bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
4.1: Invited Paper: Low‐Temperature‐Process Development of SrS Electroluminescent Phosphors
Authors: Summers C. J. , Tong W. , Wagner B. K. , Menkara H.
Published: January 2005

A comprehensive study is reported of the influence of the growth technique, flux, co‐activator, and charge compensation element selection in optimizing the performance of SrS: Cu thin film electroluminescent phosphors. These studies have shown that low temperature (<400 C) elemental evaporation followed by a post growth sulfur anneal dramatically enhances the grain growth of SrS and its electroluminescent properties. Most recently, ion‐assisted deposition from compound sources has produced good EL performance. For this large‐area process, as‐deposited SrS:Cu samples had a luminance of 18 cd/m2, an efficiency of 0.15 lm/W with chromaticity coordinates of x=0.198, y=0.330 at 60 Hz operation
P‐69: Uniform Alignment of Smetic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Aristov V. L. , Mitrokhin M. V. , Sevostytanov V. P.
Published: January 2005

The influence of LC molecular pretilt angle and alignment layer treatment on the texture uniformity of smectic A LC was investigated. The data been obtained can be used for LC‐filling display technology and for enhance of LCD image quality.
P‐71: Dynamic Drive Scheme for Fast Addressing of Cholesteric Displays
Authors: Rybalochka A. , Sorokin V. , Valyukh S. , Sorokin A. , Nazarenko V.
Published: January 2005

In this paper we have proposed the dynamic drive scheme for cholesteric liquid crystal displays (ChLCD) with high information content. Hysteresis properties of cholesteric liquid crystals (ChLC) combined with the fast transition of ChLC from the homeotropic state to the transient planar state are used for fast addressing. Schematic representation of voltage waveforms on rows, columns and resultant across pixels of a display is presented. In this dynamic drive scheme the time required for record of one display row in 4–5 times lower than the time of transition of ChLC material from the homeotropic state to the transient planar state.
LP‐7: Late‐News Poster: Focal‐Conic Texture Creation During the Cholesteric‐Nematic Transition
Authors: Gotra Zenon , Mikityuk Zenon , Fechan Andriy , Semenova Julia
Published: January 2005

The work is dedicated to studies of a correlation between induced cholesterics physical parameters and scattering textures creation conditions with aim to optimize induced cholesterics parameters for display devices designing.
P‐76: Economic Wide‐Viewing Angle AMLCD Using Dual‐Domain Photoalignment and a Single Discotic Compensation Foil
Authors: Nieuwkerk Cindy , Mol Titie , Stallinga Sjoerd , Leenhouts Frans , van de Witte Peter , van Haaren Jos , Broer Dirk
Published: January 2005

A wide viewing angle AMLCD has been made in which the pixels are divided into two oppositely twisted domains using photoalignment. This wide viewing angle display uses only one discotic compensation film. The system was optimised by 2×2 Jones matrix modelling. The optical properties are evaluated showing improved viewing angles properties, reduced grey scale inversion, a better colour performance and symmetric isocontrast contours.
P‐77: Multidimensional Modeling of Liquid Crystal Optics Using a Ray‐Tracing Technique
Authors: Liu Weimin , Kelly Jack
Published: January 2005

Comparison of techniques in modeling of light propagation at oblique incidence in complex liquid crystal structures is performed. We compare the optical modeling results calculated using liquid crystal material properties along the ray with the more common method of using the material properties along the normal. To show the difference between the two methods, two application examples are considered. Substantial differences in optical performance are observed at wide viewing angles, particularly in the transmitted intensity.
9.1: Arc Stabilisation for Short Arc Projection Lamps
Authors: Moench H. , Derra G. , Fischer E. , Riederer X.
Published: January 2005

UHP‐lamps are standard for high efficient projection systems. All short arc lamps show arc instabilities. Optical integrators can successfully suppress visual effects but they are of limited use for small displays. A new technology is presented here which stabilises the lamp arc directly and keeps the good maintenance of the lamp.
P‐80: Novel Polarization Conversion System for LCD Projectors
Authors: Chang Chong‐Min , Shieh Han‐Ping D.
Published: January 2005

A novel polarization conversion system for liquid crystal display (LCD) projectors is presented to improve light efficiency and uniformity. An offset design is employed in array plates to provide dual light paths for converting random polarized light into linearly polarized light. Additionally, the system performs shape conversion to yield a uniform illumination beam with a rectangular cross section.
P‐81: Source Imaging Goniometer Method of Light Source Characterization for Accurate Projection System Design
Authors: Jenkins David R. , Mönch Holger
Published: January 2005

By collecting data containing both the spatial and angular characteristics of the light emitted from a short arc light source, a set of rays may be created in optical design software that accurately predicts the performance of the light source in a projection system.
34.2: Invited Paper: Transparent Emissive Thin‐Film Electroluminescent Display
Authors: Antikainen Mika , Haaranen Juhani , Honkala Jorma , Lahonen Marja , Liias Veli‐Matti , Pakkala Arto , Pitkänen Tuomas , Soininen Erkki , Törnqvist Runar
Published: January 2005

A 6″ diagonal 320×240 transparent matrix TFEL display has been developed. An areal luminance of 280 cd/m2 has been obtained. The performance is compared to a standard TFEL display of the same size, but with non reflective metal row electrodes.
34.3: Modeling Of Optoelectronic Processes In SrS:Cu ACTFEL Display Devices
Authors: Singh V. P. , Garcia A. , Aguilerra A. , Morton D. C.
Published: January 2005

