bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pertumbuhan Selada Merah (Lactuca sativa L. var. Red Rapid) dan Selada Hijau (Lactuca sativa L. Grand Rapids) dengan Sistem Hidroponik Apung dengan Pemberian Dosis Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) Bioslurry dan AB Mix yang Berbeda
Authors: Anwary Muhammad Nazif , Slamet W , Kusmiyati Florentina
Published: October 2021

Tanaman selada (Lactuca sativa L.) merupakan tanaman sayuran daun yang dapat dibudidayakan dengan sistem hidroponik untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sayur pada tingkat rumah tangga. Pemberian jenis dan dosis larutan nutrisi yang tepat akan menghasilkan pertumbuhan dan hasil produksi tanaman yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh pemberian pupuk organik cair (POC) bioslurry dan larutan nutrisi komersil AB mix dengan dosis yang berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman selada merah (var. Red Rapid) dan selada hijau (var. Grand Rapids) yang dibudidayakan dengan sistem hidroponik apung. Parameter penelitian adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, kadar klorofil total, kadar aktivitas nitrat reduktase (ANR), dan bobot segar tajuk tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian dosis larutan nutrisi 52,5 mL AB mix + 17,5 mL bioslurry menghasilkan rata-rata pertumbuhan dan hasil produksi tanaman yang tertinggi pada kedua kultivar tanaman selada, diikuti oleh pemberian dosis larutan nutrisi 35 mL AB mix + 17,5 mL bioslurry. Pemberian dosis larutan nutrisi 70 mL bioslurry menghasilkan rata-rata pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman terendah pada kedua kultivar tanaman selada. Kata Kunci: AB mix, bioslurry,. hidroponik, nutrisi, selada
Respon Umur Fisiologi Bahan Stek Mawar (Rosa Sp.) pada Pemberian Konsentrasi indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) yang Berbeda
Authors: Sylviana Risty Dwi , Kristanto Budi Adi , Purbajanti Endang Dwi
Published: October 2021

Bunga mawar memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi dan permintaan bunga potong ataupun tanaman hias terus meningkat, maka mawar perlu dikembangkan menjadi produk unggulan agribisnis. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagian batang tanaman yang masih dapat digunakan sebagai bahan stek dan konsentrasi IBA yang mampu memacu pertumbuhan stek batang tanaman mawar. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial 3×5. Faktor pertama adalah umur bahan stek yaitu umur bahan stekmuda (10 cm dari ujung), umurbahanstek sedang (antara 20-40 cm dari ujung) dan umur bahan stek tua (40-50 cm dari ujung). Faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi IBA, yaitu 0, 25, 50, 75, dan 100 ppm. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa bagian ujung batang atau cabang tanaman berumur muda tidak dapat digunakan sebagai bahan stek. Umur bahan stek sedang diperlukan konsentrasi IBA 50 ppm dan umur bahan stek tua diperlukan konsentrasi 75 ppm untuk dapat mempercepat proses pertumbuhan pasa stek tanaman mawar. Kata kunci : auksin, pertumbuhan, tunas
Respon Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum) pada Berbagai Jenis Penggunaan Mulsa dan Frekuensi Penyiraman
Authors: Mangesti Zul Aida , Budiyanto Susilo , Sutarno Sutarno
Published: October 2021

Gunung pati merupakan daerah di kota semarang yang mempunyai curah hujan tertinggi (2400-2600 mm/tahun). Namun, hari hujan sedikit sehingga berpengaruh terhadap ketersediaan air di dalam tanah yang berakibat pada kondisi suhu dan kelembaban tanah. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk mengetahui jenis mulsa serta frekuensi penyiraman yang paling sesuai untuk pertumbuhan dan produksi tomat. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial 4 x 2 sebanyak 3 ulangan. Faktor Pertama terdiri dari penggunaan jenis mulsa dengan 4 jenis perlakuan,yaitu M0: tanpa mulsa, M1: mulsa jerami, M2: mulsa perak, M3: mulsa hitam. Faktor kedua terdiri dari frekuensi penyiraman dengan 2 taraf perlakuan, yaitu P1: 1 hari sekali dan P2: penyiraman 2 hari sekali. Variabel yang diamati adalah komponen pertumbuhan yang terdiri dari tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun serta produksi tanaman tomat yang terdiri dari jumlah buah, bobot buah, serta kadar air buah. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan mulsa perak frekuensi penyiraman 1 hari sekali mampu memberikan rata- rata suhu tanah terendah yaitu 29oc, memberikan rata-rata kelembaban tanah tertinggi yaitu 41,7% serta dapat memberikan hasil tertinggi pada pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman rata-rata setinggi 107,2 cm dan pada produksi tanaman memberikan rata- rata bobot buah terbesar yaitu 37,2 gr. Kata kunci : air, suhu tanah, kelembaban tanah
Naungan dan Tipe Substrat Berbeda pada Periode Aklimatisasi Ex-vitro Phalaenopsis Hibrid
Authors: Fauziah Ade Arisma , Prahasti Nurullita , Setiari Nintya , Saptiningsih Endang
Published: October 2021

