bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrative web-based analysis of omics data for study of drugs against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Wang ZhiGang , He YongQun , Huang Jing , Yang XiaoLin
Published: May 2021

Research on drugs against SARS-CoV-2 (cause of COVID-19) has been one of the major world concerns at present. There have been abundant research data and findings in this field. The interference of drugs on gene expression in cell lines, drug-target, protein-virus receptor networks, and immune cell infiltration of the host may provide useful information for anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug research. To simplify the complex bioinformatics analysis and facilitate the evaluation of the latest research data, we developed OmiczViz (http://medcode.link/omicsviz), a web tool that has integrated drug-cell line interference data, virus-host protein–protein interactions, and drug-target interactions. To demonstrate the usages of OmiczViz, we analyzed the gene expression data from cell lines treated with chloroquine and ruxolitinib, the drug-target protein networks of 48 anti-coronavirus drugs and drugs bound with ACE2, and the profiles of immune cell infiltration between different COVID-19 patient groups. Our research shows that chloroquine had a regulatory role of the immune response in renal cell line but not in lung cell line. The anti-coronavirus drug-target network analysis suggested that antihistamine of promethaziney and dietary supplement of Zinc might be beneficial when used jointly with antiviral drugs. The immune infiltration analysis indicated that both the COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU and the elderly with infection showed immune exhaustion status, yet with different molecular mechanisms. The interactive graphic interface of OmiczViz also makes it easier to analyze newly discovered and user-uploaded data, leading to an in-depth understanding of existing findings and an expansion of existing knowledge of SARS-CoV-2. Collectively, OmicsViz is web program that promotes the research on medical agents against SARS-CoV-2 and supports the evaluation of the latest research findings.
Molecular model of a sensor of two-component signaling system
Authors: Ryzhykau Yury L. , Orekhov Philipp S. , Rulev Maksim I. , Vlasov Alexey V. , Melnikov Igor A. , Volkov Dmytro A. , Nikolaev Mikhail Yu. , Zabelskii Dmitrii V. , Murugova Tatiana N. , Chupin Vladimir V. , Rogachev Andrey V. , Gruzinov Andrey Yu. , Svergun Dmitri I. , Brennich Martha E. , Gushchin Ivan Yu. , Soler-Lopez Montserrat , Bothe Arne , Büldt Georg , Leonard Gordon , Engelhard Martin , Kuklin Alexander I. , Gordeliy Valentin I.
Published: May 2021

Two-component systems (TCS) are widespread signaling systems present in all domains of life. TCS typically consist of a signal receptor/transducer and a response regulator. The receptors (histidine kinases, chemoreceptors and photoreceptors) are often embedded in the membrane and have a similar modular structure. Chemoreceptors were shown to function in highly ordered arrays, with trimers of dimers being the smallest functional unit. However, much less is known about photoreceptors. Here, we use small-angle scattering (SAS) to show that detergent-solubilized sensory rhodopsin II in complex with its cognate transducer forms dimers at low salt concentration, which associate into trimers of dimers at higher buffer molarities. We then fit an atomistic model of the whole complex into the SAS data. The obtained results suggest that the trimer of dimers is "tripod"-shaped and that the contacts between the dimers occur only through their cytoplasmic regions, whereas the transmembrane regions remain unconnected.
Iron supplementation regulates the progression of high fat diet induced obesity and hepatic steatosis via mitochondrial signaling pathways
Authors: Kitamura Naho , Yokoyama Yoko , Taoka Hiroki , Nagano Utana , Hosoda Shotaro , Taworntawat Tanon , Nakamura Anna , Ogawa Yoko , Tsubota Kazuo , Watanabe Mitsuhiro
Published: May 2021

Disruption of iron metabolism is closely related to metabolic diseases. Iron deficiency is frequently associated with obesity and hepatic steatosis. However, the effects of iron supplementation on obesity and energy metabolism remain unclear. Here we show that a high-fat diet supplemented with iron reduces body weight gain and hepatic lipid accumulation in mice. Iron supplementation was found to reduce mitochondrial morphological abnormalities and upregulate gene transcription involved in mitochondrial function and beta oxidation in the liver and skeletal muscle. In both these tissues, iron supplementation increased the expression of genes involved in heme or iron–sulfur (Fe–S) cluster synthesis. Heme and Fe–S cluster, which are iron prosthetic groups contained in electron transport chain complex subunits, are essential for mitochondrial respiration. The findings of this study demonstrated that iron regulates mitochondrial signaling pathways—gene transcription of mitochondrial component molecules synthesis and their energy metabolism. Overall, the study elucidates the molecular basis underlying the relationship between iron supplementation and obesity and hepatic steatosis progression, and the role of iron as a signaling molecule.
Ethoxyquin is neuroprotective and partially prevents somatic and autonomic neuropathy in db/db mouse model of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Liu Ying , Sun Yuan , Ewaleifoh Osefame , Wei Josh , Mi Ruifa , Zhu Jing , Hoke Ahmet , Polydefkis Michael
Published: May 2021

