bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalência e susceptibilidade antimicrobiana de sorotipos de Salmonella spp. isolados de frangos vivos e carcaças no estado do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Baptista Daniela Q. , Santos André F.M. , Aquino Maria Helena C. , Abreu Dayse L.C. , Rodrigues Dália P. , Nascimento Elmiro R. , Pereira Virginia L.A.
Published: October 2018

RESUMO: A presença de Salmonella spp. em produtos de origem avícola e seus subprodutos se mostra um grande desafio para a produção comercial. Dados de prevalência, dos sorotipos circulantes e do perfil de susceptibilidade antimicrobiana de cepas de Salmonella spp. no Estado do Rio de Janeiro são escassos. Portanto, objetivou-se detectar a presença Salmonella spp. em frangos vivos e carcaças em matadouros do Estados do Rio de Janeiro, identificar os sorotipos e avaliar a susceptibilidade antimicrobiana dessas cepas para fluoroquinolonas e betalactâmicos. Foram coletadas 60 amostras cloacais de frangos vivos e 60 amostras de carcaça de seis matadouros sob Inspeção Estadual (SIE). Os isolados foram sorotipificados e testados frente a oito antimicrobianos: enrofloxacina, ciprofloxacina, norfloxacina, cefalotina, ceftiofur, cefotaxima, amoxicilina/ácido clavulânico e ampicilina pelo método de difusão em disco. Os resultados mostraram uma prevalência de Salmonella spp. de 1,66% (1/60) em amostras de suabe de cloaca e de 26,66% (16/60) em carcaças. Em amostras de suabe de cloaca, somente o sorotipo Senftenberg (1,66%) foi isolado. No total, foram isolados sete sorotipos diferentes nas carcaças: Senftenberg (15%) o mais frequente, seguido por Mbandaka (8,3%), Schwarzengrund (3,3%), Cerro (3,3%), Ohio (3,3%), Minnesota (1,66%) e Tennessee (1,66%). Em relação à susceptibilidade antimicrobiana, 29 (87,87%) isolados foram sensíveis a todos os antimicrobianos testados e 4 (12,12%) isolados foram resistentes a pelo menos três antimicrobianos betalactâmicos ou mais. Não foi observada resistência às fluoroquinolonas. Os resultados encontrados demonstram uma prevalência de Salmonella spp. acima da esperada em matadouros do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, além da presença de vários sorotipos de Salmonella spp. A resistência encontrada para betalactâmicos alerta para a disseminação dessas cepas pela cadeia alimentar.
Prevalência de anticorpos e fatores de risco associados à infecção por Toxoplasma gondii em galinhas domésticas da zona rural de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Camillo Giovana , Machado Marta E.A. , Weber Augusto , Cadore Gustavo C. , Menezes Fernanda R. , Pardini Lais , Sangioni Luis A. , Vogel Fernanda S.F.
Published: October 2018

RESUMO: Toxoplasma gondii é um protozoário apicomplexa que infecta animais de sangue quente, podendo ser considerado um dos principais parasitas capazes de infectar os seres humanos. Galinhas domésticas podem ser facilmente infectadas por protozoários, uma vez que estas podem ingerir oocistos encontrados no solo, sendo consideradas boas indicadoras de contaminação ambiental por T. gondii. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a presença de anticorpos anti-T. gondii em galinhas domésticas criadas extensivamente e avaliar os fatores de risco associados ao protozoário, na zona rural de Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. No período de março de 2013 a fevereiro 2014 foram coletadas 597 amostras de sangue de galinhas domésticas em 74 propriedades, oriundas de nove estratos que representam cada distrito da zona rural. Para avaliar os fatores de risco, nessas propriedades foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico aos moradores. As amostras de soro foram testadas por imunofluorescência indireta, e 49,2% (294/597) foram positivas para anticorpos anti-T. gondii, com títulos variando de 16 a 4096. Das 74 propriedades analisadas, em 63 (85,1%) houve relatos que os gatos têm acesso ao deposito de alimentos, com associação significativa quando associado à presença de galinhas positivas (p=0,04) e o OR de 4,07. A variável “abate de animais” (aves e bovinos), em 51 (68,9%) das propriedades foi relatado o abate de bovinos e aves na propriedade, com valor de p significativo (p=0,05). A maioria das propriedades 59 (79,7%) foi relatada a presença de gatos domésticos, o que poderia estar associada com a alta soroprevalência encontrada em galinhas e a taxa de contaminação ambiental. A elevada prevalência de anticorpos encontrada neste estudo, além da alta frequência de propriedades com casos positivos, sugere uma grande contaminação ambiental nos distritos pesquisados, sendo assim um risco potencial para a saúde humana e animal.
Detection of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli in Brazilian mastitic milk goats by multiplex-PCR
Authors: Machado Gustavo P. , Silva Rodrigo C. , Guimarães Felipe F. , Salina Anelise , Langoni Hélio
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: This study evalueted the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli in milk samples from 257 goats (513 half-udders) and ten bulk tanks, from ten dairy goat farms of São Paulo State, Brazil, by multiplex-PCR. The samples were screened by microbiological culture (gold-standard), and tested by different multiplex-PCR protocols for the detection of each bacterium. A total of 178 half-udders resulted positive by microbiological culture, with coagulase-negative staphylococci (70%), S. aureus (13.5%), S. intermedius (7.9%), and Enterobacteriaceae (4%) the prevalent pathogens. In other way, multiplex-PCR detected 173 pathogens in 151/523 (28.9%; CI95% 25.2-32.9%) milk samples 144/513 (28.1%) half-udders and 7/10 (70%) bulk tanks, with E. coli (86/162, 51.9%) and S. aureus (50/162, 30.9%) the prevalent ones in half-udders, and S. aureus (6/10, 60%) and E. coli (4/5, 36.4%) in bulk tanks. Multiplex-PCR showed a high performance for the detection of three bacteria at a time in mastitic goat milk direct from half-udders or bulk tanks. Thus, this multiplex-PCR protocol proved to be an adequate tool for the identification of the most common mastitis pathogens, independent of their phenotypic characteristics in the diagnosis of clinical mastitis in goats, allowing a continuous and better vigilance and monitoring the herd, being included in quality programs.
Description and post-operative evaluation of tie-in technique in tibial osteosynthesis in dogs
Authors: Dias Luis G.G.G. , Padilha Filho João G. , Conceição Maria E.B.A.M. , Dias Fernanda G.G. , Barbosa Virginia T.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to describe and analyse the adaptability and functionality of tie-in configuration in tibial osteosynthesis in dogs. Twenty dogs with tibial fracture were included in this study. An orifice was made on the proximal tibial fragment, on the medial side, close to the tibial crest. The drill piece was angled at 45º and projected into the same orifice on the distal sense of the bone. Others orifices made with the aid of a low rotation drill and drill piece with diameter smaller than the chosen implant. After 10 days post-operative, the animals were evaluated. X-ray analysis was performed at the time of clinical examination; immediate post-operative period; and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days post-surgery. A questionnaire was given to the owners to provide details on the post-operative period. There were no trans-operative complications or suture dehiscence up to the day of suture removal. Partial development of bone callus was observed in 20 dogs within a mean period of 76 days. Three animals showed bone consolidation within 35 days, nine by 60 days, three by 90 days, and 5 by 120 days post-operative. Dynamization was carried out in 9 animals. The surgical access to the tibial medullary canal through the orifice at the proximal medial face, by the tibial tuberosity, enables the insertion of IMP without risks to articular and peri-articular lesions in the knee in dogs.
Esporotricose em felinos domésticos (Felis catus domesticus) em Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ
Authors: Almeida Adriana J. , Reis Nathália F. , Lourenço Camila S. , Costa Nina Q. , Bernardino Maria L.A. , Vieira-da-Motta Olney
Published: October 2018

