bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Heart Rate and Energy Expenditure Using a Smart Bracelet during Different Exercise Intensities: A Reliability and Validity Study
Authors: Cai Yihui , Wang Zi , Zhang Wanxia , Kong Weiya , Jiang Jiayao , Zhao Ruobing , Wang Dongxue , Feng Leyi , Ni Guoxin
Published: June 2022

Background. With wrist-worn wearables becoming increasingly available, it is important to understand their reliability and validity in different conditions. The primary objective of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Lexin Mio smart bracelet in measuring heart rate (HR) and energy expenditure (EE) in people with different physical activity levels exercising at different intensities. Methods. A total of 65 participants completed one maximal oxygen uptake test and two running exercise tests wearing the Mio smart bracelet, the Polar H10 HR band, and a gas-analysis system. Results. In terms of HR measurement reliability, the Mio smart bracelet showed good reliability in a left versus right test and good test–retest reliability (p > 0.05; mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) < 10%; intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) > 0.4). For EE measurement, the Mio smart bracelet showed good reliability in a left versus right test, good test–retest reliability on the right (p > 0.05; MAPE > 10%; ICC > 0.4), and low test–retest reliability on the left (p > 0.05; MAPE > 10%; ICC < 0.4). Regarding validity, the Mio smart bracelet showed good validity for HR measurement (p > 0.05; MAPE < 10%; ICC > 0.4) and low validity for EE measurement (p < 0.05; MAPE > 10%; ICC < 0.4). Conclusion. The Lexin Mio smart bracelet showed good reliability and validity for HR measurement among people with different physical activity levels exercising at various exercise intensities in a laboratory setting. However, the smart bracelet showed good reliability and low validity for the estimation of EE.
Security Risk Intelligent Assessment of Power Distribution Internet of Things via Entropy-Weight Method and Cloud Model
Authors: Cai Siyuan , Wei Wei , Chen Deng , Ju Jianping , Zhang Yanduo , Liu Wei , Zheng Zhaohui
Published: June 2022

The current power distribution Internet of Things (PDIoT) lacks security protection terminals and techniques. Network security has a large exposure surface that can be attacked from multiple paths. In addition, there are many network security vulnerabilities and weak security protection capabilities of power distribution Internet of Things terminals. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct a scientific assessment of the security of PDIoT. However, traditional security assessment methods are relatively subjective and ambiguous. To address the problems, we propose to use the entropy-weight method and cloud model theory to assess the security risk of the PDIoT. We first analyze the factors of security risks in PDIoT systems and establish a three-layer PDIoT security evaluation index system, including a perception layer, network layer, and application layer. The index system has three first-level indicators and sixteen second-level indicators. Then, the entropy-weight method is used to optimize the weight of each index. Additionally, the cloud model theory is employed to calculate the affiliation degree and eigenvalue of each evaluation index. Based on a comprehensive analysis of all evaluation indexes, we can achieve the security level of PDIoT. Taking the PDIoT of Meizhou Power Supply Bureau of Guangdong Power Grid as an example for empirical testing, the experimental results show that the evaluation results are consistent with the actual situation, which proves that the proposed method is effective and feasible.
A Novel Privacy Preservation and Quantification Methodology for Implementing Home-Care-Oriented Movement Analysis Systems
Authors: Aqueveque Pablo , Gómez Britam , Williams Patricia A. H. , Li Zheng
Published: June 2022

Human movement is generally evaluated through both observations and clinical assessment scales to identify the state and deterioration of a patient’s motor control. Lately, technological systems for human motion analysis have been used in clinics to identify abnormal movement states, while they generally suffer from privacy challenges and concerns especially at home or in remote places. This paper presents a novel privacy preservation and quantification methodology that imitates the forgetting process of human memory to protect privacy in patient-centric healthcare. The privacy preservation principle of this methodology is to change the traditional data analytic routines into a distributed and disposable form (i.e., DnD) so as to naturally minimise the disclosure of patients’ health data. To help judge the efficacy of DnD-based privacy preservation, the researchers further developed a risk-driven privacy quantification framework to supplement the existing privacy quantification techniques. To facilitate validating the methodology, this research also involves a home-care-oriented movement analysis system that comprises a single inertial measurement sensor and a mobile application. The system can acquire personal information, raw data of movements and indexes to evaluate the risk of falls and gait at homes. Moreover, the researchers conducted a technological appreciation survey of 16 health professionals to help understand the perception of this research. The survey obtains positive feedback regarding the movement analysis system and the proposed methodology as suitable for home-care scenarios.
Measuring Heart Rate Variability Using Facial Video
Authors: Martinez-Delgado Gerardo H. , Correa-Balan Alfredo J. , May-Chan José A. , Parra-Elizondo Carlos E. , Guzman-Rangel Luis A. , Martinez-Torteya Antonio
Published: June 2022

