bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nickel(II) complexes with sterically hindered 5,6,7‐trihydroquinoline derivatives selectively dimerizing ethylene to 1‐butene
Authors: Lin Wenhua , Liu Ming , Xu Lei , Ma Yanping , Zhang Liping , Flisak Zygmunt , Hu Xinquan , Liang Tongling , Sun Wen‐Hua
Published: January 2022

A series of nickel complexes bearing N,N‐bidentate ligands has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. High ethylene dimerization activity, reaching 2.43 × 106 g mol−1(Ni)h−1, was achieved by using these complexes as precatalysts activated with Me2AlCl. Moreover, the selectivity to obtain α‐C4 was high (93%–96%). Comparing with the previous report by our group, the higher activity and selectivity may be attributed to the substituent at the 2‐position within the ligand, creating the steric hindrance around the metal atom.
A new configuration of grid‐connected photovoltaic‐based multifunctional power converter for single‐phase system
Authors: Dongre Ashish A , Prakash Mishra Jyoti , Kumar Majji Ravi
Published: January 2022

The paper presents a new configuration of a grid‐connected converter centering on the needs of voltage‐sensitive nonlinear loads with source current compensation and photovoltaic (PV) power injection capability. The presented system consists of a six‐switch converter, which gives dual single‐phase output. The first output is connected in shunt near the source end to inject PV‐generated power along with the supply of load current harmonics and reactive power. The second output forms a series connection near the load end to protect the voltage‐sensitive nonlinear load from supply‐side voltage variations such as sags and harmonics. The system operation is validated through MATLAB simulation and real‐time simulation using Opal‐RT (OP4510) under different dynamic conditions such as variations in supply voltage, variation in solar irradiance, and load variation which is typically encountered in a modern distribution network. The performance of the proposed multifunctional converter is found to be satisfactory in all operating conditions by meeting the desired PV power injections along with the compensation of sensitive nonlinear load terminal voltage and source current harmonic issues within the standard allowable limit specified by IEEE.
Comparing the Effect of Contextualized Versus Generic Automated Feedback on Students' Scientific Argumentation
Authors: Olivera‐Aguilar Margarita , Lee Hee‐Sun , Pallant Amy , Belur Vinetha , Mulholland Matthew , Liu Ou Lydia
Published: January 2022

This study uses a computerized formative assessment system that provides automated scoring and feedback to help students write scientific arguments in a climate change curriculum. We compared the effect of contextualized versus generic automated feedback on students' explanations of scientific claims and attributions of uncertainty to those claims. Classes were randomly assigned to the contextualized feedback condition (227 students from 11 classes) or to the generic feedback condition (138 students from 9 classes). The results indicate that the formative assessment helped students improve their scores in both explanation and uncertainty scores, but larger score gains were found in the uncertainty attribution scores. Although the contextualized feedback was associated with higher final scores, this effect was moderated by the number of revisions made, the initial score, and gender. We discuss how the results might be related to students' familiarity with writing scientific explanations versus uncertainty attributions at school.
Conversion of antibacterial activity of graphene‐coated textiles through surface polarity
Authors: Rodrigues Daniela P. , Moreirinha Catarina , Rajan Gopika , Neves Ana I. S. , Freitas Sidónio C. , Sequeira Sara , Russo Saverio , Craciun Monica F. , Almeida Adelaide , Alves Helena
Published: January 2022

Graphene is emerging in numerous wearable and biomedical applications. Understanding the impact of graphene‐based nanocomposites over bacterial activity is critical for design appropriate technical solutions. In this work, antibacterial activity of monolayer and few‐layer graphene is tested against Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive model bacteria. Such graphene‐based nanomaterials present different effects on bacteria viability, depending on concentration and shape. The presence of dopant agents can either increase or revert graphene antibacterial effect. Among other bactericidal mechanisms, we also demonstrate that graphene surface polarity is connected to antibacterial properties and can be easily modified by surface charge transfer doping. This electrophilicity tuning offers a novel mechanism for the molecular basis of graphene's antibacterial activity.
An unusual presentation of invasive aspergillosis with submandibular swelling in a 49‐year‐old man with end‐stage renal disease: A case report
Authors: Iqbal Phool , Dakhlia Sinda , Hassen Sara Seife , Mahdi Salah
Published: January 2022

Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a fatal disease and is related to immunocompromised patients like HIV, solid organ/allogeneic stem cell transplant patients, patients on immunosuppressive therapy or chemotherapy agents, burn patients and malnourished patients. Diagnosis is challenging due to the non‐specific nature of symptoms. Usually, the patient presents with fever and respiratory symptoms such as cough and haemoptysis. We present a case of IA in a 49‐year‐old man with end‐stage renal disease who presented with fever and developed a submandibular swelling. Further imaging studies supported the possibility of having underlying IA and accordingly he was promptly treated with systemic antifungal therapy with good response. As per our knowledge, IA presenting as submandibular swelling has not been reported in the literature. Our main aim is to highlight the significance of early diagnosis and management in such a rare presentation associated with a life‐threatening condition like IA.
An order restricted multi‐arm multi‐stage clinical trial design
Authors: Serra Alessandra , Mozgunov Pavel , Jaki Thomas
Published: January 2022

