bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Facile fabrication of self-shrinkable AIE supramolecular gels based on benzophenone salicylaldehyde hydrazine derivatives
Authors: Ma Yao , Li Baoxi , Zhang Kexin , Wan Qing , Džolić Zoran , Wang Zhiming , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: September 2020

A novel molecular design strategy to give self-shrinkable AIE-active supramolecular gels with a variation in the morphology and an obvious emission enhancement via benzophenone salicylaldehyde hydrazine (BSH) derivatives was reported.
The Emergence of Solar Photovoltaic Technology in Indonesia: Winners and Losers
Authors: Qolbi Arriyadhul
Published: September 2020

As the solar energy technology has been more competitive recently, it is common to see studies which examined how solar photovoltaic can technically emerge in the energy system in Indonesia. However, less research is conducted to study how the emergence of solar photovoltaic might impact different stakeholders in the electricity market in Indonesia. The increase of solar photovoltaic deployment will create winners and losers among the main stakeholders which are: the consumers, the national electricity company (PLN), independent power producers (IPP), and the Government of Indonesia. This paper asserts that consumers in Indonesia who do not have access to the grid will get benefits from the solar photovoltaic competitive costs. The consumers who have access to grid, however, will be indifferent in their position. In the longer term, these consumers will face the death spiral unless PLN, forced by the regulation, takes the loss. PLN will face bankruptcy due to the loss unless they invest in the distributed energy resources infrastructure. IPP will not gain in position due to unsupportive government regulations. Moreover, solar photovoltaic IPP will be vulnerable due to the policies that support imbalanced competition among renewable energies. On the other hand, the government will get some advantages that support their political agenda during the proliferation of solar photovoltaic.
Effect of solar cell structure on the radiation resistance of an InP solar cell
Authors: Mazouz Halima , Belghachi Abderrahmane , Logerais Pierre-Olivier
Published: September 2020

Effects of electron irradiation-induced deep level defects have been studied on both n/p and p/n Indium Phosphide (InP) solar cells with very thin emitters. The simulation results reveal that the n/p structure offers a somewhat better short-circuit current and that the p/n structure renders an improved open-circuit voltage, not only before electron irradiation but also after 1 MeV electron irradiation with 5×1015 electrons per cm2 fluence. Further, the calculated findings highlight that the n/p solar cell structure is more resistant than that of a p/n structure.
Offshore Oilfield Hybrid Renewable Power Systems Based on AI Algorithm
Authors: Yu Qingguang , Jiang Zhicheng , Liu Yuming , Long Gaoxiang
Published: September 2020

This paper proposes a structural optimization model for the offshore oilfield interconnected power system. The model focuses on evaluating the reliability of the system. It is found that the N−1 fault is the primary fault mode leading to severe power loss due to the probability of fault occurrence and the fault consequence according to the statistics of the historical fault information of the offshore oilfield power system. Considering the characteristics of the offshore oil extraction process, the priority of load removal in different processes under different fault conditions is different. Comprehensively considering the above factors, the model uses the minimum load shedding model that considers the load priority level in the objective function to calculate the power outage losses in all N−1 fault states of the system. The test results of numerical examples prove that the optimized solution of the structural optimization model can achieve a better balance between economy and reliability.
Evaluation and techno-economic analysis of packed bed scrubber for ammonia recovery from drying fumes produced during the thermal drying of sewage sludge
Authors: Saud Ali , Havukainen Jouni , Mänttäri Mika , Horttanainen Mika
Published: September 2020

This study investigates the recovery of ammonia from drying fumes during thermal drying of sewage sludge with packed bed acid scrubbers to recover ammonia and to produce ammonium sulfate. The process is modelled for two concentrations, 75 and 100 ppm, and 1000m3/h inlet flowrate of drying fumes containing air and ammonia gas. It results in finding optimal parameters for scale-up of drying fumes during thermal drying of 7700t/a sewage sludge of Lappeenranta city. It is found that a single scrubber, with a 24000 m3/h of inlet gas and an ammonia concentration of 75 ppm, liquid to gas ratio of 1.5, temperature and pH of liquid acid as 100°C and 3 respectively, gives the efficiency of more than 99%, and reduces ammonia concentration in the outlet stream to 0.2 ppm. The capital cost is 290 k€, operating cost is 113k€/a, removal cost with and without revenue of ammonium sulfate is 20 €/t and 18 €/t of sludge. The packed bed acid scrubber would be suitable to remove ammonia in the drying fumes to recover ammonia from the drying fumes, but the initial economic analysis highlights that the production of commercial grade ammonium sulfate fertilizer would be an expensive option.
Organic matter removal via activated sludge immobilized gravel in fixed bed reactor
Authors: Sizirici Banu , Yildiz Ibrahim
Published: September 2020

