bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
POPULATION DYNAMIC OF APHIDS AND THRIPS ON CERTAIN BREAD WHEAT CULTIVARS IN RELATION TO YIELD, GENOTYPIC PREFERENCE AND FACTORS REGULATING THEIR FLUCTUATION UNDER DROUGHT AND IRRIGATION CONDITIONS
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed Mahmoud Mohamed , Radi Abeer Ahmed Farag Mahmoud , Solorio Sánchez Francisco Javier
Published: May 2023

The study was conducted during (2015/2016 and 2016/2017) on bread wheat cultivars: Sahel1, Seds4, Gemaza9, Giza168, and Misr2 in Plant Protec. Dept. farm, Fac. of Agric., Assiut Univ., Assiut, Egypt to determine the separate effect of some abiotic and biotic factors on the population dynamics of aphid species: Mayzus persicae; Brivecoryne brassicae; Rhopalosiphum padi, and onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman under drought and irrigation conditions. The considered abiotic factors: plant age, chlorophyll AB; climatic factors: Daily Maximum Temperature (DMxT), Daily Minimum Temperature (DMnT), Soil Daily Maximum Temperature (SMxT) and Soil Minimum Temperature (SMnT) at 3 to 5 cm depth from soil surface, beside the biotic factors which presented in natural enemies (N.E.) to clarify which cultivar is suitable to be planted under drought or irrigation conditions under free insecticides use for both pests with references to cultivars yields. The infestations of both pests started in February during 1st season and January for 2nd season in all replicates with a high mean numbers of pests on cultivars under irrigation conditions than drought conditions. The peaks of aphids recorded from the middle of the 2nd month to the 3rd month; and thrips in the 2nd month to the half of 3rd month from sampling date under both conditions. The most important factors regulated the fluctuation of pests under drought conditions were arranged according to their efficiency as (DMnT= 26.70), (DMxT= 16.91), and (N.E= 16.40); respectively out of (66.50 %). Under irrigation conditions, fluctuations were determined by the efficiency of (N.E.= 38.17), (Chlorophyll AB= 14.97), and plant age (9.96); respectively out of (83.19 %) with positive significant correlations on all selected cultivars. Top yields were gained from Giza186, Misr2, and Sahel1; respectively during seasons of the study under both conditions, except Gemeza9 under irrigation condition in 1st season ranked the 3rd yield.
LIVESTOCK FEED DRY MATTER AVAILABILITY AND UTILIZATION IN BURIE ZURIA DISTRICT, NORTH WESTERN ETHIOPIA
Authors: Belay Getahun , Negesse Tegene
Published: May 2023

Availability of feed resources, their utilization and balance between supply and demand in Burie Zuria district, north western Ethiopia, were assessedusing focus group discussion, individual interview, key informant interview and secondary data. Data was collected from February to April 2017 on 90, 30 and 30 households (HH)Hs selected from mid, high and low altitudes,respectively, using multi-stage sampling techniques. Data was analysed using FEAST version 2.21 and SPSS version 20.0. Mean land holding, livestock holding and family size were 1.8 ha, 9.03Tropical livestock unit (TLU) and 6.82 persons/HH, respectively. Crop residues, stubble grazing and natural pasture were major feed resources. Maize stover, finger millet and teff straws were the main crop residues produced in all agroecosystems (p<0.05). Inappropriate collection, conservation and feed processing practices reduced efficiency of utilization. Utilizable dry matter (DM) supply was 12.87±0.41 t/HH/yr; and 7.2±0.69, 14.6±0.47 and 15.38±0.66 were from high, mid and low altitudes, respectively; crop residues contributed major part (9.76±0.76 t)(p<0.05). Annual livestock maintenance DM requirement was 20.37±4.14 t/HH/yr with a deficit of 7.5±3.73 t, with DM requirement of 18.25±4.49, 26.78±4.14 and 16.09±3.83t/HH/yr (p<0.05) for high, mid and low altitudes, respectively. Available DM satisfies 63.18 % of DM requirements, where 39.45, 54.51 and 95.58 % (p<0.05) were for high, mid and low altitudes, respectively (p<0.05), indicating more feed shortage at high altitude. In conclusion, the main feed resource is crop residue with low DM contribution. Thus apropriate crop residues management should be used.
Effect of growth stage and method of conservation of H. filipendula and H. dissoluta on nutrient composition and digestibility
Authors: Gusha Jacob , Halimani T. E. , Ngongoni N. T. , Masocha M. , Katsande S. , Mugabe P. H.
Published: May 2023

