bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
738 – What are the Spiritual Needs of Iranian Female Adolescents: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Shahhosseini Z. , Simbar M. , Ramezankhani A.
Published: July 2013

Background & purpose:

Cultural, social and educative vulnerability is less in Iranian adolescents. This article examines the spiritual needs of Iranian female Adolescents

Material and methods:

A conventional content analysis approach was used for analyzing the participants' experiences and their perceptions. To collect data 8 focus group discussions were conducted with 67 female adolescents (12-19 years) and 11 semi-structured interviews were done with key informants based on open sampling, with the aim of maximum variation from urban and rural areas of Sari in the North of Iran. All the interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim.

Results:

Four main categories emerged from the collected data: Religious attitude, Religious practice, Religious aesthetics and Rationality in religion.

Conclusion:

Our study show that Iranian female adolescents search some of their health needs in connection to undying source of inspiration and need to explain the beautiful religious truths for them firmly and reasonably. Failure to meeting these needs could lead to irrecoverable cultural and social vulnerability to adolescents.
740 – All About ‘U’: Associations between Prenatal Depression, and Foetal and Infant Stress Responses in the Developing World
Authors: Fernandes M.C. , Stein A. , Srinivasan K. , Menezes G. , Ramchandani P.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Prenatal maternal depression predicts disturbances in stress responses and an increased risk of psychopathology in offspring. However the foetal origins of these programming influences on the offspring's stress response mechanism are unclear. Furthermore, there are no inquiries into this issue from the developing world, where high rates of prenatal depression (25-45%) are reported.

Aim:

To explore associations between prenatal depression and, foetal and infant responsivity, in a sample from rural South India.

Methods:

67 pregnant women in their third trimester with high prenatal depression scores and 66 controls were assessed for their foetus’ responsivity to repeated vibroacoustic stimulation by measuring foetal heart rate responses. At 1.5-3 months postbirth, infant cortisol responses to immunisation and infant temperament were measured.

Results:

A curvilinear relationship existed between prenatal depression and foetal responsivity to a potential stressor (R2=0.98, p=0.02). Foetuses of mothers with both very high and very low levels of depression showed elevated responses compared to the foetuses of mothers with moderate levels of depression.

Prenatal depression predicted elevated infant cortisol responsivity independent of postnatal depression and other confounders (B=13.08, p=0.02). Quintile analysis revealed this relationship to be U shaped (R2=0.20, p=0.02), similar to the relationship between prenatal depression and foetal responsivity.

There were no associations between prenatal depression and difficult infant temperament.

Conclusions:

The findings provide the first evidence of a curvilinear relationship between prenatal depression and offspring stress responsivity from the developing world suggesting that intra-uterine exposure to moderate stress levels may be beneficial in the context of socio-economic disadvantage.
743 – The Role of Antipsychotics in the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Tiugan A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Anxiety disorders appear following disturbances in the transmission of serotonine and noradrenaline caused by the dysfunction in the hypothalamic-pituitary-corticalsuprarenal axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. Our objective was to highlight the advantages of associating atypical antipsychotic substances (AAS) in small doses with the usual anxiolytic treatment (benzodiazepines, SSRI antidepressants, dual antidepressants etc).

Material and method:

In a study performed on 40 patients with diagnosis of generalised anxiety disorder (DSM-IV-TR) an anxiolytic treatment of SSRI antidepressants (Sertralinum 150mg/day) was administered to 20 patients, while SSRI antidepressant (Sertralinum 150mg/day) associated with an atypical antipsychotic substance (Quetiapinum 50mg/day) was administered to the other 20 patients during 6 months. The patients were monitored for another 12 months after conclusion of treatment.

Results:

Anxiety symptomatology remitted in both groups of patients in a sensibly equal period In the group were AAS were not administered, 10% of the patients presented an exacerbation of anxious symptomatology after 4 months of treatment. During the post-therapeutic monitoring period, the anxious symptomatology reappeared in 25% of the patients treated only with SSRI antidepressants, after 4 months, while relapse was found in only 5% of patients from the group treated also with AAS.

Conclusions:

The association of small doses of atypical antipsychotic substances in the usual anxiolytic treatment with SSRI antidepressants leads to rapid remission of anxious symptomatology during treatment.

The use of atypical antipsychotic substance in the treatment of anxiety disorders prevents relapses on medium and long term.
757 – Individual Items Scores vs. Total Scores of the Schizophrenia Syndrome on Purpose of the Relationships with the Total Antioxidant Capacity
Authors: Diaz Mesa E. , Morera Fumero A. , Abreu Gonzalez P. , Henry Benitez M. , Fernandez Lopez L. , Yelmo Cruz S. , Delgado Garcia P. , Gracia Marco R.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Relationships between total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and psychopathology in schizophrenia is controversial. Different methodological approaches may be a bias factor.

Objective:

The aim of this research is to analyze the relationship between psychopathology as individual items and psychopathology as syndromes with the serum TAC concentration in schizophrenic patients.

