bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hochschulen in Tennessee müssen Urheberrechtsverletzungen bekämpfen
Authors: Gehring Robert A.
Published: December 2023

Im US-Bundesstaat Tennessee verpflichtet ein neues Gesetz alle höheren Bildungseinrichtungen zur aktiven Bekämpfung von Urheberrechtsverletzungen in ihren Netzwerken. Die Maßnahmen werden mehr als 10 Millionen Dollar kosten.
Arbeit 2.0 – Tagung: Eröffnung und kontroverse Statements zum Urheberrecht (Fr 26.9. 11:30)
Authors: Otto Philipp
Published: December 2023

Unsere Tagung Kreative Arbeit und Urheberrecht hat heute vormittag begonnen.
Vorlesen verboten?
Authors: Gehring Robert A.
Published: December 2023

Der Internethändler Amazon will mit seinem E-Book-Lesegerät Kindle für elektronische Bücher werden, was Apple mit seinem iTunes-/iPod-/iPhone-Ökosystem für Online-Musik ist: der Platzhirsch. Nachdem die erste Kindle-Generation (nicht in Deutschland erhältlich) vom Design her recht klobig ausgefallen war, legte Amazon jüngst mit einer zweiten Gerätegeneration nach.
Google, Yahoo & Co. wollen Reichweite von ACTA einschränken
Authors: Gehring Robert A.
Published: December 2023

Anlässlich einer öffentlichen Anhörung zum geplanten Anti-Piraterie-Abkommen ACTA haben US-Unternehmen aus der IT- und Internet-Branche, Bibliotheksverbände und Bürgerrechtsorganisationen vor zu wagen Formulierungen und zu weit reichender Regulierung des Internets gewarnt. In den vergangenen Wochen ist der Druck auf die US-Regierung gewachsen, mehr Einzelheiten zum geplanten Anti-Piraterie-Abkommen ACTA offen zu legen.
70.000 Euro Studiengebühren fürs Bücher-Scannen
Authors: Gehring Robert A.
Published: December 2023

Beim Deutschlandfunk gibt es einen Beitrag dazu, wie der neue Paragraph 52b des Urheberrechtsgesetzes — Wiedergabe von Werken an elektronischen Leseplätzen in öffentlichen Bibliotheken, Museen und Archiven — in der Praxis umgesetzt wird. In der Universität Würzburg sieht das so aus, daß 70.000 Euro Studiengebühren in das Scannen von Fachbüchern investiert wird.
OLG Hamburg: Rapidshare zu Recht als Mitstörer verurteilt
Authors: Gehring Robert A.
Published: December 2023

Nach einem Urteil des OLG Hamburg reicht der Einsatz von MD5-Filtern bei Rapidshare nicht zur Vorbeugung gegen Urheberrechtsverletzungen aus. Deshalb haftet der Filehoster ab Kenntnisnahme der Verletzung als Mitstörer. Ob der Filehoster Rapidshare für Urheberrechtsverletzungen die durch seine Nutzer begangen werden, bleibt unter deutschen Richtern umstritten.
Kulturrat will längere Schutzfrist auch für Filme auf DVD usw. usf.
Authors: Gehring Robert A.
Published: December 2023

Wenn die EU-Kommission Geschenke verteilt, möchte jeder etwas davon abbekommen. Bekanntlich hat die Kommission auf Empfehlung von Binnenmarktkommissar Charlie McCreevy den Plan entwickelt, die urheberrechtliche Schutzfrist für auf Tonträgern aufgezeichnete Musik von 50 auf 95 Jahre nach Erscheinen zu verlängern und somit praktisch zu verdoppeln.
Eine Stärkung zum Schaden der Autoren?
Authors: Spielkamp Matthias
Published: December 2023

Das „Gesetz zur Stärkung der vertraglichen Stellung von Urhebern und ausübenden Künstlern“ von 2002 sollte die Urheber schützen, ihnen mehr Geld und eine bessere Verhandlungsposition verschaffen, etwa gegenüber Verlagen. Sechs Jahre später sind Teile davon so verändert, dass die Autoren schlechter dastehen als zuvor.
Es wird spannnend / dringend: Neues zur Schutzdauerverlängerung für Musikaufnahmen
Authors: Spielkamp Matthias
Published: December 2023

Martin Kretschmer, den ich kürzlich zu den Plänen der EU-Kommission interviewt habe, die Schutzdauer für Musikaufnahmen auf 95 Jahre zu verlängern (von derzeit 50), hat nun eine Stellungnahme (PDF, 248 KB) dazu verfasst. Sie antwortet im Detail auf die Behauptungen der Kommission und der Lobbyisten der Musikindustrie.
SISTEM INFORMASI PENGADUAN KERUSAKAN FASILITAS PADA KANTOR SKRETARIAT DAERAH KOTA (SETDAKO) LHOKSEUMAWE
Authors: Anggara Aji , Suwanda Rizki
Published: December 2023

