bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Civilization as a Political Construct
Authors: Stepanyants Marietta
Published: May 2021

The article examines the recent increase of claims for the right to join the prestigious list of civilizations, the increased preference for the status of civilizational identity as a wider community rather than ethnic or religious. The claims for being acknowledged as a civilization are dictated by a number of reasons, all of which are actualized in connection with the fundamental domestic political and foreign policy changes observed in the world.
The former Soviet republics face the difficulties of transition from the status of the Soviet republic to sovereign statehood. Their political and business elites are engaged in the he search for a "national idea" in order to implement the political policy chosen by them. A striking example of this is the ideological project "Seven Faces of the Great Steppe", the key message of which is to "re-ignite" the history of the Kazakhs by proving the "continuity of civilizational history" of Kazakhstan as "the main heir to the Steppe civilization". Thus there is a concern about the need to ensure the cohesion of fellow citizens around the "national idea" in the name of implementing the political course chosen by the authorities. A clear example of this is the nomination of programs like Kazakhstan's Rouhani 'Jiru" ideologically based on the project "Seven facets of the Great Steppe". The key message of the project is to "extend history" of the Kazakhs back to antiquity by proving the "continuity of civilizational history" of Kazakhstan, "the main heir to the Steppe Civilization".
In India, increased interest in civilizational identification is associated with difficulties in effective modernization. In search of a national model of development, there is an appeal to archaic. The use of a "civilizational approach" in ideology and politics can lead to an apology of tradition, equated with a backward past. The danger of such an approach is compounded when it is a political construct created by the power elite, much less the sole leader.
Thought at the beginning: Bibikhin
Authors: Neretina Svetlana
Published: May 2021

The article is a presentation of a report read at the Second Bibikhin Readings on December 10–12, 2020. The idea of the beginning of thought is the main one. An attempt is made to comprehend the moment when something begins, which is difficult to grasp, because the expressed thought is a thought that has already shown itself. Augustine, speaking of time, compared it with stretching the soul, primarily with the thought of death, for it was time that introduced it into life. I wanted to grasp such a thought in speech, in a gesture of speech through what is said, and through the utterance of what is said, when, in fact, a distortion of thought occurs, which makes an attempt to align itself through endless corrections and clarifications. When pronouncing/writing, there is a transition from time 0 to its beginning. Vladimir Veniaminovich drew attention to this implicitness of thought, since the beginning must occur in the element of free thinking. "Decisive occurs in the first invisible nonspatial movement of the mind". Bibikhin called this the desire for "contact with the rare".
Прикладная социальная психология в психологическом консультировании
Authors: Yakimanskaya I. S. , Molokostova A. M.
Published: May 2021

Пособие представляет собой специальный информативный курс по психологическому консультированию в современных сферах жизнедеятельности общества. Раскрыт основной теоретический материал практический материал по оказанию разных форм психологической помощи с учетом закономерностей социального поведения индивидов и групп. Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов, обучающихся по программам высшего образования по направлению подготовки 37.03.01 Психология, специализирующихся по консультативной и социальной психологии; для специалистов, чья деятельность связана с оказанием психологической помощи отдельным индивидам и организациям
Rebellious Priests? : The Catholic Clergy and the Diet, 1764-1765
Authors: Forgó András
Published: May 2021

The study of the eighteenth-century parliament has intensified in Hungary over the past decade and a half. This tendency is part of a larger European historiographical trend which has revalued the role of the Diets in the study of eighteenth-century political decision-making and political culture. The Hungarian Diet of 1764–1765 is traditionally seen as an outstanding political event in the century, and at the same time as a turning point of the reign of Maria Theresa. After the bitter experiences gained here, she did not convene the estates of Hungary during the remaining fifteen years of her reign, she rather ruled the country by decrees with the help of the institutions of the estates in Hungary. This study is looking for the answer to the question of how the clergy’s opposition to the politics of the court is represented in the sources and how the “change of sides” by the chapter representatives can be grasped in the parliamentary debates.
With or without Estates? : Governorship in Hungary in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Kulcsár Krisztina
Published: May 2021

In the eighteenth century, the Hungarian estates had the greatest influence among the estates of the provinces of the Habsburg Monarchy. The main representative of the estates was the palatine, appointed by the monarch but elected by the estates at the Diet. He performed substantial judicial, administrative, financial, and military tasks in the Kingdom of Hungary. After 1526, the Habsburg sovereigns opted to rule the country on several occasions through governors who were appointed precisely because of the broad influence of the palatine. In this essay, I examine the reasons why the politically strong Hungarian estates in the eighteenth century accepted the appointment of governors instead of a palatine. I also consider what the rights and duties of these governors were, the extent to which these rights and duties differed from those of the palatine, and what changes they went through in the early modern period. I show how the idea and practice of appointing archdukes as governors or palatines was conceived and evolved at the end of the eighteenth century. The circumstances of these appointments of Francis Stephen of Lorraine, future son-in-law of Charles VI, Prince Albert of Saxony(-Teschen), future son-in-law of Maria Theresa and Archduke Joseph, shed light on considerations and interests which lay in the background of the compromises and political bargains made between the Habsburg(-Lorraine) rulers and the Hungarian estates.
The Sensuous Pedagogies of Virginia Woolf and D.H. Lawrence
Authors: Hagen Benjamin D.
Published: May 2021

