bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Técnico versus participativo: discursos de uma disputa
Authors: Mariano Nassif Salomão Thaís
Published: March 2020

A partir de um referencial teórico, que salienta o caráter político da disputa pela cidade, este artigo busca um melhor entendimento a respeito das materialidades simbólicas que integram essa disputa. Uma recuperação histórica da ascensão da participação em meio ao tradicionalmente tecnocrático campo do planejamento urbano brasileiro delimita o técnico e o participativo como discursos de poder que se contrapõem na tomada de decisão sobre o espaço urbano. Estabelecido o contexto histórico desta reflexão, o processo participativo tardio vinculado à proposta de implantação de uma Operação Urbana Consorciada no município de Belo Horizonte serve de objeto para o apontamento da relevância de tal disputa. Trata-se de uma disputa não apenas entre esses dois discursos, mas também pelo significado desses termos – técnico e participativo – como via essencial para uma produção mais democrática do espaço.
PMCMV – Faixa 1: O que motiva as famílias a deixarem sua tão sonhada casa própria?
Authors: Velloso Cintia Maria
Published: March 2020

O presente trabalho busca estudar as causas de abandono, venda e locação das unidades habitacionais dos condomínios verticalizados do programa “Minha Casa, Minha Vida”, para famílias com renda de até três salários mínimos, no município de São José dos Campos. O estudo consiste no levantamento bibliográfico e nas entrevistas com os agentes envolvidos analisando a origem e o perfil socioeconômico dos beneficiários, assim como do processo de mudança e adaptação à vida em condomínio. Como resultado final será possível demonstrar que o PMCMV resolve parcialmente o problema do déficit habitacional, porém não isentam as famílias da situação de vulnerabilidade social, motivando-as, muitas vezes, a deixar sua tão sonhada casa própria.
Entorno de bens tombados e desafios entre legislação, técnica e valores urbanos
Authors: Nito Mariana Kimie da Silva
Published: March 2020

A proteção do patrimônio cultural edificado no Brasil compreendeu, desde seu início, a preservação por meio de seu ambiente. Vizinhança, entorno, área envoltória ou zona de amortecimento são algumas denominações para o mesmo conceito referente à área que circunda o bem tombado e está sujeita a restrições de uso e de ocupação para preservá-lo por meio do seu espaço adjacente. O artigo tem como objetivo analisar o entorno de bens tombados e suas interfaces com a cidade, abordando os desafios em sua concepção como instrumento de preservação. Para tanto, inicialmente apresentamos como o entorno foi concebido como parte de uma política urbana pelas políticas nacionais de patrimônio. Depois, exploramos as competências legais e a relação do patrimônio com o planejamento urbano a partir do entorno do Teatro Oficina. E, por fim, investigamos a temática de entorno no Projeto de Intervenção Urbana (PIU) Setor Central da cidade de São Paulo, um projeto urbano municipal que tem como um dos eixos principais o patrimônio. Assim, pretendemos contribuir com as reflexões sobre como entorno de bens tombados pode se articular com a gestão urbana, tornando-se uma política de preservação do patrimônio cultural.
DISCOVERING SUPPORT NEEDED FOR STARTUPS IN THEIR EARLY STAGES USING ON PENTA HELIX FRAMEWORK
Authors: Sudiana Kiki , Sule Erni Tisnawati , Soemaryani Imas , Yunizar Yunizar
Published: March 2020

Startup companies are expected to become the new engines of economic growth through the rise of new innovation-based entrepreneurs. The Penta Helix framework is widely used as a framework to analyse factors related to the development of innovation-based companies. The use of the Penta Helix framework as the unit of analysis is considered to be relevant because this framework offers a comprehensive perspective and is in line with the economic development innovation and knowledge-based startups. However, there is a lack of research that has been conducted that analyse the nature of support that can be given to startups at their early-stage of creation using the Penta Helix framework that consists of five stakeholders namely Academicians, Businessmen, Government, Communities. This study aims to propose a conceptual model about the nature of support needed by startups in order to survive in their initial stages by using the Penta Helix Framework. This study is a qualitative one using the Focus Group Discussion method, in which participants are made of six early stages technology-based startup founders and CEOs, who were gathered to conduct several discussions regarding the topics. Our results show that obstacles faced by startups include among other: difficulties in obtaining qualified yet affordable workforce in facing existing competitors, difficulties in increasing sales, difficulties in managing product development costs, no adequate support from the government, and ineffective incubation programs. A model that consists of lists of support that startups need, was depict as main contribution from the discussion, named Penta Helix support for startups. This model offers comprehensive practical guide for policy makers to support startups from five perspectives.
FINANCE BUSINESS PARTNERING AND MANUFACTURING FIRMS’ PERFORMANCE: A MEDIATING ROLE OF NON-FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
Authors: Zhang Yi Fei , Namazi Mohammad , Guo Yong Qing , Li Xuan
Published: March 2020

