bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adoption of a design-based research approach to improve understanding about complex educational problems
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh , Shrivastava Prateek
Published: December 2021

Over the past couple of decades, remarkable progress occurred in medical education research. However, most of the ongoing research did not seem to have added much to the existing literature. Thus, our understanding has not shown considerable improvement. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out in the PubMed search engine, and a total of six articles were selected based on the suitability with the current review objectives and analyzed. Design-based research targets complex educational problems in the real world, with an ultimate intention to enhance learning among the students and not justify the superiority of one teaching–learning method. In conclusion, the framework of design-based research plays a significant role in the better understanding and resolving of complex educational problems. Further, considering the encouraging results obtained in different educational problems, it is the need of the hour that all the educational researchers should adopt a design-based research approach for gaining an in-depth understanding of the local educational problems.
Cancer mortality pattern in a resource-poor country: A Case study of a teaching hospital in the southeast region of Nigeria
Authors: Ndukwe Chinedu , Ndukwe Chinwe , Ike Kenechi , Eziagu Uchechukwu
Published: December 2021

Background: There are many studies on the pattern and incidence of cancer, but there are few documented works on cancer mortality (CM). Even fewer are African studies on CM that encompass all cancers and reveal the relative contributions of the various cancers to the overall burden of CM. This retrospective study was therefore performed to determine the types and patterns of cancer deaths in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Southeast, Nigeria, during the 10-year period from 2010 to 2019. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from the death data files in the mortuary unit of the department of anatomic pathology. These death data document the cause of death as issued by the attending medical/surgical/oncology teams or the pathologist that performed an autopsy on the deceased. Data collected included the deceased's age, sex, and underlying cause and date of death. Results: One thousand one hundred and sixty-six deaths (representing 10.3% of all hospital deaths) were due to cancers. There were 472 (40.5%) males and 694 (59.5%) females in the series (P < 0.001), giving a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.5. The mean age for males was 53.2 ± 22.6 years and that of females was 48.3 ± 17.9 years. A bimodal age distribution pattern of CM was noticed with peaks in the 0–10-year and 51–60-year age groups (P < 0.001). The second peak occurs a decade earlier in females (51–60 years) than in males (61–70 years). In terms of type, breast, liver, and hematological malignancies were among the top three causes of cancer deaths. Cancers of the breast, liver, hematolymphoid tissues, ovary, and cervix were the largest contributors to the cancer-associated mortality burden among females. Prostate, liver, hematological, pancreas, and colorectal malignancies were the leading cause of CM among males. Hematological malignancies resulted in the death of more children and young adults younger than 31 years. Breast and liver cancers accounted for the most cancer deaths that affected patients in the 31–60-year-old age group, while deaths due to prostate cancer predominated in those above 60 years of age. Conclusion: Cancers have remained a vital cause of mortality in our setting. Screening for premalignant lesions, early detection, and treatment of cancers are therefore keys to improving dismal outcomes.
Real world efficacy and safety of nintedanib in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A single center, observational study from India
Authors: Talwar Deepak , Prajapat Deepak Kumar , Talwar Dhruv
Published: December 2021

Background:

Efficacy and safety of nintedanib in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has been established by multiple clinical trials. This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of nintedanib in real-world IPF patients in India.

Methods:

Clinical records of IPF patients (prescribed with nintedanib) visiting tertiary pulmonary care center, between June 2016 and December 2019, were analyzed retrospectively. Data were analyzed for forced vital capacity (FVC), Diffusing capacity of lung for carbon monoxide(DLCO), 6-min walk distance (6-MWD). Acute exacerbations and adverse events were also analyzed.

Results:

A total of 76 IPF patients were prescribed with nintedanib. Drug was prescribed at 100 and 150 mg BD dose to 37 and 39 patients. Ten patients (13.1%), of which eight were over the age of 60 years, died during the study period. Only 42 patients visited for follow-up. Mean baseline FVC was 1.67 L and mean annualized absolute change in FVC and FVC % predicted was −0.07 L and −1.80%, respectively. Mean baseline DLCO was 37.21% and mean annualized absolute change in DLCO % predicted was-2.20%. At follow-up, 1 (2.38%), 17 (40.47%), and 24 (57.14%) patients were at Deparatment of Internal Medicine stage I, II, and III, respectively. Acute exacerbations and adverse events were reported by 48 and 6 patients, respectively.

Conclusion:

Our results support the findings from previous studies, that nintedanib leads to annual decline in parameters such as FVC and DLCO and increased 6-MWD. It was found to be well tolerated in the Indian patients with IPF.
Bacterial diversity in vadose cave pools: evidence for isolated ecosystems
Authors: Read Kaitlin , Melim Leslie , Winter Ara , Northup Diana
Published: December 2021

