bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Grandparent donors in a living related renal transplant program
Authors: Nyberg Scott L. , Manivel J. Carlos , Cook Marie E. , Gillingham Kristen J. , Matas Arthur J. , Najarian John S.
Published: September 2024

Clinical renal transplantation is limited by the number of cadaver and living related donors. The use of kidneys from older donors and nonfirst‐degree relatives, including grandparents, has increased the supply of organs for transplantation. The purpose of this study was to assess donor and recipient outcomes after living related renal transplants between grandparent donors and grandchild recipients. Fifteen living related renal transplants using grandparent donors were performed at the University of Minnesota from 1971 to 1995. All medical records from donors and recipients were retrospectively reviewed. In addition, all grandparents or, in one case, a surviving family member were contacted to obtain current information on medical health and feedback about the donation process. A current serum creatinine (Cr) level was obtained from 14 donors and 15 recipients. Statistical calculations were performed using the SAS system. Eleven grandmothers and four grandfathers, 34‐70 yr old (mean, 55 yr) at the time of transplantation, donated a kidney to 15 grandchildren with end‐stage renal disease. There were no major surgical complications in either group. One donor died from unrelated causes; the other 14 donors are alive with stable renal function (1.3±0.3 mg/dL). Of 15 transplanted kidneys, 10 remain functional (Cr 1.3±0.7 mg/dL) with 2‐ and 5‐yr graft survival rates of 76% and 63%, respectively. Our results indicate that healthy grandparents provide an excellent population for living related kidney donation.
Influence of steroid withdrawal on proteinuria in renal allograft recipients
Authors: Ghandour Fadi Z. , Knauss Thomas C. , Mulligan David C. , Schulak James A. , Hricik Donald E.
Published: September 2024

The ratio of urine protein/urine creatinine in spot urine specimens was measured to determine the influence of steroid withdrawal and other clinical variables on urinary protein excretion in 135 primary renal transplant recipients, including 73 patients in whom steroid withdrawal was never attempted and 62 patients in whom steroid withdrawal was attempted at various times following transplantation. Both univariate and multivariate analyses showed that steroid withdrawal per se did not directly influence proteinuria. However, patients who renewed steroid therapy because of acute allograft rejection following attempted steroid withdrawal exhibited significantly more proteinuria than was encountered either in patients who remained steroid‐free or in those for whom steroid withdrawal was never attempted. This study suggests that steroid withdrawal itself does not lead to proteinuria, however, acute rejection following steroid withdrawal clearly accelerates urinary protein excretion that may be the harbinger of chronic allograft rejection.
Efficacy and side‐effects of cyclosporine dose monitoring with levels 6 h after the morning dose in heart transplant patients*
Authors: Cantarovich Marcelo , Besner Jean‐Guy , Fitchett David H. , Latter David A.
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study was to compare CsA dose monitoring with trough levels (T0) vs. levels obtained 6 h after the morning dose of CsA (T6), with respect to the incidence of acute rejection and renal dysfunction, and the cumulative dose, as well as the cost of CsA after heart transplantation. Twenty consecutive adult heart transplant patients receiving quadruple sequential immunosuppression were prospectively randomized into CsA monitoring with T0 (Group I) vs. T6 levels (Group II). Oral CsA was started at a dosage of 2 mg/kg/d, 1‐4 d after transplantation. The target range for either T0 or T6 was 150 to 250 ng/ml (enzyme multplied immunologic technique), respectively. The CsA dose was increased or decreased by 0.5–1 mg/kg/d if the measured level was outside of the target range. Throughout the follow‐up period (Group I, 11±2 months; Group II. 10±3 months), the incidence of acute rejection (ISHLT grade ≥ 2) was 50% in each group. The left ventricular ejection fraction and serum creatinine were similar in both groups at 1 month and at the end of the follow‐up. The maximal dose of CsA (mg/kg/d): 3.8±1 vs. 5±0.6 (P=0.002), the minimal dose: 2.2±0.7 vs. 3.4±0.8 (P=0.003), and the current dose: 2.6±0.6 vs. 3.5±1 (P=0.02), were lower in Group II, as well as the cumulative dose of CsA (mg): 61790±19754 vs. 88524±18082 (P=0.005), and its cost (CDN$): 3589±1116 vs. 5 106±1045 (P=0.005). In conclusion, CsA dose monitoring with T6 was associated with a 30% lower CsA dose and cost compared to T0, with the same effectiveness in the prevention of acute rejection, and similar cardiac and renal function.
Role of endomyocardial biopsy in the diagnosis of chronic rejection in human heart transplantation
Authors: Mindán F. J. Pardo , Panizo A. , Lozano M. D. , Herreros J. , Mejía S.
Published: September 2024

