bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problematika Motivasi Belajar Bahasa Arab di MA Darussalam Maguwoharjo Sleman dalam Konteks Psikolinguistik
Authors: Maulida Farhati
Published: February 2022

This study aims to explain the methods and strategies of learning Arabic elements. The research approach used in this study is the qualitative approach. The type of research uses field research. In this case, researchers searched for data by reading and tracing from several books, journals and other literature. In this study, the authors used descriptive qualitative analysis. This study aims to identify the motivation of Arabic language learning in MA Darussalam Maguwoharjo. Paradigm research used is post-positivism with qualitative approach and this type of research case study. The data source consists of primary data, namely Aarab language teacher and Ma Daarussalam Maguwoharjo student, and secondary data in the form of supporting documents. The motivation of Arabic language learning in MA Daarussalam Maguwoharjo consists of learning methods, learning techniques, teacher competence, time allocation, learning facilities, and media are not all optimal, when all are related to each other in determining whether or not the Arabic language defence Lujan in MA Daarussalam Maguwoharjo. The problem of Arabic language learning motives is associated with the background of hydrogen students, students' learning interests, lack of student feedback. The problem related to teachers is the lack of use of facilities and media among Teachers Arabic Language. Issues related to methods in learning consist of the lack of precise methods used, the lack of variation of plans in learning. While the problem related to time and facilities or media is the allocation of time is minimal and sometimes less conducive, as well as facilities and facilities that are less dissected.
Estetika Resepsi Sastra dalam Ragam Tanggapan Naẓm Alfiyyah Ibn Mālik
Authors: Rohman Muhammad Ariffur
Published: February 2022

This study reveals the various responses to the text of Nazm Alfiyyah Ibn Malik's stanza that developed in Indonesia, especially among Islamic boarding schools. The author uses the aesthetic theory of literary reception by placing Naẓm Alfiyyah Ibn Mālik as a literary text. The results of this study are; The Islamic Boarding School gave birth to two models of responses, responses in the form of works as a whole and responses partially. The first model of Islamic boarding school has a relatively similar response to that of Arab Islamic scholars, tends to be textual so that it is only able to fill a small part of the space in the text of the Nazm Alfiyyah stanza. The second model of Islamic boarding schools gave birth to responses that tended to be contextualistic, out of the nahwu-sarf discussion so that they were able to fill more empty spaces than the first group. From the academics who gave birth to a scientific paper, the response of this group was relatively the same as the first model Islamic boarding school, only the reading process was carried out partially and strictly followed established scientific rules. The creative reader community, who are widely circulated in cyberspace (social media) have responses that tend to be strange (weird), out of habits (rules) that have been established both among Arab Islamic scholars, Islamic boarding schools, and academics.
Film “Big Brother 2018” Sebagai Inovasi Relasi Guru dan Siswa Perspektif Pendidikan Pembebasan Paulo Freire
Authors: Widodo Achmad Yulianto , PS Alaika M. Bagus Kurnia , Dinilillahi Anugerah Ilma , Qodarullah Moch Wahyu
Published: February 2022

This reaserch focuses on building the relationship between teachers and students in the film “Big Brother 2018” which shows the existence of liberation education. Using a descriptive-qualitative research method that provides details regarding how to build relationships between teachers and students in a medium as an inspiration to be applied in schools. A qualitative approach by supporting data on content analysis is expected to produce writings that media such as films can be good examples of teacher-student relationships. The relationship between teacher and student in the film shows freedom in teaching at school. The theory used in this research is the concept of Pauolo Freire in the liberation of education which offers an educational model of conscientization, facing problems and humanization. So that it can be obtained 1) conscientization education that teaches critical of reality 2) dealing with problems that make school students not only memorize the contents of books so that they pass with good grades on exams, 3) humanization which illustrates that teachers also learn from their students or non-formal subjects. subjects.
PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTUR DALAM AKTIVITAS KEAGAMAAN DI KONCO PURA TAMAN GANDASARI DESA DANGIN PURI KAJA KECAMATAN DENPASAR UTARA PROVINSI BALI
Authors: Astajaya I Ketut Manik , Erna Tanu Ria Sari Ni Made Ayu
Published: February 2022

