bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O lugar social e político da diversidade étnica nos processos de descentralização política em Moçambique
Authors: Campos Luciana Martins
Published: January 2021

Temáticas sobre identidades étnicas e seus diálogos com a consolidação do Estado-nação e o fortalecimento da cultura democrática continuam a dominar as discussões políticas sobre a África Subsaariana. O apelo a sentimentos étnicos e a importância dos poderes tradicionais para o tecido social rural emergem nos jogos políticos regionais e nacionais, quanto ao acesso ao poder e aos recursos governamentais, o que pode potencializar clivagens regionais, religiosas e espaciais associadas à identidade de pertencimento étnico. Ao mesmo tempo, há o desafio de compreender os processos de construção de espaços políticos e as lógicas de sociabilidade no âmbito do poder tradicional, que indicam novas possibilidades de legitimação e de refundação do político.
Raça e etnicidade em Stuart Hall e seu lugar nas ciências sociais brasileiras
Authors: Borda Erik W B
Published: January 2021

Os Estudos Culturais surgem na Grã-Bretanha do pós-guerra como um movimento intelectual que buscava tratar de um novo modo a “cultura”. Entre os principais autores que se encontravam na formação desse movimento está o jamaicano Stuart Hall, objeto de minha pesquisa de iniciação científica realizada em 2014. Este trabalho tem como meta apresentar os resultados principais dessa investigação, ao mesmo tempo em que visa a lançar uma perspectiva sobre a apropriação da obra do autor pelas áreas da Sociologia e Antropologia no Brasil
Quando eu estava lá, ela não estava - Sobre as secreções uma vez perdidas na noite
Authors: Gordon Lewis R.
Published: January 2021

LEWIS R. GORDON Traduzido por: Deivison Mendes Faustino, Dionisio da Silva Pimenta e José Ricardo Marques dos Santos.
A migracao internacional como dimensao de trabalho: O papel das remessas na America Latina
Authors: Davies Julio D'Angelo
Published: January 2021

Resumo: Neste artigo, são apresentados e discutidos  resultados recentes do volume internacional de remessas, com atenção especial para a América Latina e, mais particularmente, para o Brasil, país com o maior declínio de remessas recebidas entre 2014 e 2013. Em termos regionais, a América Latina ainda não recuperou o patamar de remessas pré-2008, ano de forte crise internacional. As remessas internacionais sozinhas são bem superiores ao volume total de investimento estrangeiro na região, evidenciando a importância das remessas para a sobrevivência de milhões de pessoas. Considerando os dados regionais e, tomando o caso do município de Governador Valadares (MG), este artigo propõe reflexões sobre os impactos positivos e negativos nos países receptores e questiona até que ponto tais remessas estimulam o desenvolvimento das economias locais e até que ponto estas economias poderiam crescer mais, caso outras estratégias fossem adotadas.
A (Re) Construção De Uma “Nova” Modalidade de Trabalho Denominada “Pejotização” No Contexto Sociocultural Brasileiro
Authors: Orbem Juliani Veronezi
Published: January 2021

O artigo visa compreender uma “nova” modalidade de trabalho denominada “pejotização” e como esta foi (re) construída no contexto social e cultural brasileiro.  A “pejotização” pode ser compreendida como uma relação de trabalho na qual o trabalhador, pessoa física, para ocupar o posto de trabalho em uma empresa deverá constituir uma pessoa jurídica e, assim, prestará serviços personalíssimos na empresa utilizando um contrato de prestação de serviços de natureza civil, sem a incidência de qualquer direito trabalhista.
Belo Monte et la continuation du projet colonial en Amazonie
Authors: Kahwage Yussef Suleiman
Published: January 2021

Cet article se penche sur la construction du barrage Belo Monte sur le fleuve Xingu en Amazonie brésilienne, et sur les intérêts autour de ce projet. Le projet Belo Monte est analysé du point de vue de la continuation des relations coloniales entre l'État-nation brésilien et les peuples autochtones de la région amazonienne. Avec des outils d'interprétation des relations coloniales tels que le consensus des matières premières, le colonialisme interne et le mythe du terra nullius, nous présentons un aperçu des contradictions politiques à l'origine de l'expansion portugaise et brésilienne en Amazonie, et suggérons la persistance d'une structure politique coloniale à la base sur du projet Belo Monte.
Os saberes médicos na jurisprudência estadual recente sobre retificação registral de transexuais
Authors: Moura Maria Luiza
Published: January 2021

A pesquisa investiga as principais categorias mobilizadas por desembargadores dos tribunais estaduais quando da fundamentação jurídica de julgados cujo pleito é a retificação registral de sexo ou sexo e nome de travestis e transexuais. A metodologia usada foi a análise documental em perspectiva quanti-quali por meio do recurso à pesquisa jurisprudencial de acórdãos selecionados cuja amostra abrange, de modo proporcional, todos os Estados federados. Os resultadossugerem que os operadores do Direito utilizam-se de categorias médicas de análise para embasar suas decisões a fim de dar-lhes a aparência de neutralidade, imparcialidade e autoridade científica que o saber médico passou a deter a partir do Iluminismo.
Reflexões analíticas sobre Estado, Direito e Sociedade Civil: um compêndio da obra
Authors: Braghin Simone
Published: January 2021

