bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potencial das palmeiras nativas da Amazônia Brasileira para a bioeconomia: análise em rede da produção científica e tecnológica
Authors: Silva Antonio Jorge Barbosa da , Sevalho Elison de Souza , Miranda Ires Paula de Andrade
Published: June 2021

Os recursos naturais provindos das palmeiras Euterpe oleracea, Astrocaryum aculeatum, Mauritia flexuosa, Bactris gasipaes, Oenocarpus bacaba e Attalea maripa potencialmente favorecem o aproveitamento da biodiversidade e são economicamente viáveis ao mercado nacional, em virtude do aproveitamento integral de seus produtos e subprodutos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar uma prospecção baseada na busca de patentes e produção científica de modo a identificar as potencialidades para a bioeconomia das palmeiras nativas da região amazônica brasileira. Para isso, foi realizado uma pesquisa documental exploratória de abordagem quantitativa, analisando os documentos de patentes depositados aos bancos de dados do Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial do Brasil, Banco de Patentes Latino-americanas, United States Patent and Trademark Office, European Patent Office e World Intellectual Property Organization. Para a prospecção científica, foram utilizados artigos publicados nas plataformas de pesquisas da Elsevier, as quais incluíram Scopus e Science Direct, como também as bases de dados da Springer Link, SciELO e o Periódico da Capes. Os resultados da prospecção foram compilados em redes de dados e gráficos. Do ponto de vista científico, as espécies Euterpe oleracea e Mauritia flexuosa se destacam por serem fonte de recursos biológicos com potencial bioeconômico, e apresentam um extenso número de publicações, no que se refere as atividades químicas dos frutos. O United States Patent and Trademark Office apresenta o maior número de depósitos de patentes para a espécie Euterpe oleracea. Nesta constata-se que o Brasil lidera como principal país depositante, devido à alta riqueza dessas espécies. Dentre os depósitos de patentes pesquisados, foram classificados principalmente pelo código A61K, o qual é relacionado à obtenção de comprimidos contendo extrato etanólico (padronizado) dos frutos de Euterpe oleracea e sua aplicação como antioxidante. Diante da presente análise, este estudo possibilitou apresentar uma visão geral das potencialidades tecnológicas e científicas das espécies de palmeiras. O estudo revela de forma significativa o potencial das palmeiras para atender as necessidades humanas na área de alimentação e saúde, e estas podem ser exploradas de uma forma ainda mais significativa pela indústria, com perspectiva para geração de novas tecnologias.
Compostos orgânicos voláteis (COVs) cuticulares em Thyrinteina arnobia (Stoll, 1782) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)
Authors: Almeida Camila Alexandre Cavalcante de , Gonçalves Fernanda da Silva , Rodrigues Matheus Barros , Andrade Anderson Bruno Anacleto de , Santos Jakeline Maria dos , Breda Mariana Oliveira , Santana Antônio Euzébio Goulart
Published: June 2021

A lagarta-parda do eucalipto, Thyrinteina arnobia (Stoll, 1782) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), vem sendo relatada de forma significativa em povoamentos florestais. A importância econômica de Thyrinteina arnobia para o setor florestal na atualidade evidencia a necessidade da consolidação do Manejo Integrado de Pragas Florestais (MIP Floresta), incluindo métodos de monitoramento e controle através de semioquímicos, como o emprego de feromônios. Os compostos químicos voláteis (COVs) em substâncias cuticulares de insetos podem contribuir na regulação da interação entre os indivíduos, sendo objeto de estudo da ecologia química.  Dessa forma, objetivou-se realizar uma prospecção dos compostos orgânicos voláteis (COVs) cuticulares em Thyrinteina arnobia e avaliar o papel desses compostos como possíveis feromônios de curta distância. Para o estudo químico de substâncias feromonais, foi realizada a extração de compostos cuticulares (asas e pernas) em Thyrinteina arnobia de machos e fêmeas. Os extratos obtidos foram analisados por cromatografia gasosa com detector de ionização de chamas (GC-FID). Foi realizado um espectro de ação por meio da eletroantenografia acoplada à cromatografia gasosa (CG-EAG) dos extratos de asas e pernas de fêmeas virgens sobre a antena de machos de Thyrinteina arnobia. Contudo, não foi possível observar diferença significativa nas respostas das antenas de machos a nenhum dos estímulos oferecidos. Assim, é possível inferir que Thyrinteina arnobia não faz uso de compostos cuticulares para reconhecimento a curta distância, sendo necessários estudos complementares de comportamento sexual, incluindo observação de corte e cópula.
A branquitude como entrave a implementação da Lei Federal 10.639/03 na educação infantil
Authors: Cardoso Cintia , Dias Lucimar Rosa
Published: June 2021

Este artigo tem por eixo central apresentar reflexões sobre os entraves a implementação da Lei Federal 10.639/03, no contexto da educação infantil. Nesse sentido, toma-se como referência a pesquisa realizada, em 2017, com crianças de quatro a seis anos e suas professoras. Os aportes teóricos foram construídos a partir de uma reflexão dialógica entre o campo das relações raciais, sociologia da infância e branquitude, os e as autoras Gomes (2005), Silva (2007), Cardoso (2008), Munanga (2010) e Bento (2014) orientaram a análise. O foco principal foi compreender a branquitude como prática de poder expressa nas experiências educativo-pedagógicas da educação infantil. A partir da etnografia, buscou-se apreender as linguagens, as ações pedagógicas, as materialidades, sobretudo, como eram vividas as dimensões raciais. Os resultados apontaram que a branquitude pode ser considerada um empecilho à promoção de uma educação plural e democrática no cotidiano da instituição analisada.
Vozes de Professores: Política Municipal de Alfabetização de Manaus em Debate
Authors: Camargo Raiolanda Magalhães Pereira de , Oliveira Selma Suely Baçal
Published: June 2021

