bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Late pregnancy ultrasound parameters identifying fetuses at risk of adverse perinatal outcomes: a protocol for a systematic review of systematic reviews
Authors: Aderoba Adeniyi Kolade , Nasir Naima , Quigley Maria , Impey Lawrence , Rivero-Arias Oliver , Kurinczuk Jennifer J
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Stillbirths and neonatal deaths are leading contributors to the global burden of disease and pregnancy ultrasound has the potential to help decrease this burden. In the absence of high-Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) evidence on universal obstetric ultrasound screening at or close to term, many different screening strategies have been proposed. Systematic reviews have rapidly increased over the past decade owing to the diverse nature of ultrasound parameters and the wide range of possible adverse perinatal outcomes. This systematic review will summarise the evidence on key ultrasound parameters in the published literature to help develop an obstetric ultrasound protocol that identifies pregnancies at risk of adverse perinatal outcomes at or close to term.

Methods

This study will follow the recent Cochrane guidelines for a systematic review of systematic reviews. A comprehensive literature search will be conducted using Embase (OvidSP), Medline (OvidSP), CDSR, CINAHL (EBSCOhost) and Scopus. Systematic reviews evaluating at least one ultrasound parameter in late pregnancy to detect pregnancies at risk of adverse perinatal outcomes will be included. Two independent reviewers will screen, assess the quality including the risk of bias using the ROBIS tool, and extract data from eligible systematic reviews that meet the study inclusion criteria. Overlapping data will be assessed and managed with decision rules, and study evidence including the GRADE assessment of the certainty of results will be presented as a narrative synthesis as described in the Cochrane guidelines for an overview of reviews.

Ethics and dissemination

This research uses publicly available published data; thus, an ethics committee review is not required. The findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021266108.
Protocol for GUo’s renovisceral Artery reconstruction-1: a prospective, multicentre, single-arm clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a multibRANched sTEnt graft systEm for thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (GUARANTEE study)
Authors: Ge Yangyang , Zhang Hongpeng , Rong Dan , Liu Feng , Jia Xin , Xiong Jiang , Ma Xiaohui , Wang Lijun , Fan Tingting , Guo Wei
Published: March 2022

Introduction

The multibranched off-the-shelf stent graft is a promising treatment option for thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA). A commercially available, multibranched, off-the-shelf endograft called the t-Branch stent graft has demonstrated favourable midterm outcomes. Another two investigational off-the-shelf endografts, the GORE EXCLUDER Thoracoabdominal Branch Endoprosthesis and E-nside multibranch stent graft system, are still being developed. However, these three endografts have an unsatisfactory anatomic feasibility rate in patients with TAAA. Based on the concept of Guo’s renovisceral artery reconstruction-1, a novel, multibranched, off-the-shelf endograft with different configurations has been developed.

Methods and analysis

This prospective, multicentre, single-arm, cohort study will enrol 73 patients with TAAA. Preoperative and postoperative clinical data, as well as CT angiography images at each follow-up timepoint, will be analysed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this novel, multibranched, off-the-shelf endograft for the treatment of TAAA. The primary safety end point is the major adverse event rate within 30 days after index endovascular aortic repair, including all-cause death, hepatic failure, bowel necrosis, renal failure, stroke, permanent paraplegia, cardiac infarction and respiratory failure. The primary efficacy end point is the successful treatment rate within 12 months after procedure, which is a composite of immediate technical success and no secondary surgical intervention related to TAAA within 12 months after the procedure.

Ethics and dissemination

The protocol has been reviewed and approved by the ethics committee of Chinese PLA General Hospital (reference number: 2021-NO.-007) and each participating hospital. The findings of this study will be disseminated through conference presentations, peer-reviewed journal publications and social media.

Trial registration number

NCT05054985.
Feasibility of establishing a Canadian Obstetric Survey System (CanOSS) for severe maternal morbidity: a study protocol
Authors: D’Souza Rohan , Seymour Rebecca J , Knight Marian , Dzakpasu Susie , Joseph K S , Thorne Sara , Ospina Maria B , Barrett Jon , Cook Jocelynn , Fell Deshayne B , Scott Heather , Metcalfe Amy , van den Akker Thomas , Lapinsky Stephen , Skeith Leslie , Murray-Davis Beth , Shah Prakesh , Forte Milena , Ashraf Rizwana , Chundamala Josie , Hutchinson Sarah A , Chen Kenneth K , Malhamé Isabelle
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Severe maternal morbidity (SMM)—an unexpected pregnancy-associated maternal outcome resulting in severe illness, prolonged hospitalisation or long-term disability—is recognised by many, as the preferred indicator of the quality of maternity care, especially in high-income countries. Obtaining comprehensive details on events and circumstances leading to SMM, obtained through maternity units, could complement data from large epidemiological studies and enable targeted interventions to improve maternal health. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of gathering such data from maternity units across Canadian provinces and territories, with the goal of establishing a national obstetric survey system for SMM in Canada.

