bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Why do we remember the 1990s?: The cultural aspects of the 1990s and the present meaning of remembering them
Authors:   Academic Association of Global Cultural Contents, Tae Ji-Ho
Published: September 2022

The 1990s are already in the past, but they are still being recalled to our society in various forms. The phenomenon of past culture re-emerging in the present time and space is not so new, but what this paper pays attention to is why it is the 1990s and why it is now. To this end, this paper first examined the characteristics of culture in the 1990s through Arjun Appadurai's concept of landscape and Raymond Williams' concept of structure of feeling. From this point of view, it was confirmed that culture in the 1990s was forming a structure of feeling in the context of changes in domestic and foreign politics, economy, and international order. In particular, it has been confirmed that the dominant are consumer culture and cultural industry, the residual is a culture of action and reaction of political power, and the emergent is digital culture, and they coexist together and form a structure of feeling of culture in the 1990s. Later discussions focused on the concept of memory and dealt with the aspects of this 1990s culture being recalled and what it means today. First of all, it was discussed that culture in the 1990s was a kind of myth, although it is currently residual. This is because it has economic value and at the same time provides a refuge from the contradiction of reality. And it has been confirmed that remembering the culture of the 1990s is part of the way individuals expand and continue to connect and participate, and that today, it is becoming a puissance of the community. Through this, it was confirmed that remembering the culture of the 1990s means that our society recognizes the value of the residual, and that it is part of the performance of social members to construct identity.
Assessing the Degree of Polish on Hardened Concrete Air Void Parameters
Authors: Villarreal Ruben , Torres Anthony , Aguayo Federico , Moro Carlos
Published: September 2022

This study provides much needed insight regarding how the degree of polish on a concrete sample affects the hardened air void parameters. As required by ASTM C457, each hardened concrete sample assessed by any of its three procedures needs to be polished until light reflects off of the surface. However, there is currently little to no insight as to how various degrees of polish will affect the concrete air void parameters. This research aims to fill the gap in the literature by providing a step-by-step procedure, materials necessary, and most importantly, the effect of the degree of polish on the hardened air void system parameters. Four target air void percentages (control at 2%, low at 3 – 5%, medium at 5 – 7%, and high at >8%) were investigated. Two different polishing mediums (silicon carbide and diamond) were investigated at six different polishing pad grit sizes. The results show that the most economical and preferred polishing method uses diamond polish pads. The results also indicate that the first polishing step is crucial in producing a suitable surface for further analysis, which requires using the coarsest polishing medium. Therefore, the results indicate that any further polishing (at finer degrees of polish) is negligible in obtaining the hardened air void parameters following ASTM C457 procedures. The average percent difference across each polish pad grit size investigates was 3.8%. This value amounted to an average hardened air void difference of only 0.1 across all samples. Comparing the average hardened air void percentage across all polish pad grit sizes to the ASTM C231 fresh air percentage reveals an average difference of 6.7%, which constituded a difference of 0.3. Therefore, the results show non-statistically significant variations between any of the degrees of polish investigated, especially between the coarsest polishing medium and the finest polishing medium, which produces the reflective surface as stipulated in ASTM C457.
Effect of Thermal Treatments on the Fatty Acids Composition, Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Camel Milk
Authors: Hamouda Maha , Sboui Amel , Omrani Abir , Dbara Mohamed , Zaidi Slah , Hammadi Mohamed , Khorchani Touhami
Published: September 2022

The present research was conducted to study heat treatment's effect on camel milk’s physicochemical and biological activities. Milk samples were heated at 63°C for 30 minutes, 90°C for 3 minutes, and 100°C for 3 minutes. After heating, the physicochemical: pH, acidity, Fat, Dry matter, proteins, and fatty acids composition as well as the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of all samples were determined. The antioxidant activity of camel milk was evaluated by different assays, including free radical-scavenging activity (DPPH and ABTS) and ferric-reducing power assay (FRAP). Results showed that the heat treatment process increased significantly (p<0.05) the viscosity, total solids, ash, and lactose content. Although, the monounsaturated fatty acids and particularly the oleic acid were significantly decreased after heat treatment. Heat treatment didn’t show any significant effect on antioxidant activities. While a significant increase (p<0.05) was shown after boiling the milk in the anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, pasteurization could be the greatest heating process to ensure the microbiological safety and the stability of the micronutrients in milk.
O círculo na educação através da dança circular, uma breve reflexão
Authors: Urbano Maria Angélica
Published: September 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo fazer uma reflexão sobre a contribuição das Danças Circulares na Educação; assim como a proposta de ensino através do movimento e das relações estabelecidas em roda. Para isso, segue o embasamento na metodologia contemporânea do ensino das Danças Circulares a partir dos estudos do bailarino Bernhard Wosien na década de 70 e reflexões a partir dos escritos de Kaká Werá e Ailton Krenak sobre o modelo de vida atual. A inquietação deste estudo é dentro do contexto de vida atual e das práticas observadas em sala de aula a partir de pesquisas vivenciadas desde 2010 no ensino das Danças Circulares em escolas. É possível mudar as linhas retas e enfileiradas que fazem parte do cotidiano em diversas escolas para uma proposta de círculo e um corpo mais ativo em sala de aula? Este estudo apresenta um caminho para que esta dinâmica do círculo esteja cada vez mais presente no contexto escolar.
Influência de Constance Kamii na literatura disponível no idioma português brasileiro estado da arte 1980 -2020
Authors: Disner Gabriela da Silva , Carvalho Luciana Ramos Rodrigues de , Urbano Maria Angélica , Miranda Jade Milena Fonseca de
Published: September 2022

