bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dialysate regeneration via urea photodecomposition with TiO2 nanowires at therapeutic rates
Authors: Shao Guozheng , Tang Hao , Ren Shen , Creason Sharon A. , Faisal Syed , Galperin Anna , Aliseda Alberto , Gao Dayong , Ratner Buddy , Hinds Bruce J.
Published: March 2023

Background

The standard weekly treatment for end‐stage renal disease patients is three 4‐h‐long hemodialysis sessions with each session c'onsuming over 120 L of clean dialysate, which prevents the development of portable or continuous ambulatory dialysis treatments. The regeneration of a small (~1 L) amount of dialysate would enable treatments that give conditions close to continuous hemostasis and improve patient quality of life through mobility.

Methods

Small‐scale studies have shown that nanowires of TiO2 are highly efficient at photodecomposing urea into CO2 and N2 when using an applied bias and an air permeable cathode. To enable the demonstration of a dialysate regeneration system at therapeutically useful rates, a scalable microwave hydrothermal synthesis of single crystal TiO2 nanowires grown directly from conductive substrates was developed. These were incorporated into 1810 cm2 flow channel arrays. The regenerated dialysate samples were treated with activated carbon (2 min at 0.2 g/mL).

Results

The photodecomposition system achieved the therapeutic target of 14.2 g urea removal in 24 h. TiO2 electrode had a high urea removal photocurrent efficiency of 91%, with less than 1% of the decomposed urea generating NH4+ (1.04 μg/h/cm2), 3% generating NO3− and 0.5% generating chlorine species. Activated carbon treatment could reduce total chlorine concentration from 0.15 to <0.02 mg/L. The regenerated dialysate showed significant cytotoxicity which could be removed by treatment with activated carbon. Additionally, a forward osmosis membrane with sufficient urea flux can cut off the mass transfer of the by‐products back into the dialysate.

Conclusion

Urea could be removed from spent dialysate at a therapeutic rate using a TiO2 based photooxidation unit, which can enable portable dialysis systems.
Normothermic machine perfusion for older transplant recipients
Authors: Shubin Andrew D. , Feizpour Cyrus A. , Hwang Christine S. , Hanish Steven I. , Raschzok Nathanael , Wang Benjamin K. , Desai Dev M. , Shah Jigesh A. , Vagefi Parsia A. , MacConmara Malcolm P. , Patel Madhukar S.
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Elderly patients (≥65 years old) are increasingly undergoing liver transplantation and are more likely to be removed from the waitlist. Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) holds promise in expanding the number of livers available for transplant and improving outcomes for marginal donors and recipients. We aimed to determine the impact of NMP on outcomes in elderly recipients at our institution and nationally using the UNOS database.

Methods

The use of NMP on outcomes in elderly recipients was reviewed using both the UNOS/SRTR database (2016–2022) and institutional data (2018–2020). Characteristics and clinical outcomes were compared between the NMP and static cold (control) groups within both populations.

Results

Nationally, using the UNOS/SRTR database, we identified 165 elderly recipients from 28 centers who received a liver allograft undergoing NMP and 4270 that underwent traditional cold static storage. NMP donors were older (48.3 vs. 43.4 years,p < 0.01), had similar rates of steatosis (8.5% vs 8.5%,p = 0.58), were more likely to be from a DCD (41.8% vs 12.3%,p < 0.01), and had a higher donor risk index (DRI; 1.70 vs. 1.60,p < 0.02). NMP recipients had similar age but had a lower MELD score at transplant (17.9 vs. 20.7,p = 0.01). Despite increased marginality of the donor graft, NMP recipients had similar allograft survival and decreased length of stay, even after accounting for recipient characteristics including MELD. Institutional data showed that 10 elderly recipients underwent NMP and 68 underwent cold static storage. At our institution, NMP recipients had a similar length of stay, rates of complications, and readmissions.

Conclusions

NMP may mitigate donor risk factors that are relative contraindications for transplantation in elderly liver recipients, increasing the donor pool. The application of NMP in older recipients should be considered.
The Approach‐Avoidance Job Crafting Scale: Development and validation of a measurement of the hierarchical structure of job crafting
Authors: Lopper Elisa , Horstmann Kai T. , Hoppe Annekatrin
Published: March 2023

The Approach‐Avoidance Job Crafting Scale (AAJCS) builds on our adjusted version of a hierarchical structure of job crafting by Zhang and Parker from 2019. In developing and validating the new AAJCS, we, first, developed the German items in a stepwise procedure (pilot study). Second, we tested the factor structure and reliability (Study 1). Third, we replicated previous results and tested the construct validity (Study 2). Fourth, we ensured the criterion validity of the AAJCS (Study 3). The results suggested the existence of two independent factors, namely, approach and avoidance crafting, rather than a global job crafting factor. Furthermore, approach and avoidance crafting each consist of four job crafting dimensions, thus reflecting the hierarchical structure of job crafting. Within these dimensions, aspects of previous job crafting concepts are integrated. The distinction between approach and avoidance crafting became apparent in the comparison of their criterion validities as follows: Approach crafting was positively related to work‐related outcomes, while avoidance crafting was negatively associated with work engagement and performance. Furthermore, approach and avoidance crafting exhibited incremental validity with regard to predict work engagement and performance beyond previous job crafting concepts. Approach crafting was positively associated while avoidance crafting was negatively associated with work engagement and performance.
Convolutional neural network‐based automated maxillary alveolar bone segmentation on cone‐beam computed tomography images
Authors: Fontenele Rocharles Cavalcante , Gerhardt Maurício do Nascimento , Picoli Fernando Fortes , Van Gerven Adriaan , Nomidis Stefanos , Willems Holger , Freitas Deborah Queiroz , Jacobs Reinhilde
Published: March 2023

Objectives

To develop and assess the performance of a novel artificial intelligence (AI)‐driven convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based tool for automated three‐dimensional (3D) maxillary alveolar bone segmentation on cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.

