bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Setting research priorities for applied cognitive sciences—What do teachers want from research?
Authors: Müller Lisa‐Maria , Cook Victoria
Published: January 2024

While research evidence has the potential to improve classroom practice, research–practice gaps continue to persist not least owing to the limited relevance of research findings for practice. A common approach in healthcare to address the research–practice gap is to form research priority setting partnerships (PSPs) in which stakeholders identify questions they would like research to answer. This paper presents the results from such a PSP in education with a focus on cognitive science research, which has received increased attention in the past few years owing to its potential to explain memory and learning processes and inform classroom practice. Over 400 questions from teachers were collected using an online survey. The final 15 research priorities highlight the need for research on a wider range of subjects, settings and phases as well as research designs that take the complexity of classrooms into consideration and aim to answer how different teaching strategies interact with each other as well as student motivation and agency at the micro‐ and macro‐level. The role of teacher expertise vs. fidelity to original research designs should also be investigated further. Overall, this paper highlights the importance of taking teacher voice into account to ensure that new research in the field is both academically rigorous and practically relevant.
SnSe: The rise of the ultrahigh thermoelectric performance material
Authors: Kim Taeshik , Lee Hyungseok , Chung In
Published: January 2024

Thermoelectric materials can generate electric power from dissipating heat without releasing any undesirable chemicals. They thus can increase global energy efficiency and reduce the use of fossil fuels that are a major resource for generating electric energy, thereby concurrently addressing energy and environmental crises seriously threatening humanity. Increasing a thermoelectric figure of merit, ZT, of materials has been a prime goal in thermoelectrics because an efficiency of thermoelectric power generation has been low until very recently. The recent development of ultrahigh thermoelectric performance in polycrystalline SnSe‐based materials is one of the most prominent breakthroughs in the history of thermoelectrics. They show an exceptionally high ZT of ~3.1 at 783 K and average ZT of ~2.0 from 400 to 783 K, which are the highest for any bulk thermoelectric systems. Here we review the recent advances in SnSe thermoelectrics, greatly changing the paradigm of studies and applications of thermoelectric technology.
Effects of vitamin C on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nimodipine in rats
Authors: Meng Xian‐xin , Nan Guan‐jun , Hu Hao , He Jian‐yu , Li Yun‐zhe , Yang Guang‐de
Published: January 2024

In recent years, researchers have shown a growing interest in the interactions between different pharmaceutical agents. An intriguing instance lies in the possible interaction between nimodipine and vitamin C. To investigate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of vitamin C on nimodipine in rats, rats were randomly divided into a nimodipine only group and a combination group (nimodipine + vitamin C). The two groups were given intragastric administration and nimodipine blood concentrations were determined using high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrum at different time points. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured via carotid artery cannulation. Pharmacokinetic differences were observed between the nimodipine only group and the combination group at the same dose. Compared with the nimodipine only group, the combination group’s main pharmacokinetic parameters of peak concentration and area under the curve increased significantly, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05); furthermore, the combination group exhibited a significant reduction in average blood pressure, while no significant effects on heart rate were observed. Vitamin C did not affect the activity of CYP450 in rat liver. The pharmacokinetic characteristics and pharmacodynamics of nimodipine were changed by vitamin C administration in rats.
Ni Nanoparticles Supported Montmorillonite Clay for Selective Catalytic Transfer Hydrodeoxygenation of Vanillin into 2‐Methoxy‐4‐methylphenol
Authors: Kumar Atul , Bal Rajaram , Srivastava Rajendra
Published: January 2024

The targeted catalytic transfer hydrodeoxygenation (CTHDO) of vanillin (VAN) to 2‐methoxy‐4‐methylphenol (MMP) holds promise as a noteworthy subject in the domain of bio‐oil utilization, offering potential as a future biofuel and finding versatile use in fragrances and pharmaceutical industry. In this study, stable, cost‐effective Ni nanoparticles supported on montmorillonite (MMT) clay was synthesized for eco‐friendly, alcohol‐mediated CTHDO of VAN to MMP. The Ni(10 %)/MMT catalyst achieved >99 % VAN conversion and 95.2 % MMP selectivity using isopropanol (IPA) as a solvent and hydrogen donor. Characterization encompassing PXRD, SEM, TEM, and XPS confirmed successful Ni integration onto MMT. NH3‐TPD, pyridine‐IR, and H2‐TPR analysis evaluated catalyst surface acidity and reducibility. The synergy between surface‐modulated acidity of MMT and Ni nanoparticles collectively facilitated IPA and VAN activation, driving CTHDO performance. The Ni(10 %)/MMT catalyst displayed sustained activity over five recycles. Its exceptional stability and performance underscore its potential as an eco‐friendly, sustainable, non‐noble transition metal‐based catalyst for the hydrogenating lignin bio‐oil model compounds, contributing to greener catalytic advancements.
Harnessing the Oxygen Vacancies in Metal Oxides for Nitroreduction
Authors: Rajendran K. , Jagadeesan D.
Published: January 2024

