bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Verification of validity of the electrodynamic model of ball lightning
Authors: I. Nikitin Anatoly
Published: November 2024

The stability of ball lightning is analyzed. According to the electrodynamic model, the ball lightning consists of an energy core in the form of an ensemble of dynamic electric capacitors located inside a spherical shell of water. The dynamic capacitor consists of electrons and protons rotating in closed orbits. The shell tends to stretch under the force Fcf, which is, proportional to the kinetic energy of protons Ek, and the force Fel, proportional to the square of the uncompensated electric charge of the core Q2. The shell is compressed by the force Fsh proportional to its thickness a and the charge Q, as well as the atmospheric pressure force Pa. It is shown that, provided that the radius R of ball lightning can change only due to the work of internal forces, its size remains unchanged. The stability of the size of ball lightning is maintained under the balance of the rate of loss of its energy reserve Ek and the charge Q. If this balance is disturbed, an explosion of ball lightning or its collapse may occur. The relationship between the main parameters of ball lightning is considered: its energy Ek, charge Q, shell thickness a and shell radius R. The conditions for accumulation of maximum energy at a minimum shell thickness are found. The results of calculating the parameters of ball lightning with energy of 10-2300 MJ are compared with the parameters of observed high-energy ball lightning. It is shown that these data are in good agreement with each other.
A theoretical formula for calculating G : Newton’s Universal Gravitational Constant
Authors: Ulianov MSc, PhD Dr. Policarpo Yoshin
Published: November 2024

This article synthesizes insights from three seminal works: Georges-Louis Le Sage’s 1783 paper, Albert Einstein’s 1935 paper, and Peter Higgs’ 1964 paper, along with Isaac Asimov’s 1966 paper, which presents a model for the origin of matter and explains the absence of antimatter in our universe. These four foundational works were integrated into the Ulianov Theory, developed by Dr. Policarpo Yoshin Ulianov. The Ulianov Theory proposes a new model of fundamental particles and interactions, leading to a novel theoretical equation for calculating Newton’s universal gravitational constant G . This theoretical framework not only addresses criticisms of the Higgs boson model but also provides a robust method for calculating gravitational forces and the value of G .
Experimental demonstration of two types of galaxies: matter galaxies and antimatter galaxies
Authors: Yoshin Ulianov Policarpo , Negreiros Jonas Paulo
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a novel analysis of galaxy formation through the lens of the Small Bang Model, which posits the existence of two distinct types of galaxies generated by micro black holes: matter galaxies generated by antimatter supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and antimatter galaxies generated by matter SMBHs. The relationship between the mass of galaxies and their respective SMBHs is explored, leading to the derivation of two specific mass ratios: 918 for matter galaxies and 324 for antimatter galaxies. By using a dataset of 100 galaxies from a reliable source, the research identifies two separate subsets of galaxies with low measurement error, totaling 41 galaxies. Among these, 31 galaxies (77%) are identified as matter galaxies with a mass ratio of 918, while 10 galaxies (23%) are classified as antimatter galaxies with a mass ratio of 324. The analysis reveals that, despite measurement noise, the data aligns closely with the theoretical predictions for these two distinct types of galaxies. The research provides a strong indication that galaxies and their SMBHs are governed by fixed mass relationships, challenging the idea that these relationships are random or nonlinear. This supports the Small Bang Model, which offers a compelling alternative to the Big Bang Model, with no initial singularity and a universe emerging from a low-energy state. The findings suggest that this model not only explains the formation of spiral galaxies but also accounts for the origin of supermassive black holes at the center of each galaxy. Further study is encouraged, as this discovery opens new avenues for understanding the role of antimatter in the universe and the formation of galaxies.
Rethinking contextualization in physics education: a perspective from semantic gravity
Authors: Cutrera Guillermo
Published: November 2024

This study examines the applicability of Semantic Gravity (SG), a concept derived from Legitimation Codes Theory, as a tool to enhance contextualization in physics teaching. SG offers a framework for analyzing how educators and students navigate between abstract concepts and concrete applications, addressing one of the persistent challenges in physics education: the gap between theoretical understanding and practical application. The study reveals that implementing SG presents both significant opportunities and considerable challenges. Opportunities include the development of a more profound and transferable understanding of physics concepts, more inclusive teaching practices, and more authentic assessment methods. Challenges encompass teachers' need for a deep understanding of the concept, adaptation of existing curricular materials, and development of rigorous methods to assess their impact. Research suggests integrating SG into teacher training and curriculum design could significantly transform physics teaching. However, further empirical research is required to validate its effectiveness fully in diverse educational contexts.
Comparison of Voice Cloning Algorithms in Zero-shot and Few-shot Scenarios
Authors: Hovhannisyan Olga , Sargsyan David , Malajyan Artur
Published: November 2024

