bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rationale Therapie mit Erythrozytenkonzentraten – Update 2020
Authors: Schoenes Bernd , Schrezenmeier Hubert , Welte Martin
Published: February 2021

Der Einsatz von Erythrozytenkonzentraten muss dem Gebot einer rationalen Indikation folgen. Um dies weiter zu gewährleisten, wurden die 2009 publizierten und zuletzt 2014 in Teilen revidierten „Querschnitts-Leitlinien zur Therapie mit Blutkomponenten und Plasmaderivaten“ 1 der Bundesärztekammer 2020 einer systematischen Novellierung unterzogen. Der Artikel stellt sie vor.
Anatomie der V. saphena magna und parva
Authors: Mendoza Erika
Published: February 2021

In der Phlebologie ist die Varikose die häufigste Erkrankung. Dabei sind die V. saphena magna und V. saphena parva meist in die pathologische Rezirkulation involviert. Ihre Anatomie ist relativ konstant, bis auf Feinheiten im Mündungsbereich und Verlauf, die jedoch in einer Zeit, in der es verschiedene Techniken und Strategien zur Behandlung der Varikose gibt, mit ins Kalkül gezogen werden müssen. Somit kann man es erlauben, den Patienten den möglichst nebenwirkungsarmen Eingriff mit der geringsten Rezidivhäufigkeit anzubieten. Der Ultraschall ist heute der Goldstandard in der Untersuchung der Beinvenen; daher muss die Anatomie der Venen immer auch im Ultraschall verstanden werden. Der Artikel beleuchtet schematisch die Anatomie und ergänzt die Beschreibung mit typischen Schallbildern zur V. saphena magna und parva.
Wirkungsaussagen auf Websites: Abmahnfallen vermeiden!
Authors: Heinz-Georg Bramhoff
Published: February 2021

Sachbezogene und differenzierte Therapieinformationen auf Heilpraktiker-Websites vermitteln – im Gegensatz zu überschwänglichen Wirkungsaussagen – Nutzern und potenziellen Abmahnern die erforderliche Seriosität. Sofern – wie bei den meisten naturheilkundlichen Verfahren – für die angestrebte Wirkung keine Evidenz vorliegt, muss dies in Zusammenhang mit der Therapieinformation entsprechend dargestellt werden. Absolute Therapieaussagen wie „korrigiert Fehlstellungen“ müssen ersetzt werden durch Formulierungen wie „kann nach Beobachtungen einzelner Therapeuten oftmals Fehlstellungen korrigieren“.
Erfahrungen zur Gewalt gegen Rettungskräfte – aus der Sicht des DRK
Authors: Sefrin Peter , Händlmeyer Annette , Stadler Thomas , Kast Wolfgang
Published: February 2021

Berichte über Gewalt gegen Rettungskräfte werden immer häufiger. Vor diesem Hintergrund sollten spezielle Faktoren eruiert werden. Im Jahr 2019 führte das Deutsche Rote Kreuz (DRK) eine Umfrage zum Thema Gewalt gegen Einsatzkräfte im Rettungsdienst durch. In insgesamt 425 Fragebogen berichteten Einsatzkräfte über mindestens eine Gewaltanwendung in den vergangenen 12 Monaten. Ziel der Befragung war nicht die Erfassung der konkreten Anzahl der Übergriffe, sondern das Gewinnen von Angaben zu den Rahmenbedingungen. Die betroffenen Rettungsdienstmitarbeiter
1
waren zu 73,4% männlich und überwiegend in der Altersgruppe der 18 – 29-Jährigen. Es waren sowohl Notfallsanitäter (29,4%), Rettungsassistenten (14,8%) und Rettungssanitäter (33,6%) als auch weitere Rettungsdienstmitarbeiter betroffen. Die Übergriffe waren hauptsächlich verbal (40,3%). Der Anteil der tätlichen Gewalt betrug 14,4%. Die körperlichen Angriffe ereigneten sich meist
seltener als 1 – 2-mal pro Monat (83,8%), während die verbalen Angriffe oft häufiger erfolgten. Jeder 2. Angriff passierte im innerstädtischen Bereich (52,2%), wobei sozial problematische Wohngebiete vordergründig waren. Die Verteilung ist jedoch abhängig von Orten mit verschiedenen Einwohnerzahlen. Am häufigsten fanden die Gewaltanwendungen abends und nachts statt, meist während der Versorgung des Patienten (56,7%). Der Täter war in drei Viertel der Fälle der Patient selbst, jedoch zu gleichen Teilen auch Freunde (42,6%) und Angehörige (40,7%). Ein Schwerpunktort der Übergriffe sind unabhängig von der Größe der Orte Großveranstaltungen. Soweit feststellbar spielten Alkohol und Drogen eine wesentliche Rolle. Die Folge seitens der Betroffenen war bei 2,1% eine so schwere Schädigung, dass sie zu einer Krankschreibung von 1 Tag und im Extremfall bis zu 40 Tagen führte. In jedem 2. Fall wurde die Polizei entweder aufgrund des Meldebildes oder durch den Rettungsdienst vor Ort
alarmiert. 76% der Betroffenen wünschen eine gesonderte Schulung im Umgang mit Gewalt im Rahmen der Fortbildung. Das Mittel der Wahl seitens der Politik zur Verbesserung der Situation ist nach Meinung der Rettungsdienstmitarbeiter die Anhebung der pekuniären Strafen. Eine weitere Strafverschärfung scheint vor dem Hintergrund des Täterprofils und der Umgebungsbedingungen und der bei der in der Bevölkerung teilweise bestehenden Respektlosigkeit kein gangbarer Weg zu sein. Inwieweit eine intensivere Aufklärung zu einer Verbesserung der Situation führen kann, kann derzeit nur vermutet werden. Aus den Ergebnissen abgeleitet wurden Forderungen für die Zukunft erhoben.
Gender disparities in advanced endoscopy fellowship
Authors: Yu Jessica X. , Berzin Tyler M. , Enestvedt Brintha , Anderson Michelle A. , Popov Violeta B. , Thompson Christopher C. , Schulman Allison R.
Published: February 2021

