bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proposed basic timetables for expedited arbitration
Authors: Webster Tom
Published: January 2023

This article sets out two basic procedural timetables for the hearing of arbitration within 6 months after the constitution of the Tribunal and rendering of an award within 30 days thereafter. Two of the key complaints about international arbitration relate to time and costs. In the author’s view, these can be addressed by moving away from what have become the default timetables for international commercial arbitration. In this respect, the most obvious issue is the 2-month documentary production period. However, that is not the only issue, and documentary production has a role in arbitration. Another issue relates to expert evidence. A further issue relates to defining the issues and having input from the Tribunal regarding the issues prior to the evidentiary hearing. Yet another issue relates to the conduct of the evidentiary hearing itself. And a final issue is the time to finalize the Award. These expedited procedural timetables are based on the adversarial rather than the inquisitorial approach, although with the active participation of the Tribunal in the evidentiary hearing. They are intended to be used for mid-sized or larger arbitrations with a three-member Tribunal, although they could be used for smaller arbitrations or with a Sole Arbitrator.
“How crazy is your maid?” Domestic workers in the “new India”
Authors: Sarkar Sreela
Published: January 2023

India is celebrated as one of the largest emerging economies but domestic workers remain a large workforce that is unorganized and exploited. As the figure of the “maid” changes in contemporary popular culture, how do more elite, middle-class employers understand domestic workers in the “new India?” This article draws on inter-textual discussions on social media platforms such as Quora and Twitter where most discussants are urban, class and caste privileged, and display Hindu nationalist identities. It examines representation of recent conflicts at large condominium complexes to argue that new infrastructure projects become a crucial terrain on which class, caste and religion-based struggles are mapped, Second, it focuses on popular narratives of “entrepreneurship” for domestic workers and argues that these narratives worsen structural inequities. Finally, it studies new technology as a means of creating inclusion for domestic workers that serve to further mark them by class, caste and other marginalized identities.
Simulation in cardiac critical care
Authors: Yuen Tiffany , Brindley Peter G , Senaratne Janek M
Published: January 2023

Medical simulation is a broad topic but at its core is defined as any effort to realistically reproduce a clinical procedure, team, or situation. Its goal is to allow risk-free practice-until-perfect, and in doing so, augment performance, efficiency, and safety. In medicine, even complex clinical situations can be dissected into reproducible parts that may be repeated and mastered, and these iterative improvements can add up to major gains. With our modern cardiac intensive care units treating a growing number of medically complex patients, the need for well-trained personnel, streamlined care pathways, and quality teamwork is imperative for improved patient outcomes. Simulation is therefore a potentially life-saving tool relevant to anyone working in cardiac intensive care. Accordingly, we believe that simulation is a priority for cardiac intensive care, not just a luxury. We offer the following primer on simulation in the cardiac intensive care environment.
Exercise-induced right ventricular cardiomyopathy in an endurance cyclist: a case report
Authors: Clark James , Bakhit Yasir , Motwani Manish
Published: January 2023

Background

The wide-ranging benefits of frequent and moderate exercise are well recorded in the literature. Chronic deleterious remodelling in response to exercise is less well described. We describe an amateur endurance cyclist who, in addition to developing a heart failure syndrome and electrocardiographic evidence of arrhythmia, also developed severe functional tricuspid regurgitation.

Case summary

After developing palpitations during long distance cycle rides as part of his fitness regimen, a 69-year-old male presented to emergency services but was discharged. While continuing to enjoy long-distance cycling, he began to develop peripheral swelling and presented for a second time to hospital. Subsequent investigation found he had a dilated right heart, exercise-induced arrhythmia, and mid-wall myocardial fibrosis. A diagnosis of exercise-induced cardiomyopathy was made. He was managed with diuretics and immediate cessation of exercise. His symptoms improved and he remains symptom free.

Discussion

The volume of blood passing through the right heart increases during exercise. In vulnerable individuals undertaking frequent endurance exercise, this can promote structural remodelling and fibrotic change. It is unclear if cessation of exercise can reverse the remodelled heart. There are some early advances in predictive biomarkers and imaging techniques in categorizing those in the population who would be at risk of developing this cardiomyopathy, and those who can undergo intense exercise regimens without concern. If those at risk of developing an exercise-induced cardiomyopathy can be accurately identified, the next dilemma is how can their risk of heart failure or sudden death be acceptably minimized.
Complex indebtedness: justice and the crisis of liberal order
Authors: Sabaratnam Meera , Laffey Mark
Published: January 2023

