bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VARIOUS ORIGINS PNEUMONIA EXPRESS DIAGNOSIS DURING THE WAR IN UKRAINE
Authors: Koliada Oleh M. , Tynynyka Lyudmila M. , Koliada Tetyana I. , Nikolchenko Andrii Yu. , Legach Yevgen I. , Globa Vyacheslav Yu. , Legach Sergiy Ye.
Published: July 2024

Introduction. The study of the serum level of PCT and sTREM has been proposed as markers of bacterial infection, which have been applied for the early differentiation of processes of viral and bacterial etiology.
Aim. Determination of express markers for predicting the effectiveness of empiric antibiotic therapy in patients with IPD.
Materials and methods. Study groups with viral pneumonias, as well as bacterial etiology caused by Haemophilus influenzae, groups of patients with ChOPd I-II III- IV stages were formed. Controls for the studied groups were patients at the stage of remission and a group of healthy individuals without lung pathology and infectious diseases. The specific identification of microorganisms in the clinical material of patients with pneumonia was carried out in two stages: the first stage in the laboratories of the respective hospitals was carried out by the method of HIR and CFT; the second was carried out with the help of specific antibodies by the indirect fluorescence method using a fluorescent microscope and qualitative analysis test kits («Respiratory Tract Profile 1 BIOCHIP Mosaics for infectious serology», Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG «EUROIMMUN»).
Results. In our study, the serum level of sTREM-1 was used as a criterion for assessing the probability of bacterial infection and, accordingly, increasing the degree of reliability of the prognosis provided by the PCT level study. The expression level of sTREM-1 and PCT were used as markers of bacterial infection for the early differentiation of processes of viral and bacterial etiology.
Conclusions. The study of serum levels of PCT and sTREM, which are markers of bacterial infection and are used for early differentiation of processes of viral and bacterial etiology, has demonstrated the prognostic importance of the express assessment method of the infectious process etiology. The obtained results were used in the development of method for predicting the effectiveness of empiric antibiotic therapy in patients with IPD infectious diseases.
THE IMPACT OF THE KIDNEY FUNCTION ON THE PROGRESSION AND OUTCOMES OF CORONAVIRUS TREATMENT
Authors: Mahiiovych Solomiia R. , Maksymets Tetiana A. , Kovalchuk Halyna I. , Karpyshyn Natalia V. , Kit Zoryana M. , Sklyarov Eugen Ya.
Published: July 2024

Introduction. Manifestations of kidney damage in coronavirus disease vary from asymptomatic proteinuria to acute kidney damage that requires renal replacement therapy. Decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is associated with worse prognosis and increased in-hospital mortality.
Aim. To compare the clinical and laboratory characteristics of the course and the results of the coronavirus disease treatment in hospitalized patients depending on the GFR.
Materials and methods. The study included 243 hospitalized patients with moderate and severe coronavirus disease aged from 18 to 88 years, among them 110 females and 133 males. All patients were segregated into two groups depending on GFR: 1st group – 132 individuals with GFR > 60 mL/min per 1.73m2, 2nd group – 111 individuals with GFR <60 mL/min per 1.73m2. A general clinical examination and laboratory tests (PCR for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus, general blood test, glucose, liver and kidney markers, coagulation tests, d-dimer, interleukin-6, ferritin, procalcitonin, and determination of albumin and creatinine in urine with calculation of their ratio), instrumental studies (computed tomography or multi-positional radiography of the thoracic organs, pulse oximetry) were performed. The CKD-EPI (2021 update) formula was used to calculate GFR. Comparison of groups was performed by means of the Mann-Whitney U-test. Categorical data were presented as proportions and analyzed using the Chi-square test. The results were considered statistically reliable at p<0.05.
Results. Among the cohort of patients with diminished GFR, there was a notable prevalence of symptoms such as hemoptysis, hematuria, hypertension, and pronounced weakness. Additionally, higher levels of serum CRP, interleukin-6, and procalcitonin were significantly more frequent in this group. It was found that 7 patients (5.3%) among the patients of the 1st group died, while 22 patients (19.8%) died in the 2nd group, p=0.0005.
Conclusions. In patients with reduced GFR, such symptoms as hemoptysis, hematuria, hypertension and severe general weakness were significantly more often observed. Laboratory indicators included higher levels of CRP, interleukin-6, procalcitonin, and albumin/creatinine ratio, which indicated a more severe course and activity of the inflammatory process. The mortality rate in patients with reduced GFR was 19.8% and was significantly higher than in the group with normal GFR – 5.3%, p=0.0005.
MODERN ASPECTS OF QUALITY ASSURANCE OF OBSTETRICAL AND GYNECOLOGICAL CARE
Authors: Mykytenko Nataliia M.
Published: July 2024

