bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diseño de un controlador de intensidad luminosa para una máquina de insolación
Authors: Martínez-Baquero Javier Eduardo , Parrado-Sandoval Elías , Morales-Suarez Luis Enrique
Published: March 2017

El presente documento muestra el diseño de un controlador para una máquina de insolación usada en procesos de fotocurado. Para ello se inició el desarrollo realizando una revisión previa minuciosa a la máquina de insolación existente, y a los procedimientos que se deben llevar a cabo en el laboratorio de estampados, con el fin de comprender el proceso de fotocurado, evaluando las posibilidades de mejora de los equipos en uso. El diseño propuesto para el controlador es un PI, el cual se realizó con herramientas de simulación de Matlab, dando prioridad al tiempo de exposición en el proceso de fotocurado el cual debe ser el mismo para cualquier tipo de tela o malla del bastidor, lo cual permite que la máquina de insolación no requiera ser operada por personal altamente calificado o competente en este arte.
Symbiotic treatment in hospitalized patients: impact on constipation
Authors: Sasso Sandramara , Sanches Fabiane LaFlor Ziegler , Ferreira Rosângela Dos Santos , Guimarães Rita de Cássia Avellaneda
Published: March 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of symbiotic treatment on intestinal function in constipated hospitalized patients. The study where with 24 constipated patients of both sexes in a hospital environment were randomized into two groups to receive maltodextrin (control group) and symbiotic treatment (experimental group) daily for 7 days. In relation to defecation frequency, there was no statistical difference between the groups. The percentage of patients who had no evacuation report in the experimental group decreased on days 1 (66.7%), 4 (41.7%) and 7 (33.3%), while the control group did not show such effect. It was found that symbiotic treatment did not lead to an increase in abdominal symptoms in either the experimental or placebo group. The present study showed that symbiotic treatment for 7 days is insufficient to achieve significant results, especially in defecation frequency and stool consistency and shape.
Análise dos fatores que induzem o consumidor de energia elétrica a utilizar-se de ligações clandestinas e fraudulentas
Authors: Santos Paula Da Silva , Lopes José Carlos de Jesus , Lima Filho Dario De Oliveira , Pompeu Adriano Marinheiro
Published: March 2017

O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar os fatores que motivam alguns consumidores de energia elétrica de Campo Grande, MS, a utilizar-se de ligações clandestinas fraudulentas, consideradas ilegais. Este trabalho justifica-se face ao reconhecimento de que as perdas no sistema elétrico causam prejuízos às empresas operantes do setor e a seus clientes/consumidores, uma vez que os custos dessas ações ilícitas também ocasionam passivos socioambientais, e, para solucionar tais impactos, foram propostas inovações tecnológicas sustentáveis. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, utilizou-se de levantamentos bibliográficos, de revisão documental, bem como de entrevistas. Trata-se de um Estudo de Caso, por aprofundar-se nas perdas avaliadas pela Empresa Energética de Mato Grosso do Sul S/A, em Campo Grande, MS. Os elementos metodológicos permitiram perceber que o comportamento ilegal de uma parcela do consumidor de energia, em Campo Grande, não está exclusivamente associado às ações de consumidores de baixa renda. Constatou-se que as ligações clandestinas e diversas fraudes acontecem em todas as classes sociais, podendo, portanto, ser consideradas, como de ordem cultural do jeitinho brasileiro, que valoriza o ato de pagar menos a conta de energia elétrica em relação ao consumo efetivo, de forma continuada.
Responsabilidade civil por dano ambiental decorrente do rompimento das barragens do Fundão, em Mariana, Minas Gerais
Authors: Filho Hilton Neves , Rezende Daiane Machado , Costa Maria Luiza Santos , Friede Roy Reis
Published: March 2017

O desastre ambiental em Mariana, Minas Gerais, decorrente do rompimento das barragens de rejeitos da Mineradora Samarco, é uma catástrofe sem precedentes face à magnitude de seus efeitos devastadores, quer sejam eles incidentes sobre o conjunto de bens da sociedade civil vitimada, quer sobre o bioma. O fato atrai a responsabilização por dano de todos que, de alguma forma, colaboraram para o evento, sendo necessário demonstrar os agentes, o nexo de causalidade e a legislação aplicável ao caso. Assim, pretende o presente artigo colocar em evidência a responsabilidade civil da mineradora e dos entes estatais envolvidos, cujas condutas, comissivas ou omissivas, contribuíram de alguma forma para o evento que, em 5 de novembro de 2015, culminou no desastre, destruindo por completo o distrito de Bento Rodrigues e impactando, de forma negativa, as populações ribeirinhas, a fauna e a flora do Rio Doce, desde a área de sua eclosão até o Oceano Atlântico.
O embelezamento das cidades sob a ótica da iluminação urbana em fachadas e monumentos históricos
Authors: Oliskovicz Natacha
Published: March 2017

