bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENYERAPAN TENAGA KERJA DI PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Puspita Shafa Nanda , Maryani Sri , Purwantho Herry
Published: December 2021

Labor absorption is an important factor in supporting economic development through national income. The low level of employment is still a problem in various regions in Indonesia, especially in Central Java Province. The problem of employment, can be overcome by maximizing the factors that affect the increase in labor absorption. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the factors that are thought to affect the increase in labor absorption. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence labor absorption in Central Java Province. This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach with a panel data regression model. The best model selection test used is the Chow test, Hausman test, and Lagrange Multiplier test (LM) Test which was carried out using the Eviews 9 software. This study uses cross section data from 35 districts/cities in Central Java Province and time series data on the number of workers, labor force, unemployment, minimum wages, and GRDP of each district/city for the 2015-2020 period. The results of the discussion show that simultaneously and partially the number of workers, the number of the workforce, the number of unemployed, the minimum wage, and GRDP have an effect on the absorption of labor in Central Java Province.
Diplomacija u međunarodnim odnosima
Authors: Kos-Stanišić Lidija , Domjančić Stjepan
Published: December 2021

Namjera autora članka je upoznati hrvatsku akademsku i stručnu javnost sa specifičnim oblikom diplomacije – vojnom odnosno obrambenom diplomacijom. prvi odjeljak članka posvećen je diplomaciji kao sastavnom dijelu međunarodnih odnosa kao grane politologije, odnosno razlikovanju diplomacije od diplomatskih studija, drugi povijesti vojne i nastanku obrambene diplomacije, treći njenim zadaćama i osobitostima u 21. stoljeću, četvrti terminološkim nedoumicama između vojne i obrambene diplomacije, dok je posljednji odjeljak posvećen razvoju vojne diplomacije u republici Hrvatskoj. autori zaključuju da je diplomacija dio međunarodnih odnosa kao grane politologije, ali i to da međunarodni odnosi ne polažu monopol na diplomaciju, dok analizom definicija i zadaća diplomacije čiji su glavni akteri vojni ili obrambeni izaslanici, autori zaključuju da vojna diplomacija i obrambena diplomacija predstavljaju dvije faze razvoja vojno/obrambene diplomacije. Zbog promjene njezinih osnovnih zadaća, do pada berlinskog zida 1989. obavještajne aktivnosti bile su prioritetna djelatnost vojne diplomacije, dok je u poslijehladnoratovskom razdoblju težište obrambene diplomacije na unapređenju odnosa, partnerstvu i suradnji među državama, stoga je tijekom 1990-ih došlo do promjene naziva diplomacije. vezano za republiku Hrvatsku, autori smatraju da se iz povijesnih i tradicionalnih razloga i dalje koristi termin vojna diplomacija, iako se pod tim imenom obavljaju zadaće obrambene diplomacije.
Modification of the radiation transfer equations to take into account NLTE effects in the simulations of supernova light curves by the radiation hydrodynamic code STELLA
Authors: Potashov Marat Shamilevich , Baklanov Petr Valerievich , Blinnikov Sergei Ivanovich
Published: December 2021

The observed supernova broadband light curves serve as an extensive source of information about the physics of presupernovae and about the processes taking place during supernova outbursts. Their modeling requires complex calculations using radiation-hydrodynamic codes. The paper proposes to modify the STELLA radiation-hydrodynamic code to take into account NLTE (local thermodynamic equilibrium) effects in the calculation of supernova light curves. The paper provides a theoretical justification for the need to take into account the effects of NLTE when calculating the level number densities of multicharged plasma in a supernova envelope. A modification of equations of time-dependent radiation transfer and the equation of gas energy to take into account the NLTE effects is described. Various methods of mean opacity coefficients in the expanding envelope of supernovae are analyzed.
Media Coverage in Times of Crisis. Intermedia Agenda-setting of COVID-19 – related Topics
Authors: Buturoiu Dana Raluca , Voloc Ana
Published: December 2021

In times of crisis, the media play a crucial role in offering people information and updates related to the ongoing events. Thus, the media implicitly shape public opinion on the issues they cover and, as a result, influence public attitudes and behaviors. In this context, this paper aims at analyzing the media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, by means of quantitative content analysis (N=1511) conducted on both television and online news stories released during March 18-31 2020, this study sheds light on the agenda-setting effects of the media and the phenomenon known as intermedia agenda-setting. Main results show that, in spring 2020, both television and online news stories extensively covered COVID-19 topics, focusing on domestic issues such as decisions taken by the authorities in order to manage the pandemic, effects of the virus, and statistics. Furthermore, results show a relatively high intermedia agenda-setting effect within the Romanian media environment. Content published online (either in the form of social media content or online stories) is frequently “borrowed” and cited in both online and television news stories, leading us to the idea that digital media might have become mainstream information sources.
Public Relations towards Member Engagement in Advocacy Networks: the ‘No Pesticides on My Plate’ Campaign
Authors: Bicakci A. Banu
Published: December 2021

