bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of members’ lived experience in the evolution of online communities toward online communities of practice
Authors: Lejealle Catherine , Castellano Sylvaine , Khelladi Insaf
Published: October 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to explore how the lived experience of online communities’ participants makes these communities evolve into online communities of practice (CoPs).

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative research design was used among backpackers. Data on backpackers’ lived experience and interactions were collected.

Findings

The results suggest a process of how online communities can become genuine online CoPs, thanks to participants’ lived experience. Their activities (information search, perceived benefits and electronic word-of-mouth) result in knowledge sharing and creation. The findings also emphasize the roles of expertise and offline interactions as process moderators.

Research limitations/implications

This study focuses on one specific practice to conduct the research (i.e. backpacking), which limits the generalizability of the results.

Practical implications

This study offers several implications for companies and stakeholders. First, it describes how the lived experience transforms online communities into CoPs and helps stakeholders obtain knowledge for customers to innovate. Second, it analyzes the processes of participation, interaction and promotion to share and create knowledge for customers to increase stakeholders’ competitiveness. Third, this study integrates members’ offline interactions by highlighting their potential effects on tacit knowledge loss in online CoPs.

Originality/value

The literature posits that online communities may evolve into online CoPs through a three-stage hierarchical path, but the underlying mechanisms and members’ contributions to the process have been largely neglected in the literature.
Roles and emerging trends of academic libraries in Kenya
Authors: Otike Fredrick , Barát Ágnes Hajdu
Published: October 2021

Purpose

Due to globalization, digitization and advanced technology, academic libraries are experiencing a tremendous change in their role and operations. The purpose of this study is to critically examine and establish the emerging trends of academic libraries in Kenya; this study also highlights some of the critical roles of the academic libraries in relation to the emerging trends.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopted the literature review method to critically analyse and establish the various roles and emerging trends and issues in academic libraries in Kenya.

Findings

This study established that change is inevitable and that academic libraries are supposed to adapt to the emerging trending trends and roles, lest their function and service become redundant. Due to the fact that library users’ information needs and information-seeking behaviour are changing, academic libraries are supposed to devise new and innovative ways of reaching out to their clients.

Originality/value

This study has been able to comprehensively create a new viewpoint of the role and emerging trends of academic libraries in Kenya in regards to the changing and advancement of new technology.
Will preprint servers disrupt scientific publishing, reference work and information science?
Authors: Frederick Donna Ellen , Frederick Donna Ellen
Published: October 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to discuss whether preprint servers are a disruptive technology for science, librarians or information seeking among the general population.

Design/methodology/approach

This column explores what preprint servers are, how they are used in the world of science, how their usage changed in response to the deluge of COVID-19 related research papers and how they might impact the work of librarians and society in general.

Findings

Preprint servers are not a highly disruptive technology, but they do challenge both scientists and librarians to understand them better, use the information they find on them with care and educate society in general on topics such as peer review and the importance of using well-vetted, good quality science in making important decisions.

Originality/value

Up until the past year and a half, only a small segment of the librarian profession needed to be concerned with preprint servers. With the increasing presence of references to non-peer-reviewed articles from preprint servers in popular media reports, most librarians now need to know something about this technology. It is also useful to consider how the technology might benefit and create challenges for their work.
Transportation infrastructure asset management modeling using Markov decision process under epistemic uncertainties
Authors: Bai Yun , Babanajad Saeed , Bian Zheyong
Published: October 2021

Purpose

Transportation infrastructure asset management has long been an active but challenging problem for agencies, which urges to maintain a good state of their assets but faces budgetary limitations. Managing a network of transportation infrastructure assets, especially when the number is large, is a multifaceted challenge. This paper aims to develop a life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) based transportation infrastructure asset management analytical framework to study the impacts of a few key parameters/factors on deterioration and life-cycle cost. Using the bridge as an example infrastructure type, the framework incorporates an optimization model for optimizing maintenance, repair, rehabilitation (MR&R) and replacement decisions in a finite planning horizon.

Design/methodology/approach

The analytical framework is further developed through a series of model variations, scenario and sensitivity analysis, simulation processes and numerical experiments to show the impacts of various parameters/factors and draw managerial insights. One notable analysis is to explicitly model the epistemic uncertainties of infrastructure deterioration models, which have been overlooked in previous research. The proposed methodology can be adapted to different types of assets for solving general asset management and capital planning problems.

Findings

The experiments and case studies revealed several findings. First, the authors showed the importance of the deterioration model parameter (i.e. Markov transition probability). Inaccurate information of p will lead to suboptimal solutions and results in excessive total cost. Second, both agency cost and user cost of a single facility will have significant impacts on the system cost and correlation between them also influences the system cost. Third, the optimal budget can be found and the system cost is tolerant to budge variations within a certain range. Four, the model minimizes the total cost by optimizing the allocation of funds to bridges weighing the trade-off between user and agency costs.