In this study, the adsorption capability of the activated sludge immobilized gravel as a low-cost and efficient adsorbent to remove organic matter in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) from synthetic wastewater was investigated using fixed bed columns. The effects of parameters including column pack height and influent COD concentrations on removal efficiencies were assessed through breakthrough curves. It was found that the removal efficiency increased when fixed bed height was increased and influent COD concentration was decreased. The maximum COD removal rate of 36.35%, was obtained for a medium-strength wastewater sample with 1166 mg/L of COD concentration when the bed height was 2 cm, and the flow rate was 11 mL/min. Activated sludge immobilized gravel can be utilized as a low cost bio-filter to remove organic material from wastewater.
Evidence for electron-tunneling-limited Knudsen diffusion of mercury in phosphor layers and coatings of fluorescent lamps
Authors: Tidecks Reinhard
Published: September 2020

Recent experimental studies and modelling of the mercury loss (i.e. the mercury consumption) in fluorescent lamps yield diffusion coefficients of mobile mercury in phosphor layers and coatings, which are several orders of magnitude smaller than expected for a gas diffusion in a situation in which the mean free path of the diffusing particles is restricted by the pore radius in those materials (Knudsen diffusion). In the present work it is shown that the transition of mercury ions from the plasma to the Knudsen diffusion regime may be one reason for this observation. Another possibility is that only discharged ions from the plasma form the mercury oxide as which mercury is deposited in the phosphor layer and coating, from the investigation of which the diffusion coefficient of mobile mercury is concluded by fitting the model to the experiment.
Design of Helmholtz Resonator with Required Characteristics
Authors: Bykov Aleksei , Komkin Alexandr
Published: September 2020

The method of calculation design of the Helmholtz resonator in the duct is considered based on the transition to dimensionless parameters, which are determined concerning the transverse size of the duct. The acoustical impedance of Helmholtz resonator is analyzed. The application of this approach to the special case of a short-neck resonator and the general case with a linear operating mode of the resonator is described.
Acoustic impedance of orifices with grazing flow
Authors: Bejsenbaeva Diana , Komkin Alexandr , Mironov Mikhail , Moskalenko Valeriy
Published: September 2020

The paper presents an overview of the results of studies of acoustic impedance of orifices with grazing airflow. Empirical models of orifice impedance, which take into account the grazing flow, and the existing methods of measuring the acoustic impedance of orifices and the experimental setup created for this purpose are analyzed. A simpler way of measuring the acoustic characteristics of an orifice with grazing flow is considered. The scheme of the developed measuring installation and its general appearance are given.
Research of the acoustic efficiency of chamber cells of ICE exhaust silencers
Authors: Matasova Olga , Tupov Vladimir
Published: September 2020

To reduce the exhaust noise of internal combustion engines, exhaust silencer containing chamber cells are widely used. Cell design largely determines its acoustic efficiency as a function of frequency. Therefore, in this work, a theoretical study of the most frequently used chamber noise-suppressing cells of various designs is carried out. Designs with high acoustic efficiency in a wide frequency range have been determined. The results of the study will allow the designer, using these structures, to synthesize highly efficient ICE exhaust silencers.
Study of the Active Acoustic Absorber Based on a Shunted Loudspeaker
Authors: Khudiakova Natalya , Bykov Aleksei , Komkin Alexandr , Sementsov Stanislav
Published: September 2020

The study looks at the active sound absorption system in which a loudspeaker with a shunting resistor is used as an absorber. A theoretical study of shunting element influence on the reviewed system absorption characteristics was performed. Results of experimental re-search of active acoustic absorbers are given.
Waveguide insulator – theory and experiment
Authors: Zalutskaya Ruslana , Mironov Mikhail
Published: September 2020

The theory of sound propagation in waveguides with a system of resonators on the wall is given in [1-2]. The papers present theoretical data showing that the use of a chain of identical Helmholtz resonators on the walls of a waveguide reduces the sound pressure levels effectively not only at the resonant frequency, but also at frequencies which are significantly higher than the resonant frequency. This theory was called by the authors of [1, 2] the theory of waveguide isolation (WI). Nowadays, the decades later, the idea of using a set of identical resonators has been widely developed in creation and research of acoustic metamaterials – artificial structures with unusual wave properties (see for example [3-6]). At the same time, the works [1-2] remained almost unnoticed. This paper is devoted to experimental and numerical verification of the WI theory. The design of the studied WI, a simple experimental setup, the results of the experiment and numerical experiment are described.
Study of the combined muffler effectiveness
Authors: Chichvarina Kristina , Smirnov Sergey
Published: September 2020

The paper presents the research of the spectral characteristics of a combined reflection and absorption muffler with a different ratio of dissipative elements and reactive components for a given muffler volume.
Method of Acoustic Calculation of Traffic Noise Barriers
Authors: Dudiev Tikhon , Tupov Vladimir
Published: September 2020

Installation of noise barriers is an efficient and relatively cheap way of protecting residential areas from traffic noise. This paper proposes a comprehensive method of calculation of noise barriers. The method allows determining the optimal sizes of the barrier meeting acoustic and cost requirements. The calculation method takes into account the noise coming from the both parts of the traffic flow shielded and not shielded by the barrier, as well as sound reflected from the road surface, the opposite barrier, if present, and both barriers.
Meningitis/Meningoenzephalitis – ein Chamäleon in der Medizin
Authors: Meyding-Lamadé Uta , Craemer Eva Maria
Published: September 2020

A wide range of pathogens can cause meningitis or meningoencephalitis.

