bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stress-related transcriptomic changes associated with GFP transgene overexpression and active transgene silencing in plants
Authors: Kallemi Paraskevi , Verret Frederic , Andronis Christos , Ioannidis Nikolaos , Glampedakis Nikolaos , Kotzabasis Kiriakos , Kalantidis Kriton
Published: May 2023

Plants respond to biotic and abiotic stress by activating and interacting with multiple defense pathways, allowing for an efficient global defense response. RNA silencing is a conserved mechanism of regulation of gene expression directed by small RNAs important in acquired plant immunity and especially virus and transgene repression. Several RNA silencing pathways in plants are crucial to control developmental processes and provide protection against abiotic and biotic stresses as well as invasive nucleic acids such as viruses and transposable elements. Various notable studies have shed light on the genes, small RNAs, and mechanisms involved in plant RNA silencing. However, published research on the potential interactions between RNA silencing and other plant stress responses is limited. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that spreading and maintenance of systemic post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) of a GFP transgene are associated with transcriptional changes that pertain to non-RNA silencing-based stress responses. To this end, we analyzed the structure and function of the photosynthetic apparatus and conducted whole transcriptome analysis in a transgenic line of Nicotiana benthamiana that spontaneously initiates transgene silencing, at different stages of systemic GFP-PTGS. In vivo analysis of chlorophyll a fluorescence yield and expression levels of key photosynthetic genes indicates that photosynthetic activity remains unaffected by systemic GFP-PTGS. However, transcriptomic analysis reveals that spreading and maintenance of GFP-PTGS are associated with transcriptional reprogramming of genes that are involved in abiotic stress responses and pattern- or effector-triggered immunity-based stress responses. These results suggest that systemic PTGS may interact with non-RNA silencing-based defense pathways in N. benthamiana.
Surmounting Challenges of Structure and Configuration Assignment for Trace Novel Flexible Hetero-Tetra/Trimeric Furancarboxylic Acid
Authors: Puno Pema-Tenzin , Tang Jian-Wei , Hu Kun , Zhang Liang , Su Xiao-Zheng , Gao Han , Sun Handong , Wang Sibao , Lei Xinxiang
Published: May 2023

Structure elucidation of novel compounds with high flexibility and trace amount is among the hardest tasks in natural product research. In the present study, trace metabolites-targeted LSC strategy was applied for Penicillium sp. sh18 to provide two types of novel scaffolds, heterotetrameric FcA, pentetrafuranone A (1) and heterotrimeric FcA, pentrifuranones A and B (2 and 3). The flexibility and sample shortage obstruct the accessibility to crystallographic and chemical modification methods to determine their structures. Furthermore, the complexity of the structure and the presence of an uncommon "conditional chiral center", coupled with the permutation of NMR data, made conventional techniques ineffective. To overcome these challenges, a combinational method with extensive NMR analysis, including pure-shift 1H NMR, LR-HSQMBC, and multi-step conformational sampling method coupled with spatial sensitive parameters RDC and QID, and fc-rDG/DDD approaches was employed to establish the planar structures and cross-validate their configurations. In addition, antimalaria activity was evaluated and 2 exhibits significant inhibitory effect against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 at asexual blood-stage with IC50 of 0.72 µM. The present study offers new scaffolds that exhibit significant antimalaria activity. Moreover, it showcases how spatially sensitive-based analytical strategies can serve as a crystallography-independent approach for assigning structure and configuration of intricate natural products.
Selenoprotein W engages in overactive osteoclast differentiation in multiple myeloma
Authors: Jeong Daewon , Kim Hyunsoo , Oh Jiin , Kim Min Kyoung , Lee Kyung Hee
Published: May 2023

Patients with multiple myeloma exhibit malignant osteolytic bone disease due to excessive osteoclast formation and function. We recently identified that osteoclastogenic stimulator selenoprotein W (SELENOW) is upregulated via ERK signaling and downregulated via p38 signaling during receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κΒ ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation. In the intrinsic physiological process, RANKL-induced downregulation of SELENOW maintains proper osteoclast differentiation; in contrast, forced overexpression of SELENOW leads to overactive osteoclast formation and function. In this study, we observed that SELENOW is highly expressed in multiple myeloma-derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and mature osteoclasts when compared to healthy controls. Also, the level of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), a pathological osteoclastogenic factor, is increased in the PBMCs and serum of patients with multiple myeloma. ERK activation by TNFα was more marked and sustained than that by RANKL, allowing SELENOW upregulation. Excessive expression of SELENOW in osteoclast progenitors and mature osteoclasts derived from multiple myeloma facilitated efficient nuclear translocation of osteoclastogenic transcription factors NF-κB and NFATc1, which are favorable for osteoclast formation. In summary, our findings suggest a possibility that feedforward signaling of osteoclastogenic SELENOW by TNFα derived from multiple myeloma induces overactive osteoclast differentiation, leading to bone loss during multiple myeloma.
Overexpression of okra transcription factor AeWRKY31 enhanced cold resistance of Arabidopsis by promoting ABA biosynthesis and inhibiting ROS generation
Authors: Zhu Zhipeng , Yu Jian-Xiang , Liu Fang-Fang , Zhu De-Wei , Xiong Ai-Sheng , Sun Miao
Published: May 2023