To assess the pathologic findings observed in the setting of posttransplant graft atherosclerosis, we have studied 18 endomyocardial biopsies (EMB) from 18 heart‐transplanted patients collected at the same time that a coronary angiography (CA) showed changes consistent with graft atherosclerosis. Twenty‐two EMB from patients with heart transplant with normal CA were used as controls. In spite of the small size of the sample, the number of acute rejection (AR) episodes correlated with the appearance of graft atherosclerosis (p<0.001). Heart biopsies in graft atherosclerosis showed myointimal proliferation, thickening and folding of the wall of precapillary arteries, myocyte hypertrophy, and interstitial and perivascular fibrosis. Type III and type IV collagen, laminin, and fibronectin were increased in areas of interstitial and perivascular fibrosis, as well as in the vessel's wall. Fibronectin accumulation was more evident in the subendothelium and inner media of affected vessels. These changes were never found all together in control biopsies. Even though the inespecificity of some of those findings, we conclude that chronic graft atherosclerosis in a heart transplant may be suspected by endomyocardial biopsy when most of these alterations are seen together, especially if small precapillary arteries are present in the specimen.
Orthotopic liver transplantation for adult‐onset Type II citrullinaemia
Authors: Kawamoto Shunji , Strong Russell W. , Kerlin Paul , Lynch Stephen V. , Steadman Charles , Kobayashi Keiko , Nakagawa Shiro , Matsunami Hidetoshi , Akatsu Takuhiko , Saheki Takeyori
Published: September 2024

Citrullinaemia is a rare autosomal recessive disorder due to a deficiency of argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS). While the clinical course of the adult onset form (Type II) is unpredictable, many patients undergo sudden deterioration with progressive cerebral oedema. Two patients with Type II citrullinaemia were referred for liver transplantation. One patient was successfully transplanted, and his plasma citrulline level decreased from 300 to 69 μmol/l (normal range 20‐60 μmol/l); Fisher's ratio increased to a normal range within 24 h of transplantation. The other patient died from cerebral oedema, despite optimal pharmacological measures, while awaiting a suitable donor organ. Dietary and pharmacological treatment is vital before liver transplantation. The level of serum arginine requires regulation, as it can rise secondary to citrullinaemia in Type II disease. An immunocytochemical study of the liver in both patients showed a clustered distribution of ASS which is associated with a dismal prognosis compared with patients who have a homogenous distribution. Distribution of ASS was normal in the transplanted liver.

Liver transplantation is effective therapy for adult‐onset Type II citrullinaemia. A clustered pattern of ASS distribution in a liver biopsy is a significant feature to activate early referral for liver transplantation.
Iliac reconstruction with arterial allograft during pancreas–kidney transplantation
Authors: Benedetti Enrico , Baraniewski Henry M. , Asolati Massimo , Pollak Raymond , Schuler James J.
Published: September 2024

An intraoperative dissection of the external iliac artery during pancreas transplantation was successfully repaired using the donor iliac artery allograft as a conduit between the internal iliac and distal external iliac artery. An angiogram performed 6 months after surgery showed a patent bypass without stricture or pseudoaneurysm. At 1 yr follow‐up after transplant the grafts are functioning well, and the affected extremity is normal. In immunosuppressed recipients of solid organ transplants, fresh arterial allografts may be successfully used for iliac artery reconstruction. Further study will be needed to determine the role of arterial allografts for lower extremity bypass surgery in immunosuppressed patients.
Epitopes on Rh Proteins
Authors: Scott Marion L. , Voak Douglas , Liu Wendy , Jones Jeffrey W. , Avent Neil D.
Published: September 2024

Analyses of the reactions of monoclonal anti‐D with Rh D variant red cells have shown that there are at least 24 different epitopes of the Rh D antigen. Similar studies Of Rh E variant red cells with monoclonal anti‐E indicate that there are at least 4 epitopes of the Rh E antigen. The relation of these serologically defined epitopes to the structure of the Rh proteins is reviewed. Most epitopes are discontinuous, with critical residues present in different loops of the proteins.
Expression of Red Cell Surface Antigens During Erythropoiesis
Authors: Daniels Geoff , Green Carole
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives:

We have analysed the appearance and disappearance of cell surface markers during crythropoiesis, in vitro.

Materials and Methods:

CD34+ haemopoietic progenitor cells were isolated from umbilical cord blood and cultured by three different methods, all in the presence of erythropoietin. The methods included two one‐stage techniques, one serum‐free, the other with serum present, and one scrum‐present two‐stage method.

Results:

The appearance of cell surface markers on the differentiating erythroid cells varied slightly from sample to sample, but differed more substantially between techniques, with the cells differentiating more rapidly in the culture media containing serum. The order of appearance of the markers, which was constant in the three methods, was as follows: glycophorin C. Kell, Rh‐associated glycoprotein. glycophorin A, band 3. Rh proteins, and glycophorin B.

