bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Objectification and Sensibility: A Critical Look at Sexism as Subtext in Postfeminist Advertising
Authors: Poon Stephen T. F.
Published: January 2021

This paper explores the phenomenon of sex in advertising to understand the relationship between objectification of gender, sex, sexuality and representations of femininity through advertising subtexts, processes and discourses. Literature shows the usage of sexism in advertising and marketing veers in extreme scopes between blatant explicitness and stylish subtlety, depending on the cultural contexts and norms of the target market. Using qualitative case examples, advertising campaigns highlight objectification of sexual desires as an antithesis of postfeminist thought. Rhetorical analysis was performed on advertisement samples, building from postfeminist perspectives in marketing theories. Examples of visual rhetoric in beer, feminine product commercials and social cause campaigns are discussed. Findings demonstrate cultural expressions of postfeminist sensibility adapted for specific femininity contexts. Overall, sexism subtexts are shown to be a continued challenge in developing persuasive advertising rhetoric for the postfeminist era. Non-translatability and cultural adaptations to consumer segments suggests that the use of sex to visually communicate marketing information to an increasingly diverse marketplace face much social pressure today than in the past. Femininity themes in postfeminist advertising could be more effectively portrayed through subtle techniques such as irony and sarcasm, and in more inclusive, diverse, pragmatic and respectful femininity representations.
A Sociological Study of the Form and Content Produced in the Social Media of the International First Rank Universities
Authors: Eskandari Sina , Sharifabadi Saeed Rezaei
Published: January 2021

This research is an attempt to deal with the role of social media in the promotion of the name of universities at international scene.  Thus, the analysis of the structure and contents of productions will be the subject of discussion in this research. It should be noted that each social media has unique features and in order to get an ideal result, it is necessary to have knowledge about the details and sociology of the use of social media by users. Having identified the responsibilities which are assigned by propagation designers of universities to department, it will be possible to plan a comprehensive and unique program for the activities of different departments of university, so that in the event of demand, each unit can have an influential role in introducing the university in a professional form.
HEEDING TO ENGLISH MUSIC AND SONGS ENHANCES LISTENING SKILLS
Authors: Solanon Stephanie O. , Idong Claribel Astrid D. , San Jose Ariel Epan , Robles Concepcion Maria Gregoria
Published: January 2021

Undeniably, teaching English listening is challenging. These challenges did not only involve teaching proper pronunciation, articulation, accent, dialectal variation but also the lack of modern listening devices and equip-ment. This qualitative research determined whether heeding to English music and songs could improve the listening skills of the students. Using focus groups, the researchers obtained the information through in-depth inter-views among 16 musically inclined freshmen English major students. Findings revealed that the participants were not genre oriented; they listened to English music and songs was a self-decision or influenced by peers; they bene-fitted from listening to English music and songs like making them emotionally stable, sharpening their mental and language abilities; they were able to keenly distinguish properly enunciated English words; they became linguis-tically aware of dialectal variations; and they were able to differentiate hearing and listening to music. Moreover, they listened to English music and songs as those were part and parcel of their lives. It implies that music and songs may be used in learning English in schools to facilitate psychological and linguistics faculties of tudents.
YOUTH ASPIRATIONS AND MISFORTUNES IN NDOP MUNICIPALITY, CAMEROON: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Muntoh Eugene Muambeh
Published: January 2021

Youth ambitions and the challenges they face remain a major issue facing every economy around the world. This study critically examines youth aspirations and their misfortunes in Ndop municipality. The paper also scrutinises the activities of the government in the process of empowering youth in Ndop municipality and further assesses challenges faced in the empowerment process. In carrying out this study, primary and secondary source materials were consulted and from them, the paper contends that the introduction and implementation of youth development programmes positively affected the youths. They gained skills through training programmes and also received free interest loans for business start-ups which enabled them to be self-reliant. The challenges that accompanied government efforts in the empowerment process affected the intended number of youth targeted to benefit from the government youth support programme (PAJER-U). Even as youth challenges were being addressed by various actors, this study reveals a picture of a combination of achievements and failures in the course of providing a brighter future for the youths.
Fighting Fascist Spain
Authors: Feu Montse
Published: January 2021

Fighting Fascist Spain pieces together the story of Spanish immigrants in the United States in their fight against fascism, as reflected in the periodical España Libre and the grassroots activism of the organization that sustained that publication, the Sociedades Hispanas Confederadas, or the Confederadas. Although Espana Libre was run by Spanish immigrants and exiles and published in Brooklyn and New York City, the organization had a clear transnational consciousness: old migrants and new exiles coalesced in overlapping communities across the United States that were linked to similar antifascist networks in other countries. Fighting Fascist Spain identifies the web of anarchist, anarcho-syndicalist, and socialist connections that facilitated the political engagement of local activists and organizations and enlarged the global reach of the Confederadas during the dictatorship of Francisco Franco (1939–1975) and until democratic elections were held again in Spain (1977). Using extensive and previously ignored literary, visual, and archival sources, the manuscript explores anarchist literature and antifascist humor. The broad objective of Fighting Fascist Spain is not merely to recover evidence of migrant activism and literature but to articulate how workers’ culture and politics shaped their antifascism.
African Art Reframed
Authors: Jules-Rosette Bennetta , Osborn J. R.
Published: January 2021