Voice cloning technology has made significant strides in recent years, with applications ranging from personalized virtual assistants to sophisticated entertainment systems. This study compares nine voice cloning models, focusing on both zero-shot and fine-tuned approaches. Zero-shot voice cloning models have gained attention for their ability to generate high-quality synthetic voices without requiring extensive training data for each new voice and for their capability to perform real-time inference online. In contrast, non-zero- shot models typically require additional data but can offer improved fidelity in voice reproduction. The study comprises two key experiments. The first experiment evaluates the performance of zero-shot voice cloning models, analyzing their ability to reproduce target voices without prior exposure accurately. The second experiment involves fine-tuning the models on target speakers to assess improvements in voice quality and adaptability. The models are evaluated based on key metrics assessing voice quality, speaker identity preservation, and subjective and objective performance measures. The findings indicate that while zero-shot models offer greater flexibility and ease of deployment, fine-tuned models can deliver superior performance.
Experimental Comparison of Logic Circuit Synthesis Methods
Authors: Vershkov Maxim Dmitrievich , Yagzhov Alexey Aleksandrovich , Romanov Nikita Sergeevitch , Fedotova Anna Alekseevna , Znatnov Egor Pavlovich
Published: November 2024

This paper presents the results of an experimental comparison of methods for the synthesis of combinational logic circuits that implement specified Boolean functions. The following methods were considered: the method of Akers, bi-decomposition, the methods of cascades, Minato-Morreale, Reed-Muller and DSD-decomposition. The comparison was based on an estimate of power, delay and area of synthesized logic circuits. The evaluation was carried out without the process of technology mapping of the circuits. These parameters were chosen because they are the main criteria for technology-independent optimization, where these methods are widely used. Boolean functions with the number of arguments from 4 to 10 were used as input data. They were generated on the basis of information on the frequency of occurrence of various NPN-equivalence classes of Boolean functions of 4 variables. As a result of the study, it was found that the Minato-Morreale method is the most universal in solving technology-independent optimization problems and can be used for different criteria.
Identification of Thermokarst Objects from Satellite Graphical Data Using a Neural Network
Authors: Zhebsain Vasiliy Vasilievich , Poselsky Ayal Fedorovich
Published: November 2024

The paper presents the results of a numerical experiment on the identification of thermokarst objects formed as a result of climatic changes in the regions of the cryolithozone, based on satellite graphical data. An applied computer program has been developed designed to identify satellite graphical data implementing a three-layer neural network. The dependence of the object identification efficiency on various initial parameters of the neural network, such as the learning rate, the number of neurons in the hidden layer and the number of learning epochs, has been studied. The optimal values of the above parameters have been identified, providing the highest efficiency indicators of the neural network. The results obtained were compared with the data of other researchers.
On Modeling the Grain Settling through Viscous Incompressible Fluid Problem using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Method
Authors: Potapov Igor Ivanovich , Reshetnikova Olga Vladimirovna
Published: November 2024

In this paper was formulates the settling velocity determining problem for a single particle. To solve it, an original version of the smoothed particle method (SPH) is proposed where settling particle affects on surrounding fluid particles movement. Herewith the calculation of forces acting on particle (except for inertial forces which takes attached mass effect) is performed according by analytical mechanics formulas for a material point. This mathematical formulation and calculation algorithm was verificated by using open source code «SPH_Lab2d». Dependences for the particle settling velocity on its diameter are obtained for various cases of fluid volume discretization. The results demonstrate a good conformance this property to values, that determined by the experimental data and known phenomenological dependences for quartz sand.
Path Profiling for LCC Compiler for Elbrus CPUs
Authors: Shamparov Viktor Evgenievich , Neiman-Zade Murad
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a new version of instrumentation-based path profiling, implemented for the LCC compiler for Elbrus and SPARC processors. This profiling is intended to be used for VLIW-specific compiler optimizations, where path information and path correlations are needed. It was optimized, so profiling overhead descreased to 5.5 times on average.
Creating Distributed Artificial Neural Networks Based on Orthogonal Transformations
Authors: Vershkov Nikolay Anatolievitch , Babenko Mikhail Grigoryevich , Lutsenko Vladislav Vyacheslavovich , Kuchukova Natalya Nikolaevna
Published: November 2024

The article addresses the issue of separating input information of artificial neural networks into modules using orthogonal transformations. This separation enables modular organization of neural networks with layer separation, facilitating the use of the proposed approach for distributed computing. Such an approach is required for organizing the operation of neural networks in fog and edge computing environments, as well as for high-performance computing across multiple low-performance computational nodes. The possibility of cross-layer separation of artificial neural networks using orthogonal transformations is theoretically substantiated, and practical examples of such an approach are provided. A comparison of the characteristics of modular neural networks using various types of orthogonal transformations, including the Haar wavelet transform, is conducted.
GraphTyper: Neural Types Inference from Code Represented as Graph
Authors: Arutyunov German Arsenovich , Avdoshin Sergey Mikchailovitch
Published: November 2024

