bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Current Practices, Costs and Benefits of FAIR Implementation in Pharmaceutical Research and Development: A Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Alharbi Ebtisam , Skeva Rigina , Juty Nick , Jay Caroline , Goble Carole
Published: September 2021

The findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable (FAIR) principles for scientific data management and stewardship aim to facilitate data reuse at scale by both humans and machines. Research and development (R&D) in the pharmaceutical industry is becoming increasingly data driven, but managing its data assets according to FAIR principles remains costly and challenging. To date, little scientific evidence exists about how FAIR is currently implemented in practice, what its associated costs and benefits are, and how decisions are made about the retrospective FAIRification of data sets in pharmaceutical R&D. This paper reports the results of semi-structured interviews with 14 pharmaceutical professionals who participate in various stages of drug R&D in seven pharmaceutical businesses. Inductive thematic analysis identified three primary themes of the benefits and costs of FAIRification, and the elements that influence the decision-making process for FAIRifying legacy data sets. Participants collectively acknowledged the potential contribution of FAIRification to data reusability in diverse research domains and the subsequent potential for cost-savings. Implementation costs, however, were still considered a barrier by participants, with the need for considerable expenditure in terms of resources, and cultural change. How decisions were made about FAIRification was influenced by legal and ethical considerations, management commitment, and data prioritisation. The findings have significant implications for those in the pharmaceutical R&D industry who are engaged in driving FAIR implementation, and for external parties who seek to better understand existing practices and challenges.
Habitats for large branchiopods in the agricultural landscape of the Mureş Floodplain Natural Park: how long will they last?
Authors: Cicort-Lucaciu Alfred-Ştefan , Herlo Gabriel-Lucian
Published: September 2021

In the last two hundred years, the Mureş River Floodplain has suffered major changes caused by dike constructions, meander cutting, and by the transformation of the natural landscape into an agricultural one. In this environmental context, we wanted to find out the degree to which large branchiopod species still survive in the Mureş Floodplain area. Every stagnant aquatic habitat encountered in 2019 in the Mureş Floodplain Natural Park was sampled. For the habitats where more species co-occur, urgent preservation actions must be taken. Most of the species prefer open habitats and have survived in the wheel ruts on agricultural lands. In the absence of natural habitats, the importance of this habitat type becomes a major one. The forest advantages species related to shady habitats, such as Chirocephalus diaphanus. We have found several individuals in the park that showed black spots on their bodies, characteristic of the black disease of fairy shrimp. The presence of the disease only in the populations from wheel ruts suggests that vehicles which make these ruts, could be the carriers of the disease.
A new combination in Zehneria (Cucurbitaceae)
Authors: WEI NENG , MUTIE FREDRICK MUNYAO , MWACHALA GEOFFREY , HU GUANG-WAN , WANG QING-FENG
Published: September 2021

N/A
A further strange Archaeorthoptera from the Moscovian of Nord-Pas-de-Calais (France) (Insecta, Polyneoptera)
Authors: NEL ANDRE , ROQUES PATRICK , DUQUESNE HERVE
Published: September 2021

The new Archaeorthoptera Duquesnia gallica gen. et sp. nov. Nel & Roques, is described from the upper Carboniferous of Northern France. It shows several putative synapomorphies with the three genera Contracladus Dvořák et al., 2021 (Pennsylvanian of Germany), Nugonioneura (lower Permian of USA), and Avionugonioneura from the Moscovian of Avion (France).
The genus Stammericaris Jakobi (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Parastenocarididae) in the Nearctic subregion: description of Stammericaris remotaepatriae sp. nov., proposal of Stammericaris palmerae (Reid 1992) comb. nov., and remarks on other North American Parastenocarididae
Authors: COTTARELLI VEZIO , BRUNO MARIA CRISTINA
Published: September 2021

We describe a new harpacticoid, Stammericaris remotaepatriae sp. nov., collected from the hyporheic habitat of a stream in Nantucket, MA, USA. The new species is characterized by the size of the caudal rami of both sexes, which are shorter than the anal somite, by the morphology and armature of the P3 and, mainly, by the P4 endopod of males, represented by a curved plate with a strongly bifid tip, the distal proximal outgrowth of the distal margin spiniform and denticled, the proximal outgrowth missing. The study of the new species allowed us to review the systematic position of Parastenocaris palmerae Reid, 1992, which we transferred to Stammericaris Jakobi, 1972 as Stammericaris palmerae (Reid, 1992) comb. nov., based mainly on the structure of the male P4 endopod complex and the setation of the caudal rami. We also discussed the taxonomic position and affinities of Parastenocaris trichelata Reid, 1955, suggesting that this species is related to the two former ones for a set of diagnostic features, but can not be attributed to the genus due to the peculiar morphology of the male P4 endopod complex; P. trichelata is therefore considered species inquirenda. We also discussed Parastenocaris sp. 1 and Parastenocaris sp. 3, two taxa only partially described and drawn in Strayer (1988). In fact, Parastenocaris sp. 1 can be related to Stammericaris and might represent a third species of the genus in the Nearctic region. Remarkably, the structure of the male P4 endopod of Parastenocaris sp. 3 is typical of Proserpinicaris Jakobi, 1972; this hypothetical assignment of the species to Proserpinicaris, if confirmed, would be of relevant taxonomic and biogeographic value. Finally, we provide an updated distribution map of the genus Stammericaris and brief remarks on the faunistic and ecological characteristics of the taxa presented and discussed in this paper.
Compound droughts and heatwaves over the Huai River Basin of China: From a perspective of the magnitude index
Authors: Wang Weijiao , Zhang Yuqing , Guo Bin , Ji Min , Xu Ying
Published: September 2021