One family of designs that can noticeably improve efficiency in later stages of drug development are multi‐arm multi‐stage (MAMS) designs. They allow several arms to be studied concurrently and gain efficiency by dropping poorly performing treatment arms during the trial as well as by allowing to stop early for benefit. Conventional MAMS designs were developed for the setting, in which treatment arms are independent and hence can be inefficient when an order in the effects of the arms can be assumed (eg, when considering different treatment durations or different doses). In this work, we extend the MAMS framework to incorporate the order of treatment effects when no parametric dose‐response or duration‐response model is assumed. The design can identify all promising treatments with high probability. We show that the design provides strong control of the family‐wise error rate and illustrate the design in a study of symptomatic asthma. Via simulations we show that the inclusion of the ordering information leads to better decision‐making compared to a fixed sample and a MAMS design. Specifically, in the considered settings, reductions in sample size of around 15% were achieved in comparison to a conventional MAMS design.
Expanding Horizons – The Milky Way and Beyond
Authors: Orchiston Wayne , Robertson Peter , Sullivan III Woodruff T.
Published: January 2022

Non-solar research at the Radiophysics Laboratory (RP) was launched in September 1946 when Joe Pawsey (1908–1962) tried unsuccessfully to observe the enigmatic ‘radio star’ in Cygnus that the British team of Stanley Hey (1909–2000, Fig. 4.1), John Parsons and James Phillips (1946) had announced in the 17 August issue ofNature. Two months later, John Bolton (1922–1993; Fig. 4.2) and research assistant Bruce Slee (1924–2016) were at Dover Heights trying to observe the Sun at 60 MHz. When it insisted on remaining inactive they decided to use their 2-Yagi antenna in sea interferometer mode to search for radio emission from other types of objects. Neither had a background in astronomy, and their astronomical knowledge and resources were virtually non-existent. Bolton (1982: 349) later described how they used the Russell, Duggan and Stewart bookAstronomyto “… hazard guesses as to which types of objects might emit copious amounts of radio emission …” andNorton’s Star Atlas“… to find the position of the brightest candidate in each class.”
Replica wormholes from Liouville theory
Authors: Hirano Shinji , Kuroki Tsunehide
Published: January 2022

Abstract

The replica wormholes are a key to the existence of the islands that play a central role in a recent proposal for the resolution of the black hole information paradox. In this paper, we study the replica wormholes in the JT gravity, a model of two-dimensional quantum gravity coupled to a non-dynamical dilaton, by making use of the 2d conformal field theory (CFT) description, namely, the Liouville theory coupled to the (2, p) minimal matter in the p → ∞ limit. In the Liouville CFT description, the replica wormholes are created by the twist operators and the gravitational part of the bulk entanglement entropy can be reproduced from the twist operator correlators. We propose the precise dictionary and show how this correspondence works in detail.
Emerging Technology: Preparing Tomorrow's MCH Workforce to Innovate for Equity
Authors: McKool Marissa , Han Sarah , Sandhu Jaspal , Marshall Cassondra , Guendelman Sylvia , Harley Kim
Published: January 2022

Purpose

This commentary proposes a new direction to train the MCH workforce by leveraging today’s rapidly changing innovation and technology to address persistent health inequities.

Description

We outline the creation of an MCH technology and innovation training pipeline developed by harnessing creative funding opportunities, diversifying training modalities, and expanding partnerships beyond traditional academic-practice partners, that be replicated and adapted by other academic programs.

Assessment

Technology and innovation will continue to be a growing intersection between health and equity, and we must create a robust pipeline of MCH leaders prepared to collaborate with entrepreneurial and innovation leaders.

Conclusion

Technology offers an important opportunity to improve MCH outcomes and reduce disparities, but only if we train the MCH workforce to seize these opportunities.
‘TURREM ET CASTRUM’: SOME FRESH THOUGHTS ON THE ROMAN FORTLETS OF THE YORKSHIRE COAST
Authors: White Andrew
Published: January 2022

This paper sets out to interpret the archaeological evidence of the five known Roman fortlets on the Yorkshire coast in a novel way, especially as to the structure and appearance of the sites, and how they were used. In particular it examines the use of stylobate blocks and vertical posts, and makes some comparisons with contemporary small forts andburgion the Rhine and Danube frontiers, and with maritime defences in Wales. It also looks at evidence for barrack accommodation within the enclosure. The evidence comes from a detailed examination of excavation reports and local histories. Finally, it considers the nature and status of the troops that formed the garrisons here.
Physician Authority, Family Choice, and the Best Interest of the Child
Authors: Browne Alister
Published: January 2022

