bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recognising the Symptoms: How Common Are Eating Disorders in Pregnancy?
Authors: Easter Abigail , Bye Amanda , Taborelli Emma , Corfield Freya , Schmidt Ulrike , Treasure Janet , Micali Nadia
Published: March 2013

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate eating disorder diagnostic status and related symptoms in early pregnancy.

Methods

Pregnant women (n=739), attending their first routine antenatal scan, were assessed using an adapted version of the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale (EDDS). Prevalence estimates and eating disorder symptoms were assessed during the first 3 months of pregnancy and, retrospectively, in the 6 to 12 months prior to pregnancy.

Results

During pregnancy 7.5% of women met diagnostic criteria for an eating disorder, compared to prepregnancy prevalence of 9.2%. Approximately one quarter (23.4%) of women reported high weight and shape concern during pregnancy; binge eating was endorsed by 8.8%, and 2.3% of women engaged in regular compensatory behaviours.

Conclusions

Eating disorders are more common than previously thought in pregnancy. There is a clinical need for increased understanding of eating disorder symptomatology during pregnancy and for appropriate screening tools to be incorporated into antenatal care. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
The Case‐Only Test for Gene–Environment Interaction is Not Uniformly Powerful: An Empirical Example
Authors: Wu Chen , Chang Jiang , Ma Baoshan , Miao Xiaoping , Zhou Yifeng , Liu Yu , Li Yun , Wu Tangchun , Hu Zhibin , Shen Hongbing , Jia Weihua , Zeng Yixin , Lin Dongxin , Kraft Peter
Published: March 2013

The case‐only test has been proposed as a more powerful approach to detect gene–environment (G × E) interactions. This approach assumes that the genetic and environmental factors are independent. Although it is well known that Type I error rate will increase if this assumption is violated, it is less widely appreciated that G × E correlation can also lead to power loss. We illustrate this phenomenon by comparing the performance of the case‐only test to other approaches to detect G × E interactions in a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of esophageal squamous‐cell carcinoma (ESCC) in Chinese populations. Some of these approaches do not use information on the correlation between exposure and genotype (standard logistic regression), whereas others seek to use this information in a robust fashion to boost power without increasing Type I error (two‐step, empirical Bayes, and cocktail methods). G × E interactions were identified involving drinking status and two regions containing genes in the alcohol metabolism pathway, 4q23 and 12q24. Although the case‐only test yielded the most significant tests of G × E interaction in the 4q23 region, the case‐only test failed to identify significant interactions in the 12q24 region which were readily identified using other approaches. The low power of the case‐only test in the 12q24 region is likely due to the strong inverse association between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in this region and drinking status. This example underscores the need to consider multiple approaches to detect G × E interactions, as different tests are more or less sensitive to different alternative hypotheses and violations of the G × E independence assumption.
Depositional architecture, provenance, and tectonic/eustatic modulation of Miocene submarine fans in the Shikoku Basin: Results from Nankai Trough Seismogenic Zone Experiment
Authors: Pickering Kevin T. , Underwood Michael B. , Saito Sanny , Naruse Hajime , Kutterolf Steffen , Scudder Rachel , Park Jin‐Oh , Moore Gregory F. , Slagle Angela
Published: March 2013

Seismostratigraphy, coring, and logging while drilling during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expeditions 319, 322, and 333 (Sites C0011/C0012) show three Miocene submarine fans in the NE Shikoku Basin, with broadly coeval deposits at Ocean Drilling Program Site 1177 and Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 297 (NW Shikoku Basin). The sediment dispersal patterns have major implications for paleogeographies at that time. The oldest, finer‐grained (Kyushu) fan has sheet‐like geometry; quartz‐rich flows were fed mostly from an ancestral landmass in the East China Sea. During prolonged hemipelagic mud deposition at C0011‐C0012 (~12.2 to 9.1 Ma), sand supply continued at Sites 1177 and 297. Sand delivery to much of the Shikoku Basin halted during a phase of sinistral strike slip to oblique plate motion, after which the Daiichi Zenisu Fan (~9.1 to 8.0 Ma) was fed by submarine channels. The youngest fan (Daini Zenisu; ~8.0 to 7.6 Ma) has sheet‐like geometry with thick‐bedded, coarse‐grained pumiceous sandstones. The pumice fragments were fed from a mixed provenance that included the collision zone of the Izu‐Bonin and Honshu Arcs. The shift from channelized to sheet‐like flows was favored by renewal of relatively rapid northward subduction, which accentuated the trench as a bathymetric depression. Increased sand supply appears to correlate with long‐term eustatic lowstands of sea level. The stratigraphic position and 3‐D geometry of the sandbodies have important implications for subduction‐related processes, including the potential for focused fluid flow and fluid overpressures above and below the plate boundary fault: In sheet‐like sands, pathways for fluid flow have greater horizontal permeability compared with those in channel sands.
Waning magmatic activity along the Southern Explorer Ridge revealed through fault restoration of rift topography
Authors: Deschamps A. , Tivey M. A. , Chadwick W. W. , Embley R. W.
Published: March 2013