Guiding symptoms of meningitis are headache, fever, nausea, vomiting and meningism.

Guiding symptoms of meningoencephalitis are headache, fever, qualitative or quantitative disturbances of consciousness, signs of meningism are possible, optional focal neurological signs can occur.

Crucial prognostic factor in treatment of acute meningitis and meningoencephalitis is rapid diagnosis and early initiation of therapy. An early start of therapy is crucial. In addition to rapid pathogen-specific treatment, specialized neurological intensive care medicine is life-saving.
Liebe Leserin, lieber Leser
Authors: Edlhaimb Hans-Peter
Published: September 2020

Das Corona-19-Virus hält seit Jahresende 2019 die Welt in Atem und wird es
als weltweite COVID-19-Pandemie noch lange tun. In den vergangenen Monaten haben
Menschen coronabedingt viel Zeit alleine zugebracht. Die Quarantäne als
Schutzmaßnahme isoliert den Menschen von seinem sozialen Umfeld.
Risikogruppen wie Ärztinnen und Ärzte wurden definiert.
Balintgruppenleiterinnen und Balintgruppenleiter gehören folglich zu einer
Risikogruppe. Ängste begleiten die Menschen auf Schritt und Tritt durch
diese unsichere Zeit.
Was tun bei sexuellen Übergriffen auf einer psychiatrischen Station?
Authors: Albrecht Helen
Published: September 2020

Es kommt vor, dass Patientinnen oder Patienten während ihres Aufenthalts in der Psychiatrie durch Mitpatientinnen oder -patienten sexuell belästigt werden. Wie reagiert man als Pflegende auf solche Vorkommnisse? Unsere Autorin gibt Handlungsempfehlungen, wie Sie im Umgang mit sexualisierten Gewalttaten mehr Sicherheit gewinnen und die Betroffenen professionell begleiten können.
Internship Experience in Orthopaedics and Traumatology and its Impact on Becoming a Specialist
Authors: Kasch Richard , Abert Eva , Kolleck Nina , Ghanem Mohamed , Froehlich Susanne , Hofer André , Schulz Arndt Peter , Wassilew Georgi , Herbstreit Stephanie
Published: September 2020

Introduction The German practical year is the last clinical placement period during Medical School. However, it remains unclear how medical students evaluate the practical year in orthopaedics and traumatology (Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie; O & U) and whether it has an impact on becoming an O & U specialist.

Method We analysed data of 146 medical students (46,7% female) who completed the placement in O & U. From the evaluation, 37 items were included in the analyses. Participants who could imagine becoming an O & U specialist (O & U-Ja) following graduation were statistically compared to those who could not (O & U-Nein).

Results Overall 123 (83.7%) trainees indicated that they would like to become an O & U specialist (O & U-Ja), 18 (12.8%) negated (O & U-Nein) and 6 (4.1%) were undecided. Groups did not differ for sex and age (sex: Chi² = 2.50, p = 0.114; age: F [1.93] < 1, p = 0.764). Group differences were found for practical orientation, independency, acquisition of anamnesis and diagnostics skills and problem-solving expertise with students who could imagine becoming an O & U specialist (O & U-Ja) giving the highest ratings.

Discussion Evaluations of the last medical year are essential in order to continuously improve the internship experience and to attract students towards a certain medical field and, moreover, to post-graduate specialist training. Clinics and institutions who already emphasize on the factors derived from this evaluation, or are continuously working on improvement, might be more able to attract young professionals, since personnel acquisition is starting early in the medical field.
Negative Fähigkeit nach W.R. Bion und die Balintarbeit
– Aspekte bei Leiter und Teilnehmer
Authors: Rüth Ulrich , Holch Astrid
Published: September 2020

Negative Fähigkeit nach W.R. Bion zu verstehen als
Aufnahmefähigkeit für Ungewusstes und Unbewusstes auf Seiten
von Teilnehmern und Leitern stellt eine wichtige Voraussetzung für
eine gelungene Balintarbeit dar. Das bisher wenig rezipierte Konzept
ermöglicht ein vertieftes, tiefenpsychologisch-psychoanalytisches
Erfassen der Phänomenologie von Balintarbeit. Hierzu gehören
beobachtbare Widerstände oder Überforderungen von
Teilnehmern, aber auch spezifische Techniken, wie die der Prismatischen
Balintgruppe. Negative Fähigkeit zeigt Überschneidungen zum
ebenfalls von Bion entwickelten Containment-Begriff, geht aber in den
psychodynamischen Implikationen deutlich über diesen hinaus.
The Horn Technique for Nasal Tip Support in Rhinoplasty
Authors: Barboza Luiz Carlos de Melo , Martins Maíra Garcia , Caropreso Carlos Alberto , Rodrigues José Luiz Teixeira , Rodrigues André Baraldo
Published: September 2020

Introduction The predictability of nasal tip projection and rotation after aesthetic surgery is a challenge. Tongue-in-groove (TIG) is an effective technique to control tip projection and rotation, but there may be a small loss of projection and rotation of the tip lobe due to lack of support between the anterior septal angle and the domus, since this region is sustained by medial crusts suture-linked and interdomus sutures.

