bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of ecological restoration in mainland China on the terrestrial water budget using GRACE/GRACE-FO and other data.
Authors: Velicogna Isabella , Zhao Meng , A Geruo Geruo
Published: October 2020

Large-scale ecological restoration (ER) has been successful in curbing land degradation and improving ecosystem services. Previous studies show that ER changes individual water flux or storage, but its net impact on total water resources remains unknown. Here we quantify ER impact on total terrestrial water storage (TWS) in the Mu Us Sandyland of northern China, a hotspot of ER practices. By integrating GRACE with other satellite observations and government reports, we construct a TWS record that covers both the pre-ER (1982-1998) and the post-ER periods (2003-2016). We observe a significant TWS depletion after ER, a substantial deviation from the pre-ER condition. This contrasts with a TWS increase simulated by an ecosystem model that excludes human interventions, indicating that ER is the primary cause for the observed water depletion. We estimate that ER has consumed TWS at an average rate of 16.6 ± 5.0 mm yr-1 during the post-ER period, an alarming rate comparable to those caused by groundwater irrigation in California’s Central Valley and North China Plain. We further discuss whether the trend will continue under different ER strategies given a projected warming and wetting climate. Our study explores a new interdisciplinary application of GRACE/GRACE-FO in quantifying land use change impact on freshwater availability. Our findings show that ER can exert excessive pressure on regional water resources. Sustainable ER strategies require optimizing ecosystem water consumption to balance land restoration and water resource conservation.
Cooperativas Escolares como una forma de fomentar la capacidad emprendedora asociativa de niños y jóvenes
Authors: Radrigán Mario , Dávila Rodríguez Ana María , Bellei Tobar Julián
Published: October 2020

El presente artículo corresponde a la sistematización de una experiencia histórica de casi 20 años de promoción del modelo de cooperativas escolares en Chile, que se inicia el año 1998 con apoyo de la Cooperativa de Ahorro y Crédito COOPEUCH, y que inicialmente fue promovida por el Programa Interdisciplinario de Estudios Asociativos, PROASOCIA, de la Universidad de Chile y posteriormente por el Centro Internacional de Economía Social de la Universidad de Santiago de Chile, que ha tenido siempre el propósito el acercar el modelo empresarial cooperativo a las nuevas generaciones que están inmersas en el medio escolar, y que de esta forma pueden experimentar de forma directa y práctica una iniciativa emprendedora de orientación social. Este artículo presenta la primera sistematización longitudinal que se realiza de esta iniciativa y que además reflexiona sobre los distintas dimensiones críticas que dicen relación con este tipo de experiencias, como son por ejemplo la edad de los participantes, el nivel de involucramiento de los directivos de los centros escolares, la relación con el currículum escolar y las percepciones que los propios estudiantes tienen de sus propias iniciativas, generando con ellos recomendaciones para el impulso de los procesos de promoción del emprendimiento a nivel escolar.
ANÁLISE DE VIBRAÇÕES DE PASSARELA DE PEDESTRES DEVIDO À MOVIMENTAÇÃO HUMANA
Authors: GONÇALVES Paulo Cesar , GRANATO Eduardo Costa , Santos Valquíria Claret , GUIMARÃES Adinele Gomes
Published: October 2020

A otimização de projetos estruturas de passarelas de pedestres leva a utilização de estruturas esbeltas e flexíveis, reduzindo a rigidez e massa da estrutura. Isto acaba resultando em estruturas com baixas frequências naturais, que são mais sensíveis a carregamentos dinâmicos. Estudos dinâmicos comprovam o atendimento ou não a critérios do estado limite de serviço relativos à vibração, e não são contemplados em uma análise estática simplificada. Ações humanas comuns como caminhar, correr e pular são carregamentos aos quais uma passarela estará sujeita durante sua vida útil e devem ser considerados na etapa de projeto. O presente trabalho visa estudar o comportamento teórico de uma passarela de pedestres metálica existente no munícipio de Itajubá-MG, sujeita a carregamentos dinâmicos que representem a movimentação de pedestres avaliando a sua performance em relação a níveis de conforto e serviço de acordo com normas brasileiras e internacionais. A passarela foi modelada no software SAP2000® e foram desenvolvidos estudos estáticos e estudos dinâmicos de vibração livre e forçada. Por meio das análises estáticas foram obtidos valores de deformação e carregamento para efeito de comparação. O estudo de vibração livre permitiu determinar o comportamento natural da passarela e suas frequências naturais. Ao submeter o carregamento dinâmico de pedestres foi obtida uma resposta em termos de vibração da passarela. Os resultados obtidos permitiram verificar que a passarela atende aos critérios de serviço propostos devido a sua elevada rigidez, oriunda de perfis robustos e estrutura treliçada. O conforto dos usuários é atendido nas situações comuns de uso e é satisfatório mesmo para caso de vandalismo.
Short Communication: Frankliniella tenuicornis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), a novel harmful insect to banana (Musa sp.) crops
Authors: Michael Costas , Lima Elison F. B.
Published: October 2020

