bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação do Potencial de Técnicas Adaptativas Conjugadas para Software DSMs
Authors: Castro M. C. S. de , Amorim C. L. de
Published: January 2023

Neste artigo descrevemos um novo modelo de máquina de estados, denominado FSM (Finite State Machine) que permite a identificação precisa e detalhada dos padrões de compartilhamento de memória das aplicações quando executadas em sistemas software DSM. A FSM é baseada em eventos de coerência registrados em tempo de execução e oferece as vantagens de não aumentar o número de mensagens do protocolo DSM, não ser intrusiva à aplicação e ser transparente ao programador. Avaliamos a eficácia da FSM em melhorar o desempenho de técnicas adaptativas em TreadMarks utilizando seis aplicações representativas dos benchmarks NAS e SPLASH-2. O desempenho dessas aplicações, num sistema simulado com 16 processadores, revelou que os padrões gerados pela FSM permitem que técnicas adaptativas sejam exploradas mais eficazmente por TreadMarks, reduzindo seu overhead em até 58,7%.
Aplicação do Processamento Paralelo em Problemas de Predição de Fenômenos Meteorológicos: O Problema da Frente Fria
Authors: Galeano Rodrigo A. A. Ramos , Kaszkurewicz Eugenius , Falcão Djalma M.
Published: January 2023

O presente trabalho apresenta os resultados computacionais de simulações numéricas de um problema relacionado à evolução de uma frente fria, com ênfase na paralelização do método numérico empregado. Os estudos experimentais indicam o sucesso da paralelização proposta com a obtenção de tempos de processamento reduzidos.
An Implementation of a Hopfield Network Kernel on EARTH
Authors: Amaral José N. , Gao Guang , Tang Xinan
Published: January 2023

EARTH is a multithreaded program execution and architecture model that hides communication and synchronization latencies through fine-grain multithreading. EARTH provides a simple synchronization mechanism: a thread is spawned when a pre-specified number of synchronization signals are received in its synchronization slot - signaling the fact that all dependences required for its execution are satisfied. This simple synchronization mechanism is an essential primitive in Threaded-C — a multithreaded language designed to program applications on EARTH. The EARTH synchronization mechanism has been efficiently implemented on a number of computer platforms, and has played an essential role in the support of a large number of parallel applications on EARTH. An interesting open question has been: is such a simple mechanism sufficient to satisfy the synchronization needs of the large set of applications that EARTH can implement? Or could the EARTH programming model benefit from the implementation of more elaborate synchronization mechanism? In such case, what are the benefits and tradeoffs of adding this mechanisms to EARTH? This paper describes the implementation of I-structures under the EARTH execution and architecture model. An I-structure is a data structure that allows for the implementation of a lenient computation model. A read operation can be issued to an element of an I-structure before it is known that the corresponding write operation has produced the value. We also introduce a new parallel kernel based on the Hopfield Network and demonstrate how the I-structure support on EARTH can be utilized. We finish presenting a complete Threaded-C program to solve the Hopfield kernel is also presented.
Avaliação de uma Estratégia Cooperativa para Gerência de Memória em Ambientes de Alto Desempenho com Multiprogramação
Authors: Midorikawa Edson Toshimi , Sato Líria Matsumoto
Published: January 2023

Nenhuma da soluções propostas para o problema dos sistemas de memória dos modernos computadores de alto desempenho apresenta um enfoque integrado. São técnicas que resolvem eficientemente apenas algum aspecto particular do problema geral. Atualmente, os fabricantes têm começado a oferecer suporte a multiprogramação temporal e espacial em suas máquinas paralelas. Este trabalho procura apresentar nossas pesquisas em uma estratégia que procura abordar, de uma maneira integrada, o problema dos acessos à memória em ambientes de alto desempenho com suporte a multiprogramação. Os resultados obtidos mostram que é possível fazer uso mais eficiente da memória que as estratégias tradicionais.
Assessment of Techniques for Contact-Pair Detection in Solid Mechanics
Authors: Quaranta F. , Alves J. L. D.
Published: January 2023

This work presents some basic concepts of a technique used for modeling contact-impact problems between deformable solids through penalized finite element formulation handling the impenetrability condition and conserving momentum. This technique uses the concept of discrete particles and provides a way to treat general contact configurations due an automatic search for the elements involved in the phenomenon. An efficiency analysis of different algorithms used in this search is also presented. The algorithms studied were used in a finite element code, developed at PEC/COPPE, for explicit transient analysis of the non-linear behavior of axyssimetric solids.
Aplicação de um método de imersão para problemas matricias no hipercubo
Authors: Takemoto C. Y. , Song S. W.
Published: January 2023

Este artigo não possui resumo.
Aspectos do Comportamento Espaço-temporal de Programas Funcionais em Uni e Multiprocessadores
Authors: Souza Francisco Vieira de , Lins Rafael Dueire
Published: January 2023

This paper analyses the performance of two of the most important techniques for automatic dynamic memory management in lazy functional languages. Our results show that, as garbage, collection enforces data locality, it is cheaper to garbage collect than to avoid it by increasing heap size. We observed this behaviour both in uni and multiprocessors running on operating systems with virtual memory.
Análises Experimentais de uma Implementação Eficiente de um Algoritmo Paralelo para a Geração de Arranjos de Sufixos
Authors: Cristo M. A. P. , Kitajima J. P.
Published: January 2023

