bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of dental therapy students regarding the teaching and training with dental amalgam, in a dental school in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Bissoon Sharmila , Moodley Rajeshree
Published: July 2021

Dental amalgam has been used as a restorative material in dentistry for the past 150 years. This material has been used to restore posterior teeth throughout the world and is also used in South Africa. Dental amalgam has been the material of choice for patients presenting with large tooth decay areas, including the loss of cuspal areas. The reason for this is that dental amalgam was always considered strong and durable. Compared to alternate dental materials, this material could also withstand the significant forces associated with chewing and biting. Dental amalgam is also considered more cost-effective than alternate dental materials such as conventional glass ionomers, resin-modified glass ionomers, resin composite and ceramic restorations, making it more feasible and material of choice in lower economic countries, including South Africa.
Integration of complete elemental mass-balanced stoichiometry and aqueous-phase chemistry for bioprocess modelling of liquid and solid waste treatment systems – Part 1: The physico-chemical framework
Authors: CJ Brouckaert  , BM Brouckaert  , GA Ekama
Published: July 2021

Bioprocesses interact with the aqueous environment in which they take place. Currently integrated bioprocess and three-phase (aqueous–gas–solid) multiple strong and weak acid/base system models are being developed for a range of wastewater treatment applications, including anaerobic digestion, biological sulphate reduction, autotrophic denitrification, biological desulphurization and plant-wide wastewater treatment systems. In order to model, measure and control such integrated systems, a thorough understanding of the interaction between the bioprocesses and aqueous-phase multiple strong and weak acid/bases is required.  This first in a series of five papers sets out a conceptual framework and methodology for deriving bioprocess stoichiometric equations. It also introduces the relationship between alkalinity changes in bioprocesses and the underlying reaction stoichiometry, which is a key theme of the series. The second paper develops the stoichiometric equations for the main biological transformations that are important in wastewater treatment. The link between the modelling and measurement frameworks, which uses summary measures such as chemical oxygen demand (COD) and alkalinity, is described in the third and fourth papers. The fifth paper describes an equilibrium aquatic speciation algorithm which can be combined with bioprocess stoichiometry to provide integrated models of wastewater treatment processes.
Proposed approaches to systematic planning of research and monitoring to support a South African inland fisheries policy
Authors: S Hugo  , OLF Weyl
Published: July 2021

A South African inland fisheries policy will depend on a reliable long-term supply of social-ecological data covering freshwater fisheries at a broad geographic scale. Approaches to systematic planning of research and monitoring are demonstrated herein, based on a fishery-independent gillnet dataset covering 44 dams, and geographic information system maps of monthly and annual climate variables, human land use, and road access in a 5 km zone around 442 dams. Generalised linear mixed models were used to determine the covariates of gillnet catch per unit effort. Such covariates are required for a model-based process to select a subset of state-owned dams for a long-term fishery survey programme. The models indicated a monthly climate influence on catch per unit effort and climatic drivers of fish species distributions. However, unexplained variation is overwhelming and precludes a model-based survey design process. Non-hierarchical clustering of 442 dams was then done based on annual climate and human land use variables around dams. The resulting clusters of dams with shared climate and land use characteristics indicates the types of dams that should be selected for monitoring to represent the full range of climate and land use characteristics. Surrounding land use could indicate the socioeconomic characteristics of fisheries, for example, dams that may support subsistence-based communities that require increased research effort. Finally, although primary catchments could be useful for organising national-scale management, land use cover in the 5 km zone around dams varied widely within the respective primary catchments. Beyond these proposed approaches to plan research, this study also reveals various data deficiencies and recommends additional future studies on other possible methods for systematic research planning.
Effects of Aquacultural Practices on the Sediment Characteristics of Certain Type of Earthen Fishponds
Authors: ADEDEJI Adebukola Adenike
Published: July 2021

The effect of aquacultural practices on the bottom sediment quality of six selected earthen fishponds in Ife North Local Government Area of Osun State was investigated for a period of two years. The fishponds were grouped with regard to fertilization practice and water flowage regime into three sets comprising two fertilized non-flow-through ponds (FNF); two fertilized flow-through ponds (FF) and two unfertilized flow-through ponds (NFF). The investigated sediment quality parameters include color and textural composition, salinity parameters, major ions, organic parameters and heavy metals using standard methods. The parameters were not statistically different (P > 0.05) for the three sets of fishponds with the exception of calcium which was significantly available in the fertilized flow-through pond. The fertilized ponds were however richer in nutrient and of better drainage quality than the unfertilized ponds. The parameters with higher mean in the fertilized ponds (FNF and FF) were 16% higher on average and flow-affected parameters were 67% higher on average in the flow-through ponds (FF and NFF), of which 7.00-fold higher lead concentration contributed most to this situation. Of these parameters, cations, anions, micronutrients were found to be of highest mean concentration in fertilized flow-through ponds. However, the presence of significant levels of calcium ions as well as minimal accumulation of clay, silt and nutrients in fertilized flow ponds made this fish culture method most suitable.
Support of State and Private Institutions for Biomedical Start-ups in Russia
Authors: Guseva Olga
Published: July 2021

This paper describes the differences between biomedical start-ups with state support and start-ups with support provided by private market participants in Russia as a country with limited private investments. Based on the sample of Skolkovo biomedical start-ups, we analyse ownership and management characteristics of start-ups as well as the performance of companies supported by these two types of institutions.

