bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Deformation Evolution of a Large Toppling Based on Comprehensive Remote Sensing Interpretation and Real-Time Monitoring
Authors: Cui Shenghua , Wang Hui , Pei Xiangjun , Luo Luguang , Zeng Bin , Jiang Tao
Published: December 2023

Deep, unstable slopes are highly developed in mountainous areas, especially in the Minjiang River Basin, Sichuan Province, China. In this study, to reveal their deformation evolution characteristics for stability evaluation and disaster prevention, multi-period optical remote sensing images (2010–2019), SBAS-InSAR data (January 2018–December 2019), and on-site real-time monitoring (December 2017–September 2020) were utilized to monitor the deformation of a large deep-seated toppling, named the Tizicao (TZC) Toppling. The obtained results by different techniques were cross-validated and synthesized in order to introduce the spatial and temporal characteristics of the toppling. It was found that the displacements on the north side of the toppling are much larger than those on the south side, and the leading edge exhibits a composite damage pattern of “collapse failure” and “bulging cracking”. The development process of the toppling from the formation of a tensile crack at the northern leading edge to the gradual pulling of the rear edge was revealed for a time span of up to ten years. In addition, the correlation between rainfall, earthquakes, and GNSS time series showed that the deformation of the toppling is sensitive to rainfall but does not change under the effect of earthquakes. The surface-displacement-monitoring method in this study can provide a reference for the evolution analysis of unstable slopes with a large span of deformation.
Difference between WMO Climate Normal and Climatology: Insights from a Satellite-Based Global Cloud and Radiation Climate Data Record
Authors: Devasthale Abhay , Karlsson Karl-Göran , Andersson Sandra , Engström Erik
Published: December 2023

The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) recommends that the most recent 30-year period, i.e., 1991–2020, be used to compute the climate normals of geophysical variables. A unique aspect of this recent 30-year period is that the satellite-based observations of many different essential climate variables are available during this period, thus opening up new possibilities to provide a robust, global basis for the 30-year reference period in order to allow climate-monitoring and climate change studies. Here, using the satellite-based climate data record of cloud and radiation properties, CLARA-A3, for the month of January between 1981 and 2020, we illustrate the difference between the climate normal, as defined by guidelines from WMO on calculations of 30 yr climate normals, and climatology. It is shown that this difference is strongly dependent on the climate variable in question. We discuss the impacts of the nature and availability of satellite observations, variable definition, retrieval algorithm and programmatic configuration. It is shown that the satellite-based climate data records show enormous promise in providing a climate normal for the recent 30-year period (1991–2020) globally. We finally argue that the holistic perspectives from the global satellite community should be increasingly considered while formulating the future WMO guidelines on computing climate normals.
The Impact of Side-Scan Sonar Resolution and Acoustic Shadow Phenomenon on the Quality of Sonar Imagery and Data Interpretation Capabilities
Authors: Grządziel Artur
Published: December 2023

Side-scan sonar is designed and used for a variety of survey work, in both military and civilian fields. These systems provide acoustic imageries that play a significant role in a variety of marine and inland applications. For this reason, it is extremely important that the recorded sonar image is characterized by high resolution, detail and sharpness. This article is mainly aimed at the demonstration of the impact of side-scan sonar resolution on the imaging quality. The article also presents the importance of acoustic shadow in the process of analyzing sonar data and identifying underwater objects. The real measurements were carried out using two independent survey systems: hull-mounted sonar and towed side-scan sonar. Six different shipwrecks lying in the Baltic Sea were selected as the objects of research. The results presented in the article also constitute evidence of how the sonar technology has changed over time. The survey findings show that by maintaining the appropriate operational conditions and meeting several requirements, it is possible to obtain photographic-quality sonar images, which may be crucial in the process of data interpretation and shipwreck identification.
Sensitivity of Piezoelectric Stack Actuators
Authors: Jiang Xishan , Zheng Jing , Wang Ning , Pan Jie
Published: December 2023

This paper investigates the properties of a mass−attached piezoelectric stack actuator and analyzes its sensitivity, which is defined as the spectrum of the driving force (the output) caused by a single−frequency voltage (the input). The force spectrum is utilized because of the nonlinear hysteresis effect of the piezoelectric stack. The sensitivity analysis shows that the nonlinear dynamics of the actuator can be interpreted as a cascade of two subsystems: a nonlinear hysteresis subsystem and a linear mechanical subsystem. Analytical solutions of the nonlinear differential equations are proposed, which show that the nonlinear transformation can be described by a steady−state mapping of a single−frequency voltage input to a multiple−frequency driving force at the driving frequency and its odd harmonics. The steady−state sensitivity is then determined by the response of the mechanical subsystem to the line spectrum of the driving force. The maximum sensitivity can be achieved by setting the frequency of the input voltage close to the natural frequency of the mechanical subsystem. The analytical model is also validated by a numerical model and experimental results and it may be used for the analysis and design of piezoelectric actuators with different structural configurations.
Blackberry Fruit Classification in Underexposed Images Combining Deep Learning and Image Fusion Methods
Authors: Morales-Vargas Eduardo , Fuentes-Aguilar Rita Q. , de-la-Cruz-Espinosa Emanuel , Hernández-Melgarejo Gustavo
Published: December 2023

