bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Physics Case for an Electron-Muon Collider
Authors: Lu Meng , Levin Andrew Michael , Li Congqiao , Agapitos Antonios , Li Qiang , Meng Fanqiang , Qian Sitian , Xiao Jie , Yang Tianyi
Published: February 2021

An electron-muon collider with an asymmetric collision profile targeting multi-ab-1 integrated luminosity is proposed. This novel collider, operating at collision energies of, e.g., 20–200 GeV, 50–1000 GeV, and 100–3000 GeV, would be able to probe charged lepton flavor violation and measure Higgs boson properties precisely. The collision of an electron and muon beam leads to less physics background compared with either an electron-electron or a muon-muon collider, since electron-muon interactions proceed mostly through higher-order vector boson fusion and vector boson scattering processes. The asymmetric collision profile results in collision products that are boosted towards the electron beam side, which can be exploited to reduce beam-induced background from the muon beam to a large extent. With this in mind, one can imagine a lepton collider complex, starting from colliding order 10 GeV electron and muon beams for the first time in history and to probe charged lepton flavor violation, then to be upgraded to a collider with 50-100 GeV electron and 1-3 TeV muon beams to measure Higgs properties and search for new physics and finally to be transformed to a TeV-scale muon-muon collider. The cost should vary from order 100 million to a few billion dollars, corresponding to different stages, which make the funding situation more practical.
Investigation on Photovoltaic Array Modeling and the MPPT Control Method under Partial Shading Conditions
Authors: Bai Jianbo , Sun Leihou , Pachauri Rupendra Kumar , Wang Guangqing
Published: February 2021

On the basis of a five-parameter photovoltaic (PV) mathematical model, a multipeak output model of a PV array under partial shading conditions (PSCs) is obtained by MATLAB simulation. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the model can simulate the performance curves of the PV array under the PSCs. Optimized particle swarm optimization (OPSO) is used to control the multipeak output model that can quickly and accurately track the global maximum power point (GMPP) of PV modules under PSCs. Its main idea is to determine the initial position of particles and remove the acceleration factor and random number in traditional particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Additionally, according to the distance between two consecutive peak points, the maximum value of velocity is obtained. The advantages of the OPSO include the following: compared with the traditional PSO algorithm, the computing time is greatly shortened; and it is easy to achieve the MPPT with a low-cost microprocessor. In addition, a PV optimizer is designed to improve the output power of PV modules under PSCs, and simulation and experimentation have compared the output characteristics of PV modules in traditional control mode and optimized control mode under PSCs. The experimental results show that the PV optimizer improves the output power of the PV modules by 13.4% under the PSC.
ABCD3-I and ABCD2 Scores in a TIA Population with Low Stroke Risk
Authors: Ildstad Fredrik , Ellekjær Hanne , Wethal Torgeir , Lydersen Stian , Fjærtoft Hild , Indredavik Bent
Published: February 2021

Objectives. We aimed to evaluate the ABCD3-I score and compare it with the ABCD2 score in short- (1 week) and long-term (3 months; 1 year) stroke risk prediction in our post-TIA stroke risk study, MIDNOR TIA. Materials and Methods. We performed a prospective, multicenter study in Central Norway from 2012 to 2015, enrolling 577 patients with TIA. In a subset of patients with complete data for both scores (

n
=
305

), we calculated the AUC statistics of the ABCD3-I score and compared this with the ABCD2 score. A telephone follow-up and registry data were used for assessing stroke occurrence. Results. Within 1 week, 3 months, and 1 year, 1.0% (

n
=
3

), 3.3% (

n
=
10

), and 5.2% (

n
=
16

) experienced a stroke, respectively. The AUCs for the ABCD3-I score were 0.72 (95% CI, 0.54 to 0.89) at 1 week, 0.66 (95% CI, 0.53 to 0.80) at 3 months, and 0.68 (0.95% CI, 0.56 to 0.79) at 1 year. The corresponding AUCs for the ABCD2 score were 0.55 (95% CI, 0.24 to 0.86), 0.55 (95% CI, 0.42 to 0.68), and 0.63 (95% CI, 0.50 to 0.76). Conclusions. The ABCD3-I score had limited value in a short-term prediction of subsequent stroke after TIA and did not reliably discriminate between low- and high-risk patients in a long-term follow-up. The ABCD2 score did not predict subsequent stroke accurately at any time point. Since there is a generally lower stroke risk after TIA during the last years, the benefit of these clinical risk scores and their role in TIA management seems limited. Clinical Trial Registration. This trial is registered with NCT02038725 (retrospectively registered, January 16, 2014).
Dirigindo: emergência, fresta ou frustração?
Authors: Ruggiero Amanda Saba
Published: February 2021