We combine high‐resolution bathymetry acquired using the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle ABE with digital seafloor imagery collected using the remotely operated vehicle ROPOS across the axial valley of the Southern Explorer Ridge (SER) to infer the recent volcanic and tectonic processes. The SER is an intermediate spreading ridge located in the northeast Pacific. It hosts the Magic Mountain hydrothermal vent. We reconstruct the unfaulted seafloor terrain at SER based on calculations of the vertical displacement field and fault parameters. The vertical changes between the initial and the restored topographies reflect the integrated effects of volcanism and tectonism on relief‐forming processes over the last 11,000–14,000 years. The restored topography indicates that the axial morphology evolved from a smooth constructional dome >500 m in diameter, to a fault‐bounded graben, ~500 m wide and 30–70 m deep. This evolution has been accompanied by changes in eruptive rate, with deposition of voluminous lobate and sheet flows when the SER had a domed morphology, and limited‐extent low‐effusion rate pillow eruptions during graben development. Most of the faults shaping the present axial valley postdate the construction of the dome. Our study supports a model of cyclic volcanism at the SER with periods of effusive eruptions flooding the axial rift, centered on the broad plateau at the summit of the ridge, followed by a decrease in eruptive activity and a subsequent dominance of tectonic processes, with minor low‐effusion rate eruptions confined to the axial graben. The asymmetric shape of the axial graben supports an increasing role of extensional processes, with a component of simple shear in the spreading processes.
Geochemical insight into differences in the physical structures and dynamics of two adjacent maar lakes at Mt. Vulture volcano (southern Italy)
Authors: Caracausi A. , Nicolosi M. , Nuccio P. M. , Favara R. , Paternoster M. , Rosciglione A.
Published: March 2013

We report on the first geochemical investigation of the Monticchio maar lakes (Mt. Vulture volcano, southern Italy) covering an annual cycle that aimed at understanding the characteristic features of the physical structures and dynamics of the two lakes. We provide the first detailed description of the lakes based on high‐resolution conductivity‐temperature‐depth (CTD) profiles, chemical and isotopic (H and O) compositions of the water, and the amounts of dissolved gases (e.g., He, Ar, CH4, and CO2). The combined data set reveals that the two lakes, which are separated by less than 200 m, exhibit different dynamics: one is a meromictic lake, where the waters are rich in biogenic and mantle‐derived gases, while the other is a monomictic lake, which exhibits complete turnover of the water in winter and the release of dissolved gases. Our data strongly suggest that the differences in the dynamics of the two lakes are due to different density profiles affected by dissolved solutes, mainly Fe, which is strongly enriched in the deep water of the meromictic lake. A conceptual model of water balance was constructed based on the correlation between the chemical composition of the water and the hydrogen isotopic signature. Gas‐rich groundwaters that feed both of the lakes and evaporation processes subsequently modify the water chemistry of the lakes. Our data highlight that no further potential hazardous accumulation of lethal gases is expected at the Monticchio lakes. Nevertheless, geochemical monitoring is needed to prevent the possibility of vigorous gas releases that have previously occurred in historical time.
Observations of a seasonal cycle in NOx emissions from fires in African woody savannas
Authors: Mebust Anna K. , Cohen Ronald C.
Published: March 2013

Nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from wildfires account for ~15% of the global total, inducing large fluctuations in the chemical production and loss rates of O3 and CH4 and thereby affecting Earth's radiative balance. NOx emissions from fires depend on fuel nitrogen (N) content, the relative contributions of flaming and smoldering combustion, and total biomass burned. Current understanding of the variability in these factors across biomes is limited by sparse observations. Here we use satellite‐based measurements to study emission coefficients (ECs), a value proportional to NOx emitted per unit of biomass burned, from fires in African savannas. We show that ECs for NOx exhibit a pronounced seasonal cycle in woody savannas, with early‐season ECs 20–40% above and late‐season ECs 30–40% below the mean, while no cycle exists in nonwoody savannas. We discuss several possible mechanisms of the observed cycle including seasonal differences in fuel N content and modified combustion efficiency.
Seasonal measurements of OH, NOx, and J(O1D) at Mace Head, Ireland
Authors: Berresheim H. , McGrath J. , Adam M. , Mauldin R.L. , Bohn B. , Rohrer F.
Published: March 2013

Measurements of atmospheric OH concentrations were conducted between August 2010 and July 2011 at Mace Head showing maximum daytime values of 0.21 (±0.25) × 106 cm−3 in winter and 2.26 (±1.37) × 106 cm−3 in summer. Plots of OH versus ozone photolysis frequency, J(O1D), exhibited strong linear correlations with slopes of 1.06 (±0.05) × 1011 cm−3 s (R = 0.75) in clean marine air and 1.31 (±0.04) × 1011 cm−3 s (R = 0.79) in mixed marine/continental air. Surprisingly, no significant difference in the former correlation was found between low and high tide periods. NO and NO2 levels in air from the marine sector (190–300°) were typically below the detection limit (30 pptv and <200 pptv, respectively). In the land sector, NO mixing ratios <50 pptv dominated most of the time, suggesting that the atmospheric oxidation efficiency in this region is predominantly characterized by primary OH sources in a low NOx environment.
On the 2012 record low Arctic sea ice cover: Combined impact of preconditioning and an August storm
Authors: Parkinson Claire L. , Comiso Josefino C.
Published: March 2013