Methods and analysis

We propose a sequential explanatory mixed-methods study. We will first distribute a cross-sectional survey to leads of all maternity units across Canada to gather information on (1) Whether the unit has a system for reviewing SMM and the nature and format of this system, (2) Willingness to share anonymised data on SMM by direct entry using a web-based platform and (3) Respondents’ perception on the definition and leading causes of SMM at a local level. This will be followed by semistructured interviews with respondent groups defined a priori, to identify barriers and facilitators for data sharing. We will perform an integrated analysis to determine feasibility outcomes, a narrative description of barriers and facilitators for data-sharing and resource implications for data acquisition on an annual basis, and variations in top-5 causes of SMM.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has been approved by the Mount Sinai and Hamilton Integrated Research Ethics Boards. The study findings will be presented at annual scientific meetings of the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada, North American Society of Obstetric Medicine, and International Network of Obstetric Survey Systems and published in an open-access peer-reviewed Obstetrics and Gynaecology or General Internal Medicine journal.
Diagnostic performance of anterior segment optical coherence tomography in detecting plateau iris
Authors: Wanichwecharungruang Boonsong , Pattanapongpaiboon Warisara , Kongsomboon Kittipong , Parivisutt Nucharee , Annopawong Kornkamol , Seresirikachorn Kasem
Published: March 2022

Objective

To evaluate the diagnostic performance of manual grading of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) in detection of plateau iris configuration (PIC) based on the presence of standardised ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) criteria in at least two quadrants; namely, clinical diagnosis of PIC (DxPIC).

Methods and analysis

In this cross-sectional study, paired AS-OCT and UBM images were evaluated by three glaucoma specialists. AS-OCT was classified into two mechanisms, PIC versus non-PIC, of primary angle closure disease (PACD) and AS-OCT-PIC diagnostic performance was tested with DxPIC.

Results

One hundred and seventy-nine eyes of 142 patients were enrolled for analysis, and DxPIC was found in 85 eyes (47.49%). Intraobserver agreement rates of AS-OCT classification by the graders were 0.77, 0.701 and 0.742 (all p<0.001), and interobserver agreement rates, between a senior glaucoma specialist and the other two glaucoma specialists, were 0.68 and 0.702 (all p<0.001). Plateau iris was classified in AS-OCT images by the three graders, rated 32.96%–39.1% and 24.58%–34.08% in the horizontal and vertical axes, respectively. Diagnostic performance was analysed, yielding sensitivity ranging from 56.47% to 77.78%, and specificity of 48.94% to 64.29%. We applied disease prevalence of 30%, revealing positive predictive values varying from 32.16% to 44.44%, and negative predictive values of 72.4% to 85.71%. Accuracy ranged from 51.2% to 65%. Agreement between the two devices was fair, kappa range 0.31–0.351.

Conclusion

Performance of manual grading of AS-OCT in detection of DxPIC was relatively poor; therefore, unadjusted AS-OCT does not appear to be good for manual PIC screening in PACD patients and cannot serve as a substitute for UBM in PIC detection.
Pain management in children and young adults with minor injury in emergency departments in the UK and Ireland: a PERUKI service evaluation
Authors: Hartshorn Stuart , Durnin Sheena , Lyttle Mark D , Barrett Michael
Published: March 2022

Background

Management of acute pain should commence at the earliest opportunity, as it has many short-term and long-term consequences. A research priority of Paediatric Emergency Research in the UK and Ireland (PERUKI) was to examine paediatric pain practices.

Objective

To describe the outcomes for paediatric pain management of minor injuries presenting to emergency departments (EDs) across PERUKI.

Methods

A retrospective service evaluation was performed over a 7-day period in late 2016/early 2017 across PERUKI sites, and analysis performed using an adapted Donabedian framework. Patients under 16 years presenting with minor trauma were eligible, and data were collected on prehospital management, pain assessment, analgesia administered and injury diagnosed.

Results

Thirty-one sites submitted data on 3888 patients. There were 111 missed cases (missed rate 3.6%). The most common injuries were sprains, lacerations, contusions/abrasions and fractures. Documentation of receiving analgesia before arrival in ED occurred in 21% of patients (n=818). A pain assessment was documented in 57.5% of patients (n=2235) during their ED visit, and 3.5% of patients had their pain reassessed (n=138). Of the patients who presented in severe pain (pain score 7–10 or rated severe), 11% were reassessed. Site variability of initial pain assessment ranged from 1.4% to 100% (median 62%). The characteristics of the top quartile performing centres against the bottom quartile performing centres based on completion rate of initial pain scores were identified.

Conclusion

Pain assessment was documented in under 60% of children with minor injury, re-assessment of pain was almost completely absent, data and outcomes were missing in a substantial volume of patients, indicating that pain management and the associated outcomes have not been adequately addressed and prioritised within existing network structures and processes.
Therapeutic hypothermia for neonatal encephalopathy with sepsis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sibbin Kristina , Crawford Tara M , Stark Michael , Battin Malcolm
Published: March 2022

Objective

Neonatal encephalopathy remains a major cause of infant mortality and neurodevelopmental impairment. Infection may exacerbate brain injury and mitigate the effect of therapeutic hypothermia (TH). Additionally, infants with sepsis treated with TH may be at increased risk of adverse effects. This study aimed to review the clinical characteristics and outcomes for infants with sepsis treated with TH.

