bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complex dielectric permeability and optical characteristics of polypropylene + Na-=SUP=-+-=/SUP=- montmorillonite composites
Authors: Gojaev E.M.  , Mammadova R.L.  , Akhmedova A.M.  , Garibova S.N.
Published: January 2023

The paper presents the results of studying the frequency dependence of the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant of polypropylene modified with Na+ montmorillonite. Using the experimental values of the complex dielectric constant, the optical functions such as the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index, optical conductivity, reflection and absorption coefficients, the characteristic function of the electron energy losses of PP+x vol.% NaNa+ montmorillonite composites have been determined It is shown that on the basis of a high-pressure polymer with the use of Na + montmorillonite as a filler, it is possible to create composite materials with improved physical parameters. To obtain stable electrophysical properties, it is necessary to optimize the composition of the composite material and the volume of the filler. By the method of dielectric spectroscopy in the frequency course, information is obtained not only on the behavior of the complex dielectric constant, but also on the structure of the composite material, which is indispensable for the purposeful regulation of the volumetric content of the filler. Keywords: Na+-montmorillonite, polypropylene, dielectric constant, composite materials.
Similarity between shock-induced polymorphic transitions in the silica system
Authors: Kinelovskii S.A.
Published: January 2023

A set of experimental data on the thermodynamic parameters of polymorphic transitions in the silica system is considered. Analysis of these parameters in dimensionless form is performed. A fundamental result of the analysis is that the thermodynamic parameters of all silica polymorphs after transitions are described by a single universal Hugoniot of polymorphic transition. It is shown that the two-shock model of polymorphic transformations proposed earlier by the author describes all the results obtained in the analysis. A joint consideration of the experimental data and model calculations leads to the conclusion that during a polymorphic transformation, the density of the new phase is determined from the condition that the elastic pressure components after the first shock and after the polymorphic transition are equal. Keywords: silica, quartz, coesite, stishovite, fused quartz, quartz ceramic, polymorphic transformation, similarity, Hugoniot.
Influence of graphene additives on dynamic strength and failure of alumina under shock loading
Authors: Savenkov G.G.  , Konstantinov A.Yu.  , Kuznetsov A.V.  , Pakhomov M.A.  , Stolyarov V.V.
Published: January 2023

The results of dynamic testing of alumina samples with different graphene content are presented. The tests were carried out using a split Hopkinson rod according to the "Brazilian test" method at an impact speed of 10 m/s. The optimal value of the graphene content was obtained. The strength characteristics of the alumina nanocomposite with graphene reach a maximum at this value. Keywords: ceramic composite, graphene, split Hopkinson rod, Brazilian test.
Optimizing the production of single-mode optical microfibers for coherent microoptics
Authors: Lebedev N. M.  , Min'kov K. N.  , Shitikov A. E.  , Danilin A. N.  , Krasivskaya M. I.  , Lonshakov E. A.  , Gorelov I. K.  , Dmitriev N. Y.  , Bilenko I. A.
Published: January 2023

Micro- and nanofibers are the universal elements of the optical schemes for solving wide variety of experimental tasks. One usually uses the commercial optical fiber tapering in the burner?s flame to produce such nanofibers. Such tapers are actively used for production of highly sensitive sensors, experiments with the cold atoms and coupling to optical microresonators. The theoretical model of geometrical shape altering during the fiber tapering and heating was adapted in this publication for use in the algorithm with universal adjustment of the tapering modes to get a fiber with the desired set of parameters. One of the innovations was the implementation of the computer vision to control the tapering process. As a result, the nanofibers with the optimal waist diameter of about 700 nm for the radiation wavelength of 1.55 micron were obtained. The optimized methodic of tapering allows the production of the nanofibers with the transmittance of up to 80%. The produced nanofibers were successfully used for coupling to the crystalline whispering gallery mode microresonator. As a result, the optical combs with the spectrum range up to 200 nm were obtained in IR range.. Keywords: Nanofiber, whispering gallery mode microresonator, optical comb, fiber tapering.
Solid discharger for the systems forming a current pulse in low-impedance loads of inductive storages of electromagnetic energy
Authors: Bazanov A.A.  , Shaidullin V.Sh.  , Yerofeyev A.N.
Published: January 2023

The paper considers the use of a solid discharger with a cathode localized enhancement of electric field working together with an opening switch of an inductive storage to form a quick-rising current pulse in a low-impedance load. The physical factors bringing to an increase in pulse sharpening efficiency are specified. The discharger geometry variant is proposed. The technique for a determination of its parameters depending on the experimental requirements and conditions is described. The paper presents the results of the experiments on a stationary facility demonstrating a possibility to generate the current pulses with a rise front ~100 ns in the inductive loads ~10 nH. The obtained results allow giving a recommendation to use this type of dischargers to form multi-megaampere current pulses with submicrosecond rise front (up to ~100 ns) for the inductive energy storages and, in particular, for the explosive magnetic (magnetocumulative) generators., in the circuits with low-impedance loads. Keywords: solid (condensed) dielectric, breakdown delay, overvoltage.
Electrical and optical properties of cobalt oxide thin films, prepared by ion-beam sputtering
Authors: Gabriel's K. S.  , Kalinin  Yu. E.  , Makagonov V. A.  , Pankov S. Yu.  , Sitnikov A. V.
Published: January 2023

