bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical modelling of the Caspian Sea tides
Authors: Medvedev Igor P. , Kulikov Evgueni A. , Fine Isaac V.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed basin on Earth and a
unique subject for the analysis of tidal dynamics. Tides in the basin are
produced directly by the tide-generating forces. Using the Princeton Ocean
Model (POM), we examine details of the spatial and temporal features of the
tidal dynamics in the Caspian Sea. We present tidal charts of the amplitudes
and phase lags of the major tidal constituents, together with maps of the
form factor, tidal range, and tidal current speed. Semi-diurnal tides in the
Caspian Sea are determined by a Taylor amphidromic system with
anticlockwise rotation. The largest M2 amplitude is 6 cm and is
located in Türkmen Aylagy (called Turkmen Bay hereafter). For the diurnal constituents, the Absheron Peninsula
separates two individual amphidromes with anticlockwise rotation in the
north and in the south. The maximum K1 amplitudes (up to 0.7–0.8 cm)
are located in (1) the south-eastern part of the basin, (2) Türkmenbaşy Gulf, (3) Mangyshlak Bay; and (4) Kizlyar Bay. As a
result, the semi-diurnal tides prevail over diurnal tides in the Caspian Sea.
The maximum tidal range, of up to 21 cm, has been found in Turkmen Bay. The
strongest tidal currents have been located in the straits to the north and
south of Ogurja Ada, where speeds reach 22 and 19 cm s−1, respectively.
Numerical simulations of the tides using different mean sea levels (within a
range of 5 m) indicate that spatial features of the Caspian Sea tides are
strongly sensitive to changes in mean sea level.
New records of Didymium inconspicuum , D. karstensii , and D. rugulosporum from China
Authors: Yuan Chaofeng , Li Shu , Wang Wan , Wei Shuwei , Wang Qi , Li Yu
Published: February 2020

Didymium inconspicuum, D. karstensii, and D. rugulosporum are reported as new records for China. Morphological characteristics were observed and described by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy and are discussed and compared with similar species.
Locked-in on Bora Bora—Chikungunya triggered Bickerstaff’s encephalitis mimicking brain death in French Polynesia
Authors: Conrad Carl , Staub Gabriela , Braun Dominique , Theiler Lorenz
Published: February 2020

Introduction: This is a case report about a severe neurological manifestation of a tropical disease that resulted in an overlap syndrome mimicking brain death. We are showing a Chikungunya (CHIKV)-associated encephalitis triggering an overlapping autoimmunological disease [antibody negative Bickerstaff’s brainstem encephalitis (BBE) with Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) and Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS)] and the resulting complications. Until recently, CHIKV was considered to cause a relatively harmless self-limiting disease with Dengue-like symptoms (DENV). This case supports the idea of likely neuroinvasiveness of CHIKV, suggesting a potential high severity of this infection. Chikungunya shows a global development and evolution from a rarely seen pathogen toward an epidemic causing disease within only a few decades.

Case Report: A 74-year-old man fell sick during his holidays in French Polynesia. He initially presented with fever and a rash, which slowly progressed to hoarseness and back pain. Within one week, the patient developed numbness of the fingertips and difficulties breathing, finally resulting in a complete irresponsive neurological state. Local physicians assumed brain death caused by a cardiac event and voted for termination of mechanical ventilatory support. However, the patient′s wife perceived responses of her husband and initiated extensive repatriation by the Swiss Air Rescue, Rega. Strikingly, the patient recovered subsequently and is wheelchair mobile today.

Conclusion: This case demonstrates how tropical airborne virus diseases become directly visible effects of global warming and globalization, as the disease recently seems to appear in Europe and America. It exemplifies how a broader knowledge of parainfectious neurologic syndromes might help to save lives by avoiding misdiagnosis or potentially fatal therapeutic decisions.
Midiendo el impacto de largo plazo para la relación Deuda Pública y Crecimiento Económico en América Latina: 1970-2016
Authors: Rabanal Cristian , Helbig Joaquín
Published: February 2020

En este trabajo se realiza una medición del impacto de largo plazo de la deuda bruta total del gobierno central sobre el crecimiento del Producto Bruto Real para un conjunto de países de América Latina, en el período 1970-2016. Para ello se utilizan contrastes de cointegración y se estima un modelo de datos de panel dinámico (DOLS - Dynamic Old Last Squared). La evidencia indica que un 1% adicional en la deuda bruta total del gobierno como porcentaje del PBI, conduce a una reducción de la tasa de crecimiento del PBI real del 0.026%. Estos resultados cambian significativamente cuando se incluye Nicaragua al análisis, en virtud de los valores atípicos presentados en la relación deuda/PBI por el país para los años 1989 y 1990.
Huerto escolar como componente auto sostenible de merienda escolar en la Seguridad Alimentaria Nutricional y su uso como herramienta pedagógica
Authors: López Acevedo Jefry Joel
Published: February 2020