Masalah yang dihadapi dalam proses pengaduan kerusakan fasilitas  di Kantor Sekretariat Daerah Kota (SETDAKO) Lhokseumawe adalah proses yang masih bersifat manual dalam pengaduan dan pendataannya, dimana pengguna (Pegawai dan Pihak Administrasi) harus mensurvey langsung dan mendata kerusakan yang masih manual sehingga mengakibatkan banyaknya pemborosan material dan resiko kehilangan data, sehingga tidak berjalan secara efektif dan efesien. Tujuan dari pemgembangan system yang akan dikembangkan adalah untuk mempermudah pengguna (Pegawai dan Pihak Administrasi) dalam proses perbaikan fasilitas dan mendata fasilitas yang rusak dan mencetak laporan fasilitas yang rusak perbulan jika dibutuhkan. Website ini di kembangkan menggunakan Bahasa pemograman PHP dan HTML, Framework, dan MySQL sebagai penyimpanan data. Solusi yang diterapkan dalam pengembangan aplikasi ini adalah dengan menggunakan metode perancangan Sistem UML (Unified Modeling Language). Pada proses ini, digunakan use case diagram untuk menjelaskan aktivitas yang dilakukan oleh pengguna, dan activity diagram untuk menjelaskan alur proses pengaduan kerusakan fasilitas dan pendataan fasilitas yang rusak. Hasil dari  pengembangan sistem ini yang dikembangkan adalah sebuah aplikasi yang disebut Aplikasi Pengaduan Kerusakan Fasilitas Berbasis Website di Kantor Sekretariat Daerah Kota (SETDAKO) Lhokseumawe. . Pada aplikasi ini pengguna dapat mengisi data fasilitas yang rusak dan dilaporkan langsung melalui web dan petugas / pegawai dapat mencetak pendaatan perbulan pada keruskan fasilitas kantor data secara terkomputerisasi sehingga menjadi lebih efektif dan efisien.
Protocolo Organizador da Educação Musical Especial (PROEME): uma proposta para o planejamento docente
Authors: Oliveira Gleisson do Carmo , Fonseca Maria Betânia Parizzi
Published: December 2023

Este trabalho apresenta o recorte de uma pesquisa de doutorado cujo objetivo consistiu em investigar as relações existentes entre a Educação Musical Especial e o desenvolvimento da comunicação social em crianças autistas. Dentre os produtos oriundos da referida pesquisa, houve o desenvolvimento de um Protocolo Organizador da Educação Musical Especial (PROEME), constituído de cinco etapas, passível de ser utilizado por educadores musicais que atuam na Educação Musical Especial e/ou Inclusiva. As etapas do protocolo – (1) avaliação do aluno; (2) verificação de pré-requisitos; (3) implantação de rotinas e regras; (4) aproveitamento das potencialidades e dificuldades e (5) promoção de adaptações – foram testadas durante aulas ministradas para crianças autistas, como parte do estudo doutoral em questão. Tais etapas mostraram-se eficientes à organização do planejamento docente, bem como auxiliaram no alcance dos objetivos pedagógicos traçados, com possível aplicabilidade nas demais deficiências, para além do autismo. Munidos de técnicas e métodos, tais como os aqui propostos pelo PROEME, acreditamos que o trabalho do docente frente ao aluno com deficiência pode se tornar mais claro e eficaz, bem como menos ameaçador.
Implementation of Academic Supervision through Islamic Religious Education Supervisors in Improving the Performance of Arabic Language Education Teachers at MTs Anwarul Hidayah
Authors: Pamuji Slamet
Published: December 2023

Academic supervision of PBA (Arabic Language Education) has an important role in PBA learning in accordance with the provisions of the specified standards. Thus, supervision is expected to improve the performance of PBA teachers in carrying out teaching and learning activities. The qualitative descriptive approach is prioritized by finding existing indicators. In finding existing information and indicators, data collection is more on data collection methods in the form of interviews, documentation, with analysis focused on listening, watching, interacting, asking, talking, exploring, taking important notes on matters relating to the academic supervision of PAI supervisors to improve PBA teacher performance. On the other hand, in reality, supervision is only related to administration rather than judging as a teacher. The assessment is only focused on administration, while the assessment of teacher competence in carrying out learning is not too seen and even prioritized. Assessment and supervision that is only concerned with administration does not make teachers enthusiastic in carrying out their duties as teachers. For this reason, a teacher needs guidance and supervision to assess the level of performance
The Influence of Discipline and Work Supervision on Employee Performance in the Class 1b State Court Of Karawang
Authors: Lestari Indri , Rismayadi Budi , Sumarni Neni
Published: December 2023

This study aims to ascertain how well employee performance is influenced by work discipline and work supervision. This research is quantitative, with a sample of 51 employees. Study data was obtained from a questionnaire distributed to employees of the Karawang Class 1B District Court. With the help of the SPSS 25 statistical analysis program, the analysis is Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. From the research findings, it was obtained that F count (33.217) > F table (3.19) with a significance of (0.000) < 0.05. This proves the acceptance of the research findings, thus simultaneously, discipline and work supervision have a positive influence on the performance of Class 1B Karawang District Court employees.
Van, ami sohasem változik? : Az Európai Unió területi politikájának régi és „új” irányai
Authors: Brucker Balázs
Published: December 2023

Az Európai Unió kérdésének regionalista alapú elemzése viszonylag ritka a hazai kutatók körében, akik – a nemzetközi tendenciáknak megfelelően – elsősorban a jogtudományi, politikatudományi, institucionalista és közgazdaságtani megközelítést részesítik előnyben. A regionalisták körében Faragó László elsősorban a hazai tervezéselmélet területén alkotott munkáiról ismert, ugyanakkor az Európai Unióval kapcsolatos területi fókuszú elemzései is meghatározóak. Jelen írás kettős célt követ: egyrészt rámutat Faragó EU-val kapcsolatos tudományos munkásságának jelentőségére, másrészt pedig a politikatudomány módszertanát felhasználva vizsgálja, hogy napjainkban is érvényesek-e Faragó Lászlónak az Európai Unió területi politikája kapcsán 2016-ban megfogalmazott észrevételei.
The Phenomenon of “Crossover” and Cross-Cultural Dialogue in Bulgarian Music in 20th Century
Authors: Kolarova Emilia
Published: December 2023