Aim of study: This study aimed to record a previously unknown harmful insect to banana (Musa sp.) crops, Frankliniella tenuicornis (Uzel).Area of study: Thrips individuals were collected from banana fields located in Paphos District, Cyprus.Material and methods: Specimens of thrips were mounted in permanent microscope and identified using specialized literature. Voucher specimens are deposited in Coleção de História Natural da UFPI, Brazil. Images for species and damage recognition were obtained.Main results: The thrips causes a red-brownish discoloration at the spots where banana fruits touch each other. This cosmetic damage reduces the marketability and/or price of banana fruits. In addition, F. tenuicornis is recorded for the first time in the island of Cyprus.Research highlights: This is the first record of F. tenuicornis damaging banana crops. It constitutes the basic step for future studies in order to produce possible suitable control methods against the new phytosanitary problem.
Multidisciplinary Higher Education Strategies in Small Groups of Health and Social Sciences
Authors: Lobato Rincón Luis-Lucio , Bernárdez Vilaboa Ricardo , Santander del Amo Fernando , Cuevas Lanchares Juan Carlos , Corres-Illera Maria , López Suárez Mercedes , Illera del Portal Josefina María
Published: October 2020

The Small Group Learning (SGL) permeates throughout higher education fields of study. Thus, our aim is to assess the influence of a planned activity of SGL on a variety of competences appraisals through a multidisciplinary perspective. To that end, cooperative learning activities implemented under the SGL approach were programmed for six different degrees. For each activity, students were provided with instructions about what the activity was about and how to make it. Two surveys were scheduled before and after the completion of the SGL. Our findings are presented in a descriptive and quantitative analysis, using surveys with which we examine the pre and post differences in students’ self-reports. As a result, self-perceptions on oral and written expression and bibliography competence increased after the practice of the Small Group Learning (SGL) strategy in students from Social Science degrees as well as in students from Psychology degree. In addition, receiving feedback showed an improvement for the whole sample after doing SGL. Our results confirm that, in order to achieve an excellent quality education, SGL could be applied equally in different fields of study: both Health and Social Sciences. The novelty of this study is that it has been conducted in six different academic degrees and has focused on higher education skills in order to improve future undergraduate’s employability.
Development of Students-Foreigners’ Communicative Competence by Means of Information Technologies under the Conditions of the Medical University
Authors: Vykhrushch Anatolii , Fedchyshyn Nadiya O , Khvalyboha Tetiana , Drach Ihor , Rudenko Marta
Published: October 2020

The article deals with an urgent issue of a systematic research of foreign students studying in Ukraine. Successful learning and social adaptation of young people greatly depend on learning the Ukrainian language. In addition to the obvious advantages, it is advisable to pay particular attention to the system of theoretical and methodological support of the educational process, starting from the author’s textbooks and finishing with modern information technologies. Forming the communicative competence of a medical professional is impossible without taking into account the value-motivational side of this process. In this regard, the communicative training of the healthcare worker is viewed within an axiological approach. As a consequence, professional values are the central category. Peculiarities of future doctors’ professional values formation as a component of communicative competence are considered. The study, aimed at analysing the development of professional qualities of foreign medical students, was conducted at I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University in the 2018-2019 academic year.The study was carried out under the guidance of professors A.Vykhrushch and N. Fedchyshyn by lecturers of I Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University T. Khvalyboha (EdD), I. Drach (PhD), M. Rudenko (PhD) that teach students-foreigners at the Department of the Ukrainian Language and Department of Foreign Languages.
Management of Student Entrepreneurship Development at the West Java-Indonesia Private Islamic College
Authors: Rusdiana Ahmad , Setia Rahman , Muin Abdul , Abdillah Aam
Published: October 2020

This study aims to explore the relations between the factors of the start-up environment and entrepreneurial intentions of students in universities in Vietnam and the Philippines by com­bining key elements of theory of reasoned action, theory of planned behaviour, theory of en­trepreneurial events and model of entrepreneurial potential. Research findings were expected to test the appropriateness of this proposed model in the context of Vietnam and the Philippines. A bilateral survey was carried out among 819 students at five universities in Vietnam and the Philippines and the Structural Equation Modelling was applied to estimate the determinants of the students’ entrepreneurial intentions. The findings indicated that subjective norms, en­trepreneurial education, entrepreneurial desirability, and entrepreneurial motivation were po­sitively related to perceived feasibility. Entrepreneurial education was the key determinant of entrepreneurial intention. Barriers for startups demonstrated a negative effect on the perceived feasibility. The key role of entrepreneurial education to entrepreneurial intention was confirmed in both countries. However, there are existing challenges in entrepreneurial education which required more respective supports from governments to promote the enterprise development.
Gas exchanges, growth and production of okra cultivated with saline water and silicon fertilization
Authors: Lima Geovani Soares de , Souza Cristiane Milenne Alves de , Nobre Reginaldo Gomes , Soares Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos , Gheyi Hans Raj , Cavalcante Lourival Ferreira , Fernandes Pedro Dantas , Guedes Maria Amanda
Published: October 2020