A iluminação urbana passa por vários processos adaptando-se à realidade encontrada atualmente. Antes vista como apenas iluminação pública, hoje a iluminação urbana sugere um conceito mais amplo, pois diz respeito à segurança, ao embelezamento das cidades durante o período noturno. Faz então provocar uma reflexão sobre o tema e no papel que a luz pode desempenhar na identificação e valorização de edifícios históricos. A pesquisa tem, como objetivo geral, pesquisar a iluminação urbana aplicada dentro dos projeto urbanos sob a ótica da iluminação em fachadas e monumentos históricos. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, foi feito um embasamento teórico do trabalho utilizando a revisão bibliográfica e análise de produções científicas relacionadas ao tema. Dessa forma, vale ressaltar, que a luz revela a beleza do cenário urbano noturno, proporcionando efeitos e percepções visuais diferentes daqueles observados durante o dia, resultando em cidades mais atrativas e convidativas aos visitantes e turistas.
Análise fitossociológica de um fragmento de Cerrado em Campo Grande, MS
Authors: Cheung Kwok Chiu , Reis Letícia Koutchin dos , Jesus Carla Cristina Cerezoli de
Published: March 2017

O Cerrado é detentor de imensa riqueza fisionômica e florística, com mais de 6.000 espécies fanerogâmicas registradas, possuindo uma das mais abrangentes floras dentre as savanas mundiais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um levantamento da composição florística em um fragmento do Cerrado e caracterizar suas fisionomias no Instituto São Vicente MS. O método utilizado foi amostragem das espécies de forma randômica, por toda a extensão da borda do fragmento e partes de seu interior. O critério de inclusão foi para espécies com hábito arbóreo, sub-arbóreo e arbustivo. No total foi possível registrar na área 40 famílias, com 94 espécies. Identificaram-se duas fisionomias que predominam na área (cerradão e mata ripária). O fragmento foi caracterizado por possuir áreas em estágio sucessional secundário, ou seja, ainda em processos de regeneração natural.
Estudo de eficiência energética em iluminação em salas de aula
Authors: Loureiro de Almeida Octavio Ferreira , Pompeu Adriano Marinheiro , Riccio Barbosa Andrea Teresa
Published: March 2017

Na atualidade, cada vez mais se faz necessário o desenvolvimento de técnicas e métodos que priorizem ações e práticas sustentáveis. Tal fato se reflete devido à escassez de recursos naturais, ao aumento do consumo de energia pela utilização de novas tecnologias e ao acesso e baixo preço de novos equipamentos elétricos. Nesse contexto, insere-se a preocupação com a utilização consciente da energia elétrica e aproveitamento da iluminação natural. Metodologias existentes em diversos países podem ser avaliadas por certificações e normas, evidenciando que a eficiência energética pode ser obtida com a redução do consumo de energia por meio de equipamentos mais eficientes, análises mais detalhadas das instalações e com a mudança no comportamento das pessoas quanto à utilização da energia elétrica. Este trabalho descreve um estudo de Eficiência Energética (EE) realizado em iluminação artificial e natural de algumas salas de aula em um Instituto de Ensino Superior em Campo Grande, MS, descrevendo e discutindo a eficiência técnica através de índices luminotécnicos perante os órgãos competentes como: Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas – Norma Brasileira e Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ABNT – NBR e ANVISA) simulando gastos monetários reais da iluminação das salas de aula. Como resultado, geraram-se diretrizes e análises para um projeto de EE com previsões de novos gastos com comparativos dos investimentos para atingir EE na iluminação.
Paraná: escravização, região, conflitos nas relações sociais – Campos Gerais (século XIX)
Authors: De Oliveira Oseias , Rodrigues Neide Dos Santos
Published: March 2017

Mesmo que, no imaginário do Paraná, persista a ideia de que sua formação é resultado da imigração europeia, sabemos que ele não fugiu à regra do Brasil: seu desenvolvimento teve relevante participação de escravizados africanos e seus descendentes. A História do Paraná, que é a história daqueles que construíram esse Estado, invisibilizou a contribuição dos negros e, por consequência, as relações sociais entre senhores e escravizados. Foi muito importante a utilização de documentos jurídicos, em nossa pesquisa – principalmente o processo-crime – para entender como se davam essas relações. Fundamentados em Michel de Certeau quando fala sobre organização de espaço e delimitação de um campo, campo esse simbólico, construído pelos escravizados ao ocuparem lugares, desempenhando papéis, tornando-os sujeitos sociais, nosso intuito é enfatizar as relações sociais, muitas vezes conflitantes, entre escravizados e escravizadores no Paraná, nos Campos Gerais do século XIX, bem como o significado da região nesse contexto.
Effects of sarang semut (Myrmecodia Pendens Merr. & Perry) extracts on Enterococcus faecalis sensitivity
Authors: Soraya Cut , Dharsono Hendra Dian Adhyta , Aripin Dudi , Satari Mieke H , Kurnia Dikdik , Hilmanto Danny
Published: March 2017

