bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of vitamin D, fish oil and exercise on cardiovascular parameters in ovariectomized rats
Authors: Hazar Hale Uyar , Hazar Fatih , Büyüköztürk Karul Aslıhan , Demirci Buket
Published: October 2021

Objectives

This study compared effects of vitamin D, fish oil and exercise on cardiovascular parameters in ovariectomized rats.

Materials and methods

This is an experimental study conducted with 45 female Wistar Albino rats; consisted of one sham (n=8) and four intervention (n=37) groups. Rats (n=37) were oophorectomized and, randomly divided into four groups at the end of the first week following wound healing. Interventions were applied to the groups of oophorectomize+Dvit, oophorectomize+fish oil and oophorectomize+exercise for 12 weeks. In analyzing the data, ANOVA and Tamhane’s T2 tests were used (p<0.05).

Results

The levels of total-cholesterol (66.7 ± 7.6 mg/dL), HDL-cholesterol (33.8 ± 2.1 mg/dL), TOS (7.3 ± 1.2 μmol H2O2 Eq/L), TAS (4.0 ± 0.5 mmol Trolox Eq/L), OSI (0.2 ± 0.1) and total-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol (2.0 ± 0.3) were obtained significant in exercising oophorectomized rats according to the oophorectomized rats (p<0.05). The estrogen levels of rats using vitamin D and fish oil and exercising were found to be higher than those in menopause.

Conclusions

It was concluded that exercising oophorectomized rats had a lower risk of cardiovascular disease. In this context, exercise/physical activity should be recommended and must be supported for practicing in order to protect the cardiovascular health of postmenopausal women.
A comprehensive review on the development of probiotic supplemented confectioneries
Authors: Şenöztop Eylül , Dokuzlu Tuğçe , Güngörmüşler Mine
Published: October 2021

Probiotics are living organisms that have beneficial effects on host by regulating the microbial balance of the intestinal system. While probiotics are naturally found in yogurt and other fermented foods, they can also be added to many products. Although mostly in dairy products, it is possible to see examples of food products supplemented by probiotics in bakeries, chocolates and confectioneries. Nowadays, the COVID-19 pandemic that the world suffers increased the demand for such functional food products including probiotics. Due to probiotics having potential effects on strengthening the immune system, confectioneries supplemented by probiotics were comprehensively discussed in this review together with the suggestion of a novel gelly composition. The suggested formulation of the product is a gel-like snack contains natural ingredients such as carrot, lemon juice and sugar provided from apples. This research review article provided a guide together with the recommendations for potential probiotic research in candy and confectionery industry.
LACTOBACILLUS DELBRUECKII SUBSP. BULGARICUS ZN541 VE STREPTOCOCCUS THERMOPHILUS Z1052 SUŞLARINDA BETA GALAKTOZİDAZ AKTİVİTESİ VE OPTİMİZASYON
Authors: YÜKSEKDAĞ Hazer , YUKSEKDAG Zehranur
Published: October 2021

Çalışmada, 31 Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus ve 34 Streptococcus thermophilus bakteri kültürlerinde, o-nitrofenil-beta-D-galaktosit (o-NPG) substrat olarak kullanılarak, β-galaktosidaz enzim ve spesifik aktiviteleri taranmıştır. L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus suşları 0.186-6.500 U/mg arasında spesifik aktivite gösterirken, S. thermophilus suşları 0.172-5.064 U/mg arasında spesifik aktivite göstermiştir. L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus ZN541 (6.500 U/mg) ve S. thermophilus Z1052 (5.064 U/mg) suşlarının yüksek spesifik aktivite yeteneğine sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Yüksek spesifik β-galaktozidaz aktivitesi gösteren ZN541 ve Z1052 suşları seçilerek, farklı koşulların (pH, sıcaklık, laktoz konsantrasyonu ve fermantasyon süresi) bu suşlara ait β-galaktozidaz enzimlerin aktivitelerine etkileri belirlenmiştir. ZN541 suşunda optimum enzim aktivitesi için gereken pH’ın 6.2, sıcaklığın 42°C, laktoz konsantrasyonunun %2 ve fermantasyon süresinin 24 saat olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Z1052 suşunda ise optimum enzim aktivitesi için gereken pH’ın 6.8, sıcaklığın 42°C, laktoz konsantrasyonun %4 ve fermantasyon süresinin 24 saat olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Administración concursal y cuestiones laborales de la insolvencia a raíz del Real Decreto Legislativo 1/2020, de 5 de mayo, por el que se aprueba el texto refundido de la Ley Concursal
Authors: Gilo Gómez César
Published: October 2021

Inherente a los concursos de acreedores son las situaciones laborales que el propio funcionamiento de la actividad empresarial del concursado suscita. En este sentido, la correcta gestión del capital humano del deudor se convierte en una cuestión esencial de todo procedimiento concursal, tanto si se alcanza un convenio como si la solución es liquidativa, responsabilidad que recae en gran medida en el órgano de la Administración Concursal a partir de su nombramiento a raíz de la declaración de insolvencia del deudor, órgano que se verá obligado a adoptar importantes decisiones en un escenario inestable por definición.