Objective To describe a new surgery technique in an attempt to correct the lack of support for the nasal tip after lowering the nasal dorsum.

Methods The horn technique consists in preserving a square of cartilage during the removal of the nasal dorsum and septum excess in patients with long and projected nose. This piece will give greater support to the TIG technique and greater predictability of the rotation and projection of the nasal tip.

Results Between 2016 and 2018, 50 patients with long and projected noses were submitted to the “horn technique” surgery. They were submitted to the TIG technique associated to the horn technique. A retrospective review of the preoperative and postoperative photographs (3 months to 1 year) of these patients treated with the horn technique were analyzed and showed better support of the nasal tip.

Conclusion The horn technique provides greater support to the projection and rotation of rhinoplasties in patients with long and projected nose.
Critical Appraisal of Traumatic Brain Injury and Its Management
Authors: Konar Subhas , Pavlov Orlin , Durango-Espinosa Yeider , Garcia-Ballestas Ezequiel , Joaquim Andrei Fernandes , Ghosh Amrita , Pal Ranabir , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael , Agrawal Amit
Published: September 2020

Critical appraisal of traumatic brain injury (TBI) management has always been marred with a conflict of differential approaches, with claims and counterclaims of outcomes among the research groups. We performed this study to review the management of TBI from risk factors to outcomes including the comorbidities and final clinical status. In conjunction with the aforesaid stabilization of TBI cases, prophylactic and definitive surgical approaches and other supporting interventions will ultimately decide the final outcomes in the long run. Improvements in the quality of care for patients with severe TBI, with the reduction in mortality, have been demonstrated in high-income areas due to improvements in the health care system and not just in one isolated intervention. In the management of TBI, a fast and high index of suspicion is the key to success, from the initial assessment to the final rehabilitation of the cases, from the victim of risk factors to the victims of situation. The research groups feel that TBI prophylactic measures and primary care mitigation models are as important as definitive care, starting from prehospital care to dedicated care.
Debunking the Myth: Do Maternal-Fetal Medicine Fellows Negatively Impact Resident Obstetrical Skills?
Authors: Dotters-Katz Sarah K. , Grace Matthew , Heine R Phillips , Propst Katie
Published: September 2020

Objective Residency applicants often express concern that fellows negatively impact surgical opportunities, especially with less common procedures. We sought to describe the impact of maternal-fetal medicine (MFM) fellows on resident surgical opportunities.

Study Design Anonymous 27-question e-survey sent to obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN) residents in the United States and Puerto Rico in March 2018. Questions included experience as primary surgeon, for fourth year residents only, comfort performing procedures postresidency, and demographics. Residents from programs with MFM fellows (pMFM) were compared with those without (nMFM). Descriptive statistics used as appropriate. Regression was performed, controlling for significant variables.

Results A total of 417 residents completed the survey; 275 (66%) from nMFM and 142 (33%) from pMFM. PMFM residents were more likely to have >7 residents/year, be from an academic residency, and less likely to be planning to practice obstetrics postresidency (all, p < 0.01). Plan to pursue MFM fellowship did not differ. NMFM residents were more likely to have been primary surgeon on a vacuum assisted delivery (77 vs. 63%, p < 0.01). No difference in primary surgeon experience was seen for forceps delivery, breech deliveries, third- or fourth-degree repairs, cerclage, or cesarean hysterectomy. With regard to comfort performing procedures postresidency, vacuum-assisted vaginal delivery (VAVD) was more likely among nMFM trainees, no other differences seen. In regression models, no differences in likelihood of comfort performing procedures postresidency for any procedures based on the presence of MFM fellows were seen. Among pMFM residents, 94% stated fellows positively impacted their learning.

Conclusion MFM fellows do not appear to impact residents' perceived competency in obstetric procedures and the majority of trainees report that fellows positively impact their education.
Empowering Caseworkers to Better Serve the Most Vulnerable with a Cloud-Based Care Management Solution
Authors: Snowdon Jane L. , Robinson Barbie , Staats Carolyn , Wolsey Kenneth , Sands-Lincoln Megan , Strasheim Thomas , Brotman David , Keating Katie , Schnitter Elizabeth , Jackson Gretchen , Kassler William
Published: September 2020

Background Care-management tools are typically utilized for chronic disease management. Sonoma County government agencies employed advanced health information technologies, artificial intelligence (AI), and interagency process improvements to help transform health and health care for socially disadvantaged groups and other displaced individuals.

Objectives The objective of this case report is to describe how an integrated data hub and care-management solution streamlined care coordination of government services during a time of community-wide crisis.

Methods This innovative application of care-management tools created a bridge between social and clinical determinants of health and used a three-step approach—access, collaboration, and innovation. The program Accessing Coordinated Care to Empower Self Sufficiency Sonoma was established to identify and match the most vulnerable residents with services to improve their well-being. Sonoma County created an Interdepartmental Multidisciplinary Team to deploy coordinated cross-departmental services (e.g., health and human services, housing services, probation) to support individuals experiencing housing insecurity. Implementation of a data integration hub (DIH) and care management and coordination system (CMCS) enabled integration of siloed data and services into a unified view of citizen status, identification of clinical and social determinants of health from structured and unstructured sources, and algorithms to match clients across systems.

