bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Terrestrial invasive species alter marine vertebrate behaviour
Authors: Gunn Rachel L. , Benkwitt Cassandra E. , Graham Nicholas A. J. , Hartley Ian R. , Algar Adam C. , Keith Sally A.
Published: January 2023

Human-induced environmental changes, such as the introduction of invasive species, are driving declines in the movement of nutrients across ecosystems with negative consequences for ecosystem function. Declines in nutrient inputs could thus have knock-on effects at higher trophic levels and broader ecological scales, yet these interconnections remain relatively unknown. Here we show that a terrestrial invasive species (black rats, Rattus rattus) disrupts a nutrient pathway provided by seabirds, ultimately altering the territorial behaviour of coral reef fish. In a replicated ecosystem-scale natural experiment, we found that reef fish territories were larger and the time invested in aggression lower on reefs adjacent to rat-infested islands compared with rat-free islands. This response reflected changes in the economic defendability of lower-quality resources, with reef fish obtaining less nutritional gain per unit foraging effort adjacent to rat-infested islands with low seabird populations. These results provide a novel insight into how the disruption of nutrient flows by invasive species can affect variation in territorial behaviour. Rat eradication as a conservation strategy therefore has the potential to restore species interactions via territoriality, which can scale up to influence populations and communities at higher ecological levels.
Detecting macroevolutionary genotype–phenotype associations using error-corrected rates of protein convergence
Authors: Fukushima Kenji , Pollock David D.
Published: January 2023

On macroevolutionary timescales, extensive mutations and phylogenetic uncertainty mask the signals of genotype–phenotype associations underlying convergent evolution. To overcome this problem, we extended the widely used framework of non-synonymous to synonymous substitution rate ratios and developed the novel metric ωC, which measures the error-corrected convergence rate of protein evolution. While ωC distinguishes natural selection from genetic noise and phylogenetic errors in simulation and real examples, its accuracy allows an exploratory genome-wide search of adaptive molecular convergence without phenotypic hypothesis or candidate genes. Using gene expression data, we explored over 20 million branch combinations in vertebrate genes and identified the joint convergence of expression patterns and protein sequences with amino acid substitutions in functionally important sites, providing hypotheses on undiscovered phenotypes. We further extended our method with a heuristic algorithm to detect highly repetitive convergence among computationally non-trivial higher-order phylogenetic combinations. Our approach allows bidirectional searches for genotype–phenotype associations, even in lineages that diverged for hundreds of millions of years.
Low Quantitative Blush Evaluator score predicts larger infarct size and reduced left ventricular systolic function in patients with STEMI regardless of diabetes status
Authors: Nabrdalik Katarzyna , Tomasik Andrzej , Irlik Krzysztof , Hendel Mirela , Kwiendacz Hanna , Radzik Edyta , Pigoń Katarzyna , Młyńczak Tomasz , Gumprecht Janusz , Nowalany-Kozielska Ewa , Lip Gregory Y. H.
Published: January 2023

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diminished myocardial perfusion increase the risk of heart failure (HF) and/or all-cause mortality during 6-year follow up following primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) for ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of myocardial perfusion on infarct size and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in patients with T2DM and STEMI treated with pPCI. This is an ancillary analysis of an observational cohort study of T2DM patients with STEMI. We enrolled 406 patients with STEMI, including 104 with T2DM. Myocardial perfusion was assessed with the Quantitative Myocardial Blush Evaluator (QUBE) and infarct size with the creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB) maximal activity and troponin area under the curve. LVEF was measured with biplane echocardiography using Simpson’s method at admission and hospital discharge. Analysis of covariance was used for modeling the association between myocardial perfusion, infarct size and left ventricular systolic function. Patients with T2DM and diminished perfusion (QUBE below median) had the highest CK-MB maximal activity (252.7 ± 307.2 IU/L, P < 0.01) along with the lowest LVEF (40.6 ± 10.0, P < 0.001). Older age (p = 0.001), QuBE below median (p = 0.026), and maximal CK-MB activity (p < 0.001) were independent predictors of LVEF. Diminished myocardial perfusion assessed by QuBE predicts significantly larger enzymatic infarct size and lower LVEF among patients with STEMI treated with pPCI, regardless of diabetes status.
A new long-snouted marine reptile from the Middle Triassic of China illuminates pachypleurosauroid evolution
Authors: Xu Guang-Hui , Shang Qing-Hua , Wang Wei , Ren Yi , Lei Hong , Liao Jun‑Ling , Zhao Li‑Jun , Li Chun
Published: January 2023

Sauropterygia is the largest, most successful group of Mesozoic marine diapsids, spanning from the late Early Triassic to the Late Cretaceous. Plesiomorphic for sauropterygians, pachypleurosauroids are important for our understanding on the early evolution of this group. Here, we present a new pachypleurosaurid,Luopingosaurus imparilisgen. et sp. nov., based on an exceptionally preserved skeleton from the early Middle Triassic Luoping Lagerstätte in Yunnan, China. The discovery documents the first long-snouted pachypleurosaurid with an unexpected hyperphalangy in the manus, providing new insights into the morphological diversification, ecological adaption and biogeographic evolution of this clade. The discovery further indicates that there is a morphological divergence between short-snouted (brevirostrine) keichousaurids and relatively long-snouted (longirostrine) pachypleurosaurids, which was probably driven by ecological specializations related to feeding and foraging. Additionally, an evolutionary trend towards the reduction of the ratio of the hyoid length to mandibular length (HM ratio) is recognized in pachypleurosauroids. This reduction of HM ratio, associated with the increase of the snout length, might implicate a gradual recession of suction feeding in pachypleurosauroid evolution. Phylogenetic studies incorporatingLuopingosaurusrecover European pachypleurosaurids as successive sister groups to Chinese derived pachypleurosaurids, supporting a western Tethyan origin for this family.
Dialects in leaf-clipping and other leaf-modifying gestures between neighbouring communities of East African chimpanzees
Authors: Badihi Gal , Graham Kirsty E. , Fallon Brittany , Safryghin Alexandra , Soldati Adrian , Zuberbühler Klaus , Hobaiter Catherine
Published: January 2023

