bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estandarización de una técnica de reacción en cadena de polimerasa (PCR) para detección de Herpesvirus bovino-1 en semen
Authors: Rodas Juan David , Zuluaga Fabio N , Ossa Jorge E
Published: August 2024

Resumen El HVB-1 puede extraerse en semen de animales seropositivos pero la frecuencia de excreción y el impacto de esta vi de transmisión no han sido aclaradas. Para contribuir a esta discusión se hizo un esfuerzo por estandarizar una prueba de PCR para HVB-1 en semen. Como otros autores lo habían informado, encontramos que el semen contiene factores inhibidores de la reacción que hacen que, cuando no se trabaja con DNA purificado, sea necesaria la dilución de la muestra hasta 1:6000 para poder lograr la amplificación del DNA viral. Con el objetivo de amentar la posibilidad de detección de la banda de DNA viral esperada, se utilizó un Southern Blot con una sonda obtenida a partir del poli nucleótido amplificado por los cebadores respectivos, marcada con P32. Los ensayos preliminares muestran un nivel de detección 100 veces mayor. A pesar de la alta dilución de la muestra de semen que reduce notoriamente la posibilidad de detección del PCR, esta prueba permitió la detección del virus en muestras de campo procedentes de un brote de enfermedad compatible con RIB. La prueba de PCR para la detección del HVB-1 en semen podría tener su mayor impacto en el control de calidad de programas de congelación de semen, inseminación artificial y transferencia de embriones; adicionalmente podría ser de utilidad para definir el verdadero impacto de esta vía de transmisión          Summary BHV-1 can be found in semen from seropositive animals, but the frequency of excretion and the impact of this route for the dissemination of the infection have not been established. In order to improve the sensibility of detection of the virus in semen, we attempted to standardize a PCR. As previously reported by others investigators we found that semen contains PCR inhibitory factors that makes it necessary to dilute the samples up to 1:6000 or more to obtain DNA amplification. With the purpose of increasing the sensibility of the assay, the amplified PCR product was detected by southern blot with an oligonucleotide probe internal to the amplified fragment, Preliminary assays showed a 100 fold increase in the sensibility with this strategy. Despite the high dilution of the semen sample, we could detected the virus in samples collected from bulls from herds with symptoms compatible with Infectious Bovine Rinotracheitis (IBR). This PCR could be used in quality control of specimens used in programs of artificial insemination and embryo transfer. In addition, it could be of used for the determination of the biological implications of this route of virological excretion.
Caracterización espermática del ganado Blanco Orejinegro (BON) y Cebú Brahman para la producción de embriones bovinos in vitro (IVP)
Authors: Rccp RCCP
Published: August 2024

Proyecto de investigación. Ver Autores en el PDF
Análisis y caracterización de la mortalidad en lactancia en ganado cebú comercial y BON x Cebú en la Hacienda La Candelaria (Caucasia, Antioquia)
Authors: Madrigal O , Valencia L , Vásquez M , Maldonado J G
Published: August 2024

Resumen Para caracterizar las causas de mortalidad durante la lactancia en la Hacienda La Candelaria de la Universidad de Antioquia y comparar el comportamiento entre ganado BON x cebú (BxC) y cebú comercial (CCO), se realizó un estudio retrospectivo con base en el análisis de los registros desde 1990 hasta 1997. De un total de 475 nacimientos la mortalidad ponderada fue significativamente menor (p < 0.05) en becerros BxC (5.4%) que en becerros CCO (19.6%), con un promedio de 240 días de lactancia. Las causas y edad promedio de la mortalidad detectadas incluyeron: debilidad de la cría, 25.4% (8.9 días); accidente, 15.5% (27.8 días); mortinatos, 15.5% (0.5 días); desnutrición, 11.3% (16.9 días); infecciones, 9.9% (15.3 días); y causa desconocida, 17% (18.1 días). No se encontró efecto del sexo en la mortalidad (p > 0.05). Los resultados sugieren que un alto porcentaje de las causas de muerte podrían asociarse con fallas en el manejo de la cría durante el periparto; causas de mortalidad clasificadas en los grupos de infecciones, debilidad, desconocidas y nutrición, podrían tener alguna relación con eventos de onfalitis. Los resultados demuestran además una notoria reducción de la mortalidad en lactancia en el cruce BxC y se podrían interpretar como un indicador de la rusticidad y adaptación del ganado BON. Estudios adicionales enfocados a caracterizar la respuesta inmune de las vacas y sus crías servirán para someter a prueba esta posibilidad.Palabras clave: mortalidad, predestete, Boss indicus, bovinos. Summary In order to characterize the causes of calving to weaning mortality and to compare BON x Zebu (BxC) and Commercial Zebu (CCO) performance during the lactation period in the Hacienda La Candelaria of the University of Antioquia, a 1990 to 1997 record-based retrospective study was performed. From a total number of 475 calving pondered mortality was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in BxC (5.4%) than CCO (19.6%) calves, on a 240 days average of lactation. Causes and average age of detected mortality included: calf weakness, 25.4% (8.9 days); accident, 15.5% (27.8 days); stillbirths, 15.5% (0.5 days); undernourishment, 11.3% (16.9 days); infections, 9.9% (15.3 days); and unknown causes, 17% (18.1 days). No association was found between sex and mortality (p > 0.05). These results suggest that a high percentage of mortality could be related to an inadequate management during the neonatal period. Causes of mortality classified as infections, weakness, undernourishment and unknown could be associated to omphalitis. In addition the results show a reduced mortality of BxC crossbred during the lactation and could be argued as a reflection of the rusticity and fitness of BON cattle. Further studies, focused on the characterization of the immune response of cows and calves, should serve to evaluate this possibility. Key words: preweaning mortality, Boss indicus, bovine.
Evaluación de los Microorganismos eficaces (E.M) en producción de abono orgánico a partir del estiércol de aves de jaula
Authors: Uribe José F. , Estrada P. Mónica M. , Córdoba Santiago , Hernández Luis E. , Bedoya Diana M.
Published: August 2024

