bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biomimetic artificial cells to model the effect of membrane asymmetry on chemoresistance
Authors: Stephenson Elanna B. , Elvira Katherine S.
Published: June 2021

A microfluidic platform that enables formation of biomimetic, asymmetric droplet interface bilayers (DIBs) as cell models for cancer pharmacokinetics.
The emergence of intense near-infrared photoluminescence by photoactivation of silver nanoclusters
Authors: Ishii Wataru , Katao Shohei , Nishikawa Yoshiko , Okajima Yasuo , Hatori Atsuya , Ehara Masahiro , Kawai Tsuyoshi , Nakashima Takuya
Published: June 2021

Intense photoluminescence in the near-infrared region was stimulated by the photoirradiation of Ag29 nanoclusters in pyridine solution.
h-FBN assisted negative ion paper spray for the sensitive detection of small molecules
Authors: Yang Yanmei , Niu Weihua , Wang Weiqing , Qi Siyun , Tong Lili , Mu Xiaoyan , Chen Zhenzhen , Li Weifeng , Tang Bo
Published: June 2021

Fluorinated boron nitride nanosheets significantly enhanced the detection capability of negative ion mode PS-MS towards small molecules in serum and blood.
Reshaping the active pocket of promiscuous lactonases for degrading bulky organophosphate flame retardants
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhang Xiaoyan , Cheng Huan , Nina Mario Roque Huanca , Ge Jun , Bai Yunpeng
Published: June 2021

Engineering of a promiscuous lactonase via semi-rational evolution gave a 1007-fold improvement in its catalytic activity in the degradation of triphenyl phosphate (TPHP).
Highlights from Faraday Discussion: Reaction mechanisms in catalysis, UK, 17th–19th February 2021 (online)
Authors: Eremin Dmitry B.
Published: June 2021

A virtual Faraday Discussion meeting was held on the topic of ‘Reaction mechanisms in catalysis’. This report covers the highlights of this meeting, including brief summaries of the papers discussed and comments on the success of the virtual nature of the meeting.
Linear negative thermal expansion in Pd(acac)2
Authors: Petters Ludwig , Burger Stefan , Kronawitter Silva , Drees Markus , Kieslich Gregor
Published: June 2021

We propose that chemical interactions in the coordination compound Pd(acac)2 can be mapped on a wine-rack network, explaining linear negative thermal expansion in a classic coordination compound based on concepts known from network materials.
First-principles study of graphenylene/MoX2(X = S, Te, and Se) van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Meftakhutdinov R. M. , Sibatov R. T. , Kochaev A. I. , Evseev D. A.
Published: June 2021

Novel van der Waals heterostructures from graphenylene and 2D 1H-MoX2(X = S, Te, and Se) monolayers are analyzed usingab initiocalculations. They are stable under normal conditions and exhibit optical absorption across the entire visible range.
Acenes and phenacenes in their lowest-lying triplet states. Does kinked remain more stable than straight?
Authors: Pino-Rios Ricardo , Báez-Grez Rodrigo , Solà Miquel
Published: June 2021

The relative stability of phenacenes compared to their acene isomers in their lowest-lying triplet states can be explained by a combination their (anti)aromatic character and the presence of H⋯H repulsions in the bay region of phenacenes.
The pnictogen bond: a quantitative molecular orbital picture
Authors: de Azevedo Santos Lucas , Hamlin Trevor A. , Ramalho Teodorico C. , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias
Published: June 2021

Our quantitative molecular orbital analyses show that pnictogen bonds are not solely electrostatic phenomena, but also have a strongly stabilizing covalent component, just like chalcogen-, halogen-, and hydrogen bonds.
Caveat when using ADC(2) for studying the photochemistry of carbonyl-containing molecules
Authors: Marsili Emanuele , Prlj Antonio , Curchod Basile F. E.
Published: June 2021

We highlight a shortcoming of the (SCS)-ADC(2) method when studying the photophysics and photochemistry of carbonyl-containing molecules.
Hierarchical crumpled NiMn2O4@MXene composites for high rate ion transport electrochemical supercapacitors
Authors: Yan Hailong , Cheng Jinbing , Bai Zuxue , Peng Tao , Lu Yang , Kim Jang-Kyo , Luo Yongsong
Published: June 2021

NiMn2O4@MXene composites with crumpled surface (C-NMO@MX) were prepared. The C-NMO@MX electrode shows a much higher rate performance and a specific capacitance. The C-NMO@MX delivers a high energy density of 118.9 W h kg−1 at 1.92 kW kg−1.
One-pot atmospheric pressure synthesis of [H3Ru4(CO)12]−
Authors: Cesari Cristiana , Bortoluzzi Marco , Femoni Cristina , Iapalucci Maria Carmela , Zacchini Stefano
Published: June 2021

The [H3Ru4(CO)12]−polyhydride carbonyl cluster has been obtained using a one-pot synthesis by reductive carbonylation of RuCl3·3H2O at CO-atmospheric pressure.
Integration of cobalt ion assisted Fenton digestion and photochemical vapor generation: a green method for rapid determination of trace cadmium in rice
Authors: Mou Qing , Dong Liang , Xu Lei , Song Zelin , Yu Ying , Wang Erhu , Zhao Yuhao , Gao Ying
Published: June 2021