Konco Pura Taman Gandasari is not only a place of worship for Tri Dharma Buddhists but also as a place of worship for Hindus. As is well known, tolerance between Hindus and Buddhists at Konco Pura Taman Gandasari can be used as an example of unity that produces harmony among others. Basically, the tolerance practiced by these people in responding to differences in beliefs and beliefs is a term in a social, cultural and religious context which means attitudes and actions that prohibit discrimination against different groups. This research generally aims to describe and to know comprehensively about the Konco Pura Taman Gandasari in a multicultural dimension so that it becomes the foundation of diversity into the realization of harmony in religious, national and state life and the willingness to understand, appreciate, acknowledge and accept diversity which has become a social reality. Indonesian people know that Bhinneka Tunggal Ika community which has a diversity of tribes, cultures, religions, languages, and others. However, there is one thing that still and really needs to be formed through multicultural education and an understanding of cultural relativity by growing a sense and awareness of the importance of respecting, acknowledging, and accepting existing diversity. The presentation of data analysis in this study begins with the data collection process. After collecting data on Multicultural Education in Religious Activities at Konco Pura Taman Gandasari, the data was compiled systematically and analyzed in the data reduction process. After the data reduction process, the results of the data analysis were presented using a descriptive method. If it is valid, then it is described and a comprehensive conclusion is obtained about the structure, function and characteristics of multicultural education in Multicultural Education in Religious Activities at Konco Pura Taman Gandasari.
Konstruksi Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru dalam Pembelajaran
Authors: Solihin Rahmat , Iqbal Muhammad , Muin Muhammad Tamsil
Published: February 2022

Pedagogical Content Knowledge is a concept in education research which was first initiated by Shulman in 1986. The PCK concept seeks to uncover the teacher competence construct to produce quality learning. By using library research, the authors search for relevant reference regarding PCK as primary data in this study. The author concludes that PCK is a combination of teacher knowledge about pedagogy and teacher knowledge about content or learning subjects. These two competencies are interrelated and reinforce each other so that neither one nor both can be left out. A teacher must understand what he teaches before he teaches the knowledge to his students. This is what distinguishes a teacher from a scientist who focuses on developing knowledge, while the teacher focuses more on transforming the delivery of knowledge to students.
Girls in Industrial Workers’ Families in St. Petersburg in the Second Half of the 19th Century — Early 20th Century
Authors: Долинникова О.В.
Published: February 2022

Пореформенный период является одним из неоднозначных и противоречивых эпох в истории России. Перемены, происходившие в российском обществе второй половины XIX — начале XX века, затрагивали все слои населения. Дети, являясь одной из самых незащищенных социальных групп, нуждались в помощи, защите, поддержке взрослых. Однако взрослые сами часто не находили место в быстро меняющемся окружающем мире, и дети становились для них либо обузой, либо средством для заработка. Уже в конце XIX века многие рабочие осознали все перемены, происходившие в российском обществе. Родители, работавшие на фабриках и заводах столицы, стали больше внимания уделять как воспитанию, так и образованию детей, в том числе девочек. Новые подходы в воспитании и образовании девочек в рабочих семьях открывали для них новые жизненные горизонты, увеличивали их жизненные ожидания.

The post-reform period is one of the most controversial eras in Russian history. In the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries, Russian society experienced changes which concerned all social layers. Being one of the least protected social groups, children needed adult support and protection. Adults, however, often felt lost in the rapidly changing world and children became a burden or a means to earn extra money. In the late 19th century, many Russian workers recognized social change. St. Petersburg factory workers recognized the importance of educating their children, both male and female. New approaches to female education in working families encouraged girls to explore new opportunities and widened their aspirations.
Subsidiary Farming as a Solution to Food Insecurity during World War II (using the example of rearward towns of the Vladimir Region)
Authors: Тряхов И.С.
Published: February 2022

В статье рассматривается деятельность и значение подсобных хозяйств в решении продовольственной проблемы в годы Великой Отечественной войны и процесс их расширения. Материалом для исследования послужили региональные партийные документы, собранные в Государственном архиве Владимирской области. Внимание в статье акцентировано на осуществлении требования партии и правительства перейти преимущественно на самообеспечение продовольствием в городах тылового региона. Сам регион, менявший тыловое положение несколько раз в течение войны, имел важное транспортное расположение и принимал эвакуированных. На основе изученных документов автор приходит к выводу, что война, с одной стороны, усугубила продовольственные трудности в регионе, но вместе с этим подтолкнула местное население к расширению возделываемых земельных площадей, ставших большим подспорьем в питании. Однако большинство руководителей предприятий рассматривали подсобные хозяйства как обузу и не выделяли должное количество ресурсов для их содержания. Анализ источников показывает, что просчеты советского политического и военного руководства, вытекающие в основном из объективных причин, привели к необходимости перестройки хозяйства с мирных на военные рельсы без продуманного плана. Подсобные хозяйства стали важным подспорьем в решении продовольственной проблемы, их существование в полной мере не прекратилось даже с окончанием войны.

The article treats the role rearward subsidiary farms played in solving food insecurity during World War II. It also focuses on the processes of their functioning and expansion. The research investigates regional party documents stored in the State Archive of the Vladimir Region. The article centres on the fact that the government and the party expected rearward areas to satisfy their nutritional needs. Due to its favourable location, the Vladimir Region offered numerous evacuees a safe haven. The analysis of archival documents enables the author to conclude that the war exacerbated food insecurity and urged local population to expand cultivated lands in order to alleviate the perils of hunger. However, many factory leaders believed subsidiary farming to be an unfortunate encumbrance and did not provide the necessary assistance. Document analysis shows that misjudgements and blunders of the political and military authorities of the Soviet Union resulted in miscalculated attempts to meet national security needs. Subsidiary farms were an essential asset for solving food insecurity both during and after World War II.
American and Soviet Military Personnel in the Vietnam War (investigating ego-documents)
Authors: Лапшина И.К. , Любимцев Ф.А.
Published: February 2022

На основе эго-документов советских и американских военнослужащих в статье раскрываются особенности их повседневного быта на вьетнамской войне, проводится сравнительный анализ восприятия участниками происходивших событий, мотивации и морального духа. Проведенное исследование позволяет сделать вывод о принципиальной роли человеческого фактора в исходе противостояния двух держав во Вьетнаме.

