bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Digital Transformation of Violence: A New Perception of Violence in Young People
Authors: AKIN Saime , UYSAL Meyrem TUNA
Published: October 2023

Gündelik hayatlarının hemen her alanında dijital teknoloji ürünlerinin aktif kullanıcısı olan gençler dijital teknoloji ürünleri ve internet tabanlı uygulamalar aracılığıyla bilgiye ulaşma, öğrenme, içerik üretme ve sosyalleşme gibi
birçok ihtiyacını karşılar hale gelmektedir. Dijital teknoloji ürünlerinin gençlerin gündelik yaşam pratiklerine sunduğu bu imkânlar ile birlikte, bu teknoloji ürünlerinin kötü amaçlı kullanımı şiddetin farklı bir türü olan dijital
şiddetin ortaya çıkmasına yol açmaktadır. Nitekim günümüzde şiddet, teknolojinin getirdiği yeniliklerle birlikte varlığını dijital alana taşımakta ve bu alanda şekillenerek dönüşüme uğramaktadır. Buna göre çalışmada, yeni bir şiddet
türü olarak nitelendirilen dijital şiddetin gençler üzerinde nasıl deneyimlendiği ele alınmaktadır. Dijital şiddetin gençler üzerindeki etkisini tespit etmeyi amaçlayan bu çalışma, Antalya’nın Alanya ilçesinde 10’u erkek, 10’u
kadın olmak üzere toplam 20 genç katılımcı ile yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılarak ve derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada gençlerin dijital teknoloji kullanımları, dijital şiddete dair
söylemsel tanımları ve maruz kalınan dijital şiddet türleri ile dijital şiddetle baş etme yöntemleri temaları çerçevesinde elde edilen görüşme verileri analiz edilmekte ve konu sosyolojik perspektifte tartışılmaktadır. Araştırma
sonucunda gençlerin dijital şiddete maruz kaldığı, dijital şiddetin uygulayıcısı olabildiği ya da dijital şiddete tanıklık ettiği görülmektedir. Gençler kullandıkları dijital teknoloji ürünleri ve internet tabanlı uygulamalar aracılığıyla
başta yakın çevresi olmak üzere mesaj yoluyla rahatsız edilmekte, tehdit ve şantaja uğramakta veya tanımadıkları kişiler tarafından tanıdığı birinin kimliğine bürünen sahte veya anonim hesaplar üzerinden özellikle sosyal medya
gibi sanal ortamlarda dijital şiddete maruz kalmaktadırlar.
Revisiting Vertical Flap Pyeloplasty in Pelviureteric Junction Obstruction: A Case Series
Authors: Karmakar Saurav , Khan Dawood , Das Asim Kumar , Chatterjee Uday Sankar , Mondal Tapan Kumar
Published: October 2023

Pelviureteric Junction Obstruction (PUJO) can cause recurrent Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs), pain, and loss of renal unit function. Surgical intervention is often required, and numerous treatment strategies have been employed. Vertical flap pyeloplasty was initially described as the technique of choice in PUJO patients with the large box-shaped extra-renal pelvis and longer segment strictures (usually >2 cm). In the present case series, 11 patients underwent vertical flap pyeloplasty for PUJO with a large extrarenal box-shaped pelvis. Demographic, perioperative, and follow-up data were recorded. Success was defined as symptomatic improvement and an improvement in early Diethylenetriamine Pentaacetate (DTPA) renogram at six months. In the present series, all 11 patients showed an improvement in Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) with an average improvement of 11.9 mL. The procedure was technically easier, less time-consuming, and produced acceptable results. Vertical flap pyeloplasty could be considered as a practical, technically easier, and effective treatment option in PUJO with a large extrarenal pelvis and long segment strictures.
Ischaemia-modified Albumin Estimation and Usefulness of Different Albumin Adjustment as a Marker to Predict Kidney Damage in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ahmad Afzal , Agarwal Ashish , Yadav Charu , Zahra Nadia AZ
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Urine Albumin Creatinine Ratio (UACR) has been the standard for detecting albuminuria in diabetes mellitus, but the presence of “non albuminuric renal impairment” has encouraged the search for novel markers. Recently, increased serum Ischaemia Modified Albumin (IMA) levels have been implicated in cases of Diabetic Nephropathy (DN). However, its estimation by conventional albumin cobalt assay is confounded by serum albumin levels. Aim: To estimate IMA and albumin-adjusted IMA levels to assess their utility in diagnosing early renal damage in diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2014 to January 2015 at Kasturba Medical College, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India. The study included 30 healthy individuals and 60 patients with diabetes mellitus, which were further divided equally into three groups based on UACR. The groups were as follows: normoalbuminuria group (UACR <30 mg/g of creatinine), microalbuminuria group, and macroalbuminuria group (UACR 30-300 and >300 mg/g of creatinine, respectively). Serum IMA levels were estimated using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), while Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine, urine albumin, and urine creatinine were measured using auto-analysers. Albumin-adjusted IMA values were measured, and correlation assays between IMA and serum albumin concentration were analysed in each group using oneway Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Pearson’s correlation. Results: In the present study, out of the 60 diabetes mellitus patients, 27 were females and 33 were males, with a mean age of 53±17 years. Among the 30 controls, 14 were females and 16 were males, with a mean age of 51±17.5 years. Serum albumin had a significant negative correlation with IMA in the microalbuminuria (r=-0.4, p<0.01) and macroalbuminuria (r=- 0.58, p<0.001) groups. A significant mean difference was found in serum IMA, albumin-adjusted IMA, IMA index, and IMA ratio between the normoalbuminuria group and the other groups. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to predict the early stage of nephropathy (albuminuria). High sensitivity and specificity were measured for IMA (97.5% and 78%, respectively) and IMA ratio (97.5% and 76%, respectively) at cut-off percentages of 99 and 24.5, respectively. Conclusion: The IMA ratio has greater diagnostic importance compared to other adjusted IMA values in discriminating diabetic patients with micro- and normoalbuminuria.
Mothers’ Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Antibiotic Use in Paediatric Dentistry: A Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Das Mainak , Saha Nupur , Debnath Dipanjan , Datta Piyali , Zahir Shabnam
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Odontogenic infections in children are commonly addressed through prescriptions that frequently include antibiotics for both preventive and therapeutic purposes. Mothers, being the primary caregivers, play a vital role in ensuring their children receive antibiotics as prescribed. Insufficient awareness among mothers regarding the prudent utilisation of antibiotics can contribute to misuse and the development of antibiotic resistance. Aim: To explore the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) of mothers regarding the use of antibiotics in children for the management of odontogenic infections in the city of Kolkata, West Bengal. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a multi-lingual, close-ended, knowledgeattitudes-practices-based offline questionnaire with 23 questions. The survey included 203 mothers with children between six months and 13 years old, attending the Outpatient Department (OPD) of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Panihati, between October 2022 and January 2023, in the city of Kolkata, India. The data collected were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: A majority of mothers, 104 (51.2%) belonged to group ≤35 in the present study. A total of 85.7% of the mothers had knowledge that antibiotics are used against bacterial infections leading to toothache or facial swelling. Approximately 44.9% of the mothers demonstrated a lack of awareness regarding the global issue of antibiotic resistance, while 89.6% of mothers believed that antibiotics should be continued until the full course of prescribed antibiotics is completed. A total of 63.1% of mothers have administered antibiotics prescribed by pharmacists or medical shopkeepers to their children. The study revealed a significant association between the educational level of mothers and their awareness regarding the issue of antibiotic resistance, as well as between the parents’ monthly income and their attitude towards the use of expensive antibiotics (p<0.05). Conclusion: The present study highlights that in the city of Kolkata, the education level of mothers significantly affects their knowledge of antibiotic use in paediatric dentistry.
Beneficial Effects of Physical Activity on Stroke: A Narrative Review
Authors: Soni Mansi , Balaganapathy M
Published: October 2023

