bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of leptospirosis in Tanzania: A review of the current status, serogroup diversity and reservoirs
Authors: Motto Shabani Kiyabo , Shirima Gabriel Mkilema , de Clare Bronsvoort Barend Mark , Cook Elizabeth Anne Jessie
Published: November 2021

Background

Tanzania is among the tropical countries of Sub-Saharan Africa with the environmental conditions favorable for transmission of Leptospira. Leptospirosis is a neglected zoonotic disease, and although there are several published reports from Tanzania, the epidemiology, genetic diversity of Leptospira and its host range are poorly understood.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive review of human and animal leptospirosis within the 26 regions of the Tanzanian mainland. Literature searches for the review were conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar. We further manually identified studies from reference lists among retrieved studies from the preliminary search.

Results

We identified thirty-four studies describing leptospirosis in humans (n = 16), animals (n = 14) and in both (n = 4). The number of studies varied significantly across regions. Most of the studies were conducted in Morogoro (n = 16) followed by Kilimanjaro (n = 9) and Tanga (n = 5). There were a range of study designs with cross-sectional prevalence studies (n = 18), studies on leptospirosis in febrile patients (n = 13), a case control study in cattle (n = 1) and studies identifying novel serovars (n = 2). The most utilized diagnostic tool was the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) which detected antibodies to 17 Leptospira serogroups in humans and animals. The Leptospira serogroups with the most diverse hosts were Icterohaemorrhagiae (n = 11), Grippotyphosa (n = 10), Sejroe (n = 10), Pomona (n = 9) and Ballum (n = 8). The reported prevalence of Leptospira antibodies in humans ranged from 0.3–29.9% and risk factors were associated with occupational animal contact. Many potential reservoir hosts were identified with the most common being rodents and cattle.

Conclusion

Leptospirosis is prevalent in humans and animals in Tanzania, although there is regional and host variation in the reports. Many regions do not have information about the disease in either humans or their animal reservoirs. More studies are required to understand human leptospirosis determinants and the role of livestock in leptospirosis transmission to humans for the development of appropriate control strategies.
Characterisation of a putative M23-domain containing protein in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Papadopoulos Andrea Olga , Ealand Christopher , Gordhan Bhavna Gowan , VanNieuwenhze Michael , Kana Bavesh Davandra
Published: November 2021

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis remains a global health concern, further compounded by the high rates of HIV-TB co-infection and emergence of multi- and extensive drug resistant TB, all of which have hampered efforts to eradicate this disease. As a result, novel anti-tubercular interventions are urgently required, with the peptidoglycan component of theM.tuberculosiscell wall emerging as an attractive drug target. Peptidoglycan M23 endopeptidases can function as active cell wall hydrolases or degenerate activators of hydrolases in a variety of bacteria, contributing to important processes such as bacterial growth, division and virulence. Herein, we investigate the function of the Rv0950-encoded putative M23 endopeptidase inM.tuberculosis.In silicoanalysis revealed that this protein is conserved in mycobacteria, with a zinc-binding catalytic site predictive of hydrolytic activity. Transcript analysis indicated that expression of Rv0950c was elevated during lag and log phases of growth and reduced in stationary phase. Deletion of Rv0950c yielded no defects in growth, colony morphology, antibiotic susceptibility or intracellular survival but caused a reduction in cell length. Staining with a monopeptide-derived fluorescent D-amino acid, which spatially reports on sites of active PG biosynthesis or repair, revealed an overall reduction in uptake of the probe in ΔRv0950c. When stained with a dipeptide probe in the presence of cell wall damaging agents, the ΔRv0950c mutant displayed reduced sidewall labelling. As bacterial peptidoglycan metabolism is important for survival and pathogenesis, the role of Rv0950c and other putative M23 endopeptidases inM.tuberculosisshould be explored further.
Cognitive constraints on advance planning of sentence intonation
Authors: Ots Nele
Published: November 2021

Pitch peaks tend to be higher at the beginning of longer than shorter sentences (e.g., ‘A farmer is pulling donkeys’ vs ‘A farmer is pulling a donkey and goat’), whereas pitch valleys at the ends of sentences are rather constant for a given speaker. These data seem to imply that speakers avoid dropping their voice pitch too low by planning the height of sentence-initial pitch peaks prior to speaking. However, the length effect on sentence-initial pitch peaks appears to vary across different types of sentences, speakers and languages. Therefore, the notion that speakers plan sentence intonation in advance due to the limitations in low voice pitch leaves part of the data unexplained. Consequently, this study suggests a complementary cognitive account of length-dependent pitch scaling. In particular, it proposes that the sentence-initial pitch raise in long sentences is related to high demands on mental resources during the early stages of sentence planning. To tap into the cognitive underpinnings of planning sentence intonation, this study adopts the methodology of recording eye movements during a picture description task, as the eye movements are the established approximation of the real-time planning processes. Measures of voice pitch (Fundamental Frequency) and incrementality (eye movements) are used to examine the relationship between (verbal) working memory (WM), incrementality of sentence planning and the height of sentence-initial pitch peaks.
Pregnant and breastfeeding women’s prospective acceptability of two biomedical HIV prevention approaches in Sub Saharan Africa: A multisite qualitative analysis using the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability
Authors: Sekhon Mandeep , van der Straten Ariane ,   on behalf of the MTN-041/MAMMA Study Team
Published: November 2021

