bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forest microclimate and composition mediate long‐term trends of breeding bird populations
Authors: Kim Hankyu , McComb Brenda C. , Frey Sarah J. K. , Bell David M. , Betts Matthew G.
Published: September 2022

Climate change is contributing to biodiversity redistributions and species declines. However, cooler microclimate conditions provided by old‐growth forest structures compared with surrounding open or younger forests have been hypothesized to provide thermal refugia for species that are sensitive to climate warming and dampen the negative effects of warming on population trends of animals (i.e., the microclimate buffering hypothesis). In addition to thermal refugia, the compositional and structural diversity of old‐growth forest vegetation itself may provide resources to species that are less available in forests with simpler structure (i.e., the insurance hypothesis). We used 8 years of breeding bird abundance data from a forested watershed, accompanied with sub‐canopy temperature data, and ground‐ and LiDAR‐based vegetation data to test these hypotheses and identify factors influencing bird population changes from 2011 to 2018. After accounting for imperfect detection, we found that for 5 of 20 bird species analyzed, abundance trends tended to be less negative or neutral at sites with cooler microclimates, which supports the microclimate buffering hypothesis. Negative effects of warming on two species were also reduced in locations with greater forest compositional diversity supporting the insurance hypothesis. We provide the first empirical evidence that complex forest structure and vegetation diversity confer microclimatic advantages to some animal populations in the face of climate change. Conservation of old‐growth forests, or their characteristics in managed forests, could help slow the negative effects of climate warming on some breeding bird populations via microclimate buffering and possibly insurance effects.
Effect of chitosan molecular structure on the storage and controlled‐releasing property of double‐layer particles for bioactive proteins oral administration
Authors: Zhou Subin , Situ Wenbei
Published: September 2022

A double‐layer chitosan‐based particle was designed and investigated to enrich the bioavailability of bioactive proteins/peptides. Chitosan (CTS) with different molecular weights and degrees of acetylation (DA) was demonstrated to influence the particle size and ζ‐potential of CTS‐based particles. In particular, when the second layer was crosslinked, the double‐layer particles became compacter. With lower molecular weight, flexible chains and lower DA value, the particles CTS50/CTS30‐TPP presented the most compact structure, depending on electrostatic interactions and charges of CTS for intermolecular reaction. Moreover, this particle had an excellent performance to keep nutraceutical ingredients stable, just leaked 2.199% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in pH 4.0 solution for 60 days. When it shifted to the gastrointestinal tract, there was 3.671% BSA released in stomach, 6.500% in small intestine and 35.07% in colon. With the good controlled‐releasing profile, the double‐layer particle has been considered suitable for functional food applications.
Lipid nutritional value and bioaccessibility of novel ready‐to‐eat seafood products with encapsulated bioactives
Authors: Sapatinha Maria , Afonso Cláudia M. , Cardoso Carlos L. , Pires Carla , Mendes Rogério , Montero María P. , Gómez‐Guillén María C. , Bandarra Narcisa M.
Published: September 2022

In order to develop a healthy food with easily absorbable nutrients for the elderly, functional ready‐to‐eat seafood based on restructured fish fillets (from undervalued fish species) and encapsulated fish oil was prepared and assessed. Four restructured fish products (raw fillet, RF and raw fillet with encapsulated material incorporation, RF+, and fried fillet, CF and fried fillet with encapsulated material incorporation, CF+) were tested. The study entailed characterising lipid fraction and determining lipid and fatty acid (FA) bioaccessibility. Frying increased the weight of the n6 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) content, from 3.9–5.1% to 6.8–10.2%. PUFA concentration decreased from 32.6–45.0 (RF and CF) to 28.3–34.4% (RF+ and CF+). Regarding bioaccessibility, the n3/n6 PUFA ratios were lowered in RF and RF+ and augmented in CF and CF+. To meet the EPA + DHA RDI and derive potential benefits for the elderly, two servings of RF, RF+ and CF+ and three servings of CF per week would suffice by ignoring bioaccessibility. However, based on bioaccessibility, 12 servings of RF and 6 servings of RF+ and CF contrast with only 2 servings of CF+. CF+ would be an excellent choice for enhancing n3 PUFA intake, thus representing a way of valorising undervalued marine resources through innovative functional food.
Nucleobindin‐2/nesfatin‐1 enhances the cell proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in gastric carcinoma
Authors: Ren Le , Bao Deming , Wang Liming , Xu Qin , Xu Yayun , Shi Zhenwang
Published: September 2022