Native species such Hyparrhenia filipendula and Hyperthelia dissoluta have great potential in livestock production but not much has been done to improve their contribution to that sector. This factorial study examined 2 grass species (H. filipendula and H. dissoluta) × 2 conservation methods (drying and ensiling) × 3 different growth stages, namely: elongation stage (January), early flowering (February) and late flowering stage (March) of H. filipendula and H. dissoluta during growing season in terms of nutritional composition and digestibility. There was no difference (P>0.05) in nutritional composition between the two-grass species. The method of conservation had an effect (P<0.05) on nutritive value, with silage having more phosphorus (P), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and crude protein (CP) than hay. Stage of growth had an effect (P<0.05) on all nutritional properties of both hay and silage. Phosphorus, Calcium, NDF, CP concentrations and digestibility of hay and silage decreased with maturity, while acid detergent fibre (ADF) concentration increased. Silage pH value was significantly higher at elongation 5.1 and 4.9 for H. filipendula and H. dissoluta, respectively. Silage pH for early flowering stage was within the recommended ranges from 4.1 to 4.4 on the pH scale, with higher than the recommended range for the late flowering growth stages (4.8 and 4.5) for H. filipendula and H. dissoluta, respectively. Dry matter digestibility of the conserved material reached levels as high as 80% for silage made at the elongation stage with all values at least 60%. The study results reveal that H. filipendula and H. dissoluta can be conserved as both silage and hay to produce a good quality feed. Harvesting at the early flowering stage provide a good compromise between quantity and quality of harvested forage. Further studies are necessary to assess the acceptability of the forage by livestock as well as to determine dry matter yields in different areas and a range of seasonal conditions.
ESTRATEGIAS DE CONTROL BIOLÓGICO UTILIZADAS PARA EL MANEJO DE LA ANTRACNOSIS CAUSADA POR Colletotrichum gloeosporioides EN FRUTOS DE MANGO: UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Arboleda-Zapata Tatiana , Diaz-Medina Ana Rosalba , Rios-Osorio Leonardo Alberto
Published: May 2023

The mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the most produced tropical fruits in the world, however, during post-harvest it is affected by pathogens such as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, which causes mango anthracnose. Synthetic fungicides are generally used to control this disease, but prolonged use can cause health and environmental effects; Therefore, biological control emerges as an alternative for the management of this disease, given that it is considered an effective and safe technique. The objective of this study was to describe the biological control strategies used for the management of anthracnose caused by C. gloeosporioides in mango fruits from a systematic review of the scientific literature. The ScienceDirect, Scopus and Scholar Google databases were used. It was found that the largest number of publications were made in 2013 and 2017, with Ataúlfo and Tommy Atkins as the most studied mango varieties and Mexico was the country with the highest number of articles reported. The most studied biological control mechanism was the effect of functional groups of microorganisms on mycelial growth and the highest percentages of inhibition were reported for this mechanism, although the greatest number of reports on control mechanisms were of the category of antagonistic microorganisms. It is concluded that knowledge about the mechanisms used to control anthracnose will allow adopting more effective, practical and reliable measures; thus, managing to maintain mango quality during the storage, distribution and marketing period.
AGROECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS OF FINCHA SUB BASIN, BLUE NILE RIVER BASIN, ETHIOPIA
Authors: Tessema Israel , Simane Belay
Published: May 2023

Agro-ecosystems are ecological systems modified by human beings to produce food, fiber or other agricultural products. It is an intersection of a set of agriculturally relevant climatic factors; soils and physiographic variables relevant to crop production; and a prevailing set of cropping practices. The biophysical diversity and associated socioeconomic condition of the community necessitate multiple strategies for augmented the resilience and adaptation to climate change. The objective here is to support site-specific and climate resilient development activities in a changing environment. Hence, the pattern, productivity, and sustainability analysis of the agro-ecosystems found within the sub-basin analyzed. Primarily, agro-ecosystem analysis conducted in collaboration with experts, development agents, and local communities; and four distinct agro-ecosystems (Highland, Midland, Wetland, and Lowland) identified. Then, the identified agro-ecosystems examined in light of their potential for agricultural production and the challenge presented by climate change. The diverse agro-ecosystem offers the potential for the production of equally varied diversified agricultural products with a notable demarcation in terms of production orientation and socioeconomic uniqueness of the community among the agro-ecosystems. This feature provides an opportunity in addressing the adaptive capacity and resilient development options to climate variability and change based on specific requirement of each agro-ecosystem.
THE ROLE OF CUSTOMARY INSTITUTIONS FOR AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITIES AND AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION
Authors: Budi Setia , Hamid Ahmad Humam , Fajri Fajri , Agussabti Agussabti
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study is to determine the role of Keujruen Blang in the implementation of agricultural extension model for rice seed farmers. Keujruen Blang is a customary institution rooted in Aceh Province, Indonesia. This study uses qualitative research method by applying case study with qualitative descriptive approach in which data processing through nonparametric statistic with data measurement using Likert Scale. The results showed that farmers still perceive the existence of Keujruen Blang in terms of; (1) set the division of water to the rice farmers, (2) determine and coordinate the schedule of planting rice (3) resolving disputes between rice farmers (4) coordinating khanduri blang (5) socializing and imposing sanctions on farmers who violate customary law and (6)) pick up small contributions to the rice farming community.Beside farmers, the role of Keujruen Blang is also felt by agricultural extension agents. They stated that Keujruen Blang was instrumental in assisting farmers, especially in regulating water and the implementation of simultaneous cultivation.This research recommends the involvement of Keujruen Blang in formulating extension work plan, implementation and evaluation of extension program to rice farmer breeders in supporting the effectiveness of agricultural extension to increase farmer production and welfare.
TIPOLOGÍA DE PRODUCTORES DE GANADO BOVINO EN LA ZONA NORTE DE VERACRUZ
Authors: Mendez Cortes Vianeth , Mora Flores Jose Saturnino , García Salazar José Alberto , Hernández Mendo Omar , García Mata Roberto , García Sánchez Roberto Carlos
Published: May 2023