Introduction. The task of social medicine is to deepen the medical and social aspects of developing mechanisms for improving the quality of medical care in obstetric and gynecological health care institutions and building an effective quality system to ensure the reproductive health of the population.
Aim. Update of factors of the effectiveness of the management of the quality system of obstetric and gynecological care in health care institutions and determination of the combinatorics of influencing factors that should be taken into account for the harmonization of its functioning, which characterize the specifics and features of its development.
Materials and methods. General scientific and theoretical approaches (system-complex, alarm-process, structural-functional) and methods were used: generalization; analysis and synthesis; grouping, comparison, identification and visual reproduction of results, structural and functional. The theoretical basis is the achievements of foreign and domestic scientists in the field of social medicine, Laws of Ukraine on the organization of the quality system, EU Directives and Recommendations of the Council of Europe on the introduction of standards and maintenance of ethical aspects of reproductive medicine.
Results. The conceptual and categorical apparatus of the theory of social medicine was developed by defining the essence of the concept of "resilient system of quality of medical care in health care institutions of the obstetric and gynecological profile" as a complex resource-functional structure, which: has ten subsystems and is built taking into consideration the provisions of the system-complex and the alarm-process approach to determining its goals and prioritizing the performance of three groups of tasks; takes into account the combinatorics of influencing factors; aimed at ensuring stability and adaptability to changing conditions, incorporating into its composition a system of monitoring, analysis and improvement of medical care, ensuring high quality of medical care, safety and meeting the needs of patients in the field of obstetrics and gynecology practice.
Conclusions. The urgency has been proven: the introduction into practice of a resilient quality system of medical care; justification of the multi-level system of relative indicators of its evaluation according to a single criterion; determination of priorities for the localization of efforts to eliminate shortcomings and implementation of strategies to achieve the defined goals. Scientific and applied research identified the need for building a resilient quality system of medical care in obstetric and gynecological health care institutions, developing an algorithm of management actions for its formation and putting it into practice with the development of a multidimensional system of relative indicators to assess the effectiveness of its implementation.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY ASSESSMENT OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES CONTAINING ORGANIC CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
Authors: Fomina Nadiia S. , Kovalchuk Valentin P. , Vovk Iryna M. , Fomin Oleksandr O. , Kovalenko Iryna M.
Published: July 2024

Introduction. Microbial spoilage of food products has been a perennial problem. According to the WHO, the world records between 68.4 to 275 million cases of acute infectious diarrhea annually. The microbiological safety of food products is crucial as one of the criteria for their quality.
Aim. Antimicrobial activity detection of organic carbonic acids against the most common causative agents of food-borne toxic infections.
Materials and methods. The antimicrobial action detection of organic carbonic acids was carried out on bacterial strains S. aureus, S. typhimurium, E. coli, P. vulgaris, C. freundii, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa by the dilution method in tryptone-soy broth and in a buffer solution of sodium chloride with peptone (pH 7.0). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the highest value from three determinations for each culture taken in the study. The pH of the medium was determined using a portable pH meter AMT16V (Amtast USA Inc).
Results. The growth of all bacterial species, that were used in the study, stopped in tryptone-soy broth with a formic acid content of 0.0625%, and the concentration of acetic acid for these microorganisms ranged from 0,0625% to 0,125%. Propionic and lactic acids inhibited the growth of the vast majority of investigated bacterial species at the same concentration (0,125%). Citric acid stopped the growth of Salmonella spp. and Klebsiella spp., at a concentration of 0,5%. Therefore, S. aureus, P. vulgaris, and C. freundii demonstrated the highest level of sensitivity to the action of organic acids. On the other hand, Salmonella spp. were the least sensitive to the acid action, as propionic and lactic acids inactivated them at a concentration of 0,25%, but citric acid at 0,5% one.
Conclusions. Organic carboxylic acids demonstrate sufficiently high antimicrobial activity and inhibit the growth of bacteria which are the most common causative agents of food-borne infections.
IMPROVEMENT OF INSTRUMENTAL DIAGNOSTICS OF NODAL PATHOLOGY OF THE THYROID GLAND
Authors: Zinchenko Natalia I. , Khoperi Victoria G.
Published: July 2024

Aim. Increasing the efficiency of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) of thyroid nodules at the pre-analytical stage by optimizing biopsy technology under ultrasound control.
Materials and methods. The material for the study was the results of TAP of thyroid nodules of 1960 patients (aged 16 to 82 years). All patients in the period 2015-2022 underwent FNA of nodular formations of the thyroid gland on the basis of the Department of X-ray and Functional Diagnostics with Ultrasound Studies of the Medical Center of the SIS "RPC PCM" SAD.
 FNA was performed by ultrasound doctors of the highest qualification category using a biopsy gun and exclusively under ultrasound control. Sonographic criteria proposed by the ATA (American Thyroid Association) were used to determine the indications for FNA. For 402 patients, biopsy was performed under ultrasound control and without assessment of aspirate adequacy during manipulation. For 1,552 patients during the biopsy an express cytological method was used to assess the adequacy of aspirates, which was performed by an ultrasound doctor who had mastered the technique of preliminary cytological analysis. The efficiency of both methods was compared according to the criterion of informativeness of the obtained cytomorphological material.
Results. In total, among 1,960 cases of FNA of thyroid nodules, cytological results were not informative in 55 cases (2.81%). In the FNA group without express cytological analysis (402 cases), uninformative cytological results were found in 49 cases (12.19%), and with the use of express cytological analysis during biopsy (1558 cases), uninformative cytological findings were found in only 6 patients (0.39%).
Conclusions. The application of the optimized technology of FNA of thyroid nodules under ultrasound control with express cytology of aspirate by an ultrasound doctor increases the informativeness of the method and the economic component of FNA.
Efeitos da pandemia de covid-19 no jornalismo televisivo: o caso da TVI
Authors: Silva Carvalho Elvio
Published: July 2024