Ethoxyquin (EQ), a quinolone-based antioxidant, has demonstrated neuroprotective properties against several neurotoxic drugs in a phenotypic screening and is shown to protect axons in animal models of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. We assessed the effects of EQ on peripheral nerve function in the db/db mouse model of type II diabetes. After a 7 week treatment period, 12-week-old db/db-vehicle, db/+ -vehicle and db/db-EQ treated animals were evaluated by nerve conduction, paw withdrawal against a hotplate, and fiber density in hindlimb footpads. We found that the EQ group had shorter paw withdrawal latency compared to vehicle db/db group. The EQ group scored higher in nerve conduction studies, compared to vehicle-treated db/db group. Morphology studies yielded similar results. To investigate the potential role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions in the observed effects of EQ, we measured total mtDNA deletion burden in the distal sciatic nerve. We observed an increase in total mtDNA deletion burden in vehicle-treated db/db mice compared to db/+ mice that was partially prevented in db/db-EQ treated animals. These results suggest that EQ treatment may exert a neuroprotective effect in diabetic neuropathy. The prevention of diabetes-induced mtDNA deletions may be a potential mechanism of the neuroprotective effects of EQ in diabetic neuropathy.
Changes in taxonomic and functional diversity of plants in a chronosequence of Eucalyptus grandis plantations
Authors: Pairo Pamela E. , Rodriguez Estela E. , Bellocq M. Isabel , Aceñolaza Pablo G.
Published: May 2021

Tree plantations have become one of the fastest-growing land uses and their impact on biodiversity was evaluated mainly at the taxonomic level. The aim of this study was to analyze environmental changes after theEucalyptusplantation in an area originally covered by natural grasslands, taking into account the alpha and beta (taxonomic and functional) diversity of plant communities. We selected nine plantation ages, along a 12 years chronosequence, with three replicates per age and three protected grasslands as the original situation. At each replicate, we established three plots to measure plant species cover, diversity and environmental variables. Results showed that species richness, and all diversity indices, significantly declined with increasing plantation age. Canopy cover, soil pH, and leaf litter were the environmental drivers that drove the decrease in taxonomic and functional diversity of plants through the forest chronosequence. Based on the path analyses results, canopy cover had an indirect effect on plant functional diversity, mediated by leaf litter depth, soil pH, and plant species richness. The high dispersal potential, annual, barochorous, and zoochorous plant species were the functional traits more affected by the eucalypt plantations. We recommend two management practices: reducing forest densities to allow higher light input to the understory and, due to the fact that leaf litter was negatively associated with all diversity facets, we recommend reducing their accumulation or generate heterogeneity in its distribution to enhance biodiversity.
Rapid controlled release by photo-irradiation using morphological changes in micelles formed by amphiphilic lophine dimers
Authors: Akamatsu Masaaki , Kobayashi Kazuki , Iwase Hiroki , Sakaguchi Yoshifumi , Tanaka Risa , Sakai Kenichi , Sakai Hideki
Published: May 2021

Photo-induced rapid control of molecular assemblies, such as micelles and vesicles, enables effective and on-demand release of drugs or active components, with applications such as drug delivery systems (DDS) and cosmetics. Thus far, no attempts to optimize the responsiveness of photoresponsive molecular assemblies have been published. We previously reported photoresponsive surfactants bearing a lophine dimer moiety that exhibit fast photochromism in confined spaces, such as inside a molecular assembly. However, rapid control of the micelle structures and solubilization capacity have not yet been demonstrated. In the present work, photo-induced morphological changes in micelles were monitored using in-situ small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy. An amphiphilic lophine dimer (3TEG-LPD) formed elliptical micelles. These were rapidly elongated by ultraviolet light irradiation, which could be reversed by dark treatment, both within 60 s. For a solution of 3TEG-LPD micelles solubilizing calcein as a model drug molecule, fluorescence and SANS measurements indicated rapid release of the incorporated calcein into the bulk solvent under UV irradiation. Building on these results, we investigated rapid controlled release via hierarchical chemical processes: photoisomerization, morphological changes in the micelles, and drug release. This rapid controlled release system allows for effective and on-demand DDS.
COVID-19 awareness, knowledge and perception towards digital health in an urban multi-ethnic Asian population
Authors: Teo Cong Ling , Chee Miao Li , Koh Kai Hui , Tseng Rachel Marjorie Wei Wen , Majithia Shivani , Thakur Sahil , Gunasekeran Dinesh Visva , Nusinovici Simon , Sabanayagam Charumathi , Wong Tien Yin , Tham Yih-Chung , Cheng Ching-Yu
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to determine COVID-19-related awareness, knowledge, impact and preparedness among elderly Asians; and to evaluate their acceptance towards digital health services amidst the pandemic. 523 participants (177 Malays, 171 Indians, 175 Chinese) were recruited and underwent standardised phone interview during Singapore’s lockdown period (07 April till 01 June 2020). Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to evaluate the associations between demographic, socio-economic, lifestyle, and systemic factors, with COVID-19 awareness, knowledge, preparedness, well-being and digital health service acceptance. The average perception score on the seriousness of COVID-19 was 7.6 ± 2.4 (out of 10). 75.5% of participants were aware that COVID-19 carriers can be asymptomatic. Nearly all (≥ 90%) were aware of major prevention methods for COVID-19 (i.e. wearing of mask, social distancing). 66.2% felt prepared for the pandemic, and 86.8% felt confident with government’s handling and measures. 78.4% felt their daily routine was impacted. 98.1% reported no prior experience in using digital health services, but 52.2% felt these services would be helpful to reduce non-essential contact. 77.8% were uncomfortable with artificial intelligence software interpreting their medical results. In multivariable analyses, Chinese participants felt less prepared, and more likely felt impacted by COVID-19. Older and lower income participants were less likely to use digital health services. In conclusion, we observed a high level of awareness and knowledge on COVID-19. However, acceptance towards digital health service was low. These findings are valuable for examining the effectiveness of COVID-19 communication in Singapore, and the remaining gaps in digital health adoption among elderly.
Effects of long-term integrated agri-aquaculture on the soil fungal community structure and function in vegetable fields
Authors: Zheng Xianqing , Song Ke , Li Shuangxi , Zhang Hanlin , Bai Naling , Zhang Juanqin , Zhang Haiyun , Cai Shumei , Lv Weiguang , Cao Linkui
Published: May 2021

