bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of nano inorganic fertilizer application on rice (Oryza sativa L) productivity
Authors: Rostaman T , Wibowo H , Nurjaya
Published: February 2021

Lowland rice production has experienced fluctuation and stagnation due to uncertain climatic factors and lowering soil fertility. Use nano fertilizer has the advantage of being more reactive, can reach target or target due to its fine size, as well required in small quantities. So that agricultural results can be achieved optimally. The research aims to test the effectiveness of inorganic fertilizers containing nano-meter-sized Ca for plant growth and rice yield. The research was carried out at farmland of PT. Sang Hyang Seri (Persero) in the dry season 2018. The study used a randomized block design with 8 treatments and each had 4 replications. The treatment consists of two levels of dilution of nano inorganic fertilizers, 200 and 400 times, which were applied to treatments without fertilizer, NPK + Urea fertilization 100% and 75%. Nano inorganic fertilizers are given by spraying on the lower rice leaves, in sunny weather conditions between the hours of 07.00 to 10:00 am. The results showed that the use of nano inorganic fertilizer application with 400 times dilution on 75% NPK + Urea fertilization recommendation was able to increase the weight of milled dry grain by 11.3% when compared to 100% NPK + Urea fertilization.
N, P and K fertilization response on maize in Vertisols in Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Samijan  , Minarsih S , Hindarwati Y
Published: February 2021

One of the key factors for the success of maize production is nutrient adequacy through efficient fertilization. To determine the effectiveness of fertilization, a study was conducted to determine the response of maize to N, P, K fertilization on Vertisols. The research was conducted during 3 seasons (2014-2016) in Central Java. The study used omission plots with 5 replications. The fertilizers used for the study were N 200, P2O5 30 to 35, and K2O 75 to 100 kg ha−1. The observed data consisted of climate, soil and yield, and were analyzed descriptively. Vertisols soil in the research location has a heavy clay texture, alkaline pH, low soil organic C and N, high content of Ca, Mg and bases saturation, and cracked in the dry season. The results showed that the average yield from the plot -N (1.8), -P (8.5), -K (8.9), and +NPK (10.0) t ha−1. Based on the data, maize has the highest response to N fertilizer, followed by P and K. The response of maize to N, P, K fertilizers in Vertisols respectively N (8.1), P2O5 (1.5) and K2O (1.0) t ha−1. The agronomic efficiency of N and P fertilization was 41 and 44 kg kg−1, while K was 11 kg kg−1.
Soil erosion prediction in Cilebak – Cirasea Micro Watershed, Indonesia
Authors: Yustika R D , Ariani R , Mandaya I
Published: February 2021

Soil erosion impact on land degradation could threaten soil and water quality. In the mountainous area, soil erosion resulted in losses of topsoil, which containing high nutrients. The study area was located in Cilebak-Cirasea Micro Watershed, Bandung Regency, Indonesia. Landuses in this area were secondary forest (12%), upland agriculture (84%), and paddy field (4%). The objectives of this study were to assess soil erosion and study best management practices (BMP) effect to reduce soil erosion. Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) was used to estimate soil erosion with support from Geographic Information System (GIS). USLE parameters, which consist of erosivity, erodibility, slope length, steepness, crop, and soil management, were used to estimate soil erosion. BMP scenarios consist of application raised bed that parallel to contour lines and combination of raised bed that parallel to contour lines and straw mulch addition of 3 and 6 Mg ha−1 year−1. The result indicated that soil erosion rate under current condition was 45.4 Mg ha−1 year−1, which exceeding the tolerable soil loss. All BMP scenarios showed their effectiveness in reducing soil erosion. Proposed BMP to minimize soil erosion rate could probably be able to support government in arranging policies for maintaining or restoring crop productivity for sustainable agriculture.
A statistical model for remediation plan of endosulfan-contaminated lowland rice fields with agricultural waste
Authors: Harsanti E S , Ardiwinata A N , Zulaehah I , Hidayah A
Published: February 2021

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) compounds are still found in agricultural land in Indonesia. One of them is α-endosulfan which is a potent insecticide in the green revolution era. Remediation of agricultural contaminated land is needed to be a sustainable benefit. The purpose of the research is to develop a statistical model of sustainable remediation with agricultural waste in α-endosulfan-contaminated lowland rice fields. The study was conducted from June 2015 to May 2016 with experimental methods in the screenhouse. The experiment used a completely randomized design (CRD) with seven treatments of combinations of biochar-compost manure, and three replications. The results showed different equation models in the first planting season and the second planting season. The model illustrates that α-endosulfan contamination 0.16 mg g−1 can be reduced to be below MRL by adding biochar-compost ratio 1:4. The availability of organic matter and total bacteria in the soil can reduce α-endosulfan residues. Both factors should be managed by increasing their availability in the soil. In the second season, organic C content in the soil did not significantly affect α-endosulfan residues that had been below MRL. The statistical model of α-endosulfan contaminated-land remediation can be used to plan the remediation of a pesticide-contaminated land, especially endosulfan.
A dynamic model for managing urban waste in Bogor City, West Java Province
Authors: Budiyanto A
Published: February 2021