Conclusion:

Cell surface antigens can be used as markers for mapping the progress of erythroid differentiation during erythropoiesis.
Antibodies to Factor VIII in Hemophilia A Patients
Authors: Brackmann Hans‐Hermann , Schwaab Rainer , Effenberger Wolfgang , Hess Lothar , Hanfland Peter , Oldenburg Johannes
Published: September 2024

Inhibitor development represents the main complication in the treatment of haemophilia A. The risk of inhibitor formation is in part genetically determined by the type of the underlying factor VIII gene lesion but environmental factors may also play an important role. Due to the lack of efficiency of factor VIII in these patients other therapeutic agents must be used for the treatment of bleedings, however, none is as effective as factor VIII in a non‐inhibitor patient. Therefore, the eridication of the inhibitor through immune tolerance therapy is the treatment of choice. Centralized national and international immune tolerance registries have collected the results and show cost effectiveness of this treatment.
Transmission of Parasites and Bacteria by Blood Components
Authors: Dodd Roger Y.
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives:

Although most attention has been paid to viral infections as a complication of transfusion, some parasitic infections are readily transmissible and generate a heavy burden of disease, particularly in the developing world. Additionally, bacterial infection as a result of transfusion is the most frequent serious outcome of transfusion in the developed world.

Materials and Methods:

Review of current literature and ongoing research studies.

Results:

Malaria and Chagas' disease continue to be a serious problem in endemic areas, but are also of concern as a result of their introduction into other regions. Means to control or detect bacterial contamination, particularly of platelet concentrates, are needed, but no simple, effective approach is available.

Conclusion:

Continued development and implementation of tests and of inactivation procedures will result in the eventual control of transfusion‐transmitted parasitic and bacterial discase.
Emerging Viruses in Blood Transfusion
Authors: Allain Jean‐Pierre
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives:

The development of new technologies leads to the discovery of new viruses. For each of these new infectious agents relevance to transfusion needs to be assessed.

Materials and Methods:

The questions to be answered are transmissibility by transfusion, pathogenicity, prevalence in blood donors, persistence and the availability of screening assays.

Results:

Since 1995, four new viruses have been identified and for three of them extensive studies have been carried out. GBV‐C/HGV and TTV were both initially thought to be related to post‐transfusion hepatitis but neither were proven to be in any way related to hepatitis and are still in search of a disease. HHV‐8 is a major factor in the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma and other tumours related to immunodeficiency. HHV‐8 transmission by organ transplantation but not by transfusion has been demonstrated. SEN‐V has been claimed as a potential cause of non‐A‐E hepatitis but no data has been published.

Conclusion:

To date, none of the emerging viruses have been proven relevant to transfusion.
A Rationale and Outline for a Training Program in Family Therapy*
Authors: Rosenbaum Ira S. , Serrano Alberto C.
Published: September 2024

An adequate training program in family therapy would have as it primary goal the development of competent practitioners. In our view, any operational definition of competency would necessarily make provision for a therapist whose command of technique allows him to relate to the limits and needs of the family with sufficient flexibility to convey respect for each member of the family. The competencies to be developed, the content of such a program, and the format in which the training seeks to maximize these goals are also being discussed.
Continuing Education: An Interprofessional Endeavor
Authors: Shalett John S.
Published: September 2024

This paper describes the AAMFT's entry into continuing education on a voluntary basis for its members, the organization's cooperation with other mental health professional groups, and mentions the strong role that consumer protection plays in encouraging continuing education for professional persons.
The Use of Telehealth for People With Disabilities: A Systematic Literature Review and Narrative Synthesis
Authors: Park Han Nah , Kang Gyeonga , Nam Hye Jin , Lee Sujin , Kim Bohye , Lee Haesun , Yoon Ju Young
Published: October 2024

Aims

To identify the use of telehealth for people with disabilities in community or primary care settings and to explore effective telehealth interventions for this group.

Design

Systematic literature review and narrative synthesis.

Data Sources

The literature search was conducted in January 2024 using five electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane library and PsycINFO.

Methods

The review followed the Tawfik's guideline and adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses guidelines for reporting. Out of 7363 retrieved articles, 1871 duplicates were removed, 5389 were excluded after title and abstract review, and 4 were excluded due to unavailable full text. One additional article was obtained through citation and hand searching. Thirteen studies were quality assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Quantitative data were narratively synthesised.

Results

Thirteen quantitative studies were selected including three quasi‐experimental studies and ten randomised controlled trials. The types of telehealth included telemonitoring, computerised intervention, virtual reality, telephone care, mHealth tools, decision support tools, digital storytelling and technology‐assisted language interventions. The most common type of disability was intellectual disability, and the most common telehealth provider was the digital device itself. Most studies used surveys as the data collection method and the interventions were mostly conducted individually. Computer‐based telehealth interventions demonstrated significant improvement in attention, health knowledge and psychological well‐being. Telephone, virtual reality and tablet interventions also had positive impacts on body weight, motor coordination and pragmatic language skills. Telemonitoring was also beneficial.

Conclusions

This systematic review examined the current state and effectiveness of telehealth interventions for people with disabilities. However, few intervention studies were found, and some studies were of poor quality. Continued interest and efforts from the government and researchers are needed targeting people with disabilities.

Impact

Results provide valuable insights for healthcare providers, policymakers and researchers. They raise awareness about the potential of telehealth to address healthcare disparities and improve access to care for people with disabilities.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution: Systematic review.
Experiences and Understanding of Well‐Being in Lung Transplant Recipients in China: A Phenomenological Qualitative Study
Authors: Song Liqin , Liu Chunqin , Zhou Ying , Ju Chunrong , Luo Qing , Cheng Jing , Huang Danxia , Chen Huifang , Chen Jiani , Tan Wenying , Hu Xinyang , Liu Yimeng , Smith Graeme D.
Published: September 2024

Aim

To explore lung transplant recipients' perceptions of well‐being when they are facing uncertain health outcomes, including identifying the factors to enhance well‐being.

