bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polysaccharide from rubescens: extraction, optimization, characterization and antioxidant activities
Authors: Cheng Shuang , He Fei , Fu Longyang , Zhang Yadong
Published: May 2021

Rubescens polysaccharide was extracted and extraction conditions were optimized. Polysaccharide was structurally elucidated and its antioxidant activity was investigated. Rubescens polysaccharide has the potential for the natural antioxidants.
First-principles studies of substituent effects on squaraine dyes
Authors: Barcenas German , Biaggne Austin , Mass Olga A. , Wilson Christopher K. , Obukhova Olena M. , Kolosova Olga S. , Tatarets Anatoliy L. , Terpetschnig Ewald , Pensack Ryan D. , Lee Jeunghoon , Knowlton William B. , Yurke Bernard , Li Lan
Published: May 2021

Squaraine dyes are candidates for DNA-templated excitonic interactions. This work presents substituent effects on the electronic and photophysicalproperties of squaraine dyes and a correlation between empirical Hammettconstant and those properties.
Optimizing energy harvesting performance of silicone elastomers by molecular grafting of azobenzene to the macromolecular network
Authors: Gong Min , Song Feilong , Li Hejian , Lin Xiang , Wang Jiaping , Zhang Liang , Wang Dongrui
Published: May 2021

Homogeneous silicone rubber was prepared for DEG applications by molecular grafting of azobenzene to the polymer network. The energy conversion efficiency of the composite was optimized to 5.01%, increased by 150% compared to the matrix.
5FU encapsulated polyglycerol sebacate nanoparticles as anti-cancer drug carriers
Authors: Sivanesan Divya , Verma Rama S. , Prasad Edamana
Published: May 2021

Diagrammatic flowchart for the synthesis of polymeric PGS and preparation of 5FU-loaded PGS nanoparticles.
Applications of nanomaterials in tissue engineering
Authors: Zheng Xinmin , Zhang Pan , Fu Zhenxiang , Meng Siyu , Dai Liangliang , Yang Hui
Published: May 2021

Scientific description about the types, synthesis, functionalization, characterization application, challenges and prospects of nanomaterials in tissue engineering.
Electrochemical deposition of highly hydrophobic perfluorinated polyaniline film for biosensor applications
Authors: Tomšík Elena , Dallas Panagiotis , Šeděnková Ivana , Svoboda Jan , Hrubý Martin
Published: May 2021

Simultaneous possession of the water-repelling property and electron conductivity for superhydrophobic perfluorinated polyaniline leads to a unique polymer that is suitable for in situ monitoring of pH changes during early stages of inflammation and septic shock.
Biosorption behavior and mechanism of cadmium from aqueous solutions by Synechocystis sp. PCC6803
Authors: Shen Li , Chen Ran , Wang Junjun , Fan Ling , Cui Linlin , Zhang Yejuan , Cheng Jinju , Wu Xueling , Li Jiaokun , Zeng Weimin
Published: May 2021

The results of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extraction, physiological and biochemical determination and gene expression revealed the adsorption mechanism of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 under cadmium stress.
Copolyesters of ε-caprolactone and l-lactide catalyzed by a tetrabutylammonium phthalimide-N-oxyl organocatalyst
Authors: Feng Zhiheng , Wu Li , Dong Huan , Liu Boping , Cheng Ruihua
Published: May 2021

By utilizing tetrabutylammonium phthalimide-N-oxyl organocatalyst, copolymer PCLA with Mn over 20 000 g mol−1 was synthesized by sequential ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone and l-lactide under bulk conditions.
Unique indolizidine alkaloid securinine is a promising scaffold for the development of neuroprotective and antitumor drugs
Authors: Klochkov Sergey , Neganova Margarita
Published: May 2021

Derivatives of unique indolizidine alkaloid securinine used for neuroprotection and as antitumor agents.
Preparation and electrochemical properties of a novel porous Ti/Sn–Sb-RuOx/β-PbO2/MnO2 anode for zinc electrowinning
Authors: Chen Buming , Liu Jianhua , Wang Shichuan , Huang Hui , He Yapeng , Guo Zhongcheng
Published: May 2021

PbO2 electrodes exhibit symmetry on the CV curve in MnSO4 bath (oxidation peak occurs at 1.00–1.40 V) and asymmetry in Mn(NO3)2 plating solution (negative current value at 1.00–1.18 V). The current rapidly rises to a large peak current at 1.25 V.
Recent advances in MXene-based force sensors: a mini-review
Authors: Tan Dongchen , Jiang Chengming , Cao Xuguang , Sun Nan , Li Qikun , Bi Sheng , Song Jinhui
Published: May 2021

As an emerging two-dimensional (2D) material, MXene has excellent conductivity and abundant surface functional groups.
Green alternative cosolvents to N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone in water polyurethane dispersions
Authors: Germán Lorena , Cuevas José María , Cobos Rubén , Pérez-Alvarez Leyre , Vilas-Vilela José Luis
Published: May 2021

N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone is a toxic dipolar aprotic solvent widely used in the synthesis of polyurethane dispersions (PUD).
Chemoselective bioconjugation based on modular click chemistry with 4-halocoumarins and aryl sulfonates
Authors: Thanzeel F. Yushra , Wolf Christian
Published: May 2021

We report chemoselective and modular peptide bioconjugation using stoichiometric amounts of 4-halocoumarin and arylsulfonate agents that undergo metal-free C(sp2)-heteroatom bond formation at micromolar concentrations.
Nanoarchitectonics on living cells
Authors: Ariga Katsuhiko , Fakhrullin Rawil
Published: May 2021