A arte como refúgio e sentido de nossa existência, se equilibra nas demandas da sociedade contemporânea e encontra frestas de luz e oxigênio para sua sobrevivência. Apreciar obras de arte de dentro do carro, nomeada drive-thru, foi uma maneira que se anunciou na pandemia provocada pelo vírus COVID 19, como possível fruição, escape, respiro e contato com a arte. Em meio ao caótico e trágico cenário da pandemia, pergunta-se quais as reais finalidades destes eventos? Objetiva-se contato com a arte para regeneração humana ou agenciamento imediato às demandas do espetáculo e do dinheiro? O texto a seguir aproxima-se da modalidade exposição de arte drive-thru a procura de suas distintas finalidades, muitas vezes alocadas nas entrelinhas dos enunciados, a fim de ensejar reflexão acerca das exposições de arte enquanto dispositivos ou sintomas de uma dinâmica social, econômica, espacial e cultural desenhadas pela apresentação e a representação das imagens artísticas.
O desamparo do espectador nos projetos de Peter Eisenman da década de 1960
Authors: Mentone Bruno Juliani
Published: February 2021

Leitura do início da carreira de Peter Eisenman, entre 1967 e 1978, identificando críticas desenvolvidas por Michael Hays e Hal Foster que o apontam como produtor de imagens. Aproximando nesse processo da operação que Eisenman faz a partir da abstração moderna e sua influência entre o produtor e o espectador. Condição lida a partir do desamparo como discutido por Vladimir Safatle.
Malacofaunal inventory in Chintamoni Kar Bird Sanctuary, West Bengal, India
Authors: Sajan S.K. , Das Swati , Tripathy Basudev , Biswas Tulika
Published: February 2021

The knowledge on the floral and faunal composition of protected areas (PAs) is crucial for formulating suitable conservation plan.  In this paper, inventory and species richness of non-marine molluscs of Chintamoni Kar Bird Sanctuary has been made and is for the first time from any PA of West Bengal.  A total of 276 specimens belonging to 22 species (10 species of land snails and 12 species of freshwater) of non-marine molluscs (land and freshwater) were collected and examined from this sanctuary.  The malacofaunal inventory comprises of nine genera under seven families among land snails and 12 genera & seven families from both gastropods & bivalves under the freshwater forms.  As far as species richness is concerned, the family Ariophantidae was found to be dominant among land forms whereas species of the families Thiaridae and Unionidae were dominant among freshwater forms.
High altitude wetland migratory birds in the Sikkim Himalaya: a future conservation perspective
Authors: Chhetri Prem K. , Gurung Kusal , Lepcha Thinlay Namgyal , Chhetri Bijoy
Published: February 2021

Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca (Güldenstädt, 1770) and Brown-headed Gull Chroicocephalus brunnicephalus (Jerdon, 1840), two high altitude wetland migratory birds, were recorded for the first time from Sikkim, eastern Himalaya.  The importance of conservation of high altitude wetlands of the Sikkim Himalaya is highlighted.
Addition of four species to the flora of Andaman Islands, India
Authors: Naik Mudavath Chennakesavulu , Singh Lal Ji , Ekka Gautam Anuj , Vivek C.P.
Published: February 2021

Chlorophytum vestitum Baker, Elatostema cuneatum Wight, Ammannia auriculata Willd., and Christisonia siamensis Craib are being reported as new distribution records for Andaman Islands.  Detailed description, distribution and photographs of live individual are provided.
First record of the early immature stages of the White Four-ring Ypthima ceylonica (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), and a note on a new host plant from India
Authors: Theivaprakasham Hari , Ramanasaran Hari , Pavendhan Appavu
Published: February 2021

Documentation of the early immature stages (egg, larva, chrysalis) of the White Four-ring (Ypthima ceylonica Hewitson, 1865), including larval morphology and behaviour, is described for the first time from India.  A new host plant (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) is also reported for this butterfly.
Natural history of the often-misunderstood Govenia utriculata (Orchidaceae): discovery of a Mexican population upsets West Indies endemism
Authors: SALAZAR GERARDO A. , OCTAVIANO-LANDA VÍCTOR I. , JIMÉNEZ-MACHORRO ROLANDO , FRAGOSO-MARTÍNEZ ITZI , CLASE TEODORO , ACKERMAN JAMES D.
Published: February 2021

Govenia utriculata (Sw.) Lindl. has been pervasively confused in herbaria and the literature, despite showing both vegetative and florally distinctive attributes. Here we document for the first time its presence in Mexico, provide a description, a detailed drawing and color photographs from live flowering plants, and compare it with its congeners. All verifiable records indicate that G. utriculata is restricted to the Bahamas, the Greater Antilles, and now also Mexico; literature reports from elsewhere were based on misidentifications. Govenia utriculata is distinguished by the large inflated sheath enclosing the leaf petioles, which in living condition is circular in cross section and partially filled with rainwater; such ample sheath is evident in herbarium specimens and shared only by Mexican endemic G. lagenophora Lindl. Florally, G. utriculata is recognized by its small, white flowers, narrowly elliptic, falcate, acute petals with transverse magenta bars above the middle of their inner surface, and narrowly ovate, acuminate labellum with longitudinal keels only below the middle. The single known Mexican population of G. utriculata occurs in a tropical deciduous forest nature reserve (Sierra Montenegro) in the state of Morelos, and thus is under nominal protection; moderate disturbance from trampling and nearby agriculture and cattle ranching was observed in the location but the population seems to be tolerant to such disturbance and all reproductive individuals were found in partially open areas and forest edges. All Mexican plants examined had auto-pollinating flowers; auto-pollination resulted from germination of the pollen on the rostellum briefly before anthesis, apparently precluding cross-pollination as the pollinia are stuck to the rostellum when the flowers open.
Pycnogonids from marine docks located along the west coast of the Gulf of California, Mexico
Authors: DE LEÓN-ESPINOSA ANGEL , DE LEÓN-GONZALEZ JESUS ANGEL , GÓMEZ-GUTIÉRREZ JAIME
Published: February 2021

