bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Muscle-generated BDNF is a sexually dimorphic myokine that controls metabolic flexibility
Authors: Yang Xiuying , Brobst Daniel , Chan Wing Suen , Tse Margaret Chui Ling , Herlea-Pana Oana , Ahuja Palak , Bi Xinyi , Zaw Aung Moe , Kwong Zara Sau Wa , Jia Wei-hua , Zhang Zhong-gou , Zhang Ning , Chow Simon Kwoon Ho , Cheung Wing Hoi , Louie Jimmy Chun Yu , Griffin Timothy M. , Nong Wenyan , Hui Jerome Ho Lam , Du Guan-hua , Noh Hye Lim , Saengnipanthkul Suchaorn , Chow Billy K. C. , Kim Jason K. , Lee Chi Wai , Chan Chi Bun
Published: August 2019

BDNF produced by skeletal muscle in female mice enables switching of fuel sources during fasting.
Mast cells tune in to quorum sensing
Authors: VanHook Annalisa M.
Published: August 2019

The molecules that bacteria use to coordinate virulence-promoting collective behaviors also activate mast cells.
Multicenter Study of the Real-World Use of Ceftaroline versus Vancomycin for Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections
Authors: Trinh T. D. , Jorgensen S. C. J. , Zasowski E. J. , Claeys K. C. , Lagnf A. M. , Estrada S. J. , Delaportes D. J. , Huang V. , Klinker K. P. , Kaye K. S. , Davis S. L. , Rybak M. J.
Published: August 2019

The objective of this study was to determine if real-world ceftaroline treatment in adults hospitalized for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) is associated with decreased infection-related length of stay (LOS
inf
) compared to that with vancomycin. This was a retrospective, multicenter, cohort study from 2012 to 2017.
Disparate Candida albicans Biofilm Formation in Clinical Lipid Emulsions Due to Capric Acid-Mediated Inhibition
Authors: Willems Hubertine M. E. , Stultz Jeremy S. , Coltrane Molly E. , Fortwendel Jabez P. , Peters Brian M.
Published: August 2019

Receipt of parenteral nutrition (PN) remains an independent risk factor for developing catheter-related bloodstream infections (CR-BSI) caused by fungi, including by the polymorphic fungus
Candida albicans
, which is notoriously adept at forming drug-resistant biofilm structures. Among a variety of macronutrients, PN solutions contain lipid emulsions to supply daily essential fats and are often delivered via central venous catheters (CVCs).
The Use of Copper as an Antimicrobial Agent in Health Care, Including Obstetrics and Gynecology
Authors: Arendsen Linda P. , Thakar Ranee , Sultan Abdul H.
Published: August 2019

Health care-associated infections (HAIs) are a global problem associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Controlling the spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria is a major public health challenge, and antimicrobial resistance has become one of the most important global problems in current times.
Distinct Modified Nucleosides in tRNA
Trp
from the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis and Requirement of tRNA m
2
G10/m
2
2
G10 Methyltransferase (Archaeal Trm11) for Survival at High Temperatures
Authors: Hirata Akira , Suzuki Takeo , Nagano Tomoko , Fujii Daishiro , Okamoto Mizuki , Sora Manaka , Lowe Todd M. , Kanai Tamotsu , Atomi Haruyuki , Suzuki Tsutomu , Hori Hiroyuki
Published: August 2019

Thermococcus kodakarensis
is a hyperthermophilic archaeon that can grow at 60 to 100°C. The sequence of tRNA
Trp
from this archaeon was determined by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Fifteen types of modified nucleoside were observed at 21 positions, including 5 modifications at novel positions; in addition, methylwyosine at position 37 was newly observed in an archaeal tRNA
Trp
. The construction of
trm11
(Δ
trm11
) and other gene disruptant strains confirmed the enzymes responsible for modifications in this tRNA. The lack of 2-methylguanosine (m
2
G) at position 67 in the
trm11 trm14
double disruptant strain suggested that this position is methylated by Trm14, which was previously identified as an m
2
G6 methyltransferase. The Δ
trm11
strain grew poorly at 95°C, indicating that archaeal Trm11 is required for
T. kodakarensis
survival at high temperatures.
Interaction between Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus Generates·OH Radicals That Rapidly Kill Staphylococcus aureus Strains
Authors: Wu Xueqing , Gordon Oren , Jiang Wenxin , Antezana Brenda S. , Angulo-Zamudio Uriel A. , del Rio Carlos , Moller Abraham , Brissac Terry , Tierney Aimee R. P. , Warncke Kurt , Orihuela Carlos J. , Read Timothy D. , Vidal Jorge E.
Published: August 2019

Streptococcus pneumoniaestrains produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to kill bacteria in the upper airways, including pathogenicStaphylococcus aureusstrains. The targets ofS. pneumoniae-produced H2O2have not been discovered, in part because of a lack of knowledge about the underlying molecular mechanism. We demonstrated that an increased density ofS. pneumoniaekillsS. aureusby means of H2O2produced by two enzymes, SpxB and LctO. We discovered that SpxB/LctO-produced H2O2is converted into a hydroxyl radical (·OH) that rapidly intoxicates and killsS. aureus. We successfully inhibited the toxicity of·OH with three different scavengers and detected·OH in the supernatant. The target(s) of the hydroxyl radicals represents a new alternative for the development of antimicrobials againstS. aureusinfections.
Local therapy for cancer therapy-associated uveitis: a case series and review of the literature
Authors: Venkat Arthi Ganesh , Arepalli Sruthi , Sharma Sumit , Karthik Naveen , Lowder Careen , Ehlers Justis P , Singh Arun , Goshe Jeffrey , Srivastava Sunil
Published: August 2019

