bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Changes in Blood Flow Velocity in the Internal Jugular Vein Under Conditions of Variable Intrapulmonic Pressure and Gravitational Effect
Authors:   Head of Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Izhevsk State Medical Academy, 426056 Izhevsk, Udmurt Republic, Russia, Kasatkin Anton , Urakov Aleksandr ,   Professor, Head of Department of General and Clinical Pharmacology, Izhevsk State Medical Academy, 426034 Izhevsk, Udmurt Republic, Russia, Kuvshinov Ivan ,   Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Izhevsk State Medical Academy, 426056 Izhevsk, Udmurt Republic, Russia, Zhulkov Nikita ,   Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Izhevsk State Medical Academy, 426056 Izhevsk, Udmurt Republic, Russia
Published: December 2024

Background: We explored the dynamics of changes in the blood flow velocity in the internal jugular vein (IJV) under
conditions of changing intrapulmonary pressure and gravitational influence in healthy volunteers.
Methods: Color duplex ultrasonography of the right IJV was performed in 25 healthy volunteers of both genders. The
dopplergram of the blood flow spectrum was recorded in the right IJV in the horizontal supine position of the participants, and 3 minutes after the volunteers had attained the new position due to the lifting the bed back section at the
30°. We recorded the maximum (Max) and minimum (Min) linear of blood flow velocity (cm/s). In each position, the
measurements were carried out sequentially at positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) values of 0, 5, 10 cmH2O after
3 minutes by process of changing the level of PEEP. Quantitative data were presented as arithmetic mean (M), standard
deviation (SD) and compared using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.
Results: Our data demonstrated that negatively related influence of continuous positive airway pressure on IJV blood
flow velocity: Max/Min 57.40±13.10/20.68±7.80 cm/s (PEEP 0 cmH2O), 39.00±18.80/14.63±4.90 (PEEP 5 cmH2O),
30.83±7.30/13.25±2.90 (PEEP 10 cmH2O). The blood flow velocity values are increased after 30° head elevation in
PEEP 5 and 10 cmH2O in comparison to 0° values.
Conclusions: The constant positive airway pressure 5-10 cmH2O in a person in supine position decreasing blood flow
velocity in IJV. The 30° head elevation eliminates this effect.
Evaluating Climate Change Impacts to Qatar’s Marine Life: A Risk Assessment for SDG 14 (Life Below Water)
Authors:   Environmental Science Program. Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Qatar, Sawh Sandy K , Gilani Isra E , Siddique Afrah , Khatir Zenaba , Daly Yahia Mohamed Nejib , Ben- Hamadou Radhouane ,   Environmental Science Program. Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Qatar, Range Pedro , Khatir Zenaba ,   Environmental Science Center (ESC), Qatar University, Qatar
Published: December 2024

Marine life is integral to Qatar and the broader Arab region, serving as a cornerstone for biodiversity, economic activity, and
cultural heritage. Despite the ambitious targets set by Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14, climate change is placing
mounting pressure on conservation efforts. Recognizing that climate change cannot be entirely stopped, the focus should be
on mitigating its effects through sustainable strategies. This study identifies twelve climate-related risks that impede Qatar's
progress towards achieving SDG 14 - Life Below Water.
To understand the region-specific climate risks, this study engaged in a focus group discussion with representatives from the
government, NGOs, private sector, and academia. The Climate Change Risk Assessment (CCRA) identified the most severe
risks as flooding associated with rising sea levels, modified species biogeography, and compromised coral reef health. While
other risks were rated low, such as risks to seagrass meadows driven by increasing sea temperatures. Other significant findings
include the need for increased awareness of climate change impacts on both the local and global administrative platforms.
This risk assessment provides insights into the vulnerable facets of Qatar's marine environment, intending to guide forthcoming
strategies for achieving SDG-14.
Exploring 'Otherness' Through Perlocutionary Speech Acts: A Posthumanist Case Study of Brave New World and Never Let Me Go
Authors: Tabără Larisa-Ilaria
Published: December 2024

Looking back on the afterlives of the doppelgänger motif in 20th/ 21st century novels, the present paper assesses language in the context of dystopian, posthumanist diegetic worlds. Scholarship on posthumanist literature asserts that the post/ transhumanist ideal of a superior human being is achieved within fiction through technological and scientific progress. However, the analysis at hand proposes that language, especially perlocutionary speech acts (Austen 1926; i.e., utterances that produce an effect), underpin this posthumanist goal in literary works. Consequently, a case study is conducted on two novels, Brave New World (Aldous Huxley, 1932) and Never Let Me Go (Kazuo Ishiguro, 2005), both of which tackle themes of cloning, placed in posthumanist contexts. They are a case in point of literary appropriation: in the two literary works, perlocutionary speech acts not only prove to carry out the posthumanist goal of enhancing human beings but also enact social exclusion in the diegetic worlds. Most significantly, operating with ‘the Other’ theory, a closer look is taken at complex literary portrayals of identity, where both humans and clones can be ‘the Other.’
Strange Sexual Encounters: Homonormativity as a Micropolitical Practice in Queer Sex
Authors: Bertoni Michele
Published: December 2024