Sea spiders (Class Pycnogonida Latreille, 1810) are chelicerate arthropods, with an extraordinarily reduced body armed with eight to twelve elongated legs. A literature review of taxonomic and ecological studies of pycnogonids from Mexico identified 49 nominal species (~3.6% out of 1,335 species described worldwide). This low species richness is likely caused by limited taxonomic research and intermittent sampling and research efforts initially carried out by foreign scientists (1893–1996) and later by Mexican scientists. The present study investigates the latitudinal gradient of species richness of the pycnogonids associated with nine marine docks located between Cabo San Lucas (22°53’N) and Santa Rosalía (26°58’N) along the west coast of the Gulf of California, 22°53’N Mexico and provides a detailed morphological re-description of each nominal species using light and scanning electron microscopy. Nine nominal pycnogonid species and one unidentified species in the genus Tanystylum were collected and identified from the biological samples collected between 2011–2017. The highest pycnogonid species richness was recorded at Bahía de La Paz (seven species, 24°14’N) and the lowest species richness at Cabo San Lucas (one species) without an evident latitudinal species richness gradient. Anoplodactylus californicus Hall, 1912 and Ammothella spinifera Cole, 1904 were the most abundant species (52% of the total number of individuals). Tanystylum occidentale (Cole, 1904) and Nymphon apheles Child, 1979 were new geographical records for Mexico and Ammothella symbia Child, 1979 and A. californicus were new records for Baja California Sur state. Adding these new geographical records of pycnogonids increased the species richness previously recorded at Baja California Sur from 20 to 24 nominal species and for Mexico, the species richness increased from 49 to 51 nominal species.
Two new species of Batrisodes Reitter from Shaanxi, China (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae)
Authors: ZHANG WEN-XUAN , YIN ZI-WEI
Published: February 2021

Two new species of the genus Batrisodes Reitter, e.g., B. grandiceps sp. nov. and B. grossepunctatus sp. nov., are described from Shaanxi, central China. The two species are morphologically similar to each other in possessing similar cephalic modifications of the male, and the aedeagus with a well-developed endophallus.
Understanding the Impacts of Upper-Tropospheric Cold Low on Typhoon Jongdari (2018) Using Piecewise Potential Vorticity Inversion
Authors: Yan Ziyu , Ge Xuyang , Wang Zhuo , Wu Chun-Chieh , Peng Melinda
Published: February 2021

Typhoon Jongdari (2018) had an unusual looping path before making landfall in Japan, which posed a forecasting challenge for operational numerical models. The impacts of an upper-tropospheric cold low (UTCL) on the track and intensity of Jongdari are investigated using numerical simulations. The storm track and intensity are well simulated in the control experiment using the GFS analysis as the initial and boundary conditions. In the sensitivity experiment (RCL), the UTCL is removed from the initial-condition fields using the piecewise potential vorticity inversion (PPVI), and both the track and intensity of Jongdari change substantially. The diagnosis of potential vorticity tendency suggests that horizontal advection is the primary contributor for storm motion. Flow decomposition using the PPVI further demonstrates that the steering flow is strongly affected by the UTCL, and the looping path of Jongdari results from the Fujiwhara interaction between the typhoon and UTCL. Jongdari first intensifies and then weakens in the control experiment, consistent with the observation. In contrast, it undergoes a gradual intensification in the RCL experiment. The UTCL contributes to the intensification of Jongdari at the early stage by enhancing the eddy flux convergence of angular momentum and reducing inertial stability, and it contributes to the storm weakening via enhanced vertical wind shear at the later stage when moving closer to Jongdari. Different sea surface temperatures and other environmental conditions along the different storm tracks also contribute to the intensity differences between the control and the RCL experiments, indicating the indirect impacts of the UTCL on the typhoon intensity.
Reversal of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass for Successful Salvage of Renal Allograft
Authors: Hrebinko Katherine , Moroni Elizabeth , Ganoza Armando , Puttarajappa Chethan M. , Molinari Michele , Sood Puneet , El Hag Mohamed , Wijkstrom Martin , Tevar Amit D.
Published: February 2021

Enteric hyperoxaluria (EH) is a known complication of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and can lead to nephrolithiasis, oxalate-induced nephropathy, and end-stage renal disease. Recurrent EH-induced renal impairment has been reported after kidney transplantation and may lead to allograft loss. EH occurs in up to one quarter of patients following malabsorption-based bariatric operations. We present a report of medically refractory EH in a renal transplant recipient with allograft dysfunction that was successfully managed with reversal of RYGB. The patient developed renal failure 7 years following gastric bypass requiring renal transplant. Following an uneventful living donor kidney transplant, the patient developed recurrent subacute allograft dysfunction. A diagnosis of oxalate nephropathy was made based on biopsy findings of renal tubular calcium oxalate deposition in conjunction with elevated serum oxalate levels and elevated 24-hr urinary oxalate excretion. Progressive renal failure ensued despite medical management. The patient underwent reversal of her RYGB, which resulted in recovery of allograft function. This report highlights an under-recognized, potentially treatable cause of renal allograft failure in patients with underlying gastrointestinal pathology or history of bariatric surgery and proposes a strategy for management of patients with persistent hyperoxaluria based on a review of the literature.
Sino-Japanese Reactive Diplomacy as Seen Through the Interplay of the Belt Road Initiative (BRI) and the Free and Open Indo-Pacific Vision (FOIP)
Authors: Nagy Stephen
Published: February 2021

