bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Taht Oyunları’ Dizisinde İdeoloji ve Hegemonik Söylemin İnşası
Authors: BOZ Mikail
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, George R. R. Martin’in eserinden televizyon dizisi olarak uyarlanan Taht Oyunları (Game of Thrones, 2011-2019) dizisindeki hanelerin, iktidarı ele geçirme ya da onu korumak için hegemonik ideolojilerini nasıl bir söylem ile ortaya koyduklarını belirlemektir. Eser iktidarı ele geçirmek ve onu korumak isteyen hanelerin mücadelelerini pek çok olasılığın devreye girdiği ve bilindik “iyi olanın” normal bir şekilde kazanmadığı bir şekilde işlemiştir. Bu bağlamda dizi sunduğu alternatif evrende her şeyin “doğallık” içinde gerçekleşmiş olduğu hissini yaratsa da, hanelerin iktidarını sağlamak için ne türden ideolojilere yaslandığı, hegemonik söylemlerini nasıl inşa ettiğini anlamak kültürel bir ürün olarak diziyi anlamlandırmaya yardımcı olacaktır. Gramsci’nin “hegemonya” ve sosyal bilimlerdeki “ideoloji” ve “söylem” gibi kavramlardan hareket eden çalışma hanelerin ideolojilerini L. Giannetti’nin ortaya koyduğu ideolojik spekturum ve dikotomiler yoluyla ortaya koymaya çalışmıştır. Hanelerin nasıl bir hegemonik söylem oluşturduğu ve filmdeki anlatının nasıl sonuca ulaştığı ortaya konarak filmin bu söylemlere nasıl yaklaştığı belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Dizide sona doğru “devrimci” niteliklerinin büyük ölçüde gerilediğini, daha kapalı, yarı demokratik-monarşik, seçkinci, panoptik bir izlemeye haiz bir yönetimin daha rasyonel ve çağcıl bulunduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Hegemonik söylem “aşırı” olarak nitelendirilebilecek politik ve dini akımların başarısız olacağı bir yapıya dayanmaktadır.
Anarchivo y producción contrahegemónica del relato. El paisaje cultural de l’Horta como caso de estudio
Authors: Tomás Marquina Daniel
Published: March 2021

El paisaje es algo intrínseco en la formación de cualquier cosmovisión cultural. En este estudio nos centraremos en la comarca de l’Horta (València) para hablar de como se configura los registros culturales de lo que podríamos definir como un paisaje cultural único en Europa. En este lugar, también se articulan discursos que definen ecosaberes e historias de vida narradas por las personas que habitan el lugar. En este marco, analizaremos un proyecto que registra y archiva estas costumbres; construidas como contrarelato, por boca de todas sus propias protagonistas. Si un archivo se construye desde una esfera de poder, este anarchivo pretende articular nuevas narrativas desde la posibilidad de construir relatos horizontales y orgánicos. También como cápsulas de memoria, retazos de vidas que se entrecruzan en una catarsis emocional. Estas acciones pueden construir resistencias, y un tipo de estética social mediada por el arte. La forma de ordenar recuerdos pasados que nos ayudan a construir el futuro en una época de colapso, vinculada a una crisis ecológica y socioeconómica a nivel global.
Fenomenología y memoria involuntaria en la experimentación pictórica
Authors: Porta Salvia Carme
Published: March 2021

Este artículo reflexiona sobre el proceso que tiene lugar en nuestra memoria para la construcción de un recuerdo, proceso de interiorización que deviene el punto de partida para la creación de una obra pictórica. Para ello nos serviremos de los conceptos: memoria Involuntaria y experiencia fenomenológica, como componentes que devienen esenciales para explicar el nacimiento de una imagen o si más no, nos sitúan frente a una actitud que en el obrar artístico puede sorprendernos de forma sin igual. Esta investigación se basa en la propia experiencia que como practicante de la pintura, me ha conducido a reconsiderar la memoria como fuente de creación y también como origen de lo que llamamos  imaginación. Me referiré en este estudio  al pensamiento de Edmund Husserl (1859-1938) y Marcel Proust (1871-1922) para profundizar en los conceptos que son capitales en esta pesquisa, así como también y de forma entrecruzada, citaremos a Henri Bergson (1859-1941) y a la filósofa Marina Garcés (1973-), a quien agradezco la entrada que con sus escritos me ha proporcionado hacia el campo filosófico, en especial a los citados pensadores a través de la publicación de su libro, “Filosofía Inacabada” (2018). Para la construcción de este discurso haré mención de dos proyectos pictóricos personales realizados en los últimos años: “A-cercamientos” (2017-18) y “Gestaciones” (2018-2019). Ambos fueron presentados en los espacios expositivos del Puerto de Tarragona la temporada (2019-20).
Challenging the growing rabbit with a moderately pathogenic E. coli under ad libitum or limited feed intake conditions: impact on digestive physiology, bacterial communities, and on post-weaning growth
Authors: Martignon M. , Burel C. , Licois D. , Reperant E. , Postollec G. , Valat C. , Gidenne Thierry Noël
Published: March 2021

