bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plan Nacional de Aguas en Uruguay: desafíos de la implementación de procesos participativos con actores implicados y público general
Authors: Lázaro Marila , Trimble Micaela , Bortagaray Isabel
Published: December 2021

Durante 2016 se llevó a cabo en Uruguay un proceso de discusión sobre el primer Plan Nacional de Aguas (PNA). Su versión preliminar se sometió a revisión y discusión en los ámbitos formales de gobernanza del agua, así como a través de un mecanismo deliberativo para público general (adaptación de las conferencias de consenso) llamado Deliberación Ciudadana sobre el Agua (Deci Agua), organizado por un equipo de la Universidad de la República, en coordinación con la Dirección Nacional de Aguas. En este artículo se describe y analiza el proceso de Deci Agua, incluyendo sus aportes al PNA (aprobado por decreto en 2017) y se discuten los avances en la implementación del PNA entre 2017 y 2020, así como sus principales desafíos. A partir del Informe del Panel ciudadano de Deci Agua el PNA incorporó la perspectiva ética en la gestión del agua. La implementación del PNA puede verse dificultada por la escasa coordinación entre instituciones gubernamentales (ambientales y agropecuarias), por cambios estructurales originados con el nuevo gobierno, y por su limitada aceptación desde sectores de la sociedad civil.
MANIFESTATION OF SHARIA REGIONAL REGULATIONS IN MANAGING SOCIAL MORALITY
Authors: Sabir Muhammad , Nazaruddin Nazaruddin
Published: December 2021

This study discuss about the manifestations of shariah perda in managing of sosial morality. The type of this research is a qualitative descriptive using the sociological, historical and normative juridical approaches. The results of this study suggest that the sharia regional regulations are established based on the Koran and hadith. In the history of its formation, it is inseparable from the formation of national law by observing the three periods of its formation, especially regarding regional autonomy. It is also necessary to understand that if you look at the position of regional regulations, especially sharia regulations by looking at the legal system in force in this country, it can be understood that Islamic sharia has an important position in the formation of law in Indonesia. This regulation aim of safeguarding and protecting the dignity of the community. Although there is opposition and rejection of it, this rule is in accordance with the national legal system and makes a great contribution to managing people's lives. Because one of the functions of law is to regulate or control the actions and behavior of the community so as not to do actions that are detrimental to themselves and to the surrounding community.
NOTAS SÔBRE A PESCA DA CAVALA E DA SERRA NO CEARÁ - DADOS DE 1969
Authors: Da Costa Raimundo Saraiva , Paiva Melquíades Pinto
Published: December 2021

Com o presente trabalho, o Laboratório de Ciências do Mar da Universidade Federal do Ceará dá prosseguimento à série de estudos sôbre a pesca da cavala, Scomberomorus cavalla (Cuvier), e da serra, Scomberomorusmaculatus (Mitchill), efetuada em águas costeiras do Estado do Ceará, Brasil.Ressaltamos que durante o ano de 1969 a pesca dêsses peixes foi  conduzida dentro do padrão tradicional, com embarcações artes emétodos primitivos.
NOTAS SOBRE A PESCA DA CAVALA E DA SERRA NO CEARÁ - DADOS DE 1970
Authors: Da Costa Raimundo Saraiva , Paiva Melquíades Pinto
Published: December 2021

Com o presente trabalho, o Laboratório de Ciências do Mar da Universidade Federal do Ceará dá prosseguimento à série de estudos sobre a pesca da cavala, Scomberomorus cavalla (Cu vier), e da serra, Scomberomorusmaculatus (Mitchill), efetuada em águas costeiras do Estado do Ceará, Brasil.
PESCARIAS EXPERIMENTAIS DE LAGOSTAS COM REDES DE ESPERA, NO ESTADO DO CEARÁ (BRASIL)
Authors: Paiva Melquíades Pinto , De Alcantara Filho Pedro , Matthews Henry Ramos , De Mesquita Antônio Luciano Lôbo , Corrêa Ivo Carlos Tassito , Da Costa Raimundo Saraiva
Published: December 2021

Neste trabalho são apresentados os resultados de pescarias experimentais, realizadas com redes de espera em diferentes profundidades da plataforma continental do Estado do Ceará, procurando-se verificar a ação destesaparelhos de pesca sobre os estoques de lagostas e seu biótopo.
ESPÉCIES, SEXOS E TAMANHOS DO CAMARÃO-ROSA, Farfantepenaeus spp., NO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO (BRASIL)
Authors: Paiva Melquíades Pinto , Fonteles Filho Antônio Adauto
Published: December 2021

Este trabalho trata da ocorrência de espécies, sexos e tamanhos do camarão-rosa, em amostras de capturas na área de Cabo Frio (Rio de Janeiro – Brasil), realizadas entre julho/2000 e fevereiro/2001. Sob a denominação de camarão-rosa são conhecidas duas espécies do gênero Farfantepenaeus Burukovscky no sudeste do Brasil: F. brasiliensis (Latreille) e F. paulensis (Pérez-Farfante). Estas espécies e seus sexos são de difícil identificação nas amostragens feitas durante desembarques das capturas comerciais. A espécies F. brasiliensis predominou nas amostras, com 59,4% dos indivíduos – na área de Cabo Frio se encontra o limite norte da ocorrência de F. paulensis. Houve equilíbrio entre os sexos da primeira espécie, não observado com a segunda. As menores médias do comprimento do cefalotórax e do peso total, registradas para os machos de ambas as espécies eram esperadas, porque as fêmeas alcançam maiores tamanhos.
APORTES PARA A HISTÓRIA DAS PESCAS MARINHAS NO NORDESTE DO BRASIL
Authors: Paiva Melquíades Pinto
Published: December 2021