HIV infection during pregnancy and breastfeeding has implications for maternal health. Between May- November 2018, we explored prospective acceptability of two novel HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) products, oral pills and vaginal rings, through focus group discussions with 65 pregnant and breastfeeding women in Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe. Qualitative analysis was completed, guided by the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability (TFA). First, a deductive thematic analysis was applied to relevant coded data, into the seven TFA constructs (Affective Attitude; Burden; Ethicality, Intervention Coherence; Opportunity Costs; Perceived Effectiveness; Self-efficacy). Next, an iterative analysis was completed to generate themes within each of the TFA constructs. Women’s positive attitudes towards daily oral PrEP highlighted the familiarity of taking pills, understanding the purpose of taking pills, and the perception that it is an effective method to protect mothers and babies from HIV during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Women emphasized the ease of using the ring given its monthly duration that lowers burden on the user, its discreetness and invisibility once in place. The TFA analysis highlighted how acceptability of both methods could be enhanced by focusing on perceptions of the end users (i.e. the women) and not just the products themselves. This approach provided insights into how to refine the intervention materials and plans for implementation.
Preparation of optimized concanavalin A-conjugated Dynabeads® magnetic beads for CUT&Tag
Authors: Fujiwara Yasuhiro , Tanno Yuji , Sugishita Hiroki , Kishi Yusuke , Makino Yoshinori , Okada Yuki
Published: November 2021

Epigenome research has employed various methods to identify the genomic location of proteins of interest, such as transcription factors and histone modifications. A recently established method called CUT&Tag uses a Protein-A Tn5 transposase fusion protein, which cuts the genome and inserts adapter sequences nearby the target protein. Throughout most of the CUT&Tag procedure, cells are held on concanavalin A (con A)-conjugated magnetic beads. Proper holding of cells would be decisive for the accessibility of Tn5 to the chromatin, and efficacy of the procedure of washing cells. However, BioMag®Plus ConA magnetic beads, used in the original CUT&Tag protocol, often exhibit poor suspendability and severe aggregation. Here, we compared the BioMag beads and Dynabeads® magnetic particles of which conjugation of con A was done by our hands, and examined the performance of these magnetic beads in CUT&Tag. Among tested, one of the Dynabeads, MyOne-T1, kept excessive suspendability in a buffer even after overnight incubation. Furthermore, the MyOne-T1 beads notably improved the sensitivity in CUT&Tag assay for H3K4me3. In conclusion, the arrangement and the selection of MyOne-T1 refine the suspendability of beads, which improves the association of chromatin with Tn5, which enhances the sensitivity in CUT&Tag assay.
French validation of the Weight Efficacy Life-Style questionnaire (WEL): Links with mood, self-esteem and stress among the general population and a clinical sample of individuals with overweight and obesity
Authors: Plasonja Natalija , Brytek-Matera Anna , Décamps Greg
Published: November 2021

Eating self-efficacy refers to a person’s belief in their ability to regulate eating. Although the Weight Efficacy Life-Style questionnaire (WEL) is one of the most widely used eating self-efficacy tools, its French validation is lacking. The objective of this research was to validate a French version of the WEL in a general and a clinical sample, and to explore the links between eating self-efficacy and psychosocial variables. In study 1, the general population sample included 432 adults (93% of women, mean age = 43.18 ± 11.93 years). In study 2, the clinical sample included 2010 adults with overweight and obesity (87% of women, mean age = 44.44 ± 11.25 years). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. Two distinct versions of the WEL were retained: a 12-item questionnaire intended for use in the general population, named WEL-Fr-G, and an 11-item questionnaire for clinical samples, named WEL-Fr-C. The two French versions of the WEL presented strong reliability and sensibility. In addition, study 2 provided support for the measurement invariance of the WEL-Fr-C across sex and Body Mass Index. The two versions are therefore psychometrically sound instruments for assessing eating self-efficacy in the general population (WEL-Fr-G) and clinical samples (WEL-Fr-C).
The relation between project team conflict and user resistance in software projects
Authors: Vrhovec Simon , Markelj Blaž
Published: November 2021

This study aims to explore the relation between conflict in the project team and user resistance to change in software projects. Following a cross-sectional research design, a survey was conducted among 1,000 largest companies in Slovenia (N = 114). The results of PLS-SEM analysis indicate that task and process conflicts in the project team are associated with user resistance. This study is among the first to associate conflict within the project team and user resistance in the implementing organization. It is also one of the first studies to investigate the relations between different types of conflict and user resistance. Project managers may invest resources into adequately managing conflicts within the project team related to tasks in which the project team interacts with users of developed software to lower user resistance. Project with poorly defined roles (e.g., agile and information security projects) may be more prone to user resistance than projects with clearly defined roles.
Obesity and the risk of developing chronic diseases in middle-aged and older adults: Findings from an Australian longitudinal population survey, 2009–2017
Authors: Keramat Syed Afroz , Alam Khorshed , Rana Rezwanul Hasan , Chowdhury Rupok , Farjana Fariha , Hashmi Rubayyat , Gow Jeff , Biddle Stuart J. H.
Published: November 2021