Materials and Methods

A total of 141 CBCT scans were collected for performing training (n = 99), validation (n = 12), and testing (n = 30) of the CNN model for automated segmentation of the maxillary alveolar bone and its crestal contour. Following automated segmentation, the 3D models with under‐ or overestimated segmentations were refined by an expert for generating a refined‐AI (R‐AI) segmentation. The overall performance of CNN model was assessed. Also, 30% of the testing sample was randomly selected and manually segmented to compare the accuracy of AI and manual segmentation. Additionally, the time required to generate a 3D model was recorded in seconds (s).

Results

The accuracy metrics of automated segmentation showed an excellent range of values for all accuracy metrics. However, the manual method (95% HD: 0.20 ± 0.05 mm; IoU: 95% ± 3.0; DSC: 97% ± 2.0) showed slightly better performance than the AI segmentation (95% HD: 0.27 ± 0.03 mm; IoU: 92% ± 1.0; DSC: 96% ± 1.0). There was a statistically significant difference of the time‐consumed among the segmentation methods (p < .001). The AI‐driven segmentation (51.5 ± 10.9 s) was 116 times faster than the manual segmentation (5973.3 ± 623.6 s). The R‐AI method showed intermediate time‐consumed (1666.7 ± 588.5 s).

Conclusion

Although the manual segmentation showed slightly better performance, the novel CNN‐based tool also provided a highly accurate segmentation of the maxillary alveolar bone and its crestal contour consuming 116 times less than the manual approach.
Do patron bans affect subsequent behaviour? An examination of pre‐ and post‐ban offending for barring notice and prohibition order recipients in Western Australia
Authors: Farmer Clare , Miller Peter G. , Taylor Nicholas , Baldwin Ryan
Published: March 2023

Introduction

To explore whether receipt of either of two patron banning provisions currently used in Western Australia—in response to alcohol‐related disorderly and anti‐social behaviour—is associated with changes to subsequent offending.

Method

Western Australia Police de‐identified the offender records and associated data for 3440 individuals who had received one or more police‐imposed barring notice/s between 2011 and 2020, and 319 individuals who had received one or more prohibition orders between 2013 and 2020. The number of offences recorded for each recipient before and after the first notice/order were examined to understand the potential effect of both provisions upon subsequent offending.

Results

The low number of repeat barring notices (5% of the total) and prohibition orders (1% of the total) points to their general success. Analysis of offending records before and after receipt/expiry of either provision indicates that both have a generally positive effect on subsequent behaviours. For all barring notice recipients, 52% recorded no further offences and for all prohibition order recipients, 58% recorded no further offences. There was a less positive effect for the sub‐set of multiple ban recipients and prolific offenders.

Discussion and Conclusions

Barring notices and prohibition orders appear to have a generally positive effect on subsequent behaviours for the majority of recipients. More targeted interventions are recommended for repeat offenders, for whom patron banning provisions have a more limited effect.
Inverse association between glucose variability and body fat in type 2 diabetes with impaired endogenous insulin secretion assessed using continuous glucose monitoring: A prospective observational study
Authors: Miya Aika , Nakamura Akinobu , Suzuki Yuka , Nomoto Hiroshi , Kameda Hiraku , Cho Kyu Yong , Ito Yoichi M. , Nagai So , Miyoshi Hideaki , Atsumi Tatsuya
Published: March 2023

Aim

To evaluate the contribution of body fat mass and serum adiponectin concentration to glucose variability (GV) stability in people with type 2 diabetes with impaired versus preserved endogenous insulin secretion.

Materials and methods

This multicentre prospective observational study included 193 people with type 2 diabetes who underwent ambulatory continuous glucose monitoring, abdominal computed tomography and fasting blood sampling. A fasting C‐peptide (FCP) concentration >2 ng/mL was defined as preserved endogenous insulin secretion. The participants were divided into high (FCP > 2 ng/mL) and low FCP subgroups (FCP ≤ 2 ng/mL). Multivariate regression analysis was performed in each subgroup.

Results

In the high FCP subgroup, the coefficient of variation (CV) in GV was unrelated to abdominal fat area. In the low FCP subgroup, a high CV was significantly related to small abdominal visceral fat area (β = –0.11, standard error 0.03; P < 0.05) and to small subcutaneous fat area (β = –0.09, standard error 0.04; P < 0.05). No significant relationship between serum adiponectin concentration and continuous glucose monitoring‐related variables was found.