We can introduce functional structures with various components on a living cell as if architectures were constructed on material surfaces.
Continuous-flow diazotization of red base KD hydrochloride suspensions in a microreaction system
Authors: Wang Fa-Jun , Chen An , Ling Si-da , Xu Jian-Hong
Published: May 2021

A continuous-flow microreaction system has been developed to perform the diazotization reaction of red base KD suspensions. The yield of the diazotization reaction could reach over 99% in 21.2 s under optimized conditions.
Mass spectrometry-based chemical mapping and profiling toward molecular understanding of diseases in precision medicine
Authors: Hu Yechen , Wang Zhongcheng , Liu Liang , Zhu Jianhua , Zhang Dongxue , Xu Mengying , Zhang Yuanyuan , Xu Feifei , Chen Yun
Published: May 2021

An overview of MS-based chemical mapping and profiling, indicating its contributions to the molecular understanding of diseases in precision medicine by answering "what", "where", "how many" and "whose” chemicals underlying clinical phenotypes.
Translating daily COVID-19 screening into a simple glucose test: a proof of concept study
Authors: Liu Ran , Hu Yuansheng , He Ying , Lan Tian , Zhang Jingjing
Published: May 2021

COVID-19 glucose test: translating SARS-CoV-2 detection into a glucose test is achieved by incorporating target-responsive rolling circle amplification and a CRISPR-based collateral cleavage module with a portable glucose meter.
Rapid and accurate estimation of protein–ligand relative binding affinities using site-identification by ligand competitive saturation
Authors: Goel Himanshu , Hazel Anthony , Ustach Vincent D. , Jo Sunhwan , Yu Wenbo , MacKerell Alexander D.
Published: May 2021

Predicting relative protein–ligand binding affinities is a central pillar of lead optimization efforts in structure-based drug design.
Tracking the evolution of embryonic zeolites into hierarchical ZSM-5
Authors: Alonso-Doncel M. , Peral A. , Ochoa-Hernández C. , Sanz R. , Serrano D. P.
Published: May 2021

The use of organosilanes as mesopore generating agents produces hierarchical zeolites with enhanced accessibility, outstanding catalytic properties and great potential for the development of nanocomposite materials.
Three-in-one: achieving a robust and effective hydrogen-evolving hybrid material by integrating polyoxometalate, a photo-responsive metal–organic framework, and in situ generated Pt nanoparticles
Authors: Jiao Le , Dong Yuanyuan , Xin Xing , Wang Ruijie , Lv Hongjin
Published: May 2021

A three-in-one hybrid material (P2W18@NU-1000-Pt) was constructed and investigated as an effective and robust photocatalyst towards hydrogen production in a water-compatible photocatalytic system.
The effect of an anode functional layer on the steam electrolysis performances of protonic solid oxide cells
Authors: Tang Chunmei , Akimoto Katsuya , Wang Ning , Fadillah Laras , Kitano Sho , Habazaki Hiroki , Aoki Yoshitaka
Published: May 2021

Improved electrochemical performances of protonic solid oxide steam electrolysis cells based on a BaZr0.6Ce0.2Y0.1Yb0.1O3−δ electrolyte with a La0.5Sr0.5CoO3−δ anode functional nanolayer.
The membrane-targeting mechanism of host defense peptides inspiring the design of polypeptide-conjugated gold nanoparticles exhibiting effective antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Wu Yueming , Liu Longqiang , Xiao Ximian , Cong Zihao , Shao Ning , Qiao Zhongqian , Chen Kang , Liu Shiqi , Zhang Haodong , Ji Zhemin , Shao Xiaoyan , Dai Yidong , He Hongyan , Xia Jiang , Fei Jian , Liu Runhui
Published: May 2021

The membrane-targeting mechanism of host defense peptides inspiring the design of polypeptide-conjugated gold nanoparticles exhibiting effective antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Neural and electromyography PEDOT electrodes for invasive stimulation and recording
Authors: Rossetti Nicolò , Hagler Jo’Elen , Kateb Pierre , Cicoira Fabio
Published: May 2021

The conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is increasingly used for implantable electrodes. This review discusses the key aspects of PEDOT-based implantable electrodes for neural recording, stimulation and electromyography.
The quest for single component molecular metals within neutral transition metal complexes
Authors: Velho Mariana F. G. , Silva Rafaela A. L. , Belo Dulce
Published: May 2021

The first Single Component Molecular Metals (SCMM) were reported twenty years ago. This review will address their main design, synthetic routes and physical properties.
Rational incorporation of covalent organic framework/carbon nanotube (COF/CNT) composites for electrochemical aptasensing of ultra-trace atrazine
Authors: Zhu Qian-Qian , Li Hong-Kai , Sun Xiao-Long , Han Zhang-Ye , Sun Jianchao , He Hongming
Published: May 2021

A COF/CNT-based electrochemical aptasensor is constructed to detect atrazine with high sensitivity, good selectivity, fine repeatability and long-term stability.
Feasible strategies to promote the sensing performances of spinel MCo2O4(M = Ni, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn) based electrochemical sensors: a review
Authors: Gonçalves Josué M. , Rocha Diego P. , Silva Murillo N. T. , Martins Paulo R. , Nossol Edson , Angnes Lúcio , Rout Chandra Sekhar , Munoz Rodrigo A. A.
Published: May 2021

Electrochemical and gas sensors based on MCo2O4 (M = Ni, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn) materials and their composites have demonstrated relevant advances on the electrochemical sensing, as summarized in this review article.
Spin-ladder behaviour in molecular materials
Authors: Silva Rafaela A. L. , Almeida Manuel
Published: May 2021

Spin-ladders are fascinating quantum magnetic systems. Their structural and magnetic properties and the possibilities offered by molecular units of different nature and crystal engineering tools to prepare molecular spin-ladders are discussed.
Intervention Planning for the Tinnitus E-Programme 2.0, an Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for Tinnitus
Authors: Greenwell Kate , Sereda Magdalena , Bradbury Katherine , Geraghty Adam W. A. , Coulson Neil S. , Hoare Derek J.
Published: May 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to comprehensively describe the intervention planning process for the Tinnitus E-Programme 2.0, an Internet-based cognitive behavioral intervention for tinnitus.