Oxygen vacancies are one of the prominent types of defects in metal oxides. In addition to their role in modifying the electronic properties in solids, these sites have been shown to activate chemical bonds. As a result, the use of defect‐rich metal oxides in the organic transformations is promising. The article gives an overview of various chemical processes that are in use for the chemical reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to amines. Recently, application of oxygen vacancies in transition metal oxide for the selective reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to the corresponding amines has emerged as a new method of synthesis of amines. Oxygen vacancies in reducible oxide such as CuO have been shown to decompose hydrazine hydrate to H2 and in situ cause the reduction of nitro arenes to corresponding amines. This concept article discusses the literature pertaining to the synthesis of nitro reduction reaction, various strategies employed thus far and the place the defect‐mediated synthesis holds. The article also discusses the perspectives and challenges that remain to be addressed to gain more insights into the mechanistic understanding of the role of oxygen vacancies in nitro reduction and beyond.
Two new methods for the estimation and interpretation of the range of feasible profiles in multivariate curve resolution and their implications to analytical chemistry
Authors: Olivieri Alejandro C.
Published: January 2024

Two new models have been recently introduced for studying the remaining rotational ambiguity in the bilinear decomposition of matrix data. One of the models is N‐BANDS, which yields two extreme profiles per sample component, corresponding to maximum or minimum signal contribution function or relative component area under its concentration profile. It is highly useful for computing the relative root mean square error due to rotational ambiguity in estimated analyte concentrations (RMSERA), which numerically quantifies the impact of the phenomenon in terms of prediction uncertainty. Since N‐BANDS successfully consider the presence of instrumental noise in the data, it is extremely useful for the analysis of real data sets. The other model is SW‐N‐BANDS, which is similar to N‐BANDS, but is applied in a sensor wise manner, that is, computing the maximum and minimum intensity value at each sensor. It provides the boundaries of the full set of feasible profiles, and helps to better understand the behavior of a given component under the application of several constraints. Both models are described in light of both simulations and experimental data, illustrating their main characteristics of importance to analytical chemistry studies.
Recent advances in nickel‐based catalysts in eCO2RR for carbon neutrality
Authors: Peng Weikang , Li Fengfeng , Kong Shuyi , Guo Chenxi , Wu Haotian , Wang Jiacheng , Shen Yi , Meng Xianguang , Zhang Mingxi
Published: January 2024

The excessive use of nonrenewable energy has brought about serious greenhouse effect. Converting CO2 into high‐value‐added chemicals is undoubtedly the best choice to solve energy problems. Due to the excellent cost‐effectiveness and dramatic catalytic performance, nickel‐based catalysts have been considered as the most promising candidates for the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR). In this work, the electrocatalytic reduction mechanism of CO2 over Ni‐based materials is reviewed. The strategies to improve the eCO2RR performance are emphasized. Moreover, the research on Ni‐based materials for syngas generation is briefly summarized. Finally, the prospects of nickel‐based materials in the eCO2RR are provided with the hope of improving transition‐metal‐based electrocatalysts for eCO2RR in the future.
TS‐1@MCM‐48 Core‐Shell Catalysts for Efficient Oxidation of p‐Diethylbenzene to High Value‐Added Derivatives
Authors: Guo Ying , Li Jinhong , Xu Qingxin , Song Zhimei , Wang Jinge , Han Mei , Chen Lidong , Han Na , Cheng Weiguo
Published: January 2024

To expand the market capacity of p‐diethylbenzene (PDEB), core‐shell zeolite (TS‐1@MCM‐48) is designed as a catalyst for PDEB oxidation. TS‐1@MCM‐48 catalyst is synthesized by in‐situ crystallization method and characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), N2 adsorption‐desorption, in‐situ electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (29Si MAS‐NMR). Oxidation of PDEB by H2O2 was investigated systematically in liquid phase. The conversion of PDEB over TS‐1@MCM‐48 was 28.1 % and the total selectivity was 72.6 %, where the selectivity of EAP (p‐ethylacetophenone) and EPEA (4‐ethyl‐α‐methylbenzyl alcohol) was 28.6 % and 44.0 %, respectively. Compared with TS‐1 and MCM‐48 zeolite, the conversion rate of reactants and the selectivity of products have been significantly improved. The catalytic performance of TS‐1@MCM‐48 is derived from its well‐crystallized microporous core and mesoporous shell with regular channels, which make active sites of TS‐1 zeolite in the catalyst be fully utilized and mass transfer resistance be largely reduced. Further through theoretical calculation, we propose that the oxidation of PDEB is the result of the combination and mutual transformation of free radical process and carbocation process. Core‐shell structure ensures the conversion rate of raw materials and improves the selectivity of products.
Resolution of N‐acetyl‐DL‐methionine methyl ester by the lipase from Brucella thiophenivorans
Authors: Li Xiaojun , Li Qi , Yang Liying , Huang Liqin , Peng Chenchen , Zheng Jianyong
Published: January 2024