Esta pesquisa se apoia na Epistemologia Genética proposta por Constance Kamii, importante pesquisadora na área de psicologia de aprendizagem que se destacou por adaptar os estudos de Jean Piaget para a área de educação matemática. A questão que norteia este estudo é a busca da colaboração da autora em estudos científicos no idioma Português Brasileiro, com o objetivo de fornecer um aporte geral sobre sua influência, e para tanto, foi realizada uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura – RSL quanti-qualitativa relacionada à produção científica disponível no período de 1º de janeiro de 1980 a 31 de dezembro de 2020. Apresenta o Estado da Arte em seus aspectos qualitativos e quantitativos, de cunho bibliográfico. Foram analisados estudos publicados nas bases de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e o Portal de periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), levando em consideração os seguintes aspectos: veículos de publicação, áreas de conhecimento, componentes curriculares, temas pesquisados, regiões do Brasil onde os estudos são realizados e obras mais citadas. Este trabalho tem sua devida importância pois conta com um material sumarizado que serve de norte para pesquisadores e estudiosos interessados na proposta da autora aqui verificada, permitindo também um panorama ampliado e relevante sobre os estudos brasileiros que referenciam Constance Kamii.
УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ АМПЕРОМЕТРИЧНОГО БІОСЕНCОРА НА ОСНОВІ ЛАККАЗИ З НАНОЧАСТИНКАМИ ДІОКСИДУ ТИТАНУ
Authors: Kavetskyy Taras , Demkiv Olha , Gonchar Mykhailo , Kiv Arnold , Smutok Oleh
Published: September 2022

Розробка нових підходів до моніторингу небезпечних речовин у навколишньому середовищі є актуальною проблемою сучасності для покращення якості життя людей. З цієї точки зору електрохімічним біосенсорам приділяється підвищена увага через їхню високу специфічність, чутливість, надійність, портативність і простоту в експлуатації. У наш час спостерігається швидке зростання використання напівпровідникових наночастинок (НЧ) у виготовленні електрохімічних сенсорів, стимульованих унікальними властивостями таких наноматеріалів, як велика площа поверхні та хороша біосумісність. Біосенсори на основі лаккази, модифіковані НЧ, є дуже перспективними для кількісного визначення фенольних сполук з хорошою надійністю та точністю. Тут ми описали конструкцію біосенсора для аналізу фенолів на основі лаккази в поєднанні з комерційними наночастинками TiO2, включеними у полімер Nafion®. Показано, що модифікація графітового стрижневого електроду TiO2 і лакказою, вбудованими у плівку Nafion, значно покращує дві основні характеристики сенсора: максимальну реакцію біосенсора при насичення субстрату (вдвічі) і чутливість (у три рази) порівняно з контрольними біоелектродами (без використання TiO2). Підвищення чутливості біосенсора робить його більш перспективним для точного аналізу токсичних фенолів реальних зразків, де їх вміст дуже низький (наприклад, питної води). Однак, незважаючи на те, що аналіз ABTS як модельного субстрату з розробленим біосенсором був успішним, справжньою мотивацією дослідження було створення нової біосенсорної платформи з використанням TiO2 (амфотерного напівпровідника) та полімеру Nafion для ефективної іммобілізації ферменту. Виходячи з отриманих результатів, наступним кроком буде легування TiO2 різним вмістом сульфуру, конструкція біоелектродів та їх випробування різними субстратами лаккази (ABTS, катехол, фенол) та реальними зразками стічних вод. Ми вважаємо, що наявність сульфуру в TiO2 повинно впливати на кластери міді та залишки цистеїну, впливаючи на активний центр лаккази, що призводитиме до збільшення спорідненості утвореного біонанокомпозиту до цільових аналітів (феноли). Ця більш складна біосенсорна система зараз знаходиться у дослідженні, і результати будуть опубліковані в іншому місці незабаром. Сконструйовані біоелектроди продемонстрували покращення експлуатаційних параметрів у порівнянні з біоелектродами без використання TiO2, що робить їх більш перспективними для аналізу фенолів у реальних зразках стічних та підземних вод.
ВИДОВА РІЗНОМАНІТНІСТЬ РІДКІСНИХ І ЗНИКАЮЧИХ РОСЛИН РОДИНИ ORCHIDACEAE JUSS. НА ТЕРИТОРІЇ ТУРКІВЩИНИ
Authors: Voloshanska Svitlana , Drozd Inesa , Stebivka Liliia
Published: September 2022

