bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human unintentional and intentional interpersonal coordination in interaction with a humanoid robot
Authors: Mostafaoui Ghiles , Schmidt R. C. , Hasnain Syed Khursheed , Salesse Robin , Marin Ludovic
Published: January 2022

In order to establish natural social synchrony between two humans, two requirements need to be fulfilled. First, the coupling must be bi-directional. The two humans react to each other’s actions. Second, natural social bodily synchronization has to be intentional or unintentional. Assuming that these essential aspects of human-human interactions are present, the present paper investigates whether similar bodily synchrony emerges between an interacting human and an artificial agent such as a robot. More precisely, we investigate whether the same human unintentional rhythmic entrainment and synchronization is present in Human Robot Interaction (HRI). We also evaluate which model (e.g., an adaptive vs non adaptive robot) better reproduces such unintentional entrainment. And finally, we compare interagent coordination stability of the HRI under 1) unidirectional (robot with fixed frequency) versus bidirectional (robot with adaptive frequency) rhythmic entrainment and 2) human intentional versus unintentional coupling. Fifteen young adults made vertical arm movements in front of the NAO robot under five different conditions of intentional/unintentional and unidirectional/bidirectional interactions. Consistent with prior research investigating human-human interpersonal coordination, when humans interact with our robot, (i) unintentional entrainment was present, (ii) bi-directional coupling produced more stable in-phase un-intentional and intentional coordination, (iii) and intentional coordination was more stable than unintentional coordination. To conclude, this study provides a foundation for modeling future social robots involving unintentional and bidirectional synchronization—aspects which seem to enhance humans’ willingness to interact with robots.
The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene School Vision Program: A description of program expansion
Authors: Day Sophia , Acquafredda Emanuela , Humphrey Jill , Johnson Martha , Fitzpatrick Maria , Spasojevic Jasmina , Konty Kevin
Published: January 2022

Objective

This study describes how the School Vision Program (SVP) operates in NYC Public Schools, and how it has expanded to provide screening, follow-up, eye exams, and even glasses to more students in recent years.

Methods

Using administrative data from the SVP, we analyze a population sample of all public-school students with non-missing demographic variables in grades Pre-K through 12, focusing on the most recent year of data, 2018–19. We tabulate rates of screening and other results across students by grade and student characteristics, highlighting the expansion of SVP in community schools beginning in 2015–16.

Results

The SVP screens about 87% of students in Pre-K through 1st Grade each school year. Of the 22% of screened students who failed the screening in 2018–19, 69% received follow-up efforts, and 39% completed eye exams. Among students with completed eye exams, 13% of students in Pre-K through 1st grade were diagnosed with amblyopia, and 70% needed glasses. Less advantaged students in terms of race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status were less likely to pass vision screenings and less likely to receive eye exams after failing the screening. The SVP’s expansion to all grades in community schools and its provision of eye exams and glasses increased the rate of eye exams to 90% of students with a failed vision screening and distributed glasses to over 22,000 students in grades Pre-K to 12 in 2018–19.

Conclusion

The expansion of SVP services in community schools suggests large potential benefits from school districts connecting students who fail vision screenings directly to eye doctors. Otherwise, low rates of follow-up eye exams in younger grades can lead to unidentified and unmet need for vision services in older grades, especially among disadvantaged students.
How foreign aid and remittances affect poverty in MENA countries?
Authors: Khan Riyazuddin , Zeeshan  , Haque Mohammad Imdadul , Gupta Neha , Tausif Mohammad Rumzi , Kaushik Isha
Published: January 2022

Foreign aid and remittances augment the income of economies. The present study examines the relationship between economic growth, poverty, inequality, remittances, and foreign aid in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries using panel data methods from 1991 to 2019. The study focuses on the MENA region due to the rise in labor immigration and significant foreign aid. The empirical findings reveal that remittances, foreign aid, and economic growth play a significant role in bringing down the MENA region’s poverty levels. Besides, a rise in income share accruing to the lowest quintile is observed despite the negative income growth, which indicates that on average, the income increased more rapidly of the poor in comparison to the non-poor households. Thus, the study finds evidence supporting the hypothesis that remittances and foreign aid augment per capita income and income share in the MENA member countries.
Experimental study of the remediation of acid mine drainage by Maifan stones combined with SRB
Authors: Guo Xuying , Hu Zhiyong , Fu Saiou , Dong Yanrong , Jiang Guoliang , Li Ying
Published: January 2022