Heart Rate Variability (HRV) has become an important risk assessment tool when diagnosing illnesses related to heart health. HRV is typically measured with an electrocardiogram; however, there are multiple studies that use Photoplethysmography (PPG) instead. Measuring HRV with video is beneficial as a non-invasive, hands-free alternative and represents a more accessible approach. We developed a methodology to extract HRV from video based on face detection algorithms and color augmentation. We applied this methodology to 45 samples. Signals obtained from PPG and video recorded an average mean error of less than 1 bpm when measuring the heart rate of all subjects. Furthermore, utilizing PPG and video, we computed 61 variables related to HRV. We compared each of them with three correlation metrics (i.e., Kendall, Pearson, and Spearman), adjusting them for multiple comparisons with the Benjamini–Hochberg method to control the false discovery rate and to retrieve the q-value when considering statistical significance lower than 0.5. Using these methods, we found significant correlations for 38 variables (e.g., Heart Rate, 0.991; Mean NN Interval, 0.990; and NN Interval Count, 0.955) using time-domain, frequency-domain, and non-linear methods.
A Comparative Review of Thermocouple and Infrared Radiation Temperature Measurement Methods during the Machining of Metals
Authors: Leonidas Emilios , Ayvar-Soberanis Sabino , Laalej Hatim , Fitzpatrick Stephen , Willmott Jon R.
Published: June 2022

During the machining process, substantial thermal loads are generated due to tribological factors and plastic deformation. The increase in temperature during the cutting process can lead to accelerated tool wear, reducing the tool’s lifespan; the degradation of machining accuracy in the form of dimensional inaccuracies; and thermally induced defects affecting the metallurgical properties of the machined component. These effects can lead to a significant increase in operational costs and waste which deviate from the sustainability goals of Industry 4.0. Temperature is an important machining response; however, it is one of the most difficult factors to monitor, especially in high-speed machining applications such as drilling and milling, because of the high rotational speeds of the cutting tool and the aggressive machining environments. In this article, thermocouple and infrared radiation temperature measurement methods used by researchers to monitor temperature during turning, drilling and milling operations are reviewed. The major merits and limitations of each temperature measurement methodology are discussed and evaluated. Thermocouples offer a relatively inexpensive solution; however, they are prone to calibration drifts and their response times are insufficient to capture rapid temperature changes in high-speed operations. Fibre optic infrared thermometers have very fast response times; however, they can be relatively expensive and require a more robust implementation. It was found that no one temperature measurement methodology is ideal for all machining operations. The most suitable temperature measurement method can be selected by individual researchers based upon their experimental requirements using critical criteria, which include the expected temperature range, the sensor sensitivity to noise, responsiveness and cost.
ARDformer: Agroforestry Road Detection for Autonomous Driving Using Hierarchical Transformer
Authors: Firkat Eksan , Zhang Jinlai , Wu Danfeng , Yang Minyuan , Zhu Jihong , Hamdulla Askar
Published: June 2022

Road detection is a crucial part of the autonomous driving system, and semantic segmentation is used as the default method for this kind of task. However, the descriptive categories of agroforestry are not directly definable and constrain the semantic segmentation-based method for road detection. This paper proposes a novel road detection approach to overcome the problem mentioned above. Specifically, a novel two-stage method for road detection in an agroforestry environment, namely ARDformer. First, a transformer-based hierarchical feature aggregation network is used for semantic segmentation. After the segmentation network generates the scene mask, the edge extraction algorithm extracts the trail’s edge. It then calculates the periphery of the trail to surround the area where the trail and grass are located. The proposed method is tested on the public agroforestry dataset, and experimental results show that the intersection over union is approximately 0.82, which significantly outperforms the baseline. Moreover, ARDformer is also effective in a real agroforestry environment.
Current requirements for inventory in healthcare organizations
Authors:   Faculty of taxes, audit and business analysis, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Dombrovskaya E.N.
Published: June 2022

The article discusses the content of two federal standards “Events after the reporting date” — for commercial organizations and for public sector organizations. Similar methodological approaches have been identified in the recognition, accounting and reporting of events after the reporting date. The list of issues requiring inclusion in the accounting policy of the organization in terms of events after the reporting date is considered. It is shown that events after the reporting date are a consequence of the organization’s work in a risky environment. This requires the identification and regular monitoring of risks. Based on the consideration of the risk system inherent in medical organizations, recommendations are given on the disclosure of information about risk factors and their consequences in the context of economic sanctions.
Ukrainian Neo-Nazism: рast and present
Authors:   Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Altunin Sergey N. , Vinokurov Vladimir I. ,   Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia
Published: June 2022

The article gives an answer to the question why it became possible to conduct a special operation of the Armed Forces of Russia. In order to answer it, the authors return readers to the history of Ukrainian statehood and use its concrete examples to show how Nazism originated and evolved in this country. It is emphasized that the birth of Ukrainian Nazism took place 100 years ago, with the formation of the Rada (Central Council of Ukraine) in Kiev on March 17, 1917 under the leadership of one of the most prominent figures of Ukrainian bourgeois nationalism, historian Professor Hrushevsky M. S. and the adoption by Armenia on June 23, 1917 of the First Universal (Constitution), in which autonomy was proclaimed unilaterally, that is, independence of Ukraine was proclaimed. It was followed by the approval on November 20, 1917, first of the III Universal, in which the Ukrainian People's Republic was proclaimed as a federal part of Russia (white), and then — on January 22, 1918, of the IV Universal, in which the independence of the Ukrainian People's Republic was proclaimed, although the possibility of Ukraine entering into a federal connection with Russia after the convocation was left The Constituent Assembly of Ukraine. But a special contribution to the establishment of Ukrainian national-ism was made by the hetman regime of P. Skoropadsky, which lasted from April 28 to December 14, 1918, and the regime of Simon Petlyura in 1919–1920. Since 2014, the authorities in Kiev have been building their domestic and foreign policy taking into account the sinister traditions of their predecessors.
India at the Geopolitical Crossroads
Authors:   Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Velichkin Sergey V.
Published: June 2022