Berry production is increasing worldwide each year; however, high production leads to labor shortages and an increase in wasted fruit during harvest seasons. This problem opened new research opportunities in computer vision as one main challenge to address is the uncontrolled light conditions in greenhouses and open fields. The high light variations between zones can lead to underexposure of the regions of interest, making it difficult to classify between vegetation, ripe, and unripe blackberries due to their black color. Therefore, the aim of this work is to automate the process of classifying the ripeness stages of blackberries in normal and low-light conditions by exploring the use of image fusion methods to improve the quality of the input image before the inference process. The proposed algorithm adds information from three sources: visible, an improved version of the visible, and a sensor that captures images in the near-infrared spectra, obtaining a mean F1 score of 0.909±0.074 and 0.962±0.028 in underexposed images, without and with model fine-tuning, respectively, which in some cases is an increase of up to 12% in the classification rates. Furthermore, the analysis of the fusion metrics showed that the method could be used in outdoor images to enhance their quality; the weighted fusion helps to improve only underexposed vegetation, improving the contrast of objects in the image without significant changes in saturation and colorfulness.
Surface Conditioning Effects on Submerged Optical Sensors: A Comparative Study of Fused Silica, Titanium Dioxide, Aluminum Oxide, and Parylene C
Authors: Nan Zibin , Floquet Pascal , Combes Didier , Tendero Claire , Castelain Mickaël
Published: December 2023

Optical sensors excel in performance but face efficacy challenges when submerged due to potential surface colonization, leading to signal deviation. This necessitates robust solutions for sustained accuracy. Protein and microorganism adsorption on solid surfaces is crucial in antibiofilm studies, contributing to conditioning film and biofilm formation. Most studies focus on surface characteristics (hydrophilicity, roughness, charge, and composition) individually for their adhesion impact. In this work, we tested four materials: silica, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, and parylene C. Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) served as the biofouling conditioning model, assessed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Its effect on microorganism adhesion (modeled with functionalized microbeads) was quantified using a shear stress flow chamber. Surface features and adhesion properties were correlated via Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Protein adsorption is influenced by nanoscale roughness, hydrophilicity, and likely correlated with superficial electron distribution and bond nature. Conditioning films alter the surface interaction with microbeads, affecting hydrophilicity and local charge distribution. Silica shows a significant increase in microbead adhesion, while parylene C exhibits a moderate increase, and titanium dioxide shows reduced adhesion. Alumina demonstrates notable stability, with the conditioning film minimally impacting adhesion, which remains low.
A New Method to Evaluate Pressure Distribution Using a 3D-Printed C2-C3 Cervical Spine Model with an Embedded Sensor Array
Authors: Lin Maohua , Paul Rudy , Liao Xinqin , Doulgeris James , Menzer Emma Lilly , Dhar Utpal Kanti , Tsai Chi-Tay , Vrionis Frank D.
Published: December 2023

Cervical degenerative disc diseases such as myelopathy and radiculopathy often require conventional treatments like artificial cervical disc replacement or anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). When designing a medical device, like the stand-alone cage, there are many design inputs to consider. However, the precise biomechanics of the force between the vertebrae and implanted devices under certain conditions require further investigation. In this study, a new method was developed to evaluate the pressure between the vertebrae and implanted devices by embedding a sensor array into a 3D-printed C2-C3 cervical spine. The 3D-printed cervical spine model was subjected to a range of axial loads while under flexion, extension, bending and compression conditions. Cables were used for the application of a preload and a robotic arm was used to recreate the natural spine motions (flexion, extension, and bending). To verify and predict the total pressure between the vertebrae and the implanted devices, a 3D finite element (FE) numerical mathematical model was developed. A preload was represented by applying 22 N of force on each of the anterior tubercles for the C2 vertebra. The results of this study suggest that the sensor is useful in identifying static pressure. The pressure with the robot arm was verified from the FE results under all conditions. This study indicates that the sensor array has promising potential to reduce the trial and error with implants for various surgical procedures, including multi-level artificial cervical disk replacement and ACDF, which may help clinicians to reduce pain, suffering, and costly follow-up procedures.
Advancements in Improving Selectivity of Metal Oxide Semiconductor Gas Sensors Opening New Perspectives for Their Application in Food Industry
Authors: Wawrzyniak Jolanta
Published: December 2023