The problems of acid mine drainage (AMD) in coal mine acidic wastewaters arise from a range of sources, including severe pollution with heavy metals and SO42- and difficulties during treatment. Based on the ability of Maifan stone to adsorb heavy metals and the dissimilatory reduction of SO42- by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), Maifan stone-sulfate-reducing bacterium-immobilized particles were prepared via immobilization techniques using Shandong Maifan stone as the experimental material. The effects of Maifan stones containing SRB on mitigating AMD were investigated by constructing Dynamic Column 1 with Maifan stone-sulfate-reducing bacterium-immobilized particles and by constructing Dynamic Column 2 with SRB mixed with Maifan stones. By the use of adsorption isotherms, adsorption kinetics, a reduction kinetics model and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies, the mechanism by which Maifan stone-sulfate-reducing bacterium-immobilized particles mitigate AMD was revealed. The results showed that the total effect of Maifan stone-sulfate-reducing bacterium-immobilized particles on AMD was better than that of biological Maifan stone carriers. The highest rates for the removal of Fe2+, Mn2+, and SO42- in AMD were 90.51%, 85.75% and 93.61%, respectively, and the pH value of the wastewater increased from 4.08 to 7.64. The isotherms for the adsorption of Fe2+ and Mn2+ on Maifan stone-sulfate-reducing bacterium-immobilized particles conformed to the output of the Langmuir model. The adsorption kinetics were in accordance with Lagergren first-order kinetics, and the kinetics for the reduction of SO42- conformed to those of a first-order reaction model.
Low-cost electrochemical detection of arsenic in the groundwater of Guanajuato state, central Mexico using an open-source potentiostat
Authors: Bullen Jay C. , Dworsky Lawrence N. , Eikelboom Martijn , Carriere Matthieu , Alvarez Alexandra , Salaün Pascal
Published: January 2022

Arsenic is a carcinogenic groundwater contaminant that is toxic even at the parts-per-billion (ppb) level and its on-site determination remains challenging. Colorimetric test strips, though cheap and widely used, often fail to give reliable quantitative data. On the other hand, electrochemical detection is sensitive and accurate but considerably more expensive at the onset. Here, we present a study on arsenic detection in groundwater using a low-cost, open-source potentiostat based on Arduino technology. We tested different types of gold electrodes (screen-printed and microwire) with anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV), achieving low detection limits (0.7 μg L-1). In a study of arsenic contaminated groundwaters in Mexico, the microwire technique provides greater accuracy than test strips (reducing the median error from -50% to +2.9%) and greater precision (reducing uncertainties from ±25% to ±4.9%). Most importantly, the rate of false negatives versus the World Health Organisation’s 10 μg L-1 limit was reduced from 50% to 0% (N = 13 samples). Arsenic determination using open-source potentiostats may offer a low-cost option for research groups and NGOs wishing to perform arsenic analysis in-house, yielding superior quantitative data than the more widely used colorimetric test strips.
Covid-19 and the quality of life of people with dementia and their carers—The TFD-C19 study
Authors: Daley Stephanie , Farina Nicolas , Hughes Laura , Armsby Elise , Akarsu Nazire , Pooley Joanna , Towson Georgia , Feeney Yvonne , Tabet Naji , Fine Bethany , Banerjee Sube
Published: January 2022

Introduction

COVID-19 has placed unprecedented pressure on dementia health and social care systems worldwide. This has resulted in reduced services and support for people with dementia and their family carers. There are gaps in the evidence on the impact of the pandemic on Quality of Life (QoL). We carried out a study on the impact of the pandemic on the QoL of a group of people with dementia and their family carers who were part of a larger existing cohort study.

Methods

We quantitatively measured QoL, on two occasions during the two national lockdowns in 2020 and compared these data with those obtained when they entered the study (before the pandemic). Measures used included: DEMQOL-Proxy, Clinical Dementia Rating Scale and C-DEMQOL. To understand how QoL changed over time, a repeated measures ANOVA was run for each dependent variable with the following variables entered as co-variates: duration in study, baseline dementia severity, gender of the family carer, gender of the person with dementia, family carer relationship, dementia type, living status, age of the person with dementia, and age of the family carer.

Results

248 participants took part in the study. QoL scores did not significantly decline between either time period for the person with dementia or their family carer. There was variation in subgroups; with co-resident status, carer relationship, gender of the person with dementia, age of the person with dementia, and baseline cognitive status influencing QoL outcomes in family carers.

Discussion

It is striking that people with dementia and their carers did not report a decline in QoL during the pandemic or in the months following restrictions suggesting the possibility of resilience. Variation in subgroups suggests that specific groups of family carers were more vulnerable to lower QoL; indicating the need for more tailored, nuanced support during this period.
Short communication: Tissue distribution of major cannabinoids following intraperitoneal injection in male rats
Authors: Lust Cody A. C. , Lin Xinjie , Rock Erin M. , Limebeer Cheryl L. , Parker Linda A. , Ma David W. L.
Published: January 2022

