bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrical Conductivity of Pipeline Deposits Under Pressure and Their Impacts on Sales-Gas Pipeline Cathodic Protection Systems
Authors: Macario Erwin , Carroll Francis , Xu Xiaoda , Brown Justin , Stella Dario , Kentish Sandra E.
Published: May 2023

Natural gas pipelines are critical for safe and efficient energy transport across large distances. To maintain operational safety, pipelines use cathodic protection systems that minimize the rate of external corrosion. This work characterizes the effects of black powder deposits, a widely experienced operational hazard across the natural gas industry, on the failure of pipeline cathodic protection systems due to electrical “shorting” of isolation devices. Black powder sludgy deposits from coal seam gas (CSG) pipelines were analyzed, revealing electrical conductivity values within the range of 580 to 5400 µS/cm when under pipeline pressure. These values were used to calculate the internal resistances of monolithic isolation joints (MIJs), a type of electrical isolation device, to show that electrical shorting (internal resistance of < 100 Ω) can occur for black powder sludgy deposit thicknesses in the range of millimeters. To reduce the frequency of such shorting events, it is recommended that upstream dehydration systems be designed to reduce carry-over of triethylene glycol (TEG), that internal nonconductive coatings be applied to isolation devices, and that these devices are installed in ways that facilitate regular cleaning.
HIV-1 activates oxidative phosphorylation in infected CD4 T cells in a human tonsil explant model
Authors: Freeman* Tracey , Zhao* Connie , Schrode* Nadine , Fortune Trinisia , Schroff Sanjana , Tweel Benjamin , Beaumont** Kristin , Swartz** Talia
Published: May 2023

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) leads to a chronic, incurable infection that causes immune activation, resulting in chronic inflammation in people with HIV-1 (PWH) despite virologic suppression on antiretroviral therapy (ART). The mechanisms underlying this chronic inflammation are multifactorial; literature supports the role of lymphoid structures as reservoirs for viral latency and immune activation. The cell type-specific transcriptomic changes induced by HIV-1 infection in lymphoid tissue have not been analyzed. Human tonsil explants from four donors were infected with HIV-1 ex vivo. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed to evaluate the represented cell types and the impact of infection, differential gene expression, and inflammatory signaling pathways. Infected CD4+ T cells exhibited increased respiratory electron transport pathway genes, activating oxidative phosphorylation. Additionally, macrophages exposed to the virus but uninfected demonstrated increased NLRP3 inflammasome pathway genes, activating the NLRP3 inflammasome and stimulating proinflammatory signaling pathways and pyroptotic cell death. These observations support important mechanistic understanding to drive the development of therapeutic strategies to eradicate disease in PWH.
Terms used by healthcare professionals to describe opioid use disorder
Authors: Negaard Briana , Kobuzi Helena , Polgreen Linnea
Published: May 2023

Background
Using prescription opioids for a long period of time or at high doses can increase the risk of developing opioid use disorder (OUD). Whether a patient has an official diagnosis of OUD or not can change medical practice regarding how that individual is treated. It is imperative to be aware of who may have an undiagnosed OUD in order to avoid potential negative events such as infectious diseases associated with intravenous drug use. The purpose of this research project is to identify unique words and phrases healthcare professionals commonly use to describe patients with OUD.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective chart review at a tertiary care academic medical center. We included all patients with a diagnosis of OUD who had an encounter with a clinician in 2018. The chart notes from a specific appointment were reviewed to identify any unique terms or phrases used by the healthcare professionals in this note. The unique terms found were reported as a number and rate that represents how many chart notes it appeared in overall.
Results
Overall, 297 encounters in the electronic medical record were analyzed for terms associated with OUD. Of the 297 encounters reviewed, 83 notes had no mention of OUD, and 214 notes were found to have unique terms associated with OUD with a total of 322 unique terms and phrases identified. Opioid use disorder was the most used term occurring in 95 of the 297 (32.0%) encounters. A phrase or term containing the word “opioid” was found in 154 of the 297 (51.9%) notes. Suboxone was the second most common term found in 53 (17.8%) notes. Other common terms included cravings (49, 16.5%), relapse (42, 14.1%), and trigger (26, 8.8%).
Conclusions
OUD often goes undiagnosed. Knowing these key words and searching for them can assist healthcare professionals in identifying patients with undiagnosed OUD.
Modification and verification of soil-snow module of INM RAS climate model
Authors: Chernenkov Alexey Yu. , Volodin Evgeny M. , Kostrykin Sergey V. , Tarasevich Maria A. , Vorobyeva Vasilisa V.
Published: May 2023

This paper describes the new simple parametrization of land snow cover module for INM RAS climate model. The possible liquid water content in the snow layer and refreezing of melt water are taken into account by the proposed parametrization. This is especially important for transition season modelling, because this phenomenon is observed mainly during the formation and melting of the snow cover, when surface temperature fluctuates around 0 °C. Simulation of snow density evolution is also added. This parameterization was implemented in INM-CM snow module and verified on observation data using ESM-SnowMIP-like protocol. As a result, mean climate snowmelting periods according to INM RAS climate model are refined, particularly in middle and high latitudes. Snow covered area reproduction is also improved. Modified version of snow model on the land can be used coupled with albedo model of a snow-covered surface, which takes into account snow metamorphism, and it can be also applied for sea ice case.
Assessment of pluvial flood events based on monitoring and modeling of an old urban storm drainage in the city center of Yangon, Myanmar
Authors: Min Aung Khaing , Tashiro Takashi
Published: May 2023