Urban waste is threatening the natural environment and sustainability of Bogor City, West Java Province, Indonesia. To overcome this issue, the government have tried several short-term approaches and implemented several long-term policies as a countermeasure. However, the large amount of daily waste and its unpredictable pattern have made trash management difficult. As a continuation in terms of looking further for sustainable solutions to this problem, this study aimed to establish its dynamic model, which is expressed as a system approach study of the interrelations among the related elements. The study method used consisted of a simulation model using a dynamic system. The system model was created with the help of the Powersim Studio 10 Express software. Causal Loops Diagram and Stock-Flow Diagram are used to study the system. A cause circumference diagram is created by determining the significant variables in the system and connecting them depending on the interaction. The simulation result can be seen as table and line graph. A validation system needs to be done on the system model. This research is expected to be useful for various parties related to urban waste management.
Adsorption capacity of chelating agent to adsorb lead and arsenic
Authors: Sulastri B N , Apriyani S , Zu’amah H , Ardiwinata A N , Purbalisa W
Published: February 2021

The contamination of soils with heavy metals due to rapid industrialization, modern farming practices, and poor treatment of waste can damage the environment include agricultural lands. The excess concentration of heavy metals in soil should be minimized and removed for environment safety and agriculture sustainability. Remediation using adsorbent to remove heavy metal is a beneficial method for rehabilitating the contaminated site. The study aimed to determine the adsorption capacity of several chelating agents to adsorb heavy metals Lead (Pb) and Arsenic (As). The chelating agents used are chitosan, biochar-compost, zeolites, ammonium thiosulfate, and EDTA. The adsorption capacity was determined by applying the Langmuir isotherm model by varying the concentration of Pb and As at (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 100, 200, 400) mg kg−1. The adsorbed concentration of Pb and As was measured by AAS. The results revealed that zeolite has the highest maximum adsorption capacity for Pb and As of 5,000 mg kg−1 and 3,333.33 mg kg−1, respectively. Based on this study, biochar-compost, chitosan, zeolite, ammonium thiosulfate, and EDTA have potential as remediators for polluted agricultural land, and further research is needed.
The selection strategy of optimized arrays for 3-D electrical resistivity tomography
Authors: Jiang Lincheng , Tian Gang , Wang Bangbing , El-Raouf Amr Abd
Published: February 2021

Within electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), the selection of arrays and electrode locations can effectively enhance the resolution of imaging. By properly selecting and optimizing the survey design, a better resolution will be obtained with fewer electrodes and configurations than traditional arrays. Previous work has demonstrated that the optimized survey design using the ‘Compare R’ method can provide better resolution than conventional arrays. This paper adds target-oriented selection and modified the original ‘Compare R’ method. The modified method first selects the target area in the comprehensive data sets, then optimizes the choice by the modified CR method, and finally combines the optimization results of multiple sets of target areas. For the target area, this method can select fewer electrodes and arrays than the original CR method, get better resolution than conventional arrays, and take less calculation time.
Remove the HFM noise by using Wavelet Neural Network
Authors: Wu Xin , Xue Guoqiang , Zhou Zhou , Yang Zhao
Published: February 2021

During the HTEM signal processing we found that some kind of short-term noise till remained after the conventional denoising procedure. It is called high frequency motion-induced noise according to the research on its induced mechanism and time-frequency features. In this paper, we propose an approach to suppress the high frequency motion-induced noise based on wavelet neural network. The method uses high frequency motion-induced noise in dominance as a sample and then trains the wavelet neural network by it. After processing the field data, it is considered that the method proposed in this paper can effectively suppress the high frequency motion noise and the processing results build a good data foundation for subsequent processing.
Study on reflection spherical wave at the near surface
Authors: Tao Yonghui
Published: February 2021

In real seismic surveys, seismic wave propagates in the form of spherical wave and plane wave is the approximations of spherical wave in the far-field and for high frequencies. The traditional seismic processing and interpretation methods based on the plane wave theory are not exact. Furthermore the difference between the plane wave and spherical wave is strong, especially in the near surface. Studying the characteristics of reflection spherical wave near the surface can develop more accurate wave theory. In this paper, a two-layer model with a high-velocity upper layer is built to analyze the spherical reflection wave characteristics. Tests show when the incident angle reaches a certain level, there will be an irregular wave, the pseudo-spherical wave, following the main reflection spherical wave, which has a great influence on the main reflection wave. This discovery has enriched our understanding of wave propagation theory and it has important guiding significance for accurate study on wave phenomena.
Electromagnetic Noise Reduction in GREATEM Signal Using Singular Value Decomposition in a Junkyard
Authors: Guo Ming , Wang Xuben , Zhang Zhenxiong
Published: February 2021

