bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTATION OF EEG SIGNAL PROCESSING AND DECODING FOR TWO-CLASS MOTOR IMAGERY DATA
Authors: Al-Faiz Mohammed Z. , Al-hamadani Ammar A.
Published: May 2019

This work decodes two-class motor imagery (MI) based on four main processing steps: (i) Raw electroencephalographic (EEG) signal is decomposed to single trials and spatial filters are estimated for each trial by common spatial filtering (CSP) method; (ii) features are extracted by taking the log transformation (normal distribution) of the spatially filtered EEG signal; (iii) optimal channel selection algorithm is proposed to reduce the number of EEG channels, such approach is regarded as key technological advantage in the implementation of brain–computer interface (BCI) to reduce the system processing time; (iv) finally, support vector machine (SVM) is employed to discriminate two classes of left and right hand MI. Two variations of SVM were proposed: polynomial function kernel and radial-based function RBF kernel. The results revealed that CSP succeeded in removing the strong correlation bound between the EEG samples by maximizing the variance of class 2 samples while minimizing the variance of class 1 samples. The channel selection algorithm achieved its goal to reduce the data dimension by selecting two channels out of three having the lowest variance entropies of 0.239 and 0.261 for channel 1 and channel 2, respectively. The features vector was divided into 80% train and 20% test with five-fold cross validation. The classification performance of SVM-polynomial kernel was 87.86% while it is 95.72% for SVM-RBF kernel as average accuracy of five-folds for both. Thus SVM-RBF is superior to SVM-Poly in the proposed framework.
DESIGN OF CONTROL SYSTEM FOR MOTOR IMAGERY BASED NEURO-AID APPLICATION
Authors: Gupta Gauri Shanker , Bhatnagar Maanvi , Ghosh Subhojit , Sinha Rakesh Kumar
Published: May 2019

The application of Brain Computer Interface (BCI) for rehabilitation purpose has gained wide popularity in recent times. BCI for rehabilitation involves detection of brain signals, when the subject performs some sort of Motor Imagery (MI) task, for example, imagination of movement of limbs. Imagination of such movement causes desynchronization of neurons of one part of the brain gets within other parts synchronized. Band power features are best suited for quantification of the synchronization phenomenon. In the present work, extreme learning machine (ELM) and support vector machine (SVM) based classifiers are used to classify the test data. The classifier output is further used to generate control signals for driving a stepper motor, which may be used to drive some neuro-aid application device. In order to achieve a workable model for pragmatic applications, it is necessary to design a robust in nature stepper motor. Open loop analysis, closed loop analysis and performance analysis of motor with possible disturbances are carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed work. The maximum accuracy using ELM and SVM classifiers are achieved as 90% and 87.78% with a training time of 0.2496[Formula: see text]s and 3.964[Formula: see text]s, respectively. In the open loop and closed loop analysis, the desired angular movement (task imagined for rehabilitation) is achieved with an accuracy of 54.14% and 93.4%, respectively. These results suggest that a BCI system can be designed with higher efficiency with the help of MI data.
 Cuidado familiar a crianças em sofrimento psíquico: rotinas para promoção da saúde / Family care for children experiecing psychic suffering: health promotion routines
Authors: Fernandes Gisele Cristina Manfrini , Baptiste Merlange JN , Nitscke Rosane Gonçalves , Heidemann Ivonete Teresinha Schulter Buss , Pagliuca Lilian , Rocha Carolina Gabriele Gomes da
Published: May 2019

Objetivou-se conhecer as ações de cuidado para promoção da saúde desenvolvidas por famílias com crianças em sofrimento psíquico, atendidas no cotidiano de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenil. Pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa, realizada com cinco familiares cuidadores de crianças em idade escolar, atendidas em um Centro de Atenção psicossocial infantojuvenil, por meio de observação ao grupo de cuidadores do serviço e de entrevista semiestruturada com as mães das crianças. Adotou-se a análise de conteúdo, da qual emergiram quatro categorias: O cuidado das famílias às crianças frente suas dificuldades; Estratégias para promover a saúde da criança e da família no cotidiano; Rotinas familiares de cuidado às crianças em sofrimento psíquico; Apoio social destinado às famílias no cuidado da criança em momento de crise. Os resultados revelaram que as famílias não se sentem preparadas para cuidar de crianças em sofrimento psíquico, mas ao se depararem com esta situação, desenvolveram ações e estratégias de cuidado para enfrentar os desafios diários. Conclui-se que cuidar de um familiar em sofrimento psíquico requer nova organização da rotina familiar e aquisição de novos estratagemas para enfrentar as dificuldades que emergem no cotidiano.
 O adoecimento por mesotelioma na perspectiva do familiar cuidador / The mesothelioma disease in the perspective of the family caregiver
Authors: Baran Fátima Denise Padilha , Das Mercês Nen Nalu Alves , Sarquis Leila Maria Mansano , Da Rosa Luciana Martins
Published: May 2019

