bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Implementation of Extracurricular Scouting in the Development of Disciplinary Character in Terms of the Civic Dimension of Elementary School Students
Authors: Suratman Suratman , Suyitno Suyitno
Published: March 2024

Character education in scouting is believed to be able to change current problems, especially disciplinary problems. This study aims to develop the disciplinary character of students in terms of the PKN dimension through the implementation of scouting extracurricular activities. The research method used is a qualitative research approach, with a descriptive qualitative design while the research subjects chosen are principals, scout coaches, learners. This study uses data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, documentation studies, data analysis carried out, namely data reduction, data presentation (data display), and conclusion drawing / verification to test the validity of data using credibility tests. The implementation of extracurricular scouting can develop the disciplinary character of learners. Increased implementation of extracurricular scouting to be carried out optimally so that the disciplinary character of students will increase.
Implementation of Social Care Character in Students Through Koin Peduli Sahabat Activities in Elementary Schools
Authors: Radiyem Radiyem , Andriani Ana
Published: March 2024

This study aims to describe the implementation process  of "Koin Peduli Sahabat" activities to improve  the character of  social care in  elementary school students. Initial observations show that students' understanding and awareness of social care character is still  lacking, the application of social care character is not optimal, and support from teachers is still low. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach with case studies.  The subjects in  this study were grade VI students  of  SDN Bangkal 01 in Binangun District,  Cilacap Regency. Data collection techniques with interviews, observations, and documentation studies. Activities in data analysis are data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results showed that  the implementation of "Koin Peduli Sahabat"  activities can improve  the character of social care in elementary schools.
Analysis of the Implementation of Love for the Motherland Character Education Through Civic Education Subjects at SD Negeri Karanggintung 01 Gandrungmangu Cilacap
Authors: Cahyadi Lutfi , Wakhudin Wakhudin
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study is to find out how (1) Planning for Love of the Motherland Character Education through Civic Education Subjects at SD Negeri Karanggintung 01 Gandrungmangu Cilacap; (2) Implementation of Love for the Motherland Character Education through Civic Education Subjects at SD Negeri Karanggintung 01 Gandrungmangu Cilacap; (3) Analysis of the Implementation of Love for the Motherland Character Education through Civic Education Subjects at SD Negeri Karanggintung 01 Gandrungmangu Cilacap. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach and with the chosen method, namely the case study method. Data collection techniques in this study used in-depth interviews, observations and document studies with interactive analysis. Based on the results of the study, it shows that (1) Education Planning for the character of love for the homeland through Civic Education subjects at SD Negeri Karanggintung 01 Gandrungmangu Cilacap was carried out with good planning. Before conducting character education, love for the teacher's homeland, educators prepare learning tools in the form of syllabi, lesson plans, assessment instruments and teaching materials. Then in learning media educators prepare laptops and LCD Projectors. Educators have an important task in teaching and learning activities in the classroom, therefore an interactive learning model with student character is needed. (2) The implementation of character education for love of the homeland through Civic Education subjects at SD Negeri Karanggintung 01 Gandrungmangu Cilacap uses learning models and learning media that are in accordance with the conditions of students so that students are enthusiastic about participating in teaching and learning activities and making learning goals easier to achieve. (3) Analysis of character education of love for the homeland through Civic Education subjects at SD Negeri Karanggintung 01 Gandrungmangu Cilacap found that character education can present positive traits for students regarding knowledge and the importance of meaning contained in civic education learning. The implementation of character education Love for the homeland has a significant influence on the formation of student character can be seen from the value of students above the minimum completeness criteria and in seen in activities that reflect the character of love for the homeland in flag ceremonies, picket squads and extracurricular activities.
Literacy Learning Innovations in Elementary Schools
Authors: Mumpuni Atikah , Putri Ragil Dian Purnama , Haryanto Haryanto
Published: March 2024

Literacy skills are needed to face the challenges of the 21st century. Therefore, it is necessary to make innovations that support literacy learning in elementary schools. The writing method used is a literature review. In this article, there are five articles analyzed to determine the innovation of literacy learning in elementary schools. Innovation in literacy learning in elementary schools can be done in terms of facilities and infrastructure, forms of activities, and content or content. The results of the analysis conducted show that literacy learning innovations in terms of facilities and infrastructure can be done with an interesting literacy corner and media use. Innovation in literacy learning in terms of the form of activities can be done by integrating literacy learning with literature and technology. Meanwhile, literacy learning innovation in terms of content or content can be done with food security literacy.
INFRARED SENSOR OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE SEBAGAI SAKLAR KONTROL PADA HAND SANITIZER OTOMATIS
Authors: Zulfi Muhammad , Hidayat Rahmat
Published: March 2024

Penggunaan sensor infrared dalam pembuatan hand sanitizer otomatis merupakan salah satu pembaruan yang cukup dibutuhkan pada masa pandemi ini. Sensor infrared sebagai saklar otomatis yang akan berfungsi untuk mengatur keluaran hand sanitizer yang ditempatkan pada suatu botol dengan cara mendeteksi pergerakan objek yang didekatkan pada sensor. Cara kerja alat ini terbilang cukup sederhana namun dapat membantu untuk meminimalisir dari sentuhan pada penggunaan hand sanitizer bersama. Komponen yang digunakan pada pembuatan antara lain Arduino Uno R3 sebagai pengontrol, IR Obstacle Avoidance sebagai pendeteksi objek, Micro Servo SG90 sebagai penggerak tuas.
Penerapan Akuntansi Persediaan Pada PT Hutama Neala Di Surabaya
Authors: Elvira  Damayanti  , Bambang Karnain P  , Harsono Teguh
Published: March 2024