Though the differences in style and politics between Virginia Woolf (1882–1941) and D. H. Lawrence (1885–1930) are many, they both had formative experiences as teachers. Between 1905 and 1907, Woolf taught history and composition courses at Morley College while Lawrence spent nearly a decade in the field of elementary education between 1902 and 1912. This study reframes Woolf’s and Lawrence’s later experiments in fiction, memoir, and literary criticism as the works of former teachers who remain deeply preoccupied with pedagogy. Across their respective writing careers, moreover, they conceptualize problems of teaching and learning as problems of sensation, emotion, or intensity. The “sensuous pedagogies” Woolf and Lawrence depict and enact are not limited to classroom spaces or strategies; rather, they pertain to non-institutional relationships, developmental narratives, spaces, and needs. Friendships and other intimate relationships in Lawrence’s fiction, for instance, often take on a pedagogical shape or texture (one person playing the student; the other, the teacher) while Woolf’s literary criticism models a novel approach to taste-training that prioritizes the individual freedom of common readers who must learn to attend to books that give them pleasure. Sensuous Pedagogies also reads Lawrence’s literary criticism as reparative, Woolf’s fiction as sustained feminist pedagogy, and their respective theories of life and love as fundamentally entangled with pedagogical concerns.
Dust Formation in the Nova V1533 Scorpii
Authors: Rudy Richard J. , Russell Ray W. , Sitko Michael L.
Published: May 2021

We present infrared spectroscopy from two epochs of V1533 Scorpii (=Nova Scorpii 2013); one from immediately before dust formation and a second, from one month later when dust formation was complete. The pre-dust spectrum shows strong lines of C i, features that weakened considerably but were still present after dust formation. Also present in the post-formation spectrum was O i emission from the neutral region, indicating that dust formation did not full deplete either carbon or oxygen. While thermal emission from the dust, of a temperature very close to 870 K, dominated the later spectrum, the extinction did not change measurably between epochs, indicating that little or no dust blocked the line-of-sight. Although carbon monoxide was not detected in the first epoch spectrum, weak emission from molecular hydrogen may have been present.
Physical Constraints on Motility with Applications to Possible Life on Mars and Enceladus
Authors: Lingam Manasvi , Loeb Abraham
Published: May 2021

Motility is a ubiquitous feature of microbial life on Earth, and is widely regarded as a promising biosignature candidate. In the search for motile organisms, it is therefore valuable to have rough estimates for the number of such microbes that one may expect to find in a given area or volume. In this work, we explore this question by employing a simple theoretical model that takes into account the amount of free energy available in a given environment and the energetic cost of motility. We present heuristic upper bounds for the average biomass density and the number density of motile lifeforms for the Martian subsurface and the ocean of Enceladus by presuming that the motile microbes in question derive their energy from methanogenesis. We consequently demonstrate that the resultant densities of motile organisms might be potentially comparable to, or much lower than, the total microbial densities documented in various extreme environments on Earth.
Determination of amino acids of some plants from Gentianaceae family
Authors: Budniak Liliia , Slobodianiuk Liudmyla , Marchyshyn Svitlana , Demydiak Olha , Dakhym Iryna
Published: May 2021

Medicines from plants are widely used in the complex treatment of different diseases every day. Therefore, theoretical and practical interest is the in-depth study of the herb of perspective plants like Centaurium erythraea Rafn. and Gentiana cruciata L. These plants have a long history of usage and interest of people. The aim of the study was to determine the content of amino acids in these plants. The amino acids composition and content in the herb of study species of the family Gentianaceae determined by the HPLC method. The results of the research revealed that the raw material of Centaurium erythraea Rafn. and Gentiana cruciata L. contains free and bound amino acids. Sixteen free and seventeen bound amino acids were identified in the herb of Centaurium erythraea Rafn. The herb of Gentiana cruciata L. contained thirteen free and fifteen bound amino acids. L-glutamic acid, L-arginine, L-aspartic acid, and L-cystine were predominant of Centaurium erythraea Rafn. herb. Amino acids L-lysine, L-serine, L-aspartic acid, and L-phenylalanine were present in the herb of Gentiana cruciata L. in the greatest amount. The metabolic processes in which these amino acids are involved connected to the medicinal properties of the study plants according to their use in official or nontraditional medicine.
Experimental evaluation of the effect of different design conditions on the risk of decay in solid wood exposed to outdoor climate
Authors: Conde-García M. , Conde-García M. , Tenorio-Ríos J.A. , Fernández-Golfín J.
Published: May 2021

