bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variación fenotípica de la langosta espinosa Panulirus argus (Decapoda: Paniluridae) en el Caribe Suroccidental
Authors: Bolaños Cubillos Nacor Wilder , Campos Nestor Hernando , Márquez Edna Judith
Published: September 2016

The spiny lobster Panulirus argus is an important fishery species in the Western Central Atlantic. Changes in the dispersion range through its life cycle and heterogeneous habitats, suggest that P. argus exhibit phenotypic plasticity. However, the morphometric variation of this species is unknown so far, although this information is relevant in evolutionary studies as well as to solve questions of fishery interest. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether P. argus exhibit phenotypic variation between sexes, among five geographic origins and three oceanographic conditions of Southwest Caribbean (Colombian archipelago San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina). A total of 193 P. argus adults were submitted to geometric morphometrics using six landmarks that delimit one half of the sternal plate. The differences in sternal plate size were compared with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney Tests. The allometric effect was estimated using Multivariate Regression Analysis, the model of allometric slopes was tested by Multivariate analysis of covariance and the sternal plate shape differences was explored using non-parametric comparisons of Euclidian distances and Neighbour Joinnig trees. The results showed that the morphometric variation of sternal plate of this spiny lobster varied according to the gender since the sexual size and shape dimorphisms were significant. In both sexes, the sternal plate shape differed among oceanographic scenarios as it was evidenced by significant differences among Euclidian distances, and the tendency to cluster by North, Centre and South sections of San Andrés archipelago. Additionally, the morphometric variation resulting from phenotypic plasticity to variable ecological contexts may explain the phenotypic differences among genetically similar populations. This information permits to define management units, support the selection of regulatory policies of this fishery and complement the genetic analysis of the species in this Caribbean region.
Scorpions maintenance in captivity for venom extraction purposes in Costa Rica
Authors: Brenes Emanuel , Gómez Aaron
Published: September 2016

Approximately 2 000 scorpion species can be found around the world; although few species are considered “harmful” to human beings, a high number of scorpionism cases are reported all over the world. The elaboration of anti-scorpion sera requires the establishment of an animal collection maintained in captivity for venom extraction purposes. The Clodomiro Picado Institute (ICP, for its acronym in Spanish), poses a vast trajectory in manufacturing snakebite antivenoms, and starts a scorpion collection in 2005 for this purpose. In total, 2 043 scorpions were classified in 11 species and collected during a seven-year period using a black-light flashlight and an intensive seeking methodology. The scorpions were collected from several localities of the Pacific and the Caribbean versants of Costa Rica. The venom extraction was performed by applying electrostimulation; the collected venom was characterized by total protein content in addition to median lethal doses. Centruroides bicolor showed higher amounts of venom yield, total protein content and more lethal dose, all of which were correlated with its body mass. The techniques used to keep scorpions in captivity allowed the animals to live several years. Longevity analysis showed significant differences among scorpion genera (H= 353.80; df= 3; P < 0.0001); moreover, the genus Didymocentrus lived longer with an average of 4.46 years. One key factor of its longevity was that it did not go through venom extraction processes. Additionally, a high survival rate of Tityus pachyurus born in captivity, compared to other species within the same genus, was observed (H= 94.32; df= 3; P < 0.0001). This characteristic should be taken into consideration, when programs of reproduction in captivity are designed. In conclusion, the maintenance of a scorpion collection was efficient for venom extraction purposes and a longer life expectancy of the animals. Moreover, there is a scarcity on publications regarding scorpion maintenance in captivity for venom extraction purposes; therefore, a deeper research in aspects such as reproduction, death causes and feeding behaviors is required.
Bibliometry of the Revista de Biología Tropical / International Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation: document types, languages, countries, institutions, citations and article lifespan
Authors: Monge-Nájera Julián , Ho Yuh-Shan
Published: September 2016

The Revista de Biología Tropical / International Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation, founded in 1953, publishes feature articles about tropical nature and is considered one of the leading journals in Latin America. This article analyzes document type, language, countries, institutions, citations and for the first time article lifespan, from 1976 through 2014. We analyzed 3 978 documents from the Science Citation Index Expanded. Articles comprised 88 % of the total production and had 3.7 citations on average, lower than reviews. Spanish and English articles were nearly equal in numbers and citation for English articles was only slightly higher. Costa Rica, Mexico, and the USA are the countries with more articles, and the leading institutions were Universidad de Costa Rica, Universidad Nacional, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico and Universidad de Oriente (Venezuela). The citation lifespan of articles is long, around 37 years. It is not surprising that Costa Rica, Mexico, and Venezuela lead in productivity and cooperation, because they are mostly covered by tropical ecosystems and share a common culture and a tradition of scientific cooperation. The same applies to the leading institutions, which are among the largest Spanish language universities in the neotropical region. American output can be explained by the regional presence of the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and the Organization for Tropical Studies. Tropical research does not have the rapid change typical of medical research, and for this reason, the impact factor misses most of citations for the Revista, which are made after the two-year window used by the Web of Science. This issue is especially damaging for the Revista because most journals that deal with tropical biology are never checked when citations are counted for by the Science Citation Index.
The geographic distribution of Costa Rican velvet worms (Onychophora: Peripatidae)
Authors: Barquero González José Pablo , Cabrera Alvarado Adrián Alonso , Vallejo Cubero Stephanie , Monge Nájera Julián , Morera Brenes Bernal
Published: September 2016

