bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Narrative skills in preschool and first grade children
Authors: Kanellou Maria Athansiou , Korvesi Eugenia Athansiou , Ralli Asimina , Mouzaki Aggeliki , Antoniou Fay , Diamanti Vasiliki , Papaioannou Sophia
Published: June 2016

The aim of the study was to investigate the developmental path of narrative skills of preschool and primary school children. Two hundred thirty seven Greek-speaking children from various regions of Greece participated in the study. They were separated in three age groups: 4-5, 5-6 and 6-7 years old. Retelling and narrative production skills were evaluated. Correlations between the two narrative skills were investigated. Four illustrated stories were used (two stories for retelling and two stories for narrative production).Children’s narratives were collected and transcribed from the recordings. Then, narratives were coded and assessed according to certain criteria: microstructure/ cohesion (conjunction and lexical cohesion) and macrostructure/ coherence (story grammar and temporal sequencing of actions and events). The findings revealed that narratives of older children tended to be better according to the story structure criteria in comparison to narratives produced by younger children. In addition, the qualitative analysis of children’s narratives demonstrated the different narrative levels (labeling, listing, connecting, sequencing and narrating) proposed by Stadler and Ward (2005). Children of all age groups performed better in retelling test compared to narrative production test. The results also revealed differences in performance in relation to gender (girls performed better than boys). Finally, a statistically significant correlation between children’s performance in retelling and narrative production skills was found. The results are discussed in terms of theoretical models of narrative abilities. Implications for research, theory and educational purposes are also discussed.
Decomposition of mutational context signatures using quadratic programming methods
Authors: Lynch Andy G.
Published: June 2016

Methods for inferring signatures of mutational contexts from large cancer sequencing data sets are invaluable for biological research, but impractical for clinical application where we require tools that decompose the context data for an individual into signatures. One such method has recently been published using an iterative linear modelling approach. A natural alternative places the problem within a quadratic programming framework and is presented here, where it is seen to offer advantages of speed and accuracy.
Preschool Teacher Training Technologies for Innovation Activity
Authors: Майер  , Mayer Aleksey
Published: June 2016

Students’ training technologies for innovation activity are

represented from the perspective of competence approach. Directions,

stages and algorithm of the future teacher training management are

given. The examples of technology realization, which trigger the

mechanism of teacher’s self-development, are presented. Program

management structure and logic in the process of future teachers

training is proved.
Models and Strategies of Implementation of Modern Work Standards of School Psychological Service
Authors: Миляева  , Milyaeva M. , Власова  , Vlasova T.
Published: June 2016

The article analyzes the models and strategies, as well as

the specifics of the implementation of Federal state educational

standards in the practice of school psychological services. Paying

particular attention to changes in the situation in the whole educational

school, the authors define the place of the forms and types

of application of psychological knowledge in the content and organization

of the educational environment of the school, making

it obligatory, specific and measurable activities educational psychologist

as a full member of the educational process.
Preventive Measures for Educator´s Self-Preservation
Authors: Иванов  , Ivanov A. , Рабаданов  , Rabadanov Zaur
Published: June 2016

The paper reveals preventive measures for educators´ selfpreservation based on an experimental programme for school teachers, professors of universities and colleges "Prophylaxis for educators´ self-preservation" in the system of professional development. The use of methods of self-regulation is effective in the prevention of tension, averting the occupational burnout syndrome. Diagnostic technique for prompt assessment of general health, activity and mood is proposed. Long-term outcome and indicator of the effectiveness of the programme of self-preservation are physical as well as professional and creative longevity of a person.
In whose best interests? A case study of a family affected by dementia
Authors: Webb Rachael , Dening Karen Harrison
Published: June 2016

Many people with dementia are cared for by family members. Family carers often feel bound to support the person with dementia at the expense of their own needs, which can be neglected. They often experience distress when making decisions, especially over ethical dilemmas when their own interests and those of the person being cared for conflict. This paper presents a case study approach to consider best interests decision making for families affected by dementia. In the case study, a carer is supporting his father to remain living at home although he feels this unsafe and the demands of this cause tension with his family and affect his performance at work.
Considering the benefits of egg consumption for older people at risk of sarcopenia
Authors: Smith Alison , Gray Juliet
Published: June 2016

Sarcopenia is an important health issue for older people. It is closely linked with frailty and malnutrition and can significantly reduce both health and quality of life for those affected. Sarcopenic decline in muscle mass can start as early as the fourth and fifth decade of life, so the maintenance of muscle mass throughout adulthood, through regular physical activity and a balanced diet, should be an important consideration in reducing the risk of sarcopenia in older age. Maintaining regular exercise throughout older age remains key to the treatment of sarcopenia, as does an adequate intake of nutrients, including high-quality protein and vitamin D.

A significant proportion of older people fail to meet the recommended requirements for protein; it has also been suggested that the requirements in existing recommendations could be higher. Evidence is emerging that an adequate intake of protein at each meal may be required to optimise muscle synthesis in older people.

Eggs are an inexpensive, widely available and easily digestible source of high-quality protein and contain a significant proportion of leucine, an amino acid that is important for muscle synthesis, as well as many other nutrients of significance for older people, including vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids. For many older people, eggs are a familiar and acceptable protein food at breakfast and other meals.