Dialects are a cultural property of animal communication previously described in the signals of several animal species. While dialects have predominantly been described in vocal signals, chimpanzee leaf-clipping and other ‘leaf-modifying’ gestures, used across chimpanzee and bonobo communities, have been suggested as a candidate for cultural variation in gestural communication. Here we combine direct observation with archaeological techniques to compare the form and use of leaf-modifying gestures in two neighbouring communities of East African chimpanzees. We found that while both communities used multiple forms, primarily within sexual solicitation, they showed a strong preference for a single, different gesture form. The observed variation in form preference between these neighbouring communities within the same context suggests that these differences are, at least in part, socially derived. Our results highlight an unexplored source of variation and flexibility in gestural communication, opening the door for future research to explore socially derived dialects in non-vocal communication.
Study on shock vibration analysis and foundation reinforcement of large ball mill
Authors: Tie Qu , Biliang Tang , Qiang Bian , Xiangyun Zhang , Ming Chen , Chunjiang Zhao
Published: January 2023

The vibration of the ball mill foundation will seriously affect the operation stability of the ball mill. According to the connection relationship between the ball mill and the foundation, the mill-foundation transient shock model is established. The effects of shock force, concrete grade and shock angle on the transient response of the foundation were studied. And based on the problem of the mill foundation, the reinforcement scheme of the foundation was put forward. The following conclusions are drawn: with the increase of shock force and shock angle, the displacement of foundation joints increases, and the maximum stress also increases; concrete grade has little effect on foundation stability; after the foundation reinforcement scheme is used, the vibration caused by the shock of the ball mill is effectively reduced, and the stability of the foundation is increased. Finally, the correctness of the model and the scheme is verified through the comparison with the test data. The calculation results provide a reference for the improvement of the ball mill foundation.
Characterisation of N-linked protein glycosylation in the bacterial pathogen Campylobacter hepaticus
Authors: McDonald Jamieson B. , Scott Nichollas E. , Underwood Greg J. , Andrews Daniel M. , Van Thi Thu Hao , Moore Robert J.
Published: January 2023

Campylobacter hepaticus is an important pathogen which causes Spotty Liver Disease (SLD) in layer chickens. SLD results in an increase in mortality and a significant decrease in egg production and therefore is an important economic concern of the global poultry industry. The human pathogen Campylobacter jejuni encodes an N-linked glycosylation system that plays fundamental roles in host colonization and pathogenicity. While N-linked glycosylation has been extensively studied in C. jejuni and is now known to occur in a range of Campylobacter species, little is known about C. hepaticus glycosylation. In this study glycoproteomic analysis was used to confirm the functionality of the C. hepaticus N-glycosylation system. It was shown that C. hepaticus HV10T modifies > 35 proteins with an N-linked heptasaccharide glycan. C. hepaticus shares highly conserved glycoproteins with C. jejuni that are involved in host colonisation and also possesses unique glycoproteins which may contribute to its ability to survive in challenging host environments. C. hepaticus N-glycosylation may function as an important virulence factor, providing an opportunity to investigate and develop a better understanding the system’s role in poultry infection.
Identifying metabolic shifts in Crohn's disease using 'omics-driven contextualized computational metabolic network models
Authors: Fernandes Philip , Sharma Yash , Zulqarnain Fatima , McGrew Brooklyn , Shrivastava Aman , Ehsan Lubaina , Payne Dawson , Dillard Lillian , Powers Deborah , Aldridge Isabelle , Matthews Jason , Kugathasan Subra , Fernández Facundo M. , Gaul David , Papin Jason A. , Syed Sana
Published: January 2023

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. A clear gap in our existing CD diagnostics and current disease management approaches is the lack of highly specific biomarkers that can be used to streamline or personalize disease management. Comprehensive profiling of metabolites holds promise; however, these high-dimensional profiles need to be reduced to have relevance in the context of CD. Machine learning approaches are optimally suited to bridge this gap in knowledge by contextualizing the metabolic alterations in CD using genome-scale metabolic network reconstructions. Our work presents a framework for studying altered metabolic reactions between patients with CD and controls using publicly available transcriptomic data and existing gene-driven metabolic network reconstructions. Additionally, we apply the same methods to patient-derived ileal enteroids to explore the utility of using this experimental in vitro platform for studying CD. Furthermore, we have piloted an untargeted metabolomics approach as a proof-of-concept validation strategy in human ileal mucosal tissue. These findings suggest that in silico metabolic modeling can potentially identify pathways of clinical relevance in CD, paving the way for the future discovery of novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Restoration and coral adaptation delay, but do not prevent, climate-driven reef framework erosion of an inshore site in the Florida Keys
Authors: Webb Alice E. , Enochs Ian C. , van Hooidonk Ruben , van Westen René M. , Besemer Nicole , Kolodziej Graham , Viehman T. Shay , Manzello Derek P.
Published: January 2023