Resenha do livro "Ensaios sobre política, direito e sociedade" de Luis Werneck Vianna, publicado em 2015 pela editora Hucitec.
Chamados ao entretenimento: a estratégia do evangelicalismo pentecostal na busca por espaço no e por mercado religioso brasileiro.
Authors: Santos Douglas Souza , Da Silva José Lucas , Moreno Pedro Augusto Ceregatti
Published: January 2021

Sabe-se, de acordo com os dados dos últimos censos demográficos brasileiros (sobretudo de 1980 a 2010), que as vertentes evangélicas pentecostais estão entre as experiências religiosas que mais crescem no campo religioso do país. Caracterizadas pelo forte apelo ao emocionalismo, as igrejas pentecostais se inscrevem numa gama de religiões conversionistas que tem usado o entretenimento como uma de suas principais ferramentas proselitistas. Olhando para casos específicos de denominações pentecostais, especialmente para a em processo de implementação no Brasil, a transnacional Igreja Hillsong, o presente trabalho busca relacionar tal estratégia à busca de espaço no e por mercado religioso.
A intersecção entre Religião e Política no Brasil: entrevista com Carlos Eduardo Procópio
Authors: Placeres Giulliano
Published: January 2021

Carlos Eduardo Procópio estudou na Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, onde se graduou em Ciências Sociais e obteve os títulos de Mestre em Ciência da Religião e Doutor em Ciências Sociais, sob a orientação de Marcelo Camurça. Atualmente é professor no Departamento de Humanidades do IFSP e está vinculado como pesquisador no NEREP/UFSCAR, NER/UFG e ORLA/UNILA. É parecerista de várias revistas científicas na área, destacando-se Religião e Sociedade (ISER), Ciências Sociais (UNISINOS) e Debates do NER (UFRGS). Suas pesquisas, publicadas em eventos e revistas, tratam da relação entre carismáticos católicos e política no Brasil. Na entrevista gentilmente cedida ao dossiê, debatemos debatemos a intersecção entre religião e política no Brasil
Ao leste do Éden: migrações por amenidade num balneário da costa atlântica uruguaia.
Authors: Cajarville Daniel
Published: January 2021

Este trabalho procura refletir sobre o fenómeno das migrações por amenidade, a partir das manifestações que desta modalidade não-convencional de migração se desdobram para o caso do balneário uruguaio La Paloma e sua àrea de influência. O artigo discute algumas entre as aspirações assinaladas por parte de diferentes migrantes que chegaram à referida área nos últimos anos, assim como aprofunda sobre diversos aspectos vida cotidiana no balneário em relação à sua adaptação a essa região da costa leste uruguaia.
A diferença entre poder sair e poder entrar
Authors: Targioni Paolo
Published: January 2021

SCIORTINO, Giuseppe. Rebus Immigrazione. Bolonha: Il Mulino, 2017, 174 pp.
¿Podemos hablar de legados migratorios? El espacio social transnacional en la migración histórica catalana en Guayaquil (Ecuador)
Authors: Gaitero Francisco Javier Mazeres
Published: January 2021

El artículo muestra la conformación de un espacio social gravitante entre Guayaquily Cataluña a partir de las prácticas transnacionales que desplegaron los migrantescatalanes llegados a Ecuador entre mediados del siglo XIX y el primer tercio delsiglo XX, así como sus descendientes. Se infiere además cómo aquellas prácticastransfronterizas se fueron reificando, conformando un sustrato institucional olegado migratorio que aún hoy día encarna vínculos amplios y duraderos entre lassociedades de origen y destino de aquel flujo. La investigación tiene un recorteetnosociológico e incorpora la exploración de largo recorrido a los estudiosmigratorios transnacionales. Por lo que participa reflexivamente en torno a lastransformaciones societales que envuelven a regiones marcadas por la inflexiónde flujos migratorios estables.
Transbordando as notas de rodapé: apresentação do dossiê
Authors: Camana Ângela , Brandão Luciana Costa
Published: January 2021

Transbordando as notas de rodapé: apresentação do dossiê
La garantía del Comité Europeo de Derechos Sociales: un compromiso real con los derechos sociales
Authors: Arenas Ramiro Mónica
Published: January 2021

La eficacia de los derechos está vinculada a su reconocimiento y, especialmente, a sus mecanismos de protección. El instrumento fundamental y específico, por excelencia, de reconocimiento y protección de los derechos sociales es la Carta Social Europea (CSE). La Carta cuenta con el Comité Europeo de Derechos Sociales (CEDS) como garante de los derechos en ella reconocidos. Su jurisprudencia debería ser un referente para los órganos nacionales y sus decisiones y mecanismos de protección deberían asumirse como vinculantes. Un compromiso real con los derechos sociales pasa por ratificar la Carta y todas las vías de protección ante el CEDS, como las reclamaciones colectivas. En febrero de 2019 el Gobierno español acordó ratificar el texto revisado de la CSE, dejando fuera la posibilidad de las reclamaciones colectivas. La disolución de las Cortes en marzo de 2019 dejó en suspenso tanto la ratificación como la posibilidad de que en sede parlamentaria se hubiera apostado por asumir todas las vías de protección de los derechos sociales, dotándoles de visibilidad, exigibilidad y eficacia, haciendo real la forma social de nuestro Estado. A falta de una vía jurisdiccional coherente a nivel nacional respecto de la eficacia directa de la CSE, el Defensor del Pueblo se vislumbra como el asidero al que agarrarse para hacer valer los derechos sociales reconocidos en nuestro texto constitucional.
The UN committee on Economic, Social and Cultural rights decision in López Albán v. Spain: the need for a proportionality assessment in eviction procedures
Authors: Benito Sánchez Juan Carlos
Published: January 2021

