bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of major cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+) and anions (SO 42−, Cl−, NO 3−) on Ni accumulation and toxicity in aquatic plant (Lemna minor L.): Implications For Ni risk assessment
Authors: Gopalapillai Yamini , Hale Beverley , Vigneault Bernard
Published: January 2013

The effect of major cation activity (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+) on Ni toxicity, with dose expressed as exposure (total dissolved Ni concentration NiTot) or free Ni ion activity (in solution Ni2+), or as tissue residue (Ni concentration in plant tissue NiTiss) to the aquatic plant Lemna minor L. was examined. In addition, Ni accumulation kinetics was explored to provide mechanistic insight into current approaches of toxicity modeling, such as the tissue residue approach and the biotic ligand model (BLM), and the implications for plant Ni risk assessment. Major cations did not inhibit Ni accumulation via competitive inhibition as expected by the BLM framework. For example, Ca2+ and Mg2+ (sulfate as counter-anion) had an anticompetitive effect on Ni accumulation, suggesting that Ca or Mg forms a ternary complex with Ni–biotic ligand. The counter-anion of the added Ca (sulfate, chloride, or nitrate) affected plant response (percentage of root growth inhibition) to Ni. Generally, sulfate and chloride influenced plant response while nitrate did not, even when compared within the same range of Ca2+, which suggests that the anion dominated the observed plant response. Overall, although an effect of major cations on Ni toxicity to L. minor L. was observed at a physiological level, Ni2+ or NiTot alone modeled plant response, generally within a span of twofold, over a wide range of water chemistry. Thus, consideration of major cation competition for improving Ni toxicity predictions in risk assessment for aquatic plants may not be necessary. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:810–821. © 2013 SETAC
Validation of the Brazilian version of the Apathy Inventory
Authors: Stella Florindo , de Andrade Larissa Pires , Garuffi Marcelo , Vital Thays Martins , Hernández Salma Stephany Soleman , Ruocco Marcela , Sé Elisandra Villela Gasparetto , Klein Margarete , Martins Tânia , Robert Philippe H.
Published: January 2013

Background

Apathy is a frequent neuropsychiatric condition in neurodegenerative disorders, depression, and often in mild cognitive impairment. The Apathy Inventory (AI) is a reliable instrument for improving the accuracy of the apathy diagnosis. The aim was to establish the validity of the Apathy Inventory for the Brazilian community.

Methods

We established the concurrent validity, internal consistency, inter‐rater reliability, and the sensitivity and specificity of AI for the Brazilian community in a cohort of 175 individuals with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, mild cognitive impairment, and healthy controls. The three dimensions of the AI (emotional blunting, lack of initiative, and lack of interest) were compared with the Apathy domain of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory‐Clinician rating scale (NPI‐C) in an independent scheme.

Results

The analyses demonstrated high correlation coefficients in AI's individual dimensions and in AI‐total score (F = 0.965). Concerning the NPI‐C/Apathy domain, intra‐class correlation coefficients were also high (F = 0.977). Concurrent validity was high according to both raters on AI dimensions × NPI‐C/Apathy domain and regarding total score (rater 1: rho = 0.956 vs. rater 2: rho = 0.970). The internal consistency of the AI was also high concerning the AI's individual dimensions and total score (rater 1: 0.945 vs. rater 2: 0.958).

Conclusion

We observed high internal consistency, high concurrent validity, and inter‐rater reliability of the Apathy Inventory. In addition, we found that its sensitivity and specificity were high. We suggest that the Brazilian version of the Apathy Inventory would be an appropriate instrument to identify the apathy syndrome in Brazilian patients. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The neuroprotective role of endocannabinoids against chemical‐induced injury and other adverse effects
Authors: Zogopoulos Panagiotis , Vasileiou Ioanna , Patsouris Efstratios , Theocharis Stamatios
Published: January 2013

Considerable progress has been made, recently, in understanding the role of the endocannabinoid system in regard to neuroprotection. Endogenous cannabinoids have received increasing attention as potential protective agents in several cases of neuronal injury. The endocannabinoid system is comprised of cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2), their endogenous ligands (endocannabinoids) and proteins responsible for their metabolism. Endocannabinoids serve as retrograde signalling messengers in GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses, as well as modulators of post‐synaptic transmission, interacting with other neurotransmitters, including norepinephrine and dopamine. Furthermore, endocannabinoids modulate neuronal, glial and endothelial cell function and exert neuromodulatory, anti‐excitotoxic, anti‐inflammatory and vasodilatory effects. Physiological stimuli and pathological conditions lead to differential increases in brain endocannabinoids that regulate distinct biological functions. The purpose of this review is to present the available in vivo and in vitro experimental data, up to date, regarding the endocannabinoid system and its role in neuroprotection, as well as its possible therapeutic perspectives. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cystatin C and risk of hip fractures in older women
Authors: Ensrud Kristine E , Parimi Neeta , Cauley Jane A , Ishani Areef , Slinin Yelena , Hillier Teresa A , Taylor Brent C , Steffes Michael , Cummings Steven R ,   for the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF)
Published: January 2013