From the results of measurements involving transient response and dented voltage waveforms, a new model for luminance and current in SrS:Cu ACTFEL devices is developed. It includes the the backflow of electrons form the anodic interface states, field dependent capture of electrons by ionized activators and the effect of bulk phosphor dipoles.
36.1: 6‐Bit Digital VGA OLED
Authors: Mizukami Mayumi , Inukai Kazutaka , Yamagata Hirokazu , Konuma Toshimitsu , Nishi Takeshi , Koyama Jun , Yamazaki Shumpei , Tsutsui Tetsuo
Published: January 2005

We developed 0.7 inch VGA TFT‐OLED with a 64 gray‐scale integrated driver circuit. The TFT‐OLED has good image uniformity due to digital operation. Control in a time‐ratio was useful for achieving large gray‐scale level. Our simplified pixel configuration accomplished high resolution.
36.2: Low Temperature Poly‐Si TFTs on Plastic Substrate Using Surface Free Technology by Laser Ablation/Annealing (SUFTLA™)
Authors: Utsunomiya S. , Inoue S. , Shimoda T.
Published: January 2005

A novel technology that makes it possible to transfer thin film devices from an original substrate to another by using laser ablation/annealing has been investigated. Low‐temperature poly‐Si TFTs firstly fabricated on quartz or glass substrates can be transferred onto plastic substrates without any degradation. By using this technique, a trial TFT‐LCD device was successfully transferred onto a plastic substrate and the operation of its driver circuits was confirmed.
36.3: High Quality Poly‐Si Crystallized at 400 °C by Field Enhanced SMC
Authors: Yoon Soo Young , Cho Kyu Sik , Park Seong Jin , Cho Bong Rae , Kim Kyung Ho , Kwak Won Kyu , Jang Jin
Published: January 2005

A‐Si layer was crystallized at a temperature of 400 °C in the presence of a modest electric field of 100 V/cm. An accumulation of needlelike crystallites in the crystallized poly‐Si has been found after crystallization. This results from the migration of NiSi2 precipitates through a‐Si. The field effect mobility and threshold voltage for a SMC poly‐Si TFT using a maximum process temperature of 400 °C were 76 cm2/Vs and 0.8 V, respectively. The performance of a SMC poly‐Si TFT is comparable to that of an ELA poly‐Si TFT.
36.4L: Late‐News Paper: 4.0‐in. TFT‐OLED Displays and a Novel Digital Driving Method
Authors: Inukai Kazutaka , Kimura Hajime , Mizukami Mayumi , Maruyama Junya , Murakami Satoshi , Koyama Jun , Konuma Toshimitsu , Yamazaki Shumpei
Published: January 2005

We propose a novel type of digital driving manner of TFT‐OLED display by time‐ratio gray‐scale (TRG) expression. The advantage of this is remarkable especially in large, color, or high‐resolution TFT‐OLED displays. A 4.0‐in. TFT‐OLED monochrome display employing this sophisticated digital driving method is demonstrated.
37.1: Invited Paper: Hg‐free Flat Panel Light Source PLANON®‐ a Promising Candidate for Future LCD Backlights
Authors: Ilmer M. , Lecheler R. , Schweizer H. , Seibold M.
Published: January 2005

The pulsed excitation of rare gas discharges using dielectric barrier configurations has been successfully applied for flat panel luminaires to be used in large area LCD backlighting for multimedia applications. Parameters that determine system performance superior to today's Hg‐based CCFL backlight assemblies will be discussed with respect to design properties and processing conditions.
37.2: A Mercury‐Free Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp for LCD Backlighting
Authors: Noguchi Hidehiko , Yano Hidetoshi
Published: January 2005

A mercury‐free cold cathode fluorescent lamp which is suitable for the backlighting of a car‐navigation display, has been developed. This lamp consists of one inner electrode and one outer electrode. By optimizing the structure of the electrode and the driving condition, a high luminous flux and a wide dimming control were achieved. The total luminous flux of this lamp reached to about 50% as much as that of a conventional Hg‐type CFL.
38.3: Prediction of CRT Shock Test and Design Improvement for Shock Resistance
Authors: Ha Kuendong , Kim Donghwan , Junkyo In
Published: January 2005

A computer simulation for a standard CRT shock test was established. The mask/frame/spring assembly was simulated and the previously recorded acceleration history is entered through holes in the springs that connect with the stud‐pins. Using the ‘unit cell’ method, the elastic and plastic mechanical properties of the screen side of the mask are calculated. Real shock tests were done to verify the simulated ‘limit acceleration level’ of the shadow mask assembly. The simulation was used to find the effect of various design parameters, such as screen beads and the location of welding points. Design changes to improve the overall shock resistance of a CRT were found.
39.2: How Modern Display Technology has Affected the Training/Simulation Industry
Authors: Peters David L. , Rodriguez Angel
Published: January 2005

The early Training and Simulation visual systems of the 1960s were very special one‐of‐a kind exotic devices. Modern technology has both eliminated long‐used components and technologies and presented new approaches that can be used in low‐cost applications for multitudes of users in this critical industry.
9.4: High Throughput Color Switch for Sequential Color Projection
Authors: Sharp Gary D. , Birge Jonathan R. , Chen Jianmin , Robinson Michael G.
Published: January 2005