The Indo-Pacific region is now home to at least two competing regionalism road maps, China’s Belt Road Initiative (BRI) and Japan’s Free and Open Indo-Pacific Vision (FOIP). Through comparing their respective development trajectories, this article examines the relationship between these two regionalisation initiatives. Key lines of enquiry include the following: Is the interaction between the BRI and the FOIP Vision reactive, proactive or both? Why has each initiative changed its trajectory? How can we characterise these competing initiatives? This article employs a regionalism matrix analysis that compares two different approaches, integration from a ‘rational-legal perspective’ with an emphasis on broad cooperation and state sovereignty from a ‘process-oriented perspective’ with a focus on exact goals. It finds that the BRI focuses on both a high degree of state sovereignty based on a ‘process-oriented perspective’ and exact cooperation. In contrast, FOIP stresses integration through a ‘rational-legal perspective’, broad cooperation and a shared rules-based order. Furthermore, there is a reactive interplay between these two regionalism frameworks that shapes their orientation and influences their focus.
Why China’s Re-centralisation Emerges in the Age of Globalisation?
Authors: Yang Jun , Sheng Shuyang
Published: February 2021

Although involved in the age of globalisation,1 China has become more centralised. After the decentralisation from 1978 to 1993, the trend of centralisation2 has been once again strengthened since 1994, which was called re-centralisation by some scholars. Many scholars only focus on the period since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, but they fail to find out the root cause for re-centralisation. They ignore the fact that the 1994 Tax-sharing System Reform is an important sign of China’s re-centralisation, the answer may lie in it. In this article, we analyse the 1994 Tax-Sharing System from the perspective of Weber’s theory of domination and find out that the anxiety of the new Chinese central government in the early 1990s was the motivation for both tax reform and re-centralisation. At that time, the new central government could rely on none of Weber’s types of legitimate authority to maintain efficient operations because the charismatic authority3 of central leaders had weakened since the era of Deng Xiaoping, and the new type of authority had not been established. In these circumstances, the central government was eager to reshape the authority to stabilise the centralised order, which was also the basic motivation for Tax-Sharing System Reform.
Book review: Daniel C. Mattingly, The Art of Political Control in China
Authors: Kumar Devendra
Published: February 2021

Daniel C. Mattingly, The Art of Political Control in China (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019), pp. 244, $105, ISBN-13: 978-1108485937.
Voting for Your Pocketbook, but against Your Pocketbook? A Study of Brexit at the Local Level
Authors: Gartzou-Katsouyanni Kira , Kiefel Max , Olivas Osuna Javier José
Published: February 2021

In explaining the outcome of the 2016 EU referendum in the United Kingdom, can theories emphasizing the importance of economic factors be reconciled with the fact that many people appeared to vote against their economic self-interest? This article approaches this puzzle through case study research that draws on fieldwork and a process of reciprocal knowledge exchange with local communities in five local authorities in England and Wales. It argues that the Leave vote can be attributed partly to political discontent associated with trajectories of relative economic decline and deindustrialization. Building on the growing literature about the role of narratives and discourses in navigating uncertainty, it contends that these localized economic experiences, interpreted through local-level narratives, paved the way for local-level discourses of resilience and nationwide optimistic messaging about the economic impacts of Brexit to resonate. Local and national-level discourses discounting the potential economic costs of leaving the European Union played a crucial role in giving precise, somewhat paradoxical, political content to the sense of discontent. The article contributes to the growing focus on place and community in understanding political behavior and invites further research on local discourses linking macro-level trajectories and micro-level voting decisions.
Entrepreneurs and Burnout. How Hardy Personality works in this process
Authors: Quiun Laura , Herrero Marta , del Carmen Yeo Ayala Maria , Moreno-Jiménez Bernardo
Published: February 2021

Background

Considering the importance of entrepreneurship and the impact of burnout on workers’ health, this study aims to explore the presence of burnout in entrepreneurs and the interaction of hardy personality (HP) in this process.

Method

The sample included 255 Spanish entrepreneurs. Occupational factors, working hours, labour immersion, HP, burnout syndrome (i.e. Emotional exhaustion, Depersonalization and Lack of accomplishment) and burnout consequences were assessed.

Results

Descriptive analysis showed that entrepreneurs had low levels of occupational factors, burnout syndrome and consequences. Hierarchical regression exploratory results indicated that working hours, labour immersion, and Emotional exhaustion were the most relevant predictors of the consequences. Besides, mediation models with PROCESS macro (v.3.0) highlighted the indirect effect of occupational factors and showed that emotional exhaustion was the only component of burnout that mediated in between the predictors and the consequences. As well, HP moderated the relationship between occupational factors and emotional exhaustion.