Wood decay have the greatest impact on in-service wood structural elements. In most cases, decay is associated with excessive accumulation of moisture in the wood. The structural design conditions have an effect on the wood moisture content and this affects the service life of the material. In this study, which involved an experimental trial specifically designed to embrace different structural design conditions, the moisture content evolution in different places affected by different design conditions was evaluated over a period of three years in Madrid (Spain). The effect of protection by eaves, separation from the ground and the vertical or horizontal arrangement of the wood elements on the monthly evolution of the moisture content and decay risk are assessed.
Student Practice In 3D Design and Printing for Promoting Analytical and Applied Mathematical Thinking Skills
Authors: Levin Laura , Verner Igor M.
Published: May 2021

The educational literature emphasizes the key role of analytical thinking (AT) and applied mathematical skills (AMS) in solving engineering prob-lems and calls to nurture these skills in school STEM education. This study proposes and explores a strategy for fostering AT and AMS among middle school students and prospective teachers through practice in digital design and 3D printing. The study involved 32 seventh grade students and five prospective teachers of technology. Both groups learned a 10-hour work-shop, “Make a spinning-top.” The participants designed spinning-tops that can fit into a Kinder Surprise egg and analysed their geometric and mechani-cal properties. We collected data from students’ worksheets, their designed artefacts, and in-class discussions. The results indicated that the assignment prompted the participants to apply AT and AMS. School students designed complex models, inquired into their geometry, and verified their designs through 3D printing. The worksheets were found to be an effective tool to frame and guide students’ thinking in the design tasks and the creation and testing of mathematical models. For the prospective teachers, the workshop, accompanied by lectures on the methodology of experiential learning, ena-bled to implement mathematical solutions in designs and develop instruc-tional units on the subject.
From Employable to Fully Operational: The Need for Training of Computer Science Graduates
Authors: Lundberg Gunhild Marie , Krogstie Birgit R. , Krogstie John
Published: May 2021

For graduates in computer science and informatics to get employment as IT professionals, there is a need for their education to provide the competence sought after by employers being aligned with the discipline. To become fully operational in the organization, the candidates typically also need to further develop their competence there, engaging in activities, and becoming familiar with the practices in the company. For a university offering master’s degrees in computer science and informatics, it is important to know the employers’ view of the relevance of the study programs and what is possibly considered to be lacking. Also, it is essential to know whether the missing part needed to become fully operational should be provided by the university. In this paper, we investigate these questions by asking employers of master students in IT. We use the framework of modes of identification by Wenger-Trayner and Wenger-Trayner to find out if the graduates are aligned with the discipline, engaged in activities, and able to imagine their future in an IT-position. A combination of in-depth interviews and a survey is used. Analysis of the findings shows that employers overall find the candidates’ competence from the university to be adequate. We argue that collaboration between university and industry is essential to this success, pointing to a set of key steps in the process from entering a study program to becoming fully operational in work life.
Online Education During a Pandemic – Adaptation and Impact on Student Learning
Authors: Muhammad Nasim , Srinivasan Seshasai
Published: May 2021

Universities and educational institutions worldwide had to abruptly suspend their in-person classes and offer the rest of the term in an online for-mat. This adjustment meant that instructors had to switch their instruction format and redesign their assessment strategies to ensure good quality edu-cation. In this work, we present the methods used in two courses for this transition and the impact on student learning. Specifically, we present data from two courses: second-year engineering mathematics and first-year object-oriented programming. The online instruction was delivered covering all the objectives, and the online assessment environment was designed with all possible safeguards to maintain integrity. Our data from these assessments show that the measures were successful. Further, the data indicate that while the pandemic severely impacted the first-year students, the second-year students did not experience any learning issues in the transition. We also present the lessons learned for future improvement.
The Impact of Social Networks on the Development of Students’ Social Competence
Authors: Sharov Sergii , Vorovka Marharyta , Sharova Tetiana , Zemlianska Alina
Published: May 2021

The article analyzes the possibilities which virtual social networks provide for the development of youth’s social competence. The authors analyze the results of the survey on the students’ use of virtual social networks for communication. To achieve the purpose of the research and to determine the essence and significance of social competence we used methods of analysis, synthesis and generalization of research works; the method of observation was used to identify the peculiarities of communication between young people in social networks; the method of questionnaire was used to collect information about the students’ preferences regarding the choice of specific virtual social networks for communication. The results of observations and questionnaires confirmed the suggestion that the time young people spend on online communication and surfing the Internet is increasing. The survey results of 107 students studying in Year 1-4 at the pedagogical university (Ukraine) let us make a conclusion that they often stay on virtual social networks browsing them from 2 to 4 times a day (51,4%). Almost a third of students are constantly on social networks. The most popular ones appeared to be Instagram (83,1%) and Facebook (28%). With the help of social networks students actively communicate with group mates (80,4%), friends and family (78,5%). Further research is planned to consider the ways how to avoid the negative effects of the Internet on students’ personality.
Study of the System of Scientific and Scientific-Technical Activities of Agrarian and Economic Universities
Authors: Tsvetkova Milena , Suleimenov Zhenisbek , Kondratenko Larisa , Stepanova Diana
Published: May 2021

