bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One-Side Weight Sports and the Impact of Their Load on the Feet and the Occurrence of Posture Disorders in Professional Football and Handball Players
Authors: Kozel Matúš , Škrečková Gabriela , Potašová Marina , Kutiš Peter , Ondrušková Lenka
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate center of pressure (CoP) changes in unilateral sports and examine how these changes affect the athlete’s feet, ankles, knees or posture. The study sample consisted of 40 professional male players (age: 19.4 ± 2.08 years; height: 165.78 ± 4.92 cm; weight: 59.04 ± 4.02 kg; BMI: 21.57 ± 2.22; foot size: 40.9 ± 1.6), divided by type of sport into group H—handball (n: 20) and group F—football (n: 20). To evaluate the monitored parameters, we used the instrumental diagnostic techniques: 3D laser footscan, baropodometric platform FreeStep and 2D Videography. We found no significant differences between the groups in the loading of the right and left foot (F: 8.3 ± 4.22; H: 7.7 ± 6.1) (p = 0.410). We found a significant difference in the load on the front and back of the left (p = 0.0079) and right foot (p = 0.0210) depending on the type of sport performed. Maximum and mean values of CoP (g/cm2) showed statistically significant differences depending on the sport performed (p < 0.0001). The shift in CoP (mm) from the norm depending on the sport performed was confirmed in the latero-lateral direction (p = 0.003), but not in the antero-posterior direction (p = 0.320). We found a difference in the angulation of the knees and heels depending on the sport played. Handball players showed higher knee varosity/valgosity (p = 0.015) and heel values than football players (p = 0.002). The handball players also confirmed a worse postural load and initial forward posture. The one-sided sports, handball and football, showed negative effects on the athlete’s movement system. These changes were more pronounced in handball players. Proper training programs should be applied in athletes’ daily routine to improve the negative effects of unilateral sports.
The Effect of a Single Temporomandibular Joint Soft Tissue Therapy on Cervical Spine Mobility, Temporomandibular Joint Mobility, Foot Load Distribution, and Body Balance in Women with Myofascial Pain in the Temporomandibular Joint Area—A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sulowska-Daszyk Iwona , Handzlik-Waszkiewicz Paulina , Gamrot Sara
Published: November 2024

In contemporary times, a significant portion of the population experiences symptoms of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a single-session TMJ soft tissue therapy on the TMJ and cervical spine mobility as well as on body balance and the foot load distribution. This study was a parallel-group, randomized, controlled trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio. Fifty women aged 20–30 years diagnosed with myofascial pain in the TMJ area were included in the study and divided into two groups. The experimental group received TMJ soft tissue therapy. The following research tools were used: a Hogetex electronic caliper, a CROM Deluxe, and a FreeMed Base pedobarographic platform. In the experimental group, an increase in mobility within all assessed jaw and cervical spine movements was observed. This change was statistically significant (p < 0.05) for lateral movement to the left, abduction, and protrusion of the jaw (an increase of 10.32%, 7.07%, and 20.92%, respectively) and for extension, lateral bending to the right and left, and rotation to the right and left, of the cervical spine (an increase of 7.05%, 7.89%, 10.44%, 4.65%, and 6.55%, respectively). In the control group, no significant differences were observed. No significant changes were observed in the load distribution and body balance assessment. A single session of TMJ soft tissue therapy increases jaw and cervical spine mobility but does not impact body balance or foot load distribution in static conditions in women diagnosed with myofascial pain in the TMJ area.
Acute Effect of Oral N-Acetylcysteine Supplementation on Fatigue Effect and Isometric Force Production in Physically Active People
Authors: Bravo-Sánchez Alfredo , Portillo Javier , Abián Pablo , Ramírez-delaCruz María , Lamas Cristina , Abián-Vicén Javier
Published: November 2024

The main objective of this study was to assess the ergogenic effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on myotendinous isometric force production in physically active people after being subjected to a fatigue protocol. Twenty-three physically active people were randomly divided into the following two groups: NAC (n = 12; age = 26.8 ± 4.5 years, height = 173.1 ± 7.2 cm, and weight = 75.5 ± 7.5 kg), who received 2400 mg oral NAC, and control (n = 11; age = 23.4 ± 5.8 years, height = 175.9 ± 4.5 cm, and weight = 72.3 ± 9.9 kg), who received a placebo, for eight days. The isometric force production was assessed pre- and post-NAC supplementation during a maximal voluntary contraction test (MVC) and also during a fatigue protocol composed of seven sets of ten maximal isometric contraction repetitions of 5 s, with 5 s of rest between repetitions and 20 s between sets. No differences were observed between the groups in the force production values at any moment, and no side effects were found after NAC supplementation. After supplementation, a significant decrease in force was observed in both groups, but this significant loss of force started one set later in the NAC group compared to the control group (4th set vs. 5th set), which could be an ergogenic effect of the treatment. Therefore, oral daily supplementation with 2400 mg of NAC for eight days, could delay the decrease in force production during an isometric exercise protocol and without adverse side effects.
Exploring Metalloprotease from Dunaliella sp.: Production, Regulation, and Structural Insight
Authors: Hentati Ons , Ben Hlima Hajer , Drira Marwa , Elleuch Fatma , Tounsi Latifa , Michaud Philippe , Abdelkafi Slim
Published: November 2024