Stroke is a major health issue in the category of non communicable diseases, placing a significant burden on developed and developing countries in terms of long-term and specialised care. In today’s era, controlling the highly prevalent non communicable diseases is a primary focus, with preventive strategies taking precedence over treatment strategies. Physical inactivity is one of the contributing factors to stroke, highlighting the immense significance of physical activity for stroke survivors. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate and understand the positive effects of physical activity in preventing and managing stroke. This narrative review aims to explore and summarise the beneficial effects of physical activity in stroke prevention and management. By narrating these benefits, we hope to encourage stroke survivors to engage in sufficient physical activity to maximise their advantages.
Sustainable Maize Crop Production in Owena Basin, Nigeria
Authors: Balogun T. A. , Samson S. A.
Published: October 2023

To improve maize production, efforts must be doubled to expand the current extent of land suitability profiling. Lingering questions hinged on whether maize is presently grown on land that supports its optimal growth and if farmers’ knowledge of their farmland suitability informs their decision to cultivate improved maize varieties. However, attaining the level of food self-subsistence largely requires optimum land use and the adoption of innovative advancement to double farmers' yields. Unfortunately, land suitability profiling and farmers’ cultivation of Improved Maize Varieties (IMV) still require more attention in the scheme of initiatives to revitalize agriculture. Previous research addressed other crops rather than maize staples and assessed areas exclusive of the current study area. This paper used Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Multicriteria Analysis (MCA) to map out land areas suitable for maize cultivation and further used frequency, counts, and parametric estimator to data from 466 maize farmers to profile farmers who cultivated IMV, examine the effect of cultivating IMV and its determinants. Results showed the suitability of AHP for land evaluation, revealing the highly, moderately, marginally, and least suitable areas of land for maize cultivation occupying 5.09%, 56.53%, 37.47%, and 0.89% of the total land. The result also divulges the dominance of old respondents where the age of farmers who did not cultivate IMV ranged between 50 and 61 years while the age of respondents who cultivated IMV ranged between 52 and 72 years. A small-scale production pattern was observed as the area of land under cultivation varied between 1.9 and 2.67 acres for respondents who grew IMV and those who did not. The Potential Outcome mean (POmean) estimation for respondents who did not grow IMV was 8127.70kg and 11695.8 kg for respondents who cultivated IMV, and the size of land cultivated and access to extension services significantly (at P>|z|=0.000) contributed to the likelihood of farmers growing IMV. The study highlights the importance of harnessing the comparative advantage of land by cultivating the crop it best supports suggesting the need to embrace IMV cultivation and practices including but not limited to the cultivation of legumes to help maintain the soil integrity and further advocate for improved communication between farmers and agricultural services developers.
Dose-Response Relationship and Histo-morphological Alterations on Oreochromis niloticus Juveniles Following Exposure to Ethanolic Extract of Latana camara
Authors: George U. U. , Otoh A. J. , Ajayi O. O. , George I. E.
Published: October 2023

Aim: This research intends to evaluate the toxicity of latana camara and ascertain if it can be useful as a plant-based additive in the formulation of fish feed.