Two of the most poignant decisions in pediatrics concern disagreements between physicians and families over imperiled newborns. When can the family demand more life-sustaining treatment (LST) than physicians want to provide? When can it properly ask for less? The author looks at these questions from the point of view of decision theory, and first argues that insofar as the family acts in the child’s best interest, its choices cannot be constrained, and that the maximax and minimax strategies are equally in the child’s best interest. He then proposes a guideline according to which the family can demand LST if it is physiologically possible to preserve a life the child can be expected to welcome, and refuse such treatment if it causes suffering that is “more than can be borne” even if an uncompromised life is expected to emerge.
Joint learning of morphology and syntax with cross-level contextual information flow
Authors: Can Burcu , Aleçakır Hüseyin , Manandhar Suresh , Bozşahin Cem
Published: January 2022

We propose an integrated deep learning model for morphological segmentation, morpheme tagging, part-of-speech (POS) tagging, and syntactic parsing onto dependencies, using cross-level contextual information flow for every word, from segments to dependencies, with an attention mechanism at horizontal flow. Our model extends the work of Nguyen and Verspoor ((2018). Proceedings of the CoNLL Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies. The Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 81–91.) on joint POS tagging and dependency parsing to also include morphological segmentation and morphological tagging. We report our results on several languages. Primary focus is agglutination in morphology, in particular Turkish morphology, for which we demonstrate improved performance compared to models trained for individual tasks. Being one of the earlier efforts in joint modeling of syntax and morphology along with dependencies, we discuss prospective guidelines for future comparison.
The effects of an exposure therapy training program for pre-professionals in an intensive exposure-based summer camp
Authors: McCarty Ryan J. , Cooke Danielle L. , Lazaroe Lacie M. , Guzick Andrew G. , Guastello Andrea D. , Budd Sierra M. , Downing Seth T. , Ordway Ashley R. , Mathews Carol A. , McNamara Joseph P. H.
Published: January 2022

Although exposure therapy (ET) is an effective treatment for anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder, many clinicians report not utilizing it. The present study targeted common utilization barriers by evaluating an intensive ET training experience in a relatively inexperienced sample of pre-professionals. Thirty-two individuals at the undergraduate or college graduate level without formal clinical experience participated as camp counsellors in a 5day exposure-based therapeutic summer camp for youth with anxiety disorders and/or obsessive-compulsive disorder. Participants were trained in ET through a progressive cascading model and answered questionnaires before and after camp. Repeated measure MANOVA revealed significantly increased feelings of self-efficacy conducting exposures, and significantly decreased feelings of disgust sensitivity and contamination-related disgust from pre-camp to post-camp. A subset of individuals providing data 1 month after the camp maintained a significant gain in ET self-efficacy. Regression analyses revealed that contamination-related disgust, but not disgust sensitivity, significantly predicted post-camp ET self-efficacy. These findings suggest that individuals early into their post-secondary education can learn ET, and the progressive cascading model holds promise in its utility across experience levels and warrants further investigation. Disgust may also play a role in feelings of competency conducting ET. Implications on dissemination and implementation efforts are also discussed.

Key learning aims

(1)

How can training of CBT techniques such as exposure occur prior to graduate education?

(2)

Can self-efficacy in conducting exposures meaningfully increase in an experiential training of pre-professionals?

(3)

How does an individual’s tolerance of disgust impact feelings of competence conducting exposures?
Simulation of natural ventilation of different configurations of a room equipped with a solar chimney under the city of Ouarzazate (Morocco) climatic conditions
Authors: Herouane Aboubakr , Ait Taleb Thami , Taha Janan Mourad
Published: January 2022

Natural ventilation is considered as an effective way to improve ventilation and thermal comfort and reduce energy consumption in residential buildings. In this sense, natural ventilation is done by a solar chimney. It is used to increase the air flow through the room by converting thermal energy into kinetic energy. In this work, we intend to present the results of a three dimensional numerical simulation by ANSYS software of natural ventilation through a room equipped with a solar chimney in semiarid climatic conditions of Ouarzazate (Morocco). The chimney is modelled by a rectangular channel with two South-East oriented glass faces. The main objective is to investigate effects of room dimensions for a solar chimney with of fixed dimensions. We also investigate effects of air velocity, turbulence of kinetic energy and air-flow rate in each area of room and solar chimney and determine optimal dimensions of solar chimney for each room size.
Chemical characterization of local “Beldi” almond oil for food and cosmetic purposes in northeastern of Morocco
Authors: Melhaoui Reda , Kodad Souhayla , Houmy Nadia , Belhaj Kamal , Mansouri Farid , Abid Malika , Addi Mohamed , Mihamou Aatika , Serghini Caid Hana , Elamrani Ahmed
Published: January 2022