Introdução: A pandemia de covid-19 colocou desafios ao normal exercício do jornalismo televisivo. As medidas restritivas governamentais obrigaram as redações a adaptarem-se e a procurarem soluções que permitissem a manutenção da atividade. Metodologia: Esta investigação procurou identificar quais os entraves específicos que surgiram, que práticas foram alteradas para os ultrapassar e, principalmente, quais foram revertidas após o fim das restrições e quantas se tornaram permanentes. O objeto de estudo foi a redação do canal português TVI, com a realização de entrevistas a 12 funcionários, entre dezembro de 2022 e março de 2023. Resultados: Os resultados revelaram a generalização do teletrabalho e equipas em rotatividade, a acumulação de funções, aumento do volume de trabalho e a utilização de ferramentas de menor qualidade para alimentar os noticiários. Conclusões: Verificou-se que, em 2023, a maioria das alterações já tinha sido revertida, mas, também, que algumas práticas passaram a integrar as rotinas da redação.
Los primeros auxilios en la formación de los maestros de Educación Infantil
Authors: Lafuente Jorge Carlos , González-Raboso Aida
Published: July 2024

Introducción: La etapa de Educación Infantil es clave en el desarrollo del niño. En esta comienza a manejar su aparato locomotor y a conocer el mundo, por lo que el riesgo de accidente es alto y los/as maestros/as deben estar bien formados. Metodología: 57 estudiantes del Grado de Magisterio en Educación Infantil de la Universidad de Oviedo de cuarto curso, participaron en el estudio. Estos completaron un cuestionario de respuestas abiertas sobre tres categorías, referidas a la importancia del maestro/a, la formación y la actuación en prevención y primeros auxilios. Resultados: Los estudiantes señalan que la figura del maestro es clave, la formación deficitaria y las actuaciones no son del todo adecuadas. Discusión: El alumnado señala que es importante la ayuda y la colaboración con el resto de profesionales y las familias, indicando en relación a la formación, la necesidad de aumentar cuantiativa y cualitativamente las enseñanzas sobre esta materia en el Grado. Conclusiones: Se debe mejorar la formación en primeros auxilios en el Grado de Magisterio, debido a que los pocos conocimientos adquiridos en el aula no son del todo correctas.
Fiber-optical sensor for control of parameters overhead power lines
Authors: Lezhniuk P.D. , Cherkashyna V.V. , Sikorska O.V.
Published: July 2024

The article presents the physical properties and principle of operation of a fiber-optic sensor based on a Bragg grating and analyzes its indicators. Schemes of a fiber-optic sensor are proposed depending on the purpose of the optical fiber in the sensor. The expediency of using a distributed fiber-optic sensor to control the operational and structural parameters of overhead power lines is substantiated by analyzing the sensitivity indicators of the Breggir grid to the temperature ranges of the wires and mechanical force, as well as the need to take into account during the design of equipping the lines with monitoring systems with a fiber-optic sensor.
Classification model of digital coding methods
Authors: Martyniuk T.B. , Voinalovych O.Yu.
Published: July 2024

In modern computer applications, efficient processing of digital information requires optimal coding of digital data, especially considering the speed and immunity of processing and transmission of coded information. This work is devoted to the classification analysis of known coding methods with an emphasis on their immunity. Jam-resistant codes play a key role in ensuring the reliability and efficiency of information transmission, as well as ensuring its integrity in critical object processing, analysis and recognition systems. An extended version of the classification model of coding methods is proposed, which uses the basic characteristics of codes according to the algebraic theory of coding. This classification is supplemented among single codes by a single even code, among multi-valued codes by the Fibonacci code, among cyclical codes by a modified Eliez code. In addition, a list of modern cyclic codes is given. From the point of view of immunity, two cyclic codes are considered: a modified Elaies code and a single positional code. A comparison of the corrective properties of the Elaies code, the modified Elaies code and the Hamming code was performed. As a result, it is shown that the modified Elaies code allows correcting triple errors in the rows of the correction matrix and detecting triple errors in the columns of the correction matrix. A comparative analysis of two unit codes, positional and normal with the Hamming code, was made. Therefore, the single positional code, like the Hamming code, is capable not only of detecting, but also of correcting single errors. This functional power of the unit positional code is contained in the way of encoding its combinations in contrast to the Hamming code, in which control symbols are provided.
Analysis of big data in computer graphics
Authors: Romanyuk O.N. , Pavlov S.V. , Bobko O.L. , Zavalnyuk E.K. , Reshetnik O.O.
Published: July 2024