To test the hypothesis that older women with higher cystatin C are at increased risk of hip fracture independent of traditional risk factors including hip bone mineral density (BMD), we performed a case-cohort analysis nested in a cohort of 4709 white women attending a Year 10 (1997–1998) examination of the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures that included a random sample of 1170 women and the first 300 women with incident hip fracture occurring after Year 10 examination. Serum cystatin C and creatinine were measured in Year 10 sera. In a model adjusted for age, clinical site, body mass index, and total hip BMD, higher cystatin C was associated with an increased risk of hip fracture (p for linear trend 0.008) with women in quartile 4 having a 1.9-fold higher risk (hazard ratio [HR] 1.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24–2.95) compared with those in quartile 1 (referent group). Further adjustment for additional risk factors only slightly attenuated the association; the risk for hip fracture was 1.7-fold higher (HR 1.74; 95% CI, 1.11–2.72) in women in quartile 4 compared with those in quartile 1. In contrast, neither serum creatinine nor creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRCr) were associated with risk of hip fracture. Older women with higher cystatin C, but not higher serum creatinine or lower eGFRCr, have an increased risk of hip fracture independent of traditional risk factors. These findings suggest that cystatin C may be a promising biomarker for identification of older adults at high risk of hip fracture.
Collision‐induced dissociation study of poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) using survival yields and breakdown curves
Authors: Biri Bernadett , Nagy Lajos , Kuki Ákos , Tőke Enikő Rita , Deák György , Zsuga Miklós , Kéki Sándor
Published: January 2013

Poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline), a synthetic polymer was analysed by mass spectrometry using different ion sources. Two distributions could be identified in the mass spectra which related to two different polymer series (one with hydrogen and hydroxyl end‐groups and the other with methyl and hydroxyl end‐groups). The fragmentation behaviour of the protonated oligomers was studied in a quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (MS) with electrospray, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and direct analysis in real time soft ionization techniques. Three product ion series were identified in the MS/MS spectra independently of the ion source used. Based on the results, a mechanism was proposed for the dissociation by means of the accurate mass of the product ions, pseudo MS3 experiments and the energy dependence of the product ion intensity, i.e. breakdown curves. The survival yield method was used to highlight the correlation between the size of the oligomers and the laboratory frame collision energy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Model incorporating the ITPA genotype identifies patients at high risk of anemia and treatment failure with pegylated‐interferon plus ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Kurosaki Masayuki , Tanaka Yasuhito , Nishida Nao , Sakamoto Naoya , Enomoto Nobuyuki , Matsuura Kentaro , Asahina Yasuhiro , Nakagawa Mina , Watanabe Mamoru , Sakamoto Minoru , Maekawa Shinya , Tokunaga Katsushi , Mizokami Masashi , Izumi Namiki
Published: January 2013

This study aimed to develop a model for predicting anemia using the inosine triphosphatase (ITPA) genotype and to evaluate its relationship with treatment outcome. Patients with genotype 1b chronic hepatitis C (n = 446) treated with peg‐interferon alpha and ribavirin (RBV) for 48 weeks were genotyped for the ITPA (rs1127354) and IL28B (rs8099917) genes. Data mining analysis generated a predictive model for anemia (hemoglobin (Hb) concentration <10 g/dl); the CC genotype of ITPA, baseline Hb <14.0 g/dl, and low creatinine clearance (CLcr) were predictors of anemia. The incidence of anemia was highest in patients with Hb <14.0 g/dl and CLcr <90 ml/min (76%), followed by Hb <14.0 g/dl and ITPA CC (57%). Patients with Hb ≥14.0 g/dl and ITPA AA/CA had the lowest incidence of anemia (17%). Patients with two predictors (high‐risk) had a higher incidence of anemia than the others (64% vs. 28%, P < 0.0001). At baseline, the IL28B genotype was a predictor of a sustained virological response [adjusted odds ratio 9.88 (95% confidence interval 5.01–19.48), P < 0.0001]. In patients who achieved an early virological response, the IL28B genotype was not associated with a sustained virological response, while a high risk of anemia was a significant negative predictor of a sustained virological response [0.47 (0.24–0.91), P = 0.026]. For high‐risk patients with an early virological response, giving >80% of the planned RBV dose increased sustained virological responses by 24%. In conclusion, a predictive model incorporating the ITPA genotype could identify patients with a high risk of anemia and reduced probability of sustained virological response. J. Med. Virol. 85:449–458, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lack of association between hepatitis B virus pre‐S mutations and recurrence after surgical resection in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Heo Nae‐Yun , Lee Han Chu , Park Yoon Kyung , Park Jang Won , Lim Young‐Suk , Kim Kang Mo , Shim Ju Hyun , Lee Young‐Joo
Published: January 2013

