bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of intracranial lesions using accelerated 3D T1 MPRAGE with wave-CAIPI technique: comparison with conventional 3D T1 MPRAGE
Authors: Lee Eun Jung , Kim Min Gu , Chung Mi Sun , Kim Seon-Ok , Byun Jun Soo , Yim Younghee
Published: December 2022

We aimed to evaluate the agreement in the diagnosis of intracranial lesions between conventional pre-contrast 3D T1 magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo (MPRAGE) and wave-CAIPI (wave-controlled aliasing in parallel imaging) MPRAGE. Institutional review board approval was obtained and informed consent was waived for this retrospective study. We included 149 consecutive patients who had undergone brain MR with both conventional MPRAGE (scan time: 5 min 42 s) and wave-CAIPI MPRAGE (scan time: 2 min 44 s) from February to June 2018. All images were independently reviewed by two radiologists for the diagnosis of intracranial lesion and scored image quality using visual analysis. One technician measured signal-to-noise ratio. The agreement for diagnosis of intracranial lesion was calculated, and the intra- and interobserver agreements were analyzed by using kappa value. For the diagnosis of intracranial lesion, the conventional and wave-CAIPI MPRAGE demonstrated 99.7% of agreement (297 of 298) in the pooled analysis with very good agreement (k = 0.994). Intra- and inter-observer agreement showed very good (k > 0.9 in all) and good (k > 0.75) agreement, respectively. In the quantitative analysis, the signal-to-noise ratio had no difference (P > 0.05 for all). The overall image quality was poorer in images of wave-CAIPI MPRAGE (P < 0.001), but motion artifact had no difference between two sequences (P = 0.06). Compared to conventional MPRAGE, pre-contrast 3D T1 wave-CAIPI MPRAGE achieved higher agreement for the diagnosis of intracranial lesions and reduced the scan time by approximately 50%.
Explainable machine learning framework for predicting long-term cardiovascular disease risk among adolescents
Authors: Salah Haya , Srinivas Sharan
Published: December 2022

Although cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, over 80% of it is preventable through early intervention and lifestyle changes. Most cases of CVD are detected in adulthood, but the risk factors leading to CVD begin at a younger age. This research is the first to develop an explainable machine learning (ML)-based framework for long-term CVD risk prediction (low vs. high) among adolescents. This study uses longitudinal data from a nationally representative sample of individuals who participated in the Add Health study. A total of 14,083 participants who completed relevant survey questionnaires and health tests from adolescence to young adulthood were chosen. Four ML classifiers [decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and deep neural networks (DNN)] and 36 adolescent predictors are used to predict adulthood CVD risk. While all ML models demonstrated good prediction capability, XGBoost achieved the best performance (AUC-ROC: 84.5% and AUC-PR: 96.9% on testing data). Besides, critical predictors of long-term CVD risk and its impact on risk prediction are obtained using an explainable technique for interpreting ML predictions. The results suggest that ML can be employed to detect adulthood CVD very early in life, and such an approach may facilitate primordial prevention and personalized intervention.
Design of ionic liquids containing glucose and choline as drug carriers, finding the link between QM and MD studies
Authors: Kalhor Sepideh , Fattahi Alireza
Published: December 2022

Designing drug delivery systems for therapeutic compounds whose receptors are located in the cytosol of cells is challenging as a bilayer cell membrane is negatively charged. The newly designed drug delivery systems should assist the mentioned drugs in passing the membrane barriers and achieving their targets. This study concentrated on developing novel ionic liquids (ILs) that interact effectively with cell membranes. These ILs are based on glucose-containing choline and are expected to be non-toxic. The binding energies of the known pharmaceutically active ionic liquids were calculated at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level in the gas phase and compared with those of our newly designed carbohydrate-based ionic liquids. Subsequently, we employed MD simulations to obtain information about the interactions of these known and designed ILs with the cell membrane. In our approach, we adopted QM and MD studies and illustrated that there could be a link between the QM and MD results.
Corporate social responsibility, debt financing cost and enterprise innovation
Authors: Yao Jing-jing , Qi Yi-ang , Guo Bing
Published: December 2022

Based on the data of A-share listed companies in China from 2016 to 2020, this study empirically analyzes the relationship among corporate social responsibility, debt financing cost and enterprise innovation by constructing a regulated mediation effect model. The results show that enterprises perform social responsibility actively can enhance the level of enterprise innovation. Besides, debt financing cost plays a part of the intermediary role between corporate social responsibility and enterprise innovation. It is found that market competition degree positively regulates the relationship between corporate social responsibility and enterprise innovation, and market competition degree strengthens the part of the intermediary effect of debt financing cost. The conclusions not only help to reveal the impact mechanism of corporate social responsibility on enterprise innovation, but also provide empirical evidence for promoting enterprises to actively assume social responsibility, improve the level of innovation, and provide empirical evidence for the government to formulate corresponding policies according to the degree of competition in different markets.
Blood glucose sensing by back gated transistor strips sensitized by CuO hollow spheres and rGO
Authors: Farahmandpour Milad , Haghshenas Hassan , Kordrostami Zoheir
Published: December 2022