In this study, lipase‐catalyzed resolution of N‐acetyl‐DL‐methionine methyl ester (N‐Ac‐DL‐MetOMe) was evaluated. A lipase from Brucella thiophenivorans was prone to exhibit high activity and excellent enantioselectivity toward N‐Ac‐DL‐MetOMe to produce the key chiral intermediate N‐acetyl‐L‐methionine methyl ester (N‐Ac‐L‐MetOMe). The results showed that the enzymatic reaction was carried out in 100 g/L racemic substrate for 2 h, the conversion reached 51.3%, the enantiomeric excess value N‐Ac‐L‐MetOMe exceeded 99%, and the enantiomeric ratio value >200. Therefore, the lipase from B. thiophenivorans has potential prospects for the resolution of N‐Ac‐DL‐MetOMe to produce the important intermediate N‐Ac‐L‐MetOMe.
A Proposal for Evaluating the Economic Viability of Biorefineries against Petrochemical Benchmarks
Authors: Götz Markus , Kruse Andrea
Published: January 2024

Usually costs of bio‐based products are compared to those of their fossil counterparts, most often made from crude oil. This paper adds new insights into this kind of comparison and provides approaches as to how future innovations in biorefineries and bio‐based chemicals can be compared to commercial fossil alternatives. The shift to alternative carbon sources will lead to higher costs in the short term. However, expected changes in the crude oil market and regulatory effects will cause rising costs of fossil chemicals in the near future. This work also provides strategies for implementing increased prices.
Strategies for Constructing Macrocyclic Arene‐Based Color‐Tunable Supramolecular Luminescent Materials
Authors: Gu Meng‐Jie , Han Xiao‐Ni , Han Ying , Chen Chuan‐Feng
Published: January 2024

Over the past decades, supramolecular luminescent materials (SLMs) have attracted considerable attention due to their dynamic noncovalent interactions, versatile functions, and intriguing applications in many research fields. From construction to application, great efforts and progress have been made in color‐tunable SLMs in recent years. In order to realize multicolor luminescence, various design strategies have been proposed. Macrocyclic chemistry, one of the brightest jewels in the field of supramolecular chemistry, has played a crucial role in the construction of stimuli‐responsive and emission‐tunable SLMs. Moreover, the flexible and tunable conformation and multiple noncovalent complexation sites of the macrocyclic arenes (MAs) afford a new opportunity to create such dynamic smart luminescent materials. Inspired by our reported work on the color‐tunable supramolecular crystalline assemblies modulated by the conformation of naphth[4]arene, this Concept provides a summary of the latest developments in the construction of color‐tunable MA‐based SLMs, accompanied by the various construction strategies. The aim is to provide researchers with a new perspective to construct color‐tunable SLMs with fascinating functions.
The limb dorsoventral axis: Lmx1b's role in development, pathology, evolution, and regeneration
Authors: Castilla‐Ibeas Alejandro , Zdral Sofía , Oberg Kerby C. , Ros Marian A.
Published: January 2024

The limb anatomy displays well‐defined dorsal and ventral compartments, housing extensor, and flexor muscles, which play a crucial role in facilitating limb locomotion and manipulation. Despite its importance, the study of limb dorsoventral patterning has been relatively neglected compared to the other two axes leaving many crucial questions about the genes and developmental processes implicated unanswered. This review offers a thorough overview of the current understanding of limb dorsoventral patterning, synthesizing classical literature with recent research. It covers the specification of dorsal fate in the limb mesoderm and its subsequent translation into dorsal morphologies—a process directed by the transcription factor Lmx1b. We also discuss the potential role of dorsoventral patterning in the evolution of paired appendages and delve into the involvement of LMX1B in Nail‐Patella syndrome, discussing the molecular and genetic aspects underlying this condition. Finally, the potential role of dorsoventral polarity in digit tip regeneration, a prominent instance of multi‐tissue regeneration in mammals is also considered. We anticipate that this review will renew interest in a process that is critical to limb function and evolutionary adaptations but has nonetheless been overlooked.
The incidence of refeeding syndrome and the nutrition management of severely malnourished inpatients with eating disorders: An observational study
Authors: Brodie Emily , van Veenendaal Nicholas , Platz Emma , Fleming Judith , Gunn Hamish , Johnson Douglas , Griffin Hilda , Wittholz Kym
Published: January 2024

Objective

Nutritional rehabilitation and weight restoration are often critical for the treatment of eating disorders (ED), yet are restricted by the potential risk of refeeding syndrome (RFS). The primary objective was to determine the incidence of RFS. Secondary objectives were to explore predictive factors of RFS and describe its impact on treatment goals for patients with ED.

Method

This retrospective observational study reviewed the nutrition management for patients admitted to a quaternary hospital for ED treatment from 2018 to 2020. Data were collected during the first 4 weeks of admission and included anthropometry, energy prescription, incidence and severity of RFS, and electrolyte and micronutrient prescription. Outcomes included incidence of RFS, energy prescription and advancement, and weight change.

