bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of High Temperature on CFRP Retroffitted Columns, Protected with Different Coatings
Authors: Elkady Hala
Published: August 2010

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the effect of indirect fire on axially loaded CFRP retrofitted columns. Tests were performed on 28 half scale CFRP retrofitted columns, coated with proposed heat insulating covers (two specimens were cast for each type). Twelve materials - known for their low coefficients of thermal conductivities- were used in the mixes of these protective covers on CFRP. Commercially available fire protective material was subjected to the same tests also. All protected columns were exposed to elevated temperature tests following ASTM (E119-95a) fire test curve 900°C for half an hour, while an axial load is applied to simulate working load conditions.

Thermal distribution results along columns cross sections- for different insulating covers- at different stages of the fire test- were compared to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed heat protecting mixes.

Post fire tests, all columns were loaded up to failure. Hence, the reduction in their load capacity due to fire exposure is calculated.

Throughout these comparisons, it is concluded that the most of the suggested insulating mixes acted efficiently to protect CFRP strengthened sections during fire. Temperature was significantly reduced at CFRP level -below the protective covers. It ranged between 100-120°C, for most of the mixes. Thus, enhancing significantly the fire resistance for CFRP retrofitted columns. Reduction in failure load capacity -due to fire exposure- was limited to 10-20% for most of the protected specimens. Even for the insulating mixes that resulted in lowest - post fire- residual strength, CFRP layer was highly damaged, but the reinforced concrete section was slightly affected, which still makes the damage repairable.
Explosion Protection—Architectural Design, Urban Planning and Landscape Planning
Authors: Gebbeken Norbert , Döge Torsten
Published: August 2010

This paper gives first a short overview of some basics of blast wave propagation and blast wave reflection. The reflected overpressure-time history, which is the design load, depends on the shape and geometry of the structures where the blast wave is reflected. It presents some shape studies which show the influence of shaping on the explosion design load. These shape studies include horizontal shapes (e.g. cross section of columns), vertical shapes (e.g. facades) and spatial shapes of buildings. The paper further shows that shrub plantings reduce blast loads. It also discusses the use of flexible materials and constructions and the influence of the urban situation on the design.
Investigation of the Structural Failure of Penetration Projectiles
Authors: Chen X.W. , Li Q.M. , Zhang F.J. , He L.L.
Published: August 2010

Structural failure of penetration projectiles is investigated in this paper. Normal and oblique penetration tests of small-scale projectiles into concrete targets are performed at impact velocities in the range of 620∼820 m/s. Three main failure modes, i.e. compressive, tensile and bending failures, are observed, based on which, analytical models are proposed to guide the design of the penetration projectile. Penetration resistance from a rigid projectile analysis is employed to estimate the forces applied on the projectile during penetration. Projectile nose erosion and the projectile tail attachment failure are also discussed. The proposed model leads to an improved classification of penetration regimes and a more accurate determination of the valid range of the rigid projectile assumption. Analytical models are validated by experimental results.
Engineering and Numerical Tools for Explosion Protection of Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Riedel Werner , Mayrhofer Christoph , Thoma Klaus , Stolz Alexander
Published: August 2010

A range of prediction methods is presented to assist damage analysis and design of building components against explosion effects. The scaled distance can give a first indication if global structural modes, e.g. bending, or local failure modes such as breaching or shear failure have to be considered. Engineering tools are helpful for quick prediction and design of buildings and facilities. They can analyze simple geometries, also as part of a complex construction, if the failure mechanisms are well understood. Two distinct examples of such PC tools for different loading regimes are highlighted and explained: a physically based single-degree-of-freedom analysis program (EMI-BAUEX), using similarity methods for transition from actually tested to arbitrary component geometries and the empirical analysis tool XPLOSIM for breaching predictions. Far more powerful, versatile but also expensive in terms of expertise and time requirements are hydrocode simulations with appropriate material models. Comparison of both hydrocode and engineering tool simulations to experimental results helps to understand the predictive capabilities. State-of-the-art analysis demands customized and often integrated use of such a range of methods in order to predict effectively and reliably what is expected to happen in case of an explosive event.
The Influence of the Underpressure Phase on the Dynamic Response of Structures Subjected to Blast Loads
Authors: Teich Martien , Gebbeken Norbert
Published: August 2010

The standard approach in protective design is to model blast loads with a triangular pulse shape which is characterized by the peak reflected overpressure and the reflected impulse. The US and European threat levels, GSA and ISO EXV, define pressure-impulse combinations for blast load characterization. However, this approach neglects the underpressure phase. The actual decay of a blast load is nonlinear and can be modeled more accurately with an exponential approach which takes into account the underpressure phase. When considering underpressure effects, however, special attention should be paid to the modeling of the different reflection effects for the over- and underpressure phase. The authors derive a new reflection coefficient for the maximum underpressure. Based on a single degree of freedom system, the authors then determine the influence of the reflected underpressure phase for different systems. Especially for flexible systems subjected to weak blast loads, the underpressure significantly dominates the structural response. In these cases, the standard triangular approach is not on the safe side. This paper presents new demarcation criteria to rapidly assess the influence of the underpressure phase.
Ballistic Limit Predictions with Quasi-Static Cavitation Fields
Authors: Cohen Tal , Masri Rami , Durban David
Published: August 2010

Recent work on ductile hole enlargement under plane-stress conditions has revealed that while the internal pressure does not reach a saturation level, the energy increment required to create a nominal hole volume increment admits a finite asymptotic value. This specific cavitation energy, which is identified with the cavitation pressure required for plane-strain and spherical cavitation patterns, suggests a possible new view of cavitation states in energetic terms.