The phenomenon of “crossover” gained particular importance in numerous domains of public life, particularly in the exciting realm of art, during the twentieth century. When used to represent an “intersection” or “crossing,” it symbolises the internal need for conversation and purposeful intention for infiltration and implantation. It emphatically refuses to be isolated within the boundaries of the regional canon but allows for freedom of choice in the global context, opposes imitation and tracing, and provides a unique image for every creator. The “crossover” discourse showcases the autonomy of individual authors and results in the creation of distinct works that are characterized by their individuality. Bulgaria's musical creativity in the latter half of the 20th century is a remarkably diverse and profound display, characterized by intricate symbolism. It encompasses both elements of national tradition and expressions of global modernity, evident in its stylistic features, genre distinctions, and ethnocultural attributes. The crossover actually forms the European way of thinking of the Bulgarian creator, embodied in a peculiar part of his genetic code. Crossover dialogue gives rise in his artistic consciousness to the ideas of a new type of work, whose two- or multi-domain character turns into a sign of the new cultural identity of their authors. The formation and development of these “crossover” conversations may be seen in so different works such as Milcho Leviev’s jazz cantata “Green House” and Vassil Kazandjiev's symphonic suite “Pictures from Bulgaria.” In this context, the Bulgarian folklore heritage remains lively and distinctively recognisable, but unrepeatable in the perspective of any individual author’s viewing.
Elfie J Czerny and Dominik Godat: Something That Could Change the World
Authors: McKergow Mark
Published: December 2023

Dominik Godat and Elfie Czerny have probably met more Solution Focused (SF) practitioners, authors and researchers than anyone else on the planet. Having discovered SF – and each other – in the 2000s, they set out with their young daughter in a motorhome on an odyssey around North America and Europe to spread the SF word, to meet anyone interested, to help people and learn more about how SF is used in different ways by different people, which led to the 109 episodes of the Simply Focus podcast .
USO DO BIODENTINE™ EM TRATAMENTO DE DENTES PERMANENTES COM PULPITE REVERSÍVEL.
Authors: BAYERL Helena Beatriz , SAMPAIO Leticia Cristina , KINDER Gustavo Ross , FRASQUETTI Karine Santos , WICHNIESKI Caroline , CRUZ Alessandra Timponi Goes
Published: December 2023

Introdução: A dentina desempenha um papel importante na preservação da vitalidade do dente e, muitas vezes, é atingida por lesões cariosas, necessitando de uma intervenção clínica e gerando desafios devido à proximidade com a cavidade pulpar. Em casos diagnosticados como pulpite reversível, a técnica de capeamento pulpar indireto é indicada para manter a vitalidade pulpar. A escolha de um material biocompatível adequado é essencial para um resultado satisfatório. Objetivo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo relatar dois casos clínicos de pacientes com molares permanentes com lesões profundas de cárie, que receberam proteção pulpar indireta com Biodentine® (Septodont, Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, França) em um tratamento conservador de pulpite reversível. Considerações finais: A realização da técnica de capeamento pulpar indireto, empregando o material biocerâmico Biodentine® (Septodont, Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, França) mostrou um efetivo sucesso nos dois casos relatados.
AVALIAÇÃO DA OCORRÊNCIA DE DEPRESSÃO E ANSIEDADE EM ACADÊMICOS DE ODONTOLOGIA DA FACULDADE HERRERO
Authors: PLATNER Francieli Aparecida de Souza , BRONZE Thaisa Pfeiffer , RAMIRES Maria Augusta , BETTEGA PatríciaVida Cassi , IÓRIO Luiz Fernando Duran
Published: December 2023

Introdução: A saúde mental dos acadêmicos da área da saúde vem sendo estudada nos últimos anos, pois os transtornos mentais como a ansiedade e a depressão tem grande influência na qualidade de vida dos estudantes, prejudicando o seu desenvolvimento acadêmico, habilidade de foco, motivação, disciplina na hora do estudo, insônia, entre outros. Objetivo: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a ocorrência de depressão e ansiedade nos estudantes da Faculdade Herrero do curso de Odontologia, localizada na cidade de Curitiba/PR, no período de março à maio de 2023. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal e descritivo, no qual participaram 172 acadêmicos do Curso Odontologia. Foram entregues dois instrumentos de avaliação a serem preenchidos, sendo eles a ESCALA HADS - (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), com 14 questões do tipo múltipla escolha, onde os estudantes responderam de forma objetiva e um questionário com informações sociodemográficas. No questionário pessoal constaram questões relativas às características sociodemográficas, sociais e comportamentais. Resultados: O valor médio dos escores de provável ansiedade e depressão foram, respectivamente 14,38 para ansiedade e 12,61 para depressão. Ser solteiro, gênero feminino, ter alguma crença religiosa, não usar substância química e não estar satisfeito com a instituição de ensino foram considerados fatores comuns entre os acadêmicos com escores mais elevados de ansiedade e depressão. Conclusão: Nesta pesquisa, conclui-se que a variável ansiedade é a de maior ocorrência entre os acadêmicos de odontologia da faculdade Herrero
Semiconductors and microelectronics standards :
Authors: Kahn Jason , Greer Christopher
Published: December 2023