A device is presented for non‐mechanical switching between transmission of red, green, and blue spectral bands. The ColorSwitch™ developed specifically for projection systems uses a unique two‐polarizer additive‐mode design. Three retarder stack‐based stages are cascaded, each independently operating on an additive primary. Attributes of the color switch include high transmission, fast switching, wide color gamut, wide acceptance angle and high power handling.
40.1: Invited Paper: Active Matrix Low Temperature Poly‐Si TFT / OLED Full Color Displays: Development Status
Authors: Rajeswaran G. , Itoh M. , Boroson M. , Barry S. , Hatwar T. K. , Kahen K. B. , Yoneda K. , Yokoyama R. , Yamada T. , Komiya N. , Kanno H. , Takahashi H.
Published: January 2005

In October 1999, Eastman Kodak and Sanyo Electric jointly announced the development of a high quality, 2.4 inch diagonal Full Color active matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) display. This technology demonstration resulted from the successful integration of Kodak's organic electroluminescence display technology and Sanyo's low temperature polysilicon TFT technology. Commercial samples are expected to reach the market in 2001. The active matrix OLED displays feature a wider viewing angle and a faster response speed than conventional LCDs. With its low power consumption, high brightness and thin design, these OLED displays when incorporated in digital cameras, personal digital assistants (PDA), videophones and other portable imaging devices, will offer a superior value proposition to consumer electronics products. Several OLED display designs are under development now to serve various market segments. This paper will summarize the status of active matrix full color OLED display development, the key technical challenges, and the path ahead.
29.4L:Late‐News Paper:Dual Doped High TgWhite Organic Light Emitting Devices on Silicon
Authors: Ali Tariq A. , Jones Gary W. , Howard Webster E.
Published: January 2005

We report the fabrication of efficient surface‐emitting white organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) on single crystal silicon substrates using a high Tg blue host layer with co‐deposited blue‐green and red‐orange emitter dopant molecules. The emission layer is sandwiched between a Spiro‐TAD hole transport layer and an Alq3electron transport layer. The devices operate near the 1931 CIE white balance point with luminous efficiencies of 2.75 lum/W and current efficiencies of 8 cd/A, representing luminance of ∼1600 cd/m2at a current density of 20 mA/cm2. When tested under accelerated and uninterrupted 90% pulsed 20 mA/cm2drive, our OLEDs yield luminance half‐lives of over 5000 hours, which represent normalized half life at 100 cd/m2for color microdisplays of greater than 20,000 hours assuming a 25% duty cycle similar to that created by full motion video. These results enable us to meet commercial and military requirements for OLED color microdisplays employing passband filters for red, green and blue subpixel elements.
29.5L: Late‐News Paper: Advanced AM‐OLED Display Based on White Emitter with Microcavity Structure
Authors: Kashiwabara Mitsuhiro , Hanawa Koji , Asaki Reo , Kobori Isamu , Matsuura Ryoko , Yamada Hirokazu , Yamamoto Tetsuro , Ozawa Atsushi , Sato Yukio , Terada Shoji , Yamada Jiro , Sasaoka Tatsuya , Tamura Shinichiro , Urabe Tetsuo
Published: January 2005

We developed an AM‐OLED display having saturated RGB, high efficiency and good contrast ratio. These properties, which outperform those of a conventional White OLED and color filter (WOLED+CF) system, were achieved with a unique combination of white emitter, microcavity structure and color filter array (WOLED+MC+CF).
32.5L: Late‐News Paper: Video Virtual Window Camera and Display System
Authors: Romano Kenneth D. , Larimer James
Published: January 2005

A system has been developed utilizing a directly coupled, high‐resolution camera and display which provides an effective “video virtual window” which approximates the resolution of the human visual system. When viewed at a distance of approximately 0.5 meter, the system provides a full motion video experience equivalent to direct viewing of the scene by a human observer when the Fov of the camera and display are matched by selection of the appropriate lens. This paper and presentation describes the architecture and implementation of the camera system which was developed to provide the video stream, as well as the interfaces and transmission bandwidths required to achieve the objective. The implications of this concept, as well as ideas for improving its practicality are also introduced
33.5L: Late News Paper: Dynamic Self‐Refreshing Memory‐in‐Pixel Circuit for Low Power Standby Mode in Mobile LTPS TFT‐LCD
Authors: Yamashita K. , Hashimoto K. , Iwatsu A. , Yoshiga M. , Ayres J. R. , Edwards M. J. , Murai H.
Published: January 2005

A compact low power dynamic memory‐in‐pixel circuit has been integrated into a 1.9″ QCIF+ LTPS mobile AMLCD. The power consumed by the active matrix array and the row and column drive circuits can be reduced to a value of just ∼100μW. This low power consumption is possible because the refresh circuit is integrated within the pixel, which reduces the power to charge the columns and common electrode during each refresh cycle.
36.5L: Late‐News Paper: Inorganic TDEL Display using SrS:Cu Blue‐Emitting Phosphor
Authors: Mitsuhashi E. , Yano Y. , Susukida M. , Hirabayashi J. , Tuenge R. , Dickey E.
Published: January 2005

Filtered inorganic TDEL displays with 5.7″diagonal QVGA using SrS:Cu as blue‐phosphor and stacked ZnS:Mn/ZnS:Tb Layers as Red/Green phosphors have been developed. Atomic Layer Deposition(ALD)‐Barrier layer and optimization of post anneal processing were used to improve SrS:Cu blue‐emitting phosphor performance as an oxygen diffusion barrier layer from the thick dielectric substrate. The use of simple stable phosphor materials enables an easily controllable and reproducible sputter processing impacting mass production for commercial small graphic displays.
9.5L: Late‐News‐Paper: A 22.2‐in. UXGA‐Wide TFT‐LCD with High Quality Color Performance for Professional Use Monitor Application
Authors: Nishimura Masaru , Ohtsuki Hideyo , Nagano Shingo , Morii Yasuhiro , Sumi Akinori , Tsuchiyama Yuji , Yachi Sigeru , Kobayashi Kazuhiro
Published: January 2005

