bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disagreement in Inflation Forecasts and Inflation Risk Premia in Brazil
Authors: Nunes Clemens Vinicius , Doi Jonas , Fernandes Marcelo
Published: June 2017

The aim of this study is to investigate the link between the inflation uncertainty and the inflation risk premia implied by the term structures of nominal and real interest rates in Brazil. We gauge the latter by the difference between the breakeven inflation rate and agents’ inflation median expectations in the Focus Survey published by the Central Bank of Brazil. To proxy for inflation uncertainty, we employ the standard deviation of the 12-month inflation expectations in the Focus Survey. We first estimate the impact of inflation uncertainty on the inflation risk premia across different horizons using a VAR approach. We find that shocks in inflation uncertainty significantly affect the 9-, 12-, 24- and 36-month inflation risk premia. The impact is positive, increasing with maturity at least up to 12 months. We then estimate an alternative VAR specification that summarizes the term structure of inflarion risk premia by means of level, slope and curvature factors. It turns out that shocks in inflation uncertainty do not affect the slope and curvature factors, resulting only in parallel shifts in the inflation premium term structure. This is in line with the fact that the higher the inflation uncertainty, the higher is the compensation that investors will require to hold fixed rate bonds.
FEATURES OF HONEYSUCKLE CULTIVATION IN THE KAMA REGION OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
Authors: Абрамова  , Abramova Galina
Published: June 2017

Since ancient times honeysuckle attracted the attention of gardeners. Very early ripening honeysuckle berries is appreciated by amateur gardeners, who are the main suppliers of this early production. Honeysuckle is varied and wide ecological amplitude. In recent years the popularity of plants has increased dramatically in the Republic of Tatarstan among amateur gardeners, after the appearance of sweet varieties with rich biochemical composition and original taste. Besides very early ripening of berries, the honeysuckle is valued for its high winter hardiness, flowers resistant to spring frosts, the annual fruiting, fruits with a rich biochemical composition and original taste, used for processing and in medical purposes. A demand for honeysuckle berries has increased on the Russian market. The results of 2 years research have shown, that in Kama region of the Republic of Tatarstan the most promising honeysuckle varities are: Dlinnoplodnaya, Nimfa, Volokhova, Bakcharskaya, Kamchadalka. For two years the studied varieties showed a good high winter hardiness in Tatarstan. The bud break occurred in 2012 on April 9-12, in 2013 - April 12-15. Ripening of berries occurred on in 2012 on May 28, and in 2013 - May 29 - June 1, depending on the variety. The berries of blue honeysuckle differ with dessert flavor fruits from sweet and sour to sweet fruits (4.6-5.0 points), which causes a great demand among the population. Thus, it can be noted that the studied varieties of honeysuckle, cultivated in Kama region og Tatarstan, are characterized by high commodity of berries qualities, have high taste and early ripening, that let us to suggest to cultivate of honeysuckle on a commercial scale and, without doubt, use in amateur gardening.
Getting published: a practical guide part II
Authors: Albarran John , Dowling Sally
Published: June 2017

This second paper in our Writing for Publication series aims to guide readers on how to organise the structure and content of a manuscript according to a journal's guidelines. A strong manuscript is one written in an accessible, informative, stimulating and engaging style. To achieve this, planning should be developed in stages, underpinned by periods of regular writing and editing activities. Authorship order, approaches to managing time, promoting relevance and interest to the readership, consistency in writing style, and dealing with peerreview feedback are also discussed and framed around the themes of ‘writing the manuscript’ and ‘performing quality control activities’.
Principles of skin tightening with different forms of radiofrequency technology
Authors: Smith Victoria , Whiteley Mark
Published: June 2017

Skin laxity continues to be a concern for people as they age and experience anatomical changes. While cosmetic surgery remains the gold standard and most effective type of procedure in the long term, non-surgical alternatives come with less downtime, allowing patients to return to normal activities more quickly, and are less daunting for those who are only just venturing into medical aesthetics. The use of radiofrequency for skin tightening has grown rapidly over the past decade, with many new devices appearing on the market using the technology in different forms and varying combinations. This article looks at the principles of skin tightening with radiofrequency, touching on several methods of delivery, the biological effects and the treatment factors affecting results.
Enhancing resilience in individuals with or at risk of appearance concerns
Authors: Ridley Matthew
Published: June 2017

Sociocultural pressures around physical appearance are more prominent in today's society than for any previous generation. Matthew Ridley describes what can be learned from individuals with a condition causing a visible difference, and goes on to propose some resilience-enhancing pointers for clinicians working with individuals with or at risk of developing a preoccupation with their appearance
Association ‘new year’ resolutions: development and project plans
Authors: Traill Frances Turner
Published: June 2017

Since the start of the membership year for the British Association of Cosmetic Nurses (BACN), several initiatives and benefits have been implemented for those who have joined. Frances Turner Traill outlines the BACN's new shadowing and mentoring programme, and introduces the newly appointed board advisors from around the UK, who have recently joined
Time to speak up: why aesthetic practitioners should make more noise
Authors: Senior Amy
Published: June 2017

