bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Assessment of a Public Health Initiative of Homeopathy for Primary Teething
Authors: Taneja Divya , Khurana Anil , Vichitra Anil , Sarkar Sarabjit , Gupta Arun , Mittal Renu , Bawaskar Ramesh , Sahoo Amulya , Prusty Umakanta , Singh Shweta , Sharma Meera , Pant Richa , Singh Udaiveer , Upadhyay Alok , Sehegal Shruti , Patnaik Satyashree , Nath Tapan , Manchanda Raj
Published: November 2018

Background During primary teething, children suffer from running nose, mild fever, diarrhoea and other mild irritations and inflammations. A public health programme, ‘Homoeopathy for the Healthy Child’, was undertaken on a pilot basis focusing on promotion of healthy teething by provision of home-based care through six pre-identified homeopathic medicines for complaints commonly observed during primary teething. This article assesses the feasibility of this programme and reports the impact of this initiative on teething profile in children and episodes of diarrhoea and upper respiratory tract infection (URTI).

Materials and Methods Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) were trained in child care and usage of a kit comprising six medicines, namely Calcarea phosphoricum 6X (CP), Ferrum phosphoricum 3X, Magnesium phosphoricum 6X, Belladonna 30C, Chamomilla 30C and Podophyllum 30C. Calcarea phosphoricum was given regularly to each participating child from 6 months to 1 year of age. Home-based care for diarrhoea, URTI and mild fever was provided by ASHAs using the other five medicines in the kit. Dentition pattern and diarrhoea/URTI episodes were recorded over a period of the next 12 months.

Results Eleven thousand four-hundred and twenty-six children were followed up regularly. Amongst those who enrolled at 6-7 months, a larger proportion of children were approaching expected teething in successive months as compared with children enrolled at 12 months, thus indicating that teething delays, if any, were overcome during this period. Incidence of diarrhoea and URTI showed decrease in the months after enrolment. Children responded favourably to the medicines given by ASHAs at the time of diarrhoea/URTI episodes, and ASHAs expressed satisfaction with the programme.

Conclusion An approach with regular use of CP and home-based care with homeopathy through health workers for common problems in teething children is acceptable to the community and enhances outreach of services to the public at large. Observations in terms of the healthy teething period may be further validated through studies of homeopathy with suitable comparator group.
Resection of a Dumbbell Skull Base Meningioma by a Combined Two-Staged Retrosigmoid and Transzygomatic Transcavernous Approach
Authors: Campero Álvaro , Tovar Leoncio , Ajler Pablo
Published: November 2018

This case describes a 32-year-old male with 2 months of headache accompanied with slight right-hand hemiparesis. During a physical examination, he was also detected left facial hypoesthesia. An enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a large size lesion on the region of the left cerebellopontine angle, with large displacement of the brainstem and cerebellum. The tumor extended to the cavum of Meckel, displacing and pushing the left cavernous sinus upward. After analyzing the anatomical characteristics of the tumor, surgery was decided in two steps. Since the symptoms were mostly produced by the tumor part located in the posterior fossa, a decision was made to first resect that part of the tumor. With the patient in a semisitting position, we performed a left retrosigmoid craniotomy, exposing the transverse and sigmoid sinus edges. Using microsurgical technique, and ultrasonic aspirator, the complete removal of the lesion located in the posterior fossa was achieved. The patient presented a very good postoperative period, without a new neurological deficit. A month after the surgery, the patient no longer suffered from headaches or hemiparesis, but continued the left facial hypoesthesia. The pathology reported clear cell meningioma. Another month later, a transcygomatic approach plus peeling of the cavernous sinus was performed with the patient in the supine position and head rotated to the right side. Spinal drainage was previously placed. The total resection of the tumor was achieved without any surgical complication. The patient presented an excellent postoperative condition without new neurological deficit. The pathologist confirmed the diagnosis of clear cell meningioma.

The link to the Video can be found at: https://youtu.be/SmRy5HiJYJI.
Six Years of Experience in Treating Facial Trauma in the Province of Brescia, Italy
Authors: Bocchialini Gabriele , Ambrosi Serena , Castellani Andrea , Negrini Stefano , Zanetti Umberto , Rossi Alessandro
Published: November 2018

Facial trauma is an enormous public health problem with overwhelmingly negative physical and psychological impacts. The authors retrospectively analyzed the incidence, etiology, clinical presentations, and characteristics of facial fractures along with sociodemographic, economic, and cultural factors. They analyzed facial fractures treated from June 2010 to December 2016 at the operative unit. Maxillofacial Adult Surgery Unit, Spedali Civili Brescia, Italy, with particular attention to the associations among age, etiology, fracture site, and clinical management.
The Natural History of Facial Schwannomas: A Meta-Analysis of Case Series
Authors: Bartindale Matthew , Heiferman Jeffrey , Joyce Cara , Balasubramanian Neelam , Anderson Douglas , Leonetti John
Published: November 2018

Objective This study is to establish predictors of facial paralysis and auditory morbidity secondary to facial schwannomas by assimilating individualized patient data from the literature.

Design A systematic review of the literature was conducted for studies regarding facial schwannomas. Studies were only included if they presented patient level data, House–Brackmann grades, and tumor location by facial nerve segment. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated using generalized linear mixed models.

Main Outcome Measures Facial weakness and hearing loss.

