bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Explorando o conceito "Densidade" com estudantes do ensino fundamental
Authors: Dias Broietti Fabiele Cristiane , Ferracin Talita Parpinelli , Arrigo Viviane
Published: August 2018

La densidad  es un concepto científico que genera algunas confusiones  entre los estudiantes,  siendo muchas veces enseñado solamente desde el modelo matemático,  esto acarrea grandes dificultades para comprenderlo en situaciones cotidianas.  En este contexto, presentamos resultados de investigación sobre  la manera como estudiantes de noveno grado de la educación básica comprenden este concepto.  También presentamos y discutimos una secuencia de actividades,  elaborada con base en la estrategia metodológica de los tres momentos pedagógicos, aplicada con este grupo de estudiantes.  Los datos fueron tomados por medio de cuestionarios propuestos en el primero y tercer momento,  además de los registros de campo a lo largo del desarrollo de las actividades.  El análisis y la interpretación de los datos se realizó con base  en los presupuestos del análisis de contenido.   Como resultado encontramos que la mayoría de los estudiantes relaciona la flotación de los cuerpos con la densidad, sin embargo, presentan otros argumentos considerando otros parámetros como peso, cantidad y la no miscibilidad. En este sentido, resaltamos la necesidad de estudios que amplíen esta discusión así como de otras propuestas de enseñanza que discutan este concepto en los diferentes niveles de enseñanza.
Habilidades cognitivas apresentadas por alunos participantes de un projeto de iniciação científica no ensino médio
Authors: De Freitas Zompero Andreia , Garbim Tiago Henrique dos Santos , Batista de Souza Cinthia Hoch , Barrichelo Diliane
Published: August 2018

Este estudio es el resultado de una actividad que busca estudiar la comprensión de los alumnos y su manifestación de habilidades cognitivas sobre procedimientos referentes a la ciencia, como la identificación del problema a ser investigado, la elaboración de un plan de trabajo para resolverlo y los procedimientos para la toma y análisis de datos. La actividad fue aplicada con un grupo de estudiantes participantes de un proyecto de iniciación científica con alumnos de Educación media. Se planeó al inicio del proceso de iniciación científica, con el fin de dirigir las actividades siguientes a partir de los conocimientos presentados por los alumnos. Este es un estudio cualitativo en el que los estudiantes respondieron a tres preguntas sobre una situación problemática que les fue presentada para identificar las habilidades cognitivas ya mencionadas. Los resultados señalan que los alumnos lograron identificar el problema a ser resuelto en una determinada situación y la manera de registrar los datos obtenidos, pero presentaron dificultades en diseñar una manera de cómo resolver el problema, es decir, en la elaboración de un plan de trabajo. La investigación evidenció aspectos relevantes en cuanto a la comprensión de los alumnos y habilidades cognitivas que presentan para resolver una situación problema con características de una investigación científica.
Dicumba – o aprender pela pesquisa em sala de aula: os saberes científicos de química no contexto sociocultural do aluno
Authors: Bedin Everton , Del Pino José Claudio
Published: August 2018

Con el propósito de promover cambios significativos en la práctica pedagógica en el sistema de educación pública, considerando el saber previo y la acción del alumno como autor del propio aprendizaje, en este artículo se presenta y se reflexiona sobre el desarrollo de una actividad docente en química centrada en el aprendizaje cognitivo bilateral-universal del alumno a partir de una propuesta de enseñanza denominada Dicumba. Los datos fueron recogidos por medio de la observación participante durante las actividades desarrolladas por 21 alumnos de educación media, e intensificados por la aplicación de un cuestionario estructurado, los cuales fueron analizados e interpretados a la luz del análisis textual discursivo; los resultados se expresaron a través del programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences para Windows. En conclusión, podemos decir que el aprender por la investigación es una acción que beneficia el aprendizaje del alumno de forma crítica, y que despierta la curiosidad, la argumentación crítica y el interés por la ciencia a través de la problematización y el reconocimiento de nuevos saberes.
Neue Perspektiven heutiger Theologie der Verkündigung
Authors: Wasilewski Edward
Published: August 2018

Auf dem zeitgenössischen „theologischen Markt” macht eine neue Methode von sich reden, die als grafisch-geometrische Methode bezeichnet wird. Sie führt den Menschen in ein gewisses grundsätzliches Paradox des Christentums und der Sicht der Glaubenswahrheiten ein. Ihre Anwendung in der im weitesten Sinne verstandenen Theologie kann diese selbst einem breiteren Gremium zugänglicher machen und zu ihrer Popularisierung durch das Kerygma der Kirche beitragen. Dies eröffnet eine neue Brückenfunktion der Theologie, durch die sowohl der integrale, ganzheitliche Charakter der Heilsgeschichte, ihre in sich stimmige Struktur, sowie ihre Dynamik ausgedrückt werden kann. Die einzelnen grafischen Darstellungen illustrieren die einzelnen Etappen der Verwirklichung des göttlichen Heilsplanes.
Teologiczny obraz twierdzy jerozolimskiej w 1 Mch 1,33-38 i jej oblężenie przez wojska Judy w 4,41 oraz 6,18-20
Authors: Nawrot Janusz
Published: August 2018