Nesfatin‐1, a newly discovered adipokine derived from nucleobindin‐2 (NUCB2), has been described as a new prognostic marker in cancers. This study aimed to explore the functional role of NUCB2/nesfatin‐1 in the cell proliferation, migration and invasion in gastric carcinoma (GC). The expressions of NUCB2/nesfatin‐1 in GC tissues and normal adjacent tissues (NATs) were compared, and the effect of inhibition of NUCB2/nesfatin‐1 on the cell proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in GC cell line SGC‐7901 was investigated. Cell transfection was conducted to inhibit NUCB2/nesfatin‐1 by short hairpin RNA. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion abilities were determined using cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8), 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU), wound healing and transwell assays, respectively. The expressions of EMT markers E‐Cadherin and N‐Cadherin were determined using western blotting. The expression of NUCB2/nesfatin‐1 protein in GC tissues was significantly increased compared with that in NATs. Consistently, the serum concentrations of NUCB2/nesfatin‐1 were significantly higher in patients with GC as compared with those in the control group. Moreover, the results of CCK‐8 assay and EdU assay indicated that knockdown of NUCB2/nesfatin‐1 could markedly decrease SGC‐7901 proliferation. Furthermore, the results of wound healing assay and transwell assay demonstrated that knockdown of NUCB2/nesfatin‐1 significantly suppressed SGC‐7901 migration and invasion abilities. Additionally, knockdown of NUCB2/nesfatin‐1 decreased the expressions of N‐Cadherin and increased the expressions of E‐Cadherin in SGC‐7901 cells. These findings suggest that knockdown of NUCB2/nesfatin‐1 suppressed the proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT of SGC‐7901 cells, suggesting a potentially promising therapeutic target for GC.
Solid-state fermentation produces greater stearidonic acid levels in genetically engineered Mucor circinelloides
Authors: Xin F. , Wang R. , Chang Y. , Xie Z. , Zhao Y. , Zhang H. , Song Y.
Published: September 2022

Omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are important dietary components due to their health benefits and preventative role in cardiovascular disease. Fish-based and plant seed oils are rich in stearidonic acid (SDA; 18:4, n-3), which are readily metabolized into ω-3 PUFAs such as eicosapentaenoic acid. However, these natural sources of SDA are generally low yielding and are unlikely to meet global demands, so new sustainable microbial fermentative sources of SDA need to be identified. Expression of delta15-desaturase in the oleaginous filamentous fungus Mucor circinelloides (McD15D) has been used to construct a recombinant SDA-producing McD15D strain that produces 5·0% SDA levels using submerged fermentation conditions. Switching to solid-state fermentation conditions in the same medium with submerged fermentation resulted in this engineered strain producing significantly higher amounts of SDA. A Box–Behnken design of response surface methodology approach has been used to identify optimal glucose and ammonium tartrate concentrations and temperature levels to maximize SDA production. The use of these optimal solid-state fermentation conditions resulted in the spores and mycelium of the recombinant McD15D producing 19·5% (0·64 mg g−1) and 12·2% (1·52 mg g−1) SDA content, respectively, which represents an overall increase in SDA yield of 188·0% compared with SDA yields produced using submerged fermentation conditions.
Cognitive Continuum Theory: Can it contribute to the examination of confidentiality and risk‐actuated disclosure decisions of nurses practising in mental health?
Authors: Conlon Darren , Raeburn Toby , Wand Timothy
Published: September 2022

Nurses practising in mental health are faced with challenging decisions concerning confidentiality if a patient is deemed a potential risk to self or others, because releasing pertinent information pertaining to the patient may be necessary to circumvent harm. However, decisions to withhold or disclose confidential information that are inappropriately made may lead to adverse outcomes for stakeholders, including nurses and their patients. Nonetheless, there is a dearth of contemporary research literature to advise nurses in these circumstances. Cognitive Continuum Theory presents a single‐system intuitive‐analytical approach to examining and understanding nurse cognition, analogous to the recommended single‐system approach to decision‐making in mental health known as structured clinical judgement. Both approaches incorporate cognitive poles of wholly intuition and analysis and a dynamic continuum characterised by a ‘common sense’ blending of intuitive and analytical cognition, whereby cues presented to a decision‐maker for judgement tasks are weighed and assessed for relevance. Furthermore, Cognitive Continuum Theory promotes the importance of determining pattern recognition and functional relations strategies, which can be used to understand the operationalisation of nurse cognition.
A 90‐channel triaxial magnetoencephalography system using optically pumped magnetometers
Authors: Rea Molly , Boto Elena , Holmes Niall , Hill Ryan , Osborne James , Rhodes Natalie , Leggett James , Rier Lukas , Bowtell Richard , Shah Vishal , Brookes Matthew J.
Published: September 2022

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) measures the small magnetic fields generated by current flow in neural networks, providing a noninvasive metric of brain function. MEG is well established as a powerful neuroscientific and clinical tool. However, current instrumentation is hampered by cumbersome cryogenic field‐sensing technologies. In contrast, MEG using optically pumped magnetometers (OPM‐MEG) employs small, lightweight, noncryogenic sensors that provide data with higher sensitivity and spatial resolution, a natural scanning environment (including participant movement), and adaptability to any age. However, OPM‐MEG is new and the optimum way to design a system is unknown. Here, we construct a novel, 90‐channel triaxial OPM‐MEG system and use it to map motor function during a naturalistic handwriting task. Results show that high‐precision magnetic field control reduced background fields to ∼200 pT, enabling free participant movement. Our triaxial array offered twice the total measured signal and better interference rejection compared to a conventional (single‐axis) design. We mapped neural oscillatory activity to the sensorimotor network, demonstrating significant differences in motor network activity and connectivity for left‐handed versus right‐handed handwriting. Repeatability across scans showed that we can map electrophysiological activity with an accuracy ∼4 mm. Overall, our study introduces a novel triaxial OPM‐MEG design and confirms its potential for high‐performance functional neuroimaging.
Histological characteristics of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases‐1 in asthmatic murine model during A(H1N1)pdm09 infection
Authors: Kimura Sasagu , Yasudo Hiroki , Oga Atsunori , Fukano Reiji , Matsushige Takeshi , Hamano Hiroki , Hasegawa Hideki , Nakajima Noriko , Ainai Akira , Itoh Hiroshi , Shirabe Komei , Toda Shoichi , Atsuta Ryo , Hasegawa Shunji
Published: September 2022