Background

Overweight and obesity impose a significant health burden in Australia, predominantly the middle-aged and older adults. Studies of the association between obesity and chronic diseases are primarily based on cross-sectional data, which is insufficient to deduce a temporal relationship. Using nationally representative panel data, this study aims to investigate whether obesity is a significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes, heart diseases, asthma, arthritis, and depression in Australian middle-aged and older adults.

Methods

Longitudinal data comprising three waves (waves 9, 13 and 17) of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey were used in this study. This study fitted longitudinal random-effect logistic regression models to estimate the between-person differences in the association between obesity and chronic diseases.

Results

The findings indicated that obesity was associated with a higher prevalence of chronic diseases among Australian middle-aged and older adults. Obese adults (Body Mass Index [BMI] ≥ 30) were at 12.76, 2.05, 1.97, 2.25, and 1.96, times of higher risks of having type 2 diabetes (OR: 12.76, CI 95%: 8.88–18.36), heart disease (OR: 2.05, CI 95%: 1.54–2.74), asthma (OR: 1.97, CI 95%: 1.49–2.62), arthritis (OR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.90–2.68) and depression (OR: 1.96, CI 95%: 1.56–2.48), respectively, compared with healthy weight counterparts. However, the study did not find any evidence of a statistically significant association between obesity and cancer. Besides, gender stratified regression results showed that obesity is associated with a higher likelihood of asthma (OR: 2.64, 95% CI: 1.84–3.80) among female adults, but not in the case of male adults.

Conclusion

Excessive weight is strongly associated with a higher incidence of chronic disease in Australian middle-aged and older adults. This finding has clear public health implications. Health promotion programs and strategies would be helpful to meet the challenge of excessive weight gain and thus contribute to the prevention of chronic diseases.
Britpop Cinema: From trainspotting to this Is England
Authors: Glasby Matt
Published: November 2021

Featuring exclusive interviews with key players such as Simon Pegg, Irvine Welsh, Michael Winterbottom and Edgar Wright, Britpop Cinema combines eyewitness accounts, close analysis and social history to celebrate a golden age for UK film.
Using an Online Numeracy Practice Test to Support Education Students for the Numeracy Component of the LANTITE
Authors:   University of Notre Dame Australia, Thai Thuan , Hartup Kate ,   University of Notre Dame Australia, Colbourn Adelle ,   Western Sydney University, Yeung Amanda
Published: November 2021

In Australia, teacher education students must pass the Literacy and Numeracy Test for Initial Teacher Education (LANTITE) to meet accreditation requirements. Although this has been mandated since 2016, there are currently few resources available for students to use in preparation for the test. To help students prepare for the numeracy component of the LANTITE, we developed an online Numeracy Practice Test (NPT) through the institution’s learning management system. This study assessed the learning analytics from the NPT between students who subsequently passed the numeracy component of the LANTITE with those that failed. Our results show that students who passed performed significantly better in the NPT, had fewer attempts, spent less time on the NPT, and accessed it closer to the date of the LANTITE, which demonstrate students’ ability to self-assess the level of support required.
Place-making, Politics and Borderscapes in Southeastern Europe
Authors: Carnevale Davide N. , Wilson Thomas M.
Published: November 2021

This article introduces a collection of case studies on the politics of borders and the place-making processes in Southeast European border environments. It opens with explorations of how the social analysis of borders oscillates between border studies and border theory, and between the study of borders as things and as ideas. The focus on the territoriality of borders, analyzed as dynamic social-spatial formations, is proposed as a meeting point between the two approaches. On this premise, this article examines some key elements in contemporary ethnographic research on borders in Southeastern Europe.
influence of internal organizational mechanisms on gender mainstreaming effectiveness Morogoro region, Tanzania
Authors: Mwakiluma Lusako , Matoka Chacha
Published: November 2021

The paper sought to analyse the influence of the existing internal organizational mechanisms on gender mainstreaming effectiveness (GME). The study used cross sectional research design where a total sample of 368 respondents was drawn from population of 4481 by using systematic sampling from employees of the Morogoro Municipal Council, whereby questionnaire was the main tool used to collect data. The linear multiple and hierarchical regression models were used analyse data. The study found that a positive and significant influence of existing internal organizational mechanisms on gender mainstreaming effectiveness at Morogoro municipal council. The paper concludes that the GME was influenced greatly by the internal organizational mechanisms. Therefore, it is recommended that the Local Governmental Authorities to increase efforts of committing resources on the internal organizational mechanisms for gender mainstreaming effectiveness in the work place.
50 Years A Slave
Authors: Fonte Allain
Published: November 2021

Abstract

 

The Philippines has been deploying migrant workers to more than 192 countries, with a rising number that exceeds up to a million workers every year.   In 2009, the record of migrant workers’ remittances went up to 17.4 billion US dollars from 10.4 billion US dollars in 2005.  Reports showed that remittances comprise a bigger portion of the Philippines’ gross domestic product, as it contributed 10.8% to the GDP in 2005, and 11.1% in 2009.  After more than 50 years of deploying Filipino workers overseas, the Philippines should have improved with its labour policies and implementing them.  Yet, reports on abuses of Filipino workers can still be read and heard. 