The diversity and community structure of soil fungi play an important role in crop production and ecosystem balance, especially in paddy-upland vegetable field systems. High-throughput sequencing was used to study changes in the soil fungal community structure and function in paddy-upland vegetable field systems. The results showed that compared with traditional planting, the diversity and community structure of soil fungi were changed by the combination of flooding and drought, the Shannon index increased by 11.07%, and the proportion of the dominant species, Mortierella, decreased by 22.74%. Soil available nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, total nitrogen and organic matter played a leading role in the initial stage of the experiment, while the dominant factor changed to total potassium 3 years later and then to soil pH and water content 6 years later. FUNGuild analysis showed that the proportion of three independent trophic modes of soil fungi were increased by the combined flooded-drought model, and there were multiple interaction factors, For example, nutrient supply, pH and planting pattern. This study showed that soil fertility, crop yield and economic benefits were better than the traditional model after three years of planting and breeding. The longer the time, the better the effect.
Cell mechanical properties of human breast carcinoma cells depend on temperature
Authors: Aermes Christian , Hayn Alexander , Fischer Tony , Mierke Claudia Tanja
Published: May 2021

The knowledge of cell mechanics is required to understand cellular processes and functions, such as the movement of cells, and the development of tissue engineering in cancer therapy. Cell mechanical properties depend on a variety of factors, such as cellular environments, and may also rely on external factors, such as the ambient temperature. The impact of temperature on cell mechanics is not clearly understood. To explore the effect of temperature on cell mechanics, we employed magnetic tweezers to apply a force of 1 nN to 4.5 µm superparamagnetic beads. The beads were coated with fibronectin and coupled to human epithelial breast cancer cells, in particular MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Cells were measured in a temperature range between 25 and 45 °C. The creep response of both cell types followed a weak power law. At all temperatures, the MDA-MB-231 cells were pronouncedly softer compared to the MCF-7 cells, whereas their fluidity was increased. However, with increasing temperature, the cells became significantly softer and more fluid. Since mechanical properties are manifested in the cell’s cytoskeletal structure and the paramagnetic beads are coupled through cell surface receptors linked to cytoskeletal structures, such as actin and myosin filaments as well as microtubules, the cells were probed with pharmacological drugs impacting the actin filament polymerization, such as Latrunculin A, the myosin filaments, such as Blebbistatin, and the microtubules, such as Demecolcine, during the magnetic tweezer measurements in the specific temperature range. Irrespective of pharmacological interventions, the creep response of cells followed a weak power law at all temperatures. Inhibition of the actin polymerization resulted in increased softness in both cell types and decreased fluidity exclusively in MDA-MB-231 cells. Blebbistatin had an effect on the compliance of MDA-MB-231 cells at lower temperatures, which was minor on the compliance MCF-7 cells. Microtubule inhibition affected the fluidity of MCF-7 cells but did not have a significant effect on the compliance of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. In summary, with increasing temperature, the cells became significant softer with specific differences between the investigated drugs and cell lines.
Maternal mental health and gestational weight gain in a Brazilian Cohort
Authors: Farias Dayana Rodrigues , Carrilho Thais Rangel Bousquet , Freitas-Costa Nathalia C. , Batalha Mônica Araújo , Gonzalez Mylena , Kac Gilberto
Published: May 2021

Depression and anxiety are common during pregnancy, but little is known about the influence of these disorders on gestational weight gain (GWG). Data from a prospective cohort of pregnant women followed in a public healthcare center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were used to evaluate the association of depression, anxiety, and suicide risk with GWG. GWG was evaluated at 5–13, 20–26, 30–36, and 37–42 weeks, and GWG adequacy was determined. Statistical analyses included linear mixed-effect models and Poisson regression. We evaluated 206 women, in which 15% (n = 31) presented major depressive disorder, 19.4% (n = 34) suicide risk and 10% (n = 21) generalized anxiety disorder at baseline. Women with depression at the first trimester, persistent depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms at the second trimester presented significantly lower rates of GWG per week compared to those without depression or anxiety, respectively. Persistent depressive symptoms represented a 2.40 (95% CI 1.20; 4.81; p = 0.013) increase in the risk of insufficient GWG. There was no significant association between generalized anxiety disorder or suicide risk with GWG. The presence of depression, depressive symptoms, and anxiety during pregnancy were associated with lower GWG rates. Persistent depressive symptoms during pregnancy were directly associated with insufficient GWG.
Health monitoring in birds using bio-loggers and whole blood transcriptomics
Authors: Jax Elinor , Müller Inge , Börno Stefan , Borlinghaus Hanna , Eriksson Gustaw , Fricke Evi , Timmermann Bernd , Pendl Helene , Fiedler Wolfgang , Klein Karsten , Schreiber Falk , Wikelski Martin , Magor Katharine E. , Kraus Robert H. S.
Published: May 2021