Pluvial flooding is a critical issue in cities worldwide, particularly in lowland areas with old and deteriorating drainage systems. The primary driver of pluvial flooding is extreme rainfall; other drivers include urbanization, inadequate drainage system, improper solid-waste management, and tidal backwater effect. However, the interplay between these drivers makes predicting pluvial floods difficult and complex. Previous studies in developing countries seldom used water-level data or simulation modeling to identify the causes of pluvial flooding. In this study, rainfall data and water-level variations in an open channel drain and a receiving river controlled by sluice gates were collected and evaluated in detail to investigate pluvial flooding events. To predict these events, we generated a hydrodynamic model using InfoWorks ICM and verified its results using water logger data and official field reports. Analysis shows that drainage-system failures due to solid blockage and receiving water-level variation contribute more to pluvial flood occurrence than heavy rainfall. Lastly, we discuss measures to mitigate pluvial flooding in Yangon, Myanmar. The proposed monitoring and modeling approach can suitably predict pluvial flooding occurrence and provide useful quantitative data for flood risk management.
Estimation of safety factor in landslide through image processing with recurrence plot and oversampling techniques
Authors: Min Dae-Hong , Yoon Hyung-Koo
Published: May 2023

The convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm as one of image processing techniques has been applied to reveal whether the safety factor is higher or lower than the standard value. However, the existing methods have limitations in quantitatively revealing the safety factor across various ranges. The objective of this study is to quantitatively assess the safety factor with the CNN algorithm through an oversampling technique for reflecting various ranges of the safety factor. Eight geotechnical parameters are selected as independent variables and are obtained through experimental studies. The numeric data in each grid are converted into images using the Recurrence Plot (RP) algorithm to carry out the CNN algorithm. The converted images are matched with the safety factor as the true value calculated by the infinite slope stability model, and the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) is applied to solve imbalances in the data, which is the case for a relatively small amount of data in each safety factor. The constructed image data are trained and tested using the ResNet 50 algorithm, and the data oversampled by SMOTE showed higher accuracy than the imbalanced data. This study demonstrated that the suggested strategy may be used as an alternative method to find various ranges of safety factors using numeric data with an oversampling technique.
Immune Cross Entropy Algorithm for Robust Berth Allocation and Quay Crane Assignment Problem
Authors: Dai Hongwei , Ma Jinhui , Yang Yu , He Hao , Sun Jing , Jia Dongbao
Published: May 2023

Considering different kinds of uncertainties such as late arrival of ships and extended handling time in the actual operation of container terminal, a robust berth allocation and quay crane assignment problem (BACAP) model which aims at minimizing the total stay time of all vessels is proposed. The buffer time between vessels based on weighted slack time can effectively absorb the impact of uncertainty on initial scheduling. Then an immune cross entropy algorithm (ICEA) is proposed to solve the problem. Based on the construction of discrete probability matrix, some solutions are generated and elite solutions are selected. Furthermore, according to the characteristics of BACAP, some immune maturation operators are utilized to balance the local search and global optimization ability of the algorithm. Finally, a robust berth allocation and quay crane scheduling plan in uncertain environment is generated. Computational experiment verifies the feasibility of the model and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Phytohormone additions match explants stimulating adventitious shoot induction in Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja
Authors: Cheng Yuan , Cui Yichan , Shang Xulan , Xiang Fu Xiang
Published: May 2023

As an endemic medicinal woody plant in China, Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskajais is being extensively planted for leaf-use. Operational system of tissue culture mainly depends on explants from short growth season. To extend sampling season, an efficient tissue culture system for nodal stem segments across annual growth seasons has been established in C. paliurus. Explants collected at three stages (March-May, stage I; June-August stage Ⅱ; September-November, stage Ⅲ) were cultured in MS, supplemented with gradient concentrations of 6-benzylademine (BA) (2.0–12.0 mg·L− 1) for shoot induction. The relationships of phytohomones between endogenesis in explants and exogenous addition in medium were also analyzed by using artificial neural networks (ANN) for the optimal concentration of 6-BA addition. The optimal adventitious shoot induction happened on MS supplemented 6-BA with 4.0 mg·L− 1 for stage Ⅰ, 6.0 mg·L− 1 for stage Ⅱ, and 12.0 mg·L− 1 for stage Ⅲ; their induction ratios reached 92.9%, 96.67% and 82.33%, respectively. Regardless of growth stage, adventitious buds occurred on the 20th day when the content of ABA at the bottom versus IAA on the peak. Moreover, high ABA content in explants of C. paliurus (128.49-325.79 ng/g FW) is considered as the main inhibitor for induction. A model constructed by ANN based on a set of validation data, displayed good agreement with observed results. Also, the combination addition (0.5 mg·L− 1 6-BA + 1.5 mg·L− 1 IAB + 0.03 mg·L− 1 TIBA) to MS for shoot multiplication attained 3.20 of multiplication coefficient. Although rooting induction achieved to 66.67% when supplemented 11.0 mg·L− 1 IBA to WPM, no plantlets survived after acclimatization. We speculate that the high 6-BA content for adventitious buds induction could be responsible for lower rooting rate and transplanting failure. Therefore, more efforts should be done to build a feasible tissue culture system in C. paliurus.
Osteoarticular changes in Refsum’s disease: a case report
Authors: Bednarek Marcin , Belka Maciej , Grudniewska Małgorzata , Pawliński Łukasz , Gądek Artur , Kieć-Wilk Beata
Published: May 2023