Although software development is mostly a creative process, there are many scrutiny tasks. As in other industries, there is a trend for automation of routine work. In many cases, machine learning and neural networks have become a useful assistant in that matter. Programming is not an exception: GitHub has stated that Copilot is already used to write up to 30% of code in the company. Copilot is based on Codex, a Transformer model trained on code as a sequence. However, a sequence is not a perfect representation for programming languages. In this work, we claim and demonstrate that by combining the advantages of Transformers and graph representations of code, it is possible to achieve excellent results even with comparably small models.
Intelligent Algorithms for Detecting Attacks in the Web Environment
Authors: Lapina Maria Anatolyevna , Movzalevskaya Vitaliya Valentinovna , Tokmakova Marina Evgenievna , Babenko Mikhail Grigorievich , Kochin Viktor Pavlovich
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of the use of machine learning algorithms to detect attacks using a custom web environment or the functionality of user applications. Learning with a teacher and clustering algorithms are considered. The dataset uses a sample of online shopping transactions collected by an e-commerce retailer. The dataset contains 39,221 transactions. To detect attacks in the web environment, the most optimal implementations of machine learning algorithms were selected after their review and comparative analysis. The most effective algorithm for detecting fraudulent transactions has been determined. We use the accuracy and running time of the algorithm as criteria. The accuracy of detecting fraudulent transactions for Random Forest, GB (Scikit-learn), GB (CatBoost) algorithms is 100%, and the KD-trees algorithm is 99,9%. The gradient boosting algorithm in the CatBoos implementation is 4,2 times faster than Random Forest, 2,4 times faster than GB Scikit-learn, 1,2 times faster than GB without using the cat_features parameter, 41,9 times faster than k-dimensional trees, 66,8 times faster than DBSCAN. The data obtained for each method is presented in the form of tables. Within the framework of this work, the parameters for evaluating the effectiveness of the algorithms under study are learning time indicators, as well as characteristics from the Confusion matrix and Classification Report for classification algorithms, and fowlkes_mallows_score, rand_score, adjusted_rand_score, Homogeneity, Completeness, V-measure for clustering algorithms.
CNAC (Conseil National des arts culinaires): Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur; Midi-Pyrenees; Corse; Martinique; Acquitaine; Languedoc-Roussillon; Lorraine; Guadeloupe; Limousin; Alsace; Picardie; Guyane
Authors: Davidson Alan E
Published: November 2024

CNAC (Conseil National des arts culinaires): Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur; Midi-Pyrenees; Corse; Martinique; Acquitaine; Languedoc-Roussillon; Lorraine; Guadeloupe; Limousin; Alsace; Picardie; Guyane: the latest volumes in the series 'L'inventaire du patrimoine culinaire de Ia France': CNAC/Aibin Michel, Paris, 1998, 1999: ISBN numbers all begin with 2-226 ... : several hundred pages each, bibliographical material supplied, indexes.
 
This extended essay reviews the latest volume on Guyane.
EFFECTS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS AT AFRICA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY KAREN, NAIROBI
Authors:   ,   AFRICA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, MUKUNDI MARK B.
Published: November 2024

This study examines how socio-economic status (SES) relates to the academic performance of university students. It looks at factors like parents’ income, parents’ education, and family size. Studies consistently show a link between higher SES and better academic results. Students from wealthier families usually have more access to educational resources. Conversely, students from lower SES backgrounds face challenges such as limited access to educational resources, insufficient learning environments, and higher stress levels. These disparities contribute to an overall academic success. This investigation employs quantitative survey to gather comprehensive data. The quantitative aspect involves surveying a diverse sample of undergraduate students to assess their academic additionally, the psychological and emotional toll of financial constraints can impact students’ ability to concentrate and persist in their academic pursuit. Understanding the degrees of how SES intersects with other variables, such as race and gender, is crucial for developing targeted interventions to address disparities thus ensuring that all undergraduate students, regardless of socio-economic background, have equitable opportunities to excel academically.
O ACESSO E PERMANÊNCIA À ESCOLA COMO ESTRATÉGIA DE DIMINUIÇÃO DAS DESIGUALDADES SOCIAIS E DE GÊNERO: UM OLHAR PARA O FEMININO
Authors: Viveiros Kilza Fernanda Moreira de
Published: November 2024

Este artigo se inscreve sobre os fundamentos desenvolvidos por nossas investigações no campo dos estudos feministas e história da infância, hoje ramificados pelos estudos e pesquisas sobre a relação educação pobreza, desigualdade social, e direitos humanos. Nesse último campo, se destacam estudos sobre a educação, acesso e permanência de pobres e vulneráveis na escola básica. A nossa abordagem teórica metodológica se orienta por referenciais do campo da história da educação, da história cultural, da sociologia, das políticas educacionais e da pedagogia, com destaque aos estudos de cultura (BURKE, 2005), educação emancipadora (FREIRE, 1998), estratégia (CERTEAU, 2007), representação (CHARTIER, 1988), cultura escolar (JULIA, 2001), currículo (MOREIRA & SILVA, 2005; APPLE, 2000; SACRISTÁN, 2000; PACHECO, 2001) e Desigualdade e justiça social (VIVEIROS, 2020).Objetiva refletir sobre a presença dos femininos e suas representações no acesso e permanência à escola como direito social e humano, assim como maneira de garantia de uma sociedade mais igualitária. Conclui acreditando ser a educação o caminho inicial para a superação das desigualdades e injustiças sociais e, a escola, o lugar da experiência do incluir, portanto lugar de garantia de um direito humano.
Cutis Verticis Gyrata Differential Diagnosis: Clinical Case
Authors: Belysheva Tatiana S. , Zelenova Ekaterina E. , Gassan Tatiana A. , Ambarchyan Eduard T. , Denieva Malika I. , Vishnevskaya Yana V. , Nasedkina Tatiana V. , Murashkin Nikolay N.
Published: November 2024