In a sector that is often likened to the ‘Wild West’, it is important not only to identify poor and unethical practice, but also to report it to the relevant authorities. Following a talk delivered on the state of medical aesthetics, Amy Senior outlines the significant issues the field is facing and suggests quick and efficient ways in which practitioners can help to change the complex landscape of this sector for the future
What it takes to set up a successful aesthetic clinic: a decade of reflection
Authors: Bennett Sharon
Published: June 2017

Sharon Bennett, the chair of the British Association of Cosmetic Nurses and a national trainer in cosmetic injectables, has now practised medical aesthetics for over 25 years. She is helping to devise some of this year's at-show content at CCR Expo, specifically for an aesthetic nursing audience. In advance of the event, she details the journey she has been on to set up her own successful aesthetic practice
Evaluating risk in your business: implementing the pre-mortem model
Authors: Smith Victoria , Wiggins Nancy
Published: June 2017

In this day and age, business managers pride themselves on being busy. However, this can backfire when the busyness prevents them from analysing and protecting their business for any potential risks. Victoria Smith and Nancy Wiggins discuss the importance of regularly evaluating your aesthetic clinic for any danger areas and introduce a simple model which can be used to do so
Tear trough deformity correction: an advanced aesthetic procedure
Authors: Hubbard Kev
Published: June 2017

Tear trough deformity is a common presentation in aesthetics due to the loss of orbital fat and volume. It can be treated successfully with hyaluronic acid dermal fillers, which offer an effective alternative to surgical procedures. However, the tear trough is a challenging area to manage and is therefore an advanced technique. Kev Hubbard recommends a treatment protocol and outlines the anatomy
Perioral rejuvenation with dermal fillers: creating and maintaining natural results
Authors: Narayan-Denning Aarti
Published: June 2017

With dermal filler injections now being a fairly commonplace procedure, it is time aesthetic practitioners looked beyond the immediate ‘snapshot’ outcomes at factors affecting longer-term retention of optimum results. Aarti Narayan-Denning draws attention to the patient and product factors that impact these outcomes, and encourages further investigation
Análisis espacial del desempeño electoral de PT y PSDB entre 1994 y 2014 en Brasil
Authors: Cervi Emerson Urizzi
Published: June 2017

El artículo integra los campos de investigación en geografía y representación electoral en Brasil. El objetivo es analizar los perfiles de votación de los partidos Partido dos Trabalhadores (pt) y Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira (psdb) por municipalidad entre 1994 y 2014. La hipótesis es que existe un cambio en el patrón geográfico de votos. Las variables explicativas son el pib per cápita, el Índice de Vulnerabilidad Social y el Índice de Presencia Electoral. Los resultados indican que la fuerza local del partido explica los votos a favor de la oposición, mientras que la presencia del Estado, aquellos a favor del gobierno.
Plasticity in the Structure of Visual Space
Authors: Song Chen , Haun Andrew M. , Tononi Giulio
Published: June 2017

Visual space embodies all visual experiences, yet what determines the topographical structure of visual space remains unclear. Here we test a novel theoretical framework that proposes intrinsic lateral connections in the visual cortex as the mechanism underlying the structure of visual space. The framework suggests that the strength of lateral connections between neurons in the visual cortex shapes the experience of spatial relatedness between locations in the visual field. As such, an increase in lateral connection strength shall lead to an increase in perceived relatedness and a contraction in perceived distance. To test this framework through human psychophysics experiments, we used a Hebbian training protocol in which two-point stimuli were flashed in synchrony at separate locations in the visual field, to strengthen the lateral connections between two separate groups of neurons in the visual cortex. After training, participants experienced a contraction in perceived distance. Intriguingly, the perceptual contraction occurred not only between the two training locations that were linked directly by the changed connections, but also between the outward untrained locations that were linked indirectly through the changed connections. Moreover, the effect of training greatly decreased if the two training locations were too close together or too far apart and went beyond the extent of lateral connections. These findings suggest that a local change in the strength of lateral connections is sufficient to alter the topographical structure of visual space.
Shaping of Signal Transmission at the Photoreceptor Synapse by EAAT2 Glutamate Transporters
Authors: Niklaus Stephanie , Cadetti Lucia , vom Berg-Maurer Colette M. , Lehnherr André , Hotz Adriana L. , Forster Ian C. , Gesemann Matthias , Neuhauss Stephan C.F.
Published: June 2017

Photoreceptor ribbon synapses tonically release glutamate. To ensure efficient signal transmission and prevent glutamate toxicity, a highly efficient glutamate removal system provided by members of the SLC1 gene family is required. By using a combination of biophysical andin vivostudies, we elucidate the role of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) proteins in synaptic glutamate homeostasis at the zebrafish photoreceptor synapse. The main glutamate sink is provided by the glial EAAT2a, reflected by reduced electroretinographic responses in EAAT2a-depleted larvae. EAAT2b is located on the tips of cone pedicles and contributes little to glutamate reuptake. However, this transporter displays both a large chloride conductance and leak current, being important in stabilizing the cone resting potential. This work demonstrates not only how proteins originating from the same gene family can complement each other’s expression profiles and biophysical properties, but also how presynaptic and glial transporters are coordinated to ensure efficient synaptic transmission at glutamatergic synapses of the central nervous system.
Mies's Opaque Cube: The Electric Utilities Pavilion at the 1929 Barcelona International Exposition
Authors: Sevilla Laura Lizondo
Published: June 2017