Volatile compounds not only contribute to the distinct flavors and aromas found in foods and beverages, but can also serve as indicators for spoilage, contamination, or the presence of potentially harmful substances. As the odor of food raw materials and products carries valuable information about their state, gas sensors play a pivotal role in ensuring food safety and quality at various stages of its production and distribution. Among gas detection devices that are widely used in the food industry, metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors are of the greatest importance. Ongoing research and development efforts have led to significant improvements in their performance, rendering them immensely useful tools for monitoring and ensuring food product quality; however, aspects related to their limited selectivity still remain a challenge. This review explores various strategies and technologies that have been employed to enhance the selectivity of MOS gas sensors, encompassing the innovative sensor designs, integration of advanced materials, and improvement of measurement methodology and pattern recognize algorithms. The discussed advances in MOS gas sensors, such as reducing cross-sensitivity to interfering gases, improving detection limits, and providing more accurate assessment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) could lead to further expansion of their applications in a variety of areas, including food processing and storage, ultimately benefiting both industry and consumers.
Joint Power Control and Resource Allocation for Optimizing the D2D User Performance of Full-Duplex D2D Underlying Cellular Networks
Authors: Zhou Yuetian , Cai Bowen , Ding Xue
Published: December 2023

D2D communication is a promising technology for enhancing spectral efficiency (SE) in cellular networks, and full-duplex (FD) has the potential to double SE. Due to D2D’s short-distance communication and low transmittance power, it is natural to integrate FD into D2D, creating FD-D2D to underlay a cellular network to further improve SE. However, the residual self-interference (RSI) resulting from FD-D2D and interference arising from spectrum sharing between D2D users (DUs) and cellular users (CUs) can restrict D2D link performance. Therefore, we propose an FD-D2D underlying cellular system in which DUs jointly share uplink and downlink spectral resources with CUs. Moreover, we present two algorithms to enhance the performance experience of DUs while improving the system’s SE. For the first algorithm, we tackle an optimization problem aimed at maximizing the sum rate of FD-DUs in the system while adhering to transmittance power constraints. This problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem (MINLP), known for its mathematical complexity and NP-hard nature. In order to address this MINLP, our first algorithm decomposes it into two subproblems: power control and spectral resource allocation. The power control aspect is treated as a nonlinear problem, which we solve through one-dimensional searching. Meanwhile, spectral resource allocation is achieved using the Kuhn–Munkres algorithm, determining the pairing of CUs and DUs sharing the same spectrum. As for the second algorithm, our objective is to enhance the individual performance of FD-DUs by maximizing the minimum rate among them, ensuring more uniform rate performance across all FD-DUs. In order to solve this optimization problem, we propose a novel spectral resource allocation algorithm based on bisection searching and the Kuhn–Munkres algorithm, whereas the power control aspect remains the same as in the first algorithm. The numerical results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm effectively enhances the performance of DUs in an FD-D2D underlying cellular network when compared to the sum rate maximization design.
Decentralized Coordination of a Multi-UAV System for Spatial Planar Shape Formations
Authors: Petitprez Etienne , Guérin François , Guinand Frédéric , Germain Florian , Kerthe Nicolas
Published: December 2023

Motivated by feedback from firefighters in Normandy, this work aims to provide a simple technique for a set of identical drones to collectively describe an arbitrary planar virtual shape in a 3D space in a decentralized manner. The original problem involved surrounding a toxic cloud to monitor its composition and short-term evolution. In the present work, the pattern is described using Fourier descriptors, a convenient mathematical formulation for that purpose. Starting from a reference point, which can be the center of a fire, Fourier descriptors allow for more precise description of a shape as the number of harmonics increases. This pattern needs to be evenly occupied by the fleet of drones under consideration. To optimize the overall view, the drones must be evenly distributed angularly along the shape. The proposed method enables virtual planar shape description, decentralized bearing angle assignment, drone movement from takeoff positions to locations along the shape, and collision avoidance. Furthermore, the method allows for the number of drones to change during the mission. The method has been tested both in simulation, through emulation, and in outdoor experiments with real drones. The obtained results demonstrate that the method is applicable in real-world contexts.
A Passive RF Testbed for Human Posture Classification in FM Radio Bands
Authors: Pereira João , Casmin Eugene , Oliveira Rodolfo
Published: December 2023

This paper explores the opportunities and challenges for classifying human posture in indoor scenarios by analyzing the Frequency-Modulated (FM) radio broadcasting signal received at multiple locations. More specifically, we present a passive RF testbed operating in FM radio bands, which allows experimentation with innovative human posture classification techniques. After introducing the details of the proposed testbed, we describe a simple methodology to detect and classify human posture. The methodology includes a detailed study of feature engineering and the assumption of three traditional classification techniques. The implementation of the proposed methodology in software-defined radio devices allows an evaluation of the testbed’s capability to classify human posture in real time. The evaluation results presented in this paper confirm that the accuracy of the classification can be approximately 90%, showing the effectiveness of the proposed testbed and its potential to support the development of future innovative classification techniques by only sensing FM bands in a passive mode.
Plant Diversity in Archaeological Sites and Its Bioindication Values for Nature Conservation: Assessments in the UNESCO Site Etruscan Necropolis of Tarquinia (Italy)
Authors: Zangari Giulio , Bartoli Flavia , Lucchese Fernando , Caneva Giulia
Published: December 2023

