bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Laser‐Induced Graphene on Carbon Electrodes for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Asgar Md. Ali , Van Tran Chau , Kim Jun , Jin Chengjun , Lee Seongmin , Kim Young Kyu , Lu Xun , In Jung Bin , Kim Seok-min
Published: April 2024

Hierarchical porous carbon materials have received significant attention for application in catalytic water splitting because of their high efficiency, cost‐effectiveness, and biocompatibility. In this study, laser‐induced graphene (LIG) was fabricated on a carbon film‐ (CF‐) type substrate for an efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The LIG‐CF electrode was fabricated via laser‐induced graphitization on a commercial polyimide (PI) film, followed by the pyrolysis of the LIG on the PI film (LIG‐PI). During pyrolysis, the microscopic and material properties of the LIG remained intact, as verified through various characterizations. The as‐prepared all‐carbon electrode was then utilized as an electrode for the HER study in a 1.0 M KOH electrolyte and compared with LIG‐PI and Pt electrodes. In the HER experiments, the optimized LIG‐CF electrode exhibited excellent catalytic performance with zero‐onset potential, and the potentials required to achieve high current densities of 10 and 20 mA/cm2 were 134 and 139 mV (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)), respectively. The excellent performance of the LIG‐CF electrode originates from the hierarchical porous structure of the LIG material, which serves as an electrochemically active site, and carbon substrate that facilitates the fast transport of ions at the electrode/electrolyte interface. Additionally, the carbon substrate shortens the transportation length of electrons which played a significant role for the enhanced performance of the LIG‐CF electrode.
Orofacial Granulomatosis among Pediatric Patients Well Controlled by Corticosteroid Treatment: A Rare Case Series
Authors: Kimura Taku , Sakata Ken-Ichiro , Takezaki Shunichiro , Asaka Takuya , Oshima Shohei , Yanagawa-Matsuda Aya , Kitagawa Yoshimasa
Published: April 2024

Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) is a rare disease entity characterized by nonnecrotizing granulomatous inflammation in the oral and maxillofacial regions, typically characterized by recurrent or persistent edema, primarily in the lips and occasionally in the gingiva. OFG is often associated with Crohn’s disease and sarcoidosis, and an accurate diagnosis requires systemic examination of patients. Pediatric patients possess unique oral conditions where dental plaque rapidly forms, especially during tooth replacement due to tooth crowding. Moreover, controlling oral hygiene can be challenging, rendering it difficult to distinguish plaque‐induced gingivitis from nonplaque‐induced gingivitis. We elucidate the reports of pediatric patients who developed OFG in the lips and/or gingiva alone, which was well controlled through corticosteroid treatment. The patients demonstrated recurrent lips and/or gingival swelling with redness, which failed to improve despite oral health care and treatment with antibiotics and/or corticosteroid ointment. Incision biopsy was performed, which demonstrated granulomatous inflammation. Further systemic examination ruled out Crohn’s disease and sarcoidosis and confirmed OFG diagnosis. Corticosteroid treatment orally or through gargling was administered to the patients, which provided improvement of symptoms after 1 month. As OFG may be associated with intractable diseases, monitoring the patient regularly is crucial. Pediatric patients with OFG require a collaborative approach with pediatricians and pediatric dentists to manage their oral and overall health.
Understanding What Older People Value in the Design of a Community‐Based Healthy Ageing Program, a Qualitative Study
Authors: Robson Kristy , Nott Melissa T. , Cuming Tana , Murphy Kylie , Curtin Michael , Pope Rodney
Published: April 2024

Older people who are wanting to support their own ability to age well may benefit from attending community‐based group programs. However, many of these programs are designed and implemented by health professionals without direct input from older people, which may limit the opportunity to ensure such programs are authentically meeting the needs of this population group. A qualitative approach, using an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), was undertaken with seven (six female and one male) participants, aged between 62 and 80 years to explore the experiences of participating in a pilot Ageing Well Program. Interviews were transcribed and analysed according to IPA principles. Three themes emerged from the analysis of the interview data: (1) The value of focusing on different aspects of ageing; (2) Learning new knowledge; and (3) Transferring skills to everyday life. Participants in the pilot of the Ageing Well Program highlighted that those aspects of the Program, such as the focus on adding value through targeting multiple aspects of ageing, as well as developing strategies to successfully learn, apply, and translate new knowledge into their everyday lives, were beneficial and supported engagement. However, future programs would benefit from the inclusion of clear and coherent written material to provide an aide in remembering the strategies and new information learnt during the Program. Findings support the importance and value of engaging with older people to assist with the development of community‐based programs that are authentically designed to align with the expectations of older people, through a process of quality improvement.
A Modular Trial of Androgen Signaling Inhibitor Combinations Testing a Risk-Adapted Strategy in Patients with Metastatic Castration–Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Aparicio Ana M. , Tidwell Rebecca S.S. , Yadav Shalini S. , Chen Jiun-Sheng , Zhang Miao , Liu Jingjing , Guo Shuai , Pilié Patrick G. , Yu Yao , Song Xingzhi , Vundavilli Haswanth , Jindal Sonali , Zhu Keyi , Viscuse Paul V. , Lebenthal Justin M. , Hahn Andrew W. , Soundararajan Rama , Corn Paul G. , Zurita-Saavedra Amado , Subudhi Sumit K. , Zhang Jianhua , Wang Wenyi , Huff Chad , Troncoso Patricia , Allison James P. , Sharma Padmanee , Logothetis Christopher J.
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

To determine the efficacy and safety of risk-adapted combinations of androgen signaling inhibitors and inform disease classifiers for metastatic castration–resistant prostate cancers.