The development of companies in Indonesia has entered the era of globalization which is marked by increasing competition between business actors operating in various business fields, both in the trade and industrial services sector which is experiencing an increase in business activities. Every company, whether engaged in trading or manufacturing, generally aims to make a profit. Apart from these goals, the company must also maintain business continuity and growth so that the company can run well and develop. In an effort to achieve this goal, the company must be able to operate smoothly and be able to combine all existing resources, so that it can achieve optimal results and profit levels. One resource that plays an important role in achieving company goals is inventory. This is because most of the company's activities are related to inventory. Inventory is a current asset that has quite a high risk in the company's activities if it is not paid proper attention. The risks that may arise can be in the form of physical risks or financial risks. For example, from a physical perspective, namely if there is fraud regarding inventory in the warehouse due to lack of supervision and damage to goods occurs which results in disappointed consumers. And from a financial perspective, that is if an error occurs in recording which results in a company loss in the accounting period.
«Solo chi ama conosce». Tra le carte e i libri di Elsa Morante
Authors: Cardinale Eleonora
Published: March 2024

Le carte e i libri di Elsa Morante, conservati presso la Biblioteca nazionale centrale di Roma, testimoniano tutte le diverse fasi della sua produzione intellettuale, permettendo di entrare nel suo laboratorio di scrittura, ricostruito ne La stanza di Elsa del museo Spazi900. Il contributo ripercorre le tappe e le specificità di questa notevole eredità letteraria, una delle più significative e peculiari del Novecento proprio per la sua organicità e unitarietà, tra carte, libri, oggetti, opere d’arte e arredi.
Altrovi queer. Biblioteche e centri di documentazione del movimento LGBTQ+
Authors: Sonzini Valentina
Published: March 2024

Il contributo illustra la presenza, in ambito italiano, di centri di documentazione e biblioteche specializzate del movimento LGBTQ+, la loro genesi e la loro organizzazione. Inoltre, vengono illustrati i caratteri peculiari dei materiali in essi conservati. Infine, vengono presentati alcuni parallelismi fra queste realtà e le biblioteche del movimento femminista.
Gli “eterni iloti”: le campagne mantovane e la politica tra XIX e XX secolo
Authors: Zacchè Gaia
Published: March 2024

L’articolo rappresenta l’identità contadina tramite tipi di fonti differenti, “provinciali” e “popolari”. Le fonti, che consistono in giornali, canzoni, poesie e immagini, provengono in gran parte da Mantova, per poter sviluppare il case study di un concetto comunque variegato. In conclusione si riflette sull’importanza della microstoria per poter indagare il tema del rappresentante e del rappresentato con un ventaglio più ampio di prospettive.
Proverbs and Gnōmai in the Epic of Gilgamesh
Authors: Ballesteros Bernardo
Published: March 2024

This essay discusses proverbial expressions and wisdom sayings in the Gilgamesh tradition. It contends that certain critical strategies developed for ancient Greek poetry can be applied to Babylonian epic, particularly the analysis of poetic gnōmai and narrative irony. I begin by isolating the type of expression at issue, building on a flexibility in scholarly definitions of proverbs, gnōmai and sayings that goes back to antiquity (§ 2). The core of the paper (§§ 3‑5) charts and comments on wisdom sayings in the first-millennium Standard Babylonian (SB) Gilgamesh with reference to the earlier poetic tradition. After some concluding remarks (§ 6), I include an indication of potential comparative avenues involving Homeric epic (§ 7).
THE EFFECT OF SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Nawacatur Oviwasat , Trinugroho Irwan
Published: March 2024

The study aims to examine the effect of perfomance disclosure and sustainability report, including economic perfomance and social performance on the financial  perfomance of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2018-2021 period, which during this time span was the early period of the Covid-19 pandemic. The independent variable in this study is the sustainability report (X), while the dependent variable in this study is financial performance (Y1) and market performance (Y2), the control variable is represented by financial leverage, total assets, and audi quality which is one of the fundamental information for market participants. The sample used in this study is a company selected based on the purposive sampling method. The analytical method used in this study is multiple linear regression test, by testing the hypotesis T test
PERAN EXPERIENTIAL MARKETING, KUALITAS PELAYANAN DAN MOTIVASI BELANJA DALAM MEMPENGARUHI MINAT BELI ULANG
Authors: Selvi  , Nuvriasari Audita
Published: March 2024

This study aims to analyze the role of experiential marketing, service quality and shopping motivation in influencing repurchase intention at X Coffee & Eatery in Yogyakarta. The method used in this research is causal associative using a quantitative approach.

Sampling was done by non-probability sampling method using a purposive sampling technique with a total of 100 respondents. The results showed that experiential marketing plays a positive and significant role in influencing repurchase intention, service quality does not play a significant role in influencing repurchase interest, shopping motivation plays a positive and significant role in influencing repurchase intention.
Analysis of the frequency-time structure of acoustic noises of unmanned aerial vehicles in the STM32 CubeIDE environment
Authors: Leonidov V.I. , Semenets V.V. , Grigoriev A.B.
Published: March 2024

The formulation of the task of detecting small unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) is presented, the expediency of building a drone detection system in the stm32 cubeide environment based on the principle of reception and analysis of acoustic signals emitted by drones during their flight mission is substantiated.

