bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Band alignment and defect states in amorphous GaInZnO thin films grown on SiO2/Si substrates
Authors: Heo Sung , Chung JaeGwan , Lee Jae Cheol , Song Taewon , Kim Seong Heon , Yun Dong‐Jin , Lee Hyung Ik , Kim KiHong , Park Gyeong Su , Oh Jong Soo , Kwak Dong Wook , Lee DongWha , Cho Hoon Young , Tahi Dahlang , Kang Hee Jae , Choi Byoung‐Deog
Published: April 2016

The band alignment and defect states of GaInZnO thin films grown on SiO2/Si via radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering were investigated by using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy, thermally stimulated exo‐electron emission and photo‐induced current transient spectroscopy.The band gap via reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy was 3.2 eV. The defect states via photo‐induced current transient spectroscopy and thermally stimulated exo‐electron emission were at 0.24, 0.53, 1.69 and 2.01 eV below the conduction band minimum of GIZO thin films, respectively. The defect states at 0.24 and 0.53 eV are related to the field‐effect mobility, and the defect stated at 1.69 and 2.01 eV is related to the oxygen vacancy defect. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ST8SIA4-Dependent Polysialylation is Part of a Developmental Program Required for Germ Layer Formation from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Berger Ryan P. , Sun Yu Hua , Kulik Michael , Lee Jin Kyu , Nairn Alison V. , Moremen Kelley W. , Pierce Michael , Dalton Stephen
Published: April 2016

Polysialic acid (PSA) is a carbohydrate polymer of repeating α-2,8 sialic acid residues that decorates multiple targets, including neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). PST and STX encode the two enzymes responsible for PSA modification of target proteins in mammalian cells, but despite widespread polysialylation in embryonic development, the majority of studies have focused strictly on the role of PSA in neurogenesis. Using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), we have revisited the developmental role of PST and STX and show that early progenitors of the three embryonic germ layers are polysialylated on their cell surface. Changes in polysialylation can be attributed to lineage-specific expression of polysialyltransferase genes; PST is elevated in endoderm and mesoderm, while STX is elevated in ectoderm. In hPSCs, PST and STX genes are epigenetically marked by overlapping domains of H3K27 and H3K4 trimethylation, indicating that they are held in a “developmentally-primed” state. Activation of PST transcription during early mesendoderm differentiation is under control of the T-Goosecoid transcription factor network, a key regulatory axis required for early cell fate decisions in the vertebrate embryo. This establishes polysialyltransferase genes as part of a developmental program associated with germ layer establishment. Finally, we show by shRNA knockdown and CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing that PST-dependent cell surface polysialylation is essential for endoderm specification. This is the first report to demonstrate a role for a glycosyltransferase in hPSC lineage specification.
Tetranuclear Complexes with {M4O4} (M = CoII, NiII) Cubane‐Like Core: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Wang Yingying , Ma Yequn , Liu Rui , Yang Lulu , Tian Guangru , Sheng Ning
Published: April 2016

Two tetranuclear clusters of formula [M4L4(HOMe)4] {H2L = (E)‐1‐[(2‐(hydroxymethyl)phenylimino)methyl]naphthalen‐2‐ol} [M = Co (1), Ni (2)] were hydrothermally synthesized by reaction of M(OAc)2·4H2O with H2L and NaOH in MeOH. X‐ray crystal structure analysis revealed that complexes 1 and 2 are isostructural. In the core of the structures, four MII ions and four oxygen atoms occupied alternate vertices of [M4O4] cubane. The magnetic property measurements of 1 and 2 revealed that overall ferromagnetic MII···MII exchange interactions exist in both complexes.
Mobile Advertising: A Framework and Research Agenda
Authors: Grewal Dhruv , Bart Yakov , Spann Martin , Zubcsek Peter Pal
Published: April 2016

Mobile advertising allows retailers, service providers, and manufacturers to provide consumers with increasingly relevant offers. The success of such campaigns depends on an ever better understanding of environmental, consumer, and technological context variables; a strong focus on advertising goals; accounting for market factors related to the nature of stakeholders and market environment; and the use of appropriate mobile ad elements to improve relevant outcome metrics. This article provides an overarching framework to synthesize current findings in mobile advertising, as well as a research agenda to stimulate additional work in this nascent field.
Effect of lecithin on oxidative stress in an experimental model of rats colitis induced by acetic acid
Authors: Colares Josieli Raskopf , Schemitt Elizângela Gonçalves , Hartmann Renata Minuzzo , Moura Rosa Maria , Morgan-Martins Maria Isabel , Fillmann Henrique Sarubbi , Fillmann Lúcio , Marroni Norma Possa
Published: April 2016

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory disease that affects the bowels. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the progress of UC.

Objective Evaluate the antioxidant effect of lecithin in an experimental model of acute UC induced by administration of acetic acid (AA) in rats.

Methods Lecithin (0.5 mL/kg/day) administered orally 2 days before and after induction of colitis with 4% AA in a volume of 4 mL. Twenty-five male Wistar rats were divided in 5 groups: control (CO); control + lecithin (CO + LE); colitis (CL); colitis + lecithin (CL + LE); lecithin + colitis (LE + CL). Anal sphincter pressure, LPO (TBARS), and antioxidant activity of enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were measured, and a histological analysis with H&E was performed.

