bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Matrix Vesicles in Bone Tumors
Authors: Yoshida Haruhiko , Miyazaki Satoshi , Yumoto Tokichi
Published: December 2008

Bone tumors were categorized into alkaline phosphatase (ALPase)‐positive (2 ossifying fibromas, 1 benign osteoblastoma and 16 osteosarcomas) and negative (2 chondromas, 2 chondrosarcomas, 3 non ossifying fibromas, 2 malignant fibrous histiocytomas and 6 giant cell tumors of bone) groups. Production and distribution of matrix vesicles (MVs) in the tumor tissues were examined to clarify their role in neoplastic bone formation. Four distinct types of MV were isolated primarily in ALPase‐positive bone tumors: empty, amorphous, crystalline and ruptured MVs. They were formed by budding off from the cytoplasmic projections of the osteoblastic tumor cells. The significance of differences in the production rate of MVs between ALPase positive and negative bone tumors was investigated in view of the predominantly high production of MVs in ALPase‐positive bone tumors. Many more mature MVs (crystalline and ruptured) were observed in the osteoblastic lesions of osteosarcoma than in the fibroblastic and MFH‐like lesions, suggesting an intimate relationship with maturation and differentiation of the osteoblastic tumor cells. The above findings indicate that production of MVs is one of the diagnostic parameters for osteoblast‐ derived bone tumors, as well as ALPase activity, and that vesicle‐induced mineralization is a major mineralization mechanism in neoplastic bone formation. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 610‐617, 1991.
Unusual Pancreatic Tumor Resembling Solid and Cystic Tumor, with Somatostatin Production and Aberrant Crystalloid Structures
Authors: Kakihara Toshio , Fukuda Takeaki , Nemoto Keiichi , Ohnishi Yoshihisa , Kusama Katsuhiro
Published: December 2008

An unusual pancreatic tumor in a middle‐aged man is reported. The tumor was a large encapsulated mass with necrosis and hemorrhage, and microscopically, it showed a predominant microcystic pattern with solid pattern areas. The clinical and histological features of this tumor were similar to those of solid and cystic tumor. Immunohisto‐chemical studies showed that the tumor was positive for ax‐AT, NSE, CA 19 9 and somatostatin. Electron microscopy studies showed neurosecretory granules, intercellular junctions, annulate lamellae and aberrant crystalloid structures. These findings indicated that the tumor had differentiated into acinar, ductal and endocrine cells, suggesting that solid and cystic tumor originates from multipotential immature cells. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 629‐635, 1991.
Two Cases of Peritoneal Serous Papillary Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Tsujimura Takahiro , Takeda Masashi , Terada Nobuyuki , Uramoto Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

Two cases of peritoneal papillary carcinoma are reported. The patient in the first case was a 71‐year‐old woman with symptoms of obstructive ileus. Laparotomy revealed a tumor in the omentum involving the transverse colon, and several small tumors in the peritoneum and pelvic wall. However, no primary site of the tumor was seen in the ovary, pancreas, or gastrointestinal tract. The patient in the second case was a 44‐year‐old woman with carcinomatous peritonitis. Postmortem examination revealed multiple tumors in the peritoneum, omentum, and pelvic wall. Tumors were also found in the cortex with mild invasion of the underlying parenchyma of the bilateral ovaries, although these lesions were thought to be metastatic. The histologic features of the tumor in both cases were those of tubulopapillary adenocarcinoma containing scattered psammoma bodies. The cells were positive with the PAS D technique, but negative with alcian blue staining. In both cases, the serum levels of CA‐125 were considerably elevated, and the tumor cells showed positivity for CA‐125, S 100 protein, cytokeratin and EMA by im‐munohistochemistry. The present cases were most likely peritoneal serous papillary adenocarcinoma derived from extraovarian peritoneal mesothelium with miillerian potential, being different from the usual type of diffuse malignant mesothelioma. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 642‐646, 1991.
Necrotizing Sialometaplasia in the Mouth Floor Secondary to Reconstructive Surgery for Tongue Carcinoma
Authors: Matsumoto Toshiharu , Kuwabara Noriyuki , Shiotsu Hidetoshi , Fukuda Yoshiro , Yanai Akira , Ichikawa Ginichiro
Published: December 2008

Necrotizing sialometaplasia is a benign inflammatory process, which histologically can mimic squamous cell carcinoma. A 63‐year‐old man underwent left hemiglossectomy involving transplantation of a myocutaneous flap for squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. One month after the operation, necrotizing sialometaplasia occurred in the minor salivary gland tissue of the mouth floor, compressed by the necrotic flap. This case is very unusual because of the ocurrence of necrotizing sialometaplasia in the floor of the mouth. The etiology of the lesion was considered to be ischemia secondary to compression by the necrotic myocutaneous flap. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 689–693, 1991.
Ovarian Sex Cord Tumor with Annular Tubules: Report of a Case
Authors: Nomura Kouichi , Furusato Masakuni , Nikaido Takashi , Aizawa Shigeo
Published: December 2008

A 23‐year‐old woman underwent resection of a tumorous right ovary after long‐standing irregular genital bleeding. The tumor measured 50X30 mm and had a yellowish‐white solid cut surface with scattered small cysts. The light microscopic diagnosis was a sex cord tumor with annular tubules. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells had Charcot‐Boettcher filaments and showed vimentin positivity by immunohistochemistry. A three‐dimensional reconstruction study proved that the tumor cell nests had an ovoid outer margin and contained blind‐ended ellipsoid hyaline bodies. This tumor is presumed to be a variant of sex cord/stromal tumor showing differentiation predominantly to Sertoli cells. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 701–706, 1991.
A Testicular Teratoma with Rhabdomyosarcoma and Seminoma
Authors: Nagaharal Noriyuki , Kitamura Hitoshi , Kanisawa Masayoshi , Ikeda Akiyoshi , Shirai Kazuhiro , Matsushita Kazuhiko
Published: December 2008