Results Data from 504 patients were collected from 32 studies. The geniculate ganglion was the most common facial nerve segment involved (39.3%). A greater number of facial nerve segments involved was positively associated with both facial weakness and hearing loss, whereas tumor diameter did not correlate with either morbidity. Intratemporal involvement was associated with higher odds of facial weakness (OR = 4.78, p < 0.001), intradural involvement was negatively associated with facial weakness (OR = 0.56, p = 0.004), and extratemporal involvement was not a predictor of facial weakness (OR = 0.68, p = 0.27). The odds of hearing loss increased with more proximal location of the tumor (intradural: OR = 3.26, p < 0.001; intratemporal: OR = 0.60, p = 0.14; extratemporal: OR = 0.27, p = 0.01).

Conclusion The most important factors associated with facial weakness and hearing loss are tumor location and the number of facial nerve segments involved. An understanding of the factors that contribute most heavily to the natural morbidity can help guide the appropriate timing and type of intervention in future cases of facial schwannoma.
Bromocriptine Use in Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: Review of Cases
Authors: Simon Rebecca , Yang Sophia , Hameed Afshan
Published: November 2018

Objective This study is to review published cases of peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) treated with bromocriptine and outline pros and cons of the treatment strategy.

Data Sources Data were collected from PubMed/MedLine, ClinicalTrials.gov; the years 2007 to 2018 were searched for English-language articles. Search terms: “bromocriptine and peripartum cardiomyopathy”, “bromocriptine and cardiomyopathy.”

Methods of Study Selection This search strategy yielded 171 articles. After excluding duplicates, 86 studies were reviewed. Sixty-one articles involving the treatment of PPCMP were included, and of these, 17 were case reports of patients with PPCMP treated with bromocriptine; these studies were included in this review.

Tabulation, Integration, and Results Seventeen of these articles were case reports of patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy treated with bromocriptine that were included.

Conclusion Bromocriptine seems to be a promising treatment, there is currently insufficient evidence for universal utilization of bromocriptine for all patients with PPCMP. Addition of bromocriptine to the standard heart failure therapy should be individualized.
A suspended 3-omega technique to measure the anisotropic thermal conductivity of semiconducting polymers
Authors: Kommandur Sampath , Yee Shannon
Published: November 2018

Anisotropic thermal conductivity can complicate the performance of semiconducting polymer thin-films in applications such as thermoelectrics and photovoltaics. Anisotropic measurements of low thermal conductivity polymers are challenging, and there are a limited number of appropriate measurement techniques. Suspended film 3-omega is an appropriate technique but has often required unfavorable microfabrication. Herein, we report on the utility of the suspended 3-omega technique that uses shadow masking, and no other microfabrication techniques, in performing anisotropic (in-plane and through-plane) thermal conductivity measurements of polymer films. We report on the necessary conditions for the validity of the 1D suspended-film heat transfer model and provide experimental guidelines for in-plane thermal conductivity measurements of polymer thin-films. Furthermore, for the first time, we report the anisotropic thermal conductivities of N2200 and a low molecular weight P3HT, which are two common n-type and p-type semiconducting polymers. Measured thermal conductivities are compared with predictions from the conventional Cahill-Pohl model and a recent empirical model that more accurately predicts the temperature dependence.
Solubilization and protection of curcumin based on lysozyme/albumin nano-complex
Authors: Xu Wei , Ge Peipei , Huang Lu , Du Zijun , Liu Xinfang , Li Juan , Yang Ningning
Published: November 2018

Curcumin (Cur) has the function of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and other pharmacological effects. To further improve its solubility and stability, egg albumin/lysozyme (Alb/Ly) nano-complex was investigated for the first time to encapsulate and protect Cur. The interaction and morphology were studied by dynamic light scattering technique, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Fourier infrared spectrometer (FT-IR). The protective behavior of Cur induced by thermal environment was further explored. The results showed that the spherical Alb/Ly nano-complexes (118 nm-204 nm) spontaneously formed by one spot incubating via self-assembly. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC) for the AL31 complex were 91.5±4.7% and 9.2±0.5 μg ml-1 as the initial Cur was 10 μg ml-1. The stability of curcumin loaded in AL21 nano-complex was improved 15% and 19% as disposed with 80oC treatment for 1min and 60oC treatment for 30 min. DPPH measurement further verified the protective behavior as encapsulated. The worth-while endeavor elucidated Alb/Ly complex was feasible to solubilize and protect Cur and has extensive potential in food with various purposes.
Magnetotransport in Bi2Se3 thin films epitaxially grown on Ge(111)
Authors: Guillet T. , Marty A. , Beigné C. , Vergnaud C. , Dau M.-T. , Noël P. , Frigerio J. , Isella G. , Jamet M.
Published: November 2018

Topological insulators (TIs) like Bi2Se3 are a class of material with topologically protected surface states in which spin-momentum locking may enable spin-polarized and defect-tolerant transport. In this work, we achieved the epitaxial growth of Bi2Se3 thin films on germanium, which is a key material for microelectronics. Germanium also exhibits interesting properties with respect to the electron spin such as a spin diffusion length of several micrometers at room temperature. By growing Bi2Se3 on germanium, we aim at combining the long spin diffusion length of Ge with the spin-momentum locking at the surface of Bi2Se3. We first performed a thorough structural analysis of Bi2Se3 films using electron and x-ray diffraction as well as atomic force microscopy. Then, magnetotransport measurements at low temperature showed the signature of weak antilocalization as a result of two-dimensional transport in the presence of spin-orbit coupling. We interpret our results as the signature of magnetotransport in a single strongly coupled coherent channel in the presence of surface to bulk scattering. Interestingly, the magnetotransport measurements also point out that the conduction channel can be tuned between the Bi2Se3 film and the Ge layer underneath by means of the bias voltage or the applied magnetic field. This result suggests that the Bi2Se3/Ge junction is a promising candidate for tuning spin-related phenomena at interfaces between TIs and semiconductors.
Magnetization and microstructures of dipolar soft sphere ferrofluid under shear flow: A non-equilibrium molecular dynamics study
Authors: Liu Qi , Daqaq Mohammed F. , Li Gang
Published: November 2018

