bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Firm Boundary Decision for Sustainability-Focused Companies
Authors: Özcan Ozan , Reeves Kingsley Anthony
Published: November 2012

This paper examines the vertical integration level of environmentally sustainable and non-sustainable companies. The first part develops the theoretical foundation for linking sustainability strategies to organizational structure. The second part empirically examines the vertical integration level of 144 sustainability-focused companies in 9 different industries. The results demonstrate that sustainability-focused companies in the Health Care Industry and the Industrials Industry tend to have more vertically integrated organizational structures than their industry competitors that are not pursuing such a strategy since these two industries are production oriented and they have closer relationships with their suppliers. There was no significant difference in the vertical integration level of sustainability-focused versus non-sustainability-focused companies for the other seven industries studied. Research shows the linkage between environmental strategies and vertical integration has not been thoroughly examined. This study’s results are useful to researchers and managers who are interested in corporate sustainability behavior.
The relevance of social history to the interpretation of the Gospel according to John
Authors: Busse U.
Published: November 2012

The relevance of social history to the interpretation of the Gospel according to JohnThe relevance of a socio-historical reading of John's Gospel is illustrated through the analysis of John 2:1-11, 8:33-36 and 21:7. In each case a social senario of a particular situation is presented by utilizing different ancient sources. The results are then applied to the mentioned passages in John's Gospel in order to illustrate the relevance of a socio-historical reading of John.Although exegesis has once more renewed its interest in ancient social historyl, one gets the impression that the Gospel according to John2 has remained untouched by this most welcome development. It is certainly true that the Gospel and Acts of Luke and Paul's correspondence3 are the most rewarding objects of research. Nevertheless, there is also a large number of texts in the other scriptures that would become considerably more accessible if a socio-historical comment were to be added. The metaphoric "text-world" of John's Gospel, for instance, if seen against the background of social history, reveals the complex associations that the lecture of this text would have evoked in the original reader. Thus the "world of the reader" is illuminated brighter than ever. An "I-am-word" in which Jesus claims to be the Bread of Life (John 6:35), for example, is based on a real life experience that today's reader in Old Europe cannot easily follow, because he can readily obtain his bread from the bakery every morning. However, as soon as Peter Garnsey's4 essay is consulted for the understanding of this text, the "textworld" becomes more vivid and reaches out to the first reader, asking him to associate the word with his own dailybread- experience and to consider the soteriological relevance of the statement. In this way, id est through the reader's adding his own experience to the assertion, the theological value of the statement Jesus makes, according to John, namely to be able to satisfy man's basic needs, is also communicated on an emotional level.In this paper I would like to discuss the great importance of this approach with regard to the exegesis of the Gospel according to John. To exemplify my point of view I have chosen the less imposing but, in my mind, nevertheless fundamental topic of the lower services. It belongs to the semantic field of "slavery", namely "service", and mainly appears in the story of the marriage at Cana, in chapter 8, in the extensive farewellscene and in the final chapter, chapter 21. I shall accordingly deal with those passages consecutively. However, I shall only touch upon the farewell speeches in passing.
'n Belangrike besluit oor kanselruil tussen die drie Afrikaanse kerke deur die Algemene Kerkvergadering van die Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk in 1894
Authors: Botha S.J.
Published: November 2012

An important decision in 1894 by the General Assembly of the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk on the "exchange of pulpits" between the three Afrikaans-speaking churchesThe General Assertzbiy of the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk decided in 1894 to correspond wirh the other ru:o churches in view of reaching an agreement on the matter "exchange of pulpits" between the churches. The background and meaning of this decision for the Nederduitsch Hen'onnde Kerk in its relation to the other 11m churches is discussed.
Joodse religieuse uitbreiding in die Nuwe-Testamentiese tydvak: Was die Judaisme 'n missionêre godsdiens? (Deel 1)
Authors: Du Toit A.B.
Published: November 2012

Jewish  religious  expansion  in  the New  Testament era: Was  Judaism  a missionary religion?  (part I) The  dramatic  increase  in  the  Jewish  population  towards  the  end  of the Second  Temple period has prompted  the  theory  that Judaism  at that stage was  an  energetic missionary  religion.  But  this phenomenon  should  rather be ascribed to a  variety of  factors.  In  this first article five  of  these factors are  discussed:  the  Jewish  attitude  towards  procreation,  the  fact  of the Diaspora, forced proselytizing,  intermarriage and the  "conversion" of  non-Jewish slaves.
A historical survey and critical evaluation concerning discipleship in the fourth gospel
Authors: Van der Merwe D.G.
Published: November 2012