Patients and Methods:

In a modular, randomized phase II trial, 192 men were treated with 8 weeks of abiraterone acetate, prednisone, and apalutamide (AAPA; module 1) and then allocated to modules 2 or 3 based on satisfactory (≥50% PSA decline from baseline and <5 circulating tumor cell/7.5 mL) versus unsatisfactory status. Men in the former were randomly assigned to continue AAPA alone (module 2A) or with ipilimumab (module 2B). Men in the latter group had carboplatin + cabazitaxel added to AAPA (module 3). Optional baseline biopsies were subjected to correlative studies.

Results:

Median overall survival (from allocation) was 46.4 [95% confidence interval (CI), 39.2–68.2], 41.4 (95% CI, 33.3–49.9), and 18.7 (95% CI, 14.3–26.3) months in modules 2A (n = 64), 2B (n = 64), and 3 (n = 59), respectively. Toxicities were within expectations. Of 192 eligible patients, 154 (80.2%) underwent pretreatment metastatic biopsies. The aggressive-variant prostate cancer molecular profile (defects in ≥2 of p53, RB1, and PTEN) was associated with unsatisfactory status. Exploratory analyses suggested that secreted phosphoprotein 1–positive and insulin-like growth factor–binding protein 2–positive macrophages, druggable myeloid cell markers, and germline pathogenic mutations were enriched in the unsatisfactory group.

Conclusions:

Adding ipilimumab to AAPA did not improve outcomes in men with androgen-responsive metastatic castration–resistant prostate cancer. Despite the addition of carboplatin + cabazitaxel, men in the unsatisfactory group had shortened survivals. Adaptive designs can enrich for biologically and clinically relevant disease subgroups to contribute to the development of marker-informed, risk-adapted therapy strategies in men with prostate cancer.
TABLE 1 from Modeling Myeloma Dissemination In Vitro with hMSC-interacting Subpopulations of INA-6 Cells and Their Aggregation/Detachment Dynamics
Authors: Kuric Martin , Beck Susanne , Schneider Doris , Rindt Wyonna , Evers Marietheres , Meißner-Weigl Jutta , Zeck Sabine , Krug Melanie , Herrmann Marietta , Hartmann Tanja Nicole , Leich Ellen , Rudert Maximilian , Docheva Denitsa , Seckinger Anja , Hose Dirk , Jundt Franziska , Ebert Regina
Published: April 2024

Adhesion and ECM genes (shown in Fig. 6A) were filtered by their association with patient survival (P-adj. < 0.01) and were categorized as continuously downregulated during disease progression
Supplementary Video 2 from Modeling Myeloma Dissemination In Vitro with hMSC-interacting Subpopulations of INA-6 Cells and Their Aggregation/Detachment Dynamics
Authors: Kuric Martin , Beck Susanne , Schneider Doris , Rindt Wyonna , Evers Marietheres , Meißner-Weigl Jutta , Zeck Sabine , Krug Melanie , Herrmann Marietta , Hartmann Tanja Nicole , Leich Ellen , Rudert Maximilian , Docheva Denitsa , Seckinger Anja , Hose Dirk , Jundt Franziska , Ebert Regina
Published: April 2024

Supplementary Video 2
Supplementary Table 1 from Modeling Myeloma Dissemination In Vitro with hMSC-interacting Subpopulations of INA-6 Cells and Their Aggregation/Detachment Dynamics
Authors: Kuric Martin , Beck Susanne , Schneider Doris , Rindt Wyonna , Evers Marietheres , Meißner-Weigl Jutta , Zeck Sabine , Krug Melanie , Herrmann Marietta , Hartmann Tanja Nicole , Leich Ellen , Rudert Maximilian , Docheva Denitsa , Seckinger Anja , Hose Dirk , Jundt Franziska , Ebert Regina
Published: April 2024

Supplementary Table 1
FIGURE 6 from Modeling Myeloma Dissemination In Vitro with hMSC-interacting Subpopulations of INA-6 Cells and Their Aggregation/Detachment Dynamics
Authors: Kuric Martin , Beck Susanne , Schneider Doris , Rindt Wyonna , Evers Marietheres , Meißner-Weigl Jutta , Zeck Sabine , Krug Melanie , Herrmann Marietta , Hartmann Tanja Nicole , Leich Ellen , Rudert Maximilian , Docheva Denitsa , Seckinger Anja , Hose Dirk , Jundt Franziska , Ebert Regina
Published: April 2024

Survival of patients with multiple myeloma regarding the expression levels of adhesion and bone retention genes. A,P-value distribution of genes associated with patient survival (n = 535) depending on high or low expression levels. Red dashed line marks the significance threshold of P-adj = 0.05. Histogram of P values was plotted using a bin width of −log10(0.05)/2. Patients with high and low gene expression were delineated using maximally selected rank statistics (maxstat). B, Survival curves for three genes taken from the list of adhesion genes shown in A, maxstat thresholds defining high and low expression were: CXCL12: 81.08; DCN: 0.75; TGM2: 0.66 normalized counts. C, Gene expression (RNA-seq, n = 873) measured in normalized counts (edgeR) of CXCL12, DCN in BMPC, MGUS, smoldering multiple myeloma (sMM), multiple myeloma (MM), multiple myeloma relapse (MMR), human myeloma cell lines (HMCL). The red dashed line marks one normalized read count. Statistics (A, B): log-rank test; (C): Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney U test. All P values were corrected using the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure.
FIGURE 5 from Modeling Myeloma Dissemination In Vitro with hMSC-interacting Subpopulations of INA-6 Cells and Their Aggregation/Detachment Dynamics
Authors: Kuric Martin , Beck Susanne , Schneider Doris , Rindt Wyonna , Evers Marietheres , Meißner-Weigl Jutta , Zeck Sabine , Krug Melanie , Herrmann Marietta , Hartmann Tanja Nicole , Leich Ellen , Rudert Maximilian , Docheva Denitsa , Seckinger Anja , Hose Dirk , Jundt Franziska , Ebert Regina
Published: April 2024