Pandemic influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09 infection occurred in healthy children and young adults, but asthmatic patients presented more rapid progression of respiratory distress and plastic bronchitis. To investigate the pathogenesis of worsening respiratory symptoms after A(H1N1)pdm09 infection, we focused on matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases‐1 (TIMP‐1). MMP‐9 and TIMP‐1 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum from mice with and without asthma were evaluated after A(H1N1)pdm09 or seasonal A(H1N1) infection. MMP‐9 levels were more elevated in Asthma/A(H1N1)pdm09‐infected mice than in non‐Asthma/A(H1N1)pdm09‐infected mice on both 3 and 7 days post‐infection. Immunohistochemical findings in this pneumonia model showed that MMP‐9 and TIMP‐1 positive cells were observed in blood vessels and bronchus of lung tissue in severe pathological findings of pneumonia with asthma. Microscopically, shedding cells and secretions were conspicuous in the trachea on days 3 and 7 post‐infection, in the A(H1N1)pdm09‐infected mice with asthma. Our results suggest that MMP‐9 and TIMP‐1 expressions are related to severe pneumonia in the A(H1N1)pdm09 infection with asthma, leading to cause epithelial cell shedding.
A digital ecosystem as an institutional field: curated peer production as a response to institutional voids revealed by COVID‐19
Authors: Sarkar Soumodip , Waldman‐Brown Anna , Clegg Stewart
Published: September 2022

This paper investigates the ecosystem dynamics of the Open‐source [COVID‐19] Medical Supplies network that arose to fill the institutional void revealed by state and private sector failures to stockpile and supply enough personal protective equipment. Theoretically, the paper adds correctives to extant institutional theory accounts of entrepreneurship filling institutional voids, showing that these can be filled rapidly and normatively by digital entrepreneurial ecosystems allied with peer production networks. These were able to transform the boundary conditions of a routinized system, refixing its autopoiesis innovatively. The COVID‐19 epidemic galvanized hundreds of thousands of volunteer “makers” around the world to cooperate to meet urgent demand for medical supplies. A digital entrepreneurial ecosystem arose in response to the problem of critical equipment shortages, connecting global, expert‐curated know‐how with local production equipment. We contribute to the theory of institutional voids by documenting and analyzing how the formation and emergent processes that created and sustained a Digital Peer Production Ecosystem based on self‐organization, expert curation and scalability, successfully catalyzed local initiatives worldwide. Institutional voids are not just barriers to entrepreneurship; they are also opportunities.
On the economic impacts of COVID‐19: A text mining literature analysis
Authors: Gonçalves Hugo S. , Moro Sérgio
Published: September 2022

The COVID‐19 outbreak has affected everyday lives worldwide. As governments started to implement confinement and business closure measures, the economic impact was felt by entire societies immediately. The urgency of such a theme has led researchers to study the phenomenon. Accordingly, the purpose of this research is to provide the state of the art on relevant dimensions and hot topics of research to understand the economic impacts of COVID‐19. In this survey, we conduct a text mining analysis of 301 articles published during 2020 which analyzed such economic impacts. By defining a set of relevant dimensions grounded on existing literature, we were able to extract a set of coherent topics that aggregate the collected articles, characterized by the predominance of a few sets of dimensions. We found that the impact on “financial markets” was widely studied, especially in relation to Asia. Next, we found a more diverse range of themes analyzed in Europe, from “government measures” to “macroeconomic variables.” We also discovered that America has not received the same degree of attention, and “institutions,” “Africa,” or “other pandemics” were studied less. We anticipate that future research will proliferate focusing on several themes, from environmental issues to the effectiveness of government measures.
Computational and Experimental Study of Film-Cooling Effectiveness With and Without Downstream Vortex Generators
Authors: Lee Chien-Shing , Shih Tom I-P. , Straub Douglas , Weber Justin M. , Robey Edward H.
Published: September 2022

