bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular Response to Core Stability Exercises on Swiss Ball and Floor in Hypertensive Individuals
Authors: Malavia Bharvi , Shah Sweety
Published: February 2022

Background: Hypertension is one of the most important modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Core stability exercises are common exercises prescribed to individuals who wish to strengthen abdominals. Swiss ball exercises will produce isotonic as well as isometric contraction in muscles. Isometric contraction of muscles will produce lot of physiological changes. Dynamic exercises also produce modest effect on arterial blood pressures. This study aims to compare and determine the effectiveness of two core stability exercises on Swiss ball and floor exercises on cardiovascular parameters in hypertensive individuals.
Method: A total of 30 hypertensive individuals participated in the study. They were divided in 2 groups: Group-A and Group-B. Baseline measurement of cardiovascular parameters i.e. systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) was recorded using sphygmomanometer and heart rate(HR) using pulse oximeter. Both group A and B performed 4 types of core stability exercises i.e. curl-ups, bridging, side planks and front planks on Swiss ball and Floor mat respectively. Each exercise was done for 10 repetitions with 10 seconds hold of 3 sets for 3 days a week for 6 weeks. Blood pressure and heart rate was measured again at end of 6 weeks.
Result: Paired t-test suggested significant improvement on cardiovascular responses in both groups. Unpaired t-test showed significant improvement in cardiovascular parameters of group A when compared to group B after core stability exercises (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The study concludes that core stability exercises have significant improvement on cardiovascular responses in both groups. However, group A showed better improvement compared to group B.

Key words: Hypertension, Core stability, Cardiovascular responses, Swiss ball exercises.
A Study to Assess the Effect of Hot Water Foot Bath Therapy on the Quality of Sleep among Elderly Patients Admitted in Hanagal Shree Kumareshwar Hospital and Research Centre, Bagalkot
Authors: Bagalkote Asha , U B Vanitha , Natekar Deelip S
Published: February 2022

Background of the Study: Sleep is the basic need of every human being and it is the universal biological process for all human beings. Sleep trouble is one of the most common current manifestations among elders.
Objectives

To assess the quality of sleep among elderly patients in both control and experimental group
To determine the effectiveness of hot water foot bath therapy by comparing post interventional quality of sleep scores between experimental and control groups.
Method: True experimental research design with 2 group design was used. The total 50 subjects were selected through convenient sampling technique divided into 2 groups; 25each as experimental and control groups assigned through simple randomized sampling. Data was collected by means of structured questionnaire by interview schedule and the tool used was PSQI tool. Data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistical in terms of mean, frequency distribution, percentage, t test and Fisher’s exact test.
Results: In overall pre-test mean scores was 2.12±0.23 (21.22%) in the experimental group and in the control group, overall pre-test mean score was 1.18±0.337(11.88%). The pre test Knowledge score was not Statistically Significant between the Experimental and control group. T value (r=1.076) was higher than p value (0.647): H1 is accepted hence hot water foot bath therapy was effective. Fisher’s exact test was revealed that with the pre and post test scores were statistically not significant in both the groups.
Conclusion: The study proved that hot water foot bath therapy on quality of sleep among elderly patients attending the OPD and IPD is scientific, logical and cost-effective strategy.

Keywords: Effectiveness, Quality of Sleep, foot bath therapy, elderly patients.
Analisis Pengaruh Refluks dan Jumlah Tray Kolom Distilasi Dalam Proses Purifikasi Green Diesel
Authors: Oktavia Tania , Kurniawan Lutpi Dwi , Zikri Ahmad , Erlinawati Erlinawati , Ridwan K.A
Published: February 2022

Green Diesel merupakan salah satu sumber energi alternatif yang dapat diperbaharui dan mampu mengurangi ketergantungan energi nasional terhadap energi fosil. Hal ini dikarenakan green diesel dapat diproduksi dari minyak nabati dan limbah seperti minyak jelantah dengan proses hidrogenasi trigliserida menggunakan reaktor hydrotreating. Secara karakteristik minyak jelantah dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan green diesel karena mengandung trigliserida dan asam lemak bebas. Namun dari hasil green diesel yang diproduksi masih banyak mengandung fraksi selain diesel, sehingga masih perlu dilakukan proses pemisahan. Proses pemisahan yang dilakukan yaitu dengan menggunakan kolom distilasi bubble cap tray. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan 2 kali percobaan yaitu distilasi menggunakan refluks dan distilasi tanpa refluks dengan variasi masing-masing jumlah tray (1,2,3, dan 4 tray) menggunakan 1500 ml crude green diesel dengan temperatur boiler 260 , temperatur kondensor dan refluks 10 . Waktu operasi yang digunakan 90 menit pada tiap variasi. Dari hasil penelitian, diperoleh kondisi optimum proses distilasi green diesel yaitu distilasi dengan refluks pada tray 1. Adapun hasil analisa karakteristik distilat berupa green diesel yaitu densitas sebesar 0,815 – 0,830 gr/cm3, viskositas kinematik sebesar sebesar 2,70 – 2,72 mm2/s, titik nyala sebesar 55 – 57,8oC, nilai kalor sebesar 44,95 MJ/kg atau 10736,4051 Cal/gr, dan cetane number sebesar 100,7 CN. Dari hasil analisa tersebut produk green diesel yang dihasilkan telah memenuhi standar Green Diesel European Standards EN15940:2016/A1:2018.
Efektivitas Kurikulum Terpadu Dalam Peningkatan Prestasi Belajar Siswa di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Nuraini Maudy , Ega Septi , Kristiana Risal , Ghafar Firdaus Abdul , Aeni Ani Nur
Published: February 2022

