bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How executive incentive design affects risk-taking: a literature review
Authors: Kreilkamp Niklas , Matanovic Sascha , Schmidt Maximilian , Wöhrmann Arnt
Published: September 2022

This paper presents a review of research regarding the effects of monetary executive incentives on risk-taking. More precisely, we investigate executives’ risk-taking (i) in response to the curvature (steepness, convexity, concavity) of the compensation function and (ii) with regard to reference points. Thereby, we refine and update common textbook knowledge. In this vein, we identify essential moderators at the personal, firm, or environmental level that can be used to assess the effectiveness of the incentive scheme in a specific context. Implications for incentive system design in practice and paths for future research are discussed.
The Clinical Importance of Differentiating Monogenic Familial Hypercholesterolemia from Polygenic Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Tandirerung Fistra Janrio
Published: September 2022

Purpose of Review

The current review discusses the importance and significance of differentiating monogenic familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) from polygenic hypercholesterolemia for clinical purpose.

Recent Findings

Consistent scientific evidence have demonstrated that, compared to polygenic hypercholesterolemia, monogenic FH patients are at significantly higher risk for premature coronary heart disease (CHD). This is despite both disease entities having a comparable low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) level. Monogenic FH also has poorer therapeutic response compared to its polygenic counterpart. However, there are no current available clinical management guidelines that stratify hypercholesterolemia patients based on genotype.

Monogenic FH patients are at higher risk for CHD with poorer therapeutic response. Thus, genotype testing should be performed when available. There is also an urgency to develop genotype-based clinical guideline that stratify patients on genotype and not only based on traditionally known cardiovascular risk factors.
Can the internet mitigate the negative effect of widowhood on Quality of Life? A gender analysis
Authors: Silva Patrícia , Gonçalves Raquel , Magalhães Ricardina , Delerue Matos Alice
Published: September 2022

Widowhood often reduces the Quality of Life of individuals of advanced ages by negatively affecting their social network ties. Yet conversely, the Internet has also created new opportunities for communication and interaction, thus contributing to improved Quality of Life. This research analyses the role of the Internet in the relationship between widowhood and Quality of Life from a gender perspective.

This study focuses on 31,814 individuals aged 65 or over residing in 17 European countries who participated in Wave 6 of SHARE – the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe.

The linear regression analyses highlighted that the role of the Internet in the relationship between widowhood and Quality of Life varies according to gender. More specifically, in Europe, the Quality of Life for widowed women aged 65+ using the Internet is .414 higher (CI=.006 to .0822) than widows who do not use the Internet and married women or women in a de facto relationship whether or not they use the Internet. The results have relevant implications for the development of social policies and suggest a need to develop digital inclusion projects targeting older people, particularly widows, to help promote their Quality of Life.
Backbone and side-chain resonance assignments of the NISTmAb-scFv and antigen-binding study
Authors: Ghasriani Houman , Ahmadi Sara , Hodgson Derek J. , Aubin Yves
Published: September 2022

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) therapeutics are the largest and fastest growing class of biologic drugs, amongst which, the vast majority are immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1). Their antigen binding abilities are used for the treatment of immunologic diseases, cancer therapy, reversal of drug effects, and targeting viruses and bacteria. The high importance of therapeutic mAbs and their derivatives has called for the generation of well-characterized standards for method development and calibration. One such standard, the NISTmAb RM 8621 based on the antibody motavizumab, has been developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technologies (NIST) in the US. Here, we present the resonance assignment of the single chain variable fragment, NISTmAb-scFv, that was engineered by linking the variable domains of the heavy and light chains of the NISTmAb. Also, addition of a peptide, corresponding to the target antigen of motavizumab, to samples of NISTmAb-scFv has induced chemical shift perturbations on residues lining the antigen binding interface thereby indicating proper folding of the NISTmAb-scFv.
Mogamulizumab for post-transplant relapse of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma: a case study
Authors: Hirosawa Makoto , Goto Midori , Oku Masahiko , Akao Kenichi , Kitamura Noriaki , Nakanishi Tsukasa , Tanaka Aya , Niino Daisuke , Higashi Takehiro , Morimoto Hiroaki , Tsukada Junichi
Published: September 2022

Mogamulizumab (MOG), a humanized monoclonal anti-CCR4 antibody, exerts strong antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxic effects on CCR4-positive adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) cells. As CCR4 is highly expressed on regulatory T cells as well as ATLL cells, pre-transplant MOG induces severe graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). However, limited data are available on post-transplant use of MOG for relapsed ATLL. Here we describe the case of a patient with ATLL who experienced post-transplant relapse with involvement of peripheral blood, skin, lungs, and lymph nodes. Neither tacrolimus dose reduction nor cytotoxic chemotherapy was effective, but a single dose of MOG (1 mg/kg) induced complete remission. After treatment with MOG, leukemic cells in the peripheral blood rapidly disappeared, and the skin, lymph node, and lung lesions gradually regressed. Most notably, the long-term remission was accompanied by recurrence of moderate acute GvHD (grade II, skin stage 2, gut stage 1, liver stage 0). Our findings indicate that MOG can augment allogeneic immune-mediated anti-tumor reactions through graft-versus-ATLL (GvATLL) even during post-transplant relapse involving the lymph nodes and lungs, along with inducing GvHD.
Thermocapillary-enhanced Melting of Different Phase-change Materials in Microgravity
Authors: García-Acosta Nathaly , Salgado Sánchez Pablo , Jiménez Jaime , Martínez Úrsula , Ezquerro Jose Miguel
Published: September 2022

