bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding the funding characteristics of research impact: A proof-of-concept study linking REF 2014 impact case studies with Researchfish grant agreements
Authors: Reddick Gavin , Malkov Dmitry , Sherbon Beverley , Grant Jonathan
Published: December 2021

Background: All parts of the research community have an interest in understanding research impact whether that is around the pathways to impact, processes around impact, methods for measurement, describing impact and so on. This proof of concept study explored the relationship between research funding and research impact using the case studies submitted to the UK Research Excellence Framework (REF) exercise in 2014 as a proxy for impact.

Methods: The paper describes an approach to link the REF impact case studies with the underpinning research grants present in the Researchfish dataset, primarily using the publications captured in both datasets. Where possible the methodology utilised unique identifiers such as Digital Object Identifiers and PubMed ID’s, and where this was not possible the funding information within each publication was used.

Results: Through this automated approach 21% of the non-redacted case studies could be linked to a specific research grant. Additional qualitative analysis was then done for unlinked REF impact case studies, which involved reading the document to identify additional information to make the linkage. This approach was taken on 100 REF impact case studies selected at random and resulted in only seven having no identifiable research grants funding associated. The linked research grants were analysed to identify characteristics that are more frequently associated with these grants, than non-linked ones.

Conclusions: This analysis did point to some interesting observations such as the grant funding linked to REF impact case studies are more likely to be longer, higher financial value, have more publications and be more collaborative (amongst other characteristics). These findings should be used with caution at present and not be over interpreted, this is due to the sample size for this proof of concept study and some potential limitations on the data which were not addressed at this stage.
Methodological Approaches to Measurement of Carbon-14 for Control of its Radiation Impact on the Personnel and the Public
Authors: Klochkov V. , Kuznetsova L. , Eremina N. , Kabanov D. , Maksimov A , Berezin S. , Androsova A , Klochkova E. , Surin P. , Velichko V.
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Analysis of the current regulatory and methodological framework on control of doses from intake of 14C for the personnel and the public living in the control area of the nuclear power plant (NPP). Identifying the most informative methods of controlling radiation impact of 14C on a human being. Material and methods: Research literature on radiation impact of naturally occurring 14C; 14C entering the environment as a result of nuclear weapon tests; and 14C entering workplaces and the control area of NPP has been reviewed. Dose coefficients and other radiation characteristics of 14C provided in IAEA, ICRP and UNSCEAR publications have been summarized. Results: According to UNSCEAR, annual radiation burden caused by global 14C is the highest one (about 80 %) among radiation burdens associated with four critical naturally occurring cosmogenic radionuclides: 3H (0.01 µSv/year), 7Be (3.0 µSv/year), 14C (12 µSv/year) and 24Na (0.2µSv/year). The main way of 14C intake is the alimentary one when this isotope enters the human body with food. Dose from this kind of intake of global 14C can reach 40 µSv. The annual dose caused by aerogenic (inhalation) way of intake of global 14C does not exceed 1 µSv. The most informative methods of dose assessment for the personnel of NPP and the public living in the control area involve measurement of content of 14C in top soil, vegetation and food products. Conclusions: Significant amount of 14C enters the environment within the control area during operation of NPP, which causes the public radiation dose exceeding the dose from global 14C. The most informative objects characterizing content of technogenic 14C in the control area of NPP are top soil (humus) and vegetation. The liquid scintillation spectrometry involves sample preparation by burning of samples in oxygen with capturing of generated carbon dioxide and its transfer into organic solvent. This is the most technologically viable method for mass control of 14C content in samples of top soil and vegetation.
Comparative Analysis of Paired Correlations Structure Between Psychological Scales in Relation to Groups of Different Sizes
Authors: Kosenkov A.
Published: December 2021

Purpose: To propose a procedure for comparative analysis of correlation relationships structure between psychological scales in samples of different sizes.

Material and methods: A procedure of comparative analysis of correlation relationships structure between psychological indicators in groups of different sizes based on the «zet» method of R. Fisher is proposed. To illustrate the method, data from psychodiagnostic surveys of the nuclear power plant (NPP) personnel who worked in normal conditions and the personnel of the Chernobyl NPP at four different stages of aftermath activities in 1986–1987 were used. All the subjects performed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI); the results of each of the groups were subjected to a correlation analysis using the Pearson method. The analysis took into account average (0.5 ≤ r < 0.7) and strong (r ≥ 0.7) correlations.

Results: Using the example of a number of psychodiagnostic examinations of the Chernobyl NPP personnel at various stages of aftermath activities, it is shown that the structure of correlation relationships between the MMPI scales can reflect the peculiarities of mental adaptation of professional teams working in regular and extreme conditions.

It was shown that in the aftermath process by March–April 1987, the number of medium and strong pairwise Pearson correlations between the clinical MMPI scales increased. This fact apparently indicates that during this period, the NPP personnel were characterized by the simultaneous activation of various mechanisms of intrapsychic adaptation. The core of the correlation pleiad consisted of scales 1, 2, 7, and 8. Such a multidirectional reaction to the aftermath stressors was accompanied by a statistically significant increase in almost all clinical scales (except scale 6) of the average MMPI profile in comparison with the control group. The absence of stable correlations of clinical scales with the F scale indicates that the marked increase in the MMPI profile was not associated with a tendency to aggravation.