BackgroundRefsum’s Disease (RD) is a rare and complex disease of lipid metabolism with the domination of neurological symptoms and impacting the metabolism of phytanic acid. The metabolic block, inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, affects the growth and functioning of the myelin sheath around nerve cells. Approximately 35% of RD patients have changes in their osteoarticular system. The most common anomalies are shortening and deformity of many tubular bones in the hands and feet. Over time, chronic, progressive, symmetrical, and mixed motor-sensory polyneuropathy develops, initially involving the lower limbs, and later, the upper limbs. It leads to muscle weakness and walking disorders. Prevalence rates are not known but RD may be under-diagnosed.Case presentationWe report an interesting case of a 49-year-old woman with symmetrical bone anomaly in the feet and hands, diagnosed with RD. Though she had the changes typical of RD since childhood, she was not diagnosed until her 40s, once serious complications of RD appeared.ConclusionsEarly diagnosis of RD is essential for implementation of effective treatment to significantly improve quality of life of the patient. We should always consider running expanded diagnostics, including genetic tests, with patients presenting with bone changes typical for RD. The interdisciplinary approach from different specialists is the key to reduce symptoms and complications. The factors influencing the development of bone, joint, and muscle anomalies in RD are still unknown.
Acclimation of electroactive biofilms under different operating conditions : Comprehensive analysis from architecture, composition, and metabolic activity
Authors: Ma Han , Dong Xing , Yan Yi , Shi Ke , Wang Hao , Lu Haoyun , Xue Jianliang , Qiao Yanlu , Cheng Dongle , Jiang Qing
Published: May 2023

Electroactive biofilms (EABs) have aroused wide concern in waste treatment due to their unique capability of extracellular electron transfer with solid materials. The combined effect of different operating conditions on the formation, microbial architecture, composition, and metabolic activity of EABs are still unknown. In this study, the impact of three different factors (anode electrode, substrate concentration and resistance) on the acclimation and performance of EABs was investigated. The results showed that the shortest start-up time of 127.3 h and highest power density of 0.84 W m− 2 were obtained with carbon brush as electrode, low concentration of substrate (1.0 g L− 1) and 1000 Ω external resistance (denoted as N1). The EABs under N1 condition also represented strongest redox capacity, the lowest internal resistance, and close arrangement of bacteria. Moreover, the EABs cultured under different conditions both showed similar results, with direct electron transfer (DET) dominated from EABs to anode. Microbial community compositions indicated that EABs under N1 condition with lowest diversity and highest abundance of electroactive bacteria (46.68%). Higher substrate concentration (3.0 g L− 1) promoted the proliferation of some other bacteria without electroactivity, which was adverse to EABs. The metabolic analysis showed the difference of genes related to electron transfer (Cytochromes C and pili) and biofilm formation (xap) of EABs under different conditions, which further demonstrated the higher electroactivity of EABs under N1. These results provided a comprehensive understanding of the effect of different operating conditions on EABs including biofilm formation and electrochemical activity.
COVPRIG robustly predicts the overall survival of IDH wild-type glioblastoma and highlights METTL1+ neural-progenitor-like tumor cell in driving unfavorable outcome
Authors: ji hang , Wang Fang , Liu Zhihui , Li Yue , Sun Haogeng , Xiao Anqi , Zhang Huanxin , You Chao , Hu Shaoshan , Liu Yi
Published: May 2023

Background Accurately predicting the outcome of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type glioblastoma (GBM) remains hitherto challenging. This study aims to Construct and Validate a Robust Prognostic Model for IDH wild-type GBM (COVPRIG) for the prediction of overall survival using a novel metric, gene-gene (G×G) interaction, and explore molecular and cellular underpinnings.
Methods Univariate and multivariate Cox regression of four independent trans-ethnic cohorts containing 800 samples. Prediction efficacy was comprehensively evaluated and compared with previous models by a systematic literature review. The molecular underpinnings of COVPRIG were elucidated by integrated analysis of several bulk-tumor and single-cell expression profiles.
Results Using a Cox-ph model-based method, six of the 93,961 G×G interactions were screened to form an optimal combination which, together with age, comprised the COVPRIG model. COVPRIG was designed for RNA-seq and microarray, respectively, and effectively identified patients at high risk of mortality. The predictive performance of COVPRIG was satisfactory, with aera under the curve (AUC) ranging from 0.56 (CGGA693, RNA-seq, 6-month survival) to 0.79 (TCGA RNAseq, 18-month survival), which can be further validated by decision curves. Nomograms were constructed for individual risk prediction for RNA-seq and microarray-based cohorts, respectively. Besides, the prognostic significance of COVPRIG was also validated in GBM including the IDH mutant samples. Notably, COVPRIG was comprehensively evaluated and externally validated, and a systemic review disclosed that COVPRIG outperformed current validated models with an integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) of 6~16% when calibrating to the same condition. Moreover, integrative bioinformatics analysis predicted an essential role of METTL1+ neural-progenitor-like (NPC-like) malignant cell in driving unfavorable outcome.
Conclusion This study provided a powerful tool for the outcome prediction for IDH wild-type GBM, and preliminary molecular underpinnings for future research.
Prediction of Recently Occurred Soil Erosion by Integrating Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) with Geo-Spatial Techniques- A Case Study on Pettimudi Hills, Kerala-India
Authors: Natarajan Surendar
Published: May 2023