A new record low Arctic sea ice extent for the satellite era, 3.4 × 106 km2, was reached on 13 September 2012; and a new record low sea ice area, 3.0 × 106 km2, was reached on the same date. Preconditioning through decades of overall ice reductions made the ice pack more vulnerable to a strong storm that entered the central Arctic in early August 2012. The storm caused the separation of an expanse of 0.4 × 106 km2 of ice that melted in total, while its removal left the main pack more exposed to wind and waves, facilitating the main pack's further decay. Future summer storms could lead to a further acceleration of the decline in the Arctic sea ice cover and should be carefully monitored.
Consistent large‐scale temperature responses in warm and cold climates
Authors: Izumi Kenji , Bartlein Patrick J. , Harrison Sandy P.
Published: March 2013

Climate‐model simulations of the large‐scale temperature responses to increased radiative forcing include enhanced land‐sea contrast, stronger response at higher latitudes than in the tropics, and differential responses in warm and cool season climates to uniform forcing. Here we show that these patterns are also characteristic of model simulations of past climates. The differences in the responses over land as opposed to over the ocean, between high and low latitudes, and between summer and winter are remarkably consistent (proportional and nearly linear) across simulations of both cold and warm climates. Similar patterns also appear in historical observations and paleoclimatic reconstructions, implying that such responses are characteristic features of the climate system and not simple model artifacts, thereby increasing our confidence in the ability of climate models to correctly simulate different climatic states.
One‐Pot, Three‐Component Synthesis of Novel Spiro[3H‐indole‐3,2′‐thiazolidine]‐2,4′(1H)‐diones in an Ionic Liquid as a Reusable Reaction Media
Authors: Jain Renuka , Sharma Kanti , Kumar Deepak
Published: March 2013

A facile one‐pot, three‐component protocol for the synthesis of novel spiro[3H‐indole‐3,2′‐thiazolidine]‐2,4′(1H)‐diones by condensing 1H‐indole‐2,3‐diones, 4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐4‐amine and 2‐sulfanylpropanoic acid in [bmim]PF6 (1‐butyl‐3‐methyl‐1H‐imidazolium hexafluorophosphate) as a recyclable ionic‐liquid solvent gave good to excellent yields in the absence of any catalyst (Scheme 1 and Table 2). The advantages of this protocol over conventional methods are the mild reaction conditions, the high product yields, a shorter reaction time, as well as the eco‐friendly conditions.
Torreyanoxane, a New 3,4‐Secoglutinane Triterpenoid Isolated from the Pulp of Torreya nucifera
Authors: Cao Cong‐Mei , Wu Yi‐Bing , Guo Rui‐Xia , Dong Mei , Sauriol Françoise , Huo Chang‐Hong , Shi Qing‐Wen , Yamada Teiko , Kiyota Hiromasa , Gu Yu‐Cheng , Cong Bin
Published: March 2013

Torreyanoxane, a novel 3,4‐secoglutinane triterpenoid, was isolated from the pulp of Torreya nucifera. The structure was determined on the basis of spectroscopic methods.
Synthesis of Dimethyl Tetraarylphthalates by SuzukiMiyaura Reactions of Dimethyl Tetrabromophthalate
Authors: Eleya Nadi , Patonay Tamás , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter
Published: March 2013

Tetraarylphthalates were prepared by SuzukiMiyaura reactions of dimethyl tetrabromophthalate.
Synthesis of 10‐Aryl‐ and 10‐(Arylmethyl)acridin‐9(10H)‐ones via the Reaction of (2‐Fluorophenyl)(2‐halophenyl)methanones with Benzenamines and Arylmethanamines
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Nakagawa Kazuhiro , Yuba Shohei , Komatsu Toshihide
Published: March 2013

The reaction of 1‐fluoro‐2‐lithiobenzenes, generated from 1‐bromo‐2‐fluorobenzenes 1 and BuLi, with 2‐halobenzaldehydes and subsequent oxidation of the resulting alcohols 2 afforded (2‐fluorophenyl)(2‐halophenyl)methanones 3, which, on treatment with benzenamines or arylmethanamines, followed by NaH, gave rise efficiently to 10‐aryl‐ or 10‐(arylmethyl)acridin‐9(10H)‐ones (5 or 7), respectively.
The impact of total quality service (TQS) on healthcare and patient satisfaction: An empirical study of Turkish private and public hospitals
Authors: Bakan Ismail , Buyukbese Tuba , Ersahan Burcu
Published: March 2013

This paper attempts to measure patients' perceptions of the quality of services in public and private healthcare centers in Turkey. The main aim was to examine the impact of the dimensions of patient‐perceived total quality service (TQS) on patients' satisfaction. The research framework and hypotheses are derived from a literature review of service quality and quality in the healthcare industry. The research data were collected through questionnaires and then statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson product moment correlation and linear regression. The results suggest that service quality perceptions positively influence patient satisfaction with overall hospital care (SOHC). The most important factors identified in the regression model regarding patient SOHC are the quality of the hospital's social responsibility, administrative processes and overall experience of medical care received. These factors explain 74% of the variance in SOHC. The findings of the study can be used to improve TQS in both private and public hospitals. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Axotomy‐induced changes in activity‐dependent slowing in peripheral nerve fibres: Role of hyperpolarization‐activated/HCN channel current
Authors: Mazo I. , Rivera‐Arconada I. , Roza C.
Published: March 2013

Background

Slowing refers to the gradual decrease in conduction velocity evoked by repetitive electrical stimuli. The underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood, and its physiological/pathological relevance scarcely discussed; however, changes in axonal conduction properties might unmask abnormal nociceptor function and alter the encoding time window at the spinal cord.

