bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutrient and salt depletion synergistically boosts glucose metabolism in individual Escherichia coli cells
Authors: Glover Georgina , Voliotis Margaritis , Łapińska Urszula , Invergo Brandon M. , Soanes Darren , O’Neill Paul , Moore Karen , Nikolic Nela , Petrov Peter G. , Milner David S. , Roy Sumita , Heesom Kate , Richards Thomas A. , Tsaneva-Atanasova Krasimira , Pagliara Stefano
Published: April 2022

The interaction between a cell and its environment shapes fundamental intracellular processes such as cellular metabolism. In most cases growth rate is treated as a proximal metric for understanding the cellular metabolic status. However, changes in growth rate might not reflect metabolic variations in individuals responding to environmental fluctuations. Here we use single-cell microfluidics-microscopy combined with transcriptomics, proteomics and mathematical modelling to quantify the accumulation of glucose withinEscherichia colicells. In contrast to the current consensus, we reveal that environmental conditions which are comparatively unfavourable for growth, where both nutrients and salinity are depleted, increase glucose accumulation rates in individual bacteria and population subsets. We find that these changes in metabolic function are underpinned by variations at the translational and posttranslational level but not at the transcriptional level and are not dictated by changes in cell size. The metabolic response-characteristics identified greatly advance our fundamental understanding of the interactions between bacteria and their environment and have important ramifications when investigating cellular processes where salinity plays an important role.
Highly-resolved interannual phytoplankton community dynamics of the coastal Northwest Atlantic
Authors: Robicheau Brent M , Tolman Jennifer , Bertrand Erin M , LaRoche Julie
Published: April 2022

Microbial observatories can track phytoplankton at frequencies that resolve monthly, seasonal, and multiyear trends in environmental change from short-lived events. Using 4-years of weekly flow cytometry along with chloroplast and cyanobacterial 16S rRNA gene sequence data from a time-series station in the coastal Northwest Atlantic (Bedford Basin, Nova Scotia, Canada), we analyzed temporal observations for globally-relevant genera (e.g., Bolidomonas, Teleaulax, Minidiscus, Chaetoceros, Synechococcus, and Phaeocystis) in an oceanic region that has been recognized as a likely hotspot for phytoplankton diversity. Contemporaneous Scotian Shelf data also collected during our study established that the major phytoplankton within the Bedford Basin were important in the Scotian Shelf during spring and fall, therefore pointing to their broader significance within the coastal Northwest Atlantic (NWA). Temporal trends revealed a subset of indicator taxa along with their DNA signatures (e.g., Eutreptiella and Synechococcus), whose distribution patterns make them essential for timely detection of environmentally-driven shifts in the NWA. High-resolution sampling was key to identifying important community shifts towards smaller phytoplankton under anomalous environmental conditions, while further providing a detailed molecular view of community compositions underpinning general phytoplankton succession within the coastal NWA. Our study demonstrates the importance of accessible coastal time-series sites where high-frequency DNA sampling allows for the detection of shifting baselines in phytoplankton communities.
Farm-scale differentiation of active microbial colonizers
Authors: King William L , Kaminsky Laura M , Richards Sarah C , Bradley Brosi A , Kaye Jason P , Bell Terrence H
Published: April 2022

Microbial movement is important for replenishing lost soil microbial biodiversity and driving plant root colonization, particularly in managed agricultural soils, where microbial diversity and composition can be disrupted. Despite abundant survey-type microbiome data in soils, which are obscured by legacy DNA and microbial dormancy, we do not know how active microbial pools are shaped by local soil properties, agricultural management, and at differing spatial scales. To determine how active microbial colonizers are shaped by spatial scale and environmental conditions, we deployed microbial traps (i.e. sterile soil enclosed by small pore membranes) containing two distinct soil types (forest; agricultural), in three neighboring locations, assessing colonization through 16S rRNA gene and fungal ITS amplicon sequencing. Location had a greater impact on fungal colonizers (R2 = 0.31 vs. 0.26), while the soil type within the microbial traps influenced bacterial colonizers more (R2 = 0.09 vs. 0.02). Bacterial colonizers showed greater colonization consistency (within-group similarity) among replicate communities. Relative to bacterial colonizers, fungal colonizers shared a greater compositional overlap to sequences from the surrounding local bulk soil (R2 = 0.08 vs. 0.29), suggesting that these groups respond to distinct environmental constraints and that their in-field management may differ. Understanding how environmental constraints and spatial scales impact microbial recolonization dynamics and community assembly are essential for identifying how soil management can be used to shape agricultural microbiomes.
Influence of solvents on the morphology of Langmuir and Langmuir–Schaefer films of PCBM and PCBM-based oligomers and polymers
Authors: Roncaselli Lucas K. M. , Silva Edilene A. , Braunger Maria Luisa , Ramanitra Hasina H. , Stephen Meera , Citolino Lucas V. L. , Fernandes José D. , Simõis André V. S. , Constantino Carlos J. L. , Agostini Deuber Lincon Silva , Bégué Didier , Hiorns Roger C. , Olivati Clarissa A.
Published: April 2022

Three solvents were used to solubilize PCBM-based materials, with and without P3HT, and Langmuir techniques were used to identify their impact on film and nano-domain formation, revealing in-depth understanding of the impact of solvents on morphology.
A DFT study of defects in paramagnetic Cr2O3
Authors: Huang Xian , Fossati Paul C. M. , Martinelli Laure , Bosonnet Sophie , Latu-Romain Laurence , Wouters Yves
Published: April 2022