Soil erosion is the major cause for loss of soil fertility in many parts of the world. The conversion of forested areas into settlements and tea plantations has made Pettimudi hills in Iddukki district of Kerala prone to soil erosion. To compute the extent of soil erosion in the selected study area, the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) method is adopted. The present study analyses the soil erosion for the years (2017 to 2021) by varying the Land Use Land Cover (LULC) classes with constant R-factor (rainfall and runoff factor) and LS-factor (length-slope factor). The LULC for Pettimudi hills are classified into three categories, namely settlement, dense vegetation, and water bodies. An extreme rainfall event that took place on 6th of August 2020 resulted in drastic extensive soil erosion in the study area. The Supervised Classification method along with Maximum Likelihood Estimation techniques are used for LULC classification. The C-factor (Cover and management factor) ranges from 0 to 0.1 for the years 2017 to 2021 and is based upon the LULC classes identified in the study area. The conversion of vast areas of forest land into settlements and tea plantations decreases the soil organic matter and hydraulic conductivity of the soil which in turn increases the K-factor (soil erodibility factor), as found in the study area. The gathered results shows that the maximum erosion is seen in southern and north-western parts of the study area. The extent of soil erosion is seen to have increased from 0.25 tonnes/ha to 2.06 tonnes/ha in the time period of 2017 to 2021. It is observed that the 56 % of increase in the soil erosion during the study period is mainly due to LULC changes as well as with the extreme rainfall conditions in the area.
GWAS and genomic selection for marker-assisted development of sucrose enriched soybean cultivars
Authors: Riaz Awais , Raza Qasim , Kumar Anuj , Dean Derek , Chiwina Kenani , Phiri Theresa Makawa , Thomas Julie , Shi Ainong
Published: May 2023

Sucrose concentration in soy-derived foods is becoming a seminal trait for the production of food-grade soybeans. However, limited scientific knowledge is reported on this increasingly important breeding objective. In this study, 473 genetically diverse soybean germplasm accessions and 8,477 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) markers were utilized to pinpoint genomic regions associated with seed sucrose contents through a genome-wide association study (GWAS). A total of 75 significant SNPs (LOD ≥ 6.0) were identified across GLM, FarmCPU and BLINK models, including four stable and novel SNPs (Gm03_45385087_ss715586641, Gm06_10919443_ss715592728, Gm09_45335932_ss715604570 and Gm14_10470463_ss715617454). Gene mining near 20 kb flanking genomic regions of four stable SNPs identified 23 candidate genes with the majority of them highly expressed in soybean seeds and pod shells. A sugar transporter encoding major facilitator superfamily gene (Glyma.06G132500) showing the highest expression in pod shells was also identified. Moreover, selection accuracy, efficiency and favorable alleles of 75 significantly associated SNPs were estimated for their utilization in soybean breeding programs. Furthermore, genomic predictions with three different scenarios revealed better feasibility of GWAS-derived SNPs for selection and improvement of seed sucrose concentration. These results could facilitate plant breeders in marker-assisted breeding and genomic selection of sucrose-enriched food-grade soybean cultivars for the global soy-food industry.
Optogenetic modulation of mammalian cell apoptosis through the utilization of Arabidopsis cryptochrome 2
Authors: Mo Weiliang , Su Shengzhong , Shang Ruige , Yang Liang , Wu Chengfeng , Yang Zhenming , Wu Liuming , Liu Yibo , He Yun , Zhang Ruipeng , Zuo Zecheng
Published: May 2023