Este artigo apresenta experimentos feitos com uma implementação de um algoritmo paralelo para a geração de Arranjos de Sufixos. O algoritmo analisado é uma variação de um algoritmo baseado no hyperquicksort. Os experimentos mostram que pequenas modificações na idéia originalmente apresentada conduzem a uma versão bastante eficiente que permite, por exemplo, com 24 processadores, a geração de arranjos para textos de 400 MB em menos de dez minutos, ou seja, trinta e seis vezes mais rápido que a versão seqüencial.
Monitoração na Ferramenta VisualProg
Authors: Malacarne Juliano , Geyer Cláudio Fernando Resin
Published: January 2023

VisualProg [SCH96][SCH97) é uma ferramenta de programação de aplicações paralelas e distribuídas que permite ao programador especificar visualmente a sua aplicação. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os mecanismos de monitoração usados para visualizar os programas gerados por esta ferramenta. Através da análise das mensagens e utilização dos processadores, a visualização ajuda o programador a melhorar o desempenho da sua aplicação.
Uso da Técnica STU para Avaliação do Desempenho de Bibliotecas Intervalares
Authors: Sagula Rafael Linden , Diverio Tiarajú Asmuz , Netto João Cesar
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we present the STU (Standard Time Unit) technique, which is used with performance avaluation of interval software packages. Comparisons were done using a classic aproach to benchmarks and the results have been showed. lnterval libraries are evaluated using the STU method and the obtained results right the problems caused by the usage of different environments.
Um Modelo RPDE para Busca Antecipada de Dados num Multiprocessador Baseado em um Simples Nó SMP
Authors: Moreno Edward D. , Kofuji Sergio T.
Published: January 2023

Neste artigo apresenta-se um modelo em Redes de Petri para a técnica de Busca Antecipada de Dados (BAD), especificamente para BAD baseada em hardware e conhecida na literatura como seqüencial e fixa. O modelo permite avaliar o desempenho num nó SMP de quatro processadores ligados através de um barramento. Os resultados mostram que BAD igual a um bloco de cache aumema a performance do nó e explora melhor os seus recursos.
Performance Study of a Multithreaded Superscalar Microprocessor
Authors: Gulati Manu , Bagherzadeh Nader
Published: January 2023

This paper describes a technique for improving the performance of a superscalar processor through multithreading. The technique exploits the instruction-level parallelism avaliable both inside each individual stream, and across streams. The former is exploited through out-of-order execution of instructions within a stream, and the latter through execution of instructions from different streams simultaneously. Aspects of multithreaded superscalar design, such as fetch policy, cache performance, instruction scheduling, and functional unit utilization are studied. We analyze performance based on the simulation of a superscalar architecture and show that it is possible to provide support for multiple streams with minimal extra hardware, yet achieving significant performance gain (20 • 55%) across a range of benchmarks.
TFPS: Um Sistema de Pré-processamento de Traces para Auxiliar na Visualização de Programas Paralelos
Authors: Stringhini Denise , Navaux Phillippe O. A.
Published: January 2023

Este artigo apresenta a ferramenta TFPS - Trace File Preprocessor System, que tem como principal objetivo a visualização de programas paralelos desenvolvidos em PVM. O propósito desta visualização é a análise de desempenho de tais programas, assim como a observação de seu comportamento geral. Apesar de demonstrar aspectos fisicos da máquina virtual montada pelo PVM, a ferramenta se concentra na visualização de aspectos lógicos da aplicação paralela. O diferencial em relação a outras ferramentas deste tipo é a utilização do arquivo de trace antes da fase de animação. Em geral, esta fase da visualização se utiliza do trace apenas para extrair os eventos que serão demonstrados. A proposta do TFPS é a extração de características próprias da aplicação antes da fase de animação. Estas características são usadas para a montagem das janelas de visualização. O objetivo é apresentar janelas praticamente "personalizadas", de acordo com as características próprias da aplicação que será analisada.
Análise do custo de comunicação em aglomerados de estações
Authors: Senger Hermes , Sato Líria Matsumoto
Published: January 2023

Este trabalho apresenta algumas características relacionadas com o custo de comunicação em aglomerados de estações de trabalho, utilizadas para o processamento distribuído. A influência do aumento da largura de banda e do uso de diferentes tamanhos de mensagens sobre o custo de comunicação é avaliada.
MEPA: Arquitetura Educacional para Execução em Pascal
Authors: Serra Tatiana Gadelha , Silva Ivan Saraiva , Souza Galileu Batista de
Published: January 2023

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal desenvolver modelos de arquiteturas de computadores que atendam ao tema de ensino e treinamento na área de Arquitetura de Computadores e Software Básico. Para tomar isso possível, foi escolhida uma máquina que se mostrou mais conveniente aos fins desse projeto, sendo a partir daí, desenvolvida uma microarquitetura que atendesse as definições macroarquiteturais encontradas. Além disso, a implementação comportamental e estrutural, bem como simulações utilizando a microarquitetura desenvolvida, estão previstos e serão descritos ao longo desse relatório.
Arquitetura PRAM: Estudo de Viabilidade
Authors: Lai Helena , Silva Ivan Saraiva
Published: January 2023

