bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Erfahrung und Vorurteil im naturwissenschaftlichen Denken Johannes Keplers
Authors: Krafft Fritz
Published: October 2006

The change from ancient and medieval to modern natural science, called Wende (instead of ‘revolution’), must be associated with the work of Johannes Kepler and not that of Nicolaus Copernicus. Copernicus merely showed the way, introducing heliocentricity as the order of the planets. This Wende resulted from the synthesis of several disciplines formerly isolated from each other, namely mathematical (i.e. hypothetical) astronomy, new physics, mathematical harmony, astrology, new physical optics, and natural theology. Whereas Copernicus united mathematical astronomy and peripatetic (Aristotelian) physics, Kepler was first to see the necessity for providing a physical explanation and an ontological foundation to the heliocentric system. He was the first to consider and measure the movement of the planets in depth. The elements for his new physics Kepler obtained not from newly observed data, but from a harmonic archetypus of the regular polyhedra fitted in between excentric planetary spheres. On the basis of this archetypus (which he considered to be God's model in creating the universe) he accepted the new heliocentric planetary system as a physical reality. That is why astronomy, by way of taking into account stereometric quantities, is, in Kepler's eyes, a kind of divine worship. Later, the best empirical data had also to be taken into consideration as a means of proving this a priori archetypus (Vorurteil, preconception).

The result was, on the one hand, a universal natural science able to explain natural processes in grater abundance than ever before or since in the history of science. Although accepted only in parts, it resulted in founding a new natural science with adherent mathematical and empirical methods. It also led Kepler to establish, step by step, the elliptical path of the planets, thereby overcoming, for the first time, the two axioms of ancient astronomy, requiring uniform and circular planetary motion.

It has been shown that this Keplerian Wende was possible only within the Historischen Erfahrungsraum (‘historical field of experience’) of Renaissance Humanism (cf. this Journal 9/1986, p. 201), which came about itself as the result of reactivating the scientific and philosophical thinking of the ancient Greeks and was accomplished by three steps (phases) relating to the revival of (1) original ancient writings, (2) the ancient knowledge of natural facts and data, and (3) the ancient scientific and philosophical ideas and mentalities (Drei‐Phasen‐Modell).
Tuition and the open door
Authors: Wattenbarger James I. , Schafer Suzan , Zucker Jacob D.
Published: October 2006

The trend toward increased tuition must be reversed if the community colleges are to fulfill their promise as open‐door institutions.
The untapped source of revenue
Authors: Stout Fern D.
Published: October 2006

By looking for ways to appeal to private sources of funds, the college can improve both its programs and its community image.
Further information and assistance
Authors: Purdy Leslie
Published: October 2006

Additional sources of information on the financial situation in community‐junior colleges supplied by the ERIC Clearinghouse for Junior Colleges.
The eops story in california
Authors: Macmillan Thomas F.
Published: October 2006

California has responded to the needs of disadvantaged young people with new community college programs and services that raise critical problems of evaluation.
The adult student
Authors: Buipitt Miidred
Published: October 2006

Adult students in the community college are vividly characterized, together with the adjustments community colleges will have to make in order to cope with this increasing segment of the student body.
The vietnam era veteran
Authors: Betts Lee John
Published: October 2006

Veterans' needs for special assistance point to a series of guidelines for developing a veterans' program on the community college campus.
Further information and assistance
Authors: Boyer Marcia , Purdy Leslie , Desser Shirley
Published: October 2006

Additional resources on students in two‐year colleges, supplied by the ERIC Clearinghouse for Junior Colleges.
The untried model of the urban community college
Authors: Grede John F.
Published: October 2006

Specialization, rather than comprehensiveness, may be the best means for the urban community college to fulfill the needs of students and society.
The core is not the part you throw away: Allied health education
Authors: Klopfenstein Thomas D.
Published: October 2006

Establishing a standard core of material as a basis for all later specialization permits students to acquire necessary skills without prematurely declaring a specialty; this option is particularly necessary in the costly health related fields.
Marine technology: Diversity and flexibility
Authors: Buck Dale R.
Published: October 2006

Training for a specific field must reflect the diversity of that field and also remain flexible enough to accommodate fluctuations in the job market and the field, as marine technology illustrates.
Engineering technology education in the 1970s
Authors: Dobrovolny Jerry S.
Published: October 2006

Specific programs to meet the increasing demands for engineering technicians during the 1970s can be particularly well implemented by community colleges.
Assisting significant others to appreciate technical/vocational education in community colleges
Authors: Farmer James A.
Published: October 2006

A process has been developed for clarifying lines of communication among administrators at all levels to facilitate attainment of goals in technical/vocational education.
Reflections of a cosmic apple juice drinker
Authors: Harris Norman C.
Published: October 2006

Harris presents a summary of trends and stresses the need for quality, excellence, and standards of attainment.
Further information and assistance
Authors: Frankel Joanne
Published: October 2006