Pre‐S mutation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is known to be a risk factor for hepatocarcinogenesis. A previous study suggested that pre‐S mutation(s) may associate with increased recurrence after surgical resection. In the present study, 64 patients with HBV‐related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were categorized into two groups according to the presence or absence of pre‐S mutation(s). The clinicopathological variables of the two groups were analyzed to assess the relationship between pre‐S mutations and postoperative recurrence. Nineteen patients (29.7%) had pre‐S mutations;13 had a pre‐S deletion, three had a pre‐S2 start codon mutation, two patients had both a pre‐S deletion, and a pre‐S2 start codon mutation, and one patient had a pre‐S2 insertion. The two groups did not differ in terms of baseline clinicopathological parameters. Cirrhosis and satellite lesion(s) were predictive factors for postoperative recurrence and poor overall survival. Recurrence‐free survival (P = 0.320) and overall survival (P = 0.238) did not differ significantly when pre‐S mutations were present. In conclusion, this study did not find evidence supporting the notion that pre‐S mutation(s) are associated with postoperative recurrence after surgical resection. J. Med. Virol. 85:589–596, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
One‐phonon resonant electron Raman scattering in a cylindrical GaAs/AlAs quantum dot
Authors: Zhong Qing‐Hu , Wang Rui‐Qiang , Hu Liang‐Bin , Yan Yu‐Zhen , Bu Shou‐Liang , Yi Xue‐Hua
Published: January 2013

We have presented a theoretical calculation of the differential cross section for the electron Raman scattering process associated with the interface optical phonon modes in cylindrical GaAs quantum dots (QDs) with a AlAs matrix. We consider the Fröhlich electron–phonon interaction in the framework of the dielectric continuum approach. The selection rules for the processes are studied. Singularities are found to be sensitively size‐dependent, and, by varying the size of the QDs, it is possible to control the frequency shift in the Raman spectra. A discussion of the phonon behavior for QDs with different size is presented. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sagittal fresh blood imaging with interleaved acquisition of systolic and diastolic data for improved robustness to motion
Authors: Atanasova Iliyana P. , Kim Daniel , Storey Pippa , Rosenkrantz Andrew B. , Lim Ruth P. , Lee Vivian S.
Published: January 2013

Purpose:

To improve robustness to patient motion of “fresh blood imaging” (FBI) for lower extremity noncontrast MR angiography.

Methods:

In FBI, two sets of three‐dimensional fast spin echo images are acquired at different cardiac phases and subtracted to generate bright‐blood angiograms. Routinely performed with a single coronal slab and sequential acquisition of systolic and diastolic data, FBI is prone to subtraction errors due to patient motion. In this preliminary feasibility study, FBI was implemented with two sagittal imaging slabs, and the systolic and diastolic acquisitions were interleaved to minimize sensitivity to motion. The proposed technique was evaluated in volunteers and patients.

Results:

In 10 volunteers, imaged while performing controlled movements, interleaved FBI demonstrated better tolerance to subject motion than sequential FBI. In one patient with peripheral arterial disease, interleaved FBI offered better depiction of collateral flow by reducing sensitivity to inadvertent motion.

Conclusions:

FBI with interleaved acquisition of diastolic and systolic data in two sagittal imaging slabs offers improved tolerance to patient motion. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Damping analysis of polyurethane/polyacrylate interpenetrating polymer network composites filled with graphite particles
Authors: Liu Meiju , Song Guojing , Yi Jin , Xu Yonggang
Published: January 2013

The graphite‐filled polyurethane/poly(methyl methacrylate‐butyl methacrylate) (PU/P(MMA‐BMA)) semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) were synthesized by sequential method. The influences of graphite particle content and size on the 60/40 PU/P(MMA‐BMA) IPNs were studied. The damping properties of IPN composites were evaluated by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMA) and cantilever beam resonance methods. The mechanical performances were investigated using tensile and hardness devices. DMA results revealed that the incorporation of graphite particles improved damping properties of IPNs significantly. The 5% graphite‐filled IPN composite exhibited the widest temperature range and the highest loss factor (tan δ) when the test frequency was 1 Hz. As to the damping properties covering a wide frequency range from 1 to 3,000 Hz, the addition of graphite particles broadened the damping frequency range (Δf, where tan δ is above 0.3) and increased the tan δ value of IPNs. Among them, the composite with 7.5% graphite showed the best damping capacity. And the hardness and the tensile strength of IPN composites were also improved significantly. POLYM. COMPOS., 2013 © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Characterizing elastic properties of carbon nanotube‐based composites by using an equivalent fiber
Authors: Jam J.E. , Pourasghar A. , kamarian S. , Maleki Sh.
Published: January 2013

Effective elastic properties for carbon nanotube (CNT)‐reinforced composites are obtained through a variety of micromechanics techniques. An embedded CNT in a polymer matrix and its surrounding interphase is replaced with an equivalent fiber for predicting the mechanical properties of the CNT/polymer composite. Formulas to extract the effective material constants from solutions for the representative volume element under three loading cases are derived based on the elasticity theory. The effects of an interphase layer between the nanotubes and the polymer matrix as result of effective interphase layer are also investigated. Furthermore, this research is aimed at characterizing the elastic properties of CNTs‐reinforced composites using Eshelby–Mori–Tanaka approach based on an equivalent fiber. The variations of mechanical properties with tube radius, interphase thickness, and degree of aggregation are investigated. It is shown that the presence of aggregates has stronger impact than the interphase thickness on the effective modulus of the composite. This is because aggregates have significantly lower modulus than individual CNTs. POLYM. COMPOS., 2013 © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Stress profiles around broken fibers in unidirectional composites using influence superimposition technique
Authors: Wang Fang , Zhang Xiaoqi , Chen Zhiqian , Li Lu , Shao Jiaxing
Published: January 2013