Material properties of a ferrofluid are strongly influenced by the microstructures of the ferrofluid and aggregation behavior of the ferromagnetic nanoparticles. Non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations are employed in this work to study dipolar soft sphere ferrofluid systems containing small and large particles under the influence of both magnetic field and shear flow. The computational model considers both long-range dipolar interaction and short-range repulsive interaction of the ferromagnetic nanoparticles. Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the effects of solvent friction coefficients, particle size, magnetic field strength and direction, and shear rate. The relation between the dynamic macroscopic magnetization of the ferrofluid and its associated microstructural behavior is investigated.
Matrix product state formulation of the multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree theory
Authors: Kurashige Yuki
Published: November 2018

A matrix product state formulation of the multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree (MPS-MCTDH) theory is presented. The Hilbert space that is spanned by the direct products of the phonon degree of freedoms, which is linearly parameterized in the MCTDH ansatz and thus results in an exponential increase in the computational cost, is parametrized by the MPS form. Equations of motion based on the Dirac-Frenkel time-dependent variational principle is derived by using the tangent space projection and the projector-splitting technique for the MPS, which have been recently developed. The mean-field operators, which appear in the equation of motion of the MCTDH single particle functions, are written in terms of the MPS form and efficiently evaluated by a sweep algorithm that is similar to the density-matrix renormalized group sweep. The efficiency and convergence of the MPS approximation to the MCTDH are demonstrated by quantum dynamics simulations of extended excitonic molecular systems.
Establishing a microscopic model for nonfullerene organic solar cells: Self-accumulation effect of charges
Authors: Yao Yao
Published: November 2018

A one-dimensional many-body tight-binding model is established to mimic the charge distribution and dynamics in nonfullerene organic solar cells. Two essential issues are taken into account in the model: the alternating donor and acceptor structure, which is beneficial for the direct generation of charge transfer state, and the local imbalance of the intrinsic electrons and holes. The most remarkable outcome of the model is that, due to the strong Coulomb attractive potential energy, the intrinsic charges in the cells are self-accumulated in a small spatial region and outside the self-accumulation region the charge density vanishes so that the recombination is regarded to be largely suppressed. The photogenerated electrons are subsequently observed to spread freely outside the self-accumulation region, implying that the Coulomb attraction does not matter in the ultrafast charge separation dynamics. These findings enable the understanding of the high performance of emerging nonfullerene cells, and the designing rules of molecules and devices are then comprehensively discussed.
Enhancing performance of magnetized liner inertial fusion at the Z facility
Authors: Slutz S. A. , Gomez M. R. , Hansen S. B. , Harding E. C. , Hutsel B. T. , Knapp P. F. , Lamppa D. C. , Awe T. J. , Ampleford D. J. , Bliss D. E. , Chandler G. A. , Cuneo M. E. , Geissel M. , Glinsky M. E. , Harvey-Thompson A. J. , Hess M. H. , Jennings C. A. , Jones B. , Laity G. R. , Martin M. R. , Peterson K. J. , Porter J. L. , Rambo P. K. , Rochau G. A. , Ruiz C. L. , Savage M. E. , Schwarz J. , Schmit P. F. , Shipley G. , Sinars D. B. , Smith I. C. , Vesey R. A. , Weis M. R.
Published: November 2018

The Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion concept (MagLIF) [Slutz et al., Phys. Plasmas 17, 056303 (2010)] is being studied on the Z facility at Sandia National Laboratories. Neutron yields greater than 1012 have been achieved with a drive current in the range of 17–18 MA and pure deuterium fuel [Gomez et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 155003 (2014)]. We show that 2D simulated yields are about twice the best yields obtained on Z and that a likely cause of this difference is the mix of material into the fuel. Mitigation strategies are presented. Previous numerical studies indicate that much larger yields (10–1000 MJ) should be possible with pulsed power machines producing larger drive currents (45–60 MA) than can be produced by the Z machine [Slutz et al., Phys. Plasmas 23, 022702 (2016)]. To test the accuracy of these 2D simulations, we present modifications to MagLIF experiments using the existing Z facility, for which 2D simulations predict a 100-fold enhancement of MagLIF fusion yields and considerable increases in burn temperatures. Experimental verification of these predictions would increase the credibility of predictions at higher drive currents.
Size and strain effects on mechanical and electronic properties of green phosphorene nanoribbons
Authors: Garrison Evan , Chan Candace K. , Peng Xihong
Published: November 2018

Recently, a phosphorus isomer named green phosphorus was theoretically predicted with a similar interlayer interaction compared to that of black phosphorus, thus indicating that individual layers can be mechanically exfoliated to form two-dimensional (2D) layers known as green phosphorene. In this work, we investigated the properties of green phosphorene nanoribbons along both armchair and zigzag directions with ribbon widths up to 57 Å using density functional theory. Effects of ribbon width and strain on the mechanical and electronic properties of the ribbons were studied. The Young’s modulus, effect of quantum confinement on the band gap, and effect of strain on the band structures of the ribbons were investigated. The green phosphorene ribbons were found to exhibit prominent anisotropic properties, with the Young’s modulus in the range of 10-35 GPa for the armchair green phosphorene nanoribbons (AGPNR) and 160-170 GPa for the zigzag green phosphorene nanoribbons (ZGPNR), which are the same order of magnitude as those of the 2D sheets. The work function was found to be between 5 eV ∼ 5.7 eV for the range of widths studied. Both size and strain trigger direct-indirect band gap transitions in the ribbons and their transition mechanisms were discussed.
Comparative measurement of plasma potential with tube probe and Langmuir probe
Authors: Li Jian-quan , Lu Wen-qi , Xu Jun , Gao Fei , Wang You-nian
Published: November 2018