The new trend of almond planting intensification aims for better profitability at the expense of biodiversity, which will lead to forsaking of local Beldiecotypes. Indeed, European late-flowering cultivars, especially Ferragnes and Ferraduel, were recently largely planted in northeastern Morocco. In parallel with our studies on these new almond crops, which are profitable in favorable areas, this research aims to conserve local almond biodiversity. Thus, it seeks added value for products from Beldialmonds, particularly for defective kernels (Doubles, malformed, split, and broken almonds). Therefore, these defective kernels could be used as raw materials for almond oil extraction to be used in cosmetology or even in food industry. in addition, this study is the first that has been conducted to determine the characterization of the Beldi ecotype has been carried out in this region. Low acidity and peroxide indexes values, which are respectively 0.44% and 2.67 meq O2/Kg, and a medium oxidative stability value (19 hours)were recorded for the studied almond oils obtained from seeds by mechanical pressing extraction. Total tocopherols content showed significant values 528.28 mg/Kg, with α-tocopherol as dominant. The total phenolic content of the analyzed Beldi almond oil is 147.59 mg/kg,The analyzed fatty acid profiles show that their composition is mainly constituted by oleic acid (64.68%). Finally, it should be noted that despite its low production, the Beldiecotypes will continue to spread in the marginal agro-ecological zones due to their remarkable resistance to drought and their almond oils highly valued in cosmetic, especially for skin and hair care products.
Green synthesized nanomaterials as an alternative to restricted chemicals in postharvest preservation of horticultural crops: a review
Authors: Nxumalo Kwanele A. , Fawole and Olaniyi A.
Published: January 2022

Synthetic chemicals have been successfully used to control economic postharvest pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium spp., Rhizopus spp., etc., thus reducing postharvest losses. However, their active ingredient and co-formulants have resulted in their use being restricted internationally due to health concerns and consumers’ requests for safe and natural alternatives. As an alternative to chemicals, green synthesized nanomaterials incorporated with edible coatings in a polymer matrix have been successfully applied on horticultural crops to improve their shelf-life Due to their known antimicrobial activities, plant extracts and nanoparticles such as silver and zinc oxide have been successfully used in food processing applications. Green sources are used as stabilizer and reducing agents to synthesize shape and sizecontrolled metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. Thus, eco-friendly nanoparticles are produced without using toxic materials and are cost-effective. Edible coatings form a thin layer that prevents oxidation, maintains the product quality, can be safely eaten as part of the product, and does not add unfavourable properties. Studies showed that edible coatings with or without green nanomaterials have been successfully used to control postharvest losses and improve the shelf-life of fruit crops such as plums, raspberries, etc.
Study on CO2 Emission Characteristics of China VI Heavy Duty Diesel Engine
Authors: Zhang Mingzhi , Chen Mingshi , Wang Fengbin , Gao Mingqiu , Fu Tieqiang
Published: January 2022

CO2 emission control is of great urgency, and the decrease of heavy-duty diesel engines’ CO2 emission is one of the significant methods to reduce CO2 emission. This paper uses a full-flow constantvolume dilution sampling system to experiment on the China VI heavy-duty diesel engine in order to measure CO2 emissions under WHTC and WHSC cycles and different loads, with studying the instantaneous emissions characteristics of CO2, post-processing effects on CO2 emissions, influence factors of CO2 emissions. The study found that the CO2 emissions before the post-treatment of the WHSC cycle are 37% higher than that of the WHTC cycle, while emissions of CO2 are 3.45% higher than that before post-treatment. Simultaneously, cold start increases the CO2 emissions of the heavy-duty diesel engines by more than 1%. Post-treatment still increases the CO2 emissions of heavy-duty diesel engines by 3.5%. In addition, CO2 emissions have different trends with power at different speeds. CO2 emissions get an incremental within 600rpm and 900rpm, which gradually becomes slower until it reaches the peak, as engine power increases; the CO2 emissions initially increase, followed by a decrease, and then continue to increase within 1000rpm and 1400rpm; the CO2 emissions are almost not affected by the speed within 1500rpm and 1900rpm.
State and development trends of peasant farm enterprises in Penza region
Authors: Efremova E V , Tkachuk O A , Bogomazov S V , Lyandenburskaya A V , Levin A A
Published: January 2022

The formation of the private sector in agriculture was caused by structural changes in the agro-industrial complex. One of the representatives of the private sector in the agricultural sector is a peasant farm enterprise, a form of farming that has mobility and flexibility in the market economy and contributes to its stable development. Farm enterprises also enhance the use of available material, technical, labour and economic resources. The article shows the number of peasant farm enterprises and performance indicators from 2008-2020. For a more holistic and systematic approach to the development prospects of peasant farm enterprises in the region, a SWOT analysis was compiled to systematise the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to development.
Results of studies of a suction-type milking machine with squeezing effect
Authors: Yashin A V , Polyvyanyj Y V , Kalinina O S , Khorev P N
Published: January 2022