The article analyzes ego-documents pertaining to the presence of Soviet and American military personnel in Vietnam during the Second Indochina War. It investigates daily routines of American and Soviet soldiers, compares their perception of military events, their motivation and morale. The research enables the authors to conclude that human factor played a decisive role in the military conflict in Vietnam.
Russian Grammar: System — Language Usage — Language Variation, the Fifth International Symposium
Authors: Южакова Ю.А.
Published: February 2022

Конференция имеет очень высокий статус, подкрепленный представительныморганизационным комитетом

The conference has a very high status, supported by a representativeorganizing committee
Frequency of Anosmia and Ageusia in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Shahid Fatima , Qureshi Nousheen , Masood Sundas , Hussain Asmara , Afzal Memoona
Published: February 2022

Background:With little research about the disease progress and its variants from asymptomatic individuals to patients suffering from type 2 respiratory failure, it has been a challenge to diagnose the affected individuals and control its spread. Different initial researches indicated presence of sudden anosmia and dysgeusia in asymptomatic or mild symptomatic carriers. Hence the purpose of my research was to find out the frequency of these symptoms in covid-19 positive patients.Methods:This is a retrospective study of 157 patients who were tested positive with COVID -19 between March and September 1, 2020. Because of restrictions on visits to clinics and hospitals and increased risk of exposure during the epidemic, patients were not examined. Data was collected through google forms and telephonic interviews of patients who suffered from covid 19 in the past.Results:The data was analyzed using spss version 23. According to our result ,of all the patients suffered from covid -19 58.1% patients presented with sudden onset anosmia and 53.8% presented with sudden hypogeusia without any previous history of such symptoms.Conclusion:The purpose of my research was to conclude frequency of symptoms of sudden onset anosmia and dysgeusia in COVID-19 patients in Pakistan. This will facilitate timely screening and thus isolation of affected individuals, thus decreasing the spread and lowering the curve. As proven, in addition of fever and sudden onset dry cough, isolated sudden onset anosmia(ISOA)should be considered one of the presenting complains.
Predictors of Mortality of COVID-19 cases In Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi
Authors: Tahir Sidra , Zaman Sadaf , Meraj Lubna , Sheraz Faisal , Dar Savida Ilyas , Shams Nadia
Published: February 2022

Background: There has been a global epidemic of COVID-19 caused by novel corona virus (SARS-2). Current research aims to study the demographic, clinical characteristics and co-morbidities in COVID-19 related deaths. Methodology: This observational (descriptive) study was conducted at BBH Rawalpindi based on data from 1st March-15th June 2020 after ethical approval. Inclusion criteria was the deceased COVID PCR positive cases (>18 years age) of both the genders. Exclusion criteria was negative PCR, doubtful diagnosis and expiry outside the hospital setting. Data was collected from hospital record and family members. Demographic details, symptoms, duration of hospital stay, co-morbidities, type of ventilatory support were documented. Data analysed by SPSS, significant p<0.05. Results: There were 54 expiries from1st March to 13th June, 42(78%) males & 12(22%) females. Mean age was 54.24+12.78 years. 76% had various comorbidities, i.e., diabetes (57%), hypertension (54%), ischemic heart disease (20%); stroke, cancer, COPD and hypothyroidism (<10% each). Most frequent cause of death was acute respiratory distress syndrome due to Covid-19. Two patients died of sepsis and multiorgan failure. 64% of patients received mechanical ventilation and 35% oxygen via non-rebreather mask. There was average 4 days on invasive mechanical ventilator. 51-60 years had longest duration of illness and hospitalization till death, while 20-30 years had the shortest.  The average mortality climbed up (25% to 57%) from April to May 2020. Conclusion: COVID-19 claims significant mortality. The risk factors for mortality being age above 50 years, male gender, co-morbidities like diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, need for mechanical ventilation upon admission and longer duration of illness. There is need to intensify the vaccination and prevention in the community keeping in mind these high-risk groups. The high-risk cases, need to be aggressively managed to reduced mortality and improve outcome.
Side effects of Sinopharm Vaccine experienced by healthcare professionals of Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Authors: Shahid Rizwana , Umar Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Mujeeb , Zeb Shazia , Nadar Ayesha , Afzal Sheema
Published: February 2022

Objectives: To determine the gender and age based disparities in side effects among healthcare workers in response to COVID-19 (Sinopharm) vaccination

Subjects & Methods: Total 216 healthcare workers were vaccinated against COVID-19 by administering Sinopharm vaccine during February and March 2021 at Infectious Diseases Department of Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi were enrolled in the study through consecutive sampling. Data for this cross-sectional descriptive study was gathered pertinent to age, gender and side effects of Sinopharm vaccination. The information regarding vaccination side effects was inquired through telephonic calls. Data was analyzed by means of SPSS version 25.0.