The nature of the dominant point defect and semiconductor character in paramagnetic Cr2O3 depends on temperature and oxygen partial pressure.
Connecting conformational stiffness of the protein with energy landscape by a single experiment
Authors: Chakraborty Soham , Chaudhuri Deep , Chaudhuri Dyuti , Singh Vihan , Banerjee Souradeep , Chowdhury Debojyoti , Haldar Shubhasis
Published: April 2022

A decrease in protein step-size is observed upon increasing the salt concentration in single-molecule magnetic tweezers, which is correlated to molecular compaction in a protein polymer. This compaction mechanism promotes a rapid protein folding.
A Rayleigh–Bénard convection instability analog in vibrated gas-fluidized granular particles
Authors: Guo Qiang , Zhang Yuxuan , Kovar Thomas M. , Xi Kenan , Boyce Christopher M.
Published: April 2022

Granular particles subject to both gas flow and vibration are shown to exhibit an analog of Rayleigh–Bénard convection instability in a densely packed yet fluidized state. Continuum simulations reproduce the phenomenon and uncover the mechanisms.
In situphotoinitiated fabrication of phosphorylcholine-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane hybrid monolithic column for mixed-mode capillary electrochromatography
Authors: Lei Xiaoyun , Zhang Bingyu , Zhang Yi , Huang Ting , Tang Fengxiang , Wu Xiaoping
Published: April 2022

A phosphorylcholine-functionalized POSS hybrid monolithic column was synthesizedviaUV curing. It exhibits hydrophilic interaction and weak cation exchange chromatography retention mechanism for the separation of typical polar and charged compounds.
Phosphorus incorporation accelerates ammonia electrosynthesis over a mesoporous Au film
Authors: Dai Zechuan , Wang Wenxin , Wang Ziqiang , Wang Shengqi , Yu Hongjie , Xu You , Li Xiaonian , Wang Liang , Wang Hongjing
Published: April 2022

A phosphorus-doped mesoporous Au film has been grown on Ni foam, which shows enhanced performance for ammonia electrosynthesis.
Design, synthesis and applications of NIR-emissive scaffolds of diketopyrrolopyrrole-aza-BODIPY hybrids
Authors: Wang Lingyun , Ding Hui , Xiong Zihao , Ran Xueguang , Tang Hao , Cao Derong
Published: April 2022

New NIR-emissive diketopyrrolopyrrole-aza-BODIPY hybrids as multiple functional scaffolds were developed.
Mechanistic insight into rapid oxygen-atom transfer from a calix-functionalized polyoxovanadate
Authors: Fertig Alex. A. , Cooney Shannon E. , Meyer Rachel L. , Brennessel William W. , Matson Ellen M.
Published: April 2022

Accelerated rates of O-atom vacancy formation in calix-substituted POV–alkoxide clusters. Mechanisms if OAT dependent on surface ligand substitution patterns.
Dual-photofunctional organogermanium compound based on donor–acceptor–donor architecture
Authors: Nyga Aleksandra , Kaihara Takahito , Hosono Takumi , Sipala Massimiliano , Stachelek Patrycja , Tohnai Norimitsu , Minakata Satoshi , de Sousa Leonardo Evaristo , de Silva Piotr , Data Przemyslaw , Takeda Youhei
Published: April 2022

A dual-photofunctional organogermanium compound based on a donor–acceptor–donor architecture that exhibits thermally activated delayed fluorescence and mechano-responsive luminochromism has been developed.
Microsolvation of H2O+, H3O+, and CH3OH2+ by He in a cryogenic ion trap: structure of solvation shells
Authors: Müller David , Dopfer Otto
Published: April 2022

The growth of X+Hen clusters with X+ = H2O+, H3O+, and CH3OH2+ in a cryogenic ion trap is characterized by mass spectrometry and CCSD(T) calculations to determine the structure of the first solvation shell.
Conformational characteristics and conformation-dependent properties of poly(ε-caprolactone)
Authors: Kawai Azumi , Hamamoto Naoki , Sasanuma Yuji
Published: April 2022

Conformational characteristics, solution and thermal properties, and crystal structure and elasticity of poly(ε-caprolactone) have been revealed via computational chemistry.
Advances and perspectives of actinide chemistry fromex situhigh pressure and high temperature chemical studies
Authors: Murphy Gabriel L. , Kegler Philip , Alekseev Evgeny V.
Published: April 2022

This perspective article discusses the developments over the last decade, state-of-the-art and future directions of examining actinide chemistry arising fromex situhigh pressure and high temperature conditions.
Thermal stability and structural studies on the mixtures of Mg(BH4)2 and glymes
Authors: Leick Noemi , Tran Ba L. , Bowden Mark E. , Gennett Thomas , Autrey Tom
Published: April 2022

Understanding speciation, stability, and degradation of Mg(BH4)2·glymes by powder XRD, DSC–TGA & TDS-MS.
Catalytic limitations on alkane dehydrogenation under H2deficient conditions relevant to membrane reactors
Authors: Sattler Aaron , Paccagnini Michele , Gomez Elaine , Meyer Randall J. , Yacob Sara , Klutse Henry , Caulfield Michael , Gao Yuan
Published: April 2022