Downstream vortex generators that involve a pair of rectangular plates arranged in an open V-shape placed just downstream of each film-cooling hole were shown to create flow and vortical structures that entrain lifted film-cooling flow back to the surface and increase its lateral spreading on the surface (GT2020–14317). In this study, computations and measurements were performed to examine the flow mechanisms this vortex generator induces to improve film-cooling effectiveness of a flat plate with the cooling flow emanating from one row of inclined holes. Parameters studied include blowing ratio (BR = 0.75 and 1.0) and temperature ratio (TR = 1.07 and 1.9). The computational study is based on steady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) closed by the shear-stress transport (SST) turbulence model with and without conjugate analysis. The experimental study was conducted by using a conjugate heat transfer test rig with a plenum, where cooling flow is introduced. Measurements made include velocity and temperature profiles upstream and downstream of the film-cooling holes as well as the temperature at several locations on the hot and cold sides of the film-cooled flat plate. The computational study was validated by comparing computed results with those from measurements at BR = 0.75 and 1.0 and TR = 1.9. Computational and experimental results are presented to show the effects of BR and TR on the flow structures and how those structures improve the effectiveness of film cooling with and without the downstream vortex generators and with and without conjugate heat transfer.
Critical Power, Work Capacity, and Recovery Characteristics of Team-Pursuit Cyclists
Authors: Pugh Charles F. , Beaven C. Martyn , Ferguson Richard A. , Driller Matthew W. , Palmer Craig D. , Paton Carl D.
Published: September 2022

Purpose: Leading a 4-km team pursuit (TP) requires high-intensity efforts above critical power (CP) that deplete riders’ finite work capacity (W′), whereas riders following in the aerodynamic draft may experience some recovery due to reduced power demands. This study aimed to determine how rider ability and CP and W′ measures impact TP performance and the extent to which W′ can reconstitute during recovery positions in a TP race. Methods: Three TP teams, each consisting of 4 males, completed individual performance tests to determine their CP and W′. Teams were classified based on their performance level as international (INT), national (NAT), or regional (REG). Each team performed a TP on an indoor velodrome (INT: 3:49.9; NAT: 3:56.7; and REG: 4:05.4; min:s). Ergometer-based TP simulations with an open-ended interval to exhaustion were performed to measure individual ability to reconstitute W′ at 25 to 100 W below CP. Results: The INT team possessed higher CP (407 [4] W) than both NAT (381 [13] W) and REG (376 [15] W) (P < .05), whereas W′ was similar between teams (INT: 27.2 [2.8] kJ; NAT: 29.3 [2.4] kJ; and REG: 28.8 [1.6] kJ; P > .05). The INT team expended 104% (5%) of their initial W′ during the TP and possessed faster rates of recovery than NAT and REG at 25 and 50 W below CP (P < .05). Conclusions: The CP and rate of W′ reconstitution have a greater impact on TP performance than W′ magnitude and can differentiate TP performance level.
Whole-Genome Sequencing Reveals Diversity of Carbapenem-Resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Collected through CDC’s Emerging Infections Program, United States, 2016–2018
Authors: Stanton Richard A. , Campbell Davina , McAllister Gillian A. , Breaker Erin , Adamczyk Michelle , Daniels Jonathan B. , Lutgring Joseph D. , Karlsson Maria , Schutz Kyle , Jacob Jesse T. , Wilson Lucy E. , Vaeth Elisabeth , Li Linda , Lynfield Ruth , Snippes Vagnone Paula M. , Phipps Erin C. , Hancock Emily B. , Dumyati Ghinwa , Tsay Rebecca , Cassidy P. Maureen , Mounsey Jacquelyn , Grass Julian E. , Bulens Sandra N. , Walters Maroya Spalding , Halpin Alison Laufer
Published: September 2022

The CDC’s Emerging Infections Program (EIP) conducted population- and laboratory-based surveillance of US carbapenem-resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(CRPA) from 2016 through 2018. To characterize the pathotype, 1,019 isolates collected through this project underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing.
Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria in Burn Patients
Authors: Ruegsegger Laura , Xiao Jamie , Naziripour Arash , Kanumuambidi Trey , Brown Dylan , Williams Felicia , Marshall Steven H. , Rudin Susan D. , Yen Kelly , Chu Tingyu , Chen Liang , Sozzi Emanuele , Bartelt Luther , Kreiswirth Barry , Bonomo Robert A. , van Duin David
Published: September 2022

Patients with burn injuries are at high risk for infectious complications, and infections are the most common cause of death after the first 72 h of hospitalization. Hospital-acquired infections caused by multidrug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) in this population are concerning.
Gross hematuria secondary to use of carboplatin in neoadjuvant treatment of breast cancer with HER2 overexpression
Authors: Pastorello Julia , da Silva Nicolas Almeida Leal , Schuch Natalia Bassani , Lando Emanuela
Published: September 2022

Breast cancer is a high prevalent neoplasia in women worldwide, and platinum compounds are widely used to treat it. On rare occasions, macroscopic hematuria associated with carboplatin has been identified. Thus, the present study aims to report a rare case of a female patient diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma, which presented hematuria secondary to carboplatin, showing improvement of the condition after 4 days of expectant treatment with clot lavage. Due to the scant description of hematuria secondary to carboplatin in the scientific literature, it is essential to report such case in order to assist and enrich the understanding of this event.
Systematic review of suicide prevention studies with data on youth and young adults living in low-income and middle-income countries
Authors: Doty Benjamin , Bass Judith , Ryan Taylor , Zhang Allen , Wilcox Holly
Published: September 2022

Objectives

This review aimed to provide a summary of peer-reviewed, published literature on suicide preventive interventions with data on youth and young adults in low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC).

