bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physician–nurse conflict resolution styles in primary health care
Authors: Delak Barbara , Širok Klemen
Published: December 2021

Aim

To examine the conflict resolution styles used in the physician–nurse teamwork in primary health care, depending on individual characteristics, contextual factors, and organizational and sociocultural contexts.

Background

Conflicts significantly affect the quality of healthcare services and staffing challenges, and consequently the performance and efficiency of organizations. Their management plays an important role in any healthcare organizations and deserves the attention of researcher's healthcare management and team leaders.

Design

A descriptive, cross‐sectional, correlational design.

Method

Thomas–Kilmann Conflict MODE Instrument was used on a sample comprising 173 nurses and 125 physicians working in teams at the Community Health Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia, in 2018.

Results

The most predominant conflict resolution styles were compromising and avoiding, followed by accommodating, collaborating and competing. The predominant resolution style among nurses was avoiding, and among physicians was compromising. There were statistically significant differences in the conflict resolution style according to gender (χ2 (1) = 0.035, p < .059), education (χ2 (1) = 0.014, p < .05) and tenure (χ2 (1) = 0.025, p < .05).

Conclusion

Our research results differed from those of other studies, possibly due to the difference in the sample and research setting. They indicated that the specifics of work and situation significantly moderate conflict in healthcare organizations.

Impact

The established divergence of results indicates the need for future research on conflict in healthcare settings to more consistently consider the situational context and the role of management and/or leadership.
Thermomagnetic convection in a differentially heated rotating annulus with central force field
Authors: Szabo Peter S. B. , Früh Wolf-Gerrit
Published: December 2021

Thermal convection is induced in a rotating differentially heated annulus by using a central magnetic force field. The principle of the system is used to simulate large scale convection such as that found in planetary interiors or atmospheres but in a laboratory scaled model to investigated geophysical flow fields. Results suggest that magnetic fluids can be used to study such phenomena in a microgravity environment. To quantify the thermal forcing, rotational forcing and stratification several non‐dimensional parameters are introduced to characterise the evolving thermal structures.
An advanced quadratic displacement approach for the analytical stress analysis of adhesive bonded joints
Authors: Methfessel Thomas S. , Becker Wilfried
Published: December 2021

In this work an advanced analytical model for the efficient prediction of stress distributions in the adhesive layer of bonded joints is presented. In order to better account for local deformation effects occurring in thicker adhesive layers, a quadratic‐extended displacement approach is introduced. The use of a general sandwich‐type model for the overlap region enables a wide applicability to the analysis of different joint shapes and load cases.
Covariance Estimation under One‐bit Quantization
Authors: Dirksen Sjoerd , Maly Johannes , Rauhut Holger
Published: December 2021

We consider the classical problem of estimating the covariance matrix of a subgaussian distribution from i.i.d. samples in the novel context of coarse quantization, i.e., instead of having full knowledge of the samples, they are quantized to one or two bits per entry. This problem occurs naturally in signal processing applications. We introduce new estimators in two different quantization scenarios and derive non‐asymptotic estimation error bounds in terms of the operator norm. In the first scenario we consider a simple, scale‐invariant one‐bit quantizer and derive an estimation result for the correlation matrix of a centered Gaussian distribution. In the second scenario, we add random dithering to the quantizer. In this case we can accurately estimate the full covariance matrix of a general subgaussian distribution by collecting two bits per entry of each sample. In both scenarios, our bounds apply to masked covariance estimation as well. We demonstrate the near‐optimality of our error bounds by deriving corresponding (minimax) lower bounds and using numerical simulations.
Anisotropic plasticity‐damage material model for sheet metal — Regularised single surface formulation
Authors: Friedlein Johannes , Mergheim Julia , Steinmann Paul
Published: December 2021

Sheet metal forming as well as mechanical joining demand increasingly accurate and efficient material modelling to capture large deformations, the inherent sheet orthotropy and even process‐induced damage, which is expected to be influential. To account for large strains the additive logarithmic strain space is utilised that enables a straightforward incorporation of plastic anisotropy, herein modelled by a Hill48 yield function. A gradient‐enhancement is used to equip the ductile damage model with an internal length scale curing the damage‐induced localisation. An affine combination of the local and non‐local softening variable is derived enabling a more efficient single surface formulation for the regularised plasticity‐damage material model.
Application of a deepest‐path algorithm to study the objective function landscape during fitting for the Yeoh and Ogden model
Authors: Weiser Stephan , Wulf Hans , Ihlemann Jörn
Published: December 2021

In this paper we demonstrate the application of the deepest‐path algorithm for better understanding of objective function landscapes resulting from the optimization process. For this purpose, the sensitivities of the Yeoh and Ogden material model parameters are compared for different load cases. This analysis shows a much higher variation of the material parameters for the Ogden model than for the Yeoh model at approximately constant objective function values. The reasons for this may be local minima or shallow gradients in the objective function landscape. Afterwards, the deepest‐path algorithm is performed between selected designs from the sensitivity analysis. It can be seen that the deepest‐path algorithm provides further information about local minima in the objective function landscape, which are not clear identifiable from a sensitivity analysis.
Multi‐layered tissue models in patient‐specific simulations of aortic dissection
Authors: Schussnig Richard , Bäumler Kathrin , Fries Thomas-Peter
Published: December 2021