Universities, being the center of highly qualified scientific and pedagogical personnel, have the opportunity to create scientific schools, attract young scientists to a scientific career and form a scientific elite among gifted students, thus integrating theory and practice, science and education, influencing the development of scientific knowledge. Scientific potential, the development of fundamental and applied science are criteria for the competitiveness of universities in the educational services market. Thus, it is relevant to find effective ways to train scientific personnel and comprehensively study systems of scientific and scientific-technical activities of universities. The purpose of this study is to compare scientific and scientific-technical activities of agrarian and economic universities in Russia, Kazakhstan and Bulgaria, where personnel is trained for one of the leading industries in these countries. An anonymous online survey based on a specially designed questionnaire was conducted; it involved 162 respondents from the countries above - scientific and pedagogical staff of agrarian and economic universities. The results of the present study, in comparison with the data of scientific literature, allow one to assert that the common global problems in universities are unstable funding and a decline in the prestige of a scientific career. The latter makes it difficult to attract young people to science, leads to aging of scientific personnel, dissatisfaction with work, and the risk of professional burnout. At the same time, fierce competition imposes increased requirements on the quality of universities' scientific products and their promotion in the market of research and scientific-pedagogical services. A feature of the modern world is the integration of scientific and scientific-technical activities of individual higher educational institutions into the international scientific environment, which not only provides new opportunities for research, the development of human resources, and mastery of new high technologies, but also exacerbates the problem of compliance with bioethical norms and academic decency, management of scientific resources and protection of intellectual property at all levels. As a result of the research, general and distinctive features of scientific and scientific-technical activities of agrarian and economic universities of Russia, Kazakhstan, and Bulgaria have been identified. Based on the empirical data obtained and their comparison with the results of an analytical review of scientific literature, a generalized universal model of the system of universities' scientific and scientific-technical activities has been created, which will optimize the reform process and contribute to the development of research potential.
Comparative Study of Traditional, Simulated and Real Online Remote Laboratory: Student's Perceptions in Technical Training of Electronics
Authors: Moulay Taj Amine , Fabregas Ernesto , Abouhilal Abdelmoula , Taifi Naima , Malaoui Abdessamad
Published: May 2021

The developments in technology and communication networks have enabled the possibility of establishing virtual and remote labs, providing new opportunities for students on campus and at a distance overcoming some of the limitations of hands-on labs. The impact of innovations on students' performance can be analyzed statistically by looking at specific skills or indicators, respectively. This paper addresses the lack of empirical evidence supporting electronics education innovations in three practical teaching methods, namely, hands-on, simulation, and online remote real labs. The paper reports on the application of a methodology that takes into account the interaction between students and teachers at different levels of abstraction to evaluate a DC motor laboratory practice, on 150 students at the Polydisciplinary Faculty of Beni Mellal in Morocco. In this work the students' attitudes towards a specific practical method depend on its usefulness, usability, motivation and quality of understanding; these parameters were measured using a questionnaire that considers the relationship between the student, the teacher and the practical work environment. The data collected in each type of experiment environment were was tabulated and analyzed by statistical methods. The results validate the students' satisfaction towards the environments of practical works and identify some aspects that need to be improved in future works.
Human Resources Management in the Portuguese Education System
Authors: Fernandes Diana , Machado Carolina Feliciana
Published: May 2021

Acknowledging the revival of the debate around school management models, following the criticism neoliberalism has brought into discussion, this work focusses on the human resources management paradigm in the Portuguese compulsory public education system. Analysing secondary quantitative and qualitative data, it describes the observed performance comparing it to the expected one (strategic human resources management). The system's main coordination mechanism is the standardization of competencies, centrally delegated from the Ministry of Education and Science, as so, “mobilization” is the vector in which the system is more constrained towards the expected performance, harming its potential for flexibilization and adaptation. This work concludes there is no strategic human resources management in the Portuguese compulsory public education, despite some positive efforts already being taken to overcome such situation. These insights can be used as an analytical guide to the implementation of changes towards the expected performance in the Portuguese education system.
Influence of Deformations on the Filtration Coefficient of Materials
Authors: Mikishanina E.A.
Published: May 2021