A  historical  survey  and  critical  evaluation  concerning  discipleship  in the Fourth Gospel The historical survey about discipleship  in  the Fourth Gospel  indicates that the  literature  of the  second  half of this  century  was  sketchy  about  this theme.  Up  till  1972  a  thematic-theological  approach  highlighted  some characteristics  of discipleship  as  they  appeared  in  all four  gospels.  The study  of Jimenez  (1972)  was  the  first  substantial  approach  to  research about  discipleship  in  the  Fourth  Gospel  and  caused  a  paradigm  shift  to restrict  his  study  to  only  the  Fourth  Gospel.  During  the  80's  the  interest about  this  theme  increased,  due  to  Rudolph  Bultmann.  After  Bultmann more attention was paid to the situation and circumstances of  the audience which  contribute  to  a  greater  interest  on  discipleship  and  ecclesiology  in the Fourth  Gospel.  Although no  constant current  influence  on discipleship has  been  observed,  most  scholars  are  unanimous  that  the focal  point  of discipleship lies  in the  "Last Discourse".
Ecclesiology and theological education: A South African reformed perspective
Authors: Wethmar G.J.
Published: November 2012

Ecclesiology and theological education: A South African reformed perspective. The church is one of the primary contexts in which theology is done. In the South African theology education debate the implications which this context has for the nature of theological education has not yet been adequately described. This article therefore intends dealing with this issue. The well known four attributes of the church are used as indicators of the nature of theological education which results in confessionality, spirituality, ecumenicity and hermeneutics being identified as its main dimensions.
Teologiekroniek
Authors: Le Roux J.H.
Published: November 2012

Voor my le drie begrafnisbriewe. Vir die soveelste keer het ek dit al gelees en steeds is alles onwerklik. Het dit werklik gebeur? Hoe is dit moontlik dat drie belangrike Ou Testamentici binne 'n paar maande kan sterf? Wat gaan met die yak gebeur en hoe gaan die studente dit verwerk? Wat is die langtermynvooruitsigte vir die studie van die Ou Testament in Suid-Afrika? Op 'n wrede manier het ons geleer dat die sosio-politieke transformasie van universiteite nie die ergste is nie. Die dood is veel erger. Die verlaging van standaarde, kampusonrus, die afrikanisering van die wetenskap, skrale beroepsmoontlikhede vir jong akademici en die donker beroepstoekoms van gevestigde akademici word deur die skielike sterwe van drie kollegas verdwerg. Dit maak 'n mens magteloos en 'n gevoel van disorientasie oorweldig jou. Prediker is steeds reg: tussen gebore word en doodgaan word ons dag vir dag aan gebeure oorgelewer waaraan ons weinig kan doen. Ons lewe magteloos, want ons het nie oor die lewe, die dood en talle ander gebeurtenisse beheer nie. Hieronder volg 'n kort huldeblyk oor elkeen: eers kom Ferdinand Deist (9 Augustus 1944 tot 12 Julie 1997), dan Riempies Prinsloo (19 Augustus 1944 tot 5 Oktober 1997) en ten slotte Hannes Olivier (31 Januarie 1945 tot 25 Maart 1998) aan die beurt. Hiema volg iets oor intemetonderrig en 'n nuwe akademiese tydskrif.
Die Ned Geref Kerk as vredemaker?
Authors: Van Niekerk A.
Published: November 2012

The Dutch Reformed Church as peace maker? The Dutch Refonned Church must find it's role and identity in the coming century in a new context, without the power that came from the church's alliance with dominant Afrikaner nationalism. One role could be to become a peacemaker, if peace is seen in the Biblical sense of a right and just relationship with God, with people, and with creation, based on the eschatological work of Christ. So have any legitimacy, such relationships would have to become visible in the concrete lives of the church and her members. The Biblical basis for peace is contrasted with other possible bases for peaceful coexistence, such as the modem, enlightened idea that all people share a common rationality, or the idea of Ubuntu as general goodwill for all.
Die literêr-historiese lees van 'n teks
Authors: Human D.J.
Published: November 2012

The discussion on methodology in the South African exegetical and hermeneutical debate has not been completed yet. Several contributions during the past six years have kept this debate alive. Nevertheless, the duration of the discussion has brought growth and more understanding for different viewpoints and approaches. The aim of this article is to argue that both literary and historical aspects in the reading of any Old Testament text are important. Although it is not the only text approach, it proposes the literary-historical reading of texts is a comprehensive way to expose and understand Biblical texts.
Teologiese teorieë binne ervaringskategorieë
Authors: Vos C.J.A.
Published: November 2012

This article reflects the relationship between theological theories and categories of experience. Ways whereupon theological theories give access to categories of experience are looked at. A main aspect which is dealt with, is the relationship between theology and anthropology. Three concepts play a key role in this regard, namely remembrance, imagination and hope.
William (Wil) Vosloo - 'n Bybel-wetensakplike wat die Ou Testament vir die volk wou oopbreek
Authors: Human D.J.
Published: November 2012

William (WiJ) Vosloo - A Biblical scholar who exposes the Old Testament for ordinary people W Vosloo (1934- ) is one of the fine Old Testament scholars in South Africa. His work on the exposition and understanding of the Bible in general, and on the Old Testament in particular, counts to the core contributions of Biblical Studies in South Africa the last two decades. This short portrait sketches Vosloo as a man of mature character and life experience. With his exposition of biblical texts, his aim was to serve the church. At university level he was a dedicated academician and lecturer. He will also be remembered as a theologian and author of stature. William Vosloo was in his professional career really a human being for fellow humans.
The Kingdom of God in the Gospel of Matthew
Authors: Du Toit A.B.
Published: November 2012