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest prezentacja pewnego epizodu działań wojennych armii powstańczej pod dowództwem Judy Machabeusza, który nastąpił zarówno przed śmiercią Antiocha IV Epifanesa, największego wroga Żydów w imperium seleuckim, jak i w niedługim czasie po niej. Podejmowane w tym kierunku wysiłki wskazują jednoznacznie, że nawet po śmierci nienawistnego władcy sytuacja w prowincji judzkiej nie zmieniła się radykalnie. Podkreślają jednak również ciągle podejmowane przez powstańców próby uwolnienia się spod jarzma seleuckiego, którego zamek w stolicy był bodaj najbardziej jaskrawym znamieniem. By lepiej zrozumieć sens działań powstańców, nie można pominąć roli, jaką akra odegrała w uciemiężeniu narodu wybranego, o czym wspomni pierwsza część prezentowanego materiału. Istotnym zapytaniem końcowym jest jednak próba odpowiedzi autora księgi na pytanie dlaczego Judzie – mimo niewątpliwie sprzyjających mu okoliczności – nie udało się zdobyć twierdzy. Poniższa prezentacja wpisuje się w ciągle słabo jeszcze opisywaną przez badaczy problematykę Pierwszej Księgi Machabejskiej, szerzej zaś w ogóle ksiąg deuterokanonicznych, znacznie częściej pomijanych w omówieniach egzegetycznych, niż dzieła Biblii Hebrajskiej.
Ekskluzywizm ewangelikalny
Authors: Kubacki Zbigniew
Published: August 2018

Within the Christian theology of religions one distinguishes three basic paradigms: exclusivism, inclusivism and pluralism. Pluralism considers all religions as equal ways of salvation leading to God. It denies that Jesus Christ is the unique Savior of the world.  Inclusivism maintains the unicity and salvivic universality of Jesus Christ, but affirms that  explicit faith in Jesus Christ is not necessary for salvation for unevangelized people. Exclusivism is the view that Jesus Christ is the only Savior of the world and that one must believe God’s special revelation that culminates in the gospel of Christ in order to be saved. Evangelical theologians principally maintain this position. Interestingly enough, on the one hand they affirm that children who die in infancy (as well as people who are mentally incompetent) are included within the circle of God’s saving grace and will be saved; on the other hand, they say that since the first coming of Christ the only way of salvation is explicit faith in him.The article is divided into three parts. The first part examines the argument of those theologians about the fate of children who die in infancy and then compares it with the teaching of the Catholic Church expressed by the International Theological Commission in its document The Hope of Salvation for Infants Who Die Without Being Baptized (2007). The second part examines the biblical and theological arguments advanced by evangelical theologians in favor of exclusivism. In the third part these arguments are discussed from the perspective of Catholic theology. For Catholics as much as for evangelicals, there is no doubt that Jesus Christ is the unique Savior of the world and that salvation has always been by grace through faith. The difference concerns the content of this saving faith. Must it have as its object an explicit knowledge of Jesus Christ, as is argued by the evangelical exclusivists?
Evaluation of a Computer-Based Training Program to Teach Adults at Risk for HIV About Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
Authors: Getty Carol-Ann , Subramaniam Shrinidhi , Holtyn August F. , Jarvis Brantley P. , Rodewald Andrew , Silverman Kenneth
Published: August 2018

This study developed a computer-based program to teach HIV prevention behaviors and raise awareness of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among individuals at risk for HIV. The program was divided into modules containing educational material and multiple-choice questions. Participants received immediate feedback for responses and incentives for correct responses to multiple-choice questions. Participants trained on each module until they met speed and accuracy criteria. The modules were divided into: Course 1 (HIV), Course 2 (PrEP), and Course 3 (HIV risk behaviors). Tests of content from all three courses were delivered before and after participants completed each course. Test scores on the content delivered in the courses improved only after participants completed training on each course. HIV and PrEP knowledge was initially low and increased following completion of each part of the program. Computer-based training offers a convenient and effective approach to promoting HIV prevention knowledge, including use of PrEP.
Spike-Conducting Integrate-and-Fire Model
Authors: Ashida Go , Nogueira Waldo
Published: August 2018

Modeling is a useful tool for investigating various biophysical characteristics of neurons. Recent simulation studies of propagating action potentials (spike conduction) along axons include the investigation of neuronal activity evoked by electrical stimulation from implantable prosthetic devices. In contrast to point-neuron simulations, where a large variety of models are readily available, Hodgkin–Huxley-type conductance-based models have been almost the only option for simulating axonal spike conduction, as simpler models cannot faithfully replicate the waveforms of propagating spikes. Since the amount of available physiological data, especially in humans, is usually limited, calibration, and justification of the large number of parameters of a complex model is generally difficult. In addition, not all simulation studies of axons require detailed descriptions of nonlinear ionic dynamics. In this study, we construct a simple model of spike generation and conduction based on the exponential integrate-and-fire model, which can simulate the rapid growth of the membrane potential at spike initiation. In terms of the number of parameters and equations, this model is much more compact than conventional models, but can still reliably simulate spike conduction along myelinated and unmyelinated axons that are stimulated intracellularly or extracellularly. Our simulations of auditory nerve fibers with this new model suggest that, because of the difference in intrinsic membrane properties, the axonal spike conduction of high-frequency nerve fibers is faster than that of low-frequency fibers. The simple model developed in this study can serve as a computationally efficient alternative to more complex models for future studies, including simulations of neuroprosthetic devices.
The Nogo Receptor Ligand LGI1 Regulates Synapse Number and Synaptic Activity in Hippocampal and Cortical Neurons
Authors: Thomas Rhalena A. , Gibon Julien , Chen Carol X. Q. , Chierzi Sabrina , Soubannier Vincent G. , Baulac Stephanie , Séguéla Philippe , Murai Keith , Barker Philip A.
Published: August 2018

Leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 (LGI1) is a secreted neuronal protein and a Nogo receptor 1 (NgR1) ligand. Mutations in LGI1 in humans causes autosomal dominant lateral temporal lobe epilepsy and homozygous deletion of LGI1 in mice results in severe epileptic seizures that cause early postnatal death. NgR1 plays an important role in the development of CNS synapses and circuitry by limiting plasticity in the adult cortex via the activation of RhoA. These relationships and functions prompted us to examine the effect of LGI1 on synapse formationin vitroandin vivo. We report that application of LGI1 increases synaptic density in neuronal culture and that LGI1 null hippocampus has fewer dendritic mushroom spines than in wild-type (WT) littermates. Further, our electrophysiological investigations demonstrate that LGI1 null hippocampal neurons possess fewer and weaker synapses. RhoA activity is significantly increased in cortical cultures derived from LGI1 null mice and using a reconstituted system; we show directly that LGI1 antagonizes NgR1-tumor necrosis factor receptor orphan Y (TROY) signaling. Our data suggests that LGI1 enhances synapse formation in cortical and hippocampal neurons by reducing NgR1 signaling.
A Brain–Heart Biomarker for Epileptogenesis
Authors: Bahari Fatemeh , Ssentongo Paddy , Schiff Steven J. , Gluckman Bruce J.
Published: August 2018

Postinjury epilepsy is an potentially preventable sequela in as many as 20% of patients with brain insults. For these cases biomarkers of epileptogenesis are critical to facilitate identification of patients at high-risk of developing epilepsy and to introduce effective anti-epileptogenic interventions. Here, we demonstrate that delayed brain–heart coincidences serve as a reliable biomarker. In a murine model of post-infection acquired epilepsy, we used long-term simultaneous measurements of the brain activity via electroencephalography and autonomic cardiac activity via electrocardiography, in male mice, to quantitatively track brain–heart interactions during epileptogenesis. We find that abnormal cortical discharges precede abnormal fluctuations in the cardiac rhythm at the resolution of single beat-to-beat intervals. The delayed brain–heart coincidence is detectable as early as the onset of chronic measurements, 2–14 weeks before the first seizure, only in animals that become epileptic, and increases during epileptogenesis. Therefore, delayed brain–heart coincidence serves as a biomarker of epileptogenesis and could be used for phenotyping, diagnostic, and therapeutic purposes.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNo biomarker that readily predicts and tracks epileptogenesis currently exists for the wide range of human acquired epilepsies. Here, we used long-term measurements of brain and heart activity in a mouse model of post-infection acquired epilepsy to investigate the potential of brain–heart interaction as a biomarker of epileptogenesis. We found that delayed coincidences from brain to heart can clearly separate the mice that became epileptic from those that did not weeks before development of epilepsy. Our findings allow for phenotyping and tracking of epileptogenesis in this and likely other models of acquired epilepsy. Such capability is critical for efficient adjunctive treatment development and for tracking the efficacy of such treatments.
Thalamus Controls Development and Expression of Arousal States in Visual Cortex
Authors: Murata Yasunobu , Colonnese Matthew T.
Published: August 2018

Two major checkpoints of development in cerebral cortex are the acquisition of continuous spontaneous activity and the modulation of this activity by behavioral state. Despite the critical importance of these functions, the circuit mechanisms of their development remain unknown. Here we use the rodent visual system as a model to test the hypothesis that the locus of circuit change responsible for the developmental acquisition of continuity and state dependence measured in sensory cortex is relay thalamus, rather than the local cortical circuitry or the interconnectivity of the two structures. We conducted simultaneous recordings in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) and primary visual cortex (VC) of awake, head-fixed male and female rats using linear multielectrode arrays throughout early development. We find that activity in dLGN becomes continuous and positively correlated with movement (a measure of state dependence) on P13, the same day as VC, and that these properties are not dependent on VC activity. By contrast, silencing dLGN after P13 causes activity in VC to become discontinuous and movement to suppress, rather than augment, cortical firing, effectively reversing development. Thalamic bursting, a core characteristic of non-aroused states, emerged later, on P16, suggesting these processes are developmentally independent. Together our results indicate that cellular or circuit changes in relay thalamus are critical drivers for the maturation of background activity, which occurs around term in humans.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe developing brain acquires two crucial features, continuous spontaneous activity and its modulation by arousal state, around term in humans and before the onset of sensory experience in rodents. This developmental transition in cortical activity, as measured by electroencephalogram (EEG), is an important milestone for normal brain development and indicates a good prognosis for babies born preterm and/or suffering brain damage such as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. By using the awake rodent visual system as a model, we identify changes occurring at the level of relay thalamus, the major input to cortex, as the critical driver of EEG maturation. These results could help understand the circuit basis of human EEG development to improve diagnosis and treatment of infants in vulnerable situations.
Singing Herself: Adelina Patti and the Performance of Femininity
Authors: Freitas Roger
Published: August 2018

