bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Travailler à signifier la mort
Authors: Schepens Florent
Published: May 2021

Les USP déploient un cadre permettant de symboliser de manière non délétère les morts du service en fournissant les ressources aux soignants pour qu’ils puissent réaliser un travail émotionnel. Cette culture n’est pas donnée une fois pour toutes et, pour qu’elle soit efficace, elle doit être mise en oeuvre collectivement. Participer aux décisions, c’est actualiser le cadre en en comprenant les logiques, c’est aussi faire entendre sa voix et être assuré qu’on a bien fait son travail notamment en faisant circuler au sein du collectif les informations importantes.
Exposé aux vagues des décès, être soignant en soins palliatifs
Authors: Sâles Élodie
Published: May 2021

Dans notre unité, près de 85 % des séjours se concluent par le décès du patient. La répartition n’est pas régulière et il est fréquent d’assister à des « vagues » de décès. Il est légitime de s’interroger alors sur le vécu émotionnel des soignants confrontés à ces décès en nombre. À cette fin, nous présentons une étude dont l’objectif était de déterminer un ensemble de critères correspondant au ressenti difficile des soignants dans certaines prises en charge.
Le soignant face au deuil périnatal
Authors: Fath Morgane , Rolling Julie
Published: May 2021

Si la médecine foetale s’est considérablement développée, certaines trajectoires de vie sont déviées, s’inscrivant parfois dans une succession de pertes. Ces situations laissent les parents et les professionnels qui y sont confrontés dans un état de désarroi. Nous essayerons d’apporter des éléments de réflexion aux questions à la fois subtiles et essentielles soulevées par ce sujet, en particulier l’impact sur les équipes soignantes de l’exposition répétée à la mort d’un enfant.
Quel(s) deuil(s) en période de pandémie liée à la Covid-19 ?
Authors: Rolling Julie , Barresi Anna
Published: May 2021

Nous proposons une réflexion sur l’impact de la pandémie sur les processus de deuil en dépliant différents aspects tels que les modifications des rites funéraires, le deuil traumatique, ainsi que les changements de certaines représentations collectives pouvant être assimilés à une autre forme de deuil du fait de la dimension de perte. Les éléments cliniques partagés sont issus des milliers d’échanges qui ont eu lieu dans le cadre du dispositif CoviPsyHus.
La pandémie Covid en soins de longue durée
Authors: Leperre Armelle , Béal Corinne , Krolak-Salmon Pierre
Published: May 2021

Les équipes de soins de longue durée ont été confrontées lors de la première vague à la brutalité de la pandémie, au grand nombre et à la rapidité des décès, le plus souvent en l’absence des proches, aux consignes initiales parfois erratiques, au manque de moyens au début, à la fatigue physique et psychologique. Se sont ajoutés des éléments spécifiques : une relation très proche des patients, une contamination impliquant les soignants, des questionnements éthiques sur le confinement ou le transfert des patients assortis de décisions complexes au quotidien.
Réflexions en temps de Covid : comment poursuivre le fil de l’histoire ?
Authors: Legenne Myriam
Published: May 2021

Les soignants se sentent remis en question dans leurs propres fondations : n’est-il pas vain de soigner et de tant se donner puisque tant de patients décèdent y compris en réanimation ? Face à cet ébranlement, nous avons le choix : nous laisser submerger par la vague ou créer, c’est-à‑dire ouvrir la porte à des jaillissements méconnus ou contenus jusqu’alors, dont la force, parce qu’elle est partagée avec d’autres, peut nous permettre d’avancer ensemble contre vents et marées.
Confinement des possibles de la prise en soin palliative face à la crise sanitaire : érosion de la vitalité et fatigue de compassion
Authors: Mauro Cynthia
Published: May 2021

Comment le confinement de nos pratiques constitue-t-il un risque d’atteinte à l’idéal de soin, la santé mentale d’une équipe, et de quelles ressources disposons-nous pour y répondre ? L’efficacité de l’agir protecteur s’amenuise et crée une brèche propice à la lassitude, à la fragilisation de notre résilience et de notre élan vital. Le risque majeur est que cette brèche non colmatée ne rende la béance plus grande, plus active, et potentialise l’installation d’une usure émotionnelle et d’une fatigue de compassion.
Sedentary Behavior in Older Adults With Preclinical Cognitive Impairment With and Without Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Hannan Mary , Collins Eileen G. , Phillips Shane A. , Quinn Lauretta , Steffen Alana D. , Bronas Ulf G.
Published: May 2021