When civil society organisations (CSOs) of asymmetric size, structure and scope become members of an advocacy network, all those variations may lead to discrepant communicative behaviour. Therefore, encouraging member organisations to collaborate and co-create messages towards an advocacy goal is a major challenge. To examine member engagement in an advocacy network, this study scrutinizes the strategic communication activities of an environmental network in Turkey, and reviews their EU-funded campaign named ‘No Pesticides on My Plate’ accordingly. Grounded in the relationship management framework, this paper suggests that the power of relevant public relations strategies and tactics should be taken into account as to ensure the effectiveness of member CSOs’ actions in an advocacy network. Depending on a case study to examine the subject, it demonstrates how interpersonal communication and media tactics may be utilised to achieve member relations goals and finally to pursue social change.
Review of Paul Dobrescu’s 'Dragonii dezvoltării: Revine istoria pe supercontinentul euroasiatic?'
Authors: Vlad Tudor
Published: December 2021

From my point of view, Paul Dobrescu is one of the very few independent scholars and researchers in Romania, in the area of political and economic analysis. His studies do not answer to “orders” or fashions; They are based on sources and expertise that cannot be denied, and are built on broad cultural, historical, political and economic perspectives. Development, one of the main topics of the author, is examined in its complexity, as a testimony of a country or of a culture.
The Relevance among Dietary Habits, Body Mass Index and Oral Disease Symptom Experiences of Korean High School Students-Focusing on the 15th Online Youth Health Behavior Survey in 2019
Authors: Jang Ji Eon , Jeong Sun Rak
Published: December 2021

Objectives: This study was to survey the distribution of Korean high school students’ dietary habits, body mass index (BMI) and oral symptom experiences and analyze the relevance of those to contribute to the development of a program to prevent and manage their oral diseases.Methods: The analysis was based on the raw data of the 15th Online Youth Health Behavior Survey in 2019 and the subjects were 27,919 high school students which went under complex sample analysis.Results: In the dietary habits of the subjects, the highest were ‘once or twice a week’ with 33.8% in recent 7 days’ fruit intake frequency, 42.9% of ‘once or twice a week’ in soda intake frequency, 35.8% of ‘once or twice a week’ in sweet drinks frequency, and 56.1% of ‘once or twice a week’ in fast food frequency. BMI showed the highest 52.9% of ‘normal’, 19.5% of ‘obesity’, 14.1% of ‘overweight’, and 13.5% of ‘underweight’ in order. In the recent 12-month experience of oral disease symptoms, the highest was 39.2% of ‘none’ with 25.4% of ‘one’, 18.0% of ‘more than three’, and 17.4% of ‘two’ in order. In the affecting factors on BMI ‘3 or 4 times a week’ in soda, ‘once or twice a week’ in sweet drinks were significantly high and ‘3 or 4 times a week’ were significantly low in vegetable intake (p< 0.05). The affecting factors on oral disease symptoms were significantly lower with male than female, and those on academic achievements and economic status were significantly lower in ‘mid’ than in ‘low’ (p< 0.01). ‘Once or twice a week’ soda intake and less sweet drinks and fast food were significantly low (p< 0.01). Less vegetable intake showed significantly higher (p< 0.01), and there were no significant relevance between BMI and oral disease symptoms.Conclusions: It is suggested that a program be developed as soon as possible for preventing and managing oral diseases for adolescents to grow up to be healthy adults in terms of surveying characteristic distribution of dietary habits, BMI and oral disease symptoms and analyzing the relevance among them efficiently.
The Effects of Self-leadership, Self-directed Learning Competency, and Clinical Competency on Career Adaptability of Nursing Students: Focusing on Mediating Effects of Self-directed Learning Competency and Clinical Competency
Authors: Park Hyun Sook
Published: December 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the impacts of self-leadership, self-directed learning competency, and clinical competency on the career adaptability of nursing college students. This study also was conducted to explore the mediating effects of self-directed learning competency and clinical competency on the relationship between self-leadership and career adaptability among nursing college students.Methods: Participants were 150 nursing college students. Data were collected from November 1 to November 30, 2020 using self-report questionnaires and were analyzed using frequency, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, multiple regression analysis, and Baron and Kenny’s method for mediation with IBM SPSS 22.0.Results: The regression model explained 64.0% variance of nursing college students’ career adaptability (F = 63.94, p< 0.001). Significant factors were clinical competency (β= 0.40, p< 0.001), self-directed learning competency (β= 0.36, p< 0.001), self-leadership (β= 0.18, p= 0.011), and application motivation (β= 0.11, p= 0.035). Moreover, self-directed learning competency showed partial mediating effects on self-leadership and career adaptability. Clinical competency also showed partial mediating effects on self-leadership and career adaptability.Conclusions: The results suggest that nursing college students’ career adaptability can be increased through strategies aimed at increasing self-leadership, self-directed learning competency, and clinical competency.
TRAINING OF DOCTORS IN THE RUSSIAN SUBJECTS OF THE SIBERIAN FEDERAL OKRUG
Authors:   Irkutsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the russian Federation, Irkutsk, Makarov S.V. , Gaidarov G.M. ,   Irkutsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the russian Federation, Irkutsk
Published: December 2021