Additional sources of information on planning for updating occupational education are provided.
The open curriculum: Flexibility for better learning
Authors: Ackourey Ann
Published: October 2006

An outline in general terms of the kind of institutional framework and attitudes necessary to stimulate changes in instruction.
Using literature in freshman composition
Authors: Carnicelli Thomas A.
Published: October 2006

An exploration in some depth of effective ways to bring reluctant students (and teachers) to a practical and relevant use of literature.
How to know what to self‐renew
Authors: McInnis Noel
Published: October 2006

The philosophy‐and some methods‐of positive reinforcement in student and faculty evaluation.
New mandate for coordination
Authors: Gleazer Edmund J.
Published: October 2006

A look toward the past and the future, highlighting the community colleges' links with both secondary and postsecondary education, as well as other community agencies.
Integrating the strengths of private, public, and proprietary institutions
Authors: Millard Richard M.
Published: October 2006

The formerly independent parts of postsecondary education must work together, with the help of state planning and coordination, to build an effective, pluralistic system.
Second‐class education at the community college
Authors: Zwerling I. Steven
Published: October 2006

The history of the two‐year college shows how it developed in response to society's desire to maintain the class structure.
From class to mass learning: Sources and information
Authors: Bloom Janet , Boyer Marcia , Purdy Leslie
Published: October 2006

Additional resources on community colleges as mass higher education institutions, supplied by the ERIC Clearinghouse for Junior Colleges.
The platonic dilemma
Authors: Ebersole Jay F. , Hargis W. Douglas
Published: October 2006

The problem of relating traditional higher education to new students is illustrated by the policy dilemmas facing community colleges.
Counseling and the emerging model of student development
Authors: O'Banion Terry
Published: October 2006

Preparing community college professionals who understand the new students will do much to ensure their full education.
The reality of student finances
Authors: Simmons Howard I. , Blocker Clyde E.
Published: October 2006

Improvements in financial aid require distribution of available resources on the basis of the characteristics of students to be served.
The problems of minorities
Authors: Johnson Alfreda A. , Turner Richard M.
Published: October 2006

Many minority students have a special need for student services in order to relate to the educational activities of community colleges.
Directions in governance
Authors: Miller Richard I.
Published: October 2006

Current changes in governmental structure and the distribution of power raise questions about the delivery of student services in the future.
Real‐life activities
Authors: Morgan Don A.
Published: October 2006

A broader definition of student activities and more effective interaction between community and campus are urgently required if student activity programs are to be relevant to most students.
Student services‐the future?
Authors: Blocker Clyde E.
Published: October 2006

Challenges for meeting student needs and solving unresolved issues in student preservice can be met in new and imaginative ways.
KOCE talks with the community
Authors: Brightman Richard W.
Published: October 2006

How a public television station, in cooperation with two community colleges, can serve various target populations.
New partners, old problems
Authors: Anderson Duane D.
Published: October 2006

Are students, faculty, administrators, and trustees ready to use collective bargaining as a healthy process for improving decision making procedures? Can the concept of the psychological contract be a bridge between new and old forms of authority relations? An Iowa answer is affirmative.
What's past is prologue
Authors: Hankin Joseph N.
Published: October 2006

The choice of bargaining agent assumes less significance as the platforms of the agents become more alike.
Trustees at the bargaining table
Authors: Mathews Fred I.
Published: October 2006

Boards of trustees are losing at the bargaining table. Public control of public education is in jeopardy. Trustees must awaken to their role before it is too late.
Role of the chief executive officer
Authors: Murton Curtis S.
Published: October 2006

The president's role in the bargaining process may necessitate changes in expectations held by institutional leaders.
The dean's participation: Necessity or lunacy?
Authors: Steiner Stuart
Published: October 2006

The chief academic officer who becomes involved in the bargaining process should be fully aware of both the risks and benefits of such activity.
Has the college organization kept pace?
Authors: Burroni Jerry
Published: October 2006

The development of collaborative and adversarial modes is given an historical context.
„The president”︁ was a committee
Authors: Corcoran George C.
Published: October 2006

For nearly four years, the Seattle Community College District was directed by a committee, rather than by one chief executive officer. Was the experiment a success or a failure? Even more important, what are its lessons?
California perspective 1975
Authors: Brossman Sidney W.
Published: October 2006

To gain needed statewide data, the chancellor's office of the California Community Colleges system developed an instrument to gather information from all campuses annually.
The special client
Authors: Clark Johnnie Ruth
Published: October 2006

To reach special target groups the college must create procedures for recruitment, provide counseling and guidance, design appropriate academic activities, and develop staff.
Community problem‐soIving
Authors: Talbott Linda Hood
Published: October 2006

Educational accountability requires that community colleges engaged in community problem‐solving not only deliver what they promise but evaluate what they deliver.
Intervention by the community
Authors: Alfred Richard I.
Published: October 2006