This article is devoted to the study of the filtration coefficient depending on the loads applied to the material. In filtration theory, it is classical to solve problems with a constant filtration coefficient. Moreover, due to the conditionality of the filtration coefficient value by various physical and chemical processes, both in the solid fraction and in the liquid, its value is usually determined empirically. However, it is obvious that depending on the loads applied to the material, the pore space and filtration coefficient will change. This is especially true when using various filter materials, such as concrete. The latter, depending on the brand, can absorb the liquid quite well. Therefore, assuming that the pore space is a collection of capillary tubes, the paper shows the relationship between the filtration coefficient and the average pore diameter of the material. The dependence of the material filtration coefficient on the first invariant of the stress tensor arising in the medium is found. The change in the filtration coefficient of a concrete slab at different points is shown when a force load is applied to its upper surface.
Sensitive Elements of High Temperature Pressure Sensors Formed from a Doped Polycrystalline Diamond
Authors: Vysotina Elena , Rizakhanov Razhudin , Sigalaev Sergey , Polushin Nikolay , Shokorov Vadim , Mishanin Aleksandr
Published: May 2021

The need to create highly accurate pressure sensors that capable operate under extreme conditions in aviation, rocket and space equipment increases and becomes more relevant. The unique properties of diamond make it a promising material for microelectronic sensors. Sensitive elements of pressure sensors were developed where a resilient element is formed from silicon but resistance strain gauges are formed from a boron-doped polycrystalline diamond film.
Shungite Carbon Nanoparticles as Modifiers of Zns:Cu Phosphor, Based on Analysis of the EPR Spectral Lines of Mn+2
Authors: Rozhkov S.P. , Rozhkova Natalia N. , Sychov Maxim М.
Published: May 2021

Water dispersions of shungite carbon (ShC) nanoparticles were used for modifying the particle surface of ZnS:Cu, commercial electrophosphor. The EPR spectrum of ZnS:Cu powder has parameters consistent with the paramagnetic centers of Mn+2. Modifying the phodphor surface with ShC nanoparticles results in a non-monotonic change in line width, amplitude and integral intensity caused by nanoparticle concentration, which correlates with variations in the brightness of electroluminescence. Variations in the parameters of spectral lines with nanoparticle concentration and UHF saturation power are interpreted in terms of modification and creation of additional dislocations in the subsurface layer of phosphor with new physico-chemical properties.
Change of Rigidity of PCM Modified in an Ultrahigh Frequencies Electromagnetic Field under the Action of External Factors
Authors: Zlobina Irina V.
Published: May 2021

Experimental studies of bending deformation of carbon - and fiberglass samples after 8-month exposure in full-scale conditions were performed and the modulus of transverse elasticity was determined. It was found that the influence of the external environment on fiberglass samples is more significant. For carbon fiber, there was an average decrease of 7.1%, and for fiberglass-by 14%. Modification of samples in ultrahigh frequencies (UHF) electromagnetic field reduces the negative influence of the environment: the values of the transverse elastic modulus of carbon fiber and fiberglass samples are reduced by 5% and 11%, respectively. It is shown that the UHF electromagnetic field in rational modes can increase the modulus of transverse elasticity of carbon fiber by (27-30)%, fiberglass – by (20.8-25.6)% with a significant increase in the uniformity of this parameter. Experimental studies of the bending deformation of carbon-and fiberglass specimens after 8-month exposure in natural conditions have been carried out, and the shear elastic modulus has been determined. It has been established that the influence of the external environment on fiberglass samples is more significant. For carbon fiber reinforced plastic, a decrease was noted on average by 7.1%, for fiberglass - by 14%. Modification of samples in a microwave electromagnetic field helps to reduce the negative influence of the external environment: the values ​​of the shear modulus of the prototypes of carbon fiber reinforced plastic and fiberglass are reduced by 5% and 11%, respectively. It is shown that the microwave electromagnetic field in rational modes allows increasing the transverse elastic modulus of carbon fiber reinforced plastic by (27-30)%, fiberglass - by (20.8-25.6)% with a significant increase in the uniformity of this parameter.
Improvement of the Method for Restoring the Bearing Supports of Steel Crankshaft
Authors: Tarasenko Boris , Shapiro Evgeny , Voinash Sergey , Kamenchukov Alexey , Dzhasheev Аbdul Мudalif
Published: May 2021

In the science of car repair, the problem of restoring worn-out crankshafts is very relevant. The engineering solutions proposed in the article will provide an increase in the technical and economic indicators of repair: an increase in the quality of coating by a gas-flame method with a finishing non-abrasive antifriction treatment. At the same time, the engineering solution consisting in the formation of one groove on each journal of the crankshaft, brazing of a copper wire, followed by flame spraying of a coating, sealed by a disk, and grinding of the journals (the bearing supports), provides a non-wear effect. So, thanks to the coil of copper wire, the resource of the crankshaft increases and the cost of repaired crankshafts are reduced in comparison with new ones.
Features of the Process of Obtaining Steel 08H14N5M2DL in the Open Induction Furnace IST-0.16
Authors: Testoyedov Nikolay , Kovalev Igor , Oborin Lev , Gerashchenko Vladislav
Published: May 2021