A green microalgal strain, identified as Dunaliella sp., was isolated from the Tunisian southern region. The enhancement of its protein and protease production was performed through culture condition optimization using the response surface methodology. The optimal conditions for protein and protease production were found to be, respectively, (i) NaCl concentrations of 135 and 45.55 g/L, (ii) NaHCO3 concentrations of 0.5 and 1.5 g/L, (iii) temperature of 28 °C for both, and (iv) light intensities of 400 and 100 µmol photons/m2/s. The optimization led to an increase in microalgae protein content from 11.98% ± 0.26 to 18.39% ± 0.10 and microalgae proteolytic activity from 7.36 ± 0.74 U/mg to 12.54 ± 0.86 U/mg. Specific focus was attributed to ATP-dependent metalloprotease, namely, FtsH2, which is involved in numerous cellular processes including cell division, cell differentiation, signal transduction, and stress response. Differential expression of the FtsH2 gene under various stress conditions showed that this expression was upregulated in response to salt stress, gibberellic acid, and Indole-3-butyric acid. A 3D modeling demonstrated two possible arrangements where the ATPase ring shows either a perfect six-fold symmetry with an open circular entrance covering the crucial pore residues, or a translocated model triggered by substrate binding inward movement of the aromatic pore residues.
Modeling and Measurement of Tool Wear During Angular Positioning of a Round Cutting Insert of a Toroidal Milling Tool for Multi-Axis Milling
Authors: Gdula Michał , Knapčíková Lucia , Husár Jozef , Vandžura Radoslav
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study was to develop a concept for an angular positioning method for a round cutting insert in a torus cutter body dedicated to the multi-axis milling process under high-speed machining cutting conditions. The method concept is based on a developed wear model using a non-linear estimation method adopting a quasi-linear function. In addition, a tool life model was developed, taking into account the cutting blade work angle parameter, the laser marking method for the round cutting insert, and a wear measurement methodology. The developed tool wear model provides an accuracy of 90% in predicting the flank wear of the cutting blade. The developed procedure for angular positioning of the round cutting insert enables the entire cutting edge to be fully utilized, extending the total tool life. In addition, the measured largest defect values between the worn cutting edge and the nominal outline of the round cutting insert indicate the location of notching-type wear.
Understanding Polymers Through Transfer Learning and Explainable AI
Authors: Miccio Luis A.
Published: November 2024

In this work we study the use of artificial intelligence models, particularly focusing on transfer learning and interpretability, to predict polymer properties. Given the challenges imposed by data scarcity in polymer science, transfer learning offers a promising solution by using learnt features of models pre-trained on other datasets. We conducted a comparative analysis of direct modelling and transfer learning-based approaches using a polyacrylates’ glass transitions dataset as a proof-of-concept study. The AI models utilized tokenized SMILES strings to represent polymer structures, with convolutional neural networks processing these representations to predict Tg. To enhance model interpretability, Shapley value analysis was employed to assess the contribution of specific chemical groups to the predictions. The results indicate that while transfer learning provides robust predictive capabilities, direct modelling on polymer-specific data offers superior performance, particularly in capturing the complex interactions influencing Tg. This work highlights the importance of model interpretability and the limitations of applying molecular-level models to polymer systems.
Characteristics of Sudden Change in Aerodynamic Load of High-Speed Train Caused by Wind Barrier and Its Buffer Measure
Authors: Tao Wei , Lou Ping
Published: November 2024

When high-speed trains (HSTs) rapidly enter or exit the wind barrier area of the bridge, the quick change in the operating environment can lead to sudden changes in train aerodynamic loads, resulting in the deterioration of their aerodynamic performance and adversely affecting safe and stable operation. In this paper, the effects of wind barrier porosity, crosswind speed, and train speed on the sudden change in the aerodynamic load of the HST induced by wind barriers are analyzed, and the reasons for the sudden change from a flow field perspective are given. Additionally, the influences of the buffer structure with three lengths of 45 m, 90 m, and 135 m on the sudden change in the aerodynamic load of HSTs are studied. The results show that the lower the porosity of the wind barrier, the higher the crosswind speed, and the lower the speed of trains entering and exiting the wind barrier area, resulting in a greater degree of sudden change in the aerodynamic load of the HST. The buffer structure measuring 90 m in length is considered the most suitable, as it can significantly alleviate the sudden change in the aerodynamic load and effectively enhance the safety of train operations.
Prediction of Lithium-Ion Battery Health Using GRU-BPP
Authors: Qaadan Sahar , Alshare Aiman , Popp Alexander , Schmuelling Benedikt
Published: November 2024