Background and study aims Women remain underrepresented in gastroenterology, especially advanced endoscopy. Women represent 30 % of general gastroenterology fellows; yet in 2019, only 12.8 % of fellows who matched into advanced endoscopy fellowship (AEF) programs were women.

Methods We administered a web-based survey to the program directors (PDs) of AEF programs that participated in the 2018–2019 American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) match. We assessed PD and program characteristics, in addition to perceived barriers and facilitators (scale 1–5, 5 = most important) influencing women pursuing AEF training.

Results We received 38 (59.3 %) responses from 64 PDs. 15.8 % (6/38) of AEF PDs and 13.2 % (5/38) of endoscopy chiefs were women. By program, women represented 14.8 % (mean) ± 17.0 % (SD) of AEF faculty and 12.0 % (mean) ± 11.1 % (SD) of AEF trainees over the past 10 years. 47.4 % (18/38) programs reported no female advanced endoscopy faculty and 31.6 % (12/38) of programs have never had a female fellow. Percentage of female fellows was strongly associated with percentage of female AEF faculty (ß = 0.43, P < 0.001). Inflexible hours and call (mean rank 3.3 ± 1.1), exposure to fluoroscopy (2.9 ± 1.1), lack of women endoscopists at national conferences/courses (2.9 ± 1.1) and lack of female mentorship (2.9 ± 1.0) were cited as the most important barriers to recruitment.

Conclusion We utilized a survey of AEF PDs participating in the ASGE match to determine program characteristics and identify contributors to gender disparity. Women represent a minority of AEF PDs, endoscopy chiefs, advanced endoscopy faculty and AEF trainees. Our study highlights perceived barriers and facilitators to recruitment, and emphasizes the importance of having female representation in faculty, and leadership positions in endoscopy.
Hand in Hand für den Berufsstand
Authors: Bierbach Elvira , Blumbach Christian
Published: February 2021

Seitdem Bundesgesundheitsminister Jens Spahn 2019 ein Rechtsgutachten zum Heilpraktikerrecht in Auftrag gegeben hat, geht eine Welle der Verunsicherung durch die Reihen der Heilpraktiker und Heilpraktikeranwärter. Werden wir jetzt abgeschafft, soll das Heilpraktikergesetz reformiert werden, wird die Ausbildung akademisiert – das sind nur einige der Spekulationen. Fest steht: Die Zeichen stehen auf Veränderung. In welcher Form und in welchem Ausmaß, ist bisher ungewiss. Ein Interview mit HP Elvira Bierbach und HP Christian Blumbach, dem Sprecherteam der Gesamtkonferenz der Heilpraktikerverbände und Fachgesellschaften.
TissueCypher Barrett’s esophagus assay impacts clinical decisions in the management of patients with Barrett’s esophagus
Authors: Diehl David L. , Khara Harshit S. , Akhtar Nasir , Critchley-Thorne Rebecca J.
Published: February 2021

Background and study aims The TissueCypher Barrett’s Esophagus Assay is a novel tissue biomarker test, and has been validated to predict progression to high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) in patients with Barrett’s esophagus (BE). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of TissueCypher on clinical decision-making in the management of BE.

Patients and methods TissueCypher was ordered for 60 patients with non-dysplastic (ND, n = 18) BE, indefinite for dysplasia (IND, n = 25), and low-grade dysplasia (LGD, n = 17). TissueCypher reports a risk class (low, intermediate or high) for progression to HGD or EAC within 5 years. The impact of the test results on BE management decisions was assessed.

Results Fifty-two of 60 patients were male, mean age 65.2 ± 11.8, and 43 of 60 had long segment BE. TissueCypher results impacted 55.0 % of management decisions. In 21.7 % of patients, the test upstaged the management approach, resulting in endoscopic eradication therapy (EET) or shorter surveillance interval. The test downstaged the management approach in 33.4 % of patients, leading to surveillance rather than EET. In the subset of patients whose management plan was changed, upstaging was associated with a high-risk TissueCypher result, and downstaging was associated with a low-risk result (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions TissueCypher was used as an adjunct to support a surveillance-only approach in 33.4 % of patients. Upstaging occurred in 21.7 % of patients, leading to therapeutic intervention or increased surveillance. These results indicate that the TissueCypher test may enable physicians to target EET for TissueCypher high-risk BE patients, while reducing unnecessary procedures in TissueCypher low-risk patients.
Comparison of colonoscopy after colonic diverticulitis and positive fecal immunochemical tests for the detection of colorectal neoplasia
Authors: Nakamatsu Dai , Nishida Tsutomu , Kuriki Shinji , Chang Li-sa , Aochi Kazuki , Meren Emi , Sakamoto Tatsuya , Tomita Ryo , Higaki Yu , Osugi Naoto , Sugimoto Aya , Takahashi Kei , Mukai Kaori , Matsumoto Kengo , Hayashi Shiro , Nakajima Sachiko , Yamamoto Masashi , Fukui Koji , Inada Masami
Published: February 2021

Background and study aims The relationship between acute colonic diverticulitis and colorectal cancer (CRC) is unclear, but colonoscopy is recommended to exclude malignancy. We compared the detection rates for colorectal neoplasia in patients with colonic diverticulitis and asymptomatic patients who had positive fecal immunochemical tests (FITs).