Background. Cutis verticis gyrata is rare benign scalp disorder characterized by excessive skin and subcutaneous tissue proliferation and hypertrophy. Nowadays, there are three forms of this disease with various developmental mechanisms and associated manifestations. Clinical case description. This article presents the patient admitted with diagnosis and clinical picture of pachydermia, who underwent surgical excision of scalp abnormal tissues. However, the diagnosis of giant congenital melanocytic nevus was established according to the results of clinical examination. Later it was confirmed by histological and immunohistological studies. Moreover, pathogenic variants in the NRAS gene were not revealed. Conclusion. This case demonstrates the complexity of differential diagnosis of pachydermia that leads to careful examination of patients with morphogenetic studies of affected tissues samples.
Current Management of Pediatric Patients with Post-Burn Scars: Case Study
Authors: Kruglova Larisa S. , Stenko Anna G. , Rubtsova Lyubov A. , Kruglova Mariya S.
Published: November 2024

Background. Post-burn scars are common among pediatric patients. Pathological scarring is clear indication for conservative or surgical management of pediatric patients who continue to grow and develop after the resolution of burn injuries. Such lesions can significantly reduce patients' quality of life and, moreover, cause significant functional and aesthetic discomfort. Clinical cases description. The results of observation over two children (2 years 7 months and 12 years) with developing post-burn scars are demonstrated. Successful management method using physiotherapeutic complex (including monopolar radiofrequency treatment combined with ultrasound therapy, photodynamic therapy, and close-focus X-ray therapy) is presented. Conclusion. Modern trends in post-burn scars management are based on timely implementation of effective and safe methods early on rehabilitation stages and tissue restoration after burn injury to prevent pathological scarring and achieve control over its activity.
Proteus Syndrome: Description of Two Clinical Cases
Authors: Belysheva Tatiana S. , Zelenova Ekaterina E. , Semenova Nataliya A. , Sharapova Elena V. , Semenova Vera V. , Sagoyan Garik B. , Bychkova Ekaterina V. , Gorodilova Darya V. , Murashkin Nikolay N. , Kumirova Ella V. , Emtsova Victoria V. , Valiev Timur T. , Nasedkina Tatiana V. , Strelnikov Vladimir V.
Published: November 2024

Background. Proteus syndrome is extremely rare congenital multisystem disease with high variability in clinical manifestations. Its prevalence is unknown, there are less than 200 cases in the world literature. The syndrome is a classic example of somatic mosaicism, and all target drugs for its management are based on it. Clinical case description. This article describes two clinical cases with somatic variants of the nucleotide sequence in the AKT1 gene, mosaic form, revealed by the NGS method. Target drug (mTOR-inhibitors group) was assigned in one case. Conclusion. The description of the phenotypic features of patients with Proteus syndrome is crucial as this pathology is very rare. It is necessary to increase the awareness of clinicians about this disease to develop a plan for dynamic follow-up with consideration to life-threatening complications (malignant tumors and thrombembolia risk). Genetic verification of Proteus syndrome is mandatory nowadays as target therapy is actively developed and implemented, thus, revision of clinical guidelines is recommended.
Pimecrolimus Efficacy and Safety in Management of Children with Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Murashkin Nikolay N. , Pavlova Ekaterina S. , Epishev Roman V. , Materikin Alexander I. , Ivanov Roman A. , Opryatin Leonid A. , Fedorov Dmitriy V. , Leonova Mariya A. , Savelova Alena A.
Published: November 2024

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common inflammatory skin diseases. Early management of AD is crucial for preventing the development of atopic disease such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, etc. Topical glucocorticoids (TGCs) are used as first-line therapy, however, their long-term use poses the risk for patient's health. Despite the rapid clinical response at skin process aggravation, long-term use of TGCs in first-line therapy is associated with various adverse events, including: skin atrophy, hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal axis suppression, telangiectasis, etc. All together it limits the long-term TGCs use, especially in management of pediatric patients and using such drugs in sensitive regions such as face and intertriginous areas. Due to these limitations TGCs should only be used for a short period of time. Thus, limitations in both treatment duration and number of drugs make TGCs non-optimal for long-term AD treatment. Pimecrolimus (1% cream) is a topical calcineurin inhibitor that is indicated for the treatment of mild to moderate AD. Pimecrolimus does not cause any significant side effects compared to TGCs and it is well tolerated for long-term administration.
Dupilumab Efficacy in Children with Palmoplantar Eczema
Authors: Murashkin Nikolay N. , Opryatin Leonid A. , Pavlova Ekaterina S. , Epishev Roman V. , Materikin Alexandr I. , Ivanov Roman A. , Leonova Mariya A. , Fedorov Dmitriy V. , Savelova Alena A.
Published: November 2024