Resumen En este estudio se evaluó el proceso de compostaje de gallinaza de aves de jaula y el efecto de los Microorganismos Eficaces (EM) sobre la composición física y química del compost.  La metodología empleada considera un proceso aeróbico mediante la remoción del material mecánicamente, se tomaron muestras semanales para mediciones de humedad y pH, al final del proceso se realizaron análisis químico para determinar la calidad del producto.  Se trabajó bajo un diseño irrestrictamente al azar (DIA) con un grupo testigo y dos tratamientos con cinco réplicas para cada uno, mezcla de gallinaza + aserrín más microorganismos eficaces una sola vez y mezcla de gallinaza +aserrín en proporción 1 :1+E M.  El proceso de compostación se produjo de la segunda a la cuarta semana y el secado de la quinta a la sexta semana para todos los tratamientos; sin embargo la mezcla de la gallinaza con EM, presentó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p < 0.05) con respecto a la formulación de gallinaza, aserrín y EM en pH, mostrando un descenso más rápido, por debajo de 8.5, lo cual indica una aceleración en el proceso de estabilización del compost.  Las pruebas físico-químicas realizadas al final muestran mayores valores de Nitrógeno y Potasio para la mezcla de gallinaza con EM.  Los valores en la relación Carbono/Nitrógeno y en la Capacidad de Intercambio catiónico, fueron adecuados para este tipo de compostajes en los tres tratamientos. Palabras clave: abonos orgánicos, compost, compostaje, estiércol, gallinaza. Summary An evaluation of the transformation process of caged hens' dung into organic fertilizer, was carried out in this study in order to recognize the performance of efficient microorganisms (EM) upon the physical and chemical composition of the compost. The used methodology considers an aerobic process by means of mechanical removal of the material, weekly samples were taken for humidity and pH measurements, at the end of the process analysis to determine the products quality were done. The work was done under a random unrestricted design (RUD) with a control group and two treatments, five replicas for each one. According to the results the process of compost formation was produced between the second and fourth week and the drying from the fifth to the sixth week for al¡ the treatments. The mixture of the manure and the EM however, showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in pH with regard to the other treatments, showing a faster descent (below 8.5), which indicates the positive effect in the acceleration of the compost stabilization process with the addition of EM. The physical and chemical tests carried out at the end show greater values of nitrogen and potassium for the mixture of hens' dung and EM. Key words: bio process, compostage, compost, hens' dung.
El silvopastoreo: una alternativa de producción que disminuye el impacto ambiental de la ganadería bovina
Authors: Mahecha Liliana
Published: August 2024

Resumen El Silvopastoreo es un sistema de producción pecuaria en donde las leñosas perennes (árboles y/o arbustos) interactúan con los componentes tradicionales (forrajeras herbáceas y animales) bajo un sistema de manejo integral, ha sido planteado con base en resultados investigativos, como una alternativa de producción sostenible  que permite reducir el impacto ambiental de los sistemas tradicionales de producción. Palabras clave: árboles, arbustos, ganadería bovina, impacto ambiental, sistemas silvopastoriles. Summary The Cattle production in Colombia must face the change of being efficient and competitive for the new economic scheme of the market. This efficient has to be considered in a non tradicional way, for example with silvopastoral systems, where shrubs and trees are together with the traditional components which are grass and animals. Those systems have been considered as an alternative to the sostenible production of the livestock in the tropic because They  reduce the environmental impact compared with  the traditional systems.  Key words: environmental impact, livestock, shrubs, silvopastoral systems, trees.
Efecto de la utilización de un suplemento nutricional hidratado en pollos de engorde recién nacidos
Authors: Cuervo Marcela , Gómez Claudia , Romero Hugo
Published: August 2024