Moving in the direction of community‐based institutions will involve revolutionized management system, new legislation on all levels, the demise of traditional organizational structure, and a redistribution of resources.
Defining the issues
Authors: Holcomb Hope M.
Published: October 2006

An overview of the five basic problems: finance, growth limits, management, academic standards, and the role of community services instructors.
Sources and information
Authors: Rinnander Elizabeth
Published: October 2006

Resources for further information and assistance, from the files of the ERIC Clearinghouse for Junior Colleges.
Responsibilities
Authors: Potter George E.
Published: October 2006

An effective board has at least eleven tasks, from selecting the president to constructing buildings and evaluating institutional performance.
Changing roles
Authors: Doser Beatrice
Published: October 2006

Today's trustee must be informed on local, state, and national issues related to his institution and be prepared to work actively on its behalf.
A hard look at finance
Authors: Mathews Fred L.
Published: October 2006

The basic methods for bringing financial stability out of chaos.
Governance relationships and tasks
Authors: Seifert Donald A.
Published: October 2006

The role of the chairman and his special relationship with the president are discussed, as well as recommendations for handling public criticism and the media.
The enrollment crisis in California
Authors: Wharton Mildred H.
Published: October 2006

A look at the pinch caused by an increasing demand for services and decreasing resources, with emphasis on the experience of West Valley Community College in Saratoga.
School‐to‐work transition in China
Authors: Hawkins John N.
Published: October 2006

Techniques of the People's Republic of China in bridging education and work involve integrating the curriculum with society at large.
A dean's experience with instructional change
Authors: Stallings Dan N.
Published: October 2006

A dean of a small but highly innovative college recounts some of his experiences.
A trustee's role in changing instruction malcolm pennypacker
Authors: Hammons James O.
Published: October 2006

The chairman of the board of trustees of one of the nation's most innovative community colleges shares his perception of instructional change.
Evaluating student readiness for further education Clifford
Authors: Lunneborg E.
Published: October 2006

A model of student learning consisting of five important elements can be applied to decisions in admissions, selection, placement, further education, and changes in programs.
Assessing student educational and occupational progress
Authors: Shea Brent Mack
Published: October 2006

Community college students may have unanticipated advantages during the coming decade, even though earning a two‐year rather than a four‐year degree tends to limit their potential for social mobility.
Concluding comments
Authors: Baird Leonard I.
Published: October 2006

Generalizations are made about assessing student propess in commmity colleges on the basis of the previous analyses.
The continuing education of administrators
Authors: Dehart A. Robert
Published: October 2006

Management development activities must be guided by an inservice management development program if individual and college goals are to be realized.
Professional development in Canadian colleges: A national perspective
Authors: Campbell Gordon
Published: October 2006

The diversity from province to province of Canada's two‐year colleges presents unique staff development problems. A national forum to share ideas and resources is proposed.
Discipline organizations: Their role in staff development
Authors: Glynn James A. , Goodwin Gregory L.
Published: October 2006

Academic discipline Organizations are making new efforts to assist teaching and staff development. The comvunity colleges have need for such services, but there are a variety of obstacles to overcome.
Evaluating staff development programs
Authors: Smith Albert B.
Published: October 2006

Models and guidelines are proposed to assist staff development specialists in their evaluations.
Sources and information: Developing staff potential
Authors: Alvarado Andrew , Rinnander Elizabeth
Published: October 2006

Materials for further assistance, from the ERIC Clearinghouse for Junior Colleges.
Planning PR for a community‐based program
Authors: Keim William A.
Published: October 2006

Specific steps need to be taken with the community in marketing community‐based community college programs.
Tapping the „free”︁ TV and radio market
Authors: Richmond James M.
Published: October 2006

Colleges can promote their educational mission and programs through free public service coverage on radio and television.
Planning: How to get there
Authors: Tadlock Max
Published: October 2006

A step‐by‐step approach can avoid potential problems in moving to ward community‐based operations.
Delivery systems: Meeting the multiple needs of diversified clientele
Authors: Field Hyman H.
Published: October 2006

Selecting the medium for transmitting information is as important as selecting the information itself.
Performance‐oriented learning: How to do it
Authors: Harlacher Ervin I. , Hencey Robert E.
Published: October 2006

Performance‐oriented learning, an integral part of community‐based education, has significance for students in traditional colleges as well.
Funding community‐based education: Who pays?
Authors: Hollingsworth Gary D.
Published: October 2006

The community college that develops support in its community for community‐based programs can benefit educationally as well as financially from these ties.
Sources and information: Planning community‐based education
Authors: Hill Andrew
Published: October 2006

Additional resources on community‐based education porn the ERIC Clearinghouse for Junior Colleges at UCLA.
The dilemma of reduced resources: Action or reaction
Authors: Wattenbarger James I.
Published: October 2006