This book approaches the reframing of African art through dialogues with collectors, curators, and artists on three continents. It explores museum exhibitions, storerooms, artists’ studios, and venues for community outreach. Part One (Chapters 1-3) addresses the history of ethnographic and art museums, ranging from curiosity cabinets to modernist edifices and virtual websites. Museums are considered in terms of five transformational nodes, which contrast ways in which museums are organized and reach out to their audiences. Diverse groups of artists interact with museums at each node. Part Two (Chapters 4-5) addresses museum practices and art worlds through dialogues with curators and artists examining museums as ecosystems and communities within communities. Processes of display and memory work used by curators and artists are analyzed with semiotic methods to investigate images, signs, and symbols drawn from curating the curators and exploring artists’ experiences. Part Three (Chapters 6-8) introduces new strategies for displaying, disseminating, and reclaiming African art. Approaches include the innovative technology of unmixing and the reframing of art for museums of the future. The book addresses building exchanges through studies of curatorial networks, south-north connections, genre classifications, archives, collections, databases, and learning strategies. These discussions open up new avenues of connectivity that range from local museums to global art markets and environments. In conclusion, the book proposes new methods for interpreting African art inside and outside of museums and remixing the results.
The Archaeology of Magic
Authors: Augé C. Riley
Published: January 2021

In The Archaeology of Magic, C. Riley Augé explores how early American colonists used magic to protect themselves from harm in their unfamiliar and challenging new world. Analyzing evidence from the different domestic spheres of women and men within Puritan society, Augé provides a trailblazing archaeological study of magical practice and its relationship to gender in the Anglo-American culture of colonial New England.
Investigating homestead sites dating from 1620 to 1725 in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Maine, Augé explains how to recognize objects and architectural details that colonists intended as defenses and boundaries against evil supernatural forces. She supports this archaeological work by examining references to magic in letters, diaries, sermons, medical texts, and documentation of court proceedings including the Salem witch trials. She also draws on folklore from the era to reveal that colonists simultaneously practiced magic and maintained their Puritan convictions.
Augé exposes the fears and anxieties that motivated individuals to try to manipulate the supernatural realm, and she identifies gendered patterns in the ways they employed magic. She argues that it is essential for archaeologists to incorporate historical records and oral traditions in order to accurately interpret the worldviews and material culture of people who lived in the past.
Nuts, Bolts, and Bridges
Authors: Freidel David A.
Published: January 2021

This chapter highlights some key themes of the chapters in the book, such as markets, low-density urbanism, Terminal Classic rural households, comparing Tikal and Chunchucmil, and comments on the advances and breakthroughs in recent scholarship on Maya political economy.
Modeling Maya Markets
Authors: King Eleanor M.
Published: January 2021

An abundance of data now supports the existence—long doubted—of markets in the Maya area in the Classic period (C.E. 250–900) and their economic importance. Why, however, did it take so long for Maya markets to be recognized? And how are they best conceptualized? After briefly reviewing the assumptions that hindered archaeological research on markets, especially among the Maya, this article uses ethnohistorical and ethnographic information to suggest an agent-centered model for how Maya markets worked. The intent is not to create a single, overarching template, because Maya economy varied over time and space, but rather to infuse more of a Maya perspective into current views and inspire others to continue doing so in the future.
The Ancient Maya Economic Landscape of Caracol, Belize
Authors: Chase Diane Z. , Chase Arlen F.
Published: January 2021

The economies of the ancient Maya did not exist in vacuums; rather they were interconnected to each other. This chapter details the way in which one of these economies functioned during the Late Classic Period (A.D. 550–900). Archaeological research at Caracol, Belize, has been able to reconstruct how ancient Maya production and exchange systems were functioning within a large metropolitan area that serviced over 100,000 people. The population of Caracol maintained agricultural self-sufficiency on the residential level and produced a wide variety of crafts in their households for trade and exchange. Many quotidian goods were imported into the city for distribution, as were items of higher value. Specific exchange areas, in the form of formal plazas, were established to administer the distribution and exchange of goods. These plaza areas were also likely the locations for other administrative services. These physical locales were managed by local elites who in turn had central oversight. The transactions that occurred in these plazas not only served local inhabitants but also presumably resulted in the collection of taxes on the goods and services being traded, thereby bolstering the local and site center’s elite.
Commerce, Redistribution, Autarky, and Barter
Authors: Eppich Keith
Published: January 2021