El Real Decreto Legislativo 1/2020, de 5 de mayo, por el que se aprueba el texto refundido de la Ley Concursal ratifica la importancia del órgano concursal en la aportación de soluciones a las situaciones laborales que se producen en el seno de todo procedimiento concursal.
Mujer Mujer, prisión y no discriminación
Authors: Cervelló Donderis Vicenta
Published: October 2021

Este trabajo analiza la discriminación en las prisiones de mujeres y su relación con un tratamiento sexista y estereotipado que solo atiende diferencias relacionadas con la maternidad. El humanismo penitenciario de Concepción Arenal puede ser considerado el origen de la perspectiva de género en prisión, dicha autora defendía que las mujeres presas debían acceder al trabajo y a la educación en igualdad de condiciones que los hombres. Esta idea se desarrolla en las normas internacionales para prisiones de mujeres recogidas en las Reglas de Bangkok que reconocen que las mujeres presas tienen necesidades propias. Las mujeres presas como grupo vulnerable tienen necesidades específicas que deben ser atendidas en prisión y en las alternativas al encierro
GANANCIAS ILÍCITAS DE LA DELINCUENCIA TRANSNACIONAL E INSTRUMENTOS PENALES PARA DISUADIRLA
Authors: Moya Guillem Clara , Tapia Ballesteros Patricia
Published: October 2021

El lucro constituye la motivación principal de la delincuencia transnacional. Por consiguiente, si se pretende combatir, debería perseguirse dicho incentivo. Para ello resultan de utilidad tres institutos de la Parte general del Derecho penal español que afectan a las ganancias derivadas del delito: la responsabilidad civil, el decomiso de ganancias y la pena de multa proporcional. Pero, sorprendentemente, no suelen emplearse en relación con los delitos transnacionales regulados en el Código penal español. El objetivo de este trabajo es, precisamente, examinar las consecuencias jurídico-penales actualmente previstas en los delitos transnacionales (en particular, en aquellos que reprimen los tráficos de drogas, armas y personas), así como su aplicación en la jurisprudencia más reciente. De este modo, se podrá determinar si resultan eficaces en términos de prevención general o si resultaría más eficaz el empleo de otras herramientas en esta dirección.
Nuevos retos dogmáticos ante la cibercriminalidad
Authors: Agustina José R.
Published: October 2021

En el presente trabajo se cuestiona si es necesario emplear un enfoque distintivo y adaptar algunas categorías dogmáticas de la teoría del delito ante los retos que plantean los delitos cometidos en el ciberespacio. Para ello, se parte de una comprensión amplia de la naturaleza y dimensión de los cambios experimentados en la era digital y se propone una definición funcional del concepto de ciberdelito para las distintas perspectivas de análisis: criminológica, penal, procesal y dogmática. La tesis principal es que el contexto y fenomenología virtual exigen una relectura transversal de los contornos que delimitan algunas categorías dogmáticas. Se presentan de forma programática algunas cuestiones y se analiza la repercusión del cambio de paradigma en algunas categorías del sistema, en particular, en los conceptos de acción y bien jurídico.
Level of education, background and clinical stage as prognostic factors according RMST function in patients with early and locally advanced breast cancer: a single institution experience from Romania
Authors: Niță Irina , Nițipir Cornelia , Toma Ștefania Andreea , Limbău Alexandra Maria , Pirvu Edvina , Bădărău Ioana Anca , Suciu Ioana , Suciu George , Manolescu Loredana Sabina Cornelia
Published: October 2021

Background and aims. Our aim is to examine the relationship between the level of education, background, tumor size and lymph node status on the treatment outcome in a group of patients with early and locally advanced breast cancer (BC) by using the restricted mean survival time (RMST), which summarizes treatment effects in terms of event-free time over a fixed period of time.

Methods. We evaluated the prognostic values in 143 patients treated for early BC at Elias University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania and followed up for a maximum of 36 months. The protocol was amended to include the levels of education (gymnasium, high school, or university), the background (urban or rural) and the clinical stage (primary tumor (T) and regional nodes (N)). The methodology consisted in using a Kaplan–Meier analysis and RMST for the entire sample and Cox regression, for the variables with statistical influence. The principal endpoints of the study were overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS).

Results. The level of education had impact both on RMST OS (35.30 vs. 26.70) and death HR (hazard ratio) in the group of patients with general school level, compared with those with graduated university. In this study, the urban or rural background did not impact the outcome, probably because in this study we included predominantly patients from urban areas (83%). Although clinical tumor size measurements did not impact the outcome, the clinical staged lymph node influenced both OS (p=0.0500) and PFS (p=0.0006) for the patients with palpable or imaging proof of lymph node involvement of station 2 or 3.

Conclusions. RMST provides an intuitive and explicit way to express the effect of those risk factors on OS and PFS in a cohort of early breast cancer patients. Low level of education and high-grade clinical lymph node status negatively influences the outcome of this cohort of BC patients.
Combined conservative treatment of a recurrent mandibular keratocyst by enucleation, diode laser, 5-Fluorouracil and dental implants: a case report with 18 years-follow up
Authors: Berberi Antoine , Aoun Georges , Hjeij Bouchra , AboulHosn Maissa
Published: October 2021

In 2017, the World Health Organization classified the odontogenic keratocyst as a developmental odontogenic cyst. The posterior parts of the mandible, especially the angle and the ramus, are the most involved sites. Due to their high recurrence rate, keratocysts are managed surgically with careful complete excision. Additionally, chemical solutions such as Carnoy's solution, modified Carnoy's solution, and 5-Fluorouracil have been associated with surgical treatment.