Results and discussion Anal sphincter pressure was significantly smaller in the CO group, lecithin treatment increased it in pre- and post-treated groups. LPO and SOD activity were increased in the CO group and decreased in the lecithin-treated groups. CAT activity was increased in CO group and decreased in lecithin groups. The histological analysis showed damage to the bowels with destruction of crypts, edema, and inflammatory infiltrate. Use of lecithin preserved the crypts and decreased the edema.

Conclusion Ulcerative colitis increased lipid peroxidation, and the use of lecithin was effective reducing damage to the bowels in the model of experimental colitis.
Perianal abscess: a descriptive analysis of cases treated at the Hospital Santa Marcelina, São Paulo
Authors: Neto Isaac José Felippe Corrêa , Wercka Janaína , Cecchinni Angelo Rossi Silva , Lopes Eduardo Augusto , Watté Hugo Henriques , Souza Rogério Freitas Lino , Rolim Alexander Sá , Robles Laercio
Published: April 2016

Introduction Perianal suppurations have an incidence of 1–2:10,000 inhabitants per year and represent about 5% of proctology consultations, more frequently in males, being rare in childhood. Although perianal or anorectal abscess is an entity of relatively simple diagnosis and treatment, in a considerable percentage of patients difficulties will be found, especially considering that the initial treatment of these patients is performed by non-specialist physicians.

Objective This is a retrospective survey of cases of perianal and anorectal abscess operated in Santa Marcelina Hospital between October 2011 and December 2014.

Patients and methods A retrospective study of patients operated on an emergency basis for perianal and/or anorectal abscess in Santa Marcelina Hospital between October 2011 and December 2014, being excluded patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Data of gender, age, clinical presentation, the season of the year in which the abscess occurred, time of progression of symptoms, comorbidities, signs of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) on admission, surgeries carried out, reoperations and clinical outcome were analyzed.

Results Electronic medical records of 52 patients (73.1% male) who underwent surgical treatment of anorectal and perianal abscess were analyzed. The mean overall age was 43.03 years, and all patients reported pain as the main symptom, with a mean time of symptoms of 6.5 days. As for the season of the year of onset and diagnosis of perianal abscess, 61.5% of patients had this pathology in the summer and spring months.

Conclusion In our study, it can be observed a higher incidence of perianal abscess in males and in the warmer months; furthermore, just over half of the patients developed perianal fistula in their progression.
A novel approach to lower rectal anastomosis: technique innovation and the preliminary report of twenty cases
Authors: Alibakhshi Abbas , Jahangiri Yosra , Sirati Fereydoun , Jalali Sayed Mahdi , Nikdad Mohammad Sadegh , Abbasi Arezou , Afarideh Mohsen
Published: April 2016

Background and aims To describe a practical technique innovation (transanal ‘Pull-through’ approach) as a feasible, safe and effective alternative to the conventional transabdominal stapler low rectal anastomosis in lesions of minimal anatomical distinction from the adjacent intact mucosa.

Material and methods Prospective case-series of patients with low rectal cancers, familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and ulcerative colitis undergoing Pull-through transection and very low rectal anastomosis using linear TA-90 noncutting stapler and circular stapler-cutter.

Results In this series, twenty patients (11 men and 9 women) underwent proctectomy by the transanal Pull-through technique. Barring one of the patients that developed a pelvic abscess in the immediate postop follow-up, surgical procedure and the long-term follow-up period was uncomplicated with no critical findings of leakage, stenosis and bleeding. The postop rate of infection and fecal incontinence was not significantly different between genders and different age groups of the study. The mean operative time was calculated 169.9 ± 11.1 minutes.

Conclusion Pull-through transection procedure using the TA-90 non-cutting stapler is a safe, efficient and economically sound technique implicated in low-lying rectal lesions. The transanal ‘Pull-through’ approach is particularly helpful in situations where the direct visualization of lower rectal mucosa changes the prognosis through determining the marginal extent of intact/involved mucosa (e.g., FAP, villous adenomas, rectal polyps and post-neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy tumors).
Postglacial vegetation history of Orcas Island, northwestern Washington
Authors: Leopold Estella B. , Dunwiddie Peter W. , Whitlock Cathy , Nickmann Rudy , Watts William A.
Published: April 2016

The revegetation of islands following retreat of Pleistocene glaciers is of great biogeographical interest. The San Juan Islands, Washington, feature regionally distinctive xerophytic plant communities, yet their vegetation history, as it relates to past climate and sea level, is poorly known. We describe a 13,700-year-old pollen record from Killebrew Lake Fen and compare the vegetation reconstruction with others from the region. The data suggest that the narrow channels surrounding Orcas Island were not a barrier to early postglacial immigration of plants. Between 13,700 and 12,000 cal yr BP, Pinus, Tsuga, Picea, Alnus viridis, and possibly Juniperus maritima were present in a mosaic that supported Bison antiquus and Megalonyx. The rise of Alnus rubra-type pollen and Pteridium spores at ca. 12,000 cal yr BP suggests a warming trend and probably more fires. Temperate conifer taxa, including Cupressaceae, Pseudotsuga, Tsuga heterophylla, and Abies, increased after 11,000 cal yr BP and especially in the last 7000 cal yr BP. After 6000 cal yr BP, Pseudotsuga and Cupressaceae dominated the vegetation. The last 1500 yr were the wettest period of the record. Due to its rain shadow location, Orcas Island experienced drier conditions than on the mainland during most of the postglacial period.
Glacial lake deltas in New England record continuous, not delayed, postglacial rebound
Authors: Hooke Roger LeBaron , Ridge John Charles
Published: April 2016