Integrating Fenton-like digestion as well as metal ion assisted photochemical vapor generation for analysis of Cd in rice samples, coupled with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) measurements.
Correction: Construction of PtSe2/Ge heterostructure-based short-wavelength infrared photodetector array for image sensing and optical communication applications
Authors: Lu Yu , Wang Yue , Xu Chenhao , Xie Chao , Li Wenbin , Ding Jie , Zhou Wanying , Qin Zipeng , Shen Xinyi , Luo Lin-Bao
Published: June 2021

Correction for ‘Construction of PtSe2/Ge heterostructure-based short-wavelength infrared photodetector array for image sensing and optical communication applications’ by Yu Lu et al., Nanoscale, 2021, 13, 7606–7612, DOI: 10.1039/D1NR00333J.
Photoactivatable AMPA for the study of glutamatergic neuronal transmission using two-photon excitation
Authors: Deodato Davide , Asad Naeem , Dore Timothy M.
Published: June 2021

TMP-CyHQ-AMPA is a photoactivatable form of a glutamate receptor agonist that has high sensitivity to 2-photon excitation. It can be used to study glutamatergic transmission with exceptional spatial-temporal resolution in complex tissue preparations.
Copper(i)–catalyzed intramolecular asymmetric C-arylation of acyclic β-ester amides: enantioselective formation of chiral oxindoles
Authors: Deng Zhuoji , Feng Jiajie , Zhou Fengtao , Ouyang Yifan , Ma Haowen , Zhou Wei , Zhang Xinhao , Cai Qian
Published: June 2021

A highly efficient intramolecular asymmetric C-arylation of acyclic β-ester amides is demonstrated.
Cascaded pattern formation in hydrogel medium using the polymerisation approach
Authors: Abe Keita , Murata Satoshi , Kawamata Ibuki
Published: June 2021

A novel reaction-diffusion system utilizing two-segment DNA polymerisation is proposed. Produced pattern is immobilised in a hydrogel medium, which enables cascaded reaction for further pattern formation.
Fe-doping induced localized amorphization in ultrathin α-Ni(OH)2 nanomesh for superior oxygen evolution reaction catalysis
Authors: Song Yanhui , Song Meixiu , Liu Peizhi , Liu Weiwei , Yuan Lijun , Hao Xiaodong , Pei Linyuan , Xu Bingshe , Guo Junjie , Sun Ziqi
Published: June 2021

Local crystallinity, accelerating the reaction kinetics, has been confirmed to afford enhanced OER performance. Herein, we established the relationship between the amorphization rate and the catalytic activity of 2D α-Ni(OH)2 nanomesh through Fe doping.
Frustrated structures and pattern formation after thermal quenches in cholesteric liquid crystal droplets
Authors: Biagio Renan L. , Souza Rodolfo T. , Evangelista Luiz R. , Zola Rafael S.
Published: June 2021

Structural evolution simulations with stochastic nature of cholesteric liquid crystal droplets in homeotropic and planar degenerated anchoring under a thermal quenching procedure from random initial states to organized supramolecular structures.
Enhanced spatial modulation with generalized antenna selection in MISO channels
Authors: Qing Hua , Yu Hua , Liu Yun , Wen Miaowen
Published: June 2021

Here, an enhanced spatial modulation with generalized antenna selection (ESM‐GAS) for multiple‐input single‐output systems is proposed. Unlike the conventional SM systems, in ESM‐GAS, the number of active antennas is not fixed, but varies from only one to all. In ESM‐GAS, a concept called equivalent antennas is introduced to describe the status of the antennas. Out of all the available equivalent antennas, a subset is selected as the candidate antennas for SM, in which additional information bits are used to determine the indices of the activated equivalent antennas. Two criteria are used to select the candidate equivalent antennas. One is ESM‐GAS, where a part of candidate equivalent antennas with larger channel power gains are selected with low computational complexity. To further improve the bit error ratio (BER) performance of ESM‐GAS, the other one is a combination scheme of Euclidean distance antenna selection (EDAS) and ESM‐GAS (ESM‐GAS‐EDAS). Simulation results show that ESM‐GAS has better BER performance than conventional SM, and ESM‐GAS‐EDAS outperforms conventional SM, EDAS‐based SM, and ESM‐GAS, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.
Prior knowledge‐based statistical estimation of linear false tracks in uniform distributed clutter
Authors: Wang Fei , Lu Wenfeng , Shi Chenguang , Zhou Jianjiang
Published: June 2021

A large number of initialised false tracks in clutter environments will cause a heavy burden on the detection and track‐processing system. The quantity of initialised false tracks in clutter used to be estimated by experience or simulation, which lacks a fundamental explanation in theory. In order to estimate the amount of linear initialised false tracks with analytical expressions, statistical estimators are proposed based on prior knowledge of the clutter in a two‐dimensional scenario. Meanwhile, the differential Hough transform is presented to verify the estimators. To be specific, firstly, a one‐dimensional scenario is illustrated to present the statistical estimators of the number of initialised linear and equal‐length false tracks, which is based on statistical estimation theory. Secondly, regarding the clutter map as a uniform distributed binary image, the estimators described at first are extended to a two‐dimensional situation. Finally, to verify the validity of the proposed estimators, a differential Hough transform algorithm is utilised to obtain the number of linear and equal‐length tracks in the simulation. The results show that the estimators proposed herein are reasonable in a certain clutter environment.
Feedback stabilization of a 3D fluid flow by shape deformations of an obstacle
Authors: Raymond Jean-Pierre , Vanninathan Muthusamy
Published: June 2021