The changing climate leads to frequent low-temperature events, resulting in lower crop yields worldwide. Plant growth and development are regulated by WRKYs, as well as a variety of defense responses, including salt, drought, and extreme temperature stress. Here, a transcription factor AeWRKY31 was obtained from Abelmoschus esculentus and overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. Molecular localization and self-transactivation assays revealed AeWRKY31 to be a nuclear localized protein with a self-transactivation property. Subsequently, AeWRKY31 activated the expression of AtABA1, AtABA2, and AtNCED6, and promoted endogenous ABA accumulation, which induced stomata closure of AeWRKY31 overexpression Arabidopsis. Histochemical staining and ROS content determination demonstrated that AeWRKY31 expression inhibited the accumulation of H2O2 and O2- and decrease electrolyte leakage of Arabidopsis. Meanwhile, relative expression levels of cold-response genes were upregulated in AeWRKY31 overexpression lines compared to WT. Finally, AeWRKY31 overexpression Arabidopsis lines showed enhanced cold tolerance in vivo and in vitro experiments. Our findings will benefit molecular breeding and cold resistant mechanism investigation of okra.
A study on the effect of unilateral strength training intervention on lower limb asymmetry in college basketball players
Authors: chen JiaWei , Yi ZiLin , Tian Da
Published: May 2023

Asymmetries in the limbs of athletes are common and can affect and limit athletic performance in training and competition, leading to a potential risk of injury.Improving asymmetries through targeted training can improve an athlete's performance and prevent injury.The aim of this study was to examine the presence of functional asymmetry in the lower limbs of young basketball players and to test whether a specific unilateral strength training programme was effective in reducing this asymmetry.
Methods: mainly experimental and measurement methods are used.The study was conducted on 36 male participants of the Chinese University Basketball League, who were measured and evaluated for body size, strength and balance indexes. 18 athletes with lower limb asymmetry were randomly selected for a 12-week unilateral strength training intervention.
Research findings: The test showed that the difference in the dimension and morphology of the upper and lower limb muscles of the male participants in the China University Basketball League tested was less than 2cm;Significant differences (p<0.05) in grip strength indicators between the right and left sides, and greater in the right hand than in the left;Significant differences in indicators of vertical ground reaction force and vertical upstroke between the left and right lower limbs in the single-leg vertical jump, with the left leg outperforming the right leg;In the Y-balance test, 53.16% of the subjects had a difference in anterolateral reach (>4cm) between the left and right sides, 55.89% had a difference in medial posterior reach (>6cm) between the left and right sides and 89.82% had a difference in lateral posterior reach (>6cm) between the left and right sides.
Conclusion：(1) There is asymmetry of limbs in male participants of the China University Basketball League. The greatest differences in circumference indicators between the left and right sides of the upper and lower limbs were observed, while asymmetry in other indicators was not obvious. Asymmetry in strength indicators between the two sides of the limbs is mainly reflected in grip strength, dynamic balance ability and lower limb explosive strength.(2) 10 weeks of unilateral strength training was effective in improving lower limb explosive strength, maximal strength and quick strength, as well as lower limb asymmetry in male participants of the China University Basketball League.(3) The reduction of lower limb asymmetry in male participants in the China University Basketball League can significantly improve explosive power and balance. These results confirm that unilateral strength training exercises can counteract/reduce the degree of asymmetry in the lower limb strength of young basketball players.
Two styles of Neoarchean slab subduction revealed by mantle oxygen fugacity
Authors: Liu Shuwen , Gao Lei , Wang Wei , Cawood Peter , Sun Guozheng , He Xin , Hu Yalu
Published: May 2023

Subduction of oceanic lithosphere is widely invoked for the Neoarchean but the thermal and geometrical configurations of the inferred subduction zones remain poorly constrained. Two Neoarchean subduction-related tectonic belts (A and B) with contrasting lithotectonic evolutions are preserved in the North China Craton. In Belt A, the oxygen fugacity of ca. 2.6-2.5 Ga modified mantle from crustal recycling-related basalts is coincident with modern arc mantle, but that of Belt B is more reducing. Based on the relationship between mantle redox state and slab dip from contemporary arcs, the dip of subducting oceanic lithosphere in Belt A was in a relatively steep dip (~50°), whereas Belt B had a low angle dip (~15°). These belts represent contrasting styles of Neoarchean subduction with significant differences in mantle temperature and redox state, lithosphere thickness and slab dip.These discoveries further refine our insights into Archean slab subduction and the early Earth’s geodynamic evolution.
Efficacy of Repeated Low-Level Red Light (RLRL) therapy on myopia outcomes in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Youssef Mohamed , Shehata Ahmed , Ragab Mohamed , Moataz Ahmed , Fahmy Hoda , Fawzy Rehab , Taha Ahmed
Published: May 2023