A arquitetura paralela surgiu com o intuito de se acabar com o gargalo de von Neumman, permitindo a realização de várias instruções em um mesmo ciclo. Modelos teóricos de tais arquiteturas são muitas vezes utilizados antes de sua construção, pois elimina preocupações com restrições físicas e detalhes de implementação. Trabalhou-se aqui com o modelo CRCW-PRAM, tratando-se os acessos simultâneos à sua memória compartilhada, de forma que não existam problemas de coerência.
Gut Ding will Weile haben?
Authors: Beckmann Janna , Lohse Katharina
Published: January 2023

Noch in dieser Legislaturperiode soll das Kinder- und Jugendstärkungsgesetz (KJSG) verabschiedet werden. Ziele sind: Verbesserung des Kinderschutzes, Stärkung der Rechte von Kindern und Jugendlichen, die in Pflegefamilien oder Einrichtungen leben, Einführung einer einheitlichen Zuständigkeit der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe für alle Kinder mit und ohne Behinderung, sowie Stärkung von Prävention und Beteiligung. Im Folgenden werden die geplanten Neuregelungen überblicksartig vorgestellt.
The Role of Blood Groups in Health Anxiety, Marital Adjustment, and Quality of Life in Nurses
Authors: Gordahani Asiyeh , Tamini Bahman Kord
Published: January 2023

Background: This study aimed to determine the effect of blood groups on dyadic adjustment, quality of life, and health anxiety in nurses. Methods: In this causal-comparative research, 200 married nurses working in the health care centers of Iranshahr City were selected by simple random sampling using Cochran's sample size formula in 2019. Data were collected using Spinner's marital adjustment questionnaire, War and Sherborn's quality of life questionnaire, and Salkovskis' health anxiety inventory. Results: To investigate the difference among the groups, SPSS was applied, and multivariate and one-way analyses of variance were run. Among the subscales of dyadic adjustment, only the mean score of dyadic cohesion was higher in blood group A than in groups B and AB. Among the subscales of life quality, the mean score of affective role play was higher in blood group A than in groups B and AB, the mean score of social function was lower in blood group B than in blood group O, and the mean score of general health was higher in blood group A than in group B. However, the mean score of health anxiety was lower in blood group A than in blood group B. Conclusions: Given the relationship between health anxiety, marital compatibility, and quality of life with blood types among married nurses, the present study results can help increase people's awareness about at-risk blood types. As a result, vulnerable groups can be screened and trained to improve their lifestyles, healthy behavior, and environment to live a better life.
Produktivní kultura vyučování a učení v didaktických kazuistikách
Authors: Janík Tomáš , Slavík Jan , Češková Tereza , Budínová Irena , Minaříková Eva , Najvar Petr , Bartoňová Markéta , Ferdiánová Věra , Feřt Lukáš , Horniaková Michaela , Hošpesová Alena , Husák Jan , Jáč Martin , Kohout Jiří , Konečná Petra , Kričfaluši Dana , Kuberská Markéta , Masopust Pavel , Mentlík Pavel , Nohavová Alena , Píšová Markéta , Rokos Lukáš , Stacke Václav , Štěpáník Stanislav , Tomešková Kateřina , Topolovská Tereza , Vavroš Michal , Vrhel Matěj
Published: January 2023

The book introduces the issue of productive culture of teaching and learning in broader didactical context. In the first part of the book, three areas of productive culture of teaching and learning are as theoretical framework presented: 1. clarity, structure, coherence, 2. cognitive activation, instrumentalization, semantization, 3. Supportive learning environment. The second part of the book presents 17 didactic case studies that have been developed by teams that consisted of researchers and teachers from schools. The aim of didactic case studies is to highlight key areas of productive culture of teaching and learning.
EFICIENCIA Y COMPETITIVIDAD MEDIANTE EL COMPROMISO ÉTICO CORPORATIVO
Authors: Ramírez Marrero María Caridad
Published: January 2023

Tanto la ética corporativa como las relaciones laborales en cualquier organización son factores determinantes para el progreso interno y externo de todos los grupos de interés, así como la productividad de la organización y la consiguiente rentabilidad y eficacia. No obstante, la ética corporativa es un área importante en las prácticas empresariales, puesto que los altos estándares de esta pueden contribuir a la rentabilidad, al reducir el costo de las transacciones comerciales, creando una base de confianza con los interesados, contribuyendo a un entorno interno del trabajo en equipo exitoso y el mantenimiento del capital social que es parte de la imagen de mercado de una organización. Por ello, es necesario implementar el compromiso ético corporativo como eje fundamental para incrementar los niveles de eficiencia, lealtad, competitividad y calidad. Por ello, es necesario establecer estructuras, procesos y medidas de rendimiento éticos en las organizaciones, no obstante, se denota que estos marcos éticos en el ámbito de la gestión de la cadena organizativa siguen siendo de carácter general, en los que no se ofrecen detalles específicos sobre cómo gestionar, supervisar y evaluar las cuestiones éticas corporativas. Por consiguiente, el presente estudio busca analizar cómo, a través del compromiso ético corporativo, se incrementan los niveles de eficiencia y competitividad en la organización.
Gestión del talento humano como estrategia para el óptimo desempeño laboral: Un estudio de revisión sistemática
Authors: Yupanqui Sierra Raúl
Published: January 2023

