bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Big Five personality traits: Are they really important for the subjective well‐being of Indians?
Authors: Tanksale Deepa
Published: January 2015

This study empirically examined the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and subjective well‐being (SWB) in India. SWB variables used were life satisfaction, positive affect and negative affect. A total of 183 participants in the age range 30–40 years from Pune, India, completed the personality and SWB measures. Backward stepwise regression analysis showed that the Big Five traits accounted for 17% of the variance in life satisfaction, 35% variance in positive affect and 28% variance in negative affect. Conscientiousness emerged as the strongest predictor of life satisfaction. In line with the earlier research findings, neuroticism and extraversion were found to predict negative affect and positive affect, respectively. Neither openness to experience nor agreeableness contributed to SWB. The research emphasises the need to revisit the association between personality and SWB across different cultures, especially non‐western cultures.
A letter from the Editor‐in‐Chief
Authors: Silbereisen Rainer K.
Published: January 2015

Video Abstract
Bisphenol A exposure induces metabolic disorders and enhances atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic rabbits
Authors: Fang Chao , Ning Bo , Waqar Ahmed Bilal , Niimi Manabu , Li Shen , Satoh Kaneo , Shiomi Masashi , Ye Ting , Dong Sijun , Fan Jianglin
Published: January 2015

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an artificial environmental endocrine disrupter. Excess exposure to BPA may induce many disorders in the metabolism and cardiovascular system. However, the underlying toxicological mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we administered genetically hyperlipidemic Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL‐MI) rabbits (male, 14 week old), which have more common features with humans than the mouse and rat especially in the metabolism and cardiovascular system, with BPA at 40 mg kg–1 day–1 for 8 weeks by gavage and compared their plasma lipids, glucose and insulin response with those of the vehicle group. All of the rabbits were sacrificed, and their pancreas, liver, adipose tissue, heart and aorta were analyzed using histological and morphometric methods. Furthermore, we treated human hepatoma HepG2 cells and human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), with different doses of BPA based on the serum BPA levels in the WHHL rabbits for 6 h to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms. Our results showed that BPA‐treated rabbits showed insulin resistance, prominent adipose accumulation and hepatic steatosis. Additionally, BPA exposure also caused myocardial injury and enhanced the development of atherosclerosis in the aortic arch with increased macrophage number (86%) and advanced lesion areas (69%). Increased expression of inflammatory genes found in the liver of BPA‐treated rabbits along with the up‐regulation of ER stress, lipid and glucose homeostasis and inflammatory genes in the cultured HepG2 cells and HUVECs suggest that BPA may induce metabolic disorders and enhance atherosclerosis through regulating above molecular pathways in the liver and endothelium. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient tritiation of the translocator protein (18 kDa) selective ligand DPA‐714
Authors: Damont Annelaure , Garcia‐Argote Sébastien , Buisson David‐Alexandre , Rousseau Bernard , Dollé Frédéric
Published: January 2015

DPA‐714 (N,N‐diethyl‐2‐(2‐(4‐(2‐fluoroethoxy)phenyl)‐5,7‐dimethylpyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidin‐3‐yl)acetamide) is a recently discovered fluorinated ligand of the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO). Labelled with the short‐lived positron emitter fluorine‐18, this structure is today the radioligand of reference for in vivo imaging of microglia activation and neuroinflammatory processes with positron emission tomography. In the present work, an isotopically tritium‐labelled version was developed ([3H]DPA‐714), in order to access high resolution in vitro and ex vivo microscopic autoradiography studies, repeated and long‐lasting receptor binding studies and in vivo pharmacokinetic determination at late time points. Briefly, DPA‐714 as reference, and its 3,5‐dibrominated derivative as precursor for labelling, were both prepared from DPA‐713 in nonoptimized 32% (two steps) and 10% (three steps) yields, respectively. Reductive debromination using deuterium gas and Pd/C as catalyst in methanol, performed at the micromolar scale, confirmed the regioselective introduction of two deuterium atoms at the meta positions of the phenyl ring. Tritiodebromination was analogously performed using no‐carrier tritium gas. HPLC purification provided >96% radiochemically pure [3H]DPA‐714 (7 GBq) with a 2.1 TBq/mmol specific radioactivity. Interestingly, additional hydrogen‐for‐tritium exchanges were also observed at the 5‐methyl and 7‐methyl positions of the pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine, opening novel perspectives in the labelling of compounds featuring this heterocyclic core.
An empirical I‐V model of tunneling real‐space transfer transistors for monostable–bistable transition logic element application
Authors: Bai Fan , Li Liping
Published: January 2015

We proposed an empirical I‐V model to represent the negative differential resistance (NDR) regime of fabricated tunneling real‐space transfer transistors (TRSTTs). For TRSTTs to have great potential in monostable–bistable transition logic element (MOBILE) design, our model is able to accurately reproduce the NDR regime including gate‐source‐bias‐controlled NDR values and modulated peak to valley drain current ratios. The modeled I‐V curves, tranconductances, and NDRs with multiple gate biases are in good agreement with measured data. The key parameters in the model have clear physical meanings, and the value of these parameters is easy to be extracted directly from the test I‐V curves. The model is used to simulate a practical MOBILE, and excellent agreement between the simulated and measured data was found. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of Muscodor suthepensis strain CMU‐Cib462 as a postharvest biofumigant for tangerine fruit rot caused by Penicillium digitatum
Authors: Suwannarach Nakarin , Bussaban Boonsom , Nuangmek Wipornpan , Pithakpol Wasna , Jirawattanakul Bantoon , Matsui Kenji , Lumyong Saisamorn
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUND

This study investigated both the in vitro and in vivo biofumigant ability of the endophytic fungus Muscodor suthepensis CMU‐Cib462 to control Penicillium digitatum, the main cause of tangerine fruit rot.