The objective of the present study was to characterize the cattle growing systems in the northern zone of the state of Veracruz in order to establish a typology of cattle growers that will serve as the basis for the economic analysis of said activity. A semi-structured survey was carried out with 240 cattle growers in 16 municipalities of the region, using productive and socioeconomic variables. Statistical tools involving principal and conglomerate components were used to determine the typology and characteristics of each group. The results indicate that the cattle growers in the northern zone of the state of Veracruz are classified into three groups: conventional (90%), in transition (8.4%), and business (1.6%). Conventional cattle growers make a living selling weaned calves; they work with a surface area of 55 ha and 55 heads per herd. Cattle growers in transition work with a 177-ha grazing area and 174 heads per herd. Business growers work with an area of 382 ha and are exclusively dedicated to fattening the calves for slaughter. The economic analysis must consider all three groups of cattle growers and the characteristics that distinguish them. The resulting typologies are useful in decision making and creating differentiated support strategies.
ESTIMATION OF THE REQUIREMENT OF METABOLIZABLE ENERGY AND CRUDE PROTEIN FOR GROWING IN RHODE ISLAND RED CHICKENS, UNDER TROPICAL CONDITIONS OF SOUTHEASTERN MEXICO
Authors: Baas-Osorio Angel Rodrigo , Sarmiento-Franco Luis Armando , Santos-Ricalde Ronald , Segura-Correa José Candelario
Published: May 2023

The objective of the current study was to estimate the requirement of metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) for growing Rhode Island Red male chickens from 17 to 119 days-old, under tropical conditions of Yucatan, Mexico. The experiment consisted in three feeding phases (17–56, 57–91, 92–119 days old), using a factorial 2x3 design for each one. Two constant ME (2900 and 3100 kcal/kg DM), and three CP concentrations (% DM) that varied with age: 22, 20 and 18% (17–56 days-old); 20, 18 and 16% (57–91 days-old); and 18, 16 and 14% (92–119 days-old) were used. Two batches of 72 Rhode Island Red male chickens each one was used; the first one for the first feeding phase and the second batch for the second and third feeding phases. Response surface procedures to obtain the best ME and CP concentrations were carried out. The body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI) were greater in the first feeding phase with 2900 kcal ME/kg DM in the diet; however, in the second phase there was not significant effect of energy concentration. From 17–91 days-old, the FI increased with 2900 kcal ME/kg DM in the diet. Chickens had a higher BWG from 92–119 days-old when 16% CP was included in the diet. Protein efficiency was better from 17–119 days-old when the lower CP concentration was included in the diet. In conclusion, the greatest BWG were obtained, when 2900 kcal ME/kg DM, for the three feeding phases, was used. The best approximations of CP requirement in the diet for the first, second and third feeding phases were 21.3%, 19.2% and 17.1%, respectively.
ESTRATEGIAS TECNOLOGICAS PARA LA INTENSIFICACIÓN DE LA PRODUCTIVIDAD GANADERA EN CONDICIONES DE SABANAS INUNDABLES EN LA ORINOQUÍA COLOMBIANA
Authors: Velez Terranova Oscar Mauricio
Published: May 2023

It is estimated that livestock activity in Colombian Orinoco flooded savannas is develops on some 5 million hectares located between Casanare and Arauca departments, especially for breed and raise grazing cattle. The hydrological dynamics of the area and the spatial and temporal variability of forage, in conjunction with the characteristic extensive management of livestock systems of the region, have resulted in low productive and reproductive performance and a high environmental impact. This activity must undergo major changes to promote further development in line with the objectives required to address climate change. Some evidence suggests that management of grazing, water and trees and shrubs integration, are practices that would provide great productive and environmental benefits, increasing the livestock systems resilience in flooded savannas and promoting biodiversity conservation and maintenance of ecosystem services. The integration of new knowledge areas such as phenomics and “big data”, become useful research alternatives to understand in greater proportion the complex biological interactions that occur in this ecosystem, facilitating the creation of management programs that maximize productivity and animal welfare, while reducing the environmental impact associated with this activity. 
DIVERSIDAD ESTACIONAL Y VERTICAL DE FAMILIAS DEL ORDEN COLEOPTERA EN UN FRAGMENTO DE BOSQUE DE PINO-OYAMEL, TLAXCALA, MÉXICO
Authors: Hernández-Jaúregui Mauricio , Gámez-Pastrana Martín Roberto , Serna-Lagunes Ricardo , Llarena-Hernández Régulo Carlos , Mora-Collado Norma
Published: May 2023