We have succeeded in developing 22.2‐in. wide viewing angle UXGA‐Wide TFT‐LCD with a high color reproduction of 96%‐NTSC. Our TFT‐LCD is first one that can realize Adobe RGB color space completely. It is suitable for photograph and printing industry use monitor. The color reproduction of 96%‐NTSC is realized by developing a new CF and new CCFL, and super wide viewing angle is realized by optimizing design of TFT array and panel.
55.5L: Late‐News Paper: A Novel Dithering Algorithm for High Color Depth and High Color Performance: Hi‐FRC
Authors: Lee Seung‐Woo , Kim Sang‐Soo
Published: January 2005

A new dithering algorithm, “Hi‐FRC”, is presented. It enables full (16,777,216) color on an LCD panel with 6‐bit source D‐IC's, compared to conventional FRC which can display only 16,194,277 colors. In addition, an LCD panel with Hi‐FRC can meet the color grayscale linearity requirements of TCO'03 due to its ability to improve the color shift problem.
59.5L: Late‐News Paper: A 68‐inch SVGA 4×4 Tiled Display
Authors: Bayley Paul A. , Gallen Niall A. , Lowe Anthony C.
Published: January 2005

In this paper, we describe recent advances in the production and performance of a seamless tiled display technology. A new automated method to produce arrays of optical light guides has been implemented in the development of a 68‐inch 16‐tile SVGA (800×600) display.
11.5L: Late‐News Paper: Blue LEP‐OLED with 30,000 hours Lifetime for Flat Panel Display Applications
Authors: Leadbeater M. , Patel N. , Tierney B. , O'Connor S. , Grizzi I. , Towns C.
Published: January 2005

Rapid progress has been achieved towards commercially viable blue LEP‐OLED materials. Blue LEDs based on new polyfluorene materials show high efficiency, low operating voltages and an extrapolated time to half‐luminance in excess of 30,000 hours from 100 cd/m2 initial luminance at room temperature.
P‐17: Characteristics of Poly‐Si TFTs Employing “Counter‐Doped Body Tied Source” for Kink Suppression
Authors: Kim Ji Hoon , Nam Woo‐Jin , Song In‐Hyuk , Park Jung‐Hyun , Han Min‐Koo
Published: January 2005

A new poly‐Si TFTs employing “Counter‐doped Body Tied Source (BTS)” have been proposed and fabricated in order to suppress the kink current. In our experiment, the proposed TFTs employing counter doped BTS show that the kink current due to hole accumulation under high drain electrical field is reduced considerably. The capability of hole collection improved as the width of counter doped region increase.
Waveguide Panel Display Using Electromechanical Spatial Modulators
Authors: Zhou Xiaochuan , Gulari Erdogan
Published: January 2005

A novel micro‐electro‐mechanical system (MEMS) approach in waveguide panel displays (WPD) is described. High efficiency electromechanical spatial modulators, based on the use of frustrated total internal reflection, were demonstrated. Potential applications of the new display in HDTV using solid‐state light emitting diode (LED) as a light source are discussed.
38.2: The Detection of Moving Features on a Display: The Interaction of Direction of Motion, Orientation, and Display Rate
Authors: Peli E. , Labianca A. T. , Fine E. M.
Published: January 2005

The contrast detection thresholds for Gabor patches, as a function of speed, oscillated by as much as a log unit when the motion was orthogonal to the orientation of the Gabor. Sensitivity was mediated by temporal frequency alone. Parallel motion, wide‐band stimuli, and eye tracking allowed for higher sensitivity.
38.3: Predicting Color Breakup on Field‐Sequential Displays: Part 2
Authors: Post D. L. , Nagy A. L. , Monnier P. , Calhoun C. S.
Published: January 2005

We measured color‐breakup thresholds for a simple field‐sequential color stimulus while varying its luminance, contrast, and retinal velocity. Data analysis yielded an equation that predicts whether color breakup will be visible for specified viewing conditions. We compare this equation with an earlier version and discuss its uses and limitations.
39.1: Invited Paper: Submicron Spherical Phosphors for FED Applications
Authors: Vecht A. , Jing X. , Gibbons C. , Ireland T. , Davis D. , Marsh P. , Newport A.
Published: January 2005

New synthetic routes using controlled precipitation and firing have led to the preparation of submicron phosphors. In this way, fine particle (0.25–0.5μm) phosphors have been prepared. These compare favourably to present industrial phosphors (3–8μm) with respect to efficiency and brightness at low voltage (300–5000V). The work is now being extended to oxides and binary and ternary sulphides, with considerable promise, although further optimisation is still required.
A 2.25‐in.‐Diagonal Poly‐Si TFT‐LCD Panel for HDTV/XGA Display with Area‐Efficient Source Driver Circuits
Authors: Choi B. D. , Kwon O. K. , Jang H. S. , Kim Y. G. , Soh M. J.
Published: January 2005

The novel pixel structure on which the line memory is imple mented has been proposed. and the channel doping of the analog switch is separately controlled from the other parts of the driver circuits. Both of these contribute to the size reduction of the source driver. Using the proposed source driver, we developed poly‐Si TFT‐LCD panel for HDTV and XGA displays with very high area‐efficiency.
40.4: Optimization of Light‐Valve Mirrors
Authors: Colgan E. G. , Doany F. , Lu M. , Rosenbluth A. , Yang K.‐H. , Uda M. , Shinohara M. , Tomooka T. , Tsukamoto T.
Published: January 2005