A case of testicular mixed germ cell tumor with teratoma in a 36‐year‐old Japanese male is reported. Histologically, it was strongly suggested that the rhabdomyosarcoma had originated from the mesenchymal element of the teratoma. A review of the literature revealed six definitive and two possible previous cases of testicular rhabdomyosarcoma with teratoma, either with or without other germ cell malignancies. However, the present case associated with seminoma as a germ cell tumor is the first of its kind to be reported. In contrast to the poor prognosis observed in the previous cases, the present patient remains free of disease 3 years and 3 months after orchiectomy, chemotherapy and irradiation. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 707–711, 1991.
Goblet Cell Carcinoid of the Vermiform Appendix with Ovarian Metastasis Mimicking Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma
Authors: Ikeda Eiji , Tsutsumi Yutaka , Yoshida Hiroyuki , Yanagi Kenichi
Published: December 2008

We describe a case of goblet cell carcinoid of the vermiform appendix, which metastasized to the bilateral ovaries, uterus, vagina and peritoneum three years and four months after appendectomy. The appendiceal tumor showed transmural infiltration of carcinoembryonic antigen‐positive goblet cell‐type tumor cells, intermingled with a small number of argyrophilic cells immunoreactive for serotonin and chromogranin A. The presence of neurosecretory‐type granules was confirmed ultrastructurally in some mucin negative tumor cells. The pattern of proliferation was typical of carcinoid tumor originating from the lowermost part of the mucosa, and showed lymphatic permeation. The metastatic lesions in the pelvic organs showed either diffuse infiltration of goblet cell‐type tumor cells or mucinous cystadenocarcinoma like features, the latter being evident in the right ovary. No neuroendocrine component was identified in the metastatic deposits. The kinship of appendiceal goblet cell carcinoid to adenocarcinoma is discussed. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 455–460,1991.
Two Autopsy Cases of Primary Leiomyosarcoma of the Liver Superiority of Muscle‐specific Actin Immunoreactivity in Diagnosis
Authors: Watanabe Kazuo , Saito Atsuko , Wakabayashi Hironao , Kawaguchi Takanori , Suzuki Toshimitsu
Published: December 2008

Two autopsy cases of leiomyosarcoma of the liver in a 49‐year old female and 63‐year‐old male are reported. Both of the liver tumors showed electron microscopically dense patches in the cytoplasm and intermediate junctions between the tumor cells, suggesting a smooth muscle cell origin, irrespective of their different histological features. The nature of both tumors was confirmed by positive immunoreactivity for muscle‐specific actin in the tumor cells, whereas desmin immunoreactivity was labile in both cases, showing a higher diagnostic value of the former compared with the latter in these leiomyosarcomas. Both cases, showed extensive distant metastases in spite of an evident difference in their mitotic indices, indicating that this index is not reliable for judging the metastatic potential of these tumors. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 461–465, 1991.
Lupus Nephritis in Autoimmune‐prone NZBxNZW F1 Mice and Mechanisms of Transition of the Glomerular Lesions
Authors: Tokado Hiroshi , Yumura Wako , Shiota Jun , Hirose Sachiko , Sato Hidetoshi , Shirai Toshikazu
Published: December 2008

The pattern of renal glomerular lesions in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)‐prone NZBxNZW (B/W) F, mice shows an age‐associated transition, as is often seen in human lupus nephritis during the clinical course of the disease. Observations revealed that the earliest lesions were confined to the mesangium associated mainly with IgM deposits, and to a lesser degree with IgG. In mice over 5 months of age, the lesions extended gradually to the capillary wall with fine granular subepithelial deposits of IgG, but not of IgM. The ultimate pattern of the glomerular lesion was one of diffuse proliferation with diffusely distributed deposits of both IgG and IgM in the mesangium and along the capillary wall. Even at this stage, subepithelial deposits were composed of IgG, but not of IgM. The pattern of glomerular deposits of endogenous retroviral envelope glycoprotein gp70, which is highly anionic, virtually coincided with that of IgG. Taking these findings collectively, it is suggested that the progression of glomerular lesions in B/W F, mice depends largely on the age‐associated appearance of retroviral gp70 IgG anti gp70 immune complexes in the circulation and their deposition along peripheral subepithelial, and eventually subendothelial areas. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 1–11, 1991.
Effects of Escherichia coli Endotoxin on Structure and Permeability of Myocardial Capillaries
Authors: Cho Tae Hwan , Kwak Yung Sik , Sohn Tae Joong
Published: December 2008