O mesotelioma é um tipo de câncer agressivo e sem perspectivas de cura. Este estudo teve por objetivo conhecer e descrever o adoecimento por mesotelioma dos primeiros sintomas ao óbito na perspectiva do familiar cuidador. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório com abordagem qualitativa.Os dados foram coletados no período de janeiro a julho de 2016, na cidade de Curitiba, no Paraná, por meio de entrevista junto a familiares que acompanharam o processo de adoecimento no período de 1993 a 2013, e após submetidos a análise de conteúdo categorial. Dos seis participantes, cinco eram do sexo feminino e todos conviviam em tempo integral com o familiar adoecido. Da análise emergiram quatro categorias:Descoberta da doença; Convívio com uma doença incurável; As transformações; A decisão de deixar partir. A experiência do familiar em conviver com a pessoa que tem mesotelioma perpassa pela negação em aceitar o câncer, o conviver com as alterações físicas e emocionais na rotina diária, e a espiritualidade, que configura um alicerce para o alívio da dor e do luto antecipado. Conclui-se que o adoecimento por mesotelioma na perspectiva do familiar aponta enfrentamentos e superações durante o convívio e nos cuidados ofertados à pessoa enferma.
Caracterização de crianças e adolescentes com anemia falciforme e os serviços de saúde que utilizam/ Characterization of children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia and the health services they use
Authors: Borges Ananda Rosa , Bärtschi Gabatz Ruth Irmgard , Milbrath Viviane Marten , Schwartz Eda , Vaz Jessica Cardoso
Published: May 2019

Este estudo objetivou caracterizar as crianças e adolescentes com Anemia Falciforme e conhecer os serviços de saúde utilizados por eles. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa, realizado em um município situado no sul do Brasil, tendo como participantes sete responsáveis de crianças e adolescentes com Anemia Falciforme.A coleta das informações ocorreu no primeiro semestre de 2017, por meio de um questionário preenchido pelos responsáveis.Após a coleta as informações, foram analisadas através da análise de conteúdo convencional.Respeitaram-se todos os preceitos éticos estabelecidos pela resolução nº. 466/12. Os resultados indicam que as complicações mais frequentes da Anemia Falciforme foram as crises vaso-oclusivas, bem como os quadros infecciosos. Além disso, os participantes já passaram por diversos serviços de saúde para a continuação do cuidado a sua saúde, contudo nem todos acessaram a atenção básica. Diante do exposto, conclui-se que é necessário fortalecer o atendimento em rede articulando os diversos níveis de complexidade de atenção e enfatizando a atenção básica como porta de entrada.
Mulheres com câncer de mama: adesão ao tratamento com tamoxifeno/ Women with breast cancer: adherence to tamoxifen treatment
Authors: Bushatsky Magaly , De Moraes Ramos Yasmim Talita , Barros Mariana Boulitreau Siqueira Campos , Silva Rafaela Almeida , Ferreira Fabíola Mirellys da Silva , Camilo de Lima Maria Theresa
Published: May 2019

O objetivo foi identificar a adesão ao tratamento com tamoxifeno em mulheres com câncer de mama e avaliar os fatores que podem estar relacionados à sua aderência. Este estudo foi transversal e quantitativo. Foram entrevistadas 67 mulheres com câncer de mama, atendidas em um ambulatório de mastologia de um Hospital Universitário de Recife, entre abril e julho de 2017. Para obtenção das variáveis independentes foi utilizado um questionário estruturado, elaborado pela própria equipe. Para investigar a adesão ao tamoxifeno optou-se pelo Teste de Morisky e Green e para verificar potenciais fatores influentes na adesão ao tratamento, foi escolhido o questionário “Fatores que podem influenciar a adesão ao tratamento”. Os efeitos colaterais do tamoxifeno e as relações afetivas se mostraram pontos sensíveis para adesão, conforme apresentado nos resultados. A taxa de adesão foi de 55,2% e 85,1% das mulheres fazem o tratamento há menos de um ano. O tempo longo da terapia com o tamoxifeno é um preditivo que pode tolher a adesão. A avaliação de potenciais fatores influentes na adesão destaca a relevância das equipes multiprofissionais nesse contexto, pois sua variedade de enfoques torna possível elucidar a efetividade do papel ativo dos indivíduos no processo de reabilitação da saúde.
Validação de métricas para avaliar a qualidade em instituições públicas de ensino superior/ Metrics validation to evaluate quality in public higher education institutions
Authors: Vituri Dagmar Willamowius , Trochin Daisy Maria Rizatto
Published: May 2019

Introdução: No campo da educação superior pública, a complexidade em avaliar o alcance dos objetivos institucionais e as incertezas acerca das métricas adotadas pelo Estado prejudicam a implementação de processos avaliativos. Objetivo: Construir e validar o conteúdo de indicadores de qualidade para avaliação de Instituições Públicas de Ensino Superior (IES). Método: Estudo metodológico desenvolvido em seis etapas, com a participação de 10 juízes de IES, entre 2015 e 2018. Empregou-se a Técnica Delphi e o cálculo do Content Validity Ratio, com valor maior ou igual a 0,62. Foram propostos 46 indicadores nas subdimensões: Ensino (16); Pesquisa, extensão, conhecimento e inovação (15); e Gestão (15). Resultados: Constata-se a evidência de validade de conteúdo de 38 indicadores, dos quais 11 de estrutura, 10 de processos e 17 de resultados, sendo a subdimensão Gestão a que obteve menores valores de CVR. Considerações Finais: Obtiveram-se evidências de validade de uma matriz de 38 indicadores quantitativos, formulados como equações matemáticas, que podem ser utilizados sistematicamente na avaliação interna institucional, complementando a avaliação qualitativa.
Detecting Nanosheet Objects from Noisy CLSM Images Using Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Fujioka Hiroyuki , Sawangphol Jarupat , Anraku Shinya , Miyamoto Nobuyoshi , Kino Hitoshi , Hidaka Akinori
Published: May 2019