Design

A systematic review was conducted using electronic databases of PubMed/MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, Education Resources Information Center and The Campbell Collaboration databases for English-language articles published between 1 January 1990 and 15 February 2022.

Eligibility criteria

Interventions of interest could include behavioural, community, clinical/medical or policy studies, or any combination of these, so long as the studies had at least one outcome of interest and at least one control group or control period. Outcomes included suicide ideation, suicide attempt and suicide. Interventions must have been conducted in an LMIC. Studies with individuals ages 0–25 in the sample were included. Articles describing data on individuals over age 25 could be included if individuals ages 0–25 were part of the sample.

Results

A total of 44 eligible studies were identified, representing a broad range of universal, selective and indicated interventions. Most studies assessed interventions designed to address lethal means or mental health. Most studies were conducted in lower-middle-income or upper-middle-income countries, with the largest proportion in Asia. Assessment of outcomes across studies was heterogeneous and there were few large-scale investigations tailored specifically for youth.

Conclusions

Most of the published, peer-reviewed suicide intervention research from LMIC is concentrated in a few countries. While geographical coverage to date has been limited, strategies and samples in included studies were diverse, representing populations in clinical, educational and community settings. While current findings hold promise, this review identified a need for large-scale studies designed specifically for youth.
Comparative efficacy of eight therapeutic methods in the treatment of left main coronary artery disease: a Bayesian network meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Hou Biao , Chen Manlin , Li Qin , Huang Weimin , Wang Liang
Published: September 2022

Introduction

As for coronary artery bypass grafting, although there are many direct comparative studies on different minimally invasive methods and traditional thoracotomy (off-pump/on-pump), there is still a lack of further ranking and summary of the efficacy of all surgical methods for left main coronary artery (LMCA) lesions. Combined with the current controversial views, this study aims to introduce a planned network meta-analysis (NMA) in detail, with a view to comparing the long-term efficacy and safety of multiple therapeutic methods in the treatment of patients with LMCA disease, and finally providing some reference bases for the best selection of clinical schemes.

Method and analysis

PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library databases will be collected from inception to June 2022 to compare the efficacy of different surgical methods in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) for LMCA disease. Main outcome endpoints: major adverse cardiovascular events, including mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke and revascularisation. Secondary outcome endpoints: (1) operation-related time, (2) the amount of blood transfusion, (3) complications including secondary thoracotomy, postoperative new atrial fibrillation, wound infection, (4) physiological score and psychological score, (5) time return to work and (6) total hospitalisation costs. The methodological quality of included RCTs will be assessed according to the Cochrane bias risk table. The Bayesian NMA will be conducted by STATA V.16.0.

Ethics and dissemination

The essence of this study is to summarise and analyse the original data without the approval of the ethics committee. Our research does not involve ethical issues, and the results will be published in peer-review journals.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021274712.
Prognostic value of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bai Yuping , He Tingting , Zhang Liyan , Liu Qianqian , Yang Jing , Zhao Ziru , Yang Kehu , Zhang Min
Published: September 2022

Objectives

We aimed to comprehensively evaluate the relationship between forkhead box P3 (FOXP3+) regulatory T cell (Treg) expression and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) prognosis and to explore the sources of heterogeneity of the results.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources

We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases up to 5 December 2021.

Eligibility criteria

We included studies that analysed the prognostic significance of FOXP3+ Tregs in DLBCL. We included studies reported in Chinese or English that reported HRs and related 95% CIs for prognosis.

Data extraction and synthesis

We extracted data from eligible studies. HRs and 95% CIs were used to assess the prognostic value.

Results

Fourteen eligible studies were identified. FOXP3+ Treg expression was not associated with overall survival (OS) (HR=0.72, 95% CI 0.45 to 1.16) or progression-free survival (HR=0.86, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.38). The three approaches used to measure FOXP3+ Treg expression (pinteraction<0.001) may be the source of the heterogeneity of the results. Subgroup analysis found that a higher expression of FOXP3+ Tregs was associated with better OS in all populations and in Asians when FOXP3+ Treg expression was measured by the number of positive cells (HR=0.36 (95% CI 0.22 to 0.58) in the former, HR=0.33 (95% CI 0.20 to 0.55) in the latter) or the percentage of positive cells (HR=0.49 (95% CI 0.27 to 0.89) in the former, HR=0.38 (95% CI 0.21 to 0.70) in the latter). However, when measured by the score, inverse results were found (HR=1.56, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.42).

Conclusions

Approaches to measuring FOXP3+ Treg expression might be the major source of heterogeneity in studies of the prognostic significance of FOXP3+ Tregs in DLBCL. FOXP3+ Treg expression might be used to predict the prognosis of patients with DLBCL when FOXP3+ Treg expression is calculated by the number or the percentage of positive cells, especially in Asian populations.
Geographical disparities and determinants of adherence to iron folate supplementation among pregnant women in Ethiopia: spatial and multilevel analysis of the Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey of 2019
Authors: Mulugeta Solomon Sisay
Published: September 2022

Objective

This study aimed to investigate geographic disparities and determinants of adherence to iron and folate supplementation among pregnant women in Ethiopia.

Method

A secondary data analysis was performed using data from the Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey 2019. A total of 2235 pregnant women aged 15–49 years were included in the analysis. ArcGIS V.10.8 and SaTScan V.9.6 were used for spatial analysis. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was used to determinants.

Result

Of the total number of participants, 80.3% of pregnant mothers took iron and folate supplements for less than the recommended days. Adherence to iron folate supplementation among pregnant women in Ethiopia was spatially clustered with Moran’s global I=0.15868. The SaTScan analysis identified the most likely significant clusters found in the eastern Tigray, northeast Amhara and northwest Afar regions. Multivariable multilevel analysis showed that mothers who were living apart from their partner (adjusted OR (AOR)=10.05, 95% CI 1.84 to 55.04), had antenatal care (ANC) visits at least four times (AOR=0.53, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.69), a higher education level (AOR=0.39, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.63), big distance from health facilities (AOR=1.7, 95% CI 1.51 to 1.97) were significant factors of adherence to iron-folate supplementation. Mothers living in the Amhara and Addis Ababa regions were 0.35 (AOR=0.35, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.621), and 0.29 (AOR=0.29, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.7) times lower iron-folate supplementation intake than mother’s in Tigray region.

Conclusion

In this study, 8 out of 10 pregnant women did not take iron and folate supplements during the recommended period. As a result, health education activities were necessary to raise awareness among women and the community about the importance of iron folate supplementation during pregnancy, and public health programmes should increase iron folate supplementation through women’s education, ANC visits and mothers living in low-iron areas.
Validity of a catheter exit site clinical assessment scale for the early detection of exit site infections in patients on haemodialysis with a central venous catheter: protocol for a multicentre validation study in Spain (EXITA Study)
Authors: Cobo-Sánchez José Luis , Blanco-Mavillard Ian , Pelayo-Alonso Raquel , Mancebo-Salas Noelia , Fernandez-Fernandez Ismael , De Pedro-Gomez Joan Ernest
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Haemodialysis patients with central venous catheter (HD-CVC) are at increased risk of exit site infections (ESIs) and catheter-related bloodstream infections, causing an increase of hospitalisation, morbidity and mortality rates. The main aim of the EXITA Study is to develop and validate an instrument for the early detection of HD-CVC ESIs.

Methods and analysis

EXITA is a multicentre prospective cohort study to validate the proposed instrument with a sample of 457 HD-CVCs: 92 in the ESI group and 365 in the non-ESI group. Sample size was calculated using Epidat V.4.2 software, with 95% and 90% expected sensitivity and specificity, respectively, an ESI incidence around 20% and 5%–10% precision range. During each haemodialysis session, the absence or presence of each item will be assessed by nurses. If any item is present, a microbiological study of pericatheter skin smears and/or exit site exudate will be carried out. HD-CVC ESI will be diagnosed when the pericatheter skin smears and/or exit site exudate culture are positive (≥15 CFU/mL by semiquantitative Maki’s technique or ≥1000 CFU/mL by Cleri’s technique). To validate the scale, a logistic regression analysis will be performed: the β coefficients of each of the signs/symptoms of the scale to be validated will be estimated. We will use logit function and calculate ESI probability=elogit ESI/1+elogit ESI.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee with Medical Products of Cantabria (approval code 2019.146). We will obtain informed consent from all participants before data collection. We will publish the study results in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.
3D printing in palliative medicine: systematic review
Authors: Kermavnar Tjaša , Guttridge Callum , Mulcahy Niall J , Duffy Ed , Twomey Feargal , O'Sullivan Leonard
Published: September 2022

Background

Three-dimensional printing (3DP) enables the production of highly customised, cost-efficient devices in a relatively short time, which can be particularly valuable to clinicians treating patients with palliative care intent who are in need of timely and effective solutions in the management of their patients’ specific needs, including the relief of distressing symptoms.

Method

Four online databases were searched for articles published by December 2020 that described studies using 3DP in palliative care. The fields of application, and the relevant clinical and technological data were extracted and analysed.

Results

Thirty studies were reviewed, describing 36 medical devices, including anatomical models, endoluminal stents, navigation guides, obturators, epitheses, endoprostheses and others. Two-thirds of the studies were published after the year 2017. The main reason for using 3DP was the difficulty of producing customised devices with traditional methods. Eleven papers described proof-of-concept studies that did not involve human testing. For those devices that were tested on patients, favourable clinical outcomes were reported in general, and treatment with the use of 3DP was deemed superior to conventional clinical approaches. The most commonly employed 3DP technologies were fused filament fabrication with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and stereolithography or material jetting with various types of photopolymer resin.