Velvet worms, "peripatus" or onychophorans, are "living fossils" that were geographically widespread in Cambrian seas but now occur exclusively on terrestrial habitats. The only extant species studied in some detail are those from Costa Rica, but their real geographic distribution was in urgent need of revision. To solve this problem we visited the localities mentioned in all the original taxonomic descriptions and redescriptions. These visits covered a 25 year period (1988-2014) and included interviews with local residents. We also examined all Costa Rican collections, and checked the information in old maps and books. Here we critically review geographic data, correct errors, designed neotype localities, report on the survival of populations after heavy volcanic eruptions or urbanization, and present the correct geographical distribution for the seven currently described Costa Rican species.
Seasonal behavior of Thalassia testudinum (Hydrocharitaceae) metabolites
Authors: Hernández Rivera Yasnay , González García Kethia , Valdés-Iglesias Olga Del Rosario , Zarabozo Silva Akaena , Portal Ríos Yessica , Laguna Granja Abilio , Martínez Daranas Beatriz , Rodríguez García María , Gutiérrez Cuesta Richard
Published: September 2016

The marine angiosperm Thalassia testudinum, commonly known as turtle grass, is a dominant seagrass that grows in the Caribbean Sea shelf associated to Syringodium filiforme. The hydroalcoholic extract of T. testudinum is rich in polyphenols; the most abundant metabolite in this extract is thalassiolin B, a glycosilated flavonoid with skin damage repairing properties, and antioxidant capacity among others. The present study aimed at generating information about the seasonal behavior of secondary metabolites, as well as to study the antioxidant capacity of the T. testudinum leaves extract, collected monthly during 2012 from the Northeast coastline of Havana, Cuba. For this study, spectrophotometric methods were used to determine the concentrations of polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, soluble carbohydrates and proteins, chlorophylls a and b, and antioxidant activity of the extracts. In general, results demonstrated seasonal variations of the analyzed parameters. Extracts prepared from the vegetal material collected in October and November showed the highest values of polyphenols (58.81 ± 1.53 and 52.39 ± 0.63 mg/g bs, respectivally) and flavonoids (44.12 ± 1.30 and 51.30 ± 0.67 mg/gdw, respectively). On the contrary, the lowest values of polyphenols were found in extracts of leaves collected in July and August (15.51 ± 0.84 and 13.86 ± 0.48 mg/g,respectively). In accordance with these results, the lower value of Inhibitory Concentration (IC50) was obtained to get a 50 % of maximal effect on free radical scavenging activity with the extracts prepared from leaves collected in October and November, and less significant IC50 was obtained from the extract prepared from leaves collected in August (5.63 mg/mL). A negative correlation (r= -0.694) was observed in this study between the content of polyphenols and the IC50 necessary to get the half of its antioxidant maximal effect. The high correspondence between the maximum values of polyphenols, flavonoids, carbohydrates and proteins in October and November, revealed a close relationship between these metabolites found in the extract of T. testudinum. Our hypothesis about the annual variation in the concentration of these metabolites was validated; and these results will support the correct harvesting of T. testudinum leaves for biotechnology and industrial purposes.
Using indigenous knowledge to link land cover mapping with land use in the Venezuelan Amazon
Authors: Olivero Jesús
Published: September 2016

Remote sensing and traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) can be combined to advance conservation of remote tropical regions, e.g. Amazonia, where intensive in situ surveys are often not possible. Integrating TEK into monitoring and management of these areas allows for community participation, as well as for offering novel insights into sustainable resource use. In this study, we developed a 250-m-resolution land-cover map of the western Guyana Shield (Venezuela) based on remote sensing, and used TEK to validate its relevance for indigenous livelihoods and land uses. We first employed a hyper-temporal remotely sensed vegetation index to derive a land classification system. During a 1,300-km, 8-day fluvial expedition in roadless areas in the Amazonas State (Venezuela), we visited six indigenous communities who provided geo-referenced data on hunting, fishing and farming activities. We overlaid these TEK data onto the land classification map, to link land classes with indigenous use. Several classes were significantly connected with agriculture, fishing, overall hunting, and more specifically the hunting of primates, red brocket deer, black agouti, and white-lipped peccary. We then characterized land classes using greenness and topo-hydrological information, and proposed 12 land-cover types, grouped into five main landscapes: 1) water bodies; 2) open lands/forest edges; 3) evergreen forests; 4) submontane semideciduous forests, and 5) cloud forests. Our results show that TEK-based approaches can serve as a basis for validating the livelihood relevance of landscapes in high-value conservation areas, which can form the basis for furthering the management of natural resources in these regions.
Anaerobic microbiota: spatial-temporal changes in the sediment of a tropical coastal lagoon with ephemeral inlet
Authors: Torres Alvarado María Del Rocío
Published: September 2016

Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and methanogenic archaea (MA) share common niches in coastal sediments during the terminal phases of the anaerobic mineralization of organic matter. The purpose of this study was to analyse the spatial-temporal variation of SRB and MA in the sediments of a tropical coastal lagoon with ephemeral inlet and its relationship with environmental changes. Sediment samples were collected during the dry, rainy and northers seasons. Microbiological analyses included the quantification of the viable SRB and MA with different substrates, as well as mineralization experiments to determine the effect of sulfate on acetate oxidation. The analyzed environmental variables included temperature, pH, Eh, salinity, sulfates, H2S, volatile solids, carbohydrates, and granulometric characteristics. Major changes occurred between the dry and rainy seasons. During the dry season, sulfate-reducing abundance was significantly greater with lactate (8.3x105-1.2x107 cells/g) and propionate (1.8x105-6.6x106 cells/g) as substrates, while the MA that use methanol were dominant (4.2x105-9.1x106 cells/g). In contrast, during the rainy season, hydrogenophylic (2.6x105-8.3x106 cells/g) and acetoclastic (5.4x105-6.4x106 cells/g) MA increased significantly and SRB decreased in the analyzed substrates. An apparent competition for acetate was observed, with a greater oxidation in the media with sulfates in the dry (0.06 mM acetate/g sediment/day) season, and a greater oxidation in the media without sulfates in the rainy season (0.02 mM acetate/g sediment/day). SRB and MA were present throughout the sediment column, however SRB dominated in the first centimeters of the sediment while MA were abundant in deeper layers. Salinity, sulfate, the organic fractions, and silt were the environmental variables that explained the SRB and MA dynamics.
Quantification of biofilm formation on silicone intranasal splints: An in vitro study
Authors: Pavlović Bojan , Božić Dragana D. , Milovanović Jovica , Jotić Ana , Djukić Vojko , Djukić Slobodanka , Konstantinović Neda , Ćirković Ivana
Published: September 2016

Objectives:

Biofilms are associated with persistent infections and resistant to conventional therapeutic strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate the quantity of biofilm produced on silicone intranasal splints.

Methods:

Quantity of biofilm formation on silicone splints (SS) was tested on 15 strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Moraxella catarrhalis, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed in accordance with European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing recommendations.

Results:

All tested strains formed different amounts of biofilm on SS: 66.7% S. aureus and 93.3% M. catarrhalis were weak biofilm producers and 33.3% S. aureus and 6.7% M. catarrhalis were moderate biofilm producers. S. aureus formed significantly higher quantity of biofilm compared with M. catarrhalis (p < 0.05). Multidrug resistant S. aureus produced significantly higher amount of biofilm compared with non-multidrug resistant strains (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Quantity of biofilm on SS is highly dependent on bacterial species and their resistance patterns. Future studies are needed to ascertain another therapeutic option for prophylaxis prior to SS placement.
Does inflation targeting work well? Evidence from CEE countries
Authors: Wang Chen
Published: September 2016

This article examines the effects of inflation targeting (IT) policy on inflation and output performance. I employ the propensity score matching method for the sample of CEE countries from 1990 to 2010. The evidence suggests that the IT regime does not have a significant effect on the inflation level or the inflation volatility; however, the IT framework can help to increase GDP per capita. The effects on inflation indicators are inconsistent with previous studies. The results are robust to different methodologies.
The psychology of investing: Stock market recommendations and their impact on investors’ decisions (the example of the Polish stock market)
Authors: Keller Jakub , Pastusiak Radoslaw
Published: September 2016

This study seeks to show the impact of stock recommendation reports on the efficiency of investments in the Polish stock market. The study is carried out in two stages: the first takes place at the micro-level and is based on a behavioural experiment, while the second focuses on the verification of our results obtained on a real market. The main assertion is that stock recommendations create heuristic effects among investors near the publication date of the recommendation. The ambiguity of the recommendations hinders investors’ reliable and unequivocal evaluation in investment decisions. There are studies in this field for different stock markets and periods of time, but our research added significant new knowledge about the functioning of the Polish stock exchange. Our study fits into the mainstream analysis of outlining the behaviour of investors in the capital market. The research findings underpin our pessimism about the impact of stock recommendations on investors’ behaviour.
Diagnosing cluster competitiveness using firm-level data in the profit—growth nexus framework
Authors: Perényi Áron
Published: September 2016

Competitiveness is defined at the level of firms, clusters, regions, and nations. Although researchers have extensively explored the concept of competitiveness in each of these respective categories, an understanding of the relationship between levels of competitiveness is lacking. The simple aggregation of indicators to approximate broader categories of competitiveness is challenged as a robust solution. This paper proposes an alternative solution to aggregating firm-level competitiveness, based on the profit—growth nexus. Using data collected from SMEs in two ICT clusters, the size— profit—growth relationships were tested. Based on 83 Hungarian and 71 Australian responses, positive relationships were found in both samples, demonstrating high cluster-level competitiveness. It is argued that this outcome better represents cluster-level competitiveness based on firm-level data, than other — linear and additive — aggregation methods. However, a comparative examination of the data across the clusters showed significant differences between the results of the two samples, ascertaining limitations for the generalisability of the results.
Valuation methods for the housing market: Evidence from Budapest
Authors: Kutasi Dávid , Badics Milán Csaba
Published: September 2016

Different valuation methods and determinants of housing prices in Budapest, Hungary are examined in this paper in order to describe price drivers by using an asking price dataset. The hedonic regression analysis and the valuation method of the artificial neural network are utilised and compared using both technical and spatial variables. In our analyses, we conclude that according to our sample from the Budapest real estate market, the Multi-Layer Preceptron (MLP) neural network is a better alternative for market price prediction than hedonic regression in all observed cases. To our knowledge, the estimation of housing price drivers based on a large-scale sample has never been explored before in Budapest or any other city in Hungary in detail; moreover, it is one of the first papers in this topic in the CEE region. The results of this paper lead to promising directions for the development of Hungarian real estate price statistics.
Comparison of five commercial nucleic acid extraction kits for the PCR-based detection of Burkholderia pseudomallei DNA in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues
Authors: Obersteller Sonja , Neubauer Heinrich , Hagen Ralf Matthias , Frickmann Hagen
Published: September 2016

The extraction and further processing of nucleic acids (NA) from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues for microbiological diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approaches is challenging. Here, we assessed the effects of five different commercially available nucleic acid extraction kits on the results of real-time PCR.