Accurate prediction of lithium-ion batteries’ (LIBs) state-of-health (SOH) is crucial for the safety and maintenance of LIB-powered systems. This study addresses the variability in degradation trajectories by applying gated recurrent unit (GRU) networks alongside principal component analysis (PCA), Granger causality, and K-means clustering to analyze the relationships between operating conditions—such as temperature and load profiles—and battery performance degradation. This paper uses a publicly accessible dataset derived by aging three prismatic LIB cells under a realistic forklift operation profile. First, we identify the features that are relevant to driving variance, then we employ the winning algorithm of K-means clustering for the classification of operational states. Granger causality later investigates the inter-group relationships. Our GRU-BPP model achieves an RMSE value of 0.167 and an MAE of 0.129 for the reference performance testing (RPT) dataset and an RMSE of 0.032 with an MAE of 0.025 for the aging dataset, thus outperformed benchmark methods such as GRU, LME, and XGBoost. These results further enhance the predictiveness and robustness of this approach and yield a holistic solution to the conventional challenges in battery management and their remaining useful life (RUL) predictions.
The Role of Interfacial Effects in the Impedance of Nanostructured Solid Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Airoldi Martino , Steiner Ullrich , Gunkel Ilja
Published: November 2024

The role of interfacial effects on an ion-conducting poly(styrene-b-ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO or SEO) diblock copolymer doped with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Coating the surface of commonly used stainless steel electrodes with a specific random copolymer brush increases the measured ionic conductivity by more than an order of magnitude compared to the uncoated electrodes. The increase in ionic conductivity is related to the interfacial structure of the block copolymer domain morphology on the electrode surface. We show that the impedance associated with the electrode–electrolyte interface can be detected using nonmetallic electrodes, allowing us to distinguish the ionic conductivity behaviors of the bulk electrolyte and the interfacial layers for both as-prepared and annealed samples.
Streptococcus agalactiae Infection in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): A Review
Authors: Abdallah Ebtsam Sayed Hassan , Metwally Walaa Gomaa Mohamed , Abdel-Rahman Mootaz Ahmed Mohamed , Albano Marco , Mahmoud Mahmoud Mostafa
Published: November 2024

Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Lancefield) has emerged as a significant pathogen affecting both humans and animals, including aquatic species. Infections caused by S. agalactiae are becoming a growing concern in aquaculture and have been reported globally in various freshwater and marine fish species, particularly those inhabiting warm water environments. This has led to numerous outbreaks with high morbidity and mortality in fish. Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), a member of the Cichlid family, is one of the severely affected fish species by S. agalactiae. The current study aims to focus on S. agalactiae infection in cultured O. niloticus with reference to its transmission and sources of infection; risk factors influencing GBS infection, disease clinical signs, lesions, and pathogenesis; S. agalactiae virulence factors; and how to diagnose, treat, control, and prevent infection including vaccination and herbal extract medication.
Intraperitoneal Administration of S100A8 Ameliorates Experimental Acute Colitis in Rats
Authors: Matsuo Kano , Ikemoto Masaki , Okada Kohki
Published: November 2024

S100A8 is a protein that is abundant in neutrophils and macrophages (MΦ), but its role in inflammation remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the immunological role(s) of S100A8 in acute intestinal inflammation in rats and its role in MΦ. Rat recombinant S100A8 (rr-S100A8, 1.0 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered daily to rats with 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) (DSS + A8 group)-induced experimental acute colitis. The histological severity score (6.50 ± 0.51, p = 0.038) in the DSS + A8 group rats remained lower than that (9.75 ± 1.48) of the rats without S100A8 (DSS group) administration. The tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production in the colon tissues of the rats in the DSS + A8 group (4.76 ± 0.90 pg/mL/g, p = 0.042) was significantly suppressed, compared with that of the DSS group (10.45 ± 2.04 pg/mL/g). To stimulate rat peritoneal MΦ, rr-S100A8, the anti-rat S100A8 antibody, and a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used in the in vitro experiments. In the MΦ stimulated with rr-S100A8 for 2 h, the mRNA level of intracellular S100A8 (47.41 ± 24.44, p = 0.002) increased in an autocrine manner, whereas that of S100A9 (0.24 ± 0.43, p = 0.782) was not significant. The TNF-α mRNA level in the MΦ treated with LPS and the anti-rat S100A8 antibody significantly increased (102.26 ± 18.60, p = 0.001) compared to that with LPS alone (16.9 ± 8.56). These results indicate that S100A8 can serve as an anti-inflammatory protein in acute inflammation by negatively regulating S100A9 and TNF-α production through inflammatory signaling pathways in MΦ.
Targeting APC/C Ubiquitin E3-Ligase Activation with Pyrimidinethylcarbamate Apcin Analogues for the Treatment of Breast Cancer
Authors: Kapanidou Maria , Curtis Natalie L. , Diaz-Minguez Sandra S. , Agudo-Alvarez Sandra , Rus Sanchez Alfredo , Mayah Ammar , Agena Rosette , Brennan Paul , Morales Paula , Benito-Arenas Raul , Bastida Agatha , Bolanos-Garcia Victor M.
Published: November 2024