The study of temporal fluctuations in the period of acoustic signals of a drone is carried out by the method of model-correlation analysis, as a result of which three-dimensional structures are formed: time – period – correlation coefficient of the acoustic signal with the model in the form of a time-limited sinusoidal function.

The resulting structures are formed as matrices of correlation coefficient values.

The members located along the columns are calculated by time shifting the model function along the signal sample. The members in each column are calculated with a constant period of the model function given from a series of values.

It is shown that the correlation coefficients between the rows of the matrices calculated from drone signals are significantly higher than the same values obtained from background noise measurements. The functions showing the change in time of the correlation coefficients between the rows of the time-period matrix structures for drone signals and background noise do not overlap and show a consistently larger difference in correlation coefficients, which allows us to use the correlation coefficient as a feature that classifies the presence of drone signals.
Eutanasia y enfermedad mental:el problema del sufrimiento.
Authors: Medrano Albéniz Juan , Uriarte  Uriarte José Juan
Published: March 2024

La Ley 3/2021 de regulación de la eutanasia no excluye de este derecho a las personas con enfermedad mental y su redacción actual hace pensar que serán pocas las que que cumplan los criterios para la prestación de ayuda a morir. No obstante, es posible que en el futuro sea modificada de manera que más personas con enfermedad mental puedan solicitar y obtener la PAM sobre la base de un sufrimiento psíquico. Este concepto es problemático porque es difícil separarlo de los síntomas de la propia enfermedad, y ha resultado difícil de abordar y operativizar en otros países.
Restorative Justice Through Strengthening Community Legal Culture in Indonesia: Challenges and Opportunity
Authors: Mulyana Hadi Adwi , Iftitah Anik , Alamsyah Syahrul
Published: March 2024

The main objective of this study is to examine how restorative justice can be effectively implemented in Indonesian society by strengthening its legal culture. The research methodology employed in this investigation is normative research, which encompasses a comprehensive review of existing literature and an analysis of pertinent legislation and policies. The prevailing legal culture in Indonesia places significant emphasis on punishment and incarceration as forms of justice, thereby influencing the acceptance and execution of restorative justice practices. Nevertheless, various endeavors have been undertaken to integrate restorative justice into the community's legal culture. These initiatives include establishing supportive legal frameworks, providing training and capacity-building programs, implementing pilot projects and experiments, advocacy campaigns, public awareness campaigns, and community engagement. However, several obstacles and challenges need to be addressed, such as shifting legal paradigms, insufficient knowledge and awareness among the general public, resistance from offenders, and limited resources. To overcome these constraints and challenges, concrete steps are needed, such as increasing public knowledge and awareness, establishing supportive legal frameworks, active community engagement, and resource optimization. By addressing these constraints and challenges, restorative justice can be more integrated with the legal culture of Indonesian society, providing a positive contribution to conflict resolution, restoring social relationships, and improving the justice system in Indonesia.
Family Organizational Basics, Leadership, Communication, Environment and Culture
Authors: Velez Candelario Sandra
Published: March 2024

Family as a socioeconomic organization have the responsibility to be effective and productive even in bad times like this pandemic era named COVID-19 virus. Families first goal is pursued happiness sharing affectivity within their human capital at home and without food, shelter, air and oxygen that is not possible. This paper is a scientific construction that include the explanation about the basic organizational needs that any organization needs to be productive and functional including the family. Family Organizational Basics: Leadership, Communication, Environment, and Culture, is the first academic document that introduce openly the organizational psychology to the family organization. These four areas according with the organizational and management theories should be functional to receive the best respond from the human capital that is managing in any organization. It is a scientific analysis about how the four areas of the organizational behavior works in the household setting and how those impact the daily lives of the family members increasing or decreasing their daily productivity. Keywords: leadership, communication, environment, culture, organizational, family
Real univariate polynomials with given signs of coefficients and simple real roots
Authors: Kostov V. P.
Published: March 2024