Background Myopia is the most prevalent form of refractive error that has a major negative impact on visual function and causes blurring of vision. We aimed to determine if Repeated Low-Level Red Light (RLRL) treatment is beneficial in treating childhood myopia in terms of axial length (AL), spherical equivalent refraction (SER), and sub foveal choroidal thickness (SFCT).Methods This systematic review was performed on RLRL for treatment of myopia in Children compared to singe vision spectacles (SVS). We employed the search strategy with key terms myopia and low-level light therapy then we searched PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases. The mean differences (MD) were used to evaluate the treatment effects. Heterogeneity was quantified using I2 statistics and explored by sensitivity analysis.Results Five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in our meta-analysis with a total of 833 patients, 407 in treatment group and 426 in control group. At a 3 month follow up period, pooled studies show a statistical difference in AL between RLRL and SVS group (MD = -0.16; 95% CI [-0.19, -0.12], SER (MD = 0.33; 95% CI [0.27, 0.38]), and SFCT (MD = 43.65; 95% CI [23.72, 45.58]). At a 6 month follow up period, pooled studies show a statistical difference in AL between RLRL and SVS group (MD = -0.21; 95% CI [-0.28, -0.15]), SER (MD = 0.46; 95% CI [0.26, 0.65]), and SFCT (MD = 25.07; 95% CI [18.18, 31.95]). At a 12 month follow up period, pooled studies show a statistical difference in AL between RLRL and SVS group (MD = -0.31; 95% CI [-0.42, -0.19]) and SER (MD = 0.63; 95% CI [0.52, 0.73]).Conclusion This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis investigating evidence supporting the efficacy of 650 nm RLRL for myopia control in the short term of 3, 6, and 12 months follow up. The present review revealed the clinical significance of RLRL as a new alternative treatment for myopia control with good user acceptability and no documented functional or structural damage. However, the effect of long-term RLRL treatment and the rebound effect after cessation require further investigation.
An Anatomical Study of Left Coronary Artery and Its Variations :A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Ranjan Alok , Mehta Vandana
Published: May 2023

PURPOSE
The branching pattern of the left coronary artery (LCA) presents with multitude of variance. Thus, the ischemic area due to a myocardial infarction can be different among patients, this study is done to find out what are the various anatomic variations in left coronary artery? Hence this study is done to is to study left coronary artery variations in cadaveric hearts especially in origin and branching pattern.
METHODS
This study utilized 30 cadaveric heart specimens. Selection of cadaveric Hearts were not based on age and sex. The location and number of orifices in the aortic cusps, branching patterns and course of the LCA and the dominant patterns wereobserved.
RESULTS
The LCA after arising from the left posterior aortic sinus (LPAS), its main trunk ran forwards between the pulmonary trunk and the left auricle, and then in the left atrioventricular groove in all the 30 Cadavers. Bifurcation seen in 20(66.6%), trifurcation in 8(26.6%) and quadrifurcation in 2(6.6%). Right dominance was seen in 19(64%) specimens while left dominance was seen in 11(36.6%) heart specimens. Myocardial bridging was seen in four hearts (13%) involving left anterior descending artery.
CONCLUSION: The study of coronary arteries is necessary for the cardio-thoracic surgeons. Awareness of the anatomy of coronary vessels and its variations is necessary for revascularisation during coronary artery bypass grafting.
Ho3+ doped MgAl2O4 nanophosphors: Photoluminescence, Electrochemical sensor and Photocatalytic studies
Authors: SN Manjula , M Chandrasekhar , MR Anil Kumar , R Ravikumar C , V Bhoomika , hadi Faranak , HC Ananda Murthy , H Nagabhushana
Published: May 2023

Ho3+ doped MgAl2O4 nanophosphors were synthesized in a series (1 to 11 mol%) using ODH fuel driven combustion and low temperature assistance. The band gap energies (Eg) were found to be in range from 4.86 to 5.42 eV. These values were confirmed by employing DFT technique and found to closely match with the experimental values. The PL characteristic emission peaks of Ho3+ ions were found between 406 and 605 nm due to various transitions from 4F7/2→6P3/2 caused by f-f transitions of Ho3+ ions in the host triggered at 406 nm. The 97% colour purity and CIE coordinates that occur in the orange red to yellow zone of the optimized MgAl2O4 phosphors. Fast orange red dye was found to be activated at 493 nm in UV light by studying the photocatalytic capabilities of NPs under UV light. The novel photocatalysts have been demonstrated to work with MgAl2O4:Ho3+ nanophosphors to remove the dye Fast orange red (F-OR). Following a 120-minutes exposure to radiation, the experiment demonstrated 89.02% dye decolorization. The lead pollutant was detected using the cyclic voltammetric (CV) method with a modified MgAl2O4:Ho3+ carbon paste electrode. Finally, we conclude that, based on electrochemical performance, MgAl2O4:Ho3+ nanophosphor is a useful sensing electrode material for an element like lead.
Identification of TNF-related gene subtypes, development of a prognostic model and exploration of the tumor immune landscape in gastric cancer
Authors: Gao Shuyang , Yu Yantao , Ma Yue , Ding Jianyue , Yao Qing , Zou Jiacheng , Li Jie , Sun Qiannan , Ren Jun , Wang Liuhua , Wang Daorong
Published: May 2023

