bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE MACROECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF NEET: A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS FOR FRAGILE FIVE COUNTRIES AND RUSSIA
Authors: BİNGÖL Ufuk
Published: December 2020

This study aims to investigate the impact of macroeconomic indicators on Not in Education, Employment, or Training (NEET) population in Brazil, India, Indonesia, South Africa, and Turkey accepted as Fragile Five countries and Russia 2005-2018 period by using the panel data analysis method. Gross Domestic Product Per Capita (GDP), Inflation Rate (Consumer prices, INF), Adjusted savings for education expenditure (% of Gross National Income, S), Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), HDI index data were used for explaining the NEET for selected countries. The relationship between variables was analyzed using the Panel Data Methods via Fixed-Effects Model. Therefore, according to the findings of Driscoll and Kraay Estimator- One-Way Fixed Effects Model, "HDI, GDP, FDI and S" variables have a statistically significant effect on NEET as the dependent variable. According to findings, while a 1% increase in HDI and FDI respectively give rise an increase of 2.14% and 0.03% on NEET, a 1% increase in GDP, and S resulted in a decrease of 0.77% and 0.38% on NEET. The findings of the correlation matrix of residuals revealed that the correlation between countries was highest between India and Brazil and the lowest between Russia and Indonesia. According to preliminary results requirement for human development indicators and attraction to FDI should be directed to rural areas for reducing the NEET rates in FFC.
The ‘Revolving Door’ of Direct Participation in Hostilities
Authors: Silvestri Alessandro
Published: December 2020

Contemporary trends of warfare have witnessed a so-called ‘civilian footprint’ in support of military operations while battlefields have increasingly shifted towards urban areas. International humanitarian law established a framework through which civilians are protected from direct attack ‘unless and for such time as they take a direct part in hostilities’. Three key areas have traditionally been associated with the analysis of direct participation in hostilities (‘dph’): civilian legal status, what behaviour amounts to dph, and what modalities govern this loss of protection. This article will focus on the latter and attempt to create a feasible and practical framework capable of harnessing the temporal scope of dph and limit the so-called ‘revolving door phenomenon’. The framework developed in this article will account for criteria that could and should aid decision-making on the battlefield, most notably causal associations between individuals and dph acts and the physical or non-physical nature of dph acts’ deployments.
Two new species of Colombian Epigomphus (Odonata: Gomphidae)
Authors: BOTA-SIERRA CORNELIO ANDRÉS , NOVELO-GUTIÉRREZ RODOLFO
Published: December 2020

The Neotropical genus Epigomphus Hagen in Selys, 1854 groups 31 species distributed from Mexico to northern Argentina. Only two species have been recorded so far from Colombia. Here we present two new species found in the north of the Andean Colombian Cordillera Central, Epigomphus rufus sp. nov. and Epigomphus brillantina sp. nov. Full descriptions of adult male and female and adult male respectively, plus diagnoses, pictures of the diagnostic characteristics, natural history notes, and a distribution map are provided.
The Actualisation of the L'viv Dialect in the Works of Yurii Vynnychuk
Authors: Pidkuĭmukha Liudmyla
Published: December 2020

The Actualisation of the L'viv Dialect in the Works of Yurii VynnychukThe article offers an analysis of the actualisation of Ukrainian vocabulary, primarily in the Galician dialect. Yurii Vynnychuk's novels Tsenzor sniv (Eng. Dream Censor) and Tango smerti (Eng. The Tango of Death) have been chosen as sources for this research. Particular attention is paid to vocabulary for naming abstract notions, some polite words, and vocabulary relating to L'viv domestic life. Furthermore, the semantic structure and stylistic features of the actualised L'viv dialect are identified. The results indicate that the vocabulary in Yurii Vynnychuk's novels was used to describe life in L'viv during the interwar period. In addition, an analysis of modern dictionaries demonstrates that Galician vocabulary, and the L'viv dialect in particular, are returning to the core of the lexical system. Aktualizacja lwowskiego koine w powieściach Jurija VynnychukaArtykuł poświęcony jest aktualizacji słownictwa galicyjskiego. Materiałem badawczym są powieści Jurija Vynnychuka Cenzor sniv (2013) i Tango smerti (2016), na których podstawie autor charakteryzuje główne grupy lwowskiego koine, wyróżniając słownictwo abstrakcyjne, domowe, indywidualne wzory etykiety i wiele innych. Określa funkcje zaktualizowanego słownictwa w tekstach literackich oraz analizuje reprezentację jednostek leksykalnych we współczesnych słownikach języka ukraińskiego. Ponadto w artykule dokonana została analiza osobliwości opisu używanych skrótów słownikowych badanych leksemów.
Terrestrial Evaporation and Global Climate: Lessons from Northland, a Planet with a Hemispheric Continent
Authors: Laguë Marysa M. , Pietschnig Marianne , Ragen Sarah , Smith Timothy A. , Battisti David S.
Published: December 2020