Functional analysis of MSC-interacting subpopulations (A–C): Functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (from RNA-seq) using Metascape. A, Gene ontology (GO) cluster analysis of gene lists that are unique for MA (left) or nMA (right) INA-6. Circle nodes represent subsets of input genes falling into similar GO term. Node size grows with the number of input genes. Node color defines a shared parent GO term. Two nodes with a similarity score > 0.3 are linked. B, Enrichment analysis of pairwise comparisons between MA subpopulations and their overlaps (arranged in columns). GO terms were manually picked and categorized (arranged in rows). Raw Metascape results are shown in Supplementary Fig. S6. For each GO term, the P values (x axis) and the counts of matching input genes (circle size) were plotted. The lowest row shows enrichment of gene lists from the TRRUST database. C, Circos plots by Metascape. Sections of a circle represent lists of differentially expressed genes. Purple lines connect same genes appearing in two gene lists. ∩: Overlapping groups, MA: MSC-adhering, nMA: non–MSC-adhering, CM: MSC-conditioned medium. D, INA-6 were cocultured on confluent hMSC for 24 or 48 hours, separated by WPSC and subcultured for 48 hours under IL6 withdrawal (n = 6), except the control (IL6 + INA-6; n = 3). Signals were normalized (red line) to INA-6 cells grown without hMSCs and IL6 (n = 3). Statistics (D): Paired t test, two-factor RM-ANOVA. Datapoints represent the mean of four technical replicates. INA-6 were isolated from independent cocultures with hMSCs from 6 unique donors.
FIGURE 2 from Modeling Myeloma Dissemination In Vitro with hMSC-interacting Subpopulations of INA-6 Cells and Their Aggregation/Detachment Dynamics
Authors: Kuric Martin , Beck Susanne , Schneider Doris , Rindt Wyonna , Evers Marietheres , Meißner-Weigl Jutta , Zeck Sabine , Krug Melanie , Herrmann Marietta , Hartmann Tanja Nicole , Leich Ellen , Rudert Maximilian , Docheva Denitsa , Seckinger Anja , Hose Dirk , Jundt Franziska , Ebert Regina
Published: April 2024

Time-lapse analysis of INA-6 detachment from INA-6 aggregates and hMSCs. A, Frequency of observed INA-6 aggregates that did or did not lose INA-6 cell(s). A total of 87 aggregates were evaluated per datapoint. B, Example of a “disseminating” INA-6 aggregate growing on fluorescently (PKH26) stained hMSC (from A–D). Dashed green lines are trajectories of detached INA-6 cells. Scale bar = 50 µm. C–E, Quantitative assessment of INA-6 detachments. A total of 45 detachment events were evaluated per datapoint. Seeding ratio INA-6:MSC = 4:1. C, Most INA-6 cells dissociated from another INA-6 cell and not from an hMSC [F(1, 3) = 298, P-unc = 4.2e-4]. D, Detachment frequency of aggregate size categories. E, Detachment frequency of INA-6 cells detaching as single, pairs or more than three cells. Statistics: (A): Paired t test; (C--E): Paired t test, two-factor RM-ANOVA; Datapoints represent three (A) or four (C–E) independent time-lapse recordings of cocultures with hMSCs from 2 (A) or 3 (C–E) unique donors.
Healthcare Professional’s Knowledge, Awareness, and Attitude toward Patients’ Data Privacy and Security in Clinical Research
Authors: Albabtain Monirah A. , AlOtaibi Dalal , AlMazial Nourah , Aloudah Nouf , Alghosoon Haneen Mohammed , Arafat Amr A.
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The privacy and security of healthcare information are essential to maintaining good patient-physician relationships, protecting individuals’ interests, and respecting their dignity and worth. This study assessed healthcare professionals’ (HCPs) knowledge, awareness, and attitudes toward patients’ data privacy and security in clinical research. Methods: The study consisted of a cross-sectional survey in which 108 HCPs’ awareness and knowledge of HIPAA and NCBE rules and regulations were measured, followed by an in-depth semistructured interview to explore HCPs’ attitudes and perspectives. The study was conducted between January and May 2022. Results: Most participants agreed that the IRB/REC rules and regulations strengthened participants’ trust in the researchers, enhanced confidentiality, and improved the privacy and security of patients’ information. HIPPA knowledge was affected by prior participation in research (β: 1.16; p = 0.001) and NCBE knowledge by working on a research project (β: 0.87; p = 0.001), years of work experience (β: 0.35; p = 0.003), and age (β: −0.28; p = 0.04). Participants believed that the nature of research, involvement of inexperienced persons, and human errors could affect patients’ privacy and security in clinical research, which could be improved by limiting the number of personnel who access the data, continuous education, and sending reminders about the rules and regulations. Conclusions: Patients’ data privacy and security remain vital to clinical research. HCPs realize the role of IRB/REC to maintain data privacy and security. Enrollment of HCPs in clinical research and continuous education could improve HCP knowledge of regulatory rules.
The Comparative Effects of Monotherapy with Topical Minoxidil, Oral Finasteride, and Topical Finasteride in Postmenopausal Women with Pattern Hair Loss: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Starace Michela Valeria Rita , Gupta Aditya K. , Bamimore Mary A. , Talukder Mesbah , Quadrelli Federico , Piraccini Bianca Maria
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Oral finasteride and topical minoxidil are long-standing androgenetic alopecia (AGA) treatments; topical finasteride is a more recent medicine. Few studies have compared their therapeutic effects in postmenopausal women. We compared the therapeutic impact of topical finasteride (1–4 sprays of 0.25% topical finasteride solution daily for 12 months), oral finasteride (2.5 mg oral finasteride once daily for 12 months), and topical minoxidil (1 mL of topical minoxidil 5% twice daily for 12 months) in postmenopausal women with AGA. Methods: We conducted Bayesian network meta-analyses of individual patient-level data insofar as four clinically relevant endpoints, namely, 12-month change in (1) total hair density, (2) hair diameter, (3) clinical photographs, and (4) patients’ opinion of efficacy. Data were obtained through medical charts. Regimens’ surface under the cumulative ranking distribution (SUCRA) values and relative effects – as per odds ratios – were computed. Results: As per SUCRA, the most and least effective regimens – across the four outcomes – were oral finasteride, and topical finasteride, respectively; however, no significant statistical differences were found (i.e., p > 0.05). Conclusion: Oral finasteride is ranked more effective than the topical forms of minoxidil and finasteride; however, more studies are needed to confirm this result.
Educación ciudadana en escuelas rurales. Una indagación sobre estudiantes campesinos
Authors: Arias Gómez Diego H. , Carranza Quiroga Andrea , Velásquez Hoyos Yudy
Published: April 2024