Method

Theory-, evidence-, and person-based approaches to intervention development were used. In Phase 1, quantitative systematic reviews were used to identify potentially effective intervention techniques and design features. Primary mixed-methods research involving adults with tinnitus explored the acceptability of the first version of the intervention. In Phase 2, person-based guiding principles highlighted key intervention design objectives and features to address needs of the intervention's target group (identified in Phase 1) to maximize its acceptability, feasibility of delivery, and effectiveness. Theory-based “behavioral analysis” and “logic modeling” comprehensively described intervention content and potential mechanisms of action. From this planning work, a prototype intervention was developed.

Results

The intervention design objectives outlined in the guiding principles were to (a) normalize tinnitus, (b) support users to maintain a regular relaxation practice, (c) minimize the worsening of users' tinnitus sensation, and (d) ensure the intervention is accessible to those with hearing loss. Behavioral analysis and logic modeling identified intervention processes (e.g., illness perceptions, beliefs about consequences, skills, goals) and purported mediators (acceptance of tinnitus, negative thinking, use of the cognitive skills tools for managing negative thoughts, and practicing regular relaxation) hypothesized to facilitate reductions in tinnitus symptom severity.

Conclusions

The guiding principles highlight key design objectives and features to consider when developing interventions for tinnitus. The logic model offers hypothesized mechanisms of action that can be tested in future process analyses.
A low‐loss Ka‐band waveguide to substrate integrated waveguide transition based on ridged stepped‐impedance transformer
Authors: García Pérez J. A. , Goussetis G. , Fan H. , Ding Y.
Published: May 2021

A low‐loss Ka‐band transition from waveguide to substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is presented based on ridge waveguide stepped‐impedance transformer. This novel transition can operate across a full Ka‐band (26.5 to 40 GHz) with an insertion loss lower than 0.59 dB and return loss over 14.2 dB. Furthermore, compared to existing transitions the introduction of ridges reduces the metal usage, resulting in weight reduction and offering an encouraging application for weight‐sensitive satellite communications (SatComs).
An LPC pole processing method for enhancing the identification of dominant spectral features
Authors: Xu Jin , Davis Mark , de Fréin Ruairí
Published: May 2021

This paper proposes a new time‐resolved spectral analysis method based on a modification to the linear predictive coding (LPC) method for enhancing the identification of the dominant frequencies of a signal. The method described here is based on a z‐plane analysis of the LPC poles. These poles are used to produce a series of reduced order filter transfer functions which can accurately identify and estimate the frequency of the dominant spectral features. The standard LPC method has been shown to suffer from a sensitivity to noise and its performance is dependent on the filter order. The proposed method can accurately identify the dominant frequency components over a range of filter orders and is shown to be robust in the presence of noise. Compared with traditional time‐resolved methods, it is a parameterised method where the identification of the dominant frequency changes can be directly obtained in the form of frequency measurements. In a series of 10,000 Monte Carlo experiments on single component and multiple component signals, this LPC pole processing method outperforms the standard LPC method by accurately identifying the dominant frequency components in the signals.
Probing the structure of a massive filament: ArTéMiS 350 and 450 μm mapping of the integral-shaped filament in Orion A
Authors: Schuller F. , André Ph. , Shimajiri Y. , Zavagno A. , Peretto N. , Arzoumanian D. , Csengeri T. , Könyves V. , Palmeirim P. , Pezzuto S. , Rigby A. , Roussel H. , Ajeddig H. , Dumaye L. , Gallais P. , Le Pennec J. , Martignac J. , Mattern M. , Revéret V. , Rodriguez L. , Talvard M.
Published: May 2021

Context. The Orion molecular cloud is the closest region of high-mass star formation. It is an ideal target for investigating the detailed structure of massive star-forming filaments at high resolution and the relevance of the filament paradigm for the earliest stages of intermediate- to high-mass star formation.

Aims. Within the Orion A molecular cloud, the integral-shaped filament (ISF) is a prominent, degree-long structure of dense gas and dust with clear signs of recent and ongoing high-mass star formation. Our aim is to characterise the structure of this massive filament at moderately high angular resolution (8′′ or ~0.016 pc) in order to measure the intrinsic width of the main filament, down to scales well below 0.1 pc, which has been identified as the characteristic width of filaments.

Methods. We used the ArTéMiS bolometer camera at APEX to map a ~0.6 × 0.2 deg2 region covering OMC-1, OMC-2, and OMC-3 at 350 and 450 μm. We combined these data with Herschel-SPIRE maps to recover extended emission. The combined Herschel-ArTéMiS maps provide details on the distribution of dense cold material, with a high spatial dynamic range, from our 8′′ resolution up to the transverse angular size of the map, ~10–15′. By combining Herschel and ArTéMiS data at 160, 250, 350, and 450 μm, we constructed high-resolution temperature and H2 column density maps. We extracted radial intensity profiles from the column density map in several representative portions of the ISF, which we fitted with Gaussian and Plummer models to derive their intrinsic widths. We also compared the distribution of material traced by ArTéMiS with that seen in the higher-density tracer N2H+(1–0) that was recently observed with the ALMA interferometer.

