bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive review on battery thermal management system for better guidance and operation
Authors: Altuntop Enis Selcuk , Erdemir Dogan , Kaplan Yüksel , Özceyhan Veysel
Published: July 2023

Batteries are essential to mobilization and electrification as they are used in a wide range of applications, from electric vehicles to small mobile devices. All these devices are powered with AC or DC inside their systems, so they require different battery systems depending on their technical requirements. Batteries show unique characteristics depending on their types, and their needs vary based on their performance, ambient conditions, and so forth. One of the main demands for them is thermal stability. For batteries, thermal stability is not just about safety; it's also about economics, the environment, performance, and system stability. This paper has evaluated over 200 papers and harvested their data to build a collective understanding of battery thermal management systems (BTMSs). These studies are specifically designed to solve different problems. This paper has been prepared to show what these systems are, how they work, what they have been designed for, and under what conditions they should be applied. The BTMSs have been evaluated based on their method, method tools, discharge rate, maximum temperature, temperature difference values, and ambient and inlet temperatures. After evaluating over 200 studies, the results indicate that the passive BTMSs are not useful the cases where the temperature reaches higher values suddenly, especially for system systems that require higher discharge rates. On the other hand, active cooling methods do not manage the temperature difference in the battery cells. However, hybrid cooling methods address both cases admirably by compensating for both of their weaknesses and bringing out their advantages. The general optimum temperature for lithium battery batteries is 55°C. Even though there are many other parameters that need to be considered before making a decision for a BTMS design, the best performance for an optimum system seems to be methods 34, 38, and 22 as they are able to provide lower maximum temperature and temperature difference in the cells.
Surgeon supply and healthcare quality: Are revision rates for hip and knee replacements lower in hospitals that employ more surgeons?
Authors: Van Gestel Raf , Broekman Niels , Müller Tobias
Published: July 2023

We study the link between department‐wide surgeon supply and quality of care for two major elective medical procedures. Several countries have adopted policies to concentrate medical procedures in high‐volume hospitals. While higher patient volumes might translate to higher quality, we provide evidence for a positive relationship between surgeon supply and hospital revision rates for hip and knee replacement surgery. Hence, hospital performance decreases with higher surgeon supply, and this finding holds conditional on patient volumes.
Adherence to option B+ PMTCT program and its predictors among HIV‐positive women in Ethiopia. A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Geremew Habtamu , Geremew Demeke , Abdisa Samuel , Dessie Anteneh Mengist , Kassa Getachew Mullu , Moges Nurilign Abebe
Published: July 2023

Background

Previously, few studies investigated level of adherence to option B+ lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Ethiopia. However, their findings were inconsistent. Therefore, this review aimed to determine the pooled magnitude of adherence to option B+ lifelong ART and its predictors among human immune virus (HIV)‐positive women in Ethiopia.

Methods

A comprehensive web‐based search was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Google scholar, and African Journals Online databases to retrieve relevant articles. STATA 14 statistical software was used to carry out the meta‐analysis. We used the random effects model to account for the large heterogeneity across included studies. Egger's regression test in conjunction with funnel plot and I2 statistics were utilized to assess publication bias and heterogeneity among included studies respectively.

Result

Twelve studies with a total of 2927 study participants were involved in this analysis. The pooled magnitude of adherence to option B+ lifelong ART was 80.72% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 77.05−84.39; I2 = 85.4%). Disclosure of sero‐status (OR 2.58 [95% CI: 1.55−4.3]), receiving counseling (OR 4.93 [95% CI: 3.21−7.57]), attending primary school and above (OR 2.45 [95% CI: 1.31−4.57]), partner support (OR 2.24 [95% CI: 1.11, 4.52]), good knowledge about prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission (PMTCT) (OR 4.22 [95% CI: 2.02−8.84]), taking less time to reach health facility (OR 1.64 [95% CI: 1.13−2.4]), and good relation with care provider (OR 3.24 [95% CI: 1.96−5.34]) were positively associated with adherence. Whereas, fear of stigma and discrimination (OR 0.12 [95% CI: 0.06−0.22]) and advanced disease stage (OR 0.59 [95% CI: 0.37−0.92]) were negatively associated.

Conclusion

The level of adherence to option B+ lifelong ART was suboptimal. Strengthened comprehensive counseling and client education on PMTCT, HIV status disclosure, and male partner involvement are important to eliminate mother to child transmission and control the pandemic.
The effect of education based on health belief model on hand hygiene behavior in the staff of Tehran dentistry centers: A quasi‐experimental intervention study
Authors: Kouhi Reza , Panahi Rahman , Ramezankhani Ali , Amin Sobhani Mohsen , Khodakarim Soheila , Amjadian Mohiadin
Published: July 2023

Background and Aims

Considering the increasing prevalence of dental services in the community and the impossibility of identifying each infected patient, hand sanitation is the most critical factor in controlling infection in these centers. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of educational intervention on the hand health behavior of the staff of Tehran dentistry clinics based on the health belief model (HBM).

Methods

In this quasi‐experimental study in 2017, 128 employees of the health centers were selected through a multistage sampling method and they were placed in two groups of intervention and control (each 64 people). The data was collected using a questionnaire devised by the researcher. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were determined. The questionnaire consisted of demographics, knowledge, structures of the HBM, and behavior variables. Then, the intervention was administered based on HBM‐based education. Data were analyzed by SPSS16 and independent t test, χ2, and repeated measurement analysis of variance.