In archaeological sites, plants can be a risk for monument conservation. However, in these sites, a refugium for plant biodiversity is often detected, such as in the UNESCO site Etruscan necropolis of “Monterozzi” in Tarquinia, which still holds a Special Protection Area for bats. In this site, we previously evaluated the positive and negative effects of vascular plants on the conservation of the hypogeal tombs. To contribute in assessing the role of archaeological sites in supporting plant diversity and interpreting its bioindication values for nature conservation, we analyse in this relevant place the floristic interest and richness and the plant communities growing on tumuli, trampled, and less disturbed areas. The results revealed the presence of several plants with high naturalistic interest, such as the community’s representative of synanthropic and natural Mediterranean grasslands, which arise both from the present and the past uses of the area. The high naturalistic values of the site are also assessed, considering its remarkable richness of species/area compared with the well-known archaeological sites of Rome. These findings further indicate that plant diversity needs to be considered in planning management activities in archaeological sites to also protect their natural values.
Navigating Uncharted Waters: Exploring Leaders’ Challenges in the Era of COVID-19 and the Rise of Telework
Authors: Edvardsson Ingi Runar , Gardarsdottir Johanna
Published: December 2023

This paper presents a systematic literature review of the challenges faced by managers during COVID-19, with a focus on teleworking. The study consists of an analysis of 53 articles published in the period 2020–2023 in journals indexed in the Elsevier’s Scopus and Clarivate Analytics’ Web of Science databases. The inclusion criteria were: (1) peer-reviewed articles; (2) empirical articles; (3) written in English. Five themes were identified: Leadership Styles, Organizational Support and Communication, Telework Productivity, Challenges Related to Telework, and Leaders’ Attitudes Towards Telework. The positive results show that telework can improve work performance with the right equipment, training, and leadership. Telework can also improve sustainability by limiting commuting and providing decent work with greater autonomy and flexibility. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research on this topic.
Psychometric Analysis of the WoEm-M Scale to Evaluate Women Empowerment in the Ecuadorian University Environment
Authors: Sacoto-Loor Jhesenia , Amor María Isabel , Osuna Mercedes
Published: December 2023

Women’s empowerment embodies being acknowledged as rights-bearing individuals. Despite progress in women’s rights, disparities persist across various domains. This study seeks to validate a psychometric scale of 31 items across seven factors: participatory empowerment, temerity, external influences, independence, social satisfaction, confidence, and equality. The aim is to assess women’s empowerment within the university setting. The research was conducted in a cross-sectional, non-experimental manner, with the voluntary participation of 1478 university students from four higher education institutions in Zone 4 of Ecuador. Data was analyzed using inferential statistics, encompassing exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The results indicated that the empowerment measurement tool could consist of 24 items grouped into six factors, and this model exhibited a good fit. The validation process enabled us to pinpoint the principal factor explaining women’s empowerment in higher education.
The Effect of Social Recognition on Support for Climate Change Mitigation Measures
Authors: Jütersonke Stephanie , Groß Martin
Published: December 2023

Social recognition is introduced as an explanatory factor for support for climate change mitigation measures to complement already existing research. Drawing on social identity theory, it is established that respect emanating from being part of a generation and social class increases support for climate policies through positive influence on self-assessed financial situation, trust in political institutions, generalized trust, and solidarity. Considering the costs and benefits of climate policies, it is assumed that the importance of respect varies between generations and social classes. Analyses are based on data which were collected via online survey (n = 3046) in September and October 2022 that are representative of the German resident population. Results from linear regressions and structural equation modeling corroborate that the influence of social recognition varies between generations and that it operates through the suggested mechanisms. The most important of these mechanisms is the strengthening of solidarity and trust in political institutions by social recognition.
A Dynamic STEM-Driven Approach through Mobile Robotics to Enhance Critical Thinking and Interdisciplinary Skills for Empowering Industry 4.0 Competencies
Authors: Antunes Rodrigo , Aguiar Martim Lima , Gaspar Pedro Dinis
Published: December 2023

This study presents an innovative pedagogical approach aimed at enhancing the teaching of robotics within the broader context of STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) education across diverse academic levels. The integration of mobile robotics kits into a dynamic STEM-focused curriculum offers students an immersive and hands-on learning experience, fostering programming skills, advanced problem-solving, critical thinking, and spatial awareness. The motivation behind this research lies in improving the effectiveness of robotics education by addressing existing gaps in current strategies. It aims to better prepare students for this rapidly evolving field’s dynamic challenges and opportunities. To achieve this, detailed protocols were formulated that not only facilitate student learning but also cater to teacher training and involvement. These protocols encompass code documentation and examples, providing tangible representations of the practical outcomes of the course. In addition to the presented curriculum, this paper introduces the developed methodology that strategically leverages 3D-printing technology. The primary focus of this approach is to create captivating add-ons and establish a versatile workspace, actively promoting heightened engagement and facilitating the acquisition of knowledge among students. The research involves the development of tailored laboratory protocols suited to various academic levels, employing a systematic methodology aimed at deepening students’ comprehension of STEM concepts. Furthermore, an adaptable infrastructure for laboratory protocols and in-class testing was developed. The efficacy of this teaching/learning methodology is evaluated through student surveys, ensuring its continuous improvement. These protocols are to be integrated into both the robotics courses and teacher-training initiatives. This study aims to contribute to the field by using a dynamic STEM-driven approach based on mobile robotics. It outlines a strategic vision for better-preparing students and educators in the ever-evolving landscape of robotics education demanded by Industry 4.0 technologies.
Impact of a Polymer-Based Nanoparticle with Formoterol Drug as Nanocarrier System In Vitro and in an Experimental Asthmatic Model
Authors: Bakan Buket , Jonckheere Anne-Charlotte , Decaesteker Tatjana , Marain Nora F. , Murugadoss Sivakumar , Karabay Yavasoglu Nefise Ulku , Şahar Umut , Şenay Raziye Hilal , Akgöl Sinan , Göksel Özlem , Hoet Peter H. M. , Vanoirbeek Jeroen A. J.
Published: December 2023