The effect of finance business partnering (FBP) implementation on the firm performance remains
largely unexplored. The main aims of this study are to investigate whether there is a significant effect between FBP
and firm performance and to identify the mediating effect of non-financial performance between FBP and firm performance.
A questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 117 Chinese manufacturing firms in the year 2018, and research hypotheses
were tested by partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The findings showed that 1) FBP does not exert
a significant and direct effect on the firms’ financial performance, 2) when non-financial measures (employees performance,
internal process performance, and market performance) are used as mediating variables, the effect of all the three mediating
variables on the relationship between FBP and non-financial variables are positive and significant. However, when the relationship
between non-financial measures and firm’s performance is considered, the mediating effect of the non- financial variables is
positive and significant only for the market performance. This study provides, for the first time, empirical evidence that
non-financial performance, such as employee skills, internal processes, and market performance, can be enhanced by considering
FBP. It also provides practical implications suggesting that manufacturing firms should motivate finance staff to be involved
in various decision-making processes.
Analysis of Turbulence Properties in the Mercury Plasma Environment Using MESSENGER Observations
Authors: Huang S. Y. , Wang Q. Y. , Sahraoui F. , Yuan Z. G. , Liu Y. J. , Deng X. H. , Sun W. J. , Jiang K. , Xu S. B. , Yu X. D. , Wei Y. Y. , Zhang J.
Published: March 2020

Turbulence is ubiquitous in space and astrophysical plasmas, such as the solar wind, planetary magnetospheres, and the interstellar medium. It plays a key role in converting electric and magnetic energies into kinetic energy of the plasma particles. Here, the properties of MHD and kinetic-scale magnetic fluctuations in the Mercury environment are investigated using data collected by the MESSENGER spacecraft from 2011 March 23 to 2015 April 28. It is found that spectral indices at MHD scales vary from ∼−5/3 in the near-Planet solar wind (possibly the foreshock) to ∼−1.3 within the magnetosheath close to bow shock. The spectra steepen further in the magnetosheath close to magnetopause, and reach ∼−2.2 within the magnetosphere. Only 15% of events were found to have the Kolmogorov scaling ∼−5/3 in the magnetosheath. The high variability of the spectral indices implies that the scaling of turbulent fluctuations in the magnetosheath is not universal, and it emphasizes the role of the bow shock on the turbulence dynamics, at least at the largest scales. Analysis of the magnetic compressibility shows that only ∼30% of events with Kolmogorov inertial range in the magnetosheath are dominated by (shear) Alfvénic fluctuations, which contrasts with well-known features of solar wind turbulence. At kinetic scales, the steepest spectra (slopes ∼−2.8) occur in the solar wind, before flattening to ∼−2 near the bow shock, then steepening again to ∼−2.8 in the magnetosheath. The spectral indices at kinetic scales are close to the ones at large scales in the magnetosphere, which may be caused by the presence of heavy ions in the latter. The statistical results are compared with previous observations reported in other planetary plasma environments.
HST/COS Observations of Quasar Outflows in the 500–1050 Å Rest Frame. II. The Most Energetic Quasar Outflow Measured to Date
Authors: Xu Xinfeng , Arav Nahum , Miller Timothy , Kriss Gerard A. , Plesha Rachel
Published: March 2020

We present a study of the BAL outflows seen in quasar SDSS J1042+1646 (z = 0.978) in the rest-frame 500–1050 Å (EUV500) region. The results are based on the analysis of recent Hubble Space Telescope/Cosmic Origins Spectrograph observations. Five outflow systems are identified, where, in total, they include ∼70 outflow troughs from ionic transitions. These include the first non-solar detections from transitions of O v*, Ne v*, Ar vi, Ca vi, Ca vii, and Ca viii. The appearance of very high-ionization species (e.g., Ne viii, Na ix, and Mg x) in all outflows necessitates at least two ionization phases for the observed outflows. We develop an interactive Synthetic Spectral Simulation method to fit the multitude of observed troughs. Detections of density sensitive troughs (e.g., S iv* λ661.40 Å and the O v* multiplet) allow us to determine the distance of the outflows (R) as well as their energetics. Two of the outflows are at R ≃ 800 pc and one is at R ≃ 15 pc. One of the outflows has the highest kinetic luminosity on record (

erg s−1), which is 20% of its Eddington luminosity. Such a large ratio suggests that this outflow can provide the energy needed for active galactic nucleus feedback mechanisms.
YZiCS: Unveiling the Quenching History of Cluster Galaxies Using Phase-space Analysis
Authors: Rhee Jinsu , Smith Rory , Choi Hoseung , Contini Emanuele , Jung S. Lyla , Han San , Yi Sukyoung K.
Published: March 2020

