bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Test Artefacts for the Verification of Optical Digitizers
Authors: Sato Osamu , Osawa Sonko , Takatsuji Toshiyuki , Murakami M. , Harada R.
Published: March 2009

To ensure the reliability of the measurement results with optical digitizers, it is necessary
that the instruments are verified under proper protocols with traceably calibrated artefacts. The
requirement for test artefacts is being calibrated with small uncertainty. In addition, it is needed that
the optical characteristics of the artefacts' surface are suitable for the measurement with optical
sensors because optical digitizers adopt different measuring methods. In this research, the concept,
structure and feature of the test artefacts are reported.
Industrial Robot Error Compensation Using Laser Tracker System
Authors: Ouyang Jian Fei , Liu W. , Qu Xing Hua , Yan Y.
Published: March 2009

A technique to compensate the geometry errors of industrial robot using Laser Tracker
System (LTS) has been presented in this paper. A Spherically Mounted Retro-reflector (SMR) is
mounted on the end-effector of industrial robot. The positions of SMR are measured by LTS and
compared with the nominal value of industrial robot to get geometry error database of robot. The
updated error database, together with real-time measuring of the positions on the robot’s end-effector
can be used to compensate the geometric errors of the robot. Using this technique to compensate the
industrial robot, the geometry errors can be decreased from 0.1mm to 0.04mm.
Uncertainty Estimation Using Monte-Carlo Method Constrained by Correlations of the Data
Authors: Nara Masayuki , Abbe Makoto , Takamasu Kiyoshi
Published: March 2009

Simple and easy uncertainty estimation method is proposed. Provided that specification or
simple experimental result is available, possible variance and covariance in error are estimated and
Monte-Carlo simulation reflecting constraint caused by the covariance can be performed.
Comparison between uncertainties obtained by the proposed method and that by actual measurements
on real CMM shows good agreement within 1 m µ over-estimation.
Correlation Processing of the Signals of the Single-Fiber Intermode Interferometer with a Small Number of Excited Modes
Authors: Kulchin Yuri , Vitrik Oleg B. , Lantsov Alexey D.
Published: March 2009

Possibilities of obtaining quantitative information about the deformation influence on the
SFMI with a small number of excited modes by using a correlation method are investigated. It was
shown that usage of diffusive scatterer allows us to transform the radiation of SFMI to a speckle field
which can easily be processed. The working range of the SFMI deformation measurements is 0 – 160
µm with precision up to 10 µm.
Research on Automatic Flaw Classification and Feature Extraction of Ultrasonic Testing
Authors: Li Jian , Zhan X. , Zhuge J. , Zeng Z. , Jin Shi Jiu
Published: March 2009

In this paper, Lifted Wavelet Transform (LWT) and BP neural network are used for
automatic flaw classification of pipeline girth welds. LWT is proposed to extract flaw feature from
ultrasonic echo signals, ideally matched local characteristics of original signal and increasing the
computational speed and flaw classification efficiency. After extracting features of all flaw echoes, a
feature library is constructed. A modified BP neural network is followed as a classifier, trained by the
library. When feature of any flaw echo is extracted and sent to BP network, flaw type is the output,
realizing automatic flaw classification. Experiment results prove the proposed method, LWT with BP
neural network, is more fit for automatic flaw classification than traditional methods.
The Influence of Form Deviations and Surface Topography of Micro-Components on the Uncertainty of their Geometrical Parameters
Authors: Neugebauer Michael , Krystek Michael Paul
Published: March 2009

The uncertainty of dimensional measurements is influenced by numerous different sources,
such as the properties of the instrument used, the environmental conditions, the interaction between
sensor and surface, and the object properties themselves. In our contribution we focus on the influence
of form deviations and surface topography. This influence will be demonstrated by some characteristic
examples of micro-component measurements and by the analysis of simulated 2D-data.
Surface Grain Size Effects on the Corrosion of Magnesium
Authors: op’t Hoog Christopher , Birbilis Nick , Zhang Ming Xing , Estrin Yuri
Published: March 2009

In many cases degradation of a material initiates at its surface, including wear, corrosion, fretting, etc. Such deterioration / failure modes are hence surface properties sensitive. This study is one discrete effort towards the optimization of the surface microstructure for specific properties by understanding the fundamentally unknown ‘corrosion – grain size relationship’ for magnesium. There is a special need to understand this relationship as we outline in some detail within this study. Results showed that there was a significant variation in corrosion resistance with grain size, which is a key finding; however these trends were also strongly dependent upon the specific thermomechanical processing used to prepare the specimens.
Experimental Investigations on the Effects of Thermal Residual Stresses on the Efficiency of Repaired Panels with Glass/Epoxy Composite Patch
Authors: Hosseini-Toudeshky Hossein , Shamboli M. , Mohammadi Bijan
Published: March 2009

The aim of this experimental investigation is to study the effect of various curing
temperatures on crack-front shape and crack growth life of centrally cracked aluminium panels in
mode-I condition with single-side glass/epoxy composite patches. The aluminium panels are made
of Al 2024-T3 with the thicknesses of 2.29 mm. Unidirectional four layers lay-up perpendicular to
the initial crack length were used for the patches of all specimens and the adhesive was Araldite
LY564. The cyclic remote stress of 118 MPa with the R-ratio of 0.05 was applied for all models.
The experiments were performed for different curing temperatures of room temperature, 50oC,
80oC, 100oC and 120oC. It is shown that the fatigue crack growth life of the repaired panels with
curing temperatures of 100oC and 120oC is considerably smaller than those obtained for specimens
cured at room temperature and 50oC.
High Cycle Fatigue Properties and Failure Mode in Ni-Cr-Mo Steel Tempered at Low Temperature
Authors: Mochizuki Yu , Nakajima Masaki , Shimizu Toshihiro
Published: March 2009