This paper reviews the two most controversial cases where the Philippine government had failed to protect its migrant workers by analysing its then labour policies; and how they have impacted the labour and migration sectors to ensure the welfare of its migrant workers.  Further, this research discusses reoccurring issues such as delayed services from government agencies, lack of administrative skills to process complaints and cases of Filipino migrant workers, poor communication and coordination among government offices, labour policies that do not abide by the constitution, and the unfair provisions in the treaties between Philippines and destination countries for low-skilled workers.

 

Keywords labour migration, migration, migrant workers, labour policies
Transverse Kähler holonomy in Sasaki Geometry andS-Stability
Authors: Boyer Charles P. , Huang Hongnian , Tønnesen-Friedman Christina W.
Published: November 2021

We study the transverse Kähler holonomy groups on Sasaki manifolds (M,S) and their stability properties under transverse holomorphic deformations of the characteristic foliation by the Reeb vector field. In particular, we prove that when the first Betti numberb1(M) and the basic Hodge numberh0,2B(S) vanish, thenSis stable under deformations of the transverse Kähler flow. In addition we show that an irreducible transverse hyperkähler Sasakian structure isS-unstable, whereas, an irreducible transverse Calabi-Yau Sasakian structure isS-stable when dimM≥ 7. Finally, we prove that the standard Sasaki join operation (transverse holonomyU(n1) ×U(n2)) as well as the fiber join operation preserveS-stability.
Glioblastoma gene network reconstruction and ontology analysis by online bioinformatics tools
Authors: Gubanova Natalya V. , Orlova Nina G. , Dergilev Arthur I. , Oparina Nina Y. , Orlov Yuriy L.
Published: November 2021

Glioblastoma is the most aggressive type of brain tumors resistant to a number of antitumor drugs. The problem of therapy and drug treatment course is complicated by extremely high heterogeneity in the benign cell populations, the random arrangement of tumor cells, and polymorphism of their nuclei. The pathogenesis of gliomas needs to be studied using modern cellular technologies, genome- and transcriptome-wide technologies of high-throughput sequencing, analysis of gene expression on microarrays, and methods of modern bioinformatics to find new therapy targets. Functional annotation of genes related to the disease could be retrieved based on genetic databases and cross-validated by integrating complementary experimental data. Gene network reconstruction for a set of genes (proteins) proved to be effective approach to study mechanisms underlying disease progression. We used online bioinformatics tools for annotation of gene list for glioma, reconstruction of gene network and comparative analysis of gene ontology categories. The available tools and the databases for glioblastoma gene analysis are discussed together with the recent progress in this field.
Fast alignment of reads to a variation graph with application to SNP detection
Authors: Monsu Maurilio , Comin Matteo
Published: November 2021

Sequencing technologies has provided the basis of most modern genome sequencing studies due to its high base-level accuracy and relatively low cost. One of the most demanding step is mapping reads to the human reference genome. The reliance on a single reference human genome could introduce substantial biases in downstream analyses. Pangenomic graph reference representations offer an attractive approach for storing genetic variations. Moreover, it is possible to include known variants in the reference in order to make read mapping, variant calling, and genotyping variant-aware. Only recently a framework for variation graphs, vg [Garrison E, Adam MN, Siren J, et al. Variation graph toolkit improves read mapping by representing genetic variation in the reference. Nat Biotechnol 2018;36:875–9], have improved variation-aware alignment and variant calling in general. The major bottleneck of vg is its high cost of reads mapping to a variation graph. In this paper we study the problem of SNP calling on a variation graph and we present a fast reads alignment tool, named VG SNP-Aware. VG SNP-Aware is able align reads exactly to a variation graph and detect SNPs based on these aligned reads. The results show that VG SNP-Aware can efficiently map reads to a variation graph with a speedup of 40× with respect to vg and similar accuracy on SNPs detection.
The Speech of Pagondas (Thuk. 4.92) and the Sources on the Battle of Delion
Authors: Tufano Salvatore
Published: November 2021

This paper concentrates on the literary sources of the battle of Delion (424 BCE) and reopens the debate on the relevance of Euripides’Supplicesfor the narrative of this event. Thucydides is read with a particular focus on the speech of Pagondas (4.92), which can be understood through the current reconstruction of the history of Boiotia in the latter half of the fifth century BCE. Finally, Diodorus (12.69–70) is considered as a useful source for a few pieces of information on the aftermath of the battle that have previously been disregarded.
Athletes, Citizenships and Hellenic Identity during the Imperial Period
Authors: Mouratidis Georgios E.
Published: November 2021