The concept of homonormativity has been widely successful in queer theory ever since its academic popularization by Lisa Duggan. When Duggan brought up what she named ‘the new homonormativity’, she was addressing a macropolitical reconfiguration of gay and lesbian movements and their alignment with the neoliberal asset. Homonormativity, however, is also to be tracked down in biopolitics, a form of disciplinary power that acts through regulation and includes micropolitical practices. The research question of this article originates from this latter dimension of the concept: how does homonormativity as a biopolitical disciplinary tool act on the bodies? Are sexual encounters, in Sara Ahmed’s terms, always ‘strange encounters’? The article analyzes how the notion of love as an uncontaminated dimension – springing from the heterosexual script of the couple – and the privatization of sexual encounters in hook-up culture both take part in the discursive regulation of queer sexual practices, with influence on the bodies, their actions, and their presence or absence. Homonormative narrations ultimately cast sexual partners as fundamentally Other and reinforce the neoliberal atomization and isolation of the Self. The privatization of sexual life thus not only erases the political aspect of queerness, but it also conceals embodied dynamics of power taking place within the sphere of the private.
Understanding Narcissism in the Workplace: The Dual Impact of Self-Efficacy and Political Skill on Attitudes and Performance
Authors: Davis Maggie M. , Howard Matt C.
Published: December 2024

This study examines cognitive and behavioral mechanisms that explain why narcissism leads to positive and negative workplace outcomes. By sampling 296 working adults in the United States at three time points, we tested the model using partial least squares structural equation modeling. Drawing from social cognitive theory, we explore how grandiose and vulnerable narcissism influence workplace attitudes and behaviors, including organizational commitment, citizenship behavior, and workplace deviance. Our findings reveal that these differences are mediated through the serial mechanisms of self-efficacy and political skill. By highlighting the role of self-concept and social effectiveness skills in shaping narcissistic employees’ workplace behaviors, this study contributes to a deeper theoretical understanding of the factors motivating their engagement in positive workplace contributions versus unethical workplace behaviors.
Fungos macroscópicos da Fazenda Salgada, Caraíbas, Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Sousa Aline da Silva , Caires Claudenir Simões
Published: December 2024

Os estudos sobre fungos no sudoeste da Bahia ainda são poucos e para Caraíbas são inexistentes. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho objetivou catalogar as espécies de fungos macroscópicos da Fazenda Salgada, Caraíbas, Bahia, Brasil. Foram realizadas 13 expedições de coleta nos meses de outubro a dezembro de 2021, seguindo a metodologia usual para coleta de macrofungos, totalizando 70 espécimes que foram depositados no herbário HVC. Obteve-se 29 identificações em nível de espécie, 23 em nível de gênero e 18 em nível de família. Os táxons encontrados foram: Agaricus sp. 1, Agaricus sp. 2, Auricularia mesenterica, A. polytricha, Coriolopsis floccosa, Cymatoderma caperatum, Dacryopinax spathularia, Ganoderma sp. 1, Ganoderma sp. 2, Gymnopilus pampeanus, G. purpureosquamulosus, Hexagonia hydnoides, Hymenoscyphus sp., Itajahya rosea, Lentinus crinitus, Leucocoprinus aff. birnbaumii, Macrolepiota aff. bonaerensis, Marasmiellus sp., Marasmius sp. 1, Marasmius sp. 2, Mycena sp., Panaeolus sp., Panellus sp., Parasola sp., Phellinus sp., Pleurotus sp., Polyporus guianensis, P. tricholoma, Pycnoporus sanguineus, Ramariopsis kunzei, Schizophyllum commune, Trametes villosa e Xylaria sp. Destes, G. pampeanus e M. bonaerensis são novos registros para o Nordeste do Brasil; G. purpureosquamulosus e R. kunzei são novas ocorrências para a Bahia. Todos os táxons são dados inéditos para o município de Caraíbas. Os resultados demonstraram que a região sudoeste do estado possui uma funga diversa e os dados aqui apresentados enriquecerão o conhecimento sobre os fungos do Nordeste brasileiro.
Association between waist-to-hip ratio and risk of myocardial infarction: a systematic evaluation and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiaojuan , Yang Liu , Xiao Cong , Li Jiacong , Hu Tao , Li Linfeng
Published: December 2024

Background

Myocardial infarction(MI) is one of the most serious health threats. Despite the increasing number of clinical methods used to predict the onset of MI, the prediction of MI is still unsatisfactory and necessitates new methods.

Objective

To systematically review observational studies from the past two decades on the association between waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and MI risk.

Methods

Original literature on the correlation between WHR and MI was searched in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, CNKI, and Wanfang up to January 31, 2024. Two researchers independently screened, extracted data, and assessed quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and Revman5.3. Meta-analysis with Stata 16.0 calculated the combined Odd ratio (OR) for WHR and MI risk. Heterogeneity was assessed with the I2 statistic to select the appropriate effects model. Subgroup analysis, meta-regression, sensitivity analysis, and funnel plots tested for heterogeneity and publication bias.

Results

A total of 22 observational studies were included, involving 709,093 participants. The meta-analysis showed that an elevated WHR was significantly associated with an increased risk of MI, with a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 1.98 [95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.75–2.24] and high heterogeneity (I2 = 91.5%, P < 0.0001). Subgroup analysis revealed a stronger association between WHR and MI in women (OR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.43–2.77) compared to men (OR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.36–2.22). Regional analysis indicated that the association between WHR and MI risk was highest in Asian populations (OR: 2.93 95% CI: 1.61–5.33), followed by American (OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.45–2.08) and European populations (OR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.49–3.22). Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the results remained stable after excluding one study.