Methods:

20 DSM-IV paranoid schizophrenic outpatients were recruited from the psychiatric outpatient's clinic of the University Hospital of the Canary Islands. the severity of schizophrenia symptoms was measured with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Blood samples were collected at 12:00 and 00:00 hours. Relationships between quantitative variables were assessed with the Pearson's correlation coefficient.

Results:

There was a significant correlation between the PANSS positive subscale and the nocturnal TAC levels (r=0.527, p< 0.02). the PANSS negative subscale was not correlated with TAC concentrations. Item by item scores of the positive and negative PANSS correlations with nocturnal and diurnal TAC levels revealed that only item 6 (suspicion) of the positive PANSS subscale was significantly correlated with the nocturnal TAC concentrations (r=0,491, p< 0.03). Only item 3 (poor contact) of the negative PANSS subscale was also significantly correlated with the nocturnal TAC concentrations (r=0,516, p< 0.02).

Conclusions:

We strongly recommend analyzing not only global scores of psychopathology but individual items scores when researching on biological markers in schizophrenia.

Acknowledgement:

This study was partly supported by a grant (PI: 08/115) of the Fundacion Canaria de Investigacion y Salud (FUNCIS).

Disclosure statement:

None of the authors have conflict of interest to disclose.
804 – Contributing Factors of Workplace Violence among Nurses at Psychiatric and Non Psychiatric Wards
Authors: Mahmoudi A.
Published: July 2013

Objective:

To explore the situation, contributing factors and management of workplace violence among nurses in the health sector the Isfahan, Iran.

Research design and methods:

A total of 250 nurses were assessed from all the health care services available in Isfahan. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. Nurses were asked a series of questions about their personal experience of workplace violence in addition to their views and perceptions of violence in the workplace more generally. This can include verbal aggression or abuse, threat or harassment as well as physical violence.

Results:

Violence is a problem in the workplace for almost half of nurses. Among hospital nurses, those working in Psychiatry, Drug abuse and Screening units are more likely to report violence as a problem in their workplace. the majority of Nurses experienced form of verbal abuse and a third of them reported physical violence or abuse. Females, younger nurses, working in night shifts, having physical contacts with patients, working in crowded units and poor working experience nurses were more likely to experience violence.

Dissatisfaction of service provided and with diagnosis or planned treatment was the most frequently stated reason for work place violence. Psychological backgrounds, inability to pay for hospital bill, low social security conditions were the indirect factors.

Conclusions:

Improved training, better security measures, including provision of a safe environment to treat known or potentially violent patients, prevention programs, and health services for both nurses and patients should be provided.
805 – Violence in Clinical Psychiatry
Authors: Motamedi B.
Published: July 2013

Objective:

To determine the frequency and types of aggressive and violent behaviors in acute psychiatric inpatient settings and potential interactions between staffing and patient mix and rates of the behaviors were explored.

Methods:

Data on violent incidents were gathered prospectively in two acute psychiatric units in two general hospitals and two units in a psychiatric hospital in Isfahan, Iran. Staff recorded violent and aggressive incidents by using Morrison's hierarchy of aggressive and violent behavior. the classification ranged from level 1, inflicted serious harm to self or others requiring medical care, to level 8, exhibited low-grade hostility. They also completed weekly reports of staffing levels and patient mix.

Results:

A total of 400 violent incidents were recorded over a three-month period. Based on the scale, more than 50 percent of the incidents were serious. Seventy-eight percent were directed toward nursing staff. Complex relationships between staffing, patient mix, and violence were found. Relative risk increased with more nursing staff (of either sex), more non nursing staff on planned leave, more patients known to instigate violence, a greater number of disoriented patients, more patients detained compulsorily, and more use of seclusion. the relative risk decreased with more young staff (under 30 years old), more nursing staff with unplanned absenteeism, more admissions, and more patients with substance abuse or physical illness.

Conclusions:

Violent incidents within psychiatric facilities were frequent and serious, with great significance for occupational health. Some clues were found in the prediction of violence.
810 – Zolpidem-induced Galactorrhea Via Gabaergic Inhibition of Dopamine: a Case Report
Authors: De Jesus D. , Alao A.
Published: July 2013

Objective:

To discuss a case of zolpidem-induced galactorrhea.

Introduction:

The prevalence of insomnia can be as high as 32 to 33%. Non-benzodiazepines (such as zolpidem) have become more commonly used to treat insomnia.

Case report:

The patient is a 29-year-old woman with a history of (PTSD) who presented with PTSD associated insomnia. She was started on zolpidem 5 mg po qhs. Two months after the initiation of zolpidem treatment, the patient presented with breast tenderness and galactorrhea. Zolpidem was discontinued and the galactorrhea resolved after two weeks. A serum prolactin level drawn shortly after discontinuation of zolpidem was 15.67 mg/ml.

Discussion:

Zolpidem has a high affinity at the α1 containing GABAA receptors, with reduced affinity for those containing the α2- and α3- GABAA receptor subunits and minimal affinity for α5 receptor subunit. Psychotropic drugs have been well recognized to produce hyperprolactinemia. However, there has been no reported case of zolpidem-induced hyperprolactinemia. Specifically, zolpidem has been noted to activate GABAergic neurons within the ventral tegmental area (VTA), where there is a sizable population of GABAergic neurons. These GABAergic neurons regulate the firing of dopaminergic counterparts, also located in the VTA, which send projections throughout the brain. This inhibition results in a decrease in the dopaminergic inhibitory influence on prolactin and an increase in prolactin releasing factors which act on the anterior pituitary, leading to hyperprolactinemia and thus galactorrhea.