FFPE samples from organs of Burkholderia pseudomallei-infected Swiss mice were subjected to processing with five different extraction kits from QIAGEN (FFPE DNA Tissue Kit, EZ1 DNA Tissue Kit, DNA Mini Kit, DNA Blood Mini Kit, and FlexiGene DNA Kit) in combination with three different real-time PCRs targeting B. pseudomallei-specific sequences of varying length after 16 years of storage.

The EZ1 DNA Tissue Kit and the DNA Mini Kit scored best regarding the numbers of successful PCR reactions. In case of positive PCR, differences regarding the cycle-threshold (Ct) values were marginal.

The impact of the applied extraction kits on the reliability of PCR from FFPE material seems to be low. Interfering factors like the quality of the dewaxing procedure or the sample age appear more important than the selection of specialized FFPE kits.
EMBRYONIC AND LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF A RED STRAIN OF THE EGYPTIAN AFRICAN CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822)
Authors: Iswanto Bambang , Imron Imron , Suprapto Rommy , Marnis Huria
Published: September 2016

Egyptian African catfish is one of several African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) strains introduced to Indonesia. Several breeding activities using that strain in Sukamandi resulted in some individuals with redish-yellow body colour (a red strain). Biological informations related to aquacultural aspects of that red strain were still scarce. The present study aimed to elucidate the embryonic and larval developments of the red strain compared to those of the black (normal coloured) one, using the progenies obtained from artificial spawning of each red and black coloured brooders. Results of the present study revealed that embryonic developments of the red and black strains were similar. Their larval development were also quite similar, however, both larvae could be distinguished based on the pigmentation. The red strain larvae were golden-red-yellowish in colour, while the black strain larvae were greyish covered with dense melanophores. Total length of the red strain larvae tended to be lower than those of the black strain.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PROBIOTIC BACTERIA ON SURVIVAL RATE, GROWTH, AND PRODUCTION OF WHITELEG SHRIMP IN TRADITIONAL-PLUS TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Atmomarsono Muharijadi , Susianingsih Endang
Published: September 2016

Instead of culturing tiger shrimp that is frequently burdened by mass mortality, whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is then considered as an alternative commodity in Indonesian brackishwater ponds. To prevent the whiteleg shrimp from diseases, different probiotic bacteria were tested in completely randomized design experiment using nine 250 m2 experimental ponds stocked with 10 PLs of whiteleg shrimp fry/m2. Three treatments were applied, namely A) alternate use of probiotic bacteria RICA-1, RICA-2, RICA-3; B) alternate use of probiotic bacteria RICA-4, RICA-5, RICA-3, and C) control (without probiotic bacteria); each with three replications. After 11-week application, the results showed that the best survival rate of whiteleg shrimp was achieved by treatment B 98.83%) and the best production was achieved by treatment A (23.52 kg/250 m2). However, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) among the three treatments tested for the shrimp survival rate. The whiteleg shrimp production in treatment A and B were signicantly better (P<0.05) than that in treatment C (control). These high shrimp production in treatment A and B were mainly caused by the capability of the applied probiotics in controlling some water quality variables and Vibrio numbers.
IMPROVED PRODUCTION OF TIGER SHRIMP (Penaeus monodon) THROUGH PROBIOTICS APPLICATION
Authors: Insan Irsyaphiani , Kontara Endhay Kusnendar , Dewi Raden Roro Sri Pudji Sinarni
Published: September 2016

The study was carried out in Brebes District, the North coast of Java. Tiger shrimp farming in Indonesia, particularly in this area faced some problems which caused by improper pond preparation, disease, and low seed quality. Probiotic was applied in pond to solve this problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the production of tiger shrimp in ponds with probiotic applications. Six experimental ponds (each measuring 0.5 ha) were selected of which three were probiotic ponds and three were controlled. Tiger shrimp postlarvae (PL-30) were stocked at density of four shrimps/m2. Tiger shrimps were reared for three months. Shrimps were fed by commercial pellet. In the first month, shrimp were fed about 7%-5% of the total biomass; in the second months, 3.5%-3% of the total biomass; and in the third month, 2.5%-2% of the total biomass. The treatments in this study were the application of probiotics with concentration of 3 mg/L that were given every five days and control (without probiotics). The results showed the rearing period was 92 ± 6 days in probiotic ponds and 76 ± 16 days in controlled pond. The shrimp in controlled pond should be harvest earlier caused by the high mortality. The average final weight was 16.2 ± 0.7 g in probiotic pond and 15.6 ± 1.9 g in controlled pond. The survival rate was 64.13 ± 12.63% in probiotic pond and 44.17 ± 14.15% in controlled pond. Production was 208 ± 46 kg/pond/cycle in probiotic pond and 123 ± 6 kg/pond/cycle in controlled pond. The result showed that probiotic plays an important role in maintaining water quality parameters and health management as well as increases the survival of shrimp.
IMMUNOGENICITY ASSESSMENT FOR DETERMINATION OF THE MOST POTENTIAL ISOLATES OF KOIHERPES VIRUS
Authors: Gardenia Lila , Koesharyani Isti , Mufidah Tatik
Published: September 2016