High cycle fatigue properties and failure mode in high strength steel tempered at low temperature were studied. The material used was Ni-Cr-Mo steel, JIS SNCM439, which was tempered at 453 K. After heat treatment, round bar specimens with hourglass shape were machined. Fatigue tests were performed using two kinds of specimens with two surface conditions, i.e., as-ground specimen and buff-finished specimen. Tests were conducted under rotating bending and axial loading. Under rotating bending, in as-ground specimens, fatigue failure took place in high cycle region above 107 cycles and failure mode was surface-related. On the other hand, buff-finished specimens exhibited the step-wise S-N curve, i.e., the subsurface fracture with a fish-eye was observed. However, under axial loading, even in buff-finished specimens the subsurface fracture didn’t occur due to small nonmetallic inclusions. Based on the results, the fatigue limit was estimated by the statistics of extremes. The prediction gave the conservative values.
Flexural Toughness and Crack Strength of Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composite
Authors: Sadrmomtazi Ali , Zerafatangiz F. , Alidoust O. , Haghi Akbar K.
Published: March 2009

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the flexural toughness and crack strength
of a cement-based composite under the effect of using recycled polypropylene (PP) fiber and
recycled glass. This research study proves the feasibility of the use of glass as aggregates
replacement and PP fibers for composite reinforcement.
Prediction of the Carbonation Depth of Concrete with a Mortar Finish
Authors: Lee Han Seung , Wang Xiao Yong
Published: March 2009

It is well known that carbonation will result corrosion of steel reinforcement in
reinforced concrete structures. To reduce the rate of carbonation, the surface coatings, such as
mortar finish, has been used widely to concrete. This paper presents a numerical procedure about
carbonation of the coating-concrete system. This numerical procedure starts with a
multi-component hydration model. By hydration model which considers both and Portland cement
and pozzolanic reaction, the amount of hydration products which are susceptible to carbonate as
well as porosity is obtained as function of age. Furthermore, the diffusivity of CO2 is determined
and carbonation depth of concrete is predicted. Parameter studies are performed to show the
influence of composition and application time of mortar finish on carbonation depth of substrate
concrete.
Structural Safety Assessment of Railway Freight Car during Static Loading
Authors: Kim Jeong Guk , Yoon Sung Cheol , Seo Jung Won , Kwon Sung Tae
Published: March 2009

The structural strength during static loadings for a carbody of railway container freight car
was evaluated to verify the structural strength of newly manufactured carbody. The carbody of freight
car was designed with SM490YA steel and stainless steel for the general railway transportation. Prior
to the assessment of structural strength, finite element method (FEM) characterization was used for
the stress and structural analyses on stress distribution in a carbody of container freight car. The strain
gages were attached on the carbody based on the FEM results in order to measure structural strength
during static loadings such as vertical and compression loadings. The actual vertical loading test and
horizontal compression loading test were conducted, and the results were compared with the previous
FEM results. In this investigation, the evaluation method for the structural strength in a structural
component has been introduced using several engineering techniques, and experimental and
theoretical results were compared.
The Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Equal-Channel Angular Pressed Al 5052 Alloy
Authors: Cha J.H. , Cho H.H. , Kim W.H. , Kwun S.I. , Shin Dong Hyuk
Published: March 2009

The low cycle fatigue(LCF) test was performed to characterize the influences of the equal channel angular pressing(ECAP) and subsequent annealing of Al 5052 alloy. In the present research, one group of Al 5052 alloy specimens was directly subjected to ECAP, while another was subjected to ECAP and subsequent annealing. It was found that the tensile strength of the Al 5052 alloy increased, while its elongation decreased, with increasing number of ECAP passes. The LCF test was conducted at constant total strain amplitudes of 0.5%, 0.7%, 0.9% and 1.1%. Only cyclic hardening was observed as the number of fatigue cycles increased at all strain amplitudes in the specimen without ECAP. However, the ECAPed specimens showed a slight amount of cyclic hardening in the beginning and then saturation until fracture.
Fracture Analysis of an Oblique Crack Propagation in a Pre-Stressed Glass-Epoxy Composite
Authors: Craciun Eduard Marius , Carabineanu Adrian , Peride Niculae
Published: March 2009

We consider a pre-stressed material containing an oblique crack of a length 2a
situated in x1x3 plane. We supposed that the material is unbounded and the crack faces are
acted by constant normal incremental stresses p. The initial applied stress
◦
is in direction of
the crack. Our first aim is to determine the elastic state produced in the body using Guz’s
representation theorem. Our second aim is to determine the critical values of the incremental
stresses and the direction of crack propagation. To do this, we use Sih’s generalised fracture
criterion for an orthotropic elastic composite. In the last part we find the critical values of the
initial applied stress
◦
for which the phenomenon of resonance can appear in a pre-stressed
Glass-Epoxy composite.
Life Cycle Cost Management Strategy on Corrosion Deterioration and Fatigue Damage of Steel Girder Bridge
Authors: Cheung Moe M.S. , So Kevin K.L. , Zhang Xue Qing
Published: March 2009