Based on the specific cavitation energy the ballistic limits of monolithic targets are estimated from a simple energy balance and residual velocities are found from the Recht-Ipson formula. This plate perforation model is independent of projectile head profile and neglects friction. Albeit the simplicity, comparison with experimental and numerical data from various sources, for conical and ogival-nose projectiles, shows good agreement. In fact, over a practical range of h/ D ratio, residual velocities are bounded between plane-stress and plane-strain predictions, gradually shifting from plane-stress limit to plane-strain bound as h/ D increases. Spherical cavitation fields are also discussed in conjunction with limits of validity of cavity expansion models and connection between plane-stress cavitation and the ultimate tensile stress is demonstrated.
Randomized Methods for Linear Constraints: Convergence Rates and Conditioning
Authors: Leventhal D. , Lewis A. S.
Published: August 2010

We study randomized variants of two classical algorithms: coordinate descent for systems of linear equations and iterated projections for systems of linear inequalities. Expanding on a recent randomized iterated projection algorithm of Strohmer and Vershynin (Strohmer, T., R. Vershynin. 2009. A randomized Kaczmarz algorithm with exponential convergence. J. Fourier Anal. Appl. 15 262–278) for systems of linear equations, we show that, under appropriate probability distributions, the linear rates of convergence (in expectation) can be bounded in terms of natural linear-algebraic condition numbers for the problems. We relate these condition measures to distances to ill-posedness and discuss generalizations to convex systems under metric regularity assumptions.
Social problem solving, autobiographical memory, trauma, and depression in women with borderline personality disorder and a history of suicide attempts
Authors: Maurex Liselotte , Lekander Mats , Nilsonne Åsa , Andersson Eva E. , Åsberg Marie , Öhman Arne
Published: August 2010

Objectives.The primary aim of this study was to compare the retrieval of autobiographical memory and the social problem‐solving performance of individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and a history of suicide attempts, with and without concurrent diagnoses of depression and/or post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), to that of controls. Additionally, the relationships between autobiographical memory, social problem‐solving skills, and various clinical characteristics were examined in the BPD group.

Design.Individuals with BPD who had made at least two suicide attempts were compared to controls with regard to specificity of autobiographical memory and social problem‐solving skills. Autobiographical memory specificity and social problem‐solving skills were further studied in the BPD group by comparing depressed participants to non‐depressed participants; and autobiographical memory specificity was also studied by comparing participants with and without PTSD.

Method.A total of 47 women with a diagnosis of BPD and 30 controls completed the Autobiographical Memory Test, assessing memory specificity, and the means‐end problem solving‐procedure, measuring social problem‐solving skills. The prevalence of suicidal/self‐injurious behaviour, and the exposure to violence, was also assessed in the BPD group.

Results.Compared to controls, participants with BPD showed reduced specificity of autobiographical memory, irrespective of either concurrent depression, previous depression, or concurrent PTSD. The depressed BPD group displayed poor problem‐solving skills. Further, an association between unspecific memory and poor problem‐solving was displayed in the BPD group.

Conclusion.Our results confirmed that reduced specificity of autobiographical memory is an important characteristic of BPD individuals with a history of suicide attempt, independent of depression, or PTSD. Reduced specificity of autobiographical memory was further related to poor social problem‐solving capacity in the BPD group.
Low testosterone levels predict all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in women: a prospective cohort study in German primary care patients
Authors: Sievers Caroline , Klotsche Jens , Pieper Lars , Schneider Harald J , März Winfried , Wittchen Hans Ulrich , Stalla Günter K , Mantzoros Christos
Published: August 2010

Objective

Although associations between testosterone and cardiovascular (CV) morbidity in women have been proposed, no large prospective study has evaluated potential associations between testosterone and mortality in women. The objective was to determine whether baseline testosterone levels in women are associated with future overall or CV morbidity and mortality.

Design

Prospective cohort study with a 4.5-year follow-up period.

Methods

From a representative sample of German primary care practices, 2914 female patients between 18 and 75 years were analyzed for the main outcome measures: CV risk factors, CV diseases, and all-cause mortality.

Results

At baseline, the study population was aged 57.96±14.37 years with a mean body mass index of 26.71±5.17 kg/m2. No predictive value of total testosterone for incident CV risk factors or CV diseases was observed in logistic regressions. Patients with total testosterone levels in the lowest quintile Q1, however, had a higher risk to die of any cause or to develop a CV event within the follow-up period compared to patients in the collapsed quintiles Q2–Q5 in crude and adjusted Cox regression models (all-cause mortality: Q2–Q5 versus Q1: crude hazard ratios (HR) 0.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.33–0.74; adjusted HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.42–0.939; CV events: Q2–Q5 versus Q1: crude HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.38–0.77; adjusted HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.48–0.97). Kaplan–Meier curves revealed similar data.