Motivated by the hemispheric asymmetry of land distribution on Earth, we explore the climate of Northland, a highly idealized planet with a Northern Hemisphere continent and a Southern Hemisphere ocean. The climate of Northland can be separated into four distinct regions: the Southern Hemisphere ocean, the seasonally wet tropics, the midlatitude desert, and the Great Northern Swamp. We evaluate how modifying land surface properties on Northland drives changes in temperatures, precipitation patterns, the global energy budget, and atmospheric dynamics. We observe a surprising response to changes in land surface evaporation, where suppressing terrestrial evaporation in Northland cools both land and ocean. In previous studies, suppressing terrestrial evaporation has been found to lead to local warming by reducing latent cooling of the land surface. However, reduced evaporation can also decrease atmospheric water vapor, reducing the strength of the greenhouse effect and leading to large-scale cooling. We use a set of idealized climate model simulations to show that suppressing terrestrial evaporation over Northern Hemisphere continents of varying size can lead to either warming or cooling of the land surface, depending on which of these competing effects dominates. We find that a combination of total land area and contiguous continent size controls the balance between local warming from reduced latent heat flux and large-scale cooling from reduced atmospheric water vapor. Finally, we demonstrate how terrestrial heat capacity, albedo, and evaporation all modulate the location of the ITCZ both over the continent and over the ocean.
Newman, Marcel, and Personal Knowledge
Authors: Lisowski CSC R. James
Published: December 2020

This article suggests that the religious epistemology of John Henry Newman can be enhanced if read through the philosophical lens of Gabriel Marcel. After briefly describing Newman’s epistemology as it appears in his most philosophically mature work, An Essay in Aid of a Grammar of Assent, and with particular attention paid to the illative sense, the charge of relativism will be considered. The answer to this concern of relativism is found in embryo in the pages of the Grammar itself, when it highlights not only the personal nature of assent but also suggests a communal dimension. To make this point explicit, I suggest reading Newman’s epistemology through the lens of Marcel’s philosophy. While being akin to Newman in terms of what constitutes genuine knowledge and one’s attainment of it, Marcel provides a richer philosophical story as to why our knowing is both personal and communal. To this end, the Marcelian understanding of situated existence and testimony will be explored. In sum, a Marcelian optic helps to supplement Newman’s epistemology while not detracting from it.
Derek Chauvin: Racist Cop or Product of a Racist Police Academy?
Authors: Radebe Patrick
Published: December 2020

This study uses Jerome Skolnick’s theory of the working personality to reveal how the training police recruits receive works to foster an institutional culture that promotes discrimination against Blacks. Possible solutions include anti-racist and Afrocentric educational initiatives, police reform and measures aimed at improving relations between police departments and the communities they serve.
(Un)configurable masculinities and gender dynamics in men’s eyes: “Mixed” couples of Filipino migrants in Belgium and the Netherlands
Authors: Fresnoza-Flot Asuncion
Published: December 2020

Studies on “mixed” couples focus mainly on women’s perspectives, which results in the neglect of the viewpoints of men. Addressing this empirical gap, this research note investigates the case of Belgian and Dutch men in (former) relationship with Filipino women, and Filipino men (currently or previously) married to Belgian/Dutch women. Ethnographic data analysis unveils the importance of the traditional division of household chores to these men. Belgian and Dutch informants maintain a gendered division of labor in their respective households, whereas Filipino informants, whose Belgian/Dutch spouses pursue gender equality, adopt various strategies to regain their masculine self.
Adaptive attitude-tracking control of spacecraft considering on-orbit refuelling
Authors: Xu Yiqi
Published: December 2020

This paper studies the attitude-tracking control problem of spacecraft considering on-orbit refuelling. A time-varying inertia model is developed for spacecraft on-orbit refuelling, which actually includes two processes: fuel in the transfer pipe and fuel in the tank. Based upon the inertia model, an adaptive attitude-tracking controller is derived to guarantee the stability of the resulted closed-loop system, as well as asymptotic convergence of the attitude-tracking errors, despite performing refuelling operations. Finally, numerical simulations illustrate the effectiveness and performance of the proposed control scheme.
Nipple Localization in Automated Whole Breast Ultrasound Coronal Scans Using Ensemble Learning
Authors: Raj Alex Noel Joseph , Nersisson Ruban , Mahesh Vijayalakshmi G. V. , Zhuang Zhemin
Published: December 2020

Nipple is a vital landmark in the breast lesion diagnosis. Although there are advanced computer-aided detection (CADe) systems for nipple detection in breast mediolateral oblique (MLO) views of mammogram images, few academic works address the coronal views of breast ultrasound (BUS) images. This paper addresses a novel CADe system to locate the Nipple Shadow Area (NSA) in ultrasound images. Here the Hu Moments and Gray-level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) were calculated through an iterative sliding window for the extraction of shape and texture features. These features are then concatenated and fed into an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to obtain probable NSA’s. Later, contour features, such as shape complexity through fractal dimension, edge distance from the periphery and contour area, were computed and passed into a Support Vector Machine (SVM) to identify the accurate NSA in each case. The coronal plane BUS dataset is built upon our own, which consists of 64 images from 13 patients. The test results show that the proposed CADe system achieves 91.99% accuracy, 97.55% specificity, 82.46% sensitivity and 88% F-score on our dataset.
A giant left ventricular pseudoaneurysm diagnosed after double-valve replacement
Authors: Sonawane Bhushan , Sivakumar Kothandam
Published: December 2020