We used the time since infall (TSI) of galaxies, obtained from the Yonsei Zoom-in Cluster Simulation, and the star formation rate (SFR) from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 10 to study how quickly the star formation of disk galaxies is quenched in cluster environments. We first confirm that both simulated and observed galaxies are consistently distributed in phase space. We then hypothesize that the TSI and SFR are causally connected; thus, both the TSI and SFR of galaxies at each position of phase space can be associated through abundance matching. Using a flexible model, we derive the star formation history (SFH) of cluster galaxies that best reproduces the relationship between the TSI and SFR at z ∼ 0.08. According to this SFH, we find that galaxies with M
* > 109.5
M
⊙ generally follow the so-called “delayed-then-rapid” quenching pattern. Our main results are as follows: (i) part of the quenching takes place outside clusters through mass quenching and preprocessing. The e-folding timescale of this “ex situ quenching phase” is roughly 3 Gyr with a strong inverse mass dependence. (ii) The pace of quenching is maintained roughly for 2 Gyr (“delay time”) during the first crossing time into the cluster. During the delay time, quenching remains gentle, probably because gas loss happens primarily on hot and neutral gases. (iii) Quenching becomes more dramatic (e-folding timescale of roughly 1 Gyr) after delay time, probably because ram pressure stripping is strongest near the cluster center. Counterintuitively, more massive galaxies show shorter quenching timescales mainly because they enter their clusters with lower gas fractions due to ex situ quenching.
Improving Geometric and Dynamical Constraints on Cosmology with Intrinsic Alignments of Galaxies
Authors: Taruya Atsushi , Okumura Teppei
Published: March 2020

We show that the spatial correlation of the intrinsic alignments (IAs) of galaxies, measured in galaxy redshift surveys, offers a precision route to improve the geometrical and dynamical constraints on cosmology. The IA has been treated as a contaminant against cosmological probes such as weak gravitational lensing experiments. However, the large-scale correlation of IAs is expected to follow the coherent large-scale matter inhomogeneities. Here, making use of its anisotropic nature, we show that the large-scale IA correlations help to improve the measurements of the geometric distances and growth of structure. In combination with the conventional galaxy clustering statistics, we find that constraints on equation-of-state parameter for dark energy and Hubble parameter can be tighter than those from the clustering statistics alone by a factor of more than 1.5.
A preliminary phylogeny of cave trechine beetles from China (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini)
Authors: Huang Sunbin , Tian Mingyi , Faille Arnaud
Published: March 2020

Coleoptera is one of the most successful groups among the subterranean fauna. Within Carabidae, 25 tribes have been reported in subterranean habitats, including the first representative of the tribe Patrobini, just described from Southern China. Amongst them, Trechini is the most diverse and cave-specialized group, and the numerous lineages of this group which have diversified underground make it an excellent model for the study of evolutionary mechanisms.

In China, 152 species within 52 genera of Trechini have been described so far. In order to unveil the relationships and origin of this remarkable biodiversity and to understand the evolutionary success of this group, we infer the first phylogeny of the group by using molecular sequence data from four genes (two mitochondrial markers: cox1 and 16S; plus two nuclear: 18S and 28S). We found that the Chinese cave Trechini do not form a monophyletic clade and we identified three main independent subterranean clades. To define the systematic position of the main clades on a worldwide scale, we gathered other Trechini sequence data from different lineages and part of the world. The preliminary results will be presented in this talk.
Revision of Fothergilla (Hamamelidaceae), including resurrection of F. parvifolia and a new species, F. milleri
Authors: Haynes Jake E. , Phillips Whitney D. , Krings Alexander , Lynch Nathan P. , Ranney Thomas G.
Published: March 2020

Fothergillais a small genus of deciduous shrubs native to the southeastern United States that depending on circumscription comprises two to four species. Recent treatments recognized only two species in the genus:F. gardenii(tetraploid) andF. major(hexaploid). Until recently, no diploid taxon ofFothergillawas known. However, recent investigations identified a number of diploid populations in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina. A subsequent phylogenomic analysis showed that the diploids segregated into two, well-supported lineages, corresponding to largely allopatric populations. A re-examination of the morphology of diploid plants, in combination with the genetic evidence, has led us to the recognition of two species of diploids in the genus – a resurrectedF. parvifoliaand a new species (F. milleriW.D. Phillips & J.E. Haynes,sp. nov.) – bringing the total number of recognized species inFothergillato four. A revised taxonomic treatment of the genus is provided.
SURGICAL ANATOMY OF THE RADIAL NERVE IN THE ARM: PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF THE BRANCHING PATTERNS TO THE TRICEPS BRACHII
Authors: Stanescu Stephan , Post James , Ebraheim Nabil A , Bailey Alexander S , Yeasting Richard
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT

Thirty-three cadaveric dissections were performed to identify radial nerve branching patterns to the triceps brachii. Radial innervation of the long head of the triceps originated in the axilla in 88% of the cases and the brachio-axillary angle in 12%. Innervation of the medial head of the triceps originated in the spiral groove in 52% of the cases, the brachio-axillary angle in 39%, and the axilla in 9%. The lateral head was innervated by branches arising in the spiral groove in 70% of the cases, the brachio-axillary angle in 24%, and the axilla in 6%. On average, the radial nerve crossed the midline in the proximal 45% of the arm, 3 cm superior to the level of the deltoid insertion. An intramuscular tendon was present in the medial head of the triceps. The tendon, located medial to the midline of the arm, was seen in all specimens. This tendon serves as an interneural plane with nerve branches descending on either side, but never crossing from one side to the other. Due to the complexity of radial nerve branching, this tendon may be used as a reference plane for longitudinal splitting of the medial head minimizing the risk of nerve damage.
Bilateral Keratomalacia Leading to Blindness Secondary to Diet-Induced Vitamin A Deficiency in Infants
Authors: Wadhwani Meenakshi , Singh Rahul
Published: March 2020

Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays an important role in the development of the immune system, and a deficiency can cause blindness associated with xerophthalmia and premature mortality. Blindness from vitamin A deficiency is avoidable if supplements such as breast milk and other food fortification are provided to neonates at the time of weaning. The authors describe two infants who presented with keratomalacia and subsequent blindness.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2020;57:e12–e14.]
Near Reflex Substitution for Horizontal Gaze Palsy in a Patient With Facial Colliculus Syndrome
Authors: Feizi Mohadaseh , Bagheri Abbas , Latifi Zahra , Tavakoli Mehdi
Published: March 2020

Paradoxical convergence movements on attempted side gaze have been rarely reported in horizontal gaze palsy. The authors report the clinical manifestation of right-sided facial colliculus syndrome in a 9-year-old girl who manifested convergence, miosis, and myopic shift on attempting right gaze that was treated with strabismus surgery, and provide a comprehensive literature review.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2020;57:e15–e18.]
A Novel Surgical Approach in the Management of Peters Anomaly With Glaucoma
Authors: Sheheitli Huda , Groth Sylvia L. , Chang Ta Chen Peter , Hodapp Elizabeth A. , Grajewski Alana L.
Published: March 2020

Treatment options for Peters anomaly vary depending on the degree of corneal and lenticular involvement. The authors report a novel surgical approach for patients with type I Peters anomaly and glaucoma. It involves ab externo circumferential trabeculotomy, simultaneous lysis of iridocorneal adhesions at the time of trabecular cleavage, and optical iridectomy.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2020;57:e25–e29.]
CRB1
-Related Cystic Maculopathy in Twins Conceived Through Heterologous Fertilization With Variant-Carrying Oocytes
Authors: Paolacci Stefano , Iarossi Giancarlo , Gusson Elena , Maltese Paolo Enrico , Dallavilla Tiziano , Fanelli Francesca , Zulian Alessandra , Cerra Davide , Unfer Vittorio , Marchini Giorgio , Bertelli Matteo
Published: March 2020

Cystic maculopathy has been associated with genetic disorders such as retinitis pigmentosa, X-linked retinoschisis, cone dystrophy, and foveal retinoschisis. Familial foveal retinoschisis was recently described as a rare disease caused by
CRB1
variants. The authors report the phenotype-genotype pattern of a pair of dizygotic twins with early-onset cystic maculopathy due to
CRB1
pathogenic variants. The twins were conceived by heterologous fertilization with variant-carrying oocytes. The probands were monitored for a period of 4 years. Next generation sequencing of a panel of genes responsible for retinal dystrophies was performed. Both children carried three pathogenic variants in
CRB1
: a novel heterozygous truncating variant p.(Val855*) inherited from the father and two known heterozygous missense variants, p.[(Phe144Val; Thr745Met)], inherited from the oocyte donor. The findings confirm that
CRB1
variants can be responsible for foveal retinoschisis with variable clinical expressivity ranging from schitic macular alteration to early-onset forms of cystic maculopathy. The authors highlight the importance of exome analysis of gamete donors to assess the likelihood of recessively inherited disorders by means of a prediction algorithm able to combine parent and donor exome data.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2020;57:e19–e24.]
Evaluation of prevention and control interventions and its impact on the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 in Chongqing and Guizhou Provinces
Authors: Dai Chenxi ,   School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China, Yang Jing , Wang Kaifa ,   Department of Obstertrics and Gynaecology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550001, China,   School of Mathematics and Statistics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Published: March 2020

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is still severe. In order to optimize the epidemic response strategy, it is urgent to evaluate the implemented prevention and control interventions (PCIs). Based on the reported data of Chongqing and Guizhou Provinces, the phased dynamic models of COVID-19 were constructed, the average intensity of the existing PCIs (from January 25 to March 2) was estimated in these two provinces. The results indicate that both provinces have carried out better control of the infected, but there are still differences in the intensity of control for people who need close observation. Especially in Chongqing, the estimated strength is significantly smaller than that in Guizhou. Furthermore, qualitative evaluations on the epidemic of COVID-19 under different PCIs scenarios suggest that containment strategy is still necessary to ensure the safety of resumption of work and school, and quarantining the city of Wuhan is an important and effective containment strategy to reduce the epidemic in other provinces.
A discrete stochastic model of the COVID-19 outbreak: Forecast and control
Authors: He Sha ,   School of Mathematics and Information Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China, Tang Sanyi , Rong Libin ,   Department of Mathematics, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, USA
Published: March 2020

The novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) is spreading and has caused a large-scale infection in China since December 2019. This has led to a significant impact on the lives and economy in China and other countries. Here we develop a discrete-time stochastic epidemic model with binomial distributions to study the transmission of the disease. Model parameters are estimated on the basis of fitting to newly reported data from January 11 to February 13, 2020 in China. The estimates of the contact rate and the effective reproductive number support the efficiency of the control measures that have been implemented so far. Simulations show the newly confirmed cases will continue to decline and the total confirmed cases will reach the peak around the end of February of 2020 under the current control measures. The impact of the timing of returning to work is also evaluated on the disease transmission given different strength of protection and control measures.
Analysis of a WWII T-2 Tanker Using a Virtual 3D Model and Contemporary Criteria
Authors: Bonnici C , De Marco Muscat-Fenech C , Ghirlando R
Published: March 2020