Видове багатство флори Львівської області представлене різноманітністю її ланшафтів. Зважаючи на поширеність видів увага науковців звернена на вивчення рідкісних і зникаючих видів. При цьому особливої уваги заслуговують рідкісні і зникаючі види рослин родини Orchidaceae Juss. Представники родини Orchidaceae Juss. поступово зникають у численних популяціях. Причинами цього явища є безпосереднє винищування людиною, вразливість до антропогенних змін середовища існування, а також складний життєвий цикл. Згадана тенденція є підставою для вивчення поширення, структури й динаміки популяцій. Всі види родини Orchidaceae Juss., які трапляються на території Львівщини, зокрема і Турківщини, включені до переліку Європейського та Міжнародного Червоного списків рідкісних та зникаючих рослин. Ці види потребують постійного моніторингу стану популяцій з метою збереження їх оселищ. Метою наших досліджень було встановити видову різноманітність та поширення представників родини Orchidaceae Juss. на території Турківщини. Визначення видового складу представників родини Orchidaceae Juss. на території Турківщини проводили маршрутним методом. Маршрути пролягали через околиці сіл Нижній Турів, Нижнє, Верхнє, Бориня, Нижня Яблунька, які розміщені у нижньому гірському поясі Карпат. Території досліджень охоплювали Боринське, Яблунське та Верхненське лісництва. Польові роботи виконувались протягом травня-серпня 2020–2021 рр. Ідентифікацію видів рослин здійснювали за загальноприйнятими методами, гербарним матеріалом i уточнювали за визначниками вищих рослин. Нами обстежувалась рослинність різних ландшафтів (лучна, чагарникова, лісова). Для визначення рясності, за якою можна визначити ступінь участі особин виду в ценозі, ми використовували окомірний метод прямого обліку О. Друде. Під час проведених досліджень на підставі зібраного матеріалу нами встановлено місцезростання п’яти видів родини Orchidaceae Juss., зокрема: Cephalanthera longifolia L., Orchis purpurea Huds., Listera ovata L., Dactylorhiza fuchsii, Platanthera bifolia L. Польові дослідження показали, що визначені види зростали рідко, фрагментарно і за шкалою чисельності у фітоценозі характеризувались як рослини, що зустрічаються поодиноко, трапляються при ретельному огляді. Виявлені на території дослідження рослини родини Orchidacea Juss. свідчать про їх незначне поширення та рясність зростання, що пов'язано із особливостями їх розвитку, умовами навколишнього середовища та антропогенним навантаженням. Основними факторами, які впливають на чисельність рідкісних і зникаючих рослин, є їх зривання (на букети, заготівля лікарської сировини) та деградація місцезростань (надмірне випасання, викошування, випалювання трави, проведення лісогосподарських робіт). За природоохоронним статусом визначені види розподілені за такими категоріями: рідкісні, вразливі та неоцінені. Отже, у межах Турківщини є незначні ресурси рідкісних і зникаючих видів родини Orchidaceae Juss. із загрозою знищення їх природних популяцій.
СЕЗОННА МІНЛИВІСТЬ ЕКОЛОГІЧНОГО СТАНУ ПРИРОДНИХ ВОД ГІРСЬКОЇ ЧАСТИНИ РІЧКИ СТРИЙ
Authors: Кропивницька Лілія , Стаднічук Олена , Каршень Андрій
Published: September 2022

Зважаючи на реалії сьогодення більша частина гірських території Львівщини є депресивною, і як наслідок, вимагає продуманих програм для розвитку територій та збереження вразливих гірських екосистем з метою запобігання порушення екологічної рівноваги. Підвищити соціальний та економічний рівень населення може грамотне і доцільне використання природних ресурсів, що дозволить зменшити навантаження на екосистему та позитивно вплинути на розвиток туристично-рекреаційної галузі. До основних екологічних проблем Турківщини, спричинених антропогенним фактором, належать інтенсивна вирубка лісу, що впливає на гірський характер живлення і формування великого стоку річки Стрий, погіршення санітарного і екологічного стану водних артерій через приховане скидання стічних вод безпосередньо в річку тощо. Отримано та праналізовано дані сольового складу води басейну річки Стрий, його режим, вміст і динаміка біогенних компонентів в межах Турківської туристично-рекреаційної зони впродовж 2017–2021 років. Результати спостережень свідчать про відповідність води у річці Стрий встановленим показникам якості, регламентованих нормативними документами, за органолептичними та гідрохімічними показниками. Майже всі показники і характеристики якості води мають свій гідрологічний режим впродовж року: динаміка прямопропорційна кількості води в річці. За оцінкою індексу забрудненої води досліджувана вода відповідає 2 класу якості вод і належить до чистих, а індекс гідроекологічного потенціалу є позитивним, що вказує на здатність річки Стрий на досліджуваній ділянці до самоочищення. Аналіз обчисленого індексу гідроекологічного потенціалу підтверджує наявність антропогенного навантаження на територію туристично-рекреаційної зони Турківського району. Локальні навантаження на систему можливі за рахунок автомобільного транспорту (вздовж річки проходять автошляхи Т1423, Н-13 та Т1402), туристів, неконтрольованого скидів побутових відходів тощо. Сольовий склад та гідроекологічний потенціал залежать від сезонних коливань: найбільша амплітуда характерна навесні та влітку, що ймовірно пов’язано з різкою зміною кількості води, найменша – взимку. Потенціал якості води зменшується через змивання забруднюючих речовин, що спостерігається при максимальній водності. Наприкінці літа або восени після паводків гідроекологічний потенціал відновлюється до середньорічних сезонних значень. Отримані результати необхідно враховувати при створенні природно-техногенних гідроекосистем з метою управління екологічною безпекою.
ФЛОРИСТИЧНЕ РІЗНОМАНІТТЯ ДЕРЖАВНОГО ІСТОРИКО-КУЛЬТУРНОГО ЗАПОВІДНИКА «НАГУЄВИЧІ»
Authors: Pavlyshak Yaroslava , Krechkivska Halyna , Dankiv Viktoriia
Published: September 2022