Conclusion

In the general adult population, a higher WHR is a potentially significant association for MI and has predictive value for MI.
College student engagement and success through inclusive learning environment and experiential learning in courses about Israel and Palestine
Authors: Zeedan Rami
Published: December 2024

Introduction

This study examines the impact of pedagogical redesign on two courses about Israel and Palestine, focusing on fostering an inclusive learning environment. The project aimed to address challenges such as student retention, attendance, participation, and academic performance by implementing innovative teaching strategies tailored to diverse student backgrounds.

Methods

The redesign incorporated several key interventions: an experiential learning-based final assignment, scaffolded into multiple steps with opportunities for feedback; group discussions to promote active learning and cooperation; and the integration of optional multimedia resources, such as YouTube videos and podcasts, to enhance engagement and time on task. Additionally, students were involved in the evaluation process by providing feedback and were offered the opportunity to publish their final projects on a public website, further incentivizing their work. To examine the effectiveness of these changes, the study employed a mixed-methods approach. This approach involved the collection and analysis of both quantitative data (such as surveys and performance metrics) and qualitative data (such as student feedback and one-way ANOVA analysis) across six undergraduate course offerings between 2019 and 2024.

Results

The interventions were tested with students from varied backgrounds engaging in complex discussions. The initial findings revealed significant improvements in critical metrics, including reduced drop/fail/withdraw rates, increased time on task, and higher grades. Students demonstrated enhanced engagement and a more positive overall learning experience, indicating the potential for further positive outcomes.

Discussion

The preliminary results suggest that the implemented pedagogical changes effectively created a more inclusive and engaging learning environment. By integrating experiential learning, providing timely feedback, and utilizing diverse resources, the project demonstrated the potential for scalable improvements in student outcomes.
Primary ovarian insufficiency consequence of autoimmune diseases: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Du Yongming , Hu Yichao , Sheng Yuehua , Zhu Tianhong , Liu Shenping , Ding Huiqing , Guan Yutao
Published: December 2024

Background

Observational studies suggest the risk of primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is increased in autoimmune disorders (AIDs), but it is unclear whether there is a causal relationship. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the bidirectional causality between 20 AIDs and POI using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Methods

A bidirectional two-sample MR investigation was designed by using publicly accessible summary-level data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was performed as the main analysis, supplemented by several sensitivity analyses. Cochran Q test was used to evaluate SNP estimate heterogeneity. MR-Egger and MR-PRESSO methods were utilized to detect horizontal pleiotropy.

Results

The MR analyses revealed that genetically determined coeliac disease (CeD) (OR = 1.124, 95% CI 1.033-1.224, P = 0.007), vitiligo (OR = 1.092, 95% CI 1.003-1.188; P = 0.042), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (OR = 1.122, 95% CI 1.030-1.223, P = 0.008), and selective immunoglobulin A deficiency (SIgAD) (OR = 0.866, 95% CI: 0.776-0.967, P = 0.011) exhibited significant causal relationships with POI. We also found suggestive evidence of positive effect of Addison’s disease (AD) towards POI (OR5e-6 = 1.076, 95% CI 1.002-1.154, P = 0.043).

Conclusion

This comprehensive MR analysis indicated that SLE, CeD, vitiligo, and AD caused an increased risk of POI, SIgAD was associated with a decreased risk of POI. These insights carry profound clinical implications, particularly emphasizing the early intervention for women with AIDs/POI who wish to preserve their reproductive potential or plan for future pregnancies.
BRAFV600E/pTERT double mutated papillary thyroid cancers exhibit immune gene suppression
Authors: Sigarteu Chindris Ana-Maria , Rivera Michael , Ma Yaohua , Nair Asha , Liu Yi , Wang Xue , Necela Brian M. , Kachergus Jennifer M. , Casler John D. , Brett Christopher , Rivas Mejia Ana M. , Bernet Victor J. , Copland John A. , Knutson Keith L. , Thompson E. Aubrey , Smallridge Robert C.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

BRAFV600E mutation (BRAFmut) is common in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), and most patients have an excellent outcome. However, a TERT-promoter mutation (pTERTmut) in the presence of BRAFmut (BRAFmutpTERTmut) has been demonstrated to confer a more aggressive behavior to PTC. Lymphocytic infiltration is often present in PTC. In this study, we sought to decipher the relationship between the BRAF and pTERT mutations and immune gene dysregulation in tumor samples from a cohort of 147 samples of PTC.

Methods

The abundance of 770 immune gene transcripts was determined by multiprex capture/detection and digital counting of mRNA transcripts using the NanoString nCounter® PanCancer Immune Profiling Panel.