Older adults with preclinical cognitive impairment can have chronic conditions and lifestyle factors that influence health. Sedentary behavior is common in older adults with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD). The objective of the current study was to determine the differences in sedentary behavior for older adults with preclinical cognitive impairment with and without CKD. Our study evaluated 48 older adults with preclinical cognitive impairment with and without CKD who underwent assessment of sedentary behavior via accelerometry. We found that older adults with preclinical cognitive impairment with and without CKD were sedentary, but there were no significant differences between groups. Fragmentation index was different (
p
< 0.05), with a lower fragmentation index found in those with CKD. Sedentary behavior should be assessed and evaluated as a potential target for interventions to improve health in these at-risk older adults; however, further investigation is needed. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 47
(6), 35–42.]
Management of Patients With DME With Good Visual Acuity in Routine Clinical Practice
Authors: Hentati Firas , Melo Alline G.R. , Greenlee Tyler E. , Muste Justin , Chen Andrew X. , Conti Thais F. , Hom Grant L. , Singh Rishi P.
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To determine outcomes of eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME) and best visual acuity (BVA) of 20/25 or better in routine clinical practice.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Retrospective study of 72 patients with DME and BVA of 20/25 or better. Patients were divided by anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment regimen: early (Group A), delayed (Group B), and none (Group C).

RESULTS:

Group A had higher baseline central subfield thickness (CST) (325 ± 62 µm) compared to Groups B (292 ± 24 µm) and C (296 ± 35 µm) (
P
= .033). All groups had similar 24-month CST (299 ± 62 µm, 280 ± 64 µm, 296 ± 65 µm;
P
= .61). There was no difference in baseline BVA among groups (81.9 ± 2.4, 83.2 ± 2.4, 82.4 ± 2.5 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study [ETDRS] letters, respectively;
P
= .290), but at 6 months, Group A had lower BVA (76.6 ± 9.6 ETDRS letters) than groups B (81.9 ±3.3 ETDRS letters) and C (82.4 ± 5.0 ETDRS letters) (
P
= .008). There was no difference among groups in 24-month BVA (78.9 ± 6.6, 78.4 ± 12.3, and 80.6 ± 6.9 ETDRS letters, respectively;
P
= .448).

CONCLUSION:

Although observation may be indicated in eyes with stable BVA and CST less than 300 µm, anti-VEGF stabilizes BVA in eyes with CST greater than 300 µm and eyes with declining BVA.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2021;52:247–256.]
PELÍCULA UMA PROFESSORA MUITO MALUQUINHA
Authors: Schefer Maria Cristina , De Souza Emanuele da Silva
Published: May 2021

O presente artigo apresenta uma análise filmográfica (FABRIS, 2008) da película Uma professora muito maluquinha, produzida em 2010 a partir do livro com o mesmo título, escrito em 1995 pelo escritor Ziraldo. Graduandas de um curso de Pedagogia, em uma universidade do Litoral Norte do Rio Grande do Sul, após assistirem ao filme, foram desafiadas a situar, histórica e pedagogicamente, as práticas de ensino narradas  na trama. As contribuições de Saviani (2009), Cunha (2013), Libâneo (1994), Giusta (2013) e Camozatto (2015) foram fundamentais para estas reflexões e permitiram as seguintes conclusões: a) a professora “maluquinha” propunha práticas diferenciadas na escola, porém, a partir de  tendências pedagógicas liberais; b) a pesquisa filmográfica, por permitir deslocamentos tempo-espaço, pode produzir reflexões importantes acerca da profissão do magistério.
Automatic Animal Detection and Collision Avoidance System (ADCAS) Using Thermal Camera
Authors: Duraipandy Jeyabharathi , D. Kesavaraja , Duraipandy Sasireka
Published: May 2021

Animal-vehicle collision is one of the big issues in roadways near forests. Due to road accidents, the injuries and death of wildlife has increased tremendously. This type of collision is occurring mainly during nighttime because the animals are more activate. So, to avoid this type of accident, the chapter automatically detects animals on highways, preventing animal-vehicle collision by finding the distance between vehicles and animals in the roadway. If the distance between animals and vehicle is short, then automatic horn sound is given, which will alert both drivers as well as animals.
Distracted Driver Detection System Using Deep Learning Technique
Authors: Rohila Varan Singh , Kumar Vijay , Barnwal Karan Kumar
Published: May 2021

Improvement of public safety and reducing accidents are the intelligent system's critical goals for detecting drivers' fatigue and distracted behavior during the driving project. The essential factors in accidents are driver fatigue and monotony, especially on rural roads. Such distracted behavior of the driver reduces their thinking ability for that particular instant. Because of this loss in decision-making ability, they lose control of their vehicle. Studies tell that usually the driver gets tired after an hour of driving. Driver fatigue and drowsiness happens much more in the afternoon, early hours, after eating lunch, and at midnight. These losses of consciousness could also be because of drinking alcohol, drug addiction, etc. The distracted driver detection system proposed in this chapter takes a multi-faceted approach by monitoring driver actions and fatigue levels. The proposed activity monitor achieves an accuracy of 86.3%. The fatigue monitor has been developed and tuned to work well in real-life scenarios.
Cosine Transformed Chaos Function and Block Scrambling-Based Image Encryption
Authors: Dua Shelza , Nancharla Bharath , Gupta Maanak
Published: May 2021