We consider a fluid flow in a time dependent domain Ωf(t)=Ω\Ωs(t)̅⊂ℝ3, surrounding a deformable obstacle Ωs(t). We assume that the fluid flow satisfies the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in Ωf(t), t > 0. We prove that, for any arbitrary exponential decay rate ω > 0, if the initial condition of the fluid flow is small enough in some norm, the deformation of the boundary ∂Ωs(t) can be chosen so that the fluid flow is stabilized to rest, and the obstacle to its initial shape and its initial location, with the exponential decay rate ω > 0.
Intensification of the process of decomposition of oil-water emulsions stabilized with hydrochloric acid
Authors: Kondratyuk A.A. , Karpenko I.N. , Konovalov V.V.
Published: June 2021

The major goal of oil and gas companies working in the oilfields on the late stages of development is to maintain a high level of hydrocarbon production. Analysis of well intervention techniques (WITs) in the oilfields of the Samara Region shows that most often the bottomhole area is treated with reagents containing hydrochloric acid, which significantly effects the efficiency of well fluid preparation processes. The paper summarizes the results of studies of the impact of hydrochloric acid on the rheological and near-surface properties of water-in-oil emulsions (WOEs). It is shown that the presence of acid and/or products of its reaction with the oil increases the stability of the water-in-oil emulsion. To enhance the process of decomposition of the water-in-oil emulsion stabilized with hydrochloric acid, a reagent was developed based on the non-ionic surfactants, alkaline agent and solvent, providing a significant reduction of the viscosity of water-in-oil emulsions and improving the efficiency of their decomposition.
Study of contact forces in the bearing part of the protective coating of underground pipelines in gravel and cobbles
Authors: Matsiuk R.A. , Ulanov V.V.
Published: June 2021

In the construction and operation of underground pipelines, the feasibility of engineering methods of protecting the insulation coating from external mechanical impacts should be based on the existing loads. When an underground pipeline is laid on coarse gravel and very coarse soil, the analysis of the support forces at the base of the pipeline is a pressing issue. In particular, the difficult conditions for the construction, reconstruction, repair and operation of underground pipelines include cases when the pipeline route passes through sections of rocky soils. Discrete rocky conditions include large grain content in the form of coarse gravel, cobbles, and boulders. The article analyzes the influence of the size of foundation soil components on the magnitude of force arising in the protective coating of the support part of an underground pipeline depending on the unevenness of the soil and its granulometric composition. One of the directions for studying the distribution of contact-mechanical interaction in granular soils is a discrete model. The distinction of the discrete medium model is that individual elements of its structure are viewed as mechanically interacting bodies. Structural elements are particles of bulk material that can be considered as spheres. The results of modeling the contact problem using the discrete (granular) model of the base of the pipeline are presented. It was found that with the same diameter size and depth of burial, the force varies depending on the pipe diameter chosen in the project (for a pipe of 1420 mm, the maximum difference was 23%). In the case of unevenness of the ground, the force in the supporting part can increase by 3-5 times. The conditions of stability and strength of underground pipelines are formulated taking into account the discreteness of the base particles.
Current trends in land subsidence of the North-Central part of Poland using DInSAR technique
Authors: Rajaoalison H. , Knez D.
Published: June 2021

The gradual change in the Earth’s surface elevation is known as land subsidence and it happens due to natural causes related to geological activities, such as sinkholes, or induced causes related to human activities, such as mining activities, or both. The historical records of land subsidence show that it is mainly related to human activities with damages of more than billions of dollars every year. This paper shows the current trends of land subsidence case of the North-Central part of Poland using the Differential Interferometric Satellite Aperture Radar (DInSAR) technique. That region is known as the extension of the oil and gas reservoir of the Baltic Sea and one of the most populated areas in Poland. This technique uses SAR data images from the sentinel-1A mission of the same area, taken on April 25, 2018 and April 26, 2020, in order to measure the surface changes between these time intervals. Thus, a two-year land subsidence map of that region has been created, with maximum subsidence of -85mm. There is no significant subsidence in the production area, but information on the population supports the alleged reasons for such subsidence, namely the infrastructure growth and the need for water resources. Besides, most of the occurred subsidence in the concerned area is concentrated in big cities such as Gdansk and Gdynia. Such result is very important for policymakers, especially concerning the sustainable development goals
The concept of hydrogen-methane blends storage in underground mine excavations – gas permeability of concrete
Authors: Gajda D. , Liu S. , Lutyński M.
Published: June 2021