Results

We identified 40 immune transcripts differentially expressed in BRAFmutpTERTmutvs BRAFmutpTERT wildtype (pTERTwt) (P<0.05). Transcripts induced by BRAFmut alone were significantly repressed in BRAFmutpTERTmut samples, such as genes expressed by lymphoid cells, antigen-presenting cells, and cytotoxic cells, including chemokines, cytokines, checkpoint control proteins, interferon downstream markers, TNF superfamily proteins and BMP markers. A validation analysis using 444 samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) PTC dataset yielded similar results. Deconvolution analysis confirmed differences in the immune cell populations such as increased presence of M2 macrophages in the BRAFmutpTERTmut Mayo cohort and a lower abundance of M1 macrophages in the BRAFmutpTERTmut TCGA cohort compared to BRAFmutpTERTwt. Most of the immune gene pathways were enriched in the BRAFmutpTERTwt tumors in both Mayo and TCGA cohorts but not in BRAFmutpTERTmut. BRAFmutpTERTwt had higher stromal lymphocytes infiltration as compared to BRAFwtpTERTwt tumors, corroborating the transcriptomic findings.

Discussion

To our knowledge this is the first report of a potential link between TERT and the immune microenvironment, offering an explanation for the aggressive nature of BRAFmutpTERTmut PTC.
Explore the operational performance of phase change radiation terminal heating system in different heating zones of China
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Yu Xiaoqiang , Li Jie , Wang Lu , Jin Bo , Niu Getu , Yang Zhengliang , Li Chenxia
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Heating is one of the main factors leading to high energy consumption and serious carbon emissions in buildings. The clean heating system formed by the coupling of phase change building maintenance structure and solar heating system can improve the thermal storage density of the building maintenance structure, while reducing energy consumption in winter while maintaining a comfortable room temperature through stable energy security.

Methods

Therefore, a phase change radiation terminal heating (PCRTH) system with the phase change radiation module as the terminal and the solar energy and air energy as the clean heat source is established in this study. Nanjing, Tianjin and Shenyang in China were selected as the study zones which correspond to the hot summer and cold winter zone, the cold zone and the severe cold zone respectively. The operational effect of the PCRTH system in different climate zones was studied, and the parameters of the PCRTH system were optimized by the GenOpt program combined with Hooke-Jeeves optimization algorithm.

Results

The analysis results show that the cascade phase change radiation terminals in the three zones reduced room temperature fluctuation, energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions, but the heating cost was higher. After the Hooke-Jeeves optimization algorithm was used to optimize the PCRTH system parameters in three zones, the PCRTH system heating cost was reduced, and the PCRTH system energy consumption and PCRTH system carbon dioxide emissions were further reduced.

Discussion

Therefore, the building heating system composed of PCM maintenance structure and renewable energy has great application advantages in maintaining a comfortable room temperature and improving heating system energy conservation and environmental protection.
Construction of a composite cooling network for the mitigation of urban heat risk in Fuzhou
Authors: Xu Haozhe , Yang Jianfeng , Lin Yan , Xu Nuo , Li Mingzhe , Xu Yan , Liu Xingzhao , Li Fangying
Published: December 2024

Climate change has intensified urban heat risks through extreme heat and heat island effects. Using Fuzhou as a case study, we conducted assessments of heat risk and cool island quality to identify core heat risk sources (CHRSs) and core cold sources (CCSs). Based on the degree of resistance to surface heat transfer, we constructed a comprehensive resistance surface. This was followed by the construction of a composite cooling network using the minimal cumulative resistance and circuit theory models, along with the identification of key nodes to enhance the protection of cool island resources and ensure network stability. Our findings revealed that the central urban area had the highest heat risk, followed by the eastern coastal areas, showing a trend of further expansion towards the southeastern coast. Relatively high-quality cool island resources were distributed in the western mountainous area. We identified 21 CHRSs and 32 CCSs. The composite cooling network included 94 heat transport corridors and 96 cool island synergy corridors, with 148 cooling nodes and 78 barrier nodes. The average land surface temperature of transport and synergy corridors was 27.89°C and 25.34°C, respectively, significantly lower than the high-risk areas (31.14°C). Transport corridors enable heat transfer from CHRSs to CCSs, while synergy corridors can achieve further cooling by enhancing the synergy among cool islands.
Development of a fully integrated hydrological fate and transport model for plant protection products: incorporating groundwater, tile drainage, and runoff
Authors: Callaghan Michael V. , Frey Steven K. , Miller Killian , Hwang Hyoun-Tae , Zolfaghari Reza , Hammel Klaus , Berg Steven J. , Sudicky Edward A.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Plant protection products (PPPs) such as pesticides and herbicides are experiencing increased use worldwide. In the context of PPP authorization and registration, water exposure assessments (drinking water and aquatic exposure) use numerical modeling to simulate relevant hydrological processes and exposure pathways. A common practice for estimating PPP leaching to groundwater, PPP loading onto surface water via tile drainage, or PPP transport via runoff utilizes multiple one-dimensional models, each representing a separate exposure pathway. Separate analysis of individual exposure pathways can result in disparate assumptions being made that represent relative worst-case scenarios for each pathway, rather than an integrated reasonable worst-case scenario for all pathways.

Methods

The interplay between PPP degradation, leaching to groundwater, transport in tile drainage, and runoff is well-suited for simulation using an integrated surface–subsurface hydrologic and chemical fate and transport model. This study presents functionality added to HydroGeoSphere (HGS), a three-dimensional, fully integrated, surface–subsurface hydrologic model. HGS was verified against other recognized models: PRZM, HYDRUS, PEARL, PELMO, and MACRO. Added features include automatic irrigation, non-linear adsorption, temperature and soil water content-dependent degradation, and solute uptake by plant roots.