Охорона навколишнього середовища з кожним роком набуває все більшої актуальності. Спостерігаються незворотні зміни клімату через надмірне антропогенне навантаження, а це призводить до змін рослинного покриву. Рослинний покрив зазнав великих змін, зокрема це зменшення флористичного складу, скорочення площі лісів, масове поширення інвазійних видів. Антропогенна трансформація флори набирає все більших обертів. З кожним роком залишається все менше природних районів, які ще не включені у сферу діяльності людини. Через зміни параметрів навколишнього середовища багато видів рослин опинилися під загрозою зникнення внаслідок неконтрольованої господарської діяльності. На сьогодні надзвичайно актуальним є проведення аналізу флори, оскільки інвентаризація фіторізноманіття є одним з важливих завдань його збереження. В статті представлено флористичне різноманіття та поширення видів на території державного історико-культурного заповідника «Нагуєвичі». Визначено таксономічний склад досліджуваної території, встановлено рясність, визначено еколого-ценотичну структуру. Складено конспект флори та систематизовано їх по родинах, класах, відділах. Проаналізовано життєві форми рослин за характером розташування бруньок відновлення щодо поверхні землі та снігового покриву. У спектрі біоморф за тривалістю життєвого циклу переважають полікарпіки. За відношенням до вологи переважають мезофіти (79,1%), по відношенню до світла геліофіти – (51,2%). Еколого-ценотичний аналіз структури флори свідчить, що домінуючими є види лучного та лісового флороценотипів. Виявлено рослини які підлягають охороні та занесені до Червоної книги України та до переліку видів рослин, що підлягають особливій охороні на території Львівської області. Рідкісними та зникаючими видами, які зростають на території природного заповідника є Orchis bifolia L., Leucojum vernum L. Primula veris L., Galantus nivalis L., Ficaria verna Huds., Hepatica nobilis L., Scilla bifolia L., Allium ursinum L. тощо.
Risk detection of osteoporosis with panoramic radiograph using mental index in 30-60 years old patients (an overview in Ulin Hospital Banjarmasin)
Authors: Chairina Nadia , Aspriyanto Didit , Sarifah Norlaila
Published: September 2022

Objectives: This research is aimed to determine the detection of osteoporosis risk with a panoramic radiograph using mental index in 30-60 years old patients in Ulin Hospital Banjarmasin.
Materials and Methods: This research is using descriptive study with a cross-sectional study design. This research sample using secondary data from 30-60 years old patients who took panoramic radiographs in Radiology Installation of Ulin Hospital Banjarmasin from January 2018 – December 2021.
Results: The result showed that the age group at risk of osteoporosis was the age group 56-60 years old (right jaw 3.44 ± 0.70 and left jaw 3.33 ± 0.32), gender at risk of osteoporosis is men (right jaw 3.44 ± 0.52 and left jaw 3.37 ± 0.44) and the mean value of the mandibular cortex width in the group at risk for osteoporosis was 2.91 ± 0.21.
Conclusion: The age group at risk of osteoporosis is the age of 56-60 years old and the gender at risk of osteoporosis is men. Mental index can be used as a tool for measuring the mandibular cortex width on panoramic radiographs to diagnose the risk of osteoporosis.
Globalization and the Human Factor in the Public Service Organization
Authors: Argyriades Demetrios
Published: September 2022

The assumption underpinning the push to “shrink the State” may have been that the ongoing globalization of markets had made traditional forms of government intervention in economic sphere redundant and possibly harmful; and that, in any event, markets were more efficient at allocating resources than either politicians or the professional bureaucrats. In my modest opinion, this view though not completely unfounded, takes insufficient cognizance of a subtle, multiple shift which, since the 1980s, has drastically altered the balance of power world-wide: from the South and from the East to the Northwest; from the public sector to private enterprise; and in a number of countries, from organized labour to management. The dominant ideology during the 1980s and 1990s reflected this state of affairs and continues in the 21st Century.
Redefining Corporate Social Responsibility and its relation to Sustainable Development Objectives
Authors: Mayorga Salamanca Paola Irene
Published: September 2022

The objective of this investigation is to redefine Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and its relation to Sustainable Development Objectives (ODS) based on organizational performance and competitiveness. The importance of including in those items new dimensions that currently acquire the item of sustainability in organizations. The main conclusion is that Corporate Social Responsibility constitutes one of the global efforts to translate sustainable development into something concrete and measurable
Beyond fiction: social media, violence and vindication
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Palazuelos Rojo Isaac de Jesús
Published: September 2022

In this article we address the accelerated transformation of social experiences linked to the development of information and communication technologies. Our objective is to understand how media narratives are related to changes in the audiovisual representation of violence and the repertoires of vindication. In this regard, it was found that the exponential increase in audiovisual production, whose proliferation is due to the massive use of smartphones, causes a blurring between fiction and reality. This made it possible to identify that these aspects are relevant to examine and understand hypermediatized societies.
Preliminarily Experiments of Liquid Scintillation Cocktail Waste Solidification
Authors: Baranyi Attila , Kopecskó Katalin
Published: September 2022