Deltas formed in Lake Hitchcock, a glacial lake that developed in the Connecticut River Valley, New England, between ∼18.3 and 12.5 ka. The heights of topset/foreset contacts of these deltas presently increase northward, linearly, at rate of ∼0.9 m/km. Others have interpreted this as indicating that isostatic rebound did not begin until after the lake drained, several kiloyears after glacial retreat began. However, (non-elastic) adjustment of Earth's lithosphere to changing loads is known to occur on time scales of years. Late-glacial shoreline features elsewhere in New England also increase in elevation with distance from the LGM margin at ∼0.9 m/km, suggesting that this is a result of fundamental properties of the crust and mantle, and independent of the history of glacier retreat. On the basis of a numerical model of flexure of the lithosphere beneath a circular load, we suggest that deflection of the lithosphere is remarkably linear in a zone 50–200 km wide between the retreating ice margin and a forebulge, and that initial rebound of this zone is spatially quite uniform for some kiloyears before differential rebound starts. Thus, lake shorelines, formed over a period of some centuries during deglaciation would, today, rise linearly northward.
Linear stability and energetics of rotating radial horizontal convection
Authors: Sheard Gregory J. , Hussam Wisam K. , Tsai Tzekih
Published: April 2016

The effect of rotation on horizontal convection in a cylindrical enclosure is investigated numerically. The thermal forcing is applied radially on the bottom boundary from the coincident axes of rotation and geometric symmetry of the enclosure. First, a spectral element method is used to obtain axisymmetric basic flow solutions to the time-dependent incompressible Navier–Stokes equations coupled via a Boussinesq approximation to a thermal transport equation for temperature. Solutions are obtained primarily at Rayleigh number $\mathit{Ra}=10^{9}$ and rotation parameters up to $Q=60$ (where $Q$ is a non-dimensional ratio between thermal boundary layer thickness and Ekman layer depth) at a fixed Prandtl number $\mathit{Pr}=6.14$ representative of water and enclosure height-to-radius ratio $H/R=0.4$. The axisymmetric solutions are consistently steady state at these parameters, and transition from a regime unaffected by rotation to an intermediate regime occurs at $Q\approx 1$ in which variation in thermal boundary layer thickness and Nusselt number are shown to be governed by a scaling proposed by Stern (1975, Ocean Circulation Physics. Academic). In this regime an increase in $Q$ sees the flow accumulate available potential energy and more strongly satisfy an inviscid change in potential energy criterion for baroclinic instability. At the strongest $Q$ the flow is dominated by rotation, accumulation of available potential energy ceases and horizontal convection is suppressed. A linear stability analysis reveals several instability mode branches, with dominant wavenumbers typically scaling with $Q$. Analysis of contributing terms of an azimuthally averaged perturbation kinetic energy equation applied to instability eigenmodes reveals that energy production by shear in the axisymmetric mean flow is negligible relative to that produced by conversion of available potential energy from the mean flow. An evolution equation for the quantity that facilitates this exchange, the vertical advective buoyancy flux, reveals that a baroclinic instability mechanism dominates over $5\lesssim Q\lesssim 30$, whereas stronger and weaker rotations are destabilised by vertical thermal gradients in the mean flow.
Matching Linguistic Training with Individual Indigenous Community's Needs
Authors: Caffery Jo
Published: April 2016

Australia is rapidly losing its Indigenous multicultural and multilingual identity. This vast continent has lost 90 per cent of its Indigenous languages and cultures, without adequate documentation, and risks losing the rest by 2050 if action is not taken. There are formal, accredited linguistics courses designed specifically for Indigenous Australians to document and maintain their traditional languages. This research assessed the relevance of linguistic training for Indigenous Australians in remote communities and whether it provides the necessary skills for Indigenous Australians to document and maintain their languages in their particular workplace or community. The study found that Indigenous Australians come from a diversity of areas across the vast continent of Australia, live a diversity of lifestyles, have a diversity of linguistic attitudes and have access to different and often limited resources and support to meet their goals of documenting their endangered languages. As a result, standardised formal training is generally unlikely to provide the necessary linguistic skills needed for their particular community or workplace. However, by matching linguistic training with individual language community's linguistic situation, targeted training could increase the documentation of Australia's Indigenous languages.
Psychometric Validation of the Taiwanese Version of theJob Satisfaction of Persons with Disabilities Scalein a Sample of Individuals with Poliomyelitis
Authors: Smedema Susan Miller , Chan Fong , Wang Ming-Hung , Umucu Emre , Yasui Naoko Yura , Tu Wei-Mo , Ditchman Nicole , Wang Chia-Chiang
Published: April 2016