The article refutes the widely circulated claim that India has made its geopolitical choice in favor of the USA through joining it in confront-ing China by participating in the QUAD dialogue format. While considering the factors of substantial advance in US-Indian relationship, the author points out that it was rather the geopolitical choice of the USA itself, that the Obama Administration’s “pivot” went to consolidate after quite a prolonged period of ultimately futile attempts by Washington to incorporate Beijing into its “uni-polar moment.” With China-India rivalry having definitely increased, their mechanism of regular meetings on the border problem has enabled them to put the issue outside the general context of their relationship. It facilitated the creation of possibilities for a substantial advance of relations between the two countries in trade and investment spheres, setting up the political dialogue, including at the summit level, and interaction within a number of multilateral formats. Analysis of the geopolitical concept of India’s present Foreign Minister shows, that it is based on a design to take advantage from the interest taken in obtaining India’s support by the opponents of the establishment in the Indo-Pacific region of “China’s hegemony” while avoiding “excessively antagonizing” the latter. This is confirmed by India’s care to avoid giving the QUAD the shape of a military bloc, which has been taken into account by its partners within “the four” at the current stage. Highlighted is the importance attached by India to promoting its continental geopolitical interests by enhancing its relations with Russia and participating in the SCO and the RIC, especially taking into account the disorderly withdrawal of the US forces from Afghanistan. The Indians attaching lately a place of importance in their Indo-Pacific doctrine to Russia has been taken note of. The article comes to a conclusion that India continues its geopolitical maneuvering, which remains an important part of the real picture of world politics with a potential to be used for the benefit of its positive evolution.
Assessment of the possibility of achieving in 2025 the planned results of the state program of the Russian Federation «Development of the aviation industry for 2013–2025»
Authors:   Central Economic and Mathematical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrov Alexander Georgievich
Published: June 2022

The article discusses the main problems of the implementation of the state program of the Russian Federation «Development of the aviation industry». Its interim results and achieved results in the development of the Russian aircraft industry are studied, the quality of the system of target indicators of the program is analyzed. The possibility of achieving the planned results of the implementation of the state program in 2025, primarily in the field of aircraft construction, is being assessed.
Features of commercial activity in wholesale and retail enterprises
Authors:   Department of International Commerce of Economics Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Nikolaeva M. A. , Montanari S. ,   Higher School of Economics Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this article is to analyze the features of the commercial activities of wholesale and retail trade organizations on the example of Metro Cash and Carry LLC. It is established that the combination of two types of trading activities — wholesale and retail — requires wholesale and retail enterprises to take special approaches to providing services to intermediate and final consumers, as well as organizing and managing the trade and technological process.
Overview of basic methods for exiting the barrier impasse in international trade
Authors:   RUDN University, Russia, Moscow, Terletskiy Maxim Vladimirovich , Madiyarova Diana Makayevna ,   RUDN University, Russia, Moscow
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this article is to systematize the main approaches to solving the problem of foreign trade barriers. The search for ways out of the barrier impasse in foreign trade is carried out through a review analysis of scientific papers focused on studying such a problem, and building a classification of the main ways to prevent barriers based on the results of a review analysis of scientific literature. The latter showed that the scientific literature mainly identifies four significant areas for preventing trade barriers: membership in international organizations, preferential trade agreements, trade facilitation, and the use of trade compensation funds aimed at mitigating future foreign trade losses. Membership in international organizations is considered the most standard solution to the problem of barriers to international trade, but today, in the face of trade wars, it is insufficient to prevent barriers to foreign trade. The latter, in particular, is explained by the fact that in the world between different organizations there is a problem of heterogeneity of normative acts, which significantly slows down the movement of foreign trade flows. Thus, countries around the world need to focus on the use of preferential trade agreements and various methods of facilitating trade procedures in foreign trade practice. In addition, trade compensation and accumulation funds should also be formed to compensate for future trade losses and increase foreign trade flows of the countries of the world community. The use of review analysis made it possible to build a systematic classification of methods for overcoming the barrier impasse in the framework of international trade between countries of the international community.
AI-system, correlation-regression model and VaR-model for prediction of overdue debt of commercial banks of the Russian Federation and analysis of financial risk
Authors:   Volgograd State Technical University, Russia, Vimalarathne Kanchana , Lomakin Nikolay Ivanovich ,   Volgograd State Technical University, Russia, Shabanov Nikita Timofeevich ,   Volgograd State Technical University, Russia, Kryukova Svetlana Yuryevna ,   MFPS VolgGTU, Leading Engineer, Branch of Federal State Budgetary Institution FKP Rosreestra in the Volgograd Region, Naumova Svetlana Alekseevna ,   Volgograd State Technical University, Russia, Repin Yaroslav Andreevich ,   Volzhsky Polytechnic Institute (branch) of the federal state budgetary educational institution of higher education «Volgograd State Technical University», FEI «Engineering and Economics Faculty», Russia, Volzhsky, Engels, Lomakin Ivan Nikolaevich ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Volzhsky Polytechnic Institute (branch) VolgGTU», Volzhsky, Russia, Radionova Elena Alexandrovna ,   Volgograd branch of the Russian Economic University named after. G.V. Plekhanov
Published: June 2022

