bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Smart tourism destinations and sustainability: evidence from the tourism industry
Authors: Samancioglu Emre , Kumlu Sarp , Ozkul Emrah
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This research aims to reveal the role of sustainability in tourism in terms of smart technologies by addressing the relationship between smart tourism and sustainability through a thematic literature analysis.

Design/methodology/approach

The research is based on examining the role of smart tourism in terms of sustainability within the studies in the literature.

Findings

Tourism is a mass-movement industry that uses natural and artificial resources intensively. For this reason, intensive studies are carried out on this industry in sustainable studies. Based on smart cities, smart destinations have started to be created to focus on specific tourism activities, balance the use of resources in this field, ensure the welfare of tourists and local people, and, most importantly, create sustainable activities. These technology-based cities can save many resources that people need to consider. In addition, thanks to its integration with technological devices, it enables people to be much more effective in social and business life and to act more practically in terms of time, distance, and communication. Besides the stakeholders within the destination, tourists visiting the destination can have a more comfortable and resource-efficient holiday experience thanks to the technological applications and systems created here.

Originality/value

The research presents a thematic literature review on the importance of sustainability in the sector within the framework of smart tourism practices.
Effects of various acids on physical stability, rheological characteristics and curcumin encapsulation of whey protein isolate Pickering emulsion gels
Authors: Guo Shiyi , Mu Zhishen , Jiang Qiuwan , Zhang Wenjuan , Jiang Zhanmei , Zhang Ligang
Published: July 2024

Acid treatment can alter the functional properties of whey protein isolate (WPI), but the effect of different acids on properties of WPI‐stabilised Pickering emulsion gel (PE) is unknown. Compared with WPI‐PE, droplet size of the acid‐treated WPI‐PE decreased but its zeta potential, apparent viscosity, binding water capacity and curcumin encapsulation were enhanced. Due to the formation of the tightest gel structure of malic acid‐Pickering emulsion gel, it showed the highest viscoelastic modulus, bound water content and gel stability. This work would introduce a novel method for the development of PEs with good gelatinisation and curcumin delivery system for food processing.
Special education eligibility trends and related factors: An analysis of the context in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Shurr Jordan , Minuk Alexandra , Chahine Saad
Published: July 2024

While there has been movement from disability, or special education needs (SEN), eligibility identification as a prerequisite for special education services, formal school‐based identification remains critical in understanding the educational experience of students with disabilities. This study examined data from Ontario, Canada between 2006 and 2020. Descriptive statistics described trends in SEN status over the 14 years across 13 SEN categories. In addition, variance in the proportion of students identified per enrolled each year was examined to determine whether significant relationships existed with school level (i.e., elementary or secondary), school board type (i.e., English public, English Catholic, French public and French Catholic) and school board size. Analysis revealed an increase in special education eligibility determinations with statistically significant increase in autism and non‐identified eligibility and a decrease in mild intellectual disability. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that school level, school board type and school board size were also significant predictors of identification. The multidirectional effects of each variable and their implications are explored.
Client preferences for the design and delivery of injectable opioid agonist treatment services: Results from a best–worst scaling task
Authors: Metcalfe Rebecca Kathleen , Dobischok Sophia , Bansback Nick , MacDonald Scott , Byres David , Lajeunesse Julie , Harrison Scott , Koch Bryce , Topping Blue , Brock Terry , Foreman Julie , Schechter Martin , Oviedo‐Joekes Eugenia
Published: July 2024

Background and Aims

Clinical trials support injectable opioid agonist treatment (iOAT) for individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) for whom other pharmacological management approaches are not well‐suited. However, despite substantial research indicating that person‐centered care improves engagement, retention and health outcomes for individuals with OUD, structural requirements (e.g. drug policies) often dictate how iOAT must be delivered, regardless of client preferences. This study aimed to quantify clients' iOAT delivery preferences to improve client engagement and retention.

Design

Cross‐sectional preference elicitation survey.

Setting

Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Participants

124 current and former iOAT clients.

Measurements

Participants completed a demographic questionnaire package and an interviewer‐led preference elicitation survey (case 2 best–worst scaling task). Latent class analysis was used to identify distinct preference groups and explore demographic differences between preference groups.

Findings

Most participants (n = 100; 81%) were current iOAT clients. Latent class analysis identified two distinct groups of client preferences: (1) autonomous decision‐makers (n = 73; 59%) and (2) shared decision‐makers (n = 51; 41%). These groups had different preferences for how medication type and dosage were selected. Both groups prioritized access to take‐home medication (i.e. carries), the ability to set their own schedule, receiving iOAT in a space they like and having other services available at iOAT clinics. Compared with shared decision‐makers, fewer autonomous decision‐makers identified as a cis‐male/man and reported flexible preferences.

Conclusions

Injectable opioid agonist treatment (iOAT) clients surveyed in Vancouver, Canada, appear to prefer greater autonomy than they currently have in choosing OAT medication type, dosage and treatment schedule.
Beetle assemblage distribution along edge–forest gradient in a managed oak forest
Authors: Balázs Attila , Bezděk Jan , Šipoš Jan
Published: July 2024

Forest management practices creating small‐scale forest edge habitats in managed forests have substantial impacts on the formation of beetle assemblages.