The stress transfer from broken to its unbroken adjacent neighboring fibers in unidirectional fibrous composites under a tensile loading applied in the fiber axis is analyzed using a two‐dimensional (2D) shear lag model. The numerical solutions to the governing equations is greatly simplified by the assumptions that the displacements perpendicular to the fiber direction can be ignored, and the axial displacements are uniform over the cross section of any fiber. Using an influence function superimposition technique, closed‐form analytical expressions are used to predict stress profiles in both the fiber and matrix because of any number and arbitrary array of fiber breaks in the presence of matrix shear failure. These are compared to stress concentrations predicted using the finite element analysis (FEA). It is shown that the 2D modeling presented here does generalize the governing equations to include interactions with multiple damage events. The micromechanical model is vital to develop the basic mechanics that are necessary to understand failure behavior of the composite produced by the failure of one or more of its components. POLYM. COMPOS., 2013 © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Failure to identify antenatal multiple congenital contractures and fetal akinesia – proposal of guidelines to improve diagnosis
Authors: Filges Isabel , Hall Judith G.
Published: January 2013

Objective

The aim of this study is to assess the rate of prenatal detection of multiple congenital contractures, to identify reasons for the failure of prenatal diagnosis and to propose the first guidelines to improve prenatal diagnosis.

Method

We evaluated records on 107 individuals recognized at birth to have Amyoplasia. We reviewed the literature on the onset and development of fetal activity, antenatal clinical signs in fetal movement disorders, prenatal studies of fetal movement and contractures by ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and existing guidelines.

Result

In 73.8%, the diagnosis was missed prenatally. Correct diagnosis was achieved by the identification of bilateral clubfeet on ultrasound or because mothers perceived reduced fetal movement. Ultrasound would be able to visualize contractures, joint positioning, the quality of fetal movements, lung size, muscle tissue, and bone growth in the first or early second trimester. MRI results are promising. Guidelines for assessing early fetal movement do not exist.

Conclusion

Prenatal detection rate of multiple congenital contractures is appalling. Failure of diagnosis precludes further etiologic and diagnostic workup and deprives families of making informed pregnancy choices. Standards for prenatal diagnosis are lacking, but on the basis of current knowledge and expert opinion, we propose the first guidelines for a prenatal diagnostic strategy, discuss future directions and the need for multicentric studies. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calendar time‐specific propensity scores and comparative effectiveness research for stage III colon cancer chemotherapy
Authors: Mack Christina DeFilippo , Glynn Robert J. , Brookhart M. Alan , Carpenter William R. , Meyer Anne Marie , Sandler Robert S. , Stürmer‎ Til
Published: January 2013

Purpose

Nonexperimental studies of treatment effectiveness provide an important complement to randomized trials by including heterogeneous populations. Propensity scores (PSs) are common in these studies but may not adequately capture changes in channeling experienced by innovative treatments. We use calendar time‐specific (CTS) PSs to examine the effect of oxaliplatin during dissemination from off‐label to widespread use.

Methods

Stage III colon cancer patients aged 65+ years initiating chemotherapy between 2003 and 2006 were examined using cancer registry data linked with Medicare claims. Two PS approaches for receipt of oxaliplatin versus 5‐flourouricil were constructed using logistic models with key components of age, sex, substage, grade, census‐level income, and comorbidities: (i) a conventional, year‐adjusted PS and (ii) a CTS PS constructed and matched separately within 1‐year intervals, then combined. We compared PS‐matched hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality using Cox models.

Results

Oxaliplatin use increased significantly; 8% (n = 86) of patients received it in the first time period versus 52% (n = 386) in the last. Channeling by comorbidities, income, and age appeared to change over time. The CTS PS improved covariate balance within calendar time strata and yielded an attenuated estimated benefit of oxaliplatin (HR = 0.75) compared with the conventional PS (HR = 0.69).

Conclusion

In settings where prescribing patterns have changed and calendar time acts as a confounder, a CTS PS can characterize changes in treatment choices and estimating separate PSs within specific calendar time periods may result in enhanced confounding control. To increase validity of comparative effectiveness research, researchers should carefully consider drug lifecycles and effects of innovative treatment dissemination over time. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The mapping of linear B‐cell epitope regions in the extracellular parts of the desmoglein 1 and 3 proteins: recognition of immobilized peptides by pemphigus patients' serum autoantibodies
Authors: Szabados Hajnalka , Bősze Szilvia , Silló Pálma , Kárpáti Sarolta , Hudecz Ferenc , Uray Katalin
Published: January 2013

Desmosomal transmembrane glycoproteins desmogleins (Dsg) 1 and 3 are targets of life‐threatening autoimmune blistering disorders such as Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and Pemphigus foliaceus (PF). In these diseases, pemphigus autoantibodies are produced against Dsg1 and Dsg3 proteins. The autoantibodies bind to these transmembrane elements leading to a loss of desmosomal cell–cell adhesion and clinically, to the presence of blisters and erosions. Identification, characterization, and detailed analysis of the binding sites of autoantibodies have an outstanding importance in understanding the immunopathology of the disease and also in the design of novel diagnostics.