Optical and electrical properties of cobalt oxide thin films obtained by ion-beam sputtering in argon atmosphere and argon with the addition of oxygen (PAr=1.1·10-5 Torr) has been investigated in the work. Optical properties investigations showed that, for films of cobalt oxide obtained in argon atmosphere, the optical band gap is independent of the film thickness and is 3.24 eV, which is in the range of given in the literature for the CoO phase values. For cobalt oxide films obtained in mixed atmosphere of argon with the addition of oxygen, two direct optical transitions with energies of 1.45 and 2.1 eV were detected. The presence of two direct allowed optical transitions is associated with the variable valence of cobalt in the Co3O4 compound and the presence of two valence states Co2+ and Co3+. The dependences of specific electrical conductivity of the synthesized films on the magnitude of the electric field were studied. It was found that for all investigated samples, the electrical conductivity does not depend on the electric field strength up to the value of E=106 V/m. The nonlinearity of the dependence of specific electrical conductivity of the synthesized films on electric field strength at E>106 V/m is discussed in terms of the hopping conductivity model and the trap ionization model described by the Poole?Frenkel effect. Keywords: oxide semiconductors, optical absorption coefficient, electrical conductivity, strong electric fields.
Nanostructured compositions based on polymeric paintwork materials and environmentally safe biocides
Authors: Sukhanova T. E.  , Kosovskikh A. I.  , Vylegzhanina M. E.  , Belov Yu. P.  , Lebedev N. V.
Published: January 2023

Composite coatings containing iodine- and bromine-containing compounds as biocides have been obtained on the basis of industrial paintwork materials. A number of composite coatings containing biocides - Nitroxynil, Ioxynil and 2,5-dibrom-4-nitrophenol, have been analyzed using a modified technique for assessing biological activity and toxicity for determining the survival rate of Artemia salina crustaceans. It was found that the compositions on the basis of paintwork materials with Nitroxynil show the greatest bioactivity. AFM study of the surface morphology of the developed coatings showed that the introduction of biocides leads to coating structuring at the nanolevel, with the strength of nanostructured coatings on impact decreases by 2-3 times, however, these values are 2 times higher than those of the reference sample --- an industrial copper-containing antifouling paint. The obtained results can be used for further development of environmentally safe protective and antifouling polymer coatings and paintwork materials. Keywords: protective and antifouling paintwork materials, iodine- and bromine-containing biocides, atomic-force microscopy, morphology of composite coatings, surface roughness, impact strength.
Therapy of covid complications with terahertz irradiation
Authors: Bagraev N.T.  , Golovin P.A.  , Klyachkin L.E.  , Malyarenko A.M.  , Presnukhina A.P.  , Reukov A.S.  , Khromov V.S.
Published: January 2023

The results of the use of terahertz (THz) irradiation generated by a silicon nanosandwich under conditions of a stabilized source-drain current in the treatment of covid complications are presented. THz irradiation was used in addition to drug therapy for the treatment of patients with COVID-19, which made it possible to reduce the patient's stay in the intensive care unit, reduce the time of patient intubation and stay on mechanical ventilation, and reduce the radiological and pharmacological burden on the patient. An idea was obtained about the resonant response of a living biological tissue to THz irradiation, which made it possible to formulate requirements for irradiation parameters depending on the characteristics of the biological tissue under study. The characteristics of resonant frequencies for the pulmonary alveoli were determined, which made it possible to develop and use the proposed treatment method for the treatment of pneumonia caused by COVID-19. Keywords: silicon nanosandwich, quantum Faraday effect, terahertz irradiation, COVID-19.
Few-Layer Graphene Structures as a Promising Mycotoxin Sorbent
Authors: Voznyakovskii A.P.  , Karmanov A.P.  , Kocheva L.S.  , Neverovskaya A. Yu.  , Vozniakovskii A.A.  , Kanarskii A. V.  , Semenov E. I.  , Kidalov S.V.
Published: January 2023

It has been experimentally established that samples of low-layer graphene, synthesized by carbonization of plant materials (lignin, cellulose, and spruce bark) under conditions of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, are effective sorbents for mycotoxin T-2 under conditions simulating the environment in the gastrointestinal tract of mammals, and are capable of irreversibly sorb at least 94.6% of mycotoxin with a sorption capacity of 1 mg of mycotoxins per 1 g of sorbent. Key words: few-layer graphene, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, specific surface area, mycotoxin sorption. Keywords: few-layer graphene, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, specific surface, sorption of mycotoxins.
Application of EPR spectroscopy to study the content of NO and copper in the frontal lobes, hippocampus and liver of rats after brain ischemia
Authors: Gainutdinov Kh.L.  , Kulchitsky V.A.  , Andrianov V.V.  , Yafarova G.G.  , Tokalchik Y.P.  , Zamaro A.S.  , Bazan L.V.  , Bogodvid T. Kh.  , Iudin V.S.  , Pashkevich S.G.  , Dosina M.O.
Published: January 2023