Currently, peripheral tissue distribution of cannabinoids after treatment is poorly understood. This pilot study sought to examine the early tissue distribution of major cannabinoids 30 minutes following an intraperitoneal injection of vehicle (1:9 Tween 80/SAL), and doses of THC (1 mg/kg) and CBD (5 mg/kg) that are feasible for human consumption in serum, adipose, brain, lung, liver, jejunum, and muscle of male Sprague-Dawley rats. The jejunum and adipose were most enriched in THC. Similarly, CBD was enriched in the jejunum and adipose but also the liver. In contrast, the brain had the lowest concentration of cannabinoids relative to other tissues. The liver had the greatest concentration of the THC metabolites, 11-OH-THC and COOH-THC, compared to all other tissues. Overall, these findings highlight broad tissue distribution and marked differences in tissue concentration not previously appreciated. Thus, as cannabinoid research continues to rapidly grow, consideration of the potential bioactive effects of these molecules in peripheral tissues is warranted in future studies.
Lymphatic filariasis elimination status: Wuchereria bancrofti infections in human populations and factors contributing to continued transmission after seven rounds of mass drug administration in Masasi District, Tanzania
Authors: Lupenza Eliza T. , Gasarasi Dinah B. , Minzi Omary M.
Published: January 2022

Background

Lymphatic filariasis (LF) affects more than 120 million people globally. In Tanzania, nearly six million people are estimated to live with clinical manifestations of the disease. The National LF control program was established in 2000 using Mass drug administration (MDA) of Ivermectin and Albendazole to individuals aged 5years and above. This study assessed the infection status in individuals aged 15 years and above who are eligible for participation in MDA. The level of compliance to MDA and the reasons for non-compliance to MDA were also assessed.

Methods

A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in two villages of Masasi District. A total of 590 participants aged 15 years and above were screened for the circulating filarial antigen (CFA) using the rapid diagnostic test. Night blood samples from CFA positive individuals were further analyzed for detection and quantification of Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaria (Mf) using the counting chamber technique. A pre-tested questionnaire was administered to collect information on compliance to MDA and the factors affecting continued transmission. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 20. Chi-square test was used to compare the prevalence of CFA by gender and village where a P-value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Out of 590 participants, 30 (5.1%) were positive for CFA and one (0.2%) was found positive for microfilaria of Wuchereria bancrofti. Compliance during the last round of MDA, in the year 2019 was 56% which is below the minimum coverage recommended by WHO. Absence from home during MDA and perceptions of being free from hydrocele or elephantiasis were the major reasons for non-compliance.

Conclusion

There is a significant decline in LF transmission in Masasi District after seven rounds of MDA. However, the presence of individuals who are persistently non-compliant may delay elimination of LF in the District.
Nutraceutical profiling of elite onion germplasm and breeding hybrids with improved nutraceutical quality
Authors: Tabussam Najma , Rana Rashid Mehmood , Shah Muhammad Kausar Nawaz , Ahmad Muhammad Sheeraz , Sajjad Muhammad , Lu Yongqiang
Published: January 2022

Onion (Allium cepaL) is a major reservoir of important nutraceutical ingredients. Herein, nutraceutical profiling of elite germplasm was assessed and hybrids with improved nutraceutical quality were selected. The nutraceutical components were screened through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis (scan range 4000-400cm-1) followed by spectrophotometric/colorimetric quantification in oven dried bulb samples. Line × Tester (L×T) analysis was used to identify potential hybrids with better nutraceutical quality. Based on common functional groups obtained from FTIR analysis, as well as bulb color, the onion genotypes were categorized into six groups viz., white, yellowish brown, light brown, dark brown, brown and purplish brown. Results indicated that the purplish brown, yellowish brown and dark brown genotypes had maximum concentration of pyruvic acid, total flavonoids and total phenolic content, while vitamin C content showed weak association with color pigmentation. The onion variety ‘Onion Swat’ contained the highest level of pyruvic acid (17.18 μM) and ‘MKS8823GO’ had the highest vitamin C content (13.83mg/100mL). The L×T analysis revealed that out of 35 crosses, ‘MKS-77127 × Onion Swat’ and ‘MKS-77127 × MKS777’ were the best hybrids with improved nutraceutical quality. Further, observations for specific combining ability, general combining ability, genetic versus environmental variance, heritability and heterosis indicated that the studied parameters were genetically inherited and could be improved significantly by adopting an appropriate breeding strategy.
Identification of hub genes associated with COVID-19 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by integrated bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Chen Qianyi , Xia Shilin , Sui Hua , Shi Xueying , Huang Bingqian , Wang Tingxin
Published: January 2022

Introduction

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in late 2019, was caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The risk factors for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and COVID-19 are reported to be common. This study aimed to determine the potential role of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) common in IPF and COVID-19.

Materials and methods

Based on GEO database, we obtained DEGs from one SARS-CoV-2 dataset and five IPF datasets. A series of enrichment analysis were performed to identify the function of upregulated and downregulated DEGs, respectively. Two plugins in Cytoscape, Cytohubba and MCODE, were utilized to identify hub genes after a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Finally, candidate drugs were predicted to target the upregulated DEGs.

Results

A total of 188 DEGs were found between COVID-19 and IPF, out of which 117 were upregulated and 71 were downregulated. The upregulated DEGs were involved in cytokine function, while downregulated DEGs were associated with extracellular matrix disassembly. Twenty-two hub genes were upregulated in COVID-19 and IPF, for which 155 candidate drugs were predicted (adj.P.value < 0.01).