Compound droughts and heatwaves have garnered increasing research attentions due to their disastrous impacts on the structure and function of ecosystems and societies. A drought is generally characterized by precipitation deficit, and its negative impact can be amplified by the simultaneous occurrence of a heatwave. More recent studies have highlighted the multi characteristics of compound droughts and heatwaves, which may call for improved efforts on assessing the impact of compound extremes. In this study, a compound drought and heatwave magnitude index (CDHMI) is built to characterize the severity of compound extremes in the Huai River Basin (HRB) during 1961-2017. The CDHMI considers the impact of both drought/extreme heat conditions and the duration of extreme heat. In addition, the magnitude index has been graded according to the degree of severity to detect the most drastic extreme compound events. The results show that from 1961 to 2017, mild and moderate events occurred more often than severe events. A significant increase in all compound events was observed from 2003 to 2017. Compound droughts and heatwaves events, especially in drought status, have increased significantly with the global climate warming in recent decades. The assessment of the impact for compound droughts and heatwaves events over the HRB needs to be improved in the context of global climate changing. Therefore, the CDHMI can be used to accurately assess the risk of compound droughts and heatwaves.
The Canadian national intelligence culture: A minimalist and defensive national intelligence apparatus
Authors: Munier Marco
Published: September 2021

This paper seeks to understand the nature and characteristics of Canadian national intelligence culture post–Cold War using the analytical insights of the strategic culture and intelligence culture literature. Previous studies have focused on an organizational description or historical studies of Canadian intelligence during the Cold War or after 9/11. Yet, no studies have examined the characterization of a national intelligence culture in Canada and proposed to contextualize the Canadian intelligence system in light of its national intelligence culture. Building on a culturalist approach of national intelligence systems, this paper proposes an operationalization of the national intelligence culture concept drawn on the strategic and intelligence culture literature. The paper concludes that Canada’s national intelligence culture is mostly defensive and minimalist. However, we note that recent changes in the Canadian intelligence apparatus have led to a gradual evolution of Canadian intelligence from defensive to offensive.
Land and storytelling: Indigenous pathways towards healing, spiritual regeneration, and resurgence
Authors: Mussi Francesca
Published: September 2021

This article aims to contribute to discourses of healing, Indigenous resurgence and spiritual regeneration within the context of the Indian Residential School Truth and Reconciliation Commission that took place in Canada between 2008 and 2015. First, it considers to what extent the TRC’s restorative justice process can relate to Indigenous ways of conceptualising healing. Secondly, it reflects on the Commission’s exclusive focus on the Indian Residential School system and its legacies, which, according to many Indigenous scholars, overlooks a much broader and more complex history of colonisation, political domination, and land dispossession still ongoing. I underline that, from an Indigenous perspective, land plays a fundamental role to achieve healing, spiritual regeneration, and resurgence. In the last section, I move the discussion to the literary dimension as I explore Richard Wagamese’s 2012 novel Indian Horse. In particular, I argue that fiction, especially that fiction produced during the years of the Commission’s work, can be a crucial site for challenging the TRC’s restorative process and for bringing out the significance of storytelling and of an Indigenous deep sense of connection to the land as a source of learning, spiritual reclaiming, and healing.
Thermal radiation effect on unsteady mixed convection boundary layer flow and heat transfer of nanofluid over permeable stretching surface through porous medium in the presence of heat generation
Authors: Sedki Ahmed M. , Abo-Dahab S. M. , Bouslimi J. , Mahmoud K. H.
Published: September 2021

Here, we study the effect of mixed convection and thermal radiation on unsteady boundary layer of heat transfer and nanofluid flow over permeable moving surface through a porous medium. The effect of heat generation is also discussed. The equations governing the system are the continuity equation, momentum equation and the heat transfer equation. These governing equations transformed into a system of nondimensional equations contain many physical parameters that describe the study. The transformed equations are solved numerically using an implicit finite difference technique with Newton's linearization method. The thermo-physical parameters describe the study are the mixed convection parameter α, [Formula: see text], the Radiation parameter Rd, [Formula: see text] , porous medium parameter k, [Formula: see text], the nanoparticles volume [Formula: see text],[Formula: see text], the suction or injection parameter fw, [Formula: see text], the unsteadiness parameter At, [Formula: see text] and the heat source parameter λ  =  0.5 .The influence of the thermo-physical parameters is obtained analytically and displayed graphically. Comparisons of some special cases of the present study are performed with previously published studies and a good agreement is obtained.
Association between TFEB gene polymorphism, gene–environment interaction, and fatty liver disease: A case–control study in China
Authors: Mo Chunbao , Mai Tingyu , Cai Jiansheng , He Haoyu , Lu Huaxiang , Tang Xu , Chen Quanhui , Xu Xia , Nong Chuntao , Liu Shuzhen , Tan Dechan , Liu Qiumei , Xu Min , Li You , Zhang Zhiyong , Qin Jian
Published: September 2021