Conclusions

Low baseline testosterone in women is associated with increased all-cause mortality and incident CV events independent of traditional risk factors.
Molecular analysis of the PROP1 and HESX1 genes in patients with septo-optic dysplasia and/or pituitary hormone deficiency
Authors: Cruz Juliana B. , Nunes Vania S. , Clara Sueli A. , Perone Denise , Kopp Peter , Nogueira Célia R.
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed at evaluating the PROP1 and HESX1 genes in a group of patients with septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) and pituitary hormone deficiency (combined - CPHD; isolated GH deficiency - GHD). Eleven patients with a clinical and biochemical presentation consistent with CPHD, GHD or SOD were evaluated. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In all patients, the HESX1 gene was analyzed by direct sequence analysis and in cases of CPHD the PROP1 gene was also sequenced. RESULTS: A polymorphism (1772 A > G; N125S) was identified in a patient with SOD. We found three patients carrying the allelic variants 27 T > C; A9A and 59 A > G; N20S in exon 1 of the PROP1 gene. Mutations in the PROP1 and HESX1 genes were not identified in these patients with sporadic GHD, CPHD and SOD. CONCLUSION: Genetic alterations in one or several other genes, or non-genetic mechanisms, must be implicated in the pathogenic process.
Long term treatment of a thyrotropin-secreting microadenoma with somatostatin analogues
Authors: Prieto-Tenreiro Alma , Díaz-Guardiola Patricia
Published: August 2010

Thyrotropin (TSH) secreting pituitary adenomas (TSH-omas) account for < 1% of all pituitary adenomas and are a rare cause of hyperthyroidism. The diagnosis is often made at the stage of macroadenoma because of the aggressive nature of the tumor and due to the fact that patients are mistakenly treated for more common primary hyperthyroidism for a long time. First line therapy is transsphenoidal resection of the tumor, which can cure one-third of the patients completely. However, if surgery is not possible or curative, pituitary radiotherapy and/or somatostatin analogs (SSA) can be useful. We report the case of a 54-year-old woman treated 20 years earlier for a mistakenly suspected primary hyperthyroidism. Given the persistence of symptoms she was studied further and was diagnosed with a thyrotropinoma. Despite the delay in diagnosis and prior thyroid ablation, a microadenoma was found. As transsphenoidal surgery was not considered effective, medical therapy with a somatostatin analogue was initiated. Currently, at four years of follow-up, the patient continues on this treatment and remains euthyroid and asymptomatic. We report a case of successful long-term treatment with SSA, after unsuccessful surgery.
Relação umidade versus resistência à penetração para um argissolo amarelo distrocoeso no recôncavo da Bahia
Authors: Silveira Dreid de Cerqueira , Melo Filho José Fernandes de , Sacramento José Augusto Amorim Silva do , Silveira Edvana Cássia Pinto
Published: August 2010

A resistência do solo à penetração é considerada a propriedade mais adequada para expressar o grau de compactação do solo e, consequentemente, a facilidade que este oferece à penetração das raízes. Por isso, sua quantificação representa um importante indicativo da dinâmica de crescimento e desenvolvimento do sistema radicular das plantas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a relação entre a umidade do solo e a resistência à penetração em um Argissolo Amarelo distrocoeso na região do Recôncavo da Bahia. O estudo foi realizado no município de Governador Mangabeira - BA, em um pomar comercial de laranja 'Pêra' (Citrus sinensis Osb.) sob porta-enxerto de limão-cravo (Citrus limonia Osbeck) cultivado com feijão-de-porco (Canavalia ensiformis L.). As avaliações foram realizadas entre junho e dezembro de 2008, com um penetrômetro de impacto modelo Stoff (1991), e a amostragem do solo, em duas profundidades: 0,0-0,20 e 0,20-0,40 m, nas entrelinhas da cultura. Para caracterização da relação umidade do solo versus resistência à penetração de raízes, realizou-se a avaliação estatística descritiva e testaram-se quatro modelos de ajuste: dois exponenciais e dois potenciais. Os resultados demonstram que a resistência à penetração do solo apresentou distribuição diferente da normal e elevado coeficiente de variação, assim como os modelos matemáticos testados mostraram bom ajuste; o modelo exponencial foi o que apresentou os melhores índices de aferição para a relação umidade do solo versus resistência à penetração.
Soil spectral library and its use in soil classification
Authors: Bellinaso Henrique , Demattê José Alexandre Melo , Romeiro Suzana Araújo
Published: August 2010

Soil science has sought to develop better techniques for the classification of soils, one of which is the use of remote sensing applications. The use of ground sensors to obtain soil spectral data has enabled the characterization of these data and the advancement of techniques for the quantification of soil attributes. In order to do this, the creation of a soil spectral library is necessary. A spectral library should be representative of the variability of the soils in a region. The objective of this study was to create a spectral library of distinct soils from several agricultural regions of Brazil. Spectral data were collected (using a Fieldspec sensor, 350-2,500 nm) for the horizons of 223 soil profiles from the regions of Matão, Paraguaçu Paulista, Andradina, Ipaussu, Mirandópolis, Piracicaba, São Carlos, Araraquara, Guararapes, Valparaíso (SP); Naviraí, Maracajú, Rio Brilhante, Três Lagoas (MS); Goianésia (GO); and Uberaba and Lagoa da Prata (MG). A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the data was then performed and a graphic representation of the spectral curve was created for each profile. The reflectance intensity of the curves was principally influenced by the levels of Fe2O3, clay, organic matter and the presence of opaque minerals. There was no change in the spectral curves in the horizons of the Latossolos, Nitossolos, and Neossolos Quartzarênicos. Argissolos had superficial horizon curves with the greatest intensity of reflection above 2,200 nm. Cambissolos and Neossolos Litólicos had curves with greater reflectance intensity in poorly developed horizons. Gleisols showed a convex curve in the region of 350-400 nm. The PCA was able to separate different data collection areas according to the region of source material. Principal component one (PC1) was correlated with the intensity of reflectance samples and PC2 with the slope between the visible and infrared samples. The use of the Spectral Library as an indicator of possible soil classes proved to be an important tool in profile classification.
Labile and stable fractions of soil organic matter under management systems and native cerrado
Authors: Figueiredo Cícero Célio de , Resck Dimas Vital Siqueira , Carneiro Marco Aurélio Carbone
Published: August 2010

