bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding darkness: age, sex, and tech-proficiency in knowledge and perceptions of technology-mediated abuse
Authors: Eckstein Jessica J
Published: August 2022

This article examines how people understand technology-mediated abuse (TMA) between adult romantic partners. Because knowledge and attitudes regarding sensitive issues are created and shaped via technology, users’ interpretations are crucial to understanding life-threatening relational situations such as TMA. In this study, 551 individuals were recruited via community-based chain-referral sampling and asked to describe TMA (e.g., online stalking, hacking, verbal attack, etc.). To varying degrees, age, sex, and technological proficiency each and also, interactively predicted TMA perceptions. Findings showed that older (vs. younger) and male (vs. female) individuals understood different technology-mediated behaviors as harmful when used by adult romantic partners.
Tick Species Composition, Collection Rates, and Phenology Provide Insights into Tick-Borne Disease Ecology in Virginia
Authors: Morris Ciera N , Gaff Holly D , Berghaus Roy D , Wilson C Morgan , Gleim Elizabeth R
Published: August 2022

To better understand tick ecology in Virginia and the increasing Lyme disease incidence in western Virginia, a comparative phenological study was conducted in which monthly collections were performed at twelve sampling locations in southwestern Virginia (high Lyme disease incidence) and 18 equivalent sampling locations in southeastern Virginia (low Lyme disease incidence) for one year. In western Virginia, we also explored the effect of elevation on collection rates of Ixodes scapularis Say (Acari: Ixodidae) and Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Acari: Ixodidae). In total, 35,438 ticks were collected (33,106 A. americanum; 2,052 I. scapularis; 134 Ixodes affinis Neumann [Acari: Ixodidae]; 84 Dermacentor variabilis [Say] [Acari: Ixodidae]; 49 Dermacentor albipictus [Packard] [Acari: Ixodidae]; 10 Haemaphysalis leporispalustris [Packard] [Acari: Ixodidae]; 2 Ixodes brunneus Koch [Acari: Ixodidae]; 1 Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann [Acari: Ixodidae]). Within southwestern Virginia, Ixodes scapularis collection rates were not influenced by elevation, unlike A. americanum which were collected more frequently at lower elevations (e.g., below 500 m). Notably, I. scapularis larvae and nymphs were commonly collected in southwestern Virginia (indicating that they were questing on or above the leaf litter) but not in southeastern Virginia. Questing on or above the leaf litter is primarily associated with northern populations of I. scapularis. These findings may support the hypothesis that I. scapularis from the northeastern United States are migrating into western Virginia and contributing to the higher incidence of Lyme disease in this region. This comparative phenological study underscores the value of these types of studies and the need for additional research to further understand the rapidly changing tick-borne disease dynamics in Virginia.
Clinical, Pathological, and Molecular Characteristics of Diffuse Spinal Cord Gliomas
Authors: Garcia Mekka R , Feng Yang , Vasudevaraja Varshini , Galbraith Kristyn , Serrano Jonathan , Thomas Cheddhi , Radmanesh Alireza , Hidalgo Eveline T , Harter David H , Allen Jeffrey C , Gardner Sharon L , Osorio Diana S , William Christopher M , Zagzag David , Boué Daniel R , Snuderl Matija
Published: August 2022

Diffuse spinal cord gliomas (SCGs) are rare tumors associated with a high morbidity and mortality that affect both pediatric and adult populations. In this retrospective study, we sought to characterize the clinical, pathological, and molecular features of diffuse SCG in 22 patients with histological and molecular analyses. The median age of our cohort was 23.64 years (range 1–82) and the overall median survival was 397 days. K27M mutation was significantly more prevalent in males compared to females. Gross total resection and chemotherapy were associated with improved survival, compared to biopsy and no chemotherapy. While there was no association between tumor grade, K27M status (p = 0.366) or radiation (p = 0.772), and survival, males showed a trend toward shorter survival. K27M mutant tumors showed increased chromosomal instability and a distinct DNA methylation signature.
Mycorrhizal fungi reduce fitness differences, but coexistence is determined by differences in intrinsic plant mycorrhizal responsiveness
Authors: Wagg Cameron , McKenzie-Gopsill Andrew
Published: August 2022

Plant–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) associations can mediate soil resources among competing plants to influence plant resource capture and fitness, making AMF a potential agent of plant coexistence. We assessed plant coexistence, via niche and fitness differences, using six plant species varying in their mycorrhizal status. We grew the species in 15 competitive pairs with or without AMF. Effects of AMF on coexistence were determined by parametrizing pair-wise Lotka–Volterra plant competition models. Responses of the six plant species to AMF were determined by comparing the shoot biomass of single plants grown in the absence of any competition with AMF to the shoot biomass without AMF. The inoculation with AMF reduced the fitness differences between competitors, but the degree of AMF-mediated coexistence depended on the identity of the competing plant species. A greater AMF response difference between competing plant species reduced niche overlap and increased coexistence. These results show that while AMF generally reduce fitness differences, the equalizing effect of AMF is not always strong enough to overcome a competitive imbalance due to niche overlap and thus does not always lead to coexistence. Instead, it is the intrinsic growth response of different plant species to AMF, which can predict reduced niche overlap that in turn leads to coexistence. This implies that mycorrhizal dependence is a plant strategy to reduce niche overlap with competitors, thus allowing for greater coexistence.
Seasonal grazing alters nutrient resorption and conservation, and affects spring growth ofStipa grandis
Authors: Zhang Tongrui , Li Frank Yonghong , Wu Lin , Wang Hao , Li Yanlong , Shi Chunjun
Published: August 2022

Nutrient resorption in autumn is a key mechanism of perennial plants for nutrient conservation and efficient use in grassland. Grazing effects on plant nutrient resorption may alter root nutrient conservation and affect plant growth in the subsequent spring. There are many studies on nutrient resorption and conservation of plants in grazing grassland, but few studies have investigated the effect of grazing on plant growth in subsequent spring. Taking Stipa grandis, a dominant perennial grass in a semi-arid steppe as a model plant, we examined plant nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) resorption traits (resorption efficiency, proficiency and flux) and root nutrient conservation traits (root biomass and nutrient pool) in autumn, and plant growth traits (height, biomass and nutrient pool) in the subsequent spring, in an experimental grassland under four grazing season treatments (i.e. grazing in spring, summer or autumn or no grazing). We found that (i) 51%–66% of N and 58%–80% of P in S. grandis shoots were resorbed in autumn, and the resorption flux was the lowest under autumn grazing, and highest under spring grazing. (ii) Root nutrient conservation traits were significantly reduced by summer grazing, slightly decreased by spring grazing, but not affected by autumn grazing. (iii) Plant growth in next spring was the best under early spring grazing and the worst under autumn grazing, which was mainly affected by soil moisture rather than root nutrient storage. Our study provides insights into the process of plant nutrient cycling and a theoretical basis for establishing grazing system for grassland protection and rational utilization.
Successful management of a recurrent 180° uterine torsion: a rare case report
Authors: Mansour Marah , Alchihan Soulafa , AlKhrait Samar , Alhouda Amro Alam , Zrik Abdulaziz , Hussien Khaled
Published: August 2022

Uterine torsion (UT) is one of the most uncommon obstetric complications. It usually occurs in the third trimester. The confirmed diagnosis relies on > 45° rotation at the utero-cervical junction around its longitudinal axis. The etiology is unknown in 20% of cases. It might be asymptomatic in some rare cases; however, symptoms usually manifest with acute abdominal pain, fetal bradycardia, vaginal bleeding or failure of labor progress. Laparotomy is used to establish the diagnosis and the management of UT. We report a 180° uterine dextrotorsion case of an obese 24-year-old pregnant female who presented with severe abdominal pain at the 35th gestational week, which was diagnosed and managed by an emergency laparotomy. UT is a rare though serious condition and must be doubted before a suspicious clinical image. Therefore, it is suggested to avoid consecutive pregnancies and the resultant uterine rupture.
Pituitary apoplexy presenting as isolated third cranial nerve palsy: case series
Authors: Shrestha Ramesh , Bishokarma Suresh , Rayamajhi Sushil , Shrestha Sunita , Lamichhane Saurav , Shrestha Pratyush , Thulung Suraj
Published: August 2022

Pituitary apoplexy (PA) is caused by a sudden increase in pressure in the pituitary region due to acute hemorrhage, infarction or necrosis. PA can also be caused by restricting blood supply to the nerve due to compression of the internal carotid artery. Acute third cranial nerve palsy (third CN) secondary to PA is a rare medical emergency caused by bleeding within a growing mass within the sella turcica. We presented two cases of PA with isolated third CN palsy treated with transsphenoidal pituitary decompression. PA is therefore an important differential diagnosis to consider in patients with isolated third nerve palsy. The prognosis for isolated third nerve palsy in PA appeared successful, with variable recovery from medical and surgical intervention.
The Autobiography of Willy Katzenstein: Part One, 1874–1932
Authors: Hamlyn Susan , Gaus Linda
Published: August 2022

Late in 2020, while sorting through a cupboard at the home of her mother, Eva Roberts (née Katzenstein), Susan Hamlyn—the abridger of this piece—discovered two fat folders. Each contained carefully typed documents in German. One was the 292-page diary kept by Eva’s father, the lawyer Dr Willy Katzenstein (1874–1951) (see Figure 1), during his four years of service in the Landsturm (German reserve army) (see Figure 2) during the First World War. The other was the 212-page autobiography he wrote shortly after arriving in England as a refugee in June 1939. The autobiography, the first part of which is published here, is primarily concerned with Katzenstein’s increasing—and ultimately crucial—involvement with the Jewish community of Bielefeld in north-western Germany, and various Jewish organizations at local and national level. Although he was semi-detached from Jewish interests and affairs in his youth, by the mid-1930s the facilitation of Jewish emigration from Germany absorbed every aspect of life for him and his wife Selma (née Zehden). Katzenstein was a classicist, poet, essayist, traveller, a lover of music and art, and a devoted husband and father. He died in London in 1951.
Modern Solutions for Ancient Pathogens: Direct Pathogen Sequencing for Diagnosis of Lepromatous Leprosy and Cerebral Coenurosis
Authors: Young Bernadette C , Bush Stephen J , Lipworth Sam , George Sophie , Dingle Kate E , Sanderson Nick , Brankin Alice , Walker Timothy , Sharma Srilakshmi , Leong James , Plaha Puneet , Hofer Monika , Chiodini Peter , Gottstein B , Furrer Lavinia , Crook Derrick , Brent Andrew
Published: August 2022

Microbes unculturable in vitro remain diagnostically challenging, dependent historically on clinical findings, histology, or targeted molecular detection. We applied whole-genome sequencing directly from tissue to diagnose infections with mycobacteria (leprosy) and parasites (coenurosis). Direct pathogen DNA sequencing provides flexible solutions to diagnosis of difficult pathogens in diverse contexts.
Impact of freeze–thaw-induced pit aspiration on stem water transport in the subalpine conifer Abies veitchii
Authors: Taneda Haruhiko , Ogasa Mayumi Y , Yazaki Kenichi , Funayama-Noguchi Sachiko , Miyazawa Yoshiyuki , Mayr Stefan , Maruta Emiko
Published: August 2022

During winter, subalpine conifers experience frequent freeze–thaw cycles in stem xylem that may cause embolism and pit aspiration due to increased water volume during the sap to ice transition. This study examined the occurrence and ecological impacts of a combination of freeze–thaw-induced pit aspiration and embolism triggered by natural and artificial stem freezing. In subalpine Veitch’s fir (Abies veitchii) trees, the fraction of closed pits and embolized tracheids as well as conductivity losses were measured to examine pit aspiration and its effects. When trees incurred mild drought stress in February and early March, 70%–80% of stem conductivity was lost. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy indicated <20% embolized tracheids but ∼90% closed pits. Severe drought stress in late March caused 96% ± 1.2% (mean ± standard error) loss of stem conductivity, while the fraction of embolized tracheids increased to 64% ± 6.6%, and aspirated pit fraction decreased to 23% ± 5.6%. Experimental freeze–thaw cycles also increased pit aspiration from 7.1% ± 0.89% to 49% ± 10%, and the fraction of closed pits was positively correlated to the percent loss of stem hydraulic conductivity. The results indicated that freezing-induced pit aspiration is an important factor for stem xylem dysfunction under mild drought, and upon severe drought in winter; stem water transport is predominantly inhibited by xylem embolism.
Decays h → e
a
e
b, e
b → e
aγ, and (g − 2)e,μ in a 3-3-1 model with inverse seesaw neutrinos
Authors: Hong T T , Nha N H T , Nguyen T Phong , Phuong L T T , Hue L T
Published: August 2022

We will show that the 3-3-1 model with new heavy right-handed neutrinos as SU(3)L singlets can simultaneously explain the lepton flavor violating decays of the SM-like Higgs boson, charged lepton flavor violating decays eb → eaγ, and the electron (g − 2)e anomalies under recent experimental data. The discrepancy of (g − 2)μ predicted by the model under consideration and that of the standard model can reach 10−9. The decay rates of the standard model-like Higgs boson h → τe,τμ can reach values of $\mathcal {O}(10^{-4})$.
Nucleon D-term in holographic quantum chromodynamics
Authors: Fujita Mitsutoshi , Hatta Yoshitaka , Sugimoto Shigeki , Ueda Takahiro
Published: August 2022

The D-term is one of the conserved charges of hadrons defined as the forward limit of the gravitational form factor D(t). We calculate the nucleon’s D-term in a holographic quantum chromodynamics model in which the nucleon is described as a soliton in five dimensions. We show that the form factor D(t) is saturated by the exchanges of infinitely many 0++ and 2++ glueballs dual to transverse-traceless metric fluctuations on the Wick-rotated AdS7 black hole geometry. We refer to this phenomenon as “glueball dominance,” in perfect analogy to the vector meson dominance of the electromagnetic form factors. However, the value at vanishing momentum transfer D(t = 0) can be interpreted as due to the exchange of pairs of pions and infinitely many vector and axial-vector mesons without any reference to glueballs. We find that the D-term is slightly negative as a result of a cancellation between the isovector and isoscalar meson contributions.
Quantum mechanical approach to bifurcation point detection in Hamiltonian dynamical systems
Authors: Makino Hironori
Published: August 2022

The energy level statistics of a bounded quantum system whose classical dynamical system exhibits bifurcations is investigated using the two-point correlation function (TPCF), which at the bifurcation points exhibits periodic spike oscillations owing to the accumulation of levels called the shell effect. The spike oscillations of the TPCF are analyzed by the reduced chi-squared value, which exhibits abrupt increases at bifurcation points, thereby yielding a novel detection approach. Using this method, we attempt to numerically detect the bifurcation points of a lemon-shaped billiard.
Recent advances in glucose-responsive insulin delivery systems: novel hydrogels and future applications
Authors: Mohanty Avha R , Ravikumar Akhila , Peppas Nicholas A
Published: August 2022

Over the past several decades, there have been major advancements in the field of glucose sensing and insulin delivery for the treatment of type I diabetes mellitus. The introduction of closed-loop insulin delivery systems that deliver insulin in response to specific levels of glucose in the blood has shifted significantly the research in this field. These systems consist of encapsulated glucose-sensitive components such as glucose oxidase or phenylboronic acid in hydrogels, microgels or nanoparticles. Since our previous evaluation of these systems in a contribution in 2004, new systems have been developed. Important improvements in key issues, such as consistent insulin delivery over an extended period of time have been addressed. In this contribution, we discuss recent advancements over the last 5 years and present persisting issues in these technologies that must be overcome in order for these systems to be applicable in patients.
How Do Investors and Firms React to a Large, Unexpected Currency Appreciation Shock?
Authors: Efing Matthias , Fahlenbrach Rüdiger , Herpfer Christoph , Krueger Philipp
Published: August 2022

Past research has suggested that firms can significantly reduce their exposure to moderate exchange rate fluctuations by means of pass-through and hedging. Studying the appreciation of the Swiss franc by 17% on January 15, 2015, we show that firms remain exposed to extreme currency events. Pass-through, a way to share the costs of exchange rate risk with foreign customers, fails after extreme exchange rate shocks, particularly in competitive industries. Firms’ exposure to currency tail risk has real consequences for their investment. The decrease in investment is explained by a reduction in profitable investment opportunities and not by financial constraints. (JEL G15, G32, F30, F31, E58)

Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
EXPERIMENTAL IN VITRO DOSIMETRY OF 223RA AND 177LU
Authors: Ondrák Lukáš , Sommer Marek , Štěpán Václav , Davídková Marie , Vlk Martin , Kundrát Pavel , Kozempel Ján
Published: August 2022

Targeted alpha therapy with radionuclides undergoing multiple alpha-particle decays is a promising method of nuclear medicine. To study the effectiveness of alpha versus beta emitters, survival of DU145 prostate cancer cells exposed to 223Ra or 177Lu was assessed. Per decay, the cells were much more sensitive to the alpha than beta emitter. However, per unit dose the sensitivities would be comparable, contrary to the well-known evidence, if the decay energy were deposited within the sample completely and homogeneously. Measurements by Timepix detectors showed about three times higher counts of alpha particles above than below the sample. After the first alpha decay of 223Ra to 219Rn, this gas likely moves upwards and its subsequent three alpha decays occur in the upper part of the sample. Correct estimation of absorbed dose is a critical issue when analysing in vitro data and when translating their results to clinical applications.
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF LOW-DOSE RADIATION FROM CT IMAGING
Authors: Lierová Anna , Milanová Marcela , Pospíchal Jan , Novotný Jan , Storm Jaroslav , Andrejsová Lenka , Šinkorová Zuzana
Published: August 2022

The dramatic rise in diagnostic procedures, radioisotope-based scans and intervention procedures has created a very valid concern regarding the long-term biological consequences from exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation. Despite its unambiguous medical benefits, additional knowledge on the health outcome of its use is essential. This review summarizes the available information regarding the biological consequences of low-dose radiation (LDR) exposure in humans (e.g. cytogenetic changes, cancer risk and radiation-induced cataracts. However, LDR studies remain relatively new and thus an encompassing view of its biological effects and relevant mechanisms in the human body is still needed.
DIAGNOSTIC REFERENCE LEVELS IN SCREENING MAMMOGRAPHY CENTERS IN SLOVAKIA
Authors: Šalát Dušan , Nikodemová Denisa , Klepanec Andrej , Lehotská Viera , Šalátová Anna
Published: August 2022

Optimization in mammography remains the most important tool in practice. In the optimization process, we look for a balanced relationship between image quality and patient dose. For mammographic examinations, the diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) are expressed as the average glandular dose (AGD) based on the thickness of the compressed breast. The aim of this study was to analyse DRL compliance in diagnostic mammography at 16 mammography screening centres using an automated system for tracking patient doses during the period between January 2020 and December 2020 and to subsequently propose new DRLs for the screening mammography centres in Slovakia. The new DRLs were ~20% lower than the existing national DRLs in diagnostic mammography in Slovakia and significantly lower than the achievable AGD levels published in the fourth edition of the European Guidelines for Quality Assurance in Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnosis.
YAP:CE SCINTILLATOR APPLICATION FOR 241AM COUNTING IN WOUND INJURY
Authors: Fojtík Pavel , Rovenská Vendula
Published: August 2022

YAP:Ce scintillation probe was tested for use in a spectrometric measurement that is necessary to assess the internal dose in case of wound injuries involving radionuclide contaminant. A technique with metal filters published in the past for the determination of a depth of plutonium-contaminated wound was tested to verify the capability of the scintillator to be used for gamma-ray spectrometry counting of 241Am in a wound injury. Scintillation probe equipped with YAP:Ce scintillator showed properties sufficient for the wound counting technique tested.
NEW EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH IN BIODOSIMETRY:EX VIVOAPOPTOSIS DETECTION
Authors: Andrejsová Lenka , Čížková Jana , Filipová Alžběta , Lierová Anna , Šinkorová Zuzana
Published: August 2022

This study establishes a new experimental approach for retrospective biodosimetric assessment by apoptosis detection ex vivo. For this purpose, we used mononuclear blood leukocytes isolated from the peripheral blood of irradiated Wistar rats and cultured them ex vivo for posterior analysis. Using flow cytometry, we distinguished apoptotic lymphocyte subsets individual biodosimetric potential at different time periods after exposure: B-lymphocytes 6–8 h (0–7 Gy), natural killer cells 24 h (0–7 Gy) and T-lymphocytes 24 h (0–1 Gy). This novel experimental design innovates through the need of a single blood sample from irradiated individuals for a complete biodosimetric assessment.
VERTICAL DOSIMETRIC MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRIC DISCHARGE INDUCED AT LIGHTNING IMPULSE VOLTAGE GENERATOR
Authors: Štěpánová Dagmar , Mikeš Jan , Štěpán Václav , Krbal Michal , Ploc Ondřej
Published: August 2022

This paper deals with the measurement of ionising radiation emitted in the vertical field of electric discharge generated between the tip and the grounded plate electrode. The generator set-up was for 400 consecutive negative discharges with voltage amplitude 0.9 MV, waveform shape 1.2/50 $\mu $s, discharge energy 80 kJ and electrodes 1 m apart. Thermoluminescent, passive detectors were used to avoid electromagnetic interference from the discharge. The detectors were placed at the electrodes and three vertical positions 1 m from the discharge axis. This work extends a previous study focused on dosimetry in the plane parallel to the ground. This experiment confirmed the presence of a photon/electron component at the electrode tip and 0.5 m vertical position at a distance of 1 m from the discharge axis. In addition, the presence of neutrons was found for new positions in the vertical axis and the ground electrode.
MEASUREMENT AND SIMULATION OF THE RADIATION DOSES AROUND THE ‘MINI LABYRINTH’ EXPERIMENTAL WORKPLACE AT STU
Authors: Čerba Štefan , Vrban Branislav , Lüley Jakub , Nečas Vladimír , Štastný Ondřej , Filová Vendula , Katovský Karel , Gloginić Marko , Mravik Željko , Erich Marko , Petrović Srdjan
Published: August 2022

One of the most effective ways of gaining user experience and minimizing user effects on modelling and simulation is benchmarking. Currently (2022) a new experimental workplace, the so called ‘Mini Labyrinth’ is being developed at Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava (STU). It is a simple neutron and gamma shielding benchmark, inspired by the ALARM-CF-AIR-LAB-001 ICSBEP experiment. The latest V2 setup consists of a PuBe neutron source, several NEUTRONSTOP C5 shielding blocks, H2O filled polylactic acid (PLA) tank, plastic source holder and detectors placed inside and outside the Mini Labyrinth. This paper is focused on the monitoring of the radiation doses around the workplace using the NuDET neutron detector and on the comparison of the measured quantities with ones simulated by SCALE 6 MONACO. The influence of the size of the model and the definition of the detector is studied in this analysis. The achieved results are presented and some discussions on further needed development are also included.
REFINING RADIOCARBON DATING OF IVORY
Authors: Valášek Vojtěch , Pachnerová Brabcová Kateřina , Kufnerová Jitka , Molnár Mihály , Světlík Ivo
Published: August 2022

Elephants are on the verge of extinction due to extensive poaching to obtain ivory and illegal income. According to international law, the trade in ivory of African elephants is outlawed, with a few exceptions, as for example in European Union for antique ivory obtained before 1947. There is basically only one physical method for determining the age of ivory and that is radiocarbon dating. The method uses artificially temporarily enhanced 14C content in the atmosphere to date relevant samples with high resolution. Since this advantage is slowly fading, the question arises of how to fill in the loss of the resolution. One possibility is exploiting the chronology of ivory. This work studies a whole elephant tusk and uses radiocarbon dating of samples obtained longitudinally and transversely from along the tusk to analyse the growth rate.
Effects of pelleted versus loose salt-limited protein supplement on supplement intake behavior of yearling heifers grazing dryland pastures
Authors: White Hayley C , Van Emon Megan L , DelCurto-Wyffels Hannah M , Wyffels Samuel A , DelCurto Timothy
Published: August 2022

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impacts of supplement form on supplement intake behavior, body weight (BW), and body condition score (BCS) change of yearling heifers grazing dryland pastures during the summer. In each of the two years, Angus crossbred heifers (14 mo of age; year 1, N = 57, BW = 449 ± 3.60 kg; year 2, N = 58, BW = 328 ± 3.57 kg) were used in a 84-d completely randomized design evaluating the following treatments: 1) control, no supplement; 2) salt-limited supplement in pelleted form; and 3) a salt-limited supplement in loose form. Individual supplement intake, and time spent at the feeder were measured throughout the course of the study using a SmartFeed Pro self-feeder system (C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, SD, USA). On days 0, 42, and 84, the heifers were weighed, and body condition scored following a 16-h shrink. Supplementation and form of supplement did not influence (P ≥ 0.62) BW change for yearling heifers within or across study grazing periods. Body condition score was not influenced (P ≥ 0.26) by supplementation and form within the 0 to 42 (period 1) or 42 to 84 (period 2)-d periods but displayed a treatment by year interaction (P < 0.01) for the 84-d summer grazing period. Supplement intake (kg/d and g/kg BW) displayed a treatment × period interaction (P < 0.01). Supplement intake (kg/d) of heifers consuming pelleted supplement was 28% and 31% greater (P ≤ 0.02) than heifers consuming loose supplement in periods 1 and 2, respectively. Supplement intake (g/kg BW) of heifers consuming pelleted supplement was 24% and 32% greater (P ≤ 0.05) than heifers consuming loose supplement in periods 1 and 2, respectively. Overall, across both years, supplement intake in period 1 was less than half (P < 0.01) that of period 2, averaging 0.50 and 1.14 kg/day, respectively. Variation in supplement intake (% CV) was greater (P = 0.03) in period 1 compared to period 2, averaging 119% and 91%, respectively. In addition, variation in supplement intake was greater (P = 0.03) in year 2 than year 1, averaging 122% and 88%. Our results suggest that salt-limited supplements have a high degree of intake variation and pelleting could have a masking effect as indicated by the greater intake and intake rate of supplement with heifers consuming the pelleted supplement.
Classroom teachers’ “off-the-shelf” use of movement integration products and its impact on children’s sedentary behavior and physical activity
Authors: Weaver R Glenn , Dugger Roddrick , Burkart Sarah , von Klinggraeff Lauren , Hunt Ethan T , Beets Michael W , Webster Collin A , Chen Brian , Armstrong Bridget , Adams Elizabeth L , Rehling Jeffrey
Published: August 2022

Movement integration (MI) products are one of many MI strategies that aim to reduce students’ sedentary behavior (SB) and increase physical activity (PA) during classroom time. This study examined elementary classroom teachers’ off-the-shelf (i.e., no researcher support) use of MI products (GoNoodle Plus [GN], ABC for Fitness [ABC], Take10) and their impact on students’ SB and PA. Teachers (N = 57) at five schools received one MI product and reported MI strategy uses/day while student (n = 1,098, 52% female, 66% Black) accelerometer-determined SB and PA was assessed. Mixed regression models estimated changes in MI uses/day and SB and PA during the school day prior to and after teachers received the MI product. GoNoodle was the only MI product where overall MI strategy uses/day increased (∆ = 0.8, 95% CI = 0.1, 1.4). Across products, students’ SB increased (∆ = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.2, 3.1) while light (∆ = −1.7, 95% CI = 1.2, 3.1) and MVPA (∆ = −0.5, 95% CI = −0.8, −0.2) decreased. For GN SB (∆ = −3.3, 95% CI = −7.8, 1.3), light (∆ = 2.5, 95% CI = −0.7, 5.7), and MVPA (∆ = 0.8, 95% CI = −0.9, 2.5), did not show statistically significant change. For Take10 SB (∆ = 1.0, 95% CI = −0.2, 2.2) and MVPA (∆ = 0.1, 95% CI = −0.3, 0.6) did not change while light PA decreased (∆ = −1.1, 95% CI = −2.0, −0.3). For ABC SB increased (∆ = 11.1, 95% CI = 8.4, 13.9) while light (∆ = −7.0, 95% CI = −8.9, −5.0) and MVPA (∆ = −4.2, 95% CI = −5.2, −3.1) decreased. GN shows promise for classroom teacher use. However, given limited uptake of the other products and the lack of change in children’s SB and PA, this study suggests that off-the-shelf MI products cannot be integrated into classroom routines without additional support.
Reform of the secured transactions law in Japan: the form and function tested against the global standard
Authors: Kozuka Souichirou , Aoki Noriyuki
Published: August 2022

Since 2021, the reform of the secured transactions law is officially tabled before the Legislative Council of Japan. Prior to this official deliberation, three preparatory study groups, each sponsored by the Ministry of Justice, Small and Medium Enterprise Agency and Financial Services Agency, discussed the agenda. With differences in the details, these three groups have proposed introducing the new approach to secured transactions, namely enabling the creation of security interests in all the debtor’s assets without specifying each piece of asset included. These arguments indicate that the modern principles of secured transactions that have emerged from the global efforts towards unification and harmonisation affect domestic law reform.
Molecular Characterization and Fungicide Sensitivity of Jujube PathogensColletotrichum gloeosporioidesSensu Stricto andColletotrichum nymphaeaein South Korea
Authors: Kang Eun Chan , Hassan Oliul , Kim Kyung-Min , Chang Taehyun
Published: August 2022

Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) is cultivated across South Korea because of its medicinal and economic value. It is used as a sweetener in jam, tea, and snacks and a garnish in many cuisines. Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp. accounts for huge economic losses for jujube growers. In 2019 and 2020, severe anthracnose was observed in the jujube-growing areas of South Korea. The infected fruit displayed small, water-soaked, sunken, circular spots. Infected fruit were collected from different commercial orchards of Boeungun and Gyeongsan regions of South Korea, and putative causal agents were isolated on potato dextrose agar. Based on the morphological and molecular characteristics, the fungal isolates were identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu stricto and C. nymphaeae. The pathogenicity of these isolates was confirmed by inoculating a conidial suspension (1 × 106conidia ml−1) on healthy fruit. The in vitro sensitivity of the fungal isolates to tebuconazole, carbendazim, and azoxystrobin was also tested. All isolates showed high sensitivity to azoxystrobin in terms of mycelial growth inhibition (half maximal effective concentration value of 0.01 to 0.6 µg/ml). To the best of our knowledge, this is also the first report of jujube anthracnose caused by C. nymphaeae in South Korea.
Development of Powdery Mildew Resistance in Cucumber Using CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Mutagenesis of CsaMLO8
Authors: Shnaider Yulia , Elad Yigal , Rav-David Dalia , Pashkovsky Ekaterina , Leibman Diana , Kravchik Michael , Shtarkman-Cohen Meital , Gal-On Amit , Spiegelman Ziv
Published: August 2022

Powdery mildew (PM) diseases may severely limit the production of various crops, including members of the family Cucurbitaceae. Successful PM infection relies on the Mildew Resistance Locus O ( MLO) plant gene family, which encodes susceptibility factors essential for fungus penetration into the host cell. In cucumber ( Cucumis sativus), natural mutations in CsaMLO8 confer resistance to the PM pathogen Podosphaera xanthii. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis to generate PM resistance in the susceptible cucumber cultivar Ilan. Two transgene-free Csamlo8 CRISPR mutant lines ( Csamlo-cr-1 and Csamlo-cr-2) were isolated, the first with a 5-bp deletion in exon 1, and the second harboring a 1,280-bp deletion and 10-bp insertion between exons 1 and 5. Both lines showed high resistance to PM under semicommercial growth conditions in the summer growing seasons of 2019 and 2021. These results provide the basis for generating transgene-free powdery mildew resistance in cucumber in any genetic background. This method can directly be employed on commercial cultivars and hybrid parental lines, and thereby substantially shorten and simplify the breeding process for PM resistance in cucumber.
ERK inhibition reduces neuronal death and ameliorates inflammatory responses in forebrain‐specific Ppp2cα knockout mice
Authors: Liu Tingting , Zhu Xiaolei , Huang Chaoli , Chen Jiang , Shu Shu , Chen Guiquan , Xu Yun , Hu Yimin
Published: August 2022

It has been shown that PP2A is critical for apoptosis in neural progenitor cells. However, it remains unknown whether PP2A is required for neuronal survival. To address this question, we generated forebrain‐specific Ppp2cα knockout (KO) mice. We show that Ppp2cα KO mice display robust neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory responses in the postnatal cortex. Previous evidence has revealed that PD98059 is a potent ERK inhibitor and may protect the brain against cell death after cardiac arrest. To study whether PD98059 may have any effects on Ppp2cα KO mice, the latter was treated with this inhibitor. We demonstrated that the total number of cleaved caspase3 positive (+) cells in the cortex was significantly reduced in Ppp2cα KO mice treated with PD98059 compared with those without PD98059 treatment. We observed that the total number of IBA1+ cells in the cortex was significantly decreased in Ppp2cα KO mice treated with PD98059. Mechanistic analysis reveals that deletion of PP2Aca causes DNA damage, which may be attenuated by PD98059. Together, this study suggests that inhibition of ERK may be an effective strategy to reduce cell death in brain diseases with abnormal neuronal apoptosis.
Arthroscopic Assisted Treatment of Combined Trapezium and Bennett Fracture-Dislocation
Authors: Tandioy-Delgado Fabio Andrés , Marcovici Lucian Lior , Luchetti Riccardo , Atzei Andrea
Published: August 2022

Trapezium fractures are unusual; however, they represent the third most frequent fracture of the carpal bones. As they usually follow a high-energy trauma, they are associated with distal radius, Bennett, or Rolando fractures in 80% of cases. Traditional treatment options include, closed reduction and percutaneous pinning, or open reduction and internal fixation. To minimize the additional surgical trauma, an arthroscopic technique has been developed for safe, minimally invasive management of complex injuries of the first carpo-metacarpal joint. Intra-articular dislocated fracture fragments are reduced under direct visualization and fixed through small incisions. Limiting additional surgical damage on the carpo-metacarpal joint ligaments, capsule, and other soft tissues around the fracture preserves the blood supply to fracture fragments and also the proprioceptive system, which is key for the dynamic stability of such a hypermobile joint. This report confirms that the procedure is feasible, and a complete functional recovery can be expected with reduced postoperative rehabilitation.
Role of Collagen in Vascular Calcification
Authors: Zhao Yunyun , Sun Zhen , Li Lihua , Yuan Wei , Wang Zhongqun
Published: August 2022

Vascular calcification is a pathological process characterized by ectopic calcification of the vascular wall. Medial calcifications are most often associated with kidney disease, diabetes, hypertension, and advanced age. Intimal calcifications are associated with atherosclerosis. Collagen can regulate mineralization by binding to apatite minerals and promoting their deposition, binding to collagen receptors to initiate signal transduction, and inducing cell transdifferentiation. In the process of vascular calcification, type I collagen is not only the scaffold for mineral deposition but also a signal entity, guiding the distribution, aggregation, and nucleation of vesicles and promoting the transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells into osteochondral-like cells. In recent years, collagen has been shown to affect vascular calcification through collagen disc–domain receptors, matrix vesicles, and transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells.
Association of ATP8B3 gene polymorphisms with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease in asthmatics
Authors: Lee Jong-Uk , Kim Min Kyung , Park Seung-lee , Bae Da Jeong , Chang Hun Soo , Park Choon-Sik , Park Jong Sook
Published: August 2022

Background:

Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), an asthma phenotype, often presents with severe manifestations and it remains widely underdiagnosed because of insufficient awareness of the relationship between the ingestion of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), and asthma exacerbation. Our previous genome-wide association study demonstrated an association between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the ATP8B3 gene and the risk of AERD. This study examined AERD-related SNPs of the ATP8B3 gene in a large population.

Methods:

Twenty-five SNPs of ATP8B3 were genotyped with the GoldenGate assay using VeraCode microbeads in 141 asthmatics with AERD and 995 Aspirin-tolerant asthma (ATA). The genotype distribution was analyzed using logistic regression models. The declines in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)following an ASA challenge were compared among the genotypes and haplotypes using a type III generalized linear model.

Results:

The minor allele frequencies (MAFs) of rs10421558 A>G in the 5’UTR and rs10403288 G>A in the intron were significantly lower in the AERD than the ATA [34.0% vs. 43.8%, OR = 0.66 (0.62–0.92), P
corr = 0.03 and 28.4% vs. 35.4%, OR = 0.62 (0.59–0.89), P
corr = 0.016, respectively]. BL1ht5 was significantly higher in the AERD [7.6% vs. 1.6%, OR = 12.23 (0.2–0.51), P = 4.7 × 10−4, P
corr = 0.001]. Among them, rs10421558 A>G and BL1ht5 were associated with the percent decline in FEV1 on the oral ASA challenge test.