Background: Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is a gram positive oral pathogen that reported at the main agent infection of endodontic treatment. Its activities are influenced by the virulence factors facilitating the interaction process between agents with host cells. Like aggregation substance, cytolysin, extracellular superoxide, gelatinase, hyaluronidase, sex pheromones, and surface adhesions molecules. Plant extracts are reported as the material antibacterial as well as E. faecalis in pathogenesis of endodontic infections. Purpose: Purpose of this study was to analyse of sarang semut extracts (Myrmecodia Pendens Merr. & Perry) towards sensitivity of E. faecalis. Method: This research used the methanol extract of sarang semut, E. faecalis ATCC 29212, and fosfomycin also chlorhexidine as the positive controls. Whereas, Bradford protein method was measured the concentration of the surface protein of E. faecalis and active component of the sarang semut extract. Result: Generally, the sarang semut extract possessed low sensitivity toward E. faecalis (≤ 13 mm), but on the concentrations of 100 µg/ml and 75 µg/ml better than inhibition of other concentrations, round 10.6-11.6 (mm). Specifically, on 100 µg/ml has indicator the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) on E. faecalis. Whereas minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) on the concentration of 3,125 µg/ml. Conclusion: Based on MBC and MIC assay, the extract of sarang semut has potential effects to adherence growth of E. faecalis, mainly on the highest concentration 100 µg/ml also MIC on 3,125 µg/ ml.
Contemporary guided bone regeneration therapy for unaesthetic anterior peri-implantitis case
Authors: Sulijaya Benso , Kuswandani Sandra Olivia , Soeroso Yuniarti
Published: March 2017

Background: Dental implant is one of an alternative solutions reconstruction therapy for missing teeth. Complication of dental implant could occurs and leading to implant failure. In order to restore the complication, surgical treatment with guided bone regeneration (GBR) is indicated. The potential use of bone substitutes is widely known to be able to regenerate the bone surrounding the implant and maintain bone volume. Purpose: The study aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of implant-bone fully coverage by using sandwich technique of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and demineralized freeze-dried bone allografts (DFDBA) bone substitutes combined with collagen resorbable membrane. Case: A 24-year-old male came with diagnosis of peri-implantitis on implant #11. Clinical finding indicated that implant thread was exposed on the labial aspect. Case management: After initial therapy including oral hygiene improvement performed, an operator did a contemporary GBR to correct the defect. Bone graft materials used were 40% β-tri calcium phosphate (β-TCP)-60% hydroxyapatite (HA) on the outer layer and DFDBA on the inner layer of the defect. Resorbable collagen membrane was used to cover the graft. Conclusion: GBR with sandwich technique could serve as one of the treatment choices for correcting an exposed anterior implant that would enhance the successful aesthetic outcome.
Effectiveness of Line communication application as a social media on changes in tooth brushing behavior of junior high school students in Banjarmasin
Authors: Widodo Widodo , Setijanto Darmawan , Sosiawan Agung
Published: March 2017

Background: There were only 10.7% of junior school students in Banjarmasin brushing their teeth before bedtime. Using Line (as one of the social media) can be assumed as an effective strategy to spread information. Purpose: This study aimed to reveal changes in tooth brushing behavior before bedtime in students of class VII in all state junior high schools in Banjarmasin after receiving information disseminated through Line. Method: Pre and post test technique with control group design was used in this research. Result: One week before the treatment, the mean frequency of tooth brushing behavior before bedtime in the Line group was 1.90, while in the poster group was 1.93. During the treatment, the mean frequency of tooth brushing behavior before bedtime in the Line group was 4.78 in the first 7 days, 5.07 in the second week, and 5.67 in the third week. On the other hand, the mean frequency of tooth brushing behavior before bedtime in the poster group was 4.66 in the first 7 days, 4.61 in the second week, and 5.18 in the third week. Conclusion: Messages/ information disseminated through both of Line and poster can give a significant change in tooth brushing behavior before bedtime. Nevertheless, Line can trigger better effectiveness than poster in stimulating a change in tooth brushing behavior before bedtime.
Management of herpes labialis triggered by emotional stress
Authors: Prehananto Herlambang , Harijanti Kus
Published: March 2017

Background: Herpes labialis is a form of secondary or recurrence of primary herpes simplex infection. Herpes simplex virus is latent. It can reactivate due to reactivation of the virus induced by emotional stress, high fever, ultraviolet exposed, oral mucosal or nerve tissue trauma, immunosuppression condition, and hormonal disorders. Purpose: The study aimed to report the management of patients with herpes labialis on the lower lip triggered by emotional stress. Case: A 58 year-old woman complained of pain in her lower lip. The patient had suffered from the pain since one month ago. The patient had been treated with a lip ointment, triamcinolone acetonid 0.1% (Kenalog®), for 2 weeks, but became thick, dry, and worse. She said that she got many calamities related to her family, leading to the increased busyness and psychologically distressed conditions. Extra oral examination of the lower lip showed erythematous erosion sized 4x4 mm, yellowish red crusting sized 3x4 mm, and translucent multiple vesicles sized 1x1 mm with well circumscribed as well as irregular edges. On palpation submandibular lymph nodes, dextra and sinistra were palpable, rubbery, mobile and painless. Based on intra-oral examination, however, there were no abnormalities. Case management: The diagnosis was determined based on anamnesis, clinical examinations, and supporting examination of Ig M and anti HSV-1 Ig G. The patient then was prescribed systemic and topical Acyclovir. Conclusion: Some laboratory tests are necessary to confirm the diagnosis and determine the accurate therapy of herpes labialis in addition to the history and clinical features.
An Analysis of the Impact of Sudden Events on China's Automobile Industry Stock Price
Authors: Wang Xiaoyue
Published: March 2017