Conclusions

Occupational factors are the main predictor of burnout in entrepreneurs and HP could prevent their effect on Emotional exhaustion. The results suggest the importance of training to promote HP for better health and performance of entrepreneurs.
Direct and Indirect Associations of Personality With Audiovisual Technology Acceptance Through General Self-Efficacy
Authors: Manolika Maria , Kotsakis Rigas , Matsiola Maria , Kalliris George
Published: February 2021

Increasing consensus among information systems researchers suggests that personality accounts for the effective use of several technologies, yet less is known about the process through which personality affects user perceptions of technology acceptance. This study, therefore, examined whether personality is associated with student perceptions of audiovisual technology acceptance, and whether general self-efficacy mediates this association. In total, 244 students completed an online survey including measures of personality, general self-efficacy, and perceptions of audiovisual technology acceptance. Canonical correlation uncovered significant associations between personality and student beliefs about technology use. Results further revealed that general self-efficacy fully mediated the effects of openness to experience and neuroticism on Perceived Ease of Use, whereas the association between agreeableness and Perceived Usefulness was partially mediated by self-efficacy beliefs. The fact that personality influences students’ perceptions of technology acceptance both directly and indirectly should not remain unnoticed, especially when designing intervention programs to enhance their academic performance.
Research Synthesis, HIV Prevention Response, and Public Health: CDC’s HIV/AIDS Prevention Research Synthesis Project
Authors: Koenig Linda J. , Lyles Cynthia M. , Higa Darrel , Mullins Mary M. , Sipe Theresa A.
Published: February 2021

Objective:

Research synthesis, through qualitative or quantitative systematic reviews, allows for integrating results of primary research to improve public health. We examined more than 2 decades of work in HIV prevention by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC’s) HIV/AIDS Prevention Research Synthesis (PRS) Project. We describe the context and contributions of research synthesis, including systematic reviews and meta-analyses, through the experience of the PRS Project.

Methods:

We reviewed PRS Project publications and products and summarized PRS contributions from 1996 to July 2020 in 4 areas: synthesis of interventions and epidemiologic studies, synthesis methods, prevention programs, and prevention policy.

Results:

PRS Project publications summarized risk behaviors and effects of prevention interventions (eg, changing one’s perception of risk, teaching condom negotiation skills) across populations at risk for HIV infection and intervention approaches (eg, one-on-one or group meetings) as the HIV/AIDS epidemic and science evolved. We used the PRS Project cumulative database and intervention efficacy reviews to contribute to prevention programs and policies through identification of evidence-based interventions and development of program guidance. Subject matter experts and scientific evidence informed PRS Project products and contributions, which were implemented through strategic programmatic partnerships.

Conclusions:

The contributions of the PRS Project to HIV prevention and public health efforts in the United States can be credited to CDC’s long-standing support of the project and its context within a federal prevention agency, where HIV programs and policies were developed and implemented. The effect of the PRS Project was likely facilitated by opportunities to directly influence program and policy because of connections with other research translation activities and program and policy decision making within CDC.
Bacterial sepsis in dengue fever – A paediatric perspective
Authors: Sunil Taneja , Alexandra Bansal , Tanu Midha , Ali Mansuri M , Neha Agarwal , Navin Burman
Published: February 2021

Dengue fever is the most common arthropod borne infection worldwide. Bacterial sepsis in dengue fever is not widely recognised. This is a retrospective cohort study of children who had sepsis coexisting along with Dengue fever. One hundred and twenty-four patients aged between three months and eighteen years admitted in two private hospitals in North India were studied. Thirteen children had concurrent sepsis (13/124, 10.4%). Children between 0 and five years (7/13, 53.8%, p = 0.019), having longer hospital stay (7/13, 53.8%, p = 0.00029), shock (10/13, 76.9%, p = 0.00001), and increased PCT (13/13, 100%, p < 0.001) were some indicators of sepsis in these patients. Blood cultures were positive in five children. It is a matter of speculation as to why these patients of dengue are more susceptible to sepsis. Increased vascular permeability may increase the chances of bacterial contamination. Antibiotics should not be used routinely in dengue fever. However, young children presenting with severe symptoms especially shock should be screened for sepsis, and appropriate antibiotics should be started early.
What’s in an argument? Reflections on knowledge exchanges
Authors: Strathern Marilyn
Published: February 2021

This article draws on a turn of events in the speaker’s long association with Papua New Guinea in the Pacific. Pacific Island academics have made it clear that anthropologists should be explicit about ‘knowledge exchange’. Knowledge transfers take innumerable forms; in the case of the anthropologist, however, it often seems that expert knowledge is more taken than given. Thinking comparatively about academic practice, is there any future for potential ‘exchanges’ as forms of interdisciplinarity, say, or of argument between points of view? The article takes the concept of an academic argument to ask about its counterparts in non-academic milieux of knowledge-making in one part of the Pacific.
Book review: Sameena Dalwai. 2019. Bans & Bar Girls: Performing Caste in Mumbai’s Dance Bars
Authors: Mandal Saptarshi
Published: February 2021