Objective: To evaluate the measurement structure of the Taiwanese Version of theJob Satisfaction of Persons with Disabilities Scale(JSPDS).Design: A quantitative descriptive research design using exploratory factor analysis (EFA).Participants: One hundred and thirty-two gainfully employed individuals from Taiwan with poliomyelitis participated in this study.Results: EFA result indicated a three-factor structure accounting for 54.1 per cent of the total variance. The internal consistency reliability coefficients for theintegrated work environment,job quality, andalienationfactors were 0.91, 0.77, and 0.59, respectively. Only theintegrated work environmentandjob qualityfactors showed positive correlations with life satisfaction. People with higher educational attainment also reported higher levels of job satisfaction than people with lower educational attainment.Conclusion: The three-factor measurement structure of the JSPDS appears to be parsimonious, psychologically meaningful, and interpretable, and can be used to improve the comprehensiveness of vocational rehabilitation outcome evaluation.
Calculus meets the birthday problem
Authors: Hathaway Dale K. , Barks Joshua
Published: April 2016

What is the likelihood P(n, T) that at least two people in a gathering of n people are born within a given time T of each other? In particular, for T = 24 hours what is the smallest n for which P(n, T) is at least 50%? The well-known classic version of the birthday problem asks for the smallest number of people needed to give a better than 50% chance of at least one birthday match with the assumptions that the birthdays are independently selected from a discrete uniform distribution over 365 days. Using the calculus tool of the limit, we refine two characterisations for P(n, T) and show that they give consistent results with each other and with the classic birthday problem as well. At first thought P(n, 24 hours) should answer the classic birthday question. Yet consider this experiment: suppose Andrea was born at noon on June 1, then potential matching birth times (for the other n - 1 people) with her birth time extend from noon on May 31 to noon on June 2, a period of 48 hours! What this period suggests is that P(n, 24hours) exceeds the classic answer. But, by how much? Read on.
COUNTRY-LEVEL SOCIOECONOMIC INDICATORS ASSOCIATED WITH SURVIVAL PROBABILITY OF BECOMING A CENTENARIAN AMONG OLDER EUROPEAN ADULTS: GENDER INEQUALITY, MALE LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION AND PROPORTIONS OF WOMEN IN PARLIAMENTS
Authors: Kim Jong In , Kim Gukbin
Published: April 2016

This study confirms an association between survival probability of becoming a centenarian (SPBC) for those aged 65 to 69 and country-level socioeconomic indicators in Europe: the gender inequality index (GII), male labour force participation (MLP) rates and proportions of seats held by women in national parliaments (PWP). The analysis was based on SPBC data from 34 countries obtained from the United Nations (UN). Country-level socioeconomic indicator data were obtained from the UN and World Bank databases. The associations between socioeconomic indicators and SPBC were assessed using correlation coefficients and multivariate regression models. The findings show significant correlations between the SPBC for women and men aged 65 to 69 and country-level socioeconomic indicators: GII (r=−0.674, p=0.001), MLP (r=0.514, p=0.002) and PWP (r=0.498, p=0.003). The SPBC predictors for women and men were lower GIIs and higher MLP and PWP (R2=0.508, p=0.001). Country-level socioeconomic indicators appear to have an important effect on the probability of becoming a centenarian in European adults aged 65 to 69. Country-level gender equality policies in European counties may decrease the risk of unhealthy old age and increase longevity in elders through greater national gender equality; disparities in GII and other country-level socioeconomic indicators impact longevity probability. National longevity strategies should target country-level gender inequality.
East West Players and Asian American Theatre: A Retrospective
Authors: Lee Josephine
Published: April 2016

The following essays were inspired by talks delivered at the 2015 Association for Asian American Studies annual conference, where we commemorated the fifty years since the 1965 founding of East West Players (EWP) in Los Angeles. Currently led by artistic director Tim Dang, EWP is known as the first and longest-running Asian American theatre company. It has played a crucial part in the training of Asian American actors and the formation of other Asian American theatres across the nation and in the development of new plays and productions that articulate and challenge how “Asian America” is understood and represented. Through reflecting upon the past, present, and future of EWP, our essays contemplate the most significant questions about Asian American theatre practice: how theatre engages the multiple and even contradictory aspects of what is “Asian American,” the panethnic racial category that is consistently challenged by the diverse cultural practices, communities, and identities it purports to describe. EWP's history illustrates the multiple dimensions of how Asian American theatre can challenge the limited prescriptions, labels, and packaging so often used in talking about race both inside and outside the theatre.
Transpacific Acts of Memory: The Afterlives of Hanako
Authors: Son Elizabeth W.
Published: April 2016

In producing Chungmi Kim's eponymous Hanako (1999), the first Asian American play on the topic of “comfort women,” East West Players (EWP) provided a critical space for addressing this devastating chapter of Asian history and showing its relevance to communities in the United States. It also inadvertently launched the play on a ten-year transpacific journey as Comfort Women (2004) in New York and as Nabi (2005–9) throughout South Korea and Canada. Hanako dramatizes the intergenerational bonds between a Korean American university student, her grandmother, and Korean “comfort women” survivors who travel to New York to give their public testimonies. As the play develops, one learns that the grandmother has been repressing her own memories of enslavement as one of an estimated two hundred thousand young girls and women euphemistically called “comfort women” whom the Japanese Imperial military forced into sexually servicing its troops in the years leading up to and during World War II. Survivors kept their wartime experiences a secret from the public until the early 1990s, when a social movement for redress emerged in Asia. Over the past two and a half decades, activists and artists from around the world have joined survivors in their quest for justice. The recent agreement in 2015 between South Korea and Japan to “resolve” the “comfort women” issue sparked outcry from survivors and their supporters for its insincerity and inadequacy, further galvanizing the movement. Hanako and its afterlives as Comfort Women and Nabi are part of the transpacific culture of political activism and artistic expression that contends with the ongoing struggle over the history of “comfort women.”
Violence Onstage and Off: Drama and Society in Recent American Plays
Authors: Vandenbroucke Russell
Published: April 2016