In 2021, we conducted research in a managed oak woodland in Central Slovakia using three flight interception traps (FITs) to study beetle assemblages. Two FITs were installed at the forest edge, facing both, the clearing and the closed‐stand forest, while the third FIT was positioned 100 m within the closed‐canopy forest. We employed a novel methodological approach, which involved separately collected subsamples within the ecotone using FITs differentiated as ‘ecotone inwards’ and ‘ecotone outwards’ to capture distinct directional movements at the edge.

We recorded 5.997 beetle specimens, encompassing 417 species across 284 genera and 58 families. We found that the species diversity and abundance of beetles were not significantly different between the FITs. However, the species composition was significantly different.

The partial detrended canonical correspondence analysis suggests that these compositional differences might be closely associated with the distribution of trophic guilds, indicating varied responses to habitat modifications induced by forest edge creation. The results of our study showed that phloephagous, saproxylophagous, xylomycetophagous, xylophagous and zoophagous beetles exhibited a positive association with the forest edge, while mycophagous, phytophagous and saprophagous groups were distinctly associated with the closed‐canopy forest.

Our analyses indicated that the ‘ecotone outward’ part of forest edges of managed forest may attract higher number of trophic groups, while the ‘ecotone inward’ part of the forest edge hosted high abundances of phloephagous and xylomycetophagous species.
Characterization of omalizumab updosing patterns and predictive factors in chronic spontaneous urticaria: A prospective multicentric observational study
Authors: Pierrard Guillaume , Bernier Claire , Du‐Thanh Aurélie , Bara Corina , Soria Angèle , Castelain Florence , Boccon‐Gibod Isabelle , Hacard Florence , Delaunay Juliette , de Montjoye Laurence , Staumont‐Salle Delphine , Dezoteux Frédéric
Published: July 2024

Background

Limited information is available on the use of omalizumab (OMA) updosing since its introduction as a second‐line therapy in chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) in 2014. Practical guidelines from health authorities are lacking, and the specific characteristics of patients requiring higher doses remain unknown. Our objectives were to characterize the patterns of OMA updosing (defined as changes in dose and/or injection intervals), to identify the predictive factors associated with updosing, and to improve CSU management.

Methods

We conducted a prospective, multicentric, real‐life observational study, including patients diagnosed with CSU and starting OMA. The data were collected at 0, 3, 6, and 9 months. The primary endpoint was the frequency of OMA updosing at 3 months. The secondary endpoints included an analysis of updosed patients' profile, and an assessment of OMA efficacy and safety.

Results

We included 153 patients. Twenty percent of patients were updosed at 3 months, and 27% in total during the 9‐month follow‐up. Practitioners mainly chose to increase the frequency of injections (66%). At baseline, the updosed patients were more likely to have more severe CSU (UCT < 4, p < 0.030), a lower lymphocyte count (<2000/mm3, p = 0.037), and low IgE levels (<70 UI/mL, p = 0.024). The side effects of OMA were not more frequent after updosing.

Conclusion

One in five patient underwent updosing within just 3 months. OMA updosing is frequent in particular in cases of severe disease and low IgE blood levels.
Rethinking the relation between human and nature: Insights from science fiction
Authors: Gendron Corinne , Audet René
Published: July 2024

Facing the accumulation of data that suggest near‐future dramatic changes in our way of life, current visions of transition are anchored in an incremental paradigm that excludes radical change. Using science fiction literature and cinema, this article aims to build such drastic change hypotheses and explore the political–ecological features of future societies emerging from a rupture phenomenon. These post‐ecological societies need to be imagined and analyzed in order to better prepare for eventual dramatic changes and to engage in prospective exercises that contemplate the possibility of flourishing for all in the future. Our work builds on the idea that other forms of knowledge, such as artistic and creative insights produced by science fiction literature and cinema, are promising sources of imagination and must be engaged in a dialog with sociology and other social sciences in order to develop hypotheses of possible futures. The paper introduces six such hypotheses called “scenarios” that were induced from the systematic study of a body of work in classical science fiction production.
The potential for therapeutic drug monitoring of belatacept and other biologicals in solid organ transplantation
Authors: Bergan Stein , Vethe Nils Tore
Published: July 2024