A numerical analysis of the thermocapillary-driven melting of phase change materials (PCMs) in weightlessness is presented. The phase change is explored for different PCMs with moderate melting temperatures, due to their potential for thermal control in space applications. We consider three different alkanes — n-octadecane, n-nonadecane, and n-eicosane — and gallium. Results are discussed in terms of the dimensionless Stefan (Ste) and Marangoni (Ma) numbers, which quantify the importance of the latent heat and the thermocapillary effect during the phase change process, respectively, and the container aspect ratio $$\Gamma$$
Γ
. For alkanes, similar results are obtained with melting rate enhancements that depend on $$\Gamma$$
Γ
. In short (deep) containers, the thermocapillary effect accelerates melting — with respect to the conduction-driven case — by a factor of as much as 4 depending on Ma, while in large (shallow) containers, this enhancement factor can take values up to 20. The best performance is featured by n-eicosane, followed closely by n-octadecane. For gallium, results differ substantially due to its high thermal diffusivity, leading to a significant reduction of the enhancement up to a value of approximately 1.2 at large Ma and $$\Gamma$$
Γ
.
Visuomotor Adaptation Deficits in Patients with Essential Tremor
Authors: Bindel Laura , Mühlberg Christoph , Pfeiffer Victoria , Nitschke Matthias , Müller Annekatrin , Wegscheider Mirko , Rumpf Jost-Julian , Zeuner Kirsten E. , Becktepe Jos S. , Welzel Julius , Güthe Miriam , Classen Joseph , Tzvi Elinor
Published: September 2022

Essential tremor (ET) is a progressive movement disorder whose pathophysiology is not fully understood. Current evidence supports the view that the cerebellum is critically involved in the genesis of the tremor in ET. However, it is still unknown whether cerebellar dysfunction affects not only the control of current movements but also the prediction of future movements through dynamic adaptation toward a changed environment. Here, we tested the capacity of 28 patients with ET to adapt in a visuomotor adaptation task known to depend on intact cerebellar function. We found specific impairments in that task compared to age-matched healthy controls. Adaptation to the visual perturbation was disrupted in ET patients, while de-adaptation, the phase after abrupt removal of the perturbation, developed similarly to control subjects. Baseline tremor-independent motor performance was as well similar to healthy controls, indicating that adaptation deficits in ET patients were not rooted in an inability to perform goal-directed movements. There was no association between clinical severity scores of ET and early visuomotor adaptation abilities. These results provide further evidence that the cerebellum is dysfunctional in ET.
Petrogenesis of ilmenite-bearing mafic intrusions: A case study of Abu Ghalaga area, South Eastern Desert, Egypt
Authors: Saleh Gehad M. , Khaleal Farrage M. , Lasheen El Saeed R.
Published: September 2022

Neoproterozoic Abu Ghalaga ilmenite-bearing mafic rocks were subjected to geological, petrographical and geochemical studies integrated with mineral chemistry of ilmenite, pyrite and magnetite in order to deduce their petrogenesis. Abu Ghalaga mafic intrusions hosting the largest ilmenite reserve in the Egyptian part of the Arabian-Nubian Shield. Field observations revealed that the intrusions impound ilmenite ore, which occurs as interlayer of massive bands or disseminated within gabbroic rocks. Petrographically, Abu Ghalaga mafic intrusions include different kinds of gabbro; olivine pyroxene gabbro, pyroxene gabbro, pyroxene hornblende gabbro, altered gabbro and Fe-Ti-rich gabbro. They have calc-alkaline to tholeiitic magmas, which are depleted in high field strength elements (e.g., Ta, Nb and Th) relative to low field strength elements (e.g., Ba, Sr and Rb), and exhibit light rare earth elements enrichment relative to heavy rare earth elements with positive Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu*= 0.8-2.4). Variable mineralogical and wide variation of bulk rock geochemistry are ascribed to fractional crystallization and hydrothermal overprinting. Abu Ghalaga gabbroic rocks are derived from fractional crystallization of depleted mantle magmas that were modified by ascending fluids from subducted slab in volcanic arc setting. Fe-Ti oxides required high oxygen fugacity (ƒO2) and water contents by crystal settling of Ti-rich mantle which is applicable with subduction setting. It can be inferred that Abu Ghalaga mafic rocks are neither related to ophiolite nor to Alaskan type but to one of the layered intrusions hosting Fe-Ti oxides.
Ceratobasidium orchid mycorrhizal fungi reveal intraspecific variation and interaction with different nutrient media in symbiotic germination of Prasophyllum (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Freestone Marc , Linde Celeste , Swarts Nigel , Reiter Noushka
Published: September 2022