The S.S. Ohio that saved the Maltese from capitulation during WWII made it to Malta barely afloat on the 15th of August 1942. Historical literature provides three main hypotheses as to why the tanker did not sink under heavy attack, namely: the use of water pumps partially restored buoyancy, the cargo density and a strong fully welded hull. A stability, floodable length and residual strength analysis was conducted to confirm or disprove the hypotheses. The results indicated that the vessel was stable, the water pumps partially restored buoyancy and was sinking despite her welded structure and cargo on-board. A challenge was to draw a comparison between the results and applicable criteria. At the time, criteria only governed the ship’s scantlings and did not focus on stability, floodable length and residual strength. The research provided engineering evidence on how the S.S. Ohio survived, whilst contemporary criteria were identified to assess the tanker’s characteristics.
Prediction of the Dynamic Response of a Ship in Head Waves Using OpenFOAM Toolbox
Authors: Yao J
Published: March 2020

Ships and marine structures, such as oil tanker, offshore platforms, etc., usually face extreme seaway environment in real situation. If under the action of strong waves large amplitude motions will occur, with the result that they may not work as usual or even lose stability. Thus, it is of great importance to access their dynamic responses under such bad conditions at the initial design stage, so as to ensure normal usage and safety. Herein, the original RANS (Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes) solver based on OpenFOAM Toolbox has been extended to predict dynamic responses of ships and marine structures in waves. A new “inlet-velocity boundary condition” was implemented to generate waves. A damping term for wave absorption was added to the right-hand side of RANS equations in order to avoid wave reflection from the boundary where waves leave the computational domain. The related numerical methods are described in this paper. The purpose of this paper is to present a validation of the approach used. The prediction of the dynamic response of a ship in head waves was the focus. Five cases with different wave lengths and heights were considered. The predicted results, i.e. time histories of total resistance, heave and pitch, were compared with available experimental data and analysed. In addition, due to current experience it is very necessary that effort is devoted to determining appropriate grid and time step, so as to ensure the quality of waves generated.
Alternative Assessment of Weather Criterion for Ships with Large Breadth and Draught Ratios By a Model Experiment: A Case Study on an Indonesian Ro-Ro Ferry
Authors: Paroka D , Asri S , Rosmani  , Hamzah
Published: March 2020

The weather criterion is one of stability criteria to verify ability of a ships to withstand the combined effects of severe wind and rolling criteria in dead ship condition. An overestimated roll angle is obtained when the weather criterion is applied to ships with breadth and draught ratios larger than 3.50 and ratios between vertical centre of gravity and draught larger than 1.50. This paper discusses the assessment of weather criterion for an Indonesian ro-ro ferry by model experiments. The drift test is performed in four wave steepnesses with wave frequencies near the roll natural frequency. The maximum roll amplitude is used to calculate the effective wave slope coefficient corresponding to the wave steepness, with Bertin’s coefficient obtained by the roll decay test. The damping factors correspond to the breadth and draught ratio as well as the bilge keel contribution are determined using the formula of weather criterion with the roll angle obtained by the Japanese formula with a correction factor of 0.70 due to the irregularity of waves. The obtained effective wave slope coefficient and the damping factors due to breadth and draught ratio and the bilge keel are smaller than those used in the weather criterion.
Parametric Formulation of the Floodable Length Curve: Application Case to Offshore Patrol Vessels
Authors: Gualeni P , Balanzoni G , Bocola V , Di Mare G A
Published: March 2020

The residual buoyancy of vessels after damage has a fundamental role in their survivability and it is implemented through adequate ship internal subdivision. Traditionally the number and the position of transverse watertight bulkheads are selected for most ships early in the design phase by means of the “floodable length curve” coupled with the concept of “margin line”. However, for naval vessels, it is more and more common during the acquisition process to explore a wide domain of feasible ships, identified with the assistance of automated processes and assessed also in terms of capabilities, among which is survivability. The generation and the comparison of a considerable number of different ship configurations is very time consuming. Therefore recourse to a parametric expression of the floodable length curve is considered to be a very efficient approach and would thus enable characterisation of the ship, in terms of survivability performance. In this paper such an approach is presented, using an offshore patrol vessel (OPV) as the case study.
Nonlinear Tax Incidence and Optimal Taxation in General Equilibrium
Authors: Sachs Dominik , Tsyvinski Aleh , Werquin Nicolas
Published: March 2020