Patients and methods In total, 282 patients with acute colonic diverticulitis were hospitalized in our hospital from February 2011 to December 2019. Of them, 143 patients with diverticulitis and 1819 with positive FITs patients during the same period underwent colonoscopy without a prior colonoscopy within 5 years. We retrospectively compared these patients in terms of the invasive CRC rate, advanced neoplasia detection rate (ANDR), adenoma detection rate (ADR), and polyp detection rate (PDR).

Results Compared to the diverticulitis group, the FIT-positive group had a significantly higher CRC rate (0 vs 2.7 %, P = 0.0061), ANDR (5.6 vs. 14.0 %, P = 0.0017), ADR (19.6 vs. 53.2 %, P < .0001), and PDR (44.1 vs. 91.0 %, P < .0001). Using 1:1 propensity score matching based on age and sex, we obtained 276 matched patients in both groups. After matching, no difference was found in the CRC rate (0 vs 0.7 %) or ANDR (5.8 vs 7.3 %) between groups, but the ADR and PDR were significantly higher in the FIT-positive group (20.3 vs 43.5 %, P < .0001; 45.7 % vs 86.2 %, P < .0001).

Conclusion Patients with acute diverticulitis had lower ADRs and PDRs than patients with positive FITs.
Zusatzerwerb: Keine Angst vor dem Gewinn
Authors: Ermen Gabriele
Published: February 2021

Angesichts zum Teil stagnierender oder rückläufiger Praxisumsätze – oder einfach zur sinnvollen Ergänzung des Angebots – bietet sich für viele Heilpraktiker die Unterhaltung eines Zusatzgewerbes beziehungsweise Zusatzerwerbs an. Die Anmeldung eines Gewerbes, getrennte Buchführung und die Nutzung der Kleinunternehmergrenze ermöglichen ohne größere formale und logistische Hürden den fließenden Einstieg in den Zusatzerwerb. Zur Ergänzung des Angebots eignen sich unter anderem Dienstleistungen wie Dozenten- und Referententätigkeit, Coaching oder Kursleitungen sowie in engen Grenzen auch der Verkauf nützlicher Hilfsmittel.
Antwort: Erwiderung auf den Leserbrief von Prof. Dr. Pohlandt
Authors: Heller Günther , Schnell Rainer , Rossi Rainer , Thomas Teresa , Maier Rolf F.
Published: February 2021

Wir danken Herrn Prof. Pohlandt für seinen Leserbrief und die darin gestellten Fragen zu unserem Artikel „Wie hoch ist die optimale Mindestmenge für die Behandlung Frühgeborener mit einem Geburtsgewicht unter 1250 g in Deutschland?“ 1 und möchten im Folgenden auf die einzelnen Punkte eingehen:
Preisverleihung des Verbands Deutsche Nierenzentren (DN) e. V.
Authors: Großmann Anne
Published: February 2021

Im November 2020 ehrte der Verband Deutsche Nierenzentren (DN) e. V. 3 herausragende Forschungsarbeiten im Bereich der chronischen Niereninsuffizienz und im Besonderen auf dem Gebiet der ambulanten Nierenersatztherapie.
Förderpreis Nephrologische Pflege 2021
Authors: Schäfer Christian
Published: February 2021

Die Thieme Gruppe schreibt im Jahr 2021 wieder den Förderpreis Nephrologische Pflege aus und stiftet das Preisgeld von 1500 Euro.
Digital Transfer for Hand Reconstruction in Cleft Hand and Foot Differences
Authors: Taghinia Amir H. , Taylor Erin M. , Winograd Jonathan , Labow Brian I. , Upton Joseph
Published: February 2021

Background Digital transfer for hand reconstruction in children with cleft hand and foot differences present unique challenges with anomalous anatomy and rare opportunities to dramatically improve function of one- or two-digit hands.

Methods Medical records were reviewed for patients with cleft hand and foot treated at two pediatric institutions between 1996 and 2018. Hospital records, clinical photographs, radiographs, and alginate molds were available on all patients. Patient characteristics, indications for transfer, associated syndromes, donor and recipient anatomy, and complications were examined.

Results Twenty digital transfers were identified in 16 patients. The mean age at time of transfer was 6 years (range: 3–18 years). Associated syndromes in this study included ectrodactyly ectodermal dysplasia clefting (EEC) syndrome and Goltz's syndrome. Recipient sites included the thumb (n = 17) and index ray (n = 3) in 10 hands with monodactyly, 6 hands with a two-digit ulnar syndactyly, and 3 hands with central deficiency and associated polydactyly or other anomalies. Donor sites included the great toe (n = 7), fifth toe (n = 9), great toe polydactyly (n = 2), thumb polydactyly (n = 1), and second toe (n = 1). All transfers survived. Revisions included tenolysis (n = 2), repeat fixation for nonunion or malunion (n = 2), and fusion for instability (n = 3).