By the period of November–December 1987, the hypochondria scale occupied a leading place in the correlation pleiad of the MMPI indicators of the Chernobyl NPP personnel, the number of its significant connections with other clinical scales (2, 3, 7 and 8) reached four. Apparently, the mechanism of anxiety somatization at that time could be considered as a syndrome-forming factor and taken into account when planning rehabilitation and health measures.

Conclusion: The use of the proposed method of the strength standardization of pairwise correlation relationships between the MMPI scales allowed us to legitimately compare these indicators in groups that differ significantly in number. The chosen representation form of correlations facilitates the analysis of their structure.
Conducting Studies of the Am-241 Radionuclide Incorporated into the Human Body Using a Wound Detector
Authors: Yatsenko V. , Avetisov G. , Vzorov D. , Burtsev S. , Yatsenko O. , Leonov E.
Published: December 2021

Purpose: to develop a method for experimental study of the distribution of radionuclide 241Am in human organs and tissues during wound admission to clarify the process of formation of doses of alpha radiation.

Material and methods: in clinical practice of Burnazyan FMBC of the FMBA of Russia To improve the method of determination, an experiment was performed to determine the depth of radionuclide on pigskin with the location of 241Am point sources behind different thicknesses.

Results: the used methods of measurement, tested on pigskin, allowed to obtain the dependence of the localization depth of radionuclide 241Am on the measured on the surface of the tissue ratios of photons with different energies.

Conclusion: Set the ratio of photons with different energies on the thickness of the barrier (depth), and proven methodology allow you to go directly to the planning of experimental studies on the barrier effect created in the bone material, and including a radionuclide, the formation of doses of alpha radiation on the bone marrow.
A citizen-soldier of the Roman Republic. Beyond the literary creation
Authors: Faszcza Michał Norbert
Published: December 2021

The main aim of the article is to draw attention to the distortion of Republican Roman soldiers’ image. Some modern scholars treat the ‘ideal type’ as a reflection of reality and attribute to legionaries the features desired by representatives of the social elite. Meanwhile, it seems that less wealthy citizens created their own vision of the qualities that a Roman soldier should have. This leads to the question of whether the officers and their subordinates had the same understanding of obedience and discipline
Jakość kształcenia na studiach historycznych w Polsce – rekrutacja i proces dyplomowania.
Authors: Dolański Dariusz , Janiak-Jasińska Agnieszka
Published: December 2021

Abstrakt:: W latach 2016–2019 Polska Komisja Akredytacyjna dokonała oceny jakości kształcenia na kilkunastu uniwersytetach Polski. Artykuł podsumowuje wnioski z tych ocen w odniesieniu do sposobów weryfikacji wstępnych kompetencji kandydatów na studia historyczne oraz wymagań dotyczących prac dyplomowych związanych z ukończeniem studiów. Abstract: Between 2016–2019, the Polish Accreditation Committee assessed the quality of education at several Polish universities. This article summarises the conclusions of these assessments with regard to the methods used to check the initial level of candidates for historical studies and the requirements for diploma theses related to graduation.
O de-orientalizacji „spojrzenia”. Sztuka wizualna jako przestrzeń debaty nad problematyką płci w regionie Mena
Authors: Rak Karolina
Published: December 2021

On the De-Orientation of the „Gaze". Visual Art as a Space for Gender Debate in the Mena Region
Contesting the problematic perception of femininity within the Middle East and North Africa through the medium of art is not only a result of questioning the traditions of one’s own culture, but is strongly connected to the issue of the „imagery of the Orient” and the Western gaze, especially visible throughout the colonial era in the region. This text is an invitation to undertake a visual exercise with the artists, leading to a process of de-orientalising the symbolism of the body in art practices.
MPL-Positive Essential Thrombocytosis Presenting as Budd-Chiari Syndrome in a Middle-Aged Woman with an Initially Normal Platelet Count
Authors: Ammad Ud Din Mohammad , Liaqat Hania , Osama Muhammad
Published: December 2021

Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) results from an occlusion of the hepatic venous flow which in turn leads to portal hypertension causing ascites and other signs of liver dysfunction. Here, we present the case of a 43-year-old woman with recurrent ascites who was found to have BCS secondary to an inferior vena cava thrombosis extending into the hepatic veins. Although she had a normal platelet count on admission, additional laboratory investigations revealed an MPL mutation. She was discharged on anticoagulation with apixaban and later found to have thrombocytosis on repeat blood work, confirming the diagnosis of essential thrombocytosis, following which she was started on myelosuppressive therapy with hydroxyurea.
Limitations due to residual interference in a fiber-based optical frequency reference at 1.55  µm
Authors: Manamanni Karim , Steshchenko Tatiana , Wiotte Fabrice , Le Targat Rodolphe , Abgrall Michel , Lopez Olivier , Cantin Etienne , Pottie Paul-Éric , Amy-Klein Anne , Roncin Vincent , Du-Burck Frédéric
Published: December 2021

We present an experimental investigation of the stability limits specific to optical frequency standards using fiber optic architecture and semiconductor lasers. A compact setup composed of a semiconductor laser frequency-locked onto an acetylene transition detected in saturated absorption has been implemented using only fiber optic components. Fiber optic technology allows compact and reliable solutions for various applications. However, for high sensitivity and stability applications such as metrology, residual reflections induced by optical index inhomogeneities in connectors and fiber-coupled components leading to spurious interference significantly limit performance. We have examined the origin of the interference fringes superimposed on the detected signal and the limitations they cause to the frequency stability of the reference. The effects of temperature and beam power fluctuations are also examined. Our results show that the frequency stability is limited in the

