bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying nesting grounds for juvenile migratory birds with dual isotope: an initial test using North American raptors
Authors: Crowley Brooke E. , Bataille Clément P. , Haak Bruce A. , Sommer Kaitlin M.
Published: October 2021

Understanding seasonal mobility, population connectivity, and site fidelity is critical for managing and preserving migratory species. We investigated the potential of coupling strontium (87Sr/86Sr) and hydrogen (δ2H) isotopes in feathers for quantitatively constraining natal origin for juvenile migratory predatory birds (raptors) using a probabilistic framework. We first calibrated single‐isotope models that predict spatial isotope variability in raptor feathers (called isoscapes) by analyzing and compiling isotope data for juvenile birds with known origins in North America and comparing their values to existing isotopic baselines in precipitation (for δ2H) and bioavailable strontium (for 87Sr/86Sr). We then compared the potential of hydrogen and strontium isotopes for refining geographic assignments either independently or combined. While yielding very different probability maps, hydrogen and strontium isotopes performed equally well at constraining regions of natal origin. However, thanks to the complementarity of these isotopes, dual δ2H and 87Sr/86Sr assignments increased predictive precision by an order of magnitude compared to either isotope alone. Lastly, we used the models to predict natal origin for juveniles with unknown origins that were sampled in southwestern Idaho, USA, during their autumn migration. The precision of geographic assignments for birds with unknown origins varied. Nevertheless, dual‐isotope assignments clearly distinguished individuals born outside of southwestern Idaho, and overall, predicted geographic assignments matched breeding ranges for the study species. Quantitative dual‐isotope geographic assignments enhance our ability to predict natal range of migratory raptors and complement other methods for monitoring movement and population connectivity. Combining isotopic data from feathers with other intrinsic geochemical and genetic data, as well as extrinsic markers, such as transmitters or bands, and niche‐modeling approaches will further refine key nesting areas for migratory birds.
Comparative effects of on‐pump versus off‐pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery on serum cytokine and chemokine levels
Authors: Mirhafez Seyed Reza , Khadem Seyedeh Hamideh , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Movahedi Ali , Rahsepar Amir Ali , Mirzaie Asadollah , Jamialahmadi Tannaz , Ferns Gordon A. , Ghayour‐Mobarhan Majid
Published: October 2021

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery with two methods (on‐pump or off‐pump) can be used to rescue individuals with severe coronary artery disease (CAD). Each method might cause an inflammatory response, which can lead to some complications. The aim of this study was to compare the changes in serum concentrations of IFN‐γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1α, IL‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, VEGF, MCP‐1, and epidermal growth factor between the two CABG surgery methods. Forty‐eight patients (22 = on‐pump, 26 = off‐pump) who underwent on‐pump or off‐pump CABG surgery were enrolled in this study. Serum cytokines levels were measured in two blood samples, the first sample was taken from each patient in the morning of the day of surgery after a 12‐hr fasting and the second sample on the first postoperative day at 24‐hr after surgery. In baseline, comparisons between the two groups of on‐pump/off‐pump surgery did not show any significant difference in demographic data, anthropometric parameters, lipid profile indices, and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein levels (p > .05). There was a significant difference between the serum levels of IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), IFN‐γ, and MCP‐1 in patients with on‐pump surgery and a significant increase in serum IL‐6 (p < .001), IL8 (p < .05), VEGF (p < .001), and IFN‐γ (p < .01) levels in patients with off‐pump surgery in post‐operation stage compared to pre‐operation. Cardiopulmonary pump in patients under CABG surgery can activate systemic inflammation and the changes of serum cytokines levels in off‐pump CABG were lower compared with on‐pump CABG.
Sublingual buprenorphine for acute postoperative cancer pain: a retrospective study
Authors: Penno Janelle , Young Jamie , Ding Jackson , Moushi Jala , Chou Jason
Published: October 2021

Background

Sublingual buprenorphine is an atypical opioid that potentially has a wider safety profile than conventional opioids. However, there is a paucity of literature concerning its role in acute postoperative pain.

Aim

To describe the use of sublingual buprenorphine including efficacy and safety for the management of acute postoperative pain at a comprehensive cancer centre.

Method

A retrospective study of sublingual buprenorphine analgesia after cancer surgery between 1 June 2015 to 31 October 2016. Outcome measures included pain scores (Verbal Numerical Rating Scale), dosage, oral morphine equivalent daily dose before treatment, adverse events, co‐analgesia, duration of treatment and length of stay. Patients were categorised as responders or non‐responders based on their response. Ethics approved by the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Expedited Ethics Review Committee (approval no. 18/59R).

Results

Sixty‐six patients were included with a mean age of 62.8 years and 53% were male. Of those, 86.3% (55/66) were categorised as responders to sublingual buprenorphine treatment. Pain scores were significantly lower in responders compared to non‐responders after treatment 4.2 versus 7.3 (p < 0.05). Sublingual buprenorphine was well tolerated with a low adverse event frequency (10.6%), with nausea/vomiting reported most commonly. All patients were prescribed at least one co‐analgesic. The mean duration of treatment was 6.2 days and there was no difference in length of stay between groups.