Results. All the radial profiles that we extracted show a clear deviation from a Gaussian, with evidence for an inner plateau that had not previously been seen clearly using Herschel-only data. We measure intrinsic half-power widths in the range 0.06–0.11 pc. This is significantly larger than the Gaussian widths measured for fibres seen in N2H+, which probably only traces the dense innermost regions of the large-scale filament. These half-power widths are within a factor of two of the value of ~0.1 pc found for a large sample of nearby filaments in various low-mass star-forming regions, which tends to indicate that the physical conditions governing the fragmentation of pre-stellar cores within transcritical or supercritical filaments are the same over a large range of masses per unit length.
HADES RV programme with HARPS-N at TNG
Authors: Maldonado J. , Petralia A. , Damasso M. , Pinamonti M. , Scandariato G. , González-Álvarez E. , Affer L. , Micela G. , Lanza A. F. , Leto G. , Poretti E. , Sozzetti A. , Perger M. , Giacobbe P. , Zanmar Sánchez R. , Maggio A. , González Hernández J. I. , Rebolo R. , Ribas I. , Suárez-Mascareño A. , Toledo-Padrón B. , Bignamini A. , Molinari E. , Covino E. , Claudi R. , Desidera S. , Herrero E. , Morales J. C. , Pagano I. , Piotto G.
Published: May 2021

Context. It is now well-established that small, rocky planets are common around low-mass stars. However, the detection of such planets is challenged by the short-term activity of host stars.

Aims. The HARPS-N red Dwarf Exoplanet Survey programme is a long-term project at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo aimed at monitoring nearby, early-type, M dwarfs, using the HARPS-N spectrograph to search for small, rocky planets.

Methods. A total of 174 HARPS-N spectroscopic observations of the M0.5V-type star GJ 9689 taken over the past seven years have been analysed. We combined these data with photometric measurements to disentangle signals related to the stellar activity of the star from possible Keplerian signals in the radial velocity data. We ran an MCMC analysis, applying Gaussian process regression techniques to model the signals present in the data.

Results. We identify two periodic signals in the radial velocity time series, with periods of 18.27 and 39.31 d. The analysis of the activity indexes, photometric data, and wavelength dependency of the signals reveals that the 39.31 d signal corresponds to the stellar rotation period. On the other hand, the 18.27 d signal shows no relation to any activity proxy or the first harmonic of the rotation period. We, therefore, identify it as a genuine Keplerian signal. The best-fit model describing the newly found planet, GJ 9689 b, corresponds to an orbital period of Pb = 18.27 ± 0.01 d and a minimum mass of MP sini = 9.65 ± 1.41 M⊕.
Early warning signals of failures in building management systems
Authors: Mesa-Jiménez José Joaquín , Stokes Lee , Yang QingPing , Livina Valerie
Published: May 2021

In the context of sensor data generated by Building Management Systems (BMS), early warning signals are still an unexplored topic. The early detection of anomalies can help preventing malfunctions of key parts of a heating, cooling and air conditioning (HVAC) system that may lead to a range of BMS problems, from important energy waste to fatal errors in the worst case. We analyse early warning signals in BMS sensor data for early failure detection. In this paper, the studied failure is a malfunction of one specific Air Handling Unit (AHU) control system that causes temperature spikes of up to 30 degrees Celsius due to overreaction of the heating and cooling valves in response to an anomalous temperature change caused by the pre-heat coil in winter period in a specific area of a manufacturing facility. For such purpose, variance, lag-1 autocorrelation function (ACF1), power spectrum (PS) and variational autoencoder (VAE) techniques are applied to both univariate and multivariate scenarios. The univariate scenario considers the application of these techniques to the control variable only (the one that displays the failure), whereas the multivariate analysis considers the variables affecting the control variable for the same purpose. Results show that anomalies can be detected up to 32 hours prior to failure, which gives sufficient time to BMS engineers to prevent a failure and therefore, an proactive approach to BMS failures is adopted instead of a reactive one.
Complexity Analysis of stochastic gradient methods for PDE-constrained optimal Control Problems with uncertain parameters
Authors: Martin Matthieu , Krumscheid Sebastian , Nobile Fabio
Published: May 2021

We consider the numerical approximation of an optimal control problem for an elliptic Partial Differential Equation (PDE) with random coefficients. Specifically, the control function is a deterministic, distributed forcing term that minimizes the expected squaredL2misfit between the state (i.e.solution to the PDE) and a target function, subject to a regularization for well posedness. For the numerical treatment of this risk-averse Optimal Control Problem (OCP) we consider a Finite Element discretization of the underlying PDE, a Monte Carlo sampling method, and gradient-type iterations to obtain the approximate optimal control. We provide full error and complexity analyses of the proposed numerical schemes. In particular we investigate the complexity of a conjugate gradient method applied to the fully discretized OCP (so called Sample Average Approximation), in which the Finite Element discretization and Monte Carlo sample are chosen in advance and kept fixed over the iterations. This is compared with aStochastic Gradientmethod on a fixed or varying Finite Element discretization, in which the expectation in the computation of the steepest descent direction is approximated by Monte Carlo estimators, independent across iterations, with small sample sizes. We show in particular that the second strategy results in an improved computational complexity. The theoretical error estimates and complexity results are confirmed by numerical experiments.
Maligne Hyperthermie und Schwangerschaft – Empfehlungen der Europäischen Malignen Hyperthermie Gruppe
Authors: Schuster Frank , Johannsen Stephan
Published: May 2021

Die maligne Hyperthermie ist eine seltene, in der Regel subklinische metabolische Myopathie, die zu einer lebensbedrohlichen metabolischen Entgleisung führen kann. Um im Falle einer notwendigen Anästhesie eine Gefährdung der Betroffenen zu vermeiden, müssen im Vorfeld entsprechende Vorkehrungen getroffen werden. Gerade bei einer Schwangerschaft stellt dies den Anästhesisten vor erheblichen Herausforderungen.

