bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resting-state electroencephalographic correlates of cognitive reserve: Moderating the age-related worsening in cognitive function
Authors: Bujan Ana , Sampaio Adriana , Pinal Diego
Published: January 2022

The present exploratory study aimed to investigate the resting-state electroencephalographic (rsEEG) correlates of cognitive reserve from a lifespan perspective. To this aim, current source density (CSD) and lagged-linear connectivity (LLC) measures were assessed. We firstly explored the relationship between rsEEG measures for the different frequency bands and a socio-behavioral proxy of cognitive reserve, the Cognitive Reserve Index (CRI). Secondly, we applied moderation analyses to assess if any of the correlated rsEEG measures showed a moderating role in the relationship between age and cognitive function. Moderate negative correlations were found between the CRI and occipital CSD of delta and beta 2. Moreover, inter and intra-hemispheric LLC measures were correlated with the CRI, showing a negative association with delta and positive associations with alpha 1, beta 1, and beta 2. Among those correlated measures, just two rsEEG variables were significant moderators of the relationship between age and cognition: occipital delta CSD and right hemispheric beta 2 LLC between occipital and limbic regions. The effect of age on cognitive performance was stronger for higher values of both measures. Therefore, lower values of occipital delta CSD and lower beta 2 LLC between right occipital and limbic regions might protect or compensate for the effects of age on cognition. Results of this exploratory study might be helpful to allocate more preventive efforts to curb the progression of cognitive decline in adults with less CR, possibly characterized by these rsEEG parameters at a neural level. However, given the exploratory nature of the present study, more conclusive work on these rsEEG measures is needed to firmly establish their role in the cognition-age relationship, for example, verifying if these measures moderate the relationship between brain structure and cognition.
A Critical Evaluation of Dynamical Systems Models of Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Nunes Abraham , Singh Selena , Allman Jared , Becker Suzanna , Ortiz Abigail , Trappenberg Thomas , Alda Martin
Published: January 2022

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mood disorder involving recurring (hypo)manic and depressive episodes. The inherently temporal nature of BD has inspired its conceptualization using dynamical systems theory, which is a mathematical framework for understanding systems that evolve over time. In this paper we provide a critical review of dynamical systems models of BD. Owing to heterogeneity of methodologies and experimental designs in computational modeling, we designed a structured approach to guide our review in a fashion that parallels the appraisal of animal models by their Face, Predictive, and Construct Validity. This tool, the Validity Appraisal Guide for Computational Models (VAG-CM) is not an absolute estimate of validity, but rather a guide for more objective appraisal of models in this review. We identified 26 studies published before November 18, 2021 that proposed generative dynamical systems models of time-varying signals in BD. Two raters independently applied the VAG-CM to included studies, obtaining a mean Cohen's kappa of 0.55 (95% CI [0.45, 0.64]) prior to establishing consensus ratings. Consensus VAG-CM ratings revealed three model/study clusters: data-driven models with face validity, theory-driven models with predictive validity, and theory-driven models lacking all forms of validity. We conclude that future models should be developed using a hybrid approach that first operationalizes BD features of interest using empirical data (a data-driven approach), followed by explanations of those features using generative models with components that are homologous to physiological or psychological systems involved in BD (a theory-driven approach).
Beyond collective intelligence: Collective adaptation
Authors: Galesic Mirta , Barkoczi Daniel , Berdahl Andrew , Biro Dora , Carbone Giuseppe , Giannoccaro Ilaria , Goldstone Robert , Gonzalez Cleotilde , Kandler Anne , Kao Albert , Kendal Rachel , Kline Michelle Ann , Lee Eun , Massari Giovanni Francesco , Mesoudi Alex , Olsson Henrik , Pescetelli Niccolo , Sloman Sabina , Smaldino Paul E. , Stein Daniel L.
Published: January 2022

We develop a conceptual framework for studying collective adaptation in complex socio-cognitive systems, driven by dynamic interactions of social integration strategies, social environments, and problem structures. Going beyond searching for “intelligent” collectives, we integrate research from different disciplines and outline modelling approaches that can be used to begin answering questions such as why collectives sometimes fail to reach seemingly obvious solutions, how they change their strategies and network structures in response to different problems, and how we can anticipate and perhaps change future harmful societal trajectories. We discuss the importance of considering path dependence, lack of optimization, and collective myopia to understand the sometimes counterintuitive outcomes of collective adaptation. We call for a transdisciplinary, quantitative, and societally useful social science that can help us to understand our rapidly changing and ever more complex societies, avoid collective disasters, and reach the full potential of our ability to organize in adaptive collectives.
Patrilocality and Child Sex Ratios in India
Authors: Goli Srinivas , Arora Somya , Jain Neha , Sekher TV
Published: January 2022