To compare start-ups supported from different sources, the sample of biomedical companies is divided into four clusters based on the presence of state and/or private support. The results of cluster characterization indicate that start-ups with different types of support vary significantly in ownership concentration, share of managerial ownership, gender diversity and CEO experience.Although tests for differences among the groups’ mean values showed the insignificance of performance variation among clusters, start-ups with private funding in the sample were mostly smaller-sized companies with fewer patentsand employees. At the same time, start-ups that were supported from both private and state sources performed better on average in the number of employees and patents and the presence of revenue. Although the causal relationship between the type of support and start-up performance is not investigated in this paper, our results suggest the importance of the synergy of state and private support for biomedical start-up performance in Russia.

Besides contributing to the literature on start-up support in emerging markets, this paper is, as far as we know, one of the first academic studies to provide insights into the market of Russian biotech start-ups.
Discovered and Undiscovered Fields of Digital Politics : Mapping Online Political Communication and Online News Media Literature in Hungary
Authors: Bene Márton , Szabó Gabriella
Published: July 2021

The article reviews the main theoretical and empirical contributions about digitalnews media and online political communication in Hungary. Our knowledge synthesis focuses on three specific subfields: citizens, media platforms, and political actors. Representatives of sociology, political communication studies, psychology, and linguistics have responded to the challenges of the internet over the past two decades, which has resulted in truly interdisciplinary accounts of the different aspects of digitalization in Hungary. In terms of methodology, both normative and descriptive approaches have been applied, mostly with single case-study methods. Based on an extensive review of the literature, we assess that since the early 2000s the internet has become the key subject of political communication studies, and that it has erased the boundaries between online and offline spaces. We conclude, however, that despite the richness of the literature on the internet and politics, only a limited number of studies have researched citizens’ activity and provided longitudinal analyses.
The Human embryo : Mapping patients’ ethical decisions in Hungary
Authors: Vicsek Lilla , Sándor Judit , Bauer Zsófia
Published: July 2021

When in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments first appeared in Hungarian legislation, the related experiences and the moral dilemmas of couples who go through these procedures were unknown. Couples have to make a great variety of decisions during the IVF process. In our study, we focus on the journey of the human embryo in IVF treatment through the ethical lenses of women. In order to explore the differences between established ethical and legal frameworks and the perspectives of women who have participated in an IVF procedure in Hungary, we conducted semi-structured interviews. In contrast to the static view of embryos typical to a part of the ethics literature, which also characterizes most established legal frameworks, patients’ view of embryos of interviewees was dynamic: they interpreted embryos in a malleable and constantly changing way. Embryos were perceived differently depending on time, place, and biological characteristics, and primarily in relation to how they could contribute to achieving the goals of treatment. In this article, we also demonstrate that the main ethical framework that the participants in our research evoked in relation to the IVF process was related to the ethics of medical treatment. At the end of the paper we also make an attempt to draw some conclusions that may help ameliorate problems with the current normative ethical and legal framework by incorporating the experiences of women who participate in IVF procedures.
A New Research Agenda: How European Institutions Influence Law-Making in Justice and Home Affairs
Authors: Tacea Angela
Published: July 2021

The article presents a dataset on the legislative procedure in European Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) and a new method of data processeing. The dataset contains information on 529 procedures proposed between January 1998 and December 2017. For each of the legislative proposals, the dataset identifies the main elements of the legislative procedure (e.g., dates, types of procedure, directory codes and subcodes, actors, voting results, amendments, legal basis, etc.) and the changes introduced at each step of the legislative process from the text proposed by the European Commission to the final version published in the Official Journal of the European Union. This information has been gathered using text mining techniques. The dataset is relevant for a broad range of research questions regarding the EU decision-making process in JHA related to the balance of powers between European institutional actors and their capacity to influence the legislative outputs.
Agencies’ Reputational Game in an Evolving Environment: Europol and the European Parliament
Authors: Piquet Agathe
Published: July 2021

With European Union agencies becoming increasingly significant actors in European governance, further research is needed to understand how they interact with their environment. Applying the ‘reputation’ literature to Europol, this article examines in greater detail how agencies behave with their ‘informal’ audiences in comparison with the formal ones. It demonstrates that agencies are deeply invested in the shaping of their reputation, including towards their informal audiences especially if the latter represent ‘reputational threats.’ Based on a quantitative analysis of activity reports and on a qualitative study of the face-to-face engagements of Europol with the European Parliament over time, this research sheds light on the complementary communicative strategies agencies can use to (re)present themselves depending on the dimension of their reputation at stake.
Perpetrator’s Age: A Condition or Grounds for Criminal Liability?
Authors: Trapaidze K. Z.
Published: July 2021