Excess salts in water and/or soil are a critical factor that adversely affects the physiology and growth, besides limiting the production of crops in the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil. One way to reduce the effect of salt stress on plants is by using silicon (Si) fertilization. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the gas exchange, growth, and production of okra cv. Valença as a function of irrigation with saline water and Si doses. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in the municipality of Pombal - PB, Brazil. The experimental design adopted was randomized blocks in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme corresponding to five levels of electrical conductivity of water ECw (0.3, 1.0, 1.7, 2.4, and 3.1 dS m-1) and two doses of Si fertilization (100 and 200 g of Si per plant), with four replicates. Salt stress increased the intercellular concentration of CO2 in the substomatal chamber and reduced the CO2 assimilation rate, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, growth, and production of okra plants. Intrinsic water use efficiency and average weights of okra fruits were not influenced by irrigation with saline water and Si doses. The supply of 200 g Si per plant reduced the deleterious effect of salt stress on stomatal conductance and leaf area of okra, at 45 days after sowing but did not increase production.
Physical and chemical attributes of a soil cultivated with rubber tree under three management strategies
Authors: Santos Yuri Luiz Augusto dos , Ribon Adriana Aparecida , Bitencourt Luis Filipe Caixeta , Barros Leonardo Rodrigues , Fernandes Kathleen , Correchel Vladia , Leandro Wilson Mozena , Backes Clarice , Santo Alessandro José Marques , Giongo Pedro Rogério
Published: October 2020

Rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is a native species of the Amazon biome. This species had great economic importance due to the production of latex, used to obtain natural rubber. Seeking growth in productivity with adequate management is necessary to optimize production and increase areas with rubber trees. This study aimed to verify the physical and chemical attributes of soil under three different managements and two rubber tree clones, searching for the best alternative for the general edaphoclimatic conditions of the Cerrado biome. The experiment was installed in Palmeiras of Goiás, GO, Brazil, in a randomized block design in a 2×3 factorial arrangement, consisting of two rubber tree clones (PB 312 and RRIM 600) and three management strategies (organomineral fertilizer with poultry litter, pigeon pea as green manure, and mechanical mowing-brushcutter). Physical attributes such as soil density, soil penetration resistance, soil moisture and aggregation, soil fertility, and tree development were analyzed. Statistical analyses of variance and Tukey test were carried out in order to compare the dendrometric data and physical and chemical attributes of the soil under the different treatments applied in the inter-row of rubber trees. No significant statistical differences were found among treatments and between clones in relation to soil physical attributes. However, the soil pH reduced the use of organomineral fertilizer and the clone RRIM 600 had the highest heights.
Potential Risk Levels of Invasive Fire Blight in Apple Orchards Around the World
Authors: Vieira R. D. A. , Zambolim L. , Ramos R. S. , da Silva R. S. , Ebel J. , Borba P. T. D. de
Published: October 2020

Fire blight, a disease of apple trees caused by Erwinia amylovora, occurs worldwide except in South America, South-Central Africa, and most of Oceania. Ecological niche models can determine the potential distribution of species and measure the risk of pest invasion. This study aims to develop global climate suitability models using MaxEnt software for E. amylovora and to determine the regions in which apple cultivation and the bacterium are most likely to co-occur. Most occurrence data for E. amylovora (93%) are from the northern hemisphere, distributed between 63.90 to 14.56 degree days in regions of Africa, Central America, North America, Asia, and Europe. The only country in the southern hemisphere that this bacteria has been detected is New Zealand (Oceania). Apples are cultivated on every continent except Antarctica, between 61.55 to 44.41 degree days. We find that regions of South-Eastern Africa, Argentina, Australia, Southern Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, China, the United States, Madagascar, Morocco, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Tunisia, Uruguay, and the majority of Europe are suitable for both E. amylovora and apple cultivation. These results provide information on the potential worldwide distribution of E. amylovora in apple production area.
Phytosociological Survey of Weeds in Coffee Plants Irrigated Under Different Systems
Authors: Oliveira Simônica Maria De , Carvalho Abner José De , Aspiazú Ignacio , Oliveira Polyanna Mara De , Guerra João Victor Santos , Machado Fernando Henrique Batista , Silva Joseilton Faria , Souza Andrey Antunes De , Silva Fernando Gomes , Lacerda Marlon Lopes
Published: October 2020

The objective was to identify the species and quantify the importance value index of weeds in the cultivation of arabica coffee in two irrigation systems, at different times of the year, in the northern region of Minas Gerais. A phytosociological survey was carried out in each season of the year (spring, summer, autumn and winter) in an area cultivated with the species Coffea arabica, subjected to two irrigation systems (sprinkling and dripping). The coffee crop was implanted at a spacing of 3.5 m between rows and 0.7 meters between plants. The collection of weeds was performed using the standard method of the square inventory, which was launched between the lines of the crop. The identification of the species was carried out, the number of individuals was quantified, the dry mass, frequency, density, abundance, importance value index and coverage, and the similarity index. 33 weed species were identified, being the species with the highest IVI Euphorbia hirta, Brachiaria plantaginea, Digitaria horizontalis, Cyperus rotundus and Amaranthus spp. It was observed a higher occurrence of weeds from the monocot group in the sprinkler irrigation system while in the drip there were predominance of dicot plants.
Classifying Soybean Cultivars Using an Univariate and Multivariate Approach
Authors: Carvalho João Paulo Santos , Bruzi Adriano Teodoro , Silva Karina Barroso , Soares Igor Oliveri , Bianchi Mariane Cristina , Vilela Nelson Junior Dias
Published: October 2020