One of steel 08H14N5M2DL scopes in the industry is an aircraft industry, to be exact, production of racks of the chassis for airplanes and helicopters which test cyclic types of loadings (take-off/landing). Despite the margin of safety which is put at the design of the aircraft, an important role plays, both quality of the material and its ability to save the mechanical properties during all assigned resource for the aircraft. Therefore the development of necessary conditions of production of steel under which the highest mechanical properties and also the ability to save them on the maximum period will be received becomes relevant and today. Work purpose: Identification and prevention of the most significant negative factors having an impact on mechanical properties of steel 08H14N5M2DL in the course of its receiving. In the work, 257 melting of steel of VNL-3 brand in the open IST-0.16 induction furnace with lining from a ground, magnesite brick is investigated. Methods of research are control of the content of austenite and existence of δ - ferrite in structure there were by measurement of values of a magnetic flux density cold and hot tests on the IFSS-1 device and also calculations of the number of products of wear, the solubility of nitrogen in steel VNL-3 and saturation nitrogen. It is revealed that negative impact on mechanical properties of VNL steel – 3 is rendered by nonmetallic inclusions, the maintenance of δ-ferrite and nitrogen. It is established that for stabilization of mechanical properties of steel, aging temperature after tempering in 500 °C allows to support and save steady indicators of mechanical properties. The fact that δ the ferrite exception of solid steel will allow reducing the oxygen content in it not less, than for 0.019% is confirmed owing to what iron crystallizes in γ-phase, passing δ-modification. The presented results confirm prospects of the developed approach in receiving the high-quality steel intended for use in the aviation industry.
Right lateral position can improving oxygen saturation and respiratory rate on under-five children with pneumonia
Authors: Agustina Novita , Nurhaeni Nani , Hayati Happy
Published: May 2021