Background/aims

Immunotherapy and targeted therapy for metastatic cancer may cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs) such as uveitis. If irAEs are severe or require systemic steroids, cancer therapy is often held or discontinued. Local steroid therapy for cancer therapy-associated uveitis allows the continuation of cancer therapy. This series demonstrates successful management of cancer therapy-associated uveitis with local therapy based on uveitis subtype.

Methods

This is an Institutional Review Board-approved retrospective case series of patients with uveitis secondary to immunotherapy or targeted therapy managed with local treatment, and focused literature review.

Results

Five patients (median age: 54, range 31 to 75) were included. Time to uveitis onset following cancer therapy initiation was 3 to 12 months. All patients received checkpoint inhibitor therapy; one patient additionally received targeted therapy. Two patients presented with anterior uveitis, two with panuveitis and one with posterior uveitis. Four of five patients demonstrated evidence of posterior segment inflammation on multimodal imaging. Anterior uveitis was successfully treated with topical prednisolone acetate 1% (PA 1%) alone, and posterior segment involvement recalcitrant to topical PA 1% was treated successfully with topical difluprednate, intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide or a combination. Patients with isolated anterior uveitis did not require maintenance topical therapy; those with posterior and panuveitis required chronic low-dose topical therapy.

Conclusion

Based on our series as well as the existing literature demonstrating the use of local therapy for irAEs, we propose an approach to local therapy for cancer therapy-associated uveitis starting with topical steroids and initiating injectable steroids in cases of recalcitrant panuveitis or posterior uveitis. Subclinical inflammation on posterior segment imaging responds robustly to difluprednate or intravitreal steroid therapy, and patients with posterior segment involvement may require more aggressive management and long-term maintenance.
ProbioticL. gasseristrain (LG21) for the upper gastrointestinal tract acting through improvement of indigenous microbiota
Authors: Koga Yasuhiro , Ohtsu Toshihiro , Kimura Katsunori , Asami Yukio
Published: August 2019

Objective

To describe probiotics including aLactobacillus gasseristrain LG21 used for the upper gastrointestinal tract, which are considered to act through improvement of indigenous microbiota inhabiting there.

Background and design

Because the early definition of probiotics emphasized their effects on improving the intestinal microbial ecology, their effects on the intestinal tract and its immunity have been considered common general benefits associated with probiotics. This conclusion was also based on a body of successful clinical trials whose endpoints were the prevention or treatment of intestinal diseases. In contrast to intestinal microbiota, our understanding of the role of gastric microbiota in human health and physiology remains poor, as the bacterial load in the stomach is considered too small to exert a significant effect due to the highly acidic environment of the human stomach. Therefore, the intervention using probiotics in the stomach is still limited at present.Results:In this article using representative 38 quoted articles, we first describe the gastric microbiota, as the indigenous microbiota in the stomach is thought to be significantly involved in the pathophysiology of this organ, since probiotics exert their beneficial effects through improving the resident microbiota. We then review the present status and future prospects of probiotics for the treatment of upper gastrointestinal diseases by quoting representative published articles, including our basic and clinical data.

Conclusions

Probiotics have been demonstrated to suppress Helicobacter pylori in the stomach, and are also expected to improve functional dyspepsia through the correction of dysbiotic gastric microbiota.
Should sports and exercise medicine be taught in the Swiss undergraduate medical curricula? A survey among 1764 Swiss medical students
Authors: Carrard Justin , Pandya Tej , Niederhauser Laurène , Infanger Denis , Schmidt-Trucksaess Arno , Kriemler Susi
Published: August 2019

Objectives

The global lack of sports and exercise medicine (SEM) teaching at medical schools contrasts with evidence that physical activity (PA) plays a major role in preventing and treating non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The aims of this study were to (a) examine whether Swiss medical students are expected to acquire SEM-related skills and knowledge, (b) systematically reviewed SEM teaching in the Swiss undergraduate medical curricula, (c) assess if Swiss medical students are aware of SEM and (d) whether they would like SEM to be included in their curricula.

Methods

Two authors independently screened the ‘Principal Relevant Objectives and Framework for Integrative Learning and Education in Switzerland’ (PROFILES) for SEM-related learning objectives and reviewed the curricula. 7708 Swiss medical students were invited to participate in an online survey.

Results

32 SEM-related learning objectives were identified in PROFILES with 20 of them linked to PA. Four of eight Swiss medical schools display limited mandatory SEM teachings. 1764 students participated in the survey (482.0% of the necessary sample size, 22.9% of all Swiss medical students). One in two students knew that SEM includes preventing and treating NCDs. Almost 95% of the participants would like SEM to be included in the curricula.