Understanding how nutrient requirements of orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) affect symbiotic germination is essential for the ex situ conservation of threatened orchids and their mycorrhizal symbioses. Yet the influence of isolate-level variation in OMF nutrient preferences on orchid germination is unknown. We tested germination ofPrasophyllum frenchii(Orchidaceae) on 15 different media of varying carbon and macronutrient compositions with threeCeratobasidiumisolates of the same operational taxonomic unit (OTU) as determined with internal transcribed spacer locus sequencing. There was a significant interaction between media and fungal isolate on percentage germination, with each isolate recording its highest percentage germination on different nutrient media (Isolate 9.3: 5.2 ± 1.4% on MOM–S; Isolate 8.2: 5.4 ± 1.1% on MOM + S; Isolate 4.3: 2.2 ± 0.5% on 1.25 g/L wheat bran agar). Across all isolates, germination (percentage germination > 0) occurred more frequently on wheat bran agar media (39.7% of plates) than on oatmeal agar media (6.0% of plates). There was also an effect of media type on aerial hyphal growth behaviour of the OMF isolate. All isolates supported growth through to adult flowering plants. We demonstrated that symbiotic germination ofPrasophyllumis affected by media composition. Further, percentage germination and aerial hyphal growth behaviour differed significantly among OMF isolates of the same OTU. This illustrates that a diversity of functionally significant fungal strains occurs within a single OTU, a previously unknown aspect of OMF research with important ecological and conservation implications.
A Mixed Model Representing Accurately the Inelastic Behavior of Multi-storey Buckling Restrained Braced Frames
Authors: Fathy Ebtsam
Published: September 2022

Seismic structural fuses such as buckling restrained braces (BRBs) are highly nonlinear members that need a detailed finite element model (FEM) to represent their actual behavior. On the other hand, making detailed model for the whole building from solid or shell elements to be consistent with the model of BRBs would require expensive computational time and large storage space especially when performing nonlinear time history analysis (NTHA). Therefore, a mixed FEM is developed in this research so that the solid elements are used for the core plate and the restraining system only. The non-yielding segments of the BRBs and the conjoined girders and columns are simulated using beam elements with nonlinear material properties while the effect of large deformations is taken during analysis and this was able to represent plastic hinge formation, plastic rotations and residual displacements in such members. A beam-solid transfer mechanism is developed to properly transfer forces between the non-yielding segments of BRB and the inner solid plate. The core plate is connected to the surrounding restraining system with contact elements to simulate the normal and frictional forces generated upon contact based on the penalty algorithm. This model was validated using the data and the results of an experimental work mentioned in the literature where very good agreement was achieved. Thereafter, a rehabilitation study for the SAC 9-storey building was performed. The results showed how the BRBs work as structural fuses during earthquakes and confirmed the ability of the model to represent inelastic behavior of multi-story BRBFs.
A Jentzsch-Theorem for Kapteyn, Neumann and General Dirichlet Series
Authors: Bornemann Folkmar
Published: September 2022

Comparing phase plots of truncated series solutions of Kepler’s equation by Lagrange’s power series with those by Bessel’s Kapteyn series strongly suggests that a Jentzsch-type theorem holds true not only for the former but also for the latter series: each point of the boundary of the domain of convergence in the complex plane is a cluster point of zeros of sections of the series. We prove this result by studying properties of the growth function of a sequence of entire functions. For series, this growth function is computable in terms of the convergence abscissa of an associated general Dirichlet series. The proof then extends, besides including Jentzsch’s classical result for power series, to general Dirichlet series, to Kapteyn, and to Neumann series of Bessel functions. Moreover, sections of Kapteyn and Neumann series generally exhibit zeros close to the real axis which can be explained, including their asymptotic linear density, by the theory of the distribution of zeros of entire functions.
Two decades of finite jet determination of CR mappings
Authors: Lamel Bernhard , Mir Nordine
Published: September 2022

This is a survey paper discussing the developments around the so-called finite jet determination problem for CR maps over the past twenty years.
User-Led Mental Health Service Evaluation: The Contribution of User-Focused Monitoring to Recovery-Oriented Quality Development
Authors: Näslund Hilda , Grim Katarina , Markström Urban
Published: September 2022