The authors propose an image encryption process based on chaos that uses block scrambling to reduce the correlation among the neighboring pixels and random order substitution for slightly changing the value of the pixel. The chaotic sequence for encrypting the image is generated by using two 3D logistic maps called enhanced logistic map and intertwining logistic map; the cos function helps in reducing linearity. The entire encryption process is composed of scrambling, image rotation, and random order substitution. Scrambling is used for permuting the pixels in the image so that we can reduce the correlation among the neighboring pixels, and this is followed by image rotation which can ensure that shuffling of pixels is done to the remaining pixels in the image, and at last the authors use random order substitution where they bring the small change in the pixel value. The proposed method has the capability of encrypting digital colored images into cipher form with high security, which allows only authorized ones who hold the correct secret key to decrypt the images back to original form.
Intrusion Detection Systems
Authors: Bilaiya Riya , Ahlawat Priyanka , Bathla Rohit
Published: May 2021

The community is moving towards the cloud, and its security is important. An old vulnerability known by the attacker can be easily exploited. Security issues and intruders can be identified by the IDS (intrusion detection systems). Some of the solutions consist of network firewall, anti-malware. Malicious entities and fake traffic are detected through packet sniffing. This chapter surveys different approaches for IDS, compares them, and presents a comparative analysis based on their merits and demerits. The authors aim to present an exhaustive survey of current trends in IDS research along with some future challenges that are likely to be explored. They also discuss the implementation details of IDS with parameters used to evaluate their performance.
College Professors Turning Chaos Into Collegial Collaboration
Authors: Baron Lindamichelle , Bai Xin
Published: May 2021

This chapter discusses some challenges two faculty members faced after an abrupt shift to online learning during the pandemic of COVID-19. It also identifies opportunities that arose through their collegial collaboration to help students make a smooth transition to the remote learning setting. The two professors reflected on experiential strategies over varied topics including course design, student engagement and empowerment, and socioemotional support needed by both students and instructors in the process of collaboration and mutual mentoring. These discussions are documented over nine months in the form of conversations as the pandemic is stretching over two semesters. It illustrates the importance of collegial collaboration for promoting professional growth and personal wellbeing of both students and professors during times of crisis and chaos.
Enhanced Simulation Tools for Analyzing Signal Processing Techniques in the Optical Transmission Path
Authors: Róka Rastislav
Published: May 2021

With emerging applications and needs of ever-increasing bandwidth, it is anticipated that 5G networks with much higher bandwidth present a natural path forward to satisfy these demands. For 5G network operators, it is interesting and profitable to develop valuable broadband optical networks at the same time. Broadband optical networks naturally utilize the optical transmission medium, and for increasing transmission rates of broadband applications and services in 5G networks, it is necessary to characterize and investigate some specific features of advanced signal processing techniques utilized in the optical transmission path. For this case, advanced techniques must also be analyzed and evaluated for real long-distance, metropolitan, and access optical networks as an integral part of 5G networks. In this chapter, enhanced simulation tools for analyzing advanced signal processing techniques in the optical transmission path are presented together with possibilities for their practical implementations in real single-channel and multi-channel optical transmission systems.
Image Steganography
Authors: Parveen K Sana , Ravi Renjith V. , Abd El-Rahiem Basma , Ghonge Mangesh M.
Published: May 2021

Steganography is the process used hide the existence of information during transmission. Cover mediums like text, image, audio, and video protocols are used to hide the secret information. This process helps to provide secret communication between two parties. As data is unknown, it is challenging to attract the attention of any third parties. Therefore, steganography becomes the best and most secure method for data transmission. Digital images are the most common cover media or carriers in steganographic processes, where the secret payload is embedded into images. Several techniques are coming under image steganography, and there includes a different method to ensure the secrecy of messages. This chapter gives an overview of the different commonly used techniques in this area and the latest existing image steganography methods and the comparison of techniques.
Secure Framework Data Security Using Cryptography and Steganography in Internet of Things
Authors: S. Kannadhasan , Nagarajan R.
Published: May 2021

The exponential development of the internet and the internet of things (IoT) applies to the next step of the information transition, which entails billions of integrated smart devices and sensors to enable the speedy sharing of information and data under soft real-time restrictions. Significant improvements in data sharing also sparked the digital information movement. This transmission of data can include private, reliable, and often private communication. The exponential development of the internet and the internet of things (IoT) applies to the next step of the information transition, which entails billions of integrated smart devices and sensors to enable the speedy sharing of information and data under soft real-time restrictions. Significant improvements in data sharing also sparked the digital information movement. This transmission of data can include private, reliable, and often private communication.
Reshuffling the Negotiation Table
Authors: Søndergaard Niels
Published: May 2021