In solid organ transplantation (SOT), biologicals such as recombinant therapeutic proteins, monoclonal antibodies, fusion proteins and conjugates are increasingly used for immunosuppression, desensitization, ABO (blood group) incompatibility, antibody‐mediated rejections and atypical haemolytic uremic syndrome. In this paper, we review the medical evidence available for biologicals used in SOT and the potential for improvement by the application of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and model‐informed precision dosing. Biologicals are used for off‐label indications within the field of SOT, building on the experience from their use on labelled indications. Dosing is currently mostly standard, and experience vs. effect and toxicity is limited. Pharmacokinetic characteristics of these large, partly also immunogenic molecules differ from those of traditional small molecules. Individualization by concentration measurements and modelling has mostly been proof‐of‐concept or feasibility studies that lack the power to provide evidence for improvement in clinical outcome. For some drugs such as alemtuzumab, eculizumab, rituximab, tocilizumab and belatacept, studies have demonstrated significant interindividual variability in pharmacokinetics. Variability in absorption from subcutaneous administration may increase interindividual variability. There is also an economic aspect of appropriate dosing that needs to be pursued. Available assays and models to refine interpretation are in place, but trials of adequate size to document the usefulness of TDM and MIPD are scarce. Collaboration within the TDM community seems mandatory to establish studies of sufficient strength to provide evidence for the use of biologicals that are currently used off‐label in SOT and furthermore to identify the settings where TDM may be beneficial.
Model‐based population pharmacokinetic and exposure response analyses for safety and efficacy of nivolumab as adjuvant treatment in subjects with resected oesophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer
Authors: Zhao Yue , Tsujimoto Akihide , Ide Takafumi , Zhang Jenny , Feng Yan , Gao Ling , Bello Akintunde , Roy Amit
Published: July 2024

Aims

Nivolumab is approved as adjuvant treatment in subjects with resected oesophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer (EC/GEJC) based on results from the pivotal CheckMate 577 trial. We present a model‐based clinical pharmacology profiling and benefit–risk assessment of nivolumab as adjuvant treatment in subjects with resected EC/GEJC supporting a less frequent dosing regimen.

Methods

Population pharmacokinetic (popPK) analysis was conducted to characterize nivolumab pharmacokinetics (PK) using clinical data from 1493 subjects from seven monotherapy clinical studies across multiple solid tumours. The exposure‐response (E‐R) analyses included data from 756 patients from CheckMate 577. E‐R relationships for efficacy and safety were characterized by evaluating the relationship between nivolumab exposure and disease‐free survival (DFS) for efficacy; and time to first occurrence of Grade ≥2 immune‐mediated adverse events (Gr2 + IMAEs) for safety.

Results

Nivolumab exposure was found to be associated with both DFS and risk of Gr2 + IMAEs. However, the hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence interval [CI]) at the 5th and 95th percentiles of nivolumab exposure were similar for DFS and Gr2 + IMAEs, indicating flat E‐R relationships within the exposure range produced by the studied regimen. Model‐predicted probability of DFS and Gr2 + IMAEs were similar between the two regimens of 240 mg every 2 weeks or 480 mg every 4 weeks for 16 weeks followed by 480 mg Q4W up to 1 year.

Conclusions

The analyses demonstrated a flat E‐R relationship over the range of exposures produced by the studied regimen and supported the approval of an alternative dosing regimen with less frequent dosing in patients with adjuvant EC/GEJC.
Behavioral skill practice as a predictor of mood and family functioning in adolescents with bipolar and depressive mood disorders: Results of a 6‐month randomized trial of family‐focused therapy
Authors: Weintraub Marc J. , Merranko John A. , Ichinose Megan C. , Denenny Danielle M. , Walshaw Patricia D. , Morgan‐Fleming Georga , Brown Robin D. , Arevian Armen C. , Miklowitz David J.
Published: July 2024

Objective

Behavioral interventions require considerable practice of treatment skills in between therapy sessions. The effects of these treatments may vary with the degree to which patients are able to implement these practices. In offspring of parents with bipolar and major depressive disorders, we examined whether youth who frequently practiced communication and problem‐solving skills between family‐focused therapy (FFT) sessions had less severe mood symptoms and better psychosocial functioning over 6 months than youth who practiced less frequently.

Methods

We randomly assigned offspring (ages 12–19) of parents with mood disorders to 12 sessions of FFT plus a mobile app that encouraged the practice of communication, problem‐solving and mood management skills (FFT‐MyCoachConnect [MCC] condition) or 12 sessions of FFT with an app that only allowed for tracking of symptoms and stress (FFT‐Track condition). Independent evaluators assessed youths' mood and psychosocial functioning at 9‐week intervals over 27 weeks. Clinicians rated participants' between‐session skill practice at each FFT session.

Results

FFT‐MCC was associated with more frequent skill practice than FFT‐Track over 18 weeks of treatment. Skill practice was associated with reductions in youths' mood instability and perceptions of family conflict over 27 weeks in both app conditions. Skill practice mediated the effects of app condition on youths' mood instability and family functioning.

Conclusions

Mobile applications as adjuncts to family therapy for youth with mood disorders can help increase skill practice. These findings provide preliminary causal evidence for behavioral skill practice improving mood symptoms and family functioning among youth with mood disorders.
Discovering novel derivatives of STAT3 and HDAC inhibitors with anti‐tumor activity
Authors: Yang Yu , Pu Yamin , Huang Xiaoli , Liao Mengya , Zhang Yiwen
Published: July 2024