The article examines the theoretical foundations for the emergence of overdue debts on loans and forecasting financial risk in Russian banks in modern conditions. The relevance of the study is that the growth of bad debts of commercial banks on loans is currently one of the most acute problems. The collected material made it possible to analyze the dynamics of the volume of overdue debt on loans in commercial banks of the Russian Federation for the period 2013–2021. In the course of the study, it was revealed that many factors influence the volume of bad debts. In order to study the influence of factorial signs on the effective sign — the amount of overdue debt, an attempt was made to use such models as: correlation-regression, AI and VaR. A hypothesis has been put forward and proved that with the help of models: correlation-regression, AI and VaR, it is possible to obtain a forecast of the volume of overdue loans in the portfolio of commercial banks of the Russian Federation. The correlation-regression model, in addition to the resultant sign Y — the growth rate of overdue debt, included such factorial signs as: X1 — the growth rate of GDP per capita; X2 — the growth rate of the average per capita income of the population; X3 — the growth rate of foreign trade surplus; X4 — inflation index; X5 — growth rate of capital outflow; X6 — growth rate of cash; X7 — interest rate on loans; X8 — US dollar exchange rate; X9 — price of a barrel of oil URLS dollars; X10 — wage growth. The study showed that the use of various forecasting tools provides different amounts of arrears, for example, for 2022: the correlation-regression model — 7159.9 billion rubles, the neural network — 4466.251 billion rubles, and the VaR model 5426 .56 billion rubles overdue loans.
Variation in suspected cancer referral pathways in primary care: comparative analysis across the International Benchmarking Cancer Partnership
Authors: Lynch Charlotte , Harrison Samantha , Emery Jon D , Clelland Cathy , Dorman Laurence , Collins Claire , Johansen May-Lill , Lawrenson Ross , Surgey Alun , Weller David , Jarbøl Dorte Ejg , Balasubramaniam Kirubakaran , Nicholson Brian D
Published: June 2022

Background

International variations in cancer outcomes persist and may be influenced by differences in the accessibility and organisation of cancer patient pathways. More evidence is needed to understand to what extent variations in the structure of primary care referral pathways for cancer investigation contribute to differences in the timeliness of diagnoses and cancer outcomes in different countries.

Aim

To explore the variation in primary care referral pathways for the management of suspected cancer across different countries.

Design and setting

Descriptive comparative analysis using mixed methods across the International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership (ICBP) countries.

Method

Schematics of primary care referral pathways were developed across 10 ICBP jurisdictions. The schematics were initially developed using the Aarhus statement (a resource providing greater insight and precision into early cancer diagnosis research) and were further supplemented with expert insights through consulting leading experts in primary care and cancer, existing ICBP data, a focused review of existing evidence on the management of suspected cancer, published primary care cancer guidelines, and evaluations of referral tools and initiatives in primary care.

Results

Referral pathway schematics for 10 ICBP jurisdictions were presented alongside a descriptive comparison of the organisation of primary care management of suspected cancer. Several key areas of variation across countries were identified: inflexibility of referral pathways, lack of a managed route for non-specific symptoms, primary care practitioner decision-making autonomy, direct access to investigations, and use of emergency routes.

Conclusion

Analysing the differences in referral processes can prompt further research to better understand the impact of variation on the timeliness of diagnoses and cancer outcomes. Studying these schematics in local contexts may help to identify opportunities to improve care and facilitate discussions on what may constitute best referral practice.
Hacia una historia crítica de la mirada. Repensando el uso de la imagen dentro de las ciencias sociales
Authors: Flores Nava Fabiola Jesavel
Published: June 2022

En este artículo, se rescata el discurso crítico como elemento fundamental para sustentar lo que se ha denominado Historia crítica de la mirada. Aquí no se intenta establecer un simple método de interpretación de la imagen, sino que, por el contrario, se pretende rescatar el uso de la imagen como parte fundamental de un amplio análisis capaz de contener dentro de sí memorias y expresiones sociales que permitan exponer las contradicciones imperantes en la vida moderna, una vida que obliga o vuelve indispensable el ocultamiento del funcionamiento de la realidad para que en la práctica cotidiana permanezcan vigentes las formas institucionalizadas de la sociedad. Por ello planteamos que los juicios, las ideologías y preferencias de los que operan el aparato, los que crean la imagen, los que la interpretan, así como de los que encargan las imágenes, etc., no son neutrales, sino que están inmersas en un mundo complejo, contradictorio y construido sobre dinámicas cotidianas que reproducen y favorecen una práctica material determinada, muchas veces acorde con el discurso dominante.
El yo, tú, él: Forma de enunciación en la construcción de la imagen fotográfica
Authors:   , Gómez Pablo Ariel
Published: June 2022