Produksi bibit Phalaenopsis Hibrid umumnya dilakukan melalui teknik kultur jaringan. Tahap selanjutnya adalah aklimatisasi plantlet di lingkungan ex-vitro. Penggunaan naungan dan tipe substrat berperan terhadap pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup plantlet selama periode awal aklimatisasi. Penelitian ini mengkaji peran naungan dan tipe substrat yang berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup plantlet Phalaenopsis Hibrid selama periode awal aklimatisasi di greenhouse. Penelitian menggunakan plantlet Phalaenopsis Hibrid dalam botol dan naungan paranet. Plantlet diberi 3 tipe substrat yaitu serabut kelapa, akar paku kadaka, sphagnum serta semua perlakuan dinaungi paranet secara bertahap. Parameter penelitian yang diukur meliputi: jumlah akar, total panjang akar, panjang daun, berat segar dan persentase kematian plantlet. Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan satu faktor dan 3 ulangan digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan uji LSD pada taraf signifikansi 95% (P < 0,05). Penelitian dilakukan selama 5 minggu di greenhouse Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Matemetika, UNDIP. Plantlet tumbuh dan mampu bertahan hidup pada semua substrat dan naungan paranet secara bertahap. Pembentukan pori besar pada substrat serabut kelapa dan akar kadaka meningkatkan jumlah dan panjang akar. Kemampuan menjerap air tinggi pada spagnum meningkatkan berat segar plantlet. Penutupan paranet secara bertahap dan penggunaan substrat serabut kelapa, akar kadaka serta spagnum mempertahankan kelangsungan hidup plantlet selama periode awal aklimatisasi ex-vitro.   Kata kunci:aklimatisasi, Phalaenopsis Hibrid, serabut kelapa, akar kadaka, sphagnum
Jumlah Sel Leydig dan Mikroanatomi Testis Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Setelah Pemberian Teh Kombucha Konsentrasi 50% Waktu Fermentasi 6, 9 dan 12 Hari
Authors: Isdadiyanto Sri , Tana Silvana
Published: October 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji potensi teh Kombucha kadar 50% dengan variasi waktu fermentasi dalam mempengaruhi jumlah sel leydig dan struktur mikroanatomi testis tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus). Penelitian ini menggunakan Tikus putih jantan sebanyak 16 ekor umur 2 bulan, dengan perlakuan Teh kombucha yang difermentasi selama 6, 9 dan 12 hari pada suhu 25oC per oral. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan (selama 28 hari) dan 4 ulangan, yaitu : P0 = kontrol, tanpa tambahan teh kombucha, P1 = air minum + 1,8 ml teh kombucha pagi dan sore fermentasi 6 hari, P2 = air minum + 1,8 ml teh kombucha pagi dan sore fermentasi 9 hari, P3 = air minum + 1,8 ml teh kombucha pagi dan sore fermentasi 12 hari. Variabel yang diukur adalah diameter tubulus seminiferus dan jumlah sel Leydig. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA yang dilanjutkan dengan Uji Duncan dengan taraf kepercayaan 95% dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak SPSS 16.0. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian teh kombucha fermentasi 6, 9, dan 12 hari menurunkan diameter tubulus seminiferus sehingga berpotensi mengganggu proses spermatogenesis, tetapi tidak mempengaruhi jumlah sel Leydig tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus). Kata kunci: Rattus norvegicus, teh kombucha , tubulus seminiferus, sel leydig
Ciało i cielesność – ku doświadcze(a)niu egzystencjalnemu
Authors: Walczak Anna
Published: October 2021

When Emmanuel Lévinas was reflecting on the I-You relationship, he intentionally omitted the conjunction “and” to emphasise their distinctiveness and the fact that they cannot be reduced to each other. For Lévinas, the use of the conjunction “and” would indicate reciprocation – I just like You and interchangeability – I being You. However, it would also indicate such type of relationship that would be précised in the mutual dependencies – I exist thanks to You and You exist thanks to I. This could not be accepted by Lévinas, because he assumed that only I can exist due to You. Why, then, does the title of the paper contain the conjunction “and” between the body and corporeality? I assume that body and corporeality are in a relationship based on reciprocation – interdependence that is both the source (arche) and the warp of the existential experience/experiencing – what we are while becoming.
Cielesność w obrębie dramatu ludzkiego istnienia
Authors: Glinkowski Witold P.
Published: October 2021

One of the authors to include the issue of the human body in the discourse of philosophical anthropology was Helmuth Plessner, who perceived it as: 1) a physical (Körper), 2) and a biological object (Leib), as well as 3) a substrate of the subject that refers to the previous two. Plessner argued that man’s attitude to his own corporeality creates a space to manifest human “eccentricity.” In Tischner’s conception, however, “eccentricity” gains a new and more dramatic dimension. Unlike the “eccentricity” perceived as a biological, ethological and ontic phenomenon, Tischner’s corporeality becomes an indispensable constituent within the arena of human drama, both internal and external. As part of the arena, corporeality is a component within the man as the subject of drama, while externally, it reveals its other meaning since it often determines purely ontic frames of human existence. Man refers to various meanings of his corporeality. While some remain within the scope of existential and dramatic valorisation – both positive (egotistic solidarisation) and negative (egotistic desolidarisation) – others expand beyond this horizon.
The Statute and the Judge
Authors: Peretiatkowicz Antoni
Published: October 2021