A study was carried out to investigate changes in myocardial capillaries induced by endotoxin, in order to clarify the pathogenesis of myocardial damage in endotoxemia. Wis‐tar rats were injected intraperitoneally with 100 mg/kg Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide and then sacrificed at 1, 2, 3,4, 5,6,8, and 24 h after injection. The myocardium was observed by electron microscopy with histochemistry using horseradish peroxidase and immunocytochemistry for Na+, K+ ATPase. The earliest evident endothelial alterations were swelling, increased numbers of pinocytotic vesicles, and formation of cytoplasmic projections. Interstitial edema and focal detachment of the endothelial cells from the basement membrane occurred with time. Vascular permeability was increased after endotoxin injection. Activity of Na+, K+‐ATPase was reduced on the plasma membrane of the endothelial cells. It is concluded that endotoxin induces structural and enzymatic changes in the myocardial capillary endothelium and an increase of capillary permeability. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 12–18, 1991.
Alterations in Copy Number of c‐erbB‐2 and c‐myc Proto‐oncogenes in Advanced Stage of Human Breast Cancer
Authors: Tsuda Hitoshi , Hirohashi Setsuo , Hirota Teruyuki , Shimosato Yukio
Published: December 2008

In our previous study, amplification of c‐erbB‐2 and c‐myc proto‐oncogenes in DNA of human breast cancer occurred in 16% and 4% of cases, respectively, and increased copy number of these genes is suggested to be associated with aggressive primary tumors. We examined change in the copy number of c‐erb B 2 and c‐myc proto‐oncogenes between primary and multiple metastatic tumors in 10 patients with breast cancer, who underwent breast surgery and were later autopsied, by using DNAs isolated from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissues and the dot blot‐hybridization method. In primary tumors, amplification of c‐erbB‐2 and c‐myc was detected in three and two cases, whereas at the stage with systemic metastasis, it was detected in four and three cases, respectively. In all four cases with amplified c‐erbB‐2 gene and in one of the three with amplified c‐myc gene, the copy number was clearly increased in the metastatic tumors in comparison with the primary. Microscopically, more than five mitotic figures per high power field were detected in metastatic tumors of five cases including three with amplified c‐erbB‐2, but in only two primary. These results suggested that the aggressive nature of breast cancer is frequently enhanced in accordance with cancer metastasis. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 19–23, 1991.
Histopathological Study of Mucosal and Submucosal Cysts of Stomach
Authors: Sung Mu‐En
Published: December 2008

To clarify the characteristics of mucosal and submucosal gastric cysts, five stomal cancers of the remnant stomach, two cancers with a diffuse cystic distribution and three ordinarily resected cancers were used to study mucinous patterns, proliferative cells and humoral defensive factors in the cystic epithelia. Most cysts showed a gastric appearance with relatively dominant ConA III (+) pyloric glandlike features, and were positively stained with high‐iron diamine alcian blue. Although a few cells positive for proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were seen in epithelia, cysts generally revealed a low degree of proliferation, less than 2% of epithelial cells being PCNA (+). Cysts were formed from the isthmus or from ordinary glands, and showed an increase of IgA and secretory component in epithelia of the supranuclear, luminal or baso‐lateral region and increased lysozyme (Ly) activity. Some cysts contained cells with strong positivity for Ly which could not be confirmed as Paneth cells by HE staining. Mucosal and submucosal cysts are considered to arise as a reaction to inflammation, and have a tendency to show both gastric and intestinal characteristics. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 31–40, 1991.
Tubular Adenoma of the Gallbladder with Squamoid Spindle Cell Metaplasia:Report of Three Cases with Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Nishihara Kazuyoshi , Yamaguchi Koji , Hashimoto Hiroshi , Enjoji Munetomo
Published: December 2008

Three cases of tubular adenoma of the gallbladder with squamoid spindle cell metaplasia are reported. Two of the three patients, who were middle‐aged Japanese, had a solitary polyp in the gallbladder, and the other had three polyps. All the lesions were detected incidentally by ultrasonography. The polyps were pedunculated with a fine or frail stalk, and ranged from 0.5 to 3.9 cm in diameter. Histologically, they were tubular adenomas accompanied by scattered foci composed of a compact collection of short‐spindle or oval cells with mild atypia. These cells did not retain intercellular bridges, and lacked intracellular keratinization. Immunohistochemically, the spindle cells stained positively for high‐molecular‐weight cytokeratin (EAB 903, a marker of squamous cell differentiation), whereas adenoma cells lining the tubules were negative for this antigen. Therefore, the spindle cell component is considered to represent squamoid metaplasia of adenoma cells. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 41–45, 1991.
Clinical Application of Flow Cytometry for DNA Analysis of Solid Tumors
Authors: Sasaki Kohsuke , Murakami Tomoyuki
Published: December 2008

Recent developments of flow cytometry (FCM) technology which make multiple correlative biological measurements on normal and neoplastic cells is affecting areas of diagnostic pathology as well as research fields, and a general understanding of FCM techniques is essential for pathologists. Today, FCM DNA measurement of tumors also becomes routine in the clinical and/or pathological laboratory for aid in cancer diagnosis and cancer treatment. It can also contribute to diagnosis of tumors as a supplemental method to conventional histopathology, and DNA ploidy and the percentages of S‐phase fraction are considered as complementary prognostic parameters independent of the stage of disease. This article reviews clinical applications of flow cytometry focusing on the DNA measurements of solid tumors, and related practical issues, such as the methodology for nuclear DNA measurement, interpretation of DNA histograms and the relationship of DNA ploidy and S phase fraction to clinical and pathological features of human solid tumors.
Syringomyelia
Authors: Hinokuma Kaoru , Ohama Eisaku , Oyanagi Kiyomitsu , Kakita Akiyoshi , Kawai Kensuke , Ikuta Fusahiro
Published: December 2008