The implementation of nanotechnology in pulmonary delivery systems might result in better and more specific therapy. Therefore, a nano-sized drug carrier should be toxicologically inert and not induce adverse effects. We aimed to investigate the responses of a polymer nano drug carrier, a lysine poly-hydroxyethyl methacrylate nanoparticle (NP) [Lys-p(HEMA)], loaded with formoterol, both in vitro and in vivo in an ovalbumin (OVA) asthma model. The successfully synthesized nanodrug formulation showed an expectedly steady in vitro release profile. There was no sign of in vitro toxicity, and the 16HBE and THP-1 cell lines remained vital after exposure to the nanocarrier, both loaded and unloaded. In an experimental asthma model (Balb/c mice) of ovalbumin sensitization and challenge, the nanocarrier loaded and unloaded with formoterol was tested in a preventive strategy and compared to treatment with the drug in a normal formulation. The airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and pulmonary inflammation in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), both cellular and biochemical, were assessed. The application of formoterol as a regular drug and the unloaded and formoterol-loaded NP in OVA-sensitized mice followed by a saline challenge was not different from the control group. Yet, both the NP formulation and the normal drug application led to a more deteriorated lung function and increased lung inflammation in the OVA-sensitized and -challenged mice, showing that the use of the p(HEMA) nanocarrier loaded with formoterol needs more extensive testing before it can be applied in clinical settings.
The Measurement of Atmospheric Black Carbon: A Review
Authors: Zhang Zhiqing , Cheng Yuan , Liang Linlin , Liu Jiumeng
Published: December 2023

Black Carbon (BC), the second-largest contributor to global warming, has detrimental effects on human health and the environment. However, the accurate quantification of BC poses a significant challenge, impeding the comprehensive assessment of its impacts. Therefore, this paper aims to critically review three quantitative methods for measuring BC: Thermal Optical Analysis (TOA), the Optical Method, and Laser-Induced Incandescence (LII). The determination principles, available commercial instruments, sources of deviation, and correction approaches associated with these techniques are systematically discussed. By synthesizing and comparing the quantitative results reported in previous studies, this paper aims to elucidate the underlying relationships and fundamental disparities among Elemental Carbon (EC), Equivalent Black Carbon (eBC), and Refractory Black Carbon (rBC). Finally, based on the current advancements in BC quantification, recommendations are proposed to guide future research directions.
Rhizospheric Precipitation of Manganese by Phosphate: A Novel Strategy to Enhance Mn Tolerance in the Hyperaccumulator Phytolacca americana
Authors: Dou Changming , Qi Cuicui
Published: December 2023

Manganese (Mn) exclusion in the Mn hyperaccumulator pokeweed (Phytolacca americana L.) was investigated. Hydroponic experiments were carried out to observe the responses of pokeweeds continually exposed to high levels of Mn. In this study, crystals were observed to appear firstly on the root hair, and soon after, more crystals appeared on the root surface, and crystals of Mn phosphate were observed to appear on the root surface in a time sequence negatively correlated with the number of leaves treated with 5 mM Mn. Crystals were identified via phase analysis of X-ray diffraction and element analysis, and these white insoluble crystals were identified using XRD to be Mn phosphate, with the molecular formula (Mn,Fe)3(PO4)2·4H2O. The nutrient solution pH increased from 4.5 to about 5.6 before the crystals appeared. Mn phosphate crystals appeared in all solutions except those without phosphate and emerged earlier in the solutions containing no Fe. Compared with control group, pokeweed accumulated much more Mn in the leaves when treated without phosphate or Fe. The present study suggests that pokeweed can exclude Mn by means of rhizosphere precipitation by phosphate to form Mn phosphate crystals that accumulate on the root surface. Although the detailed mechanism requires further investigation, this study provides the first direct evidence of a novel strategy to inhibit Mn uptake in the roots of a hyperaccumulator in a P-enriched environment.
MiR-96-5p Suppresses Progression of Arsenite-Induced Human Keratinocyte Proliferation and Malignant Transformation by Targeting Denticleless E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase Homolog
Authors: Li Yan , Zhao Qiaoshi , Yao Jinyin , Lv Chunpeng , Gao Yanhui , Sun Dianjun , Yang Yanmei
Published: December 2023