RESULTS

Volatile compounds from M. suthepensis inhibited mycelial growth of the pathogen. The most abundant compound was 2‐methylpropanoic acid, followed by 3‐methylbutan‐1‐ol. They showed median effective doses (ED50) on P. digitatum growth of 74.91 ± 0.73 and 250.29 ± 0.29 µL L−1 airspace respectively. Rye grain was found to be a suitable solid medium for M. suthepensis inoculum production. The results indicated that mycofumigation with a 30 g rye grain culture of M. suthepensis for 12 h controlled tangerine fruit rot. The percentage weight loss and soluble solids concentration of fumigated tangerines were similar to those of non‐infected and non‐fumigated fruits.

CONCLUSION

Muscodor suthepensis has potential as a biofumigant for controlling postharvest disease of tangerine fruit. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Development of delayed bitterness and effect of harvest date in stored juice from two complex citrus hybrids
Authors: Raithore Smita , Dea Sharon , McCollum Greg , Manthey John A , Bai Jinhe , Leclair Clotilde , Hijaz Faraj , Narciso Jan A , Baldwin Elizabeth A , Plotto Anne
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUND

Mandarins and mandarin hybrids have excellent flavor and color attributes, making them good candidates for consumption as fresh fruit. When processed into juice, however, they are less palatable, as they develop delayed bitterness when stored for a period of time. In this study the kinetics of delayed bitterness in two citrus mandarin hybrid siblings, ‘Ambersweet’ and USDA 1‐105‐106, was explored by sensory and instrumental analyses. In addition to the bitter limonoids, other quality factors (i.e. sugars, acids, pH, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA) and the ratio SSC/TA) were also measured.

RESULTS

The two citrus hybrid siblings had different chemical profiles, which were perceived by taste panels. USDA 1‐105‐106 developed delayed bitterness when the juice was stored for more than 4 h, similar to juice from ‘Navel’ oranges, but ‘Ambersweet’ did not. Bitterness in ‘Ambersweet’ was more affected by harvest maturity, as juice from earlier harvest had lower SSC but higher TA and bitter limonoids.

CONCLUSION

Since juice of USDA 1‐105‐106 shows delayed bitterness when stored for more than 4 h, this cultivar is not suitable for juice processing. Our finding that siblings can differ in chemical and sensory properties emphasize the importance of post‐processing storage studies before releasing cultivars for juice. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Synthesis, Photophysical, and Morphological Properties of Azomethine‐Persylilated α‐Cyclodextrin Main‐Chain Polyrotaxane
Authors: Farcas Aurica , Resmerita Ana‐Maria , Aubert Pierre‐Henri , Ghosh Indrajit , Cantin Sophie , Nau Werner M.
Published: January 2015

The synthesis of 2‐rotaxane (3•TMS‐αCD) through a condensation reaction between 3,5–diamino‐1,2,4‐triazole encapsulated into hexakis(2,3,6‐trimethylsilyl) α‐cyclodextrin cavity (TMS‐αCD) and 1‐pyrenecarboxaldehyde is reported. The oxidative coupling of 3•TMS‐αCD afforded then pyrene‐triazole/TMS‐αCD PAMs polyrotaxane (4•TMS‐αCD) azomethine polyrotaxane. The optical, electrochemical, morphological, surface‐free energies, as well as transport properties of 3•TMS‐αCD and its corresponding 4•TMS‐αCD polyrotaxane have been investigated and compared with those of the reference polymer pyrene‐triazole azomethine. The polyrotaxane is soluble in toluene/dimethylformamide (DMF) 1:1, v/v, mixture and displays useful levels of thermal stability and higher fluorescence quantum yield (ΦPL) in DMF solutions. ΦPL improvement is further reflected in the fluorescence lifetime (τF), significantly longer than that of the starting monomer 3•TMS‐αCD (7.8 vs 0.89 ns). In addition, a smoother surface with the smaller grains uniformly distributed on the surface, as well as lower surface‐free energy, combined with energy gap (3.32 vs 3.76 eV) represent noticeable advantages of azomethine backbones encapsulation by TMS‐αCD.