La mayoría cree que la fotografía es solo un sistema que permite reproducir imágenes, existe mucha exactitud en esas palabras, algunos/as entre los/as que me incluyo entienden que la fotografía es un medio para aproximarse a formas de expresión cada vez más exactas, es así que intento contribuir explicando la existencia de un sistema propio de la enunciación que hace a la intencionalidad y construcción del relato. Como punto de partida, es de mucha necesidad reconocer a la fotografía como lenguaje. Desde el lenguaje fotográfico, analizar el efecto de la enunciación. Para explicar comparto mis experiencias en el uso de las distancias focales, y exponer la similitud en el uso de herramientas y funciones en los lenguajes escrito y hablado, para ello comprobar en teoría y práctica que los pronombres personales: Yo, tú y él son necesarios para la construcción de la imagen fotográfica. De tal forma señalar que la fotografía exige un acercamiento a la decisión previa de la concreción del producto visual, todos los ejemplos estéticos tienen una voz narradora, alguna intención de mostrar, y por consiguiente una semejanza interpretativa. El uso de los objetivos tiene el don de modificar el campo visual, dando una voz al relato. El yo, tú y él existen y existirán, es su modo evolucionista el que transforma en una acción perfectible la comunicación.
Pujas federales: impacto fiscal de medidas del gobierno nacional en las finanzas provinciales
Authors:   , Gutiérrez María Felicitas
Published: June 2022

La coparticipación federal de impuestos surge del hecho que determinados impuestos se recaudan en cabeza del gobierno central y el producido se reparte entre la Nación y los gobiernos provinciales. En nuestro país, el régimen nace en el año 1934 y a lo largo del tiempo ha sufrido innumerables modificaciones. El objetivo de este trabajo se centra en estudiar el impacto y reacción que genera en las finanzas del sector provincial el hecho que, a través de políticas del gobierno central, se destinen fondos de impuestos coparticipables para el financiamiento de la seguridad social. Se realizaron modelos de datos de panel de las 24 jurisdicciones argentinas para el periodo 2003-2019 con el propósito de identificar el efecto que tienen las políticas mencionadas sobre la presión tributaria provincial, el gasto público provincial y el stock de deuda provincial. De los modelos estimados por efectos fijos, se encuentra evidencia para sostener que las políticas generan que los gobiernos subnacionales deban recurrir al incremento de los recursos tributarios para contrarrestar la pérdida de ingresos que ocasionan las decisiones del gobierno nacional.
La hemocromatosis
Authors:   , Calvo Osvaldo
Published: June 2022

Sinonimia: Cirrosis bronceada. Cirrosis de la hemocromatosis. Cirrosis pigmentaria del hígado. Diabetes bronceada. Hemosiderosis. Hemosiderosis visceral. Hemólisis siderósica. Hemofucsinosis. Melanosis frecuentemente asociada al síndrome gonadal; al síndrome suprarrenal y a otras insuficiencias glandulares. Sidero-cromatosis, etc. Definición: la hemocrornatosis es una entidad anatomo-clínica determinada fundamentalmente por un dismetabolismo férrico probablemente congénito, que se caracteriza por el depósito y fijación de hemosiderina y hemofuesina a nivel de la piel y visceras y cuyo común denominador clínico es una cirrosis hepática que se acompaña accesoriamente de diabetes y melanodermia y otros síntomas variables.
مفهوم العمران في الفكر الإنساني
Authors: العظم عليا , الدقور سليمان
Published: June 2022

يهدف هذا البحث إلى بيان دلالات مفهوم العمران في الفكر الإسلامي وما يُقابِله في الفكر الغربي، وذلك بمتابعة الموضوع في مرحلتي التراث والعصر الحديث من الفكر الإسلامي، ومتابعة تفاعل الفكر الغربي مع مفهوم العمران عموماً، والعمران الخلدوني خصوصاً، وتقصّي نماذج مقاربة في الطرح الغربي. وبُغْيَةَ تحقيق هذا الهدف؛ سلك البحث المنهج الاستقرائي في تتبُّع مظانِّ ورود المفهوم أو ما يقاربه، والمنهج التحليلي في الاستنتاج والربط بين المعطيات الـمُتنوِّعة.
وكشف البحث أنَّ دلالات المفهوم في مرحلة التراث من الفكر الإسلامي تضمنت إشارات مادية ومعنوية مُحدَّدة حتى وصلت إلى معنى شامل يدل على مظاهر الاجتماع البشري، في حين تنوَّعت دلالات المفهوم في العصر الحديث، ولكنَّها التفَّت حول معنى الإصلاح الفردي والجمعي للوصول إلى النهضة المنشودة. وكشف البحث أيضاً أنَّ الفكر الغربي تفاعل مع المفهوم الذي يدل على الاجتماع البشري، وتوصَّل إلى نظريات اجتماعية ترتبط بالحضارة والمجتمعات.
أثر مقاصد الشريعة في بيان نصوصها
Authors: السعدي أحمد محمد سعيد
Published: June 2022