Conclusion:

Pharmacologically induced hyperprolactinemia may be a problem of underestimated prevalence due to the lack of externally visible symptoms.
826 – An Incidence Study of Diagnosed Autism-spectrum Disorders among Immigrants to the Netherlands
Authors: van der Ven E. , Termorshuizen F. , Laan W. , Breetvelt E. , van Os J. , Selten J.-P.
Published: July 2013

Objective:

To estimate the risk of developing autism-spectrum disorder (ASD) in children born to immigrants as compared to children of Dutch-born parents.

Method:

Retrospective, population-based cohort study of all live births (N= 106,953) between 1998 and 2007 in a circumscribed geographical region in the Netherlands. Cohort members were linked to the Psychiatric Case Register to identify diagnosed cases.

Results:

518 cases of ASD were identified, including 150 children with autism and 368 children with Asperger syndrome or PDD-NOS. Children born to migrants from developing countries were at significantly lower risk of ASD (rate ratio (RR)= 0.6, 95% (CI) 0.5-0.9) than children of Dutch-born parents. Within the ASD group, the risk for the subgroup with Asperger syndrome and PDD-NOS was reduced (RR= 0.4, 95% CI 0.3-0.6), whereas that for narrowly defined autism was nonsignificantly increased (RR= 1.4, 95% CI 0.9-2.4). Migrant groups did not differ in age at diagnosis.

Conclusion:

The results echo Swedish findings indicating a reversal of risk gradient in children of parents from developing countries, specifically a decreased risk for high-functioning and increased risk for low-functioning autism.
829 – Domestic Violence and Mental Disorders
Authors: Howard L. , Oram S. , Trevillion K. , Feder G.
Published: July 2013

Background:

There is little known about the extent to which men and women with mental disorders are at increased risk of being a victim of domestic violence. We therefore aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk of domestic violence victimisation among men and women with depressive and anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, eating disorders, psychotic disorders, and among psychiatric service users.

Methods:

We searched 18 biomedical and social sciences databases (including MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO) and supplemented the search by hand searching of key journals and reference lists of included articles, citation tracking, expert recommendations, and updating a systematic review on victimisation among people with mental disorders. We included cross sectional, cohort and experimental studies that reported on the prevalence and/or risk of adulthood domestic violence victimisation among people meeting either ICD or DSM diagnostic criteria for a mental disorder. Two reviewers independently extracted data and appraised study quality. Random effects meta-analysis was used to pool data where possible.

Findings:

High quality papers reported a median prevalence of adult lifetime domestic violence in mental health service users of 30% (IQR 26% - 39%) in female inpatients and 33% (IQR 31%-53%) in female outpatients. There was an increased risk of experiencing domestic violence in all diagnostic groups and in men and women but there were few high quality studies for men.

Interpretation:

Mental disorder is associated with a high prevalence and increased risk of being a victim of domestic violence in both men and women.
832 – Predictors of Outcome of Complex In-patient Therapeutic Program for Pharmacoresitant Obsessive Compulsive Patients
Authors: Cerna M. , Prasko J. , Grambal A. , Jelenova D. , Kamaradova D. , Latalova K. , Ociskova M. , Sedlackova Z.
Published: July 2013

The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of the in-patients therapeutic program for in patients suffering with pharmacoresistant OCD patients. the therapy was conducted in a group setting and systematic CBT steps were adapted to each individual patient in the group. Pharmacological treatment underwent no or minimal changes during the trial period. Outcome measures included the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, subjective version (S-Y-BOCS), the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness scale (CGI-S), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Dissociative Experience Scale (DES). the primary outcome measure for treatment response was a rating of 35% improvement in Y-BOCS. A remission was defined by S-Y-BOCS score 12 and lower or by CGI-S scores 1 or 2.

Results:

66 patients completed trial. Three patients refused the protocol. All patients finished minimum of 6 weeks of CBT and showed statistically significant improvement on S-Y-BOCS, CGI-S and BDI scales. the main predictors of achieving the response or remission were scores in S-Y-BOCS lower than 24, good insight, high resistance against symptoms, low level of dissociation, and aggressive character of obsessions. the negative predictors of achieving the response or remission were control/symmetry obsession and compulsions, and obsessive slowness/ambivalence.

Supported by:

IGA MZ CR NT 11047-4/2010
834 – Fighting Stigma of Psychiatric Disorders in Czech Republic
Authors: Ociskova M. , Prasko J. , Cerna M. , Grambal A. , Jelenova D. , Kamaradova D. , Latalova K. , Sedlackova Z.
Published: July 2013

The most stigmatized patients are those suffering from schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and highly affected are also patients with personality disorders, eating disorders, anxiety and OCD. There can also be a stigma in the psychiatric treatments. Psychopharmacs can be labelled as toxins that alter the psyche or body, psychotherapy as a brainwashing. Stigma of mental disorder is connected with a lack of knowledge about psychiatric disorder, fear, prejudice and discrimination of the patients.