Este artigo apresenta os resultados parciais das ações do movimento de resistência denominado Política Municipal de Alfabetização de Manaus em debate, organizado por professores da Educação Infantil, dos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, pedagogos da Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Manaus (SEMED), Sindicato dos Trabalhadores em Educação do Estado do Amazonas (SINTEAM), professores e pesquisadores da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal do Amazonas diante da Minuta de Lei da Política Municipal de Alfabetização, apresentada pela SEMED/Manaus. O estudo partiu da análise proposta na Minuta, considerando seu aspecto teórico-metodológico, bem como do contexto de sua apresentação (em uma pandemia da COVID-19), tempo destinado para análise e ausência de representatividade de profissionais da educação nas discussões. A proposta da SEMED se alinha às proposituras do Decreto Federal n° 9.765, de 11 de abril de 2019, que institui a Política Nacional de Alfabetização, que neste estudo também será analisada, à luz das considerações críticas, que apontam seus limites e problemas conceituais, epistemológicos, políticos, pedagógicos e metodológicos levantados pelos principais pesquisadores brasileiros no campo da alfabetização e discutidos no Dossiê “Política Nacional de Alfabetização em foco: olhares de professores e pesquisadores”, organizado pela Associação Brasileira de Alfabetização. Os resultados evidenciam a necessidade do fortalecimento de uma ação coletiva com participação de representantes das universidades, associações científicas, professores e outros representantes da sociedade civil brasileira para o surgimento de políticas educacionais que considerem as experiências em andamento, as vozes dos professores e o desejo da escuta de suas reais necessidades, emancipação e valorização docente.
O perfil do egresso do processo de formação no ensino médio brasileiro: entre óticas legais e impactos sobre a sociedade
Authors: Cox Kenia Kodel , De-Bortoli Robelius
Published: June 2021

Com este trabalho objetivou-se verificar se o perfil idealizado, pelas bases legais, para o egresso do ensino médio é mantido quando contraposto a indicadores de monitoramento dos resultados deste processo de formação escolar sobre a sociedade. Para identificação do perfil em estudo foi efetuada a análise de conteúdo de leis de bases e de diretrizes curriculares de 13 unidades territoriais do país, seguida pela contraposição do resultado desta a dados diagnósticos de ensino, empregabilidade, matrícula e conclusão no ensino superior. Dos quatro elementos destacados, a partir da análise das bases legais, para composição do perfil em estudo, dois preservaram, ao serem validados a partir da correlação com indicadores de monitoramento: ‘continuidade dos estudos’ e ‘fundamentação científico-tecnológica’. Este trabalho sinaliza a necessidade de aprofundamento de estudos sobre a ‘preparação para o trabalho’ e ‘participação em sociedade’ no processo de formação no ensino médio.
Undergraduate coordinator: competences required according to management principles
Authors: Silva Ronison Oliveira da , Campos Antonio Jorge Cunha , Melo Pedro Antônio de , Nascimento-e-Silva Daniel
Published: June 2021

Neste texto relata-se resultados de estudo que teve por objetivo vincular as competências necessárias ao cargo de gerência de graduações com as quatro fases básicas do processo de gestão: planejamento, organização, direção e controle. Analisou-se a literatura disponível, organizada com base nas técnicas de análises semântica e de conteúdo, para que pudessem ser visualizadas as respostas às questões norteadoras previamente formuladas. Entendeu-se que o coordenador de graduações precisa dominar conhecimentos de outras áreas do conhecimento para atuar, tais como análise de cenários e geração de produção do curso; gestão de infraestrutura de materiais e serviços, liderança, comunicação e motivação do seu time e aferição da qualidade do trabalho e da produção realizada.
Starch composition related to physical traits in maize kernel
Authors: Milašinović-Šeremešić Marija , Radosavljević Milica , Đuragić Olivera , Srdić Jelena
Published: June 2021

The focus of this study is on the physical quality traits and starch composition of various maize kernel genotypes grown in Serbia. Furthermore, the aim was to determine the relationship among these quality traits. Results obtained from the Stenvert hardness test showed great variability among the maize samples. The portion of the hard endosperm fraction (HE) ranged from 53.29% to 76.28%. Test weight (TWt) and 1000-kernel weight (KWt) of 10 different ZP maize genotypes ranged from 782.69 to 907.39 kgm-3 and from 128.40 to 376.50 g, respectively. The specialty maize genotypes had the highest content of amylose (27.8% and 28.9%). Yellow dent genotype, ZP 606, had the lowest amylose content in the kernel (22.3%). The results suggested that the composition of starch granule differed depending on the hardness of the endosperm. The amylose content was highly correlated with the physical traits such as TWt, KWt, density and HE.
arte figurativa de mestras-artesãs do Alto do Moura, Caruaru - PE, e os sentidos estéticos e sensíveis sobre questões de gênero
Authors: Silva Ilzy Gabrielle Soares da , Carvalho Mário de Faria
Published: June 2021