Microbial diversity of cave pools, especially vadose pools, has received relatively little attention. To help fill this gap, this study reports on the bacterial diversity of 17 pools in three New Mexican arid land caves: Carlsbad Cavern, Lechuguilla Cave, and Hell Below Cave. These pools are spread throughout the caves and, with two exceptions, are not connected. The pools share a basic water chemistry, with fresh water of the calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate type. These 17 pools have Chao1 values between 40 and 1738; the Shannon diversity averages 4.6 ± 1.1, ranging from 2.6 to 6.4; and the Simpson averages 0.881 ± 0.099, ranging from 0.622 to 0.981. No two pools had the same communities, even at the phylum level. Nitrospirae, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria were found >5% abundance in nine or more cave pools. Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Fibrobacteres, Firmicutes and Plantomycetes were at >5 % in four to six pools. Of the top ten widespread bacterial genera, Nitrospira was found in all pools, with >5 % in eleven pools. Other common genera include Polyclorovans, Propionibacterium, Polaromonas, Haliangium, Bacillus, Subgroup 6 uncultured Acidobacteria, Candidatus Omnitrophica, and uncultured Nitrosomonadaceae. Presence of several potential nitrogen cycling bacteria (e.g., Nitrospira) in the study pools suggests that nitrogen cycling may be an important bacterial role. There is some evidence of human contamination, particularly in the heavily visited Big Room, Carlsbad Cavern, but it is not the dominant control. Rather than a single stable cave pool community, adapted to the cave pool ecosystem, the data show 17 different communities, despite relatively similar conditions. The data support the hypothesis that each pool is a unique, isolated ecosystem, with differences likely caused more by the isolation of each pool than by variable chemistry. Thus, the common habit of grouping samples, while useful for some questions, may not capture the diversity present in cave ecosystems.
Онтологические основы упрощенных производств как формы осуществления правосудия
Authors: Толкачев Д.А.
Published: December 2021

Значительная часть проводимых в последние годы реформ в сфере гражданского и арбитражного судопроизводства направлена на оптимизацию процесса рассмотрения споров, поиск путей снижения судебной нагрузки при сохранении доступности и эффективности правосудия. Немалая роль в этой тенденции отведена развитию упрощенных производств, позволяющих достичь баланса между процессуальной экономией и сохранением традиционных основ цивилистического процесса. Создание упрощенных производств продиктовано стремлением достичь результатов правосудия при минимальных затратах, обеспечив его доступность и эффективность. В связи с этим особый интерес представляет исследование теоретических основ упрощенного порядка рассмотрения споров судами, вопросов дифференциации судебных процедур в рамках исковой формы защиты субъективных прав и редукционных границ упрощения гражданской (арбитражной) процессуальной формы.
Smart Agent and it’s effect on Artificial Intelligence : A Review Study
Authors: Asaad Renas Rajab , Ashqi Saeed Veman , Masud Abdulhakim Revink
Published: December 2021

Current networking technologies, as well as the ready availability of large quantities of data and knowledge on the Internet-based Infosphere, offer tremendous opportunities for providing more abundant and reliable information to decision makers and decision support systems. The use of the Internet has increased at a breakneck pace. Some prevailing features of the Infosphere, however, have hindered successful use of the Internet by humans or decision support machine systems. To begin with, the information available on the internet is disorganized, multi-modal, and spread around the globe on server pages. Second, every day, the number and variety of data sources and services grows dramatically. In addition, the availability, type, and dependability of information services are all changing all the time. Third, the same piece of knowledge can be obtained from a number of different sources. Fourth, due to the complex existence of information sources and possible information updating and maintenance issues, information is vague and probably incorrect. As a result, collecting, filtering, evaluating, and using information in problem solving is becoming increasingly difficult for a human or computer device. As a consequence, identifying information sources, accessing, filtering, and incorporating data in support of decision-making, as well as managing information retrieval and problem-solving efforts of information sources and decision-making processes, has become a critical challenge. To fix this issue, the idea of "Intelligent Software Agents" has been suggested. Although a precise definition of an intelligent agent is still a work in progress, the current working definition is that Intelligent Software Agents are programs that act on behalf of their human users to perform laborious information gathering tasks such as locating and accessing information from various on-line information sources, resolving inconsistencies in the retrieved information, filtering out irrelevant data.
Robust Optimization for Food Supply Chain Management Problems: A Critical Review and its Novelty
Authors: Irmansyah Athaya Zahrani , Subiyanto Subiyanto
Published: December 2021

Optimization problems in real life often have problems with data that cannot be known precisely; constraints on the data are commonly referred as errors. This kind of data is called uncertainty. This uncertainty problem can be solved using Robust Optimization (RO). RO is growing rapidly with the participation of various kinds of research, especially the supply chain (distribution of food or goods between regions). It can be seen that RO is very active in providing support and contribution in various aspects of life by providing optimal results for an objective function and dealing with existing limitations and data uncertainty. This article discusses the background of the problem and the purpose of creating an article, provides an overview of bibliometric map analysis methods and discusses literature and studies. Critical review from OR database articles for supply chain problems are used as a reference, so at the end, it can be determined what novelty is an opportunity for further research.
Transmission of Special Autonomic Funds in the Economy through Mediation Variables
Authors: Wijayanti Sri Wulan , Jamal Abd. , Syathi Putri Bintusy
Published: December 2021