Conclusion

Identifying the hub genes aberrantly regulated in both COVID-19 and IPF may enable development of molecules, encoded by those genes, as therapeutic targets for preventing IPF progression and SARS-CoV-2 infections.
Research on the Growth of Kids in Goat Breeding with Good Flock Management
Authors: Elmaz Özkan , Beydilli Yasemin , Kahraman Durmuş , Kilinç Merve , Akbaş Aykut Asım
Published: January 2022

This study was carried out to demonstrate the effect of "Good Flock Management" on the growth characteristics of goats. Studies conducted in the province of Burdur in Turkey under "Focused District Development Project". Goat flocks were in Beşkavak village which was selected as a model village, were used in the study. The study was carried out in 2019 in two goat flocks. The birth weights of the male and female kids were determined as 4.04 kg and 3.58 kg and 4.09 kg and 3.52 kg respectively for the first and second flock. On the90th day of the first and second flock, the live weight values of male and female kids were determined as 17.68 kg and 14.17 kg and 19.81kg and 16.94 kg respectively.  Single born kids’ live weight value on the 90th day in flock 1 determined as 15.85 kg.
Sustainable Development Goals In Ecovillages
Authors: Nagy Boglárka Rita , Varga Attila , Sallay Ágnes
Published: January 2022

In 2015 the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs ) were ratified by 195 countries. To be achieved by 2030, the goals aim to transform our world by leaving no one behind. In 2017 the Global Ecovillage Network (GEN) investigated how 30 ecovillages from 5 continents already contributed to the UN SDGs. The results were presented on the 2018 High-Level Political Forum (HLPF). Based on the GEN research outcomes, we examined 17 international Ecovillages. We aimed to understand how ecovillages relate to the UN SDG framework. The research was done with Ecovillages Around the World subject students. Before the analysis, students became acquainted with the SDGs’ targets and their implications in different communities. The research methods were web-content analysis and self-assessment from the ecovillages’ representatives, and the results were compared. The research proved that studied ecovillages already contribute to most SDGs; still, most do not know or intend to use the SDG framework. The results indicate a communication gap between the global political community and local ecovillages. Both global and local efforts aim to support sustainable development, but there could be vast differences in the interpretation of sustainability. Therefore, there is a significant need to establish communication channels and platforms to support the partnership between stakeholder groups working for sustainability at different levels.
Severe Ocrelizumab-Induced Enterocolitis Treated Successfully With Ustekinumab
Authors: Shah Janaki , Al-Taaee Ahmad , Deepak Parakkal , Gremida Anas
Published: January 2022

As biologics have become the mainstay of treatment for many autoimmune diseases, their adverse effects are also being identified and described increasingly in the literature. Colitis associated with biologics is a previously described phenomenon in the literature with anti-CD20 (rituximab). The mechanism was thought to be related to B-lymphocyte depletion. We present a case of severe enterocolitis induced by another anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (ocrelizumab), highlighting a potentially promising therapeutic approach. We performed an extensive literature review and found 4 similar cases. Our case is the first to be salvaged successfully with ustekinumab.
ANÁLISE DA PERCEPÇÃO AMBIENTAL COMO SUBSÍDIO À GESTÃO NO MUNICÍPIO DE PARACURU – CE
Authors: Rocha Cristiano da Silva , Vasconcelos Fábio Perdigão , Casemiro Maria Bonfim , Ribeiro Maryane Andrade , Barra Otávio Augusto de Oliveira Lima
Published: January 2022

A percepção ambiental consiste numa forma de se analisar os problemas ambientais a partir da visão cognitiva dos atores sociais envolvidos, procurando perpassar a mera observação mecanicista e assistemática das questões ambientais. Diante disso, o artigo tem como objetivo geral avaliar a percepção ambiental e suas contribuições para a gestão do município de Paracuru, Ceará. Baseando-se na metodologia proposta por Minayo et al. (2005), foram aplicados 100 questionários relacionados ao universo de 8770 domicílios ocupados de forma permanente. O mesmo procedimento foi executado com a gestão ambiental do município. Os resultados apontaram que, de maneira geral, os agentes reconhecem problemas ambientais e a vulnerabilidade dos ambientes. Por outro lado, os gestores acrescentam como problemas a pressão por carcinicultura ilegal, falta de incentivo à fiscalização ambiental, bem como o cumprimento precário dos critérios para o município licenciar. Além disso, comprovou-se a imprescindível necessidade da participação popular na fiscalização e cobrança das melhorias sociais e ambientais.
FESTIVAL FOLCLÓRICO DE PARINTINS: IDENTIDADES E MULTITERRITORIALIDADES A PARTIR DAS TOADAS DOS BOIS CAPRICHOSO E GARANTIDO
Authors: Campos Fernando Rossetto Gallego
Published: January 2022