A diagnostic coronary catheter injury to the subaortic region in a 41-year-old woman with rheumatic heart disease led to a pseudoaneurysm that later caused extrinsic left coronary compression. She subsequently underwent double-valve replacement, overlooking the pseudoaneurysm that enlarged to a giant size three months later following thrombolysis for mitral prosthesis thrombosis. A thrombolysis-induced large intracerebral hemorrhage posed a significant risk for reoperation, and mechanical prosthetic valves in the aortic and mitral positions allowed a catheter option only, through percutaneous transapical access. Interventional closure of the pseudoaneurysm is discussed in this unique report.
Offender personality disorder pathway Intensive Intervention Risk Management Service (IIRMS): Barriers to engagement and a vision for the future
Authors: Webster Nicole , Gardner Stephanie
Published: December 2020

As part of the national Offender Personality Disorder (OPD) pathway, Intensive Intervention Risk Management Services are commissioned to offer the opportunity for some eligible offenders to access individualised intervention to support their treatment needs, upon their transition from custody to the community (Skett and Lewis, 2019). However, it has previously been acknowledged that psychological services often fail to reach offenders due to a range of potential psycho-social reasons (Byng et al., 2012; NOMS, 2014; Skett et al., 2017). The current study aims to explore National Probation Service (NPS) and National Health Service (NHS) staff perceptions of the Intensive Intervention Risk Management Service (IIRMS), within the Cumbria, North and South Tyneside regions, including their perception of potential barriers to service delivery. Further, areas of improvement that may overcome potential barriers to engagement are discussed and comparisons are made to barriers identified to engagement within other NHS/NPS partnerships pathways; specifically the Mental Health Treatment Requirement (MHTR) (NOMS, 2014). Results indicate that the IIRMS is useful. However, a number of staff barriers, service user barriers and barriers within the method and delivery of the service were indicated. Results of the study offer the opportunity for shared learning across the pathway and with other services engaging with the most marginalised offenders within our society.
Gambling and Problem Gambling in Canada in 2018: Prevalence and Changes Since 2002
Authors: Williams Robert J. , Leonard Carrie A. , Belanger Yale D. , Christensen Darren R. , el-Guebaly Nady , Hodgins David C. , McGrath Daniel S. , Nicoll Fiona , Stevens Rhys M.G.
Published: December 2020

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to provide an updated profile of gambling and problem gambling in Canada and to examine how the rates and pattern of participation compare to 2002.

Method:

An assessment of gambling and problem gambling was included in the 2018 Canadian Community Health Survey and administered to 24,982 individuals aged 15 and older. The present analyses selected for adults (18+).

Results:

A total of 66.2% of people reported engaging in some type of gambling in 2018, primarily lottery and/or raffle tickets, the only type in which the majority of Canadians participate. There are some significant interprovincial differences, with perhaps the most important one being the higher rate of electronic gambling machine (EGM) participation in Manitoba and Saskatchewan. The overall pattern of gambling in 2018 is very similar to 2002, although participation is generally much lower in 2018, particularly for EGMs and bingo. Only 0.6% of the population were identified as problem gamblers in 2018, with an additional 2.7% being at-risk gamblers. There is no significant interprovincial variation in problem gambling rates. The interprovincial pattern of problem gambling in 2018 is also very similar to what was found in 2002 with the main difference being a 45% decrease in the overall prevalence of problem gambling.

Conclusions:

Gambling and problem gambling have both decreased in Canada from 2002 to 2018 although the provincial patterns are quite similar between the 2 time periods. Several mechanisms have likely collectively contributed to these declines. Decreases have also been reported in several other Western countries in recent years and have occurred despite the expansion of legal gambling opportunities, suggesting a degree of inoculation or adaptation in large parts of the population.
The Menopause Taboo at Work: Examining Women’s Embodied Experiences of Menopause in the UK Police Service
Authors: Atkinson Carol , Carmichael Fiona , Duberley Jo
Published: December 2020

This article contributes to the growing body of knowledge about gendered ageing at work through an examination of the embodied experiences of women undergoing menopause transition in the UK police service. Drawing on 1197 survey responses, providing both quantitative and qualitative data gathered across three police forces in 2017–18, the findings highlight the importance of a material-discursive approach that considers contextual influences on women’s bodily experiences. The article evidences gendered ageism and the penalty suffered by women whose ageing bodies fail to comply with an ideal worker norm. It makes an important contribution both to theorising embodiment, drawing in age as well as gender discourses, and to promoting a material-discursive approach that recognises the materiality of the body while also offering the potential for agency, reflection and resistance.
The effect of ocular dominance on macular function: A pattern electroretinogram study
Authors: Kılınç Hekimsoy Hilal , Sekeroglu Mehmet Ali
Published: December 2020

Purpose:

To investigate the effect of ocular dominance on pattern electroretinogram (PERG) recordings in the participants who have no ophthalmic diseases.