Design

A qualitative descriptive study.

Methods

A purposive sample of 11 lung transplantation recipients who were hospitalised in the Department of Organ Transplantation of a tertiary university hospital was recruited in China. A descriptive qualitative study using thematic analysis of semistructured interviews. Themes were organised within a PERMA model. Colaizzi's qualitative analysis was used to analyse the data.

Results

Five major themes and 11 categories were generated: (1) mindset shift [optimism and hope and living in the moment]; (2) meaning in life [self‐care, priority change and value realisation]; (3) health benefits [improved health and behavioural changes]; (4) perceived support [support from family, the health care team and others]; (5) unmet support needs.

Conclusion

Lung transplant recipients could perceive well‐being from five aspects that caused significantly favourable transformation across a variety of aspects in patients' lives. These findings may support nursing staff when caring for this patient group, making them aware of multifaceted nature of well‐being. They could offer insight into potential pathways for the development of nurse‐led tailored interventions, based on specific elements of PERMA model.

Impact

This work adds to a growing body of knowledge about well‐being amongst lung transplant patients. These findings may support nursing staff when caring for this patient group, making them aware of multifaceted nature of well‐being and illustrating factors that promote positive well‐being in this group, based on specific elements of PERMA model.

Reporting Method

This study followed the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist.

Patient or Public Contribution

Two lung transplant recipients were involved in the early phases of this study. They helped in formulating the interview outline.
Gerotranscendence as a Life Perspective Among Nursing Home Residents: A Qualitative Study Into Positive Ageing While Dependent on 24/7 Care
Authors: Tip Merle , Braam Arjan , Van Der Vaart Wander
Published: September 2024

Aims

To examine whether and how older nursing home residents recognise characteristics of gerotranscendence, and to contribute to a critical and comprehensive view of gerotranscendence in this particular group.

Background

Gerotranscendence is a psychosocial, spiritual development theory within the field of positive ageing that represents: a shift in meta‐perspective, from a materialistic and rational vision to a cosmic and transcendent life perspective, followed by an increase in life satisfaction.

Design

A qualitative study using a narrative hermeneutical approach.

Methods

Participants were 20 residents of a nursing home in the Netherlands, aged 77 to 105 (mean age: 90). The semi‐structured interviews, conducted in April 2023, were based on Tornstam's 10‐item Gerotranscendence Scale. Special attention was paid to the technique of interviewing these frail, older adults, some of them diagnosed with dementia.

Findings

All respondents recognised several characteristics of gerotranscendence, or signs of it emerged from the research data. There is a larger middle group with respondents who call themselves ‘down‐to‐earth’. They mainly recognise the relational characteristics. Another group appears to be more contemplative and shows more affinity with the abstract, cosmic characteristics. They have developed a gerotranscendent wisdom: there is insight, contextualism and relativism, peace of mind, room for life's paradoxes, a high degree of (self‐)acceptance and an ability to ‘let go’. The data show considerable heterogeneity in thoughts, perspectives and degrees of gerotranscendence.

Discussion

Respondents found some questions difficult to answer, resulting in a critical assessment of how to understand the responses given. This puts pressure on data quality for this current study and for critical gerotranscendence research in general. Furthermore, interviewing older nursing home residents requires a custom setting and possibly a new interview methodology.

Reporting Method

This report adheres to the standards for reporting qualitative research (SRQR).

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Exploring Nurses' Behavioural Intention to Adopt AI Technology: The Perspectives of Social Influence, Perceived Job Stress and Human–Machine Trust
Authors: Chen Chin‐Hung , Lee Wan‐I
Published: September 2024

Aim

This study examines how social influence, human–machine trust and perceived job stress affect nurses' behavioural intentions towards AI‐assisted care technology adoption from a new perspective and framework. It also explores the interrelationships between different types of social influence and job stress dimensions to fill gaps in academic literature.

Design

A quantitative cross‐sectional study.

Methods

Five hospitals in Taiwan that had implemented AI solutions were selected using purposive sampling. The scales, adapted from relevant literature, were translated into Chinese and modified for context. Questionnaires were distributed to nurses via snowball sampling from May 15 to June 10, 2023. A total of 283 valid questionnaires were analysed using the partial least squares structural equation modelling method.

Results

Conformity, obedience and human–machine trust were positively correlated with behavioural intention, while compliance was negatively correlated. Perceived job stress did not significantly affect behavioural intention. Compliance was positively associated with all three job stress dimensions: job uncertainty, technophobia and time pressure, while obedience was correlated with job uncertainty.

Conclusion

Social influence and human–machine trust are critical factors in nurses' intentions to adopt AI technology. The lack of significant effects from perceived stress suggests that nurses' personal resources mitigate potential stress associated with AI implementation. The study reveals the complex dynamics regarding different types of social influence, human–machine trust and job stress in the context of AI adoption in healthcare.