El presente estudio se describe y se explica el funcionamiento del huerto escolar, su producción y vinculación con la seguridad alimentaria nutricional; y su uso como herramienta pedagógica en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la modalidad de primaria regular en el centro educativo Rubén Darío, municipio de Santa Teresa, departamento de Carazo, 2019. La investigación se realizó por medio de un estudio de caso, se aplicó instrumento de recolección de datos, con entrevista y se apoyó de la técnica de la observación, donde no se limitó al sentido de la vista. Se evalúo el uso del huerto en las diferentes asignaturas de primaria y su producción de alimentos como complemento a la merienda escolar, bajo el enfoque de la seguridad alimentaria nutricional. Los resultados indican que la producción del huerto ha facilitado la disponibilidad a los alimentos, el acceso a los mismos, el consumo de los alimentos cosechado con los cincos productos de la merienda escolar aprovechando los nutrientes necesarios para el desarrollo físico, cognoscitivo y mental de los estudiantados. El manejo agronómico se realiza bajo la línea agroecológica, el cual practican el manejo integral de cultivos, el abono y la fertilización se elabora con productos biológicos evitando el uso de químicos. El 100% de los docentes de primaria utilizan el huerto escolar como herramienta pedagógica en las diferentes asignaturas, donde los estudiantes aplican la teoría con la práctica en el área del huerto.
Pronunciation Pedagogy and Intelligibility Issues in Language Acquisition
Authors: Beatrice Manyasi N.
Published: February 2020

Language teachers’ knowledge of pronunciation pedagogy affects their classroom practice. The study sought to find out language approaches used to teach pronunciation and to establish how teachers’ mastery of pronunciation facilitate the acquisition of sounds by learners. The findings revealed that teachers of English had challenges when teaching pronunciation hindering mastery of English sounds by learners. Some of their pronunciation was not comprehensible distorting meaning. They used imitation, phonetic transcriptions, minimal pair drills and sentence drills to teach pronunciation. It was established that some of them had pronunciation difficulties affecting the intelligibility or comprehensibility of what they were communicating about. Learners do not have to achieve native like pronunciation but they should surpass the threshold level to ensure that their pronunciation does not distort the meaning of what they communicate. When a teacher who is meant to be a role model and source of input for learners uses incomprehensible pronunciation distorting meaning, it is a significant setback to English Language Teaching (ELT). There is need to reassess policies concerning who should be trained to teach English as a Second Language.
Preventie en de aanpak van radicaliseren en terrorisme: een herziening
Authors: Steinmetz Carl H.D.
Published: February 2020

Prevention and the approach to radicalization and terrorism: a revision

About half (54%) of Dutch mental health care have patients who radicalize. This delivery room for radical losers deserves more attention. The GGZ will then have to emerge from the stalled discourse, that radicalization is not a psychiatric disorder. An important breeding ground for these and other ‘delivery rooms’ are apart from factors like social and psychological influences, and grievances about social, economic and health inequalities (Bhui et al., 2014), the wars that are initiated annually by the United States from 1798, with or without the help of the United Kingdom, the European Union and therefore the Netherlands. This article argues that ‘fire should not be fired with fire’. It is argued for the implementation of Activism of Hope (Lleshi, 2018) with its own grandfathers, such as Martin Luther King, Mahatma Gandhi and Nelson Mandela. Finally, an action perspective for all young people in the tumultuous phase of adolescence is proposed for education- and care institutions.
Kickboksen, een Marokkaanse route naar succes?
Authors: van Gemert Frank
Published: February 2020

Kickboxing, a Maroccan route to success?

Loïc Wacquant conducted ethnographic research in the ghetto of Chicago and describes the route to social mobility that black boxers try to follow as they train in the gym and build body capital. Based on similar research methods, this article compares the black boxers to two episodes of kickboxing in Amsterdam. Wacquant is not hopeful when it comes to social mobility of the boxers, as he sees their boxing careers as confirmation of their low position in society. In the first Dutch episode, kickboxers manage to combine body work in the gym with working in the nightlife economy. They make money but are unaware of the danger of getting involved in criminal activities, and a number of fighters end up in prison or even dead. Currently, kickboxing is very popular with young Moroccans. Having seen what went wrong in the previous episode, Moroccan trainers keep a close watch on their pupils, and make sure they realize that what happens outside and after kickboxing is what really matters.
Veiligheid uit de glazen bol?
Authors: Spithoven Remco , Beerends Siri
Published: February 2020

Crystal Ball security? – Towards responsible applications of Big Data technology in the area of security.

The promises of Big Data, predictive policing and artificial intelligence hold a key position in the public debate for quite some time now. Optimists tell that it is possible to predict where criminal events will occur before they take place. This would implicate a major shift towards a crime and insecurity preventive society, feeding on our cultural longing for a secure future. Therefore we give algorithms and deep learning access to more and more aspects of our lives. But how realistic and desirable is the application of Big Data techniques in the area of security?

In this article we put focus on the research question ‘In which way can Big Data and predictive policing support good governance of security?’, that has led our study. By exploring the central concepts, the processes behind them and their results in the domain of public security, we conclude that there are only rather disappointing results from the application of these techniques: crime and insecurity have not dropped when the police and other organizations turned to Big Data techniques. Instead, many negative side effects occurred. We search for explanations in six central academic critiques on the application of these techniques in the area of security.