This paper considers a problem of detecting nanosheets which are moving in colloidal liquid from confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images. Introducing the deep learning approach, we particularly develop a scheme for constructing the so-called `detection map’ consisting of the brightness value information on the area of nanosheets in CLSM images. Therein, we use an architecture of deep learning network ‘U-net’ and present how to implement such a network. The performance is demonstrated by some experimental studies.
Viral Resistance and IFN Signaling in STAT2 Knockout Fish Cells
Authors: Dehler Carola E. , Lester Katherine , Della Pelle Giulia , Jouneau Luc , Houel Armel , Collins Catherine , Dovgan Tatiana , Machat Radek , Zou Jun , Boudinot Pierre , Martin Samuel A. M. , Collet Bertrand
Published: May 2019

IFN belong to a group of cytokines specialized in the immunity to viruses. Upon viral infection, type I IFN is produced and alters the transcriptome of responding cells through induction of a set of IFN stimulated genes (ISGs) with regulatory or antiviral function, resulting in a cellular antiviral state. Fish genomes have both type I IFN and type II IFN (IFN-γ), but no type III (λ) IFN has been identified. Their receptors are not simple counterparts of the mammalian type I/II IFN receptors, because alternative chains are used in type I IFN receptors. The mechanisms of the downstream signaling remain partly undefined. In mammals, members of the signal transducer and activator of family of transcription factors are responsible for the transmission of the signal from cytokine receptors, and STAT2 is required for type I but not type II IFN signaling. In fish, its role in IFN signaling in fish remains unclear. We isolated a Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) cell line, GS2, with a stat2 gene knocked out by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. In this cell line, the induction of ISGs by stimulation with a recombinant type I IFN is completely obliterated as evidenced by comparative RNA-seq analysis of the transcriptome of GS2 and its parental counterpart, EC. Despite a complete absence of ISGs induction, the GS2 cell line has a remarkable ability to resist to viral infections. Therefore, other STAT2-independent pathways may be induced by the viral infection, illustrating the robustness and redundancy of the innate antiviral defenses in fish.
Statistical survey of open source medical image databases on the Internet
Authors: Wang Hongkai , Ma Xinlei , Zhai Haoyu , Liao Yuhao , Wu Yi , Chen Na , Zhang Shaoxiang , Zhang Bin
Published: May 2019

Background and Objectives:

Nowadays, more and more open source medical imaging databases are published on the Internet for medical teaching, algorithm development, and medical research. However, a statistical survey of these databases is still lacking. In this survey, we summarize the current status of open source medical image databases on the Internet. The aim is to make it easier for everyone to find and use open source medical image data.

Methods:

Information about publicly available medical image databases was collected by searching for scientific papers and Internet search engines. Based on the collected information, the number of databases and the number of images were counted for different diseases, body parts, imaging modalities, and countries.

Results:

Cancer, particularly breast cancer and lung cancer, ranked top in database numbers among all diseases. The breast, brain, lung, and chest are the top four body parts in terms of database numbers. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and X-ray are the most common imaging modalities in the open source datasets. The USA and the Netherlands are the top two countries who own the most databases.

Conclusions:

The rankings for diseases and body parts were closely related to the diseases morbidity and the health-care expenditure of a country. The number of open sources of medical imaging databases is still growing; there is a need for continuous statistical research on their existence status in the coming years. The list of all the collected databases is opened on the Internet (https://docs.qq.com/sheet/DQWF0QlZKVHpHU1Za).
Developing serious games to improve children’s compliance in chronic illnesses: Input from two use cases
Authors: Morganti Luca , Ascolese Antonio , Zettl Annabel , Pannese Lucia
Published: May 2019

Background and Objectives:

Developing serious games (SGs) for children is challenging, especially when dealing with complex medical diagnosis. Enhancing children’s compliance for the treatment of chronic conditions is a crucial challenge that requires caring about the engagement of users in the game experience already from the initial stages of the development.

Materials and Methods:

Participatory design is the methodological key to trace the right path toward an effective and easy-to-use game; specific methodological settings are necessary to collect meaningful feedback and guide the creation of the game. Our article reports the involvement of 14 young users in two different stages of the design and development of two SGs for chronic clinical conditions (Crohn’s disease and cystic fibrosis).

Results:

Specific feedbacks were reported about game contents (e.g., the preference for anthropomorphic avatars) and technological issues (e.g., the need of a graphical tutorial).