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to record the content of nitric oxide (NO) and copper in brain tissues (frontal lobes and hippocampus) and liver of healthy rats and rats after ischemia modeling. Ischemia was simulated by ligation of the carotid arteries, followed by taking 3 ml of blood from the common carotid artery. Signals from triple complexes (DETC) were recorded by EPR spectroscopy of complexes (DETC)2-Fe2+-(NO) and Cu(DETC)2. Based on direct measurements by EPR spectroscopy, it was shown that a day after the modeling of ischemia, NO production in the hippocampus decreases by an average of 30% and there is a tendency to decrease NO in the frontal lobes and liver. The copper content decreased by an average of 3 times in the frontal lobes and the hippocampus by an average of 20% a day after ischemia modeling, and a tendency to decrease was noted in the liver. Thus, brain hypoxia is accompanied not only by a decrease in NO production, but also by signs of weakening of the antioxidant system in the hippocampus and frontal lobes, which further worsens the functional state of the homeostasis system. Keywords: electron paramagnetic resonance, spin trap, nitric oxide, cerebral ischemia, frontal lobes, hippocampus.
Mass spectrometric gas release composition studies of living organisms
Authors: Kuzmin A.G.  , Titov Yu.A.  , Mitina G.V.
Published: January 2023

The quantitative and qualitative composition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of human exhaled air, the air environment of various types of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) of the genus Lecanicillium, used as an alternative to chemical pesticides to protect plants from pests, cabbage moth caterpillars, as well as spined soldier bug from the shield family, was studied using a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The main components found were acetone, acetic acid, and isoprene. These components in human exhalation are significant indicators for non-invasive disease diagnosis. For the first time, sulfur dioxide was found in the composition of VOC EPF, as one of the possible repellents. The caterpillars of cabbage moth secrete exclusively acetic acid. Keywords: mass spectrometry, volatile organic compounds analysis, exhaled air, entomopathogenic fungi, Mamestra brassicae L., Podisus maculiventris S.
Fragmentation of 2,5-diketopiperazine cyclic dipeptide ions
Authors: A.A.Basalaev  , V.V.Kuz’michev  , M.N.Panov  , A.V.Petrov  , O.V.Smirnov
Published: January 2023

The mechanism of radiation damage to 2,5-diketopiperazine (DKP, C4H6N2O2) molecules in the gas phase upon interaction with He2+ ions with an energy Ep = 4 keV/u has been investigated. The relative cross sections of various elementary processes occurring in single collisions of DKP with ions have been measured for the first time. The channels of fragmentation processes of singly charged ions have been studied experimentally. The DFT method was used to calculate the geometry of molecules and singly charged DKP ions, as well as the energies of the main experimentally observed channels of fragmentation of these ions. Keywords: electron capture, dipeptides, molecular ion fragmentation.
The nitric oxide production in tissues of 7- and 16-week-old rats under mobility restriction
Authors: R. I. Zaripova  , G. G. Jafarova  , V. V. Andrianov  , Kh. L. Gainutdinov  , M.I. Sungatullina  , N.I. Ziyatdinova  , T. L. Zefirov
Published: January 2023

The electron paramagnetic resonance method was used to study the intensity of nitric oxide production by analyzing the amount of NO-containing paramagnetic complexes in the heart, liver, and spinal cord tissues of 7- and 16-week-old rats growing under restricted mobility conditions. Nitric oxide production was assessed by the intensity of the EPR signal belonging to the (DETC)2-Fe2+NO complex. The results obtained show that growth under conditions of restricted motility leads to an increase in NO production in all organs under study, with the greatest increase observed in 7-week-old rats. Keywords: nitric oxide, heart, liver, spinal cord, electron paramagnetic resonance.
Physics and Physiology of Ventilation-Perfusion Coupling: Substantiation and Initial Experience of End-Expiratory Pressure Choice During Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Ovsiannikov R. I.  , Gromova T.A.  , Moloshneva V.A.  , KovalenkoA.N.  , Lebedinskii K.M.
Published: January 2023

Alveolar gas flow competition with pulmonary capillary blood flow for restricted space within lungs during mechanical ventilation, which is well known in respiratory physiology but neglected in everyday clinical practice, is thoroughly discussed in the paper. Anatomical and physiological conditions of oxygen and carbon dioxide counter-diffusion through alveolar-capillary barrier and the role of ventilation-perfusion relationship are described, and the possibility of blood flow displacement from opened alveoli with high pressure inside to poorly ventilated compartments of low intra-alveolar pressures is demonstrated. Commercially available metabolographic and real-time gas analysis monitors from different manufacturers were used for optimal PEEP adjustment by means of pulmonary VO2 and VCO2 shifts comparison, influence of patient volaemic status on the physiologic possibility of alveolar recruitment is discussed. Limitations of modern approach to the mechanical lung ventilation aimed at maximal lung opening in underlined and refuted with consideration on effective diffusion surface changes. Inefficacy of mechanical ventilation is especially obvious when acute respiratory failure follows ventilation-perfusion mismatch, like it appears in COVID-19. Partially it can explain discouraging mechanical ventilation outcomes during current pandemic Keywords: ventilation-perfusion relationship, mechanical ventilation, end-expiratory pressure, indirect calorimetry, metabolograph.
"We do not phase out breeding as an art, but to ensure confidence, quick response and consistency of operations , we need well-developed consistent specific breeding theory. The team cannot work intuitively, using strikes of luck " N.I. Vavilov [1mm] Teor. osn.selektsii, 1935. Vol. 1. P. 5. (in Russian). [10pt] Epigenetics and constructing of breakthrough plant varieties with maximal yields
Authors: Dragavtsev V.A.
Published: January 2023