O presente estudo é uma análise estética, sensível e feminista da produção de artesanato em barro de uma mestra-artesã da comunidade do Alto do Moura, Caruaru, Pernambuco. O processo de análise e investigação refere-se às obras da mestra artesã Marliete Rodrigues, considerando que compreender as recorrências estéticas, sensíveis, simbólicas e subjetivas presentes na produção artística de mulheres artesãs pode evidenciar o imaginário que se constitui a partir das vivências socioculturais cotidianas das artistas sobre questões de gênero. A partir de dada dimensão fenomenológica, buscamos responder a perguntas como: Qual a centralidade dos elementos estéticos e sensíveis nas obras da artesã? Quais elementos de gênero e ligados ao cotidiano da comunidade são materializados através dos símbolos presentes nas obras analisadas? É possível caracterizar como feminista a estética que se desenvolve a partir do imaginário e é expressa em suas obras? Os resultados obtidos apontam que apesar de, à primeira vista, a obra da mestra parecer estar inscrita numa espécie de feminilidade compulsória, pelo uso recorrente de elementos ligados a flores, o recato no vestuário e as ações das mulheres retratadas, a obra de Marliete se revela dissidente ao propor sutis rupturas nas estruturas a partir das quais a arte em barro da comunidade do Alto do Moura é constituída.
Specifics of the Body Image of Adolescents with Scoliosis: A Case of Being Labeled as ‘A Scoliotic’
Authors: Deputatov Vladyslav , Velykodna Mariana
Published: June 2021

The body image is to be reconstructed during adolescence, which is more difficult in the case of somatic illness and social stigma. This research aimed to study adolescents' body image with scoliosis, students of a special educational institution in Ukraine socially identified with stigma as 'a school for scoliotics'.
The participants (n=104) of the research were adolescents (13-15 years old) with scoliosis from the institution mentioned above (n=52, 24 males, 28 females) and adolescents without scoliosis from the same city (n=52, 24 males, 28 females). Two methods were used to collect the data: (1) Self-portraits; (2) Dembo-Rubinstein Self-Assessment Scale.
The adolescents with scoliosis and labeled as 'scoliotics' face additional obstructions in their psychic body development compared to their peers. For instance, they tend to overinvest in the desired image of a healthy body and do not feel able to get it. We found the markers of four different ways to cope with the situation by the adolescents with scoliosis: (a) identification as 'a scoliotic' instead of hope to be cured soon; (b) psychological distancing from the others to preserve the desire of a more attractive body image; (c) repression or denial of the body parts which could relate to scoliosis; (d) infantilization, aimed to slow down the discovery of their maturing corporeality. Consequently, adolescents with scoliosis affected by stigma experience the gap or conflict between their current, desired and perceived realistic body image.
Translation and Canadian municipal websites: A Toronto Example
Authors: McDonough Dolmaya Julie
Published: June 2021

Within translation studies, existing research on website translation and localization has tended to focus on technical, sociological, commercial and linguistic issues related to the websites of corporations or not-for-profit organizations. Less attention has been given to issues that arise when national, regional or local governments make their websites available in another language, either in whole or in part. To help address this gap, this article studies the Toronto.ca municipal website to discuss whether, how and why the City of Toronto offers translated information online. Drawing on data from the 2016 Canadian census and the city’s translation policy documents, this article compares the city’s linguistic profile with the kinds of information available on the city’s website in languages other than English. The final section uses De Schutter’s (De Schutter 2017) framework to study the City of Toronto’s translation policies from a translation justice perspective, arguing that the policies largely focus on instrumental interests, with limited emphasis on identity interests, as evidenced by the Toronto.ca translation data. Some possible future research directions are also discussed.
Dwarf open reading frame (DWORF) is a direct activator of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium pump SERCA
Authors: Fisher M'Lynn E , Bovo Elisa , Aguayo-Ortiz Rodrigo , Cho Ellen E , Pribadi Marsha P , Dalton Michael P , Rathod Nishadh , Lemieux M Joanne , Espinoza-Fonseca L Michel , Robia Seth L , Zima Aleksey V , Young Howard S
Published: June 2021

The sarco-plasmic reticulum calcium pump (SERCA) plays a critical role in the contraction-relaxation cycle of muscle. In cardiac muscle, SERCA is regulated by the inhibitor phospholamban. A new regulator, dwarf open reading frame (DWORF), has been reported to displace phospholamban from SERCA. Here, we show that DWORF is a direct activator of SERCA, increasing its turnover rate in the absence of phospholamban. Measurement of in-cell calcium dynamics supports this observation and demonstrates that DWORF increases SERCA-dependent calcium reuptake. These functional observations reveal opposing effects of DWORF activation and phospholamban inhibition of SERCA. To gain mechanistic insight into SERCA activation, fluorescence resonance energy transfer experiments revealed that DWORF has a higher affinity for SERCA in the presence of calcium. Molecular modeling and molecular dynamics simulations provide a model for DWORF activation of SERCA, where DWORF modulates the membrane bilayer and stabilizes the conformations of SERCA that predominate during elevated cytosolic calcium.
Air pollutants and outpatient visits for influenza-like illness in Beijing, China
Authors: Li Xiaoguang , Xu Jie , Wang Wei , Liang Jing-Jin , Deng Zhong-Hua , Du Juan , Xie Ming-Zhu , Wang Xin-Rui , Liu Yaqiong , Cui Fuqiang , Lu Qing-Bin
Published: June 2021

Background

Air pollution leads to many adverse health conditions, mainly manifested by respiratory or cardiac symptoms. Previous studies are limited as to whether air pollutants were associated to influenza-like illness (ILI). This study aimed to explore the association between air pollutants and outpatient visits for ILI, especially during an outbreak of influenza.