Results

Before the intervention, the two intervention and control groups did not differ significantly in terms of demographic variables, mean scores of knowledge, constructs of HBM, and hand hygiene behavior (p > 0.05), while the intervention group was scored higher significantly compared to the control one after the intervention (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

According to the findings, the HBM can be used as a framework for designing educational interventions to improve hand hygiene behavior to control infection in health centers.
Asymmetric persistence in Turkish interest and inflation rates: New evidence from quantile unit root test with structural shifts
Authors: Nazlioglu Saban , Gurel Sinem Pinar , Gunes Sevcan , Karul Cagin
Published: July 2023

This study investigates the persistence in Turkish interest and inflation rates since the implementation of inflation‐targeting monetary policy, covering the period from January 2006 to July 2022. We focus on accounting for asymmetric persistence by benefiting from recent developments in quantile unit root analysis. The findings indicate that while the conventional unit root tests support the persistence of shocks to interest rates and inflation, the quantile unit root test demonstrates an asymmetric behaviour of the persistence,  implying a time‐varying structure with mean reversion (persistency) of the shocks in low (high) inflation periods. Furthermore, the half‐lives increase with the positive shocks, indicating a longer speed of adjustment in the high inflation regime. These findings provide new insights into the relationship between interest rates and inflation and have sound policy implications.
Twitter‐based uncertainty and stock market returns: Evidence from G7 countries
Authors: Coskun Merve , Taspinar Nigar
Published: July 2023

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of Twitter‐based economic uncertainty (TEU) and Twitter‐based market uncertainty (TMU) on G7 stock returns in the challenging year in which the COVID‐19 pandemic began (2020) under different stock market conditions (bearish, normal, and bullish). To this aim, this study applies novel quantile‐based approaches, namely Quantile autoregression unit root test, Quantile‐on‐quantile approach, and Quantile Granger‐causality test covering the period from 01 January 2020 to 15 September 2020. Main findings of the study are (1) G7 stock return series are stationary for all quantiles of the conditional distributions with minor exceptions meaning that shocks have temporary effects on stock returns of G7 markets. (2) The impact of Twitter‐based uncertainty strongly depends on the market condition, whether it is bullish or bearish for all G7 markets. A heterogeneous association exists between variables caused by different market conditions. (3) A bi‐directional causal association exists between stock returns‐TEU and stock returns‐TMU. This result confirms the existence of feedback hypothesis between G7 stock returns and TEU, TMU, respectively. This study provides important policy implications and recommendations for policy makers and investors on the nexus between Twitter‐based uncertainties and stock returns.
Gender discrimination in nationality laws: A systemic type of violence against women
Authors: Bellizzi Saverio , Nivoli Alessandra
Published: July 2023

Synopsis

Violence against women and girls also includes structural barriers like discrimination in nationality laws and statelessness, which are still present in around 50 countries globally.
Effectiveness of family‐based therapy for depressive symptoms in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: van Aswegen Tanya , Samartzi Eleonora , Morris Linzette , van der Spek Nadia , de Vries Ralph , Seedat Soraya , van Straten Annemieke
Published: July 2023

Early‐onset depression contributes significantly to the global health burden and has long‐term negative effects. This meta‐analysis collates and examines the effectiveness of family‐based interventions, where family members are involved in the treatment of depression in children and adolescents. A literature search was performed up to 8th March 2023. Randomised controlled trials of family‐based interventions were included for participants aged 3–18 years with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder or dysthymia, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM‐5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) or with a score above a cut‐off on a standardised self‐report depression measure. The overall effect size for treatment versus active control was g = 0.22 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.05–0.50) (nine studies; 659 participants), and for treatment versus non‐active control it was g = 0.46 (95% CI: −0.09–1.01) (four studies; 385 participants). Effect sizes were not statistically significant, and heterogeneity was high, ranging between I2 = 64.3–81.1%. Subgroup analysis comparing attachment‐based family therapy with family therapy using other theoretical frameworks did not yield a significant difference between the two. The effects of family‐based therapies were larger than those in the comparison groups, but family‐based therapy did not demonstrate a significant treatment benefit compared to the controls. More randomised controlled trials are warranted, considering that evidence for other psychotherapies for depression in children and adolescents, indicates modest effects. Family‐based therapy may be an alternative for children and adolescents whose needs are not addressed by these treatments.
The long intergenic noncoding RNA ARES modulates root architecture in Arabidopsis
Authors: Roulé Thomas , Legascue María Florencia , Barrios Andana , Gaggion Nicolás , Crespi Martin , Ariel Federico , Blein Thomas
Published: July 2023