A prominent feature of the contemporary crisis of the liberal international order is diverse calls for justice, including epistemic and historic justice. For a long time, that order understood itself in liberal terms and as capable of delivering justice accordingly. Asking a second-order question, about how questions of justice are framed in the international order, leads us to the conclusion that the liberal order's account of the connections that make the system hang together is partial, if not deeply flawed. Building on long-established and more recent traditions of scholarship aligned with the global South, we introduce a different account of international order and its core dynamics: complex indebtedness. Such an account enables not only a better appreciation of the justice claims currently being made in and against the liberal international order, it also more plausibly explains their origins, interconnections, and multiscalar and polymorphic character. By facing squarely the political parameters of indebtedness, we can make better sense of how to approach claims for justice in the present and future. The argument is illustrated with the examples of struggles for racial justice, white nationalism and South–South co-operation.
Recognizing injustice: the ‘hypocrisy charge’ and the future of the liberal international order
Authors: Lawson George , Zarakol Ayşe
Published: January 2023

Struggles for recognition, rooted in the desire to be acknowledged by others, are fundamental to the stability of international orders. All international orders face actors with recognition grievances, and sometimes these grievances become major sources of contention. At the same time, each international order faces struggles that are specific to its mode of legitimation because they are rooted in challenges over the constituent elements of that order. The liberal international order (LIO) is no exception to this rule. Unlike international orders that are organized through explicit social hierarchies, the LIO claims to foster egalitarian, meritocratic justice based around universal, ‘rational’ standards. Yet it is clear to many actors around the world that the LIO has historically been, and remains today, premised on ‘irrational’, unjust forms of hierarchical recognition, often organized around group identity. This opens up the LIO to charges of hypocrisy. We trace the ways in which this ‘hypocrisy charge’ is levelled by both LIO ‘outsiders’ and ‘insiders’, arguing that it generates an irresolvable tension within the LIO. This tension may not spell the end of the LIO, but it does point to a period of extended contention.
Coding protection: ‘cyber humanitarian interventions’ for preventing mass atrocities
Authors: Neilsen Rhiannon
Published: January 2023

In the contemporary digital age, mass atrocity crimes are increasingly promoted and organized online. Social media, encrypted chatrooms and messaging apps have been employed (by regimes and non-state actors alike) to stoke racial and political division, recruit sympathizers and facilitate atrocities. At the same time, there is increasing evidence of the power and promise of offensive cyberspace operations in conflict. Despite the parallel attention afforded to atrocity prevention and cyber operations (respectively), the overlap between these two scholarly investigations is thin. In fact, almost no attention has been afforded to the question of whether proactive cyberspace operations might be used for human protection purposes—specifically, to prevent genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and ethnic cleansing. In this article, I introduce the concept of ‘cyber humanitarian interventions’—the use of sophisticated cyber operations to frustrate perpetrators' means and motivations for mass atrocities—as a new tool in the atrocity prevention toolbox. This article therefore seeks to initiate a research agenda that considers how cyber humanitarian interventions could be used for human protection in the twenty-first century. Such an investigation is particularly timely and policy relevant, as international responses to violence have been mixed, and—in the absence of political will for costly armed military interventions—many atrocities continue unabated.
Wedge resection is an acceptable treatment option for radiologically low-grade lung cancer with solid predominance
Authors: Kamigaichi Atsushi , Mimae Takahiro , Tsubokawa Norifumi , Miyata Yoshihiro , Adachi Hiroyuki , Shimada Yoshihisa , Ito Hiroyuki , Ikeda Norihiko , Okada Morihito
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVES

This study aimed to determine the clinical characteristics for predicting low-grade cancer in radiologically solid predominant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and compare the survival outcomes of wedge resection with those of anatomical resection for patients with and without these characteristics.

METHODS

Consecutive patients with clinical stages IA1–IA2 NSCLC showing radiologically solid predominance ≤2 cm at 3 institutions were retrospectively evaluated. Low-grade cancer was defined as the absence of nodal involvement and blood vessel, lymphatic and pleural invasion. The predictive criteria for low-grade cancer were established by multivariable analysis. The prognosis of wedge resection was compared with that of anatomical resection for patients who met the criteria, using the propensity score-matched analysis.

RESULTS

Among 669 patients, multivariable analysis showed that ground-glass opacity (GGO) (P < 0.001) on thin-section computed tomography and an increased maximum standardized uptake value on 18-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (P < 0.001) were independent predictors of low-grade cancer. The predictive criteria were defined as GGO presence and maximum standardized uptake value ≤1.1 (specificity: 97.8%, sensitivity: 21.4%). In the propensity score-matched pairs (n = 189), overall survival (P = 0.41) and relapse-free survival (P = 0.18) were not significantly different between patients who underwent wedge resection and anatomical resection among those who fulfilled the criteria.

