bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘It’s My Passion and Not Really Like Work’: Balancing Precarity with the Work–Life of a Volunteer Team Leader in the Conservation Sector
Authors: Sandiford Peter John , Green Sally
Published: September 2020

Working with volunteers is a challenging occupation, especially in an environment of increasingly precarious casualisation. Although this trend is evident in other types of work, workers’ engagement with the purpose and mission of volunteerism can particularly emphasise blurred boundaries between the work and non-work spheres, potentially confusing employee identities. Emerging from an ongoing ethnographic study, this account draws on Sally’s precarious experiences as a leader of volunteers in the conservation sector. She reflects on the joys and challenges of leading volunteers in a messy environment of paradoxically interacting overwork and underwork, while highlighting issues of precarity and balance within and beyond her role as employee.
Boundaries of reasoning in cases: The visual psychoanalysis of René Spitz
Authors: Weitzenkorn Rachel
Published: September 2020

This article argues that the foundational separation between psychoanalysis and experimental psychology was challenged in important ways by psychoanalytic infant researchers. Through a close examination of American psychoanalyst René Spitz (1887–1974), it extends John Forrester’s conception of reasoning in cases outside classic psychoanalytic practices. Specifically, the article interrogates the foundations of reasoning in cases—the individual, language, and the doctor–patient relationship—to show how these are reimagined in relation to the structures of American developmental psychology. The article argues that the staunch separation of experimental psychology and psychoanalysis, reiterated by philosophers and historians of psychology, is flimsy at best—and, conversely, that the maintenance of these boundaries enabled the production of a cinematic case study. Spitz created films that used little language and took place outside the consulting room with institutionalized infants. Yet key aspects of the psychoanalytic case, as put forth by John Forrester, were depicted visually. These visual displays of transference, failure, and interpersonal emotions highlight the foundations of what Forrester means by reasoning in cases. The article concludes that Spitz failed at creating classic psychoanalytic evidence, but in so doing stretched the epistemology of the case.
Transient response of the hygro-thermo-elastic field in hollow cylinders under heat-moisture shock via hyperbolic non-Fourier heat conduction and non-Fick diffusion
Authors: Peng Y , Cheng C-M , Chen X-T , Zhang X-Y , Li X-F
Published: September 2020

The classical Fourier heat conduction theory as well as the widely used Fick’s diffusion law predicts an infinite wave velocity. This is physically unrealistic. By generalizing the classical Fourier’s and Fick’s laws, this paper presents a hyperbolic diffusion law to apply heat and moisture coupling. The transient response of the hygro-thermo-elastic field in infinitely long hollow cylinders subjected to sudden heat and moisture shock on the inner and outer surfaces is studied. With the aid of the Laplace transform and the decoupling technique, the closed-form solutions of temperature, moisture, elastic displacement and stresses are determined respectively. The analytical results show that the thermal and moisture relaxation time effect between temperature and moisture is significant for composites. Compared with the classic counterpart, the finite hygrothermal wave speed of the pipe is achieved and decreases with the relaxation time rising. The temperature, moisture, elastic displacement and stresses are calculated. Numerical results are displayed graphically to show the influence of the phase lag of heat/moisture flux on the response of the hygro-thermo-elastic fields. Non-Fourier and non-Fick effects are remarkable between the classic model and hyperbolic hygrothermal coupling model. Some drawbacks induced by the classical Fourier’s and Fick’s laws are averted.
Assessing the effectiveness of traction gels using full-scale and field testing
Authors: White Ben , Hyland-Knight Jack , Lewis Roger
Published: September 2020

Leaf fall during the autumn season creates low adhesion problems on the railways. Traction gels are used to prevent low adhesion, but very little testing has been carried out to assess their performance. Views on their effectiveness vary and their usage is inconsistent across the UK network as a result. This work developed a range of full-scale laboratory and field tests that can be used to assess traction gel performance. The outcomes can lead to increased industry confidence in their ability to mitigate low adhesion, as well as in future product development. It was shown that as a wheel passes over a puddle of traction gel on a rail head, that the gel element is squeezed away leaving the solid particles behind, pick-up on the wheel of particles was also evident. Traction gels were shown to increase traction in full-scale laboratory friction tests in dry and low adhesion conditions. Field brake tests showed that braking was effective in low adhesion and dry conditions with traction gel applied, matching the laboratory test results. The traction gel was also shown to remove a leaf layer, artificially produced by running a DMU over leaf material on a test track. Subsequent work should validate the results on a working railway line during the autumn season.
Real-time path optimization of mobile robots based on improved genetic algorithm
Authors: Wang Minchuan
Published: September 2020