Design and setting

Retrospective cohort study of infants treated with TH within Australia and New Zealand.

Patients

1522 infants treated with TH, including 38 with culture-positive sepsis from 2014 to 2018.

Intervention

Anonymised retrospective review of data from Australian and New Zealand Neonatal Network. Infants with culture-positive sepsis within 48 hours were compared with those without sepsis.

Main outcome measures

Key outcomes include in-hospital mortality, intensive care support requirements and length of stay.

Results

Overall the rate of mortality was similar between the groups (13% vs 13%). Infants with sepsis received a higher rate of mechanical ventilation (89% vs 70%, p=0.01), high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (32% vs 13%, p=0.003) and inhaled nitric oxide for persistent pulmonary hypertension (38% vs 16%, p<0.001). Additionally, the sepsis group had a longer length of stay (20 vs 11 days, p<0.001).

Conclusion

Infants with sepsis treated with TH required significantly more respiratory support and had a longer length of stay. Although this may suggest a more severe illness the rate of mortality was similar. Further research is warranted to review the neurodevelopmental outcomes for these infants.
Abstracts from International Emergency Medicine Journals
Authors:   EMJ Production
Published: March 2022

Editor’s note: EMJ has partnered with the journals of multiple international emergency medicine societies to share from each a highlighted research study, as selected by their editors. This edition will feature an abstract from each publication.
Multicentre study to improve clinical interpretation of rheumatoid factor and anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies test results
Authors: Van Hoovels Lieve , Vander Cruyssen Bert , Sieghart Daniela , Bonroy Carolien , Nagy Eszter , Pullerits Rille , Čučnik Saša , Dahle Charlotte , Heijnen Ingmar , Bernasconi Luca , Benkhadra Farid , Bogaert Laura , Van Den Bremt Stefanie , Van Liedekerke Ann , Vanheule Geert , Robbrecht Johan , Studholme Lucy , Wirth Claudine , Müller Rüdiger , Kyburz Diego , Sjöwall Christopher , Kastbom Alf , Ješe Rok , Jovancevic Boja , Kiss Emese , Jacques Peggy , Aletaha Daniel , Steiner Guenter , Verschueren Patrick , Bossuyt Xavier
Published: March 2022

Background

Rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPA) are important biomarkers for diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, there is poor harmonisation of RF and ACPA assays. The aim of this study was to refine RF and ACPA interpretation across commercial assays.

Materials and methods

Six total RF isotype-non-specific assays, 3 RF IgM isotype-specific assays and 9 ACPA immunoglobulin G assays of 13 different companies were evaluated using 398 diagnostic samples from patients with RA and 1073 disease controls.

Results

Using cut-offs proposed by the manufacturer, there was a large variability in diagnostic sensitivity and specificity between assays. Thresholds of antibody levels were determined based on predefined specificities and used to define test result intervals. Test result interval-specific likelihood ratios (LRs) were concordant across the different RF and ACPA assays. For all assays, the LR for RA increased with increasing antibody level. Higher LRs were found for ACPA than for RF. ACPA levels associated with LRs >80 were found in a substantial fraction (>22%) of patients with RA.

Conclusion

Defining thresholds for antibody levels and assigning test result interval-specific LRs allows alignment of clinical interpretation for all RF and ACPA assays.
Modeling of dielectric behavior of polymers nanocomposites using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)
Authors: Mohamed R. A.
Published: March 2022

The research presents a theoretical study on modeling of dielectric properties of polymer nanocomposites based on adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The research contributes a better utilizing of ANFIS model in the prediction of dielectric behavior of polymers nanocomposites. In this respect, three different samples are trained (Mg1−xCuxO/PMMA, PPy-DBSA-Y2O3 and PVC/PEMA with [Zn(CF3SO3)2]). Inputs are obtained from earlier experimental studies. ANFIS Takagi–Sugeno type is trained. The model is applied based on weighted average as a defuzzification method. The optimal network structures, which produce the most acceptable results, are implemented in MATLAB. Six ANFIS networks are trained to simulate and predict dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss in terms of nanocomposite weight % (0–0.2%, 0–8% and 10–30% for each sample, respectively) and frequency (10−2–103 kHz). ANFIS simulation results are very close to their targets. Predictions of dielectric properties at nanocomposite weights % that are measured experimentally as a testing step and predictions of other values that are not implicated in the experimental data extent are achieved. Also, predictions of individual points are processed using ANFIS rule viewer. It is found that ANFIS predictions provide excellent results. Three-dimensional illustrations that represent the mapping from frequency and nanocomposite weight% to the dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss are obtained using MATLAB surface viewer. Histogram error plot is obtained to indicate the degree of noisy. Mean error, mean squared error, root-mean-squared error and standard division error are calculated. Their values improve the efficiency of the modeling process. A key goal of this paper is to develop a mechanism to predict the dielectric properties of polymers nanocomposites. In accordance with the modeling results, the ANFIS technique achieves the purpose. It can also form a great link between practical and theoretical domains.
EXPORT–GROWTH NEXUS IN THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA: A NONLINEAR ARDL APPROACH
Authors: ISLAM MD. SAIFUL , ALSAIF SALEH SAUD , ALSHAMMARI ABDULHAMID FARHAN
Published: March 2022