On 30 October 2019, the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights made public its decision in the case of López Albán v. Spain. The case concerned a single mother with six children occupying a vacant apartment owned by a financial entity out of necessity, after being excluded from the possibility of obtaining public housing. The family was eventually evicted without adequate alternative accommodation. The Committee found that this eviction violated the right to adequate housing enshrined in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. This article summarises the case, provides a contextual analysis in light of recent developments, makes a comparison with the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, and notes some legal avenues the Committee could explore in future decisions.
La contratación irregular de los empleados del servicio del hogar familiar
Authors: Rodríguez Crespo Maria José
Published: January 2021

La precariedad laboral que caracteriza el trabajo doméstico tiene en la contratación irregular de los empleados/as de hogar uno de sus pilares. El ingreso irregular en el mercado laboral se está viendo favorecido por la aparición de nuevos agentes implicados en la contratación de estos trabajadores que, en ocasiones, actúan al margen de la legalidad. El presente estudio se centra, en primer lugar, en el análisis de los supuestos problemáticos que giran actualmente en torno a la contratación irregular, ya sea por la externalización de actividades de trabajo doméstico a través de empresas de servicios o por la realización de prácticas abusivas que degeneran en precariedad laboral. En segundo lugar, se delimitan las consecuencias que para los implicados (empleados y empleadores) tienen las actuaciones realizadas. Y, en tercer lugar, se proponen mejoras legislativas que permitan eliminar los abusos que supone la contratación irregular de estos trabajadores.
Analysis of Joint School Section Practice of Private School under Universal Basic Education in Nigeria
Authors: Bello Muhinat Bolanle
Published: January 2021

This study examined the threat pose by schools operating a joint section under UBE to academic activities of both the pupils and students. The research method adopted for this study is the qualitative descriptive design of survey type. Upper basic school I, II, and III students of 15 purposively selected schools operating joint section Universal Basic Education System in Ilorin metropolis were selected for the study. Researchers-designed structured interviews with content validity and 0.77 reliability index of the instrument was the only instrument used to elicit the needed data from the respondents. The findings of the study revealed that: upper basic school students were seriously distracted the students it is meant to cater for in many ways. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that; the same time should be allocated to both sections for both school activities since they use the same compound to decrease distraction and confusion of the students or better still, sections should be structured in different locations to reduce overpopulation in the compound thereby making teaching and learning more effective.
The Scale of Archaic Words in the Lexicon of Alisher Navoi’s Historical Works
Authors:   Lecturer, Department of Methods of Teaching the Uzbek Language Jizzakh State Pedagogical Institute named after A. Qodiriy, Abduvaliyeva Dr. Dilnoza Akramovna
Published: January 2021

The contribution of the great poet Alisher Navoi to the development, improvement and progress of the ancient Uzbek literary language is incomparable. The Turkish language has acquired a high status thanks to his works. The lexicon used in the work of the thinker, to some extent, serves as the basis for determining the lexicon of the Old Uzbek literary language. Historical works of the author, such as “Tarihi Muluki Ajam” and “Tarihi Anbiyo va Hukamo”, were selected as the object of research. The article analyzes archaic words in the vocabulary of the mentioned historical works. Archaic words in the vocabulary of historical works are taken not for a time, but for the period in which the works were created (XV century). Archaisms in the lexicon of historical works are determined on the basis of the state and development of lexical units in synonymous relations, and this is scientifically substantiated.
Restrukturisasi Budaya Hukum Kejaksaan Dalam Penuntutan Sebagai Independensi di Sistem Peradilan Pidana Indonesia
Authors: Appludnopsanji Appludnopsanji , Pujiyono Pujiyono
Published: January 2021

The position of the prosecutor's office which is under two powers namely executive and judiciary causes the prosecutor's office to become an institution that is not independent and free, thus causing blemishes to commit fraud by prosecutors. This study aims to find out how the reality of the independence of prosecutors in prosecution and know how the cultural rearrangement for prosecutors in prosecution as a process of the criminal justice system. Research methods The research method uses normative research through a conceptual approach and a statue approach. The results showed that the ambiguous position of the prosecutor made the prosecutor hesitant in carrying out their duties, was not independent and was not free and there was a judicial mafia. With regard to this condition, re-structuring of the prosecutor's independence in prosecution is needed. This is intended so that the prosecutor's office becomes an independent institution by integrally restructuring the legal culture together with other criminal justice sub-systems through a religious approach, contextual approach and comparative approach
Delayed Contrast Enhancement On Cardiac MRI In a CASE of Steinert Disease: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Cardiology, Dr. Nélio Mendonça Hospital, Portugal, Santos Marina , Pereira Andreia ,   Department of Cardiology, Dr. Nélio Mendonça Hospital, Portugal, Drumond António ,   Department of Cardiology, Dr. Nélio Mendonça Hospital, Portugal
Published: January 2021

Type 1 myotonic dystrophy (Steinert’s disease) is a genetic syndrome characterized by progressive muscular weakness and multisystemic repercussions. Cardiac conduction abnormalities are frequently seen, but the incidence of dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure seems to be less common. Current evidence suggests that subclinical cardiomyopathy can be demonstrated by means of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI). We present a 31-year-old man with genetically established muscular dystrophy 1 and no signs of cardiac involvement. CMRI revealed intramyocardial and pericardial contrast uptake in some regions. The meaning of these findings should be investigated in order to understand and prevent future complications.
The Chronic Stenosis of the Internal Jugular Veins as a Cause of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors:   Cardiovascular Department, Ligurian High Specialty Clinical Institute, Rapallo (Genoa) GVM Care & Research, Spagnolo Salvatore , Barbato Luciano ,   Cardiovascular Department ,Maria Pia Hospital,Torino GVM Care & Research, Grasso Maria Antonietta ,   Cardiovascular Department, Ligurian High Specialty Clinical Institute, Rapallo (Genoa) GVM Care & Research
Published: January 2021

Recent perfusion-weighted imaging studies have shown that two clinical pictures characterize multiple sclerosis: intermittent focal inflammatory demyelination and diffuse progressive axonal degeneration. Their etiopathogenesis is not known. We hypothesize that a chronic obstacle to the outflow of blood from the brain can cause these two clinical pictures. We had already shown angiographically that the stenosis of the internal jugular vein causes a systemic-cerebral shunt and a reversal of the venous circulation brain and gives rise to the new circuit that directly connects the superior vena cava system to the straight sinus. This new circuit can cause the BBB to break and new plaques to form. The introduction of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in cardiac surgery has made it possible to demonstrate that obstruction of the superior vena cava is capable of causing cerebral hypoperfusion, responsible for the progressive degeneration of axons. To confirm the relationship between superior vena cava syndrome and cerebral hypoperfusion, in 35 of the152 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and jugular vein stenosis, operated on the plastic of jugular vein enlargement, we measured oxygen saturation in the brain. Material and Methods To measure changes in the oxygen saturation of regional brain tissue (rctSO2) before, during and after clamping the jugular veins, we applied two sensors in the left and right frontal region, and we connected them to a biosignal recorder (Invos-5100 system). Results Closing or opening the IJV produced significant changes in the rctSO2 values. Before clamping, saturations varied between 77% - 78%, while during clamping they decreased reaching values between 48% - 58% (p <0, 05). After declamping, the rctSO2 returned to its starting values. These results confirmed that obstruction of the jugular veins causes a significant reduction in rctSO2 values and cerebral hypoperfusion. Conclusions In MS patients, chronic jugular veins stenosis generates two different clinical pictures: Diffuse cerebral hypoperfusion, documented by the lowering of rctSO2. Systemic-cerebral shunt and inversion of cerebral venous circulation capable of causing a breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB)
The Effect of Digoxin on Mortality in Congestive Heart Failure Patients in Normal Sinus Rhythm
Authors:   Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health Emory University, Atlanta, GA, Minhas Sheharyar , Minhas Ahmed ,   Department of Medicine Baptist Memorial Hospital, Memphis, TN, Malik Maira ,   Department of Medicine Baptist Memorial Hospital, Memphis, TN
Published: January 2021

Digoxin is an antiarrhythmic medication that has been used to manage chronic heart failure. Despite more than 200 years of research, the role of digoxin in patients with heart failure and sinus rhythm remains controversial. Recent studies have shown digoxin to reduce heart failure associated morbidity without having any effect on mortality. The purpose of our study was to study the impact of digoxin on mortality in heart failure patients in sinus rhythm. Objective • Effect of digoxin on mortality in heart failure patients in sinus rhythm • Study impact of covariates such as age, gender, race, previous MI, and NYHA class Methods: Heart failure patients with LVEF ≤0.45 were randomly assigned to digoxin group (n=3392) or placebo group (n=3401) and were followed on average for 38.4 months. Patients were enrolled at multiple clinical centers in the United States and Canada. Results: In the study, mortality was unaffected. There were 1180 deaths in the digoxin group (34.77%) and 1194 deaths in the placebo group (35.09%). The adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) for the digoxin group compared with placebo group was 0.981 (p=0.6425) which was not statistically significant. The unadjusted median survival time for the placebo group was 58.37 months. The median survival time for the treatment group could was not reported because the group did not reach 50% survival probability during the study. Conclusions: After controlling for age, gender, race, previous MI, and NYHA functional class, we found no difference in the hazard of death between those receiving digoxin and those receiving placebo. Our study demonstrated that digoxin did not reduce the overall mortality and has no survival benefit in the management of chronic heart failure.
SALL4 Expression in Urothelial Carcinoma of Urinary Bladder; a Tissue Microarray Analysis
Authors:   Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Al-Maghrabi Jaudah , Al-Maghrabi Haneen ,   Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Ghanim Ahmad ,   Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Ghanim Ayman ,   Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Published: January 2021

Sal-like protein 4 (SALL4) is a cellular pluripotent embryonic nuclear factor that has been a useful immunohistochemistry marker for germ-cell tumors. Our understanding of SALL4 expression in other human body malignancies remains limited. The diagnostic value of SALL4 expression as an independent diagnostic marker for patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma remains unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the relation of SALL4 immunostaining in urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma and normal bladder urothelial tissue with clinicopathological diagnostic parameters. Material and methods: Three hundred and seventy cases of bladder urothelial carcinomas and 22 non-neoplastic bladder urothelial tissues were obtained from the Department of Pathology at King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Tissue microarrays were constructed. Tissue sections were stained using anti-human SALL4 monoclonal antibody. The immunostaining results were recorded and analyzed. Results: SALL4 exhibited weak nuclear expression in only 6 out of 370 cases of bladder urothelial carcinomas (1.6%). All the SALL4-positive cases were high-grade tumors. Normal urothelial tissues were all completely negative. SALL4 immunostaining revealed no association with gender, age, tumor invasiveness, stage, lymphovascular invasion, regional lymph node metastasis, or distant metastasis. Conclusion: SALL4 is rarely expressed in bladder urothelial carcinoma and is typically limited to high-grade tumors. However, this immunoexpression must be kept in mind when applying SALL4 antibody for differentiating urothelial carcinomas from germ-cell tumors and when assessing metastatic poorly differentiated tumors of unknown origin.
Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Patient Suffering from Sigmoid Colon Cancer (Case Report)
Authors:   Post Rn BScN (Aga khan university Karachi), RN, BA (Sociology), Charge Nurse in Civil hospital kalam Swat, Pakistan, Uddin Imran
Published: January 2021

The patients suffering from cancers receive different types of treatments like chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery. Those patients who receive chemotherapy exhibit different side effects due to it. The most common side effects are nausea and vomiting. In this paper it is explored that, what is sigmoid colon cancer, what are its causes and symptoms. In addition, the nursing physical assessment and nursing care plane is explored in a logical way. Moreover, in the last of the paper some recommendations are given to improve the nursing care skills of nurses.
General Genetic Analysis of the COVID19 Pandemic
Authors:   Clinical Geneticist, Martínez Celia Cantón , Restrepo Cesar ,   General and Oncology Surgeon, Complejo Hospitalario Metropolitan de la Caja del Seguro Social, Republic of Panama
Published: January 2021

COVID-19 pandemic has introduced a shift in accepted and routine handling of elective cases in hospital administration. This shift introduced a delay in the treatment of all non-COVID-19 cases, including cancer patients. Usually, non-complicated cases of cancer do not require immediate surgery, but procrastination is not an option. The pandemic is taking a longer time to be defeated as previously thought, and medical infrastructure is overwhelmed in many countries. Therefore, procrastination for non-COVID-19 cases became a reality. To this, we must add that there are specific cancer problems that require urgent resolution. The problem is having a heavy toll on almost all the involved continents. South and Central America are no exception. Unfortunately, South and Central America do not have all the resources available to the developed world, and this makes the issue of timely cancer surgery even more troublesome. A distressed hospital system needs a systematic approach to deliver cancer care in time. This paper has the intention to show the genomic impact of the severity of this new disease.
Pathophysiology and Gastrointestinal Impacts of Parasitic Helminths in Human Beings
Authors:   Dilla University, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Biology, Dilla, Ethiopia, P. O. Box 419, Hailu Firew Admasu , Tafesse Geremew ,   Dilla University, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Biology, Dilla, Ethiopia, P. O. Box 419, Hailu Tsion Admasu ,   Addis Ababa Medical and Business College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Published: January 2021

This study mainly focus on the major pathologic manifestations of human gastrointestinal impacts of parasitic worms. Background: Helminthes and protozoan are human parasites that can infect gastrointestinal tract of humans beings and reside in intestinal wall. Protozoans are one celled microscopic, able to multiply in humans, contributes to their survival, permits serious infections, use one of the four main modes of transmission (direct, fecal-oral, vector-borne, and predator-prey) and also helminthes are necked multicellular organisms, referred as intestinal worms even though not all helminthes reside in intestines. However, in their adult form, helminthes cannot multiply in humans and able to survive in mammalian host for many years due to their ability to manipulate immune response. Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess the main pathophysiology and gastrointestinal impacts of parasitic worms in human being. Methods: Both primary and secondary data were collected using direct observation, books and articles, and also analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively following standard scientific methods. Results and conclusion: Parasites are organisms living temporarily in or on other organisms called host like human and other animals. Gastrointestinal parasitic helminthes have medical importance and live as endoparasites of human and other animals as host. Such pathogenic parasitic helminths are hookworms (Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus), pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis), roundworm [(Ascaris lumbricoides) and lymphatic filariasis (Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia timori)], whipworm (Trichuris trichiura), threadworm (Strongyloides stercoralis), heartworms (Dirofilaria immitis), and Guinea worm (Drancunculus medinensis). In addition, intestinal worms can transmit via fecal-oral route, direct contact with infected persons, zoonotic transmission, skin penetration, oral and anal sex, ingestion of contaminated food or water, etc and also factors that promote its transmission includes hot and humid climate, high population density, poor personal hygiene, presence of insects as vectors for carriers of parasites, limited economic resources and some social cultural habits. However, its prevention strategies include use of proper sewage disposal methods, consumption of clean and treated safe drinking water and food, proper hygiene, etc and the main treatment of antihelminthic medications include albendazole, metronidazole, diethylcarbamazine, etc as suggested by physician. Therefore, due to intestinal parasites can be easily transmit and cause great economic, health and social problems, and so prevention methods are greatly advisable.
Comparative Antibacterial Study of Oenothera biennis Seeds Extract and Vancomycin Against Staphylococcus aureus in Vitro
Authors: Errum Anila
Published: January 2021