We have found several ways to guaranty principles of good governance in the application of Big Data techniques, but these require a firm paradigm shift on Big Data in general. The heuristics of security professionals should not be overshadowed by technological promises: the professional should always be in the loop, must understand the way predictions come into existence and must be able to correct flaws and bugs of (semi-)automated decisions. We conclude that safeguarding public security must remain human work in which Big Data techniques can assist.
The Mongolia- China-Russia: Opportunities and Challenges to Develop Cross-Border Cooperation
Authors: Tsend Baatar
Published: February 2020

The Mongolia-China-Russia Economic Corridor is in line with the common interests of the three countries in economic development and has been accelerated since its proposal. To strengthen trilateral cooperation is one of the key cooperation areas in “Program Planning for the Construction of Mongolia- China-Russia Economic Corridor”, it accords with the direction for “Belt and Road” initiative development.

The Government of Mongolia, with the objective of improving its internal transport network and increasing trade and transit links between Mongolia and its neighboring countries, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Russian Federation, has undertaken the upgrading of the Western Regional Road Corridor (WRRC). The WRRC connecting Yarant at the Mongolia/China border and Ulaanbaishint at the Mongolia/Russia border is strategically important for the socio-economic and regional development of Mongolia, as well as improving relationships with neighboring countries.

Western vertical axis develops through the following steps: 1. In order to implement regional development plans, there is a need to support rural development and urbanization, to improve infrastructure conditions, to support industries and to improve the investment environment for small and medium-sized enterprises; and also there is a need to increase investment in tourism. 2. Facilitation of trade and support for cross-border trade, services and tourism. 3. A true economic corridor will be established when government policy coincides with regional development plans.

Монгол, Хятад, Оросын хил орчмын хамтын ажиллагааг хөгжүүлэх боломж, сорилт

Хураангуй: Энэхүү өгүүлэлд Торгоны замын эдийн засгийн бүсийн стратеги түүний зорилго, зорилт хэрэгжилтийн өнөөгийн байдал, боломж, сорилт цаашдын чиг хандлага зэргийг хураангуйлан авч үзэв. Тодруулбал, гурван улсын эдийн засгийн коридор байгуулах хөтөлбөрийн замын зурагт орсон баруун босоо тэнхлэгийн давуу тал, гурван улсын хил дамнасан бүс нутгуудын хамтын ажиллагааг өрнүүлэн хөгжүүлж хамтдаа үр шимийг нь хүртэх боломжтой дэд бүтэц, мал аж ахуй, уул уурхай, худалдаа, эдийн засаг, аялал жуулчлал чиглэлийг судалгаандаа хамруулахын зэрэгцээ Монгол, Хятадын бизнесменүүд Оросын Баруун Сибирийн хил дамнасан бүс нутагт бизнес эрхлэх боломж, тэдний эрэлт хэрэгцээ, нийлүүлэлт, хангамж зэрэг асуудлыг ч хөндөн авч үзлээ. Монгол Улсын хил орчмын бүс нутгийн хөгжлийн асуудлыг эдийн засгийн орон зайн төлөвлөлттэй нягт уялдуулан судлахыг хичээсэн болно.

Түлхүүр үг: Торгоны зам, Монгол, Хятад, Орос, ӨМӨЗО, баруун бүс, Оросын баруун Сибирын бүс нутаг, эрдэс баялаг, дэд бүтэц, транзит тээвэр-логистик, аялал жуулчлал, хөдөө аж ахуйн кластер, үйлдвэр технологийн парк, хил дамнасан худалдаа, эдийн засгийн чөлөөт бүс
The Aspects Current Situation of Cultural and Educational Relationship between Russia and China
Authors: Choijamts Battsetseg
Published: February 2020

The paper explores actual results and impacts of contracts and agreements, legal environment, features of cooperative mechanism and activities, regional cooperation, inter-organizational collaboration, and student exchanges in cultural, educational and humanitarian sectors between Russia and China since 1990.

Furthermore, the author argues that the relationship of strategic partnership between the two countries took priorities over not only political and economic issues but also cultural, educational and humanitarian spheres.

Орос, Хятадын соёл, боловсролын харилцааны төлөв байдал

Хураангуй: Эл өгүүлэлд манай хөрш ОХУ, БНХАУ-ын хооронд 1990-ээд оноос хойш өнөөг хүртэл хэрэгжүүлж буй соёл, боловсрол, хүмүүнлэгийн салбарт байгуулсан гэрээ, хэлэлцээр, хамтын ажиллагааны механизм, үйл ажиллагааны онцлог, боловсролын байгууллагуудын хоорондын холбоо, оюутан солилцоо, бүс нутаг хоорондын харилцааны бодит үр дүнг тодорхойлохыг зорив. Мөн ОХУ, БНХАУ-ын хоорондын стратегийн түншлэлийн харилцаа нь зөвхөн улс төр, худалдаа-эдийн засгийн хүрээнд бус мөн соёл, боловсрол, хүмүүнлэгийн салбарт тэргүүлж байгаа тухай өгүүлэх болно.