The study examines the asymmetric influence of exports on economic growth in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia using an augmented neoclassical production function incorporating export earnings and oil rent. It uses time-series yearly data from 1985 to 2019 published by the World Bank, employs the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) approach and Toda–Yamamoto (T–Y) Granger causality test. The outcomes reveal a long-run cointegration among economic growth, exports, oil rents and other variables. Both the exports and oil rents have unveiled asymmetric impacts on economic growth. The overall impact of exports on economic growth remains robust; its positive shock maintains neutrality, while negative shock yields affirmative influence on economic growth in the long run. Similarly, the positive components of oil rents remain neutral, while the negative shocks negatively affect economic growth, with an overall adverse impact. The T–Y causality unleashes that economic growth causes exports negative shocks, and negative shocks cause positive shocks of exports and a feedback relationship between economic growth and positive shock of exports, and thus, validates the NARDL outcomes and verifies their robustness. The outcomes imply that the Kingdom should expand its exports and enhance its nonoil output through product and market diversification measures.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DETERMINANTS OF THE MALAYSIAN HOUSEHOLD NONPERFORMING LOANS: EVIDENCE FROM NARDL
Authors: THEONG MAY-JIN , LAU WEE-YEAP , OSMAN AHMAD FARID
Published: March 2022

This study compares the sensitivity of each household nonperforming loans (NPLs) category in Malaysia, allowing asymmetry across different household credit types, credit cards, personal uses, purchase of residential properties and purchase of transport vehicles. Differences in the impact of household debt on the Malaysian household NPLs are found evident. In the sample period from 2006 to 2018, the findings suggest an asymmetric impact of credit card debts on the household NPLs. This linkage is explained by only short-run negative changes in credit card outstanding loans. Besides that, the residential property loans behave asymmetrically in the long and short run, with higher impact sources from the negative changes. In a disaggregated NPL analysis focusing on a different type of loan portfolio, the asymmetry further enhances policy and regulation-making in managing household credit risk.
DEVELOPMENT OF RAIL-BASED DYNAMIC REHABILITATION TRAINING SYSTEM CONSIDERING USER’S MOVEMENT
Authors: KIM JE NAM , SHIN MI YEON , CHONG WOO SUK , YU CHANG HO , KIM KYONG
Published: March 2022

Appropriate motion assistance based on understanding the patient’s exact intention plays an important role in improving the patient’s rehabilitation ability. This paper is a study on the development of user intention technology for a rehabilitation training system that performs dynamic rehabilitation training related to lower extremities such as posture balance and walking. The rehabilitation training system consists of a rail platform installed on the ceiling and a trolley with autonomous driving, weight support, and detection of user intention. When performing dynamic rehabilitation training such as posture balance and walking, the motion intention detection function of the patient knows the direction in which the patient is going to move in advance, and the trolley can be moved to prevent a risk such as a fall of the patient. To this end, the rehabilitation training system can measure the motion in all directions of 360∘, and visually inform the therapist or guardian by blinking the LED under the trolley whenever motion intent in each direction is detected. The user intention function of this system was tested for weight-bearing stability when performing the user’s walking motion and sitting–standing motion. As a result of the experiment, it was confirmed that the RMS error was within 4% and 2%, and the peak-to-peak error was within 8% and 5%. In the future, it is expected that these results will contribute to increase the rehabilitation effect of the walking disabled. However, the results of this study were limited in their application to actual patients because they were values measured under limited experimental conditions targeting healthy subjects, so in future studies, usability tests for various users such as healthy adults, elderly people, and stroke patients will be conducted.
TEST OF PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE: RATIONALE AND FEASIBILITY
Authors: CORAZZA IVAN , MORRONE MARIA FRANCESCA , OLIVIERI MICHELA , ZECCHI MARGHERITA , ZANNOLI ROMANO
Published: March 2022