Methods

Here, we characterized and compared the slowing in isolated units recorded from intact and axotomized saphenous nerves from mice, in vitro. We evaluated the role of hyperpolarization‐activated/HCN channel current, Ih, in the generation of slowing, by examining the effect of the specific Ih blocker ZD7288.

Results

Based on their degree of slowing, intact C‐fibres were classified as presumed nociceptors or non‐nociceptors (>13% or <7% latency increase, respectively). Upon ZD7288 treatment, slowing was significantly augmented in 19/25 of the presumed C‐nociceptors. In nerve‐end neuromas, axotomized C‐fibres could not be classified by their degree of slowing, which, in addition, was unrelated to the presence of ectopic mechanosensitivity. Axotomized fibres showed a ∼2.5‐fold reduction in their slowing as compared with intact units and the effects of ZD7288 were more prominent, both in magnitude and percentage of sensitive fibres. Interestingly, in control conditions, all fibres sensitive to ZD7288 were more resistant to slowing.

Conclusions

Under our experimental conditions, slowing seems largely dependent on functional Ih. The marked decrease in slowing after axotomy in C‐fibres fits with the increased expression of functional hyperpolarization‐activated/HCN channel current and may underlie the analgesic effects of the specific Ih blocker ZD7288 previously described in neuropathic pain models.
Optoacoustic imaging of blood perfusion: Techniques for intraoperative tissue viability assessment
Authors: Dima Alexander , Gateau Jérôme , Claussen Jing , Wilhelm Dirk , Ntziachristos Vasilis
Published: March 2013

Reliably assessing tissue viability during surgery is of major importance in surgical procedures. The most basic requirement for viability is sufficient oxygen supply to the tissue. Therefore it is highly desirable to visualize in real‐time the dynamic process of blood perfusion up to and within the microvasculature. A modality sensitive to structures in the range of few hundred micrometers and offering high contrast to the embedding tissue is then needed. To this end, a number of methods have been developed, but have had no significant impact on the clinical routine due to various deficiencies. In this paper we demonstrate the applicability of optoacoustic imaging, which combines ultrasonic resolution with strong optical contrast. A method for optoacoustic perfusion assessment, based on a local and repeatable injection of saline, was proposed and assessed ex‐vivo on large pig bowels and in‐vivo in mouse tails. The obtained dynamic perfusion images highlight the method's potential to enable immediate and quantitative assessment of tissue viability during surgery. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Zap70 inhibits Syk‐mediated osteoclast function
Authors: Zou Wei , Croke Monica , Fukunaga Tomohiro , Broekelmann Thomas J. , Mecham Robert P. , Teitelbaum Steven L.
Published: March 2013

The αvβ3 integrin stimulates the resorptive capacity of the differentiated osteoclast (OC) by organizing its cytoskeleton via the tyrosine kinase, Syk. Thus, Syk‐deficient OCs fails to spread or form actin rings, in vitro and in vivo. The Syk family of tyrosine kinases consists of Syk itself and Zap70 which are expressed by different cell types. Because of their structural similarity, and its compensatory properties in other cells, we asked if Zap70 can substitute for absence of Syk in OCs. While expression of Syk, as expected, normalizes the cytoskeletal abnormalities of Syk−/− OCs, Zap70 fails do so. In keeping with this observation, Syk, but not Zap70, rescues αvβ3 integrin‐induced SLP76 phosphorylation in Syk−/− OCs. Furthermore the kinase sequence of Syk partially rescues the Syk−/− phenotype but full normalization also requires its SH2 domains. Surprisingly, expression of Zap70 inhibits WT OC spreading, actin ring formation and bone resorptive activity, but not differentiation. In keeping with arrested cytoskeletal organization, Zap70 blocks integrin‐activated endogenous Syk and Vav3, SLP76 phosphorylation. Such inhibition requires Zap70 kinase activity, as it is abolished by mutation of the Zap70 kinase domain. Thus, while the kinase domain of Syk is uniquely required for OC function that of Zap70 inhibits it. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1871–1878, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Down‐regulation of c‐fos by shRNA sensitizes adriamycin‐resistant MCF‐7/ADR cells to chemotherapeutic agents via P‐glycoprotein inhibition and apoptosis augmentation
Authors: Shi Ruizan , Peng Hongwei , Yuan Xiangfei , Zhang Xiuli , Zhang Yanjun , Fan Dongmei , Liu Xuyi , Xiong Dongsheng
Published: March 2013

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major hurdle in the treatment of cancer. Research indicated that the main mechanisms of most cancers included so‐called “pump” (P‐glycoprotein, P‐gp) and “non‐pump” (apoptosis) resistance. Identification of novel signaling molecules associated with both P‐gp and apoptosis will facilitate the development of more effective strategies to overcome MDR in tumor cells. Since the proto‐oncogene c‐fos has been implicated in cell adaptation to environmental changes, we analyzed its role in mediating “pump” and “non‐pump” resistance in MCF‐7/ADR, an adriamycin (ADR)‐selected human breast cancer cell line with the MDR phenotype. Elevated expression of c‐fos in MCF‐7/ADR cells and induction of c‐fos by ADR in the parental drug‐sensitive MCF‐7 cells suggested a link between c‐fos and MDR phenotype. Down‐regulation of c‐fos expression via shRNA resulted in sensitization of MCF‐7/ADR cells to chemotherapeutic agents, including both P‐gp and non‐P‐gp substrates. Further results proved that c‐fos down‐regulation in MCF‐7/ADR cells resulted in decreased P‐gp expression and activity, enhanced apoptosis, and altered expression of apoptosis‐associated proteins (i.e., Bax, Bcl‐2, p53, and PUMA). All above facts indicate that c‐fos is involved in both P‐gp‐ and anti‐apoptosis‐mediated MDR of MCF‐7/ADR cells. Based on these results, we propose that c‐fos may represent a potential molecular target for resistant cancer therapy, and suppressing c‐fos gene expression may therefore be an effective means to temper breast cancer cell's MDR to cytotoxic chemotherapy. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1890–1900, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inhibition of the canonical Wnt pathway by high glucose can be reversed by parathyroid hormone‐related protein in osteoblastic cells
Authors: López‐Herradón Ana , Portal‐Núñez Sergio , García‐Martín Adela , Lozano Daniel , Pérez‐Martínez Francisco C. , Ceña Valentín , Esbrit Pedro
Published: March 2013