يتحدَّث البحث عن وظيفة مقاصد الشريعة في عمليات البيان الأصولية من تفسير، وتأويل، وترجيح، وتخصيص، وتقييد. فللمقاصد، وهي تُبيِّن النصوص الشرعية، وظيفتان: ضبط تفسير النَّصِّ؛ باستبعاد المعاني التي تُخالِف المقاصد من جهةٍ، وتثوير النَّصِّ؛ بإقرار معنى غير راجح لغةً لإرشاد المقاصد له، من جهة أُخرى.
وللمقاصد عامَّة كانت أو خاصَّة أثرٌ في بيان دلالات الألفاظ. فالنظر في المقصد الجزئي، ثم ربطه بالمقصد الخاصِّ وصولاً إلى المقصد العامِّ يعطي رؤيةً تجعل الفقيه لا يُخطِئ المعنى إلّا بقَدْر غياب تحديد المقاصد الـمُتعلِّقة بالنَّصِّ عن ذهنه حالَ اجتهاده. وقد أظهر البحث أنَّ بيان نصوص الشريعة يرتكز إلى أساسين مُتعاضِدين؛ أوَّلهما: مقتضى قواعد الدلالة، وثانيهما: مقاصد الشريعة.
وخلُصَ البحثُ إلى أنَّ كثيراً من المسائل المعاصرة المختلف فيها، وكذلك القديمة منها، يُمكِن للاجتهاد المقاصدي أنْ يُقدِّم فيها أحكاماً وترجيحاتٍ قائمةً على أساس علمي مُنضبِط، وأنْ يُقدِّم أيضاً حلولاً شرعيةً للتطوُّرات العلمية التي تتسارع اليوم بوتيرة أعلى من أيِّ عصر مضى.
Students’ attitude towards online education system: A comparative study between Public and Private Universities in Bangladesh
Authors:   Departement of Marketing, Comilla University, Cumilla, Bangladesh, Nasir Khadiza Benta , Neger Meher ,   Departement of Marketing, Comilla University, Cumilla, Bangladesh
Published: June 2022

Abstract: Purpose: This study aimed to inquire about the students’ attitude towards the online education system as well as a comparison has been made between public and private university students’ attitudes. Research methodology: The descriptive research methodology was used for this study. Data was collected from 240 students where 120 were public university students and 120 were private university students. A structured and close-ended questionnaire with a seven-point scale had been used to collect data. The sampling method was non-probability. Descriptive statistics analysis, reliability analysis, and multiple regression analysis were measured by SPSS 25.0 version. Results: The result shows that the public university students’ attitude has a positive relation to interaction, internet self-efficacy, and students’ self-determination, but has no relationship with course design and technical support. The private university students’ attitude is influenced by all factors except technical support. Limitations: This study focused only on Bangladeshi students. Contribution: This paper will assist the authority to understand the students’ attitude towards the online education system and take initiatives to make it more acceptable to the students. Keywords: 1. Attitude 2. Education system 3. Internet 4. Online class 5. Students
Replacement Srategy for Depriciating Stock Considering Stockouts and Time Dependent Demand
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Jagannath International Management School, New Delhi, India., Goyal* Dr. Shradha , Pandey Dr. Rudresh ,   Professor, Department of Management Studies, ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad, U.P., India.
Published: June 2022

Researchers, till now, have faced only 2 variants in demand - time variations i.e. linear and exponential variations. A linear variation shows constant change in rate of demand per unit of time for a product, which is a virtual assumption and will rarely be found in any real industry. To exemplify, the demand for the latest technology spare parts, chips, computers etc increases rapidly contrary to obsolete technology and routine gadgets. Some researchers have also termed these variations in exponential category as increasing or decreasing function with respect to per unit of time. From a researcher view an exponential rate of variation is very high to get actually satisfied be demand in actual market. Hence, a realistic approach matching with the researched theories and the actual market conditions is neither linear nor exponential but a quadratic variation in demand and time showing growth in both up and down directions of demand. The problem is solved and formulated in a model form and elaborated using sensitivity analysis.
Usi e valori di comunque: dalla frase al testo
Authors: Torchia Maria Cristina
Published: June 2022

La signora Luisella Calabi chiede chiarimenti sulla regola grammaticale, appresa a scuola, secondo cui "comunque NON può essere usato solo ma RICHIEDE OBBLIGATORIAMENTE di essere seguito da un verbo al congiuntivo (comunque sia, comunque vada, comunque stia.....)" e aggiunge "Oggi sembra che nessuno conosca questa regola!".
Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional, Partisipasi, Komunikasi dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Komitmen untuk Perubahan (Studi Pada Dosen dan Pegawai Akademi Maritim Sapta Samudra Padang)
Authors: Marjohan Marjohan
Published: June 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi komitmen untuk perubahan pada dosen dan pegawai di Akademi Maritim Sapta Samudra Padang. Komitmen untuk perubahan adalah faktor kunci keberhasilan di dalam organisasi dari perubahan organisasi. Oleh karena itu upaya untuk menemukan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya menjadi hal yang penting. Penelitian ini menggunakan 35 responden. Analisis regresi linier berganda dengan menggunakan SPSS versi 17. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada tiga variabel yang signifikan dan positif  berpengaruh terhadap komitmen untuk perubahan. Sedangkan variabel motivasi kerja tidak terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dengan komitmen untuk berubah. Secara praktis, hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan oleh pimpinan Akademi Maritim Sapta Samudra Padang untuk menjalankan komitmen untuk berubah dengan meningkatkan kepemimpinan transformasional, partisipasi, dan komunikasi. Sementara secara teoritis penelitian ini memberi kontribusi prilaku terencana.
Seleksi Kegenjahan dan Hasil Tinggi pada Ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) Berdasarkan Nilai Kemajuan Genetik
Authors: Novita Silvia Rizky , Purnamaningsih Sri Lestari , Khairiyah Lulu Lazimatul , Waluyo Budi
Published: June 2022