The occurrence of special events such as food safety, information disclosure, policy implementation and political events will have a certain impact on the relevant areas of economic and financial. This paper uses the incident research method to take the political events of the Diaoyu Islands dispute as an example to study the influence of the listed companies in the Chinese automobile industry related to the Japanese brand. The conclusion is that the occurrence of special events in the listed companies of China's automobile industry to the relevant economic performance as a substitute effect, and the occurrence of special events on the Japanese brand of the car has a negative impact, but there is a positive impact on the Chinese local brands and European and American brands of cars.
VARIASI SEKUENS DNA YANG DIAMPLIFIKASI MENGGUNAKAN PRIMER atpB-rbcL PADA BEBERAPA KULTIVAR KACANG TANAH
Authors: Yuliani Yani , Yuniaty Alice , Susanto Agus Hery
Published: March 2017

Peanut is one of food crops commonly consumed in Indonesia. This species comprises several cultivars such as Kancil, Bison, Jerapah, Talam, and Tuban, each of which has its individual advantages and disadvantages. The vast variation among peanut cultivars leads to the need of study on genetic diversity and relationship among them using particular molecular marker. This study aims to see whether variation on DNA sequences among some peanut cultivars amplified with atpB-rbcL primers exists or not and to know the relationship among the cultivars based on the amplicon sequences. The method involves some sequential steps, i.e. genomic DNA isolation using CTAB protocol, amplification of DNA sequence using atpB-rbcL primers and sequencing of the amplification products. Data on sequences were edited manually using Bioedit version 7.0.4.1. Sequence alignment was performed using ClustalW, which is also implemented in Bioedit version 7.0.4.1. Arlequin 2.0 was used to calculate nucleotide diversity p. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using Maximum Parsimony in MEGA 5.0. The results showed that considerably high variation in DNA sequences of some peanut cultivars amplified with atpB-rbcL primers are observed. On the other hands, very close genetic relationship among cultivars is found.
KORELASI KARAKTER ANATOMI DAUN UBI JALAR (Ipomoea batatas L.) KULTIVAR TAHAN DAN TIDAK TAHAN TERHADAP INTENSITAS PENYAKIT KUDIS DAUN
Authors: Pradana Ade Winda , Samiyarsih Siti , Muljowati Juni Safitri
Published: March 2017

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is one of alternative food sources beside than rice. Sweet potatoes are contains minerals, nutrients, sources of energy, protein, vitamins A and C. Sweet potatoes have lower productivity than rice and cassava. The low productivity of sweet potatoes due to several factors, which one of them is a leaf scab disease caused by pathogens Sphaceloma batatas Saw. The purpose of this study is to determine the character of the anatomy of sweet potato leaf cultivars that resistant and unresistant to the intensity of leaf scab disease, as well as the correlations between the anatomy character of sweet potato leaves with leaf scab disease intensity. The method used in this study is an experimental method with factorial completely randomized design. The first factor is the character of the anatomy of four cultivars sweet potato leaves, Cangkuang and Sukuh cultivars (cultivars resistant), cultivars Cilembu and Beta (unresistant cultivars). The second factor is the inoculation treatment S. batatas Saw. The parameters were observed thickness of cuticle, epidermis, mesophyll, the size (length and width) stomata, density of stomata and trikomata as well as the intensity of the disease were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). To determine the correlation between the anatomy character leaves with disease intensity using regression correlation analysis. The results showed that Cangkuang cultivar has cuticle, epidermis and mesophyll thickest. Beta cultivars have stomata size of the longest and widest. Cilembu cultivar has the highest density of stomata. Sukuh cultivars has the highest density. The anatomy characters include of a thick cuticle, epidermis, stomata size (length and width), as well as the density of stomata and trikomata correlated with intensity of leaf scab disease.
A Non-Parametric Maximum for Reasonable Number of Rejected Hypotheses: Objective Optima for False Discovery Rate and Significance Threshold in Exploratory Research with Application to Ordinal Survey Analysis
Authors: Ghaseminejad tafreshi Amir hassan
Published: March 2017

This paper identifies a criterion for choosing the largest set of rejected hypotheses in high-dimensional data analysis where Multiple Hypothesis testing is used in exploratory research to identify significant associations among many variables. The method neither requires predetermined thresholds for level of significance, nor uses presumed thresholds for false discovery rate. The upper limit for number of rejected hypotheses is determined by finding maximum difference between expected true hypotheses and false hypotheses among all possible sets of rejected hypotheses. Methods of choosing a reasonable number of rejected hypotheses and application to non-parametric analysis of ordinal survey data are presented.
TREATMENT OF PROGRESSION OF DIFFUSE ASTROCYTOMA BY HERBAL MEDICINE: CASE REPORT
Authors: TrogrliÄ‡ Ivo , TrogrliÄ‡ Dragan , TrogrliÄ‡ Zoran
Published: March 2017

Background: The paper presents the results of the use of phytotherapy in a 33-year-old woman who, after finishing the oncological

treatment of diffuse astrocytoma, had tumour progression.

Material and methods: Phytotherapy was introduced after the tumour had progressed. It consisted of 4 types of herbal medicine

which the subject was taking in form of tea once a day at regular intervals. The patient started phytotherapy along with

temozolomide, which was the only oncological treatment she was under after the tumour had progressed. Following the finished

chemotherapy, the patient continued the treatment with herbal medicine only. She regularly took phytotherapy without interruption

and to the fullest extent for 30 months, and the results of treatment were monitored by periodic scanning using nuclear magnetic

resonance technique.