Results and Discussion

HGS results for leaching of PPP mass to groundwater showed the highest correlation, lowest error, and lowest bias relative to PEARL model results. Simulation of macropore flow to tile drains in HGS produced an intermittent tile drain flow in summer that resulted in generally lower peak effluent concentrations compared to the MACRO model. Simulation of runoff in HGS produced a higher total runoff compared to the PRZM model, attributed to lower evapotranspiration in HGS. Use of the integrated HGS model resulted in a greater agreement in water balance components relative to using multiple models to simulate individual hydrologic pathways.
The role of typical low vertical lattice sand barriers in regulating the airflow field on wind-eroded surfaces of photovoltaic power plants
Authors: Meng Ruibing , Meng Zhongju , Cai Jiale , Li Haonian , Ren Yu , Guo Lijun
Published: December 2024

Deserts are ideal places to build photovoltaic (PV) power plants, but this plants often face challenges from strong wind and sand activities during the operation and maintenance period, exploring the effects of PV power plant construction on wind disturbances and the control of wind and sand activities by different sand fixation measures is necessary. This study investigated the wind speed outside the PV plant, inside the plant without sand barriers measures (CK), and under three different sand-protecting barriers (gauze sand barriers (GZ), polylactic acid sand barriers (PLA), and grass grid sand barriers (GG)) inside the plant. Though calculated the surface roughness, friction velocity, wind protection effectiveness, and wind turbulence to determined the effectiveness of the barriers by these indexes comprehensively. The results show that: (1) The construction of desert PV power plant can effectively reduce the wind speed. Compared with CK, all three mechanical sand barriers within the plant reduced wind speed. Especially when the height less than 50cm, the GZ sand barriers reduced the wind speeds the most, with an average reduction rate of 101.5%. (2) All three sand barriers increased soil roughness and friction velocity within the power station. (3) At heights below 50cm, the GZ and GG sand barriers have better wind protection effectiveness than PLA sand barriers, while at hights above 100cm, the wind protection effect of PLA and GG sand barriers became less significant or even negligible (4) The wind disturbance caused by the three sand fixation measures increased with wind speed, the comprehensive performance of GZ and PLA sand barriers was superior than that of GG sand barriers and CK.
Innovative strategies to optimise colorectal cancer immunotherapy through molecular mechanism insights
Authors: Lin Quanjun , Wang Zhiqiang , Wang Jue , Xu Ming , Zhang Xinyi , Sun Peng , Yuan Yihang
Published: December 2024

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. The heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment significantly influences patient prognosis, while the diversity of tumor cells shapes its unique characteristics. A comprehensive analysis of the molecular profile of tumor cells is crucial for identifying novel molecular targets for drug sensitivity analysis and for uncovering the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying CRC.

Methods

We utilized single-cell RNA sequencing technology to analyze 13 tissue samples from 4 CRC patients, identifying key cell types within the tumor microenvironment. Intercellular communication was assessed using CellChat, and a risk score model was developed based on eight prognostic genes to enhance patient stratification for immunotherapeutic approaches. Additionally, in vitro experiments were performed on DLX2, a gene strongly associated with poor prognosis, to validate its potential role as a therapeutic target in CRC progression.

Results

Eight major cell types were identified across the tissue samples. Within the tumor cell population, seven distinct subtypes were recognized, with the C0 FXYD5+ tumor cells subtype being significantly linked to cancer progression and poor prognosis. CellChat analysis indicated extensive communication among tumor cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells, underscoring the complexity of the tumor microenvironment. The risk score model demonstrated high accuracy in predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates in CRC patients. Enrichment analysis revealed that the C0 FXYD5+ tumor cell subtype exhibited increased energy metabolism, protein synthesis, and oxidative phosphorylation, contributing to its aggressive behavior. In vitro experiments confirmed DLX2 as a critical gene associated with poor prognosis, suggesting its viability as a target for improving drug sensitivity.

Conclusion

In summary, this study advances our understanding of CRC progression by identifying critical tumor subtypes, molecular pathways, and prognostic markers that can inform innovative strategies for predicting and enhancing drug sensitivity. These findings hold promise for optimizing immunotherapeutic approaches and developing new targeted therapies, ultimately aiming to improve patient outcomes in CRC.
Exchange flow in a highly stratified fjord in drought conditions
Authors: Pinilla Elias , Ross Lauren , Pérez-Santos Iván
Published: December 2024