We continue the study of different aspects of Descartes' rule of signs and discuss the connectedness of the sets of real degree $d$ univariate monic polynomials (i.~e. with leading coefficient $1$) with given numbers $\ell ^+$ and $\ell ^-$ of positive and negative real roots and given signs of the coefficients; the real roots are supposed all simple and the coefficients all non-vanishing. That is, we consider the space $\mathcal{P}^d:=\{ P:=x^d+a_1x^{d-1}+\dots +a_d\}$, $a_j\in \mathbb{R}^*=\mathbb{R}\setminus \{ 0\}$, the corresponding sign patterns $\sigma=(\sigma_1,\sigma_2,\dots, \sigma_d)$, where $\sigma_j=$sign$(a_j)$, and the sets $\mathcal{P}^d_{\sigma ,(\ell ^+,\ell ^-)}\subset \mathcal{P}^d$ of polynomials with given triples $(\sigma ,(\ell ^+,\ell ^-))$.We prove that for degree $d\leq 5$, all such sets are connected or empty. Most of the connected sets are contractible, i.~e. able to be reduced to one of their points by continuous deformation. Empty are exactly the sets with $d=4$, $\sigma =(-,-,-,+)$, $\ell^+=0$, $\ell ^-=2$, with $d=5$, $\sigma =(-,-,-,-,+)$, $\ell^+=0$, $\ell ^-=3$, and the ones obtained from them under the $\mathbb{Z}_2\times \mathbb{Z}_2$-actiondefined on the set of degree $d$ monic polynomials by its two generators which are two commuting  involutions: $i_m\colon P(x)\mapsto (-1)^dP(-x)$ and $i_r\colon P(x)\mapsto x^dP(1/x)/P(0)$. We show that for arbitrary $d$, two following sets are contractible:1) the set of degree $d$ real monic polynomials having all coefficients positive and with exactly $n$ complex  conjugate pairs of roots ($2n\leq d$);2) for $1\leq s\leq d$, the set of real degree $d$ monic polynomials with exactly $n$ conjugate pairs ($2n\leq d$) whose first $s$ coefficients are positive and the next $d+1-s$ ones are negative.For any degree $d\geq 6$, we give an example of a set $\mathcal{P}^d_{\sigma ,(\ell^+,\ell^-)}$  having $\Lambda (d)$ connected compo\-nents, where $\Lambda (d)\rightarrow \infty$ as $d\rightarrow \infty$.
On optimization of cubature formulae for Sobolev classes of functions defined on star domains
Authors: Kovalenko O. V.
Published: March 2024

We find asymptotically optimal methods of recovery of the integration operator given values of the function at a finite number of points for a class of multivariate functions defined on a bounded star domain that have bounded in $L_p$ norm of their distributional gradient. Thus we generalize the known solution of this optimization problem in the case, when the domain of the functions is convex. Let $Q\subset \mathbb{R}^d$, $d\in\mathbb{N}$, be a nonempty bounded open set. By $W^{1,p}(Q)$, $p\in [1,\infty]$, we denote the Sobolev space of functions $f\colon Q\to \mathbb{R}$ such that $f$ and all their (distributional) partial derivatives of the first order belong to $L_p(Q)$. For $x=(x^1,\dots, x^d)\in \mathbb{R}^d$ and $q\in [1,\infty)$ we set$|x|_q:= \Big(\sum_{k=1}^d|x^k|^q\Big)^\frac {1}{q},$ $|x|_\infty:= \max\{|x^k|\colon k\in\{1,\ldots, d\}\}$, and $W^{\infty}_{p}(Q):=\{f\in W^{1,p}(Q)\colon \|\,|\nabla f|_1\,\|_{L_p(Q)}\leq 1\},$ where $\nabla f=(\frac{\partial f}{\partial x_1},\ldots,\frac{\partial f}{\partial x_d})$, $p\in[1,\infty]$. In particular we prove the following statement:  Let $d\geq 2$, $p\in(d,\infty]$ and $Q$ be a bounded star domain. Then$\displaystyle E_n\Big(W_{p}^{\infty}(Q)\Big)=c(d,p)\Big(\frac {\mathop{mes} Q}{2^d}\Big)^{\frac 1 d +\frac 1 {p'}}\cdot \frac{1+o(1)} {n^{\frac 1 d}}$ $(n\to\infty),$ where $E_n(X):=\inf\Big\{\inf\big\{ e(X,\Phi,x_1,\dots,x_n)\colon\, \Phi\colon\mathbb{R}^n\to\mathbb{R}\big\}\colon x_1,\dots,x_n\in Q\big\},$$e(X, \Phi, x_1,\dots,x_n):= \sup\Big\{\Big|\,\int\limits_{Q}f(x)dx - \Phi(f(x_1),\ldots,f(x_n))\Big|\colon f\in X\Big\}$for $X=W_{p}^{\infty}(Q)$, and $c(d,p)\in \mathbb{R}$ depends only on $d$ and $p$.
Almost periodic distributions and crystalline measures
Authors: Favorov S. Yu.
Published: March 2024

We study temperate distributions and measures with discrete support in Euclidean space and their Fourier transformswith special attention to almost periodic distributions. In particular, we prove that if distances between points of the support of a measure do not quickly approach 0 at infinity, then this measure is a Fourier quasicrystal (Theorem 1).

We also introduce a new class of almost periodicity of distributions,close to the previous one, and study its properties.Actually, we introduce the concept of s-almost periodicity of temperate distributions. We establish the conditions for a measure $\mu$ to be s-almost periodic (Theorem 2), a connection between s-almost periodicityand usual almost periodicity of distributions (Theorem 3). We also prove that the Fourier transform of an almost periodic distribution with locally finite support is a measure (Theorem 4),and prove a necessary and sufficient condition on a locally finite set $E$ for each measure with support on $E$ to have s-almost periodic Fourier transform (Theorem 5).
Detection of Bacteroides fragilis LuxR gene, involved in quorum sensing, among colitis patients in Mosul, Iraq
Authors: Sulaiman Aws Ibrahim , Saad Assala
Published: March 2024