In modern cancer therapy, blockage of more than one target is a standard approach, and there are already many dual‐target drugs that can achieve multiple inhibition through a single molecule. Herein, we designed and synthesized a series of novel derivatives with signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory activity through strategy of combining pharmacophore based on the STAT3 inhibitor E28 and HDAC inhibitor MS‐275. Among them, compound 24 (IC50 = 8.22 ± 0.27 μM) showed better anti‐tumor activity than the clinical Class I HDAC inhibitor MS‐275 (IC50 = 14.65 ± 0.24 μM) in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells. Furthermore, the dual inhibition to HDAC and STAT3 of compound 24 was validated by western blot analysis. The study provides new tool compounds for further exploration of STAT3–HDAC pathway inhibitor achieved with a single molecule.
How best to support parents in the management of standing frame usage in home settings: A mixed methods study
Authors: Krarup Laerke Hartvig , Holsgaard‐Larsen Anders , Rasmussen Helle Mätzke , Kyed Stine Østergaard , Pawlowski Charlotte Skau
Published: July 2024

Background

An improved understanding of the current practice of standing frame use may have implications for supporting parents in managing standing frames. We aimed to investigate how parents of children with cerebral palsy perceive and manage standing frame use in home settings.

Methods

We conducted a mixed methods study with an explanatory sequential design, first collecting and analysing quantitative questionnaire data and then using these results to inform a qualitative follow‐up phase to explain them. The questionnaire was answered by 103 parents of children with cerebral palsy across five countries, Denmark, Norway, Great Britain, Canada and the United States, and 12 Danish families participated in the subsequent interviews. A descriptive analysis was conducted using the questionnaire data. The qualitative data were analysed using a directed content analysis, enabling integration of the quantitative and qualitative data.

Results

The quantitative analysis showed that 89% of the parents felt confident with their child's standing frame, and 82% felt they had sufficient knowledge about how their child's standing frame could/should be used. However, the qualitative analysis showed that even when feeling confident, the parents experienced insecurity regarding whether their child was positioned correctly, and being responsible for positioning was challenging.

Conclusion

Our study implies a need for providing educational materials to assist the parents in ensuring optimal positioning of their child in the standing frame to decrease insecurity. Additionally, our study suggests a need to provide more thorough information about the benefits of using a standing frame and ensure alignment of expectations in relation to the child's prognosis of functional independence.
Assessing the acceptability of a culturally adapted group‐based pediatric intervention, Kokajjiriri, for Marshallese mothers and infants to improve nutrition and prevent childhood obesity
Authors: Ayers Britni L. , Short Eliza , Cline Chloe , Ammerman Alice S. , Council Sarah K. , Kabua Philmar Mendoza
Published: July 2024

Background

Marshallese Pacific Islanders experience higher rates of obesity than other racial and/or ethnic communities. Despite the obesity rates experienced in this community, there are currently no childhood obesity prevention interventions designed for Marshallese Pacific Islanders in the United States. The purpose of this study is to assess the acceptability and feasibility of a culturally adapted group‐based pediatric intervention, Kokajjiriri, with Marshallese mothers to improve nutrition and reduce childhood obesity.

Methods

A multi‐methods design was used to culturally adapt the Kokajjiriri intervention for Marshallese mothers in Arkansas (n = 17). In phase one, we conducted 24‐h dietary recalls with 20 Marshallese mothers to inform the cultural adaptation of the group‐based pediatric intervention, and then in phase two, we culturally adapted and piloted three sessions of the intervention to determine the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention.

Results

Participants found the adapted intervention to be acceptable and feasible, found the location to be convenient and found the facilitator to be knowledgeable. Four themes emerged from the qualitative data: (1) Lactation Support; (2) Introducing Healthy Solids; (3) Rice Portion Control; and (4) Finding Resources.

Conclusions

This is the first study to assess the acceptability and feasibility of a culturally adapted group‐based pediatric intervention, Kokajjiriri, with Marshallese mothers to improve nutrition and reduce childhood obesity. The results from this culturally adapted group‐based pediatric intervention, Kokajjiriri, will be used to inform future adaptations and implementation of the full intervention for Marshallese women and children.
Healthcare providers' perceptions of infant physical activity and communication
Authors: Chaudhary Priyanka , Snyder Kailey , DeVeney Shari , Dinkel Danae
Published: July 2024

Background

Healthcare providers (HPs) play a critical role in disseminating information about infant health and development. Two key developmental areas for infants are physical activity (PA) and communication. Few studies have examined HPs views of these topics. Thus, HPs may need support to promote these early development outcomes in infants. Thus, the study explored HPs' perceptions of infant PA and communication.

Methods

A total of 13 HPs with a wide variety of backgrounds were recruited. Zoom semi‐structured interviews were based on the Health Belief Model. Deductive content analysis was utilized to analyze data.

Results

HPs knew little about PA guidelines. HPs were concerned about an infant's PA because of limited playtime and tummy time. Most HPs advised parents on PA and motor development milestones, with crawling, walking, and tummy time. HPs also wanted to learn about PA measurement tools. PA promotion was hindered by parents' busy schedules, lack of time, and language barriers. Most HPs advised parents on verbal and nonverbal communication. Many HPs were unfamiliar with communication assessment methods and wanted to learn more.