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a mechanism which occurs as the cells undergo death to control cell proliferation. Precise modulation of apoptosis offers potential for developing targeted therapies, such as inducing cancer cell death or sensitizing cells to established extracellular agents. Caspase-8 is a critical apoptosis-inducing factor that initiates the death receptor-mediated apoptosis pathway. Moreover, it serves as a molecular switch for necroptosis and pyroptosis, distinguishing it from other members of the caspase family.In this study, we developed an optogenetic approach to rapidly modulate the activation of caspase-8 in response to blue light. The core component of our optogenetic tool is based on the PHR domain of Arabidopsis thaliana cryptochrome 2, which self-oligomerizes in response to blue light. After exposure to blue light, the abundance of the precursor protein PHR-Caspase8 decreased, while the activated forms of caspase8 (P18) and caspase3 accumulated. The proteins GFP-PHR-caspase8/Flag-CIB1N-caspase8 were cleaved in a blue light-dependent manner and interacted more strongly in co-immunoprecipitation assays. Opto-Casp8-V2 exhibited significantly more efficient self-cleavage and consumption than Opto-Casp8-V1 under blue light, and was found to promote cell apoptosis more strongly. Both Opto-Casp8-V1 and Opto-Casp8-V2 induced the shrinkage of numerous nuclei, leading to the formation of apoptotic bodies and ultimately promoting cell death. Our optogenetic tool enables precise modulation of Caspase-8 activity, inducing cellular apoptosis. Additionally, through blue light control, it regulates the activation of the inflammasome and induction of pyroptosis in cases where apoptosis and necroptosis mechanisms are compromised.We believe that our optogenetic tools can modulate Caspase-8-mediated signaling pathways to customize immune responses against pathogens and facilitate the switching of diverse modes of cell death.
Mechanochemical and Mechanobiological Recycling of Postconsumer Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) Plastics under Microwave irradiation: A comparative study.
Authors: Attallah Olivia A. , Taxeidis George , Chee Bor Shin , Topakas Evangelos , Fournet Margaret Brennan
Published: May 2023

Exploring new solutions to improve the environmentally friendly degradation of fossil based postconsumer plastic waste is key in the development of effective techniques to increase the efficiency of plastics degradation while using mild, green depolymerization conditions. In this context, we introduce a novel, ultrafast mechanical pretreatment for postconsumer (PC) polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics that is based on a dissolution/reprecipitation approach under microwave (MW) irradiation. Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) and Differential scanning colorimetry (DSC) analyses indicates a significant increase, up to 3.78 in the carbonyl index and a 2-fold decrease in crystallinity index of the pretreated PC PET sample when compared to the untreated one. Degradation efficiency of both untreated and pretreated PC PET was evaluated using enzymatic and MW assisted chemical degradation techniques. Results show that following MW assisted hydrolytic depolymerization, pretreated PC PET conversion rate of 95% and terephthalic acid (TPA) monomer yield of 87.4% were obtained and were significantly higher than that of untreated PC PET. While the proposed pretreatment approach did not show a significant improvement on the enzymatic degradation of PC PET, it did result in a 1.2-fold increase in the pretreated PC PET conversion rate, yielding solely TPA as a value-added monomer. This, presents an advantage in the economic cost of the degradation process if applied on a larger scale.
Research on nonlinear dynamic characteristics of double-deck vibrating flip-flow screen
Authors: Li Sai , Liu Chusheng , He Deyi
Published: May 2023

The double-deck vibrating flip-flow screen is taken as the study case, and the dynamic equations, including cubic nonlinear stiffness, are established. The equation in the physical coordinates is transferred to the modal coordinates to study the nonlinear vibration characteristics of the system in resonance, which is analyzed by the multi-scale method. Then, the amplitude-frequency tuning parameter response equation is obtained. The influence of system parameters on the nonlinear system is discussed by solving the amplitude-frequency tuning parameter response equation. It is found that increasing the damping or reducing the harmonic force will suppress the system’s multiple solutions and vibration jumps. Numerical methods are adopted to verify the accuracy of the perturbed solution in both the frequency domain and time domain. Considering that the nonlinear stiffness has little influence in the slightly distant single-valued response resonance region, the displacement response of the double-deck vibrating flip-flow screen in the original physical coordinates system is obtained based on the superposition principle. The amplitude of the main screen frame is 7 mm, and the amplitude of the upper and lower floating frame is 9.4 mm and 5.6 mm, respectively. The phase between the main screen frame and the upper and lower floating frame is 180°, which realizes the stretching and slackening of the deck. This paper guides the design of double-deck vibrating flip-flow screens.
Vertical changes in the hard tissues after space closure by miniscrew sliding mechanics: a three-dimensional modality analysis
Authors: Su Hong , Zhuang Zi-meng , Han Bing , Xu Tian-min , Chen Gui
Published: May 2023

(1)Objectives:
To explore the vertical changes in the maxillary central incisor and the maxillary first molar and to investigate the changes in the mandibular plane angle during process space closure by miniscrew sliding mechanics.
(2) Methods:
A total of 20 adult patients were enrolled from the Department of Orthodontics of Peking University Hospital of Stomatology from 2008 to 2013. A digital dental model and craniofacial cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan were taken at the beginning of the treatment(T0) and immediately after space closure(T1). Stable miniscrews were used to superimpose the maxillary digital dental models (T0 and T1), and the vertical changes in the maxillary first molar and the maxillary central incisor were measured. The changes in the mandibular plane were measured by CBCT superimposition in three dimensions.
(3) Results:
The average extrusion of the maxillary central incisor was 2.56±0.18 mm; the average intrusion of the maxillary first molar was 1.25±1.11 mm, with a distal movement of 0.97±0.99 mm; and the average mandibular plane angle decreased by 0.83±1.65°. The differences in the three indexes were statistically significant.
(4) Conclusion:
In the process of space closure with the miniscrew sliding method, the upper dentition changed significantly in both the sagittal and vertical directions. The maxillary central incisors were extruded, and the maxillary first molars were intruded. The mandibular plane was rotated slightly counterclockwise.
A New Approach to Generate Dynamical Cone of Uncertainty for Cyclone Track Forecast over North Indian Ocean
Authors: SRIVAST AKHIL , Mohapatra Mrutyunjay , Das Ananda Kumar , Nadimpalli Raghu , Dwivedi Suneet
Published: May 2023