User-focused monitoring (UFM) is a method of user-led mental health service evaluation that focuses on strengthening user involvement and developing the quality of services. Despite an increased emphasis on user involvement and the recovery orientation of services, scientific knowledge remains limited regarding how such goals can be realised. In this study, our aim is to explore UFM with a specific focus on how recovery processes are examined through the method in order to discuss how UFM can be developed in order to support a recovery orientation in mental health service evaluation. We sampled 20 Swedish UFM reports for qualitative analysis, and we found that UFM is a promising method for integrating a personal recovery perspective in service evaluations. By being performed peer-to-peer, the method has the unique ability to gather experiential knowledge regarding the situation of service users. UFM especially contributes to exploring service users’ experiences related to social connectedness and user involvement in services. We also discuss how the method can be developed to further support a recovery orientation in UFM. This might be achieved by integrating a process-oriented approach in the evaluations and by including the user informants’ own goals and views on what constitutes meaningful support in UFM. Suggestions for future developments concern incorporating personal recovery perspectives in the training of user monitors and creating structures for aggregating the knowledge produced through UFM.
L-PBF for the production of metallic phononic crystal: design and functional characterization
Authors: Rosa Francesco , Cazzulani Gabriele , Quadrelli Davide Enrico , Casati Riccardo
Published: September 2022

Vibration abatement often requires the adoption of peculiar solutions and/or foundations. This paper presents an innovative solution to this problem, consisting in a phononic meta-material realized via Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) capable to prevent the propagation of vibrations within specific frequency ranges. The integration of this meta-material within existing supporting structures can, therefore, greatly reduce the needing of foundations capable to stop vibrations. After a description of the design procedure of the meta-material that shows how to satisfy the constraints imposed by L-PBF technology, the manufactured sample is described and analyzed to predict its band-gaps. Finally, the theoretical results are compared with experimental measurements. These results show a good agreement between expected and actual meta-material behavior.
An Overview of the Adaptive Behaviour Profile in Young Children with Angelman Syndrome: Insights from the Global Angelman Syndrome Registry
Authors: Roche Laura , Tones Megan , Cross Meagan , Bellgard Mathew , Heussler Helen
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Angelman syndrome (AS) is a rare genetic disorder that affects the expression of theUBE3Agene within the central nervous system that profoundly impacts neurodevelopment. Individuals with AS experience significant challenges across multiple adaptive behaviour domains including communication, motor skills, and the ability to independently perform daily functions such as feeding, and toileting. Furthermore, persons with AS can demonstrate specific behaviours that limit their ability to participate within their social environment that vary with age. The aim of this paper is to explore the adaptive behaviour profile through parent report from the Global Angelman Syndrome Registry.

Methods

Specific parent report data from the Global Angelman Syndrome Registry were analysed to explore the adaptive profile of 204 young children, under the age of 6 years old, with formal diagnoses of AS. Analysis of data focused on communication skills, gross and fine motor skills, daily self-care skills (feeding, toileting, and dressing), and behavioural characteristics. Several relationships were explored: (a) the age at which certain skills were first performed based on genotype; (b) abilities in motor and adaptive behaviours, according to age and genotype, and (c) the frequency at which children performed specific communication skills and the presence and frequency of challenging behaviours, across age and genotype.

Results

We visually present the ages at which frequent speech, walking, and independent dressing and toileting were first mastered by children. Additionally, we provide in-depth descriptives of expressive and receptive communication skills (including the use of alternative communication forms), fine and gross motor skills, eating, dressing, toileting, anxiety, aggression, and other behavioural characteristics.

Conclusions

This cross-sectional profile of adaptive skills in 204 young children with AS showcases that although many communication, motor and adaptive skills were determined by age, children with a non-deletion aetiology exhibited advantages in communication skills, which may have impacted upon subsequent adaptive skills. The use of parent report in the present study provides valuable insight into the adaptive behaviour profile of young children with AS.
Funktionelle Androgenisierung der Frau – Einteilung, Diagnostik und Therapieoptionen
Authors: Radner Gazal
Published: September 2022

In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die funktionelle Androgenisierung der Frau und ihre Einteilung dargestellt. Bei der funktionellen Androgenisierung handelt es sich um eine Gruppe komplexer endokriner Störungen, zu denen das polyzystische Ovarsyndrom (PCOS) und das „late onset“ adrenogenitale Syndrom (AGS) gehören. Man unterscheidet die funktionelle kutane Androgenisierung vom funktionell androgenisierenden Syndrom. Die Darstellung der verschiedenen Formen der funktionellen Androgenisierung kann Hilfestellung bei der Diagnostik und Therapie der heterogenen und komplexen Erkrankungsbilder leisten. Insbesondere in der Behandlung des PCOS kann hiermit gezielter auf die verschiedenen Symptombereiche eingegangen werden.
Using a Public Health Approach to Prevent Child Sexual Abuse by Targeting Those at Risk of Harming Children
Authors: Cant Rosemary L. , Harries Maria , Chamarette Christabel
Published: September 2022