Background
Gastric cancer (GC) is a common cancer in the world, with a high prevalence in East Asia. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is considered a high correlation to the development of tumor. This study aim to establish a prognostic model based on TNF-related genes (TNFRG), and to analyze the role of TNFRG in immune function.
Method
RNA sequencing data and information on clinical features of GC samples were extracted from TCGA-STAD and GEO (GSE84437) databases. Molecular and gene subtypes were identified and derived out using unsupervised clustering analysis. Prognostic models were determined and constructed later by univariate and multivariat cox regression, and LASSO regression. Reliability of prognostic models was verified using ROC curves and Kaplan-Meier analysis. The nomogram was used to quantify the probability of survival. Immune-related functions were analyzed using CIBERSORT and ssGSEA. Finally, RT-qPCR determined the expression of risk genes in GC.
Result
We confirmed two molecular subtypes and three gene subtypes by two clustering analyses. Both molecular cluster A and gene cluster C had higher levels of immune cell infiltration and better prognosis than others. A prognostic model comprised of four risk genes was constructed, which had different responses to TME, immune checkpoints, immune scores, immune cell infiltration and chemotherapy drug sensitivity, respectively.
Conclussion
This study enhances our understanding of TNFRG in GC, and provides a theoretical basis for predicting tumor prognosis and clinical treatments.
Lipoic acid can provide homeostasis of reactive oxygen species and induce ascorbate and glutathione biosynthesis in osmotic stressed maize
Authors: GUMRUKCU Sebahat Duygu , TERZI Rabiye , Güler Neslihan Saruhan
Published: May 2023

Lipoic acid (LA), an incomparable antioxidant compound, can stimulate antioxidant defense system in plants subjected to abiotic stresses. Here, we aimed to determine the relation between LA, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and biosynthesis of ASC and GSH in osmotic stressed maize seedlings. ROS, ASC and GSH levels were diminished by using N, N’-dimethylthiourea (DMTU), a ROS scavenger, acriflavine (AF), an inhibitor of ASC biosynthesis and L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis, respectively. The seedlings were grown in pots containing Hoagland Nutrient solution for 21 days. The pots were divided into nine groups consisting of a non-stressed group (NS), Mock (PEG alone), LA free DMTU, BSO and AF treatments and LA combined Mock, DMTU, BSO and AF treatments under PEG-induced osmotic stress. ROS content of the LA combined DMTU treatment did not return to the content of NS treatment and there were moderate reductions in ROS contents of the LA combined treatments. LA, GSH and ASC contents and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR)) reduced when ROS, GSH and ASC levels were decreased by the scavenger and inhibitors. However, LA combined scavenger and inhibitor treatments alleviated all these reductions. Additionally, the relative expression levels of SOD, CAT1 and APX1 genes were consistent with the findings of the antioxidant enzyme activities. These results revealed that lowering ROS, GSH and ASC levels causes the decrease in LA content deteriorating the ROS homeostasis in osmotic stressed maize. Exogenous LA can provide ROS homeostasis and thus induce ASC and GSH biosynthesis to strengthen the antioxidant defense system.
The association of healthy eating index with tooth loss in NHANES 2011– 2012
Authors: Zhu Jianing , Song Hongquan
Published: May 2023

Background/Aims: Although it has been shown that a daily diet can affect tooth loss in previous studies,no studies have examined the impact of healthy eating index (HEI) on tooth loss. We aim to analyze the relationship between HEI and tooth loss.
Methods: During 2011 and 2012, NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) data were analyzed.In order to test whether the healthy eating index is independently related to tooth loss, multivariate logistic regression models were developed. We analyzed association using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs ).
Results: The scores of seafood and plant proteins(OR = 0.922, 95% CI: 0.871–0.976, P = 0.008),added sugars(OR = 0.922, 95% CI: 0.887–0.958, P < 0.001) and total vegetables(OR = 0.890, 95% CI: 0.762–1.000, P =0.050) were all significantly consociated with tooth loss. An individual with a low HEI are more likely to lose teeth.Multivariate regression models revealed a relationship between a higher HEI and a reduced tooth loss (OR = 0.397, 95% CI: 0.263–0.601, P < 0.001). Further,never smoking has a protective effect against tooth loss(OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.38–0.70, P < 0.001). Also, older adults over 60 more likely to loss of teeth(OR = 9.18, 95% CI: 6.67–12.64, P < 0.0001).
Conclusion: There is some connection between tooth loss and dietary structure in the study. Those with a higher healthy eating index lost fewer teeth. In the future, longitudinal, prospective studies will be needed to confirm these findings.
Comparative analysis of particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10) and trace gases (SO2, NO2, O3) in between satellite derived data and ground based instruments
Authors: Mushtaq Zainab , Bangotra Pargin Singh , Sajad Samreen , Gautam Alok Sagar , Sharma Manish , Singh Karan , Kumar Yogesh , Jain Poonam , . Suman , Gautam Sneha
Published: May 2023