Sameena Dalwai. 2019. Bans & Bar Girls: Performing Caste in Mumbai’s Dance Bars. New Delhi: Women Unlimited. x + 242 pp. Bibliography. ₹595 (hardback).
Book review: Jinee Lokaneeta. 2020. The Truth Machines: Policing, Violence, and Scientific Interrogations in India
Authors: Ghosh Sahana
Published: February 2021

Jinee Lokaneeta. 2020. The Truth Machines: Policing, Violence, and Scientific Interrogations in India. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. xiii + 250 pp. Notes, bibliography, index. $34.95 (eBook).
Injection-production optimization of carbonate reservoir based on an inter-well connectivity model
Authors: Zhou Yuhui , Lei Sheng , Du Xuebiao , Ju Shichang , Li Wei
Published: February 2021

Carbonate reservoirs are highly heterogeneous. During waterflooding stage, the channeling phenomenon of displacing fluid in high-permeability layers easily leads to early water breakthrough and high water-cut with low recovery rate. To quantitatively characterize the inter-well connectivity parameters (including conductivity and connected volume), we developed an inter-well connectivity model based on the principle of inter-well connectivity and the geological data and development performance of carbonate reservoirs. Thus, the planar water injection allocation factors and water injection utilization rate of different layers can be obtained. In addition, when the proposed model is integrated with automatic history matching method and production optimization algorithm, the real-time oil and water production can be optimized and predicted. Field application demonstrates that adjusting injection parameters based on the model outputs results in a 1.5% increase in annual oil production, which offers significant guidance for the efficient development of similar oil reservoirs. In this study, the connectivity method was applied to multi-layer real reservoirs for the first time, and the injection and production volume of injection-production wells were repeatedly updated based on multiple iterations of water injection efficiency. The correctness of the method was verified by conceptual calculations and then applied to real reservoirs. So that the oil field can increase production in a short time, and has good application value.
Media against communication: media/violence and conditionalities of Muslim silencing in Northern India
Authors: Ohm Britta
Published: February 2021

Understanding the relationship between media and communication as increasingly conflictive under conditions of de-democratization in India, this essay proposes a focus on violence-induced conditionalities of political communication among the affected. I introduce the term ‘media/violence’ as I look at two spaces in North Indian cities that have been turned into ‘Muslim ghettos’ over the past two decades: Jamia Nagar in New Delhi and Juhapura in Ahmedabad (Gujarat). Based on intermittent fieldwork between 2015 and 2020 (partly online), I argue that differences both in the quality of the violence as well as in the interaction between mediated and physical violence executed on the two spaces conditioned long-term options of collective communication (and their absence). The analysis helps us understand how massive political and legal protests could eventually erupt in Jamia Nagar (Shaheen Bagh) in late 2019, while the very reason for protest appears to have eluded residents of Juhapura.
Long-term outcomes of video-assisted lobectomy in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Luan Tran Minh Bao , Bang Ho Tat , Vuong Nguyen Lam , Dung Le Tien , Tin Nguyen Trung , Tien Tran Quyet , Nam Nguyen Hoai
Published: February 2021

Background

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy combined with lymphadenectomy is widely utilized worldwide for treating non-small cell lung cancer. We evaluated the long-term survival outcomes of this approach and determined the prognostic factors of overall survival.

Methods

This prospective observational study was performed in patients with non-small cell lung cancer who were subjected to video-assisted lobectomy and lymphadenectomy from 2012 to 2016. Independent prognostic factors were determined via uni- and multivariable Cox models.

Results

There were 109 patients with the mean age of 59.2 years and males accounted for 54.1%. Postoperative staging determined 22.9% of stage IA, 31.2% of stage IB, 16.5% of stage IIA and 29.4% of stage IIIA. Median follow-up time was 27 months. The overall survival rate after 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years was 100%, 85.9%, 65.3%, 55.9% and 55.9%, respectively. In univariable analysis, smoking (hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 2.50 [1.18–5.31]), Tumor--nodes--metastases (TNM) stage (IIA: 7.60 [1.57–36.9]; IIIA: 14.3 [3.28–62.7] compared to IA), histological differentiation (moderately differentiated: 4.91 [1.04–23.2]; poorly differentiated: 8.25 [1.91–35.6] compared to well differentiated), lymph node size ≥1 cm (8.22 [3.11–21.7]), tumour size ≥3 cm (4.24 [1.01–17.9]), radical lymphadenectomy (6.67 [3.14–14.2]) were identified as prognostic factors of the long-term survival. In multivariable analysis, only radical lymphadenectomy was an independent prognostic factor (HR [95% CI]: 3.94 [1.41–11.0]).