Experimentally simulating H2removal during catalytic ethane dehydrogenation indicates that ethylene yields may be limited due to coking reactions, and accelerated coking causes more rapid catalyst deactivation.
Extraction of small extracellular vesicles by label-free and biocompatible on-chip magnetic separation
Authors: Zeng Lin , Hu Shi , Chen Xi , Zhang Pengcheng , Gu Guoqiang , Wang Yuye , Zhang Hongpeng , Zhang Yi , Yang Hui
Published: April 2022

Small vesicles (sEVs) are closely related to many diseases as they carry various bio-markers. A label-free and biocompatible on-chip separation method based on negative magnetophoresis is presented for the extraction of sEVs.
Enantioselective intramolecular Pictet–Spengler type annulation of indole-linked 3-methyleneisoindolin-1-ones
Authors: Liu Min , Li Wenzhe , Huang Min , Yan Yingkun , Li Min , Cao Lianyi , Zhang Xiaomei
Published: April 2022

Asymmetric intramolecular Pictet–Spengler type annulation of indole-linked 3-methyleneisoindolin-1-ones provided isoindolinone fused tetrahydro β-carbolines with moderate to good enantioselectivities.
A novel electrochemical sensor for nitroguanidine determination using a glassy carbon electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes and polyvinylpyrrolidone
Authors: Alassane Moussa Abdoul Kader , Sağlam Şener , Üzer Ayşem , Apak Reşat
Published: April 2022

The GC/PVP/MWCNTs electrode is the first electrode for the electrochemical determination of insensitive explosive nitroguanidine using intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions.
Phosphorus–nitrogen compounds: part 63. Mono- and bis-vanillinatobisferrocenyldispiro(N/N)cyclotriphosphazenes and their macrocyclic Schiff-bases: synthesis, structural characterization and isomerism
Authors: Tümer Yasemin , Asmafiliz Nuran , Kılıç Zeynel , Hökelek Tuncer
Published: April 2022

Mono/bis-vanillinato ferrocenyldispirocyclotriphosphazenes and Schiff-bases were obtained. Structures of the compounds were determined using spectroscopic methods. Absolute configurations of three compounds were defined by X-ray crystallography.
An amino functionalized zirconium metal organic framework as a catalyst for oxidative desulfurization
Authors: Li Juan , Zhu Mingyuan , Dai Bin
Published: April 2022

The excellent activity of UiO-66-NH2may be attributed to the synergistic effect of ZrIV–OH and –NH2.
Asymmetric colloidal motors: from dissymmetric nanoarchitectural fabrication to efficient propulsion strategy
Authors: Li Haichao , Li Yue , Liu Jun , He Qiang , Wu Yingjie
Published: April 2022

The efficient autonomous movement and versatility of Janus colloidal motors offer unlimited possibilities for performing various tasks. This review highlights the recent progress of Janus colloidal motors.
Iodine–TBHP mediated efficient synthesis of α-ketoamides from vinyl azides and amines under mild conditions
Authors: Bhukta Swadhapriya , Chatterjee Rana , Dandela Rambabu
Published: April 2022

Iodine and TBHP promoted facile synthesis of α-ketoamides has been developed from vinyl azides. A variety of α-ketoamides including a Ceritinib cancer drug derivative were obtained in a high yield under mild conditions.
Improvement on the electrochemical performance by morphology control of nanostructured La0.6Sr0.4CoO3−δ-Gd0.1Ce0.9O1.95 cathodes for IT-SOFC
Authors: Acuña Leandro Marcelo , Cabezas Marcelo Daniel , Fuentes Rodolfo Oscar
Published: April 2022

Spherical GDC particles favour high number of electrochemical reaction sites (ers) and the breathing structure for fast ionic conduction in LSC phase, driven by the indirect modification of the cobalt's chemical speciation in LSC.
Inflammatory response mediates cross-talk with immune function and reveals clinical features in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Zhong Fang-Min , Yao Fang-Yi , Liu Jing , Zhang Hai-Bin , Li Mei-Yong , Jiang Jun-Yao , Xu Yan-Mei , Yang Wei-Ming , Li Shu-Qi , Zhang Jing , Cheng Ying , Xu Shuai , Huang Bo , Wang Xiao-Zhong
Published: April 2022

Accumulated genetic mutations are an important cause for the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but abnormal changes in the inflammatory microenvironment also have regulatory effects on AML. Exploring the relationship between inflammatory response and pathological features of AML has implications for clinical diagnosis, treatment and prognosis evaluation. We analyzed the expression variation landscape of inflammatory response-related genes (IRRGs) and calculated an inflammatory response score for each sample using the gene set variation analysis (GSVA) algorithm. The differences in clinical- and immune-related characteristics between high- and low-inflammatory response groups were further analyzed. We found that most IRRGs were highly expressed in AML samples, and patients with high inflammatory response had poor prognosis and were accompanied with highly activated chemokine-, cytokine- and adhesion molecule-related signaling pathways, higher infiltration ratios of monocytes, neutrophils and M2 macrophages, high activity of type I/II interferon (IFN) response, and higher expression of immune checkpoints. We also used the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database to predict the sensitivity of AML samples with different inflammatory responses to common drugs, and found that AML samples with low inflammatory response were more sensitive to cytarabine, doxorubicin and midostaurin. SubMap algorithm also demonstrated that high-inflammatory response patients are more suitable for anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Finally, we constructed a prognostic risk score model to predict the overall survival (OS) of AML patients. Patients with higher risk score had significantly shorter OS, which was confirmed in two validation cohorts. The analysis of inflammatory response patterns can help us better understand the differences in tumor microenvironment (TME) of AML patients, and guide clinical medication and prognosis prediction.
Differential effects of cyclo-oxygenase 1 and 2 inhibition on angiogenesis inhibitor-induced hypertension and kidney damage
Authors: Mirabito Colafella Katrina M. , van Dorst Daan C.H. , Neuman Rugina I. , Doorn Leni van , Neves Karla Bianca , Montezano Augusto C. , Garrelds Ingrid M. , van Veghel Richard , de Vries René , Uijl Estrellita , Clahsen-van Groningen Marian C. , Baelde Hans J. , van den Meiracker Anton H. , Touyz Rhian M. , Visser Willy , Danser A.H. Jan , Versmissen Jorie
Published: April 2022