Encouraging both those approaching older age and older people to include eggs more frequently, as part of a healthy, balanced diet and in addition to physical activity, could help them maintain their muscle strength and function, thereby preserving their functional capacity and reducing morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs associated with sarcopenia.
Overview of gynaecological and colorectal reconstruction
Authors: Saour Samer , Mohanna Pari-Naz
Published: June 2016

Plastic surgeons are often required to reconstruct defects following radical pelvic surgery for advanced or recurrent anorectal and gynaecological malignancies. This article describes the most commonly used flaps for reconstruction following radical pelvic surgery and provides a treatment algorithm to facilitate decision making.
Risks and benefits of sunlight exposure: putting clinical guidance into practice
Authors: Lavers Isabel
Published: June 2016

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence issued guidance on the risks and benefits of sunlight exposure earlier this year. Sunlight is needed to maintain vitamin D levels but too much exposure can damage the skin and lead to cancer. Risks of both vitamin D deficiency and skin damage depend on individual factors including age, skin colour and lifestyle, so information on sun exposure can be confusing. Practitioners therefore need to provide patient education that is both individually tailored and consistent. Aesthetic practitioners are well placed to advise patients on their risks and action to take.
Infection control and environmental cleanliness in aesthetic practice
Authors: Roy Lisa
Published: June 2016

Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) can have devastating, life-changing effects. Health professionals have a responsibility to ensure that they are aware of the consequences of HCAIs, adhere to regulations and standards and have effective infection prevention and control procedures in place to reduce both the risk of blood-borne virus acquisition and the spread of multidrug-resistant organisms. This is not only to protect staff and clients from infection, but also to reduce the risk of significant expenditure and possible litigation.
Rejuvenation of the ears: anatomy, assessment and guidance for injection
Authors: Scanlon Chérie
Published: June 2016

Although the ears age in the same way as the face, neck and hands, many aesthetic nurses do not offer ear rejuvenation on their treatment menus. To help aesthetic nurses incorporate this procedure into their aesthetic practice, Chérie Scanlon outlines the anatomy of the ears, explores how to classify earlobe ptosis and advises on techniques to employ when injecting dermal fillers
Surrogate markers of long-term outcome in primary total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Malak T. T. , Broomfield J. A. J. , Palmer A. J. R. , Hopewell S. , Carr A. , Brown C. , Prieto-Alhambra D. , Glyn-Jones S.
Published: June 2016

Objectives

High failure rates of metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty implants have highlighted the need for more careful introduction and monitoring of new implants and for the evaluation of the safety of medical devices. The National Joint Registry and other regulatory services are unable to detect failing implants at an early enough stage. We aimed to identify validated surrogate markers of long-term outcome in patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of studies evaluating surrogate markers for predicting long-term outcome in primary THA. Long-term outcome was defined as revision rate of an implant at ten years according to National Institute of Health and Care Excellence guidelines. We conducted a search of Medline and Embase (OVID) databases. Separate search strategies were devised for the Cochrane database and Google Scholar. Each search was performed to include articles from the date of their inception to June 8, 2015.

Results

Our search strategy identified 1082 studies of which 115 studies were included for full article review. Following review, 17 articles were found that investigated surrogate markers of long-term outcome. These included one systematic review, one randomised control trial (RCT), one case control study and 13 case series. Validated surrogate markers included Radiostereometric Analysis (RSA) and Einzel-Bild-Röntgen-Analyse (EBRA), each measuring implant migration and wear. We identified five RSA studies (one systematic review and four case series) and four EBRA studies (one RCT and three case series). Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) at six months have been investigated but have not been validated against long-term outcomes.

Conclusions

This systematic review identified two validated surrogate markers of long-term primary THA outcome: RSA and EBRA, each measuring implant migration and wear. We recommend the consideration of RSA in the pre-market testing of new implants. EBRA can be used to investigate acetabular wear but not femoral migration. Further studies are needed to validate the use of PROMs for post-market surveillance. Cite this article: T. T. Malak, J. A. J. Broomfield, A. J. R. Palmer, S. Hopewell, A. Carr, C. Brown, D. Prieto-Alhambra, S. Glyn-Jones. Surrogate markers of long-term outcome in primary total hip arthroplasty: A systematic review. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:206–214. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.56.2000568.
A UTILIZAÇÃO DO MODELO DE INOVAÇÃO ABERTA COMO FERRAMENTA COMPETITIVA EM APLS
Authors: Benevides Gustavo , Oliveira Erick Coutinho , Mendes Rodrigo Otávio Bertoncini
Published: June 2016

O presente ensaio teórico pretendia apontar as associações existentes entre a teoria dominante de inovação aberta, partindo de uma perspectiva global, para realidade Nacional. E concomitantemente, apresentar as lacunas existentes na teoria de inovação aberta. A questão que norteou a pesquisa foi: Quais são as correntes teóricas que dão suporte para a implementação da inovação aberta em APLs no Brasil? A metodologia da pesquisa tem característica exploratória, cuja abordagem foi qualitativa, sendo realizada em formato de ensaio teórico. Os resultados preliminares da pesquisa apontam para a necessidade de aplicabilidade do conceito de inovação aberta em APLs no Brasil. Palavras-chave: Inovação aberta. APL. Estratégia. Desenvolvimento. Vantagem competitiva.
CAPACIDADES DE MARKETING E INOVAÇÃO ORGANIZACIONAL: UMA RELAÇÃO PARA VANTAGEM COMPETITIVA / MARKETING CAPABILITIES AND ORGANIZATIONAL INNOVATION: A RELATIONSHIP FOR COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE
Authors: Alves Carlos Alberto
Published: June 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a função da intensidade empreendedora e das capacidades de marketing na inovação organizacional e na vantagem competitiva em empresas de serviços. Foi realizado um survey com 480 empresas e utilizada análise estrutural para avaliar as relações entre caminhos. Os resultados apontam que o empreendedorismo é um denominador importante das capacidades de marketing, fornecendo suporte para as teorias das capacidades da vantagem competitiva. Os resultados encontrados ainda sugerem que empresas empreendedoras buscam tanto a inovação tecnológica como a não tecnológica e que ambos os tipos de inovação levam a uma vantagem competitiva. O presente estudo se justifica pela contribuição para a teoria da estratégia de marketing, pelo desenvolvimento, refinamento e testes de medidas para a mensuração do empreendedorismo, das capacidades de marketing, da inovação organizacional e da vantagem competitiva. Palavras-chaves: Marketing. Estratégia de Marketing. Capacidades de Marketing.
Determinants of demand for subsequent doses of pneumococcal and rotavirus vaccines for children less than five years of age in Ghana
Authors: Immurana Mustapha , U. Arabi
Published: June 2016