A mirror structure for reflective Si based light valves was fabricated using chemical mechanical polishing and a thin 150 nm Al(Cu)/Ti mirror to minimize hillock formation. The use of chemical‐mechanical polishing planarization resulted in only a 1% loss in reflectivity from topography under the mirrors. The reflectivity for pixel sizes from 7.5–40 μm and 0.7 or 0.5 μm gaps were measured and the performance of TN LC pixels with different sizes and inversion methods are reported.
9.4: Residual Gas Effects on the Emission Characteristics of Active Mo Field Emission Cathode Arrays
Authors: Chalamala Babu R. , Wallace Robert M. , Gnade Bruce E.
Published: January 2005

Experimental measurements on the effects of oxygen, water, carbon dioxide, methane, hydrogen and helium gases on the emission characteristics of active molybdenum field emission cathode arrays are presented. Kinetics of the gas‐field emitter interaction were studied and mechanisms responsible for emission changes arez identified.
41.4: Advanced ASM Mode (Axially Symmetric Aligned Microcell Mode): Improvement of Display Performances by Using Negative Dielectric Liquid Crystal
Authors: Kume Y. , Yamada N. , Kozaki S. , Kishishita H. , Funada F. , Hijikigawa M.
Published: January 2005

We have developed advanced Axially Symmetric Aligned Microcell Mode using negative dielectric liquid crystal (N‐type ASM mode) first in the world. Using compensation film for this N‐type ASM mode cell realizes the wide viewing angle of ±80° in all azimuths, and high contrast ratio of 300:1.

The structure of this N‐type ASM mode panel is suitable for large‐sized display panels. This mode is applicable for such active display panels as TFT and PALC display, regardless of the difference of their drive systems.

We consider that this N‐type ASM mode becomes(N‐type ASM mode) a key technology for the next‐generation monitors.
42.1: High‐Rate Deposition of Clear and Hard Oxide Coatings on Plastic Films and Sheets
Authors: Fahland M. , Morgner H. , Schiller N. , Mutialu S. , Bunshah R.
Published: January 2005

Display technology is a rapidly growing market. Manufacturers of flat panel displays are urged to reduce their manufacturing costs to be competitive on the market.

The growing application of plastic sheets and plastic films in display manufacturing requires a hard coating for enhancing the abrasion resistance or for serving as a basic layer for optical coatings. Oxide layers excel in high hardness and abrasion resistance. Utilizing the unique new Hollow cathode Activated Deposition (HAD) technology developed at FEP, allows tQ obtain oxide layers of optical clarity at very high deposition rates (100…500 nm/s) on large substrates. These high rates give the opportunity of economical deposition of thick oxide layers for displays. This new technological breakthrough will allow to fabricate larger flat panels with less weight and to increase the design capabilities of display manufacturers. As an example, this technology allows to provide polycarbonate with an abrasion resistance equal to that of normal float glass. This paper will address the new Hollow cathode Activated Deposition (HAD) technology to display manufacturers.
43.3: How Fill Factor Affects Display Image Quality
Authors: Yu Sai , Penn Cecil , Jachimowicz Karen , Silverstein Louis D.
Published: January 2005

A psychophysical experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of field emission display (FED) fill factor on display image quality. A two‐alternative, forced‐choice psychophysical task was employed to obtain judgments of image coarseness and overall image quality as a function of three fill factors, 30 percent, 40 percent and 69 percent of VGA resolution FEDs. The results revealed that FED imaging performance is not improved by increasing the fill factor of 325 micron pixel pitch FEDs, provided that space‐average luminance is maintained constant.
44.1 L: Ridge and Fringe‐Field Multi‐Domain Homeotropic LCD
Authors: Lien A. , Nunes R. , John R. A. , Galligan E. , Colgan E. , Wilson J. , Cai C.
Published: January 2005

A ridge and fringe field multi‐domain homeotropic (RFFMH) liquid crystal display was demonstrated. The operating principle of this new display mode is the combination effect of a fringe field and ridge structure to control the tilt direction of the liquid crystal molecules when a voltage is applied. No rubbing treatment is required and, with proper compensation films, the display has very wide viewing angles.
10.1: Invited Paper: Illumination Optics for LC Projection Displays
Authors: Honguh Y.
Published: January 2005

The author proposes an illumination optics system for LC‐projection displays to improve optical efficiency. It uses a pair of special lenses whose surface profiles are determined so that the circular cross section of the incident light beam is transformed into a rectangular one. Nonlinear least squares fitting and ray‐tracing is combined to determine the surface profile parameters. The design and the results of the performance simulation are presented. The method is expected to provide high‐efficiency, well‐collimated illumination.
45.3: Automatic Adjustment Method of Parameters in CRT Interface Circuit for LCD Monitor
Authors: Nishitani S. , Kasai N. , Furuhashi T. , Kurihara H. , Mori T.
Published: January 2005

For 13.3‐inches diagonal XGA Super TFT‐LCD monitor with the CRT interface, we have developed automatic adjustment method of parameters in A/D conversion circuit, for example offset, gain, phase and frequency. Therefore, this TFT‐LCD monitor can provide with high quality display with easy control.
45.5: Invited Paper: Characterization of Column Driver for TFT‐LCD
Authors: Amemiya T.
Published: January 2005