Power–to–gas technology gives the possibility to store the excess power from renewable energy sources by converting electrical energy into gas such as eg. hydrogen. There is however a problem with accessibility of sites where pure hydrogen can be stored. Hence, the idea of blending hydrogen with methane and use underground mine excavations to increase the storage capacity, apart from salt caverns. However, hydrogen has strong capability to diffuse through different materials, including steel and some minerals. The paper proposes a concept of hydrogen/methane blends storage in abandoned underground mine excavations. Research is focused on permeability of concrete as a barrier for stored gases. Gas permeability from two methods: pulse – decay and steady – state, were compared. Gas permeability of investigated concrete and geopolymers depends on the composition and pressure conditions, including axial stress. A significant improvement of tightness of the concrete can be achieved, using a synthetic compounds.
Topology and control algorithms for a permanent magnet synchronous motor as a part of a vehicle with in-wheel motors
Authors: Lutonin A.S. , Shklyarskiy J.E.
Published: June 2021

This article describes an electric drive system’s topology with a permanent magnet synchronous motor for a wide speed range applications. Topology consists of a synchronous motor with permanent magnets (PMSM) and two inverters connected to the beginnings and to the ends of the PMSM’s stator windings. The first inverter is connected to a storage battery, while the other one to a floating bridge capacitor, which acts as a back-EMF compensator. The article proposes electric drive system topolo-gy and its control algorithm. Simulation modeling was implemented by the MATLAB/Simulink software package. Simulation results shows that the proposed electric drive system, in comparison with the standard topology with a «star» stator windings connection, is able to increase the maximum speed of PMSM in the field weakening mode by 17%. The maximum achievable torque on the rotor shaft at the maximum speed of the PMSM motor was increased by 16.6%. Also, developed topology allows to in-crease the speed range in the constant torque mode by 34%.
A visual-acoustic duet of painting and music in medieval aesthetics
Authors: Gladkova D.V. , Dorofeyev D.Yu.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this work is to study the visual and acoustic relationship of painting and music in the Middle Ages. When writing the article the authors focused on modern sources and used such important for the socio-humanitarian sciences methods of research as comparative, phenomenological, semiotic, art history, cultural studies and visual anthropology, which determined the interdisciplinary nature of the study, which focuses of the aesthetic specificity of the perception of the phenomenal image. The significance of the study lies in the fact that the results obtained allow to better understand the cultural foundations of the non-verbal way of perception, the peculiarities of medieval culture and aesthetics of Western Europe and its semiotic and symbolic forms, primarily in the perspective of the interaction of painting and music in the sacred and everyday spaces of the existence of medieval man.
A study of the environmental culture of students of technical universities
Authors: Kholboeva U.Sh. , Ostapenko M.S.
Published: June 2021

Environmental culture is the main factor in the organization of an environmentally oriented specialist. It is the environmental culture and consciousness of the specialist that is the key to their practical readiness to treat the environment responsibly and take enviro-oriented decisions using the received knowledge. Consequently, the matter of the development of environmental culture of the student is a relevant research topic. Students, who are future professionals, must clearly understand the level of their impact on the environment, have proficient knowledge in the field of environmental science, and use it as a basis for decision-making. For that purpose, we conducted research on the environmental culture of the students of technical faculties. According to the received data, we identified several problems. Supported by the earlier research of scientists in this sphere and personal opinion of the authors, we proposed practical methods of raising the students’ environmental culture which can add to the existing knowledge in this sphere. The results of the research are presented in this paper.
Potentials of business model innovation and values-based management approaches in the mining sector
Authors: Drusche Olaf , Krause Stefanie
Published: June 2021

Mining is known to cause high ecological and social impacts especially due to its extractive nature on one hand and its resources and reserves mostly being located in developing or emerging economies on the other hand. Thus, it can be considered to have a paramount role in terms of making a significant contribution to sustainable development. Bearing in mind the growing economic output generated by humans and the growing world population, it is no wonder that related human-driven activities have never had such a strong (and at the same time burdening) influence on the biosphere resulting in exceedance of the planetary system boundaries. The critical reflection of the interaction between material cycles and economic growth is essential for reducing environmental burdens resulting from unthinking consumption patterns and production, and initial material extraction. The latest findings in academia confirm this assumption and point out that most practitioners are already aware of the urgent need for a redefinition of the sector’s understanding of success, taking into account the needs of both shareholders and stakeholders. Furthermore, the extractive sector has gained an image of being outdated. Agrowing number of decision-makers sees the necessity for a sustainable approach to business models that also embraces digitalization. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the standard business model that still dominates the mining industry, followed by a comparison of recent scientific findings on sustainability-oriented business model innovation and values-based innovation management to derive recommendations for potential sector-specific business model archetypes that contribute to the urgent redefinition.
Increasing the efficiency of Russian uranium mining enterprises in conditions of excessive supply
Authors: Dudina A. , Shabalov M. , Nikolaichuk L.
Published: June 2021

The article describes the current situation in the global uranium concentrate market, explains the reasons for the formation of an excess amount of finished goods and the subsequent decreasein prices. The authorsevaluated the prospects of using market mechanisms to improve the financial results of Russian uranium mining enterprises. The location of the main mining centers in comparison with the centers of consumption of finished goods, pricing for the products of uranium mining companies, the dynamics of price changes over the past 20 years, the influence of non-market factors on the supply of finished products are analyzed.This study led to the conclusion that the expectation of changes in the market situation is not viable in a long term. The authors outlined the direction to improve the profitability of mining enterprises by introducing technological changes aimed at reducing the cost of the final product.
Investigation of the efficiency of oil-containing wastewater sorption treatment with sawdust and probiotic agent addition
Authors: Fugaeva A.M. , Malyshkina E.S. , Glushchenko E.S.
Published: June 2021