Significance. Training of medical personnel is the most important factor determining the level of development of human resources in health care. The transformations that have been taken place in the Russian system of higher medical education in recent years substantuate scientific research in this area. Purpose of the study: to analyze training of doctors in the subjects of the Russian Federation that are part of the Siberian Federal Okrug. Material and methods. The authors used specially developed statistical maps, which included information from the reporting forms «No. 1-Monitoring», the number of which corresponded to the number of medical universities and medical faculties in the subjects of the Siberian Federal Okrug, 10 in total. Each of the statistical maps included over 30 criteria. Results. The study has identified subjects of the Russian Federation in the Siberian Federal Okrug with population growth accompanied by the reduced number of doctors (the Republic of Tyva and Altai), which only exacerbated their shortage. However, against the background of the population decline, there is a rather pronounced increase in the number of medical personnel (the Irkutsk Oblast and the Republic of Khakassia) in some subjects of the Siberian Federal Okrug, The subject ranking based on the comparison of indicators of the number of doctors and volumes of their training in these regions, shows that the Tomsk, Novosibirsk and Omsk regions, where, despite the high number of medical personnel, there is a large number of medical graduates, top the ranking. Vice versa, in other subjects of the Siberian Federal Okrug, the relatively low number of medical personnel is combined with small volumes of training of doctors (the Republic of Khakassia, the Republic of Altai and Kemerovo region), preventing effective ellemination of the personnale shortage in the coming years. Analysis of indicators characterizing activities of medical universities in the Siberian Federal Okrug made it possible to compare subjects of the Siberian Federal Okrug by the most important performance criteria, including implementation of the educational process, development level of infrastructure, financial and economic indicators, and others. The results obtained made it possible to determine ranking positions of each educational organization that trains doctors in the Siberian Federal Okrug. Conclusion. The presented results are recommended for use in the process of forming the evidence-based personnel policy in health, both at the level of the Siberian Federal Okrug and in other regions of the Russian Federation, while the presented experience in conducting such studies is recommended for use in general management of health personnel.
SCIENTIFIC SUBSTANTIATION OF POLYCLINIC STRUCTURE AT THE CENTRAL DISTRICT HOSPITAL
Authors:   Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Rugol L.V. ,   Moscow, Russia
Published: December 2021

Significance. The existing personnel imbalance in health care, including the number of medical staff and occupied positions in the central district hospitals (CDH) of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and structural units of these hospitals, makes it difficult to improve availability and quality of primary health care (PHC). Development and implementation of the standard CDH models with the standard staffing table, on the basis of which it is possible to form the optimal structure of the central district hospital with the optimal staffing table based on the justified need for human resources, will contribute to improving quality and availability of primary health care at the municipal level. Purpose of the study: to significantly substantiate the regular number of medical personnel of the central district hospital with differently sized catchment areas. Material and methods: Forms of the federal statistical observation (FSN) No. 30 in the pilot territories in three constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the three different federal districts, procedures for care delivery by specialty. Analytical and statistical methods. Results. Actually, a doctor position should be included in the CRH staffing table if the standards allow for the full-time position. Certain health specialties allow for part-time positions if the outpatient and inpatient positions of the specialists can be combined into one full-time position, or part-time positions in the related specialties in the polyclinic with due regard to the population demand. Results. The structure of the CDH polyclinic and the list of full-time medical positions considerably differ depending on the size of the attached population. The adequate number of specialty doctors is ensured by the CDH work organization, distribution of specialists across separate subdivisions that are part of the CDH structure, and the use of telehealth technologies.
Axial Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Davis Christina M. , Beck David C.
Published: December 2021

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an inflammatory condition that is challenging to diagnose, especially early in its clinical course. Delays in recognizing, diagnosing, and properly classifying cases of AS allow for ongoing clinical progression, which can result in avoidable pain, debilitation, and other negative impacts on quality of life and participation in life and society to the fullest. In this review article, we present background information about AS, as well as diagnostic tools and other guidance for physician assistants and other health care providers to aid in its early detection and appropriate classification to facilitate impactful treatment.
Novel Analytical Solution and Type-Curves for Lost-Circulation Diagnostics of Drilling Mud in Fractured Formation
Authors: Albattat Rami , Hoteit Hussein
Published: December 2021

Loss of circulation is a major problem that often causes interruption to drilling operations, and reduction in efficiency. This problem often occurs when the drilled wellbore encounters a high permeable formation such as faults or fractures, leading to total or partial leakage of the drilling fluids. In this work, we present a novel semi-analytical solution and type-curves that offer a quick and accurate diagnostic tool to assess the lost-circulation of Herschel-Bulkley fluids in fractured media. Based on the pressure and mud loss trends, the tool can estimate the effective fracture conductivity, the cumulative mud-loss volume, and the leakage period. The behavior of lost-circulation into fractured formation can be assessed using analytical methods that can be deployed to perform flow diagnostics, such as the rate of fluid leakage and the associated fracture hydraulic properties. In this study, we develop a new semi-analytical method to quantify the leakage of drilling fluid flow into fractures. The developed model is applicable for non-Newtonian fluids with exhibiting yield-power-law, including shear thickening and thinning, and Bingham plastic fluids. We propose new dimensionless groups and generate novel dual type-curves, which circumvent the non-uniqueness issues in trend matching of type-curves. We use numerical simulations based on finite-elements to verify the accuracy of the proposed solution, and compare it with existing analytical solutions from the literature. Based on the proposed semi-analytical solution, we propose new dimensionless groups and generate type-curves to describe the dimensionless mud-loss volume versus the dimensionless time. To address the non-uniqueness matching issue, we propose, for the first time, complimentary derivative-based type-curves. Both type-curve sets are used in a dual trend matching, which significantly reduced the non-uniqueness issue that is typically encountered in type-curves. We use data for lost circulation from a field case to show the applicability of the proposed method. We apply the semi-analytical solver, combined with Monte-Carlo simulations, to perform a sensitivity study to assess the uncertainty of various fluid and subsurface parameters, including the hydraulic property of the fracture and the probabilistic prediction of the rate of mud leakage into the formation. The proposed approach is based on a novel semi-analytical solution and type-curves to model the flow behavior of Herschel-Bulkley fluids into fractured reservoirs, which can be used as a quick diagnostic tool to evaluate lost-circulation in drilling operations.
Environmental Control of Inter-annual Variability of Net Ecosystem Exchange in Rice-rice Cropping System
Authors: Swain Chinmaya Kumar , Nayak Amaresh Kumar , Chatterjee Dibyendu , Pattanaik Suchismita , Bhattacharyya Pratap , Shanmugam Vijayakumar , Tripathi Rahul , Chatterjee Sumanta , Shahid Mohammad , Pradhan Abhijit , Mohapatra Kiran Kumar , Singh Nihar Ranjan
Published: December 2021