CONCLUSIONS

The radiologic criteria for GGO and a low maximum standardized uptake value could predict low-grade cancer, even in solid-dominant NSCLC sized ≤2 cm. Wedge resection could be an acceptable surgical option for patients with radiologically predicted indolent NSCLC showing a solid-dominant appearance.
Intracardiac bone cement embolism resulting in ventricular perforation: an unusual cause of sudden chest pain
Authors: Schmiady Martin O , Possner Mathias , Horisberger Thomas , Ouda Ahmed
Published: January 2023

Leakage of bone cement is a known complication after percutaneous kyphoplasty. In rare cases, bone cement can reach the venous system and cause life-threatening embolism. We present the case of a 73-year-old male, who was admitted to our hospital with new-onset chest pain and dyspnoea. He had a history of percutaneous kyphoplasty. Multimodal imaging showed intracardiac cement embolism in the right ventricle with penetration of the interventricular septum and perforation of the apex. The bone cement was successfully removed during open cardiac surgery.
Metastasectomy for colorectal pulmonary metastases: a survey among members of the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons
Authors: van Dorp Martijn , Gonzalez Michel , Daddi Niccolò , Batirel Hasan F , Brunelli Alessandro , Schreurs Wilhelmina H
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVES

Surgical management of pulmonary metastases in colorectal cancer patients is a debated topic. There is currently no consensus on this matter, which sparks considerable risk for international practice variation. The European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS) ran a survey to assess current clinical practices and to determine criteria for resection among ESTS members.

METHODS

All ESTS members were invited to complete an online questionnaire of 38 questions on current practice and management of pulmonary metastases in colorectal cancer patients.

RESULTS

In total, 308 complete responses were received (response rate: 22%) from 62 countries. Most respondents consider that pulmonary metastasectomy for colorectal pulmonary metastases improves disease control (97%) and improves patients’ survival (92%). Invasive mediastinal staging in case of suspicious hilar or mediastinal lymph nodes is indicated (82%). Wedge resection is the preferred type of resection for a peripheral metastasis (87%). Minimally invasive approach is the preferred approach (72%). For a centrally located colorectal pulmonary metastasis, the preferred form of treatment is a minimally invasive anatomical resection (56%). During metastasectomy, 67% of respondents perform mediastinal lymph node sampling or dissection. Routine chemotherapy is rarely or never given following metastasectomy (57% of respondents).

CONCLUSIONS

This survey among the ESTS members underlines the change in practice of pulmonary metastasectomy with an increasing tendency in favour of minimally invasive metastasectomy and surgical resection is preferred over other types of local treatment. Criteria for resectability vary and controversy remains regarding lymph node assessment and the role of adjuvant treatment.
System and facility readiness assessment for conducting active surveillance of adverse events following immunization in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Zeleke Eden Dagnachew , Yimer Getnet , Lisanework Leuel , Chen Robert T , Huang Wan-Ting , Wang Shu-Hua , Bennett Sarah D , Makonnen Eyasu
Published: January 2023

Background

To help distinguish vaccine-related adverse events following immunization (AEFI) from coincidental occurrences, active vaccine pharmacovigilance (VP) prospective surveillance programs are needed. From February to May 2021, we assessed the system and facility readiness for implementing active AEFI VP surveillance in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods

Selected hospitals were assessed using a readiness assessment tool with scoring measures. The site assessment was conducted via in-person interviews within the specific departments in each hospital. We evaluated the system readiness with a desk review of AEFI guidelines, Expanded Program for Immunization Guidelines and Ethiopian Food and Drug Administration and Ethiopian Public Health Institute websites.

Results

Of the hospitals in Addis Ababa, 23.1% met the criteria for our site assessment. During the system readiness assessment, we found that essential components were in place. However, rules, regulations and proclamations pertaining to AEFI surveillance were absent. Based on the tool, the three hospitals (A, B and C) scored 60.6% (94/155), 48.3% (75/155) and 40% (62/155), respectively.

Conclusions

Only one of three hospitals assessed in our evaluation scored >50% for readiness to implement active AEFI surveillance. We also identified the following areas for improvement to ensure successful implementation: training, making guidelines and reporting forms available and ensuring a system that accommodates paper-based and electronic-based recording systems.
Correlative light and volume electron microscopy to study brain development
Authors: Hayashi Shuichi , Ohno Nobuhiko , Knott Graham , Molnár Zoltán
Published: January 2023