In this article, an overview of the aspects of big data analysis and representation in computer graphics is presented, creating new prospects for the development and improvement of applications for processing graphic information, visualization, and simulation. Thanks to advancements in data processing and analysis technologies, computer graphics can become even more realistic, interactive, and efficient. Data can come from various sources, including 3D scanning, modeling, sensors, video cameras, games, and simulations. Storing large volumes of graphic data requires effective solutions such as distributed file systems, databases, and cloud services. The review analysis covers the processing of big data, including machine learning, image recognition algorithms, parallel computing, and resource optimization. Special attention is paid to the challenges and prospects of using big data in computer graphics, which includes improving the quality of graphic data analysis, optimizing the rendering of extremely large images, and integration with third-party systems.
Obieg apokryfów Starego Testamentu w literaturze koptyjskiej
Authors: Piwowarczyk Przemysław
Published: July 2024

Artykuł stanowi przegląd apokryfów Starego Testamentu w języku koptyjskim. Na wstępie omawia problem natury i liczby apokryfów w kontekście egipskiego chrześcijaństwa, za punkt odniesienie przyjmując finalnie Clavis apocryphorum Veteris Testamenti. Część analityczna pokazuje, że kodeksy zawierające rękopisy apokryfów stanowiły margines produkcji książkowej w języku koptyjskim. Były on relatywnie dobrze reprezentowane do V w., ale następnie straciły na popularności, a jedynie poszczególne motywy znalazły miejsce w nowych kompozycjach – zwłaszcza homiliach. Także analiza zachowanych katalogów bibliotecznych i list książek na papirusach, ostrakach i inskrypcjach dowodzi praktycznej nieobecności apokryfów Starego Testamentu wśród lektur monastycznych. Część interpretacyjna wskazuje na monastycyzację chrześcijaństwa koptyjskiego i zacieśnienie kontroli biskupiej jako kluczowe czynniki spadku produkcji rękopisów z apokryfami.
X-ray structural studies of proteins at the A.V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Authors: Kuranova I. P. , Lashkov A. A. , Samygina V. R.
Published: July 2024

The emergence and development of X-ray crystallography of macromolecules or protein crystallography is one of the outstanding scientific achievements in the 20th century. The ability to determine the spatial structure of macromolecules of proteins and nucleic acids at the atomic level has ensured the rapid development of molecular biology, biochemistry, bioengineering, biotechnology, and enabled to reach the modern level of pharmacology. The review presents the results of a series of protein structure studies performed at the A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, the Russian Academy of Sciences, starting from the 1960s and up to the present day.
Electro-induced photonic structures in cholesteric and nematic liquid crystals
Authors: Palto S. P. , Geivandov A. R. , Kasyanova I. V. , Rybakov D. O. , Simdyankin I. V. , Umansky B. A. , Shtykov N. M.
Published: July 2024

This paper reviews recent research performed at the liquid crystals laboratory of the A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Russian Academy of Sciences, focusing on photonic liquid crystalline structures induced by electric fields. Due to field-induced spatial modulation of the refractive index, such structures exhibit optical properties characteristic of photonic crystals. Two types of structures are discussed. The first type is induced in cholesteric liquid crystals with spontaneous formation of a helical director distribution. The orientation transition to a state with a lying helix – with the axis in the plane of the layer – is considered. The second type consists of homogeneous layers of non-chiral nematic liquid crystals, where the modulation of the refractive index arises due to the flexoelectric instability effect. In both cases, periodic boundary conditions of molecule orientation are crucial. Methods of forming boundary conditions and the photonic properties of structures are reviewed.
X-ray small-angle scattering in the study of the structure of disordered nanosystems
Authors: Volkov V. V. , Konarev P. V. , Petoukhov M. V. , Asadchikov V. E.
Published: July 2024

Small-angle scattering (SAS) of X-rays and neutrons is a method for studying the nanostructure of condensed systems with resolutions ranging from fractions to hundreds of nanometers. Its capabilities have significantly expanded in recent decades thanks to the emergence of bright synchrotron radiation sources and laboratory setups with microfocus sources. The increase in computational power of available computers has been accompanied by the development of new algorithms and data analysis techniques, making SAS one of the most effective methods for studying nanostructured materials. After a brief overview of the basic principles of SAS, this paper presents the most prominent examples of such analysis with isotropic dispersive nanosystems: modeling the structure of biological macromolecules in solution, determining size distributions of inhomogeneities in polydisperse systems, and studying multicomponent systems of nanoparticles of various natures. The SAS method does not require special sample preparation and allows for studying objects under conditions close to natural, which is particularly demanded in the development of nature-like technologies.
Oligomerization of IHF protein in the presence of metal cations
Authors: Gordienko A. M. , Dadinova L. A. , Petoukhov M. V. , Mozhaev A. A. , Manuvera V. A. , Lazarev V. N. , Shtykova E. V.
Published: July 2024

