bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
No increased risk of tuberculosis‐related immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome with integrase inhibitor‐based antiretroviral therapy in people withHIV with profound immunosuppression
Authors: Chan Chi Kuen , Huang Shan Shan , Wong Ka Hing , Leung Chi Chiu , Lee Man Po , Tsang Tak Yin , Wong Chun Kwan Bonnie , Lee Shuk Nor , Law Wing Sze , Tai Lai Bun
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The issue of whether integrase inhibitors (INSTIs) may confer a higher risk of paradoxical tuberculosis‐related immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB‐IRIS) compared with other classes of antiretroviral in people with HIV with a profound level of immunosuppression remains insufficiently explored. We aimed to assess whether such a higher risk exists by examining a cohort of patients with TB‐HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Hong Kong.

Methods

This was a retrospective review of 133 patients registered in the TB‐HIV Registry of the Department of Health during the period 2014–2021.

Results

Sixteen of 70 patients (22.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 13.0–32.7) and 14 of 63 patients (22.2%; 95% CI 12.0–32.5) from the INSTI and non‐INSTI groups experienced TB‐IRIS (p = 0.920). The median intervals between ART initiation and IRIS among patients from the two groups were similar (3 weeks [interquartile range IQR 2.0–7.8] vs. 4 weeks [IQR 2.0–5.1],p = 0.620). The proportion of patients requiring steroid therapy were similar, as were the hospitalization rates. There was no IRIS‐related death in either group. The risk of TB‐IRIS with INSTI versus non‐INSTI was also similar in a stratified analysis in a subgroup of patients with a baseline CD4 count of <50 μL (10/33 [30.3%; 95% CI 14.6–46.0] vs. 10/22 [45.5%; 95% CI 24.7–66.3],p = 0.252) and another subgroup of patients with ART initiated within 4 weeks of anti‐TB treatment (10/26 [38.5%; 95% CI 19.8–57.2] vs. 10/23 [43.5%; 95% CI 23.2–63.7],p = 0.721).

Conclusion

Our cohort study did not offer support for an increased risk of TB‐IRIS with INSTIs compared with non‐INSTIs, even in severely immunocompromised people with HIV.
Impact of the incorporation of the edible seaweeds Saccharina latissima and Alaria esculenta on the physicochemical, functional and sensory properties of yoghurt
Authors: Rodríguez Martha Paola Rivera , Tremblay Ariane , Tsamo Claudine Valérie Passo , Berger Karine , Labrie Steve , Beaulieu Lucie
Published: August 2024

The impact of the addition of seaweed to yoghurt was evaluated on its physicochemical, functional and sensory properties. Two different species of brown macroalgae, Saccharina latissima (blanched or not) and Alaria esculenta, were added in four different concentrations (0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% and 1%) and in two different forms (flakes and powder). The titratable acidity of all yoghurt samples formulated with blanched Saccharina was similar to the control. However, formulations with blanched Saccharina exhibited higher syneresis than the control. Most yoghurt samples containing Alaria at higher concentrations exhibited a lower firmness than the control. Seaweed addition had a significant impact on the colour of yoghurt samples. Quantitative descriptive analysis and hedonic evaluation performed by a trained panel showed that changes in physicochemical properties influenced the organoleptic characteristics of yoghurt samples. Yoghurt samples formulated with 0.25% S. latissima and 0.50% A. esculenta in flakes were selected as the most promising formulations.
Clustering Longitudinal Data: A Review of Methods and Software Packages
Authors: Lu Zihang
Published: August 2024

Clustering of longitudinal data is becoming increasingly popular in many fields such as social sciences, business, environmental science, medicine and healthcare. However, it is often challenging due to the complex nature of the data, such as dependencies between observations collected over time, missingness, sparsity and non‐linearity, making it difficult to identify meaningful patterns and relationships among the data. Despite the increasingly common application of cluster analysis for longitudinal data, many existing methods are still less known to researchers, and limited guidance is provided in choosing between methods and software packages. In this paper, we review several commonly used methods for clustering longitudinal data. These methods are broadly classified into three categories, namely, model‐based approaches, algorithm‐based approaches and functional clustering approaches. We perform a comparison among these methods and their corresponding R software packages using real‐life datasets and simulated datasets under various conditions. Findings from the analyses and recommendations for using these approaches in practice are discussed.
Making space for time: Strategies for the design of time‐aware hybrid work
Authors: Griva Anastasia , Chandra Kruse Leona , Hattinger Monika , Högberg Karin , Pappas Ilias O. , Conboy Kieran
Published: August 2024

Time is central to many debates about hybrid work‐ the impact on speed and productivity, commute times, and synchronisation of work. However, we argue that time is often over‐simplified in extant hybrid work literature and tends to ignore many temporal concepts that capture the inherently complex, multi‐faceted, subtle, and socially embedded nature of time. To address this issue, we conducted studies of five hybrid work teams across two large organisations. The paper contributes to current research on hybrid work by (i) illustrating the various temporal concepts that may be considered in the design of hybrid work environments, as well as the impact of considering or not considering them; (ii) illustrating how these temporal concepts in a physical space can be augmented in the digital space, rather than assuming the digital space should simply represent the physical; and (iii) providing a framework for the consideration of time–aware hybrid work. We hope to spark scientific interest in studying the temporal nuances of hybrid work but also the temporal aspects of design in other areas.
Aqueous extract of Descuraniae Semen attenuates lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammation by inhibiting ER stress and WNK4‐SPAK‐NKCC1 pathway
Authors: Hsieh Po‐Chun , Huang Kun‐Lun , Peng Chung‐Kan , Wu Yao‐Kuang , Liu Guan‐Ting , Kuo Chan‐Yen , Wang Ming‐Chieh , Lan Chou‐Chin
Published: August 2024