Study Design: The study was conducted using two replicate (Batch A and B) for 96 hours under controlled laboratory conditions. Five concentrations ranging from 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/l were prepared from the ethanolic extract (EE) of L. camara for the toxicity test.

Place and Duration of Study: Experiment was conducted in Akwa Ibom State University, Obio Akpa Campus, Akwa Ibom State between February, 2023 and June, 2023.

Methodology: Total of two hundred (200) juveniles were collected for the studies. One hundred (100) juveniles were used during range findings test and the left over for the actual toxicity test. Prior to commencement of the toxicity test, experimental fish were allowed to acclimatize. Each of the ten (10) plastic aquaria was stocked with ten (10) O. niloticus juveniles. The prepared plant extract at varying concentration was added to each stock aquaria and allowed to stand for 96 hours for mortality examination. Gills tissues were isolated from the fish samples in each of the concentration after 96 hours for histopathological examinations.

Results: The experimental animals showed differential percentage mortalities with toxicant concentrations. The 96 hours LC50 for O. niloticus for both batches (A and B) was given at 7.346 mg/l representing a log transformed concentration of 0.866 mg/l. The different batches of O. niloticus (P = .05) had no significant difference in mortality. The results of the present study suggest that the EE of L. camara had severe impacts on the test organism resulting in mortality. The effects of L. camara on the gills of O. niloticus Juveniles showed severe impacts on the test organisms. Five samples were taken from each of the concentrations to examine the effects of the extract on the gills of O. niloticus. There were no observed changes in the gills of the control group as compared to other treatment which showed evidence of histological alterations.

Conclusion: From the findings, it is observed that extract obtained from L.  camara is toxic to aquatic life and cannot be recommended as a plant-based additive in the formulation of fish feed.
Assessment of Growth Performance of Casuarina equisetifolia Clones in Tropical Region of Jabalpur District of Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Berry Nanita , Shukla Akash
Published: October 2023

Casuarina equisetifolia L., commonly known as the Casuarina or Australian Pine, is a fast growing, evergreen tree native to the coastal regions of Southeast Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands  and can be useful in carbon sequestration and in afforestation programme in tropical forest. An experiment was laid out at Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur (M.P.) India with an aim to assess the growth performance of Casuarina equsetifolia clones namely IFGTB CH-1, IFGTB CH-2, IFGTB CH-3, IFGTB CH-4, IFGTB CH-5, IFGTB CH-6, IFGTB CH-7, IFGTB CH-9, IFGTB CH-10 in tropical region of Madhya Pradesh comes under Kaymore plateau and Satpura Hills agroclimatic zone of  the state.  The results revealed that the clone IFGTB CH-5 produced the maximum volume per m3 followed by the Clone IFGTB CH-2 and IFGTB CH-4 because of the highest survival percentage among the all clones and maximum carbon stock was found in clone IFGTB CH-5 (0.044 tonnes) followed by CH-2 (0.028 tonnes), CH- 4 (0.026) and minimum carbon stock was found in CH-1 (0.016). Thus, Clone CH-5 is recommended for this region under afforestation programmes due to its fast growth within a short period of 2 years, quick pulpwood yield and maximum carbon sequestration.
Bio-Chemical Factors Associated with Resistance to Aphid, Hyadaphis coriandari (Das) in Fennel at Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
Authors: Choudhary Renu , Deshwal H. L. , Chand Amar , Ram Bishana , Saini Ankit , Arvind
Published: October 2023

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Miller) is a significant spice crop from the Apiaceae family, often referred to as 'saunf,'. Aphid, Hyadaphis coriandari (Das) remained chief constraints in realising potential production and productivity of fennel in arid region. The biochemical characters viz., free amino acids, total soluble sugar and phenol content in different genotypes of fennel were responsible for resistance. The experiment was conducted using a randomized block design and involved ten different fennel varieties with three replications. The plot size was 2.4 x 3.0 meter and inter row and inter plant distance were 40 cm x 20 cm, respectively. The biochemical characters of varieties/entries viz., total soluble sugar, total phenols and free amino acids were estimated during peak aphid population on the crop. The free amino acids content in different varieties varied from 1.05 to 2.93 per cent. The variety RF-205 contained lowest per cent of free amino acid, harbored minimum aphid population and the RF-145 contained highest per cent of free amino acids and had highest aphid population. The RF-205 variety lowest content of TSS (0.90 mg/100g) harbored lowest aphid population (44.40 aphids/plant) and variety AF-2 contained highest 1.14 mg/100g of TSS. That shows least susceptibility against this pest. The total phenol content ranged from 2.33 to 4.55 per cent being minimum in RF-145 and maximum in variety RF-205. Total phenol (r= -0.99) were significantly negatively correlated with peak aphid population.
Economic Barriers to Success of Income Generating Activities of People with Disability: Evidence from Iringa Municipal Council, Tanzania
Authors: Sanga Ester Aloyce , Pesha John , Msomba Given
Published: October 2023