El presente artículo expone el resultado parcial de una investigación centrada en analizar las concepciones de ciudadanía en jóvenes residentes en un sector rural de Bogotá. Se presentan los hallazgos relacionados con la incidencia, horizonte y percepción de la educación ciudadana en la voz de estudiantes, docentes y padres campesinos en una institución educativa localiza en una vereda contigua a la ciudad capital. El estudio demuestra que predominan concepciones liberales de ciudadanía en coexistencia con otros modelos y con imaginarios que proyectan mayor valoración de la dinámica política de la ciudad a la vez que se resaltan elementos del campo pero sin mucha conciencia política.
Lo imaginario, las imágenes y las narraciones: aproximaciones a la realidad del sujeto
Authors: Duque Giraldo Jaime Humberto , Londoño Vásquez David Alberto
Published: April 2024

En este artículo presentamos las categorías de lo imaginario y lo narrativo como herramientas que nos aproximan a la realidad del sujeto, teniendo como punto de referencia los postulados de Gilbert Durand (antropología simbólica) y Paul Ricoeur (paradigma del texto e identidades narrativas). En un primer momento, realizamos un recorrido por la historia de la ciencia en pro de diferenciar los postulados epistemológicos de las posturas frente a los imaginarios y su complejidad para definirlos; posteriormente, bajo los lineamientos teóricos de Durand, plantearemos la concepción de los imaginarios, teniendo en cuenta los regímenes diurno y nocturno de la imagen; luego, desde la filosofía de Ricoeur, construimos lo imaginario e identificamos su papel en la consolidación de la hermenéutica del sí, propia de las teorías narrativas y la construcción de la trama, todo en procura de la identidad narrativa. Por último, puntualizamos algunas conclusiones sobre dicho tema, su importancia y actualidad en el estudio de las subjetividades
Subjetividades políticas y prácticas de resistencia de jóvenes de dos organizaciones juveniles de las ciudades de Ibagué y Bogotá
Authors: Morales Palomino María del Carmen , Ávila Gallego Mayerly Lizeth , Arias Londoño Gloria Isabel
Published: April 2024

Este artículo identifica la configuración de las subjetividades políticas de jóvenes de organizaciones juveniles y sus prácticas de resistencia, como acciones alternativas que realizan los jóvenes para romper con relaciones de poder homogenizantes y discriminadoras, que imponen estereotipos negativos a los jóvenes y a sus prácticas, y que corresponden a concepciones construidas socialmente desde posturas adultocéntricas, de mercado e institucionales. Dichas prácticas de resistencia configuran diferentes dispositivos relacionados con las acciones políticas de los jóvenes, las cuales generan transformaciones sociales y resignifican la colectividad a partir de la reflexibilidad y la acción critica. La investigación en la cual se basa este artículo es de tipo cualitativo, con enfoque hermenéutico, desarrollada desde una lógica etnográfica, y plantea acercarse a la micropolítica de la vida cotidiana de los jóvenes al escuchar sus voces y desde ellas comprender las relaciones, tensiones o cercanías con las estructuras y procesos planteados hegemónicamente para los jóvenes. En la investigación participaron dos organizaciones juveniles urbanas de las ciudades de Ibagué y Bogotá.
La violencia contra las mujeres constituye una emergencia social: subjetividad política en mujeres víctimas de violencia doméstica
Authors: Sánchez Sánchez Gloria Angélica , Moreno López Ana Lindy
Published: April 2024

En el presente artículo se establece la violencia doméstica contra las mujeres como una emergencia social conforme a las cifras establecidas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Además se muestra cómo las mujeres víctimas de este flagelo logran configurar una nueva subjetividad política que redunda en el beneficio propio y en el de sus comunidades.

