bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data from Novel Oncogenic Transcription Factor Cooperation in RB-Deficient Cancer
Authors: Mandigo Amy C. , Shafi Ayesha A. , McCann Jennifer J. , Yuan Wei , Laufer Talya S. , Bogdan Denisa , Gallagher Lewis , Dylgjeri Emanuela , Semenova Galina , Vasilevskaya Irina A. , Schiewer Matthew J. , McNair Chris M. , de Bono Johann S. , Knudsen Karen E.
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (RB) is a critical regulator of E2F-dependent transcription, controlling a multitude of protumorigenic networks including but not limited to cell-cycle control. Here, genome-wide assessment of E2F1 function after RB loss in isogenic models of prostate cancer revealed unexpected repositioning and cooperation with oncogenic transcription factors, including the major driver of disease progression, the androgen receptor (AR). Further investigation revealed that observed AR/E2F1 cooperation elicited novel transcriptional networks that promote cancer phenotypes, especially as related to evasion of cell death. These observations were reflected in assessment of human disease, indicating the clinical relevance of the AR/E2F1 cooperome in prostate cancer. Together, these studies reveal new mechanisms by which RB loss induces cancer progression and highlight the importance of understanding the targets of E2F1 function.
Significance:
This study identifies that RB loss in prostate cancer drives cooperation between AR and E2F1 as coregulators of transcription, which is linked to the progression of advanced disease.
Supplementary Figure S4 from Precision Cut Lung Slices as a Preclinical Model for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Chemoprevention
Authors: Sompel Kayla , Smith Alex J. , Hauer Caroline , Elango Alamelu P. , Clamby Eric T. , Keith Robert L. , Tennis Meredith A.
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Figure S4 shows a representative immunofluorescence image for Figure 5.
Data from The DNA Damage Response and Inflammation in Cancer
Authors: Klapp Vanessa , Álvarez-Abril Beatriz , Leuzzi Giuseppe , Kroemer Guido , Ciccia Alberto , Galluzzi Lorenzo
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Genomic stability in normal cells is crucial to avoid oncogenesis. Accordingly, multiple components of the DNA damage response (DDR) operate as bona fide tumor suppressor proteins by preserving genomic stability, eliciting the demise of cells with unrepairable DNA lesions, and engaging cell-extrinsic oncosuppression via immunosurveillance. That said, DDR sig­naling can also favor tumor progression and resistance to therapy. Indeed, DDR signaling in cancer cells has been consistently linked to the inhibition of tumor-targeting immune responses. Here, we discuss the complex interactions between the DDR and inflammation in the context of oncogenesis, tumor progression, and response to therapy.
Significance:
Accumulating preclinical and clinical evidence indicates that DDR is intimately connected to the emission of immunomodulatory signals by normal and malignant cells, as part of a cell-extrinsic program to preserve organismal homeostasis. DDR-driven inflammation, however, can have diametrically opposed effects on tumor-targeting immunity. Understanding the links between the DDR and inflammation in normal and malignant cells may unlock novel immunotherapeutic paradigms to treat cancer.
iBRIDGE: A Data Integration Method to Identify Inflamed Tumors from Single-cell RNA-Seq Data and Differentiate Cell Type–Specific Markers of Immune-Cell Infiltration
Authors: Turan Tolga , Kongpachith Sarah , Halliwill Kyle , McLaughlin Robert T. , Binnewies Mikhail , Reddy Dhemath , Zhao Xi , Mathew Rebecca , Ye Shiming , Jacob Howard J. , Samayoa Josue
Published: April 2023

The development of immune checkpoint–based immunotherapies has been a major advancement in the treatment of cancer, with a subset of patients exhibiting durable clinical responses. A predictive biomarker for immunotherapy response is the preexisting T-cell infiltration in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Bulk transcriptomics–based approaches can quantify the degree of T-cell infiltration using deconvolution methods and identify additional markers of inflamed/cold cancers at the bulk level. However, bulk techniques are unable to identify biomarkers of individual cell types. Although single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) assays are now being used to profile the TIME, to our knowledge there is no method of identifying patients with a T-cell inflamed TIME from scRNA-seq data. Here, we describe a method, iBRIDGE, which integrates reference bulk RNA-seq data with the malignant subset of scRNA-seq datasets to identify patients with a T-cell inflamed TIME. Using two datasets with matched bulk data, we show iBRIDGE results correlated highly with bulk assessments (0.85 and 0.9 correlation coefficients). Using iBRIDGE, we identified markers of inflamed phenotypes in malignant cells, myeloid cells, and fibroblasts, establishing type I and type II interferon pathways as dominant signals, especially in malignant and myeloid cells, and finding the TGFβ-driven mesenchymal phenotype not only in fibroblasts but also in malignant cells. Besides relative classification, per-patient average iBRIDGE scores and independent RNAScope quantifications were used for threshold-based absolute classification. Moreover, iBRIDGE can be applied to in vitro grown cancer cell lines and can identify the cell lines that are adapted from inflamed/cold patient tumors.
Talaromyces marneffei Fungemia in a Patient with AIDS: The First Reported Observation in the Middle East
Authors: Hussain Kosar , Al Dabal Laila , Hussain Sara , Al Deesi Zulfa O. , Ahmed Raees
Published: April 2023