An important measure in dairy farming is to increase the rate of milk production by increasing the milk productivity of cows. The use of modern milking equipment that meets the requirements of animal physiology will help to increase the milk production of animals. Due to the analysis of device constructions it has been revealed that the most essential disadvantage is their extremely hard influence on teat receptors and consequently inhibition of milking reflex. This leads to a reduction in the milk yield and the milking intensity of the cow. One of the items of the Federal Scientific and Technical Programme for Agricultural Development 2017-2025, in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 21 July 2016 N°350 “On Measures to Implement the State Scientific and Technical Policy for Agricultural Development” and the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 25 August 2017 N°996 “On Approving the Federal Scientific and Technical Programme for Agricultural Development 2017-2025” is technical and technological modernization of the agricultural sector, without which, with the equipment used, it is impossible to fully ensure import substitution with competitive products and increase the economic security of the country. Based on the above, it can be concluded that the work on improving milking machines is an urgent task and is of practical interest to farms.
Environmentally proved methods of cascade conversion of organic waste using a microbial complex with filamentous fungi
Authors: Ilyin D U , Ilyina G V , Sashenkova S A , Vorobyova A A
Published: January 2022

The article deals with the problem of microbial bioconversion as an effective way to utilize organic waste in relation to the industrial poultry industry. At modern poultry farms, with the implementation of an intensive technology for growing poultry, the main type of waste that could limit the scale of production is significant scale of waste litter. The cellulose and lignin components that make up the waste material and litter mass are hardly decomposable substrates. The article contains information on the results of examining the parameters of microbial processes that ensure the degradation of organic matter, including, in addition to the actual poultry litter, a significant proportion of natural components. The advantages and dynamics of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the aboriginal microflora of waste have been defined. The methods of the developed recycling technology, which is a cascade process of destruction of the waste material components, are described. Destructive processes are provided by the work of a kind of biological conveyor where various systematic and ecological-trophic groups of microorganisms have been applied. Consecutively realized fermentation provides the most efficient conversion of the substance by analogy with natural reduction and soil-forming processes. The efficiency of the use of ammonifying and nitrifying bacteria, as well as the cellulolytic and lignolytic potential of actinomycetes and filamentous fungi variates at the stage of decomposition that is optimal for each destructor has been examined. Bioconversion allows to ensure a waste mass loss of up to 30-33% of the original, to reduce emissions into the atmosphere of significant amounts of ammonia and amines, which have a characteristic pungent odor, thereby reducing social tension in the areas located closely to the storage sites. The final product of the cascade biodegradation is biocompost, which corresponds to the physicochemical parameters of organomineral fertilizer.
Prospective directions for the development of grain farming in the region, taking into account zonal features (on the example of Penza region)
Authors: Kukharev O N , Ivanov A A , Alekseeva S N , Savvateeva S A
Published: January 2022

The most important task in the sphere of agro-industrial complex management in the region is to identify new points of growth and competitive advantages of agricultural sectors, based on the rational use of available resources and minimization of the negative impact of factors constraining the development of production. An analysis of dynamics and distribution of grain crops production has shown that in view of development of industrial crops, the maintenance of stable grain production at the level of 2.7-3.0 million tons is possible due to intensification of grain and leguminous crops production and introduction of new high-yielding and demanded in the market agricultural crops into crop rotations. Intensification of grains and legumes production in Penza region must be based firstly on raising the sown areas sown with seeds of higher reproductions for providing of scientifically grounded varietal changes and variety renovation. The implementation of this task will be possible if a modern system of breeding and seed production of grain crops is established in the region. Preservation of soil fertility and reduction of the grain crop production cost can be achieved by reducing the application of nitrogen fertilizers and increasing the share of profitable leguminous crops, such as peas, lentils, and lupine, in the structure of crop rotations. Grain maize has a significant potential for diversification and increase in grain production, if agrotechnics, zoned and promising varieties and hybrids adapted to soil and climatic conditions of the region are introduced. Sustainable production of grain and leguminous crops in the region is impossible without modernization of existing and creation of new capacities on storage and processing of grain crops. Realization of complex of scientific-production and organizational-economic and program-targeted measures is of great importance.
Experimental studies of a seed disinfection device
Authors: Kukharev O N , Syomov I N , Kondratieva K S , Yashin A V
Published: January 2022

This article deals with one of the most pressing problems at present - reducing seed germination loss during storage in grain bins. The quality of the grain determines the germination rate of the seed and its maturity. However, anyone involved in agriculture can say with certainty that seed treatment before planting - “seed disinfection” - is just as important. Seed disinfection is a targeted procedure that aims to protect the seed economically and ecologically. Special preparations (pesticides) and their combinations are used for this purpose. The equipment used for seed disinfection in many plants does not always meet modern agrotechnical requirements of treatment quality, consequently it is necessary to develop technology and design of technical means with justification of its design and technological parameters. During the work, experimental methods such as simulation, observation, experiment were used. On the basis of this, the technological scheme and design of the unit for disinfection of grain in the flow when putting in storage was obtained and the optimal parameters of the proposed device were determined.
Effect of Leg Length Discrepancy on Lateral Center-edge Angle Measurement
Authors: Park Jung-Wee , Shin Chang Ho , Choi Byung Sun , Cho Yoon Joo , Yoo Won Joon , Choi In Ho , Cho Tae-Joon
Published: January 2022