Diode lasers generate diverse wavelengths that have photothermal and photochemical special properties and could have some effects on the lining epithelium remnants of the cyst.

In this paper, we discuss a case of mandibular recurrent odontogenic keratocyst treated with 5-Fluorouracil topical application after enucleation and diode laser application with 18 years follow-up and teeth replacement with dental implant.

5-Fluorouracil and diode laser have been found to be very effective in the treatment of keratocysts.
The Problem of Consciousness and its Origin in Vasily Sesemann’s Manuscripts
Authors: Jonkus Dalius
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this article is to analyse the concept of consciousness in Vasily Sesemann’s manuscripts. Sesemann studied consciousness, describing it as an intentional experience and rejecting its naturalistic explanations. Sesemann revealed the irreducibility of life to physiological or chemical processes and at the same time rejected the dualistic opposition of spirit and matter, soul and body. In the manuscript text “Self-knowledge, self-consciousness and objectification” the philosopher explores the relationship of consciousness with self-consciousness and the subconscious, as well as various forms of objectification of consciousness. This manuscript can be attributed to a group of manuscript texts that discuss the origin of consciousness and the metaphysical relationship between matter and spirit. In the article, I will first discuss the relationship between Sesemann’s concept of consciousness and the philosophy of nature. Second, I will examine how Sesemann understands the relationship between consciousness and self-consciousness and the objectifications of consciousness. Third, I will analyze how the philosopher understands emotional intuition and subconsciousness. I argue that Sesemann’s approach is phenomenological.
On Reason and the Power of Life (Tolstoy contra Spinoza)
Authors: Klimova Svetlana
Published: October 2021

In his search for the meaning of life, Tolstoy turned to Spinoza’s rationalist teaching about freedom, reason, morality, and religious faith. Spinoza created a philosophy where beliefs are in union with deeds, logic unites with ethics, and knowledge joins faith. According to Tolstoy, it is art that makes a synthesis of all the best attempts of the real, true philosophy. I argue that Tolstoy’s artistic method of linkage (stseplenie) was probably borrowed from Spinoza. Inspired by Spinoza’s “theorems of reason,” Tolstoy created his own “axiom of life” and elaborates on the concept of the “power of life” as a core of religious faith. Tolstoy endorsed Spinoza’s rationalistic critique of religion which helped to liberate true faith from the power of superstition and church dogmatics, but he criticised the geometric form in which Spinoza put the truths he discovered.
The Dialogue Between Believers and Atheists: the Platonic Model in the Laws
Authors: Baliukonis Simonas
Published: October 2021

This paper examines the question concerning the right model of epistemically rational dialogue. First of all, the main, though not undisputed, principles of rational dialogue are defined according to the contemporary field of the epistemology of disagreement. It then explains why even these principles are not sufficient for making the disagreement between believers and atheists not only a rational discourse but also a fruitful dialogue. This paper defends a thesis that the latter aim can be achieved with a proper model of dialogue, which is found in Plato’s Laws – one of the first discussions between the believers and the atheists in the Western intellectual tradition. This model not only includes the contemporary principles of rational argument but also provides some new guidelines for the solution of problems that lead the believers and the atheists to the communicational dead end.
Heraclitus and Hippocrates: the Paradigm of the Elements
Authors: Čiurlionis Jonas
Published: October 2021

The article analyses the remaining fragments and testimonies of Heraclitean philosophy and their connection with Hippocratic medicine. It is claimed that both schools belong to the same philosophical-scientific paradigm of the elements. Therefore, theoretical insights of the school of Cos might well serve explaining complicated and often difficult to interpret Heraclitean thoughts. Moreover, it is plausible that parts of Corpus Hippocraticum were written under the influence of the Heraclitean philosophy and therefore its analysis and interpretative application allows us to partially reconstruct the fragmented Heraclitean ideas into the single unified system. The article uses comparative analysis of both thinking traditions in regard to psychological, ethical, physiological, cosmological, and medical ideas. Similarities in explaining human nature are revealed. It is shown that science (medicine) and philosophy in Antiquity use the same paradigmatic utterances to describe reality. Therefore, there are many mutual interconnecting principles between early philosophy and medicine.
From Habermas to Derrida: A Weak Form of Secular Universalism
Authors: Tskhadaia Giorgi
Published: October 2021

In this article, I argue that a universalistic thrust of secularism should not be located in a Habermasian deontological liberal principle of the priority of universal morality over particularistic ethical doctrines. I show that Habermas cannot plausibly demonstrate that this principle can be invariably applied across different cases. However, in order not to succumb to parochialism, the failure of the deontological model should not prompt us to give up on the search for a universalistic drive behind secularism. To this end, I advocate a Derridean critique of religion and secularism as an alternative solution. By deconstructing the Kantian dichotomy of faith vs. knowledge, Jacques Derrida shows that secularism is, paradoxically, both a concrete socio-political regime and a possibility for a radical change.
Heavy Particle Accompanied Fission of 284Og - A Statistical Model Study
Authors: Subramanian S. , Selvaraj S.
Published: October 2021