Experience in developing countries suggests that People with Disabilities (PWDs) are earning significantly less from self-employment and the share of self-employment income in the total income of their household is lower than for the people without disabilities. This study investigates the economic barriers to the success of Income Generating Activities (IGAs) of PWDs in Iringa Municipal Council, Tanzania. The study adopted a mixed method approach targeting PWDs undertaking IGAs in the study area. A sample size of 60 key respondents and 10 key informants were drawn using purposive sampling technique. Questionnaire, interview and focus group discussion methods were used to collect primary data, while documentary review was used to collect secondary data. The study found that limited access to credits due to existence of unfriendly conditions and procedure; being not trusted by financial providers; lack of entrepreneurship education due to difficulty to reach training location and lack of information; and lack of reliable market for their IGAs commodities were the economic barriers to the success of IGAs undertaken by PWDs in the study area. The study recommends some ways to improve IGAs undertaken by PWDs that include stakeholders’ innovation to allow flexibility in addressing PWDs barriers to credit accessibility, entrepreneurship education, and markets of their business commodities.
Prospecção Tecnológica de Diterpenos do Tipo Labdano e seus Derivados como Agentes Anticâncer
Authors: Souza-Ferrari Jailton de , Oliveira Wellyson Cavalcante de , Dantas Bruna Braga
Published: October 2023

Diterpenos labdanos são produtos naturais amplamente descritos na literatura científica com potencial farmacológico de interesse biomédico, como atividade anticâncer. Nesse sentido, este trabalho teve como objetivo examinar a atividade inovativa de diterpenos labdanos como agentes anticâncer. Para isso, realizou-se um levantamento dos pedidos de depósito de patentes nas bases de dados INPI, EPO, WIPO, Derwent Innovations Index e Lens Patents empregando as palavras-chave “labdane and cancer”. Os resultados revelaram 28 documentos considerados elegíveis, distribuídos entre distintas plataformas patentárias internacionais com os registros majoritariamente realizados pela China (36%), considerando o período de 1984 a 2021. Essas patentes, segundo a CIP, estão concentradas na categoria A61 (65,06%) e C07 (34,26%). Assim, pode-se inferir que existe pouca atividade inovativa para o uso de labdanos como agentes anticâncer globalmente, nenhuma atividade registrada no Brasil e uma classificação patentária majoritária para aplicações biológicas e químicas, o que sugere uma janela de oportunidade nesse campo de inovação.
O Estado da Arte de Sistemas para o Planejamento Territorial: mapeamento tecnológico como instrumento de validação e alinhamento técnico-científico
Authors: Gobbo Maximiliano Soares Lemos Araujo , Araujo Thiago de Oliveira , Salema Claudia de Oliveira Faria
Published: October 2023

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo o mapeamento tecnológico de ferramentas de planejamento territorial, de modo a validar e demonstrar o alinhamento do sistema para mapeamento dos antromas com tais instrumentos. Para tal, foram definidos três palavras-chaves que descrevessem ferramentas tecnológicas empregadas no mapeamento das superfícies terrestres e que fizessem uso de dados geoespaciais para a produção cartográfica. Nessa perspectiva, foram realizadas quatro buscas em quatro bases de patentes, utilizando-se as três palavras-chave separadamente e a combinação delas. Os resultados mostraram que há um histórico de invenções internacionais nessa área do conhecimento. Além disso, evidenciou-se que as patentes reportadas nas buscas se alinham às ferramentas de mapeamento para o planejamento territorial. Por outro lado, constatou-se que, no Brasil, não há registro de patentes que atendam à combinação dos três termos de busca. Diante do observado, foi possível evidenciar as características do sistema que demonstram seu alinhamento com os produtos de mesmo segmento, permitindo sua validação.
What Is Glaucoma?
Authors: Voelker Rebecca
Published: October 2023

This JAMA Patient Page describes the eye disease glaucoma, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.
Quantitative Tension on the Abdominal Wall in Posterior Components Separation With Transversus Abdominis Release
Authors: Miller Benjamin T. , Ellis Ryan C. , Petro Clayton C. , Krpata David M. , Prabhu Ajita S. , Beffa Lucas R. A. , Huang Li-Ching , Tu Chao , Rosen Michael J.
Published: October 2023

Importance

Posterior components separation (PCS) is a commonly used myofascial release technique in ventral hernia repairs. The contribution of each release with anterior and posterior fascial advancement has not yet been characterized in patients with ventral hernias.

Objective

To quantitatively assess the changes in tension on the anterior and posterior fascial elements of the abdominal wall during PCS to inform surgeons regarding the technical contribution of each step with those changes, which may help to guide intraoperative decision-making.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This case series enrolled patients from December 2, 2021, to August 2, 2022, and was conducted at the Cleveland Clinic Center for Abdominal Core Health. The participants included adult patients with European Hernia Society classification M1 to M5 ventral hernias undergoing abdominal wall reconstruction with PCS.

Intervention

A proprietary, sterilizable tensiometer measured the force needed to bring the fascial edge of the abdominal wall to the midline after each step of a PCS (retrorectus dissection, division of the posterior lamella of the internal oblique aponeurosis, and transversus abdominis muscle release [TAR]).

Main Outcome

The primary study outcome was the percentage change in tension on the anterior and posterior fascia associated with each step of PCS with TAR.

