bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cross-Cultural Differences and Similarities in Retailers' Branding and Digital Maturity
Authors: Hesse Andreas , Steenkamp Pieter , Schmidt Holger J. , Mugobo Virimai V.
Published: May 2020

Digital disruption is not something that may happen in the future; it is currently happening and impacting all types of businesses, including retail. This chapter reflects cross-cultural similarities and differences. German and South African consumers increasingly use the internet to look for product information and to purchase online products and services. Nevertheless, about 25% of German and South African companies in the study sample are more or less offline, not offering even basic digital services, while a significant number of companies ignore opportunities for branding. The digital maturity and branding practices of 933 businesses located within the central business districts of two international cities of similar regional importance, namely Koblenz in Germany and Stellenbosch in South Africa, were investigated. Retailers were analysed in order to compare and contrast their progression along a digital maturity scale as well as their branding practices. The case study presented in this chapter aimed to provide a starting point for the development of such a picture.
Not a “Coke and Chips” Holiday
Authors: Gulisova Barbora , Hansen Lulu Anne
Published: May 2020

This chapter, from a historical anthropological perspective, discusses the role of heritage museums in Danish coastal tourism. It is argued that the museum experience is highly contextual making it necessary to understand how place specific heritage interacts with tourist holiday motivations and museums understanding of their role as heritage suppliers. The interplay of these factors must be understood to create better bonds between museums and visitors especially in a tourism context. In order to do this, new questions must be asked, and research should move away from binary understandings of demand and supply.
Modern Linguodidactics as a Scientific Foundation for FLT in Russia
Authors: Galskova Natalia Dmitrievna
Published: May 2020

The development of linguodidactics as a science, its object, subject, research tasks, and axiological senses are justified by synthesizing the reflexive analytical and empirical components of methodological knowledge in foreign language teaching. As this science accumulates multiple knowledge, it is proved to study both the interaction of phenomena such as language, consciousness, culture, society, and processes of teaching a foreign language, mastering this language as part of educational process, using the language as a means of communication, (self)-knowledge, and (self)-development. Emphasis is placed on both describing linguodidactics research areas through addressing its notion “professional language personality” and interpreting content-specific and innovative features of the contemporary sociocultural model of students' linguistics education and its essential structural elements, including the value of this education, its purpose, content, and methods, as well as students' communication activities, their involvement in the system of social relations, and educational outcomes.
The Symbiotic Energy of [Complex Content]+[Foreign Language]
Authors: Ting Yen-Ling Teresa
Published: May 2020

This chapter addresses academic disciplinary literacy, the ability to use disciplinary discourse to formulate and learn discipline-specific ideas correctly, and also use condoned ways of languaging to share disciplinary knowledge eloquently. Disciplinary literacy also concerns L1 content education; however, the existence of “foreign language” within the EMI/CLIL instructional milieu further amplifies this challenge. This chapter addresses this challenge by evolving traditional EFL-models of language-learning into an “EMI/CLIL-concept-language-complexity model,” which correlates complex disciplinary concepts with complex disciplinary discourse with complex foreign disciplinary discourse. Using this three-dimensional model, translanguaging materials were designed so to make “foreign language” a conduit that seamlessly chaperones students through disciplinary knowledge coded in L1-BICS, L1-CALP, FL-BICS, and FL-CALP. Translanguaging materials are presented plus case-study results confirming not only students' comprehension of disciplinary concepts but also their assimilation of complex disciplinary discourses.
Practical Implementation of Integrative Bilingual Teaching/Learning at a Technical University
Authors: Krylov Eduard
Published: May 2020

The value and importance of the integrative bilingual teaching/learning foreign language and engineering is building bridges between cognition and communication, finding ways for establishing a dynamic balance between them in the mind of an engineering student. This explains the choice of study exercises and activities, related to mental operations and psychological patterns. The chapter discusses the peculiarities of solving problems, other active exercises, and gives some practical recommendations. Here also is the eternal problem of CLIL-like integrative education: How much language? How much content? Concerning language material, it is determined by some basic volume, demand driven by professional duties and interests. All the suggested ideas were tested at a Russian technical university for years. The difficulties, findings, and results of the pilot projects for bachelors and masters are discussed.
The Development of a University CLIL Model Integrating Economic Disciplines and Academic English
Authors: Vdovina Elena K.
Published: May 2020

The chapter analyses a university model designed to integrate the study of economic disciplines and English by demonstrating how content-driven CLIL evolved from a synthesis of teaching economic disciplines in English by native speaking lecturers and English for special purposes taught by language instructors. A longitudinal action research into the effects of content and language integration ensured the development of major didactic and methodological principles implemented in a sequence of four semester courses with a dual focus on content and language. The chapter comprehensively examines the benefits arising from the introductory character of university CLIL disciplines and the two-level approach to the acquisition of academic domain-specific language skill in a collaborative interaction of all the participants aimed at knowledge construction. The model is considered an efficient intermediate stage undertaken before shifting to any form of tertiary educational context where English is used as a medium of instruction.
Cognitive Aspects of Foreign Language Professional Discourse Teaching While Realizing Projects
Authors: Minakova Ludmila Yu
Published: May 2020