Based on the discovery of a new epigenetic phenomenon (during the implementation of the DIAS program) --- a change in the spectrum (set) of gene products under the trait of productivity when the limiting environmental factor changes - a theory of ecological-genetic organization of a quantitative trait was created and developed, from which 20 new biological, quantitatively predictable, consequences, 10 know-how and 16 innovative technologies for designing breakthrough plant varieties. With the use of these technologies, 4 varieties of grain crops have been created, giving a high economic effect. The physical instruments and equipment necessary for more efficient creation of new productive varieties are described. Key words: plant breeding, epigenetics, theory of ecological-genetic organization of quantitative traits, phytotron for breeding. Keywords: plant breeding, epigenetics, theory of ecological-genetic organization of quantitative traits, phytotron for breeding.
Study of the thermoelectric effect in the animal's blood
Authors: Zaitsev A. A.  , Grabov V. M.  , Sidorov A. V.  , Kuznetsov D. V.
Published: January 2023

The paper presents the results of experimental measurements of thermoelectromotive force and electrical conductivity of animal blood samples and Ringer's medical solution, which are similar in their properties and chemical composition to human blood. The influence of the contributions of the ionic component and the contribution of blood corpuscles on the value of the thermoelectromotive force coefficient is analyzed. The effect of dilution with distilled water on thermoelectric properties and electrical conductivity of blood has been studied. The influence of the ionic composition of a model medical Ringer's solution on the coefficient of thermoelectromotive force is analyzed. The experimental results show that the coefficient of thermoelectromotive force of the blood samples under study is determined to a greater extent by the colloidal component of the shaped elements than by the contribution of the ionic subsystem. The results obtained indicate that thermoelectric phenomena in biological fluids can affect the activation of biochemical processes in the body of animals. Keywords: thermoEMF, electrical conductivity, colloidal solutions, blood plasma.
Kinetics of photon radiation formation during deformation and destruction of compact bone tissue
Authors: Makhmudov Kh. F.  , Makhmudov A. Kh.
Published: January 2023

A comprehensive study of deformation and destruction of compact bone tissue was carried out. Deformation of cylindrical samples was carried out in the mode of constant feed rate of the press plunger. During the experiments, deformation, changes in photon radiation on the surface of the samples and acoustic emission were recorded. It is shown that the initial accumulation of stresses on the relative axis of deformation for the occurrence of a crack on the lateral surface of the sample is the first link in the chain of formation of the micro-cut plane and an indicator of its orientation relative to the axis of the cylinder. The incipient plane of a macro-crack is a zone of increased local stresses, which stimulates the appearance of new microcracks in it. In this case, the exit of the microcrack to the lateral surface of the sample of compact bone tissue (human tibia) coincides in time with the registration of photoluminescence. Keywords: bone tissue, deformation, photoluminescence, acoustic emission.
Method of photodynamic inactivation of viruses in air
Authors: Belousova I. M.  , Kiselev V. M.  , Bagrov I. V.  , Murav'eva T. D.  , Starodubtsev A. M.  , Krisko T. K.  , Zhitenev O. S.  , Zarubae V. V.  , Shtro A. A.
Published: January 2023

The photodynamic inactivation of viruses by a microporous photocatalytic element made of copper or copper alloy is the very method of ensuring biosafety that the article is about. Based on this method, encouraging results of virological studies (using the influenza virus as a test) were obtained as well as the equipment solving the strategic task of antiviral (influenza, COVID-19, etc.) disinfecting and sterilizing of confined spaces air, including air of medical premises, was developed. Keywords: air sterilization, copper, microporous membrane, influenza virus, singlet oxigen.
Using terahertz irradiation to mitigate the effects of radiation exposure
Authors: Bagraev N.T.  , Golovin P.A.  , Georgiadi V.V.  , Klyachkin L.E.  , Malyarenko A.M.  , Novikov B.A.  , Khromov V.S.  , Sivak K.V.
Published: January 2023

Experimental data are presented on the effect of broadband irradiation in the terahertz range, modulated in the gigahertz range, on the survival of mice that have received acute poisoning with depleted uranium compounds. For the first time, the results indicate a clinically significant increase in the life span of mice, the control terms for the development of end-stage renal disease and death, as well as an increase in the survival of mice by 50%. Long-term consequences that form in the period after therapy with antidotes / chelators of toxic metals can be prevented or significantly weakened by the proposed method of physiotherapy, which can solve many problems facing society, both in ensuring occupational health and the health of the population as a whole in case of accidents at nuclear power facilities. Keywords: occupational health, broadband terahertz irradiation, GHz modulation, poisoning with depleted uranium compounds, mouse survival.
Computerization of the Work of General Practitioners: Mixed Methods Survey of Final-Year Medical Students in Ireland
Authors: Blease Charlotte , Kharko Anna , Bernstein Michael , Bradley Colin , Houston Muiris , Walsh Ian , D Mandl Kenneth
Published: January 2023

Background

The potential for digital health technologies, including machine learning (ML)–enabled tools, to disrupt the medical profession is the subject of ongoing debate within biomedical informatics.

Objective

We aimed to describe the opinions of final-year medical students in Ireland regarding the potential of future technology to replace or work alongside general practitioners (GPs) in performing key tasks.

Methods

Between March 2019 and April 2020, using a convenience sample, we conducted a mixed methods paper-based survey of final-year medical students. The survey was administered at 4 out of 7 medical schools in Ireland across each of the 4 provinces in the country. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests. We used thematic content analysis to investigate free-text responses.

Results

In total, 43.1% (252/585) of the final-year students at 3 medical schools responded, and data collection at 1 medical school was terminated due to disruptions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. With regard to forecasting the potential impact of artificial intelligence (AI)/ML on primary care 25 years from now, around half (127/246, 51.6%) of all surveyed students believed the work of GPs will change minimally or not at all. Notably, students who did not intend to enter primary care predicted that AI/ML will have a great impact on the work of GPs.