During the Hellenistic and Imperial periods, Greek populations coexisted with several other cultures, which were very often more multitudinous. Those ‘Hellenes’, however, came together in big Panhellenic and smaller, local festivals to honour their gods and celebrate their common Hellenic culture. As a result, numerous new festivals and contests were founded (and older ones grew bigger or were even re-founded) after the third century BC, gradually forming a large festival network. Even though this festival network has repeatedly been at the centre of scholarly attention – and still is – the rhetoric of athletic inscriptions, i.e. how athletic Panhellenism is demonstrated and what it is prompted by still remains largely unexplored. The main contribution of this paper is to demonstrate how the accumulation of citizenships by athletes contributes to Panhellenic self-representation, by showing another way that this association with Hellenic culture was communicated and negotiated in the public discourse. The portrayal of citizenships by an array of ethnic names along with the name of the honoree, presented the athlete as a larger-than-city figure and an essential part of that Hellenic community. One of the other aims of this paper is to suggest two factors in the development of these conventions of athletic representation, whose significance has not been understood in full: the athletic synod and the formation ofPanhellenion. It is a central tenet of this paper that the study of citizenship in athletic inscriptions cannot only help us reveal more ways that Hellenicity was projected, but also better understand how all these different textual images helped shape views about what Hellas was.
Ankyrin-R Links Kv3.3 to the Spectrin Cytoskeleton and Is Required for Purkinje Neuron Survival
Authors: Stevens Sharon R. , van der Heijden Meike E. , Ogawa Yuki , Lin Tao , Sillitoe Roy V. , Rasband Matthew N.
Published: November 2021

Ankyrin scaffolding proteins are critical for membrane domain organization and protein stabilization in many different cell types including neurons. In the cerebellum, Ankyrin-R (AnkR) is highly enriched in Purkinje neurons, granule cells, and in the cerebellar nuclei (CN). Using male and female mice with a floxed allele forAnk1in combination withNestin-CreandPcp2-Cremice, we found that ablation of AnkR from Purkinje neurons caused ataxia, regional and progressive neurodegeneration, and altered cerebellar output. We show that AnkR interacts with the cytoskeletal protein β3 spectrin and the potassium channel Kv3.3. Loss of AnkR reduced somatic membrane levels of β3 spectrin and Kv3.3 in Purkinje neurons. Thus, AnkR links Kv3.3 channels to the β3 spectrin-based cytoskeleton. Our results may help explain why mutations in β3 spectrin and Kv3.3 both cause spinocerebellar ataxia.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAnkyrin scaffolding proteins localize and stabilize ion channels in the membrane by linking them to the spectrin-based cytoskeleton. Here, we show that Ankyrin-R (AnkR) links Kv3.3 K+channels to the β3 spectrin-based cytoskeleton in Purkinje neurons. Loss of AnkR causes Purkinje neuron degeneration, altered cerebellar physiology, and ataxia, which is consistent with mutations in Kv3.3 and β3 spectrin causing spinocerebellar ataxia.
Nutrient Overloading in the Chesapeake Bay
Authors: Longo Stefano B. , Isgren Ellinor , Clark Brett
Published: November 2021

We examine socioecological drivers of nutrient overloading and eutrophication in the Chesapeake Bay associated with poultry production on the Delmarva Peninsula. We use a social metabolic analysis—rooted in a political-economy perspective—that highlights the interchange of matter and energy and the inextricable links within and between social and ecological systems, illuminating the social structural processes contributing to ecological changes. The concentration and consolidation of poultry production through integration, which involves contract farming, and geographic concentration of operations, have been associated with intensified and increased scale of chicken (broiler) production. These processes have had significant effects on waste accumulation, maintenance, and disposal, and this industry has become one of the major contributors of nutrient overloading in the Chesapeake Bay. This study, therefore, specifies social processes that are driving environmental changes between land and sea.
Toward Global Urban Climate Mitigation
Authors: Leffel Benjamin
Published: November 2021

Most research on global environmental change focuses on the national level, but the increasingly significant role of cities worldwide in climate change governance necessitates a global-scale understanding of urban environmental change. This study explains how greenhouse gas emissions reduction in 330 cities across 48 countries is affected by diffusion of normative expertise and political-economic forces. Specifically, polycentric systems comprised of environmental management consultancies and environmental transnational municipal networks facilitate expertise transmission to cities, facilitating urban emissions reduction. This expertise is diffused globally in a normative process explicable by world society theory, but these polycentric systems bypass national governments in a direct global-to-local transmission of expertise. These findings advance world society theory beyond its traditional nation-state-centric purview by showing that new polycentric systems can also affect subnational environmental policy outcomes, linking micro-level and macro-level processes in global environmental change.
Doživljaj učenika predmetne nastave o nastavi na daljinu
Authors: Cerinski Tomislav
Published: November 2021