Selection indices are good for classification because they consider several evaluated traits simultaneously to identify superior cultivars with a combination of the traits of interest. Adaptability/stability methods enable determining contributions to the genotype-by-environment (G × E) interaction and the risk associated with each cultivar. This study used a univariate and multivariate strategy to identify commercial soybean cultivars that presented both precocity and good productive performance and studied the G × E interaction considering all cultivars both simultaneously and by maturation groups. The experiments were conducted in the agricultural years 2014/15 and 2015/16 in seven distinct environments in southern Minas Gerais State, Brazil, considering a combination of locations and seasons. A randomized complete block design was used, and the treatments included 35 commercial soybean cultivars. In the univariate analysis, were evaluate several traits. Selection indices were calculated considering yield, harvest index, plant height, first pod insertion height and absolute maturation. The selection strategy efficiencies were quantified using the coincidence index. Each cultivar’s contribution to the G × E interaction and associated risk were determined using the ecovalence and confidence index methods, respectively. The results showed that the NS 7000 IPRO and NS 7209 IPRO cultivars were the most productive. The NS 7000 IPRO cultivar, although obtaining a good yield, contributed greatly to the G × E interaction when considering the maturation groups. The low coincidence in ranking the strategies indicates that more than one agronomic trait should be used to classify the superior cultivars.
The Ethnopharmacological Literature: An Analysis of the Scientific Landscape in the Cerrado in Central-Western Brazil
Authors: Santos Sidney Mariano dos , Nascimento Kamilla Felipe do , Pereira Zefa Valdevina , Line Josimo Diego Bazanella , Junior Pedro Cruz de Oliveira , Marangoni Janaine Alberto , Vieira Maria do Carmo , Silva Rosilda Mara Mussury Franco , Formagio Anelise Samara Nazari
Published: October 2020

Research on pharmacology and phytochemistry originating from medicinal plants has resulted in various publications highlighting the Cerrado in central-western Brazil, which has a remarkable diversity of plant species. The reserve area selected was the Cerrado stricto sensu settlement “17 April”, Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brazil. However, no ethnopharmacological review focusing on the plants present in the reserve area exists, even though the consumption of medicinal plants is a widespread practice. The aims of this study were to 1) survey and document the medicinal plants present in the reserve area; 2) provide an overview of recent ethnopharmacological, phytochemical and pharmacological studies of these species; and 3) provide insight for future studies. A literature search was conducted, and relevant information was collected from authentic resources using databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Scopus, as well as peer reviewed articles, books and theses. Eighty-nine species belonging to 39 different families were found; the most abundant were Fabaceae (n = 13), Myrtaceae (n = 7), Rubiaceae (n = 7) and Bignoniaceae (n = 5). In terms of it empirical use, the most utilized parts were leaves (41%), bark (22%) and roots (15%). The most widespread traditional use, according to the literature review of the following plants involves the treatment of gastro-intestinal system diseases (41 spp). Chemical studies reported a high presence of terpene, phenol, and alkaloid classes. Only three are listed in the RENISUS: Casearia sylvestris, Copaifera langsdorffii and Stryphnodendron adstringens. This study demonstrated a large number of medicinal plants in an area of the Cerrado in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Noting the importance of biodiversity for the development of new pharmacological approaches, many studies prove the empirical use of medicinal plants.
Do Small and Mid-scale Beginning Farmers and Experienced Farmers Feel the Same About Farm Financial and Profitability Position?
Authors: Gumirakiza Jean D. , Langford Spencer
Published: October 2020

This study examined various levels of feelings that small and mid-scale farmers in Kentucky have towards financial and profitability situations of their farm operations. The study uses mailed and online survey data collected from 129 small and mid-scale farmers in 2017. We used an ordered Probit model to analyze data. Findings indicate that the probabilities for small and mid-scale farmers to feel positively, fairly, and negatively are 36 percent, 55 percent, and 9 percent, respectively. We found that small and mid-scale beginning farmers are significantly less likely to feel positively than experienced farmers. Findings showed that those who are knowledgeable about agricultural marketing and agricultural economics are more likely to feel positive. These findings are useful for policymakers, outreach specialists, and other agencies seeking to improve the financial and profitability position of small and mid-size farms.
Skutki zdrowotne narażenia pracowników na drgania mechaniczne przenoszone przez kończyny górne
Authors: Łastowiecka Elżbieta
Published: October 2020

W 2018 r. na drgania mechaniczne narażonych było w Polsce 13140 pracowników. Długotrwała ekspozycja na drgania mechaniczne przenoszone przez kończyny górne (hand-transmitted vibration – HTV) wiąże się ze zwiększonym ryzykiem rozwoju dolegliwości o etiologii naczyniowej, nerwowej oraz ze strony układu kostno-szkieletowego. Zespół tych objawów nazywany jest zespołem wibracyjnym (hand-arm vibration syndrome HAVS) lub chorobą wibracyjną. W 2018 r. zespół wibracyjny stwierdzono w 17 przypadkach, co stanowiło 0,8% wszystkich rejestrowanych chorób zawodowych w naszym kraju.
Obraz kliniczny zespołu wibracyjnego jest niespecyficzny i może obejmować zarówno zaburzenia czynnościowe, jak i organiczne. W obrazie klinicznym rozróżnia się postać: naczyniowo-nerwową, kostno-stawową i mieszaną zespołu wibracyjnego. Pierwsze symptomy pojawiają się dość wcześnie, najczęściej nie są jednak początkowo zbyt uciążliwe i mogą zostać przeoczone. Dlatego też ważne jest skrupulatne monitorowanie parametrów środowiska pracy oraz stosowanie profilaktyki, zarówno na poziomie technicznym, jak i w postaci przewidzianych przepisami prawa pracy badań wstępnych i okresowych pracowników zatrudnionych w narażeniu na wibrację miejscową.
Avaliação de um Jogo Digital para o Ensino de Vocabulário Receptivo com Estudantes Público-Alvo da Educação Especial
Authors: Sassaki Lincoln Satoru Sossida , Benitez Priscila , Brandão André Luiz
Published: October 2020