This chapter examines the material patterning of ceramic recovered from the ruin of the ancient Maya city of El Perú-Waka’. The patterns from different household assemblages indicate shifting patterns of economic activity, the different distribution of different ceramic categories aligning with different combinations of production, distribution, and consumption. Taken together, the household ceramic records reflect the shifting economic fortunes of the ancient city as well as the individuals who inhabited it. The ceramic evidence argues for a vibrant Late Classic economy with a strong commercial element, one that shifts in the ninth century to alternatives to commerce.
A Discrepancy between Elite Office and Economic Status in the El Palmar Dynasty
Authors: Tsukamoto Kenichiro
Published: January 2021

Chapter 15 examines the relationship between the political position of non-royal elites who held a title of lakam and their economic status at the Classic Maya city of El Palmar, Yucatán. While inscriptions describe their political privilege, other material assemblages indicate that their practice of high artisanal skills such as the scribal arts was constrained, as was their wealth in terms of access to the finest quality exchange goods.
Bundling the Sticks
Authors: Tokovinine Alexandre
Published: January 2021

This chapter addresses a set of references to tallies in Classic Maya inscriptions and imagery, which have been traditionally interpreted as weapons and writing implements. The available contexts, however, indicate that “sticks” were somehow involved in accounting practices. Although there is no archaeological evidence of these presumably perishable wooden items, the author highlights visual and material data that support the use of tallies by the Maya.
Economic Interactions and the Rise of Sociopolitical Complexity in the Maya Lowlands
Authors: Hansen Richard D. , Suyuc Edgar , Guenter Stanley P. , Morales-Aguilar Carlos , Hernández Enrique , Balcárcel Beatriz
Published: January 2021

The development of economic systems in Mesoamerica has been a crucial link in the understanding of social, economic, and political structure of later polities. The evolution of Preclassic Maya states from the perspective of the Mirador-Calakmul Basin in Guatemala and southern Campeche, Mexico has been under scrutiny with large scale, multi-disciplinary excavations and mapping in 51 sites of varying sizes. The addition of LiDAR technology has confirmed the extraordinary settlement structure, which, when combined with chronological data, allows diachronic and synchronic evaluations of economic and political structure. The geographic and economic similarities in organization with respect to dendritic spatial formations originally proposed by Santley for Aztec Tenochtitlan compare favourably to the Mirador Basin sites, suggesting that dendritic economic, social, and political systems in Mesoamerica have great antiquity.
Black Panther in Exile
Authors: Magnarella Paul J.
Published: January 2021

In the tumultuous year after Martin Luther King Jr.’s assassination, 29-year-old Pete O’Neal became inspired by reading The Autobiography of Malcolm X and founded the Kansas City branch of the Black Panther Party (BPP). The same year, FBI director J. Edgar Hoover declared the BPP was the “greatest threat to the internal security of the country.” This book is the gripping story of O’Neal, one of the influential members of the movement, who now lives in Africa—unable to return to the United States but refusing to renounce his past.
Arrested in 1969 and convicted for transporting a shotgun across state lines, O’Neal was free on bail pending his appeal when Fred Hampton, chairman of the Illinois chapter of the BPP, was assassinated by the police. O’Neal and his wife fled the U.S. for Algiers. Eventually they settled in Tanzania, where they continue the social justice work of the Panthers through community and agricultural programs and host study-abroad programs for American students.
Paul Magnarella—a veteran of the United Nations Criminal Tribunals and O’Neal’s attorney during his appeals process from 1997–2001—describes his unsuccessful attempts to overturn what he argues was a wrongful conviction. He lucidly reviews the evidence of judicial errors, the prosecution’s use of a paid informant as a witness, perjury by both the prosecution’s key witness and a federal agent, as well as other constitutional violations. He demonstrates how O’Neal was denied justice during the height of the COINTELPRO assault on black activists in the U.S.
Fleeing to Sweden and Algeria
Authors: Magnarella Paul J.
Published: January 2021

While on bail, prior to his appeals, Pete and Charlotte O’Neal escaped to Sweden and then to Algiers where Eldridge Cleaver accepted them into the International Section of the Black Panther Party. An American, Elaine Klein, helped Cleaver and the Black Panther Party become recognized by the Algerian government as an anti-colonial movement. Pete describes the organization and activities of the International Section, focusing on its contacts with the embassies of various communist states and non-state revolutionary groups. He explains the reasons for the split in the Party between Huey Newton and Eldridge Cleaver, the latter’s departure from the Party, and Pete’s assumption of the International Section’s leadership role. O’Neal describes the two plane hijackings to Algiers, the resulting frictions between the Panthers and the Algerian government, and the Panthers’ departure from Algeria. Pete also relates the Panthers’ experiences with some visitors, including Timothy Leary.
Justice Denied
Authors: Magnarella Paul J.
Published: January 2021