Direct and bloody violence has a long history on stage. In recent years, a different mode of violence can be distinguished in the work of prominent American playwrights – less direct than indirect, more covert than overt, and likely to affect a group rather than individuals. In this article Russell Vandenbroucke applies concepts from Norwegian sociologist and Peace Studies scholar Johan Galtung to examine structural and cultural violence in Suzan-Lori Parks's Father Comes Home from the Wars (Parts 1, 2, & 3) and traces similar representations of violence in Anna Deavere Smith's Fires in the Mirror, Tony Kushner's Angels in America, Lynn Nottage's Ruined, Ayad Aktar's Disgraced, The Laramie Project by Moisés Kauffman and the Tectonic Theater Project, and Tim Robbins's adaptation of Dead Man Walking by Sr Helen Prejean. These writers have in common the status of traditional outsiders – black, female, gay, Muslim – and this informs their engagement in the social and political vitality of the stage. The shift in focus of these plays from direct violence echoes observations in Steven Pinker's recent The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined. Russell Vandenbroucke is Professor of Theatre Arts at the University of Louisville and Director of its Peace, Justice, and Conflict Transformation programme. He previously served as Artistic Director of Chicago's Northlight Theatre. His publications include Truths the Hand Can Touch: the Theatre of Athol Fugard and numerous articles on South African theatre.
Stages of Grief: Enacting Lamentation in Late Ancient Hymnography
Authors: Lieber Laura S.
Published: April 2016

This essay explores the rhetoric and performance of grief by examining two related bodies of texts composed in Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: eulogies for deceased individuals (hespedim) and communal laments (kinot) for Jerusalem; also included are two “narrative laments” from the same corpus that construct the voices of grieving biblical characters. In the analysis, the dynamics among the living participants in the mourning rituals are investigated, as well as the ways rituals of individual grief and rituals of communal mourning shape each other. Throughout the analysis, specific rhetorical techniques associated with mourning in both the Jewish world and in classical Greco-Roman sources and early Christian materials merit particular scrutiny, as do the experiential components of rhetorical techniques such as refrains, antiphony, anadiplosis, and dialogue. Along the way, contextual features important for understanding the function and efficacy of these works are addressed: social setting, liturgical station, affinity for biblical texts, and the status of the mourned party.
Entangled Negotiations: Josel of Rosheim and the Peasants' Rebellion of 1525
Authors: Kaplan Debra
Published: April 2016

At the height of the 1525 Peasants' Rebellion, Josel of Rosheim negotiated directly with the peasants. Although he described this interaction in his writings, he omitted the content of their conversation. Previous scholars have examined the contemporaneous negotiation between the Christian authorities in Strasbourg and the peasants as a parallel to Josel's negotiation. Their interpretations of what transpired between Josel and the peasants, heavily shaped by modern Jewish-Christian relations, are wanting. This article useshistoire croiséeto reassess the negotiation. By considering the personal relationships between Josel and Strasbourg's political and religious leaders alongside Josel's writings, it argues that the Jewish and Christian negotiators coordinated their efforts. This case study models a method through which scholars can begin to move beyond recognizing parallels and toward analyzing the transmission of information and ideas between Jews and Chrisitians.
Hybrid intervention for type A aortic arch interruption and a giant subclavian artery aneurysm in an adult
Authors: Oz Kursad , Erek Ersin , Yildirim Aydin
Published: April 2016

Interrupted aortic arch is a very rare but well-described congenital anomaly. Concomitant presentation of interrupted aortic arch and giant subclavian artery aneurysm is an unusual event in adulthood. To the best of our knowledge, hybrid intervention for type A aortic arch interruption with a giant aneurysm of the subclavian artery is an alternative approach for the management of these concomitant pathologies in adults.
DIVISION A COMMISSION 7: CELESTIAL MECHANICS AND DYNAMICAL ASTRONOMY
Authors: Morbidelli Alessandro , Beaugé Cristian , Knežević Zoran , Celetti Alessandra , Haghighipour Nader , Hut Piet , Laskar Jacques , Mikkola Seppo , Roig Fernando
Published: April 2016

In order to mark a distinction with the traditional triennial reports, for this legacy issue we have asked our present and past OC members, as well as a few other outstanding members of the Celestial Mechanics community, to write a short essay on “recent highlights and the future of Celestial Mechanics”. Below we collect the contributions of the people who responded to our invitation. As it is natural, each of them interpreted their task differently. Some produced a dissertation on broad and general aspects, others focused on a specific topic of their interest. Some considered that their role was to provide a detailed review, with a list of key references, others preferred to mention the topics for which progress has been significant but without quoting any references, implicitly considering that this progress was possible thanks to the collective efforts of many scientists, and not just a few. This is great, as we appreciate the diversity of attitudes and opinions.
DIVISION A COMMISSION 31: TIME
Authors: Hosokawa Mizuhiko , Arias Elisa Felicitas , Manchester Richard , Tuckey Philip , Matsakis Demetrios , Zhang Shougang , Zharov Vladimir
Published: April 2016