We report the case of a patient who presented with septic shock and multiorgan failure. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Talaromyces marneffei were cultured from his blood. He was treated with a course of vancomycin along with amphotericin. Further work-up revealed him to be HIV positive with an absolute CD4 count of 14 cells/μL. Despite aggressive medical support, he eventually succumbed to his illness with Klebsiella pneumonia sepsis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported T. marneffei infection in the Middle East and the first observation of concomitant community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus bacteraemia and talaromycosis from the Middle East region.
Lafutidine Ameliorates Indomethacin-Induced Small Intestinal Damage in Rats by Modifying the Intestinal Mucosal Barrier, Inflammation, and Microbiota
Authors: Zhu Lanping , Guo Junyi , Liu Qinlingfei , Luo Yang , Zhao Jing , Zhong Weilong , Sun Siyuan , Xu Xiuxiu , Liang Huixi , Lou Chenxi , Song Chongfei , Chen Jihua , Zhao Jingwen , Wang Bangmao , Chen Xin
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced small intestinal damage is a serious and escalating clinical problem without effective treatment. Lafutidine (LAF) is a novel histamine H2 receptor antagonist with a mucosal protective action. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of LAF on indomethacin (IND)-induced enteropathy in rats. Methods: Rats were treated with LAF for 10 days with concomitant IND treatment on the final 5 days. Changes in metabolism and hematological and biochemical parameters were measured, and intestinal damage was blindly scored. Intestinal mucosal tissue and luminal contents were collected for transcriptome and microbiota sequencing. Intestinal inflammation and barrier function were also evaluated. Results: LAF treatment prevented anorexia and weight loss in rats and ameliorated reductions in hemoglobin, hematocrit, total protein, and albumin levels. LAF reduced the severity of IND-induced intestinal damage including macroscopic and histopathological damage score. Transcriptome sequencing results indicated that LAF might have positive effects on intestinal inflammation and the intestinal mucosal barrier. Further research revealed that LAF decreased neutrophil infiltration, and IL-1β and TNF-α expression in intestinal tissue. Besides, the treatment increased mucus secretion, MUC2, Occludin, and ZO-1 expression, and decreased serum D-lactate levels. LAF treatment also ameliorates microbial dysbiosis in small intestine induced by IND and increased the abundance of Lactobacillus acidophilus. Conclusion: LAF may protect against NSAID enteropathy via enhancing the intestinal mucosal barrier, inhibiting inflammation, and regulating microbiota.
Ein interessanter Fall von Mischstaubpneumokoniose mit progressiver massiver Fibrose und Cor pulmonale bei einem südamerikanischen Bauern
Authors: Alnabwani Dina , Prasad Ankita , Ganta Nagapratap , Marin Andrea C. , Hechter Sharon , Pavuluri Sandeep , Ghodasara Kajal , Vankeshwaram Varun , Alsaoudi Ghadier , Patel Chirag , Delaluz Gustavo E. , Cheriyath Pramil
Published: April 2023

Pneumokoniose ist eine Berufskrankheit, die bei Arbeitern auftritt, die organischen und anorganischen Stäuben in der Umwelt ausgesetzt sind, wie im Bergbau, beim Sandstrahlen und Töpfern, bei Steinmetzarbeiten und in der Landwirtschaft. Die entzündliche Reaktion der Lunge auf lungengängigen Staub verursacht die Bildung von Makulae, Knötchen und Fibrose, und ein höherer Kieselsäuregehalt im eingeatmeten Staub ist mit einer erhöhten Fibrosierung verbunden. Die Mischstaubpneumokoniose (MDP) entsteht durch die Exposition gegenüber Staub, der 10–20% Kieselsäure enthält, und in der Lungenbildgebung zeigen sich unregelmäßige Trübungen. Die Histopathologie spielt bei der Diagnose der MDP eine entscheidende Rolle. Günstige Behandlungsergebnisse sind möglich, doch die MDP entwickelt sich langsam über viele Jahre konstanter Exposition und ist durch eine Verschlechterung von Dyspnoe und Husten gekennzeichnet, die allmählich zum Cor pulmonale fortschreiten. Die einzig wirksame Behandlung besteht darin, die Exposition zu beenden, weshalb es für ein günstiges Outcome unerlässlich ist, die Krankheit frühzeitig zu erkennen. Wir stellen einen Fall von Mischstaubpneumokoniose bei einem Bauern aus Südamerika vor, der an Asthma litt. Er stellte sich mit sich verschlimmernder Dyspnoe und multiplen Knötchen in beiden Lungen in der Bildgebung und einem Cor pulmonale vor. Es wurde eine umfassende diagnostische Abklärung durchgeführt, die Malignität und Tuberkulose ausschloss. Die Analyse von Biopsieproben aus der videoassistierten thorakoskopischen Chirurgie (VATS) bestätigte die Diagnose einer Staubpneumokoniose. Er hatte einen Zusammenfluss von unregelmäßigen Knoten in den oberen Lungenlappen, und der größte war 2,1 cm groß. Dies passt zur Definition der progressiven massiven Fibrose der Internationalen Arbeitsorganisation (ILO). Dies, zusammen mit seinem Cor pulmonale, ergibt eine schlechte Prognose, selbst nachdem er von der Staubexposition befreit wurde. Er erhielt Steroide, was zu einer symptomatischen Besserung führte, und er wurde zur weiteren Nachsorge beim Pneumologen entlassen.
Consumo de bebidas alcoólicas no Brasil: estimativa de razões de prevalências – 2013 e 2019
Authors: Freitas Mariana Gonçalves de , Stopa Sheila Rizzato , Silva Everton Nunes da
Published: April 2023