Impact

This research extends beyond conventional technology acceptance models by incorporating perspectives on organisational internal stressors and AI‐related job stress. It offers insights into the coping mechanisms during the pre‐adaption AI process in nursing, highlighting the need for nuanced management approaches. The findings emphasise the importance of considering technological and psychosocial factors in successful AI implementation in healthcare settings.

Patient or Public Contribution

No Patient or Public Contribution.
Risk factors associated with clinically relevant pericardial effusion after primary cardiac implantable electronic device implantation
Authors: Zhou Yangzhi , Haxha Saranda , Halili Andrim , Philbert Berit T. , Nielsen Olav W. , Sajadieh Ahmad , Koeber Lars , Gislason Gunnar H. , Torp‐Pedersen Christian , Bang Casper N.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Pericardial effusion, a known complication to implantation of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED), may cause life‐threatening cardiac tamponade. Limited knowledge is available about risk factors for clinically relevant procedural pericardial effusion. The aim is to identify the patient‐ and procedure‐related risk factors associated with clinically relevant procedural pericardial effusion.

Method

A nationwide observational cohort study based on data on 55 121 patients from the Danish Pacemaker Register between 2000 and 2018. We defined a clinically relevant procedural pericardial effusion related to the implantation if it occurred within 90 days after the primary CIED‐procedure. Prespecified risk factors were analysed by multivariable logistic regression models to estimate the association with pericardial effusion.

Results

There were 115 (0.21%) patients diagnosed with clinically relevant procedural pericardial effusion, with a median age of 75 years and 38.3% were females. Of these, 80.9% lead to a subsequent pericardiocentesis procedure. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, an increased risk of clinically relevant pericardial effusion was associated with female sex (OR:1.49 [95%CI: 1.03–2.16]), heart failure (OR:1.54 [95%CI: 1.06–2.23]), previous cardiac surgery (OR:1.63 [95%CI: 1.05–2.55]), CRT‐device (OR:2.05 [95%CI: 1.23–3.41]), tertiary‐centres (OR:1.8 [95%CI: 1.18–2.73]), increased procedural volume per year (>1000) (OR:1.85 [95%CI: 1.03–3.30]), indication of device‐implantation (atrioventricular block) (OR:2.37 [95CI: 1.45–3.87]), and increasing number of leads implanted (two leads (OR:2.39 [95%CI: 1.43–4.00]), three leads (OR:4.77 [95%CI: 2.50–9.10])).

Conclusion

Clinically relevant procedural pericardial effusion is a rare complication after CIED‐implantation in Denmark. This study reveals important patient‐ and procedure‐related risk factors associated with clinically relevant procedural pericardial effusion.
IGFBP7 regulates cell proliferation and migration through JAK/STAT pathway in gastric cancer and is regulated by DNA and RNA methylation
Authors: Mo Weilie , Deng Lijian , Cheng Yun , Ge Sen , Wang Jin
Published: October 2024

New biomarkers for early diagnosis of gastric cancer (GC), the second leading cause of cancer‐related death, are urgently needed. IGFBP7, known to play various roles in multiple tumours, is complexly regulated across diverse cancer types, as evidenced by our pancancer analysis. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that IGFBP7 expression was related to patient prognosis, tumour clinicopathological characteristics, tumour stemness, microsatellite instability and immune cell infiltration, as well as the expression of oncogenes and immune checkpoints. GSEA links IGFBP7 to several cancer‐related pathways. IGFBP7 deficiency inhibited GC cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Furthermore, an in vivo nude mouse model revealed that IGFBP7 downregulation suppressed the tumorigenesis of GC cells. Western blotting analysis showed that the JAK1/2‐specific inhibitor ruxolitinib could rescue alterations induced by IGFBP7 overexpression in GC cells. Additionally, our bioinformatics analysis and in vitro assays suggested that IGFBP7 is regulated by DNA methylation at the genetic level and that the RNA m6A demethylase FTO modulates it at the posttranscriptional level. This study emphasizes the clinical relevance of IGFBP7 in GC and its influence on cell proliferation and migration via the JAK/STAT signalling pathway. This study also highlights the regulation of IGFBP7 in GC by DNA and m6A RNA methylation.
A Cross‐Sectional Study of Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease in Secondary Prevention for Patients With the Disease in China
Authors: Shen Qianqian , Wu Yiyuan , Zhou Ying , Yang Na , Yu Juping , Ouyang Xinping , He Pingping
Published: September 2024

Aims

To explore risk factors for Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) in secondary prevention for patients with the disease in China.

Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Methods

A two‐stage sampling method was used (stratified sampling and systematic sampling). Patients who met WHO diagnostic criteria for CHD, had the capacity to give informed consent and volunteered to participate were recruited from five districts in Hengyang city, Hunan province, China. Six instruments were used: A general socio‐demographic questionnaire, Coronary Heart Disease Self‐Management Scale, International Physical Activity Questionnaires, Chinese Eight‐Item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, Zung's Self‐Rating Anxiety Scale and Sexual Health Questionnaires. Participants completed the questionnaires in person or via telephone. Single‐factor correlation analysis, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were carried out.