Results

Of 423 ED admissions, 217 patients (median [interquartile range, IQR] age 25 [21–30.5] years; 210 [97%] female) met inclusion criteria. Median (IQR) body mass index (BMI) on admission was 15.5 (14.1–17.3) kg/m2. The mean (standard deviation) length of admission was 35 (7.3) days. Median (IQR) initial energy prescription was 1500 (930–1500) kcal/day. Seventy‐three (33%) patients developed RFS; 34 (16%) mild, 27 (12%) moderate, and 12 (5%) severe. There was no association between RFS severity and admission BMI, energy prescription, or prescription of prophylactic electrolytes or micronutrients. Lower admission weight was associated with RFS (odds ratio 0.96, 95% confidence interval [0.93–1.00], p = .035). Less than half of the participants met the weight gain target (>1 kg per week) in the first 3 weeks of admission.

Discussion

The incidence of severe RFS was low in this cohort and was associated with lower admission weight.

Public Significance

This study is one of the largest studies to utilize consensus‐defined criteria to diagnose RFS among adult patients admitted for treatment of an ED. This population is still considered to be at risk of RFS and will require close monitoring. The results add to the growing body of research that restriction of energy prescription to prevent RFS may not require the level of conservatism traditionally practiced.
Sparse modeling for climate variable selection across trophic levels
Authors: Grames Eliza M. , Forister Matthew L.
Published: January 2024

Understanding how populations respond to climate is fundamentally important to many questions in ecology, evolution, and conservation biology. Climate is complex and multifaceted, with aspects affecting populations in different and sometimes unexpected ways. Thus, when measuring the changing climate it is important to consider the complexity of the phenomenon and the number of ways it can be characterized through different metrics. We used a Bayesian sparse modeling approach to select among 80 metrics of climate and applied the approach to 19 datasets of bird, insect, and plant population responses to abiotic conditions as case studies of how the method can be applied for climate variable selection in a time series context. For phenological datasets, mean spring temperature was frequently selected as an important climate driver, while selected predictors were more diverse for population metrics such as abundance or reproductive success. The climate variable selection approach presented here can help to identify potential climate metrics when there is limited physiological or mechanistic information to make an a priori variable selection, and is broadly applicable across studies on population responses to climate.
Different processing methods on anthocyanin composition and antioxidant capacity in blueberry juice: Based on metabolomics and DFT analysis
Authors: Liu Shuting , Ma Chuang , Zhang Ye , Wang Yining , Tian Jinlong , Li Bin , Zhao Jin
Published: January 2024

Blueberry juice is one of deep‐processed products of blueberries, anthocyanins are main bioactive substance in blueberry juice. However, anthocyanins have poor stability. Thermal, high pressure, electric field, magnetic field and cobalt source irradiation were used to treat blueberry juice, and then the treated blueberry juice composition and antioxidant capacity were determined to explore ways to better protect anthocyanins. Metabolomics was used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the anthocyanins in blueberry juice, a total of 54 anthocyanins were identified. Different processing methods of treatment did not significantly change the types of anthocyanins in blueberry juice. Their effects were mainly focused on the changes in content. By determining the antioxidant capacity of blueberry juice, it was found that there is more than a simple linear relationship between the total anthocyanin content of blueberry juice and its antioxidant capacity. Therefore, the structural parameters of the four main anthocyanin monomers of blueberry juice were calculated using density functional theory to predict the antioxidant capacity and the antioxidant capacity of the monomers was determined for validation. The effect of different treatments on the change of antioxidant activity of blueberry juice due to anthocyanin occupancy was explained using equivalent antioxidant. The results showed that the 1 kGy irradiation treatment had a better protective effect on the anthocyanins, whereas the change in the percentage of anthocyanins due to this treatment was the key factor for the change in their antioxidant capacity.
Postexercise substrate oxidation is environmental temperature dependent before and after short‐term exercise training in obese women
Authors: Kulaputana Onanong , Kaewpaluk Parimon , Sanguanrungsirikul Sompol
Published: January 2024

Substrate oxidation can be altered by both environmental temperature and exercise training. It is unclear whether environmental temperatures before and after short‐term exercise training influence substrate oxidation rates and energy expenditure (EE) during postexercise recovery. The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of hot and thermoneutral environments on substrate oxidation and EE during postexercise recovery before and after a 1‐month exercise training in obese women. Sixteen overweight or obese women underwent a 1‐month exercise training. Before and after training, each participant completed metabolic testing during postexercise recovery at either hot (31°C–32°C) or thermoneutral (22°C–23°C) environments in a randomized crossover fashion with a washout period of 2–4 days between the two tests. The substrate oxidation and EE determined by indirect calorimetry during the 60‐min postexercise recovery of the hot and thermoneutral environments were compared. Following exercise training, fat oxidation during recovery was significantly greater at thermoneutral than at hot environments (thermoneutral, 56.0 ± 24.6 mg/kg/h vs. hot, 39.7 ± 27.5 mg/kg/h; p < 0.001). Conversely, carbohydrate oxidation during the recovery was significantly greater at hot than at thermoneutral environments, and the total EE at both temperatures did not significantly differ (hot, 70.5 ± 19.6 kcal/h vs. thermoneutral, 71.3 ± 13.7 kcal/h; p = 0.846). The results were the same as those before exercise training. After an acute bout of exercise, recovery in a thermoneutral environment increases fat oxidation; however, environmental temperatures produce no effect on the total EE. The same results were obtained before and after exercise training, suggesting that energy and substrate metabolism during postexercise recovery are more influenced by the environmental temperature than exercise training.
Tibial loading and damage accumulation in recreational and competitive male runners during a demanding 10 km run
Authors: Rice Hannah , Mai Patrick , Sanno Maximilian , Willwacher Steffen
Published: January 2024