By developing alternative options for accomplishing its mission and examining the cost effectiveness of these alternatives, decision‐makers can act efficiently rather than reacting frantically to budget crises.
Conclusions about coping with reduced resources
Authors: Alfred Richard I.
Published: October 2006

Community colleges need both effective leadership and effective management if they are to cope successfully with reduced resources: the absence of one can seriously hamper the development of the other.
State vs. local control: Reality and myth over concern for local autonomy
Authors: Mundt John C.
Published: October 2006

What is really underway in American higher education education is not an inexorable shift of local to state control but rather the development of a new and complex decision‐making process resting on the interaction of various public sector interests.
Local control of community colleges: Still operating in Pennsylvania
Authors: Shoemaker Elwood A.
Published: October 2006

The real question in Pennsylvania today is not the locus of control of community colleges but rather the responsibility for funding.
A valencian phoenix: New life for humanities
Authors: Schlegel J. Louis
Published: October 2006

On helping humanities programs rise from the ashes.
Independent human studies
Authors: Kaplan Suzanne , Wilson Gordon
Published: October 2006

An academic alternative that is interdisciplinary and independent and also offers faculty guidance and group interaction; wherever you want to go, you can get there from here.
Environments for learning
Authors: Ludwig I. Mark
Published: October 2006

The most effective Instructional system provides environments that accommodate learners' cognitive styles, academic deficiencies, and cultural backgrounds.
Faculty opinions about student evaluation
Authors: Bers Trudy Haffron , Olson Mary
Published: October 2006

Student evaluation can help improve instructional quality.
International education, the college, and the community: A framework for action
Authors: Martorana S. V. , Shannon William G.
Published: October 2006

Careful and strategic planning is needed if international education programs are to become integrated into the essence of the colleges and the local communities they serve.
Internationalizing the college curriculum
Authors: Grant Sydney R.
Published: October 2006

Examining successful strategies for internationalizing the curriculum allows those interested in developing their own programs to benefit from the experiences of others.
Teaching English as a second language
Authors: Robertson Piedad F. , Rogers John H.
Published: October 2006

If the open door admission policy of community colleges is to really open doors to higher education, the colleges must provide the instruction necessary for students to develop proficiency in English.
Emeritus college: Learning from here to eternity
Authors: Sharon Jared B.
Published: October 2006

How to set up a college‐within‐a‐college designed for and directed by older adults.
Gerontology: The center‐based approach
Authors: Bellis James M. , Poole Lawrence H.
Published: October 2006

The first steps toward building a center to serve an elderly population.
Reentry education revisited: Theory and practice
Authors: Lockhart Virginia
Published: October 2006

The reentry education concept requires visionary planning based on student assessment and proper evaluation.
Directions for the future
Authors: Walsh Patricia Ann
Published: October 2006

A summary of what community colleges can do for special populations.
Sources and information on planning and management of resources
Authors: Cacciola Roseann M.
Published: October 2006

Further resources from the ERIC Clearinghouse for Junior Colleges can help readers sample innovative ideas for the more effective management of resources in the future.
Who is the lifelong learner?
Authors: Gordon Sheila , Kappner Augusta Souza
Published: October 2006

The “lifelong learner” is a category of students full of contradictions, strengths, and weaknesses, bringing challenges and opportunities to community colleges.
Counseling for development
Authors: Eisele G. Richard
Published: October 2006

A developmental counseling program can make the difference between success and failure as reentry adults, making important changes and decisions, test their ability to achieve.
Options for lifelong learners: The external degree
Authors: Cowperthwaite Gordon
Published: October 2006

A look at some of the factors that question whether the traditional methods of “dispensing” higher education offer the best formats for learning.
Lifelong education: The critical policy questions
Authors: Gilder Jamison
Published: October 2006

State and federal Laws and administrative regulations, funding formulas, and cooperative policies for colleges, communities, business, and industry must be revised in order to advance lifelong learning.
On transforming a traditional college
Authors: Heermann Barry
Published: October 2006

Is your college up to redefining its roles in serving lifelong learners? Six key indexes to institutional transformations are explored.
Increasing opportunities for lifelong learning
Authors: Friedlander Jack
Published: October 2006

This chapter presents a review of documents in the ERIC system which describe programs making lifelong learning opportunities available to the public.
Making “what's‐his‐face” feel at home: Integrating part‐time faculty
Authors: Greenwood Richard D.
Published: October 2006

Part‐time instructors now teach a large proportion of college classes; it's time they become full‐fledged faculty members.
Observations of an adjunct faculty member
Authors: Beman Richard R.
Published: October 2006

There are two sides to the adjunct faculty story. An adjunct tells his experiences.
Teaching ethical decision making
Authors: Creager Joan C.
Published: October 2006

Concern about the ethical implications of science and the availability of methods for ethical decision making compel science teachers to teach ethical decision making.
Sources and information: Teaching the sciences
Authors: Sillman Donna
Published: October 2006