In this work, a highly sensitive flexible glucose sensor based on a field effect transistor (FET) has been fabricated. It is shown that the proposed flexible transistor can be used as new non-enzymatic blood glucose test strips. CuO hollow-spheres decorated with reduced graphene oxide have been synthesized using the hydrothermal method. The shells of the hollow micro-spheres are formed by nanostructures. The synthesized nanostructured hollow micro-spheres (rGO/CuO–NHS) are deposited on a flexible PET substrate between interdigitated electrodes as the channel of a back gate transistor. The channel concentration and the FET bias are optimized so that the sensor exhibits extremely low limit of detection and high sensitivity. The combination of selective porous CuO hollow spheres and the high surface to volume ratio of their nanostructured shells with the high mobility and high conductivity rGO led to faster and higher charge-transfer capability and superior electro-catalyst activity for glucose oxidation. The glucose-dependent electrical responses of the sensor is measured in both resistive and transistor action modes. The amplification of the current by the induced electric field of the gate in the proposed FET-based biosensor provides advantages such as higher sensitivity and lower limit of detection compared to the resistive sensor. The flexible glucose sensor has a sensitivity of 600 μA μM−1and a limit of detection of 1 nM with high reproducibility, good stability, and highly selectivity. The high accuracy response of the biosensor towards the real blood serum samples showed that it can be used as a test strip for glucose detection in real blood samples.
Avatar led interventions in the Metaverse reveal that interpersonal effectiveness can be measured, predicted, and improved
Authors: Nagendran Arjun , Compton Scott , Follette William C. , Golenchenko Artem , Compton Anna , Grizou Jonathan
Published: December 2022

Experiential learning has been known to be an engaging and effective modality for personal and professional development. The Metaverse provides ample opportunities for the creation of environments in which such experiential learning can occur. In this work, we introduce a novel interpersonal effectiveness improvement framework (ELAINE) that combines Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality to create a highly immersive and efficient learning experience using avatars. We present findings from a study that uses this framework to measure and improve the interpersonal effectiveness of individuals interacting with an avatar. Results reveal that individuals with deficits in their interpersonal effectiveness show a significant improvement (p < 0.02) after multiple interactions with an avatar. The results also reveal that individuals interact naturally with avatars within this framework, and exhibit similar behavioral traits as they would in the real world. We use this as a basis to analyze the underlying audio and video data streams of individuals during these interactions. We extract relevant features from these data and present a machine-learning based approach to predict interpersonal effectiveness during human-avatar conversation. We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings to build beneficial applications for the real world.
Effect of external isometric hip rotation force on lower extremity muscles activities during pelvic drop with different hip positions
Authors: piran Roghayeh Jalil , Babakhani Farideh , Balouchi Ramin , Hatefi Mohamadreza
Published: December 2022

Gluteus medius muscle (Gmed) dysfunction has been confirmed as a functional defect in subjects with Genu Valgum Deformity (GVD). The purpose of this study was to determine whether the change in the positions of hip rotation and applying isometric hip external rotation during pelvic drop (PD) can affect muscles activity in subjects with GVD. A total of thirty recreational female athletes with (n = 15) and without (n = 15) GVD participated in this study. Surface electromyography measured Gmed, tensor fascia latae (TFL), and quadratus lumborum (QL) muscles activity when subjects performed PD in three different positions of hip rotations with and without applied isometric hip external rotation force. There were differences in muscle activity between GVD and healthy subjects. The Gmed/TFL and Gmed/QL muscles activity ratio altered while placing the hip in different rotation positions and applying isometric load. The lower extremity muscles’ activity is affected by GVD, and changing the positions of the hip rotation in the PD task can be associated with altered muscle activity in both GVD and healthy Groups. However, applying isometric hip external rotation during PD can be suggested as an effective intervention to increase Gmed activity.
Streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's disease investigation by one-dimensional plasmonic grating chip
Authors: Kadhim Hussam Jawad , Al-Mumen Haider , Nahi H. H. , Hamidi S. M.
Published: December 2022

Recently, there has been significant interest in researching brain insulin resistance as it has been hypothesized that it may play a role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is brain dementia that contributes to damage to the neuron cells and then patient death. This dementia is ranked as the fifth more dangerous disease in the world. Streptozotocin (STZ) is used to induce Alzheimer’s disease experimentally. STZ is toxic to the pancreatic beta cells and induces insulin resistance. Neuroplasmonin techniques have been used to investigate the ability of STZ on the activity of cultured neuron cells. Neuroplasmonic is a novel technology that combines nanotechnology and biosensor. This technique has been used to record neuron signals in vivo and in vitro. Also, it has many facilities such as label-free detection, real-time analysis, biological compatibility, small sample, high throughput, and low detection limit. In this paper, we introduce a one-dimensional electro-plasmonic nanograting platform that consists of a straight nanorod of gold embedded in a dielectric layer of polycarbonate. The chip is connected with an externally applied voltage to induce tunable PIT and increase the sensor sensitivity. To evaluate the sensing performance of the electro-plasmonic sensor, this chip was cultured with Human Nucleus Pulposus Cells (HNPC). The first step was to measure the neuron cell activity in a healthy case. The next step was to measure the activity of neuron cells injected with different concentrations of STZ (0.5, 1, 2 mM) to induce the formation of Alzheimer’s disease in the cultured neuron cells. The results indicated that the electro-plasmonics sensor had a high sensitivity to the cells' activity and showed good results for the effecting STZ on the neuron cell’s activities.
Effects of ligand tuning and core doping of atomically precise copper nanoclusters on CO2 electroreduction selectivity
Authors: Ding Mei , Tang Li , Ma Xiaoshuang , Song Caixia , Wang Shuxin
Published: December 2022