The oligomeric state of the nucleoid-associated protein IHF (integration host factor) plays a significant role in organizing and compacting bacterial nucleoids, as well as in the process of bacterial resistance to adverse environmental conditions, including antibiotics. Although IHF was identified more than 25 years ago, the molecular mechanisms of its involvement in such processes remain poorly understood. In this study, using small-angle X-ray scattering, various oligomeric forms of IHF were first identified in aqueous solution depending on the presence of metal cations. It was found that the presence of Mg2+ and K+ ions inhibits the formation of high-order oligomers. The obtained data can be useful in developing strategies to overcome bacterial resistance to drugs.
Моделирование электронных свойств, энтальпия образования и диэлектрические характеристики Yb-легированного монокристалла TlInS2
Authors: Асадов С. М. , Мустафаева С. Н. , Гусейнова С. С. , Лукичев В. Ф.
Published: July 2024

На геометрически оптимизированных суперъячейках T1InS2 и T1InS2 Yb с использованием теории функционала плотности (DFT) рассчитаны электронные свойства образцов. Рассчитана также энтальпия образования T1InS2. Установлено, что T1InS2 имеет слоистую моноклинную сингонию с пространственной группой C2/c–C2h6 . В образцах изучена частотная дисперсия тангенса угла ди­электрических потерь (tgδ), действительной (ε′) и мнимой (ε″) составляющих комплексной диэлектрической проницаемости и проводимости в переменных электрических полях (ac-проводимость – σac) поперек слоев в области частот f = 5 × 104–3.5 × 107 Гц. В диапазоне частот f = 5 × 104–2.4 ×107 Гц ac-проводимость монокристалла T1InS2 1 ат% Yb подчинялась закономерности σac ∼f 0.8, характерной для прыжковой проводимости носителей заряда по состояниям, лежащим в окрестности уровня Ферми. Оценены плотность и энергетический разброс состояний вблизи уровня Ферми, среднее время и расстояние прыжков, концентрация ловушек, ответственных за проводимость T1InS2 1 ат% Yb на переменном токе.
Russia — Latin America. Military-technical factor in the context of the special military operation
Authors: Piatakov Andrey N.
Published: July 2024

The article analyses the problems of Russia's arms supplies to Latin America in the period from 2012 to 2017 in the context of NATO's attempts to attract the states of the region as arms suppliers to the Ukrainian side in the armed conflict between Moscow and Kiev. The motives of the co-optation of Latin American countries into the conflict. Five levels of the Latin American community's response to Russia's special military operation have been identified, of which the highest is the level of specific political decisions. The refusal of arms supplies (including those previously supplied by Russia) by Latin American States to the conflict zone should be considered as the most striking example of a response at the fifth level and a symptom of strategic neutrality as the dominant equivalent reaction of the Latin American community to the conflict.
The role of the traditional energy sector in the current energy crisis. An inter-party discussion in Spain
Authors: Ignatovich Anastasia P.
Published: July 2024

The energy crisis of 2021—2022 has caused a revision of the energy future of each country. Spanish political parties attach special importance to this issue, realizing their role in the energy well-being of the Kingdom. The leaders of the five leading parties make a difficult choice between traditional energy and alternative energy sources, often becoming participants in fierce debates on the preservation and further use of the traditional sector in the country. The difficult realities of the modern energy crisis have a serious impact on the continuous process of comparing two types of energy, forcing party members to take a critical view of the energy agenda.
The return of the seas: the great powers in the waters of the Global South
Authors: Mastragostino Pablo Agustin
Published: July 2024

The author offers an overview of the content of the work written by A.Gonzalez Levaggi, dedicated to the analysis of the maritime strategies of great powers in the 21st century — from the Indian and Pacific Oceans to the South Atlantic region.
The PRC — LAC — US triangle in the context of the Monroe doctrine
Authors: Arsentyeva Irina I.
Published: July 2024

The article examines the Latin American vector of foreign policy of China, which is rapidly expanding its engagement with Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Meanwhile, the United States is increasingly losing influence in the region, but based on the principles of the Monroe Doctrine it seeks to oust external actors from its “backyard”. In this regard, it becomes relevant to analyze possible policy options for the LAC states in the context of rising US-China geopolitical tensions.
Presidential elections in Ecuador: progress, analysis, results
Authors: Galibina-Lebedeva Elena S.
Published: July 2024