RESUMO: A esporotricose é uma micose subcutânea de evolução subaguda a crônica, causada pelo fungo dimórfico e geofílico Sporothrix schenckii. A transmissão zoonótica vem recebendo destaque, tendo os felinos domésticos um importante papel epidemiológico na doença. Este trabalho pesquisa teve como objetivo diagnosticar casos de esporotricose em felinos domésticos atendidos no município de Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ, bem como correlacionar os casos positivos com os sinais clínicos observados nos mesmos, assim como fatores de risco tais quais sexo, animais castrados ou não, dentre outras características. Foram utilizados 100 felinos domésticos, portadores de lesões cutâneas suspeitas de esporotricose, os quais passaram por avaliação clínica minuciosa e preenchimento de fichas individuais. As lesões foram então selecionadas para coleta de material em suabes estéreis e posterior análise laboratorial, através da citologia e cultura fúngica. Dos 100 animais analisados, 66 (66%) foram positivos para Sporothrix spp., sendo 46 (69,6%) machos não castrados, 15 (22,7%) fêmeas não castradas, 4 (6,06%) fêmeas castradas e 1 (1,5%) macho castrado, os quais 89,3% tinham acesso à rua. Quanto à topografia lesional e estado clínico dos animais, 43 (65,2%) apresentavam lesões focais e 23 (34,8%) lesões disseminadas, onde 21 (31,8%) vieram à óbito ou foram submetidos a eutanásia por opção do tutor. Com os resultados dos exames foi possível a adequada prescrição do protocolo terapêutico e acompanhamento de 40 animais (60,6%), e nos casos dos felinos encaminhados (7,5%), foi reportado ao médico veterinário responsável o respectivo diagnóstico para que este escolhesse sua conduta terapêutica.
PROGNOSIS OF THE DIAMETER DISTRIBUTION AND CARBON STOCK IN A SECONDARY ATLANTIC FOREST BY MARKOV CHAIN
Authors: Villanova Paulo Henrique , Torres Carlos Moreira Miquelino Eleto , Jacovine Laércio Antônio Gonçalves , Soares Carlos Pedro Boechat , Silva Liniker Fernandes da , Schettini Bruno Leão Said , Rocha Samuel José Silva Soares da
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Growth and yield modeling at the diameter distribution level is an important tool to understand forest dynamics and to predict whether a forest will act as a CO2 emissions source or sink. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the diameter distribution and carbon stock of a forest fragment using the Markov chain to evaluate the impact of growth dynamics on forest carbon capture. Twenty plots of 10x50m were inventoried, between 2010 and 2015, counting the stems with dbh > 5 cm. Diameter distribution was projected for 2015 and 2020, considering the whole fragment and the ecological groups (pioneer and non-pioneer tree species). The volume was determined using allometric equation while biomass and carbon was determined by multiplying the volume by the basic wood density and the carbon content, respectively. The diameter distribution estimated for the fragment and ecological groups did not differ statistically from the values observed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (p-value < 0.05). The number of stems ha-1 estimated in the fragment was from 1,692 in 2015 to 1,841 in 2020. For the pioneer and non-pioneer species, the number of stems ha-1 was from 476 and 1,203 in 2015 to 472 and 1,362 in 2020, respectively. The carbon stock increased 5.69 MgC ha-1, with the greater contribution coming from the non-pioneer species. Therefore, it was concluded that the diameter distribution would remain “J-inverted” and the forest fragment would continue to act as a carbon sink over the coming years.
ALLOMETRIC MODELS TO ESTIMATE ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS OF SMALL TREES IN WET TROPICAL FORESTS OF COLOMBIAN PACIFIC AREA
Authors: Segura Milena A. , Acuña Luis Miguel , Andrade Hernán J.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT World wet tropical forests, and especially the ones in the Colombian Pacific area, are the target of a small tree (minor diameter) selective harvest process, used in short-cycle industries, such as bioenergy. This situation generates a reduction in stored carbon and biomass, and becomes an emission of greenhouse gases (GHG). Allometric models for aboveground biomass are few, despite being an important tool of carbon calculation. The goal of this study was to develop multi-species allometric models for small trees aboveground biomass in wet tropical forests. A total of 61 individuals (diameter at breast height -DBH- < 12 cm) was measured, cut and weighed to estimate their biomass. The model with the best adjustment was selected considering criteria of determination coefficient (R2) and adjusted R2, mean quadratic error of prediction, Akaike and Bayesian Information Criteria and the biological logic of the model. Best-fit allometric model (R2= 0,72) was with DBH and total height as independent variables, considering that it is a multi-species model coming from forests with a high diversity.
CULTIVATION OF Caesalpiniapulcherrima L. Sw. IN REGIONAL SUBSTRATES
Authors: Moreira Flávia Mélo , Nóbrega Rafaela Simão Abrahão , Santos Ronaldo Pedreira dos , Silva Caeline Castor da , Nóbrega Júlio César Azevedo
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT The objective of the present research was to evaluate different types and proportions of organic wates and soil classes for substrate formulation for Caesalpinia pulcherrima cultivation. The experiment was performed in a greenhouse, and treatments were composed by two soil classes (Oxisol and Entisols), three types of residues (organic compound from pruning + manure, urban waste compost and residue from the extraction of Agave sisalana fibers) and five residue:soil proportions (0:100, 20:80, 40:60, 60:40, 80:20, v/v). Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, rates of a, b and total chlorophyll, leaf area, root length, shoots and roots dry weight and the Dickson Quality Index were evaluated 90 days after sowing. All three types of residues evaluated showed potential to be used in the elaboration of growth substrates for the production of C. pulcherrima L. Sw. seedlings. The substrates formulated with 33%, 23% or 5% of organic tree pruning + animal manure, urban waste compost and residue of the Agave sisalana fiber extraction, respectively, promoted better quality of seedlings 90 days after sowing, regardless of the soil class.
Thomas Young e a teoria ondulatória da luz no início do século XIX: aspectos conceituais e epistemológicos
Authors: Oliveira Rilavia Almeida de , Martins André Ferrer Pinto , Silva Ana Paula Bispo da
Published: October 2018