Conclusion

Despite its inclusion in PROFILES and comprehensive evidence that SEM should be taught at medical schools, this is scarcely the case in Switzerland. Swiss medical students have limited understanding of SEM, but are keen to have it included in the curricula. This study highlights the need for more comprehensive SEM teaching at Swiss medical schools.
Retrospective study of the use of medication and supplements during the 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia
Authors: Oester Chelsea , Weber Alexis , Vaso Martin
Published: August 2019

Objective

Examine the intake of medication and supplements used by top-level players during the 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia.

Participants

736 top-level players

Setting

The team doctors uploaded a list of the medications used by each player to the online reporting tool within 72 hours of each match of the 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia.

Outcome measures

Average number of medications used per player per match and during the tournament; average number and percentage of players using at least one medication per match and during the tournament.

Results

54% of the players took at least one medication during the tournament and 39% took at least one medication before each match. The most used medications were non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) (38.6%), followed by other analgesics (13.8%) and medications for insomnia and anxiety (13%). On average, 0.72 medications were taken per player per match and 1.32 per player during the tournament. The mean number of medication intake per player per match was higher during the knockout stage compared with the group stage (0.88±1.36 vs 0.65±1.08, p<0.001). Players from South America and North and Central America took more medications per match compared with the players from Africa (0.9±1.14 and 0.98±1.1 vs 0.48±0.83, p<0.001 in both cases).

Conclusion

The intake of NSAIDs decreased during the 2018 FIFA World Cup compared with previous FIFA World Cups, but stayed at a high level. The high number of medications taken is a cause for concern, and therefore, players, medical staff and coaches should be made more aware of the possible side effects of a high medication intake.
P.3.19 Effect of occupational work and safety issues on road crash injuries in the philippines
Authors: Lu Sophia Francesca
Published: August 2019

Background

This study looked at occupational road crashes and work schedule among truck and bus drivers in comparison to other drivers and motorists on the road of Metro manila which is one of the cities globally with a high traffic density. One of the most precarious work occupations is driving especially buses used for public transportation, and trucks for commercial activities. This is most astute in the metrolopolis.

Methods

The study used meta-analysis of previous studies conducted, grey literature, government statistics, and validation through key database research in concerned national government agencies involved in road traffic from 2010–2015.

Results

The study found that the in terms of the number of public utility vehicles registered in Metro Manila (2015), 51.27% were buses and 20.21% were trucks. Majority of the drivers worked more than 12 hours a day. In terms of time and peak of accidents, it is alarming to note that about 35% of the road crashes occurred from 22–23 gmt (2010–2015), and 30% from 23–24 (2010–2015) gmt. Human error accounted for the overwhelming cause of road crashes such as drunk driving, beating the red light, sleepiness, accounting for 99.52% in 2012, 99.47% in 2013, 95.33% in 2014, and 97.19% in 2015. Majority of the drivers worked over prolonged hours on the road that may cause fatigue and sleepiness which are the highest risk factor to road accident based on the study.

Conclusion

The study has shown how risky driving is as an occupation especially due to the work schedule and work issues. The study suggests developing better information, education and communication campaign as well as policies particularly on work conditions favorable to bus and truck drivers, and likewise, considering work schedule in road safety among drivers which composes one of the risky occupations.
Does a mandatory non-medical switch from originator to biosimilar etanercept lead to increase in healthcare use and costs? A Danish register-based study of patients with inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Glintborg Bente , Ibsen Rikke , Bilbo Rebecca Elisabeth Qwist , Lund Hetland Merete , Kjellberg Jakob
Published: August 2019

Objectives

In year 2016, Danish national guidelines included a mandatory switch of patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases treated with originator etanercept (ETA) to biosimilar SB4 in routine care. We aimed to explore if switching lead to increased healthcare utilisation and costs.

Methods

Observational cohort study. Adult patients who switched from ETA to SB4 were identified in the Danish nationwide DANBIO registry. In the National Patient Registry, we identified health utilisation (hospital admissions/hospital days/outpatient visits/prescription medication use) and comorbidities. Estimation of health utilisation included average use and costs 1 year before/after switch, changes after the switch, and whether patient characteristics affected changes. Analyses were by adjusted two-step gamma distributed regression models, and for changes over time a generalized estimation equations (GEE) model was applied. Impact of comorbidities was explored as interaction terms in the model. Medication costs of ETA and SB4 were not included in model.

Results

1620 patients were included (mean age 55 years (SD 14.7), 40% male). Costs before and after switching were mainly driven by outpatient visits (67%/72% of all costs). Monthly fluctuations of costs were similar before/after switch. After switching, use (8%) and costs (7%) of outpatient services increased, whereas costs of admissions (55%) and medication (5%) decreased. Patients with longer ETA treatment duration had an increase in use and costs of healthcare resources, whereas gender and comorbidities had no impact. Higher age was associated with an increase in costs of inpatient services.