Background:

Fatty liver disease (FLD) is a serious public health problem that is rapidly increasing. Evidence indicates that the transcription factor EB ( TFEB) gene may be involved in the pathophysiology of FLD; however, whether TEFB polymorphism has an association with FLD remains unclear.

Objectives:

To explore the association among TFEB polymorphism, gene–environment interaction, and FLD and provide epidemiological evidence for clarifying the genetic factors of FLD.

Methods:

This study is a case–control study. Sequenom MassARRAY was applied in genotyping. Logical regression was used to analyze the association between TFEB polymorphism and FLD, and the gene–environment interaction in FLD was evaluated by multiplication and additive interaction models.

Results:

(1) The alleles and genotypes of each single nucleotide polymorphism and haplotypes of TFEB in the case and control groups were evenly distributed; no statistically substantial difference was observed. (2) Logistic regression analysis indicated that TFEB polymorphism is not remarkably associated with FLD. (3) In the multiplicative interaction model, rs1015149, rs1062966, rs11754668 and rs2273068 had remarkable interaction with the amount of cigarette smoking. Rs1062966 and rs11754668 also had a considerable interaction body mass index and alcohol intake, respectively. However, no remarkable additive interaction was observed.

Conclusion:

TFEB polymorphism is not directly associated with FLD susceptibility, but the risk can be changed through gene–environment interaction.
Intensive Mothering and the Unequal School-Search Burden
Authors: Brown Bailey A.
Published: September 2021

Expanded school-choice policies have weakened the traditional link between residence and school assignment. These policies have created new school options and new labor for families to manage and divide. Drawing on interviews with 90 mothers and 12 fathers of elementary-age children, I demonstrate that mothers across class, racial, and ethnic backgrounds absorb the labor of school decision-making. Working-class mothers emphasize self-sacrifice and search for schools that will keep their children safe. Middle-class mothers intensively research school information and seek niche school environments. Working-class and middle-class black and Latinx mothers engage in ongoing labor to monitor the racial climate within schools and to protect their children from experiences of marginalization. Partnered fathers and single primary-caregiver fathers invest less time and energy in the search for schools. These findings identify an important source of gender inequality stemming from modern educational policies and suggest new directions for research on school choice.
A woven electrode with convex structure for electrical impedance tomography
Authors: Zhang Xi , Zhong Yueqi , Wang Qi , Dou Chang
Published: September 2021

We developed a silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) woven electrode, which was woven in a convex high-density structure. The convex structure can decrease the motion artifacts caused by the slippage between human skin and the electrode. The high density can reduce the noise caused by the change of contact resistance. The model of the electrode–skin interface was proposed, and its equivalent circuit model was built, which can present an intuitive understanding of electrode design principles. Furthermore, AgCl particles were electrochemically deposited on the Ag electrode in terms of 23 schemes to optimize the deposition uniformity. The effects of deposition time, electrolyte concentration, and current/voltage magnitude were investigated. According to the result, the best combination is a constant current method, with the current at 0.01 A, the deposition time set to 300 s, and the electrolyte concentration as 0.05 M. The resistances of the deposited electrodes are qualified for impedance monitoring due to their small resistance. A bioimpedance system was assembled followed by the electrical impedance tomography mechanism. The frequency response and bioimpedance–time relationship were measured and analyzed in our bioimpedance system. The result reveals that the frequency response from [Formula: see text] to[Formula: see text] Hz presents a stable state for the convex woven electrode. The woven electrode system has a wider stable frequency band than the wet electrode. The bioimpedance of wet electrodes is stable in the initial time, whereas that of woven electrodes decreases with time. However, the wet electrode bioimpedance increases with time after 3 h, and the woven electrode bioimpedance is stable after 3 h. Both the interface capacitance and resistance have very important roles in the bioimpedance system. The woven electrode is better in long-term monitoring than the wet electrode. In addition, convex electrode bioimpedance presents less noise than the plain electrode. Therefore, the convex electrode is the best choice for the bioimpedance monitoring system.
Research and implementation of a fabric printing detection system based on a field programmable gate array and deep neural network
Authors: Li Feng , Xi Qinggang
Published: September 2021