Atomically precise nanoclusters (NCs) provide opportunities for correlating the structure and electrocatalytic properties at atomic level. Herein, we report the single-atom doping effect and ligand effect on CO2electroreduction (eCO2RR) by comparing monogold-doped Au1Cu24and homocopper Cu25NCs protected by triphenylphosphine or/and tris(4-fluorophenyl)phosphine. Catalytic results revealed that the electronic distribution of Cu25NCs is enormously contracted by doping Au atoms, entitling it to exhibit the unique inhibition of hydrogen evolution reaction. And the inductive effect of ligand strongly favors the formation of formate in eCO2RR. Overall, this work will provide guidance for the rational design of the copper-based catalysts in the eCO2RR.
Modern Urea Synthesis
Authors: Styring Peter , Ghavam Homa
Published: December 2022

Urea is an important chemical compound used predominantly in the agricultural industry as a nitrogen-based fertilizer, while having many other applications in various industries. The main impediment to producing urea in a sustainable manner is fossil fuels being the main feedstock for its production and its energy intensive process. Therefore, sustainable design principles need to be adopted for green urea synthesis. For this to occur, based on the theory of change, sustainability in the production of the hydrogen (H2) required for ammonia (NH3) and the NH3 needed for urea synthesis must take place. Unsustainability throughout each stage of the integrated H2-NH3-urea production process is the main problem associated with current urea production methods. In this study, a review of various sustainable H2 and NH3 production technologies required for sustainable urea production has been carried out. The reviewed technologies are in the early stages of development and are yet to be adopted into industrial level production.
Homogeneous CO2 Hydrogenation
Authors: Ferrer J. , Passarelli V. , Carmona D.
Published: December 2022

This contribution will focus on the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to formic acid or methanol using homogeneous catalysts, mostly transition metal complexes, and molecular dihydrogen as the reductant. Homogeneously catalysed indirect reduction of carbon dioxide via hydrogenation of intermediates such as formamides, carbonates, carbamates and ureas is also considered. The proposed mechanisms for these transformations are revised.
Methane Dry Reforming
Authors: Hanf S. , Angeli S. , Dussol D. , Fritsch C. , Maier L. , Müller M. , Deutschmann O. , Schunk S. A.
Published: December 2022

Dry reforming of methane (DRM) is considered to be one of the most promising key technologies in the context of a successful carbon dioxide management, since CO2 and CH4 can effectively be utilised to obtain a syngas with a low H2/CO ratio. CO-rich syngas mixtures are an important feedstock for various petrochemical products, such as formic acid, acetic acid, polycarbonates, phosgene, dimethyl ether and oxo products. However, the high endothermicity of the DRM process and the strong deactivation tendency of the DRM catalysts under industrially relevant reaction conditions, mainly driven by sintering and coking, make the industrial large-scale realisation of the DRM process challenging. To overcome these issues, research focussed on catalyst design strategies to prevent coking and sintering, either by targeting the design of the environment of active metal species or by the modification of specific properties of the support material.
Artificial Photosynthesis for Production of Solar Fuels and Chemicals
Authors: Kargul J. , Izzo M. , Jacquet M.
Published: December 2022

Conversion of solar energy into electric and ultimately chemical energy is undoubtedly a very attractive solution for the global energy problem. Artificial photosynthesis provides a highly promising approach to solve the energy gap problem since it aims to match or even outperform the natural photosynthesis process in efficiencies of solar energy conversion into chemicals and fuel. Concomitantly, it provides a technological solution for mitigation of climate change through the design and development of systems for direct conversion of CO2 into renewable fuels and chemicals. Efficient artificial photosynthesis systems assemblies rely on the perfect functional match of molecular assemblies capable of absorbing the wide spectrum of sunlight, converting solar energy into electrochemical potential energy and ultimately, transforming it into storable chemical energy. This is not a trivial task since light-harvesting, charge separation and charge transfer should be finely controlled at each step of the conversion process to reach the highest efficiencies. Here, the concept of artificial photosynthesis, its underlying molecular principles, critical bottlenecks to overcome and major advancements in the field are critically overviewed with the emphasis on the best performing photoelectrochemical CO2 conversion systems based on inorganic, synthetic, biomolecular, and biological assemblies.
Real-time measurement of the trans-epithelial electrical resistance in an organ-on-a-chip during cell proliferation
Authors: Liu Jinlong , Zhao Wenjie , Qin Meiyan , Luan Xiaofeng , Li Yuang , Zhao Yang , Huang Chengjun , Zhang Lingqian , Li Mingxiao
Published: December 2022

A more sensitive TEER detection method during cell proliferation has been developed with a real-time detection system and a whole-region model.
Simultaneous colorimetric detection of nephrolithiasis biomarkers using a microfluidic paper-based analytical device
Authors: Janrod Manassawee , Srisa-Art Monpichar
Published: December 2022

A microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) coupled with colorimetric detection was developed for simultaneous determination of urinary oxalate, citrate and uric acid (UA) which are important biomarkers of nephrolithiasis or kidney stones.
Prebiotic inulin nanocoating for pancreatic islet surface engineering
Authors: Tang Jianghai , Chen Xuanjin , Shi Hang , Zhang Mingming , Zhou Zhimin , Zhang Chuangnian , Ke Tingyu , Kong Deling , Li Chen
Published: December 2022

Pancreatic islet surface engineering has been proposed as an “easy-to-adopt” approach to enhance post-transplantation islet engraftment for treatment against diabetes.
Hybrid photocathode based on a Ni molecular catalyst and Sb2Se3 for solar H2 production
Authors: Garcia-Osorio D. Alicia , Shalvey Thomas P. , Banerji Liam , Saeed Khezar , Neri Gaia , Phillips Laurie J. , Hutter Oliver S. , Casadevall Carla , Antón-García Daniel , Reisner Erwin , Major Jonathan D , Cowan Alexander J
Published: December 2022

Here we demonstrate the feasibility of high efficiency Sb2Se3 photocathodes for hydrogen evolution using precious metal free Ni cocatalysts.
Drug self-framework delivery system-coated gold nanorods for multi-modal imaging and combination therapy for breast cancer
Authors: Hou Shenglei , Zhang Yuan , Lian Meng , Xie Xin , Lu Qinghua , Zhang Qiqing
Published: December 2022

An intelligent multifunctional core-shell Au NRs @DSFDSs NPs was constructed with multi-modal FL/NIR-II PT/NIR-II PA imaging ability, and synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy for the monitoring and suppression of tumor growth.
Nickel-catalyzed sulfonylative coupling of 2-chlorobenzothiazoles with sulfinates at room temperature
Authors: Zhu Haibo , Zhang Yingying , Ren Gaowen , Wang Yaoqi , Meng Jia , Fan Qiangwen , Xie Zongbo , Le Zhang-Gao
Published: December 2022

A general Ni-catalyzed direct sulfonylative coupling of 2-chlorobenzothiazoles and sodium sulfinates has been successfully developed for the synthesis of various 2-sulfonylthiazoles with high efficiency at room temperature.
THz mobility and polarizability: impact of transformation and dephasing on the spectral response of excitons in a 2D semiconductor
Authors: Quick Michael T. , Ayari Sabrine , Owschimikow Nina , Jaziri Sihem , Achtstein Alexander W.
Published: December 2022

We introduce a response theory based transformation for excitonic polarizability into mobility, which allows an in-depth analysis of optical pump-THz probe conductivity experiments, and compare the results with those of a conventional oscillator model.
First-principles study of room-temperature ferromagnetism in transition-metal doped H-SiNWs
Authors: Arora Hemant , Samanta Arup
Published: December 2022

Transition-metal doped hydrogen-saturated silicon nanowires (H-SiNWs) are most attractive materials for nano-spintronic devices.
Locating the hydrogen atoms in endohedral clusterfullerenes by density functional theory
Authors: Li Bo , Lou Lei , Jin Peng
Published: December 2022

Density functional theory calculations were used to locate the exact position of unpredictable hydrogen atoms inside endohedral clusterfullerenes and correct the Sc4C2H@Ih(7)-C80structure.
An empirical experimental investigation on the effect of an external electric field on the behaviour of laser-induced cavitation bubbles
Authors: Phukan Arindom , Kharphanbuh Sanchia M. , Nath Arpita
Published: December 2022

The difference in energy conversion percentage of laser energy to cavitation bubble energy is highest in case of acetone liquid media.
Halogen engineering of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites displaying nonlinear optical, fluorescence properties and phase transition
Authors: Teri Gele , Jia Qiang-Qiang , Ni Hao-Fei , Wang Jun-Qin , Fu Da-Wei , Guo Qiang
Published: December 2022

In order to meet the needs of social development, increasing research attention has been paid to multifunctional molecular-based phase-transition materials.
Occurrence, removal efficiency and exposure assessment of bisphenols in drinking water treatment plants
Authors: Yu Yalin , Song Zuodong , Zhu Zhiliang , Yin Daqiang , Qiu Yanling
Published: December 2022

Bisphenols (BPs) are prevalent in various environmental media and have endocrine-disrupting effects as well as biological toxicity, so it is necessary to study the occurrence of BPs in drinking water.
Smart green CQD@SiO2hybrid coated optical fiber manifesting dual versatile absorptive and MIP features towards epinephrine detection
Authors: Azargoshasb T. , Parvizi R. , Bozorgzadeh F. , Navid H. Ali , Heidari H.
Published: December 2022

Smart functional layer of silica-supported carbon dots coated optical fiber biosensor realizing the concepts of both lossy mode resonance (LMR) and molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for epinephrine detection.
Interlayer exciton landscape in WS2/tetracene heterostructures
Authors: Thompson Joshua J. P. , Lumsargis Victoria , Feierabend Maja , Zhao Quichen , Wang Kang , Dou Letian , Huang Libai , Malic Ermin
Published: December 2022

In a joint theoretical–experimental study, we shed light on the optical properties of intra- and interlayer excitons at a tetracene/TMD interface. We explore the role of phonons on the photoluminescence spectra in these heterostructures.
Probing impact of interface mixing on the charge carrier dynamics of a solution-processed organic light emitting diode via impedance spectroscopy
Authors: Kim Ji Soo , Kwon Soon-Hyung , Kim Youn Sang
Published: December 2022