Nesta contribuição o autor fornece informações pessoais sobre eventos históricos pertinentes à atuação do vice-almirante Augusto Roque Dias Fernandes na defesa dos interesses nacionais, relativos à exploração dos atuns por frotas japonesas, e à “guerra da lagosta”, em confronto com barcos da marinha francesa, no Nordeste do Brasil
LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIP OF MARINE COMMERCIAL FISH SPECIES IN RIO DE JANEIRO STATE, BRAZIL
Authors: Tubino Magda Fernandes de Andrade , Paiva Melquíades Pinto
Published: December 2021

Length-weight relationship parameters of thirteen species of demersal and pelagic fishes that are of economic and ecological relevance in the commercial fisheries of Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern of Brazil, are presented. These relationships indicate a positive allometry tendency for the regression slope, b in the sampled fish community.
UMA OFICINA DE CIENTISTAS
Authors: Paiva Melquíades Pinto
Published: December 2021

A longa vida me deu a felicidade de participar dos festejos cinquentenários da Estação de Biologia Marinha, atual Instituto de Ciências do Mar da Universidade Federal di Ceará (LABOMAR), daqual fui o diretor-fundador, criada pela Resolução nº96, de 02 de dezembro de 1960, assinada pelo reitorAntônio Martins Filho, como Instituto Aplicado daentão denominada Universidade do Ceará.
NOTAS SÔBRE A PESCA DA CAVALA E DA SERRA NO CEARÁ - DADOS DE 1966
Authors: Da Costa Raimundo Saraiva , Paiva Melquíades Pinto
Published: December 2021

Com o presente trabalho, a Estação de Biologia Marinha da Universidade Federal do Ceará dá prosseguimento à série de estudos sôbre a pesca da cavala, Scomberomorus cavalla (Cuvier, 1829) , e da serra, Scomberomorusmaculatus (Mitchill, 1815) , efetuada em águas costeiras do Estado do Ceará, Brasil.
PESQUERIAS DE LA LANGOSTA PANULIRUS ARGUS (LATREILLE) EN EL BRASIL Y EN CUBA
Authors: Más René J. Buesa , Paiva Melquíades Pinto
Published: December 2021

E! presente trabajo tiene como objetivo el estudio comparativo de las pesquerías de la langosta Panulirus argus (Latreille) en el Brasil y en Cuba.
Summary of IFAS Turf and Landscape Irrigation Recommendations
Authors: Dukes Michael D.
Published: December 2021

AE436, a 9-page illustrated fact sheet by Michael D. Dukes, reviews current turfgrass and landscape irrigation recommendations and unifies them to provide a coordinated science-based turf and landscape irrigation recommendation. Includes comprehensive reference lists. Published by the UF Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, December 2008.
AE436/AE436: Summary of UF/IFAS Turf and Landscape Irrigation Recommendations (ufl.edu)
Wages and Benefits in the Florida Landscape Industry
Authors: Hodges Alan W. , Haydu John J.
Published: December 2021

FE788, a 9-page illustrated report by Alan W. Hodges and John J. Haydu, reports the results of a study to document current compensation, benefits, and employment practices in the landscape industry in Florida, through a representative survey sample. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Food and Resource Economics, December 2008.
Review of Nutrient Management Systems for Florida Vegetable Producers: A White Paper from the UF/IFAS Vegetable Fertilizer Task Force
Authors: Cantliffe Daniel , Gilreath Phyllis , Haman Dorota , Hutchinson Chad , Li Yuncong , McAvoy Gene , Migliaccio Kati , Olczyk Teresa , Olson Steve , Parmenter Darrin , Santos Bielinski , Shukla Sanjay , Simonne Eric , Stanley Craig , Whidden Alicia
Published: December 2021

HS1156, a 14-page white paper from the UF/IFAS Vegetable Fertilizer Task Force, identifies differences between actual fertilization practices and UF/IFAS fertilizer recommendations, especially for vegetables grown with subsurface (Central and South Florida) and overhead (Miami-Dade County) irrigation. The recommendations of the VFTF aim at bridging the gaps between science-based results and the diversity in production systems found in the Florida vegetable industry. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, April 2009. Reviewed June 2012. This document previously published -- Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 119:240-248.
HS1156/HS1156: Review of Nutrient Management Systems for Florida Vegetable Producers: A White Paper from the UF/IFAS Vegetable Fertilizer Task Force, 2009 (ufl.edu)
Guide for Maintaining the Quality and Safety of Organic Vegetables and Melons During Harvest and Handling Operations
Authors: Sargent Steven A. , Treadwell Danielle
Published: December 2021

HS-1148, a 7-page fact sheet by Steven A. Sargent and Danielle Treadwell, highlights practical guidelines to assist growers and handlers of organic vegetables and melons to minimize losses during harvest and handling operations. Differences in recommendations between crops grown using organic methods and conventional production methods are noted. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, March 2009.
Fact Sheet: Mayaro Virus
Authors: Reeves Lawrence E , Campbell Lindsay
Published: December 2021

Mayaro virus (MAYV) can be spread from mosquitoes to humans. The geographic distribution of Mayaro virus is expanding from South and Central America into the Caribbean Islands, which means that, under the right conditions, this virus could one day become important to Florida. This publication is intended to serve as a fact sheet communicating information about MAYV to researchers and stakeholders in mosquito control and public health professions and to the general public.
Fungicide Resistance Action Committee's (FRAC) Classification Scheme of Fungicides According to Mode of Action
Authors: Fishel Frederick M.
Published: December 2021