In multi-level and multi-layered foundations of gendered approaches for understanding the kinship system, son preferences, and male-skewed child sex ratios in India; patriarchy, and patrilineality have received greater attention than patrilocality. To fill this gap, in this study, we construct a measure of patrilocality and examine its association with skewed child sex ratios. We hypothesize that households practice sex selection and daughter discrimination because of patrilocal norms that dictate the later life co-residence between parents and sons. Our findings reveal that the child sex ratio, the sex ratio at birth, and the sex ratio at last birth are positively correlated with the patrilocality rates across states and districts of India. The relationship holds across the multiple robustness checks. Findings, although not surprising, emerge from the robust empirical analyses at a time when child sex ratios continue to worsen in India, notwithstanding the country’s socio-economic progress. We conclude that in the absence of strong social security measures and lack of preference for old-age homes amidst the accepted practice of patrilocality coupled with increasing lower fertility norms, the dependency on sons will continue and further lead to the continuation of sex selection in India.
Biting Off More Than They Can Chew: Food Waste at Hotel Breakfast Buffets
Authors: Juvan Emil , Grün Bettina , Dolnicar Sara
Published: January 2022

Tourists bite off more than they can chew at hotel breakfast buffets. Food waste from hotel buffets means unnecessary food cost for hotels as well as an unnecessary burden on the environment. The present study measured food waste at a hotel breakfast buffet and identified the following guest and breakfast characteristics as being significantly associated with higher plate waste: more children in the guest mix, more Russians and less Austrians or Germans, fewer hotel guests in the breakfast buffet area as well as more buffet stations being set up. These insights contribute to knowledge on environmental sustainability in tourism, pointing to interesting market segments for targeting in high demand periods as well as promising target segments for interventions (e.g., families) and indicate that simple measures such as rearrangements of the breakfast room may reduce food waste.
Halal Label and Product Quality: Case Study Wardah Cosmetic Product Purchase Decision
Authors: Maghfiroh Mamluatul , Indrarini Rachma
Published: January 2022

The development of the Indonesian cosmetic industry is relatively rapid because cosmetic products have become primary needs in Indonesia which the population is predominantly Muslim. This development caused competitive competition between cosmetics brands in Indonesia. Because of this competition, Wardah cosmetics is considering the halal label in its products and the quality of the products to increase consumer purchasing decisions. This research uses quantitative, associative methods to investigate the relationship between halal brands and product quality with the purchasing decision of Wardah cosmetics, especially in Surabaya. The number of samples used is 100 Muslim respondents who used Wardah cosmetics products in Surabaya. The data analysis technique used is multiple correlation coefficient analysis using SPSS version 25. The study results showed that halal labeling and product quality simultaneously had a significant and robust relationship with the purchasing decision of Wardah cosmetic products. While partially, the halal labels and product quality had a moderate and meaningful relationship with the purchase decision of Wardah cosmetics products.
Impact of Credit Risk, Distribution of Interest Rate, and Liquidity on Bank Profitability
Authors: Sari Sinta Purnama
Published: January 2022

Developing Islamic finance in Indonesia is needed to strengthen a sustainable economic structure. This issue is based on the promising potential of Islamic economic and financial development. This study examines the impact of credit risk, the spread of interest rates, and liquidity on bank profitability. The population in this study is Islamic banking companies in Indonesia during the 2014-2018 period. The sample was chosen from the purposive sampling method and obtained a sample of 50 companies from several criteria. This research uses multiple linear regression analysis with the help of SPSS version 21. This research shows that credit risk and liquidity affect bank profitability. At the same time, the spread of interest rates does not affect banks' profitability.
Measurement of the Zakat Village Index in Curug Depok
Authors: Bahri Efri Syamsul , Putri Widya , P. Harto Prayogo
Published: January 2022

Zakat funds are a mandate of Allah SWT that must be distributed to mustahiq. This study aims to measure the feasibility of a village to be assisted by using zakat funds. The method used is a qualitative method using the Village Zakat Index (IDZ) model. The IDZ measurement includes five dimensions: economy, health, education, humanity, and dakwah. The research was conducted at Curug Depok. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews, questionnaires, and expert judgment consisting of village officials, RT, and the community. The results showed that the IDZ value in Curug was categorized as functional with a score of 0.79. This finding indicates that Cukug is not prioritized to be assisted by zakat funds. The dimensions with the lowest IDZ value are the economic and human dimensions of 0.61 and 0.78. This data shows that zakat institutions can implement empowerment programs focusing on economic and humanitarian programs.
SPATIOTEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF TORNADOES AND SQUALLS IN THE NORTH-WESTERN BLACK SEA REGION IN 2006-2020
Authors: Semerhei-Chumachenko A. B.  , Agayar E. V.  , Zhuk D. O.
Published: January 2022