The structural characteristics of SHN can be investigated through the decay of SHN. In the present work ternary fission of SHN 284Og for two proton magic fixed third fragment 48Ca and 68Ni is studied at three different excitation energies 20, 35 and 50 MeV. Interestingly, 169Yb + 67Ni + 48Ca is having larger yield values and hence it is the most favoured way of fragmentation at intermediate excitation energy 35 MeV. It is observed that, asymmetric fission is favoured over symmetric fission at all the excitation for the third fragment 48Ca. Asymmetric fission is the most favoured with the fragment combination 148Sm + 68Ni + 68Ni for fixed A3 = 68Ni at all the excitations. Unlike the Ca third fragment, near symmetric fission is also favoured with 113Ag + 103Tc + 68Ni for A3 = 68Ni at all the three excitation energies.
Cronología de los viajes de Juan Goytisolo a la Revolución cubana: de la fascinación a la ruptura
Authors: Del Campo Cortés Eduardo
Published: October 2021

Juan Goytisolo (1931-2017), bisnieto de un terrateniente enriquecido en Cuba con la producción de azúcar basada en la explotación de esclavos, viajó tres veces a la isla durante los primeros años de la Revolución cubana: de diciembre de 1961 a febrero de 1962; de octubre de 1962 a principios de 1963 por la crisis de los misiles nucleares, y en el verano de 1967. Este artículo establece la cronología de la relación del escritor español con este acontecimiento histórico del siglo XX a través de su Autobiografía, su libro-reportaje Pueblo en marcha, sus textos de opinión en El País y otros documentos de su paso por la nación caribeña. Comprobamos que, tras el apoyo inicial a la Revolución como modelo social frente a la dictadura franquista en España, Goytisolo denunció su conversión en una tiranía comunista y mantuvo esta crítica hasta el final de sus días, mientras expresaba su nostalgia por Cuba, el país americano que dejó más huella en su vida y en su obra.
STUDY ON SOME HEMATOLOGICAL AND BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF NEWLY INTRODUCED LAYER BREEDS DEPENDING ON THE LAYING PERIOD
Authors: Arnaudov A. , Bochukov A. , Petrov P. , Gerzilov V. , Penkov D.
Published: October 2021

PURPOSE: To compare some major hematological and biochemical blood parameters of 3 newly introduced poultry breeds – Australorp, Marans and Araucana, during different stages of their egg-laying period.
METHODS: Five blood parameters were investigated: hematocrit, hemoglobin, glucose, total protein and total cholesterol. A hundred blood samples were tested, collected at three laying stages – beginning, middle and end.
RESULTS: Statistically significant differences in the hemoglobin levels by sexes were established: in Marans breed (males – between 8.38 and 13.45; females – between 7.30 and 9.02 g*dl-1) and Araucana (males – between 9.17 and 13.65; females – between 9.08 and 9.40 g*dl-1).
The hematocrit levels in the males (from 23.16% in Marans to 40.88% in Australorp) were significantly higher than the levels in the females (from 23.72% in Marans to 30.48% in Australorp).
The blood glucose test of the cocks (from 32.07 in Marans to 40.88 mmol*l-1 in Australorp) showed higher levels compared to the female (from 23.72 in Marans to 30.48 mmol*l-1 in Australorp).
The total protein content in the layers’ blood (between 5.97 in Araucana and 8.73 g*dl-1 in Marans) was higher compared to cocks.
The total cholesterol levels were, as follows: males – from 2.05 in Araucana to 3.49 mmol*l-1 in Australorp; females – from 1.92 in Australorp to 6.57 3.49 mmol*l-1 in Araucana.
CONCLUSIONS: The variations in the investigated parameters in the blood are a result of the simultaneous effect of several factors - breed genetic differences, differences in egg-laying effort and degree of adaptation.
KEEL BONE DAMAGE IN LAYING HENS – DIAGNOSTIC METHODS AND SEVERITY EVALUATION
Authors: Slavchev S. , Lazarov L.
Published: October 2021