Conclusion

After cancer surgery, patients can benefit from sublingual buprenorphine analgesia due to its safe adverse event profile and overall self‐reported efficacy. Further research is recommended to account for confounders including study in a larger cohort.
No cubic integer polynomial generates a Sidon sequence
Authors: Dubickas Artūras , Novikas Aivaras
Published: October 2021

In this paper we show that for no integer n0 and no polynomial f with integer coefficients and degree at most 3 the sequence of values can be a Sidon sequence. This settles a corresponding conjecture of Ruzsa. To prove this result for each we construct infinitely many solutions of the Diophantine equation in pairwise distinct positive integers .
The impact of infectious disease threat on consumers' pattern‐seeking in sequential choices
Authors: Park Jooyoung , Kim Jungkeun , Jhang Jihoon , Lee Jacob C. , Lee Jaehoon
Published: October 2021

The pandemic outbreak poses one of the most influential threats. When faced with such a threat, consumers engage in adaptive behaviors, and one way to do so may pertain to pattern‐seeking in their choices. Across five studies, we show that consumers exhibit patterns in sequential choice under the threat of COVID‐19. Specifically, consumers high (vs. low) in the perceived threat increase sequential patterns in repeated choice regardless of whether the levels of the perceived threat are measured or manipulated. The effect emerges even when a patterned choice option is objectively inferior to a nonpatterned option. The underlying mechanism of the effect is that consumers experience a lower sense of control, which motivates them to seek patterned choices to regain control threatened by the infectious disease. We further show that the effect on patterned choice is stronger for consumers with lower childhood socioeconomic status (SES), who are characterized by a lower sense of control, than their higher childhood SES counterparts. Noting that infectious disease threats are unavoidable, we offer theoretical contributions as well as novel insights into marketing practices under unpredictable and threatening situations.
Calibration of elastoplastic constitutive model parameters from full‐field data with automatic differentiation‐based sensitivities
Authors: Seidl D. Thomas , Granzow Brian N.
Published: October 2021

We present a framework for calibration of parameters in elastoplastic constitutive models that is based on the use of automatic differentiation (AD). The model calibration problem is posed as a partial differential equation‐constrained optimization problem where a finite element (FE) model of the coupled equilibrium equation and constitutive model evolution equations serves as the constraint. The objective function quantifies the mismatch between the displacement predicted by the FE model and full‐field digital image correlation data, and the optimization problem is solved using gradient‐based optimization algorithms. Forward and adjoint sensitivities are used to compute the gradient at considerably less cost than its calculation from finite difference approximations. Through the use of AD, we need only to write the constraints in terms of AD objects, where all of the derivatives required for the forward and inverse problems are obtained by appropriately seeding and evaluating these quantities. We present three numerical examples that verify the correctness of the gradient, demonstrate the AD approach's parallel computation capabilities via application to a large‐scale FE model, and highlight the formulation's ease of extensibility to other classes of constitutive models.
Estimands for overall survival in clinical trials with treatment switching in oncology
Authors: Manitz Juliane , Kan‐Dobrosky Natalia , Buchner Hannes , Casadebaig Marie‐Laure , Degtyarev Evgeny , Dey Jyotirmoy , Haddad Vincent , Jie Fei , Martin Emily , Mo Mindy , Rufibach Kaspar , Shentu Yue , Stalbovskaya Viktoriya , (Sammi) Tang Rui , Yung Godwin , Zhou Jiangxiu
Published: October 2021

An addendum of the ICH E9 guideline on Statistical Principles for Clinical Trials was released in November 2019 introducing the estimand framework. This new framework aims to align trial objectives and statistical analyses by requiring a precise definition of the inferential quantity of interest, that is, the estimand. This definition explicitly accounts for intercurrent events, such as switching to new anticancer therapies for the analysis of overall survival (OS), the gold standard in oncology. Traditionally, OS in confirmatory studies is analyzed using the intention‐to‐treat (ITT) approach comparing treatment groups as they were initially randomized regardless of whether treatment switching occurred and regardless of any subsequent therapy (treatment‐policy strategy). Regulatory authorities and other stakeholders often consider ITT results as most relevant. However, the respective estimand only yields a clinically meaningful comparison of two treatment arms if subsequent therapies are already approved and reflect clinical practice. We illustrate different scenarios where subsequent therapies are not yet approved drugs and thus do not reflect clinical practice. In such situations the hypothetical strategy could be more meaningful from patient's and prescriber's perspective. The cross‐industry Oncology Estimand Working Group (www.oncoestimand.org) was initiated to foster a common understanding and consistent implementation of the estimand framework in oncology clinical trials. This paper summarizes the group's recommendations for appropriate estimands in the presence of treatment switching, one of the key intercurrent events in oncology clinical trials. We also discuss how different choices of estimands may impact study design, data collection, trial conduct, analysis, and interpretation.
Vibrations of axially traveling plates partially coupled with a viscous, orthogonally flowing liquid
Authors: Wu Han , Yang Feng Liu , Wang Yan Qing
Published: October 2021