Results

A total of 373 patients were recruited with a mean age of 66.25 years (standard deviation = 9.98). The mean score was 57.00 (14.23) for self‐management, 5.41 (1.82) for medication adherence, 53.61 (9.26) for anxiety, 8.66 (3.18) for sexual knowledge and 22.20 (9.68) for the need for sexual health education. The median was 1563.90 MET‐min/day for total energy consumption of physical activity. Self‐management, physical activity, medication adherence, anxiety and sexual health were significantly correlated with a range of demographic variables (age, gender, marital status, occupation, education levels, types of medical insurance, personal monthly income, living arrangements) and illness‐related variables (illness duration, number of hospital admissions, type of therapy, number of other chronic diseases, cardiac function grading and BMI).

Conclusion

This research has showed the risk factors related to self‐management skills, medication adherence, anxiety, physical activity, sexual knowledge and the need for sexual health education in secondary prevention for patients with CHD. Health professionals play an important role in helping patients reduce risk factors for CHD to minimise its reoccurrence and mortality.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Both hospital‐based and community‐based health professionals, especially nurses, have an important role to play in developing and implementing health promotion interventions to help patients with CHD reduce risk factors for the disease and thus reduce mortality.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient contribution. Community nursing staff contributed to the design of the general socio‐demographic questionnaire for this study.

Reporting Method

The STROBE checklist was used to ensure comprehensive reporting (Appendix S1).
Comparative Diagnostic Accuracy of Nursing Delirium Screening Scale Versus Confusion Assessment Method for Postoperative Delirium: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Lin Chia‐Jou , Fick Donna Marie , Traynor Victoria , Chen Yi‐Chen , Hsiang Hui‐Fen , Chiu Hsiao‐Yean
Published: September 2024

Aims

To synthesise the evidence on and to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the Nu‐DESC and CAM in detecting postoperative delirium among hospitalised patients.

Design

Systematic review and diagnostic meta‐analysis.

Data Sources

The PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses A&I, and PsycINFO databases were systematically searched from their inception to February 10, 2023.

Results

In total, 10 (n = 1950) and seven (n = 830) reports were included for the Nu‐DESC and CAM, respectively. For Nu‐DESC and CAM, the pooled sensitivities were 0.69 and 0.65, respectively, while the summary specificities were 0.99 for Nu‐DESC and 0.92 for CAM. The pooled specificity differed significantly between the two tools (p < 0.001), despite comparable pooled sensitivities. The duration of stay in the intensive care unit significantly moderated the summary specificity of Nu‐DESC (B = −0.0003, p = 0.009). Regarding CAM, the percentage of female participants showed a positive correlation with its pooled sensitivity (B = 0.005, p = 0.02). Furthermore, studies where clinical specialists served as assessors demonstrated a higher summary sensitivity than those assessed by nurses (0.87 vs. 0.25, p = 0.01).

Conclusion

The sensitivities of the Nu‐DESC and CAM for detecting postoperative delirium did not achieve optimal levels. Therefore, developing more accurate tools to detect postoperative delirium by integrating features from related risk factors or incorporating technology‐based algorithms to enhance the screening capability is warranted.

Reporting Method

The study has adhered to PRISMA‐DTA guideline.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.

Trial Registration

The study protocol has been registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023398961)
Amazon deforestation and CO2 emissions: A macroeconomic approach using the GVAR
Authors: Attílio Luccas Assis
Published: October 2024

We analyzed the relationship between economic variables, Amazon deforestation, and CO2 emissions in Brazil. We used a macroeconomic approach of a system of open economies (global vector autoregressive [GVAR]). We constructed the international economy using 34 countries, representing 77% of the world GDP and 80% of world CO2 emissions. GVAR allows us to simulate the world economy, capture spillover effects, incorporate the externality of gas emissions, treating Brazil as a small open economy, and including trade integration in the analysis. We found that domestic and external shocks affect Amazon deforestation and CO2 emissions; the principal external shock is the Chinese one, followed by the European and the US shocks. China, directly and indirectly, affects CO2 emissions and deforestation in Brazil through two channels (exchange rates and policy rates). The estimates showed that Brazilian currency and commodity prices are relevant for deforestation, while industrial production is for gas emissions. Other results are that (i) the Brazilian economy affects CO2 emissions in Latin America (and the principal influence of China is on Asia), and (ii) the Chinese shock loses importance when using bilateral trade in 1999–2001, when China was not a fundamental trade partner of Brazil. Alternative model configurations demonstrate that soybean prices and Argentina influence Brazilian carbon emissions and Amazon deforestation. Specifically, soybean prices emerge as a major driver of carbon emissions. These results suggest that geography and trade integration matter to understanding Amazon deforestation and CO2 emissions. Our estimates highlight the importance of government policies and international cooperation in curbing Amazon deforestation.
Polymorphism of Avr Genes in Russian Populations of Phytophthora infestans
Authors: Chizhik Vera K. , Kuznetsova Maria A. , Rogozina Elena V. , Martynov Viktor V.
Published: September 2024