Resumen El objetivo de este experimento fue evaluar el efecto de un suplemento nutricional hidratado (SNH) sobre el desarrollo de los órganos de oferta y demanda en pollos de engorde sometidos a diferentes tiempos (20, 24 y 48 horas) de privación del acceso al alimento comercial, inmediatamente después del nacimiento. El grupo control no recibió el SNH y tuvo acceso al alimento 20 horas después de nacido. Las constantes de crecimiento alométrico (CA) de los órganos de oferta mostraron que estos crecieron rápidamente durante los primeros ocho días de vida, siendo fundamentales para soportar el crecimiento posterior. El grupo control evidenció un retardo en desarrollo del sistema digestivo, como lo indica la menor constante de CA y la menor densidad (mg/cm) al día 21 de edad (P < 0.05), limitando la capacidad para utilizar nutrientes dietarios y resultando en una reducción del peso corporal al final del experimento. Los datos indican que la utilización de un SNH favorece la utilización de los nutrientes del saco vitelino acelerando su reabsorción. Palabras claves: constante alométrica, crecimiento, nutrición temprana, tracto gastrointestinal. Summary The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of an hydrated nutritional supplement (HNS) on the development of supply and demand organs in broiler chickens under different times (20, 24 and 48 hours) of food deprivation after hatch. Control hatchlings do not receive HNS and was feeding after 20 hours of age. Allometric growth constants of supply organs showed fast development in the first week of age, being essential to support posterior growing. Control group showed low development of gastrointestinal tract, as indicated allometric constant and density (mg/cm) at 21 days of age (p < 0.05), limitating the capability to use dietary nutrients and resulting in lower body weight at final age. Data indicate that HNS improve use and absorption of yolk sac´s nutrients.  Key words: allometric constant, early nutrition, gastrointestinal tract, growth.
Planning Goal-Directed Activities by an Autonomous Robot Based on Contradictory Information under Conditions of Uncertainty
Authors: Melekhin V. B. , Khachumov M. V.
Published: August 2024

The expediency of forming and storing in the knowledge representation model of an autonomous robot contradictory information about the laws of transformation of various situations in a problem environment (PE) that occur as a result of the actions performed by the robot is substantiated. This need is due to the fact that a priori it is not possible in practice to construct and assign to an autonomous robot a detailed formal description of a model of a problem environment. The robot is actually forced to function in a priori underdetermined problem environments. This, in turn, leads to the fact that under identical conditions, according to a given model of the problem environment, but taking into account its actual characteristics, various actions performed by the robot can lead to the required result to achieve a given goal. Consequently, in real operating conditions, an autonomous robot may encounter the emergence of "contradictory" information when, under identical conditions, according to a given PS model, a formed plan of goal-directed activity, which was previously effective, requires significant adjustments to achieve a given goal. Such an adjustment to the formed behavior plan is usually associated with the robot studying the patterns of purposeful transformation of situations in the actual problem environment and replenishing procedural knowledge. Thus, the use of contradictory data associated with the incompleteness of a priori specified knowledge provides an autonomous robot with the opportunity to expand information about the patterns of an a priori underdetermined problem environment and, on this basis, increase functionality. To solve this problem, the article proposes a structure of typical elements for representing "contradictory" knowledge, including various elementary acts of behavior, the development of which allows an autonomous robot to obtain a given result by performing various actions in similar operating conditions, taking into account their individual characteristics that are not reflected in the model describing the current problematic environment situations. Cognitive tools have been developed to provide an autonomous robot with the ability to organize an effective combination of procedures for planning goal-directed behavior based on a given model of knowledge representation and self-learning procedures in a priori underdetermined conditions of an unstable problem environment. In general, the considered cognitive tools for planning the expedient activity of an autonomous robot allow to expand its functionality and adapt on this basis to complex a priori underdetermined operating conditions.
Synergetic Synthesis of an Amphibious Aircraft Autopilot for the Problem of Steady-State Planing under Conditions of Wind-Wave Disturbances
Authors: Veselov G. Е. , Popov I. A.
Published: August 2024

The work examines the problem of controlling an amphibious aircraft (AA) in steady-state planing mode under the influence of wind-wave disturbances. An analysis of modern approaches and methods for the synthesis of aircraft control systems was carried out. A brief overview of existing scientific works devoted to the control of AA in various modes of movement is presented. The necessity of developing an autopilot to control the longitudinal movement of an AA is substantiated. A review is made of the characteristics of the state of the water surface and their influence on the operation of an AA on water. An analysis of the influence of external disturbances on the planing stability of AA is presented, on the basis of which the use of the integral adaptation method on invariant manifolds is justified for the synthesis procedure of a vector nonlinear controller of the control system of an AA in planing mode under the influence of wind-wave disturbances. The approach uses the synergetic principle of "expansion-compression" of the phase space, on the basis of which an extended model of synergetic synthesis is first constructed, taking into account estimates of the action of disturbing influences, and then, when applying the synthesis procedure, a phased compression of the phase space is carried out by introducing invariant manifolds, at the intersection of which the fulfillment of a given technological task is guaranteed, and invariance to the action of wind-wave disturbances is also ensured. The results of the study are confirmed by computer modeling of a synthesized closed-loop control system for the aircraft; in particular, it is shown that the closed-loop system guarantees the maintenance of the required flight speed and altitude, as well as maintaining the trim angle in the required range of values.
O direito à água e as favelas
Authors: Tostes Eduardo Chow De Martino
Published: August 2024