The mortality of children which has pneumonia and diarrhoea as some of its major causes remains a major concern for all countries of which Ghana is no exception. Ghana’s current child mortality rate is far above the sustainable development goal 3.2. However, given that vaccination is one of the most effective ways of preventing childhood diseases, it was surprising that, the 2014 Ghana demographic and health survey (GDHS) report showed a falling up-take or coverage in the successive doses of the pneumococcal (pneumonia vaccine) and rotavirus (diarrhoea vaccine) vaccines among children in Ghana. This study therefore using data from the children’s recode file of the 2014 GDHS, investigated the determinants of demand for subsequent doses of the pneumococcal and rotavirus vaccines for children in Ghana by employing the binary probit model. The study among other findings revealed that, unemployed mothers were less likely to demand for the subsequent and initial doses of both the pneumococcal and rotavirus vaccines for their children. Also male household heads were revealed to be less likely to demand for all the doses of the rotavirus vaccines for children. In addition, single mothers were also revealed to be less likely to demand for all the subsequent doses of the pneumococcal and rotavirus vaccines. Therefore targeting unemployed and single mothers as well as women empowerment through job opportunities coupled with public education, especially of household heads, would serve as effective tools in tackling the falling demand for subsequent doses of the pneumococcal and rotavirus vaccines for children in Ghana.
Copyright and the Internet: The case of Napster
Authors: Kıranoğlu Gülbin
Published: June 2016

In the postindustrial world, information is not only a revolutionary phenomenon but also a valuable commodity of exchange, thereby protected by intellectual property rights, copyrights and patents. The interactive nature of the Internet, however, has complicated the notion of intellectual property leading to the debates of whether or not the Internet should be regulated on such basis. This article aims to understand the turn-of-the-21st-century tension between the record industry and the innovative technology of Napster, regarding the question of validity of the legal concept of copyright in an age of Information Revolution. In this paper, the record industry’s attack on Napster due to its development of “peer-2-peer sharing” service, as one of the earliest sample cases concerning the criminalization of the Cyberspace in relation to the issue of copyright will be examined. To achieve this, following an outline of different approaches to the concepts of information society and information revolution, I will address the fundamental question of whether the notion of intellectual property promotes or controls innovation by focusing on the lawsuit of Napster, Inc. vs. A&M Records, Inc.
Socio-demographic and family predictors of moral competence in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong: a six-wave longitudinal study
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Liang Jianqiang , Lin Li
Published: June 2016

This six-wave longitudinal study in Project P.A.T.H.S. examined the growth trajectories and predictors of moral competence in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong. Linear mixed models utilizing individual growth curves were used to analyze the initial status and rate of change of moral competence with reference to gender, economic disadvantage, family intactness, family functioning and parent-child subsystem quality. Results showed that adolescent moral competence increased across 6 years. Female adolescents had higher initial levels of moral competence than that of male adolescents. Adolescents from well-functioning families had higher initial levels of moral competence but slower growth of moral competence than did those from families with lower family functioning. Adolescents with higher mother-child subsystem quality had higher initial levels of moral competence but slower growth of moral competence than did those with relatively lower mother-child subsystem quality. Finally, adolescents with higher father-child subsystem quality had higher initial levels of moral competence than those with relatively lower father-child subsystem quality.
Uncommon ground
Authors: Macagno Fabrizio , Capone Alessandro
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this paper is to show how microargumentation mechanisms of presumptive reasoning and reasoning from best explanation can be used to explain some cases of presupposition suspension. It will be shown how the relationship between presupposition triggers and pragmatic presuppositions can be analyzed in terms of presumptive and nonpresumptive polyphonic articulation of an utterance, resulting in different types of commitments for the interlocutors. This approach is grounded on the two interconnected notions of presumptions and commitments. In some complex cases of presupposition suspension, the speaker presumes the hearer’s acceptance of, and commitment to, propositions that do not belong to the common ground or that have been explicitly rejected as being commonly shared. This phenomenon triggers a complex type of reasoning that can be represented as kind of abduction, grounded on hierarchies of presumptions and aimed at providing an interpretation that solves this conflict of presumptions. Several cases of presupposition suspension will be shown to result from nonpresumptive polyphonic articulations, in which different voices responsible for distinct commitments are distinguished. By indirectly reporting an element of discourse, the speaker can refuse to take responsibility for the presupposed proposition, and correct the commitments that may result for him or her. This polyphonic treatment of utterances can explain how and why a presupposition is suspended, and can be used to identify the conflicting presumptions that can be further solved through reasoning from best explanation. This reasoning can result in a different reconstruction of the developed logical form or the illocutionary force of an utterance.
Toward a typology of constative speech acts: Actions beyond evidentiality, epistemic modality, and factuality
Authors: Tantucci Vittorio
Published: June 2016