It would be entirely wrong to regard "kingdom of God" as the central motif of the New Testament. Matthew's kingdom depiction should be read against the backdrop of a (mainly) Jewish Christian community in the process of re-defining its own identity over against Jewish opposition, which was consolidating itself under Pharisaic-scribal leadership. The genitive "of God/of heaven" signifies the kingdom as God-determined, but God's transcendence is mitigated by Matthew's portrayal of him as the Father of believers. Kingdom of Godlheaven is a dynamic concept indicating God's active reign. The rule of God and righteousness, as its human correlate, are the key motifs in the Sermon on the Mount. Although the kingdom in Matthew involves a critical decision and the acceptance of strict entry requirements, it is not an entirely ethical concept, as is shown by the first beatitude. A growing correspondence between the kingdom motif and messiah christo logy can be traced. Modern churches in the process of losing their identity can benefit from a responsive reading of Matthew's kingdom message.
Dionysius of Halicarnassus and the origin of patronage
Authors: Joubert S.J.
Published: November 2012

Influenced by the ever growing idealisation of patronage during the time of emperor Augustus, Dionysius of Halicarnassus in his Antiquitates Romanae traces the historical roots of this system back to Romulus, the founder of Rome. However, his picture of ancient patronage, of the "good old days" when harmony existed between rich patrons and their clients and between Rome and its allies and conquered territories, is anachronistic. But in spite of the historical inaccuracy of Dionisius' picture of the origin of patronage, as well as of the functioning of this system during the first century Be, it presents us with valuable insights into the ideological manipulation of this institution by those close to the vestibules of power in the Roman world.
"Oortuiging" en prediking: woordspel op 'n "hartspel"
Authors: Lombaard C.J.S.
Published: November 2012

Persuasion/Conviction and Preaching: Word Play on a Heart Game This article employs a wordplay on "oortuiging" - persuasion and integrity - to analyse certain aspects of homiletics. Examples of the use of research into persuasive communication and the benefits of these perspectives for effective preaching are given. Of greater importance, though, is the integrity of the preacher, which has three dimensions: that ministers should themselves be convinced of the theology of the text from which they preach, that the concrete contexts of the hearers of the message should be addressed competently, and that exegetical methodology and homiletical pronouncements should correspond.
Missionêre perspektiewe op Teologiese opleiding
Authors: Kritzinger J.J.
Published: November 2012

In the light of the transformation in society and in tertiary education, renewed attention should be given to the church, its mission, and the mission of its theological schools. If it were true that the church is the Body of Christ, called to continually be involved in God's outreach to his world, then the training of missionaries and the place of mission in the theological curriculum should also receive renewed attention. The author re-iterates the need for both a focused Missiology and the development of a true missionary theology in the theological faculty. He also indicates a need for academic Missiology to become involved in the training of missionaries.
Die boop beskaam nie: Die N G Kerk se rol ten opsigte van versoening, armoede en morele berstel
Authors: Meiring P.G.J.
Published: November 2012

The year 2001 was declared by the Dutch Reformed Church (N G Kerk) as the "Year of Hope". The author, chairperson of the church's Committee for Reconciliation, Poverty and Moral Repair, reports on the preparationsand the expectations for the Year of Hope. Hope, he contends, is far more than mere optimism, it is living in a close relationship with Christ, who indeed is our Hope, following in his footsteps in the world of today. The church's hope should be concretised in its kerugma (in preaching as well as in the development of a Theology of Hope), its diakonia (its service to the poor and needy, especially to Aids-victims and their families), its koinonia (the church being a preparing community, a sign and a sacrament of the Kingdom), and in its leitourgia (the way in which we offer our lives to God a as a living sacrifice to his glory). To illustrate his points, the author uses metaphors created by both Soren Kierkegaard and Lesslie Newbigin.
Danielboek as apokaliptiek
Authors: Nel M.
Published: November 2012

The tales in the Book of Daniel (Dan 1-6) do not have typical apocalyptic features. The tales form part of a book that also includes visions (Dan 7-12) that exhibit definite apocalyptic features. The question is posed: must the tales be interpreted as apocalyptic literature because the writer in the second century placed it as a prologue to the book with its apocalyptic message of the end of all known kingdoms? To answer the question, it is first necessary to define what apocalyptic literature comprises. This is a difficult question, because each apocalyptic work has unique features. To answer the question on the historic and social origin of apocalypticism difficulty is also encountered because the modern researcher does not have precise historical information relating to the phenomenon of apocalypticism. This article concludes that each apocalyptic work should be investigated on its own right, and that the tales in the Book of Daniel should be interpreted with the writer's apocalyptic aims in mind.
Jesus - Kind van God, Vaderloos in Galilea
Authors: Van Aarde A.G.
Published: November 2012