Soil organic matter can be analyzed on the basis of the different fractions. Changes in the levels of organic matter, caused by land use, can be better understood by alterations in the different compartments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different management systems on the labile and stable organic matter of a dystrophic Red Latosol (Oxisol). The following properties were determined: total organic C and total N (TOC and TN), particulate organic C and particulate N (POC and PN), organic C and N mineral-associated (MOC and NM) and particulate organic C associated with aggregate classes (POCA). Eight treatments were used: seven with soil management systems and one with native Cerrado as a reference. The experiment was designed to study the dynamics of systems of tillage and crop rotation, alternating in time and space. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications. The soil samples were collected from five depths: 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-40 cm. Changes in organic C by land use occurred mainly in the fraction of particulate organic matter (> 53 mm). Proper management of grazing promoted increased levels of particulate organic matter by association with larger aggregates (2-8 mm), demonstrating the importance of the formation of this aggregate class for C protection in pasture.
Egg parasitoid wasps as natural enemies of the neotropical stink bug Dichelops melacanthus
Authors: Laumann Raúl Alberto , Moraes Maria Carolina Blassioli , Silva Joseane Padilha da , Vieira Afrânio Márcio Corrêa , Silveira Samantha da , Borges Miguel
Published: August 2010

The objective of this work was to determine the potential of five species of Scelionidae wasps - Telenomus podisi, Trissolcus basalis, Trissolcus urichi, Trissolcus teretis and Trissolcus brochymenae - as natural enemies of the neotropical stink bug Dichelops melacanthus, and to determine if the presence of eggs of other stink bug species influences the parasitism and development of the parasitoids. Two kinds of experiments were done in laboratory: without choice of hosts (eggs of D. melacanthus) and with choice (eggs of D. melacanthus and of Euschistus heros). Biological parameters, including proportion of parasitism, immature survivorship, progeny sex ratio, immature stage development period, and host preference were recorded. All the evaluated parasitoids can parasitize and develop on D. melacanthus eggs. The first choice of eggs did not influence the proportion of D. melacanthus eggs parasitized by Tr. basalis, Tr. teretis or Tr. brochymenae. However, D. melacanthus eggs as the first choice of Te. podisi and Tr. urichi increased, respectively, 9 and 14 times the chance for parasitism on eggs of this species. Behavioral and ecological aspects of parasitoids should be considered prior to their use in biological control programs.
Atividade do sistema antioxidante e desenvolvimento de aerênquima em raízes de milho 'Saracura'
Authors: Pereira Fabricio José , Magalhães Paulo César , Souza Thiago Corrêa de , Castro Evaristo Mauro de , Alves José Donizeti
Published: August 2010

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de sucessivos ciclos de seleção do milho 'Saracura' na atividade das enzimas do sistema antioxidante, e a relação dessas enzimas com a capacidade dessa variedade em desenvolver aerênquima. Sementes de 18 ciclos de seleção intercalados do milho 'Saracura' e da cultivar BR 107, sensível à hipoxia, foram semeadas em vasos e em casa de vegetação. As plantas foram submetidas ao alagamento intermitente de dois em dois dias. As amostras de raízes foram coletadas após 60 dias e analisaram-se as atividades das enzimas peroxidase do guaiacol, peroxidase do ascorbato e catalase, além da capacidade das plantas de cada ciclo desenvolverem aerênquima. Ao longo dos ciclos, as plantas apresentaram modificações na atividade das enzimas, com aumento na de peroxidase do ascorbato e diminuição na de catalase e de peroxidase do guaiacol. Observou-se, ainda, maior capacidade de desenvolver aerênquima nos últimos ciclos de seleção. A redução na atividade das enzimas do sistema antioxidante parece estar relacionada a um desbalanço na decomposição de H2O2.
Peritonite aguda experimental em ratos: modelo de bloqueio transdiafragmático com membrana celulósica
Authors: Silva Leônidas Noronha , Cardoso Márcio Barboza , Gondek João Francisco L. , Esmanhotto Luciana Bertoli , Sebastião Ana Paula Martins , Simões João Carlos
Published: August 2010