The goal of development effort for an AMLCD display in IBM is to provide a customer with a best display in terms of image quality, features for EMI reduction, low power dissipation, and also mechanical packaging. In order to achieve this goal, properties of column driver play important roles. A simple and unique method was developed to examine those properties at device level. and the result showed good consistency with actual performance of column driver on an AMLCD display. Characterization of column driver with this methods results in a time‐efficient and cost‐effective comparing to a conventional evaluation purpose only prototyping.
46.3: The Effect of Surface Structure on the Performance of a Ferroelectric LCD
Authors: Jones J. C. , Smout A. B. J. , Bannister R. W. , Dunn P. E. , Haslam S. D. , Heath R. , Pidduck A. J. , Itoh N. , Kabe M. , Koden M. , Miyoshi S. , Shigeta M.
Published: January 2005

The performance of ferroelectric liquid crysta displays are particularly sensitive to achieving the correct alignment conditions. Topographical studies of the surface layers of a colour FLCD have been made using tapping mode atomic force (AFM). The results are compared with detailed studies of test cells at different stages of device fabrication. An understanding of the relationship between the nanoscopic structure of the surfaces and the bulk alignment of the liquid crystal is developed. This enables device properties such as speed, contrast and viewing angle to be improved uniformly over the panel.
Specification and Assessment of the Visual Aspects of Cockpit Displays
Authors: Vassie Ken
Published: January 2005

This paper discusses the methods that the Military Aircraft & Aerostructures Division of British Aerospace Defence have developed over the last two decades to specify and assess cockpit displays. It is primarily concerned with single seat fast jet aircraft though it could also apply to any display applications where high levels of ambient illumination are present. The specification method is based around a modelling technique referred to as the Perceived Just Noticeable Difference (PJND) method. The assessment method is based around a purpose built ‘lighting’ chamber.
4.2: Design ofanlmproved Pixel fora Polysilicon Active‐Matrix Organic LED Display
Authors: Dawson R. M. A. , Shen Z. , Furst D. A. , Connor S. , Hsu J. , Kane M. G. , Stewart R. G. , Ipri A. , King C. N. , Green P. J. , Flegal R. Y. , Pearson S. , Barrow W. A. , Dickey E. , Ping K. , Tang C. W. , Van Slyke S. , Chen F. , Shi J. , Sturm J. C. , Lu M. H.
Published: January 2005

A polysilicon transistor based active matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) pixel with high pixel to pixel luminance uniformity is reported. The new pixel powers the OLEDS with small constant currents to ensure consistent brightness and extended life. Excellent pixel to pixel current drive uniformity is obtained despite the threshold voltage variation inherent in polysilicon transistors. considerations in the design for high information content displays are discussed.
10.3 White Enhancement for Color Sequential DLP™
Authors: Kunzman A. , Pettitt G.
Published: January 2005

Single‐panel optical architectures are a unique capability of Digital Light Processing (DLP™) projection system that is possible because of the fast on‐off transition time of the Digital Micromirror Device (DMD™). A method is described that includes a clear or white segment to the color modulation that significantly improves the optical efficiency of this architecture resulting in both improved brightness and contrast of the projected image. Brightness improvements of 25% and more are possible over 1st generation DLP systems.
11.1: Polyimide Films Designed to Produce High Pretilt Angles with a Single Linearly Polarized UV Exposure
Authors: Nishikawa M. , Taheri B. , West J. L.
Published: January 2005

We designed polyimide films for LC alignment using polarized UV exposure. Unidirectional LC alignment with any desired pretilt angles from 0 up to 90 ° were obtained using a single oblique polarized UV exposure. Results suggest that photo‐decomposition of polyimide produces anisotropic van der Waals forcesz which aligns the LC.
Chemically Imidized Polyimide as an Alignment Material for Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Nazarenko V. G. , St. Clair A. K. , Klouda R. , Polak R. D. , Nastishin Yu. , Lavrentovich O. D.
Published: January 2005

We have characterized a chemically imidized polyimide LARC‐CP1 newly synthesized by NASA as a low‐temperature‐processing alignment material for liquid crystal displays. Using low‐temperature boiling solvents, we havedeveloped a technique of cell coating that leads to a uniform planar director orientation with a pretilt angle that can be controlled in the range 0–7 degrees. Dependencies of the pretilt angle, anchoring energy coefficient, surface topography and voltage holding ratio on the type of solvent and conditions of processing(temperature, rubbing strength, etc.) have been explored.
11.4L: Late‐News Paper: Very High Pretilt Alignment and Its Application in Pi‐Cell LCDS
Authors: Xu M. , Yang D.‐K. , Bos J. , Jin X. , Harris F. W. , Cheng S. Z. D.
Published: January 2005

A novel alignment material capable of a pretilt angle around 51° was developed and characterized. Such a high pretilt may find numerous applications in developing new liquid crystal display (LCD) technologies and improving existing technologies. We developed a π‐cell utilizing the high pretilt alignment material, in which the bend director configuration is stable at zero field.
High Efficiency and High Visual Quality LCD Backlighting System
Authors: Horibe A. , Baba M. , Nihei E. , Koike Y.
Published: January 2005

A new concept LCD backlighting system using the highly scattering optical transmission (HSOT) polymer has twice the brightness of the conventional backlight and uniform illumination. Light scattering phenomenon of a spherical particle inside the HSOT polymer is calculated exactly by the Mie scattering theory. It was confirmed theoretically that the color illuminated from the HSOT backlight could be controlled by the specified scatterer. In this paper, we reported the latest HSOT backlighting system having high efficiency and high color uniformity by optimizing the light scattering phenomena inside the light pipe. Also, these techniques developing efficiency and color lead to enlarging the size of the backlighting system.
13.1: A Psycophysical Analysis of the Effects of CRT Mask Structure on Image Quality
Authors: Kojima A. , Shiramatsu N.
Published: January 2005

