bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supracerebellar transtentorial approach to the tentorial incisura and beyond
Authors: Swanson Kyle I. , Cikla Ulas , Uluc Kutluay , Baskaya Mustafa K.
Published: January 2016

The supracerebellar transtentorial approach via a suboccipital craniotomy provides a corridor to reach lesions of the tentorial incisura and supratentorial lesions of the posterior medial basal temporal lobe, such as lesions of the posterior parahippocampal and fusiform gyri. The supracerebellar transtentorial approach obviates the need for either retraction of eloquent cortex or a transcortical route to reach lesions in this region. We present three cases that demonstrate the utility of this approach: a left-sided tentorial meningioma with superior projection, a left-sided posterior parahippocampal cavernous malformation, and a left-sided posterior parahippocampal grade 2 oligodendroglioma.

The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/OLnzUGZfUqk.
Supracerebellar transtentorial removal of a large tentorial tumor
Authors: Robert Thomas , Weil Alexander G. , Obaid Sami , Al-Jehani Hosam , Bojanowski Michel W.
Published: January 2016

Large tumors located on the upper surface of the tentorium, extending to the posterior edge of the tentorial incisura and affecting the posterior temporo-mesial region, are challenging to reach without damaging the surrounding brain. Typically, these lesions are approached through a subtemporal or a transcortical transtemporal corridor. To avoid temporal lobe transgression or retraction, and venous drainage compromise, we use a supracerebellar transtentorial (SCTT) approach which gives a direct exposure to the posterior temporo-medial region and the posterior incisural space. In this video, we demonstrate the surgical technique of the SCTT approach.

The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/g3ilMO8vo4g.
Endoscopic-assisted interhemispheric parieto-occipital transtentorial approach for microsurgical resection of a pineal region tumor: operative video and technical nuances
Authors: Liu James K.
Published: January 2016

The angle of the straight sinus and tentorium cerebelli can often influence the choice of surgical approach to the pineal region. The supracerebellar infratentorial approach can be technically challenging and a relative contraindication in cases where the angle of the straight sinus and tentorium is very steep. Similarly, an occipital transtentorial approach, which uses a low occipital craniotomy at the junction of the superior sagittal sinus and transverse sinus, may not provide the best trajectory to the pineal region in patients with a steep tentorium. In addition, this approach often necessitates retraction on the occipital lobe to access the tentorial incisura and pineal region, which can increase the risk of visual compromise. In this operative video, the author demonstrates an alternative route using an endoscopic-assisted interhemispheric parieto-occipital transtentorial approach to a pineal region tumor in a patient with a steep straight sinus and tentorium. The approach provided a shorter route and more direct trajectory to the tumor at the tentorial incisura, and avoided direct fixed retraction on the occipital lobe when performed using the lateral position, thereby minimizing visual complications. This video atlas demonstrates the operative technique and surgical nuances, including the application of endoscopic-assisted microsurgical resection and operative pearls for preservation of the deep cerebral veins. In summary, the parieto-occipital transtentorial approach with endoscopic assistance is an important approach in the armamentarium for surgical management of pineal region tumors.

The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/Ph4veG14aTk.
Combined bi-occipital suboccipital transsinus transtentorial approach for resection of a pineal region falcotentorial meningioma: operative video and technical nuances
Authors: Liu James K.
Published: January 2016

Large deep-seated meningiomas of the falcotentorial region present a formidable surgical challenge. In this operative video, the author demonstrates the combined bi-occipital suboccipital transsinus transtentorial approach for microsurgical resection of a large falcotentorial meningioma. This approach involves division of the less dominant transverse sinus after assessment of the venous pressure before and after clipping of the sinus with continuous neurophysiologic monitoring. Mild retraction of the occipital lobe and cerebellum results in a wide supra- and infratentorial exposure of extensive pineal region tumors. This video atlas demonstrates the operative technique and surgical nuances, including patient positioning, supra- and infratentorial craniotomy, transsinus transtentorial incision, and tumor removal with preservation of the vein of Galen complex. In summary, the combined bi-occipital suboccipital transsinus transtentorial approach provides a wide supra- and infratentorial surgical corridor for removal of select falcotentorial meningiomas.

The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/3aD8h2uwBAo.
Endoscopic-assisted posterior interhemispheric retrocallosal transfalcine approach for microsurgical resection of a pineal region falcotentorial meningioma: operative video and technical nuances
Authors: Liu James K. , Cohen Michael A.
Published: January 2016

Falcotentorial meningiomas are rare tumors of the pineal region that arise from the dural folds where the falx and tentorium meet and are often intimately related to the vein of Galen and straight sinus. These lesions often present with signs and symptoms related to hydrocephalus and brainstem compression. Surgical resection of falcotentorial meningiomas remains the definitive treatment, with a variety of surgical approaches used to resect these lesions. The choice of approach depends on several factors, including the size and location of the tumor relative to the vein of Galen complex. Falcotentorial meningiomas can be technically challenging to remove with significant risk of morbidity because of the close proximity to and occasional invasion of the vein of Galen and straight sinus. In this operative video, the authors demonstrate an illustrative step-by-step technique for endoscopic-assisted microsurgical resection of a falcotentorial meningioma using the posterior interhemispheric retrocallosal transfalcine approach for a superiorly positioned falcotentorial meningioma. The surgical nuances are discussed, including the surgical anatomy, gravity-assisted interhemispheric approach in the lateral position, retrocallosal dissection, transfalcine exposure, tumor removal, and preservation of the vein of Galen complex. In summary, the posterior interhemispheric retrocallosal transfalcine approach is a useful surgical strategy for select superiorly positioned falcotentorial meningiomas.