We study the incidence of nonlinear labor income taxes in an economy with a continuum of endogenous wages. We derive in closed form the effects of reforming nonlinearly an arbitrary tax system, by showing that this problem can be formalized as an integral equation. Our tax incidence formulas are valid both when the underlying assignment of skills to tasks is fixed or endogenous. We show qualitatively and quantitatively that contrary to conventional wisdom, if the tax system is initially suboptimal and progressive, the general‐equilibrium “trickle‐down” forces may raise the benefits of increasing the marginal tax rates on high incomes. We finally derive a parsimonious characterization of optimal taxes.
Geography, Transportation, and Endogenous Trade Costs
Authors: Brancaccio Giulia , Kalouptsidi Myrto , Papageorgiou Theodore
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we study the role of the transportation sector in world trade. We build a spatial model that centers on the interaction of the market for (oceanic) transportation services and the market for world trade in goods. The model delivers equilibrium trade flows, as well as equilibrium trade costs (shipping prices). Using detailed data on vessel movements and shipping prices, we document novel facts about shipping patterns; we then flexibly estimate our model. We use this setup to demonstrate that the transportation sector (i) attenuates differences in the comparative advantage across countries; (ii) generates network effects in trade costs; and (iii) dampens the impact of shocks on trade flows. These three mechanisms reveal a new role for geography in international trade that was previously concealed by the frequently‐used assumption of exogenous trade costs. Finally, we illustrate how our setup can be used for policy analysis by evaluating the impact of future and existing infrastructure projects (e.g., Northwest Passage, Panama Canal).
The Speed of Innovation Diffusion in Social Networks
Authors: Arieli Itai , Babichenko Yakov , Peretz Ron , Young H. Peyton
Published: March 2020

New ways of doing things often get started through the actions of a few innovators, then diffuse rapidly as more and more people come into contact with prior adopters in their social network. Much of the literature focuses on the speed of diffusion as a function of the network topology. In practice, the topology may not be known with any precision, and it is constantly in flux as links are formed and severed. Here, we establish an upper bound on the expected waiting time until a given proportion of the population has adopted that holds independently of the network structure. Kreindler and Young (2014) demonstrated such a bound for regular networks when agents choose between two options: the innovation and the status quo. Our bound holds for directed and undirected networks of arbitrary size and degree distribution, and for multiple competing innovations with different payoffs.
Contract Enforcement and Productive Efficiency: Evidence From the Bidding and Renegotiation of Power Contracts in India
Authors: Ryan Nicholas
Published: March 2020

Weak contract enforcement may reduce the efficiency of production in developing countries. I study how contract enforcement affects efficiency in procurement auctions for the largest power projects in India. I gather data on bidding and ex post contract renegotiation and find that the renegotiation of contracts in response to cost shocks is widespread, despite that bidders are allowed to index their bids to future costs like the price of coal. To study heterogeneity in bidding strategies, I construct a new measure of firm connectedness, based on whether a firm has been awarded coal concessions by the Government. Connected firms choose to index less of the value of their bids to coal prices and, through this strategy, expose themselves to cost shocks to induce renegotiation. I use a structural model of bidding in a scoring auction to characterize equilibrium bidding when bidders are heterogeneous both in cost and in the payments they expect after renegotiation. The model estimates show that bidders offer powerbelowcost due to the expected value of later renegotiation. The model is used to simulate bidding and efficiency with strict contract enforcement. Contract enforcement is found to be pro‐competitive. With no renegotiation, equilibrium bids would rise to cover cost, but markups relative to total contract value fall sharply. Production costs decline, due to projects being allocated to lower‐cost bidders over those who expect larger payments in renegotiation.
The Balance Condition in Search‐and‐Matching Models
Authors: Lauermann Stephan , Nöldeke Georg , Tröger Thomas
Published: March 2020

Most of the literature that studies frictional search‐and‐matching models with heterogeneous agents and random search investigates steady state equilibria. Steady state equilibrium requires, in particular, that the flows of agents into and out of the population of unmatched agents balance. We investigate the structure of this balance condition, taking agents' matching behavior as given. Building on the “fundamental matching lemma” for quadratic search technologies in Shimer and Smith (2000), we establish existence, uniqueness, and comparative statics properties of the solution to the balance condition for
any search technology satisfying minimal regularity conditions. Implications for the existence and structure of steady state equilibria in the Shimer–Smith model and extensions thereof are noted. These reinforce the point that much of the structure of search‐and‐matching models with quadratic search technologies carries over to more general search technologies.
La centralidad de los criterios de merecimiento en la explicación de las actitudes hacia la condicionalidad de la política social
Authors: Guijarro Rubinat Xavier
Published: March 2020

Las políticas de activación laboral y el paradigma de la inversión social han promovido el debate acerca de la evolución de los estados de bienestar hacia una mayor condicionalidad de la política social. Este estudio explora el papel de los criterios de merecimiento y sus interacciones con el autointerés y la ideología para entender cómo las personas desarrollan actitudes específicas hacia la condicionalidad de la política social. Las conclusiones se extraen a través del análisis de la literatura y de una encuesta de opinión pública en Cataluña que presenta una oportunidad única para desarrollar una estrategia empírica fundamentada en la distinción teórica entre criterios de merecimiento y condicionalidad de la política social. El análisis evidencia el poder explicativo de los criterios de merecimiento y cómo estos interfieren con el autointerés y la ideología. Los hallazgos son específicamente relevantes para la comunicación política.
Sustentación principal del hogar en el grupo de edad de 25 a 34 años en España (2006, 2011 y 2015)
Authors: Donat López Marta , Martín-Lagos López Mª Dolores , Moles López Elisabeth
Published: March 2020