Resumo No ensino de ciências, os relatos acerca de contribuições de personagens importantes da história da física são, por vezes, simplistas, focando apenas em experimentos ditos cruciais ou descobertas pontuais, sem levar em consideração aspectos do contexto em que o pesquisador estava imerso. Esse é o caso da figura de Thomas Young que, em relação à teoria ondulatória da luz, costuma ser associado ao experimento de dupla fenda, na maioria das vezes. Neste trabalho, propomos apresentar, de maneira detalhada, a contribuição dada por Thomas Young para o desenvolvimento da teoria ondulatória da luz dentro do contexto geral da época, com ênfase nos aspectos conceituais e epistemológicos, visando contribuir para a discussão de aspectos da Natureza da Ciência (NDC) no ensino de ciências.
Locoregional recurrence of Frantz’ tumor: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Prata Ana lamada Pereira , Mendes Gustavo Gomes , Chojniak Rubens
Published: October 2018

SUMMARY Frantz' tumours or solid pseudopapillary tumours of the pancreas are rare neoplasms with low malignant potential. Young women in the second to third decades of life are more frequently affected. The treatment of choice is resection of the lesion, which is often curative. The recurrence is uncommon when radical surgical resection is used. Radiological characteristics are important for the correct diagnosis, since the preoperative planning is fundamental to obtain the cure. The objective of this study is to report a rare case of locoregional recurrence and to review the radiological findings of solid pseudopapillary tumours of the pancreas in the literature, as well to know the incidence and risk factors of tumor recurrence. This case report is from a 37-year-old female patient evaluated at an Oncologic Hospital, in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, who presented an uncommon evolution of the disease, characterized by local recurrence despite the complete resection of the primary lesion with free margins.
Vasculitis of small and large vessels, a casual association?
Authors: Pedro Filipa , Abuowda Yahia , Craveiro Nuno , Oliveira Ana Alves , Mestre Ana , Santos Cristina
Published: October 2018