The emergence of intelligent mobile robots has liberated the human labor to a certain extent, especially their abilities to work in harsh environments in place of humans. For intelligent mobile robots, how to achieve fast path optimization is an important issue. In this article, the model establishment method of environmental information collected by robot sensors and the genetic algorithm for real-time optimization of running paths are briefly introduced first, the crossover, mutation probability, and fitness function are improved based on the shortcomings of the traditional genetic algorithm, and then the simulation analysis of the two algorithms is carried out using matrix laboratory (MATLAB) software. The results show that the improved algorithm obtains a smaller length of optimal path, fewer inflection points, and a smaller turning angle, which also converges faster and has a greater degree of fitness. It takes 0.053 s for the traditional algorithm to calculate the optimal path, while the improved algorithm needs 0.013 s. In summary, the improved genetic algorithm can quickly and efficiently calculate the optimal path, which is suitable for real-time path optimization of mobile robots.
An overview of prescribed performance control and its application to spacecraft attitude system
Authors: Wei Caisheng , Chen Qifeng , Liu Jun , Yin Zeyang , Luo Jianjun
Published: September 2020

High-quality control method is of great importance for the attitude determination and maneuvering of spacecraft in the on-orbit servicing technology. Prescribed performance control methodology, as a potential way, has gained considerable attention due to its quantitative description for the transient and steady-state control performance in recent years. Thus, this article constructs a survey for the prescribed performance control methodology along with the detailed analysis of the attitude control methods in the existing reported works. Then, the basic structure of prescribed performance control methodology is discussed in theory, and application to the attitude control of postcapture spacecraft works as an example to further explain the procedure of prescribed performance control methodology. Finally, with consideration of some vital aerospace applications, potential open issues of the prescribed performance control methodology are analyzed.
A tail-based test to detect differential expression in RNA-sequencing data
Authors: Chen Jiong , Mi Xinlei , Ning Jing , He Xuming , Hu Jianhua
Published: September 2020

RNA sequencing data have been abundantly generated in biomedical research for biomarker discovery and other studies. Such data at the exon level are usually heavily tailed and correlated. Conventional statistical tests based on the mean or median difference for differential expression likely suffer from low power when the between-group difference occurs mostly in the upper or lower tail of the distribution of gene expression. We propose a tail-based test to make comparisons between groups in terms of a specific distribution area rather than a single location. The proposed test, which is derived from quantile regression, adjusts for covariates and accounts for within-sample dependence among the exons through a specified correlation structure. Through Monte Carlo simulation studies, we show that the proposed test is generally more powerful and robust in detecting differential expression than commonly used tests based on the mean or a single quantile. An application to TCGA lung adenocarcinoma data demonstrates the promise of the proposed method in terms of biomarker discovery.
Chemical synthesis of nanocomposites via in-situ polymerization of aniline and iodoaniline using exchanged montmorillonite
Authors: Abbas Mokhtaria , Hachemaoui Aicha , Yahiaoui Ahmed , Mourad Abdel-Hamid I , Belfedal Abdelkader , Cherupurakal Nizamudeen
Published: September 2020

The focus of this research is to synthesis different nanocomposites by in situ chemical polymerization. The nanocomposites were prepared by intercalating monomers such as aniline, iodoaniline or combination of aniline and 2-iodoaniline into modified montmorillonite clay. The syntheses were carried out using ammonium persulfate as oxidant with different molar ratios of oxidant to monomer. The resulting nanocomposites were investigated and confirmed by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, XRD, UV-visible, FTIR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and transmission electron microscopy techniques. XRD patterns show that, the intensity of diffraction peaks for polymers/(M-Na) composites are lower than that for (M-Cu). This is attributed to the interaction of montmorillonite with polyaniline (PANI), polyiodoaniline (PIANI) and poly (ANI- co-2-IANI) molecular chains. The FTIR and UV-vis spectroscopic results also confirmed the presence of iodine in the nanocomposite. When looking at the yield of the process, highest yield is obtained for the poly (ANI- co-IANI) (80:20 molar ratio) and the lowest yield is for PANI/M-Na composite.
Role Stress and Affective Commitment: Mediator Analysis of Employee Satisfaction
Authors: Kaur Prabhjot
Published: September 2020

With an emerging competition and advance job requirements, the need to understand the role stress (RS) is becoming apparent. Literature indicates that RS negatively relates to employee attitudes, actions, and satisfaction and emotional commitment. However, it would be very interesting to understand the essential apparatus of role stress (RS)–affective commitment (AC) relationship. For this, the present research also studies the mediating role of employee satisfaction (ES). By using convenience sampling, the present research included 349 employees who work in the service sector of Punjab and Chandigarh. The results were analysed with the help of hierarchical multiple regression and bootstrapping in SPSS to study the intervening effect. The present study shows an empirical confirmation that there is a negative relationship between RS, AC and ES. Findings have also suggested the mediating influence of employee satisfaction in the relationship between RS and AC.
Leg-circle transformable wheel for improved runnability of a lunar rover
Authors: Torisaka Ayako , Eguchi Kohei , Miura Satoshi , Parque Victor , Miyashita Tomoyuki
Published: September 2020