Sepsis causes systemic inflammatory responses and acute lung injury (ALI). Despite modern treatments, sepsis‐related ALI mortality remains high. Aqueous extract of Descuraniae Semen (AEDS) exerts anti‐endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects. AEDS alleviates inflammation and oedema in ALI. Sodium‐potassium‐chloride co‐transporter isoform 1 (NKCC1) is essential for regulating alveolar fluid and is important in ALI. The NKCC1 activity is regulated by upstream with‐no‐lysine kinase‐4 (WNK4) and STE20/SPS1‐related proline/alanine‐rich kinase (SPAK). This study aimed to investigate the effects of AEDS on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced ALI model in A549 cells, considering the regulation of ER stress, WNK4‐SPAK‐NKCC1 cascades, inflammation and apoptosis. Cell viability was investigated by the CCK‐8 assay. The expressions of the proteins were assessed by immunoblotting analysis assays. The levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines were determined by ELISA. The expression of cytoplasmic Ca2+ in A549 cells was determined using Fluo‐4 AM. AEDS attenuates LPS‐induced inflammation, which is associated with increased pro‐inflammatory cytokine expression and activation of the WNK4‐SPAK‐NKCC1 pathway. AEDS inhibits the WNK4‐SPAK‐NKCC1 pathway by regulating of Bcl‐2, IP3R and intracellular Ca2+. WNK4 expression levels are significantly higher in the WNK4‐overexpressed transfected A549 cells and significantly decrease after AEDS treatment. AEDS attenuates LPS‐induced inflammation by inhibiting the WNK4‐SPAK‐NKCC1 cascade. Therefore, AEDS is regarded as a potential therapeutic agent for ALI.
Diabetes mellitus exacerbates inflammation in a murine model of ligature‐induced peri‐implantitis: A histological and microtomographic study
Authors: Silva Davi N. A. , Monajemzadeh Sepehr , Casarin Maísa , Chalmers Jaclyn , Lubben Jacob , Magyar Clara E. , Tetradis Sotirios , Pirih Flavia Q.
Published: August 2024

Aim

To investigate the influence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in a murine model of peri‐implantitis (PI).

Materials and Methods

Twenty‐seven 4‐week‐old C57BL/6J male mice had their first and second maxillary left molars extracted. Eight weeks later, one machined implant was placed in each mouse. Four weeks after osseointegration, the mice were divided into three groups: (a) control (C), (b) PI and (c) DM + PI. DM was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) administration. After DM induction, PI was induced using ligatures for 2 weeks. The hemimaxillae were collected for micro‐CT and histological analyses. The primary outcomes consisted of linear (mm) and volumetric (mm3) bone loss. Secondary outcomes were based on histological analysis and included inflammatory infiltrate, osteoclastic activity, matrix organization, composition and remodelling. Data are presented as means ± SEM. Statistical analyses were performed using one‐way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test.

Results

Gingival tissue oedema was detected in the PI and DM + PI groups. Micro‐CT showed significantly increased linear and volumetric bone loss in the DM + PI group compared to the C and PI groups. H&E staining showed greater inflammatory response and bone resorption in the PI and DM + PI groups than in the C group. The DM + PI group had significantly higher osteoclast numbers than the C and PI groups. Picrosirius red stained less for types I and III collagen in the PI and DM + PI groups than in the C group. There was a significant increase in monocyte/macrophage (CD‐11b) counts and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP‐2 and MMP‐8) marker levels and a significant decrease in the matrix metalloproteinases inhibition marker (TIMP‐2) levels in the DM + PI group compared to the C and PI groups.

Conclusions

DM exacerbates PI‐induced soft‐tissue inflammation, matrix degradation and bone loss.
Causal association between cystatin C and diabetic retinopathy: A two‐sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Ruan Yimeng , Zhang Ping , Li Xiangzhe , Jia Xinru , Yao Dongwei
Published: August 2024

Objective

To explore the causal relationship between cystatin C levels and different stages of diabetic retinopathy through Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods

The MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit provided the Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) data related to cystatin C (exposure). GWAS data for outcomes [DR, proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), severe non‐proliferative background diabetic retinopathy (SNPBDR)] were sourced from the FinnGen. Adopted Inverse Variance Weighting (IVW), MR‐Egger regression MR‐PRESSO, Weighted Median, Constrained Maximum Likelihood and Model Averaging (cML‐MA), Weighted model, Radial MR, and MR‐Lasso to estimate the causal relationship between cystatin C and diabetic retinopathy. We conducted multivariable MR analysis to evaluate the independent causal effects of cystatin C levels on diabetic retinopathy.