Conclusion

Recently, there has been a considerable increase in the application of 3DP to produce medical devices and bespoke solutions in the delivery of treatments with palliative care intent. 3DP was found successful in overcoming difficulties with conventional approaches and in treating medical conditions requiring highly customised solutions.
Structural stabilities, mechanical and thermodynamic properties of chalcogenide perovskite ABS3 (A = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs; B = Si, Ge, Sn) from first-principles study
Authors: Mahmoud Eman Khalafalla , Farghali Ahmed A. , El-dek S. I. , Taha Mohamed
Published: September 2022

In this study, first-principles calculations have been used to study the mechanical and thermodynamic properties of chalcogenide perovskite ABS3 (A = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs; B = Si, Ge, Sn) in the triclinic phase. The structural stabilities of perovskite were investigated through Goldschmidt’s tolerance factor (t) and phonon dispersion. It was indicated that all of the investigated materials construct stable perovskite structures. The mechanical properties of chalcogenide perovskites ABS3 were systematically investigated by density functional theory (DFT). The DFT method was considered within the meta-generalized gradient approximation revTPSS. The elastic properties of materials give the data necessary in understanding the bonding property between adjacent atomic planes, stiffness, bonding anisotropic, and structural stability of the material. The independent elastic constants Cij have been used for the prediction of mechanical properties like bulk modulus (B), Shear modulus (G), Young’s modulus (E) Poisson’s ratio (ν), and the universal anisotropic index (AU). The mechanical stability, brittleness, and ductility behaviors of materials were discussed. The covalent, ionic, and metallic nature of the materials were also discussed. The thermodynamic parameters including heat capacity, entropy, enthalpy, and free energy were also computed and discussed with a wide range of temperatures (0–1000 K).
Modeling strategies to protect investors from financial fraud collapses on social networks
Authors: Jin Jinbiao , Liu Hong , Han Yunyan , Zhu Anding
Published: September 2022

Financial fraud is more likely to spread and produce serious and adverse results through social networks. This study investigates four protection strategies: the uniform protection strategy, the random protection strategy, the targeted protection strategy, and the acquaintance protection strategy based on the potential-investor-divestor (PID) model. The simulation results show that the targeted protection strategy is the best solution for both ER and BA networks. The random protection strategy is the least efficient solution, as it requires spreading a large number of anti-fraud messages to achieve a relatively good performance. The acquaintance protection strategy performs closely to the targeted protection strategy in terms of social dynamics. However, the uniform protection strategy is better than the acquaintance protection strategy, as it involves fewer victims when it collapses. This study suggests that the regulators should protect investors from financial fraud collapses by promoting the financial literacy education and regulating the behaviors of influential people.
Diverse Approaches to Gene Therapy of Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: White Shanna L. , Hart Kevyn , Kohn Donald B.
Published: September 2022

Sickle cell disease (SCD) results from a single base pair change in the sixth codon of the β-globin chain of hemoglobin, which promotes aggregation of deoxyhemoglobin, increasing rigidity of red blood cells and causing vaso-occlusive and hemolytic complications. Allogeneic transplant of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can eliminate SCD manifestations but is limited by absence of well-matched donors and immune complications. Gene therapy with transplantation of autologous HSCs that are gene-modified may provide similar benefits without the immune complications. Much progress has been made, and patients are realizing significant clinical improvements in multiple trials using different approaches with lentiviral vector–mediated gene addition to inhibit hemoglobin aggregation. Gene editing approaches are under development to provide additional therapeutic opportunities. Gene therapy for SCD has advanced from an attractive concept to clinical reality.
Photoelectrochemical Methods for Flat Band Potential Estimation: Case Studies of ZnO Nanorods and TiO2 Compact Films
Authors: Bermúdez Santiago , Castañeda Lina , Salazar Luis , Sánchez-Saénz Carlos , Carmona Dora
Published: September 2022

Semiconductor materials play a major role in the use of solar energy. ZnO and TiO2-based nanomaterials have been broadly used in photocatalytic applications, such as water splitting and environmental remediation. In order to determine the thermodynamic feasibility in a specific application, it’s important to determine the electronic band structure of these materials. This determination of the energetics in the semiconductor can be conducted from different approaches, usually by first determining the bandgap and conduction band edge. The bandgap determination is made through well-defined and standardized processes, unlike the conduction band, where the discrepancy is found between the values reported by different authors under the same conditions. In this article a comparison is made between the Mott-Schottky, photocurrent onset potential, and open-circuit potential (OCP) methods, as techniques of determining the flat band potential, taking as case studies the two semiconductor materials mentioned above. This comparison is followed by a discussion of the difficulties that may arise during experimentation and the possible difference between the values reported by each method.
One-Step Electropolymerization of Polythiophene Derivative Film for Photoelectrochemical Detection of Chlorpyrifos
Authors: Xu Xiaoyun , Zhou Hong , Zhang Jihui , Li Yanping , Yang Yunjun , Fang Yishan , Wu Zhengzong , Cui Bo , Hu Qiong
Published: September 2022