Esta pesquisa busca analisar o direito de acesso à água potável aos moradores de favelas do Rio de Janeiro em tempos de privatização do saneamento básico, à luz do cotejo necessário deste direito com o recorte das classes sociais e espaciais da cidade. Compreendido como um direito humano, pretende-se buscar explicações e compreensões criticáveis das diversas fontes de grave violação a  este  direito.  Partindo  da noção de direito  como  linguagem,  busca-se compreender a forma como a construção do direito à água  é  compreendido  diferentemente nos diferentes espaços da cidade. Através do método genealógico, com a utilização de ferramentas metodológicas baseadas em análise de casos concretos do Rio de Janeiro, além da pesquisa bibliográfica; ao final, o presente estudo buscará refletir sobre a revelação da lente hoje posta para os merecedores deste restrito direito de acesso à água antes e pós concessão do saneamento básico no Estado. Considerações de uma política pública não baseada em critérios excludentes, articulação entre os atores da justiça com a Universidade, à luz do empoderamento dos concernidos, tensionando adequadamente o poder público para caminhar em direção à dignidade de todas as pessoas, independentemente de onde moram, é um objetivo que se propõe a discutir nesta pesquisa.
MODEL OF IMPLEMENTATION OF MANAGEMENT OF ACCESS TO INFORMATION ASSETS IN THE CONCEPT OF ZERO TRUST
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Khoroshko Volodymyr , Brailovsky Mykola ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Parkhomenko Ivan ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kyrychuk Taras ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: August 2024

Background. Controlling access to information assets is one of the key functions of information security. This task in one form or another must be solved both as a whole at the level of the entire information technology (IT) infrastructure of a company or organization, and in each local information system. Methods. Methods on existing approaches, the article develops a model for providing access to information assets, which allows implementing access control processes in a distributed IT infrastructure. A special feature of the model is an algorithm for dynamically determining the necessary security policies, taking into account the access of users with different privileges. Results. The model takes into account remote access at several conventional "levels" – access of the organization's clients, organization employees, as well as partners and contractors. Since modern information infrastructures of organizations have become complex and distributed, the model assumes the presence of a significant number of access points, including automated workstations in the infrastructure, remote automated workstations, various user and mobile access devices, as well as specific devices, such as effective access control should ensure centralized access of all users to information assets. Conclusions. The model provides for the implementation of a single access point, built on the basis of access models from the zero trust concept, for users and for "robots" – technical accounts used for inter-system interaction. The results of the study will make it possible to develop an architecture for remote user access to distributed information assets and organize access control and management processes based on dynamic determination of the level of trust in access subjects, which generally increases the security of organizations.
BENEFITS AND DANGERS OF USING CHATGPT
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Nakonechnyi Volodymyr , Saiko Volodymyr ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Mordvyntsev Mykola ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Lutsenko Vladyslav ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: August 2024

Background. This article presents ChatGPT - a new chatbot, one of the latest products in the field of artificial intelligence, created by OpenAI, which developed this technology together with Elon Musk. The article provides recommendations for connecting to a chatbot. The main advantages of artificial intelligence are defined, and examples of its application are given. Current educational processes should develop a cross-disciplinary and practice-oriented approach in the student. Results. It is shown that among the main advantages of ChatGPT is the ability to generate texts on a given topic, to answer almost all user questions, and to express oneself even in Ukrainian. Specific examples of chatbot questions related, in particular, to information protection, risk management, etc., are given. Demonstrated responses from his side. Focused on the dangers of using a new chatbot. It is shown that possible plagiarism, compatibility issues, malicious use, privacy issues, copyright infringement issues, and problems of using ChatGPT in the educational system occupy a special place among the identified dangers. It is emphasized that the education system is currently experiencing a significant crisis and that the process of obtaining knowledge is adequate to the challenges of today, it is necessary to radically revise the approach to what the current teacher and the educational process itself should be. It is noted that Ukraine needs a fundamental transformation of the very essence of the education system. Now the main task of the teacher is to give the student himself the opportunity to take the initiative in learning, to effectively use the information received, to combine it and to apply the received result in solving his task. A successful student must learn to solve complex tasks that are at the junction of various subjects and disciplines. Conclusions. So, ChatGPT is a powerful tool, but today it has some drawbacks that should be considered if you plan to use it.
Ansiedad en una muestra de la población adulta en la postpandemia, Paraguay 2023
Authors: Aveiro Liz , Cruz-Jaquet Juan , Fretes Sol , Recalde Blanca , Aquino Yannina , Vázquez-Alcaraz Juan José , Servín Enrique
Published: August 2024