Results

The study included 100 patients (median [IQR] age, 60 [54-68] years; 52 [52%] male). The median (IQR) hernia width was 13.0 (10.0-15.2) cm. After complete PCS, the mean (SD) percentage changes in tension on the anterior and posterior fascia were −53.27% (0.53%) and −98.47% (0.08%), respectively. Of the total change in anterior fascial tension, retrorectus dissection was associated with a mean (SD) percentage change of −82.56% (0.68%), incision of the posterior lamella of the internal oblique with a change of −17.67% (0.41%), and TAR with no change. Of the total change in posterior fascial tension, retrorectus dissection was associated with a mean (SD) percentage change of −3.04% (2.42%), incision of the posterior lamella of the internal oblique with a change of −58.78% (0.39%), and TAR with a change of −38.17% (0.39%).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this case series, retrorectus dissection but not TAR was associated with reduced tension on the anterior fascia, suggesting that it should be performed if anterior fascial advancement is needed. Dividing the posterior lamella of the internal oblique aponeurosis and TAR was associated with reduced tension on the posterior fascia, suggesting that it should be performed for posterior fascial advancement.
Application of deep metric learning in the verification process of wheel design similarity: Hyundai motor company case
Authors: Kang Kyung Pyo , Jung Ga Hyeon , Eom Jung Hoon , Kwon Soon Beom , Park Jae Hong
Published: October 2023

The global automobile market experiences quick changes in design preferences. In response to the demand shifts, manufacturers now try to apply new technologies to bring a novel design to market faster. In this paper, we introduce a novel AI application that performs a similarity verification task of wheel designs that aims to solve the real‐world problem. Through the deep metric learning approach, we empirically prove that the cross‐entropy loss does similar tasks as the pairwise losses do in the embedding space. On Jan 2022, we successfully transitioned the verification system to the wheel design process of Hyundai Motor Company's design team and shortened the verification time by 90% to a maximum of 10 min. With a few clicks, the designers at Hyundai Motor could take advantage of our verification system.
A clinical database to assess action levels and tolerances for the ongoing use of Mobius3D
Authors: Jolly David , Dunn Leon , Kenny John
Published: October 2023

In radiation therapy, calculation of dose within the patient contains inherent uncertainties, inaccuracies, limitations, and the potential for random error. Thus, point dose‐independent verification of such calculations is a well‐established process, with published data to support the setting of both action levels and tolerances. Mobius3D takes this process one step further with a full independent calculation of patient dose and comparisons of clinical parameters such as mean target dose and voxel‐by‐voxel gamma analysis. There is currently no published data to directly inform tolerance levels for such parameters, and therefore this work presents a database of 1000 Mobius3D results to fill this gap. The data are tested for normality using a normal probability plot and found to fit this distribution for three sub groups of data; Eclipse, iPlan and the treatment site Lung. The mean (μ) and standard deviation (σ) of these sub groups is used to set action levels and tolerances at μ ± 2σ and μ ± 3σ, respectively. A global (3%, 3 mm) gamma tolerance is set at 88.5%. The mean target dose tolerance for Eclipse data is the narrowest at ± 3%, whilst iPlan and Lung have a range of −5.0 to 2.2% and −1.8 to 5.0%, respectively. With these limits in place, future results failing the action level or tolerance will fall within the worst 5% and 1% of historical results and an informed decision can be made regarding remedial action prior to treatment.
Development of a deep inspiration breath‐hold system for radiotherapy utilizing a laser distance measurer
Authors: Jensen Christer Andre , Skottner Nils , Frengen Jomar , Lund Jo‐Åsmund
Published: October 2023

Deep inspiration breath‐hold (DIBH) is a technique for treating left‐sided breast cancer (LSBC). In modern radiotherapy, one of the main aims is to exclude the heart from the beam aperture with an individualized beam design for LSBC. A deep inhalation will raise the chest wall while the volume of the lungs increase, this will again push the heart away from the breast to be treated. There are a few commercial DIBH systems, both invasive and noninvasive. We present an alternative noninvasive DIBH system based upon an industrial laser distance measurer. This system can be installed in a treatment room at a low cost; it is very easy to use and requires limited amount of training for the personnel and the patient. The system is capable of measuring the position of the chest wall with high frequency and precision in real time. The patient views its breathing curve through video glasses, and gets instructions during the treatment session. The system is well tolerated by test subjects due to its noninvasiveness.
Validation of a modern second‐check dosimetry system using a novel verification phantom
Authors: McDonald Daniel G. , Jacqmin Dustin J. , Mart Christopher J. , Koch Nicholas C. , Peng Jean L. , Ashenafi Michael S. , Fugal Mario A. , Vanek Kenneth N.
Published: October 2023

Purpose

To evaluate the Mobius second‐check dosimetry system by comparing it to ionization‐chamber dose measurements collected in the recently released Mobius Verification Phantom™ (MVP). For reference, a comparison of these measurements to dose calculated in the primary treatment planning system (TPS), Varian Eclipse with the AcurosXB dose algorithm, is also provided. Finally, patient dose calculated in Mobius is compared directly to Eclipse to demonstrate typical expected results during clinical use of the Mobius system.

Methods

Seventeen anonymized intensity‐modulated clinical treatment plans were selected for analysis. Dose was recalculated on the MVP in both Eclipse and Mobius. These calculated doses were compared to doses measured using an A1SL ionization‐chamber in the MVP. Dose was measured and analyzed at two different chamber positions for each treatment plan. Mobius calculated dose was then compared directly to Eclipse using the following metrics; target mean dose, target D95%, global 3D gamma pass rate, and target gamma pass rate. Finally, these same metrics were used to analyze the first 36 intensity modulated cases, following clinical implementation of the Mobius system.