By any measure, Adelina Patti (1843–1919) must be considered the leading singer, if not the leading musician, of the later nineteenth century. Her sizable body of recordings (twenty-eight) makes her a key witness to late nineteenth-century performance style. Her great celebrity also ensured lavish written documentation of her life, including what she did, what people said about her, and sometimes what she said about herself. In this article I bring together these two types of material to consider a central aspect of Patti's life and artistry: her relationship to contemporary notions of femininity. Like all women who entertained before the public, Patti contended with the taint of immorality. I argue that her response to that taint shaped both her overall conduct and her particular vocalism. For while in truth her way of life fundamentally contradicted the reigning ideals of womanhood, Patti projected in her dress, her makeup, her public statements, her published imagery, and, most importantly, her stage characterizations and vocal styling the most perfect manifestation of femininity available: the virginal ingénue. The consistency of this self-performance encourages the identification of a similar persona in her singing, and indeed through close readings of several recordings I expose what I call her “maidenly mode,” a vocal strategy analogous to her other ingenuous representations. If many, like Verdi, found in Patti a “perfect equilibrium between singer and actress,” her example can begin to suggest to us what it meant to sound like an ingénue in late nineteenth-century Europe.
Mental health of working-age populations in Japan who provide nursing care for a person at home: A cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Eguchi Hisashi , Wada Koji
Published: August 2018

Objectives

This study investigated potential associations between having a person in need of nursing care at home and psychological distress amongst the Japanese working population, using a nationally representative sample.

Methods

We extracted data from the 2013 Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions conducted by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan. The original survey was conducted amongst 295,367 households in 5,530 randomly selected municipalities. We analyzed participants aged 25-65 years who headed a household. The original questionnaire included questions about the specific qualifications required to receive long-term care insurance benefits, about psychological distress (measured using the K6 scale), and other covariates. If a family contained a member in need of nursing care at home, the person who headed that household was recognized as the participant who had a person in need of nursing care at home. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the association between having a person in need of nursing care at home and psychological distress.

Results

A total of 36,193 men and 2,765 women were included in the analysis, 2.9% of whom had a person in need of nursing care at home. Statistical analysis revealed an association between having a care-requiring older relative at home and psychological distress (odds ratio: 1.40, 95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.93).

Conclusions

Having a person in need of nursing care at home appears to be positively correlated with worsening mental health of working populations in Japan.
Marijuana Use During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Implications for Neonatal and Childhood Outcomes
Authors: Ryan Sheryl A. , Ammerman Seth D. , O’Connor Mary E. ,   COMMITTEE ON SUBSTANCE USE AND PREVENTION,   SECTION ON BREASTFEEDING, Gonzalez Lucien , Patrick Stephen W. , Quigley Joanna , Walker Leslie R. , Meek Joan Younger ,   IBCLC, Johnston Margreete , Stellwagen Lisa , Thomas Jennifer , Ware Julie
Published: August 2018

Marijuana is one of the most widely used substances during pregnancy in the United States. Emerging data on the ability of cannabinoids to cross the placenta and affect the development of the fetus raise concerns about both pregnancy outcomes and long-term consequences for the infant or child. Social media is used to tout the use of marijuana for severe nausea associated with pregnancy. Concerns have also been raised about marijuana use by breastfeeding mothers. With this clinical report, we provide data on the current rates of marijuana use among pregnant and lactating women, discuss what is known about the effects of marijuana on fetal development and later neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes, and address implications for education and policy.
Cidadão Sensor e Cidade Inteligente: Análise dos Aplicativos Móveis da Bahia
Authors: Lemos André Luiz Martins , Araujo Nayra Veras de
Published: August 2018

O presente artigo apresenta um mapeamento dos aplicativos para dispositivos móveis disponíveis aos cidadãos pelo poder executivo do governo do Estado da Bahia e da Prefeitura Municipal de Salvador. Busca-se analisar suas funcionalidades, serviços, setores e atividades. Está em jogo a ideia de um "cidadão inteligente" como um fornecedor de informação aos poderes públicos. Os resultados revelam uma visão tecnocrática, centrada mais na oferta de serviços no ambiente on-line e na gestão dos problemas do que na comunicação ampla entre os cidadãos. Os dados da pesquisa são apresentados em três aspectos: contexto do governo móvel e das smart cities; as características dos "cidadão-sensor" e descrição e análise dos aplicativos oficiais da Prefeitura e do Governo da Bahia.
Jornalistas expostos e vulneráveis: ataques digitais como modalidade de risco profissional
Authors: Christofoletti Rogério , Torres Ricardo José
Published: August 2018

O jornalismo é uma atividade de risco, que pode afetar a integridade física, a saúde mental e a convivência social dos seus. Nos últimos anos, acompanhamos a emergência e consolidação de outros perigos relacionados ao ecossistema digital que rondam as redações, comprometem a liberdade comunicacional e a segurança de organizações e jornalistas. Para discutir isso, analisamos 80 relatórios que registram formas de cerceamento, violações a jornalistas e ataques à liberdade de imprensa de nove organizações não-governamentais. O período de análise (2001-2016) demonstra a pouca visibilidade desses riscos e a insuficiência no enfrentamento do problema. O corpus monitora sobretudo agressões físicas, mortes e perseguições, mas é necessário também observar o avanço de casos de invasão de privacidade, vigilância, ameaças e outras violações dos direitos digitais dos jornalistas. Este artigo define risco digital tendo como foco ataques digitais que afetam jornalistas.
A Noção de Engajamento: sentidos e armadilhas para a pesquisa em comunicação
Authors: Grohmann Rafael
Published: August 2018