Judge Van Bebber invoked the fugitive disentitlement doctrine and denied the latest petition for a new trial. He stated that O’Neal should not be able to benefit by a positive adjudication of his claims without submitting himself to the risks of an unfavorable decision. However, O’Neal had sworn in his affidavit that he would return to the United States for a new trial and thereby face the risks of an unfavorable decision. Magnarella critiques both Judge O’Connor and Judge Van Bebber for valuing the preservation of judicial resources over justice by refusing to take the time to carefully examine the merits of O’Neal’s petitions. Magnarella regards the judges’ invocation of the fugitive disentitlement doctrine as cover-up for the judicial errors, prosecutorial irregularities, and constitutional violations that characterized O’Neal’s unfair trial in 1970. O’Neal reacted to the latest petition denial with deep disappointment.
Reckoning with Rebellion
Authors: Sheehan-Dean Aaron
Published: January 2021

An innovative global history of the American Civil War, Reckoning with Rebellion compares and contrasts the American experience with other civil and national conflicts that happened at nearly the same time—the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the Polish Insurrection of 1863, and China’s Taiping Rebellion. Aaron Sheehan-Dean identifies surprising new connections between these historical moments across three continents.
Sheehan-Dean shows that insurgents around the globe often relied on irregular warfare and were labeled as criminals, mutineers, or rebels by the dominant powers. He traces commonalities between the United States, British empire, Russian empire, and Chinese empire, all large and ambitious states willing to use violence to maintain their authority. These powers were also able to control how these conflicts were described, affecting the way foreigners perceived them and whether they decided to intercede.
While the stories of these conflicts are now told separately, Sheehan-Dean argues, the participants understood them in relation to each other. When Union officials condemned secession, they pointed to the violence unleashed by the Indian Rebellion. When Confederates denounced Abraham Lincoln as a tyrant, they did so by comparing him to Tsar Alexander II. Sheehan-Dean demonstrates that the causes and issues of the Civil War were also global problems, revealing the important paradigms at work in the age of nineteenth-century nation-building.
Introduction
Authors: Sheehan-Dean Aaron
Published: January 2021

In the mid-nineteenth century, a set of wars convulsed India, the U.S., Poland, and China. Although typically studied separately, the wars followed similar patterns and even responded to each other. This influence was felt most fully when powerful nations offered or withheld their support for insurgents, but it also operated in a more subtle fashion. The discussions about sovereignty, authority, and rebellion preoccupying literate observers created a global conversation that shaped the experiences of people engaged in widely different enterprises. Unlike the liberal wars of nation-building in the late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth centuries, these conflicts revolved around common problems of sovereignty and state-building. Participants at the time saw these connections and used references and analogies to other conflicts to advance their own interests. This global view restores the U.S. Civil War to its historical place as one of several insurgent challenges in the era.
All Wars Are World Wars
Authors: Sheehan-Dean Aaron
Published: January 2021

The common aspirations of mid-nineteenth-century insurgents around the world channelled them into similar patterns of language. Insurgents rejected designations as criminals or mutineers, while dominant powers sought to use “rebel” to stigmatize the causes of those who sought to break apart established states. This linguistic entanglement helped shape the decisions of foreign powers when they decided to intervene or withhold help from participants in the wars. Try as they might to distinguish the uniqueness of their experience, the Sepoy, the Taiping, the Poles, and the Confederates all found themselves ensnared in the same web of global analogies and historical examples. As a result, their fates rested not just on their own abilities but also on the experience of other rebels around the globe.
Reflective and Communicative Waka
Authors: Meddens Frank
Published: January 2021

Andean waka are frequently referenced as talking and are portrayed as being consulted by the living elite. In this type of dialogue these sacred entities often appear remarkably fallible. Community leaders such as Inca rulers are at times presented on an equal footing with the sacred beings, such as in kay pacha. This chapter attempts to unravel the nature of communication between the sacred realm and those who would mediate between waka and the people and interpret and give meaning to the speech of non-human actors.
Pablo Escobar and Colombian Narcoculture
Authors: Pobutsky Aldona Bialowas
Published: January 2021