Results

Based on the IVW method, we observed a causal relationship between cystatin C and diabetic retinopathy [odds ratio (OR)random effect = 1.137, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.035–1.250]/PDR (ORrandom effect = 1.123, 95%CI: 1.004–1.255)/SNPBDR (ORfixed effect = 2.002, 95%CI: 1.343–2.986). Consistent findings were obtained through the cML‐MA method. Cochran's Q test suggested the presence of heterogeneity between the cystatin C level and instrumental variables in relation to diabetic retinopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy, respectively. After adjusting for outliers using MR‐PRESSO and Radial MR, it was observed that the statistical significance of the association between cystatin C level and diabetic retinopathy persists. Reverse MR analysis indicated that genetically related SNPBDR may influence the cystatin C level. In multivariable MR analysis, there were indications suggesting a causal relationship of cystatin C with the risk of DR/PDR/SNPBDR adjusting for confounders.

Conclusions

This study utilizes Mendelian randomization analyses to establish a causal relationship between cystatin C and diabetic retinopathy, and reveals the impact of cystatin C on the risk of diabetic retinopathy, thus providing new evidence for clinical intervention of diabetic retinopathy.
Mortality events associated with microsporidian, Spraguea sp., in White Trevally culture in Japan
Authors: Kurobe Tomofumi , Kiryu Ikunari
Published: August 2024

In 2021, White Trevally or Striped Jack cultured in the western part of Japan exhibited mild, but chronic mortalities from late September through early October. The cumulative mortality rate was approximately 0.02% per a net pen containing approximately 50,000 fish. Although the cumulative mortality rate was not high, most of the fish in net pens showed characteristic gross signs and an abnormal swimming behaviour. The body of diseased fish became pale and the yellow lines on the lateral sides of fish body became darken. In addition, silver lines along the dorsal fin became apparent. Loss of schooling behaviour was noted during the mortality event. In addition, affected fish became lethargic and failed to swim against current, or frequently stopped swimming and sank to the bottom of net pens after feeding. The goal of this study was to identify the cause of the mortality event. To achieve the goal, we used histopathology and metatranscriptome analysis. Histopathological examination revealed that xenoma of microsporidian were frequently observed in the nerve axon in the brain and spinal cord. Spores observed in the sections were stained with a fluorescent dye, Uvitex 2B, indicating those spores are microsporidian. The data from metatranscriptome analysis indicated that the microsporidian is Spraguea sp. The microsporidian was frequently detected from diseased fish with similar symptoms collected in the same region, suggesting that the microsporidian was highly associated with abnormal swimming behaviour of fish.
Making the leap from idea generation to implementation: Ten steps every geriatrics specialist should know
Authors: Agarwal Nimit , Pagali Sandeep R. , Sharma Kanishk D. , Walke Lisa M.
Published: August 2024

This is an exciting time in Geriatrics, with numerous opportunities in health care for Geriatrics specialists to innovate and lead. Geriatrics specialists should know how to implement innovative care models to lead healthcare changes in their organizations and effectively facilitate change management. We highlight a 10‐step framework that Geriatrics specialists can leverage to quickly move their ideas from development to implementation at a system level. This framework adapts concepts from business management to provide a step‐by‐step guide to move from idea generation to implementation. We provide different practical examples that a Geriatrician can correlate to in their practice, including value proposition and business canvas model. Though small components of the business canvas model may vary based on organization and program/idea‐specific needs, the outlined skills will establish Geriatrics specialists as leaders of change, a resource for education, and valued consultants to a health system that is in dire need of direction to improve the quality of care, and health outcomes, for older adults.
Biodiversity impact assessment for finance
Authors: Kulionis Viktoras , Pfister Stephan , Fernandez Jeanne
Published: August 2024

Biodiversity loss, driven by human activities, significantly affects the environment, human societies, and economies. Using the extended multi‐regional input–output (EEMRIO) and life cycle assessment (LCA) techniques, we offer insights into how these methodologies can be used to inform financial decisions related to biodiversity focusing on two key aspects: biodiversity impacts and ecosystem service dependencies. Our method combines spatially explicit characterization factors from LC‐IMPACT with the Global Resource Input‐Output Assesment (GLORIA) database to estimate biodiversity impacts. As a case study we assess the biodiversity impact of the MSCI All Country World Index (MSCI ACWI)  which consist of about 3000 large‐ and mid‐sized companies, from 23 developed and 24 emerging countries. The results demonstrate that most of the biodiversity impact is caused in the Americas, followed by Asia, despite its low representation in the index's country weight (6%). Europe shows the least impact. These results emphasize the need to account for global supply chain linkages as products sold in one country might have significant biodiversity impacts elsewhere due to sourcing of production inputs. Second, our results identify the main determinants of the index's impact: land use, followed by water stress and climate change. Although most of the impact is localized in few sectors, the distinct characteristics of these sectors require industry‐specific mitigation approaches. Finally, double materiality results show both, the influence companies have on biodiversity and the reciprocal effects. Companies neglecting these impacts risk financial setbacks, making it a crucial concern for investors.
A Divisia Measure of the Money Supply for Mexico
Authors: COLUNGA‐RAMOS LUIS FERNANDO , VALCARCEL VICTOR J.
Published: August 2024