This paper proposes a life-cycle cost (LCC) management methodology that integrates
corrosion deterioration and fatigue damage mechanisms. This LCC management methodology has
four characterized features: (1) corrosion deterioration and fatigue damage models are used to
predict the time when the pre-defined limits are reached; (2) the performance of the steel girder is
measured by condition state sets in which deflection, moment and shear capacities and fatigue
strength limits are considered altogether; (3) the cost-effectiveness of management strategies are
measured by the performance improvement per unit of money spent; and (4) the LCC model
includes initial design/construction cost, inspection cost, maintenance cost, repair/rehabilitation cost
and failure cost. A steel girder bridge is used as an example to demonstrate the application of the
proposed LCC management methodology.
Fabrication and Electrical Properties of (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3-BiAlO3 Ferroelectric Ceramics
Authors: Watanabe Yoshinori , Hiruma Yuji , Nagata Hajime , Takenaka Tadashi
Published: March 2009

(1-x)(Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3-xBiAlO3 [BNTA100x (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.14)] ceramics were prepared by a conventional ceramic fabrication process. Single-phase perovskite structures were formed when x ≤ 0.08 for BNTA100x. The depolarization temperature, Td, at which piezoelectricity disappears, decreased with increasing x. The piezoelectric constant, d33, increased with increasing x because of the increase in free permittivity accompanied with decreasing Td. d33 and the electromechanical coupling factor, k33, of BNTA6 were 93 pC/N and 0.41, respectively. Normalized strain d33* (= Smax/Emax) at 60 kV/cm at the maximum field-induced strain was 122.2 pm/V for BNTA8. The value of d33* was higher than the calculated value of d33.
Piezoelectric Properties and Depolarization Temperature of NaNbO3-LiNbO3 Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics
Authors: Aoyagi Rintaro , Iwata Makoto , Maeda Masaki
Published: March 2009

Piezoelectric and dielectric properties of (LixNa1-x)NbO3 (LNN100x; x≤0.14) ceramics were
investigated according to phase transition The highest electromechanical coupling factor, kp, of
0.247 was obtained for LNN12 which has a composition with a morphotropic phase boundary at
room temperature. On the other hand, the coupling factor of k33 with longitudinal mode was almost
constant for all compositions of x. The dielectric constant, ε
r, before poling treatment exhibited a
thermal hysteresis near the Curie temperature, TC, for all compositions. The depolarization
temperature of LNN6 was higher than the TC before poling treatment. In addition, the peak of free
permittivity, ε33
T, was shifted to higher temperature. It was considered that the phase transition was
induced by the electric field during poling treatment.
Crystal Growth and Ferroelectric Properties of Superlattice-Structured Bi4Ti3O12-PbBi4Ti4O15 Single Crystals
Authors: Ikezaki Mariko , Noguchi Yuji , Katayama Keiichi , Miyayama Masaru
Published: March 2009

Superlattice-structured Bi4Ti3O12- PbBi4Ti4O15 single crystals were grown, and their properties of polarization hysteresis and leakage current along the a axis were investigated. Oxidation annealing led to a marked increase in leakage current, while annealing in N2 atmosphere yielded a marked decrease in leakage current at room temperature. These results show that electron hole is the dominant carrier for the leakage current. A well-saturated polarization hysteresis with a remanent polarization of 41 μC/cm2 was observed, which is suggested to originate from the peculiar ferroelectric displacement of Bi in the Bi2O2 layers.
Shell-Core Type Proton Conducting TiP2O7-Based Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Tanimoto Satoshi , Hirukawa Shunsuke , Shirai Takaaki , Sato Shunsuke , Kusano Tomohiro , Saito Morihiro , Kuwano Jun , Shiroishi Hidenobu
Published: March 2009

Shell-core type TiP2O7-based electrolytes were synthesized by a low-temperature sol-gel method, and their conductivities were investigated by ac-impedance spectroscopy. The samples heat-treated at 500°C showed higher proton conductivities of 3.8 × 10-2 - 1 × 10-2 Scm-1 at intermediate temperatures (100 - 300°C). The conductivity decreased by reheat-treatments at 600°C and 700°C due to a decrease in the amount of the conductive amorphous shells. However, the mechanical strength of the sample pellet significantly increased by the reheat-treatment. The sample reheat-treated at 600°C kept high conductivities of 8.8 × 10-3 - 1 × 10-3 Scm-1 in a range of 100°C - 300°C.
Oxygen Reduction Electrode Properties of Oxide Nanosheet-Based Materials
Authors: Akeboshi Yuya , Ohno Naotaka , Tokuno Hirohito , Saito Morihiro , Kuwano Jun , Shiroishi Hidenobu
Published: March 2009

Two types of oxide nanosheet-based materials, a H3O+-exchanged layered titanate and restacked titania nanosheets (H3O+-RE) were synthesized by soft chemical methods, and their oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activities were examined by semi-steady-state voltammetry with a rotating ring-disc electrode at 70°C in 0.05 M H2SO4. Both samples showed similar onset potentials of the ORR, ~ 0.50 vs. reversible hydrogen electrode, while the efficiencies (Eff4) of the 4-electron reduction of oxygen depended on their nanostructures, i.e. the stacking morphology of nanosheets, specific surface area and kinds of cation between the nanosheets. Both H3O+-form samples showed high Eff4 values are compared with Cs+-form layered titanate.and the H+-form restacked titania nanosheets. This reveals that the H3O+ions and the number of the active sites for ORR are related to the ORR activity. The H3O+-RE exhibited the best Eff4 value (> 90%), which is comparable to that of a conventional 20 mass% Pt/C catalyst.
A Study of Intermediate Temperature Proton-Conductive Phosphate Electrolytes
Authors: Sakamoto Katsuya , Shiroishi Hidenobu , Shirai Takaaki , Satou Shunsuke , Saito Morihiro , Kuwano Jun
Published: March 2009