The present 12 weeks (4 October 2021 to 26 December 2021) study emphasizes on examining the various air quality parameters i.e. PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2 and O3 over four different sampling stations i.e. Dwarka (28°32' ,28°38' N ,77°0' ,78°8' E) Knowledge Park III (29.496152°N, 77.536011°E), Sector125 (28.5438° N, 77.3310° E) and Vivek Vihar (28.6712° N, 77.3177° E) using ground-based instruments and satellite remote sensing observation (MERRA-2, OMI and Aura Satellite). The ground based observation shows the mean concentrations of PM2.5 in Dwarka, Knowledge park III, Sector 125, and Vivek Vihar as 279 µg m-3, 274 µg m-3, 294 µg m-3, and 365 µg m-3 respectively. The ground based instrumental concentrations of PM2.5 and O3 were higher than the satellite observations, while as for SO2 and NO2, the mean concentration of satellite based monitoring was higher as compared to others pollutants. A very strong correlations were observed among PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2 and O3. A negative and positive weak correlation were observed among pollutant and various meteorological parameters. It has been observed that the wind direction is one of the most prominent parameter to alter the variation of these pollutants. Overall, the present study provides an insight into the noticeable behavior in air pollutants loading trends and, in general, is in less agreement with that relating the findings with those recently recounted by satellite observations.
The Design and Evaluation of Novel Ananimated Captcha Schemes Based on Humans’ Natural Vision Capabilities
Authors: Arain Rafaqat Hussain , Shaikh Riaz Ahmed , Shah Safdar Ali , Shah Sajjad Ali , Rafique Saima
Published: May 2023

CAPTCHAs are ubiquitously found on the web these days. It is most commonly used security mechanism against bots. Numerous design variants of static text-based CAPTCHAs were proposed and implemented on the internet over the years. However due to advancements in machine learning and image processing techniques they were proved vulnerable against automated attacks. In this research a new and robust animated CAPTCHA scheme is presented which is based on human’s natural vision capabilities. The newly designed CAPTCHAs are user friendly for humans but extremely hard for bots. The security and usability is kept in mind while designing these CAPTCHAs. Various types of characters, patterns and filters are used to protect them against automated attacks. Overall, 20 types of animated CAPTCHAs are designed in this work. Further in this research, a group of participants have evaluated the usability of newly designed CAPTCHAs and solved with an average success rate of 76.85%. The analysis has proved that the proposed scheme is very much usable for humans and extremely difficult for bots.
Assessment of the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Revised Impact of Miscarriage Scale (RIMS): a validity and reliability study
Authors: Nespoli Antonella , Fumagalli Simona , Mosconi Laura , Bonaiuti Roberto , Vannacci Alfredo , Ravaldi Claudia
Published: May 2023

Background Miscarriage is a traumatic life event that involves over forty thousand Italian women every year. Women affected by this loss can have long-term psychological consequences. For this reason, it is paramount to identify women at risk of developing such complications to ensure they receive proper support. The aim of this study is to perform a translation into Italian and a validation of the Revised Impact of Miscarriage Scale (RIMS), which is a valuable support for healthcare professionals to assess women after a miscarriage.Methods Double-translation technique was performed. A sample of 665 women completed the survey for the validation process which included RIMS, the Perinatal Grief Scale (PGS) and NSESSS. These last two instruments are usually used to assess the impact of perinatal loss on women’s life.Results The Italian version of RIMS (RIMS-IT) has good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha value 0,89). Factor analysis was conducted to confirm the construct validity and three factors were extracted. They reflected the factorial analysis of the original version. Scores of RIMS, PGS, and NSESSS were strongly correlated.Conclusions RIMS-IT can be a valuable support for clinicians and researchers to identify women at risk of developing psychiatric symptoms and to analyse factors involved in the onset of these complications.
Neuroleptics used in critical COVID associated with moderate- severe dyspnea after hospital discharge
Authors: Junior Carlos Toufen , de Almeida Gustavo Corrêa , Pompeo José Eduardo , de Carvalho Celso Ricardo Fernandes , de Carvalho Carlos Roberto Ribeiro
Published: May 2023