Recent advances in volume electron microscopy (EM) have been driving our thorough understanding of the brain architecture. Volume EM becomes increasingly powerful when cells and their subcellular structures that are imaged in light microscopy are correlated to those in ultramicrographs obtained with EM. This correlative approach, called correlative light and volume electron microscopy (vCLEM), is used to link three-dimensional ultrastructural information with physiological data such as intracellular Ca2+ dynamics. Genetic tools to express fluorescent proteins and/or an engineered form of a soybean ascorbate peroxidase allow us to perform vCLEM using natural landmarks including blood vessels without immunohistochemical staining. This immunostaining-free vCLEM has been successfully employed in two-photon Ca2+ imaging in vivo as well as in studying complex synaptic connections in thalamic neurons that receive a variety of specialized inputs from the cerebral cortex. In this mini-review, we overview how volume EM and vCLEM have contributed to studying the developmental processes of the brain. We also discuss potential applications of genetic manipulation of target cells using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats–associated protein 9 and subsequent volume EM to the analysis of protein localization as well as to loss-of-function studies of genes regulating brain development. We give examples for the combinatorial usage of genetic tools with vCLEM that will further enhance our understanding of regulatory mechanisms underlying brain development.
A retrospective assessment of real-world experience with venetoclax and azacitidine therapy in elderly acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Hu Rong-Hua , Su Li , Lan Xiao-Xi , Chang Xiao-Li , Hui Wu-Han , Guo Yi-Xian , Zhao Hong , Zhang Yue , Sun Wan-Ling
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to examine the effect of venetoclax coupled with azacytidine in treating older adults with relapsed and refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The clinical data of 10 senior patients with AML over 65 years old who were treated with venetoclax and azacytidine, including six patients with R/R AML, were retrospectively evaluated. This study comprised seven males and three females with a median age of 71 years. Five patients had at least one relapse, and one patient did not achieve remission after four cycles of azacytidine monotherapy, considering it resistant. AML with myelodysplasia-related changes was found in four cases. One of the 10 patients died early after 1–13 cycles of venetoclax plus azacytidine treatment due to a protracted period of neutropenia and severe lung infection induced by medications. Six of the remaining nine patients, including six R/R patients, achieved a complete remission (CR) or a CR with incomplete hematologic recovery (CRi). After two cycles of therapy, one patient did not react. Neutropenia lasted an average of 10.5 (6–15) days in all patients, with the most severe cases occurring in the second and third weeks of therapy. Three patients who tested positive for the TP53 gene mutation had the following outcomes: One relapsed patient has been in progression-free remission (PFS) for the past 24 months, whereas another has been in full remission but relapsed 2 months later. Another patient experienced complete remission in myelology for 4 months, but the variable allele fraction (VAF) value steadily rose, suggesting that the illness was on the verge of progressing. IDH2 gene alterations were found in three of four patients who obtained maintained CR for more than 18 months following recurrence. Venetoclax in combination with azacytidine is a successful and well-tolerated therapy for R/R AML in the elderly. Venetoclax and azacytidine may help patients with TP53 mutations and reduce VAF. The IDH2 mutation might be a good predictor of veneclax sensitivity. A notable adverse response in the treatment phase of the regimen is severe infection induced by neutropenia.
Unaffected retinal function in eyes with toxic anterior segment syndrome evaluated by full-field electroretinography
Authors: Tanikawa Atsuhiro , Suzuki Keita , Mizuguchi Tadashi , Shimada Yoshiaki , Horiguchi Masayuki
Published: January 2023

A 60-year-old woman was suspected of having developed infectious endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. Corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was 20/25 in the affected eye with hypopyon and fibrin. Electroretinography (ERG) was normal except for slightly reduced dark-adapted (DA) 0.01 ERG. Anterior chamber irrigation detected no causative organism. Similarly, a 65-year-old woman was suspected of having developed infectious endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. CDVA was 20/100 in the affected eye with hypopyon and vitreous opacity. ERG was normal except for subtly decreased, but not delayed, DA 0.01 and 3 ERGs. Vitrectomy was performed, but no causative organism was detected. Both cases were diagnosed with toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS) based on the aforementioned findings and because their intraocular lenses were linked to known TASS outbreaks in Japan. Retinal function was not affected in these cases with TASS.
Intravitreal moxifloxacin in treatment of postcataract endophthalmitis
Authors: Ayash Jad G. , Wahab Charbel H. , Sammouh Fady K. , Warrak Elias L.
Published: January 2023

Postcataract endophthalmitis is a well-known and feared complication that might lead to a devastating outcome for the diseased eye. A case of postcataract extraction endophthalmitis treated with an intravitreal moxifloxacin injection prepared from commercially available preservative-free topical eyedrops (Vigamox), achieving 20/20 corrected distance visual acuity posttreatment is reported. A 70-year-old woman was found to have endophthalmitis in the left eye with hand motion vision on day 8 postcataract extraction. Accordingly, tap-and-inject procedure was performed using 0.05 mL of 0.5% moxifloxacin aspirated directly from a sealed eyedrop bottle and injected intravitreally. Forty-eight hours later, a similar second injection was given. The patient improved progressively and reached 20/20 vision 2 months later.
Upneeq for the treatment of speculum-induced blepharoptosis
Authors: Safi Mustafa , Bacharach Jason
Published: January 2023

There are many different etiologies of blepharoptosis. Speculum-induced blepharoptosis can occur after intraocular surgery. A series of patients whose speculum-induced blepharoptosis was successfully treated with the recently U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved drug Upneeq (oxymetazoline hydrochloride 0.1% ophthalmic solution, RVL Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) is presented.
Renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava thrombus: did we make progress in oncologic outcomes and complications?
Authors: Gold Samuel , Taylor Jacob , Margulis Vitaly
Published: January 2023

Purpose of review

Surgery for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus (TT) remains one of the most complex surgeries performed with high rates of associated complications and perioperative mortality. Surgical techniques and neoadjuvant therapies have an important role to play in improving outcomes. This review provides a narrative analysis of recent literature on patients with RCC and TT.