Tornadoes and strong squalls are dangerous for almost all spheres of human life and the economy of the region. The degree of negative impact depends on their type, quantity, intensity, area of formation and geographical features of the territory. The article defines the dynamics of the number of tornadoes and strong squalls in the North-Western Black Sea region (Odessa, Nikolayev and Kherson regions of Ukraine) from 2006 to 2020.Geographical position of the south-west of Ukraine, synoptic processes and a variety of climatic conditions contribute to the frequent occurrence of severe convective phenomena and creating the extraordinary complexity of their space-time distribution. The study revealed current trends in the formation of dangerous convective phenomena in the south-west of Ukraine. One of the most squall-prone regions of Ukraine is the territory of the North-Western Black Sea region. During 2006-2020 there was an increase in the number of squalls and tornadoes in the North-Western Black Sea region in comparison with previous years.
INVESTIGATED STRINGENT REQUIREMENTS FOR LIGHT INDUSTRY PRODUCTS AND PERMISSIBLE BURROWS OF ELECTRIC CHARGE
Authors: Tkhelidze Nana  , Charkviani Irine  , Grdzelidze Maia
Published: January 2022

In article the strict requirements imposed to products of light industry by the international EKO-TEX-100 standard are considered, characteristics of the properties of biological safety of clothes produced from textile materials and a knitted cloth are given, the question of existence of an electro statistical charge in products of light industry against increase oncological and nervous a disease and its influence on health of the person is discussed.
HEAVY PRECIPITATION OCCURRENCE OVER KHERSON WEATHER STATION ACCORDING TO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND ERA5 REANALYSIS
Authors: Slobodianyk K. L.  , Semerhei-Chumachenko A. B.  , Veretnova V. O.
Published: January 2022

The paper presents the results of a study of heavy precipitation in the form of rain (> 30 mm/12 h) using data from the meteorological observations and atmospheric reanalysis ERA5 at the Kherson weather station in 2005-2021.Detected that at the Kherson there were only 19 cases of heavy rainfall, which occurred only in the warm half of the year with a maximum recurrence in July. Compared to 1961-1990, the number of heavy rains of 2005-2021 increased in July and June, and decreased in August.Determined that most of the real cases of increased precipitation in Kherson are in good agreement with the results of the ERA5 reanalysis, but in almost a third of the simulation episodes did not show heavy precipitation at the Kherson coordinates or their center was shifted.Heavy rains in Kherson were formed in a field of low atmospheric pressure, with a weak northwest wind and accompanied by thunderstorms.Clarified that most episodes of heavy rainfall in Kherson in 2005-2021 are associated with the movement of southern cyclones, others formed on the southern periphery of the anticyclone in the southwestern direction of the jet stream in the troposphere.
Pasado, presente y futuro de la enseñanza universitaria del ciberperiodismo: métodos y tendencias
Authors: Masip Pere , López-García Xosé , Díaz-Noci Javier , Palomo Bella , Salaverría Ramón , Meso-Ayerdi Koldobika
Published: January 2022

Teaching of digital journalism, or cyberjournalism, in Spanish universities is here to stay. Its long development since the first courses in this discipline were added to college curricula in the mid-1990s until the beginning of the 2020s, when the number of such courses exceeds 100, has led to the consolidation of this specialty. Based on a review of the syllabi of all courses related to cyberjournalism (n = 119) published online by Spanish universities, as well as a survey of their teachers (n = 51), the results of this study depicts the profile of teaching about digital journalism in Spain. The results confirm the relevance and academic strength of this discipline, albeit also revealing the difficulties faced by teachers in keeping their courses up to date in a context of rapid and continuous change in the journalistic profession.

Resumen
La enseñanza universitaria en España del periodismo digital, o ciberperiodismo, ha llegado para quedarse. Desde que, a mediados de los años 1990, se incorporaron las primeras materias sobre esta disciplina en los planes de estudios, hasta el comienzo de la década de 2020, cuando el número de asignaturas supera el centenar, se ha recorrido un largo camino, que ha conducido a la consolidación de esta especialidad. A partir de una revisión documental de los programas docentes de todas las asignaturas vinculadas al ciberperiodismo (n = 119) publicados online por las universidades españolas, así como de una encuesta a sus docentes (n = 51), este estudio revela el perfil de la enseñanza en torno al periodismo digital en España. Los resultados confirman la relevancia y el fortalecimiento académico de la disciplina, aunque ponen de manifiesto asimismo las dificultades de los docentes para mantener sus asignaturas actualizadas, en un contexto de rápidos y continuos cambios en la profesión periodística.
CALCULATION OF PRODUCTION RISK FROM NOISE POLLUTION FOR THE SAFETY OF WORKERS IN THE OPEN AIR
Authors:   KNUCA «Kyiv National University of Civil Engineering and Architecture», Voloshkina Olena , Kovalоva Anastasiіa ,   KNUCA «Kyiv National University of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Published: January 2022