Početkom provedbe nastave na daljinu u školskoj godini 2019./2020. napravljeno je istraživanje s ciljem ispitivanja doživljaja učenika predmetne nastave o nastavi na daljinu. Korišteni su Upitnik stavova o e-učenju, Upitnik percipirane podrške autonomiji u obrazovnom okruženju, Upitnik samoregulacije u učenju i Inventar strategija suočavanja školske djece. Rezultati su pokazali kako među učenicima nižih razreda predmetne nastave (5. i 6. razredi) i učenicima viših razreda predmetne nastave (7. i 8. razredi) postoje značajne razlike u percepciji doživljaja vlastite autonomije kod učitelja. Učenici nižih razreda doživljavaju učiteljevu procjenu njihove (učeničke) autonomije na značajno višoj razini, a ujedno imaju i višu razinu identificirane motivacije za učenjem. U stavovima o učenju na daljinu među učenicima niže i više predmetne nastave nisu utvrđene značajne razlike. Izdvojene tvrdnje ukazuju na to da učenici priželjkuju povratak u školske klupe i redovnu nastavu. Utvrđene su razlike u načinima suočavanja sa stresnim situacijama između učenika i učenica, pri čemu se agresivnost češće javlja kod učenika. Izdvojene tvrdnje iz Upitnika stavova o e-učenju ukazuju na to da učenici pojam nastave na daljinu poistovjećuju s dostupnošću nastavnih materijala na internetu, što bi moglo biti povezano s angažmanom njihovih učitelja.
Ceramic finds from the Byzantine fort of Gradina on the island of Žirje
Authors: Karađole Ana , Borzić Igor
Published: November 2021

Repeated excavations of the area of the early Byzantine fort on Žirje, an island in the Šibenik archipelago, resulted in recovery of a substantial amount of movable finds, predominantly pottery. Most finds date to the period of Justinian's reconquista in the mid-6th century when the fort was used, but there are also some artifacts of earlier or later dating (Iron Age, Hellenistic and early Imperial periods; medieval and postmedieval periods) whose presence is explained by continuous strategic importance of the fort position. Late antique material has been analyzed comprehensively in terms of typology. Dating and provenance contexts of the finds have also been determined. Presence of pottery from the main production centers that supplied the eastern Adriatic at the time has been attested. This refers in particular to the north African and Aegean-eastern Mediterranean area providing fine tableware and kitchen pottery, lamps and various forms of amphorae. On the other hand, participation of local workshops in supply of the Byzantine soldiers stationed in Gradina probably relates to prevailing forms of kitchenware.
Designing a System of Monitoring for the Digital Learning Environment in Supplementary Education for Children
Authors:   Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University name V.P. Astafyev, Adolf Vladimir Alexandrovich , Turanova Larisa Mikhailovna ,   Siberian Federal University, Styugin Andrey Aleksandrovich ,   Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University name V.P. Astafyev, Trusei Irina Valerievna ,   Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University name V.P. Astafyev
Published: November 2021

One of the most important tasks of education of the Russian Federation is the transformation of Supplementary education. The monitoring system is a tool for implementing the state policy in the field of Supplementary education. The urgency of creating a monitoring system that monitors the digital educational environment of Supplementary education of children has been determined. This is based on the analysis of modern trends and directions of modernization of Supplementary education of children. The Purpose of the article is the investigation of theoretical prerequisites for designing a system of monitoring for the digital educational environment in the Supplementary education of children in the Russian Federation. Research methodology and methods. The methods of theoretical research (analysis and synthesis) of special literature and regulatory documents in the field of Supplementary education and digital educational environment was used in this article. Conclusion. The prerequisites for the design of a system’s monitoring for the digital educational environment in the Supplementary education of children in the Russian Federation was investigated. One of the mechanisms for the updating of additional education for children can be the national system of monitoring of the digital educational environment. Significant indicators of the monitoring of the practices of a Supplementary education in the digital educational space was proposed.
Professional Subjective Activity of the Student of Pedagogical University
Authors:   Novosibirsk state pedagogical university, Abramova Victoria Vyacheslavovna , Romm Tatyana Alexandrovna ,   Novosibirsk state pedagogical university
Published: November 2021

Currently, researchers in the field of education and upbringing are discovering connections and dependencies that were not previously identified: upbringing and subjectivity, upbringing and personal meanings, upbringing and value choice. The article actualizes the problem of professional subjective activity of a teacher and its impact on the effectiveness of educational activities. The teaching practice existing in pedagogical universities needs to be enriched by the experience of social and scientific activities of students - future teachers. Professional subjective activity of students will create conditions for effective educational activity. The purpose of the article is to analyze the concept of “professional subjective activity” in the context of its significance for the educational activity of a future teacher. Methodology. The study was conducted using a descriptive method by collecting, analyzing and summarizing scientific literature data on the problem under study in order to determine its relevance. The content analysis of scientific articles on the problem of professional subjective activity as conditions for effective educational activity of the future teacher was applied. The concepts of “activity”, “subjectivity”, “professional subjectivity” are considered. In conclusion, it is concluded that the effectiveness of the educator’s educational activity is due to the presence of his professional subjective activity. A generalized definition of the concept of “professional subjective activity” is given.
The Instuments for the Development of Universal Logical Skills of Analysis and the Culture of the Transmission of These Skills in the Process of Professional Training of Mathimatics Teachers
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Dulatova Zainep Asanalievna , Kovyrshina Anna Ivanovna ,   Irkutsk State University, Lapshina Elena Sergeevna ,   Irkutsk State University, Shtykov Nikolay Nikolaevich ,   Irkutsk State University
Published: November 2021