The present study joins the long-running debate about the semantic–pragmatic distinction of the three domains of epistemic modality, evidentiality, and factuality. In particular, this work aims at providing both a theoretical and operational framework to investigate what type of speech act is at stake when a speaker/writer alternatively decides to mark a proposition as an epistemic modal, an evidential, or a factual construction. In fact, three basic types of illocutionary force will be shown to determine the modal marking of a constative speech act: evaluational (Ev
Understanding refusal style and pragmatic competence of teenage Cantonese English learners in refusals: An exploratory study
Authors: Lee Cynthia
Published: June 2016

The paper investigates the refusal style of teenage Cantonese learners of English in terms of strategy use, pattern, order, and content of refusals’ semantic formulae quantitatively and qualitatively, and discusses learners’ pragmatic competence and refusal style with reference to that of adult native Mandarin Chinese (L1) speakers and Chinese English learners reported in the literature. One hundred fifty-six Cantonese English learners aged between 14 and 18, studying in Form 2, Form 4, and Form 6, participated in the study. Refusals to requests were collected using five closed role plays in which sociolinguistic variables were controlled. It was found that three indirect refusal patterns were generally used by the three age groups across situations, with the strategy of giving a specific reason being dominant. Only the difference in use of single strategy was statistically significant (
The heterogeneity of Caatinga biome: an overview of the bat fauna
Authors: de Carvalho-Neto Francisco Geraldo , da Silva Jackson Roberto , Santos Neide , Rohde Cláudia , Garcia Ana Cristina Lauer , Montes Martín Alejandro
Published: June 2016

In semiarid regions like the Brazilian Caatinga, the long dry season suggests that it is a homogeneous environment. However, differences in climate, soil, relief, and duration of the dry season across this biome has prompted the division of Caatinga in eight ecoregions. Here, we test the validity of these ecoregions for bats, which play a fundamental role in the balance of ecosystems. A literature review was carried out to investigate the distribution of bat species in all Caatinga ecoregions, and the lack of sampling efforts. In total, 90 chiropteran species were recorded in the biome. Bat distribution is not homogeneous, and almost all ecoregions present exclusive species. Gaps in chiropteran sampling efforts occur in all ecoregions. A robust and significant correlation was observed between the number of studies reporting samples and bat richness of each ecoregion, indicating that more research will increase recorded richness in these areas, and in the Caatinga as a whole. The existence of at least four ecoregions in the Caatinga was also supported. This underlines the importance of these areas to conservation initiatives.
Socio-spatial organization in a local population of the forest dormouse Dryomys nitedula, with a review of these relations in other dormouse species
Authors: Juškaitis Rimvydas , Keturka Karolis
Published: June 2016

The socio-spatial organization in a local population of the forest dormouse Dryomys nitedula situated in Lithuania was studied using the capture-mark-recapture (CMR) method in a nestbox grid. Adult D. nitedula are sedentary and have permanent home ranges which are the basis of the socio-spatial organization of their populations. Average home range size per activity season was two times larger in adult males than in females (2.6 ha and 1.3 ha, respectively). On average, 53% and 44% of the area of the ranges of males and females, respectively overlapped with the ranges of neighboring individuals. Intersexual overlap of ranges was higher than intrasexual overlap. Males shared their home range with a larger number of other individuals than females (3.6 and 1.5 individuals, respectively). Adult dormice partly shifted their home ranges in consecutive years. During the course of the entire activity season, single individuals of both sexes (72.9%) were found most frequently in nestboxes, while females with litters of young (12.6%) and groups consisting of two or more dormice (14.5%) were much rarer. Pairs consisting of an adult male and female were found during the mating season, while groups of different composition were recorded most often when juveniles became independent.
On the closed subfields of Q¯~p${\tilde{\bar Q}}_p$
Authors: Achimescu Sever , Alexandru Victor , Stelian Andronescu Corneliu
Published: June 2016

Let p be a prime number, and let

Q
¯

~

p

$\bf{\tilde{\bar {\text Q}}}_p$

be the completion of
Q
with respect to the pseudovaluation w which extends the p-adic valuation vp
. In this paper our goal is to give a characterization of closed subfields of

Q
¯

~

p

$\bf{\tilde{\bar {\text Q}}}_p$

, the completion of
Q
with respect w, i.e. the spectral extension of the p-adic valuation vp
on Q.
Some notes to existence and stability of the positive periodic solutions for a delayed nonlinear differential equations
Authors: Dorociaková Božena , Olach Rudolf
Published: June 2016

The paper deals with the existence of positive ω-periodic solutions for a class of nonlinear delay differential equations. For example, such equations represent the model for the survival of red blood cells in an animal. The sufficient conditions for the exponential stability of positive ω-periodic solution are also considered.
Ultrafast ammonia-driven, microwave-assisted synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots and their optical properties
Authors: Zheng Binjie , Chen Yuanfu , Li Pingjian , Wang Zegao , Cao Bingqiang , Qi Fei , Liu Jinbo , Qiu Zhiwen , Zhang Wanli
Published: June 2016

For the first time, a facile, ultrafast, ammonia-driven microwave-assisted synthesis of high-quality nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs) at room temperature and atmospheric pressure is presented. This one-step method is very cheap, environment friendly, and suitable for large-scale production. The as-synthesized NGQDs consisting of one to three graphene monolayers exhibit highly crystalline quality with an average size of 5.3 nm. A new fluorescence (FL) emission peak at 390 nm is observed, which might be attributed to the doped nitrogen atoms into the GQDs. An interesting red-shift is observed by comparing the FL excitation spectra to the UV-visible absorption spectra. Based on the optical properties, the detailed Jablonski diagram representing the energy level structure of NGQDs is derived.
„Der Mensch hat zwei Beine und zwei Überzeugungen“ – Öffentliche Theologie im Raum sozialer Verkörperung
Authors: Wabel Thomas
Published: June 2016