Common carp and koi (Cyprinus carpio) are the main consumption fish commodity and ornamental fish in Indonesia. Diseases due to koiherpes virus (KHV) infection had caused a huge loss in both common carp and koi culture industries world-wide. This study was generated to select the most potential candidate from out of three koiherpes virus isolates based on their serological performances for vaccine development to control Koiherpes virus disease in koi. Virus collection, isolation, and propagation in cell culture have been conducted from common and koi samples originated from Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan; Takalar, South Sulawesi; Cirata Lake-Cianjur, West Java; Depok, West Java; Ciseeng, Bogor, West Java; and Purwokerto, Central Java. Determination of the causative agent of the disease was done by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) assay and inoculation of filtrate homogenates from infected fish into cell culture. There are three koiherpes virus isolates (BJMN-1, BJMN-2, and SKBM) which are being successfully isolated, cultured and propagated in Koi Fin (KF-1) cell line. Calculation of tissue culture infection dose from each isolates were 104.55 TCID50/mL, 104.72 TCID50/mL, and 103.28 TCID50/mL. Immunoassay of the three isolates was conducted by Indirect-ELISA method. Polyclonal antibody was made by injecting each isolate to the experiment animals (rat/Rattus norwegicus strain Sprague Dawley). It was shown that all of three isolates have high level of immunogenicity, as seen from the absorbance values at 490 nm wavelength. BJMN-1 isolates have a higher potential for it’s ability to cross-react with the other isolates and provided the highest absorbance values. In future, all isolates can be used as KHV vaccine candidates to prevent KHV infection.
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE AFRICAN CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus BURCHELL, 1822) STRAINS INTRODUCED TO INDONESIA
Authors: Iswanto Bambang , Imron Imron , Suprapto Rommy , Marnis Huria
Published: September 2016

African catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822) has become a great important species in Indonesian aquaculture. Several strains of the African catfish have been introduced to Indonesia for aquaculture purposes, initiated by Dumbo strain from Taiwan in 1985, followed by Paiton strain from Thailand in 1998, then Egypt strain from Egypt in 2007, Masamo strain from Thailand in 2010 and later Kenya strain from Kenya in 2011. Since its introductions, there were no reports yet on their characterization studies. The present study was conducted to morphologically characterize the strains of African catfish introduced to Indonesia, i.e. Dumbo, Paiton, Egypt, Masamo, and Kenya strains. Morphometric and meristic data obtained were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis. Results of the morphometric characterization in the present study revealed that Dumbo, Paiton, Masamo, and Kenya strains were indistinguishable, while morphometric characteristic of Egypt strain was more or less different from those of the other strains. On the other hand, results of the meristic characterization suggested that meristic characteristics of all strains of the introduced African catfish were not different from each other. Therefore, to keep the genetic purity of those introduced strains, they should be properly maintained in isolated places.
KAPASITAS ADAPTIF MASYARAKAT PESISIR MENGHADAPI PERUBAHAN IKLIM : KASUS PULAU GANGGA, MINAHASA UTARA
Authors: Wahyono Ary , Imron Masyhuri , Nadzir Ibnu
Published: September 2016

Masyarakat pesisir merupakan salah satu kelompok masyarakat yang paling rentan menghadapiperubahan iklim. Perubahan kecil pada lingkungan mereka dapat memberikan dampak langsung padakehidupan masyarakat pesisir khususnya pada sistem mata pencaharian. Nelayan misalnya, akankesulitan untuk melaut dalam situasi cuaca yang tidak menentu. Situasi semacam ini juga dialamioleh berbagai mata pencaharian lain di wilayah pesisir, seperti penambak garam maupun ikan. Lebihlanjut, perubahan ekologis ini dapat berpengaruh pada kapasitas adaptif masyarakat pesisir. Tulisanini mengangkat isu perubahan iklim yang terjadi pada masyarakat pesisir di Pulau Gangga. Informasidari tulisan ini diperoleh dari wawancara dan FGD yang dijelaskan dengan kerangka konsep kapasitasadaptif. Tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa fenomena perubahan iklim telah secara nyata dirasakan diPulau Gangga. Meskipun demikian, gejala ini belum dianggap sebagai masalah yang signifikan olehwarga. Hal tersebut dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan warga yang terbatas mengenai gejala perubahaniklim. Temuan lainnya menunjukkan bahwa kapasitas adaptif tidak hanya ditentukan oleh lingkungan.Struktur sosial baik dalam relasi patron-klien maupun kelembagaan di tingkat desa amat berpengaruhpada kapasitas adaptif masyarakat Pulau Gangga.Title: The Adaptive Capacity of Coastal Communites Face Climate Change:Gangga Island Case, South of MinahasaCoastal communities are one of the most vulnerable groups to climate change. Littleenvironmental change contributes to direct impact on the lives of coastal communities specifically onlivelihood systems. Fishermen, for example, will find it hard to go to sea in a situation of erratic weather.Such a situation also faced by many other livelihoods in coastal areas, such as salt and fish farmer.Furthermore, these ecological changes may affect the adaptive capacity of coastal communities. Thispaper raised the issue of climate change on coastal communities on the island of Gangga Island.Toexplain the problem this paper uses interview and focus group data that is described through adaptivecapacity framework. This paper shows that the phenomenon of climate change has been affectingcoastal communities in Gangga Island. Nevertheless, this phenomenon has not been regarded as asignificant problem by the citizens. It is influenced by the limited knowledge of the citizens about thesymptoms of climate change. Other findings indicate that adaptive capacity is not only determined bythe environment. Social structure in both the patron-client and institutional at the village level is veryinfluential on the adaptive capacity of society Gangga Island
HUBUNGAN SUBSTRAT DASAR PERAIRAN DENGAN KEHADIRAN RUMPUT LAUT ALAM DI PERAIRAN UJUNG GENTENG, SUKABUMI, JAWA BARAT
Authors: Johan Ofri , Erlania Erlania , Radiarta I Nyoman
Published: September 2016