Conclusions

HPs had limited knowledge about PA guidelines and communication measurement tools. Efforts are needed to identify easily accessible ways to educate HPs that could be disseminated to parents.
Online occupational therapy group training for mothers of children with feeding problems: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Koca Rukiye Begum , Akyurek Gokcen
Published: July 2024

Aim

The aim of this study was to scrutinize how online occupational therapy group training for mothers influenced their attitudes and stress levels relating to feeding their children and the eating behaviours of the children. The secondary purpose of the study is to evaluate the satisfaction of the participants of this program. Twenty‐nine mothers of children aged 3–6 years, experiencing feeding issues, were randomly allocated to either an intervention or control group.

Background

Feeding problems including selective eating, loss of appetite, and mealtime behaviour problems are prevalent during childhood. Parents play a fundamental role in acquiring knowledge about feeding. Problems in the feeding process may lead to parental stress, feelings of despair, and incorrect attitudes.

Results

The mothers in the research group participated in the 4‐week training. Results indicated positive effects on both maternal attitudes and their children's eating behaviours (p < 0.05). No significant change was found in mothers' state and trait anxiety levels (p > 0.05). Participants were asked to score their satisfaction level with the program between 1 and 10, and the average of the scores was 9.78 ± 0.42.

Conclusion

This study shows that online group education for mothers can support existing treatments and guide clinicians working with children with feeding problems.
Understanding allostasis: Early‐life self‐regulation involves both up‐ and down‐regulation of arousal
Authors: Wass S. V. , Mirza F. U. , Smith C.
Published: July 2024

Optimal performance lies at intermediate autonomic arousal, but no previous research has examined whether the emergence of endogenous control associates with changes in children's up‐regulation from hypo‐arousal, as well as down‐regulation from hyper‐arousal. We used wearables to take day‐long recordings from N = 58, 12‐month‐olds (60% white/58% female); and, in the same infants, we measured self‐regulation in the lab with a still‐face paradigm. Overall, our findings suggest that infants who showed more self‐regulatory behaviors in the lab were more likely to actively change their behaviors in home settings moment‐by‐moment “on the fly” following changes in autonomic arousal, and that these changes result in up‐ as well as down‐regulation. Implications for the role of atypical self‐regulation in later psychopathology are discussed.
Insights from the first phylogenomic analysis of flat wasps (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) reveal two new subfamilies
Authors: Santos Bernardo F. , Colombo Wesley D. , Murray Elizabeth A. , Brady Seán G. , Azevedo Celso O.
Published: July 2024

Despite significant advances in alpha level taxonomy in the past few decades, the higher‐level phylogeny of flat wasps (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) remains poorly explored. Herein we provide the first phylogenomic assessment of the family based on data from ultraconserved elements for 96 species in 61 genera of the family, with material from 29 countries and all biogeographic regions. Dataset cutoffs including ultraconserved element loci recovered for 50 and 70% of terminals resulted in matrices with 1513 and 451 loci, which were analysed in both parsimony and maximum likelihood frameworks. We also provide the first analyses of divergence dating for the family based on the calibration of 12 nodes. All analyses recovered the Bethylidae as a monophyletic group and estimated the origin of the family at around 143 Ma. The results suggest that all extant subfamilies had already diversified by the Late Cretaceous. All topologies suggest that Glenosema and Chilepyris form a clade separate from other Scleroderminae; owing to the morphological distinctiveness of each genus, we propose that they are accommodated in two new subfamilies, Glenoseminae subf. nov. and Chilepyrinae subf. nov. The monotypic sclerodermine genus Galodoxa was consistently recovered within Epyrinae and is transferred to the latter subfamily.
Clinical, radiographic and patient‐reported outcomes of zirconia and titanium implants in the posterior zone after 1 year of loading—A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zuercher Anina N. , Balmer Marc , Brügger Lily V. , Thoma Daniel S. , Jung Ronald E. , Bienz Stefan P.
Published: July 2024

Objective

To assess the clinical, radiographic and patient‐reported outcomes (PROMs) of posterior zirconia and titanium implants at 1 year of implant loading.

Materials and Methods

Forty‐two patients with two adjacent missing teeth were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial with a within‐subject controlled design. Each patient received one zirconia (Zr) and one titanium (Ti) implant, with the mesial and distal positions randomized. The implant restoration consisted of multiple layered zirconia, with the buccal aspect veneered. In group Zr, the restoration was intraorally cemented onto the one‐piece Zr implant, whereas in group Ti, the restoration was extraorally cemented onto the titanium base abutment and intraorally screw‐retained onto the Ti implant. Examinations were performed following restoration delivery at baseline (BL) and at 1 year. Measurements included clinical parameters, radiographic outcomes (MBL) and PROMs.

Results

Bleeding on probing showed an increase from BL to 1 year (34 ± 30% for Zr; 25 ± 21% for Ti). MBL remained stable with minimal changes from BL to 1 year, measuring 0.1 ± 0.4 mm (mean ± SD) for Zr and −0.1 ± 0.7 mm for Ti. Veneering fractures were the most frequent technical complication and amounted to 17.5% in group Zr and 5% in group Ti (p = .100). Patients preferred Zr implants for their soft tissue color, with a significant difference in perception between patients and clinicians (p < .017).