For reef framework to persist, calcium carbonate production by corals and other calcifiers needs to outpace loss due to physical, chemical, and biological erosion. This balance is both delicate and dynamic and is currently threatened by the effects of ocean warming and acidification. Although the protection and recovery of ecosystem functions are at the center of most restoration and conservation programs, decision makers are limited by the lack of predictive tools to forecast habitat persistence under different emission scenarios. To address this, we developed a modelling approach, based on carbonate budgets, that ties species-specific responses to site-specific global change using the latest generation of climate models projections (CMIP6). We applied this model to Cheeca Rocks, an outlier in the Florida Keys in terms of high coral cover, and explored the outcomes of restoration targets scheduled in the coming 20 years at this site by the Mission: Iconic Reefs restoration initiative. Additionally, we examined the potential effects of coral thermal adaptation by increasing the bleaching threshold by 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2˚C. Regardless of coral adaptative capacity or restoration, net carbonate production at Cheeca Rocks declines heavily once the threshold for the onset of annual severe bleaching is reached. The switch from net accretion to net erosion, however, is significantly delayed by mitigation and adaptation. The maintenance of framework accretion until 2100 and beyond is possible under a decreased emission scenario coupled with thermal adaptation above 0.5˚C. Although restoration initiatives increase reef accretion estimates, Cheeca Rocks will only be able to keep pace with future sea-level rise in a world where anthropogenic CO2emissions are reduced. Present results, however, attest to the potential of restoration interventions combined with increases in coral thermal tolerance to delay the onset of mass bleaching mortalities, possibly in time for a low-carbon economy to be implemented and complementary mitigation measures to become effective.
Fundamental limits to depth imaging with single-photon detector array sensors
Authors: Scholes Stirling , Mora-Martín Germán , Zhu Feng , Gyongy Istvan , Soan Phil , Leach Jonathan
Published: January 2023

Single-Photon Avalanche Detector (SPAD) arrays are a rapidly emerging technology. These multi-pixel sensors have single-photon sensitivities and pico-second temporal resolutions thus they can rapidly generate depth images with millimeter precision. Such sensors are a key enabling technology for future autonomous systems as they provide guidance and situational awareness. However, to fully exploit the capabilities of SPAD array sensors, it is crucial to establish the quality of depth images they are able to generate in a wide range of scenarios. Given a particular optical system and a finite image acquisition time, what is the best-case depth resolution and what are realistic images generated by SPAD arrays? In this work, we establish a robust yet simple numerical procedure that rapidly establishes the fundamental limits to depth imaging with SPAD arrays under real world conditions. Our approach accurately generates realistic depth images in a wide range of scenarios, allowing the performance of an optical depth imaging system to be established without the need for costly and laborious field testing. This procedure has applications in object detection and tracking for autonomous systems and could be easily extended to systems for underwater imaging or for imaging around corners.
A multi-stage 130 m/s reluctance linear electromagnetic launcher
Authors: Einat Moshe , Orbach Yafit
Published: January 2023

Moon launching capabilities are vital for space program development. Especially important is the capability to launch without fuels or disposable elements since bringing supplies to the moon is complicated and expensive. An electric system would have the benefit of using solar or nuclear-based unlimited electrical energy. In this paper, such an electrical launching system is suggested—a reluctance coilgun launcher with multi acceleration stages. It has the benefit of simplicity and longer lifetime compared to other electrical launchers. In this paper, a successful implementation of a multi-stage reluctance launcher is presented that reaches the highest reported launching speeds from a reluctance coilgun. Moreover, a method to successfully add more and more stages is presented. Based on this method, an electrical launcher to be used for launching from the moon can be designed.
Activated T cell therapy targeting glioblastoma cancer stem cells
Authors: Miyaguchi Ken , Wang Hongqiang , Black Keith L. , Shiao Stephen L. , Wang Rongfu , Yu John S.
Published: January 2023

Naïve T cells become effector T cells following stimulation by antigen-loaded dendritic cells (DCs) and sequential cytokine activation. We aimed to develop procedures to efficiently activate T cells with tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) to glioblastoma (GBM) stem cells. To remove antigen presentation outside of the immunosuppressive tumor milieu, three different glioma stem cell (GSC) specific antigen sources to load DCs were compared in their ability to stimulate lymphocytes. An activated T cell (ATC) protocol including cytokine activation and expansion in culture to target GSCs was generated and optimized for a planned phase I clinical trial. We compared three different antigen-loading methods on DCs to effectively activate T cells, which were GBM patient-derived GSC-lysate, acid-eluate of GSCs and synthetic peptides derived from proteins expressed in GSCs. DCs derived from HLA-A2 positive blood sample were loaded with TAAs. Autologous T cells were activated by co-culturing with loaded DCs. Efficiency and cytotoxicity of ATCs were evaluated by targeting TAA-pulsed DCs or T2 cells, GSCs, or autologous PHA-blasts. Characteristics of ATCs were evaluated by Flow Cytometry and ELISpot assay, which showed increased number of ATCs secreting IFN-γ targeting GSCs as compared with non-activated T cells and unloaded target cells. Neither GSC-lysate nor acid-eluate loading showed enhancement in response of ATCs but the synthetic peptide pool showed significantly increased IFN-γ secretion and increased cytotoxicity towards target cells. These results demonstrate that ATCs activated using a TAA synthetic peptide pool efficiently enhance cytotoxicity specifically to target cells including GSC.
Identification of a particle collision as a finite-time blowup in turbulence
Authors: Lee Seulgi , Lee Changhoon
Published: January 2023