Conclusion Digital transfer in cleft hand and foot patients is a functional endeavor. The transferred digits provide sensation, mobility, and stability for opposition. Technically challenging due to small structures and atypical anatomy, these rare cases represent unique opportunities to improve function and appearance in the pediatric hand. This is a therapeutic study and reflects level of evidence IV.
Textile-based cathodes for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Larter Raima
Published: February 2021

A layer-by-layer technique for assembling flexible textile-based cathodes with a high surface area achieves unprecedented mass loading, greatly increasing areal capacity.
An improved high-efficiency relativistic magnetron with a novel cathode endcap
Authors: Liu Zeyang , Fan Yuwei , Wang Xiaoyu , Li Sirui , Li Ankun
Published: February 2021

The relativistic magnetron has a series of advantages, such as high efficiency, compact structure, and tunability. In this paper, an improved modified high-efficiency relativistic magnetron with a novel cathode endcap is presented and investigated numerically. In simulation, high-power microwave of the transverse electromagnetic mode is generated with an average power of 1.56 GW, frequency of 1.593 GHz, and power efficiency of 75.8% when the voltage is 586 kV and the current is 3.59 kA. Compared with a conventional cathode endcap, the novel cathode endcap has two advantages. First, the efficiency is increased from 56.4% to 75.8%. Second, the maximum electric field is reduced from 1.4 MV/cm to 1.0 MV/cm. The simulation results verify the validity of the novel cathode endcap.
Control of gas concentration distribution in a semiconductor process chamber using CT-TDLAS measurement
Authors: Hayashi Daisuke , Sakaguchi Yuhei , Minami Masakazu
Published: February 2021

Methane (CH4) concentration distribution in a semiconductor process chamber was controlled using the measurement of computed tomography-tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (CT-TDLAS) and the feedback control toward the feeding CH4 concentrations and flow rates. CH4 diluted with nitrogen was fed into the chamber through a shower head having three separate and concentric areas. Thirty-two laser paths were configured in the chamber to collect the infrared absorption spectra for the CT-TDLAS measurement. The computed tomography calculation using the 32 spectra reconstructed the two-dimensional CH4 concentration distribution in the chamber. The measured concentration distribution was updated once per second. Based on the measured concentration distribution, the feedback control algorithm determined the feeding CH4 concentration and flow rate of each shower head area. In this work, we set the target distribution as a ring shape. In the control algorithm, first the feeding CH4 flow rate of each shower head area was adjusted to match the concentration peak radius in the measured distribution to the radius in the target distribution. Then, the feeding CH4 concentration of each area was adjusted in sequence to match the measured average concentration of each area to the corresponding concentration in the target distribution. The algorithm worked successfully, and the concentration distribution reached the target distribution. The extension of the application and its limitations were also discussed.
Wavelet analysis of shearless turbulent mixing layer
Authors: Matsushima T. , Nagata K. , Watanabe T.
Published: February 2021

The intermittency and scaling exponents of structure functions are experimentally studied in a shearless turbulent mixing layer. Motivated by previous studies on the anomalous scaling in homogeneous/inhomogeneous turbulent flows, this study aims to investigate the effect of strong intermittency caused by turbulent kinetic energy diffusion without energy production by mean shear. We applied an orthonormal wavelet transformation to time series data of streamwise velocity fluctuations measured by hot-wire anemometry. Intermittent fluctuations are extracted by a conditional method with the local intermittency measure, and the scaling exponents of strong and weak intermittent fluctuations are calculated based on the extended self-similarity. The results show that the intermittency is stronger in the mixing layer region than in the quasi-homogeneous isotropic turbulent regions, especially at small scales. The deviation of higher-order scaling exponents from Kolmogorov's self-similarity hypothesis is significant in the mixing layer region, and the large deviation is caused by strong, intermittent fluctuations even without mean shear. The total intermittent energy ratio is also different in the mixing layer region, suggesting that the total intermittent energy ratio is not universal but depends on turbulent flows. The scaling exponents of weak fluctuations with a wavelet coefficient flatness corresponding to the Gaussian distribution value of 3 follow the Kolmogorov theory up to fifth order. However, the sixth order scaling exponent is still affected by these weak fluctuations.
Use of spike moisture content to define physiological maturity and quantify progress through grain development in wheat and barley
Authors: Celestina Corinne , Bloomfield Maxwell T. , Stefanova Katia , Hunt James R.
Published: February 2021

A single measurement is useful for determining how far a crop has progressed through grain development, and whether it has reached physiological maturity. Grain development is commonly assessed by using subjective, qualitative methods that describe the look and feel of the kernel or the colour of the straw. Physiological maturity in cereal crops can be determined more accurately by the grain moisture content; however, the moisture content of whole spikes is potentially quicker and easier to assess than that of individual kernels, and with a greater degree of accuracy. This experiment aimed to characterise the moisture dynamics of whole intact wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) spikes during the grain development phase and identify the spike moisture content corresponding to physiological maturity for both species. The dry matter and water contents of whole spikes of five wheat and five barley cultivars sown over six dates were determined at weekly intervals throughout the period of grain development from anthesis to harvest ripeness. Use of regression analysis determined that the spike moisture content at physiological maturity was 43% (95% confidence interval 41–45%) for wheat and 50% (95% confidence interval 49–51%) for barley, irrespective of differences in cultivar morphology, phenology and growing conditions. We demonstrate that progression through kernel development in wheat and barley can be assessed objectively and quantitatively by using spike moisture content, and we provide guidelines for accurate determination of the grain development stage using spike moisture.
Effects of ecotourism on eastern yellow robin (
Authors: Potvin Dominique A. , Anderson Madeline K. , Levengood Alexis L.
Published: February 2021