Results: Mean age of healthcare workers in our study was 35.7 ± 9.5 years. Most (54.6%) of them were females. About 79.2% of health professionals were 21-40 years old. Side effects after first dose of Sinopharm vaccine were experienced by 46.3% males and 42.4% females. About 45.2% and 42.3% males and females respectively overlooked the second jab adversity. Greater proportion (43.6%) complained of vaccine related side effects after the second dose than 37.5% subjects who noted side effects after the first dose of vaccine. Bodyaches, injection site pain, headache and fever were established as the commonest post-vaccination side effects.

Conclusion: Side effects resulting from Sinopharm vaccine among our healthcare personnel were minimal. Fortunately none of them complained of serious aftereffects. Despite the COVID vaccination, our healthcare workers should strictly adhere to COVID SOPs amidst pandemic in order to avoid catastrophe in future.
Redefining Work Practices at Tertiary Care Hospital’s Orthopaedic Department in a Developing Country During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kaleem Muhammad Omer , Sheraz Muhammad , Rahman Obaid Ur
Published: February 2022

Corona virus infection (Covid-19) originated from Chinese city of Wuhan, Hubei in late December 2019 . While the disease is thought to be highly contagious, WHO declared it as public health emergency on 30th January 2020. Pakistan reported its first corona virus infection on 26th February 2020. Initially infection was limited to those travelling from endemic areas but on 13th March 2020, Pakistan reported its first corona virus infection from local transmission. With limited testing ability and lack of uniform national corona virus response strategy, Pakistan reported total of 38,799 confirmed corona virus cases by mid May 2020. Confirmed cases reached 905,852 on 24th May 2021. Lack of definitive guidelines for health care workers (HCWs) and poor existing hospital strategies in response to COVID-19 pandemic increased the agitation and stress level among HCWs. More than half of the doctors working in our orthopedic department suffered from COVID-19. In this COVID-19 pandemic, orthopedic community should continuously evolve taking into consideration resource optimization, social distancing, innovation and best practices to minimize COVID-19 infection among health care workers who are working day and night to combat COVID- 19 in already overburdened health care system of developing country. Adopting these recommendations will not only give a uniform policy for health care workers (HCWs) of orthopedic department working in resource limited government hospitals, where thousands of patients present daily, but also limit the COVID-19 infection among health care workers (HCWs). We hope to get the best possible outcome out of current circumstances where developing nation like ours cannot afford the luxury of PPE for every health care worker and PCR COVID-19 testing for every patient.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on students learning Anatomy-View Point
Authors: Samiullah Syed , Humaira Aiyesha
Published: February 2022

The effect of Covid-19 pandemic on medical education is long lasting. Stakeholders played significant role in implementing the new ways in medical education. In universities mode of learning have been shifted from traditional face to face learning to online methods. The pre-clinical education is the backbone of medical carrier and knowledge of anatomy is essential for understanding the clinical subjects. Online teaching with innovative teaching strategies has now become an alternative source for students learning human anatomy. These changes will impact the future of anatomy education. After the pandemic over teaching and learning anatomy will be accomplished by use of both modern multimedia resources and conventional approach. During pandemic the mentorship may play key role in alleviating the academic stress and psychological issues in students.
Association of ABO Blood Groups and Rh factor with COVID-19 Infection in the Population of Rawalpindi Region
Authors: Jamal Ali Murad , Safian Hafiz Abu , Iqbal Ather , Abbas Bilawal , Irshad Umer , Azhar Junaid
Published: February 2022

Background: COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has resulted in a worldwide pandemic. Around 1.6 million mortalities have been reported worldwide due to its fatal impacts on the human body and no specific treatment is yet available. Thus, this study was planned to determine the relationship between different blood groups and COVID-19 infection according to age and gender in the population of the Rawalpindi region. Materials and Methods: Around 3000 RT-PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 were carried out in a private lab in Rawalpindi from April to June 2020, according to which 1160 (38.66%) people tested positive by RT-PCR. Data was collected from all positive individuals using a proforma containing demographic details and blood groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS v. 23.0 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.). Results: Out of 1160 COVID-19 positive participants, 594 (51.2%) were males, and 566 (48.8%) were females. Age group 51-60 years was the most prevalent among COVID-19 infected population. Those having blood group B-positive have a higher chance of getting infection i.e. 45.6% (n=529), and blood group AB-negative have the least prevalence i.e. 0.34% (n=4). Overall, Rh-positive blood types are higher among positively infected populations compared to Rh-negative blood types.Conclusion: Blood group B positive is highly prevalent in COVID-19 positive individuals as compared to other blood groups. Individuals with Rh-positive blood type are frequently infected as compared to those with Rh-negative blood type. These findings should be taken into consideration while managing patients of COVID-19.
Psychological factors related to professional examinations and their association with sleep quality among Medical students
Authors: Maqbool Shahzaib , Sundus Omaima , Khan Muhammad Sarfraz , Ihtesham Arham , Mohamed Waleed Inayat , Arshad Rabia
Published: February 2022