The ternary oxide compositions xZrO2-(0.5–x/2)Al2O3-yP2O5(x=0.8, 0.9, 0.95, 1.0; y=1.0, 1.2, 1.4) and 0.9ZrO2-0.05In2O3-1.4P2O5, xSiO2-(0.5–x/2)Al2O3-1.4P2O5(x=0.9, 1.0) were synthesized by sol-gel methods, and their conductivities were investigated by ac-impedance spectroscopy. The conductivity increased with increasing P2O5 content and with decreasing heat-treatment temperature. The maximum conductivities reached over 10-2 Scm-1 at 150°C for 0.9ZrO2-0.05Al2O3-1.4P2O5 and at 225°C for 0.9SiO2-0.05Al2O3-1.4P2O5.
Study on the Surface Quality of Optical Glass in Ultrasonic-Magnetorheological Compound Finishing
Authors: Zhang Fei Hu , Wang Hui Jun , Liu Jian Feng , Luan Dian Rong , Zhang Yong
Published: March 2009

The paper presents a newly developed optical polishing method,
Ultrasonic-magnetorheological compound finishing (UMC finishing). The mechanism of UMC
finishing is introduced in the paper. Experiments are carried out to study the surface quality of the
optical glass K9 in UMC finishing. The result shows that the surface roughness Ra of the optical
glass is 4.0nm, which is measured by the profile meter. The rules of surface roughness for optical
glass by the main processing parameters are also acquired by the experiments. The study will be the
basis for the further study of UMC finishing technology.
Simulation and Experimental Analysis of Electromagnetic Inductor for Magnetic Abrasive Finishing
Authors: Yan Qiu Sheng , Qiu T.X. , Gao Wei Qiang , Meng L.
Published: March 2009

At first, a relative mathematical model for electromagnetic inductor was constructed. On
the basis of electromagnetic calculation theory, simulation analysis of magnetic field of
electromagnetic inductor was performed with finite element method. Then, the magnetic flux
density of the actual electromagnetic inductor was measured. Simulation result is basically identical
with experimental result, and the maximum relative error is not more than 7%. It proves the validity
of simulation analysis of the electromagnetic inductor. Based on the above results, the experiments of the
Magnetic Abrasive Finishing were performed. The results offer a theoretical foundation for the magnetic
abrasive finishing experiment and the optimum design of the electromagnetic inductor.
Engineering a Next Generation Water-Based Grinding Fluid
Authors: Hug Peter , Nelson Andrew R. , Salmon Stuart C.
Published: March 2009

There are few water-based fluids, on the market, designed specifically for grinding and
abrasive machining processes. Fluid manufacturers, caught up in serving the “non-cutting” functions,
have neglected the prime reasons for using a grinding fluid. This paper begins to assess water-based
fluid chemistries and observe the cause and effect relationship with respect to grinding power and
wheel life. The end result will be not only be a next generation grinding fluid, but also a better
understanding of the role of the grinding fluid in a grinding or abrasive machining operation.
Application of a Floating Nozzle to Grinding Process Using an Edge of Grinding Wheel
Authors: Ninomiya Shinichi , Qiang Fan , Shimizu Toshiharu , Iwai Manabu , Uematsu Tetsutaro , Suzuki Kiyoshi
Published: March 2009

In order to apply the floating nozzle method to an angular grinding on the external
cylindrical grinding, basic experiments on V-groove grinding with the wheel edge were performed
on the surface-grinding machine. The results showed that the floating nozzle method could maintain
a good control of the wheel edge wear, leading to improved surface roughness compared with a
conventional nozzle.
Simulation and Analysis of Abrasive Jet Machining with Wheel Restriction in Grinding
Authors: Wang Wan Shan , Zhu L.D. , Yu Tian Biao , Yang Jian Yu , Tang L.
Published: March 2009

Abrasive jet precision finishing is a new machining method, which injects slurry of
abrasive and liquid solvent to grinding zone under without feed condition. The machining is
simulated by Finite Element Method (FEM) in the paper. Hydrodynamic pressure on modeling of
wedge-like grinding zone between wheel and workpiece on abrasive jet finishing with wheel as
restraint was established and simulation, based on Navier-Stokes and continuity equations. The liquid
hydrodynamic pressure distributing principle and affecting factor were investigated. The relation
hydronamic pressure with grinding wheel velocity was stimulated and verified experimentally. The
experiment results show that the simulation results are agreement with experiment, so the simulation
model can well forecast hydrodynamic pressure distribution at contact zone.
Scale Effect of Nano-Indentation of Silicon – A Molecular Dynamics Investigation
Authors: Mylvaganam Kausala , Zhang Liang Chi
Published: March 2009

This paper investigates the scale effect of indenter tip radius on the deformation of silicon
under nanoindentation using molecular dynamics simulation. It was found that with larger diamond
tips a six-coordinated silicon phase different from β-silicon on loading and a diamond like crystal
beneath the indenter on unloading would appear as a result of the indentation stressing. This is a
new phenomenon that has not been observed previously.
Control of Nano-Topography on an Axisymmetric Ground Surface
Authors: Yoshihara Nobuhito , Yan Ji Wang , Kuriyagawa Tsunemoto
Published: March 2009