Conclusion

We demonstrated no obvious changes in overall use and costs of healthcare services following switch from originator to biosimilar etanercept.
Firearm assault in Philadelphia, 2005–2014: a comparison of police and trauma registry data
Authors: Kaufman Elinore , Holena Daniel N , Yang Wei P , Morrison Christopher N , Jacoby Sara F , Seamon Mark , Sims Carrie , Wiebe Douglas J , Beard Jessica H
Published: August 2019

Background

Firearm injury is a major public health burden in the USA. Absent a single, reliable data source, researchers have attempted to describe firearm injury epidemiology using trauma registry data. To understand the implications of this approach, we compared trends in firearm assault incidence and case-fatality in Philadelphia over 10 years from two sources: the Pennsylvania Trauma Outcomes Study (PTOS), Pennsylvania’s state-mandated trauma registry, and the Philadelphia Police Department database (PPD) of firearm assaults.

Methods

We included PTOS firearm assault patients treated in Philadelphia County and PPD database firearm assault victims from 2005 to 2014. We calculated counts of fatal and non-fatal incidents using PTOS and PPD data. We used generalized linear models adjusted for seasonality to estimate temporal trends in firearm assault rates and case-fatality for both data sources and compared patient demographics and injury characteristics between the two.

Results

A total of 6988 PTOS and 14 172 PPD subjects met the inclusion criteria. In both data sets, firearm assault rates decreased significantly during the study period (PTOS: 5.19 vs. 3.43 per 10 000 person-years, change/year: −0.21, 95% CI −0.26 to –0.16; PPD: 10.97 vs. 6.70 per 10 000 person-years, change/year: −0.53, 95% CI −0.62 to –0.44). PTOS mean case-fatality rate was 26.5% and decreased significantly (change/year: −0.41, 95% CI −0.78% to 0.04%). PPD mean case-fatality rate was 18.9% with no significant change over time (p=0.41).

Discussion

Relative to PPD data, PTOS data underestimated firearm assault incidence and overestimated mortality. Trends in case-fatality rates were disparate across the two data sources. A true understanding of firearm injury in the USA requires comprehensive data collection on the incidence, nature, and severity of these injuries. As trauma registry data are by definition incomplete, combining data sources is essential. Local law enforcement data are an important potential source for studying city-level firearm injury.

Level of evidence

Level III, epidemiological.
Use of extracorporeal membranous oxygenation in the management of refractory trauma-related severe acute respiratory distress syndrome: a national survey of the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma
Authors: Raff Lauren , Kerby Jeffrey David , Reiff Donald , Jansen Jan , Schinnerer Eric , McGwin Gerald , Bosarge Patrick
Published: August 2019

Objective

To report results of a national survey of provider attitudes, observations, and opinions regarding the use of extracorporeal membranous oxygenation (ECMO) to manage severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in trauma patients.

Design

A survey was created to query providers on the use of ECMO in trauma, as well as general management principals related to care of the patient with refractory hypoxic respiratory failure. The survey was sent to all members of Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma (EAST). Once completed, the survey was returned to the University of Alabama at Birmingham and results were analyzed.

Setting/patients

Trauma patients with refractory ARDS.

Interventions

None.

Measurements and main results

Respondents were from 37 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. 56.9% reported institutional ECMO capabilities, but only 45.2% reported using ECMO for trauma patients. Most respondents (90.2%) reported ECMO use in less than or equal to five trauma patients per year. 20.9% think there is not enough data to support its use in trauma but only 4.7% would absolutely not consider ECMO use for trauma patients. Ranking the preferred modality of treatments for refractory ARDS from most to least preferable is as follows: airway pressure release ventilation, bilevel ventilation, paralysis, prone positioning, inhaled nitric oxide, epoprostenol, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, corticosteroids, surfactant.

Conclusions

ARDS has a high mortality among trauma patients. Despite its utility in treating severe ARDS and other pulmonary disease processes, ECMO has not been universally embraced by the trauma community. There are an increasing number of studies that suggest that ECMO is a safe and viable treatment option for trauma patients with ARDS. Based on the results of this survey, ECMO use remains limited by trauma providers that care for patients with refractory hypoxic respiratory failure and ARDS, likely due to a combination of knowledge gaps and lack of access to ECMO.

Level of evidence

Level V.
Generalised tetanus in a cat
Authors: Farrar Bethan , Liebel Francois‐Xavier
Published: August 2019

This case report describes the presentation of a cat with generalised tetanus, which is uncommon in this species. The onset of clinical signs with focal limb rigidity occurred one week following a wound on the distal limb. The cat progressed to permanent recumbency with generalised signs of extensor rigidity and the classical facial expression as typically seen in generalised tetanus in dogs. After five days of hospitalisation and treatment with metronidazole, tetanus antitoxin and analgesia, mild improvement in the ability to ambulate was seen. Reassessment four weeks later after continued nursing management at home showed near‐complete resolution of the clinical signs. This case report highlights the neurological and clinical signs of generalised tetanus, which is an uncommon condition in cats, and the success of medical management, which can be achieved in a first‐opinion setting.
Ropinirole eye drops induce vomiting effectively in dogs: a randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical study
Authors: Suokko Minna , Saloranta Lasse , Lamminen Terttu , Laine Tarmo , Elliott Jonathan
Published: August 2019