El óptimo desempeño laboral es un factor clave para el funcionamiento de las organizaciones empresariales, proceso que está concatenado con el área de gestión de talento humano (GTH). En ese sentido, el objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión sistemática sobre el desarrollo de la gestión de talento humano como estrategia en la optimización del desempeño laboral con el fin de realizar un diagnóstico de su progreso y efectividad en el campo laboral de América Latina. Para ello, se utilizó la metodología PRISMA. 2020, donde se evaluaron 25 artículos dentro del periodo (2014- 2022), los cuales evidencian que existe un alto desarrollo y efectividad de la GTH como estrategia organizacional en el desempeño laboral en América Latina, sin embargo, cabe mencionar que aún se presentan falencias en torno a su implementación debido a problemas de comunicación, administración y planificación de las áreas que componen las organizaciones.
PLANTAS MEDICINALES UTILIZADAS CON FINES DE PREVENCIÓN DURANTE LA PANDEMIA DE LA COVID-19 EN PERÚ: UNA REVISIÓN
Authors: Juan Gabriel Laura Canchari  , Rosa Nancy Jesús Solorzano
Published: January 2023

A la fecha se han reportado 1400 especies de plantas de uso medicinal, que, a pesar del tiempo, mantienen su efectividad y son aceptadas por el 80 % de la población. Frente a la pandemia, se ha recurrido al uso de diferentes tipos de plantas con potencial antiviral con el propósito de proteger y estimular el sistema inmune. A pesar de que la medicina convencional presenta grandes avances, aún hay una gran parte de la población que emplea las plantas medicinales, hecho que se ha evidenciado más en estos dos últimos años. Se han reportado diferentes estudios de acoplamiento molecular de especies de plantas medicinales, como el Allium sativum, que tienen gran potencial para inhibir el SARS-CoV-2; sin embargo, es necesario realizar mayores ensayos in vitro e in vivo para determinar su potencialidad. En ese contexto, la presente investigación busca explorar las potencialidades de las denominadas plantas medicinales con respecto a las enfermedades respiratorias virales; y se toma como caso de estudio a la COVID-19. Para ello, se realizó una revisión bibliométrica en las bases de datos Scopus, PudMed, Scielo, Sciencedirect y Web of Science, empleando palabras clave como herbal medicine, COVID-19, ethnobotany y traditional medicine.
IMPACTO DE LAS ACTIVIDADES ANTRÓPICAS EN LAS ÁREAS NATURALES PROTEGIDAS
Authors: Roldán Villanueva Omar Alexis
Published: January 2023

El objetivo del artículo fue investigar el impacto de las actividades antrópicas sobre las áreas naturales protegidas, así como conocer el tipo de actividades antrópicas que se realizan y estudiar los efectos que producen sobre las zonas de protección. Para lograr dicho cometido, se realizó una investigación cualitativa, específicamente, una de revisión bibliográfica, donde se abordó, de manera sucinta, bibliografía actualizada que versa sobre las actividades antrópicas en distintas áreas naturales protegidas, en gran parte desde estudios de la casuística peruana. Para ello se optó por el enfoque de la teoría fundamentada, del diseño en categorización y de la codificación abierta. La investigación concluye que las distintas actividades antrópicas que se pueden desarrollar en áreas naturales están vinculadas a un desarrollo económico que ve en las áreas naturales protegidas un escenario de rentabilidad. La ocupación humana, la minería, la agricultura, la ganadería, el transporte y los hidrocarburos son las actividades que tienen mayor presencia en los sectores declarados como áreas naturales protegidas, produciendo un cúmulo de alteraciones que terminan generando contaminación, deforestación y desaparición de un hábitat armonioso para la flora y fauna. Se termina demostrando que la acción humana sin control afecta completamente las áreas que se formulan para poder proteger y conservar la diversidad natural.
Valoración de residuos desechables y alimentos nativos
Authors: Guerrero Rojas José Jesús
Published: January 2023

En la actualidad, la industria agropecuaria ha recibido una gran demanda de residuos debido a consecuencias ambientales que han afectado la calidad de vida de cada individuo. Por ello, resulta importante que la gestión ambiental implemente estos residuos en un medio de aplicación, como es la conversión de desechos, a un valor agregado para la producción en la agricultura, ganadería, entre otras.Particularmente, el Perú, cuenta con diferentes variedades de alimentos nativos como la sacha inti, aguaymanto, camu camu, cañihua, que pueden ser revalorados; no obstante, se podrían agregar valores nutricionales a través de formulaciones innovadoras para la población, así como implementarlas en la industria alimentaria. Por lo mencionado, esta edición de la revista Innova Biology Sciences presenta diferentes alternativas de productos desechables para su conservación, con la intención de revalorar los alimentos nativos del Perú y otorgarle un valor agregado para el consumidor.
Innovación de productos alimentarios de la Sacha Inchi: Una revisión
Authors: Caycho Valencia Felix Alberto , Rivas Condezo Nicoll Alexandra
Published: January 2023