Modern industrial egg production is accompanied by a number of clinical problems related to the welfare of laying hens. Sternum injuries are some of the most common pathologies in this animal species. The sternum in hens is 9-12 cm long and is located in the ventral sagittal plane (1). This is the largest bone in the body of the hen and serves as the basis of the entire skeleton. Bone growth and ossification is a process that begins in the cranial part and gradually ends in the caudal part. In the early stages of the egg-laying period (between 28 and 40 weeks of age), it is not yet fully ossified, and the caudal tip often remains cartilaginous (1). This makes the sternum more vulnerable to damage than other long bones that complete their ossification in time (2).
A large percentage of birds housed in aviary breeding systems are affected by sternal fractures. Due to the way chickens are raised, the sternum is affected by morphological changes that are important for animal welfare. The main concern stems from the pain experienced by laying hens with fractures and deformities of the sternum.
Stuck in painful time: perception of time by individuals with eating disorders depending on their mood
Authors:   Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Christian Philosophy, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Warsaw, Poland, Starzomska-Romanowska Małgorzata , Sas Ewa ,   “Drzewo życia” Foundation, Malawa, Poland, Rosińska Paulina ,   Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Christian Philosophy, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Warsaw, Poland, Bielecki Jan ,   Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Christian Philosophy, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Warsaw, Poland
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Eating disorders still pose a formidable challenge to health care professionals. The suffering of eating-disordered individuals may be profound, with the main contributing factors being low self-esteem, guilt and depression, a sense of hopelessness, and loneliness. The objective of the study was to determine how patients with eating disorders perceive time, and in particular whether their experience of time differs from that of healthy individuals. Another goal was to examine the relationship between the mood of the subjects and their time perspective. Materials and methods: The subjects were 30 women with eating disorders and 30 age-matched healthy female controls. The three measures applied were: the Time Metaphors Questionnaire by Małgorzata Sobol-Kwapińska, the Time Perspective Inventory by Philip Zimbardo, and the UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist (UMACL) by Gerald Matthews et al. Results: As expected, statistical analyses revealed that women with eating disorders were characterised by a more negative perception of time than healthy subjects. The study also confirmed the expected correlations between positive and negative time perceptions and mood. Conclusion: The results appear to have a considerable scholarly and practical value, and should be used in the psychotherapy of eating-disordered individuals focusing on existential aspects, including in particular topics regarding the experience of time by sufferers.
Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research – revised version by Giovanni A. Fava and his research team
Authors:   Wydział Psychologii, Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy, Bydgoszcz, Polska, A. Basińska Małgorzata , Woźniewicz Agnieszka ,   Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Collegium Medicum w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Bydgoszcz, Polska
Published: October 2021

Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research (DCPR), developed by a team of Italian and American researchers at the end of the 20th century, was elaborated and then revised based on observations and studies conducted by clinicians. In this paper, we present their current version known as DCPR-R. This classification system departs from the functional/organic dichotomy of disorders. The new criteria allow for the assessment of the role of multiple emotional/behavioural dimensions and responses in the functioning of an affected person. The revised version has four diagnostic modules, i.e., stress, illness behaviour, psychological manifestation, and personality. The authors introduced an additional factor to describe life experiences that contribute to stress (allostatic overload). Illness behaviours include health anxiety, disease phobia, hypochondriasis, thanatophobia, illness denial, persistent somatisation, conversion, and anniversary reaction. Irritable mood, somatic symptoms secondary to a psychiatric disorder and demoralisation are psychological manifestations. Type A behaviour pattern and alexithymia are considered personalityrelated factors. The authors of DCPR-R proposed a certain number of criteria to be met in order to diagnose each of these syndromes. The system makes it possible to clearly determine the presence of a given syndrome, but it does not allow to assess its severity. Psychosomatic syndromes play an important role in the development and/or course of somatic diseases. Inclusion of these syndromes in clinical diagnosis has made it possible to expand the spectrum of information about patient’s functioning, and, once they are diagnosed, offer appropriate psychological assistance, which will translate into an improvement in the quality of life.
Role of drinking coffee in the prevention of dementia
Authors:   Zakład Badawczo-Leczniczy Chorób Zwyrodnieniowych CUN, Instytut Medycyny Doświadczalnej i Klinicznej im. M. Mossakowskiego, Polska Akademia Nauk, Warszawa, Polska, Barczak Anna ,   Oddział Alzheimerowski, Klinika Neurologii, Centralny Szpital Kliniczny Ministerstwa Spraw Wewnętrznych i Administracji, Warszawa, Polska
Published: October 2021

The prevention of dementia is an increasingly common and applied strategy to deal with this problem. Researchers are looking for further preventive measures and examine both well-known methods and various substances – including coffee and its ingredients, mainly caffeine. Since presumably caffeine reduces the incidence of diseases that are risk factors for developing dementia, the role of coffee in preventing neurodegenerative diseases is becoming increasingly important. The results of studies evaluating the effects of coffee on neurodegenerative processes remain ambiguous at present, however, the consumption of coffee does not pose a risk for developing dementia. Data on the protective effect of coffee on the known risk factors of the emergence of a clinical manifestation of neurodegenerative diseases, i.e. diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, and depression, clearly indicate a beneficial impact of caffeine and other coffee ingredients on the reduction of the prevalence of these conditions in people regularly drinking coffee. Increasing the amount of coffee consumed translates into a positive effect on lowering the risk but reducing its consumption – increases the risk. Besides proven beneficial effects on the body, coffee also stimulates physical, cognitive and social activity, and improves the effects of the actions taken and it should be remembered that social isolation, sedentary lifestyle and insufficient cognitive activity also contribute to accelerating the development of dementia. The article discusses the role and importance of coffee consumption in the context of risk factors for the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
Hollywood’s “No Man” Leonid V. Raab (1900–1968)
Authors: Snedden N. William
Published: October 2021