General logical universal learning activities (analysis, synthesis, comparison, etc.) in studies of the theory of development of universal learning activities are often represented by generalized formulations such as «text analysis», «analysis of the formulation of a theorem», «synthesis of information», etc. This approach does not allow to evaluate the level of complexity of a cognitive action, to determine its specificity, and to distinguish the levels of possession of this cognitive action. The article deals with the approach to forming the general logical action of analysis, which is based on the concept of funding, developed by E.I. Smirnov, V.D. Shadrikov. The methodological principle of the research is associated with various aspects of the system-activity and competence-based approaches to the organization of teaching students of pedagogical specialties. The aim of the article is to develop an approach to the design of teaching tools aimed at the formation of the general logical action of analysis. Results. The article describes the preparatory stage of the implementation of the concept of funding general logical cognitive actions in the training of students of pedagogical direction. The approach to the level differentiation of cognitive action of analysis is proposed. The types of analysis and their manifestations in mathematical and socio-humanitarian disciplines are considered. In conclusion, the necessity of differentiating the analysis in the organization of funding of this action is justified.
Methodological Support in the Formation of the Language Competency of the «Aircraft And Helicopter Structure» Profile Students
Authors:   Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University named after K. Minin, Tsvetkova Svetlana Yevgenyevna , Malisheva Elena Yurievna ,   Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University named after K. Minin
Published: November 2021

The necessity of the innovation of the language education in a technical highest school was conditioned by the present-day development of the international industrial relations and business contacts between specialists of various countries. The purpose of technical profile students’ language training nowadays is the mastering of a language competency in the sphere of professional communication. The article aims at the description of peculiarities of a methodological support in the formation of the language competency of the technical profile students. The article represents the scientific literature review on the problem of the language education efficiency raising in a highest school; grounds the necessity of creating the methodological support as a means of the successful formation of the foreign language competency; describes researching approaches. The results view the content specifications and didactical structure of a teaching guide, which provides the language competency of the 24.05.07. Aircraft and Helicopter Construction profile students during the professional education. The theoretical and practical relevance is stated in the end of the article.
Competition of Scientific Professional-Oriented Reports as a Tool For Development Motivation to Study the English Language Among Students of a Non-Linguistic University
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of Russian Federation, Achkasova Natalia Nikolaevna
Published: November 2021

The problem of holding scientific conferences on professional topics for non-language students is being updated in English for professional development and motivation to learn a foreign language. The purpose of the article is to analyze the achievements and difficulties of making a research and speaking at a scientific conference. Methodology. In the course of the study, methods such as analysis of domestic and foreign literature, the method of interviews, discussions for feedback, and generalization of pedagogical experience were used. Results. Having analyzed the literature on the topic of our research, as well as the experience of organizing and preparing students for a scientific conference, it can be stated that the scientific conference is important for students to create a more effective motivation for professional development and learning English, without which the professional outlook narrows. The role and importance of individual work, work in groups and consultations with the teacher are shown. Based on the results of scientific conferences, questionnaires and discussions with participants, the strengths of scientific conferences and the process of preparing for them are highlighted. The difficulties faced by students in research work are indicated and the conditions under which it is possible to overcome them for successful preparation are argued. Based on the results of the research, priorities are identified and proposed, which are determined by us as key for use in preparation for a scientific conference.
Universal Digital Competencies of the Student as a New Concept Of Professional Pedagogy
Authors:   St. Petersburg Academy of Postgraduate Pedagogical Education, Panasyuk Vasily Petrovich , Achkasova Oksana Gennadievna ,   Kemerovo State University
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to the definition of a new concept in professional pedagogy – “end-to-end digital competencies”, as well as the possibility of their formation in higher school in the process of mastering additional professional educational programs by students. The authors state the principle of their formation through e-learning, taking into account the principles of individualization of training. The purpose of the article is to give a theoretical justification and definition of the concept of “end-to-end digital technologies” as a new concept in professional pedagogy and an urgent task of higher education. Methodology. The article presents an analysis of the scientific literature on the issue of cross-cutting competencies, including digital ones, on the basis of which the authors define the concept of “cross-cutting digital competencies” as a new concept in professional pedagogy and one of the urgent tasks of higher education. In the conclusion of the article, the authors conclude that it is advisable to carry out the formation of digital competencies among higher school students according to a cross-cutting, penetrating principle, in the process of parallel development of the main educational programs of higher education and additional professional programs (advanced training, professional retraining).
GCgx: transcriptome-wide exploration of the response to glucocorticoids
Authors: Cao Qilin , Boo Irizarry Yamil , Yazhuk Svetlana , Tran Thai , Gadkari Manasi , Franco Luis Miguel
Published: November 2021

Glucocorticoids are the cornerstone of immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory therapy in humans, yet the mechanisms of glucocorticoid immunoregulation and toxicity remain unclear. The response to glucocorticoids is highly cell type-dependent, so translating results from different experimental systems into a better understanding of glucocorticoid effects in humans would benefit from rapid access to high-quality data on the response to glucocorticoids by different cell types. We introduce GCgx, a web application that allows investigators to quickly visualize changes in transcript abundance in response to glucocorticoids in a variety of cells and species. The tool is designed to grow by the addition of datasets based on input from the user community. GCgx is implemented in R and HTML and packaged as a Docker image. The tool and its source code are publicly available.
Evaluating the effects of cellulolytic enzymes and Lactobacillus bulgaricus on mycotoxins production and the quality of maize silage
Authors: Bakri Marwah M.
Published: November 2021

Fungal spoilage and mycotoxin contamination are two of the greatest hazards of silage. The present work was carried out to evaluate the impact of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and cellulolytic enzymes on the maize silage (MS) quality. Fungal analysis of different MS samples showed different mycotoxigenic fungi. The highest frequency (62.8%) was associated with Fusarium spp. Four species with different relative densities were found: F. graminearum (71.1%), F. culmorum (15.2%), F. proliferatum (11.2%), and F. oxysporum (2.50 %). High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed the presence of trichothecene, nivalenol, zearalenone, and fumonisins mycotoxins in MS inoculated by F. graminearum. The inhibition % of trichothecene, nivalenol, and zearalenone synthesis was 50.2%, 47.5%, and 23.5%, respectively, in MS inoculated by Lactobacillus bulgaricus after a 30 d incubation period. Trichoderma harzianum succeeded in producing cellulolytic enzymes, i.e., carboxymethyl cellulase, manganase peroxidase, and laccase, with a maximum production of 350 µg/mL, 5.47 µg/mL, and 16.0 µg/mL, respectively, after 21 d using MS as the substrate. Treatment by the extracted cellulolytic enzyme with L. bulgaricus enhanced unfavorable conditions for MS fungal contamination, i.e., the production of lactic acid, a lowered pH, and increased L. bulgaricus colony-forming units, compared to the addition of enzyme extract or L. bulgaricus alone.
THE INFLUENCE OF SCHOOL ON THE REPRODUCTION OF EDUCATIONAL INEQUALITIES
Authors: Lavrentsova E.
Published: November 2021

The paper addresses the problem of educational inequality and the new ways in which it is reproduced within the modern school education system. The sustainable character of educational inequality in Bulgaria is analyzed in the light of its institutional nature, which, despite the European membership of the country, shows a clear tendency towards intensification and reflects the growing social differences between the advantaged and vulnerable groups in Bulgarian society.
The intention of the author is aimed at comprehending some current limitations and opportunities for the action of teachers and school institutions, which are conditioned by the peculiarities of the contemporary economic, socio-cultural, and educational situation.
Key words: educational inequality, school institution, social selectiveness, socio-economic status.
A deep borehole disposal solution for the UK's high-level radioactive waste
Authors: Gibb Fergus G.F. , Beswick A. John
Published: November 2021

The size of deep boreholes suitable for disposal of radioactive wastes can be increased through an innovative combination of blind shaft and oilfield drilling technologies. This would enable deep borehole disposal (DBD) of the UK's high-level waste (HLW), which is being packaged in containers hitherto considered too large for DBD and destined for a deep geological repository (DGR/GDF). DBD could advance, by over 40 years, disposal of this waste, avoid expensive replacement of ageing storage facilities and reduce the size and cost of the DGR/GDF by up to 70%. A generic reference design is presented for the boreholes and a route proposed for DBD of the UK's HLW in between seven and ten boreholes on a site smaller than three football pitches. Following location and approval of a suitable site, disposal could be completed in under 10 years using currently available technology. Estimates are presented that show the entire programme, including a non-active demonstration borehole, could be undertaken for less than £744 million (at today's prices); a saving of over £8.5 billion on the estimated cost of the proposed DGR/GDF. Implementing DBD of the UK's HLW could begin now and should be reconsidered as a matter of urgency.
Which Factors have an Impact on the Retention of Cemented Crowns on Implant Abutments? A Literature Review
Authors: E Prause , M Rosentritt , F Beuer , J Hey
Published: November 2021

Background: The review presents the scientific state of the art in the field of cementation of crowns on implants. Because semipermanent cements have been specially developed for the cementation of crowns on implants, the question arises whether this cement group offers an advantage compared to other available and widely used cements in everyday clinical practice. Various factors play a role on the retentive strength of superstructures on implants and should therefore be taken into account in this review.