The studies of diversity of the order Coleoptera have been centralized in seven states included the Neotropical region of Mexico, however, there are few studies of this order in temperate environments. The objective of this study was to analyze the diversity of Coleoptera families in a vertical and seasonal stratum in the Wildlife Conservation and Management Unit (UMA) Piedra Canteada, municipality of Nanacamilpa de Mariano Arista, Tlaxcala, Mexico. During February 2016 to January 2017, 10 field trips were made to collect Coleoptera with six flight intersection traps and three pitfalls, these were randomly distributed in one 1 km transect. Field trips were scheduled to coincide with the lunar cycle (before and after the full moon). 623 individuals belonging to 24 families were collected and identified, with the Leiodidae family (365 individuals) being the best represented (58%), while the rest of the families were poorly represented, since only eight families were concentrated in 1 % of the total sample. The total expected wealth according to the Chao 1 and Chao 2 indicators was 32 and 35 families, respectively; that is, in this study approximately 70% of the expected wealth was recorded. The Shannon diversity index (H’ = 1.28) indicated a low richness, derived from the dominance of the most representative families (Leiodidae, Silphidae and Chrysomelidae) that together make up more than 70% of the sample. Significant differences were found in the diversity of coleopterous families with respect to the season of the year (P < 0.05), with the rainy season having the greatest wealth of families vs dry season; in the same way, there was an abundance-height relationship, finding a lower abundance but greater wealth at 12 m height. In conclusion, the Leiodidae family is the most representative of the Coleoptera order and the diversity of families of this order is determined by the seasonality and the vertical stratum of sampling.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MAIZE STALKS MULCH ON RUNOFF, EROSION, SEDIMENT ENRICHMENT RATIO (SER), AND THE GROWTH OF CABBAGE AND RED BEANS IN ANDISOLS, CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA
Authors: Suyana Jaka , Komariah Komariah , Nugraheni Nugraheni , Lestariningsih Nanik Puji
Published: May 2023

Mulching technology is not only easy for farmers to use but it can also reduce soil erosion and increase plant growth. This research aimed to observe the effectiveness of maize stalk mulch on runoff, erosion, sediment enrichment ratio (SER), and plant growth. The experiment was carried out on upland farming in Andisols at the beginning of the dry season (April to June 2015). Mulch treatment was undertaken on bench terraces farms with doses of 0, 4, 8, and 12 tons ha-1 on 2 types of plants (cabbage and red beans). Maize mulch application has not significantly reduced runoff and erosion. The mulch dose of 12 tons ha-1 reduced runoff and erosion by 5.1-5.2% and 25.6-26.5% compared to soil without mulch. The spread of maize stalks mulch reduced sediment concentration but increased the nutrient concentration in sediments (SER value). The application of 12 tons ha-1 of maize stalks mulch increased the cabbage fresh weight by 33.5% and the red beans dry weight by 41.4%.
UTILIZATION OF SUGARCANE FILTER PRESS MUD AS ORGANIC FERTILIZER FOR IMPROVING CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ULTISOLS AND OIL PALM SEEDLINGS
Authors: Septyani Ika Ayu Putri , Yasin Syafrimen Yasin , Gusmini Gusmini Gusmini
Published: May 2023

Ultisols is suboptimal soil that have many problems those are low pH, nutrient deficiency and micronutrient toxicity and inhibit for crop growth and need ameliorant for improving the soil fertility. The aim of this research were to investigate the utilization of filter press mud compost for improving chemical properties of Ultisols and growth of oil palm seedling. This research consisted of five levels of compost (A=without compost, B= 4.25 t.ha-1,C=8.5 t.ha-1, D=12.75 t.ha-1 and E=17 t.ha-1) with three replications. The treatment units were allocated based on Randomized Block Design. The addition of filter press mud compost improving chemical properties of Ultisols especially pH value, decreasing Aluminum, total N 0.45%, organic C 2.19%, available P 37.14 ppm, CEC 22.04 cmol.kg-1. Filter press mud compost increased growth of oil palm seedling. Application of 12.75 t.ha-1 gave the optimum growth of oil palm seedlings. It showed that the crop height increased by 51.56%, leaves by 47.63%, N content by 2.26 %, P content by 0.18 % and K content by 1.44 %.
RESPONSE OF THE TYPE OF NITROGEN RESOURCE IN THE QUALITY OF MAIZE CULTIVATED IN SOUTHERN AMAZONIA
Authors: Carvalho Marco Antonio Camillo de , Mendes Elton Douglas Ribeiro , Yamashita Oscar Mitsuo , Dallacort Rivanildo , Silva Ivone Vieira da , Oliveira Lara Caroline Alves de , Domingues Samiele Camargo de Oliveira
Published: May 2023

Nitrogen is the nutrient most absorbed by maize crop and is usually the most limiting for development, especially when it is intended to work with maize cultivars with grain suitability and silage. The experiment was conducted in an experimental area of the Mato Grosso State University, Brazil. The objective of this work was to evaluate the vegetative and productive characteristics of a maize cultivar of dual aptitude as a function of sources and nitrogen doses in the municipality of Alta Floresta-MT, located in the region of the Southern Amazon. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 5x2 factorial scheme. The treatments consisted of the combination of two nitrogen sources (urea and ammonium sulfate) and five nitrogen doses (0, 65, 130, 195 and 260 kg ha-1), with four replicates. For the vegetative characteristics, no nitrogen source effect occurred. Only for plant height and spike insertion occurred a difference between the nitrogen rates used, where they were adjusted to a quadratic regression model with maximum response, respectively, at the doses of 112.5 and 75.0 kg ha-1 of N. There was an effect of doses and nitrogen sources on the productive characteristics evaluated.
EFFECTS OF AZOLLA BIOMASS GROWTH ON FLOOD WATER TEMPERATURE AND PH, TILLERING AND YIELD OF PADDY RICE
Authors: Oyange Wilson Agembo , Chemining'wa George Ndiema , Kanya James Ireri , Njiruh Paul Nthakanio
Published: May 2023