Czech mass media significantly contribute to the stigmatization of patients with mental disorder.

There are already some programs with destigmatization message in the Czech Republic. These programs are in charge of organizations focused on patients with mental disorders, as well as individual professionals or even nonspecialists. the Czech psychiatric association declared the National Psychiatric Program. This program aims to improve the quality of psychiatric care with emphasis on the humane condition of the care and destigmatization. There are also several articles and TV relations describing the psychiatric patients non-stigmatization way published in local newspapers and magazines every year wrote by leading experts in psychiatry. Directly to the patients and their families there were published more than 45 books and about 40 booklets with most often psychiatric problems. Many patients found the information and stories helpful and were more comfortable seeking the treatment.

Supported by:

IGA MZ CR NT 11047-4/2010
848 – Assessment Of Spirituality Among Opiates Addicts During Detoxification And During Rehabilitation Program With Open Group Therapy
Authors: Rady A. , Salama H. , Molokhia T. , El-Nahas M.
Published: July 2013

Background

There's an increasing professional and popular interest in relation of spirituality and general health. Although mental health professionals have traditionally avoided concerns, evidence has been accumulating that people with mental illness attach significance to spiritual beliefs. In contrast, around 60% of psychiatrists report minimal interest in spiritual matters. Some authors found spiritual well being as an active relation with a higher power to be positively correlated to good mental health.

Method

Cross sectional comparative study design, 60 patients during detoxification and 20 patients in rehabilitation program with open group psychotherapy after detoxification, demographic data were collected and participants were subjected to spirituality subscale from substance misuse program philosophy questionnaire Arabic version.

Results

Response to the 6 questions of the spirituality subscale used to assess level of spirituality didn’t show difference among the three groups, those during detoxification, those less than 3 months abstinence and those more than 3 months abstinence in rehabilitation program with open group psychotherapy.

Conclusion

Spirituality is persistently high through out detoxification and residential rehabilitation program. Spiritually inspired psychological intervention may be of help during the whole course of management of opiates addicts.
850 – Panic Disorder With And Without Personality Disorders-therapeutic Outcome Of Pharmacoresistant In-patients
Authors: Kamaradova D. , Prasko J. , Grambal A. , Diveky T. , Jelenova D. , Latalova K. , Cerna M. , Ociskova M. , Sigmundova Z.
Published: July 2013

Most clinicians tend to believe that the occurrence of the anxiety disorder in tandem with a personality disorder often leads to longer treatment, worsens the prognosis, and thus increasing treatment costs. The study is designed to compare the shortterm effectiveness of combination of cognitive behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy in patient suffering with panic disorder with and without personality disorder.

Method

We compared the efficacy of 6 week therapeutic program in pharmacoresistant patients suffering with panic disorder and comorbid personality disorder (19 patients) and panic disorder and/or agoraphobia without comorbid personality disorder (43 patients). Patients were treated with CBT and psychopharmacs. They were regularly assessed every week on the CGI, BAI, BDI. Before and after treatment were used also Sheehan anxiety scale, Dissociative experience scale, Quality of Life.

Results

A combination of CBT and pharmacotherapy proved to be the effective treatment of patients suffering with panic disorder and/or agoraphobia with or without comorbid personality disorder. The treatment effect between groups did not differ in rating scales, but there are more remitted patients in group without personality disorder.

Supported by: Project IGA MZ ČR NS 10301-3/2009
857 – Findings From An Online Drug Monitoring And Safety Registry For Children Prescribed Antipsychotics
Authors: Wegner S.E. , Trygstad T. , Wegner L.M. , Christian R. , Farley J.F. , McKee J. , Pfeiffenberger T. , Stiles A.D. , Moran K. , Sheitman B.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

There is widespread concern over the perceived indiscriminant prescribing of antipsychotic medications in children, particularly for those residing in low-income households or foster care. Ongoing safety and efficacy monitoring is suggested by many professional associations.

Objectives

Describe reported diagnosis and symptomology for over 15,000 children prescribed antipsychotics in the 17- month period from April 2011 through August 2012.

Aims

Increase appropriate monitoring of children who are prescribed antipsychotics.

Methods

A policy was developed by the North Carolina Division of Medical Assistance, in collaboration with Community Care of North Carolina, that requires prescribers to register patients via a web portal before reimbursement is allowed to the pharmacy. Required registration elements include a patient's primary diagnosis, target symptom for medication use, initiating prescriber, caregiver support of medication use, adverse drug event reporting, and metabolic monitoring deemed best practice by the literature review.