The oomycete Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary is a causative agent of the most harmful potato disease, late blight. The pathogenicity of P. infestans is associated with (a)virulence genes (Avr genes). Changes in the composition and nucleotide sequence of these genes lead to the emergence of new races of the pathogen, which affect potato varieties previously considered resistant. Therefore, to successfully combat late blight, it is important to study polymorphisms in Avr genes in populations of this pathogen. We conducted a large‐scale molecular and phytopathological study of P. infestans strains collected in European Russia. In this study, polymorphisms of 11 Avr genes were analysed using SSCP analysis and sequencing. The genes included Avr1, Avr2, Avr2‐like, Avr3a, Avr3b, Avr4, Avr8, Avr‐Smira1, Avr‐blb1, Avr‐blb2 and Avr‐vnt1. As a result, the allelic composition of Avr genes was studied and new alleles unique to Russia were identified in Russian populations of P. infestans for all studied Avr genes, with the exception of Avr4 and Avr8. The vast majority of the Avr1, Avr2‐like, Avr3a, Avr4, Avr‐vnt1 and Avr‐Smira1 gene sequences correspond to known virulence variants of these genes that avoid recognition by the corresponding potato resistance genes. The Avr‐blb2 gene was represented by approximately equal amounts of virulent and avirulent variants. Predominantly avirulent variants were found for the Avr‐blb1 gene. The Avr2, Avr3b and Avr8 genes were represented only by avirulent variants. Summarising the results of our study, we can conclude that the populations of the European territory of Russia differ from the populations of Europe and the USA in the allelic composition of virulence genes. We failed to detect a dominant clonal lineage in the territory of Russia, and the Russian population of P. infestans is highly diverse.
Lactobacilli‐Based Pro and Postbiotic Efficacy Are Also Influenced by Other Factors Than Dietary Challenging Conditions
Authors: Jansseune Samuel C. G. , Lammers Aart , van Baal Jürgen , Blanc Fany , Calenge Fanny , Pinard‐van der Laan Marie‐Hélène , Hendriks Wouter H.
Published: September 2024

The present study aimed to confirm the previously reported ‘recovery’ effect to a challenging diet (CD) of a Lactobacilli‐based probiotic (Pro) and its derived postbiotic (Post) in broilers. Identical diet compositions were used, and observations were extended to a second CD diet. A completely randomised block design of 2 × 3 treatment groups with two CDs and three additive conditions (Control, Pro, Post) was used. One additional group received a standard diet (SD). The study involved 1600 one‐day‐old Ross 308 male broilers. All diets, fed from d1 to 35, were formulated to contain identical nutrients levels, with CDs formulated to be greater than SD in nonstarch polysaccharides using rye and barley (Rye CD) or dry distiller grains with soluble, sunflower and rapeseed meal (DDGS CD). Growth performance parameters, footpad lesions (FPL) score and plasma Ca, P and uric acid concentrations were measured. Compared to SD, birds fed Rye CD and DDGS CD had a higher 1–35 days feed conversion ratio (+3.4 and +4.1%, respectively), due to a higher feed intake for Rye CD (+2.9%) and a lower body weight for DDGS CD (−4.1%). An effect of additive was restricted to Rye CD where Post depressed BW at d28 and d35 (−3.7 and −2.4%, respectively). Compared to Rye CD, DDGS CD lowered plasma Ca/P at d21 (−9.0%) and d35 (−8.1%) and uric acid at d21 (−26%). Pro increased plasma Ca in Rye CD at d21 (+12%) and Post decreased plasma uric acid in DDGS CD at d35 (−25%). All other plasma parameters were not affected. The previously observed recovery effect of a commercial probiotic and postbiotic were not reproducible under highly similar growth conditions, which suggests that both may have specific physiological effects which are only expressed under specific circumstances.
Detection and Analysis of Florfenicol Residues and Metabolites in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Tissues Post‐Oral Administration in Tropical Waters
Authors: Queiroga Anna Paula R. , Souza Gabriela F. P. , Paschoal Jonas Augusto R. , Salles Airton Gonçalves , Schloter Michael , Assane Inácio Mateus , Pilarski Fabiana , Gotardo André Tadeu , Górniak Silvana Lima , Rath Susanne
Published: September 2024

Water temperature is a critical environmental parameter that significantly influences fish metabolism. This study assessed the metabolism of florfenicol (FF) in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at water temperatures typical of tropical and subtropical regions. Fish were treated with FF by oral administration of a dose of 10 mg kg−1 bw for 10 consecutive days. Fish fillet, liver, and kidney were sampled during the treatment phase (1, 5, and 10 days) and posttreatment (1, 2, 3, and 5 days after the last FF administration). FF, florfenicol amine (FFA), monochloro florfenicol (FFCl), and florfenicol alcohol (FFOH) were determined in the sampled tissues using a validated LC–LC–MS/MS method. The highest FF, FFA, and FFOH concentrations were determined on day 5 during the treatment phase. For FF, the concentration order is kidney > liver > fillet, while for the metabolites FFOH and FFA, the order is liver > kidney > fillet. In fillet and liver, the concentrations of FFOH were higher than the FFA concentrations, indicating that FFOH was the primary metabolite in these tissues. FFCl was only quantified at concentrations lower than 90 μg kg−1 in all tissues. The results indicated that FF can be readily absorbed and rapidly eliminated in tilapia cultivated in warm water environments. This study revealed FFOH as the primary and most persistent metabolite in tilapia farmed in warm water, followed by FFA.
Challenges and Strategies for Acquiring Adjectives
Authors: Syrett Kristen
Published: September 2024