There is a need for an effective and safe emetic agent that dog owners could easily administer to their dogs following veterinary advice in cases of potential poisoning. As a response to this need, a randomised, double‐blind, multi‐site, clinical field study was performed to assess the efficacy, safety and usability of ropinirole eye drops to induce vomiting in dogs. Ropinirole (target dose 3.75 mg/m2) was applied to eyes of 100 dogs, and 32 dogs received placebo. The drug was administered by the dog owner at a veterinary clinic under the supervision of a veterinarian and led to vomition in 95% of the ropinirole‐treated dogs within 30 min. The median time to first vomit was 10 min (range: 3–37 min). None of the dogs receiving placebo vomited in this time period. All owners were able to administer the product and 96% of them assessed the administration to be very easy or easy, which was confirmed by the observing veterinarian. Some ocular signs were seen both with ropinirole and placebo, hyperaemia being the most common. All observed signs were transient and in most cases mild. Ropinirole eye drops provided an effective, safe and reliable means to induce emesis in dogs.
Soil physical and hydraulic properties under different land uses in the black soil region of Northeast China
Authors: Li Haiqiang , Liao Xiaolin , Zhu Hansong , Wei Xiaorong , Shao Mingan
Published: August 2019

Black soil is inherently productive and fertile but is subject to soil erosion. Understanding the distribution of soil physical and hydraulic properties of the soil profile under various land uses would help reveal the mechanism behind the degradation of black soil. In this study, we investigated the variation in soil physical and hydraulic properties with land uses and soil depths in the black soil area of Northeast China. Disturbed samples and undisturbed soil cores were collected from 0–100 cm soil depths under agricultural land (AL), forestland (FL), and shrub land (SL). Our results showed that the land use and soil depth significantly affected the soil bulk density (BD), field capacity (FC), capillary moisture capacity (CMC), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), and soil water retention curve (θs and α). Small macroaggregates accounted for most of the soil mass and were significantly higher in FL but lower in AL for the 0–50 cm of the soil samples. The FC, CMC, and Ks decreased, but the BD increased with the soil depth across the three land-use types. In addition, the soil in AL had a higher BD but lower CMC and Ks than the soil in FL and SL for most soil depths. These results indicated that land use can influence the variation in soil physical and hydraulic properties within the 0–100 cm soil depth, and agricultural use is a major reason for soil degradation in this black soil region.
Fault-Free Hamiltonian Cycles in Balanced Hypercubes with Conditional Edge Faults
Authors: Li Pingshan , Xu Min
Published: August 2019

The balanced hypercube, [Formula: see text], is a variant of hypercube [Formula: see text]. Zhou et al. [Inform. Sci. 300 (2015) 20–27] proposed an interesting problem that whether there is a fault-free Hamiltonian cycle in [Formula: see text] with each vertex incident to at least two fault-free edges. In this paper, we consider this problem and show that each fault-free edge lies on a fault-free Hamiltonian cycle in [Formula: see text] after no more than [Formula: see text] faulty edges occur if each vertex is incident with at least two fault-free edges for all [Formula: see text]. Our result is optimal with respect to the maximum number of tolerated edge faults.
2-Adic and Linear Complexities of a Class of Whiteman’s Generalized Cyclotomic Sequences of Order Four
Authors: Kumari Priti , Kewat Pramod Kumar
Published: August 2019

Although for more than 20 years, Whiteman’s generalized cyclotomic sequences have been thought of as the most important pseudo-random sequences, but, there are only a few papers in which their 2-adic complexities have been discussed. In this paper, we construct a class of binary sequences of order four with odd length (product of two distinct odd primes) from Whiteman’s generalized cyclotomic classes. After that, we determine both 2-adic complexity and linear complexity of these sequences. Our results show that these complexities are greater than half of the period of the sequences, therefore, it may be good pseudo-random sequences.
The Generalized Connectivity of Bubble-Sort Star Graphs
Authors: Zhao Shu-Li , Hao Rong-Xia
Published: August 2019

The connectivity plays an important role in measuring the fault tolerance and reliability of interconnection networks. The generalized [Formula: see text]-connectivity of a graph [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text], is an important indicator of a network’s ability for fault tolerance and reliability. The bubble-sort star graph, denoted by [Formula: see text], is a well known interconnection network. In this paper, we show that [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text], that is, for any three vertices in [Formula: see text], there exist [Formula: see text] internally disjoint trees connecting them in [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text], which attains the upper bound of [Formula: see text] given by Li et al. for [Formula: see text].
On the Domination Integrity
Authors: Tokat Hüseyin , Kirlangiç Alpay
Published: August 2019

The domination integrity of graph G is defined by [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] denotes the order of the largest component in [Formula: see text]. This parameter is a measures of vulnerability of a graph. In this paper, we determine the domination integrity of middle graph of graph [Formula: see text], graph [Formula: see text] and graph [Formula: see text]. We also obtain some results for cartesian product and corona.
Statistical and nonlinear analyses of return volatility dynamics on energy futures
Authors: Wang Guochao , Zheng Shenzhou , Wang Jun
Published: August 2019