Para dar cuenta de las acciones que permitieron que las mujeres se subjetivaran y devinieran en sujetos políticos, metodológicamente se realizaron cinco entrevistas a profundidad, con mujeres que fueron víctimas de violencia doméstica, lograron alejarse de sus parejas maltratadoras y se organizaron para apoyar a otras mujeres que se encuentran en situaciones de maltrato. Durante el desarrollo de esta investigación se logró identificar cómo en la relación que se establece entre el grupo de mujeres apoyo, denominado mujeres escucha y las que acuden a ellas en busca de ayuda se establecen lazos que configuran las subjetividades femeninas y proyectan sujetos políticos empoderados.
Da Teoria do Romance ao Romance Histórico: a questão dos gêneros em G. Lukács
Authors: Silva Arlenice Almeida da
Published: April 2024

O artigo acompanha as variações no conceito de romance e na problemática dos gêneros na obra do filósofo G. Lukács. O objetivo é perceber que em suas obras de juventude, A Alma e as Formas e A Teoria do Romance, as formas eram pensadas como estruturas atemporais e idealizadas, mas já apresentadas como problemáticas, pois apontavam para uma reflexão sobre a temporalidade. Nos anos 30, Lukács não rompe com sua fase anterior, mas aprofunda a historização em O Romance Histórico, ao definir o romance moderno como um gênero épico, a pré-história do presente e, assim, apresentar elementos para uma estética marxista autônoma.
A educação musical de Emílio
Authors: Marques José Oscar de Almeida
Published: April 2024

Rousseau’s proposal in the Émile of an “education according to nature” should not be confused with the rearing of a savage blissfully unaware of all refinements of civilization. On the contrary, Rousseau’s treatise contains the plan of a very sophisticated education of taste, and although Émile is not supposed to become an artist, he will be well versed in the artistic matters and conventions of his time. In this paper I examine the steps of Émile’s musical education through the several stages in which Rousseau divides the physical, intellectual and emotional development of his hypothetical pupil. By showing how the particular aims and methods in each stage conform to the guidelines set up by nature for this development, I hope to make clear that there is no incompatibility, in Rousseau ́s philosophy, between an education “according to nature” and a proper cultivation of taste and aesthetical appreciation.
Água-viva: instantes de saber
Authors: Mourão Cleonice Paes Barreto
Published: April 2024

Este texto faz uma análise da obra Água-viva. de Clarice Lispector, procurando revelar a dimensão filosófica subjacente ao texto.
Optimization of Absolute Coronary Blood Flow Measurements to Assess Microvascular Function: In Vivo Validation of Hyperemia and Higher Infusion Speeds
Authors: Minten Lennert , Bennett Johan , McCutcheon Keir , Oosterlinck Wouter , Algoet Michiel , Otsuki Hisao , Takahashi Kuniaki , Fearon William F. , Dubois Christophe
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Reliable assessment of coronary microvascular function is essential. Techniques to measure absolute coronary blood flow are promising but need validation. The objectives of this study were: first, to validate the potential of saline infusion to generate maximum hyperemia in vivo. Second, to validate absolute coronary blood flow measured with continuous coronary thermodilution at high (40–50 mL/min) infusion speeds and asses its safety.

METHODS:

Fourteen closed-chest sheep underwent absolute coronary blood flow measurements with increasing saline infusion speeds at different dosages under general anesthesia. An additional 7 open-chest sheep underwent these measurements with epicardial Doppler flow probes. Coronary flows were compared with reactive hyperemia after 45 s of coronary occlusion.

RESULTS:

Twenty milliliters per minute of saline infusion induced a significantly lower hyperemic coronary flow (140 versus 191 mL/min;
P
=0.0165), lower coronary flow reserve (1.82 versus 3.21;
P
≤0.0001), and higher coronary resistance (655 versus 422 woods units;
P
=0.0053) than coronary occlusion. On the other hand, 30 mL/min of saline infusion resulted in hyperemic coronary flow (196 versus 192 mL/min;
P
=0.8292), coronary flow reserve (2.77 versus 3.21;
P
=0.1107), and coronary resistance (415 versus 422 woods units;
P
=0.9181) that were not different from coronary occlusion. Hyperemic coronary flow was 40.7% with 5 mL/min, 40.8% with 10 mL/min, 73.1% with 20 mL/min, 102.3% with 30 mL/min, 99.0% with 40 mL/min, and 98.0% with 50 mL/min of saline infusion when compared with postocclusive hyperemic flow. There was a significant bias toward flow overestimation (Bland-Altman: bias±SD, −73.09±30.52; 95% limits of agreement, −132.9 to −13.27) with 40 to 50 mL/min of saline. Occasionally, ischemic changes resulted in ventricular fibrillation (9.5% with 50 mL/min) at higher infusion rates.

CONCLUSIONS:

Continuous saline infusion of 30 mL/min but not 20 mL/min induced maximal hyperemia. Absolute coronary blood flow measured with saline infusion speeds of 40 to 50 mL/min was not accurate and not safe.
CAVIN1-Mediated hERG Dynamics: A Novel Mechanism Underlying the Interindividual Variability in Drug-Induced Long QT
Authors: Al Sayed Zeina R. , Pereira Céline , Le Borgne Rémi , Viaris de Lesegno Christine , Jouve Charlène , Pénard Esthel , Mallet Adeline , Masurkar Nihar , Loussouarn Gildas , Verbavatz Jean-Marc , Lamaze Christophe , Trégouët David-Alexandre , Hulot Jean-Sébastien
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Drug-induced QT prolongation (diLQT) is a feared side effect that could expose susceptible individuals to fatal arrhythmias. The occurrence of diLQT is primarily attributed to unintended drug interactions with cardiac ion channels, notably the hERG (human ether-a-go-go-related gene) channels that generate the delayed-rectifier potassium current (I
Kr
) and thereby regulate the late repolarization phase. There is an important interindividual susceptibility to develop diLQT, which is of unknown origin but can be reproduced in patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes (iPS-CMs). We aimed to investigate the dynamics of hERG channels in response to sotalol and to identify regulators of the susceptibility to developing diLQT.

METHODS:

We measured electrophysiological activity and cellular distribution of hERG channels after hERG blocker treatment in iPS-CMs derived from patients with highest sensitivity (HS) or lowest sensitivity (LS) to sotalol administration in vivo (ie, on the basis of the measure of the maximal change in QT interval 3 hours after administration). Specific small interfering RNAs and CAVIN1-T2A-GFP adenovirus were used to manipulate
CAVIN1
expression.

RESULTS:

Whereas HS and LS iPS-CMs showed similar electrophysiological characteristics at baseline, the late repolarization phase was prolonged and I
Kr
significantly decreased after exposure of HS iPS-CMs to low sotalol concentrations. I
Kr
reduction was caused by a rapid translocation of hERG channel from the membrane to the cytoskeleton-associated fractions upon sotalol application.
CAVIN1
, essential for caveolae biogenesis, was 2× more highly expressed in HS iPS-CMs, and its knockdown by small interfering RNA reduced their sensitivity to sotalol.
CAVIN1
overexpression in LS iPS-CMs using adenovirus showed reciprocal effects. We found that treatment with sotalol promoted translocation of the hERG channel from the plasma membrane to the cytoskeleton fractions in a process dependent on CAVIN1 (caveolae associated protein 1) expression.
CAVIN1
silencing reduced the number of caveolae at the membrane and abrogated the translocation of hERG channel in sotalol-treated HS iPS-CMs. CAVIN1 also controlled cardiomyocyte responses to other hERG blockers, such as E4031, vandetanib, and clarithromycin.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our study identifies unbridled turnover of the potassium channel hERG as a mechanism supporting the interindividual susceptibility underlying diLQT development and demonstrates how this phenomenon is finely tuned by CAVIN1.
The Neural Corelates of Constructing Conceptual and Perceptual Representations of Autobiographical Memories
Authors: Gurguryan Lauri , Fenerci Can , Ngo Nguyet , Sheldon Signy
Published: April 2024

Contemporary neurocognitive frameworks propose that conceptual and perceptual content of autobiographical memories—personal past experiences—are processed by dissociable neural systems. Other work has proposed a central role of the anterior hippocampus in initially constructing autobiographical memories, regardless of the content. Here, we report on an fMRI study that utilized a repeated retrieval paradigm to test these ideas. In an MRI scanner, participants retrieved autobiographical memories at three timepoints. During the third retrieval, participants either shifted their focus to the conceptual content of the memory, the perceptual content of the memory, or retrieved the memory as they had done so on previous trials. We observed stronger anterior hippocampal activity for the first retrieval compared with later retrievals, regardless of whether there was a shift in content in those later trials. We also found evidence for separate cortical systems when constructing autobiographical memories with a focus on conceptual or perceptual content. Finally, we found that there was common engagement between later retrievals that required a shift toward conceptual content and the initial retrieval of a memory. This final finding was explored further with a behavioral experiment that provided evidence that focusing on conceptual content of a memory guides memory construction, whereas perceptual content adds precision to a memory. Together, these findings suggest there are distinct content-oriented cortical systems that work with the anterior hippocampus to construct representations of autobiographical memories.
Stopping Speed in Response to Auditory and Visual Stop Signals Depends on Go Signal Modality
Authors: Weber Simon , Salomoni Sauro E. , St George Rebecca J. , Hinder Mark R.
Published: April 2024

Past research has found that the speed of the action cancellation process is influenced by the sensory modality of the environmental change that triggers it. However, the effect on selective stopping processes (where participants must cancel only one component of a multicomponent movement) remains unknown, despite these complex movements often being required as we navigate our busy modern world. Thirty healthy adults (mean age = 31.1 years, SD = 10.5) completed five response-selective stop signal tasks featuring different combinations of “go signal” modality (the environmental change baring an imperative to initiate movement; auditory or visual) and “stop signal” modality (the environmental change indicating that action cancellation is required: auditory, visual, or audiovisual). EMG recordings of effector muscles allowed detailed comparison of the characteristics of voluntary action and cancellation between tasks. Behavioral and physiological measures of stopping speed demonstrated that the modality of the go signal influenced how quickly participants cancelled movement in response to the stop signal: Stopping was faster in two cross-modal experimental conditions (auditory go – visual stop; visual go – auditory stop), than in two conditions using the same modality for both signals. A separate condition testing for multisensory facilitation revealed that stopping was fastest when the stop signal consisted of a combined audiovisual stimulus, compared with all other go–stop stimulus combinations. These findings provide novel evidence regarding the role of attentional networks in action cancellation and suggest modality-specific cognitive resources influence the latency of the stopping process.
The Role of Higher Education in Science and Technology in the Development of Technology-Intensive Industries in China
Authors: Ryu Jiwon , Mah Jai S.
Published: April 2024