Resources for further information on teaching the sciences in two‐year colleges.
Critics of the community college: An overview
Authors: Vaughan George B.
Published: October 2006

Criticism of the community college has come primarily from universities. The result has been a body of literature that is detached, well researched, and of value to the community college movement.
The community college mission and patterns of funding
Authors: Breneman David W. , Nelson Susan C.
Published: October 2006

Financing in community colleges is analyzed from an economic perspective, but the authors conclude that developing a set of educational priorities for the 1980s is the first step schools must take.
Occupational education in community colleges for the 1980s
Authors: Davenport Lawrence F.
Published: October 2006

Increasingly, community colleges are being viewed as vehicles to solve some of the nation's most pressing problems in occupational education. Community colleges will be faced with difficult decisions about their commitment to occupational education and their roles in an uncertain decade.
The marriage of the humanities and the trades
Authors: Koehnline William A.
Published: October 2006

Is there a place for the liberal arts in occupational education? One president says there is.
Imaginative programs—A military/civilian partnership
Authors: Testerman Douglas E.
Published: October 2006

The Community College of the Air Force has developed approximately ninety AAS degree programs (wing Air Force technical training as the foundation) that can be shared with many components of American society.
Financial decision making in a period of retrenchment
Authors: Stevenson Mike R. , Walleri R. Dan
Published: October 2006

Nine guidelines are provided for developing an effective environment for dealing with financial decision making in a period of retrenchment.
Sources and information: Research and planning
Authors: Dzierlenga Donna
Published: October 2006

Further resources from the ERIC system can provide additional information about issues regarding decision making.
Marketing and the printed media: Getting the promotional job done
Authors: Smith Barbara A. W.
Published: October 2006

Here is a primer for using the perinted media in advancing your institutional marketing plan.
Marketing the afternoon program
Authors: Cohen Wallace F. , Atherton Jeanne
Published: October 2006

Marketing an afternoon program in San Diego proves successful.
Marketing and its effects on student development activities
Authors: Creamer Don G. , Akins E. G.
Published: October 2006

Marketing is defined as a systematic game that may provide student development specialists an opportunity to anticipate and respond to the changing needs and interests of the community and its student population.
Sources and information: Marketing the community college
Authors: Dzierlenga Donna
Published: October 2006

Further information about marketing is supplied by documents in the ERIC system.
The Decline of the transfer function: Threats or challenges?
Authors: Kissler Gerald R.
Published: October 2006

Steps need to be taken to improve communication and the articulation and tranger function in a spirit of cooperation. Viewing this as a threat can only lead to defensiveness and costly delays. Recognizing the challenge can help preserve and enhance the articulation and transfer function.
Prescriptive specialized accreditation: Implications for urban community colleges
Authors: Bonnell Allen T.
Published: October 2006

Highly prescriptive policies, procedures, and standards imposed on baccalaureate institutions by specialized agencies have made it increasingly difficult for community college students to transfer to four‐year colleges without loss of credit, time, and money. Most adversely affected are nontraditional urban community college students, especially minorities and women.
“General education in action”: Revisited after thirty years
Authors: Johnson B. Lamar
Published: October 2006

“It is interesting that the issues you were addressing at that time [in General Education in Action, published in 1952] are so relevant and timely today” (Goodlad, 1981).
Community General Education
Authors: Harlacher Ervin L.
Published: October 2006

Citizens of all ages, backgrounds, needs, interests, and socioeconomic circumstances are enrolling in classes—both credit and noncredit — that are offered on campus, at home, on the job, and at community schools, shopping centers and libraries.
Obstacles to General Education
Authors: O'banion Terry , Shaw Ruth G.
Published: October 2006

The list of obstacles to general education is lengthy and complex. In the face of such obstacles, is there hope for the revitalization of general education?
Getting started: Straightforward advice
Authors: Lukenbill Jeffrey D. , McCabe Robert H.
Published: October 2006

Launching a new general education program requires careful planning, extensive faculy involvement, and administrative support.
Staff Selection and Certification Issues
Authors: Blee Myron R.
Published: October 2006

Staff evaluation is in vain unless it contributes to the attainment of the mission of the college.
Sources and Information: Faculty and Administrator Evaluation
Authors: Palmer Jim
Published: October 2006

Material abstracted from additions to the ERIC system provides further information on faculty and staff evaluation.
Increasing Student Participation in The Liberal Arts
Authors: Friedlander Jack
Published: October 2006

What reasons do community college students give for enrolling or not enrolling in various liberal arts courses? What steps can educators take to increase student participation in the liberal arts? Recent research pertaining to these questions will be reviewed in this chapter.
National Efforts to Strengthen the Humanities
Authors: Yarrington Roger , Howard Judith Jeffrey
Published: October 2006