Der Artikel fragt nach Aspekten Öffentlicher Theologie, die in dem an Jürgen Habermas orientierten Weg der Übersetzung religiöser Überzeugungen in die Sprache säkularer Vernunft ausgeblendet bleiben. Ausgehend von Volker Gerhardts Verständnis von Öffentlichkeit als politischer Form des Bewusstseins zeigt sich zunächst, dass individuelle Überzeugung von vornherein im Horizont von Öffentlichkeit steht. Im Anschluss an Matthias Jungs Anthropologie der Artikulation wird sodann das Zusammenspiel von medialer, sozialer und physischer Verkörperung geistiger Gehalte als Ermöglichung und Begrenzung der Mitteilbarkeit religiöser Erfahrung verstanden. Öffentliche Theologie ist vor die Herausforderung gestellt, in der Kultivierung ihrer „Zweisprachigkeit“ ein Bewusstsein dafür wachzuhalten, dass sich ihr Spezifisches einer vollständigen Übersetzung in rationale Begriffssprache entzieht. Gelingt dies, so erweist sie sich als partikular und zugleich als öffentlich: Sie gibt zu erkennen, von wo sie spricht – und lässt andere zumindest mit der Möglichkeit rechnen, ihre Perspektive zu teilen.
Religious Epistemology and the Problem of Public Justification
Authors: Breul Martin
Published: June 2016

In this paper I argue that the debate on the legitimacy of using religious arguments in public discourse displays a one-dimensional understanding of the epistemic structure of religious beliefs. This holds true even for the most recent and most advanced approaches such as Andrew March’s innovative typology of religious arguments. Hence, my first aim in this paper is to provide an analysis of the epistemic structure of religious beliefs. I suggest that religious convictions have two main components: they have a cognitive-propositional dimension (belief) as well as a regulative-expressive dimension (faith). Therefore, they may be intersubjectively accessible, but not mutually acceptable. My second aim in this paper is to show that mutual acceptability is an adequate criterion for political legitimacy. However, although the demands of public reason require mutual acceptability, religious convictions ought not to be privatized as they offer essential input for public discourse beyond public justification. Thus, it is necessary to insist on the mutual acceptability of reasons in public justifications, but this does not imply that religion is a private matter.
Low-level laser therapy enhances muscle regeneration through modulation of inflammatory markers
Authors: Assis Lívia , Moretti Ana Iochabel Soares , Messa Peviani Sabrina , Durigan João Luiz Quagliotti , Russo Thiago Luiz , Rodrigues Natália , Bastos Jéssica , Cury Vivian , de Souza Heraldo Possolo , Parizotto Nivaldo Antonio
Published: June 2016

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vivo response of two different laser fluences (4 and 8 J/cm2) on molecular markers involved in muscle repair after a cryolesion of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle.

Study design:

Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into six groups: control (C); normal/uninjured TA muscle treated with either 4 J/cm2 (L4J) or 8 J/cm2 (L8J) laser irradiation; injured TA muscle without treatment (IC); and injured TA muscle treated with either 4 J/cm2 (IL4J) or 8 J/cm2 (IL8J) laser irradiation. The injured region was irradiated daily for 5 consecutive days, starting immediately after the cryolesion was set using a GaAlAs laser (continuous wave; wavelength, 830 nm; tip area, 0.0028 cm2; power, 20 mW). The animals were euthanized on the sixth day after injury. The injured right TA muscles were removed for histological evaluation, zymography, and immunoblotting and biotin switch analyses. Nitrite and nitrate plasma levels were measured to evaluate the nitric oxide (NO) production.

Results:

After low-level laser therapy (LLLT), in both injured treatment groups (IL4J and IL8J) the injured area was reduced, the NO production decreased and the S-nitrosated COX-2 was lowered. Moreover, both laser fluences increased the activity and expression of MMP-2.

Conclusion:

These results suggest that LLLT, for both fluences, could be an efficient therapeutic approach to modulate molecules involved in injured muscle, accelerating regeneration process.
Peritoneal sampling and histological assessment of therapeutic response in peritoneal metastasis: proposal of the Peritoneal Regression Grading Score (PRGS)
Authors: Solass Wiebke , Sempoux Christine , Detlefsen Sönke , Carr Norman J. , Bibeau Frédéric
Published: June 2016

Background: Multimodal therapeutic strategies have improved the outcome of peritoneal metastases (PM). However, objective assessment of therapy response remains difficult in PM, since radiological studies have a poor accuracy for low-volumetric disease. There is an obvious need for a histological gold standard allowing assessment of tumor response to treatment in PM.

Content: We propose to perform peritoneal punch biopsies with a diameter of 3 to 5 mm in all four abdominal quadrants. We propose a four-tier Peritoneal Regression Grading Score (PRGS), defined as Grade 1: complete response (absence of tumor cells), Grade 2: major response (major regression features, few residual tumor cells), Grade 3: minor response (some regressive features but predominance of residual tumor cells), Grade 4: no response (tumor cells without any regressive features). Acellular mucin and infarct-like necrosis should be regarded as regression features. We recommend reporting the mean and the worst value of the regression grades obtained. When complete tumor response is suspected intraoperatively, a peritoneal cytology should be sampled.

Summary: A generic, unique score for the assessment of histological tumor response to chemotherapy in PM makes sense because of the clinical impact of histological response to therapy and because the organ of metastasis (peritoneum) is the same. By adopting PRGS, different centers will be able to use a uniform terminology and grading that will allow meaningful comparison of their results.