This paper proposes a wheel with a deployable leg that can change the apparent wheel radius to improve the runnability of a rover traversing a lunar surface covered with regolith. The driving force of the wheel was formulated according to terramechanics, and relations for the changing driving force with the different configurations were clarified. The simulated driving forces with the original wheel configuration and extended leg configuration were compared in a single-wheel experiment, and the results confirmed that the proposed extendable leg system exhibited a higher driving force than the original circular wheel. With this system, the rover can use the original wheel state for flat ground surfaces that do not require a high driving force and then switch to the proposed extendable leg system when a high driving force is required, such as escaping from local concave ground or climbing on steep slope. The proposed system is potentially applicable to efficiently traversing irregular surfaces not only on the Moon but also on other planets.
Motivations for PrEP-Related Interpersonal Communication Among Women Who Inject Drugs: A Qualitative Egocentric Network Study
Authors: Felsher Marisa , Koku Emmanuel , Lankenau Stephen , Brady Kathleen , Bellamy Scarlett , Roth Alexis M.
Published: September 2020

A qualitative egocentric social network approach was taken to explore motivations for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)-related communication between women who inject drugs and network members. Eligible participants were HIV-negative, 18 years or older, and participating in a PrEP demonstration project in Philadelphia, PA, USA. The study employed content analysis of in-depth interviews to identify themes related to contextual and relational factors impacting PrEP communication within networks. Participants ( n = 20) named on average three network members, resulting in a total of 57 unique relationships. PrEP conversations occurred within 30 of the 57 relationships, and motivations were to benefit others, to benefit themselves, and due to a sense of obligation. Some conversations also occurred when a peer unexpectedly found their pills. Taking a qualitative approach to network analysis provided a nuanced understanding of how interpersonal characteristics motivated PrEP conversations. Network interventions that facilitate information diffusion and social support may increase PrEP uptake and adherence among women who inject drugs.
POLST Signature Requirements: Responding With Compassion While Ensuring Informed Consent
Authors: Macauley Robert , Tolle Susan
Published: September 2020

The majority of states require the signature of a surrogate decision maker on a POLST form for a patient who lacks decisional capacity. While commendable in its intention to ensure informed consent, in some cases this may lead the surrogate to feel that they are signing their loved one’s “death warrant,” adding to their emotional and spiritual distress. In this paper we argue that such a signature should be recommended rather than required, as it is neither a sufficient nor necessary condition of informed consent. Additional steps—such as requiring the attestation and documentation of the signing health care professional that verbal consent was fully informed and voluntary—can achieve the ultimate goal of respecting patient autonomy without adding to the surrogate’s burden.
Perceptions of Palliative Care: Voices From Rural South Dakota
Authors: Hawkins-Taylor Chamika , Mollman Sarah , Walstrom Beth , Kerkvliet Jennifer , Minton Mary , Anderson Debra , Berke Charlene
Published: September 2020

Objectives:

This study aimed to explore health professional, patient, family, and caregiver perceptions of palliative care, availability of palliative care services to patients across South Dakota, and consistency and quality of palliative care delivery.

Methods:

Six focus groups were conducted over two months. Participants included interprofessional healthcare team members, patients, family members of patients, and caregivers. Individuals with palliative care experiences or interest in palliative care were invited to participate. Recruitment strategies included emails, flyers, and direct contact by members of the Network. Snowball sampling was used to recruit participants.

Results:

Forty-six participants included patients, family members, caregivers and interprofessional health care team members. Most participants were Caucasian (93.3%) and female (80%). Six primary themes emerged: Need for guidance toward the development of a holistic statewide palliative care model; Poor conceptual understanding and awareness; Insufficient resources to implement complete care in all South Dakota communities; Disparities in the availability and provision of care services in rural SD communities; Need for relationship and connection with palliative care team; and Secondary effects of palliative care on patients/family/caregivers and interprofessional healthcare team members. Significance of Results: Disproportionate access is a principle problem identified for palliative care in rural South Dakota. Palliative care is poorly understood by providers and recipients of care. Service reach is also tempered by lack of resources and payer reimbursement constraints. A model for palliative care in these rural communities requires concerted attention to their unique needs and design of services suited for the rural residents.
Liberating Sovereign Potential: A Working Education Capacity Building Model for Native Nations
Authors: RedCorn (Osage) Alex
Published: September 2020