We produce the first measure of Divisia money for Mexico. Various structural VAR identifications with Divisia M4 as an indicator of monetary policy yield responses of production and prices that are in every case at least as sensible as—and generally offer an improvement over—their counterpart specifications with a short‐term offer rate as the indicator. Importantly, we find that our Divisia specifications do not require expanding the model's information set with commodity prices or the real exchange rate for a resolution of the price puzzle. We reach similar conclusions for Mexico to those Keating et al. (2019) arrive at for the U.S. economy.
Morphometry and skeletopy of kidneys and renal vessels in marmoset (Callithrix spp.)
Authors: Dünkel‐Duarte Rafaela , Estruc Thais Mattos , do Nascimento Renata Medeiros , Pissinatti Alcides , Souza‐Júnior Paulo de , dos Santos‐Sousa Carlos Augusto , Abidu‐Figueiredo Marcelo
Published: August 2024

Background

Marmosets, Callithrix spp, are small New World monkeys that have gained importance as an experimental animal model for human. Despite its use, information on its renal morphometry, vascularization, and location are limited. Therefore, this study will supply basic anatomy for applied studies and for comparative anatomy.

Methods

Fifty cadavers of Callithrix spp were collected on highways from the Atlantic Forest biome, identified and injected with a 10% formaldehyde solution. Later, the specimens were dissected and the measurements and topography of the kidneys and renal vessels were recorded. Both left and right kidneys were significantly larger in females.

Results

In the specimens studied, the average body length was 20.00 ± 2.46 cm in males and 20.50 ± 1.98 cm in females (p = .43). The kidneys of the Callithrix spp. were symmetrical in shape and resembled a “bean.” They were also pale brown with a smooth surface. In males, the most frequent location of the right kidney was at the L1–L2 level (92%), while the location of the left kidney was between L2 and L3 (76%). In females, the most frequent location of the right kidney was at the L1–L2 level (56%), while the location of the left kidney was between L2 and L3 (32%) (Table 1). However, in seven (28%) males and nine (36%) females, the kidneys were at the same level.

Conclusions

In both sexes, there was a positive and significant linear correlation between body length and kidney length. Regardless of the variable location of the kidneys in both sides and in either sexe, the right kidney was always located more cranially than the left, similar to observations in other non‐human primates.
Myosin superfamily members during myelin formation and regeneration
Authors: Yamazaki Reiji , Ohno Nobuhiko
Published: August 2024

Myelin is an insulator that forms around axons that enhance the conduction velocity of nerve fibers. Oligodendrocytes dramatically change cell morphology to produce myelin throughout the central nervous system (CNS). Cytoskeletal alterations are critical for the morphogenesis of oligodendrocytes, and actin is involved in cell differentiation and myelin wrapping via polymerization and depolymerization, respectively. Various protein members of the myosin superfamily are known to be major binding partners of actin filaments and have been intensively researched because of their involvement in various cellular functions, including differentiation, cell movement, membrane trafficking, organelle transport, signal transduction, and morphogenesis. Some members of the myosin superfamily have been found to play important roles in the differentiation of oligodendrocytes and in CNS myelination. Interestingly, each member of the myosin superfamily expressed in oligodendrocyte lineage cells also shows specific spatial and temporal expression patterns and different distributions. In this review, we summarize previous findings related to the myosin superfamily and discuss how these molecules contribute to myelin formation and regeneration by oligodendrocytes.

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Best evidence summary for aspiration prevention and management in critically ill patients with nasogastric feeding
Authors: Wang Aihua , Yang Juan , Jiang Lingli , Chen Juan , Ma Yuan , Wang YongHua
Published: August 2024

Aim

To evaluate and summarize the available evidence on the prevention and management of nasogastric aspiration in critically ill patients to inform the development of evidence‐based clinical practice.

Design

This study was an evidence summary according to the evidence summary reporting standard of the Fudan University Center for Evidence‐Based Nursing.

Method

According to the ‘6S’ model of evidence resources, evidence on the prevention and management of aspiration in critically ill patients on nasogastric feeding was retrieved, including clinical decision‐making, best practices, guidelines, evidence summaries, expert consensus and systematic evaluations.

Data

UpToDate, BMJ Best Practice, JBI, National Guideline Clearing‐house, Guidelines International Network, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Registered Nurses Association of Ontario, Yi Mai tong Guidelines Network, the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, OVID, Sinomed, CNKI, Wan Fang database. The search period was from January 2013 to June 2023.

Results

We included a total of 30 high‐quality articles and summarized 36 pieces of evidence from them. These pieces of evidence covered 11 dimensions of multidisciplinary management, aspiration risk assessment, tube location, nutritional infusion management, position management, airway management, and oral hygiene. The level of evidence in the study was predominantly level 1 and level 5, with 27 pieces of evidence recommended as ‘strong’ and 9 pieces of evidence recommended as ‘weak’.

Conclusion

This study summarizes 36 pieces of evidence on preventing and managing aspiration in critically ill patients with nasogastric feeding. But the characteristics of hospitals should be considered in the application of future evidence.

Impact

Aspiration is the most serious complication during nasogastric feeding, which seriously affects the prognosis of patients. Preventing and managing aspiration in nasogastric patients has proven to be a challenging clinical problem. This study summarized 36 pieces of best evidence in 11 dimensions, including multidisciplinary team, assessment and identification, line position, feeding management, and so on. The implementation of these evidences is conducive to standardizing the operation behaviour of nasogastric feeding in clinical medical staff and reducing the occurrence of aspiration.