Na busca por compreender as atividades dos sujeitos em processos comunicacionais, surgem algumas expressões como participação, empoderamento e engajamento. O artigo busca problematizar os sentidos da noção de “engajamento” e seus impactos e armadilhas para a pesquisa em comunicação. De um sentido político a um envolvimento com obras midiáticas e marcas, a noção se refaz. Após explorar algumas obras que tratam de engajamento em estudos de comunicação (principalmente a pesquisa inglesa em comunicação e os estudos de fãs), questionamos seu uso e sugerimos uma alternativa no sentido de reconectar as atividades comunicacionais e midiáticas dos sujeitos às práticas sociais mais gerais.
Vazamentos como acontecimento jornalístico: notas sobre performatividade mediática de atores sociais
Authors: Carvalho Carlos Alberto , Bruck Mozahir Salomão
Published: August 2018

Referenciados na interceptação e divulgação de conversa telefônica mantida entre a presidenta Dilma Roussef e o ex-presidente Lula, discutimos neste artigo a performatividade do acontecimento jornalístico, sob a forma dos vazamentos intencionais para os media. Em que medida, segundo proposição de Pierre Nora, modifica-se o estatuto ontológico e teórico do acontecimento, quando este não mais poderia existir sem a presença dos media, torna-se uma das questões centrais aqui discutidas. A aliança entre os media, setores do judiciário, do Ministério Público e da Polícia Federal são ainda considerados vitais para esclarecer as tentativas de deter os transbordamentos de sentidos e os impactos dos vazamentos tornados acontecimentos, o que é parte do que entendemos como performatividades envolvidas em jogos de poder a que está sujeito qualquer acontecimento.
Jovem Guarda versus MPB: A construção midiática da guerra
Authors: Garson Marcelo
Published: August 2018

A década de 60 assistiu à reorganização das relações de poder na música popular brasileira, a partir da emergência de uma nova geração de artistas jovens. Se hoje são classificados em dois grandes grupos tidos como antagônicos, Jovem Guarda e MPB, trata-se, em larga medida, das consequências de uma "guerra" que se forjou naquela mesma década, tendo a televisão como palco privilegiado, mas também se desdobrando em revistas, jornais, cinema e rádio. Utilizando-se da análise do discurso de viés boudiesiano, o estudo de algumas de suas “batalhas” destacadas, busca compreender de que forma essas disputas e tensões afetaram decisivamente as hierarquias da música popular dos anos 60. Ao longo do texto, percebe-se que a divisão em grupos não é somente o resultado das diferenças inegáveis de repertório, classe social e inclinação ideológica dos protagonistas, mas antes é um resultado da “guerra” que através de estratégias discursivas instrumentalizou a separação e acabou por nublar uma série de trânsitos, encontros e demandas que MPB e Jovem Guarda experimentaram.
A distribuição geográfica das estações locais de TV no Brasil
Authors: Pieranti Octavio Penna
Published: August 2018

A TV expandiu-se, no Brasil, de forma pouco planejada, configurando um cenário de desigualdades regionais. Este artigo analisa a distribuição geográfica das estações locais de TV e questiona se ela, no Brasil, pode ser efetivamente caracterizada como meio de comunicação local. Para atingir esse objetivo, o autor promoveu o cruzamento de bases de dados públicas, do IBGE e da Anatel, em perspectiva não adotada em estudos anteriores. Verificou-se, por fim, que apenas pouco mais da metade dos cidadãos residentes no país tem acesso a pelo menos um canal que insira programação localmente. A maior parte desses canais legalmente pode inserir conteúdos por pouco tempo. Observa-se, também, desigualdade regional na distribuição dessas outorgas, em parte graças à política de incentivo específica voltada à região da Amazônia Legal.
Hiperjornalismo: Uma visada sobre fake news a partir da autoridade jornalística
Authors: Roxo Marco Antonio , Melo Seane
Published: August 2018

Neste artigo, procuramos contribuir para o debate sobre fake news a partir da noção de era do “hiperjornalismo”. Com essa proposta, deslocamos o ponto de vista das ferramentas ou soluções disponíveis para evitar a propagação de notícias falsas em sites de redes sociais para uma reflexão sobre as condições de emergência desse fenômeno. Nossa hipótese é de que as notícias falsas também são consequência de um movimento a partir do qual o campo jornalístico consegue impor suas regras internas para outros campos de produção. Com base nisso, questionamos se é em torno das oposições entre verdade e mentira, entre investigação jornalística ou falta dela, que poderemos avançar nessa discussão e sugerimos que a discussão da veracidade não pode ser separada da discussão da autoridade e do pacto de credibilidade entre meios de comunicação e cidadãos
ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY TACTICS IN HYPERTENSIVE CRISE COMPLICATED BY HAEMORRHAGIC STROKE
Authors: Gendlin G. E. , Melekhov A. V. , Ostrovskaya Yu. I. , Storozhakov G. I. , Gorshkov K. M. , Sokolan D. B. , Aliev I. S. , Voropaeva I. A.
Published: August 2018

Aim. To identify the optimal tactics of antihypertensive therapy (AHT) in patients with hypertensive crise (HC), complicated by haemorrhagic stroke (HS).

Material and methods. Forty patients aged 46–87 years, who were hospitalised with HC and HS as its complication.

Results. All patients were divided into two groups, according to the median levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP) at 20 minutes after the start of the treatment: SBP >161 mm Hg vs. SBP <161 mm Hg. A significantly better survival was observed in patients with a higher degree of the 20-minute SBP eduction. In addition, patients were divided into tertiles of the 20-minute SBP levels. Participants with SBP 136–149 mm Hg demonstrated a significantly better survival. The degree of SBP reduction at 220 minutes was not significantly associated with survival. Furthermore, the patients were divided into two groups by the rate of SBP reduction. Faster rates were associated with a better survival (PGW=0,002). The second part of the study was focused on the assessment of effectiveness and safety of urapidil hydrochloride (Ebrantil). The patients were randomised into two groups: one group was administered Ebrantil, while another received the standard neuroresuscitation unit treatment. Ebrantil therapy demonstrated a fast and effective SBP reduction at 20 minutes, which was also associated with a better survival.