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o efeito do bloqueio transdiafragmático na vigência de peritonite aguda infecciosa induzida por inoculação de suspensão bacteriana qualitativa e quantitativa predeterminada. Foram analisados 41 ratos, adultos, machos, da raça Wistar, com peso variando de 118 a 399 g. Os animais foram alocados em dois grupos: grupo A ou controle (n=19), e grupo B ou experimental (n=22). Os animais do grupo B, após indução anestésica inalatória, foram submetidos a laparotomia e bloqueio da superfície peritoneal diafragmática com membrana celulósica e mantidos sob condições ad libitum por 15 dias.. Após esse período, em ambos os grupos inoculou-se, por via percutânea na cavidade abdominal, suspensão bacteriana constituída de Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2,7 x 10(9) UFC/ml (American Type Culture Collection - ATCC 25853), na proporção de 1 ml de suspensão para cada 100 g de peso. Sempre que se detectou o óbito, o animal foi submetido a necropsia para avaliação macroscópica da cavidade peritoneal e pleural, bem como coleta de conteúdo pleural e punção intracardíaca para cultura. Os animais sobreviventes foram sacrificados após 48 horas e, também, submetidos a necropsia e coleta de material para avaliação bacteriológica. Verificaram-se em todos os animais sinais clínicos característicos do estado séptico evolutivo. A incidência de derrame pleural observada no grupo controle em relação ao grupo experimental foi, respectivamente, 18 (94,7%) e oito (36,4%), (p=0,0001). Na análise bacteriológica do derrame pleural e na hemocultura de ambos os grupos, isolou-se como agente único Pseudomonas aeruginosa em, respectivamente, 88,46% e 60,97%. Para a análise da curva de sobrevivência utilizou-se o método não-paramétrico de Kaplan-Meier, demonstrando maior sobrevida no grupo B (p=0,024; p=0,0211). Demonstrou-se, no presente estudo, que os animais submetidos a bloqueio transdiafragmático prévio com membrana celulósica apresentaram maior sobrevida e menor freqüência de derrame pleural, estatisticamente significante, quando comparados aos animais não submetidos ao bloqueio.
Emprego do saco herniário no reforço parietal nas hérnias inguinais indiretas do adulto
Authors: Souza Pedro Lúcio de , Silva Alcino Lázaro da
Published: August 2010

O estudo prospectivo de oitenta pacientes com hérnia inguinal indireta primária teve como objetivo determinar as possíveis vantagens e desvantagens do uso do saco herniário próprio como um reforço adicional da fáscia transversal e do anel interno, no reparo cirúrgico da hérnia inguinal indireta, num período de acompanhamento de 24 meses após a operação. Todos os pacientes eram do sexo masculino, na faixa etária de 18 a 65 anos, com o diâmetro do anel inguinal variando de 1,0cm a 3,5cm, correspondente ao tipo 2 da classificação de Nyhus para hérnias ínguino-femorais. Foram divididos em dois grupos de quarenta cada e operados pelo mesmo cirurgião, de março de 1993 a março de 1995. No grupo A, o reforço parietal posterior foi feito pela sutura do arco do transverso ao ligamento iliopúbico. No grupo B, acrescentou-se o saco herniário próprio, aberto e livre, fixado sobre o citado reforço às estruturas músculo-aponeuróticas do triângulo inguinal. A preparação e sutura do saco herniário foi de fácil execução, acrescentando um tempo médio de nove minutos à operação. Na comparação entre os grupos A e B, os testes estatísticos demonstraram não haver diferença significativa entre as médias de idade, peso, altura e de diâmetro do anel inguinal interno. As complicações pós-operatórias foram semelhantes nos dois grupos, sendo estas de fácil resolução. A diferença na recidiva precoce de dois casos (5%) no grupo A para um caso (2,5%) no grupo B não é estatisticamente significativa. No exame histopatológico dos sacos herniários, verificou-se que suas paredes constituem-se de tecido conjuntivo, vasos sangüíneos, células adiposas e, em 25% dos casos, de fibras musculares lisas. Na reoperação do paciente número 12, do grupo B, observou-se que o saco herniário suturado, há 19 meses na região inguinal, apresentava-se como uma camada espessa e resistente, firmemente aderida à fáscia transversal. A proposta de utilização do saco herniário, como um reforço da hérnia inguinal, mostrou-se um recurso de fácil e rápida execução, com custo operacional baixo, não expondo o paciente ao aumento do número de complicações.
Análise de 126 fraturas de face em crianças menores de 12 anos
Authors: Morano Fernando Giovanetti , Sampaio Marcelo Moura Costa , Freitas Renato da Silva , Alonso Nivaldo , Ferreira Marcus Castro
Published: August 2010

As fraturas da face em crianças são infreqüentes e a melhor forma de tratamento ainda é a prevenção. Com isso nosso estudo busca caracterizar epidemiologicamente as fraturas de face em crianças enfatizando os sítios principais. Analisamos 126 fraturas de face em 98 crianças atendidas no HC-FMUSP, entre janeiro de 1990 e julho de 1996. A causa mais freqüente foi a queda de alturas e o osso da face mais acometido foi a mandíbula (29%), seguida do osso nasal (24%). Das fraturas da mandíbula, o corpo foi a região mais envolvida (31%), seguido do côndilo (27%). Traumas associados estiveram presentes em 24% dos casos, sendo traumatismo crânio-encefálico o mais freqüente. Os acidentes domésticos são as principais causas de fraturas de face em crianças, portanto, medidas preventivs simples podem ser adotadas objetivando diminuir o número desses acidentes.
Doenças de bovinos no Sul do Brasil: 6.706 casos
Authors: Lucena Ricardo B. , Pierezan Felipe , Kommers Glaucia D. , Irigoyen Luiz Francisco , Fighera Rafael A. , Barros Claudio S.L.
Published: August 2010