10

−
13

range by the effect of interference fringes due to use of fiber components.
Fast-running beamforming algorithm for optical phased array beam scanners comprised of polymeric waveguide devices
Authors: Jin Jinung , Lee Eun-Su , Chun Kwon-Wook , Lee Sang-Shin , Oh Min-Cheol
Published: December 2021

The phase error imposed in optical phased arrays (OPAs) for beam scanning LiDAR is unavoidable due to minute dimensional fluctuations that occur during the waveguide manufacturing process. To compensate for the phase error, in this study, a fast-running beamforming algorithm is developed based on the rotating element vector method. The proposed algorithm is highly suitable for OPA devices comprised of polymer waveguides, where thermal crosstalk between phase modulators is suppressed effectively, allowing for each phase modulator to be controlled independently. The beamforming speed is determined by the number of phase adjustments. Hence, by using the least square approximation for a 32-channel polymer waveguide OPA device the number of phase adjustments needed to complete beamforming was reduced and the beamforming time was shortened to 16 seconds.
Generation of multi-focus abruptly autofocusing beams with adjustable focus characteristics
Authors: Wu Menglin , Lin Shuqing , Chen Yujie
Published: December 2021

This work introduces and demonstrates a method for tailoring multi-focus abruptly autofocusing beams (MFAABs) in free space. Since MFAABs are formed by superposing the wavefronts of abruptly autofocusing beams (AABs), the number, positions, and relative intensity of foci are directly and independently adjusted during the pre-design of AABs. Also, we show that the size of the light field involves the characteristics of focus, such as peak intensity, focal size, and subsequent oscillations. We apply the double-phase hologram method to generate the required complex field with a phase-only spatial light modulator in experiments. With flexible control on foci characteristics, this work may broaden potential applications of autofocusing beams.
Design, fabrication, and characterization of a low-index center and trench-assisted 7-ring-core 5-mode-group fiber for dense space-division multiplexing
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Lu Quanchao , Tu Jiajing , Xiao Qinghua , Shen Lei , Lan Xiaobo , Li Zhaohui , Yu Changyuan , Lu Chao
Published: December 2021

An optimized design of 7-ring-core 5-mode-group fiber for mode-group-based dense space-division multiplexing (DSDM) is proposed. It is found that decreasing the refractive index of the center and trench of each ring core can increase the available ring-core thickness and meanwhile suppress the radial higher-order modes. Based on the simulation, a fiber, with a thicker ring core and a relatively low refractive index contrast at the ring-core boundaries, is found of higher mode purity and lower macro-bending-caused mode coupling. In the experiment, the seven cores of the fabricated fiber have low transmission losses around −0.25 dB/km with only a few fluctuations. The three higher-order mode groups (MG2,1, MG3,1, and MG4,1) are verified to be in a weak-coupling state (crosstalk of which are less than −12 dB) over a transmission length of 23 km.
The pink salmon genome: Uncovering the genomic consequences of a two-year life cycle
Authors: Christensen Kris A. , Rondeau Eric B. , Sakhrani Dionne , Biagi Carlo A. , Johnson Hollie , Joshi Jay , Flores Anne-Marie , Leelakumari Sreeja , Moore Richard , Pandoh Pawan K. , Withler Ruth E. , Beacham Terry D. , Leggatt Rosalind A. , Tarpey Carolyn M. , Seeb Lisa W. , Seeb James E. , Jones Steven J. M. , Devlin Robert H. , Koop Ben F.
Published: December 2021

Pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) adults are the smallest of the five Pacific salmon native to the western Pacific Ocean. Pink salmon are also the most abundant of these species and account for a large proportion of the commercial value of the salmon fishery worldwide. A two-year life history of pink salmon generates temporally isolated populations that spawn either in even-years or odd-years. To uncover the influence of this genetic isolation, reference genome assemblies were generated for each year-class and whole genome re-sequencing data was collected from salmon of both year-classes. The salmon were sampled from six Canadian rivers and one Japanese river. At multiple centromeres we identified peaks of Fst between year-classes that were millions of base-pairs long. The largest Fst peak was also associated with a million base-pair chromosomal polymorphism found in the odd-year genome near a centromere. These Fst peaks may be the result of a centromere drive or a combination of reduced recombination and genetic drift, and they could influence speciation. Other regions of the genome influenced by odd-year and even-year temporal isolation and tentatively under selection were mostly associated with genes related to immune function, organ development/maintenance, and behaviour.
Human mobility data and machine learning reveal geographic differences in alcohol sales and alcohol outlet visits across U.S. states during COVID-19
Authors: Hu Yingjie , Quigley Brian M. , Taylor Dane
Published: December 2021