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of gene expression in plants. They have been linked to a wide range of molecular mechanisms, including epigenetics, miRNA activity, RNA processing and translation, and protein localization or stability. In Arabidopsis, characterized lncRNAs have been implicated in several physiological contexts, including plant development and the response to the environment. Here we searched for lncRNA loci located nearby key genes involved in root development and identified the lncRNA ARES (AUXIN REGULATOR ELEMENT DOWNSTREAM SOLITARYROOT) downstream of the lateral root master gene IAA14/SOLITARYROOT (SLR). Although ARES and IAA14 are co‐regulated during development, the knockdown and knockout of ARES did not affect IAA14 expression. However, in response to exogenous auxin, ARES knockdown impairs the induction of its other neighboring gene encoding the transcription factor NF‐YB3. Furthermore, knockdown/out of ARES results in a root developmental phenotype in control conditions. Accordingly, a transcriptomic analysis revealed that a subset of ARF7‐dependent genes is deregulated. Altogether, our results hint at the lncRNA ARES as a novel regulator of the auxin response governing lateral root development, likely by modulating gene expression in trans.
Defining pharmacist activities in ambulatory heart failure clinics: North American survey and modified Delphi study
Authors: Beauchesne Arielle B. M. , Koshman Sheri L. , Beavers Craig J. , Gorman Sean K. , Turgeon Ricky D.
Published: July 2023

Background

Pharmacists are key members of multidisciplinary heart failure (HF) clinics; however, there is variation in their roles and activities. This study aimed to: (1) define current roles of HF clinic pharmacists and (2) develop a consensus‐based list of key activities for HF clinic pharmacists.

Methods

In part 1, we invited Canadian and American HF clinic pharmacists to complete a survey on activities currently performed in the HF clinic. Part 2 consisted of a three‐round modified Delphi study including only Canadian participants to define key activities for ambulatory HF pharmacists among 44 candidates. In each round, participants rated a list of candidate activities based on importance and priority on a 9‐point Likert scale. Consensus was reached for inclusion when ≥75% of participants rated both criteria ≥7, or exclusion when both criteria ≤6. Participants received personal responses alongside aggregate ratings after each round to facilitate attainment of consensus.

Results

Eighty‐four pharmacists participated in part 1, and 29 (of 55 invited) participated in part 2 (24 retained for all three rounds). Current pharmacist activities were similar between American and Canadian participants, with an emphasis on patient assessment and clinical activities including modification of HF‐specific pharmacotherapy. The final consensus‐based list included 32 activities, with high priority placed on activities involving optimization of medications for HF and common comorbidities, engaging in shared decision‐making, assessing adherence, reviewing lab tests, and assessing and modifying medications due to pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters, which closely mirrored activities in current practice.

Conclusion

Current activities of ambulatory HF pharmacists are largely consistent within North America, focusing on patient assessment and HF‐specific pharmacotherapy modification. Our consensus‐based list defined 32 activities integral to the future role of pharmacists in HF clinics, which builds upon activities being currently performed. This provides a framework to standardize and expand the scope of practice for clinical pharmacy services in HF clinics.
Long‐Term Change in Bone Mineral Density in Women Living With HIV: A 10‐Year Prospective Controlled Cohort Study
Authors: Macdonald Heather M. , Maan Evelyn J. , Berger Claudie , Côte Hélène C. F. , Murray Melanie C. M. , Pick Neora , Prior Jerilynn C. ,   for the CIHR Team in Cellular Aging and HIV Comorbidities in Women and Children: CARMA
Published: July 2023

Women living with HIV (WLWH) may be at higher risk for osteoporosis and fragility fractures. However, limited prospective data describe long‐term trajectories of bone mineral density (BMD) in WLWH versus women without HIV. Thus, in this prospective study, we aimed to compare 10‐year change in areal BMD (aBMD) between WLWH (n = 49; 36.8 ± 8.8 years; 96% pre/perimenopausal) and HIV‐negative women (population‐based controls; n = 49; 41.9 ± 9.2 years; 80% pre/perimenopausal). In an exploratory analysis, we compared fracture history between WLWH and controls. Outcomes were lumbar spine (L1 to L4), total hip, and femoral neck aBMD at baseline and follow‐up, which occurred at 13 and 10 years in WLWH and controls, respectively. We fit multivariable regression models to compare baseline and 10‐year change in aBMD between groups, adjusting for osteoporosis risk factors. Within WLWH, we examined associations between aBMD and HIV‐related factors, including combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) duration. WLWH were diagnosed 6.5 ± 3.7 years before baseline, 80% were on cART for 241 ± 142 weeks, and 49% had HIV plasma viral load <40 copies/mL. Before and after adjusting for osteoporosis risk factors, baseline and 10‐year change in aBMD did not differ between WLWH and controls at any site. At baseline, more WLWH than controls reported a history of low‐trauma fracture (30% versus 10%, p < 0.05) and major osteoporotic fracture (17% versus 4%, p < 0.05). During follow‐up, the number of WLWH and controls with incident fragility fracture was not significantly different. Lifetime cART duration and tenofovir use were not associated with aBMD 10‐year percent change. Higher CD4 count at baseline was positively associated with femoral neck aBMD 10‐year percent change. Long‐term aBMD change in this small WLWH cohort paralleled normal aging, with no evidence of influence from cART use; however, these results should be interpreted with caution given the small sample size. Larger cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Maternal music exposure during pregnancy influences reflexive motor behaviors in mice offspring
Authors: Bidari Sara , Zendehdel Morteza , Hassanpour Shahin , Rahmani Behrooz
Published: July 2023