The use of aspherical optical parts has become common as optical instruments are
becoming smaller with and are achieving higher resolution. Nano-order roughness and high-precision
shapes are simultaneously required for the surface of aspherical optical parts. At present, form
accuracy of the aspherical lens becomes less than 50 nm, and the maximum height roughness
becomes less than 20 nm. These values of form accuracy and maximum height roughness satisfy the
requirement for most precision optical parts. However, nano-topography, which causes grinding
marks and deteriorates accuracy of optical parts, is generated on the ground surface. Conventional
evaluation criteria such as form accuracy and surface roughness cannot estimate the
nano-topography. In the present paper, the cross sectional profile of the axisymmetric ground surface
is calculated in order to estimate the distribution of the nano-topography. As a result, the possibility of
control of the nano-topography distribution is confirmed. In addition, controlling the amplitude of
nano-topography is easier than controlling the distribution of nano-topography.
Release Properties and Acute Biosecurity Determination of Collagen-Polyvinylpyrrolidone Loaded in Ordered Mesoporous Silica
Authors: López T. , Krötzsch Fernando Edgar , Ortiz Islas E. , Alvarez Lemus M. , Balsadella E. , Martínez-Blanes J.Ma , Odriozola José Antonio
Published: March 2009

Mesoporous silica type SBA-15 has high specific surface area, well ordered pores and renders larges volumes, reasons for its potential use in controlled drug delivery system; in addition its non toxic nature and good biocompatibility. The aim of this work is to determine the feasibility of loading collagen-polyvinylpyrrolidone (collagen-PVP) molecules into Biocompatible Nanostructured Ordered Mesoporous Silica (BINOM-Silica). Collagen-PVP has several medical uses, such as fibrolytic activity and tissue regeneration. Therefore, this BINOM-Silica/collagen- PVP material could be used as drug delivery system for hypertrophic scarring. Different BINOMSilica materials were prepared using a triblock copolymer in an acid medium and stabilized at 557°C and later, collagen-PVP was loaded into the material. The small angle powder X-ray diffraction patterns of BINOM-Silica materials, in some cases, indicate the existence of a high degree of hexagonal mesoscopic organization. The nitrogen sorption isotherms are type IV typical of mesoporous materials with large surface area. In vitro release of collagen-PVP was carried out by mean of UV/VIS spectroscopy. The cumulative release profiles of Silica-collagen PVP in distilled water indicate a two step release, an initial fast release and a relatively slow subsequent release, indicating an appropriate delivery of collagen-PVP for therapeutic administration. BINOMSilica/ collagen-PVP intradermical administration stimulated inflammatory infiltrates only in an acute phase (day 3), demonstrating that silica materials and their combination with chemical and biological drugs could be safe for therapeutics. The absence of inflammatory infiltrates at day 7 suggested an appropriate integration of BINOM-Silica/collagen-PVP into the tissue. These results indicate that we obtained biocompatible nanostructured ordered mesoporous silica materials useful for delivery systems.
Operation Model for Green Manufacturing in the Electronic Industry
Authors: Li Cong Bo , Liu Fei , Li Cai Zhen , Wang Qiu Lian
Published: March 2009

To help electronic manufacturers implement their green manufacturing (GM) strategies
more friendly to environment and more effectively in saving resources, an operational GM model is
proposed based on systematical analyses of each stage of the electronic product life cycle including
material selection, design, production, use, end-of-life product disassembly and recycling, etc. This
model consists of three levels-supply chain, enterprise and workshop and each level deals with
different issues. Supply chain level focuses on manufacturing plants and remanufacturing plants
based on the analysis of the whole supply chain-raw materials supply, production and marketing, etc.
Enterprise level consists of GM implementation motivation, enterprise strategies, system
implementation, supporting elements such as information systems. Based on analysis of the main
resources and environment problems, workshop level mainly includes green manufacturing process
such as lead-free soldering, process improvement, process monitoring and data acquisition, etc.
Study on Simulation System of Cut-In Disrepair for the Milling Insert with 3D Complex Groove
Authors: Wang Zhi Gang , Zhao Ping , Li Zhen Jia , Zhu Deng Hui
Published: March 2009

The waved-edge milling insert is a kind of insert with 3D complex groove; its cut-in style
and cut-in disrepair are different from the flat-groove insert. For researching the relationship between
the cut-in style and the cut-in disrepair of the waved-edge milling insert, the cut-in simulation system
of the waved-edge milling insert is developed, on the software of UG/Open API combined with
VC++. By given different cut-in style parameters, the virtual cut-in process is founded and the proof
is supplied for judging cut-in style and studying cut-in disrepair.
Experimental Study on the Big Nano-Ceramic Plates under Two-Dimensional Ultrasonic Polishing
Authors: Zhang Ming , Liu Chun Xiao , Zhao Bo , Gao Guo Fu , Li Yu
Published: March 2009

The two-dimensional ultrasonic polishing device of big nano-ceramic plate was designed
and its maximum value of vibration amplitude reached 18.34um.Using it to polish the nano-zirconia
toughened alumina ceramic(ZTA) plates 500mm×400mm×16mm, the polishing efficiency improves
and the polishing surface roughness achieves below 0.07um, flatness below 10um.
Study on the Property and Driver Mode of High-Speed Dot-Matrix Pulse Jet Generator
Authors: Deng C.G. , Xiang Z.Q. , Lu Fu Zai , Jiang X.Y.
Published: March 2009