Purpose. Studying the impact of noise pollution levels at the busiest intersections of Kyiv and determining the exceedances of normative values on the basis of national and international standards. Calculation of the probability of hearing loss under conditions of prolonged exposure to noise on the body of 40-year-old and 50-year-old workers during 30 years of service. Methods. In this paper, based on the obtained field measurement data, noise pollution on the main highways of Kyiv is analyzed. Topicality. The research is aimed at ensuring the safety of operating transport services and construction companies from the constant noise load, which creates traffic flows in the city and leads to occupational diseases. Studies have shown that at an 8-hour exposure in a worker under conditions of constant chronic noise load, there may be a shift in the audibility threshold depending on age and length of service. The method recommended by the international standard ISO1999 / 2013 can be used to determine the corrected level of noise pollution and safety of workers in the open air during the repair of highway overpasses. The scientific novelty lies in the determination of natural data on the noise load on the example of some of the busiest road junctions in Kyiv, where transport mainly moves at low speed and stands in traffic jams. The obtained average data during the working day indicate a noise load that is 18-20% higher than the normative value of workers working outdoors (80 dBA). Based on basic calculations of the probability of hearing loss because of noise pollution at an average level of 90 dBA for workers with 30 years of experience proved the need for enhanced software monitoring in areas of increased noise pollution for production sites and protection of workers for their safety. Practical significance. The research results are aimed at providing safety for workers outdoors during the repair of highways in large cities and on construction sites near major intersections. The importance of the work lies in the need to strengthen the existing dynamic control over working conditions and health of workers in the open air in the conditions of constant noise load of the city and the need to revise the requirements to the employer governing the protection of workers from noise. The research results showed that the maximum value of noise pollution in Kyiv near the main roads during the day is within the range of 87-94dBa, which is on average 11% higher than the normative value for open production sites. The probability of hearing loss of workers due to noise is 11.5% for 50-year-olds and 7% for 40-year-old workers with 30 years of service.
ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION RISK FROM CRUSHES OF ROCKS AT EXCAVATION SITES, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT WAYS OF PROTECTION
Authors:   Donetsk National Technical University, Liashok Iaroslav , Podkopaiev Serhii ,   Donetsk National Technical University, Simonova Yuliia ,   Donetsk National Technical University, Boichenko Hennadii ,   Donetsk National Technical University, Dovhal Vytalyi ,   Donetsk National Technical University, Tkachuk Oleksandr ,   Structural Unit of Public joint stock company ”Donbasenergo” “Elektroremont”
Published: January 2022

Purpose. To assess the production risk of rock collapse in a deep coal mine to identify hazards in the workplaces of the excavation site, taking into account different methods of protection of workings. Methods. A comprehensive approach was used, which included: analysis and generalization of known research; expert evaluation; use of the basic provisions of probability theory and set algebra (Venn diagrams), the method of estimating the production risk of Fine-Kinney; processing, analysis and interpretation of the obtained results. Results. Problems and sources of industrial risk from rock collapses during maintenance of workings, risk-forming factors that contribute to the threat of dangerous events at the excavation site are analyzed. The decision-making model is considered, which is based on the description of situations when the production risk of the dangerous factor “landslides and collapses” in the maintenance of preparatory workings depends on the result of choosing an alternative method of protection of the retractable lane. For excavation sites under the same mining and geological conditions for all workplaces, the probability of receiving consequences from dangerous events due to uncertain conditions of their implementation has been established. It is fixed that the realization of this production risk is influenced by low reliability and inefficiency of the practiced methods of protection of excavations. Risk analysis is defined as the systematic use of available information to identify hazards in the maintenance of long workings. Novelty. A model for monitoring the production risk of rock collapses in excavations of deep coal mines is proposed, which allows assessing the dynamics of the threat at the stage of technical decisions related to the choice and justification of the method of protection of workings taking into account the interaction of risk factors. Practical significance. When formulating measures to reduce the risk of dangerous events at the excavation site, it is necessary to take into account that the production risk of rock collapse while maintaining the workings depends largely on the method of protection and effectiveness of technological measures.
EVALUATION OF FIRE RESISTANCE OF FIRE PROTECTED STEEL STRUCTURES
Authors:   National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine, Kovalov Andrii , Otrosh Yurii ,   National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine, Tomenko Vitalii ,   Cherkasy Institute of Fire Safety of National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine, Kondratiev Andrii ,   Kharkiv National University of Municipal Economy named after O.M. Beketova
Published: January 2022