Liquid scintillation spectroscopy (LSC) is a widely used laboratory method for measuring radioactive especially low-energy alpha and beta emitter isotopes in solutions. Since the scintillation cocktails (SCs) contain large amounts of aromatic hydrocarbon compounds after the LSC measurement, the sample usually becomes organic radioactive waste, which is challenging to manage and dispose of. The most common and effective waste treatment method is incineration, a costly and cumbersome solution. Another simpler and less expensive way is the immobilization the organic liquids by embedding in cement or geopolymer matrix.The aim of our experiments is to find a universal mix design to solidify and immobilize scintillation cocktail wastes (SCWs) of unknown composition. During the measurement, we assumed that the SCWs could contain Ultima Gold, Ultima Gold LLT, InstaGel Plus and ProSafe FC type scintillation cocktails in pure form or mixed with unknown quantities of water. Therefore, we performed experiments with inactive pure SCs as surrogates to mimic the SCWs. Since the water content determination of the organic solutions is difficult, the mix design must be independent of the water content of SCWs.During our experiments, we found an appropriate mix design to solidify all available SCs up to 5% using CEM I 42.5 N type cement, Metaver N type metakaolin and sodium hydroxide. We could solidify our tested SCW with this mix, and this product meets the waste acceptance criteria of all Hungarian radioactive waste repositories.
Analyzing risks in Naval Operations: The case of visit, board, search and seizure operations in the Côte D’Ivoire Navy
Authors: Kouakou Djaiblond Dominique-Yohann , Dalaklis Dimitrios , Baumler Raphael
Published: September 2022

Visit, Board, Search and Seizure (VBSS) operations, which are the preferred modus operandi to deliver law enforcement at sea, have always been, and remain, a risky endeavor. Because this type of operation holds a pivotal role in maritime law enforcement, safe execution is vital to protect involved staff and assets. Hence, this paper analyzes risks associated with VBSS operations; its main aim is to improve the overall level of safety and bring the identified risks under control, by developing associated mitigation measures. First, the risks under discussion were assessed, based on the professional judgment and experience of the naval personnel involved in these operations. Their inputs were introduced in a conceptual framework and the associated results were scored, compared, and benchmarked. It is true that there is an inherent level of risk built in the execution of VBSS operations; although the occurrence of negative incidents/mishaps can be considered marginal for the vast majority of the time, events like these are most often associated with serious consequences. The results of this research effort acknowledged that risk management practices can be useful and have variable performance in bringing risks to as low as reasonably practicable. In this aspect, risk mitigation can be more effective by implementing a systems approach of physical and administrative barriers with four distinct pillars: “Training”, “Equipment”, “Organizational Culture”, and “Procedures”.
Highlights

Research bridges the gap of knowledge in studies on risks in a key naval operations
Novelty of the conceptual research framework designed by authors which has proven to grasp important aspects of naval operations
Research addresses performance factors of naval forces securing the Gulf of Guinea region
Mobilization of Fiscal Resources as Development Engine of Decentralized Territorial Entities: The case study of Mbandaka City in Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Jacqueline Kangu Kobe  , Placide Makwa Mbulola  , Gédéon Ngiala Bongo  , Ruphin Djolu Djoza  , Muhammad Ridwan  , Koto-Te-Nyiwa Ngbolua
Published: September 2022

The State as an institution was born from the will of the people for the realization of activities of common interest, such as: the building of hospitals, roads, schools, electrification, job creation, water etc. As the protector of goods, the state is called upon to fulfill several duties either governmental, when the state exercises its sovereignty to legislate and execute, or administrative when it ensures the management of the public administration for the benefit of the collective welfare thanks to the various taxes, levies and other charges mobilized and/or collected from the population in order to meet its expectations and aspirations. The modern State fulfills five important socio-economic duties, which are: production, regulation, protection, compensation and finally the function of stabilization and stimulation of the economic growth. Through production, the state intervenes not only to produce and create material wealth, but also to ensure the necessary conditions for its creation (e.g., provide adequate infrastructure and create an efficient administration). The state plays the role of the father of the city, must demonstrate certain equity through distributive justice, ensuring the redistribution of income by means of taxation on the income of the individual and the profit of the corporations or by means of aid and social security. Finally, the state has the responsibility of stabilizing and stimulating the economic growth. To achieve this, it is vital to practice the policy of full employment, price stability and very rapid economic growth, with the aim of increasing the quantity, quality and mobility of production factors, it is reflected in the policy of education, scientific research and training as well as labor mobility. Thus, local elected officials are called upon to fulfill these different functions in order to take off the development of their areas of common interest for the benefit of community welfare at the grassroots level.
Detection of Helicobacter pylori and its Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Gastric Biopsy Specimens
Authors: Tanni Nusrat Noor , Ahmed Sharmeen , Anwar Shaheda , Kismat Saifa , Rahman Mohammad Mosiur , Miah Mohammad Abdur Rahim
Published: September 2022