Conclusion

The study showed that both Zr and Ti implants had similar clinical outcomes, despite a high prevalence of mucositis and a few technical complications. Both implant types demonstrated stable marginal bone levels and similar patient‐reported outcome measures.
Holders of battered memories: Exploring suitcases as museum metaphors for travel, exile, and incarceration
Authors: Carnegie Elizabeth , Kociatkiewicz Jerzy
Published: July 2024

In this article we consider suitcases: ubiquitous objects in museum exhibitions used to signify incarceration as well as involuntary or forced migration. Building on fieldwork from museums and public spaces, we consider how suitcases themselves are consigned to the “attic of memory:” As museum displays or as piles of discarded remnants, offered as vestiges, as witnesses to human loss and suffering at death camps such as Auschwitz. We consider suitcases firstly as aspects of the extended self, as described in Russell Belk's work, and subsequently as symbolic object figuring imprisonment and mobility in museum exhibitions. We present three different such instances: a suitcase full of personal belongings presented to a museum, a set of concrete facsimile suitcases symbolizing forced migration, and a display of suitcases representing individual stories of confinement and migration. Although some of the life stories in the latter exhibition are presented with happy endings, by and large the museum displays featuring suitcases tell of forced movement and forced immobility. This tension animates our analysis, as we explore the double signification of suitcases as markers of mobility, but also of immobility and imprisonment, as well as the intrusive gaze of the state or other voyeur (including the museum visitor). A suitcase is, thus, not just an extension of the self but represents the lost body, for which the museum becomes the final, very public resting place. It becomes and remains an important memory device, even as its very ubiquity threatens to banalize its meaning into a one‐dimensional shortcut.
Risk of new‐onset diabetes and efficacy of pharmacological weight loss therapy
Authors: Moura Filipe A. , Bellavia Andrea , Berg David D. , Melloni Giorgio E. M. , Feinberg Mark W. , Leiter Lawrence A. , Bohula Erin A. , Morrow David A. , Scirica Benjamin A. , Wiviott Stephen D. , Sabatine Marc S.
Published: July 2024

Aims

To develop a clinical risk model to identify individuals at higher risk of developing new‐onset diabetes and who might benefit more from weight loss pharmacotherapy.

Materials and Methods

A total of 21 143 patients without type 2 diabetes at baseline from two TIMI clinical trials of stable cardiovascular patients were divided into a derivation (~2/3) and validation (~1/3) cohort. The primary outcome was new‐onset diabetes. Twenty‐seven candidate risk variables were considered, and variable selection was performed using multivariable Cox regression. The final model was evaluated for discrimination and calibration, and for its ability to identify patients who experienced a larger benefit from the weight loss medication lorcaserin in terms of risk of new‐onset diabetes.

Results

During a median (interquartile range) follow‐up of 2.3 (1.8–2.7) years, new‐onset diabetes occurred in 1013 patients (7.7%). The final model included five independent predictors (glycated haemoglobin, fasting glucose, age, body mass index, and triglycerides/high‐density lipoprotein). The clinical risk model showed good discrimination (Harrell's C‐indices 0.802, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.788–0.817 and 0.807, 95% CI 0.788–0.826) in the derivation and validation cohorts. The calibration plot demonstrated adequate calibration (2.5‐year area under the curve was 81.2 [79.1–83.5]). While hazard ratios for new‐onset diabetes with a weight‐loss therapy were comparable across risk groups (annual risks of <1%, 1%–5%, and >5%), there was a sixfold gradient in absolute risk reduction from lowest to highest risk group (p = 0.027).

Conclusions

The developed clinical risk model effectively predicts new‐onset diabetes, with potential implications for personalized patient care and therapeutic decision making.
Persistent disparities in insulin pump uptake despite a universal pump programme for type 1 diabetes in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Soliman Youstina , Everett Karl , Shulman Rayzel , Austin Peter C. , Lipscombe Lorraine L. , Booth Gillian L. , Weisman Alanna
Published: July 2024

Aim

To evaluate associations between social disadvantage and insulin pump use among adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the context of a universal publicly funded insulin pump programme in Ontario, Canada, and to ascertain whether social disparities in insulin pump programme enrolment have decreased over time.

Methods

Population‐based cross‐sectional studies were conducted using administrative healthcare data in Ontario, Canada. First, among adults aged older than 18 years diagnosed with T1D before 31 March 2021, logistic regression was used to assess the association between neighbourhood social disadvantage (Ontario marginalization index quintiles) and insulin pump use. Second, among all paediatric and adult applicants to the insulin pump programme from 1 September 2006 to 31 March 2022, ordinal logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between year of insulin pump initiation and social disadvantage.

Results

Among 27 453 adults with T1D, 60% used insulin pumps. Greater social disadvantage was associated with lower odds of insulin pump use (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.44 [95% confidence interval {CI} 0.39‐0.48] for greatest vs. lowest social disadvantage quintile). Among 21 002 paediatric and adult applicants to the insulin pump programme, social disparities in pump use decreased in the first 3 years of the programme, plateaued until 2020, then increased from 2020 to 2022, with no change in the odds of being in a higher social deprivation quintile for 2022 relative to 2007 (OR 1.09 [95% CI 0.83‐1.44]).