Results

From April of 2011 through August 2012, a total of 1,241 prescribers have written 29,691 prescriptions for 15,194 patients in the A+KIDS program. Unspecified Mood Disorder was the first most common representing 22%.of patients. Bipolar Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and ADHD, followed at 14%, 12%, and 12% respectively. “Aggression towards others,” “Irritability” and “Tantrums/temper” were the most common target symptoms (representing 63.6% of patients).
859 – Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation During Sleep In Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Göder R. , Beith B. , Becker C. , Seeck-Hirschner M. , Marshall L.
Published: July 2013

Schizophrenia is a devastating mental disorder with diverse dimensions of symptoms like delusions, hallucinations, affective symptoms and alterations in cognition. Declarative memory deficits are among the most important factors leading to poor functional outcomes in this disorder. Recently it was supposed, that sleep disturbances in patients with schizophrenia might contribute to these memory impairments (Manoach et al. 2009, Ferrarelli et al. 2010, Lu and Göder 2012). In young healthy subjects it was shown that declarative memory consolidation was enhanced by inducing slow oscillation-like potential fields during sleep (Marshall et al. 2006). In the present study transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was applied to 14 patients with schizophrenia on stable medication with a mean age of 33 years. The main effects of tDCS in comparison to sham stimulation were: An enhancement in declarative memory retention and an increase in mood after sleep. In conclusion, so-tDCS offers an interesting approach for studying the relationship of sleep and memory in psychiatric disorders and could possibly improve disturbed memory processing in patients with schizophrenia.
862 – Psychotherapy For Girls With Anxiety Disorders: a Culturally Sensitive Approach
Authors: Trangkasombat U.
Published: July 2013

Background:

Anxiety disorders are common in children. Much of anxiety in children is embedded in the parent- child relationship. In Asian countries many cultural practices can lead to insecure attachment and severe stress in children, especially in girls. Appropriate psychotherapeutic intervention must be sensitive to cultural influences.

Objective:

To report clinical symptoms, individual and family dynamics, important points in psychotherapy for a girl with an anxiety disorder.

Method:

A Thai-Chinese 9 year- old girl presented with obsessions about her mother dying and herself killing her mother. She also had hallucinations which she described as “voices telling me to kill my mother”. She was diagnosed as having OCD with psychotic features. The patient was the first twin and was described as a ‘moody’ and ‘not so smart’, while her twin brother, the only male grandchild of the family, was described as ‘pleasant’ and ‘clever’.

Result:

Family assessment revealed cultural practices that led to severe frustration and anxiety in this girl. The main factor was the practice of son preference. This, together with severe punishment, led to insecure attachment, feelings of rejection, anger, guilt and shame. Family therapy and behavior management were the main psychotherapeutic interventions in the early phase. CBT was initiated in the later phase. Interesting points in treatment and the VDO tape of psychotherapy sessions will be presented.

Conclusion:

The case vignette illustrated the role culture plays in initiating severe anxiety in girls. Understanding such a role will enable therapists to treat anxiety in girls more effectively.
863 – Vortioxetine, An Investigational Antidepressant: Implications Of Its Multimodal Mechanism Of Action In Preclinical Models Of Depression And Cognitive Function
Authors: Sanchez C.
Published: July 2013

Background

Vortioxetine is a 5-HT3, 5-HT7 and 5-HT1D receptor antagonist, 5-HT1B receptor partial agonist, 5-HT1A receptor agonist and inhibitor of the 5-HT transporter (SERT).

Objectives

To study the in vitro properties of vortioxetine at rat and human targets and relate them to rat brain target occupancies and effects in rat models assessing antidepressant activity and cognitive function.

Methods

The in vitro properties were assessed using radioligand binding and cell-based functional assays, brain target occupancies were studied using ex vivo autoradiography, antidepressant activity was studied in conventional behavioural models and in a progesterone withdrawal model, and effects on cognitive function were assessed by quantitative EEG [qEEG] and after 5-HT depletion in recognition and spatial memory tasks.

Results

Vortioxetine was more potent at human than rat 5-HT1A and 5-HT7 receptors and the SERT, whereas the opposite was found for 5-HT1D and 5-HT3 receptors. The rat in vitro and ex vivo potency rank orders were aligned. Vortioxetine showed antidepressant activity in conventional models and the fluoxetine-insensitive progesterone withdrawal model. qEEG analyses demonstrated increases across power bands with vortioxetine, but not duloxetine or escitalopram. Vortioxetine restored memory deficits induced by low 5-HT, whereas duloxetine and escitalopram had no effect.

Conclusions

1.

Species comparisons of target activities and inclusion of target occupancy measures in animal studies supports thetranslation from preclinical to clinical settings.

2.

Vortioxetine exerts antidepressant and memory-enhancing effects in rats via mechanisms beyond that of SERT inhibition.
870 – The Prevalence Of Personality Disorders In Psychiatric Outpatients With An Intellectual Disability
Authors: Wieland J. , Wardenaar K. , Van den Brink A. , Zitman F.G.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

The diagnosis of personality disorder (PD) in individuals with an intellectual disability (ID) is clinically relevant, but there is little research on the subject. Because the impact of PD on both patients and carers is substantial, it is important to increase the understanding of how ID and PD co-occur.

Objectives

The aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence of all axis II DSM-IV-TR PD diagnoses in a well- defined sample of ID out-patients in two specialized secondary care ou-patient treatment centers, in the Netherlands. Special attention was paid to borderline ID (70≤Total IQ < 85), prevalence of co-morbid axis I disorders and associations of PD with several demographic variables.