The energy markets, as important parts of global financial markets, have been regarded as complex nonlinear systems. The researches on the return volatility of energy futures are of great significance for grasping the law of operations and measuring the risks of markets. This paper introduces two novel volatility statistics — volatility two-component range intensity (VTRI) and cumulative volatility two-component range intensity (CVTRI) into energy futures markets to investigate the volatility dynamics of eight important energy futures. These two statistics combine the volatility shortest passage time (or volatility duration) with the volatility maximum change intensity and the volatility cumulative change intensity. Then, some statistical properties including probability distribution and tail power-law distribution of VTRI series and CVTRI series for eight energy futures are studied by some statistical analyses methods. Moreover, various nonlinear analytical methods are used to explore some nonlinear behaviors including correlation behavior, similarity behavior and multifractal property of VTRI series and CVTRI series.
MHD non-Newtonian thin film fluid flow due to an unsteady stretching sheet under thermocapillarity phenomenon
Authors: Megahed Ahmed M. , Mahmoud Mostafa A. A.
Published: August 2019

This theoretical work explores the effect of the magnetic field on the liquid thin film flow of a non-Newtonian Powell–Eyring fluid. The thermocapillarity phenomenon in association with the effect of slip velocity is studied. In our research, we cannot ignore the important role of the numerical shooting method which employed to get the solution for our problem. This method helped us to sketch both the dimensionless velocity and the dimensionless temperature for several parameters. Furthermore, the authentication on the correctness and effectiveness for our method is checked by performing a comparison between this problem in the absence of some parameters and the previously published work, which confirms the robustness for the shooting method. Finally, an overview of the effect of the emerging parameters on the velocity and temperature profiles as well as the local skin-friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number is done.
High birefringent, low loss and flattened dispersion asymmetric slotted core-based photonic crystal fiber in THz regime
Authors: Monir Md. Khairum , Hasan Mahmudul , Paul Bikash Kumar , Ahmed Kawsar , El-Khozondar Hala J. , Amiri I. S.
Published: August 2019

This paper proposes a novel model to attain high birefringence and low loss in a slotted core-based photonic crystal fiber (PCF) structure in THz regime. The performance of the proposed PCF has been evaluated by applying finite element method (FEM) with full simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics V-5.1. The proposed model gains good optical properties such as high birefringence of 0.24, low effective material loss (EML) of 0.03 cm[Formula: see text], low confinement loss of 6.5 × 10[Formula: see text] (dB/m), low scattering loss of 2 × 10[Formula: see text] (dB/m) and low bending loss of 7.4 × 10[Formula: see text] (dB/cm). The proposed structure also exhibits the flattened dispersion for wider frequency response. However, the real-life fabrication of the suggested model is highly feasible using the current technology due to the unique shape of circular air holes in the cladding region. The outcomes make the proposed PCF a stronger candidate for polarization-preserving applications such as sensing, communications and filtering operations in THz band.
Sentence Similarity Algorithm Based on Fused Bi-Channel Dependency Matching Feature
Authors: Guan Xiaohan , Han Jianhui , Liu Zhi , Zhang Mengmeng
Published: August 2019

Many tasks of natural language processing such as information retrieval, intelligent question answering, and machine translation require the calculation of sentence similarity. The traditional calculation methods used in the past could not solve semantic understanding problems well. First, the model structure based on Siamese lack of interaction between sentences; second, it has matching problem which contains lacking position information and only using partial matching factor based on the matching model. In this paper, a combination of word and word’s dependence is proposed to calculate the sentence similarity. This combination can extract the word features and word’s dependency features. To extract more matching features, a bi-directional multi-interaction matching sequence model is proposed by using word2vec and dependency2vec. This model obtains matching features by convolving and pooling the word-granularity (word vector, dependency vector) interaction sequences in two directions. Next, the model aggregates the bi-direction matching features. The paper evaluates the model on two tasks: paraphrase identification and natural language inference. The experimental results show that the combination of word and word’s dependence can enhance the ability of extracting matching features between two sentences. The results also show that the model with dependency can achieve higher accuracy than these models without using dependency.
Voltage Disturbance Signals Identification Based on ILMD and Neural Network
Authors: Fan Shaosheng , Wang Xuhong , Yang Siyang
Published: August 2019

In order to identify the disturbance signal in power system and reduce the influence on system security, a voltage disturbance signal classifier based on improved local mean decomposition (ILMD) and BP neural network is proposed. ILMD is used to decompose the disturbance signal in three layers, and the product function (PF) component with amplitude-frequency information of voltage signal is obtained. The signal energy value constructed by PF component is used as the input of BP neural network to identify and classify the voltage disturbance signal. Experiments on four typical voltage disturbance signals show that the signal classifiers based on ILMD and BP neural networks have high accuracy and good working efficiency for the recognition and classification of voltage disturbance signals.
Triple-crossing number and moves on triple-crossing link diagrams
Authors: Adams Colin , Hoste Jim , Palmer Martin
Published: August 2019

Every link in the 3-sphere has a projection to the plane where the only singularities are pairwise transverse triple points. The associated diagram, with height information at each triple point, is a triple-crossing diagram of the link. We give a set of diagrammatic moves on triple-crossing diagrams analogous to the Reidemeister moves on ordinary diagrams. The existence of [Formula: see text]-crossing diagrams for every [Formula: see text] greater than one allows the definition of the [Formula: see text]-crossing number. We prove that for any nontrivial, nonsplit link, other than the Hopf link, its triple-crossing number is strictly greater than its quintuple-crossing number.
Seven View Points and Reliability Engineering Scheme for Preventing Reliability Problems
Authors: Suzuki Kazuyuki , Yokogawa Shinji
Published: August 2019