La Sacha Inchi es una planta oleaginosa y destaca por sus beneficios a la salud su composición en su mayoría de aceites, la convierten en atractivo principal como medio para ser implementado en productos alimenticios. Por ese motivo, se pretende realizar una revisión no sistemática con el objetivo de analizar y describir la innovación de productos alimentarios de la sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis). El presente trabajo fue de naturaleza cualitativa y el diseño de investigación fue documental, ya que se basa en la revisión de la literatura existente. Por eso se utilizó la revisión bibliográfica de ocho artículos de investigación que explican el avance en los productos alimentarios de la Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis). Se concluye que la sacha inchi puede sustituir diferentes productos que contienen componentes nocivos para la salud, el aceite proveniente de las semillas de Sacha Inchi contienen un nivel proteico mayor a comparación de otros aceites esenciales, lo cual genera un alimento de mayor calidad nutricional. La incorporación de la sacha inchi ya sea en pasta, aceite o como harina ocasiona un índice positivo en el bienestar de los individuos, en la presente revisión se analizó su integración en el chocolate amargo, tortas, hamburguesas, harinas, mayonesa y galleta.
Matalaché (1928): Una crítica de la sociedad colonial y el prejuicio racial.
Authors: Quispe-Farfán Gabriela A. , Rivas Condezo Nicoll Alexandra
Published: January 2023

Mataché (1928) escrito por Enrique López Albújar, muestra los más profundos problemas de la sociedad colonial como consecuencia de los prejuicios raciales, característicos de la época. Esta investigación desarrolla una crítica del colonialismo y los prejuicios producto de una civilización regida por la discriminación, para ello se realiza un trabajo de interpretación y análisis de los principales puntos enfatizados en la novela histórica, finalizando con la conceptualización e importancia de la libertad de los esclavos. De igual manera, la relevancia del amor como medio para superar cualquier barrera ocasionado por las brechas sociales, por último, se efectúa una observación sobre el impacto que produce la obra narrativa en el público de esa época.
Importancia de la educación bilingüe del idioma Quechua en el desarrollo nacional del Perú
Authors: Torres Verano Hermelinda Azucena , Romero Sanabria Diego Fernando
Published: January 2023

El objetivo de este artículo fue explorar la importancia del idioma quechua y la educación bilingüe en el desarrollo del Perú. Los objetivos específicos de la investigación fueron: a) Mencionar las experiencias desarrolladas de educación bilingüe en lenguas originarias desarrolladas en el Perú; b) Explorar la importancia del quechua en la sociedad; c) Explorar la importancia del quechua en la economía. Se han encontrado en el Perú insuficientes experiencias o políticas públicas de educación bilingüe o multilingüeacorde con la actualidad del conocimiento de la lingüística y de las necesidades culturales del país. La importancia del quechua no solo radica en la población que lo habla sino en el efecto enriquecedor tanto cultural como de conocimiento que causa enun país multilingüístico y multicultural como el Perú. Se concluye que un idioma como pieza central en una sociedad y cultura no está ajeno al modelo económico actual, por lo cual todo gobierno debe dar una importancia sustancial al desarrollo de la investigación lingüística de los idiomas que se hablan dentro de su territorio y proveerles de capacidad de integración a las cadenas productivas y al comercio internacional con el objetivo de aprovechar el potencial de la industria cultural.
Climate Change, Cutaneous Disease, and the Dermatology Provider
Authors: Belzer Annika , Rosenbach Misha
Published: January 2023

Climate change is a public health crisis with pervasive repercussions on health. The integumentary system faces greater exposure to the external environment than any other organ system. Cutaneous disease is therefore significantly impacted by climate change-related factors. This includes but is not limited to global warming, oceanic warming, air pollution, stratospheric ozone depletion, and extreme weather events, as well as secondary effects of climate change such as mass migration and overcrowding. Dermatology providers must understand the intersection of climate change and skin health in order to appropriately diagnose and manage cutaneous disease.
Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0)
Authors: Tabassi Elham
Published: January 2023

As directed by the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (P.L. 116-283), the goal of the AI RMF is to offer a resource to the organizations designing, developing, deploying, or using AI systems to help manage the many risks of AI and promote trustworthy and responsible development and use of AI systems. The Framework is intended to be voluntary, rights-preserving, non-sector specific, and use-case agnostic, providing flexibility to organizations of all sizes and in all sectors and throughout society to implement the approaches in the Framework. The AI RMF is intended to be practical, to adapt to the AI landscape as AI technologies continue to develop, and to be operationalized by organizations in varying degrees and capacities so society can benefit from AI while also being protected from its potential harms.
Cadrage des modèles de régulation du cannabis : entre concurrence et complémentarité
Authors: Lévesque Gabriel
Published: January 2023

Contexte et objectif : Au cours de la dernière décennie, une vague sans précédent de légalisations du cannabis a eu lieu. Plusieurs travaux sur cet enjeu s’intéressent à sa dimension réglementaire, dans une démarche favorisant le débat sur les meilleurs moyens d’encadrer la production, la vente et la consommation de cannabis. Un nombre plus restreint d’études s’intéresse aux discours entourant la légalisation du cannabis. Parmi ces dernières, aucune à notre connaissance ne tente de raccrocher l’analyse du discours aux conceptualisations de son encadrement. Cet article a pour objectif de combler cette faille.