Түлхүүр үг: Орос, Хятадын соёл, боловсролын хамтын ажиллагааны гэрээ, хэлэлцээр, оюутан солилцоо, бүс нутгийн харилцаа
Malignant tumor of the peripheral nerve sheaths in the parotid gland - a case report
Authors: Movila Andrei , Didora Viktoriya , Zagacki Dawid , Braun Marcin , Morawiec-Sztandera Alina , Kaczmarczyk Dariusz
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Neoplasms of the parotid glands constitute about 6% of head and neck tumours, the most common of which are: adenoma multiforme and Warthin’s tumor. Schwannoma is benign, encapsulated tumor of the nerve cells (lemocytes, Schwann cells), most often it occurs in the trunk, head, extremely rarely observed in the parotid gland.
9% Schwannomas derives from the facial nerve sheath, constituting from 0.5% -1.2% of all salivary gland tumors. The literature describes 80 cases of intraparotid Schwannoma.
Malignant Schwannoma (MPNST) account for 5% to 10% of all soft tissue sarcomas. High-grade MPNST tumors are aggressive, with a tendency to relapse and metastasis.
We present a case report of a 84-year-old female patient presented to the Head and Neck Oncology Clinic of the Medical University of Lodz, due to the painful tumor of the left parotid region. The tumor appeared six months before hospitalization.
During the physical examination, there was a polycyclic tumor with reduced mobility, the skin on the tumor was slightly red, lymph nodes uninvolved, facial nerve function preserved. BACC revealed tumour tissue composed of sheets and spindle-shaped cells.
The patient was qualified for surgical treatment. Under the general anesthesia the superficial lobe of the parotid gland along with the tumor was removed. After the procedure, no facial nerve palsy was found.
The patient did well post-operatively and was discharged home on the 8th day after surgery.
Immunohistochemical staining showed the tumour cells to be diffusely and strongly immunoreactive for S-100 protein and Ki67 40-50%. Strong and diffuse staining for S-100 protein were consistent with the malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST).
The patient was referred for radiotherapy, due to the postoperative outcome and advanced age, no adjuvant treatment was proposed. The patient has been in observation for 1 year. No relapse was found in the follow-up studies.
Study of solidification behaviour
and mechanical properties of arc stud
welded AISI 316L stainless steel
Authors: Abass M.H. , Alali M.S. , Abbas W.S. , Shehab A.A.
Published: February 2020

Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the impact of arc stud welding (ASW) process
parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AISI 316L stainless steel
stud/plate joint.
Design/methodology/approach: The weld performed using ASW machine. The influence
of welding current and time on solidification mode and microstructure of the fusion zone
(FZ) was investigated using optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Microhardness and torque strength tests were utilised to evaluate the mechanical properties
of the welding joint.
Findings: The results showed that different solidification modes and microstructure
were developed in the FZ. At 400 and 600 A welding currents with 0.2 s welding time, FZ
microstructure characterised with single phase austenite or austenite as a primary phase.
While with 800 A and 0.2 s, the microstructure consisted of ferrite as a primary phase.
Highest hardness and maximum torque strength were recorded with 800 A. Solidification
cracking was detected in the FZ at fully austenitic microstructure region.
Research limitations/implications: The main challenge in this work was how to avoid
the arc blow phenomenon, which is necessary to generate above 300 A. The formation of
arc blow can affect negatively on mechanical and metallurgical properties of the weld.
Practical implications: ASW of austenitic stainless steel are used in multiple industrial
sectors such as heat exchangers, boilers, furnace, exhaust of nuclear power plant. Thus,
controlling of solidification modes plays an important role in enhancing weld properties.
Originality/value: Study the influence of welding current and time of ASW process on
solidification modes, microstructure and mechanical properties of AISI 316 austenitic
stainless steel stud/plate joint.
Distortion-product otoacoustic emission phase shift test (Shift-DPOAE) – methodology of measurements and interpretation of results in example cases
Authors: Lachowska Magdalena , Prus-Ostaszewska Monika , Niemczyk Kazimierz
Published: February 2020

Aim: The aim was to present methodology and interpretation of results of phase shift distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (Shift-DPOAE) in healthy subjects and patients with Meniere’s disease in remission stage and at the time of attack.
Material and methods: Shift-DPOAE was performed in two healthy subjects without any otologic or neurologic problems and in six patients diagnosed with Meniere’s disease. Results obtained in eight subjects are oresented. The following tests were performed in all subjects: detailed otoscopy, impedance audiometry, pure tone audiometry, DPOAE, and Shift-DPOAE.
Results: The normal Shift-DPOAE results obtained in two healthy subjects as well as the normal (two subjects) and abnormal (four subjects) Shift-DPOAE results obtained in patients with Meniere's disease are presented in order to thoroughly discuss the methodology and interpretation of the Shift-DPOAE study.
Conclusions: The Shift-OAE is a promising diagnostic tool with great clinical potential in the diagnosis and monitoring of Meniere's disease in patients whose hearing has not yet been damaged. This examination is completely non-invasive, it can be carried out immediately after an attack of the disease with symptoms present at the time of the test, and it takes just a few minutes.
Specifying the Process Model for Systematic Reviews: An Augmented Proposal
Authors: Olsina Luis , Becker Pablo , Peppino Denis , Tebes Guido
Published: February 2020