Vascular endothelial growth factor antagonism with angiogenesis inhibitors in cancer patients induces a ‘preeclampsia-like’ syndrome including hypertension, proteinuria and elevated endothelin (ET)-1. Cyclo-oxygenase (COX) inhibition with aspirin is known to prevent the onset of preeclampsia in high-risk patients. In the present study, we hypothesised that treatment with aspirin would prevent the development of angiogenesis inhibitor-induced hypertension and kidney damage. Our aims were to compare the effects of low-dose (COX-1 inhibition) and high-dose (dual COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition) aspirin on blood pressure, vascular function, oxidative stress, ET-1 and prostanoid levels and kidney damage during angiogenesis-inhibitor therapy in rodents. To this end, Wistar Kyoto rats were treated with vehicle, angiogenesis inhibitor (sunitinib) alone or in combination with low- or high-dose aspirin for 8 days (n=5–7/group). Our results demonstrated that prostacyclin (PGI2) and ET-1 were increased during angiogenesis-inhibitor therapy, while thromboxane (TXA2) was unchanged. Both low- and high-dose aspirin blunted angiogenesis inhibitor-induced hypertension and vascular superoxide production to a similar extent, whereas only high-dose aspirin prevented albuminuria. While circulating TXA2 and prostaglandin F2α levels were reduced by both low- and high-dose aspirin, circulating and urinary levels PGI2 were only reduced by high-dose aspirin. Lastly, treatment with aspirin did not significantly affect ET-1 or vascular function. Collectively our findings suggest that prostanoids contribute to the development of angiogenesis inhibitor-induced hypertension and renal damage and that targeting the prostanoid pathway could be an effective strategy to mitigate the unwanted cardiovascular and renal toxicities associated with angiogenesis inhibitors.
Internet-Delivered Psychological Treatments for Tinnitus: A Brief Historical Review
Authors: Andersson Gerhard
Published: April 2022

Objectives:

Internet-delivered psychological treatments were developed more than 20 years ago, and tinnitus was among the first target conditions. The aim of this review article is to describe the history of Internet treatments for tinnitus and to comment on the evidence base. Challenges for future research and implementations will be mentioned.

Method:

A narrative historical review was conducted.

Findings:

There are now several studies including controlled trials on Internet interventions based on cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) for tinnitus. Effects in controlled trials are moderate to large with regard to tinnitus annoyance. While the treatment format now exists in four languages, there is a large treatment versus demand gap as very few clients with tinnitus receive ICBT. There is a lack of research on related conditions with the exception of hearing loss. However, there is substantial support for Internet interventions for comorbid conditions such as insomnia and depression but not specifically in association with tinnitus.

Conclusions:

ICBT is a promising treatment approach for tinnitus and will hopefully increase access to evidence-based treatment to reduce tinnitus distress. More research is needed for related conditions such as hyperacusis and larger trials on tinnitus.
Direct Speech-Language Intervention Effects on Augmentative and Alternative Communication System Use in Adults With Developmental Disabilities in a Naturalistic Environment
Authors: Hughes Deanna M. , Vento-Wilson Margaret , Boyd LouAnne E.
Published: April 2022

Purpose:

Research involving the effects of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) intervention in adults, especially in naturalistic settings, has been identified as a critical public health need. Despite rapid advances in high-tech AAC, many adults with developmental disabilities have experienced reduced access to assistive technology and AAC, which can function as a
de facto
environmental barrier to participation, for these individuals. As a means of decreasing barriers to participation, this study targeted skill increases in the operational, linguistic, social, and strategic use of AAC systems.

Method:

This study used a preexperimental, single-case AB design to identify skill level changes in the operational, linguistic, social, and strategic use of their AAC system from baseline to the completion of intervention. The four adult participants with developmental disabilities and limited use of natural speech as a primary modality of communication were identified through a collaborative relationship between a communication sciences and disorder university program and a state-run adult day program for individuals who had aged out of the K–12 school system. Each participant received direct intervention in the four areas described across 7 weeks.

Results:

Visual analysis and percent of nonoverlap of all pairs were used to identify changes in performance occurring between baseline and the conclusion of the intervention period. Results revealed increases across the specific skills, with individuals' variation across participants and target area. Out of 22 total goals targeted, strong effect sizes were observed for 10 goals and moderate effect sizes were observed for seven.