Conclusions

The contribution of body fat mass to GV depends on the endogenous insulin secretion residue. A small body fat area has independent adverse effects on GV in people with type 2 diabetes and impaired endogenous insulin secretion.
Which factors affect the sustainability of pension schemes?
Authors: Outlioua Said , Fazouane Abdesselam
Published: March 2023

This article seeks to determine the most influential factors on the sustainability of a pension system. To this end, an empirical analysis was conducted on a sample of 13 countries, with different characteristics, according to three criteria: the size of the pension system's assets, the old‐age dependency ratio and the success of the system according to the Mercer CFA Institute Global Pension Index. The results of this preliminary study show that countries with successful pension systems share a high rate of formal employment, good political stability, high life expectancy at birth, and a good rate of coverage by the pension system.
Stimulation better targets fast‐ripple generating networks in super responders to the responsive neurostimulator system
Authors: Weiss Shennan Aibel , Eliashiv Dawn , Stern John , Rubinstein Daniel , Fried Itzhak , Wu Chengyuan , Sharan Ashwini , Engel Jerome , Staba Richard , Sperling Michael R.
Published: March 2023

How responsive neurostimulation (RNS) decreases seizure frequency is unclear. Stimulation may alter epileptic networks during inter‐ictal epochs. Definitions of the epileptic network vary but fast ripples (FRs) may be an important substrate. We, therefore, examined whether stimulation of FR‐generating networks differed in RNS super responders and intermediate responders. In 10 patients, with subsequent RNS placement, we detected FRs from stereo‐electroencephalography (SEEG) contacts during pre‐surgical evaluation. The normalized coordinates of the SEEG contacts were compared with those of the eight RNS contacts, and RNS‐stimulated SEEG contacts were defined as those within 1.5 cm3 of the RNS contacts. We compared the post‐RNS placement seizure outcome to (1) the ratio of stimulated SEEG contacts in the seizure‐onset zone (SOZ stimulation ratio [SR]); (2) the ratio of FR events on stimulated contacts (FR SR); and (3) the global efficiency of the FR temporal correlational network on stimulated contacts (FR SGe). We found that the SOZ SR (p = .18) and FR SR (p = .06) did not differ in the RNS super responders and intermediate responders, but the FR SGe did (p = .02). In super responders, highly active desynchronous sites of the FR network were stimulated. RNS that better targets FR networks, as compared to the SOZ, may reduce epileptogenicity more.
Intensified Competition and The Impact on Credit Ratings in the RMBS market
Authors: van Breemen Vivian M. , Fabozzi Frank J. , Vink Dennis
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we empirically investigate the impact of intensified competition on rating quality in the credit rating market for residential mortgage‐backed securities (RMBS) in the period 2017–2020. We provide evidence that competition between large credit rating agencies (CRAs) (Moody's and Standard & Poor's) and newer smaller ones (Dominion Bond Rating Service Morningstar and Kroll Bond Rating Agency) creates credit rating inconsistencies in the RMBS market. While a credit rating should solely represent the underlying credit risk of a RMBS, irrespective of the competition in the market, our results show that this is not the case. When competitive pressure is higher, both large and small CRAs tend to adjust their rating standards (smaller CRAs react to large CRAs and vice versa).
Maternal epigenetic factors in embryonic and postnatal development
Authors: Nishimura Hiromi , Ikawa Yayoi , Kajikawa Eriko , Shimizu‐Mizuno Natsumi , Hiver Sylvain , Tabata‐Okamoto Namine , Mori Masashi , Kitajima Tomoya , Hayashi Tetsutaro , Yoshimura Mika , Umeda Mana , Nikaido Itoshi , Kurokawa Mineo , Watanabe Toshio , Hamada Hiroshi
Published: March 2023

Maternal factors present in oocytes and surrounding granulosa cells influence early development of embryos. In this study, we searched for epigenetic regulators that are expressed in oocytes and/or granulosa cells. Some of the 120 epigenetic regulators examined were expressed specifically in oocytes and/or granulosa cells. When their expression was examined in young versus aged oocytes or granulosa cells, many were significantly up‐ or downregulated in aged cells. The maternal role of six genes in development was investigated by generating oocyte‐specific knock‐out (MKO) mice. Two genes (Mllt10,Kdm2b) did not show maternal effects on later development, whereas maternal effects were evident forKdm6a,Kdm4a,Prdm3, andPrdm16for MKO female mice. Offspring fromKdm6aMKO mice underwent perinatal lethality at a higher rate. Pups derived fromPrdm3;Prdm16double MKO showed a higher incidence of postnatal death. Finally, embryos derived fromKdm4aMKO mice showed early developmental defects as early as the peri‐implantation stage. These results suggest that many of maternal epigenetic regulators undergo differential expression upon aging. Some, such as Kdm4a, Kdm6a, Prdm3, and Prdm16, have maternal role in later embryonic or postnatal development.
WITH SPLINTERS (OR STARS) IN OUR EYES: ON READING THE FRANKFURT SCHOOL WITH MARTIN JAY
Authors: Ball Karyn
Published: March 2023