Evidence supports that music can modulate many physiological roles, exerting clear effects on the central nervous system. For this effect to be positive, music should be tuned at a frequency of 432 Hz. This study aims to determine the effects of prenatal exposure to music on reflexive motor behaviors in mice offspring. Six pregnant female NMRI mice (8–10 weeks old) were randomly and equally allocated into two groups. Group 1 as control was placed in a normal housing area (average room noise 35 dB), and Group 2 was exposed to music pitched at 432 Hz for 2 h a day played at constant volume (75/80 dB) during pregnancy. Following delivery, four pups from each pregnant mouse were selected, and reflexive motor behaviors including ambulation, hind‐limb foot angle, surface righting, grip strength, front‐ and hind‐limb suspension, and negative geotaxis were determined. Based on the findings, prenatal exposure to music significantly increased ambulation score, grip strength, and front‐ and hind‐limb suspension compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Also, prenatal exposure to music significantly decreased hind‐limb foot angle, negative geotaxis, and surface righting compared to the control group (P < 0.05). These results suggested that music exposure during pregnancy had a significant positive effect on all tested reflexive motor behaviors in mice offspring.
Development of an economical method to synthesize O‐(2‐[18F]fluoroethyl)‐L‐tyrosine (18FFET)
Authors: Kumar Aishwarya , Joshi Raman Kumar , Thakur Riptee , Kumar Dinesh , Nagaraj Chandana , Kumar Pardeep
Published: July 2023

Positron emission tomography (PET) using O‐(2‐[18F]fluoroethyl)‐L‐tyrosine ([18F]FET) has shown great success in differentiating tumor recurrence from necrosis. In this study, we are reporting the experience of synthesis [18F]FET by varying the concentration of TET precursor in different chemistry modules. TET precursor (2–10 mg) was used for the synthesis of [18F]FET in an automated (MX Tracerlab) module (n = 6) and semiautomated (FX2N Tracerlab) module (n = 19). The quality control was performed for all the preparations. For human imaging, 220 ± 50 MBq of [18F]FET was briefly injected into the patient to acquire PET‐MR images. The radiochemical purity was greater than 95% for the final product in both modules. The decay corrected average yield was 10.7 ± 4.7% (10 mg, n = 3) and 8.2 ± 2.6% (2 mg, n = 3) with automated chemistry module and 36.7 ± 7.3% (8–10 mg, n = 12), 26.4 ± 3.1% (5–7 mg, n = 4), and 35.1 ± 3.8% (2–4 mg, n = 3) with semiautomated chemistry modules. The PET imaging showed uptake at the lesion site (SUVmax = 7.5 ± 2.6) and concordance with the MR image. The [18F]FET was produced with a higher radiochemical yield with 2.0 mg of the precursor with substantial yield and is suitable for brain tumor imaging.
Environmental DNA surveys can underestimate amphibian occupancy and overestimate detection probability: implications for practice
Authors: Randall Lea A. , Goldberg Caren S. , Moehenschlager Axel
Published: July 2023

Environmental DNA analysis of water samples has recently emerged as a powerful tool for studying the distribution, ecology, and conservation of many amphibian species. Validating efficacy through comparison with established methods of detection is important for any new method. We used multi‐method and single‐method occupancy models to explore the effectiveness of 3 techniques for detecting northern leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens) and boreal chorus frogs (Pseudacris maculata). We conducted surveys using automated recording units, environmental DNA sampling, and visual encounter surveys in spring (30 Apr–3 Jun) and summer (23 Jul–27 Aug) of 2014 at 68 sites in southern Alberta, Canada. The multi‐method analysis incorporated data from all 3 survey methods while accounting for the lack of independence of detections within a sampling occasion, and we compared this to single‐method analyses to explore occupancy biases associated with each method and differences in method‐specific detection probability. Occupancy and detection probabilities estimated from environmental DNA analyses were biased for northern leopard frogs, overestimating probability of detection and underestimating occupancy. We could not assess bias for boreal chorus frogs because of overdispersion present in in the models. Although no single covariate explained this bias, it was ameliorated (albeit by reducing precision) by including a raw visual count of individuals as a proxy for abundance during the breeding but not the post‐metamorphic season. These results emphasize the need for careful consideration of temporal and spatial aspects of sampling design, conducting pilot studies, and external validation of eDNA‐only occupancy monitoring schemes prior to widespread implementation.
Simultaneous sequential anterolateral thigh free flaps with interposition comitant vein graft for one‐stage lower extremity reconstruction: A case report
Authors: Gur Ersin , Tiftikcioglu Yigit Ozer , Ozkayin Nadir
Published: July 2023