Azolla is a floating pteridophyte, which forms an association with an endosymbiont, the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena azollae. In Mwea Irrigation Scheme paddies, Azolla biomass coverage ranges from 25 to 50 % with a high biomass growth rate and this has caused a challenge in its management. Knowledge on the effect of Azolla biomass on rice tillering, root development and grain yield are important in order to exploit its potential benefits in Mwea Irrigation Scheme, where nearly 60 % of the total rice in Kenya is produced. The effect of Azolla on tillering, plant biomass, adventitious roots development, basal internode growth and yield of rice, was studied during 2015/2016 short and long rains. Azolla was inoculated in 30 cm x 30 cm plastic pots planted with rice variety Basmati 370. Controls where no Azolla was inoculated were included. Tiller number, plant height, flood water temperature and pH were determined at 21, 32, 42, 60 and 75 days after transplanting (DAT). At 120 DAT, grain yield and yield components were determined. Length of basal node and adventitious root were measured and dry biomass weights of, root and above ground biomass determined. Water temperature in Azolla inoculated pots were significantly lower than in controls by 0.8 °C and 1.3 °C in the second and first seasons respectively with a daily fluctuation of 2 °C. The pH of flood water in potted rice inoculated with Azolla was significantly lower than in control.  Azolla inoculated potted rice had significantly higher number of tillers/m2, spikelets per panicle-1, panicle size m-2, 1000 grain weight and plant biomass than in non-inoculated controls. Adventitious roots were significantly longer and more per unit area in all treatments than in controls. The basal stem node length was significantly shorter while root biomass was less for the Azolla inoculated potted rice than in controls.  In all treatments, Azolla doubled its biomass within an average of 5 days.

 

 
APPLICATION OF ANCESTRAL BIO-KNOWLEDGE IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
Authors: Mera-Andrade R. , Bejarano-Rivera C. , Sanchez-Espin J. , Artieda-Rojas J. , Pomboza-Tamaquiza P. , Alban-Yañez C. , Latorre-Tapia L. , Carrion-Cevallos M.J. , Zarabia-Calero R. , Tapia-Montenegro I.
Published: May 2023

Bio-knowledge is a new category of knowledge that is based on the experiences of the ancestors and that is transmitted by inheritance. The objective of the research is to show the agricultural techniques that are maintained until the present and that allow to live in harmony with nature, the same that has rights and that must be respected. It deals with agricultural production, which is carried out with ancestral techniques in the preparation of the land, selection of the seed, treatment of pests and diseases, crop management, harvest and post-harvest; on the other hand, in livestock production, the selection of the offspring by size and race; feeding with products from the area; prevention and treatment of diseases with incense and native plants; and, childbirth, which is helped with manipulation; all based on knowledge that is transmitted from generation to generation and that serve to strengthen the family economy. We analyze the legal regulations and the Rights of nature that are the basis of bio-knowledge and that establish harmony between man, plants and animals that coexist in the backyard family farms and subsistence of the ecosystem.
EFFECT OF DRYING TEMPERATURE OF Passiflora edulis RESIDUES ON RUMEN DEGRADATION KINETICS AND ENTERIC CH4 AND CO2 PRODUCTION
Authors: Buenaño-Sanchez M. , Barros-Rodriguez M. , Zurita-Vasquez H. , Hidalgo L. , Perez-Aldas L. , Arias-Toro D.
Published: May 2023

The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of the drying temperature on Pasiflora edulis husk residues on the degradation kinetics and enteric mitigation of CH4 and CO2. Four drying temperatures were evaluated: 60, 90, 120 and 150 °C. The digestibility of dry matter and organic matter showed differences (P <0.05) between treatments, obtaining the higher digestion at 60, 90, 120 °C, in ranges between (75 and 68%) and (77 and 70%) of the DM and OM respectively. The rumen degradation of DM was observed that both in the soluble fraction (A), insoluble but potentially degradable fraction (B) and degradation rate in percentage per hour (c), it was higher at drying temperatures of 60, 90 and 120 ° C (P <0.05). The rumen degradation kinetics of the NDF was obtained for both the soluble fraction (A), insoluble but potentially degradable fraction (B), the ruminal degradation rate (c) and effective degradation (ED) at the different passage rates (k) in P. edulis dried at 60 and 90 °C (P <0.05). While for the degradation potential (A+B) the higher degradation was observed at 90 °C of drying temperature. Gas production [GV (mL gas)] was lower (P<0.0001) in P. edulis husks dried at 60, 90 and 120 °C with a difference of 147.8 mL gas/0.500g of fermented DM compared to P. edulis dried at 150 °C. However, the production of CH4 and CO2 [GV (mL CH4); (mL CO2)] was lower (P=0.0002; P<0.0001 respectively) in the dried P. edulis residue of 60 °C (24.9 mL CH4 and 84.2 mLCO2/0.500g of fermented DM respectively). It can be concluded that drying at high temperatures (150 °C) residues of P. edulis reduce rumen digestion and increase the production of greenhouse gases in ruminants.
THE BALANCED SCORECARD FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS: A SHORT REVIEW
Authors: Artieda-Rojas J. , Mera-Andrade R. , Muñoz-Espinosa M. , Iraola J. , Barros-Rodriguez M. , Sarabia-Calero R. , Vega-Falcon V. , Romero-Fernandez A.
Published: May 2023