OBJETIVOS: Estimar as prevalências de consumo de bebidas alcoólicas semanal, mensal e abusivo no Brasil em 2013 e 2019, comparar as estimativas do período e estimar a magnitude das diferenças. MÉTODOS: Análise dos dados do consumo de bebidas alcoólicas na população adulta (18 anos ou mais) da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS), 2013 e 2019. O número de entrevistados em 2013 foi de 60.202 e, em 2019, de 88.531. As amostras foram caracterizadas segundo variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas, de saúde e de consumo de bebidas alcoólicas; e foram comparadas as diferenças de proporções no período, por meio do teste do c2 de Pearson, com aproximação de Rao-Scott e nível de significância de 5%. Foram estimados modelos multivariados de regressão de Poisson para as variáveis de desfecho de consumo mensal, semanal e abusivo de bebidas alcoólicas, com o intuito de estimar a magnitude das diferenças entre as estimativas da PNS 2013 e 2019, por meio da razão de prevalência (RP). Os modelos foram ajustados por sexo e faixa etária e estratificados por sexo e região demográfica. RESULTADOS: Houve diferença da distribuição da população segundo raça, ocupação, renda, faixa etária, estado civil e escolaridade. Houve aumento do consumo de álcool para todas as variáveis desfecho, com exceção do consumo semanal em homens. A razão de prevalência do consumo semanal foi de 1,02 (IC95% 1,014–1,026), nas mulheres a RP foi de 1,05 (IC95% 1,04–1,06). As maiores razões de prevalência na população geral e por sexo ocorrem para o consumo abusivo. O aumento do consumo semanal por região ocorreu no Sul, Sudeste e Centro-Oeste. CONCLUSÕES: O homem é o principal consumidor de álcool no Brasil, as razões de prevalência tanto em homens quanto em mulheres demonstram que houve aumento do consumo mensal, semanal e abusivo no período pesquisado, destaca-se que as mulheres têm aumentado o padrão de consumo com maior intensidade do que os homens.
Twenty‐Four‐Hour Blood Pressure‐Lowering Efficacy of Sacubitril/Valsartan Versus Olmesartan in Japanese Patients With Essential Hypertension Based on Nocturnal Blood Pressure Dipping Status: A Post Hoc Analysis of Data From a Randomized, Double‐Blind Multicenter Study
Authors: Kario Kazuomi , Rakugi Hiromi , Yarimizu Daisuke , Morita Yohei , Eguchi Shunsuke , Iekushi Kazuma
Published: April 2023

Background

Nighttime blood pressure (BP) and an abnormal nocturnal BP dipping profile are important cardiovascular risk factors in patients with hypertension. This post hoc analysis investigated the effects of sacubitril/valsartan on 24‐hour BP in patients with mild‐to‐moderate hypertension and in patient subgroups based on nocturnal BP dipping status.

Methods and Results

Data from a randomized clinical trial comparing the BP‐lowering effects of 8 weeks of treatment with sacubitril/valsartan (200 or 400 mg/d) and olmesartan (20 mg/d) in Japanese patients with mild‐to‐moderate hypertension were analyzed. The primary end point was change in 24‐hour, daytime, and nighttime BP in patient subgroups based on nocturnal BP dipping status (dipper, nondipper). Six hundred thirty‐two patients with baseline and follow‐up ambulatory BP data were included. Both sacubitril/valsartan dosages reduced 24‐hour, daytime, and nighttime systolic BP, and 24‐hour and daytime diastolic BP, to a significantly greater extent than olmesartan in the dipper and nondipper groups. However, between‐group differences in nighttime systolic BP were more significant in the nondipper group (difference [95% CI] for sacubitril/valsartan 200 and 400 mg/d versus olmesartan 20 mg/d: –4.6 [95% CI, −7.3 to −1.8] and −6.8 [95% CI, −9.5 to −4.1] mm Hg, respectively;
P
<0.01 and
P
<0.001). Between‐group differences in the BP control rate were greatest in the nondipper subgroup (systolic BP control rate of 34.4% and 42.6% with sacubitril/valsartan 200 and 400 mg/d versus 23.1% with olmesartan 20 mg/d).