Methods:

One hundred and twelve eyes of 56 participants (mean age 32.96 ± 10.82 years) were included in this prospective, cross-sectional study. After detailed ophthalmological examination and determination of the ocular dominance with hole-in-a-card test, the PERG was performed to determine implicit time and amplitudes of P50 and N95.

Results:

There were no significant interocular differences in visual acuity, refractive error, or intraocular pressure ( p > 0.05 for all). Thirty-six (64.3%) of the participants had ocular dominance in the right eye. The dominant eyes had significantly higher P50 amplitude than in the fellow nondominant eyes (6.90 µV in dominant vs 5.87 µV in nondominant; p = 0.015; 95% confidence interval). There was no significant difference in N95 amplitude, N95/P50 ratio, and implicit times of P50 and N95 between the dominant and nondominant eyes of the participants ( p = 0.090, p = 0.124 p = 0.817, p = 0.668; respectively).

Conclusion:

The analysis revealed a significantly increased P50 amplitude of the PERG, which is known to be highly associated with macular function, in dominant eyes of the patients when compared to fellow nondominant eyes.
Light-duty single and multi-shaft boosting and compounding studies with in-cylinder insulation
Authors: Andruskiewicz Peter , Durrett Russell , Gopalakrishnan Venkatesh , Narayanaswamy Kushal , Najt Paul
Published: December 2020

A set of two-cylinder engine concepts utilizing a supercharger and piston- or turbine-compounding were compared to a turbocharged engine modeled with a consistent methodology developed in previous works. In-cylinder insulation was added to each of the engines to evaluate the effects on performance. The goals of this simulation were to utilize energy that otherwise would be bypassed around the turbine side of a turbocharger and redirect it to the crankshaft, as well as to redirect energy that would previously have entered the coolant into the exhaust gases where it could be reclaimed by a second expansion process. Gains in performance and efficiency were thoroughly analyzed to provide insight into the magnitudes and mechanisms responsible. It was found that the second expansion process from exhaust-compounding was able to significantly improve engine performance at moderate to high loads, as well as compensate for the loss in volumetric efficiency that accompanies in-cylinder insulation. The piston-compounded single-shaft DCDE was able to outperform the turbocharged multi-shaft DCDE at mid to high loads, and in maximum brake power due to the low losses in the coupled nature of the second expansion, while the turbine-compounded engine suffers higher losses due to the turbomachinery mismatch with the positive displacement power cylinders.
The Indian Stroke Scale: Development and validation of a scale to measure participation in daily activities among patients with stroke in India
Authors: Prakash V , Ganesan Mohan
Published: December 2020

Background

Prospects of a participation measure to be valid across cultures are debatable. Existing stroke outcome measures had been shown to have limited validity when used within Indian sociocultural contexts.

Aim

To develop and validate a patient-reported outcome measure of participation in daily activities appropriate for patients with stroke living in an Indian sociocultural context.

Methods

The scale was developed in two phases: scale development and psychometric testing. Items were derived from a conceptual framework of participation in daily activities of patients who had experienced stroke within an Indian context. The final version of the scale consisted of 25 items. A total of 377 patients diagnosed with stroke were recruited from two tertiary care hospitals and five physiotherapy outpatient rehabilitation centers in India. Psychometric testing of the scale included investigation of internal consistency, unidimensionality, construct validity (known group and convergent validity), and test–retest reliability.

Results

The scale items demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = .94). Confirmatory factor analysis results showed acceptable goodness of fit. The scale has shown good construct validity and test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.80). The scale differentiated patients with low and high disability severity (mean difference = 34, 95% CI = 27 to 39) and moderately associated with physical and instrumental activities of daily living ( r = 0.64, p < .001) and social participation domains of stroke impact scale ( r = 0.44, p < .001) and Barthel index ( r = 0.59, p < .001).

Conclusion

The Indian Stroke Scale has shown preliminary evidence of validity to support its use as a patient-reported outcome measure for evaluating poststroke participation in daily activities among patients with stroke in India.
Matrine Can Inhibit the Growth of Colorectal Cancer Cells by Inducing Ferroptosis
Authors: Wang Jingbo , Tang Peili , Cai Quan , Xie Sifang , Duan Xueyun , Pan Yuzheng
Published: December 2020

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system that can seriously threaten human health. Chinese matrine is known to have a wide range of antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. In this study, we evaluated the effect of matrine on ferroptosis using the HCT116 human colon cancer cell line. We evaluated cell viability and proliferation using the cell counting kit-8 assay and carried out cell clone formation experiment by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as well as levels of glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxide (MDA), Fe2+, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), transferrin receptor protein 2 (TFR2), and Sigma-1 receptor (Sigma-1R) in order to evaluate the redox status of cells. These results indicate that matrine can significantly reduce the cell viability of HCT116 and decrease cell proliferation. After treatment with matrine, ROS, Fe2+, and MDA levels increased significantly, while the GSH content decreased. In addition, the expression of GPX4, SLC7A11, and Sigma-1R decreased significantly, while the expression of ATF4 and TFR2 increased significantly. These results indicate that matrine can induce ferroptosis in CRC, which can provide new clues for further pharmacological research of matrine and provide experimental evidence for understanding its mechanism of inhibiting CRC.
Readiness towards emergency shifting to remote learning during COVID-19 pandemic among university instructors
Authors: Alqabbani Samiah , Almuwais Afrah , Benajiba Nada , Almoayad Fatmah
Published: December 2020