Question de recherche et méthodologie : Nous posons la question de recherche suivante : comment diverses visions de la réglementation du cannabis se reflètent-elles dans les discours entourant les politiques de légalisation du cannabis ? Pour répondre à cette question, nous procédons à l’analyse comparative de cadrage des débats parlementaires et des mémoires en commissions au Québec (projet de loi no2) et en Ontario (projet de loi no 36) lors de la reformulation de leur politique initiale de légalisation. La grille d’analyse de cadrage est formée à partir d’une typologie des modèles de régulation du cannabis proposée par Beauchesne (2020).

Résultats et implications : Nous montrons en premier lieu que la nature des cadres utilisés et les modèles types de la régulation dont ils témoignent varient en fonction des cas d’étude et des acteurs en présence. Nous montrons en second lieu que plusieurs modèles de régulation sont mobilisés au sein des discours de manière à la fois concurrente et complémentaire. En somme, l’article permet de souligner en quoi le cadrage des politiques en matière de drogues est de nature stratégique, dans un espace de débats où plusieurs visions de l’enjeu tentent de prévaloir.
Metavers i NFT, nous reptes tecnològics en la imposició indirecta i internacional
Authors: Belda Ignasi
Published: January 2023

Aquest article analitza i desenvolupa les implicacions tributàries de dos conceptes emergents dels últims mesos: el metavers i els NFT. Pel que fa al metavers, s’analitza la tributació de quatre negocis digitals que es poden donar al seu si, com la publicitat digital, el comerç electrònic, la compravenda de dades d’usuari i la compravenda d’objectes digitals a través dels NFT, i tot plegat es lliga amb el concepte jurídic de nexe o punt de connexió. D’altra banda, s’estudia i es profunditza en el cas concret dels NFT i, en concret, la seua subjecció i qualificació fiscal de cara a l’impost sobre el valor afegit, d’acord amb una consulta vinculant recent emesa per la Direcció General de Tributs. L’article, a més, compara les normatives nord-americana i europea i els reptes tributaris que s’obren d’acord amb les interpretacions que ofereixen les autoritats tributàries, a saber, la violació del principi de neutralitat en el mercat de l’art i el clar desincentiu indirecte que imposa el legislador europeu a domiciliar empreses de compravenda d’NFT en territori europeu.
Yedoma. Part 1. Annals of geocryological research in the XIX-XX centuries
Authors: Vasil'chuk Yurij Kirillovich
Published: January 2023

The subject of the study is the yedoma i.e. perennially frozen organic-bearing ("1–2% of Corg) and ice-rich (containing 50–90 vol. % of excess ice) silty, sandy loam and fine sand deposit of Late Pleistocene age. Yedoma with multi-stages syngenetic ice wedges (up to 15–20 meters high and up to 3.5 m wide) aged from 11.7 to 50 cal. ca BP often saturated with rock debris and gravel inclusions in intermountain basins and river deltas. The most famous regions of the Siberia, where yedoma is widespread, are the Kolyma and Yana-Indigirka lowlands, the New Siberian Islands, Lena and Vilyui River valley, Lena-Anabar, Anabar-Khatanga and Magadan regions, Yamal, Gydan and Taimyr Peninsula, Olekma, Biryusa valleys. In Alaska, these are slump on the Itkillik River and the Fox Permafrost Tunnel. Yedoma of the Klondike are known in the Yukon. Sections with large ground ice in yedoma were first described in the early 19th century on the Alaska and the New Siberian Islands, the idea of syngenetic accumulation of permafrost arose in the late 19th - early 20th centuries, the mechanism of syngenetic formation of yedoma was described in the middle of the 20th century. In the end of 20th century, studies of yedoma reached a new level. The oxygen and deuterium stable isotopes study of ice wedges together with radiocarbon ages of ice wedges gave the possibility to reconstruct the winter paleotemperature during yedoma formation. It was established the different genesis of yedoma also.
Organization of educational and patriotic work with cadets of the Irkutsk Fire Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR in 1970.
Authors: Vasil'ev Mikhail Aleksandrovich
Published: January 2023

The subject of the research is the peculiarities of educational and patriotic work with cadets of the Irkutsk Fire Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR in 1970. A brief analysis of the development and transformation of this type of educational activity is given on the example of the work of structural training units of a fire school. The role and list of staff of the command and teaching staff who carried out educational and patriotic work with cadets during the activity of the educational institution are indicated. The research methodology includes a concrete historical approach (M.V. Astakhov, I.D. Kovalchenko, V.F. Kolomiytsev, A.P. Pronstein, etc.), as well as generalization, comparison, synthesis, classification, specification; analysis of archival documents, legislation and scientific literature; retrospective analysis; method of historical analogies. The novelty of this scientific article lies in the fact that during the scientific research, historical sources, archival data describing in detail the history of the formation and development of educational and patriotic work in the Irkutsk Fire Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR have been identified and summarized. The conducted research is of interest to a wide range of readers, since the study of educational-patriotic, educational-pedagogical, structural-organizational and service activities in educational institutions of fire protection of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR is a very important component in the study of the formation and development of departmental education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR on the territory of the Baikal region in the 20th century.
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences from 33 globally distributed mosquito species for improved metagenomics and species identification
Authors: Koh Cassandra , Frangeul Lionel , Blanc Hervé , Ngoagouni Carine , Boyer Sébastien , Dussart Philippe , Grau Nina , Girod Romain , Duchemin Jean-Bernard , Saleh Maria-Carla
Published: January 2023