Background. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with such clinical manifestations as eczematous lesions and itching. One of its clinical forms is palmoplantar eczema. It is urgent and unresolved issue in pediatric dermatology as this disease significantly affect the patients’ quality of life due to involvement of functionally significant areas, symptoms severity, difficult induction of remission. Clinical case description. This article presents case series of patients with AD involving palms and soles who have shown positive results to the treatment with genetically engineered biologic drug — dupilumab. Conclusion. Palmoplantar eczema, as one of the forms of AD, hardly responds to topical therapy in clinical practice of dermatologist. Moreover, systemic treatment is not only limited in pediatrics, but also is not effective enough. Prescription of the genetically engineered biologic drug, dupilumab, seems to be one of the effective methods for management of this disease in these patients.
Management of Generalized Vitiligo in Adolescent with Tofacitinib: Clinical Case
Authors: Ambarchyan Eduard T. , Kuzminova Anastasiya D. , Ivanchikov Vladislav V. , Rogova Aleksandra A.
Published: November 2024

Background. Vitiligo is a depigmenting skin disease characterized by selective loss of melanocytes leading to development of typical white spots. There are various theories on vitiligo etiology: genetic, autoimmune, neurogenic, autoinflammatory, oxidative stress theory, and many others. Generally accepted dominant role is given to the concept of its autoimmune nature. Vitiligo management traditionally includes different methods of phototherapy, topical and systemic glucocorticoids (GC), and calcineurin inhibitors. Recently, Janus kinase inhibitors (JAK) have shown its efficacy in treatment of vitiligo. Clinical case description. 13-year-old male adolescent has complaints of hypopigmentation areas on the skin of face, trunk and limbs that appeared after active solar insolation during summer vacation. Dermatologist has determined a diagnosis of vitiligo according to clinical picture. Topical GC of the 3rd activity class were used for treatment, as well as course of local narrow-band medium-wave photodynamic therapy (311 nm, No. 30) with no significant effect. The patient was admitted to the dermatology department of Research Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery where therapy with JAK inhibitor, tofacitinib, was initiated due to inefficacy of previous treatment and the generalized form of the disease. Conclusion. Management of vitiligo with JAK inhibitors, in particular tofacitinib, is a promising method and it can lead to significant clinical effect with safety profile comparable to conventional therapies for this pathology.
Adsorption studies of methylene blue using mangosteen shell porous biochar as adsorbent
Authors: Yan Zhao , Bingguo Li , Zhentao Hu , Mengyu Li
Published: November 2024

The biomass of mangosteen shells was utilized as a raw material to prepare activated carbon based on mangosteen shells through a two-step process of mixed alkali carbonization and activation. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the activated carbon in removing methylene blue. The optimum preparation conditions for the study are KOH:NaOH:mangosteen shell carbon = 1:1: 1 with a particle size of 80 mesh. The activated carbon exhibits a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area of 1432.699 m2/g and a Langmuir maximum specific surface area of 2066.130 m2/g. It demonstrates excellent adsorption performance for methylene blue, with a maximum adsorption amount of 985.5 mg/g. Characterization of the activated carbon is conducted using various techniques including scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectrometry, Fourier infrared spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and BET theory. The adsorption results were consistent with the Freundlich model and the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, indicating that the carbon material exhibits multilayer physical adsorption characteristics for methylene blue. The prepared material offers a large specific surface area, good environmental economics, and excellent adsorption performance, making it a promising choice for adsorption material preparation compared with other biomass activated carbons.
Development of a novel cylindrical cam shaking table for geotechnical centrifuge modelling
Authors: Sahare Anurag , Sano Kazuya , Itoh Kazuya , Suemasa Naoaki , Tanaka Tsuyoshi , Torita Mitsuyoshi , Takeoka Ryoma
Published: November 2024

The use of dynamic centrifuge modelling has substantially risen over the years for investigating failure mechanisms, studying the physics-based mechanics of soil–structure systems, and validating numerical tools. Nevertheless, the primary issues associated with the use of servo-hydraulic actuators (presently the prevailing shaking table for a geotechnical centrifuge) are their exorbitant expense, intricate operation, and shaking control. This paper describes the development of a novel cylindrical cam shaker for the newly installed Mark III geotechnical centrifuge facility at Tokyo City University. The cylindrical cam mechanism is activated once the desired voltage is applied by way of the electrical slip rings. The rotation of the cylindrical cam is translated into the linear motion of the follower plate, which then moves the shaker linearly back and forth. A stepwise procedure is developed to determine the voltage required to drive the shaker and achieve the desired earthquake characteristics for a given payload mass and centrifugal acceleration. The performance of the shaker was systematically assessed through a series of dynamic centrifuge experiments at different centrifugal accelerations and payload masses. Finally, the excellent capabilities of the developed mechanical shaker in terms of the repeatability of the base motions were demonstrated using a model example.
"LOVE CANNOT BE FORCED" OR HOW COERCIVE ISOMORPHISM PROVOKES DIVER-GENCE: THE CASE OF THE ITALIAN REGIONAL SYSTEM
Authors:   Perm Research Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Sulimov K. A.
Published: November 2024