We propose an Eulerian approach to investigate the motion of particles in turbulence under the assumption that the motion of particles remains smooth in space and time until a collision between particles occurs. When the first collision happens, particle velocity loses $$C^1$$

C
1

continuity, resulting in a finite-time blowup. The corresponding singularities in particle velocity gradient, particle number density, and particle vorticity for various Stokes numbers and gravity factors are numerically investigated for the first time in a simple two-dimensional Taylor-Green vortex flow, two-dimensional decaying turbulence, and three-dimensional isotropic turbulence. In addition to the critical Stokes number above which a collision begins to occur, the flow condition leading to collision is revealed; particles tend to collide in very thin shear layer constructed by two parallel same-signed vortical structures when Stokes number is above the critical one.
Development and standardization of processing technique for ready-to-use lab fermented Kanji mix using refractance window dried black carrot powder
Authors: Kaur Preetinder , Zalpouri Ruchika , Modi Ritika , Sahota Param Pal , Dhillon Tarsem Singh , Kaur Amrit
Published: January 2023

Black carrots are rich in bio-actives but underutilized owing to their short-term availability and perishable nature. Traditionally, black carrots have been used for the preparation of Kanji—a fermented non-dairy beverage prepared using natural fermentation by lactic acid bacteria and a few spices. This plant-based probiotic beverage has high antioxidant properties but there is a risk of contamination with pathogens due to uncontrolled fermentation during storage. To enhance the availability of this nutritious beverage throughout the year and to ensure the microbiological safety of the traditional fermented product, the present study was planned to optimize the process for controlled fermentation using freeze-dried lactic acid bacterial (LAB) culture and refractance window-dried black carrot powder. The physicochemical and microbiological profiles of LAB-fermented Kanji were analysed. The dried Kanji mix can be reconstituted into naturally fermented probiotic beverage with unique flavour and aroma along with ensured microbiological safety and enhanced commercial value.
Spectrin-beta 2 facilitates the selective accumulation of GABAA receptors at somatodendritic synapses
Authors: Smalley Joshua L. , Cho Noell , Ng Shu Fun Josephine , Choi Catherine , Lemons Abigail H. S. , Chaudry Saad , Bope Christopher E. , Dengler Jake S. , Zhang Chuansheng , Rasband Matthew N. , Davies Paul A. , Moss Stephen J.
Published: January 2023

Fast synaptic inhibition is dependent on targeting specific GABAAR subtypes to dendritic and axon initial segment (AIS) synapses. Synaptic GABAARs are typically assembled from α1-3, β and γ subunits. Here, we isolate distinct GABAARs from the brain and interrogate their composition using quantitative proteomics. We show that α2-containing receptors co-assemble with α1 subunits, whereas α1 receptors can form GABAARs with α1 as the sole α subunit. We demonstrate that α1 and α2 subunit-containing receptors co-purify with distinct spectrin isoforms; cytoskeletal proteins that link transmembrane proteins to the cytoskeleton. β2-spectrin was preferentially associated with α1-containing GABAARs at dendritic synapses, while β4-spectrin was associated with α2-containing GABAARs at AIS synapses. Ablating β2-spectrin expression reduced dendritic and AIS synapses containing α1 but increased the number of synapses containing α2, which altered phasic inhibition. Thus, we demonstrate a role for spectrins in the synapse-specific targeting of GABAARs, determining the efficacy of fast neuronal inhibition.
Adrenergic signalling to astrocytes in anterior cingulate cortex contributes to pain-related aversive memory in rats
Authors: Iqbal Zafar , Lei Zhuogui , Ramkrishnan Aruna S. , Liu Shu , Hasan Mahadi , Akter Mastura , Lam Yuk Yan , Li Ying
Published: January 2023

Pain contains both sensory and affective dimensions. We identify the role of norepinephrine in colorectal distention (sub-threshold for acute pain) induced conditioned place avoidance and plasticity gene expression in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Activating locus coeruleus (LC)-projecting ACC neurons facilitates pain-evoked aversive consolidation and memory, while inhibiting LC-projecting ACC neurons reversibly blocks it. Optogenetic activation of ACC astrocytes facilitates aversive behaviour. ACC astrocytic Gi manipulation suppressed aversive behaviour and early plasticity gene expression induced by opto-activation of LC neurons projecting to ACC. Evidences for the critical role of β2AR in ACC astrocytes were provided using AAV encoding β2AR miRNAi to knockdown β2AR in astrocytes. In contrast, opto-activation of ACC astrocytic β2ARs promotes aversion memory. Our findings suggest that projection-specific adrenergic astrocytic signalling in ACC is integral to system-wide neuromodulation in response to visceral stimuli, and plays a key role in mediating pain-related aversion consolidation and memory formation.
Selenadiazole derivative-loaded metal azolate frameworks facilitate NK cell immunotherapy by sensitizing tumor cells and shaping immuno-suppressive microenvironments
Authors: Yang Yahui , Jiang Yalin , Xie Bin , Shi Sujiang , Pi Fen , Chen Mingkai , Sang Chengcheng , Xu Ligeng , Chen Tianfeng
Published: January 2023