O Festival Folclórico de Parintins, marcado pelo confronto simbólico dos bois-bumbás Garantido e Caprichoso, é uma manifestação cultural de grande presença na vida cotidiana parintinense, através de seu espaço de representação. Entretanto, o alcance do evento vai além da escala local, tendo as toadas como uma de suas principais manifestações. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar como as toadas produzem e reproduzem discursos de cunho indentitário e de que forma eles criam e reforçam a construção de multiterritorialidades. As toadas de 2019 foram analisadas a partir da Análise do Discurso e da espacialidade lefebvriana. Conforme a escala de referência discursiva e temáticas, elas foram divididas nas escalas: local; estadual/amazônica; nacional e global. Na escala local, há discursos de identificação com os bois e com Parintins. Na escala estadual/amazônica, discursos tendem a construir uma identidade amazônica partindo de universos simbólicos caboclo e indígena. Na escala nacional, os bois reforçam sua ancestralidade mestiça e se autoafirmam brasileiros e atores da cultura popular do país. Na escala global, preservação da Amazônia, religiosidade e pautas sociais fazem parte da formação discursiva. Os discursos produzidos nas toadas têm como característica articular diferentes escalas e identidades, construindo multiterritorialidades para além do tempo e espaço do Festival.
VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS OF UNDERGROUND AQUIFERS TO CONTAMINATION USING THE DRASTIC METHOD AND RISK DETERMINATION
Authors: Amaral Berenice de Paula , Do Valle junior Renato Farias , Machado Emerson  Ribeiro , Siqueira Hygor Evangelista
Published: January 2022

Groundwater represents an important component in the supply of freshwater in several regions around the world. The contamination of these waters is a worrisome problem in the management of water resources. Since underground aquifers are vulnerable to contamination by human and industrial activities, including land use, the diagnosis associated with land use is critical for environmental management. The present study was carried out in the Uberaba sandstone formation, in which the vulnerability of the subterranean aquifers was determined using the DRASTIC method, by evaluating the interaction between the use and occupation of the land using a geographic information system. Thus, the risk of contamination of the underground aquifer was determined by evaluating the land use with the water quality and fertility. The tool applied in the present study proved effective for the diagnosis, management and action planning in the short and long term, with the intention of preserving these natural resources.
DEFINIÇÃO DAS UNIDADES DE RESPOSTA HIDROLÓGICA NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO SANTA MARIA- RS
Authors: Trentin Romario , Robaina Luís Eduardo de Souza , Laurent François
Published: January 2022

O modelo hidrológico Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) representa um modelo computacional que conjuga uma série de parâmetros físicos e permite simular diversos cenários com variadas condições de manejo do solo e de uso da terra. Este trabalho apresenta uma discussão sobre o método de geração e as características de cada Unidades Hidrológicas geradas no modelo na bacia hidrográfica do rio Santa Maria. A partir das sub-bacias se estabelece os cruzamentos espaciais dos dados de solos, uso da terra, declividade, gerando novas delimitações espaciais chamadas Unidades de Resposta Hidrológica (URH). Para as classes de declividade da área de estudo, foram definidos os limites de 5 e 15%. O mapa base de solos é do IBGE com descrições dos boletins técnicos no Ministério da Agricultura. O uso da terra do IBGE do ano de 2010, sendo que os tipos de usos foram relacionados aos tipos já cadastrados no banco de dados do ArcSWAT. As URHs representam uma combinação do tipo de solo, declividade, uso da terra. Cada sub-bacia apresenta unidades hidrológicas características. A análise das características da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Santa Maria permitiu avaliar que as unidades de respostas hidrológicas geradas representam de forma satisfatória as heterogeneidades presentes.
Documenting Indigenous Knowledge to Identify and Understand the Stressors of Muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) in Nunavut, Canada
Authors: Di Francesco Juliette , Hanke Andrea , Milton Terry , Leclerc Lisa-Marie , Association Kugluktuk Angoniatit , Gerlach Craig , Kutz Susan
Published: January 2022

Indigenous knowledge provides valuable information on wildlife health and ecology, contributing to a broader understanding of the patterns and phenomena observed. Muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus), an important species for the subsistence and culture of Inuit communities in the Arctic, are increasingly exposed to diverse stressors linked to rapid climate change and other anthropogenic changes. Identifying and understanding these stressors and their impacts on muskoxen will inform management, health monitoring, and future research. To achieve this understanding, we documented Indigenous knowledge through seven semi-structured small group interviews, each involving two to three purposely chosen muskox harvesters in Kugluktuk, Nunavut, Canada to (1) establish the characteristics of healthy muskoxen, (2) determine the factors considered to impact muskoxen, and (3) understand, from an Indigenous knowledge perspective, the results from a study on the sex, seasonal, and annual patterns of glucocorticoids (described as “stress hormones” for the purposes of the interviews) in muskox hair. Key outcomes include (1) a more holistic understanding of muskox health and what it encompasses, (2) recognition and exploration of a rich One Health perspective expressed by participants around factors influencing muskoxen in a changing world and highlighting the multiple socioecological connections, and (3) a broader comprehension of the glucocorticoid (stress) patterns measured in muskox hair, the various factors that influence them, and their interrelations. This study represents a meaningful advancement in the process of actively involving communities at all steps of the research and highlights the important contributions Indigenous knowledge can offer to the complex field of wildlife endocrinology research.
Shea (Vitellaria paradoxaC. F. Gaertn.) – a peripheral empire commodity in French West Africa, 1894–1960
Authors: Wardell D.A. , Elias M. , Zida M. , Tapsoba A. , Rousseau K. , Gautier D. , Lovett P.N. , Bama T.
Published: January 2022