This chapter deals with implementation of cognitive-communicative approach to foreign language education of non-linguistic students. In this connection, we should take into consideration the speaker's speech strategy in the attempt to achieve maximum communication efficiency. The recognition of the role of context in a foreign professional discourse emphasizes the great importance of pragmatic procedures for its analysis and its cognitive aspects. This fact should be taken into account in the process of teaching foreign language professional discourse. The criteria for its formation are defined as proficiency in the mental professional lexicon; the comprehensive choice and use of communication tools that correspond to the context of the communication situation and help to achieve the communicative goal; the ability to extract the necessary information when working with authentic materials. Successful teaching of non-linguistic students while realizing professionally oriented projects confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed model of education.
Content-Based EFL Teaching to Undergraduate Science Students
Authors: Obdalova Olga A.
Published: May 2020

This chapter explores the contextual and linguistic potential of the content-based approach in language teaching. The first part of the analysis focuses on the theoretical underpinnings of this approach. The analysis of the cognitive-discursive activity of a non-native learner of a foreign language reveals the complex multi-level organization of cognitive-discursive activity. The author anticipates that context plays a decisive role in the processes of perception and understanding of a foreign language message embedded in a context. The second part of this chapter synthesizes research on learning outcomes in content-based EFL teaching of undergraduate science students. It deals with classroom-based research and participants' use of English taking account discourse factors, students' language resources, and didactic potential of the content-based teaching model. The findings demonstrated that the designed theme-based teaching framework proved to be more effective for science undergraduate students' speech skills development and acquisition of topic-related vocabulary.
Using a Community of Inquiry Lens to Examine Synchronous Online Discussions in Graduate Courses
Authors: Brown Barbara , Eaton Sarah Elaine
Published: May 2020

Instructors use synchronous sessions in higher education online courses to connect with students in real-time discussions. In this qualitative study, researchers examined 12 recordings of synchronous activity in four educational research graduate courses. Students completed a survey with open-ended questions after each synchronous session, and students and instructors were interviewed at the end of the term so that researchers could learn more about how synchronous online discussion cultivated a scholarly community of inquiry. Findings suggest that engagement strategies, such as student-facilitated presentations and case study discussions, fostered social presence, teaching presence, and cognitive presence. Findings also suggest that engagement strategies were valuable for promoting interactivity during synchronous sessions. Although synchronous discussions were used as a pedagogical approach and companion to asynchronous course work to support students' learning, unreliable technology presented challenges, possibly limiting the quality of discussions in online environments.
Building Neighbourly Policy Through Oil
Authors: de Souza Ferreira Kelly
Published: May 2020

China has always tried to maintain a stable and peaceful environment in the territories on its borders and has made great efforts to ensure that all the countries of Central Asia have remained under its influence since 1949. Consequently, increased U.S. presence in Central Asia has caused great discomfort in Chinese policy circles. One Chinese approach to the countries of this region is to engage Central Asian nations through channels relating to energy, and oil in particular. In recent years, Chinese oil companies have purchased rights and exploited reserves of oil and natural gas in many Central Asian countries. Through its oil companies, the Chinese establishment strengthens and deepens bonds of friendship with countries like Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan. This practice has become known as 'oil diplomacy.' This new tool offers the Chinese government two benefits, as it engenders both the increased projection of Chinese geopolitical power and the dilution of U.S. influence in the region.
Cross-Industry Use of Blockchain Technology and Opportunities for the Future
Authors: Senthilkumar Dhanalakshmi
Published: May 2020

Blockchain and artificial intelligence are two disruptive technologies in the today's world; Blockchain can connect data storage and data users from multiple domains, and different kinds of analytics applications run on top of the data in artificial intelligence techniques. So that Blockchain technology provide the excellent backbone for the development of artificial intelligence algorithms, it is useful to secure the data input from multiple data storage locations and to have whatever applications running on top of the data in a Blockchain visible to everyone. The concept of Blockchain technology and artificial intelligence techniques together develop interesting uses cases and nice applications. When paired with Blockchains, AI is better understood by humans, operates more efficiently, and the blockchains in general more efficiently. AI and Blockchain together support B2B environment and getting better outcomes.
Application of Blockchain Technology in Land Administration in Ghana
Authors: Agbesi Samuel , Tahiru Fati
Published: May 2020

The administration of lands in Ghana has been a major issue in the past years that has resulted in parties seeking arbitration to determine the rightful owners and others resulting in death because of the land-guard menace. The main issues in land administration in Ghana include modification and falsification of land records, difficulty in authenticating the ownership of land property, sales of land property to more than one customer, and lack of transparency in land transactions. This chapter examines the application of Blockchain in land administration in Ghana to solve the issues of unauthorized modification of land records, difficulties in proven ownership of land properties, and the lack of transparency in land transactions. The proposed solution is based on Ethereum Blockchain technology using a smart contract. The solution used a non-fungible token to represent land properties as a digital asset that can be traded on the proposed solution. The proposed solution provides integrity, immutability, provenance, and transparency in land administration.
Plurilingual and Literacy Competencies in Preschool
Authors: Guadamillas Gómez María Victoria
Published: May 2020