Eighteen autopsy cases of syringomyelia were studied neuropathologically. In six cases associated with Chiari II malformation, the central canal was patent from the fourth ventricle to the syrinx, and the syrinx was simply a dilated central canal. In four cases associated with Chiari I malformation, the syrinx was irregularly shaped and communicated with the subarachnoid space at the entry zone of the posterior nerve roots. In six cases associated with spinal cord or posterior fossa tumors, the syrinx was located adjacent to the tumor tissues, and occupied the medullary gray matter or the spinal intermediate zone and the ventral part of the posterior horn. With regard to the pathogenesis of syringomyelia, we concluded that in cases associated with Chiari II malformation, vermian protrusion and direct continuity between the fourth ventricle and the syrinx were essential. In cases associated with Chiari I malformation, in addition to tonsillar protrusion, communication between the syrinx and the subarachnoid space was thought to play an important role, and in cases associated with tumors, the circulatory disturbance due to the presence of the tumors caused the syrinx.
Initial Changes of Rat Leukemia Induced by 1‐Ethyl‐1‐Nitrosourea and 1‐Butyl‐1‐Nitrosourea
Authors: Takayama Shojiro
Published: December 2008

The initial histological changes of leukemia were investigated in rats to which 1‐ethyl‐ 1‐nitrosourea and 1 butyl 1 nitrosourea were orally administered. The appearance of orthochromatic erythroblasts in the peripheral blood was used as the index of the initial stage of leukemia. The rat leukemia progressed from solitary lesions to scattered and further diffuse lesions. These leukemias are thought to begin as one, or only a few nodular foci, mainly in the bone marrow and partly in the spleen. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 158–165, 1992.
Isolation of Subclones with Different Tumorigenicity and Metastatic Ability from Rat Nephroblastoma Cell Line, ENUT
Authors: Sumino Kaoru , Nagashima Yoji , Ohaki Yoshiharu , Umeda Makoto
Published: December 2008

Seven subclones derived from a chemically induced rat nephroblastoma cell line, ENUT, were isolated and their cytological characteristics were examined in order to investigate the biological nature of the parent tumor. The subclones were divisible into two types based on morphological and biological features: polygonal cells with well developed junctional complexes and less developed cell surface microvilli, showing a doubling time of 13.0 to 14.0 h and tumorigenicity in nude mice of 42 100%, and spindle ‐shaped cells with poorly developed junctional complexes and well developed microvilli, showing a doubling time of 9.7 to 12.2 h and 100% tumorigenicity. Potential for both spontaneous and experimental metastasis to the lungs was apparently higher in the spindle — shaped clones than in the polygonal clones. In spite of their differing characteristics, the cytochemical phenotypes of the two clonal types were almost identical to those of immature renal tubules of the developing fetal kidney. The present findings suggest that these subclones possess characteristics of early neph‐rogenic epithelial cells, and we speculate that the biological differences observed among the subclones may be explained by differences in malignant progression. In addition, these clones appear to be a useful model for the study of tumorigenicity and metastasis. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 166–176, 1992.
DNA Value and Prognosis of Renal Tumors Differences between Childhood and Adult Tumors
Authors: Yoshida Sachiko
Published: December 2008

In an attempt to reveal characteristic DNA ploidy patterns in primary renal tumors in children and adults, the nuclear DNA contents of 71 tumors were investigated. Nuclear DNA contents were measured by epifluorescence microscopy. The ploidy patterns of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) and Wilms’tumors (WTs) were different. In RCCs there was no predominant DNA value, and aneuploidy indicated a poorer prognosis than diploidy. In contrast, a diploid pattern was predominant in WTs regardless of the prognosis. These results appear to reflect differences between adults and children in the mechanisms of tumorigenesis of renal tumors. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 185–192, 1992.
Diagnostic Criteria for Human Diffuse M a lignant Mesothelioma
Authors: Suzuki Yasunosuke
Published: December 2008

Diffuse malignant mesothelioma is a rare tumor in the general population, yet is unique in that it is caused almost exclusively by exposure to asbestos with long‐term latency (15 years and over). Pathologists are required to provide a reliable diagnosis of the tumor for clinicians who are responsible for the treatment of affected patients. Pathological diagnosis of diffuse malignant mesothelioma is not always easy; however, it has improved over the last few decades. Currently, comprehensive analysis, including gross appearance, histology, histochemistry, immunocyto‐chemistry and electron microscopy is recommended as the best approach to an accurate diagnosis of diffuse malignant mesothelioma. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 767–786, 1992.
A Case of Adenocarcinoma of the Lung with a Spindle Cell Component
Authors: Hiroshima Kenzo , Ishibashi Masahiko , Ohwada Hidemi , Kawano Yutaka , Mizutani Fumio , Hayashi Yutaka
Published: December 2008

We report a 60‐year old man, who was admitted to the hospital with complaints of cough and sputum. His chest x‐ray showed an abnormal mass in the right upper lobe. After admission he noticed the painful gingival tumor. Right upper lobectomy and resection of the gingival tumor were performed. Their histological features showed that the tumor consisted of a papillary and tubular adenocarcinoma mixed with a component of spindle cells. Immuno‐histochemical study demonstrated a positive reaction in the epithelial component for keratin and epithelial membrane antigen, and not only these epithelial markers but also vimentin were expressed in some spindle tumor cells. Electron microscopic study confirmed the biphasic pattern, showing gland formation and undifferentiated cells. We diagnose this case as adenocarcinoma of the lung with a spindle cell component and the gingival tumor was meta‐static. Autopsy showed that metastatic lesions were found in the left adrenal gland and in the left kidney. The tumor cells in the left adrenal gland were composed of spindle cells and the tumor in the left kidney showed gland formation. lmmunohistochemical and electron microscopic findings of surgical and autopsy specimen suggest that this tumor is of epithelial origin, and the spindle cells are derived from immature mesenchymal cell transformation of epithelial cells. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 841–846, 1992.
PleuraI Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma Concomitant with Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Nabeshima Kazuki , Lnoue Teruhiko , Tanaka Yoshihisa , Koono Masashi
Published: December 2008