Outlook: PRGS has now to be validated in several gastrointestinal and gynecological cancer types and may be useful both in clinical and research settings.
Orofacial antinociceptive effect of the ethanolic extract of Annona vepretorum Mart. (Annonaceae)
Authors: Silva Juliane C. , Macedo Larissa A.R.O. , Souza Grasielly R. , Oliveira-Junior Raimundo G. , Lima-Saraiva Sarah R.G. , Lavor Érica M. , Silva Mariana G. , Souza Marilia T.S. , Bonjardim Leonardo R. , Quintans-Júnior Lucindo J. , Mendes Rosemairy L. , Almeida Jackson R.G.S.
Published: June 2016

Annona vepretorum Mart. (Annonaceae) is a species popularly known in Brazil as “araticum” and “pinha da Caatinga”. We have evaluated the antinociceptive effects of A. vepretorum in formalin-, capsaicin-, and glutamate-induced orofacial nociception in mice. Male Swiss mice were pretreated with either saline (p.o.), A. vepretorum ethanol extract (Av-EtOH 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.), or morphine (10 mg/kg, i.p.), before formalin, capsaicin, or glutamate was injected into the right upper lip. Pre-treatment with Av-EtOH at all doses produced a reduction in face-rubbing behavior induced by formalin in both phases, and these pre-treatments also produced a significant antinociceptive effect in the capsaicin and glutamate tests. Pre-treatment with naloxone (1.5 mg/kg, i.p.) did not reverse the antinociceptive activity of the extract at the dose of 100 mg/kg in the first phase of this test. Our results suggest that Av-EtOH might be useful in the treatment of orofacial pain.
Neural Representation of Concurrent Vowels in Macaque Primary Auditory Cortex
Authors: Fishman Yonatan I. , Micheyl Christophe , Steinschneider Mitchell
Published: June 2016

Successful speech perception in real-world environments requires that the auditory system segregate competing voices that overlap in frequency and time into separate streams. Vowels are major constituents of speech and are comprised of frequencies (harmonics) that are integer multiples of a common fundamental frequency (F0). The pitch and identity of a vowel are determined by its F0 and spectral envelope (formant structure), respectively. When two spectrally overlapping vowels differing in F0 are presented concurrently, they can be readily perceived as two separate “auditory objects” with pitches at their respective F0s. A difference in pitch between two simultaneous vowels provides a powerful cue for their segregation, which in turn, facilitates their individual identification. The neural mechanisms underlying the segregation of concurrent vowels based on pitch differences are poorly understood. Here, we examine neural population responses in macaque primary auditory cortex (A1) to single and double concurrent vowels (/a/ and /i/) that differ in F0 such that they are heard as two separate auditory objects with distinct pitches. We find that neural population responses in A1 can resolve, via a rate-place code, lower harmonics of both single and double concurrent vowels. Furthermore, we show that the formant structures, and hence the identities, of single vowels can be reliably recovered from the neural representation of double concurrent vowels. We conclude that A1 contains sufficient spectral information to enable concurrent vowel segregation and identification by downstream cortical areas.
Neasmenuojamosios veiksmažodžių formos – vertimo rifa
Authors: Brazauskienė Jelena , Miškinienė Irena
Published: June 2016

Nekelia abejoniø tai, kad þmogaus, norinèio tapti geru vertëju, þodynas (aktyvusis ir pasyvusis) turi bûti kuo platesnis, nes në vienas dvikalbis þodynas tiesiog negali aprëpti visos þodþiø vartosenos visovës. Taip pat vertëjui yra svarbu gerai iðmanyti ir savo gimtosios, ir iðmoktos kalbos morfologinës sistemos ypatumus. Atrodo, kad kalbø mokymo sistema tuo ir yra grindþiama: mokome ir mokomës „naujø þodþiø“ ir „gramatikos“. Taèiau mokydami vertimo, neturëtume pamirðti, kad yra labai svarbu kreipti dëmesá á kalbø gramatinius ypatumus bei gretinti juos.
Translation as a learning tool in English for specific purposes
Authors: Kavaliauskienė Galina , Kaminskienė Ligija
Published: June 2016

Susidomėjimą vertimu kaip metodu anglų kalbos mokyme ir mokymesi specialiesiems tikslams (ESP) skatina jo privalumai – aiškumas bei tikslumas. Šiame straipsnyje analizuojami studentų vertinimai, kokias užduotis atliekant jiems prisireikia gimtosios kalbos anglų kalbos užsiėmimuose. Tyrimas rodo, kad visiems besimokantiems gimtoji kalba (L1) yra paranki, tačiau tai, kiek ja remiamasi, priklauso nuo antrosios kalbos (L2) žinių. Gautų duomenų analizė atskleidžia, jog tariamai subjektyvus studentų gimtosios kalbos poreikis užsienio kalbos mokymesi yra pastovus kokybinis ir vertybinis faktorius ir gali būti tiksliai matuojamas Socialinių mokslų statistinio paketo (SPSS) pagalba.
Šarkos simbolis frazeologiniuose vokiečių ir lietuvių pasaulio modeliuose: lyginamasis tyrimas
Authors: Masiulionytė Virginija
Published: June 2016