The aim of this work was to relate the concepts of sustainability and administration of agricultural systems for decision making for the benefit of agribusiness. The main aspects related to sustainability in these systems were defined. This allowed valuating administration variants in agricultural systems from the productive, social, environmental and economic point of view. It is concluded that the variant called Integral Control Panel is a very useful control tool for sustainable management in agricultural systems. In addition, questions were raised that indicate that the study of other integral administrative variants in these systems is deepened.
BIOGAS PRODUCTION AND In vitro CH4 FROM EXCREMENT OF CATTLE, SHEEP, PIGS AND HEN
Authors: Muñoz-Espinosa M. , Barros-Rodriguez M. , Valencia-Nuñez R. , Mera-Andrade R. , Artieda-Rojas J. , Najarro R. , Freire-Torres M. , Vega-Falcon V. , Romero-Fernandez A.
Published: May 2023

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of pig, ovine, bovine and hen excreta on biogas production and in vitro methane. Five kg of fresh excreta from cattle, sheep, pigs and hen was used. Each excreta were mixed with water at a ratio of 1: 4. Subsequently, 600 ml of the mixture was poured into bottles of 1-liter nominal capacity, sealed hermetically and kept at 39-40 °C. The total gas production and methane was evaluated. The highest (P<0.05) total gas production was observed in in vitro digesters with hen excreta (27.1 L gas/kg excreta). Methane production and percentage of methane in the gas produced was higher (P<0.05) on in vitro digesters with sheep excreta (8.3 L methane/kg of excreta and 74.7% respectively). The excreta of sheep can be used as a substrate in anaerobic biodigesters due to the potential of methane production.
SUSTENTABILIDAD DE LAS FINCAS PRODUCTORAS DE CACAO NATIVO EN LA PROVINCIA BAGUA, PERÚ
Authors: Fernandez Jeri Armstrong Barnard , Mori Zabarburu Roberto Carlos , Cruzalegui Fernandez Robert Javier , Julca Otiniano Alberto Marcial , Fernandez Jeri Leoncio Hertz
Published: May 2023

Background. The cultivation of native cocoa is of economic and social importance for the Amazonas region, which is positioning itself as an exporter of cocoa with sensory attributes of fine aroma. Objective. Determine the sustainability of native cocoa producing farms in the Bagua province, Peru. Methodology. The methodology used to assess sustainability was a "Multi Criteria Analysis". To obtain information from each of the cocoa farms in the Aramango, Copallín, El Parco, Imaza and La Peca districts, a personal survey was conducted with questions related to the three dimensions of sustainability (economic, socio-cultural, ecological). Indicators, sub-indicators and quantifiable variables adapted to cocoa cultivation were used to analyze each dimension and overall sustainability. The indicators were standardized on a scale from 0 to 4 and weighted. It was considered that a farm is sustainable if the general sustainability index is greater than two and none of the three dimensions evaluated is less than two. Results. A general sustainability index was found to be 2.1, Copallín and La Peca were the only economically sustainable ones. The ecological indicator was the one with the greatest contribution (IE=2.4) followed by the social indicator (ISC=2.3) and economic indicator (IK=1.7). 40% of the farms were sustainable in all three dimensions, dimensions, except in Imaza where it was only sustainable in the socio-cultural and ecological dimensions. Implications. The cultivation of native cocoa must increase the general sustainability index, for this, the critical points must be solved at the farm level, the diversification of production and management of vegetation cover and, at the producer level, the marketing channels, housing , access to education, access to health and health coverage. Conclusions. It was determined that the sustainability of the farms varied according to the district of origin; at the level of the general sustainability index Aramango, Copallín, El Parco and La Peca were sustainable. In the socio-cultural and ecological dimensions, all the farms in the studied districts were sustainable.
ÍNDICE DE RASTROS Y CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LA VEGETACIÓN DEL HÁBITAT DE Mazama temama (KERR 1792) INMERSA EN EL PARQUE NACIONAL CAÑÓN DE RÍO BLANCO, VERACRUZ, MÉXICO
Authors: Serna-Lagunes Ricardo , Ramos-Quechulpa Lizbeth , Torres-Cantú Gerardo Benjamín , Gastelum-Mendoza Fernando Isaac , Tarango-Arambula Luis Antonio
Published: May 2023

Background. The red temazate deer (Mazama temama, Artiodactyla: Cervidae) is a deer with ecological, cultural and economic importance, but its density and habitat characteristics in National Parks are unknown. Objective. To estimate the track index as an indirect measure of density and describe the vegetation characteristics of the habitat of M. temama in the town of Zapoapan, Parque Nacional Cañón del Río (PNCRB), Veracruz, Mexico. Methodology. During January to October 2021, eight transects were established to record tracks, phototraps were installed to determine their presence, and Canfield lines were used to describe the vegetation in areas with the presence of the species. Results. Twenty-three tracks of M. temama were recorded: nine tracks (39%), six excreta (26%), three foraging tracks (13%), three stalls (13%) and two photocaptures (8%), equivalent to an index tracks of 0.57 individuals/ha or 2.2 ha/individual, low density compared to other reports of the species. The habitat presented a richness of 19 species of plants, the shrubs being more abundant (36%) than the herbaceous and arboreal (represented by 32% each); the tree layer was dominant in terms of height and diameter. Implications. These results suggest that the habitat does not have sufficient diversity of resources to maintain a dense population of M. temama. Conclusion. The population density of M. temama in the PNCRB was low associated with a restricted carrying capacity in the study area, so actions must be taken towards the conservation and sustainable use of the population of this species.
Regulating Poverty: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Media Reporting on Energy Elite
Authors: Zhang Minglei
Published: May 2023