This report of the Semiconductors and Microelectronics Working Group
of the Interagency Committee on Standards Policy (ICSP) provides an overview of
Federal government semiconductors and microelectronics standards activities and
recommends standards focus areas and priorities for ICSP consideration. The
Recommendations to the ICSP for Strategic Standards Priority Areas section of the
report lists the current Standards Development Organizations in which the Federal
government participates that are related to semiconductors and microelectronics,
identifies five focus areas and priorities, and identifies gaps and opportunities
for possible impacts in the future. The landscape review section provides an
overview of each contributing agency’s relevant semiconductors and microelectronics
standards activities, including its mission, semiconductors and microelectronics
goals, participation in standards development organizations, semiconductors and
microelectronics focus areas and priorities, and semiconductors and microelectronics
gaps and opportunities. The National Standards Strategy for Critical and Emerging
Technology Strategy shows how the Semiconductors and Microelectronics Working Group
aligns with the National Standards Strategy for Critical and Emerging
Technology.
Project Cost Management and Performance of National Housing Corporation Projects in Kenya.
Authors: Chepkwony Andrew Kipsang , Muchelule Yusuf Wanjala , Somba Samuel Muli
Published: December 2023

Projects from government give recipients or beneficiaries an exceptional premium, success of a project is not a time activity, success of a project must be conducted within the scope and also sufficient financial support should be in place. This includes ensuring and involving all stakeholders. The purpose of the study was to assess the relationship between project cost management and performance of National Housing Corporation projects in Kenya. The study was guided by general system theory. The study adopted positivism research philosophy and explanatory research design was used. The target population of the study was 425 projects of National Housing Corporation Projects from 2013 to 2020 and this was our unit of observation; a simple random sampling was used to select 206 respondents which was our unit of analysis. Primary data was collected using structured self –administered questionnaire while secondary data was collected from publications, annual reports, books, researches dissertations and the internet. Data collection procedure was done using drop and pick method. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 28 software and descriptive and inferential statistics analysis presented in form of tables. The study was confirmed in National housing corporation projects in all the 47 county governments of Kenya. The findings of the study established that project cost management significantly predicts performance of national housing corporation project in Kenya. Specifically, the findings of the study established that project cost management had a positive correlation on performance of National Housing Corporation Projects in Kenya. The study supports the current theories related to the study. The study recommends National Housing Corporation should enhance adoption of project cost management so that performance of projects to be improved and this will go a long way in ensuring that there is improved performance of National Housing Corporation Projects in Kenya
Decoding the Challenges: A Study of English Writing Errors Among EFL Students
Authors: Isma Adi , Rasmin La Ode , Samsudin
Published: December 2023

This study focused on analyzing the common errors made by students in their English writing skills. The study employed a descriptive research design, involving 100 EFL university students as participants. The primary data collection method was a writing test, and the collected data were analyzed using error analysis techniques. The findings showed that the most common errors made by the students were related to grammar, vocabulary, and spelling. The most common grammatical errors were associated with subject-verb agreement, verb tense, and articles. In terms of vocabulary errors, the study identified prevalent mistakes such as the incorrect use of word forms, inappropriate collocations, and confusion between homophones. Additionally, the analysis of spelling errors revealed that phonetic spelling mistakes were the most common, followed by misspelling of homophones and confusion of vowels. These findings highlight areas where students commonly struggle with their English writing skills and emphasize the crucial need for targeted instructional strategies to effectively address these challenges and improve students' proficiency in English writing.
Transformasi Tata Kelola Pemerintahan Desa Akulturasi Antara Peraturan Adat dan Digitalisasi (Studi Pada Desa Kanekes Kecamatan Luwidamar Kabupaten Lebak)
Authors: Apud Eli Apud Saepudin , Handayani Putri , Amilia Rizki
Published: December 2023

The development of technology that is getting more advanced greatly facilitates human activities, both in the village government administration system, public services that were originally manual now have a computerized system so as to facilitate public service activities. This is not spared by the community in Baduy, which is known to live far from the development of the times. The purpose of this research is to explain how Baduy Community starts to follow the development of modern technology in the digital era, but still follows some existing customary regulations. One of the technological developments that began to be used by the Baduy Community is the payment process with the QRIS payment system. This research method uses a qualitative descriptive method. The results of the study show that with the entry of modernization culture from outside, it does not mean that the Baduy Community completely forgets the existing customary regulations. Therefore, acculturation is needed by trying to enter modernization culture without eliminating the culture that previously existed. The entry of modern culture can actually coexist with the existing culture without shifting the prevailing customs
Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Unemployment Rates in East African Community Founding Members: Who benefits the Most?
Authors: Mkuya Saada M. , Ngaruko Deus D.
Published: December 2023

The study analyses comparative effects of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows on youth unemployment in East African Community (EAC) founding member countries of Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. Based on time series data from 1990 to 2016, the Auto Regressive Distributed  Lag  (ARDL) regression  revealed that,  FDI significantly influences  reduction  in unemployment rate in Kenya by 0.708%. The results in Tanzania and Uganda showed that, FDI inflows increases unemployment rates by 0.337% and 0.852% respectively. The results revealed that, FDI is significantly benefiting Kenya young generation through job creation, as compared to Tanzania and Uganda. Unemployment rate in Kenya has been reduced significantly due to FDI inflow by 0.14 % by each percentage of FDI inflow. The favourable economic and social policies in Kenya, have been well integrated into investment policies and result into positive prospects of employment creations. In Tanzania and Uganda, FDI inflows have not been much effective on youth unemployment. Every percentage of investment growth, causes an increase of 0.34% and 0.85 % of unemployment in Tanzania and Uganda respectively. Based on these results, it is recommended that, both Tanzania and Uganda should revisit their FDI related policies to ensure the FDI programmes are beneficial in reducing unemployment rates.
The Influence of Market Orientation on Export Performance of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Rwanda
Authors: Kase Romain , Tonya Emmanuel , Magali Joseph
Published: December 2023