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Evaluation of Urinary Gamma Glutamyl Transferase as an Early Biomarker of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Hameed Shazia
Published: January 2021

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Knowledge and Attitude Towards Down Syndrome Among People in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: H Mohammed
Published: January 2021

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Frequency and Features of Sleep Paralysis Among Medical Students of Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore
Authors: Bilal Kulsum
Published: January 2021

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Protective Effect of Cucumis melo linn Seeds in Comparison with Allopurinol Against Oxidative Kidney Damage by Ethylene Glycol in Rats
Authors: Suhail Bushra
Published: January 2021

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Comparative Effect of Cinnamon and Garlic Aqueous Extract on Liver Enzymes and Electrolytes Homeostasis in Experimental Rats
Authors: Noori Shafaq
Published: January 2021

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Knowledge about Oral Health and Diseases in Public School Teachers of Lahore
Authors: Khan Salsbeel
Published: January 2021

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Oral Health Status of Psychiatric Patients Among the Residents of Lahore
Authors: Rehman Saeed ur
Published: January 2021

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Anti-Obesity and Hypolipidemic Effects of Ajwa Date Seed Compared to Simvastatin in Butter Fed Dyslipidemic Rats
Authors: Sultan Farooq
Published: January 2021

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Evaluation of Renal Function Parameters in
Normotensive and Pre-Eclamptic Pregnant Women at
Different Stages of Pregnancy
Authors: Mukhtar Farhana
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Pre-eclampsia is one of the most common causes of maternal and fetal complications in
developing countries. Owing to its multisystem involvement, hypertension and proteinuria in pre-eclamptic
women may lead to acute or chronic renal failure. Early diagnosis is vital to avoid this organ failure. Aims &
Objectives: To assess renal function by measuring and comparing four renal function parameters including
Blood urea Nitrogen (BUN),serum creatinine, creatinine clearance and 24-hr urinary protein in pre-eclamptic
and normotensive pregnant women at different stages of pregnancy. Place and duration of study: This
prospective and observational study was conducted in 2009 at Shaikh Zayed Hospital. The patients were
taken from Gynae and Obstetrics OPD, with 24 weeks of gestation. Material & Methods: In this study, 25
normotensive Controls and 25 pre-eclamptic pregnant women (cases) were included. Serum and urinary
samples were taken at 24 weeks, 28 weeks, 32 weeks of gestation as well as at term (38 weeks). Blood urea
nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, spot urinary protein and urinary creatinine were measured by clinical
Chemistry Auto analyzer Dimension AR. Whereas, 24 hours urinary protein and creatinine clearance were
calculated later. Results: BUN level of cases were significantly high as compared to controls at 32 weeks and
at term (p<0.01) however creatinine clearance was found to be significantly low (p>0.05) in pre-elamptic
women only at 38 weeks. Apart from other results, 24-hours urinary protein was found to be significantly high
(p<0.05) in pre-eclamptic women as compared to normotensive women at all stages of pregnancy.
Conclusion: Our study showed that BUN, Creatinine clearance and most importantly 24-hr urinary protein
may be used to assess the renal function in relation with the severity of pre-eclampsia.
Key words: Pre-eclampsia, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), Proteinuria.
Effects of Commiphora mukul, Withania somnifera
and Thyroxine on Thyroid Profile in Murine Model
of Hypothyroidism
Authors: Zulfiqar Tehreem
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Thyroid disorders, especially hypothyroidism are on the rise these days due to unhealthy
lifestyle and nutritional deficiencies which calls for research in this domain. Monotherapy with thyroxine is
considered the main line of treatment up till now but besides its beneficial role in normalizing thyroid
hormone levels, it has serious cardiac effects which leads to the search of safer natural remedies. Commiphora
mukul and Withanias omnifera are considered two such plants with beneficial role in correcting T3 and T4
levels respectively. However keeping in mind the diagnostic importance of TSH, the effects of these phyto
extracts on TSH levels needs to be established. Aims & Objectives: So the present study is designed to
explore the effects of Ethanolic extract of Commiphora mukul (CMEE) and Withania somnifera (WSEE) on
T3, T4 and TSH levels keeping thyroxine as a gold standard in murine model of hypothyroidism. Place and
duration of study: This study was carried out in the animal house of PGMI, Lahore. Total duration of study
was 38 days. Material & Methods: 50 female rats were divided into 5 groups. G-1 the control group. G-2
received methimazole 60mg/kg/day for 21 days in order to induce hypothyroidism and left untreated for self
recovery & G3-5 were induced with methimazole in the same way. After induction all the groups were treated
for 15 days, G-3: CMEE 0.2g/kg/day orally, G4: WSEE 1.4g/kg/day orally and G-5 received the gold
standard Thyroxin 0.6μg/100gm BW S/C. Thyroid function tests were performed in all groups on Day 1,
repeated on Day 22 after methimazole administration and on Day 38 following completion of treatment.
Results: The results showed that both CMEE and WSEE corrected T3 and T4 levels to significant extent.
CMEE had more effect on T3 levels whereas WSEE corrected T4 levels more. TSH levels were also reverted
to normal showing the potential of both these extracts to correct TSH besides T3, T4 levels. Conclusion: This
proves that these extracts may play a significant role in correcting thyroid profile (T3, T4 & TSH) if used
clinically for the treatment of hypothyroidism. However, clinical research is highly recommended in this
domain.
Key words: Commiphora mukul, Withania somnifera, hypothyroidism, thyroxine.
Histological Study of Commiphora mukul, Withania somnifera and Thyroxine in a Murine Model of Hypothyroidism
Authors: Alam Saadia Shahzad
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder not only in developing countries like Pakistan but also in the developed countries having a prevalence of about 4-5%. Thyroxine remains the gold standard treatment for hypothyroidism but due to its adverse effects, newer and safer phyto alternatives are the need of hour.