Developments in the microsurgery have made perforator fasciocutaneous free flaps more popular in lower extremity reconstructions. They have acceptable donor site morbidities when compared to traditional methods. However; there are some possible limitations with these flaps such as anatomical variations and insufficiency to cover large and/or complex defects with a single flap. Anterolateral thigh flap (ALT), which has proven its advantages in the reconstruction of many regions of the body, is one of the versatile perforator fasciocutaneous flap options. We present our experience of using sequential double ALTs for complex lower extremity reconstruction. A 44‐year‐old patient, who had a history of multiple traumas as a result of a traffic accident, had interconnected anterior tibial (6 × 4 cm) and bimalleolar defects (4 × 4 cm, 4 × 5 cm) in his left lower extremity. Double ALT flaps (16 × 9 cm, 17 × 10 cm) were used to reconstruct three individual defects. The posterior tibial artery was the only uninjured artery perfusing the lower extremity, so the already occluded anterior tibial artery was chosen as the recipient to avoid disturbing the posterior tibial vessels. The dominant comitant vein of one of the flaps was leaving the pedicle too early and following an aberrant path with increased diameter. As it was understood that the other comitant vein had poor drainage, it was taken as an interposition vein graft to lengthen the dominant aberrant vein. The two flaps were customized as one by flow‐through anastomoses on the operating table. The anterior tibial artery was washed and debrided distal to proximal until arterial spurting was seen. At the distance of 8 cm superior, the artery was found as feasible and anastomoses were performed. The proximal flap was inset vertically and the distal flap was inset on the horizontal axis to reach the bilateral malleolar defect. No complications were observed in both flaps. The patient was followed‐up for 8 months. Despite the successful reconstruction, the patient is still unable to walk unaided due to multiple traumas and the rehabilitation process continues. We believe that the use of sequential double ALT may be a useful alternative to reconstruct large lower extremity defects with minimal donor site morbidity when a suitable single recipient vessel is available.
Ground states for nonlinear fractional Schrödinger–Poisson systems with general convolution nonlinearities
Authors: Yang Jie , Liu Lintao , Chen Haibo
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we study the following fractional Schrödinger–Poisson system

where
is the Riesz potential,
. By using a monotonicity trick and global compactness lemma, we obtain the existence of a ground state solution for the above system.
Tumor‐liver interface in MRI of liver metastasis enables prediction of EGFR mutation in patients with lung cancer: A proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Hou Shaoping , Wang Hongbo , Wang Xiaoyu , Chen Huanhuan , Zhou Boyu , Meng Ruiqing , Sha Xianzheng , Chang Shijie , Wang Huan , Jiang Wenyan
Published: July 2023

Background

Preoperative prediction of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) status in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with liver metastasis (LM) may have potential clinical values for assisting in treatment decision‐making.

Purpose

To explore the value of tumor‐liver interface (TLI)‐based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics for detecting the EGFR mutation in NSCLC patients with LM.

Methods

This retrospective study included 123 and 44 patients from hospital 1 (between Feb. 2018 and Dec. 2021) and hospital 2 (between Nov. 2015 and Aug. 2022), respectively. The patients received contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted (CET1) and T2‐weighted (T2W) liver MRI scans before treatment. Radiomics features were extracted from MRI images of TLI and the whole tumor region, separately. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to screen the features and establish radiomics signatures (RSs) based on TLI (RS‐TLI) and the whole tumor (RS‐W). The RSs were evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results

A total of 5 and 6 features were identified highly correlated with the EGFR mutation status from TLI and the whole tumor, respectively. The RS‐TLI showed better prediction performance than RS‐W in the training (AUCs, RS‐TLI vs. RS‐W, 0.842 vs. 0.797), internal validation (AUCs, RS‐TLI vs. RS‐W, 0.771 vs. 0.676) and external validation (AUCs, RS‐TLI vs. RS‐W, 0.733 vs. 0.679) cohort.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated that TLI‐based radiomics can improve prediction performance of the EGFR mutation in lung cancer patients with LM. The established multi‐parametric MRI radiomics models may be used as new markers that can potentially assist in personalized treatment planning.
Does granulocyte transfusion help pediatric cancer patients with sepsis?
Authors: Keerthivasagam Swaminathan , Srinivasan Shyam , Navkudkar Anisha , Chichra Akanksha , Moulik Nirmalya Roy , Dhamne Chetan , Narula Gaurav , Desai Priti , Chinnaswamy Girish , Banavali Shripad
Published: July 2023

Sepsis‐related mortality continues to be a major concern while treating pediatric cancer patients, more so with the rise in the incidence of multidrug‐resistant organisms (MDRO). In this retrospective study conducted between January 2021 and December 2022 at a tertiary cancer center in India, granulocyte transfusion was offered in addition to standard antimicrobial therapy to 64 children with hematolymphoid malignancy who developed 75 episodes of severe sepsis following intensive chemotherapy. Forty‐four (83%) of 53 blood culture proven sepsis was caused by MDROs. Thirty‐seven (70%) patients with blood culture proven sepsis cleared the organism after granulocyte transfusion. Thirty‐day mortality was 25% for the entire study cohort and 32% for patients with MDRO sepsis.
In silico end‐capped engineering of 4,4′‐dimethyl‐[2, 2′‐bithiazole] core‐based acceptor materials for high‐performance organic solar cells
Authors: Kousar Samreen , Zafar Fatiqa , Rani Asifa , Hussain Riaz , Iqbal Javed , Abid Muhammad Amin , Zafar Waseeq‐Ul‐Islam , Adnan Muhammad , Shahi Mahrzadi Noreen
Published: July 2023