The need for Article 19 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, containing “general conditions of criminal liability“, is not specifically discussed in the literature. Meanwhile, in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (Art. 8) there is another, more widespread concept, namely “grounds for criminal liability”. This work aims at defining the correlation between these concepts. Using linguistic, comparative legal and historical legal methods, the author concludes that these concepts are identical. At the same time, the inclusion of mandatory component elements, such as subject of a crime, in the general conditions of criminal liability is capable of leveling the importance of corpus delicti as the only and sufficient basis for criminal liability. The paper formulates a proposal to abandon the concept of “general conditions of criminal liability” and to replace it in theory and practice, as well as in the title of Art. 19 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation with “features of a person subject to criminal responsibility”.
Legal Aspects of Export Control over the Movement of Arms and Military and Dual-Use Products in the European Union: Current State and Problematic Issues
Authors: Slepak V. Yu. , Romanova M. E.
Published: July 2021

The paper explores the issues of export control, their regulation in the law of the European Union; considerable attention is given to differences in the status of military and dual-use goods. Approaches to the harmonization of export of weapons regulation, as well as to the unification of legal provisions on the export of dual-use goods are considered. An analysis of acts of primary and secondary law governing both the movement of military and dual-use goods within the European Union and their export to third countries is carried out. The authors conclude that the European legislator uses similar mechanisms, which allows us to speak about the formation of a unified model of legal regulation in the areas under consideration. Particular attention is given to the procedure for obtaining licenses and permits within the framework of export control to the EU. The paper scrutinizes the characteristic features of customs declaration for military and dual-use goods export, and specifically analyses the procedure and grounds for the suspension of the release of such goods. The paper also discusses the features of checking permits and licenses when exporting military and dual-use goods.
Legitimization of Gender-Based Violence Through Media
Authors: Koç Nur Emine , Tunalı Asena
Published: July 2021

Violence is a problematic phenomenon that has a global impact on both individuals and societies. From the reporting aspect of the news to the composition of television programs, violence has taken over the media. Considering the forms of violence in both social media and mainstream media, the use of language is observed to resemble a favor to the ones who commit these acts of violence, not the ones who are subject to it. Accessibility of the events occurring at any given moment within or outside of the border of individuals and the changing realities is a necessity. All these changes in our daily lives cause paradigm shifts, change the way we live, act, or understand for better or for worse as we are exposed. Media and the news, the prominent mediums of this exposure to life, manifest our current way of thinking and also play a significant role in creating the mindset that is determined to have been socially down the line. In this study, femicide cases that have drawn attention, under the spotlight of mainstream media and social media journalism from 2009 to 2020, providing a platform for individuals to report real-life events amateurly, and adopted the use of language by mainstream media and social media journalists, will be analyzed using content analysis method. Moreover, changes in the use of language adopted by mainstream media and the effects of these uses in the scope of the way we live, act, or understand will be argued.
Towards a Single Culture in Cross-Cultural Communication: Digital Culture
Authors: Uçak Olcay
Published: July 2021

Culture is a multifaceted, complex process which consists of knowledge, art, morals, customs, skills and habits. Based on this point of view of Tylor, we can say that the culture is the human in the society, his learning styles and the technical or artistic products that originate from these learning styles, in other words, the content. In antropology it is argued that when the concept of culture is considered as a component in a social system, the combination of the social and cultural areas form the socio-cultural system. Approaches that handle culture within the socio-cultural system are functionalism (Malinowski), structural-functionalism (Radliffe-Brown), historical-extensionist (Kluckhohn, Krober), environmental adaptive (White), while the approaches that treat culture as a system of thought are cognitive (Goodenough), structural (Levi Strauss) and symbolic (Geertz) approaches. In addition to these approaches that evaluate cultures specific to communities, another definition is made according to the learning time: Margeret Mead, Cofigurative Culture. In order to evaluate today’s societies in terms of culture, we are observing a new culture which has cofigurative features under the influence of convergent technologies (mobile, cloud technology, robots, virtual reality): Digital Culture. This study aims to discuss the characteristics of the digital culture, which is observed after the theoretic approaches that define different cultures in cross-cultural communication (Hofstede’s Cultural Dimension and Cofigurative Culture) and called as network society by Manual Castells and accelerated during the Covid19 pandemic, in other words the common communication culture. Common cultural features will be studied through methods of semiology and text analysis upon digital contents which are starting to take hold of cross-cultural communication, a comparison between cross-cultural communication and communicative ecology will be made, the alteration in the cultural features of the society will be examined via visual and written findings obtained.
A Critical Reading on the Visual Production of Infodemic
Authors: Narmanlıoğlu Haldun , Çelimli Azime Ayşenur
Published: July 2021