In mid-October 2023, the electoral cycle ended in Ecuador. Its results were the election of the youngest president in the country's history, center-right Daniel Noboa. With a difference of less than four percent, Noboa managed to defeat her opponent, ‘correist’ Luisa Gonzalez. The parliamentary elections demonstrated that today none of the political forces can propose a program supported by the major part of society, and therefore none of the factions received an absolute parliamentary majority. This made three influential forces – the Civil Revolution, the Social Christian Party and the ADN presidential party – to create a situational coalition to solve the primary problems in the country: reducing the high level of violence and providing employment for the population. However, if this coalition falls apart, there is a good chance that President Noboa will repeat the political fate of his predecessor. The very conduct of this election campaign became the implementation in the political field of articles 138 and 140 known as muerte cruzada (‘cross death’) implementation in the political field, meaning the mechanism for president impeaching and simultaneously dissolving Parliament, after which early general elections are called. The election campaign took place under conditions of a state of emergency declared in the country on the eve of the first round of elections due to the murder of one of the presidential candidates. The use of the historical-comparative method in the article allows us to compare the political landscape around the previous and new Ecuadorian leaders and identify the institutional political structures features. And the historical-systemic method allows us to analyze the causes of political turbulence and Ecuadorian society polarization, and conflict-consensual development relations between the president and parliament and to predict political steps of the new president.
The Bolivian Communist Party: challenges of guerrilla and the formation of political alliances
Authors: Schelchkov Andrey A.
Published: July 2024

This article is a study of the history of the Communist Party of Bolivia during the most dramatic period for the leftist, revolutionary movement in Latin America, the so-called long 60s. It was a time of direct confrontation between the forces of reaction and progress, a time of intense ideological struggle, of renewal of the left and the search for new forms of struggle. The Communist Party of Bolivia bore the burden of decisions related to the guerilla of E. Che Guevara in their country. The tragic denouement of the Che Guevara epic was the impetus for the revolutionary upsurge in Bolivia, the emergence of progressive military regimes, and the attempt to create popular organs of power, the People's Assembly, in which the protagonism of the Communists was undeniable. This article analyzes the party's policy of choosing allies, ideological concepts of “democracy of the masses” as a period of transition to socialism, and attempts to implement them within the electoral alliance of Popular and Democratic Unity, in which the PCB shared the burden of power in the early 1980s. This unsuccessful experience of the Communist Party's in the power led to a severe internal crisis and the virtual disappearance of the party as an important political actor in Bolivian politics.
Spain: transformation of the state and society in conditions of turbulence
Authors: Iwanowski Zbigniew W.
Published: July 2024

This article provides a brief overview of the content and analysis of the monograph prepared by the famous historian and political scientist Sergey M. Khenkin and dedicated to the problems of modernization of Spanish state and consolidation of civil society in conditions of political and social instability. Sections of the book reflect the author's view of modern Spain, which, after the transition to democracy, made a powerful breakthrough in political and socio-economic development, but at the same time retains numerous elements of traditionalism. Sections of the monograph reveal the transition from the authoritarianism to consolidated democracy, various angles of social transformation, evolution and current state of the party system, as well as problems and challenges of the state of autonomies.
Energy policy of Brazil: new challenges and opportunities
Authors: Khlopov Oleg A.
Published: July 2024

The article covers the evolution of Brazil’s energy policy and analyzes the current state of the energy sector. Brazil has a high share of renewable energy sources, approaching 50%. However, the fact that much of this energy comes from hydropower and biofuels, as well as the recent discoveries of huge oil reserves off the coast of Brazil, is raising debates about the future development of Brazilian energy industry, taking into account sustainable development goals and global trends towards decarbonization of the energy mix. The author reveals the features of the development of energy in Brazil, considers the role of various energy sources: hydropower, hydrocarbon resources, renewable energy sources, as well as nuclear energy, which was accompanied by environmental and socioeconomic problems. It is concluded that studying Brazil’s approaches to energy efficiency, to the creation of a regulatory framework, as well as its experience in implementing an energy strategy combining the use of hydrocarbon resources with the transition to the widespread use of renewable resources would be useful to Russian companies in an environment of increasing global competition.
Brazilian “soft power”. In the context of peacekeeping missions in Haiti and Lebanon
Authors: Timofeeva Julia A.
Published: July 2024

In the context of growing tensions in international relations the example of Brazil as a country that integrated into the global context mainly by peaceful means and which in 2023 was again headed by the president who consolidated its status of a peacekeeping country in the first decade of the XXI century is of particular relevance. The year 2024 will mark the 20th anniversary of Brazil's landmark UN peacekeeping operation in Haiti, and the aggravation of the political and social situation on the island since the second half of 2021 makes the topic even more pressing. Using the case study method, i.e., the example of the missions in Haiti and Lebanon, the author analyses the use of “soft power” by Brazilian peacekeepers during the operations with a force component.
Ekistics in Arnold J. Toynbee Works
Authors: Vorobieva Olga V.
Published: July 2024