In aortic dissections blood flows not only in the regular, true lumen but also between separated lamellae within the media of the aortic wall, in the so‐called false lumen. Both lumina are separated by a dissection membrane, which may move substantially during the cardiac cycle, linking blood flow and vessel deformation. We employ strongly coupled fluid‐structure interaction simulations incorporating an anisotropic, fiber‐reinforced, hyperelastic continuum including layer‐specific tissue parameters.
In search of a variational formulation of the relativistic Navier‐Stokes equations
Authors: Scholle Markus , Mellmann Marcel
Published: December 2021

Drawing an analogy with Maxwell theory a new Lagrangian is proposed for a variational formulation of the relativistic Navier‐Stokes equations which to‐date has remained elusive. A key feature is the use of tensor potentials, whose degrees of gauge freedom allow for the reformulation of the energy‐momentum equations in a self‐adjoint form. An already existing potential‐based representation of the relativistic field equations is a suitable starting point for the present considerations, which in turn are guided by the already successfully solved case of non‐relativistic, stationary and incompressible flow.
Flow and fiber orientation of fresh fiber reinforced concrete
Authors: Gerland Florian , Schomberg Thomas , Kuhl Detlef , Wünsch Olaf
Published: December 2021

The orientation of the fibers in UHPC is decisive for the tensile strength and failure of the components. The mold filling strategy during casting of structural components dictates the flow routing and thus the fiber orientation. In addition, the orientation of the fibers also affects the flow behavior of the suspension. In measurements of rheological properties in concrete rheometers, strongly scattering measurements often occur. In this paper, a novel fiber orientation model for viscoplastic fluids is investigated in Couette flow. The effect of the fibers on the flow condition and the measurable torque is described. The results of the numerical investigation give indications for increasing the reproducibility of rheological measurements on fresh fiber concrete.
A Virtual Sensing approach for approximating nonlinear dynamical systems using LSTM networks
Authors: Heindel Leonhard , Hantschke Peter , Kästner Markus
Published: December 2021

In this contribution, we introduce a hybrid model for virtual sensing applications which combines a frequency response function model with a Long Short‐Term Memory network. It estimates the behavior of non‐linear dynamic systems with multiple input and output channels by generating predictions on short subsequences of signals and recombining them using a windowing technique. The approach is tested on an experimental dataset composed of measurements from a 3‐component servo hydraulic fatigue test bench. The model is parameterized using noise data, while fatigue serviceloads with variable amplitudes are used for validation and testing.
A Partitioned Scheme for Coupling of FEM and DEM Simulations of Granular Materials
Authors: Atrian Amir , Lund Jorrid , Radtke Lars , Skorych Vasyl , Dosta Maksym , Düster Alexander
Published: December 2021

In this contribution, a simple uniaxial compaction of granular materials is considered in preparation for studying the collision behavior of double‐hull vessels filled with granular materials. The top compressing plate is deformable and modeled by the finite element method (FEM). The particles modeled using the discrete element method (DEM) are compressed by the top plate. To this end, a partitioned technique to couple the continuum approach (FEM) and particle discretization (DEM) is presented. Full agreement of the computed reaction force in DEM with the pressure applied on the top plate in FEM implies accuracy of the used coupling technique.
A comparison of two neural network architectures for fast structural response prediction
Authors: Thaler Denny , Bamer Franz , Markert Bernd
Published: December 2021

In this contribution, we compare two different neural network architectures to predict the response statistics of structures. The overall goal is a significant speed‐up of the numerically expensive Monte Carlo simulation. The first approach is based on a convolutional neural network that learns from the whole excitation history, whereas the second approach is based on a feed‐forward network architecture learning from hand‐designed features. Both procedures use supervised learning: The neural networks learn from an initial subset before the prediction of the response statistics of the Monte Carlo simulation is possible.
Thermodynamically consistent constitutive modeling of isotropic hyperelasticity based on artificial neural networks
Authors: Linden Lennart , Kalina Karl A. , Brummund Jörg , Metsch Philipp , Kästner Markus
Published: December 2021

Herein, a neural network‐based constitutive model for isotropic hyperelastic solids which makes use of a physically motivated dimensionality reduction into the invariant space is presented. In order to automatically fulfill thermodynamic consistency, gradients of the network with respect to the input quantities are considered within a customized training loop. The proposed approach is exemplarily applied to the finite element simulation of two three‐dimensional samples, while only data collected from pure two‐dimensional virtual experiments are needed for the model calibration before.
Modeling of directional uncertainty using moments of the angular central Gaussian
Authors: Ospald Felix , Herzog Roland
Published: December 2021