Durch die Europäische Maligne Hyperthermie Gruppe wurde im Mai 2019 eine Richtlinie zum Vorgehen bei einer gesicherten oder vermuteten Disposition zur malignen Hyperthermie und einer Schwangerschaft publiziert. Der vorliegende Artikel fasst die Empfehlungen zusammen und beschreibt mögliche Vorgehensweisen bei der Betreuung von schwangeren Patientinnen mit einer MH-Veranlagung.
Numerical investigation of thermally developed MHD flow with pulsation in a channel with multiple constrictions
Authors: Ali Amjad , Fatima Attia , Bukhari Zainab , Farooq Hamayun , Abbas Zaheer
Published: May 2021

This article concerns heat transfer analysis in pulsating flow in a channel with walls having multiple symmetric constrictions. The flow is influenced by Lorentz force and thermal radiation. The unsteady governing equations, simplified for low conducting fluids, are solved by the finite difference method using the stream–vorticity function formulation. The effects of the emerging parameters, including the magnetic field parameter (Hartman number), Reynolds number, Prandtl number, and radiation parameter on various flow profiles, are studied. The profiles of dimensionless axial velocity, temperature, wall shear stress (WSS), skin friction coefficient, and local Nusselt number are discussed graphically. The profiles are examined at various prominent axial locations and time instants of the pulse cycle. The WSS has a direct relation with the Hartmann and Strouhal numbers. The WSS generated at the first constriction is higher than that at the second constriction. The WSS increases with an increase in the Strouhal number in the accelerating phase and decreases in the decelerating phase on both the constrictions. The temperature decreases with an increase in the Hartman and Prandtl numbers at the constricted portion of the channel. The radiation parameter directly affects the temperature and inversely affects the Nusselt number at the constricted part of the channel. However, in general, the flow profiles exhibit irregular patterns downstream of the constriction. The Nusselt profiles are higher at the first encountered constriction bump than that at the next bumps.
Physicochemical properties and fatty acid profile of meat from lambs fed with a blend of spineless cactus and sugarcane
Authors: de Oliveira Juliana P. F. , Ferreira Marcelo de A. , Alves Adryanne M. S. V. , de Melo Ana C. C. , de Carvalho Francisco F. R. , Urbano Stela A. , Suassuna Juraci M. A. , de Azevedo Paulo. S. , Madruga Marta S. , Siqueira Thamires D. Q.
Published: May 2021

Context Cactus is an important feed resource, widely cultivated in the semi-arid Brazilian north-east owing to its resistance to drought, high production potential and high nutritional value. It is also an excellent source of energy. Therefore, its use in the diet of sheep should be optimised. Aims This study was designed to evaluate effects of different ratios of a spineless cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera) to sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) (Cac:Sug ratio) as source of dietary roughage on the physicochemical properties and fatty acid (FA) profile of meat from lambs. Methods Experimental treatments were diets with four Cac:Sug ratios (0:3, 1:2, 2:1 and 3:0) (477 g/kg as fed) in a complete randomised block design, using 36 uncastrated male lambs (Santa Ines breed) of average initial bodyweight 22.0 ± 2.3 kg housed in individual pens. Lambs were slaughtered after 100 days and meat samples (longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle) taken. Key results Cac:Sug ratio in the roughage of the diet did not influence (P > 0.05) moisture, protein, total lipid or ash contents, pH24h, expressed juice, cooking weight losses, shear force, or colour parameters of LL muscle. However, there was a linear increase in cholesterol (P = 0.013) concentration of the meat. Increasing Cac:Sug ratio in the diet did not affect (P > 0.05) the saturated FAs (SFAs) C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C15:0, C16:0, C17:0 and C20:0; monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) C14:1 n–5cis, C17:1 n–7cis and C20:1 n–9cis; polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) C18:2 n–6cis, C18:3 n–6, C18:3 n–3, C20:2 n–6cis, C20:5 n–3cis (eicosapentaenoic acid) and C22:5 n–3 (docosapentaenoic acid); ∑n–6:∑n–3 ratio; or nutraceutical compounds. There was a linear decrease in Δ9-desaturases C16 (P = 0.042) and C18 (P < 0.001) with the increasing Cac:Sug ratio, and a quadratic decrease in C18:2 n–6trans concentration (P = 0.045). The ∑SFAs and ∑MUFAs of LL muscle tended to increase linearly with increasing Cac:Sug ratio. Conclusion Most of the physicochemical parameters of the meat of lambs were not changed by the Cac:Sug ratio in the diets. A diet containing up to 48% of DM as spineless cactus plus sugarcane in a 1:2 ratio was found to be satisfactory for finishing lambs. Implications Cac:Sug ratio up to 1:2 (spineless cactus 159 g and sugarcane 318 g/kg DM total diet) may be a useful feed strategy for lamb meat producers because improved lipid composition enriched with C18:0 and higher ∑PUFA:∑SFA ratio is considered healthy for human consumption without affecting most physical and chemical properties.
Imaging Cannabinoid Receptors: A Brief Collection of Covalent and Fluorescent Probes for CB
Authors: Hamilton Alexander J. , Payne Alan D. , Mocerino Mauro , Gunosewoyo Hendra
Published: May 2021