Background: In our country, medical education is considered a challenging, tough, and stressful process, which is significantly associated with depression, anxiety, and stress, particularly during exam seasons, adversely affecting the sleep quality of medical students. The objective of our study is to evaluate the depression, anxiety and stress levels, and determine their impact on sleep quality of medical students during exams. Materials and Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 391 students of Rawalpindi Medical University. Data was collected through a questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of (1) socio-demographic details, (2) Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21(DASS-21), (3) The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Chi-square and t-tests were applied taking P<0.05 as significant. Spearman rho test was applied to measure the strength of association. Data analysis was done via (SPSS) v.23.0.Results: Out of 391 students, 197 (50.4%) were female while 194 (49.6%) were male. The mean age was 21.63 years (SD=1.59). Fourth-year students (n=117, 29.9%) formed the majority of the participants followed by final-year 108(27.6%), second-year 94 (24%), and third-year 72 (18.4%). 167(42.71%) students suffered from depression, 50.4% from anxiety and 351(89.8%) from stress. Quality of sleep was poorest (PSQI>5) in second-year students with a mean value of 9.72 for global sleep quality. Quality of sleep was significantly associated with anxiety and depression.Conclusion: Depression, anxiety, and stress are common among second as well as third-year students. Second-year students have the poorest quality of sleep. The sleep quality is significantly associated with anxiety and depression.
Association of Stress Coping Strategies and Leisure Time Physical Activity with Academic Performance in Medical Students
Authors: Mahmood Mohsin , Afzal Mohammad Talal , Malik Abdur Rehman , Butt Adam Umair Ashraf , Khan Muhammad Sarfraz , Waseem Muhammad Haseeb
Published: February 2022

Background: In recent times, the incidence of stress has increased dramatically, and it is now becoming prevalent in students as well. This study aims to identify different coping strategies and leisure-time physical activity in medical students, and their association with academic performance throughout the stressful event of professional examinations using the brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) inventory.Materials and Methods: It is a cross-sectional correlational study done during August 2019 to November 2019. Students enrolled in Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) studying at Rawalpindi Medical University, Pakistan participated in this research during their professional examinations. Independent sample t-tests were used to identify differences between the two academic groups (high and low achievers) by coping strategies, like approach coping and avoidant coping. The Spearman’s rho test was applied to find correlation between leisure time activity and academic status of students. High achievers were defined as those with average scores greater than 70% (and distinction, if any). Those with scores less than 70% (and supplementary exams taken if any) were classified as low achievers.Results: The majority of participants were females 259 (56.4%). Out of 459 students, 225(49%) were high achievers, while 234(51%) were low achievers. A weak negative correlation was established between sedentary/insufficiently active lifestyle (r (2) =0.114, P=0.015) and academic status. The mean scores of approach coping (mean =30.80, SD=5.32) were significantly higher for high achievers. By comparison, the mean scores of avoidant coping (mean =48.75, SD=4.92) were considerably higher for low achievers.Conclusion: A medium level of leisure-time physical activity and approach coping strategies such as active coping, emotional support, and diligent planning have considerable positive effects on performance.
Vaccination, the only weapon against COVID-19, for the nonce
Authors: Khan Muhammad Mujeeb
Published: February 2022

Epidemics of infectious diseases have always been well documented throughout the human history, particularly by ancient Egypt and Greece and for diseases like smallpox, leprosy, tuberculosis, meningococcal infections and diphtheria. Since the ancient times, the morbidity and mortality of these infectious diseases has profoundly shaped the politics, commerce, culture and social structure of different eras in epidemics. (1) With the beginning of 2020, world has encountered a new challenge, with the name of Covid-19. Commencing from Wuhan city of China, this disease spread like wildfire within a matter of next few months, with a rising death toll and serious consequences on the entire globe. The impact of COVID-19 on the population was no less than terror and shock. Since COVID-19 disease kept on spreading via aerosol and droplet infections, World Health Organization (WHO) declared emergency and along with other health agencies emphasized on respiratory hygiene i.e. covering the nose and mouth with a mask and using cough etiquettes in addition to standard precautionary measures. Social distancing was emphasized. Different rapid treatment guidelines were developed and practiced across the globe, with no definitive management guaranteeing the recovery cent per cent. Where a number of interventions were being tried and tested, attention was diverted towards vaccination since it had always been contemplated to be the integral in control of many infectious diseases.(2) Vaccination is envisaged as one of the most effective public health interventions for preventing and saving lives of from different infectious diseases and promoting good health. Hence scientists from all over the world got involved in rapid and expeditious development of vaccines against this novel disease.
Assessment of parent/ caretaker satisfaction with child and adolescent mental health services in a tertiary care setting
Authors: Mazhar Mahpara , Khan Faisal Rashid , Nizami Asad Tamizuddin , Yasir Sadia
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: Assessment of parent/caretaker satisfaction with child and adolescent mental health services in a tertiary care setting