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Free functioning gracilis transplantation for reconstruction of elbow and hand functions in late obstetric brachial plexus palsy
Authors: El‐Gammal Tarek A. , El‐Sayed Amr , Kotb Mohamed M. , Saleh Waleed Riad , Ragheb Yasser Farouk , Refai Omar , Morsy Mohamed Mohamed
Published: January 2015

Background: In late obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP), restoration of elbow and hand functions is a difficult challenge. The use of free functioning muscle transplantation in late OBPP was very scarcely reported. In this study, we present our experience on the use of free functioning gracilis transfer for restoration of elbow and hand functions in late cases of OBPP. Patients and Methods: Eighteen patients with late OBPP underwent free gracilis transfer for reconstruction of elbow and/or hand functions. The procedure was indicated when there was no evidence of reinnervation on EMG and in the absence of local donors. Average age at surgery was 102.5 months. Patients were evaluated using the British Medical Research Council (MRC) grading system and the Toronto Active Movement Scale. Hand function was evaluated by the Raimondi scoring system. Results: The average follow‐up was 65.8 ± 41.7 months. Contraction of the transferred gracilis started at an average of 4.5 ± 1.03 months. Average range of elbow flexion significantly improved from 30 ± 55.7 to 104 ± 31.6 degrees (P <0.001). Elbow flexion power significantly increased with an average of 3.8 grades (P = 0.000147). Passive elbow range of motion significantly decreased from an average of 147 to 117 degrees (P = 0.003). Active finger flexion significantly improved from 5 ± 8.3 to 63 ± 39.9 degrees (P < 0.001). Finger flexion power significantly increased with an average 2.7 grades (P < 0.001). Only 17% achieved useful hand (grade 3) on Raimondi hand score. Triceps reconstruction resulted in an average of M4 power and 45 degrees elbow extension. Conclusion: Free gracilis transfer may be a useful option for reconstruction of elbow and/or hand functions in late OBPP. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 35:350–355, 2015.
Super‐resolution reconstruction of diffusion parameters from diffusion‐weighted images with different slice orientations
Authors: Van Steenkiste Gwendolyn , Jeurissen Ben , Veraart Jelle , den Dekker Arnold J. , Parizel Paul M. , Poot Dirk H. J. , Sijbers Jan
Published: January 2015

Purpose

Diffusion MRI is hampered by long acquisition times, low spatial resolution, and a low signal‐to‐noise ratio. Recently, methods have been proposed to improve the trade‐off between spatial resolution, signal‐to‐noise ratio, and acquisition time of diffusion‐weighted images via super‐resolution reconstruction (SRR) techniques. However, during the reconstruction, these SRR methods neglect the q‐space relation between the different diffusion‐weighted images.

Method

An SRR method that includes a diffusion model and directly reconstructs high resolution diffusion parameters from a set of low resolution diffusion‐weighted images was proposed. Our method allows an arbitrary combination of diffusion gradient directions and slice orientations for the low resolution diffusion‐weighted images, optimally samples the q‐ and k‐space, and performs motion correction with b‐matrix rotation.

Results

Experiments with synthetic data and in vivo human brain data show an increase of spatial resolution of the diffusion parameters, while preserving a high signal‐to‐noise ratio and low scan time. Moreover, the proposed SRR method outperforms the previous methods in terms of the root‐mean‐square error.

Conclusion

The proposed SRR method substantially increases the spatial resolution of MRI that can be obtained in a clinically feasible scan time. Magn Reson Med 75:181–195, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sheep, Cattle, and Specialization: New Zooarchaeological Perspectives on the Taosi Longshan
Authors: Brunson K. , He N. , Dai X.
Published: January 2015

In this paper, we present a zooarchaeological analysis of the Longshan period sites of Taosi and Zhoujiazhuang (ca. 2300–1900 cal. BC) in southern Shanxi Province, China. We compare the faunal record at both sites in terms of the proportions of wild and domestic taxa; the slaughter patterns for the main domesticates; the types of bones used to produce utilitarian and decorative bone artifacts; and the types of bones used for ritual oracle bone divination. Differences in the faunal records at Taosi and Zhoujiazhuang provide insights into the connections between specialization and early urbanism. Our research also provides clues about how sheep and cattle pastoralism was initially adopted in the Yellow River Valley during the late 3rd millennium BC. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isotopic Evidence for Marine Consumption and Mobility in the Atacama Desert (Quillagua, Northern Chile)
Authors: Santana‐Sagredo F. , Hubbe M. , Uribe M.
Published: January 2015

Archaeological research in the Atacama Desert has recovered evidence of considerable cultural variability. This variability seems to have increased during the Late Intermediate Period (AD 950–1400). The oasis of Quillagua, located at the margins of the Loa River in northern Chile, between the Andes and the coast (70 km from the Pacific Ocean), has shown important evidence regarding this cultural diversity. The variety in the archaeological evidence found at Quillagua has been interpreted as the result of two different cultural influences at the oasis: the Pica‐Tarapacá who occupied the coastal and inland regions to the north of Quillagua and the Atacama who occupied the oasis and fertile areas southeast of Quillagua. Here, we present the results of stable carbon, nitrogen and oxygen isotope analyses of 23 individuals recovered from the Cementerio Oriente in Quillagua, in order to test whether the observed cultural variability is also reflected in diet and mobility patterns. Results from carbon and nitrogen isotope measurements indicate the importance of marine protein, as well as a contribution of maize in the diet of some individuals. Four individuals show low δ18O values, suggesting a possible highland or non‐local origin, whereas values for the remaining individuals are consistent with lowland populations. Together, the results support the idea that the Quillagua oasis represented an important site of interaction between the Tarapacá and Atacama cultures, with close contacts with the coast but also with the presence of individuals from the highlands. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Health Patterns of the Etruscan Population (6th–3rd Centuries bc) in Northern Italy: The Case of Spina
Authors: Manzon V. S. , Gualdi‐Russo E.
Published: January 2015