Plasma potential measurements using the conventional Langmuir probe may cause an error due to the space charge effect. To solve the problem, a tube probe is proposed in this study which can minimize the space charge effect by collecting electrons with an orifice instead of the solid surface of the Langmuir probe. The I-V characteristic of the tube probe exhibits a clear turning point, accurately indicating the plasma potential. Comparing with the results of the conventional Langmuir probe, it suggests that the plasma potential measured by the Langmuir probe may be underestimated by about 0.1-0.2 Te/e, which may cause underestimation of the electron density by about 10%-20%. Combination use of the tube probe and the Langmuir probe is suggested for accurate measurement of the electron density.
Cavitation erosion of the damping piston in double damping system of hydraulic rock drill and its influencing factors
Authors: Geng Xiaoguang , Ma Wei , Ma Fei , Zhou Zhihong , Liu Yuchao , Tian Xiang
Published: November 2018

The fast response property of double damping system is beneficial to improve damping characteristics. However, the intense pressure fluctuation in damping chambers often leads to the cavitation erosion of damping piston and seriously affects the normal use of seal and rock drill. The coupling model including the damping piston, damping valve, damping accumulator and connecting pipelines was established considering the structural feature and dynamic characteristics of damping system. The cavitation erosion mechanism was revealed by the simulation results. Analysis suggested that the pipeline damping and oil flow velocity between the primary and secondary damping chamber were the critical influencing factors for the cavitation erosion. The influence on system cavitation of damping valve structure and connecting pipeline types was discussed, and the reasonable range of matching parameters was given. Pressure curves in the primary, secondary damping chamber and noise spectra of cavitation were obtained by the field rock drilling test. The simulation and experimental results had consistency. The system cavitation was detected by the high-frequency pulsating pressure signal and its power spectral density analysis. This detection method provides a new approach for studying the cavitation behavior of hydraulic rock drills.
Spin Hall effect and current induced magnetic switching in antiferromagnetic IrMn
Authors: Qian Lijuan , Chen Wenzhe , Wang Kang , Wu Xiaoshan , Xiao Gang
Published: November 2018

An antiferromagnetic metal (AFM) rich in spin-orbit coupling is a promising solid for the application of electrical current induced magnetic switching, because not only can it rely on its Spin Hall Effect (SHE) to generate spin current, it might also provide exchange coupling field to replace an external field required for coherent magnetic switching. In this work, we study the current induced magnetic switching by using the antiferromagnetic IrMn. The switching current density based on the spin Hall effect of IrMn is on the order of 1x106 A/cm2, which is comparable to the heavy metal systems with a large spin Hall angle. We observe an interesting switching behavior, in that a complete binary switching occurs under an applied field in the range of 2.0 to 8.0 mT, however, from zero field up to 2.0 mT, switching is continuous and incomplete. We attribute this observation to the distribution of exchange bias field and the mixture of internal and external field, which is attested by magneto-optical Kerr effect microscope. Our study sheds light on the SHE in AFM materials and their application in field-free switching such as in spin-logic and magnetic random-access memory devices.
Bandgap opening in graphene using alkali ions by first principles
Authors: Silvestrelli P. L. , Ambrosetti A.
Published: November 2018

Recently, bandgap opening at the Dirac point in graphene, formed on SiC(0001) surfaces, has been reported in different experiments, by deposition of positively charged alkali ions. This is clearly of great relevance for the countless practical applications of graphene in nano-electronic devices. By first principles calculations, based on the Density Functional Theory, the electronic band structure and the energetic properties are obtained for Na+, K+, and Cs+ ions interacting with graphene on SiC. We show that simple adsorption of alkali ions on intact graphene cannot give rise to a significant energy gap. An appreciable bandgap opening, similar to that observed in actual experiments, occurs instead due to the formation of Stone-Wales defects and substitutional defects (where positively charged alkali ions replace carbon atoms) that lead to a significant breaking of the charge symmetry among the carbon atoms of pristine graphene.
Modeling of airfoil aeroelastic response to gust and rain coupled loads
Authors: Wu Zhenlong
Published: November 2018

The aeroelastic response of an airfoil featuring plunging-pitching coupled motion in an incompressible flow field to gust and rain coupled loads is primarily investigated in this paper. The equations of airfoil coupled motion are derived by the “typical section” approach and the aeroelastic model is achieved by coupling these to 2D unsteady aerodynamics models for incompressible potential flows. The modelings of the unsteady aerodynamic and gust loads are established by the use of the Wagner’s and the Küssner’s functions, respectively. The incorporation of the rain effect is implemented via substituting the values of the slope of lift curve in the rain conditions in the aeroelastic response equations. Numerical modelings of the aeroelastic response to gusts of different velocity distributions and comparisons with the solution obtained for the rigid and elastic models featuring plunging or pitching motion alone and plunging-pitching coupled motion are provided. The pertinent results agree well with the results from other literature. The influences of gust, rain and airfoil control parameters are specially presented and discussed in detail. These results seem new and should have important reference value to the optimization of aircraft structure for the industrial aviation community.
Schur multipliers and mixed unitary maps
Authors: Harris Samuel J. , Levene Rupert H. , Paulsen Vern I. , Plosker Sarah , Rahaman Mizanur
Published: November 2018