This mostly admiring review article focuses on Martin Jay's 2020 essay collection entitled Splinters in Your Eye: Frankfurt School Provocations. Though it highlights details and insights from nearly every essay in the collection, the review devotes significant attention to chapter 4, which focuses on the relationship of the Frankfurt School's first‐generation scholars with Sigmund Freud. The departure point for my engagement with Jay's fourth chapter is the translation of the German word Trieb (drive) as “instinct” throughout The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud. Although Jay's treatment of Max Horkheimer's, Theodor W. Adorno's, and Herbert Marcuse's recourses to Freudian psychoanalysis emphasizes their abiding commitment to Freud's theory of instinctual forces (over and against objections to his biologism), the question of whether a drive differs from an instinct does not arise. This question therefore offers an occasion to speculate on how distinguishing more firmly between instinct and drive might matter for the Frankfurt School's opposition between first and second nature. Though I praise Jay's decision to include a chapter on Miriam Hansen's Benjaminian revision of the public sphere, I also criticize his practice, in this volume at least, of consigning most scholarship authored by women to the endnotes rather than engaging with it in the main text.
Effect of ceramic matrix compositions on pore structure and properties of lightweight foamed ceramics
Authors: Wang Yuzheng , Zhou Miao , Li Laishi , Wu Yusheng , Xu Pengchen , Ma Minglong
Published: March 2023

Foamed ceramics were prepared with polishing slag and shale as raw materials. According to the phase diagram of CaO‐MgO‐Al2O3‐SiO2, a reasonable composition system was designed to obtain foamed ceramics with good property. The related properties of foamed ceramics were characterized by X‐ray fluorescence, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy disperse spectroscopy, etc. The results indicate that, when the amount of polishing slag and shale are 30% and 60% respectively, foamed ceramic with bulk density of 0.225 g·cm−3 has good compressive strength and thermal conductivity, which are 1.95 MPa and 0.065 W/m·K, respectively. The element compositions of the matrix materials affect the melt viscosity, resulting in glass phase separation and the crystallization. The main phases of the foamed ceramics are anorthite CaSi2Al2O8, spinel MgAl2O4 and spinel Mg(Al, Fe)2O4. The internal relationship among melt, pores, and crystal precipitates was discussed.
Central venous access device practice across haematology and oncology centres in Australia and New Zealand: a cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Yuen Hiu L. A. , Weinkove Robert , Ullman Amanda , Marsh Nicole , Rickard Claire M. , Chunilal Sanjeev , McQuilten Zoe
Published: March 2023

Central venous access devices (CVADs) are commonly used in malignancies. We conducted an online, anonymous cross‐sectional survey of practice regarding CVAD management in haematology centres among clinicians in Australia and New Zealand. We identified variation in clinical practice regarding CVAD selection, insertion, management and removal. These findings highlight research gaps in CVAD care.
Five decades of CPS wages, methods, and union‐nonunion wage gaps at Unionstats.com
Authors: Macpherson David A. , Hirsch Barry T.
Published: March 2023

Unionstats.com provides annual measures of union, nonunion, and overall wages, beginning in 1973, compiled from the U.S. Current Population Surveys. Regression‐based union wage gap estimates are presented economy‐wide, for demographic groups, and sectors (private/public, industries). Union wage gaps are higher in the private than in the public sector, higher for men than women, roughly similar for black and white men, and much higher for Hispanic men than for Hispanic women. The database is updated annually.
Patient perceptions and understanding of pressure ulcer risk in the community: Empirical Research Qualitative
Authors: Ledger Lisa Jayne , Worsley Peter R. , Hope Jo , Schoonhoven Lisette
Published: March 2023

Aims

To explore patient perceptions and understanding of their pressure ulcer risk and how information is communicated between a nurse and patient in the home setting.

Design

A pragmatic qualitative research design including community‐dwelling patients, who were deemed at risk of developing a pressure ulcer.

Methods

Observation of routine interactions between nurse and patient regarding their pressure ulcer risk and semi‐structured interviews with 15 community patients following the nursing interaction.

Results

Four key overarching themes emerged from the data analysis that were related to patient perceptions and understanding of pressure ulcer risk. These included Pressure Ulcer Awareness, Importance of Repositioning, Healthy Eating and Risk Interpretation.

Conclusion

Patient perception and understanding of pressure ulcer risk is different from the scientific, professional view. Patient risk perception was based on heuristics and wider personal factors and social influences.

Impact

The study provides important new insights into clinical practice in relation to how pressure ulcer advice and information are provided and interpreted in the community setting.

Reporting Method

Adhered to the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR)

Patient or Public Contribution

A small selection of patients within the NHS Trust in which the research was conducted contributed to the design of the study, in particular some of the interview questions and timing.
A demographic and qualitative analysis of the determinants of success in a National Supported Employment project
Authors: Vigna Elisa , Beyer Stephen , Meek Andrea
Published: March 2023

Background

People with an intellectual disability and/or autism experience low employment rates compared to the general population. This study shows what the determinants of success are in getting this group of young people into paid employment.

Method

The research is based on data collected on 1008 young people, aged 16–25, participating in the Engage to Change project across Wales, to support young people to achieve employment. A real‐time data collection system was used from their engagement and throughout their journey to employment.

Results

This research indicates an overall employment rate of 23% for the project to date, based on total referral. Young people who engaged in ‘significant work experience’, such as paid placement or supported internship, had a greater employment rate of 37%.

Conclusion

Previous and current real work experiences increased the chances of young people of becoming employed, above the effect of supported employment and job coach support.
Comparison of the relation of the ESC 2021 and ESC 2013 definitions of left bundle branch block with clinical and echocardiographic outcome in cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Rijks Jesse , Ghossein Mohammed A. , Wouters Philippe C. , Dural Muhammet , Maass Alexander H. , Meine Mathias , Kloosterman Mariëlle , Luermans Justin , Prinzen Frits W. , Vernooy Kevin , van Stipdonk Antonius M. W.
Published: March 2023

Introduction

We aimed to investigate the impact of the 2021 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guideline changes in left bundle branch block (LBBB) definition on cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) patient selection and outcomes.