A sample of 303 skeletons from the Etruscan necropolis of Spina (Ferrara, Italy, 6th–3rd centuries bc) was examined for paleopathological lesions in order to assess the general health, diseases and quality of life of this Iron Age population. The observed pathologies included porotic hyperostosis, specific and aspecific infections, metabolic and endocrine disorders, tumours and osteoarthritis. A total of 46.7% of adults and 7.7% of subadults showed at least one pathological lesion. Statistical comparisons were made between sexes and adult‐age classes (20–35 years and >35 years) to analyse the prevalence of the lesions. The analysis of porotic hyperostosis and osteoperiostitis allowed to determine the general health status of this group, and the analysis of osteoarthritis allowed to hypothesise a gender division of labour. The results suggest a relatively high‐life expectancy for the time as well as good health and quality of life. The few specific infections and metabolic disorders indicate fairly good nutrition, while the high frequency of porotic hyperostosis can be partly linked to some type of hereditary anaemia. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In situ poly(sodium acrylate)‐based nanocomposite formation by redox‐initiated solution polymerization
Authors: Khanlari Samaneh , Dubé Marc A.
Published: January 2015

Polymer‐based nanocomposites have been widely investigated as a potential method to modify polymer and biopolymer properties. Poly(sodium acrylate) (PNaA)/nanosilver nanocomposites with 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 wt% nanofiller were prepared by in situ polymerization. The free radical, redox‐initiated, aqueous solution polymerization of NaOH‐neutralized acrylic acid was conducted in the presence of nanosilver. The progress of the polymerization was monitored using gravimetric conversion measurements. The addition of 0.5 wt% nanosilver to the polymerization resulted in a significant decrease in rate of polymerization The effect on rate was noticeably reduced when the experiment was repeated with nanoclay, a nonmetallic nanofiller, in lieu of nanosilver. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:1230–1236, 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Determination of surface energies and acidity‐basicity numbers of protonated and deprotonated forms of poly(sulfonic acid diphenyl aniline) by inverse gas chromatography
Authors: Yazici Ozlem , Karaman Ferdane
Published: January 2015

Protonated form of poly(sulfonic acid diphenyl aniline) (p‐PSDA) was synthesized through oxidative chemical polymerization of sodium salt of diphenylamino‐4‐sulfonic acid in hydrochloric acid and then, its deprotonated form (PSDA) was obtained by neutralization with aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution. The samples were characterized by thermal analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared, Ultraviolet‐visible, 1H‐NMR spectroscopy techniques. Their dispersive surface energies as well as surface acidity and basicity were determined by inverse gas chromatography at temperatures between 313 and 353 K. The dispersive surface energy of p‐PSDA was found to be considerably lower but it increased with temperature while that of PSDA was close to those of conventional polymers and decreased slightly with temperature. According to the Schreiber's procedure, the surfaces of p‐PSDA and PSDA were found to be acidic and amphoteric, respectively. It was observed from the electron microscope images p‐PSDA chains can form self‐organized circular polydisperse micro‐sized aggregates in aqueous solutions while PSDA cannot self‐organize to form individual aggregates. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:1246–1254, 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
A paired ions scoring algorithm based on Morpheus for simultaneous identification and quantification of proteome samples prepared by isobaric peptide termini labeling strategies
Authors: Zhang Shen , Wu Qi , Shan Yichu , Sui Zhigang , Zhang Lihua , Zhang Yukui
Published: January 2015

The isobaric peptide termini labeling (IPTL) method is a promising strategy in quantitative proteomics for its high accuracy, while the increased complexity of MS2 spectra originated from the paired b, y ions has adverse effect on the identification and the coverage of quantification. Here, a paired ions scoring algorithm (PISA) based on Morpheus, a database searching algorithm specifically designed for high‐resolution MS2 spectra, was proposed to address this issue. PISA was first tested on two 1:1 mixed IPTL datasets, and increases in peptide to spectrum matchings, distinct peptides and protein groups compared to Morpheus itself and MASCOT were shown. Furthermore, the quantification is simultaneously performed and 100% quantification coverage is achieved by PISA since each of the identified peptide to spectrum matchings has several pairs of fragment ions which could be used for quantification. Then the PISA was applied to the relative quantification of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines with high and low metastatic potentials prepared by an IPTL strategy.
Degradation of external quantum efficiency of AlGaN UV LEDs grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Shmidt Natalia , Usikov Alexander , Shabunina Eugenia , Chernyakov Anton , Sakharov Alexey , Kurin Sergey , Antipov Andrei , Barash Iosif , Roenkov Alexander , Helava Heikki , Makarov Yuri
Published: January 2015

A comparative study of the degradation of HVPE‐grown 360 nm AlGaN/GaN UV and commercially available InGaN/GaN blue LED chips was performed. The common feature of the degradation of these two types of LEDs was found to be the increase of the conductivity of shunt paths under current injection. The paths (shunts) are localized in the extended defects system (EDS). It is proposed that the conductivity increase is due to defect formation under multiphonon carriers recombination in a part of the EDS enriched by Ga or In atoms. This process is accompanied by a local overheating and migration of Ga or In atoms. To increase the lifetime of the AlGaN/GaN UV LEDs to more than 2000 h it is necessary to improve their nano‐structural and nanoscale AlGaN composition ordering. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Log‐normal distribution based Ensemble Model Output Statistics models for probabilistic wind‐speed forecasting
Authors: Baran Sándor , Lerch Sebastian
Published: January 2015

Ensembles of forecasts are obtained from multiple runs of numerical weather forecasting models with different initial conditions and typically employed to account for forecast uncertainties. However, biases and dispersion errors often occur in forecast ensembles: they are usually underdispersive and uncalibrated and require statistical post‐processing. We present an Ensemble Model Output Statistics (EMOS) method for calibration of wind‐speed forecasts based on the log‐normal (LN) distribution and we also show a regime‐switching extension of the model, which combines the previously studied truncated normal (TN) distribution with the LN.