A semi‐analytical method is presented to study the free vibration of an axially traveling plate partially submersed in viscous and orthogonally flowing liquid. The method is based on the classical thin plate theory and the finite element theory. The Navier‐Stokes equation, Bernoulli's equation and the velocity potential function are used to express the liquid. The formulation of the dynamical liquid‐induced force is derived by kinematic boundary conditions of the plate‐liquid interfaces. The governing equations of the partially immersed traveling plate are obtained via the Hamilton's principle. Numerical calculations show that as the plate thickness increases, the liquid viscosity effect on natural frequencies of the plate becomes weaker and weaker. Besides, the magnitude of the liquid viscosity effect is found to be positively related to the distance between the plate and rigid wall, and the width of liquid domain. The plate is easier to reach the critical speed when the orthogonal liquid velocity is larger. Moreover, liquid viscosity plays important role on the vibrational behavior of the immersed traveling plate when the liquid velocity is relatively large. Several verifications have been conducted to test the effectiveness and accuracy of the developed method.
How Can ‘Ordinary’ Cities Become Climate Pioneers?
Authors: Haupt Wolfgang , Eckersley Peter , Kern Kristine
Published: October 2021

Highlights

We need to highlight the climate approaches of ‘ordinary’ cities, not just the high-profile leaders. ‘Ordinary’ cities can catch up with the leaders, even if they have only limited resources.
First law of black hole in the gravitational electromagnetic system
Authors: Jiang Jie , Sang Aofei , Zhang Ming
Published: October 2021

Abstract

After considering the quantum corrections of Einstein-Maxwell theory, the effective theory will contain some higher-curvature terms and nonminimally coupled electromagnetic fields. In this paper, we study the first law of black holes in the gravitational electromagnetic system with the Lagrangian ℒ(gab, Rabcd, Fab). Firstly, we calculate the Noether charge and the variational identity in this theory, and then generically derive the first law of thermodynamics for an asymptotically flat stationary-axisymmetric symmetric black hole without the requirement that the electromagnetic field is smooth on the bifurcation surface. Our results indicate that the first law of black hole thermodynamics might be valid for the Einstein-Maxwell theory with some quantum corrections in the effective region.
Next-to-leading non-global logarithms in QCD
Authors: Banfi Andrea , Dreyer Frédéric A. , Monni Pier Francesco
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Non-global logarithms arise from the sensitivity of collider observables to soft radiation in limited angular regions of phase space. Their resummation to next-to-leading logarithmic (NLL) order has been a long standing problem and its solution is relevant in the context of precision all-order calculations in a wide variety of collider processes and observables. In this article, we consider observables sensitive only to soft radiation, characterised by the absence of Sudakov double logarithms, and we derive a set of integro-differential equations that describes the resummation of NLL soft corrections in the planar, large-Nc limit. The resulting set of evolution equations is derived in dimensional regularisation and we additionally provide a formulation that is manifestly finite in four space-time dimensions. The latter is suitable for a numerical integration and can be generalised to treat other infrared-safe observables sensitive solely to soft wide-angle radiation. We use the developed formalism to carry out a fixed-order calculation to $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\alpha}_s^2\right) $$
O

α
s
2

in full colour for both the transverse energy and energy distribution in the interjet region between two cone jets in e+e− collisions. We find that the expansion of the resummed cross section correctly reproduces the logarithmic structure of the full QCD result.
The FL bound and its phenomenological implications
Authors: Montero Miguel , Vafa Cumrun , Van Riet Thomas , Venken Gerben
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Demanding that charged Nariai black holes in (quasi-)de Sitter space decay without becoming super-extremal implies a lower bound on the masses of charged particles, known as the Festina Lente (FL) bound. In this paper we fix the $$ \mathcal{O}(1) $$
O

1

constant in the bound and elucidate various aspects of it, as well as extensions to d > 4 and to situations with scalar potentials and dilatonic couplings. We also discuss phenomenological implications of FL including an explanation of why the Higgs potential cannot have a local minimum at the origin, thus explaining why the weak force must be broken. For constructions of meta-stable dS involving anti-brane uplift scenarios, even though the throat region is consistent with FL, the bound implies that we cannot have any light charged matter fields coming from any far away region in the compactified geometry, contrary to the fact that they are typically expected to arise in these scenarios. This strongly suggests that introduction of warped anti-branes in the throat cannot be decoupled from the bulk dynamics as is commonly assumed. Finally, we provide some evidence that in certain situations the FL bound can have implications even with gravity decoupled and illustrate this in the context of non-compact throats.
The primary visual cortex of Cetartiodactyls: organization, cytoarchitectonics and comparison with perissodactyls and primates
Authors: Graïc Jean-Marie , Peruffo Antonella , Corain Livio , Finos Livio , Grisan Enrico , Cozzi Bruno
Published: October 2021