The grounded electrical source airborne transient electromagnetic system (GREATEM) is a popular geophysical method in recent years [1], has advantages such as convenience, high efficiency, large detection range, high signal-to-noise ratio, and good spatial resolution. However, since the GREATEM transient electromagnetic secondary field electromagnetic response belongs to a wide-band signal and a large attenuation amplitude, late-stage data is easily contaminated by multiple noises, which will seriously affect the results of the inversion interpretation of the data. Therefore, it is still meaningful to study the de-noising methods for GREATEM’s data. According to the characteristics of the secondary field electromagnetic response, the singular value decomposition method is used to process the theoretical synthesized signal containing white Gaussian noise. The singular value decomposition and reconstruction of the effective singular value and its corresponding vector are performed, and the analog signal is restored for the purpose of denoising. Then process the measured data of a landfill site. Whether it is viewed from the transient electromagnetic secondary field attenuation curve or the electromagnetic induction profile curve, it can be seen that the singular value decomposition is very useful in denoising. Finally, comparing the effect of singular value decomposition method on the inversion results, the study found that this method can effectively improve the quality of inversion imaging.
Using fuzzy C-means Clustering to Identify Heavy Metal Polluted Soil in a Certain Area of Shanghai
Authors: Xu Yuhan , Zhang Luolei , Yu Peng , Zhao Chongjin
Published: February 2021

Fuzzy clustering is an important branch of fuzzy pattern recognition, which has been widely used in many fields such as data mining, image processing, big data analysis and so on. Among many fuzzy clustering algorithms, fuzzy c-means algorithm is the most widely used. In this paper, the fuzzy c-means clustering is applied to the identification of polluted soil. To solve the problem of determining the optimal number of clusters for this method, the method we choose is obtaining an initial clustering result firstly and then merging. Based on the important characteristic of fuzzy c-means method that the objective function of fuzzy c-means clustering decreases rapidly as the number of clusters increases, and the rate become slow after exceeding the optimal number of clusters, we choose the clustering result whose objective function is reduced to a certain degree as the initial clustering result. Then use the parameter estimation method in statistics to estimate the distance between classes, determine the reasonable range of distance between classes, combine the initial classification results, and finally perform the final clustering results according to the clustering validity function. Evaluation and experiments prove the feasibility and effectiveness of the scheme.
Integrated development of aeromagnetic system based on UAV platform and its application in mineral resources exploration
Authors: Su Zhenning , Jiao Jian , Lin Tao , Jiang Dandan , Zhou Shuai
Published: February 2021

The geophysical measurement method based on the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) platform is an emerging branch of airborne geophysical technology. Based on the unmanned helicopter platform, this paper develops a set of aeromagnetic field measurement system and used it in the field of mineral resources exploration with complex terrain condition. The aeromagnetic survey of the crisis mines in the Maanshan area of China was carried out using a UAV aeromagnetic measurement system. Three-dimensional inversion of the underground geologic structure was carried out, and discover the magnetite deposits in the deep and peripheral areas of the mining areas, which provided technical support for determining the drilling position for the crisis mine secondary exploration.
Three-dimensional structural characteristics of the Zhaxikang ore-concentration area based on multiple attribute constraints
Authors: Jiang Xin , Wang Xuben , Li Guangming , Jiao Yanjie , Min Gang , Kong Fantao , Zhang Xiecheng , Cai Panpan
Published: February 2021

The Zhaxikang ore-concentration area (ZOCA) is in the Gangdese metallogenic belt in the southern Tibet Plateau. It has huge prospecting potential. Most of the mineral resources on the Gangdese metallogenic belt are controlled by the dome and fault. The deep structure and the coupling relationship between the Cuonadong dome and the deep structure are of great significance for understanding ore-controlling structures and hydrothermal channels. Existing studies have been controversial in the study of whether there are hidden structures in the deep part of the Zhaxikang deposit, and whether the Cuonadong dome extends to the bottom of the Zhaxikang deposit in the Gangdese metallogenic belt. Therefore, we comprehensively analyzed a large number of gravities, magnetic, and magnetotelluric data in the Zhaxikang area and carried out a fusion display of multiple information in the Zhaxikang ore-concentration area. Understand the relationship between the Cuonadong dome, fault system and deep hydrothermal channel through fusion display to analyze the background of Zhaxikang metallogenesis. The deep structure of the Cuonadong dome was identified, and it was found that there was a hidden structure at the bottom of Zhaxikang that was not connected to the Cuonadong dome. These findings are a great significance for further theoretical research and breakthroughs in ore prospecting.
Application of Semi-Airborne Transient Electromagnetic Method in Ancient River Area
Authors: Zhang Zhenxiong , Xie Xiaoguo , Yi Guocai , Wang Xuben
Published: February 2021

Semi-airborne transient electromagnetic method (SATEM) is a new type of transient electromagnetic measurement method. Compared with the ground transient electromagnetic system, the system has the characteristics of convenience, high efficiency, large detection range, repeatable observation, high lateral resolution, etc. At the same time, this ground-space model shows that this method is suitable for detecting missions in mountainous and undulating terrain, and has obvious advantages in dividing underground space structure. In this paper, the theory of semi-airborne transient electromagnetic method is systematically studied and forward modeling is used to simulate the diffusion law of the end value under different resistivity and the characteristics of the response curve under different influencing factors of G model. The identification capability of SATEM for multi-layer model is verified by theoretical inversion, which lays a foundation for the practical application of SATEM in an ancient river channel. Finally, the application of SATEM to an example of an ancient river channel verifies the practicability and efficiency of the method, and the detection results are in good agreement with the local geological data.
An adaptive reversible jump MCMC inversion algorithm for airborne time-domain electromagnetic data
Authors: Yu Xiaodong , Wang Xuben , Lu Congde , Wang Yuhang
Published: February 2021