We must make every effort to prevent serious problems of reliability and safety. The key to such prevention is “prediction”. There are two approaches to prediction: induction and deduction. The inductive approach includes (1) sharing experiences and histories, (2) abstracting and generalizing individual problems, and (3) utilizing incident information. The deductive approach is based on scientific theory and engineering technology. And these two approaches are integrated by seven viewpoints for prediction: purpose (required functions), mechanisms needed to achieve required functions, input items, internal & external stresses, failure mechanism, failure mode & top event mode, and effect. Focusing on these seven viewpoints, a procedure for preventing problems and a new reliability engineering scheme are proposed.
Packet Transport Network Recovery System with Examination of Data Transmission Quality
Authors: Suzuki Toshiaki , Kubo Hiroyuki , Hoshihara Hayato , Ogawa Taro
Published: August 2019

A packet transport network recovery system based on failure pattern under examination of transmission quality is proposed. Network failures are segmented into one of the three patterns: single failure of a node, failures of multiple nodes, and failures of multiple network areas. The single failure is recovered by a protection scheme. For failures of multiple nodes or multiple areas, recovery is performed by a node-based multiple-backup operation plane scheme or by an area-based multiple-back operation plane scheme, respectively. A unique recovery ID is assigned to each failure pattern and backup paths with the recovery ID are stored in each node. When network failures occur, the network management server determines the type of failure and sends the appropriate recovery ID to the nodes. Then recovery paths are configured. Our proposed system took about 0.5[Formula: see text]s to configure 1000 backup paths after failures were detected, compared to about 4[Formula: see text]s by a conventional scheme. For the examination of data transmission quality, multiple paths that do not share the same link are grouped and configured concurrently. The number of groups is regarded as the performance of the configuration. The performance of the proposed system is about three times faster than a configuration without grouping.
Materialized View Selection for Query Performance Enhancement Using Stochastic Ranking Based Cuckoo Search Algorithm
Authors: Gosain Anjana , Sachdeva Kavita
Published: August 2019

Materialized view selection (MVS) improves the query processing efficiency and performance for making decisions effectively in a data warehouse. This problem is NP-hard and constrained optimization problem which involves space and cost constraint. Various optimization algorithms have been proposed in literature for optimal selection of materialized views. Few works exist for handling the constraints in MVS. In this study, authors have proposed the Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA) for optimization and Stochastic Ranking (SR) for handling the constraints in solving the MVS problem. The motivation behind integrating CS with SR is that fewer parameters have to be fine tuned in CS algorithm than in genetic and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm and the ranking method of SR handles the constraints effectively. For proving the efficiency and performance of our proposed algorithm Stochastic Ranking based Cuckoo Search Algorithm for Materialized View Selection (SRCSAMVS), it has been compared with PSO, genetic algorithm and the constrained evolutionary optimization algorithm proposed by Yu et al. SRCSAMVS outperforms in terms of query processing cost and scalability of the problem.
Some homological properties of generalized local cohomology modules
Authors: Irani Yavar , Bahmanpour Kamal , Ghasemi Ghader
Published: August 2019

Let [Formula: see text] be a Noetherian local ring and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] be two finitely generated [Formula: see text]-modules. In this paper, it is shown that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for each [Formula: see text] and each integer [Formula: see text]. In particular, if [Formula: see text] then [Formula: see text]. Moreover, some applications of these results will be included.
Mixed threefolds isogenous to a product
Authors: Gleissner Christian
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we study threefolds isogenous to a product of mixed type i.e. quotients of a product of three compact Riemann surfaces [Formula: see text] of genus at least two by the action of a finite group [Formula: see text], which is free, but not diagonal. In particular, we are interested in the systematic construction and classification of these varieties. Our main result is the full classification of threefolds isogenous to a product of mixed type with [Formula: see text] in the absolutely faithful case, i.e. any automorphism in [Formula: see text], which restricts to the trivial element in [Formula: see text] for some [Formula: see text], is the identity on the product. Since the holomorphic Euler–Poincaré-characteristic of a smooth threefold of general type with ample canonical class is always negative, these examples lie on the boundary, in the sense of threefold geography. To achieve our result we use techniques from computational group theory. Indeed, we develop a MAGMA algorithm to classify these threefolds for any given value of [Formula: see text] in the absolutely faithful case.
Effectiveness of Domain-Based Lexicons vis-à-vis General Lexicon for Aspect-Level Sentiment Analysis: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Yadav Madan Lal , Roychoudhury Basav
Published: August 2019