This study analyzes the effect of special autonomy funds on physical infrastructure, education, health, and poverty as well as its effect on economic growth in Aceh Province. The effect seen is the direct or indirect effect that occurs between the realization of special autonomy funds on economic growth in Aceh Province. The physical infrastructure variables represented by the length of the road, education represented by the average length of schooling, health represented by life expectancy, and poverty represented by the percentage of poor population were intervening variables. The intervening variable is a variable that is considered capable of mediating between the independent variables and the dependent variable. The analysis model used in this study is path analysis so as to be able to see the direct and indirect effects of an independent variable on the dependent variable. The results found in this study are the realization of special autonomy funds has a direct effect on economic growth. While the indirect effect is given by the variable realization of special autonomy funds on economic growth through the length of the road, life expectancy, and the percentage of poor people. The variable of average length of schooling does not have an indirect effect between the realization of special autonomy funds on the economic growth of Aceh Province.
The Interpretation of Graphical Features Applied to Mapping SWOT by the Architecture Students in the Design Studio
Authors:   Department of Architecture, School of Architecture and Built Environment, College of Science and Technology, the University of Rwanda, Rwanda, Tafahomi Rahman , Nadi Reihaneh ,   Independent researcher
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study is to gain an understanding of how the architecture students deploy a range of graphical features to visualize SWOT, standing for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. Architectural design studios provide students with a range of analytical techniques, and SWOT analysis is considered to be useful and effective, particularly at urban-scale design projects. However, it is a text-based framework and needs to be converted to thematic analysis maps across architecture and design fields. The main issue is that the determining factors affecting the way in which students choose graphical features to map the outputs of SWOT analysis is unclear at architectural design studios. The research employed qualitative methods, specifically observation, focus group, and graphical analysis, to examine SWOT maps produced by the architecture students. The findings demonstrated that the selection of graphical features in the process of producing SWOT analysis maps are dependent on scale of study (macro, meso, and micro), as well as location, spatial connection, and size of elements derived from SWOT matrix. For instance, lines and planes were most frequent features at macro level while the variety of symbols remarkably increased at micro level. In conclusion, the students personalized the process of mapping, meaning that they applied point, line, plane (shape), color, texture, and typography in several different ways. Therefore, SWOT analysis not only help architecture students to better understand the problems of their design projects, organize and consolidate information, and visualize opportunities and constraints, but could lead to the representation of realistic solutions in an innovative way.
Impact of Nanotechnology on Environment – A Review
Authors: Subhadra Rajpoot
Published: December 2021

The world is facing significant environmental challenges like improving the standard of air, soil, and water. Currently, industry is that specialize in detecting pollutants (from chemical spills, fertilizer and pesticide run-off), improving industrial and mining sites, treating contaminants and stopping further pollution. A potential solution to those problems is to use nanomaterials. Nanomaterials are often wont to assist with cleaning the environment and even provide efficient energy solutions, like nanomaterial based solar cells additionally to the present, nanomaterials help to enhance the standard and performance of the many consumer products. As results of this, the exposure to made nanomaterials is increasing day-by-day. However, there are both positive and negative impacts on the environment thanks to nanotechnology.Recent advances in nanotechnology have shown numerous societal benefits through the event or improvement of smart materials. Several engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are produced during the last years which will be found in related sectors like health, food, home, automotive, electronics, and computers (Hansen et al., 2016). The estimated output of ENMs produced was up to 270,000 metric tons/year and during this case considering only SiO2, TiO2, FeOx, AlOx, ZnO, and CeO2 nanoparticles.
ROLE OF MANSIK BHAVAS ON IMMUNITY W.S.R. TO COVID-19
Authors: Bhatnagar Sanjay Kumar , Sharma Rajesh Kumar , Sharma Dinesh Chandra
Published: December 2021

The world was confronted with an illness 'COVID-19', caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. This novel coronavirus is highly contagious and in just a few months has become a serious threat to human health all over the world. It was declared as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the end of January 2020 and a pandemic in March 2020. In addition to the public health challenges, this pandemic has created another parallel pandemic of mental health problems. There are many relations of doing panic and getting the disease and the pos- sibility of Mansik Bhavas like fear (Bhaya), anger (Krodha), grief (Shoka) and not follow Sadvrutta can be the cause or precipitating factor of infection to any person. Ayurveda and modern point of view agree to the statement that different Mansik Bhavas like Bhaya, Krodha, Shoka and not follow Sadvrutta etc. can lead to or can act as Hetu for many diseases like COVID-19 etc. and hence there is the existence of a relation between these Mansik Bhavas and Vyadhi Utpatti. Furthermore, the existing mental health problems have also been seen to exacerbate owing to this pandemic. The mental health problems are both seen among the community members and the healthcare pro- viders who are at the continuous forefront of service provision in healthcare settings. The best way of preventing COVID-19 infection is by enhancing an individual's body immunity. Some of the principles could be useful in mitigating the mental health issues that the current world is grappling with owing to COVID‐19. In this review article, we will understand the Role of Mansik Bhavas on immunity to COVID-19 with different references given in Ayurvedic texts, modern texts and articles.
Keywords: Ayurveda, COVID-19, Mansik bhavas (Bhaya, Krodha, Shoka and Sadvrutta), Immunity.
PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES DURING VAMAN PROCEDURE
Authors: Saini Sumeet , Pujar Muralidhar P , Kumar M Ashvini , B A Lohith
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Vaman karma (therapeutic emesis) is one of the five Shodhan (purificatory) procedures mentioned in Ayurveda. It helps to expel vitiated Doshas from Urdhvabhaga i.e. mouth. A person performing Vaman regularly has very less chances of suffering from any disease. It is used as both a preventive and curative measure in healthy and diseased persons, respectively. So here in this study efforts have been made to observe the physiological changes occurring in various parameters like Pulse rate, Blood Pressure, Temperature, and oxygen saturation at different intervals, before the onset of Vega, just after 3-4 sec of completion of Vega, and during the whole of the Vaman procedure to understand the safety aspects of the procedure in patients and healthy volunteers. Methods: 20 subjects were selected irrespective of gender and religion from IPD of the Department of Panchakarma; they are first prepared with Deepan-Pachan followed by Snehan and Swedan before Vaman karma. Results: on keen ob- servation, it was found that there is a lot of variation in heart rate and sudden fluctuation in blood pressure at the time of vega during Vaman procedure. Conclusion: Vaman karma can be performed safely by anyone with proper assessment and examination of the patient without any complication.
Keywords: Vaman, Panchakarma, physiological changes
EFFICACY EVALUATION OF EXTRACTS OF BRASSICA JUNCEA AND BRASSICA ALBA SEEDS AS POTENTIAL ANTIBACTERIAL AGENT-IN VITRO STUDY, AGAINST PYOGENIC MICROBES - STREPTOCOCCUS PYROGENS, STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND E.COLI
Authors: Parma Seema Nishant , Pawar Madhusudan N , M. K. Rehman , Wagh Madhuri
Published: December 2021