Purpose. Evaluation of fire resistance of fire-resistant steel structures using the developed calculation and experimental method. Methods. Finite difference method, landfill fire test method, mathematical and computer modeling of non-stationary heat exchange processes, determination of thermophysical characteristics of fire-retardant coatings based on solving direct and inverse thermal conductivity problems. Results. Geometric, physical, computer models have been developed, with the help of which the fire resistance of fire-resistant steel structures has been evaluated by the calculation-experimental method. The adequacy of the developed method for assessing the fire resistance of fire-resistant steel structures in assessing the fire resistance of fire-resistant I-beam steel column has been checked. The analysis of tests on fire resistance of fire-resistant steel columns exposed to fire at the standard temperature of the fire without the load applied to them has been carried out. A computer model of the “steel column – reactive flame retardant coating” system has been built for numerical simulation of non-stationary heating of such a system. The fire resistance of fire-resistant steel columns of I-beam section without load applied to them has been evaluated using the calculation-experimental method. Verification of results of experimental research with results of numerical modeling has been carried out. Scientific novelty. The convergence of the results of experimental data on the duration of fire exposure at the standard temperature of the fire to reach the critical temperature of steel with the results of numerical simulations has been determined. Based on the comparison of the experimental results and numerical modeling, the adequacy of the developed model to the real processes that occur when heating fire-retardant steel columns without applying a load under fire conditions at a standard fire temperature has been confirmed. The efficiency of the proposed calculation and experimental method for assessing the fire resistance of fire-resistant steel structures has been confirmed. Practical significance. It consists in the implementation of the results on objects of different purposes in assessing the fire resistance of fire-resistant steel structures by evaluating the effectiveness of fire-retardant coatings of steel building structures.
ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION RISK ON EXAMPLES OF MINERS ‘LABOR
Authors:   Donetsk National Technical University, Kostyuchenko Mikhail , Gogo Volodymyr ,   Donetsk National Technical University, Kobilyansky Boris ,   Primary-scientific professional-pedagogical Institute of the Ukrainian Engineering-Pedagogical Academy, Kruzhilko Oleg ,   TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY «METINVEST POLYTECHNIC, Yefremov Ihor ,   Donetsk National Technical University, Hriadushchyi Kyrylo ,   Research Institute of Mining Mechanics named after M.M. Fedorov, Tkachuk Oleksandr ,   Public joint stock company ”Donbasenergo” “Elektroremont”
Published: January 2022

Objective: Based on the review of the array of publications to analyze the methods and models of general risk assessment, the nature of industrial risks and management processes on the examples of labor of coal miners. Propose a classification of mathematical models of industrial risk and identify the most appropriate model for the work of miners in the stochastic system “man-machine-environment”. Methodology: Applied to the use of situational analysis, qualimetry, probability theory and risk theory, methods of classification of occupational risks. Results: Based on a systematic analysis of multifactorial risks of emergency situations, the essence of industrial risks and management processes on the examples of coal miners, the dominant causes of industrial risk in the ergatic system (“man – machine – environment”), models and methods of risk research. Scientific novelty: For the first time on the basis of the analysis of the reasons, dynamics and consequences of industrial risks the classification of mathematical models of risks which are adapted to ergatic systems of mine production is offered. Practical value: The need for adequate practical application of risk methods and models for the assessment and measurement of industrial hazards has been proven.
DEVELOPMENT DEPTH AS COMPLICATION FACTOR OF WORKING OFF CONDITIONS OF COAL SEAMS
Authors:   Public higher education institution Donetsk National Technical University, Nehrii Serhii , Nehrii Tetiana ,   Public higher education institution Donetsk National Technical University, Shepelenko Ruslana ,   Public higher education institution Donetsk National Technical University, Kachalov Mykyta ,   Public higher education institution Donetsk National Technical University
Published: January 2022

Purpose: development of a scientific approach to clarify the areas of technologies application for mining roadways protection on the depth of mining operations. Methodology. Analysis and generalization of the results of scientific and technical research on the impact of natural phenomena on the process of coal mining. Graphoanalytical establishment of application and areasand determination of critical depths for protection mining roadways technologies. Results. Was studied and generalized the information on the influence of natural phenomena on the process of coal mining with the transition of mining to great depths. The necessity of determining the critical depths, exceeding which complicate the conditions of coal seams development due to the negative manifestations of natural phenomena, which requires changes in the technology of mining. Critical depths for different conditions, phenomena and technologies are different. For gas-saturated seams, they are determined by the methane-bearing capacity of seams, production intensity and ventilation conditions of underground roadways, for seams prone to gas-dynamic phenomena – they are determined by the stress-strain state (SSS) and strength of surrounding rocks. The critical depth in the application of protection roadways technologies also depends on the SSS of rocks and their strength. Therefore, a scientific approach has been developed to clarify the areas of application of technologies for the protection of mining roadways on the depth of mining. The critical depths are determined by the strength conditions of the rocks according to the relevant criteria. It based on the Ncr/Rc criterion, graphoanalytical method for determining the areas of application and determining the critical depths for different technologies of protection mining roadways was proposed. Scientific novelty: was developed a scientific approach to clarify the areas of application of protection mining roadways technologies on the depth of mining. Practical significance: the proposed approach to clarify the areas of application for the protection of mining roadways technologies at different depths simplifies the search for effective engineering solutions during planning mining operations.
PROSPECTS OF USING NATURAL BLOCK STONE AS A SUPPORTING BUILDING STRUCTURE
Authors:   Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University, Khomenchuk Oleh , Ostafiychuk Nelya ,   Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University, Kolodii Marina ,   Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University, Skyba Galyna ,   Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University
Published: January 2022