Consecutive five-year long eddy covariance measurements in a lowland tropical rice-rice system were used to investigate the impacts of gross primary productivity (GPP), climate drivers and ecosystem responses (i.e. ecosystem respiration, RE) on the inter-annual variability (IAV) of the net ecosystem exchange (NEE), which is directly related to the agricultural productivity and climate change. The IAV of carbon dioxide fluxes in two crop growing phases i.e. dry and wet season along with fallow period were analysed. The respiratory fluxes build up during the non-growing season were lower by net uptake in growing season. Annual cumulative value of NEE was negative (sink) in both the crop growing season. The variability of climate drivers and changes in the ecosystem responses to drivers revealed a large intra-annual as well as inter-annual variability of net ecosystem fluxes. NEE was found to be strongly correlated with GPP and RE and also with other metrological variables such as photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), precipitation, air temperature and soil temperature. The anomalies of NEE, GPP and RE were observed to be less in 2017 and 2018 which may be due to lower temperature anomalies recorded in these years. Further understanding of biological mechanisms is needed which is involved in the variation of climatological variables to improve our ability to predict future IAV of NEE.
U(VI) Adsorption onto Low Dose Radiation Acclimated Tradescantia Fluminensis
Authors: Liu Jun , Shu Junxiang , Shi Shilong , Li Chao , Li Bing , Liang Dabiao , Li Fei , Lan Tu , Liao Jiali , Liu Ning , Zhang Kunming
Published: December 2021

The plants that long-term grown in radiation area could be acclimated by low dose radiation (LDR). In this paper, LDR acclimated Tradescantia fluminensis (Commelinaceae) was first collected as a biomass adsorbent towards uranium adsorption. Comparative experiments verified the potential radiation effects of LDR acclimation, moreover, qe values of the wild and LDR acclimated Tradescantia fluminensis were ~16 mg/g and 20 mg/g, respectively. U(VI) adsorption amount gradually reached equilibrium after 180 min shaking, and the adsorption process described well by the pseudo-second-order model. However, ionic strength has no obvious effect on the qe values. SEM and TG-DSC suggested good structural stability of LDR acclimated Tradescantia fluminensis during the U(VI) adsorption process. FTIR and XPS verfied the surface coordination of U(VI) via -OH and -COOH groups on LDR acclimated Tradescantia fluminensis surface, and the increasing amounts of the two groups could account for the improved U(VI) adsorption capacity compared to the wild Tradescantia fluminensis. Our present work can indicate that LDR acclimation could be a novel way to obtain biomass adsorbents for U(VI) removal from aqueous solutions.
Determination of the Effect of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles (MgO-NP) on in Vitro Culture of Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata L. Walp)
Authors: KOÇAK Rabia , OKCU Melih , Haliloglu Kamil , Alayli Azize , Nadaroglu Hayrunnisa
Published: December 2021

This study was carried out to determine the effect of different doses of MgO nanoparticles (MgO-NP's) on in vitro regeneration of cowpea. MgO NPs used in the study were synthesized using walnut shell extract by green synthesis method. MgO nanoparticles with 35-40 nm size were used in this research. In the study, the effect of different doses of MgO NP applied to cowpea plant on all in vitro parameters was found to be significant. Considering the parameters examined, the best results in morphogenesis were 185 mg/L, 370 mg/L and 555 mg/L MgO-NPs applications, the highest shoot formation rate was obtained 82.50% with 555 mg/L(MgO-NPs) and 72.50% with 370 mg/L (MgO-NPs). The highest mean values of shoot number, shoot number per explant and shoot length were observed in the application of 370 mg/L MgO-NPs with 61.25, 17.50, and 2.075 (unit) respectively. The best root formation rate was obtained from control and 370 mg/L MgO application at a rate of 27.50%. The highest values were 6.75 (pieces) and 370 mg/L MgO-NPs in the number of roots per explant, 555 mg/L MgO-NPs with 10% in callus formation, and 1.575 (cm) and 370 mg/L MgO-NPs in root length. When all the examined parameters were evaluated, it was determined that the application of 370 mg/L MgO-NPs gave the best results in terms of in vitro parameters.
Terahertz-Wave-Plethysmography (TPG): A New Principle of Radar Based Pulse Detection
Authors: Rong Yu , Theofanopoulos Panagiotis C. , Trichopoulos Georgios C. , Bliss Daniel W.
Published: December 2021