Conclusions

We caution that without a firm curricular foundation on advances in AI/ML, students may rely on extreme perspectives involving self-preserving optimism biases that demote the impact of advances in technology on primary care on the one hand and technohype on the other. Ultimately, these biases may lead to negative consequences in health care. Improvements in medical education could help prepare tomorrow’s doctors to optimize and lead the ethical and evidence-based implementation of AI/ML-enabled tools in medicine for enhancing the care of tomorrow’s patients.
Identification of Postpartum Depression in Electronic Health Records: Validation in a Large Integrated Health Care System
Authors: Slezak Jeff , Sacks David , Chiu Vicki , Avila Chantal , Khadka Nehaa , Chen Jiu-Chiuan , Wu Jun , Getahun Darios
Published: January 2023

Background

The accuracy of electronic health records (EHRs) for identifying postpartum depression (PPD) is not well studied.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of PPD reporting in EHRs and compare the quality of PPD data collected before and after the implementation of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) coding in the health care system.

Methods

Information on PPD was extracted from a random sample of 400 eligible Kaiser Permanente Southern California patients’ EHRs. Clinical diagnosis codes and pharmacy records were abstracted for two time periods: January 1, 2012, through December 31, 2014 (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision [ICD-9] period), and January 1, 2017, through December 31, 2019 (ICD-10 period). Manual chart reviews of clinical records for PPD were considered the gold standard and were compared with corresponding electronically coded diagnosis and pharmacy records using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). Kappa statistic was calculated to measure agreement.

Results

Overall agreement between the identification of depression using combined diagnosis codes and pharmacy records with that of medical record review was strong (κ=0.85, sensitivity 98.3%, specificity 83.3%, PPV 93.7%, NPV 95.0%). Using only diagnosis codes resulted in much lower sensitivity (65.4%) and NPV (50.5%) but good specificity (88.6%) and PPV (93.5%). Separately, examining agreement between chart review and electronic coding among diagnosis codes and pharmacy records showed sensitivity, specificity, and NPV higher with prescription use records than with clinical diagnosis coding for PPD, 96.5% versus 72.0%, 96.5% versus 65.0%, and 96.5% versus 65.0%, respectively. There was no notable difference in agreement between ICD-9 (overall κ=0.86) and ICD-10 (overall κ=0.83) coding periods.

Conclusions

PPD is not reliably captured in the clinical diagnosis coding of EHRs. The accuracy of PPD identification can be improved by supplementing clinical diagnosis with pharmacy use records. The completeness of PPD data remained unchanged after the implementation of the ICD-10 diagnosis coding.
Вплив лактоферину на епітелізацію рогівки при непроникних травмах ока
Authors: Gavrylyak I.V. , Hreben N.K. , Zhaboiedov D.H.
Published: January 2023

Актуальність. Травма ока є однією з найпоширеніших причин монокулярного порушення й необоротної втрати зору в усьому світі. Терапія непроникних пошкоджень рогівки направлена на лікування й профілактику інфекційних ускладнень, зменшення запальних реакцій, регенерацію рогівки й відновлення слізної плівки. Останнім часом широко вивчається можливість використання лактоферину місцевої дії для лікування захворювань передньої поверхні ока. Мета: вивчити ефективність застосування лактоферину при травматичних ерозіях рогівки. Матеріали та методи. У дослідженні взяли участь 68 пацієнтів (68 очей) з непроникними пошкодженнями рогівки. Контрольну групу становили 24 пацієнти (24 ока), які отримували стандартне місцеве лікування, що включало очні краплі з антибіотиком широкого спектра дії місцевого застосування й декспантенол. Основна група — 44 пацієнти (44 ока), які додатково отримували очні краплі на основі лактоферину. Усім пацієнтам проведено стандартне офтальмологічне обстеження: вимірювання гостроти зору, біомікроскопія, забарвлення рогівки флюоресцеїном, офтальмоскопія, оптико-когерентна томографія переднього відділу ока. Результати. За даними обстеження в пацієнтів основної й контрольної групи відзначалося підвищення гостроти зору: основна група — з 0,62 ± 0,21 до 0,92 ± 0,09 (р < 0,05) і контрольна — з 0,57 ± 0,20 до 0,87 ± 0,11 (р < 0,05). В основній групі спостерігалося відновлення гострити зору до початкової на 2,3 ± 1,4 дня раніше, ніж у контрольній групі. Отримані результати оптико-когерентної томографії свідчать про відновлення рогівкового дефекту гіпорефлекторним епітелієм (536,0 ± 3,8 мкм). Спостерігалося скорочення періоду лікування в основній групі порівняно з контрольною на 2,3 ± 0,6 дня (р < 0,05). Застосування лактоферину в комплексному лікуванні пацієнтів із травматичними пошкодженнями рогівки дало стабільні клінічні й функціональні результати в основний групі порівняно з контрольною (зменшення набряку рогівки, відновлення епітелію, зменшення проявів запалення рогівки й суб’єктивних ознак рогівкового синдрому). Висновки. Застосування лактоферину як антибактеріального, противірусного й імуномодулюючого препарату може бути прийняте в комбінації з іншими методами лікування для досягнення максимальної ефективності при травмах рогівки і запальних захворюваннях поверхні ока.
Аналіз факторів розвитку й прогресування глаукомної оптичної нейропатії
Authors: Sanin V.V.
Published: January 2023

Актуальність. Глаукома — хронічне багатофакторне постійно прогресуюче захворювання, що призводить до необоротної сліпоти. Однак на сьогодні не до кінця вивчено можливості відомих і нових методів дослідження рівня глаукомної оптичної нейропатії. Метою наших досліджень було вивчення впливу окиснювального стресу на розвиток і прогресування глаукоми низького тиску й визначення можливостей його корекції. Матеріали та методи. Експериментальні дослідження проводили з використанням самців щурів лінії Вістар. Здійснювали забір тканин ока для дослідження ультраструктури й біохімічних показників. Протягом клінічної частини дослідження оглянуто 64 пацієнтів (128 очей), яким проводили комплексне офтальмологічне обстеження. Термін спостереження за пацієнтами становив два роки. Результати. Встановлено наслідки катехоламінових пошкоджень ультраструктури сітківки ока. Визначено зміни показників окисного стресу в щурів при моделюванні глаукоми, а саме їх збільшення. Введення N-ацетилкарнозин-вмісного препарату як антиоксидантного засобу при моделюванні глаукоми супроводжувалось зниженням показників розвитку окисного стресу. Доведено збільшення маркерів окиснювального стресу й зниження маркерів антиоксидативного стресу в сироватці крові пацієнтів з глаукомою низького тиску, які корелювали зі стадією глаукомного процесу. Відзначена наявність сильних кореляційних зв’язків між геморагіями і виїмкою нейроретинального паска в нижньому сегменті, вогнищевою втратою шару нервових волокон сітківки в ділянці геморагій та індексом кровотоку перипапілярних судин диска зорового нерва в поверхневій капілярній сітці нижньотемпорального сегмента в ділянці геморагій (р < 0,05). Висновки. Отримані результати щодо визначення маркерів окиснювального стресу й антиоксидативного стресу в сироватці крові хворих на глаукому можуть служити обґрунтуванням їх клінічного застосування в практичній офтальмології. Результати експериментальних і клінічних досліджень підтверджують доцільність застосування місцевих і загальних антиоксидантних і мембраностабілізуючих засобів у комплексній терапії глаукомної оптичної нейропатії. Виявлення крововиливів у диск зорового нерва відіграє істотну роль у визначенні прогнозу захворювання, тому що вони є передвісником прогресуючої функціональної втрати зору при глаукомі.
Особливості розвитку діабетичного макулярного набряку і різних стадій діабетичної ретинопатії при цукровому діабеті 2-го типу
Authors: Chugaev D.I.
Published: January 2023

Актуальність. При початковому діагнозі цукрового діабету (ЦД) понад 25 % хворих уже мають ранню стадію діабетичної ретинопатії (ДР), а 60–80 % хворих із тривалістю ЦД 2-го типу понад 20 років мають ДР різного ступеня тяжкості. Близько половини пацієнтів з ДР з високою імовірністю матимуть сліпоту протягом 5 років захворювання, що обумовлено високим ризиком розвитку діабетичного макулярного набряку (ДМН). Мета дослідження: встановити особливості розвитку діабетичного макулярного набряку і різних стадій діабетичної ретинопатії при цукровому діабеті 2-го типу. Матеріали та методи. Дослідження включало 124 пацієнтів (124 ока) із ЦД 2-го типу, у яких за класифікацією ETDRS виявлена легка (29 очей, 1-ша група), помірна або тяжка (35 очей, 2-га група) непроліферативна ДР і проліферативна ДР (31 око, 3-тя група); контрольну групу становили 29 хворих без ЦД. Усім пацієнтам були виконані загальноприйняті офтальмологічні дослідження, спектрально-доменна оптична когерентна томографія (ОКТ) з визначенням центральної товщини сітківки (ЦТС, мкм). ДМН встановлювали, якщо при виконанні спектрально-доменної ОКT за протоколом ETDRS показники ЦТС перевищували значення нормативної бази даних. Для статистичних досліджень використано програмні пакети MedStat і MedCalc v.15.1 (MedCalc Software bvba). Результати. За віком наймолодшими були пацієнти з проліферативною ДР (на 6,2–6,4 року; p = 0,002). При цьому тривалість діабету була найбільшою саме в цих пацієнтів (12 років; p < 0,001). Частота ДМН серед пацієнтів з ДР становила 62,1 %. Вірогідної різниці щодо його частоти по групах пацієнтів із ДР виявлено не було (p > 0,2). Однофакторний регресійний аналіз виявив зниження (р < 0,001) ризику виникнення ДМН зі зростанням гостроти зору (СШ = 0,05; 95% ДІ 0,01–0,22) і зростання (р < 0,001) ризику ДМН із зростанням ЦТС (СШ = 1,02; 95% ДІ 1,01–1,03). Багатофакторний регресійний аналіз відібрав 3 значущих фактори ризику ДМН: тривалість діабету, гострота зору і ЦТС. Модель, що була побудована на виділених ознаках, адекватна (χ2 = 45,4; р < 0,001) при чутливості 88,1 % (95% ДІ 77,1–95,1 %) і специфічності 75,0 % (95% ДІ 57,8–87,9 %). Висновки. Наше дослідження показало відсутність прямої залежності ДМН від стадій ДР і дозволило визначити прогностичні ознаки його розвитку.
Вплив віртуального тренуванняVivid Vision (США) на зорові функції школярів з міопією слабкого ступеня
Authors: Tabalyuk T.A. , Vavryshchuk A.S. , Hukaliuk I.O. , Tabalyuk A.M.
Published: January 2023