A rare autopsy case, in which pleural malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) and peripheral pulmonary adenocarcinoma were present concurrently in the right thorax, is described. Clinically, only a pleural mass was detected because of massive pleural effusion. Since cytologic examination of the effusion showed only adenocarcinoma cells, the pleural mass was considered to be enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes due to metastasis of adenocarcinoma. Histopathologically, the pleural mass showed the features of a common type of MFH, accompanied by meta‐static adenocarcinoma cells in the pleural lymphatics. No mixture of MFH and adenocarcinoma cells was present. lmmunohistochemicaIly, the MFH lesion showed positive staining for alpha‐1‐antitrypsin, alpha‐1‐chymotrypsin, and factor Xllla, but no reactivity for cytokeratins. The adenocarcinoma lesion showed positive staining for car‐cinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and contained hyaluroni‐dase resistant mucin. To our knowledge, this is the second reported case of pleural MFH with pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 847–851, 1992.
Correlation between MitochondriaI Enlargement in RenaI Proximal Tubules and Microalbuminuria in Rats with Early Streptozotocin‐induced Diabetes
Authors: Kaneda Kouji , Iwao Jin , Sakata Noriyuki , Takebayashi Shigeo
Published: December 2008

To clarify the ultrastructural changes in renal proximal tubules causing microalbuminuria in the early stage of diabetic nephropathy, three different groups of rats were prepared: rats with streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetes given no treatment (DMut; n = 7), rats with STZ‐induced diabetes treated with insulin (DMt; n = 7), and non‐diabetic rats injected with citrate buffer (control; n = 7). In each group, the laboratory findings, ATP content of the renal cortex, and the size of proximal tubule cells and their nuclei and mitochondria (MT) were determined. In two weeks after the start of the study, MT in renal proximal tubules showed diffuse enlargement in the DMut group as compared with those in the control group. Renal cortical ATP content, fractional sodium excretion (FENa), urinary excretion of β−microglobulin and albumin were also increased significantly in the DMut group relative to the controls. In the DMt group, most of the examined parameters returned almost to normal. There were positive correlations between each of the following parameters: hyperglycemia and MT enlargement, MT enlargement and increased cortical ATP content, increased cortical ATP content and increased FENa, increased FENa and increased urinary excretion of β‐microglobulin and albumin. On the basis of these results, we conclude that mitochondrial enlargement, resulting from disturbed metabolism of ATP, may reduce active transport in renal proximal tubules, which, in turn, may impair reabsorption in the tubules. This would cause urinary excretion of low‐molecular‐weight proteins and microalbumin in the early stage of diabetic nephropathy. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 855–860, 1992.
Detection of Human Papiliomavirus DNA in lnvasive Cervical Cancers by the Polymerase Chain Reaction and Its Clinical Significance
Authors: Kashiwabara Kenji , Nakajima Takashi
Published: December 2008

In order to detect human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in invasive cervical cancers, three different polymerase chain reactions to amplify different subgenomic fragments of HPV DNA were carried out on DNA extracted from 93 formalin fixed and paraffin‐embedded tumor tissues. This study detected HPV DNA in 54 cases (58.1%), which broke down to HPV 16 in 39 (41.9%) cases, HPV 18 in six (6.4%), HPV 52 in three, HPV 33 in one and unclassified HPV type in the remainder. Histopathologically, squamous cell carcinomas frequently contained HPV 16, whereas, HPV 18 was present in adenocarcinoma, adenos‐quamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma of the cervix. Clinicopathological study revealed that HPV 16 and 18 DNA found were more frequently than other HPV subtypes in premenopausal patients. Moreover, HPV 18 DNA positive cancers had a relatively high recurrence rate. These results indicate that cervical cancers might be clinically influenced by the difference in subtypes of the infecting HPV. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 876–883, 1992.
Clear CelI HepatocelIular Caxinoma with Abundant Myxoid Stroma
Authors: Fukuda Takeaki , Ohnishi Yoshihisa , Miyazaki Yutaka , Ohnuki Keizo , Tachikawa Shinzo
Published: December 2008