Revised! PI-94, a 9-page guide by Frederick M. Fishel, addresses resistance to pesticides and describes the Fungicide Resistance Action Committee’s (FRAC) classification of fungicides and bactericides registered for use in Florida by their modes of action. A cross reference of common names for active ingredients — with corresponding examples of their trade names — is also provided. Includes sources of additional sources. Published by the UF Department of Agronomy, January 2009.
PI94/PI131: Fungicide Resistance Action Committee's (FRAC) Classification Scheme of Fungicides According to Mode of Action (ufl.edu)
Black Rot of Orchids Caused by Phytophthora palmivora and Phytophthora cactorum
Authors: Cating Robert A. , Palmateer Aaron J. , Stiles Carol M. , Rayside P. A. , Davison D. A.
Published: December 2021

PP260, a 5-page illustrated fact sheet by R. A. Cating, A. J. Palmateer, C. M. Stiles, P. A. Rayside, and D. A. Davison, describes this disease of orchids, its host range, symptoms, diagnosis, management, and nursery sanitation recommendations. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Plant Pathology, January 2009.
PP260/PP260: Black Rot of Orchids Caused by Phytophthora palmivora and Phytophthora cactorum (ufl.edu)
Membangun Karakter Masyarakat Pulau Untung Jawa Dalam Meningkatkan Kesadaran Hukum
Authors: Suanto Suanto , Utami Ichwani Siti
Published: December 2021

Pulau untung jawa sebagai salah satu destinasi wisata yang banyak dikunjungi wisatawan baik lokal maupun internasional dapat berkembang dari aspek perekonomian, namun demikian terdapat beberapa hal yang menjadi perhatian dan kekhawatiran pemerintah setempat maupun masyarakat lokal yang sudah turun temurun tinggal di daerah tersebut. Diantaranya adalah kekhawatiran akan terjadinya pergeseran dan perubahan tingkah laku, kebiasaan, bahkan karakter masyarakat sekitar yang disebabkan oleh masuknya kebiasaan atau kebudayaan baru yang banyak dibawa oleh wisatawan yang pada akhirnya bermuara pada rendahnya kesadaran hukum. Pengabdian ini menggunakan Metode kegiatan yang digunakan adalah ekspositori yaitu dengan cara memberikan sosialisasi berupa penyampaian materi secara verbal dan pendekatan sosial yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan kepada masyarakat terutama para remaja tentang pentingnya membangun karakter dalam kesadaran terhadap peraturan hukum. Hasil dari pelakasanaan pengabdian kepada masyarakat terlihat dari partisipasi masyarakat dalam mengikuti kegiatan sosialisasi dan bertambahnya pemahaman masyarakat akan pengaruh dari karakter yang baik terhadap kesadaran hukum. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil yaitu bahwa penanaman nilai karakter yang baik pada masyarakat dapat meningkatkan kesadaran hukum.
PERSEPSI ULAMA DI KOTA LANGSA TENTANG GOLONGAN PUTIH
Authors: Sitti Suryani & Rasyidin Mila Nurul Aisiyah
Published: December 2021

Golput (golongan putih) adalah salah satu bentuk perlawanan terhadap praktik politik dari orang-orang yang kecewa terhadap penyelenggaraan negara dengan cara tidak memilih partai atau legislator (dalam pemilu legislatif) atau Presiden (dalam pemilu Presiden). Banyaknya pengamat politik mengatakan bahwa fenomena golongan putih ini merupakan bukti kekecewaan masyarakat akan kinerja politisi rakyat merasa “ditipu” dengan janji-janji manis pada saat kampanye, masyarakat merasa politisi tidak mampu mewakili kehendak rakyat dan melaksanakan janji-janjinya. Tingginya angka golongan putih dapat menurunkan legitiminasi pemerintah yang terbentuk dari hasil pemilihan umum, baik dalam proses pemilihan legislatif maupun pemilihan Presiden dan Wakil Presiden. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa persepsi ulama kota Langsa mengenai golongan putih yaitu golput tidak boleh karena diharamkan selama calon pemimpin tidak memenuhi syarat menjadi seorang pemimpin, dalam konsep Islam golput identik dengan orang yang tidak bertanggung jawab. Golput (golongan putih) dimata agama tidak benar dan dalam sudut pandang Islam golput bagian dari pelanggaran dan golput tidak boleh  karena tidak ada maslahat yang dicapai dalam pemilu. Sedangkan argumen ulama di Kota Langsa tentang golongan putih yaitu golput dibolehkan, karena golput itu hak, sekaligus kewajiban bagi negara yang baik. Jika seseorang tidak mau menggunakan hak pilihnnya tidak bisa dipaksakan juga tetapi sebagai warga negara yang bertanggung jawab, masyarakat wajib memilih karena satu suara saja sangat berguna bagi kehidupan bangsa kedepannya. Sebagai warga negara yang baik sepatutnya harus bertanggung jawab dan ia tidak boleh meninggalkan hak pilihnya kerena ia sudah mengakui bahwa demokrasi sebagai cara untuk bernegara.
A Comparative Study of Fluoride Containing Chlorhexidine and Non Chlorhexidine Mouthrinses in a Teenage Group
Authors: Vyas Megha L , Bharwani Ashit , Trivedi Dhaval G
Published: December 2021

Background: Mouthwashes are important means used in chemical control of dental plaque. There is strong evidence suggestive of better effectiveness, when fluoride is added to chlorhexidine mouthwash.