METHODS: In this descriptive cross sectional study, 130 parents/caretakers of children aged ≤ 16 years were administered Parent/Caretaker Satisfaction Questionnaire which is a 20-item, 4-point Likert type scale, after their second visit/consultation with Child Psychiatric OPD via non-probability consecutive sampling directly as well as telephonically during six months period. Demographic variables were collected via Proforma. The data was analyzed using SPSS v 16.0. p- value <0.05 was considered significant.

RESULTS: 73.1% (n=95) were very satisfied (satisfaction level>60), 24.6 %(n=32) were satisfied (satisfaction between 21-60) and only 2.3%(n=3) were unsatisfied (satisfaction ≤20). No significant association was found between demographic variables and level of satisfaction.

CONCLUSION: Our study revealed a high level of parent/caretaker satisfaction with Child and Adolescent mental health services in a tertiary care setting. No significant association was found between socio-demographic variables and parent/caretakers’ satisfaction.

KEY WORDS: Patient satisfaction, Quality of health care, Child Psychiatry, Mental health services
Comparison of Teaching by Conventional Method and by using Cognitive Theory of Multimedia to Post Graduate FCPS Radiology Students
Authors: Durrani Misbah , Mahboob Usman , Inam Zainab , Haq Inam Ul , Manzoor Shamaila , Aliya Khushbakht
Published: February 2022

Abstract:

Objective: Objectives of this study was to teach postgraduate radiology resident physics by both conventional method and by using cognitive theory of multimedia, comparing the results and to see if there was any improvement in their learning and performance.

Study Design: Comparative Experimental study

Setting and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at B.B.H. and Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi from Oct to Dec 2019.

Methods: Two groups of PG FCPS students of first year and second year comprising of 10 students each were formed. Two groups had similar attributes. First of all Pretest is taken. Group one was taught through didactic lecture and post test was taken. Second group was taught by the use of cognitive theory of multimedia and post test was taken. Cross over was done. Pretest was taken as before. Group one was now taught by the use of cognitive theory of multimedia and post test was taken and group two was taught through didactic lecture and post test was again taken. Results of both groups were compared.

Results: Statistically these two groups were similar. At the end of first round mean pretest score in conventionally taught group I was 4.1 and mean post test score was 8.8. In group II taught by cognitive theory of multimedia the mean pretest score was 4.2 and mean post test score was 13.3. After cross over in group II taught conventionally the mean test score was 4.0 and post test score were 8.9. In group I now taught by cognitive theory of multimedia teaching group mean pretest score was 4.1 and mean post test score was 13.6.

Conclusion: Postgraduate, first and second year Diagnostic Radiology residents performed better in assessment once they were taught Physics by use of cognitive theory of multimedia as compared when taught by conventional method of teaching.

Keywords:

Didactic lecture, cognitive theory of multimedia, post graduate residents.
Quality of Sleep and its associated risk factors among maintenance Hemodialysis patients in Pakistan.
Authors: Yaseen Mahjabeen , Naqvi Shagufta , Saleem Amna , Nasreen Rida , Imran Rida , Mahmood Aysha
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Background: Chronic Kidney disease patients on maintenance hemodialysis have a poor and compromised life. Sleep quality and pattern is frequently impaired and leads to psychological   and physical issues among them. The aim of this study is to determine the quality of sleep and its associated risk factors among maintenance hemodialysis patients.

Materials and Methods:

This Observational cross sectional study was carried out at the Hemodialysis units of Al Mustafa Medical Institute and Alamgir International Welfare Trust from March to August 2019.A total of 156 patients above 18 years of age were recruited in the study. Data was collected regarding demographic characteristics (age, gender, education, marital status,    and employment), dialysis characteristics (duration, shift) renal disease characteristics (duration, etiology), smoking status, comorbidities like Cardiovascular Diseases, Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Hepatitis B positive  and  Hepatitis C positive status. Sleep quality was assessed using Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and sleep quality score was calculated according to that. Those with a scores of < 5 or 5 indicate good sleep quality, and scores of >5 indicate poor sleep quality. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25.0

Results: Total 156 patients undergoing hemodialysis completed the questionnaire. Majority of the participants (52.9%) were male while 47.1% were female. Out of 140 participants 89(57.1) had a poor quality of sleep while 67(42.9) had a good quality of sleep. A significant association was found between poor quality of sleep and increasing age, smoking and hepatitis B positive status (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Sleep quality is impaired in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Associated risk factors were age, hepatitis B, smoking.