With culturally sustaining pedagogies gaining momentum in our evolving educational landscape, the political backdrop of sovereignty and the pursuit of self-determination through education for Indigenous peoples creates a truly unique leadership context. The purpose of this conceptual article is to introduce a working model for educational leaders in Native nations to liberate educational sovereignty by engaging in broad and dynamic systems thinking that centers on their nation’s cultural and governance systems. From this positionality, this model then calls for leaders to engage in the iterative work of (a) assessing the educational landscape and identifying community assets, (b) fostering professional growth across systems, and (c) engaging in ongoing systems development and alignment advocacy. Furthermore, this model calls for leaders to incorporate critical Indigenous education frameworks and philosophies into these efforts, as well as foster a healthy community of practice across all systems of education to cultivate conditions for ongoing learning and connectivity among professionals. Through these efforts, over time leaders in Native nations can increase their ability to liberate educational sovereignty by creating an army of change agents working to (re)center systems of learning around Native nation’s cultural and governance systems, and pull learning systems away from the assimilationist trajectory found in the status quo of settler-colonial education.
What Crowdsourcing Can Offer to Cross-Cultural Psychological Science
Authors: Cuccolo Kelly , Irgens Megan S. , Zlokovich Martha S. , Grahe Jon , Edlund John E.
Published: September 2020

Although the benefits of crowdsourcing research models have been outlined elsewhere, very little attention has been paid to the application of these models to cross-cultural behavioral research. In this manuscript, we delineate two types of crowdsourcing initiatives—researcher crowdsourced and participant crowdsourced. Researcher crowdsourced refers to initiatives where researchers are gathered to work toward a shared goal. Participant crowdsourced refers to those which allow a researcher to gather a large number of participants within a short time frame. We explore the utility of each type of initiative while providing readers with a framework that can be used when deciding whether researcher or participant crowdsourcing initiatives would be most fruitful for their work. Perceived strengths of a researcher crowdsourced initiative with a cross-cultural focus is based on contributor data from Psi Chi’s Network for International Collaborative Exchange (NICE) and is integrated into this framework. Claims are made for the utility of both researcher and participant crowdsourcing as a way to increase generalizability and reliability, decrease time burdens, democratize research, educate individuals on open science, and provide mentorship. These claims are supported with data from NICE contributors.
Silent Girls in Fairy Tales: Against the Grain of Violence
Authors: Ronderos Clara Eugenia , Berg Mary G.
Published: September 2020

The poems selected here explore the hidden side of some of the most popular fairy tales. Girls become women guided by myths that define their passive role, their submission to violent behavior by men in their lives, be they fathers, husbands, or lovers. These poems look at a girl’s fantasies from a different perspective: that a woman’s life becomes the work of demystifying the myths that dominated her childhood to create a newly informed and subversive version of the myth.
Prospective Audit to Study urokinaSe use to restore Patency in Occluded centRal venous caTheters in haematology and oncology patients (PASSPORT 2)
Authors: Kumwenda Mick John , Dougherty Lisa , Jackson Andrew , Hill Steve
Published: September 2020

Background:

Central venous catheter dysfunction may be associated with intraluminal clots, drug precipitates and lipid residues or extra luminal causes such as fibroblastic sleeve, tip malposition, pinch-off syndrome and venous thrombosis at the tip of central venous catheter. Failure to restore patency after addressing these causes, empirical treatment with thrombolytic agents should be considered. Urokinase is used widely as a thrombolytic agent but very few outcome studies have been published.

Methods:

A multicentre group conducted a prospective audit of management of central venous catheter dysfunction after exclusion of common causes using in centre standardised doses of urokinase from September 2017 to February 2018 in haematology and oncology units. Data of catheter blood flow were collected anonymously following administration of 5000- to 25,000-IU urokinase in dysfunctional central venous catheter.

Results:

A total of 117 patients were recruited from eight centres, 54 females and 63 males, median age was 60 (46–68). In total, 53% presented as partial withdrawal occlusion and 47% total occlusion. In partial withdrawal occlusion, patency was restored in 80% of interventions, in 82% of interventions using push lock and in 76% using dwell lock. In total occlusion, patency was restored in 88% of the interventions. The central venous catheter clearance rate was dose dependent; patency was restored in 83% of central venous catheter with 5000 IU, 89% with 10,000 IU and 92% with high dose of 25,000 IU. No adverse events were recorded.

Conclusion:

In this study, treatment of dysfunctional central venous catheter using standardised urokinase doses was safe and effective in restoring patency when no other mechanical causes could account for central venous catheter dysfunction.
Does partisanship explain spending patterns in congressional bill proposals?
Authors: Quaglia Laura , Epp Derek A. , Madel Katherine R.
Published: September 2020

We investigate the motivations driving members of the US Congress to introduce bills that require new federal spending, testing a classic “party matters” hypothesis that spending is motivated by partisanship with Democrats spending more on social programs and Republicans more on defense and social order. To test this hypothesis, we introduce a new dataset that codes Congressional Budget Office reports, allowing us to link cost estimates to over 7,000 congressional bills. Overall, we find very little evidence that partisanship or ideology can reliably predict the cost of bills. Bills introduced by Democrats call for similar levels of new spending as those introduced by Republicans, even on policy topics where partisan divisions are thought to be pronounced. These results raise the possibility that when it comes to spending rank-and-file members are less motivated by abstract partisan commitments than traditionally thought.
Simulated physical ageing: A prioritized persona-based model for accessible interiors in senior housing environments
Authors: Taşoz Şevkiye Merve , Afacan Yasemin
Published: September 2020