In the years since his death in 1993, Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar has become a globally recognized symbol of crime, wealth, power, and masculinity. In this long-overdue exploration of Escobar’s impact on popular culture, Aldona Bialowas Pobutsky shows how his legacy inspired the development of narcoculture—television, music, literature, and fashion representing the drug-trafficking lifestyle—in Colombia and around the world. Pobutsky looks at the ways the “Escobar brand” surfaces in bars, restaurants, and clothing lines; in Colombia’s tourist industry; and in telenovelas, documentaries, and narco memoirs about his life, which in turn have generated popular interest in other drug traffickers such as Griselda Blanco and Miami’s “cocaine cowboys.” Pobutsky illustrates how the Colombian state strives to erase his memory while Escobar’s notoriety only continues to increase in popular culture through the transnational media. She argues that the image of Escobar is inextricably linked to Colombia’s internal tensions in the areas of cocaine politics, gender relations, class divisions, and political corruption and that his “brand” perpetuates the country’s reputation as a center of organized crime, to the dismay of the Colombian people. This book is a fascinating study of how the world perceives Colombia and how Colombia’s citizens understand their nation’s past and present.
From Man’s Man to Mama’s Boy
Authors: Pobutsky Aldona Bialowas
Published: January 2021

Chapter 2 centers on the construct of masculinity in crime narratives, from the 2012 telenovela Pablo Escobar, el patrón del mal and the 2010 memoir El verdadero Escobar by Jhon Jairo Vásquez Velázquez to James Mollison’s The Memory of Pablo Escobar. It focuses on the telenovela’s depiction of Escobar’s gendered performance as a leader, on how its protagonist negotiates his own masculinity vis-à-vis women, hitmen, narco associates, and the nation in general by imposing a wilful brutality as a way of asserting dominance. Though the telenovela inadvertently humanizes the national monster by affording him an in-depth story, it also disrupts the myth of a powerful and self-controlled caudillo. This subversion is exemplified by Escobar’s peculiar attachment to his mother, which sabotages his image as an independent thinker, to reveal instead a proverbial mama’s boy incapable of mature relationships. Vásquez Velázquez’s El verdadero Escobar on the other hand, as well his various interviews both in print and on YouTube, exalt Escobar’s warrior ethos, and the sicario’s own warrior cult, by extension.
Who’s the Real Boss?
Authors: Pobutsky Aldona Bialowas
Published: January 2021

This chapter explores the mediac rebirth of Colombia’s so-called Cocaine Queen of the 1970s, whose criminal reign extended from Medellín to New York and Miami. It argues that Blanco’s posthumous celebrity status in popular culture took place once the media’s interest in Escobar and narcocultura became a well-established trend. This is evidenced by the emergence of two biographies, the telenovela La viuda negra, and extensive press coverage, all of which invariably compare her notoriety to that of Escobar. Also worthy of note is the Colombian influence on cocaine trafficking in Miami, where extreme violence and cash flow changed the city’s character from a mecca for retirees to a refashioned Wild West. Informed on Billy Corben’s documentaries Cocaine Cowboys (two installments) and Max Marmelstein’s criminal autobiography The Man Who Made It Snow, this chapter examines Griselda Blanco’s brutality as a narca in the U.S., her relationship with Pablo Escobar, and her volatile marriages and partners’ suspicious deaths, as well as her position in the drug trade, where her extreme cruelty kept her hitmen both in check and in constant admiration.
Estévez’s Artistic Journey
Authors: Cordones-Cook Juanamaría
Published: January 2021

In Chapter 4, Cordones-Cook’s biographical profile presents Estévez as many artists: actor, set designer, poet, painter, book-maker, and performance artist, as well as cultural activist. The biography spans from childhood to professional success and lasting legacy. Cordones-Cook discusses Vigía’s bricolage book production and its aesthetics nurtured by various distinguished artistic traditions as envisioned by Estévez. In addition, she comments on Estévez’s creation of one-of-a-kind books, installations, set designs, and performances.
Vigía Iconography and the Construction of a Cuban Identity
Authors: Larson Kim
Published: January 2021

Ediciones Vigia’s chief designer, Rolando Estévez Jordán, created his own artistic language by adopting and adapting iconography from a variety of traditions that span the vanguardia and New Art movements in Cuban art to ancient Greece statuary, medieval manuscripts, and modernist works of Western art. This chapter considers how Vigía created its own vision of twentieth-century Cuban history and contemporary Cuban identity through these allusions as well as the material designs of the books and the literature published within them.
Vigía and the Cuban Nation
Authors: Luis William
Published: January 2021

Ediciones Vigía emerged at a crucial juncture in the history of revolutionary Cuba: five years after the exodus of Mariel Boatlift in 1980 and six years before the onset of the Special Period in 1991. This chapter illuminates Vigía’s embodiment of the Cuban nation midway into its revolutionary cultural process by highlighting its position between extremes. Matanzas, isolated from the official and elite cultures in Havana, had a press that embraced the city’s history of artistic creativity, as well as its tradition of rebellion to create a heterogeneous and transcultural vision of Cuba.
Staging Discomfort
Authors: White Bretton
Published: January 2021