The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/d8mdunsRacs.
The anterior interhemispheric approach to a third ventricular cavernous malformation
Authors: Martirosyan Nikolay L. , Kalani M. Yashar S. , Nakaji Peter , Spetzler Robert F.
Published: January 2016

The anterior interhemispheric approach is a workhorse for treatment of lesions in the third ventricle. In this case, we demonstrate the utility of this approach for resecting a complex third ventricular cavernous malformation. We discuss patient positioning, optimal location of the craniotomy, and surgical resection techniques for safe removal of these lesions. We also demonstrate the importance of gravity retraction using the falx to prevent injury to the dominant frontal lobe.

The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/38woc28er7M.
The supracerebellar infratentorial approach to the dorsal midbrain
Authors: Kalani M. Yashar S. , Martirosyan Nikolay L. , Nakaji Peter , Spetzler Robert F.
Published: January 2016

The supracerebellar infratentorial approach provides access to the dorsal midbrain, pineal region, and tentorial incisura. This approach can be used with the patient in a sitting, prone, park-bench, or supine position. For a patient with a supple neck and favorable anatomy, we prefer the supine position. The ipsilateral shoulder is elevated, the head turned to the contralateral side, the chin is tucked, and the neck extended toward the floor to open the craniocervical angle for added working room. Care must be taken to place the craniotomy laterally to make use of the ascending angle of the tentorium for ease of access to deep-seated lesions.

The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/BZh6ljmE23k.
Endoscope-assisted supracerebellar transtentorial approach to the posterior medial temporal lobe for resection of cavernous malformation
Authors: Kalani M. Yashar S. , Lei Ting , Martirosyan Nikolay L. , Oppenlander Mark E. , Spetzler Robert F. , Nakaji Peter
Published: January 2016

The mesial temporal lobe can be approached via a pterional or orbitozygomatic craniotomy, the subtemporal approach, or transcortically. Alternatively, the entire mesial temporal lobe can be accessed using a lateral supracerebellar transtentorial (SCTT) approach. Here we describe the technical nuances of patient positioning, craniotomy, supracerebellar dissection, and tentorial disconnection to traverse the tentorial incisura to arrive at the posterior mesial temporal lobe for a cavernous malformation. The SCTT approach is especially useful for lesions in the dominant temporal lobe where an anterolateral approach may endanger language centers or the vein of Labbé.

The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/D8mIR5yeiVw.
Resection of large recurrent third ventricular epidermoid tumors through the posterior interhemispheric transcallosal approach
Authors: Hendricks Benjamin K. , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A.
Published: January 2016

Epidermoid cysts or tumors comprise 1% of intracranial tumors with a predilection for the cerebellopontine angle or parasellar cisterns. These tumors are derived from an ectopic ectodermal implant seeded between fusing ectodermal surfaces. This results in a benign proliferation of stratified squamous epithelium along a cyst wall with a lumen composed of hyperkeratotic material derived from the desquamating cells. Surgical intervention is the treatment of choice for symptomatic patients. There is no role for radiotherapy or chemotherapy in the treatment of these lesions, including for residual or recurrent disease. The inherent adhesion of the proliferating epithelial lining to surrounding neurovascular structures significantly complicates attempts at gross-total resection. Epidermoid tumors or cysts are rarely reported within the third ventricular region. In this video, the authors demonstrate the technique of right-sided posterior interhemispheric transcallosal approach for maximal resection of a complex recurrent third ventricular epidermoid tumor with lateral ventricular extension.

The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/wbXp7mc0vT4.
Microsurgical decompression of tumor of a rare posterior third ventricular pathology
Authors: Nanda Anil , Konar Subhas , Kalakoti Piyush , Maiti Tanmoy
Published: January 2016

Of the posterior third ventricular tumors, a papillary tumor of the pineal gland is a rare entity that originates from specialized ependymoma of the subcommissural organ. In this video narration, we present a case of a 33-year-old male with headaches and recent cognitive decline due to a posterior third ventricular lesion. The patient underwent a posterior interhemispheric approach, and a gross-total decompression was achieved with no signs of recurrence in a 2-year follow-up period. With this case we highlight the microsurgical technique employed for decompressing tumors of the posterior third ventricular region with preservation of eloquent structures and draining veins.