Reporting Method

This research followed the evidence summary reporting specifications of the Fudan University Center for Evidence‐based Nursing.

Trial Registration

The registration number is ‘ES20221368’.
Maxillectomy patients' speech and performance of contemporary speaker‐independent automatic speech recognition platforms in Japanese
Authors: Ali Ahmed Sameir Mohamed , Masaki Keita , Hattori Mariko , Sumita Yuka I. , Wakabayashi Noriyuki
Published: August 2024

Background

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) can potentially help older adults and people with disabilities reduce their dependence on others and increase their participation in society. However, maxillectomy patients with reduced speech intelligibility may encounter some problems using such technologies.

Objectives

To investigate the accuracy of three commonly used ASR platforms when used by Japanese maxillectomy patients with and without their obturator placed.

Methods

Speech samples were obtained from 29 maxillectomy patients with and without their obturator and 17 healthy volunteers. The samples were input into three speaker‐independent speech recognition platforms and the transcribed text was compared with the original text to calculate the syllable error rate (SER). All participants also completed a conventional speech intelligibility test to grade their speech using Taguchi's method. A comprehensive articulation assessment of patients without their obturator was also performed.

Results

Significant differences in SER were observed between healthy and maxillectomy groups. Maxillectomy patients with an obturator showed a significant negative correlation between speech intelligibility scores and SER. However, for those without an obturator, no significant correlations were observed. Furthermore, for maxillectomy patients without an obturator, significant differences were found between syllables grouped by vowels. Syllables containing /i/, /u/ and /e/ exhibited higher error rates compared to those containing /a/ and /o/. Additionally, significant differences were observed when syllables were grouped by consonant place of articulation and manner of articulation.

Conclusion

The three platforms performed well for healthy volunteers and maxillectomy patients with their obturator, but the SER for maxillectomy patients without their obturator was high, rendering the platforms unusable. System improvement is needed to increase accuracy for maxillectomy patients.
Comparison of implant placement at crestal and subcrestal levels in aesthetic zone: A finite element analysis
Authors: Özer Taha , Acar Gülin
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The success rate of the implant treatment, including aesthetics and long‐term survival, relies heavily on preserving crestal peri‐implant bone, as it determines the stability and long‐term outcomes. This study aimed to demonstrate the stress differences in the crestal bone resulting from dental implant placement at various depths relative to the crestal bone level using finite element analysis.

Materials and Methods

Three study models were prepared for implant placement at the crestal bone level (CL), 1 mm depth (SL‐1), and 2 mm depth (SL‐2). Implants were placed in the maxillary central incisor region of each model, and 100 N vertical and oblique forces were applied. The von Mises, maximum principal (tensile), and minimum principal (compressive) stresses were evaluated.

Results

The CL model exhibited the highest stresses on the implant, abutment, and abutment screws under vertical and oblique forces. For maximum principal stress in the crestal bone under vertical force, the SL‐2, SL‐1, and CL models recorded values of 6.56, 6.26, and 5.77 MPa, respectively. Under oblique forces, stress values for SL‐1, SL‐2, and CL were 25.3, 24.91, and 23.76 MPa, respectively. The CL model consistently exhibited the lowest crestal bone stress at all loads and the highest stress values on the implant and its components. Moreover, considering the yield strengths of the materials, no mechanical or physiological complications were noted.

Conclusions

Placing the implant at the crestal level or subcrestally beyond the cortical layer could potentially reduce stress and minimize crestal bone loss. However, further studies are warranted for confirmation.
People with intellectual disabilities as peer trainers and their coaches: Impact and experiences in a Dutch training course
Authors: den Boer Maria C. , Giesbers Sanne A. H. , de Beer Mireille G. D. , van Beurden Kayleigh , Embregts Petri J. C. M.
Published: August 2024

The value of experts by experience within the field of intellectual disabilities is receiving greater recognition. This study explored the experiences of peer trainers regarding the impact of being a (1) trainee in a train the trainer course (n = 9), and (2) peer trainer in a Dutch training course (n = 6) aimed towards the self‐growth of people with intellectual disabilities. In addition to examining the experiences of peer trainers themselves, we investigated the perspective of coaches (n = 4) regarding the experiences of peer trainers. Peer trainers and coaches were questioned using individual and group interviews. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Three themes were identified: (1) Growing and flourishing, (2) Performing a meaningful role for your peer and (3) Experiencing reciprocity and a sense of belonging. Working as a peer trainer was valuable and produced several benefits, ranging from increased self‐confidence to feelings of belonging and reciprocity.
The association between taurine concentrations and dog characteristics, clinical variables, and diet in English cocker spaniels: The Canine taURinE (CURE) project
Authors: Kriström Karin , Häggström Jens , Fascetti Andrea J. , Ström Lena , Dirven Mark , Yu Joshua , Essén Titti Sjödal , Tidholm Anna , Pion Paul D. , Ljungvall Ingrid
Published: August 2024

Background

Occurrence of low blood taurine concentrations (B‐TauC) and predisposing factors to taurine deficiency in English Cocker Spaniels (ECS) are incompletely understood.