Recent findings

Several imaging techniques are emerging that may improve diagnostic staging of tumor thrombus level. Robotic approaches to surgical resection for all thrombi levels is feasible and safe, while longer term outcomes for higher level thrombi continues to mature. Early data on neoadjuvant immunotherapy and radiotherapy have shown improvements in complication rates and intermediate term oncologic outcomes.

Data suggests that neoadjuvant therapies and minimally invasive techniques may improve outcomes in patients undergoing surgical resection for RCC with tumor thrombus. Larger multiinstitutional series are needed to confirm the benefit of these techniques as well as the durable long term oncologic outcomes.
Developing a National Trauma Research Action Plan: Results from the trauma systems and informatics panel Delphi survey
Authors: Haut Elliott R. , Kirby John P. , Bailey Jeffrey A. , Phuong Jimmy , Gavitt Brian , Remick Kyle N. , Staudenmayer Kristan , Cannon Jeremy W. , Price Michelle A. , Bulger Eileen M. ,   the National Trauma Research Action Plan (NTRAP) Trauma Systems and Informatics Panel
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 2016 report on the trauma care system recommended establishing a National Trauma Research Action Plan to strengthen and guide future trauma research. To address this recommendation, the Department of Defense funded a study to generate a comprehensive research agenda spanning the trauma and burn care continuum. Panels were created to conduct a gap analysis and identify high-priority research questions. The National Trauma Research Action Plan panel reported here addressed trauma systems and informatics.

METHODS

Experts were recruited to identify current gaps in trauma systems research, generate research questions, and establish the priorities using an iterative Delphi survey approach from November 2019 through August 2020. Panelists were identified to ensure heterogeneity and generalizability, including military and civilian representation. Panelists were encouraged to use a PICO format to generate research questions: patient/population, intervention, compare/control, and outcome. In subsequent surveys, panelists prioritized each research question on a 9-point Likert scale, categorized as low-, medium-, and high-priority items. Consensus was defined as ≥60% agreement.

RESULTS

Twenty-seven subject matter experts generated 570 research questions, of which 427 (75%) achieved the consensus threshold. Of the consensus reaching questions, 209 (49%) were rated high priority, 213 (50%) medium priority, and 5 (1%) low priority. Gaps in understanding the broad array of interventions were identified, including those related to health care infrastructure, technology products, education/training, resuscitation, and operative intervention. The prehospital phase of care was highlighted as an area needing focused research.

CONCLUSION

This Delphi gap analysis of trauma systems and informatics research identified high-priority research questions that will help guide investigators and funding agencies in setting research priorities to continue to work toward Zero Preventable Deaths after trauma.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

Therapeutic/Care Management; Level IV.
Supramolecular fibrous hydrogel augmentation of uterosacral ligament suspension for treatment of pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Miller Beverly , Wolfe Wiley , Gentry James L. , Grewal M. Gregory , Highley Christopher B. , De Vita Raffaella , Vaughan Monique H. , Caliari Steven R.
Published: January 2023

Uterosacral ligament suspension (USLS) is a common surgical treatment for pelvic organ prolapse (POP). However, the relatively high failure rate of up to 40% underscores a strong clinical need for complementary treatment strategies, such as biomaterial augmentation. Herein, we describe the first hydrogel biomaterial augmentation of USLS in a recently established rat model using an injectable fibrous hydrogel composite. Supramolecularly-assembled hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel nanofibers encapsulated in a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-degradable HA hydrogel create an injectable scaffold showing excellent biocompatibility and hemocompatibility. The hydrogel can be successfully delivered and localized to the suture sites of the USLS procedure, where it gradually degrades over 6 weeks.In situmechanical testing 24 weeks post-operative in the multiparous USLS rat model shows the ultimate load (load at failure) to be 1.70 ± 0.36 N for the intact uterosacral ligament (USL), 0.89 ± 0.28 N for the USLS repair, and 1.37 ± 0.31 N for the USLS + hydrogel (USLS+H) repair (n= 8). These results indicate that the hydrogel composite significantly improves load required for tissue failure compared to the standard USLS, even after the hydrogel degrades, and that this hydrogel-based approach could potentially reduce the high failure rate associated with USLS procedures.
The multimodal action of G alpha q in coordinating growth and homeostasis in theDrosophilawing imaginal disc
Authors: Velagala Vijay , Soundarrajan Dharsan K. , Unger Maria F. , Gazzo David , Kumar Nilay , Li Jun , Zartman Jeremiah
Published: January 2023

Background

G proteins mediate cell responses to various ligands and play key roles in organ development. Dysregulation of G-proteins or Ca2+signaling impacts many human diseases and results in birth defects. However, the downstream effectors of specific G proteins in developmental regulatory networks are still poorly understood.

Methods

We employed the Gal4/UAS binary system to inhibit or overexpressGαqin the wing disc, followed by phenotypic analysis. Immunohistochemistry and next-gen RNA sequencing identified the downstream effectors and the signaling cascades affected by the disruption of Gαq homeostasis.