Methods

Daily counts of hospital visits for ILI were obtained from Peking University Third Hospital between January 1, 2015, and March 31, 2018. A generalized additive Poisson model was applied to examine the associations between air pollutants concentrations and daily outpatient visits for ILI when adjusted for the meteorological parameters.

Results

There were 35862 outpatient visits at the fever clinic for ILI cases. Air quality index (AQI), PM2.5, PM10, CO and O3 on lag0 days, as well as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) on lag1 days, were significantly associated with an increased risk of outpatient visits for ILI from January 2015 to November 2017. From December 2017 to March 2018, on lag0 days, air pollutants PM2.5 [risk ratio (RR) = 0.971, 95% CI: 0.963-0.979], SO2 (RR = 0.892, 95% CI: 0.840–0.948) and CO (RR = 0.306, 95% CI: 0.153–0.612) were significantly associated with a decreased risk of outpatient visits for ILI. Interestingly, on the lag2 days, all the pollutants were significantly associated with a reduced risk of outpatient visits for ILI except for O3. We did not observe the linear correlations between the outpatient visits for ILI and any of air pollutants, which were instead associated via a curvilinear relationship.

Conclusions

We found that the air pollutants may be associated with an increased risk of outpatient visits for ILI during the non-outbreak period and with a decreased risk during the outbreak period, which may be linked with the use of disposable face masks and the change of outdoor activities. These findings expand the current knowledge of ILI outpatient visits correlated with air pollutants during an influenza pandemic.
Classificação de autores, instituições e países, por meio de métricas de produção, centralidade e impacto
Authors: Köhler André Fontan , Digiampietri Luciano Antonio
Published: June 2021

Trabalha-se com o conjunto de periódicos brasileiros de turismo, mas particularmente com os 3.887 artigos publicados em 16 revistas, no período 1990-2018. Há três objetivos principais, a saber: a) construir rankings de autores, instituições e países do campo de turismo no Brasil, segundo métricas de produção, centralidade e impacto, nos períodos 1990-1999, 1990-2009 e 1990-2018; b) caracterizar os elementos mais importantes – aqueles que aparecem nas primeiras posições desses rankings; e c) comparar os resultados desses rankings aos obtidos com a aplicação do Índice H. Foi feito um estudo bibliométrico e de redes, com coleta de dados e revisão e desambiguação manuais; foram calculadas métricas de produção (contagem simples e fracionada), centralidade (grau, intermediação e Page Rank) e impacto (baseadas nas citações reais). Em resumo, os principais pesquisadores trabalham em instituições do Sul e Sudeste do país, e estão vinculados a programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu. Para as instituições, ter um programa de pós-graduação stricto sensu em turismo ou campo correlato parece ser um fator-chave; a Universidade de São Paulo e a Universidade do Vale do Itajaí claramente se destacam das demais, em toda e qualquer métrica. O Brasil ocupa a primeira posição em produção, centralidade e impacto, seguido sempre pela Espanha.
Práticas de gamificação em turismo
Authors: Paixão Wilma Barros da , Cordeiro Itamar José Dias e
Published: June 2021

Produtos turísticos inovadores estão surgindo mundo afora como resposta ao clima de cres-cente competitividade no setor. Entre as iniciativas existentes, algumas buscam engajar pessoas, motivar a satisfação e transformar a experiência do usuário através da gamificação. Ao mesmo tempo, há uma carência de estudos sobre os elementos empregados nestas inici-ativas. Diante disto, o presente estudo objetivou analisar práticas (nacionais e internacionais) de gamificação no turismo. Trata-se, portanto, de uma pesquisa exploratória-descritiva que empregou o método da revisão sistemática para identificar práticas de gamificação no turis-mo em todo o mundo. As pesquisas foram feitas a partir de palavras-chave em inglês, fran-cês, espanhol e português, nas seguintes bases de dados: Portal de Periódicos da Capes, Science Direct, Publicações em Turismo (da USP) e website “Gamification in Tourism”. Após o levantamento inicial, seguido da aplicação de critérios de inclusão e exclusão restaram 40 práticas, que foram analisadas à luz do modelo de Werbach e Hunter (2012). Os principais achados do estudo foram que: todas as práticas contemplaram ao menos um dos 27 elemen-tos de jogos propostos por Werbach e Hunter (2012); os elementos de jogos mais frequentes foram “Desafio”, “Progressão”, “Feedback”, “Missão” e “Conquistas”; e os menos frequentes foram “Boss”, “Chance”, “Times” e “Presentes”. A principal conclusão do estudo foi que a frequência dos elementos identificados sugere uma preocupação das práticas analisadas em proporcionar uma maximização da experiência para o visitante; ou seja, a gamificação está sendo utilizada para proporcionar experiências memoráveis, e não simplesmente como um passatempo. Por fim, convém referir que se trata de um estudo original e cujo valor reside em difundir conhecimento sobre um tema que, embora importante, ainda é pouco discutido pela literatura científica nacional.
The Effect of Accrual Quality and Operating Cash Flows on Future Cash Flows in the Basic Industry and Chemical Sectors
Authors: Shofia Amanda , Utami Wiwik
Published: June 2021