Conclusion:

The minor allele of rs10421558 A>G in the 5′UTR may protect against the development of AERD via the increased production of ATP8B3.
Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Two Commercially Available Single-Use Duodenoscopes
Authors: Shahid Haroon M. , Bareket Romy , Tyberg Amy , Sarkar Avik , Simon Alexa , Gurram Krishna , Gress Frank G. , Bhenswala Prashant , Chalikonda Divya , Loren David E. , Kowalski Thomas E. , Kumar Anand , Vareedayah Ashley A. , Abhyankar Priya R. , Parker Kasey , Gabr Moamen M. , Nieto Jose , De Latour Rabia , Zolotarevsky Mitchelle , Barber Jeremy , Zolotarevsky Eugene , Vazquez-Sequeiros Enrique , Gaidhane Monica , Andalib Iman , Kahaleh Michel
Published: August 2022

Introduction:

Single-use disposable duodenoscopes (SDD) have been developed to mitigate infectious risks related to reusable duodenoscopes. The aim of this study is to compare the safety and efficacy of the two available SDDs in the United States.

Methods:

We conducted a comparative study of 2 SDD in consecutive ERCP procedures performed by expert endoscopists from 9 academic centers. Performance ratings, procedure details, and adverse events were collected.

Results:

A total of 201 patients were included: 129 patients underwent ERCP with Exalt (mean age 63, Males- 66 (51%), 72 with aScope Duodeno (mean age 65, males=30 (42%). A majority of endoscopists had performed >2000 ERCPs in both groups (71% Exalt, 93% aScope Duodeno). Technical success was 92% in both groups (n=119 Exalt-group, n=66 aScope-Duodeno-group). The procedural complexity for the ERCP cases performed were: Grade 1: 35 cases (18%), Grade 2: 83 cases (41%), Grade 3: 65 cases (32%), and Grade 4: 18 cases (9%). Thirteen patients (10%) from the Exalt group and 16 patients (22%) from the aScope Duodeno group required conversion to a reusable duodenoscope. On a scale of 1 to 5, Exalt and aScope Duodeno, respectively, were rated: 2.31 versus 2.60 for location and visualization quality, 1.38 versus 1.57 for maneuverability based on papillary orientation, 1.48 versus 1.15 for suction/air control, and 2.31 versus 2.34 for elevator efficiency. None of the adverse events were related to the SDDs.

Conclusions:

The 2 SDDs were comparable. Further ongoing enhancements to these devices will improve maneuverability and clinical effectiveness.
The Impact of a Nursing Emotional Intelligence Program to Improve Patient Satisfaction
Authors: Nair Deepti
Published: August 2022

Nurses often encounter stressful situations with patients. Inadequate nursing emotional intelligence (EI) can negatively impact patient satisfaction. EI can be utilized in challenging circumstances. A nursing EI program included virtual training, online modules, and journal clubs. A pre–post design utilized the Press Ganey survey to measure patient satisfaction. The Emotional Intelligence Appraisal measured nursing EI scores. Patient satisfaction and nursing EI scores increased, highlighting the significance of providing EI education to nurses.
Polychoric Correlation with Ordinal Data in Nursing Research
Authors: Kiwanuka Frank , Kopra Juho , Sak-Dankosky Natalia , Nanyonga Rose Clarke , Kvist Tarja
Published: August 2022

Background

Measures in nursing research frequently use Likert scales that yield ordinal data. Confirmatory factor analysis using Pearson correlations commonly applies to such data, although this violates ordinal scale assumptions.

Objectives

To illustrate the application of polychoric correlations and polychoric confirmatory factor analysis as a valid alternative statistical approach using data on family members’ perceived support from nurses as an exemplar.

Methods

A primary analysis of cross-sectional data from a sample of 800 participants using data collected with the Icelandic-Family Perceived Support Questionnaire was conducted using polychoric versus Pearson correlations, analysis of variance, and confirmatory factor analysis.

Results

A two-factor measurement model was compatible with data from family members in the Ugandan care settings. Two contextual factors (cognitive and emotional support) constituted the family support measurement model. A factor correlation indicated that the two factors reflected distinct but closely related aspects of family support. Polychoric correlation revealed 13.8% (range 5.5%–25.2%) higher correlations compared to Pearson correlations. Moreover, the polychoric agreed with the data, while the Pearson confirmatory factor analysis did not fit based on multiple statistical criteria. Analyses indicated a difference in emotional and cognitive support perception across two family characteristics: education and relationship to the patient.

Discussion

A polychoric correlation suggests stronger associations, and consequently, the approach can be more credible with an ordinal Likert scale than Pearson correlations. Hence, polychoric confirmatory factor analysis can address a larger proportion of variance. In nursing research, polychoric confirmatory factor analysis can confidently be utilized when conducting confirmatory factor analysis of ordinal variables in Likert scales. Further, when a Pearson confirmatory factor analysis is used for ordinal Likert scales, the researcher should carefully evaluate the difference between the two approaches and justify their methodological choice. Even though we do not suggest dispensing with Pearson correlations entirely, we recommend using polychoric correlation for ordinal Likert scales.