There is broad consensus among educators and employers that employees need not only job skills but also the ability to read and write well, to relate well to other employees, to see the immediate job in context, and to understand the human enterprise.
Sources and information: Advancing the liberal arts and humanities
Authors: Palmer Jim
Published: October 2006

Additional references on the liberal arts from the ERIC Clearinghouse on Junior Colleges.
Team Roles for Counselors: Creating Synergism
Authors: Dassance Charles R. , Tulloch Jacquelyn B.
Published: October 2006

Funding reductions, along with increased enrollments, make alliances between counselors and others critical. Complex problems can be solved by teams achieving synergism, as illustrated by the successful preadmissions assessment effort described.
Organizational alternatives for the future of student development
Authors: Young Robert B.
Published: October 2006

In response to social chamge and budget reduction, community college counseling programs will inevitably change. Full implementation of student development concepts will involve integrated organisations that foster human growth.
Determining priorities for adult education: An example of statewide needs assessment
Authors: Moore Dan E.
Published: October 2006

Even when concentrating on local community‐organized group interests in and need for educational services, educators need to know the larger social and economic context.
The Microcomputer Revolution and its Impact on Community Colleges
Authors: Dellow Donald A. , Poole Lawrence H.
Published: October 2006

Community college faculty and administrators need to assess how microcomputer technology will affect traditional instructional roles, values, and activities.
A microcomputer‐based computer science program
Authors: Compeau Larry D.
Published: October 2006

Can a high‐quality two‐year program in computer science be supported exclusively by microcomputers? This chapter examines the microcomputer as an alternative to the time‐sharing computer.
The Use of Microcomputers in the Continuing Education of Community and Professional Constituencies
Authors: Garmon James E.
Published: October 2006

Microcomputers may be the essential link that enables education and business and industry to develop cooperative training programs at the job site that integrates training with work assignments.
Components of successful training programs
Authors: Kaplan Dorothy J.
Published: October 2006

Specific practices that help to ensure an institution's success in industrial training are described.
Governance and the shifting role of the board of trustees
Authors: Gleazer Edmund J.
Published: October 2006

The role of trustees becomes more prominent in the governance of colleges as issues become more complex and as the trustees themselves experience problems in qualifying for their enhanced responsibilities.
Reaffirming some basic principles in purchasing and maintenance
Authors: Throop Harold L.
Published: October 2006

Cost‐effective programs can be developed during difficult economic times if the basic elements of purchasing and maintenance programs can be agreed upon by the college.
Institutional research: A critical component of sound financial planning
Authors: Blong John T. , Purga Adelbert J.
Published: October 2006

The key to efficient and effective use of limited resources is environmental scanning coupled with sound program planning.
Emerging issues in public policy and financial administration
Authors: Alfred Richard L.
Published: October 2006

Professional development of the financial administrator in public policy analysis is a small cost to pay for improved capacity in strategic management.
Sources and information: Financial management at the community college
Authors: Palmer Jim , Zwemer Diane
Published: October 2006

Materials abstracted from recent additions to the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) system provide further information on community college financial management.
The Illinois public community college board members
Authors: Petty Gary Frank , Piland William E.
Published: October 2006

What are the characteristics of community college trustees? This introductory chapter details the findings of a survey conducted to provide a demographic and political profile of the trustees representing the thirty‐nine community college districts of Illinois.
Active trusteeship for a changing era
Authors: Tatum James B.
Published: October 2006

The fundamentals of sound board‐president relations are essential to the development of superior community college boards.
Media and the trustee
Authors: Hamilton Jan , Hartstein Raymond
Published: October 2006

Trustees have an important role to play in maintaining good college‐media relations.
Trustees and collective bargaining
Authors: Moriarty Robert V.
Published: October 2006

Trustees play an important role in leading the institution to positive, productive collective bargaining procedures.
Maintaining open access and comprehensiveness
Authors: Vaughan George B.
Published: October 2006

If the community college is to maintain its integrity, it must be true to its philosophy and mission, which should be built on open access, and it must articulate its mission and philosophy to its constituents in an effective and consistent manner.
General threats to institutional integrity
Authors: Davies Gordon K.
Published: October 2006

Threats to institutional integrity can come from within or without. Major threats are the avoidance of difficult management decisions and the failure to control and direct change.
Parttime faculty: Integrity and integration
Authors: McGaughey Judith L.
Published: October 2006

Whether a faculty member is full‐ or parttime may be irrelevant to the question of the impact of all faculty members on institutional or academic integrity.
Part‐ time faculty, full‐time problems
Authors: Hartleb Dauid , Vilter William
Published: October 2006

The short‐term cost effectiveness of part‐time faculty creates long‐term losses.
Vocational education: More false promises
Authors: Pincus Fred L.
Published: October 2006

Vocational education does not serue the interests of poor and minority students who desire economic security and upward mobility.
A place for women?
Authors: Gittell Marilyn
Published: October 2006