Pediatric patients with pneumonia experience respiratory distress in the form of shortness of breath and rapid breathing, which affects oxygen saturation. Oxygen saturation and respiratory rate can be increased by providing the right lateral position. Fulfillment of oxygen will affect the healing of children and can reduce the length of stay in hospital. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of right lateral positioning on oxygen saturation and respiratory rate in under-five children with pneumonia. The study design was a quasi-experimental pre-posttest with control group design. Respondents were 32 infants with pneumonia, (right lateral=16 and control group=16), selected by consecutive sampling. Univariate and bivariate analyzes were performed. There was a significant difference in oxygen saturation before and after right lateral position (p-value=0.000) and there was a significant difference in the respiratory rate before and after right lateral position (p-value=0.000). The results can be used to improve health services by promoting the right lateral position as a selftreatment intervention for increasing oxygen saturation and stabilizing respiratory rate in infants with pneumonia.
Evaluation and optimization of acid processing procedures for the extraction of conodont elements from calcareous rock
Authors: Gallotta C , Gouwy S A , Komaromi L
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify alternative methods which would improve current conodont processing times and cost at the GSC-Calgary paleontology lab. Conodont processing consists of several stages, most of which are completed within a single day. Acid
digestion, however, is the longest processing stage and is also conveniently the most variable in terms of processing techniques. Therefore, this is where this study seeks to improve. The current sample digestion technique utilizes an acetic acid solution which take a notably long time to completely
process samples therefore, investigation into quicker techniques commonly used in other labs utilizing formic acid were explored. Formic acid processing improved digestion time to 3 days compared to acetic acid processing's maximum of 56 days. Processing cost results favored acetic acid which
totaled $126.41 for full processing of 2.5kg samples, compared to formic processing cost of $101.73 for 1.0kg of sample which theoretically totals $127.99 per 2.5kg of sample. Lab productivity significantly improved using formic acid, capable of producing 350 samples per year opposed to 195 samples
processed via acetic acid. Observing extracted specimen under a scanning electron microscope showed no difference between the processing methods. Both methods could produce pristine sample quality which was completely indistinguishable. Based on these findings, the formic acid processing method can
be used as a viable technique for the extraction of conodonts from calcareous rock and should be offered as a fast-track, but slightly more expensive alternative for sample processing.
Aspirin desensitization for ASA triad patients--prospective study of the rhinologist's perspective
Authors: Forer B. , Kivity S. , Sade J. , Landsberg R.
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVES/PROBLEM: To determine the sinonasal effect of aspirin salicylic acid (ASA) desensitization in patients with nasal polyps, asthma and aspirin intolerance (ASA triad). METHODS OF STUDY: Patients with ASA triad were recruited from the outpatient otolaryngology clinic. They underwent a program of ASA desensitization (2005 - 2008) with prospective assessment of subjective and objective responses. Incremental doses of aspirin were given to reach a target of 625 mg twice daily during a period of 3 - 5 days. A maintenance dose was then given for the study period. The patients also received inhaled and topical nasal steroids, antihistamines and beta agonists for asthma control, but no systemic steroid treatment. MAIN RESULTS: Of the original 27 enrolled subjects, 10 elected to discontinue treatment and five dropped out because of treatment complications. The objective evaluation of the polypoid sinonasal disease in the remaining 12 patients (4 males, 8 females, age range 22 - 63 years) revealed only mild improvement. In contrast, the patients` subjective feeling of nasal congestion, nasal discharge and overall discomfort improved significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Aspirin desensitization has a favorable subjective effect on certain nasal symptoms among ASA triad patients, but the objective effect on polypoid mass is not significant.
Altered quality of life in Rendu-Osler-Weber disease related to recurrent epistaxis
Authors: Ingrand I. , Ingrand P. , Gilbert-Dussardier B. , Defossez G. , Jouhet V. , Migeot V. , Dufour X. , Klossek J.M.
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVES: Development and validation of an epistaxis-specific quality-of-life questionnaire (EQQoL) to evaluate the impact on quality of life of epistaxis, during hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical study using QoL instruments administered twice in HHT patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In total, 109 patients who had epistaxis and a clinical diagnosis of HHT according to Curacao criteria were included. Invoice of the questionnaire in 2004 and 2006 included SF-36, Jenkins` sleep scale and the new epistaxis-specific13-item EQQoL. RESULTS: EQQoL uptake rate was 98%, mean score 58/100 +- 27, and Cronbach alpha 0.96. EQQoL was sensitive to change with a strong correlation with the course of epistaxis. Factorial analysis showed that EQQoL was clearly distinct from SF-36 and Jenkins sleep scales. In stepwise multivariate ordinal logistic regression, frequency and duration of epistaxis were both associated with lower EQQoL. Conversely, visceral involvement and comorbidity had independent impact on SF-36 scores, but not on EQQoL. CONCLUSIONS: This new epistaxis-specific EQQoL questionnaire provides complementary information on the impact of HHT on patients quality of life relative to the SF-36 generic questionnaire. After international validation, the EQQoL might prove a useful tool for treatment evaluation.
Morphometric evaluation of the sphenopalatine foramen for endonasal surgery
Authors: Antunes Scanavini A.B. , Navarro J.A.C. , Megale S.R.M.C. , Lima R.S. , Anselmo-Lima W.T.
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVE: Ligation of the sphenopalatine artery is used to treat severe nasal haemorrhage. Despite the high rates of success reported, errors and complications may occur in locating the sphenopalatine foramen (SPF) through which the vasculonervous structures penetrate the nasal cavity. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the numerical variation of the SPF, its relation to the ethmoid bone crista of the palatine bone in the lateral nasal wall, its distance from the anterior nasal spine and the angle between this distance and the anterior nasal floor. DESIGN: Anatomical study. SETTING: Regional tertiary reference center. MATERIAL AND INTERVENTIONS: Fifty-four hemiskulls were submitted to anatomical study and measurements were made on more than 12 dissected hemiskulls using the Image Tool 3.0 software. RESULTS: The SPF was single in 87% of the specimens, and more than one orifice was present in 13%. In most specimens it was possible to establish a relation with the ethmoid crista, which is a surgical reference for the SPF location. The mean values of the measurements were significantly higher in the hemifaces than in the hemiskulls, ranging from 54 to 63 mm, and angulation ranged from 20 to 32 degrees. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated that in most specimens studied the SPF was single and located in the superior nasal meatus. The distances measured suggest that these values can be used as distance references for the use of the endoscope for ligation or endonasal cauterization of the branches of the sphenopalatine artery, preventing possible errors and complications.
Comparative Analysis of Pejerrey Fish (Odontesthes bonariensis) Gonadal Development During Two Consecutive Spawning Seasons in Relation to Sex Steroids and Temperature Variation in Cochicó Lake (Pampas Region, Argentina)
Authors: del Fresno Pamela Sabrina , Colautti Darío César , Berasain Gustavo Emilio , Miranda Leandro Andrés
Published: May 2021

Cochicó belongs to “Encadenadas del Oeste” system of lakes being a typical water body of the Pampas region. The most abundant fish species in this lake is the pejerrey (Odontesthes bonariensis) valued due to the quality of its flesh and as a game fish. The aim of this study was to compare the gonadal stages of pejerrey during two consecutive spawning seasons (August to December) in relation to sexual steroids and temperature in this lake. In general, pejerrey gonadal development, the Gonadosomatic index and the plasma levels of estradiol and testosterone fluctuated in relation with temperature. In 2014 samplings, females started to ovulating in early August, with a peak during September-October and ending in December with many of them with atretic oocytes. However, in 2015, a marked delay in maturation was observed with ovulated fish only in October and December. This fact may be because the minors mean temperatures recorded in this year. For males, it was possible to find spermiating animals during the whole spawning season and only arrested animals in December. Unexpectedly, histological gonadal analysis revealed for the first time pejerrey with testis-ova, probably due to the intensive use of agrochemicals in this region.
Assessment of Soil Moisture Storage In Nigeria Using Climatic Water Budgeting Approach
Authors: Kehinde Musa Oladejo , Umar Aliyu Tambuwal
Published: May 2021