The video can be found here:https://youtu.be/o0WbyOqmtX0.
Introduction to Microsurgery of the Third Ventricle, Pineal Region, and Tentorial Incisura
Authors: Meyer Fredric B. , Bruce Jeffrey N.
Published: January 2016

This edition of the Video Supplement entitled “Microsurgery of the Third Ventricle, Pineal Region, and Tentorial Incisura” highlights approaches to accessing the third ventricle for surgical resection of a variety of pathologies. The third ventricle has critical neurovascular anatomy that must always be respected to prevent patient harm. Visualization of critical anatomy in three dimensions from a surgeon' line of sight is important when planning the optimum surgical approach. Some of the keys to safely operating in this region include thoughtful head positioning, limitation of brain retraction, and the use of trajectories which capitalize on CSF cisterns and fissures. Some of the videos included in this volume illustrate standard operations while others depict more unique and innovative approaches that take advantage of these surgical windows. We hope you enjoy the videos included in this supplement.
Assessing risk of clogging in community scale managed aquifer recharge sites for drinking water in the coastal plain of south-west Bangladesh
Authors: Sultana Sarmin , Ahmed Kazi Matin
Published: January 2016

Community scale managed aquifer recharge (MAR) has been implemented by infiltrating pond and rooftop rainwater into shallow, locally confined brackish aquifers in the southern deltaic plains of Bangladesh for providing safe drinking water. This paper mainly deals with the risks of physical clogging and the issues of clogging related to aquifer material, design, drilling and construction methods at 20 sites. Risk of chemical and biochemical clogging has also been briefly discussed. High turbidity in the source pond water is mainly responsible for physical clogging. In order to reduce the turbidity MAR system has been designed with an over ground double chambered filtration tank with a graded sand filter in one chamber. Pond water is pumped into the filtration tank to pass through sand filter. Efficiency of turbidity removal is assessed by measuring turbidity of water at the source pond, after passing though the sand filter and at the abstraction well. The turbidity of source (pond) water ranges from 50 to 150 NTU decreases to 5 NTU after passing through the sand filter in most of the sites. Clogging is assessed by performing falling head tests at each recharge well at number of times during the operation of the test sites. A maximum infiltration rate of 6m3/day has been achieved at a number of sites where the average is about 3m3/day. Relatively high nutrient content present both in source and groundwater water could cause biological clogging. Probability of clogging due to clay swelling should be considered due to salinity difference of source and groundwater although sodium adsorption ratio has been observed to be reduced which reduce the risk of reduction of permeability. There is possibility of chemical plugging in the aquifer and around the well from the precipitation of iron bearing minerals as iron concentration has been observed to be reduced.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 27(1): 75-86, June-2014
(U, M) -derivations in prime ?-rings
Authors: Rahman MM , Paul AC
Published: January 2016

In this article, we define (U,M)-derivation d of a ? -ring M . For a Lie ideal U of a 2 - torsion free prime ? -ring M satisfying the condition a?b?c = a?b?c for all a,b, c?M and ? ,? ?? , we prove the following results:(i) ifU is an admissible Lie ideal of M, then d(u?v) = d(u)?v + u?d(v) for all u, v?U ,? ??(ii) if u?u?U for all u?U,? ?? , then d(u?m) = d(u)?m + u?d(m) for all m ? M Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 27(2): 143-153, December-2014
Response at different growth stages of soybean to deficit irrigation condition
Authors: Ahmed Shakil Uddin , Senge Masateru , Ito Kengo
Published: January 2016

An attempt was made to assess the effect of deficit irrigation on yield components at individual growth stages of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. The deficit irrigation treatments were 0 - 25, 25 - 50, 50 - 75 and 75 - 100% of total available water (TAW). Evapotranspiration was dominated in order by: Flowering > pod formation > development > maturity stage. Water stress coefficient (Ks) or ETa/ETm at Flowering and Pod formation stages were too strong to be tolerated due to the effect of high evapotranspiraton rates. Both water use efficiency (WUE) and yield efficiency (YE) was also very sensitive under water stress conditions at flowering and pod formation stages. Available water deficit level lower than 50 - 75 % (D3) throughout the different growth stages of soybean was good enough for calculating the yield response factor (Ky = 0.87), and both WUE and YE was higher at 50 - 75 % of TAW (D3) than the full irrigation (D1). It may be concluded that deficit irrigation was effective (Ky < 1) for economy of water usage under water deficit lower than 50 - 75 % of TAW (D3). It reveals from the results that to get a good yield of soybean under limited supply of irrigation water it is better to avoid moisture stress at the reproductive stage (flowering and pod formation) of the crop.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 27(2): 165-174, December-2014
Seasonal variation in quality of Louhajong river water, Tangail
Authors: Sarker Md Rakib Hasan , Islam Asadul , Islam Ariful , Hoque Md Mahbubul , Roy Shimul
Published: January 2016

Water samples were collected from three points of Louhajong river (Dighulia, Kagmari Bridge and Oloa) to see the seasonal variation in physico-chemical parameters. The results revealed that some of the parameters such as TDS, alkalinity and acidity have exceeded the standard level in dry season in all of the points, which are unsuitable for different purposes including fish culture. During dry and wet seasons the highest concentrations of BOD was recorded as 2.0 and 0.8 ppm at Kagmari Bridge (point-2) respectively. DO ranged from 1.4 to 3.1 and 2.4 to 3.8 ppm during dry and wet seasons. Maximum and minimum EC was recorded as 890 and 130 ?s/cm at Dighulia (point-1) during dry and wet seasons. The results suggest that at wet season Louhajong river may be suitable for fish culture and other purposes.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 28(1): 9-16, June-2015
On the relationship between surface tension and viscosity of fluids
Authors: Ahmari Hadi , Amiri Mohammad Chalkesh
Published: January 2016