A aplicação de jogos digitais sérios tem favorecido o ensino de vocabulário receptivo para estudantes com diversos repertórios comportamentais, sobretudo, o público-alvo da educação especial. Um jogo digital sério pode ser considerado enquanto tecnologia assistiva (TA) que fomenta a aprendizagem de vocabulário receptivo e potencializam a interação humano-computador. O uso de TA durante o Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE) pode incrementar o ensino, além de servir como recurso lúdico e promover autonomia e independência. O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar uso de um jogo digital sério para ensino do vocabulário receptivo, em uma situação naturalística, a partir da perspectiva do professor do AEE, com estudantes com repertórios comportamentais variados (como no caso, deficiência intelectual, síndrome de down, transtorno do espectro autista e paralisia cerebral). O jogo foi aplicado com oito estudantes com diagnósticos médicos variados (deficiência intelectual, transtorno do espectro autista, síndrome de Down, paralisia cerebral). O procedimento de ensino foi constituído por quatro fases. Na primeira, foi verificado o interesse e disponibilidade da professora do AEE para participar do projeto. Na segunda, foi aplicada o pré-teste, em que os estudantes jogaram sem nenhuma instrução adicional. Na sequência, a professora do AEE jogou junto com cada estudante, fornecendo dicas adicionais. E, por último, os estudantes jogaram sem nenhuma instrução adicional (pós-teste) e foi avaliada a percepção da professora em relação ao jogo. Cinco estudantes atingiram 100% de acertos no pré-teste e, por essa razão, não participaram das demais fases do estudo. Os resultados evidenciaram que o jogo pode servir enquanto ferramenta útil a ser aplicado no AEE, pelos professores da Educação Especial, nas escolas regulares, além de ensinar vocabulário receptivo para os estudantes com deficiência e transtorno. O jogo, em uma perspectiva do desenho universal, pode ser considerado uma estratégia viável a ser utilizada no cotidiano escolar, desde que estejam programados os devidos objetivos de ensino para cada estudante.
Considerando personalidade e transições de emoções na detecção de emoções baseada em mineração de dados
Authors: Morais Felipe de , Jaques Patrícia A.
Published: October 2020

Sistemas Tutores Inteligentes (STI) baseados em passos são capazes de auxiliar os alunos na resolução de tarefas passo a posso, gerando uma grande quantidade de dados de interação, chamados logs, entre o sistema e o aluno. Este trabalho aplica técnicas de mineração de dados sobre os logs gerados de um STI de matemática baseado em passos para detectar quatro emoções de aprendizagem: confusão, engajamento, frustração e tédio. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar se a personalidade dos alunos pode proporcionar uma melhoria na precisão da detecção destas quatro emoções. Para realizar o treinamento dos detectores, foram utilizados rótulos de emoções dos alunos, obtidos por meio de um protocolo de anotação de emoções, baseado em análise de vídeos, que permite também a captura das transições de emoções. Como resultado, foi possível identificar que a personalidade impactou somente na detecção do engajamento. Embora a diferença na precisão tenha sido pequena, foi possível verificar que, dentre 348 características disponíveis durante o treinamento, a personalidade foi considerada uma das dez características mais representativas. Com a combinação dos dados de personalidade, transições de emoções e logs capturados de um STI baseado em passos, foi possível atingir um índice K = 0,633 e A0 = 0,846 na detecção de engajamento, que são valores superiores aos mínimos exigidos de codificadores humanos em protocolos de anotação de emoções.
Karinės tarnybos ir karo šeimos pareigų derinimo sprendimai: puskarininkių atvejis
Authors: Rutkauskas Mindaugas , Guščinskienė Jūratė
Published: October 2020

Šio mokslinio straipsnio tikslas – išanalizuoti karinės tarnybos ir kario šeimos pareigų derinimo sprendimus. Straipsnyje aptariama kario šeimos samprata, karinės tarnybos ir kario šeimos sąveika, atskleisti Lietuvos kariuomenės (toliau – LK) sprendimai, susiję su karinės tarnybos ir kario šeimos pareigų derinimu. Empirinė straipsnio dalis remiasi originaliu puskarininkių nuomonės apie karinės tarnybos ir kario šeimos pareigų derinimo problemas ir LK taikomus sprendimus tyrimu, kuris buvo atliktas 2019 m. pavasarį. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, kad LK sprendimai yra orientuoti į paramą kariui bei jo šeimai ir yra taikomi visuose karinės tarnybos ciklo etapuose; problemiškiausios sritys, kurioms reikalingi LK sprendimai – tai tarnybos užduoties vykdymo laikas, atskirtis nuo šeimos ir tarnyba Tarptautinėse misijose (toliau – TO misijos); daugiausiai problemų kyla finansų ir ne finansų srityse.
O POTENCIAL PARA A DEMOCRACIA PARTICIPATIVA DOS CONSELHOS MUNICIPAIS DE OSASCO E A LIMITADA PARTICIPAÇÃO CIDADÃ
Authors: Reis Ivan Alves dos , Torres Ricardo Lobato
Published: October 2020