Background Dyspnea is a central symptom in patients with long-term COVID, both because of frequency and clinical impact. The effect of the drugs most used in critically ill patients on long-term dyspnea is not known. The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors and impacts associated with moderate to severe dyspnea in COVID-19 survivors.Methods Patients admitted to a university hospital between April 2020 and April 2021 were evaluated. It was collected data associated with clinical preconditions, hospital and ICU stay, use of corticosteroids, neuroleptics, neuromuscular blockers, midazolam, fentanyl, and noradrenaline. After hospital discharge, patients were evaluated in 1 and 12 months. In the evaluations, dyspnea, frailty, quality of life, functional capacity, anxiety and depression were measured. Descriptive statistics in the form of frequencies and percentages and a logistic regression analysis were done to assess the factors associated with moderate to severe dyspnea after 1 and 12 months from hospital discharge and statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.Results 100 patients were prospectively included, with 100 patients underwent the 1-month evaluation and 63 underwent the 12-month evaluation. Presented with limiting dyspnea (defined as mMRC score > 1) 56.6% of patients after 1 month and 33.9% after 12 months. Independent factors associated with limiting dyspnea 1 month after hospital discharge were the total dose of neuroleptics used during hospitalization and the presence of comorbidities prior to hospitalization. Use of corticosteroids, neuromuscular blockers, midazolam, fentanyl, and noradrenaline were not associated with limiting dyspnea. Dyspnea 1 month after hospital discharge was an independent risk factor for the occurrence of limiting dyspnea 12 months after discharge. Patients with limiting dyspnea 12 months after discharge showed more depression, anxiety and frailty, and had lower quality of life and functionality.Conclusions Patients with long-term severe COVID have a high frequency of limiting dyspnea. The total dose of neuroleptics used in hospital and the presence of comorbidities were independently related to the presence of limiting dyspnea after hospital discharge. After 12 months, patients who maintained limiting dyspnea presented in high frequency with other physical and mental dysfunction that should be evaluated and treated in the aim of reducing the burden of disabilities.
Decreased Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2A Binding in the Human Postmortem Essential Tremor Cerebellum: Evidence of Reduction in Synaptic Density
Authors: Yang Yanghong , Zheng Chao , Chen Baosheng , Hernandez Nora C. , Faust Phyllis L. , Cai Zhengxin , Louis Elan D. , Matuskey David
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveDespite being one of the most prevalent neurological diseases, the pathophysiology of essential tremor (ET) is not fully understood. Neuropathological studies have identified numerous degenerative changes in the cerebellum of ET patients, however. These data align with considerable clinical and neurophysiological data linking ET to the cerebellum. While neuroimaging studies have variably shown mild atrophy in the cerebellum, marked atrophy is not a clear feature of the cerebellum in ET and that a search for a more suitable neuroimaging signature of neurodegeneration is in order. Postmortem studies in ET have examined different neuropathological alterations in the cerebellum, but as of yet have not focused on measures of generalized synaptic markers. This pilot study focuses on synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A), a protein expressed in practically all synapses in the brain, as a measure of synaptic density in postmortem ET cases.MethodsThe current study utilized autoradiography with the SV2A radioligand [18F]SDM-16 to assess synaptic density in the cerebellar cortex and dentate nucleus in three ET cases and three age-matched controls.ResultsUsing [18F]SDM-16, SV2A was 53% and 46% lower in the cerebellar cortex and dentate nucleus, respectively, in ET cases compared to age-matched controls.ConclusionFor the first time, usingin vitroSV2A autoradiography, we have observed significantly lower synaptic density in the cerebellar cortex and dentate nucleus of ET cases. Future research could focus onin vivoimaging in ET to explore whether SV2A imaging could serve as a much-needed disease biomarker.
PDZK1 protects against mechanical overload-induced chondrocyte senescence and osteoarthritis by targeting mitochondrial function
Authors: Cai Daozhang , Zhang Haiyan , Zhang Hongbo , Guan Hong , Pan Haoyan , Qi Weizhong , Ynag lingfeng , Yin Jianbin , Shao Yan , Liu Liangliang , Lu Yuheng , Zhang Sheng , Wang Guiqing , Bai Xiaochun
Published: May 2023

Mechanical overloading and aging are two essential factors for osteoarthritis (OA) development. Mitochondria has been identified as a mechano-transducer situated between extracellular mechanical signals and chondrocyte biology, but its role and mechanism in mechanical stress-associated chondrocyte senescence and OA is not elucidated. Herein, we found that PDZK1, one of the PDZ proteins which belongs to NHE Regulatory Factor (NHERF) family, is a key factor in biomechanically induced mitochondria dysfunction and chondrocyte senescence during OA progression. PDZK1 is reduced by mechanical overload, and is decreased in articular cartilage of OA patients, aged mice, and OA mice. Knockout of Pdzk1 in chondrocytes aggravates mechanical overload-induced cartilage degeneration, whereas intraarticular injection of adeno-associated virus-expressing Pdzk1 had a therapeutic effect. Moreover, we found loss of PDZK1 impaired chondrocytes mitochondria function with accumulated damaged mitochondria, decreased mtDNA content and increased production of reactive oxygen species. Supplementary of PDZK1 or mitoQ alleviated chondrocyte senescence and cartilage degeneration and significantly protected chondrocyte mitochondrial functions. MRNA sequencing in articular cartilage from Pdzk1KO mice and controls showed that PDZK1 deficiency in chondrocytes interference with mitochondrial function through binding and inhibiting Hmgcs2. Our results suggest that PDZK1 deficiency plays a crucial role in mediating excessive mechanical load induced chondrocyte senescence and is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Overexpression of PDZK1 or preservation mitochondrial functions by MitoQ might present a new therapeutic method for mechanical overload induced OA.
Development Of An Automated Steerable Radio Telescope.
Authors: Dutta Pritam , Saraswat Rushil
Published: May 2023

The paper presents an innovative approach towards the design and construction of a steerable radio telescope with an automated control system. The telescope uses a combination of motors and sensors to steer towards celestial objects of interest, with the ability to track moving targets such as satellites. The authors detail the technical specifications of the telescope, including its radio frequency range, sensitivity, and accuracy, and discuss the challenges encountered during its development. This research paper is highly relevant to the field of astrophysics as radio telescopes play a critical role in studying the properties of the universe. The development of an automated steerable radio telescope presents new opportunities for data collection and analysis, allowing astronomers to observe the universe more efficiently and effectively. The paper demonstrates the application of physics principles, such as mechanics and electromagnetism, in the design and operation of the telescope. The findings of this study can contribute to further research in astrophysics, including studies of the cosmic microwave background, radio galaxies, and other extragalactic sources. Overall, the development of an automated steerable radio telescope represents a significant advancement in the field of astrophysics and presents new avenues for research and discovery in the coming years.
A rare subtype of McCune-Albright syndrome in a 5.4 years old girl: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Kudsi Mohammed Sami , Kudsi Muhammad Anas , Hammal Alaa , Ibrahim Amna , Alhussein Hachem
Published: May 2023