As doenças que acometem bovinos na região Sul do Brasil foram analisadas através de um estudo dos protocolos de necropsia de 6.706 bovinos examinados pelo Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Santa (LPV-UFSM), Rio Grande do Sul, de 1964-2008. Desses, 20,9% foram necropsias realizadas no LPV-UFSM e 79,1% foram amostras de tecidos submetidos por veterinários de campo. Dos 6.706 exames, 62,9% tinham diagnóstico conclusivo. A autólise ou material insuficiente foram as principais razões para a ocorrência de casos com diagnóstico inconclusivo. A intoxicação por Senecio spp. foi a principal causa de morte de bovinos neste estudo. As plantas tóxicas e as toxiinfecções juntas, responderam por 22,8% dos casos com diagnóstico conclusivo. As doenças inflamatórias e as parasitoses juntas contribuíram com mais de 30% das doenças de bovinos e a tristeza parasitária bovina foi a principal doença nessa categoria. As demais categorias distribuíram-se na seguinte ordem: neoplasmas e lesões tumoriformes (13,87%), doenças causadas por agentes físicos (2,7%), doenças metabólicas e nutricionais (2,46%), distúrbios circulatórios (1,4%), doenças degenerativas (1,1%), distúrbios do desenvolvimento (0,54%), distúrbios iatrogênicos (0,16%), distúrbios imunogênicos (0,19%) e, outros distúrbios (0,21%). A alta prevalência de tumores em bovinos foi atribuída a ingestão crônica de Pteridium aquilinum, uma toxicose comum na região. As principais doenças de bovinos na região estudada estão relacionadas a fatores ambientais resultante do manejo característico de criação predominantemente extensiva adotado na região.
Anomalias ósseas congênitas em Sotalia guianensis (Mammalia, Cetacea, Delphinidae) da costa centro-norte do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Laeta Maíra , Souza Sheila M.F.M. , Siciliano Salvatore
Published: August 2010

Carcaças de botos-cinza Sotalia guianensis (van Bénéden, 1864) foram recuperadas entre 20 de agosto de 2001 e 13 de fevereiro de 2006, na costa centro-norte fluminense. A maior parte delas (85%) entre Barra de São João (22º35'S 41º59'W) e Quissamã (22º06'S 41º28'W). Foram estudadas as colunas vertebrais dos 20 exemplares que apresentavam mais de 60% das vértebras presentes. A coleção é formada por 75% de animais imaturos, e todos os esqueletos mostram alterações tafonômicas mínimas. Duas categorias de anomalias congênitas foram diagnosticadas, ambas relacionadas ao desenvolvimento do mesoderma paraxial. A sétima vértebra cervical (C7) foi a única afetada, as costelas cervicais e o não fechamento do arco neural atingiram 15 (75%) dos indivíduos analisados, dos quais três (15%) apresentam ambas as anomalias. Nove (45%) indivíduos apresentaram costelas cervicais uni ou bilateral, e nove (45%) indivíduos apresentaram não fechamento do arco neural; em todos os casos as vértebras contíguas eram normais. A ocorrência de anomalias nesta série do Rio de Janeiro é maior do que as referidas na literatura brasileira para outras séries de Sotalia do Amazonas, Ceará e Santa Catarina. A série de Sotalia descrita vem de uma região do litoral muito limitada e provavelmente representa uma população local. As costelas cervicais são geneticamente determinadas e podem estar concentradas por uma condição de grande proximidade biológica entre os animais; o não fechamento do arco pode ter também um componente ambiental, a ser investigado futuramente.
Enfermidades de cutias (Dasyprocta aguti) criadas em cativeiro diagnosticadas pelo exame anatomopatológico
Authors: Batista Jael S. , Olinda Roberio G. , Silva Taciana M. F. , Rodrigues Carla M. F. , Oliveira Andréia F. , Queiroz Sílvia A. C. , Morais Sérgio R. L. , Oliveira Moacir F.
Published: August 2010

O exame necroscópico é especialmente útil no diagnóstico de enfermidades em animais silvestres. Em muitas ocasiões, as manifestações clínicas não são características como em animais domésticos, sendo frequente a ocorrência de óbitos em animais assintomáticos. Este trabalho objetivou realizar um estudo retrospectivo sobre as doenças de cutias diagnosticadas pelo Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, através do exame anatomopatológico no período de 2006 a 2009. Em 32 cutias submetidas à necropsia, as percentagens das enfermidades diagnosticadas foram: morte perinatal pelo complexo inanição/hipotermia (21,6%), urolitíase obstrutiva (6,24%), distocia (6,24%), obstrução do ceco por areia - sablose (6,24%), intussuscepção (3,20%), fecaloma (3,20%) e obstrução do esôfago (3,20%). Dezesseis (16) animais permaneceram sem diagnóstico, dos quais nove (28,48%) apresentavam avançado estado autolítico e em sete (21,60%) não foram observadas lesões macro e microscópicas compatíveis com nenhuma enfermidade. Este artigo apresenta relatos de doenças ainda não descritas em cutias e seus resultados poderão produzir literatura sobre os aspectos patológicos destas enfermidades nessa espécie.
Evidência molecular de Brucella sp. em Ozotoceros bezoarticus (veado campeiro) do Pantanal Sul-Mato-Grossense
Authors: Elisei Carina , Pellegrin Aiesca , Tomas Walfrido M. , Soares Cleber O. , Araújo Flábio R. , Funes-Huacca Maribel E. , Rosinha Grácia M.S.
Published: August 2010