Grounded  on  the resource-based  theory, this study examined the role of  market orientation (MO) dimensions in the export performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Rwanda. The study adopted an explanatory survey design and a cross-sectional strategy. Data were collected from a final sample of 105 respondents selected from 58 exporting firms purposively chosen due to the absence of a formal sampling frame. The collected data were analyzed using the structural equation modelling (SEM) technique with the analysis of moment structure (AMOS) version 25.0. The findings revealed that market intelligence generation (MIG) and market intelligence responsiveness (MIR) have a positive and significant influence on export performance but the influence of market intelligence diffusion (MID) was weak and insignificant. The mixed findings of this study confirmed that the development of MO is important for a firm to go international and that not all dimensions of MO are equally important factors for export performance, so much so that only MI and MIG contributed significantly to export performance. The proposed model, which was based on RBT, was therefore partially validated. The study recommends that policymakers develop an export education strategy for exporting SMEs to improve their performance.
Assessing Africa Readiness to Host Travelers with Disabilities: A Review of Accessible Accommodation Studies in African Countries
Authors: Kara Nasra
Published: December 2023

Even though Africa has been involved in the movement towards protecting the rights of disabled people, the emerging market is still under-served. Despite having multiple tourist attractions, the continent has not fully implemented its tourism and disability policies to make sure that barrier-free accommodation services are offered to disabled guests. The purpose of this study was to review and analyze studies done on the accommodation sector in African countries and to establish the extent to which the existing accommodation establishments were user-friendly to disabled people. Google Scholar, EBSCOhost, and science direct were used to generate academic journals. Two main themes mainly demand and supply was developed from the content analysis. On the demand side, quality of services and user-friendly services were the main challenges limiting the accommodation sector from offering barrier-free services to disabled guests while on the supply side, accessible room facilities were seen as a critical issue. Hotel service providers needed to make sure that there were accessible facility in bar and restaurant including ramps, elevators, hearing aids, leveled access routes as well as spacious rooms to host disabled guests. Provision of barrier-free services as recommended in the social disability model would be possible if service providers were willing to change their attitude regarding disability. Once the attitude is changed then it would be easy to resolve the structural and communication barriers.
Contribution of Education Policy Reforms Towards Gender Dynamics and the Formalization of Domestic-work Sector: A Case of Mafinga Town Council, Tanzania
Authors: Kiwonde Flora M , Kyando Newton M.
Published: December 2023

Currently, Tanzania is experiencing the policy of free education up to secondary school level. On the other hand, in Tanzania, domestic work is one of the sectors with the highest share of informal employment. However, after the introduction of free education policy up to form four, the availability of domestic workers has became somehow difficult whereas the formalization of the domestic sector has also gained paceThis background has been a bench-mark to this study that analysed the influence of the current educational policy towards the formalization of domestic sector in Mafinga Town. The study was qualitative in nature whereby the interview of 30 domestic workers, 10 employers and 5 individuals from workers’ union was conducted. The study found out that the new education policy has contributed towards the increase of the age to domestic sector from 12 years to 17 years, the number of daily routine workers has increased as opposed to residential workers, domestic works involved both males and females, there was the increase of the middle men to facilitate the availability of domestic workers. Due to increased awareness, domestic workers were demanding their rights including the vacation from their employers and better salaries. In addition, there had been scarcity of domestic workers that has led to the mushrooming of day care centers. Needless to say, domestic workers faced unlimited number of challenges including overworking with low wages, delayed payments, harsh working climates as well as low social recognition. The study hereby recommended for the improvement in the education sector in favor of females. That would relieve domestic workers from the involvement in the informal sectors such as domestic sectors.
Effects of Monetary Policy Shocks on Domestic and Foreign Banks Lending in Tanzania
Authors: Zawadi Ally
Published: December 2023

This study investigated the effect of monetary policy shocks on bank loans extended by domestic and foreign banks in Tanzania over the period from 2006 to 2020.  It adopted the impulse response functions and the variance decomposition analysis to study the responses of these types of lending to monetary policy shocks. The studyfound out that foreign banks do not react negatively to a monetary policy shock, supporting the view that foreign banks in Tanzania did not abandon the domestic market in times of economic distress. The policy implication was that the foreign banks in Tanzania had been supportive of the domestic economy even in times of economic distress. Empirical evidence provided by this study supported the positive role played by the foreign banks in contributing to the financial and economic stability of the Tanzanian economy. The theoretical contribution of the study is that despite a tight monetary condition, the foreign banks continued to resume lending, implying that the “capital flight” argument did not apply to the foreign banks' operations in Tanzania.
Relationship between Banks’ Perception on Bank of Tanzania Regulatory Reviews and Financial Performance: Evidence from selected Commercial Banks in Tanzania
Authors: Majondo Safari , Mataba Lucas , Mmari Goodluck
Published: December 2023