Aims & Objectives: Present study was designed to establish effects of Commiphora mukul, and Withania somnifera on thyroid histology in methimazole induced hypothyroidism in order to compare the effects of these plants on thyroid histology with thyroxine.

Place and duration of study: This experimental study was carried out in the animal house of PGMI, Lahore. Total duration of study was 38 days.

Material & Methods: 60 rats were sorted in 6 groups with 10 animals each. G-1 was the control group. G-2 received methimazole 60mg/kg/day for 21 days to induce hypothyroidism and left untreated for self recovery & G3-6 were induced with methimazole in the same way. After induction G3-6 were treated for 15 days except group 2, G-3: Commiphora mukul Ethanolic Extract (CMEE) 0.2g/kg/day orally, G4: Withania somnifera Ethanolic Extract (WSEE) 1.4g/kg/day orally. G-5: CMEE 0.2g/kg/day + WSEE 1.4g/kg/day orally. G-6 received the gold standard Thyroxin 0.6ug/100gm BW S/C. Thyroid was excised for histology at the end i.e at day 38.

Results: Improved thyroid follicular morphology was seen in all treatment groups in their epithelium, colloid content, reversion of chromatin to normal and decreased nuclear pyknosis. However both extract CMEE & WSEE in combination exhibited equi to greater potential than thyroxine 0.6?g/100gm BW alone.

Conclusion: So our study shows that treatment with combination of CMEE 0.2g/kg + WSEE 1.4g/kg orally for 15 days improved thyroid histology significantly which is comparable to gold standard thyroxine proving the potential of this combination to substitute thyroxine.
Epidemic to Pandemic: Just a Matter of Time
Authors: Humayun Ayesha
Published: January 2021

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Diagnostic Significance of Serum Total Bile Acid Levels in Suspected Cases of Obstetric Cholestasis
Authors: Batool Hijab
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP) is significantly associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcome and therefore accurate diagnosis and timely initiation of therapy is of utmost importance.

Aims & Objectives: To find out the diagnostic significance of serum total bile acid measurement in suspected cases of obstetric cholestasis.

Place and duration of study: It was a cross sectional study conducted in the Department of Clinical Chemistry and Immunology, Chughtai Institute of Pathology from July 2018 to February 2019.

Material & Methods: Two hundred pregnant females whose serum total bile acid (TBA) was determined were included in the study. Pregnant females with cholestasis due to medical reasons other than ICP were excluded from the study. The patients were contacted for relevant clinical details which were recorded on a pre-designed proforma. Data was analyzed using SPSS 23.0. Univariate analysis was done to find out percentages and frequencies.

Results: Mean age of 200 pregnant females was 27 years having Mean TBA value of 32.8 ?mol/L. 63% females were primiparous. 197 (98.5%) patients gave the history of pruritus while 193 (96.5%) patients presented with dark urine. Only 30 patients (15%) gave history of using progesterone during pregnancy. Total Bile acid value was >10 ?mol/L for 84 primiparous and 48 multiparous cases (n=132). There was no significant difference in the mean TBA value on the basis of parity, medication, mode of delivery or presence and absence of itch.

Conclusion: ICP is a multi factorial reversible condition and bile acid estimation plays a major role in correct clinical assessment of patients with obstetric cholestasis.
Therapeutic Effects of Canagliflozin and Zinc Sulphate Alone and in Combination on Pancreatic Histology in Type-2 Diabetic Rat Model
Authors: Suhail Bushra
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a common metabolic syndrome characterized by persistently elevated blood glucose levels. Canagliflozin is an SGLT-2 inhibitor that controls hyperglycemia by reducing the reabsorption of filtered glucose and excreting it in the urine. Zinc sulphate exhibits some beneficial role in diabetes mellitus but has not been compared to canagliflozin individually and in combination.

Aims & Objectives: To observe the effects of treatment with canagliflozin and zinc sulphate on pancreatic histology in streptozotocin induced type-2 diabetic rat model.

Place and duration of study: The study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology, KEMU and PGMI, Lahore for the period of two months.

Material & Methods: It was an animal experimental study of eight weeks duration in which 48 adult healthy albino rats of male gender were divided into six groups and were provided the high fat diet throughout the study period. Groups A and B were maintained as healthy and diseased controls respectively. Groups B, C, D, E and F were administered single I/P dose streptozotocin (35mg/kg) at day 22 for inducing diabetes. Upon confirmation of diabetes after a week the rats were further treated as per group designation orally for 4 weeks , individually or in combination with full or half doses of canagliflozin (10 mg /kg/day, 5mg/kg/day ) and zinc sulphate (30mg/kg/day, 15mg/kg/day) . All animals were euthanized at the completion of study duration. The pancreatic tissue was taken out and examined for the histopathological changes (size and number of pancreatic islets, karyolysis and ballooning degeneration).