The Italian regional system is characterized by great institutional asymmetry and diversity. Moreover, there is evidence that this diversity is only increasing. Initially, there were only two modes of institutional status - five "special" regions and fifteen "ordinary" regions. But each special region eventually acquired its own specific system of powers through bilateral negotiations with the central government. Likewise, there has been a divergence among the ordinary regions, both in terms of internal dynamics and in their relations with Rome in their pursuit of additional powers. At the same time, throughout the entire existence of this institutional system, there have been strong isomorphic trends. This is true for central authorities that tried to reduce institutional asymmetry (constitutional reform of 2001, and a failed reform of 2016, etc.) as well as for regions and other actors that tried to mimic/borrow successful institutional forms for their own development. As a result, asymmetry and institutional diversity as one of the main features of Italian regionalism may be explained by the fact that the mechanisms that promote isomorphic change may also support divergence processes.
WHY CAN'T WE PRESERVE LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY? THE MAINTENANCE OF THE LANGUAGES OF RUSSIA, LANGUAGE POLICY AND LANGUAGE REVITALIZATION
Authors:   HSE University, Zamyatin K. Yu. ,   Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2024

In recent years, “preservation of linguistic diversity” has been included as one of the goals of the state nationality policy. Efforts to preserve languages are undertaken both at the level of state policy “from above” and the practical activities of language activists “from below”. However, despite the official recognition of the problem of language loss and the rise of language activism, it has not yet been possible to achieve any noticeable results in solving the practical problem of preserving languages. In this article, I analyze the reasons for the ineffectiveness of these efforts and argue that obstacles exist not only at the level of practical activity, but also in applied research. Language policy practitioners implement language policy “from above,” but so far their work remains without solid scientific and conceptual grounds. In the world science at the moment there are two relevant research programs – research on language policy and research on language revitalization. In Russian science, at the theoretical level in the study of language, society and power an adequate interdisciplinary basis has not yet appeared, therefore, at the applied level, there is no high-quality scientific expertise in the field of policy for the preservation and development of Russian languages and their revitalization.
JUSTIFYING THE VALUE OF PUBLIC DISCOURSE IN THEORIES OF DELIBERATIVE DEMOCRACY: MAIN STRATEGIES AND THEIR CRITIQUE
Authors:   Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Shaveko N. A.
Published: November 2024

The article considers the most common ways in which supporters of the deliberative model of democracy justify the key element of this model – deliberation (public discourse) – as well as the most common ways in which these justifications are criticized. The author proposes a new classification of the existing arguments "for" and "against" deliberative democracy, clarifying the nature of the theoretical debates in Western political science in recent decades and presenting the normative attractiveness of the model under consideration. The article presents two types of mainly instrumental justification (epistemic and non-epistemic). Furthermore, the author distinguishes three main lines of criticism, within the framework of which the justification of deliberation is disputed in the modern Western scientific literature. All of these criticisms are more practical than theoretical. The author concludes that the "deliberative turn" in Western democratic theory has not discredited elitist and participatory approaches to understanding democracy, but has merely supplemented them with normative considerations, according to which not only the quantity but also the quality of individual preferences and political participation ("input data") are important, as well as not only an individual but also a social perspective.
LEGAL REGULATION OF GRASSROOTS CIVIC ACTIVITY IN THE SUBJECTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   P. G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Sokolov A. V. , Isaeva E. A. ,   P. G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Grebenko E. D. ,   P. G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University
Published: November 2024

Grassroots civic engagement is a practice initiated voluntarily by citizens to solve locally significant social problems. The most common forms of civic engagement today are volunteerism, non-profit organization activities, initiative budgeting, territorial public self-government, and charity. The study of these practices from the regulatory point of view is important, especially for creating opportunities for effective communication mechanisms between government and society in order to make socio-political decisions and reduce the severity of local problems. The study aims to identify the features of regulation of the main forms of grassroots civic activity in the constituent territories of Russia. The authors use content analysis of 1144 normative acts of 85 Russian constituencies regulating grassroots civic activity based on the Consultant Plus database with subsequent processing in the IBM SPSS Statistics program. In consequence, modern approaches to understanding grassroots civic activity are summarized, the regulatory framework for regulating grassroots civic activity in the Russian regions is analyzed, and relevant examples of regulation at the regional level are highlighted. The results show that the most legal acts are adopted regarding the forms of grassroots civic activity aimed at solving local development issues and socially significant problems. The main initiator of normative acts is the executive authorities of the regions.
On the method of active slip system detection in olivine porphyroclasts by EBSD
Authors:   Institute of Geology UFRC RAS, Saveliev D. E.
Published: November 2024

The paper examines the sequence of determining the slip system in olivine porphyroclasts of mantle tectonites using the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) method. Determination of the orientations of the main crystallographic axes [100], [010], [001], the boundaries of kink bands and rotation axes is carried out automatically using the HKL Channel 5 or MTEX programs. The paper provides an example of such an analysis and shows that the study of porphyroclasts is an important clarifying method that complements statistical pole figure diagrams.
On the analcime nature in Permic rocks of the Caspian and Solikamsk depressions
Authors:   Mining Institute UB RAS, Utkina T. A. , Chaikovskiy I. I. ,   Mining Institute UB RAS, Korotchenkova O. V. ,   Mining Institute UB RAS, Chirkova E. P. ,   Mining Institute UB RAS, Fedorov T. V. ,   Mining Institute UB RAS
Published: November 2024