Activation of the ubiquitin ligase APC/C by the protein Cdc20 is an essential requirement for proper cell division in higher organisms, including humans. APC/C is the ultimate effector of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC), the signalling system that monitors the proper attachment of chromosomes to microtubules during cell division. Defects in this process result in genome instability and cancer. Interfering with APC/C substrate ubiquitylation in cancer cells delays mitotic exit, which induces cell death. Therefore, impairing APC/C function represents an opportunity for the treatment of cancer and malignancies associated with SAC dysregulation. In this study, we report a new class of pyrimidinethylcarbamate apcin analogues that interfere with APC/C activity in 2D and 3D breast cancer cells. The new pyrimidinethylcarbamate apcin analogues exhibited higher cytotoxicity than apcin in all breast cancer cell subtypes investigated, with much lower cytotoxicity observed in fibroblasts and RPE-1 cells. Further molecular rationalisation of apcin and its derivatives was conducted using molecular docking studies. These structural modifications selected from the in silico studies provide a rational basis for the development of more potent chemotypes to treat highly aggressive breast cancer and possibly other aggressive tumour types of diverse tissue origins.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Activated PI3Kδ Syndrome: An Uncommon Complication of a Rare Condition
Authors: Dargenio Vanessa Nadia , Rutigliano Vincenzo , Martire Baldassarre , Pigneur Bénédicte , Dargenio Costantino , Francavilla Ruggiero , Cristofori Fernanda
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Monogenic primary immunodeficiencies represent a group of disorders with varying levels of severity, many of which remain poorly understood. Activated phosphoinositide-3 kinase delta syndrome (APDS) is a rare genetic condition resulting from dominant point mutations in the phosphoinositide-3 kinase delta (PI3Kδ) gene, which leads to hyperactivation of the PI3Kδ enzyme, primarily expressed in T and B lymphocytes. Children with this mutation often have recurrent sinopulmonary infections and immunodeficiency. Additional complications may include increased susceptibility to herpes virus infections, lymphoid hyperplasia, and autoimmune conditions. In this case, report, we describe the clinical course of a young boy diagnosed with APDS who developed unclassified inflammatory bowel disease (U-IBD) and explore a personalized treatment approach. Methods: We detail the clinical course of a 12-year-old boy with APDS who presented with fever, diarrhea, anemia, and significant weight loss. Diagnostic evaluations, including endoscopy and histological analysis, led to a diagnosis of U-IBD. Genetic testing confirmed a heterozygous PIK3CD mutation (c.G3061A, p.E1021K). Results: Although APDS is characterized by a broad spectrum of immune dysregulation, the occurrence of IBD in this context is rare. We managed the patient’s IBD with exclusively enteral nutrition to induce remission, followed by a maintenance regimen combining the Crohn’s Disease Exclusion Diet (CDED) and mesalamine, achieving sustained long-term clinical remission. Conclusions: This case underscores the importance of personalized treatment approaches in managing the complex manifestations of APDS.
Metabolic Effects of Sodium Thiosulfate During Resuscitation from Trauma and Hemorrhage in Cigarette-Smoke-Exposed Cystathionine-γ-Lyase Knockout Mice
Authors: Feth Maximilian , Hezel Felix , Gröger Michael , Hogg Melanie , Zink Fabian , Kress Sandra , Hoffmann Andrea , Calzia Enrico , Wachter Ulrich , Radermacher Peter , Merz Tamara
Published: November 2024

Background: Acute and chronic pre-traumatic cigarette smoke exposure increases morbidity and mortality after trauma and hemorrhage. In mice with a genetic deletion of the H2S-producing enzyme cystathione-γ-lyase (CSE−/−), providing exogenous H2S using sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) improved organ function after chest trauma and hemorrhagic shock. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of Na2S2O3 during resuscitation from blunt chest trauma and hemorrhagic shock on CSE−/− mice with pre-traumatic cigarette smoke (CS) exposure. Since H2S is well established as being able to modify energy metabolism, a specific focus was placed on whole-body metabolic pathways and mitochondrial respiratory activity. Methods: Following CS exposure, the CSE−/− mice underwent anesthesia, surgical instrumentation, blunt chest trauma, hemorrhagic shock for over 1 h (target mean arterial pressure (MAP) ≈ 35 ± 5 mmHg), and resuscitation for up to 8 h comprising lung-protective mechanical ventilation, the re-transfusion of shed blood, fluid resuscitation, and continuous i.v. noradrenaline (NoA) to maintain an MAP ≥ 55 mmHg. At the start of the resuscitation, the mice randomly received either i.v. Na2S2O3 (0.45 mg/gbodyweight; n = 14) or the vehicle (NaCl 0.9%; n = 11). In addition to the hemodynamics, lung mechanics, gas exchange, acid–base status, and organ function, we quantified the parameters of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism using a primed continuous infusion of stable, non-radioactive, isotope-labeled substrates (gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) and the post-mortem tissue mitochondrial respiratory activity (“high-resolution respirometry”). Results: While the hemodynamics and NoA infusion rates did not differ, Na2S2O3 was associated with a trend towards lower static lung compliance (p = 0.071) and arterial PO2 (p = 0.089) at the end of the experiment. The direct, aerobic glucose oxidation rate was higher (p = 0.041) in the Na2S2O3-treated mice, which resulted in lower glycemia levels (p = 0.050) and a higher whole-body CO2 production rate (p = 0.065). The mitochondrial respiration in the heart, kidney, and liver tissue did not differ. While the kidney function was comparable, the Na2S2O3-treated mice showed a trend towards a shorter survival time (p = 0.068). Conclusions: During resuscitation from blunt chest trauma and hemorrhagic shock in CSE−/− mice with pre-traumatic CS exposure, Na2S2O3 was associated with increased direct, aerobic glucose oxidation, suggesting a switch in energy metabolism towards preferential carbohydrate utilization. Nevertheless, treatment with Na2S2O3 coincided with a trend towards worsened lung mechanics and gas exchange, and, ultimately, shorter survival.
The Advancement Stage of Gastric Cancer and the Levels of CEA and Ca19-9 in Serum and Peritoneal Lavage
Authors: Bąk Michał , Wojciech Magdalena , Pielech Adrianna , Holka Sylwia , Zawadzki Marek , Murawa Dawid
Published: November 2024