This chapter describes a didactic proposal with the main goal of introducing plurilingual and literacy competencies in early school years. Furthermore, the chapter offers a linguistic and intercultural analysis of two picture books that can be used at preschool to promote L2 learning and cultural awareness. Firstly, the legislation regarding preschool is commented on and related to L2 development and acquisition at this stage. Then secondly, children's literature is regarded as an intercultural vehicle and connected to “culture” in a preschool content and language integrated learning (CLIL) setting. Thirdly, two picture books are analysed with respect to their potential as language learning materials and cultural triggers, and finally, some brief reflections are made.
Developing the EFL Learners' Interdisciplinary Thinking Through Teaching Literature
Authors: Kaïd Fatiha , Touhami Ibtissam
Published: May 2020

It is a popularized consensus that literature develops the learners' linguistic competence as well as cultural competence. Accordingly, the teaching practices of literature have been tailored to adapt to the requirement of the EFL context. However, in this process, a digression occurred from the core of engaging the students in literary analysis; instead, the literary text is taught in banking model replica. The discursivity of a literary discourse requires the learners to use their interdisciplinary thinking to perform a transdisciplinary dialogue to decode and interpret a discourse. Teaching literature as a discursive discourse contributes to developing the learners' criticality through the use of interdisciplinary thinking. The recourse to an interdisciplinary teaching of literature would contribute to developing criticality by being exposed to a language of possibilities. The students will be actively involved in decoding the endophoric and the exophoric elements of the literary discourse. This interdisciplinary approach to teaching literature would foster criticality.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Alloy Mg61Cu28Gd11 in Submicrovolumes
Authors: Barashev A.R. , Chikova O.A. , Tkachuk G.A.
Published: May 2020

We studied the microstructure and nanomechanical properties of cast samples of the alloy Mg61Cu28Gd11, obtained by the original method. The alloy Mg61Cu28Cd11 is distinguished by a particularly high glass transition property. In this study samples with a diameter of 16 mm were obtained an inert atmosphere with a cooling rate of 1K/s. Liquid alloy Mg61Cu28Gd11 before crystallization was heated to 780 °C. It was previously installed that, with such heating, irreversible structural changes occur in the melt, which increase the tendency of the metal to glass transition. A metallographic study of the microstructure was performed using a scanning electron microscope and EDS-analysis. Nanohardness HV and Young's modulus E Mg2CuCd and Mg2Cu were measured using the nanoindentation method.The microstructure of the Mg61Cu28Cd11 alloy in the cast state consists mainly of Mg2Cu dendrites; the interdendritic space is represented by the Mg2CuCd phase. The presence of exogenous nonmetallic inclusions of a complex composition CdO + CuO + MgO was also established by the method of micro X-ray spectral analysis.Analysis of the measurement data of HV(GPa), E (GPa) gave a conclusion about the same degree of homogeneity of the mechanical properties of dendrites and interdendritic space.
Controlling the Properties of the Surface Layers of Parts by Forming Regular Micro-Reliefs
Authors: Fedorov S.K. , Yakovleva A.P. , Perepelkin Yu.K.
Published: May 2020

The paper focuses on a combined processing method developed to control the properties of the surface layer of parts. A regular micro-relief was obtained on the surface, with oil pockets to hold the lubricant during the friction process. Profilograms of samples processed by different modes and a model of the process of obtaining regular micro-relief are presented. We carried out comparative endurance tests of the samples processed by various methods. For the study the samples of steel 5140 (41Cr4) were selected. The results obtained allow us to recommend combined processing for the parts operating under conditions of intense friction with lubrication.
Failure Analysis of the Propylene Parts Used in Trucks
Authors: Shakirova Gulgena D. , Romanova N.V. , Shafigullin Lenar N.
Published: May 2020

The paper provides the results of failure analysis of the air intake pipe in the truck compressor. The thermal studies were carried out to identify a material, and to analyze the thermal oxidative degradation caused by excessively high operating temperatures. The study of the vehicle component part showed that it was made from polypropylene block copolymer. Analysis of the thermo-physical properties of the warranty polypropylene part showed that the thermal degradation led to a higher polymer crystallization and, as a result, a lower molecular mass due to high temperatures. The results of the thermal studies showed that the polypropylene part was subjected to excessively high operating temperatures which caused the thermal degradation and, as a result, catastrophic failure of the material.
Effect of Hydrogen Absorption on the Composition of the Amorphous Alloys Surface Layers
Authors: Lad’yanov V.I. , Skryabina N.E. , Kanunnikova Olga M.
Published: May 2020