This article consists of four sections. Firstly, it reflects on the public debate regarding Jesus' alleged illegitimacy. The article argues that illegitimacy here refers to fatherlessness. Secondly, Joseph is focused on. According to New Testament writings of the latter part of the first century, Joseph is either Jesus' biological father (John's gospel) or the person who adopted him as son (the gospels of Matthew and Luke). Thirdly, Joseph as a legendary literary model is discussed (in the Old Testament, intertestamentary literature, the New Testament, writings of the Church Fathers and the dogtrines of the Orthodox Church). Fourthly, the articles sketches a picture of a fatherless Jesus based on evidence from the earliest intracanonical writings (the Sayings Gospel Q, traditions in the Gospel of Thomas, Paul's letters and the Gospel of Mark). Joseph does not appear in these writings. The article concludes with a reflection on the relevance of fatherlessness for today.
Book Reviews
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: November 2012

Braaten, C E & Jenson, R W, 2000. Sin, death and the devil. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. Prys: Onbekend.   Michael Green, The Message of Matthew. Intervarsity Press, Leicester, 343 pp. Price £9.99.   Francisco Lozada (Jr.), A literary reading of John 5. Text as construction. Peter Lang: New York, 138 pp. Price unknown.   McGrath A & Packer JI (series eds), Thomas Manton, Jude 1999 [1675] 223 pp. John Calvin, 1 & 2 Timothy & Titus 1998 [1556] 208pp. John Owen, Hebrews 1998 [1680?] 269pp. The Crossway Classic Commentaries.
Die morele verantwoordelikheid van internetdiensverskaffers: ‘n Christelik etiese perspektief
Authors: Britz J J , De Villiers D E
Published: November 2012

The  article deals with the moral responsibility of Internet Service Providers (ISPs) concerning the distribution of information in the virtual world, seen from the perspective of Christian Ethics. A number of case studies are discussed to illustrate  some  of  the  typical problems of responsibility experienced in this regard and the inadequacy of international legislation regulating internet services is pointed out. To adequately deal with specifically the moral responsibility of ISPs contemporary shifts in the concept of responsibility as a result of the process of modernisation are discussed. It is argued that the moral responsibility of ISPs is at least equivalent to that of other distributors of information. Nonetheless the moral responsibility ascribed  to ISPs on the basis of liberal values would be  different from that  ascribed on the basis of Christian values. Liberals would tend to underplay the moral responsibility of ISPs to control the flow of information on the internet,  while Christians would tend to emphasise their prospective responsibility to bar harmful information from the internet. However, in contemporary liberal democracies only ISPs serving Christians can be expected to exercise the moral responsibility that  is  regarded as ideal from a Christian  perspective. From  all ISPs the exercise of an optimal moral responsibility can nonetheless be expected.
Oor die inspirasie van die Bybel – ’n Perspektief van ’n Ou Testamentikus
Authors: Snyman S. D.
Published: November 2012

This article is an attempt to engage in a onversation between biblical  scholars and  their dogmatic colleagues on the issue of the inspiration of the Bible. It is argued that current theories on the inspiration of the Bible can no longer be maintained  in the light of our knowledge of the origin and growth of especially the Old Testament.  Because  of the fact that the Old Testament came into being over a considerable period of time, the idea of inspiration should be broadened to include the whole process of canonization. The idea of inspiration should be broadened ever further to include the translation and preaching of the Bible. In the end it is stated that the inspiration of the Bible is something that cannot be captured in a theory, it can only be confessed as part of the faith of believers.
Christian nominality in methodism
Authors: Bester A
Published: November 2012

The paper explores “discipleship” in the discipline of  “Building  up  the local church”. The empirical research indicates a perceived difference in what it means to be a disciple and what it means to be a Christian with the increasing  belief  that  discipleship  is an optional extra to the Christian calling and even a “higher form” of Christian development. The causes of nominal Christianity within Methodism and how this has resulted  in  a misunderstanding of true discipleship are considered. The paper opens a way forward for the local church to overcome nominal Christianity and to enable the process of making disciples and practising discipleship.
War, religion, and white supremacy in comparative perspective: South Africa and the American South
Authors: M R
Published: November 2012

The southern states of the United States of America and South Africa share a number of analogous historical realities. One of these, which is the main subject of  this article,  is  the way in which the memory of a lost war had fused cultural mythology and religious symbolism to provide a foundation for the formation and maintenance of attitudes of white supremacy in both contexts.  This article seeks to achieve a historical  understanding of the complex interrelationship between the development of cultural identity and Protestant Christianity by  focusing on these issues in the histories of the Afrikaner and the white American Southerner in comparative perspective.
The interpretation of the revelatory events in John 17:24-26: An exegetical exercise
Authors: Van der Merwe D J
Published: November 2012