Results: There was a marked improvement in the size and number of islets as well as the inflammatory changes in the combined treatment group (with canagliflozin in full as well as half dose of zinc sulphate) as compared to the groups given zinc sulphate and canagliflozin separately.

Conclusion: Combined treatment with canagliflozin and zinc sulphate has a better protective effect on the pancreatic tissue in diabetes than either of them used alone.
An Association of Vitamin D Insufficiency with Elevated Serum Uric Acid Levels Among Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Ali Mariya
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Deficiency of vitamin D and raised levels of serum uric acid are considered independent risk factors for causing cardiovascular diseases.

Aims & Objectives: This study was carried out to study Serum Uric acid and Vitamin D levels in postmeopausal women to find association of hypovitaminosis D with hyperuricemia.

Place and duration of study: It was a cross-sectional analytical study. Postmenopausal women more than 55 years of age with BMI between 25-30 kg/m2 were included in the study. The study was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, Shaikh Zayed Federal Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore over a period of six months.

Material & Methods: Eighty subjects were included in this study. They were divided into two groups i-e, normouricemic group and hyperuricemic group based onserum uric acid level.Vitamin D levels of both groups were then measured.

Results: The hyperuricemic group had markedly lower vitamin Dlevels as compared to normouricemic group. Moreover, vitamin D had a negative correlation with uric acid in the hyperuricemic group i-e, higher the uric acid level, lower was vitamin D. Multiple regression analysis was also performed for studying the relation of vitamin D with uric acid levels in the two groups overall. It was observed that one mg/dl increase in uric acid caused an average decrease of 2.43 ng/ml in vitamin D.

Conclusion: It may be concluded from this study that association of hypovitaminosis D with hyperuricemia in postmenopausal women can be used for planning an early intervention to prevent cardiovascular diseases in them.
Clinical Risk Factors Associated with Mortality Among Burn Patients Admitted to Jinnah Burn and Reconstructive Surgery Center, Lahore
Authors: Sakhawat Fatima
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Burn injuries being highly devastating in nature, are associated with extensive morbidity and mortality. Although the incidence of burn injuries is less in developed countries but it is increasing in developing and low income countries.

Aims & Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine clinical risk factors associated with mortality among burn patients.

Place and duration of study: Jinnah Burn and Reconstructive Surgery Center, Lahore from August 2018 till January 2019.

Material & Methods: Data was collected by researchers themselves by studying files of patients. Data analysis was done by using SPSS and Pearson Chi Square test was used to determine association of clinical risk factors with mortality among burn patients.

Results: Out of 200 patients, 137 were males. The Mortality rate was 12.50 %. Cardiopulmonary arrest was the most common cause of death. Sepsis was the most common complication among burn patients. Higher mortality rates were observed among patients with arterial/venous and urinary catheterization done. Higher survival rates were seen in those patients who were treated with debridement, grafting surgeries, Colistin Use and aided by mechanical ventilation.

Conclusion: Aid through mechanical ventilation, grafting surgeries, wound debridement, use of colistin are associated with improved survival outcomes among burn patients. Whereas inhalational injury, arterial/venous catheterization, urinary catheter and sepsis are seen as major predictors of mortality among burn patients
Art by tamara khanum and roza karimova
Authors: Z.S.Safarova
Published: January 2021

We all know how many heartfelt words were said by our outstanding thinkers and poets about a woman, her beauty and tenderness, that she is a symbol of kindness and selflessness, the Keeper of the home. First of all, we once again remember the wise saying of our great ancestor Alisher Navoi "Paradise is at the feet of mothers" and bow down to the sacred image of the Mother with a sense of unpaid duty. A nation that highly values and takes full care of women, creating decent conditions for them, and thus manifests its high culture and spirituality, its unshakable values, certainly deserves the greatest respect.
How to use computer software in organizing practical exercises in physics
Authors: Kholikov Kurbonboy Tuychievich  , Duvlayev Komil Abdirashidovich  , Akhmedova Fazila Erkinovna
Published: January 2021

This article discusses the advantages and virtual exercises performing methods in physics classes using computer applications, and shows how to perform practical exercises with Multisim software using a specific example in the textbook
Using merchandising to increase the efficiency of sales services
Authors: Jiyanmurodov R
Published: January 2021

This paper investigates the major points of the sales services and their improvement using merchandising features. In this case, to increase the efficiency of trade services today research has analyzed both the methodological and theoretical basis of the sales services in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Research has conducted different analyses to provide trade services to the population, to increase the efficiency of the population's need for trade services. The paper concluded with the outcomes and shortcomings of the issue with the suggestions as the whole.
From the history of the development of musical science and the activities of representatives of musical science in Uzbekistan in the first half of the XX century
Authors: Murtazova Sahodat Burievna
Published: January 2021

The article summarizes the development of musical science in Uzbekistan in the first half of the twentieth century, as well as the efforts of representatives of the industry. It also highlights the activities of scientists who worked in this area in the 1920s and 1930s, as well as specialists evacuated to Uzbekistan as a result of World War II.