Recent in vivo findings suggest that the bone sparing effect of parathyroid hormone‐related protein (PTHrP) in diabetic mice might occur at least in part through targeting a suppressed Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in osteoblasts. We here aimed to examine the inhibitory action of a high glucose environment on specific components of the canonical Wnt pathway, and the putative compensatory effects of PTHrP, in osteoblastic cell cultures. Mouse osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells and primary cultures of fetal mouse calvaria were exposed to normal (5.5 mM) or high (25 mM) D‐glucose (HG), with or without PTHrP (1–36) or PTHrP (107–139) for different times. In some experiments, MC3T3‐E1 cells were incubated with the Wnt pathway activators Wnt3a and LiCl, or were transfected with plasmids encoding either a mutated β‐catenin that cannot be targeted for degradation or a human PTHrP (−36/+139) cDNA, or the corresponding empty plasmid, in the presence or absence of HG. The gene expression of Wnt3a and low density receptor‐like proteins (LRP)‐5 and 6, as well as β‐catenin protein stabilization and β‐catenin‐dependent transcription activity were evaluated. Oxidative stress status under HG condition was also assessed. The present data demonstrate that HG can target different components of the canonical Wnt pathway, while β‐catenin degradation appears to be a key event leading to inhibition of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in mouse osteoblastic cells. Both PTHrP peptides tested were able to counteract this deleterious action of HG. These in vitro findings also provide new clues to understand the underlying mechanisms whereby PTHrP can increase bone formation. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1908–1916, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heat and radiofrequency plasma glow discharge pretreatment of a titanium alloy: Eveidence for enhanced osteoinductive properties
Authors: Rapuano Bruce E. , Singh Herman , Boskey Adele L. , Doty Stephen B. , MacDonald Daniel E.
Published: March 2013

It is believed that orthopedic and implant longevity can be improved by optimizing fixation, or direct bone‐implant contact, through the stimulation of new bone formation around the implant. The purpose of this study was to determine whether heat (600°C) or radiofrequency plasma glow discharge (RFGD) pretreatment of Ti6Al4V stimulated calcium‐phosphate mineral formation in cultures of attached MC3T3 osteoprogenitor cells with or without a fibronectin coating. Calcium‐phosphate mineral was analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/electron dispersive X‐ray microanalysis (EDAX) and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). RFGD and heat pretreatments produced a general pattern of increased total soluble calcium levels, although the effect of heat pretreatment was greater than that of RFGD. SEM/EDAX showed the presence of calcium‐and phosphorus‐containing particles on untreated and treated disks that were more numerous on fibronectin‐coated disks. These particles were observed earliest (1 week) on RFGD‐pretreated surfaces. FTIR analyses showed that the heat pretreatment produced a general pattern of increased levels of apatite mineral at 2–4 weeks; a greater effect was observed for fibronectin‐coated disks compared to uncoated disks. The observed findings suggest that heat pretreatment of Ti6Al4V increased the total mass of the mineral formed in MC3T3 osteoprogenitor cell cultures more than RFGD while the latter pretreatment hastened the early deposition of mineral. These findings help to support the hypothesis that the pretreatments enhance the osteoinductive properties of the alloy. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1917–1927, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Aldolase sequesters WASP and affects WASP/Arp2/3‐stimulated actin dynamics
Authors: Lew Carolyn Ritterson , Tolan Dean R.
Published: March 2013

In addition to its roles in sugar metabolism, fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphate aldolase (aldolase) has been implicated in cellular functions independent from these roles, termed “moonlighting functions.” These moonlighting functions likely involve the known aldolase–actin interaction, as many proteins with which aldolase interacts are involved in actin‐dependent processes. Specifically, aldolase interacts both in vitro and in cells with Wiskott–Aldrich Syndrome Protein (WASP), a protein involved in controlling actin dynamics, yet the function of this interaction remains unknown. Here, the effect of aldolase on WASP‐dependent processes in vitro and in cells is investigated. Aldolase inhibits WASP/Arp2/3‐dependent actin polymerization in vitro. In cells, knockdown of aldolase results in a decreased rate of cell motility and cell spreading, two WASP‐dependent processes. Expression of exogenous aldolase rescues these defects. Whether these effects of aldolase on WASP‐dependent processes were due to aldolase catalysis or moonlighting functions is tested using aldolase variants defective in either catalytic or actin‐binding activity. While the actin‐binding deficient aldolase variant is unable to inhibit actin polymerization in vitro and is unable to rescue cell motility defects in cells, the catalytically inactive aldolase is able to perform these functions, providing evidence that aldolase moonlighting plays a role in WASP‐mediated processes. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1928–1939, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Representations and Visual Synthesis in Engineering Design
Authors: Juhl Joakim , Lindegaard Hanne
Published: March 2013

Background

Engineers who engage with innovation and design rely on cooperation and knowledge sharing across multiple disciplines. However, the traditional engineering curriculum promotes and emphasizes engineering sciences and monodisciplinary skills and gives less priority to important collaborative skills such as sketching and visualization.