Organic solar cells (OSCs) have grabbed the attention of researchers due to good power conversion efficiency, low cost, and ability to compensate for light deficit. The aim of the present research work is to increase the efficiency of previously synthesized reference (R) molecule 2,2′‐((2Z,2′Z)‐(((4,4′‐dimethyl‐[2,2′‐bithiazole]‐5,5′‐diyl)bis(4‐(2‐butyloctyl)thiophene‐5,2‐diyl))bis (methaneylylidene))bis(5,6‐dichloro‐3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indene‐2,1‐diylidene))dimalononitrile by improving its photovoltaic properties via end cap engineering. Five new acceptors, namely, E1, E2, E3, E4, and E5, are used to substitute the end group of reference molecule. Several parameters have been analyzed using density functional theory including the absorption maxima, charge transfer analysis, frontier molecular orbital (FMO), open circuit voltage (Voc), density of states (DOS), photochemical characteristics, transition density matrix (TDM), and the electron‐hole reorganization energies to evaluate the efficiency of specially engineered molecules. All the engineered molecules (D1‐D5) had smaller energy gap (4.50–4.71 eV) compared with reference (4.75 eV) and absorption maxima in the range of 443.37–482.67 nm in solvent phase due to end‐cap acceptor modification. Fabricated molecules (D1‐D5) showed smaller electron reorganizational energy values (0.18–0.27 eV) and Voc ranging from 1.94 to 2.40 eV. Designed molecule D3 being an acceptor when blended with donor polymer (PTB7‐Th) portrayed highest charge transfer capability owing to its smallest energy gap (4.50 eV) among all the engineered molecules. D5 molecule exhibits higher Voc (2.40 eV), greater LHE (0.9988), and superior result of fill factor (94.15%) as compared with R, which leads to improve the efficiency of OSCs. Theoretical findings illustrated the superior behavior of all the designed molecules making them suitable aspirants to construct efficient OSC devices.
Emission Mechanism of Light‐Emitting Diode Structures with Red, Green, and Blue Active Layers Separated by Si‐Doped Interlayers
Authors: Okuno Koji , Goshonoo Koichi , Ohya Masaki
Published: July 2023

Blue, green, and red micro‐light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are expected to serve as light sources for next‐generation full‐color displays. This study fabricates an InGaN LED with an active layer comprising stacked red, green, and blue active layers separated by interlayers using the metal‐organic vapor‐phase epitaxy method for application to a monolithic full‐color LED. Experimental results and band simulations reveal that the emission wavelength during the current injection is controllable via adjustments to the Si doping amount of the interlayer. For a Si doping amount of the interlayer of approximately 2 × 1018 cm−3, only the red active layer closest to the p‐side emits light with a wavelength of ≈610 nm. With a decrease in the Si doping amount in the interlayer, the emission intensity from the n‐side active layer, that is, the green and blue active layers, increases. Moreover, the Si‐doped interlayer acts as a barrier against holes diffusing from the p‐side to the n‐side, thus controlling the amount of carrier injected into each active layer. Additionally, the green and blue active layers under the red active layer improve the emission characteristics of the red active layer. These results indicate the importance of this technology for realizing monolithic, full‐color InGaN‐based LEDs.
Clinical outcome of supervised pulmonary telerehabilitation program among adult patients with post‐acute COVID‐19 symptoms (PACS): A case series
Authors: Dalisay Nikko John , Ong ‐ dela Cruz Bernice , Punzal Percival , Limpin Ma. Encarnita
Published: July 2023

Patients with post‐acute COVID‐19 symptoms (PACS) can present with significant sequela due to the complex systemic effects of COVID‐19 infection. Most affected patients have persistent symptoms for 3–12 months after recovery from the acute phase of COVID‐19. Dyspnea affecting activities of daily living is one of the most challenging symptoms and has led to an influx of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) demand. Here we report the outcome of nine subjects with PACS who underwent 24 sessions of supervised pulmonary telerehabilitation. An improvised telerehabilitation PR was formulated to accommodate home confinement during the pandemic. Exercise capacity and pulmonary function were assessed using a cardiopulmonary exercise test, pulmonary function test, and St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). The clinical outcome shows improved exercise capacity on the 6‐minute walk test for all patients, and most had improvement in VO2 peak and SGRQ. Seven patients improved in forced vital capacity and six in forced expiratory volume. PR is a comprehensive intervention for patients with chronic obstructive disease aimed at alleviating pulmonary symptoms and improving functional capacity. In this case series, we report its usefulness in patients with PACS and its feasibility when delivered as a supervised telerehabilitation program. Further support for the effectiveness of PR patients with PACS is mandated.
Mean‐reversion risk and the random walk hypothesis
Authors: Jones C. Kenneth
Published: July 2023

The nature of risk and long‐term returns is not fully understood. There is need for a measure of long‐term risk at multiple horizons. Frequency domain digital signal processing, with an additive noise model, tests the random walk hypothesis for individual firm total and idiosyncratic risk at 2‐month to 4‐year periods. All firms have significant 12‐month risk. Monthly effects influence small firms. Large firm total risk and mid‐cap firm idiosyncratic risk are influenced by annual and 8‐year mean reversions. Large firm idiosyncratic risk has 4‐year mean‐reversion risk. Results suggest that single‐period risk is composed of multiple long‐term calendar and non‐calendar‐length variances.
TV‐UDE: Time‐varying uncertainty and disturbance estimator
Authors: Zhang Te , Li Shiyao , Zhu Bo , Li Yuanlong , Hu Tianjiang
Published: July 2023