A psychophysical experiment using an image simulation system was conducted to determine the effects of CRT mask structure on image legibility. An aperture grille mask resulted in better legibility than a shadow mask.
16.1: Invited Paper; The Trends of Reflective LCDs for Future Electronic Paper
Authors: Ogawa T. , Fujita S. , Iwai Y. , Koseki H.
Published: January 2005

One of the biggest challenges for LCD technologies is to realize true “Electronic Paper”. The most appropriate solution for it will be reflective color LCDs. Various types of them will be reviewed, and especially single polarizer modes will be emphasized. The trends to go ahead and key technologies will be also discussed.
16.3:A Reflective Full Color TN‐LCD with a Single Polarizer Using Low Temperature Poly‐Si TFTs
Authors: Iwai Y. , Yamaguchi H. , Sekime T. , Kinoshita H. , Fujita S. , Mizuno H. , Hatanaka T. , Ohtani T. , Ogawa T.
Published: January 2005

A reflective full color TN‐LCD using low temperature poly‐Si TFTs with high resolution and large visible area has been developed for mobile video tools. The optimized construction of normally white (NW) mode TN cell with a single polarizer and the pixel design of high aperture ratio based on low temperature poly‐Si TFTs enabled the LCD to obtain high reflectance of 15%, high contrast ratio of 1:15, good achromaticity and wide color gamut.
17.2: A Backlight System Providing Variable Viewing Angles for Transmissive LCDs
Authors: Sautter W. , Kallfass T. , Bader G. , Lueder E. , Koenig W. , Knight K. R.
Published: January 2005

A simple optical system is described which allows for the variation of the viewing angle of transmissive‐type LCDs. It is well suited for automatic teller machines (ATMs) to switch between a wide viewing angle state which is defined by the used LCD and a restricted viewing angle for privacy, where a contrast of 30 at normal viewing direction decreases to a value of less than 0.3 at an angle of 30°.
Reducing the Number of Scan Drivers in AC‐PDPs by an Order of Magnitude Using Gas Discharge AND Logic
Authors: Ishii M. , Aikawa T. , Igarashi K. , Mikoshiba S. , Ryeom J. D. , Park K. Y. , Park C. B.
Published: January 2005

A new driving technique is introduced with which the number of scan drivers for the conventional 3‐electrode surface‐discharge AC‐PDPs can be reduced by more than an order of magnitude. The technique utilizes the gas discharge AND logic, with which an address speed for HDTV expression can be attained.
AMLCD on plastic substrates
Authors: Sandoe J. N.
Published: January 2005

A review of the advantages of plastic substrates for AMLCD shows that the initial market is likely to be in the ‘hand held’ portable computing area. There, the combination of ruggedness, low weight and high performance will become essential.

Work on top gate TFT devices made using the industry standard PECVD deposition of a‐Si and SiN shows that growth at temperatures suitable for poly‐ethyl sulphone (PES) substrates can lead to excellent device characteristics. A key issues with PES is the dimensional instability during etching between lithography steps. A TFT ‘finger’ design allows for dimensional changes and provides acceptable display performance.
21.2: Optimum Film Compensation Modes for TN and VA LCDS
Authors: Chen J. , Kim K.‐H. , Jyu J.‐J. , Souk J. H. , Kelly J. R. , Bos P. J.
Published: January 2005

The compensation principle to reduce the off‐axis light leakage of crossed polarizers is investigated. After optimizing the retardation films, the simulation results show that the black state of viewing angle of compensated TN and VA modes can be made wider than the angle of view of crossed polarizers. The results are also confirmed by the test cells.
22.1: Automotive Navigation Display System
Authors: Utsui Yoshihiko , Arai Hirotsugu , Washino Shouichi , Ideno Hiroaki
Published: January 2005

Vehicle Information Systems, of which the In‐Car Navigation System is representative, are widely used in Japan.

The market volume reached over a million per year in 1997 in Japan, even though it is only 10 years since practical navigation systems appeared. In this paper, briefly introduce the recent developments in technologies and display contents used in In‐Car navigation systems in Japan. and also introduce a practical analysis of quantity of information which is included in route guidance map display. This analysis was carried out for the purpose of distributing the safe and easy recognition contents.
23.2: Development of New Ferrite Material for Deflection Yoke Core
Authors: Masuda Y. , Akiyama T. , Kitaoka M. , Otobe S. , Takei H. , Kitaoka M.
Published: January 2005

Reduction of heat generation is important for deflection yoke design. We developed the simulation technology which calculted heat generation from core loss and copper loss of deflection yoke. AMI using this technolgy. we developed low loss ferrite material for deflection yoke core. It was possible that the temperature falls 3∼5°C in deflection yoke, because the core loss of new material “DS1” decrease below half in comparison with Mg‐Zn ferrite.
23.3: Vibration Analysis of Trinitron Aperture Grille
Authors: Taguchi H. , Seto K. , Doi F. , Ren M.
Published: January 2005

This paper describes some experimental investigation on the vibration problem of Aperture Grille in Trinitron CRT, based on experimental modal analysis technique.