In this paper, aiming at the problems of difficult positioning, slow speed and low precision of digital printing, a detection system suitable for textile printing positioning is proposed and designed. This detection system innovatively combines a neural network and field programmable gate array (FPGA) to realize rapid and accurate positioning of printing. In the neural network part, this paper selects the backbone network Darknet19 of YOLOv2 as the backbone network, and under the premise of ensuring a certain detection accuracy, the network model is pruned and quantified to make it suitable for deployment on the embedded device FPGA. In addition, before the network training, this paper optimizes the candidate boxes by introducing k-means clustering to customize the analysis of the fabric print dataset to improve the detection accuracy. In the FPGA part, this paper optimizes the architecture on the FPGA side in two parts: data computation and data transmission. In terms of computational optimization, parallel optimization of the neural network is performed by combining FPGA optimization methods, such as pipeline and unroll. In terms of transmission optimization, we use a double-buffered design to ping-pong in the input and output modules to overlap the latency, and then use multi-port transmission to improve the overall bandwidth utilization and reduce the transmission latency caused by on-chip and off-chip interactions. The experimental results show that the detection system combining the neural network and FPGA can effectively position fabric prints and meet the needs of real-time. The design scheme has lower power compared to the graphics processing unit and is faster compared to the central processing unit.
Retirement Confidence: Development of an Index
Authors: Ghafoori Eraj , Mata Fernanda , Borg Kim , Smith Liam , Ralston Debora
Published: September 2021

Older workers who are confident about the changes accompanying retirement report higher well-being. We have developed an index to measure retirement confidence – the Retirement Confidence Index (RCI). A six-stage approach was used to develop the index items, including (i) a literature review to catalogue retirement confidence components; (ii) a consultation with a panel of experts to review the proposed indicators and combine components according to their meaning; (iii) normalisation of the selected components to make them comparable; (iv) weighting of the top-level dimensions using experts’ judgement; (v) linear aggregation of the dimension scores according to their corresponding relative weight; and (vi) correlation of the composite score with a self-report measure of retirement confidence. Based on the review of the literature, a list of nine sub-components (financial literacy, financial attitude and behaviour, financial control, financial anxiety, physical health, mental health, social connectedness, goal setting for retirement and future uncertainties) was compiled. Subsequently, these components were grouped into four broad dimensions. Correlations between these dimensions (social, financial awareness and skills, health and well-being, and retirement awareness and planning dimensions) and the corresponding self-reported measures were as high as r = 0.555, r = 0.603, r = 0.591 and r = 0.569, reflecting 30.8%, 36.3%, 34.9% and 32.3% shared variance with the corresponding self-reported indices, respectively. The Retirement Confidence Index provides the foundation for future research to measure retirement confidence, with the aim of identifying deficient RCI dimensions and directing efforts to targeted policies to ensure older workers are confident about retirement.
Techniques of repair, the circulation of knowledge, and environmental transformation: Towards a new history of transportation
Authors: Margócsy Dániel , Brazelton Mary Augusta
Published: September 2021

It is the aim of this article to put questions of maintenance and repair in the history of science and technology under scrutiny, with a special focus on technologies and methods of transportation. The history of transportation is a history of trying to avoid shipwrecks and plane crashes. It is also a history of broken masts, worm-eaten hulls, the flat tires of cars, and endless delays at airports. This introductory article assesses the technological, scientific, and cultural implications of repairing and maintaining transportation networks. We argue that infrastructures for maintenance and repair played just as important a role in the history of transportation as the wharves and factories where ships, cars, trains, and airplanes were originally built. We also suggest that maintenance and repair are important sites of knowledge production, and a historical account of these practices provides a new, decentered narrative for the development of modern science and technology.
Forgotten Variables and Older Men in Custody: Negative Childhood Events, Forgiveness, and Religiosity
Authors: Kevin Randall George , Bishop Alex J.
Published: September 2021

The study tested a mediational model linking negative childhood events through forgiveness of self and social support to religiosity using data from a convenience sample of 261 men aged 45–82 years residing behind prison walls. The Developmental Model of Adaptation provided the study's conceptual model for investigating the associations among the study variables. The study tested a mediational model linking the distal past (negative childhood events) to the outcome, religiosity, through forgiveness, and social support. The final model demonstrated the association of negative childhood events with religiosity through forgiveness of self (not forgiveness of others or situation) and social support. The study's findings suggest that at intake and during time in confinement, middle-aged and older men in prison should be assessed for and offered interventions aimed at helping them cope with the trauma of childhood events, achieve self-forgiveness, seek social support, and express religiosity as important for sustaining their well-being.
Effect of “freedom of choice” on Task Performance and Well-Being During Leisure Activity: An Intercultural Study Among Older Adults in China and France
Authors: Tang Minmin , Wang Dahua , Guerrien Alain
Published: September 2021