Background: Early detection of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is essential for its treatment. Resistance to amoxicillin, clarithromycin and metronidazole has been on the increase in many countries. Phenotypic resistance is correlated with treatment failure. So, there is an urgent need to explore sensitivity of other antibiotics, such as levofloxacin to combat H. pylori infection.
Objective: The study was aimed to detect H. pylori from gastric biopsy samples and its susceptibility profile to commonly used antimicrobial drugs.
Methods: Gastroduodenal biopsy specimens were collected from 143 adult dyspeptic patients during March 2018-February, 2019, who attended the outpatient department of gastroenterology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) and Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), for endoscopy. H. pylori was identified by rapid urease test (RUT), ureC gene PCR, histological staining (Giemsa) and culture. From culture isolates antimicrobial susceptibility of clarithromycin, levofloxacin, amoxicillin and metronidazole were detected by disk diffusion method.
Results: The highest rate of H. pylori infection was found in the age group between 41-50 years (25.5%). According to case definition, H. pylori positive cases were 47 (32.9%) and H. pylori negative cases were 96 (67.1%). Thirty five H. pylori positive samples were subjected to culture and only 10 (28.6%) were positive. Among 10 culture positive H. pylori isolates, clarithromycin exhibited 20% resistance, levofloxacin 30%, metronidazole 30% and no resistance found to amoxicillin.
Conclusion: PCR based assays can be an alternative rapid approach for the detection of H. pylori. In this study, levofloxacin showed high resistance, a further larger study is required to confirm this finding.
Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2022; 48(1): 3-9
Effect of Arsenic Exposure on Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) Gene Expression and Telomere Length in Cardiovascular Disease Susceptibility
Authors: Al Forkan Mohammad , Chowdhury Md Omar Hasan , Chowdhury Rahee Hasan , Wali Fahmida Binta , Datta Amit , Uddin Md Nezam , Alam Md Jibran , Khaleda Laila
Published: September 2022

Background: The deleterious impact of arsenic (As) contaminated groundwater on human health has been reported worldwide. Epidemiological studies have identified adverse association of arsenic exposure with the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Telomere dysfunction is emerging as an important factor underlying the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular complications.
Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of arsenic exposure on human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene expression and telomere length in arsenic-exposed cardiovascular disease patients of Bangladesh.
Methods: A total of 53 CVD patients from known As-affected and unaffected areas of Bangladesh and subjected to open heart surgery were recruited. Nail samples were collected and analysed for arsenic content as a biomarker of chronic exposure. RNA and DNA extracted from blood samples were used for hTERT expression analysis and telomere length measurement respectively, using real-time polymerase chain reaction.
Results: The patients from known As-affected areas (As-exposed patients group) showed approximately 9.7 fold higher expression of hTERT gene and approximately 1.4 fold higher telomere length than the patients from known As-unaffected areas (As-unexposed patients group). We found significant association of both hTERT expression (r= 0.407, p= 0.001) and telomere length (r=0.437, p=0.003) with as concentration in nail samples. Of the total study population, the coronary artery disease (CAD) patients in particular showed approximately 3.4 fold higher expression of hTERT gene and approximately 1.5 fold higher telomere length than the non-CAD patients group.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that chronic arsenic exposure is positively associated with increased hTERT expression and telomere length in As-exposed CVD patients of Bangladesh and that this association in turn can influence the cardiovascular outcomes of prolonged arsenic exposure. We also suggest that Asinduced CVD possibly adopts a mechanism that is different from that of As-independent CVD. Findings of this study will pave the way to unfold the mechanism behind As-induced CVD through more in-depth research.
Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2022; 48(1): 56-63
Clinico-pathological Characteristics and Treatment Modalities of Vulvar Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Sultana Chowdhury Shamima , Khan Mst Farhana Tarannum , Islam Farjana , Khanam Suraiya , Ferdous Mst Sharmin , Anwar Begum Rokeya
Published: September 2022

Background: Vulvar cancer is one of the rare malignancies of the female genital tract. Vulvar cancer is predominantly a disease of post-menopausal multiparous women.
Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse and report the clinico-pathological features and treatment modalities of patients with vulvar cancer treated at National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital (NICR&H), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Methods: This was a cross- sectional observational study conducted among 96 vulvar cancer cases treated at National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital (NICR&H), Dhaka, Bangladesh from 2015 to 2020. The medical records of patients with vulvar cancer were retrospectively reviewed after obtaining approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB). Clinical details of all vulvar cancer patients and treatment given were collected from the hospital records and were reviewed retrospectively.
Results: A total of 96 patients with vulvar cancer were included for this retrospective analysis. The median age was 50 years (range, 12- 85 years) with a mean (±SD) of 50.50±15.12 years. Stages of the disease were: stage I: 27.1% patients; stage II: 22.9% patients; stage III: 30.3% patients; stage IV: 16.7% patients; and unknown stage: 3.1% patient as per International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system. Histopathologically, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most common histologic type (84.4%) followed by adenocarcinoma (5.2%), melanoma (4.2%), basal cell carcinoma (3.1%), and others (3.1%). Most of the patients (45.8%) were treated by surgery with or without adjuvant radiotherapy. About 24.0% of patients were treated primarily by radiotherapy and/or chemo-radiotherapy.
Conclusion: Management of vulvar cancer requires multidisciplinary team approach, which is available only in tertiary care centres. The treatment of vulvar cancer is surgery, radiotherapy, chemo- radiotherapy or a combination therapy. Treatment should be individualised based on lesions location and histological type.
Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2022; 48(1): 64-70
Functional Hemispherotomy in a Patient with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis: A Case Report
Authors: Haroon Kaisar , Taher Tania , Alam Md Shafiul , Reza Md Arif , Mia Md Abdul Quddus , Hossain Sk Sader
Published: September 2022