The Gaussian distribution is commonly used to model uncertainty for all kind of problems. However, for directional data like fiber orientations in injection molding simulations the canonical choice is the so called angular central Gaussian (ACG) distribution, which arises as analytical solution to Jeffrey's equation which is used to model the orientation of a elliptical fiber suspended in a flow field. Computations are favorably performed using moments of the density instead of the density itself, leading to the so called Folgar‐Tucker equation. In this differential equation for the second order moment also the fourth order moment arises, which has to be expressed in terms of the second order moment in order to close the equation. This is called the “closure problem”, which has been addressed in many publications with various proposals for the solution, among which the fourth order moment of the ACG distribution represents the exact solution. The ACG is obtained by normalizing a centered multivariate Gaussian and therefore the individual components of the ACG distribution are no longer independent and the moments of the ACG distribution are coupled with its covariance parameter in a more complicated way in the form of elliptic integrals. This beautiful distribution is not very well studied and hardly used for directional statistics, where more empirical or wrapped distributions are employed instead.

In this article we compare the ACG to the Bingham distribution and discuss the current status of computing moments as well as the analytical and numerical solution of the closure problem.
Space‐time PU‐DWR error control and adaptivity for the heat equation
Authors: Thiele Jan Philipp , Wick Thomas
Published: December 2021

In this work, space‐time goal‐oriented a posteriori error estimation using a partition‐of‐unity localization is applied to the linear heat equation. The algorithmic developments are substantiated with a numerical example.
Hopf bifurcations for an oversteer vehicle – the influence of wheel load changes
Authors: Steindl Alois , Edelmann Johannes , Plöchl Manfred
Published: December 2021

In [1] the occurence of a Hopf bifurcation at steady‐state cornering for a two‐wheel oversteering vehicle with a brush model for the tyre forces was found and following the bifurcating branch of periodic solutions we observed a Canard phenomenon and relaxation oscillations, which are typical for singularly perturbed systems. In that article we assumed for simplicity, that the car's center of mass lies at street level. In this presentation we investigate the influence of an elevated height on the stability of the car's steady motion and the postcritical behaviour.
A second gradient continuum formulation for bi‐pantographic fabrics
Authors: Eugster Simon R. , Barchiesi Emilio
Published: December 2021

Bi‐pantographic fabrics are materials that are composed of two families of fibers with a micro‐structure. The micro‐structure of a straight fiber is given by a periodic arrangement of cells that resembles an expanding barrier. The planar behavior of such a fabric is captured at a macroscopic scale by a second gradient continuum. The corresponding strain energy function depends upon the fiber stretches, as well as upon the gradients in fiber direction of the stretches and inclination angles. In this brief communication, we present the equilibrium equations, which must be satisfied in the bulk of the continuum.
Multi‐level approach for modelling the post‐cracking response of steel fibre reinforced concrete under monotonic and cyclic loading
Authors: Gudžulić Vladislav , Meschke Günther
Published: December 2021

In this contribution, a multi‐level Finite Element Model for steel‐fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) is presented which allows predicting the post‐cracking response of fibre reinforced structural members. In contrast to the guidelines, which suggest that the response of SFRC should be derived indirectly, using bending tests, the post‐cracking response is here derived from the actual fibre properties. The numerical model is designed to directly track the influence of design parameters, such as fibre type, fibre orientation, fibre content and concrete strength, on the structural response. For this purpose, submodels on the level of a single fibre are combined into a crack bridging model, considering the fibre orientation and the fibre content. This is integrated into a finite element model for fiber reinforced concrete, in which a cohesive law in the context of the discrete crack approach is used to account for the opening of cracks [1]. The model has been extended to account for imperfect closure of cracks during cyclic loading and unloading, respectively, due to presence of fibres and debris within the crack, which is manifested in hysteresis loops in load‐displacement curves. The predictive capability of the proposed numerical multi‐level model for SFRC was systematically validated by means of test series performed on the fibre and the structural level [1,2]. The proposed model is validated by three‐point bending tests on notched beams with fibre content of 0 and 57 kg/m3 subjected to cyclic loading. The ability of the above‐described numerical model to capture the formation of hysteresis in cyclic loading is evaluated.
Influence of dimensionality and specimen size on dynamic fracture
Authors: Butt Sahir N. , Meschke Günther
Published: December 2021

In this contribution, we investigate the dynamic fracture process in Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) plate specimens using a peridynamic computational model [2, 6]. We employ two as well as three dimensional peridynamic simulations in order to analyze the influence of dimensionality on the characteristics of the fracture process. The predicted crack speeds for the various levels of the initially stored energy, also known as the velocity toughening behavior, are compared with the experimentally observed crack velocities for PMMA specimens. The influence of the specimen size on the dynamic fracture process is investigated using 2D peridynamic simulations. The fracture strengths and the velocity toughening relationship obtained from different specimen sizes are compared with the Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) size effect relationship and with results from the experiments [1], respectively.
Effect of olive pomace particles content on mode I and mode II delamination fracture of S‐glass fiber reinforced composites
Authors: Bulut Mehmet , Alsaadi Mohamad , Erkliğ Ahmet
Published: December 2021