Monitoring and early detection of emerging infectious diseases in wild animals is of crucial global importance, yet reliable ways to measure immune status and responses are lacking for animals in the wild. Here we assess the usefulness of bio-loggers for detecting disease outbreaks in free-living birds and confirm detailed responses using leukocyte composition and large-scale transcriptomics. We simulated natural infections by viral and bacterial pathogens in captive mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), an important natural vector for avian influenza virus. We show that body temperature, heart rate and leukocyte composition change reliably during an acute phase immune response. Using genome-wide gene expression profiling of whole blood across time points we confirm that immunostimulants activate pathogen-specific gene regulatory networks. By reporting immune response related changes in physiological and behavioural traits that can be studied in free-ranging populations, we provide baseline information with importance to the global monitoring of zoonotic diseases.
The roles and prognostic significance of ABI1-TSV-11 expression in patients with left-sided colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhong Zhaohui , Li Mei , Chen Jingyi , Lin Tingru , Sun Jie , Wang Di , Mu Qing , Su Huiting , Wu Na , Liu Aiyu , Yu Yimeng , Zhang Menglei , Liu Yulan , Guo Jingzhu , Yu Weidong
Published: May 2021

Abnormally expressed and/or phosphorylated Abelson interactor 1 (ABI1) participates in the metastasis and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). ABI1 presents as at least 12 transcript variants (TSVs) by mRNA alternative splicing, but it is unknown which of them is involved in CRC metastasis and prognosis. Here, we firstly identified ABI1-TSV-11 as a key TSV affecting the metastasis and prognosis of left-sided colorectal cancer (LsCC) and its elevated expression is related to lymph node metastasis and shorter overall survival (OS) in LsCC by analyzing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and TSVdb. Secondly, ABI1-TSV-11 overexpression promoted LoVo and SW480 cells adhesion and migration in vitro, and accelerated LoVo and SW480 cells lung metastasis in vivo. Finally, mechanism investigations revealed that ABI1-isoform-11 interacted with epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8 (ESP8) and regulated actin dynamics to affect LoVo and SW480 cells biological behaviors. Taken together, our data demonstrated that ABI1-TSV-11 plays an oncogenic role in LsCC, it is an independent risk factor of prognosis and may be a potential molecular marker and therapeutic target in LsCC.
Evaluation of LDL goal achievement in statin consumption, south east of Iran
Authors: Aghasizadeh Malihe , Bizhaem Saeede Khosravi , Baniasadi Mahin , Khazdair Mohammad Reza , Kazemi Toba
Published: May 2021

Lipid goal achievement and statin consumption were estimated at extreme/very-high/high/moderate and low cardiovascular risk categories. In the cross-sectional study, 585 patients treated with statin therapy referring to the heart clinic of Birjand were recruited. Patients were classified and examined LDL-C values and the proportion reaching targets according to the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists guideline. Three patterns of statin use (high/moderate/low-intensity statin therapy) in all patients were examined and attainments of LDL-C goal in cardiovascular risk groups have been demonstrated. Over half the populations (57.6%) were in the very-high CVD risk group. The results showed that the proportion of patients meeting total LDL-C goal values according to the guidelines was 43.4%. The frequency of patient had achievement LDL goal lower in high-intensity pattern (N = 13, 2.3%), compared with moderate (N = 496, 86.1%) and low-intensity patterns (N = 67, 11.6%). In general, LDL-C goal achievement was greatest with moderate-intensity statin use. LDL-C reduction after statin consumption was estimated about one-third of the studied population. It seems likely that the achievement of a therapeutic target for serum lipids such as LDL-C improved is far more cost-effective and would be able to reach the target LDL as well changing the type and intensity of statins.
Interfacial properties of [Pt/Co/Pt] trilayers probed through magnetometry
Authors: Won Young Chan , Lim Sang Ho
Published: May 2021

The magnetic and interface properties of [Pt/Co/Pt] were investigated. First, the magnetic properties were determined from the magnetic dead layer plots, in which the Co layer was considered as two distinct parts representing different magnetic properties. The two parts with low and high tCo ranges are close to and away from the top interface (Co/Pt), respectively. The part close to the top interface shows a smaller magnetization (M) value and nonlinear behavior. However, the other part shows a higher M value closer to the bulk value and a linear behavior. The nonlinear behavior of the M values of the low tCo range was converted to an impurity level using simple assumptions. The results showed the effect of the top Pt layer on the magnetic properties of the Co layer. The results clearly demonstrate that magnetometry could be utilized as a means to understand the interface quality of magnetic multilayer systems.
Femtosecond laser induced low propagation loss waveguides in a lead-germanate glass for efficient lasing in near to mid-IR
Authors: Khalid Mamoona , Chen George Y. , Ebendorff-Heidepreim Heike , Lancaster David G.
Published: May 2021