Keberadaan jenis-jenis rumput laut alam sangat terkait dengan kondisi habitat tempat tumbuhnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan distribusi jenis rumput laut alam dengan tipe substrat dasar perairan. Pengumpulan data lapangan telah dilakukan pada 146 titik pengamatan, menggunakan transek kuadrat berukuran 1 m x 1 m, yang disebar vertikal mulai dari garis pantai hingga ke arah tubir dengan jarak antar titik sekitar 50 m. Lokasi pengamatan dikelompokkan menjadi tiga kawasan berdasarkan jarakdari garis pantai dengan perbedaan karakteristik antar masing-masing kawasan tersebut, yaitu kawasan 1, 2, dan 3 dengan jarak 0-100 m, 100-300 m, dan > 300 m dari garis pantai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 24 genus dari 34 spesies rumput laut yang termasuk dalam kelompok alga coklat, merah, dan hijau ditemukan pada ketiga kawasan dengan persentase total tutupan masing-masing 25,88%; 27,72%; dan 46,40%. Tutupan rumput laut tertinggi ditemukan pada kawasan 1, yang dicirikan oleh substrat pasir yang berasosiasi dengan lamun, dan diikuti oleh kawasan 2 dan 3. Hasil analisis diskriminan menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan antara distribusi alga merah dengan tipe substrat pasir; alga coklat dengan tipe substrat batu karang, pecahan karang, dan karang hidup; sedangkan alga hijau tersebar hampir di seluruh kawasan dengan tipe substrat yang berbeda. Informasi keterkaitan substrat dan keberadaan jenis rumput laut sangat penting dalam mendukung pengembangan teknologi budidaya rumput laut.
Diferimento de pastos de Brachiaria decumbens adubados com nitrogênio no início e no final do período das águas
Authors: Teixeira Fábio Andrade , Bonomo Paulo , Pires Aureliano José Vieira , Silva Fabiano Ferreira , Rosa Raul Castro Carriello , Nascimento Paulo Valter Nunes
Published: September 2016

O objetivo com este trabalho foi avaliar a massa de matéria seca forragem e de seus componentes morfológicos, a altura e o índice de tombamento do pasto, a densidade volumétrica e o valor nutritivo da forragem em pastos de Brachiaria decumbens diferidos por 95 dias sob quatro estratégias de adubação nitrogenada. Foram estudadas quatro estratégias de aplicação de nitrogênio no início e no final do período chuvoso, respectivamente (0-0, 100-0, 50-50, 0-100 kg de N.ha-1), avaliados em três estratos verticais a cada 20 cm, num delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas com quatro repetições. Os pastos adubados com 100 kg de N no final do período chuvoso apresentaram maiores massas de matéria seca de forragem total, lâmina de folha e de colmo verde, bem como altura, altura estendida e densidade volumétrica da forragem total, lâmina de folha e de colmo verde em todos os estratos estudados. Os índices de tombamento foram maiores para os pastos adubados no final do período chuvoso (0-100 e 50-50). Os percentuais de fibra em detergente neutro foram menores no estrato A (acima de 40 cm do solo) e os teores proteína bruta (PB) maiores em todos os estratos para os tratamentos 0-100 e 50-50. Embora a adubação com 100 kg de N no final do período chuvoso permita aumentar a massa de forragem total e de lâminas de folhas e melhorar a qualidade desta forragem, a maior densidade de colmos nos estratos superiores e o elevado índice de tombamento podem caracterizar dificuldades na seleção da forragem e redução no consumo e desempenho animal.
Broad Detection of Alterations Predicted to Confer Lack of Benefit From EGFR Antibodies or Sensitivity to Targeted Therapy in Advanced Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Rankin Andrew , Klempner Samuel J. , Erlich Rachel , Sun James X. , Grothey Axel , Fakih Marwan , George Thomas J. , Lee Jeeyun , Ross Jeffrey S. , Stephens Philip J. , Miller Vincent A. , Ali Siraj M. , Schrock Alexa B.
Published: September 2016

Introduction.

A KRAS mutation represented the first genomic biomarker to predict lack of benefit from anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody therapy in advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). Expanded RAS testing has further refined the treatment approach, but understanding of genomic alterations underlying primary and acquired resistance is limited and further study is needed.

Materials and Methods.

We prospectively analyzed 4,422 clinical samples from patients with advanced CRC, using hybrid-capture based comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) at the request of the individual treating physicians. Comparison with prior molecular testing results, when available, was performed to assess concordance.