Technology-intensive industries in China have developed rapidly since its economic reform. This article examines the role of higher education institutions (HEI s) in science and technology (S&T) in innovation and the development of technology-intensive industries in China. First, it illustrates the evolution and current status of S&T education at HEI s and their relationship to enterprises and science parks that led to China’s innovation and technological development. Second, it reveals the government’s role in promoting S&T education at HEI s and strengthening the relationship between universities and enterprises. Finally, it derives policy implications for developing countries in light of China’s experience.
Cybersecurity Challenges in Indonesia: Threat and Responses Analysis
Authors: Pratiwi Fadhila Inas , Hennida Citra , Soesilowati Sartika , Berliantin Natavia , Ekasari Devi Yuni , Dewi Citra Sari , Intan Angelique Angie
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this research is to know the cyberthreat faced by Indonesian society and understand how the government responds towards this threat. This study employs two types of data. The first came from the literature for building the theoretical linkage, and the second came from an online survey of 328 respondents about cyberthreats that they experience, as well as the respondents’ perception regarding the government’s response. The results were then analyzed systematically along with the literature review analysis. The results show that 64 percent of Indonesian respondents have modest knowledge in terms of cyberthreats and regulations made for it. There are three main arguments for this condition. First, low level of knowledge in cyberthreat within the society. Second, Indonesian people unprepared to face the cyberthreat surrounding their daily life. Third, an inadequate Indonesian government response to prevent and tackle the cyberthreat.
MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION AND THE FIRST TAXONOMIC SYNTHESIS OF TERRESTRIAL CYANOBACTERIA FROM THE ATLANTIC FOREST IN NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL
Authors: RIBEIRO DA ANUNCIAÇÃO RAYLANE , PAULINO JONATAS M. , MOURA ARIADNE N. , LAUGHINGHOUSE IV H. DAIL , GAMA WATSON A.
Published: April 2024

Cyanobacteria are very morphological diverse and the taxonomic inventories are the basis of the knowledge about their biodiversity. However, these studies have decreased in the last years, mainly due to advances in molecular techniques, evenness these tools have their limitations, like sequence libraries. In order to reveal the importance of taxonomic inventories to little known organisms and unexplored areas, the present study was carried out with terrestrial cyanobacteria from the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil, compared to results with the state of the art of this group in the country. A total of 60 infrageneric taxa were found and 62.8% of identified species were new records to northeastern Brazil. Most of the previous studies were performed in the state of São Paulo (>70%) and half of the country has no records of terrestrial cyanobacteria due to the lack of studies. Thus, taxonomic surveys are still important to understand the cyanobacterial distribution and to characterize rare taxa and the biodiversity from unstudied areas and habitats.
Five new combinations in the lycophyte family Selaginellaceae
Authors: ZHANG LI-BING , ZHOU XIN-MAO , HU YU-PING
Published: April 2024

Five new combinations in the lycophyte family Selaginellaceae are made and transferred from Selaginella sensu lato. These five names include Boreoselaginella baodongii, B. sajanensis, Chuselaginella neei, C. negrosensis, and Hypopterygiopsis odishana. We also designated the lectotypes of S. neei and S. negrosensis.
Molecular systematics of the subgenus Gephyromantis (Phylacomantis) with description of a new subspecies
Authors: SCHERZ MARK D. , RUDOLPH JANINA , RAKOTONDRATSIMA MARIUS , RATSOAVINA FANOMEZANA M. , CROTTINI ANGELICA , ANDREONE FRANCO , GLAW FRANK , VENCES MIGUEL
Published: April 2024

The mantellid subgenus Phylacomantis (genus Gephyromantis) currently contains four species of frogs distributed in the South (G. corvus, G. kintana), West (G. atsingy), North East, North, and Sambirano regions (G. pseudoasper) in Madagascar. We assess the molecular systematics of these amphibians based on extended sampling and analysis of multiple nuclear-encoded and mitochondrial genes. We confirm the delimitation of the four known species, which form monophyletic groups in a mitochondrial tree and separate phylogroups without haplotype sharing in haplotype networks of four nuclear markers. Newly included samples of G. pseudoasper from the North and North East regions confirm a comparatively low genetic variation of this species across its range, with pairwise genetic distance in the 16S gene not exceeding 1.4%. On the contrary, newly collected specimens from three sites in the North East and North West of the island strongly differed from all other Phylacomantis, with genetic distances exceeding 4.8% for the16S gene. Mitochondrial and nuclear markers strongly suggest them to be sister to G. corvus from the South. Due to haplotype sharing in two nuclear genes, absence of detectable morphological differences, and lack of data on bioacoustic differentiation, we describe these populations as a new subspecies, G. corvus bakilana ssp. nov., emphasizing that this taxon may be elevated to species status in the future pending new data. This biogeographic pattern, with apparently disjunct sister lineages in the South vs. North West of Madagascar, is rare among Malagasy anurans and calls for increased exploration of the remaining humid forest fragments in the North West and West of the island.
Addition to the review of the genus Wroughtonia Cameron, 1899 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Helconinae) from Vietnam: Description of two new species
Authors: OANH NGUYEN THI , LONG KHUAT DANG , PHAM NHI THI , MAI PHAM QUYNH , NGHIEP HOANG THI
Published: April 2024

In the present study, the genus Wroughtonia Cameron from Vietnam is revised with two new species described and illustrated, viz. Wroughtonia phiaoaca Long, sp. nov. and W. robustifemur Long, sp. nov.. Comparative morphological characters of the new Wroughtonia species are discussed. An in-country distribution map of the known Vietnamese species of Wroughtonia is also provided.
Pseudoendemism in Mediterranean black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae): a new record for Africa
Authors: HAOUCHINE SABRINA , BELQAT BOUTAÏNA , ADLER PETER H. , LOUNACI ABDELKADER
Published: April 2024

The first record of a European black fly, Simulium ichnusae Rivosecchi & Contini, is documented for Africa, where it was found at elevations above 1000 m in the Djurdjura Mountains of Algeria. Considered an endemic species of Sardinia for 60 years, S. ichnusae must now be regarded as pseudoendemic. Larvae, pupae, females, and males from the Djurdjura Mountains compare well with those in the original description of the species. Chromosomally, S. ichnusae differs from the standard banding sequence of the S. vernum group by a transposed nucleolar organizer—the only known member of the group with this condition—and three fixed inversions, all of which are shared by other members of this species group. The addition of S. ichnusae to the Algerian fauna increases the number of nominal species of black flies known from the country to 34. The discovery of S. ichnusae suggests that additional trans-Mediterranean species await discovery in the coastal Mediterranean mountains and emphasizes that claims of endemism depend on thorough surveys and taxonomic accuracy.
The Gould’s Toucanet Selenidera gouldii (Natterer, 1837) (Aves: Ramphastidae) as a monotypic species
Authors: LIMA RAFAEL DANTAS
Published: April 2024

The Gould’s Toucanet Selenidera gouldii (Natterer, 1837) occurs mainly in eastern Amazonia, with a geographically isolated population in the northeast Brazilian state of Ceará. Based on two male specimens from the latter population that appeared to have a smaller body and bill with a relatively large black patch, Pinto & Camargo (1961) described the subspecies S. g. baturitensis. This taxon has long been known in museum collections only by the two male specimens mentioned in its description, but recently obtained specimens have now permitted a test of its validity with larger sample sizes. Here, I examined the largest sample of S. g. baturitensis studied to date to show that S. g. gouldii and S. g. baturitensis are just the east and west ends of a broad geographic pattern of smoothly clinal differences in morphometrics that were categorized as subspecies taxa.
Venereal diseases, public health and sanitary measures in the mid-nineteenth-century Madras Presidency
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Divya Rama
Published: April 2024

This article discusses the colonial policies around public health, sanitary measures and control of venereal diseases in the Madras Presidency in the 1860s and 1870s, and describes how these policies shaped urban development of Madras. It investigates how British colonial measures to curtail venereal diseases concurred with concerns about ‘public health’ in the 1860s and 1870s in the Madras Presidency and the city of Madras. It questions the extent to which British ‘public health’ policies encompassed the Indian population. Although there is a recent increase in scholarly interest in studying the medical and sanitary history of the Madras Presidency, very few historians have focused on the ways in which colonial morality influenced town-planning and sanitary policies in the area. Earlier, scholars believed that segregation was key to maintaining public health in colonial cities; however, recent scholarship has questioned the notions of ‘dual city’ by highlighting the blurred lines. This article also investigates how far the colonial administration successfully segregated the European population from the Indian population and the Indian labouring and service-providing poor from the non-labouring poor.
Bilinguals from Larynx to Lips: Exploring Bilingual Articulatory Strategies with Anatomic MRI Data
Authors: Badin Pierre , Sawallis Thomas R. , Tabain Marija , Lamalle Laurent
Published: April 2024

The goal of this article is to illustrate the use of MRI for exploring bi- and multi-lingual articulatory strategies. One male and one female speaker recorded sets of static midsagittal MRIs of the whole vocal tract, producing vowels as well as consonants in various vowel contexts in either the male’s two or the female’s three languages. Both speakers were native speakers of English (American and Australian English, respectively), and both were fluent L2 speakers of French. In addition, the female speaker was a heritage speaker of Croatian. Articulatory contours extracted from the MRIs were subsequently used at three progressively more compact and abstract levels of analysis. (1) Direct comparison of overlaid contours was used to assess whether phones analogous across L1 and L2 are similar or dissimilar, both overall and in specific vocal tract regions. (2) Consonant contour variability along the vocal tract due to vowel context was determined using dispersion ellipses and used to explore the variable resistance to coarticulation for non-analogous rhotics and analogous laterals in Australian, French, and Croatian. (3) Articulatory modeling was used to focus on specific articulatory gestures (tongue position and shape, lip protrusion, laryngeal height, etc.) and then to explore the articulatory strategies in the speakers’ interlanguages for production of the French front rounded vowel series. This revealed that the Australian and American speakers used different strategies to produce the non-analogous French vowel series. We conclude that MRI-based articulatory data constitute a very rich and underused source of information that amply deserves applications to the study of L2 articulation and bilingual and multi-lingual speech.
Addressing inconsistencies in grading practices
Authors: Guskey Thomas R.
Published: April 2024

School leaders struggle in their efforts to implement standards-based grading reforms in large part because they fail to address the inconsistency in grading practices among individual teachers. This article describes three crucial steps necessary to gain greater consistency in teachers’ grading practices: (1) Reaching consensus on a purpose statement for grading; (2) using grading scales with four to seven categories of student performance; and (3) reporting multiple grades to describe academic achievement and non-academic aspects of students’ performance separately. These steps provide the necessary foundation for successful implementation of standards-based and competency-based grading reforms.
Backtalk: The harm in assessment-backward practices
Authors: Frasier Amanda S.
Published: April 2024

The deprofessionalization and mechanization of teaching that comes from teaching to the test and scripted instruction is prevalent in the United States. Teachers now enter their careers in schooling contexts where they are often expected to apply scripted curriculums with high fidelity, sometimes at odds with the pedagogy and methods they learned in teacher education programs. Amanda S. Frasier argues that the shift to assessment-backward design and the focus on controlling actions and micromanaging behavior of teachers is harming the profession and public education.