The findings of authigenic analcime are described in the sheshmin ore and barren sandstones of the Solikamsk depression of the Pre-Ural foredeep, as well as the Upper Kazan carbonate-argillite and Tatarian mudstone-siltstone rocks of the Saratov-Orenburg trough of the Caspian basin. Based on the Na/Al and Si/Al ratios, analcimes are divided into three groups. The first is confined to carbonate layers in the terrigenous strata, is characterized by high sodium and silicon contents and is associated with the transformation of pyroclastics in highly alkaline conditions. For analcimes of the second group, formed in clayey and carbonate-clayey layers, enriched in sodium and depleted in silicon, a connection with soda waters is assumed. Low sodium contents and variability of silicon in analcimes of the third group from polymictic cuprous and barren sandstones indicate the presence of fragments of acidic and basic (tholeiitic) rocks in the rock.
Features of the formation of mineral medicinal mud Suksun pond
Authors:   Perm State National Research University, Kilin Yu. A. , Minkevich I. I. ,   Perm State National Research University, Byvaltsev V. D. ,   Perm State National Research University
Published: November 2024

Therapeutic mineral muds are of great practical importance in balneology. The term therapeutic mud, according to international terminology, refers to peloids (pelos – from Greek mud, silt), which include peats, clays and other natural formations used for mud treatment. The Suksunsky pond, fed by the waters of the Suksunchik, Kiselevka and Sandushka rivers, receives water of high mineralization (up to 2 g/dm3) with the presence of hydrogen sulfide in the waters, which settles to the bottom, and under the influence of which, the silt deposits of the Suksunsky pond are transformed into therapeutic mud. Muds are dark gray and black silt low-mineralized medium-sulfide hydrocarbonate calcium peloids. The healing factor is mineralization, ion-salt composition, organically active components.
Geochemical research of surface lithosphere and phytosphere in the west of the Siberian platform
Authors:   Perm State National Research University, Kopylov I. S.
Published: November 2024

Geochemical research of the near-surface lithosphere and phytosphere in the west of the Siberian Platform were carried out. The results of spectral analysis of soils (660 samples) and vegetation (1300 samples) indicate a complex distribution of microelements depending on various natural and man-made factors. Various anomalies in soils for 11 microelements (Mn, Ni, Ti, Zr, Cu, V, Pb, P, Ba, Sr) were established, of which 8 complex anomalies were found in the areas of the Yurubchenskoye and Omorinskoye oil and gas fields. The geochemical field of microelements in the phytosphere has a complex mosaic structure; numerous small anomalies in different elements have been identified.
Typomorphic features of various rocks’ products of weathering in connection with diamondprospecting works
Authors:   Western Yakut Scientific Center AS RS, Zinchuk N. N. , Zinchuk M. N. ,   Western Yakut Scientific Center AS RS
Published: November 2024

Results of complex research of different in age ancient crusts of weatheringon various rocks (terrigenous-carbonate rocks of Lower Paleozoic, dolerites, tuffsand tufogene formations, kimberlites) of the main diamondiferous regions of theSiberian platform indicated that the most important typomorphic indications ofclay formations in the studied crusts of weathering are as follows: a) omnipresentdioctahedral hydromica (2М1) in the crust of weathering of terrigenous-carbonaterocks and its association in the most mature profiles with kaolinite of relativelyordered structure, than of kaolinite, having been formed at the expense of other rocks;b) constant availability of trappean formation (tuffs, tufogene rocks, dolerites) insections of crusts of weathering together with di- and trioctahedral montmorillonite,as well as disordered vermiculite-montmorillonite mixed-layered formation, to thisor that degree disordered kaolinite, associated in the crust of weathering of tufogenerocks with halloysite (at complete absence of micaceous minerals in the productsof weathering); c) the content in the crust of weathering of kimberlites togetherwith polycationic montmorillonite of a significant quantity of trioctahedral chlorite(packets δ and δ’), serpentine (structural types A and B) and altered to various degreephlogopite, including related with it hydromica 1M.
Study of the influence post-deposition changes on the reservoir properties Lower Famenian carbonate sediments the Pechoro-Kolva oil-and-gas bearing region
Authors:   LUKOIL Engineering Ltd - PermNIPIneft Branch Office in Perm, Pavlenko T. V. , Dementieva K. V. ,   LUKOIL Engineering Ltd - PermNIPIneft Branch Office in Perm, Lebedintseva E. E. ,   LUKOIL Engineering Ltd - PermNIPIneft Branch Office in Perm
Published: November 2024

Based on the analysis of the results of permeability and porosity, petrographicstudy of rocks in sections in combination with scanning electron microscopic studiesand X-ray diffractometry, post-deposition changes in carbonate deposits and the degreeof their influence on the reservoir properties of the Lower Famenian reefs depositsof the Timan-Pechora oil and gas province were studied. A significant heterogeneityof the void was determined in the studied rocks. It was revealed that the significantvariability of reservoir properties and the complex configuration of the void is due tothe processes of recrystallization, dolomitization, leaching, calcitization, sulfatizationand fissuring.
Special issue series: Advancing wild bee research and conservation through standardized methods
Authors: Woodard Sarah , Leveson Hannah
Published: November 2024

This introductory piece offers an overview of the seven accompanying papers featured in this special issue, a product of the U.S. Native Bee Monitoring Research and Coordination Network.
Geopaideia pelo olhar do EMGEOCS
Authors: Copetti Callai Helena , Ilgenfritz Toso Cláudia Eliane , De Moraes Maristela M.
Published: November 2024