This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted to explore readiness with regard to the sudden shift towards emergency remote teaching and its correlation with perceived effectiveness, satisfaction, anxiety and attitudes among instructors in Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University (PNU) in response to the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Data were gathered using an online questionnaire on readiness and perceptions of effectiveness, attitudes and satisfaction relating to the emergency remote teaching, as well as the anxiety resulting from it. Pearson’s test was performed to assess the correlations between different parameters. The results of the study showed that readiness in terms of emergency remote teaching was high, at 44.9% among instructors, while 64.8% of them scored moderately regarding their perception of the emergency remote teaching’s effectiveness. A positive attitude towards emergency remote teaching was reported by 18.5% of the instructors, although a high level of satisfaction was observed in 79.6% of the cases, and 38.7% showed no anxiety. A positive and significant correlation was obtained between a readiness to shift to emergency remote teaching and perceived effectiveness, attitudes and satisfaction (r = 0.2 and p < 0.01); however, anxiety showed a significant moderate negative correlation with perceived effectiveness (r = −0.35) p < 0.01, attitudes (r = −0.33) p < 0.01 and satisfaction (r = −0.44), p < 0.01. In conclusion, instructors at PNU were ready to provide emergency remote teaching, which led to high perceived effectiveness and levels of satisfaction, while the high level of anxiety could be attributed to stressful circumstances related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Timing of Bisphosphonate Initiation After Fracture: What Does the Data Really Say?
Authors: Barton David W. , Smith C. Taylor , Piple Amit S. , Moskal Sterling A. , Carmouche Jonathan J.
Published: December 2020

Introduction:

Osteoporosis is often not clinically recognized until after a fracture occurs. Individuals who have 1 fracture are at increased risk of future fractures. Prompt initiation of osteoporosis treatment following fracture is critical to reducing the rate of future fractures. Antiresorptives are the most widely used class of medications for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Many providers are hesitant to initiate antiresorptives in the acute post-fracture period. Concerns include interference with bone remodeling necessary for successful fracture healing, which would cause increased rates of non-union, malunion, and refracture. While such concerns should not extend to anabolic medications, physicians may also hesitate to initiate anabolic osteoporosis therapies due to high cost and/or lack of familiarity. This article aims to briefly review the available data and present a digestible narrative summary to familiarize practicing orthopaedic surgeons with the essential details of the published research on this topic.

Results:

The results of 20 clinical studies and key pre-clinical studies related to the effect of anti-resorptive medications for osteoporosis on fracture healing are summarized in the body of this narrative review.

Discussion & Conclusions:

While few level I studies have examined the impact of timing of initiation of osteoporosis medications in the acute post-fracture period, the few that have been published do not support these concerns. Specifically, data from level I clinical trials indicate that initiating bisphosphonates as early as 2 weeks post-fracture does not increase rates of non-union or malunion. By reviewing the available data, we hope to give clinicians the confidence to initiate osteoporosis treatment promptly post-fracture.
Registered nurses’ experiences of providing respiratory care in relation to hospital- acquired pneumonia at in-patient stroke units: a qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Borglin Gunilla , Eriksson Miia , Rosén Madeleine , Axelsson Malin
Published: December 2020

Objective

This study aimed to describe registered nurses’ (RNs) experiences of providing respiratory care in relation to hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP), specifically among patients with acute stroke being cared for at in-patient stroke units.

Background

One of the most common and serious respiratory complications associated with acute stroke is HAP. Respiratory care is among the fundamentals of patient care, and thus competency in this field is expected as part of nursing training. However, there is a paucity of literature detailing RNs’ experiences with respiratory care in relation to HAP, specifically among patients with acute stroke, in the context of stroke units. As such, there is a need to expand the knowledge base relating to respiratory care focusing on HAP, to assist with evidence-based nursing.

Design

A qualitative descriptive study.

Method

Eleven RNs working in four different acute stroke units in Southern Sweden participated in the current study. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews, and the transcribed interviews were analysed using inductive content analysis.

Results

Three overarching categories were identified: (1), awareness of risk assessments and risk factors for HAP (2) targeting HAP through multiple nursing care actions, and (3) challenges in providing respiratory care to patients in risk of HAP. These reflected the similarities and differences in the experiences that RNs had with providing respiratory care in relation to HAP among in-patients with acute stroke.

