appointed for the design of the retention canal always lasts longer than that, determined for the sewage network design. The retention canal is suitable for widespread use in the canals of new and already existing storm sewage systems and combined sewage systems.*
An analysis of the categories regarding the probability of an operational failure of sewers
Authors: Kuliczkowska Emilia , Bąba Katarzyna
Published: July 2018

The aim of the paper is to present proposals for the determination of the operational failure probability categories of sewers. It includes the results of a review of eleven classifications for assessing the technical condition of sewer pipes used in some countries in Europe, North America, Asia and Australia. The result of the analysis is to indicate differences between the recommendations formulated in the guidelines, resulting from the types of defects and the accepted classes. The key conclusion highlights that the application of different classification methods to assess the operational state of sewer pipes contributes to the receiving of discrepancies in their assessment. Consequently, different priorities are indicated for subsequent inspection and maintenance as well as contradictory forecasts of potential failures. The original element of the work is to present discrepancies in the assessment of three types of defects (roots, sediments, protruding connections) occurring in sewers, assessed according to selected classifications, as well as proving the necessity to undertake work aimed at determining correct recommendations, and enabling a reliable assessment of the operational condition.
The removal of organic compounds from landfill leachate using ozone-based advanced oxidation processes
Authors: Leszczyński Jacek , Maria Jolanta Walery
Published: July 2018

In this study, the application of ozonation and ozonation with hydrogen peroxide processes for landfill leachate treatment was investigated. The effluents were characterized by COD 710 mgO2/dm3 and BOD5 72 mg O2/dm3. According to the adopted indicators, the determined BOD/COD ratio of 0.1 in raw leachates indicates a stabilized landfill. Ozone was applied at doses of 0.15 - 0.6 gO3/dm3, and hydrogen peroxide at such doses to keep the weight ratios of H2O2/O3 0.4 - 1.6. The maximum COD and UV absorbance removal was respectively 29% and 51% by applying a high ozone dose of 0.6 gO3/dm3. After oxidation, the ratio of BOD/COD was increased from 0.1 up to 0.3. It has been shown that by using hydrogen peroxide in ozonation, organic compounds expressed as COD can be efficiently removed from the effluents. The best conditions for the H2O2/O3 process were obtained with a H2O2/O3 ratio of 0.8 and ozone dose of 0.6 gO3/dm3. Under these conditions, the removal efficiency of COD was 46%.
The role of wastewater treatment plants in surface water contamination by plastic pollutants
Authors: Mrowiec Bozena
Published: July 2018

The aim of this paper was to review the literature data regarding the physico-chemical characteristic of plastic pollutants discharged with municipal sewage, the practical possibility of removing microplastic particles from wastewater during different treatment steps in WWTPs and the problem of surface water contamination within them. Microplastics (the size range of 1 nm to < 5 mm), have been recognized as an emerging threat, as well as an ecotoxicological and ecological risk for water ecosystems. Municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are mentioned as the main point sources of microplastics in an aquatic environment. Microplastic particles can be effectively removed in the primary treatment zones via solids skimming and sludge settling processes. Different tertiary treatment processes such as: gravity sand filtration, discfilter, air flotation and membrane filtration provide substantial additional removal of microplastics, and the efficiency of wastewater treatment process can be at a removal level of 99.9%. Nevertheless, given the large volumes of effluent constantly discharged to receivers, even tertiary level WWTPs may constitute a considerable source of microplastics in the surface water.
The irregularity of water consumption in settlements with varying numbers of inhabitants
Authors: Ogiołda Ewa , Nowogoński Ireneusz
Published: July 2018

The article presents an analysis of water consumption in selected settlement units of Lower Silesia and Lubuskie Provinces, with the number of inhabitants varying from less than 200 to more than 8000. Based on data over several years, values characterizing water consumption in individual systems were calculated, i.e., the indicator of water consumption per capita as well as hourly and daily irregularity coefficients. Consumption during various time frames – in individual months of the year, days of the week and hours of the day - was also compiled. The obtained results were the bases for comparison with values provided by Guidelines, which are the basis for calculating for water demand; and Regulation, which is the basis for billing water consumption, as well as with the results of other authors. Tendencies characterizing water consumption in the subsequent years were also indicated. A typical weekly and daily (24-hour) course of consumption was observed, with the course being characteristic of small settlements with varying numbers of inhabitants.
A comparative analysis of air pollutant concentrations and inflow trajectories: a case study of selected cities in South-Eastern Poland
Authors: Oleniacz Robert , Gorzelnik Tomasz , Szulecka Adriana
Published: July 2018

The paper presents a comparison of air pollutant concentrations in three cities in South-Eastern Poland (Krakow, Tarnow and Rzeszow) using statistical analyses and backward trajectory modelling (the HYSPLIT model). The analyses were based on particulate matter (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) levels as well as meteorological data from year 2017. The performed analyses revealed, among others, that the PM10 and SO2 concentrations in the air depend on the season of the year, while the NO2 concentrations are seasonally independent, which is mainly associated with emissions from road transport. Air quality in the analysed cities depends on local meteorological conditions and the structure of emission sources, including the inflowing background. The most unfavourable situation regarding high concentrations of PM10 and NO2 occurs in Krakow. For all analysed urban background stations very similar low SO2 air concentrations are observed which proves the decreasing significance of emissions from coal combustion sources.