The evidence is clear that child sexual abuse is a public health concern internationally. Prevention of child sexual abuse requires a variety of interventions including those that stop individuals from either sexually assaulting a child or viewing sexually abusive online images. In contrast, most current approaches internationally focus on criminal justice strategies aimed at preventing reoffending rather than stopping the first offence. Additionally, and albeit there is a general paucity of relevant scholarship, there are few signs of countries adopting coherent, unified and evidence-based strategies to prevent individuals at risk of harming a child becoming actual or repeat offenders. The focus of interventions to date is largely on prevention at the tertiary end. Understanding and adopting an integrated public health approach represents an opportunity to incorporate a range of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention interventions and develop comprehensive prevention strategies at local, national, or international levels. A comprehensive approach to prevention targeted at stopping offending in the first place is required, and it needs to be able to recognise the complex nature of offending and the diversity therein. Research shows that those who harm children are diverse in their age and gender, the children they sexually abuse—intra-familial/extra-familial, prepubescent/pubescent, peer/younger children, male or female—and the type of abuse—contact, non-contact, or online. Preventing child sexual abuse is complex and requires more than an ad hoc collection of unrelated programs, if it is to succeed. This paper synthesises and integrates the disparate scholarly literature on the potential and actual perpetrators of child sexual abuse and responses to and prevention of such abuse. It recommends an increased focus on primary prevention within a comprehensive public health approach as a conceptual framework to prevent the occurrence of child sexual abuse. A systems approach is taken to develop the proposed conceptual framework.
A Novel Plant Growth–Promoting Agent Mitigates Salt Toxicity in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) by Activating Photosynthetic, Antioxidant Defense, and Methylglyoxal Detoxification Machineries
Authors: Talaat Neveen B. , Mostafa Amr A. , El-Rahman Soheir N. Abd
Published: September 2022

Developing and applying a novel plant growth–promoting agent (PGPA; a micronutrient-amino acid chelated compound developed from autolysis yeast cells) in alleviating salt stress toxicity can be the best alternative option environmentally and economically. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that the assembled PGPA is rich in nucleobases than yeast extract (> 56-fold). This study, as a first investigation, was aimed to evaluate PGPA’s potential role in reducing oxidative injury induced by salt stress. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Giza 123) plants were grown under non-saline or saline conditions (6.0 and 12.0 dS m−1) with and without PGPA foliar application. The PGPA application mitigated salt-induced oxidative stress by enhancing the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase, as well as the content of ascorbate, glutathione, proline, and glycinebetaine. Moreover, PGPA protected salt-stressed plants from the deleterious effects of methylglyoxal by up-regulating the glyoxalase enzymes activity. The PGPA alleviated membrane damage by decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, electrolyte leakage, and NADP+ content. The protection of photosynthesis by PGPA was closely associated with the improved chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, leaf water content, membrane stability index, and NADPH content. The PGPA-treated plants also exhibited higher stomatal conductivity together with improved transpiration and photosynthetic rates under saline conditions. Overall, PGPA regulated the antioxidant machinery, glyoxalase system, and photosynthetic capacity, implying that it plays a critical role in salt stress mitigation. Therefore, it could be a useful agent to alleviate the harmful effects of salinity stress.
Predicting a Rapid Transition to Telehealth-Delivered Parent–Child Interaction Therapy Amid COVID-19: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Rosas Yessica Green , Sigal Marika , Park Alayna , Barnett Miya L.
Published: September 2022

The sudden onset of COVID-19 forced mental health therapists to rapidly transition to telehealth services. While some therapists and organizations were able to achieve an expeditious transition, others struggled. Using the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, and Sustainment (EPIS) framework, which outlines key phases that guide the implementation process, the current mixed methods study examined what factors predicted the transition to internet-based Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (iPCIT), a telehealth-delivered evidence-based practice (EBP). We investigated two areas related to the transition: (1) if PCIT therapists transitioned to provide iPCIT and (2) if they made this transition quickly. In Fall 2019, 324 therapists completed a survey about implementing PCIT. After stay-at-home orders, 223 of those therapists completed a follow-up survey about their transition to telehealth, organizational characteristics, their caseloads, and telehealth training. The majority of therapists (82%) transitioned to provide iPCIT, with 48% making the transition in less than a week. Open-ended responses indicated that therapists who did not transition-faced challenges related to limited client resources, a lack of training, and organizational delays. Qualitative findings informed predictors for two logistic regression models that are statistical models that predict the probability of an event occurring, with criterion variables (1) whether therapists transitioned to provide iPCIT and (2) whether they transitioned in less than a week. Results showed that caseload in Fall 2019 and receipt of iPCIT training were associated with iPCIT transition. Organizational setting, resiliency, and baseline caseload predicted rapid transition to iPCIT. Implications regarding supporting the implementation of telehealth delivery of EBPs are discussed.
Social, environmental, and COVID-19 pandemic-related effects on women's food security and health in Honduras
Authors: Fromm Ingrid , Reiche Andrea , Sauceda Dilcia , Rivera Elena
Published: September 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionally affected women in Honduras in terms of loss of employment and income opportunities, access to healthcare services, and increased poverty and food insecurity. The pre-pandemic gender inequalities in Honduras have resulted in harsher conditions for women since the onset of the pandemic. Early reports indicate that women have lost employment and incomes and have been burdened by other effects of the pandemic, such as more household work, childcare activities, and home schooling. Marginal groups such as indigenous women face greater challenges because of the structural and systemic inequalities which have existed for a long time. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has also differed across geographic areas and between rural and urban settings. In addition to the pandemic, the economic outlook for women in Honduras has worsened since the impact of Hurricanes Eta and Iota in November 2020, which displaced over a million people. The agricultural sector was devastated, and infrastructure was severely damaged. The recovery efforts have been slow because of the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper explores the root causes of gender inequalities and how it affects women’s food security and health.
Transforming places together: transformative community strategies responding to climate change and sustainability challenges
Authors: Schreuder Willemijn , Horlings Lummina G.
Published: September 2022