Conclusion. We identified optimal, associated with a better survival, BP levels (136–149 mm Hg) for patients with HC complicated by HS. Target BP levels should be achieved within 20 minutes, as a slower BP reduction is linked to a worse prognosis. Ebrantil is an effective and safe antihypertensive medication.
REGISTERS IN CARDIOLOGY: THEIR PRINCIPLES, RULES, AND REAL-WORD POTENTIAL
Authors: Boytsov S. A. , Martsevich S. Yu. , Kutishenko N. P. , Drozdova L. Yu. , Lukyanov M. M. , Zagrebelnyi A. V. , Ginzburg M. I.
Published: August 2018

The article presents the main goals, tasks, principles, and methodological aspects of the cardiology register development. The authors describe the main types of registers, provide the examples, and specify the key principles of the register development and maintenance. In addition, they discuss the role of both long- and short-term registers in solving a wide range of important research tasks, particularly in the areas of effectiveness and safety of cardiovascular pharmacotherapy and the survival prognosis for specific nosological forms. The task-specific limitations of registers are also discussed.
ATORVASTATIN IN PRIMARY PREVENTION AMONG MEN WITH HIGH CORONARY RISK LEVELS
Authors: Osipova I. V. , Pyrikova N. V. , Antropova O. N. , Zaltsman A. G. , Miroshnichenko A. I. , Kurbatova I. I.
Published: August 2018

Aim.To assess the effectiveness of a complex programme of primary cardiovascular prevention, including statin therapy (Liptonorm), among men from an occupational sample who have high coronary risk levels.

Material and methods.The occupational sample included male train drivers and train driver assistants, aged 40–55 yeas. The primary prevention programme included the assessment of the risk factors (RFs) and SCORE risk levels; the development of an individual prevention plan; the Workplace Health School, with Self-Control Diary distribution; and the 6-month administration of Liptonorm (mean dose 14,7±5,1 mg/d) in the high-risk group.

Results.In 2010–2011, 224 men participated in the primary prevention programme. The high-risk group, as assessed by the SCORE scale, comprised 14,3%. The results of preventive measures, including the 6-month Liptonorm therapy, are presented for the high-risk group. In particular, 29,4% of the men stopped smoking. The daily number of cigarettes smoked at workplace decreased by 5,1. Consumption of >2 drinks per day, overweight, and abdominal obesity prevalence decreased by 12,5%. The prevalence of insufficient rest time and night sleep <7 hours decreased by 28,1%. Fifty per cent of men increased their physical activity levels, while 34,4% increased their consumption of vegetables. Mean levels of blood pressure reduced by 5 mm Hg. Liptonorm therapy was associated with the achievement of target levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (in 84,4%) and the reduction in the levels of triglycerides (by 0,2 mmol/l), total cholesterol (by 1,3 mmol/l), and LDL cholesterol (by 0,7 mmol/l). As a result, the levels of total cardiovascular risk decreased by 1,7%. Therefore, at baseline, out of 224 men, 14,3% had high SCORE levels; after the preventive intervention, this proportion was only 3,6%, as 10,7% moved into the category of moderate SCORE risk.

Conclusion.The workplace administration of the complex preventive programme, including statin administration, facilitates modification of behavioural RFs, achievement of target blood lipid levels, and total coronary risk reduction.
NON-SPECIFIC CONGENITAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISORDERS AS AN INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR OF STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ARTERIAL CHANGES
Authors: Semenkin A. A. , Drokina O. V. , Nechaeva G. I. , Zhivilova L. A. , Zhenatov A. B.
Published: August 2018

Aim. To assess the impact of non-specific congenital connective tissue disorders (CCTD) on the changes in arterial stiffness and endothelial function; to study the role of CCTD as an independent predictor of structural and functional arterial changes.

Material and methods. The study included 147 18–50-year-old men and women with CCTD and 85 healthy volunteers, comparable by age and gender (controls). All participants underwent a screening assessment of cardiovascular risk factors (RFs) and the assessment of heart rate variability (HRV), pulse wave velocity (PWV) at baseline (PWVbas) and after sublingual administration of nitroglycerin (PWVntg), and endothelium-dependent vasodilatation (EDVD), assessed by photopletismography.

Results. Compared to the control group, CCTD patients had lower values of body mass index (p<0,001), waist circumference, WC (p<0,001), hip circumference, HC (p<0,001), WC/HC ratio (p<0,005), systolic blood pressure (p<0,05), total cholesterol (p<0,001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<0,005), atherogenicity index (p<0,05), and triglycerides (p<0,005). Moreover, CCTD patients were characterized by sympathetic activation, increased PWVbas (p<0,001), PWVntg (p<0,05), and EDVD (p<0,001). According to the results of stepwise multivariate analyses of the whole sample data, CCTD was a significant independent predictor of PWVbas (p<0,001), PWVntg (p<0,005), and EDVD (p<0,005 and <0,05 in men and women, respectively).