Conclusion

Video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy combined with lymphadenectomy is feasible, safe and effective for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. The long-term outcomes of this method are favourable, especially at the early stage of cancer.
Impact of an Educational Training on Behavioral Intention for Healthcare Waste Management: Application of Health Action Model
Authors: Robat Davoud Sarpooshi , Sany Seyedeh Belin Tavakoly , Siuki Hadi Alizadeh , Peyman Nooshin , Ferns Gordon
Published: February 2021

Inappropriate healthcare waste management (HCWM) may lead to health hazards through the release of toxic and infectious agents into the environment. This study aimed to assess the appropriateness of a Health Action Model (HAM) operationalized in a training intervention to promote behavioral intent towards HCWM practice among hospital staff. This was a quasi-experimental intervention study of 128 hospital staff attending a training intervention in Sabzevar Hospital, Iran. Four training intervention was carried out using potential constructs of the HAM model to compare the quality of HCWM process and behavioral intent of hospital staff before and after a training session. A questionnaire based on HAM and multiple statistical analyses were used to assess the effectiveness of the training intervention. The average age of the eligible participants was 35.05 ± 9.4 years. A majority of the participant was married (88%), nursing staff (54%) and possessed a bachelor’s degree (66%) or diploma (18%). After the intervention, a significant change (p < 0.05) was observed in the intervention group compared to the control group in staff knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, belief, and motivation. Further, our result showed a significant improvement from 53.6 ± 24.3 to 83.6 ± 11.5 in the behavioral intention toward HCWM practice. This work provides evidence of the effectiveness of the HAM as a guide in which the potential determinates that influence an individual’s behavioral intention toward medical waste practice were identified and described. This model help promote behavioral intention at a variety of target audiences and setting in waste management practice.
Investigation of ligament, bone, synovial and plica pathologies accompanied by common extensor tendon in patients with lateral overuse syndrome of the elbow using magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Aydoğmuş Sinem , Mete Berna Dirim , Aydoğmuş Hüseyin , Uluç Muhsin Engin , Tosun Özgür , Çetinoğlu Yusuf Kenan
Published: February 2021

Background

Tendinosis in the common extensor tendon and accompanying ligament, bone, and plica abnormalities can be observed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Purpose

To determine whether there is a difference between accompanying abnormalities according to the degree of common extensor tendon injury

Material and Methods

Patients who underwent 1.5-T MRI tests with a prediagnosis of lateral overuse syndrome were retrospectively reviewed, and 56 patients who had an injury in the common extensor tendon (CET) were included. The degree of tendon and ligament injury, muscle signal change, bone marrow signal change, presence of joint effusion, and morphological features in the presence of plica were evaluated via MRI examinations of the elbow.

Results

Overall, 32, 16, and eight patients had mild, moderate, and severe CET damage, respectively. As the severity of CET damage increased, the presence of joint effusion, and the presence and degree of damage to the lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL) and radial collateral ligament (RCL) increased. The radiohumeral (RH) plica area was significantly larger in the group with mild CET damage. There was no statistically significant correlation between the severity of CET damage and the end of RH plica with a blind-end, coverage of one-third or more of the radius, its signal, thickness, and presence of olecranon fold.

Conclusion

As the severity of CET injury increases, damage to the LUCL, RCL, and the presence of effusion in the joint increases. RH plica should be evaluated in terms of concomitant pathology in patients with mild CET injuries on MRI.
Significance of pepsinogen in screening for gastric intestinal metaplasia in Guangdong, China
Authors: Liu Xujuan , Zhang Min , Luo Riyu , Mo Keran , He Xingxiang
Published: February 2021

Objective

Diagnosis of gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) relies on gastroscopy and histopathologic biopsy, but their application in screening for GIM is limited. We aimed to identify serological biomarkers of GIM via screening in Guangdong, China.

Methods

Cross-sectional field and questionnaire data, demographic information, past medical history, and other relevant data were collected. Blood samples were collected for pepsinogen (PG)I, PGII, gastrin-17, and Helicobacter pylori antibody testing, and gastroscopy and histopathologic biopsy were performed. Single factor and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the correlation between these indicators and GIM, and decision tree models were used to determine the cut-off points between indicators.

Results

Of 443 participants enrolled, 87 (19.6%) were diagnosed with GIM. Single factor analysis showed that pepsin indicators (PGI, PGII, and PGI/PGII ratio) and the factors Mandarin as native language, urban residency, hyperlipidemia, and age were associated with GIM. Logistic regression analysis showed that PGI and age were associated with GIM.

Conclusions

Age is an important factor for predicting GIM progression; age >60 years increased its risk. Detection of GIM was higher in individuals with PGI levels >127.20 ng/mL, which could be used as a threshold indicating the need to perform gastroscopy and histopathologic biopsy.
Risk of Conversion to Arthroplasty After Hip Arthroscopy: Validation of a Published Risk Score Using an Independent, Prospectively Collected Database
Authors: Hevesi Mario , Leland Devin P. , Rosinsky Philip J. , Lall Ajay C. , Domb Benjamin G. , Hartigan David E. , Levy Bruce A. , Krych Aaron J.
Published: February 2021

Background:

Hip arthroscopy is rapidly advancing and increasingly commonly performed. The most common surgery after arthroscopy is total hip arthroplasty (THA), which unfortunately occurs within 2 years of arthroscopy in up to 10% of patients. Predictive models for conversion to THA, such as that proposed by Redmond et al, have potentially substantial value in perioperative counseling and decreasing early arthroscopy failures; however, these models need to be externally validated to demonstrate broad applicability.

Purpose:

To utilize an independent, prospectively collected database to externally validate a previously published risk calculator by determining its accuracy in predicting conversion of hip arthroscopy to THA at a minimum 2-year follow-up.