Here, we describe the localization of the B‐cell epitope regions of Dsg1 and Dsg3 proteins' extracellular parts recognized by IgG‐type serum autoantibodies of patients with PV and PF. In our study, overlapping pentadecapeptides were synthesized on hydroxypropyl methacrylate pins based on the results of in silico predictions. To detect the interaction between the serum autoantibodies and the immobilized synthetic peptides, modified Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was performed with pin‐attached peptides testing the serum samples of ten patients and four healthy donors. We identified five possible epitope regions (aa86‐110, aa196‐220, aa226‐250, aa326‐340, and aa486‐520) within the extracellular part of the Dsg1 and four possible epitope regions (aa64‐78, aa330‐344, aa375‐399, and aa446‐460) within that of the Dsg3 protein sequence using these methods. Our data showed that serum autoantibodies of patients, previously identified as Dsg1 and Dsg3 positive, are able to recognize continuous linear epitope regions of both Dsg1 and Dsg3 proteins using pin‐bound overlapping peptides in modified ELISAs. Copyright © 2013 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Excitation‐energy‐dependent photoluminescence in glassy As–S and crystalline As2S3
Authors: Tanaka Keiji
Published: January 2013

magnified image

Photoluminescence in a chalcogenide glass system As–S and a related crystal As2S3 (orpiment) has been studied with respect to excitation spectra, temperature dependence, and sample varieties. The crystal exhibits the strongest luminescence, and in the glass system, luminescence is the most intense at the stoichiometric composition As2S3. Luminescence characteristics in the As–S glasses are substantially different under excitation of bandgap and subgap light, which seem to be governed, respectively, by spatially extended electronic relaxation and direct excitation to the gap state that produces weak absorption tails.
Corrected profile likelihood confidence interval for binomial paired incomplete data
Authors: Pradhan Vivek , Menon Sandeep , Das Ujjwal
Published: January 2013

Clinical trials often use paired binomial data as their clinical endpoint. The confidence interval is frequently used to estimate the treatment performance. Tanget al.(2009) have proposed exact and approximate unconditional methods for constructing a confidence interval in the presence of incomplete paired binary data. The approach proposed by Tanget al.can be overly conservative with large expected confidence interval width (ECIW) in some situations. We propose a profile likelihood‐based method with a Jeffreys' prior correction to construct the confidence interval. This approach generates confidence interval with a much better coverage probability and shorter ECIWs. The performances of the method along with the corrections are demonstrated through extensive simulation. Finally, three real world data sets are analyzed by all the methods. Statistical Analysis System (SAS) codes to execute the profile likelihood‐based methods are also presented. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chrysin and Luteolin Attenuate Diabetes‐Induced Impairment in Endothelial‐Dependent Relaxation: Effect on Lipid Profile, AGEs and NO Generation
Authors: El‐Bassossy Hany M. , Abo‐Warda Shaymaa M. , Fahmy Ahmed
Published: January 2013

Chrysin and luteolin are two important plant flavonoids. In the present study, we hypothesized that they protect against deleterious vascular effects of diabetes. Diabetes was induced in rats by streptozotocin (STZ) injection, while chrysin and luteolin were administered two weeks after STZ administration for 6 weeks. Then, blood pressure (BP) and serum levels of glucose, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein–cholesterol (LDL‐C) were determined. Concentration response curves for KCl, phenylephrine (PE), acetylcholine (ACh) and ACh‐induced NO generation were obtained in isolated aorta. Compared with control, diabetes increased diastolic and systolic BP, while chrysin and luteolin attenuated diastolic BP elevation without affecting the developed hyperglycemia. Diabetes increased contractile response of aorta to KCl, PE, decreased relaxation response to ACh, while chrysin and luteolin prevented the impaired response to ACh. In addition, diabetes was accompanied by elevated levels of TGs, total and LDL cholesterol, while both chrysin and luteolin prevented this dyslipidemia. Furthermore, chrysin decreased the elevated AGEs level in serum of diabetic animals, while luteolin abrogated the impaired NO generation in diabetic aorta. Collectively, chrysin and luteolin attenuate diabetes‐evoked impairment in endothelial‐dependent relaxation possibly via ameliorating detrimental changes in lipid profile, AGEs and NO generation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient blue‐emitting Ir(III) complexes with phenyl‐methyl‐benzimidazolyl and picolinate ligands: A DFT and time‐dependent DFT study
Authors: Song Ming‐Xing , Hao Zhao‐Min , Wu Zhi‐Jian , Song Shu‐Yan , Zhou Liang , Deng Rui‐Ping , Zhang Hong‐Jie
Published: January 2013