Equations of confirming the parameters of device were established through the study of the characteristics of high-speed dot-matrix pulse jet generator which is important unit of the printing machine. Dynamical equations which could be rule for calculating parameters of valve and pipeline were established. Consequently, theory foundation for design and manufacture of high-speed dotmatrix pulse jet generator is provided. The driver mode of jet generator was analyzed and optimized. The design and analyses are proved feasible by experiments.
Research on Open CNC System Based on Quantum Framework
Authors: Han Jiang , Dai Wen Ming , Xia L. , Tang Bao
Published: March 2009

For carrying out real significant open with regardless of operation system platforms, the
open CNC system based on quantum framework was established. The paper introduced principles,
architecture and content of quantum framework. And the architecture of open CNC system based on
quantum framework was designed. On the basis of architecture, parts of finite state machine
modeling of CNC active objects and programs were given in this paper. The results show that
quantum framework is a kind of software-bus which can achieve open characteristic of software and
loosely coupled of CNC function modules. So the quantum framework carries out real significant
open.
Imageware and Pro/E Based Reverse Engineering Techniques for Drawbar in Heavy-Duty Railway Freight Cars
Authors: Lu Bi Hong , Zheng H.P.
Published: March 2009

As a new for heavy-railway vehicle connecting device, drawbar can eliminate connective
gap and improve dynamic performance of the train obviously as it is well interchangeable, simple
structure, easy manufacture, convenient maintenance, mature technology, high reliability, and widely
applied abroad. Through the research on reverse engineering of foreign drawbar, authors present data
collecting method based on the coordinates measuring machine (CMM) and data preprocessing by
Imageware software, which including noise points removal, data alignment, simplification, sorting
and benchmark transformation. Converting points cloud data by Pro/E independent geometric
module, 3D models based on features and constraints were reconstructed, which support the redesign
of parts and their manufacturing analysis. The outcome of the paper provides effective ways in terms
of drawbar techniques digesting and absorption, and also supports innovative design of new products.
Research about Automatic Ultrasonic Testing Technology for the Ring Welding Line of Middling and Small Modulus Gear
Authors: Zhang Ji Tang , Ning C.L.
Published: March 2009

In order to resolve the problem of being unable to test the ring welding line of middling and small modulus gear by handwork ultrasonic testing due to small size, the automatic ultrasonic testing technology is studied and the automatic ultrasonic testing system has be studied. Normal beam testing adopts the radial incident detection methods from the inside hole surface using a higher frequency focus probe and the better testing result is obtained. The automatic ultrasonic testing system is made up of ultrasonic testing subsystem, mechanism scan subsystem, control subsystem, ultrasonic testing signal processing and display subsystem, and system calibration test pieces .The result of testing can be displayed on the computer screen or printed in the form of curve and statistical data.
Study on Demonstration City Constration of MIE and Informatization of Medium and Small Enterprises
Authors: Zhang S.C. , Zhang Jun
Published: March 2009

Since Zhengzhou was affirmed for state key city of MIE and demonstration city of Henan MIE in 2002, ERP and ERP’s element technologies have been demonstrated the application, and the demonstration system having the dint of arouse and radiates has been built, which its layout was reasonable and the structural layer was clear. In demonstration enterprises, the development period of new products was shortened from 153 days to 102 days. Contribution rate of MIE in the new product was raised from 37.4% to 51.3%. The occupancy of stock funds was decreased from 40% to 27%. On this foundation, aiming at the midium and small enterprises, four sharing MIE platform were set up. At the same time, the element technologies of informatization personalization were applied. So, the coordinate development mode of medium and small enterprises MIE was put forward. The preliminary result showed that this strategy could solve the bottleneck problem of medium and small enterprises MIE and it could become the basis of the enterprise cluster MIE constrution.
The Application Research of Virtual Prototyping Technology in the Design of Oil Field Pumping Units
Authors: Sun Wen Lei , Wang X. , Hai J.Z.
Published: March 2009

Regulating diameter-variable moment pumping unit as the research object. which been
analysed by virtual prototyping technology, by this way, the application ways and realization means
of virtual prototyping technology is explored in this field.The virtual prototyping technology is
introduced into the dynamic characteristics analysis and optimization for pumping units, and the 3D
CAD software, multibody system dynamics analysis software and finite element analysis software
were combined. The digital physical prototype for pumping units is established by UG software;
ADAMS was Used to establish the function virtual prototype and virtual test system, to develop the
test analysis and optimize its structure parameters according to the movement requirements for
pumping units; The finite element analysis of the pumping unit parts is processed in the ANSYS
environment, and structural design is optimized in accordance with the stress distribution
characteristics of pumping components. In this paper, CAD and CAE technology are used with close
combination, the pumping units dynamics analysis and simulation is developed from the systemic
perspective. The research has the characteristics of high precision analysis, wide range of
applications and good practical value.
Research on Rotary Disc-Type MRF Dampers with Nonhomogeneous Magnetic Fields
Authors: Cui Zhi , Zheng Di
Published: March 2009