Methods

The present study was a cross-sectional medical chart review. On January first, 2011, 599 patients were registered at the two centers. Diagnostic information was available for 576 patients. Diagnoses were based on Došen's integrative approach and formulated according to the DM-ID.

Results

194 patients (33.7%) were diagnosed with a PD. PD NOS (19.1%) was most common, followed by borderline PD (8.7%). Patients with borderline ID were most likely to be diagnosed with a PD (43.7%). 85.1% of patients diagnosed with a PD had at least 1 co-morbid axis I diagnosis. PTSD was the most common co-morbid disorder (23.7%).

Conclusion

Diagnosed according to strict criteria, PDs often occur in ID out-patients, mostly together with axis I disorders. Importantly, PDs and PTSD often co-occur in this group, indicating special care needs and signifying an interesting direction for further research.
880 – Mutual Interaction Of Personality And Sexuality: a New Model For The Treatment Of Sexual Dysfunctions
Authors: Pirkalani K.K. , Talaee Rad Z.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Personality, also designed as one's identity gives color to the notions, beliefs, social activities, self image … We wondered how personality could affect sexual life and functioning in a systematic way.

Objectives

Many sexual dysfunctions, either primary or acquired are rooted in deep personality related beliefs and cannot be treated easily.

Aims

To find newer ways of treating more profound psychopathology in patients with sexual dysfunction by adding personality guided therapy into the sex therapy sessions.

Methods

Fifty four patients with sexual dysfunction were evaluated by Millon's clinical Multiaxial inventory III in addition to Questionnaire on Sexual attitude and function 2009. Half the patients received only sex therapy and if needed drug therapy while the other half received additionally intensive (twice weekly) personality guided therapy which included supportive psychotherapy, cognitive therapy and behavior therapy based on the personality category diagnosed at the beginning. After 12 weeks, both groups were evaluated with the same tools in addition to a clinical interview.

Results

The latter group fared significantly (p< 0.03) better in regard to both personality and sexuality scales. A reduction of anxiety, depression, alcoholism and drug abuse scales was also encountered. Patients in the latter group explained themselves less disturbed, less ashamed and more ambitious to solve their problems as exemplified by the clinical interview.

Conclusions

Personality is a more and possibly the sole prominent risk factor of sexual dysfunction in the majority of patients and inclusion of treatment in this regard is extremely effective and with faster response.
904 – Prevalence And Co Morbidity Of Adult Adhd In Psychiatric Outpatient Admissions
Authors: Duran Ş. , Fistikci N. , Keyvan A. , Bilici M.
Published: July 2013

Aim

In the present study, the prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adult psychiatric outpatients was investigated. Moreover, co morbid psychiatric diagnoses in adults with ADHD were determined. Patients with and without co morbid ADHD were compared regarding axis I-II co morbidity and socio-demographic characteristics.

Method

The current study included 246 patients admitted for the first time to Numune Hospital psychiatric outpatient clinic in a four months period where they were evaluated for adult ADHD. Diagnosis of ADHD was made by evaluating symptoms of childhood via WURS scale, Turgay's adult ADD / ADHD evaluation scale. For the exact diagnosis DSM-IV criteria were applied to the patients who exceeded the cut of points of both above-mentioned scales. To assess the presence of psychiatric co morbidity a structured clinical interview (SCID-I and II) were applied. Socio demographic characteristics of patients were determined with a semi-structured form. In addition, to grade general psychopathology, Symptom Check List (SCL-90-R), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were given.

Results

Prevalence of ADHD in adult psychiatric clinic was 15.9%. Adults with ADHD usually referred due to co morbid psychiatric problems. It was determined that they had deficits in education and social functions. Substance abuse and suicide were among the most prevalent psychiatric problems.

Conclusion

ADHD was common in adult psychiatric outpatients and axis I-II co morbidity was highly prevalent among these patients.
910 – Schizophrenia And Violence At Home
Authors: Nascimento Osorio M.T. , Sabate Gomez A. , Corcoles Martinez D. , Gines Miranda J.M. , Gomez Perez L. , Bellsola Gonzalez M. , Gonzalez Fresnedo A.M. , Martin Lopez L.M. , Bulbena Vilarassa A. , Gasque Llopis S. , Castillo Magaña S.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

There is good evidence from epidemiological studies that the diagnosis of schizophrenia is associated with an increased risk of violence.Some studies have linked the presence of positive symptoms, first psychotic episode, duration of untreated psychosis and lack of insight with violent behavior.

Objective

The primary objective was to identify factors related to violent behavior in patients diagnosed with psychotic disorder attended by our group, a multidisciplinary mobile outreach team (EMSE).

Methodology

We evaluated a total of 249 patients diagnosed with psychotic disorder between 2007 and 2012. We administered the following scales: PANSS, GAF (Global Assessment of Functioning), CGI (Clinical Global Impression), GEP (Severity of psychiatric illness scale, AVAT (Instrument to assess violent behavior in mental illness) and SUMD (Scale unawareness of mental disorders). To study the correlation between the scales and the score of the AVAT instrument we used the Pearson correlation. Clinical variables were also compared between aggressive and non-aggressive patients using Chisquare and Student's.