This chapter analyses the participation of the agricultural G-20 coalition within the Doha Round of the World Trade Organization. The strategies, modes of operation, as well as the internal and external articulations of the group from its inception during the run-up to the Cancun Ministerial to its dissolution in 2008 are the object of scrutiny. Based on documental analysis of cables from the achieves of the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and interviews conducted with stakeholders in the negotiation process, the chapter engages with the contextual circumstances and central factors which both permitted the rise of the G-20 within the negotiation process, but eventually also led to its disintegration.
The Impact of Entrepreneur Personal Characteristics on New Firm Growth
Authors: Ferreira Vítor Hugo Santos , Luís Tomás Almeida
Published: May 2021

Entrepreneurship has emerged as a key vector, introducing dynamism in stagnant markets, through technological change, innovation, and process restructuring. However, despite all the potential benefits, this is a very arduous and uncertain process, to the extent that many of the companies created end up failing in the first five years of activity. This chapter aims to study the entrepreneur as an individual, focusing on the analysis of their personal characteristics and their impact on the growth of the new created firm. A mixed methodology was developed to test which personal characteristics impact growth. A questionnaire was carried out on a sample of 87 Portuguese entrepreneurs and, additionally, 10 interviews were held with the purpose of complementing the information of the collected data with a qualitative approach and a more personal perspective. Finally, the results revealed that there are certain characteristics that enhance and influence the growth of startups, the most crucial being leadership, the need for achievement, proactivity, and resilience and adaptability.
Social Network Sites as Community Building Tools in Educational Networking
Authors: Nizzolino Salvatore , Canals Agustí
Published: May 2021

This chapter discusses the educational context of social network sites (SNSs) and the manner in which they are adopted as Europeanization tools to develop the main EU education priorities. The Erasmus + (E+) context, articulated on networks of education bodies, denotes a promising ground to investigate social and digital trends emerging within institutionalized education communities. The research approach counts on a sample of 518 organizations aligned to a set of standards regulated within the institutionalized networking frame of the E+ program. Due to the compliance requirements of E+ guidelines, this chapter proposes a theoretical juxtaposition of the community of inquiry framework and the E+ framework. Final results show an EU educational trend verging to informal affordances and non-formal education features.
Dynamics of Social Media Promotion of Prescription Drugs and Resulting Patient Belief Systems
Authors: Mukherjee Samrat Kumar , Kumar Jitendra Kumar , Jha Ajeya K. , Pandey Jaya Rani
Published: May 2021

Social media has emerged as a powerful tool for communication. A large number of professional pharmaceutical associations are making their presence felt across social media by utilizing infographics. The trend is towards just-in-time information—reaches to stakeholders only when needed—and this reduces information load that describes the modern healthcare system. It includes facts and figures such as fan-following of Twitter and Facebook and increase in video content. Its high utility during the pandemic has been explored including its misuse to create panic. Recently the interest of a large number of professional associations in social media to come up with succinct and credible information is yet another emerging trend. This chapter tries to identify the healthcare information available on social media sites, which has been found to be beneficial in many ways for the stakeholders. It has its own limitations which need to be explored and understood and addressed appropriately.
Tasks, Approaches, and Avenues of Opinion Mining, Sentiment Analysis, and Emotion Analysis
Authors: Idrees Amira M. , Eldin Fatma Gamal , Mohsen Amr Mansour , Hassan Hesham Ahmed
Published: May 2021

Every successful business aims to know how customers feel about its brands, services, and products. People freely express their views, ideas, sentiments, and opinions on social media for their day-to-day activities, for product reviews, for surveys, and even for their public opinions. This process provides a fortune of valuable resources about the market for any type of business. Unfortunately, it's impossible to manually analyze this massive quantity of information. Sentiment analysis (SA) and opinion mining (OM), as new fields of natural language processing, have the potential benefit of analyzing such a huge amount of data. SA or OM is the computational treatment of opinions, sentiments, and subjectivity of text. This chapter introduces the reader to a survey of different text SA and OM proposed techniques and approaches. The authors discuss in detail various approaches to perform a computational treatment for sentiments and opinions with their strengths and drawbacks.
An Overview of Recent Development in Privacy Regulations and Future Research Opportunities
Authors: Wang Tawei , Wang Yen-Yao
Published: May 2021

This chapter provides an overview of several recently proposed or passed privacy-related regulations, including General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), Illinois Video Interview Act, Data Broker Regulations in Vermont, and Privacy Bill of Rights Act, and related but very limited studies. Toward the end, several research opportunities are discussed. These research opportunities include (1) economic consequences of these new regulations and (2) the new research framework to capture novel features of these regulations to explain security compliance. The authors further discuss possible research designs to address the proposed research opportunities. This chapter provides both professionals and researchers additional insights on the regulation of privacy issues.
Privacy Preservation Based on Separation Sensitive Attributes for Cloud Computing
Authors: Xu Feng , Su Mingming , Hou Yating
Published: May 2021