Based on the perspective of self-determination theory (SDT) and the cross-cultural, the aim of the present study was to explore the effect of “freedom of choice” on the well-being of institution-dwelling older adults (elderly residences and nursing homes), in particular during leisure activities. Participants ( NChina = 67, Mage = 80.55 years; NFrance = 90, Mage = 82.19 years) were randomly assigned to the “elderly-choice” group or “staff choice” group to participate in a puzzle game. Consistent with SDT, results showed that basic psychological needs satisfaction (autonomy, competence, relatedness) was positively associated with elderly well-being. However, our findings did not demonstrate the importance of freedom of choice for promoting such well-being in the context of leisure activities for either culture; this may be related to the recompense of close relationships or else the particularity of the elderly population. Interestingly, competence satisfaction was observed to act as a complete mediating variable between task performance and well-being only in the French population.
A type-2 fuzzy control for active/reactive power control and energy storage management
Authors: Mohammadi Moghadam Hooman , Mohammadzadeh Ardashir , Hadjiaghaie Vafaie Reza , Tavoosi Jafar , Khooban Mohammad- Hassan
Published: September 2021

This paper presents a new type-2 fuzzy logic control (T2FLC) for active/reactive power (AP/RP) regulation and energy storage management of an independent microgrid (MG). The case-study MG includes sporadic renewable sources that lead to significant frequency and voltage fluctuations in the network. The rules of suggested T2FLCs are tuned such that a fractional-order sliding condition can be satisfied. Also a new approach using square-root-cubature Kalman filter is designed to optimize the membership parameters of T2FLCs. Beside AP/RP power regulation, an electrical storage system (battery energy storage system (BESS)) is managed to produce the rated power, rather than a conventional generator. It makes the device frequency separate from the synchronous generator’s mechanical inertia. Nevertheless, a BESS has a power limit – it uses a synchronous generator to sustain the BESS charge state at a certain value. Sustainable energies achieve a voltage-damping impact by supplementing an AP/RP droop strategy procedure that considerably reduces voltage oscillation created by variation of its own output power. In various disturbed scenarios the good performance of the suggested controller and energy management system is shown.
Opioid Prescriptions Following Otologic Surgery: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Kirubalingam Keshinisuthan , Nguyen Paul , Klar Gregory , Dion Joanna M. , Campbell Robert J. , Beyea Jason Atkins
Published: September 2021

Objective

To examine postoperative opioid‐prescribing patterns following otologic surgery.

Study Design

Retrospective population‐based descriptive study.

Setting

All hospitals in the Canadian province of Ontario.

Methods

Of all patients with advanced ear surgery between July 1, 2012, and March 31, 2019, 7 cohorts were constructed: tympanoplasty with or without ossiculoplasty (n = 7812), atticotomy/limited mastoidectomy (n = 1371), mastoidectomy (n = 3717), semicircular canal occlusion (SCO; n = 179), stapedectomy (n = 2735), bone‐implanted hearing aid insertion (n = 280), and cochlear implant (n = 2169). Prescriptions filled for narcotics postoperatively were calculated per morphine milligram equivalent (MME) opioid dose. Multivariable regression was used to determine predictors of higher opioid doses.

Results

The mean ± SD MMEs prescribed were as follows: tympanoplasty with or without ossiculoplasty, 246.77 ± 1380.78; atticotomy/limited mastoidectomy, 283.32 ± 956.10; mastoidectomy, 280.56 ± 1018.50; SCO, 328.61 ± 1090.86; stapedectomy, 164.64 ± 657.18; bone‐implanted hearing aid insertion, 326.11 ± 1054.66; and cochlear implant, 200.87 ± 639.93. SCO (odds ratio [OR], 1.69 [95% CI, 1.16‐2.48]) and mastoidectomy (OR, 1.50 [95% CI, 1.36‐1.66]) were associated with higher opioid doses than tympanoplasty‐ossiculoplasty. Asthma (OR, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.12‐1.38]), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.12‐1.47]), myocardial infarction (OR, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.05‐1.68]), diabetes (OR, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.08‐1.39]), and substance‐related and addictive disorders (OR, 2.59 [95% CI, 1.67‐4.00]) were associated with higher opioid doses prescribed. Overall MME prescribed by year demonstrates a sharp drop from 2017‐2018 to 2018‐2019.

Conclusion

This large comprehensive population study provides insight into the prescribing patterns following otologic surgery. The large amounts prescribed and substantial variation require further study to determine barriers that limit good opioid‐prescribing stewardship in the postoperative period.
Evaluation of hetro-stacked target plate response toward different nose shaped projectile impact
Authors: Iqbal Danish , Tiwari Vikrant
Published: September 2021

Detailed experimental and numerical investigations were carried out for evaluating the dynamic response of the stacked target plates toward moderate (100–250 m/s) velocity projectile impact. A single stage gas gun was utilized to launch the hemispherical and the blunt projectile toward two different hetro-stacked configurations (Al-St and St-Al). A comprehensive experimental (high speed 3D-DIC) and numerical (FE) evaluation was conducted to obtain the transient and post-impact behavior of the target plates. Influence of different projectile shapes on the full-field transient deformation profiles of different stacking configurations was studied in detail. Also, typical perforation parameters like plug size, shape, and perforation hole diameters were carefully measured and analyzed. A comprehensive error measure was utilized to quantify the similarity between the experimental and simulation results, a very good agreement was observed.
Time to retire ‘New daily persistent headache’: Mode of onset of chronic migraine and tension-type headache
Authors: Lobo Rhannon , Wang Mu , Lobo Sean , Bahra Anish
Published: September 2021

New daily persistent headache is described as an enigmatic condition with daily headache from onset. It has posed challenges diagnostically and therapeutically.