Conclusions:

Using the same methodological approach in two different phases of the development allows to highlight children’s perspective toward a technological solution addressing clinical compliance.
Standard for Safety Glazing Materials for Glazing Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Equipment Operating on Land Highways - Safety Standard
Authors:   Glazing Materials Standards Committee
Published: May 2019

Specifications, test methods, and usage provisions for safety glazing materials used for glazing of motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment operating on land highways.
Effect of a low-energy and enzyme-supplemented diet on broiler chicken growth, carcass traits and meat quality
Authors: Hussein Elsayed O. S. , Suliman Gamaleldin M. , Abudabos Alaeldein M. , Alowaimer Abdullah N. , Ahmed Shamseldein H. , Abd El-Hack Mohamed E. , Alagawany Mahmoud , Swelum Ayman A. , Tinelli Antonella , Tufarelli Vincenzo , Laudadio Vito
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a low metabolizable energy (low-ME) diet supplemented with a multienzyme blend (KEMZYME®) on the growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of chickens. A total of 108 broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allocated to three experimental groups with six replicates per treatment and five birds per replicate; the groups were treated as follows: a control diet with no additive and standard metabolizable energy (ME; 3200 kcal kg−1); a low metabolizable energy (low-ME; 3000 kcal kg−1) diet; and a low-ME diet + 0.5 g kg−1 diet of enzyme (low-ME–Enz). Live body weight (LBW) at 43 and 47 d and body weight gain (BWG) during the periods from 38 to 43, 43 to 47 and 33 to 47 d decreased with the low-ME and low-ME–Enz diets in comparison with the control-diet (p<0.05). The values of the feed conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly increased with low-ME diets with or without enzyme at all growing stages. There were no significant differences among treatments in terms of carcass traits. With the exception of the jejunum weight, dietary treatments did not affect any digestive tract segments. Meat hardness decreased with the low-ME–Enz diet compared with the other diets (P=0.039). Meat yellowness of the breast muscle increased (P=0.001) with the low-ME–Enz diet in comparison with the other treatments at 24 h post-slaughter. In conclusion, the low-ME diet supplemented with KEMZYME® did not influence most of performance parameters and carcass traits of chickens; however, adding enzymes to the low-ME diet is an effective strategy to improve the meat quality criteria and small intestine characteristics.
Aerosol Mass yields of selected Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds – a theoretical study with near explicit gas-phase chemistry
Authors: Xavier Carlton , Rusanen Anton , Zhou Putian , Dean Chen , Pichelstorfer Lukas , Roldin Pontus , Boy Michael
Published: May 2019