This study presents findings at Terahertz (THz) frequency band for non-contact cardiac sensing application. For the first time, cardiac pulse information is simultaneously extracted using THz waves based on the two established principles in electronics and optics. The first fundamental principle is micro-Doppler (mD) motion effect, initially introduced in coherent laser radar system 1, 2 and first experimentally demonstrated for vital sign detection 3. This motion based method, primarily using coherent phase information from the radar receiver, has been widely exploited in microwave frequency bands and has recently found popularity in millimeter waves (mmWave). The second fundamental principle is reflectance based optical measurement using infrared or visible light. The variation in the light reflection is proportional to the volumetric change of the heart, often referred as photoplethysmography (PPG). PPG has been a popular technology for pulse diagnosis. Recently it has been widely incorporated into various smart wearables for long-term monitoring, such fitness training and sleep monitoring. Herein, the concept of Terahertz-Wave-Plethysmography (TPG) is introduced, which detects blood volume changes in the upper dermis tissue layer by measuring the reflectance of THz waves, similar to the existing remote PPG (rPPG) principle 4. The TPG principle is justified by scientific deduction, electromagnetic wave (EM) simulations and carefully designed experimental demonstrations. Additionally, pulse measurements from various peripheral body parts of interest (BOI), palm, inner elbow, temple, fingertip and forehead, are demonstrated using a wideband THz sensing system developed by Terahertz Electronics Lab at Arizona State University (ASU), Tempe. Among the BOIs under test, it is found that the measurements from forehead BOI gives the best accuracy with mean heart rate (HR) estimation error 1.51 beats per minute (BPM) and stand deviation (std) 1.08 BPM. The results validate the feasibility of radar based plethysmography for direct pulse monitoring. Finally, a comparative study on pulse sensitivity in TPG and rPPG is conducted. The results indicate that the TPG contains more pulsatile from the forehead BOI than that in the rPPG signals and thus generate better heart rate (HR) estimation statistic in the form of empirical cumulative distribution function (CDF) of HR estimation error.
Spectrally Extended Line Field Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Chen Si , Lin Kan , Liu Linbo
Published: December 2021

The widespread usage of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is hindered by technical gaps including limited field of view (FOV), lack of quantitative flow information, and suboptimal motion correction. We introduce spectrally extended line field (SELF) OCTA that provides advanced solutions to these challenges. SELF-OCTA breaks the speed limitation and achieves two-fold gain in FOV without sacrificing microvascular details and signal strength through parallel imaging. It also relieves the requirement for shorter exposure time in wide-field applications, so that sufficient sensitivity to slow flow is maintained, particularly in spectral-domain OCT. Towards quantitative angiography, the ‘frequency flow’ mechanism overcomes the speed bottleneck by obviating the requirement for superfluous B-scans. In addition, this mechanism facilitates OCTA-data based motion tracking. Since it can be implemented in existing OCT devices without significant hardware modification or affecting existing functions, SELF-OCTA will make non-invasive, wide-field, quantitative, and low-cost angiographic imaging available to larger patient populations.
Highly Sensitive Near-Infrared SERS Nanoprobes for in Vivo Imaging Using Gold-Assembled Silica Nanoparticles with Controllable Nanogaps
Authors: Bock Sungje , Choi Yun-Sik , Kim Minhee , Yun Yewon , Pham Xuan-Hung , Kim Jaehi , Seong Bomi , Kim Wooyeon , Jo Ahla , Ham Kyeong-Min , Lee Sung Gun , Lee Sang Hun , Kang Homan , Choi Hak Soo , Jeong Dae Hong , Chang Hyejin , Kim Dong-Eun , Jun Bong-Hyun
Published: December 2021

Backgroud:
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) imaging is widely exploited, given its advantages such as multiplex capacity, non-photobleaching property, and high sensitivity. Near-infrared (NIR) radiation is suitable for in vivo studies because it exhibits good tissue penetration capability.
Results
In this study, gold (Au)-assembled silica (SiO2) nanoparticles (SiO2@Au@Au NPs) as NIR SERS nanoprobes are synthesized by a seed-mediated growth method. SiO2@Au@Au NPs with six different sizes of Au NPs are prepared by controlling the concentration of the Au precursor in the growth step. Therefore, the surface plasmonic band of the nanogaps between Au NPs on the SiO2 surface could be controlled from 4.16 to 0.98 nm, thus generating SERS hotspots. SiO2@Au@Au NPs with a 0.98-nm gap shows high SERS signals after being subjected to an excitation wavelength of 785 nm (enhancement factor ~3.8 × 106). SiO2@Au@Au nanoprobes shows detectable in vivo SERS signals at a concentration of 16 µg/mL in a 7-mm-thick animal tissue specimen. SiO2@Au@Au NPs with 14 different Raman label compounds shows distinguishable SERS signals upon being subcutaneously injected into nude mice.
Conclusion
Through this study, it is highlighted that their potential for use in in vivo applications as multiplex nanoprobes.
Risk Factors and Clinical Outcome in Hemorrhagic Intracranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas After Endovascular Treatment
Authors: Wan Chih-Cheng , Lee Chung-Wei , Lin Yen-Heng , Liu Hon-Man
Published: December 2021