The Cloud computing paradigm can improve the efficiency of distributed computing by sharing resources and data over the Internet. However, the security levels of nodes (or severs) are not the same, thus, sensitive tasks and personal data may be scheduled (or shared) to some unsafe nodes, which can lead to privacy leakage. Traditional privacy preservation technologies focus on the protection of data release and process of communication, but lack protection against disposing sensitive tasks to untrusted computing nodes. Therefore, this article put forwards a protocol based on task-transformation, by which tasks will be transformed into another form in the task manager before they can be scheduled to other nodes. The article describes a privacy preservation algorithm based on separation sensitive attributes from values (SSAV) to realize the task-transformation function. This algorithm separates sensitive attributes in the tasks from their values, which make the malicious nodes cannot comprehend the real meaning of the values even they get the transformed tasks. Analysis and simulation results show that the authors' algorithm is more effective.
Cloud Storage Privacy in Health Care Systems Based on IP and Geo-Location Validation Using K-Mean Clustering Technique
Authors: Rashid Mamoon , Singh Harjeet , Goyal Vishal
Published: May 2021

Cloud-based platforms are helping organizations like health care systems to improve conditions of patients and saving their lives. Medical professionals are making use of cloud technology to collect information regarding patients more than before and exchange it over different geographical regions. However, the exchange of patient data and information is taking place via complex systems with huge vulnerabilities and risks. In this article, the authors have outlined a model for preserving privacy in data storage used in health care systems by validating access to the data through IP based detection and geographical location-based security techniques. Later, the privacy is enabled by using k-mean clustering technique for validating the user access and avail subscriptions whenever consumer want to use the organization services. The authors also provide the concept of using constant key length encryption technique to secure data on cloud storage irrespective of the type of user.
Scalable l-Diversity
Authors: Rao Udai Pratap , Mehta Brijesh B. , Kumar Nikhil
Published: May 2021

Privacy preserving data publishing is one of the most demanding research areas in the recent few years. There are more than billions of devices capable to collect the data from various sources. To preserve the privacy while publishing data, algorithms for equivalence class generation and scalable anonymization with k-anonymity and l-diversity using MapReduce programming paradigm are proposed in this article. Equivalence class generation algorithms divide the datasets into equivalence classes for Scalable k-Anonymity (SKA) and Scalable l-Diversity (SLD) separately. These equivalence classes are finally fed to the anonymization algorithm that calculates the Gross Cost Penalty (GCP) for the complete dataset. The value of GCP gives information loss in input dataset after anonymization.
A Legal Framework for Healthcare
Authors: Durmuş Veli , Uydaci Mert
Published: May 2021

This chapter provides a holistic general overview of the data protection regime in Turkey. Authors present the principal rights of data protection and transmission in health law and latent ethical concerns by specifying decisions of the Supreme Court in Turkey and the European Court of Human Rights on using personal data. The research describes data protection law for health care setting in Turkey. Primary and secondary data have been used for the study. The primary data includes the information collected with current national and international regulations or law. Secondary data include publications, books, journals, and empirical legal studies. Privacy and data protection regimes in health law show there are some obligations, principles, and procedures which shall be binding upon natural or legal persons who process health-related personal data.
Privacy Preserving Big Data Publishing
Authors: Victor Nancy , Lopez Daphne
Published: May 2021

Data privacy plays a noteworthy part in today's digital world where information is gathered at exceptional rates from different sources. Privacy preserving data publishing refers to the process of publishing personal data without questioning the privacy of individuals in any manner. A variety of approaches have been devised to forfend consumer privacy by applying traditional anonymization mechanisms. But these mechanisms are not well suited for Big Data, as the data which is generated nowadays is not just structured in manner. The data which is generated at very high velocities from various sources includes unstructured and semi-structured information, and thus becomes very difficult to process using traditional mechanisms. This chapter focuses on the various challenges with Big Data, PPDM and PPDP techniques for Big Data and how well it can be scaled for processing both historical and real-time data together using Lambda architecture. A distributed framework for privacy preservation in Big Data by combining Natural language processing techniques is also proposed in this chapter.
The Unexpected Consequences of the EU Right to Be Forgotten
Authors: Tzanou Maria
Published: May 2021

The right to be forgotten as established in the CJEU's decision in Google Spain is the first online data privacy right recognized in the EU legal order. This contribution explores two currently underdeveloped in the literature aspects of the right to be forgotten: its unexpected consequences on search engines and the difficulties of its implementation in practice by the latter. It argues that the horizontal application of EU privacy rights on private parties, such as internet search engines—as undertaken by the CJEU—is fraught with conceptual gaps, dilemmas, and uncertainties that create confusions about the enforceability of the right to be forgotten and the role of search engines. In this respect, it puts forward a comprehensive legal framework for the implementation of this right, which aims to ensure a legally certain and proportionate balance of the competing interests online in the light of the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).
Maturing an Information Technology Privacy Program
Authors: Gregory Mike , Roberts Cynthia
Published: May 2021