We consider the tensor product of the completely depolarising channel on d × d matrices with the map of Schur multiplication by a k × k correlation matrix and characterise, via matrix theory methods, when such a map is a mixed (random) unitary channel. When d = 1, this recovers a result of O’Meara and Pereira and for larger d, is equivalent to a result of Haagerup and Musat that was originally obtained via the theory of factorisation through von Neumann algebras. We obtain a bound on the distance between a given correlation matrix for which this tensor product is nearly mixed unitary and a correlation matrix for which such a map is exactly mixed unitary. This bound allows us to give an elementary proof of another result of Haagerup and Musat about the closure of such correlation matrices without appealing to the theory of von Neumann algebras.
Effect of second pond dairy effluent applied in spring to silage regrowth of perennial ryegrass based pasture in southern Australia. 1. Dry matter yield and botanical composition changes
Authors: Jacobs J. L. , Ward G. N.
Published: November 2018

In southern Australia the standard treatment system for dairy shed effluent is a 2-pond system. Effluent from the dairy is first treated in a deep anaerobic pond where sedimentation and breakdown of organic matter occur. Treated liquid effluent then enters a shallow aerobic pond where it is stored. Relatively little information is available on forage agronomic responses to application of this second pond liquid. The effect of applying this second pond dairy effluent to perennial ryegrass based pasture was measured over a 3-year period. Effluent was applied at 6 rates: 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 mm following spring silage harvest each year. Changes to herbage dry matter (DM) accumulation, and botanical composition were determined at each subsequent grazing. Over the 3 years of application, the average concentrations of phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur in the effluent were 31, 454, and 20 kg/ML, respectively. In addition, the effluent contained 149 kg/ML of nitrogen and 529 kg/ML of sodium. For all 3 years, the application of effluent resulted in a linear increase (P > 0.05) in annual herbage DM accumulation. Response rates for the 3 years were 27, 22, and 9 kg DM/mm applied effluent, respectively. The majority of this response occurred by the first grazing after application, where effluent application gave rise to linear responses (P > 0.05) in herbage DM accumulation of 17, 18, and 7 kg DM/mm for Years 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Botanical composition was not significantly affected by effluent application. This experiment has highlighted the potential of using second pond dairy effluent following pasture harvesting for silage as a means to grow additional herbage and extend the growing season. Based on the N content of effluent, herbage DM accumulation responses (Year 1, 10.4; Year 2, 11.4; Year 3, 5.1 kg DM/kg N) were similar to those expected from application of fertiliser N. It is likely that the primary response in terms of herbage accumulation is due to the N component within dairy effluent. While this study has shown positive herbage DM accumulation responses to applied effluent, further work is required to determine longer term effects of repeated effluent application, especially sodium, to soil characteristics.
Effects of Direct Drilling on the Phosphorus Uptake and Fertilizer Requirements of Wheat
Authors: Cornish PS
Published: November 2018

The effect of direct drilling on the phosphorus (P) relations of ~vheatw as examined in seven field experiments
over three years. Compared with conventional cultivation of the soil, direct drilling concentrated
available phosphorus nearer the soil surface and resulted in higher strength and lower root length in
surface soil (0-10 cm). Tissue-P concentration and dry weight of young plants (< 10 weeks) were consistently
lower after direct drilling. It appeared therefore that direct drilling limited the uptake of soil
phosphorus.
An unknown factor also reduced plant dry weight per unit of P taken up in some experiments, whilst
high rates of P fertilizer generally failed to give equal P concentration or dry weight in early growth. It
is suggested that the young plants were unable to exploit fully the banded fertilizer because of insufficient
adaptation of roots to the concentrated source of P and that this effect is a greater disadvantage for a
direct-drilled crop.
Direct drilling gave lower grain yields in four experiments when no fertilizer was applied, but where
rates of P fertilizer were high, the two tillage treatments produced equal'pields. In these four experiments
direct-drilled crops needed more fertilizer to attain 90% of the maximum yield. Crops in cultivated soil
had the higher dry weight at anthesis and therefore the higher potential yield at equal rates of P fertilizer
(in two years), but they failed to realize their potential at high rates of fertilizer because their greater vegetative
growth led to increased water stress after flowering.
Why are Fluorene-Containing Materials so Versatile? An Electronic Structure Perspective
Authors: Novak Igor , Kovač Branka
Published: November 2018

The HeI/HeII photoelectron spectra of substituted fluorenes (2-aminofluorene, 2,7-dibromofluorene, 2-acetylfluorene, and 9-trimethylsilylfluorene) are reported for the first time. We have observed significant changes in the π-electronic structure of the title molecules on substitution at 2-, 7-, and 9-positions and interpreted them within the theoretical framework of resonance and inductive effects. The substituents attached to fluorene at these positions govern the photophysical behaviour and properties of polymetallaynes that contain the fluorene moiety. The mediated properties include the size of the polymer bandgap, various non-linear optical properties, and the intensity and lifetime of luminescence processes. Our spectral results provide some detailed explanations of substituent influences in the form of, for example, orbital ionization energies, which can be further related to charge-transfer processes present in these metallo-organic polymers.
Heterotopic As,S,P and As,S,As Ligands: Synthesis and Theoretical Studies
Authors: Sárosi Imola , Sárosi Menyhárt B. , Lönnecke Peter , Silaghi-Dumitrescu Luminiţa , Hey-Hawkins Evamarie
Published: November 2018

The heterotopic As,S,P ligands 1-AsPh2-2-StBu-3-PPh2-C6H3 (2) and 1-AsPh2-2-SH-3-PPh2-C6H3 (4) and dinucleating As,S,As ligand 1,3-(AsPh2)2-2-StBu-C6H3 (3) have been synthesized and characterized. The structural motif of these compounds suggests great potential for their use as monodentate, bidentate chelating, bidentate bridging, and tridentate ligands.
Reactions of Methyl Ketones and (Hetero)arylcarboxamides with N,N-Dimethylacetamide Dimethyl Acetal. A Simple Metal-Free Synthesis of 2,4,6-Trisubstituted Pyridines
Authors: Prek Benjamin , Grošelj Uroš , Kasunič Marta , Zupančič Silvo , Svete Jurij , Stanovnik Branko
Published: November 2018

Two metal-free syntheses of 2,4,6-trisubstituted pyridines 10a–m and 16a–j are described. N,N,6-Trimethyl-4-(substituted)pyridin-2-amines 10 were prepared from aryl or heteroaryl methyl ketones which were transformed with N,N-dimethylacetamide dimethyl acetal (DMADMA) into enaminones 4a–m, followed by treatment with ammonium acetate to give (Z)-3-amino-1-(substituted)but-2-en-1-ones 5a–m. These were treated with DMADMA under microwave irradiation in a closed vessel at 130°C, to give via intermediates 7–9 the final products 10a–m. N2,N2,N4,N4-Tetramethyl-6-(substituted) pyridine-2,4-diamines 16a–j were prepared in a one-pot synthesis from the corresponding carboxamides 11a–j by treatment with an excess of DMADMA in a closed vessel under microwave irradiation to give via intermediates 12a–j to 15a–j the final products 16a–j. X-Ray single crystal diffractometry studies of the enaminones 5c, 5g, 5i, 5j, and 5m and 2,4,6-trisubstituted pyridines 16a, 16b, 16g, 16i, and 16j were consistent with the expected structures.
Acridine Synthesis by the Reaction of 2-(Perfluoroalkyl)aniline with ortho-Alkyl-Substituted Aromatic Grignard Reagent: Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Strekowski Lucjan , Zhang Jianguo , Saczewski Jaroslaw , Wolinska Ewa
Published: November 2018

The reaction of 2-(perfluoroethyl)aniline and its higher perfluoroalkyl analogues with an arylmagnesium bromide substituted with a methyl or ethyl group at the ortho position furnishes an acridine containing a shorter perfluoroalkyl group at the 9-position and devoid of the methyl or ethyl group of the Grignard reagent. Yields are in the range of 46–93 %. The intermediary of a substituted aza-ortho-xylylene has been postulated for related transformations in the literature previously, but this intermediate product has never been isolated. As part of this work, the labile product E-27 (half-life of 6 h at 23°C) was isolated for the first time and characterized by infrared spectroscopy, electron impact mass spectrometry, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, and 1H NMR. Experimental evidence was also obtained regarding the elimination of the ortho-alkyl group of the Grignard reagent during the course of the reaction as an alcohol.
Kinetics of Hydrolysis of N-Methyl-2,4-dithiophenobarbital
Authors: Tarsa Monika , Starek Małgorzata , Żuchowski Grzegorz , Stasiewicz-Urban Anna , Cegła Marek
Published: November 2018

The rate of hydrolytic degradation of N-methyl-2,4-dithiophenobarbital by spectrophotometric and separation methods was studied. The rate constants, order of reaction, activation energy, and pKa values were calculated based on the measurements of absorbance in the UV range. The changes in the absorbance values ​​over time for solutions of different pH were analysed. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the hydrolysis of N-methyl-2,4-dithiophenobarbital followed the kinetics of a pseudo-first order reaction. Plots illustrating dependences, log k, and pH indicate the catalytic effect of OH– ions on the occurring process. The results show that in an alkaline environment the pyrimidine ring undergoes cleavage in the 1–6 position, and gradual desulfurization. The obtained results were compared with data for phenobarbital, 2-thiophenobarbital, and 2,4-dithiophenobarbital. It can be concluded that the change of an oxygen atom to a sulfur atom in the ring of a barbituric acid derivative causes an easier decomposition of the compound. However, the insertion of a methyl group on the nitrogen atom increases the durability of the compound.
Atomic interactions in argon
Authors: Barker JA , Pompe A
Published: November 2018

The potential energy
function for interaction of two argon atoms is determined as closely as
possible by fitting a multiparameter potential
function to experimental data on molecular beam scattering and second virial
coefficients, and to the known long-range interaction coefficients. These data
are consistent with a range of potential functions between which gas transport
properties do not enable a clear choice to be made. In particular, gas
viscosities calculated with any of the potential functions show deviations from
experiment which are tentatively ascribed to unexpectedly large slip in the
viscosity measurements. Third virial coefficients calculated with allowance for
the triple-dipole dispersion three-body interaction are close to experimental
values whichever function is used, suggesting that other non-additive
interactions must be small. Assuming this, the properties of crystalline argon at
0�K are used to specify a single potential function.
Kerr constant-dispersion measurements on benzene and carbon tetrachloride
Authors: Le Fevre RJW , Solomons SC
Published: November 2018

The electric birefringences displayed by the above two liquids have been
measured photometrically at wavelengths between 375 and 625 mμ,
and Kerr constants Bλ computed relatively to
benzene, for which B589 is 0.410 x 10-7 at 25�. Empirical equations connecting
Bλ values and refractive indexes with X are
developed, and compared in applicability with others from the literature. Data
necessary for the determination of molar Kerr constants of coloured solutes in
the named solvents are also recorded.
Organomercury compounds. VII. Complexes of arylmercuric halides with bidentate ligands
Authors: Canty AJ , Deacon GB
Published: November 2018