Purpose The purpose of this study was to analyze the risk factors of hemorrhage in DAVFs and the factors that influence the clinical outcome of hemorrhagic intracranial DAVFs after endovascular treatment. Methods We reviewed the records of patients with hemorrhagic intracranial DAVFs who received endovascular embolization from December 1996 to April 2015. We analyzed the risk factors of hemorrhage and emphasized the drainage pattern and the classification of drainage location. We also analyzed the factors that influence clinical outcomes such as the patient's age and the time interval between hemorrhage and treatment.Results A total of 32 patients were included in this study. Twenty-seven (84.4%) had engorged medullary veins (EMVs), and 24 (75%) of the hemorrhagic DAVFs had dorsal epidural drainage. Twenty-five (78.1%) had complete occlusion on post-procedural angiography. A significant difference (p=0.0054) of the modified Rankin Scale after treatments between the groups who received treatment within or exceeding 14 days after diagnosis. Conclusions Regional EMVs and dorsal epidural drainage patterns are risk factors in the prediction of hemorrhage in intracranial DAVFs. Patients who received early treatment within 14 days after hemorrhage could have a better clinical outcome.
Combination Therapy of Donepezil and Environmental Enrichment on Memory Deficits in Amyloid-Beta-Induced Alzheimer's Disease Rats
Authors: Gholami Jamileh , Negah Sajad Sahab , Rajabian Arezoo , Hajali Vahid
Published: December 2021

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is progressive neurodegeneration known as the most common cause of dementia, and it is the sixth leading cause of death in older people. Given the promising data on the additive effect of combination therapy with donepezil (Aricept), an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI), and regarding the similar neuronal mechanisms through them donepezil and environmental enrichment (EE) exert their enhancing effects on cognition; we asked whether simultaneous treatment with two paradigms in amyloid-beta-induced AD rats may lead to greater cognitive improvements than either treatment individually. AD was induced by intrahippocampal injection of amyloid-beta (1-42, 6 µg), and donepezil was orally administrated (4 mg/kg) for 21 days. Environmental enrichment consisted of housing animals in large cages (50× 50× 50 cm) containing a running wheel and differently shaped objects for 21 days. Spatial learning and memory were assessed in the Morris water maze (MWM) and Real-time PCR was performed to assess the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (AchM1R) within the hippocampus. Spatial memory was impaired in AD animals, and while neither pretreatment with donepezil nor EE alone could significantly restore spatial memory scores in AD rats, combination therapy was effective. BDNF expression was suppressed in AD rats and pretreatment with donepezil plus EE could increase it to the saline levels. The data suggest that a cholinesterase inhibitor and cognitive stimulation can be used effectively in combination to improve cognitive loss in an AD rat model.
Chronic Hepatitis B Viral Activity As A Prognostic Factor For Survival In Malignant Lymphoma
Authors: Seo Kwang Il , Jo Jae-Cheol , Kim Da Jung , Jeong Jee-Yeong , Lee Sangjin , Lee Ho Sup
Published: December 2021

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection carries a risk of liver cancer and extrahepatic malignancy. However, the incidence trend and clinical course of malignant lymphoma (ML) in HBV patients are not well known. Methods: Data about ML newly diagnosed in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients from 2003 to 2016 were collected from National Health Insurance Service claims. Results: A total of 13,942 CHB patients were newly diagnosed with ML from 2003 to 2016. The number of patients increased 3.8 times, from 442 in 2003 to 1,711 in 2016. The 2-year survival rate of all patients was 76.8%, and the 5-year survival rate was 69.8%. The survival rate of patients taking antivirals due to high viral activity before their diagnosis with ML was significantly lower than that of patients with lower viral activity (1 yr-77.3%, 3 yr-64.5%, and 5 yr-58.3% vs. 1 yr-84.0%, 3 yr-73.4%, and 5 yr-68.0%, respectively). The survival rate of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) at baseline was significantly lower than that of those without LC. Cirrhotic patients taking antivirals before ML diagnosis had a worse prognosis than who did not. Conclusions: High viral activity in CHB patients with ML is useful in predicting the prognosis for survival.
Microbial Biogas Production From Pork Gelatine.
Authors: Sołowski Gaweł
Published: December 2021

Dark fermentation of collagen (gelatine) results are shown in this research. The concentrations of applied gelatine were of VSS (volatile suspended solids) from 10 g VSS/L to 30 g VSS/L. The initial process pH was 5.5, depending on concentration reached pH values from 7.5 to 7.8 after 55 days. Although inoculum was heat-shocked in the case of 30 g VSS/L of collagen the process was hydrogenotrophic anaerobic digestion. In collagen concentration below 30 g VSS/L, hydrogen production was dominant only in the first 5 days of experiments. Then there also changed from dark fermentation into hydrogenotrophic methane production. In the case of optimal biogas production was due to accumulative production for a concentration of collagen 20 g VSS/L: 147.2 mL of hydrogen and 57.23 L of methane. In the case of optimal biogas production was due to accumulative production for a concentration of collagen 20 g VSS/L: 147.2 mL of hydrogen and 57.23 L of methane. The optimal hydrogen and methane yields were for concentration 10 g VSS/L (7.65 mL H2 /g VSS, and 3.49 L CH4/ g VSS). In 10 g VSS/L was also the lowest accumulated emission of hydrogen sulphide (10.3 mL of H2S), while the lowest yield was for 30 g VSS/L (0.44 mL H2S /g VSS). After a lag time, the hydrogen production and hydrogen sulphide grew with a specific ratio depending on concentration. Collagen, a protein with known amounts of sulphur allowed determining the origin of hydrogen sulphide in biogas. The hydrogen sulphide emission and sulphur added analysis proved that hydrogen sulphide origins in biogas from bacteria remains more than from substrate.
The Clinical and Imaging Findings of Patent Ductus Venosus in Children: A Series of Nine Cases
Authors: Xiang Yonghua , Peng Yinghui , Gan Qing , Jiang Xiaojun , Jin Ke
Published: December 2021