Conclusions:

Skill increases in the four areas of AAC system use can be achieved with direct intervention in adults with developmental disabilities and limited use of natural speech as a primary modality of communication. This approach also underscores the value of collaborations between university training programs, providers of adult services, and adult participants as a cost-effective strategy for service delivery.
We Need to Talk About Social Inequalities in Language Development
Authors: Di Sante Mélissa , Potvin Louise
Published: April 2022

Purpose:

This article aims to raise speech-language pathologists' (SLPs') awareness about the extent of social inequalities in the language development of children, and their social determinants.

Method:

This article draws on empirical evidence and theoretical foundations from the field of public health to highlight the roots and distribution of social inequalities in the language development of children. The Total Environment Assessment Model for Early Child Development is presented as a means to understand the social determinants of early child development, and its relevance to the context of early language development is discussed. Informed by these theoretical notions, this article encourages SLPs to reflect on actions directed toward the social determinants of language. Drawing from health promotion approaches, a conceptualization of language interventions and intervention outcomes as “events in systems” is suggested.

Conclusion:

The public health–inspired approach to language interventions shared in this article invites institutions and SLPs to direct their gaze to the social determinants of language and broaden the scope of actions that are included in individual or group interventions aimed at supporting the language development of children.
Speech Recognition in Noise Performance Measured Remotely Versus In-Laboratory From Older and Younger Listeners
Authors: Shen Jing , Wu Jingwei
Published: April 2022

Purpose:

This study examined the performance difference between remote and in-laboratory test modalities with a speech recognition in noise task in older and younger adults.

Method:

Four groups of participants (younger remote, younger in-laboratory, older remote, and older in-laboratory) were tested on a speech recognition in noise protocol with 72 sentences.

Results:

While the younger remote group performed more poorly than the younger in-laboratory group, older participants' performance was comparable between the two modality groups, particularly in the easy to moderately difficult conditions. These results persisted after controlling for demographic variables (e.g., age, gender, and education).

Conclusion:

While these findings generally support the feasibility of remote data collection with older participants for research on speech perception, they also suggest that technological proficiency is an important factor that affects performance on remote testing in the aging population.
Minimally Detectable Change of Speech Intelligibility in Speakers With Multiple Sclerosis and Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Stipancic Kaila L. , Tjaden Kris
Published: April 2022

Purpose:

This study sought to determine the minimally detectable change (MDC) of sentence intelligibility for speakers with multiple sclerosis (MS) and Parkinson's disease (PD).

Method:

Speakers included 78 participants consisting of 32 neurologically healthy control speakers, 30 speakers with MS, and 16 speakers with PD. All speakers were recorded reading 11 sentences comprising the Speech Intelligibility Test (SIT), which were subsequently transcribed by inexperienced listeners. Percent correct scores were calculated for each sentence. An average percent correct score was also calculated for each speaker. The MDC at the 95% confidence interval was calculated using the following formula: MDC
95
= 1.96 × √2 × standard error of measurement. Speakers were divided into operationally defined categories of severity, and MDCs were calculated for each category to permit comparison to MDCs reported for speakers with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Kruskal–Wallis tests were conducted to compare MDCs between groups and severity categories.

Results:

The average MDC
95
for control speakers was 5.53% (range = 3.21%–7.47%) and was statistically smaller than MDCs for speakers with MS (average = 10.08%, range = 5.30%–15.62%) and those for speakers with PD (average = 10.98%, range = 8.60%–13.98%). Statistical analyses further revealed significant differences between MDCs across severity categories.

Conclusions:

In agreement with previous work in ALS conducted under similar conditions (i.e., orthographic transcription of SIT sentences in a quiet listening environment), the MDC
95
of speech intelligibility ranged from 3% to 10% for speakers with MS and PD who have mildly impaired speech. These estimates are a step toward the development of a universal language with which to evaluate speech changes in a variety of patient populations.
Optimal placement of fixed series compensation and phase shifting transformer in the multi‐year generation and transmission expansion planning problem at the pool‐based market for maximizing social welfare and reducing the investment costs
Authors: Nourizadeh Heshmatollah , Mosallanejad Ali , SetayeshNazar Mehrdad
Published: April 2022

Multi‐year generation and transmission expansion planning (MY‐G&TEP) is a critical issue in power systems. The present paper considers the optimal placement of Fixed Series Compensation (FSC) and Phase Shifting Transformer (PST) proposes a pool‐market‐based mathematical model (MY‐G&TEP) for maximizing social welfare (SW) and reducing investment costs of transmission lines and new power plants. Following the determination of optimal strategy, the present paper compares the usefulness of PSTs and FSCs in the MY‐G&TEP problem in three scenarios. Since MY‐G&TEP is a complex hybrid, mixed‐integer linear programming (MILP), and nonlinear optimization problem, the YALMIP toolbox and CPLEX solver have been applied to find the optimal solution, a globally optimized solution is obtained. For evaluation, the proposed model has been tested on the IEEE 24‐bus and IEEE 57‐bus systems, and the simulation results indicate that the installation of PST and FSC not only improves market conditions but also increases the flexibility of MY‐G&TEP, and adding these FACTS devices to the studied system leads to an increase in the network's performance and enhancement of objectives of the proposed model.
Enhancement of power quality issues for a hybrid AC/DC microgrid based on optimization methods
Authors: Khosravi Nima , Echalih Salwa , Baghbanzadeh Rasoul , Hekss Zineb , Hassani Rahman , Messaoudi Mustapha
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this paper is to study the harmonic behavior of hybrid microgrids (MGs). To achieve the desired goal, a modified active power filter (MAPF) and a power filter compensator kit (PFCK) modules have been used to improve the harmonics of the AC part of the system. The main challenge and feature of this research is the optimization of MAPF and PFCK controller gain coefficients hierarchical, using Harris hawk optimization (HHO), grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA), artificial bee colony (ABC), and differential evolution (DE), respectively. Following, this technique was applied in the three control loops including, voltage and current harmonics, and system controller error to reduce the range of the mentioned harmonics to the permissible range. The method will be interesting considering that the PI and PID tuning is based on parallel feed‐forward. The programmed objective functions include the three components current THD, voltage THD and controller error hierarchically. From the point of view of the MGs hierarchical control, the method presented in this study will be implemented in the second level of hierarchical control. In order to improve the operation of the DC part of the grid, a boost converter module (BCM) has been introduced in the form of a new synchronization scheme. The output of the simulation shows the reduction of the harmonic amplitude of the system by the mentioned modules.
Novel approach for shipborne‐passive bistatic imaging with DVB‐T signals based on MIAA–RID technique
Authors: Wang Yong , Yang Jiaxing , Yeh Chunmao , Lu Xiaofei
Published: April 2022