Conclusions

The findings from this study suggest that the RNs experience organisational challenges in providing respiratory care for HAP among patients with acute stroke. Respiratory care plays a vital role in the identification and prevention of HAP, but our findings imply that RNs’ knowledge needs to be improved, the fundamentals of nursing care need to be prioritised, and evidence-based guidelines must be implemented. RNs would also benefit from further education and support, in order to lead point-of-care nursing in multidisciplinary stroke teams.
COVID-19 update: the first 6 months of the pandemic
Authors: Novelli Giuseppe , Biancolella Michela , Mehrian-Shai Ruty , Erickson Caroline , Godri Pollitt Krystal J. , Vasiliou Vasilis , Watt Jessica , Reichardt Juergen K. V.
Published: December 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic is sweeping the world and will feature prominently in all our lives for months and most likely for years to come. We review here the current state 6 months into the declared pandemic. Specifically, we examine the role of the pathogen, the host and the environment along with the possible role of diabetes. We also firmly believe that the pandemic has shown an extraordinary light on national and international politicians whom we should hold to account as performance has been uneven. We also call explicitly on competent leadership of international organizations, specifically the WHO, UN and EU, informed by science. Finally, we also condense successful strategies for dealing with the current COVID-19 pandemic in democratic countries into a developing pandemic playbook and chart a way forward into the future. This is useful in the current COVID-19 pandemic and, we hope, in a very distant future again when another pandemic might arise.
Development of hip protectors for snowboarding utilizing 3D modeling and 3D printing
Authors: Hong Kyung Hwa , Lee Heeran
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to develop a highly comfortable 3D male hip protector using 3D modeling and printing technologies. The hip protector pads and patterns were devised using 3D human body shapes, and three types of pads were chosen in consideration of snowboarding motions. The three types of pads were as follows: first, the original type with no hole; second, an inner open type with an incision on the inside; and third, an outer open type, with an incision on the outside. Another variable of the protective pads was the material: 3D printed thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) pad + ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA) foam or only EVA foam. Six types of pad prototypes were 3D printed and evaluated for subjective wearing comfort. Subjective comfort, fit, activity comfort, and shock absorption were evaluated on an 11-point Likert scale. The study results showed that protectors printed using TPU material were not different from the results of 3D modeling. The evaluation results revealed that comfort, fit, and motion comfort were all negatively evaluated by subjects when wearing the original pad. While fit, comfort, and motion comfort were all positively evaluated by subjects when wearing the outer open-type pad, and comfort and motion comfort were positively evaluated by subjects when wearing the inner open-type pad. With respect to materials, pads made with the 3D printing (TPU) and EVA foam combination provided the best results in terms of overall comfort, buttocks comfort, and activity comfort.
Near-surface full-waveform inversion in a transmission surface-consistent scheme
Authors: Colombo Daniele , Sandoval-Curiel Ernesto , Rovetta Diego , Kontakis Apostolos
Published: December 2020

Land seismic velocity modeling is a difficult task largely related to the description of the near-surface complexities. Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is the method of choice for achieving high-resolution velocity mapping, but its application to land seismic data faces difficulties related to the complex physics, unknown and spatially varying source signatures, and low signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) in the data. Large parameter variations occur in the near surface at various scales causing severe kinematic and dynamic distortions of the recorded wavefield. Some of the parameters can be incorporated in the inversion model, whereas others, due to subresolution dimensions or unmodeled physics, need to be corrected through data preconditioning; a topic not well described for land data FWI applications. We have developed novel algorithms and workflows for surface-consistent data preconditioning using the transmitted portion of the wavefield, S/N enhancement by generation of common midpoint (CMP)-based virtual supershot gathers (VSGs), and robust 1.5D Laplace-Fourier full-waveform inversion (LF-FWI). Our surface-consistent scheme solves residual kinematic corrections and amplitude anomalies via scalar compensation or deconvolution of the near-surface response. S/N enhancement is obtained through the statistical evaluation of volumetric prestack responses at the CMP position, or VSGs. These are inverted via a novel 1.5D acoustic LF-FWI scheme using the Helmholtz wave equation and Hankel domain forward modeling. Inversion is performed with nonlinear conjugate gradients. The method is applied to a complex structure-controlled wadi area exhibiting faults, dissolution, collapse, and subsidence in which the high-resolution FWI velocity modeling helps clarify the geologic interpretation. The developed algorithms and automated workflows provide an effective solution for massive FWI of land seismic data that can be embedded in typical near-surface velocity analysis procedures.
The effect of emtricitabine and tenofovir use in the pre-exposure profylaxis (prep) for HIV transmission
Authors: Goula Maria
Published: December 2020

No abstract available
Real-time Big Data Analytics Framework with Data Blending Approach for Multiple Data sources in Smart City Applications
Authors: S Manjunatha , B Annappa
Published: December 2020