Selenadiazole derivative-loaded metal azolate frameworks facilitate NK cell immunotherapy by sensitizing tumor cells and shaping immuno-suppressive microenvironment to combat breast tumor progression.
A strategic approach for Csp3–H functionalization of 9H-fluorene: an acceptorless dehydrogenation and borrowing hydrogen approach
Authors: Sharma Rahul , Mondal Avijit , Samanta Arup , Srimani Dipankar
Published: January 2023

Herein, we described the selective synthesis of both alkylated and alkenylated fluorenes using a single SNS ligand derived nickel complex.
An investigation of steric influence on the reactivity of FeV(O)(OH) tautomers in stereospecific C–H hydroxylation
Authors: Mitra Mainak , Brinkmeier Alexander , Li Yong , Borrell Margarida , Call Arnau , Lloret Fillol Julio , Richmond Michael G. , Costas Miquel , Nordlander Ebbe
Published: January 2023

The steric properties of the tetradentate ligand influences the reactivities of the Fe(v)O units in a number of tautomeric Fe(v)(O)(OH) complexes.
Aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) of tetrarhenium(i) metallacycles and their application as luminescent sensors for nitroaromatics and antibiotics
Authors: Nurnabi Mohammad , Gurusamy Shunmugasundaram , Wu Jing-Yun , Lee Chung-Chou , Sathiyendiran Malaichamy , Huang Sheng-Ming , Chang Che-Hao , Chao Ito , Lee Gene-Hsiang , Peng Shie-Ming , Sathish Veerasamy , Thanasekaran Pounraj , Lu Kuang-Lieh
Published: January 2023

Luminescent nanoaggregates of Re(i) metallacycles were used as potential probes for the sensitive and selective detection of explosives and antibiotics that contain nitro groups.
A DNA-Schiff base functional nanopore sensing platform for the highly sensitive detection of Al3+and Zn2+ions
Authors: Zhou Shuailong , Ye Jianhan , Zhao Xiaohuan , Zhou Zihao , Dong Yuanchen , Shi Qian , Liu Nannan , Wu Fen
Published: January 2023

The DNA-Schiff base functional nanopore sensing platform has been developed for highly sensitive detection of Al3+and Zn2+ions.
Theoretical prediction of a type-II BP/SiH heterostructure for high-efficiency electronic devices
Authors: Khang Nguyen Dang , Nguyen Cuong Q. , Nguyen Chuong V.
Published: January 2023

Using first-principles calculations, we systematically study the electronic properties and the band alignment in a heterostructure formed from 2D boron phosphide (BP) and silicane (SiH) monolayers.
Introducing EES Catalysis
Authors: Qiao Shi-Zhang
Published: January 2023

Editor-in-Chief Shizhang Qiao and Executive Editor Emma Eley introduce the first issue of EES Catalysis.
Current production strategies and sustainable approaches towards the resurgence of non-centrifugal cane sugar production – a review
Authors: T Venkatesh , A. M. Nandhu Lal , V. Silpa , Dharmalingam Balakrishnan , S. Padma Ishwarya , M. V. Reshma , M. S. Sajeev , Pandiselvam Ravi , Kothakota Anjineyulu
Published: January 2023

Demand for non-centrifugal sugars (NCS) is hampered by bottlenecks such as improper flow and unhygienic production practices. In this review, we discuss various advances and strategies required for the resurgence of NCS in the global market.
Continuous spinning of polymer nanofibers with uniform diameters using an anodic porous alumina spinneret with holes of different diameters
Authors: Yanagishita Takashi , Koga Akane , Masuda Hideki
Published: January 2023

Polymer nanofibers prepared via continuous spinning using anodic porous alumina are reported.
Chalcogen (S, Se, and Te) decorated few-layered Ti3C2Tx MXene hybrids: modulation of properties through covalent bonding
Authors: Azadmanjiri Jalal , Roy Pradip Kumar , Děkanovský Lukáš , Sofer Zdeněk
Published: January 2023

2D carbides and nitrides of transition metals (MXenes) have shown great promise in a variety of energy storage and energy conversion applications.
The application of NH4SCN as a nontoxic cyanide source for the divergent Strecker synthesis of aminonitriles and iminonitriles
Authors: Wang Xiaofan , Zhao Bingyue , Xu Lingzhi , Li Xuemin , Shi Haofeng , Du Yunfei
Published: January 2023

The reaction of arylaldehydes and arylamines with nontoxic NH4SCN in the presence of TBHP led to a divergent Strecker synthesis of aminonitriles and iminonitriles.
Lanthanide-catalyzed regio- and enantioselective hydrosilylation of aryl-substituted terminal and internal alkenes
Authors: Zhu Chenhao , Zhou Yuqiao , Yang Jia , Feng Xiaoming , Dong Shunxi
Published: January 2023

Highly regio- and enantioselective hydrosilylation of aryl-substituted terminal/internal alkenes with primary silanes was achieved using a chiral La(iii)-bisoxazoline complex.
A more accurate indicator to evaluate oxidative stress in rat plasma with osteoporosis
Authors: Dong Wei-Chong , Guo Jia-Liang , Jiang Xin-Hui , Xu Lei , Wang Huan , Ni Xiao-yu , Zhang Ying-Ze , Zhang Zhi-Qing , Jiang Ye
Published: January 2023