Purification of wastewater from petroleum products is an urgent problem for the Tyumen province as an oil and gas region. The use of natural materials is actively studied in the technologies of sorption cleaning which is the main method for oil pollution removal. One of these new technologies is the wastewater treatment method with the use of probiotic agents. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of probiotics on the degree of dissolved petroleum products extraction from aqueous solutions by phytosorbent (pine sawdust). The photometric method of liquid analysis was used as a standard method of research. As a result of the sorption process study, it was found that the concentration of petroleum products decreased faster and to a minimum value (by 48.68%) when filtering samples through a layer of sawdust soaked in a probiotic solution, which is 2 times more effective than pure sawdust. The sorbent used is environmentally friendly.
Development of finite element models of gas forming process of Ti alloys structures
Authors: Savinkova K.J. , Sobolev Ya.A.
Published: June 2021

The use of combined technology of gas forming and solid-phase pressure bonding for manufacturing large-diameter torus billets with diameter up to 1500 mm, wall thickness up to 8 mm, and diameter in cross-section up to 400 mm from titanium alloys for manufacturing of pipeline bends of desired size is shown. The technologymaes it possible to reduce production costs by increasing the productivity of the manufacturing process and applying new design and technological solutions. The possibility of using the SIMULIA Abaqus software package for modeling gas forming of titanium alloys in superplasticityconditions with non-uniform heating of the billets is considered. The method of combined thermo mechanical analysis (COUPLED TEMP-DISPLACEMENT) with inclusion of the creep effect was used.
A Distributed Energy Transaction Method Based on Blockchain
Authors: Jing Zhipeng
Published: June 2021

Aiming at the multi-agent, multi-mode and multi-rule characteristics of the distributed energy trading market,a distributed energy trading method based on blockchain is proposed. In view of the randomness and volatility of distributed energy, the use of the decentralized characteristics of blockchain technology meets the needs of distributed energy market transactions; in order to improve the reliability of the distributed energy transaction process, it is proposed to use smart contracts to separate the transaction and the communication process between the blockchain and the energy fund account; with the help of Ethereum’s “Raiden Network”, this “off-chain transaction” method, frequent and efficient transactions are carried out, realizing the “tripartite” of distributed energy producers, grid institutions and users “win-win” to promote the opening and healthy development of the distributed energy market.
DEA Model Construction and Investment Efficiency Analysis of Overseas Electric Power Market in Clean Energy
Authors: Ma Chao
Published: June 2021

The paper aims to further explore the current situation of Chinese investment in overseas clean energy and analyze the development of the power industry in the field of clean energy. The paper elaborates the present development status of clean energy based on the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model and investment efficiency theories, analyzing the potential risks taken by China’s electric power industry from the investment in overseas clean energy and calculating the power enterprises’ investment efficiency. The results reveal that China’s overseas investment in clean energy has developed rapidly. However, from 2016 to 2017, due to the accelerated investment in clean energy, the comprehensive investment efficiency of clean energy has dropped significantly, to 79.1% and 78.7%, respectively. Subsequently, the comprehensive investment efficiency increased significantly, reaching 80.4% in 2019. Between 2015 and 2019, effective investment in clean energy has reached the highest, 32% in 2015, while there are more ineffective investments in 2016. After 2017, the proportion of power enterprises’ investment in clean energy has increased significantly, accounting for 32% in 2019. In future development, the proportion of investment in this field will continue to rise. Hence, clean energy boasts good development prospects.
Identification and Assessment of Ecological Sensitivity in Chishui River Basin Based on GIS
Authors: Li Haiying , Lu Jia , Yu Jiang , Wu Xinghua
Published: June 2021

In this paper, GIS and RS spatial analysis techniques were used to establish a system for identifying sensitive targets of terrestrial ecosystems in Chishui River Basin, and to identify protection targets of terrestrial ecosystems in different regions. The result shows that the assessment of habitat sensitivity in Chishui River Basin was dominated by non-sensitive areas and highly sensitive areas, which highly sensitive areas account for 60.43% of the basin area, mostly concentrated in the mountainous areas at the junction of Chishui City, Xishui County and Gulin County; non-sensitive areas account for 39.13% and are mosaically distributed with highly sensitive areas; mildly sensitive areas, moderately sensitive areas and extremely sensitive areas account for a total of about 0.5% of the basin area and are more scattered throughout the basin. The distribution is scattered. The moderately sensitive areas in the Chishui River Basin are more than 60.7% of the basin area, indicating that the habitats in the Chishui River Basin are generally sensitive and the ecologically sensitive targets are mainly wooded areas, which need to be protected.
Research on the kiln site protection and utilization of early Yue in Zhejiang based on protection first
Authors: Wu Shuang , Gao Shou Lei
Published: June 2021

The architectural heritage of handcrafts of Zhenjiang has unrepeatable technological and historical values. This paper aims at obtaining a reliable overview of the occurrence of the kiln sites. Their characteristics and values as architectural heritage of handcrafts will be fully understanding, expounds the problems in the protection and utilization of those kiln sites, then gives different utilization strategies on the priority of the kiln site protection is put forward.
Research on Household Waste Detection System Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Mingyang Li , Chengrong Li
Published: June 2021