Tibial stress injuries are problematic among runners. The loading magnitude is the most important mechanical contributor to bone damage accumulation, but loading quantity is also important, and faster runners require fewer loading cycles to complete a given distance than slower runners. This study estimated tibial loading and damage accumulation throughout a demanding 10‐km run in recreational (RR) and competitive runners (CR). Male runners reporting a 10‐km season‐best run slower than 47:30 min (RR) or faster than 37:30 min (CR) completed a 10‐km treadmill running protocol at 105% of their season's best time. Tibial loading was estimated from bending moments at the distal 1/3rd of the tibia by ensuring static equilibrium at each 1% of stance. Peak loading was obtained, and cumulative damage per kilometer was estimated using a tissue‐dependent weighting factor. Peak tibial loading and damage accumulation per kilometer significantly decreased throughout the run, by 5% and 4%, respectively. Peak loading was significantly higher (31%) in CR than RR, and there was an indication (p = 0.058 and large effect size) of a greater rate of damage accumulation in CR than RR. Tibial loading per step and the rate of accumulation per kilometer decreased throughout a demanding 10‐km run suggesting that changes in running mechanics as a result of prolonged running may not be a primary mechanism for stress injury development. Competitive runners experience greater peak tibial loading and possibly greater cumulative tibial damage when they complete 10 km faster than recreational runners.
The effects of squat variations on strength and quadriceps hypertrophy adaptations in recreationally trained females
Authors: Enes Alysson , Oneda Gustavo , Leonel Danilo Fonseca , Lemos Lucas , Alves Felipe , Ferreira Luis H. B. , Escalante Guillermo , Schoenfeld Brad J. , Souza‐Junior Tácito P.
Published: January 2024

The barbell squat is a multijoint exercise often employed by athletes and fitness enthusiasts due to its beneficial effects on functional and morphological neuromuscular adaptations. This study compared the effects of squat variations on lower limb muscle strength and hypertrophy adaptations. Twenty‐four recreationally trained females were assigned to a 12‐week front squat (FS; n = 12) or back squat (BS; n = 12) resistance training protocol (twice per week). Maximum dynamic strength (1‐RM) on the 45° leg press, a nonspecific strength test, and muscle thickness of the proximal, middle, and distal portions of the lateral thigh were assessed at baseline and post‐training. A significant time versus group interaction was observed for 1‐RM values (F(1,22) = 10.53; p = 0.0004), indicating that BS training elicits greater improvements in muscle strength compared with FS training (p = 0.048). No time versus group interactions were found for muscle thickness (F(1,22) = 0.103; p = 0.752); however, there was a significant main effect of time for the proximal (F(1,22) = 7.794; p = 0.011), middle (F(1,22) = 7.091; p = 0.014), and distal portions (F(1,22) = 7.220; p = 0.013) of the lateral thigh. There were no between‐group differences for any muscle thickness portion (proximal: p = 0.971; middle: p = 0.844; and distal: p = 0.510). Our findings suggest that BS elicits greater improvements in lower limb muscle strength on the 45° leg press than FS, but hypertrophic adaptations are similar regardless of variations during the squat exercise.
Human‐in‐the‐loop optimized rocker profile of running shoes to enhance ankle work and running economy
Authors: Tankink Thijs , Houdijk Han , Hijmans Juha M.
Published: January 2024

Increasing the efficiency at which muscles generate mechanical power could improve running economy. A potential way to reduce muscle fiber shortening velocities and enhance energy storing of the Triceps Surae is changing their gear ratio at the ankle via optimization of shoe rollover profile. The aim of the current study was to individually optimize rollover profile of rocker shoes via human‐in‐the‐loop optimization to maximize positive ankle work to redistribute joint work from the hip and knee to the ankle and improve running economy. A total of 10 runners ran on a treadmill with experimental rocker shoes in which apex position and angle were optimized using an evolution algorithm to maximize positive ankle work. We compared experimental shoes with optimal settings, standard settings, and control shoes in terms of biomechanics and running economy. Optimal apex parameters differed considerably between participants. The optimal condition resulted in higher positive ankle work and a higher proportional share of the ankle in the total positive lower limb work compared to the standard condition. A difference in running economy between these conditions was not found. Human‐in‐the‐loop optimization can redistribute joint work from the hip and knee to the ankle by individually optimizing apex parameters. Although this did not improve running economy, the study showed that human‐in‐the‐loop optimization could improve the effectiveness of footwear with respect to the selected optimization parameter on an individual level.
Employing nonuniform magnetic fields to improve energy transfer of flow after a sudden expansion inside a miniature channel: A hydrothermal study
Authors: Bahrami Hamid‐Reza , Ghaedi Mahziyar , Attarzadeh Ali
Published: January 2024