Background:

In patients with leg length discrepancy (LLD) and consequent pelvic obliquity, either the longitudinal axis of the pelvis or a line perpendicular to the ground may be used as the longitudinal reference line for measuring the lateral center-edge angle (LCEA). We aimed to (1) systematically inspect which longitudinal reference line has been used for measuring the LCEA in previous studies; (2) evaluate the frequency of change in the radiographical classification of acetabular overcoverage or undercoverage per the longitudinal reference line; and (3) validate the trigonometric method, predicting the change in the LCEA according to the LLD.

Methods:

Studies investigating the LCEA published between January 1976 and July 2019 in the MEDLINE database were categorized according to the longitudinal reference line used. Further, in a retrospective analysis of 238 patients surgically treated for LLD, the LCEA was first measured on standing pelvic radiographs using the longitudinal axis of the pelvis (pLCEA) and measured again using a line perpendicular to the ground (gLCEA). Femoral head coverage was categorized as undercoverage, normal, or overcoverage based on the pLCEA and gLCEA. The theoretically calculated difference between the pLCEA and gLCEA (dLCEA) as determined using a trigonometric method was compared with the dLCEA measured on radiographs.

Results:

Of 229 previous studies, 188 did not specify the longitudinal reference line. The number of patients who were diagnosed with acetabular overcoverage using the pLCEA and gLCEA was one and fourteen, respectively (P<0.001). The number of patients who were diagnosed with acetabular undercoverage using the pLCEA and gLCEA was one and zero, respectively (P=1.000). There was no difference (P=0.433) between the theoretically calculated (9±5 degrees) and measured (9±5 degrees) dLCEAs.

Conclusions:

The definition of the longitudinal reference line should be clarified when measuring the LCEA. The trigonometric method can accurately predict the change in the LCEA according to LLD in concentric hips without proximal femoral and pelvic deformities.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV—diagnostic study.
Neural hyperactivity is a core pathophysiological change induced by deletion of an autism risk gene Ash1l in the mouse brain
Authors: Gao Yuen , Aljazi Mohammad B , He Jin
Published: January 2022

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disease associated with various gene mutations. Previous genetic and clinical studies report that mutations of the epigenetic gene ASH1L are highly associated with human ASD and intellectual disability (ID). Recent studies demonstrate that loss of Ash1l in the mouse brain is sufficient to induce ASD/ID-like behavioral and cognitive memory deficits, suggesting that disruptive ASH1L mutations are likely to be the causative driver leading to the ASD/ID pathogenesis in human patients. However, the brain pathophysiological changes underlying the Ash1l-deletion-induced ASD/ID-like behavioral and memory deficits remain unknown. Here we show loss of Ash1l in the mouse brain causes locomotor hyperactivity and higher metabolic rates . In addition, the mutant mice display lower thresholds for the convulsant reagent-induced epilepsy and increased neuronal activities in broad brain areas. Thus, our current study reveals that neural hyperactivity is a core pathophysiological change in the Ash1l-deficient mouse brain, which provides a brain-level basis for further studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the Ash1l-deletion-induced ASD/ID pathogenesis.
Histological and Molecular Plasticity of ALK-positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer under Targeted Therapy - a Case Report
Authors: Ball Markus , Christopoulos Petros , Kirchner Martina , Allgaeuer Michael , Brandt Regine , Winter Hauke , Heussel Claus Peter , Herth Felix , Froehling Stefan , Savai Rajkumar , Kriegsmann Mark , Schirmacher Peter , Peters Solange , Thomas Michael , Stenzinger Albrecht , Kazdal Daniel
Published: January 2022

With medical progress in cancer therapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) became a standard of care for many cancer types. But the broad range of possible targeted therapies was accompanied by a plethora of potential resistance mechanisms, of which many have still to be identified. Here, we present the case of a patient with an EML4-ALK translocated non-small-cell lung cancer treated with four different TKIs. His tumor developed not only a well-known ALK-TKI resistance mutation, but also underwent a histological transformation from adenocarcinoma to squamous cell carcinoma. To confirm a shared monoclonal origin of the phenotypically different tumors, a phylogenetic reconstruction was conducted: this revealed a cluster of mutations including NFE2L2, KMT2D and MLH1 which are possible triggering events for the transformation.
How centrality bias in subjective evaluation affects positive and negative employee work behavior: a real-effort task experiment
Authors: Mursita Lufi Yuwana , Nahartyo Ertambang
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Based on the referent cognitions theory (RCT), individuals compare their outcomes to a given reference point. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of centrality bias in subjective performance evaluation on two employees’ work behaviors; willingness to exert work effort and retaliation intention.