SUMMARY The authors report a case of a 69-year-old man with idiopathic leukocytoclastic cutaneous vasculitis. For three years, the lesions recurred with progressive worsening and were associated with systemic manifestations of low-grade fever, weight loss and raised inflammatory markers. The patient latter presented a 6th cranial nerve involvement, raising the concern of a possible systemic vasculitis, which was latter evidenced by the development of deep vein thrombosis and angina pectoris. The treatment of the patient witch based on the decreasing of inflammatory activity, by using effective immunosuppressive therapy, with lower toxicity is more important than identifying the type of the vasculitis. This case illustrates the importance of awareness for the systemic involvement that can occur in up to 50% of patients with leukocytoclastic cutaneous vasculitis.
Evaluation Model for developing effective indicators for health surveillance actions in Brazil
Authors: Felisberto Eronildo , Brito Rodrigo Lino de , Barca Danila Augusta Accioly Varella , Martins Mary Anne Fontenele , Oliveira Adriana Karla N. B. Marinho de , Souza Nidia Cristina de , Pinho Ana Paula Neves Marques de , Silva Júnior Jarbas Barbosa da , Samico Isabella
Published: October 2018

Abstract Objective: to present an evaluation model for developing effective indicators for the Vigilância Sanitária (VISA) (Sanitary and Health Surveillance) actions in Brazil. Methods: an exploratory, evaluative study from primary sources data - electronic form by key informants and reports on national, international and secondary benchmarking visits - documental analysis. Results: the diversity of VISA management practices made it possible to define the evaluation object: Health Surveillance Actions - as an organized action system. The components: management; regulation; sanitary and health control; sanitary and health risk monitoring and information, communication and health education were derived from the aims of the intervention and composes a central structure of the Theoretical Model and the Logical Model Actions of VISA in the Sistema Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (SNVS) (National Sanitary and Health Surveillance System) . Conclusions: The Vigilância Sanitária (VISA) (Sanitary and Health Surveillance) accumulates experience with the process indicators for monitoring actions, being incipient are capable of evaluating its impact. The theoretical resources in the evaluation area support the information management in the VISA field and besides contributing for studies on social determinants and the incorporation of analyses in historic series.
Influence of packaging on the quality of Brazil nuts
Authors: LORINI Alexandre , WOBETO Carmen , ROSA Claudineli Cássia Bueno da , HATEM Tatiane Andressa , BOTELHO Sílvia de Carvalho Campos
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT The Brazil nut is an important commodity that grows in the Amazon rainforest and is notable for its high nutritional value. However, the effect that packaging has on product shelf-life is unclear. This study evaluated the microbiological and nutritional quality of unshelled Brazil nuts packed in (a) nylon and polypropylene under vacuum, and (b) in polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene aluminized films. The nuts were stored for nine months under natural environmental conditions. The most probable number of total and thermotolerant coliforms and Escherichia coli, and counting of molds and yeast were determined in the unshelled nuts shortly after collection and every three months during storage. Moisture, lipids, ash, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber contents were measured by the gravimetric method. Crude protein content was measured using the Kjeldahl method. Coliform levels were within legislated standards in both types of packaging. Mold and yeast growth increased with time in both types of packaging (0.1x10¹ to 9.5x10³ colony forming units g-1), but only nuts packaged in aluminum film showed a significant increase after six months of storage. After nine months of storage, both types of packaged nuts had good nutritional quality. Aluminized packaging resulted in better conservation of the lipid fraction and lower permeability to water vapor, however, vacuum packaging was more effective in controlling fungal growth, possibly due to the lack of oxygen.
Açaí seed bran in the feed of slow-growth broilers
Authors: ARRUDA Janaína de Cássia Braga , FONSECA Lívia Anália Bentes da , PINTO Leonardo César Portal , PINHEIRO Higor César de Oliveira , MONTEIRO Brenda Thamara Oliveira , MANNO Maria Cristina , LIMA Kedson Raul de Souza , LIMA Ana Rita de
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze the potential use of açaí seeds as an alternative ingredient in the feed of slow-growth broilers until 28 days of age. We carried out a bromatological analysis of fractions of the açaí fruit. The açaí seed without mesocarp was the best choice for formulation of the açaí seed bran (ASB), which was evaluated in terms of bird performance and economic viability of the supplemented feed. A total of 416 male chicks of the French Red-Naked Neck lineage were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments (0, 2, 6 and 10% inclusion of ASBin the feed) with eight replicates each. The results indicated that ASB can be included in proportions of up to 10% in the diet of slow growth broilers at early development stage without impairing performance. The 10% inclusion level also was economically equal to the control treatment, representing a viable alternative for broiler production, with potential for reduction of the negative impacts generated by açaí residue in the environment.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with the babassu palm (Attalea speciosa) in the eastern periphery of Amazonia, Brazil
Authors: NOBRE Camila Pinheiro , COSTA Marlon Gomes da , GOTO Bruno Tomio , GEHRING Christoph
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Babassu, Attalea speciosa (Arecaceae) is a ruderal palm native to Amazonia, which turned dominant in frequently burned lands throughout the ‘arc of deforestation’ and other degraded lands, in extreme cases attaining complete dominance. This study investigated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) as one possible explanation for the outstanding ecological success of this exceptional palm. We explored the relationships between the babassu palm and native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and babassu effects on the AMF richness and mycorrhizal inoculum potential (MIP) in the eastern periphery of Amazonia. For this purpose, we sampled topsoil (0-20 cm) at the onset of the rainy season from a 5-year-old secondary forest regrowth (SEC) area with three levels of babassu dominance (sites with 10, 50 and 70% babassu biomass shares), and at three distances (0, 2.5 and 4 m) from isolated babassu patches within a degraded pasture (PAS), both with five replications per treatment. Glomerospore density varied from 100 to 302 per gram of soil, 56% higher in SEC than PAS. We identified a total of 16 AMF species, with dominance of Acaulospora (six species) followed by Glomus (three species). AMF richness increased with babassu dominance in SEC sites, and reduced with distance from babassu patches within the PAS. The colonization rate of babassu roots was higher in SEC than in PAS, whereas MIP was similar in both areas and without treatment differences. Our study points to strong mycorrhizal association of the babassu palm as a potential mechanism for its outstanding ecological success in degraded lands.
Evaluation of the micropropagation potential of curauá pineapple hybrids for fiber production
Authors: SOUZA Cintia Paula Feitosa , SOUZA Everton Hilo de , LEDO Carlos Alberto da Silva , SOUZA Fernanda Vidigal Duarte
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Plant fiber is a renewable and biodegradable material that can be used effectively to reinforce various composites. Pineapple hybrids selected for their fiber quality are in the phase of agronomic validation in Brazil by the Embrapa Cassava and Fruits research unit. The selection of a hybrid for large-scale fiber production depends on obtaining a large number of seedlings. This study evaluated the morphogenetic response and propagation potential of eight hybrids of Ananas comosus var. erectifolius, for the purpose of producing high-quality seedlings on a large scale. Stem and crown buds were reduced and placed in MS nutritive medium supplemented with BAP at 0.5 mg L-1, NAA at 0.01 mg L-1 and Phytagel® at 2.5 g L-1. After 45 days, the number of oxidized, contaminated and surviving buds was determined. Swollen buds and plantlets were transferred to a multiplication medium containing MS sucrose, salts and vitamins. The propagation potential was evaluated based on the geometric growth rate among sub-cultures. The FIB-NEG hybrid presented the best results for the establishment phase (40.28%). The best propagative potential was obtained from crown buds with the highest values for FIB-EST (3.93), FIB-MIN (3.91) and FIB-BOY (3.91) hybrids.
MILHETO COMO SILAGEM COMPARADO A GRAMÍNEAS TRADICIONAIS: ASPECTOS QUANTITATIVOS, QUALITATIVOS E ECONÔMICOS
Authors: Jacovetti Reginaldo , França Aldi Fernandes de Souza , Carnevalli Roberta Aparecida , Miyagi Eliane Sayuri , Brunes Ludmilla Costa , Corrêa Daniel Staciarini
Published: October 2018