Conclusions

This analysis highlights the value of sacubitril/valsartan therapy in patients with a nondipper profile of nocturnal BP and confirms this agent's potent 24‐hour BP‐lowering effect in Japanese populations with hypertension.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01599104.
Symmetry Breaking for Voting Mechanisms*
Authors: Sankineni Preethi , Sutton Andrew M.
Published: April 2023

Recently, Rowe and Aishwaryaprajna (2019) introduced a simple majority vote technique that efficiently solves Jump with large gaps, OneMax with large noise, and any monotone function with a polynomial-size image. In this paper, we identify a pathological condition for this algorithm: the presence of spin-flip symmetry in the problem instance. Spin-flip symmetry is the invariance of a pseudo-Boolean function to complementation. Many important combinatorial optimization problems admit objective functions that exhibit this pathology, such as graph problems, Ising models, and variants of propositional satisfiability. We prove that no population size exists that allows the majority vote technique to solve spin-flip symmetric functions of unitation with reasonable probability. To remedy this, we introduce a symmetry-breaking technique that allows the majority vote algorithm to overcome this issue for many landscapes. This technique requires only a minor modification to the original majority vote algorithm to force it to sample strings in {0,1}n from a dimension n-1 hyperplane. We prove a sufficient condition for a spin-flip symmetric function to possess in order for the symmetry-breaking voting algorithm to succeed, and prove its efficiency on generalized TwoMax, a spin-flip symmetric variant of Jump, and families of constructed 3-NAE-SAT and 2-XOR-SAT formulas. We also prove that the algorithm fails on the one-dimensional Ising model, and suggest different techniques for overcoming this. Finally, we present empirical results that explore the tightness of the runtime bounds and the performance of the technique on randomized satisfiability variants.
Strong Prediction: Language Model Surprisal Explains Multiple N400 Effects
Authors: Michaelov James A. , Bardolph Megan D. , Van Petten Cyma K. , Bergen Benjamin K. , Coulson Seana
Published: April 2023

Theoretical accounts of the N400 are divided as to whether the amplitude of the N400 response to a stimulus reflects the extent to which the stimulus was predicted, the extent to which the stimulus is semantically similar to its preceding context, or both. We use state-of-the-art machine learning tools to investigate which of these three accounts is best supported by the evidence. GPT-3, a neural language model trained to compute the conditional probability of any word based on the words that precede it, was used to operationalize contextual predictability. In particular, we used an information-theoretic construct known as surprisal (the negative logarithm of the conditional probability). Contextual semantic similarity was operationalized by using two high-quality co-occurrence-derived vector-based meaning representations for words: GloVe and fastText. The cosine between the vector representation of the sentence frame and final word was used to derive contextual cosine similarity estimates. A series of regression models were constructed, where these variables, along with cloze probability and plausibility ratings, were used to predict single trial N400 amplitudes recorded from healthy adults as they read sentences whose final word varied in its predictability, plausibility, and semantic relationship to the likeliest sentence completion. Statistical model comparison indicated GPT-3 surprisal provided the best account of N400 amplitude and suggested that apparently disparate N400 effects of expectancy, plausibility, and contextual semantic similarity can be reduced to variation in the predictability of words. The results are argued to support predictive coding in the human language network.
Over 170 years later: redescription of the genus Glyphuchus Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Discocephalinae), with the first description of the male
Authors: LÓPEZ GUILHERME E. L. , CARRENHO RENAN , SCHWERTNER CRISTIANO F.
Published: April 2023

The rare Neotropical Discocephalini (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) monotypic genus Glyphuchus Stål, 1860 and its type species Glyphuchus sculpturatus Stål, 1860 are known only from the female holotype. Here, they are redescribed based on a recently collected specimen and on the holotype. The male of the genus is described for the first time based on a specimen collected in a protected area of the Atlantic Rain Forest, in southeastern Brazil. General morphology and male and female genitalia are described and compared to those of other Discocephalini genera. Photos of the main morphological characters are presented, as well as photos of the living and preserved specimens. The relevance of protected areas for studies on biodiversity and natural history is highlighted.
Toxic metals and aflatoxins occurrence in smoked-dried fish and their health risks assessment
Authors: Uguru H. , Akpokodje O. I. , Essaghah A. E. , Aljaadi Abeer M. , Sami Rokayya , Aljahani Amani H. , Ashour Amal Adnan , Helal Mahmoud
Published: April 2023

This study investigated the microbiological and toxic heavy metals contamination in smoked-dried fish, and evaluates their health risk implications. Fifteen widely consumed fish species were sampled randomly, and their aflatoxins, mercury “Hg,” cadmium “Cd” and
lead “Pb” concentrations were evaluated though standard guidelines. The results revealed that fish flesh Hg level ranged from 0.085–0.258 mg/kg, Cd concentration ranged from 0.092–0.204 mg/kg, and Pb level varied from 0.173–0.329 mg/kg; the mean toxic metals level
in the freshwater fish tissue was lower, when compared to the levels in the saltwater fish (seafood). Regarding toxic metal toxicity, the average Hg, Cd and Pb estimated daily intake values for children and adult were 0.1200 and 1.63 × 10−5 mg/kg bw/day, 2.13 ×
10−4 and 7.57 × 10−5 mg/kg bw/day, and 2.48 × 10−4 and 1.24 × 10−4 mg/kg bw/day respectively. Likewise, children targeted hazard quotients (THQ) values were Hg (0.585), Cd (0.151) and Pb (0.071), while adult
THQ values were Hg (0.293), Cd (0.076) and Pb (0.035). Children and adult hazard index (HI) values were 0.949 and 0.404 respectively; while Carcinogenic Risk (CR) values indicated that Cd had higher chances of cancer risks when compared to Pb. Additionally, the aflatoxins level in the fish
species ranged from 0.564–9.422 ppb, with the seafood having lower aflatoxins level when compared to the freshwater fish species. Aflatoxins estimated daily intakes (EDI) exposure was 4.81 × 10−3 and 2.41 × 10−3 μg/kg bw/day for
the children and adults respectively; while the aflatoxins HI value for children was 7.300 × 10−4, and for adults was 7.293 × 10−4. Health risks assessment of heavy metal accumulation in the fish, for both children and adults portrayed insignificant
adverse health effects (THQ < 1), through the oral consumption of the fishes. Aflatoxins level detected in the all fishes was within acceptable limits (10 ppb) as approved by the World Health Organization; however, some of the values for freshwater fishes were above the allowable limit
(2 ppb) approved by the European Union. Though, the results depicted a very low risk of toxic metals and aflatoxins poisoning, there is the need for proper evaluation of current fish processing and storage methods to prevent human exposure to toxic metals and aflatoxins introduced through
smoked-dried fish consumption.
Global Warming, Home Runs, and the Future of America’s Pastime
Authors: Callahan Christopher W. , Dominy Nathaniel J. , DeSilva Jeremy M. , Mankin Justin S.
Published: April 2023