У роботі вперше показано ефективність віртуального тренування Vivid Vision (США) при міопії слабкого ступеня у школярів. Під спостереженням протягом одного року перебувало 25 соматично здорових школярів (50 очей) віком від 6 до 16 років зі слабкою короткозорістю, які пройшли 5 віртуальних тренінгів зору. Було встановлено підвищення у них гостроти зору, зниження показників динамічної рефракції, поліпшення резервів абсолютної акомодації під впливом 3D-вправ; оцінено чинники, що впливають на тривалість ефекту.
Шостий український «Рефракційний пленер’22»
Authors: Authors No
Published: January 2023

No abstract
Toward a Theory of Political Science and the Future of Exopolitics
Authors: Bracey, Ph.D., DPA Earnest N.
Published: January 2023

The aim of this paper is to inform (or enlighten) the public about exopolitics, which is a sub-discipline of political science that puts a new spin on studying extraterrestrial life or non-human, intelligent entities — that is, as it especially relates to politics. And despite its contrary and controversial message, exopolitics pushes the political science envelope. Indeed, the discipline speaks volumes about a supposed relationship we (humans) may have with intelligent creatures outside our realm of understanding, particularly with an unprecedented wave of UFO sightings worldwide. Of course, human beings have always felt the need to connect with other humans; but will this position mean that we can also come together with humanoids from another planet? Exopolitics is also concerned with other alien worlds, and different academic thought processes that might led to profound misunderstandings about this specific political science discipline, and our understanding of the fabric of the universe. Further, we need objectivity and clarity when it comes to studying exopolitics. Finally, exopolitics, fortunately, has not caused some kind of academic backlash; nor is it some namby-pamby academic discipline that has no bearing on anything.
CLINICAL PROFILE AND MORBIDITY IN SURGICAL SITE INFECTION FOLLOWING CESAREAN SECTION IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTER IN NORTH KERALA, INDIA
Authors: BH HIBA HASHIM , SHENOY T HEERA , VK CHELLAMMA , ANTONY V ABHILASH
Published: January 2023

Objectives: The objectives of this of this study were as follows: (1) To analyse the clinical presentation of surgical site infection (SSI) and to identify the causative organism (2) the maternal morbidities of post-cesarean SSI.
Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, KMCT Medical college, Kozhikode, from April 1, to August 31, 2021, after clearance from the Ethical Committee, in which 153 cases of SSI Post cesarean were included in the study.
Results: All the patients with SSI had wound discharge, followed by pain and induration (94.4%). Fever was present in 44.4%. About 44.4% of the wound discharge were detected between days 6 and 10. Mean day of detection of wound discharge among patients with SSI was 8.78 days. Superficial incisional SSI (94.4%) had the highest incidence followed by deep incisional (5.6%). Staphylococcus aureus (50%) was the most common organism isolated followed by Escherichia coli (11.1%). MRSA (11.1%) was isolated from only two cases. Intraoperative adhesions and prolonged operative time were a predictor of SSI (p=0.001). Mean days of hospital stay with and without SSI were 5 and 8.22, respectively, highlighting the extended length of hospital stay among patients with SSI.
Conclusion: Prompt and early identification of SSI with appropriate treatment can reduce the maternal morbidity and improve reproductive health of women.
MAGNITUDE OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA AMONG CHILDREN IN DODA (JAMMU AND KASHMIR), INDIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: DARAZ ZAHOOR HUSSAIN , SHABIR BERKHEEZ , QAZI MAHVISH , SAQIB NAJMUS
Published: January 2023

Objective: The goal of our study was to determine the magnitude, prevalence and severity of iron deficiency anemia among children in Doda (J&K) India.
Methods: It was a prospective, cross-sectional, multistage hospital-based and outpatient department (OPD) study of apparently healthy children who visited our Hospital/OPD clinic for follow-up from different regions of district Doda from February 1, 2021, to February 28, 2022. Five hundred children aged 6 months–12 years were included in our study. The sociodemographic data of subjects were collected using a structured questionnaire. 5 mL of venous blood sample was collected for complete blood count. Hemoglobin level was estimated, along with indices. Anemia was classified into mild (≤12 g/dl – >10 g/dl), moderate (≤10 g/dl – >7 g/dl), and severe (≤7 g/dl), respectively. Microcytic hypochromic picture using indices was considered for labeling iron deficiency. The dietary pattern of children was assessed using questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were done. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20.
Results: Overall, the prevalence of anemia was 77.6%. Out of the total vegetarians, 60.1% were anemic. Poor family status particularly families with low income <5000 Rs. per month and less education were more prone to develop anemia. Another important predictor of IDA was no anti-parasitic medications in 60.4%.
Conclusion: Iron deficiency anemia in children seems less severe public health problem; however, its consequences are disastrous and a huge burden on health, wealth and workforce. Parents need special counseling sessions for understanding its magnitude. Recommendations to put preventive strategies in place and mass awareness of people about the consequences of iron deficiency anemia should be made.
STUDY ON INFORMED CONSENT PROCESS IN SHARED DECISION-MAKING AMONG PATIENTS SCHEDULED FOR VARIOUS KIND OF SURGERIES AT A MEDICAL SCHOOL OF NORTHERN INDIA
Authors: JHAMNANI ROHIT , DUBEY ROMESH , VERMA DIVYA , KUMAR SUNIL
Published: January 2023