Resumo Foram avaliados a composição morfológica, os parâmetros agronômicos, a produção de massa seca das plantas forrageiras utilizadas para o processo de ensilagem, bem como a caracterização do processo fermentativo, em diferentes tempos de abertura dos mini-silos (3, 7, 15, 30, 60, 120 dias) após a ensilagem. Procedeu-se também às determinações das perdas de efluentes e gases, além da composição bromatológica e fracionamento de proteína das silagens. Também foi estimado o custo de produção e a produção de leite em função da matéria seca das silagens produzidas a partir de diferentes gramíneas. As espécies forrageiras avaliadas foram: milheto ADR-7010, sorgo BRS 610, milho AG 5055 com espiga, milho AG 5055 sem espiga e cana-de-açúcar IAC 86-2480. Foram observadas diferenças significativas tanto para produção, quanto composição bromatológica e custos de produção. O milheto não se mostrou competitivo com as demais forrageiras; entretanto, constitui opção como cultura de inverno em decorrência de sua baixa exigência hídrica quando comparado às demais culturas.
Caracterizações microbiológica e físico-química de pólens armazenados por abelhas sem ferrão
Authors: Bárbara Marivalda Figueredo Santa , Machado Cerilene Santiago , Sodré Geni da Silva , Silva Fabiane de Lima , Carvalho Carlos Alfredo Lopes de
Published: October 2018

Resumo O estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de verificar tanto a condição microbiológica quanto as diferenças físico-químicas existentes em pólens armazenados por diferentes espécies de abelhas sem ferrão no Nordeste do Brasil. Os pólens armazenados foram coletados nas colônias mantidas em meliponários das seguintes espécies: Melipona subnitida, M.scutellaris, M. mandacaia, Scaptotrigona sp. e Frieseomellita varia. Com relação às análises de qualidade microbiológica, as mesmas foram realizadas em micro-organismos indicadores de qualidade comercial (mesófilos, bolores e leveduras), qualidade sanitária (Staphylococcus coagulase positiva, coliformes fecais e Escherichia coli), e de segurança (esporos de Clostridium sulfito redutores e Salmonella spp.). Para os parâmetros físico-químicos, os mesmos foram avaliados de acordo com a exigência do Regulamento Técnico (RT) de qualidade para pólen apícola, e também para compostos fenólicos. Todas as amostras apresentaram condição microbiológica de acordo com as recomendações aceitáveis para o consumo humano. Os resultados confirmaram as diferenças na composição físico-química do pólen armazenado das cinco espécies; no entanto, houve formação de três grupos de pólens armazenados com base nos parâmetros físico-químicos. As amostras da espécie M. scutellaris apresentaram conteúdo de compostos fenólicos cinco vezes mais elevado aos outros méis das espécies avaliadas. Logo, este estudo permitiu conhecer a composição dos pólens armazenados por abelhas sem ferrão, por conseguinte reforçando a necessidade de reformular o Regulamento Técnico (RT) existente no Brasil para pólen apícola, de forma a abranger os pólens armazenados das espécies nativas.
Utilização do malte de sorgo na produção de cerveja: revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Rodríguez Yanet Boffill , Aguilar Irenia Gallardo , Almeida e Silva João Batista de
Published: October 2018