Objectives: The study was planned to assess the effect of a mouthrinse containing Chlorhexidine (CHX) and amine/stannous fluoride (AmF) on plaque accumulation, gingivitis and salivary fluoride levels in comparison with two mouthrinses containing either essential oils (EO) or cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) with sodium fluoride (NaF) in a teenage group.

Methodology: For this study 90 healthy teenage between 12 and 20 years were recruited for participation. The experimental gingivitis model consisted of a 2-weeks recruitment phase, followed by a 6-day rinsing period with one of the 4 mouthrinse formulations was used for the study. At the end of the pre-phase period and the rinsing period (Day-0/Day-6), gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI) and salivary fluoride levels were recorded. The statistical analyses were performed using Wilcoxon sign test and the dependent t test.

Results: A reduction in plaque re-growth was seen for the CHX+AmF formulation rinse, although there were no significant differences among all groups (p>0,001). During the experimental periods, the gingivitis indices increased significantly for all formulations (p<0,001), except for the CHX+AmF formulation. The CHX+AmF formulation scored higher levels of salivary fluoride at the end of the rinsing period (p>0,001).

Conclusion: We would like to conclude that the adjunctive use of AmF containing CHX mouthrinses to mechanical oral hygiene should be recommended for teenage at risk groups.

Keywords: CT KUB, Radiation safety, Minimise radiation
A felkelések és a rákkutatás interdiszciplináris megközelítésben
Authors: Jobbágy Zoltán , Bakos Csaba Attila , Molnár Ádám
Published: December 2021

Az elmúlt évtizedekben jelentős hangsúlyeltolódás tapasztalható a háború megvívására és a hadviselésre vonatkozó ismeretekben. A nem 5. cikkely szerinti válságkezelő műveletekkel, azon belül is a felkelésellenes hadműveletekkel kapcsolatos katonai ismeretek fontossága megnőtt. Jelen cikk szerzői a vonatkozó szakirodalomban meghatározó szerepet játszó David Galula francia katonai gondolkodót alapul véve azt vizsgálják, hogy a felkelések létrejötte és a daganatos betegségek kialakulásának menete milyen mértékben mutat hasonlóságot. Mivel mindkét esetben változó intenzitású, elhúzódó folyamatról van szó, a vizsgálat jobban értelmezhetővé teszi e műveletek sajátosságait, továbbá biztosítja azok árnyaltabb vizsgálatát. A fő pontokon megtalálható egyezés egyértelműsíti, hogy a felkelések és a rák kialakulása különböző szinteken elhelyezkedő, hasonló jellegű folyamatok kölcsönhatásának eredménye.
A koalíciós haderők által alkalmazott fegyverrendszerek a jemeni konfliktusban – avagy erőltetett beszerzések, kétséges eredmények?
Authors: Lesták Tamás
Published: December 2021

A rendkívül sokszereplős jemeni konfliktus több olyan elemet is hordoz magában, amely elemzésre érdemes. A 2015-ben kezdődött – több térségbeli arab államot is magában foglaló – koalíciós katonai intervenció sok szempontból érdekes tapasztalatokat hozott. A koalíció két legerősebb és műveleti szempontból legaktívabb tagja Szaúd-Arábia és az Egyesült Arab Emirátusok. Mindkét állam hadereje szinte teljes spektrumát felvonultatta, valamennyi haderőnemük kivette részét a műveletekből. A szaúdiak és az Emirátusok részvételében közös pont a nagy mennyiségű és igen fejlett – elsősorban amerikai és európai – haditechnika alkalmazása. A konvencionális fegyverek nagyarányú bevetésének azonban nem egységes a mérlege; a hatékonyság, a pontosság és az eredményesség terén egyaránt komoly kritikák fogalmazódtak meg. A tanulmány a két ország által bevetett haditechnikai eszközöket, valamint azok alkalmazásának tapasztalatait vizsgálja.
A kibervédelem szerepe az Európai Unió közös biztonsági és védelmi politikájában
Authors: Bihaly Barbara
Published: December 2021

A műveleti térként megjelenő kibertér számos kérdést vet fel, ami a vele kapcsolatos stratégia és politika átalakítását követeli meg, így nemzeti és uniós szinten is szükséges áttekinteni az általa jelentett kihívásokat. A kibernetikai fenyegetések egyik jellegzetessége, hogy nemcsak technikai válaszokat igényelnek, hanem stratégiai megoldásokat is. A számítástechnikai-internetes támadók vagy bűnözők jelentkezhetnek geopolitikai, kulturális és gazdasági síkon egyaránt, ennek megfelelően az egyesült Európa biztonsági és védelmi erőfeszítéseinek valamennyi fent említett területre ki kell terjedniük, mert az ilyen típusú veszélyeztetés közvetlenül vagy közvetve hatással van a tagországok minden szintű tevékenységére. Az Európai Unió közös biztonság- és védelempolitikája példaszerű következetességgel, egységesen kezeli a kiberfenyegetéseket. Jelen írás arra keresi a választ, hogy az EU új kiberbiztonsági stratégiája milyen eszközökkel járul hozzá a kontinens átfogó biztonság- és védelempolitikájához.
Türkiye’de Dijital Müzikteki Yeni Ekonomik Modellerin Sosyolojik ve Kültürel Yönleri
Authors: Aydın Öztürk Tuğba , Crossley Nick
Published: December 2021