Long-term exposure to arsenic has been linked to a variety of cancers, among which skin cancer is the most prevalent form. However, the mechanism underlying arsenic carcinogenesis is unclear, and there is still limited information on the role of miRNAs in arsenic-induced skin cancer. This study aims to explore the role of miR-96-5p in the arsenite-induced proliferation and malignant transformation of human HaCaT keratinocytes. The GEO database (accession numbers GSE97303, GSE97305, and GSE97306) was used to extract mRNA and miRNA expression profiles of HaCaT cells treated with or without 0.1 μmol/L sodium arsenite for 3 and 7 weeks. In this paper, according to the CCK8 assay result, HaCaT cells exposed to 0.1 μmol/L sodium arsenite for 48 h were finalized. CCK8, MTT, EdU incorporation, and colony formation assays were used to determine the viability and proliferation of HaCaT cells and transformed HaCaT (T-HaCaT) cells. The subcellular localization and relative expression levels of DTL, as well as miR-96-5p in HaCaT cells induced by arsenite, were determined via immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR, and Western blot. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to identify miR-96-5p bound directly to DTL. Transfection of miR-96-5p mimics or DTL siRNA was conducted to verify the arsenite-induced viability of HaCaT cells and T-HaCaT cells. T-HaCaT cells and nude mice were used to construct arsenite-induced malignant transformation and an in vivo xenograft model to demonstrate the over-expressed effect of miR-96-5p. The results showed that DTL was the target gene of miR-96-5p. Meanwhile, we also found that 0.1 μmol/L sodium arsenite upregulated DTL by decreasing the miR-96-5p level, leading to the proliferation and malignant transformation of HaCaT cells. MiR-96-5p agomir treatment slowed the growth of transplanted HaCaT cells transformed by arsenite in a manner associated with DTL downregulation in the nude mice xenograft model. Taken together, we confirmed that miR-96-5p, as a potent regulator of DTL, suppressed arsenite-induced HaCaT cell proliferation and malignant transformation, which might provide a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of arsenic-induced skin cancer.
Association of Combined Metals and PFAS with Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Authors: Boafo Yvonne S. , Mostafa Sayed , Obeng-Gyasi Emmanuel
Published: December 2023

This study sought to investigate the impact of exposure to metals and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) on cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related risk. PFASs, including PFOA, PFOS, PFNA, and PFHxS, as well as metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg), were analyzed to elucidate their combined effects on CVD risk. Methods: Utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning from 2007 to 2014, this investigation explored the effects of PFASs and metals on CVD risk. A spectrum of individual CVD markers, encompassing systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol, and triglycerides, was examined. Additionally, comprehensive CVD risk indices were evaluated, namely the Overall Cardiovascular Biomarkers Index (OCBI), including the Framingham Risk Score and an Overall Cardiovascular Index. Linear regression analysis was employed to probe the relationships between these variables. Furthermore, to assess dose–response relationships between exposure mixtures and CVD while mitigating the influence of multicollinearity and potential interaction effects, Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) was employed. Results: Our findings indicated that exposure to PFAS and metals in combination increased CVD risk, with combinations occurring with lead bringing forth the largest impact among many CVD-related markers. Conclusions: This study finds that combined exposure to metals and PFASs significantly elevates the likelihood of CVD risk. These results highlight the importance of understanding the complex interplay between multipollutant exposures and their potential implications for cardiovascular health.
Factors Associated with Treatment Prescription to Pulmonary Tuberculosis Contacts in Catalonia (2019–2021): A Population-Based Epidemiological Study
Authors: Domínguez Ángela , Soldevila Núria , Toledo Diana , Parrón Ignasi , Millet Joan-Pau , Barrabeig Irene , Godoy Pere ,   on behalf of Transmission of Tuberculosis in Catalonia (Spain) Working Group
Published: December 2023

In countries with low tuberculosis (TB) incidence, the systematic testing and treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI) in contacts of pulmonary TB index cases is the standard of care. The objective of this study, conducted in Catalonia over 2019–2021, was to assess the factors associated with LTBI treatment prescription to close contacts of pulmonary TB index cases. In this population-based epidemiological study of LTBI prevalence among pulmonary TB contacts between 2019 and 2021, multiple logistic backward stepwise regression was used to identify the factors associated with treatment prescription, for which the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. A total of 1487 LTBI contacts of 542 pulmonary TB index cases were studied, 80.6% of whom received a prescription. The factors associated with LTBI treatment prescription were exposure ≥6 h/day (aOR 14.20; 95% CI 5.22–38.66) and exposure <6 h/day (aOR 7.32, 95% CI 2.48–21.64), whereas the factors associated with no LTBI treatment prescription were age ≥55 years (aOR 0.22, 95% CI 0.08–0.64) and bacillus Calmette–Guerin vaccination (aOR 0.38, 95% CI 0.16–0.90). Crucial to LTBI treatment prescription is information on the contact’s duration of exposure to pulmonary TB, not only for contacts exposed for ≥6 h/day, but also for contacts with lower daily exposure levels.
Biological Control of Hyalomma Ticks in Cattle by Fungal Isolates
Authors: Wadaan Mohammad Ahmad , Khattak Baharullah , Riaz Aneela , Hussain Mubbashir , Khan Muhammad Jamil , Fozia Fozia , Iftikhar Anisa , Ahmad Ijaz , Khan Muhammad Farooq , Baabbad Almohannad , Ziaullah
Published: December 2023