Study Design:

Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

Hip arthroscopies performed at a single center between November 2015 and March 2017 were reviewed. Patients were assessed pre- and intraoperatively for components of the THA risk score studied—namely, age, modified Harris Hip Score, lateral center-edge angle, revision procedure, femoral version, and femoral and acetabular Outerbridge scores—and followed for a minimum of 2 years. Conversion to THA was determined along with the risk score’s receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Brier score calibration characteristics.

Results:

A total of 187 patients (43 men, 144 women, mean age, 36.0 ± 12.4 years) underwent hip arthroscopy and were followed for a mean of 2.9 ± 0.85 years (range, 2.0-5.5 years), with 13 patients (7%) converting to THA at a mean of 1.6 ± 0.9 years. Patients who converted to THA had a mean predicted arthroplasty risk of 22.6% ± 12.0%, compared with patients who remained arthroplasty-free with a predicted risk of 4.6% ± 5.3% ( P < .01). The Brier score for the calculator was 0.04 ( P = .53), which was not statistically different from ideal calibration, and the calculator demonstrated a satisfactory area under the curve of 0.894 ( P < .001).

Conclusion:

This external validation study supported our hypothesis in that the THA risk score described by Redmond et al was found to accurately predict which patients undergoing hip arthroscopy were at risk for converting to subsequent arthroplasty, with satisfactory discriminatory, ROC curve, and Brier score calibration characteristics. These findings are important in that they provide surgeons with validated tools to identify the patients at greatest risk for failure after hip arthroscopy and assist in perioperative counseling and decision making.
Academic Achievement Test Use and Assessment Practices: A National Survey of Special Education Administrators
Authors: Lockwood Adam B. , Farmer Ryan L. , Bohan Kathy J. , Winans Shannon , Sealander Karen
Published: February 2021

This study examined current academic achievement test use and assessment practices in the United States. Special education administrators from 725 US school districts were surveyed using an online platform to determine current trends in the use of norm-referenced academic achievement tests (NRTs) and curriculum-based measures (CBMs). Administrators reported that school psychologists most commonly administered the NRTs used to help determine special education eligibility, although special education teachers also fill this role frequently, particularly in Western states. General and special educators are the most likely staff to administer CBMs. A detailed accounting of academic achievement assessment practices is discussed including which tests are used and the differences in assessment roles by region and district locale. Implications of these findings for the training of educators and for research are considered.
A Comparison of Methylprednisolone and Dexamethasone in Intensive Care Patients With COVID-19
Authors: Ko Justine J. , Wu Clay , Mehta Neha , Wald-Dickler Noah , Yang Wei , Qiao Renli
Published: February 2021

Objectives:

This study retrospectively compares the effectiveness of methylprednisolone to dexamethasone in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) requiring intensive care.

Design:

This is an institutional review board approved cohort study in patients with COVID-19 requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Patients admitted and requiring oxygen supplementation were treated with no steroids, methylprednisolone, or dexamethasone.

Setting:

This study takes place in the ICU’s at a large, tertiary, public teaching hospital serving a primarily low-income community in urban Los Angeles.

Patients:

All eligible patients admitted to the ICU for COVID-19 respiratory failure from March 1 to July 31, 2020 were included in this study.

Interventions:

A total of 262 patients were grouped as receiving usual care (n = 75), methylprednisolone dosed at least at 1mg/kg/day for ≥ 3 days (n = 104), or dexamethasone dosed at least at 6 mg for ≥7 days (n = 83).

Measurements and Main Results:

All-cause mortality within 50 days of initial corticosteroid treatment as compared to usual care was calculated. The mortality effect was then stratified based on levels of respiratory support received by the patient. In this cohort of 262 patients with severe COVID-19, all-cause mortalities in the usual care, methylprednisolone, and dexamethasone groups were 41.3%, 16.4% and 26.5% at 50 days ( P < 0.01) respectively. In patients requiring mechanical ventilation, mortality was 42% lower in the methylprednisolone group than in the dexamethasone group (hazard ratio 0.48, 95% CI: 0.235-0.956, P = 0.0385).

Conclusions:

In COVID-19 patients requiring mechanical ventilation, sufficiently dosed methylprednisolone can lead to a further decreased mortality as compared to dexamethasone.
Calculating printing speed in order to correctly print PLA/continuous glass fiber composites via fused filament fabrication 3D printer
Authors: Akhoundi Behnam , Nabipour Mojtaba , Kordi Omid , Hajami Faramarz
Published: February 2021

In this research, an innovative task of printing speed optimization for continuous fiber composites is examined. Employing continuous fibers is a new method to reinforce samples made by fused filament fabrication (FFF) technology. The printing speed is pivotal in the printing process of composites with continuous fibers because of its significant effect on the geometric shape of the samples, especially their corners. In the experimental part of study, continuous glass fiber (CGF) and polylactic acid (PLA) filaments are utilized during optimization as reinforcing phase and matrix, respectively, and are simultaneously fed into the extrusion-based polymer 3D printer to make PLA/CGF composites. Through the optimization, temperature changes of the deposited rasters in the presence and absence of fibers are calculated at the first step, and then the special relationship between the printing speeds and rasters’ temperature changes is determined. Finally, the optimal printing speed is computed based on a hypothesis, which is proved by the results of high-quality printed composites with different geometric shapes.