The Central Bank of Tanzania has undergone various bank regulations reviews at different periods of time such as the one undertaken in 1998, 2008 and 2014. This study, therefore, intended to assess the relationship between banks perception on regulatory requirements reviews decisions and the bank performance. The study employed a cross-sectional design with the target population of 36 commercial banks. A sample of 120 respondents were selected from 24 commercial banks obtained in Dar es Salaam City. Primary data were collected from bank managers while secondary data were collected from audited annual financial statements. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were used for data analysis. Findings from the study showed that most banks had high perception regarding new regulations.  However, the study noted low perception on the number of quarterly publication days, and on liquidity and cash reserve ratios requirements which seemed to be difficult for most banks to afford. Correlation analysis results showed that the relationship between banks perception on the new regulatory requirements and the financial performance was positive and significant with a high degree of correlation. The study concludes that most banks highly supported the reviews made by the BoT on capital adequacy and information reporting and disclosure requirements. The study recommends that commercial banks need to implement the new capital adequacy requirements and information reporting and disclosure requirements with special attention in order to make banks more profitable. Moreover, the regulator of banks needs to think on reviewing publication days and liquidity requirements.
Determinants of Competitive Negotiation Style in Agribusiness Trade of High Value Food Crop Products in Tanzania: Evidence from Middlemen in Arusha, Tanzania
Authors: Chonjo Harrison , Ngaruko Deus D. , Lyanga Timothy
Published: December 2023

This paper explored the role of competitive negotiation style in agribusiness food value addition in Tanzania with insights from Arusha, Tanzania. Cross sectional survey of 280 middlemen were involved in the commodity’s value chain in Arusha main markets. A multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine main factors contributing to competitive negotiation style but also on their disaggregated effect on agribusiness trade performance. The results showed that competitive negotiation style through self view point, self gain, self win and self outcome had a negative effect on agribusiness performance. In this study it was found that competitive negotiation style had negative significant impact on agribusiness trade performance. The model had high concern for self and low concern for others. The low concern for others had been founded to add negative performance and made it to be the highest negative impacted model. In this notion once one side of the negotiating part found to have less considered by other part the negotiation process tends to be hard with negative performance. It was concluded that competitive negotiation style was not effective model on high value crops but it can be done in a non-competing way (competing-un-competing). Competitive negotiation style can further be reflected on diplomatic arena as non-productive way of conflict and disputes management, in leadership and interpersonal relationship.
Influence of Marketing Expenses on the Profitability of the Listed Manufacturing Companies in Tanzania
Authors: Kisyeri Dickson Matiko , Kira Alex Reuben
Published: December 2023

In recent decades, marketing expenses have been one of the subjects that have taken much attention internationally due to the influence it has on the day-to-day business activities of different business companies. Several studies have been done on the relationship between marketing expenses and business companies’ profitability globally. However, there are limited studies that used DuPont analysis to examine the responding variable (profitability). To bridge this gap, this study examined the influence of marketing expenses on the profitability of listed manufacturing companies in Tanzania guided by the marketing mix theory. The study used an explanatory research design whereby all data for the response variables were collected from the financial reports of the six listed manufacturing companies. This study further used 84 observations or cross-sectionals from a population of six LMCs. Descriptive and correlation analysis and pooled OLS were used for data analysis with a help of EViews. The census as a sampling technique was used to consider all 6 LMCs. The results have indicated that marketing expenses have a negative influence on the profitability explained by DuPont. This implies that if companies want to successfully increase their profitability, then they must relatively reduce their spending on marketing their products.
Influence of Duration of Coopetition on the Profitability of Micro and Small Enterprises: A Case of Tanzania Handicraft Industry
Authors: Mnzava Twazihirwa Tunzo , Raphael Gwahula , Uiso Hawa
Published: December 2023

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of the duration of coopetition on the profitability of MSEs in the handicraft industry operating in Arusha, Tanzania. It employed the theories of coopetition and resource dependence as theoretical frameworks. Data collected by survey approach were quantitatively analysed using the moderated Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) model to test the hypotheses. The results demonstrated that the duration of coopetition positively and significantly influenced the MSE’s profitability before and after moderation. The resource interdependence showed a statistically significant moderating influence on strength of the relationship between the duration of coopetition and MSEs’ profitability.  The results mean that more profitability is assured if the firms coopete for an extended period and that resource interdependence increases the coopetition propensity of the firms. It is recommended that longitudinal studies be done on the handicraft industry in both urban and rural setting to see if similar results would be obtained with those of cross-sectional studies. In addition, more empirical data from industry-specific MSEs other than handicrafts would substantiate the findings and would add to the coopetition theory's knowledge and understanding.
Empirical Analysis on the Impact of Management Efficiency and Watch Loans on the Bankruptcy Rate of Community Banks in Tanzania: A Random Effect Model Approach
Authors: Yohana Hapho , Gwahula Raphael
Published: December 2023

This paper analyses the impact of management efficiency and watch loans on the bankruptcy rate of community banks in Tanzania, for the period ranging from 2006 to 2021. In Tanzania, for the period starting from 2017 to 2019, seven community banks were closed by the Regulator while others were being merged to increase their operational efficiency and going concern. The failure of these banks raised a lot of concerns among banks’ stakeholders including private sector, the government and the general public. The study used archival reviews as one of the tools for secondary data collection in quantitative research where panel data were collected from community banks and the Bank of Tanzania publications. The employed sample size was 11 community banks, with a total of 176 observations. The panel data analysis has been conducted using statistical software (Stata) with the random effect model being used to generate regression results as one of the statistical models for panel data analysis. The research findings indicated significant negative correlations between the explanatory variables, namely, management efficiency and watch loan ratios with bankruptcy rates as computed using the Altman’s model approach specific for developing countries. This paper contributes to the contagion theory by arguing that not only bank runs that causes bank failure, but also there are other factors such as; management inefficiency and high level of watch loans as justified by the theory of market structure and asymmetric information theory. Further, for the purpose of diminishing bankruptcy rate of community banks, the study recommends adequate credit management policy in terms of proper credit appraisal systems and strong corporate governance policy, which reduce level of watch loans and operational costs.
Not only Adventurous but also Leisure: Re-defining Tourism in Tanzanian Mount Kilimanjaro National Park
Authors: Kilungu Halima
Published: December 2023