Conclusion. Patients with CCTD demonstrated increased arterial stiffness and endothelium-dependent vasodilatation, compared to healthy controls. Independently from cardiovascular RFs and autonomic dysregulation, CCTD is a significant predictor of structural and functional arterial changes and can also have a prognostic value. These findings should be taken into account in the studies which assess vascular parameters.
MAJOR CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN A YOUNG WORKING POPULATION
Authors: Koryagina N. A. , Ryamzina I. N. , Shaposhnikova A. I. , Koltyrina E. N.
Published: August 2018

Aim. To assess the prevalence of major risk factors (RFs) of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a young working population.

Material and methods. This cross-sectional study included 1832 respondents (70% men and 30% women; mean age 29,44±8,6 years). The levels of blood pressure (BP), total cholesterol (TCH), and body mass index (BMI), as well as the prevalence of smoking, were assessed.

Results. Elevated office BP levels were registered in 10,5%, and isolated ambulatory arterial hypertension (AH) in 10%. Overall, AH prevalence in this young working population was 20%. Elevated BP was registered in 34,2% of individuals with hypercholesterolemia (TCH >5 mmol/l), compared to 18,2% in people with TCH <5 mmol/l (p<0,001).

Conclusion. The most prevalent CVD RFs in working people under 40 were obesity and AH.
CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM DISORDERS AND CORONARY HEART DISEASE: PROGNOSTIC VALUE AND REVASCULARISATION EFFECTIVENESS
Authors: Kremneva L. V. , Pursanova T. S. , Abaturova O. V.
Published: August 2018

This literature review presents the data on the prevalence and prognostic value of carbohydrate metabolism disorders, such as Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and pre-diabetes — fasting hyperglycaemia and impaired glucose tolerance), among patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). The authors present the results of large studies on comparative effectiveness of modern pharmacological treatment and myocardial revascularisation (percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass graft surgery) in patients with CHD and DM.
GENETIC FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EFFECTIVENESS AND SAFETY OF LONG-TERM ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY
Authors: Burkova T. V. , Goncharova I. A.
Published: August 2018

Late postoperative thrombotic and haemorrhagic complications in anticoagulant-treated patients remain one of the key problems of the modern clinical medicine. At present, the most widely used anticoagulant is warfarin, a vitamin K antagonist. One of the reasons for a pathological reaction to the therapeutic concentration of warfarin could be individual features of warfarin metabolism, determined by relevant genes. The literature data suggest that protein-coding CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genes play an important role in the development of postoperative complications. However, the individual warfarin dosage can be influenced by a wide range of other genetic polymorphisms.
"TREAT THE PATIENT, RATHER THAN THE DISEASE": MILDRONATE AS A COMPONENT OF COMPLEX CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY
Authors: Gordeev I. G. , Taratukhin E. O.
Published: August 2018

The paper focuses on cytoprotective and additional effects of mildronate. The emphasis is on the latest original research evidence on mildronate effects in the settings of cardiovascular and cerebral ischemia. The authors also describe the latest laboratory data on the new therapeutic potential of mildronate.
COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF FOUR ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY VARIANTS ON ARTERIAL WALL ELASTICITY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH NONVALVULAR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Shevelev V. I. , Kanorskyi S. G.
Published: August 2018

Aim.To compare the effects of various antihypertensive therapy (AHT) variants on the ultrasound-assessed elasticity of common carotid arteries (CCA) and thoracic aorta in elderly patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF).

Material and methods.In total, 364 patients (208 men and 156 women) with nonvalvular AF, aged 65–80 years, were randomised into four groups. Group I (n=91) received perindopril (5–10 mg/d); Group II (n=92) and Group III (n=90) were administered valsartan only (80–160 mg/d) or valsartan (80–160 mg/d) plus rosuvastatin (10 mg/d), respectively; and Group IV (n=91) received lercanidipine (10–20 mg/d). Vascular ultrasound methods were used to assess the thoracic aorta and CCA elasticity and ankle-brachial index.

Results.The two-year therapy with perindopril, valsartan, valsartan plus rosuvastatin, and lercanidipine was associated with the increased CCA distensibility index, reduced aortic wall stiffness, and decreased pulse wave velocity, compared to the respective baseline levels. Out of four AHT variants, the combination of valsartan (80–160 mg/d) and rosuvastatin (10 mg/d) demonstrated the largest effect on the arterial wall elasticity and the greatest reduction in the risk of ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and death.

Conclusion.While choosing AHT in elderly patients with nonvalvular AF, the combination of valsartan and rosuvastatin could be regarded as the optimal therapeutic regimen, which improves arterial wall elasticity and reduces the risk of cardiovascular complications.
ALCOHOL AND THE RISK OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASE: CONTROL STRATEGIES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Maslennikova G. Ya. , Oganov R. G.
Published: August 2018

Alcohol and the risk of non-communicable disease: control strategies in the Russian Federation.
HEALTH EFFECTS OF HOT SUMMER WEATHER IN PATIENTS WITH INTERMEDIATE AND HIGH CARDIOVASCULAR RISK
Authors: Smirnova M. D. , Ageev F. T. , Svirida O. N. , Ratova L. G. , Konovalova G. G. , Tikhadze A. K. , Lankin V. Z.
Published: August 2018

Background. The potential global warming justifies the need for further investigation of the impact of abnormally hot summer weather on health and the prevention of these negative health effects.

Aim. To study the effects of extreme climatic conditions (hot weather) on hemodynamics, electrolyte metabolism, oxidative stress (OS), and quality of life (QoL) in cardiac patients.