The inappropriate and excessive use of chlorpyrifos has caused major damage to food safety and human health. Developing a simple, yet sensitive detection method for chlorpyrifos residues is urgently needed but still a challenge. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor with high photoelectric conversion efficiency is of great significance for the detection of chlorpyrifos residues in food. In this work, a novel PEC sensor based on polythiophene derivative film (PS2TTz) for the detection of chlorpyrifos is constructed via simple one-step electropolymerization within only 3.5 min Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and other characterizations verified the effective decoration of PS2TTz film on the GCE, and the possible reaction mechanism between PS2TTz and chlorpyrifos was discussed. The PEC signal could be greatly decreased by PS2TTz film with chlorpyrifos due to the blocked transfer of electrons, leading to high sensitivity and good selectivity. On the basis of the proposed photoelectrochemical mechanism, the PEC sensor exhibited significant detection performance toward chlorpyrifos in the range of 1 to 218.92 μg l−1 with a LOD of 0.36 μg l−1 (S/N = 3). Impressively, the constructed PEC sensor was successfully applied in green vegetables, which expanded the scope for the detection of chlorpyrifos in practical application.
Suppression of Impedimetric Baseline Drift for Stable Biosensing
Authors: Gezahagne Hilena F. , Brightbill Eleanor L. , Jin Decarle S. , Krishnathas Siamalan , Brown Billyde , Mooney Mark H. , O’Riordan Alan , Creedon Niamh , Robinson Caoimhe , Vogel Eric M.
Published: September 2022

Biosensors based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) detect the binding of an analyte to a receptor functionalized electrode by measuring the subsequent change in the extracted charge-transfer resistance (RCT). In this work, the stability of a long chain alkanethiol, 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid was compared to that of a polymer-based surface linker, ortho-aminobenzoic acid (o-ABA). These two classes of surface linkers were selected due to the marked differences in their structural properties. The drift in RCT observed for the native SAM functionalized gold electrodes was observed to correlate to the drift in the subsequent receptor functionalized SAM. This indicates the importance of the gold-molecule interface for reliable biosensing. Additionally, the magnitude of the baseline drift correlated to the percentage of thiol molecules improperly bound to the gold electrode as evaluated using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Alternatively, the o-ABA functionalized gold electrodes demonstrated negligible drift in the RCT. Furthermore, these polymer functionalized gold electrodes do not require a stabilization period in the buffer solution prior to receptor functionalization. This work emphasizes the importance of understanding and leveraging the structural properties of various classes of surface linkers to ensure the stability of impedimetric measurements.
Quality Evaluation Model of Education in Remote Learning and IoT Based on College Students’ Quality Cultivation
Authors: Huang Yawen , Wang Jing
Published: September 2022

The current model for evaluating ideological and political education is mostly based on a weighted evaluation of related educational parameters, like the structure of the school and the structure of the teachers. In this cycle, the impact of college students’ general development on the construction of their ideological and political education is not considered, which makes evaluations less exact by and large. To work on the exactness of the evaluation model, you ought to upgrade the construction of the evaluation model, with the quality of education for college students as the center advancement. Education quality evaluation calculation and model parameter output calculation are integrated. In terms of the quality of training for college students, simulation tests reveal that the proposed model has the lowest blunder esteem and the highest general evaluation precision. This makes it easier to decide what kind of ideological and political education is best.
Research on Physical Health Monitoring and Management of University Students Based on Hadoop Swot
Authors: Zhu Ke , Ma Biao , Liu Yu-fei , Kim Dong-Moon
Published: September 2022

With the rapid development of science and technology, information technology has gradually matured. The integration of a lot of complicated information has gradually spawned the technology of big data. Under the adjustment of relevant technicians, big data has also been applied in many fields. The government attaches great importance to the physical health of college students, and monitoring the development of college students’ physical health must be consistent with the concept of coconstruction, cogovernance, and sharing. In this article, advanced technologies such as cloud, Internet, mobile computer, and data fusion are applied to the products in the medical field. Under the basic principle of “patient-centered,” a digital and visual model is established. Through information technology, patients can realize limited medical treatment. The sharing of resources promotes the optimization of medical service processes. The method used in this article is big data analysis. Big data is widely used after high-performance analysis to achieve the purpose of reducing cost, shortening time, increasing artificial intelligence decision-making, and analysis trend accuracy. It can be concluded from the research in this article that the improved DCFA algorithm is used to optimize the SVM and the original FA algorithm to optimize the SVM algorithm for example verification, and the algorithm in this article is optimized by 35% compared with the traditional algorithm.
[Retracted] An Novel Optimization Model for Ideological and Political Course in Colleges under the Environment of BD Mining Technology
Authors: Yang Xinglin
Published: September 2022

The big data (BD) era and pertinent computer science, pedagogy, and educational psychology knowledge are the foundations of this essay, based on the idea of the holistic development of human beings, the IPE (Ideological and Political Education) carrier theory, the new idea of educational development, and the strategy of strengthening the nation through education; the challenges IPECU (Ideological and political education in Colleges and Universities) faces and its path toward optimization are discussed relatively in detail in this paper, which conforms to the context of mega data thinking. The influence of IPECU’s subject, object, and educational effect is discussed in this paper, along with tips for how to improve and innovate IPECU in the context of big data. In addition, it is noted that in the age of mega data, we must not only bravely take on challenges, but also actively seize opportunities if we are to realize the innovative and optimized development of IPECU. Moreover, the definitions of mega data and big data prediction function are provided in this paper. IPE can be used with the big data prediction function, which is further explored in this article. In order to realize the innovation of IPE mode in universities, this paper aims to encourage the integration and development of IPE and big data in academic settings.