Results: The control scanning that was conducted after the end of combined treatment with temozolomide and phytotherapy showed

tumour regression. The patient continued with phytotherapy after finishing chemotherapy and, during the following 24 months, it

was the sole treatment option. In that period, the regression of the tumour continued, until a control examination 30 months after the

introduction of phytotherapy showed no clinical and radiological signs of tumour.

Conclusion: The results presented in this research paper clearly indicate the potential of phytotherapy in the treatment of some types

of brain tumours. A complete regression of tumour following the treatment with nothing but herbal medicine offers support for such

claim. Future research should demonstrate the effectiveness of phytotherapy, as a supplementary form of brain tumour treatment,

and the results of this research should be compared with the existing information on the effectiveness of the protocols currently used

in the treatment of these types of tumour.
VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS OF GINGER OIL PREPARED ACCORDING TO IRANIAN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE AND CONVENTIONAL METHOD: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Shirooye Pantea , Mokaberinejad Roshanak , Ara Leila , Hamzeloo-Moghadam Maryam
Published: March 2017

Background: Herbal medicines formulated as oils were believed to possess more powerful effects than their original plants in Iranian

Traditional Medicine (ITM). One of the popular oils suggested for treatment of various indications was ginger oil. In the present study, to

suggest a more convenient method of oil preparation (compared to the traditional method), ginger oil has been prepared according to both

the traditional and conventional maceration methods and the volatile oil constituents have been compared.

Material and Methods: Ginger oil was obtained in sesame oil according to both the traditional way and the conventional (maceration)

methods. The volatile oil of dried ginger and both oils were obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass

spectroscopy.

Results: Fifty five, fifty nine and fifty one components consisting 94 %, 94 % and 98 % of the total compounds were identified in the

volatile oil of ginger, traditional and conventional oils, respectively.

Conclusion: The most dominant compounds of the traditional and conventional oils were almost similar; however they were different

from ginger essential oil which has also been to possess limited amounts of anti-inflammatory components. It was concluded that ginger

oil could be prepared through maceration method and used for indications mentioned in ITM.
MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF ORIGINAL PLANTS OF FRITILLARIAE CIRRHOSAE BULBUS, ATRADTIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE (TCM) USING PLANT DNA BARCODING
Authors: Zhang Dequan , Mo Xinchun , Xiang Jianying , Zhou Nong
Published: March 2017

Background: DNA barcoding is a widely used tool that enables rapid and accurate identification of species based on standardized

DNA regions.

Materials and Methods: In this study, potential DNA barcodes, namely three plastid regions (rbcL, trnH-psbA and matK) and one

nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) were adopted for species identification of original plants of Fritillariae Cirrhosae

Bulbus.

Results: The rbcL and trnH-psbA regions showed better success rate of PCR amplification and DNA sequencing, as well as superior

discriminatory ability. On the contrary, ITS region did not possess effective genetic variation and matK was faced with low success

rate of sequencing. Combination of multi-loci sequences could improve identification ability of DNA barcoding. The trnH-psbA +

rbcL could discriminate 25% - 100% species based on the Blast, Tree-Building and Distance methods.

Conclusion: The potential DNA barcodes could not completely solving species identification of botanic origins of Fritillariae

Cirrhosae Bulbus. In future, we should pay more attention to super-barcoding or specific barcode that enhance ability to discriminate

the closely related plants.
AN ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS USED IN VILLAGES UNDER JONGILANGA TRIBAL COUNCIL, MPUMALANGA, SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Tshikalange Thilivhali Emmanuel , Mophuting Boikanyo Calvin , Mahore James , Winterboer Stefan , Lall Namrita
Published: March 2017

Background: Medicinal plants remain an integral part of the lives of people in rural areas. The aim of this study was to document

information about the medicinal plants used by Shangaan people in villages under Jongilanga tribal council, Bushbuckridge

municipality, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa.

Materials and Methods: An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire with

15 traditional healers as informants; one of them also served as a field guide during data collection. Results were analysed by using

various quantitative indices of information consensus factor (ICF), use report (UR), frequency citation (FC) and relative frequency

citation (RFC).

Results and Methods: The study reported 86 medicinal plants used in villages for the treatment of various ailments, the majority

(25 species) of which were used for urino-genital disorders. The Fabaceae family was the most represented family (17 species) of all

the medicinal plants recorded in this study. The roots were the most frequently used plant part, accounting for 56% of the plants

reported, and decoctions were often used in the preparation of herbal remedies. Respiratory diseases had the highest ICF value

recorded among the 8 categories of ailments. The highest use report was reported for Combretum collinum (4), while the FC and

RFC values (15) were highest in 12 plant species. The study revealed that medicinal plants are still widely used in rural areas and

this documentation can serve as an ethno pharmacological basis for selecting plants with potential pharmaceutical properties.
SELECTIVE INHIBITION OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS REPLICATION BY ALPHA-ZAM, A NIGELLA SATIVA SEED FORMULATION
Authors: Oyero Olufunmilayo Gbonjubola , Toyama Masaaki , Mitsuhiro Naoki , Onifade Abdulfatah A , Hidaka Akemi , Okamoto Mika , Baba Masanori
Published: March 2017