Staging Discomfort examines how queer bodies are theatrically represented on the Cuban stage in order to re-evaluate the role of categorization as one of the state’s primary revolutionary tools. These performances concentrate on an aesthetics of fluidity, and thus upset traditional understandings of performer and spectator, and what constitutes the ideal Cuban citizenry. New affective modes are produced when performing bodies highlight—often in uncomfortably intimate, grotesque, or raw ways—the unavoidability of spectators’ bodies, and their capacity for queerness. Here the imagining of new continuities and subjectivities can lead to a reconfiguration of forms of Cuban citizenship. The affective responses from the closeness experienced in the performances in Staging Discomfort are challenges to the Cuban state’s self-designated role as primary provider for the needs of its citizens’ bodies. Through the lens of queer theory, the manuscript explores the body’s centrality to the state’s deployment of fear to successfully marginalize gay life, which this group of works seeks to defuse through an articulation of intimacies, shame, the death drive, cruising, and failure. These affective experiences shape Cuban subjectivities that emerge out of queerness, but whose focus on inclusivity necessarily involves all Cubans. Several of the central questions that guide Staging Discomfort are: How is Cuban theater agile in its critiques considering the state’s limitations on expression? How do queer performances allow for new understandings about the effects of the state’s failing socialist utopian contract with its citizens? And, can Cuban bodies that come together in queer ways re-imagine Cuban citizenship?
Vexing Visibilities
Authors: White Bretton
Published: January 2021

Chapter 4 investigates the relationship between fear and perceptibility in the play Chamaco (2006) by Abel González Melo. Using works by queer theorist José Esteban Muñoz, it explores how gay and transvestite characters travel through and manipulate the central city spaces of Havana, most notably the Parque Central, transforming official, celebratory spaces of the nation into concealed meeting places that reveal the true, queer nature of the city. This chapter argues that this play is concerned with the ethereal, and that the transformative possibilities of queer sex—which in this play occur at the periphery of the city center—can encourage a multiplicity of citizenships that extend from the queer throughout the city, and not just at its edges. In Carlos Celdrán’s direction of Chamaco the physical spaces of stage and city are reconstructed by playing with what is visible to the audience and other characters via lighting. Celdrán makes previously “invisible” queer bodies visible by utilizing light as an inclusionary tactic. Further, he challenges ideas about utopia and dystopia, center and margin, hetero- and homonormative by collapsing the public and private spaces of street and home in his staging of the work.
Operation Pedro Pan and the Children Who Could Fly
Authors: Shnookal Deborah
Published: January 2021

Chapter 4 considers who initiated the airlift and how it was organized. This chapter suggests parents had many varied motives for sending their children to Miami. After the nationalization of education in Cuba, some Cubans regarded Operation Pedro Pan and the Cuban Children’s Program, which was set up by Father Bryan Walsh of the Catholic Welfare Bureau and funded by the federal government, as a free, all-expenses paid beca (or scholarship) to a U.S. private school. Other parents wanted to prevent their children from becoming involved in pro-government political activities, such as the literacy campaign, or alternatively become young anti-Castro activists. The author argues that the special visa waiver scheme for unaccompanied minors acted to encourage family separation rather than assist the emigration of Cubans as family groups, and that Catholic clergy, if not the Catholic church as an institution, played a significant role in promoting and organizing this scheme.
The New Brazilian Mediascape
Authors: Carter Eli Lee
Published: January 2021

In this book, Eli Carter explores the ways in which the movement away from historically popular telenovelas toward new television and internet series is creating dramatic shifts in how Brazil imagines itself as a nation, especially within the context of an increasingly connected global mediascape. For more than half a century, South America’s largest over-the-air network, TV Globo, produced long-form melodramatic serials that cultivated the notion of the urban, upper-middle-class white Brazilian. Carter looks at how the expansion of internet access, the popularity of web series, the rise of independent production companies, and new legislation not only challenged TV Globo’s market domination but also began to change the face of Brazil’s growing audiovisual landscape. Combining sociohistorical, economic, and legal contextualization with close readings of audiovisual productions, Carter argues that a fragmented media has opened the door to new voices and narratives that represent a more diverse Brazilian identity.
Die langfristige Bindung von Gesellschaftern
Authors: Ockert Franziska
Published: January 2021

Corporations exist independent of the actual shareholder base. The tension between this classification and the individual needs of the shareholders and of the company alike to bind the shareholders, which can occur in different variations, is a source of conflict.