O artigo apresenta uma leitura reflexiva do processo de consolidação e formação do grupo interinstitucional de pesquisa Geopaideia, que se interessa pela relação com a geografia, seu aprendizado e ensino na formação de professores, ou seja, a incidência da formação de licenciados para a geografia escolar. O artigo faz um balanço da trajetória, conquistas e algumas limitações que são normalmente encontradas em grupos de pesquisa, mas destaca a contribuição da Geopaideia como uma comunidade acadêmica e grupo que constrói conhecimento situado.
Um panorama das pesquisas desenvolvidas pelos jovens investigadores da Redladgeo 2021
Authors: Dantas de Souza Livia Reis , Urze Risette Marcia Cristina , Rodrigues Marangão Camilla
Published: November 2024

O presente trabalho apresenta uma análise das temáticas de pesquisa dos artigos de jovens investigadores de Didática de Geografia divulgados durante o evento do vi Colóquio da REDLADGEO (Valparaíso, 2021). A partir do levantamento das palavras-chave e dos resumos das produções, buscamos construir um panorama dos assuntos mais recorrentes a fim de identificar temas que estão em voga e lacunas que precisam ser iluminadas. A comparação das pesquisas dos jovens investigadores, com produções acadêmicas do Brasil e da publicação Anekumene, permitu ampliar a análise, traçando paralelos. Destacar a importância do conhecimento já produzido no campo da Educação Geográfica e apontar novas possibilidades de percursos são as contribuições do artigo para aprofundar as reflexões sobre nossa área de investigação.
¿Cómo hacer del paisaje sonoro una herramienta pedagógica?
Authors: Carranza-Chocontá Sebastián Felipe
Published: November 2024

El presente trabajo es producto de algunas consideraciones que, durante la exploración de mi trabajo sobre el Paisaje Sonoro, han ido surgiendo en el marco de la escuela, la ciudad y su uso como instrumento de indagación. En una primera instancia, se hablará de cómo el uso de otros sentidos nos permite que los matices sonoros hablen de todas aquellas características que se encuentran dentro del mismo espacio geográfico demostrando su importancia y valor a la hora de organizarlo. En una segunda instancia, se hablará de la relevancia que tiene como dispositivo, como herramienta dentro de la escuela, y como una posibilidad de estudio; lo que deja al descubierto las diferentes formas en las cuales los sonidos pueden hablar de la ciudad. Finalmente, se responde a la cuestión por qué llevar este instrumento al interior del aula como insumo pedagógico e investigativo.
¿El espacio es relacional, relativo o absoluto? La naturaleza del espacio geográfico que enseñamos y su dimensión intercultural
Authors: Llancavil Llancavil Daniel , Arenas Martija Andoni
Published: November 2024

La Geografía es una ciencia en la cual encontramos conceptos controversiales que merecen análisis y ser puestos siempre en reflexión a fin de evitar ambigüedades en cuanto a su valor cognoscitivo y a su consistencia epistemológica. Este ensayo es una invitación a reflexionar sobre el Espacio Geográfico respondiendo la pregunta ¿El espacio es relacional, relativo o absoluto?, una interrogante compleja y, por cierto, muchas veces polémica. Desde este marco sostenemos que, con respecto a la naturaleza del Espacio Geográfico, no se puede afirmar que este es totalmente absoluto, relativo o relacional. Las tres concepciones de espacio conviven de manera permanente y no se ha de optar por uno de ellos puesto que la “realidad geográfica” ha manifestado esa complejidad. A partir de lo anterior, se abren las puertas hacia una nueva dimensión de espacio que acoja las concepciones y saberes ancestrales de grupos originarios que muchas veces quedan fuera de estas clasificaciones: el espacio intercultural. Desde dentro-fuera del Wallmapu levantamos esta demanda, no solo en términos personales sino colectivos, y que es a su vez una fuerte interpelación reflexiva a la Geografía como disciplina científica y su enseñanza.
Imaginarios en tensión. El adentro y el afuera de Sumapaz
Authors: Ortiz-Tobón Sergio Elías
Published: November 2024

El espacio habitado en la Localidad de Sumapaz al sur de la capital colombiana es de fácil descripción desde las coordenadas y las distancias métricas o temporales. Sin embargo, para los individuos que habitan de manera cotidiana dicho espacio, es algo vivo y el paisaje se hace comprensible como un libro que evidencia los ciclos de la tierra o la responsabilidad ante el otro, lo que refleja la trascendencia, en un sentido histórico y a la vez cotidiano, de formar comunidad y encontrar, apropiar y construir el espacio. Por otra parte, los imaginarios del adentro y del afuera en la Localidad de Sumapaz permiten evidenciar una disputa en las formas de apropiación y control del espacio; es por esto que la tensión que existe entre los imaginarios construyen el sentido y significado del territorio e influyen en los comportamientos y las prácticas cotidianas, en especial de los actores que inciden en Sumapaz. Este documento hace parte de la investigación desarrollada bajo el apoyo y la guía conceptual de la Línea de Construcción Social del Espacio en la Maestría en Estudios Sociales de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional.