bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of fermentation temperature on oenological parameters and volatile compounds in wine
Authors: Abarca-Rivas Clara , Martín-Garcia Alba , Riu-Aumatell Montserrat , Bidon-Chanal Axel , López-Tamames Elvira
Published: February 2023

The increase in temperature caused by climate change is one of the greatest challenges the wine industry has to face. Temperature increase affects sugar and alcohol content, which directly impact the chemical and organoleptic characteristics of wine. This has a serious impact on the competitiveness and profits of companies in the sector. Among the most studied strategies focused on guaranteeing wine quality is the use of yeast strains that are better adapted to the conditions generated by climate change. Therefore, this study seeks to evaluate whether the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains LALVIN CY3079 and UVAFERM WAM maintain their organoleptic characteristics at different temperatures. For this purpose, 3 experimental fermentations were carried out at 16, 20, and 27ºC, respectively. Alcoholic fermentation was monitored (pH, sugars, and microbial population) and general oenological parameters (acetic, citric, malic, succinic, lactic, amine nitrogen, ammonium, and glycerol) were evaluated at the beginning and end of fermentation. In addition, the ethanol content and volatile compounds formed at the end of fermentation were analysed. As a result of these experimental fermentations, it was observed that most of the basic oenological parameters and volatile compounds are modified as a function of fermentation temperature.
Evaluation of bio-acidifying yeast Lachancea thermotolerans as a strategy to reduce the effects of climate change in Tempranillo grape must vinification
Authors: Muñoz Vidal Antonio Pérez , del Rocío Castro-López Liliana , Hernández Luis Eugenio Martínez , Herrera Davis Cordero , Martínez Gabriela Herrera , Castillo Guillermo
Published: February 2023

The effects of climate change are posing major challenges for winemaking, especially in warm regions. Rising temperatures are leading to a considerable increase in sugar content and a reduction in the acidity of grape juices. This has prompted the search for new chemical and biological tools to reduce these effects in winemaking. Lachancea thermotolerans represent an interesting tool for wine improvement, due to their effects on lactic acid, ethanol, and volatile acidity. In this study, we evaluated the sequential inoculation of Lachancea thermotolerans (AEB Italia) + Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an alternative to the addition of water and tartaric acid in the vinification of over-ripened wine must (Tempranillo cv.). To do so, we conducted a micro vinification experiment that included three experimental treatments (replicated four times); AAS = Addition of water + tartaric acid fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ALS = sequential fermentation with Lachancea thermotolerans followed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and SAC = Only inoculation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (control). We measured the lactic acid, malic acid, acetic acid, total acidity, pH, glucose + fructose, and ethanol concentration of the resulting wines. We found a higher lactic acid content and total acidity in ALS wines (2.2 g/L y 6.65 g/L) compared with AAS (0.13 g/L y 5.75 g/L) and SAC wines (0.18 g/L y 5.37 g/L). ALS wines showed a significantly lower pH (4.00) than SAC wines (4.19) but did not differ significantly from AAS wines (3.19). Finally, acetic acid was higher in ALS wines (0.89 g/L) than AAS wines (0.64 g/L) but did not differ significantly from SAC wines (1.02 g/L). Our results point out that the use of Lachancea thermotolerans in a sequential inoculation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an alternative to the addition of water and tartaric acid in the vinification of over-ripened Tempranillo musts.
Consumer and regulatory response to climate change-new plant breeding techniques
Authors: Battaglene Anthony
Published: February 2023

Climate change is having a significant impact on the global grape and wine sector. We are seeing earlier and more compressed vintages, more extreme weather events, and a warming of temperatures. These are all leading to management changes in both the vineyard and the winery. Overlaying these physical changes are the mega-consumer trends that are demanding more sustainable production patterns. These trends are changing consumer attitudes to many previously held beliefs. Solutions with a trend toward a sustainable and agrochemical-free agriculture and production chain are needed. Technological advances in plant genetic engineering, coupled with the sequencing of the grapevine genome, has enabled new techniques that can rapidly be used to enhance positive characters in grape vines and wine. Changing consumer attitudes have led to a number of regulators reviewing their existing food regulations for genetically modified (GM) food. The debate around the definitions for GM food and whether these are fit for purpose since the emergence of a range of new techniques for genetic modification has the potential to dramatically change the landscape for grape and wine production internationally. In this paper we explore the current regulatory developments, consumer trends and attitudes and the implications for the grape and wine sector as we seek to cope with the demands of climate change and provide a sustainable future for the planet.
Douro wine-tourism engaging consumers in nature conservation stewardship: An immersive biodiversity experience
Authors: Graça Antonio , Morais Isabel , Silva Helder , Guerra Carla , Manso José , Marcos Luís , Carlos Cristina
Published: February 2023

Wine tourism is a growing revenue side-stream for wine businesses and regions. It complements wine with a context of landscape, gastronomy, culture and history. Wine tourism generates an experience that transcends the material nature of wine. In 2022, the UN will hold the COP15 of the Convention for Biological Diversity (CBD) aiming to reverse nature and biodiversity loss, making the world nature- positive by 2030 and planning for full recovery by 2050. Wine tourism develops the engagement of consumers with wine in its intangible dimensions enriching the experience offer with a further field: biodiversity and nature stewardship. We propose wine tourism may be used to educate consumers about the need to protect nature, ecosystem and biodiversity of those places where wine is produced and the global sustainability benefits that may be derived from that protection. We created a wine tourism offer package for a biodiversity trail set in a 70-hectare vineyard in Douro, a UNESCO world heritage site. In this work, we describe how scientific information was used to create the trail elements and educational information, to engage consumers as nature conservancy stewards and advocates.
Principe et application de l’éco-œnotourisme
Authors: Rochard Joël
Published: February 2023

Le tourisme durable est défini par l’Organisation Mondiale du Tourisme comme un tourisme « qui tient pleinement compte de ses impacts économiques, sociaux et environnementaux actuels et futurs, en répondant aux besoins des visiteurs, des professionnels, de l’environnement et des communautés d’accueil ». Parallèlement à l'attrait pour le vin et la dégustation, l’œnotouriste est progressivement également motivé par une approche écologique et patrimoniale des caves et des terroirs, ce qui suppose de développer une communication, des outils et des démarches opérationnelles associées à ces orientations. Une démarche d’éco-œnotourisme durable intègre en premier lieu la logistique touristique proprement dite, en particulier le transport, l'hébergement, mais aussi une approche de durabilité au niveau de la cave et des vignobles, avec des actions opérationnelles concernant notamment la réduction des intrants, biodiversité, valorisation des paysages, économie circulaire, changement climatique. La communication présente les enjeux et l’application de ce nouveau concept éco-œnotouristique et des pistes pour structurer des démarches durables appliquées à l’œnotourisme.
The behaviour of grapevine growers in the decision-making of using Plant Protection Products (PPP) from Palmela region
Authors: Gomes Catarina , Cachão Miguel , Batista Ana Teresa , Chambel Ana Margarida , do Amparo Godinho Maria , Mendes Luís
Published: February 2023

In current days, the major challenges for farmers are the impact of plant protection products (PPP) on the public health, the environment protection, residues reduction, bees and non-target organisms, as well as, the withdrawal of many active ingredients and climate changes. Given the current situation, sustainable use of PPP is a main objective and priority. The decisions making of using PPP of 235 winegrowers from Palmela region, which do not have regular technical assistance, were assessed during 2016 until 2019. The data analysed included the number of applications, the dosages used and the compliance of pre-harvest interval (PHI). For each year, it was observed that a winegrower, on average, made seven treatments, although the tendency is a decrease to reduce the number of treatments. The PPP most used belong to the groups 3 (Triazoles), M02 (Inorganic) and M04 + 4 (Phthalimides + Phenyl Amides) according FRAC Code. Regardless of the climatic conditions and the disease pressure in the vineyard, the winegrowers used PPP every 14 days. Fear and “empiric experience” sometimes overtake knowledge and technology. That could only be changed with trust between technical assistance and farmers. That could be the solution to face the mentioned challenges and to offer sustainable wines from Palmela region.
Objectifs du Développement Durable (ODD) l'ONU et Responsabilité Sociale/Sociétale des Entreprises, au sein de la filière vitivinicole : concepts et applications
Authors: Chabin Yann , Rochard Joël
Published: February 2023

En 2015, l’ONU a établi l’Agenda 2030 en fusionnant l’agenda du développement et celui des Sommets de la Terre. Il s’organise autour des « 5P » Planète, Populations, Prospérité, Paix et Partenariats. Les 17 objectifs, déclinés selon 169 cibles plus précises, en forment le cœur et décrivent l’horizon idéal pour 2030 d’un développement durable supposant autant la justice sociale que la croissance économique, la paix et la solidarité que la préservation des écosystèmes. Ces différents aspects ont notamment été appuyés par la mise en place de la Responsabilité Sociale/Sociétale des Entreprises (RSE) et de la norme ISO 26000 :2010 (lignes directrices internationales de la Responsabilité Sociétale des Organisations) dans les différents secteurs d’activité et notamment la vitiviniculture à partir des années 2000.

La communication a pour objectif de présenter les orientations de l’Agenda 2030, les aspects opérationnels d’une démarche RSE au niveau de la viticulture (vignobles, caves, organismes associés) et d’apporter des retours d’expérience, à partir d’une implication des auteurs dans les démarches de plusieurs structures, associée à la réalisation d’audits, l’élaboration de feuilles de route RSE ainsi qu’à la rédaction d’un reporting extra financier et de supports de communication.
Strongly recurrent transformation groups
Authors: Amini Massoud , Swid Jumah
Published: February 2023

We define the notions of strong and strict recurrency for actions of countable ordered groups on σ-finite non atomic measure spaces with quasi-invariant measures. We show that strong recurrency is equivalent to non existence of weakly wandering sets of positive measure. We also show that for certain p.m.p ergodic actions the system is not strictly recurrent, which shows that strong and strict recurrency are not equivalent.
Comment assurer l’équité d’une évaluation classante par les examens cliniques objectifs et structurés (ECOS) ? Enquête d’opinion auprès des externes sur les conditions d’acceptabilité de la réforme du deuxième cycle des études médicales en France
Authors: Zumstein Carine , Philippon Anne-Laure , Lorenzo Mathieu
Published: February 2023

Contexte : Les examens cliniques objectifs et structurés (ECOS) sont un outil d’évaluation de performances professionnelles en milieu simulé. Ils ont été intégrés à la réforme du deuxième cycle des études médicales en France afin d’évaluer les compétences des étudiants tout en leur garantissant l’équité et l’égalité des chances. Les ECOS favorisent l’objectivité de l’évaluation par leur forte standardisation mais de nombreuses variables sont à considérer. Afin de favoriser l’acceptabilité du dispositif, il est primordial de définir avec les étudiants les modalités de standardisation nécessaires et réalisables. Objectif : Explorer l’opinion des étudiants sur l’équité et la faisabilité des ECOS pour leur examen national. Méthodes : Nous avons utilisé une méthode qualitative basée sur des entretiens individuels semi-structurés avec des étudiants en deuxième cycle des études médicales. Les entretiens ont été codés en double aveugle et analysés de manière inductive. Résultats : Selon les étudiants, l’équité des ECOS repose principalement sur la construction de la grille d’évaluation, le choix des sujets, l’objectivité des évaluateurs et des patients standardisés et la formation préalable à l’examen. Ils précisent l’importance de la non-connaissance et l’absence de hiérarchie avec les évaluateurs et patients standardisés, et demandent une adaptation de la formation théorique et pratique centrée sur le patient. Conclusion : Selon les étudiants, l’équité des ECOS conditionne leur acceptabilité et repose sur le niveau de standardisation de tous les éléments les constituant. Au-delà de cette évaluation, la formation reste indispensable et devrait aboutir à un nouvel alignement pédagogique favorisant l’apprentissage de compétences cliniques au service des patients.
Führungsstile in der Wirbelsäulenchirurgie: Freie Entfaltung oder alles unter Kontrolle? Der hierarchische Führungsstil
Authors: Meyer Bernhard
Published: February 2023

Einführung: Die Grundannahme, dass der hierarchische bzw. autoritäre Führungsstil immer mit dem Chefarztsystem assoziiert ist, ist historisch begründet und Grundlage der Diskussion. Durch Analyse der Literatur zur Personalführung und der Daten der eigenen Klinik soll diese Annahme widerlegt werden.

Methoden: Spezifische Literatur zur Personalführung, sowie Standarddaten zur Analyse der „Performance“ einer Universitätsklinik in Klinik, Wissenschaft und Lehre werden dazu herangezogen.

Ergebnisse: Die Analyse der Daten der vom Autor geleiteten Klinik
zeigen unbestreitbar, dass die Führung erfolgreich ist, wenn man objektive Kriterien anlegt.
In allen Punkten ist die Klinik unter den oberen 5% national einzuordnen. Dabei wird
akzeptiert, dass nahezu 60% der Auszubildenden am System scheitern. Die Analyse des
Führungsstils selbst und der Rahmenbedingungen ergibt die meiste Konkordanz mit dem sog.
kooperativen Führungsstil, der in diesem Fall verbunden ist mit Richtlinienkompetenz und
Letztverantwortung einer Person.

Zusammenfassung Beide zu diskutierende Systeme, nämlich Chefarztsystem versus Kollegialsystem, können nur durch einen kooperativen Führungsstil über motivierte und zufriedene Mitarbeiter zum Erfolg kommen. Der Unterschied ist lediglich, dass er im Chefarztsystem vom Leiter freiwillig so ausgeübt werden muss, während er im Kollegialsystem implizit „verordnet“ ist.
Wer sollte die Pädiatrischen Wirbelsäulen (Tumore, Deformitäten, Trauma) operieren? – Der Kinder-Wirbelsäulenchirurg, denn Kinder sind keine kleinen Erwachsenen
Authors: Kunkel Philip
Published: February 2023

Thema: Spinale Pathologien bei pädiatrischen Patienten betreffen ein breites Spektrum unterschiedlicher Entitäten. Ihre chirurgische Behandlung wird üblicherweise entweder von orthopädischen Chirurgen oder Neurochirurgen mit pädiatrischer spinaler Expertise durchgeführt. In den letzten Jahren wurde erfolgreich an einigen spezialisierten pädiatrischen Zentren orthopädisch/neurochirurgische Teams etabliert, die gemeinsam komplexe Fälle operieren. Ansonsten herrscht allerdings noch einige Uneinigkeit darüber welche chirurgischen Spezialisten mit welchem Ausbildungshintergrund in welchem klinischen Umfeld am besten geeignet sind diese Operationen durchzuführen. Dieser Artikel soll nun Argumente für unterschiedliche Lösungsansätze für dieses Problem sammeln und werten.

Methoden: Aus der Literatur wurden einige Informationen bez. der
klinischen Realität von Behandlungsformen auf dem Gebiet der pädiatrischen spinalen
Pathologien in verschiedenen Gesundheitssystemen gewonnen.

Diskussion: Nur in starker Vereinfachung betreffen spinale
pädiatrische Pathologien entweder knöcherne Strukturen oder Nervengewebe. In der Realität sind
in der Regel beide Kompartimente in unterschiedlicher Ausprägung affektiert. Bei einigen
Entitäten ist die chirurgische Behandlung der Situation im Erwachsenenalter sehr ähnlich
(Tumoren und Trauma bei älteren Kindern) in anderen (dysraphische Fehlbildungen, Rhizotomien
etc.) besteht keinerlei Entsprechung bei Erwachsenen. Kyphotische und skoliotische
Deformitäten der wachsenden Wirbelsäule, insbesondere bei nicht idiopathischen Formen, stellen
ein ganzes Behandlungsfeld ohne Übereinstimmung mit Pathologien des Erwachsenenalters dar und
erfordern ein ausgeprägtes Wissen über den natürlichen Verlauf, die Wachstumsprozesse, die
unterschiedlichen chirurgischen und nicht chirurgischen Behandlungsoptionen und ihre
Terminierung.

Fazit: Die Etablierung von pädiatrischen Wirbelsäulenchirurgen mit neurochirurgischem Ausbildungshintergrund könnte eine gute Lösung sein, um alle Pathologien der kindlichen Wirbelsäule zu behandeln. In vielen Fällen wäre eine Zusammenarbeit und auch gemeinsame Operationen mit kinderorthopädischen Wirbelsäulenchirurgen, insbesondere auf dem Gebiet der Deformitätenchirurgie, hilfreich bzw. notwendig.
Wer sollte die pädiatrischen Wirbelsäulen (Tumore, Deformitäten, Trauma) operieren? – eine Synthese
Authors: Koller Heiko
Published: February 2023

Wer soll die kindliche Wirbelsäule operieren? Der Erwachsenenchirurg oder der pädiatrische Wirbelsäulenchirurg? Dieser Frage widmet sich der folgende Beitrag unter Berücksichtigung der aktuellen Versorgungslage im deutschsprachigen Raum. Unterschiedliche Altersgruppen, Schweregrad und Häufigkeit der Wirbelsäulenerkrankung, die Invasivität der geplanten Operation sowie vorliegende Grund- und Begleiterkrankungen bei Kindern mit Wirbelsäulenpathologien zeigen die Vielschichtigkeit der Frage und Komplexität einer Lösungsfindung auf.

Die Vorteile, welche pädiatrische Chirurgen und Erwachsenenchirurgen aufgrund ihrer spezifischen Ausbildungswege und Berufserfahrung in die Behandlung der kleinen Patienten einbringen, lassen in der Schlussfolgerung die Forderung nach einer intensiven Diskussion auch neuer Ausbildungsschwerpunkte, wie z.B. die Implementierung sog. Fellowships, erstarken.
Operative Versorgung der Typ2-Densfraktur bei >80 Jahren – Contra
Authors: Thomé Claudius
Published: February 2023

Die Versorgung der Typ 2-Densfraktur bei alten PatientInnen wird anhaltend intensiv diskutiert und die Studienlage ist uneinheitlich. Bei weniger alten PatientInnen und bei Frakturen mit ausgeprägter Dislokation oder neurologischen Defiziten wird eine operative Therapie mittels dorsaler HWK 1/2-Instrumentation empfohlen. Die große Mehrzahl der PatientInnen jedoch zeigt nach konservativer Therapie mit einer semirigiden Orthese für 12 Wochen ein klinisch hervorragendes Ergebnis und das Auftreten neuer neurologischer Defizite ist eine Rarität. Die Reoperationsrate nach primär chirurgischer Versorgung ist vergleichbar zur Notwendigkeit einer sekundären Operation aufgrund eines Versagens der konservativen Therapie. Auch wenn ohne Instrumentation nur in ca. 40% der Fälle eine knöcherne Fusion eintritt, korreliert eine Pseudoarthrose nicht mit Beschwerden.
Operative Versorgung der Typ 2 Dens Fraktur bei >80j – Synthese
Authors: Schnake Klaus John
Published: February 2023

Typ 2 Dens axis Frakturen bei Patienten über 80 Jahre können erfolgreich konservativ oder operativ behandelt werden. Komorbiditäten bzw. die Gebrechlichkeit der Patienten sind mit entscheidend für die Mortalität und das klinische Ergebnis. Dislozierte Frakturen sollten bevorzugt einer operativen Therapie unterzogen werden. Sehr hochbetagte Patienten profitieren eher nicht von einer operativen Therapie.
Konsequenzen und Optionen: Neue Normalität des Beschaffungsmanagements
Authors: von Eiff Wilfried
Published: February 2023

Ziel des 1. BKK-Thinktank unter der Leitung von Univ.-Prof. Dr. Dr. Wilfried von Eiff war es, zukünftige Herausforderungen und Handlungsfelder für das Beschaffungsmanagement der Krankenhäuser zu identifizieren. Ergebnis dieses Thinktank-Workshops war ein „11-Punkte-Plan“ mit Handlungsempfehlungen für Entscheider, der in einem Ausschnitt in diesem Beitrag dargestellt wird.
EU-Richtlinie: In-vitro-Diagnostika unter der IVDR
Authors: Kübra Ece Hatice , Dillschneider Jutta
Published: February 2023

Auch wenn die Übergangsfristen für In-vitro-Diagnostika (IVD) verlängert wurden, bringt die IVDR neue Regelungen im Bereich der Lab Developed Tests mit sich, die der Krankenhauseinkauf beachten sollte.
Extrapolating dynamics with machine learning
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: February 2023

Machine learning can extrapolate beyond tipping points and predict the long-term behavior of non-stationary systems like climate change.
Mitotic outcomes and errors in fibrous environments
Authors: Jana Aniket , Sarkar Apurba , Zhang Haonan , Agashe Atharva , Wang Ji , Paul Raja , Gov Nir S. , DeLuca Jennifer G. , Nain Amrinder S.
Published: February 2023

During mitosis, cells round up and utilize the interphase adhesion sites within the fibrous extracellular matrix (ECM) as guidance cues to orient the mitotic spindles. Here, using suspended ECM-mimicking nanofiber networks, we explore mitotic outcomes and error distribution for various interphase cell shapes. Elongated cells attached to single fibers through two focal adhesion clusters (FACs) at their extremities result in perfect spherical mitotic cell bodies that undergo significant 3-dimensional (3D) displacement while being held by retraction fibers (RFs). Increasing the number of parallel fibers increases FACs and retraction fiber-driven stability, leading to reduced 3D cell body movement, metaphase plate rotations, increased interkinetochore distances, and significantly faster division times. Interestingly, interphase kite shapes on a crosshatch pattern of four fibers undergo mitosis resembling single-fiber outcomes due to rounded bodies being primarily held in position by RFs from two perpendicular suspended fibers. We develop a cortex–astral microtubule analytical model to capture the retraction fiber dependence of the metaphase plate rotations. We observe that reduced orientational stability, on single fibers, results in increased monopolar mitotic defects, while multipolar defects become dominant as the number of adhered fibers increases. We use a stochastic Monte Carlo simulation of centrosome, chromosome, and membrane interactions to explain the relationship between the observed propensity of monopolar and multipolar defects and the geometry of RFs. Overall, we establish that while bipolar mitosis is robust in fibrous environments, the nature of division errors in fibrous microenvironments is governed by interphase cell shapes and adhesion geometries.
Jet Radius and Momentum Splitting Fraction with Dynamical Grooming in Heavy-Ion Collisions
Authors: Wang Lei , Kang Jin-Wen , Zhang Qing , Shen Shuwan , Dai Wei , Zhang Ben-Wei , Wang Enke
Published: February 2023

We investigate the medium modifications of momentum splitting fraction and groomed jet radius with both dynamical grooming and soft drop algorithms in heavy-ion collisions. In the calculation, the partonic spectrum of initial hard scattering in p+p collisions is provided by the event generator PYTHIA8, and the energy loss of fast parton traversing in a hot/dense quantum-chromodynamic medium is simulated with the linear Boltzmann transport model. We predict the normalized distributions of the groomed jet radius θ
g and momentum splitting fraction z
g with the dynamical grooming algorithm in Pb+Pb collisions at

s

NN

= 5.02 TeV, then compare these quantities in dynamical grooming at a = 0.1, with that in soft drop at z
cut = 0.1 and β = 0. It is found that the normalized distribution ratios Pb+Pb/p+p with respect to z
g in z
cut = 0.1, β = 0 soft drop case are close to unity, those in a = 0.1 dynamical grooming case show enhancement at small z
g, and Pb+Pb/p+p with respect to θ
g in the dynamical grooming case demonstrate weaker modification than those in the soft drop counterparts. We further calculate the groomed jet number averaged momentum splitting fraction 〈z
g〉jets and averaged groomed jet radius 〈θ
g〉jets in p+p and A+A for both grooming cases in three

p
T

ch

jet

intervals, and find that the originally generated well balanced groomed jets will become more momentum imbalanced and jet size less narrowed due to jet quenching, and weaker medium modification of z
g and θ
g in the a = 0.1 dynamical grooming case than in the soft drop counterparts.
Pseudogap formation due to charge-transfer transition and Kondo effect
Authors: Koikegami Shigeru
Published: February 2023

We investigate the doping evolution of the electronic state of the three-band t-J-U model considering the normal state of the hole-doped high-

T

c

superconducting cuprate. In our model, when some number of holes are doped into the undoped state, the d electron exhibits the charge-transfer (CT)-type Mott-Hubbard transition along with a chemical potential jump. A reduced CT gap is formed from the p band and the coherent component of the d band, and it shrinks due to charge fluctuations as more holes are doped as in the pseudogap (PG) phenomenon. This trend is reinforced as the d-p band hybridization is increased, and a Fermi liquid state is retrieved as in the Kondo effect. These suggest that the PG in the hole-doped cuprate emerges due to the CT transition and the Kondo effect.
Study on the performance of novel nanomaterials for detection of biomarkers such as PCT based on immunochromatography sensitivity
Authors: Jiao Feiyan , Song Bailing , Wang Lei , Zhou Hao , Zhou Xuelei , Liu Tingwei , Li Xinxia , Li Jiutong
Published: February 2023

In this study, by comparing the UV–vis spectral characteristics of colloidal gold and colloidal gold enhancer, and their differences as immunochromatographic tracers in the qualitative detection of PCT, IL-6, Hp and quantitative determination of PCT performance, the factors that may affect the sensitivity were discussed. The results show that the absorbance at 520 nm of CGE diluted 20-fold and colloidal gold diluted 2-fold were comparable, and the sensitivity of CGE immunoprobe for qualitative detection of PCT, IL-6 and Hp was higher than that of colloidal gold immunoprobe, and the reproducibility and accuracy of both immunoprobes for quantitative detection of PCT were good. Indicating that the high sensitivity of CGE immunoprobe detection is mainly due to the absorption coefficient of CGE at 520 nm is about 10 times that of colloidal gold immunoprobe, CGE has stronger light absorption capacity and stronger quenching effect on rhodamine 6 G on the nitrocellulose membrane surface of the test strip.
Research advances in ZnO nanomaterials-based UV photode tectors: a review
Authors: Hu Jinning , Chen Jun , Ma Teng , Li Zhenhua , Hu J , Ma T , Li Z
Published: February 2023

Ultraviolet photodetectors (UV PDs) have always been the research focus of semiconductor optoelectronic devices due to their wide application fields and diverse compositions. As one of the best-known n-type metal oxides in third-generation semiconductor electronic devices, ZnO nanostructures and their assembly with other materials have received extensive research. In this paper, the research progress of different types of ZnO UV PDs is reviewed, and the effects of different nanostructures on ZnO UV PDs are summarized in detail. In addition, physical effects such as piezoelectric photoelectric effect, pyroelectric effect, and three ways of heterojunction, noble metal local surface plasmon resonance enhancement and formation of ternary metal oxides on the performance of ZnO UV PDs were also investigated. The applications of these PDs in UV sensing, wearable devices, and optical communication are displayed. Finally, the possible opportunities and challenges for the future development of ZnO UV PDs are prospected.
Spiking and bursting discharge behaviors in a memristor-based oscillator: analysis and circuit implementation
Authors: Zhenlong Song , Biyun Shen , Yuyan Zhang , Shaohui Yan
Published: February 2023

In this study, a voltage-controlled memristor was designed and connected in parallel with an inductor-capacitor to form an oscillator circuit. The memristor, as a natural electronic equivalent for building biological neurons, enabled this oscillator circuit to simulate the four types of firing patterns generated by neurons. By means of a two-parameter scan, a dynamic map of the discharges was created, allowing a more efficient dynamic analysis of the field, and the results were compared with the potassium-sodium ion model of the neuron. The analysis of the stability of the equilibrium point allowed a better understanding of the complex discharge mechanisms generated by the system. The results of the hardware tests and the numerical analysis were in agreement.
Dual-frequency anti-nonlinear sound-absorbing metasurface via multilayer nested microslit resonators
Authors: Sun Wei , Li Li , Chu Zhigang
Published: February 2023

We propose a dual-frequency anti-nonlinear sound-absorbing metasurface (DASM) based on multilayer nested microslit resonators. Under the assumption of a linear system, the theoretical acoustic impedance of the DASM is derived by the transfer matrix method. Furthermore, the influence of structural parameters on sound absorption is also explored. The numerical and experimental results show that the proposed DASM can achieve quasi-perfect sound absorption at two low frequencies corresponding to the first two orders of the acoustic cavity mode frequencies of the structural unit, and enjoys strong anti-nonlinear performance and robustness to incident angles.
Prospects for LISA to detect a gravitational-wave background from first order phase transitions
Authors: Boileau Guillaume , Christensen Nelson , Gowling Chloe , Hindmarsh Mark , Meyer Renate
Published: February 2023

First order phase transitions in the early universe could produce a gravitational-wave
background that might be detectable by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). Such an
observation would provide evidence for physics beyond the Standard Model. We study the ability of
LISA to observe a gravitational-wave background from phase transitions in the presence of an
extragalactic foreground from binary black hole mergers throughout the universe, a galactic
foreground from white dwarf binaries, and LISA noise. Modelling the phase transition gravitational
wave background as a double broken power law, we use the deviance information criterion as a
detection statistic, and Fisher matrix and Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods to assess the
measurement accuracy of the parameters of the power spectrum. While estimating all the parameters
associated with the gravitational-wave backgrounds, foregrounds, and LISA noise, we find that LISA
could detect a gravitational-wave background from phase transitions with a peak frequency of 1 mHz and normalized energy density amplitude of Ωp ≃ 3 × 10-11. With Ωp ≃ 10-10, the signal is detectable if the peak frequency is in the range 4 ×
10-4 to 9 × 10-3 Hz, and the peak amplitude and frequency can be estimated to an
accuracy of 10% to 1%.
Facile integration of an Al-rich Al1–x
In
x
N photodetector on free-standing GaN by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering
Authors: Liu 刘 Xinke 新科 , Lin 林 Zhichen 之晨 , Lin 林 Yuheng 钰恒 , Chen 陈 Jianjin 建金 , Zou 邹 Ping 苹 , Zhou 周 Jie 杰 , Li 李 Bo 博 , Shen 沈 Longhai 龙海 , Zhu 朱 Deliang 德亮 , Liu 刘 Qiang 强 , Yu 俞 Wenjie 文杰 , Li 黎 Xiaohua 晓华 , Gu 顾 Hong 泓 , Wang 王 Xinzhong 新中 , Huang 黄 Shuangwu 双武
Published: February 2023

Al1−x
In
x
N, a III-nitride semiconductor material, is currently of great research interest due to its remarkable physical properties and chemical stability. When the Al and In compositions are tuned, its band-gap energy varies from 0.7 eV to 6.2 eV, which shows great potential for application in photodetectors. Here, we report the fabrication and performance evaluation of integrated Al1−x
In
x
N on a free-standing GaN substrate through direct radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. The optical properties of Al1−x
In
x
N will be enhanced by the polarization effect of a heterostructure composed of Al1−x
In
x
N and other III-nitride materials. An Al1−x
In
x
N/GaN visible-light photodetector was prepared by semiconductor fabrication technologies such as lithography and metal deposition. The highest photoresponsivity achieved was 1.52 A⋅W−1 under 365 nm wavelength illumination and the photodetector was determined to have the composition Al0.75In0.25N/GaN. A rise time of 0.55 s was observed after transient analysis of the device. The prepared Al1−x
In
x
N visible-light photodetector had a low dark current, high photoresponsivity and fast response speed. By promoting a low-cost, simple fabrication method, this study expands the application of ternary alloy Al1−x
In
x
N visible-light photodetectors in optical communication.
A continuous constraint satisfaction problem for the rigidity transition in confluent tissues
Authors: Urbani Pierfrancesco
Published: February 2023

Models of confluent tissues are built out of tessellations of the space (both in two and three dimensions) in which the cost function is constructed in such a way that individual cells try to optimize their volume and surface in order to reach a target shape. At zero temperature, many of these models exhibit a rigidity transition that separates two phases: a liquid phase and a solid (glassy) phase. This phenomenology is now well established but the theoretical understanding is still not complete. In this work we consider an exactly soluble mean field model for the rigidity transition which is based on an abstract mapping. We replace volume and surface functions by random non-linear functions of a large number of degrees of freedom forced to be on a compact phase space. We then seek for a configuration of the degrees of freedom such that these random non-linear functions all attain the same value. This target value is a control parameter and plays the role of the target cell shape in biological tissue models. Therefore we map the microscopic models of cells to a random continuous constraint satisfaction problem with equality constraints. We argue that at zero temperature, the rigidity transition corresponds to the satisfiability transition of the problem. We also characterize both the satisfiable (SAT) and unsatisfiable (UNSAT) phase. In the SAT phase, before reaching the rigidity transition, the zero temperature SAT landscape undergoes an replica symmetry breaking (RSB)/ergodicity breaking transition of the same type as the Gardner transition in amorphous solids. By solving the RSB equations we compute the SAT/UNSAT threshold and the critical behavior around it. In the UNSAT phase we also compute the average shape index as a function of the target one and we compare the thermodynamical solution of the model with the results of the numerical greedy minimization of the corresponding cost function.
High-order harmonic generation in uniformly distributed topological edge states
Authors: Li Xiaoxue , Gu Bing , Rui Guanghao , He Jun , Cui Yiping , Zhan Qiwen
Published: February 2023

Second-harmonic generation and third-harmonic generation have been widely investigated in nonlinear topological photonics. However, due to the weak nonlinear effect and the strict phase matching condition, it is a challenge to observe the high-order harmonic generation in general bulky or periodic structures. In this work, through the design of a binary one-dimensional photonic crystal, we obtain the topological edge states (TESs) with equal frequency spacing based on the electro-optic modulation effect. The designed structure has generated the high-order harmonic waves with the nonlinear effect excited by intense femtosecond laser pulses. The uniformly distributed TESs satisfy the request of phase matching. The nonlinear sum-frequency effect combined with the unique TESs leads to high-order harmonic waves. The presented work provides a feasible scheme to generate the high-order harmonic waves from the simple 1D structure.
Photon superbunching in cathodoluminescence of excitons in WS2monolayer
Authors: Fiedler Saskia , Morozov Sergii , Iliushyn Leonid , Boroviks Sergejs , Thomaschewski Martin , Wang Jianfang , Booth Timothy J , Stenger Nicolas , Wolff Christian , Mortensen N Asger
Published: February 2023

Cathodoluminescence spectroscopy in conjunction with second-order auto-correlation measurements ofg2(τ)allows to extensively study the synchronization of photon emitters in low-dimensional structures. Co-existing excitons in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers provide a great source of identical photon emitters which can be simultaneously excited by an electron. Here, we demonstrate large photon bunching withg2(0)up to156±16of a tungsten disulfide monolayer (WS2), exhibiting a strong dependence on the electron-beam current. To further improve the excitation synchronization and the electron-emitter interaction, we show exemplary that the careful selection of a simple and compact geometry—a thin, monocrystalline gold nanodisk—can be used to realize a record-high bunchingg2(0)of up to2152±236. This approach to control the electron excitation of excitons in a WS2monolayer allows for the synchronization of photon emitters in an ensemble, which is important to further advance light information and computing technologies.
Machine learning methods reveal processes affecting abundance at multiple scales. A commentary on ‘Global and regional drivers of abundance patterns in the hart’s tongue fern complex (Aspleniaceae)’
Authors: Nitta Joel H
Published: February 2023

This article comments on:

Namjoo Heo, Donald J. Leopold, Mark V. Lomolino, Seona Yun and Danilo D. Fernando. Global and regional drivers of abundance patterns in the hart’s tongue fern complex (Aspleniaceae), Annals of Botany, Volume 131, Issue 5, 11 April 2023, Pages 737–750, https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcac129
Fine temporal brain network structure modularizes and localizes differently in men and women: insights from a novel explainability framework
Authors: Lewis Noah , Miller Robyn , Gazula Harshvardhan , Calhoun Vince
Published: February 2023

Deep learning has become an effective tool for classifying biological sex based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). However, research on what features within the brain are most relevant to this classification is still lacking. Model interpretability has become a powerful way to understand “black box” deep-learning models, and select features within the input data that are most relevant to the correct classification. However, very little work has been done employing these methods to understand the relationship between the temporal dimension of functional imaging signals and the classification of biological sex. Consequently, less attention has been paid to rectifying problems and limitations associated with feature explanation models, e.g. underspecification and instability. In this work, we first provide a methodology to limit the impact of underspecification on the stability of the measured feature importance. Then, using intrinsic connectivity networks from fMRI data, we provide a deep exploration of sex differences among functional brain networks. We report numerous conclusions, including activity differences in the visual and cognitive domains and major connectivity differences.
Can an operation provide superior outcomes for corrected transposition of the great arteries with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction? A multi-institutional study
Authors: Liu Rui , Luo Kai , Chen Xinxin , Ma Kai , Zhang Hao , Li Shoujun
Published: February 2023

OBJECTIVES

Our goal was to evaluate the risk-adjusted effects of operative and non-operative repair on long-term outcomes in patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (CCTGA/LVOTO).

METHODS

We retrospectively reviewed 391 patients with CCTGA/LVOTO from 2001 to 2020 (operative group, 282; non-operative group, 109) in 3 centres in China. The operative group included 73 patients who underwent anatomical repair and 209 patients who underwent non-anatomical repair. The median follow-up time was 8.5 years. The inverse probability of treatment weighted-adjusted Cox regression and a Kaplan–Meier analysis were used to evaluate long-term outcomes.

RESULTS

Operative repair did not reduce the hazard ratio (HR) of death, tricuspid regurgitation or New York Heart Association functional class III/IV, but a significantly increased HR was observed for pulmonary valve regurgitation [HR, 2.84; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.10–7.33; P = 0.031]. Compared with that in the non-operative group, anatomical repair resulted in significantly increased HRs for death (HR, 2.94; 95% CI, 1.10–7.87; P = 0.032) and pulmonary valve regurgitation (HR, 9.71; 95% CI, 3.66–25.77; P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that in patients with CCTGA/LVOTO with moderate or worse tricuspid regurgitation (≥ moderate), anatomical repair significantly reduced the HR of death. An inverse probability of treatment weighting-adjusted Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the survival rates at 5 and 10 days postoperatively were 88.2 ± 4.0% and 79.0 ± 7.9%, respectively, in the anatomical repair group; these rates were significantly lower than the rates in the non-operative group (95.4 ± 2.0% and 91.8 ± 2.8%; P = 0.032).

CONCLUSIONS

For patients with CCTGA/LVOTO, operative repair does not provide superior long-term outcomes, and anatomical repair results in a higher incidence of death. However, in patients with CCTGA/LVOTO with tricuspid regurgitation ≥ moderate, anatomical repair can reduce the risk of death in the long term.
A sexually selected male weapon characterized by strong additive genetic variance and no evidence for sexually antagonistic polyphenic maintenance
Authors: Parrett Jonathan M , Łukasiewicz Aleksandra , Chmielewski Sebastian , Szubert-Kruszyńska Agnieszka , Maurizio Paul L , Grieshop Karl , Radwan Jacek
Published: February 2023

Sexual selection and sexual antagonism are important drivers of eco-evolutionary processes. The evolution of traits shaped by these processes depends on their genetic architecture, which remains poorly studied. Here, implementing a quantitative genetics approach using diallel crosses of the bulb mite, Rhizoglyphus robini, we investigated the genetic variance that underlies a sexually selected weapon that is dimorphic among males and female fecundity. Previous studies indicated that a negative genetic correlation between these two traits likely exists. We found male morph showed considerable additive genetic variance, which is unlikely to be explained solely by mutation-selection balance, indicating the likely presence of large-effect loci. However, a significant magnitude of inbreeding depression also indicates that morph expression is likely to be condition-dependent to some degree and that deleterious recessives can simultaneously contribute to morph expression. Female fecundity also showed a high degree of inbreeding depression, but the variance in female fecundity was mostly explained by epistatic effects, with very little contribution from additive effects. We found no significant genetic correlation, nor any evidence for dominance reversal, between male morph and female fecundity. The complex genetic architecture underlying male morph and female fecundity in this system has important implications for our understanding of the evolutionary interplay between purifying selection and sexually antagonistic selection.
Facilitators of peer leader retention within a Type 2 diabetes intervention trial for US Latinos/Hispanics of Mexican origin
Authors: Ayala G X , Canale K , Ibarra L , Parada H , Crespo N C , Pérez R , Horton L A , Cherrington A
Published: February 2023

Peer support is effective in improving self-management behaviors and health outcomes among individuals with Type 2 diabetes. Volunteer peer support programs offer a cost-effective resource for diabetes self-management support; however, factors affecting the retention of volunteer peer leaders remain understudied. Herein, we examined factors associated with volunteer retention and satisfaction among 34 predominantly Mexican-origin peer leaders who assisted patients from a Federally Qualified Health Center located on the US/Mexico border with their diabetes management. Peer leaders completed surveys with open- and close-ended questions at baseline, 6 months and 12 months. Quantitative and qualitative data analyses were guided by the Volunteer Process Model. Using nonparametric Mann–Whitney U tests, self-efficacy as a peer leader at 6 months was most associated with interest to continue volunteering (P = 0.01), and satisfaction with support from the program at 12 months was most associated with interest to continue volunteering (P = 0.01). The qualitative data indicated that the relationship between the peer leaders and their patients was the primary factor for a satisfying volunteer experience. Future research should focus on increasing peer leaders’ self-efficacy and satisfaction with program support and examine how organizations can support the development of the patient–peer relationship. Practitioners should consider appealing to volunteer peers’ motivations to promote their retention.
A class of regularizations based on nonlinear isotropic diffusion for inverse problems
Authors: Hahn Bernadette N , Rigaud Gaël , Schmähl Richard
Published: February 2023

Building on the well-known total variation, this paper develops a general regularization technique based on nonlinear isotropic diffusion (NID) for inverse problems with piecewise smooth solutions. The novelty of our approach is to be adaptive (we speak of A-NID), i.e., the regularization varies during the iterates in order to incorporate prior information on the edges, deal with the evolution of the reconstruction and circumvent the limitations due to the nonconvexity of the proposed functionals. After a detailed analysis of the convergence and well-posedness of the method, the latter is validated by simulations performed on synthetic and real data on computerized tomography.