Se propone conocer la influencia de ciertas variables socioeconómicas sobre la emancipación de los jóvenes dependiendo de si éste es sustentador principal de su hogar, o bien si es hijo o hija del mismo. Con ello se realiza una aproximación a la emancipación de los jóvenes. Tomando como referencia tres fechas concretas (2006, 2011 y 2015) se persigue constatar en qué medida afecta la recesión económica. Se utilizan análisis descriptivos y regresiones logísticas binarias usando la Encuesta de Presupuestos Familiares. Existen algunas diferencias dependiendo del año, así como también ciertas tendencias generales. A mayor nivel de estudios, es más probable que un joven viva con su sustentador principal, mientras que ser varón, tener entre 30 y 34 años o percibir un salario mayor de 1000 € se aproxima más al perfil de “cabeza de familia”. En cuanto a los sustentadores principales, un varón de 30 a 34 años con un nivel de ingresos mayor de 1000 € es el perfil más próximo al contrato indefinido.
Culpabilización a las víctimas de delitos: alcance y factores asociados
Authors: León Carmen María , Aizpurúa Eva
Published: March 2020

Actualmente, son escasos los estudios que han analizado las actitudes hacia las víctimas de delitos, especialmente en España. Con el propósito de contribuir a este ámbito, el presente trabajo analiza las principales atribuciones causales sobre la victimización y examina la influencia de las experiencias de victimización y el sexo de los encuestados en la tendencia a culpabilizar a las víctimas. Para ello se contó con una muestra compuesta por 2.112 estudiantes universitarios (63,6 % mujeres y 36,4 % hombres). Los datos fueron recogidos mediante una encuesta online durante el periodo comprendido entre el 7 y el 20 de noviembre de 2017. Los resultados mostraron que los hombres culpabilizaron más a las víctimas que las mujeres. Además, controlando el efecto del sexo, se halló que los encuestados que habían sido victimizados culpabilizaron menos a las víctimas que aquellos que indicaron no haber sido víctimas. Se discuten los resultados y sus implicaciones.
National Institute for the Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani” IRCCS. Recommendations for COVID-19 Clinical Management
Authors: Nicastri Emanuele , Petrosillo Nicola , Ascoli Bartoli Tommaso , Lepore Luciana , Mondi Annalisa , Palmieri Fabrizio , D’Offizi Gianpiero , Marchioni Luisa , Murachelli Silvia , Ippolito Giuseppe , Antinori for ICOTREG Andrea
Published: March 2020

On January 9th, 2020, the “World Health Organization” (WHO) declared the identification, by Chinese Health authorities, of a novel coronavirus, further classified as SARS-CoV-2 responsible of a diseases (COVID-19) ranging from asymptomatic cases to severe respiratory involvement. On March 9th, 2020, WHO declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. Italy is the second most affected country by COVID-19 infection after China. The “L. Spallanzani” National Institute for the Infectious Diseases, IRCCS has been the first Italian hospital to admit and manage patients affected by COVID-19. Hereby, we show our recommendations for the management of COVID-19 patients, based on very limited clinical evidences; these recomendations should be considered as expert opinions, which may be modified according to newly produced literature data. *for the INMI COVID-19 Treatment Group – ICOTREG Abdeddaim A, Agrati C, Albarello F, Antinori A, Ascoli Bartoli T, Baldini F, Bellagamba R, Bevilacqua N, Bibas M, Biava G, Boumis E, Busso D, Camici M, Capobianchi MR, Capone A, Caravella I, Cataldo A, Cerilli S, Chinello G, Cicalini S, Corpolongo A, Cristofaro M, D’Abramo A, Dantimi C, De Angelis G, De Palo MG, D’Offizi G, De Zottis F, Di Lorenzo R, Di Stefano F, Fusetti M, Galati V, Gagliardini R, Garotto G, Gebremeskel Tekle Saba, Giancola ML, Giansante F, Girardi E, Goletti D, Granata G, Greci MC, Grilli E, Grisetti S, Gualano G, Iacomi F, Iannicelli G, Ippolito G, Lepore L, Libertone R, Lionetti R, Liuzzi G, Loiacono L, Macchione M, Marchioni L, Mariano A, Marini MC, Maritti M, Mastrobattista A, Mazzotta V, Mencarini P, Migliorisi-Ramazzini P, Mondi A, Montalbano M, Mosti S, Murachelli S, Musso M, Nicastri E, Noto P, Oliva A, Palazzolo C, Palmieri F, Pareo C, Petrone A, Pianura E, Pinnetti C, Pontarelli A, Puro V, Rianda A, Rosati S, Sampaolesi A, Santagata C, Scarcia D’Aprano S, Scarabello A, Schininà V, Scorzolini L, Stazi GV, Taibi C, Taglietti F, Tonnarini R, Topino S, Vergori A, Vincenzi L, Visco-Comandini U, Vittozzi P, Zaccarelli M, Zaccaro G.
Computational fluid dynamics assessment of effect of different openings configurations on the thermal environment of a facility for coffee wet processing
Authors: Osorio Hernandez Robinson , Osorio Saraz Jairo Alexander , Oliveira Keller Sullivan , Aristizabal Ivan Dario , Arango Julio Cesar
Published: March 2020