This study aims to use single/multiple dipoles to control the flow field after a two‐dimensional milli channel, including a sudden expansion. The study is done numerically and using a finite volume based software. First, a single dipole is positioned under the lower boundary of the channel located after the step (which is heated), and the influences of the different locations of the dipole under the heat transfer and pressure drop are analyzed. The same analysis is done for a dipole located on the opposite wall. The results show that the best performance is achieved when the dipole is located under the heated wall, where it enhances local heat transfer by 700%. The study also reveals that when multiple dipoles are used in the domain, some enhancement happens in the local Nusselt number, but the resulting pressure loss is so high. For example, when three dipoles are used, the local heat transfer enhances by 15% in specific places, but the pressure drop increases by five times. The higher strength of the dipoles also results in a much higher pressure drop. Also, the study of the inlet flow Reynolds number shows that magnetic effects on the flow decrease as the Reynolds number rises.
Multiphase lattice Boltzmann flux solver with conservative Allen‐Cahn model for modeling high‐density‐ratio flows
Authors: Chen Z. , Sun Y. H.
Published: January 2024

In this paper, the Allen‐Cahn‐Multiphase lattice Boltzmann flux solver (AC‐MLBFS) is proposed as a new and effective numerical simulation method for multiphase flows with high density ratios. The MLBFS resolves the macroscopic governing equations with the finite volume method and reconstructs numerical fluxes on the cell interface from local solutions to the lattice Boltzmann equation, which combines the advantages of conventional Navier–Stokes solvers and lattice Boltzmann methods for simulating incompressible multiphase flows while alleviating their limitations. Previous MLBFS‐based multiphase solvers performed poorly in mass conservation, which might be caused by the excessive numerical diffusion in the Cahn‐Hilliard (CH) model used as the interface tracking algorithm. To resolve this problem, the present method proposes using the conservative Allen‐Cahn (AC) model as the interfacial tracking algorithm, which can ease the numerical implementation by removing high order derivative terms and alleviate mass leakage by enforcing local mass conservation in the physical model. Numerical validations will be carried out through benchmark tests at high density ratios and in extreme conditions with large Reynolds or Weber numbers. Through these examples, the accuracy and robustness as well as the mass conservation characteristics of the proposed method are demonstrated.
Agreeableness modulates mental state decoding: Electrophysiological evidence
Authors: Pisanu Elisabetta , Arbula Sandra , Rumiati Raffaella Ida
Published: January 2024

Agreeableness is one of the five personality traits which is associated with theory of mind (ToM) abilities. One of the critical processes involved in ToM is the decoding of emotional cues. In the present study, we investigated whether this process is modulated by agreeableness using electroencephalography (EEG) while taking into account task complexity and sex differences that are expected to moderate the relationship between emotional decoding and agreeableness. This approach allowed us to identify at which stage of the neural processing agreeableness kicks in, in order to distinguish the impact on early, perceptual processes from slower, inferential processing. Two tasks were employed and submitted to 62 participants during EEG recording: the reading the mind in the eyes (RME) task, requiring the decoding of complex mental states from eye expressions, and the biological (e)motion task, involving the perception of basic emotional actions through point‐light body stimuli. Event‐related potential (ERP) results showed a significant correlation between agreeableness and the contrast for emotional and non‐emotional trials in a late time window only during the RME task. Specifically, higher levels of agreeableness were associated with a deeper neural processing of emotional versus non‐emotional trials within the whole and male samples. In contrast, the modulation in females was negligible. The source analysis highlighted that this ERP‐agreeableness association engages the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Our findings expand previous research on personality and social processing and confirm that sex modulates this relationship.
Spatiotemporal signal space separation for regions of interest: Application for extracting neuromagnetic responses evoked by deep brain stimulation
Authors: Oswal Ashwini , Abdi‐Sargezeh Bahman , Sharma Abhinav , Özkurt Tolga Esat , Taulu Samu , Sarangmat Nagaraja , Green Alexander L. , Litvak Vladimir
Published: January 2024

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings are often contaminated by interference that can exceed the amplitude of physiological brain activity by several orders of magnitude. Furthermore, the activity of interference sources may spatially extend (known as source leakage) into the activity of brain signals of interest, resulting in source estimation inaccuracies. This problem is particularly apparent when using MEG to interrogate the effects of brain stimulation on large‐scale cortical networks. In this technical report, we develop a novel denoising approach for suppressing the leakage of interference source activity into the activity representing a brain region of interest. This approach leverages spatial and temporal domain projectors for signal arising from prespecified anatomical regions of interest. We apply this denoising approach to reconstruct simulated evoked response topographies to deep brain stimulation (DBS) in a phantom recording. We highlight the advantages of our approach compared to the benchmark—spatiotemporal signal space separation—and show that it can more accurately reveal brain stimulation‐evoked response topographies. Finally, we apply our method to MEG recordings from a single patient with Parkinson's disease, to reveal early cortical‐evoked responses to DBS of the subthalamic nucleus.
Psychosocial factors, health behaviors and risk of cancer incidence: Testing interaction and effect modification in an individual participant data meta‐analysis
Authors: Basten Maartje , Pan Kuan‐Yu , van Tuijl Lonneke A. , de Graeff Alexander , Dekker Joost , Hoogendoorn Adriaan W. , Lamers Femke , Ranchor Adelita V. , Vermeulen Roel , Portengen Lützen , Voogd Adri C. , Abell Jessica , Awadalla Philip , Beekman Aartjan T. F. , Bjerkeset Ottar , Boyd Andy , Cui Yunsong , Frank Philipp , Galenkamp Henrike , Garssen Bert , Hellingman Sean , Huisman Martijn , Huss Anke , Keats Melanie R. , Kok Almar A. L. , Krokstad Steinar , van Leeuwen Flora E. , Luik Annemarie I. , Noisel Nolwenn , Payette Yves , Penninx Brenda W. J. H. , Rissanen Ina , Roest Annelieke M. , Rosmalen Judith G. M. , Ruiter Rikje , Schoevers Robert A. , Soave David , Spaan Mandy , Steptoe Andrew , Stronks Karien , Sund Erik R. , Sweeney Ellen , Twait Emma L. , Teyhan Alison , Verschuren W. M. Monique , van der Willik Kimberly D. , Geerlings Mirjam I.
Published: January 2024