Ticks pose a major threat to cattle health and production in Pakistan because they transmit pathogens of diseases like Babesiosis and Theileriosis. Hyalomma spp., found across Africa, Asia, and Europe, are especially problematic. This study explored biocontrol of Hyalomma spp. using spore-free fungal culture filtrates collected from dairy farm soil in Kohat, Pakistan. Three fungal species of the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, and Penicillium were isolated, and their filtrates were tested against tick adults and larvae. Filtrate concentrations were prepared at different strengths. Data were taken after the exposure of adults and larvae ticks to various concentrations of the fungal filtrates. Results indicated that at 100% concentration, all fungal filtrates induced 100% mortality in adults and larvae. Decreasing filtrate concentration lowered tick mortality. The lowest concentration caused the least mortality. The effect was time- and dose-dependent. In conclusion, spore-free fungal culture filtrates can provide biocontrol of Hyalomma spp. in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Further research should explore the active compounds causing mortality and optimal application methods. The process outlined here provides a natural biocontrol alternative to chemical pesticides to reduce tick infestations and associated cattle diseases in Pakistan.
Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Secretory Proteins of Mycoplasma bovis and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides Investigates Virulence and Discovers Important Diagnostic Biomarkers
Authors: Dawood Ali Sobhy , Zhao Gang , He Yujia , Lu Doukun , Wang Shujuan , Zhang Hui , Chen Yingyu , Hu Changmin , Chen Huanchun , Schieck Elise , Guo Aizhen
Published: December 2023

The most important pathogenic Mycoplasma species in bovines are Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm). Mmm causes contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), which is a severe respiratory disease widespread in sub-Saharan Africa but eradicated in several countries, including China. M. bovis is an important cause of the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRD), characterized worldwide by pneumonia, arthritis, and mastitis. Secreted proteins of bacteria are generally considered virulence factors because they can act as toxins, adhesins, and virulent enzymes in infection. Therefore, this study performed a comparative proteomic analysis of the secreted proteins of M. bovis and Mmm in order to find some virulence-related factors as well as discover differential diagnostic biomarkers for these bovine mycoplasmas. The secretome was extracted from both species, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used, which revealed 55 unique secreted proteins of M. bovis, 44 unique secreted proteins of Mmm, and 4 homologous proteins. In the M. bovis secretome, 19 proteins were predicted to be virulence factors, while 4 putative virulence factors were identified in the Mmm secretome. In addition, five unique secreted proteins of Mmm were expressed and purified, and their antigenicity was confirmed by Western blotting assay and indirect ELISA. Among them, Ts1133 and Ts0085 were verified as potential candidates for distinguishing Mmm infection from M. bovis infection.
Clinical Application of Platelet Concentrates in Bovine Practice: A Systematic Review
Authors: Caterino Chiara , Della Valle Giovanni , Aragosa Federica , Cavalli Stefano , Guccione Jacopo , Lamagna Francesco , Fatone Gerardo
Published: December 2023

Platelet concentrates (PCs) have become widely used in veterinary and human medicine. The PCs consist mainly of supraphysiological concentrations of platelets and, therefore, growth factors (GFs) which are stored within platelet α-granules. Among PCs, Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) is characterised by low-density fibrin. Research on the effect of PCs in cattle has surged in recent years; in particular, evidence has shown the positive use of PRP for treating reproductive problems, in vitro production of bovine embryos, sole ulcers and udder diseases. The aim of this report is to critically review, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, the available literature reporting clinical application in the bovine practice of PRP. Three bibliographic databases PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus were used for a broad search of “platelet concentrates” OR “PRP” OR “platelet-rich plasma” OR “PRF” OR “platelet-rich fibrin” AND “cows” OR “cattle”. From 1196 papers, only six met the inclusion criteria. Two papers described the use of PRP in mastitis, two papers in uterine dysfunction and two papers in ovarian dysfunction. PRP offered a low-cost, easily obtained therapeutic option and showed positive results for these patients. However, given the different pathologies and definitions involved, further studies are necessary to assess its full clinical potential.
Modeling Extreme Water Levels in the Salish Sea: The Importance of Including Remote Sea Level Anomalies for Application in Hydrodynamic Simulations
Authors: Grossman Eric E. , Tehranirad Babak , Nederhoff Cornelis M. , Crosby Sean C. , Stevens Andrew W. , Van Arendonk Nathan R. , Nowacki Daniel J. , Erikson Li H. , Barnard Patrick L.
Published: December 2023