The paper is an English translation of Prąd nowy w prawoznawstwie. Ustawa a sędzia by Antoni Peretiatkowicz, published originally in Pol-ish in 1916. The text is published as a part of a jubilee edition of the “Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review. 100th Anniversary of the Faculty of Law and Administration” devoted to the achievements of the late Professors of the Faculty of Law and Administration of the Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań.
On the Concept of an Organ of State
Authors: Pospieszalski Karol Marian
Published: October 2021

The paper is an English translation of O pojęciu organu państwowego by Karol Marian Pospieszalski, published originally in “Ruch Prawniczy Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny” in 1972. The text is published as a part of a jubilee edition of the “Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review. 100th Anniversary of the Faculty of Law and Administration” devoted to the achievements of the late Professors of the Faculty of Law and Administration of the Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań.
Preliminaries to the Study of Morality and Law
Authors: Znamierowski Czesław
Published: October 2021

The paper is an English translation of Rozważania wstępne do nauki o moralności i prawie by Czesław Znamierowski published originally in Polish by PWN Publishing House in 1966. The text is published as a part of a jubilee edition of the “Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review. 100th Anniversary of the Faculty of Law and Administration” devoted to the achievements of the late Professors of the Faculty of Law and Administration of the Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań.
Theory and Practice in Criminal Law
Authors: Bossowski Józef Jan
Published: October 2021

The paper is an English translation of Teoria i praktyka w prawie karnym by Józef Jan Bossowski published originally in Polish in “Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny” in 1924. The text is published as a part of a jubilee edition of the “Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review. 100th Anniversary of the Faculty of Law and Administration” devoted to the achievements of the late Professors of the Faculty of Law and Administration of the Adam Mickiewicz Uniersity, Poznań.
On “Rationality” in Criminal Law
Authors: Janiszewski Bogusław
Published: October 2021

The paper is an English translation of Rozważania o “racjonalności” w dziedzinie prawa karnego by Bogusław Janiszewski, published origi-nally in Polish in “Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny” in 1996. The text is published as a part of a jubilee edition of the “Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review. 100th Anniversary of the Faculty of Law and Administration” devoted to the achievements of the late Professors of the Faculty of Law and Administration of the Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań.
A Few Remarks on the Theory of Finance
Authors: Zdzitowiecki Jan
Published: October 2021

The paper is an English translation of Parę uwag wokół teorii finansów by Jan Zdzitowiecki published originally in Polish in “Ruch Prawniczy Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny” in 1972. The text is published as a part of a jubilee edition of the “Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review. 100th Anniversary of the Faculty of Law and Administration” devoted to the achievements of the late Professors of the Faculty of Law and Administration of the Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań.
The Coming Together of Astronomy and Economics
Authors: Knapowski Roch
Published: October 2021

The paper is an English translation of Skojarzenie się astronomii z ekonomią by Roch Knapowski published originally in Polish in Opuscula Casimiro Tymieniecki septuagenario dedicata in 1964. The text is published as a part of a jubilee edition of the “Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review. 100th Anniversary of the Faculty of Law and Ad-ministration” devoted to the achievements of the late Professors of the Faculty of Law and Administration of the Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań.
Locke, Simplicity, and Extension
Authors: Ehli Bridger
Published: October 2021

This paper aims to clarify Locke’s distinction between simple and complex ideas. I argue that Locke accepts what I call the “compositional criterion of simplicity.” According to this criterion, an idea is simple just in case it does not have another idea as a proper part. This criterion is prima facie inconsistent with Locke’s view that there are simple ideas of extension. This objection was presented to Locke by his French translator, Pierre Coste, on behalf of Jean Barbeyrac. Locke responded to Barbeyrac’s objection, but his response, along with a passage from Chapter XV of Book II of the Essay, “Of Duration and Expansion, considered together,” has been taken to show that he did not accept the compositional criterion. I examine these passages and argue that they are not in tension with but rather affirm that criterion.
A simple and compact broadband circularly polarized circular slot antenna for WLAN/WiMAX/DBS applications
Authors: Patil Shilpee , Singh Anil Kumar , Pandey Vijay Kumar , Kanaujia Binod Kumar , Pandey Anil Kumar
Published: October 2021

A simple and compact circularly polarized broadband circular slot antenna is proposed for WLAN/WiMAX/DBS applications. The main objective of this work is to design a microstrip line fed broadband circularly polarized antenna that is achieved by introducing an asymmetric perturbation over the circular slot onto the ground plane. A broad axial ratio bandwidth is achieved by using a small circular segment cut into the circular slotted ground and by adding a short stub on the feedline. To achieve a broad impedance bandwidth, a horizontal strip onto the slotted ground is placed just above the feed line on the opposite side. The proposed antenna is fabricated with an overall dimension of 20 × 20 × 1.6 mm3 (0.34λ
o × 0.34λ
o × 0.03λ
o, where λ
o represents the free-space wavelength at the center operating frequency). It is found that the impedance bandwidth of 75.82% ranges from 3.21 to 7.13 GHz and the 3 dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth reaches 54.27% from 3.8 to 6.6 GHz. Throughout this paper, the improvement and validation process of the proposed antenna outcomes to accomplish desired characteristics are discussed.
Corylus avellana leaf extract-mediated green synthesis of antifungal silver nanoparticles using microwave irradiation and assessment of their properties
Authors: Eshghi Mahsa , Kamali-Shojaei Asa , Vaghari Hamideh , Najian Yahya , Mohebian Zahra , Ahmadi Omid , Jafarizadeh-Malmiri Hoda
Published: October 2021