The reversible jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm is a trans-dimensional Bayesian inversion method, which can not only obtain the best inversion solution, but also provide the uncertainty information of inversion parameters, so as to effectively evaluate the reliability of inversion results. However, in trans-dimensional Bayesian inversion, the step size of model sampling has a great influence on the efficiency and precision of inversion. To solve the selection problem of sampling step size, this paper presents an adaptive reversible jump MCMC inversion algorithm for airborne time-domain electromagnetic data. In this method, the sampling step length is automatically adjusted in the sampling process through the data fitting error of each sampling model, so as to avoid the influence of unreasonable sampling step size and improve the acceptance rate of model sampling. The validity of the proposed method is verified by inversion test on the synthetic data and compared with the regularized inversion results. The inversion results demonstrate that the adaptive reversible jump MCMC inversion algorithm can improve the acceptance rate of model sampling and the accuracy of inversion results.
A new software for gravity gradiometry data forwarding and inversion
Authors: Hou Zhenlong , Wei Jikang , Liu Xinwei
Published: February 2021

A new software has been developed specially for gravity gradiometry data forwarding and joint inversion. It is developed with hybrid programming technique and some powerful function libraries, including language of Python and C, Matplotlib, PyQt and so on. The software could help the users with graphical user interface, implement the data import/export and some management, the simple visualization in 2/3 dimension, modeling for gravity exploration data, and 3D density inversion. One of the advantages of this software is combining the popular development techniques to make the research of the forwarding and inversion easily, another one is simple secondary development, which allows the users to add their algorithms to the platform. The software is mainly used for the teaching and scientific research purposes, suitable for the geophysical scientists, engineers and graduate student.
Synthesis and characterization of metal-organic framework (MOF) CoBTC as a non-enzymatic electrochemical biosensor for glucose
Authors: Abrori S A , Trisno M L A , Aritonang R A , Anshori I , Nugraha  , Suyatman  , Yuliarto B
Published: February 2021

Diabetes mellitus is one of the highest causes of death globally, caused by high glucose levels in the blood. Thus, monitoring glucose levels in the blood becomes very important. Non-enzymatic glucose detection is currently an emerging research area, one of which uses Metal-Organic Material (MOF), which has advantages such as having a large surface area and having many micropores. The purpose of this study was to synthesize MOF CoBTC and see its performance as a glucose sensor. The synthesis method used is the solvothermal method, while the sensor performance testing method uses an electrochemical method. The solvothermal method of the CoBTC was carried out at a temperature of 100°C, and the duration of synthesis of 10 hours. The structural characterization of the synthesized samples by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) Surface Area Analyzer showed that we successfully synthesized CoBTC. Furthermore, the electrochemical characterization via cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometry results showed the sensor's optimal working potential at 0.4 V, the sensitivity of 53.455 μA mM-1 cm-2 and the limit of detection (LOD) at 5.49 μM.
A graphene-modified Co-BDC metal-organic frameworks (Co-MOF) for electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose sensing
Authors: Yuniasari R , Amri F , Abrori S A , Septiani N L W , Rezki M , Irzaman  , Fahmi M Z , Yuliarto B
Published: February 2021

In this work, a metal-organic framework (MOF) based on cobalt was decorated with graphene and used as a sensing material for glucose determination with electrochemical principles. The selection of Co-MOF material is based on its porous nature, large surface area, and excellent electrochemical properties. The combination of Co-MOF with graphene (high conductivity) effectively increased the electrochemical sensor current. The fabricated composite owned the good crystallinity with graphene particles attached to the Co-MOF surface. The biosensing performance was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) with 0.1 M NaOH solution as the bolstering electrolyte. The electrochemical measurement indicated that the prepared materials possessed a well-moved transfer electron between the electrode surface and electrolyte solution. The Co-BDC-3Gr sample obtained the best electrochemical performance with the lowest limit of detection (LOD) of 5.39 μM and the highest sensitivity of 100.49 μA mM-1 cm-2. The selectivity test of the modified Co-MOF was done by comparing the response with other compounds such as dopamine, uric acid, and NaCl. The acquired biosensor had excellent stability, with 93% of the initial response after 30 days of storage.
Design of Piezo-Resistive Type Acoustic Vector Sensor using Graphene for Underwater Applications
Authors: Prabhu Smitha , Pai Amrita B , Arora Gurumukh Singh , Kusshal M R , Pandin Veera , Goutham M A
Published: February 2021