Home runs in baseball—fair balls hit out of the field of play—have risen since 1980, driving strategic shifts in gameplay. Myriad factors likely account for these trends, with some speculating that global warming has contributed via a reduction in ballpark air density. Here we use observations from 100,000 Major League Baseball games and 240,000 individual batted balls to show that higher temperatures substantially increase home runs. We isolate human-caused warming with climate models, finding that >500 home runs since 2010 are attributable to historical warming. Several hundred additional home runs per season are projected due to future warming. Adaptations such as building domes on stadiums or shifting day games to night games reduce temperature’s effects on America’s pastime. Our results highlight the myriad ways that a warmer planet will restructure our lives, livelihoods, and recreation, some quantifiable and easily adapted to, as shown here, many others, not.
Response of the Madden–Julian Oscillation and Tropical Atmosphere to Changes in Oceanic Mixed Layer Depth over the Indian Ocean
Authors: Cicerone Teresa , DelSole Timothy , Trenary Laurie , Kirtman Ben
Published: April 2023

The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is a component of tropical variability that influences high-impact events such as hurricane activity and Asian monsoons on intraseasonal (2–8 weeks) time scales. However, the atmosphere–ocean dynamics responsible for the MJO are highly debated. To gain insight into MJO–Indian Ocean dynamics, we conduct climate model experiments where the ocean is replaced by a motionless slab whose thickness, called the mixed layer depth (MLD), varies in space but not in time. Changes in the MLD and ocean heat convergence over the Indian Ocean have no discernible impact on MJO propagation, predictability, or variability within the Community Earth System Model (CESM) version 1.2.1. This suggests that ocean dynamics may not be critical to the MJO over the Indian Ocean in this dynamical model (CAM5 coupled to motionless slab). To diagnose changes in intraseasonal variability beyond the MJO, a discriminant analysis technique is used to optimize differences in variability between experiments. This analysis reveals that differences caused by changing Indian Ocean MLD were restricted mostly to local surface fluxes and could be explained by simple energy balance physics. Despite modeling adjustments intended to preserve the climate, the control slab has a warmer climate than the fully coupled model. The resulting changes in the mean climate are consistent with changes theoretically expected from global warming, particularly the “wet-gets-wetter” mechanism.

Significance Statement

The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is a tropical eastward-moving pulse of convection that can influence a wide variety of global phenomena. Currently, models do not capture many key aspects of the MJO such as speed and spatial structure. The uppermost ocean layer that communicates with the atmosphere is widely believed to play a large role in the evolution of the MJO. To test the importance of ocean dynamics on simulated MJO, a slab-model configuration is used to allow the atmosphere and ocean to communicate through surface fluxes of heat and moisture while suppressing interactive ocean currents. Changes to the upper ocean did not impact the MJO in our model setup.
The Enhancement of the Summer Precipitation Teleconnection between India and the Northern Part of Eastern China after the Late 1990s
Authors: Li Shuai , Liu Li , Gong Zhiqiang , Yang Jie , Feng Guolin
Published: April 2023

As subsystems of the Asian summer monsoon, summer precipitation variations in India and the northern part of eastern China (NEC) are physically connected. This study noted that the connection has been significantly enhanced after 1999 compared to 1979–98, which is due to the strengthened water vapor transportation connection between the two regions. That is associated with interdecadal variations of the combined effects of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) over the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) on the northwest Pacific subtropical high (NWPSH) and the Indo-Pacific Walker cell. Against the background of La Niña, the strengthened NWPSH and Indo-Pacific Walker cell favor water vapor transport to India and the NEC since 1999. Accordingly, summer precipitation in the two regions increases simultaneously, leading to the enhancement of the summer precipitation teleconnection between them. In addition, the influence of TIO SSTAs and the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) on Indo-Pacific circulations decreases, which further enhances the relative importance of ENSO on the summer precipitation in the two regions. However, during 1979–98, La Niña SSTAs has weak effects on the NWPSH and Indo-Pacific Walker cell, the negative TIO SSTAs significantly weaken NWPSH, and the negative IOD also obstructs the westward extension of the Indo-Pacific Walker cell. Circulations and water vapor transportation related to the Indian Ocean and NEC summer precipitation are inconsistent, resulting in a weak precipitation teleconnection between them. The above conclusions are also validated by extreme case analysis and CMIP6 models.