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) was initially enacted as an administrative simplification to standardize electronic transmission of common administrative and financial transactions. The program also calls for implementation specifications regarding privacy and security standards to protect the confidentiality and integrity of individually identifiable health information or protected health information. The Affordable Care Act further expanded many of the protective provisions set forth by HIPAA. Since its implementation, healthcare organizations around the nation have invested billions of dollars and have cycled through numerous program attempts aimed at meeting these standards. This chapter reviews the process taken by one organization to review the privacy policy in place utilizing a maturity model, identify deficiencies, and lead change in order to heighten the maturity of the system. The authors conclude with reflection related to effectiveness of the process as well as implications for practice.
Privacy, Ethics, and the Dark Web
Authors: Herschel Richard T.
Published: May 2021

This article examines the impact that dark web activities are having on society. Hacking and data breach activities have created serious challenges to cybersecurity leading to new data privacy legislation in Europe and the United States. The dark web is a segment of the web where people employ special browsers that can mask their identity and hide their network activity. Here can be found a wide range of illicit activities that are oftentimes criminal in nature, including sales of stolen documents, the information of others, and other contraband. Companies are actively trying to monitor dark web activities because new legislation requires them to inform authorities if a breach compromising data privacy has occurred; otherwise, they can be penalized. It is argued that as governments act to reign in dark web activities, they must employ an ethical perspective that is grounded in theory to weigh the intentions of darknet actors and their impact. This is due to the fact that some dark web activities such as whistleblowing can actually benefit society.
The Ethical Issues Surrounding Sections 175-178 of the UK's Data Protection Bill
Authors: Mchenry Daniel James , Mckelvey Nigel
Published: May 2021

There is growing concern that a new data ethics regime that has been introduced into the current draft of the data protection bill may be ethically problematic. The changes are designed to be a framework for data processing but health data privacy advocacy group medconfidential has voiced their concerns at the development. The provider has claimed that the government is trying to push through the regime without first giving the public a chance to engage in discussions about how public-sector data should be stored and processed. This article will discuss ethical issues surrounding the proposed bill as well as big data analytics and will discuss the role played by government in data processing in the UK. It will discuss the arguments for and against the government's proposals. It will be important for the UK government along with all data processors and data controllers to ensure that large amounts of data from all UK citizens across all sectors is handled correctly.
Biometric Data in the EU (Reformed) Data Protection Framework and Border Management
Authors: Casiraghi Simone , Calvi Alessandra
Published: May 2021

Biometrics technologies have been spreading cross-sector in the public and private domains. Their potential intrusiveness, in particular regarding privacy and data protection, has called the European legislators, in the recent EU data protection reform, to introduce a definition of “biometric data,” and to grant biometric data specific protection, as a “special category of data.” Despite the reformed framework, in the field of border management, the use of biometric data is expected to increase steadily because it is seen as a more efficient and reliable solution. This chapter will look into the reformed data protection and border management legal frameworks to highlight discrepancies between the two, and ultimately assess to what extent the new data protection reformed regime for biometric data is satisfactory.
Impact of Customer Relationship Management on Tourist Satisfaction, Loyalty, and Retention
Authors: Moudud-Ul-Huq Syed , Akter Runa , Mahmud Md. Shahed , Hasan Noman
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study is to evaluate by using the more recent and popular marketing strategy or concept that is customer relationship management's impact on tourist satisfaction, loyalty, and retention of a specific, attractive, and amazing tourism destination: Saint Martin island. By reviewing the literature, the authors develop a proposed model and for testing this model based on data collected from 328 respondents using online media. They use PLS-SEM SmartPLS3.2.1 software. The outcome of the analysis reveals that customer relationship management (CRM) has a significant positive impact on tourist satisfaction and loyalty but failed to show a relationship with tourist retention. On the other hand, tourist satisfaction has a positive relationship with loyalty and retention whereas loyalty has a significant impact on retaining tourists.
The Impact of CEO Narcissism and Counterproductive Work Behaviors in Involvement of Middle Managers in the Strategy Process
Authors: Jaoua Fakher , Mohamed Elsayed Sobhy Ahmed
Published: May 2021