The problematic relationship between communication technologies and information is among the essential discussion topics of the academy. Concepts such as information bombardment, disinformation, and misinformation refer to incorrect, distorted, and corrupt information disseminated by means of communication. Unhealthy information and knowledge are seen as the biggest obstacle to the formation of a healthy public opinion. In the Covid 19 epidemic, which affects the whole world, the relationship between communication tools and information has come to the fore again. An "infodemic," which can be defined as "false, distorted information epidemic/pandemic," describes the truly distant information flowing to the public about the Covid 19 pandemic through different communication tools. On the other hand, today, visual images have become the most crucial source in disseminating information and the production of meaning. With digitalization, our daily life is shaped by an image-filled culture surrounded by artificial visuals more than ever before. The curiosity of this work is "How is infodemic produced through visual images?" It is based on the question. For this purpose, Twitter has been chosen as the research universe of important social networking sites. The study showed how the infodemia spread about Covid 19 vaccine in Turkey was produced visually on Twitter and analyzed with content analysis. The critical visual literacy method proposed by Douglas Kellner was adopted for analysis. In line with the suggestion of Kellner, the political, ideological, religious, and so on semantic load has been tried to be interpreted.
A Research Study on the Public Relations & Publicity and Advertising Students Accreditation Perception Within the Scope of Quality Management
Authors: Çevik Çedikçi Tuğçe , Yıldırım Gonca
Published: July 2021

Everything rapidly changes in economic, political, social, and cultural terms during this information and communication era. In this context, higher education institutions need to improve and renew their educationtraining systems and administrative mentalities to meet today’s and future necessities. Therefore, Total Quality Management (TQM), which is meeting the necessities of internal and external stakeholders with the participation of all employees under increasing competitive pressure, has lately started to be included in the administrative mentalities of higher education institutions. In this regard, accreditation processes become part of sustaining the quality by improving and auditing its compliance with various standards and rules. This study examined accreditation perceptions of students of the Advertising program that was in the process of accreditation, and Public Relations and Publicity Program accredited by the ILEDAK, the authorized organization in the accreditation evaluations of the communications faculties in Turkey. This study aimed to compare the accreditation perceptions of students from two different departments, one of which was accredited within the scope of TQM and the other wasn’t. Since accreditation processes in the communication faculties just started a few years ago, no manuscript was written on the perception of accreditation in this field. This study is one of the first studies conducted on Public Relations and Advertising Programs in Turkey, making it authentic and more important compared to other studies. This study was based on the data of a questionnaire performed on 261 students reached through the convenience sampling method. Accreditation perceptions of the students studying in Public Relations and Publicity program that was accredited were higher compared to students of the Advertising program that was not accredited, and surprisingly, Advertising students had higher awareness related to this subject.
Negative Factors in Corporate Reporting of a University: Kütahya Dumlupınar University Sample
Authors: Erkal Abdi
Published: July 2021

In this study, it was aimed to determine the reasons why the Press and Public Relations Consultancy of the Kütahya Dumlupınar University, which prepared the corporate news of university, could not reach a concrete standard in its contents and to show how these problems can be overcome. In the study, on-site observation technique was used and the data were obtained thanks to the author's being a consultancy employee. According to these data, it has been determined that the problems that harm to corporate reporting are experienced during the acquisition, preparation and distribution of texts. Based on the data obtained, the problems of the university in corporate reporting are as follows: The lack of an infrastructure that will provide awareness about corporate communication in the institution; As a result, it does not raise the expectation of corporate reporting. Finally, the corporate identity standards that will be the basis for corporate reporting have not been determined. It was concluded that Kütahya Dumlupınar University should initiate a corporate identity study targeting corporate reporting based on certain standards in order to solve the aforementioned problem.
Change of Public Sphere and Forms of Communication with Virtual Reality: The Case of Vtime From Turkey
Authors: Demir Selin Kiraz
Published: July 2021

Today, the development of technology has brought about the creation of new environments in the field of communication. In this context, it can be said that virtual technologies have started to be used in many areas from education to health, from sports to cinema. Virtual reality is a process in which the real and the unreal are fictionalized and brought together through virtually created place. In the virtual reality environment, it can be said that individuals experience the feeling of being there. In this context, virtual reality platforms, which can make the sense of reality feel close, especially in situations where physical proximity is not possible, is one of the important steps in the field of communication. This study aims to investigate the effects of technology in the field of communication by realizing a communication experience via vTime, a virtual reality platform created by a UK-based team. In this direction, the potential of virtual reality environments to create a public sphere is one of the points emphasized by the research. In the study, 5 Turkish people who were brought together on the vTime virtual reality platform were included in a conversation with virtual reality tools. These people were asked questions about their instantaneous experiences in the virtual reality environment and their thoughts on this technology by interview method. By analyzing the answers given, the possibilities of using virtual reality platforms as a communication tool today and in the near future were tried to be revealed.
Cultural Studies and Space in Contemporary Narratives
Authors: Barros Grela Eduardo
Published: July 2021