Methods

The MUG (Maastricht, Utrecht, Groningen) registry, consisting of consecutive patients implanted with a CRT device between 2001 and 2015 was studied. For this study, patients with baseline sinus rhythm and QRS duration ≥ 130ms were eligible. Patients were classified according to ESC 2013 and 2021 guideline LBBB definitions and QRS duration. Endpoints were heart transplantation, LVAD implantation or mortality (HTx/LVAD/mortality) and echocardiographic response (LVESV reduction ≥15%).

Results

The analyses included 1.202, typical CRT patients. The ESC 2021 definition resulted in considerably less LBBB diagnoses compared to the 2013 definition (31.6% vs. 80.9%, respectively). Applying the 2013 definition resulted in significant separation of the Kaplan–Meier curves of HTx/LVAD/mortality (p < .0001). A significantly higher echocardiographic response rate was found in the LBBB compared to the non‐LBBB group using the 2013 definition. These differences in HTx/LVAD/mortality and echocardiographic response were not found when applying the 2021 definition.

Conclusion

The ESC 2021 LBBB definition leads to a considerably lower percentage of patients with baseline LBBB then the ESC 2013 definition. This does not lead to better differentiation of CRT responders, nor does this lead to a stronger association with clinical outcomes after CRT. In fact, stratification according to the 2021 definition is not associated with a difference in clinical or echocardiographic outcome, implying that the guideline changes may negatively influence CRT implantation practice with a weakened recommendation in patients that will benefit from CRT.
Qualitative genogram analysis: A methodology for theorizing family dynamics
Authors: Puhlman Daniel , Shigeto Aya , Murillo‐Borjas Gustavo A. , Maurya Rakesh Kumar , Vincenti Virginia B.
Published: March 2023

Genograms have been an important tool for clinicians and therapists working with families; however, the use of genograms has not been extended beyond clinical settings. To address this gap in research, we developed qualitative genogram analysis (QGA), a three‐step protocol for analyzing transcribed interviews using family systems theory, representing family systems relational concepts visually in genograms, and identifying common patterns of family dynamics that emerged from these visualizations across families. We present the QGA protocol using interviews with family members who experienced elder family financial exploitation. This innovative use of genograms as part of an analytical process allows researchers to theorize family systems in innovative ways and go beyond examining each family relationship as a “variable” and look at relationship dynamics systemically and wholistically across families.
The Role of Money in Monetary Policy at the Lower Bound
Authors: BILLI ROBERTO M. , SÖDERSTRÖM ULF , WALSH CARL E.
Published: March 2023

In light of the current low‐interest‐rate environment, we reconsider the merits of strict money growth targeting (MGT) relative to conventional inflation targeting (IT) and to price level targeting (PLT). We evaluate these policies in terms of social welfare through the lens of a New Keynesian model and accounting for a zero lower bound (ZLB) constraint on the nominal interest rate. Although MGT makes monetary policy vulnerable to money demand shocks, MGT contributes to achieving price level stationarity and significantly reduces the incidence and severity of the ZLB relative to both IT and PLT. Furthermore, MGT lessens the need for fiscal expansions to supplement monetary policy in fighting recessions.
Beta 3‐adrenoceptor agonism ameliorates early‐life stress‐induced visceral hypersensitivity in male rats
Authors: Collins James M. , Hyland Niall P. , Clarke Gerard , Fitzgerald Patrick , Julio‐Pieper Marcela , Bulmer David C. , Dinan Timothy G. , Cryan John F. , O'Mahony Siobhain M.
Published: March 2023

Visceral hypersensitivity, a hallmark of disorders of the gut‐brain axis, is associated with exposure to early‐life stress (ELS). Activation of neuronal β3‐adrenoceptors (AR) has been shown to alter central and peripheral levels of tryptophan and reduce visceral hypersensitivity. In this study, we aimed to determine the potential of a β3‐AR agonist in reducing ELS‐induced visceral hypersensitivity and possible underlying mechanisms. Here, ELS was induced using the maternal separation (MS) model, where Sprague Dawley rat pups were separated from their mother in early life (postnatal day 2–12). Visceral hypersensitivity was confirmed in adult offspring using colorectal distension (CRD). CL‐316243, a β3‐AR agonist, was administered to determine anti‐nociceptive effects against CRD. Distension‐induced enteric neuronal activation as well as colonic secretomotor function were assessed. Tryptophan metabolism was determined both centrally and peripherally. For the first time, we showed that CL‐316243 significantly ameliorated MS‐induced visceral hypersensitivity. Furthermore, MS altered plasma tryptophan metabolism and colonic adrenergic tone, while CL‐316243 reduced both central and peripheral levels of tryptophan and affected secretomotor activity in the presence of tetrodotoxin. This study supports the beneficial role of CL‐316243 in reducing ELS‐induced visceral hypersensitivity, and suggests that targeting the β3‐AR can significantly influence gut‐brain axis activity through modulation of enteric neuronal activation, tryptophan metabolism, and colonic secretomotor activity which may synergistically contribute to offsetting the effects of ELS.