The impedance spectroscopy analysis is utilized to probe the modifications of charge carrier dynamics arising from interface mixing in a solution-processed organic light emitting diode.
Biomimicry-inspired fish scale-like Ni3N/FeNi3N/NF superhydrophilic/superaerophobic nanoarrays displaying high electrocatalytic performance
Authors: Dong Yucheng , Wu Yutai , Wang Xuyun , Wang Hui , Ren Jianwei , Wang Peng , Pan Lei , Wang Guoqiang , Wang Rongfang
Published: December 2022

This figure illustrates the electrolysis system at the fish body, power supply at the tail and the cathode (HER)/anode (UOR) catalyzed the designed catalysts with the superhydrophilic and superaerophobic properties at two shark fins.
Diboron reagents in the deoxygenation of nitrones
Authors: Vargas Emily L. , Franco Mario , Alonso Inés , Tortosa Mariola , Belén Cid M.
Published: December 2022

B2nep2 efficiently cleaves the N–O bond of nitrones through a concerted mechanism to form imines in very high yields via a simple, efficient and scalable protocol. Typical radical traps like DMPO and TEMPO are also deoxygenated by diboron reagents.
Direct formylation of phenols using difluorocarbene as a safe CO surrogate
Authors: Feng Cong-Cong , Zhang Song-Lin
Published: December 2022

A convenient method of formate synthesis is reported using in situ difluorocarbene as a safe CO surrogate, involving sequential O-difluoromethylation followed by α-C–F functionalization.
Biosynthetic characterization of the antifungal fernane-type triterpenoid polytolypin for generation of new analogues via combinatorial biosynthesis
Authors: Li Xin-Yu , Lv Jian-Ming , Cao Zhi-Qin , Wang Gao-Qian , Lin Fu-Long , Chen Guo-Dong , Qin Sheng-Ying , Hu Dan , Gao Hao , Yao Xin-Sheng
Published: December 2022

Characterization of polytolypin biosynthesis and generation of new polytolypin analogues via combinational expression of three new fernane cyclases with tailoring enzymes.
Introduction to synthetic electrochemistry: new tricks for an old discipline
Authors: Lam Kevin , Minteer Shelley D. , Poole Darren L.
Published: December 2022

Guest Editors Kevin Lam, Shelley D. Minteer and Darren L. Poole introduce the Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry themed issue on synthetic electrochemistry.
AIn3Si4P9 (A = Ca, Sr): quaternary phosphides with double-helix structures exhibiting high laser-induced damage thresholds
Authors: Zhang Ming-Shu , Liu Bin-Wen , Jiang Xiao-Ming , Guo Guo-Cong
Published: December 2022

Two novel quaternary nonlinear optical phosphides AIn3Si4P9 (A = Ca, Sr) with a unique double-helix structure are reported for the first time, resulting in a high laser-induced damage threshold, ∼7 times that of benchmark AgGaS2.
Making multi-twisted luminophores produce persistent room-temperature phosphorescence
Authors: Shen Shen , Baryshnikov Glib V. , Xie Qishan , Wu Bin , Lv Meng , Sun Hao , Li Zhongyu , Ågren Hans , Chen Jinquan , Zhu Liangliang
Published: December 2022

Engineering pRTP of multi-twisted arenes through compatible host–guest (H/G) singlet–singlet and triplet–triplet energy transfers. Moreover, the photoactivation in prolonging pRTP lifetime is the first reported photoactivation in ordered H/G systems.
NIR-excited upconversion nanoparticles used for targeted inhibition of Aβ42 monomers and disassembly of Aβ42 fibrils
Authors: Guan Yijia , Cao Weijie , Li Tao , Qin Jieyi , He Qilong , Jia Xiaofeng , Li Yuqing , Zhang Yuhua , Liao Jianguo
Published: December 2022

Herein, we designed and constructed functional upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs@SiO2-ThS), which can not only inhibit the aggregation of Aβ42 monomers, but also disassemble Aβ42 fibrils under the irradiation of near-infrared (NIR) light.
A self-gelling starch-based sponge for hemostasis
Authors: Huang Wenjie , Wu Juan , Huang Zhenhua , Zhang Dong , Chen Fangping , Liu Changsheng
Published: December 2022

Uncontrolled bleeding remains one of the direct causes of high mortality. There is an urgent need to develop emergency hemostats capable of coping with uncontrolled bleeding.
Cholesterol oxidase-immobilized MXene/sodium alginate/silica@n-docosane hierarchical microcapsules for ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensing detection of cholesterol
Authors: Zhang Meng , Liu Huan , Wang Xiaodong
Published: December 2022

We have developed an in situ thermal management strategy based on the cholesterol oxidase-immobilized MXene/sodium alginate/silica@n-docosane hierarchical microcapsule for ultrasensitive biosensing detection of cholesterol in harsh environments.
Ultra-fast low temperature scintillation and X-ray luminescence of CsPbCl3 crystals
Authors: Mykhaylyk V. B. , Rudko M. , Kraus H. , Kapustianyk V. , Kolomiets V. , Vitoratou N. , Chornodolskyy Y. , Voloshinovskii A. S. , Vasylechko L.
Published: December 2022