This research aims to develop a theoretical framework to explain the conditions that facilitate or hinder the strategic roles of middle managers, such as the effects of CEO narcissism on the strategic roles of middle managers through the moderating effects of counterproductive work behaviors. This research examines these issues in the context of large Tunisian companies participating in Industrial Upgrading Program. The results show that CEO narcissism positively influences the counterproductive work behaviors of middle managers, which in turn negatively influences the strategic roles of middle managers. Consequently, this negative influence calls into question the SRMMs and clearly shows that the presence of the CEO narcissism constitutes an unfavorable condition for the involvement of middle managers in strategy process. Obviously, this should lead the defendants of the involvement of middle managers in strategy process to rethink this participatory approach, and this by considering the conditions that facilitate or hinder the strategic roles of middle managers.
Research of Heat Losses of Solar Collectors and Heat Accumulators
Authors: Klychev Shavkat , Bakhramov Sagdulla A. , Kharchenko Valeriy , Panchenko Vladimir
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the features of heat losses by convection and radiation of flat solar collectors on the basis of a non-stationary thermal model and program. The connection of heat losses with the generalized heat loss coefficient of solar collectors is shown. The article also deals with the problem of determining the distribution of temperatures and heat losses by convection and radiation of a thermal insulation system – accumulating body (water) for a spherical heat accumulator under symmetric boundary conditions. The problem is solved numerically according to the program developed on the basis of the proposed “gap method.” The method and program for the numerical calculation of heat losses and temperatures in time in a spherical two-layer heat accumulator with symmetric boundary conditions, taking into account both incident and intrinsic radiation, have been developed. The program has been developed for a “long” two-layer cylindrical heat accumulator of solar collectors.
Strength Optimization of Infant Pop-Up Seat Frame Using Discrete Material and Thickness Optimization
Authors: Ju YeongJo , Jeon Euysik
Published: May 2021

In this paper, the authors proposed an optimal design method for the strength design of infant pop-up seat frame combined with rear seats for infants, children, and adults, not removable booster seats or car seats. Frame strength design was performed using discrete material and thickness optimization (DMTO) method considering high strength steel (HSS) and advanced high strength steel (AHSS). Structural design using the Section 4 link mechanism was performed, and the weakness of the seat frame due to static load was confirmed through finite element analysis. An optimal design criterion was established by carrying out a case study to derive the limiting conditions according to static and dynamic loads. In consideration of these criteria, the optimal design according to d-optimal and discrete Latin-hypercube (DLH) was performed among the design of experiments (DOE). And the strength of the pop-up seat frame for infants according to each DOE was checked, and the strength optimization method was suggested by comparing the lightweight ratio.
Search-Based Regression Testing Optimization
Authors: Fisal Nagwa R. , Hamdy Abeer , Rashed Essam A.
Published: May 2021

Regression testing is one of the essential activities during the maintenance phase of software projects. It is executed to ensure the validity of an altered software. However, as the software evolves, regression testing becomes prohibitively expensive. In order to reduce the cost of regression testing, it is mandatory to reduce the size of the test suite by selecting the most representative test cases that do not compromise the effectiveness of the regression testing in terms of fault-detection capability. This problem is known as test suite reduction (TSR) problem, and it is known to be an NP-complete. The paper proposes a multi-objective adapted binary bat algorithm (ABBA) to solve the TSR problem. The original binary bat (OBBA) algorithm was adapted to enhance its exploration capabilities during the search for a Pareto-optimal surface. The effectiveness of the ABBA was evaluated using six Java programs with different sizes. Experimental results showed that for the same fault discovery rate, the ABBA is capable of reducing the test suite size more than the OBBA and the BPSO.
With a Little Help From AI
Authors: Urban Adam , Hick David , Noennig Joerg Rainer , Kammer Dietrich
Published: May 2021

Exploring the phenomenon of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in urban planning and governance, this article reviews most current smart city developments and outlines the future potential of AI, especially in the context of participatory urban design. It concludes that especially the algorithmic analysis and synthesis of large data sets generated by massive user participation projects present a beneficial field of application that enables better design decision making, project validation, and evaluation.
Governance of City Resilience
Authors: Colclough Graham , González-Gómez Andoni , Velasco Marc , Stevens John , Goodey Patrick , Henderson Rob , Webber James L. , Telhado Maria Joao , Matos Rafaela de Saldanha
Published: May 2021

Cities face a growing set of complex interdependent challenges. Increasing urban populations, ageing infrastructure, and uncertainties regarding the scale and manifestation of variety of contemporary challenges all highlight the increasing pressures facing decision makers to make substantial change. The influence of City Hall to convene, engage and involve, guide and steer, provide or liberate resources, demonstrate, and decide are all important means by which a city can accelerate and strengthen how it mitigates risks and rebounds from adverse situations better. This paper explores the experiences of cities involved in the RESCCUE project—Bristol, Barcelona, and Lisbon—in addressing climate change risks within pre-existing governance frameworks. The principal conclusion is that there is an absence of a common language and organising framework to strengthen the governance of city resilience, and to that end, the authors offer an emerging framework.
Social Media Marketing and Brand Loyalty Among Online Shoppers in Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Ezenwafor Ebuka Christian , Ayodele Adeola A. , Nwaizugbo Chukwudi Ireneus
Published: May 2021