Although women represent nearly 60 percent of community college enrollments, curricular stereotyping and the lack of appropriate student services lead to unequal results.
Sources and information: The social rok of the community college
Authors: Palmer Jim
Published: October 2006

This chapter draws from the ERIC (Educational Resources Information Center) data base to prouide further sources of information on the social role of the community college.
Institutional research and assessment of the external enuironment
Authors: Groff Warren H.
Published: October 2006

The transformation from an industrial society to a technical society based on information is highlighted by illustrations of numerous issues likely to occur in the decade ahead. The most important one is an institution's ability both to assess changes in its external environment and to act on the findings.
Meeting the challenge of change: An opportunity for research in the community college
Authors: Carter Edith H.
Published: October 2006

In the next decade, the greatest need of institutions with research capabilities may be not only to cope with change, but also to influence change through the systematic generation and presentation of data.
Learning disabilities and the developmental education program
Authors: Young Bonnie J. , Staebler Bonnie L.
Published: October 2006

Community colleges face a new challenge: to provide appropriate instruction and services to learning‐disabled students.
Sources and information: Developmental education at the community college
Authors: Zwemer Diane
Published: October 2006

Resources abstracted from the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) system provide further information on developmental education.
The challenge of curriculum development: From idea to reality
Authors: Raulf Judith F. , Ayres Marilyn C.
Published: October 2006

This chapter provides a systematic development process to help in planning and implementing occupational programs that will prepare students to enter the marketplace.
What teachers and administrators need to know about licensing and certification tests
Authors: Teryek Charles J.
Published: October 2006

This chapter reviews the basic concepts of licensing and certification, noting their importance to the curriculum development process.
Occupational program evaluation
Authors: Martinez Ted , Echord Barbara S.
Published: October 2006

This chapter presents a pragmatic approach to occupational program evaluation at multicampus, single intermediate, and small‐campus settings. The Dallas County Community College District evaluation process is used as a model.
Assessment of writing skills through essay tests
Authors: Crocker Linda
Published: October 2006

The use of direct writing assessment on a large scale seem to be growing. This chapter reoiews the process of developing a writing assessment program.
Technology and testing: What is around the corner?
Authors: Rounds Jeanine C. , Kanter Martha J. , Blumin Marlene
Published: October 2006

Rapidly changing technology will have a dramatic impact on assessment of students both for placement and instruction. An exciting potential for increased individualization is available if we but choose to use it.
California's employment training panel: Creating incentives for change
Authors: Duscha Steve
Published: October 2006

California's Employment Training Panel provides a model for meeting the demands of the marketplace.
Performance contracting: Successfully managing the risk
Authors: Thor Linda M.
Published: October 2006

In performance contracting, a community college's ability to make a profit depends on its ability to manage risk.
Increasing enrollments: A marketing perspective
Authors: Brannick Michael K.
Published: October 2006

The marketing concept can increme enrollments.
A 1980s approach to planning: The Houston community college system
Authors: Boatright Joyce , Crowley Jacquelin
Published: October 2006

The Houston Community College System has used marketing research in developing professional training seminars.
Student recruitment: A market research primer
Authors: Moore Richard W.
Published: October 2006

Market research allows educators to follow the student market and respond to trends.
Summary and conclusions
Authors: Wilms Wellford W. , Moore Richard W.
Published: October 2006

Educators who combine vision with ethics are ready to meet the demands of the changing environment.
Articulation and dual admissions
Authors: Woodbury Kenneth B.
Published: October 2006

Pennsylvania's pluralistic and decentralized system of public and private colleges has spawned creative approaches to lower‐ and upper‐division articulation, including dual admissions.
The crucial role of faculty in transfer articulation
Authors: Berger Renee , Ruiz Aida M. Ortiz
Published: October 2006

Faculty participation within integrated institutional activities is essential for the development of successful transfer articulation agreements.
Opportunity for all
Authors: Gollattscheck James F.
Published: October 2006

A national perspective emphasizing the numbers of students potentially in need demonstrates a new and significant role for the community college.
Sewing high‐risk adolescents
Authors: Cullen Cecilia , Moed Martin G.
Published: October 2006

Connectedness is the critical issue in servicing high‐risk students in a collaboration. Restructuring the institutional framework to establish that connectedness demands conviction and creativity.
An interview with former congressman O'Hara
Authors: O'Hara James G. , Wolf David B. , Zoglin Mary Lou
Published: October 2006

This chapter is the outcome of a conversation between the editors and former Congressman James O'Hara (D‐Michigan), who has extraordinary experience in the area of higher education.
The gordon rule: A state legislator fulfills his responsibility
Authors: Gordon Jack D.
Published: October 2006

The influence of state legislators derives from their fiscal responsibility.
Accreditation and curricular change
Authors: Simmons Howard L.
Published: October 2006