La ansiedad hace referencia a un temor o preocupación desproporcionados ante el estímulo que lo genera, es una condición que afecta la calidad de vida de las personas y es altamente prevalente en la población. Esta investigación se centró en determinar la frecuencia de la ansiedad en una muestra de la población adulta en Paraguay, en el año 2023. El diseño del estudio fue cuantitativo, descriptivo, de corte transversal, aplicado a 225 personas, entre los meses de marzo a junio del año 2023, mediante un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, donde se utilizó un cuestionario digital con variables sociodemográficas y el instrumento GAD-7 de ansiedad. Los resultados principales fueron: edad promedio de los participantes 24 años ± 9; el 55.1% provienen de Asunción, 32.9% Central y 12% para el interior del país; 52.4% fueron mujeres. 25.8% padece enfermedades crónicas y 17.8% refirió padecer enfermedad mental. En cuanto a los niveles generales, el 76% puntuó en alguna forma de ansiedad y 40% en sospecha de trastorno de Ansiedad General. Se encontró asociación significativa entre tener hijos, contar con trabajo, los ingresos económicos y la sospecha de trastorno de ansiedad general. Se concluye que la ansiedad se encuentra altamente presente en la población investigada, y se relaciona con factores sociodemográficos.
Motivación y su incidencia en la productividad de los cajeros de Plaza Vea El Cortijo 2022
Authors: Avendaño-Capcha Fiorella Alicia , Napán Ana Cecilia
Published: August 2024

El objetivo de la investigación consideró analizar si la motivación incide en la productividad de los cajeros de Plaza Vea El Cortijo - Barranco 2022. En cuanto a la metodología, se empleó el diseño no experimental, de enfoque cuantitativo, con alcance explicativo- causal. La muestra tipo censal, conformada por 50 cajeros de Plaza Vea El Cortijo. Con respecto a la recopilación de datos se dispuso como técnica la encuesta y el cuestionario como instrumento, el cual contó de 19 ítems. En cuanto al tratamiento de datos en referencia al entorno inferencial se aplicó la regresión lineal para calcular si el modelo es adecuado y tiene capacidad predictiva. Para la hipótesis general el R2 hallada fue de (0, 688) indicando que la incidencia es moderada, concluyendo que la motivación incide significativamente en la productividad, destacando que la comunicación, el reconocimiento y las condiciones laborales juega un rol crucial en la motivación de los cajeros de la entidad investigada y que a su vez esta condición repercute significativamente en la productividad en metas, establecida por la tienda.
Relación entre rasgos de personalidad y niveles de resiliencia en colaboradores de una empresa privada de Asunción
Authors: González-Galeano María Fernanda
Published: August 2024

El presente estudio no experimental, correlacional y de corte transversal, tuvo por objetivo investigar la relación entre los rasgos de personalidad y los niveles de resiliencia en colaboradores de una empresa privada de Asunción. Se administró el Inventario de Personalidad - Eysenck forma B, para adultos (EPI) y la Escala de Resiliencia de Wagnild y Young (RS) a una muestra intencionada de 48 participantes, en donde predominó la franja etaria de 40 años en adelante (f= 21; %= 43.8) y estuvo compuesta por un total 23 hombres (%= 47,9) y 25 mujeres (%= 52.1). Los resultados señalan que el nivel de Satisfacción personal aumenta conforme aumenta el grado de extroversión (r= .182), mientras que, a mayor nivel de satisfacción personal, menor era el grado de inestabilidad (r= -.12). Por otra parte, cuanto mayor era Ecuanimidad, mayor era el grado de extroversión (r= .220) en detrimento del nivel de inestabilidad (r= -.024). Por otra parte, cuanto mayor era la capacidad de Sentirse bien solo, aumentaba también el grado de extroversión (r= .046), en detrimento del nivel de inestabilidad (r= -.19). También se apreció que quienes contaban con mayor Confianza en sí mismo eran más extrovertidos (r= .158) y menos inestables (r= -.155). Finalmente, el nivel de Perseverancia de los participantes decrecía conforme aumentaban los grados de extroversión (r= -.032) e inestabilidad (r= -.255).
The Role of Polymer Blends in Enhancing the Properties of Recycled Rubber
Authors: Ying Deng , Pasam Prasanna , Addimulam Srinivas , Natakam Vineel Mouli
Published: August 2024

This research investigates the impact of polymer blends on strengthening the characteristics of recycled rubber, with a specific emphasis on enhancing mechanical strength, thermal stability, processability, and durability. The main goals are to assess the influence of different polymer blends on recycled rubber's performance and determine the advantages and drawbacks of these improvements. The study used a secondary data review process to evaluate enhancements in performance indicators such as tensile strength, elasticity, and heat resistance by analyzing previous research and case studies. The main discoveries indicate that combining polymers dramatically enhances mechanical characteristics, heat tolerance, and processing effectiveness, resulting in improved longevity and broader possibilities for using recycled rubber. Higher production costs and quality must be addressed. Environmental issues surround polymer additives. Policy implications include research and development, cost-effective and sustainable polymer production incentives, and regulatory frameworks to standardize processes and ensure environmental safety. Polymer mixing improves performance and sustainability, according to a study. These issues must be addressed by supporting legislation and encouraging the innovative use of recycled rubber.
Microbial challenges and solutions in root canal therapy
Authors: Ajmi Norah Fahad Al , Alshenaifi May Khalid , Binsalem Mada Mohammed , Alahmary Khalid Abdullah , Shahrani Noha Abdullah Al , Alasim Abdulrahman Mohammed , Alotaibi Fahad Rashed , Ali Abdulwahab Saleh , Attar Sameeh Mansour , Shahrani Nourah Mobarek Al
Published: August 2024