Burkinabé women have traded shea kernels and shea butter in periodic local markets, and on a regional scale with the densely-populated West African littoral, for centuries. This paper traces the origins of French colonial efforts to develop shea as a commodity of empire from the 1890s to independence in 1960. Colonial efforts to incorporate Upper Volta, a French colonial backwater, into the world economy was drawn out, heterogenous, and messy. The colonial state assumed erroneously that little shea trade existed, and that producers would respond positively to market incentives. Yet, we suggest that French colonial policies failed due to a composite of factors including the limited investment in either the colony or shea as an oilseed crop, adaptation by women shea producers to the extraction of male labour and the trade opportunities created by new international borders, and the 'blindness' of colonial officials to the economic, social and cultural functions of periodic local markets used by women shea traders. The historical trajectory of the shea trade continues to have implications for current-day shea markets and their actors.
No Effect of a Ketone Monoester on Markers of Stress and Performance in a Live-Burn Search and Rescue in Firefighters
Authors: Waldman Hunter S. , Bryant Andrea R. , Shepherd Brandon D. , Egan Brendan , McAllister Matthew J.
Published: January 2022

Waldman, HS, Bryant, AR, Shepherd, BD, Egan, B, and McAllister, MJ. No effect of a ketone monoester on markers of stress and performance in a live-burn search and rescue in firefighters. J Strength Cond Res 36(3): 763–771, 2022—Firefighters experience a range of stressors that impair performance and elevate the risk for developing cardiometabolic diseases. β-Hydroxybutyrate (βHB) has been shown to mitigate markers of oxidative stress and inflammation and serve as an alternative fuel with implications to physical performance. On 2 occasions in a double-blind, counterbalanced, and crossover design, 14 professional firefighters performed a live-burn, search and rescue (S&R) 30 minutes after ingestion of a ketone monoester (KME; 0.5 g·kg−1) or a placebo (PLA). Dependent variables collected before and after the S&R included salivary markers of stress and inflammation (cortisol, α-amylase, interleukin-1 beta, uric acid), perceptual markers (profile of mood state [POMS]), gastrointestinal distress (GI), rating of perceived exertion [RPE]), time to completion, and capillary blood measurement of βHB and glucose. KME resulted in capillary βHB concentrations of approximately 2.1–3.2 mM throughout the protocol. Capillary glucose concentrations were lower for the KME compared with PLA (∼7%) (interaction effect, p < 0.001). Salivary markers of stress, GI, and time to complete the S&R (∼10 minutes) did not differ between trials, although KME ingestion resulted in significantly higher RPE after the live-burn S&R (KME,6 ± 1; PLA, 4 ± 1). However, POMS data showed the KME also lowered subjective states of nervousness (KME, 0.0 ± 0.0; PLA, 0.6 ± 0.8) and anxiety (KME, 0.0 ± 0.0; PLA, 0.6 ± 0.7) before the S&R (all p < 0.05; large effect sizes). Compared with PLA, ingestion of a KME by firefighters did not mitigate the rise in various markers of salivary stress or impact physical performance during a live-burn S&R. However, differences in RPE and POMS variables were observed, suggesting a possible cognitive role for βHB.
Investigating Causal Genetic Variation in theyellowGene ofDrosophila melanogasteras a Means of Teaching Foundational Molecular Genetic Concepts & Techniques
Authors: Page Robert B. , Crook Matt
Published: January 2022

How genetic variation influences phenotypic variation is of importance to many biological disciplines, including evolutionary biology, biomedicine, and agriculture. Nevertheless, students frequently struggle to make connections across levels of biological organization, which can make it challenging to facilitate understanding of how nucleotide variation gives rise to organismal variation. At the same time, biology students are now expected to gain early experience with cornerstone techniques from molecular biology, so that these skills can be reinforced and expanded upon. Here we describe a five-to-seven-week sequencing project that examines genetic and phenotypic variation in wild-type and yellow-bodied fruit flies and, in the process, exposes students to several foundational techniques in molecular biology. In addition, students analyze partial yellow gene sequences from PCR products using the freely available bioinformatics suite UGENE and in doing so are introduced to core bioinformatics skills. The entire project is framed around the axiom that if the yellow gene controls phenotypic differences in body color between wild-type and yellow-bodied flies, it should be possible to identify causal variation in yellow sequences from wild-type versus yellow-bodied flies. This project relies on guided inquiry and can be used in 1000- or 2000-level molecular biology courses and advanced high school laboratories.
Teaching the Central Dogma through an Inquiry-Based Project Using GFP
Authors: Bujanda Cynthia , Anderson Nadja
Published: January 2022