Methods

A 2  ×  2 × 2 between-subject real-effort task experiment was conducted on 162 Accounting and Management students. Centrality bias and level of task difficulty were each manipulated into two groups. Meanwhile, the level of performance was divided based on the average score of the real-effort task.

Findings

The experimental data were examined using MANOVA and PROCESS macro regression. It reveals that centrality bias negatively affects willingness to exert work effort through perceived procedural fairness and positively affects retaliation intention. These findings align with the RCT in explaining the perceived procedural fairness psychological mechanism and the work behavior resulting from an unfair evaluation procedure.

Originality/value

This study is the first of its kind to investigate the effect of centrality bias in subjective performance evaluation on positive and negative employee behaviors concurrently, which refers to the real-effort experimental task. The study demonstrates the significant impact of centrality bias on unwillingness to exert effort and adverse behavior.
Free vibration analysis of a laminated honeycomb sandwich panel: a suggested analytical solution and a numerical validation
Authors: Al-Khazraji Mustafa S. , Jweeg M. J. , Bakhy S. H.
Published: January 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the free vibration response of a laminated honeycomb sandwich panels (LHSP) for aerospace applications. Higher order shear deformation theory (HSDT) was simplified for the dynamic analysis of LHSP. Furthermore, the effects of honeycomb parameters on the value of natural frequency (NF) of vibration were explored.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper applies HSDT to the analysis of composite LHSP to derive four vibration differential equations of motion and solve it to find the NF of vibration. Two analytical models (Nayak and Meunier models) were selected from literature for comparison of the NF of vibration. In addition, a numerical model was built by using ABAQUS and the results were compared. Furthermore, parametric studies were conducted to explore the effect of honeycomb parameters on the value of the NF of vibration.

Findings

The present model is successful in simplifying HSDT for the analysis of LHSP. The first five natural frequencies of vibration were calculated analytically and numerically. In the parametric study, increasing core height or young’s modulus or changing laminate layup will increase the value of NF of vibration. Furthermore, increasing plate constraint (using clamped edge boundary condition) will increase the value of NF of vibrations.

Research limitations/implications

The current analysis is suitable for all-composite symmetric LHSP. However, for isotropic or non-symmetric materials, minor modifications might be adopted.

Originality/value

The application of simplified HSDT to the analysis of LHSP is one of the important values of this research. The other is the successful and complete dynamic analysis of all-composite LHSP.
Technologies changing in the post pandemic era
Authors: Oyelude Adetoun A.
Published: January 2022

Purpose

This paper looks at conditions of service delivery and technologies that are being deployed in libraries, archives and museums in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era.

Design/methodology/approach

Literature search from the internet, blogs and wikis over a period of three months were carried out to garner facts. Libraries, archives and museums that had resumed service delivery from different parts of the world were featured.

Findings

More digital tools were found to be needed than before the pandemic. These digital tools provide services that can be accessed anytime, anywhere, from any device. Libraries would have to adjust to the changing nature of education, settling for more use of artificial intelligence, audiovisual immersive technologies, and enabling digital and media literacy. Cloud-based technologies, security, analytics and automation have to thrive in the new normal.

Originality/value

Library, archives and museum workers will find information on identifying new ways of doing their work differently in the post-pandemic era. Re-skilling for them, especially, will have to be a priority.
The mediating effect of moral courage in the relationship between virtuous leadership and moral voice
Authors: Alshehri Faisal Ali H. , Elsaied Mervat
Published: January 2022

Purpose

The present study examines how virtuous leadership influences moral voice in organisations through moral courage as a mediating variable.

Design/methodology/approach

The data were collected using a questionnaire survey of 376 employees and their immediate supervisors (289 employees and 87 supervisors), working in 11 firms of medical suppliers. The data were collected from employees and their immediate supervisors at two different phases and on separate questionnaires.

Findings

The results revealed that virtuous leadership has a positive and significant relationship with moral voice. Furthermore, the results showed that moral courage fully mediates the indirect relationship between virtuous leadership and moral voice.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to address the relationship between virtuous leadership and moral voice. In addition, it is the first to explore the mediating mechanism in the relationship between virtuous leadership and moral voice through moral courage as a mediating variable.
Evidence on the acute and residual neurocognitive effects of cannabis use in adolescents and adults: a systematic meta‐review of meta‐analyses
Authors: Dellazizzo Laura , Potvin Stéphane , Giguère Sabrina , Dumais Alexandre
Published: January 2022

Background

Cannabis is among the most consumed psychoactive substances world‐wide. Considering changing policy trends regarding the substance, it is crucial to understand more clearly its potential acute and residual adverse effects from a public health viewpoint. Cognitive function is one of the targeted areas with conflicting findings. This meta‐review measured the magnitude of acute and residual effects of cannabis on cognition in adolescents and adults provided by meta‐analyses and evaluated quality of evidence.