Ecotourism attempts to provide sustainable tourism with a focus on experiencing natural areas to foster environmental appreciation. However, it is often seen as a paradox, since associated infrastructure and activity can have detrimental effects on wildlife. One aspect that has been overlooked in this context is the potential impact of ecotourists on vocal behaviour, especially of birds. Many birds are susceptible to anthropogenic noise, avoiding noisy areas, or changing vocal activity within them. We used passive recording techniques to quantify vocal behaviours of a native Australian songbird, the eastern yellow robin, at an ecotourist resort to investigate how tourist presence might affect vocal behaviours. We found that during peak tourism seasonal periods, robins sang fewer songs, and these songs were shorter. However, this same pattern was observed on weekdays compared with weekends, when tourist numbers are generally lower. This seemingly contradictory pattern may be explained by the fact that maintenance of the resort grounds occurred predominantly on weekdays, with noise levels comparable to those detected during periods of high tourism. Thus, ecotourism infrastructure can have layered effects on bird vocal activity: tourist numbers as well as maintenance practices should be considered within the context of local wildlife conservation.
Emergence of diauxie as an optimal growth strategy under resource allocation constraints in cellular metabolism
Authors: Salvy Pierre , Hatzimanikatis Vassily
Published: February 2021

Significance

When several sugars are at its disposition, the bacteriumEscherichia coliconsumes them in a specific order—a behavior called diauxie. We developed a framework combining dynamic methods and models of metabolism and gene expression to show that diauxie and its associated lag in cell growth can be explained simply as an optimal behavior under constraints on the protein amount and renewal in a cell. We validate our model by reproducing experimental results and successfully predict a diauxic behavior on a growth medium containing two types of sugar, glucose and lactose. Finally, we claim that the regulation mechanism inducing diauxie (thelacoperon) is a control system to implement growth optimality at the cellular level.
Microstructural evolution of Mg–6Zn–0.6Zr alloy during high strain rate compression deformation
Authors: Zhou Le , Zhang Jianping , Li Yutian , Wang Zhi , Liu Shimeng , Wang Feng , Mao Pingli , Liu Zheng
Published: February 2021

In this study, the microstructural evolution and single magnesium cell deformation behaviour of extruded Mg–6Zn–0.6Zr alloy were investigated along the extrusion direction with strain rate at 1800 s−1 using a split Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus. The microstructural evolution and deformation mechanism were studied by X-ray diffraction, electron back scatter diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Analysis of the microstructural evolution shows that [Formula: see text] <10[Formula: see text] 0> tension twinning and (0001)<11[Formula: see text] 0> basal plane slip were dominant when the strain was less than 6%, and [Formula: see text] <11[Formula: see text] 3> pyramidal plane slip was the major deformation mechanism when the strain exceeded 6%. In particular, the transformation process of single magnesium crystal cell during deformation was studied in detail.
Exploring High Secure Forensic Patients’ Experiences of Familial Support: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Authors: Gillespie Martha , Quayle Ethel , Judge Joe
Published: February 2021

Research has identified positive relationships between familial support and outcomes for forensic mental health patients. Such support has been linked to reduced recidivism, improved mental health and increased prosocial behavior. Whilst some studies have explored families’ experiences of providing such support, there is a paucity of research exploring patients’ narratives. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, the current study interviewed patients at a high secure forensic hospital and asked questions about their experiences of familial support. Results indicated four superordinate themes; Connection, Growth, Power, and Ambivalence. These results are discussed in relation to existing findings and clinical implications. Areas for future research are suggested.
A tunable ultrasensitive plasmonic biosensor based on α-MoO3/graphene hybrid architecture
Authors: Wei Chenwei , Cao Tun
Published: February 2021

Two-dimensional (2D) materials attract wide attention due to their unique exciting physical properties, which offer new opportunities to design novel devices with enhanced or multiple functionalities. In particular, α-phase molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO3) is an emerging 2D material and exhibits strong anisotropic optical properties and low optical losses in the visible region, making it a promising candidate in tunable optical devices. Here, we proposed a tunable plasmonic biosensor based on α-MoO3/graphene hybrid architectures. By optimizing Au film thickness, the number of α-MoO3 layers and rotation angle, our proposed biosensor can achieve a high phase detection sensitivity of 1.5172 × 105 deg RIU−1 with a biosensor configuration of SF11 prism/47 nm Au/6-layer α-MoO3/monolayer graphene at the rotation angle ϕ = 60°. In addition, the proposed biosensor represents tunable phase detection sensitivity since α-MoO3 can act as a polarizer. Our approach offers a new direction in the development of tunable ultrasensitive plasmonic biosensors for label-free detection and ultralow-concentration analytes.
Two-dimensional germanium islands with Dirac signature on Ag2Ge surface alloy
Authors: Deng Jiaqi , Ablat Gulnigar , Yang Yumu , Fu Xiaoshuai , Wu Qilong , Li Ping , Zhang Li , Safaei Ali , Zhang Lijie , Qin Zhihui
Published: February 2021

Two-dimensional (2D) Dirac materials have attracted intense research efforts due to their promise for applications ranging from field-effect transistors and low-power electronics to fault-tolerant quantum computation. One key challenge is to fabricate 2D Dirac materials hosting Dirac electrons. Here, monolayer germanene is successfully fabricated on a Ag2Ge surface alloy. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements revealed a linear energy dispersion relation. The latter was supported by density functional theory calculations. These results demonstrate that monolayer germanene can be realistically fabricated on a Ag2Ge surface alloy. The finding opens the door to exploration and study of 2D Dirac material physics and device applications.
Unoccupied electronic states of 2D Si on Ag-