Objective: The objective of this study was to study perceptions of specialists and patients with respect to the informed consent process in shared decision-making.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among doctors of various departments carrying various kinds of surgeries at a medical school of northern India. One hundred and twenty-five specialists and 250 patients finished an organized survey on the informed consent process.
Results: Out of total specialists, 81 (64.8%) were men and 44 (35.2%) were women; 98 (78.4%) were trained professionals/super subject matter experts and 27 (21.6%) were occupants. Practically, all patients (94.8%) detailed that they had picked the treatment strategy proposed by specialist. Not exactly 50% of doctors 52 (41.6%) announced being completely familiar with the educated assent process, critical disparity was enlisted between the responses from patients and doctors to every one of the inquiries contrasting their encounters in regards to the strategy of getting educated agree to treatment (p<0.001).
Conclusion: There exists a gap among doctors and patients concerning both comprehension and information on the informed consent process. The distinction in discernment and halfway information on the lawful ramifications of informed assent shows that consenting in its ongoing structure is not educated and ought to be rethought to accomplish patient independence, which is a definitive objective of informed consent.
Performance Evaluation of a Chiller Plant in a Bottling Company
Authors: G. L. David , J. I. Sodiki , B. Nkoi
Published: January 2023

Abstract: This study is focused on the performance evaluation of a water-cooled chiller. Exergy analysis of a water-cooled chiller was carried out in order to identify the contributions of individual components to the total exergy destruction. The second law efficiency of each component as well as the exergetic efficiency of the chiller were assessed. Data were taken at two-hour intervals (six readings daily) for thirty days. Data obtained from the chiller inventory records include suction and discharge pressure and temperature of the refrigerant in the compressor, as well as temperature and mass flow rates of cooling water and chilled water. Other properties of the refrigerant were obtained from ammonia property table. From the results obtained, the compressor was identified as the largest contributor to exergy destruction (about 59% of the total exergy destruction in the chiller), the evaporator contributed about 16%, the condenser contributed 20% while the throttle valve contributed the least to exergy destruction (5%). It was ascertained that the evaporator has the highest second law efficiency of 70.29%, while the efficiencies of the compressor and condenser were 60.01% and 36.09%, respectively. The average exergetic efficiency of the chiller was found to be 35.10%. The overall results reveal that the potential capacity of the chiller remained unutilized. Measures to improve the performance indices and overall efficiency of the chiller have been suggested in this study
Accountabilities of Digital Image Processing in Biomedical Imaging
Authors: Bera Snehasish , Pal Koushik , Paul Saynee , Pradhan Suniket , Banerjee Chandrima , Das Aritra , Saha Sayani , Samanta Sneha
Published: January 2023

Abstract: once a time, when we got any injuries we want to know where the particular cells or bones are damaged or also where any kind disease that takes place. Now, from that century, we leant a lot about it that’s why the next generation is trying to instead a global step through the visibility of that particular image of cells, bones or any types of diseases. So, in that way the image is processed is known as Image Processing. I want to talk about the biomedical field where the image processing majorly takes place where we want to know about that how x-rays or digital x-rays can work through the image processing. Then, we want to know about M.R.I where M.R.I gets a major infrastructure in the medical field. After that, 3D images of C.T scan which identifies the lung cancer cells and the effect on tumors and in surgeries image processing
Fusion: Computer Science and Dance
Authors: Gaur Ruchi , Gaur Malti
Published: January 2023

Abstract: Dance may not seem like it has much to do with computing but there are some clear links between dance and computing. Basically, a dance is just a series to follow. To dance we have to follow the steps exactly in a defined and repeated order. The same loop we need to execute again and again. This same concept we implement in algorithms. Step by step formation of instructions leads to an algorithm in the programming languages of computer science. A dance is just an algorithm executed by people that is enjoyable to watch. Writing a program and choreographing a dance is very similar to each other. Dance and computing could be a great fusion in coming future for the one who is technical by profession and dancer by passion or vice versa. The primary objective of this study is to understand relation between dance and computing, understanding its practical implementation and obstacles if any.
Optimizing the Gas Carburization Process: Strategies for Reducing Total Cycle Time
Authors: Elkaseh Husam
Published: January 2023

Abstract: This case study presents the results of an experiment designed to reduce the total cycle time of the gas-Carburizing process for AISI 8620 steel. By optimizing process parameters such as carburizing temperature, soaking time, and carbon potential, the effective case depth was significantly improved. Previous research has indicated that optimizing the duration of the boost/diffusion stages and carbon potential in the carburizing process can lead to a 25% reduction in total process time [1].Our study showed that it is possible to achieve a reduction in total cycle time of up to 21%, leading to cost savings for heat treatment companies while also promoting a safer environmental outcome
Experimental Study on the Ferrocement Panels
Authors: Kamalakannan Mr. M. K. , Gowtham K.
Published: January 2023

Abstract: An improved qualitative arrangement of wire mesh which is thought to reflect more realistically the behavior of ferrocement in flexure is arranged. The presence of wire mesh reinforcement in ferrocement improves bending strength and crack resistance. The objective of the study is to investigate the behavior of material reinforced with varying mesh layers and orientations and to evelove its material properties. Tension tests were also carried out on meshes. Bending tests is to be conducted for specimen under two point loading. The effects of the varying reinforcement arrangements would replicates its response on strength and bending characteristics of ferrocement characteristics under tension and simple bending which to be studied experimentally, and those results also will be discussed in the paper