This thesis investigates the reasons why shareholders may be bound to companies in the long term, which mechanisms are available and which mechanisms are suitable for the pursuit of different binding purposes.
Digitale Wissensorganisation
Authors: Linke Christian
Published: January 2021

The thesis investigates the attribution of knowledge in the use of autonomous systems in enterprises. It analyzes the challenges posed by digitization and artificial intelligence to the practical topic in contractual and non-contractual relationships, when information is increasingly processed by algorithms instead of humans. Using an environmentally sensitive legal approach, it develops an innovation-open concept of knowledge attribution for the 21st century. In doing so, the work is practice-oriented and focuses on the areas of application of autonomous systems in enterprises: information acquisition and evaluation, decision making, and decision and decision implementation.
The Eagle on My Arm
Authors: Guerin Dava , Bivens Terry , Davis Jack E. , Scholz Floyd
Published: January 2021

The Eagle on My Arm details the journey to recovery of Vietnam veteran Patrick Bradley. Enlisting at the age of eighteen, Bradley was mortified by the scenes in the North Vietnam jungles, and found himself unable to cope. At a psychiatrist’s recommendation, Bradley traveled to the Canadian wilderness where he spent three years studying and documenting bald eagles and their behavior. He made groundbreaking discoveries during his research, linking the use of chemical DDT to the decrease in southern bald eagle populations. Additionally, he made notable progress in his recovery, able to better control his previously unmitigated anger and rage. Bradley teamed up with other veterans to form the Avian Veteran Alliance in 2015, a non-profit that pairs wounded warriors with injured birds of prey. Where the Eagles Soar, written by biographers Dava Guerin and Terry Bivens, is one of only a handful of books concerned with the unique link between avian therapy and wounded warrior recovery. Introducing the psychiatric benefits of avian and animal therapy is crucial to the cultural climate regarding mental health, and sheds light on positive and exciting alternatives in the study of PTSD among war veterans.
METAPHORIC REPRESENTATION OF THE CONCEPT “CREATIVE PROCESS” IN V. NABOKOV’S NOVEL “THE GIFT”
Authors: Golovnyova Yuliya , Novikova Albina
Published: January 2021

Descriptions of the process of artistic creation take an outstanding place in V. Nabokov’s works and abound both in conventional and creative metaphors. In this article we analyze metaphoric representation of the concept “creative process” in V. Nabokov’s novel “The Gift”. The theoretical basis of research is the descriptor theory of metaphor by A.N. Baranov. The article reveals the most frequent metaphorical models of creative process in the novel and the areas of its metaphoric conceptualization.
THE LANGUAGE COMPONENT OF THE FILM “SERF” AS A REFLECTION OF THE LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF MODERN RUSSIAN COLLOQUIAL SPEECH (RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE)
Authors: Rubtsova Evgeniya , Romanova Tatiana
Published: January 2021

This article describes some features of modern Russian speech, through an analysis of the phonetic, lexical, morphological and syntactic material in the film “Serf”. This material can be used in teaching Russian to foreign higher education students with advanced language skills.
FACT AND ALLEGORY: TWO POLES IN THE REPRESENTATION OF WAR (ON THE EXAMPLE OF “WAR’S UNWOMANLY FACE” BY S. ALEXIEVICH AND “THE CURSED AND THE SLAIN” BY V. ASTAFIEV)
Authors: Gubskaya Olga , Jilevich Olga
Published: January 2021

The military actions of the 20th century (Revolutions, the First and Second World Wars, the Cold War, the war in Kosovo, Chechnya, Iraq) left a terrifying mark on the history. The article discusses traditional and innovative forms of recreating the military context in the Russian and Russophone Belarusian military prose on the example of V. Astafiev and S. Alexievich’s works.
INTEGRATING POETRY INTO THE FOREIGN LANGUAGE CLASSROOM FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
Authors: Savchenko Tatiana
Published: January 2021

The article deals with the theoretical foundations of foreign language acquisition which are related to the integration of poetic texts into foreign language teaching. The article defines poetic text and its role in foreign language teaching and focuses on the selected foreign language acquisition theories and their interconnectedness with using poetic texts in the teaching of foreign languages.
Nesnesitelná lehkost zpracování osobních údajů orgány veřejné správy
Authors: Míšek Jakub , Bartoš Vojtěch
Published: January 2021

Zákon o zpracování osobních údajů přinesl některá specifická pravidla pro zpracování osobních údajů ze strany orgánů veřejné moci a veřejných subjektů. Jedním z těchto specifik je nemožnost uložit těmto subjektům správní sankci v případě porušení pravidel ochrany osobních údajů. Autoři tohoto článku se zaměřili na existenci a dosavadní aplikaci této výjimky ze sankční pravomoci ze strany Úřadu pro ochranu osobních údajů. Předkládají přehled dosavadní rozhodovací praxe úřadu a podrobují ji kritické analýze. Tuto analýzu pak zasazují do obecnějšího teoretického rámce důležitého pro pochopení fungování regulace ochrany osobních údajů v rámci Obecného nařízení o ochraně osobních údajů. Konkrétně se věnují sankce v regulaci vystavěné na performativních pravidlech, tak jako je tomu v případě Obecného nařízení. Autoři dovozují konkrétní negativní důsledky současné právní úpravy a její aplikace v konkrétních případech a přicházejí s návrhy řešení spočívajícího v legislativních úpravách i změně interpretace současného znění zákona.
Estrategias de permeabilidad en proyectos de gerohabitación
Authors: Pérez-Duarte Fernández Alejandro , Cruz Petit Bruno
Published: January 2021