Mies's Opaque Cube: The Electric Utilities Pavilion at the 1929 Barcelona International Exposition focuses on the dramatic, opaque, white cube-shaped building designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe for the German electricity industry's display at the exposition. Like many emblematic projects of modern architecture, the pavilion was created for a temporary exhibition and is known only through the photographic and graphic documentation of the era. Mies used the Electricity Supply Company Pavilion to experiment with a variety of ideas, including the use of photo murals and a new expression of structure and space, that featured in his later buildings. Through archival research, Laura Lizondo Sevilla has reconstructed this pavilion, the original plans for which no longer exist, and her article reinterprets the building's contribution to Mies's subsequent architecture.
MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Risk of overtreatment in patients with adrenal insufficiency: current and emerging aspects
Authors: Mazziotti G , Formenti A M , Frara S , Roca E , Mortini P , Berruti A , Giustina A
Published: June 2017

The effects of long-term replacement therapy of adrenal insufficiency (AI) are still a matter of controversy. In fact, the established glucocorticoid replacement regimens do not completely reproduce the endogenous hormonal production and the monitoring of AI treatment may be a challenge for the lack of reliable clinical and biochemical markers. Consequently, several AI patients are frequently exposed to relative glucocorticoid excess potentially leading to develop chronic complications, such as diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension and fragility fractures with consequent impaired QoL and increased mortality risk. This review deals with the pathophysiological and clinical aspects concerning the over-replacement therapy of primary and secondary AI.
Steady Free Convection Boundary Layer Flows at a Vertical Plate with Variable Fluid Properties
Authors: M. Ferdows  , Zavid Iqbal Bangalee  , Ashish Barmon  , Raushan Ara Quadir 
Published: June 2017

This paper investigates the similarity solutions of the steady two-dimensional flow of a stream of viscous fluid with far field viscosity past a vertical plate. The variable viscosity, thermal conductivity and heat sink in momentum and energy equations are incorporated. The governing system of equations are transformed into dimensionless equations and solved numerically by using Maple-13 software for different boundary conditions and for various values of parameters. The effects of different values of physical parameters on the velocity and temperature profiles as well as on the skin-friction coefficient and Nusselt number are discussed.
Possible changes of New-Generation inflammation markers with occupational lead exposure
Authors: Sipahi Hande , Girgin Gozde , Palabiyik Saziye Sezin , Tutkun Engin , Yilmaz Omer Hinc , Baydar Terken
Published: June 2017

Objectives

Occupational lead (Pb) exposure is still an important health problem in the world. Long-term Pb exposure causes several adverse effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of inflammation markers with chronic Pb exposure by analyzing neopterin levels and kynurenine (Kyn) to tryptophan (Trp) ratio that reflects indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity and to compare with healthy volunteers’ parameters.

Methods

Blood lead levels (BLLs) were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Urinary neopterin and serum Kyn and Trp levels were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Results

According to our results, mean BLL of the 29 workers was 20.4±9.6 μg/d/. Urinary neopterin levels, serum Kyn levels, and Kyn/Trp of Pb workers (188±52 μmol/mol creatinine, 2.70±0.66 μM, and 43.19±10.38 μmol/mmol, respectively) were significantly higher than controls (144±35 μmol/mol creatinine, 2.08±0.34 μM, and 32.24±7.69 μmol/mmol, respectively). Pb-exposed workers were divided into further three groups according to their BLLs: as 10-19 μg/d/(n=18), 20-29 μg/d/(n=8), and 30-49 μg/d/(n=3). Neopterin levels of the workers with BLL of 30-49 μg/d/were significantly higher than those of BLL with 10-29 μg/d/, while Trp levels decreased. Kyn/Trp of workers with BLL of 30-49 μg/d/were elevated significantly compared with the workers with BLL<30 μg/d/. In addition to neopterin, Kyn and Kyn/Trp levels were positively influenced by Pb exposure.

Conclusions

Increased level of inflammation markers confirms the adverse effects of Pb even low BLLs, and we suggest that monitoring BLLs with inflammation markers could help to prevent serious occupational health problems.
High-k Materials for Advanced Gate Stack Dielectrics: a Comparison of ALCVD and MOCVD as Deposition Technologies
Authors: Caymax Matty , Bender H. , Brijs B. , Conard T. , DeGendt S. , Delabie A. , Heyns M. , Onsia B. , Ragnarsson L. , Richard O. , Vandervorst W. , Elshocht S. Van , Zhao C. , Maes J.W. , Daté L. , Pique D. , Young E. , Tsai W. , Shimamoto Y.
Published: June 2017

In the quest for ever smaller transistor dimensions, the well-known and reliable SiO2 gate dielectric material needs to be replaced by alternatives whith higher dielectric constants in order to reduce the gate leakage. Candidate materials are metal oxides such as HfO2. Themost promising deposition techniques, next to Physical Vapor Deposition, appear to be ALCVD and MOCVD. In this paper, we compare the most important characteristics of layers from both proces techniques and assess their relevance to gate stack applications: density, crystallisation, impurities, growth mechanism, interfacial layers, dielectric constant, mobility. Although we find some minor differences, layers from both techniques mostly show striking similarities in many aspects, both positive and negative.
Low temperature Si0.85 Ge0.15 oxynitridation in wet-nitric oxide ambient
Authors: Dasgupta Anindya , Takoudis Christos G.
Published: June 2017