Fjords are known for their biodiversity and abundant aquaculture resources. However, climate and anthropogenic pressures are altering fjord biological, physical, and chemical processes that will undoubtedly change the ecosystem as a whole. To investigate the impact of climate change on fjord functioning, this study examines the impacts of drought conditions on the physical dynamics and salinity variations in a fjord known for its bolstering aquaculture industry in Northern Chilean Patagonia, the Reloncaví Fjord (41.5° S). Using a high-resolution hydrodynamic model and the Total Exchange Flow (TEF) framework, we analyzed the impacts of river discharge, tides, and wind during a dry year (2016) and a typical year (2018). In 2016, reduced freshwater input decreased exchange flow and increased salinity compared to 2018. In 2018, river discharge dominated TEF variability (74%), while tides and wind contributed 17% and 9%, respectively. In summer 2016, tidal and wind influences rose to 21% and 16%, highlighting their role under low freshwater conditions. Increased wind facilitated destratification, mixing high-salinity subsurface waters with fresh surface layers, affecting ecosystem dynamics. From these results we developed a method to predict long-term stratification variability (1980–2021), identifying critical ecological shifts. Logistic regression models showed significant links between stratification levels and harmful algal blooms (HABs) of Pseudchatonella spp. and Alexandrium catenella. Lower stratification was linked to higher Pseudchatonella spp. HABs in summer, while higher stratification correlated with Alexandrium catenella blooms in spring, tied to increased river discharge. These results suggest that severe HAB events in Northern Patagonia may become more frequent with climate change, underscoring the need to consider local environmental dynamics and stratification in HAB studies.
Outcomes of retroperitoneal fibrosis-related hydronephrosis and its risk factors for poor prognosis: a multi-center retrospective cohort study in Chinese patients
Authors: Liu Hongyan , Gao Hui , Zhao Jin-xia , Wong Ut-kei , Liu Shi-bo , Liu Jian , Zhang Ge , Wang Kuan-ting , Wang Yan , Zhao Lin , Ma Xiang-bo , Lu Yue-wu , Zhang Xue-wu
Published: December 2024

Objective

Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a rare disease characterized by the presence of fibroinflammatory tissue that surrounds the abdominal aorta and the iliac arteries and often entraps the ureters. Hydronephrosis is a common complication of RPF, however, its clinical features and outcomes have not been well elucidated.

Methods

A total of 115 RPF-related hydronephrosis patients have been recruited from 9 clinical centers in China since March 2010. They were followed up until death or September 2021, whichever came first.

Results

The mean age at diagnosis was 58.83 ± 12.13 years, and 80 patients (69.57%) were men. The median disease duration was 3.00 (1.00, 9.00) months. Renal impairment was observed in 88.35% of the patients, and 49.57% showed bilateral ureteral involvement. Elevated ESR and CRP were presented in 80.28 and 62.02% of the patients, respectively. Overall, 28.21% (11/39) of the patients had increased IgG4 levels, and 41.38% (12/29) showed positive pathological IgG4 staining (IgG4+/IgG+ ≥ 40% or IgG4+ ≥ 10/HPF). Among them, three patients were diagnosed as IgG4RD. After 60.43 ± 34.53 months of follow-up, 36 patients had poor prognosis, which was associated with severe kidney impairment, bilateral hydronephrosis and inflammation status (elevated ESR and IgG) at diagnosis by case–control study. eGFR and creatinine were independent risk factors after adjusting for all other significant associations (p = 0.002 and p = 0.067, respectively). Glucocorticoid-based therapy could reduce the time of stenting, decrease the need for long-term ureteral stenting/percutaneous nephrostomy (PNS)/ureterolysis, increase the rate of mass shrinkage, and reduce the new requirement of hemodialysis compared to surgery-only strategy for RPF-related hydronephrosis patients in need of renal drainage, but did not reduce new-onset renal atrophy.

Conclusion

Severity of kidney dysfunction and inflammation status were related to the poor prognosis of hydronephrosis induced by RPF. More efficient interventions and strategies are needed to further improve outcomes.
Systematic inflammatory indicators and clinical management of exogenous endophthalmitis due to metal penetrating injury of eyeball
Authors: Wu Donghai , Lin Yuan , Wu Huping , Cai Jinhong
Published: December 2024

Objective

To evaluate systemic inflammatory markers in cases of exogenous endophthalmitis caused by metal foreign bodies after penetrating eye injury and identify risk factors for poor control post-initial emergency surgery.

Methods

Twenty-nine patients with exogenous endophthalmitis underwent emergency surgery with vitrectomy at Xiamen Eye Center (2016–2024). Evaluations included systemic inflammatory markers, microbiology, clinical presentation, treatment strategies, complications, prognostic factors, and visual outcomes. Correlation analysis was performed between blood test results and disease control after initial surgery.

Results

The median patient age was 44.8 ± 16.9 years, with an average treatment delay of 6.1 ± 10.6 days. Males represented 86.2% (n = 25), and 41.3% (n = 12) had metallic intraocular foreign bodies, which correlated with faster symptom onset (p < 0.05) and higher inflammatory markers (WBC, neutrophils, basophils, CRP; p < 0.05). Primary lens extraction and intraoperative vancomycin did not significantly improve control (p > 0.05). Poor control post-vitrectomy was positively correlated with intraocular foreign bodies (R = 0.39, p < 0.05) and negatively with lymphocyte and monocyte counts (R = −0.43, p < 0.05; R = −0.46, p < 0.05). Early intervention within 2 h of symptom exacerbation reduced complication risk (AUC = 0.708, 95% CI: 0.547–0.838, p = 0.047).