The impact of a challenge with moderately pathogenic Escherichia coli O128:C6 on the digestive physiology and gut bacterial community of growing rabbits under two feeding programmes was analysed. Upon weaning (28 d old), 180 rabbits were allocated to four groups (9 cages of 5 rabbits per group) for two weeks: group C100 was non-inoculated and fed ad libitum; C70 was non-inoculated and feed intake was limited to 70% of C100; I100 and I70 were inoculated and fed ad libitum or restricted to 70%, respectively. At the age of 31 d (D0), rabbits were orally inoculated with E. coli (2.2×108 colony forming units/rabbit). The effects of inoculation spiked on D4, with a 28% lower growth rate for I100 than for C100. Limited feed intake reinforced the inoculation’s effects on growth: I70 had a 66% lower growth rate than C70. The morbidity rate peaked at 42% between D4 and D7 for inoculated groups, without significant effect of the feed intake level. E. coli concentration peaked on D5/D6 in the caecum of the I100 and I70 groups. Inoculation reduced by 30% (P<0.05) the villus height/crypt depth and villus/crypt area ratios in the ileum, with no significant effect of the intake level. Inoculation was associated with a tenfold increase in serum haptoglobin (P<0.001) for both ad libitum and restricted rabbits. On D5, the inoculation modified the structure of the ileal bacterial community (P<0.05), but not that of the caecum. The feed intake level did not affect either the structure or diversity of the bacterial community, both in the ileum and caecum.
The relevance of creating a methodology analysis to assess the passive safety of armored civil vehicles
Authors: Viunov T. A. , Solopov D. Yu.
Published: March 2021

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). At present, there are no international standards for the passive safety of armored vehicles. This means that the developers themselves choose the conditions for conducting crash tests and the requirements for their results.

The purpose of the study was to conduct a brief expert analysis of the historical domestic experience in the fi eld of passive safety, as well as to analyze the applicability of the methods included in the requirements of the UN Regulation and Euro NCAP for the passive safety of the armored civil vehicles.

Methodology and research methods. The crash tests results of armored vehicles ZIS-110SO and ZiL-4105 were analyzed by experts. The analyses included the requirements of regulatory documents concerning the testing of vehicles for passive safety (UN Regulation, Euro NCAP).

Scientifi c novelty and results. It has been established that the armored vehicles ZIS-110SO and ZiL-4105 did not meet the UN Regulation No. 94. It was also found that not all of the UN Regulations and Euro NCAP standards could be applied to assess the passive safety of armored civil vehicles.

Practical signifi cance. In this work, load modes which could be taken as a test matrix basis for armored vehicles have been selected from the regulatory documents. In addition, the inexpediency of using some of the tests was substantiated.
Signal processing algorithms for multichannel integrated engines complex diagnostics for automobiles and tractors
Authors: Tarasenko V. E. , Rolich O. Ch. , Yakubovich O. A. , Kozlov A. V.
Published: March 2021

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). The technical state of machines undergoes changes during their life cycle. The qualitative determination of the technical condition of components, assemblies and systems of engines requires not only the application of modern control methods that provide reliable results, but also the use of high-performance specialized diagnostic equipment for the timely detection of faults to increase the reliability and service life of machines.

The purpose of the study was to substantiate the architecture of an integrated system of vibroacoustic and thermal diagnostics, which would make it possible to assess the residual life of systems, assemblies and mechanisms of diesel engines in real time.

Methodology and research methods. The modern methods of collection and computer processing of signals from various types of sensors, as well as wavelet functions and digital image processing were used in the study.

Scientifi c novelty and results. Algorithms for calculating and processing the analytical ensemble (including scaleograms and histograms) of the data fl ow have been developed and used in an integrated system of complex diagnostics to identify defects in automotive engines and detect the moments of their origin.

Practical signifi cance. The proposed algorithms made it possible to diagnose malfunctions and calculate the residual resource of automotive engine units in real time, display the dynamics of signal changes on the display, process user requests and form a protocol for changing the diesel state picture during its operation.
Perspectives and Challenges of European Ageing
Authors: Zsarnoczky Martin
Published: March 2021

Improving the life quality of the European population is an important goal set in the cohesion policy, which is valid for the whole of the European Union’s territory. The cohesion policy of the European Union strengthens the kind of European solidarity through which geographically different social groups receive similar opportunities to improve their life quality and well-being. To reach this positive goal, the accessibility programs created by the European Union are highly important. The ideology of European accessibility determines complex strategic objectives and imbues these with useful content. The group of elderly people is one of society’s accessibility groups, whose representation will be more and more prominent in the future due to European demographic changes. Member states of the European Union have different approaches to the growing role of seniors in society, which is partly due to their cultural traditions. These viewpoints may provide different answers regarding the processes of ageing, however, the appropriate care of the elderly is a joint social responsibility of each of the member states. The shifting dialogue between generations can be viewed as a positive change, nevertheless, other environmental influences can affect the processes. These environmental impacts can be factors that contribute to ageing. The complex research results of these show that, despite previous stereotypes, during the biological ageing of the human body there is a healthy ageing process in which activity, vitality, success, happiness, well-being and the quality of life play a substantial role. We have studied a group of seniors who have exceptionally active lives and extraordinary results in Hungary. The results of this Hungarian group of seniors show which factors and individual impressions in a local environment contribute to a high-level life quality, which can be an outstanding example and model to be followed by other European senior groups.
Once Upon a Time in the Realm of Notions : The Conceptualisation of Novak Djokovic-Inspired Personality Shifts
Authors: Blaženović Nenad , Muhić Emir
Published: March 2021