The series of heteroleptic cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes for organic light‐emitting display application have been investigated theoretically to explore their electronic structures and spectroscopic properties. The geometries, electronic structures, and the lowest‐lying singlet absorptions and triplet emissions of Ir‐(pmb)3 and theoretically designed models Ir‐(Rpmb)2pic were investigated with density functional theory (DFT)‐based approaches, where pmb = phenyl‐methyl‐benzimidazolyl, pic = picolinate, and R = H/F. Their structures in the ground and excited states have been optimized at the DFT/B3LYP/LANL2DZ and TDDFT/B3LYP/LANL2DZ levels, and the lowest absorptions and emissions were evaluated at B3LYP and M062X level of theory, respectively. The mobility of holes and electrons were studied computationally based on the Marcus theory. Calculations of ionization potentials were used to evaluate the injection abilities of holes into these complexes. The reasons for the higher electroluminescence efficiency and phosphorescence quantum yields in Ir‐(Rpmb)2pic than in Ir‐(pmb)3 have been investigated. The designed moleculars are expected to be highly emissive in pure‐blue region. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fock space multireference coupled cluster theory: Study of shape resonance
Authors: Bhattacharya Sumantra , Vaval Nayana , Pal Sourav
Published: January 2013

The complex absorbing potential along with correlated independent particle potential (CIP) Fock space multireference coupled cluster method is used for the study of resonances. We have studied shape resonance of e−‐ F2, e−‐ N2O and e−‐CO molecules. In particular, we have studied e−‐ F2 scattering at different bond lengths to know whether
$ {\rm F}_2^- $
is bound at the equilibrium bond length of F2. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Associations between Confidentiality Requirements, Support Seeking and Burnout among University Hospital Physicians in Norway, Sweden, Iceland and Italy (the HOUPE study)
Authors: Løvseth Lise Tevik , Fridner Ann , Jónsdóttir Lilja Sigrun , Marini Massimo , Linaker Olav Morten
Published: January 2013

Concerns about protecting patient's privacy are experienced as a limitation in the opportunity to obtain and utilize social support by many physicians. As resources of social support can modify the process of burnout, patient confidentiality may increase risk of this syndrome by interfering with proper stress adaptation. This study investigates if experiencing limitations in seeking social support due to confidentiality concerns are associated with burnout. University hospital physicians in four European countries completed measures of burnout, (Index) of Confidentiality as a Barrier for Support (ICBS), and factors of social resources and job demands. Linear regression analysis showed that ICBS was significantly associated with the burnout dimension of Exhaustion and not with Disengagement. These findings were present when controlling for factors known to diminish or increase the likelihood of burnout. These results are the first to demonstrate that patient confidentiality is associated with burnout in the process of stress management among physicians. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Motivating Adult Children to Provide Support to a Family Caregiver
Authors: Gopalan Neena , Miller Megan M. , Brannon Laura A.
Published: January 2013

This study compared altruistically and egoistically framed messages for encouraging adult children to support a parent providing care for an elderly relative. Undergraduate students imagined their mother filling a caregiving role while reading a message about family caregiving and the physical and psychological stresses it involves. The message encouraged participants to support the caregiver either for altruistic (other‐oriented) or egoistic (self‐oriented) reasons. Thereafter, participants completed self‐assessment surveys of attachment style and willingness to provide support. Securely attached (less self‐oriented) participants were not differentially influenced by the two messages. However, insecurely attached (more self‐oriented) participants were more willing to help if they received the egoistic message than if they received the altruistic message. Thus, knowledge of a family member's attachment style can be useful for selecting an appropriate method for encouraging caregiver support. Whereas the type of message used does not matter for securely attached individuals, an egoistically framed message may be more influential than an altruistically framed message among insecurely attached individuals. It is important that clinicians work with families to establish appropriate levels of individual commitment to caregiving responsibilities or supportive behaviours such that involvement is beneficial to the health of the caregiver, the care recipient and supporters. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of pitch system data for condition monitoring
Authors: Nielsen Jannie S. , van de Pieterman René P. , Sørensen John D.
Published: January 2013

Measurements of pitch motor torque and current give indirect information about the condition of the pitch system and can therefore potentially be used for condition‐based maintenance. This paper presents an analysis of these measurements for a wind turbine, and the measurements are compared with a theoretical model based on aeroelastic simulations. The blade moment is found to have only minor influence on the friction in the blade bearing. The main factors affecting the static friction are the temperature and time after the latest pitch movement. Pitch motor current and torque are proportional at a constant pitch velocity, but the 10 min maximum values are only approximately proportional, because the maximum values occur during acceleration and not simultaneously. These findings are important to consider, if using the pitch motor current or torque as an indicator for the pitch system health is considered. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wyndell Merritt Immediate Controlled Active Motion (ICAM) Protocol following Extensor Tendon Repairs in Zone IV–VII: Review of Literature, Orthosis Design, and Case Study—A Multimedia Article
Authors: Burns Mary C. , Derby Brian , Neumeister Michael W.
Published: January 2013

Background

Controlled post-operative motion of extensor tendon repairs in zones IV-VII is intended to facilitate tendon excursion and minimize adhesion formation. The Wyndell Merritt “relative motion” digital yoke orthosis provides a low-profile option allowing for immediate controlled active motion (ICAM) of the extensor tendon repair. The addition of a multimedia manuscript demonstrating the manufacturing of the Wyndell Merritt digital yoke orthosis may complement current literature on this topic.