Este volumen es el resultado de una iniciativa con la que se pretende dar mayor protagonismo investigador al alumnado de posgrado en el ámbito humanístico. Durante el periodo comprendido entre 2016 y 2021, un grupo de estudiantes de Filología pusieron en marcha un grupo de discusión y debate en el que se trataron en reuniones periódicas temas relacionados con las políticas de identidad, de comunidad y de sociedad atendiendo a las formas discursivas en las que aparecían representados. El resultado de esas conversaciones fue la organización de tres ediciones del Congreso de Estudios Culturales y Narrativas Alternativas, así como la publicación de este volumen. Es preciso, por lo tanto, agradecer el empuje, la motivación y el interés de cada unx de lxs autorxs de este volumen colectivo, así como el de todxs lxs participantes del grupo. También agradecemos la
FARKLI NERGİS KÜLTÜR ÇEŞİTLERİ SOĞANLARININ IN VITRO ANTİOKSİDAN, ASETİLKOLİNESTERAZ ve BÜTİRİLKOLİNESTERAZ AKTİVİTELERİ
Authors: ERÖZ POYRAZ İlham , KIYAN Hülya Tuba , ZEYBEKOĞLU Emrah , ÖZZAMBAK Mustafa Ercan , ÖZTÜRK Nilgün
Published: July 2021

Asetilkolinesteraz (AChE) ve bütirilkolinesteraz (BChE) inhibisyonu, beyinde β-amiloit birikimini azaltmak ve asetilkolin kullanımını artırmada, yani Alzheimer hastalığının (AD) tedavisinde önemli hedeflerden biridir. Oksidatif stres nedeniyle oluşan serbest radikallerin beyinde nöron ve metal akümülasyonuna verdiği hasar AD’nin patojeneziyle doğrudan ilişkilidir. Amaryllidaceae familyası üyelerinin (Galanthus, Leucojum v.b.) içerdiği galantamin, senile demansın tedavisinde kullanılan AChE inhibitörlerinden biridir. Bu çalışmada, bu familyanın üyesi nergis (Narcissus L.) kültür çeşitlerinin soğanlarına ait metanol:kloroform (1:1 (v:v)) ekstrelerinin, toplam fenolik madde ve polifenol içerikleri belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca ekstrelerin in vitro antioksidan aktiviteleri, AChE ve BChEe inhibisyonları ile Alzheimer tedavisi arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Ekstrelerin toplam fenolik madde miktarları 20.78 ± 0.25 ile 57.97 ± 0.49 mg gallik asit eşdeğeri (GAE)/g ekstre olarak tespit edilmiş, toplam fenolik madde miktarı bakımından en zengin kültür çeşidinin ‘Golden Ducat’ olduğu görülmüştür. Yüksek Basınçlı Sıvı Kromatografisi-Diyod Dizisi Dedektörü (DDD) ile çeşitlere göre belirlenen fenolik asitler, ‘Golden Ducat’, gallik asit ve protokateşik asit; ‘Golden Harvest’, para-hidroksibenzoik asit; ‘Carlton’, klorojenik asit; ‘Cheerfulnes’, para-kumarik asit; ‘Einstein’, ferulik asit şeklindedir. DPPH radikal süpürücü etki açısından ‘Einstein’ kültür çeşidinin inhibisyon değeri 23.65 ± 0.73 (9.6 × 10-4 derişimde), ‘Cheerfulnes’ kültür çeşidinin inhibisyon değeri 26.69 ± 1.04 (1.8 × 10-3 derişimde) ve 28.51 ± 0.1 (3.6 × 10-3 derişimde) olarak bulunmuştur. ‘Carlton’ kültür çeşidinden elde edilen ekstre 0.2 mg/mL derişimde %14.61 ile en yüksek metal şelatlayıcı antioksidan etki göstermiştir (Etilendiamin Tetraasetik Asit (EDTA): 77.84). ‘Strong Gold’ çeşidi ekstresi 1.19 (mg/mL) %50 Etkili Derişim (EC50) değeri ile indirgeyici güç ölçümünde diğer türlere göre daha yüksek etki göstermiştir (Bütil Hidroksi Toluen (BHT)’nin %50 Etkili Derişimi (EC50): 0.21), askorbik asit EC50: 0.094). AChE’nin inhibitor etkisi, ‘Tête-à-Tête’ kültür çeşidi, 200 µg/mL derişimde %53.36 (aynı derişimde donepezil % 92.077) olarak bulunmuştur. BChE inhibitör etki tayininde ise yine ‘Tête-à-Tête’ kültür çeşidi 200 µg/mL derişimde %30.25 ve 100 µg/mL derişimde %26.8 inhibisyon göstermiştir.
Bacteriological profile and antibiogram of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with respiratory tractinfections at a tertiary care Hospital
Authors: Padmaja Nesegopu , Rao Venkateswara
Published: July 2021

Chronic respiratory diseases account for 4 million deaths annually, and it is one of the most common health issues globally. The present study aims to determine bacterial isolates and their sensitivity pattern as the emergence of antibiotic resistance in the frequently isolated pathogens has complicated the use of empiric therapy with traditional agents.