The current discursive development of renewable energy in news media is toward a direction of hyper-commodification, in which the process of creating a commodity is mainly subject to dominant political ideologies rather than a free market. Regarding the process of media reporting on global leaders’ renewable energy policies to the global public, I utilized semantic network analysis and discourse historical analysis to explore the process of hyper-commodification in media narratives. I found that media discourse constructs an illusion when representing renewable energy as essential and affordable in people’s everyday lives and indeed portrays a future without poverty. The underlying statement is that renewable energy is the future if you can afford it. Such discourses reimagine commodification by producing an emergent social class and intensifying the ongoing class warfare through the use of language. Although seeking solutions to implementing renewable energy is key to the public interest, the urgency of having a sustainable plan for energy consumption is often omitted from current media discourse. Instead, such discourses that represent the social reality retrospectively transition from reflecting public interests to only those of well-limited social groups can lead to detrimental consequences for successfully implementing sustainable goals in a timely manner.
A Developmental Study of Chinese EFL Learners’ Use of Discourse Markers in L2 Writing
Authors: Lin Jing
Published: May 2023

Discourse markers have pragmatic functions like promoting discourse fluency, expressing attitudes, constructing and managing coherence (Fraser, 1996; Halliday & Hasan, 1976). Most previous research focused on the use of specific discourse markers (Diskin, 2017; Gaines, 2011; Hasselgreen, 2004) or made a comparison between the non-native speakers and native speakers (Ament et al., 2018; Buysse, 2017; Liu, 2016; Wang & Wang, 2008) while the studies of the use of discourse markers from a developmental perspective are few. Therefore, this study aims to study discourse markers in L2 writings by describing and comparing the use of discourse markers used by the same group of Chinese EFL learners at varying proficiency levels. The participants in the current study are 30 English majors from the same grade. All of them are invited to write about the two same topics when they are sophomores and seniors. All of them have passed TEM-4 when they are sophomores. This study collects and analyzes data from their L2 writings. The researcher identifies and tags each discourse marker used in the L2 writings according to the function it has the context. After coding, the distribution, rate, and variety of discourse markers are calculated. The effect of varying language proficiency levels on the use of discourse markers is explored. Results indicate the continuation markers are used the most, followed by causal markers, contrast markers, sequencing markers, elaboration markers, opening and closing markers, summary or concluding markers, and topic shift or digression markers. The overall patterns of discourse markers’ distribution and rate in the two periods are similar while the total variety presents a difference that the seniors use more various discourse markers than the sophomores. The results suggest that language proficiency level is associated with discourse markers use. Participants of high proficiency use more various discourse markers. Therefore, the present study can contribute to our understanding of discourse markers through an in-depth analysis of L2 writing, improve EFL learners’ L2 writings quality and bring some important pedagogical implications for L2 writing assessment.
Language Technology Applications: Current Developments and Future Implications
Authors: Cassell Mark
Published: May 2023

This paper provides an overview of the current developments and future implications of language technology applications in various domains, including communication, education, and business. The paper examines the use of machine translation, speech recognition, natural language generation, and text analytics in communication, as well as computer-assisted language learning, automatic essay scoring, and plagiarism detection in education. Additionally, the paper explores the use of language technology in customer service, content creation, and language localization in business. The ethical and social considerations associated with the use of language technology, including bias, privacy, security, and employment, are also discussed. Finally, the paper concludes with a summary of the main points, implications for the future, and recommendations for further research.
On the Gender Differences in the Use of Hedges from a Pragmatic Perspective—Taking Friends as an Example
Authors: Lyu Bingyue
Published: May 2023

Based on the gender differences between male and female, the languages that the two genders use, such as the selection of words, sentence styles and moods unavoidably differ from each other. The same condition applies to the use of hedges. There are many causes to this phenomenon, such as biological, social and psychological factors. However, due to the fact that men and women are the same species, the language they use also share something in common. Based on the examples taken from TV series Friends, from the pragmatic perspective (mainly focusing on Speech Act Theory and Cooperative Principle), and through exploring the male and female use of hedges as well as the reasons leading to the discrepancies, this thesis aims to make its contribution to the study of the gender differences in the use of hedges, as well as the extent to which the gender difference influences hedge usage. This dissertation will especially relate to the pragmatics point of view.
The Sport-Culture Conflict and Its Resolution in the Media Perspective
Authors: Li Fangni
Published: May 2023