CsPbCl3 crystal is found to be a promising material for the detection of ionising radiation at low temperatures.
Performance comparison of successive interference cancellation decoding order for base station association and power control in small cell networks incorporating handoff optimization
Authors: Pirnia Sina , Bakhshi Hamidreza , Dosaranian‐Moghadam Mohamad , Khosravi Ramin
Published: December 2022

The co‐channel interference and frequent handoff are two important issues that have a great impact on the spectrum and energy efficiency in the non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) with successive interference cancellation (SIC) in the small cell networks (SCN). This paper investigates the performance of SIC decoding order based on the users’ channel state information (CSI) and random SIC decoding order under the perfect and imperfect conditions for the handoff optimization in SCNs with NOMA. The effect of SIC decoding order in the joint base station association and power control problem is studied by considering the motion of mobile users (MUs). Two optimization problems are formulated using the number of associated MUs, the number of handoffs, and the transmit power of all MUs, under the maximum allowable transmit power and minimum average‐rate constraints. Two objectives are combined into a single‐stage optimization problem through the weighted sum method. The formulated problem is solved using a game theory‐based algorithm and primal decomposition theory. The simulation results show that changing the SIC decoding order can lead to performance improvement in the uplink NOMA‐ based SCNs. Also, it is shown that the proposed algorithm can significantly reduce the frequent handoffs in small cell networks.
Analysis of a spoke‐type ferrite PM motor with assisted poles based on equivalent magnetic network with hybrid cross‐shaped mesh elements
Authors: Ke Hao , Liu Zhengmeng , Chen Qian , Liu Guohai , Xu Gaohong
Published: December 2022

This article proposes an equivalent magnetic network (EMN) model to improve the accuracy of electromagnetic analysis, where a modular modelling of hybrid cross‐shaped mesh (CS‐M) elements is introduced. By applying hybrid CS‐M elements, the modelling of air gap and its surrounding regions is regulated into an identical width. As a result, the relative motion of the motor is simpler to simulate by changing the nodal connection without involving the non‐linear permeance. The airgap flux density is solved more accurately than the regular CS‐M elements as well. A 12‐slot/10‐pole ferrite permanent magnet (FPM) motor with assisted poles of unequal pole‐arc ratios is selected as an example to be built with the proposed EMN model. After solving the EMN model, the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed EMN model are verified by comparing it with the FEA model and experiments. Additionally, based on the frozen permeability (FP) method, transient torque components can be separated accurately with a transient torque solution related to virtual work principle (VWP) for the EMN model.
Decentralized risk‐based security‐constrained optimal power flow in interconnected multi‐carrier microgrids
Authors: Sajjadi Kalajahi Seyed Mohammad , Seyedi Heresh , Tohidi Sajjad , Mohammadi‐Ivatloo Behnam
Published: December 2022

The security of energy systems has always been one of the most important issues of energy systems operation. The multi‐carrier multi‐microgrid (MCMMG) is one of the novel structures in the power system. High penetration of renewable resources and their uncertainty, their ability to operate in isolation mode, and the presence of energy hubs in MCMMG systems increase the importance of security assessment in this type of system. This paper presents a decentralized risk‐based security‐constrained optimal power flow model for an MCMMG system. The stochastic nature of wind energy, photovoltaic generation, and electrical and heating loads are considered in the proposed model. In the model, the risk level of the system is determined by considering both the electrical and natural gas (NG) networks’ contingencies. The proposed model is decomposed into three types of subproblems with the augmented Lagrangian relaxation (ALR) method: The subproblem related to the multi‐microgrid operator level, the NG network subproblem, and the individual microgrid level subproblem. The decomposed problem is solved using MATLAB software. According to the results, the proposed model can secure the system from high costs that may impose on the system due to the contingency occurrence.
Withdrawn: A computerized doughty predictor framework for corona virus disease: Combined deep learning based approach
Authors: Ramya P. , Babu S.V.
Published: December 2022

The above article, published online on 5 December 2022, on Wiley Online Library (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1049/ipr2.12554), has been withdrawn by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor in Chief, Farzin Deravi, and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The withdrawal has been agreed due to a technical error at the publisher that caused the article to be mistakenly published online although its publication had been cancelled at the request of the authors.
A topology review and comparative analysis on transformerless grid‐connected photovoltaic inverters and leakage current reduction techniques
Authors: Ponrekha A. Sahaya , Subathra M. S. P. , Bharatiraja Chokkalingam , Manoj Kumar Nallapaneni , Haes Alhelou Hassan
Published: December 2022

Photovoltaic energy source growth is significant in power generation field. Moreover, grid connected inverters strengthen this growth. Development of transformerless inverters with higher efficiency, low cost and size is competitive than the inverters with transformers. However, leakage current generation in transformerless inverters is a challenge to their growth. The research in evolution of new transformerless inverter topologies with higher efficiency, boosting capability, and reduced leakage current is interesting. This paper presents an extensive discussion of transformerless inverters under the categorization of their structures and the subcategorization with leakage current reduction techniques. The components and connections of inverters are differentiated with colours for the effortless understanding of operation. The detailed comparisons of transformerless inverters based on performance and construction are also presented with their strengths and weaknesses. To give deep intuition on characteristics of transformerless inverters, selected inverters are simulated with different operating conditions. Loss contribution of each switch in the selected inverters is analysed, to help the new researchers, designers and engineers to design efficient topologies.
Gas accretion onto Jupiter mass planets in discs with laminar accretion flows
Authors: Nelson R. P. , Lega E. , Morbidelli A.
Published: December 2022