A simple and accurate HFCF-UF as preparation procedure for the first time was used to analyze homocysteine, cysteine, and homocystine, cystine simultaneously. Hcy reduced/oxidized is a more accurate indicator to evaluate oxidative stress.
Recycling of NdFeB magnets employing oxidation, selective leaching, and iron precipitation in an autoclave
Authors: Emil-Kaya Elif , Polat Buse , Stopic Srecko , Gürmen Sebahattin , Friedrich Bernd
Published: January 2023

The proposed conceptual flowsheet for high REEs recovery from spent NdFeB magnets.
Solubility of ammonium metal fluorides in aqueous ethanol mixtures – implications for scandium recovery by antisolvent crystallization
Authors: Peters Edward Michael , Svärd Michael , Forsberg Kerstin
Published: January 2023

The solubility of ammonium metal fluorides is evaluated in NH4F–ethanol mixtures and the implications for antisolvent crystallization of (NH4)3ScF6 are discussed.
Sequential hydrothiolation–hydrosilylation: a route to the creation of new organosilicon compounds with preset structures
Authors: Krizhanovskiy Ilya , Temnikov Maxim , Drozdov Fedor , Peregudov Alexander , Anisimov Anton
Published: January 2023

An efficient approach to the preparation of functional organosilicon compounds by sequential hydrothiolation (Ht) and hydrosilylation (Hs) reactions using commercially available catalysts and activators is presented.
Low-cost machine learning prediction of excited state properties of iridium-centered phosphors
Authors: Terrones Gianmarco G. , Duan Chenru , Nandy Aditya , Kulik Heather J.
Published: January 2023

Neural networks are used to predict iridium phosphor excited state properties at accuracy competitive with TDDFT, enabling high-throughput screening.
Nano-scale new Heusler compounds NiRh2Sb and CuRh2Sb: synthesis, characterization, and application as electrocatalysts
Authors: Wang Yiran , Fecher Gerhard H. , Subakti Subakti , Lubk Axel , Hantusch Martin , Schnelle Walter , Kaiser Felix , Doert Thomas , Ruck Michael
Published: January 2023

New Heusler compounds NiRh2Sb and CuRh2Sb are synthesized in nano-scale and in bulk. The nanoparticles prove to be excellent catalysts for electrochemical water splitting.
Hierarchical Ni2P/Zn–Ni–P nanosheet array for efficient energy-saving hydrogen evolution and hydrazine oxidation
Authors: Li Yaxin , Yu Xin , Gao Juan , Ma Yurong
Published: January 2023

A hierarchical Ni2P/Zn–Ni–P nanosheet array with unique structure and interfacial characteristics shows excellent catalytic performance in energy-saving hydrogen evolution and hydrazine oxidation.
Effects of hydrophobic side chains in poly(fluorenyl-co-aryl piperidinium) ionomers for durable anion exchange membrane fuel cells
Authors: Hu Chuan , Park Jong Heyong , Kang Na Yoon , Zhang Xiaohua , Lee Young Jun , Jeong Seung Won , Lee Young Moo
Published: January 2023

Hydrophobic side chain grafted poly(fluorenyl-co-aryl piperidinium) ionomers simultaneously possess outstanding peak power density of 2.6 W cm−2 at 80 °C along with durable in situ stability of 0.4 mV h−1 voltage decay rate under 0.6 A cm−2 at 70 °C.
Dynamical friction of a massive black hole in a turbulent gaseous medium
Authors: Lescaudron Sandrine , Dubois Yohan , Beckmann Ricarda S. , Volonteri Marta
Published: January 2023

The orbital decay of massive black holes in galaxies in the aftermath of mergers is at the heart of whether massive black holes successfully pair and merge, leading to emission of low-frequency gravitational waves. The role of dynamical friction sourced from the gas distribution has been uncertain because many analytical and numerical studies have either focussed on a homogeneous medium or have not reached resolutions below the scales relevant to the problem, namely the Bondi-Hoyle-Lyttleton radius. We performed numerical simulations of a massive black hole moving in a turbulent medium in order to study dynamical friction from turbulent gas. We find that the black hole slows down to the sound speed, rather than the turbulent speed, and that the orbital decay is well captured if the Bondi-Hoyle-Lyttleton radius is resolved with at least five resolution elements. We find that the larger the turbulent eddies, the larger the scatter in dynamical friction magnitude, because of the stochastic nature of the problem, and also because of the larger over- and under-densities encountered by the black hole along its trajectory. Compared to the classic solution in a homogeneous medium, the magnitude of the force depends more weakly on the Mach number, and dynamical friction is overall more efficient for high Mach numbers, but less efficient towards and at the transonic regime.
Constraining the turbulence and the dust disk in IM Lup: Onset of planetesimal formation
Authors: Franceschi Riccardo , Birnstiel Tilman , Henning Thomas , Sharma Anirudh
Published: January 2023

Context. Observations of protoplanetary disks provide information about the processes of planetary formation and reasons behind the diversity of planetary systems. The key to understanding planetary formation is the study of dust evolution from small grains to pebbles. Smaller grains (~1 µm) are well coupled to the gas dynamics and their distribution is significantly extended above the disk midplane. Larger grains settle much faster and are efficiently formed only in the midplane. By combining near-infrared polarized light and millimeter observations, it is possible to constrain the spatial distribution of both the small and large grains.