Key words: Sleep Quality, maintenance hemodialysis, Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index.
Frequency of Thyroid Dysfunction and Congenital Heart Defects in Subjects with Down Syndrome
Authors: Afzal Erum , Arshad Muhammad Sohail , Khan Waqas Imran
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT:

Background: Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality with prevalence of 1 in 700-1500 live births. Its manifestations may include congenital heart defects(CHD), thyroid dysfunctions, hematopoietic disorders, early-onset Alzheimer disease, gastrointestinal disorders, neuromuscular weakness, hearing and visual problems, characteristic facial and physical features. The prevalence of thyroid disorders and congenital heart diseases are higher in DS patients than in general population.

Objective:To explore the frequency, and types of congenital heart defects (CHD) and Thyroid disorders in children with Down syndrome (DS) in the children hospital and the institute of child health (CHICH) Multan.

Study design:  Descriptive cross sectional

Setting: Outpatient department (OPD) of CHICH Multan

Method:A total of 158 down syndrome (DS) patients of 0 to 15 years of age, of both genders were included in this study from October 2019 to October 2020. DS was diagnosed by specific clinical features and karyotyping. Age, sex and mother’s age was noted. Blood samples of all the patients were sent for karyotyping and serum T4 and Thyroid stimulation hormone (TSH). For patients more than 36 months, blood samples were also sent for Antithyroglobulin and antithyroid peroxidase antibodies. Echocardiography of all the patients was done. Data was collected and analyzed by using SPSS version 16.0.

Results:Out of 158 DS children most presented below 6months of age, with male to female ratio of 1:1.4. Mostly mothers were between 20 to 40 years of age. Karyotyping revealed non disjunction in 97% of cases. Cardiac abnormalities were found in 48% of DS children. Most common Type was VSD (10.9%), Thyroid abnormalities were detected in 24% of DS patients, subclinical hypothyroidism (13.9%) was most common.

Conclusion: CHD and Thyroid disorders must be ruled out in all DS patients,to start early management.

 Keywords: Down syndrome, Congenital heart disease, hypothyroidism.
Prevalence and Associated factors Of Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction among Young Adults in Karachi
Authors: Ahmed Hamza , Yasmeen Samreen , Ishaque Farhan , Naz Anum , Khan Fazila , Iqbal Samreen
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors for temporomandibular joint dysfunction among young adult in Karachi.

Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in (n=383) subjects with (n=165) males and (n=218) females aged between 18–30 years. The subjects were requested to answer Fonseca’s questionnaires, consisted on ten questions. The collected data sets were analyzed statistically through using the SPSS version 22.

Result: A total (n=383) participants, the prevalence of TMD is 66.6%. The participant with TMD (66.6%) show 54.0% mild TMD, 12.0% moderate and 0.5% severe. Women with 61% showing TMD, as compare to men 73.93%. When considering only severe TMD, only women are affected 0.5%. Participant with any level of TMD show marked characteristics: 12.53% considered themselves tense people; 17.5% reported to clench or grind their teeth; 8.88% reported clicking of the temporomandibular joint; 24.28% reported frequent headache.

Conclusion: The result of the study concluded that the TMD a high prevalence among young adult in Karachi, among participant with TMD most of the participants had mild TMD which reveals that in young population about half of the participants presented with mild TMD.

Key Points: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), Mastication, Helkimo's indexes, Fonseca anamnestic Index (FAI)
Assessment of Triglycerides Levels in Gestational Diabetes - A cross-sectional study
Authors: Jahan Mumtaz , Sulaman Hira , Qazi Naila , Manzoor Uzma , Asghar Sajida , Shaheen Madiha
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the impaired glucose tolerance that is recognized first time during pregnancy. When a woman gets pregnant, glucose intolerance increases and manifests as a positive GDM diagnosis. It has been considered a transient condition because after delivery the majority of cases return to normoglycemic levels. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad. Data were collected in a period of 06 months between July 2020 to January 2021. A total of 100 women were included in the study and 5cc of their blood was taken from the vein under aseptic measures for measuring serum triglyceride levels after 12 hours of overnight fasting. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 20.0. Results: The overall mean Serum Triglyceride level of study subjects was 181.17±33.62 mg/dl, with a range of 151-359 mg/dl. Around two-third, 66% of women had <181 mg/dl of Serum Triglyceride level, and 34% of patients had it >181 mg/dl. Our observation was that the mean level of Serum Triglyceride was not different significantly among age, BMI, gestational age, educational and socio-economic groups with p-value >0.05.Conclusion: This study highlights that the circulating mean triglyceride level in GDM subjects was significantly elevated from the normal pregnancy levels.
Comparison of the Effect of Administration Time of Prophylactic Antibiotics on Post-Operative Wound Infection after Caesarean Section
Authors: Mushtaq Maryam , Rizwan Humaira , Kousar Shermeen , Akram Ayesha , Irshad Samina , Irshad Nasim
Published: February 2022

Objective: To compare the post-operative wound infection rate after cesarean section in women receiving prophylactic antibiotics before skin incision with women receiving antibiotic after cord clamping of baby.