An analysis was carried out with two interviews given by the tennis-player Novak Djokovic, one of which was in English and the other in his native Serbian. In both instances, Novak Djokovic used many conceptual metaphors throughout his speech, some of which were analysed in more detail. The main premise of the research was that people’s personalities change in accordance with language they speak at any given time and that they use different conceptual metaphors to describe the same events in different languages. The aim of the paper was to investigate whether personality shift in bilingual speakers can be observed through the speaker’s use of conceptual metaphors in different languages. Through the framework of conceptual metaphor theory, it was shown that Djokovic’s personality does change with the language he speaks. This change was shown through the conceptual metaphors, i.e., source and target domains that Djokovic used during the interviews. He does indeed use different source domains to conceptualise the same target domains in different languages.
Strategi Komunikasi Efektif Pengguna Facebook Berpengaruh (Facebook Influencer) Dalam Membentuk Budaya Kedermawanan Di Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Noor Muaz , Suyurno S. Salahudin , Nordin Rawi , Mustafar Mohd Zaid , Md Sharipp Muhammad Taufik , Mohd Aziz Mohd Khairul Nizam
Published: March 2021

Laman sosial Facebook merupakan sebahagian rangkaian media sosial yang mempunyai peranan besar dan semakin mendapat sambutan yang sangat menggalakkan dari kalangan rakyat Malaysia. Dari kalangan pengguna Facebook, terdapat istilah khusus bagi pengguna yang dilihat mempunyai pengaruh yang ramai, iaitu ‘Social Influencer’ (pengguna media sosial berpengaruh). Isitilah ini merujuk kepada seseorang yang mampu menggunakan media sosial untuk menjana perbincangan atau mempengaruhi pengikut-pengikut mereka. Biasanya mereka adalah orang yang berbakat, berpengetahuan, dan mempunyai pengalaman yang memberi inspirasi kepada orang-orang di sekeliling mereka sama ada keluarga, rakan-rakan atau dari kalangan pengikut (follower) mereka. Dari kalangan mereka pula, ada yang sangat terkehadapan dari sudut kebajikan sosial dengan menghulurkan bantuan dan sumbangan, sehingga memberi inspirasi kepada ramai orang. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji starategi komunikasi efektif para pengguna media sosial Facebook yang berpengaruh ini bagi membudayakan sikap kedermawanan (filantropi) di Malaysia. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kajian kualitatif iaitu kaedah dokumentasi dan observasi, iaitu melakukan pengamatan langsung terhadap media sosial terpilih, iaitu Facebook. Hasil dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa penggunaan media sosial, khususnya Facebook dengan strategi komunikasi yang berkesan, sangat berperanan dalam membentuk budaya kedermawanan dalam kalangan rakyat Malaysia.
Implementation Of Zakat Payment Platform For Cryptocurrencies
Authors: Yusof Mohd Faizal , Ab. Rasid Lisasari , Masri Ridzuan
Published: March 2021

Bitcoin spearheaded the rise of cryptocurrencies since it was first launched in 2009. The concept of bitcoin as digital currency was first published publicly in the 2008 well-known whitepaper by pseudonymous Satoshi Nakamoto. The whitepaper outlined a self-serving peer-to-peer transaction network concept based on cryptographic proof instead of trust, allowing any two willing parties to transact directly with each other without the need for a trusted third party such as financial institutions. Since then, thousands of cryptocurrencies have been launched mostly through token offerings as an alternative approach of raising funds for blockchain, technology projects, and start-ups. People are holding cryptocurrencies mostly as digital asset investments. Some individuals made huge profits from buying cryptocurrencies at their initial offerings and sold later when the prices increased. Some crypto millionaires were born from such trades. However, many people lost their investment as well due to many factors. Some were due to bad investment decisions, and some fall into scams and investment programs run by dishonest peoplewith promises of highly lucrative returns. As trading and owning cryptocurrencies are becoming common, governments and policymakers around the world are coming up with proper and comprehensive regulations for cryptocurrencies. In the context of Malaysia, in which zakat collections and distributions are of state matters, this paper discusses the implementation of zakat payment platform for cryptocurrencies at zakat institutions. This paper seeks to contribute to the academic development, blockchain technology, and zakat management.
An Overview Of Sukuk Issuance And Their Contribution In Economic Empowerment
Authors: Hafsa Yerrou , Oumaima Bezoui
Published: March 2021