Purpose. Research of reinforcement methods of natural block stone and possibilities of its application as a load-bearing building structure. Methods. The study used such general logical methods as generalization, analysis and synthesis, analogy, abstraction and modelling. Results. Disadvantages of traditional technology of mining of raw materials for concrete production and the factors that increase the final cost of concrete structures are considered. Advantages and disadvantages of natural block stone in comparison with reinforced concrete building structures on the example of foundation blocks are considered. In order to reduce the cost, improve performance and give the production more flexibility, it is proposed to make such blocks of natural stone blocks with low decorative value. The analysis of known methods of reinforcement of natural stone is made, and the scheme of reinforcement of the block is developed. In order to develop effective reinforcement of such blocks, it is proposed to place the longitudinal reinforcement in the holes drilled in the block before its removal from massif, and fill them with self-expanding cement. Known methods of strengthening the inclined sections of reinforced concrete beams without transverse reinforcement are considered. To strengthen the inclined sections of the natural stone block, it is proposed to use a similar system of external reinforcement of reinforced concrete beams with carbon fiber-based tapes, which are glued with epoxy resins. Scientific novelty. For the first time in the general case, it is proposed to use natural block stone, reinforced with internal and external reinforcement, as a load-bearing structural element of the prefabricated ferro-stone foundation. Practical significance. Preliminary calculation of the minimum allowable distance from the inner wall of the holes for reinforcement rods to the outer surface of the unit without taking into account the inhomogeneities and defects that may occur in the rock, and additional loads during operation of such a unit was made. The obtained result is determined by the pressure of the cement mortar, which expands itself. If this distance is reduced, the whole wall may be destroyed. The issues that need to be solved to substantiate the proposed method of manufacturing foundation blocks, which will use all the benefits of natural stone and reduce the cost of manufacturing foundation blocks, are formulated.
JUSTIFICATION OF PARAMETERS FOR SELECTING EQUIPMENT FOR EXTINGUISHING WASTE COAL
Authors:   Institute for Physics of Mining Processes of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Chobotko Ihor
Published: January 2022

Purpose. Investigation of the choice of parameters of equipment for extinguishing coal mining wastes that go to the formation of waste dumps, the choice of the main components of equipment for the operation of technological units and a schematic diagram of equipment for extinguishing coal mining wastes are proposed. Methods. Analysis of existing approaches to technological solutions to prevent combustion of waste dumps; environmental assessment of alternative options for technological solutions to prevent combustion of waste dumps; creation of an environmentally friendly design technology for the use of coal mining waste. Results. Based on in-depth analysis of the main components of technological units for the operation of the equipment, MFP FullJet irrigation nozzles by Spraying Systems Co. were proposed. – USA, their main advantages are considered. The expediency of using a hydraulic network, which includes pipelines made of polypropylene material produced by “Aquatherm” – Germany, are substantiated; the main component of the pipelines is the material “Fusiolen”, the advantages of which are given in the article. An integral part is pumping equipment, consisting of centrifugal pumps for water supply (1VNS 60-66) and (VNSp 2.5) for supplying limestone suspension to irrigation nozzles of the transporting dump mass. Scientific novelty. Equipment for extinguishing coal mining waste (rock dumps) resistant to spontaneous combustion is proposed, in which the introduction of new structural elements and their interconnection is achieved by the continuous control and management of spraying per unit of the transported surface of the dump rock, dispersed with an inert substance (lime suspension), which prevents the formation of active combustion centers during the operation of waste heaps. Timely coverage of the dump mass with an inert substance reduces the time of contact of the rock with the environment, which is an important stage in the formation of rock dumps, especially of a conical shape, reduces the cost of operation and maintenance due to the formation of fire-resistant dumps, regardless of the influence of environmental conditions. Practical implication. Efficiency from the use of equipment for extinguishing coal waste can be obtained due to the continuous work achieved by covering the dump mass with an inert mixture during transportation, this reduces the contact of the rock with the environment, which is an important stage in the formation of rock dumps of a particularly conical shape, and reduces operating costs and their maintenance due to the formation of fire-resistant waste dumps regardless of the influence of environmental conditions.
PHYSICAL PREREQUISITES FOR GAS PERMEABILITY SIMULATION OF MINED ROCK MASS
Authors:   Dnipro University of Technology, Shashenko Oleksandr , Cherednyk Vladyslava ,   Dnipro University of Technology, Khoziaikina Natalia ,   Dnipro University of Technology, Shashenko Dmitro ,   Dnipro University of Technology
Published: January 2022