As many U.S. states implemented stay-at-home orders beginning in March 2020, anecdotes reported a surge in alcohol sales, raising concerns about increased alcohol use and associated ills. The surveillance report from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism provides monthly U.S. alcohol sales data from a subset of states, allowing an investigation of this potential increase in alcohol use. Meanwhile, anonymized human mobility data released by companies such as SafeGraph enables an examination of the visiting behavior of people to various alcohol outlets such as bars and liquor stores. This study examines changes to alcohol sales and alcohol outlet visits during COVID-19 and their geographic differences across states. We find major increases in the sales of spirits and wine since March 2020, while the sales of beer decreased. We also find moderate increases in people’s visits to liquor stores, while their visits to bars and pubs substantially decreased. Noticing a significant correlation between alcohol sales and outlet visits, we use machine learning models to examine their relationship and find evidence in some states for likely panic buying of spirits and wine. Large geographic differences exist across states, with both major increases and decreases in alcohol sales and alcohol outlet visits.
Maternal opioid use is reflected on leukocyte telomere length of male newborns
Authors: Rahimi Mehdi Abad Fatemeh , Khalili Parvin , Jalali Fatemeh , Pirsadeghi Ali , Esmaeili Nadimi Ali , Manshoori Azita , Jalali Zahra
Published: December 2021

Opioid use accelerates normal aging in adults that raises a question on whether it may trans-generationally affect aging and aging biomarkers in the offspring of users as well? In the present research, we investigated the relative telomere length in umbilical cord blood of newborns born to opioid consuming mothers compared to normal controls. Telomere length shortening is a known biomarker of aging and aging related diseases. Its measure at birth or early in life is considered as a predictor of individual health in adulthood. Here, we performed a case-control study to investigate whether maternal opioid use affects newborns relative telomere length (RTL). 57 mother-newborn dyads were included in this study, 30 neonates with opioid using mothers (OM), and 27 with not-opioid using mothers (NOM)). RTL was measured in leukocyte cells genomic DNA using real-time PCR. The correlation of maternal opioid use with neonates telomer length was assessed using logistic regression analysis. The results displayed a significant association between odds ratio of long RTL and maternal opioid use when sensitivity analysis was performed by neonate sex; where the data indicates significantly increased odds ratio of long leukocyte RTL in association with maternal opioid use in male neonates only. Further work is necessary to assess this association in larger samples and test the potential underlying mechanisms for this observation.
A method for campus-wide SARS-CoV-2 surveillance at a large public university
Authors: Chang Terren , Draper Jolene M. , Van den Bout Anouk , Kephart Ellen , Maul-Newby Hannah , Vasquez Yvonne , Woodbury Jason , Randi Savanna , Pedersen Martina , Nave Maeve , La Scott , Gallagher Natalie , McCabe Molly M. , Dhillon Namrita , Bjork Isabel , Luttrell Michael , Dang Frank , MacMillan John B. , Green Ralph , Miller Elizabeth , Kilpatrick Auston M. , Vaske Olena , Stone Michael D. , Sanford Jeremy R.
Published: December 2021

The systematic screening of asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic individuals is a powerful tool for controlling community transmission of infectious disease on college campuses. Faced with a paucity of testing in the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, many universities developed molecular diagnostic laboratories focused on SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing on campus and in their broader communities. We established the UC Santa Cruz Molecular Diagnostic Lab in early April 2020 and began testing clinical samples just five weeks later. Using a clinically-validated laboratory developed test (LDT) that avoided supply chain constraints, an automated sample pooling and processing workflow, and a custom laboratory information management system (LIMS), we expanded testing from a handful of clinical samples per day to thousands per day with the testing capacity to screen our entire campus population twice per week. In this report we describe the technical, logistical, and regulatory processes that enabled our pop-up lab to scale testing and reporting capacity to thousands of tests per day.
Asymmetry and changes in the neuromuscular profile of short-track athletes as a result of strength training
Authors: Pakosz Paweł , Lukanova-Jakubowska Anna , Łuszczki Edyta , Gnoiński Mariusz , García-García Oscar
Published: December 2021

Background

The purpose of this study was to identify the biomedical signals of short-track athletes by evaluating the effects of monthly strength training on changes in their neuromuscular profile, strength, and power parameters of the lower limb muscles. Muscle asymmetry, which can cause a risk of injury, was also evaluated.

Methods and results

This study involved female athletes, age 18.8 ± 2.7 years, with a height of 162 ± 2.4 cm, and weight of 55.9 ± 3.9 kg. Before and after the monthly preparatory period prior to the season, strength measurements were assessed through the Swift SpeedMat platform, and reactivity of the lower limb muscles was assessed with tensiomyography (TMG). The athletes were also tested before and after the recovery training period. In the test after strength training, all average countermovement jump (CMJ) results improved. Flight time showed an increase with a moderate to large effect, using both legs (5.21%). Among the TMG parameters, time contraction (Tc) changed globally with a decrease (-5.20%). Changes in the results of the test after recovery training were most often not significant.

Conclusion

A monthly period of strength training changes the neuromuscular profile of short-track female athletes, with no significant differences between the right and left lower limbs.
Postural responses to specific types of long-term memory during visually induced roll self-motion
Authors: Tixier Maëlle , Rousset Stéphane , Barraud Pierre-Alain , Cian Corinne
Published: December 2021