One can either use machine learning techniques or lexicons to undertake sentiment analysis. Machine learning techniques include text classification algorithms like SVM, naive Bayes, decision tree or logistic regression, whereas lexicon-based sentiment analysis uses either general or domain-based lexicons. In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of domain lexicons vis-à-vis general lexicon, wherein we have performed aspect-level sentiment analysis on data from three different domains, viz. car, guitar and book. While it is intuitive that domain lexicons will always perform better than general lexicons, the actual performance however may depend on the richness of the concerned domain lexicon as well as the text analysed. We used the general lexicon SentiWordNet and the corresponding domain lexicons in the aforesaid domains to compare their relative performances. The results indicate that domain lexicon used along with general lexicon performs better as compared to general lexicon or domain lexicon, when used alone. They also suggest that the performance of domain lexicons depends on the text content; and also on whether the language involves technical or non-technical words in the concerned domain. This paper makes a case for development of domain lexicons across various domains for improved performance, while gathering that they might not always perform better. It further highlights that the importance of general lexicons cannot be underestimated — the best results for aspect-level sentiment analysis are obtained, as per this paper, when both the domain and general lexicons are used side by side.
Inverse Estimation of Cooling Heat Flux in Spray Cooling of Hot Surface Based on Dual-Phase-Lag Model
Authors: Chen Wen-Lih , Liu Kuo-Chi , Yang Yu-Ching , Lee Haw-Long , Chang Win-Jin
Published: August 2019

An inverse analysis technique based on the conjugate gradient method (CGM) and the discrepancy principle is employed to estimate the time-wise variation of the unknown cooling heat flux in the spray cooling of a hot surface. In contrast to previous studies, the heat conduction equation of the cooled surface is formulated using a dual-phase-lag (DPL) model. In addition, no assumptions are made regarding the functional form of the cooling heat flux. The simulation data required to conduct the inverse analysis are generated by adding random errors to the calculated exact temperatures at the boundaries and interior of the hot body. The validity of the inverse solutions is demonstrated numerically by means of two illustrative examples. Moreover, the sensitivity of the estimation results to the measurement error and measurement location is systematically explored. Overall, the results show that the proposed method provides a robust and accurate approach for estimating the unknown time-dependent cooling heat flux in typical industrial spray cooling applications.
Numerical Solution of Second-Order Linear Delay Differential and Integro-Differential Equations by Using Taylor Collocation Method
Authors: Bellour A. , Bousselsal M. , Laib H.
Published: August 2019

The main purpose of this work is to provide a numerical approach for linear second-order differential and integro-differential equations with constant delay. An algorithm based on the use of Taylor polynomials is developed to construct a collocation solution [Formula: see text] for approximating the solution of second-order linear DDEs and DIDEs. It is shown that this algorithm is convergent. Some numerical examples are included to demonstrate the validity of this algorithm.
Finite p-Groups Whose Number of Subgroups of Each Order Is at most p4
Authors: Wang Lifang
Published: August 2019

Assume G is a group of order pn, where p is an odd prime. Let sk(G) denote the number of subgroups of order pk of G. We give a criterion for a p-group to be with [Formula: see text] for each integer k satisfying [Formula: see text]. Moreover, such p-groups are classified.
On an Algebra Structure on the Hochschild Homology of Simply Connected Topological Space
Authors: Tcheka Calvin
Published: August 2019

In this note, we use the pairing induced by the interchange map in conjunction with the strongly homotopy commutative algebra structure to define products on the Eilenberg–Moore differential Tor and give a simplified proof of an improved outcome of Jones’s result due to Ndombol and Thomas. As a result, we establish an isomorphism of graded algebras between the Hochschild homology and the free loop space cohomology of a simply connected topological space.
Acid–base controllable singlet oxygen generation in supramolecular porphyrin–gold nanoparticle composites tethered by rotaxane linkers
Authors: Shinohara Akira , Pan Chengjun , Wang Lei , Shinmori Hideyuki
Published: August 2019

Mechanically-interlocked photosensitizer–quencher systems based on free-base tetraphenylporphyrin (H2TPP)–gold nanoparticle (AuNP) composites has been designed and synthesized by utilizing a rotaxane architecture comprised of secondary ammonium and crown ether subunit. The H2TPP-substituted 24-crown-8 was able to shuttle along the alkanethiolate axle, triggered by deprotonation/protonation at the ammonium station, altering the H2TPP–AuNP distance and the photoexcitation energy transfer efficiency. Upon switching, quantum yields for photosensitized singlet oxygen (1O[Formula: see text] generation and fluorescence after deprotonation were quenched by 46% and 42%, respectively. External environment-responsive1O2generation based on such a protonation/deprotonation-driven molecular switch is potentially advantageous for a variety of applications including photodynamic therapies.
Option pricing in a subdiffusive constant elasticity of variance (CEV) model
Authors: Tong Kevin Z. , Liu Allen
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we extend the classical constant elasticity of variance (CEV) model to a subdiffusive CEV model, where the underlying CEV process is time changed by an inverse [Formula: see text]-stable subordinator. The new model can capture the subdiffusive characteristics of financial markets. We find the corresponding fractional Fokker–Planck equation governing the PDF of the new process. We also derive the analytical formula for option prices in terms of eigenfunction expansion. This method avoids the evaluation of PDF of an inverse [Formula: see text]-stable variable and also eliminates the need for numerical integration to calculate the option prices. We numerically investigate the sensitivities of the option prices to the key parameters of the newly developed model.