This study aims to analyze the effect of accrual quality and operating cash flow on future cash flows. Accrual quality in this study is measured by the accruals-working capital approach, referring to Dechow and Dichev [1] and Francis et al. [2], cash flow is measured by the ratio of operating cash flows to assets. The population of this research is the Basic Industry and Chemical sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2014-2018. The samples were determined using purposive sampling which resulted in 144 firms year came from 32 companies. The results of this study showed that there is a significant positive effect the accrual quality and operating cash flow on future cash flows. Management should manage the company's operating cash flow efficiently, and simultaneously improve the quality of the company's accruals which will be a positive signal for investors creditors.
Relationship between Otoliths and Fish Length of Selected Catfish in Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: O Oteri, Vivian , P Ugbomeh, Adaobi , Miebaka Moslen, , I Ugbomeh, Leonard
Published: June 2021

Catfish are important fishery resources in the Niger Delta therefore they require studies on its growth patterns and morphometrics. This study examined the relationship between the length and width of catfish otoliths and their fish length. Catfish samples were harvested from New Calabar and Ase Rivers, Niger Delta, Nigeria, by fishers using cast net and purse seines. The fishes were identified, measured, otoliths removed and measured using standard methods. Simple linear regressions expressed the relationship between otolith dimensions and fish length. A total of 80 individuals made up of 7 species from 5 families (Ariidae, Claroteidae, Claridae, Schilbeidae and Mochokidae) were selected for this study. Correlation analysis between the morphometric parameters of the otoliths from the catfish species in the study area revealed a strong positive correlation between the total length of the fish and the length of the otoliths, with R2 values ranging from 0.86 to 0.98. There was also a strong positive correlation between total fish length and otolith width. The relationship between otolith length and width with the fish length in this study showed curvilinearity, indicating the usefulness of the otolith proportions in back calculation of the length of the fish in biological and paleontological studies.
A Comparative Analysis of Fractionation of Potassium in Soils from Some Refuse Dumpsites in Benin City Nigeria
Authors: Oviasogie P. O. , Okoro D. , Ikyaahemba P. T.
Published: June 2021

A study on potassium dynamics and fractionation was carried out in Benin City to determine the amount and distribution of k fraction in soil samples collected from different refuse dumpsites. The sand, silt and clay contents of the dumpsites soils varied from 83.3 to 95.3, 0.60 to 3.35 and 2.55 to 15.10%, respectively. Soils were dominantly sandy with textural classes varying from sand to loamy sand down at depth. The result revealed that the water-soluble k and Exchangeable k range from 163.8 to 643.4 mg/kg in surface soils and 271.1 to 319.8 mg/kg in sub-surface in Benin-Onitsha Bypass and Benin-Warri Bypass. The difficult exchangeable k content ranged from 93.6 to 483.6 mg/kg and 50.1 to 467.9 mg/kg .in the surface and sub-surface of the dumpsites; K content was highest in the subsurface soils than in surface soils due to high deposition of refuse from surface soils within the dumpsites. In general, distribution of K forms decreased in the order reserved K > fixed > water-soluble > Exchangeable K, Structural K > Diff. Exch. K as well as the mobility factor for each of the refuse dumpsite investigated. Similarly, the amount of the various forms of k extracted decreased as the soil pH decreased. The soil samples collected far away from the dumpsites have lower concentrations of k forms compared to those from the vicinity of the dumpsites. This shows that the waste dumps had higher concentration of elements, thereby interacting with the soil and enhance their dominance within the dumpsites. The particle size fraction of the refuse dump suggests the need for consideration of active soil portions for sustainable K management of the environment.
Estimation of Salivary pH, Viscosity, Flow Rate in Children with and without Early Childhood Caries – An Observational Study
Authors: Ravikumar Dhanalakshmi , Ramani Pratibha , Gayathri R.
Published: June 2021

Background and Objectives: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a chronic disease of childhood affecting the primary dentition. It is also termed as nursing caries or baby bottle tooth decay. It has a multifactorial etiology and salivary parameters are considered as one of the important etiological factors of ECC. The present study was done to compare the salivary pH, flow rate and viscosity in children with and without ECC.

Materials and Methods: It is a cross-sectional observational study conducted at Saveetha Dental college and Hospitals. Children between 3-6 years were examined and 20 caries free, 20 children with ECC and 20 children with Severe ECC were recruited for the study. The examination and sample collection were done by a single qualified Pediatric dentist. The samples were collected and analysed for salivary pH, flow rate and viscosity.

Results: The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in salivary pH levels in children with and without ECC. Statistically significant difference was evident in salivary flow rate and viscosity in caries-free, moderate ECC and severe ECC children.

Conclusion:

There is no significant difference in salivary pH levels in children with and without ECC.