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Human genetic and immunological determinants of SARS‐CoV‐2 and Epstein–Barr virus diseases in childhood: Insightful contrasts
Authors: Pan‐Hammarström Qiang , Casanova Jean‐Laurent
Published: March 2023

There is growing evidence to suggest that severe disease in children infected with common viruses that are typically benign in other children can result from inborn errors of immunity or their phenocopies. Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), a cytolytic respiratory RNA virus, can lead to acute hypoxemic COVID‐19 pneumonia in children with inborn errors of type I interferon (IFN) immunity or autoantibodies against IFNs. These patients do not appear to be prone to severe disease during infection with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), a leukocyte‐tropic DNA virus that can establish latency. By contrast, various forms of severe EBV disease, ranging from acute hemophagocytosis to chronic or long‐term illnesses, such as agammaglobulinemia and lymphoma, can manifest in children with inborn errors disrupting specific molecular bridges involved in the control of EBV‐infected B cells by cytotoxic T cells. The patients with these disorders do not seem to be prone to severe COVID‐19 pneumonia. These experiments of nature reveal surprising levels of redundancy of two different arms of immunity, with type I IFN being essential for host defense against SARS‐CoV‐2 in respiratory epithelial cells, and certain surface molecules on cytotoxic T cells essential for host defense against EBV in B lymphocytes.
Informatics approaches to improve the quality of dental care
Authors: Walji Muhammad F.
Published: March 2023

Despite technological advances, challenges exist in US dental care, including variations in quality of care, access and untreated dental needs. The implementation of learning health systems (LHSs) in dentistry can help to address these challenges. LHSs use robust informatics infrastructure including data and technology to continuously measure and improve the quality and safety of care and can help to reduce costs and improve patient outcomes. The use of EHRs and standardized diagnostic terminologies are highlighted, as they allow for the storage and sharing of patient data, providing a comprehensive view of a patient's medical and dental history, and can be used to identify patterns and trends to improve the delivery of care. The BigMouth Dental Data Repository is an example of an informatic platform that aggregates patient data from multiple institutions and is being used to for scientific inquiry to improve oral health.
Genome‐wide identification and characterization of tomato 14‐3‐3 (SlTFT) genes and functional analysis of SlTFT6 under heat stress
Authors: Liang Yunfei , Ma Fang , Zhang Ruili , Li Wenyu , Dang Jiao , Su Huai , Li Boyu , Hu Tixu , Zhang Mingke , Liang Yan , Zhan Xiangqiang
Published: March 2023

The plant 14‐3‐3 proteins are essential for many biological processes and responses to abiotic stress. We performed genome‐wide identification and analysis of the 14‐3‐3 family genes in tomato. To explore the properties of the thirteen Sl14‐3‐3 found in the tomato genome, their chromosomal location, phylogenetic, and syntenic relationships were analyzed. The Sl14‐3‐3 promoters were found to have a number of growth‐, hormone‐, and stress‐responsive cis‐regulatory elements. Moreover, the qRT‐PCR assay revealed that Sl14‐3‐3 genes are responsive to heat and osmotic stress. Subcellular localization experiments evidenced that the SlTFT3/6/10 proteins occur in the nucleus and cytoplasm Additional analysis on Sl14‐3‐3 putative interactor proteins revealed a number of prospective clients that potentially participate in stress reactions and developmental processes. Furthermore, overexpression of an Sl14‐3‐3 family gene, SlTFT6, improved tomato plants thermotolerance. Taken together, the study provides basic information on tomato 14‐3‐3 family genes in plant growth and abiotic stress response (high temperature stress), which can be helpful to further study the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Learning of new associations invokes a major change in modulations of cortical beta oscillations in human adults
Authors: Pavlova Anna , Tyulenev Nikita , Tretyakova Vera , Skavronskaya Valeriya , Nikolaeva Anastasia , Prokofyev Andrey , Stroganova Tatiana , Chernyshev Boris
Published: March 2023

Large‐scale cortical beta (β) oscillations were implicated in the learning processes, but their exact role is debated. We used MEG to explore the dynamics of movement‐related β‐oscillations while 22 adults learned, through trial and error, novel associations between four auditory pseudowords and movements of four limbs. As learning proceeded, spatial–temporal characteristics of β‐oscillations accompanying cue‐triggered movements underwent a major transition. Early in learning, widespread suppression of β‐power occurred long before movement initiation and sustained throughout the whole behavioral trial. When learning advanced and performance reached asymptote, β‐suppression after the initiation of correct motor response was replaced by a rise in β‐power mainly in the prefrontal and medial temporal regions of the left hemisphere. This post‐decision β‐power predicted trial‐by‐trial response times (RT) at both stages of learning (before and after the rules become familiar), but with different signs of interaction. When a subject just started to acquire associative rules and gradually improved task performance, a decrease in RT correlated with the increase in the post‐decision β‐band power. When the participants implemented the already acquired rules, faster (more confident) responses were associated with the weaker post‐decision β‐band synchronization. Our findings suggest that maximal beta activity is pertinent to a distinct stage of learning and may serve to strengthen the newly learned association in a distributed memory network.
Pupil dilation tracks divergent learning processes in aware versus unaware Pavlovian conditioning
Authors: Finke Johannes B. , Stalder Tobias , Klucken Tim
Published: March 2023