Bacteroides fragilis is the most anaerobic bacteria that infect humans, particularly in the abdominal cavity. Its pathogenesis is linked to numerous virulence factors. Understanding these factors and exploring alternative options for the use of antibiotics in the treatment of this bacterium, molecular techniques offer several advantages over traditional culture techniques because they are easier and more specific. The present study aimed to  use specific primers for the 16sRNA and LuxR genes to identify B. fragilis. Genetic identification of the B. fragilis isolates was performed using the 16SrRNA gene, and the obtained sequences were submitted to National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) with accession numbers (OQ448827, OQ448828). Each strain was assigned a unique strain name, AS. AWB94 and AS. AWB79. From the total of all samples, it was found that the growth of various types of bacteria constituted ( 76%), and the samples that did not have growth formed (24%). It was noted that Bacteroidetes constituted only two isolates (2.7%), and these two isolates possessed the gene for quorum sensing (luxR gene), while the results confirmed that they do not possess the sialidase (nanH) enzyme gene. Both isolates possessed the quorum sensing gene (LuxR) out of one hundred samples. This suggests that the isolates have a quorum-sensing mechanism responsible for cell-to-cell communication, multidrug resistance, and biofilm formation.
Effect of chemical mutagen (Ethyl methane sulfonate) on Money plant (Epipremnum aureum)
Authors: More Shivani , Sahare Homraj
Published: March 2024

Epipremnum aureum, commonly known as pothos, is a hardy indoor foliage ornamental crop. Mutation breeding in Golden pothos is needed to meet the demand for more valuable and highly sought-after cultivars. The present  study aimed to exploit variability on various parameters viz. new leaf emergence, survival percentage, plant height, length and width of leaves. The experiment was set up using a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with 8 treatments and 3 replications. Rooted cuttings of Golden pothos were treated with varying concentrations of Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS) for 4 hours, and a control treatment was included. The results showed that all the treated cuttings with EMS delays the new leaf emergence period compared to the control. Compared to the control, the minimum number of new leaf emergences was found in EMS-treated plants. The maximum survival percentage (100%) was recorded in 0.1%, 0.5% and control treatment. The lowest plant height (15.3 cm ) was observed in treatment T4 (1.5 % EMS) treated plants. However, maximum plant height was observed in the control treatment at 150 days of interval. In comparison to the control, EMS decreased the length and width of leaves at higher dosages. The minimum leaf length and width, i.e. 2.40 cm and 1.20 cm, were recorded in plants treated with EMS at 2%, while maximum length and width were observed in control and low EMS-treated plants.   The  study showed that ethyl methane sulfonate affected plant development characteristics and showed some dwarfness of money plants.  This appears to be the first report of EMS treatment on pothos.
Dissecting the biochemical and hormonal changes of thidiazuron on defoliation of cotton CO17 (Gossypium hirsutum) to enhance mechanical harvest efficiency
Authors: Perumal Chandrasekaran , Subiramaniyan Ashok   , Natarajan Ashokkumar , Arumugam Rajeshkumar , Ramasamy Ajaykumar , Sivalingam Ramadass , Sivasubramanian Karpagavalli
Published: March 2024

Using chemical defoliants to remove cotton leaves represents a groundbreaking shift in cotton cultivation. The mechanization of cotton harvest is increasing, but a substantial amount of foliage that remains on the plant even at maturity is the major barrier for mechanical harvest. Properly completing mechanical and manual harvests requires artificial leaf detachment through defoliants. Still there is no proper defoliant concentration, application times and mechanism of action available. Therefore, the present study aimed to find an effective defoliant and application time to enhance mechanical harvest efficiency, along with a clear description of the mechanism of actions in cotton CO17 (Gossypium hirsutum). The field experiment was conducted during the year 2019-20 and used five concentrations of Thidiazuron defoliant (100, 150, 200, 250 and 300ppm) and Ethephon@0.5% (T2) in cotton variety CO17 to study the physiological, biochemical and hormonal responses at 120, 127 and 134 days after sowing. As a result, the concentrations of plant growth hormones, indole-3 acetic acid (4.9 fold), zeatin (32.7%) and gibberellic acid (7 fold) reduced. In contrast, abscisic acid (48.6%), jasmonic acid (34.9%), salicylic acid (2.15 fold) increased in the T7- Thidiazuron + Diuron (300 ppm) treatment followed by T5-Thidiazuron + Diuron (200 ppm). Additionally, the antioxidant enzymes ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, cellulase in leaves, petiole and bolls were decreased due to defoliant T5- Thidiazuron + Diuron (200 ppm) followed by T7-Thidiazuron + Diuron (300 ppm), indicating that the hormone concentration, antioxidative and hydrolytic enzymes are ruled out and forces the defoliation process.
Isolation and extraction of gallic acid from Hylocereus undatus and a biochemical and histological study on laboratory Wistar albino rats with induced rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Ibrahim Muthana Salahuddin , Baker Luma Abd Almunim
Published: March 2024

The herb Hylocereus undatus, which is rich in phytochemicals and thought to contain antioxidants comparable to those in its peel, has a lot of promise for use in the food field. The presented study aimed to study the protective effect of the aqueous extrac and the active compounds (gallic acid) isolated from the dragon fruit (H. undates) to lessen the impact of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) induced by Freund's Complete Adjuvant (CFA)) by studying some of the changes in biochemical and histochemical parameters. The Wistar albino rats (male)  were divided into four groups viz.,  Group I : A negative control group, dosed only with plain water orally, Group II : Induced for RA by CFA, a positive control group; Group III: dosed with aqueous extract of the fruit of H. undatus (kg/500 mg); and Group IV: dosed with gallic acid isolated from this fruit (kg/mg20). The results showed a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), platelet, interleukin 6 ( IL-6), and RF in rats treated with CFA and a significant decrease in Hb compared to the negative control group. There was a significant decrease of MDA, Platelet, IL-6, and RF in the groups treated with aqueous extract and a significant increase in Hb compared with the positive control group while there was a significant decrease in each of MDA, platelets, IL-6, and RF. Based on a histological analysis, the study group's liver and kidneys had smaller lesions and different abnormalities than the control . Thus, the fruit plant's gallic acid extracts were protective in reducing RA damage caused by CFA and improving kidney and liver tissue.
Assessing the air salinity on agro-physiological response of Brassica oleracea var. capitata and Brassica oleracea var. botrytis
Authors: Saparso  , Faozi Khavid , Putra Fajrin Pramana
Published: March 2024