The simple evidence of global temperature rises, changing rainfall patterns and more frequent or extreme weather events are indisputable and will severely impact communities and society as a whole. Conventional strategies and incremental adaptation are not sufficient to address climate risks and sustainability challenges, therefore scholarly attention has shifted to the concept of transformation. A major driver of deliberate transformative responses are bottom-up processes of communities and citizen collectives, able to take the lead. An increasing and wide variety of grassroots community initiatives is emerging, responding to climate risks and sustainability challenges. These bottom-up processes require agents’ capacities to implement place-based transformative solutions aligned with climate goals in different contexts.

Based on a literature review and an analysis of online cases the research provides insights into strategies of community initiatives and how their practices illustrate different dimensions of transformative adaptation. Key conditions for transformative adaptation by communities turn out to be capacity-building, leadership, different forms of scaling, and an inclusive, enabling governance. Community initiatives provide an entry point for new novelties and strategies in support of radical transformative ideas. While these initiatives are place-based, there is the need to diffuse and embed these novelties in wider scales to purposely increase their transformative societal impact.
Sensing of Physical Factors by Cells: Electric Field, Mechanical Forces, Physical Plasma and Light—Importance for Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Bielfeldt Meike , Rebl Henrike , Peters Kirsten , Sridharan Kaarthik , Staehlke Susanne , Nebe J. Barbara
Published: September 2022

The development of new biomaterials and medical devices has become a growing field of interdisciplinary research. The medical devices for tissue and cell treatments are being constructed for the application in regenerative medicine. There are many different approaches to improve cellular functions and it is known that physical stimuli affect cell physiology such as proliferation and differentiation. In this review we focus on electrical and mechanical stimulation as well as cold atmospheric pressure plasma treatment and photobiomodulation. Bone forming cells show improved proliferation and migration after electrical stimulation, which is used as treatment in bone fracture healing and to enhance osseointegration. Especially mechanical forces have direct effects on central cell signalling pathways and cell adhesion to biomaterial surfaces. Physical plasma promotes tissue regeneration and exhibits anti-carcinogenic effects, while light of different wavelengths also improves wound healing and tissue repair by influencing stem cell fate. Although the treatment approaches are different, all these physical factors lead to the activation of cell signalling via calcium and reactive oxygen species. A better understanding of the cellular response to the applied stimuli will help develop efficient treatment strategies and optimised device settings.
Prospective for urban informatics
Authors: Shi Wenzhong , Goodchild Michael , Batty Michael , Li Qingquan , Liu Xintao , Zhang Anshu
Published: September 2022

The specialization of different urban sectors, theories, and technologies and their confluence in city development have led to a greatly accelerated growth in urban informatics, the transdisciplinary field for understanding and developing the city through new information technologies. While this young and highly promising field has attracted multiple reviews of its advances and outlook for its future, it would be instructive to probe further into the research initiatives of this rapidly evolving field, to provide reference to the development of not only urban informatics, but moreover the future of cities as a whole. This article thus presents a collection of research initiatives for urban informatics, based on the reviews of the state of the art in this field. The initiatives cover three levels, namely the future of urban science; core enabling technologies including geospatial artificial intelligence, high-definition mapping, quantum computing, artificial intelligence and the internet of things (AIoT), digital twins, explainable artificial intelligence, distributed machine learning, privacy-preserving deep learning, and applications in urban design and planning, transport, location-based services, and the metaverse, together with a discussion of algorithmic and data-driven approaches. The article concludes with hopes for the future development of urban informatics and focusses on the balance between our ever-increasing reliance on technology and important societal concerns.
The Logical Approach to Automatic Sequences
Authors: Shallit Jeffrey
Published: September 2022

Automatic sequences are sequences over a finite alphabet generated by a finite-state machine. This book presents a novel viewpoint on automatic sequences, and more generally on combinatorics on words, by introducing a decision method through which many new results in combinatorics and number theory can be automatically proved or disproved with little or no human intervention. This approach to proving theorems is extremely powerful, allowing long and error-prone case-based arguments to be replaced by simple computations. Readers will learn how to phrase their desired results in first-order logic, using free software to automate the computation process. Results that normally require multipage proofs can emerge in milliseconds, allowing users to engage with mathematical questions that would otherwise be difficult to solve. With more than 150 exercises included, this text is an ideal resource for researchers, graduate students, and advanced undergraduates studying combinatorics, sequences, and number theory.
Historians' Virtues
Authors: Paul Herman
Published: September 2022