Cetartiodactyls include terrestrial and marine species, all generally endowed with a comparatively lateral position of their eyes and a relatively limited binocular field of vision. To this day, our understanding of the visual system in mammals beyond the few studied animal models remains limited. In the present study, we examined the primary visual cortex of Cetartiodactyls that live on land (sheep, Père David deer, giraffe); in the sea (bottlenose dolphin, Risso’s dolphin, long-finned pilot whale, Cuvier’s beaked whale, sperm whale and fin whale); or in an amphibious environment (hippopotamus). We also sampled and studied the visual cortex of the horse (a closely related perissodactyl) and two primates (chimpanzee and pig-tailed macaque) for comparison. Our histochemical and immunohistochemical results indicate that the visual cortex of Cetartiodactyls is characterized by a peculiar organization, structure, and complexity of the cortical column. We noted a general lesser lamination compared to simians, with diminished density, and an apparent simplification of the intra- and extra-columnar connections. The presence and distribution of calcium-binding proteins indicated a notable absence of parvalbumin in water species and a strong reduction of layer 4, usually enlarged in the striated cortex, seemingly replaced by a more diffuse distribution in neighboring layers. Consequently, thalamo-cortical inputs are apparently directed to the higher layers of the column. Computer analyses and statistical evaluation of the data confirmed the results and indicated a substantial correlation between eye placement and cortical structure, with a markedly segregated pattern in cetaceans compared to other mammals. Furthermore, cetacean species showed several types of cortical lamination which may reflect differences in function, possibly related to depth of foraging and consequent progressive disappearance of light, and increased importance of echolocation.
Altitude and latitude have different effects on population characteristics of the widespread plant Anthyllis vulneraria
Authors: Daco Laura , Colling Guy , Matthies Diethart
Published: October 2021

Widespread plants may provide natural models for how population processes change with temperature and other environmental variables and how they may respond to global change. Similar changes in temperature can occur along altitudinal and latitudinal gradients, but hardly any study has compared the effects of the two types of gradients. We studied populations of Anthyllis vulneraria along a latitudinal gradient from Central Europe to the range limit in the North and an altitudinal gradient in the Alps from 500 m to the altitudinal limit at 2500 m, both encompassing a change in annual mean temperature of c. 11.5 °C. Plant size and reproduction decreased, but plant density increased along both gradients, indicating higher recruitment and demographic compensation among vital rates. Our results support the view that demographic compensation may be common in widespread species in contrast to the predictions of the abundant centre model of biogeography. Variation in temperature along the gradients had the strongest effects on most population characteristics, followed by that in precipitation, solar radiation, and soil nutrients. The proportion of plants flowering, seed set and seed mass declined with latitude, while the large variation in these traits along the altitudinal gradient was not related to elevation and covarying environmental variables like annual mean temperature. This suggests that it will be more difficult to draw conclusions about the potential impacts of future climate warming on plant populations in mountains, because of the importance of small-scale variation in environmental conditions.
ALS Cognitive Behavioral Screen-Phone Version (ALS-CBS™-PhV): norms, psychometrics, and diagnostics in an Italian population sample
Authors: Aiello Edoardo Nicolò , Esposito Antonella , Giannone Ilaria , Diana Lorenzo , Woolley Susan , Murphy Jennifer , Christodoulou Georgia , Tremolizzo Lucio , Bolognini Nadia , Appollonio Ildebrando
Published: October 2021

Background

Up to 50% of motor neuron disease (MND) patients show neuropsychological deficits which negatively affect prognosis and care. However, disability-related logistical issues and uneven geographical coverage of healthcare services may prevent MND patients from accessing neuropsychological evaluations. This study thus aimed to standardize for the Italian population the ALS Cognitive Behavioral Screen-Phone Version (ALS-CBS™-PhV), an MND-specific, telephone-based screening for frontotemporal dysfunction.

Methods

The cognitive section of the ALS-CBS™-PhV, the Italian telephone-based Mini-Mental State Examination (Itel-MMSE), and the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS) was administered to 359 healthy individuals (143 males, 216 females; age, 52.7 ± 15.8; education, 13.1 ± 4.4). Norms were derived through equivalent scores. Validity, factorial structure, reliability, diagnostic accuracy, and item difficulty and discrimination were examined. Statistical equivalence between the telephone-based and in-person versions was tested.

Results

ALS-CBS™-PhV measures were predicted by age and education. The ALS-CBS™-PhV reflected a mono-component structure, converged with Itel-MMSE and TICS scores (rs = .23–.51) and was equivalent to its in-person format (t = .37; p = .72). Good internal (Cronbach’s α = .61), test–retest (ICC = .69), and inter-rater (ICC = .96) reliability was detected. High accuracy was found when tested against both the Itel-MMSE and the TICS (AUC = .82–89). Backward digit span items were the most discriminative.