A large body of research has shown that visually induced self-motion (vection) and cognitive processing may interfere with each other. The aim of this study was to assess the interactive effects of a visual motion inducing vection (uniform motion in roll) versus a visual motion without vection (non-uniform motion) and long-term memory processing using the characteristics of standing posture (quiet stance). As the level of interference may be related to the nature of the cognitive tasks used, we examined the effect of visual motion on a memory task which requires a spatial process (episodic recollection) versus a memory task which does not require this process (semantic comparisons). Results confirm data of the literature showing that compensatory postural response in the same direction as background motion. Repeatedly watching visual uniform motion or increasing the cognitive load with a memory task did not decrease postural deviations. Finally, participants were differentially controlling their balance according to the memory task but this difference was significant only in the vection condition and in the plane of background motion. Increased sway regularity (decreased entropy) combined with decreased postural stability (increase variance) during vection for the episodic task would indicate an ineffective postural control. The different interference of episodic and semantic memory on posture during visual motion is consistent with the involvement of spatial processes during episodic memory recollection. It can be suggested that spatial disorientation due to visual roll motion preferentially interferes with spatial cognitive tasks, as spatial tasks can draw on resources expended to control posture.
In vivo identification and validation of novel potential predictors for human cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Hammouda Omar T. , Wu Meng Yue , Kaul Verena , Gierten Jakob , Thumberger Thomas , Wittbrodt Joachim
Published: December 2021

Genetics crucially contributes to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the global leading cause of death. Since the majority of CVDs can be prevented by early intervention there is a high demand for the identification of predictive causative genes. While genome wide association studies (GWAS) correlate genes and CVDs after diagnosis and provide a valuable resource for such causative candidate genes, often preferentially those with previously known or suspected function are addressed further. To tackle the unaddressed blind spot of understudied genes, we particularly focused on the validation of human heart phenotype-associated GWAS candidates with little or no apparent connection to cardiac function. Building on the conservation of basic heart function and underlying genetics from fish to human we combined CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing of the orthologs of human GWAS candidates in isogenic medaka with automated high-throughput heart rate analysis. Our functional analyses of understudied human candidates uncovered a prominent fraction of heart rate associated genes from adult human patients impacting on the heart rate in embryonic medaka already in the injected generation. Following this pipeline, we identified 16 GWAS candidates with potential diagnostic and predictive power for human CVDs.
Time-resolved Rayleigh scattering measurements of methane clusters for laser-cluster fusion experiments
Authors: Song J. , Won J. , Bang W.
Published: December 2021

We present a time-resolved analysis of Rayleigh scattering measurements to determine the average size of methane clusters and find the optimum timing for laser-cluster fusion experiments. We measure Rayleigh scattering and determine the average size of methane clusters varying the backing pressure (P0) from 11 bar to 69 bar. Regarding the onset of clustering, we estimate that the average size of methane clusters at the onset of clustering is Nc0≅20 at 11 bar. According to our measurements, the average cluster radius r follows the power law of r∝P01.86. Our ion time-of-flight measurements indicate that we have produced energetic deuterium ions with kT = 52±2 keV after laser-cluster interaction using CD4 gas at 50 bar. We find that this ion temperature agrees with the predicted temperature from CD4 clusters at 50 bar with r = 14 nm assuming the Coulomb explosion model.
Responses of ticks to immersion in hot bathing water: Effect of surface type, water temperature, and soap on tick motor control
Authors: Schimpf David J. , Ewert Matthew M. , Lai Victor K. , Clarke Benjamin L.
Published: December 2021

Preventing bites from undetected ticks through bathing practices would benefit public health, but the effects of these practices have been researched minimally. We immersed nymphal and adult hard ticks of species common in the eastern United States in tap water, using temperatures and durations that are realistic for human hot bathing. The effect of (a) different skin-equivalent surfaces (silicone and pig skin), and (b) water temperature was tested on Amblyomma americanum, Dermacentor variabilis and Ixodes scapularis nymphs. Overall, the type of surface had a much larger effect on the nymphs’ tendency to stay in contact with the surface than water temperature did. Most nymphs that separated from the surface did so within the first 10 s of immersion, with the majority losing contact due to the formation of an air bubble between their ventral side and the test surface. In addition, adult Ixodes scapularis were tested for the effect of immersion time, temperature, and soap on tick responsiveness. Some individual adults moved abnormally or stopped moving as a result of longer or hotter immersion, but soap had little effect on responsiveness. Taken together, our results suggest that the surface plays a role in ticks’ tendency to stay in contact; the use of different bath additives warrants further research. While water temperature did not have a significant short-term effect on tick separation, ticks that have not attached by their mouth parts may be rendered unresponsive and eventually lose contact with a person’s skin in a hot bath. It should be noted that our research did not consider potential temperature effects on the pathogens themselves, as previous research suggests that some tickborne pathogens may become less hazardous even if the tick harboring them survives hot-water exposures and later bites the bather after remaining undetected.
Sonja: The White Swan: Music as narrative device
Authors: Azatyan Shmavon
Published: December 2021

Anne Sewitsky’s biopicSonja(Sonja: The White Swan) () is an example of authorial intervention that prioritizes a character-centred narrative rather than historical context. The article focuses on the musical score and the contemporary pop songs that contribute to building the psychological–emotional portrait of Norwegian-born Sonja Henie, champion figure skater and Hollywood star. In Sewitsky’s narrative strategy, non-diegetic music, sometimes deployed anachronistically, is used both to comment on the protagonist’s motivations and behaviour and to express her inner states of mind. By foregrounding Henie’s psyche through music, the film balances her negative and positive sides and presents her as complex and sometimes contradictory individual.
Music by Numbers: The Use and Abuse of Statistics in the Music Industries, Richard Osborne and Dave Laing (eds) (2021)
Authors: Dale Pete
Published: December 2021