Methods: We conducted a study of patients referred to headache services based in Central and North-East London, United Kingdom, meeting the International Classificaiton of Headache Disorders – 3 criteria for New daily persistent headache. Information on demographics, phenotype and treatment responses were collected. The syndrome of the daily headache was also classified according any other ICHD-3-defined syndrome.

Results: Of 162 patients, females comprised 68.5% with median age of onset 35 years. The daily headache experienced was chronic migraine in 89.7% and tension-type headache in 8.8%. Thunderclap-onset New daily persistent headache occurred in 14.8%. More than one headache syndrome was experienced in 15.4%, including cough, hypnic, sexual and stabbing headache. All aura types were experienced, most commonly brainstem aura in 39%. Prior headache was reported 53.7%. A persisting sub-form was present in 51.2%, relapsing remitting in 12.3% and 14.0% reported improvement; 19.8% were lost to follow-up. Only 11.1% reported an antecedent trigger. The most common premorbid disorders were psychiatric in 35.7%. A fifth improved on preventative medication, most commonly amitriptyline, propranolol and topiramate.

Conclusion: Our cohort of New daily persistent headache is consistent with a mode of onset of migraine and tension-type headache which occurs in predisposed individuals.
Solid waste shape description and generation based on spherical harmonics and probability density function
Authors: Li Yifeng , Qin Xunpeng , Zhang Zhenyuan , Dong Huanyu
Published: September 2021

Transport and separation processes of solid waste can only be modelled successfully with discrete element methods in case the shape of the particles can be described accurately. The existing techniques for morphological data acquisition, such as computed tomography, laser scanning technique, optical interferometer, stereo photography and structured light technique, are laborious and require a large amount of realistic solid waste samples. Therefore, there is a pressing need for an alternative method to describe the shape of solid waste particles and to generate multiple variations of particles with almost similar shapes. In this paper, a new method to describe solid waste particles is proposed that is frequency-based and uses spherical harmonics (SHs). Additionally, a new shape generation method is introduced that uses the shape description of a single particle to generate an array of related shapes based on a probability density function with a dimensionless control factor η. The newly proposed methods were successfully applied to describe the complex shapes of pieces of metal and plastic scrap. The shapes of these pieces of scrap can be described adequately with 15° of SH expansion and the overall divergence is within 0.1 mm. Five different values for η were tested, which generated shapes with the same distribution as the original particle. Rising levels of η cause the morphological variation of the generated particles to increase. These new methods improve the modelling of transportation and separation processes.
Stakeholders’ participation in environmental regulation: A case study of the sectoral agreement of packaging reverse logistics in Brazil
Authors: Pereira Alexandre Neves Marques , Ribeiro Flavio de Miranda
Published: September 2021

This paper discusses the role of stakeholders’ participation in decision-making of waste policies, exploring the case of the sectoral agreement (SA) of packaging in Brazil. This case represents a robust step to introduce circular economy for packaging in Brazil and Latin America. Since the enactment of the Brazilian National Solid Waste Policy in 2010, a series of agreements were created to introduce an alternative model of extended producer responsibility in the country. This historical analysis evaluates the decision-making and the outcomes of its participatory process. Three qualitative research methods were applied: 76 interviews with stakeholders at the three levels of governance; observation of five events during the negotiation process and analysis of government documents. The results show that stakeholders’ participation was crucial throughout the policy design, contributing directly and indirectly to the outcomes of the SA, with knowledge exchange, creation of networks and by pressuring solid waste management issue onto the government’s agenda. However, the participatory process is not straightforward, and during the agreement process, some advancements seem to be jeopardised, with risk of participation being exploited to legitimise political interests. At the end, research points out that participation needs to be promoted and expanded throughout all the stages of the policy cycle, bringing together also other stakeholders such as local governments and civil society.
Assessing the management of healthcare waste for disease prevention and environment protection at selected hospitals in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Kyomba Gabriel Kalombe , Konde Joêl Nkiama Numbi , Saila-Ngita Diafuka , Solo Thomas Kuanda , Kiyombo Guillaume Mbela
Published: September 2021