Methods

Two case studies demonstrating the use of the Wyndell Merritt ICAM digital yoke orthosis without wrist immobilization following zone V extensor tendon repair are presented. A literature review was completed. A video was produced highlighting fabrication of the digital yoke orthosis as well as video documentation of case study 1.

Results

Case study 1 demonstrated mild limitations in metacarpophalangeal (MP) flexion at 5-week follow-up that resolved by 6 weeks. MP hyperextension was attainable for all digits at 5 weeks. Grip strength was comparable to the contralateral uninjured hand at 10 weeks. The second patient achieved normal composite flexion/extension by 4 weeks. Attainment of normal hyperextension at the MP joints and grip strength for case study 2 was unknown, as the patient was lost to follow-up.

Conclusion

The Wyndell Merritt ICAM digital yoke orthosis, fabricated with or without wrist immobilization, appears to facilitate the return of normal extensor tendon function after repair in zones IV through VII while minimizing morbidity to adjacent digits. This protocol provides a safe, low-profile, cost-effective alternative for post-operative treatment of zone IV-VII extensor tendon repairs.
Physical activity and patient-reported outcomes: enhancing impact
Authors: Culos-Reed S. Nicole , Capozzi Lauren
Published: January 2013

Physical activity (PA) is beneficial for cancer survivors across the cancer trajectory. Evidence indicates physical and psychosocial benefits, and ultimately, enhanced overall quality of life, for individuals who are more versus less active (Semin Oncol Nurs 23:285–296, 2007; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 14:1672–1680, 2005; J Cancer Surviv 4:87–100, 2010). A number of recent reviews have been conducted that examine different patient or survivor populations and outcomes. In general, the findings across the reviews reveal potential positive associations between exercise (structured activity one engages in for the purposes of enhancing health-related fitness outcomes) and PA (any physical movement, including lifestyle types of activity) with both physical and psychological outcomes. It is important to note, however, that depending on the nature of the review and the types of studies included in the review, the strength of the findings (i.e., effect size) vary. Despite this overwhelmingly positive evidence for the benefits of PA, activity levels are very low among cancer survivors, with one study reporting only 22 % of survivors as active enough to achieve health benefits (Cancer 112(11):2475–2482, 2008). This suggests that we must begin to better understand the factors that impact the uptake and maintenance of PA among cancer survivors. These potential factors are important when considering the patient-reported outcomes to assess and can include timing (i.e., during or after treatment completion), characteristics of the cancer diagnosis and subsequent treatments (i.e., early vs. late stage cancers), and characteristics of the individual (i.e., older vs. younger).
Quaternary structure of human, Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans MFE‐2 in solution from synchrotron small‐angle X‐ray scattering
Authors: Mehtälä Maija L. , Haataja Tatu J.K. , Blanchet Clément E. , Hiltunen J. Kalervo , Svergun Dmitri I. , Glumoff Tuomo
Published: January 2013

DmMFE‐2
and
DmMFE‐2
bind by x ray scattering (View interaction)
Expression of Sox4 and Sox11 is regulated by multiple mechanisms during retinal development
Authors: Usui Ayumi , Iwagawa Toshiro , Mochizuki Yujin , Iida Atsumi , Wegner Michael , Murakami Akira , Watanabe Sumiko
Published: January 2013

Sox11 and Sox4 play critical roles in retinal development, during which they display specific and unique expression patterns. The expression of Sox11 and Sox4 is temporally sequential, albeit spatially overlapping in some retinal subtypes. Gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function analyses suggested that Notch signaling suppresses Sox4 expression in the early developing retina but not during the later period of development. The levels of histone H3‐acetylation and H3‐lysine 4 tri‐methylation at the Sox11 locus declined during development, as did the levels of Sox11. A similar but less marked change was seen for Sox4. For both genes, histone H3‐lysine 27 methylation was low during development and increased markedly in the adult.
The worldwide economic impact of dementia 2010
Authors: Wimo Anders , Jönsson Linus , Bond John , Prince Martin , Winblad Bengt ,   Alzheimer Disease International
Published: January 2013

Objective

To acquire an understanding of the societal costs of dementia and how they affect families, health and social care services, and governments to improve the lives of people with dementia and their caregivers.

Methods

The basic design of this study was a societal, prevalence‐based, gross cost‐of‐illness study in which costs were aggregated to World Health Organization regions and World Bank income groupings.