Significance Statement

This paper mainly studies the influences of different types of ENSO and Indian Ocean SSTAs on the interdecadal variations of the summer precipitation relationship between India and the northern part of eastern China (NEC). We find that the summer precipitation relationship between them is strengthened again after 1999, which deepens the understanding of summer precipitation in Asia and has great significance for improving dynamic models’ prediction skills. The interdecadal variations of the combined effects of the Indian and Pacific Oceans are the fundamental reasons for the interdecadal variations of precipitation relationships, which promotes the understanding of interactions of different oceans and their impacts on Asian climate.
User Selection and Engagement for Climate Services Coproduction
Authors: Baulenas E. , Bojovic D. , Urquiza D. , Terrado M. , Pickard S. , González N. , Clair A. L. St.
Published: April 2023

Climate services are high on the international agenda for their potential to help combat the effects of climate change. However, climate science is rarely directly incorporated into the decision-making processes of societal actors, due to what has been identified as the usability gap. This gap is partially due to a failure to timely and meaningfully engage users in the production of climate services, as well as misperceptions as to which users can best benefit from climate service uptake. In this article, we propose user selection and engagement guidelines that integrate important values from participatory science such as those of legitimacy, representativity, and agency. The guidelines consist of 5 + 1 steps: defining why, where, whom, which attributes, and which intensity and how to select and engage with stakeholders. While these steps may be initially implemented by an ideally interdisciplinary team of scientists and service designers, the final step consists of an iterative process by which each decision is agreed on together with the identified users and stakeholders under a coproduction approach. We believe this systematic user selection and engagement practice is key to support the design of climate services aligned to the actual needs of a wide and inclusive range of empowered societal agents.

Significance Statement

A review of the climate science and services literature and related research projects reveals that, despite the insistence to include users in all stages of the research process, users are often involved only sporadically and inconsistently and when there is little room to change the climate service suitable for decision-making. Here, we argue that a reason for this is the lack of user selection and engagement guidelines. Failure to implement a research design strategy for these decisions can lead to a lack of usability and applicability of the produced climate-related services, as well as hampering their long-term uptake. These guidelines can thus support the development of usable, coproduced, actionable climate science.
The Friction Paradox: Intermediaries, Competition, and Efficiency
Authors: Orbach Barak
Published: April 2023

Commentators sometimes say that the elimination of impediments to trade—namely, market friction—tends to expand trade and foster competition. This casual assumption is known to be erroneous. Antitrust law recognizes that restraints of trade—which are forms of market friction—are often pro-competitive and frequently have both pro- and anticompetitive effects. Accordingly, antitrust law prohibits unreasonable restraints of trade, but not all restraints of trade. Trust-busting advocates promote a different approach to market friction. They argue that the antitrust laws intend to maintain fragmented industries and favor small businesses. This approach, which has been embraced by the antitrust agencies in recent years, implies that high-friction markets are more competitive than low-friction markets. It is an expression of a phenomenon that can be called the “ friction paradox”: the elimination of market friction is desirable until this goal is accomplished. Notable examples of the friction paradox include hostility toward new generations of market intermediaries, such as supermarkets, chain stores, department stores, big-box stores, digital platforms, and digital ecosystems. This article observes that antipathy for large intermediaries results in a willingness to sacrifice the core benefits of competition—low prices, convenience, efficiency, and innovation. It, therefore, argues that antitrust expressions of the friction paradox place competition policy at war with itself.
When the Far Right Makes the News: Protest Characteristics and Media Coverage of Far-Right Mobilization in Europe
Authors: Castelli Gattinara Pietro , Froio Caterina
Published: April 2023

When do the media cover far-right protests? News coverage matters for the entrenchment of the far right in contemporary democracies, but little comparative research has looked at what drives news attention to far-right mobilization. We apply a classic input–output process model of news selection bias to test the hypothesis that the visibility of far-right protests events depends on the characteristics of protest initiators, type of action, and reactions. We appraise this via logistic regressions on an original dataset of 5972 protest events retrieved from online press releases by far-right groups (input) and national quality newspapers (output) in 11 European countries (2008–2018). The analysis confirms that news media are particularly responsive to contentious action, protest around migration issues, and action–reaction chains between political opponents. Our findings shed light on the role of news organizations in the success of the far-right and on the pathways by which these movements shape public agendas.
Believing as Verbal in John’s Gospel
Authors: O’Collins Gerald Glynn
Published: April 2023