Resumo A cevada (Hordeum vulgare) é o principal cereal utilizado na produção de cerveja, mas é importada, na maioria dos países tropicais e subtropicais. Isto implica no aumento do custo de produção da bebida, além de não satisfazer a demanda das bebidas sem glúten no mercado. O sorgo (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) é um dos cereais que também podem ser usados na produção de cerveja e, ao contrário da cevada, é livre de glúten, recomendado para doentes celíacos. Assim, recentemente tem aumentado o interesse no uso do malte de sorgo para substituir o malte de cevada na produção de bebidas. No entanto, as principais dificuldades encontradas na produção de bebidas fermentadas a partir de malte de sorgo têm sido o baixo nível de enzimas hidrolíticas e a alta temperatura de gelatinização. O objetivo deste trabalho de revisão foi avaliar os principais fatores que afetam os processos de maltagem (tempo e temperatura de imersão, de germinação e de secagem) e a mosturação com malte de sorgo (pH e temperatura das enzimas, e métodos usados) na produção de cerveja sem glúten.
Comparative gross encephalon morphology in Callichthyidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Siluriformes)
Authors: Pupo Fabio M. , Britto Marcelo R.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Callichthyidae comprises the subfamilies Callichthyinae and Corydoradinae, both of which are morphologically distinct and monophyletic. Although there is consensus regarding the monophyly of the family, the relationships of about 80% of its species, currently included in the genus Corydoras, remain poorly known. Despite the vast amount of osteological information for Teleostei, knowledge regarding the phylogenetic implications of encephalon anatomy is sparse and represents a poorly explored source of potential characters. The present study aims to describe the encephalon morphology in members of the Callichthyidae in order to propose new characters that may help address phylogenetic questions regarding this group. In addition to representatives of Callichthyidae, specimens belonging to the Nematogenyidae, Trichomycteridae, Scoloplacidae, Astroblepidae and Loricariidae were dissected for comparative purposes. Head dissection revealed information on the structure of the medulla spinalis, rhombencephalon, mesencephalon, diencephalon and telencephalon. The conditions observed on the encephalons examined suggest that representatives of Callichthyidae have great taste perception and processing, while Corydoradinae stand out for visual acuity and Callichthyinae for mechanoreception processing subunits. Our results also indicate that the encephalon has important features for systematic studies of the family bringing greater resolution to current phylogenetic hypotheses.
Phylogenetic relationships of Chanidae (Teleostei: Gonorynchiformes) as impacted by Dastilbe moraesi , from the Sanfranciscana basin, Early Cretaceous of Brazil
Authors: Ribeiro Alexandre C. , Poyato-Ariza Francisco J. , Bockmann Flávio A. , Carvalho Marcelo R. de
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Fossil gonorynchiform fishes range from the Lower Cretaceous to the early Miocene, and are represented by a few dozen living species. The order is currently divided into two major clades: Gonorynchoidei, which includes the families Gonorynchidae and Kneriidae, and Chanoidei, encompassing a single family, Chanidae, with a single recent species, the Indo-Pacific Chanos chanos, and several fossil taxa. Chanidae includes some poorly known taxa, such as Dastilbe moraesi, described from the Aptian (Lower Cretaceous) of the Areado Formation, Sanfranciscana basin, Brazil. This species is currently considered to be a junior synonym of the type species of its genus, Dastilbe crandalli, from Santana Formation, Aptian, northeastern Brazil. The analysis of abundant D. moraesi specimens revealed several new morphological features, many of which had previously been misinterpreted. Dastilbe moraesi was incorporated into a gonorynchiform character matrix as revised and modified for the Chanidae. We obtained a single most parsimonious tree in which D. moraesi is distinct and phylogenetically apart from D. crandalli. According our analysis, D. moraesi forms a sister pair with Chanos, a clade which is closely related to Tharrhias, all composing the tribe Chanini.
Influence of bullying and teacher-student relationship on school engagement: Analysis of an explanatory model
Authors: VALLE Jessica Elena , STELKO-PEREIRA Ana Carina , PEIXOTO Evandro Morais , WILLIAMS Lucia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque
Published: October 2018

Abstract The present study investigated the influence of bullying involvement and teacher-student relationship on school engagement, through the analysis of an explanatory model. For this, 426 students (from 6th to 9th grades) from four public schools located in a city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, answered the Escala de Violência Escolar – Versão Estudante (School Violence Scale – Student Version), the Escala de Relação Professor-Aluno (Teacher – Student Relationship Scale) and the School Engagement Scale. Results from a Path Analysis indicated that bullying involvement has a direct negative impact on school engagement, and that teacher-student relationship has a direct positive impact on school engagement. Moreover, teacher-student relationship may mediate the negative effects of bullying on school engagement. These data confirm the importance of positive social relationships in school for student engagement. However, the proposed model explains 32% of the variance of school engagement, indicating that other variables not investigated in this study may also be relevant.
Disciplinary behavior of mothers of preschool children: Effects of maternal effi cacy beliefs, children’s gender and age, and mothers’ education
Authors: CARVALHO Carla , CRUZ Orlanda
Published: October 2018

Abstract Disciplining a child is one of the most challenging parental tasks. Efficacy beliefs contribute to make this experience more or less successful. The purpose of this study is to examine the predictive role of efficacy beliefs on maternal disciplinary behavior. A total of 128 mothers of pre-school aged children participated in this study. They were asked to complete the Parental Disciplinary Behavior Scale and the Efficacy Subscale of the Parenting Sense of Competence. Results showed that mothers use inductive behavior more frequently and perceive these behaviors as the most effective ones. Power assertion is explained by the child’s age, the mother’s educational level, her perception of parental self-efficacy and also by her maternal beliefs about the effectiveness of both power assertion and non-physical punishment. Non-physical punishment is explained by maternal beliefs regarding the effectiveness of both non-physical punishment and inductive behavior. Finally, induction is explained according to the child’s gender and the maternal belief about the effectiveness of these inductive behaviors. These results are especially relevant to the field of parenting intervention, underlining the importance of addressing efficacy beliefs to promote behavioral change.
Análise do Luto de Mães de Crianças e Adolescentes Desaparecidos
Authors: Rolim Gisleila da Silva , Saldanha Mariana Fernandes , Radzevicius Letícia da Costa , Tardivo Leila Salomão de La Plata Cury , Salles Rodrigo Jorge
Published: October 2018

Resumo O desaparecimento de crianças e adolescentes é uma realidade presente em todo o Brasil. A literatura evidencia que ainda há problemas no processo de busca e localização das vítimas que, somados à incógnita das condições físicas e psíquicas do filho, podem causar nas famílias, e em especial nas mães, uma série de sentimentos angustiantes contribuindo para o surgimento de conflitos e estresse emocional. O objetivo deste trabalho foi compreender o processo de luto de mães que desconhecem a localização e o motivo do desaparecimento do filho. O método do trabalho seguiu uma proposta qualitativa. Foram realizadas entrevistas semidirigidas com cinco mães que frequentam as atividades de uma organização não governamental voltada para familiares de pessoas desaparecidas. A análise dos dados foi feita por meio do procedimento de análise de conteúdo. Observou-se que as mães, devido às fantasias de não terem cumprido adequadamente seu papel, apresentam sentimentos de culpa. Para lidar com esses sentimentos, utilizam mecanismos de defesa cujo objetivo é evitar fatos e lembranças associados ao desaparecimento. Existem também complicações na reestruturação familiar decorrentes do desaparecimento, que somadas a outros fatores, como o descrédito nas buscas, causam nas mães ambivalência entre o cansaço e a esperança de localizar o filho desaparecido. Devido a esses fatores, as mães possuem uma dificuldade em realizar o teste de realidade que constata a ausência do objeto perdido, prejudicando o processo de elaboração do luto.
Identidade, Drogas e Saúde Mental: Narrativas de Pessoas em Situação de Rua
Authors: Rodrigues Jéssica Silva , Lima Aluísio Ferreira de , Holanda Renata Bessa
Published: October 2018

Resumo O presente trabalho tem por objetivo discutir como pessoas que vivem em situação de rua e que fazem uso abusivo de drogas lidam com os processos de exclusão social aos quais estão submetidos, observando de que forma os personagens que representam repercutem no reconhecimento de suas identidades. Para tanto, seguindo o critério de saturação de sentido, foram utilizadas as narrativas de dois sujeitos que viviam em situação de rua no centro de Fortaleza (CE) e que faziam o uso de drogas. Nas pesquisas desenvolvidas por Antonio da Costa Ciampa e Aluísio Ferreira de Lima, sobretudo aquelas relacionadas à concepção de identidade enquanto metamorfose, personagem e as categorias mesmice, mesmidade e reconhecimento. Assim, no estudo pode-se perceber o impacto das formas de reconhecimento experienciadas pelos sujeitos entrevistados na constituição de suas identidades, bem como as repercussões dos estigmas enfrentados pelos mesmos na representação cotidiana das personagens “pessoa em situação de rua” e “usuário de drogas”. Por fim, as rupturas dos personagens nos processos de mesmice e a dificuldade de lidar com novos personagens nos movimentos da mesmidade são discutidas, além de reflexões sobre as identidades pressupostas atribuídas a essas duas personagens, que criam limitações nas relações dessas pessoas com os trabalhadores dos serviços de saúde mental e acabam reproduzindo as formas de exclusão vivenciadas por eles.
O Espectro Eugenista no Discurso Biodeterminista Contemporâneo
Authors: Hillesheim Betina , Silva Mozart Linhares da
Published: October 2018

Resumo O artigo discute as associações que têm sido realizadas no âmbito de pesquisas da área médica e psicológica entre violência, fisiologia e anatomia. Tais associações se fundamentam em uma visão biologizante do mundo e se legitima pelo discurso científico. Com o objetivo de problematizar os aspectos epistemológicos e éticos, o texto aborda as articulações entre ciência e determinismo, bem como a emergência da eugenia no século XIX e seus deslocamentos até a contemporaneidade. Nessa perspectiva, problematizamos que, atualmente, há uma centralidade da produção discursiva relativa ao cérebro, a qual implica também em um modo de condução de condutas. A partir disso, evidenciamos que, no século XXI, encontramo-nos em um regime específico de biossegurança e biopolítica, em que a biologia deixa de ser compreendida como um destino e passa a ser vista como oportunidade. Tal modificação nas formas de entendimento implica numa série de novas lutas políticas em torno de uma economia da vida e, nesse cenário, tais pesquisas, com a justificativa de prevenção ao crime, configuram-se como estratégias de vigilância e controle sobre os corpos, especialmente daqueles sujeitos pertencentes a grupos minoritários.
Seed quality response of Urochloa humidicola cv. Llanero to drying surfaces and environments1
Authors: Zuffo Alan Mario , Zuffo Júnior Joacir Mario , Zambiazzi Everton Vinicius , Steiner Fábio
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT The drying process and storage may interfere in the quality of creeping signalgrass seeds [Urochloa humidicola (Rendle.) Morrone & Zuloago, syn. Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle.) Schweick.]. This study aimed to evaluate the physical, physiological and sanitary quality of creeping signalgrass cv. Llanero seeds submitted to drying surfaces and environments and stored for two periods (1 and 8 months). The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design, in a 4 × 2 × 2 + 2 factorial arrangement, with four drying surfaces (soil, asphalt, concrete and ceramic floor), two drying environments (seeds exposed to the sun or shade), two seed storage periods (1 and 8 months) and two additional treatments with drying in paper bags under laboratory conditions (control) and stored for 1 or 8 months, with four replicates. The water content, viability by the tetrazolium test, electrical conductivity, germination rate, germination rate index and seed sanitary quality were measured. Drying at full sun impaired the physiological quality of the seeds due to the high temperatures (46.8-51.0 ºC) of the drying surface; however, reduced the incidence of pathogens. The drying of seeds in paper bags under shade results in a higher physiological quality, but the sanitary quality is compromised. However, the pathogens present in the seeds did not inhibit their viability and vigor. The storage for eight months reduces the seed quality.
Cutting ages of elephant grass for chopped hay production1
Authors: Ferreira Eduardo André , Abreu Joadil Gonçalves de , Martinez Junio Cesar , Braz Thiago Gomes dos Santos , Ferreira Daniel Paulo
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT With the advancement of the cutting age, there is an increase in the forage yield of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum), but there is also a reduction of the protein levels and digestibility of this forage. This study aimed to identify the ideal cutting age of elephant grass forage (BRS Canará cultivar) to chopped hay production. The experimental design was a randomized block, with five treatments (42, 60, 76, 91 and 105 days of growing) and four replicates. Forage agronomical, morphological and chemical characteristics were evaluated. A linear positive effect of the cutting age was observed on plant height, senescent material and yield of the chopped hay. The leaf percentage and leaf:stem ratio were reduced by the advance in the cutting age. There was also a linear positive effect of the cutting ages on indigestible neutral detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein and neutral detergent insoluble protein, with increases of 17.13 %, 16.63 % and 20.66 %, respectively. The contents of ashes, crude protein, total digestible nutrients and net lactation energy were reduced with the advance in the forage age. From 76 days, the ashes contents reached values below 9.29 % and the crude protein below 7.16 %. In the same cutting age, the chopped hay yield was 12.91 t ha-1. To improve the hay quality and production, the BRS Canará cultivar must be harvest between 60 and 76 days, when the plants are with 1.20-1.50 m of height, leaf:stem ratio of 0.55-0.44, crude protein of 8.29-7.16 % and indigestible neutral detergent fiber of 26.21-29.06 %.
Quality of soybean seeds in response to nitrogen fertilization and inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum 1
Authors: Zuffo Alan Mario , Steiner Fábio , Busch Aécio , Zuffo Júnior Joacir Mario , Mendes Alan Eduardo Seglin , Oliveira Natália Trajano de , Zambiazzi Everton Vinicius
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Nitrogen fertilization may interfere in the quality of soybean seeds. This study aimed to determine the physiological and sanitary quality of soybean seeds, in response to levels and times of nitrogen (N) application associated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculation. Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design, in a 2 × 3 × 4 factorial arrangement [two soybean cultivars (BRS 1074 IPRO and ST 797 IPRO), three application times (sowing, 30 and 50 days after emergence) and four N levels (0 kg ha-1, 20 kg ha-1, 40 kg ha-1 and 60 kg ha-1), with four replicates. The 1,000-seed mass, moisture content, germination rate, seedling height, shoot length, primary root length, total seedling dry matter, electrical conductivity, mechanical damage, vigor and viability (tetrazolium test) and sanitary quality of the seeds were measured. The use of mineral N, associated with the inoculation of B. japonicum bacteria, does not prove to be consistent, in terms of its effects on the physiological quality of soybean seeds, although the incidence of pathogens may be reduced.
Biological development of Euborellia annulipes reared with artificial diets and Ephestia kuehniella eggs1
Authors: Silva Izabela Thaís Fidelis Alves da , Oliveira Robério de , Oliveira Luana Vitória de Queiroz , Nascimento Júnior José Luiz do , Batista Jacinto de Luna
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT One of the forms of integrated pest management is the rearing of insects using artificial diets. The Euborellia annulipes species has gained prominence for being voracious with its preys, demonstrating a potential for use in biological control programs. This study aimed to evaluate the biological development of the E. annulipes predator fed with artificial diets and E. kuehniella eggs. Newly hatched predator nymphs were separated into an experimental unit consisting of 5 insects, 10 replicates and 7 treatments. The instars duration, nymphal period and viability, postures, number of eggs per posture, period of pre-oviposition and egg incubation and egg viability were evaluated. There was no difference for the periods nymphal, pre-oviposition and incubation of E. annulipes eggs. Oviposition ranged from 23.8 to 73.0 eggs/posture, as a function of diet. Artificial diets based on E. kuehniella eggs can be used for rearing E. annulipes. However, reared eggs fed with rice flour should be avoided, because they reduce oviposition and influence the E. annulipes development.