As one of the most popular financial instruments under Islamic finance, Sukuk can easily create and ensure economic empowerment if properly mobilized and structured. That is what the Islamic finance theory has shown; Sukuk has a considerable ability to playing a notable role in curbing poverty and creating a proper environment for vulnerable populations, thus, enabling them to shift from being a social burden to a development booster. Sukuk offers viable alternative funding sources to deliver and provide critical infrastructures. Concretely, governments cannot fully fulfill their socio-economic role and create the appropriate necessary environment for economic activity. This situation implies, theoretically, that Sukuk can be used to fulfill governments‘ needs and supply the needed funds to create a good environment and a better livelihood. However, their use as an effective means of economic empowerment is still shyly expanding and widening. This paper studies to what extent does Sukuk issuance serve the objectives of Islamic finance and insures its empowering and financial equality and support goals, through a theoretical overview regarding the scope of their use as an economic empowerment tool and an overview of the multiple experiences of Southeast Asian countries (Malaysia and Indonesia) and international financial institutions in using Sukuk for this role. We will present an overview of actual international cases in which Sukuk has been successfully mobilized to accomplish economic empowerment. Then we will face the impact of these experiences on the effect in combing poverty and empowering vulnerable populations that are awaited from Sukuk issuances. Our study will be completed by an investigation of the various barriers and key challenges impeding and obstructing a larger issuance, capable of bringing more enhanced empowering effect and of setting Sukuk and Islamic finance in general in its natural position: leading the economy for better achievements and bettering the livelihoods of the population.
Factors Influencing Acceptance Of Home-Based Accounting Services (Hibas) For Micro-Entrepreneurs: UITM Postgraduate Accounting Students Perspectives
Authors: Bin Baharum Zafiruddin , Shaffee Nor Syafinaz , Ishak Nur Ashikin , Ibrahim Zuraeda , Hj Ab Aziz Rozainun
Published: March 2021

This study aims to investigate and identify the main factors that influence the acceptance of the Home-Based Accounting Services (HBAS) concept from the perspective of postgraduate students. A well-structured survey questionnaire was distributed to all postgraduate students from the Faculty of Accountancy, University Teknologi MARA (UiTM) between 1 November 2018 and 30 November 2018. The research findings revealed that factors that influence the acceptance of HBAS, the ability of HBAS to provide comprehensive reporting on performance, and increasing the efficiency of owner-clients to manage accounting information were ranked as top priorities. The respondents also expect that HBAS could save time required for their involvement, from the recording to the reporting stages. Additionally, the owner client‘s convenience at the location while the HBAS team operates on-site and the securing of documents that must not be taken out from the site are other contributing factors. This paper contributes to the existing literature and broadens the provision of accounting services to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), also known as Micro-Entrepreneurs. The concept of HBAS could encourage Micro-Entrepreneurs to be more proactive, and issues related to the low percentage of SME business enterprises that keep proper accounting records could be reduced. HBAS is a new concept that aims to assist Micro-Entrepreneurs to keep proper accounting records. Consequently, this could help improve their financial position, as they would be able to review their business‘s financial statements regularly.
Corporate Social Responsibility Management (CSRM) With Islamic Philanthropy Concept For Enhancing Mudarabah Family Takaful Model In Malaysia
Authors: Ahmad Muhamad Fazil
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study is to explore the opportunities of integrating Islamic Philanthropy and Corporate Social Responsibility Management (CSRM) with Brand Personality concept for enhancing Mudarabah Family Takaful Model. The application of CSRM with the best practice in Islamic Philanthropy has been circulating in recent years. Since Takaful services are only provided to those, who have affordability with a good health condition. But supposedly those have inadequate and suffering from a variety of chronic illnesses, and health problems need more medical and health services. The current practice of this study is to review a practical approach in establishing Islamic Philanthropy and Social Responsibility Concept to Enhance Mudarabah Family Takaful Model in Malaysia. This study is called upon to examine how these marginalized groups can enjoy the same facilities as those who are qualified to get the services and benefits of the Takaful. The CSR Theories refer to the implementation of this model in Malaysian Takaful Industry. It is used to establish the conceptual framework of this study. Theoretically, the current study is perhaps one of the first to explore Islamic Philanthropy and Social Responsibility concept to improve the Mudarabah Family Takaful Model. Practically the study proposes to develop a new model and plan based on the dimensions of the Halal brand personality concept of Purity, Secure, Quality, Beneficial and Religious Compliance for beneficial to all people in Malaysia.
THE EFFECTS OF STRUCTURAL CAPITAL ON ORGANISATIONAL EFFICIENCY
Authors: Ogbu Edeh Friday , Sook Fern Yeo , Hussain Nawaz Abid
Published: March 2021

Policymakers and practitioners in telecommunication industry are not fully aware of the positive significance of structural capital to the enhancement of their operational and workers efficiency. The aim of this study therefore is to examine the effects of structural capital on organisational efficiency of ICT companies in the Sub-Saharan Africa using the knowledge-based view as theoretical underpinning. Cross-sectional research design was employed while the simple random sampling was used to select five ICT firms. Accessible population of two hundred and fifty participants was drawn from sample frame of five telecommunication firms. Sample size of one hundred and fifty-two was determined from accessible population. Hypotheses were analysed with multiple linear regression techniques with the aid of IBM SPSS. Study found that structural capital has significant positive effects on the organisational efficiency of ICT companies. The study concludes that structural capital measured in terms of process capital, innovation capital and customer capital enhance the organisational efficiency of ICT companies in Sub-Saharan Africa.
PERCEPTIONS OF TEACHER EDUCATORS AND PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS ON THE ASSESSMENT LITERACY AND PRACTICES
Authors: Hussain Sajjad , Idris Muhammad , Akhtar Zarina
Published: March 2021