The complexes, C6F5HgXL2 [X = Br or C1; L2
= 2,2'-bipyridyl (bipy),

1,l0-phenanthroline (phen),
3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,l0-phenanthroline (tmp), or 2,9-dimethyl-1,l0-phenanthroline (dmp)], C6Cl5HgClL2
(L, = phen, tmp, or dmp),
and PhHgClL2 (L2 = phen or tmp), have been prepared, but attempts to prepare PhHgCl bipy or complexes of
phenylmercuric bromide were unsuccessful. Evidence that the complexes contain
four coordinate mercury has been obtained from infrared spectroscopy. All
complexes, except C6Cl5HgCl phen, C6Cl5HgCl dmp,
and PhHgCl tmp, undergo
complete or partial disproportionation reactions, 2RHgXL2 →

L2HgX2 +R2HgL2
(or R2Hg + L2), in boiling
benzene. Although disproportionation or low
solubility precludes solution studies on the majority of the derivatives, it
has been shown that C6F5HgX dmp complexes are monomeric in acetone and that PhHgCl phen undergoes dissociation, PhHgCl
phen + PhHgCl + phen, in this solvent.
Four-coordinate complexes
of mercuric halides with neutral ligands, L,HgX,
(L = a neutral unidentate
or L, = a neutral bidentate ligand; X = C1, Br, or I), are

well kno~n,l-~
but analogous complexes of organomercuric halides, viz. RHgXL,,

were unknown prior to this
investigation. Reactions of organomercuric halides with

ligands generally result in
disproportionation, the corresponding diorganomercurial

and mercuric halide complex
being f~rmed.~-~
In some cases intermediate
complexes RHgL+X- have been i~olated~,~
or detected in

soluti~n,~-~~ and a 1 : 1 complex of unknown structure between
pyridine and cis-2-

* Part VI, J. organomet. Chem., in press. Preliminary communications for
Part VII: Canty,

A. J., Deacon, G. B., and
Felder, P. W., Inorg. nzlcl.
Chem. Lett., 1967,3,263; Deacon, G. B., and

Canty, A. J., Inorg. %ucl. Chem. Lett., 1968, 4, 128.

t Chemistry Department, Monash University, Clayton, Vie. 3168.

Evans, R. C., Mann, F. G., Peiser, H. S., and Purdie, D., J.
chem. Soc., 1940, 1209.

Cass, R. C., Coates, G. E.,
and Hayter, R. G., J. chem. Soc., 1955, 4007.

Coates, G. E., and Ridley,
D., J. chem. Soc., 1964, 166.

Coates, G. E.
"Organometallic Compounds." 2nd. Edn, pp.
78-82. (Methuen: London

1960.)

Seyferth, D., and Towe, R. H., Inorg. Chem., 1962, 1, 185.
Coates, G. E., and Lauder,
A., J. chem. Soc., 1965, 1857.

Brodersen, K., Chem. Ber., 1957, 90,
2703.

Schwarzenbach, G., and Schellenberg,
&I., Helv. chim. Acta, 1965, 48, 28.

Goggin, P. L., and Woodward, L. A., Trans. Faraday Soc.,
1962, 58, 1495.

Dessy, R. E., Budde, W. L., and
Woodruff, C., J. Am. chem. Soc., 1962, 84, 1172.

Aust. J. Chem., 1968, 21, 1757-67
Nickel(II) complexes of some o-hydroxyarylcarbonyl compounds. III. Naphthalene derivatives
Authors: Graddon DP , Mockler GM
Published: November 2018

Nickel(11) complexes of the
type NiL2B2 have been obtained
where L is a 2-naphthol-1-carbonyl
(I) or 1-naphthol-2-carbonyl (11) compound and B is
water or 4-methylpyridine. The properties of the 4-methylpyridine adducts resemble those of corresponding aryl
ligands: they have the high-spin configuration, absorption spectra typical of
octahedral nickel(11) and dissociate in solution in non-donor solvents.
Although the anhydrous compounds could not be obtained pure, they probably
resemble the aryl compounds in having a high-spin, square-planar configuration in solution.
Benzene isomers. II. 3,4-Dimethylenecyclobutene
Authors: Coller BAW , Heffernan ML , Jones AJ
Published: November 2018

Theoretical considerations
indicate that the electron distribution in 3,4,-dimethylenecyclobutene
is non-uniform and a dipole moment of 0.71 D has been predicted by inclusion of
non-neighbour core resonance integrals. Preliminary studies of the microwave spectrum
of this compound provide a dipole moment of 0.618 � 0.011 D. The term
"pseudo-alternant" is proposed to describe this phenomenon. In the
present paper additional physical and chemical properties of 3,4,-dimethylene-

cyclobutene are described.

The observed low-field
proton chemical shifts for 3,4-dimethylenecyclobutene
are not accounted for using a ring current model and a small calculated
paramagnetic current indicates properties usually associated with H�ckel 4n-hydrocarbons. A local anisotropy model provides a
better account of the observed shift. The carbon-13-

proton satellite spectrum
of 3,4-dimethylenecyclobutene indicates similarities
in the geometry of the four-membered ring to that in cyclobutene.
In addition, infrared and ultraviolet spectra support the conclusion that this
hydrocarbon be regarded as a cross-conjugated diene.

A detailed discussion of
the products arising from the bromination of 3,4-dimethylenecyclobutene
under a variety of conditions indicates consecutive 1,4-addition of bromine
across the four-membered ring, a property which has been associated with
cross-conjugation. Hydrogenolysis, chlorination, iodination, and attempted Diels-Alder addition reactions are also described.