Dalam sebuah pendidikan antara manusia dengan pendidikan tidak bisa dipisahkan. Manusia memiliki akal yang pada hakikatnya untuk memperoleh pendidikan. Pendidikan merupakan usaha untuk mempersiapkan peserta didik agar mampu meningkatkan kualitas hidupnya dengan baik. Di dalam lembaga formal seperti sekolah pendidikan berpatokan pada kurikulum yang diberlakukan. Kurikulum merupakan suatu pedoman yang memiliki kedudukan yang penting untuk pendidikan. Kurikulum yang dibuat oleh pemerintah sebagai landasan yang selalu diperbaharui tiap beberapa tahun sekali guna mengikuti proses perkembangan dan tuntutan dari lembaga pendidikan. Kurikulum terpadu merupakan kurikulum yang bercirikan dengan mengintegrasikan sejumlah mata pelajaran melalui keterkaitan diantara tujuan, isi, keterampilan dan sikap yang mana tidak terpisah-pisah. Dengan adanya kurikulum terpadu diharapkan dapat memajukan kualitas pendidikan di sekolah. Pada faktanya masih terdapat kekurangan dalam penerapan kurikulum terpadu dengan hal tersebut penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat keefektivan kurikulum terpadu dalam peningkatan prestasi belajar siswa di sekolah dasar. Dengan responden sebanyak 30 orang, yaitu guru SD yang ada di Kecamatan Sumedang Utara, Kabupaten Sumedang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan berupa survei dengan instrument berupa google form. Dalam hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa guru SD di sumedang menyetujui keefektivan belajar siswa di sekolah walaupun masih ada dampak negatif dari penerapan kurikulum terpadu untuk pemahaman siswanya.
Menelaah Eksistensi Lembaga Pendidikan Islam (MI, Mts, dan MA) di Indonesia
Authors: Sandiko Sandiko
Published: February 2022

Pada tataran filosofis dan praksis pendidikan Islam di Indonesia tak luput dari bermacam persoalan baik yang bersifat akut maupun faktual. Persoalan akut seperti diskursus yang tak kunjung usai antara ilmu agama dan ilmu umum. Sementara problema faktual lebih terkait pada masalah-masalah teknis implementatif pelaksanaan pendidikan Islam. adapun Peta pendidikan Islam lebih banyak meliputi pada lembaga pendidikaan keagamaan yakni pembahasan problematika pendidikan Islam lebih dititik beratkan pada hambatan terjadi di lembaga yang bercirikan Islam terutama tingkat sekolah dasar hingga menengah yakni Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Madrasah Tsanawiyah dan Madrasah Aliyah. Karena itu pembahasan jurnal ini akan lebih fokus membahas tentang Bagaimana sejarah lembaga pendidikan islam dan perkembangan madrasah di indonesia? Bagaimana Madrasah dan pendidikan agama Islam mengaktualisasikan peserta didik dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat? Dan Perkembangan Madrasah MI, MTs & MA serta Eksistensinya? Sehingga dapat diketahui bagaimana sesungguhnya eksistensi lembaga pendidikan islam yang berbasis madrasah di Indonesia.
Impact of Music on Emotional State and its Management in Youth
Authors: Veigas Fr. Dominic , Panchal Ishita
Published: February 2022

At all times we are exposed to a vast variety of sounds consciously or unconsciously, affecting our moods and emotional states. Music has been found to be an effective state management strategy through self-selection and will to alter our mood. The present study explores the effect of unconscious auditory introjections on mood and its management through self-selection. 30 participants were instructed to imagine a past event in their lives expressing specific emotions. The three instructed emotions were anxious, sad and angry. Different expressive music were used including calming, soothing as well as high tempo amped up soundtracks. Immediate verbal responses from the participants during the experiment regarding the study were taken into account. A self-report questionnaire (mDES) was used to assess the impact of music on mood on the basis of positive and negative emotions experienced. The results showed self-reported positive emotions were significantly higher as compared to negative emotions. No significant differences were found between males and females. The study also explored consciously selected music as a strategy for mood management. Implications and further studies suggestions were also discussed.
Oil Revenue and Economic Growth of Nigeria: 1990 – 2019
Authors: Ebimobowei Appah
Published: February 2022

The oil and gas business in Nigeria has brought unparalleled fluctuations to the Nigerian economy, mostly in the past five decades after it substituted agriculture as the basis of the Nigerian economy. This study investigated the relationship between oil revenue and economic growth in Nigeria. It spanned through the period 1990 through 2019. The specific objectives are to investigate the relationship between crude oil/gas export, petroleum profit tax/royalty, domestic crude oil sales, oil licensing fees on real gross domestic product and real gross national product in Nigeria. And also, ascertain whether the exchange rate moderates the relationship between oil revenue and economic growth in Nigeria. The study employed an ex post facto research design and the secondary data used for the investigation were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin, Federal Inland Revenue Service Fact Book and the World Bank Development Website. Descriptive Statistics, Pearson Moment Correlation Coefficient and Ordinary Least Square Multiple Regression Statistical tools were used in the study. The results revealed that Crude oil/gas export has a significant and negative relationship with the real gross domestic product in Nigeria; Petroleum profit tax/royalty has a significant and positive relationship with real gross domestic in Nigeria; Domestic crude oil sales have an insignificant and negative relationship with real gross domestic product in Nigeria; Oil licensing fees have an insignificant and negative relationship with real gross domestic product in Nigeria; The study concluded that there is a significant relationship between oil revenue and economic growth in Nigeria. The study recommends that the government should effectively and efficiently utilize the oil fund in strategic development projects so as to reduce the rate of poverty and facilitate economic growth.
Capacity Development-oriented Service Delivery Structures and Programmes: Case Study of a Mineral-rich District Municipality
Authors: Mphahlele Dr Matuku , Zandamela Horacio Lucas
Published: February 2022

Bojanala Platinum District Municipality (BPDM), in the North-West Province, South Africa, is endowed with an extractive economy. The District experiences challenges of capacity development of service delivery structures and programmes. It is in this context that this paper examines how local government responses to challenges of capacity development and explores ways in which organisational structures and programmes can be used to overcome these challenges for enhanced service delivery. The theoretical framing of this study underpins capacity development as an enabler of service delivery and incorporates human capital, performance improvement and collaborative participation in the context of local government. The research employed a single case qualitative research approach with a component of descriptive statistics and a sample of 30 municipal senior managers and a social development mine manager. Key findings are that organisational learning and skills development play important roles in enhancing the capacity development of service delivery structures and programmes. It is against these findings that the study recommends the creation of supportive monitoring and evaluation systems to advance the strengthening of functional hybrid governance structures and an organic communication model within a transparent and accountable administrative-political environment.
DESKRIPSI MODEL PENYELESAIAN KONFLIK AGAMA BUDDHA (STUDI TENTANG PENYELESAIAN KONFLIK UMAT THERAVADA DAN BUDDHAYANA DI DUSUN LENEK DESA BENTEK KECAMATAN GANGGA KABUPATEN LOMBOK UTARA)
Authors: Ayuniwati  , Tri Yatno  , Prihadi Dwi Hatmono
Published: February 2022

Kasus konflik intern agama Buddha yang terjadi di Dusun Lenek Desa Bentek Kecamatan Gangga Kabupaten Lombok Utara. Konflik yang terjadi seperti gesekan umat Theravada dengan umat Buddhayana. Konflik tersebut adalah bukti bahwa dalam internal agama Buddha terjadi gesekan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan pola penyelesaian konflik antar umat Theravada dengan umat Buddhayana dan menerapkan pola penyelesaian konflik antar umat Theravada dengan Buddhayana di Dusun Lenek. Jenis penelitian menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan reduksi data, display data, dan kesimpulan. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah tokoh agama, tokoh masyarakat dan umat Buddha di Dusun Lenek. Objek dalam penelitian adalah kasus konflik yang terjadi antara umat Theravada dan Buddhayana di Dusun Lenek. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pola penyelesaian konflik yang diterapkan oleh umat Theravada dan Buddhayana adalah (a) sikap toleransi, mengembangkan sikap toleransi disini adalah adanya sikap saling menghargai dan menghormati. (b) Adanya sikap yang mau berdamai, dengan tidak mengembangkan sikap kemarahan dan kebencian. (c) mengembangkan sikap yang mau bekerjasma dalam hal apapun untuk mengembangkan agama Buddha ataupun mengembangkan Dusun Lenek.
PENGARUH POTENSI DIRI, LINGKUNGAN SOSIAL DAN KEAKTIFAN BERORGANISASI TERHADAP KEPRIBADIAN GENERASI MUDA BUDDHIS DI KABUPATEN JEPARA
Authors: Dewi Ana Puji Rahayu  , Prihadi Dwi Hatmono  , Tri Yatno
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh langsung potensi diri terhadap keaktifan berorganisasi, pengaruh langsung lingkungan sosial terhadap keaktifan berorganisasi, pengaruh langsung keaktifan berorganisasi terhadap kepribadian, pengaruh langsung potensi diri terhadap kepribadian, pengaruh langsung lingkungan sosial terhadap kepribadian, pengaruh tidak langsung potensi diri terhadap kepribadian melalui keaktifan berorganisasi, dan pengaruh tidak langsung lingkungan sosial terhadap kepribadian melalui keaktifan berorganisasi. Obyek penelitian adalah generasi muda Buddhis di Kabupaten Jepara.Metode penelitian ini adalah menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode survey. Jenis sampel stratified random sampling, yaitu 50 responden dari 120 populasi. Teknik pengumpulan data dari kuesioner, wawancara, dan observasi sebagai data primer. Sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh melalui dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan analisis jalur atau Path Analisis. Validitas data menggunakan uji instrumen kepada generasi muda Buddhis di Kabupaten Pati.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pengaruh langsung potensi diri terhadap keaktifan berorganisasi adalah 0,624, pengaruh langsung lingkungan sosial terhadap keaktifan berorganisasi adalah 0,284, pengaruh langsung keaktifan berorganisasi terhadap kepribadian adalah 0,531, pengaruh langsung potensi diri terhadap kepribadian adalah 0,244, pengaruh langsung lingkungan sosial terhadap kepribadian adalah 0,228, pengaruh tidak langsung potensi diri terhadap kepribadian melalui keaktifan berorganisasi adalah 0,331344, pengaruh tidak langsung lingkungan sosial terhadap kepribadian melalui keaktifan berorganisasi adalah 0,150804. Kepribadian generasi muda Buddhis di Kabupaten Jepara dipengaruhi oleh potensi diri, lingkungan sosial, keaktifan berorganisasi dan kepribadian.
KOMUNIKASI DALAM NEGOSIASI POLITIK BREXIT
Authors: Kaukab M. Elfan , Wiji Yuwono
Published: February 2022

Hasil referendum Brexit, terkait tetap bergabung atau berpisahnya Inggris dari Uni Eropa, telah menimbulkan turbulensi politik maupun ekonomi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis bagaimana komunikasi yang dilakukan dalam proses negosiasi antar aktor politik dalam menyelesaikan masalh Brexit. Hasil dari referendum Brexit diumumkan 51,9% suara menginginkan Britania Raya untuk keluar dari Uni Eropa dan 48,1% mendukung Britania Raya untuk tetap tergabung dalam Uni Eropa. Konsekuensi dai komunikasi negosiasi politik yang terjadi yaitu Inggris akan kehilangan semua hak suara dan pengaruhnya Uni Eropa selama waktu itu, tetapi hak lainnya akan tetap sama, termasuk hak warga negara Eropa untuk tinggal dan bekerja di Inggris, pengawasan pengadilan Uni Eropa, dan pembayaran anggaran. Hubungan di masa yang akan datang masih harus dinegosiasikan secara penuh, tetapi Inggris dan UE bertujuan untuk menetapkan “kawasan perdagangan bebas" sebagai hubungan masa depan yang akan datang.
KONSTRUKSI SOSIAL REALITAS MASYARAKAT INDONESIA DI TENGAH KONTEN PENYIARAN TELEVISI YANG JAKARTASENTRIS
Authors: Fernardo Eric
Published: February 2022

Konten penyiaran televisi di Indonesia tersentralisasi pada berita Jakarta, gaya hidup Jakarta, maupun tata bahasa tentang Jakarta. Agar dapat menghasilkan keuntungan, stasiun televisi bersama-sama menyajikan siaran yang Jakartasentris untuk mengejar rating yang bias Jakarta dan secara ironis keuntungan tersebut hanya dinikmati oleh sebagian besar industri televisi yang berkantor di Jakarta. Dominasi konten Jakartasentris ini harus disaksikan oleh seluruh penduduk Indonesia secara berulang-ulang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pisau analisa konstruksi sosial realitas dan teori kultivasi menemukan bahwa konten penyiaran yang Jakartasentris membentuk sosial realitas antara lain masyarakat luar Jakarta merasa bahwa bergaya Jakarta itu keren dan prestise sementara masyarakat Jakarta menilai bahwa orang yang tidak bergaya Jakarta sebagai kampungan ataupun aneh.
PENILAIAN AUTENTIK DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB
Authors: Kaukab M. Elfan
Published: February 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui faktor pendukung dan faktor penghambat guru dalam menerapkan penilaian autentik,  serta mengetahui hasil penilaian autentik dalam pembelajaran bahasa arab. Aktivitas dalam analisis data yaitu data reduction, data display, dan conclusion drawing/verification. Penilaian autentik dalam pembelajaran bahasa arab kelas IV MI Ma’arif Kalibeber Wonosobo sudah cukup efektif. Pelaksanaan penilaian autentik dalam pembelajaran bahasa arab kelas IV di MI Ma’arif Kalibeber Wonosobo memiliki beberapa faktor yang mendukung diantaranya kegiatan belajar siswa yang menyenangkan, alat peraga yang terpenuhi, kesiapan siswa dan guru serta waktu yang pas. Sedangkan faktor yang menghambat pelaksanaan penilaian autentik diantaranya peserta didik yang kurang disiplin dalam mengikuti pelajaran, peserta didik yang kurang kemampuannya dalam hal pemahaman, belum bisa membaca bahasa arab dan memahami arti.
CANDI BOROBUDUR SEBAGAI FENOMENA SAKRAL PROFAN Agama dan Pariwisata Perspektif Strukturalisme Levi Strauss
Authors: Tri Yatno
Published: February 2022

Dualisme fungsi Candi Borobudur sebagai salah satu dampak modernitas. Candi Borobudur sebagai tempat praktik keagamaan sekaligus pariwisata. Hal ini  menjadi fenomena sosial budaya dalam konteks sakral profan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui fenomena Candi Borobudur dalam praktik keagamaan dan pariwisata perspektif strukturalisme Levi Strauss. Metode penelitian menggunakan analisis struktural. Analisis struktural Levi Strauss tidak hanya mengungkap makna yang terkandung dalam simbol, namun juga mengungkapkan logika dibalik makna.  Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa: lembaga keagamaan dan pariwisata dalam melihat Candi Borobudur dalam perspektif yang berbeda, baik dari segi aktor, langue, parole, mytheme, oposisi biner, order,  paradigmati, sintagmatik, dan tranformasi. Dualisme fungsi Candi Borobudur yaitu candi memiliki sistem tanda masing-masing, yakni dalam ruang lingkup spiritual maupaun keduniawian. Candi Borobudur bagi umat Buddha sebagai tempat melaksanakan praktik keagamaan, seperti ritual  keagamaan dan dhammayatra. Bagi wisatawan Candi Borobudur sebagai ruang rekreasi yang mengutamakan pemuasan napsu selera, dan bagi industri pariwisata Candi Borobudur sebagai ruang  ekonomi.
PERSEPSI ETNIS TIONGHOA TERHADAP PEMBERITAAN MEDIA TELEVISI TENTANG KANDIDAT CALON PRESIDEN DAN WAKIL PRESIDEN PEMILU 2019
Authors: Sutrisno
Published: February 2022

Pertarungan politik menjadi sebuah kajian penelitian yang sangat menarik untuk dikaji dengan berbagai bidang ilmu untuk mengetahui dan melihat bagaimana perkembangan politik yang ada di Indonesia. Indonesia memiliki keberagaman yang begitu besar dan memiliki etnis yang juga menjadi bagian dari pertarungan politik yang melibatkan masyarakat dengan berbagai etnis, penelitian ini menitik beratkan bagaimana persepsi etnis Tionghoa yang ada di wilayah Surakarta Khususnya di Tempat Ibadah Tridharma Poo An Kiong berkaitan dengan pemberitaan Media Televisi berkaitan dengan Kandidat Calon Presiden dan Wakil Presiden tahun 2019. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan Kualitatif yang melihat bagaimana persepsi Etnis Tionghoa berkaitan dengan Pemberitaan kandidat yang di beritakan oleh media televisi. Study kalayak digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan pertimbangan melihat kedalaman kalayak dalam menangkap berita dan mempersepsikan pemikirannya dari apa yang dilihat dan didengar. Hasil dalam penelitian ini adalah pada tahun 2019 animo masayarakat khususnya warga keturunan Tionghoa memiliki antusisias yang sangat tinggi berkaitan dengan berita calon kandidat Presiden dan wakil Presiden tahun 2019, hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil wawancara yang dilakukan serta observasi, yang menunjukan persepsi serta pandangan Warga keturunan Tionghoa yang paham tentang kandidat yang akan bertarung pada kontestasi Pemilu tahun 2019.
KEMASYARAKATAN BUDDHIS SEBAGAI BENTUK STRUKTUR DALAM AGAMA BUDDHA
Authors: Situ Asih
Published: February 2022

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membahas bagaimana struktur kemasyarakatan Buddhis dan bagaimana transformasi kemasyarakatan Buddhis. Sebuah penelitian kajian budaya dengan pendekatan sosial kritis, yang teknik analisisnya dengan deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa lahirnya sosial kemasyarakatan Buddhis diawali oleh ajaran Buddha, bahwa untuk menjalani kehidupan, manusia dihadapkan pada 2 pilihan kehidupan, yakni kehidupan sebagai Pabbajita dan kehidupan Gharavasa. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka dapat dijelaskan bahwa secara otomatis, struktur kemasyarakatan umat Buddha telah terbentuk. Secara langsung telah lahir oposisi Binner seperti yang telah disampaikan oleh Strauss, ada kehidupan perumah tangga dan ada kehidupan Pabbajita. Pabbajita adalah para Bhikkhu dan Bhikkhuni yang menjalankan Sila dan terlatih dalam hal pengendalian diri, dengan begitu maka layak seorang Pabbajita mendapatkan penghormatan dari masyarakat.
LINGUISTICS ANALYSIS: FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE USED IN ROBERT FROST’S POEM
Authors: Fahas Rida , Husaini Rizqi , Puput Jianggimahastu L.S  , Dedy Richi R
Published: February 2022

This research aims to find out the most dominant figurative language that usedin poems of Robert Frost.This study includes to qualitative research with a objective approach to analyze the poems of Robert Frost‟s selected poems. The sources of data is obtained in this study by looking for books and internet that contains about literature and poetry. The writer uses note taking method in the collection of data that is by reading, writing and looking for poems of Robert Frost‟s selected poems related to the formulation of the problems. The technique of analysis of the data is by reading, identifying, understanding, finding, and making conclusion every poems which is analyzed from the poems of Robert Frost‟s selected poems related to the formulation of the problems in the study.The results of the study shows that the most dominant figurative language in the selected poems are two Metaphor, eleven personification, four symbol, three hyperbole, and one repetition. So, it can be coclude that this selected poems are dominate by “Personification”.
MAKNA SIMBOLIK MAKNA SIMBOLIK TRADISI SEDEKAH BUMI DI DESA MEDANI KECAMATAN CLUWAK KABUPATEN PATI
Authors: Heri Heri , Situ Asih  , Marjianto
Published: February 2022

Sedekah Bumi tradition is one of rituals traditional society in Java that has been going for generations from the ancestors’ Javanese people. The purpose of this study is to describe the process implementation of Sedekah Bumi Tradition, it carryout by society of Medani, Cluwak Pati. This research was a descriptive qualitative research. Data collection methods were through observation, interviews, and documentation, and the technique of validity the data through triangulation techniques. The location of this research is in Medani, Cluwak, Pati. This research was carried out from March to August 2021. Several processions are carried out in Sedekah Bumi Tradition (kabumi), namely Manganan, Kondangan, Mbangun tumbal, art and closings. The results of this study shows that the symbols that exist in Sedekah Bumi tradition as a tribute to the almighty. The symbolic meanings in Sedekah Bumi is interpreting human nature and teach virtue. The relevance of Sedekah Bumi tradition in Buddhism is existence of moral values as contained in the Buddhist’ Pancasila, harmony and love.
Emergence of influenza B/Victoria in the Micronesian US-affiliated Pacific Islands, spring 2019
Authors: O'Connor Stephanie , Hancock W. Thane , Ada Estelle , Baza Christine , Aguon Annette , Cruz Doris , Johnson Eliaser , Mallari Allan , McCready Jill , Niedenthal Jack , Pobutsky Ann , Santos Anne Marie , Santos Jose Villagomez , Sasamoto Jeremy , Tomokane Portia , Villagomez Warren , White Paul , Anzures Edlen
Published: February 2022

Data collected through routine syndromic surveillance for influenza-like illness in the Micronesian United States-affiliated Pacific Islands highlighted out-of-season influenza outbreaks in the spring of 2019. This report describes the data collected through the World Health Organization’s Pacific Syndromic Surveillance System for the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), Guam, the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) and the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI). Compared with historical data, more cases of influenza-like illness were observed in all four islands described here, with the highest number reported in Guam in week 9, CNMI and FSM in week 15, and RMI in week 19. The outbreaks predominantly affected those aged <20 years, with evidence from CNMI and RMI suggesting higher attack rates among those who were unvaccinated. Cases confirmed by laboratory testing suggested that influenza B was predominant, with 83% (99/120) of subtyped specimens classified as influenza B/Victoria during January–May 2019. These outbreaks occurred after the usual influenza season and were consistent with transmission patterns in Eastern Asia rather than those in Oceania or the United States of America, the areas typically associated with the United States-affiliated Pacific Islands due to their geographical proximity to Oceania and political affiliation with the United States of America. A plausible epidemiological route of introduction may be the high levels of international tourism from Eastern Asian countries recorded during these periods of increased influenza B/Victoria circulation. This report demonstrates the value of year-round surveillance for communicable diseases and underscores the importance of seasonal influenza vaccination, particularly among younger age groups.
Virological characteristics of cases of COVID-19 in northern Viet Nam, January–May 2020
Authors: Nguyen Hang Khanh Le , Nguyen Son Vu , Hoang Phuong Mai Vu , Thi Le Thanh , Nguyen Long Hai Pham , Pham Thai Quang , Nguyen Thuy Thanh , Dang Anh Duc , Nguyen Anh Phuong , Quynh Le Mai thi , Tran Huong thi Thu
Published: February 2022

Background: Viet Nam confirmed its first case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on 23 January 2020 among travellers from Wuhan, China, and experienced several clusters of community transmission until September. Viet Nam implemented an aggressive testing, isolation, contact tracing and quarantine strategy in response to all laboratory-confirmed cases. We report the results of SARS-CoV-2 testing during the first half of 2020 in northern Viet Nam. Methods: Between January and May 2020, 15 650 upper respiratory tract specimens were collected from 14 470 suspected cases and contacts in northern Viet Nam. All were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time RT-PCR. Individuals with positive specimens were tested every three days until two tests were negative. Positive specimens from 81 individuals were cultured. Results: Among 14 470 tested individuals, 158 (1.1%) cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were confirmed; 89 were imported and 69 were associated with community transmission. Most patients (122, 77%) had negative results after two tests, while 11 and 4 still tested positive when sampled a third and fourth time, respectively. SARS-CoV-2 was isolated from 29 of 81 specimens (36%) with a cycle threshold (Ct) value <30. Seven patients who tested positive again after testing negative had Ct values >30 and negative cultures. Conclusion: Early, widespread testing for SARS-CoV-2 in northern Viet Nam identified very few cases, which, when combined with other aggressive strategies, may have dramatically contained the epidemic. We observed rapid viral clearance and very few positive results after clearance. Large-scale molecular diagnostic testing is a critical part of early detection and containment of COVID-19 in Viet Nam and will remain necessary until vaccination is widely implemented.
Pelatihan Aplikasi Geogebra Android bagi Guru MGMP Matematika SMA Kabupaten Barito Kuala
Authors: Lazwardi Ahmad , Nurmeidina Rahmatya , Ilmi Akhmad , Monica Siska
Published: February 2022

Dalam pembelajaran matematika, siswa memerlukan suatu media berbasis teknologi yang dapat mewakili intuisinya dalam memahami suatu konsep matematis. Tujuan dari pengabdian ini adalah untuk menyosialisasikan Geogebra Android sebagai aplikasi open source untuk memvisualisasikan grafik fungsi dengan sangat akurat dan simpel kepada MGMP Matematika SMA Kabupaten Barito Kuala. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah metode pelatihan. Hasil dari pelatihan ini adalah peserta pelatihan dapat menggunakan aplikasi Geogebra dalam pembelajaran matematika. Dengan penggunaan aplikasi dalam pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan minat dan pemahaman siswa.
THE LEVEL OF MOTHER’S KNOWLEDGE ON THE USE OF ZINC IN TODDLERS WITH DIARRHEA IN KARANG PRING HAMLET, RW 01, SUMBER JERUK VILLAGE
Authors: Rashati Dewi -
Published: February 2022

Diarrhea is influenced by several factors, including environmental conditions, community behavior, community services, nutrition, population, education which includes knowledge, and socio-economic conditions. Diarrhea is defecation in the form of liquid more than three times in one day and lasts for two or more days. The cause of diarrhea is mostly due to infection.Prevention of diarrhea that can be done is to continue breastfeeding, formula milk, and solid baby food, give ORS or sugar-salt solution to replace lost fluids, give foods that contain fiber, and give zinc for 10 consecutive days.The purpose of this study was to determine the level of mother's knowledge of the use of zinc in toddlers with diarrhea in Karang Pring RW 01, Sumber Jeruk village in the realm of knowing, understanding, and application. The method used is descriptive method with cross sectional analysis research design. In this study, the researcher used a validated questionnaire instrument. The sampling technique used total sampling and obtained 44 samples.Based on the results of data analysis, it was obtained that the percentage level of mother's knowledge on the use of zinc in toddlers with diarrhea in Karang Pring RW 01, Sumber Jeruk village for the July 2021 period in the tofu domain was 64.6%, the understanding domain was 74.2%, and in the application domain 72.7 %. The conclusion in this study is that the realm of knowing is categorized as sufficient, the realm of understanding is categorized as sufficient and in the realm of application it is categorized as sufficient. Keywords: Knowledge level, Diarrhea, zinc
La divulgazione linguistica in RAI: "Le parole per dirlo"
Authors: Fusco Francesca , Dell'Anna Maria Vittoria
Published: February 2022

Il lavoro – che vuole essere un contributo agli studi su lingua italiana, televisione e divulgazione linguistica - si occupa del programma tematico sull’italiano Le parole per dirlo, in onda ogni domenica mattina su Rai 3 dal mese di ottobre 2020, condotto da Noemi Gherrero con la partecipazione dei linguisti Valeria Della Valle e Giuseppe Patota. Le parole per dirlo è al momento in tv l’unica trasmissione interamente dedicata alla lingua italiana, dato significativo tanto più in un contesto televisivo che dedica ai programmi linguistici uno spazio di gran lunga inferiore a quello occupato da altri generi della divulgazione scientifico-culturale.

Il lavoro presenta il programma in seno alla programmazione linguistica Rai dagli esordi (metà degli anni ‘50 del ‘900) a oggi e a correlati fattori storico-culturali, sociolinguistici, comunicativi (fasi e caratteri del mezzo televisivo e sua evoluzione tecnologica; missione di servizio pubblico della Rai; la “lingua” come oggetto di informazione culturale), descrive struttura delle puntate e aspetti crossmediali, illustra le strategie della divulgazione e i temi linguistici privilegiati, anche con focus su puntate specifiche, riportate secondo gli usuali criteri di trascrizione del parlato televisivo. Osservazioni su lingua e tecniche divulgative si basano su un totale di 28 ore e 20 minuti di materiali audiovisivi.

The essay deals with a thematic programme on the Italian language, Le parole per dirlo, broadcast every Sunday morning on Rai 3 since October 2020. The programme is presented by Noemi Gherrero with the participation of two linguists, prof. Valeria Della Valle and prof. Giuseppe Patota and it is currently the only TV programme entirely dedicated to the Italian language (a very significant fact in a television programming scenario in which programmes about the Italian language are given less space than other scientific and cultural outreach programmes).

The work presents the programme within the Rai linguistic programming from its beginnings (mid 1950s) to the present day and takes into consideration historical-cultural, sociolinguistic and communicative factors (phases and characteristics of the television medium and its technological evolution; Rai's public service mission; "language" as an object of cultural information). It describes then the structure of the episodes and cross-media aspects, the strategies of dissemination and the discussed linguistic themes: the analysis focuses on specific episodes, reported according to the usual criteria of transcription of television speech. Observations on language and dissemination techniques are based on a total of 28 hours and 20 minutes of audiovisual materials.
Leafing Phenology of Canopy, Under-Storey Trees and Seasonality in a Tropical Evergreen Forest of Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary, Karnataka, Southern India
Authors: Nanda A. , Prakasha H. M. , Murthy Y.L. , Suresh H.S.
Published: February 2022

Leafing phenology and seasonality of canopy and understorey trees among different species in evergreen forest Kemmanugundi of Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary is studied. Seasonal rainfalls as a influencing factor for leafing patterns were reported.
Economic and environmental assessment of a multifunctional poplar plantation for roundwood and wood chip production in Spain
Authors: Laina Rubén , Herrero Sara J. , Corona Blanca , Tolosana Eduardo , De la Fuente M. Teresa , San Miguel Guillermo
Published: February 2022

Aim of study: To analyze the environmental and economic performance of a multifunctional poplar plantation (MPP), which was managed to produce timber for sawn wood and chips for bioenergy.
Area of study: The plantation was located in Southern Spain producing roundwood and woodchips (from tops and branches).
Material and methods: The life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology was chosen to perform the environmental impact assessment from a cradle-to-gate perspective. Capital goods, including machinery-manufacturing processes, were included. One oven dry tonne (odt) of forest biomass was chosen as functional unit. The economic analysis was performed using present costs and common indicators: net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR).
Main results: The harvest operations are the most environmental impacting subsystem and cultivation the costliest. Chipping was the process contributing the most to the environmental burden. The use of fertilizers, within the cultivation subsystem, had a notable impact on certain midpoint categories. In terms of climate change potential, 1 odt of delivered wood chips generated 64.1 kg CO2-eq. When considering the whole system (including the roundwood fraction), this value was 45.2 kg CO2-eq odt-1. MPP was hardly profitable with land rental and irrigation being the most expensive items. NPV, including harvesting and transport subsystems, was 1,582 € ha-1, while IRR reached 6.3%.
Research highlights: Our results allow to identify the costliest operations and those with the greatest impact to improve the system. Finally, these figures can be compared with other crop alternatives such us poplar short rotation coppice (SRC).
Waves in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal during the monsoon season
Authors: THIRUVENGADATHAN A.
Published: February 2022

The wave da1a recorded over the Indian seas by the Russian research vessels during the ISMEX (Indo-Soviet Monsoon Experiment) of 1973 and the Monsoon Experiment of 1977 are analysed. It is found that for given wind speeds, wave heights remain practically the same, the scattering being quite small. This is probably because during the monsoon season, the steadiness of the wind is quite high and the fetch is quite large. An empirical relationship is obtained between the wind-speed and characteristic wave height.

 

The relationship has been verified with the data of the Russian research vessels during Monex 1979. The wave heights computed from the reported windspeeds compare quite favourably with the observed values.
Rainfall fluctuations in India and Sri Lanka And large-scale rainfall anomalies
Authors: FLEER HERIBERT , SCHWEITZER BEATE , RAATZ WOLFGANG
Published: February 2022

Statistical methods were used to investigate the homogeneity, temporal trends, and spatial and temporal distribution of fluctuations in rainfall series for stations in India and Sri Lanka. The investigations also looked at teleconnections between Indian rainfall and rainfall in the equatorial Pacific dry zone. It appears to be no uniform trend in India over the last 100 years, but significant long-period fluctuations are evident at certain Indian stations. These appears to be a linkage between the recurrent Indian droughts and the El nino phenomena along the west coast of South America.
Temporal fluctuations of seasonal rainfall patterns
Authors: OGALLO LABAN
Published: February 2022

In order to investigate temporal fluctuations in the seasonal rainfall over East Africa, monthly rainfall records from about 100 stations during the period 1931- 75 were subjected to harmonic analysis on the yearly basis. Under this method time series were generated from the yearly amplitude and phase angle values of the dominant harmonics for the period 1931- 75. The temporal fluctuations of the generated time series were used to describe temporal patterns of seasonal rainfall in East Africa during the period of study. Yearly fluctuations in the pentad rainfall were also investigated during the wet seasons.