Discussion

The ALS-CBS™-PhV is a statistically solid screening test for frontotemporal disorders featuring MND. Its standardization allows for (1) improvements in tele-healthcare for MND patients, (2) epidemiological applications, and (3) effective assessments in decentralized clinical trials. The ALS-CBS™-PhV can be also suitable for assessing bedridden and visually impaired patients with motor disorders.
A column generation algorithm for solving energy system planning problems
Authors: Muts Pavlo , Bruche Stefan , Nowak Ivo , Wu Ouyang , Hendrix Eligius M. T. , Tsatsaronis George
Published: October 2021

Energy system optimization models are typically large models which combine sub-models which range from linear to very nonlinear. Column generation (CG) is a classical tool to generate feasible solutions of sub-models, defining columns of global master problems, which are used to steer the search for a global solution. In this paper, we present a new inner approximation method for solving energy system MINLP models. The approach is based on combining CG and the Frank Wolfe algorithm for generating an inner approximation of a convex relaxation and a primal heuristic for computing solution candidates. The features of this approach are: (i) no global branch-and-bound tree is used, (ii) sub-problems can be solved in parallel to generate columns, which do not have to be optimal, nor become available at the same time to synchronize the solution, (iii) an arbitrary solver can be used to solve sub-models, (iv) the approach (and the implementation) is generic and can be used to solve other nonconvex MINLP models. We perform experiments with decentralized energy supply system models with more than 3000 variables. The numerical results show that the new decomposition method is able to compute high-quality solutions and has the potential to outperform state-of-the-art MINLP solvers.
Thought Experiments and Personal Identity in Africa
Authors: BECK SIMON , OYOWE ORITSEGBUBEMI ANTHONY
Published: October 2021

African perspectives on personhood and personal identity and their relation to those of the West have become far more central in mainstream Western discussion than they once were. Not only are African traditional views with their emphasis on the importance of community and social relations more widely discussed, but that emphasis has also received much wider acceptance and gained more influence among Western philosophers. Despite this convergence, there is at least one striking way in which the discussions remain apart and that is on a point of method. The Western discussion makes widespread use of thought experiments. In the African discussion, they are almost entirely absent. In this article, we put forward a possible explanation for the method of thought experiment being avoided that is based on considerations stemming from John Mbiti's account of the traditional African view of time. These considerations find an echo in criticism offered of the method in the Western debate. We consider whether a response to both trains of thought can be found that can further bring the Western and African philosophical traditions into fruitful dialogue.
Hoping and Intending
Authors: MASON CATHY
Published: October 2021

Hope powerfully influences our lives, deeply shaping our actions, as well as being essential for social and political change. Many accounts of hope, however, fail to do justice to its active role, ignoring the connection between hope and action that makes it a significant feature of our lives. In this essay, I propose a new account of hope in which hopes characteristically shape and figure in intentions. I argue that this account does justice to hope's distinctive manifestations in action, explains the rational constraints on hoping, and sheds light on the distinctions between hoping and wishing.
GEOGRAPHIC RATEMAKING WITH SPATIAL EMBEDDINGS
Authors: Blier-Wong Christopher , Cossette Hélène , Lamontagne Luc , Marceau Etienne
Published: October 2021

Spatial data are a rich source of information for actuarial applications: knowledge of a risk’s location could improve an insurance company’s ratemaking, reserving or risk management processes. Relying on historical geolocated loss data is problematic for areas where it is limited or unavailable. In this paper, we construct spatial embeddings within a complex convolutional neural network representation model using external census data and use them as inputs to a simple predictive model. Compared to spatial interpolation models, our approach leads to smaller predictive bias and reduced variance in most situations. This method also enables us to generate rates in territories with no historical experience.
The association between self-reported traumatic brain injury, neuropsychological function, and compliance among people serving community sentences
Authors: Norman Emily M. , Starkey Nicola J. , Polaschek Devon L. L.
Published: October 2021

Background:

Traumatic brain injury is overrepresented in incarcerated samples and has been linked to a number of poor correctional outcomes. Despite this, no research has explored the impact of a recent TBI on compliance outcomes for individuals serving community-based.

Method:

We screened for a history of TBI in 106 adults on community sentences and collected compliance (arrests, sentence violations) and related variables (e.g., risk scores, substance use) over 6 months. Sixty-four participants also completed the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), the Comprehensive Trail Making Test and Color-Word Inference Test.

Results:

A TBI in the last year predicted a significantly higher likelihood of arrest, even when controlling for risk of reconviction and current substance use, but was not associated with non-compliance with sentence conditions nor with performance on the neuropsychological tests. In addition, no significant associations were found between performance on neuropsychological tests and measures of non-compliance.

Conclusions:

TBI in the last year was an independent predictor of arrest. This result suggests that those with a recent TBI on a community sentence may need additional monitoring or support to reduce the risk of reoffending.
Hepatitis C virus prevalence in Belgium
Authors: Van Baelen Luk , Van der Heyden Johan
Published: October 2021

Reliable hepatitis C prevalence estimates are crucial for a good follow-up of the indicators to eliminate hepatitis by 2030 as set by the World Health Organization. In Belgium, no recent national population-based hepatitis C virus (HCV) seroprevalence estimate is available. The current study estimated HCV prevalence as part of the first Belgian Health Examination Survey, which was organized in 2018 as a second stage of the sixth Belgian Health Interview Survey. This national population-based cross-sectional study resulted in a weighted national HCV seroprevalence of 0.02% (95% CI 0.00–0.07%). The results show a much lower HCV seroprevalence compared to previous studies.
An exploration of family dynamics in adults who self-harm
Authors: Buckmaster Ruth , McNulty Muireann , Guerin Suzanne
Published: October 2021

Objectives:

The aim of the present study was to explore how adults who self-harm experience family relationships.