Background: Rasmussen’s encephalitis is a progressive disease with recurrent drug resistant epilepsy, unihemispheric brain atrophy, hemiplegia and cognitive decline.
Objectives: This is a disconnection surgery which disconnects the diseased lobe from the normal lobe. This helps in development of the normal cerebral hemisphere and also the child becomes seizure free.
Methods: A five year old boy was diagnosed with Rasmussen’s encephalitis. He underwent left sided transsylvian functional hemisherectomy. He had uneventful recovery.
Results: Before surgery he had recurrent seizures, frequent drop attacks and right sided hemiplegia and impaired cognition. He used to take three drugs for the control of the seizure. After surgery his mental state had improved, seizures were controlled with only sodium valproate. Patient’s mother was happy that he had no drop attacks and was able to sit and speak.
Conclusion: Functional hemispherectomy is a good option for drug resistant seizure in Ramussen’s encephalitis.
Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2022; 48(1): 71-75
Clinicopathological Study of Pleural Effusion In A Tertiary Care Hospital.
Authors: Haque ASM Fazlul , Kaes Md Imrul , Islam ASM Akramul , Mohammad Noor
Published: September 2022

Background: Pleural effusion is an excess fluid that accumulates between two pleural layers. Pleural fluid analysis and cytology are the mainstays for diagnosing various pulmonary diseases. Levels of adenosine deaminase (ADA) are particularly useful in areas where the prevalence of tuberculosis is high.
Objectives: To find the clinical profile and various etiology of pleural effusion in respect of age and sex and level of adenosine deaminase in the different causes of pleural effusion.
Materials and Methods: This was an observational study carried out in the Department of Laboratory Medicine of a tertiary level teaching hospital, Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College & Hospital (KYAMCH), Enayetpur, Sirajganj, Bangladesh. Biochemical analysis was done by Olympus AU-400 and cytology was done by Papanicolaou stain.
Result: A total of 173 cases of diagnosed pleural effusion was taken in the present study. Tuberculosis was the primary etiology of the total 82 cases (47.39%), followed by malignancy accounting to 30 cases (17.34%). These two were followed by parapneumonic effusion (10.40%). ADA level is highest in TB (167U/L) in comparison with malignancy, transudative cause and other causes.
Conclusion: Most common cause of pleural effusion in the tertiary hospital setting is tuberculosis, followed by malignant pleural effusion and ADA level is highest in TB than any other cause.
KYAMC Journal Vol. 13, No. 02, July 2022: 98-101
Short Term Growth of Red Amaranth (Amaranthus Gangeticus) By Using Urea Fertilizer and Gibberellic Acid
Authors: Ali Md Sabuj , Majumder Dipta , Mohammad Nur , Islam Md Morshedul , Ahmed Rayhan , Hossen Kawsar
Published: September 2022

The study was conducted in agricultural research field at Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh during March 2021 to enhance the production of red amaranth (Amaranthus gangeticus cv: RM) by using urea fertilizer with gibberellic acid. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) comprising four treatments with three replications. The treatment combinations were T0 (Urea 0 kg ha-1 and 0 ppm GA3), T1 (Urea 200 kg ha-1), T2 (60 ppm GA3), T3 (Urea 200 kg ha-1 and 60 ppm GA3), respectively. The growth and yield characters of red amaranth showed significant variation for different treatments of urea and gibberellic acid. The maximum plant height (37.1 cm), leaf number (13.83), leaf breadth (4.8 cm), leaf length (8.0 cm), shoot diameter (0.583 cm), fresh plant weight (9.73 g), dry weight per plant (0.775 g), yield per hectare (15.58 t/ha) were measured from treatment T3 (urea fertilizer + gibberellic acid) at harvest (22 days after sowing). The maximum benefit cost ratio (BCR = 3.653) was recorded from treatment T3 (urea fertilizer + gibberellic acid). Thus, it is concluded that the combined application of urea fertilizer with gibberellic acid would be optimum for short term growth and better yield of red amaranth.

Vol. 9, No. 2, August 2022: 97-102
Effect of Different Nitrogen Percentage Input On Soil Fertility, Plant Nutrients and Yield of Organic Spinach (Amaranthus Spp.)
Authors: Manaf Faridah , Ismail Roslan , Sukor Arina Shairah Abdul
Published: September 2022

Nitrogen (N) management is important to assess the N effect on soil and plant under the organic farming system. With this in mind, a glasshouse experiment was conducted to determine the effect of various N inputs on selected soil chemical properties, nutrient content and yield of spinach (Amaranthus spp). The experimental treatments were focused on the different percentages of N input (2, 4 and 6% of N from organic sources) with soil alone as a control. The treatments were applied 14 days after seeding (14-DAS) at a recommended rate of 2 t/ha. The study result found that 4-6% of N input (with T3 and T4) had improved selected soil parameters such as pH, CEC, total N, available-P and exchangeable-Ca. Further, total N content in spinach (cultivated organically), as well as spinach yield, were significant. Study findings have shown that within 4% to 6% of N input promotes soil quality, total nutrients in spinach (leafy vegetables), and can be scaled up to farm level to sustain organic system productivity.