There is a significant difference in salivary flow rate and viscosity among caries free, moderate ECC and Severe ECC children

Higher flow rate and low viscosity results in reduced caries occurance
Wireless Power Transfer and Telemetry for Implantable Bioelectronics
Authors: Yoo Seungwon , Lee Jonghun , Joo Hyunwoo , Sunwoo Sung‐Hyuk , Kim Sanghoek , Kim Dae‐Hyeong
Published: June 2021

Implantable bioelectronic devices are becoming useful and prospective solutions for various diseases owing to their ability to monitor or manipulate body functions. However, conventional implantable devices (e.g., pacemaker and neurostimulator) are still bulky and rigid, which is mostly due to the energy storage component. In addition to mechanical mismatch between the bulky and rigid implantable device and the soft human tissue, another significant drawback is that the entire device should be surgically replaced once the initially stored energy is exhausted. Besides, retrieving physiological information across a closed epidermis is a tricky procedure. However, wireless interfaces for power and data transfer utilizing radio frequency (RF) microwave offer a promising solution for resolving such issues. While the RF interfacing devices for power and data transfer are extensively investigated and developed using conventional electronics, their application to implantable bioelectronics is still a challenge owing to the constraints and requirements of in vivo environments, such as mechanical softness, small module size, tissue attenuation, and biocompatibility. This work elucidates the recent advances in RF‐based power transfer and telemetry for implantable bioelectronics to tackle such challenges.
A Harmless–Harmful Switchable and Uninterrupted Laccase‐Instructed Killer for Activatable Chemodynamic Therapy
Authors: Zhou Tian‐Jiao , Xu Yuan , Xing Lei , Wang Yi , Jiang Hu‐Lin
Published: June 2021

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) employs Fenton catalysts to kill cancer cells by converting intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into hydroxyl radicals (OH•). Although many studies on H2O2 supplementation have been conducted to improve the therapeutic effect of CDT, few studies have focused on the application of superoxide radical (O2−•) in CDT, which may result in better efficacy. A major concern about O2−•‐mediated CDT is its tendency to induce serious oxidative damage to normal tissues, which may be addressed by using a degradable O2−• scavenger. Here, a harmless‐harmful switchable and uninterrupted laccase (LAC)‐instructed killer (HULK) is constructed, which is the first CDT agent accelerated by LAC‐instructed O2−• generation and possesses a harmless‐harmful switchable effect because of the photodegradation of the O2−• scavenger iron‐chlorin e6 (FeCe6). LAC‐instructed substrate oxidation effectively catalyzes O2−• production with the help of intracellular reduction, thereby promoting the conversion of Fe3+ to Fe2+, accelerating the generation of OH•, and inducing tumor cell apoptosis and necrosis. The introduced O2−• scavenger FeCe6 is quickly photodegraded during irradiation, while LAC‐instructed O2−• generation proceeds as before, resulting in activatable CDT. This work not only provides the first strategy for LAC‐instructed O2−• generation but also presents new insight into activatable CDT.
Ultrathin Yet Robust Single Lithium‐Ion Conducting Quasi‐Solid‐State Polymer‐Brush Electrolytes Enable Ultralong‐Life and Dendrite‐Free Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhou Minghong , Liu Ruliang , Jia Danyang , Cui Yin , Liu Qiantong , Liu Shaohong , Wu Dingcai
Published: June 2021

Quasi‐solid‐state polymer electrolytes are one of the most promising candidates for long‐life lithium‐metal batteries. However, introduction of plasticizers for high ion conductivity at room temperature inevitably gives rise to poor mechanical strength and requires a very thick electrolyte membrane, which is detrimental to safety and energy density of the batteries. Herein, inspired by tube brushes coupling hardness with softness, a novel superstructured polymer bottlebrush BC‐g‐PLiSTFSI‐b‐PEGM (BC = bacterial cellulose; PLiSTFSI = poly(lithium 4‐styrenesulfonyl‐(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide); PEGM = poly(diethylene glycol monomethyl ether methacrylate)) with a hard nanofibril backbone and soft functional polymer side‐chains is reported as an effective strategy to well balance the mechanical strength and ion conductivity of quasi‐solid‐state polymer electrolytes. The resulting single lithium‐ion conducting quasi‐solid‐state polymer‐brush electrolytes (SLIC‐QSPBEs) integrate the features of the ultrathin membrane thickness (10 µm), the nanofibril backbone‐strengthened porous nanonetwork (Young's modulus = 1.9 GPa), and the high‐rate single lithium‐ion conducting diblock copolymer brushes. As a result, the ultrathin yet robust SLIC‐QSPBEs enable ultralong‐term (over 3300 h) reversible and stable lithium plating/stripping in Li/Li symmetrical cell at a current density of 1 mA cm−2 for lithium anode. This work affords a promising strategy to develop advanced electrolytes for solid‐state lithium‐metal batteries.
Ultrahigh‐Gain Organic Electrochemical Transistor Chemosensors Based on Self‐Curled Nanomembranes
Authors: Ferro Letícia M. M. , Merces Leandro , de Camargo Davi H. S. , Bof Bufon Carlos C.
Published: June 2021