BAL fluid samples of patients with respiratory infections undergoing bronchoscopy in KIMS Hospital, Amalapuram, were collected under aseptic conditions and processed according to standard protocol over 15 months, from July 2018 to October 2019. The antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines.

Out of 135 samples, 52(58%) were positive for growth. Of these, 49 were bacterial isolates, and 3 were fungal isolates. The highest isolation rate was observed in the 51-60 yrs age group followed by 61-70 yrs. The common organisms isolated were GNB, predominant being Klebsiella pneumoniae 30(61%), followed by Pseudomonas 15(30%) and E.coli 4(8%). Resistance to allcephalosporins and sensitivity to amikacin followed by piperacillin-tazobactam and other aminoglycosides were noted.

BAL has improved sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of respiratory infections. An updated antibiogram and monitoring of bacterial isolates and other susceptibility is attributed to antibiotic resistance and the changing pattern of bacterial pathogens.
Bacteriological profile of pyoderma and its antibiotic sensitivity pattern in a tertiary care hospital in North Karnataka
Authors: Doddamani Praveen Kumar , Biradar Sunilkumar , Nigudgi Amaresh , Kadaganchi Chandrashekar
Published: July 2021

Pyoderma is one of the common skin condition seen in dermatological OPD. Pyoderma are purulent infections of skin and its appendages mainly caused by various bacteria. Pyoderma could be primary or secondary to other conditions such as impetigo, carbuncle, folliculitis & others.

Two sterile swabs collected from the lesions each for Gram staining and culture. Culture done on sheep blood agar and MacConkey agar & incubated at 37C. Identification done by colony morphology, repeat gram staining & biochemical tests. Antibiotic sensitivity testing of Isolates done by Kirby bauer disc diffusion testing following CLSI guidelines.

Of 315 cases diagnosed clinically as Pyoderma only 295 were culture positive. 59% of cases were primary type and impetigo was the most common type. Males were affected more than females in ratio 1.56:1. was found to be the most common cause of Pyoderma followed by and streptococcus pyogenes in gram positive bacteria. In gram negative bacteria is most common followed by The major associated risk factors for causation of Pyoderma were found to be Malnutrition (35%) followed by Diabetes (16.5%), Hypertension (6.3%) & multiple comorbidities found in 12.6% of cases. However in 94 cases (30%) no associated factors detected.

Pyoderma mainly affects males than females with 10-30yrs being the most common age group affected. is the most common causative agent. Antibiotic sensitivity testing is mandatory to treat effectively & control drug resistance.
Bacteriological profile of clinical isolates in cancer patients with febrile neutropenia in a tertiary care hospital in Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Vara Aarthi , Prathyusha Y Hyma , Suguneswari G
Published: July 2021

In cancer patients, infection is the most significant and continuous problem. This study was done to show the spectrum of bacteria and sites of isolation in febrile neutropenic cancer patients.

A 1-year study of all isolates was conducted from various sites in our hospital. All the samples were processed, and isolates were identified as per CLSI guidelines.

The commonest organism isolated was Escherichia coli among Gram negative organisms and Staphylococcus aureus among Gram positive organism. Out of 76 isolates 49 were Gram negative and 27 were Gram positive.

The pattern of infectious agents has changed in neutropenic patients over time and this postulates the need of other studies to give the most up to date insight of the causative organism to the physician.
Screening plants for medicines against & species infections
Authors: Shelke Rahul Rajendra , Chavan Meera
Published: July 2021

species are multi drug resistant bacteria. These bacteria are resistant to number of antimicrobial agents. The research work was aimed at killing and inhibiting the growth of these multi drug resistant pathogens, by using phytochemicals. The phytochemicals are secondary metabolites produced by plants. According to WHO medicinal plants are best products for maintaining human health. Plants like (Behada)and (Chndan) found to be the most effective against all isolated multi drug resistant species and species. 20 pathogens were isolated on MacConkeys agar plate. Out of these isolates, all isolates showed resistance to the more than two antibiotics. All of them studied for colony morphology, cell morphology, biochemical nature & 16srRNA sequencing. The 10 isolated multi drug resistant were named as K1 to K10. The 10 isolated multi drug resistant were named as P1 to P10.
Asymptomatic COVID 19 infection: An innocent bystander in Mucormycosis or maybe not?
Authors: Paul Liz Mary , Shamsudeen M  , Hameed C P Shahul , Azeez Lubna Abdul , Hussain K N Faris , Navaf K M
Published: July 2021

We report a case of 48 year old male with past medical history of poorly controlled Diabetes mellitus, Chronic Liver Disease-child Pugh B who came with complaints of left frontal headache and left orbital pain. A clinical diagnosis of possible Rhinorbital Mucormycosis was made and further confirmed by potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount from tissue, which showed broad sparsely septate hyphae and fungal culture grew Rhizopus oryzae. Covid 19 infection was detected as an incidental finding on admission to the hospital. The patient was successfully treated with surgical debridement and liposomal Amphotericin B followed by oral Posaconazole.
The Politeness Systems of Address, Variations across Breton Dialects
Authors: Jouitteau Mélanie
Published: July 2021