Although extant literature is gorged with the influence of social media marketing on brand loyalty, empirical investigation on mediating effect of brand awareness on social media marketing (SMM) and brand loyalty in the online retail industry in Nigeria are still lacking. This study examines the mediating effect of brand awareness on social media marketing and brand loyalty among online shoppers in a typical emerging market. To achieve this objective, survey design was adopted, and the unit of analysis was online shoppers in Anambra, Nigeria. Quota sampling and questionnaire were the sampling technique and research instrument respectively. A sample of 254 respondents was drawn using the Cochran's formula. The hypotheses were tested using structural equation model via Smart-Pls. It was found that SMM has predictive effect on brand awareness and brand loyalty: brand awareness predicts brand loyalty, and brand awareness mediates the relationship between SMM and brand loyalty. Organizations should strategize and harness the potential of growing social media and SMM.
The Responses of Consumers to the Online Ordering and Delivery of Meals by Restaurants During COVID-19
Authors: Linh Dinh Hong , Dung Nguyen Dac , Tu Le Minh , Son Ho Ngoc , Kingsbury Aaron
Published: May 2021

As COVID-19 has become more widespread in Vietnam, the government has taken preventative measures including mandating social distancing and closing brick-and-mortar businesses considered unessential. To maintain operations, many restaurants have converted their business models to providing delivery sales via online platforms. This article focuses on understanding exactly why customers order meals online from restaurants during the COVID-19 pandemic and introduces a theoretical model for these developments centered on individual self-protective behavior as a response to the crisis.
Atomistic Level Molecular Dynamics Analysis and its Integrity in the Interim of Irradiation
Authors: Willie Ahli K.D. , Zhao Hong Tao , Annor-Nyarko M.
Published: May 2021

In this work, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was utilized in relation to access the thermal conductivity of UO2, PuO2 and (U, Pu)O2 in temperature range of 500–3000 K. Diffusion study on mixed oxide (MOX) was also performed to assess the effect of radiation damage by heavy ions at burnup temperatures. Analysis of the lattice thermal conductivity of irradiated MOX to its microstructure was carried out to enhance the irradiation defects with how high burnup hinders fuel properties and its pellet-cladding interaction. Fission gas diffusion as determined was mainly modelled by main diffusion coefficient. Degradation of diffusivity is predicted in MOX as composition deviate from the pure end members. The concentration of residual anion defects is considerably higher than that of cations in all oxides. Depending on the diffusion behavior of the fuel lattice, there was decrease in the ratio of anion to cation defects with increasing temperature. Besides, the modern mixed oxide fuel releases fission gas compared to that of UO2 fuel at moderate burnups.
Influence of Dicalcium Silicate and Tricalcium Aluminate Compounds in Different Local Cement Brands on the Compressive Strength of Normal Concrete
Authors: Ede Anthony N. , Olofinnade Oluwarotimi Michael , Akpabot Akpabot Ifiok , Oyebisi Solomon O. , Nduka David O.
Published: May 2021

The mould-ability of concrete into intricate forms and the versatility of its constituent materials has made concrete to be the most preferred construction material. However, in developing nations such as Nigeria, poor quality of concrete is listed among the common causes of building collapse. Thus, this study investigated the effects of chemical compounds of four commonly used local ordinary Portland cement brands on the compressive strength of normal concrete. The cement was labelled brands A, B, C, and D, respectively, while all the other constituent materials remained constant in this study. The HACH DR 200 direct reading spectrophotometer method was used to analyze the composition of the oxide in each of the cement samples, while the Bogue composition formula was used to estimate the compound compositions of the cement samples. A designed mix proportion of 1:2:4 (cement: sand: granite) at water-cement ratio (w/c) of 0.6 was used to produce the concrete with an expected target strength of 25 N/mm2. Also, the initial and final setting time of the cement samples and the workability of the concrete mixes were determined. Forty-Eight (48) numbers cube samples were cast and tested for compressive strength at 3, 7, 14, and 28 curing days, respectively, using a 150 mm concrete cubes. The result shows the setting time of the cement samples to be within an acceptable period. Also, results indicated that the cement brands have a significant percentage of Tricalcium Silicate (C3S) content and low percentage Dicalcium Silicate (C2S) content responsible for faster hydration rate and higher early strength gain of the concrete. However, it was observed that a higher percentage of Tricalcium aluminate (C3A) leads to higher strength gain from 7 to 28 days of curing age.
Finite Element Assessment of a Porous Tibial Implant Design Using Rhombic Dodecahedron Structure
Authors: Eltlhawy Basma , El-Midany Tawfik , Fouda Noha , Eldesouky Ibrahim
Published: May 2021

The current research presents a novel porous tibia implant design based on porous structure. The implant proximal portion was designed as a porous rhombic dodecahedron structure with 500 μm pore size. Finite element method (FEM) was used to assess the stem behavior under compressive loading compared to a solid stem model. CATIA V5R18 was used for modeling both rhombic dodecahedron and full solid models. Static structural analysis was carried out using ANSYS R18.1 to asses the implant designs. The results indicated enhanced clinical performance of tibial-knee implants compared to the solid titanium implant via increasing the maximum von-Mises stresses by 64% under the tibial tray in porous implant which reduce stress shielding. Also, the maximum shear stress developed in bone/implant interface was reduced by 68% combined with relieving the stress concentration under the stem tip to relieve patients' pain. Finally, porous implants provide cavities for bone ingrowth which improve implant fixation.