Purpose

This article addresses how students engage with engineering design challenges and use visual representations to develop and integrate recognitions. Our study explores how technical, analytical disciplinary competences are combined with those of qualitative, ethnographic user studies.

Design/Method

Through a qualitative field study and an analysis of a collection of representations produced during a design process by a team of engineering students, the role of representations in the early stages of collaborative engineering design is explored. After reassembling the representations according to dates and themes, we deployed various perspectives from science and technology studies and engineering studies to assess the students' epistemic journey.

Results

Representations not only communicate findings but also incorporate analysis in their creation, and facilitate what we call collaborative design synthesis. Successful representations present and organize recognitions so that they are recognizable across other disciplines and can be integrated into new recognitions. Representations therefore shape the collaborative base of the design process and emphasize the important competences that can produce them.

Conclusions

The analysis shows that collaborative design synthesis is an epistemology consisting of (1) exploration, (2) inscription, (3) collection, and (4) combining and refining. The important ability of representations to draw together is termed transferability, and the competence to produce them, disciplinary mastery.
Out‐of‐School Media Representations of Science and Technology and their Relevance for Engineering Learning
Authors: Tang Kok‐Sing
Published: March 2013

Background

Many adolescents develop ideas about and attitudes toward engineering through their exposure to out‐of‐school representations of science and technology. Yet few studies have investigated the nature of these representations and found ways to use them in formal engineering learning.

Purpose

This article explores media representations of science and technology that today's adolescents are familiar with. It analyzes how the embedded representations compare with those found in academic engineering and examines how these representations influence students' knowledge of and dispositions toward engineering.

Design/Method

In a design‐based research project, a group of high school students personally selected texts (found in magazines, videos, Web sites) related to topics of mechanics and electricity. A constant comparative method was used to analyze student interviews, while discourse analysis was used to analyze their selected texts. The analyses of two exemplary texts, aMotor Trendautomobile magazine article and aMythbusterstelevision episode, are presented to illustrate the main findings.

Results

Several characteristics of out‐of‐school representations are similar to engineering representations in their explanations of technically complex systems, prototype building, and testing. Out‐of‐school representations also present contrasting views of technology due to the diverging practices and rhetorical purposes of media professionals. This contrast poses affective challenges for beginning engineering students.

Conclusions

Because out‐of‐school representations have the potential to shape adolescents' interests, we need to understand how they create both opportunities and obstacles for engineering education and public communication.
Colorimetric and microscopic study of the thermal behavior of new ceramic pigments
Authors: Saviuc‐Paval Ana Mihaela , Victor Sandu Andrei , Marcel Popa Ionel , Anca Sandu Irina Crina , Petru Bertea Andrei , Sandu Ion
Published: March 2013

The article studies thermal resistance variation by analyzing the colorimetric parameters correlated with the optical microscopy data of two groups of ceramic pigments obtained by co‐precipitation in aqueous medium of phosphate anion and of a mixture of chromium phosphate with various chromophore cations. This research enabled us to reveal the thermal thresholds/domains within which significant color changes occur, thus allowing the choice of pigments compatible with the thermal varnishing‐glazing processes involved in the manufacture of tesserae for mosaic and stained glass and of colored materials for floor tiles, wall tiles and painted porcelain. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:564–571, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structure of the olfactory receptor organs, their GABAergic neural pathways, and modulation of mating behavior, in the giant freshwater prawn,Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Authors: Kruangkum Thanapong , Chotwiwatthanakun Charoonroj , Vanichviriyakit Rapeepun , Tinikul Yotsawan , Anuracpreeda Panat , Wanichanon Chaitip , Hanna Peter J. , Sobhon Prasert
Published: March 2013

In the giant male prawn,Macrobrachium rosenbergii, the olfactory system is thought to be the main pathway for modulating sexual behavior through pheromone perception. In this report, we first used gross anatomical, histological, and SEM methods to describe the structures of the olfactory receptors (sensilla setae), their neural pathways, and possible role in modulating mating behavior. On the surfaces of antennule and antenna filaments there are four types of sensory receptors, viz single spike‐like setae, single flagellum‐like setae, multiple flagella‐like setae, and aesthetascs (ASs). The ASs, which had previously been proposed to be odor receptor setae, are found only on the short filament of lateral antennule (slAn). Each AS on the slAn connects with olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), whose axons form an outer central antennule nerve (ocAnNv), which then connects with the olfactory neutrophil (ON) of the brain. Thus, the slAn is the major olfactory organ that conveys sensory inputs from each AS to the ON within the deutocerebrum. GABA immunoreactivity was present in ASs, neurons of ORNs, inner central antennular, lateral tegumentary nerve, ocAnNv and the ON, inferring that GABA is the likely neurotransmitter in modulating olfaction. Disruption of the slAn by ablation or covering with Vaseline, resulted in significant reduction of mating behavior, indicating that this organ is crucial for sex pheromone perception. Identification of the active pheromones and further bioassays are now being performed.Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:572–587, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Beyond statistical prediction: qualitative evaluation of the mechanisms by which pediatric early warning scores impact patient safety
Authors: Bonafide Christopher P. , Roberts Kathryn E. , Weirich Christine M. , Paciotti Breah , Tibbetts Kathleen M. , Keren Ron , Barg Frances K. , Holmes John H.
Published: March 2013

BACKGROUND

Early warning scores (EWSs) assign points to clinical observations and generate scores to help clinicians identify deteriorating patients. Despite marginal predictive accuracy in retrospective datasets and a paucity of studies prospectively evaluating their clinical effectiveness, pediatric EWSs are commonly used.