Results The integrated toolset helped 77 at-risk individuals in crisis through coordinated care plans and access to services in a time of need. Two case examples illustrate the specific care and services provided individuals with complex needs after the 2017 Sonoma County wildfires.

Conclusion Unique application of a care-management solution transformed health and health care for individuals fleeing from their homes and socially disadvantaged groups displaced by the Sonoma County wildfires. Future directions include expanding the DIH and CMCS to neighboring counties to coordinate care regionally. Such solutions might enable innovative care-management solutions across a variety of public, private, and nonprofit services.
Mobile Health (mHealth) and Advances in Noninvasive Diagnosis of Anemia: An Overview
Authors: Mazzu-Nascimento Thiago , Evangelista Danilo Nogueira , Abubakar Obeedu , Carrilho Emanuel , Silva Diego Furtado , Chachá Silvana Gama Florencio , Luporini Rafael Luis , Luca Andréia Andreozi Alcântara Moura de , Estevão Isabeth Fonseca , Nogueira-de-Almeida Carlos Alberto
Published: September 2020

Anemia is a public health problem that can have different causes, such as iron deficiency, vitamin deficiency, inflammation, hemolytic anemias, and anemias associated with bone marrow disease. Anemia shows a decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin, a pigmented molecule in the erythrocytes. The objectives of this review were to highlight the impact of nutritional factors on morbidity and mortality caused by anemia and to present different non-invasive approaches that use a smartphone to analyze hemoglobin levels to detect anemia. According to the records of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS, in the Portuguese acronym), ∼ 440,000 people checked in hospitals due to anemia between January 2015 and April 2020, with 215,000 deaths. The government spent ∼ 294 million Brazilian Reais (more than 50 million US dollars) on anemia hospitalization cases during this period. There is a worldwide search to provide noninvasive diagnostics and mobile health (mHealth) tools to help diagnosing anemia. The smartphone appears to be a viable device to detect anemia by a camera with colorimetric analysis of images providing a quantitative, instantaneous, and noninvasive result. These images can be obtained as a photograph or extracted from video frames. The review presents three different methods of detecting anemia using a smartphone: i) photoplethysmograph from video obtained from the tip of the index finger, ii) photo of the palpebral conjunctiva, and iii) fingernail photo app. Therefore, it seems urgent that these approaches may be applied in routine clinical diagnosis to allow remote, needy, low-tech locations to have access to anemia screening.
Effect of Direct Oral Anticoagulant, Patient, and Surgery Characteristics on Clinical Outcomes in the Perioperative Anticoagulation Use for Surgery Evaluation Study
Authors: MacDougall Kira , Douketis James D. , Li Na , Clark Nathan P. , Tafur Alfonso , D'Astous Julien , Duncan Joanne , Schulman Sam , Spyropoulos Alex C.
Published: September 2020

Introduction The Perioperative Anticoagulation Use for Surgery Evaluation (PAUSE) Study assessed a standardized perioperative management strategy in patients with atrial fibrillation who were taking a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) and required an elective surgery or procedure. The aim of this substudy is to analyze the safety of this management strategy across different patient subgroups, according to four presurgical variables: (1) DOAC type and dose, (2) surgery/procedure bleed risk, (3) patient renal function, and (4) age.

Methods Clinical outcomes analyzed included major bleeding (MB), arterial thromboembolism, any bleeding, and any thromboembolism. We used descriptive statistics to summarize clinical outcomes, where the frequency, proportion, and 95% confidence interval were reported. Fisher's exact tests were used for testing the null hypothesis of independence between the clinical outcome and patient characteristic, where the test p-values were reported.

Results There were 3,007 patients with atrial fibrillation requiring perioperative DOAC management. There was no significant difference in bleeding or thromboembolic outcomes according to DOAC type/dose regimen, renal function, or patient age. The rate of MB was significantly higher with high bleed risk procedures than low bleed risk procedures in apixaban-treated patients (2.9 vs. 0.59%; p < 0.01), but not in dabigatran-treated patients (0.88 vs. 0.91%; p = 1.0) or rivaroxaban-treated patients (2.9 vs. 1.3%; p = 0.06). The risk for thromboembolism did not differ according to surgery/procedure-related bleed risk.

Conclusion Our results suggest that in DOAC-treated patients who received standardized perioperative management, surgical bleed risk is an important determinant of bleeding but not thromboembolic outcomes, although this finding was not consistent across all DOACs. There were no differences in bleeding and thromboembolism according to DOAC type and dose, renal function, or age.
Cerebral Responses to Stationary Emotional Stimuli Measured by fMRI in Women with Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness
Authors: von Söhsten Lins Eliane Maria Dias , Bittar Roseli Saraiva Moreira , Bazán Paulo Rodrigo , Amaro Júnior Edson , Staab Jeffrey Paul
Published: September 2020

Introduction Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is a functional vestibular disorder characterized by chronic dizziness, unsteadiness, and hypersensitivity to motion. Preexisting anxiety disorders and neurotic personality traits confer vulnerability to PPPD. High anxiety during acute vertigo or dizziness incites it. A functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study of chronic subjective dizziness found unexpectedly hypoactive responses to vestibular stimulation in cortical regions that integrate threat assessment and spatial perception.