Review of: Music by Numbers: The Use and Abuse of Statistics in the Music Industries, Richard Osborne and Dave Laing (eds) (2021)

Bristol: Intellect, 270 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-78938-253-2, h/bk, £85.00
The London Musicians’ Collective: ‘An Obstinate Clot of Invention’, Trevor Barre (2020)
Authors: Loydell Rupert
Published: December 2021

Review of: The London Musicians’ Collective: ‘An Obstinate Clot of Invention’, Trevor Barre (2020)

London: Limbic, 233 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-52726-657-9, p/bk, £13.00

 

Pianos, Toys, Music and Noise: Conversations with Steve Beresford, Andy Hamilton (2021)

London: Bloomsbury, 291 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-50136-644-4, h/bk, £81.00
Arenen für Angriffe oder Arenen der Akzeptanz?
Authors: Beck Dorothee
Published: December 2021

Nachrichtenmedien sind keine neutralen oder 'objektiven' Beobachter_innen gesellschaftlicher Genderismus-Diskurse. Sie betätigen sich vielmehr als eigenständige Akteur_innen weitgehend unabhängig von externen Ereignissen. Das ist der zentrale Befund des Projekts »'Genderismus' in der medialen Debatte«, dessen Ergebnisse in dem Beitrag diskutiert werden. Danach scheinen geschlechtliche Vielfalt als Praxis und entsprechende pädagogische Konzepte immer weniger umstritten zu sein, auch in den Kommentaren von Leser_innen. Hingegen haben mediale Beiträge zu den Themen Gender Studies und geschlechterbewusste Sprache auch in liberalen Medien einen überwiegend negativen bis diffamierenden Tenor. Bei Männlichkeits-Themen zeigt sich ein thematischer Verlauf von Diskursen über eine vermeintliche Krise der Männlichkeit hin zu medialen Plädoyers für wehrhafte Männlichkeit. Dies lässt sich als Versuche zur Resouveränisierung traditioneller Männlichkeits-Konzepte interpretieren. Auch zwischen den Ressorts sind Unterschiede zu erkennen. Während das Feuilleton und human-interest-Seiten als Labors für Entnormierungen fungieren, werden in den Politik- und Nachrichtenressorts die eigentlichen gesellschaftlichen Kämpfe ausgefochten.
Making Mario
Authors: Glas René
Published: December 2021

In »Making Mario. Shaping Franchise History Through Paratextual Play«, René Glas observes how Nintendo, through its partly textual, partly paratextual SUPER MARIO MAKER game creation systems, attempts to rewrite its own history in the interest of streamlining present and future successes: »the SMM games have a dual function of being making-ofs of the old, and a way to present a new direction for the franchise as more user-creation driven.«
Player Agency in Audience Gaming
Authors: Brandis Rüdiger , Bozkurt Can Mert
Published: December 2021

Alongside the rise of live streaming services, a new type of play has emerged. With the help of tools like live chats, straw polls and donation messages, players can now interact in real time with streamers, performers and themselves. This has led to the development of games that are directly integrated into a stream and enable the audience not to just watch and comment but also participate in the game itself. We call this practice Audience Gaming. In this article, we will analyze what new affordances to game design Audience Gaming creates and how they manifest themselves.
Material Culture on Twitch
Authors: Lamerichs Nicolle
Published: December 2021

Nicolle Lamerichs addresses pioneering paratextual forms of communication and play on streaming platforms and mainly Twitch. In »Material Culture on Twitch. Live-Streaming Cosplay, Gender, and Beauty«, she concentrates on Twitch's tag »cosplay« and demonstrates how »cosplayers comment and build upon narrative and engage in what might be called embodied paratextuality.« Looking ahead, however, Lamerichs calls for a revision of existing theories of paratextuality: »To capture platform fan-dom,we need to look beyond individual texts and signs, and consider these texts as a system.«
Benefits of Including Let's Play Recordings in Close Readings of Digital Game Texts
Authors: Marak Katarzyna
Published: December 2021

Katarzyna Marak's chapter focuses on the manner in which performative play-paratextual Let's Play videos-can contribute to a better understanding of digital games in scholarly research and attempts at close reading of the given game text. Using selected examples, the paper demonstrates how a scholar, using Let's Plays, can expand their knowledge concerning possible gameplay experiences of other players, as well as explore the relevant cultural and linguistic limitations of the analyzed game.
Fame or Infamy: The Influence of Let's Plays on Independent Game Developers
Authors: Markocki Milosz
Published: December 2021

In Miłosz Markocki's contribution investigates Let's Play Videos and their influence on the development of independent digital games. In two case studies, »Fame or Infamy: The Influence of Let's Plays on Independent Game Developers« tracks whether creative individuals grow artistically as a result ofá paratextual criticism and encouragement, thereby establishing that »Let's Plays of independent games can be treated as a proper communication channel between players and game developers.«
"Here Comes a New Challenger"
Authors: Inderst Rudolf
Published: December 2021

Rudolf Inderst's contribution is concerned with the comparatively new paratextual form of the video essay. Starting from the fact that games are of growing interest to cultural critics and that video essays first became popular in film criticism, Inderst's analyses of video channels prove the potential of audiovisual paratextuality for both popular and scholarly communication: »Certain systemic and technical processes which build the foundation of an audio-visual medium such as video games can be described and examined in a more nuanced wayby a sui generis show-do-not-tell approach of video essays.«
The Ludic Nature of Paratexts
Authors: Seiwald Regina
Published: December 2021