Household waste is threatening the urban environment increasingly day by day for people’s material needs increasing with the acceleration of urbanization. In this paper, a new waste sorting model is proposed to solve the problems of waste sorting. The style transfer was used to increase the data set to make some objects be sorted well. Then the rotational attention mechanism model was used to increase the accuracy of waste sorting of the blocked objects. The representation vector extraction module in the target tracking algorithm Deep Sort was replaced with Siamese network to make the network more lightweight. As a result, this paper effectively solves the current waste sorting tasks.
Measurement of indoor air quality under different heating modes in western Sichuan
Authors: Hang Zou , Zhanqiang Liu , Xiaojuan Guo , Enshen Long
Published: June 2021

Western Sichuan region has a variety of traditional heating methods and excellent outdoor air quality, and the difference with the city is clear. The indoor air quality of the western Sichuan region is worth studying. The diffusion law of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentration under different heating methods can be explored to provide effective data support for environmental governance. In this context, the indoor air quality under different heating methods in Songpan County was measured with PM2.5 concentration assessment of indoor air quality (IAQ). By analyzing the indoor air quality under different heating modes, the following conclusions can be drawn: the influence degree of indoor activity on indoor particle concentration level depends on the source and characteristics of the house. Air leakage is one of the main reasons for the rise of indoor PM2.5. Heating methods disturb the indoor air, which significantly affects the migration of PM2.5.
Research and Design of Fault Indicator Using Comprehensive Detection and Identification Method
Authors: Xia Ning , Zhang Lei , Chen Chen , Zhang He , Ni Changsong , He Liangxu
Published: June 2021

With the progress and development of society, the power supply quality of power system is required to be higher and higher. It is necessary to locate the fault and remove it quickly. Therefore, it is necessary to install fault indicator on distribution line to improve the efficiency of finding fault location. As an important part of distribution network, the 10kV overhead line has the characteristics of many branches, wide coverage area, time-consuming and labor-consuming in line inspection and maintenance. The fault indicators currently used have problems such as complex structure, high cost of installation and deployment, and inaccurate fault detection. In this paper, a new type of fault indicator is proposed, which uses the comprehensive fault detection method. DSP processor is used to collect, calculate and process the voltage and current information of power grid. Through the embedded programming language, the comprehensive fault detection and identification is realized. Finally, the acquisition accuracy and fault judgment accuracy of the fault indicator are tested by simulating the fault signal in the laboratory. The experimental results show that the proposed fault indicator has high accuracy and can meet the requirements of fault indication, location and alarm.
Preparation of 3D printed silver nanocomposites and their antibacterial properties
Authors: Zhu Chunli , Fu Xiaofen , Gao Xing , Kan Haotian
Published: June 2021

The 3D printed antibacterial polymer products were rapidly sintered to obtain by selective laser sintering with highly dispersed Nano-silver modified Kaolin powder and polyamide/polypropylene composite engineering material. The preparation method of polymer products not only shortens the preparation period, but also guarantees the precision and quality of the product as well as the slow-release function of the Nano-silver.
Evaluation of Heavy Metal Pollution in Shallow Groundwater of Farmland in Huaibei Plain, China
Authors: Zhang Yong , Wang Xuanxia
Published: June 2021

In order to understand the characteristics of heavy metal pollution in shallow groundwater in farmland in Huaibei Plain, 69 samples were collected from typical farmland areas in Xiaoxian County to determine the content of heavy metal elements such as Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd, and Ni. The single-factor pollution index method and Nemerow comprehensive index method are used to evaluate and analyze the pollution degree and the health risk assessment method is used to explore the health risk level. The results show that the concentrations of Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd and Ni were respectively 1.27μg∙L-1~268.78μg∙L-1, 0.45μg∙L-1~ 266.1μg∙L-1, 1.77μg∙L-1~ 29.8μg∙L-1, 0.10μg∙L-1~ 21.54μg∙L-1 and 0.9μg∙L-1~ 252.85μg∙L-1. The Nemerow comprehensive index of each heavy metal element is 0.031~5.507, and the pollution degree is Ni>Cr>Cd>Zn>Cu. The Nemerow comprehensive pollution index of each sampling point is 0.251~9.325, with an average value of 1.934. The overall value is 9.523, and the pollution level is extremely poor. The overall health risk is at a risk-free health level. There are 19 samples which the carcinogenic risk index of the Cr is greater than 10-4, and the number of samples with health risks accounts for 27.5%. Cr is the main source of heavy metal health risks in shallow groundwater in farmland.
A Simulation Model of the Decomposition Activity of Multiple Fungi
Authors: Liu Ruoxuan , Ye Jianhui
Published: June 2021