Objective This fMRI study used non-moving, but emotionally charged visual stimuli to investigate the brain's activity of PPPD patients and control subjects.

Methods The participants included 16 women with PPPD and 16 age-matched women who recovered completely from acute episodes of vertigo or dizziness capable of triggering PPPD. Brain responses to positive, neutral, and negative figures from the International Affective Picture System were measured with fMRI and compared between the groups. Dizziness handicap, anxiety, and depression were assessed with validated questionnaires.

Results Between group analyses: Participants with PPPD showed reduced activity in anterior cingulate cortex and increased activity in left angular gyrus in response to negative versus positive stimuli, which was not observed in recovered individuals. Within group analyses: Participants with PPPD had increased activity in visuospatial areas (parahippocampal gyrus, intraparietal sulcus) in negative versus positive and negative versus neutral contrasts, whereas recovered individuals had increased activity in anxiety regions (amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex).

Conclusion Patients with PPPD may be more attuned to spatial elements than to the content of emotionally charged visual stimuli.
Triploidy in a Live-Born Extremely Low Birth Weight Twin: Clinical Aspects
Authors: Vakrilova Liliya , Hitrova-Nikolova Stanislava , Bradinova Irena
Published: September 2020

Triploidy is a rare chromosomal aberration characterized by a karyotype with 69 chromosomes. Triploid fetuses usually are miscarried in early pregnancy. We present a case of a triploid twin and a genetically unaffected co-twin, conceived through in vitro fertilization. A discordant growth was registered at 20 weeks of gestation. Cesarean section was performed at 355/7 gestational week. The second twin was extremely growth restricted female (780 g) with oligohydramnios and severe respiratory distress, and died at 20 hours of age. The autopsy revealed unilobar left lung, bilobar right lung, and cysts of the terminal bronchioles. Quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction detected triploidy compatible pattern. So, early intrauterine growth restriction may be a sign of triploidy, which must be proven by pre or postnatal genetic testing.
Nerve Block Options for Pain Control during Hepatic and Upper Abdominal Minimally Invasive Procedures
Authors: Boucher Louis-Martin , Benz Robyn Melanie , Pierotty Mathieu , de Melo Rafael Cardoso , Valenti David
Published: September 2020

Availability of minimally invasive abdominal procedures can be restricted in cases of painful procedures, due to limited access to anesthesia support or the more recent avoidance of aerosol generating medical procedures such as intubation. Intravenous sedation, in many cases is insufficient to effectively control the pain, leaving patients to suffer undue discomfort and a medical team stressed by the situation. Regional nerve blocks can offer a solution but are underutilized, likely in large part due to a lack of knowledge of available options.

This manuscript describes four different nerve blocks that can be useful for analgesia related to upper abdominal procedures. Available data are reviewed regarding their effectiveness and the technique used to perform them is described. Information provided aims to help decide which is likely to provide the best analgesia depending on the procedure being done. Increase use of these blocks has the potential to improve patient's accessibility to minimally invasive upper abdominal procedures.
The Shapley value of coalitions to other coalitions
Authors: Hausken Kjell
Published: September 2020

The Shapley value for an n-person game is decomposed into a 2n × 2n value matrix giving the value of every coalition to every other coalition. The cell ϕIJ(v, N) in the symmetric matrix is positive, zero, or negative, dependent on whether row coalition I is beneficial, neutral, or unbeneficial to column coalition J. This enables viewing the values of coalitions from multiple perspectives. The n × 1 Shapley vector, replicated in the bottom row and right column of the 2n × 2n matrix, follows from summing the elements in all columns or all rows in the n × n player value matrix replicated in the upper left part of the 2n × 2n matrix. A proposition is developed, illustrated with an example, revealing desirable matrix properties, and applicable for weighted Shapley values. For example, the Shapley value of a coalition to another coalition equals the sum of the Shapley values of each player in the first coalition to each player in the second coalition.
Alternative method for detecting defects in composite materials
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: September 2020

The two-step inverse method for photothermal testing of composite materials could improve testing for manufactured composite components.
Tribological performance of hardfaced and heat treated EN-47 steel used for tillage applications
Authors: Singh Jagseer , Chatha Sukhpal Singh , Sidhu Buta Singh
Published: September 2020