Due to high antimicrobial activity against numerous microorganisms, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are being utilized in various areas. Microwave-accelerated AgNPs synthesis using Corylus avellana leaf extract was evaluated. Based on randomly central composite design, 13 mixture solutions containing different amounts of the prepared extract (0.10–0.90 mL) and 1 mM silver nitrate solution (15–25 mL) were prepared and exposed to microwave irradiation for 180 s. Response surface methodology was utilized to evaluate the effects of the two independent variables on particle size and concentration of the synthesized AgNPs, as manifested in the place of broad emission peak (λ
max) and its absorbance unit, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated that the two hydroxyl and carboxylic acid functional groups with reducing activity existed in the prepared extract. Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed that the formed spherical AgNPs using optimum amounts of C. avellana leaf extract (0.9 mL) and 1 mM silver nitrate solution (25 mL) had minimum particle size (103.5 nm) and polydispersity index (PDI) (0.209), and maximum concentration (140 ppm) and zeta potential (−21.8 mV). Results indicated that the formed AgNPs had high fungicidal effects against the spoiled fungi of Colletotrichum coccodes and Penicillium digitatum.
SNP genotyping of maize (Zea mays) hybrids and parental inbred lines for genetic purity testing using double digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing
Authors: Srii V. Satya , Nethra N. , Umarani K. , Lohithaswa H.C. , Shadakshari Y.G. , Prasad S. Rajendra
Published: October 2021

Maize (Zea mays) is the third major cereal crop in the Indian subcontinent, but the crop yields per hectare of Indian maize cultivars are less than half of the global average due to the impurity of seed lots supplied to farmers. In this study, we discovered high-quality Single
Nucleotide Polymorphic markers (SNPs) in two widely cultivated maize hybrids and their parental inbreds. Paired-end double digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing was used to discover SNPs and a total of 30,764,454 reads with a read length of 151 bp per sample were generated. Genotyping
of SNPs for maize hybrids 'MAH 14-5' and 'Hema' revealed a total of 47,812 and 15,815 Genetic Purity Analysis markers, respectively, of which 44,388 and 12,391 were unique with 3,424 being common to both hybrids. Identified SNPs were used to develop primers for Kompetitive Allele-Specific
PCR genotyping assays to determine the genetic purity of 10 seed lots and the results were found to correlate with Grow-out-Tests. Thus, the SNPs discovered in this study proved reliable to test the genetic purity of commercial seed lots. Advances in plant molecular breeding tools especially
ddRADseq for SNP discovery offer new opportunities to genotype existing cultivars and accelerate the production of genetically pure seeds.
Kultūrinės įvairovės valdymo ir organizacijos inovatyvumo sąsajos
Authors:   , Balevičienė Dovilė
Published: October 2021

Relation between cultural diversity management and organizational innovativeness
The Problem with the State Sovereignty of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania during the Reign of Alexander Yahailavich (1492–1501)
Authors: Varonin Vasil
Published: October 2021

The death of Kazimir IV Yahailavich in 1492 led to the break of the personal union between the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania. These two states had got separate monarchs, who became the sons of Kazimir – Jan Olbracht and Alexander. The period of 1492–1501, the Alexander’s reign in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, was a serious test for the independence of this state. The transition from a personal to the more formal dynastical union had been thrown the Grand Duchy before a hard dilemma. On the one hand it wanted to keep the alliance with Poland that already had a long historical tradition, was supported by a large body of agreements and provided its benefits. On the other hand the Grand Duchy sought to defend its sovereign rights that the Poland had not recognized always. There are a number of facts that could proof the perception by Poland and Jan Olbracht of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Alexander as subordinated powers. For instance, Jan Olbracht named himself as a Supreme Duke of Lithuania. He used to conclude international agreements in the name of Aleksandr. The King of Poland tried to appoint the Catholic bishops in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In his tern Alexander sometimes emphatically referred to him as his elder brother in official documents. He also used to mint coins with the coat of arms of not only the Grand Duchy of Lithuania but also the Kingdom of Poland. Specific features at that time was that they were strongly conditioned by the family ties of two monarchs. All of Kazimir’s sons, including Jan Olbracht and Alexander sought to maintain family and dynastic unity, to support each other. It came in full force in the international relations. For example two or even three of the Yahajlavichy brothers could enter into an agreement with foreign states. In general, we can say that some signs of dependence of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania on Kingdom of Poland, which still be traced, belonged mainly to the external, symbolic attributes of statehood. They hardly hurt the fundamental principles of sovereignty of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The more acute problem was the union between the two states. The conditions to elect Alexander as a King of Poland was a new bilateral agreement. The Piotrkau-Mielnik Union of 1501 became such an agreement. In actual fact, it covered a fusion of two states into the one country, one king, one soim (parliament) and so on. But this plan had never become truth. The ratification of the union was postponed for a long time in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and in 1505 it was denied any approves at all. As a result, the states turned back to the personal union, to that type of relations exciting before 1492. For the Grand Duchy of Lithuania it meant to keep on the sovereign state status.
COMPARISON OF THE COOKING CHARACTERISTICS AMONG TRUE POTATO SEED (TPS) AND SEED POTATO VARIETIES AFTER MICROWAVE HEATING
Authors: Taufique Tropa , Roy Tuhin Suvra , Chakraborty Rajesh , Mostofa Maruf , Kundu Bimal Chandra
Published: October 2021