Objectives

Investigate the occurrence of low B‐TauC in a Swedish population of ECS and evaluate the association between B‐TauC and dog characteristics, clinical variables, and diet composition.

Animals

One‐hundred eighty privately owned ECS.

Methods

Dogs were prospectively recruited and underwent physical examination, blood analyses, and echocardiographic and ophthalmic examinations. Dogs with clinical signs of congestive heart failure (CHF) also underwent thoracic radiography. Taurine concentrations were analyzed in plasma (EDTA and heparin) and whole blood. Diets consumed by the dogs at the time of the examination were analyzed for dietary taurine‐ (D‐TauC), cysteine‐ (D‐CysC), and methionine concentrations (D‐MetC).

Results

Fifty‐three of 180 dogs (29%) had low B‐TauC, of which 13 (25%) dogs had clinical and radiographic signs of CHF, increased echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) dimensions and volumes, and impaired LV systolic function. Five (9%) dogs with low B‐TauC had retinal abnormalities. Dietary MetC, dietary animal protein source (red/white meat), and age were associated with B‐TauC in the final multivariable regression model (P < .001, R2adj = .39).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Low B‐TauC suggests that taurine deficiency may play a role in the development of myocardial failure and CHF in ECS. Low D‐MetC and diets with red meat as the animal protein source were associated with low B‐TauC. Dogs with B‐TauC below the normal reference range were older than dogs with normal concentrations.
Continuous sampling of healthy and mastitic quarters of lactating cattle by ultrafiltration after intramammary ceftiofur hydrochloride administration
Authors: Mzyk Danielle A. , Halleran Jennifer L. , Sylvester Hannah J. , Giles Claire B. , Jacob Megan E. , Baynes Ronald E. , Foster Derek M.
Published: August 2024

Background

Pharmacological activity of intramammary drugs depends on adequate drug concentrations within the cistern, but sampling is often limited. Insight into the active drug concentration within the mammary cistern may assist in determining effective and appropriate therapeutic decisions for cows being treated for mastitis.

Objective

Evaluate the disposition of ceftiofur hydrochloride administered intramammary in diseased and nondiseased quarters. Whole milk and ultrafiltrate sampling techniques were compared.

Animals

Ten mature, late lactation Holstein (n = 9) and Jersey (n = 1) dairy cows (422‐670 kg) with naturally occurring clinical mastitis, producing between 1.4 and 15.9 kg/day of milk.

Methods

Ultrafiltration probes were placed in both mastitic and healthy quarters. Each quarter was treated with 2 doses of 125 mg ceftiofur hydrochloride suspension, and whole milk and milk ultrafiltrate samples were collected. Ceftiofur concentrations in composite whole milk and milk ultrafiltrate were analyzed.

Results

The maximum concentration of ceftiofur was higher in ultrafiltrate samples, but no differences were identified in healthy or mastitic quarters. The use of ultrafiltration probes provides a novel technique for free drug concentrations within the mastitic and healthy bovine mammary gland.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Significant inter‐ and intracow variability and lower daily milk weights may overestimate ceftiofur concentrations available within the cistern. The pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters reported in milk ultrafiltrate will help establish a link between the PK and the corresponding drug effect, potentially providing a meaningful rationale for the selection of a safe and effective dose in cows with mastitis.
Vertebrate scavenging in Australia is shaped by a complex interplay of bioregional, seasonal and habitat factors
Authors: Spencer E. E. , Dickman C. R. , Greenville A. , Barton P. , Ritchie E. G. , Newsome T. M.
Published: August 2024

Carcass scavenging by vertebrates is a critical ecosystem service that is influenced by environmental factors such as season and habitat. However, there is limited understanding of the role that these factors play in shaping scavenging patterns across different bioregions. We used camera traps to monitor vertebrate scavengers at 120 kangaroo (Family: Macropodidae) carcasses that were positioned across different seasons (warm/cool) and habitats (open/closed canopy) in three disparate desert, subalpine and temperate bioregions in Australia. Our survey identified 27 species that scavenged carcasses and revealed clear differences in scavenging patterns across the three bioregions. Carcass use was highest for feral cats, birds of prey, corvids and red foxes in the desert bioregion; for reptiles and dingoes in the temperate bioregion and for feral pigs, possums and dingoes in the subalpine bioregion. Bioregional differences in scavenger guild composition explained >4.6 times more variation in scavenger guild dissimilarity than season and >9.8 times more variation than habitat. Further, habitat had few effects on scavenger communities or carcass detection and use, whereas season was a strong predictor of these responses. Across bioregions, there were some general seasonal and habitat scavenging trends, with mammals and birds often using carcasses more frequently in cooler seasons and birds detecting carcasses faster in open habitat. However, there was also extensive within‐bioregion seasonal variation. For example, depending on bioregion, some animals scavenged more frequently or detected carcasses faster in warmer seasons (i.e. birds and reptiles). Our results show that vertebrate scavenging is mediated by a complex interplay of environmental variables, especially seasonality, which may operate differently across bioregions. These findings have implications for understanding variability in vertebrate scavenging patterns and, in turn, functionally redundant or complementary scavenging processes.
Justice, community and rememory: opening spaces to (R)econoce(R) en colectiva with texts
Authors: Sambolín Morales Astrid N. , Torres Francisco L. , Medina Carmen L. , Ortiz Raquel M.
Published: August 2024