Background: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the levels of tumor markers—specifically, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and Ca19-9 antigen—determined in both serum (sCEA and sCa19-9) and intraoperative peritoneal washings (pCEA and pCa19-9) and the advanced stage of gastric cancer (including the occurrence of cancer cells in cytology from abdominal fluid). Methods: This study included 47 patients with histopathologically confirmed gastric cancer or gastroesophageal junction cancer who underwent surgical treatment. The material for the cytological examination and assessment of CEA and Ca19-9 concentrations in peritoneal fluid was collected intraoperatively. Later, blood was drawn to assess the CEA and Ca19-9 concentrations in blood serum. Results: There was a statistical correlation between a positive cytology result or the presence of peritoneal carcinomatosis and a positive result for the tumor markers obtained from abdominal washings. This correlation was not observed with marker levels obtained from blood serum. The pCEA marker was highly sensitive (93.3%) and specific (93.8%) for detecting cancer cells. The pCa19-9 marker was less effective in detecting cancer but matched pCEA in identifying the absence of cancer. No differences were observed in sCEA and sCA19-9 levels between patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and those who did not receive this treatment. However, statistical analysis showed that this relationship did not apply to pCEA and pCa19-9 levels. Conclusions: Intraoperative determinations of tumor marker levels in peritoneal washings may be a predictive factor for a poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer.
Brain Injury and Neurodegeneration: Molecular, Functional, and Translational Approach 2.0
Authors: Ahluwalia Pankaj , Gaur Pankaj , Ahluwalia Meenakshi , Vaibhav Kumar
Published: November 2024

The brain is composed of different cells, such as neurons, glia, endothelial cells, etc [...]
Development of an Escherichia coli Cell-Based Biosensor for Aspirin Monitoring by Genetic Engineering of MarR
Authors: Kim Yeonhong , Jeon Yangwon , Song Kyeoungseok , Ji Haekang , Hwang Soon-Jin , Yoon Youngdae
Published: November 2024

Multiple antibiotic resistance regulators (MarRs) control the transcription of genes in the mar operon of Escherichia coli in the presence of salicylic acid (SA). The interaction with SA induces conformational changes in the MarR released from the promoter of the mar operon, turning on transcription. We constructed an SA-specific E. coli cell-based biosensor by fusing the promoter of the mar operon (PmarO) and the gene that encodes an enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp). Because SA and aspirin are structurally similar, a biosensor for monitoring aspirin can be obtained by genetically engineering MarR to be aspirin (ASP)-responsive. To shift the selectivity of MarR toward ASP, we changed the residues around the ligand-binding sites by site-directed mutagenesis. We examined the effects of genetic engineering on MarR by introducing MarRs with PmarO-egfp into E. coli. Among the tested mutants, MarR T72A improved the ASP responses by approximately 3 times compared to the wild-type MarR, while still showing an SA response. Although the MarR T72A biosensor exhibited mutual interference between SA and ASP, it accurately determined the ASP concentration in spiked water and medicine samples with over 90% accuracy. While the ASP biosensors still require improvement, our results provide valuable insights for developing E. coli cell-based biosensors for ASP and transcription factor-based biosensors in general.
Enhancing Recycling Participation: Behavior Factors Influencing Residents’ Adoption of Recycling Vending Machines
Authors: Zhang Xinyuan , Deng Guangya , Nketiah Emmanuel , Shi Victor
Published: November 2024

Recycling is a crucial waste management option because of the increasing amount of waste generated and the limited space in landfills. However, traditional recycling processes, which require individuals to deliver large quantities of waste to recycling centers, can discourage participation. To address this issue, this study expanded upon the technology acceptance model (TAM) by incorporating perceived risk and social influence to examine residents’ intentions to adopt recycling vending machines. This study used partial least squares structural equation modeling based on the data collected from 525 individuals in Jiangsu Province, China. This study’s findings indicate that TAM components, such as attitudes, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use, positively influence residents’ intentions and behaviors to adopt recycling vending machines. Additionally, perceived usefulness and ease of use significantly affected attitudes toward recycling vending machines. This study also found that social influence had a significant positive impact on perceived usefulness and ease of use, while perceived risk negatively influenced these factors. Furthermore, attitude played a crucial mediating role, with additional factors impacting intentions and behaviors through attitude. Overall, this research can help stakeholders such as waste management companies to understand residents’ concerns and improve the implementation of recycling vending machines.
The Relationships Between Short Video Usage and Subjective Well-Being: Mediation Models and Network Analysis
Authors: Zhai Guanghui , Su Jiahui , Chen Zhouying , Feng Yang , Jiang Yunpeng , Liu Tour , Wu Xia
Published: November 2024