Purpose: To retrospectively analyze the clinical and imaging findings of patent ductus venosus (PDV) ,so as to improve the diagnostic accuracy of the disease and reduce missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. Methods Medical records of 9 patients with PDV were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical, and laboratory test data were extracted from the electronic medical records. Two radiologists and one sonographer reviewed all imaging examinations retrospectively. Results 9 patients with PDV were reviewed, including 7 males and 2 females, aged from 16 days to 16.5 years. The initial clinical presentations of PDV were varied, but jaundice and respiratory symptoms were the most common. Laboratory tests showed that 5/9 cases had hypoxemia, 2/9 had hyperammonemia, 7/9 had hyperbilirubinemia, 6/9 had abnormal coagulation function, 4/9 had abnormal myocardial enzymes, 8/9 had hepatic dysfunction, and 3/9 had renal dysfunction. The direct imaging sign of PDV was a vascular structure connecting the left branch of portal vein(LPV) to the inferior vena cava(IVC), running in the depth of the Arantius sulcus. The secondary imaging findings were as follows: All the patients had enlarged liver. 3 patients presented with hypoperfusion in right lobe of liver. The spleen was enlarged in 8 cases but shrank in one. Dilated LPV and atrophic right branch of portal vein (RPV) were observed in all patients. The main portal vein (MPV) was dilated in 8 cases and shrank in one. Dilated right heart and pulmonary artery were observed in all cases. Abnormal renal imaging was observed in 2 patients. The complications and coexistent malformations were as follows: Brain MRI indicated hepatic encephalopathy in 4 cases. 7/9 patients were combined with other malformations, and the most common coexistent malformations were congenital heart disease (CHD) and vascular abnormalities, with 5 and 6 cases respectively. Conclusions PDV can lead to multi-system lesions. The clinical presentations and laboratory findings were diverse. The diagnosis of PDV depends on imaging examinations, and it is important to evaluate the secondary imaging changes. Complications and coexistent malformations were common, and we need to prevent omissions during the imaging evaluations.
Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution By Polydopamine@Zeolitic Imidazolate-67
Authors: Hajnajafi Maryam , Khorshidi A. , Gilani Ali Ghanadzadeh , Verpoort Francis
Published: December 2021

Herein, a facile and low-cost route was used to prepare Polydopamine@Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-67 (PDA@ZIF-67). The structure, morphology, surface functional groups and particle size distribution of PDA@ZIF-67 were studied using FTIR, FESEM, EDS, and BET analyses. The specific surface area and diameter of ​​PDA@ZIF-67 were equal to be 78.203 m2/g and 4.179 mm, respectively. The PDA@ZIF-67 was used as an adsorbent for the adsorption of methylene blue dye. The results show that the maximum adsorption efficiency of methylene blue on the surface of PDA@ZIF-67 is achieved at pH 2, the temperature of 65°C, 10 mg of adsorbent, and methylene blue concentration of 7.5 ppm.Moreover, the adsorption process's isothermal, thermodynamic, and kinetics were studied entirely to consider the adsorption mechanism. The methylene blue molecules located in the fine pores of the PDA@ZIF-67 adsorbent determine the adsorption rate. Moreover, the adsorption process of methylene blue at high temperatures is a spontaneous and endothermic reaction. The adsorption efficiency of PDA@ZIF-67, after the recovery, reached 62.21%, which is an excellent advantage for using this adsorbent.
A Biosensor for Express Assessment of Integral Toxicity of Polymer- and Textile-Based Products
Authors: Zaitsev M.G. , Arlyapov V.A. , Alferov V.A. , Ponamoreva O.N. , Reshetilov A.N.
Published: December 2021

Biosensors to assess integral toxicity, which consist of an oxygen electrode and immobilized bacteria (Gluconobacter оxydans B-1280 and Escherichia coli К802) or yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y-1173) have been designed. Model toxic pollutants (phenol, n-nitrophenol, formaldehyde and heavy metal ions Pb2+, Cu2+, Hg2+ and Cr2O72) were chosen to estimate the concentration, at which 50% inhibition of glucose oxidation (ЕC50) was observed. It was shown that a biosensor based on G. оxydans cells provides the most sensitive detection of toxic pollutants, exhibits long operational stability (36 days) and can be used for the detection of integral toxicity. It was shown that the assessment of the toxicity of industrially manufactured polymer- and textile-based products using the developed biosensors and standard test systems (duckweed Lemna minor and protozoa ciliates Stylonychia mytilus) gave similar results. The proposed biosensors can significantly reduce the analysis time compared to the normatively fixed biotesting methods and can be used as a prototype of serial integral toxicity analyzers. biosensor, toxicity, immobilized bacteria Gluconobacter оxydans, Escherichia coli and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, biotesting This research was supported by the State Task of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (no. FEWG-2020-0008).
TEORIA DA DESCONTAMINAÇÃO NA JURISDIÇÃO SUSTENTÁVEL E PROVA ILÍCITA
Authors: Gomes Magno Federici , Oliveira Letícia Alves de
Published: December 2021