Both models are applied to wind‐speed forecasts of the eight‐member University of Washington mesoscale ensemble, the 50 member European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ensemble and the 11 member Aire Limitée Adaptation dynamique Développement International‐Hungary Ensemble Prediction System (ALADIN‐HUNEPS) ensemble of the Hungarian Meteorological Service; their predictive performance is compared with that of the TN and general extreme value (GEV) distribution based EMOS methods and the TN–GEV mixture model. The results indicate improved calibration of probabilistic forecasts and accuracy of point forecasts in comparison with the raw ensemble and climatological forecasts. Further, the TN–LN mixture model outperforms the traditional TN method and its predictive performance is able to keep up with models utilizing the GEV distribution without assigning mass to negative values.
Bladder rupture – a rare complication of extraperitoneal balloon dissection during robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: Agrawal Vineet , Joseph Jean
Published: January 2015

Introduction

Balloon dissection to create the extraperitoneal space to facilitate laparoscopic procedures is generally a safe step. However, complications can include vascular and visceral injuries. Bladder injury during balloon dilation of extraperitoneal space has previously been described during herniorraphy. This is the first reported case of bladder injury during balloon dilation of the extraperitoneal space during robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy.

Methods

We report transection of bladder at the prostato‐vesical junction, during balloon dilation of extraperitoneal space, in a 66‐year‐old man undergoing extraperitoneal robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy.

Results

The patient had an uneventful procedure due to immediate recognition of this intra‐operative complication. At 6‐month follow‐up, he reports complete return of urinary continence and is free from biochemical recurrence from prostate cancer.

Discussion

Albeit uncommon, balloon‐related complications can occur. Surgeons performing extraperitoneal laparoscopic procedures should be aware of the range of potential complications specifically related to balloon dilation of extraperitoneal space. With experience, these complications can be mitigated. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biomechanical comparison of effects of the Dynesys and Coflex dynamic stabilization systems on range of motion and loading characteristics in the lumbar spine: a finite element study
Authors: Kulduk Ahmet , Altun Necdet S. , Senkoylu Alpaslan
Published: January 2015

Background

The primary purpose of dynamic stabilization is to preserve the normal range of motion (ROM) by restricting abnormal movement in the spine. Our aim was to analyze the effects of two different dynamic stabilization systems using finite element modeling (FEM).

Methods

Coflex and Dynesys dynamic devices were modeled and implanted at the L4‐L5 segment using virtual FEM. A 400 N compressive force combined with 6 N flexion, extension, bending and axial rotation forces was applied to the L3‐4 and L4‐5 segments. ROM and disc loading forces were analyzed.

Results

Both systems reduced ROM and disc loading forces at the implanted lumbar segment, with the exception of the Coflex interspinous device, which increased ROM by 19% and did not change disc‐loading forces in flexion.

Conclusions

The Coflex device prevented excessive disc loading, but increased ROM abnormally in flexion. Neither device provided satisfactory motion preservation or load sharing in other directions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of pressure on the growth of boron and nitrogen doped HFCVD diamond films on WC–Co substrate
Authors: Wang Liang , Shen Bin , Sun Fanghong , Zhang Zhiming
Published: January 2015

Boron and nitrogen compounds are added in the acetone/hydrogen gas mixture to deposit hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) diamond films on the cobalt cemented tungsten carbide (WC–Co) substrate under the pressure of 1–4 kPa. The as‐deposited diamond films are characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The results reveal that the surface morphology, growth rate, structure and quality of the diamond films vary with the pressure and the type of the impurity addition. The diamond grains tend to develop into the nanometer scale with the decrease of the pressure. However, adding of boron or nitrogen impurities in the gas mixture will weaken the nanocrystallization effect by reducing the carbon supersaturation. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that co‐adsorption of B and N containing radicals can favor the adsorption of CH3 on diamond (100) surface. Thus, at low pressure of 1 kPa, large grained cubic (100) facet diamond rather than typical nanometer diamond is produced for B–N co‐addition gas mixture. The present results appear to be useful to efficiently synthesize high quality doped diamonds with desirable properties for mechanical application. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymmetric cell division in the Drosophila bristle lineage: from the polarization of sensory organ precursor cells to Notch‐mediated binary fate decision
Authors: Schweisguth François
Published: January 2015

Asymmetric cell division (ACD) is a simple and evolutionary conserved process whereby a mother divides to generate two daughter cells with distinct developmental potentials. This process can generate cell fate diversity during development. Fate asymmetry may result from the unequal segregation of molecules and/or organelles between the two daughter cells. Here, I will review how fate asymmetry is regulated in the sensory bristle lineage in Drosophila and focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying ACD of the sensory organ precursor cells (SOPs). WIREs Dev Biol 2015, 4:299–309. doi: 10.1002/wdev.175