This work aims to investigate the effect of micro‐sized olive pomace (OP) particle incorporation on the mode I and mode II delamination fractures of glass fiber reinforced polymer composites. In this way, it is possible to recycle the natural OP materials and benefit from the development of high performance engineering polymer matrix composites in industrial applications as well as producing low cost composite. For this purpose, six different OP weight ratios (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) were used for modification of matrix resin of composite samples. Double‐cantilever beam, end‐notched flexure tests were conducted according to ASTM standards for evaluation of mode I and mode II fracture delamination toughness properties of the OP filled composites. Scanning electron microscopy photos were taken from the fractured test samples after the mode I and II interlaminar fracture tests to characterize their morphological nature. The results showed that the mode I and mode II inter‐laminar fracture toughness values reached the highest value at OP content of 5 wt% with enhancement of 13.8% and 60.4%, respectively.
Combined effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes, graphene nanoplatelets, and aluminum trihydride on the thermal stability of epoxy composites
Authors: B. M. Madhu , Rashmi  , R. R. N. Sailaja , J Sundara Rajan
Published: December 2021

Glass fiber reinforced epoxy matrix is modified with a hybrid combination of fillers, and composites were fabricated using the advanced pultrusion technique. The focus of the investigation was to comprehensively understand the synergy between the carbon nanofillers and the role of aluminum trihydride on the thermal characteristics. A ratio of 2 wt% of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and 3 wt% of graphene is established by prior optimization technique for improved thermal properties. Using X‐ray diffraction analysis, the presence of the two carbon fillers was confirmed. Aluminum trihydrate was incorporated in the epoxy matrix with the objective of improving the thermal properties. By thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, assessment of the thermal properties of the composites has been undertaken. The use of the two carbon fillers leads to enhancement of the thermal properties and contrary to expectations, the composites with hybrid fillers undergo minimal degradation due to pyrolysis. Uniform dispersion of the nanoparticles and good interfacial bonding of fillers with the epoxy are observed to be critical for the enhancement of thermal properties. The ratio of the two carbon fillers used helps in their preferential alignment and hence significant improvements in thermal properties are observed. Glass transition temperature reveals a 13°C increase increases due to the inclusion of carbon nanofillers and aluminum trihydride.
Understanding the intergroup relations of migrants in China
Authors: Xu Mengran , Wu Fulong , Li Zhigang
Published: December 2021

The existing integration literature in the Chinese context has mostly focused on migrants' relations with receiving contexts, such as place attachment and settlement intention. Few attempts have been made to investigate migrants' relations with local residents, a better indicator of migrants' integration. Based on the 2014 China Migrants Dynamic Survey, this study scrutinises how environmental factors and individual factors affect migrants' intergroup relations in China. The analysis shows that migrants who live in more migrant‐concentrated neighbourhoods and who stay in more developed cities with a higher presence of migrants tend to suffer from worse intergroup relations. This implies that no matter at which level the migrant concentration exists, it can hinder migrants' intergroup relations. Moreover, both higher socioeconomic status and acculturation can significantly improve migrants' intergroup relations, indicating that acculturation also plays an important role in the relatively homogeneous society.
Determinants and health implications of individuals' activity space experiences
Authors: Lei Lei , Yang Tse‐Chuan
Published: December 2021

Previous research on the health impact of activity space assumed that individuals conduct daily activities outside residential neighborhoods. Little is known about whether and for whom this assumption holds, let alone whether neighborhood effects vary by individual activity space experiences. Using data in the Philadelphia metropolitan area, we identify four types of activity space experiences—individuals with extended activity space, confined activity space, no activity space, and unidentified activity space—and analyze the determinants of them. We then investigate how activity space experiences alter the relationship between neighborhood characteristics and self‐rated health. The findings suggest that (1) approximately 15% of respondents do not have activity space, (2) individual characteristics, such as gender, age, race, and poverty status, are associated with activity space experiences, and (3) for middle‐aged (35–64) and older adults (65+), neighborhood social capital matters less for the health of people with no activity space than for those with extended activity space.
Time, temporality, and (im)mobility: Unpacking the temporal experiences among Chinese international students during the COVID‐19
Authors: Wang Bingyu
Published: December 2021

From the perspective of migrant times/temporalities, this paper focuses on the temporal experiences among Chinese international students (CIS) who planned to enrol overseas in 2020 but instead chose to stay in China due to the COVID‐19. Specifically, it adopts 'sticky and suspended times' and 'asynchronous and precarious times' to investigate how they encounter a set of temporal disruptions at both everyday and life course levels while staying put in China. Particularly, the paper asks how CIS exercises agency to navigate through temporal dissonances and enhance their immobile state and capital accumulation. Critically, the paper develops a temporally sensitive framework to unpack the multiple kinds of temporalities CIS confront during the pandemic, further advancing studies on 'international student mobility' and 'time in migration'. Additionally, existing studies have largely focused on how time shapes people's mobility and this paper provides an empirical case on the potential of the temporal approach to understanding immobilities.
Pulmonary hypertension is associated with an increased incidence of cancer diagnoses
Authors: Roderburg Christoph , Loosen Sven H. , Hippe Hans‐Joerg , Luedde Tom , Kostev Karel , Luedde Mark
Published: December 2021