The Central Dogma is a crucial concept needed to understand biotechnology and molecular biology. High school students often struggle with a meaningful understanding of this abstract concept. This paper presents an inquiry-based approach to increase critical thinking and understanding of the Central Dogma. Commonly used in high school classrooms is Bio-Rad pGLO plasmid containing green fluorescent protein (GFP), because of its accessibility and the fluorescence it emits when exposed to ultraviolet light. We use the expression of GFP in a high school hands-on class project so that students can visualize and understand the abstract concepts of the Central Dogma. Students will also explore protein structure and its importance for a functional protein. During the entire project, students will be guided by the instructor to build hypotheses and design experiments to test those hypotheses, exercising the scientific method.
THE The Realization of Lecturersâ€™ Code-Switching in English Teaching and Learning Process At Dian Nuswantoro Univesity
Authors: Tyas Dyah Ayu Enggaring , Rukmini Dwi , Faridi Abdurrachman
Published: January 2022

This study was focused on the analysis of code-switching occurred in the English teaching and learning process at non-English major class. This study examined the code-switching forms and functions of code-switching in the classroom.

This study focuses on the analysis of code-switching occurred in the English teaching and learning process at non-English department class. This study examines the forms and functions of code-switching in the classroom at the lecturing process of English major as conduced at non-English department of Dian Nuswantoro university. Findings of the study showed that (1) the teaching learning process of non-English department class at Dian Nuswantoro university students employed various kinds of code-switching both by lecturers and the students with the dominant used was inter-sentential code-switching/full sentence code-switching. (2) there were various functions of code-switching utilized by the lecturer and students in the lecturing process, such as put an interjection in the middle of speech, to give emphasis toward certain topic, to repeat the speech, to give more description about certain topic, to talk about particular topic, to soften and straighten the request or command, to exclude others from the discussion, to express group identity, and to quote somebodyâ€™s utterances. Further studies hopefully can explore deeply about code-switching where lecturers teach English department students and uncover the lecturer and studentsâ€™ perception on the occurrence of code-switching as the comparison to this current study.
The Effectiveness of Herringbone and SQ4R as Techniques in Teaching Reading Comprehension to Students with Visual and Auditory Learning Styles
Authors: Nurhidayat Nurhidayat
Published: January 2022

Applying the effective teaching techniques to teach reading comprehension is a must in order to overcome studentsâ€™ obstacles in comprehending a texts. This study tries to analyze the effectiveness of Herringbone and SQ4R to teach reading comprehension to visual and auditory students at SMPN 2 Sedong. This study belongs to quantitative research with quasi-experimental design applying 2 x 2 factorial design with ANOVA. There are two classes chosen as samples; VIII A as the experimental class I and VIII G as the experimental class II. This study revealed that there is no interaction among techniques, reading comprehension, and learning styles in teaching reading comprehension to the visual and auditory students. Herringbone and SQ4R are effective to teach reading comprehension to students with visual and auditory learning styles. Both visual and auditory students had an equal improvement treated with herringbone and SQ4R since there is no significant difference in the improvement between visual and auditory students in reading comprehension treated by herringbone and SQ4R. Conversely, both herringbone and SQ4R had an equal effectiveness to teach reading comprehension to the visual and auditory students since there is no significant difference of effectiveness between herringbone and SQ4R to the visual and auditory students.
The Effectiveness of Team Teaching and Blended Learning Strategies in Speaking Class to Students with Different Personalities
Authors: Mazizah Chilyatul , Suwandi Suwandi , Hartono Rudi
Published: January 2022

The aim of this research is to investigate how effective was the Team-teaching strategy and Blended learning to teach speaking to students with different personality types. This paper showed the result of experimental research on speaking skills to the introvert and extrovert students at Airlines Business Career Semarang. A 2x2 factorial design of experimental research was used to collect the data from 52 students which was divided into two groups; they were experimental group 1 and experimental group 2. They were treated with different strategies: Team-teaching and Blended learning strategies. In the Team-teaching class, there are two teachers taught in one class. Meanwhile, in Blended learning class, the teacher blended the face-to-face meeting and also the online meeting. The instrument of this research was observation checklist, questionnaire, pre-test, and post-test. The data was analyzed using ANOVA to prove the hypotheses. The result showed that Team-teaching was more effective to teach speaking to the students with introvert and extrovert personality. Based on the analysis of ANOVA there were no interaction among team teaching and blended learning strategies, studentsâ€™ personality, and speaking skill
The Use of Portfolio to Assess Studentsâ€™ Learning Autonomy in Enhancing Their Writing Skill: The Case of MA Madarijul Huda
Authors: Mawiliana Putri
Published: January 2022