This study explores the teacher educators' and prospective teachers’ perceptions regarding classroom assessment literacy and practices. It specifically aims to respond to questions: ‘what teacher educators and student teachers perceive with regard to classroom assessment, purposes, approaches, literacy and practices? How many perceptual differences exist between teacher educators and student teachers on classroom assessment practices? Through sequential triangulation, mixed-method research design data were collected over interview protocols and a Likert design questionnaire. Further, qualitative data were analyzed through a thematic approach while quantitative data were analyzed through mean scores and t-test. The results indicated significant differences in the understanding of classroom assessment practices of teacher educators and student teachers. Furthermore, student teachers feel tense due to prevalent assessment mechanisms. The results also revealed that prevalent assessment approaches fall short of developing requisite skills among student teachers. Thus, alternative assessment practices with more students centered and real-life approaches were recommended for prospective teachers in classroom situations.
EMERGENCE OF FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY IN ISLAMIC BANKING INDUSTRY AND ITS INFLUENCE ON BANK PERFORMANCE IN COVID-19 SCENARIO: A CASE OF DEVELOPING ECONOMY
Authors: Ahmad Ashfaq , Sohail Aamir , Hussain Abid
Published: March 2021

Technological intervention and financial innovation are an essential element for the banking sector especially in post-Covid 19 scenario. Islamic banking industry has also no exception and Islamic banks could attain institutional objectives over financial technology. The motivation behind research is to investigate emergence of financial technology in Islamic Banking Industry and its Influence on Bank Performance. The population of the study consists of Islamic banks and windows of Islamic banks operating in Pakistan. The sample size consists of four Islamic banks, five Islamic windows of conventional banks, and State bank of Pakistan. Purposive sampling technique was used by researcher. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and NVIVO software was used for data analysis. Findings indicate that technologies used by different banks to serve the customer are blockchain, mobile banking, customer relations management, cyber security, cloud banking, and fintech start-up. Reaction and response of the Islamic finance industry to the rise of financial technology and its impact on Pakistan is obvious.
Info-Communication Systems Based on E-mail and SMS Technologies
Authors: Mkhitaryan Andranik
Published: March 2021

The features of the widespread systems for the exchange of messages in computer and cellular networks, the prerequisites for the creation of combined messaging systems using IP and GSM technologies are considered. The peculiarities of the construction of hybrid e-mail / SMS info-communication systems are considered.
MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PEMBELIAN PRODUK MAKANAN HALAL DI DUSUN MLANGI YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Al Farisi Muhammad Salman
Published: March 2021

Indonesia dengan populasi penduduk mayoritas muslim merupakan pasar potensial yang besar bagi para produsen barang dan jasa. Meskipun masing-masing konsumen memiliki kadar kepatuhan terhadap syariah yang berbeda-beda tergantung tingkat religiusitas mereka, tetapi secara umum konsumen muslim akan memiliki sikap positif terhadap produk-produk yang menggunakan pendekatan halal dalam pemasaran mereka. Seiring dengan meningkatnya jumlah populasi muslim di Indonesia, studi dalam konteks pengakuan terhadap makanan halal perlu diperiksa lebih lanjut. Produk halal harus diakui sebagai simbol kebersihan, keamanan, dan kualitas tinggi bagi konsumen Muslim. Inilah saatnya untuk mempelajari faktor-faktor apa saja yang harus dipertimbangkan dalam mempengaruhi keputusan membeli konsumen muslim secara lebih mendalam sehingga hasilnya dapat memperkuat posisi Indonesia dalam pasar produk halal.Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Dusun Mlangi Yogyakarta lebih banyak mendapatkan informasi mengenai produk makanan halal melalui label halal pada kemasan makanan. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi preferensi masyarakat terhadap pembelian produk makanan halal di Dusun Mlangi Yogyakarta adalah faktor budaya, faktor sosial, faktor pribadi, dan faktor psikologis. Faktor yang paling dominan mempengaruhi preferensi masyarakat terhadap pembelian produk makanan halal di Dusun Mlangi Yogyakarta adalah adalah faktor sosial.
Just War and Just Battle: North Korea’s Attack against the ROKS Cheonan and its Unexplored Discourse of an Unjustified Military Action
Authors: Ban Kil Joo
Published: March 2021

In March 2010, a North Korean submarine fired a torpedo against the South Korean ship Cheonan, which resulted in the deaths of 46 sailors. Is its surprise attack justified? The academic examination has rarely been made over whether North Korea’s use of military force is justified in this battle. As the just war theory to date has dealt mostly with major wars, it also can guide us to judge whether this limited warfare is just or not. The just war principles are composed of three axes: before, in and after wars. First, North Korea’s provocation had neither right cause nor right intension because it attacked the Cheonan preventively, not preemptively, and was intended to achieve its domestic objective, the stable succession of the Kim regime. Second, North Korea also did not observe in-war principles in the sense that it attacked and sank the Cheonan unproportionally to maximize the effectiveness of revenge. Third, North Korea was not interested in post-battle settlements but intended to aggravate tensions in the region, which is not compliant with post-war principles. The examination sheds some light on the need to expand the scope of just war principles from war to limited warfare and battles particularly in the sense that it helps restrain unethical warfare and maintain the rules-based international order. This expansion also will contribute to not only the richness of the just war theory but also further leading it to evolve into a grand theory of war.
Saudades... ou como viver o mundo da pandemia
Authors: Atique Fernando , Quiéto Viana Lidia , Cotrim Marcio , Coutinho Marques da Silva Rachel
Published: March 2021