3,4-Dimethylenecyclobutene
was prepared by the thermal rearrangement of

hexa-1,5-diyne. The mechanisms of thermal and photolytic
rearrangement of hexa-1,5-diyne are discussed using
Woodward-Hoffmann postulates. 1,2-Dideutero-,1-ethyl-,
and 1-n-propyl-3,4-dimethylenecyclobutene were also
prepared by the thermal rearrangement of the corresponding diyne.
In addition, the thermal rearrangement of hexa-1,5-diyne
over the temperature range 290-700� to give variable quantities of 3,4-dimethylenecyclobutene, fulvene,
and benzene is described. 3,4-

Dimethylenecyclobutene is thermally rearranged to benzene at 680�.
Acid-catalysed rearrangements in the furan series. II. The solvolysis of 2-acetylfuran oxime toluene-p-sulphonate in methanol
Authors: Greene BB , Lewis KG
Published: November 2018

The product formed when 2-acetylfuran oxime toluene-p-sulphonate
is solvolysed in methanol has been shown to possess the structure 2-acetyl-2,5-dimethoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran. Acid-catalysed rearrangement of
the product in methanol occurs readily with the formation of methyl 4,5-dioxohexanoate. The structure of the rearrangement product
has been confirmed by synthesis.
Proton magnetic resonance spectra of some benzo[b]thiophens. An investigation of substituent effects in a heteroaromatic system
Authors: Caddy B , Martin-Smith M , Norris RK , Reid ST , Sternhell S
Published: November 2018

N.m.r. data for 19
5-substituted and 13 polysubstituted benzo[b]thiophens are tabulated. The influence
of the substituents at C5 on the chemical shifts of H4 and H6 is discussed.
Long-range interproton spin-spin coupling between H3
and H7, and between H2 and H6, is general in benzo[b]thiophens. The vicinal
coupling J6,7 in 5-substituted benzo[b]thiophens varies directly and
linearly with the electronegativity of the
substituents at C5.
Conformations of Di(1-naphthyl) diketone and Di(2-naphthyl) diketone
Authors: Bruce EAW , Gore PH , Gupta SD , John IG , Ritchie GLD
Published: November 2018

Experimental dipole moments
(1030μ/C m) and molar Kerr constants (1027mK/m5
V-2 mol-1) at 25�C are reported for di(1-naphthyl)
diketone (12.1, -1120) and di(2-naphthyl) diketone
(12.0, -1170) as solutes in carbon tetrachloride. Analysis of results yields information
concerning the preferred structures of these molecules.
Synthesis and Trapping of Some Reactive Cyclopropenes
Authors: Dent BR , Halton B , Smith AMF
Published: November 2018

Commencing with 1,1,2-tribromo-2-trimethylsilylcyclopropane (1d), 1,2- dibromo -and 1-bromo-2-trimethylsilyl-cyclopropene (2d) and (6) are easily prepared. These reactive cyclopropenes decompose on standing at ambient temperature but can be trapped in situ as Diels-Alder adducts (4) and (5). Furthermore, 1,2-bis( trimethylsilyl )- and 1- trimethylsilyl-cyclopropene (8) and (9) can be prepared from cyclopropane (1d) via the bromo - and lithio-trimethylsilylcyclopropenes (6) and (7) in a 'one-pot' procedure and trapped as adducts (4e,f) respectively.
Chemistry of the Group-1B Metals. XVIII. Crystal and Molecular Structures of Nitratotris(Triphenylphosphine)Silver(I), Ag(O2NO)(PPh3)3
Authors: Bruce MI , Duffy DN
Published: November 2018

The 1 : 3 complex of AgNO3 and PPh3 has the silver atom irregularly coordinated by the three PPh3 ligands and a weakly bonded NO3 group, attached by two oxygens . Ag(O2NO)(PPh3)3 is monoclinic, space group P2/n, a 17.980(2), b 13.709(2), c 18.915(3)Ǻ, β 94.91(2)° and Z 4; 2772 independent observed data were refined to R 0.054, Rw 0.061.
Potential GABAB Receptor Antagonists. V. The Application of Radical Additions to Styrenes to Produce 2-Hydroxysaclofen
Authors: Abbenante G , Prager RH
Published: November 2018

3-Amino-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid (2-hydroxysaclofen), and its 2- phenyl analogue have been synthesized by three methods. Two involve the oxygen- catalysed free radical addition of bisulfite to the corresponding 3-aminopropene or 3-phthalimidopropene, and the third involves the sulfite opening of the epoxide of the phthalimidopropene. 2-Hydroxysaclofen is a potent antagonist of GABA and baclofen at the GABAB receptor site.
Reactions of Methyl threo-2-Acetoxy-3-chloro-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propanoate and Methyl cis-2,3-Epoxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propanoate With 3,5-Dimethoxyphenol: Potential Routes to Flavan-3-ols
Authors: Brown RFC , Jackson WR , Mccarthy TD , Fallon GD
Published: November 2018

Attempted syntheses of flavan-3-ols by reaction of either methyl threo-2-acetoxy-3-chloro-3-(4-methoxypheny1)propanoate (3) or methyl cis-2,3-epoxy-3-(4-methoxypheny1)propanoate (14) with 3,5-dimethoxyphenol failed to give the required aryl ethers. Products usually were derived from C-alkylation of the electron-rich phenol although reaction of the chloro acetate (3) with the phenoxide ion gave the furanone (5). The single-crystal X-ray structures of methyl 4-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenylmethyl)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-carboxylate and cis-3-hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxy-4(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4dihydr-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one have been determined.