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a complex disease with increasing global incidence that eventually leads to right ventricular failure and is associated with a poor prognosis. The importance of noncardiac comorbidities in disease progression and prognosis has gained increasing recognition in recent years. In the present study, we investigated a potential association between PH and cancer in an outpatient cohort in Germany. Using the IQVIA Disease Analyzer database, we identified a total of 11,109 patients with PH and a propensity score matched cohort of equal size without PH who received medical treatment between 2005 and 2019. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the potential association between PH and cancer. Within the 10‐year observation period, the incidence of cancer was significantly higher in PH patients than non‐PH patients (23.2% vs. 8.5%, log‐rank p < 0.001). Importantly, this association was observed for both male (HR = 1.24, p = 0.002) and female (HR = 1.37, p < 0.001) patients, and was most pronounced in patients >80 years (HR = 1.50, p <  0.001). In terms of a specific tumor site, we found a significant association for respiratory organ cancer (HR = 1.60, p = 0.007) and skin cancer (HR = 1.48, p < 0.001). Our study provides strong evidence that PH is associated with an increased incidence of cancer. This finding should help raise awareness of this important comorbidity and could trigger specific screening programs in patients with PH.
Fecal matter transplant from Ace2 overexpressing mice counteracts chronic hypoxia‐induced pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Oliveira Aline C. , Yang Tao , Li Jing , Sharma Ravindra K. , Karas Marianthi K. , Bryant Andrew J. , de Kloet Annette D. , Krause Eric G. , Joe Bina , Richards Elaine M. , Raizada Mohan K.
Published: December 2021

Recent evidence suggests pulmonary hypertension (PH), a disease of the pulmonary vasculature actually has multiorgan pathophysiology and perhaps etiology. Herein, we demonstrated that fecal matter transplantation from angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 overexpressing mice counteracted the effects of chronic hypoxia to prevent pulmonary hypertension, neuroinflammation, and gut dysbiosis in wild type recipients.
Real‐world dosing characteristics and utilization of parenteral treprostinil in the outpatient setting
Authors: Balasubramanian Vijay P. , Safdar Zeenat , Sketch Margaret R. , Broderick Meredith , Nelsen Andrew C. , Lee Dasom , Melendres‐Groves Lana
Published: December 2021

Real‐world dosing and titration of parenteral (subcutaneous, SC; intravenous, IV) prostacyclin, a mainstay of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) treatment, is not always consistent with prescribing information or randomized trials and has yet to be adequately characterized. The current study describes real‐world outpatient dosing and titration patterns over time, in PAH patients initiated on SC or IV treprostinil. A longitudinal, cross‐sectional analysis of medication shipment records from US specialty pharmacy services between 2009 and 2018 was conducted to determine dosing and titration patterns of SC or IV treprostinil in the outpatient setting beginning with the patient's first shipment. The sample for analysis included shipment records for 2647 patients (IV = 1040, SC = 1607). Although more patients were started on SC treprostinil than IV, median initial outpatient IV treprostinil dose (11 ng/kg/min at month on therapy one [MOT1]) was consistently and statistically significantly higher than initial outpatient SC dose (7.5 ng/kg/min at MOT1; p < 0.01). However, the SC treprostinil dose acceleration rate (DAR) was more aggressive from MOT1 to MOT6, MOT12, and MOT24, leading to a higher dose achieved at later timepoints. All between‐group DAR differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001). This study provides evidence that real‐world prescribing patterns of parenteral treprostinil in the outpatient setting differs from dosing described in pivotal trials, with important differences between SC and IV administration. Although initial outpatient IV treprostinil dosing was higher, SC titration was accelerated more aggressively and a higher dose was achieved by MOT3 suggesting that factors specific to SC administration (e.g., site pain) may not limit dosing and titration as previously thought.
Elective lower limb orthopedic arthroplasty surgery in patients with pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Wardle Mikaela , Nair Amanda , Saunders Sarah , Armstrong Iain , Charalampopoulos Athanasios , Elliot Charlie , Hameed Abdul , Hamilton Neil , Harrington John , Keen Carol , Lewis Robert , Sabroe Ian , Thompson A. A. Roger , Kerry Robert M. , Condliffe Robin , Kiely David G.
Published: December 2021

Patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (PH) are at increased risk when undergoing anesthesia and major surgery. Data on outcomes for elective orthopedic surgery in patients with PH are limited. A patient pathway was established to provide access to elective lower limb arthroplasty. This included assessment of orthopedic needs, fitness for anesthesia, preoperative optimization, and intra‐ and postoperative management. Patient data were retrospectively retrieved using patient's hospital records. Between 2012 and 2020, 29 operations (21 total hip replacements [THRs], 7 total knee replacements [TKRs], 1 total hip revision) were performed in 25 patients (mean age: 67 years). Perioperatively, 72% were treated with low‐dose intravenous prostanoid. All had arterial lines, and central access and perioperative lithium dilution cardiac output monitoring was used in 86% of cases. Four patients underwent GA, 21 spinal anesthesia, and 4 CSE anesthesia. Supplemental nerve blocks were performed in all patients undergoing general, and 12 of 21 undergoing spinal anesthesia. All were managed in high dependency postoperatively. Hospital length of stay and complication rates were higher than reported in non‐PH patients. Perioperative complications included hypotension requiring vasopressors (n = 10), blood transfusion (n = 7), nonorthopedic infection (n = 4), and decompensated right heart failure (n = 1). There was no associated mortality. All implants were functioning well at 6 weeks and subsequent follow‐up. EmPHasis‐10 quality of score decreased by 5.5 (±2.1) (p = 0.04). A dedicated multiprofessional pathway can be used to safely select and manage patients with PH through elective lower limb arthroplasty.
Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on improvement of degraded landscape soil in an ionized rare earth mining area, subtropical China
Authors: Li Jinmiao , Wang Qiong , Wang Yu , Zhang Qin , Luo Jie , Jiang Xueru , Liu Wei , Zhao Xiaomin
Published: December 2021

The disordered mining of ion‐type rare soil has caused significant ecological and environmental problems. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can promote soil quality, providing new ideas about the ecological restoration of degraded soil. In this study, the degraded ion‐type rare earth tailing soils in Xinfeng County, southern Jiangxi Province, was used as a research object. The soil was subjected to different restoration methods (biochar + fly ash + surface vegetation planting) for 2 yr. A total of six treatments were set up in this experiment, and the phospholipid fatty acid method was used to determine the microbial community structure and biomass of the rhizosphere soil of navel oranges [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] treated with different amounts of biochar (0, 1, and 5%) plus surface mulching (Trifolium repens L.) or soil without plants. Additionally, a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of single and double inoculation of AMF (Septoglomus viscosum and Claroideoglomus claroideum) on plant growth and soil improvement under various P levels (0 and 50 mg kg–1) in ion‐type rare soil. The results showed that the microbial biomass (fungi, Gram‐positive bacteria, Gram‐negative bacteria, actinomycetes, AMF, and protozoa) when T. repens was present was noticeably higher than that when T. repens was not present. In particular, the biomass of the AMF under the T. repens treatment with 5% biochar (1.28 nmol g–1) was 34.38% higher than that under the 5% biochar treatment without plants (p < .05). Furthermore, the pot experiments showed that AMF inoculation significantly increased the plant biomass, single AMF inoculation significantly increased soil P in the absence of basal P, and double inoculation significantly increased the glomalin (a component of soil organic matter) content. Our findings indicated that the soil microbial biomass was greatly affected by planting T. repens and adding biological modifiers. These composite remediation methods could provide an increasing number of C sources for the soil microbial community and could effectively improve soil quality and plant growth.
Surface hydrophobization of cotton via laccase‐mediated polydopamine deposition and dodecyl gallate grafting
Authors: Zhang Nan , Li Fan , Yu Yuanyuan , Wang Ping , Zhou Man , Wang Qiang
Published: December 2021

Natural fibers containing components with phenolic hydroxyl groups, such as jute, wool, and silk, can be directly modified by laccase‐catalyzed grafting. However, cellulosic fibers like cotton cannot be functionalized in this manner. In this work, we developed a facile two‐step method to graft polymers on cotton fabric via laccase catalysis. First, polydopamine (PDA) coating was deposited on the surface of the cotton fabrics via catalysis of laccase/2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO) system. Then, the newly formed PDA coating acted as the secondary reaction platform for subsequent laccase‐mediated grafting of hydrophobic monomer dodecyl gallate (DG). The oxidation of dopamine (DA) catalyzed with the laccase/TEMPO system was investigated using UV–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results verified that the PDA was coated on the surface of cotton fibers. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra indicated that the PDA‐coated cotton was successfully grafted with DG (DG‐PDA‐cotton). According to the weighting method, the grafting percentage was about 1.06%. The hydrophobicity of the DG‐PDA‐cotton fabrics was greatly improved with a contact angle of 133°. Also, the grafted cotton fabrics show repellency of water‐soluble stains like coffee, milk, and tea. This study provides a new strategy for surface modification of cotton by laccase‐mediated grafting, which offers the references for the green fabrication of cotton fabrics with improved functionalization.
Determination of the interface band alignment of Mg2Si/4H‐SiC heterojuction for potential photodetector application
Authors: Liao Yangfang , Xie Jing , Lv Bing , Xiao Qingquan , Xie Quan
Published: December 2021

The Mg2Si/4H‐SiC heterojunction was prepared by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering technique. The binding energies of Mg 2p, Si 2p, and C 1s core levels and the maxima of valence band were measured by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Using the optical bandgap of Mg2Si (0.78 eV) and 4H‐SiC (3.25 eV), the band offsets of valence band (VBO) and conduction band (CBO) at Mg2Si/4H‐SiC interface were identified as 1.47 and 1.00 eV, respectively. The band alignment was evaluated to be type‐I band alignment. The Mg2Si/4H‐SiC heterojunction could be a promising candidate for the infrared (IR) photodetector.
Asymmetric Synthesis of α‐Amino Acids Bearing a 3‐Alkyloxindole Structural Motif
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Ping , Liu Yong‐Liang , Wei Jie , Chen Ling‐Yan , Li Ya
Published: December 2021