Ante la demanda creciente de habitación especializada para las personas adultas mayores resulta imprescindible examinar el proyecto habitacional colectivo a partir de criterios no solo geriátricos sino gerontológicos también. Considerando las fragilidades que este grupo puede presentar (falta de contactos interpersonales y/o estimulación) hay aspectos proyectuales que pueden contribuir positivamente. Partiendo de una reflexión sobre la demolición parcial de la residencia De Drei Hoven de H. Hetzberger, modelo en el sector en los años setenta, se discuten aquí nuevos principios de organización abierta al trazado urbano, que dan lugar a un mayor abanico de posibilidades para la vida multigeneracional. En una revisión de aspectos formales, y programáticos en proyectos sobresalientes en este tipo de edificios se detectan tres estrategias; imán de atracción, corta camino y superposición de programas. Subyace en ellas una tendencia relacionada con la voluntad de hacer permeable la edificación, buscando potencializar el contacto social y la vida activa.

Davant la demanda creixent d'habitació especialitzada per a les persones adultes majors resulta imprescindible examinar el projecte d’habitatge col·lectiu a partir de criteris no només geriàtrics sinó gerontològics també. Considerant les fragilitats que aquest grup pot presentar (manca de contactes interpersonals i estimulació) hi ha aspectes del projecte que poden contribuir positivament. Partint d'una reflexió sobre la demolició parcial de la residència De Drei Hoven d'H Hetzberger, model en el sector en els anys setanta, es discuteixen aquí nous principis d'organització oberta al traçat urbà, que donen lloc a un major ventall de possibilitats per a la vida multigeneracional. En una revisió d'aspectes formals, i programàtics projectes excel·lents en aquest tipus d'edificis es detecten tres estratègies; imant d'atracció, curta camí i superposició de programes. Es desvetlla en elles una tendència relacionada amb la voluntat de fer permeable l'edificació, buscant potenciar el contacte social i la vida activa.

Given the growing demand for specialized housing for the elderly, it is essential to consider the housing project based on criteria not only geriatric but also gerontological. Considering fragilities that older people can present, the lack of interpersonal contacts, and/or stimulation, there are certain project aspects that can contribute positively. Starting with a view on the partial demolition of the De Drei Hoven residence by H. Hetzberger, a model in the 1970s, new organizational principles are discussed opened to the urban layout, and which make a wider range with a multi-generational presence possible. In a review of the project and program aspects, three strategies are detected: attraction magnet, road cutting, and program overlapping. There is a tendency related to the will to make the building permeable, seeking to potentialize social contact and active life.
Transgender Policies and Catholic Schools
Authors: Zalot Jozef ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: January 2021

Over the past few years The National Catholic Bioethics Center (NCBC) has received numerous inquiries from Catholic school principals and superintendents asking for guidance on how they can (1) respond to gender ideology in their schools and (2) address the particular challenges that arise when a student (or parent) announces that he or she is transgender. In the absence of specific, practical guidance on these issues from the US bishops or the Church universal, these administrators are confused and often at a loss for what they should—and should not—do. The NCBC reviewed various Catholic school policies concerning transgenderism to identify best practices. The following list is neither complete nor exhaustive. Instead it is presented as a guide or framework for other schools to use in drafting their own policies in response to this powerful, but erroneous, social trend.
Biological response of maize hybrids to simulated glyphosate drift
Authors: Meseldžija Maja , Jaćimović Goran , Dudić Milica , Gaža Daniel
Published: January 2021

The effect of simulated glyphosate drift on six maize hybrids (NS 6102, as 334, Lucius, Confites, DKC 5031 and P0216) was investigated in Kulpin during the vegetation season of 2018. Glyphosate was applied in two growth stages: in stages 3-4 and 6-7 of fully formed maize leaves, with five different sublethal doses of the herbicide: 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 g ha-1. Phytotoxicity assessments of glyphosate were performed 7, 14, and 21 days after herbicide application. Analysis of the results has shown that glyphosate in the dose of 160 g ha-1 in the phase of 3-4 maize leaves caused only slight damages, without affecting the height and grain yield, while phytotoxicity was not observed at lower applied doses. Significant phytotoxicity on maize plants in the form of chlorosis, leaf curling and notable necrotic area was found when applying glyphosate in the dose of 160 g ha-1 in the phase of 6-7 leaves. Maize hybrids tested in this treatment have achieved an 81% lower yield on average, when compared to the control. Hybrids treated with the dose of 80 g ha-1 of glyphosate had a reduced yield by 30%, while in other lower doses the reduction in yield ranged between 25 and 18%, compared to the control.