Purpose. Justification of the gas collectors formation physical model on the basis of research of conformity of permeability of rock mass to the full diagram of rock sample deformation. Methodology consists in sequential analysis of the stages of the complete deformation diagram of the rock specimen under “hard” loading, comparing them with the stages of formation of the high stress zone in front of the lava bottom and statistical analysis of laboratory test results. Results. Based on the rock’s deformation properties analysis and their comparison with the rock sample full deformation diagram, the physical model of formation of gas reservoirs during the development of gas-saturated coal seam is substantiated. Within the solved problem framework, four stages of the complete deformation process are analyzed, namely: elastic, at the limit of strength, out-of-bounds stage and equivoluminal flow zone. The gas collector boundaries, which are the characteristic points of the rock sample deformation diagram in specified deformations mode (the limit of elastic strength and the limit of final strength) are determined. It is proved that the structural and textural features of the coal mass in connection with the course of gas-dynamic processes are manifested in the change in the pores and cracks volume contained in it, which together make the filtration space. Knowledge regarding the transfer of the permeability changes established regularities and free methane accumulation zones formation to the real rock mass, if the process of its forgery is considered as a consistent change of geomechanical states of rocks, is obtained. Scientific novelty lies in the first substantiated possibility of modeling the stress state before the longwall face by equivalent stages of the rock sample destruction in the given deformations mode. Gradual comparative analysis of the internal mechanism of rock samples deformation along the complete deformation diagram allowed establishing causal relationships between geomechanical and gas-dynamic processes in coal mass, and qualitatively characterizing general trends in permeability and volumetric expansion in changes of these samples. Practical value of the work lies in the justification of the principle of construction of a digital geomechanical model for the detection of man-made gas collectors in a mined coal mass.
FEATURES OF THE BEHAVIOR OF A SHOCK WAVE IN A CHANNEL WITH WALLS OF DIFFERENT STIFFNESS
Authors:   National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine, Vasilchenko Alexey , Danilin Olexandr ,   National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine, Lutsenko Tatiana ,   National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine, Nadyon Elena ,   National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine, Ruban Artem ,   National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine
Published: January 2022

Purpose of work. Determination of the terms of weakening the destructive action of a shock wave during its propagation in the channels of mining workings or long communication premises of industrial buildings in an emergency explosion. Methods. Using an analytical research method based on the main provisions of theory of combustion and explosion. Construction and analysis of the physical model of formation and distribution of a shock wave in the channel. Results. The problem of weakening of a shock wave during its propagation in long channels of mining workings or communication passageways of industrial buildings with a potentially explosive atmosphere is considered. It is shown that when an explosion in the channel is formed by a head shock wave with a flat front, dynamic pressure which significantly exceeds the pressure on the fronts of falling and reflected shock waves that form the head shock wave. A physical model of formation and distribution of a shock wave in a channel with walls of different rigidity is proposed. It is shown that if one of the walls of the channel is mobile or easily deformed, it leads to a violation of the geometry of the plane front of the head shock wave and its weakening. Moreover, the reconstruction of the plane front of the head shock wave can occur at a distance of not less than 6-8 channel width. On the basis of this observation, the need to arrange explosion-relief valves in channels of mining workings or communication premises of industrial buildings with a potentially explosive atmosphere is substantiated. Novelty. A physical model of the formation and propagation of a shock wave in a channel with walls of different stiffness is proposed. The necessity of equipping explosion-relief valves in the long communication channels of mine workings and buildings with increased explosion hazard to attenuate the shock wave is substantiated. Practical significance. Arrangement of expanders with explosion-relief valves with dimensions comparable to the channel diameter and intervals between them up to 8 channel diameters in long communication channels of mine workings and buildings with increased explosion hazard will lead to weakening of the shock wave and reduction of its destructive effect.
Semiotika Rambu-Rambu Lalu Lintas Laut
Authors: Surnata Surnata , Nufus Hayatun , Alam Kodrat , Agustini Elfita
Published: January 2022