Accessibility is a critical interior design consideration that increases performance level and allows older adults to be independent and physically active in their daily activities. This study used a case study to present a new method of combining ageing simulation with personas through importance-performance analysis (IPA) and supporting the basic activities of daily living (BADL). This study developed a prioritized persona-based (PP-B) model to create accessible interiors in senior housing environments for healthy ageing. This model was constructed based on an ontology framework. The data that was gathered through the self-assessment accessibility questionnaire by 60 older adults and it was depicted in the IPA matrix, which later translated into personas. These personas were simulated with an ageing suit by interior architecture students based on the BADL of accessible senior housing environments. This study was an initial attempt to deal with the complex nature of accessible interior design and its attributes for ageing studies, which are often considered as theoretical concepts and standards. The main innovation of this developed PP-B model was to synchronize interior design knowledge on accessibility attributes and users’ BADL performance along their accessibility importance rankings. Findings are beneficial for interior designers to make human-centred interior design decisions.
Eating alone, or commensality redefined? Solo dining and the aestheticization of eating (out)
Authors: Koponen Sami , Mustonen Pekka
Published: September 2020

Consumers’ increasing fascination with recreational eating out has contributed to numerous transformations in the upmarket restaurant practice. This paper explores such changes in regard to the “social” aspects of eating out, focusing particularly on the “cultural phenomenon” and practice of eating publicly alone (solo dining). Specifically, the paper extends previous portrayals of solo dining as a bundle of aloneness and togetherness by exploring such interplay in the context of the aestheticization of eating and/or the aesthetic food(ie) movement. Based on the interviews of Finnish food/restaurant enthusiasts and exponents of solo dining, the paper firstly depicts solo dining as a practice in which eating publicly alone is celebrated for the sake of enhanced aesthetic immersion. Secondly, the paper argues that solo dining can indeed be interpreted as a form of eating together and depicts the myriad ways, both concrete and “anonymous”, through which solo restaurant meals are shared between like-minded enthusiasts. Thus, the aesthetically oriented slice of solo dining becomes not understood as a complete departure from the ideal of shared public meals but as an alternative manifestation of commensality within an enthusiasm-based consumer group characteristic of late modern consumer culture.
Nonwoven characteristics effective for blood-resistant particulate filtration for healthcare application
Authors: Jung Seojin , Yi Jehyung , Kim Jooyoun
Published: September 2020

The epidemic virus such as COVID-19 can spread via bioaerosol or droplets, and the use of filtering facepiece is crucial in reducing the opportunity of infection. For healthcare application of filters, the fluid penetration resistance is an additional benefit. In this study, nonwoven characteristics that affect the blood penetration resistance were analyzed, using different coverweb materials including electrospun and spunbond webs. The web properties were varied in the basis weight, porosity, and wettability. The blood penetration resistance was tested using the horse blood and human blood simulant at the stream velocity of 2.83 m/s. The blood resistance was affected by both the surface wettability and the physical parameters. When the coverweb and the filter web were hydrophobized, filtration efficiency against oily aerosol was enhanced, without interfering comfort properties. This study is novel in that the comprehensive effects of physical and wetting properties were investigated in terms of fluid penetration resistance, comfort properties and filtration performance.
Angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties of azadirachtin A improve random skin flap survival in rats
Authors: He Ji-Bing , Fang Miao-Jie , Ma Xin-Yi , Li Wen-Jie , Lin Ding-Sheng
Published: September 2020

Random skin flaps are widely used to repair tissue defects. However, the distal flap regions are prone to ischemic necrosis, limiting clinical applications. Azadirachtin A, a fruit extract from the neem, improves tissue blood supply and metabolism, reduces cell swelling, promotes tissue healing, and prevents venous thrombosis. We explored whether it enhances random skin flap survival. Fifty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control, low-dose, and high-dose Azadirachtin A-treated groups using a random number table. We used an improved version of the McFarlane technique to create flaps. On day 2, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde levels were measured. Tissue slices prepared on day 7 were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were immunohistochemically assayed. Microcirculatory blood flow was measured via laser Doppler blood flowmetry. Flap angiography was performed using the lead-oxide gelatin injection technique. And the azadirachtin A groups exhibited a greater mean flap survival area, an improved mean blood vessel density, a greater blood flow, and higher superoxide dismutase and VEGF levels, especially at the high dose. Azadirachtin A markedly reduced the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, TLR4, and NF-kB. These findings suggest that azadirachtin A promotes random skin flap survival by improving the blood supply, reducing tissue inflammation, and inhibiting flap ischemia reperfusion injury.
Long-Term Results of Distal Bypass for Intermittent Claudication
Authors: Kobayashi Taira , Hamamoto Masaki , Okazaki Takanobu , Honma Tomoaki , Takahashi Shinya
Published: September 2020

Background:

Distal bypass (DB) is the optimal treatment for patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI). However, effectiveness of DB for patients with intermittent claudication (IC) remains uncertain. This study aimed to analyze long-term results of DB for IC patients (IC-DB) compared with those of DB for CLI patients (CLI-DB).