Leonid Raab was one of Hollywood’s most prolific orchestrators of Golden Age film music. However,   his profile is absent from standard reference works on the cinema. Raab’s career is examined using contempora- neous sources including a journal in Russian belonging to his friend Boris Artzybasheff, translated here for the   first time. Emphasis is given to Raab’s alliances with fellow émigré studio musicians, artists, and expats in thewider community in Hollywood. Born in Tiraspol, Russia, Raab started his career in New York City as a copyist and arranger with the music publishers T.B. Harms, working under Robert Russell Bennett on musicals such as Show Boat (1927). He moved from Broadway to RKO Radio Pictures in 1929 and, following the Great Depression, was employed by MGM orchestrating Herbert Stothart’s scores for The Merry Widow, David Copperfield, and A Tale of Two Cities. From 1936 to 1967, Raab collaborated mainly with the composer Franz Waxman, orchestrating some 100 scores, including Rebecca, Edge of Darkness, Objective Burma, Sunset Boulevard, A Place in the Sun, and Taras Bulba. A comprehensive filmography (~400 scores) is presented, together with some rare family memorabilia and, among other things, an orchestral score which Raab arranged of the song “Glory to God” composed by Sergei Rachmaninoff.
Innocence and Grace
Authors: Bertoglio Chiara
Published: October 2021

L’albero degli zoccoli, by the Italian director Ermanno Olmi, polyphonically narrates the lives of peasant families in late-nineteenth-century Italy. The soundtrack prominently features works by J.S. Bach, mostly for the organ, performed by the celebrated Italian organist Fernando Germani. This article recounts the genesis of Olmi’s musical choices, discussing his views on music, on Bach, and on the interaction with musicians. Moreover, it is argued that Olmi purposefully employed some specific pieces in conjunction with particular characters and situations; it will be demonstrated that Olmi considered Bach’s music a symbol for God’s Grace, underpinning the film’s most significant moments in a liturgy of life, of fecundity, and of love. Bach’s music transmits the pervasive religious sentiment of the peasants to present-day audiences, asserting the holiness and the miracle of life.
Janina Müller, Musik im klassischen Film noir
Authors: Hickman Roger
Published: October 2021

Janina Müller, Musik im klassischen Film noirWürzburg, Germany. Königshausen & Neumann, 2019 [German language. 278pp. ISBN: 9783826065828.€39.80 (paperback)]. Klangfiguren: Studien zur Historischen Musikwissenschaft, Band 5.
John Haines, Music in Films on the Middle Ages: Authenticity vs. Fantasy
Authors: Shaffer Melanie
Published: October 2021

John Haines, Music in Films on the Middle Ages: Authenticity vs. FantasyNew York and London. Routledge [xvii, 229pp. ISBN: 9780415824125. $160.00 (hardback)]. Routledge Research in Music. Figures, tables, preface, endnotes, bibliography, filmography, index.
Air quality assessment in Southeast Brazil during COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown: report of increased air pollution
Authors: Bainy Bruno Kabke , Paschoal Ilma Aparecida , Avila Ana Maria Heuminski de , Santos Henrique Oliveira dos
Published: October 2021

On March 24, 2020, a partial lockdown was decreed in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, as a measure to hinder the spread of COVID-19, which consisted in prohibiting crowding and advising people to stay home, except for urgent or extremely necessary matters. Based on studies performed in other countries, this study aims to assess the impacts of the lockdown on the air quality of five cities in the state of São Paulo. Our study was conducted by using particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide as air quality indicators, and by correlating the contaminants concentrations with weather data. The results showed an increase in these contaminants in all cities within the first weeks after the lockdown compared with the weeks before the decree and with the same period in previous years. This result is inconsistent with the literature. Therefore, a secondary goal was set to investigate the possible cause (or causes) of such deterioration in air quality, which led to the increased number of wildfires. The anomalous dry weather favored the burning of vegetation in agricultural rural areas and in small, vegetated areas near the municipalities, and limited pollution scavenging by rainfall, both of which contributed to higher pollution concentration. We hypothesize the possible effects of worse air quality on the aggravation of COVID-19, but further research is necessary to obtain a complete assessment.
P2X7 receptor-nitric oxide interaction mediates apoptosis in mouse immortalized mesangial cells exposed to high glucose
Authors: Fernandes Thamires de Oliveira , Rodrigues Adelson Marçal , Punaro Giovana Rita , Lima Deyse Yorgos de , Higa Elisa Mieko Suemitsu
Published: October 2021