Results

Here, we characterized how the G protein subunit Gαq tunes the size and shape of the wing in the larval and adult stages of development. Downregulation ofGαqin the wing disc reduced wing growth and delayed larval development.Gαqoverexpression is sufficient to promote global Ca2+waves in the wing disc with a concomitant reduction in theDrosophilafinal wing size and a delay in pupariation. The reduced wing size phenotype is further enhanced when downregulating downstream components of the core Ca2+signaling toolkit, suggesting that downstream Ca2+signaling partially ameliorates the reduction in wing size. In contrast,Gαq-mediated pupariation delay is rescued by inhibition of IP3R, a key regulator of Ca2+signaling. This suggests that Gαq regulates developmental phenotypes through both Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-independent mechanisms. RNA seq analysis shows that disruption of Gαq homeostasis affects nuclear hormone receptors, JAK/STAT pathway, and immune response genes. Notably, disruption of Gαq homeostasis increases expression levels of Dilp8, a key regulator of growth and pupariation timing.

Conclusion

Gαq activity contributes to cell size regulation and wing metamorphosis. Disruption to Gαq homeostasis in the peripheral wing disc organ delays larval development through ecdysone signaling inhibition. Overall, Gαq signaling mediates key modules of organ size regulation and epithelial homeostasis through the dual action of Ca2+-dependent and independent mechanisms.
Structural insights into transcription activation mechanism of the global regulator GlnR from actinobacteria
Authors: Shi Jing , Feng Zhenzhen , Xu Juncao , Li Fangfang , Zhang Yuqiong , Wen Aijia , Wang Fulin , Song Qian , Wang Lu , Wang Shuang , Feng Yu , Lin Wei
Published: January 2023

GlnR, an OmpR/PhoB subfamily protein, is an orphan response regulator that globally coordinates the expression of genes responsible for nitrogen, carbon and phosphate metabolism in actinobacteria. Although much efforts at biochemical and genetic analyses have been made on the mechanism of GlnR-dependent transcription activation, it still remains unclear owing to lacking the structure of GlnR-dependent transcription activation complex (GlnR-TAC). Here, we report a crystal structure of a binary complex including a C terminal DNA binding domain of GlnR (GlnR_DBD) and its regulatorycis-element DNA, and a cryo-EM structure of GlnR-TAC comprising ofMycobacterium tuberculosisRNA polymerase, GlnR, and a promoter containing four well-characterized conserved GlnR binding sites. These structures show four GlnR protomers coordinately engage promoter DNA in a head-to-tail manner, with two N-terminal receiver domains of GlnR (GlnR-RECs) jointly act as a bridge to connect RNAP αNTD with the upstream GlnR_DBD. GlnR-TAC is stabilized by complex protein-protein interactions between GlnR and the conserved β flap, σAR4, αCTD, αNTD domains of RNAP. These are in good agreement with our mutational and kinetic single-molecule fluorescence assays. Altogether, our results reveal a general transcription activation mechanism for the global regulator GlnR and other OmpR/PhoB subfamily proteins, and present a unique mode of bacterial transcription regulation.

Significance statement

In low-GC gram-negative bacteria, the typical two component system NtrB/NtrC accounts for the expression of genes related to nitrogen metabolism. In high-GC gram-positive actinobacteria, GlnR, an atypical and orphan response regulator (RR) of the OmpR/PhoB subfamily proteins, globally coordinates transcription of genes involved in nitrogen, carbon and phosphate metabolism. Here, using crystallography, cryo-electron microscopy, and single-molecule fluorescence assays, we show that GlnR activates transcription by contacting DNA between the −10 and −35 elements and further upstream through contacting σ region 4 and RNAP β flap subunit. We also identify a previously unobserved cooperative engagement of four GlnR protomers to the promoter DNA, which not only makes the transcription initiation complex (RPo) more stable, but also provides better transcription activities.
Indigenous directorship pathways through transformative leadership: a content analysis of reconciliation action plans (RAPs)
Authors: Weerasinghe Ashesha Paveena , Chapple Larelle , Williamson Alexandra Kate
Published: January 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to explore how corporate Australia engages in reconciliation through recognizing and providing pathways for Indigenous Australians' corporate leadership aspirations.

Design/methodology/approach

The research design is informed by the prior literature on pathways by minority groups to corporate leadership through the theoretical lens of transformational leadership. The investigation is conducted using textual analysis of reconciliation action plans (RAPs), a contemporary and voluntary practice adopted by Australian listed companies to disclose their commitment to national reconciliation. RAPs are publicly available from the official websites of listed companies.