Results

There is a positive correlation between AVAT and PANSS-P (r = 0.544), ICG (r = 0.472), GEP (r = 0.515) and a negative correlation between AVAT and GAF (r = -0357). The correlation between AVAT and SUMD is positive (r = 0.119) but not statistically significant.

Conclusion

The presence of positive symptoms and clinical severity has been linked to increased aggressiveness and to predict the occurrence of violent behavior in the course of psychotic disorder. Unlike other studies, no correlation was observed with the lack of insight.
923 – Safe Administration Of Clozapine In Hospitalized Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Begic D. , Bise S. , Kurtovic B. , Cemalovic O. , Ahmic M.
Published: July 2013

Clozapine is indicated for the management of severely ill schizophrenic patients

who fail to respond adequately to standard drug treatment for schizophrenia. Agranulocytosis is a life-threatening adverse effect which can occur during administration of clozapine, and frequency estimation is between 0,5 and 2 % of patients. This research was conducted in 136 patients treated with Clozapine, from a total number of 528 patients hospitalized in the Psychiatric Hospital of Sarajevo in one year period. Fifty patients (36,26%) from total were females, and 86 patients (63,74%) were male. Average age was 43,43 years, hospitalized approximately 4,55 times in this hospital, they were treated with Clozapine in mono- or combined therapy with middle dosage of 162,32 mg per day. In most of the cases (68,75%) concomitant therapy was associated to Haloperidole.

According to recommendations of manufacturers and algorithms, laboratory blood monitoring and differential blood monitoring were performed.

In this trial there were no cases what so ever that would include differation of total White Blood Cells number or granulocytes of patients hospitalized and treated with Clozapine in one year period.
924 – Synergetic Integrative Model Of Group Psychotherapy For Schizophrenic Patient Relatives
Authors: Prazdnova V. , Zelenkova T.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

The authors propose an integrative approach in group work psychotherapy for schizophrenic patient’s relatives. This approach integrates three components into session: psycho education (knowledge for systemic family psychotherapy), cognitive behavior (family solving problem skills) and psychotherapy (reflection and coping strategies). These components are integrative for communication process, which provides their synergetic interaction within the theme educate limits.

Objectives

Study the effectiveness of a synergetic approach in enhancing the impact of rehabilitation.

Aims

Identifying markers of efficacy of the approach through a comparative analysis of the two groups of mothers of patients, one of whom used a synergistic approach, in the other using traditional programs.

Methods

SCL-90-R (Derogatis); URICA (McConnaughy); MSPSS(Zimet). Objective conclusion is provided by using Mann-Whitney U-test.

Results

Synergetic integrative approach to group therapy significantly affects the reduction of somatization (p = 0,05), depression (p = 0,01), hostility (p = 0,05) and Global Severity Index (p = 0,05). In participants of the experimental group was significantly higher overall perception of social support (p = 0,01), measures of social support from family (p = 0,05), friends (p = 0,01) and significant others (p = 0,05). Diagnostic stage of psychotherapeutic process showed that participants of the control group mostly are on initial stages of therapy, while the experimental group members are at a mature stage.

Conclusions

Synergetic integrative approach showed high efficiency to work with the families of schizophrenic patients by reducing the level of psychiatric symptoms, enhance feelings of social support and accelerate the psychotherapeutic process.
926 – Emotional Processing In Patients With Affective, Borderline And Dissociative Disorders
Authors: Grambal A. , Prasko J. , Cerna M. , Havlikova P. , Kamaradova D. , Ociskova M. , Sedlackova Z. , Sandoval A. , Sigmundova Z. , Latalova K.
Published: July 2013

Many of patients suffering with affective, dissociative and dissociative disorders experienced significant stressful or traumatic events from childhood or later in their life. Many of them suffer as children with unsatisfactory fulfilled basic child's needs, such as security, acceptance or approbation. Without the systematic processing these traumatic experiences the treatment is unsuccessful and their problems persist. Although CBT stresses the importance of cognitions or thoughts in activating or maintaining negative affects, there has been increasing emphasis on considering the role of emotional processing. Many of our patients believe that one should be rational and logical all the time, never have conflicting feelings, and should ruminate in order to figure things out. Meaningful cognitive and simultaneously experiential technique for working with deep emotional schemas, formatted in childhood, is imaginal rescripting of the traumatic events, role playing and writing the therapeutic letters. Inclusions of emotion regulation skills in the treatment especially for patients with dissociative disorders enhance the efficacy of CBT. Several examples of emotional processing and trauma rescripting will be presented.