There has been an expanding public interest towards the notion that modulation of the sophisticated endocannabinoid system can lead to various therapeutic benefits that are yet to be fully explored. In recent years, the drug discovery paradigm in this field has been largely based on the development of selective CB2 receptor agonists, avoiding the unwanted CB1 receptor-mediated psychoactive side effects. Mechanistically, target engagement studies are crucial for confirming the ligand–receptor interaction and the subsequent biological cascades that lead to the observed therapeutic effects. Concurrently, imaging techniques for visualisation of cannabinoid receptors are increasingly reported in the literature. Small molecule imaging tools ranging from phytocannabinoids such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) to the endocannabinoids as well as the purely synthetic cannabimimetics, have been explored to date with varying degrees of success. This Review will cover currently known photoactivatable, electrophilic, and fluorescent ligands for both the CB1 and CB2 receptors. Structural insights from techniques such as ligand-assisted protein structure (LAPS) and the discovery of novel allosteric modulators are significant additions for better understanding of the endocannabinoid system. There has also been a plethora of fluorescent conjugates that have been assessed for their binding to cannabinoid receptors as well as their potential for cellular imaging. More recently, bifunctional probes containing either fluorophores or electrophilic tags are becoming more prevalent in the literature. Collectively, these molecular tools are invaluable in demonstrating target engagement within the human endocannabinoid system.
SAMM50 acts with p62 in piecemeal basal- and OXPHOS-induced mitophagy of SAM and MICOS components
Authors: Abudu Yakubu Princely , Shrestha Birendra Kumar , Zhang Wenxin , Palara Anthimi , Brenne Hanne Britt , Larsen Kenneth Bowitz , Wolfson Deanna Lynn , Dumitriu Gianina , Øie Cristina Ionica , Ahluwalia Balpreet Singh , Levy Gahl , Behrends Christian , Tooze Sharon A. , Mouilleron Stephane , Lamark Trond , Johansen Terje
Published: May 2021

Mitophagy is the degradation of surplus or damaged mitochondria by autophagy. In addition to programmed and stress-induced mitophagy, basal mitophagy processes exert organelle quality control. Here, we show that the sorting and assembly machinery (SAM) complex protein SAMM50 interacts directly with ATG8 family proteins and p62/SQSTM1 to act as a receptor for a basal mitophagy of components of the SAM and mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) complexes. SAMM50 regulates mitochondrial architecture by controlling formation and assembly of the MICOS complex decisive for normal cristae morphology and exerts quality control of MICOS components. To this end, SAMM50 recruits ATG8 family proteins through a canonical LIR motif and interacts with p62/SQSTM1 to mediate basal mitophagy of SAM and MICOS components. Upon metabolic switch to oxidative phosphorylation, SAMM50 and p62 cooperate to mediate efficient mitophagy.
Magnetic field amplification to gigagauss scale via hydrodynamic flows and dynamos driven by femtosecond lasers
Authors: Jiang K , Pukhov A , Zhou C T
Published: May 2021

Reaching gigagauss magnetic fields opens new horizons both in atomic and plasma physics. At these magnetic field strengths, the electron cyclotron energy ℏω
c becomes comparable to the atomic binding energy (the Rydberg), and the cyclotron frequency ω
c approaches the plasma frequency at solid state densities that significantly modifies optical properties of the target. The generation of such strong quasistatic magnetic fields in laboratory remains a challenge. Using supercomputer simulations, we demonstrate how it can be achieved all-optically by irradiating a micro-channel target by a circularly polarized relativistic femtosecond laser. The laser pulse drives a strong electron vortex along the channel wall, inducing a megagauss longitudinal magnetic field in the channel by the Inverse Faraday Effect. This seed field is then amplified up to a gigagauss level and maintained on a sub-picosecond time scale by the synergistic effect of hydrodynamic flows and dynamos. Our scheme sets a possible platform for producing long living extreme magnetic fields in laboratories using readily available lasers. The concept might also be relevant for applications such as magneto-inertial fusion.
Connes distance of 2D harmonic oscillators in quantum phase space*
Authors: Lin Bing-Sheng , Heng Tai-Hua
Published: May 2021

We study the Connes distance of quantum states of two-dimensional (2D) harmonic oscillators in phase space. Using the Hilbert–Schmidt operatorial formulation, we construct a boson Fock space and a quantum Hilbert space, and obtain the Dirac operator and a spectral triple corresponding to a four-dimensional (4D) quantum phase space. Based on the ball condition, we obtain some constraint relations about the optimal elements. We construct the corresponding optimal elements and then derive the Connes distance between two arbitrary Fock states of 2D quantum harmonic oscillators. We prove that these two-dimensional distances satisfy the Pythagoras theorem. These results are significant for the study of geometric structures of noncommutative spaces, and it can also help us to study the physical properties of quantum systems in some kinds of noncommutative spaces.
DE-based Algorithm for Solving the Inverse Kinematics on a Robotic Arm Manipulators
Authors: Tam B=UI , Linh TAO , Nguyen Trung , Nguyen Tinh , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Watanabe Dai
Published: May 2021