Evidence regarding unaware differential fear conditioning in humans is mixed and even less is known about the effects of contingency awareness on appetitive conditioning. Phasic pupil dilation responses (PDR) might be more sensitive for capturing implicit learning than other measures, such as skin conductance responses (SCR). Here, we report data from two delay conditioning experiments utilizing PDR (alongside SCR and subjective assessments) to investigate the role of contingency awareness in aversive and appetitive conditioning. In both experiments, valence of unconditioned stimuli (UCS) was varied within participants by administering aversive (mild electric shocks) and appetitive UCSs (monetary rewards). Preceding visual stimuli (CSs) predicted either the reward, the shock (65% reinforcement), or neither UCS. In Exp. 1, participants were fully instructed about CS‐UCS contingencies, whereas in Exp. 2, no such information was given. PDR and SCR demonstrated successful differential conditioning in Exp. 1 and in (learned) aware participants in Exp. 2. In non‐instructed participants who remained fully unaware of contingencies (Exp. 2), differential modulation of early PDR (immediately after CS onset) by appetitive cues emerged. Associations with model‐derived learning parameters further suggest that early PDR in unaware participants mainly reflect implicit learning of expected outcome value, whereas early PDR in aware (instructed/learned‐aware) participants presumably index attentional processes (related to uncertainty/prediction error processing). Similar, but less clear results emerged for later PDR (preceding UCS onset). Our data argue in favor of a dual‐process account of associative learning, suggesting that value‐related processing can take place irrespective of mechanisms involved in conscious memory formation.
A threshold for collaborative innovation: exploring the dimensions of liminality in a data economy initiative
Authors: Adibe Pia , Vesin Satu , Almpanopoulou Argyro , Blomqvist Kirsimarja
Published: March 2023

Collaborative innovation requires space for different parties to meet, exchange information, engage in dialogue, and eventually create new solutions. Despite the increased scholarly and practical interest, understanding how such spaces are initiated and sustained remains scarce. In this study, we focus on a national data economy initiative to investigate a virtual and mental space where relevant and interested cross‐sectoral parties can join, share information and identify shared interests for research and development in the data economy. We investigate the early phases of collaborative innovation through the lens of liminality and show how individuals' sensemaking narratives manifest the different dimensions of liminality. We contribute to the research on collaborative innovation and spaces by theorising liminality in the context of our paper as a three‐dimensional concept of confusion–clarity, isolation–communal, and stagnation–movement that creates a threshold for collaborative innovation. Our study offers a more nuanced understanding of the less studied, yet critical, early phase of collaborative innovation, hence contributing to the research and practice of the emergence of collaborative innovation.
Cultured CD71+ erythroid cells modulate the host immune response
Authors: Alshalani Abdulrahman , Beuger Boukje M. , van Bruggen Robin , Acker Jason P. , Juffermans Nicole P.
Published: March 2023

Objective

The study aimed to determine the impact of Red Blood Cells (RBCs) generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) on T cell proliferation and host response following whole blood stimulation.

Background

Culturing RBCs is a potential solution for donor shortage. The impact of immature cultured RBCs which express CD71+ on host immune response is not known.

Methods/Materials

PBMCs were seeded in an erythroid expansion medium. CD71+ cells were isolated at days 14 and 21 of culture and incubated with either purified T cells or with LPS‐stimulated whole blood. Controls were incubated with medium.

Results

At day 9, the percentage of cells that expressed CD45 and CD71 reached to the highest level (32.9%, IQR; 26.2–39.05) while the percentage of cells that expressed CD71 and CD235a reached to the highest level on day 17 (70.2%, IQR; 66.1–72.8). Incubation of T cells with days 14 CD71+ cells and day 21 CD71+ cells increased T cell proliferation. In a whole blood stimulation assay, day 21 CD71+ cells, but not day 14 CD71+ cells, inhibited the production of IL‐6 and TNFα.

Conclusion

Cultured erythroid cells can modulate the immune response by promoting T cell proliferation and inhibiting cytokine secretions following whole blood stimulation.
OsNF‐YA3 regulates plant growth and osmotic stress tolerance by interacting with SLR1 and SAPK9 in rice
Authors: Jin Xinkai , Zhang Yifan , Li Xingxing , Huang Junli
Published: March 2023

The antagonism between gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathways is vital to balance plant growth and stress response. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which plants determine the balance remains to be elucidated. Here, we report that rice NUCLEAR FACTOR‐Y A3 (OsNF‐YA3) modulates GA‐ and ABA‐mediated balance between plant growth and osmotic stress tolerance. OsNF‐YA3 loss‐of‐function mutants exhibit stunted growth, compromised GA biosynthetic gene expression, and decreased GA levels, while its overexpression lines have promoted growth and enhanced GA content. Chromatin immunoprecipitation–quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis and transient transcriptional regulation assays demonstrate that OsNF‐YA3 activates GA biosynthetic gene OsGA20ox1 expression. Furthermore, the DELLA protein SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1) physically interacts with OsNF‐YA3 and thus inhibits its transcriptional activity. On the other side, OsNF‐YA3 negatively regulates plant osmotic stress tolerance by repressing ABA response. OsNF‐YA3 reduces ABA levels by transcriptionally regulating ABA catabolic genes OsABA8ox1 and OsABA8ox3 by binding to their promoters. Furthermore, OSMOTIC STRESS/ABA‐ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 9 (SAPK9), the positive component in ABA signaling, interacts with OsNF‐YA3 and mediates OsNF‐YA3 phosphorylation, resulting in its degradation in plants. Collectively, our findings establish OsNF‐YA3 as an important transcription factor that positively modulates GA‐regulated plant growth and negatively controls ABA‐mediated water‐deficit and salt tolerance. These findings shed light on the molecular mechanism underlying the balance between the growth and stress response of the plant.
Systemic development of wheat–Thinopyrum elongatum translocation lines and their deployment in wheat breeding for Fusarium head blight resistance
Authors: Guo Xianrui , Shi Qinghua , Liu Yang , Su Handong , Zhang Jing , Wang Mian , Wang Chunhui , Wang Jing , Zhang Kaibiao , Fu Shulan , Hu Xiaojun , Jing Donglin , Wang Zhen , Li Jinbang , Zhang Pingzhi , Liu Cheng , Han Fangpu
Published: March 2023