A case of the clear cell variant of hepatocellular carcinoma with an abundant myxoid stroma is presented. The tumor occurred in a 55 year old Japanese man, and swelling of the scrotum was the initial symptom. The patient underwent high‐level orchiectomy, and the pathologic diagnosis was a metastatic tumor on the surface of the processus vaginalis and intact testis. Extensive examination failed to show a primary site. Subsequent autopsy revealed a large hepatic tumor and metastatic nodules with a prominent myxoid appearance in multiple organs. Histological‐ly, each tumor consisted of uniform small tumor cells with clear cytoplasm attributed to abundant accumulation of glycogen particles, and an abundant myxoid stroma was also present. The tumor cells were positive for keratin, α1– antitrypsin, α1‐antichymotrypsin, liver ferritin, prealbumin, and fibrinogen, but lacked α fetoprotein. These findings indicated that this case was hepatocellular carcinoma of the clear cell type with a prominent myxoid stroma. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 897–903, 1992.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Containing Endocrine CelIs: An Autopsy Report of Triplecancer Involving the Liver, Kidney and Thyroid
Authors: Tajima Yasuo , Nakajima Tohru , Sugano Isamu , Nagao Koichi , Kondo Yoichiro , Saito Jun
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of triplecancer (hepatocellular carcinoma of the liver, renal cell carcinoma of the kidney, and papillary carcinoma of the thyroid) was reported. Histological features of primary hepatic tumor suggested undiffer‐entiated hepatocellular carcinoma (Edmondson Steiner's Grade IV). However, certain tumor cells showed distinctive argyrophilic reactions and electron microscopy revealed small round granules resembling electron dense endocrine secretory granules in their cytoplasm. Immuno‐histochemistry demonstrated that tumor cells showed a positive reaction for AFP while some others were positive for chromogranin A. lmmunohistochemical demonstration of AFP production by tumor cells indicated their he‐patocyte origin. No endocrine syndrome had been present and no alternative primary source of the endocrine tumor was detected. Tumors of the kidney and thyroid were considered to be incidentally combined. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 904–910, 1992.
Disseminated Pneumocystis Carinii Infection in a Hemophiliac Patient with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: Wakabayashi Tomo , Oka Shinichi , Shimada Kaoru , Nakano Imaharu , Iwatsubo Takeshi , Mori Shigeo
Published: December 2008

A case of disseminated Pneumocystis carinii (PC) infection in a 28 year old Japanese male hemophiliac with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is reported. The patient had displayed a high fever and diffuse faint interstitial infiltrates on chest X‐ray films without dyspnea three months before his death. At that time, no PC was detected after four consecutive induced sputum tests. Serum anti‐cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgM was positive by EIA. No treatment for PC and CMV was given at the patient's request. Autopsy findings disclosed disseminated PC infection consisting of granulomas with caseation like necrosis and frothy exudate in the lungs and disseminated organized calcification in the blood vessels of extrapulmonary organs. PC cysts and/or trophozoites were detected in these lesions. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 262‐266, 1992.
Jejunal Perforation Associated with Cytomegalovirus Infection in a Patient with Adult T‐Cell Leukemia‐Lymphoma
Authors: Nabeshima Kazuki , Sakaguchi Ei , Inoue Shohei , Eizuru Yoshito , Minamishima Yoichi , Koono Masashi
Published: December 2008

A patient with adult T‐cell leukemia lymphoma suffered a jejunal perforation, which we believe was directly attributable to cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. In the areas of ulceration and perforation in the small bowel, blood vessels penetrating the muscularis propria showed extensive lining of cytomegalic endothelial cells with CMV inclusions, accompanied by occasional disruption of the walls, partial occlusion of the lumina, fibrin thrombi, and hemorrhage. The CMV‐induced vascular damage seemed to be closely related to the occurrence of ulcers and perforation. The recognition of CMV as a cause of lethal gastrointestinal lesions in immunocompromised hosts has become more important with the advent of anti CMV therapy. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 267 271, 1992.
Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Matsumoto Toshiharu , Lijima Tetsuo , Kuwabara Noriyuki , Wakumoto Yoshiaki , Fukushima Takeshi , Sakamoto Yoshirou , Kitagawa Ryuichi , Takeda Keiko , Oonuma Yachiyo , Suzuki Setsuko
Published: December 2008

Papillary renal cell carcinoma is an uncommon variant of renal cell carcinoma which has unique features including hypovascularity or avascularity, extensive stromal macrophage infiltration and better prognosis than that for nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma. Two cases of papillary renal cell carcinoma presenting hypovascular or avascular angiology are presented. Histologically, the two tumors had a purely papillary structure. Papillae were lined by a layer of epithelial cells which lacked prominent cellular atypia, and there were numerous macrophages in the stroma. In addition, in one patient, extensive calcification of the tumor capsule was present. Furthermore, our experience in the present study with imprint cytology indicates that it offers corroborative information for the intraoperative diagnosis made on the basis of frozen section examination. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 298 303, 1992.
Nucleolar Organizer Regions in Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors
Authors: Fujita Shuichi , Takahashi Hiroshi , Okabe Haruo
Published: December 2008

Proliferative activity of carcinomas arising from salivary glands was analyzed by enumeration of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs). The mean numbers of AgNORs in the various tumors were as follows: muco‐epidermoid carcinoma, 2.20; acinic cell carcinoma, 2.51; adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), 2.57; carcinoma in pleomorphic adenoma, 1.00 (benign component) and 3.99 (cancer‐bearing area); salivary duct carcinoma, 4.49; polymorphous low‐grade adenocarcinoma, 3.37; sebaceous carcinoma, 2.57; oncocytic carcinoma, 4.63; adenocarcinoma, 4.53. Cells of most tumors showed heterogeneous activity within the same tumor. In mucoepidermoid carcinoma, the mucous cells had suppressed activity in comparison with the epidermoid cells and intermediate cells. In ACC, the activity of the tumor cells increased according to growth pattern in the order tubular, glandular and solid. In carcinoma in pleomorphic adenoma, vigorous proliferative activity was observed in the malignant component, whereas less active cells were seen in the myxoid or chondroid matrix. AgNOR staining was useful for distinguishing benign from malignant regions in carcinoma in pleomorphic adenoma. Our results suggest that mucoep‐idermoid carcinoma, acinic cell carcinoma and ACC, except for that with a solid growth pattern, may be considered as low‐grade malignancies, whereas solid‐type ACC, the cancer component in carcinoma in pleomorphic adenoma and some of the other carcinomas have high‐grade malignant behavior. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 727–733, 1992.
A Case of Primary Sarcoma of the Pulmonary Artery
Authors: Hiroshima Kenzo , Uruma Takahiro , Ishibashi Masahiko , Ohwada Hidemi , Hayashi Yutaka
Published: December 2008