Abstract Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia that leads to diabetic nephropathy (DN). We showed that P2X7, a purinergic receptor, was highly expressed in DM; however, when oxidative stress was controlled, renal NO recovered, and the activation of this receptor remained significantly reduced. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of NO on the P2X7 and apoptosis in mouse immortalized mesangial cells (MiMC) cultured in high glucose (HG) medium. Methods: MiMCs were cultured with DMEM and exposed to normal glucose (NG), mannitol (MA), or HG. Cell viability was assessed by an automated counter. Supernatants were collected for NO quantification, and proteins were extracted for analysis of NO synthases (iNOS and eNOS), caspase-3, and P2X7. Results: Cell viability remained above 90% in all groups. There was a significant increase in the proliferation of cells in HG compared to MA and NG. NO, iNOS, caspase-3, and P2X7 were significantly increased in HG compared to NG and MA, with no changes in eNOS. We observed that there was a strong and significant correlation between P2X7 and NO. Discussion: The main finding was that the production of NO by iNOS was positively correlated with the increase of P2X7 in MCs under HG conditions, showing that there is a common stimulus between them and that NO interacts with the P2X7 pathway, contributing to apoptosis in experimental DM. These findings could be relevant to studies of therapeutic targets for the prevention and/or treatment of hyperglycemia-induced kidney damage to delay DN progression.
Stress distribution analysis in anterior teeth caused by several retraction mechanics
Authors: DOMINGOS Rafael Golghetto , LIMA JÚNIOR Almir , LAGANÁ Dalva Cruz , RINO NETO José , ABRÃO Jorge , PAIVA João Batista de
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT Introduction: Orthodontic retraction of the anterior teeth is indicated when the patient has a malocclusion with protrusion of the incisors. Several mechanics are indicated to perform this retraction. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the strains generated by four different types of retraction mechanics along the roots of the anterior teeth. Methods: A photoelastic model simulating an arch with first premolars extraction was made. Sixty retraction archwires were prepared, including fifteen for each type of mechanics evaluated: sliding, teardrop loop spring, T-loop spring and double key loop archwire. The strains were observed in two perspectives: occlusal and oblique. In the occlusal perspective, strains were compared among the six anterior teeth. From the oblique perspective, strains were compared among the thirds of the left canine root. Results: In the occlusal perspective, the teardrop loop spring mechanics presented greater strains, followed by T-loop spring, double key loop archwire and sliding mechanics. In all mechanics, strains were more concentrated in the canines than in the incisors. From the oblique perspective, the teardrop loop mechanics generated greater strains in the cervical regions of the canine, and in the apical regions, no differences were found in strains among the four types of mechanics. In the same mechanics, greater strains were present in the cervical zones. Conclusion: The teardrop loop spring retraction mechanic presented the greatest mean strain, and the sliding retraction mechanic presented the lowest mean strain on the root of anteroinferior teeth in the occlusal and oblique perspectives.
Perfil clínico e fatores associados ao óbito de pacientes COVID-19 nos primeiros meses da pandemia
Authors: Pontes Leticia , Danski Mitzy Tannia Reichembach , Piubello Simone Martins Nascimento , Pereira Jéssica de Fátima Gomes , Jantsch Leonardo Bigolin , Costa Letícia Bettega , Santos Juliana de Oliveira dos , Arrué Andrea Moreira
Published: October 2021

RESUMO Objetivo analisar as características individuais, clínicas e os fatores associados à mortalidade de pacientes com COVID-19, em hospital público do estado do Paraná, Brasil. Métodos estudo seccional, retrospectivo, documental (n= 86), com pacientes adultos internados, de março a junho de 2020. Resultados a mortalidade foi de 12,8%, o grupo de maior risco foi de idosos com comorbidades, especialmente, cardiovasculares. A chance de óbito foi 58 vezes maior em idosos, comparada aos adultos, e oito vezes maior naqueles com comorbidades, comparadas aos hígidos. A maioria dos pacientes apresentou sintomatologia respiratória, febre e mialgia. Tratamento à base de antibióticos, anticoagulantes e antivirais, associado ao suporte ventilatório. As principais complicações foram hipóxia, insuficiência renal aguda e infecção secundária. Conclusão e implicações para a prática idosos com comorbidades cardiovasculares que necessitaram de cuidados intensivos apresentaram maior chance de óbito. Os resultados de um dos centros de referência na pandemia possibilitam discutir medidas epidemiológicas adotadas, com ênfase em conceitos restritivos nos primeiros meses.
‘Unmistakeably visible’: Queen Victoria in Frith‘s The Marriage of the Prince of Wales
Authors: Fletcher Pamela
Published: October 2021

When William Powell Frith was asked to paint the marriage of Prince Albert and Princess Alexandra in 1863, it was impressed upon him that the ‘great object with the Queen herself’ was that she be ‘unmistakeably visible’ in the composition. In this article, I offer a close reading of the resulting painting and its reception, arguing that Victoria’s decision to commission the picture from Frith lent a very particular set of contexts to the form and content of her visibility. In 1863 Frith was at the height of his fame for his modern-life subjects, Ramsgate Sands, Derby Day, and The Railway Station. By commissioning the ‘successor’ to this series, Queen Victoria placed herself quite deliberately into the very visible context of ‘modern life’, both in the painting and at the Academy. In Frith’s ingenious composition, Victoria sits high above the crowd, clearly visible to the viewers of the picture, presiding over her citizenry and the continuation of her dynasty, even if within the space of the picture itself only the loving few can see her. Represented as both aloof from and fully present within the contemporary moment, Queen Victoria is unmistakeably visible both as the vigilant monarch and the secluded widow.
Sizing hedge funds' Treasury market activities and holdings
Authors: Banegas Ayelen , Monin Phillip J. , Petrasek Lubomir
Published: October 2021

Hedge funds play an increasingly important role in U.S. Treasury (UST) cash and futures markets, a role that has been widely discussed following the March 2020 U.S. Treasury sell-off. In this note, we analyze hedge funds' holdings of UST securities and their UST market activities in normal times and in times of financial market stress using regulatory data from the SEC Form PF. We also develop an approach to decompose the reported aggregate UST exposures into UST holdings and derivatives exposures.
El rol de la edad en el estado de ánimo asociado al rechazo parental de la homosexualidad
Authors: Quiroga-Garza Angélica , Gómez-Rodríguez Amaryllis A.
Published: October 2021