Nitric oxide (NO) aided Si0.85Ge0.15 wet-oxynitridation has been performed at 400 700°C, while the wet-NO feed gas was preheated to higher temperatures before entering the reaction zone. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) data suggests that both nitrogen and oxygen incorporation increases within the dielectric bulk with increasing wet-oxynitridation temperature, while there is no apparent germanium segregation towards the dielectric/substrate interface at all temperatures studied. Angle-resolved XPS analysis shows that increase in wetoxynitridation temperature above 600°C is likely to volatilize some germanium oxide from the surface region. Nitrogen incorporation is found to hinder germanium segregation. These results are discussed in the context of an overall mechanism of SiGe wet-oxynitridation.
Limiting Native Oxide Regrowth for High-k Gate Dielectrics
Authors: Choi K. , Harris H. , Gangopadhyay S. , Temkin H.
Published: June 2017

A cleaning process resulting in atomically smooth, hydrogen-terminated, silicon surface that would inhibit formation of native silicon oxide is needed for high-k gate dielectric deposition. Various cleaning methods thus need to be tested in terms of resistance to native oxide formation. Native oxide re-growth is studied as a function of exposure time to atmospheric ambient using ellipsometry. Hafnium dioxide film (k ~23) is deposited on the as-cleaned substrates by electron beam evaporation and subsequently annealed in hydrogen. The difference in the effective oxide thickness re-grown on surfaces treated with the conventional RCA and modified Shiraki cleaning methods, after one-hour exposure, can be as large as 2 Å. This is significant in device applications demanding equivalent oxide thickness less than 20 Å. The degree of hydrogen passivation, surface micro-roughness and organic removal capability are considered to be the main factors that explain the differences between the cleaning methods. Data derived from capacitance-voltage analysis of test capacitors verified the trend observed in the native oxide thickness measurements. An increase of 10~15 % in accumulation capacitance is observed in the samples treated by the new cleaning method.
Relaxation of SiGe Films for the Fabrication of Strained Si Devices
Authors: Maa J.S. , Tweet D. J. , Lee J.J. , Hsu S.T. , Fujii K. , Naka T. , Ueda T. , Baba T. , Awaya N. , Sakiyama K.
Published: June 2017

For the fabrication of bulk strained Si devices, a thin Si layer is deposited on a virtual substrate consisting of a several μm thick compositionally graded SiGe layer. A simpler approach utilizing H or He implantation to enhance relaxation of a thin SiGe film was recently reported. In this current work, hydrogen implantation is used to enhance the SiGe relaxation; and, relaxation beyond the previous reported limit is demonstrated. Experiments are performed on CVD deposited SiGe films with Ge fractions ranging from 20% to 40 % and thickness in the range of 100nm to about 500nm. After annealing at 800°C, relaxation of more than 80% is achieved. PMOS and NMOS devices are successfully fabricated and much enhanced hole and electron mobilities are demonstrated.
Ultra-Shallow Junction Formation by Excimer Laser Annealing of Ultra-Low Energy B Implanted in Si
Authors: Fortunato G. , Mariucci L. , Privitera V. , Magna A. La , Whelan S. , Mannino G.
Published: June 2017

Formation of ultra-shallow junctions by excimer laser annealing (ELA) of ultra-low energy (1keV –250 eV) B implanted in Si has been investigated. High resolution TEM has been used to assess the as-implanted damage and the crystal recovery following ELA. The electrical activation and redistribution of B in Si during ELA has been studied as a function of the laser energy density (melt depth), the implant dose and the number of laser pulses (melt duration). Under appropriate ELA conditions, ultra-shallow profiles, extending to a depth as low as 35 nm with an abrupt profile (2.5 nm/dec), have been achieved. A significant amount of the implanted dopant was lost from the sample following ELA. However, the dopant that was retained in crystal material was fully activated following rapid re-solidification. We developed a theoretical model, that considers the dopant redistribution during melting and regrowth, showing that the fraction of the implanted dopant not activated during ELA was lost from the sample through out diffusion. The lateral distribution of the implanted B following laser annealing has been studied with 2-D measurements, using selective etching and cross-section TEM on samples where the implanted dopant was confined by using test structures including windows opened in silicon dioxide masks and patterned gate stack structures.
A STUDY ON DNA FINGERPRINTING OF AREOLATED GROUPER (Epinephelus areolatus) USING RAPD ANALYSTS
Authors: Parenrengi Andi , Shamsudin Lokman , Lsmail Patimah , Amin Nakisah Mat
Published: June 2017

This study reports the application of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique in establishment of DNA fingerprinting of areolated grouper, Epinephelus areolatus, an economically tmportant fish species of the subfamily Epinephelinae (popularly known as grouper)
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PROTEIN LEVELS ON THE GROWTH AND FEED EFFICIENCY OF SILVER BARB (Barbodes gonionotus) IN FERTILIZED PONDS
Authors: Sunarno Mas Tri Djoko
Published: June 2017