Abstract. In this study we modeled secondary organic aerosols (SOA) mass loadings from the oxidation (by O3, OH and NO3) of five representative Biogenic Volatile Organic compounds (BVOCs): isoprene, endocyclic bond containing monoterpenes (α-pinene and limonene), exocyclic double bond compound (β-pinene) and a sesquiterpene (β-caryophyllene). The simulations were designed to replicate idealized smog chamber and oxidative flow reactors (OFR). The master chemical mechanism (MCM) together with the peroxy radical autoxidation mechanism (PRAM), were used to simulate the gas-phase chemistry. The aim of this study was to compare the potency of MCM and MCM+PRAM in predicating SOA formation. SOA yields were in good agreement with experimental values for chamber simulations when MCM+PRAM mechanism was applied, while a standalone MCM under-predicted the SOA yields. Compared to experimental yields, the OFR simulations using the MCM+PRAM mechanism over-predicted SOA mass yields for BVOCs oxidized by O3 and OH, probably owing to increased seed particle surface area used in the OFR simulations. SOA yields increased with decreasing temperatures and NO concentrations and vice-versa. This highlights the limitations posed when using fixed SOA yields in a majority of global and regional models. Few compounds that play a crucial role (> 95 % of mass load) in contributing to SOA mass increase (using MCM+PRAM) are identified. The results further emphasized that incorporating PRAM in conjunction with MCM does improve SOA mass yields estimation.
Potential of next-generation imaging spectrometers to detect and quantify methane point sources from space
Authors: Cusworth Daniel H. , Jacob Daniel J. , Varon Daniel J. , Chan Miller Christopher , Liu Xiong , Chance Kelly , Thorpe Andrew K. , Duren Riley M. , Miller Charles E. , Thompson David R. , Frankenberg Christian , Guanter Luis , Randles Cynthia A.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. We examine the potential for global detection of methane plumes from individual point sources with the new generation of spaceborne imaging spectrometers (EnMAP, PRISMA, EMIT, SBG) scheduled for launch in 2019–2025. These instruments are designed to map the Earth's surface with a sampling distance as fine as 30 × 30 m2 but they have spectral resolution of 7–10 nm in the 2200–2400 nm band that should also allow useful detection of atmospheric methane. We simulate scenes viewed by EnMAP (10 nm spectral resolution, 180 signal-to-noise ratio) using the EnMAP End-to-End Simulation Tool with superimposed methane plumes generated by large-eddy simulations. We retrieve atmospheric methane and surface reflectivity for these scenes using the IMAP-DOAS optimal estimation algorithm. We find an EnMAP precision of 4–13 % for atmospheric methane depending on surface type, allowing effective single-pass detection of 100+ kg h−1 methane point sources depending on surface brightness, surface homogeneity, and wind speed. Successful retrievals over very heterogeneous surfaces such as an urban mosaic require finer spectral resolution. We simulated the EnMAP capability with actual plume observations over oil/gas fields in California from the airborne AVIRIS-NG sensor (3 × 3 m2 pixel resolution, 5 nm spectral resolution, SNR 200–400). We spectrally and spatially downsampled AVIRIS-NG images to match EnMAP instrument specifications and found that we could successfully detect point sources of ~ 100 kg h−1 over bright surfaces. Estimated emission rates inferred with a generic Integrated Mass Enhancement (IME) method agreed within a factor of 2 between EnMAP and AVIRIS-NG. Better agreement may be achieved with a more customized IME method. Our results suggest that imaging spectrometers in space could play a transformative role in the future for quantifying methane emissions from point sources on a global scale.
Physically controlled CO2 effluxes from a reservoir surface in the upper Mekong River Basin: a case study in the Gongguoqiao Reservoir
Authors: Lin Lin , Lu Xixi , Liu Shaoda , Liong Shie-Yui , Fu Kaidao
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Impounding alters the carbon transport in rivers. To quantify this effect, we
measured CO2 effluxes from a mountainous valley-type reservoir in the
upper Mekong River (known as Lancang River in China). CO2 evasion
rates from the reservoir surface were 408±337 mg CO2 m−2 d−1 in the dry season and 305±262 mg CO2 m−2 d−1 in the rainy season much lower than
those from the riverine channels (1567±2312 mg CO2 m−2 d−1 at the main stem and 905±1536 mg CO2 m−2 d−1 at the tributary). Low effluxes in
the pelagic area were caused by low allochthonous organic carbon (OC) inputs
and photosynthetic uptake of CO2. A negative relationship between
CO2 efflux and water temperature suggested CO2 emissions at
the pelagic area were partly offset by photosynthesis in the warmer rainy
season. CO2 emissions from the reservoir outlet and littoral area,
which were usually considered hotspots of CO2 emissions, had a low
contribution to the total emission because of epilimnion water spilling and a
small area of the littoral zones. Yet at the river inlets effluxes were much
higher in the dry season than in the rainy season because different mixing
modes occurred in the two seasons. When the river joined the receiving
waterbody in the dry season, warmer and lighter inflow became an overflow and
large amounts of CO2 were released to the atmosphere as the overflow
contacted the atmosphere directly. Extended water retention time due to water
storage might also help mineralization of OC. In the wet season, however,
colder, turbid and heavier inflow plunged into the reservoir and was
discharged downstream for hydroelectricity, leaving insufficient time for
decomposition of OC. Besides, diurnal efflux variability indicated that the
effluxes were significantly higher in the nighttime than in the daytime,
which increased the estimated annual emission rate by half.
Determining the optimal grid resolution for topographic analysis on an airborne lidar dataset
Authors: Smith Taylor , Rheinwalt Aljoscha , Bookhagen Bodo
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Digital elevation models (DEMs) are a gridded representation of
the surface of the Earth and typically contain uncertainties due to data
collection and processing. Slope and aspect estimates on a DEM contain
errors and uncertainties inherited from the representation of a
continuous surface as a grid (referred to as truncation error; TE) and from
any DEM uncertainty. We analyze in detail the impacts of TE and propagated
elevation uncertainty (PEU) on slope and aspect. Using synthetic data as a control, we define functions to quantify both TE
and PEU for arbitrary grids. We then develop a quality metric which captures
the combined impact of both TE and PEU on the calculation of topographic
metrics. Our quality metric allows us to examine the spatial patterns of
error and uncertainty in topographic metrics and to compare calculations on
DEMs of different sizes and accuracies. Using lidar data with point density of ∼10 pts m−2 covering
Santa Cruz Island in southern California, we are able to generate DEMs and
uncertainty estimates at several grid resolutions. Slope (aspect) errors on
the 1 m dataset are on average 0.3∘ (0.9∘) from TE and
5.5∘ (14.5∘) from PEU. We calculate an optimal DEM resolution
for our SCI lidar dataset of 4 m that minimizes the error bounds on
topographic metric calculations due to the combined influence of TE and PEU
for both slope and aspect calculations over the entire SCI. Average slope
(aspect) errors from the 4 m DEM are 0.25∘ (0.75∘)
from TE and 5∘ (12.5∘) from PEU. While the smallest grid
resolution possible from the high-density SCI lidar is not necessarily
optimal for calculating topographic metrics, high point-density data are
essential for measuring DEM uncertainty across a range of resolutions.
Evaluation of the WRF lake module (v1.0) and its improvements at a deep reservoir
Authors: Wang Fushan , Ni Guangheng , Riley William J. , Tang Jinyun , Zhu Dejun , Sun Ting
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Large lakes and reservoirs play important roles in modulating regional
hydrological cycles and climate; however, their representations in coupled
models remain uncertain. The existing lake module in the Weather Research and
Forecasting (WRF) system (hereafter WRF-Lake), although widely used, did not
accurately predict temperature profiles in deep lakes mainly due to its poor
lake surface property parameterizations and underestimation of heat transfer
between lake layers. We therefore revised WRF-Lake by improving its
(1) numerical discretization scheme; (2) surface property parameterization;
(3) diffusivity parameterization for deep lakes; and (4) convection scheme,
the outcome of which became WRF-rLake (i.e., revised lake model). We
evaluated the off-line WRF-rLake by comparing simulated and measured water
temperature at the Nuozhadu Reservoir, a deep reservoir in southwestern
China. WRF-rLake performs better than its predecessor by reducing the
root-mean-square error (RMSE) against observed lake surface temperatures
(LSTs) from 1.4 to 1.1 ∘C and consistently improving simulated
vertical temperature profiles. We also evaluated the sensitivity of simulated
water temperature and surface energy fluxes to various modeled lake
processes. We found (1) large changes in surface energy balance fluxes (up to
60 W m−2) associated with the improved surface property
parameterization and (2) that the simulated lake thermal structure depends
strongly on the light extinction coefficient and vertical diffusivity.
Although currently only evaluated at the Nuozhadu Reservoir, we expect that
these model parameterization and structural improvements could be general and
therefore recommend further testing at other deep lakes and reservoirs.
LGS: LOCAL GEOMETRICAL STRUCTURE-BASED INTEREST POINT MATCHING FOR WIDE-BASELINE IMAGERY IN URBAN AREAS
Authors: Chen M. , Zhu Q. , Yan S. , Zhao Y.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Feature matching is a fundamental technical issue in many applications of photogrammetry and remote sensing. Although recently developed local feature detectors and descriptors have contributed to the advancement of point matching, challenges remain with regard to urban area images that are characterized by large discrepancies in viewing angles. In this paper, we define a concept of local geometrical structure (LGS) and propose a novel feature matching method by exploring the LGS of interest points to specifically address difficult situations in matching points on wide-baseline urban area images. In this study, we first detect interest points from images using a popular detector and compute the LGS of each interest point. Then, the interest points are classified into three categories on the basis of LGS. Thereafter, a hierarchical matching framework that is robust to image viewpoint change is proposed to compute correspondences, in which different feature region computation methods, description methods, and matching strategies are designed for various types of interest points according to their LGS properties. Finally, random sample consensus algorithm based on fundamental matrix is applied to eliminate outliers. The proposed method can generate similar feature descriptors for corresponding interest points under large viewpoint variation even in discontinuous areas that benefit from the LGS-based adaptive feature region construction. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method provides significant improvements in correct match number and matching precision compared with other traditional matching methods for urban area wide-baseline images.
UNSUPERVISED WINDOW EXTRACTION FROM PHOTOGRAMMETRIC POINT CLOUDS WITH THERMAL ATTRIBUTES
Authors: Lin D. , Dong Z. , Zhang X. , Maas H.-G.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The automatic extraction of windows from photogrammetric data has achieved increasing attention in recent times. An unsupervised windows extraction approach from photogrammetric point clouds with thermal attributes is proposed in this study. First, point cloud segmentation is conducted by a popular workflow: Multiscale supervoxel generation is applied to the image-based 3D point cloud, followed by region growing and energy optimization using spatial positions and thermal attributes of the raw points. Afterwards, an object-based feature (window index) is extracted using the average thermal attribute and the size of the object. Next, thresholding is applied to extract initial window regions. Finally, several criterions are applied to further refine the extraction results. For practical validation, the approach is evaluated on an art nouveau building row façade located at Dresden, Germany.
Zooplankton diel vertical migration in the Corsica Channel (north-western Mediterranean Sea) detected by a moored acoustic Doppler current profiler
Authors: Guerra Davide , Schroeder Katrin , Borghini Mireno , Camatti Elisa , Pansera Marco , Schroeder Anna , Sparnocchia Stefania , Chiggiato Jacopo
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Diel vertical migration (DVM) is a survival strategy adopted by zooplankton
that we investigated in the Corsica Channel using acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) data from April 2014
to November 2016. The principal aim of the study is to characterize migration
patterns and biomass temporal evolution of zooplankton along the water
column. The ADCP measured vertical velocity and echo intensity in the water
column range between about 70 and 390 m (the bottom depth is 443 m). During
the investigated period, zooplanktonic biomass had a well-defined daily and
seasonal cycle, with peaks occurring in late winter to spring (2015 and
2016) when the stratification of the water column is weaker. Zooplanktonic
biomass temporal distribution in the whole water column is well correlated
with biomass of primary producers, estimated with satellite data.
Zooplanktonic blooming and non-blooming periods have been identified and
studied separately. During the non-blooming period zooplanktonic biomass was
most abundant in the upper and the deep layers, while during the blooming
period the upper-layer maximum in zooplanktonic biomass disappeared and the
deep layer with high zooplanktonic biomass became thicker. These two layers
are likely to correspond to two different zooplanktonic communities. The
evolution of zooplanktonic biomass is well correlated with chlorophyll, with
phytoplankton biomass peaks preceding the upper-layer secondary production by
a lag of about 3.5 weeks. Nocturnal DVM appears to be the main
pattern during both periods, but reverse and twilight migration are also
detected. Nocturnal DVM was more evident at mid-water than in the deep and
the upper layers. DVM occurred with different intensities during blooming and
non-blooming periods. One of the main outcomes is that the principal drivers
for DVM are light intensity and stratification, but other factors, like
the moon cycle and primary production, are also taken in consideration.
Extracting small deformation beyond individual station precision from dense GNSS networks in France and Western Europe
Authors: Masson Christine , Mazzotti Stephane , Vernant Philippe , Doerflinger Erik
Published: May 2019