Context: Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is a research methodology intended to obtain evidence from scientific articles stored in digital libraries. SLRs can be performed on primary and secondary studies. Although there are guidelines to the SLR process in Software Engineering, the SLR process is not fully and rigorously specified yet. Moreover, it can often be observed a lack of a clear separation of concerns between what to do (process) and how to do it (methods). Objective: To specify the SLR process in a more detailed and rigorous manner by considering different process modeling perspectives, such as functional, behavioral, organizational and informational. The main objective in this work is specifying the SLR activities rather than their methods. Method: The SPEM (Software & Systems Process Engineering Metamodel) language is used to model the SLR process from different perspectives. In addition, we illustrate aspects of the proposed process by using a recently conducted SLR on software testing ontologies. Results: Our SLR process model specifications favor a clear identification of what task/activities should be performed, in which order, by whom, and which are the consumed and produced artifacts as well as their inner structures. Also, we explicitly specify activities related to the SLR pilot test, analyzing the gains. Conclusion: The proposed SLR process considers with higher rigor the principles and benefits of process modeling backing SLRs to be more systematic, repeatable and auditable for researchers and practitioners. In fact, the rigor provided by process modeling, where several perspectives are combined, but can also be independently detached, provides a greater richness of expressiveness in sequences and decision flows, while representing different levels of granularity in the work definitions, such as activity, sub-activity and task.
The RoCS Framework to Support the Development of Autonomous Robots
Authors: Ramos Leonardo , Divino Gabriel Lisbôa Guimarães , Lopes Guilherme Cano , De França Breno Bernard Nicolau , Montecchi Leonardo , Colombini Esther Luna
Published: February 2020

With the expansion of autonomous robotics and its applications (e.g. medical, competition, military), the biggest hurdle in developing mobile robots lies in endowing them with the ability to interact with the environment and to make correct decisions so that their tasks can be executed successfully. However, as the complexity of robotic systems grows, the need to organize and modularize software for their correct functioning also becomes a challenge, making the development of software for controlling robots a complex and intricate task. In the robotics domain, there is a lack of reference software architectures and, although most robot architectures available in the literature facilitate the creation process with their modularity, existing solutions do not provide development guidance on reusing existing modules. Based on the well-

known IBM Autonomic Computing reference architecture (known as MAPE-K), this work defines a refined architecture following the Robotics perspective. To explore the capabilities of the proposed refinement, we implemented the RoCS (Robotics and Cognitive Systems) framework for autonomous robots. We successfully tested the framework under simulated robotics scenarios that mimic typical robotics tasks and evidence the framework reuse capability. Finally, we understand the proposed framework needs further experimental evaluation, particularly, assessments on real-world scenarios.
IPO ETFs: An Alternative Way to Enter the Initial Public Offering Business
Authors: G. Rompotis Gerasimos
Published: February 2020

This chapter focuses on the initial public offerings (IPO) ETFs, which constitute an alternative way to enter the IPO business. Short- and long-term performance of ETFs is examined vis-a-vis the performance of major market indices. Three types of returns are computed; the absolute, benchmark-adjusted, and abnormal return. Returns are computed for the initial trading day and for the first 2, 3, 4, 5, 21, and 63 trading days. Long-run returns are also calculated for the first 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of trading and for the entire history of ETFs up to October 31, 2016 from a cumulative and a buy-and-hold perspective. Risk-adjusted returns are estimated with a six-factor model. The results indicate that the average first-day return is positive but below 1%. In the long run, the cumulative absolute returns are positive during the several intervals examined, whereas the cumulative benchmark-adjusted and abnormal returns are positive only for the first 6 months of trading. These returns become negative after the first 6 months. Going further, ETFs deliver significant buy-and-hold returns over the several periods examined. Finally, the results reveal that just one out of the four IPO ETFs examined can produce a robust and statistically significant alpha.
A New Combustion Method in a Burner with Three Separate Jets
Authors: Ali Mergheni Mohamed , Mahdi Belhajbrahim Mohamed , Boushaki Toufik , Sautet Jean-Charles
Published: February 2020

Oxy-flames from burners with separated jets present attractive perspectives because the separation of reactants generates a better thermal efficiency and reduction of pollutant emissions. The principal idea is to confine the fuel jet by oxygen jets to favor the mixing in order to improve the flame stability. This chapter concerns the effect of equivalence ratio on characteristics of a non-premixed oxy-methane flame from a burner with separated jets. The burner of 25 kW power is composed with three aligned jets, one central methane jet surrounded by two oxygen jets. The numerical simulation is carried out using Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes (RANS) technique with k-ε as a turbulence closure model. The eddy dissipation model is applied to take into account the turbulence-reaction interactions. The study is performed with different global equivalence ratios (0.7, 0.8 and 1). The validation of the numerical tools is done by comparison with experimental data of the stoichiometric regime (Ф = 1). The two lean regimes of Ф = 0.7 and 0.8 are investigated only by calculations. The velocity fields with different equivalence ratio are presented. It yields to increase of longitudinal and transverse velocity, promotes the fluctuation in interaction zone between fuel and oxygen also a better mixing quality and a decrease of the size of the recirculation zone.
Trace Elements in Volcanic Environments and Human Health Effects
Authors: Paula Silva Linhares Diana , Ventura Garcia Patrícia , dos Santos Rodrigues Armindo
Published: February 2020