This article is categorized under:

Nervous System Development > Flies
Structural Chemistry of Tetracyanopyrrolide (Part 2): Spin Crossover in a Bis‐Tripodal Iron(II) Complex
Authors: Szafranowska Barbara , Landvogt Christian , Beck Johannes
Published: January 2015

The mononuclear iron(II) complex [Fe(tpm)2]2+(tcp–)2 (1) containing the neutral tripodal N3‐donor ligand tris(pyrazol‐1‐yl)methane (tpm) and the mononegative tetracyanopyrrolide (tcp) as counter‐anion was characterized by X‐ray diffraction on twinned crystals and investigated in the solid state by magnetic susceptibility measurements and differential scanning calorimetry. Structural investigations at 123 K reveal Fe–N distances typical for low‐spin d6 iron(II). Compound 1 undergoes a gradual, incomplete spin crossover in the examined temperature range 1.9–400 K. Comparisons are made with known analogous [Fe(tpm)2]2+(X–)2 compounds bearing different anions X, which display similar crossover behavior.
Radiosynthesis and in vivo evaluation of two imidazopyridineacetamides, [11C]CB184 and [11C]CB190, as a PET tracer for 18 kDa translocator protein: direct comparison with [11C](R)-PK11195
Authors: Hatano Kentaro , Sekimata Katsuhiko , Yamada Takashi , Abe Junichiro , Ito Kengo , Ogawa Mikako , Magata Yasuhiro , Toyohara Jun , Ishiwata Kiichi , Biggio Giovanni , Serra Mariangela , Laquintana Valentino , Denora Nunzio , Latrofa Andrea , Trapani Giuseppe , Liso Gaetano , Suzuki Hiromi , Sawada Makoto , Nomura Masahiko , Toyama Hiroshi
Published: January 2015

Objective

We report synthesis of two carbon-11 labeled imidazopyridines TSPO ligands, [11C]CB184 and [11C]CB190, for PET imaging of inflammatory process along with neurodegeneration, ischemia or brain tumor. Biodistribution of these compounds was compared with that of [11C]CB148 and [11C](R)-PK11195.

Methods

Both [11C]CB184 and [11C]CB190 having 11C-methoxyl group on an aromatic ring were readily prepared using [11C]methyl triflate. Biodistribution and metabolism of the compounds were examined with normal mice. An animal PET study using 6-hydroxydopamine treated rats as a model of neurodegeneration was pursued for proper estimation of feasibility of the radioligands to determine neuroinflammation process.

Results

[11C]CB184 and [11C]CB190 were obtained via O-methylation of corresponding desmethyl precursor using [11C]methyl triflate in radiochemical yield of 73 % (decay-corrected). In vivo validation as a TSPO radioligand was carried out using normal mice and lesioned rats. In mice, [11C]CB184 showed more uptake and specific binding than [11C]CB190. Metabolism studies showed that 36 % and 25 % of radioactivity in plasma remained unchanged 30 min after intravenous injection of [11C]CB184 and [11C]CB190, respectively. In the PET study using rats, lesioned side of the brain showed significantly higher uptake than contralateral side after i.v. injection of either [11C]CB184 or [11C](R)-PK11195. Indirect Logan plot analysis revealed distribution volume ratio (DVR) between the two sides which might indicate lesion-related elevation of TSPO binding. The DVR was 1.15 ± 0.10 for [11C](R)-PK11195 and was 1.15 ± 0.09 for [11C]CB184.

Conclusion

The sensitivity to detect neuroinflammation activity was similar for [11C]CB184 and [11C](R)-PK11195.
Interrogating and Constructing the ‘Authentic’ Roman Catholic Church: Feminist Perspectives Among Canadian Women Religious
Authors: Gervais Christine , Turenne Sjolander Claire
Published: January 2015

Based on qualitative interview and questionnaire data among 32 current and former women religious, this article explores the alternative constructions of the church by Canadian women religious and the corresponding practices they have engendered. It reviews the insights of feminist women religious with respect to their understandings and experiences of patriarchal structures and practices within the Roman Catholic Church, their resistance to, and dismissal of these structures and practices, and the construction of understandings and practices which, for the women religious in our study, more closely correspond to their vision of the ‘authentic’ church than to the hierarchical and patriarchal practices with which they are institutionally familiar. In so doing, we highlight examples of the sisters’ divergence from the patriarchal church, including their promotion and practice of feminist spirituality and activism. Our theoretical discussion of the constructions of the ‘authentic’ church within and alongside the hierarchical Catholic Church, as well as of the significance and challenges of these, are integrated throughout the recounting of the experiences of feminist women religious as they navigate the spaces they create in their relationship to the Church.
APPL1 endocytic adaptor as a fine tuner of Dvl2‐induced transcription
Authors: Banach-Orlowska Magdalena , Szymanska Ewelina , Miaczynska Marta
Published: January 2015