Conclusions

Despite a universal pump programme for individuals with T1D, disparities by social disadvantage persist. Residual financial and non‐financial barriers must be addressed to promote equitable insulin pump uptake.
Partnering with Reach Out and Read to understand families' experiences with books and their babies
Authors: Rogers Kimberly M. , Frosch Cynthia A. , Vilches Silvia L. , Sjolseth Sheila R.
Published: July 2024

Objective

Via a research–practice partnership centering community partners' needs and goals in the research design, we examined how parent, infant, and social‐contextual characteristics relate to shared book reading frequency and perceptions of Reach Out and Read (ROR), a national physician‐to‐family program.

Background

Shared book reading is associated with higher quality parent–child interactions and enhanced cognitive and socioemotional development. However, only a small percentage of families share books with their infants daily. Understanding factors related to engagement in book sharing is necessary to create developmental messaging that reflects families' experiences.

Method

Parents (N = 70) in a southeastern U.S. state were recruited from two participating pediatric clinics and responded to an online survey. Regression analyses examined significant infant, parent, and social‐contextual predictors of shared book reading frequency and perceived ROR value.

Results

Findings indicated that parents' insurance, mental health symptoms, and perceptions of the parent‐provider relationship significantly predicted shared book reading frequency. Perceived ROR value was best predicted by parents' mental health symptoms.

Implications

Strengthening the parent–provider relationship and talking with families about their needs and experiences with their infants may support clinicians in partnering with families around literacy promotion and early relational health.

Conclusion

Results suggest the value of considering socioeconomic status, parental mental health symptoms, and the parent–provider relationship when promoting early literacy and relationship‐building experiences during infancy.
Characterising dispersal and potential impacts of non‐native red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) populations in the coastal plain region of the pee Dee River basin, U.S.A.
Authors: Kendrick Michael R. , Walker Matt J. , Scott Elizabeth U. , Huber Jeanette H. , Roy Meagan B. , Williams Bronwyn W. , Rothman Gregory K. , Kingsley‐Smith Peter R. , Darden Tanya L.
Published: July 2024

Non‐native species can spread rapidly through aquatic ecosystems in association with both natural and anthropogenic mechanisms, but the relative importance of these two mechanisms in determining the spread of a species is not always clear. The red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) has been introduced to multiple continents, including waterbodies in the United States where both natural and anthropogenic dispersal are likely to have contributed to its current distribution.

The present study combined comparisons of historical and contemporary distributions of P. clarkii and several high conservation priority crayfish species, regional field sampling, and microsatellite‐based genetic approaches from the Pee Dee River basin in North Carolina and South Carolina to understand the dispersal patterns of P. clarkii and its potential effects on native crayfishes.

Field sampling and microsatellite analyses revealed widespread populations of P. clarkii throughout the study area with catchment‐specific patterns of population genetic structure, wherein more distinct genetic structures were found in the basin with historic aquaculture activities and a longer period of occurrence.

The rapid spread of P. clarkii has occurred concurrently with extirpations of populations of native crayfishes, namely the Waccamaw crayfish (Procambarus braswelli), the Carolina Sandhills crayfish (Procambarus pearsei) and the coastal plain crayfish (Procambarus ancylus).

The rapid spread of P. clarkii and coincident extirpation of native crayfishes calls for more extensive regulatory controls to help prevent the intentional or accidental release of non‐native crayfishes through aquaculture practices, bait releases, the pet trade and the environmental education industry.
Family caregivers use a Hand‐Under‐Hand online course to improve the nutritional status of patients with severe dementia: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Lin Yi‐Jun , Liang Ying , Fuh Jong‐Ling , Wang Tze‐Fang , Yang Man‐Hua
Published: July 2024

Aim

In Taiwan, over 90% of dementia patients received home care. Severe dementia‐linked food refusal significantly affects nutrition, thereby straining caregivers. Family caregivers can reduce their burden by learning feeding and dementia nutrition online, thus preserving patient oral feeding. The study aim for family caregivers learn online Hand‐Under‐Hand (UH) techniques to ease feeding in severe dementia, enhancing nutrition and reducing their burden.

Methods

In this quasi‐experimental study, participants in the experimental group received 2‐h UH courses online, while the control group received their usual care. The primary outcome indicators were abnormal eating behavior, nutritional status, and caregiver burden, with outcomes tracked at 0, 1, and 3 months. At the neurology outpatient clinic of a medical center in Taipei, 65 dyads—comprising patients with severe dementia and their caregivers—were randomly assigned to groups.

Results

The study participants comprised 36 female and 29 male caregivers, with an average age of 58.09 years. The patient group included 43 females and 22 males, with a mean age of 83.32 years. Patients in the experimental group exhibited reduced abnormal eating behavior, and caregiver burden was reduced at 1 and 3 months, patients demonstrated improved nutritional status by month 3.