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection became curable because of the development of direct acting antivirals (DAAs).
However, the high cost of DAAs has greatly impeded their potential impact on the treatment of HCV infection. As a result, hepatitis C
will continue to cause substantial morbidity, and mortality among chronically infected individuals in low and middle income countries.
Thus, urgent need exists for developing cheaper drugs available to hepatitis C patients in these countries.
Materials and Methods: Alpha-zam, an indigenous herbal formulation from Nigella sativa seed, was examined for its anti-HCV activity
and cytotoxicity in genotype 1b HCV replicon cells. The antiviral activity was determined by luciferase expression and viral RNA
synthesis, while the cytotoxicity was assessed by viable cell number and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase RNA synthesis in
the replicon cells.
Results: Alpha-zam was found to be a selective inhibitor of HCV replication. The 50% effective dilution and 50% cytotoxic dilution of
Alpha-zam were 761- and < 100-fold, respectively, in the subgenomic replicon cells LucNeo#2. Its selective inhibition of HCV was also
confirmed by HCV RNA levels in LucNeo#2 and in the full-genome HCV replicon cells NNC#2 using real-time reverse transcriptase
polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, the anti-HCV activity of Alpha-zam was not due to the induction of interferon.
Conclusion: Alpha-zam selectively inhibits HCV replication and therefore has potential for a novel antiviral agent against HCV
infection.
IN VITRO ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF DIFFERENT Senna didymobotrya (FRESEN.) H.S. IRWIN & BARNEBY PLANT PARTS
Authors: Jeruto P , Arama P F , Anyango B , T Akenga , R Nyunja , D Khasabuli
Published: March 2017

Background: Herbal medicines have been in use for many years and remain widespread in developing countries; whereas, the use

of complementary alternative medicine is on the increase in developed countries. Senna didymobotrya is important for its medicinal

benefits among most communities in treating a wide range of ailments.

Materials and methods: Plants were collected from a cluster in Siaya, Nandi and Nakuru counties (Kenya). Stem bark, root bark,

leaves, flowers and immature pods were obtained; air-dried and ground into fine powder. Methanol was used to extract the plant

extracts. The extracts were reconstituted in water and incorporated into growth media to obtain 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%.

Bioassays were carried out on T. tonsurans (ATCC 28942) and C. albicans (14053). The growth of cultures on the plates was

measured over a period of sixteen days. The area under disease progress stairs was determined and subjected to ANOVA and

comparison of means using LSD.

Results: Results indicated that the growth of C. albicans was not significantly affected by the plant extracts. Growth of T. tonsurans

was completely inhibited by immature pods extract at 10%, the leaves and flowers extracts inhibited the growth at 7.5%. The stem

and root bark extracts inhibited growth at low dosages of 2.5- 5 %.

Conclusion: There is need to carry out research on root and stem barks to identify the active phytochemicals that contribute to their

high efficacies. On species conservation, harvesting of roots may lead to depletion of S. didymobotrya
CARDIAC DISORDER IN HEMODIALYSIS: BENEFITS OF CHINESE HERBS
Authors: LÃ¼ ZhongQing , Sun Min , Hu ChunJie , Tong YanQing
Published: March 2017

Background: A major cause of mortality in hemodialysis patients is cardiac disease. Most complementary and alternative

therapies, including Chinese herbal medicine, have been useful in the treatment of cardiac disorders.

Materials and Methods: A 46 year old Asian woman with chronic renal failure was admitted to the clinic for hemodialysis. In the

course of the fifth session of standard dialysis, she developed shock followed by a ventricular tachycardia which rapidly degenerated

into cardiac arrest, from which she was resuscitated through cardio-pulmonary resuscitation. The following therapeutic strategies

were applied: low discharge oxygen inhalation; stricter water and salt restriction; dialysate temperature set at 36.0 OC; rhEPO 3000u,

per week, low molecular weight iron dextran, 200mg/day, intravenously for five days; the patient received Chinese herbal

concoction orally.

Results: The patient obtained efficient standard dialysis without any cardiac syndrome.

Conclusion: Chinese herbs are useful in the management of cardiac disorders in hemodialysis. Chinese herbs may provide more

benefits by adjusting dialysis strategies.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANALGESIC PROPERTIES OF PENTANISIA PRUNELLOIDES FROM THE EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Mathews Miya Gugulethu , Ajayi Oyemitana, Idris , Opeoluwa Oyedeji Oyehan , Oluwatobi Oluwafemi Samuel , Benedicta Nkeh-Chungag N , Phindile Songca Sandile , Omowumi Oyedejia Adebola
Published: March 2017

Background Pentanisia prunelloides is a medicinal plant widely used to remedy various ailments including infections, fever and

rheumatism in Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. There is scanty report on the phytochemical and biological properties of the

plant; hence various solvent extracts of the dried plant materials were phytochemically screened, and its aqueous extract evaluated for

acute toxicity effect, analgesic and antiinflammatory properties in rodents.

Methods and Materials: Different extracts of both leaf and rhizome were obtained separately with ethanol, methanol and water.