Rigorous clinical evaluation of the physiological performance is currently performed with complex and long procedures which need expensive technology and skilled operators. In a wide range of situations (frail patients, daily clinical practice, etc.), these approaches are difficult to be applied and simpler tests, with a lack of scientific background, are mandatory. To avoid these problems, we propose a test (test of physiological performance (TOPP)) to evaluate the physiological behavior of a subject, in a really easy and safe clinical setting, measuring only the heart rate. The subject is submitted to an active standing-up test and then two submaximal exercises (with a low power load) on a cycle-ergometer. The heart rate modifications due to each submaximal step are analyzed by exponential interpolation to calculate the ascending and descending time constants and evaluate the way each subject adapts his heart rate to work. The standard deviation of the RR for each stationary phase (warm-up, load, recovery) was calculated as an index of short-term variability. Then a standard Fourier analysis of the stationary periods of the standing-up procedures allows to quickly and easily evaluate the autonomic nervous activation. We tested the protocol on five healthy subjects to verify the feasibility and the acceptance of the procedure. The five subjects demonstrated a good tolerance of the entire procedure. The standing-up showed a behavior of the autonomic system consistent with the physiology (with an increase in sympathetic activation in the passage to standing position). The analysis of the two submaximal steps highlights how younger and trained subjects present lower heart rates (both in the ascending phase and in the recovery) with a quicker adaptation ability (smaller time constants) consistent with what is expected. The short-term variability of heart rate is greater in young and trained subjects, thus confirming how the sympatho-vagal balance, in these subjects, is more dynamic. The proposed test is well tolerated by the subjects and the results, albeit in a small cohort of healthy volunteers, are consistent with what is expected from physiology and is already present in the literature. Our work aims to be a proposal with a feasibility check of a method for evaluating performance. The work to be done for the clinical validation of the TOPP is still long, but we are aware that it can give important results and that the TOPP can become an effective tool for the assessment of the physiological performance even of fragile subjects.
Improving Neural Machine Translation by Transferring Knowledge from Syntactic Constituent Alignment Learning
Authors: Su Chao , Huang Heyan , Shi Shumin , Jian Ping
Published: March 2022

Statistical machine translation (SMT) models rely on word-, phrase-, and syntax-level alignments. But neural machine translation (NMT) models rarely explicitly learn the phrase- and syntax-level alignments. In this article, we propose to improve NMT by explicitly learning the bilingual syntactic constituent alignments. Specifically, we first utilize syntactic parsers to induce syntactic structures of sentences, and then we propose two ways to utilize the syntactic constituents in a perceptual (not adversarial) generator-discriminator training framework. One way is to use them to measure the alignment score of sentence-level training examples, and the other is to directly score the alignments of constituent-level examples generated with an algorithm based on word-level alignments from SMT. In our generator-discriminator framework, the discriminator is pre-trained to learn constituent alignments and distinguish the ground-truth translation from the fake ones, while the generative translation model is fine-tuned to receive the alignment knowledge and to generate translations that best approximate the true ones. Experiments and analysis show that the learned constituent alignments can help improve the translation results.
Critical Analysis of Existing Punjabi Grammar Checker and a Proposed Hybrid Framework Involving Machine Learning and Rule-Base Criteria
Authors: Verma Vikas , Sharma S. K.
Published: March 2022

An important area of research involving Artificial Intelligence (AI) is Natural Language Processing (NLP). The objective of training a machine is to imitate and manipulate text and speech of humans. Progressive research is undertaken to find connections between humans and their usage of language commonly used being referred as Natural Language. Various tools for different languages have been developed for operating the natural languages widely used by public. NLP integrates various disciplines and works cohesively for processing text, Information Retrieval, AI and so on. One such tool used for checking the accuracy of a given sentence in any language is referred to as a Grammar Checker. So a Grammar checker of a particular language explores grammatical errors (if any) and provides remedial suggestions for correction of the same. Such feature is imbibed by virtue of Natural Language Processing using Computational Linguistics. We have justified the need of an emerging Machine Learning technique by critically evaluating the existing Punjabi Grammar checker that was developed earlier in light of certain real-time cases. This process is accomplished by critically evaluating the output of each phase and identifying the component accountable for generating maximum errors and false alarms. Based on this analysis, we have proposed a hybrid framework as an efficient way of analyzing correction in sentences. This is attainable through the said booming technique of Machine Learning explicitly using Deep Neural Networks in combination with the existing rule-based approach. It's a novel approach as no work using machine learning has been done earlier in Punjabi Grammar Checker.
Design of Intelligent Decision System via Computer Aided Translation Software Evaluation under the Background of Internet of Things
Authors: Xiang Yueting , Zeng Chengang , Sun Kaiyang , Tang Kunzhi
Published: March 2022

The identification and classification of professional terms of machine translation are studied in this work, to improve the accuracy and professionalism of computer aided translation (CAT) software. Firstly, the current situation and related fields of machine translation are analyzed to summarize the difficulties and shortcomings in machine translation. Secondly, the concept of term is introduced to conduct targeted research on the imbalance problem of terminology classification and recognition in machine translation. Thirdly, a term recognition model based on integrated recognition method is proposed. Finally, the classification accuracy and recall rate of the model are verified using the method of confusion matrix in experiments. The results demonstrate that in comparison of the recall rate, classification accuracy, and f value in different fields, the classification accuracy of network terms by the hybrid method combining the over-sampling method and under-sampling method is the highest of 77%, that of sports terms is the lowest of 71%, and that of economic terms is 74%. Among the recall rate, accuracy rate and f value, the recall rate is the highest, reaching more than 80%, especially for economic terms of 91%. The combination of over-sampling and under-sampling performs better than the under-sampling with playback and under-sampling without playback in terms of term recognition and classification in different fields. Through the classification results before and after integration, it is obvious that the integration of each base classifier not only effectively improves the classification accuracy of terms, but also greatly improves the recall rate. This term recognition model can help CAT software in improving the recognition accuracy of term translation, which has certain practical effects and provides reference for research in related fields.
NORM: An FPGA-based Non-volatile Memory Emulation Framework for Intermittent Computing
Authors: Ruffini Simone , Caronti Luca , Yıldırım Kasım Sinan , Brunelli Davide
Published: March 2022