The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that about 80% of the world’s population depends primarily on traditional medicine.[1] Ayurveda is the science of life, which aims at building a healthy body with a sound mind. During the past few decades, and in recent Covid-19 Pandaemic situations traditional systems of medicines have become a topic of global importance. The number of emerging multidrug-resistant microbial strains is continuously increasing and has become one of the most serious threats to the successful treatment of infectious diseases. In this study, the antibacterial potentials of the extracts of water, Petroleum ether, methanol & Chloroform of Brassica juncea & Brassica alba seeds were tested against mentioned pyogenic bacteria. Given reports of Brassica species in the treatment of various infections since the Vedic period & Ayurveda, the seed oil had been investigated for its anti-microbial activity by several research workers. Some herbs from Rakshoghna Gana [2] were screened for their in vitro anti-microbial activity on E.Coli and Staphylococcus Aureus. Hence as a part of further research, Brassicajuncea and Brassica alba various extracts and crude oils were evaluated for antibacterial activity against pyogenic bacteria Streptococcus aureus, Staphylococcus aureus and E.Coli by Agar Cup Dilution Technique against standard chemotherapeutic agents, by using 12 antibiotics, sensitivity discs. In vitro study revealed out that crude oil of Brassica juncea and Brassica alba is not potent as standard antimicrobial agents, but water extract and methanol extract possess significant antimicrobial activity in Vitro. Both the extract possesses antimicrobial activity against all 3 pyogenic bacteria and potent as standard 12 antimicrobial drugs. The extracts showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, inhibition zones of bacteria strains ranged from 3-12 mm for Staphylococcus aureus,3-15mm for Streptococcus pyrogens 5-12mm for E. coli. The result of the study supports the immense medicinal properties of Brassica juncea which has revealed a significant scope to develop a novel broad spectrum of antibacterial herbal formulation. Again Brassica alba was found superior in antibacterial action as compared to Brassica juncea as its mention in Ayurved Lexicon Bhavprakash Nighantu,[3,4] results substantiate the same. This is further open for re- search workers to carry out further research work on this project and to see the phagocytic action of the drug, fix the dose of the drug, fractionization of water and methanol extracts by HPTLC separation of active principle as further drug development.
Keywords: Brassica juncea, Brassica alba, antibacterials agents, herbal medicine.
AN OPEN-LABEL CLINICAL TRIAL TO PROVE THE EFFICACY OF HIRUDOTHERAPY IN REDUCING THE INCREASED INTRA-OCULAR PRESSURE IN GLAUCOMA
Authors: N.J. Jeena
Published: December 2021

Glaucoma is a chronic disease condition prevalent globally leading to blindness. It results in optic neuropathy which is very difficult to manage. An increase in intraocular pressure is a cardinal feature in most cases. This study aims at lowering the intraocular pressure by leech therapy, which is a conventional treatment method described in Ayur- veda. Leech therapy was conducted in the selected patients and intraocular pressure before and after treatment were recorded. The study showed clinically and statistically significant changes in the intraocular pressure.
Keywords: Leech therapy, glaucoma, intraocular pressure
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF LEKHANBASTI AND MEDOHARAVIDANGADILAUHA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DYSLIPIDEMIA
Authors: Shabnam Ahmed Noor Sayeda , Gupta Om Prakash , Sarma Bishnu Prasad
Published: December 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of lekhanbasti and medoharavidangadilauha in the management of dyslipidemia. Consent from all the selected patients was taken before the study after explaining to them about the disease and the procedure. Ethical clearance was accredited by the ethical committee of Government Ayurvedic College and Hospital Guwahati, Assam. Patients from IPD and OPD of the department of Kayachikitsa of the aforesaid institute were chosen. Lekhanbasti niruha and tiltaila anuvasana on alternate days was administered for 8 days Follow up was done at an interval of 30,60 and 90 days. Oral intake of medoharavidangadilauha was advised during these 90 days. The basti was repeated in the follow-up period. After comparing the fasting lipid profile before and after treatment it was found that there was a significant change in it.
Keywords: Dyslipidemia, Lekhanbasti, Medoharavidangadilauha, Medoroga, Fasting lipid profile.
AN OBSERVATIONAL CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE SHIROROGA NIDANA IN CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT
Authors: V K Lavanya , M Arun Kumar , S Nagaraj
Published: December 2021