In John’s Gospel the verb ‘to believe ( pisteuein)’ occurs nearly one hundred times, whereas the noun ‘faith ( pistis)’ never occurs. Some scholars attempt to explain this, others have not done so. Those who comment on this feature of John are often content to contrast briefly the action-oriented nature of the verb pisteuein with the disposition or even possession suggested by the noun pistis. More remains to be said. What do experts in syntax observe about the different force of nouns and verbs? Why does John employ such nouns as ‘life’, ‘glory’, ‘light’ and ‘love ( agape-)’ along with the corresponding verbs? These nouns point to the unconditional, absolute Life, Glory, Light, and Love which the incarnate Son of God possesses and in which believers can participate. For John, Christ should be called abounding Life but not abounding Faith. Believing is rather the appropriate, ongoing relationship of disciples to Christ himself, not a divine attribute of his in which they can share.
Mental deterioration of refugees and asylum seekers with uncertain legal status in Australia: Perceptions and responses of legal representatives
Authors: Kenny Mary Anne , Procter Nicholas , Grech Carol
Published: April 2023

Background:

Many developed countries have introduced strict measures designed to deter people seeking asylum. Measures such as held detention, insecure visas, restrictions work and services all impact the mental health of asylum seekers. In 2014 Australia introduced a ‘fast track assessment’ (FTA) system of processing refugee claims for asylum seekers who arrived by boat, those found to be refugees were only eligible for temporary residence. Legal professionals play a pivotal role in protecting the rights of asylum seekers and gain unique insight into the impact of the legal system has on clients mental health.

Aim:

To investigate how legal professionals in Australia perceived the impact of the FTA process on their clients.

Methods:

Mixed methods comprising of two phases – (i) an online survey and (ii) follow-up focus groups and interviews with legal professionals involved in assisting asylum seekers in the FTA process. An inductive thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.

Results:

Survey results were obtained from 38 legal professionals. Follow up in depth qualitative focus groups and interviews were conducted with 16 survey participants. The data demonstrate that legal professionals encounter clients in complex seemingly insurmountable mental health crises including deepening mental distress and deterioration, feelings of hopelessness, defeat and entrapment. Interviewees shared compelling examples of what they believed constituted a direct connection between asylum seekers experiencing uncertainty and deteriorating mental health over time with fluctuations in hopelessness, anger, withdrawal and suicidality. These negative impacts were often compounded by separation from family.

Conclusions:

The legal framework for determining whether an asylum seeker is a refugee can have a detrimental impact on the mental health of asylum seekers. The mental distress of asylum seekers and refugees is exacerbated by uncertainty linked to both delays in processing accompanied by sustained and ongoing uncertainty of legal status.
Low velocity impact behavior of auxetic CFRP composite laminates with in-plane negative Poisson’s ratio
Authors: Lin Wenhua , Wang Yeqing
Published: April 2023

Introducing auxeticity or negative Poisson’s ratio is one potential solution to mitigate the low velocity impact damage of fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites, which can be achieved by tailoring the layup of an anisotropic composite laminate. This study aims to investigate the effect of laminate-level in-plane negative Poisson’s ratio on the low velocity impact behavior of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) matrix composites using numerical simulations. The layups of the auxetic composites that allow them to produce negative Poisson’s ratios are identified based on the Classical Lamination Theory and verified through fundamental coupon-level experimental tests. To ensure meaningful comparisons, the non-auxetic counterpart composites are designed by allowing them to produce positive in-plane Poisson’s ratio while closely matching the longitudinal effective modulus of the auxetic laminate. The simulation results indicate that the auxetic laminates suffer smaller (12.6% on average) delamination area in top and bottom interfaces, much smaller (38% on average) matrix compressive damage in the top and bottom plies, and smaller (14.6% on average) fiber tensile damage area in each ply of the laminate at relatively higher impact energies (5 and 8 J).
Music Teachers’ Experiences with Implementing Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Authors: Bernard Cara , Talbot Brent C.
Published: April 2023

This article describes music educators’ conceptions of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). We collaborated with six music teachers to consider ways in which DEI is conceptualized and practiced in their own teaching settings. The teachers were carefully selected to encompass a multitude of identities, including race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, location, class, ability, teaching setting, musical background, and teaching experience. Through our conversations, we learned how these teachers locate their identities through their own narratives and how these social constructions converge in their work through pedagogical and curricular strategies. It is our hope that their insights might start a conversation about the current state of DEI work being approached in music education and provide suggestions for more diverse, equitable, and inclusive practices and policies in music classrooms.
Death Anxiety, Religious Attitude and Associated Factors in Dialysis Patients, A Descriptive Study; Turkey Sample
Authors: Burucu Rukiye , Cantekin Işın
Published: April 2023

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between death anxiety and religious attitudes of patients receiving hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis treatment, and to determine the differences between the two treatment groups according to the affecting factors. Method: It is a descriptive research. The study was completed with 105 individuals receiving dialysis treatment. The study universe is dialysis patients who continue their treatment in the same hospital. The sample size and power was determined by utilizing the results of another study. Descriptive characteristics form, Religious Attitude Scale and Death Anxiety Scale were used to collect data. Results: The mean age, religious attitude scale score and death anxiety scale score of the participants is 57,01 ± 12,969, 3,10 ± 0.612, and 9,55 ± 3,533, respectively. Conclusion: The religious attitude of dialysis patients is moderate and they have death anxiety. Hemodialysis patients have more death anxiety. There is a weak correlation between religious attitude and death anxiety. Recommendations: It can be suggested that nurses who care for dialysis patients, should be aware of the role of religion in the lives of dialysis patients and its relationship with health outcomes, and it may be recommended to apply holistic care for these patients to express their feelings and their concerns about death.
A dynamic drafting model with the frictional force between fibers
Authors: Fan Jule , Zhang Yuze , Wang Jun
Published: April 2023