Abstract___________________________________________________________________This study aims to analyze and explain self- assessment, peer- assessment, and teacher-student conference implementation to enhance the studentsâ€™ writing skills and explore the effect of the portfolio to explain the development of students' learning autonomy. The subject consisted of the eleventh-grade students of Islamic Senior High School Madarijul Huda in Pati regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Observation, interview, document analysis, and questionnaire were used to collect the data. This study found that the three assessment activities in the portfolio could enhance the students' writing skills. First, the self-assessment reflected the students' learning progress. They were honest in correcting the text and confident in completing the task. Second, the peer- assessment allowed the students to get the new academic experiences from their friends. Besides, the students were encouraged to keep the friendship well, more tolerant, and talkative. Third, the group's teacher-student conference inspired the students to build good teamwork, but passive members hindered the cooperation. Some members sometimes relied on the teacher's explanation. The students had an excellent ability to manage collaboration. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows: a) some high achieving students claimed they were autonomous learner before applying portfolio; b) the self- assessment activity could develop the studentsâ€™ learning autonomy; c) students categorized as pro-active learners could play as leaders, problem solvers, and negotiators in the classroom
The Relation Between Florâ€™s Taxonomy and Trosborgâ€™s Modification in Giving Suggestions in Studentsâ€™ Spoken Presentation
Authors: Dwiyanto Agus , Rukmini Dwi , Widhiyanto Widhiyanto
Published: January 2022

Considering the intense presentation activity in the graduate classroom, the use of suggestion turns to be primary in delivering points. This triggered the researchers to study the issue. The primary objective of this study is to explain the relation between Florâ€™s (2005) suggestion taxonomy and Trosborgâ€™s (1995) suggestion modification through the realization of speech acts of suggestion. The study applied a descriptive qualitative research method in which the data were gathered by using Oral Discourse Completion Task (ODCT). The participants of the study were 15 EFL students of a graduate program of a university in Semarang. The responses then were analyzed based on Florâ€™s (2005) suggestion taxonomy and Trosborgâ€™s (1995) suggestion modification coding scheme. The results revealed that there were 146 suggestions produced. Conventionalized forms were realized more frequently than other Florâ€™s taxonomies. Furthermore, negative imperative was the most used indirect strategy. The subjects realized more specific formulae of the most in conventionalized forms. The indirect strategy was realized equally. Politeness marker was used more frequently while grounder claimed the highest findings in external modification. The relation between the taxonomy and modification showed that direct taxonomy and external modification was the highest relation found in the suggestion realization. It is expected that this research can give profound contributions to university students, English teachers, and other fellow researchers to develop further research related to suggestion speech acts. At last, it is suggested that English teachers particularly are to raise EFL learnersâ€™ pragmatic awareness by implementing appropriate teaching approach and method.
The Realization of Hedges and Boosters in Trump's and Clinton's Utterances in The US Presidential Debates in 2016
Authors: Kusumawati Henny , Rukmini Dwi , Mujiyanto Januarius
Published: January 2022

Hedges and boosters are crucial metadiscourse markers to soften and strengthen the proposition. Presidential candidates also rely on hedges and boosters to draw the publics' intentions. This study aims to explore the use of hedges and boosters in Trump's and Clinton's utterances in the US presidential debates in 2016. Accordingly, discourse analysis was adopted in this present study to find out the realization of types and functions of hedges and boosters as well as the differences and similarities of the occurrences of hedges and boosters between those two candidates based on the taxonomies of Salager-Meyer (1997), Demir (2017), Rabab'ah and Rumam (2015) and Hyland (2005). The strategy was elaborated into six sub-research questions to find out types, functions, differences, and similarities of hedges and boosters. The data were obtained from the transcript of the debates. The findings reveal that the seven types of hedges and six types of boosters were discovered in the utterances of Trump and Clinton. Associated with the functions of hedges and boosters, it shows that Trump and Clinton tend to use hedging devices to mitigate their claims by showing some kind of uncertainty. Boosters also applied to put emphasis on the value of the truth of their statements. It was discovered that Trump used more boosters and Clinton used more hedging devices as well.
The Appraisals Used by Indonesian and Filipino Teachers in Casual Conversation
Authors: Sari Rachel Kartika , Mujianto Januarius , I. R. Agustien Helena
Published: January 2022

The Appraisal system is a comprehensive framework that prominently accommodates word classification. These words reflect the feelings and attitudes of the speakers that might implicitly be influenced by culture and norms. To find out the differences and similarities, transcribed conversations of Indonesian and Filipino teachers in Maria Regina School were analyzed. A qualitative method is applied to interpret the findings. The manifestation of attitude, judgment, and graduation are classified accordingly based on Martin and White (2005). The finding of this research is then supported and related to the values and culture that ground the way teachers express appraisal in conversation. The result indicates that teachers are dominant in the engagement system, especially entertain items. These items reflect kinship and open discussion among teachers through questions and the use of modals. In the attitude systems, Filipino teachers are more dominant in positive security that reflect confidence and togetherness while positive happiness items are found in Indonesian teachers where they express their fascination and contentment. Indonesian teachers tend to express judgment of normality while Judgement of capability was expressed more by Filipino teachers. In the graduation system, teachers mostly use force intensification to express the degree of intensity, repetition, and quality. The significance of the research is, the readers will learn to be more considerate in expressing their feeling and emotion in casual talk, especially with people who have different backgrounds of culture.