John 1:18 spells out  the purpose of the incarnation of the Son of God (to make God known - ejxhgei`sqai) and functions as the transition from the prologue to the rest of the Fourth Gospel. With verse 18 the Evangelist signals that the revelation of God, through his Son, is intrinsic  to  the composition of the Fourth Gospel. This is particularly evident in chapter 17(:24-26), where we find an explicit reference to a  triadic  revelation: revelation during Jesus’ ministry, post-resurrection revelation, and future eschatological revelation. The aim of the investigation of Jn 17:24-26 is to gain an understanding of what Jesus (and the Fourth Evangelist) tries to emphasize and  to  communicate  to his disciples (and the readers) concerning his revelatory (-salvific) mission. In the exposition of this text it is pointed out what each phase in the triadic revelation comprises, and how these phases of revelation link to one another.
The poetic structure and strategy of Psalm 79
Authors: Botha Phil J
Published: November 2012

This paper endeavours to analyse Psalm 79 as a poetic composition and  an ideological document. From the analysis, it seems that the psalm primarily served a Judaean community of believers as a means of coping with their feelings of indignation, shame, and frustration some time after the destruction  of  the temple in Jerusalem. The argument used is that Yahweh’s efforts to exact punishment from his people for their contravening stipulations of the covenant have become detrimental to his honour. It suggests that it is time for Yahweh to act on behalf  of his honour. The psalm simultaneously seems to have served as a confession of the community’s faith that Yahweh can and will intervene on their behalf.
Christian Sexual Ethics in a Time of HIV/AIDS – A Challenge for Public Theology
Authors: Haspel Michael
Published: November 2012

HIV/AIDS poses an enormous challenge for the Christian church in Africa. Though many congregations engage in practical social programmes addressing the medical and social problems related to HIV/AIDS often there is no adequate theological concept dealing with HIV/AIDS. This article argues that starting from biblical insights  and Christian anthropology in the current  situation a contextual theology adressing HIV/AIDS and a respective sexual ethics have to be developped which enables hristians to live responsibly in a time of HIV/AIDS without demonising sexuality. This, in turn, could contribute to the ethical discourse in civil society and thus foster the development of a public theology.
Towards a narrative theological orientation in a global village from a postmodern urban South African perspective
Authors: Meylahn Johann-Albrecht
Published: November 2012

This article was motivated by two of the major challenges which I believe congregations are facing within  the context of ministry, namely postmodernity and globalization. After seeking a fuller description of these two challenges I sought  a theological orientation within such a context (postmodern global village) as well as an ecclesiological  praxis that could be transformative and redemptive within such a context. I  believe to have found in the narrative orientation an appropriate way for doing theology in the postmodern context. The climax of this journey (story) is in the fusion of horizons between the theory-laden questions of descriptive theology and  the historical texts of the Christian faith within the narrative orientation. I discovered that truly transformative and redemptive praxis is only possible within  language communities  narrative communities). These narrative communities cannot exist in isolation, but are continuously confronted and relativised by the stories of other communities in the global village and therefore these language communities need to be open to the fragmentation and pluralism of the global village, otherwise they will not be able to respond to the reality of the globalization and postmodernity. The narrative communities needed a story (sacred story) that did not deny the reality  of fragmentation  and pluralism, but could incorporate this reality into its story. I found this story in the story of the cross and  therefore refer to the narrative communities as communities  of  and under the cross  of Christ. These ideas formed the basis for a transformative praxis within a specific congregation, namely Pastoral Redemptive Communities. These narrative communities are not an answer to the postmodern global village, but they do offer a way of proclaiming Christ crucified and allowing the deconstruction of the cross to create a community which is a redemptive alternative to the reality of the postmodern global village. This journey was a critical journey in dialogue with other disciplines (economics, philosophy, psychology and sociology) thereby opening it up for further dialogue within these other sciences as well as dialogue with other religious communities.
Politische Theologie in den Königspsalmen zwischen Ägypten und Assyrien Die Herrscherlegitimation in den Psalmen 2 und 18 in ihren altorientalischen Kontexten
Authors: Otto Eckart
Published: November 2012

This article deals especially with Psalm 2* and Psalm 18* and they are understood against a neo-Assyrian context. During  the latter part of the eight  and  the first half of  the seventh century the  neo-Assyrian power was especially felt in Judah and the influence of its royal ideology can  clearly be detected in these two psalms. Psalm 89*  and Psalm 72* were also influenced by the Assyrian royal theology but these motifs were used in a subversive way. In Psalm 2* and Psalm 18* the neo-Assyrian motifs were employed to elaborate the Jerusalem royal ideology.
Trinity and mission: challenges to a reformed witness in Africa today
Authors: Venter Rian
Published: November 2012

The paper explores the possibility of a Reformed missional response to the present moment in Southern Africa. The basic thesis is that two of the Reformed tenets  – theo-centrism and intellectual reflection as part of a holistic vocation – are especially suitable for a missional response, but stand in need of radicalising. The renaissance of trinitarian thinking and the ramifications for missiology and ecclesiology are discussed. Finally attention is given to quality improvement of theological school and the articulation of a comprehensive Reformed theology for Africa. The conviction is that these emphases will  simultaneously be a turn to the material world and its challenges.
Verseëling met die Heilige Gees as element in die kerklike kategese: Basisteoretiese perspektiewe
Authors: Venter C J H , Van der Merwe C N
Published: November 2012