This study aimed to analyze the effect of the area size and location of openings for natural ventilation on the temperature and relative humidity inside a typological facility for coffee wet processing that have been using in Colombia and some South America Countries as well, with mechanical drying inside, using modeling with computational fluid dynamics modeling, in order to find the best suitable condition for preserve the quality of the coffee parchment. A significant effect was found regarding the area and location of the openings for natural ventilation on the internal hygrothermal environment, but no significant effect was found on the temperature. It was also found that the chimney effect plays a decisive role in the mass transfer of water vapor and heat to the outside of the building, and helping to maintain a suitable internal environment for the preservation of coffee.
Guidance for building a dedicated health facility to contain the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak
Authors: Agarwal Anup , Nagi Nazia , Chatterjee Pranab , Sarkar Swarup , Mourya Devendra , Sahay Rima Rakeshkumar , Bhatia Rajesh
Published: March 2020

Preparedness for the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its spread in India calls for setting up of adequately equipped and dedicated health facilities to manage sick patients while protecting healthcare workers and the environment. In the wake of other emerging dangerous pathogens in recent times, such as Ebola, Nipah and Zika, it is important that such facilities are kept ready during the inter-epidemic period for training of health professionals and for managing cases of multi-drug resistant and difficult-to-treat pathogens. While endemic potential of such critically ill patients is not yet known, the health system should have surge capacity for such critical care units and preferably each tertiary government hospital should have at least one such facility. This article describes elements of design of such unit (e.g., space, infection control, waste disposal, safety of healthcare workers, partners to be involved in design and plan) which can be adapted to the context of either a new construction or makeshift construction on top of an existing structure. In view of a potential epidemic of COVID-19, specific requirements to handle it are also given.
Prediction of Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Korea, 2020
Authors: Jung Kyu-Won , Won Young-Joo , Hong Seri , Kong Hyun-Joo , Lee Eun Sook
Published: March 2020

PurposeThis study aimed to report the projected cancer incidence and mortality for the year 2020 to estimate Korea’s current cancer burden.Materials and MethodsCancer incidence data from 1999 to 2017 were obtained from the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database, and cancer mortality data from 1993 to 2018 were acquired from Statistics Korea. Cancer incidence and mortality were projected by fitting a linear regression model to observed age-specific cancer rates against observed years and then by multiplying the projected age-specific rates by the age-specific population. A Joinpoint regression model was used to determine the year in which the linear trend changed significantly; we only used the data of the latest trend.ResultsIn total, 243,263 new cancer cases and 80,546 cancer deaths are expected to occur in Korea in 2020. The most common cancer site is expected to be the lung, followed by the stomach, thyroid, colon/rectum, and breast. These five cancers types are expected to represent half of the overall burden of cancer in Korea. The most common type of cancer among people who die is expected to be lung cancer, followed by liver, colon/rectal, pancreatic, and stomach cancers.ConclusionThe incidence rates for all types of cancer in Korea are estimated to decrease gradually. These up-to-date estimates of the cancer burden in Korea could be an important resource for planning and evaluating cancer-control programs.
Complex orthogonal geometric structures of dimension three
Authors: Méndez Mayra
Published: March 2020

A
complex orthogonal (geometric) structure
on a complex manifold is a geometric structure locally modelled on a non-degenerate quadric. One of the first examples of such a structure on a compact manifold of dimension three was constructed by Guillot. In this paper, we show that the same manifold carries a family of uniformizable complex orthogonal (geometric) structures which includes Guillot’s structure; here, a structure is said to be uniformizable if it is a quotient of an invariant open set of a quadric by a Kleinian group. We also construct a family of uniformizable complex (geometric) projective structures on a related compact complex manifold of dimension three.
On a Pólya functional for rhombi, isosceles triangles, and thinning convex sets
Authors: van den Berg Michiel , Ferone Vincenzo , Nitsch Carlo , Trombetti Cristina
Published: March 2020

Let

\Omega

be an open convex set in

\mathbb{R}^m

with finite width, and with boundary

\partial \Omega

. Let

v_{\Omega}

be the torsion function for

\Omega

, i.e., the solution of

-\Delta v=1, v|_{\partial\Omega}=0

. An upper bound is obtained for the product of

\Vert v_{\Omega}\Vert_{L^{\infty}(\Omega)}\lambda(\Omega)

, where

\lambda(\Omega)

is the bottom of the spectrum of the Dirichlet Laplacian acting in

L^2(\Omega)

. The upper bound is sharp in the limit of a thinning sequence of convex sets. For planar rhombi and isosceles triangles with area

1

, it is shown that

\Vert v_{\Omega}\Vert_{L^{1}(\Omega)}\lambda(\Omega)\ge {\pi^2}/{24}

, and that this bound is sharp.