Trace elements play an essential role in the normal metabolism and physiological functions of living beings. The distribution and concentration of trace elements in the environment results from both anthropogenic and natural origins; this chapter will focus on volcanism as one of the major natural sources of trace elements. In volcanic areas, the emissions and deposits of volcanogenic elements are key factors for geochemical mobility of trace elements and their distribution in the environment and, their effects on animals and human health. Volcanic areas have been associated with increased incidence of several diseases, such as fluorosis or even some types of cancer, leveraging the studies on the potential of this natural phenomenon as a promoter of diseases. As the Azores Archipelago is a volcanic area, with several manifestations of active volcanism, this region presents itself as an ideal study scenario for a multidisciplinary approach on environmental health problems, such as the exposure to toxic and/or deficient levels of trace elements. This chapter will present an integrated approach, describing the occurrence, the monitoring of trace elements and their characterization, the biological role in human body, and the human biomonitoring and health risk assessment, using case studies as examples.
Rapid Evaluation of Biomass Properties Used for Energy Purposes Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Posom Jetsada , Maraphum Kanvisit , Phuphaphud Arthit
Published: February 2020

The parameters corresponding to combustion and pyrolysis such as proximate parameter (emissions), calorific value, elemental component, pyrolysis characteristics (temperature), and thermal properties are necessary to the thermal conversion process and the trading of biomass. Traditionally, these parameters of wood chips, milled wood, and biomass pellets are determined with chemicals, time-consuming, and required technical experts, such as thermogravimetry, bomb calorimetry, dry oven, muffle furnace, and so on. The near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a rapid, noncontact no-chemical measurement. For NIR spectroscopy, only 2–3 seconds are used for evaluation, and it could be used for online measurement. The application of NIR spectroscopy in the estimation of the biomass characteristics of wood chips, milled wood, and biomass pellets is described in this chapter.
Scorpion Toxins from Buthus martensii Karsch (BmK) as Potential Therapeutic Agents for Neurological Disorders: State of the Art and Beyond
Authors: Wang Xiaoli , Zhang Shuzhang , Zhu Yudan , Zhang Zhiping , Sun Mengyao , Cheng Jiwei , Xiao Qian , Li Guoyi , Tao Jie
Published: February 2020

Scorpions are fascinating creatures which became residents of the planet well before human beings dwelled on Earth. Scorpions are always considered as a figure of fear, causing notable pain or mortality throughout the world. Their venoms are cocktails of bioactive molecules, called toxins, which are responsible for their toxicity. Fortunately, medical researchers have turned the life-threatening toxins into life-saving therapeutics. From Song Dynasty in ancient China, scorpions and their venoms have been applied in traditional medicine for treating neurological disorders, such as pain, stroke, and epilepsy. Neurotoxins purified from Chinese scorpion Buthus Martensii Karsch (BmK) are considered as the main active ingredients, which act on membrane ion channels. Long-chain toxins of BmK, composed of 58–76 amino acids, could specifically recognize voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs). Short-chain BmK toxins, containing 28–40 amino acids, are found to modulate the potassium or chloride channels. These components draw attention as useful scaffolds for drug-design in order to tackle the emerging global medical threats. In this chapter, we aim to summarize the most promising candidates that have been isolated from BmK venoms for drug development.
Presbycusis-Related Tinnitus and Cognitive Impairment: Gender Differences and Common Mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Weibin , Yu Zhuowei , Ruan Qingwei
Published: February 2020

Presbycusis-related tinnitus and cognitive impairment are common in the elderly and generate a massive burden on family and society. Except for age, the study explored the gender differences in the prevalence of the three diseases. We found that women have an advantage in maintaining better cognitive and auditory functions. Recent studies suggest the complex links among the three diseases. Peripheral hearing loss can affect sound coding and neural plasticity, which will lead to cognitive impairment and tinnitus. The deficits of the central nervous system, especially central auditory structures, can, in turn, cause the presbycusis. The interaction among three diseases indicated that comprehensive assessment, intervention and treatment in consideration of hearing loss, tinnitus and cognitive impairment are important to decay aging.
Sickle Cell Anemia, Representations and Care: Experience of a Brother of a Sick Child in Cameroon
Authors: Njifon Nsangou Hassan , Scelles Régine
Published: February 2020

In Africa, families often with more than one child consult with both modern and traditional African medicine to treat their child with sickle cell anemia. This research aimed to understand how a child experiences both the medical and traditional care of his sister. We collected data from an interview and family drawing of a young boy growing up with an affected sister in Cameroon. Results showed this child persisted to feel as though his sister had fallen victim to a sorcerer and that he was at risk of the same fate even after the two of them received traditional treatment. He also felt neglected about his suffering because of his sister’s disease by hospital professionals that were caring for her. It is therefore necessary to establish a support system for affected children and their family by providing a safe space in hospitals where they can express and contain their experiences with the disease.
Lynn Silipigni Connaway and Julie Garrison share plans for ACRL: Cast an informed vote in the election this spring
Authors: Connaway Lynn Silipigni , Garrison Julie
Published: February 2020