Root canal therapy (RCT) faces significant challenges due to microbial invasion and biofilm formation within the root canal system. The intricate anatomy of root canals, including isthmuses, lateral canals, and apical deltas, provides a conducive environment for pathogenic microorganisms, complicating effective disinfection. Key pathogens such as Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans are highly resilient, capable of forming biofilms that protect them from antimicrobial agents and host defences. Current antimicrobial strategies in endodontics combine mechanical instrumentation with chemical disinfection. Mechanical debridement, though essential, often falls short of thoroughly cleaning the complex root canal anatomy. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), the gold standard irrigant, exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties but struggles to penetrate biofilms and dentinal tubules fully. Adjunctive solutions like chlorhexidine (CHX) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) enhance the antimicrobial efficacy of NaOCl by providing prolonged action and removing the smear layer, respectively. Intracanal medicaments, such as calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), are utilized to maintain antimicrobial activity between treatment sessions. Despite its high pH and effectiveness against a wide range of bacteria, Ca(OH)2 shows limited efficacy against biofilm-forming bacteria like Enterococcus faecalis. Innovations in irrigation techniques, such as passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and laser-activated irrigation (LAI), have improved the delivery and activation of irrigants, enhancing their ability to disrupt biofilms and penetrate the root canal system. Nanoparticle-based irrigants and medicaments represent a promising advancement in endodontic disinfection. Their small size and large surface area allow for better penetration and interaction with bacterial cells, significantly reducing bacterial load in the root canal system. Combining traditional and advanced antimicrobial strategies is essential for overcoming the limitations of current methods and improving the success rates of endodontic therapy. Understanding the mechanisms of microbial invasion and biofilm formation, along with integrating emerging technologies, can lead to more effective disinfection protocols. This approach aims to enhance treatment outcomes and ultimately ensure the longevity of endodontically treated teeth.
Efficacy and safety of tablet Ligashot in patients with ligament injury of knee and shoulder
Authors: Deb Bijoy , Gobaloussamy Bhuvanesh , Murugesan Sakthibalan , Sivakumar Gayathri
Published: August 2024

Background: Ligament injuries of knee and shoulder disrupts joint homeostasis and leads to an imbalance between joint mobility and stability. Many drugs are available in the market for treating ligament injury grade 1 and 2 along with standard of care but there is still need for drugs with least adverse effects. So, in this study, an attempt has been done with tablet Ligashot, a nutraceutical for treating grade 1 and 2 ligament injury of knee and shoulder.
Methods: This is an outcome, quasi-experimental study where patients with ligament injury of knee and shoulder were given tablet Ligashot daily for 3 months. A total of 30 male and female patients were included in the study. Changes from baseline to 12 weeks in pain intensity measured by pain visual analogue scale (VAS) and inflammatory markers (ESR, Hs CRP), MRI changes, time to return to pre-injury level of activity, patient reported physical function and quality of life (QoL) were assessed.
Results: There was a statistically significant improvement after 12 weeks of treatment compared to baseline in VAS pain scale, time to return to pre-injury level of activity, patient reported physical function and in QoL questionnaire. There was also a statistically significant reduction in inflammatory markers-ESR and Hs-CRP (p<0.001).
Conclusions: Ligashot tablet has proved to be safe and effective in the management of ligament injury of knee, shoulder joint by reducing inflammation, pain. It also improves visco-elasticity and participant's functional capacity without causing any major side effects.
Dupilumab as a treatment for a case of benign familial pemphigus
Authors: Machynia Kyle T.
Published: August 2024

Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD) is an uncommon autosomal dominant genodermatosis characterized by recurrent blistering eruptions primarily affecting intertriginous areas, leading to the formation of eroded, erythematous plaques within flexural skin folds. The condition significantly impairs quality of life due to the frequency of infections, exacerbated by the limited and often ineffective therapeutic options currently available for HHD. In this report, we present a compelling case of HHD successfully treated with dupilumab, highlighting remarkable improvement observed within just two weeks of initiating treatment with this novel therapeutic agent. This promising outcome underscores the potential of dupilumab in managing challenging cases of HHD and warrants further exploration in larger clinical trials.
Development trends and problems of Polish arms industry in 2022-2024
Authors: Pavlova Maria
Published: August 2024

The article examines the main problems of the development of the Polish military-industrial complex. The text focuses on the changes in the structure and organization of the management of the military-industrial complex, issues of its financing within the framework of the program for the modernization of the Polish armed forces, the role of the Polish military-industrial complex in the EU.
ALGUNAS NOVEDADES EN ASTERACEAS DE COLOMBIA
Authors: Díaz-Piedrahita Santiago , Méndez-Ramírez Gina Paola
Published: August 2024