Extreme water-level recurrence estimates for a complex estuary using a high-resolution 2D model and a new method for estimating remotely generated sea level anomalies (SLAs) at the model boundary have been developed. The hydrodynamic model accurately resolves the dominant physical processes contributing to extreme water levels across the Washington State waters of the Salish Sea, including the relative contribution of remote SLA and other non-tidal residual processes that drive extreme water levels above the predicted tide. The model’s predictions have errors of less than 15 cm (<5% of 3–4 m tidal range) at eight tide gauge locations across the model domain. The influence of remote SLAs at the seaward boundary of the model was implemented using a multivariate regression of readily available and locally relevant wind, sea surface temperature, and pressure anomaly data, combined with El Niño Index data (R2 = 0.76). The hydrodynamic model simulations using the remote SLA predictor compared well with simulations using the widely used data-assimilative global ocean model HYCOM SLA data (root mean square difference of 5.5 cm). Extreme water-level recurrence estimates with and without remote SLA show that remote forcing accounts for 50–60% of the total water level anomaly observed along Salish Sea shorelines. The resulting model simulations across decadal timescales provide estimates of extreme water level recurrence across the Salish Sea, capturing climate variability important to long-term coastal hazard planning. This approach has widespread applications for other complex estuarine systems.
Experimental study on structure-borne noise of vertical concrete noise barriers sitting on the ground
Authors: Liu Bideng , Wu Yubin , Song Ruixiang , Wu Dan , Wu Rui , Zhao Yang
Published: December 2023

To investigate the relationship between the structure-borne noise and the vibration of vertical concrete noise barriers sitting on the roadside of the railway, the time-frequency characteristics of the accelerations and sound pressure level of the barrier slab under train crossing events
were analyzed by in situ vibration and noise testing. The results show that (1) the vertical vibration level in the mainline area is approximately 94.7 dB, while it is approximately 104.4 dB in the turnout area, and the average increase effect of the vibration level is approximately 9.7 dB.
(2) The sound pressure level of the structure-borne noise in the mainline area is approximately 66.4 dB(A), while it is approximately 70.0 dB(A) in the turnout area, and the average increase effect of the sound pressure level is approximately 3.6 dB(A). (3) The vibration is amplified significantly
at approximately 40-60 Hz. In summary, the structure-borne noise of the barrier slab is affected by the forced vibration amplification of the barrier slab, and the sound and vertical vibration amplified analysis of the noise barrier under ground motion excitation caused by train operation
brought out the related relationship between the vertical vibration and the structure-borne noise.
Development of a compact device for duct noises
Authors: Toyoda Masahiro
Published: December 2023

Noise radiated from ducts associated with air conditioning equipment is one of the most important noises that must be addressed to create a quiet space. While it is relatively easy to reduce this noise if the equipment works at a constant frequency, it is difficult to reduce noises
of various frequencies being generated depending on changes in its output. Although a side branch is one of the solutions for duct noises, a single side branch can only be effective for a specific frequency. On the other hand, multiple side branches can broaden the effect, However, the space
required for side branches becomes very large and is not practical for use. In this study, a compact duct noise reduction device based on the side branch concept is proposed. The side branches of multiple lengths filled with porous materials are considered to achieve both a wide-band reduction
and space saving. The design process of the device which can be installed easily is illustrated and the reduction performance are estimated by numerical studies.
Influence of tyre construction parameters on cavity noise amplification and its impact on electric vehicles
Authors: Ved Mihar Mukesh Mavji , Makwana Bharatkumar
Published: December 2023

When the tyre rolls over a macro uneven road surface, it starts to vibrate which is responsible for cavity noise excitation. This excitation range typically lies between 180-250 Hz for passenger car tyres. With the rise of electric vehicles in the market, vehicle interior noise is becoming
a key demand from OEMs across the globe. It is therefore paramount to understand how tyre parameters such as cavity, construction, compounds and reinforcements excite this cavity noise under tyre operating conditions such as inflation pressure, pre-load and vehicle speeds. External cavity
noise reduction methods such as foam technology in tyres can help reduce this excitation. However, this also leads to other challenges such as increased product costs. This investigation therefore, shows possible solutions to minimize the impact of cavity noise amplification.
3D Printed Acoustic Materials for the Performance Enhancement of a Building Acoustics Silencer
Authors: Ciochon Agnieszka , Kennedy John
Published: December 2023

This research develops and applies novel acoustic-material solutions for the performance enhancement of a building acoustics silencer. The material performance is achieved through the design of lattices of subwavelength unit cells and resonating structures. The resulting material consists
of an open pore network, which can act as a chain of resonators with multiple degrees of freedom. The geometrical designs were manufactured using fused deposition modelling. The performance enhancement was demonstrated through a comparison of an unaltered and an altered commercial silencer.
The modified silencer was reassembled, containing the produced lattices. The acoustic-transmission loss of the two samples was experimentally determined according to ASTM E2611, and the results were compared. Our findings show that superior low-frequency sound attenuation can be achieved using
low-cost novel acoustic materials. These results offer insights into the potential for the industrial application of 3D printed materials for the building acoustics sector.