In this article, Regina Seiwald explores how paratexts accompanying video games mirror their playfulness by being equally playful. Seiwald commences by probing what playfulness means in relation to the game and the player. This theoretical foundation allows for the analysis of two highly ludic paratexts, namely playable games incorporated in other games and playful marketing strategies. Various exemplary games are discussed to explore how video games that are surrounded by playful paratexts encourage players to critically reflect on their own act of playing and playfulness in general without destroying the illusion created by their fictive worlds.
[Para]Textually Here: Paratexts and Presence in Games
Authors: Vollans Ed
Published: December 2021

Dr Ed Vollans' work explores the boundaries between text and context at the point of games promotion. This work first presents a discussion of how we might equate the notion of textual assemblage into discussions of paratexts. Using promotional trailers as a paratextual vehicle for this, then exploring how trailers may be said to present yet keep at a distance the notion of 'the central text' (or game in this instance): ultimately arguing that the framing nature of paratexts allows us to see them as part of the game.
Isekai: Tracing Interactive Control in Non-interactive Media
Authors: Tagliamonte Giovanni , Yang Yaochong
Published: December 2021

Literary texts have played an essential role in the media environment of digital games since the 1970s. Giovanni Tagliamonte and Yaochong Yang explore the persistence of this close relationship in contemporary culture. The two contributions review the popular sub-genre of Isekai novels-their typical elements, their production cycles, their game logic, and protocological character-as well as two game adaptations of Isekai novels. They argue that Isekai novels, by adapting elements of Japanese Role-Playing Games (JRPG), are critical paratextualizations of game systems while the adaptations of these novels back into games »end up undermining the essence of their original works-[Isekai novels] are critiques of systems but once adapted into systems they lose their respective critiques.« (»Isekai: Tracing Interactive Control in Non-Interactive Media.«)
Das Gedächtnis der Migrationsgesellschaft
Authors: Gogos Manuel
Published: December 2021

Das Leben in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland wird von Millionen Migrant*innen mitgeprägt. Lange blieb ihre Geschichte ungeschrieben, doch 1990 begannen die aus der Türkei stammenden Pionier*innen des »Dokumentationszentrums und Museums über die Migration in Deutschland e.V.« (DOMiD) damit, alltagskulturelle Objekte aus der Ära der so genannten »Gastarbeiter*innen« zusammenzutragen und in Ausstellungen zu präsentieren. Heute umfasst die Sammlung über 150.000 Zeitzeugnisse aus der Migrationsgeschichte Deutschlands seit 1945 bis heute. Unzählige unerzählte Geschichten multipler Migrationen knüpfen sich daran. Das Buch zeichnet die Geschichte des Vereins nach.
Pädophilie
Authors: Kämpf Katrin M.
Published: December 2021

Aus den Katalogen sexueller Abweichung des 19. Jahrhunderts hat bis heute ein »letzter Perverser« überlebt und diskursiv enorm an Bedeutung gewonnen: die Figur des Pädophilen. Katrin M. Kämpf folgt den Spuren der speziellen deutschen Geschichte des Pädophiliediskurses. Sie analysiert, wie eine Figur aus der Frühzeit der Sexualforschung - die im Nationalsozialismus teilweise antisemitisch aufgeladen wurde und während der »Sexuellen Revolution« eine große Rolle spielte - zum Kristallisationspunkt von biopolitischen Sicherheits- und Risikodiskursen werden konnte.
Skandal!?
Authors: Göllnitz Martin , Mecking Sabine
Published: December 2021

Martin Göllnitz und Sabine Mecking widmen sich in diesem Beitrag der Frage, wie die Historische Skandalforschung für die moderne Stadtgeschichte fruchtbar gemacht werden kann. Am Beispiel der hessischen Universitätsstadt Marburg machen sie deutlich, dass sich Skandale als Sonde für historische Studien eignen, um beispielsweise emotions-, mentalitäts-, kultur- oder gesellschaftsgeschichtliche Prozesse und Phänomene übergreifend zu analysieren.
Die Marburger Rede vom 17. Juni 1934
Authors: Göllnitz Martin
Published: December 2021

Martin Göllnitz widmet sich in diesem Beitrag der Marburger Rede des Vizekanzlers Franz von Papen, die dieser im Juni 1934 an der Universität Marburg hielt. Dabei geht er der generellen Frage nach, inwieweit die Marburger Rede überhaupt einen politischen Skandal darstellte, oder ob nicht vielmehr die durch Papens Auftritt in der mittelhessischen Universitätsstadt in Gang gesetzte - äußerst fatale - Ereigniskette, die schließlich in den Mordaktionen des 30. Juni 1934 (»Röhm-Putsch«) gipfelte, als das eigentlich Skandalöse bezeichnet werden muss.
Digitale Materialität
Authors: Trischler Ronja
Published: December 2021

Das Digitale gilt als artifiziell, synthetisch, fluid. Was, wenn sich derart jede Stofflichkeit gestaltet, die es zu bearbeiten gilt? In der arbeitsteiligen, teilautomatisierten Herstellung von Filmbildern stellt digitale Materialität Projektteams vor allerlei praktische Probleme, die diese zu bewältigen wissen. Ronja Trischler beobachtet die schrittweise Entstehung medialer Bilder in Visual-Effects-Firmen in Deutschland und England und zeichnet grundlegende Praktiken des gemeinsamen digitalen Gestaltens nach. Ihr Fokus auf Alltagsvollzüge digitaler Arbeit eröffnet eine gehaltvolle Perspektive auf digitale Kreativarbeit — und deren Materialisierung ganzer Bilderwelten.
Indigene Autonomie in Lateinamerika
Authors: Fackler Michael
Published: December 2021