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are technologically relevant devices presenting high susceptibility to physical stimulus, chemical functionalization, and shape changes—jointly to versatility and low production costs. The OECT capability of liquid‐gating addresses both electrochemical sensing and signal amplification within a single integrated device unit. However, given the organic semiconductor time‐consuming doping process and their usual low field‐effect mobility, OECTs are frequently considered low‐end category devices. Toward high‐performance OECTs, microtubular electrochemical devices based on strain‐engineering are presented here by taking advantage of the exclusive shape features of self‐curled nanomembranes. Such novel OECTs outperform the state‐of‐the‐art organic liquid‐gated transistors, reaching lower operating voltage, improved ion doping, and a signal amplification with a >104 intrinsic gain. The multipurpose OECT concept is validated with different electrolytes and distinct nanometer‐thick molecular films, namely, phthalocyanine and thiophene derivatives. The OECTs are also applied as transducers to detect a biomarker related to neurological diseases, the neurotransmitter dopamine. The self‐curled OECTs update the premises of electrochemical energy conversion in liquid‐gated transistors, yielding a substantial performance improvement and new chemical sensing capabilities within picoliter sampling volumes.
An Environmental Perception Self‐Adaptive Discolorable Hydrogel Film toward Sensing and Display
Authors: Xue Jingze , Yao Mengnan , Wang Guoyong , Wang Zuankai , Shen Liang , Liu Qingping , Liu Yan
Published: June 2021

Vision perception, especially color change, is the most direct and convenient way of feedback among numerous information recognition modes. Because of unique discoloration property upon stimulation, photonic crystals have attracted wide attention. Herein, with a facile UV polymerization process under the magnetic field, a sensitive photonic hydrogel film with vivid structural color is made. The structural color comes from the 1D chain‐like structures assembled by the carbon‐encapsulated Fe3O4 colloidal nanocrystal clusters (Fe3O4@CNCs), which are embedded in the flexible hydrogel matrix. The hydrogel can adapt its size to the environment, resulting in the regulation of intergranular distance and apparent color variation. Thus, a hydrogel film with humidity, ion concentration, and stress responsivity can be obtained, showing high sensitivity, stability, and full reversibility in a wide range of visible spectrum. It can be designed as a reusable display board or applied to colorimetric measurements similar to pH test paper. Innovatively, the hydrogel film is integrated as back reflectors to improve the efficiency of semitransparent polymer solar cells while protecting devices. This structural color hydrogel film makes it easier to recognize environmental dynamic changes and provide a wider application prospect in optics devices, sensing, display, and diagnostics.
A general framework and optimization models for the scheduling of continuous chemical processes
Authors: Wu Yaqing , Maravelias Christos T.
Published: June 2021

We present a framework for the formulation and solution of continuous process scheduling problems. We focus on modeling transient operations such as startups, shutdowns, and transitions between steady states. First, we show how the concept of processing tasks can be generalized to represent continuous processes, including their transient operations. Second, we discuss how to systematically calculate the parameters describing material consumption/production and utility consumption during transient operations. Finally, we present new mixed‐integer linear programming formulations for the scheduling of continuous chemical production.
Central compartment atopic disease: outcomes compared with other subtypes of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Steehler Andrew J. , Vuncannon Jackson R. , Wise Sarah K. , DelGaudio John M.
Published: June 2021

Background

Central compartment atopic disease (CCAD) is a variant of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) characterized by polypoid changes of the superior nasal septum, middle (MT), and/or superior turbinates (ST). This study evaluates surgical outcomes in patients with CCAD compared with other CRSwNP subtypes.

Methods

Retrospective analysis was performed at Emory University from May 2012 to November 2019. Patients undergoing primary endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for CCAD, aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS), and CRSwNP not otherwise specified (CRSwNP NOS) were included consecutively, beginning with the earliest date of CCAD patient. Outcome measures included polyp recurrence, revision ESS, oral steroid use, and oral antibiotic use. Pearson chi‐square and univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed for group comparisons.

Results

Data was collected for 132 patients (CCAD = 38, AERD = 20, AFRS = 37, CRSwNP NOS = 37; 58 females, mean age 42.9 years [range, 13–85 years]). CCAD patients demonstrated polyp recurrence less frequently than expected, whereas AFRS patients had polyp recurrence more frequently than expected (p = 0.003; phi 0.32). CCAD patients underwent revision ESS less frequently than expected; AFRS and CRSwNP NOS underwent revision ESS more frequently than expected (p = 0.03; phi 0.26). CRSwNP NOS patients received more total antibiotic courses than those with CCAD (p = 0.01; eta‐squared 0.09) and more courses of antibiotics per month than those with AFRS (p = 0.03; eta‐squared 0.07). There was no significant difference in follow‐up measures across groups (number of visits, total months, or visits per month).

Conclusion

Rates of polyp recurrence and revision ESS were significantly lower in CCAD patients compared with patients with other CRSwNP subtypes, suggesting durable benefit of ESS and postoperative medical therapy in CCAD patients.
The GSDMB rs7216389 SNP is associated with chronic rhinosinusitis in a multi‐institutional cohort
Authors: Zack Dana E. , Stern Debra A. , Willis Amanda L. , Kim Alexander S. , Mansfield Corinne J. , Reed Danielle R. , Brooks Steven G. , Adappa Nithin D. , Palmer James N. , Cohen Noam A. , Chiu Alexander G. , Song Brian H. , Le Chris H. , Chang Eugene H.
Published: June 2021

Background

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a multifactorial disease with a high co‐occurrence with asthma. In this multicohort study, we tested whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with childhood asthma and rhinovirus (RV)‐associated disease are related to an increased susceptibility to adult CRS in a multicohort retrospective case‐control study.