DE algorithm method for Solving the inverse kinematics is a fundamental problem in the robotics field especially in controlling industrial robots to move following a pre-defined trajectory. In this paper, we proposed to use a meta-heuristic optimization algorithm, namely Differential Evolution (DE), to solve the Inverse Kinematic (IK) problem for a five-degree-of-freedom (DOF) articulated robot. By considering joints’ angles as continuous variables, the process of solving the Inverse Kinematic problem for the robot with the optimal algorithm has been significantly improved in terms of accuracy, execution time, standard deviation (STD) and the number of iterations needed as well. The algorithm has been applied to solve the Inverse Kinematic problem on the 5-Degree of Freedom 5R robot model. The simulation results for three case studies showed that our method can solve the inverse kinematics problem efficiently not only for minimum errors but also for smooth value of the joints’ variables.
Design and Fabrication of Silo Cleaning Robot Using Vacuum Principle
Authors: Nguyen Chi-Cong , Nguyen Van-Tinh , Tao Ngoc-Linh , Nguyen Thanh-Trung , Nguyen Ngoc-Kien , Bui Ngoc-Tam
Published: May 2021

This paper presents a mechanical design and motion-control system of a Wall-Climbing Robot (WCR) which can move on the silo’s surface for cleaning purposes. One of the most challenges with this type of robot that the researchers confront is how to keep the robot moving steadily on the wall with the most optimal approach. In this study, a new mechanical design of the Wall-Climbing robot using the Vacuum principle and wireless control technology were proposed. This version of the robot enhances the ability of its movement on the silo’s wall and optimizes control system. In detail, the Minimum Required Adhesion Force (FMRA) is calculated to be balanced with gravity and its torque. Moreover, a Wireless Control System (WCS) is designed to drive the Robot remotely. The optimal control trajectory and velocities are given based on theory calculations and comparisons.
Research on Prediction of Vertical Water Wall Temperature of Power Station Boiler Based on Deep Learning and Expert Experience
Authors: Du Xian-tao , Cui Yu-jia , Wang Ming-hao , Xia Liang-wei , Yu Qiang , Huang Ying
Published: May 2021

Based on deep learning and expert experience to predict the temperature of the vertical water wall of a power station boiler, the research is based on real-time or offline data collected by the power station boiler, and the data is processed through expert experience and algorithms to divide the data set. Based on three deep learning algorithms, an algorithm learning machine is established. Through this learning machine and expert experience, the temperature of the vertical water wall of the power station boiler is predicted. At the same time, this paper also realizes rolling real-time prediction of vertical water wall temperature. The results show that the model can accurately predict the temperature of the vertical water wall, thereby providing reference guidance for the operation of power station boilers.
Profitability, income inequality, and subjective well-being of mariculture households in China
Authors: Wu Jing , Yang Hongbo , Yang Wu
Published: May 2021

Mariculture has a profound potential to sustainably meet the escalating demands for food and livelihoods. However, the socioeconomic impacts of small-scale aquaculture (SSA) are poorly understood, particularly for marine SSA in China, a leading global producer of aquaculture products. Using detailed household surveys, we comprehensively evaluated profitability, income inequality, and subjective well-being of marine SSA households in a representative coastal city in Southeastern China. Our results show that mariculture practices increased income but exacerbated income inequality in animal mariculture households (AMHs) and seaweed mariculture households (SMHs). Earnings from AMHs (544 549 yuan) were four times higher than those of SMHs (141 172 yuan) although AMHs were twice as likely to make a loss (27.4% versus 12.5%). Natural capital (11.37%) and the cultured variety (12.40%) were the main contributors to mariculture income inequality for AMHs, while manufactured capital (27.59%) and previous mariculture experience (8.59%) were significant for SMHs. The well-being of AMHs was better than that of SMHs. Our results suggest that secure access to sea areas, provision of financial options to mariculture smallholders, as well as diversification in mariculture type and variety could promote the socioeconomic sustainability of mariculture development.
The effect of alkaline-autoclaving delignification on chemical component changes of sugarcane trash
Authors: Pramasari D A , Sondari D , Rachmawati S A , Ningrum R S , Sufiandi S
Published: May 2021

Sugarcane trash (ST) is lignocellulosic biomass that available abundantly during the sugarcane is harvested as a side product of sugarcane plantation. Several research groups have already reported their ST delignification. However, there is still needs to find a suitable delignification technique for improving recovery of cellulose and eliminate lignin and hemicellulose from a complex structure of ST. One of the methods for delignification is used alkaline with a high temperature. Hence, the research aim is to investigate the effect of alkaline-autoclaving delignification method on chemical component changes of ST. The different sample of ST including washing process and microwave-assisted maleic acid pretreatment prior to the delignification process with 2% NaOH combine with autoclaving in 121°C temperature was used in this study compare with the initial sample. The chemical composition changes in pretreated solid fractions and reducing sugar in pretreated liquid were analyzed. The functional properties were also analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The results showed that microwave-assisted maleic acid pretreatment before delignification was the effective treatment in this study to eliminate lignin (88.11%) and hemicellulose (44.07%) and cellulose recovery (78.40%) than that other treatment. Besides, the reducing sugar obtained from microwave-assisted maleic acid pretreatment 3.2 times and 3.6 times higher than that initial biomass and washing treatment, respectively. The FTIR spectra showed that washing treatment affects increasing absorbance of hydroxyl group while the maleic acid pretreatment was also increasing absorbance of carbonyl and the aromatic group that is a feature of lignin compound.
Improve the texture of white bread from cassava flour (gluten free)
Authors: Kartikasari S N , Leseni N K , Ida N C
Published: May 2021