Conclusion

Metallic intraocular foreign bodies provoke stronger systemic inflammatory responses, posing control challenges, especially in patients with lower immune resilience. Timely vitrectomy during initial emergency surgery is crucial for managing endophthalmitis.
Scent dogs identify SARS-CoV-2-infections in respiratory samples from experimentally infected ferrets and hamsters—a pilot study
Authors: Schulz Claudia , Twele Friederike , Meller Sebastian , ten Hagen Nele A. , Pilchová Veronika , Wirz Katrin , Clever Sabrina , Meyer zu Natrup Christian , Volz Asisa , von Köckritz-Blickwede Maren , Volk Holger A.
Published: December 2024

Rapid and sensitive diagnostic measures are a pre-requisite for the control of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks. Dogs detect SARS-CoV-2-infected human individuals with high speed due to their extraordinary olfactory acuity. In the post-pandemic phase of SARS-CoV-2 it is difficult to obtain samples from infected humans for scent dog training. Established animal models for COVID-19 include hamsters and ferrets, which could overcome this shortcoming and have the advantage that samples are generated under controlled conditions. Respiratory samples from humans, hamsters and ferrets infected with SARS-CoV-2 and from ferrets infected with an H7-Influenza A virus were inactivated with β-propiolactone and presented via a device called “Detection Dog Training System” (DDTS). DDTS allows a fast, blinded, randomized, and automated sample presentation without trainer interference. Scent dogs generally showed a similar diagnostic sensitivity (DSe) and specificity (Dsp) for four tested scenarios (S1-4) and as reported previously for respiratory samples from humans. (S1) Human with COVID-19: DSe 88.1 [74.0–100.0% CI95%] and DSp 89.6 [80.6–98.5% CI95%]. (S2) Hamster with COVID-19: DSe 82.4 [74.1–90.7% CI95%] and DSp 96.7 [93.7–99.7% CI95%]. (S3) Ferret with COVID-19: DSe 86.2 [69.8–100.0% CI95%] and DSp 95.1 [89.5–100.0% CI95%]. (S4) Ferrets infected with an H7 Influenza A-virus (IAV) as a distractor: DSe 96.9 [57.2–100.0% CI95%] and DSp 89.86 [40.3–100.0% CI95%]. We provide evidence that scent dogs detect samples from SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters and ferrets with a similar accuracy as reported for humans. The study highlights that volatile organic compound odor patterns are similar in humans, hamsters, and ferrets after SARS-CoV-2 infection, but distinct after IAV-infection.
Cardiometabolic Index is associated with heart failure: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES
Authors: Zhu Xiao-Ming , Xu Yan , Zhang Jie
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Heart failure is a complex syndrome characterized by impaired cardiac function. Despite improvements in treatment, the prevalence of heart failure continues to rise. The Cardiometabolic Index (CMI), a novel measure combining abdominal obesity and lipid levels, has emerged as a potential predictor of cardiac metabolic risk.

Methods

We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) involving 22,586 participants to investigate the association between CMI and heart failure. Multivariable logistic regression models and RCS analysis were used to explore the association between heart failure and CMI after adjusting for potential confounders. Subgroup analyses were performed among populations with different demographic and clinical characteristics.

Results

Our results revealed a significant positive correlation between CMI and heart failure, with odds ratios of 2.77 and 1.87 for the highest quartile after adjusting for confounders. Subgroup analyses indicated heightened risks among older adults and those with hypertension or diabetes. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that CMI offers good diagnostic value for heart failure, surpassing traditional measures like BMI.

Discussion

Our findings suggest that CMI is a valuable tool for assessing the risk of heart failure, particularly in individuals with increased abdominal obesity or abnormal lipid profiles. This highlights the importance of addressing cardiac metabolic health in both prevention and treatment strategies for heart failure. Future research should focus on exploring causal relationships and refining predictive models that incorporate CMI to enhance early detection and intervention.
Deformable multi-level feature network applied to nucleus segmentation
Authors: Chang Shulei , Yang Tingting , Yin Bowen , Zhang Jiayi , Ma Liang , Ding Yanhui , Sui Xiaodan
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The nucleus plays a crucial role in medical diagnosis, and accurate nucleus segmentation is essential for disease assessment. However, existing methods have limitations in handling the diversity of nuclei and differences in staining conditions, restricting their practical application.

Methods

A novel deformable multi-level feature network (DMFNet) is proposed for nucleus segmentation. This network is based on convolutional neural network and divides feature processing and mask generation into two levels. At the feature level, deformable convolution is used to enhance feature extraction ability, and multi-scale features are integrated through a balanced feature pyramid. At the mask level, a one-stage framework is adopted to directly perform instance segmentation based on location.

Results

Experimental results on the MoNuSeg 2018 dataset show that the mean average precision (mAP) and mean average recall (mAR) of DMFNet reach 37.8% and 47.4% respectively, outperforming many current advanced methods. Ablation experiments verified the effectiveness of each module of the network.

Discussion

DMFNet provides an effective solution for nucleus segmentation and has important application value in medical image analysis.
Predicting sarcopenia risk in stroke patients: a comprehensive nomogram incorporating demographic, anthropometric, and biochemical indicators
Authors: Pu Yufan , Wang Ying , Wang Huihuang , Liu Hong , Dou Xingxing , Xu Jiang , Li Xuejing
Published: December 2024

Objective

Although there is a strong correlation between stroke and sarcopenia, there has been a lack of research into the potential risks associated with post-stroke sarcopenia. Predictors of sarcopenia are yet to be identified. We aimed at developing a nomogram able to predict sarcopenia in patients with stroke.

Methods

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycle year of 2011 to 2018 was divided into two groups of 209 participants—one receiving training and the other validation—in a random manner. The Lasso regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors of sarcopenia, and a nomogram model was created to forecast sarcopenia in the stroke population. The model was assessed based on its discrimination area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration curves, and clinical utility decision curve analysis curves.