Šiame straipsnyje, remiantis pasaulio modelio teorija, lyginamas ŠARKOS simbolis vokiečių ir lietuvių frazeologijoje. Pasaulio modelis – tai semiotizuotas konstruktas, atspindintis tam tikros kalbinės ir kultūrinės bendruomenės žvilgsnį į pasaulį bei vertybinę orientaciją. Svarbų vaidmenį pasaulio modelyje atlieka simboliai – ženklai, kurių konotacinės reikšmės tampa svarbesnės nei denotacinės ir kurie padeda tos bendruomenės nariams orientuotis socialinėje ir kultūrinėje aplinkoje. Pasitelkus ŠARKOS simbolį, bandoma gretinti jo reikšmes dviejų bendrai Europos erdvei priklausančių tautų pasaulio modeliuose, drauge ieškant sąlyčio ir skirties taškų tarp kultūros (liaudies tikėjimų, tautosakos, mitologijos, religijos) ir kalbos. Atliktas tyrimas leidžia teigti, kad ŠARKOS vaizdinys vokiečių ir lietuvių tautose turi daugiau panašumų nei skirtumų, ką būtų greičiausiai galima paaiškinti ir bendra indoeuropietiška praeitimi, ir kultūriniais mainais. Taipogi reikėtų paminėti abipusę kultūrinių ir kalbinių vaizdinių įtaką priskiriant simboliui – šiuo atveju ŠARKAI – tam tikras reikšmes.
Cornelia Feyrer. Rezension über das Lehrbuch für Germanistikstudierende
Authors: Daunorienė Justina , Masiulionytė Virginija , Plaušinaitytė Lina
Published: June 2016

Das von Justina Daunorienë, Virginija Masiulionytë und Lina Plauðinaitytë gestaltete und herausgegebene Lehrwerk Gegenwartsdeutsch stellt ein, wie die Autorinnen selbst sagen, zweibändiges „themenbezogenes Lehr und Arbeitsbuch“ (Vorwort/Bd. 1) dar, das sich v. a. an litauische Studierende der Germanistik bzw. an Studierende anderer Studiengänge mit sehr guten Deutschkenntnissen richtet. In die vorliegende Fassung sind Evaluierungsergebnisse aus Umfragen zur Lerner- und Benutzerfreundlichkeit des Lehrwerks eingeflossen, dementsprechend anspruchsvoll ist es auch konzipiert.
Preface
Authors: Šeškauskienė Inesa , Žeimantienė Vaiva
Published: June 2016

This volume includes articles based on linguistic papers given at the International Conference marking the 40th anniversary of the Department of English Philology and the Department of German Philology of Vilnius University held 18-20 September 2008. The articles cover a large variety of linguistic topics ranging from theoretical to applied, from historical to contemporary dimensions of language study. Many linguists seem to give preference to the contrastive axis of study which often offers a framework of research opening a multitude of vistas onto the same data or phenomena. We are grateful to all contributors of the volume: guests of the Conference, teachers and doctoral students of the Department of English Philology and the Department of German Philology. Our special thanks go to our Teachers—professors of the Departments who worked in the Departments in the years of Soviet occupation and whose dedication and energy made this anniversary a reality. We are also grateful to the sponsors of the Conference without whose generosity the event would have been impossible: the Lithuanian Foundation for Culture at the Ministry of Culture, Emmy Huetemann Fund, the Embassy of Austria in Lithuania, UAB Alumnus, VU Faculty of Philology, VU Saturday School of English and VU Department of Translation Studies.
Žodžio LIEBE lizdo indėlis į meilės konceptualizavimą vokiečių meilės lyrikoje
Authors: Drößiger Hans-Harry
Published: June 2016

Šiame straipsnyje žodžių lizdo bendrajam žodžiui vok. Liebe, konceptualizuojant MEILĘ, skiria­mas didžiausias dėmesys. Šioje analizėje svarbiausia yra tai, kokiais būdais stipriausia iš visų taip vadinamų pozityvių emocijų buvo konceptualizuota vokiečių meilės lyrikoje ir kokia jos kalbinė išraiška kaip literatūrinio diskurso dalis. Remiantis Walterio von der Vogelweidės, svarbiausių romantizmo ir ekspresionizmo poetų bei Evos Strittmatter darbais, šiame straipsnyje aprašomas žodžio Liebe lizdas, sukuriant semantinę kognityvinę erdvę žodžiui MEILĖ kaip mūsų žinojimo kompleksinės srities erdvę. Todėl remiantis semantinių kognityvinių erdvių modeliu parodoma, kad šio žodžių lizdo kūrimas ir struktūros sudarymas yra neatskiriami nuo kitų semantinių kognityvinių procesų ir vienas kitą papildo.
Language-Specific Existential Sentence Types: a Case Study of Lithuanian
Authors: Kalėdaitė Violeta
Published: June 2016

The article is devoted to the analysis of a specific syntactic structure in Lithuanian, the BKI construction. This type of sentence is also attested in Russian, where it has got a wide coverage. The BKI construction in Lithuanian is made up of the following elements: (i) a form of the existential verb būti ‘be’, (ii) the k-word, and (iii) the infinitive. The type is attested both in positive and negative forms. The peculiarity of the construction has been noted by a number of Lithuanian scholars, however, no link has been recognized between the semantic content of the sentence, the existential verb būti ‘be’, and the syntactic structure of the construction. The data used for the analysis (2,000 entries) are taken from Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos tekstynas at http://donelaitis.vdu.lt. In the article the author offers a new approach to the analysis of the BKI construction and claims that it represents a language-specific existential structure. Evidence is presented to the effect that the BKI construction in Lithuanian is a syntactic synonym of the existential type ‘proper’. [...]
Brūkšnelio reikšmė sudurtinių žodžių įsitvirtinimui kalboje
Authors: Satkauskaitė Danguolė
Published: June 2016