Drawing from rememory and decolonial theory, this collaborative piece illustrates how three Puerto Rican educators and researchers partnered with a Puerto Rican scholar, activist and children's book author to engage in inquiry cycles. These inquiry cycles centred our general experiences with children's literature and the author's work. After engaging in dialogue and sharing/responding to written reflections, we play with content and form as we unpack our creative‐research journey to ReconoceR—to acknowledge and re‐learn—through storying. By doing so, we engage in transformational actionings to resist the conditions of invisibility, silence and impossibility that sustain coloniality. Through this work, we recognise the centrality of affective spaces and attempt to name those intensities with language. We pivot towards notions of responses to literature as complex understandings of the networks of feelings, experiences and intensities that help us navigate texts and ourselves.
Challenges in herbal‐induced liver injury identification and prevention
Authors: Halegoua‐DeMarzio Dina , Navarro Victor
Published: August 2024

Herbal and dietary supplements (HDS) are being used worldwide at an increasing rate. Mirroring this trend, HDS‐induced liver injury, also known as HDS‐induced liver injury (HILI), has increased significantly over the past three decades in the Drug‐Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN), now accounting for 20% of cases of drug‐induced liver injury (DILI). There are significant challenges in the identification and prevention of HILI due to varying presentations, ability to make clear diagnosis, identification of the responsible ingredient, lack of treatment, and lack of regulatory oversight of HDS products to confirm their ingredients and ensure safety. The major implicated agents include anabolic steroids, green tea extract, garcinia cambogia, kratom, ashwagandha, turmeric and multi‐ingredient nutritional supplements. Fortunately, with the formation of major DILI consortiums across the world, the last decade has seen advances in the identification of at‐risk genetic phenotypes, the use of chemical analysis on multi‐ingredient nutritional supplements, and the publication of data/injury patterns of potentially risky HDS.
Safety and efficacy of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonists in patients with weight regain or insufficient weight loss after metabolic bariatric surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Esparham Ali , Mehri Ali , Dalili Amin , Richards Jesse , Khorgami Zhamak
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Weight regain and insufficient weight loss are major challenges after metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS), affecting patients' comorbidities and quality of life. The current systematic review and meta‐analysis aim to assess the efficacy and safety of GLP‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RA) in patients with weight regain or insufficient weight loss after MBS.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to find the relevant studies.

Results

A total of 19 articles were included. The highest doses of liraglutide and semaglutide were 3 mg per day and 1 mg once weekly, respectively, in the included studies. The mean differences in weight and body mass index after treatment were −7.02 kg or 3.07 kg/m2, −8.65 or −5.22 kg/m2, and −6.99 kg or −3.09 kg/m2 for treatment durations of ≤ 6 months, 6–12 months, and >12 months with liraglutide, respectively. Additionally, weekly semaglutide showed significantly greater weight loss compared to daily liraglutide, with a mean difference of 4.15 kg. Common complications included nausea (19.1%), constipation (8.6%), abdominal pain (3.7%), and vomiting (2.4%).

Conclusion

Using GLP‐1 RA is a safe and effective treatment for weight regain and insufficient weight loss after MBS.
How accurate is predicted root movement achieved in four first‐premolar extraction cases with Invisalign?
Authors: Dai Fanfan , Sang Yanhui , Zeng Jingjing , Wang Hongjian , Pan Yichun , Zhao Jianhui , Xu Tianmin , Shu Guang
Published: August 2024

Objectives

This study aims to compare the achieved and predicted root movements in adults after four first‐premolar extractions and Invisalign treatment.

Materials and Methods

Thirty‐three consecutive adults (22 Class I, 9 Cusp‐to‐cusp Class II and 2 Cusp‐to‐cusp Class III) from a single clinical division who completed the first series of aligners after premolar extractions were included in this retrospective study. A pretreatment cone‐beam computed tomography model was registered onto the pretreatment surface‐scanned dental model (SSDM) to locate the pretreatment root apices of the whole dentition. These were copied and transferred to the predicted and achieved post‐treatment SSDMs to acquire the locations of the predicted and achieved post‐treatment root apices. The differences between predicted and achieved root movements (DPARMs) were tested using the paired t‐test or Wilcoxon signed rank test.

Results

In the anteroposterior direction, posterior root movements of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth were poorly achieved (3.24–5.74 mm DPARMs, p < .05). In the vertical direction, roots of maxillary anterior teeth achieved greater intrusion (0.70–0.93 mm DPARMs, p < .05), while those of mandibular incisors achieved less intrusion (0.57–0.65 mm DPARMs, p < .05) than predicted. In the mediolateral direction, lateral incisor roots did not move distally (−0.65 to −0.96 mm DPARMs, p < .05), while those of canines did not move buccally, compared with the prediction (−0.75 mm DPARMs, p < .05).

Conclusions

In the four first‐premolar extraction treatments with Invisalign, root movements were not achieved as predicted, particularly for anterior teeth in the anteroposterior direction.
Generalised models of the vertebrate eye
Authors: Rozema Jos J.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To present a set of closed‐form analytical equations to create a consistent eye model balance based on clinically measured input parameters in a single step. These models complement the existing iterative approaches in the literature.