Este artigo faz uma avaliação das contribuições potenciais à participação cidadã após a institucionalização dos conselhos municipais em Osasco/SP. Como método de investigação, realizou-se uma pesquisa documental da legislação de criação e dos atos dos conselhos no Diário Oficial do Município. Foram analisadas a representação, a composição e as competências dos conselhos. No mapeamento, constatou-se a existência de 28 conselhos, sendo a maior parte de criação recente, após 2004. A maioria apresenta composição múltipla de conselheiros, demonstrando ampliação do espaço para participação cidadã. Constatou-se uma tendência de atribuição de multicompetências aos conselhos, indicando potencial empoderamento da sociedade civil na formulação de políticas públicas da cidade. No entanto, prevalece a representação vinculada, o que limita a possibilidade de participação dos cidadãos nos conselhos.
Modeling of NBTI degradation in p-channel VDMOSFETs
Authors: Mitrović Nikola , Danković Danijel , Prijić Zoran , Stojadinović Ninoslav
Published: October 2020

This paper gives insight in reliability of p-channel VDMOSFET power transistors subjected to NBT stressing. Effects that lead to degradation of characteristics of these electronic circuits are presented, out of which threshold voltage shift with NBT stressing is further analysed. Measurements have been done and experimental results of the threshold voltage degradation of power transistors IRF9520 caused by different types of negative bias temperature stressing are shown. Stressing types, both static and pulsed, and their impact on transistors, especially on threshold voltage shifts have been explained in more details. An elementary equivalent electrical circuit is designed and proposed with the goal to model impact of both types of stressing, and also to calculate and estimate reliability of the circuit under specified stress. All of the elements of the modeling circuit and their dependencies are explained. Example of modeling from the experimental data is given together with the comparison between measured and modeled results. Differences between obtained results are discussed.
Quality of postharvest strawberries: comparative effect of fungal chitosan gel, nanoparticles and gel enriched with edible nanoparticles coatings
Authors: Melo Natália , Pintado Maria Manuela Estevez , Medeiros José Alberto da Costa , Galembeck André , Vasconcelos Margarida Angélica da Silva , Xavier Viviane Lansky , de Lima Marcos Antônio Barbosa , Stamford Tânia Lucia Montenegro , Stamford–Arnaud Thatiana Montenegro , Flores Miguel Angel Pelágio , Stamford Thayza Christina Montenegro
Published: October 2020

This study compared, for the first time, the postharvest conservative action of edible fungal chitosan coatings (gel, nanoparticles and gel-nanoparticle) on the physico-chemical, sensorial and microbiological characteristics of strawberries. The nanoparticles were prepared by an ionic gelation method and characterized by dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy. The antioxidant (DPPH* and ABTS*) activity of the edible coatings and the antimicrobial (macrodilution method) action against phytopathogenic fungi were verified. The nanoparticles had a size of 331.1 nm and a zeta potential of+ 34 mV. The gel, nanoparticles and gel+nanoparticles exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 4 to 5, 1.5 to 2.5 and 1.0 + 0.5 to 2.0 + 1.5 g.L-1, respectively. All the edible coatings exhibited antifungal action. All the coatings had high scavenging activity, especially the gel edible coating. The coatings, especially the gel+nanoparticles, decreased the weight loss, microbiological growth, soluble solids, maturity index and moisture loss of the strawberry and preserved the pH values, anthocyanin content, titratable acidity and sensory characteristics. Therefore, the use of chitosan edible coating containing nanoparticles can be a promising strategy to improve the post-harvest quality of strawberries.
Globalisation in Education and Development in Africa
Authors: Geo-Jaja Macleans , Zajda Joseph
Published: October 2020

This chapter analyses the process of globalisation, with reference to social, cultural, economic and political dimensions affecting education and policy reforms in Africa. In this chapter, globalisation perceived to be a discursively constructed Grand Narrative. The chapter
analyses the opportunities and challenges that globalisation offers to Africa. Education and policy reforms in Africa confront at least two enormous challenges. The first is to fulfil the knowledge and training tasks of the 21st century, offering universal basic education and secondary coverage.
The second is to improve the quality of learning outcomes, social equity and cultural integration. Attainment of these new tasks will depend on the identified measures advocated by education policy makers. The chapter concludes that there needs to be a greater focus on socially transformative
globalisation policies that provide security and equipping the nation state for the future.
Long-term outcomes of drug-eluting stent implantation in patients with symptomatic extra- and intracranial atherosclerotic stenoses
Authors: Kim Junhyung , Ban Seung Pil , Kim Young Deok , Kwon O-Ki
Published: October 2020

Objective: Implantation of drug-eluting stents (DES) for extra- and intracranial atherosclerotic stenoses is an emerging topic. It has the potential benefit of preventing recurrent stroke with a reduced rate of in-stent restenosis (ISR).Methods: Patients who underwent extra- or intracranial stenting using DES in a single institution were retrospectively reviewed with long-term angiographic and clinical follow-up data.Results: Twenty-one patients, 9 (42.9%) with extracranial lesions and 12 (57.1%) with intracranial lesions, were included. The most common symptom was cerebral infarction (71.4%), followed by vertebrobasilar insufficiency (19.1%) and transient ischemic attack (9.5%). All patients achieved technical success, with the mean degree of stenosis of 85.9±6.3% before the procedure and 19.5±5.9% after the procedure. All patients showed clinical improvement and no symptomatic recurrence was reported during the mean clinical follow-up period of 45.5±8.9 months. The significant ISR was observed in one patient (4.8%) during the mean radiological follow-up period of 42.8±10.0 months.Conclusions: Implantation of drug-eluting stents for symptomatic extra- and intracranial atherosclerotic stenoses is feasible and has the potential benefit of reducing the rate of ISR.
Right/Wrong
Authors: Enriquez Juan
Published: October 2020

A lively and entertaining guide to ethics in a technological age.