Objetivo. En el presente estudio se buscó demostrar de qué manera se explica la depresión comúnmente asociada a la falta de aceptación personal y familiar de las personas homosexuales. Material y método. Investigación empírica cuantitativa, explicativa, de corte transversal. Participaron 354 personas, hombres y mujeres homosexuales mayores de edad en forma voluntaria y anónima. Se aplicaron la Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS21), el Cuestionario de Aceptación Personal y Apoyo Familiar y un Cuestionario sociodemográfico diseñado para el estudio. Resultados. El hallazgo principal fue un efecto directo de la aceptación personal y familiar de la homosexualidad filial en la depresión mediada por la edad que indica que entre más edad tenga el hijo homosexual, tiende a desaparecer el impacto negativo del rechazo parental en su estado de ánimo. Conclusiones. Probado el deterioro emocional que ocasiona la no aceptación familiar que mantiene el ocultamiento de la homosexualidad filial, urge mayor educación sobre el tema a los padres, así como la implementación de políticas públicas que garanticen el reconocimiento, atención y respeto a sus derechos.
The South African Constitution's empty promise of "radical transformation": unequal access to quality education for black and/or poor learners in the public basic education system
Authors: Arendse Lorette
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT The South African Constitution mandates the radical transformation of the public basic education system. To that end, the Constitution, read with the South African Schools Act, entrenches a right of equal access to quality basic education for all. The substantive approach to equality, rooted in the transformative ideology of the Constitution, necessitates an acknowledgment and overcoming of the past patterns of disadvantage, based primarily on the grounds of race and socio-economic class. Locating my analysis in "quality education" in the United Nations Report, "Normative action for quality education", I find that the definition of "quality education" involves a holistic approach which encompasses learners' level of academic achievement, the provision of an adequate school infrastructure, a well-qualified teaching profession, and schools that embrace a substantive form of democracy. In examining each of these indicators, I find the emergence of a clear pattern: for black and/or poor South African learners in the public school domain, disadvantage manifests in an unequal access to quality education. Keywords: South African Constitution, transformation, basic education, unequal access, race , socio-economic class, black and poor, patterns of disadvantage, quality education, holistic approach.
Hold onto critical jurisprudence
Authors: Van Marle Karin
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT The main aim of this article is to reflect tentatively on the importance of a continuing critical jurisprudence. By thinking about the lives and legacies of the late Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela and his second wife, Winnie Madikizela Mandela, I want to reconsider a specific kind of critical jurisprudence, with particular attention to the issue of constitutionalism. I argue for a critical jurisprudence that responds to the many complexities that South African society faces , with nuance - not broad strokes and generalizations ; with care, neither aggressive nor defensive; and with thought, not strategic or calculated. I am of the view that this third position also has an important, albeit minor, place in legal scholarship and legal education and most pertinently in the LLB curriculum. Keywords: Critical Jurisprudence; Constitution As Living Document; LLB Curriculum; Arendt; Derrida; Nelson Mandela; Winnie Mandela
The implications of the Public Protector's remedial action directing the exercise of discretionary constitutional powers: separation of powers implications
Authors: Slade Bradley V.
Published: October 2021

This article considers the judgments of the North Gauteng High Court in which the remedial action of the Public Protector was reviewed. In President of the RSA v Public Protector, delivered in 2018, the Court upheld the remedial action directing the President to appoint a commission of inquiry without having regard to the separation of powers doctrine. The decision stands in contrast to an earlier decision (SARB v Public Protector) and a later decision (RSA v Public Protector) where the Court set aside the remedial action of the Public Protector that also purported to direct the exercise of discretionary constitutional powers. In these cases, the remedial action was set aside after proper regard was had to the separation of powers doctrine. This article therefore considers these diverging approaches where the court reviews the remedial action of the Public Protector directing the exercise of discretionary constitutional powers. It considers the effects of not consistently having regard to the separation of powers doctrine in reviewing the remedial action of the Public Protector. It is argued that the inconsistent invocation of this doctrine leads to legal uncertainty specifically in relation to the exercise of the President's discretionary constitutional power as head of state to appoint a commission of inquiry. Furthermore, the article considers the effect the failure to review the Public Protector's remedial action consistently from a separation of powers perspective may have on the Public Protector's ability to adequately fulfil the mandate of strengthening constitutional democracy.
An empirical analysis of class actions in South Africa
Authors: Broodryk Theo
Published: October 2021

As far as the author is aware, there has not been an empirical analysis of class actions in South Africa since the introduction of the mechanism by the interim Constitution of 1993 more than 25 years ago. There is no publicly available data which provides meaningful empirical insight into the operation of the South African class action. There is consequently much that we do not know about it. This article attempts to examine class actions over a period spanning more than 19 years. The purpose of the article will be to provide, through an analysis of case law, an empirical exposition of class actions instituted in South Africa using the criteria and methodology mentioned below. The study demonstrates that, although there have been only a limited number of certification judgments delivered to date, there has been rapid growth in the number of certification judgments delivered in the past five years. Most of these judgments are aimed at providing access to justice for poor and marginalised individuals. The data presented herein could place South Africa in the fortuitous position of being able to build a comprehensive data archive in which the class action is statistically dissected. Without comprehensive data concerning the operation of the class action, the available information will be insufficient from the perspective of providing adequate insight to enable its optimal development going forward.