Rambu lalu lintas adalah bagian dari perlengkapan jalan yang memuat lambang, huruf, angka, serta kalimat dan perpaduan di dalamnya dan berfungsi untuk memberikan peringatan, larangan, perintah, dan petunjuk bagi para pengguna jalan. Warna dan bentuk sebuah rambu lalu lintas mengandung makna yang tidak dipahami semua orang. Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah “Bagaimanakah semiotika rambu-rambu lalu lintas pada sistem pelampung suar lateral dan pelampung suar kardinal?” Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan  sistem pelampung suar lateral dan pelampung suar kardinal. Metode yang digunakan oleh penulis pada penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif. Hasil penelitian warna yang terdapat pada buoy cardinal dan lateral menunjukkan fungsi dan posisi buoy tersebut seperti warna pada tiang yang berwana kuning pada bagian dan hitam pada bagian bawah atau peletakan warna yang bervariasi. Warna hijau dan merah pada buoy lateral menunjukkan posisi tanda teresebut seperti kiri atau di posisi kanan kapal. Begitupun dengan bentuk cardinal lateral, jika pada bagian atas runcing berarti itu buoy yang berkedudukan di sebelah kanan, jika buoy lateral berbentuk tumpul artinya posisi buoy tersebut berada di sebelah kiri. Warna yang terdapat pada buoy cardinal dan lateral menunjukkan fungsi dan posisi buoy tersebut seperti warna pada tiang yang berwana kuning pada bagian dan hitam pada bagian bawah atau peletakan warna yang bervariasi. Warna hijau dan merah pada buoy lateral menunjukkan posisi tanda teresebut seperti kiri atau di posisi kanan kapal. Begitupun dengan bentuk cardinal lateral, jika pada bagian atas runcing berarti itu buoy yang berkedudukan di sebelah kanan, jika buoy lateral berbentuk tumpul artinya posisi buoy tersebut berada di sebelah kiri.
Sexual Harassment in Universities: Situational	Analysis in Pakistan
Authors: Naz Farah Latif , Anjum Shabiha , Masood Mozza
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the study was to analyze "sexual harassment and its psychological effects on the students at the university level." The objectives of the study were to identify the awareness and the causes of sexual harassment among university students. The main purpose of the study was to identify the factors that caused the increasing rate of sexual harassment in educational institutions. The data was collected with a five-point Like rt scale that consisted of thirty-nine (39 statements). The statements were further divided into five (05) factors. The factors related to ethnicity and gender, awareness about sexual harassment act, causes of sexual harassment, reporting of sexual harassment, psychological impacts of sexual harassment. A sample of three hundred (300) students was randomly selected out of the whole population of Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, from fifteen departments with equal ratios, male (150) and female (150) students were selected. The obtained scores were analyzed using different statistical methods. SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) was used for statistical data analysis. The results show that at university, girls try to impress others with their styles and gestures. This research indicated that psychological effects on the students are notable as they suffered mental trauma, stress, and anxiety.
Availability of Special Education Related Services and Incentives for Children with Special Needs in Government Special Education Centres in Punjab: A Survey of Parental Perception
Authors: Yasmeen Ghazala , Saadi Azhar Mumtaz
Published: January 2022

Parents' involvement in the rehabilitation process is very important. Parental views about the availability of related services and incentives are the significant indicators of their required particular needs. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the level of available related services and incentives in special education centers and to highlight their specific and suggestions for improvement of these services for students of four disabilities studying in these centers. A survey was conducted from 2019 to 2020 to collect data about demographic characteristics and information about related services and incentives provided to these special students from their parents and also their suggestions to improve these services. The sample consisted of 36 government special education centers at the Tehsil level, from which 479 questionnaires, filled by the parents of students, were received back. The results emphasized the low education and income of the parents, increasing incidence of disability in the families of special children, lack of available services and incentives in these centers, and acknowledged parental suggestions and recommendations. It was concluded from the survey that future planning of provisions of related services and incentives might be more helpful and effective if based on the requirements and preferences conveyed by parents of special students with four disabilities.
The Impact of different Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Stock Markets in South Asian Countries
Authors: Ishtiaq Muhammad , Imtiaz Aisha , Mushtaq Hina
Published: January 2022

The crisis of COVID-19 comes with a calamitous economic stance. The South Asian countries experience their nastiest economic performance in the last four decenniums, and a moiety of the countries are falling into recession. This paper checks the impact of the first,second and third waves of COVID-19 outbreak on the stock market indices of all the South Asian countries, including India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, SriLanka, Bangladesh, Maldives, Nepal, and Bhutan. The study has utilized the Event Study Methodology and results exhibit that COVID-19 decreases the mean returns of all the stock market indices and increases their volatility,which designates that Corona does influence all the stock markets of South Asia in decrementing their returns and incrementing volatility. Overall, the negative effect of the first wave of COVID-19 is not paramount across all the indices except the National Stock Exchange of India (NSE), albeit its second wave did not affect any of the stock market indices significantly. In contrast,the third wave affects the stock markets indices of Pakistan (PSX) and Afghanistan (AFX).
The Perceptions of Veterinary University Students towards Online English Learning Classes during COVID-19
Authors: Khaliq Abdul , Ahmad Rasheed , Noor Ul Ain
Published: January 2022

Online learning has got penetration in the system of formal teaching-learning in covid-19 context. It has transformed the teaching methodology from traditional Physical classes to online classes due to the closure of educational institutes. The current study is significant as it aims to explore the perceptions of veterinary University students towards online classes using self-determination theory. The data were gatheredfrom150 above stated English learning students through a questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS. The findings support that learning can happen within online classes, depending on the teacher’s methodology and strategies in online classes. The results are effective for higher education institutes in determining the level of motivation and perceptions respondents have while taking English courses online, which can be made interactive by developing outcome-based courses with the integration of technology to fit the needs of modern education in the post-Covid-19 world.