Results

The average difference between Mobius and measurement was 0.3 ± 1.3%. Differences ranged from −3.3 to + 2.2%. The average difference between Eclipse and measurement was −1.2 ± 0.7%. Eclipse vs. measurement differences ranged from −3.0 to −0.1%. For the 17 anonymized pre‐clinical cases, the average target mean dose difference between Mobius and Eclipse was 1.0 ± 1.1%. Average target D95% difference was ‐0.9 ± 2.0%. Average global gamma pass rate, using a criteria of 3%, 2 mm, was 94.4 ± 3.3%, and average gamma pass rate for the target volume only was 80.2 ± 12.3%. Results of the first 36 intensity‐modulated cases, post‐clinical implementation of Mobius, were similar to those seen for the 17 pre‐clinical test cases.

Conclusion

Mobius correctly calculated dose for each tested intensity modulated treatment plan, agreeing with measurement to within 3.5% for all cases analyzed. The dose calculation accuracy and independence of the Mobius system is sufficient to provide a rigorous second‐check of a modern TPS.
Capturing Vector Light Field on Azo Molecular Glass Submicron Pillar Array for Polarization Recording and Creating Optical Functional Surfaces
Authors: Wang Zenan , Huang Hao , Hsu Chungen , Wang Xiaogong
Published: October 2023

Vector light fields possessing spatial‐variant states of polarization (SOPs) have attracted great research interest for various emerging applications. In this work, the responses of submicron pillar arrays of an azo molecular glass (IA‐Chol) to vector light fields are systematically investigated by using laser beams with different topological charges. The spatial‐variant SOPs in the illuminated areas are recorded by directional pillar deformations along the local electric field oscillation directions, and uncovered by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The degrees of pillar deformations are proven to be correlated to the intensity distributions of the vector beams in the transverse planes. The pillar deformations caused by the vector beam irradiations generate several optical effects related to the surface structures, as revealed by optical microscopy, polarizing optical microscopy, and diffraction measurements. Based on the understanding, structural colors covering a wide spectral range are created for the pillar arrays after irradiated with the vector beams. The complex images with various structural colors are produced by the irradiations with vector beams through photomasks. These investigations reveal the unique correlations between the pillar deformations and transverse polarization morphologies of vector beams and demonstrate a promising approach to fabricate optical functional surfaces.
Persistent Room‐Temperature Phosphorescent Triazole Derivatives with High Quantum Yields and Long Lifetimes
Authors: Xiao Jinsheng , Deng Junwen , Bai Yunhao , Liu Haiqi , Yu Linxuan , Wang Huiliang
Published: October 2023

Pure organic persistent room‐temperature phosphorescence (p‐RTP) materials have attracted rapidly growing attention due to their unique photophysical properties and wide potential practical applications. However, most of the reported pure organic p‐RTP materials have low quantum yields and short lifetimes, and many p‐RTP compounds contain large π‐conjugated structures, which are difficult and complex to synthesize. Herein, a series of triazole derivatives with efficient p‐RTP emissions is reported. 2H‐1,2,3‐triazole‐4,5‐dicarboxylic acid (TDAc) is first found to exhibit green RTP under 312 nm excitation. Then, a series of ionized products of TDAc and their isomers with red‐shifted RTP emissions are further obtained by ionization of TDAc. Among them, the sodium 2H‐1,2,3‐triazole‐4‐carboxy‐5‐carboxylate can emit RTP with an ultra‐long phosphorescence lifetime (3.25 s) and high photoluminescence (PL) and p‐RTP quantum yields of 31.3% and 14.2%, respectively, as well as mechanorochromic behavior. Experimental results and theoretical calculations prove that strong intra‐/intermolecular interactions including hydrogen bonding and ionic bonding promote the overlap of molecular orbitals to form effective through‐space conjugation (TSC) and greatly stabilize the conformations, thus achieving efficient p‐RTP emissions. This work provides a simple and efficient strategy for designing p‐RTP compounds with high quantum yields.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Direct Enantioselective Alkynylation of Trifluoropyruvates with Terminal 1,3‐Diynes
Authors: Jiang Hui , Zhang Chun‐Yang , Liu Jin‐Kui , Song Mao‐Ping , Gong Jun‐Fang
Published: October 2023

A direct catalytic enantioselective alkynylation reaction of trifluoropyruvates with terminal 1,3‐diynes was achieved by using C2‐symmetric NCN pincer rhodium (III) complexes with bis(imidazolinyl)phenyl ligands. This protocol is effective for enantioselective synthesis of optically active trifluoromethylated tertiary alcohols with the diyne moiety. A variety of electronically and structurally diverse terminal 1,3‐diynes are well tolerated. Furthermore, the catalytic reaction is applicable to preparation of both enantiomers of the chiral CF3‐containing conjugated diynols with high enantioselectivity.
A Novel Magnetic Responsive miR‐26a@SPIONs‐OECs for Spinal Cord Injury: Triggering Neural Regeneration Program and Orienting Axon Guidance in Inhibitory Astrocytic Environment
Authors: Gao Xue , Li Shengyou , Yang Yujie , Yang Shijie , Yu Beibei , Zhu Zhijie , Ma Teng , Zheng Yi , Wei Bin , Hao Yiming , Wu Haining , Zhang Yongfeng , Guo Lingli , Gao Xueli , Wei Yitao , Xue Borui , Li Jianzhong , Feng Xue , Lu Lei , Xia Bing , Huang Jinghui
Published: October 2023