Shiroroga is a broad term encompassing various diseases of the head involving Rakta Dushti due to vitiated Doshas.[1] resulting in different neurovascular presentations, which is comparable with the vascular pathology of stroke. Cerebrovascular diseases include some of the most devastating disorders such as ischemic stroke and haemorrhagic stroke, which result in episodes of brain dysfunction.[2] Currently, the stroke incidents in India is much higher and prevention of stroke is the best option, through control and/or avoiding risk factors such as hypertension. Objectives: This calls for an evaluation of the possible Shiroroga Nidana in the development of Cerebro Vascular Accident (CVA) to identify more risk factors. Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, 30 subjects diagnosed with the cerebrovascular accident were selected. The probable incidence of Nidana (causes), in patients, were assessed through a questionnaire developed for the study. The recorded data were analysed with descriptive statistics. Results: Nidana, like Vegadharana and Rodana causes Rakta Dushti along with Vata Prakopa. Aharaja Nidanas of Shiroroga are similar to that of Rakta Dushti Nidana and directly causes Dhatu Pradooshana in the body. Manasika Nidana or anxiety and emotional stress acts as Vyanjaka or PrerakaHetu in Samprapti of Shiroroga. Conclusion: Bahya Hetu (external factors) triggers Dosha Kopa or causes Dhatu Pradooshana. In CVA patients, Vata Pradhana Tridosha Kopa and Rakta were vitiated to initiate the disease manifestation.
Keywords: Cerebrovascular Accident; Nidana; Shiras; Shiroroga; Stroke.
EFFICACY OF ASHWAGANDHA AND YASHTIMADHU VATI WITH SHARKARAYUKTA DUGDHA IN INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION (IUGR)
Authors: Pimpalshende Preeti , Kulkarni Mrudula B.
Published: December 2021

Background and Objective: To study the Efficacy of Ashwagandha and Yashtimadhu Vati with Sharkarayukta Dugdha in Intra-Uterine Growth Retardation (IUGR) and to see the side effects and adverse effects of Ashwagan- dha & Yashtimadhu during treatment. Methodology: The research was carried out at the Prasuti Avum StreeRoga Vibhag of Bharati Vidyapeeth’s Ayurved Hospital, Dhankawadi, Pune 43. In the clinical randomized study, a total of 25 patients, where they received Ashwagandha-2 BD (each vati 500mg) Yashtimadhu - 1 BD (each vati 500mg) with Sharkarayuktadugdhaand follow up after every 7 days for 1 month. Results: Comparing the as- sessment criteria before and after treatment, it was seen that there was significant action on IUGR. Treatment had no adverse effects in a clinical trial. Statistical Analysis: As per statistical analysis, Ashwagandha and Yash- timadhu Vati with Sharkarayukta Dugdha showed a significant effect. Conclusion: 1. In the present study, it has been proved that Ashwagandha Vati and Yashtimadhu Vati with Sharkarayukta Dugdha had a good effect on IUGR. 2. No adverse and side effects were found during or after the treatment neither on the mother nor on the fetus. Keywords: Ayurveda treatment, IUGR.
UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF KAPHA IN URUSTHAMBHA AND ITS CHIKITSA
Authors: Swathi Swathi , Acharya G Srinivasa , Aniruddha Aniruddha , Kamath Shrilatha
Published: December 2021

Lifestyle diseases are the burning problem today. The disease-causing lifestyles are Gramya achara, Apatarpana achara and Santarpana achara. The diseases which are caused due to such acharas are called lifestyle diseases. This is usually caused by unhealthy dietary habits and lack of physical exercise, leading to excess generation of Kapha and Medas. When this Kapha and Medas start accumulating in various parts of the body, it leads to Vyadhisankara / Aupasargika roga. Aupasargika roga includes Purvothpanna vyadhi / Purvarupa vyadhi and Upadrava vyadhi. Such type of Aupasargika roga is Urusthambha where the pathology can be divided into Purvarupa and Upadrava. Chikitsa also follows the pathology of the disease. The same has been attempted to capture in the below conceptual study.
Keywords: Santarpana achara, Aupasargika roga, Urustambha, Purvarupa Vyadhi, Upadrava vyadhi, Kapha, Meda.
PREVALENCE, PATHOGENESIS, CLASSIFICATION, IMAGING, SCREENING AND MANAGE-MENT OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY- A CRITICAL REVIEW
Authors: Chanchal Narender , Goyal Kushagra , Vij Divya , Mishra Rajesh Kumar
Published: December 2021