A 39‐year‐old male was admitted complaining of nonproductive cough and dyspnea on exertion. Death occurred eight months after onset of the symptoms. Autopsy examination showed that the pulmonary trunk and left main pulmonary artery were markedly dilated and completely occluded by a tumor. The tumor had infiltrated into the left upper lobe and mediastinal lymph nodes, and metastatic nodules were found in both lungs and in the left adrenal gland. Small foci of infarction were noted in the lower lobes of both lungs. The tumor cells were of two types; pleomorphic spindle cells and bizarre multinucleated giant cells. Immunohistochemically, they were positive for vimentin, myosin, and lysozyme, but negative for des‐min and muscle‐specific actin. The cytoplasm of the tumor cells was showed by electron microscopy to contain microfilaments, dense bodies, and pinocytotic vesicles. We diagnosed this case as undifferentiated sarcoma of the pulmonary artery. Approximately 100 cases of pulmonary artery sarcoma have been reported. Histopathologicaliy, almost all of the reported cases showed both spindle cells and pleomorphic giant cells, indicating a biologically anaplastic neoplasm. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 755–759, 1992.
A Case Report of Inflammatory Pseudosarcoma of the Urinary Bladder
Authors: Inoue Hayato , Iwabuchi Keiichi , Kuwao Sadahito , Kasai Kiyoshi , Furuhata Masayuki , Kameya Toru
Published: December 2008

A case of inflammatory pseudosarcoma of the urinary bladder in a 35 year‐old Japanese male is presented. This benign lesion can easily be mistaken for spindle cell sarcoma since it consists of rhabdomyoblast like elongated strap cells showing infiltrative growth, and whether it is benign or malignant is difficult to determine by microscopic examination. In this case, spindle cell proliferation extended among bundles of the superficial muscle layer. However, no abnormal mitoses, severe nuclear atypia or cellular pleomorphism could be seen, thus indicating inflammatory pseudosarcoma. Although the lesion was not completely resected, no recurrent disease has been clinically observed for two years following transurethral resection. Urologists and surgical pathologists must be able to detect this lesion in order to avoid unnecessary surgical procedures. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 760 765,1992.
Fundamental Morphological Changes in Human Olivary Hypertrophy
Authors: Okamoto Koichi , Hirai Shunsaku , Lizuka Tomomichi , Watanabe Mitsunori
Published: December 2008

Morphological features of neurons in human inferior olivary nuclei were studied in 6 autopsied patients with dentato olivary pathway lesions, who had survived for between 6 days and 15 months. Central chromatolysis like neuronal enlargements were already present in the acute cases. Electron microscopy revealed round, homogeneous and electron dense granules, varying in diameter from 0.15 μm to 2.5 μm, occuring frequently within the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the chromatolytic neurons of all 6 patients. No similar granules were observed in 6 controls. The vacuoles were due to dilatation of the rough ER, and often contained floccular materials. Neurofilamentous hyperplasia in the neurons was more frequently seen in the chronic cases. These findings suggest that the fundamental changes in the neurons in olivary hypertrophy occur within the rough ER.
Sacrococcygeal Chordoma with a Malignant Spindle Cell Component
Authors: Fukuda Toshio , Aihara Toshikazu , Ban Satoshi , Nakajima Takashi , Machinami Rikuo
Published: December 2008

Two autopsy cases of sacrococcygeal chordoma which showed sarcomatous components in the primary and metastatic tumors are reported. Case 1 was a 48‐year‐old female who died 9 years after the development of the initial symptoms. Autopsy findings showed metastatic tumors consisted of malignant tumor cells similar to fibrosarcoma and osteosarcoma. Case 2 was a 63‐year‐old male who died 11 years after the development of the initial symptom. At autopsy only sarcomatous tumors resembling malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) were observed in the metastatic lesions. Both cases were treated with irradiation. It is suggested that the appearance of sarcomatous tumor in current two cases of chordoma might be due to the phenomenon of tumor progression closely as sociated with irradiation therapy. These two cases can be categorized as “chordoma with a malignant spindle cell component” in a sense that highly malignant sarcomatous components existed in conjunction with chordoma in the primary tumors.
A Case of Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma with Sarcomatous Elements Initially Manifested as a Submucosal Tumor of the Stomach
Authors: Fukuda Takeaki , Ohnishi Yoshihisa , Katagiri Jiro , Ohnuki Keizo , Tachikawa Shinzo
Published: December 2008

A case of pulmonary adenocarcinoma, which was initially manifested as a gastric submucosal tumor, is presented. Endoscopy showed a submucosal tumor in the fundic region in a 79‐year‐old Japanese woman. Initial biopsy specimens of the stomach revealed atypical spindle cell proliferation, suggesting primary leiomyosarcoma of the stomach. However, biopsy specimens obtained one year later were diagnosed as malignant lymphoma or malignant histiocytosis of the stomach. Autopsy revealed a large necrotic lesion in the right S8 region with metastases in multiple organs. Microscopy demonstrated well to moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma containing spindle or pleomorphic sarcomatous elements. Metastatic nodules including the gastric tumors all showed sarcomatous elements with no epithelial component. Immunohistochemistry showed positive reactions for keratin, epithelial membrane antigen, and carcinoembryonic antigen in areas of carcinoma, whereas most of the sarcomatous elements revealed no positivity for any of the antibodies used, except for focal keratin and EMA positivity in the primary site. This is a rare case of pulmonary adenocarcinoma with sarcomatous elements discovered as a gastric tumor at initial diagnosis, resulting from metastasis of the sarcomatous element in the submucosa.
Localization of E‐Cadherin adhesion molecules in human gingiva and gingival carcinoma
Authors: Sakaki Toshio , Wato Masahiro , Otake Satoko , Shirasu Rikiya , Tanaka Akio
Published: December 2008