Too often the emphasis in catechetic instruction falls on objective cognitive content. This aspect of instruction should rather be complemented by ascertaining whether young  catechumens subjectively internalise God’ s salvation and grace and make it their own by living out their confessed faith in concrete deeds of faith. The point of departure in catechetic instruction should be that the sealing of the Spirit is primarily an act of God, guaranteeing catechumens that the Spirit’ s indwelling presence is a guarantee of an ultimate and final inheritance. This promise and guarantee should be repeatedly communicated in catechetic instruction by inter alia highlighting the embedded and related meanings of the concept “sealing”. In addition related concepts complementary to “sealing” should be discussed.  The process of instruction should also concentrate on explaining these concepts by applying concrete language and images on the cognitive level of children and young adults.
From Christianity to African Religion and back again
Authors: Meiring A M
Published: November 2012

This article passes from Christianity to African Religion and back again, in order to gain new insight on reconciliation. Traditional Christian reconciliation models are valuable but also contextual and limited; thus new models should be sought. African myths of community, acceptance and rebellion offer alternative ways of understanding reconciliation. When evaluated according to the principles of integration and transcendence, these myths meet the criteria of better religion and emphasise Christian notions that are often ignored in tradition Christianity. These new African-inspired insights can be used in Christian liturgy as a number of examples prove.
The infancy Gospel of Thomas: Allegory or myth – Gnostic or Ebionite?
Authors: Van Aarde A G
Published: November 2012

The aim of this article is to show that scholars assess the Infancy Gospel of Thomas disparagingly as “illogical”, “un-Christian” and “banal”. A more positive judgment is  that it is either “Gnostic” or “purified of Gnosticism”, or merely one of many ancient tales in the form of a historical allegory about Jesus as a child.  The article argues that the author of the Greek version of the Infancy Gospel of Thomas in Codex Sinaiticus (Gr 453) describes the miracles of Jesus in a positive and negative light as if he were an adult.  This phenomenon should be understood against the background that this second-century gospel is presented not so much in the genre of a Gnostic redeemer myth, but rather as a god-child myth that has neither an Orthodox nor a Gnostic orientation. Its context is rather early Ebionite Christianity.
The Resurrection of Jesus: do extra-canonical sources change the landscape?
Authors: Viljoen F P , Buglass A E
Published: November 2012

The resurrection of Jesus is assumed by the New Testament to be a historical event. Some scholars argue, however, that there was no empty tomb, but that the New Testament accounts are midrashic or mythological stories about Jesus.  In this article extra-canonical writings are investigated to find out what light it may throw on intra-canonical tradition. Many extra-canonical texts seemingly have no knowledge of the passion and resurrection, and such traditions may be earlier than the intra-canonical traditions. Was the resurrection a later invention?  Are intra-canonical texts developments of extra-canonical tradition, or vice versa?  This article demonstrates that extra-canonical texts do not materially alter the landscape of enquiry.
Waarheid en betekenisgelaagdheid
Authors: Du Toit DA
Published: November 2012

An evaluation of an individual’ s contribution towards theology needs to be placed against the backdrop of the story of faith and theology. In this case it would be the story of religious and theological truth, taking it up in the early Christian Church with the example of the descensus. That showed a plurality of fundamental expressions of faith, as well as a plurality of the  forms in which truth is expressed and layered reality of meaning which progressively became unveiled in history.  Although this diversity and process was halted by the modern rationalistic intermezzo of the Enlightenment which reduced it to logical, rational and verifiable eternal truths, it gradually reappears in various forms of post-modern thought. It is part of the exciting story of faith and theology in our own time.
Theology chronicle: Images of God in the Old Testament: Yahweh – loving father and mother
Authors: Groenewald A
Published: November 2012

This theology chronicle proceeds from the Marcionite idea of the cruel God of the Old Testament. This idea today is still well and alive with church members, and even with students of Biblical Studies and Theology. The author then takes the reader on a short journey through some of the most sublime love texts in the Old Testament, portraying Yahweh (the God of Israel) as a loving father and even as a loving mother/wife. The article concludes with an appeal towards the reader to once again discover the beauty of the Old Testament as well as Old Testament texts.
Religious fundamentalism: Aspects of a comparative framework of understanding
Authors: Kr J S
Published: November 2012

The article presents the outline of a comparative framework for the understanding of religious fundamentalism. The argument is developed around the interrelated aspects of macro-historical religious context, socio-religious context, and the context of religious tradition as a primary dimension of religion. In those overlapping contexts, the possibility of fundamentalism is explained with refe-rence to pre-disposing, precipitating and perpetuating conditions. In terms of the dimension of religious tradition, fundamentalism is expounded in terms of the following three aspects: education, inter-pretation and identity-definition. Fundamentalism emerges as an awkward mix (not a creative synthesis) of traditional and modernist elements in the present breach - with its peculiar characteristics, crises and threats - between epochs.
On becoming the hands and feet of Christ in an AIDS-ridden community in Swaziland – A story of hope
Authors: Van Wyngaard A
Published: November 2012