Fungi play an essential role in carbon cycle by decomposing the litter and woody fibers. This study aims to establish a model for describing the decomposition by multiple fungal activities in different environment. We establish Colony Distribution-Decomposition Model to simulate the interaction between various fungi and describe the relationship between fungal activity and decomposition, which is divided into three sub-models: single colony growth and extension model, decomposition model and competition model. We applied this model to the study of the interaction of different species, the sensitivity of fungi to environmental changes in short-term and long-term, the adapatability to different climate types for various species and the role biodiversity plays in the breakdown of the litter. The developed model has the advantages of comprehensiveness, stability, rationality, and wide application, which is a feasible and reasonable model to assist the analysis on the interaction between multiple fungi and describe the relationship between fungal activity and decomposition.
Effect of catalyst on tail gas during reduction of vanadium-titanium magnetite carbon-containing pellet
Authors: Wang Bo , Ding Xueyong , Zhang Xiaofei , Ju Tianhua , Li Shigang
Published: June 2021

Catalyst can enhance the reduction effect and promote the reduction of vanadium titanomagnetite. In this paper, the carbon-containing pellets of vanadium titanomagnetite were prepared by using highly volatile coal as the reducing agent under the background of a novel process of pre-reduction in the rotary kiln. The effects of CaO, CaCO3, B2O3 and borax (Na2B4O7·10H2O) on the tail gas characteristics of carbon-containing pellets in the prereduction process were studied by using a simulated rotary kiln and flue gas analyzer. The results showed that the enhanced reduction effect of boron catalysts was slightly stronger than that of calcium catalysts, among which CaO catalyzed the least and borax the best. With the increase of metallization rate, the CO utilization in the tail gas is generally reduced, while when using CaCO3 as the catalyst, the CO utilization is significantly increased. Due to different reduction mechanism, the boron catalysts have little effect on the tail gas, and the calcium catalysts have a great effect on the tail gas. Based on the experimental results and the characteristics of the tail gas from the reduction process, we put forward the idea of using CaCO3 as the best catalyst and using CaO to absorb CO2 in the tail gas to form CaCO3.
Predictions of the vapor-liquid equilibrium data for low-GWP Hydrofluorocarbons + polyethylene-glycol dimethylether solvents by modified UNIFAC model
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Cai Liang , Qiao Jingyi
Published: June 2021

The working fluids are crucial for developing the absorption refrigeration system. Our previous work has proposed three novel working pairs, which uses the low-GWP HFCs (R32, R152a and R161) as the refrigerants and the polyethylene-glycol dimethylether solvent DMETEG as the absorbent. To explore the VLE behaviors of HFCs in other longer chain structures of polyethylene-glycol dimethylether solvents, the modified UNIFAC (Dortmund) model was applied for prediction. The previous binary parameters showed large deviations from the experimental data. Then the new binary parameters were obtained by regression. For R32+DMEDEG and R152a/R161+DMETrEG, the prediction ARAD results were reduced from 17.13%, 24.06% and 12.48% to 3.71%, 2.61% and 6.86%, respectively. Finally, the VLE data of R161 + PGDE at the temperatures of 293.15-343.15K were predicted.
Development of gasification agent injection tool for underground coal gasification
Authors: Chen Zhi , Zhu Feng , Zhang Youjun , Lv Weiping , Zhang Zheng
Published: June 2021

The underground coal gasification (UCG) technology is basically mature, but the influence of its own process and tools slows down its industrialization progress. This paper introduced the development and field test of two new UCG coiled-tubing gasification agent injection tools. The test results show that the two kinds of gasification agent injection tools ensure the injection point under control by conducting downhole temperature measurement and ground monitoring jointly. The problem that the tool is burnt by the backfire is solved by designing a backfire prevention device. To realize low pressure drop, the gasification agent flow channel inside the tool is designed optimally to keep the tool pressure drop not more than 0.5 MPa and the system pressure drop not more than 3 MPa. The tool overall has the characteristics of low pressure drop, high temperature resistance, backfire prevention and anti burning to satisfy the demand of the field test. This technology is a new achievement in the development of UCG technology and equipment in China. The research conclusions can provide technical reference for developing a new generation of UCG technology.
Study on the Detection Method of Nitrosamines in Livestock Food
Authors: Xiaolin Hou
Published: June 2021

In view of the complex and cumbersome problems in the detection of nitrosamines in the past, this article optimizes the detection method of nitrosamines in livestock food and establishes a more complete detection method of nitrosamines. In this method, the solid alkali heat treatment method is used instead of the national standard method to pre-treat the sample. Then, activated carbon column solid phase extraction method is used for detection, and higher precision and recovery rate are obtained, which proved that the detection method can be popularized and applied in similar detection work.
Difficult biliary cannulation in ERCP procedures with or without trainee involvement: a comparative study
Authors: Wang Xu , Luo Hui , Tao Qin , Ren Gui , Wang Xiangping , Liang Shuhui , Zhang Linhui , Chen Long , Shi Xin , Guo Xuegang , Pan Yanglin
Published: June 2021

Background The 5–5–1 criteria (> 5 minutes – 5 cannulation attempts – 1 unintended pancreas duct cannulation) were proposed by the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy to define difficult biliary cannulation. However, the criteria may be inappropriate for trainee-involved procedures. We developed criteria for difficult cannulation in trainee-involved procedures.

Methods Patients undergoing biliary cannulation with or without trainee involvement were eligible. Procedures that might be too easy (e. g. fistula) or too difficult (e. g. altered anatomy) were excluded. The primary outcome was difficult cannulation, defined as cannulation time, attempts, or inadvertent pancreatic duct (PD) cannulation exceeding the 75 % percentile of each variable. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was used.