Originality/value

On the path forward to develop the next generation of bridge management systems methodologies, the authors make an exploration of incorporating the epistemic uncertainties of the stochastic deterioration models into bridge MR&R capital planning and decision-making. The authors propose an optimization approach that does not only incorporate the inherent stochasticity of bridge deterioration but also considers the epistemic uncertainties and variances of the model parameters of Markovian transition probabilities due to data errors or modeling processes.
Nutrient cycling and self‐regulation determine food web stability
Authors: Theis Kevin , Quévreux Pierre , Loreau Michel
Published: October 2021

To understand ecosystems, an integrative approach combining functional ecology and community ecology is required. Nutrient cycling is a good example since it links each organism to the major flows of materials in ecosystems. Together with the demographic processes governing the mortality of organisms (and hence their nutrient losses) such as self‐regulation, nutrient recycling has a major impact on ecosystem dynamics and stability.

By considering stochastic perturbations in the vicinity of the equilibrium affecting the top species in a food chain, we assessed stability based on the temporal variability in the different compartments of the food chain for different recycling efficiencies and self‐regulation intensities.

Our results show that nutrient cycling always has a destabilising effect on perturbed species, while lower trophic levels are stabilised or destabilised depending on their trophic distance from the perturbed species. Thus, for species at odd distances from the top species, nutrient cycling is stabilising, whereas for species at even distances, nutrient cycling is destabilising. Self‐regulation generally stabilises systems, unless its effects are too strong. Finally, nutrient cycling and self‐regulation have opposite effects because nutrient cycling dampens the stabilising effect of self‐regulation.

Considering these two phenomena together is necessary to assess the effects of perturbations on species dynamics and thus to understand the overall response of ecosystems in the context of global changes.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
A Literature Review on Corporate Governance Mechanisms: Past, Present, and Future*
Authors: Di Vito Jackie , Trottier Kim
Published: October 2021

This study is a literature review on corporate governance. Its objective is to consolidate our knowledge in this field, examine its evolution, and propose avenues for future research. In our review of the past and present literature on various governance measures and their effect on firm performance, we find that the empirical results are mixed for many of the governance mechanisms studied. We propose that these mixed results may be due to applying a “one size fits all” set of governance measures, which is not effective for all types of firms due to the complexity of organizations and the differences in ownership structures. We therefore explore more technologically advanced methodologies, including machine learning. We believe that this line of research could not only improve and refine existing governance measures but also allow us to better target which set of mechanisms might be appropriate for a firm based on its particular characteristics. We encourage future researchers in corporate governance to consider this approach in order to shed light on and fill the gaps in this area of research.
Aggregate accounting earnings, special items and growth in gross domestic product: evidence from Australia
Authors: Zhang Lijuan , Fargher Neil
Published: October 2021

Macroeconomic analysts have been found to not take full account of aggregate accounting earnings when forecasting future growth in US gross domestic product (GDP). Using Australian data, we confirm this finding and find that the association between aggregate earnings and GDP growth is robust to inclusion of economic factors to capture the importance of the resources sector and the open nature of the Australian economy. We also find that this association is higher in the post‐IFRS period. Finally, we document that both aggregate earnings and negative special items are important for explaining future GDP growth and forecast errors.
Disparities between perceived and true outcomes of infants born at 23–25 weeks' gestation
Authors: Boland Rosemarie A. , Cheong Jeanie L.Y. , Stewart Michael J. , Kane Stefan C. , Doyle Lex W.
Published: October 2021

Background

Decision‐making for infants born at 23–25 weeks involves counselling parents about survival and major disability risks. Accurate information is needed for parents to make informed decisions about their baby’s care.

Aims

To determine if perinatal clinicians had accurate perceptions of outcomes of infants born at 23–25 weeks' gestation, and if accuracy had changed over a decade.

Materials and Methods

A web‐based survey was sent to midwives, nurses, neonatologists, and obstetricians working in tertiary and non‐tertiary hospitals, and the neonatal retrieval service in the state of Victoria in 2020. A similar survey had been completed in 2010. Clinicians’ estimates of survival and major neurodevelopmental disability rates were compared with true rates for actively managed infants overall, and by infant birthplace and gestational age, and professional workplace and discipline. Accuracy of outcomes was compared between eras.

Results

Overall, 165 surveys were received. Participants underestimated survival (absolute mean difference [%] −14.4%; [95% confidence interval (CI) −16.6 to −12.3]; P < 0.001) and overestimated major disability (absolute mean difference 32.7%; [95% CI 29.7 to 35.8]; P < 0.001) rates overall, and at each week of gestation, and were worse for outborn compared with inborn infants. Perceptions of clinicians in tertiary centres were similar to those of non‐tertiary clinicians. Nurses/midwives were more pessimistic, and paediatricians were more optimistic. Clinicians’ perceptions of outcome were less accurate in 2020 than in 2010.

Conclusions

Most perinatal clinicians underestimate survival and overestimate major disability of infants born at 23–25 weeks' gestation, which may translate into overly pessimistic counselling of parents.
Next‐generation sequencing and genotype association studies reveal the association of HLA‐DRB3*02:02 with delayed hypersensitivity to penicillins
Authors: Romano Antonino , Oussalah Abderrahim , Chery Celine , Guéant‐Rodriguez Rosa‐Maria , Gaeta Francesco , Cornejo‐Garcia Jose‐Antonio , Rouyer Pierre , Josse Thomas , Mayorga Cristobalina , Torres Maria‐Jose , Guéant Jean‐Louis
Published: October 2021

Background

Nonimmediate (delayed)‐allergic reactions to penicillins are common and some of them can be life‐threatening. The genetic factors influencing these reactions are unknown/poorly known/poorly understood. We assessed the genetic predictors of a delayed penicillin allergy that cover the HLA loci.

Methods

Using next‐generation sequencing (NGS), we genotyped the MHC region in 24 patients with delayed hypersensitivity compared with 20 patients with documented immediate hypersensitivity to penicillins recruited in Italy. Subsequently, we analyzed in silico Illumina Immunochip genotyping data that covered the HLA loci in 98 Spanish patients with delayed hypersensitivity and 315 with immediate hypersensitivity compared to 1,308 controls.

Results

The two alleles DRB3*02:02:01:02 and DRB3*02:02:01:01 were reported in twenty cases with delayed reactions (83%) and ten cases with immediate reactions (50%), but not in the Allele Frequency Net Database. Bearing at least one of the two alleles increased the risk of delayed reactions compared to immediate reactions, with an OR of 8.88 (95% CI, 3.37–23.32; p < .0001). The haplotype (ACAA) from rs9268835, rs6923504, rs6903608, and rs9268838 genetic variants of the HLA‐DRB3 genomic region was significantly associated with an increased risk of delayed hypersensitivity to penicillins (OR, 1.7; 95% CI: 1.06–1.92; p = .001), but not immediate hypersensitivity.

Conclusion

We showed that the HLA‐DRB3 locus is strongly associated with an increased risk of delayed penicillin hypersensitivity, at least in Southwestern Europe. The determination of HLA‐DRB3*02:02 alleles in the risk management of severe delayed hypersensitivity to penicillins should be evaluated further in larger population samples of different origins.
The stereospecific interaction sites and target specificity of cGMP analogs in mouse cortex
Authors: Rasmussen Michel , Welinder Charlotte , Schwede Frank , Ekström Per
Published: October 2021

cGMP interactors play a role in several pathologies and may be targets for cGMP analog‐based drugs, but the success of targeting depends on the biochemical stereospecificity between the cGMP‐analog and the interactor. The stereospecificity between general cGMP analogs—or such that are selectivity‐modified to obtain, for example, inhibitory actions on a specific target, like the cGMP‐dependent protein kinase—have previously been investigated. However, the importance of stereospecificity for cGMP‐analog binding to interactors is not known. We, therefore, applied affinity chromatography on mouse cortex proteins utilizing analogs with cyclic phosphate (8‐AET‐cGMP, 2‐AH‐cGMP, 2′‐AHC‐cGMP) and selectivity‐modified analogs with sulfur‐containing cyclic phosphorothioates (Rp/Sp‐8‐AET‐cGMPS, Rp/Sp‐2′‐AHC‐cGMPS) immobilized to agaroses. The results illustrate the cGMP analogs' stereospecific binding for PKG, PKA regulatory subunits and PKA catalytic subunits, PDEs, and EPAC2 and the involvement of these in various KEGG pathways. For the seven agaroses, PKG, PKA regulatory subunits, and PKA catalytic subunits were more prone to be enriched by 2‐AH‐, 8‐AET‐, Rp‐8‐AET‐, and Sp‐8‐AET‐cGMP, whereas PDEs and EPAC2 were more likely to be enriched by 2‐AH‐, Rp‐2′‐AHC‐, and Rp‐8‐AET‐cGMP. Our findings help elucidate the stereospecific‐binding sites essential for the interaction between individual cGMP analogs and cGMP‐binding proteins, as well as the cGMP analogs’ target specificity, which are two crucial parameters in drug design.
Therapeutic effect of steroids on vestibular neuritis: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kim Gaeun , Seo Jae‐Hyun , Lee Seung Jae , Lee Dong‐Hee
Published: October 2021

Objectives

The present meta‐analysis sought to assess further evidence for the efficacy of steroids in vestibular neuritis (VN).

Methods

The PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases were searched through 30 August 2019. The main outcome measure was dizziness handicap inventory (DHI) and secondary outcomes included complete caloric recovery and improvement of canal paresis (CP). The follow‐up times were divided into short, mid and long‐term.

Results

Among 276 records identified, 5 studies (n = 253) were included in the analysis. The therapeutic effect of steroid on VN was confirmed (Hedges’ g = 0.172, 95% CI 0.05–0.30, p = .006). Although there was no significant difference between steroids and control in the DHI score (Hedges’ g = −0.323, 95% CI −0.533 to −0.113, p < .01), significant effect was seen on complete caloric recovery and improvement in CP (Hedges’ g = 0.364, 95% CI 0.18–0.55, p < .0001; Hedges’ g = 0.592, 95% CI 0.32–0.59, p < .0001).

Conclusions

The results suggest that corticosteroids have an effect on the results of caloric tests for VN recovery, especially in long‐term follow‐up. However, in terms of dizziness handicap, we did not find any evidence of positive effect on corticosteroid. More data are required before recommendations can be made regarding management in patients on corticosteroids.
Obesity paradox in patients with chronic total occlusion of coronary artery
Authors: Tsai Chuan‐Tsai , Huang Wei‐Chieh , Lu Ya‐Wen , Teng Hsin‐I. , Huang Shao‐Sung , Tsai Yi‐Lin , Lee Wen‐Lieng , Lu Tse‐Min
Published: October 2021

Background

Obesity is associated with metabolic syndrome which increases further risk of coronary artery disease and adverse cardiovascular events. Impact of body mass index (BMI) on long‐term outcome in patients with coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO) is less clear.

Method and results

From January 2005 to November 2020, a total of 1301 patients with coronary angiographic confirmed CTO were enrolled in our study. Patients were divided into two groups: low BMI group: 18–24.99 kg/m2 and high BMI group ≥25 kg/m2. Clinical outcomes were 3‐year all‐cause mortality, 3‐year cardiovascular mortality and 3‐year non‐fatal myocardial infarct. During the 3‐year follow‐up period, all‐cause mortality was significantly higher in patients with low BMI group compared to those in high BMI groups (14% vs. 6%, p = .0001). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed patients with high BMI groups had significant better survival compared with those in low BMI group (p = .0001). In multivariate analysis, higher BMI was independently associated with decreased risk of 3‐year all‐cause mortality (Hazard ratio [HR]: 0.534; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.349–0.819, p = .004) after controlling for age, renal function, prior history of stroke, coronary artery bypass graft, co‐morbidities with peripheral arterial disease, heart failure and revascularization status for CTO. In propensity‐matched multivariate analysis, high BMI remained a significant predictor of 3‐year all‐cause mortality (HR, 0.525; 95% CI, 0.346–0.795, p = .002).

Conclusion

Higher BMI was associated with better long‐term outcome in patients with coronary CTO.
Serum neuron‐specific enolase: a new tool for seizure risk monitoring after status epilepticus
Authors: Hanin Aurélie , Demeret Sophie , Denis Jérôme Alexandre , Nguyen‐Michel Vi‐Huong , Rohaut Benjamin , Marois Clémence , Imbert‐Bismut Françoise , Bonnefont‐Rousselot Dominique , Levy Pierre , Navarro Vincent , Lambrecq Virginie
Published: October 2021

Background and purpose

There is a need for accurate biomarkers to monitor electroencephalography (EEG) activity and assess seizure risk in patients with acute brain injury. Seizure recurrence may lead to cellular alterations and subsequent neurological sequelae. Whether neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) and S100‐beta (S100B), brain injury biomarkers, can reflect EEG activity and help to evaluate the seizure risk was investigated.

Methods

Eleven patients, admitted to an intensive care unit for refractory status epilepticus, who underwent a minimum of 3 days of continuous EEG concomitantly with daily serum NSE and S100B assays were included. At 103 days the relationships between serum NSE and S100B levels and two EEG scores able to monitor the seizure risk were investigated. Biochemical biomarker thresholds able to predict seizure recurrence were sought.

Results

Only NSE levels positively correlated with EEG scores. Similar temporal dynamics were observed for the time courses of EEG scores and NSE levels. NSE levels above 17 ng/ml were associated with seizure in 71% of patients. An increase of more than 15% of NSE levels was associated with seizure recurrence in 80% of patients.

Conclusions

Our study highlights the potential of NSE as a biomarker of EEG activity and to assess the risk of seizure recurrence.
Axonal damage determines clinical disability in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP): A prospective cohort study of different CIDP subtypes and disease stages
Authors: Grüter Thomas , Motte Jeremias , Bulut Yesim , Kordes Anna , Athanasopoulos Diamantis , Fels Miriam , Schneider‐Gold Christiane , Gold Ralf , Fisse Anna Lena , Pitarokoili Kalliopi
Published: October 2021

Background and purpose

Monitoring of patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is challenging in daily medical practice because the interrelationship between clinical disability, CIDP subtype, and neuronal degeneration is still elusive. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to investigate the role of different electrophysiological variables in CIDP monitoring.

Methods

Comprehensive bilateral nerve conduction studies (NCS) and structured clinical examinations were performed in 95 patients with typical CIDP and CIDP variants (age at inclusion 58.6 ± 11.6 years; median [range] inflammatory neuropathy cause and treatment overall disability score (INCAT‐ODSS) 3 [0–9]), at time of first diagnosis in 25 of these patients (based on data from the prospective Immune‐mediated Neuropathies Biobank registry). After 12 months, 33 patients underwent follow‐up examination. Typical CIDP patients and patients with CIDP variants were characterized electrophysiologically and each individual NCS variable and the overall sum score for axonal damage and demyelination were then correlated to clinical disability scores (INCAT‐ODSS, modified Medical Research Council (MRS) sum score, and INCAT sensory score).

Results

As opposed to demyelination markers, the NCS axonal damage variable correlated strongly with disability at both first diagnosis and advanced disease stages in cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses. Distal compound muscle action potential amplitudes of the upper limbs were found to have the strongest correlation with overall clinical function. Typical and atypical CIDP variants had distinct electrophysiological characteristics but, in typical CIDP, axonal degeneration markers were more strongly associated with clinical disability.

Conclusions

Total disability is largely determined by the degree of axonal damage, especially in typical CIDP. Although most patients have symptoms predominantly in the legs, NCS of the upper limbs are essential for the monitoring of patients with CIDP and CIDP variants.
Effects of a supervised therapeutic exercise program on musculoskeletal health and gait in patients with haemophilia: A pilot study
Authors: Deniz Volkan , Guzel Nevin Atalay , Lobet Sébastien , Antmen Ali Bülent , Sasmaz Hatice Ilgen , Kilci Abdullah , Boyraz Omer Cumhur , Gunaştı Ozgür , Kurdak Sanli Sadi
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Episodes of bleeding in patients with haemophilia (PwH) are associated with haemophilic arthropathy, limitations in physical performance, reduced quality of life (QoL), and gait disorders.

Aim

This non‐randomized, controlled, interventional, prospective, single‐centre pilot study aimed to assess the effects of an 8‐week supervised therapeutic exercise program on musculoskeletal health, gait kinematic parameters (GKP), functional capacity, and QoL in adult PwH.

Methods

Nineteen PwH were allocated to an exercise group (n = 10) or a control group (n = 9). The patients in the exercise group followed an 8‐week supervised therapeutic exercise program. The Haemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS), a two‐dimensional video‐based gait kinematic analysis (2D‐GKA), the 6‐min walking test (6MWT), and the Haemophilia Quality of Life Questionnaire for Adults (Haem‐A‐Qol) were used as the outcome measures at baseline, after the exercise program (at the 8th week), and at the 6th‐month follow‐up.

Results

A significant improvement was observed in the exercise group in the HJHS‐Total and Haem‐A‐Qol Total scores and the 6MWT value after the exercise program. Moreover, the 2D‐GKA revealed improvement in most of the GKP (knee extension during the midstance and late swing phases, ankle dorsiflexion during the midstance phase, and ankle plantar flexion during the preswing phase). However, the gain obtained by the exercise program was not maintained at the 6th‐month follow‐up for the HJHS‐Total and Hem‐A‐QoL‐Total scores and GKP.

Conclusion

The 8‐week supervised therapeutic exercise program was successful in achieving improvement in joint health, GKP, functional capacity, and QoL in PwH.
Renal safety and biochemical changes for 2 years after switching to tenofovir alafenamide from long‐term other nucleotide analog treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Hosaka Tetsuya , Suzuki Fumitaka , Kobayashi Masahiro , Fujiyama Shunichirou , Kawamura Yusuke , Sezaki Hitomi , Akuta Norio , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Saitoh Satoshi , Arase Yasuji , Ikeda Kenji , Kobayashi Mariko , Kumada Hiromitsu
Published: October 2021

Background

Long‐term use of nucleotide analogs such as adefovir (ADV) or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) may cause renal impairment. Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) has less systemic exposure than TDF did. The aims were to examine longitudinal changes in renal function and biochemical parameters for 2 years after switching from long‐term ADV and TDF to TAF, and to explore factors associated with improved renal function after TAF in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Methods

The prospective observational cohort study included 306 patients with chronic hepatitis B who underwent switching from long‐term TDF or ADV to TAF. The primary outcome was the changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after TAF.

Results

Among 306 patients, 190 (65.3%) and 106 (34.7%) had chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 1–2 and 3a–4 at baseline. In patients with CKD stages 3a–4, the mean eGFR significantly increased until week 12 and plateaued from week 12 to year 2 (adjusted slope using linear mixed effect models: +9.01 ml/min/1.73 m2/year until week 12; p < 0.001). In contrast, the mean eGFR plateaued from baseline to year 2 in the CKD stages 1–2 subgroup. Multivariate logistic regression showed that baseline CKD stage ≥3a, steeper decline in eGFR 1 year before TAF, and shorter duration of any nucleotide analog use was significantly associated with ≥10% improvement in eGFR in year 1.

Conclusions

Switching from TDF or ADV to TAF resulted in favorable renal safety for 2 years. In CKD stage 3a–4 subgroup, eGFR after TAF was recovered in the first 12 weeks and subsequently stabilized.
Social engagement as a proto‐institution: Histories of institutional emergence in the Israeli higher education field
Authors: Sapir Adi
Published: October 2021

This paper aims to provide an historical perspective on the development of higher education's ‘third mission’ of social engagement. I explore how practices and structures of ‘social engagement’ emerged in the Israeli higher education field in the 1970s and early 1980s. Drawing on archival research in three universities' historical archives, and on the theoretical lens of neo‐institutional theory, I explore the origins and emergence of social engagement as a proto‐institution, that is, an institution in the making. My analysis suggests that the current dominant model of engagement in the Israeli field, based on one‐on‐one tutoring for scholarships, has come to marginalize other initiatives that were based on principles of social action. I show how the emergence of a new proto‐institution in an established field is shaped by processes of institutional work, through which actors create, maintain and disrupt institutions.
Value co‐creation and co‐destruction behaviour: Relationship with basic human values and personality traits
Authors: Ogunbodede Olabode , Papagiannidis Savvas , Alamanos Eleftherios
Published: October 2021

Service systems create value when actors exhibit behaviours expected to facilitate resource integration and could destroy value when actors do not exhibit the expected set of behaviours. This study seeks to determine which groups of values and individual traits facilitate consumer co‐creation and co‐destruction behaviours. A data set of 390 online survey responses from consumers in the United States was analysed using multiple regression. The analysis suggests that values which express self‐enhancement and openness‐to‐change are most likely to facilitate co‐destruction behaviour, while values which express self‐transcendence and conservation are most likely to facilitate co‐creation behaviour. With regards to traits, we find that neurotic traits are most likely to facilitate co‐destruction behaviour and least likely to facilitate co‐creation behaviours. Conscientious and agreeable traits are least likely to facilitate co‐destruction behaviours, while extraversion and openness traits are most likely to facilitate co‐creation behaviours. This study contributes to the literature by providing a better understanding of the consumer values and traits which facilitate co‐destruction and co‐creation behaviour. This study also shows that the basic human values circumplex structure can be divided to reflect co‐destruction and co‐creation values. The polar opposites of the big five personality traits can be classified based on their tendencies to co‐destroy or co‐create value.
High‐pressure processing at increased temperatures provides enhanced removal of indigenous microbial contamination in beet/carrot juice without damaging the bioactive components
Authors: Szwajgier Dominik , Baranowska‐Wójcik Ewa , Sosnowska Bożena , Kukula‐Koch Wirginia , Paduch Roman , Sokołowska Barbara , Waśko Adam , Solarska Ewa
Published: October 2021

In this study, an optimised high hydrostatic pressure process (600 MPa, 15 min, 55 and 65 °C) caused elimination of microbial levels in beetroot/carrot juice (80:20 v/v, pH 4.0) after 28 days of storage (4 °C) (psychrotrophic bacteria, yeast and mould counts below the limit of detection = 0 log cfu mL−1). Room temperature (20 °C) was insufficient for the complete elimination of psychrotrophic bacteria (0.9–2.0 log cfu mL−1 after 7–28 days of storage). No significant (P < 0.05) changes in the polyphenol content were observed (1.11 ± 0.13 in control vs. 1.13 ± 0.13 mg gallic acid mL−1 in samples treated at 65 °C). No significant (P < 0.05) changes in the antioxidant, antiradical activity and biological properties of the high‐pressure processing (HPP)‐treated juice were observed in the studies involving CCD 841 CoTr and HT29 cell lines. The HPLC‐MS analysis confirmed increase in isobetalain, decarboxybetalain and betalain content (by 100%, 14% and 10%) and loss of vulgaxanthin I (by 65%) after HPP at 65 °C. The innovative character of this paper stems from the comprehensive quality assessment (especially experiments involving cell lines) of high‐quality, safe beetroot–carrot juice that retains a major part of its bioactive compounds.
Stability of bioactive compounds in liposomes after pasteurisation and storage of functional chocolate milk
Authors: Marsanasco Marina , Alonso Silvia del V.
Published: October 2021

In the present study, liposomes with bioactive compounds (BC), vitamin E (VE) and vitamin C (VC), were characterised after pasteurisation and storage in chocolate milk. Liposomes were obtained using soy phosphatidylcholine (SPC), SPC with stearic acid (SA) or calcium stearate (CaS). Oxidative stability, size, shape and membrane packing were studied after pasteurisation and storage for 28 days at 4 °C. Oxidative stability was also studied after pasteurisation in extreme conditions: 6 months, 25 °C and light. The oxidative level determined in liposomes is much under the permitted limits, generating good quality food. SPC maintained stability in size, shape and membrane packing for 28 days at 4 °C. SPC:SA and SPC:CaS evidenced a decrease in liposomal aggregation and a higher membrane packing for 28 days at 4 °C, which favoured stability. These results were optimum because commercial functional milk must have a shelf life of 7 days at 4 °C. Pasteurised liposomes were incorporated in chocolate milk to study the sensory (after storage for 7 days at 4 °C) and microbiological stability. None of the liposomes contributed to the microbial load. SPC:SA presented high sensorial stability in the milk, being a potentially suitable medium to incorporate BC generating functional food.
Anti-inflammatory potential of Lactobacillus reuteri LM1071 via eicosanoid regulation in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells
Authors: Jang A-yeong , Rod-in Weerawan , Monmai Chaiwat , Sohn Minn , Kim Tae-rahk , Jeon Min-Gyu , Park Woo Jung
Published: October 2021

Aims

To investigate anti-inflammatory effects of Lactobacillus reuteri LM1071 in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced inflammation RAW264.7 cells.

Methods and Results

To evaluate anti-inflammatory activities of L. reuteri LM1071, LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells were used. Gene expression levels of eight immune-associated genes including IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and protein production levels of COX-1 and COX-2 were analysed. Moreover, the production of eicosanoids as important biomarkers for anti-inflammation was determined.

Conclusions

The current study demonstrates that L. reuteri LM1071 has anti-inflammatory potential by inhibiting the production of inflammation mediators such as NO, eicosanoids such as PGE1 & PGE2, pro-inflammatory cytokines and COX proteins. It can also enhance the production of inflammatory associated genes such as IL-11, BMP4, LEFTY2 and EET metabolite.