Findings

The analysis of contemporary RAPs highlights organizational initiatives to support Indigenous Australians related to corporate and community leadership. Since the authors’ focus is the former, corporate leadership initiatives are further analyzed. Two initiatives for Indigenous Australians to pursue corporate leadership positions are emerging future leaders' programs and mentoring programs. This is the extent to which the authors observe Australian firms' transformational leadership. While some firms have implemented these initiatives with specific targets, other firms do not have specific initiatives or targets. The paper also conducts longitudinal analysis into the transformational leaders' past RAPs and triangulates to other evidence of reconciliation commitment such as the Uluru Statement from the Heart.

Research limitations/implications

This paper contributes new insights to the research area of board cultural diversity, specifically to the limited literature on Indigenous reconciliation. It provides insights into firms and policymakers to address the ongoing issue of the underrepresentation of Indigenous Australians in corporate leadership. The sample of firms comprises Australian listed firms that have adopted higher-order RAPs, which restricts the generalizability of the findings to other sectors.

Originality/value

This paper explores the under researched phenomenon of Indigenous people's pathways to corporate leadership. The research design is informed by transformational leadership theory through considering institutional actions for reconciliation. This research provides evidence of the extent to which corporate Australia has taken action on the issue of the under-representation of Australian Indigenous people in corporate leadership.
The different effects of venture capital and the trade-off between product innovation effectiveness and efficiency
Authors: Xiao Ting , Yang Zhi , Jiang Yanhui
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Which venture capital is more beneficial in the product innovation of entrepreneurial ventures? The authors study the drawbacks and different effects of corporate venture capital (CVC) and independent venture capital (IVC) on the effectiveness and efficiency of product innovation in entrepreneurial ventures to answer this question.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a panel dataset of 502 high-tech ventures and runs the Heckman model to correct potential endogeneity issues.

Findings

The authors find that CVC increases the product innovation effectiveness of entrepreneurial ventures, but decreases their efficiency. IVC reduces innovation effectiveness and enhances efficiency. However, CVC performs less positively, while IVC performs more positively in terms of innovation effectiveness and efficiency in the B2B market than in the B2C market.

Practical implications

This study provides insights into how to leverage venture capital to develop new products effectively and efficiently.

Originality/value

This study moves beyond the current understanding of the finance-marketing interface. It delineates the two faces of venture capital and reveals the joint effects of equity stakes and market stakes between different types of venture capital and transaction markets in product innovation.
Agile project management as a stage for creativity: a conceptual framework of five creativity-conducive spaces
Authors: Olszewski Mieszko
Published: January 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how agile project management can foster creativity in project teams.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is based on an extensive literature review of agile project management and team creativity and is matching these two to answer the following research questions: (1) how agile project management approach can foster creativity in project teams? and (2) which principles and practices promoted by the most popular agile methodologies enhance creativity in project teams?

Findings

Five creativity-conducive spaces in agile project management were identified and integrated into a conceptual framework, namely, a space for generative social interactions, a space for learning, a space for change and adaptation, a space for exploration and a space promoting team members' well-being. In the next step, based on a thorough analysis of seven widespread agile project management methods, a large number of agile principles and practices were mapped into each of the five conceptual spaces.

Originality/value

This study provides new insights into how agile project management can foster creativity in project teams. The conceptual framework developed in this paper might be utilized to enhance creativity in agile teams, it can also serve as a starting point for future research.
An ICT-based start-up entering maritime logistics networks: facilitation of value cocreation patterns
Authors: Göçer Aysu , Altuntas Vural Ceren , Lind Frida
Published: January 2023

Purpose

This study aims to explore how a start-up entering maritime logistics networks (MLNs) in the container shipping industry integrates resources underlying value cocreation patterns in these networks.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is based on a single case study of a technological start-up, providing tracking, tracing and other information services to MLN members using internet-based software. An interorganizational theory perspective informs the case study to unveil the resource integration for value cocreation in the network.

Findings

The start-up holds multiple resource interaction roles and the start-up’s involvement enables the creation of new knowledge resources, which facilitate new revenue streams and manage resource dependencies. Hence, the findings indicate that the start-up changes value cocreation patterns in the network by reconfiguring and integrating existing resources so that the service is customized for various customers, including shippers and freight forwarders.

Practical implications

The results provide insights about how technological start-ups can unlock resources within MLNs.

Originality/value

The study extends previous studies on resource roles in business networks and shows how start-ups can perform multiple roles simultaneously within these networks. In addition, the study contributes to the literature by studying information and knowledge as resources configured in different ways in a unique network setting.
Nutritional and quality attributes of bread fortified with cheeseweed mallow leaves powder
Authors: Mohammed Akram M. , El-Anany Ayman Mohammed , Althwab Sami A. , Alhomaid Raghad M. , Alharbi Hend F. , ALgheshairy Reham M. , Ali Rehab F.M.
Published: January 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this current investigation is to evaluate the effect of adding different levels of cheeseweed Malva parviflora L. mallow leaves powder (MPLP) on the nutritional and quality characteristics of bread.

Design/methodology/approach

Wheat flour was partially replaced with MPLP at 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% levels to obtain the wheat– MPLP composite flour. Chemical composition, phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl of wheat flour and MPLP were determined. Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of bread enriched with various levels of MPLP were evaluated.