In this paper, based on the analysis of the damping torque of rotary disc-type
magnetorheological fluid (MRF) damper, a new kind of MRF disc-type damper is proposed. The
working disc of the new kind of damper has a wedged shape that results in variable working
clearances, and hence a nonhomogeneous magnetic field is produced. The magnetic resistance of
the MRF filled in the variable clearance is analyzed and the impact of the produced
nonhomogeneous magnetic field on the damping torque of the damper is studied. Experiments are
conducted and the damper performance under steady shear rate is evaluated with an
author-designed test stand. The experimental results show that under the same exciting current and
other conditions the output damping torque produced by the MRF of the new kind of damper is
much greater than that of the ordinary dampers with parallel disc surfaces and constant working
clearance.
Research and Development of Collaborative Design System Based on WEB
Authors: Gong Ya Dong , Zhang Yan Cheng , Zhao H.Y. , Wang Wan Shan
Published: March 2009

Technologies of remote screen sharing, remote control and network character
intercommunion were adopted in this paper to construct a cooperative design system. The methods of
developing cooperative plot system by the virtual network technology and constructing cooperative
intercommunion system with web design language ASP and Access database were discussed, and the
isomorphic environment collaborative design was carried out under the environment of AutoCAD,
Pro-E, CAXA and so on. Finally, the function and feasibility of the developed cooperative design
system were tested through examples.
Research and Applications of Fuzzy-PID Control on NC Machine
Authors: Xie Tan Cheng , Nan X.
Published: March 2009

This dissertation mainly introduces Fuzzy-PID Control which are used in the PFPL (Pseudo-flexible Production Line). The servo system plays an important role in the NC machine. The performance of servo system decide the quality of NC machine in very great degree This dissertation research and develop a milling and paring manufacture unit of open CNC system -- Numerical control unit of PFPL. By using the GT-SV motion controller, put up the software and hardware platform of NC unit rapidly with module design method and the target -oriented programming idea .Take NC milling machine as the process platform, this dissertation use intellectual PID control method to improve the servo control of motion controller, through the pointing accuracy survey of the milling machine, confirmed the actual effect of Fuzzy-PID control.
Nitride & Oxy-Nitride Ceramics for High Temperature and Engineering Applications
Authors: Bandyopadhyay S. , Biswas Sampad , Maiti H.S.
Published: March 2009

Nitrides and oxynitrides of silicon and aluminum occupy prominent positions among other non-oxide members of ceramics on account of their inherent unique combination of properties arising out of their directional covalent bonding in the condensed state. Since many reviews could be found in the literature on the materials either individually or combining some of them, the present article is devoted to the key areas of the present research on the developments of these materials. For example, α’ – SiAlON is now attracting significant attention and the article highlights how compositional variations could lead to easy densification and improvement of its mechanical properties. Experimental results from various authors show that the mechanism of stabilization of α’ – SiAlON is very complex and cannot be explained on the basis of the size of the metal cations and solubility in the transient glassy phase. Y, Yb, Dy and to some extent Ca are good for stabilization of the phase. Evolution of different phases during temperature rise and how these phases affect sintering of the α’ material has been presented in this article. In-situ formation of elongated β’ grains have been shown to increase the toughness of the material. Simultaneously, the development of AlN ceramics in regard to application of this ceramic in different areas apart from that of microelectronics has been discussed. +Improved mechanical and electrical properties of AlN and its composites have shown their promise in diverse applications such as armors, electron tube components and dielectric devices.
Densification and High Temperature Deformation in Oxide Ceramics
Authors: Chokshi Atul H.
Published: March 2009

Bulk ceramics are usually obtained from sintering of powders, involving both densification
and growth. The kinetics of grain growth are examined with a view to producing bulk nanoceramics.
The high temperature deformation and failure of oxide ceramics are also examined with reference to
diffusion processes.
Non-Isothermal Devitrification Study of Wollastonite-Tricalcium Phosphate Bioeutectic® Glass
Authors: Magallanes-Perdomo M. , García Carrodeguas R. , Pena P. , De Aza P.N. , De Aza S. , De Aza A.H.
Published: March 2009

This document describes and discusses the non-isothermal devitrification process of the wollastonite-tricalcium phosphate (W-TCP) eutectic glass. This eutectic glass has been studied in situ, from room temperature up to 1375 °C, by Neutron Diffractometry (ND) in vacuum. The data obtained were complemented and compared with those performed on ambient atmosphere by Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and with those of samples fired in air, at selected temperatures, and then cooled down and subsequently studied by laboratory X-ray Powder Diffraction (LXRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) fitted with Energy X-Ray Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). Selected samples have been investigated by quantitative full-phase analysis (including the amorphous content) using the Rietveld method. The experimental evidence indicates that the devitrification of W-TCP eutectic glass, begins at ~870°C, with the crystallization of a Ca-deficient apatite phase (Ca9.92(P5.85O23.54)(OH)2.03 (H2O)2.194) followed by wollastonite-2M (-CaSiO3) crystallization at 1006°C. At 1375°C the bio glassceramic is comprised of quasi-rounded colonies formed by a homogeneous mixture of pseudowollastonite (-CaSiO3) and -tricalcium phosphate (-Ca3(PO4)2). This microstructure corresponds to irregular eutectic structures and is similar to that of Bioeutectic® W-TCP material obtained previously, via controlled slow solidification of the eutectic composition, by some of the present authors. It has also been found that from the eutectic composition of the wollastonite – tricalcium phosphate binary system is possible to obtain a wide range of bio glass-ceramics through appropriate design of thermal treatments.
Histomorphometric Analysis of Bone Repair in Critical Size Defect in Rats Calvaria Treated with Hydroxyapatite and Zinc-Containing Hydroxyapatite 5%
Authors: Fernandes G.V.O. , Calasans-Maia Monica , Mitri F.F. , Bernardo Vagner Gonçalves , Rossi Antonella M. , Almeida G.D.S. , Granjeiro José Mauro
Published: March 2009