Significance and Impact of the Study

Lactobacillus reuteri is one of the crucial bacteria for food fermentation. It can be found in the gastrointestinal system of human and animals. Several studies have shown that L. reuteri has valuable effects on host health. The current study firstly demonstrated that L. reuteri has a beneficial effect on the inflammation containing the variation of eicosanoids (PGE1 and PGE2) which are one of the most important biomarkers and moreover eicosanoid-associated genes as well as proteins (COX-2).
Characterizing the direct care health workforce in the United States, 2010–2019
Authors: Jumabhoy Sara , Jung Hye‐Young , Yu Jiani
Published: October 2021

Background

To describe the growth and characteristics of the direct care health workforce, encompassing home health aides, personal care aides, nursing assistants, and orderlies and psychiatric aides from 2010 to 2019 in the United States.

Methods

Using nationally representative data from the 2010 to 2019 American Community Survey, we described the growth in the direct care health workforce overall and by type of direct care health worker. In addition, we examined the distribution of direct care workers by geographic region of the country, age categories, citizenship, world area of birth, income, health insurance status, and other characteristics.

Results

From 2010 to 2019, the number of direct care health workers in the United States per 10,000 individuals decreased slightly from 135.81 in 2010 to 133.78 in 2019. Personal care aides made up 42.1% of the direct care health workforce in 2019, followed by nursing assistants (39.5%) and home health aides (16.3%). In 2019, the number of direct care health workers who were not U.S. citizens accounted for roughly 10% of all workers in each year. The relative percentage of direct care health workers that were not a citizen of the United States was highest among home health aides (16.3%). Among workers born outside of the United States, the majority were from Latin America, followed by Asia.

Conclusion

From 2010 to 2019, there was little growth in the direct care health workforce despite growing demand for direct care health workers. In the midst of the current and projected shortage of direct care health workers—particularly during the COVID‐19 pandemic, longer‐term solutions to improve retention of direct care health workers and increase the supply of direct care health workers may be needed.
Burnout in MFT trainees: Impact of demands and resources
Authors: Glebova Tatiana , Lal Arpita , Girard Alix , Van Ligten Jessica
Published: October 2021

Burnout, defined as a state of physical, mental, and emotional exhaustion caused by involvement in emotionally demanding work, is an occupational risk of helping professions that has significant negative consequences. This study examined burnout among Couple/Marriage and Family Therapy (C/MFT) trainees and its association with various demands and resources at the individual and practice‐related levels as well as variables specific to their trainee status. Data came from an online study on 78 C/MFT trainees from 13 states enrolled in Couple and Family Therapy graduate programs nationwide. More than half of the participants reported various levels of burnout indicating that the issue of burnout merits the special attention of C/MFT educators and supervisors. All significant factors associated with burnout were related to the training context and included: supervision satisfaction, hours spent in a setting and caseload dissatisfaction. Findings and implications for supervision are discussed in the context of C/MFT training.
Updated review on prognostic factors in mycosis fungoides and new skin lymphoma trials
Authors: Farabi Banu , Seminario‐Vidal Lucia , Jamgochian Marielle , Akay Bengu Nisa , Atak Mehmet Fatih , Rao Babar K. , Karagaiah Priyanka , Grabbe Stephan , Goldust Mohamad
Published: October 2021

Background

Ten‐year survival rates in mycosis fungoides (MF) broadly varies, however, there is no standardized prognostic index available. This is presumably due to low prevalence, heterogeneity, and diagnostic challenges in MF. Recent studies have focused on identifying objective prognostic indices by using different parameters for survival determinants. The Cutaneous Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (CLIPI) and the Prospective Cutaneous Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (PROCLIPI) represent prototypical studies that identify prognostic factors, seeking to improve management and outcomes in early‐stage MF. Detecting these factors and stratifying MF patients according to their disease progression risk may help to manage these patients more efficiently.

Aims

Review the current literature to determine the risk factors determining prognosis in MF.

Methodology

A Comprehensive literature search was performed using electronic online databases "PubMed" and "Google Scholar" using key words ‘prognostic factor’, ‘prognostic indicator’, ‘mycosis fungoides’, ‘Sezary syndrome’, ‘Skin Lymphoma’, ‘Cutaneous Lymphoma’. Articles published in English language were considered for the review.

Results

The strongest prognostic factor in MF patients is the stage of the disease. T stage and the presence of extracutaneous disease are the most important factors for survival. Other factors that are associated with worse prognosis are male gender, age >60, presence of plaques, folliculotropism, eosinophilia and lymph node stage above N1/Nx. Elevated LDH was associated with later tumor stages and large cell phenotype at diagnosis had a better prognosis. KIR3DL2 was associated with malignant transformation.

Conclusion

The PROCLIPI study has assessed risk factors collected in MF patients from different countries and across different ethnicities following a rigorous clinicopathologic process. The findings presented here illustrated that disease prognosis in early stages depends on many contributing factors. Detection and stratification of such factors may allow a personalized approach to management of these patients.
Holding on and letting go: Views about filial piety among adult children living in New Zealand
Authors: Montayre Jed , Saravanakumar Padmapriya , Zhao Ivy , Holroyd Eleanor , Adams Jeffery , Neville Stephen
Published: October 2021

Aims and Objectives

The study aimed to explore the perspectives of adult children about late‐life living and care arrangements for their ageing immigrant parents living in New Zealand.