Incineration is the most used healthcare waste (HCW) disposal method. Disease outbreaks due to Ebola virus and SARS-CoV2 require attention to HCW management to avoid pathogens spread and spillover. This study describes HCW management prior to incineration and hospital incinerators performance by analysing bottom ashes from hospitals in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. We used semi-structured interviews to capture information on pre-incineration waste management and analysed the chemical composition of 27 samples of incinerator bottom ashes using the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Neither sorting nor waste management measures were applied at hospitals surveyed. Incinerator operators were poorly equipped and their knowledge was limited. The bottom ash concentrations of cadmium, chromium, nickel and lead ranged between 0.61–10.44, 40.15–737.01, 9.11–97.55 and 16.37–240.03 mg kg−1, respectively. Compared to Chinese incinerator performance, the concentrations of some elements were found to be lower than those from China. This discrepancy may be explained by the difference in the composition of HCW. The authors conclude that health care waste in Kinshasa hospitals is poorly managed, higher concentrations of heavy metals are found in incinerator bottom ashes and the incinerators quality is poor. They recommend the strict application of infection prevention control measures, the training of incinerator operators and the use of high-performance incinerators.
The Shock Doctrine Comes to Canada: Laurentian University’s Insolvency Claim and the Neoliberal Tide
Authors: Roth Reuben
Published: September 2021

During the depths of COVID-19, Laurentian University, a small Canadian postsecondary institution located in the mid-sized city of Sudbury Canada, declared that it was insolvent and was legally allowed to terminate one-third of its faculty and cut almost one-half of its academic programmes. This historically unprecedented attack on a Canadian public institution utilized a Federal corporate court process, the Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act (CCAA), a piece of legislation akin to the US Chapter 11 process. The result of the still-ongoing process saw the university Administration and Board of Governors working against the interests of the community, targeting the arts, Indigenous, Francophone and working-class communities. This article poses the question ‘to whom do universities belong, and at what point does a publicly funded university stop being a collective “social good” – responsible to the society that spawned it – and start being a stand-alone organization that serves private interests?’
From the margins to the NICE guidelines: British clinical psychology and the development of cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis, 1982–2002
Authors: Harper David J. , Townsend Sebastian
Published: September 2021

Although histories of cognitive behaviour therapy have begun to appear, their use with people with psychosis diagnoses has received relatively little attention. In this article, we elucidate the conditions of possibility for the emergence of cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis (CBTp) in England between 1982 and 2002. We present an analysis of policy documents, research publications and books, participant observation, and interviews with a group of leading researchers and senior policy actors. Informed by Derksen and Beaulieu’s articulation of social technologies, we show how CBTp was developed and stabilised through the work of a variety of overlapping informal, academic, clinical, professional, and policy networks. The profession of clinical psychology played a key role in this development, successfully challenging the traditional ‘division of labour’ where psychologists focused on ‘neurosis’ and left ‘psychosis’ to psychiatry. Following Abbott's systems approach to professions, we identify a number of historical factors that created a jurisdictional vulnerability for psychiatry while strengthening the jurisdictional legitimacy of clinical psychology in providing psychological therapies to service users with psychosis diagnoses. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence played a significant role in adjudicating jurisdictional legitimacy, and its 2002 schizophrenia guidelines, recommending the use of psychological therapies, marked a radical departure from the psychiatric consensus. Our analysis may be of wider interest in its focus on social technologies in a context of jurisdictional contestation. We discuss the implications of our study for the field of mental health and for the relationship between clinical psychology and psychiatry.
Impact of gap-ratios on buoyancy-assisted mixed convection flow and heat transfer in unconfined framework with two side-by-side cylinders
Authors: Sanyal Aniruddha , Dhiman Amit
Published: September 2021

An analysis has been carried out to understand the consequences of side-by-side gap-ratio on thermal buoyancy-assisted two-dimensional flow past a pair of heated circular cylinders for a dominant viscous flow field. This is implemented through studies at Reynolds number ( Re) ranging from 5 to 40, Prandtl number ( Pr) 0.7, gap-ratio ( T/D) 1.5 to 4 and Richardson number ( Ri) 0 to 1. An ANSYS-based incompressible flow solver is used with Boussinesq approximation to account for density variations in the momentum equation. One can realize features like the steady-separated and steady-unseparated flow on varying flow and thermal parameters. Unlike streamlines, non-interacting isotherms are non-existent in the current numerical framework. The influence of gap-ratio on enhancement in Nusselt number ( Nu) is the best realized at T/D = 1.5 and buoyancy-aided effects play a dominant role for enhancement in Nu at diffusion and/or viscous-dominant conditions occurring at Re = 5. Correlations are developed to quantify the impact of T/D, Re, and Richardson number Ri on Nu. For the first time, Nu’s correlation based on varying side-by-side gap-ratio has been stated in a single expression. Finally, a comparison for the heat transfer enhancement/reduction in Nu under a similar numerical framework is provided with cases of high-Pr flow and/or different relatable flow arrangements for circular and square cylinders.
Railway track availability modelling with opportunistic maintenance practice
Authors: Davies Ben , Andrews John
Published: September 2021