Today’s intermittent computing systems operate by relying only on harvested energy accumulated in their tiny energy reservoirs, typically capacitors. An intermittent device dies due to a power failure when there is no energy in its capacitor and boots again when the harvested energy is sufficient to power its hardware components. Power failures prevent the forward progress of computation due to the frequent loss of computational state. To remedy this problem, intermittent computing systems comprise built-in fast non-volatile memories with high write endurance to store information that persists despite frequent power failures. However, the lack of design tools makes fast-prototyping these systems difficult. Even though FPGAs are common platforms for fast prototyping and behavioral verification of continuously powered architectures, they do not target prototyping intermittent computing systems. This article introduces a new FPGA-based framework, named NORM (
N
on-volatile mem
OR
y e
M
ulator), to emulate and verify the behavior of any intermittent computing system that exploits fast non-volatile memories. Our evaluation showed that NORM can be used to emulate and validate FeRAM-based transiently powered hardware architectures successfully.
Nanotherapeutics and the Brain
Authors: Joseph Andrea , Nance Elizabeth
Published: March 2022

Brain disease remains a significant health, social, and economic burden with a high failure rate of translation of therapeutics to the clinic. Nanotherapeutics have represented a promising area of technology investment to improve drug bioavailability and delivery to the brain, with several successes for nanotherapeutic use for central nervous system disease that are currently in the clinic. However, renewed and continued research on the treatment of neurological disorders is critically needed. We explore the challenges of drug delivery to the brain and the ways in which nanotherapeutics can overcome these challenges. We provide a summary and overview of general design principles that can be applied to nanotherapeutics for uptake and penetration in the brain. We next highlight remaining questions that limit the translational potential of nanotherapeutics for application in the clinic. Lastly, we provide recommendations for ongoing preclinical research to improve the overall success of nanotherapeutics against neurological disease.
Novel Application for Activated Carbon Pharmaceutical Formulation as an Efficient Adsorbent of Iron (III) from Contaminated Canned Food
Authors: Althagafi Zahrah T. , Arida Hassan A. , Hassan Reham F.
Published: March 2022

Additional medical indication has been realized for the active carbon commercialized in pharmaceutical stores for the first time. In this study, the active carbon was used to remove iron (III) from real canned food samples contaminated with iron by an adsorption process, in a new approach. Different parameters affecting the adsorption behavior of active carbon towards iron (III) have been optimized. Under the optimized conditions, namely, pH 4, 5 h contact time, 40 ppm iron initial concentration, and 2 g carbon, the study was applied to some of the real canned food samples. Black olive and green bean canned food samples containing relatively high iron levels of 698.0 and 1168 mg kg-1, respectively, have been selected for this study due to their levels which were above the maximum permitted levels 48 mg kg-1 according to the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). These samples were digested and treated, and their iron concentration was determined using ICP-AES under the specified optimum conditions. The removal percentage of the real samples was ~91%. In a novel approach, this study simulates the adsorption behavior of active carbon towards iron (III) in the human stomach when canned food with relatively high iron levels has been digested, since the pH value of the human stomach (~3) comes in good agreement with the adsorption optimized pH range (2-4). Moreover, the overall tolerability and safety of active carbon are worldwide known and traditionally documented. These application studies realize the applicability of utilizing active carbon commercially available in pharmaceutical stores to eliminate the toxicity of canned food contaminated by high levels of the investigated elements.
Diagnostic Imaging Analysis and Care of Patients with Endomyocardial Fibrosis Based on Wireless Network Smart Medical Application
Authors: Chen Zaomei , Wen Jingya
Published: March 2022

The heart is one of the most important organs of the human body, but in recent years heart disease has become one of the human health killers and this paper explores endomyocardial fibrosis, which is a common cardiomyopathy, commonly seen in infants and children, and refers to a diffuse elastic fibrous disease of the endocardium. The purpose of this paper is to explore the diagnostic imaging analysis and care of patients with endocardial heart machine fibrosis using wireless network intelligent medical technology, aiming to provide a new power basis for the treatment of the disease in related patients. This paper proposes a new endocardial segmentation algorithm that aims to process image information using image features, intervene in image noise reduction and smoothing, etc., and use image grayscale values to confirm cardiac cavity grayscale values as a basis for physicians to make certain judgments for the diagnosis of patients with endocardial machine fibrosis. The experimental results show that the atrial fibrillation group is distinctly higher compared to the sinus rhythm group, with values remaining between 25 and 39, which is a significant advantage compared to other methods.
DeepNet-Based 3D Visual Servoing Robotic Manipulation
Authors: Al-Shanoon Abdulrahman , Wang Yanjun , Lang Haoxiang
Published: March 2022