To support the growing landscape of near to mid-IR laser applications we demonstrate a range of low propagation loss femtosecond laser (FSL) written waveguides (WGs) that have achieved guided-mode laser operation in a rare earth (RE) doped lead-germanate glass. The WGs are fabricated in both the athermal and thermal FSL writing regimes using three different pulse repetition frequencies (PRF): 100 kHz (athermal); 1 MHz; and 5 MHz (thermal). The lasing capability of Yb3+ doped lead-germanate waveguides is verified in the near-IR. The refractive index contrast (∆n) for 100 kHz WGs is ~ 1 × 10–4, while for 5 MHz, ∆n increases to ~ 5 × 10–4. The WGs in the thermal regime are less effected by self-focusing and are larger in dimensions with reduced propagation losses. For the 1 MHz repetition rate thermal writing regime we report a low propagation loss WG (0.2 dB/cm) and demonstrate laser operation with slope efficiencies of up to ~ 28%.
Understanding gender differences in professional European football through machine learning interpretability and match actions data
Authors: Garnica-Caparrós Marc , Memmert Daniel
Published: May 2021

After the great success of the Women’s World Cup in 2019, several platforms have started identifying the reasons for gender inequality in European football. Even though these inequalities emerge from a variety of key aspects in the modern sport, we focused on the game and evaluated the main differential features of European male and female football players in match actions data under the assumption of finding significant differences and established patterns between genders. A methodology for unbiased feature extraction and objective analysis is presented based on data integration and machine learning explainability algorithms. Female ($$n_0 = 1511$$

n
0

=
1511

) and male ($$n_1 = 2703$$

n
1

=
2703

) data points were collected from event data and categorized by game period and player position. We set up a supervised classification pipeline to predict the gender of each player by looking at their actions in the game. The comparison methodology did not include any qualitative enrichment or subjective analysis to prevent biased data enhancement or gender-related processing. The pipeline included three representative binary classification models; A logic-based Decision Trees, a probabilistic Logistic Regression and a multilevel perceptron Neural Network. Each model tried to draw the differences between male and female data points, and we extracted the results using machine learning explainability methods to understand the underlying mechanics of the models implemented. The study was able to determine pivotal factors that differentiate each gender performance as well as disseminate unique patterns by gender involving more than one indicator. Data enhancement and critical variables analysis are essential next steps to support this framework and serve as a baseline for further studies and training developments.
Molecular identification and antibiotic resistance pattern of actinomycetes isolates among immunocompromised patients in Iran, emerging of new infections
Authors: Rahdar Hossein Ali , Mahmoudi Shahram , Bahador Abbas , Ghiasvand Fereshteh , Sadeghpour Heravi Fatemah , Feizabadi Mohammad Mehdi
Published: May 2021

Recent advancements in DNA-based approaches have led to the identification of uncommon and rare bacterial pathogens. In this study, by utilizing a DNA-based approach, a total of 1043 clinical specimens were processed for the identification of actinobacteria targeting the 16S rRNA and gyrB genes. Drug susceptibility testing was also conducted using micro-broth dilution and PCR. Two isolates of Nocardia flavorosea and Rhodococcus erythropolis were reported for the first time in Iran. Also, Nocardiopsis dassonvillei, Streptomyces olivaceus, and Streptomyces griseus were reported for the first time in Asia. Infections caused by Nocardia caishijiensis and Prauserella muralis have also been reported in this study. The first Asian case of pulmonary infection caused by Nocardia ignorata and the first global case of brain abscess caused by Nocardia ninae and Nocardia neocaledoniensis have been reported in this study. Overall 30 isolates belonging to 6 genera (Nocardia, Streptomyces, Rodoccoccus, Nocardiopsis, Rothia, and Prauserella) were detected in 30 patients. All 30 isolates were susceptible to amikacin and linezolid. Three isolates including Nocardia otitidiscaviarum (n = 2) and Nocardia flavorosea (n = 1) were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole which were the first trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistant clinical actinomycetes in Iran. Isolation of rare species of actinomycetes particularly Nocardia spp. requires urgent action before they spread clinically particularly among immunocompromised patients.
Reproducing scientists’ mobility: a data-driven model
Authors: Vaccario Giacomo , Verginer Luca , Schweitzer Frank
Published: May 2021

High skill labour is an important factor underpinning the competitive advantage of modern economies. Therefore, attracting and retaining scientists has become a major concern for migration policy. In this work, we study the migration of scientists on a global scale, by combining two large data sets covering the publications of 3.5 million scientists over 60 years. We analyse their geographical distances moved for a new affiliation and their age when moving, this way reconstructing their geographical “career paths”. These paths are used to derive the world network of scientists’ mobility between cities and to analyse its topological properties. We further develop and calibrate an agent-based model, such that it reproduces the empirical findings both at the level of scientists and of the global network. Our model takes into account that the academic hiring process is largely demand-driven and demonstrates that the probability of scientists to relocate decreases both with age and with distance. Our results allow interpreting the model assumptions as micro-based decision rules that can explain the observed mobility patterns of scientists.
Phage display demonstrates durable differences in serological profile by route of inoculation in primary infections of non-human primates with Dengue Virus 1
Authors: Rajan Jayant V. , McCracken Michael , Mandel-Brehm Caleigh , Gromowski Greg , Pollett Simon , Jarman Richard , DeRisi Joseph L.
Published: May 2021