The microwave heating has become widely popular in potato processing because of its high heating rate, short processing time, and for controlling undesirable changes in starch. In the experiment potato columns of TPS potato ‘BARI TPS-1’ and local potatoes ‘Diamant’, ‘Tel Pakri’ and ‘Romana’ were heated with 50 mL of water for 0, 20, 40, 60, 90, 120, 240, and 300 sec by a microwave oven; and the changes in potato columns were analyzed physiologically and histologically to investigate how potato tuber and starch condition changes in local potato and TPS tubers after microwave heating. The ‘BARI TPS-1’ potato columns resulted comparatively higher rate of weight loss and firmness loss percentage than the other seed potato varieties, indicating that temperature rapidly increased in TPS tuber columns than that of the others. Among local varieties ‘Tel Pakri’ gave a relatively higher weight loss and firmness loss percentage than the others. This study also showed comparatively higher solubility percentage in ‘BARI TPS-1’ tuber than the other local varieties, suggesting rapid disruption of swollen starch granule and faster starch degradation in TPS than the other local potato starches. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images of starch granule showed rapidly ruptured and clumped starch granules in ‘BARI-TPS-1’ than the others, indicating TPS starch might obtain gelatinization temperature within a shorter period of microwave heating than that of the other varieties.
DIGESTION BY SALIVA, SIMULATED GASTRIC AND SMALL INTESTINAL JUICES AND IN VITRO FERMENTATION BY HUMAN GUT MICROBIOTA OF POLYSACCHARIDES FROM CICER ARIETINUM L. HULLS
Authors: Akhtar Hafiz Muhammad Saleem , Abdin Mohamed , Ahmed Shakeel , Aslam Farhan
Published: October 2021

In the present study, digestion and fermentation (in vitro) of chickpea hull (CHPS) polysaccharides were analyzed, and CHPS effects were determined on gut microbes by using high-throughput sequencing technology. The results revealed that saliva, artificial gastric, and small intestinal juices had no effect on CHPS, but after fermentation of CHPS by human gut microbiota the molecular weight, reducing sugar and carbohydrate content decreased significantly. CHPS significantly modulated the gut microbial composition reflecting the potential to reduce obesity risk. Moreover, the decrease in pH was observed in the fermentation system, while short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were significantly increased. These results indicate that CHPS have potential and could be utilized as functional food components for the improvement of human gut health.
EVALUATION OF DOSE-DEPENDENT ACTIVITY OF BISPHENOL F ON VIABILITY PARAMETERS AND STEROIDOGENESIS IN H295R CELLS
Authors: Knížatová Nikola , Greifová Hana , Tokárová Katarína , Jambor Tomáš , Lukáč Norbert
Published: October 2021

Increasing concern over bisphenol A (BPA) as an endocrine-disrupting chemical and recent imposition of restriction on the use of BPA paved the way for entry of its analogues in the market. Bisphenol F (BPF) is one of the major analogues of commercial value. Thus, its increasing production and application make it vulnerable to human exposure. The aim of our in vitro study was to assess the potential effect of BPF on H295R cells mitochondrial activity, metabolic activity, membrane integrity, lysosomal function, and testosterone synthesis. Adrenocortical carcinoma cells were cultivated during 24 h in the presence of BPF (0.1, 0.5, 1, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 300, 500 μM). Exposure doses of BPF caused a significant decrease of mitochondrial activity starting from 1 μM, we observed a slight increase in mitochondrial activity at the lowest concentration (0.1 μM). Metabolic activity decreased with increasing dose of BPF - from 10 to 500 μM. A significant increase in metabolic activity was observed after cultivation with 0.1 μM BPF and a slight increase was observed after cultivation with 0.5 μM BPF. We observed a slight increase in lysosomal function and membrane integrity after cultivation with 0.1 and 1 μM, although higher exposure doses (25 - 500 μM) caused significant decrease in membrane integrity and lysosomal function. Lowest exposure dose of BPF (0.1 μM) caused a significant increase in testosterone synthesis, on the other hand, higher exposure doses (50 - 500 μM) caused significant decrease of testosterone production. The obtained results confirmed that BPF at higher concentrations caused cytotoxicity and possibly have endocrine-disrupting potential.
Efecto de las podas sobre el rendimiento de Capsicum annum L. bajo dos ambientes
Authors: Orozco-Orozco Luz Fanny , Lozano-Fernandez Jaime
Published: October 2021