Background

Older immigrants’ well‐being is closely associated with filial relations and is often reliant on families as a main source of social, financial and emotional support. Research among migrant Asian adults has reported mixed findings regarding intergenerational perspectives of filial practices.

Design

Qualitative design using focused ethnographic lens.

Methods

Semi‐structured individual interviews were undertaken with 45 adult children of older immigrants living in New Zealand to explore their views about filial piety. The CoREQ checklist was used in reporting methods and findings.

Results

Two major themes were identified in this study of adult children's view of filial piety and late‐life care for their ageing parents. The first theme, ‘holding on—reconfiguring values’, referred to a process described by the participants as upholding the core values and cultural familial expectations, looking after their ageing parents, yet modifying the ways in which they provide care. The second major theme ‘letting go—reconfigured expectations’, described participants’ views of aged care for themselves, which meant they no longer held traditional values that needed to be enacted by their children.

Conclusions

Adult children from immigrant families were positioned as intermediaries of these shifting values of their own and within younger generations. The adult children's shift of thinking and acceptance of reconfigured expression of filial duties impact care and living arrangements of older people from immigrant and culturally diverse backgrounds, which also influences health and well‐being in later life.

Relevance to clinical practice

Healthcare professionals including nurses working in the ageing and aged care sector need to accommodate the changing generational perspectives about filial piety to cater to the unique late‐life care requirements and health needs of older people and their families.
Retinal defocus in myopes wearing dual‐focus zonal contact lenses
Authors: Singh Neeraj K , Meyer Dawn , Jaskulski Matt , Kollbaum Pete
Published: October 2021

Purpose

To evaluate the refractive impact of dual‐focus (DF) myopia control contact lenses (CLs) on accommodating young myopic adults.

Methods

Phase 1: accommodative accuracy was assessed in 40 myopic participants. Phase 2: a subset of four subjects who demonstrated accurate accommodation and six who chronically underaccommodated were fitted with single vision (SV, Proclear 1 day) and centre‐distance DF myopia control CLs (MiSight 1 day) with approximately +2.00 D of additional power in two surrounding annular zones. While binocularly viewing high contrast characters at 4.00, 1.00, 0.50, 0.33, 0.25 and 0.20 m, aberrometry data were captured across the central ±30° of the horizontal retina. Local refractive errors were pooled for each area of the pupil covered by the central distance or first annular defocus zone of the DF CLs.

Results

In the “good” accommodator group fitted with SV CLs, accommodative lags were generally absent except at the closest viewing distance (mean errors: −0.09 ± 0.22 D, −0.12 ± 0.26 D, −0.05 ± 0.37 D and +0.38 ± 0.54 D for −2.00, −3.00, −4.00 and −5.00 D target vergences, respectively) but significantly larger in the “poor” accommodating participants (+0.81 ± 0.21 D, +0.97 ± 0.27 D, +1.18 ± 0.39 D, +1.47 ± 0.55 D). For most viewing distances, hyperopic defocus observed in the region of the pupil covered by the first annular zone was replaced with myopic defocus when fitted with the DF CLs. Myopic defocus created by the first annular region was present across the central 30° of the retina.

Conclusions

Some young adult myopes chronically experience high levels of hyperopic defocus when viewing near targets, which was replaced by myopic defocus in the annular part of the pupil covered by the treatment zones when fitted with a centre‐distance myopia control DF CL.
To stay or leave: Public health nurse workforce retention in North Carolina
Authors: Watts Isley Jaimee , Little Susan H. , Sha Shuying , Vaughan Ellis , Wingate Katie , Aleshire Mollie E.
Published: October 2021

States across the country have been experiencing a steady decline in public health nursing workforce, including North Carolina (NC).

Objectives: To better understand retention in the NC Public Health Nurses (PHNs) workforce through an assessment of perceptions of the working environment, stress, intent to stay, and job satisfaction.

Design: A cross‐sectional online survey using closed and open‐ended questions.

Sample: The study population comprised of non‐supervisory PHNs (n = 672) working at NC local health departments (LHD).

Measurements: Retention problem, working environment, and job satisfaction measures were adapted from the revised Casey‐Fink Registered Nurse Retention Survey© (2009) to fit public health settings.

Results: Despite high levels of job satisfaction (79.76%, n = 473), 53% of respondents (n = 323) acknowledged a retention problem within their LHD; 35.32% (n = 203) planned to/considered leaving their position in the next 3 years for reasons other than retirement. ANOVAs and Kruskal Wallis Test results showed that those planning to leave had statistically lower scores on perceived working environment and job satisfaction and demonstrated higher negative stress levels.

Conclusion: Like other states, NC is experiencing a PHN shortages predicted to worsen in coming years. To retain the current workforce, LHDs need to work to improve PHNs working environment, increase PHNs’ pay, and alleviate stressors.