Diabetic retinopathy is that the leading reason for sightlessness among people between twenty-five and seventyfour years older within the industrialised world. Diabetes mellitus (DM) includes a heterogeneous cluster of disorders of carbohydrate, protein, and metastasis manifesting hyperglycemia. Diabetic retinopathy could be microangiopathy ensuing from the chronic effects of the disease, and shares similarities with the microvascular alterations that occur in different tissues at risk of DM equivalent to the kidneys and also the peripheral nerves. Diabetic retinopathy is assessed into nonproliferative and proliferative stages. Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) involves progressive intraretinal microvascular alterations that may result in, and a lot of advanced proliferative stages outlined by extraretinal neovascularization. Imaging modalities in common clinical use for the management of NPDR and DME embrace structure photography, fluorescein angiography (FA), and optical coherence tomography (OCT). The suggested schedule for screening and surveillance for NPDR reflects data concerning the epidemiology and natural history of the disease. Diabetic retinopathy could be a leading explanationfor vision loss in working-age Americans and a major cause of sightlessness worldwide. The International Diabetes Federation estimates that as several as 592 million individuals worldwide can have DM in 2035, a rise from or so 387 million people calculable to possess the disease in 2014. Here, we tend to present a review of the presentunderstanding and new insights into biochemical mechanisms within the pathological process in DR, classification, furthermore as clinical treatments for DR patients.
Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy, diabetes mellitus, retinal degeneration, fluoresces in angiography, optical coher- ence tomography, VEGF, focal/grid laser photocoagulation.
ANTIHYPERTENSIVE EFFECT OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS IN AYURVEDA: A REVIEW
Authors: Poonam Rathore , Sudipta Rath Kumar , Seema Bhagat
Published: December 2021

The 21st century is described as the age of anxiety and stress. This day-to-day stress and strain affect organs in the body through several psychophysical mechanisms. This is leading to the incidence of various psychosomatic dis- eases, such as the cardiovascular disorder like hypertension is quite significant. Hypertension is a multifactorial disease suffered by many people today. Current conventional treatments have done little to reduce the number of patients with hypertension because they are highly expensive and are usually associated with many side effects. About 80% of the world population relies on the use of traditional medicine, which is predominantly based on plant material. The present review aims to compile data and discuss numerous medicinal plants in Ayurveda possessing antihypertensive activity with other activities too.
Keywords: Hypertension, Medicinal Plants, Traditional Medicine, Antihypertensive Activity.
STUDY OF GIT RELATED KOSHTHANGA W.S.R. TO PAKWASHAYA
Authors: Gupta Pallavi , Nidhi Divya
Published: December 2021

Human anatomy is the science where human body structures are designed to enable complete physiological action thus establishing homeostasis of the human body. Acharya Sushruta had a keen observation about the human body reflecting that without the absolute knowledge of Rachana Sharir. Chikitsak cannot be considered an expert. In Ayurveda, the part of G.I.T. is mentioned in Koshthanga by various Acharya. These Koshthanga are Aamashaya, Pakwashaya, Purishdhara, Uttarguda, Adharguda, Kshudrantra etc. which are situated within the koshtha. In modern anatomy, G.I.T. or Alimentary canal includes all the structures between the mouth and anus, forming a continuous passageway that includes the main organ of digestion, namely the stomach small intestine and large intestine, each part of the Gastric intestinal tract is adapted to its specific function. The 'oesophagus' function primarily to conduct food rapidly from the pharynx to the stomach mixing along with the digestive juic- es, carrying out partial digestion and then propelling the food into the duodenum is the function of the stomach small intestine is designed for complete digestion and absorption of nutrients. Absorption of water and electrolyte from the chyme to form solid faeces is the function of the large intestine. Pakwashaya is the main organ related to the site of Vata Dosha, Purishvaha srotas, Purishdhara kala, Koshthanga and Aashaya. Pakwashaya plays an important role in formation of urine and digestion of food.
Keywords: Pakwashaya, Purish
A REVIEW ON TOXICITY OF GUNJA (ABRUS PRECATORIUS)
Authors: Kumar Praveen , Rajak Manish , Singh Jai Kumar
Published: December 2021

Gunja (Abrus precatorius Linn.) is a toxic plant which is described in various Samhita and other Ayurvedic texts. In Sushruta Samhita Vishaja dravyas are classified into Sthavara, Jangama and Kritima Visha. Gunja is mentioned in Sthavara Visha. In Sthavara Visha it is mentioned under Moolaja Adhisthan, which is one of the ten Adhisthan of Sthavara Visha. According to Rasa Tarangani Sthavara Visha are further divided into Mahavisha and Upavisha. Gunja is mentioned in Upavisha which is less potent toxic than Mahavisha. All parts of the plant are toxic, but the most toxic part is the seed which contains the active principle abrin. According to the modern concept, it is an irritant organic poison. In the Ayurvedic concept, if toxic plants are used after Shodhana process, they are useful in various types of diseases. The main aim of this study is to collect all the information related to Gunja and its toxicity.
Keywords: Gunja, Visha, Toxicity, Abrin, Shodhana
STHANIK CHIKITSA (LOCAL THERAPIES) IN STRI ROGA: CRITICAL REVIEW
Authors: Simran Simran , Sharma Shashi , Sharma Shikha
Published: December 2021