Most people have a strong sense of right and wrong, and they aren't shy about expressing their opinions. But when we take a polarizing stand on something we regard as an eternal truth, we often forget that ethics evolve over time. Many shifts in the right versus wrong pendulum are driven by advances in technology. Our great-grandparents might be shocked by in vitro fertilization; our great-grandchildren might be shocked by the messiness of pregnancy, childbirth, and unedited genes. In Right/Wrong, Juan Enriquez reflects on what happens to our ethics as technology makes the once unimaginable a commonplace occurrence.

Evolving technology changes ethics. Enriquez points out that, contrary to common wisdom, technology often enables more ethical behaviors. Technology challenges old beliefs and upends institutions that do not grow and change. With wit and compassion, Enriquez takes on a series of technology-influenced ethical dilemmas, from sexual liberation to climate change to the “immortality” of mistakes on social media. (“Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Google are electronic tattoos.”) He cautions us to judge those who “should have known better,” given today's vantage point, with less fury and more compassion. We need a quality often absent in today's charged debates: humility. Judge those in the past as we hope to be judged in the future.
Cytoprotection by a naturally occurring variant of ATP5G1 in Arctic ground squirrel neural progenitor cells
Authors: Singhal Neel S , Bai Meirong , Lee Evan M , Luo Shuo , Cook Kayleigh R , Ma Dengke K
Published: October 2020

Many organisms in nature have evolved mechanisms to tolerate severe hypoxia or ischemia, including the hibernation-capable Arctic ground squirrel (AGS). Although hypoxic or ischemia tolerance in AGS involves physiological adaptations, little is known about the critical cellular mechanisms underlying intrinsic AGS cell resilience to metabolic stress. Through cell survival-based cDNA expression screens in neural progenitor cells, we identify a genetic variant of AGS Atp5g1 that confers cell resilience to metabolic stress. Atp5g1 encodes a subunit of the mitochondrial ATP synthase. Ectopic expression in mouse cells and CRISPR/Cas9 base editing of endogenous AGS loci revealed causal roles of one AGS-specific amino acid substitution in mediating cytoprotection by AGS ATP5G1. AGS ATP5G1 promotes metabolic stress resilience by modulating mitochondrial morphological change and metabolic functions. Our results identify a naturally occurring variant of ATP5G1 from a mammalian hibernator that critically contributes to intrinsic cytoprotection against metabolic stress.
Education, Action
Authors: Garrido Sierralta María-Constanza
Published: October 2020

In this review, I assess Erica Burman's (2018) book, Fanon, Education, Action: Child as Method, an important and timely contribution to critical developmental psychology, which reads and critiques the work of Frantz Fanon.
Long non-coding RNA LINC01234 regulates proliferation, migration and invasion via HIF-2α pathways in clear cell renal cell carcinoma cells
Authors: Yang Feilong , Liu Cheng , Zhao Guojiang , Ge Liyuan , Song Yimeng , Chen Zhigang , Liu Zhuo , Hong Kai , Ma Lulin
Published: October 2020

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been proved to have an important role in different malignancies including clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, their role in disease progression is still not clear. The objective of the study was to identify lncRNA-based prognostic biomarkers and further to investigate the role of one lncRNA LINC01234 in progression of ccRCC cells. We found that six adverse prognostic lncRNA biomarkers including LINC01234 were identified in ccRCC patients by bioinformatic analysis using The Cancer Genome Atlas database. LINC01234 knockdown impaired cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro as compared to negative control. Furthermore, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition was inhibited after LINC01234 knockdown. Additionally, LINC01234 knockdown impaired hypoxia-inducible factor-2a (HIF-2α) pathways, including a suppression of the expression of HIF-2α, vascular endothelial growth factor A, epidermal growth factor receptor, c-Myc, Cyclin D1 and MET. Together, these datas showed that LINC01234 was likely to regulate the progression of ccRCC by HIF-2α pathways, and LINC01234 was both a promising prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for ccRCC.
Weed Management for Higher Productivity of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) in Plains of Assam
Authors: Baruah Aparna , Deka Jayanta
Published: October 2020

A field experiment was conducted in Instruction-cum-Research Farm of Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat district, Assam, India during 2014-15 and 2015-16 to identify a suitable combination of ginger and cowpea intercropping and weed management practice to effectively manage the weeds in ginger. A total of 16 numbers of treatment combinations were considered, comprising 4 legume inter-cropping systems and 4 weed management practices. Intercropping of legume crop Cowpea either in between rows of Ginger and incorporated at 40 days after sowing (DAS) or in between alternate rows of Ginger and incorporated at 40 days after sowing (DAS) and pre-emergence application of Metribuzin 500 g ai ha-1 + hand weeding (HW) at 70, 100 and 140 days after planting (DAP) recorded better results in terms of ginger growth and rhizome yield.
COVID-19 Immunopathology, Particle Pollution, and Iron Balance
Authors: Whiteside Mark , Herndon J. Marvin
Published: October 2020