On short video platforms, individuals can not only passively browse videos but also actively engage in behaviors such as liking and commenting on videos. However, the mechanisms by how active and passive usage of short videos affect subjective well-being remains unclear. Thus, this study aims to explore these mechanisms through path analysis and network analysis. We employed the Short Video Usage Questionnaire, Subjective Well-Being Scale, and Interaction Anxiety Scale to survey 1086 participants. The results indicated (1) the active usage positively predicted life satisfaction and positive affect, while passive usage failed to predict any of them. (2) Social anxiety mediated the relationship between short video usage and subjective well-being. Active usage enhanced life satisfaction and positive affect by alleviating social anxiety, while reducing negative affect by decreasing social anxiety. At the same time, passive usage reduced life satisfaction and positive affect by exacerbating social anxiety while increasing negative affect by intensifying social anxiety. (3) Network analysis revealed that “live interaction” behavior was a core activity for alleviating social anxiety and enhancing subjective well-being. The findings highlight the significant role of short video usage in subjective well-being and provide empirical evidence to guide users in the rational and positive usage of short video platforms.
Psychometric Properties of the Malay Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) in Malaysian Undergraduates
Authors: Siau Ching Sin , Tan Yee Kee , Ibrahim Norhayati , Kõlves Kairi , Zhang Jie , Fariduddin Muhamad Nur , Chua Bee Seok , Cheah Whye Lian , Syed Elias Sharifah Munirah , Mat Ali Siti Nazilah , In Serena , Lim Alex Lian Sheng , Subramaniam Geetha , Wider Walton , Mohd Sidik Sherina , Tan Siew Tin , Lew Bob , Chan Lai Fong
Published: November 2024

The psychometric properties of the Malay Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) need to be tested as it is increasingly utilized, and there is a lack of a brief, validated scale to examine suicidal behaviors in Malaysia. A total of 713 and 715 undergraduates answered the English and Malay SBQ-R, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis derived a one-factor solution, with a total explained variance of 58.0% accounted for by the four items. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the one-factor model for the Malay SBQ-R, with acceptable fit indices (χ2/df = 0.451, comparative and Tucker–Lewis fit indices = ≥1.000, standardized root mean square residual = 0.014, root mean square error of approximation = 0.000, and 90% CI [0.000, 0.083]). Measurement invariance was achieved when comparing the SBQ-R between the English and Malay versions, indicating that both versions are similar in Malaysian undergraduates. Convergent validity was established through a strong correlation between the Malay SBQ-R and the Malay Yatt Suicide Attitude Scale (r = 0.74; p < 0.001). Good internal consistency was achieved for both the English (α = 0.83; ω = 0.85) and Malay (α = 0.81; ω = 0.84) versions. The Malay SBQ-R has adequate validity and reliability for use in Malaysian undergraduates.
Vibration Measurement and Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Non-Structural Elements on Dynamic Properties of Large-Span Structures
Authors: Chen Jialiang , He Wei , Sun Congbo , Hou Sen , Chen Junjie , Wang Zhe
Published: November 2024

Non-structural elements have been demonstrated to be essential for the dynamic performance of large-span structures. However, how to quantify their effect has not yet been fully understood. In this study, the contribution of non-structural elements to dynamic properties of large-span structures is systematically investigated via both field measurement and numerical simulation methods. Modal testing of an indoor stadium and an elevated highway bridge was conducted during different construction phases, and the corresponding modal characteristics were identified. Results show that the traditional capacity-based models are incapable of reflecting the actual dynamic characteristics of in-service structures since neglecting the effect of non-structural elements would result in remarkable discrepancies in modal properties. A general modeling framework incorporating the contribution of slab/deck pavement, infill walls (or crash barriers), and joints/connections for large-span structures is developed to quantitatively consider the effect of non-structural elements based on the principle of equivalence of stiffness and mass to the actual structure. The effectiveness of the method is validated by vibration measurement results.
Experimental Studies of Low-Reinforced Concrete Structures Containing Inter-Bay Construction Joints Strengthened with Prestressed Basalt Composite Reinforcements and External Transverse Reinforcements
Authors: Rubin Oleg , Kozlov Dmitry , Antonov Anton , Almasri Amer
Published: November 2024