Supported by the project IGA MZ CR NT 11047-4/2010
944 – Involvement Of The Bdnf Val66met Polymorphism And Parental Rearing In Formation Of Interpersonal Sensitivity
Authors: Shibuya N. , Suzuki A. , Matsumoto Y. , Sadahiro R. , Kamata M. , Masanori E. , Otani K.
Published: July 2013

Interpersonal sensitivity is defined as undue and excessive awareness of, and sensitivity to, the behavior and feelings of others and is one of the vulnerable factors to depression. In a twin study, it was suggested that this personality trait was characterized by both genetic and environmental factors. In the present study, we examined the effects of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism and parental rearing on interpersonal sensitivity. The subjects were 725 unrelated healthy Japanese volunteers (mean age±SD=27.1±8.5, 405 males and 320 females). Assessment of interpersonal sensitivity was performed by the Japanese version of the Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure (IPSM). Perceived parental rearing was assessed by the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), which consists of the care and protection factors. The BDNF polymorphism was detected by the PCR-RFLP method. There was no main effect of the BDNF genotype on the IPSM score, while the PBI factors except maternal care had significant main effect on the IPSM score. There was significant interaction effect between the BDNF genotype and maternal care of the PBI on the IPSM score. Post-hoc analysis of simple slopes showed that the negative relationship between the IPSM score and maternal care was strongest and significant in the Met/Met genotype group, intermediate in the Val/Met genotype group, and weakest in the Val/Val genotype group. The present study suggests that the interaction between the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and parental rearing, especially maternal care, influences interpersonal sensitivity in healthy subjects.
955 – Long-term Effectiveness Of Long- And Short-term Psychotherapy In The Treatment Of Depressive And Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Knekt P. , Jääskeläinen T. , Virtala E. , Härkänen T. , Laaksonen M. , Lindfors O.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Little is known about long-term effects of psychotherapy on depressive or anxiety disorders.

Aims

To compare the effectiveness of three psychotherapies of different length in a clinical trial with a 5-year follow-up.

Methods

In the Helsinki Psychotherapy Study, 326 outpatients with mood or anxiety disorder were randomly assigned to longterm psychodynamic psychotherapy (LPP), short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (SPP), and solution-focused therapy (SFT), and were followed up for 5 years from start of treatment. Depressive, anxiety and general psychiatric symptoms (BDI, SCL-90-Anx, and SCL-90-GSI), working ability (WAI), and recovery (based on changes in psychiatric symptoms and use of auxiliary treatment) were used as outcome measures.

Results

For patients with depressive disorder LPP was more effective than SPP or SFT in reducing symptoms, improving work ability and leading to recovery during the 3 last years of follow-up. For patients with anxiety disorder effectiveness of LPP was less pronounced with no differences between short-term and long-term therapy in recovery from anxiety symptoms. No differences were found between the effectiveness of the short-term therapies.

Conclusions

Long-term psychotherapy is more effective than short-term therapy during a long follow-up especially in the treatment of depressive disorder. More research especially considering different anxiety disorders is still needed.
958 – Efficacy Of Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate In Children And Adolescents With Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder: Effect Of Age, Sex And Baseline Disease Severity
Authors: Lecendreux M. , Banaschewski T. , Soutullo C. , Johnson M. , Zuddas A. , Anderson C. , Civil R. , Higgins N. , Bloomfield R. , Squires L. , Coghill D.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

In a European, phase 3 study (SPD489-325), lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) was more effective than placebo in improving symptoms and global functioning in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Objectives and aims

To evaluate the impact of age, sex and baseline disease severity on efficacy outcomes in SPD489- 325.

Methods

This 7-week, double-blind, parallel-group, dose-optimized study enrolled patients aged 6-17 years with ADHD. Patients were randomized (1:1:1) to once-daily LDX (30, 50 or 70mg/day), osmotic-release oral system methylphenidate (OROS-MPH; 18, 36 or 54mg/day) or placebo. Efficacy outcomes were analysed in patients dichotomized by age (6-12 years [n=229] or 13-17 years [n=88]), sex (male [n=255] or female [n=62]) and baseline ADHD Rating Scale version IV (ADHD-RSIV) total score (28-41 [n=161] or 42-54 [n=152]). Endpoint was the last on-treatment visit with a valid assessment.

Results

At endpoint, differences (active-placebo) in least-squares mean changes from baseline in ADHD-RS-IV total scores were statistically significant in all age, sex and ADHD-RS-IV total score subgroups for LDX (p< 0.001; effect sizes, 1.68-2.26) and OROS-MPH (p< 0.01; effect sizes, 0.88-1.46). Proportions of patients with a Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement rating of 1 (very much improved) or 2 (much improved) were statistically significantly greater than placebo at endpoint in all subgroups receiving LDX (p< 0.01) and in all subgroups except females receiving OROS-MPH (p< 0.05).

Conclusions

LDX showed greater efficacy than placebo in children and adolescents with ADHD, regardless of their age, sex or baseline disease severity.

Supported by: Funding from Shire Development LLC.
970 – The Effect Of Depressive Symptoms, Gender And Ageing On Memory Beliefs In Life Span
Authors: Fastame M.C.
Published: July 2013

The focus of the current study was to investigate the effect of depression, gender and age-related factors on metamemory measures in the Italian adult population. Fifty-eight healthy adults were recruited in Northern Italy and were respectively assigned to the following groups: Young (20-30 years old), Old (60-70 years old) and Very Old (> 71-84 years old). Participants were administered a battery of tests, including self-referent mnestic efficiency scales, general beliefs about memory and depression measures. General beliefs about memory self efficacy as well as beliefs about the control of personal memory and prospective control were predicted by depression, whereas personal beliefs about future control of memory were predicted by age. Finally, females showed greater depression signs than males, as well as depression gradually decreases along the adulthood span.