Why do historians so often talk about objectivity, empathy, and fair-mindedness? What roles do such personal qualities play in historical studies? And why does it make sense to call them virtues rather than skills or habits? Historians' Virtues is the first publication to explore these questions in some depth. With case studies from across the centuries, the Element identifies major discontinuities in how and why historians talked about the marks of a good scholar. At the same time, it draws attention to long-term legacies that last until today. Virtues were, and are, invoked in debates over the historian's task. They reveal how historians position themselves vis-à-vis political regimes, religious traditions, or neoliberal university systems. More importantly, they show that historical study not only requires knowledge and technical skills, but also makes demands on the character of its practitioners. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
On improved fail-safe sensor distributions for a structural health monitoring system
Authors: Wang Tingna , Barthorpe Robert J. , Wagg David J. , Worden Keith
Published: September 2022

Sensor placement optimization (SPO) is usually applied during the structural health monitoring sensor system design process to collect effective data. However, the failure of a sensor may significantly affect the expected performance of the entire system. Therefore, it is necessary to study the optimal sensor placement considering the possibility of sensor failure. In this article, the research focusses on an SPO giving a fail-safe sensor distribution, whose sub-distributions still have good performance. The performance of the fail-safe sensor distribution with multiple sensors placed in the same position will also be studied. The adopted data sets include the mode shapes and corresponding labels of structural states from a series of tests on a glider wing. A genetic algorithm is used to search for sensor deployments, and the partial results are validated by an exhaustive search. Two types of optimization objectives are investigated, one for modal identification and the other for damage identification. The results show that the proposed fail-safe sensor optimization method is beneficial for balancing the system performance before and after sensor failure.
Spectrum scores: Toward a better definition of de-escalation
Authors: Ilges Daniel T. , Ritchie David J. , Krekel Tamara , Neuner Elizabeth A. , Micek Scott T.
Published: September 2022

Spectrum scores measure antimicrobial utilization while also quantifying the spectrum of activity. Accordingly, changes in spectrum score can be used to identify antimicrobial de-escalation. We show that spectrum-score–based de-escalation has a 95.7% positive percentage agreement and 81.6% negative percentage agreement versus de-escalation defined as stopping either antistaphylococcal or antipseudomonal agents.
Trends in the incidence of Clostridioides difficile infection in adults and the elderly insured by Medicaid compared to commercial insurance or Medicare only
Authors: Olsen Margaret A. , Stwalley Dustin , Tipping Andrew D. , Keller Matthew R. , Yu Holly , Dubberke Erik R.
Published: September 2022

Objective:

Few data are available to quantify the Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) burden in US adults depending on Medicaid insurance status; thus, we sought to contribute to this body of information.

Methods:

Retrospective cohort study to identify adults with codes for CDI from 2011 to 2017 in MarketScan commercial and Medicaid databases (for those aged 25–64 years) and the CMS Medicare database (for those aged ≥65 years). CDI was categorized as healthcare-facility–associated (HCA-CDI) and community-associated CDI (CA-CDI). CDI incidence rates were compared by year, insurer, and age group.

Results:

The overall CDI incidence in the elderly was 3.1-fold higher in persons insured by Medicare plus Medicaid than in those insured by Medicare only (1,935 vs 618 per 100,000 person years (PY)), and the CDI incidence was 2.7-fold higher in younger adults with Medicaid compared to commercial insurance (195 vs 73 per 100,000 PY). From 2011 to 2017, HCA-CDI rates declined in the younger Medicaid population (124.0 to 95.2 per 100,000 PY; P < .001) but were stable in those commercially insured (25.9 to 24.8 per 100,000 PY; P = .33). In the elderly HCA-CDI rates declined from 2011 to 2017 in the Medicare-only population (403 to 318 per 100,000 PY; P < .001) and the Medicare plus Medicaid population (1,770 to 1,163 per 100,000 PY; P < .002). Persons with chronic medical conditions and those with immunocompromising conditions insured by Medicaid had 2.8- and 2.7-fold higher CDI incidence compared to the commercially insured population, respectively. The incidence of CDI was lowest in Medicaid and commercially insured younger adults without chronic medical or immunosuppressive conditions (67.5 and 45.6 per 100,000 PY, respectively).

Conclusions:

Although HCA-CDI incidence decreased from 2011 to 2017 in elderly and younger adults insured by Medicaid, the burden of CDI remains much higher in low-income adults insured by Medicaid.
Risk and protective factors for severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among healthcare workers: A test-negative case–control study in Québec, Canada
Authors: Carazo Sara , Villeneuve Jasmin , Laliberté Denis , Longtin Yves , Talbot Denis , Martin Richard , Denis Geoffroy , Ducharme Francine , Paquet-Bolduc Bianka , Anctil Geneviève , Hegg-Deloye Sandrine , De Serres Gaston
Published: September 2022

Objectives:

In Québec, Canada, we evaluated the risk of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection associated with (1) the demographic and employment characteristics among healthcare workers (HCWs) and (2) the workplace and household exposures and the infection prevention and control (IPC) measures among patient-facing HCWs.

Design:

Test-negative case-control study.

Setting:

Provincial health system.