Background McCune–Albright syndrome (MAS) is a rare sporadic disease Characterized by café-au-lait lesions and hyperfunctional endocrinopathies and bone fibrous dysplasia with estimated prevalence ranges between 1/100,000 and 1/1,000,000. This subtype of McCune-Albright is very rare and forms 1% of the of all cases.Case presentation We present an atypical case of McCune–Albright syndrome missing fibrous dysplasia in a 5.4 years old girl that manifest with recurrent vaginal bleeding, initially diagnosed as precocious puberty. On clinical examination large skin pigmentation was noted on the back, X-ray revealed no radiolucent lesions in numerous bones which excludes Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia and makes the diagnosis dependent on the other 2 out of 3 features: Café-au-lait skin pigmentation and Autonomous endocrine hyperfunction (which represented in this case as a precocious puberty). The patient was treated successfully with letrozole and after 5 months of follow-up, she stopped having vaginal bleeding.Conclusions McCune-Albright syndrome can presents without fibrous dysplasia and the physician must be able to detect the syndrome in cases of vaginal bleeding and café-au-lait spots in young females. Additionally following-up and surveillance are necessary to detect other manifestations of the syndrome that might appear subsequently.
STEAM-Based Integrated Curriculum: Perceptions and Practices of School Head Teachers
Authors: Koirala Kamal Prasad
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to find out the present status of integrated curriculum (grades 1–3) with experience to support transformative learning practice at the school level. The national and locally prepared curriculum for purposing to teach the integrated curriculum with transformative learning theory was reviewed in different contexts. This study followed a critical case study design under a qualitative, transformative, and participatory methodology. This study was carried out at Gorkha district selecting the three schools and headteachers. Themes were determined based on observation and interview data. The finding indicates that the present revised STEAM-based integrated curriculum tried to provide holistic, transformative learning practice by enhancing students' knowledge, skills and entrepreneurship capacity to culturally diverse students. However, headteachers and other teachers could not successfully develop an enthusiasm for its perfect implication in the school education system. Concrete professional training could support the implication of a newly revised STEAM-based integrated curriculum.
Life history strategies and niches of soil bacteria emerge from interacting thermodynamic, biophysical, and metabolic traits
Authors: Brodie Eoin , Marschmann Gianna , Tang Jinyun , Zhalnina Kateryna , Karaoz Ulas , Cho Heejung , Le Beatrice , Pett-Ridge Jennifer
Published: May 2023

To comprehensively represent the diverse traits found in soil microbiomes in biogeochemical models, it is crucial to leverage information from microbial genomes. This can be achieved by incorporating microbial traits into a theory-based hierarchical framework, allowing for emergent behavior to occur through trait interactions. Here, we combined theory-based predictions of substrate uptake kinetics with a new genome-informed trait-based dynamic energy budget model to predict life history traits and trade-offs of soil bacteria. These bacteria play a critical role in determining the long-term fate of soil carbon through the biochemical transformation of plant root-derived carbon. Without calibration, and using only genome-derived microbial parameters, the model successfully predicted substrate preferences during plant growth and captured resource-dependent trade-offs between growth rate (power) and growth efficiency (yield) that are fundamental to microbial fitness and carbon retention in soil. This approach provides a generalizable data-driven foundation for the trait-based representation of microorganisms in biogeochemical models.
Time-dependent global attractor for the nonclassicalreaction-diffusion equations with linear memory
Authors: jin jundong
Published: May 2023

In this article, we consider the long-time behavior of solutions for the nonclassical reaction-diffusionequations with linear memory when the forcing term g(x) ∈ H −1 (Ω) and the nonlinear function satisfies thecritical exponent growth. Within the theory of process on time-dependent spaces, we first investigate the exis-tence of the time-dependent attractor by using the operator decomposition technique and the compactness of thetranslation theorem, and then we obtain the regularity of the time-dependent global attractor.
A Predictive Model for Evaluating Efficacy of Immunotherapy in Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Yu Hai-Hong , Zeng Jun-Quan , Yuan Jin-Hua , Liang Jia , Liu Bin
Published: May 2023

The predictive accuracy to treatment effect of immune therapy is still poor. Thus, we aimed to develop a predictive model based on gene mutations to assess the immunotherapeutic efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer. Then, 335 NSCLC patients treated with ICIs were included in our study. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression model, multivariable analysis, and Kaplan-Maire test were used in this study. In the end, we constructed a predictive model based on a 42-gene signature. Patients were classified into low-risk and high-risk groups based on risk scores generated from this model. Compared with patients in the high-risk group, patients in the low-risk group had better survival. The results were confirmed in an external validation cohort. Moreover, patients with high TMB and in the high-risk group could not benefit from ICIs. A predictive model of evaluating efficacy of immune therapy was developed and validated. The model is based on multiple genetic information and has clinical translational value.
Balloon angioplasty for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm
Authors: Demartini Zeferino , Maeda Adriano Keijiro , Frizon Leonardo Almeida , Requejo Flavio , Guimaraes Ricardo Munhoz da Rocha , Mattozo Carlos Alberto , Cardoso-Demartini Adriane
Published: May 2023