Air salinity is one of the problems for horticulture production in coastal areas. Cabbage and Cauliflower are horticulture commodities that have the potential to develop in coastal areas. The present study aimed to examine the agro-physiological response of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) and cauliflower (B. oleracea var. botrytis) to different concentrations of air salinity. This research was a factorial experiment on polybags arranged according to a completely randomized block design with two factors. The first factor was the crop type, namely cabbage (Grand 22) and cauliflower (Larissa F1). The second factor was the concentration of air salinity, namely 0 dS. m-1, 6 dS. m-1, 12 dS. m-1, and 18 dS. m-1. The agro-physiological changes studied were crop yield, leaf chlorophyll content, stomata density, and proline content. A stress tolerance index was measured to determine the level of crop resistance to air salinity stress. The results explained that air salinity was not able to affect crop growth and yield, but it enabled to affect crops physiologically. The highest decrease in leaf chlorophyll content was at 18 dS. m-1 of 29.16% in the vegetative stage and 37.88% in the generative stage. There was an increase in proline accumulation of leaf (1,320.63%) when the air salinity was increased (18 dS. m-1). However, the accumulation of cabbage proline was lower than that of cauliflower. Based on the stress tolerance index, cabbage is included in the category of tolerant, while cauliflower is in the category of moderate tolerance to air salinity.
Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of Alternaria perpunctulata GVKNSV7 causing leaf spot disease on Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb : A first report in India
Authors: Gera Vinay Kumar , Kumar P.K. Ratna , Babu Y.T. Rajesh
Published: March 2024

Leaf spot disease caused by Alternaria perpunctulata (E.G. Simmons) poses a significant threat to Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb, commonly known as alligator weed and Ceylon Spinach, contributes to persistent weed proliferation in Indian paddy fields. This study focuses on the molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of the Alternaria perpunctulata strain GVKNSV7, which is responsible for leaf spot disease on A. philoxeroides. Diseased plant leaves were collected from Kakumanu Mandal, Guntur, and local vegetable markets of Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India, in December 2021, revealing symptomatic samples with pink to reddish spots on A. philoxeroides leaves. Employing a comprehensive approach that included morphological assessment, pathogenicity testing, and ITS region sequencing, the isolated fungus was conclusively identified as A. perpunctulata with a high sequence similarity of 98.54%. Molecular comparison with sequences in the NCBI database further validated this identification. The resulting genetic sequence, formally catalogued as "Alternaria perpunctulata GVKNSV7," with the GenBank accession number OQ073752, has been successfully submitted to the NCBI database. This study emphasized the utility of ITS sequencing and molecular analyses for accurately identifying and documenting emerging pathogens. Such documentation provides essential insights for developing future bioherbicides and effective weed management strategies. Furthermore, it highlights the potential use of A. philoxeroides as a leafy vegetable, contributing to food security and agricultural sustainability. Overall, this research contributes to understanding Alternaria perpunctulata and its implications for crop health and management practices.
Identification and characterizations of a few species of Fusarium infecting cucumber in greenhouse conditions
Authors: Hussein Ali Nasir , Al-Janabi Haider Jawad. K. , Al-Janabi Jawad K. Abood , Al-Shujairi Ali R. Shakir
Published: March 2024

One of the most problematic and devastating diseases affecting cucumber production is Fusarium wilt (Cucumis sativus L.). The present study aimed to characterize Fusarium species isolated from three different regions of cucumber fields in Babylon province, Iraq and identify them based on morphological features and phylogenetic analyses. This study showed the presence of Fusarium incarnatum, F. solani and F. oxysporum in cucumber roots. Fusarium species were phylogenetically analyzed based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. All Fusarium isolates were pathogenic to cucumber cultivars but varied significantly in their growth and pathogenicity toward cucumber seeds during the experiment.  F. solani-2 was greater in growth and pathogenicity than all other Fusarium species. In contrast, F. solani-1 was the lowest. The data obtained from morphological and molecular studies sufficiently supported each other, and the phylogenetic trees based on ITS were distinguished. Closely related species and distinctly separated all morphological taxa. These findings are reported for the first time for the cucumber plant in Babylon province. All these ITS sequences showed homologous to those of Fusarium species isolates in the GenBank database with a similarity percentage of 99%. To the best of present knowledge, this is the first molecular record of F. incarnatum on the cucumber plants in Iraq. The study concluded that F. incarnatum was reported for the first time in Iraq and worldwide as a causal agent of wilt disease in cucumber plants. The three species of Fusarium have different pathogenic abilities, highlighting their disease incidence, growth, and pathogenicity.
A comparative study of essential oil components of selected promising small cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton) landraces in Cardamom Hill Reserve (CHR) of South India
Authors: Paul Jaison , P. Balarama Swamy Yadav , K. Pradip Kumar , A.B. Rema Shree
Published: March 2024

Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton originated in the evergreen forests of the Western Ghats of South India. In order to compare the percentage of essential oil and its components of selected small cardamom landraces, the study was conducted at the Indian Cardamom Research Institute, Myladumpara, Idukki Dt. of Kerala. Essential oil components of nine farmer's varieties such as Njallani Green Gold, Thiruthali, Panikulangara Green Bold No.1, Wonder Cardamom, Elarajan, Arjun, Pappalu, PNS Vaigai, Pachaikkai; and ICRI-5 as control were compared to evaluate the quality of genotypes. Essential oil content was significantly higher in Najllani Green Gold (9.18%), followed by Wonder Cardamom (8.36%). GC-MS profiling identified twenty-five compounds contributing to 90-93% of essential oil. The higher percentage of 1,8-cineole was observed in PNS Vaigai (38.04%) and the control ICRI-5 (38.99%), while Panikulangara Green Bold No.1 had the lowest percentage (24.30%). α- terpinyl acetate was higher (43.39%) in Panikulangara Green Bold No.1 followed by Thiruthali (39.21%), and was lowest in ICRI-5 (35.97%). Panikulangara Green Bold 1 had a higher percentage of α-terpineol, Geranyl acetate, Geraniol and Linalyl acetate than other genotypes. The percentage of sabinene was higher in Njallani Green Gold (7.56%), and in the genotype, Elarajan (5.46%) was lowest. Due to the medicinal and flavour-contributing properties, the essential oil components can be used in medicinal and food industries.
Contribution to the optimization of citrus (Citrus clementina Hort. Ex Tanaka) fruit fertilization using mobile lysimetry in orchards of the Souss-Massa region, Morocco
Authors: Zayani Abdallah , Laasli Salah-Eddine , Lahlali Rachid , Bouchtaoui Fatima El , Alem Noureddine El
Published: March 2024

The growth and development of citrus trees and the quality of their fruits are significantly influenced by the essential role of mineral plant nutrition. This study aimed to improve the productivity of the citrus (Citrus clementina Hort. Ex Tanaka) orchards by optimizing mineral nutrition through well-monitored fertilization and fertigation aspects using lysimetry. The first phase consisted of studying the behavior of the nutrients in the soil solution at the high root concentration level, analysis of the nutritional status of five varieties of clementines (Sidi Aissa, Cadoux, Orogrande, Nules, and Nour), and the variation of leaf composition in major elements (Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and calcium) for the five varieties along phenological stages, through the exploitation of the results of analyses carried out for the management of mineral nutrition in 47 plots of citrus fruit in the Souss-Massa region with the use of lysimetry. The results obtained in this first part revealed an important variation of the nutrients in the soil solution (55.24%) in terms of water inputs, fertilizers, and edaphic conditions, as well as a large variation of foliar compositions (62.98%). The second phase, consisting of regular monitoring of the mineral nutrition dynamics targeting the “Nules” variety grafted on “Citrus macrophylla” affirmed the importance of the citrus fertilization approach for determining the availability, distribution, nutrient interactions in soil solution and plant response by regular leaf diagnostics. Thus, mobile lysimetry offered a powerful tool for achieving both productivity and sustainability in citrus fertilization programs.
Antioxidant potential and polyphenols analysis of medicinal herb Ocimum tenuiflorum (Shyama Tulsi)
Authors: Devi Raman , Monika Monika , Dua Anita , Gupta Sanjeev Kumar , Mittal Ashwani , Sharma Sanjay
Published: March 2024

Ocimum tenuiflorum considered the queen of herbs, is a clinically proven medicinal plant. O.tenuiflorum has two varients: Shyama Tulsi and Rama Tulsi. Yet, no clear record of polyphenols in Shyama Tulsi is available in the literature. So, the present study aimed to analyse the antioxidant potential and polyphenolic content of O.tenuiflorum (Shyama Tulsi). The leaves were procured from the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agriculture University (CCS HAU), Hisar, India and extracted with 50 % methanol (OtM) and sequentially fractionated with n-hexane (OtH), ethyl acetate (OtE) and n-butanol (OtB). Total phenolic and flavonoid content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu Colorimetric method; and the aluminum chloride using the Colorimetric method. The antioxidant potential was evaluated through DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2’-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant power) assay, using ascorbic acid as a positive control. The study revealed that total phenolic and flavonoid content were highest in methanol extract, i.e. 863.63±0.17 mg GAE/g, 310.16±0.25 mg QE /g, followed by n-butanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane. The antioxidant potential was highest in the n-butanol fraction compared to all other fractions. HR-LCMS profiling of OtB and OtE showed the presence of different polyphenols like 6-C-Galactosylluteolin, quercitrin, apigenin 4’-O-glucoside, caffeic acid, myricitrin, kaempferol and their derivatives. The presence of different polyphenols and the higher antioxidant activity of this medicinal herb make it an alternative source for treating various ailments and human health problems.
Antibiotic resistance genes in Bacteroides isolated from faeces of Philippine ducks, Anas luzonica and Anas platyrhynchos domesticus
Authors: Dela Rosa Christian Jordan O. , Rivera Windell L.
Published: March 2024

The problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has severely afflicted the livestock industry because antibiotics are indiscriminately used for treating infectious diseases and for nontherapeutic purposes. Unfortunately, compared with human AMR research, livestock AMR research is lagging. Thus, this study aimed to contribute to the dearth of knowledge regarding livestock AMR by detecting 10 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in Bacteroides isolated from duck faeces. The 10 ARGs were tetQ, linA, bexA, msrSA, mefA, nim, cfiA, cepA, cfxA, and ermF. In total, 32 isolates were grown, and their DNAs were extracted and subjected to polymerase chain reaction. All isolates were ARG-positive for 1–3 different genes. The ARG-positive genes were linA (21/32), mefA (20/32), and bexA (1/32). Of the 32 isolates, 25 (78%) contained 2–3 ARGs. Although all isolates were ARG-positive, AMR may not be that prevalent in the duck livestock industry because only a maximum of 3/10 ARGs were detected. This is possibly because the duck livestock industry is still a small-scale backyard industry; hence, the use of antibiotics in this industry is not that rampant. However, some reports have shown that Bacteroides exhibit extensive horizontal transfer of resistance and virulence genes. The prevalence of these genes may increase if the misuse of antibiotics in the duck industry is not addressed early.
Profiling of organosulfur compounds and amino acids in novel variety of Allium sativum (Hisar garlic 17) by HR-LCMS-QTOF
Authors: Monika Monika , Dua Anita , Kumar Sandeep , Sharma Sanjay , Gupta Sanjeev , Mittal Ashwani
Published: March 2024

Over the past few years, the biological properties of garlic have been utilized as an attractive natural alternative to many therapeutic drugs. The biological effects of garlic have been ascribed to organosulfur compounds, secondary metabolites derived from amino acids. The present study aimed to investigate the extracts of a novel garlic variety (Hisar garlic 17) after processing it as fresh, dry, heated, and aged in different solvents and then analyzed with highly sensitive and rapid technique i.e., High resolution liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer quadrupole time of flight (HR-LCMS-QTOF) Mass spectrometer to study the amino acids and organosulfur compounds. 47 amino acids and 11 organosulfur compounds were detected out of which 8 organosulfur compounds were found as secondary metabolites of amino acids. Among the 22 crucial α-amino acids, garlic extracts revealed the presence of 18 amino acids, either in their native state or associated with various complex compounds. The study reported major organosulfur compounds, including Alliin, S-allyl cysteine, S-methyl cysteine, N-gamma-Glutamyl-S-allylcysteine, and 2-Propenyl 1-(2- propenylsulfinyl)propyl disulfide. This study demonstrated that HG17 garlic is abundant in amino acids and organosulfur compounds, suggesting its potential utilization as a supplement in nutraceuticals.
Active compounds of Michelia champaca bark extract against Curvularia verruculosa fungi causing leaf spot disease in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Bawa I Gusti Agung Gede , Santi Sri Rahayu , Rita Wiwik Susanah , Suryanadi Olan , Indyan Gek
Published: March 2024

Curvularia verruculosa fungal causes leaf spot disease in rice plants. The bark extract of Michelia champaca could inhibit the growth of the fungi. The present research aimed to know the active compound responsible for antifungal activity. Extraction was done using the Maceration method, antifungal activity was measured using the Diffusion well method, and identification of active compounds was carried out using Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The methanol extract obtained had a yield of 18.7%. It showed strong activity against C. verruculosa with an inhibition zone until 30.01 mm. The fractionation results showed that n-hexane extract (HE) was the strongest inhibiting the growth of C. verruculosa (32.45 mm), followed by chloroform extract (CE) (29.20 mm), while n-butanol extract (BE) was not active. Separating active compounds from HE extract was made using Column chromatography (CC) method with silica gel as the stationary phase and the mixture of n-hexane-acetone (3:1) as the mobile phase. This separation resulted in 5 combined fractions; HE3 and HE5 extracts showed very strong activity against C. verruculosa, with a diameter of the inhibition zone of 26.73 and 33.46 mm, respectively; HE2 extract showed strong activity with a diameter of the inhibition zone of 15.21 mm, while HE1 and HE4 extracts did not show activity. Identification using GC-MS, especially the HE3 extract, revealed that the extract contained two compounds: tributyl acetyl citrate and terephthalic acid, dodecyl-2-ethylhexyl ester. The result indicated that the bark extract of M. champaca had the potential to be a botanical fungicide.
Cardiomiopatía cirrótica – ¿Realidad clínica o simple curiosidad académica? Revisión.
Authors: Ramos Hugo , Altieri Mario
Published: March 2024

La cirrosis avanzada puede provocar alteraciones miocárdicas que constituyen el síndrome de Cardiomiopatía Cirrótica definido como la disfunción cardíaca asociada con cirrosis hepática en ausencia de enfermedad cardíaca preexistente. Su prevalencia es variable de acuerdo a lo reportado por diferentes grupos de investigación debido a que puede mantenerse subclínica o latente hasta que la pone de manifiesto una situación de estrés como una cirugía, hemorragia, infección, trasplante hepático o shunt porto-sistémico intrahepático transyugular. El objetivo de esta revisión es discutir la definición, los fundamentos anátomo-patológicos, fisiopatología, manifestaciones clínicas, criterios de diagnóstico, importancia de los estudios con imágenes, relevancia clínica, tratamiento farmacológico y trasplante hepático.
Dengue en Argentina
Authors: Diaz Adrián
Published: March 2024

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