Natural dengue virus (DENV) infections occur by mosquito bite but how the inoculation route affects the humoral immune response is unknown. We serologically profiled 20 non-human primates (NHP) from a prior study of DENV1 infection where animals were inoculated by mosquito (N = 10) or subcutaneous injection (N = 10). Using a comprehensive, densely tiled and highly redundant pan-flavivirus programmable phage library containing 91,562 overlapping 62 amino acid peptides, we produced a high-resolution map of linear peptide sequences enriched during DENV seroconversion. Profiles in mosquito-inoculated and subcutaneously-inoculated animals were similar up to 90 days after primary infection, but diverged at 1 year with differences in sero-reactivity in the Envelope (E; residues 215–406; p < 0.08), and Nonstructural-3 (NS3; residues 549–615; p < 0.05) proteins in mosquito-inoculated versus subcutaneously-inoculated animals. Within the E protein, residues 339–384 in domain III accounted for > 99% of the observed sero-reactivity difference. Antibody breadth did not vary by mode of inoculation. The differential reactivity to E domain III seen by phage display validated orthogonally by ELISA, but did not correlate with late neutralization titers. Serological profiling of humoral immune responses to DENV infection in NHP by programmable phage display demonstrated durable differences in sero-reactivity by route of inoculation.
Evidence toward the potential absence of relationship between temporal and spatial heartbeats perception
Authors: Sophie Betka , Marta Łukowska , Marta Silva , Joshua King , Sarah Garfinkel , Hugo Critchley
Published: May 2021

Many interoceptive tasks (i.e. measuring the sensitivity to bodily signals) are based upon heartbeats perception. However, the temporal perception of heartbeats—when heartbeats are felt—varies among individuals. Moreover, the spatial perception of heartbeats—where on the body heartbeats are felt—has not been characterized in relation to temporal. This study used a multi-interval heartbeat discrimination task in which participants judged the timing of their own heartbeats in relation to external tones. The perception of heartbeats in both time and spatial domains, and relationship between these domains was investigated. Heartbeat perception occurred on average ~ 250 ms after the ECG R-wave, most frequently sampled from the left part of the chest. Participants’ confidence in discriminating the timing of heartbeats from external tones was maximal at 0 ms (tone played at R-wave). Higher confidence was related to reduced dispersion of sampling locations, but Bayesian statistics indicated the absence of relationship between temporal and spatial heartbeats perception. Finally, the spatial precision of heartbeat perception was related to state-anxiety scores, yet largely independent of cardiovascular parameters. This investigation of heartbeat perception provides fresh insights concerning interoceptive signals that contribute to emotion, cognition and behaviour.
A novel synthetic microtubule inhibitor exerts antiproliferative effects in multidrug resistant cancer cells and cancer stem cells
Authors: Park Mina , Hwang Jee Won , Cho Yena , Kim Saegun , Han Sang Hoon , Yu Jinsuh , Ha Sojung , Kim Woo-Young , Kim Su-Nam , Kim In Su , Kim Yong Kee
Published: May 2021

The success of cancer chemotherapy is limited by multidrug resistance (MDR), which is mainly caused by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) overexpression. In the present study, we describe a novel microtubule inhibitor, 5-(N-methylmaleimid-3-yl)-chromone (SPC-160002), that can be used to overcome MDR. A synthetic chromone derivative, SPC-160002, showed a broad spectrum of anti-proliferative effects on various human cancer cells without affecting P-gp expression and its drug efflux function. Treatment with SPC-160002 arrested the cell cycle at the M phase, as evidenced using fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, and increased the levels of mitotic marker proteins, including cyclin B, pS10-H3, and chromosomal passenger complex. This mitotic arrest by SPC-160002 was mediated by promoting and stabilizing microtubule polymerization, similar to the mechanism observed in case of taxane-based drugs. Furthermore, SPC-160002 suppressed the growth and sphere-forming activity of cancer stem cells. Our data herein strongly suggest that SPC-160002, a novel microtubule inhibitor, can be used to overcome MDR and can serve as an attractive candidate for anticancer drugs.
High plasma concentration of non-esterified polyunsaturated fatty acids is a specific feature of severe COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Nguyen Maxime , Bourredjem Abderrahmane , Piroth Lionel , Bouhemad Bélaïd , Jalil Antoine , Pallot Gaetan , Le Guern Naig , Thomas Charles , Pilot Thomas , Bergas Victoria , Choubley Hélène , Quenot Jean-Pierre , Charles Pierre-Emmanuel , Lagrost Laurent , Deckert Valerie , de Barros Jean-Paul Pais , Guinot Pierre-Grégoire , Masson David , Binquet Christine , Gautier Thomas , Blot Mathieu ,   Lymphonie study group, Andreu Pascal , Aptel François , Barben Jeremy , Beltramo Guillaume , Bielefeld Philip , Bonniaud Philippe , Bonnotte Bernard , Bour Jean-Baptiste , Buisson Marielle , Chavanet Pascal , Dargent Auguste , Georges Marjolaine , Guilhem Alexandre , Guy Julien , Labruyère Marie , Monier Serge , Mouries-Martin Suzanne , Prin Sébastien , Putot Alain
Published: May 2021