In recent years as the level of radiated noise of submarine drastically got decreased, the requirement of underwater acoustic sensor has become essential for the detection of low frequency acoustic signal. The latest advancement in the field of underwater sensors is the Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) sensor. The major advantage of this sensor being determination of directionality along with the measurement of pressure of an acoustic signal. The biological inspiration behind the design of the sensor was derived from fish lateral line sensing system, with piezoresistive transduction principle to obtain the objective of miniaturization and low frequency signal detection. In this paper, we are reporting the design, simulation of an underwater two-dimensional MEMS acoustic vector sensor which exhibits better sensitivity, flexibility when compared to the traditional acoustic vector sensor. In this work, thin film of piezoresistve material, Reduced Graphene Oxide (Rgo) is taken as pressure sensing element instead of traditional polysilicon material and its performance in terms of sensitivity and directivity is analysed. MEMS acoustic vector sensors using Reduced Graphene Oxide and polysilicon were simulated on flexible kapton and silicon substrate respectively using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.5 vesrion. The simulation results indicates that designed vector sensor based on MEMS technology and piezoresistive effect of rGO on flexible kapton substrate is feasible and possesses better sensitivity of -149.47 dB when compared to the sensitivity of -171.37 dB of polysilicon based traditional acoustic vector sensor. The simulated value of eigen frequency of the sensor is found as around 47Hz, which almost matches with the theoretical value of resonance frequency of the sensor as per the design considerations of the sensor and hence capable of detecting low frequency acoustic signals.
Simulation of exhaust gas energy recovery system using turbocompounding for a motorcycle engine
Authors: Joshi Srivatsa S , Deshpande Aditya
Published: February 2021

The project aims to recover the energy from the waste exhaust gas and utilize it for application such as battery charging of hybrid electric vehicles. The concept used for energy recovery is electric turbo-compounding which encompasses a turbine integrated with the exhaust manifold of an automobile. The exhaust gases are allowed to expand through the surface of blades of the turbine imparting the energy which can be seen by rotational action of impeller. This motion is captured by a motor generative unit which then produces electric power. The performance of the exhaust gas energy recovery system is simulated on a 390cc motorcycle engine using MATLAB Simulink. The engine was simulated using standard practical low loading and high loading drive cycles such as FTP72, FTP75 (city driving cycles) and US06 (highway driving cycle). Results from the simulation indicate a considerable amount of energy recovery from the exhaust gases of an engine under the above-mentioned driving cycles. Considering the amount of energy recovered, the next focus is to optimize the current system.
Effective Load Management System for Sudden Shutdown Avoidance of Stand Alone Photovoltaic Operation
Authors: Isa Nuratiqah Mohd , Bakar Amirah Nurhafizah Abu , Sarif Nurul Husna Mohd , Karim Mohamad Shaiful Abdul , Shah Ahmad Syahiman Mohd
Published: February 2021

Stand-alone system is the system that operates independently of the electrical grid. Conventionally, the energies absorbed through photovoltaic modules are stored in batteries to reserve for night-time use. Moreover, the function of batteries in stand-alone system is to stabilize the output supplied for the load particularly during the fluctuating circumstance. Sudden shutdown of dedicated photovoltaic system during this period may occur when the storage of batteries approaches empty level which may significantly degrade the lifespan and performance of the batteries. In this study, a sequential load switching system is introduced in order to over-come the sudden shutdown of storage battery-based photovoltaic system. The developed system is mainly equipped with Arduino, MOSFETs and DC bulbs as microcontroller, high-speed switching and load, respectively. As a result, the proposed sequential load switching method is highly effective since it has successfully extended the standby time period up to approximately 27 times longer, before the system shutdowns at the cut-off voltage.
Crystal structure and optical properties of non-vacuum solution-based processed Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin-film
Authors: Nugroho H S , Refantero G , Prima E C , Panatarani C , Suyatman  , Nugraha N , Yuliarto B
Published: February 2021

Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) material has emerged as an attractive material for the absorber layer in solar cells application. CZTS has similar properties with its successful predecessor CIGS, but CZTS offers the advantage of low-cost constituents, material abundance, and nontoxicity. We fabricated CZTS thin-film using non-vacuum solution-based process and then the deposition process using the spin-coating technique in the present work. Afterward, we observed that the CZTS thin-film was successfully fabricated with kesterite structure crystal with an optical bandgap of 1.56 eV. We also confirmed that the CZTS thin-film exhibit a high light-harvesting efficiency at a low wavelength suitable for the solar cells application's absorber layer.
A non-uniform excitation Antenna array with defected ground structures for Dual-band 5G mm-wave Applications
Authors: Shashi Kumar D , Suganthi S
Published: February 2021

In this paper, the authors present a non-uniform excitation antenna array with defected ground structures for 28GHz and 40GHz mm-wave applications. The proposed antenna array is simulated using HFSS Ver. 18.2 to analyze the radiation and reflection characteristics. Authors used RT Duroid (εr
= 2.2) with a thickness of 0.782 mm to design the antenna array. To improve the gain and bandwidth, Defected Ground structures are used in the proposed design. Use of Dolph Chebyshev distribution of excitation amplitudes miniaturized the antenna array. The proposed design exhibited a fractional BW of 23.33% and 5.56% at 28GHz and 40 GHz respectively. A peak gain of 8.88 dB and 7.7 dB at 28 GHz and 40 GHz respectively is observed in the simulation results.
Optimum Location of DG for Loss Reduction with Ant Colony Algorithm
Authors: Omar Saodah , Manan Muhammad Nasrullah Abdul , Siam Muhammad Naqib Mat , Samat Ahmad Asri Abd , Daud Kamarul Azhar
Published: February 2021