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic exploded into a world already reeling from climate change, degradation of natural systems, and pandemics of air pollution and noncommunicable diseases. These pandemics are interrelated; air pollution, the world’s biggest killer, is a major contributor to noncommunicable disease. Air pollution is a probable cofactor in the spread and severity of COVID-19. There are shared mechanisms of injury by the emerging COVID-19 immunopathology, ultrafine air pollutants, and chronic degenerative disease. A key feature of each is oxidative stress, including that caused by iron dysregulation. Exogenous combustion-derived magnetite nanoparticles found in human brains and hearts are strongly implicated in the development of cardiometabolic and neurogenerative disease. Altered iron balance favoring excess reactive or misplaced iron is probably the most important predisposing condition for severe COVID-19 infection. Ultrafine-particle/nanoparticle toxicity and COVID-19 immunopathology on the subcellular level are both characterized by iron dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Primary sources of the most damaging ultrafine pollution particles are fossil fuel combustion, vehicle emissions, and coal fly ash utilized in undisclosed tropospheric aerosol geoengineering. The same ultrafine particles when emitted or placed into the troposphere alter the world’s cloud layers and reduce atmospheric convection, directly contributing to climate change and global warming. Pandemics can only be tackled by international cooperation. Immediate steps that must be taken include monitoring and control of ultrafine particulate air pollution, and prompt cessation of geoengineering operations.
Mesenchymal Stromal Cell‐Mediated Treatment of Local and Systemic Inflammation through the Triggering of an Anti‐Inflammatory Response
Authors: Martinez Jonathan O. , Evangelopoulos Michael , Brozovich Ava A. , Bauza Guillermo , Molinaro Roberto , Corbo Claudia , Liu Xuewu , Taraballi Francesca , Tasciotti Ennio
Published: October 2020

The emergence of cell‐based therapeutics, specifically the use of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), stands to significantly affect the future of targeted drug delivery technologies. MSCs represent a unique cell type, offering more than only regenerative potential but also site‐specific inflammatory targeting and tissue infiltration. In this study, a versatile multicomponent delivery platform, combining MSC tropism with multistage nanovector (MSV)‐mediated payload delivery, is debuted. It is demonstrated that the incorporation of drug‐loaded MSVs bestows MSCs with the ability to transport anti‐inflammatory payloads, achieving a fivefold increase in payload release without negatively impacting cellular functions, viability, extravasation, and inflammatory homing. When incorporated within MSCs, MSVs avoid rapid sequestration by filtering organs and conserve a 15‐fold increase in local inflammatory targeting compared to healthy ears. Furthermore, this MSC‐mediated MSV platform (M&Ms) rapidly triggers a 4.5‐fold reduction of local inflammation compared to free drug and extends survival to 100% of treated mice in a lethal model of systemic inflammation.
Formation of Silicon Quantum Dots Sheet on a Nonmetallic CaF2 Surface
Authors: Ito Kenji , Nakano Hideyuki , Nakamura Yoshiaki
Published: October 2020

The research on the atomic layer 2D materials employed in ultrahigh‐speed electronic devices has attracted significant attention and silicene, a monoatomic layer allotrope of Si, is considered the most effective material. For practical device applications, it is necessary to grow silicene on a nonmetallic substrate; however, only the growth of silicene on metallic or semiconductive substrates is reported. In this study, Si quantum dot sheets are grown on a nonmetallic epitaxial CaF2 surface by the deposition of monolayer thick Si. By depositing Si at a temperature ranging from room temperature to 650 °C, a 2D sheet composed of high‐density quantum dots (7.8 × 1012 cm−2) is obtained. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements reveal that Si forms a continuous film containing quantum‐sized dots on the CaF2 surface.
Rapid deployment of a telemedicine care model for genetics and metabolism during COVID‐19
Authors: Shur Natasha , Atabaki Shireen M. , Kisling Monisha S. , Tabarani Abir , Williams Clarence , Fraser Jamie L. , S. Regier Debra , Summar Marshall ,   Rare Disease Institute
Published: October 2020

The national importance of telemedicine for safe and effective patient care has been highlighted by the current COVID‐19 pandemic. Prior to the 2020 pandemic the Division of Genetics and Metabolism piloted a telemedicine program focused on initial and follow‐up visits in the patients' home. The goals were to increase access to care, decrease missed work, improve scheduling, and avoid the transport and exposure of medically fragile patients. Visits were conducted by physician medical geneticists, genetic counselors, and biochemical dietitians, together and separately. This allowed the program to develop detailed standard operating procedures. At the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic, this pilot‐program was deployed by the full team of 22 providers in one business day. Two physicians remained on‐site for patients requiring in‐person evaluations. This model optimized patient safety and workforce preservation while providing full access to patients during a pandemic. We provide initial data on visit numbers, types of diagnoses, and no‐show rates. Experience in this implementation before and during the pandemic has confirmed the effectiveness and value of telemedicine for a highly complex medical population. This program is a model that can and will be continued well‐beyond the current crisis.