Methods:

Patients undergoing DB from January 2009 to July 2018 at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed. Operative details, primary and secondary patency, amputation free survival rate (AFS), and long-term exercise capacity using Barthel index were analyzed.

Results:

Out of 302 DB (245 patients), 49 IC-DB were performed in 43 patients: 38 males, mean age 70.3 ± 8.0 years, diabetes mellitus 51%, chronic renal failure with hemodialysis 7%. The Great saphenous vein was used in 47 limbs, the small saphenous vein in 1, and the arm vein in 1. These grafts were bypassed in a non-reversed fashion for 35 limbs, in an in-situ fashion in 9, and in a reversed fashion in 5. The mean operative time was 173 min. The mean follow-up was 25 ± 26 months. Primary and secondary patency of IC-DB was 79% and 94% at 1 year, 71% and 90% at 3 years, 65% and 90% at 5 years, which were significantly higher than those of CLI-DB (primary patency: P = .007, secondary patency: P = .025). AFS of IC-DB and CLI-DB was 100% and 77% at 1 year, 93% and 52% at 3 years, and 90% and 43% at 5 years (IC-DB vs. CLI-DB, p < .0001). Barthel index of IC-DB unchanged at discharge (median 100) and at the last visit (median 100), showing daily activity was maintained adequately.

Conclusions:

DB could offer a promising approach for patients with IC because of durable graft patency, acceptable AFS, and maintenance of daily activity.
Lack of Correlation Between Subjective and Objective Measures of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Call for a Novel Validated Assessment Tool
Authors: Kothari Brittany L. , Borgert Andrew J. , Kallies Kara J. , Kothari Shanu N.
Published: September 2020

Background. Objective measures including the DeMeester score, lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure, acid exposure time, and body mass index (BMI) are used to determine gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) severity and eligibility for various antireflux surgical procedures. The GERD Health-Related Quality of Life (GERD-HRQL) survey is widely used to evaluate patients’ subjective severity of symptoms and GERD-related quality of life. The purpose of this project was to identify whether or not the subjective measure (GERD-HRQL) correlated with objective measures (DeMeester score, LES, acid exposure time, and BMI) of GERD severity. Methods. A retrospective review of the medical records of patients who underwent antireflux surgery from 2013-2018 was completed. Patients’ GERD severity was measured preoperatively and postoperatively using the GERD-HRQL. Statistical analysis included the calculation of Spearman correlation coefficients, Wilcoxon rank sum, sign, and chi-square tests. Results. 151 patients were included in the study; 64% were female. The mean age and BMI were 54.6 ± 14.6 years and 30.1 ± 4.1 kg/m2, respectively. The mean preoperative DeMeester score was 43.1 ± 36.1, LES pressure was 19.9 ± 18.4 mmHg, and acid exposure time was 11.4 ± 9.6. Mean GERD-HRQL scores decreased from 27.3 ± 9.2 preoperative to 5.3 ± 4.5 postoperative; P < .0001. Preoperative GERD-HRQL scores were not correlated with the DeMeester score ( r = .11; P = .389), LES pressure ( r = −.20; P = .089), acid exposure time ( r = .05; P = .755), BMI ( r = .10; P = .329), or age ( r = −.16; P = .118). Conclusions. Total GERD-HRQL scores significantly decreased from pre- to postoperative. There was no correlation between subjective and objective GERD scoring. These data indicate the need for both physiologic evaluation and subjective assessment of patient symptoms during preoperative workup. There is a need for a contemporary, validated GERD questionnaire that correlates with objective pH testing.
Canaries at the Climbing Wall: A Comparative Study of Particulate Matter at Two University Climbing Walls
Authors: Zajchowski Chris A. B. , Rabinowitz Erik , Davis J. Kyle
Published: September 2020