Objective Cerebral vasospasm, or delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), is a subarachnoid hemorrhage complication that increases morbidity and mortality. DCI treatment with balloon percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in adults is well known, but data in preschool children are scarce because of its rarity. In addition, the smaller diameters and fragility of the vessels in childhood might lead to complications. This study presents two cases of DCI in children treated with balloon angioplasty. Therefore, it may contribute to a better understanding of the role of PTA as an effective treatment modality in this population.Methods Two children (3 and 5-year-old) with DCI were treated with balloon PTA after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.Results Both patients survived without complications or new infarction.Conclusions Balloon angioplasty for proximal DCI may improve clinical outcomes in selected pediatric patients. Further studies are needed to clarify the best candidates, materials and techniques.
Exercise combined with postbiotics treatment results in synergistic improvement of mitochondrial function in the brain of male transgenic mice for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Kolonics Attila , Bori Zoltán , Torma Ferenc , Abraham Dora , Fehér János , Radak Zsolt
Published: May 2023

Background It has been suggested that exercise training and postbiotic supplement could decelerate the progress of functional and biochemical deterioration in double transgenic mice overexpresses mutated forms of the genes for human amyloid precursor protein (APPsw) and presenilin 1 (m146L) (APP/PS1TG). Our earlier published data indicated that the mice performed better than controls on the Morris Maze Test parallel with decreased occurrence of amyloid-β plaques in the hippocampus. We investigated the neuroprotective and therapeutic effects of high-intensity training and postbiotic supplementation.
Methods Thirty-two adult APP/PS1 TG mice were randomly divided into four groups: 1. control, 2. high-intensity training 3. postbiotic, 4. combined (training and postbiotic) treatment for 20 weeks. In this study, the whole hemibrain without hippocampus was used to find molecular traits explaining improved brain function. We applied qualitative RT-PCR for gene expression, Western blot for protein level, and Zymography for LONP1 activity. Disaggregation analysis of Ab-40 was performed in the presence of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum lysate.
Results We found that exercise training decreased Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)-related gene expression (NF-kB) that was not affected by postbiotic treatment. The preparation used for postbiotic treatment is composed of tyndallized Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Both of the postbiotics effectively disaggregated amyloid-β/Aβ-40 aggregates by chelating Zn2+ and Cu2+ ions. The postbiotic treatment decreased endogenous human APPTG protein expression and mouse APP gene expression in the hemibrains. In addition, the postbiotic treatment elevated mitochondrial LONP1 activity as well.
Conclusion Our findings revealed distinct mechanisms behind improved memory performance in the whole brain: while exercise training modulates NF-kB signaling pathway regulating immune response until postbiotic diminishes APP gene expression, disaggregates pre-existing amyloid-β plaques and activates mitochondrial protein quality control in the region of brain out of hippocampus. Using the above treatments complements and efficiently slows down the development of AD.
Reinforcement effect of STF on impact properties of aramid, basalt, and carbon fiber reinforced polymer using SHPB
Authors: huang zhiping , Wei Minghai , Chen Junyu , Gu Wanjin , Zhu Fang
Published: May 2023

The objective of this research is to characterize the high strain rate impact performance of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) impregnated with shear thickening fluid (STF) by using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test. Three types of FRP with aramid, basalt, and carbon fibers are prepared, followed by impregnated with 15 wt.% STF and 20 wt.% STF to develop FRP composited materials (FRP-STF), respectively. The results demonstrate that STF impregnated significantly enhances the high strain rate impact performance for the AFRP, BFRP, and CFRP. Nevertheless, the enhancing effect is different for different types of FRP. Under 3800 s-1, when the mass fraction of STF is 20%, the increase rate of BFRP stress peak is the highest, reaching 58.9%. However, the best increase of energy absorption peak is AFRP, reaching 226.8%. Under 6100 s-1, the stress response of AFRP-20%STF is the best, and the energy absorption peak of CFRP-20%STF reaches 710.5 J, about 2.3 times that of pure CFRP. This is also reflected in the energy absorption per unit density curve. The results also show three FRPs have significant strain rate effects, especially on the energy absorption peak. The maximum increase rates are 101.9%, 710.7%, and 1070.5%, respectively.
Identification of Potential Lead Compound as Promising SARS Covid-2 Inhibitors Using Structure Based Drug Design
Authors: KR Kavya , V Ajeesh
Published: May 2023

SARS-CoV−2 has surpassed other coronaviruses in transmission rate, reproduction number, and global deaths, but its case fatality rate remains low. The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV−2 interacts to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to promote fusion between the S protein and the human cell membrane, boosting the infectivity of the virus. The virtual screening of plant flavonoids offers fresh insight for the treatment of covid, while the majority of allopathic medicines have failed to totally recover. In this study, we sought to develop an alkaloid that can interact competitively with the catalytic regions of SARS COV 2 binding proteins, TMPRSS2 and inhibit the growth of the covid virus.