Introducción. En el cultivo de pimentón se han recomendado las podas para mejorar la intercepción de luz, aumentar el cuajado y la calidad de los frutos. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de las podas sobre los componentes de rendimiento de dos híbridos de pimentón establecidos en dos ambientes: campo abierto y campo protegido bajo techo plástico con ventilación natural. Materiales y métodos. Se realizaron dos ensayos en el Centro Investigación La Selva de la Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Rionegro, Antioquia, Colombia. Se evaluaron dos híbridos de pimentón tipo bloque en dos ambientes: campo abierto (en el ciclo 2013-2014) y campo protegido bajo techo plástico (en los ciclos 2013-2014, 2014-2015) y tres sistemas de podas de formación: dos tallos, tres tallos y sin podar. Para el primer ensayo se empleó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con seis tratamientos (dos híbridos y tres sistemas de poda) y cinco repeticiones. Para el segundo se establecieron los mismos tratamientos solo bajo el ambiente protegido, en un diseño de bloques completos al azar. Resultados. Hubo diferencias estadísticas para rendimiento total en el sistema sin podar en ambos ensayos. En el ambiente protegido–2013 los híbridos alcanzaron una producción media de 36,7 t ha-1, el sistema sin podas fue el más rendidor (promedio 49,7 t ha-1). A campo abierto el rendimiento fue de 23,6 t ha-1. Los rendimientos totales obtenidos bajo el ambiente protegido-2014 (36,2 t ha-1), igualaron al obtenido en 2013 y superaron estadísticamente los de campo abierto. Conclusión. Las plantas sin podar mostraron los mejores rendimientos en ambos ensayos. En algunas variables se presentaron diferencias entre los ambientes, los híbridos de pimentón y su interacción. Se deben realizar estudios adicionales para determinar si el ambiente protegido es adecuado para el desarrollo de los híbridos.
Nieobyczajny wybryk (art. 140 k.w.)
Authors:   Uniwersytet Humanistyczno-Przyrodniczy im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie, Polska, Wróbel Adam
Published: October 2021

The author analyzes the issues related to the offense of the indecent excess, defined in Art. 140 of the Offense Code. The narrative runs through the issues of: the object – protection, assassination – which is morality and decency in the public perspective and the public order; forms of committing of the offense – it is universal nature and may take the form of an action. The considered offense does not have to be implemented “directly” in the public space, it is enough for the occurrence of the indecent excess, that it could be noticed by other people. Indecent excess does not have to be a behavior that violates shamefulness, exposing publicly intimate or obscene sexual behavior, but it can also violate decency in other ways. An indecent excess may be carried out intentionally or unintentionally. Article 140 of the Offense Code typifying the analyzed offense may occur – from the point of view of legal qualification – in the coincidence (apparent or real) with specific provisions listing specific crimes or offenses.
Istota tajemnicy ubezpieczeniowej ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem odpowiedzialności za jej naruszenie
Authors:   SWPS Uniwersytet Humanistycznospołeczny w Warszawie, Polska, Wysocka Izabela
Published: October 2021

Insurance secrecy is a public law institution that has been introduced to the private system. The purpose of this institution is to protect constitutional guarantees such as the right to privacy, and also to protect human rights. This fact gives rise to the entity’s broad liability for breach of insurance secrecy. You can see civil liability as a contractual breach and tort liability. In addition, the entity obliged to maintain insurance secrecy that violates this obligation may be affected by criminal liability, the basis of which is found in several acts. It is also worth highlighting the role of administrative responsibility, in which a breach of the obligation of confidentiality is treated as an administrative tort. Due to the above, the essence of insurance secrecy is to provide protection under civil, criminal and administrative law.
Comparative study of soil test methods for determination of plant available potassium in Bulgarian arable soils
Authors:   University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Angelova L. , Genova N. ,   University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Stoyanova S. ,   University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Surleva O. ,   University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Nekov I.-H. ,   Sembodja Ltd., Ilieva D. ,   University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Surleva A. ,   University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy,   Sembodja Ltd.
Published: October 2021

This comparative study was aimed at estimating analytical behavior of methods for determination of plant available potassium applied to Bulgarian arable soils and to reveal the relationship between the amount of extractable K. Twenty-four samples from two traditional agricultural regions in Bulgaria were studied. Soil potassium was extracted by NH4OAc/HOAc pH 4.5 (AA), diluted double acid (Mehlich 1), CaCl2, BaCl2 and a modified acetate/lactate method (ALM) and determined by Flame AES. The factors influencing the methods accuracy were identified and uncertainty was estimated. The expanded uncertainty was (in mg K2O (100 g dry soil)-1): 0.10 (ALM), 0.64 (Mehlich 1), 0.17 (CaCl2) and 1.1 (AA). The study revealed that the factor which mainly influence the uncertainty of the applied analytical methods for plant available potassium in soil was the calibration of Flame AES determination. The obtained results showed that extractable potassium lowered in the following order . Soil potassium extracted by ALM procedure correlated with AA, BaCl2-K, CaCl2 –K and Mehlich 1 - K at 0.05 level of significance. ALM extracted between 1.2 to 5.8 times more soil K than other methods did. The obtained results provided a base for further study on correlation between extractable K and soil fertility indices for particular soil types and climatic regions in Bulgaria.
Study of Lu/Hf isotopic composition of zircons using a Neptune Plus multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer with an NWR 213 laser ablation attachment
Authors:   The Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IGG UB RAS), Chervyakovskaya M. V. , Votyakov S. L. ,   The Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IGG UB RAS), Chervyakovskiy V. S. ,   The Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IGG UB RAS)
Published: October 2021