Abstract. We use dense geodetic networks and large GPS datasets to extract regionally coherent velocities and deformation rates in France and neighboring Western Europe. This analysis is combined with statistical tests on synthetic data to quantify the deformation detection thresholds and significance levels. By combining two distinct methods, Gaussian smoothing and k-means clustering, we extract horizontal deformations with a 95% confidence level ca. 0.1–0.2 mm yr−1 (ca. 0.5–1 × 10-9 yr−1) on spatial scales of 100–200 km or more. From these analyses, we show that the regionally average velocity and strain rate fields are statistically significant in most of our study area. The first order deformation signal in France and neighboring Western Europe is a belt of N-S to NE-SW shortening ca. 0.2–0.4 mm yr−1 (1–2 × 10−9 yr−1) in central and eastern France. In addition to this large-scale signal, patterns of orogen-normal extension are observed in the Alps and the Pyrenees, but methodological biases, mainly related to GPS solution combinations, limit the spatial resolution and preclude associations with specific geological structures. The patterns of deformation in western France show either tantalizing correlation (Brittany) or anti-correlation (Aquitaine Basin) with the seismicity. Overall, more detailed analyses are required to address the possible origin of these signals and the potential role of aseismic deformation.
Laboratory Study of the Properties of Frazil Ice Particles and Flocs in Water of Different Salinities
Authors: Schneck Christopher C. , Ghobrial Tadros R. , Loewen Mark R.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Measurements of the size and shape of frazil ice particles and flocs in saline water and of frazil ice flocs in freshwater are limited. This study consisted of a series of laboratory experiments producing frazil ice at salinities of 0 ‰, 15 ‰, 25 ‰, and 35 ‰ to address this lack of data. The experiments were conducted in a large tank in a cold room with bottom mounted propellers to create turbulence. A high-resolution camera system was used to capture images of frazil ice particles and flocs passing through cross polarizing lenses. The high-resolution images of the frazil ice were processed using a computer algorithm to differentiate particles from flocs and determine key properties including size, shape, and volume. The size and volume distributions of particles and flocs at all four salinities were found to fit lognormal distributions closely. The concentration, mean size, and standard deviation of flocs and particles were assessed at different times during the supercooling process to determine how these properties evolve with time. Comparisons were made to determine the effect of salinity on the properties of frazil ice particles and flocs. The overall mean size of frazil ice particles in saline water and freshwater was found to range between 0.52 and 0.45 mm with particles sizes in freshwater ~ 13 % larger than in saline water. However qualitative observations showed that frazil ice particles in saline water tend to be more irregularly shaped. The overall mean size of frazil ice flocs in freshwater was 2.57 mm compared to a mean size of 1.47 mm for flocs in saline water. Estimates for the porosity of frazil ice flocs were made by equating the estimated volume of ice produced based on thermodynamic conditions to the estimated volume of ice determined from the digital images. The estimated porosities of frazil ice flocs were determined to be 0.86, 0.82, 0.80, and 0.75 for 0 ‰, 15 ‰, 25 ‰, 35 ‰ saline water, respectively.
Políticas lingüísticas implícitas de España: logros y desafíos
Authors: Chen 陈旦娜 Danna
Published: May 2019