The estimation of soil moisture storage is fundamental to crop production, hydrological and biological processes. This study assessed soil moisture storage in Nigeria using the Climatic Water Budgeting Approach. Mean monthly air temperature and monthly rainfall data were collected from the archives of the Nigerian Meteorological Agency from 27 weather stations in Nigeria. The data were subjected to Climatic Water Budgeting Approach to compute the monthly soil moisture storage at different locations in Nigeria over two years with contrasting moisture conditions (1983 and 2003). The mean monthly air temperature data were used to estimate the monthly potential evapotranspiration (PE) while the PE in conjunction with the mean monthly rainfall and the soil water holding capacity of 250mm were used to calculate the monthly soil moisture storage. The results showed that most locations north of latitude 9°N recorded low soil moisture storage below 10 mm from April to July especially in 1983. The soil moisture storage was high in all the places in January and February due to low potential evapotranspiration and accumulated potential water loss (APWL). Most Places South of latitude 9°N recorded higher soil moisture storage between 20 mm and 100 mm from January to May compared to their counterparts north of latitude 9°N in both 1983 and 2003. The soil moisture storage attained 250 mm (100%) from July-October across Nigeria. This study concluded that the soil moisture varies spatially and temporally in Nigeria decreasing from South to North. A paired sample test revealed a significant difference between the soil moisture storage of 2003 and 1983 in Nigeria (p=.000).
Assessment of lipid profile in middle and upper class individuals in Abia State, Nigeria based on life-style and dietary habits
Authors: Okafor PN , Ukegbu PO , Godfrey OC , Ofoegbu MC , Uwaegbute AC
Published: May 2021

Assessment of lipid profile in some middle and upper class individuals based on their life-style and dietary habit was carried out using 35 volunteer human 19 males and 16 females. Their life-style and dietary habit were determined using a questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements of weight, height, waist and hip circumferences were taken, Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist hip ratio (WHR) were calculated, while the lipid profile was determined using standard biochemical proce-dures. The results of the anthropometric measurements showed that the mean weight, height and Body Mass Index (BMI) were 80.1±13.8 kg, 1.7±1.1 m, 26.4±4.9 kg m-2, respectively for the males and 78.5±16.5 kg, 1.6±1.2 m and 25.8±5.5 kg m-2, respectively for the females. There was no statisti-cally significant difference (p > 0.05) in all the anthropometric parameters measured for both sexes except for waist/height ratio (WHR). The results of the lipid profile showed that the mean total cholesterol (TC), High density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TRG) were within normal reference range. Both sexes however, had mean low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) of 101.8±45.2 mg dL-1 and 119.5±43.7 mg dL-1 for males and females respectively. The total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein (TC/HDL-C) ratio revealed that mean values for the males and the females were 4.5±1.1 and 4.9±2.1 respectively. Correlation analysis showed positive correlations between BMI and LDL-C (r=0439; p=0.018), WHR and TAG (r=0.488; p=0.003), waist circumference (WC) and TRG (r=0.379; p=0.025). A high prevalence of overweight/obesity and dyslipidaemia (high LDL-C and triglycerides) were observed among the adults. Appropriate interventions such as regular exercise and periodic lipid profile screening should be advocated.Keywords: Lipid profile, dietary habit, anthropometry, Abia State
A simple assay of paracetamol based on dried blood spot suitable for paediatric pharmacokinetic studies
Authors: Mohammed BS , Cameron GA , Ameade EPK
Published: May 2021

Dried blood spots in Guthrie cards are a reliable means of blood sampling suitable for pharmacoki-netic analysis in children. The aim of this study was to develop a simple and reliable bioanalytical method to measure the concentration of paracetamol in dried blood spots. Paracetamol was ex-tracted from dry blood spots by precipitation using 30% perchloric acid and separated on Hichrom 3.5 μ C18column. Detection was by a Waters 486 Tunable Absorbance Detector, at a wavelength of 244 nm. From five adult volunteers blood samples were collected as dried blood spots before and at 15, 30, 60, 120, 240 and 420 minutes after 1 g oral paracetamol was administered. Cmax, Tmax, t1/2 and CL/F were calculated using non-compartmental analysis. The standard curve for the method was linear in the range 0 – 100 μg ml-1. The LLOD and LLOQ were 550 pg and 1100 pg, respectively, on column. The median (min., max) Cmax, Tmax, t1/2 and CL/F, were 14.6 μg ml-1 (9, 19.1), 45 minutes (15, 60), 2.3 hours (1.1, 2.7) and 0.31 L kg-1 (0.21, 0.36), respectively. We report a simple assay for the analysis of paracetamol that can be used for monitoring blood concentration of paracetamol in young children.Keywords: Bioanalytical, concentration, children, Guthrie, neonates