Time is an essential element of fundamental astronomy. In recent years there have been many time-related issues, in scientific and technological aspects as well as in conventions and definitions. At the Commission 31 (Time) business meeting at the XXIX General Assembly, recent progress and many topics, including Pulsar Time Scales WG and Future UTC WG activities, were reviewed and discussed. In this report, we will review the progress of these topics in the past three years. There are many remarkable topics, such as Time scales, Atomic clock development, Time transfer, Future UTC and future redefinition of the second. Among them, scientific highlights are the progress of pulsar time scales and the optical frequency standards. On the other hand, as the social convention, change in the definition of UTC and the second is important.
HISTORY OF ASTRONOMY UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE IAU
Authors: Kochhar Rajesh , Sun Xiaochun , Ruggles Clive , Avilés Juan Antonio Belmonte , Corbin Brenda , Milone Eugene , Norris Raymond , Oigatto Luisa , Sōma Mitsuru
Published: April 2016

International Astronomical Union was formed after the First World War although it became truly international only after the Second World War. Its Commission 41 on History of Astronomy (C41) was set up in 1948 and in a few years established itself as an active and influential unit. It has the distinction of being a joint Commission, the other partner being International Union of History and Philosophy of Science and Technology (IUHPS). Since IAU is an internationally respected body of professional astronomers, its support for history of astronomy enhances the credibility of the discipline in the eyes of scientists as well as science establishments of individual countries. C41 is committed to advancing objective and rigorous world history of astronomy taking into account all its aspects.
DIVISION E COMMISSION 49: INTERPLANETARY PLASMA AND HELIOSPHERE
Authors: Mann Ingrid , Manoharan P. K. , Gopalswamy Natchimuthuk , Briand Carine , Chashei Igor V. , Gibson Sarah E. , Lario David , Hanaoka Yoichiro , Malandraki Olga , Kontar Eduard , Richardson John D.
Published: April 2016

After a little more than forty years of work related to the interplanetary plasma and the heliosphere the IAU's Commission 49 was formally discontinued in 2015. The commission started its work when the first spacecraft were launched to measure the solar wind in–situ away from Earth orbit, both inward and outward from 1 AU. It now hands over its activities to a new commission during an era of space research when Voyager 1 measures in–situ the parameters of the local interstellar medium at the edge of the heliosphere. The commission will be succeeded by C.E3 with a similar area of responsibility but with more focused specific tasks that the community intends to address during the coming several years. This report includes a short description of the motivation for this commission and of the historical context. It then describes work from 2012 to 2015 during the present solar cycle 24 that has been the weakest in the space era so far. It gave rise to a large number of studies on solar energetic particles and cosmic rays. Other studies addressed e.g. the variation of the solar wind structure and energetic particle fluxes on long time scales, the detection of dust in the solar wind and the Voyager measurements at the edge of the heliosphere. The research is based on measurements from spacecraft that are at present operational and motivated by the upcoming Solar Probe + and Solar Orbiter missions to explore the vicinity of the Sun. We also report here the progress on new and planned radio instruments and their importance for heliospheric studies. Contributors to this report are Carine Briand, Yoichiro Hanaoka, Eduard Kontar, David Lario, Ingrid Mann, John D. Richardson.
DIVISION G COMMISSION 45: STELLAR CLASSIFICATION
Authors: Gray Richard , Soubiran Caroline , Nordström Birgitta , Burgasser Adam , Gupta Ranjan , Hanson Margaret , Leggett Sandy K. , Soubiran Caroline , Singh Harinder P. , Nordström Birgitta
Published: April 2016

Commission 45 is solidly anchored in the beginnings of the IAU. It evolved out of Commission 29, which was one of the original commissions and whose title and emphasis was the Spectral Classification of Stars (Transactions of the IAU, Volume I, 1922). C29 was formed with W.S. Adams (Pasadena) as president. Its first members were Miss Cannon, R.H. Curtiss, A. Fowler, A. de Gramont, M. Hamy, H.F. Newall, J.S. Plaskett, H.N. Russell, all very much part of the history of stellar spectroscopy. In the 1922 Transactions report it was recognized the Harvard System of spectral classification “has already been adopted by international agreement. . .”
DIVISION H COMMISSION 33: STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS OF THE GALACTIC SYSTEM
Authors: Nordström Birgitta , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Wyse Rosemary , Athanassoula Lia , Feltzing Sofia , Jog Chanda , Lockman Jay , Minniti Dante , Robin Annie
Published: April 2016

Research on the structure and dynamics of the Galactic System covers a large field of research, from formation scenarios to long-term evolution and secular processes. Today we speak of near-field cosmology where the oldest parts of the Galaxy are used to probe back to early times, e.g. studying the chemical signatures of the oldest star clusters and dwarf galaxies to learn about the byproducts of the first stars. Some of the most detailed work relates to the structure of the dark matter and baryons in order to compare with expectation from N-body models. Secular processes have been identified (e.g. stellar migration) where material within the Galaxy is being reorganized by dynamical resonances and feedback processes.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE WORKING GROUP: PUBLIC NAMING OF PLANETS AND PLANETARY SATELLITES
Authors: Montmerle Thierry , Benvenuti Piero , Cheung Sze-leung , Christensen Lars Lindberg , des Etangs Alain Lecavelier , Liu Xiaowei , Lubowich Donald , Mamajek Eric , Schulz Rita , Valsecchi Giovanni , Williams Gareth , Williams Robert
Published: April 2016