3

-Si(111)
Authors: Mrezguia H , Giovanelli L , Ksari Y , Akremi A , Themlin J-M
Published: February 2021

Optimizing substrate characterization to grow 2D Si layers on surfaces is a major issue toward the development of synthesis techniques of the promising silicene. We have used inverse photoemission spectroscopy (IPES) to study the electronic band structure of an ordered 2D Si layer on the

3

×

3

-Ag/Si(111) surface (

3

-Ag). Exploiting the large upwards band bending of the

3

-Ag substrate, we could investigate the evolution of the unoccupied surface and interface states in most of the Si band gap. In particular, the k
∥-dispersion of the

3

-Ag free-electron-like S
1 surface state measured by IPES, is reported for the first time. Upon deposition of ∼1 ML Si on

3

-Ag maintained at ∼200 °C, the interface undergoes a metal-insulator transition with the complete disappearance of the S
1 state. The latter is replaced by a higher-lying state U
0 with a minimum at 1.0 eV above E
F. The origin of this new state is discussed in terms of various Si 2D structures including silicene.
Perturbation theory in the complex plane: exceptional points and where to find them
Authors: Marie Antoine , Burton Hugh G A , Loos Pierre-François
Published: February 2021

We explore the non-Hermitian extension of quantum chemistry in the complex plane and its link with perturbation theory. We observe that the physics of a quantum system is intimately connected to the position of complex-valued energy singularities, known as exceptional points. After presenting the fundamental concepts of non-Hermitian quantum chemistry in the complex plane, including the mean-field Hartree–Fock approximation and Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory, we provide a historical overview of the various research activities that have been performed on the physics of singularities. In particular, we highlight seminal work on the convergence behaviour of perturbative series obtained within Møller–Plesset perturbation theory, and its links with quantum phase transitions. We also discuss several resummation techniques (such as Padé and quadratic approximants) that can improve the overall accuracy of the Møller–Plesset perturbative series in both convergent and divergent cases. Each of these points is illustrated using the Hubbard dimer at half filling, which proves to be a versatile model for understanding the subtlety of analytically-continued perturbation theory in the complex plane.
Anterior–posterior distension of maximal upper esophageal sphincter opening is correlated with high-resolution cervical auscultation signal features
Authors: Shu Kechen , Coyle James L , Perera Subashan , Khalifa Yassin , Sabry Aliaa , Sejdić Ervin
Published: February 2021

Objective. Adequate upper esophageal sphincter (UES) opening is essential during swallowing to enable clearance of material into the digestive system, and videofluoroscopy (VF) is the most commonly deployed instrumental examination for assessment of UES opening. High-resolution cervical auscultation (HRCA) has been shown to be an effective, portable and cost-efficient screening tool for dysphagia with strong capabilities in non-invasively and accurately approximating manual measurements of VF images. In this study, we aimed to examine whether the HRCA signals are correlated to the manually measured anterior–posterior (AP) distension of maximal UES opening from VF recordings, under the hypothesis that they would be strongly associated. Approach. We developed a standardized method to spatially measure the AP distension of maximal UES opening in 203 swallows VF recording from 27 patients referred for VF due to suspected dysphagia. Statistical analysis was conducted to compare the manually measured AP distension of maximal UES opening from lateral plane VF images and features extracted from two sets of HRCA signal segments: whole swallow segments and segments excluding all events other than the duration of UES is opening. Main results. HRCA signal features were significantly associated with the normalized AP distension of the maximal UES opening in the longer whole swallowing segments and the association became much stronger when analysis was performed solely during the duration of UES opening. Significance. This preliminary feasibility study demonstrated the potential value of HRCA signals features in approximating the objective measurements of maximal UES AP distension and paves the way of developing HRCA to non-invasively and accurately predict human spatial measurement of VF kinematic events.
Mitigation of multibeam stimulated Raman scattering with polychromatic light
Authors: Zhao Yao , Wu Charles F , Weng Suming , Sheng Zhengming , Zhu Jianqiang
Published: February 2021

A theoretical analysis is presented for the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) driven by multiple beams with certain frequency differences or bandwidths. The concomitant electrostatic modes are excited by the scattering lights when the pump beams share a common electron plasma wave to drive SRS. This coupling can be suppressed when the frequency difference of the two beams is three times larger than the SRS growth rate of a single beam, where the beams develop their scattering lights independently. To mitigate SRS further under the multibeam irradiation, polychromatic pumps are introduced to reduce the SRS saturation level, where the weakly coupled common modes are heavily damped in hot plasmas. The sidescattering driven by polychromatic light in inhomogeneous plasmas is significantly reduced due to the wavevector mismatch of daughter waves. Particle-in-cell simulations confirm our theoretical analysis and demonstrate that the strength of multibeam SRS and the hot electron production in inhomogeneous plasmas can be controlled at a low level by polychromatic light with a few percentage bandwidth (

≳

3

%

), even in the non-linear regime.
Time-of-flight mass spectrometry of aluminium plasma: investigation of multiply charged ions and clusters
Authors: Saxena Arvind Kumar , Singh R K , Joshi H C
Published: February 2021