It is found that the cause of Aperture Grille vibration due to elastic mode of the frame. It is also found that Aperture Grille, though consisting of numerous independent fine strings, demonstrates somewhat membrane vibration characteristics.
23.4: The Camel CRT
Authors: Sluyterman A. A. S.
Published: January 2005

A CRT is proposed in which two deflection yokes and two sets of guns are used but only one shadow mask. The image is divided into two sub‐images. Image uniformity is obtained by creating partial overlap of the two sub‐images. A monochrome test tube was build to study the positioning requirements of the two sub‐images.
24.1: Microbridge Plasma Display Panel
Authors: Choi Kyung Cheol , Hallock Bob , Johnson Roger A. , Dick George
Published: January 2005

A new plasma display panel with a microbridge structure has been proposed and its characteristics have been measured. This new microbridge plasma display has a high operating gas pressure (400 to 700 torr) and a short gap (20 to 30 μm) between the cathode and anode. This structure has holes in the cathode to reduce the current and ultimately to eliminate the resistor‐in‐cell structure used in DC plasma display applications.
24.2: Direct Observation of VUV Rays for Surface‐Discharge ac Plasma Displays by Using an Ultra‐High‐Speed Electronic Camera
Authors: Sawa M. , Uchiike H. , Zhang S. , Yoshida K.
Published: January 2005

VUV rays for surface‐dischaqge ac PDPs were observed directly by using a newly developed ultra‐high speed electronic camera with a wave length of 120nm to 330nm. It is first confirmed that 147nm, 152nm and 173nm WV rays are emitted from both cathodes and anodes.
High‐performance top‐gate a‐Si:H TFTs for AMLCDs
Authors: Chiang Chun‐Sung , Martin Sandrine , Nahm Jeong‐Yeop , Kanicki Jerzy , Ugai Yasuhiro , Yukawa Teizo , Takeuchi Shu
Published: January 2005

High‐performance top‐gate hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) thin‐film transistor (TFT) structures have been fabricated over a large area from plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) materials. The electrical performances of the top‐gate a‐Si:H TFT (μFE≅0.75cm2/Vsec, VT≅3.5V, S≅0.55V/dec) are comparable to the electrical performances observed for an inverted‐staggered bottom‐gate a‐Si:H TFT. We have shown that the TFT field‐effect mobility first increases with the a‐Si:H thickness, and then decreases for thicker a‐Si:H films. This change of the electrical performances can be associated either with the variation of a‐Si:H microstructure with film thickness during the PECVD processes or a large density of TFT back interface states; it also involves the source/drain parasitic access resistances, especially for thick a‐Si:H layers.
26.1: Invited Paper: Materials and Components Optimization for IPS TFT‐LCDs
Authors: Kondo K. , Matsuyama S. , Konishi N. , Kawakami H.
Published: January 2005

Materials and components for IPS (in‐plane switching) ‐TFT‐LCDS are optimized based on a basic analysis of the in‐plane switching behavior of nematic liquid crystals. We have newly developed materials and components accessible for mass producible and commercially available IPS‐TFT‐LCDS. New phenomena unlike from that found in conventional TN‐TFT‐LCD cases, such as a higher holding ratio characteristic which is specific to the IPS mode, are found. An optimization procedure for a liquid crystal mixture and a color filter is reviewed. By using new materials and components, we have supplied an IPS‐TFT‐LCD module consisting of a common driver LSI whose driving voltage is 5 volts with a response speed of 60ms (rise+fall), almost comparable to that of conventional TN‐TFT‐LCDs. Finally, our recent development state toward a faster response speed of 25ms, which is applicable to a moving picture display, is discussed.
Liquid Crystal Material Development of IPS‐TFT Displays
Authors: Klement D. , Tarumi K. , Numata H. , Ichinose H. , Naemura S.
Published: January 2005

IPS Display is one of the promising technologies for the larger Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) of monitors for the desk top computers and TVs with a very good feature of viewing angle dependence. The requirement of IPS displays upon liquid crystal materials is different from TN‐TFT displays.

Taking this different requirement into consideration we have performed a characterization of liquid crystal materials for optimizing the mixture design. Identifying new liquid crystal materials we have succeeded in improving the viscous property of mixtures which would enable the full moving pictures of IPS displays.
27.4: Investigation into Variable Addressibility Image Sensors and Display Systems
Authors: Kubala K. , Hatch A. , Hooker R. B. , Lewis L.
Published: January 2005

The eye's acuity varies across its field of view, decreasing to 10% of its axial value at only 20 degrees. This creates a situation where standard displays, when used in conjunction with the eye, present more information than can be perceived. This paper describes an optical system that has been developed that radially re‐maps the pixels of a miniature display or sensor to match the varying acuity of the eye across its field of view. This system increases the field of view of an electronic viewing system without any apparent loss in image quality.
LP‐B: Late‐News Poster: A 60‐in. HDTV Rear‐Projector with Continuous‐Grain‐Silicon Technology
Authors: Ohtani H. , Ogata Y. , Mitsuki T. , Hiroki M. , Yamazaki S. , Hijikigawa M.
Published: January 2005

HDTV rear 60″ projector were fabricated using monolithic TFT‐LCD's with newly developed Continuous Grain Silicon (CGS) film. High speed circuit operation due to excellent TFT characteristics was realized. As a result we obtained LCD images without periodic unevenness using data driver without video signal expansion.
Characterizing Thin Films in the Flat Panel Display Industry with Variable Angle Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (VASE®)
Authors: Hilfiker James N. , Synowicki Ron A. , Hale Jeffrey S. , Bungay Corey
Published: January 2005

Variable Angle Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (VASE®) is a common characterization method for thin films used in the flat panel display industry. It is a precise and non‐destructive technique for determining refractive index and film thickness for single or multi‐layered films. The film properties can be mapped to ensure uniformity over large area panels. The application of VASE® for flat panel applications will be reviewed — including measurements of amorphous silicon, silicon nitride, silicon dioxide, liquid crystals, indium tin oxide (ITO), and multi‐layers of these materials.