We report a diastereoselective Mannich‐type reaction of 3‐alkyloxindole with N‐tert‐butanesulfinyl imino ester. This method provides a concise route to α‐amino acid derivatives bearing a 3‐alkyloxindole structural motif. This protocol has the advantage of using readily accessible starting materials and is operationally simple. A plausible transition‐state mode for the observed stereoselectivity is presented.
Preparation and Properties of Ambidextrous Gelators Having Ethanolamine Moiety
Authors: Tsuge Akihiko , Koretsune Yoshihide , Araki Koji
Published: December 2021

Although tremendous research investigations on organogelators and hydrogelators have been conducted, the reports about the ambidextrous gelators capable of gelating both organic solvents, especially, apolar solvents and water are very limited. In order to create efficient ambidextrous gelators it should be necessary to take a bottom‐up approach. Thus, according to molecular design the amphiphilic compounds consisting of glutamate‐based structure having two long alkyl chains and the ethanolamine moiety have been prepared. The compounds having C6 and C7 alkyl chains have been found out to work as an excellent ambidextrous capability because they can only gelate water and apolar solvents. Although the compounds having C9 and C10 alkyl chain showed no gelation in water, by introduction of an ammonium cation into these compounds ambidextrous properties were gained. Ambidextrous ability can be imparted to the compound having no ambidextrous properties by mixing with a small amount of an authentic ambidextrous gelator.
Unidirectional Diffusion Interface for Controllable Synthesis of Soluble Conjugated Copolymers without Solubilizing Alkyl Substituents
Authors: Gao Shuxi , Zhao Yifang , Pang Hao , Wu Lian , Wen Mingtong , Liao Bing
Published: December 2021

A novel water/oil interface unidirectional diffusion system, which employed a silsesquioxane‐derived star‐shaped precursor to guide the growth of conjugated chain segments and realize the single‐phase separation of the products, was studied for the synthesis of the soluble conjugated polymers without any solubilizing alkyl substituents. In the reaction system, the precursors are arranged orderly at the interface of water/n‐butanol and provide thiophene end groups for oxidation polymerization. The polymer layer can effectively inhibit the direct contact between the reaction monomer and oxidant, thus preventing uncontrollable homopolymerization. The results show that increasing the length of flexible chain in the precursor helps to increase the reaction time and thus the length of conjugated chain segment in product. The reaction rate and unidirectional diffusion rate of the product affect the rate of material exchange between precursors and products at the interface, which are exchanged in the form of micelles.
Oxygen‐Deficient BiOCl Combined with L‐Buthionine‐Sulfoximine Synergistically Suppresses Tumor Growth through Enhanced Singlet Oxygen Generation under Ultrasound Irradiation
Authors: Wang Hui , Yang Weitao , Bian Kexin , Zeng Weiwei , Jin Xiao , Ouyang Ruizhuo , Xu Yan , Dai Chenyu , Zhou Shuang , Zhang Bingbo
Published: December 2021

Excess generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) based on sensitizers under ultrasound (US) excitation can cause the death of tumor cells via oxidative damage, but sonosensitizers are largely unexplored. Herein, oxygen‐deficient black BiOCl (B‐BiOCl) nanoplates (NPs) are reported, with post‐treatment on conventional BiOCl by simple UV excitation, showing stronger singlet oxygen (1O2) generation than commercial TiO2 nanoparticles and their derivatives under US irradiation. Moreover, L‐buthionine‐sulfoximine (BSO), a GSH biosynthesis inhibitor, is incorporated into B‐BiOCl NPs. The authors find that BSO can be released owing to the degradation of B‐BiOCl NPs in the presence of acid and GSH, which are overexpressed in tumors. The results show that BSO/B‐BiOCl‐PEG NPs have a multifunctional synergistic effect on improving ROS production. In particular, BiOCl has remarkable near‐infrared light absorption after UV treatment and is good for photoacoustic imaging that can guide subsequent sonodynamic therapy. This work shows that just with a simple oxygen deficiency treatment, strong 1O2 generation can be provided to a conventional material under US irradiation and, interestingly, this effect can be amplified by using a small inhibitor BSO, and this is clearly demonstrated in cell and mice experiments.
Engineering Bacteria and Bionic Bacterial Derivatives with Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Yin Ting , Diao Zhenying , Blum Nicholas Thomas , Qiu Long , Ma Aiqing , Huang Peng
Published: December 2021