A technique of analyzing the isotopic composition of Lu and Hf and for determining the Lu/Hf and Hf/Hf isotopic ratios in zircons is presented using a Neptune Plus (Thermo Scientific) mass spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma with an NWR 213 (ESI) laser ablation attachment. On the example of Mud Tank, GJ-1, 91500, Plesovice and Temora-2 standard zircon samples, the uncertainty of a single measurement of the 176Hf/177Hf ratio has been obtained in the range of 0.002-0.008% in the form of 2σ (with a crater diameter of 50 μm; when it decreased to 25 μm the measurement uncertainty of the 176Hf/177Hf ratio increased by 1.5-2 times). Under the optimum parameters of the NexION 300S with NWR213 with the aim of increasing the locality of the sequential study of U/Pb and Lu/Hf isotope systems, a comparative characteristic of the application of two approaches has been obtained: in adjacent grain areas (approach 1) and in one crater (approach 2). The metrological characteristics of analyzing the isotopic composition of Lu and Hf and for determining the Lu/Hf and Hf/Hf isotopic ratios in zircons have been determined. To establish the application limits of the developed technique, the factor planning of the experiment has been developed. It was established that with a Lu/Hf ratio of 1/50 or more, the technique is not recommended to be applied due to the incorrect allowance of the isobaric effect. The procedures for measuring and calculating the Lu/Hf isotopic ratios of the isotope system in zircon have been tested on zircon grains (samples NP-46 and NP-47) of the Neplyuevsky pluton (South Urals). The data obtained was in satisfactory agreement with the data of the A. P. Karpinsky Russian Geological Research Institute (VSEGEI).
La imputabilidad en la responsabilidad patrimonial del Estado en las denominadas ejecuciones extrajudiciales y la derivada para los agentes públicos
Authors: Yepes Gómez Fernando
Published: October 2021

Tema y alcance: las últimas décadas de la historia en Colombia han estado marcadas por el profundo perjuicio de los actos de violencia de grupos subversivos. La reacción del Estado no se ha hecho esperar y en el afán de mejorar los resultados frente a las actividades de los integrantes de los grupos al margen de ley, ha propuesto gran variedad de políticas a los miembros de la Fuerza Pública para estimular o incentivar su valiosa actuación.

Características: primero a finales de la década de los setenta y después en la primera década del siglo xxi, se generalizaron prácticas (eso sí, denunciadas interna y externamente) que consistían en conducir a las víctimas con el apoyo de civiles informantes para simular combates o atribuirles la comisión de delitos, a fin de obtener privilegios económicos e institucionales por su muerte. Esto resultó en la constitución de prácticas criminales con el velo de jurídicas y legales (ejecuciones extrajudiciales) para mostrar eficacia y eficiencia.

Hallazgos: el análisis de la responsabilidad del Estado por las ejecuciones extrajudiciales en Colombia ha sido objeto del análisis tanto del máximo tribunal de lo contencioso administrativo, como de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos y ha descansado sobre la idea de que la imputabilidad jurídica no entraña discusión.

Conclusión: el menoscabo y la vulneración de derechos fundamentales de los colombianos no podía inferir otro juicio de reproche al Estado que el de declarar su deber indemnizatorio frente a las víctimas, dadas las turbadoras notas luctuosas que empañan además la credibilidad en la Fuerza Pública, pues si su misión y función es la de garantizar o salvaguardar los derechos del Estado, el hecho de convertirse en el artífice y promotor de esas trasgresiones deja un manto de desconfianza en su labor, y hay translocación de posiciones de asegurador a infractor.
La música social en Chile
Authors: Vázquez Martínez Luis , Aguado Romero Gabriela
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: demostrar que los derechos naturales, al ser inherentes a la conciencia, son reclamados por los ciudadanos a través de distintos mecanismos, uno de los cuales es la música social, pues permite difundir fácilmente los valores y principios que se exigen.

Metodología: se emplearon los métodos analítico e histórico, pues se analizaron las partes de una problemática social para observar sus causas, las cuales fueron perseguidas hasta su origen.

Resultados: los individuos siempre pelearán por salvaguardar sus derechos naturales, ya que no están dispuestos a perderlos con argumentos que emanan gobiernos instaurados desde la ilegalidad o la carencia de legitimidad.

Conclusiones: un Gobierno podrá tener un margen de maniobra si goza de legitimidad, de lo contrario, la misma sociedad luchará por cambiar esa situación que es generadora de desventaja para sus miembros. De hecho, empleará todos los medios que estén a su alcance para conseguirlo, y para ello se vuelve importante la difusión del mensaje y en muchas ocasiones esto se hará a través de la música social.
Analysis of the International Experience in Providing Administrative Services to the Population:
Authors: Ivanivna Zadoia Ivanna , Denysyuk Stanislav , Tanko Andrii , Mikhailovich Nedrya Kirill
Published: October 2021

It is a common interest and understanding that providing the population with administrative services is an important aspect for the proper functioning of every given society. There is no society without the proper management of its local population. It is to this end that there is a need to examine the position of international law in seeing the administrative management of its population with emphasis in the Ukrainian government. The objective of this article is: 1) to study international experience in providing administrative services; 2) to elaborate propositions for improving the processes related to the provision of administrative services to the population.

The experience of foreign countries in the field of providing administrative services to the population (in particular, the United States, Canada and Western Europe) has been analyzed. It has been emphasized that Ukraine needs to build its own system of administrative services, taking into account effective models of carrying out public administration in developed Western countries. It has been noted that the quality of administrative services to the representatives of different segments of the population is one of those criteria, which assists in assessing the effectiveness of the entire state system of the country. It has been emphasized that the service state institution, whose activity is to provide both public and private administrative and legal services, the example of which can be the above-mentioned service institution of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, is only part of the large-scale reform of the existing state legal mechanism in Ukraine that has to change the essence of the functioning of state agencies in this area.
La falla en la vigilancia de los mecanismos de seguridad en la importación de vehículos y su incidencia en la responsabilidad del Estado
Authors: Ulrich Astaiza William Eugene
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: determinar la responsabilidad del Estado colombiano a partir de la falla en el servicio por la importación de vehículos que no cumplen con estándares de calidad. Además, se busca establecer que la normatividad vigente en seguridad vehicular propone criterios de distinción que son insostenibles en un Estado Social de Derecho.