Parameter genetik merupakan komponen penting dalam pengembangan tanaman ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) pada program pemuliaan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman, heritabilitas dan kemajuan genetik serta seleksi tanaman ciplukan berdasarkan karakter kegenjahan dan hasil panen. Penelitian dilaksanakan di greenhouse lahan percobaan, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya yang berada di Desa Jatimulyo, Malang dari bulan Juli hingga September 2021. Metode penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan perlakuan 30 aksesi ciplukan dengan pengulangan 3 kali. Seleksi ciplukan dilakukan dengan metode statistik menggunakan uji-z dan intensitas seleksi 20% (i=1,40). Analisis ragam menunjukkan adanya perbedaan nyata untuk sebagian besar karakter agronomi ciplukan. Karakter agronomi dengan nilai KVG dan KVF tinggi yaitu jumlah bunga per tanaman, jumlah buah per tanaman, bobot buah dengan kelobot per tanaman dan bobot buah segar per tanaman. Karakter jumlah bunga per tanaman dan waktu panen pertama memiliki nilai heritabilitas tinggi sedangkan karakter dengan nilai kemajuan genetik tinggi yaitu jumlah bunga per tanaman dan bobot buah tanpa kelobot per tanaman. Seleksi fenotipik berdasarkan karakter waktu panen dan hasil diperoleh lima aksesi terpilih yaitu, aksesi A0103, B0201, B0302, B2003 dan E0201.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Fosfat dan Nitrat terhadap Kelimpahan Fitoplankton di Perairan Mangrove Gunung Anyar, Surabaya
Authors: Wijaya Nirmalasari Idha , Sari Aprilyas Kusuma Amalia , Mahmiah Mahmiah
Published: June 2022

Sungai Gunung Anyar Surabaya digunakan untuk pembuangan limbah rumah tangga karena terdapat pemukiman padat penduduk di sepanjang alirannya. Selain itu, terdapat tambak-tambak yang membuang sisa pakan dan sisa metabolisme ke Sungai Gunung Anyar. Limbah yang mengandung unsur hara seperti nitrat dan fosfat akan dimanfaatkan oleh fitoplankton untuk pertumbuhannya. Masuknya bahan organik nitrat dan fosfat, ke muara dapat mempengaruhi kualitas air yang berpengaruh pada keberadaan fitoplankton. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan konsentrasi nitrat dan fosfat terhadap kelimpahan fitoplankton di Perairan Mangrove Gunung Anyar, Surabaya. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada pertengahan bulan Oktober sampai Desember 2021. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada sembilan stasiun dengan metode pengambilan fitoplankton secara horizontal. Analisis fitoplankton menggunakan Sedgwick Rafter Counter Cell (SRCC). Sampel air digunakan untuk menganalisis nitrat dan fosfat yang selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan Spektrofotometri Uv-Vis. Analisa data meliputi densitas absolut fitoplankton, indeks keanekaragaman fitoplankton, serta uji regresi untuk mengetahui hubungan nitrat dan fosfat dengan fitoplankton. Konsentrasi nitrat tergolong oligotrofik sedangkan konsentrasi fosfat tergolong mesotrofik. Kelimpahan fitoplankton termasuk dalam kategori oligotrofik. Indeks keanekaragaman (H’) termasuk dalam kategori sedang. Hubungan antara nitrat terhadap kelimpahan fitoplankton menunjukkan (r) memiliki korelasi lemah, sedangkan hubungan antara fosfat terhadap kelimpahan fitoplankton menunjukkan (r) memiliki korelasi cukup.
Bayesian Analysis of Power Outages in Reliability and Resilience Domains
Authors: Pizzimbone Luca
Published: June 2022

This paper brings new insight to the resilience analysis, by comparing the outage probability risk of extreme windstorms in Europe (relatively rare events) and ”average” common failures of the power system, typically part of the reliability domain. The outcome of this work demonstrates that high-impact, low-frequency (HILF) events can actually result in higher outage probabilities than ”average” common faults, even when the frequency of their occurrence is significantly low. The presented methodology, relevant to a single node of the grid, can be easily scaled to larger and complex grids.
Gradient-weighted physics-informed neural networks for one-dimensional Euler equation
Authors: Xiong Fansheng , Liu Li , Liu Shengping , Wang Han , Yong Heng
Published: June 2022

 Physics informed neural networks (PINNs) have been a well-known tool in solving forward and inverse partial differential equations (PDEs) problem. In particular, for the forward problem, only the initial/boundary conditions and the equation itself as the physical information are needed to obtain the predicted solution within the definition domain. However, some existing works show that the standard PINN method is insufficient for solving complex problems. For the relatively complex one-dimensional Euler equation problem, due to the limited accuracy of the standard PINN method, the algorithm is improved in two aspects in this study. First, a gradient-related weight function is introduced into the loss function and the framework of gradient-weighted physics-informed neural networks (gwPINNs) is proposed. In particular, the weight function is carefully designed. Second, the sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) learning is applied in the training process to improve the precision. Then, four cases of Riemann problems are solved using the improved algorithm. The results show that the improved algorithm can obtain high accuracy in solving these problems, and verify the feasibility of solving one-dimensional Euler equation based on the improved PINN method.
SpindlesTracker: An Automatic Workflow for Spindles Analysis in Time-lapse Images
Authors: Li Zhongzhong , Jian Yanze , Hu Jiatong , Zhang Chuanming , Meng Xuechun , Wu Feng , Liu Ji
Published: June 2022