The shipborne‐passive bistatic inverse synthetic aperture radar system with digital video broadcasting terrestrial (DVB‐T) signals is very important in the fields of radar imaging, but it suffers from the problems of grating lobes caused by the spectral gaps when multiple DVB‐T channels are applied, and the non‐stationary echo signal for the complex motions of the ship. In this paper, a new algorithm based on the Missing Data Iterative Adaptive Approach (MIAA) combined with the Range Instantaneous Doppler (RID) technique is proposed to address these problems. First, the authors establish the imaging geometry and signal model. Based on these models, the range resolution and Doppler frequency are analysed. Then, the bandwidth synthesis in the frequency domain for the DVB‐T signal is derived. Finally, the MIAA method is used to recover the spectral gaps of the range profile for multiple DVB‐T channels, and the azimuth compression is carried out by the RID method after the translational motion compensation. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the algorithm proposed in this paper.
General indefinite backward stochastic linear-quadratic optimal control problems
Authors: Sun Jingrui , Wen Jiaqiang , Xiong Jie
Published: April 2022

A general backward stochastic linear-quadratic optimal control problem is studied, in which both the state equation and the cost functional contain the nonhomogeneous terms. The main feature of the problem is that the weighting matrices in the cost functional are allowed to be indefinite, and the cross-product terms in the control and the state processes are present. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of the problem are obtained, and a characterization of the optimal control in terms of forward-backward stochastic differential equations is derived. By a Riccati equation approach, a general procedure for constructing optimal controls is developed and the value function is obtained explicitly.
Novel synthesis and characterization of crystalline fluorapatite from Moroccan phosphogypsum waste
Authors: Nasrellah Hamid , Joudi Meryeme , Bensemlali Meryem , Yassine Imad , Hatimi Badreddine , Hafdi Houyem , Mouldar Jihan , El Mhammedi Moulay Abderrahim , Bakasse Mina
Published: April 2022

In the present study, phosphogypsum waste (PG) was utilized to synthesize fluorapatite (FAP) via a simple precipitation method. The FAP was prepared using a novel mixing technique with anhydrite obtained from PG and phosphoric acid solution in the presence of pure fluoride ammonium in a Teflon reactor. The characteristics of the prepared FAP were investigated with various methods including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The FAP derived from PG exhibited a hexagonal structure with a particle size ranging from 1.5 to 9 μm along with a high purity. FAP also showed an excellent Ca/P ratio equals to 1.67. These results proved that the FAP was successfully synthesized from phosphogypsum waste.
Effect of montmorillonite addition (modified and unmodified) on the structural, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of nanocomposites based poly (vinyl chloride)
Authors: Bouchareb Badra , Haddaoui Nacerddine , Zahra Sarwat
Published: April 2022

Poly (vinyl chloride)/ montmorillonite nanocomposites were prepared using a melt mixing technique. For this purpose, three montmorillonite samples (MMT) namely, raw montmorillonite (R-MMT), sodium montmorillonite (Na+-MMT) and organically modified montmorillonite (O-MMT) were used with different contents (0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 phr) in the presence of dioctyl phthalate (DOP). X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and mechanical testing were used to investigate the physical properties of nanocomposites (PVC/MMT). The results of XRD show that macromolecule chains of PVC may be intercalated or exfoliated into the gallery of modified montmorillonite (Na+-MMT and O-MMT). Microcomposites structure is formed on the PVC/R-MMT nanocomposites when the unmodified montmorillonite (R-MMT) content is added from 1 to 9 phr. However, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PVC/O-MMT nanocomposites is shifted slightly to lower temperatures. Furthermore, O-MMT plays the role of an internal plasticizer hence increases the distance between macromolecule chains of the polymer. Consequently, the degree of interactions between the chains decreases inducing a decrease in Tg. Synergy effect is also observed on the PVC/O-MMT nanocomposites with the increase in the amount of O-MMT. The morphological study by AFM shows a reduction in surface roughness under the effect of montmorillonite modified, and particularly with (1 phr) of O-MMT.
Versorgung von Menschen mit Besonderheiten der Geschlechtsentwicklung
Authors: Groß Nele , Marshall Louise , Jürgensen Martina , Frielitz Fabian , Birnbaum Wiebke , Bacia Anna , Hiort Olaf
Published: April 2022