This study proposed to establish a suitable protein level in feed formulation for silver barb in a semi-intensive pond.
Modulating Desires Through Devotion
Authors: Chilcott Travis
Published: June 2017

Among Indian religions, desires for the mundane are typically viewed as sources of suffering and impediments to liberation. To modulate these and other soteriological impediments, many traditions developed transformational paths of practice. One of the most prominent of these is the Gau??ya Vai??ava path of devotion, which celebrates K???a as the highest deity. The goal is not merely liberation, but to develop uninterrupted loving devotion for K???a. However, self-interested desires remain critical impediments. To overcome these desires and reach the goals of the path, early Gau??ya theologians recommended various practices of devotion. Drawing on scientific research on desire-modulation, I argue that many of these practices would be effective for modulating desires because of the ways in which they manipulate situation and stimulus controls, attention allocation, and processes of valuation. This analysis has implications for our understanding of the development of the Gau??ya path, the development and success of certain kinds of Hindu religious practices over time, and the power of religious practices more generally for modulating desires.
The Requirements for the Inclusion of Standard Terms in International Sales Contracts
Authors: Eiselen Sieg
Published: June 2017

The problem dealing with the inclusion of standard terms and conditions in contracts is a problem that has engaged most legal systems. The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, Vienna 1980 (CISG) does not expressly deal with this problem. Accordingly the solution to the issue must be found in an interpretation and application of the general principles found in articles 8, 14 and 18.  One of the main objects of the CISG is the harmonisation of international trade law. It is generally recognised that in order to achieve harmonisation it is necessary that courts should interpret and apply the convention in a consistent and harmonious manner. Unfortunately a number of approaches have emerged from courts around the world in regard to the inclusion of standard terms. German courts have developed a strict approach which requires that the standard terms be made available to the addressee at the time of the conclusion of the contract. They also require that the standard terms be couched in the language of the main contract. In stark contrast an American court has used an approach which is very lax in regard to incorporation, even allowing incorporation after the conclusion of the contract. There is, however a more moderate approach set out in decisions of the Austrian Supreme Court where the court adopted an approach which is more akin to that found in most legal systems, namely that a clear incorporation clause in the contract is sufficient for the effective incorporation of standard terms.  The author critically examines the case law, the various approaches and the underlying arguments on which they are based, before reaching the conclusion that the two extreme approaches should be rejected in favour of the more moderate approach. This approach is founded on a proper interpretation of the provisions of the CISG as well as being in step with international trade practice.
Korporatiewe Identiteit as Grondslag van die Strafregtelike Aanspreeklikheid van Regspersone (1): Teoretiese Grondbeginsels
Authors: Du Toit Pieter , Pienaar Gerrit
Published: June 2017

The different models for the criminal liability of juristic persons reveal a tension between individualist and realistic approaches.  For individualists a corporation is the product of a union of individuals.  This means that a juristic person can only be held criminally responsible if the conduct and fault of an individual involved in the entity are attributed to the juristic person. For realists a corporate entity has an existence independent of its individual members.  The juristic person is blameworthy because its corporate identity or corporate ethos encouraged the criminal conduct.  A study of organisational theory reveals that corporate crime may not necessarily be traced to the fault of specific individuals.  Corporate criminality often is the result of complex decisions on different levels of the corporate hierarchy and furthermore is encouraged by the manner in which the organisation is structured.  Prominent scholars such as the American philosopher Peter A French and the Australian Brent Fisse rejected an individualist approach and attempted to develop models of corporate fault based on the corporate identity idea.  The failure of a corporation to take preventative or corrective measures in reaction to corporate criminal conduct is regarded as the basis for corporate fault by these authors.  French calls this the "principle of responsive adjustment" whilst Fisse names it the concept of "reactive fault." A more sophisticated model (the "corporate ethos" model), which is also more reconcilable with the basic notions of criminal law, was developed by the American legal scholar Pamela Bucy.

 

*

 

 A corporation will be held criminally responsible if its corporate ethos has encouraged the criminal conduct.  The corporate ethos can be established with reference to numerous factors such as the corporate hierarchy, corporate goals, the existing monitoring and compliance systems and the question whether employees are rewarded or indemnified for inappropriate behavior.
Gender aspects of osteoporosis and their relationship to calcium balance
Authors: Fomina L A , Zyabreva I A
Published: June 2017

Aim. To evaluate the state of bone tissue in comparison with calcium balance, to clarify the risk for fracture development in women of different age groups. METHODS. 92 females aged 19 to 89 years were examined clinically with densitometry of lumbar spine and femoral neck and measuring the concentration of total calcium in the blood. RESULTS. In females younger than 50 years decreased bone density according to Z-score was revealed in 30% of cases, among patients with its normal values significant trend to bone rarefaction (-2.0 SD Z-score ≤-1.5 SD) was registered with the same rate. In the group of females older than 50 years osteopenia was revealed in 46.3% of cases and osteoporosis - in 42.7%, while more significant decrease in bone mineral density was found in the lumbar spine. Past medical history of fractures increased the rate of osteoporosis by 18%. In females older than 50 years compared to younger patients a significant increase of blood calcium concentration was revealed. Besides, statistically significant increase of its level was noted in cases of fractures in the past and osteoporosis. The revealed changes of bone tissue in females below 50 years of age are indicative of increased risk of osteoporosis development in the future. CONCLUSION. High prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia is revealed in the examined patients older than 50 years, and bone mineral density parameters were significantly inversely correlated with calcemia; hence, blood calcium level can be one of the criteria of bone tissue state and in combination with other risk factors for osteoporosis should be taken into account during periodic health examination of females older than 50 years.
Assessment of the state of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system in children with nephrotic form of glomerulonephritis
Authors: Beglyarov R O
Published: June 2017

Aim. Study of the activity of lipid peroxidation and state of antioxidant system in children with a nephrotic form of chronic glomerulonephritis.