Objective: Quantitative analysis of spindle dynamics in mitosis through fluorescence microscopy requires tracking spindles elongation in noisy image sequences. Deterministic methods, which use typical microtubule detection and tracking methods, perform poorly in the case of the sophisticated background of spindles. Methods: In this paper, we present SpindlesTracker, a fully automatic and extensible workflow that can efficiently analyze time-lapse images’ dynamic spindle mechanism. First, we design a novel deep neural network: YOLOX-SP (YOLOX for spindle). It consists of double branches responsible for spindle bounding boxes and endpoints detection. Then an improved SORT algorithm is used to link the same identity in different frames. Subsequently, we pair endpoints that fall into the same spindle bounding box as the spindle poles. Finally, we introduce the minimal cost path (MCP) algorithm to extract the continuous, single-pixel spindle skeleton. Result: SpindlesTracker is evaluated in all aspects of detection, tracking, and skeleton extraction through a fission yeast dataset. It achieves 84.1% mAP in bounding box detection and over 90% accuracy in endpoint detection. And for tracking, the comparison results show that the improved SORT algorithm increases by 1.3% in multiple object tracking accuracy (MOTA) and by 6.5% in multiple object tracking precision (MOTP). In addition, the statistical result shows that the mean error of spindle length is within 1 ?m. Conclude: SpindlesTracker provides a new baseline for multiple spindles analysis. Significance: This workflow could be easily extended to other microtubule or filamentous structures. The code is released on GitHub.
On Asymptotic Convergence Rate of Evolutionary Algorithms. Discrete and Continuous Optimization
Authors: Tarłowski Dawid
Published: June 2022

Asymptotic Convergence Rate (AsCR) measures how fast an iterative optimization method converges to the global solution as the number of iterations increases to infinity. If less than one, it determines fast exponential convergence mode. We provide general theory for the AsCR in case of both discrete and continuous state space models. We start from showing that the AsCR may be defined by the geometric mean of the subsequent one step ratios of the expected fitness error and thus this paper extends the previous studies on Average Convergence Rate, a recently introduced measure. We show that in discrete optimization those convergence measures do not depend on the values of the fitness function but only on the algorithm itself and that the convergence rate in the solutions’ space is the same as the convergence rate in the fitness space ( any particular conditions on the optimization algorithm like the Markov property are not necessary). Next we focus on continuous optimization and we analyse how the change of fitness function may influence the value of AsCR. Surprisingly, even in continuous case there are some limitations on how much the change of the fitness function may influence the convergence rate of the process and we provide lower and upper bounds based on the asymptotic relation between the optimization process and the fitness functions. We also discuss examples and applications, including some specific instances of Evolutionary Algorithms and Simulated Annealing. In particular, we show that some algorithms cannot converge exponentially fast for any nontrivial fitness function.
Characterization of the influence of the dominant tract on hand closing post stroke based on the Fugl-Meyer score
Authors: Baghi Raziyeh , Kim Dongwon , Koh Kyung , Zhang Li-Qun
Published: June 2022

While stroke survivors with moderate or mild impairment are typically able to open their hand at will, those with severe impairment are not. Abnormal synergies govern the arm and hand in stoke survivors with severe impairment, so hand opening, which is required to overcome the working synergy, is a task extremely difficult for them to achieve. It is universally accepted that alternative tracts including the cortico-reticulospinal tract (CRST), employed in the case that the corticospinal tract (CST) is damaged by stroke, brings about such abnormal synergies. Here we note that hand closing is enabled by alternative tracts as well as the CST, and raise a research question: does motor characteristics while closing the hand depend on the integrity of the CST? In this study, we evaluate the ability of 17 stroke survivors to flex and relax the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints and investigate whether motor characteristics can be distinguished based on CST integrity which is estimated using upper-extremity Fugl-Meyer (UEFM). UEFM scores have been perceived as an indirect indicator of CST integrity. We found that participants with the UEFM score above a certain value, who are assumed to use the CST, moves the MCP joints more smoothly (p<0.05) and activates the flexor to flex the joints faster (p<0.05), in comparison to participants with low UEFM scores, who are assumed to use alternative tracts. The results present evidence that use of alternative tracts (i.e. the CRST) results in a degradation in movement smoothness and slow activation of the MCP flexor.
DLTD: Dynamic linear threshold model with decay for influence spread
Authors: Wu Xunlian , Sun Peng Gang
Published: June 2022

Influence propagates more widely over social networks, and strongly affects people’s thoughts, opinions, even behaviors in human livings. Influence spread is a more complicated problem that makes the modeling of this process even more challenging. The linear threshold (LT) model provides a simple way to describe the problem. However, this model neglects the decay of individuals’ influence as time lapses. This paper develops a dynamic linear threshold model with decay (DLTD) in which influence decays based on three strategies: (1) random decay, (2) linear decay, and (3) nonlinear decay. The results on real-world datasets show that compared with the LT model, the DLTD tends to be more accurate especially the decay with a linear function, and more concentrated to converge to the ground-truth as the size of seed set increases. We also observe that our model is more stable to the networks’ structures. Furthermore, an interesting fifinding indicates that the balance between community structures’ internal links and external links is more effective for influence spread.