Natural bacteria are interesting subjects for cancer treatments owing to their unique autonomy‐driven and hypoxic target properties. Genetically modified bacteria (such as bacteria with msbB gene and aroA gene modifications) can effectively cross sophisticated physiological barriers and transport antitumor agents into deep tumor tissues, and they have good biosafety. Additionally, bacteria can secrete cytokines (such as interleukin‐224, interferon‐gamma [IFN‐γ], and interleukin‐1β) and activate antitumor immune responses in the tumor microenvironment, resulting in tumor inhibition. All of these characteristics can be easily utilized to develop synergistic antitumor strategies by combining bacteria‐based agents with other therapeutic approaches. Herein, representative studies of bacteria‐instructed multimodal synergistic cancer therapy are introduced (e.g., photothermal therapy, chemoimmunotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and photocontrolled bacterial metabolite therapy), and their key advantages are systematically expounded. The current challenges and future prospects in advancing the development of bacteria‐based micro/nanomedicines in the field of synthetic biology research are also emphasized, which will hopefully promote the development of related bacteria‐based cancer therapies.
Transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 from humans to a 16‐year‐old domestic cat with comorbidities in Pennsylvania, USA
Authors: Tewari Deepanker , Boger Lore , Brady Steven , Livengood Julia , Killian Mary Lea , Nair Meera Surendran , Thirumalapura Nagaraja , Kuchipudi Suresh V. , Zellers Corey , Schroder Betsy , Torchetti Mia , Carpenter Ann , Kunkel Amber , Brightbill Kevin
Published: December 2021

Background and Objectives

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), besides causing human infection, has been shown to naturally infect several susceptible animal species including large cats (tigers, lions, pumas, spotted leopards), dogs, cats, ferrets, gorillas and minks. Cats and minks are continuing to be the most reported species with SARS‐CoV‐2 infections among animals but it needs to be investigated further.

Methods and Results

We report the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 from a domestic cat that exhibited respiratory disease after being exposed to SARS‐CoV‐2 virus from humans in the same household. SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA was detected in two oropharyngeal swabs collected at two time points, 11 days apart; the first, when the cat was reported to be sick and the second, before euthanasia due to poor prognosis. The viral nucleic acid detected at two time points showed no genomic variation and resembled the clade GH circulating in humans in the United States. Clinical and pathological findings noted in this 16‐year‐old cat were consistent with respiratory and cardiac insufficiency.

Conclusions

SARS‐CoV‐2 viral infection was likely an incidental clinical finding, as the virus was not detected in fixed lungs, heart, or kidney tissues. Only fresh lung tissue collected at necropsy showed the presence of viral nucleic acid, albeit at a very low level. Further research is needed to clarify the clinical course of SARS‐CoV‐2 in companion animals of advanced age and underlying cardiac disease.
Blue Carbon in Emissions Markets: Challenges and Opportunities for Mexico
Authors: Ivanova Boncheva Antonina , Bermudez-Contreras Alfredo
Published: December 2021

Mangroves are ecosystems made up of trees or shrubs that develop in the intertidal zone and provide many vital environmental services for livelihoods in coastal areas. They are a habitat for the reproduction of several marine species. They afford protection from hurricanes, tides, sea-level rise and prevent the erosion of the coasts. Just one hectare of mangrove forest can hold up to 1,000 tons of carbon dioxide, more than tropical forests and jungles. Mexico is one of the countries with the greatest abundance of mangroves in the world, with more than 700,000 ha. Blue carbon can be a novel mechanism for promoting communication and cooperation between the investor, the government, the users, and beneficiaries of the environmental services of these ecosystems, creating public–private-social partnerships through mechanisms such as payment for environmental services, credits, or the voluntary carbon market. This chapter explores the possibilities of incorporating blue carbon in emissions markets. We explore the huge potential of Mexico’s blue carbon to sequester CO2. Then we analyse the new market instrument that allows countries to sell or transfer mitigation results internationally: The Sustainable Development Mechanism (SDM), established in the Paris Agreement. Secondly, we present the progress of the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) to standardize the methodologies to assess their stock and determine the magnitude of the blue carbon sinks. Thirdly, as an opportunity for Mexico, the collaboration with the California cap-and-trade program is analysed. We conclude that blue carbon is a very important mitigation tool to be included in the compensation schemes on regional and global levels. Additionally, mangrove protection is an excellent example of the mitigation-adaptation-sustainable development relationship, as well as fostering of governance by the inclusion of the coastal communities in decision-making and incomes.
Relationship Between Emissions Trading System and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
Authors: Sosa-Nunez Gustavo
Published: December 2021

With the Paris Agreement and through Nationally Determined Contributions, nation-states have agreed to reduce their emissions of greenhouse gases. Some of them have approached this aspect by setting emission trading systems. In some cases, it is in the regional and sub-national levels where these types of developments are taking place. The relevance of this market-based instrument is increasing over time, to the point of being regarded as a cornerstone of climate change mitigation strategies, despite the lack of global agreement on the matter. The importance of emission trading systems, however, can be observed when assessing their relevance for achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Implementing them can, and should, assist in reaching diverse targets of different Sustainable Development Goals. This is the case of the goals related to energy, economic growth, inclusive industrialization, sustainable cities, sustainable production and consumption patterns, marine and land life, as well as the climate itself. Then, the relevance of emission trading systems can be observed throughout the whole 2030 Agenda. It is thus in this context that this contribution aims to assess the manner in which this relationship takes place in the global fora and in Mexico. A key argument is that there should be the participation of a wider set of sectors and actors.