The geometry of railway track must be maintained within certain standards in order to provide a highly available network, as well as good ride comfort and safety for all rail users. Modelling is well utilised as part of asset management tools in exploring the effectiveness of different rail geometry maintenance strategies. By considering the rail route as an entire system – in contrast to a track section in isolation – a more effective maintenance strategy can be developed, including the deployment of opportunistic maintenance practice. This study presents a Coloured Petri Net model of railway track degradation, inspection, and maintenance planning and delivery, for an entire route of track sections. Opportunistic maintenance is introduced through a novel search transition function, which groups interventions based on local adjacency. Testing explores the availability and maintenance demands expected when following a series of different management strategies. This is extended to testing under heatwave conditions, a known disrupter to track geometry maintenance delivery. Simulation results show that in following an opportunistic strategy, greater availability can be achieved on the modelled rail line. Further, resilience to the heatwave disruptions can be achieved by selecting the correct maintenance strategy parameters. This asset management tool can provide guidance on management strategies for a full route of track sections as a combined system.
Effect of addition of plastic pyrolytic oil and waste cooking oil biodiesel in palm oil biodiesel–commercial diesel blends on diesel engine performance, emission, and lubricity
Authors: Awang Muhamad SN , Zulkifli Nurin WM , Abbas Muhammad M , Zulkifli Syahir A , Yusoff Mohd NAM , Ahmad Muhammad H , Lokman NolHakim Muhammad AH , Wan Daud Wan MA
Published: September 2021

The main purposes of this research were to study the diesel engines' performance and emission characteristics of quaternary fuels, as well as to analyze their tribological properties. The quaternary comprised waste plastic pyrolysis oil, waste cooking oil biodiesel, palm oil biodiesel, and commercial diesel. Their compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. By using mechanical stirring, four quaternary fuels with different compositions were prepared. Because Malaysia is expected to implement B30 (30% palm oil biodiesel content in diesel) in 2025, B30a (30% palm oil biodiesel and 70% commercial diesel) mixture was prepared as a reference fuel. In total, 5%, 10%, and 15% of each waste plastic pyrolysis oil and waste cooking oil biodiesel were mixed with palm oil biodiesel –commercial diesel mixture to improve fuel characteristics, engine performance, and emission parameters. The palm oil biodiesel of the quaternary fuel mixture was kept constant at 10%. The results were compared with B30a fuel and B10 (10% for palm oil biodiesel and 90% for diesel; commercial diesel). The findings indicated that compared with B30a fuel, the brake power and brake thermal efficiency of all quaternary fuel mixtures were increased by up to 2.78% and 9.81%, respectively. Compared with B30a, all quaternary fuels also showed up to a 6.31% reduction in brake-specific fuel consumption. Compared with B30a, the maximum carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emissions of B40 (60% commercial diesel, 10% palm oil biodiesel, 15% waste plastic pyrolysis oil and 15% waste cooking oil biodiesel) quaternary fuel were reduced by 19.66% and 4.16%, respectively. The B20 (80% commercial diesel, 10% palm oil biodiesel, 5% waste plastic pyrolysis oil and 5% waste cooking oil biodiesel) quaternary blend showed a maximum reduction of 41.86% in hydrocarbon emissions collated to B30a. Compared with B10, the average coefficient of friction of the quaternary fuel mixture of B40, B30b (70% commercial diesel, 10% palm oil biodiesel, 10% waste plastic pyrolysis oil and 10% waste cooking oil biodiesel), and B20 were reduced by 3.01%, 1.20%, and 0.23%, respectively. Therefore, the quaternary blends show excellent utilization potential in diesel engine performance.
Negative imaginariness and positive realness analysis of state-space symmetric systems with interval uncertainty
Authors: Liu Mei , Lin Hong , Wang Yan , Chen Gang
Published: September 2021

In this article, the state-space symmetric systems with symmetrical interval uncertainty that have positive real and negative imaginary properties are studied. First, a necessary and sufficient test in view of a state matrix is derived for a state-space symmetric system to be negative imaginary, which allows having poles at the origin. Second, bounds on symmetrical interval uncertainty that guarantee the positive realness and negative imaginariness of state-space symmetric systems are provided. Finally, the main results are illustrated by a resistor–capacitor network and a numerical design example.
Macroeconomic News and Exchange Rates: Exploring the Role of Order Flow
Authors: Jabeen Munazza , Rashid Abdul
Published: September 2021

This article studies the effects of macroeconomic news announcements and order flow on exchange rates in Pakistan by considering both direct and indirect information channels during news announcements periods. For this purpose, it employs GARCH models by using real-time data on macroeconomic news, order flow, and exchange rates. The findings reveal that macroeconomic news directly, and indirectly affect Pak Rupee exchange rates. The results also show that the order flow drives fluctuations in Pak Rupee exchange rates indicating the role of trade signals and trading strategies of currency traders in the exchange rate determination. Hence, as part of an aggregated economic component and means of public and private information, macroeconomic news and order flow impact Pak Rupee exchange rates as an integrated determinant. When macroeconomic news strikes the foreign exchange market, it affects the decisions of market makers, influencing order flow, and then exchange rates.