This research explained new economic models in the digital music industry in view of cultural, technological, and sociological aspects. The importance of local entrepreneurship, as well as global markets, were accessed. There have been many developments in digital music in the past two decades. These developments have affected relations between the digital economy and music technology. The study is mainly focused on the Turkish music market. Why the subscription and bundling models are on the rise? How does an economic merger between telecommunication companies and digital music services work? What are the effects of the recent developments in technology, in particular smartphones on music industry? The partnership of Turkcell, the largest GSM operator in Turkey, and one of the top 5 in Europe and Turkish digital music service Fizy was exemplified. Thus, the significance of local markets in the digital era, expectations of the audiences, the applicability of streaming, and bundling economic models in Turkey have been examined.
Covid-19 Fobisi (Korkusu), Covid-19 Farkındalığı ve Genel Aidiyetleri Düzeyleri
Authors: Kurtuluş Emin , Düşünceli Betül
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this research is to determine the predictive level of Covid-19 awareness and general belongingness on Covid-19 phobia (fear). Additionally, whether the fear of Covid-19 differs according to sources of information about coronavirus and mood swings during the pandemic period is also examined in this study. The study group of the research consists of a total of 352 university students, 280(%79.54) female, and 72 (%20.46) male. The study was designed in accordance with the correlational research design. In the research findings, it was found that general belongingness to Covid-19 and its awareness significantly predict the fear of Covid-19. In another result of the study, it was observed that university students’ fear of Covid-19 differs according to the source from which they have received information about Covid-19, and the mood changes during the pandemic period.
Consequences of Nonequilibrium Pesticide Fate Processes on Probability of Leaching from Agricultural Lands
Authors: Waganet R.J. , Duxbury John , Mingelgrin Uri , Hutson John , Gerstl Zev
Published: December 2021

Pesticide leaching in heterogeneous field soils is relatively unstudied and is the focus of this project. A wide variety of heterogeneous soils exist, characterized by processes that result from the presence of structural cracks, worm holes, and other preferred pathways within which the majority of transport can occur (called physical non-equilibrium processes), along with the presence of sorption processes that are both equilibrium and kinetic (chemical non-equilibrium processes). Previous studies of pesticide leaching have focused primarily on relatively homogeneous soils, which are less widely distributed in nature, but more studied due to the relative ease with which quantitative theory can be applied to interpret experimental results. The objectives of the proposed project were: first, to gain greater insight into the basic physical and chemical processes that characterize non-equilibrium systems, second, to improve our ability to predict pesticide leaching in heterogeneous field soils, and third, to estimate the consequences of non-equilibrium processes at the field scale by conducting an analysis of the probability of pesticide leaching when non-equilibrium processes prevail. The laboratory, theoretical and modelling aspects of the project were successful; the field aspects less so. We gained greater insight into basic processes in heterogeneous field soils, and we improved and tested tools (simulation models) and the methodology of using such tools for assessing the probability of pesticide leaching as a contribution to broader risk analysis efforts.
Identification of DNA Unique to the Tomato Fusarium Wilt and Crown Rot Pathogens
Authors: Kistler Harold Corby , Katan Talma
Published: December 2021

Wilt and crown rot are two important diseases of tomato caused by different strains ("formae speciales") of the fungus, Fusarium oxysporum. While both pathogens are members of the same fungal species, each differs genetically and resistance to the diseases is controlled by different genes in the plant. Additionally, the formae speciales differ in their ecology (e.g. optimal temperature of disease development) and epidemiology. Nevertheless, the distinction between these diseases based on symptoms alone may be unclear due to overlapping symptomatology. We have found in our research that the ambiguity of the pathogens is further confounded because strains causing tomato wilt or crown rot each may belong to several genetically and phylogenetically distinct lineages of F. oxysporum. Furthermore, individual lineages of the pathogen causing wilt or crown rot may themselves be very closely related. The diseases share the characteristic that the pathogen's inoculum may be aerially dispersed. This work has revealed a complex evolutionary relationship among lineages of the pathogens that makes development of molecular diagnostic methods more difficult than originally anticipated. However, the degree of diversity found in these soil-borne pathogens has allowed study of their population genetics and patterns of dispersal in agricultural settings.
Functional Biogenesis of V-ATPase in the Vacuolar System of Plants and Fungi
Authors: Nelson Nathan , Schekman Randy
Published: December 2021

The vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) is one of the most fundamental enzymes in nature. It pumps protons into the vacuolar system of eukaryotic cells and provides the energy for numerous transport systems. Through our BARD grant we discovered a novel family of membrane chaperones that modulate the amount of membrane proteins. We also elucidated the mechanism by which assembly factors guide the membrane sector of V-ATPase from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. The major goal of the research was to understand the mechanism of action and biogenesis of V-ATPase in higher plants and fungi. The fundamental question of the extent of acidification in organelles of the vacuolar system was addressed by studying the V-ATPase of lemon fruit, constructing lemon cDNAs libraries and study their expression in mutant yeast cells. The biogenesis of the enzyme and its function in the Golgi apparatus was studied in yeast utilizing a gallery of secretory mutants available in our laboratories. One of the goals of this project is to determine biochemically and genetically how V-ATPase is assembled into the different membranes of a wide variety of organelles and what is the mechanism of its action.The results of this project advanced out knowledge along these lines.
Creating and Characterizing Genetic Variation in Tilapia through the Creation of an Artificial Center of Origin
Authors: Gall Graham A.E. , Hulata Gideon , Hallerman Eric M. , May Bernard , Nakdimon Umiel
Published: December 2021