Material and methods. In total, the study included 123 patients (52 men and 76 women) with intermediate (17,3%) and high or very high (82,7%) cardiovascular risk. The following parameters were assessed: office blood pressure (BP), pulse wave velocity (PWV), plasma levels of potassium (K), sodium (Na), oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL), and malondialdehyde (MDA), erythrocyte activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and MDA/SOD ratio. The QoL scale, Shikhan clinical anxiety scale, and a questionnaire specifically designed for this study were also used.

Results. Subjective health deterioration in hot weather was reported by 46,3% of the participants. The number of cardiovascular events (CVE) was higher during the hot weather period, compared to the following period (p=0,009). Hot weather was associated with a reduction in the levels of systolic BP (SAD; p=0,004), diastolic BP (DBP; p=0,04), PWV (p=0,05), and heart rate (HR; p=0,06). The levels of Na were elevated by the second visit (p=0,002). The number of CVE during the hot weather period negatively correlated with the dynamics of PWV (r= –0,304, p<0,001), SBP (r= –0,225, p=0,009), and DBP (r= –0,292, p=0,001) and positively correlated with the Na concentration dynamics. There was a negative correlation between QoL and age (r= –0,202, p=0,03). The hot weather period was characterised by the OS development, with the OS regression during the subsequent colder period.

Conclusion. Hot summer weather, even within the climatic norm range, is associated with increased CVE risk in some cardiac patients. Negative health effects of hot weather were self-reported by 46,3% of participants. Inadequate heat adaptation was linked to OS development, lesser degree of BP and PWV reduction, more pronounced Na elevation, and older age.
CARDIOSYNCHRONOUS ELECTROMYOSTIMULATION IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE HEART FAILURE
Authors: Ivanov G. G. , Orkvasov M. Yu. , Khalabi G.
Published: August 2018

Aim.To study the effectiveness of the external cardiosynchronous electromyostimulation (ECSEMS) in patients with different variants of acute heart failure (AHF).

Material and methods.The study included 62 AHF patients: Group I — those receiving only standard pharmacological therapy; and Group II — those in whom standard pharmacological therapy was ineffective after 12 hours, and who were also administered ECSEMS sessions for the next 7 days. The examination included multi-frequency bio-impedance measurement and dispersion mapping.

Results.Clinical symptoms were less severe in Group I. In 64% of the Group II patients, the combination treatment was associated with a positive dynamics of the water balance parameters. The 7-day ECSEMS, as a part of the complex management of AHF patients, significantly reduced the one-month lethality, although did not change the one-year survival.

Conclusion.The ECSEMS method could be used in order to increase the effectiveness of the conservative treatment of AHF patients.
ETHNIC FEATURES OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION PREVALENCE IN SMALL TOWN AND COUNTRYSIDE RESIDENTS OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC: RESULTS OF THE INTERNATIONAL STUDY INTEREPID
Authors: Polupanov A. G. , Kontsevaya A. V. , Khalmatov A. N. , Altymysheva A. T. , Suvorova E. I. , Romanova T. A. , Khudyakov M. B. , Shalnova S. A. , Dzhumagulova A. S.
Published: August 2018

Aim. To study the prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH) in the population of Kyrgyz small towns and countryside and to analyse ethnic features of AH.

Material and methods. This cross-sectional epidemiologic study was performed as a part of the international study INTEREPID. A random sample of small town and countryside residents included 1774 people. The examination included a questionnaire survey, measurement of blood pressure, height, weight, and waist circumference, and laboratory tests. AH prevalence was age-standardised.

Results. In Kyrgyz small town and countryside residents aged 18–65 years, the prevalence of AH was 44% (33,2% in men and 46,7% in women). Among Kyrgyz participants, AH prevalence was significantly lower than in their Russian peers (36,8% vs. 46,2%, respectively). This difference was observed in women, while men did not demonstrate any marked ethnic differences in AH prevalence.

Conclusion. The results obtained suggest that AH prevalence in the Kyrgyz Republic is high (with a 40–50% increase over the past 20 years) and is characterised by marked gender and ethnic differences. Further research is required to identify whether race/ethnic group could be a risk factor for AH development.
MORTALITY AND LOST YEARS OF LIFE AS A RESULT OF CARDIOVASCULAR PREMATURE DEATHS
Authors: Boitsov S. A. , Samorodskaya I. V.
Published: August 2018

Aim. Disability and Life-Year Loss (DALYs) is an important healthcare indicator. The first step in DALYs estimation is the measurement of lost years of life due to premature death. To explore the age-sex related statistics of cardiovascular (CV) deaths in Russian Federation (RF); lost years of life (LYL) due to premature death; and to compare those in different regions of RF with the parameter by 100 thousands of population.

Material and methods. Russan Statistic Agency (RosStat) data on population and mortality by age intervals and gender for the year 2012.For each age interval the values of CVM and LYL were calculated.

Results. The relative risk of cardiovascular death is much higher in men than in women at the age 30–62; maximum of additional death risk (by 100 thousands) is in age groups of 60–90 years. The portion of those who died from CVD at <60 y. o. is 30% in men and 8,4% in women; at >80 y. o. — 18,8% and 48,2%, respectively. The portion of CVM from total mortality in 2012 is 55,4%; at the same time LYL proportion from the entire premature deaths was 38% (36% for men and 42% for women). LYL due to premature CD death was 9797 by 100 thousands in RF in general (13211,9 in men and 6854,2 in women with the variety in different regions from 2058 to 10889 in women and from 3350 to 22122 in men, by 100 thousands).

Conclusion. Further investigation required to clarify higher risk for men in economically active ages and significant regional variability in LYL.