During the long-term operation of main run-of-river head powerhouses for hydroelectric power plants, technical changes that deteriorate the operational properties of their reinforced concrete structures can occur. Therefore, in order to substantiate the application of prestressed basalt composite reinforcements to strengthen reinforced concrete hydraulic structures in operation, a set of computational and experimental studies was carried out, taking into account their characteristic features. After 4 years of ageing, the serviceability and reliability of the beams with prestressed basalt composite reinforcements were demonstrated through stabilisation of the prestress losses and the values obtained for bearing capacity, deflection, and the width of the opening of the inter-bay construction joints and the deformations of the metal reinforcements and the basalt composite reinforcements. The bearing capacity of the investigated reinforced concrete beams reinforced with external transverse reinforcements was increased 1.4–2.5 times over that of the variants reinforced with longitudinal prestressed basal composite reinforcements. Furthermore, in this study, the impacts of static loads and seismic effects with a magnitude greater than 8 on the run-of-river hydroelectric power plant powerhouse were calculated based on dynamic design theory. Regarding applications to hydroelectric power plant structures and constructions, for which it is not always possible to determine the location of compressed or tensile zones during their operation nor under seismic action, our research results are suggestive of a reasonably positive effect.
Impact-Driven Penetration of Multi-Strength Fiber Concrete Pyramid-Prismatic Piles
Authors: Bekbasarov Isabai , Shanshabayev Nurzhan , Atenov Yerlan
Published: November 2024

The article focuses on studying the impact-driven penetration of multi-strength fibroconcrete pyramid-prismatic piles. The research object includes multi-strength pyramid-prismatic piles with varying types of reinforcement and different levels of concrete compressive strength. The aim of the study is to experimentally investigate the enhancement of pile impact resistance through the differentiated selection of concrete strength based on the dynamic stresses in the pile shaft caused by impact forces. As a result of the experimental studies on the piles, it was found that the difference in energy costs for driving them does not exceed 3.7–4.1%, proving the insignificant influence of the type of reinforcement and fiber concrete strength on the energy expenditure during driving. At the same time, it was established that the type of reinforcement and the type of fiber significantly affect the strength and impact-resistant properties of the pile shaft, ensuring defect-free driving. For example, the defectiveness (e.g., chips, cracks, potholes, spalling) of the head of the steel fiber concrete (SFC) pile reaches 57.5%, while for the polypropylene fiber concrete (PFC) pile it does not exceed 5.2%, demonstrating the advantages of using polypropylene fiber under impact conditions.
A Numerical Study of Dynamic Behaviors of Graphene-Platelet-Reinforced ETFE Tensile Membrane Structures Subjected to Harmonic Excitation
Authors: Wang Yu , Gu Jiajun , Zhang Xin , Fan Jian , Ji Wenbin , Feng Chuang
Published: November 2024

This study presents a numerical investigation of the dynamic behavior of graphene platelet (GPL)-reinforced ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) tensile membrane structures subjected to harmonic excitation. Modal and harmonic response analyses were performed to assess both the natural frequencies and the dynamic responses of the ETFE membrane. GPLs were employed as the reinforcements to enhance the mechanical properties of the membrane materials, whose Young’s modulus was predicted through the effective medium theory (EMT). Parametric studies were conducted to examine the impact of pre-strain and the attributes of the GPL reinforcements, including weight fraction and aspect ratio, on the natural frequencies and amplitude–frequency response curves of the membrane structure. The first natural frequency substantially increased from 5.46 Hz without initial strain to 31.0 Hz with the application of 0.1% initial strain, resulting in a frequency shift that moved the natural frequency out of the range of typical wind-induced pulsations. Embedding GPL fillers into ETFE membrane was another potential solution to enhance the dynamic stability of the membrane structure, with a 1% addition of GPLs resulting in a 48.6% increase in the natural frequency and a 45.1% reduction in resonance amplitude. GPLs with larger aspect ratios provided better reinforcement, offering a means to fine-tune the membrane’s dynamic response. These results underscore that by strategically adjusting both pre-strain levels and GPL characteristics, the membrane’s dynamic behavior can be optimized, offering a promising approach for improving the stability of structures subjected to wind-induced loads.
Perirenal Fat CT Radiomics-Based Survival Model for Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: Integrating Texture Features with Clinical Predictors
Authors: Al Mopti Abdulrahman , Alqahtani Abdulsalam , Alshehri Ali H. D. , Li Chunhui , Nabi Ghulam
Published: November 2024

Background: Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) presents significant challenges in prognostication due to its rarity and complex anatomy. This study introduces a novel approach integrating perirenal fat (PRF) radiomics with clinical factors to enhance prognostic accuracy in UTUC. Methods: The study retrospectively analyzed 103 UTUC patients who underwent radical nephroureterectomy. PRF radiomics features were extracted from preoperative CT scans using a semi-automated segmentation method. Three prognostic models were developed: clinical, radiomics, and combined. Model performance was assessed using concordance index (C-index), time-dependent Area Under the Curve (AUC), and integrated Brier score. Results: The combined model demonstrated superior performance (C-index: 0.784, 95% CI: 0.707–0.861) compared to the radiomics (0.759, 95% CI: 0.678–0.840) and clinical (0.653, 95% CI: 0.547–0.759) models. Time-dependent AUC analysis revealed the radiomics model’s particular strength in short-term prognosis (12-month AUC: 0.9281), while the combined model excelled in long-term predictions (60-month AUC: 0.8403). Key PRF radiomics features showed stronger prognostic value than traditional clinical factors. Conclusions: Integration of PRF radiomics with clinical data significantly improves prognostic accuracy in UTUC. This approach offers a more nuanced analysis of the tumor microenvironment, potentially capturing early signs of tumor invasion not visible through conventional imaging. The semi-automated PRF segmentation method presents advantages in reproducibility and ease of use, facilitating potential clinical implementation.
Survival and Treatment Outcomes in Gastric Cancer Patients with Brain Metastases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sur Daniel , Turcu-Stiolică Adina , Moraru Emil , Lungulescu Cristian Virgil , Lungulescu Cristina , Iovanescu Vlad , Popa Petrica
Published: November 2024