Methods. 104 children with a nephrotic form of glomerulonephritis were examined. The average age of children was 10.18±4.03 years. 46.2% of children were in remission, 32.7% of children had 1st degree of activity, 14.4% had 2nd degree, and 6.7% had 3d degree of nephrotic syndrome. Control group included 30 children without chronic glomerulonephritis. The levels of diene conjugates, malonic dialdehyde, catalase, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in blood plasma and erythrocytes were determined.

Results. In children with chronic glomerulonephritis the concentration of diene conjugates and malonic dialdehyde was elevated in blood plasma and erythrocytes. In erythrocytes their concentration was statistically significantly higher at all degrees of activity of nephrotic syndrome than in control group. The level of catalase in patients’ blood plasma in comparison with the control value was reduced by 16.6%, in erythrocyte mass - by 25.9% (p
Structure of emergency outpatient adult visits in Naberezhnye Chelny
Authors: Iskandarov I R , Gil’manov A A
Published: June 2017

Aim. The study of the structure of emergency outpatient adult visits in Naberezhnye Chelny.

Methods. 2471 cases of primary outpatient visits for acute and chronic diseases of adult population of the city of Naberezhnye Chelny in 2011-2013 were analyzed. For statistical analysis of the data analysis of contingency tables with the assessment of statistical significance using Pearson criterion χ2 was used. The critical level of significance was set at p=0.05.

Results. In the studied population 48.4% of primary outpatient visits were made by males and 51.6% - by females. In the general structure of visits patients aged 50 to 59 years were prevalent. Up to a quarter of the emergency outpatients noted the beginning of the disease on the weekends and holidays. The percent of visits to the polyclinic on weekends or holidays was extremely low (3.0% in the general structure of visits), while the highest rates of emergency visits to the polyclinic by adults were observed during the first half of the week. The highest number of primary emergency visits to the polyclinic among both males and females was on Mondays (28.8%).

Conclusion. In the structure of visits made on Mondays and Tuesdays, the proportion of patients who became ill on weekends and holidays, amounted almost 30%.
Comparative analysis of children’s physical development in different age groups in Voronezh region 15 years apart (1997-1999 and 2011-2014)
Authors: Zhdanova O A
Published: June 2017

Aim. To investigate physical development of children in Voronezh region in different age groups in 2011-2014 in comparison with the regional studies data in 1997-1999.

Methods. The study was performed on 5644 children aged 1-18 years of health groups I and II in comparison with the data of 10 247 children aged 1-14 years examined in 1997-1999. Body height, weight and body mass index Z-scores, calculated using WHO AnthroPlus software, were evaluated.

Results. Children’s Z-score values for body height in 2011-2014 were higher than in 1997-1999 in all age groups and at the age of 1-9 years these values exceeded World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Girls’ height approached the standards in 10-14 and 15-18 years, and boys’ height - in 15-18 years. Body weight of children aged 2-8 years was higher than the regional data in 1997-1999 and WHO standards approaching them at the age of 9. Body mass index increase compared to WHO standards was revealed in children aged 1-4 years (p=0.000), and in 2011-2014 the reported differences were less prominent than in 1997-1999. In 2011-2014 among 15-18-years-old girls the shift of body mass index values to the lack of body weight was noted, in 1997-1999 the same changes were found out for 10-14-years-old girls.

Conclusion. In 2011-2014 specific attention was required to be paid to physical development of children at the age from 1 to 4 years due to overweight risk of and girls aged 15-18 years due to probable underweight risk.
An imported case of tropical malaria in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Authors: D’jachkovskaja P S , Slepcova S S
Published: June 2017

Clinical course of malaria depends on the type of a pathogen and immune status of the infected person. In the diagnosis the significant role is played by epidemiological anamnesis. Tropical malaria is characterized by severe course with high mortality, therefore its timely detection is of primary importance for favorable outcome. Absence of clinical suspicion of malaria due to fairly rare occurrence of the disease in the region may contribute to late detection and development of severe life threatening forms of the disease. In Russia predominantly malaria cases imported from endemic areas are registered. In the republic of Sakha (Yakutia) malaria occurs sporadically. In this publication description of a severe form of imported (from Dominican Republic) tropical malaria case is given.
Consumos de apariencia en la Castilla moderna
Authors: Bartolomé Bartolomé Juan Manuel , García Fernández Máximo
Published: June 2017