O presente estudo busca discutir a contaminação do julgador pelo contato com a prova ilícita, que afeta profundamente seu convencimento e sua imparcialidade. Percebe-se que as provas ilícitas são prejudiciais para a imparcialidade do julgador, que afeta tanto os demandantes quanto a própria aplicação do direito. Deste modo, busca-se compreender como ocorre a contaminação do julgador pelo contato com a prova ilícita e quais são as consequências desse fenômeno ao processo civil. Utilizou-se no trabalho a metodologia teórico-documental, com raciocínio dedutivo. Conclui-se que a contaminação do juiz pela prova ilícita acarreta na sua suspeição, causando nulidade relativa ao processo.
A GLOBALIZAÇÃO E AS CIDADES MUNDIAIS: A FALTA DE MORADIAS EM DECORRÊNCIA DO MERCADO IMOBILIÁRIO, DA FINANCEIRIZAÇÃO DAS MORADIAS E DA APROPRIAÇÃO DAS CIDADES
Authors: Andrade Diogo de Calasans Melo
Published: December 2021

a globalização faz surgir as cidades mundiais e, no caso do Brasil, esse fenômeno significa mais uma forma de dominação e exploração. Nesse viés, com o crescimento do mercado imobiliário o dinheiro foi transferido para o setor imobiliário, transformando o espaço em produto imobiliário. Por outro lado, com o financiamento de moradias surge a subordinação da propriedade privada ao circuito financeiro e, a financeirização dessas moradias, criou novos empreendimentos, ocasionando a valorização do solo e dos imóveis antes desvalorizados, mas, para isso, necessitou-se da intervenção do Estado para transformar o espaço urbano em ativo financeiro. Por fim, detectou-se que a apropriação se expressa através do uso do solo e, a apropriação dos lugares, se realiza a partir da habitação.
Limited water access is associated with food insecurity and diarrheal episodes among children suffering from moderate acute malnutrition in Far-North Cameroon
Authors: Nounkeu Carole Debora , Teta Ismael , Dharod Jigna Morarji , Saha Foudjo Brice Ulrich , Ntentie Francoise Raissa , Boris Azantsa Kingue , Georges Nguefack-Tsague , Oben Julius
Published: December 2021

To gain further understanding of the interlinkages between poor water access, household food insecurity, and undernutrition among children, this study used a cross-sectional design with 474 female caretakers of children suffering from moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) to explore the relationship between limited access to water and diarrheal diseases among children, aged <5 years, experiencing MAM. The mean age of the caretakers was 28.50±6.88 years and that of their MAM children (sex ratio=0.7) was 17.79±9.59 months. The participants reported spending an average of 19.29±15.69 min for one trip to fetch water. A negative correlation was found between mean time spent fetching drinking water and hygiene and handwashing score (r=−0.141, p=0.003). Furthermore, the more severe the food insecurity status of a household, the farther the family member likely had to go to fetch drinking water [F(2, 444)=8.64, p≤0.001]. Results from binary logistic regression showed that children from households practicing open defecation (p=0.008) and/or having inadequate hygiene practices (p=0.004) had increased odds of developing diarrhea. Therefore, ameliorating water access in households with MAM children could contribute to improvements in hygiene and sanitation attitudes with a subsequent increase in the effectiveness of nutrition interventions aiming at reducing acute malnutrition among children.
Long-term Physical Exercise Improves Finger Tapping of Patients with
Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Zhao Linlin , Liu Guanghua , Zhang Lingli , Du Yuxiang , Lei Le , Zhang Xiaojing , Zhao Yilong , Shen Deng
Published: December 2021

Background:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that has
been characterized by progressive development of long onset early disease with complicated etiology
and may cause memory loss, cognitive impairment, and behavioral changes. Physical exercise
may play a preventive role in AD. In the present study, we investigated the impact of longer-term
physical exercise on the finger tapping of AD patients by comparing the finger tapping of AD patients
and healthy controls.

Methods:

In this study, 140 subjects aged ≥ 60 years were enrolled. Group A consisted of 70 subjects
(27 males and 43 females) without exercise habits who were selected from Yangpu District
(Shanghai, China). Group B consisted of 70 subjects (27 males and 43 females) who were selected
from Minxing District (Shanghai, China). All the subjects were right-handed as well. The subjects’
data, including subjects’ age, weight, height, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Mini-Mental
State Examination (MMSE), and finger tapping frequency, were measured.

Results:

The subjects were matched in age, weight, and height. The AD subjects’ MoCA and
MMSE scores were noticeably lower than healthy subjects’ scores (P<0.001); besides, AD patients
with exercise had significantly lower MoCA and MMSE scores than healthy controls with exercise
(P<0.001). The finger tapping of AD subjects’ left hands was significantly lower than that of
healthy subjects without AD (P<0.01), and AD subjects with exercise tapped significantly slower
with their left hand than healthy subjects with exercise (P<0.01). Meanwhile, AD subjects with exercise
tapped significantly faster with the left hand than AD subjects (P<0.05). The right hands of
AD subjects tapped remarkably less than healthy subjects (P<0.01) with or without exercise. Meanwhile,
subjects with exercise tapped significantly faster with their right hand than healthy subjects
(P<0.05), and AD subjects with exercise tapped significantly faster with their right hand than AD
subjects (P<0.05).

Conclusion:

Long-term physical exercises can improve finger tapping frequency, especially in patients
with AD. Finger tapping frequency may be used as an index to monitor the cognitive decline
in ageing AD patients.