Viena iš vokiečių kalbos ypatybių – gausybė kartais net itin ilgų ir sudėtingų sudurtinių žodžių. Skaitymui palengvinti kartais vartojamas brūkšnelis. Daugelis lingvistų pastebi, kad jis vartojamas pernelyg dažnai ir nevienodai, be sistemos. Išnagrinėjus dažniausiai vartojamus sudurtinius žodžius su komponentais Computer ir Web vokiečių kalboje paaiškėjo, kad visgi egzistuoja tam tikri dėsniai bei tendencijos. Įrodyta, kad brūkšnelis vartojamas dažniau, jei pats sudurtinis žodis ar jo sudeda­mosios dalys nauji, neįprasti, dar neįsitvirtinę kalboje. Ir priešingai – tie sudurtiniai žodžiai, kurie kalboje gyvuoja ilgiausiai ir vartojami dažniausiai, paprastai rašomi kartu, t. y. be brūkšnelio.
Sakinys– tekstas– diskursas. Pamąstymai apie teksto lingvistikos statusą ir uždavinius
Authors: Schiewe Jürgen
Published: June 2016

Straipsnis skirtas teksto lingvistikai, jos objekto aptarimui, remiantis teksto lingvistikos problemas na­grinėjančiais teoriniais darbais. Autorius išsamiai apžvelgia įvairių tyrėjų požiūrį į tekstą, analizuoja teksto sąvokos problemas, teksto požymius, leidžiančius tekstą vadinti komunikacijos vienetu. Pabrė­žiama, kad tekstas dažnai traktuojamas kaip pirminis komunikacijos vienetas, tačiau jis funkcionuoja ir kaip diskurso sudėtinė dalis. Straipsnyje skiriamas dėmesys teksto ir diskurso santykiui. Siūloma lingvistiniuose tyrimuose eiti nuo sakinio prie teksto, po to prie diskurso ir atgal – nuo diskurso prie teksto, prie sakinio ir net prie žodžio, garso bei rašybos ženklo.
Pasenusi leksika ir naujažodžiai dvikalbiuose žodynuose
Authors: Melnikienė Danguolė
Published: June 2016

Sudarant naujų dvikalbių žodynų antraštynus, didžiausia paspara jos autoriams turėtų būti abiejų gretinamų kalbų vienakalbiai žodynai. Tačiau iki šiol Lietuvoje aktyviųjų dvikalbių žodynų rengėjai neturi patikimo, dabartinę lietuvių kalbos būklę atspindinčio leksikografinio šaltinio – bendrinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas iki šiol nėra neišleistas. Taigi jie yra priversti tapti lietuvių kalbos normintojais, t. y. įtraukti ne tik „Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodyne“ esančią pagrindinio žodyninio fondo leksiką, bet ir iš įvairių pirminių šaltinių atrinkti žodžių, kurie plačiai vartojami visuomenėje, tačiau kol kas nėra legalizuoti. Kita vertus, leksikografams tenka atmesti kai kuriuos ankstesniuose žodynuose užfiksuotus, bet dabar jau nebevartojamus lietuvių kalbos žodžius. Vadinasi, kiekviename dvikalbiame žodyne neišvengiamai susiduriama su subjektyviuoju faktoriumi, dėl kurio leidinyje gali atsirasti tam tikras disbalansas tarp jame teikiamos pasenusios ir neseniai vartosenoje atsiradusios leksikos kiekio. Šio darbo tikslas – panagrinėti, kokios tendencijos vyrauja lietuviškuose dvikalbiuose leidiniuose, į jų antraštynus įtraukiant archaizmus ir naujažodžius, aptarti šio tipo leksikos svarbą ir funkcijas žodynų makrostruktūroje. Analizės objektu yra pasirinkti devyni didelės apimties dvikalbiai žodynai, išleisti mūsų šalies leidyklose 2000-2006 metais.
Zu einer Grammatik des Deutschen und des Litauischen im Vergleich: Bestandsaufnahme, Konzeption und Perspektiven
Authors: Geyer Klaus , Žeimantienė Vaiva
Published: June 2016

Straipsnyje nagrinėjami konceptualieji lyginamosios vokiečių ir lietuvių kalbos gramatikos klausimai. Apžvelgiami pagrindiniai gramatikografijos ir lyginamosios kalbotyros darbai, į kuriuos reikia atsižvelgti renkantis teorinį lyginamosios gramatikos pagrindą. Straipsnio pradžioje trumpai aptariamas terminų lyginamasis (vergleichend), istorinis-lyginamasis(historisch-vergleichend), tipologinis (typologisch), kontrastyvinis (kontrastiv) ir gretinamasis(konfrontativ) metodas vartojimas. Keliami klausimai, kaip rašant lyginamąją vokiečių ir lietuvių kalbos gramatiką būtų galima taikyti įvairius lyginamuosius ar tipologinius bei kontrastyvinius aspektus. Toliau straipsnyje pristatoma diskusija, skirta pastaraisiais metais pasirodžiusioms vokiečių kalbos gramatikoms, kuriose vokiečių kalba lyginama su kitomis kalbomis, atkreipiamas dėmesys į šių gramatikų privalumus ir trūkumus. Be to, aptariamos gramatikų naudotojų grupės, gramatikų naudojimo ypatumai. Svarstoma, kokiai naudotojų grupei turėtų būti skirta vokiečių ir lietuvių kalbos lyginamoji gramatika. Straipsnyje taip pat pateikiama trumpa vokiečių ir lietuvių kalbų lyginamųjų darbų apžvalga. Straipsnio pabaigoje pristatoma vokiečių ir lietuvių kalbos lyginamosios gramatikos koncepcija ir brėžiama tolesnių darbų perspektyva.