Context. Numerous studies have shown that a gap-forming Jovian mass planet embedded in a protoplanetary disc, in which a turbulent viscosity operates, can accrete gas efficiently through the gap, and for typical parameters it doubles its mass in ~0.1 Myr. The planet also migrates inwards on a timescale that is closely related to the local viscous evolution timescale, which is also typically 0.1 Myr. These timescales are short compared to protoplanetary disc lifetimes, and raise questions about the origins of the cold gas giant exoplanets that have been discovered in abundance. It is understood that protoplanetary discs are unlikely to be globally turbulent, and instead they may launch magnetised winds such that accretion towards the star occurs in laminar accretion flows located in narrow layers near the surfaces of the disc.

Aims. The aim of this study is to examine the rate at which gas accretes onto Jovian mass planets that are embedded in layered protoplanetary discs, and to compare the results with those obtained for viscous models.

Methods. We use 3D hydrodynamical simulations of planets embedded in protoplanetary discs, in which a constant radial mass flux towards the star of ṁ = 10−8 M⊙ yr−1 is sustained. We consider a classical viscous α disc model, and also models in which an external torque is applied in narrow surface layers to mimic the effects of a magnetised wind. The accreting layers have a variety of depths, as parameterised by their column densities ΣA, and we consider values of ΣA in the range 0.1−10 g cm−2.

Results. The viscous disc model gives results in agreement with previous studies. In accord with our recent work that examines the migration of Jovian mass planets in layered models, we find the accretion rate onto the planet in the layered models crucially depends on the ability of the planet to block the wind-induced mass flow towards the star. For ΣA = 10 g cm−2, the planet torque can block the mass flow in disc, accretion onto the planet is slow, and a mass doubling time of 10 Myr is obtained. For ΣA = 0.1 g cm−2, the flow is not blocked, accretion is fast, and the mass doubling time is 0.2 Myr.

Conclusions. Our results show that although the radial mass flow through the layered disc models is always 10−8 M⊙ yr−1, adopting different values of ΣA leads to very different gas accretion rates onto embedded gas giant planets.
The most massive stars in very young star clusters with a limited mass: Evidence favours significant self-regulation in the star formation processes
Authors: Yan Zhiqiang , Jerabkova Tereza , Kroupa Pavel
Published: December 2022

The stellar initial mass function (IMF) is commonly interpreted to be a scale-invariant probability density distribution function (PDF) such that many small clusters yield the same IMF as one massive cluster of the same combined number of stars. Observations of the galaxy-wide IMF challenge this as dwarf galaxies do not form as many massive stars as expected. This indicates a highly self-regulated star formation process in which stellar masses are not stochastically sampled from the IMF and are instead related to the environment of star formation. Here, we study the nature of star formation using the relation between the most massive star born in a star cluster and its parental stellar cluster mass (the mmax − Mecl relation). This relation has been argued to be a statistical effect if stars are sampled randomly from the IMF. By comparing the tightness of the observed mmax − Mecl distribution with synthetic star clusters with stochastically sampled stellar masses, we find that the expected dispersion of the mock observations is much larger than the observed dispersion. Assuming that mmax and Mecl uncertainties from the literature are correct, our test rejects the hypothesis that the IMF is a PDF at a more than 4.5σ confidence level. Alternatively, we provide a deterministic stellar mass sampling tool that reproduces the observed mmax − Mecl distribution and compares well with the luminosities of star-forming molecular clumps. In addition, we find that there is a significant flattening of the mmax − Mecl relation near mmax = 13 M⊙. This may suggest strong feedback of stars more massive than about 13 M⊙, and/or that the ejections of the most massive stars from young clusters in the mass range 63 to 400 M⊙ are likely important physical processes in forming clusters.
Implicit discretization of Lagrangian gas dynamics
Authors: Plessier Alexiane , Del Pino Stéphane , Després Bruno
Published: December 2022

We construct an original framework based on convex analysis to prove the existence and uniqueness of a solution to a class of implicit numerical schemes. We propose an application of this general framework in the case of a new non linear implicit scheme for the 1D Lagrangian gas dynamics equations. We provide numerical illustrations that corroborate our proof of unconditional stability for this non linear implicit scheme.
Dossier : « Patrimoines, savoirs, pouvoirs » – Participation, savoirs et pouvoirs dans la gestion de la péninsule Valdés (Argentine)
Authors: Marin Francesca
Published: December 2022

Cet article propose d’étudier les principes de gestion de l’aire naturelle protégée de la péninsule Valdés (en Patagonie argentine) et s’inscrit dans la littérature critique des théories et des pratiques participatives qui caractérisent les contextes de conservation depuis quelques décennies. L’article montre comment les rapports de pouvoir entre parties prenantes – pêcheurs, administrateurs locaux et biologistes des ressources halieutiques – et l’État sont reproduits et amplifiés par des outils participatifs caractérisés par un manque de réflexivité. La hiérarchie conçue par le gouvernement provincial entre les savoirs issus des différentes activités – par exemple recherche et pêche – demeure intouchée et le pouvoir décisionnel n’est aucunement partagé entre les participants.
Prävention und Rehabilitation bei einem Pferd mit chronischer
Überlastung
Authors: Hellström Annelie
Published: December 2022