Total RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is an important tool in the study of mosquitoes and the RNA viruses they vector as it allows assessment of both host and viral RNA in specimens. However, there are two main constraints. First, as with many other species, abundant mosquito ribosomal RNA (rRNA) serves as the predominant template from which sequences are generated, meaning that the desired host and viral templates are sequenced far less. Second, mosquito specimens captured in the field must be correctly identified, in some cases to the sub-species level. Here, we generate mosquito rRNA datasets which will substantially mitigate both of these problems. We describe a strategy to assemble novel rRNA sequences from mosquito specimens and produce an unprecedented dataset of 234 full-length 28S and 18S rRNA sequences of 33 medically important species from countries with known histories of mosquito-borne virus circulation (Cambodia, the Central African Republic, Madagascar, and French Guiana). These sequences will allow both physical and computational removal of rRNA from specimens during RNA-seq protocols. We also assess the utility of rRNA sequences for molecular taxonomy and compare phylogenies constructed using rRNA sequences versus those created using the gold standard for molecular species identification of specimens—the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene. We find that rRNA- and COI-derived phylogenetic trees are incongruent and that 28S and concatenated 28S+18S rRNA phylogenies reflect evolutionary relationships that are more aligned with contemporary mosquito systematics. This significant expansion to the current rRNA reference library for mosquitoes will improve mosquito RNA-seq metagenomics by permitting the optimization of species-specific rRNA depletion protocols for a broader range of species and streamlining species identification by rRNA sequence and phylogenetics.
Hurricane Sandy on New Jersey's Forgotten Shore
Authors: Perkiss Abigail
Published: January 2023

This book brings to life the individual and collective voices of a community: victims, volunteers, and state and federal agencies that came together to rebuild the Bayshore after the Superstorm Sandy in 2013. After the tumultuous night of October 29, 2012, the residents of Monmouth, Ocean, and Atlantic Counties faced an enormous and pressing question: What to do? The stories captured in this book encompass their answer to that question: the clean-up efforts, the work with governmental and non-governmental aid agencies, and the fraught choices concerning rebuilding. Through a rich and varied set of oral histories that provide perspective on disaster planning, response, and recovery in New Jersey, the book captures the experience of these individuals caught in between short-term preparedness initiatives that municipal and state governments undertook and the long-term planning decisions that created the conditions for catastrophic property damage. Through these stories, the book lays bare the ways that climate change and rising sea levels are creating critical vulnerabilities in the most densely populated areas in the nation, illuminating the human toll of disaster and the human capacity for resilience.
Liberty's Chain
Authors: Gellman David N.
Published: January 2023

This book shows how the Jay family, abolitionists and slaveholders alike, embodied the contradictions of the revolutionary age. The Jays of New York were a preeminent founding family. John Jay, diplomat, Supreme Court justice, and coauthor of the Federalist Papers, and his children and grandchildren helped chart the course of the Early American Republic. The book forges a new path for thinking about slavery and the nation's founding. John Jay served as the inaugural president of a pioneering antislavery society. His descendants, especially his son William Jay and his grandson John Jay II, embraced radical abolitionism in the nineteenth century, the cause most likely to rend the nation. The scorn of their elite peers—and racist mobs—did not deter their commitment to end southern slavery and to combat northern injustice. John Jay's personal dealings with African Americans ranged from callousness to caring. Across the generations, even as prominent Jays decried human servitude, enslaved people and formerly enslaved people served in Jay households. Abbe, Clarinda, Caesar Valentine, Zilpah Montgomery, and others lived difficult, often isolated, lives that tested their courage and the Jay family's principles. The personal and the political intersect in this saga, as the book charts American values transmitted and transformed from the colonial and revolutionary eras to the Civil War, Reconstruction, and beyond. The Jays, as well as those who served them, demonstrated the elusiveness and the vitality of liberty's legacy. This family story forces us to grapple with what we mean by patriotism, conservatism, and radicalism. Their story speaks directly to our own divided times.
Epilogue
Authors: Gellman David N.
Published: January 2023

This chapter traces Zachariah Walker's settlement to Pennsylvania, which embraced key features of post-Reconstruction American history. It details how Walker died in Coatesville as an angry mob prevented him from escaping a burning hospital and how members of the crowd collected parts of his charred remains as mementos after he succumbed to the flames. The investigation and trials that followed the gruesome death of Walker on August 13, 1911, produced not a single conviction. The chapter explores how the Coatesville atrocity linked the age of sail to the age of the internal combustion engine, the full span of the Jay family's engagement with slavery. In response to Zachariah Walker's lynching by the citizens of Coatesville, John Jay Chapman distilled his forebears' determination to assert universal principles in the face of horrifying truths.
Conclusion
Authors: Boczar Amanda
Published: January 2023

This concluding chapter offers a reframing of the diplomatic history of sexual encounters during the Vietnam War, which bridges the subfields of military history, gender history, foreign policy history, and social history under a transnational lens. Acknowledging the human experiences of war, both on and behind the front lines, improves the understanding of the entire enterprise. By treating the often caricatured subject as a serious topic deserving of dedicated analysis, studies of prostitution bring balance to the history of sexual and social policies during the Vietnam War. Ultimately, the human interactions at the core of this book shed light on the strained relations between the United States and South Vietnam. Negotiations between the two governments regarding sexual encounters revolved around their sometimes polarized desires for morale and morality, respectively. Practicing the policies on the ground, however, was a very different reality.
Unsettled Frontiers
Authors: Mahanty Sango
Published: January 2023