Im 21. Jahrhundert sehen die Verfassungen zahlreicher lateinamerikanischer Staaten indigene Rechte auf territoriale Autonomie vor. Während viele Studien im Forschungsfeld diese Rechte vorwiegend als Anerkennung bestehender indigener Organisationsformen interpretieren, weist Michael Fackler auf den Veränderungsdruck hin, den staatliche Autonomievorstellungen beinhalten. Zu diesem Zweck untersucht er die Umsetzung indigener Autonomierechte in Bolivien. Seine detaillierte Ethnographie fokussiert auf Spannungen und Konflikte in der Aneignung rechtlicher Normsetzungen durch die lokale indigene Bevölkerung und legt die Vielschichtigkeit der Konstruktion staatlich-sanktionierter Autonomie offen.
Von blutigen Tampons und Penis-Zeichnungen
Authors: Medan Stanislaus
Published: December 2021

Stanislaus Medan widmet sich in diesem Beitrag den sexualpädagogischen Momenten seiner dreijährigen Unterrichtserfahrung an einem Oberstufengymnasium in Wien.
Working Misunderstandings
Authors: Mörike Frauke
Published: December 2021

Misunderstandings are often perceived as something to be avoided yet delineate an integrative part of everyday work. This book addresses the role that misunderstandings play in collaborative work and, above all, their effects on the organisational result. As exemplified by project collaboration across three offices of a multinational corporation in India, Frauke Mörike explores how misunderstandings shape the organisational system and why they prove not only necessary but even productive for organisational functioning. In doing so, she offers new ways to think about collaboration and establishes `misunderstanding' as a key factor of insight for the field of organisational research.
Digitale Editionen im Spannungsfeld des Medienwechsels
Authors: Oberhoff Andreas
Published: December 2021

Im Spannungsfeld des Medienwechsels von der gedruckten zur digitalen Edition wirken komplexe und oft konfligierende Kräfte. Aus der Perspektive der Informatik identifiziert Andreas Oberhoff die Ursprünge und Wechselwirkungen dieser Kräfte, präzisiert sie als wesentliche Konflikte und analysiert sie systematisierend durch Adaption etablierter Konzepte. Gestützt auf diese theoretischen Erkenntnisse leitet er technische Anforderungen an moderne Editionsinfrastrukturen ab, entwickelt innovative Konfliktlösungsstrategien (u.a. mit Hilfe von Blockchain-Technologien) und stellt auf Basis der Revisionssicherheit erstmals eine Methodik für die bewertende Einordnung dieses austarierenden Technikeinsatzes bereit.
Black Travel Writing
Authors: Kalous Isabel
Published: December 2021

What does it mean for Black diasporic writers to travel to Africa? Focusing on the period between the 1990s and 2010s, Isabel Kalous examines autobiographical narratives of travel to Africa by African American and Black British authors. She places the texts within the long tradition of Black diasporic engagement with the continent, scrutinizes the significance of Black mobility, and demonstrates that travel writing serves as a means to negotiate questions of identity, belonging, history, and cultural memory. To provide a framework for the analyses of contemporary narratives, her study outlines the emergence, development, and key characteristics of the multifaceted genre of Black travel writing. Authors discussed include, among others, Saidiya Hartman, Barack Obama, and Caryl Phillips.
Krisenkommunikation in der digitalen Gesellschaft
Authors: Störmer Maja
Published: December 2021

Ob ein Abgasskandal zu Kursschwankungen oder die Darstellung eines Pullovers zu Vandalismus in Südafrika führt - Krisen verlaufen eigendynamisch und sind schwer vorhersehbar. Neue Medientechnologien führen dabei zu mehr Komplexität und Vernetzung. Viele Regelwerke der Krisenkommunikation sind den Entwicklungen des Web 2.0 nicht gewachsen und ihre Überarbeitung ist dringend notwendig. Durch interdisziplinäre Verknüpfungen verschiedener Fachgebiete argumentiert Maja Störmer für eine relationale Perspektive, um Netzwerkdynamiken von Krisen gerecht zu werden. Mit handlungszentrierten Modellen sowie Empfehlungen für nachhaltige Strategien liefert sie neue Lösungsansätze.
Zwischen Atmosphäre und Narration
Authors: Katschthaler Karl
Published: December 2021

Musik kann zweifellos als Medium, aber auch als intermediales Phänomen aufgefasst werden. In dieser Perspektive bewegt sie sich zwischen den Polen Sprechen und Schweigen, Hören und Lesen, Subjektivität und Intertextualität und ist dem Medium der Literatur somit alternierend nah und fern. Am Beispiel der Autoren Imre Kertész und Christoph Ransmayr sowie Komponist*innen aus dem 20. und 21. Jahrhundert wie Gustav Mahler, Alban Berg, John Cage, Annea Lockwood, Jennifer Walshe u.a. verortet Karl Katschthaler Musik und Klangkunst im unauflöslichen Spannungsverhältnis von Narration und Atmosphäre.