In the article the author examines the origin and development of the research interest of the British historian Arnold Joseph Toynbee (1889–1975) in ekistics, the science of the formation and evolution of human settlements. It describes the circumstances of his meeting and cooperation with the Greek architect Constantinos Doxiadis, the originator of this science, and analyses three of Toynbee’s books written in the course of this collaboration, which have not yet attracted much scholarly attention so far. Toynbee tried to combine the view of the city offered by ekistics with his own historical ideas and his interest in human geography. The author demonstrates that for Toynbee the city is part of the general civilizing process, a general historical phenomenon – both horizontal and vertical – and it is this view of the city that is the least developed aspect of world urbanism. Toynbee makes a number of interesting observations, showing how patterns of urban life developed in antiquity, have been transmitted in time and space, appearing in different areas of the globe, and have been partially transformed under the influence of world processes, especially colonialism and globalization. The author concludes that Toynbee’s observations on the relationship between tradition, modernization, and colonization in the structure of cities, on the specificity of imperial cities, on the peculiarities of creating an urban environment in the space of the modern megacity and Ecumenopolis may have a certain potential for future urban studies.
Heraldic America
Authors: Staroskolskaya Dariya S.
Published: July 2024

The title of the article refers to Edgar de V. Vermont’s first American heraldic treatise for a reason. There are no seminal studies on US heraldry in the Russian language. Accordingly, the general public assumes that it does not exist at all. Thus, the purpose of the article, which presents a broad overview of American heraldic entities, is to prove the opposite. Despite considerable opposition on the part of Republican sceptics, heraldry in America is widely used by both individuals and institutions, public as well as private. Although no official heraldic body has ever been established in the United States, various private non-profit organisations are active in theoretical research and applied heraldic art, and specialised departments have been set up within government structures to meet the nation’s armorial needs. All of them maintain successful and fruitful co-operation with overseas heraldic institutes. The American historiography of heraldry, though meagre compared to that of the Old World, is still highly representative of the national American perspective on the phenomenon of coats of arms. The author touches on the themes of mass perception of heraldry among Americans: its historical reception, how it is used and interpreted by members of different social strata, contemporary trends, and the growing interest in it as part of historical heritage. She concludes that American heraldry is a distinctive and unique cultural phenomenon that deserves to be examined along with other “national” heraldic systems.
Contesting the Kemalist State: The Land Question and the Grass Root Civic Activity in the 1920–1930s Turkey
Authors: Shlykov Pavel V.
Published: July 2024

The author scrutinizes the development of civil society in the early republican Turkey focusing on the models of its interaction with the state in the context of Kemalist revolution, namely the large-scale reforms of the 1920s and 1930s aimed at building the “New Turkey” as a modern secular nation-state. He analyses various manifestations of grass root civic activity in Turkey in the 1920s and 1930s. In doing so, it focuses on the rural population’s reaction to the Kemalist land and taxation reforms. The article contributes to the exiting literature in two following ways. First, it challenges the existing assumption that the rural population of the early Republican Turkey sporadically protested against only the most visible cases of social injustice. It also suggests counterarguments to the thesis that at that time the center and periphery had their own socio-political dynamics isolated one from another. Second, the article introduces to the reader a wide range of Turkish sources (e.g., “public columns” in the main periodicals of that time, petitions published in the yearly books of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, party inspectors’ reports stored in the fund of the Republican People’s Party). An analysis of the data presented in these sources and its comparison against already known historical facts form the article’s methodological framework. The author explains the key social contradictions about the land question. He further on defines the main forms of systemic grass root civic activity and the structural elements of the Kemalists social basis on the periphery. The main findings are that in the 1920–30s the rural Turkey witnessed both legal and illegal forms of resistance. The absence of a full-scale working formal state structure on the periphery made the Kemalist state curbing this resistance by using patron-client networks centered on the figures of “aga”, the wealthy local landlords and merchants.
On the Issue of the Erosion of the Social Stratum of Engineering and Technical Workers During the Years of Socio-Economic Transition (1987–1999)
Authors: Chagadaeva Olga А.
Published: July 2024

The author explores the issue of the erosion of the social stratum of engineers and technicians, which occupied a significant place in the structure of Soviet society, under the influence of the transformation processes of the late 1980s–1990s. Using the materials of in-depth interviews, ego-documents, “digital footprint”, and archival sources, with the use of digital methods (analytical platform PolyAnalyst), the author studies the processes of adaptation of engineering and technical intelligentsia to the realities of the transition economy, traces the change of value attitudes of engineers and technicians. The author identifies three key strategies of post-Soviet engineers’ adaptation to so-called “savage capitalism”: cooperative entrepreneurship, application of professional knowledge and skills in the sphere of private household services, and leaving the profession for private trade. She analyses factors that contributed to the choice of this or that strategy, favored and hindered adaptation in general. She concludes that the loss of socio-professional identity led to the deterioration of social well-being of former soviet ITRs, regardless of their former specialization and acquired material status, and, more broadly, led to the crisis of social and civic identity in post-soviet Russia, the consequences of which are still being felt today.
The Image of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in the Russian Press During the Sanction Pressure on the Country, 1992–1995
Authors: Zhivanovic Milana
Published: July 2024