Methods:

A phenomenological design was employed to examine the dynamic relationship between self-harm and family systems. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six female adults who attend a community mental health service and engage in self-harm. Transcripts were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA).

Results:

Four superordinate themes emerged from the data and two subordinate themes emerged within each superordinate theme: family interactive patterns (subordinate themes: enmeshed patterns and culture of ‘getting on with it’), searching for meaning (subordinate themes: expressing emotional turmoil and engrained worthlessness), relating to others (subordinate themes: guilt and feeling misunderstood) and journey towards life without self-harm (subordinate themes: acceptance and family support).

Conclusions:

Findings emphasise the role of family systems in understanding self-harm in adults. The study highlights the need for family-based interventions for family members who support adults that self-harm.
Surfactant transport between foam films
Authors: Grassia Paul
Published: October 2021

Surfactant transport from foam film to foam film is an essential (yet poorly understood) aspect of the viscoplastic yielding behaviour of flowing foam. Recent experimental and modelling work by Bussonnière & Cantat (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 922, 2021, A25) has, however, helped to advance understanding of the relevant surfactant transport processes: the significance of that work is described herein.
Enhanced heat transport in thermal convection with suspensions of rod-like expandable particles
Authors: Hu Shi-Yuan , Wang Kai-Zhe , Jia Lai-Bing , Zhong Jin-Qiang , Zhang Jun
Published: October 2021

Thermal convection of fluid is a more efficient way than diffusion to carry heat from hot sources to cold places. Here, we experimentally study the Rayleigh–Bénard convection of aqueous glycerol solution in a cubic cell with suspensions of rod-like particles made of polydimethylsiloxane. The particles are inertial due to their large thermal expansion coefficient and finite sizes. The thermal expansion coefficient of the particles is three times larger than that of the background fluid. This contrast makes the suspended particles lighter than the local fluid in hot regions and heavier in cold regions. The heat transport is enhanced at relatively large Rayleigh number (

$\textit {Ra}$

) but reduced at small

$\textit {Ra}$

. We demonstrate that the increase of Nusselt number arises from the particle–boundary layer interactions: the particles act as ‘active’ mixers of the flow and temperature fields across the boundary layers.
Theoretical and numerical study of nanoporous evaporation with receded liquid surface: effect of Knudsen number
Authors: Li Ran , Wang Jiahao , Xia Guodong
Published: October 2021

The liquid evaporation from nanoscale pores has attracted much attention from researchers due to its importance in water treatment and device cooling related applications. It is crucial to investigate the receded liquid case as the vapour flow resistance in a nanopore has high impacts on the evaporation rate. This paper proposed a semi-empirical analysis on nanoporous evaporation with a receded liquid surface under the influence of the Knudsen number. The vapour flow dynamics in a nanopore was examined considering the multiple reflections of vapour molecules. We calculated the value of pore transmissivity based on transitional gas flow correlation which incorporated the effect of the Knudsen number. Direct simulation Monte Carlo method was employed to provide validation for the present model. The vapour density jump near the liquid surface and the pressure ratio between the far field and saturation value were predicted by our model with good precision. It was shown that the vapour flow resistance in the nanopore accounted for more than 90 % of the total resistance in present cases. With increasing Knudsen number, the pressure ratio gradually drops and reaches an asymptotic level. This suggested a relatively higher evaporation resistance in free molecular regimes. The present work revealed the importance of the Knudsen number in nanoporous evaporation with receded liquids, providing insights into the governing factors under various Knudsen regimes.
COVID-19 and Global Beverage Markets: Implications for Wine
Authors: Wittwer Glyn , Anderson Kym
Published: October 2021

This article provides an empirical case study of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on global beverage markets, particularly the wine sector. Both international trade and domestic sales have been adversely affected by temporary shifts away from on-premise sales by social distancing measures and self-isolation that led to the closure of restaurants, bars, and clubs, plus declines in international travel and tourism. Partly offsetting this has been a boost to off-premise and direct e-commerce sales. We first estimate those impacts in 2020 and their expected partial recovery in 2021 using a new model of global beverage markets. Further recent disruption to the global wine trade has been the imposition by China in late 2020 of prohibitive tariffs on its imports of bottled wine from Australia. Its diversionary and trade-reducing effects are compared with those due to COVID-19. (JEL Classifications: C63, D12, F14, F17, Q17)
Did Wine Consumption Change During the COVID-19 Lockdown in France, Italy, Spain, and Portugal?
Authors: Dubois Magalie , Agnoli Lara , Cardebat Jean-Marie , Compés Raúl , Faye Benoit , Frick Bernd , Gaeta Davide , Giraud-Héraud Eric , Le Fur Eric , Livat Florine , Malorgio Giulio , Masset Philippe , Meloni Giulia , Pinilla Vicente , Rebelo João , Rossetto Luca , Schamel Günter , Simon-Elorz Katrin
Published: October 2021