Depression, anxiety and other psychosocial factors are hypothesized to be involved in cancer development. We examined whether psychosocial factors interact with or modify the effects of health behaviors, such as smoking and alcohol use, in relation to cancer incidence. Two‐stage individual participant data meta‐analyses were performed based on 22 cohorts of the PSYchosocial factors and CAncer (PSY‐CA) study. We examined nine psychosocial factors (depression diagnosis, depression symptoms, anxiety diagnosis, anxiety symptoms, perceived social support, loss events, general distress, neuroticism, relationship status), seven health behaviors/behavior‐related factors (smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, body mass index, sedentary behavior, sleep quality, sleep duration) and seven cancer outcomes (overall cancer, smoking‐related, alcohol‐related, breast, lung, prostate, colorectal). Effects of the psychosocial factor, health behavior and their product term on cancer incidence were estimated using Cox regression. We pooled cohort‐specific estimates using multivariate random‐effects meta‐analyses. Additive and multiplicative interaction/effect modification was examined. This study involved 437,827 participants, 36,961 incident cancer diagnoses, and 4,749,481 person years of follow‐up. Out of 744 combinations of psychosocial factors, health behaviors, and cancer outcomes, we found no evidence of interaction. Effect modification was found for some combinations, but there were no clear patterns for any particular factors or outcomes involved. In this first large study to systematically examine potential interaction and effect modification, we found no evidence for psychosocial factors to interact with or modify health behaviors in relation to cancer incidence. The behavioral risk profile for cancer incidence is similar in people with and without psychosocial stress.
New definitions, old complications: The association between duration of transition from latent to active labor and adverse obstetrical outcomes
Authors: Zangen Noa R. , Shoham Vardi Ilana , Weintraub Adi Y. , Yaniv Salem Shimrit
Published: January 2024

Objective

To explore the relationship between the duration of transition from latent to active labor and various obstetric, maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted on term, singleton deliveries at Soroka University Medical Center from 2013 to 2018. Data were extracted from electronic medical records. The exposure variable was defined as prolonged transition, which was itself defined as the upper 10th centile of dilation duration from 4 to 6 cm. Clinical and demographic characteristics were compared using χ2 test. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the contribution of a prolonged transition with each adverse outcome adjusting for potential confounders.

Results

In all, 12 104 deliveries met the inclusion criteria. The mean ± standard deviation of duration of dilation from 4 to 6 cm was 03:07:58 ± 03:03:42 (hours:minutes:seconds). Progress curves varied significantly among patients with different obstetrical and demographic characteristics. Prolonged transition was significantly linked to an increased risk of cesarean delivery (adjusted odds raito 2.607, 95% confidence interval 2.171–3.130, area under the curve 0.689) and higher rates of maternal and neonatal morbidity.

Conclusions

Patients experiencing transition phases exceeding the 90th centile faced an elevated risk of cesarean delivery and postpartum complications. Future studies should focus on interventions during the transition phase to improve pregnancy outcomes and enhance patient safety.
Which fetal growth charts should be used in France? Position of the French College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (CNGOF)
Authors: Verspyck Eric , Senat Marie‐Victoire , Monier Isabelle , Ego Anne , Zeitlin Jennifer , Subtil Damien , Visser Gerard H. A. , Vayssiere Christophe
Published: January 2024

Objective

To assess which fetal growth charts best describe intrauterine growth in France defined as the ability to classify 10% of fetuses below the 10th percentile (small for gestational age [SGA]) and above the 90th percentile (large for gestational age [LGA]) in the second and third trimesters.

Methods

We analyzed five studies on fetal ultrasound measurements using three French data sources. Two studies used second and third trimester ultrasound data from a nationwide birth cohort in 2011 (the ELFE study, N = 13 197 and N = 7747); one study used third trimester ultrasound data from on a nationwide cross‐sectional study (the 2016 French National Perinatal Survey, N = 9940); and the last two studies were from the “Flash study” 2014 which prospectively collected ultrasound data from routine visits in the second and third trimesters (N = 4858 and N = 3522). For each study, we reported the percentage of measurements below the 10th percentile or above the 90th percentile, using French, Hadlock's, WHO and Intergrowth (IG) charts.