O número 9 da revista Thésis é revestido de grande simbolismo. Vem a público em um momento de fortes impactos na vida cotidiana de todo o mundo, e marca, também, uma profunda alteração da ordem espacial – doméstica/privada e urbana/pública –, cujos impactos imediatos estamos sentindo, mas sem ainda termos ferramentas suficientes para o dimensionamento dos vindouros.
Structural changes to forests during regeneration affect water flux partitioning, water ages and hydrological connectivity: Insights from tracer-aided ecohydrological modelling
Authors: Neill Aaron J. , Birkel Christian , Maneta Marco P. , Tetzlaff Doerthe , Soulsby Chris
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Increasing rates of biodiversity loss are adding momentum to efforts seeking to restore or rewild degraded landscapes. Here, we investigated the effects of natural forest regeneration on water flux partitioning, water ages and hydrological connectivity, using the tracer-aided ecohydrological model EcH2O-iso. The model was calibrated using ~3.5 years of diverse ecohydrological and isotope datasets available for a catchment in the Scottish Highlands, an area where the impetus for regeneration of native pinewoods is growing. We then simulated two land cover change scenarios that incorporated forests at early (thicket) and late (old-open forest) stages of regeneration, respectively, and compared these to a present-day baseline simulation. Changes to forest structure (proportional vegetation cover, vegetation heights and leaf area index of pine trees) were modelled for each stage. Establishment of thicket forest had the greatest effect on water partitioning/ages and connectivity, with increased losses to interception evaporation driving reductions in below-canopy fluxes (soil evaporation, groundwater recharge and streamflow) and generally slower rates of water turnover. Effects on streamflow were most evident for low and moderate summer flows rather than winter high flows. Whilst full forest regeneration was limited to hillslopes, resultant changes to the spatial dynamics of flux partitioning could also cause drying out of the valley bottom. The more open nature of the older forest generally resulted in water fluxes, ages and connectivity characteristics returning towards baseline conditions. Our work implies that the ecohydrological consequences of natural forest regeneration on degraded land depend on the structural characteristics of the forest at different stages of development. Consequently, future land cover change investigations need to move beyond consideration of simple forest vs. non-forest scenarios to inform management that effectively balances landscape restoration with demand for ecosystem services. Tracer-aided ecohydrological models were also shown to be useful tools for land cover change simulations and further potential of such models was highlighted.
Assessing the effect of lithological setting, block characteristics and slope topography on the runout length of rockfalls in the Alps and on the island of La Réunion
Authors: Wegner Kerstin , Haas Florian , Heckmann Tobias , Mangeney Anne , Durand Virginie , Villeneuve Nicolas , Kowalski Philippe , Peltier Aline , Becht Michael
Published: March 2021

Abstract. In four study areas within different lithological settings and rockfall activity, lidar data were applied for a morphometric analysis of block sizes, block shapes and talus cone characteristics. This information was used to investigate the dependencies between block size, block shape and lithology on the one hand and runout distances on the other hand. In our study, we were able to show that lithology seems to have an influence on block size and shape and that gravitational sorting did not occur on all of the studied debris cones but that other parameters apparently control the runout length of boulders. Such a parameter seems to be the block shape, as it plays the role of a moderating parameter in two of the four study sites, while we could not confirm this for our other study sites. We also investigated the influence of terrain parameters such as slope inclination, profile curvature and roughness. The derived roughness values show a clear difference between the four study sites and seem to be a good proxy for block size distribution on the talus cones and thus could be used in further studies to analyse a larger sample of block size distribution on talus cones with different lithologies.
The image of the Teutonic Order in handbook iconography of Poland, Germany, Lithuania, Russia in 20th century
Authors: Lewandowska Izabela
Published: March 2021

The article was written on the basis of source materials gathered for the purposes of the international project “Pruzzenland [ziemie pruskie]. Porównawcza analiza regionalnych konstrukcji tożsamości w podręcznikach szkol-nych Niemiec, Polski, Litwy i Rosji,” executed in the years 2010–2013 by the Georg–Eckert–Instytut in Braunschweig (Germany) and the Institute of History and International Relations at the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsz-tyn in cooperation with partners in Russia (Moscow) and Lithuania (Vilnius, Kaunas). The research aims at a com-parative analysis of school handbooks that were one of the most important means of shaping the identity of the young generation in the 20th and 21st centuries. A total of 740 handbooks in four languages was analysed. The resulting two monographies, one in Polish and one in German, differ slightly in terms of content but are based on the same source material. The works analyse several main topoi: Prussian landscape, specificity of Prussian tribes, battle of Grunwald, issues of religion, canon of important figures across the ages, migrations in the 20th century, history of education and contemporary Polish education regarding the region. Since both monographes do not use the available illustrative materials extensively, this text analyses the image of the Teutonic Order in handbook iconography. The library search that preceded the writing process consisted in analysing scanned pages from handbooks gathered within the project. Not all 288 handbooks included therein regarded the Middle Ages or the modern times, which chronologically en-compass the operations of the Order. Some of those publications have very general titles and only browsing through them allowed for the identification that they actually regard later times.
The history of the landtag of the Duchy of Prussia in 1566
Authors: Małłek Janusz
Published: March 2021

Artykuł poświęcony jest dziejom sejmu Prus Książęcych z roku 1566, który stał się przełomowym w relac�jach miedzy panującym ks. Albrechtem a stanami pruskimi oraz między lennem pruskim a państwem zwierzch�nim Polską. Jego rezultatem było udaremnienie absolutystycznego zamachu stanu tzw. nowych radców książę�cych i przejęcie na okres najbliższego dziesięciolecia de facto władzy w Księstwie Pruskim przez stany pruskie,
a dokładniej przez oligarchię pruską. Była też szansa, choć niewykorzystana, wprowadzenia polskiego namiest�nika, który rządziłby księstwem z powodu niedołężności starego księcia Albrechta (1490–1568) i zbyt młodego
do sprawowania tutaj władzy, bo 13-letniego księcia Albrechta Fryderyka. Jednak nadzór Polski nad księstwem
został powiększony, choć w mniejszym zakresie. Zagwarantowano szlachcie pruskiej prawo zwracania się do króla
polskiego i Korony Polskiej o pomoc w wypadku gdyby książę pruski naruszał jej przywileje. Poza tym władca ten,
nie miał prawa zawiązywać żadnych sojuszów bez zgody Korony Polskiej i stanów pruskich.
The Prussian case in the Treaty of Oliwa of 3 May, 1660, Part 2:
Negotiations in Oliwa and the peace treaty
Authors: Makiłła Dariusz
Published: March 2021

The article presents the problem of the confirmation of treatises between Commonwealth and elector
Frederic William of Brandenburg concluded in 1657 during the negotiations in Oliva monastery in 1660 con�cerning that peace of the war which was waged in northern Europe from 1655. The Brandenburg tried to include
these both sides treatises in conclusions of the peace of Oliva to reach guarantees of general peace what could
bring to elector the recognition of his release from the Fief in Duchy of Prussia and confirmation of his political
independence in this territory. The Swedes didn’t want to agree with this conception because they levelled charges
for all the treatises concluded during the war that have been made, in their mind, against them. The confirmation
of Prussian case was dealt at the background of other important for Brandenburg questions as for example the de�livering the city of Elbing admitted already to the Elector by Commonwealth in treaty of Bromberg in 1657, which
the Swedish did not want realize for the same reason as connected with hostile them treatises. At the end after a
longer and hard negotiations in Peace of Oliva however was not concluded the special confirmation of release the
elector from Fief in Duchy of Prussia and acknowledgment of his independence there but in Peace of Oliva was
made a general confirmation all the treatises and agreements concluded during just the finished war what signified
also the treatises between the Commonwealth and the Elector of Brandenburg from 1657.
Report on the scientific conference "Reformation in Prussia"
Authors: Bączek Konrad
Published: March 2021

Sprawozdanie z konferencji naukowej "Reformacja w Prusach" zorganizowanej przez Ośrodek Badań Naukowych im. Wojciecha Kętrzyńskiego, Towarzystwo Naukowe im. Wojciecha Kętrzyńskiego i Katedrę Filologii Germańskiej UWM w Olsztynie w dniach 19-20 września 2017 r.
The main railway station in Toruń in the light of comparative analyses
Authors: Kaprzyk Anna
Published: March 2021

The subject of the paper is to show the main railway station in Toruń in the light of comparative analyses.
Its aim is to bring out the characteristic elements in the superstructure, architectural decoration and interior
design of the station and to compare them with a group of twelve other structures of this type located in former
East Prussia. These buildings were grouped on the basis of stylistic similarities, but they are also connected by the
time of creation, because they were all built in the second half of the nineteenth century. Some of them have not
survived to this day, most have been modernised, but the rich photographic record from the turn of the century
allows for comparative analysis.
Due to the changes that the building of the principal train station in Toruń underwent, its history is briefly
presented at the start of this paper. The aim is to highlight the changes that the building underwent during the 159
years of existence; the most important railway building serving passengers in the city.
Krasicki’s positivists and modernists
Authors: Osiński Dawid
Published: March 2021

The author of the article demonstrates the ways of functioning of the biography, intellectual thought and
work of Ignacy Krasicki in the literature of the second half of the nineteenth century. References to the literary,
ideological and biographical heritage of the poet by positivists and modernists reveal Krasicki’s importance to cul�ture and literature during the second half of the 19th century. The basic goal is to extract from different texts (poet’s
biographies, portraits, profiles, studies, synthetic approaches as well as literature - poetry, novels, drama) written
by writers, critics and historians of Polish literature, positivism and modernism of modes of references to the shape
and heritage of the prince’s poets. The return of positivists and modernists to Krasicki means the possibility of
diagnosing one’s own present, and also facilitates defining the identity of culture with its limitations and deficits
Maria Butrymówna – „passionate about archeology” researcher of cemeteries in Lithuania and her contacts with Erasmus Majewski
Authors: Krajewska Maria
Published: March 2021

Maria Butrymówna was born on February 26, 1875 in Jodkan. Her father was Nicodemus Butrym of the
Topór family, and her mother Teresa de domo Wiszniewska of the Prussians from Żybortan. She was interested
in ethnography: she wrote down Lithuanian songs and prose which she then published in ethnographic journals.
However, her true passion was archaeology: discovering and exploring archaeological sites. As an amateur, however, she needed consultation and advice, especially concerning excavation methodology. At the end of the 19th
century, E. Majewski was the authority in archeology and he became her adviser. M. Butrymówna and E. Majewski
corresponded with each other (the correspondence kept in PMA covers the years 1899-1902), and they also knew
each other personally. E. Majewski published M. Butrymówna’s ethnographic notes in the pages of „Wisła” and the
results of her archaeological research in „Światowit”. Archaeological finds acquired by M. Butrymówna during the
course of her own research or in the form of donations resulted in a collection. Part of the collection was handed
over to the Erazm Majewski Museum and the rest to the Museum of the Society of Friends of the Sciences in
Vilnius.
MODERN METHODS FOR DIAGNOSING THE STATE OF AUDITING PERCEPTION OF Oral SPEECH IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN AFTER COCHLEAR IMPLANTATION
Authors: Veymer Yana Vladimirovna
Published: March 2021

A review of current techniques for diagnosing the auditory perception of speech in pre-school children after CI is given, identifying the principles underlying the existing techniques, their structure and types of tasks.
SERJ 2020 REFEREES
Authors: KAPLAN JENNIFER J.
Published: March 2021

Acknowledgment: We are grateful to the people who acted as referees for all issues of the Statistics Education Research Journal published this year.
First published December 2020 at Statistics Education Research Journal: Archives
New approach for T-shaped uterus: Metroplasty with resection of lateral fibromuscular tissue using a 15 Fr miniresectoscope. A step-by-step technique.
Authors: Catena U. , Campo R. , Bolomini G. , Moruzzi M.C. , Verdecchia V. , Nardelli F. , Romito I. , Camolo F. , La Manna V. , Ianieri M.M. , Scambia G. , Testa A.C.
Published: March 2021

T-shaped uterus is a congenital uterine malformation (CUM), only recently defined by the ESGE ESHRE classification as Class U1a. The uterus is characterised by a narrow uterine cavity due to thickened lateral walls with a correlation 2/3 uterine corpus and 1/3 cervix (Grimbizis et al, 2013). Although the significance of this dysmorphic malformation on reproductive performance has been questioned, recent studies reported significant improvement of life birth rates after surgical correction in patients with failed in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) or recurrent miscarriage (Ferro et al, 2018; Di Spiezio Sardo et al, 2020; Alonso Pacheco et al. 2019). The classical surgical technique to treat a T-shaped uterus is by performing a sidewall incision with the micro scissor or bipolar needle, resulting in a triangular cavity.
In this video article, we describe a new surgical technique with a step-by-step method combining three-dimensional ultrasound (3D-US) and hysteroscopic metroplasty in an office setting, using a 15 Fr office resectoscope (Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany), to treat a T-shaped uterus by resecting the lateral fibromuscular tissue of the uterine walls. No complications occurred and the postoperative hysteroscopy showed a triangular and symmetrical uterine cavity without any adhesions.
Entrevista com Mark Fellowes: "We must learn to reduce our demands on the ecosphere, but I'm not sure that we're smart enough to do that" 26-29
Authors: Angeoletto Fabio
Published: March 2021

Dr. Mark Fellowes studied Zoology at Imperial College London (1995) and moved to Imperial’s Silwood Park campus to complete a Ph.D. in Evolutionary Biology (1998), followed by a brief post-doctoral position at the NERC Centre for Population Biology. He joined the University of Reading as a lecturer in Zoology (2000). Dr. Fellowes’ group work on human-wildlife interactions (People and Wildlife Research Group), asking how the choices people make have unforeseen consequences for species. Current projects include work on red kites, urban greening, cats and conservation, leopard ecology and urban butterfly population dynamics, and how the presence of mutualists affects plant-herbivore-enemy interactions in an urban context. The work of Dr. Fellowes’ research group has featured widely in national and international print and broadcast media, won a silver medal at the Chelsea Flower Show, and he has published two science books aimed at the general public
Criação de municípios e conflitos institucionais no Brasil
Authors: Souza Fernando Mendes , Cigolini Adilar Antonio
Published: March 2021

The Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988 attributes to the Federated states to define the criteria for the creation of new municipalities. Therefore, the states’ rules facilitate the creation of these political units, which contributed to the DOI: 10.5212/TerraPlural.v.13i3.0005 43Terr@Plural, Ponta Grossa, v.13, n.3, p. 42-54, set./dez. 2019.CriaçãodemuniCípioseConflitosinstituCionaisnobrasildismembering intensification throughout the country. Because of this, it was approved the Constitutional Amendment 15/1996 which prevented municipalities from being created until new Federal regulations, and those created without the legal regulation were judicially contested. This work intends to uncover how municipalities could be created and installed since then, without legal support, and for what reasons the Brazilian judiciary maintained its existence. Controversial The establishment of these municipalities reveals political disputes, power relations, and conceptions of State that lead to reflection on the meaning of the territorial division in Brazil.