Los estudios sobre el consumo han evolucionado desde unos planteamientos
iniciales más económicos (De Vries, 2009; Torras, 1999; Maruri, 2003) a otros de
orientación eminentemente social y de civilización (Ago, 2006; Muñoz, 2011;
Bartolomé, 2012; García, 2013; Pérez-García, 2013), poniendo el acento en los enseres
e indumentarias demandadas y en la dinámica de las cantidades consumidas, pero
también en el quién, cómo y dónde se consumían, aspectos todos ellos claves para
poder aproximarnos a la reconstrucción de las identidades culturales tejidas en la
Europa Occidental durante la Edad Moderna. De la fábrica, la feria y la tienda, al
mostrador, el escaparate y la revista de modas, en suma. Así, en la actualidad, lo que
interesa son las líneas de investigación que podemos denominar visiones horizontales
del consumo; es decir, la adopción por parte de diferentes familias o grupos de
individuos, hasta en espacios planetarios muy alejados, de diversas prácticas
consumistas o una demanda contrastada de productos originarios de otras latitudes más
o menos conectadas. Partiendo de esa idea motriz, y sin olvidar tales objetivos,
tratamos de seguir analizando dicho proceso desde miradas comparadas más próximas
y cercanas al interior castellano urbano.
Vestir los cuartos y el cuerpo en el clero regular masculino. Los canónigos de San Isidoro de León (1700.1825) = Room furnishings, robes and jewellery of regular male clergy: the canons of San Isidoro León (1700-1825)
Authors: Bartolomé Bartolomé Juan Manuel
Published: June 2017

En el artículo, el objetivo principal es estudiar los bienes y principalmente las condiciones de vida que tienen los canónigos y religiosos de la Real Colegiata de San Isidoro de león, a través del análisis de los textiles que hay en sus cuartos ( ropa de cama y casa) y la ropa y ahajas destinadas a la vestimenta personal. De
este modo, se trata de ver las diferencias entre los canónigos, en relación o no con el cargo, y la llegada de nuevas prendas y fibras textiles. Por lo tanto, es un estudio centrado en las condiciones de vida y las pautas de consumo. Para conseguir los objetivos planteados contamos como principal fuente de
información con los inventarios postmortem de los canónigos y religiosos de la Real Colegiata de San Isidoro de león, efectuados a lo largo del siglo XVIII y los veinticinco primeros años del siglo XIX.

Abstract

The main objective of this article is to study the goods and living conditions of the canons and religious of the Royal Collegiate Church of San Isidoro de León, analyzing as much their bedding and household linens as their clothes and jewelry. Thus, we have tried to see firstly the differences among the Canons according
to their status and secondly the arrival of new garments and textiles. Therefore, this research focuses on living conditions and consumption patterns. In order to achieve these goals, we have used, as the main source of information, postmortem inventories of the canons and religious made throughout the eighteenth
century and the first quarter of the nineteenth century in the Collegiate mentioned above.
La decisiva participación de los 6º y 7º ejércitos españoles en el triunfo aliado en las campañas de 1811 y 1812 durante la Guerra de la Independencia
Authors: García Fuertes Arsenio
Published: June 2017

Arsenio GARCÍA FUERTES
Director: Dr. Francisco Carantoña Álvarez
Tesis doctoral defendida el 15 de enero de 2016

La minusvaloración del peso militar de España en la victoria final aliada contra el imperialismo napoleónico,
contribuyó decisivamente a su debilidad política en el contexto de la victoria aliada en 1814 y 1815, a su postergación en los acuerdos de paz (culminados en el Congreso de Viena) y, en parte, e indirectamente, al inicio de su aislamiento de Europa durante el
siglo XIX. Por ello, esta obra ha pretendido recuperar para la historia, el esfuerzo decisivo militar español en el inicio de la derrota de la aventura napoleónica en Europa en 1812. Y en estos hechos, hay que dar a conocer y reseñar la actuación abnegada, constante y
victoriosa de los 6º y 7º ejércitos españoles en el noroeste de la Península Ibérica entre 1810 y 1813.
Side effect profile of hepatitis C treatment with peginterferon alpha-2b and ribavarin
Authors: Mubashir Syed , Gul Irfan , Rasool Abid , Gul Shujat , Gulzar G. M. , Wani Muzamil Ahmad
Published: June 2017