Abstract.The production of white bread made from cassava has a hard texture, is easily crushed and is not elastic, so that new innovations are needed to have a soft and elastic texture. The research objective was to improve the texture of bakery products (white bread) made from cassava flour. Data analysis used ANOVA analysis of variance at the 5% level and further testing using the LSD (Least Significant Difference) method. The design was carried out using RAL, carried out three times with the variable treatment of 3 types of flour (Dioscorea esculenta, pachyrhizus erosus and Dahlia sp.), and variable fermentation time (0, 24, 48, 72 hours). The variables observed included physical, chemical and functional properties. The research was conducted in three stages (production of cassava flour, Dioscorea esculenta, Pachyrhizus erosus and Dahlia sp, characterization, and making bread made from cassava). Based on its characteristics, the addition of improver flour (B1) pachyrhizus erosus 3% in making white bread made from cassava can improve the resulting bread with a soft texture (119.18 ± 1.09 g / 10 mm), expand power (126.67) . ± 0.24%). Based on the effectiveness test, treatment B1 has the highest effectiveness with a value of 1
Effect of liquid seaweed extracts as biostimulant on vegetative growth of soybean
Authors: Noli Z A , Suwirmen  , Aisyah  , Aliyyanti P
Published: May 2021

Seaweeds are an important sustainable marine source and extracts from them have been applied as plant biostimulants. Seaweed-based extracts have been recently employed as sustainable tools to improve abiotic stress tolerance and increase growth and quality of plant. The research aimed to evaluate the effect of liquid seaweed extracts from some species of seaweeds with different concentrations on vegetative growth of soybean. Samples of seaweed were collected on Kasiak Gadang Island, Nirwana Beach, Padang, West Sumatra. Species of seaweed we tested were Padina minor, Sargassum crassifolium, Sargassum cristaefolium and Turbinaria decurrens and concentration of liquid extracts were control, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.4%. The result showed that P. minor liquid extract increasing some parameters including height, number of leaves, number of branches and fresh weight. While the dry weight of soybean was similar among the treatments in soybean. 0.4% concentration of seaweed extract significantly improves all parameters of vegetative growth of soybean.
Gibberelin and phosphorus application in growth, production and the quality of okra pods (Abelmoschus esculantus l. Moench)
Authors: Soeparjono S , Arifiana N B , Avivi S
Published: May 2021

Okra is one of vegetable most underdeveloped in Indonesia, but request increasing every year. Okra’s is still volatile can’t suplay needs of national okra because quality of soil fertility is decreased so that it effect to production and quality of okra. Efforts to fulfill necessiyu and quality of okra thought of gibberellins and phosphorus fertility application. Gibberellin is a hormone can assist in enlargement and engolation cell in growth and develompment plants. Phosphorus fertility is an essenstial nutrien is compenent of ATP energy in plants. The experimental design used was Randomized Block Design with 2 Factors and 3 Replication. The first Factor isconcentration of gibberelin that is Whitout giving GA3 (G0), 50 mg/l GA3 (G1), 100 mg/l GA3 (G2), 150 mg/l GA3 (G3). The second factor is application of phosphorus fertility that is 75kg/ha SP-36 (P1), 100kg/ha SP-36 (P2), 125kg/ha SP-36 (P3) dan 150kg/ha SP-36 (P4). So there is 16 combination with 3 replication. The data analyzed with Duncan multiple range test and the smallest significant difference test (α, 5%). The result of this study is 100 mg/l GA3 Gibberellin and 150kg/ha SP-36 treatmen can increase internode of plants tune of 33, 150kg/ha SP-36 treatment increase height of plant tune of 142.58 cm. The 100 mg/l GA3 Gibberellin and 150kg/ha SP-36 increased the leaf area by 2.03 cm. 100 mg/l GA3 Gibberellin and 150kg/ha SP-36 treatmen can increased to pods weight was 154.8 grams and pod production was 6,45 tons. 150kg/ha SP-36 treatment increased to the proteint content of the pods is 2.13%.
Adaptation test of various dry-land composite corn varieties in Sigi regency, Central Sulawesi
Authors: Juradi M A , Heni SP , Suwitra I K , Fahmi F N , Negara A , Ardjanhar A , Abid M
Published: May 2021

The study aims to determine the adaptation of several varieties of composite corn in dry land. The study was carried out in Bulili Village, Nokilalaki Subdistrict, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi Province with an area of 6 hectares, conducted in March to June 2019. The research design used was Randomized Design, consisted of four composite corn varieties (Sukmaraga, Lamuru, Srikandi Kuning and Anoman) as a treatment with eight replications. Variability adaptation test is equipped with an economic feasibility analysis and farmer perception to composite corn. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (F Test) and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level. Economic feasibility was measured using RC ratio while farmer perception was measured by scoring methods. Materials and tools used include composite corn seeds, Dry Soil Test Equipment, and scales. Adaptation observation parameters include growth and yield components. The results of the study showed that the Lamuru variety gave a significantly different growth and yield compare to Sukmaraga, Srikandi Kuning and Anoman varieties. Appropriate and high-yielding varieties at the study site were Lamuru and Sukmaraga (8 t /ha) and the lowest was Anoman (7 t / ha). All economically feasible which respectifully RC ratios are Lamuru 1.30, Sukmaraga 1.30, Srikandi Kuning 1.22; and Anoman 1.17.