This book provides a fresh view of how resource frontiers evolve over time. Since the French colonial era, the Cambodia–Vietnam borderlands have witnessed successive waves of market integration, migration, and disruption. The region has been reinvented and depleted as new commodities are exploited and transplanted: from vast French rubber plantations to the enforced collectivization of the Khmer Rouge; from intensive timber extraction to contemporary crop booms. The volatility that follows these changes has often proved challenging to govern. The book explores the role of migration, land claiming, and expansive social and material networks in these transitions, which result in an unsettled frontier, always in flux, where communities continually strive for security within ruptured landscapes.
The Anarchist Inquisition
Authors: Bray Mark
Published: January 2023

This book explores the ground-breaking transnational human rights campaigns that emerged in response to a brutal wave of repression unleashed by the Spanish state to quash anarchist activities at the turn of the twentieth century. The book guides readers through this tumultuous era—from backroom meetings in Paris and torture chambers in Barcelona, to international antiterrorist conferences in Rome and human rights demonstrations in Buenos Aires. Anarchist bombings in theaters and cafes in the 1890s provoked mass arrests, the passage of harsh anti-anarchist laws, and executions in France and Spain. Yet, far from a marginal phenomenon, this first international terrorist threat had profound ramifications for the broader development of human rights, as well as modern global policing, and international legislation on extradition and migration. A transnational network of journalists, lawyers, union activists, anarchists, and other dissidents related peninsular torture to Spain's brutal suppression of colonial revolts in Cuba and the Philippines to craft a nascent human rights movement against the “revival of the Inquisition.” Ultimately their efforts compelled the monarchy to accede in the face of unprecedented global criticism. The book draws a vivid picture of the assassins, activists, torturers, and martyrs whose struggles set the stage for a previously unexamined era of human rights mobilization. Rather than assuming that human rights struggles and “terrorism” are inherently contradictory forces, the book analyzes how these two modern political phenomena worked in tandem to constitute dynamic campaigns against Spanish atrocities.
The Nature of the Religious Right
Authors: Pogue Neall W.
Published: January 2023

This book examines how white conservative evangelical Christians became a political force known for hostility toward environmental legislation. Before the 1990s, this group used ideas of nature to help construct the religious right movement while developing theologically based, eco-friendly philosophies that can be described as Christian environmental stewardship. On the twentieth anniversary of Earth Day in 1990, members of this conservative evangelical community tried to turn their eco-friendly philosophies into action. Yet this attempt was overwhelmed by a growing number in the leadership who made anti-environmentalism the accepted position through public ridicule, conspiracy theories, and cherry-picked science. Through analysis of rhetoric, political expediency, and theological imperatives, the book explains how ideas of nature played a role in constructing the conservative evangelical political movement, why Christian environmental stewardship was supported by members of the community for so long, and why they turned against it so decidedly beginning in the 1990s.
Separating Church and State
Authors: Green Steven K.
Published: January 2023

This book charts the career of the concept of separation of church and state and helps us understand how it has fallen into disfavor with many Americans. In 1802, President Thomas Jefferson distilled a leading idea in the early American republic and wrote of a wall of separation between church and state. That metaphor has come down from Jefferson to twenty-first-century Americans through a long history of jurisprudence, political contestation, and cultural influence. The book traces the development of the concept of separation of church and state and the Supreme Court's application of it in the law. It finds that conservative criticisms of a separation of church and state overlook the strong historical and jurisprudential pedigree of the idea. Yet, arguing with liberal advocates of the doctrine, the book notes that the idea remains fundamentally vague and thus open to loose interpretation in the courts. As such, the history of a wall of separation is more a variable index of American attitudes toward the forces of religion and state. Indeed, the book argues that the Supreme Court's use of the wall metaphor has never been essential to its rulings. The contemporary battle over the idea of a wall of separation has thus been a distraction from the real jurisprudential issues animating the contemporary courts.
Unfinished Spirit
Authors: Kennedy-Epstein Rowena
Published: January 2023

This book brings to light the extraordinary archive of Muriel Rukeyser's (1913–1980) unpublished and incomplete literary works, revealing the ways in which misogyny influences the kinds of texts we read and value. Despite her status today as an influential poet, much of Rukeyser's critical and feminist writing remained unfinished, suppressed by the sexism of editors, political censure, the withdrawal of funding and publishing contracts, as well the conditions of single motherhood and economic precarity. From Savage Coast, her novel of the Spanish Civil War to her photo-text collaboration with Berenice Abbott, essays on women writers, radio scripts, and biographies, this book traces the creation, reception, and rejection of Rukeyser's most ambitious texts—works that continued the radical, avant-garde project of modernism and challenged an increasingly hegemonic Cold War culture. Bound together by Rukeyser's radical vision of artistic creation and political engagement, these incomplete texts open a space to theorize the politics of the unfinished for understanding women's artistic production, reasserting the importance of the archive as a primary site of feminist criticism.