Addressing the challenge of promoting directional axonal regeneration in a hostile astrocytic scar, which often impedes recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI), remains a daunting task. Cell transplantation is a promising strategy to facilitate nerve restoration in SCI. In this research, a pro‐regeneration system is developed, namely miR‐26a@SPIONs‐OECs, for olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), a preferred choice for promoting nerve regeneration in SCI patients. These entities show high responsiveness to external magnetic fields (MF), leading to synergistic multimodal cues to enhance nerve regeneration. First, an MF stimulates miR‐26a@SPIONs‐OECs to release extracellular vesicles (EVs) rich in miR‐26a. This encourages axon growth by inhibiting PTEN and GSK‐3β signaling pathways in neurons. Second, miR‐26a@SPIONs‐OECs exhibit a tendency to migrate and orientate along the direction of the MF, thereby potentially facilitating neuronal reconnection through directional neurite elongation. Third, miR‐26a‐enriched EVs from miR‐26a@SPIONs‐OECs can interact with host astrocytes, thereby diminishing inhibitory cues for neurite growth. In a rat model of SCI, the miR‐26a@SPIONs‐OECs system led to significantly improved morphological and motor function recovery. In summary, the miR‐26a@SPIONS‐OECs pro‐regeneration system offers innovative insights into engineering exogenous cells with multiple additional cues, augmenting their efficacy for stimulating and guiding nerve regeneration within a hostile astrocytic scar in SCI.
Fast Lithium Intercalation Mechanism on Surface‐Modified Cathodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhou Huangkai , Izumi Jun , Asano Sho , Ito Kotaro , Watanabe Kenta , Suzuki Kota , Nemoto Fumiya , Yamada Norifumi L. , Aso Kohei , Oshima Yoshifumi , Kanno Ryoji , Hirayama Masaaki
Published: October 2023

Enhancing the understanding of fast lithium intercalation on cathode surfaces modified by oxides is crucial for the development of electrode materials that offer high‐power and long‐life operation. Herein, lithium transfer is elucidated by directly observing the structural changes within the cathode, through the interface, and into the electrolyte using in situ neutron reflectometry (NR). Two films are studied—a Li2ZrO3‐modified and an unmodified LiCoO2 film—and it is found that the modified film exhibits a superior rate capability. In situ NR studies indicate that the surface modification facilitates the formation of a dense cathode–electrolyte interphase (CEI), primarily composed of inorganic species. In contrast, the unmodified surface is covered by a relatively sparse and electrolyte‐impregnated CEI. These structural observations suggest that lithium desolvation during intercalation primarily occurs on the CEI and LiCoO2 surfaces for the modified and unmodified films, respectively. Fast desolvation of lithium on the CEI may contribute to the superior rate capability of the surface‐modified cathodes. This suggests a mechanism of fast intercalation achieved by surface modification of low ionically conductive oxides. Simultaneous chemical composition and morphological information is a powerful way to elucidate the dynamics at cathode/liquid electrolyte interfaces suitable for high‐power operation.
Optimized Thermoelectric Performance and Plasticity of Ductile Semiconductor Ag2S0.5Se0.5 Via Dual‐Phase Engineering
Authors: Wu Hao , Shi Xiao‐Lei , Mao Yuanqing , Li Meng , Liu Wei‐Di , Wang De‐Zhuang , Yin Liang‐Cao , Zhu Min , Wang Yifeng , Duan Jingui , Liu Qingfeng , Chen Zhi‐Gang
Published: October 2023

Inorganic semiconductor Ag2S with excellent plasticity is highly desired in flexible and wearable thermoelectrics. However, the compromise between plasticity and thermoelectric performance limits the advances in Ag2S‐based thermoelectric materials and their devices. Here, a 0.5 mol.% Ag2Te‐alloyed Ag2S0.5Se0.5 bulk material is designed, which has a competitively high near‐room‐temperature figure of merit of ≈0.43 at 323 K and an ultra‐high bending strain of ≈32.5% without cracks. Introducing Ag2Te can optimize the carrier concentration and mobility of the Ag2S0.5Se0.5 matrix due to its metal‐like conducting features, leading to a maximum power factor of ≈6 µW cm−1 K−2. Simultaneously, Ag2Te induces Ag‐poor amorphous phase boundaries, serving as buffer layers to enhance the overall plasticity. Moreover, such amorphous phase boundaries combined with multiscale phonon scattering sources can significantly suppress the lattice thermal conductivity to ≈0.28 W m−1 K−1 at 323 K, leading to a high figure of merit. This study demonstrates an innovative route to simultaneously boost the thermoelectric performance and plasticity of ductile semiconductors.
DEM‐CFD analysis of swelling behaviors of binary particle systems with a microscopic diffusion model
Authors: Hu Jiawei , Li Wen , Zhang Ling , Tan Yuanqiang , Wu Chuan‐Yu
Published: October 2023