Background: Brain metastases (BM) from gastric cancer (GC) are rare but associated with poor prognosis, significantly impacting patient survival and quality of life. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to consolidate existing research on BM from GC, evaluate the incidence and clinical outcomes, and explore the effectiveness of treatment options. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across the Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, following PRISMA guidelines. Eighteen high-quality studies, as per the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale, were included, encompassing 70,237 GC patients, of whom 621 developed BM. Data on progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), neurological symptoms, and HER2 status were analyzed using a random-effects model. Results: The incidence of BM in GC patients was found to be 2.29% (95% CI: 1.06–3.53%), with the range extending from 0.47% to 7.79% across studies. HER2-positive status was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of developing BM, with an odds ratio of 43.24 (95% CI: 2.05–913.39; p = 0.02), although this finding was based on limited data. The surgical resection of BM was linked to significantly improved survival outcomes, with a mean difference in OS of 12.39 months (95% CI: 2.03–22.75; p = 0.02) compared to non-surgical approaches. Conclusions: The surgical resection of brain metastases in GC patients significantly enhances overall survival, while HER2-positive patients may show a higher risk for developing BM. These findings underscore the importance of tailored therapeutic approaches for GC patients with BM.
A Proposal for a Simple Subclassification of Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Systemic Treatment
Authors: Imai Norihiro , Yamamoto Takafumi , Mizuno Kazuyuki , Yokoyama Shinya , Yamamoto Kenta , Ito Takanori , Ishizu Yoji , Kuzuya Teiji , Honda Takashi , Ishikawa Tetsuya , Kawashima Hiroki
Published: November 2024

Objectives: This study focused on the presence or absence of vascular invasion and extrahepatic metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and examined their impact on systemic treatment outcomes. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 362 patients with unresectable HCC who received first-line systemic therapy. The prognostic evaluation was based on the presence of vascular invasion and extrahepatic metastasis at the time of treatment initiation. Results: Patients with vascular invasion or extrahepatic metastasis (advanced group) had significantly worse outcomes than those without these features (intermediate group), with median survival times of 434 and 658 days, respectively. Further subdivision of the advanced group into three categories—patients with only extrahepatic metastasis (m group, n = 77), patients with only vascular invasion (v group, n = 78), and patients with both vascular invasion and extrahepatic metastasis (vm group, n = 52)—revealed that the m group had significantly better outcomes than those in the other two groups, with median survival times of 649, 323, and 187 days, respectively. A comparison of the clinical backgrounds among the three groups demonstrated that the m group had significantly better liver function at the time of treatment initiation than that in the other two groups. Multivariable analysis, including performance status, Child–Pugh score, and the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors as first-line therapy, identified the m group as an independent and significant prognostic factor (hazard ratio, 0.50). Conclusions: Unresectable HCC with extrahepatic metastasis and no vascular invasion represents a novel staging category for systemic treatment.
Heterogeneous Formation of DNA Double-Strand Breaks and Cell-Free DNA in Leukemia T-Cell Line and Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Response to Topoisomerase II Inhibitors
Authors: Linke Christian , von Hänisch Thilo , Schröder Julia , Dammermann Werner , Deckert Peter Markus , Reinwald Mark , Schwarzlose-Schwarck Sandra
Published: November 2024

Background: Improving precision medicine in chemotherapy requires highly sensitive and easily applicable diagnostic tools. In addition, non-invasive molecular real-time monitoring of cytotoxic response is highly desirable. Here, we employed the kinetics of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in a cell model of topoisomerase II-inhibitors in T cell leukemia (Jurkat cells) compared to normal cells (peripheral blood mononuclear cells, PBMCs). Methods: We applied automated microscopy to quantify immuno-stained phosphorylated H2AX (γH2AX) as a marker for either DNA damage response (DDR) or cell death and quantitative PCR-based analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial cfDNA concentrations. Results: Jurkat cells displayed a DDR to cytotoxic drug treatment significantly earlier than PBMCs, and etoposide (ETP) induced DSB formation faster than doxorubicin (DOX) in both Jurkat and PBMCs. Jurkat cells exhibited an earlier cytotoxic response compared to PBMC, with a significantly increased mitochondrial cfDNA formation after 2 h of DOX application. In PBMCs, increased cell death was detected after 4 h of incubation with ETP, whereas DOX treatment was less effective. Conclusions: Both automated microscopy and mitochondrial cfDNA quantification analysis indicate that (malignant) Jurkat cells are more sensitive to DOX than (healthy) PBMC. Our real-time approach can improve DDR inducing drug selection and adaptation in cancer therapy and aids in decisions for optimal patient biosampling.