COVID-19 pneumonia has specific features and outcomes that suggests a unique immunopathogenesis. Severe forms of COVID-19 appear to be more frequent in obese patients, but an association with metabolic disorders is not established. Here, we focused on lipoprotein metabolism in patients hospitalized for severe pneumonia, depending on COVID-19 status. Thirty-four non-COVID-19 and 27 COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia were enrolled. Most of them required intensive care. Plasma lipid levels, lipoprotein metabolism, and clinical and biological (including plasma cytokines) features were assessed. Despite similar initial metabolic comorbidities and respiratory severity, COVID-19 patients displayed a lower acute phase response but higher plasmatic concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs). NEFA profiling was characterised by higher level of polyunsaturated NEFAs (mainly linoleic and arachidonic acids) in COVID-19 patients. Multivariable analysis showed that among severe pneumonia, COVID-19-associated pneumonia was associated with higher NEFAs, lower apolipoprotein E and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, independently of body mass index, sequential organ failure (SOFA) score, and C-reactive protein levels. NEFAs and PUFAs concentrations were negatively correlated with the number of ventilator-free days. Among hospitalized patients with severe pneumonia, COVID-19 is independently associated with higher NEFAs (mainly linoleic and arachidonic acids) and lower apolipoprotein E and HDL concentrations. These features might act as mediators in COVID-19 pathogenesis and emerge as new therapeutic targets. Further investigations are required to define the role of NEFAs in the pathogenesis and the dysregulated immune response associated with COVID-19.

Trial registration: NCT04435223.
Metal–organic frameworks and zeolite materials as active fillers for lithium-ion battery solid polymer electrolytes
Authors: Barbosa João C. , Gonçalves Renato , Costa Carlos M. , de Zea Bermudez Verónica , Fidalgo-Marijuan Arkaitz , Zhang Qi , Lanceros-Méndez Senentxu
Published: May 2021

The application of microporous structures as active fillers for solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) affects battery performance and this review presents the state of the art of microporous materials (MOFs and zeolites) for SPE in solid-state batteries.
GNPS-guided discovery of xylacremolide C and D, evaluation of their putative biosynthetic origin and bioactivity studies of xylacremolide A and B
Authors: Schalk Felix , Fricke Janis , Um Soohyun , Conlon Benjamin H. , Maus Hannah , Jäger Nils , Heinzel Thorsten , Schirmeister Tanja , Poulsen Michael , Beemelmanns Christine
Published: May 2021

Targeted HRMS2-GNPS-based metabolomic and genomic analysis of the fungal garden antagonist Pseudoxylaria sp. X187 resulted in the identification of xylacremolide C and D and the identification of their putative PKS-NRPS-based biosynthesis.
A fluorine-18 labeled radiotracer for PET imaging of γ-glutamyltranspeptidase in living subjects
Authors: Gao Dingyao , Miao Yinxing , Ye Siqin , Lu Chunmei , Lv Gaochao , Li Ke , Yu Chunjing , Lin Jianguo , Qiu Ling
Published: May 2021

A radiotracer ([18F]GCPA)2 for sensitively and specifically detecting the expression level of γ-glutamyltranspeptidase in living subjects was reported.
Evaluation of the dispersion of metakaolin–graphene oxide hybrid in water and cement pore solution: can metakaolin really improve the dispersion of graphene oxide in the calcium-rich environment of hydrating cement matrix?
Authors: Amini Kasra , Soleimani Amiri Siavash , Ghasemi Ali , Mirvalad Sajjad , Habibnejad Korayem Asghar
Published: May 2021

The aggregation mechanism of an MK–GO hybrid in the pH range of 10–11 due to the surface complexation between Al(OH)4− formed by MK dissolution and the graphene layer of GO through Lewis acid–base interaction.
Mineralization of calcium phosphate induced by a silk fibroin film under different biological conditions
Authors: Huang Ying , Zou Zhaoyong , Ping Hang , Lei Liwen , Xie Jingjing , Xie Hao , Fu Zhengyi
Published: May 2021

Silk fibroin films can have an important effect on the mineralization process of calcium phosphate in different biological environments. There was improvement of MSF with good biocompatibility that are promising in bone tissue engineering.
Organic–inorganic interactions revealed by Raman spectroscopy during reversible phase transitions in semiconducting [(C2H5)4N]FeCl4
Authors: Ben Brahim Khaoula , Ben gzaiel Malika , Oueslati Abderrazek , Khirouni Kamel , Gargouri Mohamed. , Corbel Gwenaël , Bardeau Jean-François
Published: May 2021

The alkylammonium halogenoferrate families are subjected to diverse studies according to their wide field application.
Sr2+ sorption property of seaweed-like sodium titanate mats: effects of crystallographic properties
Authors: Kondo Yoshifumi , Goto Tomoyo , Sekino Tohru
Published: May 2021

Seaweed-like sodium titanate mats (SSTs) have excellent sorption capacity of Sr2+ compared to sodium trititanate monodispersed nanofibers due to the sodium dititanate structure and its unique nano/micro-scale morphologies.
A combined photoelectron-imaging spectroscopic and theoretical investigation on the electronic structure of the VO2H anion
Authors: Wang Yongtian , Han Changcai , Hong Jing , Fei Zejie , Dong Changwu , Liu Hongtao , Xiong Xiaogen
Published: May 2021

The PES of VO2H− was detected at 814 nm. The electronic configuration of anionic and neutral of VO2H is 4A′′ and 3A′′, respectively. The electron was detached from the s-type 17a′ MO of the anionic ground state of VO2H.
Spent coffee waste as a renewable source for the production of sustainable poly(butylene succinate) biocomposites from a circular economy perspective
Authors: Gaidukova Gerda , Platnieks Oskars , Aunins Arturs , Barkane Anda , Ingrao Carlo , Gaidukovs Sergejs
Published: May 2021