APPL1 is a multifunctional endocytic adaptor which acts at different steps of various signaling pathways. Here we report that APPL1 interacts with Dvl2, a protein known to activate the canonical and non‐canonical Wnt pathways. APPL1 synergizes with Dvl2 and potentiates transcription driven by AP‐1 transcription factors, specifically by c‐Jun, in non‐canonical Wnt signaling. This function of APPL1 requires its endosomal recruitment. Overproduction of APPL1 increases Dvl2‐mediated expression of AP‐1 target gene encoding metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) in a JNK‐dependent manner. Collectively, we propose a novel role of APPL1 as a positive regulator of Dvl2‐dependent transcriptional activity of AP‐1.
Characterization of the human TCAM1P pseudogene and its activation by a potential dual promoter–enhancer: Comparison with a protein‐coding mouse orthologue
Authors: Kurihara Misuzu , Kimura Atsushi P.
Published: January 2015

TCAM1P is a unitary pseudogene, which was disabled since the human–mouse divergence. Here we found that TCAM1P was specifically expressed in the human testis, with different cell type‐specificity from mouse Tcam1, and characterized its transcripts. At the mouse locus, a multifunctional dual promoter–enhancer (DPE) controls the expression of Tcam1 and Smarcd2 genes. The corresponding human sequence was found to potentially function as a DPE, although the molecular mechanism was different from mouse. Interestingly, the change in DPE activity occurred before pseudogenization of TCAM1P. These data suggest the presence of a DPE in the human genome for the first time, and provide an important model of evolutionary changes in the regulatory mechanism of a pseudogene.
Drag reduction in heated channels
Authors: Floryan Daniel , Floryan J. M.
Published: January 2015

It is known that the drag for flows driven by a pressure gradient in heated channels can be reduced below the level found in isothermal channels. This reduction occurs for spatially modulated heating and is associated with the formation of separation bubbles which isolate the main stream from direct contact with the solid wall. It is demonstrated that the use of a proper combination of spatially distributed and spatially uniform heating components results in an increase in the horizontal and vertical temperature gradients which lead to an intensification of convection which, in turn, significantly increases the drag reduction. An excessive increase of the uniform heating leads to breakup of the bubbles and the formation of complex secondary states, resulting in a deterioration of the system performance. This performance may, under certain conditions, still be better than that achieved using only spatially distributed heating. Detailed calculations have been carried out for the Prandtl number $\mathit{Pr}=0.71$ and demonstrate that this technique is effective for flows with a Reynolds number $\mathit{Re}<10$; faster flows wash away separation bubbles. The question of net gain remains to be settled as it depends on the method used to achieve the desired wall temperature and on the cost of the required energy. The presented results provide a basis for the design of passive flow control techniques utilizing heating patterns as controlling agents.
MHD Flow of a Jeffrey Fluid with Newtonian Heating
Authors: Farooq M. , Gull N. , Alsaedi A. , Hayat T.
Published: January 2015

The combined effects of Joule and Newtonian heating in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of Jeffrey fluid over a stretching cylinder with heat source/sink are addressed. Suitable transformations are considered to reduce the non-linear boundary layer partial differential equations into the ordinary differential equations. Convergent series solutions of the resulting dimensionless problems are obtained. Effects of emerging physical parameters on the velocity and temperature profiles are examined. Comparison between viscous and Jeffrey fluids for different cases of flat plate and cylinder is made. Numerical values of skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number are tabulated and analyzed for different values of emerging parameters.
Design of Water Distribution Networks via a Novel Fractional Succedaneum Shuffled Frog Leaping Method
Authors: Aghdam K. M. , Mirzaee I. , Pourmahmood N. , Aghababa M. P.
Published: January 2015

It is known that the design problem of water distribution networks (WDNs) is an NP-hard combinatorial problem which cannot be easily solved using traditional mathematical numerical methods. On the other hand, fractional calculus, which is a generalization of the classical integer-order calculus, involves some interesting features such as having memory of past events. Based on the concept of fractional calculus, this paper proposes the use of a new version of heuristic shuffled frog leaping (SFL) algorithm for solving the optimal design problem of WDNs. In order to increase the convergence speed of the original SFL algorithm, a history of past events is added to the SFL updating formula. Moreover, some memeplexes of the original SFL method are altered to increase the diversification property of the SFL which helps the algorithm to avoid trapping in local optima. The new version of the SFL algorithm is called fractional succedaneum momentum shuffled frog leaping (FSSFL) method. The proposed FSSFL is applied for designing WDNs. Four illustrative and examples are presented to show the efficiency and superiority of the introduced FSSFL compared to the other well-known heuristic algorithms.
Nonlinear Vibration Analysis of Membrane SAR Antenna Structure Adopting a Vector Form Intrinsic Finite Element
Authors: Xu R. , Li D.-X. , Jiang J.-P. , Liu W.
Published: January 2015

This study adopted the Vector Form Intrinsic Finite Element (VFIFE) method to study the nonlinear vibration of the membrane SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) antenna structure. As the dynamic characteristic of the antenna is mainly determined by the support frame, it can be simplified as an axially loaded cantilever beam. The linear and geometrically nonlinear models of the axially loaded cantilever beam are established. The beam is modeled as discrete mass points which are connected by deformable elements through VFIFE method. A statics analysis is first presented to verify the VFIFE method. Then effects of the geometrical nonlinearity and axial load are investigated. It is believed that the presented study is valuable for better understanding the influences of the geometrical nonlinearity and axial load of the cantilever beam on the structural vibration characteristics.
Specific leaf area development of autumn-sown sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) on different sowing dates in northern Germany
Authors: STEPHAN H. , BÖTTCHER U. , KAGE H.
Published: January 2015