This article documents how the COVID-19 crisis has affected the drinking behavior of Latin European wine consumers. Using a large online survey conducted during the first lockdown in France, Italy, Portugal, and Spain (n = 7,324 individuals), we reconstruct the purchasing and consumption patterns of the respondents. The number of people who maintained their wine consumption frequency is significantly higher than those who increased or decreased their consumption. Wine consumption frequency held up better than other types of alcohol (beer and spirits). We analyze heterogeneities among countries and individuals by employing the Marascuilo procedure and an ordered logit model. The latter identifies the impact of demographic, commercial, and psychosocial factors on wine consumption frequency. The results shed light on changes in wine consumer behavior during the first lockdown and consider possible post-lockdown trends that could be useful to industry players. (JEL Classifications: D5, L66, Q1)
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, Mediterranean diet and blood lipid profiles in less-developed ethnic minority regions
Authors: Zhang Ning , Xiao Xiong , Xu Jingru , Zeng Qibing , Li Jingzhong , Xie Yiming , Guo Bing , Dai Suyao , Zhu Xingren , Lei Yi , Duojizhuoma  , Yin Jianzhong , Zhao Xing
Published: October 2021

Different from developed countries, there is a paucity of research examining how the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and Mediterranean diets relate to lipids in less-developed ethnic minority regions (LEMR). A total of 83 081 participants from seven ethnic groups were retrieved from the baseline data of the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort study, which was conducted in less-developed Southwest China between May 2018 and September 2019. Multivariable linear regression models were then used to examine the associations of the DASH and alternative Mediterranean diet (AMED) scores, assessed by modified DASH score and AMED, as well as their components with total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, TAG and TC/HDL-cholesterol. The DASH scores were negatively associated with TC, HDL-cholesterol and TAG. Comparing the highest quintiles with the lowest DASH scores, TC decreased 0·0708 (95 % CI −0·0923, −0·0493) mmol/l, HDL-cholesterol decreased 0·0380 (95 % CI −0·0462, −0·0299) mmol/l and TAG decreased 0·0668 (95 % CI −0·0994, −0·0341) mmol/l. The AMED scores were negatively associated with TC, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol. Comparing the highest quintiles with the lowest AMED scores, TC decreased 0·0816 (95 % CI −0·1035, −0·0597) mmol/l, LDL-cholesterol decreased 0·0297 (95 % CI −0·0477, −0·0118) mmol/l and HDL-cholesterol decreased 0·0275 (95 % CI −0·0358, −0·0192) mmol/l. Although both the DASH diet and the Mediterranean diet were negatively associated with blood lipids, those associations showed different patterns in LEMR, particularly for TAG and HDL-cholesterol.
Algebraic cycles and Lehn–Lehn–Sorger–van Straten eightfolds
Authors: Laterveer Robert
Published: October 2021

This article is about Lehn–Lehn–Sorger–van Straten eightfolds$Z$and their anti-symplectic involution$\iota$. When$Z$is birational to the Hilbert scheme of points on a K3 surface, we give an explicit formula for the action of$\iota$on the Chow group of$0$-cycles of$Z$. The formula is in agreement with the Bloch–Beilinson conjectures and has some non-trivial consequences for the Chow ring of the quotient.
Exegesis and Politics Between East and West: Nachman Krochmal, Moses Mendelssohn, and Modern Jewish Thought
Authors: Sacks Elias
Published: October 2021

Recent scholarship on modern Jewish thought has sought to overcome the field’s Germanocentrism by recovering diverse visions of Jewish life across eastern and western Europe. While studies typically emphasize either striking differences or surprising affinities between these settings, I use the neglected eastern European philosopher Nachman Krochmal to highlight a strategy of creative appropriation and redirection—an eastern European strategy of breaking with German-Jewish philosophy precisely by deploying that tradition’s own resources. One of modern Jewish philosophy’s early episodes, I argue, is a politically charged engagement with biblical exegesis involving Krochmal and the German-Jewish thinker Moses Mendelssohn. Implicitly drawing on yet revising the treatment of biblical interpretation in Mendelssohn’s Hebrew writings, Krochmal seeks to retrieve what he sees as a vital element of Jewish politics: possessing neither a shared land nor military strength, he insists, Jews have long sustained their diasporic collective through hermeneutical endeavors such as rabbinic midrash, and they should continue to do so by launching a transnational project of historically sensitive exegesis. The resulting image of a transnational Jewish collective whose fate is separate from that of non-Jewish polities breaks with Mendelssohn’s political vision, pointing to an east-west dynamic of creative repurposing—an instance of an eastern European thinker drawing on a German-Jewish predecessor to develop a sharply contrasting philosophical vision.
Bilobed flap reconstruction for skin defects after parotid carcinoma surgery
Authors: Lee D H , Jung E K , Lee J K , Lim S C
Published: October 2021

Objective

To analyse the treatment results of bilobed flap reconstruction performed for skin defects after parotid carcinoma surgery.

Method

Ten patients who underwent bilobed flap reconstruction for skin defects after parotid carcinoma surgery in our hospital, from 2014 to 2020, were retrospectively enrolled.