The North Indian Ocean (NIO) tropical cyclones (TCs) are devastating multi-hazard disasters with associated gale wind, torrential rainfall and storm-surge which pose severe threat to humankind and responsible for huge economic loss and livelihood. Predictions of track, intensity and structure along with the track uncertainty are very important to produce forecast and warning for the populace and disaster managers. India Meteorological Department (IMD) issues operational track forecasts and associated uncertainty as a Cone of Uncertainty (CoU) based on the climatological track errors computed from past operational forecasts. Due to large variation between different TCs, instead of static, dynamic CoU (DYN-CoU) based on dynamical Ensemble Prediction Systems (EPS) is more sophisticated way to provide track uncertainty. In this study, the utility of different CoU including (i) Climatological CoU (CLM-CoU) (ii) CoU from dynamical EPS using different methods and (iii) Hybrid CoU (utilizing CLM-CoU & DYN-CoU) are analyzed with respect to various characteristics of 13 TCs formed during 2019–2020. The result suggests that the CLM-CoU is more skillful during the first 36 hours of forecast whereas DYN-CoU based on weights assigned to different members of EPS performs better during longer lead time. Basin-wise, CLM-CoU performs better over the Arabian Sea for all the forecast hours whereas in case of Bay of Bengal during first 18 hours and DYN-CoU shows better skill with lead time longer than 18 hours. For recurving TCs, CLM-CoU performs better up to 96 hour forecast lead. However, skill of DYN-CoU in case of recurving TCs is dependent on the operational and EPS track forecast performance.
Long-term risk of reoperation after modular hemiarthroplasty. Any differences between uni- or bipolar design?
Authors: Lind Dennis , Nåtman Jonatan , Mohaddes Maziar , Rogmark Cecilia
Published: May 2023

Background
It is unclear whether unipolar (UHA) or bipolar (BHA) hemiarthroplasty should be the preferred treatment of femoral neck fracture (FNF).
Aim
We investigated the reoperation rate at 13 years post-fracture after BHA and UHA as treatment of FNF, including a subgroup analysis of individuals who survived 5 years or more, and described the reasons for reoperation after BHA and UHA respectively.
Methods
In an observational cohort study on prospectively collected national register data, 16,216 BHA and 22,186 UHA were available for matching. A propensity score for treatment with bipolar HA was estimated using logistic regression. Matching was done using the 1:1 nearest neighbor matching without replacement. Of the 16,216 BHA patients, 12,280 were matched to a UHA control.
A subgroup analysis based on the matched sample excluded individuals who died within 5 years and comprised 3,637 individuals with BHA and 3,537 with UHA. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used.
Results
In the Kaplan-Meier analysis, 92% of the BHA group was free from reoperation at 13 years (95% CI 0.91-0.93), compared to 92% in the UHA group (CI 0.89-0.94). BHA was associated with more reoperations until 3 years. Reoperation due to infection was most common after BHA, n=212 (1.7%) compared to n=141 (1.1%) after UHA. Dislocation led to reoperation in 192 of the BHA cases (1.6%) and in 157 of the UHA cases (1.3%). Acetabular erosion/pain occurred in 0.1% and 0.4%.
Amongst those surviving ≥5 years, 93% of the BHA group was free from reoperation (CI 0.92-0.94) at 13 years, 92% after UHA (CI 0.90-0.94). BHA had more reoperations during the 1st year only. The causes for reoperations were similar results except for acetabular erosion/pain. Here the BHA group had 2 cases (0.1%), the UHA had 39 (1.1%).
Conclusion
With a modular hemiarthroplasty relatively few patients need a reoperation. During the first years, there is a higher reoperation rate after BHA compared to UHA. Thereafter, no differences are seen. In patients who survive ≥5 years after the fracture there are more reoperations due to acetabular erosion after UHA, but crude numbers are extremely low and the total reoperation rate is not affected.
Integration of Experimental Methods and Molecular Dynamics Simulations for a Comprehensive Understanding of Enhancement Mechanisms in Graphene Oxide (GO)/Rubber Composites
Authors: Fu Quansheng , Yang Zifan , Jia HongBing , Wen Yanwei , Luo Yanlong , Ding Lifeng
Published: May 2023

Graphene oxide (GO) exhibits great application in rubber industry due to its unique two-dimensional nanosheet structure, significant specific surface area, good barrier property, and high reactivity. However, different rubbers, such as carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR), natural rubber (NR), and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), have different interactions with GO, which has great influence on the reinforcement effect of GO to the rubber matrix. In this work, the enhancement mechanism of GO on NR, SBR, and XNBR was studied by combining experiments with molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The results show that GO/XNBR nanocomposites had the smallest potential energy difference (ΔWa), mean square displacement (MSD), and free volume fraction (FFV), resulting in excellent solvent resistance, and dynamic and mechanical properties. This study provides a new way to explore the macroscopic properties of rubber nanocomposites through molecular-level simulation.
A study of Machine Learning Methods Based Affective Disorder Detection using Multi-Class Classification
Authors: C Kishor Kumar Reddy , Tungana Bhavya , Hanafiah Marlia Mohd , Doss Srinath
Published: May 2023