A presença de Brucella spp. entre animais silvestres pode influenciar a taxa de reprodução destes hospedeiros, além de atuarem como fonte de infecção natural para os animais domésticos e humanos. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a presença de Brucella spp. em 44 amostras de sangue de veado campeiro (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) do Pantanal do Sul-Mato-Grossense, utilizando a técnica de PCR. Observou-se que 20,4% (9/44) das amostras foram positivas. A sequência consenso de nucleotídeo obtida no sequenciamento do isolado de veado campeiro apresentou 514 pb e 95% de identidade com virB5 de B. abortus (best hits acesso nr AF226278, e-value 0.0), já na análise filogenética a amostra de Brucella isolada de veado campeiro apresentou-se muito próximo de B. suis. A alta porcentagem de amostras positivas sugere que a brucelose pode ser um problema entre os veados campeiros na área estudada e que estes animais podem representar riscos para outros animais domésticos e silvestres.
Intersexuality in a crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous)
Authors: Mattos Marcos R.F. , Simões-Mattos Lucilene , Pilati Célso , Silva Lúcia D.M. , Domingues Sheyla F.S.
Published: August 2010

Intersexuality is a reproductive pathology that has been described in wild animals in recent years. However, its occurrence and consequences remain obscure and therefore all aspects of this reproductive disorder deserve attention. The aim of this study is to report a case of intersexuality with probable absence of gonadal tissue in the crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) native to Brazil. The animal has male external genitalia, but its prepuce and penis were both hypoplastic. Because of a clinical suspicion of bilateral cryptorchidism, a laparotomy was performed and the absence of prostate and gonads were revealed. The procedure also revealed vas deferentia, extending laterally from the each side of the bladder basis to the right and left abdominal wall muscles. The animal died one month later, and post mortem examination confirmed the absence of prostatic and gonadal tissues. Muscular structures similar to uterine horns and cervix were founded macroscopically and confirmed by optic microscopy. In addition, post mortem findings corroborate with penis hypoplasia, since penile bone presence was observed. The vasa deferentia had a normal tissue structure, although hypoplastic. In conclusion, the case of a crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) reported here represents a proved intersexual animal with probable absence of gonadal tissue.
Yield and quality of strawberry cultivars
Authors: Antunes Luis Eduardo C , Ristow Nara Cristina , Krolow Ana Cristina R , Carpenedo Sílvia , Reisser Júnior Carlos
Published: August 2010

The strawberry cultivation is an important economic activity in the Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, however the number of offered cultivars to the growers is reduced. The yield and quality of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cultivars Camarosa, Galexia, Earlibrite, Festival, Plarionfre and Sabrosa was evaluated under the climatic conditions of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State. We determined the number, mass, total soluble solids (TSS ºBrix), total titratable acidity (TTA), antocianin level and fresh fruits produced in an experimental unit. We also determined the production of fruits per hectare and per plant. The statistical design used in the experiment was of completely randomized blocks with 6 treatments (cultivars) and 4 replicates where the experimental unit was composed of 8 plants. The harvest began in the first half of August, extending to the second half of December, totalling 20 weeks. Plarionfre, Earlibrite and Festival cultivars showed higher production from the first half of October until the end of the first half of November. Camarosa reached higher productivity, mass of plants and fruit weight. There were no differences between the evaluated cultivars in the levels of TSS, antocianin, ATT and pH during the period of evaluation.
Diversidade cultural e cosmopolitismo
Authors: Ortiz Renato
Published: August 2010

Num mundo globalizado a diversidade cultural deve ser pensada de um ponto de vista cosmopolita. Somente uma visão universalista pode valorizar realmente o que denominamos "diferença".
Inibição da ação do etileno retarda o desenvolvimento de injúrias de frio em tangor 'Murcott'
Authors: Edagi Fernando Kazuhiro , Jomori Maria Luiza Lye , Kluge Ricardo Alfredo , Lima Giuseppina Pace Pereira , Azevedo Ricardo Antunes , Sestari Ivan
Published: August 2010

O bloqueio de eventos dependentes da sinalização do etileno pode afetar de maneira positiva ou negativa a qualidade de frutos tropicais após o armazenamento refrigerado. Dessa forma, os objetivos do presente trabalho foram estudar o envolvimento do etileno no desenvolvimento de injúrias de frio em tangor 'Murcott' e avaliar as respostas envolvidas no processo de resistência às injúrias. Os frutos foram expostos a 500nL L-1 de 1-metilciclopropeno (1-MCP) durante 12 horas ou imersos em soluções contendo 2000nL L-1 de ethephon ou ácido salicílico durante cinco minutos antes de serem armazenados a 1°C, por 90 dias. Como controle, parte dos frutos foi armazenada a 1°C. O tratamento de frutos com ethephon ou ácido salicílico antecipou e intensificou as injúrias de frio. Por outro lado, a inibição do etileno pelo 1-MCP retardou o surgimento dos sintomas e resultou em menor índice de injúrias e percentual de frutos podres ao final do armazenamento. A atividade da superóxido dismutase (SOD) foi intensificada aos 45 dias, contudo em menor intensidade nos frutos tratados com ácido salicílico. Nas avaliações subsequentes, houve decréscimo na atividade da SOD em todos os tratamentos, porém aos 90 dias a intensidade manteve-se levemente superior à observada nos primeiros 30 dias de armazenamento. Os teores de putrescina (Put) e espermina (Spm), no flavedo dos frutos, não sofreram significativa alteração durante o armazenamento. Em contrapartida, os teores de espermidina (Spd) foram mais afetados pelo estresse ocasionado pelo frio.
Plot size and experimental precision for sunflower production
Authors: Lorentz Leandro Homrich , Boligon Alexandra Augusti , Storck Lindolfo , Lúcio Alessandro Dal'Col
Published: August 2010