Ayurveda is one of the oldest systems of health gives a detail description of Stree Roga. Women combat with quite common gynecological problems like white discharge, itching at vulva, foul smelling vaginal discharge, burning micturition etc. Sthanik Chikitsa has given excellent results in these problems. Sthanik Chikitsa preferably includes Yonidhawan (Douching per vaginum), Yoni-Pichu (Tampooning per vaginum), Yoni Dhoopan (Fumigation of vagina), Yoni-Varti (Vaginal suppository), Yoni-Lepana (Vaginal painting), Uttarbasti (Medicated oil or decoction is pushed into the uterine cavity through vagina), Agnikarma (Cauterization) and Ksharakarma (Chemical cauterization) etc. In the present study all these local therapies are revised through ancient Samhitas, and these therapies are reviewed with their meanings, indications, procedures, application site and probable mode of actions. It is my sincere and optimistic effort to encourage most of the Ayurveda physician towards Sthanik Chikitsa in the management of Stree Rogas.
Keywords: Sthanikchikitsa, Local therapies, Stree Roga.
VAJRA KANJIKA – ITS BENEFITS ON SUTIKA
Authors: Kagga Rajani
Published: December 2021

A woman immediately after giving birth to a child is called Sutika. Various Acharya's have mentioned Sutika Kala as a very important period because the mother is prone to many complications following the delivery, where a lot of Rakta and Kleda are lost in the process of delivery leaving her vulnerable for various disorders. As we know Vata fills the Rikta Sthana and causes various disorders, in a similar way Sutika is very much prone to Vata disor- ders. Mainly we come across disorders like inadequacy of breast milk and Sutika Makkala (pain). Sthanya is very important in the growth and development of the newborn. It enhances the immunity of the child. Breast milk is babies specific hence one should adopt measures to improve lactation instead of depending on supplementary feeds. Another important condition is Sutika Makkala which is caused due to vitiation of Vata, and shows symptoms like severe discomfort, pain below the umbilical and bladder region, abdomen and cardiac region. At times the pain is so severe that a prickly sensation with a possibility of tearing of bowel or its perforation. These are associated with flatulence and retention of urine. In these above conditions, Vajra Kanjika is of utmost benefit. We get the reference of Vajrakanjika in Yogaratnakara in Ksheera Dosha Chikitsa Adhyaya. Vajra Kanjika contains the drugs like Pip- pali, Pippali mula, Chavya, Shunti, Yawanika, both Jeeraka’s, both Haridra’s, Vida and Souvarchala Lavana. It is indicated in Amavata, it is Vrishya, suppresses Kapha and Vata, increases appetite, cures Makkala Shula and in- creases the quantity of milk.In this article, an attempt is made to understand the probable mode of action of Vajra Kanjika in Sutika, Sutika Makkala and Sthanya kshaya.
Keywords: Vajra Kanjika, Sutika, Sutika Roga, Makkala, Sthanya Dosha.
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF BALYA MAHAKASHAYA ON THE BASIS OF THEIR RASAPANCHAK IN RELATION TO NIGHANTU: A REVIEW
Authors: Seema Bhagat , Aku Ramamurthy , Poonam Rathore
Published: December 2021

An impressive number of thousands of plants have been utilising for the treatment of diseases for thousands of years. Many of them are clearly explained in Ayurveda. In Ayurveda certain drugs manifest their action by their Rasa (taste); some by their Virya (potency) or other qualities, some by Vipaka (biological transformation) and others by their specific action. As per their Raspanchak, some of these drugs possesses an affinity for bala. The drugs that provide Bala (strength) and vitality to the body have been grouped under Balya mahakashaya by Acharya Charak. Bala (strength) plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. This study aimed to discuss the details of ten Balya Mahakashya drugs based on their Raspanchak i.e Rasa, Guna, Vi- rya, Vipaka and Karma and in relation to Bhavaprakash Nighantu, Dhanwantari Nighantu, Raj Nighantu and Kaiyadev Nighantu.
Keywords: Bala, Balya Mahakashaya, Raspanchak, Nighantu.
A REVIEW - PAIN MANAGEMENT THROUGH MARMA CHIKITSA
Authors: Jyoti Dhakad , Rita Marwaha , Nisha Bhalerav
Published: December 2021

Marma is literary communicate the sense of vital part of the body, these points are important in human body and injuries or mechanical involvement directly affecting the site of Marma. In Vedic Science, Chikitsa is divided into four parts Atharvani, Anagirasi, Daivi and Manushyja. The basics of Marma Chikitsa Considered as Angirasi Chikitsa. In this Rasa refer to the executive elements that control and carries out the various function of the body. Any trauma to Marma will surely produce pain or can cause death. Thus, the Marma Chikitsa help in maintaining the vitality of the body and treatment of disease.
Keywords: Marma, Pain, Shula, Vedna, Marma Chikitsa
CONCEPT OF KARMAJA VYADHI Priyanka C. Kallihal1, R Y. Timmapur2
ISSN: 2320-5091
Authors: Kallihal Priyanka C. , R Y. Timmapur
Published: December 2021

Vyadhi is a state in which the body and mind are subjected to pain and grief. In classics vyadhi have been divided into several types based on some characters in that Karmaja Vyadhi is one among them. We are perhaps confus- ing Karmaja vyadhi with karma. Karmaja vyadhi is a technical term in Ayurveda. Karma is a very huge term, and it includes everything we think, speaks or does. But if we come down to a narrower plane, we see vyadhis coming from different sources. Here papa karma is the main karana for Karmaja vyadhi so diagnosis of Karmaja vyadhi is not very easy. So, the present analysis is intended to highlight the ayurvedic aspect of karmaja vyadhi in elabo- rated form.
Keywords: Karmaja vyadhi, Papa Karma.
MANAGEMENT OF GARBHASHAYGATA ARBUD IN AYURVEDA W.R.T. UTERINE FIBROID – A SINGLE CASE STUDY
Authors: Agrawal Deepali J , Zanwar Ashish C
Published: December 2021