The fourth industrial revolution (industry 4.0) demands high-autonomy and intelligence robotic manipulators. The goal is to accomplish autonomous manipulation tasks without human interventions. However, visual pose estimation of target object in 3D space is one of the critical challenges for robot-object interaction. Incorporating the estimated pose into an autonomous manipulation control scheme is another challenge. In this paper, a deep-ConvNet algorithm is developed for object pose estimation. Then, it is integrated into a 3D visual servoing to achieve a long-range mobile manipulation task using a single camera setup. The proposed system integrates (1) deep-ConvNet training using only synthetic single images, (2) 6DOF object pose estimation as sensing feedback, and (3) autonomous long-range mobile manipulation control. The developed system consists of two main steps. First, a perception network trains on synthetic datasets and then efficiently generalizes to real-life environment without postrefinements. Second, the execution step takes the estimated pose to generate continuous translational and orientational joint velocities. The proposed system has been experimentally verified and discussed using the Husky mobile base and 6DOF UR5 manipulator. Experimental findings from simulations and real-world settings showed the efficiency of using synthetic datasets in mobile manipulation task.
Efficacy Analysis of DSA-Guided Bronchial Arterial Chemoembolization Interventional Therapy in Patients with Middle-Advanced Primary Bronchial Lung Cancer
Authors: Cao Haili , Jin Shuqiang , Bai Bin
Published: March 2022

Objective. To investigate the clinical efficacy of digital subtraction angiography- (DSA-) guided bronchial arterial chemoembolization (BACE) in patients with primary bronchial lung cancer. Methods. A total of 178 patients with primary intermediate and advanced bronchial lung cancer admitted to our hospital from February 2019 to March 2020 were selected as the subjects, and they were divided into control group (84 cases) and observation group (94 cases) according to the different chemotherapy regimens adopted by the patients. The control group was treated with traditional perfusion chemotherapy, and the observation group was treated with DSA-guided BACE interventional therapy, treated for 4 cycles, and followed up until the end of June 2021. The short-term clinical efficacy, hemoptysis remission, and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. The mortality and recurrence rates between the two groups from treatment to the end of follow-up were counted, and the quality of life after treatment and 1 year after treatment were compared. Results. The short-term remission rate (73.40% vs. 58.33%), disease control rate (93.62% vs. 84.52%), hemoptysis remission rate (75.00% vs. 41.51%), the quality of life after chemotherapy cycle (

90.86
±
2.55

vs.

78.04
±
2.21

), and the quality of life after 1 year of follow-up (

85.68
±
2.23

vs.

70.27
±
1.72

) in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). The incidence of adverse reactions (9.57% vs. 20.24%), mortality (10.64% vs. 21.43%), and recurrence rate (11.70% vs. 27.38%) during the follow-up period in the observation group were significantly lower than those in control group, and the differences were statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. DSA-guided BACE interventional therapy for patients with primary middle-advanced bronchial lung cancer has significant efficacy, which can not only reduce the mortality and recurrence rate of patients but also improve the quality of life of patients, with fewer adverse reactions and high safety, which is worthy of promotion.
Artificial Triangular Points by Lorentz Force in the Restricted Three-Body Problem
Authors: Mostafa A. , Yousef M. A. , El-Saftawy M. I.
Published: March 2022

The restricted three body problem was outlined. The acceleration due to planetary magnetic field, in terms of space craft’s orbital elements, was analysed. The conditions for calculating the liberation points including the mutual gravitational attraction and the effect of Lorentz acceleration were derived for the case of circular planer restricted three bodies. The stability of the solution for the artificial Lorentz triangular liberation points was studied. Finally, numerical investigation for the case of Sun-Jupiter system was calculated as case study. The results show the ability of changing the position of the triangular liberation points by an order from 10−7 to 10−6 for the dimensionless x, y coordinates and distance r from Jupiter. This is equivalent to about hundreds of Kilometers which is considerable.
Challenges and Opportunities for the Agricultural Producers in Sinana District in Reflection of COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Abebe Meskerem , Legesse Alemayehu , Gadisa Fekadu , Hussen Munira
Published: March 2022