Findings

MPLP contains 23.9% of protein, 10.1% of crude fiber and 9.8% of ash, respectively. MPLP had a significantly higher concentration of micronutrients than wheat flour. The content of total phenolics, flavonoids as well as free radical scavenging activity of MPLP were 17.6, 38.2 and 6.0 fold, respectively, higher compared to wheat flour. Protein content in bread samples increased with the addition of the MPLP in a range of 1.2%–6.6%. The increasing replacement of MPLP in the composite flours resulted in progressively higher dietary fiber and ash contents for fortified bread samples. The higher level of MPLP reduced the specific volume of fortified breads. The highest scores for the sensory attributes were noted for bread samples fortified with 2% and 3% of MPLP, whereas the lowest scores for bread samples fortified with 4% and 5% MPLP.

Research limitations/implications

Supplementation of wheat bread with different levels of MPLP resulted in significant increases in macro and microelements of fortified breads.

Originality/value

Supplementation of wheat bread with different levels of cheeseweed Mallow (Malva parviflora L.) leaves powder resulted in significant increases in macro and microelements of fortified breads.
Market efficiency assessment for multiple exchanges of cryptocurrencies
Authors: Souza Orlando Telles , Carvalho João Vinícius França
Published: January 2023

Purpose

This study aims to analyze the efficient market hypothesis (EMH) of cryptocurrencies on multiple platforms by observing whether there is a discrepancy in the levels of efficiency between different exchanges. Additionally, EMH is tested in a multivariate way: whether the prices of the same cryptocurrencies traded on different exchanges are temporally related to each other. ADF and KPSS tests, whereas the vector autoregression model of order p – VAR(p) – for multivariate system.

Findings

Both Bitcoin and Ethereum show efficiency in the weak form on the main platforms in each market alone. However, when estimating a VAR(p) between prices among exchanges, there was evidence of Granger causality between cryptocurrencies in all exchanges, suggesting that EMH is not adequate due to cross information.

Practical implications

It is essential to assess the cryptocurrency market in a multivariate way, not only to favor its maturation process, but also to promote a broad understanding of its inherent risks. Thus, it will be possible to develop financial products that are actively managed in a more sophisticated cryptocurrency market.

Social implications

There is a possibility of performing arbitrage on different exchanges and market assets through cross-exchanges. Thus, emphasizing the need for regulation of exchanges in the digital asset market, as an eventual price manipulation on a single platform can impact others, which generates various distortions.

Originality/value

This study is the first to find evidence of cross-information for the same (and other) cryptocurrencies among different exchanges.
Evaluating the association between expanded coverage of direct‐to‐consumer telemedicine and downstream utilization and quality of care for urinary tract infections and sinusitis
Authors: Yu Jiani , Huckfeldt Peter J. , Mink Pamela J. , Mehrotra Ateev , Abraham Jean M.
Published: January 2023

Objective

To compare direct‐to‐consumer (DTC) telemedicine and in‐person visits in rates of testing, follow‐up health care use, and quality for urinary tract infections (UTIs) and sinusitis.

Data Source

The Minnesota All Payer Claims Data provided 2008–2015 administrative claims data.

Study Design

Using a difference‐in‐differences approach, we compared episodes of care for UTIs and sinusitis among enrollees of health plans introducing coverage for DTC telemedicine relative to those without DTC telemedicine coverage. Primary outcomes included number of laboratory tests, antibiotics filled, office and outpatient visits, emergency department (ED) visits, and standardized spending, based on standardized prices of health services.

Data Collection

The study sample included non‐elderly enrollees of commercial health insurance plans. We constructed 30‐day episodes of care initiated by a DTC telemedicine or in‐person visit.

Principal Findings

The UTI and sinusitis samples were comprised of 215,134 and 624,630 episodes of care, respectively. Following the introduction of coverage for DTC telemedicine, 15.7% of UTI episodes and 8.9% of sinusitis episodes were initiated with DTC telemedicine. Compared to episodes without coverage for DTC telemedicine, UTI episodes with coverage had 0.25 fewer lab tests (95% CI: −0.33, −0.18; p < 0.001), lower standardized spending for the first UTI visit (−$11.18 [95% CI: ‐$21.62, −$0.75]; p < 0.05), and no change in office and outpatient visits, ED visits, antibiotics filled, or standardized medical spending. Sinusitis episodes with coverage for DTC telemedicine had fewer antibiotics filled (−0.08 [95% CI: −0.14, −0.01]; p < 0.05) and a very small increase in ED visits (0.001 [95% CI: 0.001, 0.010]; p < 0.05), but no change in lab tests, office and outpatient visits, or standardized medical spending.

Conclusions

Among commercially insured patients, coverage of DTC telemedicine was associated with reductions in antibiotics for sinusitis and laboratory tests for UTI without changes in downstream total office and outpatient visits or changes in ED visits.