Uterine fibroid is the most common solid benign tumour which affects merely pre-menopause age. It is 3rd leading cause of hysterectomy. It gives a negative impact on women’s physical and social activities. A 45-year-old female patient approached the OPD complaining of heavy menstrual bleeding, heaviness in the abdomen, something coming out of the vagina. USG abdomen scan revealed a big myometrium fibroid in the fundus. She was suggest- ed a hysterectomy for the same. However, due to its complications patient was not willing for surgery. So, she was treated as per Ayurvedic basic line of treatment of Yoni Vyapad. She was administered Ashokarista and Chandraprabha Vati for 2 months along with two cycles of Yogbasti Chikitsa. After 2 months all symptoms were subsided. In follow up scan after 6 months revealed an absence of fibroid. During this treatment, the patient did not report any negative effects suggesting the progression of the disease. An attempt has been made for successful management of fibroid of the uterus in premenopausal age to relieve her symptoms. After menopause, the fibroid may be automatically shrinking due to a lack of oestrogen and progesterone. The case study will build confidence among ayurvedic practitioners to treat a fibroid of the uterus in premenopausal age with safe, non-invasive and non-hormonal management fibroid through Ayurveda,
Keywords: uterine fibroid, garbhashaygata arbud, basti, yoni vyapad
A SINGLE CASE STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT IN TIMIRA W.S.R. TO MYOPIA – A CASE STUDY
Authors: Rathore Kavita , Fiaz Shamsa
Published: December 2021

Introduction - Myopia is the most common Refractive error of the eye seen in children and young adults and it has become more prevalent in recent years and is a cause of concern the world over. Myopia commonly referred to as near or shortsightedness. Some of the clinical features of Vataja Timira can be correlated with Myopia. Timira is counted under the Drishtigata Rogas [1] described by Sushruta. Timira involving first and second patala in terms of symptoms, anatomical structures involved and the pathogenesis of the disease. Timira begins with the blurring of vision gradually leading to the deterioration of eyesight. Shastrokta lakshanas of Vatika Timira such as bhramantiva sa pashyati, aavil darshan, vyaavidha darshan, aruna darshan [2]. Materials and Methods - A 20-year-old male, came to Shalakya Tantra OPD in National Institute of Ayurveda, deemed to be University Jaipur (R.J.), with chief complaints of defective vision for distance in both eyes, pain in both eyes and watering from both eyes since 4 months. He was treated with Nasya, Netra Pariseka, one sitting of Tarpana, Triphala guggulu, Patoladi eyedrops and Netramritam eyedrops. Result - At the end of the study, improvement in the visual acuity in both eyes, improvement in pain in both eyes and watering from both eyes have reduced. Conclusion -Thus, it can be concluded that Ayurvedic treatments are helpful to control Myopia.
Keywords: Myopia, Nasya, Tarpana, Netra pariseka, Timira, Triphala Guggulu.
AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS – A CASE REPORT
Authors: Verma Saurav
Published: December 2021

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic, systemic, inflammatory disease that affects primarily sacroiliac joints and the spine. It is a gradually progressive condition over several years until structural damage manifests clinical- ly as sacroiliitis, loss of spinal mobility, extra-articular symptoms, peripheral arthritis and reduced quality of life. The onset is typically between the ages of 20 to 30, with a male preponderance of about 3:1. Modern science has very limited options to treat Ankylosing spondylitis. So, the necessity of management through Ayurveda is very much essential. Various Panchakarma procedures and internal Ayurvedic medicines have been proved beneficial in the management of Ankylosing spondylitis. The present report deals with a case of ‘Ankylosing spondylitis came to our hospital for Ayurvedic treatment. The patient was diagnosed as having 'Asthi-Majja Gata Vata’ ac- cording to Ayurveda and treated with various Panchakarma procedures and internal medicines for 60 days. A cri- terion of assessment was based on the scoring of 'Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI)'. Total two assessments were carried out before and after 60 days of treatment. The patient has shown good improvement on BASDAI (80% relief). Improvement was found in signs and symptoms like fa- tigue/tiredness, back/hip pain, tenderness and intensity as well as the duration of morning stiffness. Ayurvedic treatment seems to be promising in the management of Ankylosing spondylitis without causing any adverse effects.
Keywords: Ankylosing spondylitis; Asthi-Majja Gata Vata; Panchakarma; Ayurveda; Bath ankylosing spondyli- tis disease activity index (BASDAI)
El espíritu pensante: Engels en su bicentenario
Authors: Pavón-Cuéllar David , Pando Moreno Adán , González Jiménez Alejandro Fernando , Méndez Rojas Diana
Published: December 2021

Aún resulta insuficiente el debate que se ha abierto en torno al valor del trabajo que dejó Engels y poca la revaloración de su obra y de su aporte original. Razones por las cuales resulta de mayor relevancia el esfuerzo que resume esta obra. Componen el libro cinco ensayos que presentan una visión renovada sobre nuestro autor; miradas frescas que actualizan algunos aspectos de la obra de Friedrich Engels, asuntos que sin duda mantienen relevancia y que abren caminos para profundizar el estudio de los aportes del revolucionario alemán.