This paper provides a synthesis of the various address systems in Breton dialects, and their evolution during the last century. It discusses the available data and provides the elicitation results from recent fieldwork. Three distinct address systems are described: hierarchical T–V (plurals are directed to superiors as a V form), gendered T–V (plurals are directed to women and girls as a V form), and non-dual (the once singular marker noted †2SG is missing in all of the paradigms, and the once plural form noted †V is the unique address pronoun and does not realise a formal marker). These systems are mapped to their respective territories of usage and an analysis is offered of the diachronic evolution and the cross-influences of these three systems over the last century. Most of the speakers in the central and southern area are restricted to a unique address pronoun, like Modern English you. This system is gaining ground towards the coasts, where a distinctive T address among male close friends or relatives gives rise to a T–V gendered system like in Welsh (Watkins). In the remaining North and South-East areas, a hierarchical T–V system organised centrally around age and social status is resisting the extension of the central area much more. Evidence is presented for independent subsystems inside both T–V systems: addresses to animals, to clergymen and to God. Occasional inversion of an expected marker serves emotionally charged interactions (aggressive T, hypocoristic V).
Prawne determinanty funkcjonowania aptek ogólnodostępnych a bezpieczeństwo pacjenta
Authors: Mełgieś Katarzyna
Published: July 2021

Nadanie aptece szczególnego statusu prawnego poprzez uznanie jej za placówkę ochrony zdrowia publicznego, w której osoby uprawnione świadczą usługi farmaceutyczne, a także za miejsce sprawowania opieki farmaceutycznej oraz wykonywania zadań zawodowych przez farmaceutów, sytuuje to przedsiębiorstwo w sferze istotnego oddziaływania państwa i jego organów. Nakazuje również stosowanie odmiennych kryteriów oceny działalności tej kategorii przedsiębiorców, a nie jedynie ograniczanie się do kryterium zysku. Zmiana, jaka dokonała się w związku z wejściem w życie ustawy o zawodzie farmaceuty, odnosząca się do zakresu usług i świadczeń zdrowotnych udzielanych przez apteki ogólnodostępne, wzmocniła rolę i zadania apteki jako placówki ochrony zdrowia publicznego, wypełniając lukę w systemie ochrony zdrowia i odpowiadając na jego potrzeby związane z deficytami personelu medycznego oraz przeciążeniem systemu ochrony zdrowia. Tym samym uzasadnione jest pytanie o to, czy bezpieczeństwo pacjenta w tym obszarze zostało zapewnione na odpowiednim poziomie.
Research progress on vesicle cycle and neurological disorders
Authors: Zhang Chengcheng , Zhu Li-Juan , Chen Ce
Published: July 2021

Neurons are special polarized cells whose synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft, acting on postsynaptic receptors and thus transmitting information from presynaptic to postsynaptic states. The integrity of the vesicle cycle is critical to the transmission of neural signals in the brain. According to the molecular mechanism of calcium-triggered release, the assembly of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) is required in the process of synaptic vesicle fusion and vesicle exocytosis. Many delicate steps are required to maintain the dynamic process of ‘release-recycle’, including intermediate processes and the dynamic balance of neurotransmission. Various neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases result from synaptic cycle dysfunction. This review of the relationships between the structure and function of synaptic vesicles in physiological and pathological conditions provides a theoretical basis for synaptic transmission and a novel avenue for the study of synaptic plasticity associated with mood disorders, highlighting potential targets for treating diseases.
The Moderating Effect of Parental Feeding Style in Relation to Familial Psychosocial Risk Factors and Childhood Obesity
Authors: Davodi Azam , Ahadi Anis
Published: July 2021

Background: The prevalence of obesity in children is increasing in the world and it has become one of the major health problems. Parents are the first people who have the opportunity to shape child's eating experiences and habits, including food preferences, attitudes, and eating patterns. This study was conducted to determine the moderating role of parental feeding styles in relation to family psychosocial and social risk factors and childhood obesity in primary school children in 2018-2019 academic year in Shiraz, Iran.
Methods: In this study, 298 children aged 6 to 11 years from primary schools in Shiraz were selected using multistage cluster sampling method. Their parents completed the stress-anxiety-depression scale tool and parenting feeding styles questionnaire. The data were analyzed using simultaneous multiple regression analysis, cluster analysis, and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Results: The results showed that there was a statistically significant correlation between the identified risk factors and child's body mass index (BMI), as well as the variable effect of feeding styles on the child's BMI. The interaction of risk factors on feeding styles indicated that the effect of adjusting feeding styles on childhood obesity was significant due to risk factors.
Conclusion: These findings support the moderating role of parental feeding styles in the development or prevention of childhood obesity.
The Relationship of Dietary Intake of Zinc, Selenium, and Magnesium and Anthropometric Profiles with Depression in Female Medical Students at Zahedan University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Shokati Shahrzad , Kavian Zahra , Shahraki Mansour , Afshari Mona
Published: July 2021