Ionic species in laser-produced plasma plume are generally analyzed by the time-of-flight method using a charge collector placed near to the target surface. One of the shortcomings of these methods is sacrifice of the important information for large mass cluster ions and the different charge states of atomic ions. In the present manuscript, design, development, and optimization procedure of a modified Wiley–McLaren type time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS) for the diagnostics of ions and cluster distribution in laser produced plasma (LPP) plume is presented. Second harmonic (532 nm) from a pulsed Nd:YAG laser is used to ablate aluminium disk in a vacuum chamber evacuated to base pressure of 7 × 10−8 mbar. The mass spectrometric results of aluminium (Al) plasma are presented and discussed in detail. To minimize the degradation in detection and mass resolution of spectrometer due to the wide angular and energy spared of the ions in the plasma plume, optimization of the TOF spectrometer in different configurations, single as well as a double field, is also discussed. Cluster ions as large as

A
l

32

+

and multiply charged ions (MCI) up to Al11+ are observed in the mass spectra. The possible pathways for the production of MCI and cluster ions are discussed on the basis of the Coulomb explosion mechanism. The dependence of ion distribution on the laser fluence is also discussed.
Indefinite causal order enables perfect quantum communication with zero capacity channels
Authors: Chiribella Giulio , Banik Manik , Bhattacharya Some Sankar , Guha Tamal , Alimuddin Mir , Roy Arup , Saha Sutapa , Agrawal Sristy , Kar Guruprasad
Published: February 2021

Quantum mechanics is compatible with scenarios where the relative order between two events can be indefinite. Here we show that two independent instances of a noisy process can behave as a perfect quantum communication channel when used in a coherent superposition of two alternative orders. This phenomenon occurs even if the original process has zero capacity to transmit quantum information. In contrast, perfect quantum communication does not occur when the message is sent directly from the sender to the receiver through a superposition of alternative paths, with an independent noise process acting on each path. The possibility of perfect quantum communication through independent noisy channels highlights a fundamental difference between the superposition of orders in time and the superposition of paths in space.
The TAOS II Survey: Real-time Detection and Characterization of Occultation Events
Authors: Huang Chung-Kai , Lehner Matthew J. , Granados Contreras Agueda Paula , Castro-Chacón Joel H. , Chen Wen-Ping , Alcock Charles , Alvarez-Santana Fernando I. , Cook Kem H. , Geary John C. , Guerrero Peña Carlos Alberto , Hernández-Águila Joannes Bosco , Hernández-Valencia Benjamín , Karr Jennifer , Kavelaars J. J. , Norton Timothy , Nuñez Juan Manuel , Ochoa Diego , Reyes-Ruiz Mauricio , Sánchez Edilberto , Silva José Sergio , Szentgyorgyi Andrew , Wang Shiang-Yu , Yen Wei-Ling , Zhang Zhi-Wei
Published: February 2021

The Transneptunian Automated Occultation Survey (TAOS II) is a blind occultation survey with the aim of measuring the size distribution of Trans-Neptunian Objects with diameters in the range of 0.3 ≲ D ≲ 30 km. TAOS II will observe as many as 10,000 stars at a cadence of 20 Hz with all three telescopes simultaneously. This will produce up to ∼20 billion photometric measurements per night, and as many as ∼6 trillion measurements per year, corresponding to over 70 million individual light curves. A very fast analysis pipeline for event detection and characterization is needed to handle this massive data set. The pipeline should be capable of real-time detection of events (within 24 hours of observations) for follow-up observations of any occultations by larger TNOs. In addition, the pipeline should be fast and scalable for large simulations where simulated events are added to the observed light curves to measure detection efficiency and biases in event characterization. Finally, the pipeline should provide estimates of the size of and distance to any occulting objects, including those with non-spherical shapes. This paper describes a new data analysis pipeline for the detection and characterization of occultation events.
Neutrosophic N-structures Applied to KU-algebras
Authors: Vasu M. , Kumar D. Ramesh
Published: February 2021

The notions of a NnKU-subalgebra and a (closed) NnKU-ideal are introduced in this paper. Several related properties and characterizations are investigated in NnKU-subalgebra and a NnKU-ideal. Conditions for a NnKU-ideal to be a closed NnKU-ideal are also given.
On Equitable Irregular Coloring of Jelly Fish and Coconut Tree Graph
Authors: Reena B Cecil Luda , Anitha K
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we determine equitable irregular chromatic number of Jelly Fish J(m, n) and coconut tree graph CT(n, n).
Odd Vertex Out-Magic Total Labeling of Some 2-Regular Digraphs
Authors: Sindhu M. , Chandra Kumar S.
Published: February 2021

Let D(V, A) be a directed graph of order p and size q. An Odd vertex out-magic total labeling (OVOMTL) of a graph D is bijection f : V(D) ∪ A(D) → {1, 2, … p + q} in order f (V(D)) = {1, 3, …, 2p − 1}, for all υ ∈ V (D),

f
(
υ
)
+

∑

u
∈
o
(
υ
)

f

(

(
υ
,
u
)

)

=
M

, a constant. A uGo(v) digraph which admits an OVOMTL is termed as Odd Vertex out-magic total (OVOMT). Herein, we emphasize on feature of some 2-regular directed graphs that are Odd Vertex out-magic total (OVOMT).
Privacy Protection of the Smart Grid System Based on Blockchain
Authors: Liu Siyuan , Zhang Qiong , Liu Honggang
Published: February 2021