Five stocks of tilapia [oreochromis niloticus (on), red O. niloticus (ROn), O. aureus (Oa), O. mossambicus (Om), and Sarotherodon galilaeus (Sg)] were used to produce two-way (F1), three-way (3WC) and four-way crosses (4WC). Three 4WC groups, containing equal representation of all four species, formed the base population for a new synthetic stock, called an "artificial center of origin" (ACO). Four genomic maps were created using microsatellite and AFLP markers, two from a 3WC family [Om female and (Oa x ROn) male] and two from a 4WC family [(Om x Oas) females and (Sg x On) male]. Sixty-two loci segregating from the female parent of the 3WC mapped to 14 linkage groups while 214 loci from the male parent mapped to 24 linkage groups. Similarly, 131 loci segregating from the female parent of the 4WC mapped to 26 linkage groups and 118 loci from the male parent mapped to 25 linkage groups. Preliminary screening of an F2 and a 4WC family identified a number of loci associated with cold tolerance and body weight. These loci were clustered in a few linkage groups, suggesting they may be indicative of quantitative trait loci.
Regulation and Action of Leptin in Pregnant and Lactating Dairy Cows.
Authors: Boisclair Yves R. , Bell Alan W. , Shamay Avi
Published: December 2021

The original project had four specific objectives: (1) To complete the development of a radioimmunoassay for bovine leptin; (2) To characterize the leptin system in lactating dairy cows during the transition from pregnancy to lactation; (3) To identify endocrine factors regulating the production of leptin by bovine adipose tissue; (4) To study the actions of leptin on bovine adipose and mammary tissues in vitro. However, BARD funded only the development of the bovine leptin RIA (Objective 1) for a single year. This report describes our work in completing this objective. Leptin, a protein hormone secreted predominantly by white adipose tissue, plays a critical role in the regulation of energy metabolism. In rodents and humans, leptin informs the central nervous system of the size of the energy reserves, coordinates adaptations to periods of nutrient insufficiency, and regulates the metabolism of key tissues involved in the storage and dissipation of energy. However, almost nothing is known on the biology of leptin in cattle, in part because of the absence of a valid assay to measure bovine leptin. To remediate this situation, we have developed a radioimmunoassay capable of measuring bovine leptin with a high degree of sensitivity, accuracy and precision. First, we produced recombinant bovine leptin and used it to immunize rabbits, and to prepare bovine leptin trace and standards. A single antiserum with sufficient affinity and titer was identified. Using this antiserum, binding of 125I bovine leptin was displaced in a dose dependent manner by the addition of bovine or ovine leptin. Serial dilution of bovine and ovine plasma gave displacement curves that were parallel to that of bovine or ovine leptin. Recoveries of external addition of bovine leptin in ewe and cow plasma ranged between 94 and 104%. Plasma leptin concentration measured by this assay was increased by the plane of nutrition in growing calves and lambs. Finally, plasma leptin concentration was linearly related to the fat content of the empty carcass in growing cattle. We conclude that circulating leptin in sheep and cattle is increased by fatness and plane of nutrition, consistent with results in humans and rodents. This assay provides an important tool to investigate mechanisms that regulate plasma leptin in cattle and sheep.
Use of Composted Waste Materials for Enhanced Ca Migration and Exchange in Sodic Soils and Acidic Minespoils
Authors: Avnimelech Yoram , Stehouwer Richard C. , Chorover Jon
Published: December 2021

Restoration of degraded lands and the development of beneficial uses for waste products are important challenges facing our society. In addition there is a need to find useful and environmentally friendly applications for the organic fractions of municipal and other solid waste. Recent studies have shown that composted wastes combined with gypsum or gypsum-containing flue gas desulfurization by-products enhance restoration of sodic soils and acidic minespoils. The mechanism by which this synergistic effect occurs in systems at opposite pH extremes appears to involve enhanced Ca migration and exchange. Our original research objectives were to (1) identify and quantify the active compost components involved in Ca transport, (2) determine the relative affinity of the compost components for Ca and competing metals in the two soil/spoil systems, (3) determine the efficacy of the compost components in Ca transport to subjacent soil and subsequent exchange with native soil cations, and (4) assess the impacts of compost enhanced Ca transport on soil properties and plant growth. Acidic mine spoils: During the course of the project the focus for objective (1) and (2) shifted more towards developing and evaluating methods to appropriately quantify Ca2+ and Al3+ binding to compost derived dissolved organic matter (DOM). It could be shown that calcium complexation by sewage sludge compost derived DOM did not significantly change during the composting process. A method for studying Al3+ binding to DOM was successfully developed and should allow future insight into DOM-Al3+ interactions in general. Laboratory column experiments as well as greenhouse experiments showed that in very acidic mine spoil material mineral dissolution controls solution Al3+ concentration as opposed to exchange with Ca2+. Therefore compost appeared to have no effect on Al3+ and Ca2+ mobility and did not affect subsoil acidity. Sodic alkaline soils: Batch experiments with Na+ saturated cation exchange resins as a model for sodic soils showed that compost home cations exchanged readily with Na+. Unlike filtered compost extracts, unfiltered compost suspensions also significantly increased Ca2+ release from CaCO3. Soil lysimeter experiments demonstrated a clear impact of compost on structural improvement in sodic alkaline soils. Young compost had faster, clearer and longer lasting effects on soil physical and chemical properties than mature compost. Even after 2 growing seasons differences could still be observed. Compost increased Ca2+ concentration in soil solution and solubility of pedogenic CaCO3 that is highly insoluble under alkaline conditions. The solubilized Ca2+ efficiently exchanged Na+ in the compost treated soils and thus greatly improved the soil structure.
Physiological Regulation of Root System Architecture: The Role of Ethylene and Phosphorus
Authors: Eshel Amram , Lynch Jonathan P. , Brown Kathleen M.
Published: December 2021