Results.

We identified a RAS/RAF pathway mutation or amplification in 62% of cases, including samples harboring KRAS mutations outside of the codon 12/13 hotspot region in 6.4% of cases. Among cases with KRAS non-codon 12/13 alterations for which prior test results were available, 79 of 90 (88%) were not identified by focused testing. Of 1,644 RAS/RAF wild-type cases analyzed by CGP, 31% harbored a genomic alteration (GA) associated with resistance to anti-EGFR therapy in advanced CRC including mutations in PIK3CA, PTEN, EGFR, and ERBB2. We also identified other targetable GA, including novel kinase fusions, receptor tyrosine kinase amplification, activating point mutations, as well as microsatellite instability.

Conclusion.

Extended genomic profiling reliably detects alterations associated with lack of benefit to anti-EGFR therapy in advanced CRC, while simultaneously identifying alterations potentially important in guiding treatment. The use of CGP during the course of clinical care allows for the refined selection of appropriate targeted therapies and clinical trials, increasing the chance of clinical benefit and avoiding therapeutic futility.
Paris: Beyond the Climate Dead End through Pledge and Review?
Authors: Keohane Robert O. , Oppenheimer Michael
Published: September 2016

The Paris Climate Agreement of December 2015 marks a decisive break from the unsuccessful Kyoto regime. Instead of targets and timetables, it established a Pledge and Review system, under which states will offer Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) to reducing emissions that cause climate change. But this successful negotiation outcome was achieved at the price of vagueness of obligations and substantial discretion for governments. Many governments will be tempted to use the vagueness of the Paris Agreement, and the discretion that it permits, to limit the scope or intensity of their proposed actions. Whether Pledge and Review under the Paris Agreement will lead to effective action against climate change will therefore depend on the inclination both of OECD countries and newly industrializing countries to take costly actions, which for the OECD countries will include financial transfers to their poorer partners. Domestic politics will be crucial in determining the attitudes of both sets of countries to pay such costs. The actual impact of the Paris Agreement will depend on whether it can be used by domestic groups favoring climate action as a point of leverage in domestic politics—that is, in a “two-level game” simultaneously involving both international and domestic politics.
The Paris Agreement: Short-Term and Long-Term Effectiveness
Authors: Bang Guri , Hovi Jon , Skodvin Tora
Published: September 2016

The 2015 Paris Agreement was widely greeted with enthusiasm. We assess the short-term and long-term potential effectiveness of Paris. Concerning short-term effectiveness, we contend that while Paris scores high on participation, and reasonably high on the depth of the parties’ commitments (ambition), its Achilles’ heel will likely be compliance. Concerning long-term effectiveness, we argue that Paris does little to restructure states’ incentives so as to avoid free riding. At worst, it might end up as a failure, much like Kyoto did. On the other hand, domestic and international norms could continue to develop in a direction that makes it more and more difficult for individuals, firms, and states alike to ignore the plea to limit and reduce their carbon footprints. Technological progress that gradually reduces abatement costs, combined with leadership by major emitters such as the United States, might further strengthen climate cooperation and enhance other countries’ willingness to follow through. However, deep political polarization continues to represent a significant barrier to U.S. leadership on climate change.
Unilateral or Reciprocal Climate Policy? Experimental Evidence from China
Authors: Bernauer Thomas , Dong Liang , McGrath Liam F. , Shaymerdenova Irina , Zhang Haibin
Published: September 2016

The traditional political economy account of global climate change governance directs our attention to fundamental collective action problems associated with global public goods provision, resulting from positive or negative externalities as well as freeriding. The governance architecture of the 1997 Kyoto Protocol uses the traditional approaches of international diplomacy for addressing such challenges: legally binding commitments based on principles of reciprocity and (fair) cost/burden sharing via formalized carbon-budgeting. Yet, the 2015 Paris Agreement has essentially abandoned this approach, as it now operates on the basis of internationally coordinated and monitored unilateralism. On the presumption that public opinion matters for government policy, we examine how citizens view this shift in climate policy from reciprocity to unilateralism, after many years of exposure to strong reciprocity rhetoric by governments and stakeholders. To that end, we fielded a survey experiment in China, the world’s largest greenhouse gas (GHG) emitter. The results show that there is, perhaps surprisingly, strong and robust public support for unilateral, non-reciprocal climate policy. To the extent China is interested in pushing ahead with ambitious and thus costly GHG reduction policies, our results suggest that China can leverage segments of public support in order to overcome domestic obstacles to GHG mitigation policies.
Pesquisa Exploratória para Melhor Atendimento de um Laboratório de Análises Clínicas
Authors: OLIVEIRA Ana Paula da Silva , SILVA Ana Paula de Souza , JACINTHO Bruna Cardoso , KURIHARA Gabrielle Fernandes , SILVA Juliana Cuba da , SACCOMANI Raquel , GROPPO Juliano Varandas
Published: September 2016