Methods

Two different approaches are presented, both considering the cornea and lens as equivalent thin lenses. The first, called the Gaussian model, starts by defining the refractive error as the difference between the axial power (or dioptric distance) and the whole eye power, which can be expanded by filling in the formulas for each power. The resulting equation can be solved for either the refractive error, axial length, corneal power, lens power or the distance between the cornea and the lens as a function of the other four parameters. The second approach uses vergence calculations to provide alternative expressions, assuming that the refractive error is located at the corneal plane. Both models are explored for a biometric range typically found in adult human eyes.

Results

The Gaussian and vergence models each instantly balance the input data into a working eye model over the human physiological range and far beyond as demonstrated in various examples. The equations of the Gaussian model are more complicated, while the vergence model experiences more singularities, albeit in trivial or highly unlikely parameter combinations.

Conclusions

The proposed equations form a flexible and robust platform to create eye models from clinical data. Possible applications lie in creating animal eye models or providing a generic reference for real biometric data and the relationships between the ocular dimensions.
Multiportal Arthroscopy‐assisted Surgical Resection of Diffuse‐type Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumors in the Ankle Joint Yields Favorable Clinical Outcomes: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Zhang Jiayao , Yao Lei , Sun Yiyuan , Li Junqiao , Hu Yunan , Chen Kunhao , Cai Wufeng , Zhang Chenghao , Li Jian , Li Qi
Published: August 2024

Objective

Diffuse‐type tenosynovial giant cell tumors (Dt‐TGCTs) commonly occur in the knee joint and tend to recur postoperatively. However, limited clinical data are available on ankle joint involvement especially associated multiportal arthroscopic treatment outcomes. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical results of multiportal arthroscopy‐assisted resection of Dt‐TGCTs of the ankle.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 33 patients with Dt‐TGCT of the ankle who underwent multiportal arthroscopic treatment between August 2011 and December 2020. Clinical follow‐up included the visual analogue scale (VAS) score, American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, Kofoed score, and recurrence rate to assess surgical outcomes. The number of patients who achieved the patient acceptable symptom state (PASS) based on the AOFAS score was also examined. Additionally, the patients were categorized into two groups based on the final surgical approach: Group A who underwent multiportal arthroscopic synovectomy and Group AO who underwent combined arthroscopic and open surgical excision. Intergroup comparisons were conducted. Intraoperative characteristics, such as the number of patients with involvement of the tarsal tunnel and fibularis tendon and the Outerbridge grading of cartilage damage, were recorded to assess the selection of surgical procedures.

Results

Among the 33 patients, 15 were assigned to Group A, and 18 were in Group AO. The median follow‐up duration for the 33 patients was 77 months (range, 28–142 months). The median VAS score was 1 (range, 0–4), the AOFAS score was 96 (range, 65–100), and the Kofoed score was 96 (range, 67–100). A total of 27 patients (82%) achieved PASS based on AOFAS scores, while five patients (15%) had recurrence. No statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in recurrence rate, follow‐up VAS score, AOFAS score, Kofoed score, or number of patients who reached the PASS (p > 0.05). In the AO group, 16 cases of Dt‐TGCT involved the tarsal tunnel, and 11 cases involved the fibularis tendon. All these patients exhibited extension beyond the joint. In contrast, only one patient in Group A had involvement of the tarsal tunnel. Statistically significant differences were observed between the groups (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that, with the assistance of a multiportal arthroscopic approach, surgical excision of Dt‐TGCT in the ankle resulted in favorable clinical outcomes with a relatively low recurrence rate. Additionally, patients with extra‐articular involvement were more likely to require concomitant open surgery.
The Application of Bidirectional Rapid Reductor in Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis for the Treatment of Proximal Humeral Fractures: A Case Series
Authors: Wu Penghuan , Yang Na , Wu Qiang , Zheng Zhanle , Zhang Yingze
Published: August 2024

Objective

Rapid and effective reduction is difficult for minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) surgery. This study aims to introduce a bidirectional rapid reductor (BRR) designed to assist in the reduction during MIPO surgery for proximal humeral fractures (PHFs).

Methods

This retrospective study was conducted between June 2021 and February 2022 in the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, involving patients diagnosed with PHFs. A detailed technical approach of BRR in MIPO surgery was described, and the patients' outcomes based on postoperative radiographic results including x‐ray postoperative follow‐up, and clinical outcome parameters including visual analogue scale (VAS) and constant‐Murley score at last follow‐up were reported.

Results

A total of 12 patients were included in this study, comprising three males and nine females, with an average age of 67.58 years. The mean operative time was 70.92 min (range 63–80 min). The mean blood loss was 102.27 mL (range 50–300 mL). The mean VAS and constant‐Murley scores at final follow‐up were 0.33 and 88, respectively. All patients had their fractures healed without secondary displacement at last follow‐up. One patient experienced shoulder stiffness post‐operation. There were no adverse events or complications following the use of this technique, such as acromion fracture, nerve or blood vessel injury.

Conclusion

The BRR can assist MIPO for good reduction of PHFs. However, the efficacy should be validated with a large‐sample randomized controlled trial and longer follow‐up.