OBJECTIVE

To identify mechanisms beyond their statistical ability to predict deterioration by which physicians and nurses use EWSs to support their decision making.

DESIGN

Qualitative study.

SETTING

A children's hospital with a rapid response system.

PARTICIPANTS

Physicians and nurses who recently cared for patients with false‐positive and false‐negative EWSs (score failures).

INTERVENTION

Semistructured interviews.

MEASUREMENTS

Themes identified through grounded theory analysis.

RESULTS

Four themes emerged among the 57 subjects interviewed: (1) The EWS facilitates safety by alerting physicians and nurses to concerning changes and prompting them to think critically about deterioration. (2) The EWS provides less‐experienced nurses with vital sign reference ranges. (3) The EWS serves as evidence that empowers nurses to overcome barriers to escalating care. (4) In stable patients, those with baseline abnormal physiology, and those experiencing neurologic deterioration, the EWS may not be helpful.

CONCLUSIONS

Although pediatric EWSs have marginal performance when applied to datasets, clinicians who recently experienced score failures still considered them valuable to identify deterioration and transcend hierarchical barriers. Combining an EWS with a clinician's judgment may result in a system better equipped to respond to deterioration than retrospective data analyses alone would suggest. Future research should seek to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of EWSs in real‐world settings. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013;8:248–253. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine
Quantification of L‐ergothioneine in human plasma and erythrocytes by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Ling‐Zhi , Thuya Win‐Lwin , Toh Dorothy Su‐Lin , Lie Michael George‐Limenta , Lau Jie‐Ying Amelia , Kong Li‐Ren , Wan Seow‐Ching , Chua Kian‐Ngiap , Lee Edmund Jon‐Deoon , Goh Boon‐Cher
Published: March 2013

A sensitive analytical method has been developed and validated for the quantification of L‐ergothioneine in human plasma and erythrocytes by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. A commercially available isotope‐labeled L‐ergothioneine‐d9 is used as the internal standard. A simple protein precipitation with acetonitrile is utilized for bio‐sample preparation prior to analysis. Chromatographic separation of L‐ergothioneine is conducted using gradient elution on Alltime C18 (150 mm × 2.1 mm, 5 µ). The run time is 6 min at a constant flow rate of 0.45 ml/min. The mass spectrometer is operated under a positive electrospray ionization condition with multiple reaction monitoring mode. The mass transitions of L‐ergothioneine and L‐ergothioneine‐d9 are m/z 230 > 127 and m/z 239 > 127, respectively. Excellent linearity [coefficient of determination (r2) ≥ 0.9998] can be achieved for L‐ergothioneine quantification at the ranges of 10 to 10 000 ng/ml, with the intra‐day and inter‐day precisions at 0.9–3.9% and 1.3–5.7%, respectively, and the accuracies for all quality control samples between 94.5 and 101.0%. This validated analytical method is suitable for pharmacokinetic monitoring of L‐ergothioneine in human and erythrocytes. Based on the determination of bio‐samples from five healthy subjects, the mean concentrations of L‐ergothioneine in plasma and erythrocytes are 107.4 ± 20.5 ng/ml and 1285.0 ± 1363.0 ng/ml, respectively. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection and characterization of ticlopidine conjugates in rat bile using high‐resolution mass spectrometry: applications of various data acquisition and processing tools
Authors: Du Fuying , Ruan Qian , Zhu Mingshe , Xing Jie
Published: March 2013

Ticlopidine, an antiplatelet drug, undergoes extensive oxidative metabolism to form S‐oxide, N‐oxide, hydroxylated and dealkylated metabolites. However, metabolism of ticlopidine via conjugation has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, multiple data acquisition and processing tools were applied to the detection and characterization of ticlopidine conjugates in rat bile. Accurate full‐scan mass spectrometry (MS) and collision‐induced dissociation (CID) MS/MS data sets were recorded using isotope pattern‐dependent acquisition on an LTQ/Orbitrap system. In addition, mass spectral data from online H/D exchanging and high collision energy dissociation (HCD) were recorded. Data processes were carried out using extracted ion chromatography (EIC), mass defect filter (MDF) and isotope pattern filter (IPF). The total ion chromatogram displayed a few major conjugated metabolites and many endogenous components. Profiles from EIC and IPF processes exhibited multiple conjugates with no or minimal false positives. However, ticlopidine conjugates that were not predictable or lost a chorine atom were not found by EIC or IPF, respectively. MDF was able to detect almost all of ticlopidine conjugates although it led to a few more false positives. In addition to CID spectra, data from HCD, H/D exchanging experiments and isotope pattern simulation facilitated structural characterization of unknown conjugates. Consequently, 20 significant ticlopidine conjugates, including glucuronide, glutathione, cysteinylglycine, cysteine and N‐acetylcysteine conjugates, were identified in rat bile, a majority of which are associated with bioactivation and not previously reported. This study demonstrates the utility and limitation of various high‐resolution MS‐based data acquisition and processing techniques in detection and characterization of conjugated metabolites. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Six‐week gait retraining program reduces knee adduction moment, reduces pain, and improves function for individuals with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Shull Pete B. , Silder Amy , Shultz Rebecca , Dragoo Jason L. , Besier Thor F. , Delp Scott L. , Cutkosky Mark R.
Published: March 2013