Relating surface tension and viscosity of liquids not only is important conceptually but it can also be used to test the validity of some measured data. Schonhorn modified Pelofsky’s equation by introducing the concept of the vapor viscosity ηv in equilibrium with the liquid, i.e.γ= Aexp(-B/(ηl-ηv)) This empirical relation can be applied to both organic and inorganic solutions of pure and mixed components. As surface tension is a strong function of surfactant, they neglected to emphasis that mixed components must not be surface active agents. Both Pelofsky and Schonhorn indicated that A may be an indication of the surface tension of the liquid at the temperature where η=∞. They were not successful in correlating the temperature where and the surface tension at the melting point. In this work, a new empirical equation for relating surface tension and viscosity has been developed, i.e., γ((Tc – Tm)/( Tc – T)) = δ(1-β/η). This equation not only satisfies the extreme conditions but it also reveals a physical concept for δ, that is, it should equal the surface tension at the melting point of the liquid.

Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 18(2015) 18-22
Economic feasibility of intercropping of chili with sweet gourd
Authors: Hossain J , Alom MS , Mian MAK , Islam MR
Published: January 2016

A field experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Ishurdi, Pabna during two consecutive years of 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 to find out the suitable combination of intercropping of chili with sweet gourd for increasing the productivity and economic return. The treatments were T1=100% sweet gourd (2m x 2m) + 40% chili (50cm x 100cm) + 100% recommended fertilizer (RF) of chili, T2=100% sweet gourd (2m x 2m) + 40% chili (50cm x 100cm) + 75% RF of chili, T3=100% sweet gourd (2m x 2m) + 40% chili (50cm x 100cm) + 50% RF of chili, T4=100% sweet gourd (2m x 2m) + 50% chili (50cm x 80cm) + 100% RF of chili, T5=100% sweet gourd (2m x 2m) + 50% chili (50cm x 80cm) + 75% RF of chili, T6=100% sweet gourd (2m x 2m) + 50% chili (50cm x 80cm) + 50% RF of chili, T7=Sole sweet gourd, T8= Sole chili. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Fruit yield was calculated for sweet gourd and chili in ton per hectare considering the whole plot as harvested area. Results revealed that the yield of both sweet gourd and chili significantly affected by plant population and fertilizer dose in the intercropping systems. The highest equivalent yield of sweet gourd (21.21 t ha-1), land equivalent ratio (1.59), gross return (Tk. 318150.00 ha-1), gross margin (Tk. 237935.00 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (3.97) were obtained from 100% sweet gourd (2m x 2m) + 50% chili (50cm x 80cm) + 100% RF of chili (T4). Sole crop of chili (T8) gave the lowest equivalent yield of sweet gourd (7.38 t ha-1), gross return (Tk. 110700.00 ha-1), gross margin (Tk. 37455.00 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (1.51). Therefore, sweet gourd (100%) and chili (50%) with recommended fertilizer (100%) of chili might be economically profitable for chili with sweet gourd intercropping system.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 5 (2): 64-69, December, 2015
Nutritive values of some food plants, fresh and processed fish species
Authors: Aberoumand Ali , Nejad Saeed Ziaei
Published: January 2016

Correction: On 31 August 2018, two sentences beginning “The absorption …” at the top of page 78 and the first reference in the reference list on page 79 were removed. This does not affect the general findings of the paper. The chemical composition of four edible plant foods species, three fish species and one prawn were analyzed in Food Chemistry Laboratory of Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran in 2014. The analysis of fatty acid and sugars composition were performed by gas liquid chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography, respectively. Protein and lipid content were founded higher in baked and fried in fish S. commersonnianus (74.29%), (20.20%), fish Sphyraena helleri (88.12%) and (17.77%), respectively. Ash content in fish S. commersonnianus varies from 9.80% to 15.34%, and in fish S. helleri from 5.83% to 7.68%. Based on the proximate analysis, it can be calculated that an edible portion of 100 g of studied edible plant foods provides, on average, around 303.9±1.04 kcal. The plant Portulaca neglecta is suitable for high temperature food processes. The macronutrient profile in general revealed that the wild plant foods were with rich sources of protein and carbohydrates, and had low amounts of fat. The highest protein, the lowest fat and energy contents were found in boiled in both fish species; therefore, boiling can be recommended as the best cooking method for healthy diet.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 5 (2): 75-81, December, 2015
Design, Construction and Performance Evaluation of an Automatic Solar Tracker
Authors: Prodhan M. M. H. , Hamid M. K. , Hussain D. , Huq M. F.
Published: January 2016

In this research paper, an automatic solar tracker based on gear system is designed and developed. The solar tracker follows the sun from east to west during the day. Driving software has been developed using FLOWCODE and then it is burnt into the microcontroller (PIC 16F72). An intelligent sensor board followed by a sensor circuit has been used to sense the position of the sun.The system has been programmed to detect the intensity of sunlight by a differential arrangement of two LDRs and subsequently actuate the motor to position the solar panel where it can receive maximum sunlight. The solar tracking system is a mechatronic system that integrates electrical and mechanical systems and computer hardware & software. The driving gear system and the structure of the PV module have been developed by using the locally available materials.In our research, the efficiency of this automatic solar tracker is 15% higher than the conventional tracker because of the designing automatic solar tracker and has got it successfully.This reveals that our system is compatible with the additional energy production.
On Vietoris Soft Topology I
Authors: Shakir Q. R.
Published: January 2016

In this article, we define the hyperspace of soft closed sets of a soft topological space (FA, ?). In addition, we define the Vietoris soft topology, ?v, by determining the soft base of this topology which has the form ?FH1, FH2,.....FHn?, where ?FH1, FH2,.....FHn? are soft open sets in (FA, ?). Some properties of this topology are also investigated. The impact of introducing the Vietoris soft topology is to enable us to understand many properties of the structure of soft topologies corresponding to it.
Xanthone from the Fruits of Terminalia Arjuna
Authors: Hossain R. , Sultana R. , Choudhary M. I. , Zaman S.
Published: January 2016

2,7-dimethoxyxanthone (1) along with a well known compound ?-sitosterol-3-O-?-D-glucopyranoside (2) were isolated from the methonalic extract of the fruits of Terminalia arjuna. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic (NMR and mass) analysis.
The Pregnant and Lactating Mothers KAP (Knowledge, Attitude and Practice) and Nutritional Care during Antenatal and Postnatal Period in Ukhia, Coxs Bazar, Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan M. N. , Khan M. N. I. , Sultan M. Z.
Published: January 2016

The nutritional status of women before, during and after pregnancy contributes a good deal to their own health and, to the health of their children and other family members. In Bangladesh, there is enormous amount of mother and child death and morbidity related to inadequate nutrition, socioeconomic condition, education level, hygienic condition and various care practices. The study was conducted to see the nutritional KAP (knowledge, attitude and practice) during antenatal and postnatal care of the pregnant and lactating mother in Ukhia Upazilla of Coxs Bazar in Bangladesh among 337 pregnant and lactating mothers who had at least one child aged less than five years old by random sampling in 2010.The antenatal and postnatal care services availability was observed unsatisfactory. The study revealed that the nutritional lacking was not only poverty stricken, but also their poor knowledge, attitude and practice on health, hygiene, reproductive health, antenatal care, post natal care and nutritious food.
Effectiveness of Amaranthus gangeticus in Arsenic Extraction from Soil
Authors: Nasir F. B. , Islam S. , Munna G. M. , Ray S. , Awal R.
Published: January 2016

Phytoremediation of heavy metal rich soil has become a practical approach nowadays. Though this method is very promising, it requires long time for complete remediation of contaminated soil. Assortment of appropriate plant for specific heavy metal is very important to decontaminate soil within short period of time. The present study was conducted on Amaranthus gangeticus, to find out its potential to remove arsenic (As) from soil within short period of time. Phytoremediation trail was followed by growing plants in varying concentrations of As contaminated soil and subsequently one month of plant growing period it removed 72%-81% of the total soil As. This species accomplish maximum accumulation capacity of 17934 mg/Kgin shoots and store 72%-78% metal in aerial parts. Several parameters that have an influence on phytoremediation potential such as time, concentration, bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) were also calculated to investigate its appropriateness as effective hyperaccumulator.
Risk Factors of Myocardial Infarction in the Northern Region of Bangladesh
Authors: Yesmin S. , Huda M. S. , Biswas P. K. , Wahed M. I. I. , Naz T.
Published: January 2016

The worldwide rising incidence of cardiovascular diseases and the associated risk factors could be country or area specific. A case control study identifying important risk factors of myocardial infarction (MI) prevailing in the northern region of Bangladesh, was conducted in two major northern region hospitals, Rajshahi and Rangpur Medical College for a period of 6 months. Majority of the cases (66%) and controls (56%) were in the age range of 41  60 years. The proportion of male, married and urban residents were predominant in both the case and control group. The highest percentage of patients with MI were involved in business comparatively patients without MI. Clinical symptoms like chest pain, epigastric pain, breathlessness, dizziness and fatigue were observed to be somewhat higher in cases compared to controls. The logistic regression analysis showed that smoking habit, smokeless tobacco consumption, sedentary lifestyle and dyslipidemia were found independent predictors of MI in northern district patients with odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval) being 3.1 (1.2 to 3.7), 2.5 (1.0 to 3.5), 2.0 (1.1 to 3.6) and 2.3 (1.3 to 4.1), respectively.
Electrical, Magnetic and Morphological Properties of E-Beam Evaporated Ni Thin Films
Authors: Hasan M. K. , Shafi M. N. A. , Siddiquy M. N. A. , Rahim M. A. , Islam M. J.
Published: January 2016

Nickel (Ni) thin films in the thickness range 50?80 nm have been prepared by electron beam evaporation method at a base pressure of 4x10-5 mbar on silicon and glass substrates. Some samples have been annealed at 573 K for 1.5 h in open air. The resistivity of Ni films on silicon substrate is higher than the resistivity of Ni films on glass substrate. The TCR of Ni films is found to be positive which indicates that the Ni samples are metallic in nature. Coercivity of Ni films increases with increasing film thickness. The coercivity of 80 nm as-deposited Ni film on glass substrate is found to be ~ 9 Oe. The rms value of the surface roughness of 150 nm as-deposited Ni film on glass substrate is ~12 nm and it becomes ~ 7 nm after annealing. On the other hand, the coercivity of 90 nm and 160 nm as-deposited Ni films on silicon substrate are 50 Oe and 85 Oe, respectively. The rms value of surface roughness of 120 nm as-deposited Ni film on Si substrate is ~ 16 nm. It becomes ~ 3 nm after annealing.
A Quantitative Analysis of Chromium and Zinc in Water and Raw Milk in Chittagong, Bangladesh
Authors: Akther S. , Shahriar S. M. S. , Alam M. K. , Zakir H. M.
Published: January 2016

The concentration of selected heavy metals (chromium and zinc) was detected and estimated in water and raw milk collected from Chittagong City of Bangladesh. A total of 25 water samples and 20 raw milk samples were collected from different farms situated in 10 locations of Chittagong, Bangladesh. Chromium content in water was obtained in the range from 0.2 µg/L to 13 µg/L. The highest level of chromium content in water was 13.068 µg/L. The content of chromium in raw milk was obtained in the range from 2 µg/L to 17 µg/L. The highest level of chromium in milk was 17.062 µg/L. Chromium concentrations in water and milk were below the maximum allowed limit.  The concentration of zinc in water was in the range from 0.01 mg/L to 1 mg/L. The highest level of zinc in water was 1.024 mg/L. The concentration of zinc in raw milk was in the range from 0.6 mg/L to 0.9 mg/L. The highest concentration of zinc in water was 1.024 mg/L which is around the toxicological guidance value of zinc.
Numerical Solutions of Steady Tensorial Transport Equations Using Discontinuous Galerkin Method Implemented in FreeFem++
Authors: Helal K. M.
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe main purpose of this paper is to approximate the solution of the steady tensorial transport equations using discontinuous Galerkin finite element method implemented with the finite element solver FreeFem++. After introducing the formulations of the tensorial transport equations, the analysis of its componentwise equations, i.e., advection-reaction equations have been discussed. Discretizing the transport problem using discontinuous Galerkin finite element method, the iterative fixed-point method is used to obtain the solutions. We present the numerical simulations of two-dimensional benchmark problem and observe the instability of elasticity. All the simulations are done using the script developed in FreeFem++.
Biochemical Characterization of Probiotics Available in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain M. S. , Al-Bari M. A. A. , Wahed Mir I. I.
Published: January 2016

The pervasive beneficial effects of probiotics are important for the maintenance of mammalian homeostasis. The probiotic products are consumed by people in their various forms available in Bangladesh. In this context, this study is taken into consideration to identify and characterize bacteria to confirm the scientific data needed for improvement in probiotic products as current therapies. Five probiotic samples were collected from pharmaceutical companies available in the retail pharmacy, Rajshahi. The probiotic samples are tested before expiration dates as marked on manufacturer packages. The culture media used were Czapek Dox (pH 5.3), MRS and nutrient broth and agar for the investigation of lactic acid bacteria. The identified lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were lactobacillus acidophyllus (LAB 1), Lactobacillus bulgaricus (LAB 2), Lactococcus lactis (LAB 3) and Biffidobacterium biffidum (LAB 4) based on morphological characteristics, catalase activities, milk coagulation, carbohydrate fermentation profiles, resistance to antibiotics and other biochemical tests. The rejuvenation of probiotics particularly LAB from the probiotic samples can be used in other purposes such as biopreservation of lemon, orange juices with better tastes and fermented products like curds as well as hygienic qualities of other dairy products.
Study the Effect of Chemical Reaction and Magnetic Field on Free Convection Boundary Layer Flow of Heat and Mass Transfer with Variable Prandtl Number
Authors: Alam M. S. , Ali M. , Alim M. A.
Published: January 2016

The present problem is focused on the free convection heat and mass transfer flow of an electrically conducting incompressible viscous fluid about a semi-infinite vertical plate by the effect of chemical reaction and magnetic field under the action of heat absorption and variable Prandtl nnumber. The governing partial differential equations are transformed to ordinary differential equation by applying local similarity transformation. Then the dimensionless ordinary differential equations are solved using shooting iteration technique along with Runge-Kutta integration scheme. The effects of magnetic parameter and chemical reaction parameter with variable Prandtl number on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are discussed numerically and shown graphically. Therefore, the results of velocity field decreases for increasing values of magnetic parameter and chemical reaction parameter in both air and salt water. The temperature field decreases in the presence of magnetic parameter but increases for chemical reaction parameter in case of air and salt water. Also, the concentration profile is slightly increased for increasing the values of magnetic parameter but significant decreasing effect are observed for reaction parameter. Finally, the numerical values of the shear stress, rate of temperature and rate of concentration are also shown in a tabular form.
A Portable Remote Medical Consultation System for the Use of Distant Rural Communities
Authors: Kumarawadu Sisil P. , Nanayakkara Nuwan D , Thavaneswaran Brinthan , Tharmakulsingam Mukunthan , Paramanathan Nirosan , Perera Lalitha , Mohamed Sajith
Published: January 2016

Remote medical monitoring and consultation has become indispensable in order to enhance the availability of better health-care services to the patients in remote rural areas in the country. This paper proposes an inexpensive, easy to handle Remote Medical Consultation System (RMCS) which supports the healthcare workers to carry out their services through bi-directional video and voice communication between the remote end and doctors end as well as automated measuring of medical parameters that can be controlled from both ends. RMCS is consisted of a wearable sensors kit, a centralized hardware platform which connects to the medical sensors and devices and a software platform with database for operating and managing the system. RMCS is capable of remotely measuring patients blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, electrocardiogram (ECG), heart sounds and the systems platform supports to add-on more medical sensors or devices. The key aspect of the system is that it reduces most of the complexity in operation and facilitates the doctors to monitor and diagnose the patients in real-time. RMCS was essentially developed to eliminate the issues of low quality healthcare services in rural areas and to assist in monitoring immobilized patients.
Development of a Technical Device Named GPS Based Walking Stick for the Blind
Authors: Alam Umme Kawsar , Rabby Fazle , Islam M. T.
Published: January 2016

Generally, blind people use a traditional cane (known as white cane) for moving from one place to another. Although, white cane is the international symbol of blindness, it could not help them to detect place and to avoid obstacles. In this paper, we represent a model of walking stick for blind people. It consists of GPS module, GPS Antenna, Arduino, ultrasonic sensor and buzzer. This stick can detect place and obstacles. Position detection part is done with GPS module and GPS antenna. Ultrasonic sensor is used for detecting obstacles. Here, the buzzer produces two types of sound. When the blind reaches to his destination, buzzer buzzes continuously. When the blind faces any obstacles, buzzer buzzes with interruption. By discovering these two types of sound, blind can be confirmed about his destination and also can avoid obstacles in front of him. The whole system is designed to be small, light and is used in conjunction with the white cane so that it could ensure safety of the blind.
Fundamental Frequency Extraction of Noisy Speech Signals
Authors: Hasan Mirza A.F.M. Rashidul , Yasmin Rubaiyat , Das Dipankar , Hoque M. M. , Pramanik M. I. , Rahman M. S.
Published: January 2016

In this paper, we proposed a correlation based method which is a new approach using the autocorrelation function is weighted by the reciprocal of the YIN and very useful for accurate fundamental frequency extraction. The autocorrelation function and also YIN is a popular measurement in estimating fundamental frequency in time domain. In our proposed method, instead of the original signal, we employ its center clipping signal for obtaining the autocorrelation function and this function is weighted by the reciprocal of the YIN for fundamental frequency detection. Comparative results on female and male voices in white and exhibition noise shows that the proposed method can detect fundamental frequency with better accuracy in terms of gross pitch errors as compared to other related methods.
Modeling and Control Strategy for Variable Speed Wind Turbine Using Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator
Authors: Rafi Shafiul Hasan , Ferdous Rusnot Ara , Sheikh M.R.I.
Published: January 2016

This paper proposes an optimized model and control strategy for variable speed wind turbine using permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). Models and equations that describe different components of the wind energy conversion system (WECS) are addressed and their implementations into PSCAD/EMTDC are described. There are different types of synchronous generators, but the PMSG is chosen. It offers better performance due to higher efficiency and less maintenance since it does not need external DC source and can be used without a gearbox, which also implies a reduction of the weight of the nacelle and a reduction of costs. For the better performance, in this model two level IGBT converter and three level IGBT inverter set has been used associated with the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system.Simulation results show that the controllers can extract maximum power and regulate the voltage and frequency under varying wind and load conditions. The controller shows very good dynamic, steady state and transient performance.
Optimization of Q-Values for Coherent Optical Transmission Network
Authors: Gafur Abdul , Islam M. S.
Published: January 2016

In this paper we have analyzed the Gaussian Non-linear Interference (GNLI) spectrum considering non identical channels, non-identical links and Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE) noise power spectrum for Coherent Optical Transmission Network (COTN) to calculate the Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR) and Quality (Q) values. In this study, three different Baud rate values (13.875Gbaud, 27.75Gbaud, and 55.5Gbaud) are considered to compute the Q values and OSNR in the COTN. Consequently, the COTN produces 111 Gb/s, 222 Gb/s and 444 Gb/s line rates for three different Baud rate values (13.875Gbaud, 27.75Gbaud, and 55.5Gbaud) respectively in PM-16QAM modulation format. It is confirmed that the OSNR is always greater than Q values. It is also found that the differences between OSNR and Q are 0.23dB, 1.73dB, and 3.24dB for 111Gb/s, 222Gb/s and 444Gb/s line rates respectively. Here transmission of launch power per span, number of channels, number of spans and the fiber dispersion in the optical link are considered.
Performance Enhancement of Bulk Heterojunction Hybrid Solar Cell Using Macroporous Silicon
Authors: Islam A.T.M. Saiful , Sobhan Mushtaq Ahmed , Ismail Abu Bakar Md.
Published: January 2016

This article focuses on the work which deals with the effect of introducing macroporous silicon as the cathode of hybrid solar cell. This work shows that the photocurrent of bulk-heterojunction hybrid solar cell can be enhanced by using macroporous silicon (macro-PSi) as the cathode that provided increased effective contact surface area at the interface of organic-inorganic material. The organic compound (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) polymer blend at 1:1 ratio was used to fabricate the solar cell. It was found that the pore-diameter of the porous silicon plays an important role on short-circuit current of the fabricated hybrid solar cell. Huge enhancement of short-circuit current density (~ 73 times) was obtained when the average pore diameter of macro-PSi was comparable to the photogenerated carrier transport length of the photoactive polymer. The annealing of the whole structure further enhanced the overall performance of the fabricated hybrid solar cell.
Photoluminescence Characterization of Nonradiative Recombination Centers in Light Emitting Materials by Utilizing Below-Gap Excitation: A Mini Review of Two-Wavelength Excited Photoluminescence
Authors: Kamata Norihiko , Islam Abu Zafor Md. Touhidul
Published: January 2016

We have developed an optical method of detecting and characterizing nonradiative recombination (NRR) centers without electrical contact. The method combines a below-gap excitation (BGE) light with a conventional above-gap excitation light in photoluminescence (PL) measurement, and discriminates the PL intensity change due to switching on and off the BGE. A quantitative analysis of the detected NRR centers became possible by utilizing the saturating tendency of the PL intensity change with increasing the BGE density due to trap filling effect. Some experimental results of AlGaAs, InGaN, and AlGaN quantum wells were shown to allocate the development and present status as well as to exemplify their interpretations.
Stabilization of a Fixed Speed IG Based Wind Farm using Variable Speed PMSG
Authors: Tasneem Zinat , Sheikh M.R.I.
Published: January 2016

To optimize the output power and reduce the frequency fluctuation in conventional fixed speed Induction Generator (IG) based wind farm, various controlling devices are used. But, this paper proposes that Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) can work both as a power producing device and as a controlling device for IG. In this paper a more practical case has been considered where a wind farm is operated with a set of Synchronous Generators (SG). Thermal, Hydro and Nuclear Governors have been used for SGs. Wind farm has a capacity of 20% of the total SGs capacity. Both two-level and three-level converter-inverter based PMSG have been considered. Comparative results between IG and IG with PMSG are shown. Simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed system.  Simulations have been carried out by using the laboratory standard power system software package, PSCAD/EMTDC.
Variations of NDVI and Its Association with Rainfall and Evapotranspiration over Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Monirul , Mamun Md. Mainul Islam
Published: January 2016

This paper deals with the variability of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and its association with rain rate and total evapotranspiration over Bangladesh during the period of 2003-2011 using MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and Global Land Assimilation System (GLDAS) data. NDVI shows higher concentration in eastern parts of the country. The maximum NDVI is found in the month of October and minimum in February. It reveals excellent periodic variation in relation to rain rate and total evapotranspiration. NDVI shows strong spatial and temporal correlation with rain rate and total evapotranspiration especially in northwestern part of the country. Total evapotranspiration is more strongly correlated with vegetation than rain rate as it integrates rainfall, temperature and soil water statistics during the entire period. Thus, NDVI is an important variable for agronomical and climate applications. Also, it is important to study the vegetation for different seasons and different agro-ecological areas to investigate the variables affecting the vegetation types and growth rate.
On the Performance of Delay-Tolerant Routing Protocols in Intermittently Connected Mobile Networks
Authors: Hossen Md. Sharif , Rahim Muhammad Sajjadur
Published: January 2016

Delay-Tolerant Networks are used to enable communication in challenging environments where nodes are intermittently connected, and an end-to-end path does not exist all the time between source and destination, e.g., Intermittently Connected Mobile Networks (ICMNs). Therefore, network environments, where the nodes are characterized by opportunistic connectivity, are appropriately modeled as Delay-Tolerant Networks (DTNs). In this paper, we have investigated the performance of DTN routing protocols, namely Epidemic, PRoPHET, and Spray-and-Wait (Binary version) in an ICMN scenario. Their performances are analyzed in terms of delivery probability, average latency, and overhead ratio of varying message generation rates and number of mobile nodes, respectively. In addition, the impacts of varying buffer size and Time-to-Live (TTL) on their performances are investigated. For evaluating these performance metrics, we have used Opportunistic Network Environment (ONE) simulator as the simulation tool. The outcome of this work shows that for the ICMN scenario, the best DTN routing technique is Binary Spray-and-Wait, whereas Epidemic routing exhibits the worst performance in terms of all the metrics considered here.
On the Comparative Performance Analysis of PAPR Reduction Techniques in OFDM System
Authors: Khalil Md. Ibrahim , Ahmed Sabbir
Published: January 2016

Selected Mapping (SLM) and Partial Transmit Sequence (PTS) are two very well-known Peak-to-average Power Ratio (PAPR) reduction techniques for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Both these schemes show good PAPR reduction capabilities. However, for any PAPR reduction technique, the nature of spectral occupancy and the associated computational complexity also need to be taken into account when the overall performance is considered. In this paper, our goal is to perform a comparative performance analysis of SLM and PTS techniques by considering these three parameters, i.e. PAPR reduction, computational overhead and spectral compactness. For this, we at first look for the optimum values in terms of number of sequences in SLM and no. of sub-blocks in PTS. And then based on this finding, we perform performance analysis. Our finding shows that, PTS outperforms SLM when compared on the parameters mentioned above. Finally, to explore the feasibility of further improvement, we apply Walsh-Hadamard Transform to PTS scheme and show that it further reduces PAPR and improves spectral compactness.