Methods

Participants at two tertiary academic rhinology centers, University of Arizona (UofA) and University of Pennsylvania (UPenn) were recruited. Cases were defined as those with physician diagnosed CRS (UofA, n = 149; UPenn, n = 250), and healthy controls were those without CRS (UofA, n = 66; UPenn, n = 275). Genomic DNA was screened for the GSDMB rs7216389 SNP and CDHR3 rs6967330 SNP. Gene dosage, or the number of combined risk alleles in a single subject was calculated. Meta‐analysis of the association between GSDMB or CDHR3 genotypes and CRS was performed and additive gene dosage effect for each population calculated using p for trend.

Results

A meta‐analysis revealed a combined increased risk for CRS in subjects with the GSDMB rs7216389 SNP (odds ratio [OR] 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16–1.76; p = 0.004). Both the UofA (OR 1.73; 95% CI, 1.23–2.43; p = 0.002) and UPenn (OR 1.27; 95% CI, 1.02–1.58; p = 0.035) populations showed a significant positive association between the number of combined risk alleles of GSDMB rs7216389 SNP and CDHR3 rs6967330 SNP and risk for CRS.

Conclusion

Carriers of the GSDMB rs7216389 SNP and CDHR3 rs6967330 SNP are at increased susceptibility for CRS. These data suggest that therapeutic approaches to target aberrant responses to RV infection may play a role in the treatment of unified airway disease.
Fabrication of an antifoulingGO‐TiO2/PESultrafiltration membrane
Authors: Wang Wei , Shi Ya Ping , Zhang Peng , Zhang Zhi Chao , Xu Xin
Published: June 2021

PES ultrafiltration membrane is widely used in various fields due to its high‐filtration efficiency. However, due to its hydrophobicity, PES ultrafiltration membrane has poor antifouling performance, this reduced service life and increased industrial cost. Blending is a common method in ultrafiltration membrane hydrophilic modification. Adding a small amount of inorganic nanoparticles into the polymer membrane can improve the properties of the polymer membrane. However, nanoparticles are not uniformly dispersed in polymer membrane, which hindering the modification ability of nanoparticles to ultrafiltration membrane. In this paper, GO‐TiO2materials were prepared by hydrothermal method, and GO‐TiO2/PES blended ultrafiltration membranes were fabricated by nonsolvent induced phase separation (NIPs). The experimental results show that GO‐TiO2disperse uniformly in GO‐TiO2/PES ultrafiltration membrane, which greatly improved the antifouling performance of the membrane. When the addition amount of GO‐TiO2is 0.6%, the water flux of membrane reaches 194.5 (L m−2 h−1), and the rejection rate of BSA reaches 89.4%. After three pollutions‐cycles, the flux recovery rate of the membrane is 90.2%.
Combined effect of transglutaminase and phenolic extract of Spirulina platensis in films based on starch and gelatin recovered from chrome III tanned leather waste
Authors: Rosseto Marieli , Rigueto Cesar Vinicius Toniciolli , Krein Daniela Dal Castel , Massuda Lillian Avila , Balbé Naiana Pereira , Colla Luciane Maria , Dettmer Aline
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to enhance the properties of films produced from corn starch and gelatin recovered from chrome (III) tanned leather waste (CTLW) through the addition of transglutaminase enzyme (TGase) and phenolic extracts from Spirulina platensis (PESP). Mechanical, chemical, physical, and biological properties were analyzed and compared with control films elaborated in the same conditions but with commercial gelatin (COM). The possibility of applying the film as soil cover was analyzed through its degradation when exposed to the surface of a garden soil for a period of 60 days. The TGase caused a reduction of 50% in solubility in water, and 2% in the water vapor permeability (PWV), and PESP caused a reduction of 17% in solubility and 15% in PWV. The combined effect of TGase and PESP was a 60% reduction in solubility, 75% reduction in PWV, inhibition of contamination by Aspergillus niger, and reduction of film degradation on soil covering, evidenced by stability analysis using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry. The combined effect of TGase with PESP led to an improvement in the characteristics of the film produced with CTLW gelatin, rendering its application possible due to a higher lifespan, contributing to environmental sustainability and diminishing leather waste disposal at landfills. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Scale‐up of an intensified bioprocess for the expansion of bovine adipose‐derived stem cells (bASCs) in stirred tank bioreactors
Authors: Hanga Mariana Petronela , de la Raga Fritz Anthony , Moutsatsou Panagiota , Hewitt Christopher J. , Nienow Alvin W. , Wall Ivan
Published: June 2021

Cultivated meat is an emerging field, aiming to establish the production of animal tissue for human consumption in an in vitro environment, eliminating the need to raise and slaughter animals for their meat. To realise this, the expansion of primary cells in a bioreactor is needed to achieve the high cell numbers required. The aim of this study was to develop a scalable, microcarrier based, intensified bioprocess for the expansion of bovine adipose‐derived stem cells as precursors of fat and muscle tissue. The intensified bioprocess development was carried out initially in spinner flasks of different sizes and then translated to fully controlled litre scale benchtop bioreactors. Bioprocess intensification was achieved by utilising the previously demonstrated bead‐to‐bead transfer phenomenon and through the combined addition of microcarrier and medium to double the existing surface area and working volume in the bioreactor. Choosing the optimal time point for the additions was critical in enhancing the cell expansion. A significant fold increase of 114.19 ± 1.07 was obtained at the litre scale in the intensified bioprocess compared to the baseline (**p < .005). The quality of the cells was evaluated pre‐ and post‐expansion and the cells were found to maintain their phenotype and differentiation capacity.