The highest mountainous tourism destinations in the world receive few numbers of tourists both domestic and international. Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa is not exceptional. This is because mountains are famous as adventure destinations due to the associated risks during trekking the summit. Consequently, only risk-taker tourists trek mountains. The objective of this study is to profile attractions in Mount Kilimanjaro’s altitudinal gradients to attract adventurous, acrophobic (fear of heights), and leisure tourists using a mixed-method approach. The results revealed that each altitudinal gradient harbours unique attractions. At an altitude of 1800 -2800masl, leisure, and acrophobic tourists experience endemic forest flowers like ‘touch-me-not’ or impatiens‘and viola, and diverse wildlife species. Between 2800 and 4000 masl, floristic tourists enjoy giant groundsels, such as senecio and lobelia and the Shiraplateau. At 4000 -5000masl, where semi-adventurous hope to experience nothing, the study found attractive rocks with unique shapes like a cathedral, turtle, mushrooms, and captivating striped Zebra-like rocks. Finally, above 5000masl, the adventurer tourists experience dazzling stars at night, the snow in the tropics, and the summit. The study concludes that the diversification of attractions is likely to draw a variety of tourists, thus, boosting the overall number of tourists. Therefore, in order to increase revenue generated from tourism, tourism planners should market mountains as not only adventurous but also leisure destinations.
Firm-Specific Determinants of Profitability of Listed Commercial Services Companies in Kenya and Tanzania
Authors: Lyimo Gregory D. , Walter Gloria
Published: December 2023

The issue on whether firm-specific determinants such as capital adequacy, financial leverage, company liquidity and firm size influence the profitability of listed commercial services companies is still debatable to date. Therefore, this study examines the firm-specific determinants of profitability of listed commercial services companies at Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange (DSE) and Nairobi Stock Exchange (NSE) in Tanzania and Kenya respectively. The study used data extracted from annual reports of eleven commercial services companies from 2015 to 2020 yielding 66 firm-year observations. Moreover, panel data regression analysis specifically a random effect estimator was employed to estimate firm-specific determinants of profitability of commercial services companies listed in Tanzania and Kenya. The study found out that capital adequacy was significantly positively linked to the profitability of listed commercial services companies at DSE and NSE. Likewise, the study revealed that firm size was significantly positively associated with the profitability of commercial services listed at DSE and NSE. Moreover, the study uncovered an insignificant positive association between profitability and both financial leverage and liquidity of commercial services companies listed at DSE and NSE. The results suggested that corporate managers are advised to increase investment in equity through selling equities to the general public and private shareholders so as to increase profitability. Furthermore, corporate managers are advised to increase firm size to enhance profitability.
Memli Krasniqi: "Kosova (1981-1989): fillimi i shpërbërjes së RSF të Jugosllavisë", Instituti Albanologjik, Prishtinë: 2021, 358 f.
Authors: Boçi Sonila
Published: December 2023

Të paktë janë kombet që kanë përjetuar gjatë historisë kaq shumëmomente kthesash dramatike sa shqiptarët. Të gjendur shpesh nëudhëkryqe gjeopolitike, shqiptarëve u është dashur të ndërmarrin aksionee të bëjnë sakrifica të vazhdueshme për të siguruar mbijetesën e tyre. Nëkëtë përpjekje e luftë të vazhdueshme për ruajtjen e identitetit kombëtar,dinjitetit njerëzor dhe mbijetesës nga presionet e vazhdueshme tënacionalizmave sllavë, në mënyrë të veçantë atij serb, shqiptarët e mbeturjashtë kufijve shtetërorë, veçanërisht ata të Kosovës kanë shenjuar njëhistori të jashtëzakonshme. Shumë është shkruar për Kosovën e viteve‘80, por me sa duket, asnjëherë mjaftueshëm. Në këtë panoramë, punimimë i ri i prof. assoc. dr. Memli Krasniqi është një dritare tjetër që hapetdhe një kontribut i vlerësuar.
ULJA E TENSIONIT MIDIS GREQISË DHE SHQIPËRISË PAS VENDIMIT TË GJYKATËS SË HAGËS PËR SHKOLLAT E MINORITETIT GREK
Authors: Meta Beqir
Published: December 2023

Vendimi i qeverisë shqiptare për shtetëzimin e të gjithë shkollave private në Shqipëri në vitin 1934 preku, pos të tjerash, edhe shkollat private të minoritetit grek. Minoriteti dhe qeveria greke e kundërshtuan këtë vendim dhe çështja u mor në shqyrtim nga Këshilli i Lidhjes së Kombeve i cili vendosi që, rreth masave që kishte marrë qeveria shqiptare, të jepte më parë një mendim konsultativ Gjykata Ndër-kombëtare e Drejtësisë në Hagë. Gjykata, me shumicë votash dha opinionin se Shqipëria nuk kishte të drejtë t’i mbyllte shkollat private të minoritetit grek. Vendimi i saj u bë i njohur publikisht në ditët e para të prillit 1935. Ky artikull paraqet situatën që ekzistonte midis qeverisë shqiptare dhe minoritetit grek në muaj e parë pas vendimit të Hagës deri në fundin e verës së vitit 1935 kur qeveria shqiptare deklaroi zyrtarisht se do ta zbatonte këtë vendim.
POZITA E SHQIPTARËVE NË FRONTIN E ADRIATIKUT DHE MASAKRA E TIVARIT
Authors: Ademi Haxhi
Published: December 2023