Spent coffee waste from espresso machines was used as a renewable filler for the melt processing of sustainable poly(butylene succinate) biocomposites with enhanced exploitation properties.
Structure and absolute configuration assignments of ochracines F–L, chamigrane and cadinane sesquiterpenes from the basidiomycete Steccherinum ochraceum HFG119
Authors: Zhao Zhen-Zhu , Zhao Qi-Lu , Feng Wei-Sheng , He Hai-Rong , Li Meng , Xue Gui-Min , Chen He-Ping , Liu Ji-Kai
Published: May 2021

Eleven sesquiterpenes were isolated from cultures of the fungus Steccherinum ochraceum. Their structures were assigned by a combination of ROESY, J-based configuration analysis, computational methods, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
Synthesis, solution dynamics and chemical vapour deposition of heteroleptic zinc complexes via ethyl and amide zinc thioureides
Authors: Bhide Malavika A. , Mears Kristian L. , Carmalt Claire J. , Knapp Caroline E.
Published: May 2021

This work investigates the synthesis and solution dynamics of heteroleptic alkoxyzinc thioureides for the chemical vapour deposition of the heterochalcogenide material Zn(O,S).
Thermoresponsive properties of polymer hydrogels induced by copolymerization of hydrophilic and hydrophobic monomers: comprehensive study of monomer sequence and water affinity
Authors: Ida Shohei , Nishisako Daiki , Fujiseki Ayaka , Kanaoka Shokyoku
Published: May 2021

Structure–swelling property correlation of thermoresponsive copolymerization hydrogels is discussed from the viewpoint of monomer sequence and water affinity.
A flexible in-plane p–n heterojunction nano-generator with phonon-enhanced photothermoelectric effect to harvest solar energy
Authors: Zhou Hewu , Tao Panmeng , Lin Yang , Chen Zihao , Zhao Yanjie , Zeng Wei , Wang Siliang , Chen Zhiliang , Li Guohua , Ruan Limin
Published: May 2021

A flexible in-plane p–n heterojunction nano-generator has a unique ability to harvest solar light with a broadband spectrum from visible to infrared through the phonon-enhanced photothermoelectric effect.
Improved charging phenomenon with a modified barrier structure for flexible displays fabricated on polyimide substrates
Authors: Kim H.J. , Park J.M. , Byun C.W. , Bak S.R. , Jung Y.J. , Han C.H. , Yoo J.M. , Kim S.K. , Choi P.H. , Lee J.H. , Song J.K. , Choi B.D.
Published: May 2021

In a previous study, the authors investigated that abnormal Vth behaviour could occur due to polyimide charging when a voltage was applied to the gate in thin film transistors fabricated on polyimide substrates. The authors propose a barrier structure that could prevent this charging effect when fabricating flexible thin film transistors on polyimide substrates. The barrier layer was changed to an SiOCH/SiO2 double layer to reduce the influence of fluorine ions generated in PI by negative bias temperature stress. To confirm the effect of the SiOCH layer, Al/PI/SiO2/Al, Al/PI/SiOCH/SiO2/Al metal‐insulator‐metal capacitors were fabricated and electrical properties were measured. When bias stress was applied, changes in current and capacitance were observed only in the device with a single SiO2 barrier layer. In addition, it was confirmed through secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements that the Si–CH3 bonds in the SiOCH layer were replaced with Si–F bonds by the fluorine ions originating from PI. It was also verified that the abnormal behaviour of Vth did not occur after negative bias temperature stress of the thin film transistor fabricated using an SiOCH/SiO2 double layer.
Probability distributions of three‐antenna efficiency measurement in a reverberation chamber
Authors: Xu Qian , Xing Lei , Zhao Yongjiu , Jia Tianyuan , Huang Yi
Published: May 2021

Analytical expressions are derived for probability distributions of the three‐antenna efficiency measurement. The probability density function (PDF), the expected value, and the standard deviation are derived analytically. The Mellin transform is used in the PDF derivation to obtain the product of random variables, and the analytical distributions for the measured antenna efficiency are obtained. Measurements are performed to verify the results, which agree well with the analytical expressions.
Maximum power point tracking control for mechanical rectification wave energy converter
Authors: Xu Jianan , Zhao Yanpeng , Zhan Yong , Yang Yansong
Published: May 2021

As a clean and renewable energy, wave energy has abundant reserves, and its reasonable development and utilization can effectively alleviate the problems of energy shortage and environmental pollution. This paper proposes a mechanical rectification wave energy converter. The reciprocating linear motion of the buoy is directly converted into the rotary motion through the ball screw. The magnetic coupling force transmission system is adopted to ensure the sealing of the device. Using mechanical rectification mechanism to ensure the service life of the generator. In addition, a dynamic model of the mechanical rectification wave energy converter is established. Through simulation analysis, the curve of power with load resistance is obtained. And there is an optimal load resistance value corresponding to the maximum power in different wave conditions. In order to improve the power generation efficiency, the maximum power point tracking control algorithm is designed based on the admittance differentiation method. By controlling the duty cycle of the switch tube in the Buck‐Boost chopper circuit, the variable load is realized, and then the maximum power point tracking control is realized. Finally, simulation analysis verifies the feasibility of the algorithm under different wave conditions.