While one of the IAU's missions is to “serve as the internationally recognized authority for assigning designations to celestial bodies and surface features on them” (†), the participation of the public in the naming of celestial objects has been a little-known, but decade-long tradition of the IAU.
Expanding Use of Plant Trait Observation in Earth System Models
Authors: Kueppers Lara , Iversen Colleen , Koven Charles
Published: April 2016

Workshop on Trait Methods for Representing Ecosystem Change; Rockville, Maryland, 18–19 November 2015
Senate Pushes USGS Director for More Action on Minerals, Hazards
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: April 2016

Suzette Kimball also tells senators that innovation is the characteristic she hopes to nurture the most as USGS director.
Linking stress-driven microstructural evolution in nanocrystalline aluminium with grain boundary doping of oxygen
Authors: He Mo-Rigen , Samudrala Saritha K. , Kim Gyuseok , Felfer Peter J. , Breen Andrew J. , Cairney Julie M. , Gianola Daniel S.
Published: April 2016

The large fraction of material residing at grain boundaries in nanocrystalline metals and alloys is responsible for their ultrahigh strength, but also undesirable microstructural instability under thermal and mechanical loads. However, the underlying mechanism of stress-driven microstructural evolution is still poorly understood and precludes rational alloy design. Here we combine quantitative in situ electron microscopy with three-dimensional atom-probe tomography to directly link the mechanics and kinetics of grain boundary migration in nanocrystalline Al films with the excess of O atoms at the boundaries. Site-specific nanoindentation leads to grain growth that is retarded by impurities, and enables quantification of the critical stress for the onset of grain boundary migration. Our results show that a critical excess of impurities is required to stabilize interfaces in nanocrystalline materials against mechanical driving forces, providing new insights to guide control of deformation mechanisms and tailoring of mechanical properties apart from grain size alone.
A genetic network that suppresses genome rearrangements in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and contains defects in cancers
Authors: Putnam Christopher D. , Srivatsan Anjana , Nene Rahul V. , Martinez Sandra L. , Clotfelter Sarah P. , Bell Sara N. , Somach Steven B. , E.S. de Souza Jorge , Fonseca André F. , de Souza Sandro J. , Kolodner Richard D.
Published: April 2016

Gross chromosomal rearrangements (GCRs) play an important role in human diseases, including cancer. The identity of all Genome Instability Suppressing (GIS) genes is not currently known. Here multiple Saccharomyces cerevisiae GCR assays and query mutations were crossed into arrays of mutants to identify progeny with increased GCR rates. One hundred eighty two GIS genes were identified that suppressed GCR formation. Another 438 cooperatively acting GIS genes were identified that were not GIS genes, but suppressed the increased genome instability caused by individual query mutations. Analysis of TCGA data using the human genes predicted to act in GIS pathways revealed that a minimum of 93% of ovarian and 66% of colorectal cancer cases had defects affecting one or more predicted GIS gene. These defects included loss-of-function mutations, copy-number changes associated with reduced expression, and silencing. In contrast, acute myeloid leukaemia cases did not appear to have defects affecting the predicted GIS genes.
Dazl is a target RNA suppressed by mammalian NANOS2 in sexually differentiating male germ cells
Authors: Kato Yuzuru , Katsuki Takeo , Kokubo Hiroki , Masuda Aki , Saga Yumiko
Published: April 2016

Evolutionally conserved Nanos RNA-binding proteins play crucial roles in germ cell development. While a mammalian Nanos family protein, NANOS2, is required for sexual differentiation of male (XY) germ cells in mice, the underlying mechanisms and the identities of its target RNAs in vivo remain elusive. Using comprehensive microarray analysis and a bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic system, here we identify Dazl, a germ cell-specific gene encoding an RNA-binding protein implicated in translation, as a crucial target of NANOS2. Importantly, removal of the Dazl 3′-untranslated region in XY germ cells stabilizes the Dazl mRNA, resulting in elevated meiotic gene expression, abnormal resumption of the cell cycle and impaired processing-body formation, reminiscent of Nanos2-knockout phenotypes. Furthermore, our data suggest that NANOS2 acts as an antagonist of the DAZL protein. We propose a dual system of NANOS2-mediated suppression of Dazl expression as a pivotal molecular mechanism promoting sexual differentiation of XY germ cells.
Reacquisition of the lower temporal bar in sexually dimorphic fossil lizards provides a rare case of convergent evolution
Authors: Simões Tiago R. , Funston Gregory F. , Vafaeian Behzad , Nydam Randall L. , Doschak Michael R. , Caldwell Michael W.
Published: April 2016

Temporal fenestration has long been considered a key character to understand relationships amongst reptiles. In particular, the absence of the lower temporal bar (LTB) is considered one of the defining features of squamates (lizards and snakes). In a re-assessment of the borioteiioid lizardPolyglyphanodon sternbergi(Cretaceous, North America), we detected a heretofore unrecognized ontogenetic series, sexual dimorphism (a rare instance for Mesozoic reptiles) and a complete LTB, a feature only recently recognized for another borioteiioid,Tianyusaurus zhengi(Cretaceous, China). A new phylogenetic analysis (with updates on a quarter of the scorings forP. sternbergi) indicates not only that the LTB was reacquired in squamates, but it happened independently at least twice. An analysis of the functional significance of the LTB using proxies indicates that, unlike forT. zhengi, this structure had no apparent functional advantage inP. sternbergiand it is better explained as the result of structural constraint release. The observed canalization against a LTB in squamates was broken at some point in the evolution of borioteiioids, whereas never re-occuring in other squamate lineages. This case of convergent evolution involves a mix of both adaptationist and structuralist causes, which is unusual for both living and extinct vertebrates.
Enhancement of Paramagnetic Relaxation by Photoexcited Gold Nanorods
Authors: Wen Tao , Wamer Wayne G. , Subczynski Witold K. , Hou Shuai , Wu Xiaochun , Yin Jun-Jie
Published: April 2016

Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy was used to investigate the switchable, light-dependent effects of gold nanorods (GNRs) on paramagnetic properties of nitroxide spin probes. The photoexcited GNRs enhanced the spin-spin and spin-lattice relaxations of nitroxide spin probes. It was shown that molecular oxygen plays the key role in this process. Our results demonstrate that ESR is a powerful tool for investigating the events following photoexcitation of GNRs. The novel light-controlled effects observed for GNRs on paramagnetic properties and activities of surrounding molecules have a number of significant applications where oxygen sensing and oxygen activity is important.
Inelastic response of silicon to shock compression
Authors: Higginbotham A. , Stubley P. G. , Comley A. J. , Eggert J. H. , Foster J. M. , Kalantar D. H. , McGonegle D. , Patel S. , Peacock L. J. , Rothman S. D. , Smith R. F. , Suggit M. J. , Wark J. S.
Published: April 2016

The elastic and inelastic response of [001] oriented silicon to laser compression has been a topic of considerable discussion for well over a decade, yet there has been little progress in understanding the basic behaviour of this apparently simple material. We present experimental x-ray diffraction data showing complex elastic strain profiles in laser compressed samples on nanosecond timescales. We also present molecular dynamics and elasticity code modelling which suggests that a pressure induced phase transition is the cause of the previously reported ‘anomalous’ elastic waves. Moreover, this interpretation allows for measurement of the kinetic timescales for transition. This model is also discussed in the wider context of reported deformation of silicon to rapid compression in the literature.
A disulphide isomerase gene (PDI-V) from Haynaldia villosa contributes to powdery mildew resistance in common wheat
Authors: Faheem Muhammad , Li Yingbo , Arshad Muhammad , Jiangyue Cheng , Jia Zhao , Wang Zongkuan , Xiao Jin , Wang Haiyan , Cao Aizhong , Xing Liping , Yu Feifei , Zhang Ruiqi , Xie Qi , Wang Xiue
Published: April 2016

In this study, we report the contribution of a PDI-like gene from wheat wild relative Haynaldia villosa in combating powdery mildew. PDI-V protein contains two conserved thioredoxin (TRX) active domains (a and a′) and an inactive domain (b). PDI-V interacted with E3 ligase CMPG1-V protein, which is a positive regulator of powdery mildew response. PDI-V was mono-ubiquitinated by CMPG1-V without degradation being detected. PDI-V was located on H. villosa chromosome 5V and encoded for a protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum. Bgt infection in leaves of H. villosa induced PDI-V expression. Virus induced gene silencing of PDIs in a T. durum-H. villosa amphiploid compromised the resistance. Single cell transient over-expression of PDI-V or a truncated version containing the active TXR domain a decreased the haustorial index in moderately susceptible wheat cultivar Yangmai 158. Stable transgenic lines over-expressing PDI-V in Yangmai 158 displayed improved powdery mildew resistance at both the seedling and adult stages. By contrast over-expression of point-mutated PDI-VC57A did not increase the level of resistance in Yangmai 158. The above results indicate a pivotal role of PDI-V in powdery mildew resistance and showed that conserved TRX domain a is critical for its function.
Streptomyces malaysiense sp. nov.: A novel Malaysian mangrove soil actinobacterium with antioxidative activity and cytotoxic potential against human cancer cell lines
Authors: Ser Hooi-Leng , Palanisamy Uma Devi , Yin Wai-Fong , Chan Kok-Gan , Goh Bey-Hing , Lee Learn-Han
Published: April 2016

Actinobacteria from the unique intertidal ecosystem of the mangroves are known to produce novel, bioactive secondary metabolites. A novel strain known as MUSC 136T (=DSM 100712T = MCCC 1K01246T) which was isolated from Malaysian mangrove forest soil has proven to be no exception. Assessed by a polyphasic approach, its taxonomy showed a range of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with the genus of Streptomyces. Phylogenetically, highest similarity was to Streptomyces misionensis NBRC 13063T (99.6%) along with two other strains (>98.9% sequence similarities). The DNA–DNA relatedness between MUSC 136T and these type strains ranged from 22.7 ± 0.5% to 46.5 ± 0.2%. Overall, polyphasic approach studies indicated this strain represents a novel species, for which the name Streptomyces malaysiense sp. nov. is proposed. The potential bioactivities of this strain were explored by means of antioxidant and cytotoxic assays. Intriguingly, MUSC 136T exhibited strong antioxidative activities as evaluated by a panel of antioxidant assays. It was also found to possess high cytotoxic effect against HCT-116 cells, which probably mediated through altering p53 protein and intracellular glutathione levels. Chemical analysis of the extract using GC-MS further affirms that the strain produces chemopreventive related metabolites.