Biomaterials for treatment of bone defects have been studied for a long time. Alloplastic materials, mainly hydroxyapatite (HA), are under intense investigation due to its biocompatibility and osteoconductive properties. The HA can be modified by the incorporation of bivalent cations as Zn2+ known as a positive effectors for bone repair. The purpose of this study was to evaluate comparatively the effectiveness of 5% zinc-containing hydroxyapatite (ZnHA) in the treatment of critical size defect (CSD) in rat’s calvaria. CSD (8mm diameter) created in the skull of forty-five Wistar rats were filled with autogenous bone, HA and ZnHA. Skulls harvested after 30, 90 and 180 days were submitted to histological processing for paraffin embedding. Sections of 5 µm-thick stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) allowed histomorphometric analysis. The area of neoformed bone increased (p<0.001) from 30 to 180 days irrespective to treatment groups. ZnHA and the control group showed a large at 180 days but no significant difference compared to HA. Therefore, we concluded that both biomaterials are biocompatibles and osteoconductors, promoting new bone formation and apposition of bone on the surface throughout the periods and the addition of zinc improved the osteogenesis.
Integration Mechanisms towards Hard Tissue of Ca-Aluminate Based Biomaterials
Authors: Hermansson Leif , Lööf Jesper , Jarmar Tobias
Published: March 2009

Six mechanisms have been identified, which control how Ca-aluminate materials are integrated onto tissue; 1) Main reaction, the hydration step of CA, 2) Apatite formation in presence of phosphate ions in the biomaterial, 3) Apatite formation in the contact zone in presence of body liquid, 4) Transformation of hydrated Ca-aluminate into apatite and gibbsite, 5) Biological induced integration and ingrowth, i.e. bone formation at the contact zone, and 6) Mass increase reaction, especially important when un-hydrated CA is used as coatings or as augmentation pastes. These six mechanisms affect the integration differently depending on a) what type of tissue the biomaterial is in contact with, b) in what state (un-hydrated or hydrated) the CA is introduced, and c) what type of application is aimed at (cementation, dental fillings, endodontic fillings, sealants, coatings and augmentation products). Both a pure nanostructural mechanically controlled integration, and a chemically induced integration seem plausible.
In Vitro Characterization / Degradation of Two Bioglasses Used as Synthetic Alloplasts for Bone Grafting
Authors: Rodrigues Coimbra Maria Elisa , Elias Carlos Nelson , Coelho Paulo Guilherme
Published: March 2009

The objective of this study was to physico/chemically characterize a commercially available and a newly developed Bioglass and also to evaluate their degradation properties. Materials and Method: Two bioresorbable glasses were utilized, a bioglass synthesized at Chemical Engineering College (University of São Paulo, Lorena, São Paulo) (BG1), and the other bioglass utilized was Biogran (BG2) (3i Implant Innovations, Brazil). Particles size distribution histograms were developed for both materials, and then they were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) before and after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 30, 60, and 90 days. Results: The particle size distribution showed that the mean particle diameters at 10%, 50%, and 90% of the total volume were 17.65, 66.18, and 114.71 µm for BG1, and 354.54, 437.5, 525.00 µm for BG2. SEM images of BG1 showed that the as-received material had a rough surface and as the time of degradation elapsed, this surface became smooth. The images of BG2 showed that the as-received material also had a rough surface, and after immersion in SBF, the material’s crystalline content/morphology could be observed. The X-ray diffraction recorded that BG1 showed a silica peak, not seen at BG2. FTIR revealed that both bioglasses were of similar composition, except for the CO3-carbonate minor peak, present at the BG2 sample. Conclusions: 1. The particle size distribution showed a polydispersed pattern for both materials. 2. The material suffered degradation, and the decomposition increased as a function of immersion in SBF. 3. Both bioglasses had similar composition.
Fabrication of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Foam Granular and its Initial Evaluation Using Beagle Dogs
Authors: Kunio Ishikawa , Shimogoryo Ryouji , Wakae Hanae , Takeuchi Akari , Matsuya Shigeki
Published: March 2009

Biphasic calcium phosphate foam consisting of core aTCP covered with carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) was fabricated based on the compositional transformation by exposing aTCP foam to (NH4)2HPO4 aqueous solution at 200 °C for 90min in order to understand the effect on bone formation rate and granule remaining ratio. The BCP foam was gently crushed and sieved to prepare foam granular. Bone defects made at the mandible of beagle dog were reconstructed with aTCP, BCP and CO3Ap foam granular. 3 months after surgery, bone reconstruction rate of the BCP and CO3Ap were 159.7±28.6% and 169.0±29.7% whereas those of aTCP and blood clot group were 89.5±14.7% and 85.2±13.2%, respectively, and no further increase was observed at 6 month. On the other hand, granular remaining ratio was 3.0±1.7%, 3.1±1.8%, 6.9±2.0% for BCP, aTCP and CO3Ap foam granular, respectivly. We concluded therefore, BCP foam granular could be an ideal bone substitute since it alllows large porosity, at least similar bone formation ratio to CO3Ap and faster replacement to bone.