The ability of the Distributed Generation (DG) to solve problems such as power system deregulation and power demand problems appropriate to its purpose, which is to inject electricity in a distributed manner at a point close to the load, causes the distributed generation to become the latest trend in electricity generation technology. Proper position of distributed generation is necessary in order to achieved maximum benefit from DG, which could be due to an incorrect allocation of DG sources to the power network would not only result in increased power losses, but could also jeopardize the operation of the system. This paper introduces an ACO-algorithm for optimal location of DGs using a real network in one of a rural area of Malaysia. The method is used to determine the effectiveness of DG by comparing the losses of power and the improvement of the voltage profile. As for the confirmation to the ACO method, another method known as brute force method is use to compare the data gain as validation purposes.
Synthesis, identification, antibacterial, and dyeing applications of complexes of hexadentate (N4O2 donor) Schiff base ligands derived from curcumin with some transition and non–transition metal cations
Authors: Ali A M , Al-Noor T H
Published: February 2021

Schiff base ligand (H2CANPT) was prepared by two steps: first, by the condensation of curcumin with 4-amino antipyrin produces4,4′-(((1E,3Z,5Z,6E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-diylidene)bis(azanylylidene))bis(1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one) (CANP). Second, by the condensation of (CANP) with L-tyrosine produces2,2′-(((3Z,3′Z)-(((1E,3Z,5Z,6E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta 1,6-diene-3,5-diylidene)bis(azanylylidene))bis(1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-3-H-pyra-zole-4-yl-3-ylidene))bis(azanylylidene))bis(3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid) (H2CANPT). The resulted Schiff comported as hexadentate coordinated with (N4O2) atoms, then it was treated with some transition and non-transaction metal ions, such as (Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), Hg(II) chloride and Ag(I) as nitrate to synthesize complexes. All the prepared compounds were identified using FT-IR, UV-visible, elemental analysis (C.H.N), 1H and 13C-NMR, molar conductivity and magnetic susceptibility. Schiff base and its complexes were tested against two types of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia Coli). Besides, they were tested as dyes on cotton fibres.
Elastomeric composites for Arctic conditions: operation features and development experience
Authors: Petrova N N , Portniagina V V , Mukhin V V , Dyakonov A A , Ivanova S F , Timofeeva E N , Morozov A V , Okhlopkova A A
Published: February 2021

Operation of elastomeric materials in the extreme climatic conditions of the North is complex and expensive, since not always existing materials can provide the required level of low-temperature characteristics (down to - 60 °C). This leads to failure of machines and mechanisms, equipment downtime, additional costs for repair or replacement of elastomeric parts. This study investigates the features of elastomeric composites operation in cold climates and the results of full-scale tests with simultaneous exposure to naturally low temperatures and hydrocarbon environments in Yakutia (Siberia, Russia). It presents the main principles of creating elastomeric composites for sealing purposes with high frost resistance and examples of recent developments. To obtain elastomeric materials of high frost and oil resistance new rubbers of high frost resistance as Hydrin T6000 epichlorohydrin rubber (Tg = - 60 °C), and traditional rubbers (nitrile etc) were used. For elastomer modification we used carbon nanotubes, collagen hydrolysate and polymer mixtures. Different type of developed materials is a double-layer material based on ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethene (UHMWPE) and nitrile-butadiene rubber-based elastomeric composite. The effect of diphenylguanidine on the interaction of UHMWPE with elastomeric composite based on nitrile butadiene rubber and adhesion at the interface was investigated. The operating properties were studied by standard methods and the structure of the obtained materials was studied using electron microscopy.
Characteristics of magnetic parameters of granular samples with various relative length
Authors: Sandulyak A A , Sandulyak A V , Ershova V A , Sandulyak D A , Polismakova M N , Tkachenko R Y
Published: February 2021

The experimental data of magnetic flux and induction in ferromagnetic granular samples (filling of balls with 8mm diameter in a cylindrical container with diameter D = 40mm) have been obtained with various relative lengths of samples L/D = 1-16 in a magnetizing field with strength range H = 9.4-47.2kA/m. These data have been used to determine the corresponding dependencies families of magnetic permeability, susceptibility, and magnetization, as well as the demagnetizing factor data of such samples. The absence of magnetic saturation of granular (as opposed to solid) magnetics in the considered range H has been revealed (by analyzing the trend of induction field dependencies and especially magnetization). From the experiment, it is evident that in this range H field dependencies of such parameters, as magnetic permeability and susceptibility demonstrate weakly expressed non-sharp extreme. From the experiment, it is also evident that for the studied samples (as quasisolid magnetics) the transition value L/D=[L/D] = 10-12, i.e., significantly lower than for solid samples, particularly those made of steel. The dependence of demagnetizing factor data on L/D has been obtained for “short” samples (1 ≤ L/D < [L/D]). In addition, eligibility of approximation by exponential expression has been shown for this data.
Synergistic Effect of H2O2 Addition on Gamma Radiolytic Decoloration of Some commercial Dye Solutions
Authors: Fartode Anoop P , Fartode S A , Shelke Tushar R , Parwate D V
Published: February 2021