Introduction. Analyzing the effect of COVID-19 is an important issue in agricultural sectors. However, such analysis requires a complex hierarchical statistical model. Rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the world’s production and productivity in many sectors. Among those sectors, the agricultural sector is highly affected. The Bale zone in the larger extent and Sinana district, in particular, is one of the potential agricultural areas in the Oromia regional state, Ethiopia where agriculture is the major sector in supporting the livelihood of thousands of subsistence farmers in the area as well as the country at large. Research Methodology. This study involved primary data collected from the farmers in the Sinana district during the period 2020–2021. A total of 991 farmers were selected from the entire 22 kebeles in the district. The data were analyzed using multilevel binary logistic random intercept regression models with maximum-likelihood parameter estimation. Results. Of the 991 farmers, 549 (55.4%) responded that COVID-19 has brought only challenges in their agricultural production and 311 (31.4%) responded both challenges and opportunities. About 632 (63.8%) of the farmers said that there was wastage of products such as milk, dairy, fruits, and vegetables. Three hundred twenty-eight (33.1%) of the participants obtained modernization in their agricultural production system like use of tractors and irrigation systems. According to the model results, farmer’s sex, age, educational level, family size, farmland size, types of effect, aggravation in food insecurity, input delay, lack of workers, slowdown of service, falling in income, modernization in the system of production, wastage of product, and types of wasted products were identified as significant factors. About 8% of the total variability in the effect of COVID-19 is due to differences across kebeles (ICC = 0.08,

P

value ≤0.05), and the remaining is due to individual differences. Conclusion. This study further demonstrated the potential of a hierarchical model for the study of COVID-19 effect variation within and between the kebeles. The majority, about 92% variation in the effect, is due to the disparity of individuals (farmers). The farmers with large family sizes and high capacity to produce and who were females were negatively related to the effect of COVID-19 in agricultural production.
Acute Liver Failure following a Single Dose of Atezolizumab, as Assessed for Causality Using the Updated RUCAM
Authors: Tzadok Roie , Levy Sharon , Aouizerate Jessie , Shibolet Oren
Published: March 2022

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have become major therapeutic agents in oncology over the last few years. However, they are associated with a variety of potentially severe autoimmune phenomena. We present a patient with advanced adenocarcinoma of the lung, who presented with acute liver injury two weeks following his first treatment with atezolizumab, rapidly deteriorating to fulminant liver failure. A thorough evaluation of infectious, vascular, metabolic, and autoimmune etiologies did not yield any results. Liver pathology was nonspecific. Using RUCAM as a causality assessment method indicated probable connection between atezolizumab and liver damage. To our knowledge, this is the first documented report of a patient developing acute liver failure shortly after immune checkpoint inhibitor initiation.
The Auxiliary Function of Intelligent Mobile Robot in the Standard Training of Children’s Sports Movement
Authors: Liu Kai , Guo Cheng
Published: March 2022

Mobile robots belong to mechanical devices. Mobile robots are commanded by humans and restricted by the principles established by artificial intelligence technology, mainly to assist humans in dangerous tasks. Intelligent mobile robot is a system that integrates perception, analysis, and decision-making, and it integrates a number of high-end technologies. It is currently the most active field of technological development. Infant sport is essentially a process of cultivating and caring for the physical fitness of children. This article aims to explore the auxiliary role of intelligent mobile robots in the standard training of children’s sports movements. The physique of the early childhood stage is closely related to the entire life stage. Once there is a deviation in the early childhood training stage, there will be very serious consequences. Therefore, the mobile intelligent robot is combined with children’s physical training, and it is expected that it will give correct guidance to improve children’s physical fitness. This article briefly designs the mobile robot, uses two independent wheels and a robotic arm with degrees of freedom, and analyzes the forward and inverse kinematics of the chassis and the robotic arm, which provides a theoretical basis for the design of the control algorithm. This article will focus on the training of children’s sports, explore the current deficiencies in children’s sports, and analyze the reasons and the role that intelligent mobile robots can provide in sports training. The experimental results in this paper show that the balance ability of children standing on one foot with eyes open is mainly distributed in the second, third, and fourth levels. Among them, the second level has the largest number of people, accounting for 52%, the third level accounts for 27%, the fourth level accounts for 22%, and the other levels are less distributed. When the intelligent mobile robot assists children’s movement, the child’s balance ability is generally distributed in the fourth and fifth levels. Among them, the fourth level has the largest number of people, accounting for 52%, followed by the fifth level, accounting for 26%, and the third level accounting for 14%. This shows that the intelligent mobile robot is effective in guiding the movement of young children.
Invulnerability Analysis and Optimization Strategy of Sector Network Using Cascading Failure Model
Authors: Liang Haijun , Lu Jingyu , Chen Nan
Published: March 2022

Resolving the challenge of flight delays caused by air traffic congestion renders it necessary to explore the mode of congestion propagation. By applying complex network theory, this article establishes a complex network structure where airspace sectors act as nodes, and the edges represent traffic flow relationships between sectors. In addition, a cascading failure model is proposed to analyze the airspace sector network’s invulnerability. The critical threshold and the sector abnormality rate are determined according to the cascading failure measurement indexes. Based on the remaining capacity of sector nodes, two optimization strategies are proposed: adjacent load redistribution strategy and local load redistribution strategy. The simulation results demonstrate that the local load redistribution strategy greatly improves the airspace sector network’s invulnerability to cascading failure.