Magnesium alba—chalk—is regularly applied by indoor and outdoor climbers to their hands to reduce sweat while climbing in order to grip climbing holds. We investigated the potential for suspended chalk dust to lead to unhealthy levels of indoor particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) in two university climbing facilities. Low-cost, Dylos DC 1700 PM monitors sampled air quality during two, 5-day sampling periods. Findings revealed “good” PM values at one university climbing facility and “unhealthy” (PM2.5) or “very unhealthy” (PM10) values at the other institution’s climbing wall. Facility predicted over 60% of the variance in PM readings, and post hoc tests revealed 75% of the variance in PM values at the second institution can be explained by open climbing hours. These findings hold a variety of implications for future research and management of university climbing wall facilities to ensure the health of staff and their patrons.
Examining Growth Outcomes of a Recreational Sports Living–Learning Community Using the Social Change Model of Leadership Development
Authors: Halper Leah R. , Lubinger Elizabeth A. , Greisberger Brendan M.
Published: September 2020

Living learning communities (LLCs) add to the college student experience. The current study investigates academic and personal growth in a recreational sports–themed LLC intentionally built on student development theories. Surveys were administered to all students in the community at two time points across 2 years. Students in the program showed significant growth in leadership skills and grade point average.
Endovascular aortic repair with the Gore Excluder Conformable endograft in severe neck angulation: Preliminary experience and technical aspects
Authors: Bonvini Stefano , Tasselli Sebastiano , Raunig Igor , Wassermann Valentina , Piazza Michele , Antonello Michele
Published: September 2020

Objectives

Endovascular procedures are now the standard of care for endovascular aortic aneurysm repair but treatment of hostile proximal neck anatomy is still challenging. New endografts were brought to the market specifically designed to accommodate severe neck angulation. Authors describe a preliminary experience and early results using the Gore Excluder Conformable endograft (W. L. Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, Ariz) and its active control system in severe neck angulation with a standardized technical approach to achieve precise deployment in this hostile anatomy.

Methods

From June 2019 to May 2020, five patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm and severe neck angulation (≥70°) were treated with the Gore Excluder Conformable endograft at two different centers. Deployment of this endograft in this kind of anatomy should be aggressive starting over the level of renal arteries due to risk of distal migration downward on the external curvature and difficulty in upward repositioning. Authors suggested a standard technique with a routine through-and-through axillary–femoral approach, using a floppy guidewire together with preventive cannulation of the lower renal artery if a short neck (<15 mm) is associated.

Results

Endovascular aortic procedures were successfully completed in all patients. Final deployment of the stent graft using our standardized technical approach was extremely precise in all cases even if redeployment of the graft was necessary in all cases. No other secondary procedures were needed. At 30 days, no type IA endoleak was recorded and no aneurysm-related secondary procedures were performed. Median follow-up for this group of patients was 5.2 months (range 1–11). Early results revealed no type IA endoleak and no migration at Ct angiogram. No aneurysm-related secondary procedures were required.

Conclusion

Routine use of through-and-through axillary–femoral guidewire associated with selective pre-cannulation of the lower renal artery allows a precise deployment of the Gore Excluder Conformable endograft in difficult anatomies possibly affecting early outcomes.
Evaluating the effectiveness of a lower extremity venous phantom on developing ultrasound examination skills and confidence
Authors: Mitchell Carol , Xiong Pazee L , Cox Benjamin L , Adoe Maame A , Cordio Michelle M , Quade Tonya R , Petry George , Eliceiri Kevin W
Published: September 2020

Introduction

The aims of this study were: (1) Determine the effect on student ultrasound scanning skills using a lower extremity venous ultrasound phantom in addition to standard teaching methods of didactic lecture and scanning live volunteers and (2) Determine the effect of using a lower extremity venous ultrasound phantom in addition to standard teaching methods of didactic lecture and scanning live volunteers on student confidence levels in performing the lower extremity venous ultrasound examination.

Methods

Participants were first year diagnostic medical sonography students with minimal scanning experience ( n = 11), which were randomized into two groups. Group 1 ( n = 5) received the standard didactic lecture and attended a scan lab assessment where they performed a lower extremity venous examination on a human volunteer. Group 2 ( n = 6) received the standard didactic lecture, performed three scheduled scanning sessions on an anatomic lower extremity venous phantom with flow and then attended the same scan lab assessment as Group 1, where they performed a lower extremity venous examination on a human volunteer.

Results

Scan lab assessments on day 4 of the study demonstrated a significant difference in scanning performance ( p = 0.019) between the two groups. Post scan lab assessment confidence scores also demonstrated a significant difference between how participants in each group scored their confidence levels ( p = 0.0260), especially in the ability to image calf veins.