Metodología: la metodología utilizada fue la de revisión sistemática de fuentes bibliográficas, jurisprudenciales y legales, y la solicitud mediante peticiones a las entidades correspondientes (MinCyT, Dian, MinTransporte). Una vez analizada y sistematizada la información, se procedió a hacer la interpretación y construcción del presente texto.

Conclusiones: la responsabilidad del Estado se ve comprometida con aquellos vehículos que circulan sin las medidas de seguridad establecidas en la Resolución 3752 de 2015, dado que si bien esta norma no es de carácter retroactivo, sí evidencia que el Estado no está en la capacidad de proteger a todos los colombianos en su vida, honra y bienes, y que es en razón a esto que la falla en las medidas de seguridad en las importaciones ha permitido que vehículos inseguros como taxis tipo sin bodega y sin airbag dual, frenos abs ni apoyacabezas circulen por las ciudades sin ningún tipo de control a su seguridad.
Las deficiencias formales y pragmáticas de los medios de control constitucional en México
Authors: Tapia Hernández Erick Francisco
Published: October 2021

Propósito: en México, existen tres medios de control constitucional; sin embargo, han sido superados en cuanto a su alcance y protección debido a que hay actos de autoridad que no están regulados para su control o están prohibidos expresamente por la ley.

Metodología: en el presente estudio, analizaremos el alcance de los medios de control constitucional, los cuales son: las controversias constitucionales, las acciones de inconstitucionalidad y el juicio de amparo.

Hallazgos: advertiremos que es un tema complejo de plantear en México tanto en lo político como en lo jurídico, agudizado por el intento de adaptar figuras algo obsoletas o por lo menos insuficientes a la exigencia de un nuevo sistema de justicia constitucional que todo Estado constitucional debería tener. Ello ha contribuido a que en México la justicia tenga una percepción de incertidumbre tanto en la ley como en la práctica por todos los operadores de justicia involucrados.

Conclusiones: en el desarrollo del presente estudio, hemos advertido que el sistema de justicia para la defensa de derechos humanos en México es deficiente, en particular en cuanto a los medios de control constitucional tanto en estructura como en hipótesis normativas ausentes y otras incluso prohibidas.
The Definition, signs and types of administrative and procedural guarantees.
Authors: Dixi Revista , Shapoval Roman Volodymyrovych , Kolomoiets Tetiana Olexsandrivna , Valeriivna Brusakova Oksana , Oglu Garayev Mikayil Vagif
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this article is to determine the nature and content of administrative and procedural guarantees. In this regard, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: To clarify the definition of administrative and procedural guarantees, to characterize their types, to reveal the features of administrative and procedural guarantees, and to determine the place of this legal phenomenon in the general legal system. Issues related to theoretical and legal interpretation, legislative definition and direct implementation of administrative and procedural guarantees are updated and considered. The influence of administrative-procedural guarantees on the level of development of the domestic legal system is analyzed. Attention is drawn to the fact that the quality of proper functioning of administrative-procedural guarantees directly depends on the development of state institutions of a particular country, as well as on the level of perfection and efficiency of the entire state-power mechanism, i.e. the state system. Given that the essence of modern administrative and procedural guarantees provides for the proper consolidation of rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of individuals, it is justified that the key role in these processes will always play the level of legal awareness, along with the level of transparency and timeliness. The author’s definitions of the terms “administrative-procedural guarantees”, “protection of legal guarantees of citizens” and “legal awareness of the population” are given. Some of the characteristic features of foreign models of administrative and legal regulation are proposed for implementation.
The Foreign experience of compensation of damage caused by a subject of public administration to a private person and the possibility of its use in Ukraine .
Authors: Dixi Revista , Yakovych Nastyuk Vasyl , Tkachenko Vita , Koval Alla , Martseliak Svitlana
Published: October 2021

This article carries out an analysis and a comparison of successful experience of foreign countries on compensation of the damage caused by the subject of public administration to the private person, and possibilities of its use in Ukraine are defined. It is pointed out that in order to achieve the effective functioning of the public administration system, which would respect all fundamental rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of individuals, Ukraine needs to pay attention to the state of affairs in this area in Western Europe and North America. Emphasis is placed on the fact that only a state that properly complies with the legislation related to the protection of individuals, in the performance of public administration tasks and responsibilities of public administration, can create and maintain a high level of economic development and social welfare. In particular, this applies to the legal norms of national and international law, which in one way or another regulate the procedures for compensation (or compensation) to individuals by the state (its representative bodies), in the case when the first damage or damage from the state is related to public administration. The author’s definitions of the terms “public administration”, “compensation” and “methods of compensation” are offered. In addition, the systems of functioning of such a state and public institution as a mechanism of state compensation for damage caused to individuals are studied and compared, and the impact of the quality of functioning of such a mechanism on the overall efficiency of the state system is analyzed.