Në këtë artikull trajtohet pozita e shqiptarëve në Frontin e Adriatikut dhe në veçanti Masakra e Tivarit. Gjatë tërheqjes së ushtrisë gjermane nga territori i ish-Jugosllavisë, u krijuan dy fronte: fronti i Sremit të Vojvodinës dhe fronti i Adriatikut në veriperëndim të Jugosllavisë. Shqiptarët u rekrutuan për t’u dërguar në luftime në këto fronte ndërsa brigadat serbe i forcuan pozitat e tyre në territorin e Kosovës. Gjithsej për plotësimin e reparteve jugosllave nga Kosova dhe viset e tjera etnike u rekrutuan dhe u dërguan në luftime larg Kosovës 37 424 shqiptarë. Por, krahas largimit nga Kosova të Brigadave kosovare në Kosovë u vendosen 40 mijë ushtarë dhe oficer elitë të cilët kishin për detyrë ta ndihmonin vendosjen e “pushtetit popullor”. Gjatë muajit mars dhe prill të vitit 1945, rreth 13.000 rekrutë shqiptarë u dëbuan me forcë nga Kosova dhe rreth 5000 nga Maqedonia. Këta rekrutë u dërguan të paarmatosur në Frontin e Adriatikut. Pikë mbledhja e këtyre rekrutëve u caktua Prizreni, por është me rëndësi të përmendet fakti që gjithë rekrutët shqiptarë u çarmatosën me arsyetimin se do të lodheshin nga rruga dhe se kur të mbërrinin në front do të pajiseshin me armë moderne angleze. Ky ishte mashtrimi i parë që iu bë shqiptarëve, të cilët, të mobilizuar përshkuan rrugën Prizren–Kukës–Shkodër–Tivar-Dubrovnik-Rijekë. Përgjatë kësaj rruge mijëra shqiptarë gjetën vdekjen, që sipas të mbijetuarve numri i të vdekurve apo të vrarëve gjatë rrugëtimit nga Prizreni deri në Tivar dhe në Masakrën e Tivarit ishte me mijëra. Shqiptarët, u vranë nga bashkëluftëtarët e tyre partizanë jugosllavë, por, në vrasjen e tyre kanë marrë pjesë dhe popullsia vendase malazeze si dhe popullsia civile serbo-malazeze të cilët ishin vendosur si kolonë në vitet 20-30-të në Kosovë, ndërsa ishin larguar nga Kosova pas luftës së prillit 1941. Së fundmi, mund të themi se masakra e mijëra shqiptarëve të pafajshëm në territoret shqiptare dhe ato jugosllave në vitin 1945, mund të jetë një ndër krimet më të mëdha ndaj bashkëluftëtarëve për të luftuar armikun e përbashkët gjerman.
DISA ASPEKTE NGA EKONOMIA E SHKODRËS MESJETARE
Authors: Malaj Edmond
Published: December 2023

Shkodra ishte një ndër qytetet më të mëdha dhe më të rëndësishme të hapësirës arbërore në Mesjetë dhe të flasësh për ekonominë e këtij qyteti gjatë kësaj periudhe në mënyrë të detajuar në një artikull të vetëm është diçka e parealizueshme, sepse kjo temë kërkon një monografi studimore. Megjithatë hapësira që na jep artikulli na lejon të përmendim disa aspekte kryesore të ekonomisë së këtij qyteti.Këtu do të përpiqemi të japim një panoramë të ekonomisë së Shkodrës në Mesjetë, duke u përqendruar kryesisht në gjysmën e parë të shek. XV, për të cilën kemi edhe të dhëna dhe burime dokumentare më të shumta. Artikulli në fjalë ka si qëllim që të cekë çështjet më kryesore ekonomike.
VEPRIMTARIA E LEF NOSIT PËR PAVARËSINË DHE KONSOLIDIMIN E SHTETIT SHQIPTAR
Authors: Musaj Fatmira
Published: December 2023

Zgjedhja e Lef Nosit nga populli i Elbasanit, në krah të Dervish BejBiçakut, Shefqet Daiut, Mit’hat Frashërit, etj., si delegat të këtij rrethi përnë Kuvendin e Kombëtar të Vlorës, ishte rezultat i kontributit të tij tëgjatë e shumëplanësh në Lëvizjen Kombëtare Shqiptare. Veçanërisht pasRevolucionit Xhonturk të vitit 1908, ku ashtu si shumë patriotë shqiptarë,edhe Nosi nuk do të pajtohej me politikën antishqiptare të turqve të rinj,që në thelb nuk ndryshonte nga ajo e sulltan Abdyl Hamitit. Formimiintelektual e bëri shumë shpejt atë të pranueshëm jo vetëm për figurat mëtë njohura të qytetit të Elbasanit, por edhe me elitën patriotike shqiptarenë trevat e tjera të vendit. Duke përfituar nga klima e favorshme politike,ai kontribuoi në zhvillimin e lëvizjes arsimore, kulturore e patriotike nëtrevën e Elbasanit në vitet 1909-1912.
RAPORTET E BRITANISË SË MADHE ME SHQIPËRINË GJATË VITEVE 1920-1922
Authors: Kadria Sali
Published: December 2023

Marrëdhëniet e Britanisë së Madhe me Shqipërinë paraqesin interespër të parë nga afër, ndikimin që pati kjo fuqi në pozitën ndërkombëtaretë Shqipërisë dhe në zhvillimin e brendshëm të shtetit shqiptar në vitet1920-1922. Për shkak të rëndësisë së veçantë që paraqesin, ato janëtrajtuar në mënyrë të gjerë në studimet historike brenda dhe jashtë vendit.