Hintergrund Die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität von Menschen mit Besonderheiten der Geschlechtsentwicklung wird in der Literatur unterschiedlich dargestellt. Im Jahr 2006 wurden Rahmenpunkte der Versorgung festgelegt; zentral sind die Einbindung der Patient*innen in Entscheidungsprozesse, psychologische Begleitung sowie die multidisziplinäre Versorgung in Zentren. In Lübeck wurde ein Versorgungskonzept aufgebaut, das innerhalb dieses Rahmens eine hohe gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität von Patient*innen ermöglichen soll. Dieses Konzept wird im vorliegenden Beitrag evaluiert.

Methodik Von 2017 bis 2020 wurden 68 Patient*innen und Elternteile mittels eines standardisierten Fragebogens befragt (CHC-SUN, Child Health Care – Satisfaction, Utilization and Needs, in einer an die Sprechstunde adaptierten Form). Zusätzlich wurden mit sieben Studienteilnehmer*innen Telefoninterviews geführt.

Ergebnisse Die Befragten gaben überwiegend an, großes Vertrauen in das interdisziplinäre Team aufgebaut zu haben. Durch die Erklärungen des Teams konnten sie die geschlechtliche Besonderheit verstehen und medizinische Entscheidungen sicher treffen. Die Anwesenheit einer Psychologin war entscheidend, um Ängste und Zukunftssorgen zu besprechen. Die Befragten fanden überwiegend zu einem positiven Umgang mit der Diagnose.

Diskussion Das Versorgungskonzept kann als Modell dienen, um eine hohe Behandlungszufriedenheit zu erreichen. Die Diagnose anzunehmen, stellt für Patient*innen und Familien einen herausfordernden Prozess dar, den das Sprechstundenteam unterstützend begleiten kann. Die Studie war jedoch durch ein kleines Kollektiv limitiert.
Clinical Application of the Satisfaction with Amplification in Daily Life Scale in Private Practice I: Statistical, Content, and Factorial Validity
Authors: Hosford-Dunn Holly , Halpern Jerry
Published: April 2022

Statistical, content, and factorial validity of the Satisfaction with Amplification in Daily Life (SADL) scale was assessed. SADL subscales closely correspond to four satisfaction domains. Subjective benefit is a key component of satisfaction, but other nonauditory factors contribute to wearer satisfaction, notably telephone use and appearance. Results confirm the SADL's psychometric properties and verify its use to validate hearing aid fitting satisfaction in private practice settings for a general patient population at 1–year postfitting. Interim SADL norms may be refined as more SADL data are obtained for different patient populations, hearing aid types, and fitting environments.

Abbreviations: PP-SADL = private practice SADL group, SADL = Satisfaction with Amplification in Daily Life
Predicting Directional Hearing Aid Benefit for Individual Listeners
Authors: Ricketts Todd , Mueller H. Gustav
Published: April 2022

The fitting of directional microphone hearing aids is becoming increasingly more routine, and this fitting option has proven to be a successful method to improve speech intelligibility in many noisy listening environments. Data suggest, however, that some hearing-impaired listeners receive significantly more directional benefit than others. It is of interest, therefore, to determine if directional benefit is predictable from identifiable audiologic factors. In this report, we examined whether the slope of audiometric configuration, amount of high-frequency hearing loss, and/or the aided omnidirectional performance for a speech-in-noise intelligibility task could be used to predict the magnitude of directional hearing aid benefit. Overall results obtained from three separate investigations revealed no significant correlation between the slope of audiometric configuration or amount of high-frequency hearing loss and the benefit obtained from directional microphone hearing instruments. Although there was a significant, negative relationship between aided omnidirectional performance and the directional benefit obtained in one study, there was considerable variability among individual participants, and nearly all of the listeners with the best omnidirectional hearing aid performance still received significant additional benefit from directional amplification. These results suggest that audiologists should consider the use of directional amplification for patients regardless of audiogram slope, high-frequency hearing loss, or omnidirectional speech intelligibility score.

Abbreviations: BTE = behind the ear, Dl = Directivity Index, DSP = digital signal processing, HINT = Hearing in Noise Test, ITE = in the ear, NAL-NL1 = National Acoustic Laboratories-Nonlinear 1, SNR = signal-to-noise ratio
Digitalisierung von Krankenhäusern im Zuge der KHZG: Interoperabilität: vom Wahl-zum Pflichtfach
Authors: Weise Holger
Published: April 2022

Durch die Anforderungen des Krankenhauszukunftsgesetzes (KHZG) ist ein Handlungsdruck entstanden, dem Krankenhäuser mit interoperablen Prozessen begegnen müssen – ob mit oder ohne Förderung. Welche logistischen Prozesse hierfür infrage kommen und weshalb sich deren Digitalisierung so oder so rechnet.
Local uniqueness for the multi-bump solutions to the problem of Ambrosetti–Prodi type
Authors: Chen Haixia , Chen Mengyao , Li Qi
Published: April 2022