En los años ochenta del siglo XX, se descubre la existencia de políticas lingüísticas implícitas basadas en la “ideología lingüística”, conocida también como “cultura lingüística”. Las planificaciones lingüísticas de España presentan una interpretación significativa de esta estrategia: a causa de las características particulares de la situación lingüística del mundo hispánico, se destaca la función comunicativa del español y se adopta una actitud cooperativa y respetuosa hacia otras lenguas de España y otras variedades del español en el mundo bajo la idea del panhispanismo. Las políticas implícitas pueden evitar conflictos en la protección de una lengua, sin embargo, a veces parecen blandas debido a la falta del poder jurídico. Se recomienda aplicar diferentes políticas lingüísticas según distintos casos: emplear políticas implícitas en el mundo hispánico y las explícitas en el ámbito de ELE; utilizar las implícitas para mantener el uso de las lenguas dominantes y las explícitas para proteger a las dominadas.
Teaching translation and interpreting courses to students’ lacks and wants: An exploratory case study of prioritizing instructional objectives
Authors: Li 李向东 Xiangdong
Published: May 2019

Though formulation and prioritization of instructional objectives is an important link in the chain of course design, little research has been done in this regard in the field of translation and interpreting (T&I) education. This paper aims at demonstrating how to prioritize instructional objectives in implementing a consecutive interpreting course by inviting students to voice their wants and lacks. Thirty undergraduates and one instructor contributed to data collection through questionnaires and self-evaluation reports. Results of students’ pre-course wants and lacks helped prioritize the objectives formulated in the course design phase. Their pre-course post-course gains and post-course lacks were used to measure teaching effectiveness of prioritized instruction and learning, direct the design of the subsequent course, and thus achieve coordination and integration between courses in the overall T&I curriculum. The current study may inspire colleagues to become selfreflective researchers by formulating and prioritizing their instructional objectives and to contribute to instructional effectiveness at the course level and promote course sequencing and integration at the program level.
Twitter: #agoravirtual de participación política y (re)producción de la opinión pública
Authors: Muro-Ampuero Eduardo , Bach Carme
Published: May 2019

Este artículo es un estudio del uso del Twitter como herramienta de participación pública en un conflicto político sin la necesidad de participar necesariamente en las formas de filiación política más tradicionales. Para este artículo se parte del caso de los tuits surgidos a partir de la promulgación de la Ley Pulpín en Perú (diciembre de 2014), ley que pretendía rebajar los derechos laborales de los jóvenes peruanos, hasta su derogación gracias a la oposición a dicha ley (enero de 2015). Como corpus de análisis disponemos de un total de 105 tuits, generados en el entorno de las marchas que hubo en Perú contra esta ley. En el trabajo analizamos el contenido de los tuits del corpus de análisis a través de cuatro categorías principales, que hemos establecido para este trabajo, y que creemos que pueden ser replicables para futuros estudios lingüísticos basados en el género discursivo-digital twitter y su papel como espacio alternativo en el desarrollo de la lucha ante un problema sociopolítico. El artículo concluye que los elementos del género Twitter son herramientas básicas del espacio dialógico en el cual los usuarios interactúan.
The cooperative economic groups and the problem of the quantification of the social economy entities
Authors: Meira Deolinda
Published: May 2019