Immunohistochemical investigations were carried out on the localization and expression of the Ca2+‐dependent intercellular adhesion molecule E‐cadherin in human gingiva and gingival carcinoma. Although E‐cadherin did not appear in the parakeratinized layer of either clinically healthy or inflamed gingiva, it did appear strongly in the prickle layer and somewhat more weakly in the basal layer. Immunogold particles reactive to anti‐E‐cadherin monoclonal antibody in the electron microscopic findings were localized only in the vicinity of the desmosomes of the prickle and basal layers.

In the case of gingival carcinoma, although E‐cadherin was strongly expressed in the cells surrounding the keratinized region in the cancer nests, the expression decreased towards the marginal portion of the cancer nests. The distribution of E‐cadherin in these cells may be dependent on the condition of the cancer cells that are potentially invasive.

These findings suggest that cells of the parakeratinized layer of gingiva and cells of the marginal portion of the gingival carcinoma nests may easily detach or invade. In addition, the findings suggest that the gingival carcinoma used in this study tended to be invasive.
Cell Kinetic and morphological studies of human cholangiocellular carcinoma
Authors: Minato Hiroshi , Nakanuma Yasuni
Published: December 2008

We investigated the cell kinetics and morphologies of cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC) using 48 autopsied or surgically resected cases (47 were adenocarcinoma and the remaining adenosquamous cell carcinoma), all of which were formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded. Cell kinetics were analyzed by counting the number of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) using immunostaining of proliferating cell nuclear antigens (PCNA) and flow cytometric DNA analysis. Dedifferentiation of CCC was positively correlated with AgNOR number (2.22 ± 0.21 in well differentiated, 3.66 ± 0.85 in moderately differentiated and 4.17 ± 0.49 in poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas, respectively). In 22 cases, the labeling index (LI) of PCNA was higher in moderately and poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas (24.0 ± 2.35 and 26.0 ± 4.89, respectively) than in well differentiated ones (10.8 ± 2.14). A majority of well differentiated ones were diploid, while aneuploidy prevailed in moderately to poorly differentiated ones. These data suggest that cell proliferative indices and nuclear DNA analysis of CCC accurately reflect their histological grading. The anatomical location of CCC along the biliary tree had no relation to either of the cell kinetic data. In autopsy cases, the patients with organ and lymph node metastases tended to show a higher DNA index and aneuploidy. This study implies that a combination of several cell kinetic data is valuable for the evaluation of the biological behaviors of CCC, and also supports further studies of cell kinetics of CCC using small‐sized biopsy specimens, as a prognostic indicator.
Extracranial meningioma in the parapharyngeal space
Authors: Mori Seiji , Kobayashi Shoji , Miki Hiroshi , Hirakawa Eiichiro , Haba Reiji , Ohmori Masaki , Miyaguchi Mamoru
Published: December 2008

A case of extracranial meningioma in the parapharyngeal space is reported. A 24 year old woman presented with swelling and tenderness of the parapharyngeal region. A tumor was palpable in this region, and the tumor was surgically removed. Macroscopically the tumor occurred from the portion between the axis and atlas. Histologically the tumor cells, which had oval nuclei and a slightly eosinophilic cytoplasm, proliferated in fibrous connective tissues to form small nests. As the cell borders were not clear, the tumor structure appeared to be syncytium‐like. Immunohisto‐chemically the tumor cells were positive for anti‐vimentin antibodies, anti‐S‐100 protein antibodies and anti‐epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) antibodies in part. Electron microscopically the tumor cells had complex interdigitations of their adjacent plasma membranes. These were studded with many desmosomes. Bundles of intermediate filaments were visible in the cytoplasm. On the basis of the clinical, histological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopical features, the tumor was diagnosed as extracranial meningotheliomatous meningioma. The parapharyngeal space is an extremely rare location for extracranial meningioma, and our case is the first in Japan as far as we know.
Pulmonary hypertension due to tumor emboli: A report of three autopsy cases with morphological correlations to radiological findings
Authors: Yutani Chikao , Imakita Masami , Ishibashi‐Ueda Hatsue , Katsuragi Michiaki , Yoshioka Takao , Kunieda Takeyoshi
Published: December 2008

Three cases of pulmonary hypertension caused by tumor emboli to the lungs are described. Two of the three cases had a clinical diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism until surgical embolectomy, and the other had a diagnosis of primary pulmonary hypertension. Autopsy disclosed chondrosarcoma, choriocarcinoma and gastric cancer as the primary tumors, respectively. Pulmonary vascular obstruction due to tumor embolism leading to pulmonary hypertension is a previously rare clinical entity, and obstructed pulmonary vessels are believed to tend to be small vessels. We compared the autopsy and radiological findings and concluded that pulmonary tumor embolism involved not only the small peripheral arteries but also the segmental and/or lobar arteries.