Fusarium head blight (FHB), mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum, is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum) around the world. FHB causes significant yield losses and reduces grain quality. The lack of resistance resources is a major bottleneck for wheat FHB resistance breeding. As a wheat relative, Thinopyrum elongatum contains many genes that can be used for wheat improvement. Although the novel gene Fhb‐7EL was mapped on chromosome 7EL of Th. elongatum, successful transfer of the FHB resistance gene into commercial wheat varieties has not been reported. In this study, we developed 836 wheat–Th. elongatum translocation lines of various types by irradiating the pollen of the wheat–Th. elongatum addition line CS‐7EL at the flowering stage, among which 81 were identified as resistant to FHB. By backcrossing the FHB‐resistant lines with the main cultivar Jimai 22, three wheat–Th. elongatum translocation lines, Zhongke 1878, Zhongke 166, and Zhongke 545, were successfully applied in wheat breeding without yield penalty. Combining karyotype and phenotype analyses, we mapped the Fhb‐7EL gene to the distal end of chromosome 7EL. Five molecular markers linked with the FHB resistance interval were developed, which facilitates molecular marker‐assisted breeding. Altogether, we successfully applied alien chromatin with FHB resistance from Th. elongatum in wheat breeding without yield penalty. These newly developed FHB‐resistant wheat–Th. elongatum translocation lines, Zhongke 1878, Zhongke 166, and Zhongke 545, can be used as novel resistance resources for wheat breeding.
The effectiveness of patient activation interventions in adults with chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lunardi Laura E. , Hill Kathy , Xu Qunyan , Le Leu Richard , Bennett Paul N.
Published: March 2023

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complex health condition that profoundly impacts an individual's general health and well‐being throughout their entire lifetime. People with CKD require the knowledge, confidence, and skills to actively self‐manage their health. This is referred to as patient activation. The efficacy of interventions to increase patient activation in the CKD population is unclear.

Aim

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of patient activation interventions on behavioral health‐related outcomes among people with CKD stages 3–5.

Methods

A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of patients with CKD stages 3–5 was performed. MEDLINE, EMCARE, EMBASE, and PsychINFO databases were searched between 2005 and February 2021. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Bridge Institute critical appraisal tool.

Results

Nineteen RCTs that enrolled 4414 participants were included for synthesis. Only one RCT reported patient activation using the validated 13‐item patient activation measure (PAM–13). Four studies demonstrated strong evidence that the intervention group developed a higher level of self‐management compared to the control group (standardized mean differences [SMD] = 1.12, 95% CI [0.36, 1.87], p = .004). Eight RCTs led to a significant improvement in self‐efficacy (SMD = 0.73, 95% CI [0.39, 1.06], p < .0001). There was weak to no evidence on the effect of the strategies shown on the physical component and mental components of health‐related quality of life, and medication adherence.

Linking Evidence to Action

This meta‐analysis highlights the importance of including tailored interventions using a cluster approach including patient education, goal setting with individualized action plan, and problem‐solving to engage patients to be more actively involved in the self‐management of their CKD.
“Oscillating Between Hope and Despair”: A Narrative Case Study of Culture and Coping for Women in Engineering in Higher Education and Industry
Authors: Guy Batsheva , Arthur Brittany , Gaskins Whitney , Cooper Christopher
Published: March 2023

Women in engineering in all phases (students, faculty, and industry) are traditionally underrepresented, and have been underrepresented in the field for decades (Eaton et al., 2020). The United States government has invested in STEM disciplines to address the low presence of women in STEM fields and the STEM workforce (National Academy of Sciences, 2016). Lower representation can be attributed to numerous factors, including a lack of institutional commitment, lack of representation throughout students’ upbringing, inappropriate cultural recruitment/outreach efforts, educational discrepancies throughout PK-12, and social expectations among others (Seymour & Hewitt 1997; Geisinger & Raman, 2013; Camacho et al., 2010; Smith et al., 2012). Not only is there low representation in the field of engineering, but also low retention for students, faculty, and industry due to the same factors that impact representation. The current qualitative study is a narrative case study utilizing relational interviewing. Participants included three women in the engineering field-- an undergraduate student, a professional engineer, and a faculty member and administrator. The key themes we uncovered-- Impact of Dominant Culture; Lack of Belonging/Connection; Justification of Existence; Emotional Turmoil; Coping Strategies—are woven throughout and across the narratives. Actionable change that we hope will come from this narrative study include determining ways we can make the engineering field more inclusive at all levels– in the classroom, on co-op, at universities, in academia, and on the field in industry.