Advancement in Information Communication Technology (ICT) and the Internet of Things (IoT) has to lead tothe continuous generation of a large amount of data. Smart city projects are being implemented in various parts of the world where analysis of public data helps in providing a better quality of life. Data analytics plays a vital role in many such data-driven applications. Real-time analytics for finding valuable insights at the right time using smart city data is crucial in making appropriate decisions for city administration. It is essential to use multiple data sources as input for the analysis to achieve better and more accurate data-driven solutions. It helps in finding more accurate solutions and making appropriate decisions. Public safety is one of the major concerns in any smart city project in which real-time analytics is much useful in the early detection of valuable data patterns. It is crucial to find early predictions of crime-related incidents and generating emergency alerts for making appropriate decisions to provide security to the people and safety of the city infrastructure. This paper discusses the proposed real-time big data analytics framework with data blending approach using multiple data sources for smart city applications. Analytics using multiple data sources for a specific data-driven solution helps in finding more data patterns, which in turn increases the accuracy of analytics results. The data preprocessing phase is a challenging task in data analytics when data being ingested continuously in real-time into the analytics system. The proposed system helps in the preprocessing of real-time data with data blending of multiple data sources used in the analytics. The proposed framework is beneficial when data from multiple sources are ingested in real-time as input data and is also flexible to use any additional data source of interest. The experimental work carried out with the proposed framework using multiple data sources to find the crime-related insights in real-time helps the public safety solutions in the smart city. The experimental outcome shows that there is a significant increase in the number of identified useful data patterns as the number of data sources increases. A real-time based emergency alert system to help the public safety solution is implementedusing a machine learning-based classification algorithm with the proposed framework. The experiment is carried out with different classification algorithms, and the results show that Naive Bayes classification  performs better in generating emergency alerts.
Identification of Tomato Leaf Disease Detection using Pretrained Deep Convolutional Neural Network Models
Authors: T Anandhakrishnan , Murugaiyan Jaisakthi S.M
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we proposed a plant leaf disease identification model based on a Pretrained deep convolutional neural network (Deep CNN). The Deep CNN model is trained using an open dataset with 10 different classes of tomato leaves We observed that overall architectures which can increase the best performance of the model. The proposed model was trained using different training epochs, batch sizes and dropouts. The Xception has attained maximum accuracy compare with all other approaches. After an extensive simulation, the proposed model achieves classification accuracy better. This accuracy of the proposed work is greater than the accuracy of all other Pretrained approaches. The proposed model is also tested with respect to its consistency and reliability. The set of data used for this work was collected from the plant village dataset, including sick and healthy images. Models for detection of plant disease should predict the disease quickly and accurately in the early stage itself so that a proper precautionary measures can be applied to avoid further spread of the diseases. So, to reduce the main issue about the leaf diseases, we can analyze distinct kinds of deep neural network architectures in this research. From the outcomes, Xception has a constantly improving more to enhance the accuracy by increasing the number of epochs, without any indications of overfitting and decreasein quality. And Xception also generated a fine 99.45% precision in less computing time.
A New Clustering Routing Protocol for Homogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks Powered by Renewable Energy Sources
Authors: Bassil Chirine , EL GHOR Hussein , Khalife Jawad , Hamadeh Nizar
Published: December 2020

The technology of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is in constant development and it made great progress in many applications. One of the most popular problems in WSNs is the limited energy storage power at every sensor node. This paper aims to propose and develop a new distributed clustering algorithm for energy harvesting wireless sensor networks denoted by DEH-WSN (Energy Harvesting for Distributed Clustering Wireless Sensor Networks Protocol) that relies on matching between clustering and energy harvesting in a distributed topology. DEH-WSN uses initial and residual energy capacity of the nodes to choose cluster heads. Simulation results prove that the proposed method increases network lifetime and the effective throughput.
ДИНАМИКА МАССОВОГО СОЗНАНИЯ В ПЕРИОД ПАНДЕМИИ
Authors: Kozlova Yulia Vladislavovna , Savchenko Irina Aleksandrovna , Gorokhova Anna Mikhaylovna
Published: December 2020

Социальные процессы в новых условиях во многом определяются той картиной реальности, которая формируется в массовом сознании, теми смыслами, ожиданиями, ориентирами, которые в нем актуализируются. Пандемия вируса COVID-19 в 2020 году спровоцировала активные трансформации массового сознания, которые содержат в себе как угрозы конструктивному развитию общества, так и новые возможности социальной динамики.Целью исследования является понимание специфики сознания нового типа, которое условно можно назвать пандемическим или, в перспективе, – постпандемическим.Основные задачи:– анализ общетеоретических и публицистических источников по вопросам развития и трансформации массового и глобального сознания;– систематизация данных о социальных, психологических, социокультурных процессах, сопровождающих пандемию;– выявление возможных негативных тенденций в динамике массового и глобального сознания, вызванных пандемией COVID-19;– оценка конструктивного потенциала общественного развития после пандемии.Методы и методология исследования. Исследование проводилось с использованием общенаучных методов анализа, обобщения, аналогии и сравнения в рамках диалектического, культурно-исторического и междисциплинарного подходов.Результаты. Проведён анализ отечественных и зарубежных исследований в области эпидемиологии, социологии, политологии, коммуникативистики, психологии и маркетинга, что позволило сформировать концептуальное видение массового (глобального) сознания как феномена. Дана содержательная характеристика динамики массового сознания в условиях пандемии, установлены адаптационные, социальные и коммуникативные аспекты общественных изменений, сопутствующих распространению COVID-19. Выявлен биосоциальный характер происходящих в обществе трансформаций.Результаты исследования могут быть применены при создании рекомендаций по изучению состояния общественного мнения по актуальным темам, в организации социально-значимых мероприятий, в создании баз знаний, вебинаров и учебных пособий социально-коммуникативного блока.
УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ТРЕТЬЕГО ВОЗРАСТА В СИСТЕМЕ ОБУЧЕНИЯ ПОЖИЛЫХ ЛЮДЕЙ В ГЕРМАНИИ
Authors: Vysotskaya Inna Vladimirovna , Yovanovich Tamara Georgievna , Alekseenko Natalya Valerevna , Lasareva Olga Vjacheslavovna
Published: December 2020