Results

All patients underwent bilobed flap reconstruction for skin defects after parotid carcinoma surgery. The size of the skin defect was 2.7 × 2.2 cm in the smallest dimension and 9.0 × 6.3 cm in the largest dimension. All bilobed flaps except one healed without any problems. One patient developed partial flap necrosis in the retroauricular region, and was treated with skin grafts after removal of the necrotic tissue under local anaesthesia. All bilobed flaps, including the cases in which skin grafts were performed, survived after post-operative radiotherapy or chemotherapy.

Conclusion

A bilobed flap is a good reconstruction option for skin defects after parotid carcinoma surgery in some cases.
Influence of temperature changes on symbiotic Symbiodiniaceae and bacterial communities’ structure: an experimental study on soft coral Sarcophyton trocheliophorum (Anthozoa: Alcyoniidae)
Authors: Lu Hao , Asem Alireza , Li Weidong , Che Wenxue , Wang Pei-Zheng
Published: October 2021

It is well concluded that microbial composition and diversity of coral species can be affected under temperature alterations. However, the interaction of environmental accumulation of corals and temperature stress on symbiotic Symbiodiniaceae and bacterial communities are rarely studied. In this study, two groups of soft coral Sarcophyton trocheliophorum were cultured under constant (26 °C) and inconstant (22 °C to 26 °C) temperature conditions for 30 days as control treatments. After that, water was cooled rapidly to decrease to 20 °C in 24 h. The results of diversity analysis showed that symbiotic Symbiodiniaceae and bacterial communities had a significant difference between the two accumulated groups. The principal coordinate analyses confirmed that symbiotic Symbiodiniaceae and bacterial communities of both control treatments were clustered into two groups. Our results evidenced that rapid cooling stress could not change symbiotic Symbiodiniaceae and bacterial communities’ composition. On the other hand, cooling stress could alter only bacterial communities in constant group. In conclusion, our study represents a clear relationship between environmental accumulation and the impact of short-term cooling stress in which microbial composition structure can be affected by early adaptation conditions.
Complete heart block, severe right ventricular dysfunction in a child with COVID-19 infection
Authors: Sisko Sezen Gulumser , Atik Sezen Ugan , Karadeniz Cem , Guzeltas Alper , Ergul Yakup
Published: October 2021

A young child presented with hepatomegaly, ascites and bradycardia in the setting of COVID-19. Permanent complete atrioventricular block and severe right heart failure were diagnosed. He was treated with surgical epicardial pacemaker implantation. This report is the first description of COVID-19-induced permanent complete atrioventricular block in a child.
Reduced Fusiform Gyrus Activation During Face Processing in Pediatric Brain Tumor Survivors
Authors: Hocking Matthew C. , Schultz Robert T. , Minturn Jane E. , Brodsky Cole , Albee May , Herrington John D.
Published: October 2021

Objective:

The neural mechanisms contributing to the social problems of pediatric brain tumor survivors (PBTS) are unknown. Face processing is important to social communication, social behavior, and peer acceptance. Research with other populations with social difficulties, namely autism spectrum disorder, suggests atypical brain activation in areas important for face processing. This case-controlled functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study compared brain activation during face processing in PBTS and typically developing (TD) youth.

Methods:

Participants included 36 age-, gender-, and IQ-matched youth (N = 18 per group). PBTS were at least 5 years from diagnosis and 2 years from the completion of tumor therapy. fMRI data were acquired during a face identity task and a control condition. Groups were compared on activation magnitude within the fusiform gyrus for the faces condition compared to the control condition. Correlational analyses evaluated associations between neuroimaging metrics and indices of social behavior for PBTS participants.

Results:

Both groups demonstrated face-specific activation within the social brain for the faces condition compared to the control condition. PBTS showed significantly decreased activation for faces in the medial portions of the fusiform gyrus bilaterally compared to TD youth, ps ≤ .004. Higher peak activity in the left fusiform gyrus was associated with better socialization (r = .53, p < .05).

Conclusions:

This study offers initial evidence of atypical activation in a key face processing area in PBTS. Such atypical activation may underlie some of the social difficulties of PBTS. Social cognitive neuroscience methodologies may elucidate the neurobiological bases for PBTS social behavior.
Crisis Management, Policy Reform, and Institutions: The Social Policy Response to COVID-19 in Australia
Authors: Ramia Gaby , Perrone Lisa
Published: October 2021

Social policy represents a critical dimension of the governmental response to COVID-19. This article analyses the Australian response, which was radical in that it signalled an unprecedented policy turnaround towards welfare generosity and the almost total relaxation of conditionality. It was also surprising because it was introduced by a conservative, anti-welfarist government. The principal argument is that, though the generosity was temporary, it should be understood simultaneously by reference to institutional change and institutional tradition. The ‘change’ element was shaped by the urgency and scale of the crisis, which indicated an institutional ‘critical juncture’. This provided a ‘window of opportunity’ for reform, which would otherwise be closed. ‘Tradition’ was reflected in the nation’s federalist conventions, which partially steered the response. The central implication for other countries is that, amid the uncertainty of a crisis, governments need to consider change within the bounds of their traditional institutions when introducing welfare reform.