In the present work, two different hardfacings, namely SZ (Super-Zed alloy; C3.83Cr33.37) and ZK (Zedalloy-K; C0.65Cr4.5Mo8.18) were deposited on EN-47 ploughshare steel by manual metal arc welding process to enhance the abrasive wear resistance. In addition, the influence of heat-treatment of steel by two different methods, i.e., carburizing (C) and through-hardening (Q&T), on the abrasive wear behaviour has also been investigated. Abrasive wear studies were conducted on bare, hardfaced, and heat-treated steel in a laboratory by using a three-body dry sand rubber wheel test rig as per the ASTM G-65 standard. The bare steel suffered a high wear rate, which may be attributed to its soft ferritic-pearlitic microstructure. The abrasive wear rate of tested specimens was found to be 1.7651 × 10−3g m−1, 0.7439 × 10−3g m−1, 0.961 × 10−3g m−1, 0.992 × 10−3g m−1and 1.21 × 10−3g m−1for bare, SZ, ZK, C and Q&T steel specimens respectively. The SZ hardfacing provided better abrasive wear protection than the other treatments due to high chromium and carbon concentration in the hardfacings electrodes, which presented a higher area fraction of primary M7C3carbides in the matrix. The wear resistance indices (WRI) for SZ hardfacing, ZK hardfacing, carburized, and through-hardened steel specimens were found to be 2.37, 1.84, 1.78, and 1.46, respectively.
Topology optimization of embedded and co-cured damping composite structure
Authors: Wang Shaoqing , Li Qiang , Liang Sen
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this work is to reduce the weight of the structure and conclude the most appropriate topology configuration proper for the embedded and co-cured damping composite structure. A topological optimization model for the embedded co-cured damping composite structure is established. For maximizing modal loss factor under the constraint of total amount of experimental substance, the work investigates the damping performance of the fiber-reinforced layer and deduces the sensitivity of modal loss factor by Modal Strain Energy (MSE) method. The best distribution of viscoelastic materials is obtained via the evolution structural optimization (ESO) method. The deleted elements in the structure correspond to the lower sensitivity elements in the sensitivity cloud published in existing document. Considerable related studies have been presented to demonstrate the relationship of structural topological configuration accompanied by the changes of structural parameters.
Dynamic recrystallization analysis of reduction pretreatment process by multi-phase field method
Authors: Liu Hongqiang , Ning Zhen , Yu Wei , Cheng Zhicheng , Wang Xindong , Cai Qingwu
Published: September 2020

The reduction pretreatment (RP) process is an effective method to improve billet quality, and the deformation recrystallization plays an important role in the process. Exploring the RP process parameters, a dynamic recrystallization model of GCr15 steel was established by the phase-field method and physical simulation. The recrystallization kinetics and flow stress curves during hot compression were simulated by using this mode. The effects of deformation parameters and initial grain size on the dynamic recrystallization were investigated. Moreover, by using the results obtained by Finite element method (FEM), dynamic recrystallization during the RP process was investigated though this model. It was found that increasing the deformation temperature, deformation rate and decreasing the initial grain size can promote the dynamic recrystallization kinetics. Large Zener-Hollomon parameters can enhance recrystallized grain refinement, while the recrystallized grain size was not affected by the initial grain size. During the RP process, when the reduction is insufficient (10%), partial recrystallization occurs in the billet. With the increase of reduction from 10% to 16%, the area of complete recrystallization increases gradually. When the reduction is the same, the recrystallization in the billet center increases with the decrease of casting speed. When the reduction is 10%, partial recrystallization occurs in the billet center at a casting speed of 0.7 m min−1, and fully recrystallization occurs in the billet center with a casting speed of 0.5 m min−1. Thus, when the reduction is difficult to increase further, the recrystallization in the billet center can be improved by decreasing the casting speed.
Site-substitution effect on skyrmion phases of Cd2+-Cu2OSeO3 nanocrystallites
Authors: Babu S , Singh B K , Mishra S K
Published: September 2020

The past decade has seen a significant uptick in research interest to study the materials that can host magnetic skyrmion lattices. The curiosity of such materials is mainly driven by the technological applications of emergent skyrmion lattices that manifest a whirlpool-like spins arrangement. Insulating Cu2OSeO3 reported to host magnetic skyrmion lattices below 60 K and considered as a potential candidate for exploring this new phase of materials. Here in this article, we propose a new synthesis process to grow the Cd2+-substituted Cu2OSeO3 nanocrystallites with variable sizes ranging over 50–200 nm. The proposed method consists of only a single-step heat treatment of 12 h, which is cost-effectivethan the routine solid-state process that requires a rigorous 15–20 days of heat treatment. By employing X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and isothermal magnetization (M-T) measurements, we present a comparative investigation of the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of pristine and Cd2+-substituted Cu2OSeO3 nanocrystallites. As non-magnetic substitution can alter the fundamental magnetic interactions, therefore, Cd2+-Cu2OSeO3 nanocrystallites offer a new methodology to control the magnetic skyrmion phases and its stability.
High-temperature oxidation inducing strain for the 2205 duplex stainless steels
Authors: Lv Jinlong , Wang Zhuqing
Published: September 2020

The results from Raman spectra and XRD demonstrated that the surface oxides were mainly composed of iron oxides enriched with chromium and spinel type oxide for high temperature oxidized 2205 duplex stainless steels. The EBSD analysis indicated that the austenitic phase showed more excellent antioxidant ability than the ferritic one. The relative higher IQ value could improve high temperature antioxidant ability of the 2205 duplex stainless steel. The KAM maps showed a relative high value near the grain boundaries and near the interface. In addition, the high temperature oxidation inducing deformation could occur based EBSD analysis.
High-throughput design of magnetic materials
Authors: Zhang Hongbin
Published: September 2020