Specific Objectives and Related Results: 1) Determine the effect of phosphorus availability on ethylene production by roots. Test the hypothesis that phosphorus availability regulates ethylene production Clear differences were found between the two plants that were studied. In beans ethylene production is affected by P nutrition, tissue type, and stage of development. There are genotypic differences in the rate of ethylene production by various root types and in the differential in ethylene production when P treatments are compared. The acceleration in ethylene production with P deficiency increases with time. These findings support the hypothesis that ethylene production may be enhanced by phosphorus deficiency, and that the degree of enhancement varies with genotype. In tomatoes the low-P level did not enhance significantly ethylene production by the roots. Wildtype cultivars and ethylene insensitive mutants behaved similarly in that respect. 2) Characterize the effects of phosphorus availability and ethylene on the architecture of whole root systems. Test the hypothesis that both ethylene and low phosphorus availability modify root architecture. In common bean, the basal roots give rise to a major fraction of the whole root system. Unlike other laterals these roots respond to gravitropic stimulation. Their growth angle determines the proportion of the root length in the shallow layers of the soil. A correlation between ethylene production and basal root angle was found in shallow rooted but not deep-rooted genotypes, indicating that acceleration of ethylene synthesis may account for the change in basal root angle in genotypes demonstrating a plastic response to P availability. Short-time gravitropic response of the tap roots of young bean seedlings was not affected by P level in the nutrient solution. Low phosphorus specifically increases root hair length and root hair density in Arabidopsis. We tested 7 different mutants in ethylene perception and response and in each case, the response to low P was lower than that of the wild-type. The extent of reduction in P response varied among the mutants, but every mutant retained some responsiveness to changes in P concentration. The increase in root hair density was due to the increase in the number of trichoblast cell files under low P and was not mediated by ethylene. Low P did not increase the number of root hairs forming from atrichoblasts. This is in contrast to ethylene treatment, which increased the number of root hairs partly by causing root hairs to form on atrichoblasts. 3) Assess the adaptive value of root architectural plasticity in response to phosphorus availability. A simulation study indicated that genetic variation for root architecture in common bean may be related to adaptation to diverse competitive environments. The fractal dimension of tomato root system was directly correlated with P level.
Economics of Marketing and Diffusion of Agricultural Inputs
Authors: Zilberman David , Heiman Amir , McWilliams B.
Published: December 2021

Specific Research Objective. Develop a theory of technology adoption to analyze the role of promotional tools such as advertising, product sampling, demonstrations, money back guarantees and warranties in inducing technological change. Use this theory to develop criteria for assessing the optimal use of marketing activities in launching new agricultural input technologies. Apply the model to analyze existing patterns of marketing budget allocation among promotional tools for various agricultural input industries in the United States and Israel. Background to the Topic. Marketing tools (money-back guarantees [MBG] demonstration, free sampling and advertising) are used extensively to induce the adoption of agricultural inputs, but there is little understanding of their impacts on the diffusion of new technologies. The agricultural economic literature on technology adoption ignores marketing efforts by the private sector, which may result in misleading extension and technology transfer policies. There is a need to integrate marketing and economic approaches in analyzing technology adoption, especially in the area of agricultural inputs. Major Conclusion. Marketing tools play an important role in reducing uncertainties about product performance. They assist potential buyers to learn both about objective features, about a product, and about product fit to the buyer's need. Tools, such as MBGs and demonstration, provide different information about product fit but also require different degrees of cost for the consumer. In some situations they can be complimentary and optimal strategy combines the use of both. In other situations there will be substitution. Sampling is used to reduce the uncertainty about non-durable goods. An optimal level of informational tools declines throughout the life of a product but stays positive at a steady state. Implications. Recognizing the heterogeneity of consumers and the sources of their uncertainty about new technologies is crucial to develop a marketing strategy that will enhance the adoption of innovation. When fit uncertainty is high, allowing an MBG option, as well as a demonstration, may be an optimal strategy to enhance adoption.
Broad-spectrum Resistance to Root-Knot Nematodes in Transgenic Cucurbits
Authors: Davis Eric L. , Oka Yuji , Gal-On Amit , Wehner Todd , Zelcer Aaron
Published: December 2021