The UDE (uncertainty and disturbance estimator)‐based control approach has received increasing attention due to its simplicity and effectiveness in rejecting input disturbances. Despite this fact, the inherent transient performance issues associated with a high‐gain UDE are rarely considered. We first design a classic UDE‐based robust controller for a linear system subject to three types of model uncertainties: exogenous disturbance, state‐dependent uncertainty, and input‐dependent uncertainty. We prove by the singular‐perturbation theory that arbitrarily small steady‐state tracking errors can be achieved by choosing an enough‐high gain for the UDE. We then design a novel time‐varying UDE (TV‐UDE) to improve the transient performance. The key of the improved design is to use a differential equation with a time‐varying parameter, instead of a transfer function, to describe the underlying filtering relationship. The formula for the integration by parts is introduced to derive an explicit computable expression of the TV‐UDE. Interestingly, the TV‐UDE is reduced to a classic UDE if the design parameter is fixed. In addition, two types of smooth and bounded functions are proposed to guide the change of UDE parameter from a large value to a smaller value (i.e., from a small gain to a higher one), to ensure that the UDE generates a smooth high‐accuracy estimate. The advantages of the TV‐UDE are demonstrated by simulation and experimental comparisons on a 2‐DOF AERO attitude control platform. The transient performance issues (such as the peaking phenomenon and obvious oscillation) of high‐gain UDE are effectively avoided.
Alleviation of Photoreceptor Degeneration Based on Fullerenols in rd1 Mice by Reversing Mitochondrial Dysfunction via Modulation of Mitochondrial DNA Transcription and Leakage
Authors: Yang Junling , Chen Xia , A Luodan , Gao Hui , Zhao Maoru , Ge Lingling , Li Minghui , Yang Cao , Gong Yu , Gu Zhanjun , Xu Haiwei
Published: July 2023

Poor therapeutic outcomes of antioxidants in ophthalmologic clinical applications, including glutathione during photoreceptor degeneration in retinitis pigmentosa (RP), are caused by limited anti‐oxidative capacity. In this study, fullerenols are synthesized and proven to be highly efficient in vitro radical scavengers. Fullerenol‐based intravitreal injections significantly improve the flash electroretinogram and light/dark transition tests performed for 28 days on rd1 mice, reduce the thinning of retinal outer nuclear layers, and preserve the Rhodopsin, Gnat‐1, and Arrestin expressions of photoreceptors. RNA‐sequencing, RT‐qPCR, and Western blotting validate that mitochondrial DNA (mt‐DNA)‐encoded genes of the electron transport chain (ETC), such as mt‐Nd4l, mt‐Co1, mt‐Cytb, and mt‐Atp6, are drastically downregulated in the retinas of rd1 mice, whereas nuclear DNA (n‐DNA)‐encoded genes, such as Ndufa1 and Atp5g3, are abnormally upregulated. Fullerenols thoroughly reverse the abnormal mt‐DNA and n‐DNA expression patterns of the ETC and restore mitochondrial function in degenerating photoreceptors. Additionally, fullerenols simultaneously repress Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1)‐mediated mt‐DNA cleavage and mt‐DNA leakage via voltage‐dependent anion channel (VDAC) pores by downregulating the transcription of Fen1 and Vdac1, thereby inactivating the downstream pro‐inflammatory cGAS‐STING pathway. These findings demonstrate that fullerenols can effectively alleviate photoreceptor degeneration in rd1 mice and serve as a viable treatment for RP.
Improved Photovoltaic Performances of Lead‐Free Cs2AgBiBr6 Double Perovskite Solar Cells Incorporating Tetracene as Co‐Hole Transport Layer
Authors: Daem Nathan , Dewalque Jennifer , Kim Dong Kuk , Spronck Gilles , Attwood Max , Wade Jessica , Henrist Catherine , Colson Pierre , Heutz Sandrine , Cloots Rudi , Maho Anthony
Published: July 2023

Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskite compounds are increasingly studied in recent years as promising candidates able to counter polluting, harmful, and oxygen‐/moisture‐sensitive issues intrinsic to traditional lead‐containing solar cells. Exhibiting high optical absorption coefficient, low toxicity, and important structural stability, Cs2AgBiBr6 solar cells still suffer from limited absorption of low‐energy photons, low carrier mobility, and limited carrier lifetimes induced by defect states. Herein, for the first time, a molecular layer of tetracene is introduced within a Cs2AgBiBr6‐based photovoltaic architecture: being incorporated at the interface between the double perovskite photoabsorber and spiro‐OMeTAD hole transport material, tetracene allows for a suitably graded cascade of energy bands within the solar cell architecture, which ultimately improves interfacial charge transfers and reduces charge recombination. The performances in photovoltaic devices are consequently enhanced versus tetracene‐free configurations, with champion values of open‐circuit voltages of 1.1 V (vs. 1.0 V), current densities of 2.5 mA cm−2 (vs. 1.9 mA cm−2), and photoconversion efficiencies of 1.7% (vs. 1.3%) with reduced hysteretic behavior.
Interpreting integrability
Authors: Salado Alejandro
Published: July 2023

Most systems engineers have likely heard of or pursued integrability when developing systems. It is also likely that systems engineers perceive that, in general, integrability is a desired quality to attain. But what is integrability, really? While there is likely a consensus within the systems engineering community about the general idea of integrability, this paper poses that reasoning about integrability requires a deeper, comprehensive interpretation of what integrability is and entails. Recognizing that the meaning of integrability is subjective, this paper provides a deep dive into understanding and interpreting integrability. The findings presented in this paper could be used as a guide for others to find clarity on what they mean by achieving integrability when developing systems.
The Association between Medicare Annual Wellness Visits and diabetes outcomes among older adults
Authors: Alsulami Abdulrahman , Dassel Kara B. , He Yao , Allen Nancy A.
Published: July 2023