The increased interconnectedness of the world, combined with the advancements in technology, has raised people’s expectations of the world around them. Sports culture is certainly a noteworthy part of the social landscape; It has become a fundamental element of the contemporary human experience. Although economics and politics can have a profound impact on sports culture, the manner in which it is expressed varies greatly from country to country and region to region. This has impeded collaboration and exchange between nations in the sporting arena, resulting in unwanted tension and disputes. Hence, addressing and tackling these predicaments is of utmost importance and should be done without delay. This paper employs a variety of research techniques to delve into the issue of sport-cultural clashes and arrive at a practical and feasible solution to either reduce or avert them, as perceived by the media.
“Zhen de” (真的) at the Response Position in Mandarin Chinese: A Conversation Analytic Perspective
Authors: Wang Hongyue
Published: May 2023

In natural conversation, “zhen de” can appear as a turn construction component before, in or after a turn, or as a single turn construction unit at the response position of a sequence. Using the research method of conversation analysis, this paper takes the video and audio data of daily conversations as the corpus to conduct an in-depth study on “zhen de”, the practice that appears in the response position of the sequence. Combining with the existing corpus, we found that in the sequence environment of story telling, “zhen de” independent as turn construction unit usually performs other initiated open repair, this case “zhen de” can appear in second pair part, seeking a response and explanation. It can also appear as first pair part in non-minimal post-expansion of second pair part to challenge the authenticity of the responses of it.
Forensic Law in Hypoglycaemia-2
Authors: Beatty Derek C , Yap Christina G
Published: May 2023

We start 2023 with the sad statistic that a 39% rise in the number of children needing help for serious Mental Health including eating disorders have been statistically analysed from NHS data with 1,169,515 under 18’s referred for mental health treatment in 2021/22 compared to 839,750 in 2020/21 and 850,741 referrals in 2019/20. Can Hypoglycaemia Unawareness offer possible understanding of this sad disclosure to help children, youths, and families?
Balance of Interests and Dispute Resolution in the Retrofitting of Elevators in Existing Multi-Story Houses in Tianjin
Authors: Guo Jiayi , Han Jingyu , Xu Ruodan , Feng Ziman , Xiong Yunxue , Pan Yingming
Published: May 2023

With the aging of China’s population, the retrofitting of elevators in existing multi-story residential buildings has been steadily promoted with the support of the government, but the regulations and policies guiding the retrofitting of elevators have not been able to solve the disputes related to compensation relief, cost sharing, and safeguard measures well. The existing types of disputes are mainly civil and administrative. After searching and analyzing, civil disputes can be divided into three categories: nuisance removal, economic loss, and procedural defects, and in practice, there are problems with different standards for judging the eligibility of litigation subjects, limitations of litigation by low-rise owners, and lack of compensation mechanisms. Based on the current situation of retrofitting elevators to existing multi-story residential buildings in Tianjin, this paper analyzes the existing dispute resolution paths from the balance of interests of relevant subjects to promote the implementation of retrofitting elevators to existing multi-story residential buildings.
An Analysis of Legal Doctrines and Regulations for Genetic Privacy
Authors: Crowell Samuel F.
Published: May 2023

This paper explores the current state of genetic privacy, including the legal regimes of different countries, technological advances, and the scope of genetic privacy protection. The article also examines the judicial protection of genetic privacy, including legal means for data leakage and misuse. The study concludes that there are currently few legal doctrines or regulations that provide adequate protection for individuals and that it may be time to shift attention towards considering how and under what conditions to use genetic data while addressing the trade-offs between individual and societal interests.
Study on the Management Way of “Banning Electric Bicycles from Going Upstairs” in Tianjin
Authors: Mou Haolun , Sun Jingyang , Pan Yan , Wang Junzheng , Wang Zhen , Qin Jiayi
Published: May 2023

In recent years, the number of electric bikes in Tianjin is close to 4.59 million. Since 2018, there have been 241 electric bicycle fires in Tianjin, with direct property losses of 1.36 million yuan. Although the newly revised “Tianjin Fire Control Regulations” was officially implemented on November 9, 2021, the problems of unclear division of management rights and responsibilities and weak law enforcement force have been unable to be solved. Through literature collection, questionnaire survey, grassroots research and other methods, the paper inspects the implementation of relevant policies in Tianjin residential communities, summarizes the outstanding problems, carries out the grass-roots law publicity, and puts forward a series of specific measures.
BOOKLET DEVELOPED TO MAXIMIZE MATHEMATICS LEARNING
Authors: Syaifuddin Ahmad , Wijayanto Adi , Patoni Achmad
Published: May 2023

Booklet media as a development product to learn mathematics independently in order to improve student learning outcomes. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) using the ADDIE model with the One Group Pretest Postest Design approach. The results showed that: 1) three media expert validators, three linguist validators and three material expert validators by 85% with very valid categories. 2) 10 samples in the reliability test on chronbach's alpha table, namely 0.716>0.60 with specifications suitable for use and student response to the distribution of questionnaires 92.7% with practical and effective specifications in terms of appearance. 3) the application of booklet media was analyzed using pretest questions through a homogeneity test of 0.457>0.05 which means homogeneous and a reliability test of kolmogorov smirnov of 0.962>0.05 with normal distribution and can be applied in class 5. 4) measuring the effectiveness of booklet media development through paired sample t-test with spss, namely 0.00<0.05 so that there is an influence on the effectiveness of critical thinking.