Results

WHO classified 4.7% and 16.3% of fetuses as having an estimated fetal weight (EFW) <10th and >90th percentiles in the second trimester compared to 3.3% and 34.7% with IG. The percentage of fetuses in the third trimester with an EFW <10th and >90th percentiles, ranged from 9.1% to 9.4% and from 8.0% to 11.1%, respectively, for WHO, and from 3.9% to 4.1% and from 17.3% to 21.6%, respectively, for IG. The WHO and IG charts for head circumference were very similar and performed well. Compared to the WHO charts, the French and Hadlock's charts deviated more frequently from the target percentiles values for EFW and biometric measures.

Conclusion

It is recommended to use the WHO charts for the assessment of EFW and ultrasound biometric measurements in France (strong recommendation; low quality of evidence).
A patient with oligometastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer who achieved long‐term progression‐free survival following cytoreductive radical prostatectomy and metastasectomy
Authors: Mamiya Daisuke , Kijima Toshiki , Takada‐Owada Atsuko , Kokubun Hidetoshi , Uematsu Toshitaka , Takei Kohei , Kambara Tsunehito , Ishida Kazuyuki , Taneichi Hiroshi , Kamai Takao
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Oligometastatic prostate cancer can be well‐controlled through combined local and metastasis‐directed therapies. However, the effects of cytoreductive radical prostatectomy and metastasectomy remain unclear.

Case presentation

A 52‐year‐old man presented with prostate cancer and isolated bone metastasis to the thoracic spine. Six months after neoadjuvant hormonal therapy, the patient underwent cytoreductive radical prostatectomy and total en bloc spondylectomy. The postoperative course was uneventful. Hormonal therapy was terminated 5 years after surgery, and no biochemical or radiological progression was observed at 7 years postoperatively.

Conclusion

Although careful patient selection is necessary, cytoreductive radical prostatectomy and metastasectomy are effective treatments for well‐selected patients with oligometastatic prostate cancer.
Increased expression of ATP‐binding cassette transporters in enfortumab vedotin‐resistant urothelial cancer
Authors: Kotono Mariko , Kijima Toshiki , Takada‐Owada Atsuko , Okubo Naoya , Kurashina Ryo , Kokubun Hidetoshi , Uematsu Toshitaka , Takei Kohei , Ishida Kazuyuki , Kamai Takao
Published: January 2024

Introduction

In addition to reduced nectin‐4 expression, the upregulation of ATP‐binding cassette transporters has been suggested as a potential mechanism of resistance to enfortumab vedotin.

Case presentation

A 76‐year‐old man previously treated with platinum‐containing chemotherapy and pembrolizumab for metastatic bladder cancer was administered enfortumab vedotin because of disease progression. Subsequently, metastasectomy was performed for oligometastatic lesions (in the lung and adrenal gland) that exhibited growth during enfortumab vedotin therapy. Immunostaining analysis revealed decreased nectin‐4 expression and elevated MDR1, MRP1, and BCRP expression in the metastatic lesions.

Conclusion

Decreased nectin‐4 expression and increased ATP‐binding cassette transporter expression are potential factors in the development of enfortumab vedotin resistance in urothelial carcinoma. Immunohistochemical evaluation of these proteins may aid in predicting treatment efficacy.
“Spilling tea”: A critical feminist reclamation of gossip in literature and media
Authors: Batchelor Katherine , Rushek Kelli , Beaumont Julia
Published: January 2024

In this discussion, we argue for those who are literacy educators to reframe gossip as a dialogic, feminist act in their teaching and interpretation of gossip as framed in the literature they teach in secondary English language arts (ELA) classrooms. Reframing gossip as a feminist act invites meaning‐makers to view those conversations and generative dialogues discursively gendered in deficit ways (or gossip) as proactive, productive, and powerful tools of connection between and within societies and communities. We share how we centered and created through a critical feminist lens, an ELA curriculum that supports gossip as a literary tool that drives narratives in plot formation, as well as a means to enhance characters' positions, personalities, allies, and enemies within a story. Most importantly, we use gossip as an analytical tool to reframe and promote gender equity, guiding preservice teachers and adolescents in critical analysis of the innumerable ways systems and institutions of power and privilege—such as race, ethnicity, religion, and sexuality—intersect in the fight for gender equality. First, we will discuss our guiding theoretical framework of critical feminist pedagogy to examine the ELA curriculum. Next, we share how the development of a curricular unit on reframing gossip in literature unfolded organically through a monthly Saturday workshop called “Writing Us In: Developing Critical Literacy Curriculum for ELA Classrooms.” Then, we showcase how one preservice ELA teacher applied the critical feminist lenses examined within the workshop space to develop a linked text set and subsequent ELA curricular unit with the aims of her future students to critically analyze, from a feminist lens, how gossip is portrayed in society and how it is framed in literature. We end with a discussion of how our spotlight student reflects on this project and her key takeaways.