In order for sunflower cultivation to be economically sustainable, research should be based upon suitable experimental techniques. Since this kind of information is not readily available, the aim of this study was to estimate the seed production heterogeneity index and the optimal experimental plot size, and to verify experimental precision in sunflower experiments. Sunflower seed yield figures for plots of 1-meter rows (0.4 m spacing) were collected. The experiments were carried out in the 2004/05 and 2005/06 growing seasons in a 1-ha area, by marking out 12 randomized blocks (12 uniformity trials) of two rows 48 plots long on land used for commercial production of sunflowers in Bossoroca, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Plots of different sizes were simulated and estimates made for the mean, variance and coefficient of variance for each plot size, and the production heterogeneity index, optimal plot size and experimental precision estimated. The sunflower seed production heterogeneity index was high, the plots should be large and the rows are the blocks. The optimal plot size is two 3-meter rows (2.4 m²).
Visual soil structure quality assessment on Oxisols under no-tillage system
Authors: Giarola Neyde Fabíola Balarezo , Silva Alvaro Pires da , Tormena Cássio Antônio , Ball Bruce , Rosa Jadir Aparecido
Published: August 2010

Methods for evaluation the soil structure quality based on field evaluations are useful to determine strategies for soil management, with the advantage of requirement the use of little equipment and the possibility of immediate interpretation. A new methodology was recently developed to temperate soils for this purpose, called Visual Soil Structure Assessment (Ball et al., 2007). It was tested the hypothesis that it is possible to apply and advance in the interpretation of the results from use of Visual Soils Structure Assessment in cultivated Oxisols. Therefore the goal of this study was to apply, evaluate and enhance the potential of the methodology developed by Ball et al. (2007) in two Oxisols under long-term, no-till in Parana State, Brazil, as well as in a soil under native forest, used as reference of soil structural quality. The proposed implementation and progress in terms of structural quality for the distinct layers provided an assessment of soil physical quality more practical and detailed. This is useful to support the selection of appropriate techniques for mechanical and biological management systems in order to achieve the physical quality of soil suitable for crop development. Visual scores of soil structure quality proposed by Ball et al. (2007) can be applied to Brazilian Oxisols cultivated under no-tillage system.
Basic principles of graphing data
Authors: Kozak Marcin
Published: August 2010

Data visualization is a very important aspect of data analysis and of presentation. Focusing on the latter, this paper discusses various elements of constructing graphs for publications. Bad and good graphs are compared, and a checklist with graphical elements to be used while creating graphs is proposed.
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus: knowledge and factors related to the nursing team’s adherence to preventive measures
Authors: Silva Adriana Maria da , Carvalho Milton Jorge de , Canini Silvia Rita Marin da Silva , Cruz Elaine Drehmer de Almeida , Simões Carmen Lucia Antunes Pimenta , Gir Elucir
Published: August 2010

This study evaluated the knowledge of a nursing team from a public hospital in the state of São Paulo, Brazil concerning preventive measures recommended in the care delivered to patients colonized with Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) and, through the Health Beliefs Model, identified the factors influencing adherence or non-adherence to preventive measures. A total of 318 professionals from different units participated in the study. According to the analysis, the nursing team’s knowledge and perception of MRSA susceptibility was limited, which indicates the need for actions to improve the understanding of preventive measures employed in the care delivered to patients colonized or infected by this microorganism.
Financial expense incurred by medical leaves of health professionals in Rondonia public hospitals, Brazil
Authors: Junkes Maria Bernadete , Pessoa Valdir Filgueiras
Published: August 2010

The study investigates the additional payroll expense caused by absenteeism due to illness among nursing professionals and physicians at two public hospitals at Cacoal, Rondonia, Brazil. Non-programmed absences of up to 15 days which occurred at the hospital units between 2004 to 2007 were verified in the database of the institutions’ human resource sector. From 1,704 non-programmed absences, 1,486 were justified by medical declarations. It was verified that absenteeism caused by illness was responsible for 87.2% of all non-programmed absences. When these data are grouped by professional categories, it was observed that the nurse absenteeism due to illness reached 83.3%, when compared with 16.7% for physicians. The general absenteeism index, adding up nurses and physicians, corresponded to 0.85%, resulting in an additional payroll expense of 5.2% and 7.4% in the salaries of nursing professionals and physicians, respectively.
Psychosocial aspects of work and musculoskeletal disorders in nursing workers
Authors: Magnago Tânia Solange Bosi de Souza , Lisboa Marcia Tereza Luz , Griep Rosane Harter , Kirchhof Ana Lúcia Cardoso , Guido Laura de Azevedo
Published: August 2010

This study aimed to evaluate the association between psychological demands and control on work and the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders among nursing workers. This cross-sectional study involved 491 nursing workers from a University hospital in Rio Grande do Sul. Brazilian versions of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and the Job Content Questionnaire were used. Among the participants, 96.3% reported some pain in any given part of the body last year, 73.1% in the last seven days and 65.8% reported difficulty in their daily routine. The chances of shoulder pain (OR=1.97; CI95%=1.07-3.64), in the thoracic spine (OR=1.83; CI95%=1.02-3.35) and in the ankles (OR=2.05; CI95%=1.05-4.02) were higher in the high work demand quadrant when compared to the low demand quadrant, after adjustments for potentially confusing factors Intervention measures in the organizational structure are needed, redefining demand levels and control at work.