Whatever their effects, external influences on curricula and programs cannot be ignored.
A case of incomplete institutionalization
Authors: Meyer Marshall W.
Published: October 2006

This chapter applies the central tenets of organizational theory to community colleges.
LONESTAR: Texas's voluntary tracking and developmental education evaluation system
Authors: Adelman Stanley I. , Ewell Peter T. , Grable John R.
Published: October 2006

Increased state mandates to improve higher education in Texas led to the development of a system to track the effectiveness of remedial education.
Entrepreneurship in the community college: Revenue diversification
Authors: Brightman Richard W.
Published: October 2006

Adaptation, Darwin's concept for survival, is precisely what this chapter suggests: nonprofit community college undertaking for‐profit ventures.
Responding to mandates for institutional effectiveness
Authors: Friedlander Jack , MacDougall Peter R.
Published: October 2006

Community colleges' responses to state mandates for assessment are reviewed, and suggestions for using assessment to strengthen educational programs are presented.
Writing‐to‐learn assignments: The journal and the microtheme
Authors: Stanley Linda C.
Published: October 2006

The journal and the microtheme, two versatile writing‐to‐learn strategies, are easily adapted to math, biology, electrical technology, and college‐life courses.
A model in community college transfer programs
Authors: Terzian Aram L.
Published: October 2006

Community colleges trying to strengthen the transfer function must not ignore the central importance of curriculum for empowering minority students to achieve educational goals.
Developmental academic advising
Authors: Raushi Thaddeus M.
Published: October 2006

Developmental advising is a process shaped, nurtured, and defined by both traditional and newly emerging theory, reflecting psychosocial, cognitive, ecological, and student‐specific orientations.
The organization and effectiveness of academic advising in community colleges
Authors: Habley Wesley R.
Published: October 2006

The American College Testing Program's fourth national survey, a source of data on the status of academic advising, reflects the state of the art of advising in community colleges.
Advising models and delivery systems
Authors: King Margaret C.
Published: October 2006

Seven organizational models of academic advising utilize a variety of delivery systems to provide advising services.
Adviser training in the community college
Authors: Weston Portia K.
Published: October 2006

Adviser training in community colleges serves not only as a powerful retention strategy but also as a team‐building staff development activity.
Evaluation, recognition, and reward of academic advising
Authors: Ramos Buddy
Published: October 2006

Evaluation of the advising system and of the advisers and recognition and reward for effective advising are key components of an institutional advising program.
Advising the two‐year student: Considerations and strategies
Authors: Sanford‐Harris Judith L.
Published: October 2006

There are specific factors to consider and strategies to employ when advising students in two‐year colleges.
Cost‐benefit analyses of accreditation
Authors: Reidlinger Charles R. , Prager Carolyn
Published: October 2006

In an era of limited institutional resources, educators must reduce the cost of accreditation while preserving its traditional benefits.
Institutional accreditation, student outcomes assessment, and the open‐ended institution
Authors: Palmer James C.
Published: October 2006

Institutional accreditation challenges the view that a community college is an open‐ended institution with as many outcomes as there are students.
The impact of accreditation on small colleges
Authors: Marti Eduardo J.
Published: October 2006

Small colleges' accreditation costs may be proportionately higher than those of larger institutions; however, accreditation benefits can be substantially greater as well.
Sources and information: The dynamics of change in managerial responsibilities and roles
Authors: Deckelbaum David
Published: October 2006

An annotated bibliography is provided on various aspects of the changing face of management within the community college, including information on adapting to change, changing roles with administrative structures, and the appearance of new players in administrative activities.
Training for customized training: Learning to teach the fully employed learner in the workplace
Authors: Kantor Sherrie L.
Published: October 2006

Teaching the fully employed learner in the workplace requires training and instructional strategies that are different from those for teaching the yet‐to‐be‐employed learner on the traditional college campus.
Using a management information system effectively for contract education programs
Authors: Ramer Maureen H. , Snowden Mike
Published: October 2006

An ideal information system for contract education program managers is proposed and a current model is described that enables a program operator to measure the impact of the program, provide summary data, and communicate with other providers.
Training for trade: A partnership strategy
Authors: Wismer Jack N.
Published: October 2006

Training for trade must become a community college priority in preparing the U.S. work force for the increased global market of the twenty‐first century. Community colleges across our nation can serve as an effective, training‐for‐trade delivery system.
The comprehensive mission of rural community colleges
Authors: Cavan John
Published: October 2006

The rural community college is a major factor in the life of its service area. Modern colleges and their presidents face many challenges,including the need to maintain egalitarianism and to restructure
higher education to serve students' real needs.
Community colleges and proprietary schools: Conflict or convergence?
Authors: Clowes Darrel A.
Published: October 2006

Tne thesis of convergence of community colleges and proprietary schools is put forward; reactions are solicited from the authors that follow and from readers.