Many studies have recently focused on the tragic events in the Balkans from 1991 to 1995. The Yugoslav crisis researchers examined various aspects of the crisis, including its causes, stages, and consequences, as well as Russia’s Yugoslav policy at the time. Nevertheless, neither domestic nor foreign authors have provided in-depth coverage of the Yugoslav crisis in the Russian press. The issue of the “image of the other”, particularly in crisis situations, has taken on a wide range of, often asymmetrical, configurations, and it is becoming increasingly relevant for preserving humanity’s long-term development. Examining it can help one gain a better understanding of the media’s role as the most important communicator in interethnic dialogue. In this paper, we will examine articles from four Russian newspapers with opposing political views, namely “Pravda”, “Rossiyskaya Gazeta”, “Nezavisimaya Gazeta”, and “Izvestia” on international sanctions imposed on Yugoslavia at the time, and the country’s situation between 1992 and 1995. We will examine its perspectives on the sanctions, its causes, and consequences. Journalists from four Russian newspapers reported on events in the Balkans in the first half of the 1990s, analyzed the consequences of international sanctions and took into account important factors of the Yugoslav crisis such as the role of the Western countries in the conflict, Slobodan Milošević's political ambitions, and etc. Some journalists have taken an openly pro-Serbian stance, criticizing not only the US and Western European policies towards Belgrade, but also the “inactivity” of the Russian diplomacy, although the majority of them have showed restraint in their assessments of the Balkans situation. They portrayed Yugoslavia as an isolated country by informing their readers about the reasons for imposing sanctions, its nature, and Western policy toward it.
Fuzzy measure on p-adic balls defined on a finite number set
Authors: Bocharnikov V. P. , Sveshnikov S. V.
Published: July 2024

The article explores an approach to constructing a fuzzy measure on p-adic balls that does not require the direct specification of the measure density. The relationships necessary for determining this measure for an arbitrary subset of a bounded numerical set, represented as a set of p-adic balls, are proven. Uniform and non-uniform fuzzy measures are considered. An algorithm for determining the fuzzy measure on p-adic balls is proposed. Examples of calculating this measure are provided.
The use of functional programming library to parallelize on graphics accelerators with CUDA technology
Authors: Krasnov M. M. , Feodoritova O. B.
Published: July 2024

Modern graphics accelerators (GPUs) can signi cantly speed up the execution of numerical tasks. However, porting programs to graphics accelerators is not an easy task, sometimes requiring their almost complete rewriting. CUDA graphics accelerators, thanks to technology developed by NVIDIA, allow you to have a single source code for both conventional processors (CPUs) and CUDA. However, in this single source code, you need to somehow tell the compiler which parts of this code to parallelize on shared memory. The use of the functional programming library developed by the authors allows you to hide the use of one or another parallelization mechanism on shared memory within the library and make the user source code completely independent of the computing device used (CPU or CUDA). This article shows how this can be done.
The problem of moral identity
Authors: Artemyeva Olga V.
Published: July 2024

The concept of personal identity is now the focus of a wide variety of studies. In modern philosophy, the analysis of personal identity is addressed in connection with the consideration of problems in philosophy of consciousness, as well as ontological, epistemological, aesthetic, ethical, etc. problems. When applied to ethics, the concept of personal identity is usually explored in connection with the analysis of moral responsibility, as well as bioethical problems. Contemporary approaches to the concept of identity in the field of morality differ in that they are limited to transferring concepts of identity developed within the framework of various “metaphysical” approaches to the notions of morality (intuitive and non-conceptualized). The difficulties of this approach, which some authors recognize as failures, are due to the lack of ethical contextualization of the concept of personal identity. In order to understand how a personal identity is related to certain moral concerns and problems, it is necessary to fit the Self (like all these concerns and problems) into the concept of morality and discuss rather the very concept of moral identity as a concept set by ethics, than the various concepts of personal identity developed in an nonethical context, in their relation to ethics. Analysis of ethical and philosophical approaches to understanding the issues relevant to the concept of moral identity in moral philosophy showed that this problem should be considered on the basis of moral philosophy, in the language of moral philosophy and taking into account the real diverse moral experience.
The phenomenon of human trust: an interdisciplinary review
Authors: Rostovtseva Victoria V.
Published: July 2024

The article presents an interdisciplinary review of research on the phenomenon of human interpersonal trust. Trust is a multifaceted manifestation of human psychology and behavior, and its understanding is difficult to fit into any single scientific paradigm. The paper highlights various aspects of human trust, as well as different approaches to the investigation of this phenomenon. The author considers the socio-cultural, psychological, ethological and biological factors that influence predispositions to trust others. A special place in the article is given to trust toward strangers and the mechanisms responsible for its functioning. The article also presents trust from an evolutionary perspective as a fundamental component of human cooperative behavior.