Nos dias atuais os consumidores que buscam os serviços prestados por um laboratório de análises clinicas tornam-se cada dia mais exigentes, estando consciente dessas mudanças e do fato que a disputa pelos clientes está cada dia mais competitiva, os administradores de laboratórios necessitam estar em busca constante por melhorias no atendimento ao cliente, sempre procurando fidelizar e conquistar a confiança dos consumidores. Por meio de um estudo exploratório realizado com o público alvo deste setor do comércio foi avaliado o grau de importância de alguns momentos da verdade e qual o ponto de vista dos clientes, variando entre muito relevante ou pouco relevante na escolha do laboratório, direcionando assim as empresas que desejam investir recursos financeiros em melhorias na qualidade do ambiente ou do serviço prestado de acordo com o grau de importância para seus clientes, buscando sempre a satisfação e o seu retorno certo.
Modelo de Implantação de um Sistema de Informação: plano de contas empresarial
Authors: ALVES Amanda Gercy Maria , CARDOSO Ana Christina da Veiga , SANTOS Bárbara dos , SOARES Daniela Bozi , MARCATTO Giovana Cristina , NASCIMENTO Jeferson Anghinoni , NUNCIARONI Mauricio Barros , DALONSO Raquel Moraes , BUENO Wagner Donizeti , GROPPO Juliano Varandas
Published: September 2016

O presente trabalho de implantação de um sistema de informação é um projeto unindo duas turmas de cursos diferentes, do Centro Universitário Amparense - UNIFIA. Toda empresa necessita tanto de analista de sistemas (TI), quanto contadores e administradores, e sabemos que essa interação no âmbito empresarial é muito atribulada, pois existem diversos complicadores. Esse projeto pivô tem como objetivo, preparar os alunos dos cursos para o mercado de trabalho, mostrando todos os desafios e obstáculos a serem encontrados durante a implantação de um sistema de informações, e também, durante o seu dia a dia na empresa onde a interação com um profissional de outra área é de extrema importância.
Contamination by fecal coliforms in cheese ready for consumption
Authors: MATSUMOTO Anna Yuri , FERRAZ Renato Ribeiro Nogueira , LAINO Maira , BARNABÉ Anderson Sena , FORNARI João Victor , MALAGUTI William , RODRIGUES Francisco Sandro Menezes
Published: September 2016

Introdução: Os alimentos são facilmente contaminados por microrganismos, e esta contaminação pode estar presente na natureza, na sua manipulação e no seu processamento. A presença e o número de microrganismos patogênicos acima dos padrões estabelecidos podem diminuir a qualidade e a durabilidade do produto, além de apresentar sérios riscos à saúde do consumidor, tornando-se assim um problema de saúde pública. Objetivo: Identificar a presença de coliformes fecais em queijos prontos para o consumo. Método: Este estudo tomou por base análises já realizadas por um laboratório de análises microbiológicas da cidade de São Paulo - SP, que avaliava frequentemente amostras de queijo de diferentes tipos e marcas de diversos supermercados distribuídos pela cidade. Resultados: Das 98 amostras de queijos de diversos tipos e marcas avaliados, 26 amostras (27% do total) apresentaram coliformes fecais acima do limite permitido pela RDC12. Conclusão: Sugere-se uma fiscalização efetiva e permanente da produção, conservação e comercialização dos queijos, além de disponibilização de programas de treinamento sobre as Boas Práticas de Fabricação, além das higiênicas-sanitárias para colaboradores das indústrias que se dispõem a fabricar queijos com o propósito de ao menos reduzir os índices de contaminação.
Análise do Serviço Social no Âmbito Hospitalar na UTI – Unidade de Terapia Intensiva
Authors: ROCHA R. B.
Published: September 2016

O serviço social é uma profissão de caráter humanista e social, que visa garantir a integridade moral dos usuários dos serviços, a profissão reconhece os indivíduos como um sujeito de direitos e de deveres. A Lei nº: 8.662/93, que regulamenta a profissão. O profissional graduado devidamente registrado do conselho de classe CRESS de sua região pode exercer sua profissão em diversas áreas, tais como: o campo sócio-jurídico, assistência social, educação, saúde e o ambiente hospitalar. Neste artigo visamos analisar o serviço social especificamente no âmbito hospitalar na UTI- Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, sendo essa temática pertinente no campo do serviço social como um todo.
A Educação Ambiental como Fator de Conscientização para Redução do Desperdício de Alimentos em um Restaurante Universitário
Authors: BOZZINI Aloisio Calsoni , MARTINI Claudinei José , AVANZO Cleber , PEDERSEN Fernando Augusto , SILVA Marcos dos Santos , HOPFENGARTNER Silvio Henrique , PRETA Thaísa Soares Cata , FIGUEIREDO Rodolfo Antonio de
Published: September 2016

Este projeto trabalhou com o desperdício e o descarte de resíduos sólidos gerados pelo Restaurante Universitário (RU) de uma universidade pública federal. Foram levantados dados sobre os resíduos gerados no preparo dos alimentos pelos funcionários do RU e do destino desses resíduos. Foi abordada na discussão teórica a influência do ser humano no seu habitat, o que a Educação Ambiental deve promover e, a necessidade de conservar e proteger os recursos naturais. Também foi tratada a importância de uma educação libertadora, emancipatória e democrática, na qual, o diálogo e a problematização foram as ferramentas utilizadas no trabalho junto aos frequentadores do RU. Dados e conceitos científicos sobre os problemas causados pelo lixo foram apresentados e discutidos, gerando assim uma análise do comportamento das pessoas e as consequências geradas no equilíbrio ecológico e na sadia qualidade de vida. Foi também sugerida algumas ações que possam ser implementadas a fim de evitar o desperdício de alimentos ou mesmo, minimizá-los