Gamma radiations have emerged as a potential tool to degrade and decolorize the industrial effluents containing synthetic dyes in eco friendly and efficient manner. The dose and exposure time required to achieve the efficient decolration are quite high using gamma radiations alone during gamma radiolysis of synthetic dyes. Studies have revealed that, it can be brought down significantly on addition of H2O2 as it enhances the degree of decoloration. This happens due to the formation of highly oxidizing •OH radicals that are formed due to rapid reaction of H2O2with hydrated electrons formed during radiolysis of water. Further as the dose of H2O2 increases, extent and rate of decoloration also increases up to a certain value referred to as critical dose. But further increase in dose of H2O2 beyond this critical value affects the extent of decoloration adversely. In present communication, the gamma radiation induced decoloration of Methylene Blue, Malachite Green and Indigo Carmine dyes was achieved using various doses of H2O2. It was observed that, the value of H2O2 Critical dose required for efficient decoloration varies from dye to dye indicating its dependence on structure and concentration of dye solutions.
Preparation & characterization of CuS thin films via spray pyrolysis technique for photovoltaic applications.
Authors: Mary Pradeepa V , Kesavan K
Published: February 2021

Copper Sulphide (CuS) is a p-type semiconductor material widely used in photovoltaic applications. CuS thin films have been coated on a glass substrate at 300°C by spray pyrolysis technique. Copper Sulphate in different concentrations with constant concentration of Thiourea (without any complexing agent) was used as a precursor to fabricate the films. The different properties of the films were characterized. Their structural properties were done by X-ray diffraction. XRD analysis showed that the films are high crystalline in nature. The morphological properties were done by SEM and EDX. The atomic percentage of CuS particles were recorded by EDX. The optical properties were studied by UV-Spectrometer in visible to infrared region. The band gap value of the film varied from 2.2eV to 2.7 eV with the different concentration of Copper Sulphate.
Job Assignment Problem Using Union Group Graph Labelling
Authors: Sarika S G , kumari P.V Usha
Published: February 2021

Let SG
be the group and SG
be a collection of subgroups of SG
Then the union group graph of SG
is a graph denoted by U(SG) whose vertex set is SG
itself and two vertices Li
and Lj;i≠ j in SG
are adjacent if and only if either Li
⊆ Lj
or Lj
⊆ Li for i ≠ j. A graph G is said to be union group graph on SG
if U(SG) ≅ G for some collection SG
of subgroups of SG
. This paper describes a simple union group labelling applied in job assignment problem. The task problem related to union group labelling is one of the fundamental combinatorial problems in the branch of optimization. Key words-union group graph, groups, bipartite graph, job assignment problem
Design, Synthesis of E-N-substituted-dichlorobenzylidene-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethanamine Schiff bases derivative and their DFT studies
Authors: Jeyashri KR , Dhineshkumar E , Logeshwari G , Enbaraj E , Ramyadevi VJ , Manikandana H , Seenivasan M , Rajathi V , Chakkaravarthy J , Govindaraju R
Published: February 2021

Three Schiff bases were synthesized with ethanamine through the reaction of various benzaldehydes. The characterization of these compounds was carried out using IR spectroscopy, molecular measurements, thin-layer chromatography, melting point determination, and other physical attributes. IR spectra show the frequency of stretching from 1619 to 1626 cm−1 for imino groups (C=N) that are typical of Schiff bases. The spectral findings obtained were confirmed by molecular observations using the density functional theory (DFT) based on B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) and were carried out prior to experimental work. In order to approximate the relative stability and reactivity of synthesized compounds 1-3, global descriptors of DFT chemical reactivity were measured and used. Furthermore, compounds 1-3, MEP maps, and orbitals of the molecular frontier were carried out and the results obtained were consistent with the electronic properties. DFT measurements indicate a strong correlation with Schiff bases derived from chemical reactivity descriptors.
Interpolatory projection technique for Riccati-based feedback stabilization of index-1 descriptor systems
Authors: Uddin Mahtab , Monir Uddin M , Hakim Khan M A , Rahman Md Motlubar
Published: February 2021

The work aims to stabilize the unstable index-1 descriptor systems by Riccati-based feedback stabilization via a modified form of Iterative Rational Krylov Algorithm (IRKA), which is a bi-tangential interpolation-based technique. In the basic IRKA, for the stable systems the Reduced Order Models (ROMs) can be found conveniently, but it is unsuitable for the unstable ones. In the proposed technique, the initial feedback is implemented within the construction of the projectors of the IRKA approach. The solution of the Riccati equation is estimated from the ROM achieved by IRKA and hence the low-rank feedback matrix is attained. Using the reverse projecting process, for the full model the optimal feedback matrix is retrieved from the low-rank feedback matrix. Finally, to validate the aptness and competency of the proposed technique it is applied to unstable index-1 descriptor systems. The comparison of the present work with two previous works is narrated. The simulation is done by numerical computation using MATLAB, and both the tabular method and graphical method are used as the supporting tools of comparative analysis.
Electrosynthesis of Cu/hydroxyapatite as the catalyst for hydrogen production via NaBH4 hydrolysis
Authors: Nur A , Nazriati N , Fajaroh F , Arthaningrum A , Nurcahyani I , Cipto D L R P , Kurniawan F
Published: February 2021