Conclusions

This study suggests anatomical phantoms can be used to develop scanning skills and build confidence in ultrasound imaging of the lower extremity venous structures.
A thermal foot manikin as a tool for footwear evaluation and development
Authors: West Anna Maria , Oberst Florian , Tarrier James , Heyde Christian , Schlarb Heiko , Brüggemann Gert-Peter , Hodder Simon , Havenith George
Published: September 2020

This study investigated the relationship between thermal perceptions during human wear trials and thermal foot manikin measurements of heat and vapour resistance for five running shoes varying in material and construction. Measurements of thermal/evaporative resistance were performed using a 12-zone sweating thermal-foot manikin. Eleven males performed running trials on five occasions, wearing shoes of same design, differing in materials and construction, to achieve a range of heat/vapour resistances and air permeabilities. Trials in 20°C/60% RH consisted of three phases: 15 min rest, 40 min running, 15 min recovery. In-shoe temperature/humidity were measured at two sites on the left foot. Thermal sensation/wetness perception/thermal comfort were provided for the left foot and four foot regions. Variations in shoe material and construction resulted in differences in thermal and evaporative resistance. These differences were reflected in in-shoe temperature and in-shoe absolute humidity assessed during wear trials. At the end of the rest period, thermal sensation was strongly related to thermal insulation ( r2 = 0.69, p<0.001). During exercise however, thermal sensation, wetness perception and thermal discomfort were related to both thermal insulation and evaporative resistance. Thermal foot manikins provide a sensitive, effective evaluation of footwear thermal properties, which are also reflective of changes to in-shoe parameters during actual use. This discriminate power may be enhanced using higher, more realistic air-speeds during testing, as well as simulating foot movement. While thermal foot manikins are highly sensitive to design features/attributes of footwear (e.g. ventilation openings, air-permeabilities and coatings), subjective evaluations of footwear do not seem to have the same sensitivity and discriminative power.
How Hybrid Institutional Logics Matter: The Importance of Trust and Embeddedness in Neighborhood Revitalization Collaborations
Authors: Bohn H. Joseph , Roelfs David J.
Published: September 2020

This study applied an institutional logics framework to examine issues that challenged revitalization efforts in three distressed neighborhoods in an urban Midwest U.S. city. Specifically, it examined whether emergent hybrid (organizational) logics influenced multiple disconnected partnerships and collaborations. Thematic analyses were conducted on data from 39 semi-structured interviews conducted in two phases ( n = 11 and n = 28, respectively). The interviewees were from the public, private, academia, and faith-based sectors and included interventions that impacted food insecurity, education, health, the built environment, crime, and substance and alcohol abuse. The findings showed the importance of trust as a hybrid logic impacting collaborations at multiple levels; we link this to additional findings on the level of structural embeddedness in the studied neighborhoods. The findings support the need for public health and community leaders to address gaps in trust/embeddedness in order to improve the success of community interventions. Practitioners and future researchers can apply the concept of hybrid institutional logics in the analysis of neighborhood collaborations, especially when there are multiple collaborations involving partners from different sectors.
Silver linings and wishful thinking? More than human geographies of the coronavirus
Authors: Royle Camilla
Published: September 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic and the associated worldwide lockdown measures have several implications for geographical understandings of society–nature relations and of animal life. For some, the temporary lowering of carbon dioxide emissions during the lockdown has been cause for hope for a silver lining to the pandemic. Some commentators have even adopted the misanthropic diagnosis that humanity is the virus, a stance that invokes racialised assumptions about which parts of the global population should be reduced in order for ‘nature’ to survive. Animal geography has a tradition of addressing the ways in which supposedly improper relationships with non-human animals can serve to racialise specific groups of people. This has been useful in criticising the media fascination with wet markets and Chinese eating habits. However, when pointing to spectacular examples of the ways in which wild animals have responded to lockdown conditions, some geographical commentators have too readily accepted the notion that humans have ‘abandoned’ urban areas. They have been less attentive to the fact that the lockdown was experienced in very different ways by different social groups. This opinion piece concludes by setting out what an approach rooted in ecological Marxism might offer these debates and how it points to the more systemic changes needed to forge a more socially just relationship with the rest of nature.
Treatment Algorithm for Hyaluronic Acid-Related Complication Based on a Systematic Review of Case Reports, Case Series, and Clinical Experience
Authors: Aviv Uri , Haik Josef , Weiss Nathaniel , Berl Ariel , Ofir Hagit , Nardini Gil , Cleary Michelle , Kornhaber Rachel , Harats Moti
Published: September 2020

Study Design:

Systematic review of hyaluronic acid (HA)-related complications.

Objective:

To systematically review all available literature including case reports and case series to identify a pattern for the management of vascular compromise resulting in facial skin ischemia and ocular manifestations following HA injection.

Methods:

This review was based on a systematic search of 3 electronic databases PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus for all available literature including case series and case reports from database inception to July 2019. Only a total of 52 case reports/series were eligible for review and included 107 patients.

Results:

The reviewed literature available was comprised from case reports/series and indicated that management of both impending skin necrosis and visual disturbances is variable with no repetitive pattern of action. Yet, successful management is time dependent as early interventions stopped progression and, in some cases, even reversed adverse effects.

Conclusion:

Results found no universal protocol for achieving optimal results for adverse effects and as such, we present a step-by-step algorithm for the emergency management of complications following HA injection.