We consider a type of elliptic problem of Ambrosetti–Prodi type with the subcritical Sobolev exponent. Based on the local type of Pohozaev identities, we prove the uniqueness for multi-bump solutions constructed by Dancer and Yan [J. Differ. Equations 210, 317–351 (2005)]. As a consequence, we obtain the local uniqueness for the problem of Ambrosetti–Prodi type.
Influence of magnetic field on the seismometer in vibration correction for atom gravimeters
Authors: Qi Kun , Xu Yao-Yao , Deng Xiao-Bing , Chen Le-Le , Luo Qin , Zhou Min-Kang , Duan Xiao-Chun , Hu Zhong-Kun
Published: April 2022

Vibration correction provides a simple and flexible method of suppressing ambient vibration noise in transportable atom gravimeters. However, in the seismometers used for vibration correction, a spurious output may be induced by the magnetic field of the magnetic–optical trap, introducing errors to the gravity measurements. This paper evaluates the influence of the magnetic field on the seismometer and the corresponding errors in the gravity measurements. It is found that an error level of order 10 μGal may be present if the seismometer is not configured carefully. The dependence of the influence on the orientation of the seismometer and the lasting time of the magnetic field are investigated. The effective suppression of the influence by shielding the seismometer is also demonstrated. Our results focus attention on the possible errors related to seismometers in high-precision gravity measurements by using atom gravimeters.
Turbulent broadening of electron heat-flux width in electromagnetic gyrokinetic simulations of a helical scrape-off layer model
Authors: Mandell N. R. , Hammett G. W. , Hakim A. , Francisquez M.
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate that cross field transport in the scrape-off layer (SOL) can be moderately increased by electromagnetic effects in high-beta regimes, resulting in broadening of the electron heat-flux width on the endplates. This conclusion is taken from full-f electromagnetic gyrokinetic simulations of a helical SOL model that roughly approximates the SOL of the National Spherical Torus Experiment. The simulations have been performed with the Gkeyll code, which recently became the first code to demonstrate the capability to simulate electromagnetic gyrokinetic turbulence on open magnetic field lines with sheath boundary conditions. We scan the source rate and thus β, so that the normalized pressure gradient (the MHD ballooning parameter α∝∂β/∂r∝β/Lp) is scanned over an experimentally relevant range, α=0.3−1.5. While there is little change in the pressure gradient scale length Lp near the midplane as beta is increased, a 10% increase in cross field transport near the midplane results in an increase in the electron heat-flux width λq and a 25% reduction of the peak electron heat flux to the endplates.
Kinetic Landau-fluid closures of non-Maxwellian distributions
Authors: Fan Kaixuan , Xu Xueqiao , Zhu Ben , Li Pengfei
Published: April 2022

New kinetic Landau-fluid closures, based on the cutoff Maxwellian distribution, are derived. A special static case is considered (the frequency ω=0). In the strongly collisional regime, our model reduces to Braginskii's heat flux model, and the transport is local. In the weak collisional regime, our model indicates that the heat flux is non-local and recovers the Hammett–Perkins model while the value of the cutoff velocity approaches to infinity. We compare the thermal transport coefficient χ of Maxwellian, cutoff Maxwellian and super-Gaussian distribution. The results show that the reduction of the high-speed tail particles leads to the corresponding reduction of the thermal transport coefficient χ across the entire range of collisionality, more reduction of the free streaming transport toward the weak collisional regime. In the collisionless limit, χ approaches to zero for the cutoff Maxwellian and the super-Gaussian distribution but remains finite for Maxwellian distribution. χ is complex if the cutoff Maxwellian distribution is asymmetric. The Im(χ) approaches to different convergent values in both collisionless and strongly collisional limit, respectively. It yields an additional streaming heat flux in comparison with the symmetric cutoff Maxwellian distribution. Furthermore, due to the asymmetric distribution, there is a background heat flux q0 though there is no perturbation. The derived Landau-fluid closures are general for fluid moment models, and applicable for the cutoff Maxwellian distribution in an open magnetic field line region, such as the scape-off-layer of Tokamak plasmas, in the thermal quench plasmas during a tokamak disruption, and the super-Gaussian electron distribution function due to inverse bremsstrahlung heating in laser-plasma studies.
A highly drift-stable atomic magnetometer for fundamental physics experiments
Authors: Rosner M. , Beck D. , Fierlinger P. , Filter H. , Klau C. , Kuchler F. , Rößner P. , Sturm M. , Wurm D. , Sun Z.
Published: April 2022

We report the design and performance of a nonmagnetic drift stable optically pumped cesium magnetometer with a measured sensitivity of 35 fT at 200 s integration time and stability below 50 fT between 70 and 600 s. The sensor is based on the nonlinear magneto-optical rotation effect: in a Bell–Bloom configuration, a higher order polarization moment (alignment) of Cs atoms is created with a pump laser beam in an anti-relaxation coated Pyrex cell under vacuum, filled with Cs vapor at room temperature. The polarization plane of light passing through the cell is modulated due the precession of the atoms in an external magnetic field of 2.1 μT, used to optically determine the Larmor precession frequency. Operation is based on a sequence of optical pumping and observation of freely precessing spins at a repetition rate of 8 Hz. This free precession decay readout scheme separates optical pumping and probing and, thus, ensures a systematically highly clean measurement. Due to the residual offset of the sensor of <15 pT together with negligible crosstalk of adjacent sensors, this device is uniquely suitable for a variety of experiments in low-energy particle physics with extreme precision, here as a highly stable and systematically clean reference probe in search for time-reversal symmetry violating electric dipole moments.