Roller drafting is one of the most critical processes in spinning. This study established a dynamic drafting model and simulated the drafting process affected by the frictional force between fibers. In the simulation, the dynamic drafting process of fibers was simulated by calculating the movement time of fibers in the drafting zone. Moreover, the dynamic accelerating process of fibers was simulated by calculating the frictional force between fibers during the dynamic drafting process. Therefore, this model could simulate the dynamic drafting process affected by the frictional force between fibers. The proposed model was validated by the comparison with the experimental data of accelerated point distribution and output sliver irregularity. In addition, the distribution of accelerated points and fibers with various drafting ratios was simulated. The simulated results indicated that the greater the draft ratio, the more the slow fibers and the fewer the fast fibers in the drafting zone. Furthermore, the accelerated point distribution was more concentrated and closer to the front roller nip line. Thus, this model can offer a valuable reference to investigate the principle of influence of drafting conditions on the drafting process.
Psychosocial Factors Predict Mask-Wearing: A Longitudinal Study Across 3 Phases of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Magoc Dejan , Tomaka Joe , Emovon Osasere , Mustapha Toheeb
Published: April 2023

Determinants of mask-wearing during a pandemic range from the personal to the political. Using a repeated measures design, we examined psychosocial predictors of self-reported mask-wearing 3 times during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants completed surveys at baseline (summer 2020), 3 months (fall 2020), and 6 months (winter 2020-2021). The survey assessed the frequency of mask-wearing and psychosocial predictors from various theories, including fear of COVID-19, perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, attitude, health locus of control, and self-efficacy. Results indicated that the strongest predictors of mask-wearing varied as a function of the stage in the pandemic. In the earliest phase, fear of COVID-19 and perceived severity were the strongest predictors. Three months later, attitude was the strongest predictor. Finally, another 3 months later, self-efficacy became the strongest predictor. Overall, the results suggest that the primary determinants of a novel protective behavior shift over time and with increased familiarity.
White Hat, Black Hat, Slouch Hat: Could Australia’s Military Cyber Capability be Deployed Under Commonwealth Call-Out Powers?
Authors: Walker-Munro Brendan
Published: April 2023

In April 2016, then Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull confirmed the existence of Australia’s offensive cyber capability. Said to constitute both a coordinating Information Warfare Division inside the Australian Army as well as dedicated cyberoffensive capability inside the Australian Signals Directorate, the unveiling of this capability was a watershed in Australian defence policy. Yet whilst the literature has briefly examined whether Australia’s cyberoffensive capability is congruous with international law, no such analysis under Australia’s domestic laws has been undertaken. This paper seeks to partially address this gap in the research by focusing on whether the Australian Defence Force could legally launch cyberattacks against domestic targets under Commonwealth call-out powers.
The Curvilinear Effects of Leader Public Service Motivation on Person–Supervisor Fit and Subordinate Emotional Exhaustion: Evidence From Field and Experimental Studies
Authors: Potipiroon Wisanupong
Published: April 2023

Past research has shed important light on the dark side of individuals’ public service motivation (PSM) in relation to their own well-being. This study turns attention to the role of leader PSM and asks whether it could have a curvilinear relationship with subordinate emotional exhaustion. Drawing from the person–environment (P-E) fit perspective, this study proposes that this curvilinear relationship is mediated by perceptions of person–supervisor (PS) fit and moderated by subordinate PSM. The results from the field and two experimental vignette studies in Thailand provide support for the proposed hypotheses. In particular, higher levels of emotional exhaustion and lower levels of PS fit were observed at the low and high levels of leader PSM, whereas the moderate level of leader PSM was associated with lower emotional exhaustion and higher PS fit. The results from the experimental studies further indicate that individuals with high PSM, in comparison with those with low PSM, perceived higher PS fit with leaders who have moderate to high levels of PSM, in turn, experiencing less emotional exhaustion. These findings highlight the potential dark side of leader PSM, which lends further credence to the too-much-of-a-good-thing effect. Nevertheless, these effects also depend on employees’ PSM levels.
First-Generation College Students: Goals and Challenges of Community College
Authors: Bamberger Marissa R. , Smith Thomas J.
Published: April 2023

Objective: This study examines whether there are differences among first-generation and continuing-generation community college students in the importance they place on achieving college-related goals and difficulties they face from college- and other life-related challenges. Methods: Data were drawn from the Community College Libraries and Academic Support for Student Success student survey. Results: Results from MANCOVA show that, after adjusting for age, gender identity, U.S. birth status, and race/ethnicity, first-generation college students (FGCSs) place more importance on achieving college-related goals and face greater difficulties from college- and other life-related challenges than continuing-generation college students (CGCSs). Contributions: These findings indicate that community colleges should offer more support to FGCSs pertaining to students’ goals and challenges so that all community college students may be successful in their academic pursuits. Future research should explore interaction effects among student demographics and their goals and challenges as well as interventions to support community college students. This is because community colleges enroll the largest number of FGCSs compared to other institutions of higher education, and FGCSs and community college students share challenges when it comes to obtaining a college degree.