Portions of the filtrate were used for qualitative screening of secondary metabolites and remaining portions were concentrated and

dried. Dried grounded leaf and rhizome of the plant were also used for quantitative screening for some major components. The aqueous

extract of the leaf and rhizome were used for acute toxicity (LD50) test, antiinflammatory and analgesic activities in rodents.

Results: The qualitative phytochemical screening showed the presence of several phytoconstituents with saponins, flavonoids and

alkaloids constituting highest constituents in the leaf and rhizome. The LD50 of the aqueous extracts (from leaf or rhizome) was found

to be ≥5000 mg/kg orally. The leaf and rhizome aqueous extract (250-500 mg/kg) significantly (p
MODULATION OF CARCINOGEN-METABOLIZING ENZYME BY MADINAH MINT (Mentha spp) IN RAT LIVER
Authors: Al-Malki Abdulrahman L. , Barbour Elie K. , A Huwait E , Moselhy Said S. , Choudhry Hani
Published: March 2017

Background: The present study was undertaken to assess whether boiling water mint extract (BWME) modulates the cytochrome

P450 mixed function oxidase system.

Materials and methods: Male albino rats were randomly divided into two groups, comprising 12 animals each. The first group

served as control, whereas the second was maintained on BWME (10 % w/v) as its sole drinking liquid for six weeks. Liver

microsomal were separated and subjected for phase I and II enzymes (cytochrome P450 mixed function oxidase) analysis

Results The results obtained showed that, BWME caused a significant elevation in the activity of epoxide hydrolase (p
Institutional Investments and Their Influence on Stock Returns – An Empirical Study
Authors: Venkataraman R. , V.R Srinidhi , Chandramouli A.S.
Published: March 2017

Mutual dependency of market variables is crucial for development of any economy. It is equally important to study the stock market for what parameter influences over the others and for what length of time, thus giving direction to investors. Further, Sensex being an important barometer of India’s economic measurement, it would be interesting to know the revelation of its stability while institutional investors influence it in multiple ways over considerable longer period of economy. This study investigates the influence of FII and MF on Sensex over 11 year period between 2004-2015. The objectives were to find out the dependency among the three to conclude about which out theses influences market the most. On applying Unit–root test, Correlation and VAR, the study revealed that there was a regime change for BSE-Sensex returns due to the global recession. The noticeable fact is that change in regime affected the purchase of Mutual Fund which led to increasing in FII investment.   The variation in the investment patterns by institutions brought in heavy market movement. Indian stock market during the selected period was driven by a greater amount of Foreign Investors compared to the domestic investors, the Mutual Fund taken up for  this study.
The Influence of Attitude, Knowledge and Quality on Purchase Intention towards Halal Food: A Case Study of Young Non-Muslim Consumers in Thailand
Authors: Maichum Kamonthip , Parichatnon Surakiat , Peng Ke-Chung
Published: March 2017

This paper investigates the influence of attitude, halal knowledge, halal quality on purchase intention towards halal food of young non-Muslim consumers in Thailand. Consequently, total of 600 questionnaires were distributed and 482 usable responses were obtained yielding a response rate of 80.33%. Our results indicated that attitude has a strongest direct influence on intention to purchase and also the results indicated that halal knowledge has a significant effect on attitude towards halal food and had no significant effect on halal purchase intention. Furthermore, halal quality has significant positive influences on the purchase intention among the studied group in Thailand. Therefore, this paper could provide insights important for manufacturers, marketers and policymakers to understand the perspectives of young non-Muslim consumers in Thailand.
Micro-Finance & Micro-Credit for Sustainable Development
Authors: Bhusare Shital Prakash , Chanda Ruby
Published: March 2017

Poverty is one of the biggest challenges to the development of a developing country like India where a major population is living in rural and semi-urban areas. Institutional credit is considered as a powerful tool for alleviating poverty. Microfinance is the supply of loans, savings, and other basic financial services to the poor. As the financial services of microfinance usually involve small amounts of money – small loans, small savings etc. the term "Microfinance" helps to differentiate these services from those of commercial banks. Microfinance in India has been through two channels of credit delivery to poor and low-income households–Self Help Group Bank Linkage Programme (SBLP) and the Microfinance institutions lending through groups as well as directly to individuals. This study was with the overall objective of conducting a detailed analysis of interest rates, costs and margins of microfinance institutions.

This study highlights the reach and the impact on the customers and the channels used by these firms for the effectiveness of Micro Finance and Microcredit schemes. For the purpose of analysis the statistical tools like Mean, Standard deviation, coefficient of co-relation and regression have been used.