Results

The total estimated worldwide costs of dementia were US$604 billion in 2010. About 70% of the costs occurred in western Europe and North America. In such high‐income regions, costs of informal care and the direct costs of social care contribute similar proportions of total costs, whereas the direct medical costs were much lower. In low‐ and middle‐income countries, informal care accounts for the majority of total costs; direct social care costs are negligible.

Conclusions

Worldwide costs of dementia are enormous and distributed inequitably. There is considerable potential for cost increases in coming years as the diagnosis and treatment gap is reduced. There is also likely to be a trend in low‐ and middle‐income countries for social care costs to shift from the informal to the formal sector, with important implications for future aggregated costs and the financing of long‐term care. Only by investing now in research and the development of cost‐effective approaches to early diagnosis and care can future societal costs be anticipated and managed.
The global prevalence of dementia: A systematic review and metaanalysis
Authors: Prince Martin , Bryce Renata , Albanese Emiliano , Wimo Anders , Ribeiro Wagner , Ferri Cleusa P.
Published: January 2013

Background

The evidence base on the prevalence of dementia is expanding rapidly, particularly in countries with low and middle incomes. A reappraisal of global prevalence and numbers is due, given the significant implications for social and public policy and planning.

Methods

In this study we provide a systematic review of the global literature on the prevalence of dementia (1980–2009) and metaanalysis to estimate the prevalence and numbers of those affected, aged ≥60 years in 21 Global Burden of Disease regions.

Results

Age‐standardized prevalence for those aged ≥60 years varied in a narrow band, 5%–7% in most world regions, with a higher prevalence in Latin America (8.5%), and a distinctively lower prevalence in the four sub‐Saharan African regions (2%–4%). It was estimated that 35.6 million people lived with dementia worldwide in 2010, with numbers expected to almost double every 20 years, to 65.7 million in 2030 and 115.4 million in 2050. In 2010, 58% of all people with dementia lived in countries with low or middle incomes, with this proportion anticipated to rise to 63% in 2030 and 71% in 2050.

Conclusion

The detailed estimates in this study constitute the best current basis for policymaking, planning, and allocation of health and welfare resources in dementia care. The age‐specific prevalence of dementia varies little between world regions, and may converge further. Future projections of numbers of people with dementia may be modified substantially by preventive interventions (lowering incidence), improvements in treatment and care (prolonging survival), and disease‐modifying interventions (preventing or slowing progression). All countries need to commission nationally representative surveys that are repeated regularly to monitor trends.
Sequence effects in service bundles: Implications for service design and scheduling
Authors: Dixon Michael , Verma Rohit
Published: January 2013

Researchers in several academic disciplines have investigated the effect of the sequence of pleasure and pain on the customer in service, experience, or healthcare‐related interactions. Specifically, past research from psychology, behavioral economics, and other related fields suggests that the sequence effect can significantly impact a customer's overall impression of a service interaction. In this article, we test the influence that the sequence of discrete events separated by several days or weeks plays on customers’ assessment of service bundles. If the relative importance of the sequence effect for discrete bundles is known, then a service designer and event scheduler can optimize and develop a better sequence of interactions for the customers, leading to higher satisfaction, loyalty, and repurchase. Using an extensive multi‐year ticket purchase database from a world‐renowned performing arts venue, we develop and test econometric models to predict season ticket subscription repurchase. The estimated models show that sequence effects do indeed play a significant role in determining customer repurchase of subscriptions. These results have important implications for effective service design and capacity planning for a wide range of service industries. This article suggests both managerial implications and future research opportunities related to sequence effects in service operations.
A novel fatty acid lipophilic index and risk of CHD in US men: the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study
Authors: Wu Hongyu , Ding Eric L. , Toledo Estefanía T. , Campos Hannia , Baylin Ana , Hu Frank B. , Sun Qi
Published: January 2013

Few epidemiological studies have examined the association between an overall fatty acid (FA) profile and CHD risk. The aim of the present study was to examine a novel index that summarises individual FA levels based on FA affinity and fluidity in relation to CHD risk in men. In a prospective nested case–control study, FA in plasma and erythrocytes were measured in 459 CHD cases and 879 matched controls. Lipophilic index (LI) was computed by summing the products between FA levels and melting point of each FA to reflect the overall FA lipophilicity. Among controls, higher plasma LI was significantly correlated with adverse profiles of blood lipids, inflammatory markers and adiponectin. After multivariate adjustment for age, smoking, BMI and other CHD risk factors, plasma LI was significantly associated with an increased risk of CHD: the relative risk was 1·61 (95 % CI 1·03, 2·53;Pfor trend = 0·04) comparing extreme quintiles. This association was attenuated to 1·21 (95 % CI 0·48, 3·09;Pfor trend = 0·77) after adjusting for plasma levels of totaltrans-FA, long-chainn-3 FA and polyunsaturated:saturated fat ratio. Erythrocyte LI was not significantly associated with CHD risk. The present data indicate that a novel LI is associated with an adverse profile of cardiovascular risk markers and increased risk of CHD in men; its usefulness as a complement of individual FA in assessing disease risk needs to be elucidated in future studies.