Results

In this study, we identified several predictive factors for sarcopenia: Gender, Body Mass Index (kg/m2), Standing Height (cm), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) (IU/L), Total Calcium (mg/dL), Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK) (IU/L), Hemoglobin (g/dL), and Waist Circumference (cm). Notably, female patients with stroke exhibited a higher risk of sarcopenia. The variables positively associated with increasing risk included Alkaline Phosphatase, Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Hemoglobin, while those negatively associated with risk included Height, Total Calcium, and Creatine Phosphokinase. The nomogram model demonstrated remarkable accuracy in distinguishing between training and validation sets, with areas under the curve of 0.97 and 0.90, respectively. The calibration curve showcased outstanding calibration, and the analysis of the decision curve revealed a broad spectrum of beneficial clinical outcomes.

Conclusion

This study creates a new nomogram which can be used to predict pre-sarcopenia in stroke. The new screening device is accurate, precise, and cost-effective, enabling medical personnel to identify patients at an early stage and take action to prevent and treat illnesses.
Open label pilot of personalized, neuroimaging-guided theta burst stimulation in early-stage Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Kashyap Bhavani , Hanson Leah R. , Gustafson Sally K. , Barclay Terry , Howe Clarissa M. , Sherman Samantha J. , Hungs Marcel , Rosenbloom Michael H.
Published: December 2024

Background

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by cerebral amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles and disruption of large-scale brain networks (LSBNs). Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has emerged as a potential non-invasive AD treatment that may serve as an adjunct therapy with FDA approved medications.

Methods

We conducted a 10-subject open label, single site study evaluating the effect of functional connectivity-resting state functional MRI guided-approach to TMS targeting with dysfunctional LSBNs in subjects with biomarker-confirmed early-stage AD (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05292222). Subjects underwent pre-post imaging and testing to assess connectivity dysfunction and cognition. All participants received intermittent theta burst stimulation [(iTBS), (80% motor threshold; 5 sessions per day; 5 days; 3 targets; 18,000 pulses/day)] over 2 weeks. Three Human Connectome Project (HCP) defined parcellations were targeted, with one common right temporal area G dorsal (RTGd) target across all subjects and two personalized.

Results

We identified the following parcellations to be dysfunctional: RTGd, left area 8A ventral (L8Av), left area 8B lateral (L8BL), and left area 55b (L55b). There were no changes in these parcellations after treatment, but subjects showed improvement on the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status attention index (9.7; p = 0.01). No subject dropped out of the treatment, though 3 participants were unable to tolerate the RTGd target due to facial twitching (n = 2) and anxiety (n = 1).

Conclusion

Accelerated iTBS protocol was well-tolerated and personalized target-based treatment is feasible in early-stage AD. Further sham-controlled clinical trials are necessary to determine if this is an effective adjunctive treatment in early-stage AD.
In vitro colonic fermentation of fermented Radix Astragali by Poria cocos and anti-hyperuricemia mechanism based on network pharmacology and experiment verification
Authors: Chen Caiyun , Liu Keyu , Wang Yishu , Song Xinru , Gao Wenjing , Wang Yanlin , Chen Yuxin , An Ziqi , Yin Changting , Wang Haiyan , Wang Shaoping
Published: December 2024

Aim

This research aimed to probe the effects of fecal microbiota and Lactobacillus acidophilus on the metabolism of Radix Astragali (RA) and Poria cocos solid fermenting Radix Astragali (FRA). It further explores pharmacological effects of RA, Poria cocos, and FRA on HUA mouse model and the mechanisms in HUA treatment.

Methods

Fecal microbiota and Lactobacillus acidophilus were used to ferment FRA and RA in vitro to probe the impacts of microbiota on the metabolism of active compound. A HUA mouse model was used to carry out pharmacodynamic experiment of anti-hyperuricemia. Network pharmacology and molecular docking was utilized to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of RA and Poria cocos in the treatment of HUA.

Results

The results indicated that astragaloside IV (AG IV), total saponins, and flavonoids continuously decreased in FRA and RA during 48 h fecal microbiota colonic fermentation. During Lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation, in FRA, the content of AG IV peaked at 12 h with a value of 1.14 ± 0.20 mg/g; total saponins and flavonoids reached the highest values of 136.34 ± 6.15 mg/g at 12 h and 6.35 ± 0.06 mg/g at 6 h; AG IV and total saponins reached the highest values 0.63 ± 0.05 mg/g and 115.12 ± 4.12 mg/g at 12 h and 24 h in RA, respectively; and total flavonoids consecutively decreased. The counts of Lactobacillus acidophilus increased significantly in FRA compared with RA. Pharmacodynamic outcomes revealed that FRA effectively reduced blood levels of uric acid (UA), triglycerides (TG), xanthine oxidase (XOD), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) in HUA mice, exerting protective effects on the liver and kidney. Network pharmacology showed that there were 93 common targets for RA, Poria cocos, and HUA with the top five core targets tumor necrosis factor (TNF), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 (CASP3), jun proto-oncogene (JUN), and estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1). Molecular docking analysis revealed that AG IV, calycosin and formononetin bond well to the core targets.

Conclusion

This research revealed the interaction of RA and FRA with fecal microbiota and Lactobacillus acidophilus, RA and Poria cocos were featured with multiple components, target points, and signaling pathways in HUA treatment, which provided fresh insights for further HUA therapeutics.