Microfinance is playing a very important role in decrease poverty. Microfinance to the rural SHGs is a way to raise the income level and improve the living standards of the rural peoples. Thus, it can be concluded that the self-help groups contribute substantially in pushing the conditions of the rural population up.
Motivation, Competence and Organizational Commitment’s Effect on Lecturers' Job Satisfaction and Lecturers Performance
Authors: Hairuddin Arminas , Gani Mursalim Umar , Sinring Bahar , Arifin Zaenal
Published: March 2017

Purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of motivation, competence and organizational commitment to job satisfaction lecturers, to analyze the influence motivation, competence and commitment of the organization to the performance of lecturers, to analyze the effects of job satisfaction on the performance of lecturers, and to analyze the influence of motivation, competence and organizational commitment indirectly through job satisfaction on the performance of lecturers. The study population is of 409 lecturers. Determination of the sample using the formula Slovin obtained as many as 202 respondents from the correspondence through the intranet Ministry of Industry of the Republic of Indonesia. Data from the questionnaires were analyzed with structural equation modeling the help of using AMOS (Analysis of Moment Structures) Version 18. The results showed that work motivation has a positive and significant effect on lecturers' job satisfaction and lecturers’ performance. Competence has a positive and insignificant effect on lecturers' job satisfaction, but significant on lecturers performance. Organizational commitment has a positive and significant effect on lecturers' job satisfaction and lecturers’ performance. Lecturers' job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on lecturers’ performance. The Effect of Lecturers' job satisfaction proved to be significant in explaining the effect of work motivation, competence and organizational commitment on lecturers’ performance.
HIV-Positive Women Taking Lifelong Antiretroviral Therapy Report Better Adherence Than Women Taking Short-Course Prophylaxis During and After Pregnancy Under PMTCT Program Option A in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Hampanda, PhD, MPH Karen M. , Abuogi, MD, MS Lisa L. , Ahmed, MPH, BM Yusuf
Published: March 2017

Background and Objectives: HIV-positive women’s adherence to antiretrovirals is critical for prevention of mother-to-child transmission. We aimed to establish if mothers taking triple lifelong antiretroviral therapy report higher adherence compared to mothers taking short-course prophylaxis under Option A in Lusaka, Zambia.Methods: In this clinic-based cross-sectional study, we interviewed 320 HIV-positive mothers at a large public health facility in Lusaka in 2014. Participants reported adherence using a visual analog scale. Multiple logistic regression models were used to determine the adjusted odds of adherence by mother’s prescribed regimen.Results: Women taking lifelong triple antiretroviral therapy report higher adjusted odds of adherence during pregnancy, postpartum, and to giving the infant prophylaxis compared to women to women taking short-course prophylaxis.Discussion: Women on lifelong therapy may have better adherence compared to women on short course prophylaxis because they knew their positive status for longer or were symptomatic with HIV-related disease. The lifelong therapy regimen may be easier for women to follow, particularly because they are required to give the infant prophylaxis for a shorter duration of time.Conclusions and Global Health Implications: Our results indicate that lifelong triple antiretroviral therapy has the potential to promote better drug adherence during and after pregnancy among women living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa, compared to short-course antiretroviral regimens.Key words: HIV-positive Women • Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission • Antiretroviral Therapy • Adherence • Zambia • Option A • PMTCT • ARTCopyright © 2017 Hampanda et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.
Utilization of Produced Gas for Improved Oil Recovery and Reduced Emissions from the Bakken Formation
Authors: Jin Lu , Hawthorne Steve , Sorensen James , Pekot Lawrence , Bosshart Nicholas , Gorecki Charles , Steadman Edward , Harju John
Published: March 2017

Oil production grew significantly from 0.2 million barrels per day (bpd) to 1.1 million bpd in the Bakken petroleum system from 2009 to 2014. A large volume of associated gas (1.6 billion cubic feet per day) has also been produced with the oil. A substantial part (>10%) of this produced gas is flared off because of the low natural gas price and limited infrastructure for gathering and transporting the gas from the well sites. Such a large scale of gas flaring not only wastes energy but also emits contaminants such as SOx, NOx, and CO2 to the atmosphere. Reduction of flaring and utilization of produced gas are important steps toward sustained development of the Bakken.

The potential for recycled gas enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is being investigated as a method of reducing flaring through utilization. However, large-scale gas flooding might be difficult for the Bakken because of the difference between the low-permeability matrix and the highly conductive hydraulic and natural fracture networks, which may lead to low sweep efficiency. Instead, this research by the Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) has aimed to investigate, through a series of laboratory experiments and numerical simulation activities, the potential to extract oil from the tight rocks by taking advantage of diffusion-based processes. Oil and gas produced from Bakken wells were characterized, and the reservoir formation properties were analyzed based upon core samples. A series of oil extraction experiments with varying gas (solvent) compositions were conducted. The minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) of various produced gas components and oil was measured to determine the pressure required for effective extraction. Based on the experimental results, a well-scale model was developed to simulate the performance of recycled gas EOR.

Results showed CO2 and produced Bakken gas to be miscible with the oil in reservoir conditions (>5000 psi, 230°F). The measured MMPs for pure CO2 and ethane with typical Bakken oil samples were 2528 and 1344 psi, respectively. The presence of methane in the gas increased MMP, but miscibility was still achievable under reservoir conditions. CO2 and ethane enabled extraction of most oil components from the rocks during a 24-hour experimental period, but methane exhibited strong molecular selectivity for light-end components. Simulation results showed that a single-well CO2 and methane/ethane huff ‘n’ puff operation could increase cumulative oil production as much as 50% for the multistage fractured wells in the Bakken.

The results of this study clearly showed that produced Bakken gas could be effectively used for recycled gas EOR. Implementation of EOR may have potential to compensate for the production decline of Bakken wells while reducing the quantity of flared gas.