 

The results from harmonic analysis indicated the dominance of the first three harmonics over  most regions of East Africa. Higher harmonics, however, explained substantial variance in some dry regions.

 

The statistical methods employed indicated that at 95% confidence level, no significant seasonal  changes or shifts could be detected in the seasonal rainfall patterns. Spectral analysis, however, displayed water management short period fluctuations within the ranges of 2- 3 years and 5 -6 years. A weak 10 -11 years peak also appeared in some series.
Agricultural droughts and crop planning – A case study For western Rajasthan
Authors: SASTRI A. S. R. A. S. , KRISHNA Y. S. RAMA , RAO G. G. S. N. , RAO B. V. RAMANA
Published: February 2022

The frequencies of occurrence of agricultural droughts in respect of pearlmillet  and kharif pulses were worked out for three stations in western Rajasthan representing semi-arid, arid and extremely arid types of climates. Based on the minimum required values of AE/PE for these crops, the intensities of drought during different cropping seasons (1956-1975) were worked out. The study brought out that kharif pulses are more susceptible to drought than pearlmillet. Also the vulnerability of pearlmillet to drought under early, normal and late receipt of sowing rains under Jodhpur conditions were presented.
On prediction of droughts in the Indian arid region
Authors: KRISHNA Y. S. RAMA , SASTRI A. S. R. A. S. , RAO G. G. S. N. , RAO B. V. RAMANA
Published: February 2022

Drought is a recurring feature in the arid regions and prediction of droughts has got great relevance with respect to planning for afforestation, sand dune stabilisation, establishment of grasslands etc. Some attempts have been made at the Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur to develop techniques for prognostication of droughts in the Indian arid region on the basis of climatic fluctuation., and variability.

 

The climatic spectrum of the Indian arid region extends from extremely arid to semi-arid conditions. Through application of the theory of conditional probabilities based on first order Markov chain model, the climatic fluctuations during the years 1901-1970 were studied. It was observed that the occurrence of extreme arid conditions in the succeeding year could be predicted with 92 per cent confidence while climatic types can be predicted with 83 per cent confidence.

 

Drought incidence may not be affecting whole of the region simultaneously and some parts might experience localised droughts. However, in some years the whole region experienced drought conditions and studies reveal that even In such years the drought intensity and its time of occurrence varied from region to region. Studies on the incidence and spread of droughts over western Rajasthan indicate that drought condition originate first in the northeastern region, during the month of July spread in a south-westerly direction during the month of August and dissipate with an easterly movement in the month of September. This pattern is observed to repeat during the years of. severe drought. In the present paper, the applicability of the above techniques have been discussed.

 

Long range prediction of droughts is not yet possible with 100 per cent confidence. Therefore, a combination approach using different techniques might provide the necessary confidence in prediction of droughts.
Analysis and prediction of short period droughts during summer monsoon over India
Authors: SINGH S. V. , KRIPALANI R. H. , SAHA P. , PRASAD K. D.
Published: February 2022

Climatic characteristics of occurrence of dry spells over 7 meteorological subdivisions lying in semi-arid parts of India are studied by using 23 years of spatially averaged sub-divisional rainfall data. Five different thresholds have been used to decide the occurrence of dry or wet day over the sub-divisions. Similar characteristics in occurrence of dry spells have been studied for 6 stations lying in the same area. The Markov chains of order 1 and 2 have been fitted to the frequency of occurrence of dry spells over the stations and on testing the chain of order 2 are found to fit better.

 

Composite charts of probability of occurrence of rain around depressions located in various geographical areas have been prepared by using daily rainfall data of 220 stations for 19 years. With the help of these charts the role of depressions in alleviating drought situation is examined.

 

Finally multiple linear regression equations are developed by stepwise screening method to predict the daily rainfall amounts over these subdivisions by using large scale synoptic parameters. When  tested on an independent sample of equal size these equations showed skill scores varying from .22 to .54 in forecasting the terciles of rainfall.
On some climatological aspects of drought in India
Authors: CHOWDHURY A. , ABHYANKAR V. P.
Published: February 2022

Based on data from 1875 to 1980, an attempt has been made in this paper to compile and collect drought climatology of India. Only "meteorological drought", i.e., rainfall deficiency exceeding 25 % of the normal has been considered. Frequency of occurrence of drought in different meteorological sub-divisions has been obtained which has been used to determine its recurrence period. Drought has been classified into moderate and severe categories and the probability of occurrence of these types in different sub-divisions computed and discussed. Depending upon the area of the country affected, drought has been further classified into different categories, viz., localised, semi-vast, vast extensive and calamitous, observed frequency of each type determined. Decadal representation of the drought incidence has been obtained and used to predict its occurrence in any 10.year period. The series is also subjected to power spectrum analysis and significant peaks obtained and discussed.

 

Since no rational criteria to define an year as a good or bad monsoon year for the country as a whole exists at present, an objective and pragmatic approach to solve this problem has been attempted. The following two categories were separately adopted to consider a year as a drought year, viz.,

 

(i) When the percentage area affected exceeds 20%,

(ii) When the area exceeds 25%.

 

Sequences of a drought year or a good monsoon year have been obtained. This has subsequently been examined to obtain probabilities of a drought year following (a) 3 consecutive good years, (b) 4 good years, and (c) 5 good years. Similarly chances of two consecutive years of drought after each of 3, 4 and 5 consecutive got the monsoon years have been determined. These sequencies have also been utilised to find persistence in occurrence of good or bad (drought) monsoon years and subjected to X2-test to determine its statistical significance.