Study design: Randomized controlled trial

Place and Duration of Study:  Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Holy Family hospital, Rawalpindi from October 2017 to April 2018.

Materials & Methods: 356 patients pregnant female of age 20-45 years who were at term undergoing elective cesarean section for any indication were enrolled. All the patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group A (study group) was comprised of patients who received prophylactic antibiotic dose 15-60 min before the start of surgery. Group B (control group) was comprised of patients who received the antibiotic after the cord clamping of the baby.  The wound infection was noted for both the groups. All the patients were followed up for 8 days to assess infection. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22. 

Results: Mean maternal age of the total study population found to be 28.6±5.3 years. Mean gestational age in all the enrolled patients found to be 37.7±1.2 weeks. Wound infection was noted in 28.4% (n=101) of total study population. Out of 101 total patients who presented with wound infection, 63 patients (62.4%) were of control group while only 38 (37.6%) patients belonged to study group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).

Conclusions: Prophylactic antibiotic are useful for controlling post cesarean wound infection.

KEY WORDS: Cesarean delivery, Ceftriaxone, Wound infection
Hesitancy In Getting COVID-19 Vaccine – An Alarming Concern
Authors: Ahmed Riaz
Published: February 2022

According to new research, health care workers and medical students are reluctant to receive vaccinations. This recent research found that hesitancy was often observed in age groups. This obstacle, though, does not prevent medical personnel from caring for virus-infected patients. With the appropriate education and advice, apprehension and anxiety will be substituted by confidence in the battle against coronavirus disease.
Hypoglycemic status in low birth weight neonates during first 24 hours of life after birth
Authors: Khan Sundus , Ashraf Sohail , Siddiqa Somaya , Noor Sobia , Saleem Munazza
Published: February 2022

Objective: The study aimed to determine the frequency of hypoglycemia in low birth weight neonates during the first 24 hours of life after birth.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st March 2016 to 31st August 2016 in the NICU and postnatal ward of POF Hospital, Wah Cantt. All the babies with birth weight less than 2.5 kg including preterm and term were included in the study. After the aseptic measure blood, sugar was checked and a value less than 45 mg/dl was labelled as hypoglycemia.

Results: Out of 96 neonates,51 (53%) were male and 45 (47%) were female.  The minimum weight of the patient was 1.6kg and the maximum was 2.40 kg. Hypoglycemia was noted in 49 (51%) babies after 2 hours of birth whereas 36 (37.5%) had hypoglycemia at 4 hours and 13 (13.5 %) had at 24 hours. 68 (70.8%) babies included in the study were appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and 28 (29.1%) babies were small for gestational age (SGA). After 2 hours of birth, hypoglycemia was present more in SGA babies i.e.20 (71.4%) as compared to AGA babies i.e. 29 (42.6%) which had statistical significance also (p-value 0.01).

Conclusion: Neonatal hypoglycemia is a well-recognized complication in newborns and low birth weight infants are more susceptible to hypoglycemia. Early identification of vulnerable infants and the use of preemptive measures can result in better outcomes.
Role of Occiput Spinal Angle-A Novel Sonographic Index to predict the outcome of labour
Authors: Mughal Hina Hanif , Naqvi Saadat , Raja Riffat , Bhatti Hamza Waqar , Gohar Khansa , Ali Warda
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The attitude (relationship of head of a fetus to the cervical spine) in the first stage of labour has a significant impact on the outcome of labour. Deflexion of the fetal head is determined by digital vaginal examination during labour. However, different ultra-sonographic indexes have been developed to predict labour outcomes. Occiput spine angle (OSA) is a novel ultra-sonographic marker which can be used to predict operative delivery.

Objective: To determine the effect of the occipital spinal angle measured through transabdominal ultrasound during the first stage of labour on the labour outcome.

Materials and Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was carried out at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit 2, Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi from June 2020 to Dec 2020 which included 380 low-risk pregnant women in the first active stage of labour. Occipital-spine angle (OSA) was defined as the angle formed by the fetal occiput and the cervical spine on the sagittal plane at the transabdominal ultrasound. For each case, the angle was calculated twice and independently by the 2 radiologists who were unaware of labour outcome to minimize intra and inter-observer error. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.

Results: Incidence of operative delivery was 17.2%. A cut-off value of 1260125.50 of OSA had a sensitivity of 92.3% and specificity of 98.1% to predict operative delivery. Binary Logistic Regression showed that gestational age, OSA, and Head station are significant with the OR= 1.15, 0.711, and 0.32 respectively.

Conclusion: OSA is a good predictor of operative delivery at a cut-off value of 1260. It should be determined at routine ultrasound booking during pregnancy. More studies should be conducted to highlight its importance.