Participants:

HCWs with PCR-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosed between November 15, 2020, and May 29, 2021 (ie, cases), were compared to HCWs with compatible symptoms who tested negative during the same period (ie, controls).

Methods:

Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of infection were estimated using regression logistic models evaluating demographic and employment characteristics (all 4,919 cases and 4,803 controls) or household and workplace exposures and IPC measures (2,046 patient-facing cases and 1,362 controls).

Results:

COVID-19 risk was associated with working as housekeeping staff (aOR, 3.6), as a patient-support assistant (aOR, 1.9), and as nursing staff (aOR, 1.4), compared to administrative staff. Other risk factors included being unexperienced (aOR, 1.5) and working in private seniors’ homes (aOR, 2.1) or long-term care facilities (aOR, 1.5), compared to acute-care hospitals. Among patient-facing HCWs, exposure to a household contact was reported by 9% of cases and was associated with the highest risk of infection (aOR, 7.8). Most infections were likely attributable to more frequent exposure to infected patients (aOR, 2.7) and coworkers (aOR, 2.2). Wearing an N95 respirator during contacts with COVID-19 patients (aOR, 0.7) and vaccination (aOR, 0.2) were the measures associated with risk reduction.

Conclusion:

In the context of the everchanging SARS-CoV-2 virus with increasing transmissibility, measures to ensure HCW protection, including vaccination and respiratory protection, and patient safety will require ongoing evaluation.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: Trends and distinguishing characteristics among patients in a healthcare system in New York City
Authors: Aslam Saif , Asrat Habtamu , Liang Rina , Qiu Wenqi , Sunny Subin , Maro Anna , Abdallah Marie , Fornek Mary , Episcopia Briana , Quale John
Published: September 2022

During the pandemic, the rate of healthcare facility–onset methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia was 5 times greater in patients admitted with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The presence of central lines and mechanical ventilation likely contribute to this increased rate. The number of central-line–associated bacteremia cases may be underestimated in patients with COVID-19.
An urgent call for I-O psychologists to produce timelier technology research
Authors: White Jerod C. , Ravid Daniel M. , Siderits Ian O. , Behrend Tara S.
Published: September 2022

The rapid pace at which technology changes creates a challenge for industrial-organizational (I-O) psychologists, who often conduct hypothetico-deductive research. In this article, we examine technology research in the I-O psychology community by asking three questions: Why should I-O psychologists study new technologies? How timely is I-O psychologists’ technology research? How can I-O psychologists produce timelier technology research? Using archival data from 23 years of SIOP conferences and a historical timeline of technology innovations, we find that I-O psychologists study technology milestones an average of 6.10 years after they first enter widespread awareness and adoption. We discuss the implications of this lag and conclude by urging I-O psychologists to study technology with an eye toward action, exploration, collaboration, dissemination, and creation.
Democracy under pressure: historical lessons for current challenges?
Authors: Skaaning Svend-Erik
Published: September 2022

A review of three books shows that the crisis of democracy literature is exceptionally diverse. It ranges from overconfident postulations and proposals without systematic arguments and comparative analysis on the one hand to novel theorizing and balanced accounts, including cautious use of historical evidence, on the other hand. Accordingly, there is much variation in how much the different contributions succeed in drawing lessons from historical developments to better understand and reduce contemporary challenges.
Stability and dynamics of the flow past a bullet-shaped blunt body moving in a pipe
Authors: Bonnefis Paul , Fabre David , Airiau Christophe
Published: September 2022

The flow past a bullet-shaped blunt body moving in a pipe is investigated through global linear stability analysis (LSA) and direct numerical simulation. A cartography of the bifurcation curves is provided thanks to LSA, covering the range of parameters corresponding to Reynolds number

$Re = [50\unicode{x2013}110]$

, confinement ratio

$a/A = [ 0.01\unicode{x2013}0.92]$

and length-to-diameter ratio

$L/d = [2\unicode{x2013}10]$

. Results show that the first bifurcation is always a steady bifurcation associated to a non-oscillating eigenmode with azimuthal wavenumber

$m=\pm 1$

leading to a steady state with planar symmetry. For weakly confined cases (

$a/A<0.6$

), the second bifurcation is associated to an oscillating mode with azimuthal wavenumber

$m=\pm 1$

, as in the unconfined case. On the other hand, for the strongly confined case (

$a/A>0.8$

), a destabilization of non-oscillating modes with

$|m| =2,3$

and a restabilization of the

$m=\pm 1$

eigenmodes are observed. The aspect ratio

$L/d$

is shown to have a minor influence for weakly confined cases and almost no influence for strongly confined cases. Direct numerical simulation is subsequently used to characterize the nonlinear dynamics. The results confirm the steady bifurcation predicted by LSA with excellent agreement for the threshold Reynolds. For weakly confined cases, the second bifurcation is a Hopf bifurcation leading to a periodic, planar-symmetric state in qualitative accordance with LSA predictions. For more confined cases, more complex dynamics is obtained, including a steady state with

$|m|=3$

geometry and aperiodic states.