Root-knot nematodes (RKN), Meloidogyne spp., are extremely destructive pathogens of cucurbit crops grown in the United States and Israel. The safety and environmental concerns of toxic nematicides, and limited sources of natural cucurbit resistance to the four major species of Meloidogyne that threaten these crops in Israel and the U.S., have emphasized the use of biotechnology to develop cucurbits with novel RKN resistance. The U.S. scientists have identified over 40 unique RKN parasitism genes that encode nematode secretions involved in successful plant root infection by RKN, and they have demonstrated that expression of a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) complementary to a RKN parasitism gene (called 16DIO) in Arabidopsis thaliana induced RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated silencing of the RKN16DlO gene and produced transgenic plants with strong resistance to all four major RKN species. The expression 8D05 parasitism gene was found to coincide with the timing of upregulation of NtCel7 promoter (identified to be upregulated in giantcells by US scientists). NtCel7 promoter was used to express the genes at the right time (early stages of infection) and in the right place (giant-cells) in transgenic plants. US partners produced NtCel7 (nematode-induced promoter)-driven 16DlO-RNAi and 8DOS-RNAi constructs, pHANNIBAL 4D03-RNAi construct and modified 16DlO-RNAi construct (for increased RNAi expression and efficacy) for cucurbit transformation in Israel. In Arabidopsis, some 16DlO-RNAi plant lines show greater levels of resistance to M. incognita than others, and within these lines resistance of greater than 90% reduction in infection is observed among almost all replicates in US. The level of observed nematode resistance is likely to be directly correlated with the level of RNAi expression in individual plants. In Israel, all the RKN parasitism genes-RNAi constructs were successfully transformed into cucumber and melon. The transgenic lines were evaluated for expression of the transgene siRNA in leaves and roots. Those displaying transgene siRNA accumulation were passed on for nematode resistance analysis. Rl seedlings from different lines were subjected to evaluation for resistance to M. javanica. None of the lines was resistant to the nematode in contrast with US partner's results in Arabidopsis. This could be for the following reasons: a) The level of transgene siRNA was insufficient in cucumber and tomato to cause resislance. b) 111e nemalode species on cucwnber IIlay be different ur act in a different manner. c) The assay was performed in soil with a high level of nematode inoculation, and not in petri dish, which may not permit the observation of a low level of resistance.
three crops test for the ODO breeding method
Authors: Tadmor Yaakov , Lippman Zachary , Jackson David , Zamir Dani
Published: December 2021

Hybrid vigor is the leading concept that rules crops breeding for almost a century. Yet, the exact mechanism that underlies heterosis is not clear. Over dominance interaction between alleles is one of the possible explanations. Our preliminary results indicated that severe developmental mutations at the heterozygous state have significant potential to improve plant performance. This led us to propose the ‘ODO breeding method’ that is based replacing a parental line of a successful hybrid with its mutated from to improve hybrid performance. Our BARD research challenged this method in three crop systems: maize, tomato and melon. In maize we could not detect any effect of mutant heterozigosity on yield or yield components when hybrids were tested however when we analyzed the effect of heterozigosity in mutant genes at B73 genetic background we could detect ODO in yield components using certain mutants. Our results indicate that the potential of utilizing the ODO Breeding Method for maize remains unclear. In tomato we overcame technical problems we faced in creating an EMS mutation library in indeterminate glasshouse tomatoes and now we have in our hands advanced material to study the putative ODO hybrids. We transferred some of the promising ODO mutations from M82 to indeterminate glasshouse tomatoes and putative ODO hybrids are ready to be evaluated this winter. In addition, we tested the effect of In melon we compared putative ‘ODO hybrids’ with their isogenic hybrids lacking the mutant allele and our results indicated a potential for the ODO breeding method to improve yield, fruit number per plant, and carotenoids content. Additional experiments are required to estimate better the expected success percentage of the ODO breeding method in melon so that it will become a recommended practice for improving hybrid performance. Based on our results we can't yet recommend the 'ODO breeding method' as a general tool to improve hybrid performance and more efforts are necessary to evaluate the percent of success of this method. The increased carotenoid content we found in association with CRTISO heterozygosity is promising and additional experiments are currently being performed to characterize this finding.
Gastrointestinal osmoregulatory activity in Tilapia and its effects on growth, an opportunity for fish diet developments
Authors: Cnaani Avner , Grau Gordon , Lerner Darren , Harpaz Sheenan
Published: December 2021

Fish living in freshwater and seawater environments experience constant osmotic pressure between their internal body and the surrounding water. Regulation of ion and water balance under these conditions is highly energetic demanding, and eventually, affects the fish growth. While the role of the gills in osmoregulation was extensively studied, the osmoregulatory activity of the gastrointestinal tract is less known. In this study we characterized the tilapia intestine as a multifunctional organ, having a role in both nutrition and in ion regulation. We studied the pituitary endocrine regulation of intestinal salinity adaptation, the salinity-dependent physiological activity along different intestinal sections, and specific genes that are linking nutrient absorption with ion and acid-base regulation. The results of this study indicate that different intestinal sections developed various specific activities. Their endocrine regulation is now better understood, a large data-set of salinity dependent gene transcript was developed, as well as new tools and methods to study new aspects of intestinal physiology.
ВПЛИВ ПАНДЕМІЇ COVID-19 НА РИНОК ПРАЦІ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Сало Яна , Базелюк Олександр
Published: December 2021

Стаття присвячена актуальним питанням впливу пандемії коронавірусу SARS-CoV-2 на ринок праці в Україні. З’ясовано світові прогнози впливу коронакризи на ринок праці. Проаналізовано та систематизовано наслідки такого впливу на різні аспекти функціонування національного ринку праці. Визначено вплив динаміки кількості захворювань, смертності на трудові ресурси України, на зміну рівня безробіття в 2020-2021 рр., структурні зміни в складі трудових ресурсів та зростання попиту на окремі професії, можливості дистанційної роботи з урахуванням процесів цифровізації, особливості змін трудової міграції, зміни в диференціації доходів населення, гендерні наслідки. З’ясовано основні галузі, які найбільше та найменше постраждали від наслідків впливу COVID-19, а також особливості зміни їх сегментів на загальному ринку праці. Окреслено можливі короткострокові та довгострокові наслідки впливу карантинних заходів на стан ринку.