Synthesis of Cu/hydroxyapatite by electrochemical was studied. These particles used as the catalyst for hydrogen production via NaBH4 hydrolysis. The work aimed to study how the current density and the electrolysis time during catalyst synthesis affect the generation of hydrogen via the hydrolysis kinetics of NaBH4. Catalyst synthesis was carried out in an electrochemical cell separated by the membrane bipolar. Electrolysis was carried out at various current densities (67, 133 and 200 mA/cm2) and various electrolysis times (30, 60, and 90 minutes). This research shows that at high current density and electrolysis time, the peak intensity of the XRD Cu and CuO patterns was low and the peak intensity of the hydroxyapatite pattern was high. Hydrogen production by hydrolysis of NaBH4 is better for catalysts that are synthesized at high current density and electrolysis time.
Effect of fly ash and bottom ash on the ratio of splitting tensile strength to compressive strength of concrete
Authors: Mahajan Lomesh , Bhagat Sariputt
Published: February 2021

The construction industry has suffers from extra ordinary utilization of cement and sand in all the part of globe. For overcome the future scarcity issue partial replacement to cement with option of fly ash material and fine aggregate or sand with bottom ash prove better solution. For this study, effect of different water cement ratio mainly 0.5, 0.55, 0.6 evaluated on binder content 300kg/m3 of concrete. f/c (fly ash/cement) ratio also taken into account with wide range as 0, 0.11, 0.25, 0.43, 0.67 and 1.0. The mechanical strength of concrete specimens evaluated. The traditional practice generally neglected the issue of splitting to compressive ratio(ft/fc). In this experimental investigation, the value of ft/fc ratio found between ranges 6.76 to 11. This range are principally important for fly ash + bottom ash involvement in concrete for determining mechanical strength which has interlink to each other.
Seismic analysis of various combinations of irregularities in a structure
Authors: Prakash Boddu Venkata Sai , Vibhav Brungi Sri , Narayana Jinka Lakshmi
Published: February 2021

One of the important governing parameters of the seismic performance of a structure is its irregularities. There are many types of irregularities such as geometric irregularities, mass irregularities, irregularities due to varied column shapes and dimensions, etc. It is very evident that these irregularities are seen in every project in this contemporary world. We have to acknowledge that there is a tremendous scope for these irregularities to exist in combinations. Although there has been extensive literature on various irregularities and their combination, it was evident that authors restricted themselves to limited combinations. This paper investigates the seismic response of a multi-storeyed building induced with combinations of irregularities by varying the seismic parameters using STAAD Pro. Various configurations of mass and torsion irregularities in combination with other irregularities were induced in the structure and results of seismic response using response spectrum methods were assessed to arrive at novel solutions.
Effect of multiwalled carbon nanotube incorporation in modulus elasticity of concrete with partial replacement of cement with flyash
Authors: Ashwini B , Vidiveli B
Published: February 2021

The aim of this research article is to analyze the effects of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube incorporation in the concrete and to discuss the significance of the changes in the mechanical property. In addition the cement replacement was also done. Hence in this research the combined effect will be analysed. The three different proportions such as 0.025%, 0.05% and 0.075% of incorporations were made along with 20% replacement of cement with Class-F flyash. The most important part in incorporation of MWCNTs in concrete is dispersion or surface decoration. It was done with Poly-Carboxylic Ether solution and magnetic stirring. After specimens casting and 28 days of immersed curing the specimens were tested for the elastic modulus of concrete.
Spatial Analysis and Mapping of Groundwater Quality in Uppal Kalan, Hyderabad
Authors: Hari Durgasrilakshmi , Rudraksh Goud Y , Meghana Dodla
Published: February 2021

Water is an essential element intended for the continued survival of life on the planet earth in which groundwater is the chief sources of drinking and other uses. Groundwater quality will become essentially important in water scarce areas. The study considered is in Uppal Kalan area, which comes under Medchal-Malkajgiri District of Telangana State. The present study carried out to analyse the physicochemical parameters of groundwater quality such as pH, Turbidity, Colour, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Conductivity, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Fluoride, Potassium, Phosphate, Nitrate, Chloride and Sulphate for 50 sample well locations. The results of Physicochemical analysis are spatially analysed and mapped using Geographic Information System (GIS) interpolation techniques to visualize the groundwater quality status in the study area. Spatial analysis showed that the groundwater is highly contaminated and the majority of quality parameters are not within the BIS Standards of drinking. Even for domestic use proper treatment is necessary as Colour, Conductivity, Total Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Fluoride, Phosphate, Nitrate and Sulphate are at higher levels. Hence, the study area has an exceptional concern about groundwater quality and requires periodic pollution monitoring.