Conclusions

The accessibility and convenience of online courses enabled family caregivers to use UH feeding techniques to effectively improve the nutritional status and correct the abnormal eating behavior of patients with dementia, while also decreasing caregiver burden. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 867–873.
Assessing residual fragrances on skin after body washing: Optimization of an analytical method using solid‐phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Goh Areum , Im Song Hee , Bae Jung‐Eun , Choi Yunsik , Jeon Jeonghoon , Im Sung Hyun
Published: July 2024

Objective

The aim of this study is to develop and optimize a method for evaluating the persistence of residual fragrance after body washing, addressing a significant requirement in the development of personal care products. The main objective is to establish a reliable, sensitive and reproducible analytical technique to assess fragrance longevity on skin post‐use of body wash products.

Methods

Headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) is used to analyse residual fragrances. We investigate the extraction efficiencies of various SPME fibres and compare different methods for sampling skin‐emitted fragrances, including tape stripping and sealed glass funnels. A controlled body‐washing procedure is implemented to standardize the cleansing process.

Results

Our findings indicate that the relative standard deviation for measuring five distinct fragrances is within the range of 3%–14%, highlighting the precision of the method. A notable variance exists in the extraction efficiency of fragrances using different types of SPME fibres, with some exhibiting over a threefold difference. Furthermore, the glass funnel method for fragrance collection demonstrates an 11.7 times greater sensitivity to galaxolide than that of the tape‐stripping method. Residual fragrances with base notes as the main components can be detected on the skin up to 24 h after body washing.

Conclusion

The optimized method for residual fragrance evaluation developed in this study offers a robust tool for analysing fragrance components persisting on the skin for up to 24 h post‐wash. This advancement facilitates a deeper understanding of fragrance longevity in personal care products, enabling comparative analyses between different products.
Determination of acrylamide in plantain and cassava chips through solid‐phase microextraction and gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection
Authors: Díaz‐Ávila William Yesid , Castellanos‐Galeano Francisco Javier , Taborda‐Ocampo Gonzalo , Fiscal‐Ladino Jhon Alexander
Published: July 2024

A robust method for analysing acrylamide in plantain and cassava snacks was developed using SPME and GC‐FID. Optimised via Box–Benkhen design, the method met European standards with a calibration curve R2 > 99%, detection limit 63 μg kg−1, and quantification limit 212 μg kg−1. Precision was <17.76% as per Horwitz equation. Acrylamide levels in fried ripe plantain were 894.40 ± 56.35 μg kg−1 and in cassava snacks 59.42 ± 2.46 μg kg−1. This validated method offers an efficient means for acrylamide control in thermally processed foods.
Volatile profile and sensory descriptors of Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T. Blake essential oil from Madagascar as a promising food flavouring
Authors: Merlino Maria , Cincotta Fabrizio , Verzera Antonella , Miller Anthea , Torre Marco , Condurso Concetta
Published: July 2024

The present study investigated the volatile and sensory profiles and antioxidant activity of 1,8‐cineole type Niaouli essential oil from Madagascar for which limited information is reported in literature. The volatile compounds were identified by Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and semi‐quantitative results were obtained by Gas chromatography with a flame‐ionisation detector; the odour descriptors were determined by a trained panel using a Quantitative Descriptive Analysis. The antioxidant activity was determined, too. Several volatiles, most of these here firstly, have been identified; 1,8‐cineole (eucalyptus‐like) prevailed, followed by viridiflorol and (E)‐nerolidol. ‘Eucalyptus‐like, fresh‐mint, woody, sweet‐floral and spicy’ odour descriptors have been defined. Volatiles resulted in agreement with the odour descriptors. The data allowed to characterise the Niaouli essential oil; considering its volatile composition, pleasant sensory notes and antioxidant activity the 1,8‐cineole type Niaouli essential oil from Madagascar could be considered a promising flavouring agent and natural preservative in the food industry.
Frequency and potential causes of non‐beneficial Code Blue activations at a metropolitan teaching hospital
Authors: Crosbie David , Barton Josta , Ghosh Angaj , Hayes Barbara , Jones Daryl
Published: July 2024

Background

Code Blue activations in patients who are not for resuscitation (NFR) may be regarded as non‐beneficial and may cause harm to patients, relatives and hospital staff.

Aims

To estimate the prevalence of non‐beneficial Code Blue calls in a metropolitan teaching hospital and identify modifiable factors that could be utilised to reduce these events.

Methods

The study consisted of two parts: (i) a retrospective analysis of all Code Blue activations over a 12‐month period using prospectively collected data. Non‐beneficial activations were defined as calls made in patients with a NFR order in either the current or any previous hospital admissions and (ii) an anonymous voluntary survey of staff who were present at a Code Blue activation.

Results

There were 186 Code Blue activations over the study period, with 48 (25.8%) defined as non‐beneficial. Such patients had more comorbidities, previous hospitalisations and greater levels of frailty. Most non‐beneficial calls occurred on general wards and more than three‐quarters of patients had been reviewed by a consultant prior to the call. The survey determined that despite ward staff having a considerable degree of resuscitation experience, there were deficiencies in understanding of Code Blue criteria, the resuscitation status of patients under their care and the interpretation of goals of care.

Conclusions

Over a quarter of Code Blue calls were deemed non‐beneficial. Improving the visibility of NFR status and staff understanding of patient goals of care are needed, along with timely, proactive documentation of NFR status by experienced clinicians.