The Portuguese Cooperative Code allows cooperatives to set up commercial companies, subsidiaries, and acquire shares in the capital of commercial companies, provided this does not affect the autonomy of the cooperative. If through these group strategies, the cooperative aims to meet the needs of its members, we will be facing on the concept of ‘indirect mutuality’, a concept expressly admitted by the doctrine and the rules of certain jurisdictions. In these cases, the Social Economy Satellite Account should consider these commercial companies owned or participated by cooperatives as entities of the social economy. Therefore, a case-by-case analysis will be carried out to distinguish situations of indirect mutuality from situations of companization of the cooperative phenomenon.
A dimensão simbólica do consumo e o mercado como construção social: um estudo sobre a compra da casa e de produtos de moda
Authors: Haddad Beatriz Sumaya Malavasi , Porcionato Gabriela Lanza , Castro Ana Lúcia , Jardim Maria Chaves
Published: May 2019

Estudos sobre a dimensão simbólica do consumo e o conceito de mercado como construção social são temas abordadas por duas pesquisas que, mesmo realizadas de maneira autônomas e com temáticas diferentes, apresentam convergência nas análises. O objetivo deste artigo, portanto, é refletir sobre essas convergências, sendo a primeira pesquisa sobre a compra da casa própria a partir do programa habitacional federal, Minha Casa Minha Vida; e a segunda pesquisa acerca do consumo de marcas de moda globais em comunidades de baixa renda. Ambas as pesquisas discutem as relações sociais que se instauram em torno da compra destes bens, os discursos racionais da motivação da compra e o consumo como ato social e simbólico. 

 

Palavras-chave: consumo, mercado, pertencimento, bem.
The effect of melon and watermelon concentrates on consumer properties of polycomponent dairy dessert
Authors: Gorlov Ivan Fyodorovich , Mgebrishvili Irina Vazhayena , Slozhenkina Marina Ivanovna , Mosolova Natalya Ivanovna , Tarasova Irina Alexandrovna
Published: May 2019

A full balanced nutrition is a necessary condition for a person”™s normal physical and mental development, resistance to the effects of adverse environmental factors and strengthening immunity, which is of particular importance in the bad ecological situation in the world. Providing the population with high-quality bio-functional food is an important state task, the fulfillment of which is the key to the health of the nation, and ultimately ensures the security of the country. One of the effective ways to prevent and treat various diseases is the development of a new generation of functional dessert products with dietary properties. As a basis, there has been a principle considered, i.e., the high nutritional, biological value and physiological activity of the product are predetermined by the high quality of the raw materials. The article analyzes the state of the dairy industry at the present stage. The efficiency of melon and watermelon concentrates in the production of multicomponent dairy dessert has been substantiated. The positive effect of the tested concentrates on the structural and mechanical properties of the jelly part of the dessert, organoleptic characteristics and nutritional value of the product has been established. The optimal concentration of the gelling agent in the jelly has been determined. There were some conducted experiments aimed at maximum reducing of the gelling agent”™s weight fraction in the product.
The Effect of the Determinants of Accounting Discretion on the Relationship Between Earnings Management and Stock Returns
Authors: Draief Sondes
Published: May 2019

This research investigates the effect of the determinants of accounting discretion (beating last year’s earnings, overinvestment problems, growth options, debt, and financial risk) on the relationship between earnings management and stock returns. We use discretionary accruals as a proxy of earnings management.Based on a sample of 486 American firms for the period 2002-2010, our results show that discretionary accruals are positively priced by the market. This relation is even stronger when firms beat last year’s earnings, have higher growth options and increase their debt ratio. Indeed, firms’ accounting manipulations are used, in these circumstances, to convey private information about future prospects and signal good financial situation to external investors. However, discretionary accruals are negatively priced by investors in distressed firms and when overinvestment problems are intense. These firms have greater motivation to use opportunistic earnings management to camouflage the fall of firm value.
Application of PBL Using Laboratory and Mathematical Thinking Ability to Learning Outcomes of General Chemistry Course
Authors: Sugiharti Gulmah , Hamid K. Abdul , Mukhtar Mukhtar
Published: May 2019

The abundance of chemical concepts and general chemistry lessons that tend to be monotonous and have not yet considered the ability of mathematical thinking to cause problems in learning that resulted in low student learning outcomes. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of learning model and mathematical thinking ability toward General Chemistry study result, also interaction between learning model through laboratory usage and mathematical thinking ability. This research is an experimental research using PBL and DI model. The learning result data is obtained from general chemistry study result test and mathematical thinking ability data is obtained through the test of mathematical thinking ability which has all been validated. The data analysis technique used two way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The result of the research shows that there is a significant effect of the learning model on the students ‘learning outcomes in the General Chemistry course and there is interaction between the learning model using the laboratory with the ability to think mathematically on the students’ General Chemistry students learning outcomes. This research concludes that the PBL model using laboratories is well used in general chemistry learning, and preferably in teaching general chemistry courses, the lecturer considers students’ mathematical thinking skills.