In most regions, sugar beet is normally sown as a spring crop. If sown in autumn the crop remains on the field over winter and may achieve fast re-growth in spring from assimilates stored within the beet, allowing earlier leaf growth and light interception in spring. The specific leaf area (SLA) (ratio between leaf surface and leaf mass) is mainly affected by leaf area expansion and consequently affects productivity in early growth stages. The aim of the present study was (i) to examine the SLA dynamics of autumn-sown sugar beet before and after winter and (ii) to develop an empiric approach describing SLA changes during the growth period. A field trial in northern Germany with three different sowing times (mid-April, mid-June and mid-August) and varying plant densities (148 000, 246 000 and 370 000 plants/ha) was carried out in 2009/10 to 2011/12. The average SLA of the canopy was the highest (>25 m2/kg) directly after emergence, then decreased until autumn (<13 m2/kg) and increased again up to 20 m2/kg during re-growth of winter sugar beet in spring. A stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed mean photosynthetically active radiation over 10 days before measurement (PARmean), leaf area index (LAI), mean temperature over 10 days before measurement (Tmean) and temperature sum since sowing (Tsum) as the main influences on SLA dynamics. The strongest correlation to SLA was shown by Tmean (r = 0·69) and the weakest by Tsum (r = −0·28). A multiple linear regression model was fitted to the dataset with Tmean, PARmean and log (Tsum) achieving an adjusted R2 of 0·64. This empirical equation is suitable for use in a crop growth model for winter sugar beet.
The Violent Citizens of the American South
Authors: BAKER BRUCE E.
Published: January 2015

The three books reviewed here each examine the American South with one central idea in mind: violence, citizenship, and the Atlantic world. The first two seem quite primal ideas, the sort of things historians have been using for ages, and even the Atlantic world is getting rather long in the tooth now. However, each of these three books, in different ways, demonstrates new ways of thinking about ideas central to our understandings of the South and, at their best, make the familiar strange, giving us new ways to understand an old region. Since two of them are edited collections, it probably makes best sense to take them up first, leaving the monograph for later.
Success in Global Venture Capital Investing: Do Institutional and Cultural Differences Matter?
Authors: Nahata Rajarishi , Hazarika Sonali , Tandon Kishore
Published: January 2015

We analyze the impact of institutional and cultural differences on success in global venture capital (VC) investing. In both developed and emerging economies, superior legal rights (and enforcement) and better developed stock markets significantly enhance VC performance. Remarkably, cultural distance between countries of the portfolio company and its lead investorpositivelyaffects VC success. Further analysis reveals that cultural differences create incentives for rigorous ex ante screening, improving VC performance. Finally, local VC participation enhances success and mitigates foreign VCs’ “liability of foreignness,” albeit only in developed economies. Our findings follow from analyzing VC investments in nearly 10,000 companies across 30 countries.
Corporate Governance and Innovation: Theory and Evidence
Authors: Sapra Haresh , Subramanian Ajay , Subramanian Krishnamurthy V.
Published: January 2015

We develop a theory to show how external and internal corporate governance mechanisms affect innovation. We predict a U-shaped relation between innovation and external takeover pressure, which arises from the interaction between expected takeover premia and private benefits of control. Using ex ante and ex post innovation measures, we find strong empirical support for the predicted relation. We exploit the variation in takeover pressure created by the passage of antitakeover laws across different states. Innovation is fostered either by an unhindered market for corporate control or by antitakeover laws that are severe enough to effectively deter takeovers.
Taking the Twists into Account: Predicting Firm Bankruptcy Risk with Splines of Financial Ratios
Authors: Giordani Paolo , Jacobson Tor , Schedvin Erik von , Villani Mattias
Published: January 2015

We demonstrate improvements in predictive power when introducing spline functions to take account of highly nonlinear relationships between firm failure and leverage, earnings, and liquidity in a logistic bankruptcy model. Our results show that modeling excessive nonlinearities yields substantially improved bankruptcy predictions, on the order of 70%–90%, compared with a standard logistic model. The spline model provides several important and surprising insights into nonmonotonic bankruptcy relationships. We find that low-leveraged as well as highly profitable firms are riskier than those given by a standard model, possibly a manifestation of credit rationing and excess cash-flow volatility.
The significance of the tail projections in female entomopathogenic nematodes within the family Steinernematidae
Authors: Mráček Z. , Půža V. , Nermut' J.
Published: January 2015

Several taxonomic studies of the entomopathogenic nematode family Steinernematidae have reported on the minute tail projections on the tail tips of females of the first generation; however, the occurrence and morphology of these traits in other steinernematid species and their taxonomic significance are still unclear. In the present study, the tail projections in females of seven steinernematid species belonging to four phylogenetic clades were examined. The projections are present in all of the tested species and their number and shape is consistent within species but significantly differs among species. It thus seems that these structures may have taxonomic significance at the species level. Based on these results, we suggest that every description of a new species in the family Steinernematidae should contain a precise morphology of the female tail, focused on these projections, using both light and scanning electron microscopy.