Man geht im Allgemeinen davon aus, dass Pferde mit einem bestimmten Exterieur und
Körperbau auch aufgrund dessen für bestimmte Verletzungen
prädisponiert sind. Es zeigt sich jedoch, dass manches Merkmal im
Körperbau auch auf eine chronische Überlastung
zurückzuführen sein kann. Im Studium habe ich gelernt, dass man
eine fehlerhafte Gliedmaßenstellung bei einem erwachsenen Pferd nicht
mehr ändern könne. Dieser Fallbericht zeigt wie es doch
möglich ist.
Sensor strips provide SARS-CoV-2 detection in 30 seconds
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: December 2022

Dry-stored disposable strips use biofunctionalized antibodies and show promise for rapid testing large crowds for events.
Mechanisms of instability retention for ferroelectric field effect transistors with HfZrO2 gate stack scaling down
Authors: Liao Chun-Yu , Lin Chen-Ying , Lee Zhi-Xian , Hsiang Kuo-Yu , Lou Zhao-Feng , Hu Vita Pi-Ho , Lee Min-Hung
Published: December 2022

Instability threshold voltage (VT) with retention loss of read-after-write is a critical issue with fundamental physics for ferroelectric field effect transistors (FeFETs) scaling down under high-speed operation. The mechanisms including charge trapping and depolarization field (Edep) are discovered and related to surface potential and coercive field (EC). The trapped charge can be effectively detrapped by opposite polarity stimulation and validated by technology computer-aided design modeling. In addition, the Edep is revealed to be serious with ferroelectric HfZrO2 (FE-HZO) thin-down due to the unstable low-VT state at a gate voltage (VG) of 0 V. The tunable base voltage (Vbase) compensates the Edep-based polarization degradation. A stable low-VT read-after-write for a 5-nm-thick HZO FeFET is experimentally demonstrated by the opposite polarity detrapping scheme hybrid with a Vbase optimization simultaneously for a wide range of delay times from 10−7 to 102 s. This result provides the feasibility for scaling down FeFETs for nonvolatile memory applications in the future.
Detecting and tracking multiple mobile radioactive sources by data fusion of a surveillance camera and a sodium iodide (NaI) detector
Authors: Ardiny Hadi , Beigzadeh Amirmohammad , Askari Mojtaba
Published: December 2022

Nowadays, the use of radioactive materials has increased due to recent progress in nuclear technology, but concerns about the missing or smuggling of radioactive materials have persisted. Nuclear threats such as terrorist attacks or the malicious use of radioactive materials out of regulatory control (MORC) are always severe problems that can result in adverse environmental, health, economic, and security effects. Applying new technologies to monitor and track MORC will prevent radioactive materials from being illegally transported across borders or from one place to another. In this research, we have constructed a detection system to automatically and remotely localize multiple mobile gamma-emitting radiation sources among other objects by combining an IP camera and a sodium iodide detector. An algorithm for the detection system has been developed to identify the objects’ paths from camera data and correlate radiation data with the paths to detect contaminated objects. We evaluated the system using two weak radioactive sources (Co-60, Cs-137), which were hidden on moving objects, and succeeded in finding harmful targets. The results have also shown that by increasing the number of contaminated sources from one to two, the detection accuracy decreases by about 2.5 times. However, by doubling the speed of mobile targets, the detection accuracy improved by about 30%. Detecting and tracking MORC with a single detection system is limited to small regions. By equipping many surveillance cameras in a city with relatively inexpensive radioactive detectors, a network sensing system is established to find radioactive hotspots in a smart city.
Pressure–strain interaction. III. Particle-in-cell simulations of magnetic reconnection
Authors: Barbhuiya M. Hasan , Cassak Paul A.
Published: December 2022

How energy is converted into thermal energy in weakly collisional and collisionless plasma processes, such as magnetic reconnection and plasma turbulence, has recently been the subject of intense scrutiny. The pressure–strain interaction has emerged as an important piece, as it describes the rate of conversion between bulk flow and thermal energy density. In two companion studies, we presented an alternate decomposition of the pressure–strain interaction to isolate the effects of converging/diverging flow and flow shear instead of compressible and incompressible flow, and we derived the pressure–strain interaction in magnetic field-aligned coordinates. Here, we use these results to study pressure–strain interaction during two-dimensional anti-parallel magnetic reconnection. We perform particle-in-cell simulations and plot the decompositions in both Cartesian and magnetic field-aligned coordinates. We identify the mechanisms contributing to positive and negative pressure–strain interaction during reconnection. This study provides a roadmap for interpreting numerical and observational data of the pressure–strain interaction, which should be important for studies of reconnection, turbulence, and collisionless shocks.
Scan direction of circularly polarized laser beam determines the orientation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs) on silicon
Authors: Durbach Sebastien , Hampp Norbert
Published: December 2022

Upon irradiation of a silicon surface with circularly polarized green nanosecond laser pulses, the formation of linear periodic nanostructures is observed. Due to the lack of inherent directional anisotropy by the laser polarization, no 1D-laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs) formation is expected. The orientation of the formed surface modulation depends on the laser scan direction. Silicon wafers, which are often used in LIPSS studies, are commonly considered inert substrates. This assumption needs to be reconsidered. Our finding is not explained by the current LIPSS theories.