Se proponen e ilustran cuatro nuevas especies de asteráceas, dos pertenecientes a la tribu Senecioneae [Pentacalia (Pentacalia) guambiana y Pentacalia (Microchaete) fimbriifera] y dos pertenecientes a la tribu Astereae (Diplostephium_ fernandez-alonsoi y D. perijaense). Igualmente se establecen una nueva combinación y un sinónimo en el género Oyedaea (Heliantheae).
ENRIQUE HUBACH (1896-1968) Y LA GEOLOGIA COLOMBIANA
Authors: De la Espriella Ricardo , Espinosa Baquero Armando
Published: August 2024

Se presenta una síntesis biográfica del notable geólogo chileno Enrique Hubach, destacando sus aportes al desarrollo de esta disciplina en Colombia, como integrante de la Comisión Científica Nacional y del Servicio Geológico Nacional. Se publica una detallada relación de sus publicaciones.
Modulación metabólica a temperaturas crecientes: un enfoque ontogenético en la rana tropical de alta montaña Dendropsophus molitor (Hylidae)
Authors: Poveda Cantini Juliana , Cristancho Mejía Edgar
Published: August 2024

Se ha previsto que en los ambientes tropicales de alta montaña aumentarán los extremos térmicos en los próximos años debido a los efectos del cambio climático. En este escenario, las especies endémicas de distribución limitada pueden presentar afectaciones poblacionales, principalmente debido a las altas temperaturas, por lo que resulta importante conocer las respuestas fisiológicas de estos organismos frente a tales condiciones ambientales. Por ello, en el presente estudio nos propusimos estimar el efecto de la temperatura sobre la respiración en la rana de alta montaña Dendropsophus molitor, determinando el consumo de oxígeno (V̇O 2) a temperaturas crecientes (18 a 28° C) en larvas en estadios de desarrollo de Gosner 31–40, en juveniles en estadio de Gosner 43–45 y en adultos. En las larvas se midió el V̇O 2 mediante una sonda de oxígeno disuelto (OD), en tanto que en los juveniles y adultos se utilizó un sensor de oxígeno gaseoso dotado de una cámara cerrada. Los individuos en estadios juveniles de la metamorfosis y los adultos presentaron un aumento del V̇O2 en función de la temperatura, en tanto que en los estadios larvales el V̇O2 presentó una tendencia monotónica frente al tratamiento térmico evaluado, con un aumento de 18 a 23 °C y una disminución de 23 % entre los 23 y los 28 °C. Esto sugiere una vulnerabilidad en la función respiratoria de las larvas de esta especie frente a las temperaturas elevadas, lo que indicaría que esta es la fase del desarrollo más sensible en un escenario de calentamiento global.
El internet de las cosas y la industria 4.0- Aplicaciones en el campo de la ingeniería industrial
Authors: Román-Salinas Reina Verónica , Díaz-Martínez Marco Antonio , Ruíz-Hernández Santos , Cervantes-Zubirías Gabriela , Morales-Rodríguez Mario Alberto
Published: August 2024

Esta investigación tiene por objetivo realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura para conocer las aplicaciones del Internet de las cosas y la industria 4.0 en la ingeniería industrial. Se hizo una revisión de la literatura en artículos científicos, obtenidos de bases de datos de EBSCO Essential, MDPI, ScienceDirect incluyendo IEEE Xplore. A partir de esta revisión se puede conocer la importancia del internet de las cosas asociada a la industria 4.0 y su relación con la ingeniería industrial. El presente articulo recopila diferentes aportes científicos en campos como machine learning, robótica, manufactura, simulación, etc., para describir la relevancia y hallazgos en el campo de la ingeniería industrial.
Una nueva solución para la distribución de recursos basada en niveles y asignación de incentivos
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Rodríguez Esparza Luz Judith , Macías Ponce Julio César ,   Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes,, Kú Carrillo Roberto Alejandro ,   Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes,
Published: August 2024

Objetivo: este trabajo tiene como objetivo proponer una alternativa de reparto de incentivos por niveles. Metodología: el reparto por niveles se obtiene mediante una regresión lineal simple entre el reparto de incentivos asignado a cada agente y el monto demandado, con base en su nivel en la estructura de escalafón. Resultados: la solución propuesta logra repartir exactamente el recurso disponible entre todos los agentes, presentando una implementación sencilla y práctica. Se incluyen tres ejemplos que ilustran la aplicación de este nuevo método, destacando las diferencias con respecto al reparto usual y al proporcional. Limitaciones: la regresión lineal simple utilizada asume una relación lineal entre el nivel de escalafón y los incentivos, lo cual puede no reflejar la complejidad de algunas estructuras organizacionales. Originalidad: la solución de reparto desarrollada en este trabajo ofrece una interpretación en términos de desempeños individuales, lo que amplía su aplicabilidad a diversas áreas. Conclusiones: nuestra propuesta de reparto actúa como un mediador entre los repartos usual y proporcional. Se observa que el reparto usual favorece a los niveles de menor desempeño, mientras que el proporcional beneficia a los niveles más altos.
Mitochondrial Pathogenic Mutations and Expression Pattern of Oxidative Phosphorylation Genes in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Nia Milad Shokuhi , Kordi-Tamandani Dor Mohammad , Momeni Mohammad Kazem , Bameri Zakaria
Published: August 2024