Materials design based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations is an emergent field of great potential to accelerate the development and employment of novel materials. Magnetic materials play an essential role in green energy applications as they provide efficient ways of harvesting, converting, and utilizing energy. In this review, after a brief introduction to the major functionalities of magnetic materials, we demonstrated how the fundamental properties can be tackled via high-throughput DFT calculations, with a particular focus on the current challenges and feasible solutions. Successful case studies are summarized on several classes of magnetic materials, followed by bird-view perspectives.
Printed resistors for flexible electronics—thermal variance mitigation and tolerance improvement via oxide-metal coatings
Authors: Middlemiss Ryan B , McGhee Jack R , Southee Darren J , Evans Peter S A , Wijayantha Upul K G
Published: September 2020

Manufactured resistors in conventional electronics are classified into tolerance groups ranging from <1% for high stability film types (E192) to 20% (E6) which are often carbon-based and utilised in less critical resistance value contexts such as current limiting or pull-up/down applications [IEC 60063:2015, Preferred number series for resistors and capacitors. One of the major identified challenges in the printed electronics industry currently is the ability to match this manufacturing capability for printed resistors in terms of initial tolerance, stability over time and power capabilities. In this work, a variety of screen-printed carbon resistors were designed and produced. The effects of utilising additional screen-printed ZnO and Ag layers as thermal variance management for the carbon resistors are investigated with the aim of improving the resistors power rating and stability. The introduction of ZnO or ZnO/Ag layers to carbon resistors saw notable improvements in the peak power capability, stability when sustaining 500 mW power dissipation, and stability in varying environmental conditions. Utilizing ZnO and Ag layers also notably improved the initial tolerance groupings when compared to basic uncoated carbon resistors.
The research on measurement and analysis method of gas turbine blade tip clearance based on empirical model
Authors: Zhao Shizhi , Cheng Lu , Fang Yu , Ai Song
Published: September 2020

Blade tip clearance is one of the most important factors affecting the performance and safety of gas turbine. In recent decades, a variety of non-contact measurement methods of blade tip clearance have been developed and applied to aero engine and gas turbine test. However the research regarding the location and quantity of measurement sensors to ensure the most effective measurement, and how to fully analyze and utilize the test data is still rare. In this paper, a mathematical model of tip clearance has been developed. The model has been applied to study the required quantity and location of the sensors. Based on this model, an analysis method of the measured data is established, and the test data of a Dongfang Steam Turbine Co., Ltd. gas turbine is analyzed. The main factors that cause the non-uniform clearance are determined, and an optimization scheme is formed by this method. The results show that this model and method has great value for measurement scheme design, test data analysis and utilization.
The Vargas era and its legacy
Authors: Pereira Anthony W.
Published: September 2020

‘The Vargas era and its legacy’ recounts Brazil’s 1930 revolution, which led to the formation of a new kind of state in Brazil and a new set of state–citizen relations. The political figure who dominated the period after the revolution was Getúlio Vargas. After seizing power, Vargas served as president for fifteen years, first as a head of the provisional government, then as an indirectly elected president, and finally as a dictator. Removed from power in 1945, he returned in a new guise as a developmentalist president elected in 1950. The chapter explores how the various currents of the Vargas era came together to transform the Brazilian economy, polity, and society.
1. Socialist traditions
Authors: Newman Michael
Published: September 2020

‘Socialist traditions’ looks at the early forms of socialism that arose in reaction to the poverty and inequality caused by the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century. Three key socialist theories—utopianism, anarchism, and Marxism—are explored. The utopians pioneered the idea of communes, anarchists and collectivists encouraged distrust in authority and hierarchy, and Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels introduced their concept of socialism as a result of the conflicts inherent in the capitalist system. Leninism in Russia was not a fully-fledged philosophical or political movement, but it was shaped by a socialist belief in the workers’ right to control their fate.
4. Beyond the dominant orthodoxies
Authors: Newman Michael
Published: September 2020

Following the collapse of the Soviet bloc, countries around the world struggled to implement their versions of social democracy. ‘Beyond the dominant orthodoxies’ looks at recent developments in China (successful, but too business-oriented and inflexible to be the future of socialism), the UK (weakened by the ‘third way’ of the late 1990s and lack of engagement with political parties), and other European countries (threatened by lack of support for social democratic parties and the rise of the far right). None of the new movements in Spain, Greece, Latin America, or the UK was entirely successful, but many succeeded in embedding elements of socialism in their countries’ politics.
Introduction
Authors: Morgan Llewelyn
Published: September 2020

'Introduction: P. Ovidius Naso' provides a background to the poetry of Publius Ovidius Naso, known as Ovid, describing the political circumstances of his life, a momentous shift from civil war to autocracy, and his own elevated social origins in the Italian elite. Ovid inherited a rich literary tradition and the conventions of genre and metre of Roman poetry. Contemporary poets such as Propertius, Horace, and Virgil, had a huge influence on Ovid, as did the earlier Greek poet Callimachus. There are many important themes in the story of Ovid’s life and poetry, his restless commitment to innovation, complex relationship with the emperor Augustus, and his irrepressible wit to be studied. In poetry and in life, Ovid courted controversy, which both brought him celebrity and contributed to the banishment from Rome that he suffered at the height of his popularity.