Swelling, that is, volumetric expansion, of particles is ubiquitous in many industrial systems containing both swellable particles and non‐swellable particles. However, the interactions between these two types of particles and the internal stress distribution within the binary particle systems are not yet fully understood. The dynamic behavior of binary mixtures with both swellable and non‐swellable particles was explored for the first time in this study by employing a microscopic diffusion swelling model that considers the change in microstructure of swelling particles implemented in the discrete element method coupled with computational fluid dynamics (DEM‐CFD). The expansion of particle bed consists of super absorbent polymers (SAPs) particles, that is, the swellable particles, and polyformaldehyde (POM) particles, that is, the non‐swellable particles, in a rectangle container is then analyzed experimentally and numerically. The results show that a tapered pattern of SAP particles and an arch pattern of POM particles are formed during the swelling process. The Lacey index is used to quantify the mixing degree of the binary particle system, which increases with time until the POM particle layer is fully encompassed by SAP particles. The mean stress distribution within the particle system is also examined, revealing that the swollen SAP particles migrate upward through a “low‐stress channel,” pushing the POM particles in the central area outward. Moreover, it is found that, for case with a relative low friction, SAP particles penetrate the POM particle layer along the container walls, while for the cases with relative high friction, SAP particles penetrate the POM particle layers through the central regions of the container.
Efficient Mediated Quantum Secret Sharing Protocol in a Restricted Quantum Environment
Authors: Tsai Chia‐Wei , Wang Chun‐Hsiang
Published: October 2023

The multiparty‐mediated quantum secret sharing (MQSS) protocol proposed by Tsai et al. [Quantum Inf. Process., 2022, 21, 63] allows n restricted users with limited quantum capabilities to share secret information using a dishonest third party with full quantum capabilities. Although the MQSS protocol allows restricted users to achieve secret sharing with lightweight quantum capabilities, the qubit efficiency of this protocol can be further improved. Therefore, this study proposes a measurement property of the graph state to design an efficient mediated quantum secret‐sharing protocol in the same quantum environment as that of Tsai et al.’s protocol. The proposed MQSS protocol not only inherits the lightweight property of Tsai et al.’s protocol but also improves the qubit efficiency of Tsai et al.’s protocol by times. Security analysis is performed to show that the proposed MQSS protocol can avoid collective, collusion, and Trojan horse attacks. Furthermore, this study uses quantum network simulation software to implement Tsai et al.’s protocol and the proposed protocol to prove the feasibility of the proposed MQSS protocol and show that it is more efficient than Tsai et al.’s protocol.
Tuning the Catalytic Activity of a Pincer Complex of Rhodium(I) by Supramolecular and Redox Stimuli
Authors: Martínez‐Vivas Sebastián , Gusev Dmitry G. , Poyatos Macarena , Peris Eduardo
Published: October 2023

We report the rhodium(I) complex [Rh(CNC−NDI)(CO)]+, in which CNC−NDI refers to a pincer‐CNC ligand decorated with a naphthalenediimide moiety. Due to the presence of the planar CNC ligand and the naphthalenediimide moiety, the electronic nature of the complex can be modulated by means of supramolecular and redox stimuli, respectively. The metal complex shows a strong π–π‐stacking interaction with coronene. This interaction has an impact on the electron‐richness of the metal, as demonstrated by the shifting of the ν(CO) stretching band to a lower frequency. The addition of tetrabutylammonium fluoride facilitates the sequential one‐ and two‐electron reduction of the NDI moiety of the ligand, thus resulting in a situation in which the ligand can increase its electron‐donor strength in two levels. The nature of the interaction with the fluoride anion was studied computationally. The catalytic activity of the [Rh(CNC−NDI)(CO)]+ complex was tested in the cycloisomerization of alkynoic acids, where it is observed that the activity of the catalyst can be modulated between four levels of activity, which correspond to i) the use of the unmodified catalyst, ii) catalyst+coronene, iii) catalyst+2 equivalents of fluoride, and iv) catalyst+5 equivalents of fluoride.
Single‐Atom Zinc Sites with Synergetic Multiple Coordination Shells for Electrochemical H2O2 Production
Authors: Wei Gangya , Li Yunxiang , Liu Xupo , Huang Jinrui , Liu Mengran , Luan Deyan , Gao Shuyan , Lou Xiong Wen (David)
Published: October 2023

Precise manipulation of the coordination environment of single‐atom catalysts (SACs), particularly the simultaneous engineering of multiple coordination shells, is crucial to maximize their catalytic performance but remains challenging. Herein, we present a general two‐step strategy to fabricate a series of hollow carbon‐based SACs featuring asymmetric Zn−N2O2 moieties simultaneously modulated with S atoms in higher coordination shells of Zn centers (n≥2; designated as Zn−N2O2−S). Systematic analyses demonstrate that the synergetic effects between the N2O2 species in the first coordination shell and the S atoms in higher coordination shells lead to robust discrete Zn sites with the optimal electronic structure for selective O2 reduction to H2O2. Remarkably, the Zn−N2O2 moiety with S atoms in the second coordination shell possesses a nearly ideal Gibbs free energy for the key OOH* intermediate, which favors the formation and desorption of OOH* on Zn sites for H2O2 generation. Consequently, the Zn−N2O2−S SAC exhibits impressive electrochemical H2O2 production performance with high selectivity of 96 %. Even at a high current density of 80 mA cm−2 in the flow cell, it shows a high H2O2 production rate of 6.924 mol gcat−1 h−1 with an average Faradaic efficiency of 93.1 %, and excellent durability over 65 h.