Aims. Our aim is to construct detailed models of the size distribution and the vertical and radial structure of the dust particles in protoplanetary disks based on observational data. In particular, we are interested in recovering the dust distribution in the IM Lup protoplanetary disk.

Methods. We created a physical model for the dust distribution of protoplanetary disks. We then simulated the radiative transfer of the millimeter continuum and the near-infrared polarized radiation. Using a Markov chain Monte Carlo method, we compared the derived images to the observations available for the IM Lup disk to constrain the best physical model for IM Lup and to recover the vertical grain size distribution.

Results. The millimeter and near-infrared emission tightly constrain the dust mass and grain size distribution of our model. We find size segregation in the dust distribution, with millimeter-sized grains in the disk midplane. These grains are efficiently formed in the disk, possibly by sedimentation-driven coagulation, in accordance with the short settling timescales predicted by our model. This also suggests a high dust-to-gas ratio at smaller radii in the midplane, possibly triggering streaming instabilities and planetesimal formation in the inner disk. We obtained a turbulent α parameter of 3 × 10−3.
Using Deception Baked by Military Assets to Delay Transition from Western Hegemony to Multipolarity
Authors: Popa-Simil Liviu
Published: January 2023

The period of colonial and neo-colonial domination of Anglophone and a bunch of other Western Europe countries is going to its very end. The collapse of Soviet Union by 1990 made possible the development of USA hegemony and with Eastward expansion of its military brunch NATO. In spite of human capital of EU it managed to become vassal to US, grace to incompetence and corruption of its leaders. In the modern era, powered by computer revolution, the economic gap between western Caucasian race dominated states and rest of the planet shrinks, and national “Brain Power” of each nation become the driving power for progress, prosperity and obvious for a multi-polar world. Confronted to this new reality, US makes extraordinary efforts to maintain its hegemony and status quo using the entire arsenal of political, economic and military assets, with disdain for morality or fairness for effectiveness reasons. In contradiction to a reasonable approach of the problem, understanding the roots of the difference in National Brain Power , and take necessary corrections, while integrating in the new world order as a smart power, US under military industrial stake holders pressure, decided to use its military assets, in which it invested $1tn every year, and to push the world towards a path of the and destruction, at the opposite of the path of cooperation and development the new emerging powers are proposing, that for sure is prone to a bd finality, accelerating the decay of the “western civilization capitalist model.
Research on the Evolution of Journal Topic Mining Based on the BERT-LDA Model
Authors: Tang Guofeng , Chen Xuhui , Li Ning , Cui Jianfeng
Published: January 2023

Scientific papers are an important form for researchers to summarize and display their research results. Information mining and analysis of scientific papers can help to form a comprehensive understanding of the subject. Aiming at the ignorance of contextual semantic information in current topic mining and the uncertainty of screening rules in association evolution research, this paper proposes a topic mining evolution model based on the BERT-LDA model. First, the model combines the contextual semantic information learned by the BERT model with the word vectors of the LDA model to mine deep semantic topics. Then construct topic filtering rules to eliminate invalid associations between topics. Finally, the relationship between themes is analyzed through the theme evolution, and the complex relationship between the themes such as fusion, diffusion, emergence, and disappearance is displayed. The experimental results show that, compared with the traditional LDA model, the topic mining evolution model based on BERTLDA can accurately mine topics with deep semantics and effectively analyze the development trend of scientific and technological paper topics.
Quantitative Assessment for the Impact of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Epidemic on Economic Viability in A Domestic Area
Authors: Zhang Jun , Liu Xiangdong , Jin Xiting
Published: January 2023

To combine the economic viability of urban areas with a quantitative condition that can characterize “epidemic” and “Pandemic” diseases, we use the factor analysis method to achieve index dimensionality reduction and subjective and objective integration method to achieve optimal weight distribution. We develop a judgment model by taking into account broad factors such as the epidemic situation, population, medical care, economy, and policy. On this basis, we chose 15 common infectious diseases as detection data and used the judgment model to obtain the specific quantitative judgment conditions of “spread, outbreak, epidemic, and pandemic.” The threshold for defining epidemics is between 3 and 5, and the threshold for defining pandemics is greater than 5.
Study on the Effect of Psychological Contract on Employee Knowledge Sharing in Virtual Platforms
Authors: Pan Qianqian
Published: January 2023

With the rapid development of Internet technology, employee knowledge sharing in virtual platforms plays a crucial role in the innovative development of enterprise. The psychological contract, as a bond of belief between organizations and employees, has been of great concern to the organizational field, and whether it has an impact on employee knowledge sharing in virtual platforms deserves in-depth study. Based on the above considerations, the study applies social exchange theory and reciprocity norms to posit that the fulfillment of employees' psychological contract is conducive to promoting their knowledge sharing in virtual platforms. The questionnaire and data analysis prove that the psychological contract plays a key role in facilitating employees' knowledge sharing in the virtual platform. The evidence shows that psychological ownership plays a partially mediating effect in the positive effect of psychological contracts on employee knowledge sharing, and that employees with a higher degree of openness to experience are more willing to engage in knowledge sharing in virtual platforms.
Research on the Relationship between Green Low-carbon Transformation and Capital Market Reactions
Authors: Xu Feng , Pan Qi
Published: January 2023