The rising prevalence of diabetes among older adults is an increasing concern in the United States and is expected to nearly triple within the next 40 years. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the utilization of Medicare Annual Wellness Visits (AWVs) is associated with changes in type 2 diabetes (T2D) outcomes among older adults Medicare beneficiaries. We conducted an observational retrospective cohort study to compare the T2D outcomes between those who attended AWVs and those who did not from 2017 to 2019. The criteria used for this study include having at least two readings (hemoglobin A1c [A1c] levels, glucose levels, and the number of T2D medications), and for the AWV cohort, the AWVs had to occur between those readings. A total of 508 (2%) Medicare beneficiaries fit our selection criteria. Only 154 (30%) of these patients with T2D participated in AWVs. At baseline, the AWV cohort had lower A1c levels and fewer comorbidities than the non‐AWV cohort. No other statistically significant findings were found. These findings indicate that providers did not utilize AWVs on the more complicated patients, who may need it the most.
Erratum to: Special Vinberg cones and the entropy of BPS extremal black holes
Authors: Alekseevsky Dmitri V. , Marrani Alessio , Spiro Andrea
Published: July 2023

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP11(2021)100
Primary observables for indirect searches at colliders
Authors: Chang Spencer , Chen Miranda , Liu Da , Luty Markus A.
Published: July 2023

Abstract

We consider the complete set of observables for collider searches for indirect effects of new heavy physics. They consist of SU(3)C × U(1)EM invariant interaction terms/operators that parameterize deviations from the Standard Model. We show that, under very general assumptions, the leading deviations from the Standard Model are given by a finite number of ‘primary’ operators, with the remaining operators given by ‘Mandelstam descendants’ whose effects are suppressed by powers of Mandelstam variables divided by the mass scale M of the heavy physics. We explicitly determine all 3 and 4-point primary operators relevant for Higgs signals at colliders by using the correspondence between on-shell amplitudes and independent operators. We give a detailed discussion of the methods used to obtain this result, including a new analytical method for determining the independent operators. The results are checked using the Hilbert series that counts independent operators. We also give a rough sketch of the phenomenology, including unitarity bounds on the interaction strengths and rough estimates of their importance for Higgs decays at the HL-LHC. These results motivate further exploration of Higgs decays to $$ Z\overline{f}f $$
Z

f
¯

f
, $$ W\overline{f}{f}^{\prime } $$
W

f
¯

f
′

, $$ \gamma \overline{f}f $$
γ

f
¯

f
, and Zγγ.
Late time behavior of n-point spectral form factors in Airy and JT gravities
Authors: Anegawa Takanori , Iizuka Norihiro , Okuyama Kazumi , Sakai Kazuhiro
Published: July 2023

Abstract

We study the late time behavior of n-point spectral form factors (SFFs) in two-dimensional Witten-Kontsevich topological gravity, which includes both Airy and JT gravities as special cases. This is conducted in the small ħ expansion, where $$ \hbar \sim {e}^{-1/{G}_{\textrm{N}}} $$
ħ
∼

e

−
1
/

G
N

is the genus counting parameter and nonperturbative in Newton’s constant GN. For one-point SFF, we study its absolute square at two different late times. We show that it decays by power law at t ~ ħ−2/3 while it decays exponentially at t ~ ħ−1 due to the higher order corrections in ħ. We also study general n(≥2)-point SFFs at t ~ ħ−1 in the leading order of the ħ expansion. We find that they are characterized by a single function, which is essentially the connected two-point SFF and is determined by the classical eigenvalue density ρ0(E) of the dual matrix integral. These studies suggest that qualitative behaviors of n-point SFFs are similar in both Airy and JT gravities, where our analysis in the former case is based on exact results.
Holographic composite Higgs model building: soft breaking, maximal symmetry, and the Higgs mass
Authors: Blasi Simone , Bollig Julian , Goertz Florian
Published: July 2023

Abstract

We study the emergence and phenomenological consequences of recently proposed new structures, namely soft breaking of the Higgs shift symmetry and ‘maximal symmetry’ of the composite sector, in holographic realizations of composite Higgs models. For the former, we show that soft breaking can also successfully be implemented in a full 5D warped model, where symmetry-restoring universal boundary conditions for the fermion fields allow to break the problematic connection between a realistically light Higgs and anomalously light top partners. For the latter, we demonstrate that the minimal incarnation of maximal symmetry in the holographic dual leads to a sharp prediction of mh≈ 197 GeV for f = 800 GeV. However, a viable implementation is possible with sizable negative gauge brane kinetic terms, allowing for the observed mh = 125 GeV. Overall, both approaches offer promising directions to improve the naturalness also of holographic realizations of composite Higgs models.
A duality in string theory on AdS3
Authors: Halder Indranil , Jafferis Daniel Louis , Kolchmeyer David K.
Published: July 2023

Abstract

We consider bosonic string theory on AdS3 supported by Kalb-Ramond flux. It is well known that the α′ exact worldsheet theory is described by the SL(2,R) WZW model. In this note we perform checks of an α′ exact dual description proposed in [arXiv:2104.07233] involving a winding condensate on a free theory background. We give the explicit map of vertex operators for normalizable states on both sides of the duality and demonstrate the equivalence of their two and three point functions by direct computation. The duality is of strong-weak nature in α′.