In terms of the social involvement of the Christian church within the community, it would not be an overstatement to say that never before in history has there been a greater challenge facing the church than the present, finding a way to bring hope to those suffering due to the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Yet, in spite of the enormity of this pandemic, it is possible to make a huge difference in people’ s lives, making use of a few willing people and a fairly conservative budget. In this article the author attempts to describe the way in which a very small congregation, where the average weekly attendance at church services is seldom more than fifty people and where nearly all members live close to or under the breadline, started making a noticeable difference in their community. Motivated by God’ s love for them, they decided to share this love in a practical way with all those in the community suffering due to HIV/AIDS and other serious illnesses. This is a story of hope, not only for those who receive help, but even more so, for those who want to give help.
Can a major religion change? Reading Genesis 1–3 in the twenty-first century1
Authors: Spangenberg IJJ
Published: November 2012

Ever since the fourth century Christian theologians read Genesis 1–3 as a historical account about creation and fall. Augustine (354–430), one of the Latin fathers of the Church, introduced the idea of “original sin” on account of his reading of these chapters. According to him God created a perfect world which collapsed because of the sin of  Adam and Eve. This idea became a fixed doctrine in the Roman Catholic and Protestant Churches.  The doctrine holds that every human being, by the very fact of birth, inherits a “tainted” nature in need of regeneration. Since the paradigm shift in Biblical Studies which occurred towards the end of the nineteenth century, the doctrine has come under severe criticism by Old  Testament scholars. In recent years even systematic theologians are questioning the interpretation of  Augustine and proclaim: “There is no fall in Scripture.” This issue is discussed in detail and an answer is given to the question whether Christians can accept other readings and whether Christianity can change.
Is intelligent design science, and does it matter?
Authors: Bateman P W , M-Ellis J M
Published: November 2012

The debate between evolution and intelligent design is usually presented by evolutionary biologists as a clash between science and non-science (creationism and religion) and therefore as a sterile argument which science wins by default. Countering this is intelligent design (ID) and irreducible complexity (IC) which posit that the diversity and complexity of life on earth indicates the hand of a designer, although the nature of that designer is not speculated on. In doing so, proponents of  ID and IC bring the argument squarely into the scientific camp and fulfil the requirements of being science, although this is difficult  to define. Here, we discuss the claims of ID and IC to provide an alternative to evolution and propose that science can adequately deal with and refute these claims. At the same time, ID and IC fulfil an important role as foils to ‘scientism’  – the belief that science is the best way of answering all questions. In the final analysis, however , despite their value in the debate, ID and IC are not found to be robust or reliable enough to replace evolution as the best way of explaining the diversity of life on earth.
Die rol en taak van die kerk ten opsigte van begrafnisgebruike
Authors: Oliver E
Published: November 2012

The modern trend to keep death at a distance has a negative impact on Christians. It seems as if the Church is following this societal pattern and is incompetent to provide sufficient information and preparation to church members. This can be one of the reasons why people who are confronted by the trauma of death, are not able to coupe or find comfort and security in their faith. The historical development of funeral rites, as well as the viewpoint of the different South African sister churches regarding funerals, are responsible for the current gap in ministry to the bereaved. This gap can be filled by redirecting the theological focus of the church, also by providing information, training and guidance to both church members and support groups, and by reforming funeral rites.
Does the church deliver? Perceptions amongst South Africans about the role of the church in the HIV/AIDS field
Authors: Van Dyk PJ , Van Dyk AC
Published: November 2012

The aim of this study was to investigate the perceptions of South Africans regarding the church and their attitudes towards HIV-positive people and condom usage. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to investigate participants’  perceptions and attitudes towards the church, HIV-positive people and condom usage. The questionnaire was completed by 1352 participants from diverse religious and other backgrounds. Results showed that 67.2% of participants (mostly active church goers) were prepared to go to their minister for support (if they  were HIV-positive).  Views that HIV/AIDS is God’ s punishment, that HIV-infection is the result of a ‘sinful lifestyle’  and the condemnation of condom usage were more prevalent among certain categories of people (eg. those who had not been tested for HIV before, men, persons from rural areas, people of lower education level, the unemployed and in some cases the more active members of the church). A third (33.5%) of the participants believed that religious people would be less prone to HIV-infection than non-religious people. 59.1% participants (mostly women and active church goers) believed that the church is doing its best to support HIV-positive people.
Matthew, the church and anti-Semitism
Authors: Viljoen FP
Published: November 2012

The use of the noun ekklesia forms a distinctive feature in Matthew’s Gospel. This term must have had a distinctive meaning for Matthew and his readers at the time he used it in his Gospel, though not as full blown as in the Pauline literature and later church history. At that stage the Matthean community considered itself outside the Jewish synagogues. This consideration can be noticed in the Matthean text, when reading the Matthean Jesus story as an “inclusive” story, including the story of the Matthean community. This story reveals a considerable portion of tension between the Matthean and Synagogue communities. An inattentive reading of this text has often unfairly led towards generalized Christian prejudice against all Jews. I argue that the conflict exposed in the text, must be read in context of the experiences of the Matthean community as to safeguard Christian from unjustified Anti-Semitism in general. Faith in or rejection of Jesus acts as dividing factor between the church and the synagogue, not ethnicity.
The search for interreligious convivance, ongoing challenge and charge
Authors: Gort J D
Published: November 2012