Children acquiring language must learn a variety of words mapping on to different kinds of concepts. Typically, word learning accounts focus on how children strategically acquire words for entities (nouns) and events (verbs). Often underrepresented are word for properties (adjectives). While adjectives, like verbs, may trail behind many nouns in early production, and may not always be required to refer or express truth‐conditional meaning, they are essential for distinguishing among entities and events in the world, and communicating clearly in disciplines such as language arts and science. Moreover, nearly every language has the grammatical category of adjectives. It is therefore critical to know what challenges children face in acquiring adjectives, and what supports their acquisition. Here, I outline three main aspects that, together, render the process of learning adjectives both vexing and linguistically intriguing. First, there is cross‐linguistic variation in how languages around the world treat words for properties. Second, the syntactic position of adjectives varies across and within languages, and is often correlated with subtle differences in meaning. Third, within the category of adjectives, a wide range of meanings may be encoded. I review findings across these areas that document children's successes and challenges with these aspects of adjective distribution and meaning. To counter these challenges, I end by covering three effective and empirically documented strategies for adjective learning, which rely on attending to key information in both the linguistic and extralinguistic context. I close with a brief discussion of prospects for future research on this topic.
The impact of wealth inequality on inflation and unfair competition among consumers
Authors: Daşdemir Esat
Published: September 2024

This study examines unfair competition among consumers according to wealth groups. The study hypothesizes that consumer groups with high income and wealth levels have a competitive advantage over consumer groups with low income and wealth levels, and therefore wealth inequality may create upward pressure on prices. Data from 37 Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development member countries covering 2000–2022 were used in the analysis. According to the results of the analysis, increases in the wealth of high‐wealth groups increase the inflation rate more severely.
Complications associated with intra‐aortic balloon pump treatment in critically ill patients: A systematic review
Authors: Motia Ngoe , Marko Vasilika , Karlsen Marte‐Marie Wallander
Published: September 2024

Background

In recent decades, intra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP) technology has made significant progress (sheathless insertion technique, different balloon diameters, percutaneous technique and fibre optic IABP) in reducing complications and increasing patient support. Nonetheless, IABP‐related complications are still frequent and are associated with a poor prognosis.

Aim

The aim of this systematic review was to identify complications associated with IABP treatment in critically ill patients with a compromised cardiac function.

Study Design

A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines based on searches in CINAHL (EBSCO), Medline and Embase (Ovid) from January 2012 to April 2023. Quantitative studies were included if they reported as their primary outcome(s) complications of IABP in adult patients because of cardiovascular conditions and were published in English, Norwegian, Swedish or Danish. Study selection, methodological quality assessment and data extraction were performed independently by two authors. The results were synthesized narratively.

Results

A total of nine studies were included in the review, most of which were retrospective (eight of nine). Bleeding was the most frequently occurring complication, followed by limb ischaemia, stroke, infection, IABP malfunction, haematoma and other vascular complications. In addition, a correlation between IABP duration and vascular complications was found in three out of nine studies. Lastly, the incidence rate of stroke was higher in patients with axillary IABP than in those with femoral IABP.

Conclusions

This systematic review revealed that bleeding and limb ischaemia were the two most frequent complications associated with IABP therapy. We identified a correlation between (a) IABP support time and the development of vascular complications and (b) stroke and implantation of IABP catheter in the axillary artery. Further studies are needed to explore these findings directly.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Increasing critical care nurses' knowledge regarding complications related to IABP support could lead to early identification, potentially lowering the incidence rate of complications.
The underlying architecture of musical sensibility: One general factor, four subdimensions, and strong genetic effects
Authors: Hansen Heidi Marie Umbach , Røysamb Espen , Vassend Olav Mandt , Czajkowski Nikolai Olavi , Endestad Tor , Danielsen Anne , Laeng Bruno
Published: September 2024

Current evidence suggests moderate heritability of music phenotypes, such as music listening and achievement. However, other fundamental traits underlying people's interest in music and its relevance for their lives have been largely neglected, and little is known about the genetic and environmental etiology of what we refer to as musical sensibility—the tendency to be emotionally and aesthetically engaged by music. This study investigated the latent structure, as well as the genetic and environmental factors influencing individual variability in multiple domains of musical sensibility, and the etiological architecture of the relationship between the dimensions. To this end, we used phenotypic confirmatory factor analytic and biometric twin modeling to analyze self‐reported ratings on four dimensions of musical sensibility in a sample of Norwegian twins (N = 2600). The results indicate a phenotypic higher‐order structure, whereby both the resulting general musical sensibility factor and the conceptually narrower domains were strongly heritable (49–65%). Multivariate analyses of the genetic and environmental covariance further revealed substantial overlap in genetic variance across domains.