Ed. Note: C&RL News offered the candidates for ACRL vice-president/president-elect, Lynn Silipigni Connaway and Julie Garrison, this opportunity to share their views with the membership. Although many of the issues facing ACRL are discussed informally at meetings, we want to use this venue to provide a forum to all members. We hope this will assist you in making an informed choice when you vote in the election this spring.
Knowing when to cry uncle: Balancing instructional initiatives
Authors: Cox Angie , Kelly Jim , Neuhaus Chris
Published: February 2020

About five years ago, the University of Northern Iowa Rod Library began building a credit-bearing information literacy course from scratch. Envisioned to be something more than simply “how to use the library,” the course was also designed to focus on Google resources and the trends and issues associated with the online world of information. We named the course Beyond Google. From the start, we aimed to teach students how to be more effective and thoughtful Google users, and more skeptical consumers of information.
Emergency preparedness: Online resources
Authors: Humphrey Rosemary , Sharpe Chris , Stiles Cheryl
Published: February 2020

After the April 2007 mass shooting at Virginia Tech, universities across the country realized the need to take a much more proactive role in promoting emergency preparedness across all constituencies on their campuses. Emergency awareness, preparation, and response could no longer remain solely the responsibility of first responders. As a direct result of the Virginia Tech tragedy, many universities across the country launched efforts to train their students, faculty, and staff in multiple aspects of preparedness—from responding to medical emergencies to preparing for severe weather events, from extinguishing small fires to responding to an active shooter.
Washington Hotline
Authors: Maher Kevin
Published: February 2020

Federal funding for libraries increases in FY 2020 and the 2020 Census is underwayCongressional appropriators needed overtime to complete the FY 2020 budget, but the result was good news for libraries: a $10 million increase for the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS), including $6.2 million for the Library Services and Technology Act (LSTA) – the largest increase in LSTA funding in 12 years. The final federal spending bill also includes increases for other library and higher education programs, including the Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act, Library of Congress, National Library of Medicine, National Endowment for the Arts, National Endowment for the Humanities, and programs for students and institutions of higher education.
Logic Manuals for Women in the Late Enlightenment Era
Authors: Kharitonova Alyona М.
Published: February 2020

In the focus of my attention there are six German-language textbooks in logic published in the second half of the eighteenth century. What distinguishes these books is that they were all written specially for women. While such works were fairly common in France and Italy during this period, they had something of an exotic character in the German-speaking world. Today these works and their authors are generally seen as secondary and marginal. Nevertheless, they may be of substantial interest in the study of the history of the formation of logic, a fundamental and still relevant discipline in university education. What is the status of logic for women? Is it a kind of publishing by-product paraphrasing classical logic textbooks under a new and unusual title or do they represent a new independent branch? To answer these questions I analyse the chosen works on logic and the reviews which they prompted. I demonstrate that logic manuals for women published in Germany in the second half of the eighteenth century constitute one of the numerous varieties of the popular philosophy genre. Simple language, dialogic or epistolary form, practical orientation and eclecticism — all this brings logic within the intellectual reach of any civilised person, providing him/her with an instrument of performing their own mission, i. e. the employment of their reason. The very fact that the content of logic for women is practically no different from the content of classical compendiums was a revolutionary development, a practical implementation of the postulate that logic is universal and can be understood by everyone, a principle formulated earlier in the works of C. Thomasius and C. Wolff.
Hylleraas-Configuration Interaction (Hy-CI) Non-Relativistic Energies for
the 3 1S, 4 1S, 5 1S, 6 1S, and 7 1S Excited States of the Beryllium
Atom
Authors: Sims James S.
Published: February 2020

In a previous work Sims and Hagstrom [J Chem Phys 140,224312(2014)] reported
Hylleraas-configuration interaction (Hy-CI) method variational calculations for the 1S
ground states of the beryllium isoelectronic sequence with an estimated accuracy of 10
to 20 nanohartrees (nHa). In this work the calculations have been extended to the five
higher states of the neutral beryllium atom, 3 1S, 4 1S, 5 1S, 6 1S, and 7 1S. The best
non-relativistic energies obtained for these states are -14.4182 4034 6, -14.3700 8789
0, -14.3515 1167 6, -14.3424 0357 8, and -14.3372 6649 96 Ha, respectively. The 6 1S
result is superior to the known reference energy for that state, while for the 7 1S
state there is no other comparable calculation.
Ludoliteracy. Videojuegos, competencia digital y aprendizajes
Authors: Aranda Juárez Daniel , Sánchez-Navarro Jordi , Martínez Martínez Sílvia , Navarro Naranjo Víctor Adolfo , Lalueza Bosch Ferran , Creus Amalia , Estanyol Estanyol , Montaña Mireia , Sanz Martos Sandra , Meneses Julio , Planells Antonio José , Clares Judith
Published: February 2020

En el actual contexto social, el juego digital es prácticamente ubicuo. No se trata únicamente de que los videojuegos inunden los comercios y los espacios publicitarios en la grandes campañas de venta del año, o de que las compañías que comercializan dispositivos digitales utilicen los juegos como uno de sus reclamos de venta, sino de que lo lúdico impregna los ámbitos de las relaciones personales, los negocios o la educación con una intensidad desconocida hasta ahora. En relación a este fenómeno, emergen dos discursos: el primero proclama la importancia de lo lúdico y su potencial para generar procesos de innovación cultural y económica en la sociedad actual, y el segundo critica la excesiva presencia de lo lúdico como una amenaza a la productividad en todos los ámbitos de la sociedad (estudios, trabajo, relaciones sociales).
Mapping Land Cover Based on Time Series Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Data in Klaten, Indonesia
Authors: Fikriyah Vidya Nahdhiyatul
Published: February 2020

Information on the existing land cover is important for land management and planning because it can represent the intensity, location, and pattern of human activities. However, mapping land cover in tropical regions is not easy when using optical remote sensing due to the scarcity of cloud-free images. Therefore, the objective of this study is to map the land cover in Klaten Regency using a time-series Sentinel-1 data. Sentinel-1 data is one of remote sensing images with Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) system which is well known by its capability of cloud penetration and all-weather observation. A time-series Sentinel-1 data of both polarisations, VV and VH were automatically classified using an unsupervised classification technique, ISODATA. The results show that the land cover classifications obtained overall accuracies of 79.26% and 73.79% for VV and VH respectively. It is also found that Klaten is still dominated by the vegetated land (agriculture and non-agricultural land). These results suggest the opportunity of mapping land cover using SAR multi temporal data.

 

 Keywords: Land cover; Synthetic Aperture Radar; Time series; Sentinel-1; Klaten
Self‐Directed Adult Learning: Then and Now
Authors: Peno Kathy
Published: December 2024

Self‐directed learning (SDL) has become increasingly important in today's fast‐paced and ever‐changing society. This paper explores SDL's historical evolution, theoretical foundations, and practical applications, particularly in online environments. SDL is defined as a personal attribute and a process that empowers learners to take the initiative and responsibility for their education. Key models of SDL, including those by Candy, Brockett and Hiemstra, and Grow, provide frameworks for understanding how learners develop self‐direction. The role of social context and the importance of lifelong learning are emphasized, especially during significant events like the COVID‐19 pandemic, highlighting the necessity for adaptability in education and work. Additionally, the paper discusses how SDL is facilitated in online learning environments, highlighting the need for learners to develop skills in self‐regulation, time management, and effective use of resources to succeed.
Development of a pH‐Responsive Antimicrobial and Potent Antioxidant Hydrogel for Accelerated Wound Healing: A Game Changer in Drug Delivery
Authors: Gui Qixiang , Ding Neng , Wu Haimei , Liu Jinyue , Geng Yingnan , Zhu Jie , Gao Mingyue , Du Antong , Yue Bingbing , Zhu Lie
Published: December 2024

Stimuli‐responsive hydrogels have the capability to alter their state in response to changes in physiological signals within their application environment, providing distinct benefits in drug delivery applications. Here, the acidic pH typically found in acutely infected wounds can be effectively managed by incorporating a pH‐responsive Ag+ loaded system within the hydrogel, thereby ensuring efficient drug use and preventing potential toxicity from the sudden release of silver ions. The antimicrobial composite hydrogel HAMA/GelMA‐CA/Ag+ provides some tissue adhesion and accelerates wound healing. GelMA‐CA is synthesized by modifying gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) with caffeic acid (CA), while hyaluronic acid methacryloyl (HAMA) is introduced to prepare a double network hydrogel. Silver nitrate is then introduced to make it pH‐responsive through the formation of coordination between the polyphenolic structure of caffeic acid and the silver ions. The composite hydrogel exhibited excellent antioxidant properties and strong antimicrobial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Furthermore, the composite hydrogel accelerated the promotion of wound healing in a rat model of S. aureus‐infected wounds. In conclusion, the HAMA/GelMA‐CA/Ag+ hydrogel is a promising bioactive material that can be used as a wound dressing to promote the healing of acutely infected wounds.
Reusable ReOx‐Pd/CeO2 Catalyst with Low Metal Surface Concentration for Efficient Consecutive Deoxydehydration and Hydrogenation of Vicinal OH Groups
Authors: Larasati Savitri , Nakagawa Yoshinao , Yabushita Mizuho , Tomishige Keiichi
Published: December 2024

A strategy is proposed to enhance the stability and reusability of the ReOx‐Pd/CeO2 catalyst for the consecutive deoxydehydration and hydrogenation (DODH + HG) of biomass‐derived vicinal diols. A remarkable result involving a simultaneous enhancement of activity, stability, and regeneration ability of the catalyst is obtained by lowering the surface concentration of metals. Using erythritol as a model compound, DODH + HG over a low‐loading ReOx‐Pd/CeO2 can be completed much faster with a higher turnover number compared to the high‐loading standard catalyst. Moreover, a three‐fold decrease in deactivation rate is also obtained when shifting from a 2 wt% Re‐containing catalyst to a 0.5 wt% one, confirming the enhancement of stability. The regeneration of a low‐loading ReOx‐Pd/CeO2 (0.5 wt% Re) can be completely achieved via heat‐treatment under air in milder conditions at a temperature as low as 353 K. Based on Raman spectroscopy, no sign of polymeric ReOx could be detected on the surface of a spent ReOx‐Pd/CeO2 (0.5 wt% Re) after a simple oven drying under air, confirming the complete redispersion of the inactive species, which was previously traced as the main cause of catalyst deactivation in the catalyst with a higher metal loading.