Green low-carbon transformation can effectively elicit capital market reactions. Based on the annual reports of A-share listed enterprises from 2012 to 2019, this paper defines the green low-carbon transformation behavior of enterprises and uses event analysis to explore the capital market reactions caused by the green low-carbon transformation behavior of enterprises. The results show that the green low-carbon transformation of enterprises can produce significant “announcement” effect, which will bring significant impact effect to the capital market. The results of this paper are still significant after robustness tests for different sectors and different policy shocks. Further investigation shows that the increase in corporate costs and profitability are the key factors that lead to a significant capital market reactions. The research in this paper can provide an important basis for the green low-carbon transformation of enterprises and can further reveal the motivation of green low-carbon transformation of enterprises.
Osteoinductive and Osteogenic Capacity of Freeze-Dried Bovine Bone Compared to Deproteinized Bovine Bone Mineral Scaffold in Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Culture: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Nugraha Andreas Pratama , Kamadjaja David B. , Sumarta Ni Putu Mira , Rizqiawan Andra , Pramono Coen , Yuliati Anita , Hendrianto Eryk , Rahman Mohammad Zeshaan
Published: January 2023

Objective Freeze-dried bovine bone scaffold (FDBB) or decellularized FDBB (dc-FDBB) was developed as an ideal scaffold with osteoinductive properties. This research aims to compare the osteoinductive properties marked by the expression of runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX2) and Osterix (OSX) and the osteogenic capacity of these scaffolds imbued with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs).

Materials and Methods This study was performed in five experimental groups: a negative control group (C-) of hUCMSCs with a normal growth medium, a positive control group (C + ) of hUCMSCs with an osteogenic medium, experimental group 1 (E1) with an FDBB conditioned medium (CM), and experimental group 2 (E2) with a dc-FDBB-CM, and a third experimental group (E3) consisting of a DBBM-CM. Alizarin red staining was performed to qualitatively assess osteoinductive capacity. RUNX2 and OSX expression was quantified using real-time quantification polymerase chain reaction with two replications on day six (D6) and day 12 (D12) as fold changes.

Results This experiment revealed that hUCMSCs were positively expressed by CD73, CD90, and CD105 but were not expressed by CD34. Alizarin red staining showed that E1 had the most calcium deposition on D6 and D12, followed by E3 and then E2 The RUNX2 and OSX expression was higher in E1 but this difference was not significant. The OSX expression in E1,E2,E3 was lower on D12 and C+ of OSX had the highest expression. There was a significant difference of fold change measured between all groups (p < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between any of the groups treated with OSX and RUNX2 on D6 and D12.

Conclusion FDBB osteoinduction and osteogenic capacity were higher when compared with DBBM and dc-FDBB.
From SARS to COVID-19: the role of experience and experts in Hong Kong’s initial policy response to an emerging pandemic
Authors: Matus Kira , Sharif Naubahar , Li Alvin , Cai Zhixin , Lee Wai Haang , Song Max
Published: January 2023

As one of the most densely populated places in the world, Hong Kong fared relatively well in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, with a very low number of cases and fatalities per capita. This was mostly due to the Hong Kong government, healthcare workers, and the general public’s institutional and individual memory after they successfully overcame the deadly severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in 2003. However, while Hong Kong was well accustomed to measures such as wearing masks and social distancing, the cooperation of the Hong Kong public to government restrictions was highly affected by its local political context, especially after widespread anti-government protests began mid-2019. This brought the public’s trust in government to an all-time low, creating a political ‘new normal’, which underpinned how COVID-19 policies would be proposed, accepted, and implemented, if at all. To understand how science advice was offered and how public health decisions were made, this research investigates the evolution of Hong Kong’s science advisory mechanisms for public health from before SARS, after SARS, and during COVID-19 in 2020, including the roles of key organisations and departments, the establishment of new centres and committees, and the creation of workgroups and expert advisory panels. This paper compares and analyses the reasons behind these differences in science advisory mechanisms between SARS and COVID-19. The findings from this research reinforce the unquestionable need for robust science advisory structures and knowledgeable scientific experts to solve health-related crises, though more research is required to understand the ways in which science advice influences both policy decisions and public acceptance of these policies.
Effect of ablation on the nonlinear spike growth for the single-mode ablative Rayleigh–Taylor instability
Authors: Fu J. Y. , Zhang H. S. , Cai H. B. , Yao P. L. , Zhu S. P.
Published: January 2023

The effect of ablation on the nonlinear spike growth of single-mode ablative Rayleigh–Taylor instability (RTI) is studied by two-dimensional numerical simulations. It is shown that the ablation can reduce the quasi-constant velocity and significantly suppress the reacceleration of the spike in the nonlinear phase. It is also shown that the spike growth can affect the ablation-generated vorticity inside the bubble, which further affects the nonlinear bubble acceleration. The vorticity evolution is found to be correlated with the mixing width (i.e., the sum of the bubble and spike growths) for a given wave number and ablation velocity. By considering the effects of mass ablation and vorticity, an analytical model for the nonlinear bubble and spike growth of single-mode ablative RTI is developed in this study. It is found that the nonlinear growth of the mixing width, induced by the single mode, is dominated by the bubble growth for small-scale ablative RTI, whereas it is dominated by the spike growth for classical RTI.