Background: The major types of side effects include fatigue, influenza-like symptoms, gastrointestinal disturbances, neuropsychiatric symptoms and hematologic abnormalities. These side effects may be treatment limiting and require dose reduction or drug discontinuation objectives of the study was to assess the side effect profile of hepatitis C treatment (peginterferon alpha-2b and ribavarin) in Kashmiri patients attending the Department of Gastroenterology skims.Methods: In this study, all consecutive patients of hepatitis C infection on peginterfron and ribavarin treatment were enrolled after written consent. The patients underwent intervention treatment taking pegylated interferon α-2b (Viraferon, Schering Plough Corp., Kenilworth, NJ) and ribavirin in accordance with the standard protocol. Patients were monitored through weekly referrals while taking the medications. A detailed history was taken and complete physical examination done each time the patient presented to the hospital necessary blood sampling was taken.Results: During the study period of 2 years,105 Patients were enrolled 55 (52.4%) were males with a male:female ratio of 1.1:1.0. and mean age 37.6 years with a range of 13-75 years 7 patients (6.6) had a history of needle pricks, 4 patients (2.2%) of sharing same razors at barber’s shop. 4 (3.8%) patients of drug abuse; out of which 3 (2.8%) were intravenous drug abusers, Anemia occurred in 17 (16.2%) patients with requirement of dose modification w in 11 (10.4%) patients and dose stoppage in 1 (0.95%) patient in whom Hb dropped to less than 7, thrombocytopenia occurred in 27 (25.7%) patients with requirement of dose modification in 13 (12.3%) patients and dose stoppage in 1 (0.95%) patients due to platelet count decreasing to less than 30,000. Neutropenia as defined by ANC less than 1500 occurred in 22 (20.9%) patients.Conclusions: Dose modification was required in 48 (45.7%) patients, 30 (28.5%) patients required dose modifications due to labortory abnormalities and 18 (17.1%) due to other side effects. In 8 (7.6%) patients dose was discontinued due to adverse events (including psychosis in 1, severe flu like symptoms in 3, dermatitis in 1, depression in 3).
Profil de la polyarthrite rhumatoïde en consultation rhumatologique à Lomé (Togo)
Authors: K. Kakpovi , V. Koffi-Tessio , P. Houzou , E. Fianyo , M. Kolou , M.I Kuéviakoé , E. Padaro , K. Tagbor , O. Oniankitan , M. Mijiyawa
Published: June 2017

Objective: To determine epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic aspects and outcomes of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in rheumatologic consultation at lome (Togo). Patients and method: This was retrospective study carried out from 1 stJanuary 1990 to 31 stDecember 2015 in the rheumatology department. The study included all patients suffered from RA in rheumatologic consultations and who fulfilled the 2010 ACR and EULAR’s criteria. Results: Ninety two (77 women and 15 men) out of 25.992 patients (0.3%) examined in 25 years had suffered from RA. The mean age at admission was 42 years (range: 17-82 years). The median duration of the diseases was four years (range: 14days – 20 days). The diseases onset was polyarticular with 86% of the patients and oligoarticular with the thirteen others (14%). The proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints are involved in 81,5 % of cases; and the wrists in 77,2% of cases. The rheumatoid hip was observed in four patients. Forty-two of the patients (45,6%) presented RA deformities. Bilateral MCP and IPP joint early erosion was observed in 36 patients (39,1%) and bilateral carpal diffuse osteoporosis in 44 patients (47,8%). The ankylosis of the carpal bones was observed in 26 patients (28,2 %). Rheumatoid factor was positive in 44% of patients. Methotrexate was the most commonly disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs used in 44,4% of the patients. The disease was improved in 89% of patients. Conclusion: Rheumatoid arthritis seems relatively rare in Togo. It’s diagnosis is often made at the established phase and methotrexate remains the cornerstone of the treatment.
Analysis of Data for Diabetics Patient
Authors: Koli Korobi Saha , Waheed Sajjad
Published: June 2017

Diabetes, a disease responsible for different kinds of diseases such as heart attack, kidney disease, blindness and renal failure etc. The most common disorder is the endocrine (hormone) system, occurs when blood sugar levels in the body consistently stay above normal. There are two types of diabetic; one is body's inability to make insulin and another is body not responding to the effects of insulin. In our developing country Bangladesh, Diabetes is a costly disease whose risk is increasing at alarming rate. This paper evaluates the selected classification algorithms for the classification of some Diabetes patient datasets. Classification algorithms considered here are Naive Bayes classification (NBC), Bagging algorithm, KStar algorithm, Logistic algorithm and Hoeffding tree. These algorithms are evaluated based on four criteria: Accuracy, Precision, Sensitivity and Specificity. Collected datasets of diabetes affected people are firstly preprocessed then some investigation based on mentioned algorithm has been executed successfully. From the investigation result it is found that, KStar algorithm is the best as it gives high accuracy with the low error. Here it is said that, some parameters are responsible for diabetes.
Effect of Methyltrienolone on the Metabolic Disorders in Rat Model of Alloxan-Induced Diabetes
Authors: MBiol Neli Didebulidze , Kandelaki Sopiko , Kakabadze Manana , Kordzaia Salome , Kordzaia Dimitri , Relat Jordi Muntané , Padillo Javier
Published: June 2017

Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the restoration of metabolic imbalance related with deficiency of insulin by the exogenous androgen supplementation in the experimental model of alloxan-induced diabetes in Wistar male rats. Methods: The experimental diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal administration of alloxan. The concentrations of glucose, immunereactive insulin, corticosterone, testosterone and estradiol were examined in blood, the intensity of DNA and RNA synthesis and androgen receptor expression were studied in the liver tissue – at 15th, 30th and 45th days of alloxan-induced diabetes. The synthetic androgen methyltrienolone was administered to rats with 30-days diabetes during 15 days. All data were compared to control group received solvent. Results: The induction of diabetes increased the concentrations of glucose, corticosterone and estradiol while decreases insulin and testosterone concentration in blood as well as DNA/RNA synthesis and androgen receptors expression in hepatocytes. The administration of exogenous androgen significantly restored the metabolic imbalance and the expression of androgen receptors and increased DNA/RNA synthesis in liver cells maintained close to control level. Conclusion: The administration of methyltrienolone reduced the effect of “diabetic stress” and restored the hormonal dysfunction induced by alloxan.