Psychological health issues like stress, anxiety and depression is becoming general due to various factors. Different severity levels of stress, anxiety and depression have varied impacts on people, which can lead to suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Demographic data consists of gender, age group, marital status, education, type of employment, economic status, and living status, and 21 questions about stress, anxiety, and depression, including scores, were considered for the dataset. The proposed K-nearest neighbor model achieved maximum accuracy with 94.5% for stress and anxiety and 97.7% for depression, compared with Naive Bayes's 81.8%, 81.5%, and 83.5% as minimum accuracy for stress, anxiety, and depression, respectively, as compared with other models.
Moisture Mitigation Using a Vented Liner and a Vented Socket System for Individuals with Transfemoral Amputation
Authors: Gnyawali Surya C. , Denune Jeffrey A. , Hockman Bryce , Kristjánsdóttir Jóna Valgerður , Ragnarsdóttir Margrét Sól , Timsina Lava R. , Ghatak Subhadip , Lechler Knut , Sen Chandan K. , Roy Sashwati
Published: May 2023

Sweating and heat buildup at the skin-liner interface is a major challenge for amputees. Liners made of heat-non-conducting materials cause sweating of the residual limb and may result in liners slipping off the skin surface, causing skin breakdown and affecting limb health. To address this, we evaluated the efficacy of the vented liner-socket system (VS, Össur) compared to Seal-In silicone liner and non-vented socket (nVS, Össur) in reducing relative humidity (RH) during increased perspiration. Nine amputees using nVS were randomized to VS or nVS in a 20-minute treadmill walk. RH was significantly attenuated (p < 0.0002) and perceived sweating improved (p < 0.05) with VS, patient-reported CLASS outcomes to determine the suspension, stability, comfort, and appearance were not significantly different between VS and nVS. There are limited rigorous scientific studies that clearly provide evidence-based guidelines to the prosthetist in the selection of liners from numerous available options. The present study is innovative in clearly establishing objective measures for assessing humidity and temperatures at the skin-liner interface while performing activity. This study provided maiden evidence that relative humidity at the skin-liner interface is reduced with the use of a vented liner-socket system when compared to a similar non-vented system.
Coix Seed Oil ameliorates synovial angiogenesis in collagen-induced arthritis rats through inhibiting HIF-1α / VEGF-A pathway via SIRT1
Authors: Xu Qiangqiang , Kong Hongxi , Ren Shuang , Meng Fanyan , Liu Ruoshi , Jin Hongxin , Zhang Jie
Published: May 2023

Background
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by symmetric arthritis. Coix Seed Oil (CSO) has been shown to reduce inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the CSO impact on synovial angiogenesis in RA remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to study the CSO inhibitory impact on RA synovial angiogenesis and elucidate the corresponding mechanisms.
Methods
Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model was established by male Sprague-Dawley rats and then treated with different doses of CSO for four weeks. Arthritis Index (AI), paw swelling, and weight of rats were recorded to assess their clinical symptoms. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining, immunohistochemical, and immunofluorescence staining were performed to observe changes in synovial tissues. The serum HIF-1α and VEGF-A protein were evaluated through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The FLS was stimulated with TNF-α for developing an in vitro inflammatory model. Cytotoxicity and cell viability were measured using a CCK8 test. Wound healing and Transwell migration experiments were employed to determine FLS migratory ability, together with Immunofluorescence was utilized to assess HIF-1α nuclear translocation within FLS. The SIRT1, HIF-1α, VEGF-A, together with CD31 expression profiles were assessed through Western blot assays. The isolated aortic rings were extracted to observe the CSO inhibitory impact on angiogenesis.
Results
CSO inhibited angiogenesis, together with HIF-1α and VEGF-A expression within CIA rat synovial tissue. Mechanistically, CSO regulated the HIF-1α / VEGF-A pathway by mediating SIRT1 expression, exerting anti-angiogenic effects in vitro and in vivo.
Conclusions
This study indicated that CSO could ameliorate synovial angiogenesis in CIA rats through inhibiting HIF-1α / VEGF-A pathway via SIRT1.
Uncovering the mechanisms of Yi Qi Tong Qiao Pill in the treatment of allergic rhinitis based on Network target analysis
Authors: Wang Boyang , Zhang DingFan , Zhang Tingyu , Sutcharitchan Chayanis , Hua Dongfang , Zhang Bo , Li Shao
Published: May 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study is to reveal the mechanism of action of Yi Qi Tong Qiao Pill (YQTQP) in the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR), as well as establish a paradigm for the researches on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) from systematic perspective. Methods: Based on the data collected from TCM-related and disease-related databases, target profiles of compounds in YQTQP were calculated through network-based algorithms and holistic targets of TQTQP was constructed. Network target analysis was performed to explore the potential mechanisms of YQTQP in the treatment of AR and the mechanisms were classified into different modules according to their biological functions. Besides, animal and clinical experiments were conducted to validate our findings inferred from Network target analysis. Results: Network target analysis showed that YQTQP targeted 12 main pathways or biological processes related to AR, represented by those related to IL-4, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-13. These results could be classified into 3 biological modules, including regulation of immune and inflammation, epithelial barrier disorder and cell adhesion. Finally, a series of experiments composed of animal and clinical experiments, proved our findings and confirmed that YQTQP could improve related symptoms of AR, like permeability of nasal mucosa epithelium. Conclusion: A combination of Network target analysis and the experimental validation indicated that YQTQP was effective in the treatment of AR and might provide a new insight on revealing the mechanism of TCM against diseases. Details of trial registration: Name of the registry: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Trial registration number: ChiCTR-TRC-13003137 Date of registration: Registered 29 March 2013 - Retrospectively registered, URL of trial registry record: https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=6422
Glycyrrhiza Uralensis Polysaccharides Inhibits the cGAS-STING Signaling Pathway and Ameliorates Cecum Ligation and Puncture-induced Sepsis ​
Authors: Hui Siwen , Kan Wen , Qin Shuanglin , He Ping , Zhao Jia , Li Hui , Bai Jun , Wen Jincai , Mou Wenqing , Hou Manting , Wei Ziying , Xiao Xiaohe , Xu Guang , Bai Zhaofang
Published: May 2023