Mitochondrial missense mutations and pathogenic variants have been implicated in the pathogenesis of COVID‐19. This study evaluated the role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations and changes in gene expression in the progression of COVID-19 and their correlation with clinical characteristics.
Next‐generation sequencing with high throughput was used to identify mtDNA mutations in 30 COVID-19 patients compared to 20 healthy controls. The potential impact of identified mutations on protein structure and stability was predicted using bioinformatic tools. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was employed to assess the expression levels of mtDNA-encoded genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation in COVID-19 patients and healthy controls. Correlations between gene expression levels, clinical parameters, including leukocyte, lymphocyte, neutrophil, and platelet count, as well as creatinine, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, and disease severity were analyzed.
We found 8 different mtDNA mutations in ND1, ND5, CO3, ATP6, and CYB genes, which were predicted to alter amino acids and decrease protein stability. Two missense unique mutations, C9555T in CO3 and A12418T in ND5 were identified and correlated with Complexes I and IV, respectively. This downregulation was correlated with age, elevated levels of leukocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, platelets, creatinine, ALT, AST, and BUN, as well as disease severity.
These findings suggest that mtDNA mutations and altered expression of oxidative phosphorylation genes contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction in COVID-19. Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for COVID-19 treatment.
Efficacy of Single-port Thoracoscopic Resection of Benign Lung Tumors and Its Impacts on Respiratory Function and Inflammatory Factors: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Wang Qiang , Deng Mao , Wang Bo
Published: August 2024

Peripheral benign lung tumors are often asymptomatic and incidentally detected on chest radiographs. Surgical intervention is recommended when feasible. Single-port thoracoscopic resection has emerged as a promising technique for treating various chest diseases, including lung tumors. This study aimed to assess the clinical efficacy of single-port thoracoscopic resection for benign lung tumors and its impact on respiratory function and inflammatory factors.
A total of 128 eligible patients diagnosed with benign lung tumors were randomly assigned to either the observation group (undergoing single-port thoracoscopic resection) or the control group (undergoing conventional thoracic surgery). Surgical outcomes, complications, pulmonary and respiratory function, and inflammatory factors were compared between the two groups.
The observation group showed significantly lower intraoperative bleeding, shorter hospitalization time, and lower complication rates compared to the control group. Patients in the observation group exhibited higher vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), and total lung capacity (TLC) levels at 1/2 week and 1 month after surgery. Additionally, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and maximum ventilation volume per minute (MVV) levels were higher in the observation group post-surgery, with a lower Borg score. Levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), precalcitonin (PCT), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) were lower in the observation group post-surgery.
Single-port thoracoscopic resection demonstrates favorable clinical efficacy for treating benign lung tumors, reducing bleeding, and shortening hospital stays. Furthermore, it improves lung and respiratory function while reducing inflammatory factors. This technique is safe, effective, and holds promise for wider application in managing benign lung tumors.
Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of an Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Candidate in in a Murine Model
Authors: Imani Danyal , Bahadori Tannaz , Judaki Mohammad Ali , Mobini Maryam , Jeddi-Tehrani Mahmood , Amiri Mohammad Mehdi , Shokri Fazel
Published: August 2024

Acellular pertussis vaccines (aPVs) have been developed as an alternative to whole-cell pertussis vaccines (wPVs) because of their similar efficacy but reduced reactogenicity. The aPV contains 3 or more immunogenic components of Bordetella pertussis. We aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity and protective potency of an aPV vaccine produced in our laboratory consisting of pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), and pertactin (PRN) in mice.
The aPV components were produced and purified from the supernatant and pellet of the bacterial culture. Two doses of the formulated vaccine, in parallel with two commercial vaccines, were administered intraperitoneally to mice at 3-week intervals. Antibody titers against aPV antigens were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after primary and booster vaccinations. To assess the protective efficacy, an intranasal challenge with a live pathogenic B pertussis strain was conducted 2 weeks after the booster vaccination, and bacterial counts (colony-forming units [CFUs]) in the lungs were determined 2 hours and 10 days after the challenge.
The results demonstrated a significant increase in antibody titers against all pertussis antigens in the serum of the vaccinated groups compared with the negative control group, following both the primary and booster doses. No significant differences were observed between our formulation and the commercial vaccines. Furthermore, the CFU results after the challenge showed complete eradication of infection 10 days after the challenge in all immunized groups, in contrast to the control group.
Our aPV formulation, the first aPV candidate developed in Iran, exhibits immunogenicity and protective efficacy comparable to those of commercial vaccines. Further investigation of human subjects is warranted.