This essay deals with the relationship between Christianity and other religions. Part one looks briefly at the matter of religion itself. Part two provides a condensed historical survey of the attitude of Christianity toward the world outside itself: the approach of the church to other religions changed from initial appreciation through a long phase of rejection to an increasingly affirmative posture in recent times. This shift is explained by a number of causal factors that gave rise to new understandings regarding God’s work in the world and Christian mission, which in turn led to the emergence of various theologies of religion. The question confronting religious people today is how to foster the removal of interhuman divisions and the promotion of justice and peace. One potential means of achieving this goal is interreligious dialogue. In part three, the author delineates his concept of the four facets of dialogue: that of histories, of theologies, of spiritualities, and of life. Dialogue at all four of these levels is key to the establishment of interreligious convivance, which in our present world is prerequisite to the security and well-being of humanity.
Boekresensies/Book reviews
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: November 2012

Pesch, Rudolf.  Das Weihnachtsevangelium: Neu über-setzt und ausgelegt von Rudolf Pesch (Freiburg, Basel, Wien: Herder, 2007).Reiser, Marius,  Bibelkritik und  Auslegung der Heiligen Schrift: Beiträge zur Geschichte der biblischen Exegese und Hermeneutik.Schröter, J. 2007.  Von Jesus zum Neuen Testament: Studien zur urchristlichen  Theologiegeschichte und zur Entstehung des neutestamentlichen Kanons.Von Lengerke, G 2007.  Die Begegnung mit Christus im  Armen. Würzburg: Echter  Verlag (SSSTh 43).Alston, W A & Welker, M (eds) 2007. Reformed Theology.  Identity and Ecumenicity II. Biblical Interpretation in the Reformed Tradition.Stoker, Wessel  2006.  Is Faith Rational?  A Hermeneutical-phenomenological accounting for Faith.Fiedrowicz, Michael.  Theologie der Kirchenväter: Grundlagen frühchristlicher GlaubensreflexionGrözinger, A 2008. Homiletik. Lehrbuch Praktische Theologie. Band 2. Gütersloh: Gütersloher  Verlagshaus.
‘n Stormkompas in tye van aanpasbare verandering – kontoere van missionêre leierskap
Authors: Niemandt C J P
Published: November 2012

A compass in the storms of adaptive change - outlines on missional leadership.The article describes outlines of and elaborates on missional leadership in the challenging times of adaptive change. The insights of Roxburg & Romanuk (2006) and Van Gelder (2007), especially in terms of their contributions on Spirit-led missional leadership, serves as partners for the discussion. This is enriched by other publications and highlighted by the influence of prof Piet Meiring’s life as missional leader. The article describes missional leadership as:• a journey directed by spiritual discernment,• Biblical imagination to discern God’s preferred future,• the art of listening,• the cultivation of an environment that discerns God’s activities among the congregation and in its context,• communally orientated and network-leadership,• cultural transformation,• storytelling, and• taking risks.
Andrew Murray�s Theology of Divine Healing
Authors: Van de Vyver H. M.
Published: November 2012

This article critically discusses Andrew Murray�s contention that when Jesus Christ spoke of sickness it was always as of an evil caused by sin and that believers should be delivered from sickness, because it attacks the body that is the temple of the Holy Spirit. He wrote that Christ took upon Himself the soul and body and redeems both in equal measure from the consequences of sin. Murray contrasts low level Christians who enjoy no close fellowship with God, no victory over sin and no power to convince the world with those who are �fully saved�, who enjoy unceasing fellowship with God and are holy and full of joy. Justification and sanctification are thus divided as two separate gifts of God where sanctification is obtained through a new and separate act of faith. He taught that sickness is a visible sign of God�s judgment and that healing is granted according to the measure of faith of the believer.
Augustinus en de Joden: een inleidend overzicht
Authors: Van Oort J.
Published: November 2012

The article explores how Augustine of Hippo (354-430) deals with the Jews and Judaism. First it investigates the occurrence and meaning of the word �Iudaeus� in Augustine�s works. It turns out that Augustine, unlike many a predecessor, does not make a sharp distinction between �Hebrew�, �Israelite�, and �Jew�. Mainly on the basis of The City of God the role of the Jews in history is discussed. According to Augustine, all true believers (even those living before the time of Jesus) are �Christ believers� and are considered to belong to Christ�s body, the Church. The diaspora of the Jews is evaluated both negatively and positively: negatively as a consequence of �their putting Christ to death�; positively since through the dispersion of the Jews their Scriptures have been dispersed as well and so provide �testimony to the truth taught by the Church�. The so-called �mark of Cain� can not be interpreted as a predominantly positive sign: it provides protection indeed, but this divine protection is, once again, �for the benefit of the Church�. Contrary to some current opinion, it is stressed that Augustine knew contemporary Jews in Roman North Africa quite well.