Sepsis is a disease of multiple organ dysfunction caused by infection. It threatens human health and is one of the major human mortality problems. Recent researches have shown that cGAS-STING pathway is involved in the development and progression of sepsis. Here, we report that Glycyrrhiza Uralensis Polysaccharides (GUP), one of the major components of licorice, has a protective effect against cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis in mice. We found that GUP reduced pathological changes in CLP sepsis-inducing tissues and the expression of genes downstream (IFN-β and TNF-α) of cGAS-STING pathway. Moreover, GUP significantly reduced the expression of IFN-β, IL-6 and TNF-α mediated by a mouse-specific activators of STING (DMXAA) in mice. In vitro studies, GUP inhibited the activation of the cGAS-STING pathway as evidenced by inhibition of the expression of related downstream genes, such as IFN-β, IL-6, TNF-α and interferon-stimulated genes (CXCL10). Mechanistically, GUP inhibited the activation of cGAS-STING pathway by inhibiting the interaction of STING with TBK1 and TBK1 with IRF3. In conclusion, our studies suggest that GUP is an effective inhibitor of the cGAS-STING pathway, which may be a potential medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases mediated by the cGAS-STING pathway.
How technical change has boosted Fish Aggregation Device productivity in the Indian Ocean tuna fishery
Authors: Tidd Alex N. , Floch Laurent , Imzilen Taha , Tolotti Mariana , Dagorn Laurent , Capello Manuela , Guillotreau Patrice
Published: May 2023

Excess harvesting power can threaten the long-term sustainability of fisheries. Indicators of excess harvesting power include input-output-based estimates of economic production efficiency. The increasing use of Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) has boosted fishing productivity in high-seas tuna fisheries, perhaps beyond the biological capacity of the stocks, and is an object of global debate. We carried out a Data Envelopment Analysis of relative changes in production efficiencies of the French purse-seine fleet targeting tropical tuna in the western Indian Ocean using two fishing strategies, 1) on floating objects (FOB) and 2) free swimming schools (FSC) using tuna catch and effort data spanning 1992–2019. We show that FOB fishing evolved dramatically through time via the introduction of new technology with an estimated change of 4.2%yr− 1 (9.2%yr− 1 2007–2019), in contrast to 1.5%yr− 1 for FSC. While the level of efficiency in the use of inputs has barely changed for FOB fishing, a steady increase for FSC is observed. Factors that influence the productive capacity of vessels include the number of fishing sets, vessel power, fuel, and tuna price. Immediate plans to improve input-based management in this region are needed to prevent further risks of overfishing to yellowfin (Thunnus albacares) and skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) tunas.
Processing of ego-motion compatible optic flow in the elderly
Authors: Guénot Jade , Trotter Yves , Delaval Angélique , Baurès Robin , Soler Vincent , Cottereau Benoit
Published: May 2023

Aging impacts human observer’s performance in a wide range of visual tasks and notably in motion discrimination. Despite numerous studies, we still poorly understand how optic flow processing is impacted in the elderly. Here, we estimated motion coherence thresholds in two groups of young (age: 18–30, n = 42) and old (70–90, n = 42) adult participants for the three components of optic flow (translational, radial and rotational patterns). Stimuli were dynamic random-dot kinematograms (RDKs) projected on a large screen. Participants had to report their perceived direction of motion (leftward versus rightward for translational, inward versus outward for radial and clockwise versus anti-clockwise for rotational patterns). Stimuli had an average speed of 7°/s (additional recordings were performed at 14°/s) and were either presented full-field or with an artificial scotoma masking central vision. Statistical analyses showed that if thresholds in older adults were similar to those measured in younger participants for translational patterns, thresholds for radial patterns were significantly increased in our slowest condition and thresholds for rotational patterns were significantly decreased. Altogether, these findings support the idea that aging does not lead to a general decline in visual perception but rather has specific effects on the processing of each optic flow component.