Hydrogen absorption leads to redistribution of the components of the surface layer of the amorphous alloy Fe73.8Si12.7B9.4Nb3.2Cu noncontact side, while the amorphous structure of this layer is preserved. The type of the micro-groups Fey Six changes in such a way that the ratio y: x decreases (to less than 1) and the chemical bond polarity decreases, as well. After degassing, the surface layer composition becomes similar to those before hydrogenation. The loss of the mechanical stability of the amorphous ribbon is accompanied by the formation of the micro-groups Fey Six with a decreased ratio of y: x.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Catalytic Gas Carburization of Steel
Authors: Maisuradze Mikhail V. , Ryzhkov Maxim A.
Published: May 2020

The carbon surface saturation process of the steel plates during the catalytic gas carburization was under consideration. The rate of the carburization was determined, as well as the hardness of the diffusion layer, after quenching. A mathematical model based on experimental and numerical modeling data had been obtained. The carbon concentration profile of the surface layer was estimated depending on the carburization process parameters. A simplified simulation technique of the steel carburization was proposed.
Statistical Analysis of Grain Structures Formed by Solid-State Diffusion at Annealing
Authors: Stolbovsky Alexey V.
Published: May 2020

Grain structures of Nb3Sn layers, formed by solid-state diffusion, have been analyzed using statistical methods. To determine parameters of grain structure from grain size distributions, a statistical model with combination of lognormal and standard distributions was used. Histograms of grain size distributions in Nb3Sn layers, formed by solid-state diffusion in different composites, appeared to have only one group of crystallites after various regimes of heat treatment. It has been established that there is strong correlation between average grain sizes and the standard deviations, and this statement is also fulfilled at the grain structure evolution under additional annealing.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Heat Treated Hy-TUF Steel
Authors: Maisuradze Mikhail V. , Ryzhkov Maxim A.
Published: May 2020

A study of the high-strength HY-TUF steel applied for the manufacturing of heavy loaded parts was carried out. The mechanical properties of the austempered HY-TUF steel were compared to the characteristics obtained after the conventional oil quenching and tempering. The upper bainite with low impact strength was formed during the austempering at 400 °C and higher. Conventional oil quenching and tempering at temperature 400...500 °С also led to the embrittlement of the steel under consideration. The best combination of toughness and strength of the HY-TUF steel was achieved after the austempering at the temperature of lower bainite formation.
Structural-Phase Analysis of the Titanium Niobium System Formed by Electro-Explosive Method on the Titanium Implant Surface
Authors: Romanov Denis A. , Sosnin Kirill V. , Ivanov Yurii F.
Published: May 2020

TiNb coatings were obtained by the electro-explosive doping on the surface of a titanium dental implant (VT6 alloy). The elemental and phase composition was determined by the methods of scanning and transmission electron microscopy and by X-ray structural analysis. The morphology and defective substructure of the coating were studied. Hardness and Young's modulus, friction coefficient and wear resistance of the formed coating were determined. It has been established that the electro-explosive coating is multi-element and multi-phase and possesses submicro-and nanocrystalline structure, high strength and tribological properties. It was found, that the formation of TiNb coating is accompanied by a multiple (more than 2 times) decrease in the wear parameter, i.e. wear resistance increase of the surface layer, an increase in the friction coefficient by 1.5 times, significant increase in hardness (1.5 times) and Young's modulus (1.3 times).
Mathematical Modeling оf the Silicon Production Process from Pelletized Charge
Authors: Nemchinova Nina V. , Tyutrin Andrey A. , Fedorov Sergei N.
Published: May 2020

The paper considers the problem of recycling the dust waste resulting from metallurgical silicon production; such dust contains considerable amounts of valuable silica. The problem is solved by redirecting this byproduct to the silicon smelting process. We herein propose using the dust left in silicon and aluminum production as a component of pelletized charge, used for silicon smelting in ore-thermal furnaces (OTF). Mathematical (physico-chemical) modeling was applied to study the behavior of pelletized-charge components, in order to predict the chemical composition of smelting-produced silicon. We generated a model that simulated the four temperature zones of a furnace, as well as the crystalline-silicon phase (25°С). The model contained 17 elements entering the furnace, due to being contained in raw materials, electrodes, and the air. Modeling produced molten silicon, 91.73 wt% of which was the target product. Modeling showed that, when using the proposed combined charge, silicon extraction factor would amount to 69.25%, which agrees well with practical data. Results of modeling the chemical composition of crystalline silicon agreed well with the chemical analysis of actually produced silicon.
Improving the Efficiency of Steel De-Oxidation at the Ural Steel
Authors: Shapovalov Aleksey N. , Dema Roman R. , Nefed'ev Sergey P.
Published: May 2020

The analysis of the results of steel de-oxidation with manganese and silicon during tapping from an arc furnace in the Ural Steel is carried out. It is shown that the absorption of manganese and silicon during de-oxidation varies widely: from 33.0 to 88.4% (average 68.8%) for manganese and from 25.9 to 79.8% (average 63.8%) for silicon. The main causes of high varies and low absorption of deoxidizing agents were established: low carbon content and high metal overheating before de-oxidation. A statistical analysis of St 37-3 steel de-oxidation data was performed with the aim of improving the efficiency of steel de-oxidation technology in a ladle. The regression equations are obtained, allowing to calculate the assimilation of deoxidizers and the consumption of ferroalloys, depending on the temperature and carbon content in the metal during tapping from the arc furnace.
Optimization of Siderite Ore Sintering Operation Conditions
Authors: Yur'ev Boris P. , Dudko Vyacheslav A. , Korelina Elena
Published: May 2020

Research was сarried out on a pilot plant on sintering of various size siderite ore and limonite taken in various ratios. To study impact of a number of process factors on the sintering process performance and the obtained agglomerate quality at the minimum number of the carried out experiments, one of the experiment planning methods was used, and regression equations were derived. With these equations the effect of the ore size, siderite ore and limonite ratio, solid fuel consumption, sintered layer height on the agglomeration unit performance and the agglomerate metallurgical properties was reviewed. The obtained work results have great practical importance, as they allow optimization of siderite ore sintering operation conditions and production of high quality agglomerate. They may be used at a variety of the country agglomeration factories, where siderite ores will be used as iron ore component of the sinter burden.
Technologies Development for Thermo-Temporal Melt Processing in Order to Improve the Quality of Metal Products
Authors: Tyagunov Gennady V. , Baryshev Evgeny E. , Shmakova Ksenya Yu.
Published: May 2020

The melt thermo-temporal processing technology of using the results of analysis, which allowed to recommend it in the production of large-tonnage ingots and amorphous materials on iron, nickel and aluminum bases, was carried out. Thermo-temporal treatment of the melt leads to a favorable structure formation, decrease in its chemical and physical heterogeneity, reduction in size and number of shrinkage defects. These usually are accompanied by an increase in technological and service characteristics of alloys. The usable products suitable alloy increases, the metal consumption of products decreases.
Research on Siderite Ore Reducing Firing
Authors: Yur'ev Boris P. , Gol'tsev Vladimir A. , Dudko Vyacheslav A.
Published: May 2020

It was determined that the current method of the Bakalsk mining department siderite ore preparation for blast-furnace smelting does not allow production of concentrate meeting the state-of-the-art metallurgy requirements. The most perspective method is reducing firing when a metallized product with higher iron content is obtained. It was demonstrated that implementation of this method requires the use of a three-zone shaft furnace having the oxidizing roasting zone, the reduction zone and the reduced product cooling zone. Experiments were carried out on the siderite ore reducing firing on laboratory units. The possibility in principle was demonstrated for production of the reduced product with iron content of 60 – 65% from the siderite ore. After the magnetic dressing the concentrate with iron content of 65 – 75% was obtained. It was determined that firing and reduction in hydrogen atmosphere result in the fired product reduction degree of 97 %. The possibility to produce a product suitable for blast-furnace conversion with the reduction degree of about 60% with the use of natural gas air conversion gas was demonstrated. The obtained results were used in the process development for the siderite ore reducing firing in a three-zone shaft furnace.
Studies on Hydrometallurgical Treatment of Oxydized Gold-Bearing Copper Ore
Authors: Kozhonov Almaz , Nogaeva Kulgamal A. , Kritskii Aleksei V.
Published: May 2020

Inherent problems of oxidized gold-bearing copper ores processing and a comparison of hydrometallurgical methods, applied for such materials, are discussed in this article. Studies on sulfuric acid and cyanide leaching have been carried out, using the following sample of oxidized ore from one of the copper deposits (Kyrgyzstan), %: 15 Mg O, 45.6 SiO2, 0.1 S, 20 Ca O, 12.1 Fe2O3, 0.86 Cu, 1.78 Au, 9.61 Ag. Studies have been carried out. Agitation sulfuric acid leaching able to extract up to 29.9% of copper. At the same time, column sulfuric acid leaching able to extract up to 78.5% of total copper and 85.23% of copper presented by acid-soluble compounds. In case of precious metals, the agitation cyanide leaching is able to extract up to 97.6% of gold in 24 h. Increasing the grinding fineness up to 90% - 74 μm reduces cyanidation duration down to 12 h. The consumption of sodium cyanide is 4.8 kg/t of ore. At the same time, column cyanide allows to extract 73.5% Au and 81.9% Ag during 111 days, whereas 52.4% of gold is recovered in the first 10 days. Consumption of sodium cyanide is 5.45 kg/t. The most efficient ways for processing of such materials are proposed.
Investigation of Flotation Separation of Elemental Sulfur and Sulfides from Lead Sulfate from Low-Temperature Leaching of Lead Concentrates
Authors: Karimov Kirill A. , Kritskii Aleksei V. , Polygalov S.E.
Published: May 2020

Monometallic ore that is mostly lead found in nature is extremely rare. The main natural raw material for the lead production is sulfide polymetallic ores. In this study the filter cake processing after the low-temperature autoclave leaching of the lead concentrate to produce a sulphide concentrate and lead tailings was investigated The study of component separation was carried out using the methods of mathematical planning of the second order experiment. The following optimal costs of reagents, g/t: 140-200 potassium xanthate, 70-100 foaming agent, 100 copper sulfate; the concentrate yield is 41-43 %; it is extracted to, %: 95 Fe, 49 Cu, 96 Zn, 98 S0, 18-19 Pb. At flotation 18,7% of lead goes into flotation concentrate and 80.5% is lead sulfate. The rectification of the obtained concentrate by flotation did not give acceptable results, since the yield of the foam product in all experiments was 93-96%. For the separation of lead sulphate from sulphur-sulfide concentrate was used in the granulation of sulfur in the following conditions: t = 145 °C, Po2 = 0,0-0,5 MPa, τ = 60 to 120 min. In the granulation process of the flotation concentrate is a division of lead sulfate and elemental sulfur, the sulfate lead content in sulphur-sulfide phase is decreased from 28.44 % to 3.5 %, its recovery in a sulfate filter cake has reached 90.6 %
Gold Cementation by Dendritic Zinc Powders in Percolation Mode
Authors: Naumov K.D. , Lobanov Vladimir G.
Published: May 2020

In present article gold cementation features from cyanide solutions using dendritic zinc powders are studied. The powders were obtained by electroextraction from alkaline solutions. Powders with different physical properties were obtained by means of change in current density (from 0.5 to 2 A/m2) and NaOH concentration in solution (from 100 to 400 g/dm3) at the constant zinc concentration (10 g/dm3). The physical properties of mentioned powders were studied using SEM (Jeol JSM-6390LA), BET (Gemini VII 2390) and laser diffraction (Sympatec HELOS & RODOS). It is shown that electrolytic powders have high specific surface area, which is 1.8–2.6 times larger than the surface area of ​​the zinc powder currently used for cementation. At that electrolytic powders particle size is 8-22 times larger than the particle size of powder currently used for cementation. The reason of high specific surface area is the electrolytic zinc powders dendritic structure. It was found that the obtained powders precipitate gold from cyanide solutions with a greater efficiency in a wide range of productivity. Laboratory unit simulating Merrill-Crow technology was used for cementation. Immediately ahead conducting the experiments, Na2SO3 was added to the solution in excess to remove dissolved oxygen. Zinc powders were plated by dendritic lead before loading into the laboratory setup by cementation. Lead was added as acetate (Pb (CH3COO)2). The consumption of lead acetate was 10% by weight of zinc. Correlation between the powders physical properties and the gold extraction is shown.
Uranium Bioleaching from Low Grade Ore
Authors: Kanayev Ashimkhan T. , Valiyev Khussain , Bulaev Aleksandr
Published: May 2020

The goal of the present work was to perform bioleaching of uranium from low grade ore from Vostok deposit (Republic of Kazakhstan), which was previously subjected to long-term acid leaching. The ore initially contained from 0.15 to 0.20% of uranium in the form of uraninite, but ore samples used in the study contained about 0.05% of uranium, as it was exhausted during acid leaching, and uranium was partially leached. Representative samples of ore were processed in 1 m columns, leach solutions containing 5, 10, 20 g/L of sulfuric acid and bacterial cells (about 104) were percolated through the ore. Leaching was performed at ambient temperature for 70 days. In one of the percolators, the leaching was performed with leaching solution containing 10 g/L of H2SO4, cells of A. ferrooxidans, and 0.5 g/L of formaldehyde. Leaching with the solution containing 5, 10, and 20 g/L of sulfuric acid made it possible to extract 50, 53, and 58% of uranium. Addition of formaldehyde in leach solution led to the decrease in uranium extraction extent down to 37%. Thus, the results of the present work demonstrated that uranium ore exhausted during long-term acid leaching may be successfully subjected to bioleaching, that allows extracting residual quantities of uranium. Leaching rate of uranium from exhausted ore depended on both sulfuric acid concentration and microbial activity of bacteria isolated from acid mine drainage, formed on uranium deposit. In the same time, acid mine drainage may be used as a source of inoculate, to start bioleaching process.
Fine Gold Extraction Problem from Industrial Sludge
Authors: Khabibulina R.E. , Lobanov Vladimir G. , Naumov K.D.
Published: May 2020

Error reasons of gold analytical determination in the chemical plant sludge are studied. The studied sludge is waste of BaCl2 production. According to preliminary estimates it contains gold in sufficient quantity for industrial extraction. Comparison of direct sludge fire assay analysis and sludge dissolution in aqua regia, followed by gold atomic absorption determination in solution is made. The negative effect of Na+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Zn2+ ions presence in studied solutions was shown. Error quantitative estimate at alkali metals introducing into standard solutions is given. It is shown that Ca2+ and Ba2+ ions contribute the most error. Error increases linearly at addition of Ca2+ and Ba2+ ions. Growth error gradually slow down at increasing Na+, Zn2+ ion content.
Production Technology of Synthetic Iron to Ensure the Efficiency of Casting Production
Authors: Kukartsev Viktor Alekseevich , Kukartsev Vladislav Viktorovich , Tynchenko Vadim S.
Published: May 2020

Modernization of physical and mechanical properties of casting alloys, through the introduction of new processes, which can be used to obtain a precise casting with a smooth surface, which does not require machining, with a constant increase in the productivity of the implemented processes, is changing the technological and economic profile of modern foundry. The most advanced equipment is the induction crucible, melting furnace, which belongs to the main production assets and has a direct impact on productivity and, consequently, on profitability. For this reason, it is the main factor determining the content of the development strategies of the enterprise as a whole. Since 2000, iron scrap has been gone, due to the active sale of it abroad, the cost of pig iron and foundry has increased dramatically, in addition, the cost of their delivery increased. This led to higher prices in the production of castings made of synthetic iron, due to the increase in the cost of batch materials. In addition, there were problems with the use of acidic lining, as the cheapest and having a high resistance, as a part of the metal began to use an increased amount of scrap steel and, for this reason, to raise the melting temperature above 1450 Celsius. For this reason, the efficiency of production must be paid great attention.
The Numerical Mathematical Modeling of Gradient Hardening Processes under Conditions of Complex Local Loading of the Center of Deformation
Authors: Golenkov Vyacheslav A. , Dorokhov Daniil O. , Radchenko Sergey Y.
Published: May 2020

The paper considered the peculiarities of the numerical mathematical modeling of gradient hardening processes under conditions of complex local loading of the center of deformation. The authors described the mathematical model. They presented the results of modeling in the form of a picture of the change in Odkvist parameter with an increase in the number of passes. Data were given on the comparison of the results of experimental work and mathematical modeling.
Rolls Geometry Calculating Mathematical Model for Rotational Bar Surface Drawing
Authors: Antimonov Aleksey , Pushkareva Nadezhda
Published: May 2020

The problem of round-rolled surface products improving quality by reducing roughness and waviness is solved. Traditionally, grinding is used to improve the surface quality, but at the same time new defects appear in the form of cracks, tinge colours and the abrasive particles in-filtration into the surface layer. Surface pressure processing instead of grinding is not associated with such defects, therefore, it is proposed to use a transverse rolling. Rolling rational profile for transverse rolling on round-rolled surface was theoretically determined. Analytical dependences were obtained for rolls in cage with support rings calibration calculations. Such calibration use ensures uniform deterioration of roll and rings bearing surfaces, as well as the rolls balance with their one-sided load during rolling. A parametric analysis of the deformation conditions effect on the rolls geometry was performed. The conditions under which rolls profile can be limited to a circle or a straight line were considered. The obtained results were used in rolls profiling for drawing the rolling surface in laboratory and industrial conditions.
Forecasting Increase of Quality of Large-Sized Forgings Used for Stamping, Piercing, and Rolling of High-Duty Products
Authors: Belevitin Vladimir , Smyrnov Yevgen , Skliar Vitalii
Published: May 2020

When utilizing current combined systems of manufacturing large-sized shaft forgings, there is a tendency towards using an integrated approach, which consists in optimizing the shape of forged ingots and methods of their forging, intensifying shear strains in the axial zone of the ingots during their plastic deformation, and eliminating asymmetry of external forces at various points along the cross section of the ingot being deformed. This paper presents the results of the comparative analysis of quality of shaft forgings when forging ingots with a three-beam symmetric and asymmetric cross-section, as well as with the traditional octahedral cross-section, are used for the manufacture of shaft forgings. It has been shown that the use of forging ingots with a three-beam symmetrical and asymmetrical cross section provided an increase of KCU by an average of 4.3% and 13.1%, and of density by 17.5% and 21.0%, respectively, in the absence and presence of inert gas (argon) blowdown of the melt in the casting ladle before casting it into ingot molds. Their use also contributes to an increase in the number of forgings, suitable for ultrasonic testing, according to the C/c class with a permissible equivalent discontinuity diameter of ≤ 3 mm.
Short-Range Order in Fe-Cr Alloys: Lattice Monte Carlo Modelling
Authors: Bairova G.D. , Mirzoev A.A.
Published: May 2020

Short-range order in Fe–Cr alloys is investigated by Monte Carlo method. The modelling was performed by Metropolis algorithm using the LAMMPS software package. Modelling results were analyzed by the visualization and data analysis package Ovito. The model of the alloys supposed that the lattice structure was fixed and interaction exists between the first and the second neighbours. The Fe–Cr interaction was established with the use of interatomic interaction potential Abell–Brenner–Tersoff (ABOP). Different concentrations of substitutional impurity of chromium in iron were investigated, viz. 5–50 at. %. The energy of mixing in the Fe–Cr system was calculated for various concentrations of substitutional impurity. Calculation showed that the chosen interaction potential reproduces correctly the changes of the sign of the energy of mixing as a function of Cr concentration. When applied in Monte Carlo kinetic modelling the potential predicts correctly the immiscibility of initially chaotic Fe–Cr alloys as a function of Cr content. The Cowley short-range order parameter is determined that is used for quantitative estimation of the degree of ordering. A strong tendency towards ordering in Cr distribution is observed at low concentrations which is exhibited by negative values of short-range order parameters, in accordance with the experiment.
Experience of Hot Pack Rolling Application for Production of Specific Steels or Creep Resistant Alloys
Authors: Deryabin Nikita S. , Chernyshev Sergey M. , Veselkov Sergey N.
Published: May 2020

Under the current conditions, the consumption of special purpose alloys or steels is growing. This is due to the development of the import substitution program. It should be noted, that such materials possess specific deformation behavior, which requires providing particular conditions of a hot rolling process. One of the characteristics of the deformation behavior is the narrow thermal plastic range. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a hot rolling in several stages, which include interchange of heating and rolling processes. For the purpose to resolve the issue, the experience of the multilayer hot rolling of plates has been investigated where all advantages of this way of a hot rolling process were used. Based on the method of the multilayer hot rolling, the pack rolling has been developed which gives the possibility of production of hot-rolled plates from special purpose alloys or steels.
Mathematical Model of Temperature Conditions of Sheet Mills with Furnace Coilers
Authors: Sosedkova M.A. , Grigorenko A.S. , Radionova L. V. , Lisovskaya Tat'yana A. , Lezin Viacheslav D.
Published: May 2020

Determining the temperature of the strip at certain points in the technological line of the mill is very important problem in the development of new and optimization of existing technologies of the sheet rolling process. This article proposes a mathematical model of the temperature conditions of strip rolling on a mill with furnace coilers. The model takes into account the temperature change in the deformation zone during rolling, during transportation of the strip in the mill line, as well as in heating devices, in particular, in the furnaces of coilers of the Steckel mill. It is possible to calculate the change in temperature of the strip on coils and the surface of strip wind up in roll when the coiler furnaces. The mathematical model can be used for engineering calculations, as well as a tool for the scientific analysis of technological processes of sheet rolling.
Analysis of the Formation of Welded Joints from Non-Ferrous Alloy
Authors: Nescoromniy S.V. , Strizhakov Eugene L. , Vinogradov V.G.
Published: May 2020

The features of the production of welded joints from non-ferrous alloys are considered. The disadvantages of the used capacitor welding methods are described. To reduce the possibility of intermetallic compounds, it is proposed to use high-voltage capacitor welding with induction-dynamic drive (HVCW with IDD) on super-rigid modes of action. The technological scheme methods of HVCW with IDD are given, the physical nature of the impulse process is described. The results of comparative analysis of the waste of thermal energy depending on the technological method and roughness of the welded surfaces, as well as the ratio of thermal and mechanical energies for each method of HVCW with IDD are given.
Directed Energy Deposition Heat-Resistant Nickel Alloy with Vibration Assisted
Authors: Masaylo Dmitriy V. , Igoshin Sergei , Popovich Anatoly A.
Published: May 2020

The paper considers the influence of vibration oscillations on the porosity, structure and properties of compact samples obtained by directed energy deposition. A heat resistant alloy based on nickel Inconel 625 was chosen as the starting material. It was found that oscillations at a frequency of 400 Hz significantly reduce the porosity of samples, and also increase the hardness, due to a finer structure, and minimize the anisotropy of properties depending on the direction.
The Influence of a Magnetic Field on Skin Effects Lubricated by Magnetic Lubricants
Authors: Bolotov A.N. , Novikov V.V. , Novikova O.O.
Published: May 2020

The paper assesses the influence of a magnetic field on skin effects during friction when there are magnetic lubricants. It also determines the main parameters that control friction in a magnetic field. It is established that a magnetic field significantly affects friction processes, which causes a wear rate increase. The authors have found a method to improve the characteristics of friction units operating in lubrication with limited doses of magnetic oil through activating its spreading rate by a magnetic field. It is shown that in an inhomogeneous magnetic field, the concentration of magnetite particles near the friction surface and the abrasive aggregates formed from them increases. The paper assesses the influence of a magnetic field on the energy state of friction surface materials. It establishes that the presence of a magnetic field causes an increase in the concentration of surface-active molecules that chemically interact with a friction surface material, and accelerates their corrosion destruction.
Study of the Elasto-Plastic Deformation of the Steel/Steel Adhesive Joint Using Digital Image Correlation Method
Authors: Ustinov Artem M. , Klopotov Anatoliy A. , Potekaev A.I. , Galsanov S.B. , Abzaev Yu.A. , Volokitin O.G. , Vlasov Yu.A.
Published: May 2020

The study of the steel/steel adhesive joint using digital image correlation method has been carried out. A correlation between the evolution of distributions of deformation regions on the surface of the adhesive joint and the stages on the deformation curve is revealed. It has been found that a destruction along the adhesive seam begins when the adhesive joint reaches total deformations of about 0.5%. The analysis of deformation fields on the steel surface have allowed revealing the formation of extensive tension regions with greatest deformations at the interface of loaded plates. An increase in the values of compression deformations at the ends of the patch and a significant increase in the areas of these regions have been revealed.