Vol. 9, No. 2, August 2022: 135-144
Prevalence and Identification of Ticks in Cattle Of Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Md Zamal , Rashid Md Mamunur , Hamid SM Ahasanul , Nahar Lovely , Begum Mst Ismat Ara , Khan Alam , Rahman Moizur
Published: September 2022

Ticks, the notorious ectoparasite, are frequently infest cattle and cause various disease conditions and acts as vector of pathogenic organism. To determine the tick infestation in cattle of four Districts of Rajshahi Division, Bangladesh, a total of 1200 cattle (300 from each district) were randomly examined throughout the year. Four hundred ticks (100 from each district) collected from cattle were microscopically identified to determine the prevalence of specific ticks. Among the examined cattle, 433 (36.08%) were found infested with one or more species of ticks. The highest prevalence was recorded in Naogaon District (39.66%) followed by Rajshahi (37.33%), Joypurhat (34.33%) and Natore (33%). Tick infestation rate was higher (p<0.05) in rainy season (43%) followed by summer (37.75%) and winter (27.5%). Adult cattle (>5 years) were significantly (p<0.05) susceptible (41.63%) to tick infestation in comparison to young (>1-<5 years) (29.94%) and calves (<1 year) (34.13%). Significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in sex related infestation. Female were highly susceptible (48.31%) than male (19.92%). Local breed cattle were significantly susceptible (41.97%) compare to North Bengal Gray (37.28%) and cross breed (26.60%) cattle. Ear was the most favorite (72.51%) infestation site of tick whereas least was found in scrotum (5.31%). Microscopic identification revealed 5 different species of ticks. Boophilus/ Rhipicephalus microplus was the most prevalent (33.5%) species followed by Haemaphysalis bispinosa (23.50%), Amblyomma variegatum (17.25%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (14%) and Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (11.75%). Notable tick infestation in cattle indicated the possibility of damaged by ticks and opportunity of transmission of pathogenic organism. Thus, an effective control strategy is warned to overcome the harmful effects of ticks on cattle.
Vol. 9, No. 2, August 2022: 171-183
Effects of Organophosphate and Pyrethroid Insecticides Mixture on the Haemato-Biochemical and Histological Function of Male Albino Rats
Authors: Alansary Nasser Abdelhady Abdelmawla , Hussain Md Safwan , Hossen Md Munnaf , Islam Md Shahedul , Islam Md Faridul , Biswas Md Riaz Uddin , Miah Rubel , Ali Foud Ahmed
Published: September 2022

Pesticides have been used to treat agricultural lands since ancient times. The effects of an organophosphate (OP) and pyrethroid combination on the haemato-biochemical and histological functions of male albino rats were investigated. Male albino rats (total 18 rats, 12 are treated and 6 are control) were dermally treated with two organophosphate and pyrethroid combinations for 8 weeks (chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, and lambda-cyhalothrin). We also looked at organ weights, haematological and histological changes, and clinical symptoms. Except for RBCs, total protein, and haemoglobin, all haematological measures rose in treated rats after 8 weeks. After 4 weeks, Runsave and Lambaphos treatments had RBC counts of 5.02 and 5.15 106/mm3, respectively, compared to 6.1 106/mm3 in the control group. Haemoglobin values for Runsave, Lambaphos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifosmethyl, and lambda-cyhalothrin were 13.53, 14.27, 14.60, 15.03, and 15.27 g/100 ml after toxicant administration, compared to 16.53 in the control. Haematological parameters change correlated positively with exposure time. A histological examination on liver and kidney found that Runsavetreated rats had an uneven structure, severely congested blood arteries, necrotic areas, fatty liver, pyknotic nuclei, and cytoplasmic vacuolation in hepatic cells. Lambaphos-treated liver shows haemolysis, cytoplasmic vacuolation, pyknotic nuclei, and partial structural disruption. Bowman's capsule, glomeruli, and proximal tubule are normal in the control kidney. Runsave had abnormal renal anatomy. Lambaphos kidneys are asymmetrical. This study demonstrated that albino rats subjected to an insecticide mixture of organophosphate and pyrethroid had significant histological and haematobiochemical changes compared to the control group.

Vol. 9, No. 2, August 2022: 185-200
Status of Intestinal Schistosomiasis in Buffaloes and Cattle in Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Authors: Rashid Md Mamunur , Uddin Md Zamal , Hossain Md Zakir , Sharma Bikash , Raihan Jafor , Ali Md Sumon , Nahar Lovely , Moni Mst Ishrat Zerin , Rahman Moizur
Published: September 2022

Schistosoma infection causes serious health impediment in livestock with poor productive and reproductive performances. This study was carried out to know the status of Schistosoma infection in buffaloes and cattle in Rajshahi, Bangladesh. The adult schistosomes were collected from mesenteries of buffaloes and cattle of Rajshahi. Out of 240 mesenteries (120 from each species) examined, 113 (47.08%) were found infected. The infection rate in buffaloes and cattle were 54.16% and 40%, respectively. Female buffalo and cattle (57.69% and 46%) were more prone to the infection than male (51.47% and 36.71%) although the differences were not statistically significant. Significant variations (p<0.05) were observed in infection rate in different season. The highest infection rate was observed in rainy season (85% and 65%) followed by summer (52.5% and 40%) and winter (25% and 15%) in both the animals. Intensity of the infection greatly varied. Mostly, half of the infected animal (55% buffalo and 46% cattle) showed moderate infection intensity (51 to 100 parasites/animal). High degree of infection (>100 parasites/animal) was found in 25% and 33% infected buffalo and cattle, respectively. Two species of intestinal schistosomes (S. indicum and S. spindale) were identified microscopically by observing egg of female parasites. S. indicum was present in all the infected mesenteries whereas only 29% buffaloes and 35% cattle samples contained S. spindale. The study determined the current scenario of intestinal schistosome infection in buffaloes and cattle of Rajshahi. The findings might be helpful to develop effective strategic plan to overcome the harmful effects of schistosomes in livestock of Bangladesh.

Vol. 9, No. 2, August 2022: 201-211