Results After PSM, there were 1596 patients in each group. Trainee-involved procedures had longer median (interquartile range [IQR]) cannulation time (7.5 [2.2–15.3] vs. 2.0 [0.6–5.2] minutes), and more attempts (5 [2–10] vs. 2 [1–4]) and inadvertent PD cannulation (0 [0–2] vs. 0 [0–1]) vs. procedures without trainee involvement (all P < 0.001). The 15–10–2 criteria for difficult cannulation were proposed for trainee-involved cannulation and the 5–5-1 criteria were nearly confirmed for cannulation without trainee involvement. The proportions of difficult cannulation using these respective criteria were 35.5 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 33.2 %–37.9 %) and 31.8 % (95 %CI 29.5 %–34.2 %), respectively (odds ratio 1.18 [95 %CI 1.02–1.37]). Incidences of post-ERCP pancreatitis following difficult cannulation were comparable (7.8 % [95 %CI 5.7 %–10.3 %] vs. 9.8 % [95 %CI 7.4 %–12.8 %], respectively).

Conclusion By using the 75 % percentiles as cutoffs, the proposed 15–10–2 criteria for difficult cannulation could be appropriate in trainee-involved procedures.
Use of Bony Landmarks during Adrenal Venous Sampling to Guide Catheterization of the Left Adrenal Vein
Authors: Cusumano Lucas R. , Mathevosian Sipan , Sweigert Joshua K. , Srinivasa Ravi N. , Luhar Aarti P. , Moriarty John M.
Published: June 2021

Purpose The aim of this study was to examine the utility of fluoroscopic bony landmarks in predicting the location of the left adrenal vein during adrenal vein sampling (AVS).

Methods Eighty-six AVS procedures were performed in 81 patients between August 2013 and March 2020. A selectivity index was calculated for each case by dividing the measured left adrenal vein cortisol level by the peripheral vein cortisol level. Successful “target” left adrenal vein catheterization was confirmed in cases with a selectivity index of three or greater. Intraprocedural AVS fluoroscopic images were selected that demonstrated catheter position in the left adrenal vein. Lateral distance from the catheter tip in the left adrenal vein to the lateral margin of the left pedicle at the associated vertebral body level was measured.

Results Mean patient age was 56.4 years (range: 19–80 years) and 48 (59.3%) patients were male. Target sampling in the left adrenal vein was confirmed in 82 (95.3%) cases. In 78 (95.1%) targeted cases, the catheter terminated less than 25 mm from the left lateral pedicle at a mean distance of 11.2 mm. The catheter was most frequently placed at the T12 and L1 vertebral body levels. Four (4.7%) cases demonstrated nontarget catheter positioning, two (50.0%) of these cases were within 25 mm.

Conclusion The position of the left adrenal vein is generally located in a predictable position relative to bony landmarks. By utilizing these landmarks, positioning of the sampling catheter during AVS can be more reliable with the potential to avoid repeat procedures and delays in patient care.
Congenital Malformation Risk According to Hemoglobin A1c Values in a Contemporary Cohort with Pregestational Diabetes
Authors: Martin Robert B. , Duryea Elaine L. , Ambia Anne , Ragsdale Alexandra , Mcintire Donald , Wells Chet Edward , Spong Catherine Y. , Dashe Jodi S. , Nelson David B.
Published: June 2021

Objective The study aimed to evaluate the association between hemoglobin A1c values and likelihood of fetal anomalies in women with pregestational diabetes.

Study Design Women with pregestational diabetes who delivered at a single institution that serves a nonreferred population from May 1, 2009 to December 31, 2018 were ascertained. Hemoglobin A1c values were obtained at the first prenatal visit. Women who delivered a singleton live- or stillborn infant with a major malformation as defined by European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies criteria were identified. In infants with multiple system anomalies, each malformation was considered separately. Hemoglobin A1c values were analyzed categorically by using Mantel–Haenszel method and continuously with linear regression for trend for fetal anomalies.

Results A total of 1,676 deliveries to women with pregestational diabetes were delivered at our institution, and hemoglobin A1c was assessed in 1,573 deliveries (94%). There were 129 deliveries of an infant with at least one major malformation, an overall anomaly rate of approximately 8%. Mean hemoglobin A1c concentration was significantly higher in pregnancies with anomalous infants, 9.3 ± 2.1% versus 8.0 ± 2.1%, and p <0.001. There was no difference in gestational age at the time hemoglobin A1c was obtained, 13 ± 8.3 versus 14 ± 8.7 weeks. Hemoglobin A1c was associated with increased probability of a congenital malformation. This reached 10% with a hemoglobin A1c concentration of 10%, and 20% with a hemoglobin A1c of 13%. Similar trends were seen when examining risk of anomalies by organ system with increasing hemoglobin A1c levels, with the greatest increase in probability for both cardiac and genitourinary anomalies.

Conclusion In women with pregestational diabetes, hemoglobin A1c is strongly associated with fetal anomaly risk. Data from a contemporary cohort may facilitate counseling and also highlight the need for preconceptual care and glycemic optimization prior to entry to obstetric care.

Key Points