Methods

A systematic search was performed in PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Meta‐analyses were included if they quantitatively examined the performances of users from the general population on cognitive tasks.

Results

The search retrieved 10 eligible meta‐analyses (71 effects sizes, n = 43 761) with evidence ranging from low to moderate quality, which were categorized into domains of cognitive functions: executive functions (k = 7), learning and memory (k = 5), attention (k = 4), processing speed (k = 5), perceptual motor function (k = 2) and language (k = 2). Verbal learning and memory displayed the most robust evidence and were most impaired by acute cannabis intoxication that persisted after intoxication passed. Small‐to‐moderate acute and residual   adverse effects were reported for executive functioning. Cannabis use led to small deficits in inhibitory processes and flexibility, whereas small‐to‐moderate deficits were reported for working memory and decision‐making. Evidence regarding processing speed and attention has shown that cannabis administration induced small‐to‐moderate adverse effects and residual neurocognitive deficits were observed in heavy cannabis‐using youths. Results showed no significant difference between cannabis users and non‐users on language, and small‐to‐moderate effects for simple motor skills.

Conclusion

Meta‐analytical data on the acute effects of cannabis use on neurocognitive function have shown that cannabis intoxication leads to small to moderate deficits in several cognitive domains. These acute impairments accord with documented residual effects, suggesting that the detrimental effects of cannabis persist beyond acute intake.
Utilisation of immunoglobulin in New Zealand
Authors: Mishra Sonam , Flanagan Peter , Frampton Chris
Published: January 2022

Background

Immunoglobulin is an expensive and scarce resource and usage is increasing worldwide. Immunoglobulin is used to treat a variety of clinical conditions, particularly primary and acquired immunodeficiencies and immune‐mediated neurological disorders. As immunoglobulin usage continues to increase, plasma collection must increase accordingly in order to sustain immunoglobulin production. The New Zealand Blood Service (NZBS) is the provider of immunoglobulin in New Zealand (NZ). Information regarding national immunoglobulin usage warrants analysis given the rise in usage.

Aims

To review immunoglobulin usage in NZ with a focus on the trend in the amount used, number of patients, clinical indications and compliance with international guidelines. A comparison with international immunoglobulin usage was performed. The impact on national plasma collection was reviewed.

Methods

Data on immunoglobulin usage, number of patients and plasma collection over the past decade were obtained from the NZBS Tableau database. Data from international literature were reviewed.

Results

Immunoglobulin usage in NZ has been increasing over the past decade, with an annual growth rate of 6.4%. The three main indications for immunoglobulin are primary immunodeficiency disorders, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) and acquired hypogammaglobulinaemia secondary to haematological malignancies. Prominent growth in usage is evident for CIDP and acquired hypogammaglobulinaemia. Immunoglobulin usage in NZ is low compared with other countries, such as Australia and the United States. There has been a marked increase in plasma donations in order to keep up with immunoglobulin demand.

Conclusions

Immunoglobulin is a strategic resource and appropriate usage is critical to regulate demand.
Clinical predictors of pulmonary embolism for inpatients: are computed tomography pulmonary angiograms being requested appropriately?
Authors: Ling Lisa Luo‐Lan , Zhang Victor Jia Wei , Lim Hui Yin , Lim Ming Joe , Ho Prahlad
Published: January 2022

Background

The heterogeneity of inpatient pulmonary embolism (PE) presentations may lead to computed tomography pulmonary angiograms (CTPA) being over‐requested. Current clinical predictors for PE, including Wells criteria and Pulmonary Embolism Rule‐out Criteria (PERC), have predominantly focussed on outpatient and emergency department populations.

Aim

To determine the clinical indicators for ordering inpatient CTPA and the predictors of positive scans for PE.

Methods

Consecutive inpatient CTPA (performed >24 h after admission) from January 2017 to December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Variables including baseline characteristics, vital signs and risk factors for PE were extracted.

Results

A total of 312 CTPA was reviewed (average patient age 67 years; 46% male) and 36 CTPA were positive for PE (11.5%). The average time to inpatient CTPA request was 7 days. Clinical indicators associated with positive scans were hypoxia (odds ratio (OR) 2.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–5.6), tachypnoea (OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.2–6.0), recent surgery or immobilisation (OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.2–6.4), S1Q3T3 pattern on electrocardiogram (ECG; OR 7.2; 95% CI 1.4–35.7) and right bundle branch block pattern on ECG (OR 4.7; 95% CI 1.6–13.1). Hypotension, fever and malignancy were not significant. Both PERC and Wells criteria had poor positive predictive value (12% and 27% respectively), but the negative predictive value for PERC and Wells was 100% and 95.8% respectively.

Conclusion

Inpatient CTPA appear to be over‐requested and can potentially be rationalised based on a combination of clinical predictors and Wells criteria and/or PERC rule. Further prospective studies are needed to develop accurate clinical decision tools targeted towards inpatients.