This study examined the influence of a 6‐week gait retraining program on the knee adduction moment (KAM) and knee pain and function. Ten subjects with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis and self‐reported knee pain participated in weekly gait retraining sessions over 6 weeks. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores and a 10‐point visual‐analog pain scale score were measured at baseline, post‐training (end of 6 weeks), and 1 month after training ended. Gait retraining reduced the first peak KAM by 20% (p < 0.01) post‐training as a result of a 7° decrease in foot progression angle (i.e., increased internal foot rotation), compared to baseline (p < 0.01). WOMAC pain and function scores were improved at post‐training by 29% and 32%, respectively (p < 0.05) and visual‐analog pain scale scores improved by two points (p < 0.05). Changes in WOMAC pain and function were approximately 75% larger than the expected placebo effect (p < 0.05). Changes in KAM, foot progression angle, WOMAC pain and function, and visual‐analog pain score were retained 1 month after the end of the 6‐week training period (p < 0.05). These results show that a 6‐week gait retraining program can reduce the KAM and improve symptoms for individuals with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis and knee pain. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1020–1025, 2013
Speleothem constraints on marine isotope stage (MIS) 5 relative sea levels, Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico
Authors: MOSELEY GINA E. , SMART PETER L. , RICHARDS DAVID A. , HOFFMANN DIRK L.
Published: March 2013

Rates of sea‐level fall at the termination of the last interglacial are poorly defined and archives from which sea‐level elevations are constrained during marine isotope stage (MIS) 5 in the western North Atlantic–Caribbean region are restricted spatially to a few key sites. Here, growth periods of presently submerged but subaerially deposited speleothems from the Yucatan Peninsula, south‐east Mexico, are dated using the 230Th/234U multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric method. The growth periods, used to constrain maximum elevations of relative sea level, are in agreement with glacio‐isostatic adjustment models for the near to intermediate region of the former North American ice sheets. Furthermore, our data provide additional constraints on the timing of peak relative sea levels during MIS 5a and 5c, and the timing of the regression following the last interglacial highstand. Combining our data with coral archives of minimum relative sea level from the same region provides a novel approach to calculating the rate of relative sea‐level fall, although initial estimates are poorly constrained because of the wide range in ages observed for the most suitable corals. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dem Trend in der Automobilindustrie folgen
Authors: Hasse Holger
Published: March 2013

Sind Sie Besitzer eines Automobils mit einer Erstzulassung ab etwa 2001? Wenn ja, dann sind Sie von Lasererzeugnissen förmlich umgeben. Denn seit gut einer Dekade werden neben den Airbags sowie Stahl‐ und Karosserieanwendungen, den bekanntesten Laseranwendungen im Automobilesektor, einige interessante Applikationen mehr im Automotive‐Bereich mittels CO2‐Lasertechnik realisiert.
Schaum überbrückt Fügespalt
Authors: Wissemborski Rüdiger , Klein Rolf
Published: March 2013

Laserstrahlschweißen von thermoplastischen Kunststoffen kann heute bei der industriellen Herstellung von Kunststoffbauteilen zu den etablierten Fügeverfahren gezählt werden [1,2]. Das als Laserdurchstrahlschweißen bekannte Verfahren wird in Branchen wie Automobilbau, Medizintechnik, Elektronik oder Haushaltswaren erfolgreich eingesetzt.

Als Verfahrensvarianten des Laserdurchstrahlschweißens haben sich bevorzugt das Konturschweißen und das Quasisimultanschweißen in der industriellen Praxis durchgesetzt. Speziell beim Laserkonturschweißen können vorhandene Fügespalte zu Störungen des Schweißprozesses mit verminderter Nahtqualität führen. Das neu entwickelte LIS‐Verfahren (Laser‐induziertes Schäumen) zum gezielten Aufschäumen von Kunststoffen durch Laserstrahlung kann hier Abhilfe leisten. Das LIS‐Verfahren wurde ursprünglich für das Laserstrahlmarkieren entwickelt, um erhabene Strukturen (z.B. Blindenschrift) auf der Kunststoffoberfläche zu erzeugen.
The effects of microwave heating on edible oils and lipid‐containing food
Authors: Inchingolo Raffaella , Cardenia Vladimiro , Rodriguez‐Estrada Maria Teresa
Published: March 2013

Lipids and lipid‐containing foods are particularly sensitive to microwave heating as the specific heat of lipids is low and thus they are quickly warmed up. Microwave heating mainly promotes lipid oxidation, but it can also cause lipolysis and polymerization. This cooking method can differently impact lipid oxidation depending on the treatment conditions used (power, temperature and time), as well as on food composition. This review provides a picture of the main degradation effects of microwave heating on vegetable oils and lipid‐containing foods with emphasis on both fatty acids and cholesterol oxidation.