Background: Depression, as the second leading cause of dysfunction, is one of the most common mental health disorders. Given that micronutrients have always played a significant role in all physical and psychological aspects of individuals. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of dietary intake of Selenium, Magnesium, Zinc, and anthropometric profiles with depression in female students at Zahedan University of Medical Science, Zahedan, Iran.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 200 female medical students of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences participated. The amount of dietary intake of Selenium, Magnesium, and Zinc were measured by Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). For determining the depression score, Beck anxiety questionnaire was administered. To analyze the data, SPSS 22 software was used.
Results: The mean of age, body mass index, waist-to hip ratio and waist-to-height ratio were 23.41 ± 2.26 years, 23.54 ± 4.49 kg/m2, 0.85 ± 0.08, and 0.59±0.10, respectively. The mean daily intake of Magnesium, Zinc, and Selenium were 196.37 ± 42.08 mg, 7.38 ± 3.41 mg, and 106.52 ± 31.69 mg, respectively. The mean of depression score was 31.21±10.58. Zinc and Magnesium intake had a significantly strong inverse relationship with depression score and anthropometric indices.
Conclusions: The findings showed that Zinc and Magnesium intake as well as anthropometric indices had a significant inverse relationship with depression score. However, the association between Selenium intake and depression score was not significant.
The Effectiveness of Nutritional Interventions Based on Health Education and Promotion Theories and Models: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ostovarfar Jeyran , Zare Somayeh , Kaveh Mohammad Hossein , Ostovarfar Maral , Eftekharian Fatemeh , Vali Mouhebat
Published: July 2021

Background: The content of nutrition education and the process of behavioral change should be designed based on the principles of educational for achieving behavioral goals. This systematic study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition interventions designed mainly by health educational and promotional theory and models.
Methods: The PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were searched using the following keywords “nutrition behavior” or “food behavior” or “dietary behavior” and “model” or “theory” and “intervention” or “predict” from 2013 up to April 2018 in English Language.
Results: Regarding the inclusion criteria, 25 interventional studies were assessed of 3090 primary screened investigations. Social Cognitive Theory, Empowerment model, Theory of Planned Behavior, and Health Belief Model were mostly used in the investigated studies. Most target groups in these studies were school students and women. In the field of constructs, self-efficacy and attitude mainly applied in studies seem to be the most important for researchers. In the field of educational methods, group educational methods in the forms of lectures, group discussions, and brainstorming were mainly applied by researchers.
Conclusion: To change eating behaviors, the study framework, duration of training, and correct training method should be designed according to the target group as well as appropriate theory and models.
STATE VS. INDIVIDUAL: A CASE STUDY OF HOME FIRE
Authors: Shahzadi Shaista , Hanif Muhammad , Ali Hira , Nazish Mehreen , Akmal Ali Rao
Published: July 2021

Purpose of the study: The main purpose of researching this topic is to discover how the conflict occurs between the state and characters of society, in light of the theological apparatus and interpellation of Althusser by the concept of the novel Home Fire. Methodology: A qualitative approach is used to study Home Fire by Kamala Shamsie in the light of the concept of theological apparatus and interpellation of Althusser. Main Findings: Findings show that In this novel, we see that different ways are used to suppress society like ISA's; moreover, it also includes how the state becomes dominant over people. Many clashes of ideas occur between both—the ideology of Althusser dominant ideas of ISA and RSA and character in Shamsie's Home Fire. Applications of this study: This research contributes to the field of conflict between State and Society literature. Novelty/Originality of this study: The study is one of its kind and helps us understand the concept and contention between society, family, and faith in the modern world.
Russian Polyptoton: Grammatic Form and Rhetorical Content
Authors: Khazagerov Georgy G.
Published: July 2021

The article uses a narrow understanding of polyptoton (repetition of a word in different cases), which goes back to classical rhetoric. This allows to consider the specifics of the polyploton in the Russian language with its developed case system. The Russian polyptoton can be reduced to four types. We distinguish an intensive polyptoton, an extensive polyptoton, a contrasting polyptote and a descriptive set type. All these types express the category of plurality in different ways. A good example of intensive polyploton is biblical phrases like “song of songs”. Such a polyptot is called a genitive superlative. There is also a way of expressing superlativeness in Russian with the help of the instrumental case like дурак дураком. Intensive polyptoton can also express the meaning of reflexivity: слово о словах, каталог каталогов. The extensive type of polyptote coincides with a figure called an epimone. Unlike the other three types of polypoton, it is not associated with binomials and can form a rather long row with a word in different cases. The contrasting polyptoton is the antithesis within one word, as in the Latin proverb: homo homini lupus est. Polyptoton describing a set - a phenomenon not yet studied in Russian grammar. The Russian polyptoton is interesting in that it manifests itself in different inflections. Therefore, the widespread understanding of a polypoton as a repetition of words with one root is not relevant for the Russian language. Russian polyptoton is as far as possible from paranomazia, pun. Its grammatical nature is strongly expressed.