With the development of new technologies for smart grid construction, the smart grid is gradually developing. Smart grid construction is an important field of next generation information technology, and its value and significance have been widely recognized. Smart grid construction not only provides development opportunities, but also brings great challenges. Security and privacy have become serious problems in the development of smart grid. Based on this, this paper discusses the system structure of the block chain, and puts forward the security diagnosis scheme of the smart grid according to the existing problems in the smart grid. Based on the theoretical basis of smart grid big data technology, this paper combines the grid data encryption process with the privacy protection process under the premise of protecting privacy and security, and develops the latest network security protocol. Then use block chain distributed storage to reduce the connection protection process in privacy, and use multi-level encryption. The experimental results show that the technology can improve the rate of sensitive data hiding and has good anti-cracking ability, which provides a theoretical reference for the construction of enterprise power grid.
Data Mining System and Construction Analysis of Skilled Talents based on Big Data
Authors: Guan Yibo
Published: February 2021

The cultivation of high-quality skilled talents is an important subject that needs to be improved in the current vocational college education. Through the construction of the training mechanism corresponding to the specialty, the students’ practical ability can be promoted. Driven by big data, many technical enterprises gradually strengthen the recruitment of technical talents. However, due to the wide distribution of talents, data mining is more difficult. Therefore, it introduces the data mining system and construction analysis of skilled talents based on big data. This paper first analyzes the demand of skilled talents; secondly, the popular data mining technology is applied to this big data system, and the reasons for the low efficiency of data analysis and processing of skilled talents are obtained; then, the Bayesian algorithm in data mining technology is used to classify the technical talents, so that the enterprises in need can select and locate the skilled talents Data positioning is also carried out. Finally, it is concluded that the system can effectively promote the recruitment of technical talents in enterprises, and the ability level of these people after entering the company also meets the post requirements.
Application of Artificial Intelligence Technology in Virtual Reality Animation Aided Production
Authors: Yang Yixuan
Published: February 2021

The three-dimensional animation developed by virtual reality technology has been widely concerned. Although the virtual reality technology has changed the traditional animation production mode to a great extent, the existing virtual reality technology is still not perfect, which needs to be further compensated by artificial intelligence technology, and the domestic research on this aspect is less. Therefore, this paper establishes the application of artificial intelligence technology in virtual reality aided animation production. This paper investigates the popularity of artificial intelligence technology course in animation major of colleges and universities, and thinks that the interdisciplinary education needs to be strengthened. In this paper, the application of artificial intelligence technology in virtual reality aided animation production is analyzed in detail. Firstly, it is considered that artificial intelligence makes animation tools intelligent and further changes the traditional animation production mode. Secondly, the importance of artificial intelligence technology in 3D animation modelling due to the current that virtual reality technology is not perfect. It needs to be improved through artificial intelligence technology. Finally, this paper analyzes the development trend of the integration of artificial intelligence and virtual reality. This paper believes that the intelligent artistic creation is the future development trend, and the efficiency and effect of animation production can be effectively improved through artificial intelligence technology.
RETRACTED: Business Data Analysis Based on Hierarchical Clustering Algorithm in the Context of Big Data
Authors: Sun Hao
Published: February 2021

With the rapid development of computer technology, computer technology has been applied to all aspects of the daily field, we are now in an era of data explosion. With the passage of time, the data on the network will become more and more, consumers will not be able to meet their consumption needs in the face of so much data. How to deal with these data is an urgent problem to be solved. Based on this, this paper uses a similar analytic hierarchy process algorithm, hierarchical clustering algorithm, to process the data. According to the browsing and consumption records of consumers, the algorithm can recommend the goods that consumers want to buy and the price of goods they want to buy. In the research, this paper analyzes the business data of consumers by hierarchical clustering analysis, and classifies people with different consumption levels into a large group, analyzes the purchasing tendency of consumers and the price of goods they want to buy, and then recommends products to consumers. The experimental results show that the analysis results of this paper using hierarchical clustering algorithm are consistent with the results of selling goods on the online platform. Therefore, according to the experimental results of this paper, businesses can promote more suitable products for consumers.
Application of Robotic Laparoscopy in Urology
Authors: Zhang Yongrui , Gao Jialin
Published: February 2021

With 3D vision and flexible instrument arms, the robotic surgical system has been successfully used in many urological surgeries and obtained safe and reliable results. This paper gives a brief overview of the application of robot in urological surgery.
A Dynamic Target Recognition Method Based on Correlation Tracking Algorithm
Authors: Chang Zhoulin , Lu Zixie , Mo Fu , Tan Hanhong , Wu Zongying , Ye Tianyu
Published: February 2021

Target recognition is a very important part in the field of image processing. The effect of target recognition directly affects the success or failure of subsequent processing. This paper proposed a dynamic target recognition method based on correlation tracking algorithm. The correlation tracking algorithm only needs matching the original data of grey level of related images, no feature extraction or division is required for images. In this case, all information of this series of images can be kept, and the correlation tracking algorithm also has many advantages, no complex pre-processing of the original images is required, and the grey level of images can be used to directly matching key points, so the possibility of implementation is greatly increased. Moreover, under the condition of low noise, matching also can be carried out, and there is no high demand for the quality of sequential images. In such an approach, its local anti-interference ability is very strong. The correlation tracking algorithm can be used to predict the trajectory of a moving object in real life. The experimental results show that the proposed method can detect the objects in an image by providing the region of objects and the background with different colors. The conclusions can be drawn that the proposed method can successfully tackle the object recognition task in most cases.