Данная статья рассматривает основные положения теории и практики образования пожилых людей в университетах Германии. В статье авторами проведен анализ организации дополнительного образования для пожилых людей. Авторы указывают, что пожилые люди сами устанавливают для себя личные цели, выбирая наиболее важные мероприятия из регулярных образовательных услуг, составляя собственную программу обучения. Новизна заключается в том, что в статье рассмотрена и охарактеризована одна из форм университета третьего возраста, успешно работающая на протяжении многих десятилетий на основе традиционного образования при высших учебных заведениях Германии. Полученные результаты показали, что обучение в пожилом возрасте, которое выделяется из так называемого обычного обучения взрослых, позволяет обеспечить гибкое состояние образования, сориентированное на индивидуальные потребности и интересы потребителей.
ПРОБЛЕМА ТЕЛЕСНОСТИ: ОТ МИФОЛОГЕМЫ К ФИЛОСОФЕМЕ
Authors: Senec Nina Gennadevna , Lobova Tatiana Gennadevna , Chaldyshkina Marina Viktorovna
Published: December 2020

Цель. Статья посвящена актуальной проблеме осмысления модернизации (enhancement) телесного бытия человека. Телесность исследуется в аспекте динамики двух упорядочивающих жизнь культуры структур: мифологемы и философемы. Авторы ставят цель показать, что основой инструменталистского отношения к телу является мифологема «тело – проект». Данная мифологема утверждается тематизацией философской мыслью тела в качестве объекта обладания и манипулирования.Методы. Основу исследования образуют компаративистский, историко-философский и феноменологический методы исследования.Результаты. Результат данной работы – выявление изменения отношения к сложившейся в к. XVIII–XIX вв. в европейской культуре мифологеме телесности, легитимизирующей различные практики протезирования тела и его превращения в эстетический «артефакт биотехнологий». Причиной этого изменения стали критическая оценка философской мыслью процесса биотехнологического «враждебного отчуждения» тела от субъекта. В результате стала заявлять о себе новая тематизация тела, выявляющая медиальную размерность телесности, призванную «вернуть» телу его исчезающую автономию.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в сфере разработки социально-культурных практик трансформации телесности, для формирования новых социально-этических норм понимания человеческого тела.
«ТЕКУЧАЯ СОВРЕМЕННОСТЬ» КАК СИМВОЛ ВЕРЫ В ПОСТИНДУСТРИАЛЬНОМ ОБЩЕСТВЕ
Authors: Neronova Marina Yurievna , Neronov Alexander Vladimirovich
Published: December 2020

В статье производится критический анализ социологической концепции современного общества, представленной в работе З. Баумана «Текучая современность» и формулируется альтернативный подход к пониманию современного общества как «социокультурной мозаичности».Цель: показать недостаточную обоснованность теоретической позиции З. Баумана на фоне современных социальных процессов и предложить альтернативную точку зрения на данную проблему.Метод и методология проведения работы: применялся феноменологический метод и аксиологический подход.Результаты: была предложена альтернативная концепция «социокультурной мозаичности», позволяющая объяснить сложные процессы, происходящие в современном обществе и необъяснимые с позиции З. Баумана.Область применения результатов: Полученные результаты могут быть применены при изучении современных общественных и культурных процессов.
ДИСТАНЦИОННОЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ: ПОПЫТКА ФИЛОСОФСКОГО ОСМЫСЛЕНИЯ
Authors: Kolesova Olga Valentinovna
Published: December 2020

В статье произведено философское осмысление использования информационных технологий в образовательной среде. Показана актуальность проблемы для современной культуры и общества. Поставлена цель: выявление положительных и отрицательных тенденций, возникших в условиях онлайн-образования. Методологической основой исследования является герменевтический подход и общенаучные методы (анализ, синтез, индукция, дедукция). Результатами исследования стали следующие позиции. Произведён анализ проблемы в контексте общенаучного дискурса. Показана дискуссионность анализируемой проблемы специалистами различных гуманитарных областей. Для анализа продуктивности дистанционного обучения выделены критерии: адаптация, развитие, мотивация. Показана амбивалентность проявления всех выделенных позиций. Неоднозначность продуктивности дистанционного обучения и проблем формирования личности в нём подтверждены опытом весеннего семестра обучения 2020 года. Даны результаты опроса студентов по поводу дистанционного опыта, полученного ИМОМИ ННГУ им. Н.И. Лобачевского. Выводы содержат указание на вынужденный характер замены традиционного обучения онлайн-форматом и допустимость его применения как дополнительной возможности.
On the Issue of Evaluating the Attractiveness of Elements of Mass Open Online Courses
Authors: Gerasimova V.
Published: December 2020

In this article, the author examines one of the trends in modern education – mass open online courses. MOOC traditionally includes interactive thematic lectures implemented by various technical means, as well as tasks, tests, and communication with teachers and students. From the beginning of creation and further when promoting courses, the author was interested in the question of how students evaluate various elements of MOOC. The Davis method is used to evaluate the preference of MOOC training elements.