bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green, General and Low‐cost Synthesis of Porous Organic Polymers in Sub‐kilogram Scale for Catalysis and CO2 Capture
Authors: Luo Dan , Shi Tianhui , Li Qiao‐Hong , Xu Qinqin , Strømme Maria , Zhang Qian‐Feng , Xu Chao
Published: April 2023

Porous organic polymers (POPs) with high porosity and tunable functionalities have been widely studied for use in gas separation, catalysis, energy conversion and energy storage. However, the high cost of organic monomers, and the use of toxic solvents and high temperatures during synthesis pose obstacles for large‐scale production. Herein, we report the synthesis of imine and aminal‐linked POPs using inexpensive diamine and dialdehyde monomers in green solvents. Theoretical calculations and control experiments show that using meta‐diamines is crucial for forming aminal linkages and branching porous networks from [2+2] polycondensation reactions. The method demonstrates good generality in that 6 POPs were successfully synthesized from different monomers. Additionally, we scaled up the synthesis in ethanol at room temperature, resulting in the production of POPs in sub‐kilogram quantities at a relatively low cost. Proof‐of‐concept studies demonstrate that the POPs can be used as high‐performance sorbents for CO2 separation and as porous substrates for efficient heterogeneous catalysis. This method provides an environmentally friendly and cost‐effective approach for large‐scale synthesis of various POPs.
Porous Salts Containing Cationic Al24‐Hydroxide‐Acetate Clusters from Scalable, Green and Aqueous Synthesis Routes
Authors: Achenbach Bastian , Grape Erik Svensson , Wahiduzzaman Mohammad , Pappler Sandra K. , Meinhart Marcel , Siegel Renée , Maurin Guillaume , Senker Jürgen , Inge A. Ken , Stock Norbert
Published: April 2023

The solution chemistry of aluminum is highly complex and various polyoxocations are known. Here we report on the facile synthesis of a cationic Al24 cluster that forms porous salts of composition [Al24(OH)56(CH3COO)12]X4, denoted CAU‐55‐X, with X=Cl−, Br−, I−, HSO4−. Three‐dimensional electron diffraction was employed to determine the crystal structures. Various robust and mild synthesis routes for the chloride salt [Al24(OH)56(CH3COO)12]Cl4 in water were established resulting in high yields (>95 %, 215 g per batch) within minutes. Specific surface areas and H2O capacities with maximum values of up to 930 m2 g−1 and 430 mg g−1 are observed. The particle size of CAU‐55‐X can be tuned between 140 nm and 1250 nm, permitting its synthesis as stable dispersions or as highly crystalline powders. The positive surface charge of the particles, allow fast and effective adsorption of anionic dye molecules and adsorption of poly‐ and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).
A Quencher‐Based Blood‐Autofluorescence‐Suppression Strategy Enables the Quantification of Trace Analytes in Whole Blood
Authors: Yuwen Zhiyang , Zeng Qin , Ye Qiaozhen , Zhao Yixing , Zhu Jingxuan , Chen Kang , Liu Hongwen , Yang Ronghua
Published: April 2023

Precise quantification of trace components in whole blood via fluorescence is of great significance. However, the applicability of current fluorescent probes in whole blood is largely hindered by the strong blood autofluorescence. Here, we proposed a blood autofluorescence‐suppressed sensing strategy to develop an activable fluorescent probe for quantification of trace analyte in whole blood. Based on inner filter effect, by screening fluorophores whose absorption overlapped with the emission of blood, a redshift BODIPY quencher with an absorption wavelength ranging from 600–700 nm was selected for its superior quenching efficiency and high brightness. Two 7‐nitrobenzo[c] [1,2,5] oxadiazole ether groups were introduced onto the BODIPY skeleton for quenching its fluorescence and the response of H2S, a gas signal molecule that can hardly be quantified because of its low concentration in whole blood. Such detection system shows a pretty low background signal and high signal‐to‐back ratio, the probe thus achieved the accurate quantification of endogenous H2S in 20‐fold dilution of whole blood samples, which is the first attempt of quantifying endogenous H2S in whole blood. Moreover, this autofluorescence‐suppressed sensing strategy could be expanded to other trace analytes detection in whole blood, which may accelerate the application of fluorescent probes in clinical blood test.
Best Practices and a Business Case for Surgical Site Infection Prevention
Authors: Kang Minji , Andrew Maria E. , Farishta Akil , Oltmann Sarah C. , Sreeramoju Pranavi V.
Published: April 2023

Surgical site infections (SSIs) can be costly and result in prolonged hospital stays; readmissions; and additional diagnostic tests, therapeutic antibiotic treatments, and surgical procedures. Evidence‐based practices for preventing SSIs include environmental cleaning; instrument cleaning, decontamination, and sterilization; preoperative bathing; preoperative Staphylococcus aureus decolonization; intraoperative antimicrobial prophylaxis; hand hygiene; and surgical hand antisepsis. Strong partnerships among infection prevention personnel, perioperative nurses, surgeons, and anesthesia professionals may enhance perioperative infection prevention. Facility and physician‐specific SSI rates should be reported to physicians and frontline personnel in a timely, accessible manner. Together with costs associated with SSIs, these data help determine the success of an infection prevention program. Leaders can develop a comprehensive business case proposal for perioperative infection prevention programs. The proposal should describe the need for the program and anticipated return on investment; it also should focus on the goal of decreasing SSIs by establishing metrics for assessing outcomes and addressing barriers.
Effects of biodegradable and active sachets based on sodium alginate and Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) pulp extract on the quality of olive oil
Authors: Alves‐Silva Gisele Fernanda , Santos Luan Gustavo , Romani Viviane Patrícia , Martins Vilásia Guimarães
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to produce and characterize biodegradable films of sodium alginate incorporated with macaúba pulp extract (MPE‐0, 10%, 20%, and 30%) and evaluate their effects as active sachets containing olive oil. The films were produced by casting technique and mechanical, barrier, and antioxidant properties were evaluated. The incorporation of MPE modified the mechanical, solubility, color, and barrier properties of alginate films. The polyphenol content of the films increased with the addition of MPE, showing antioxidant activity of 4.2 and 4 mg GAE g−1 for ABTS•+ and DPPH, respectively. The film incorporated with 10% of extract (MP10) presented a decrease of 82% in water vapor permeability and an increase in the tensile strength of 2.3 times compared to the control film (without extract). MP10 was used to store olive oil as this formulation showed superior packaging properties compared to the others tested. At the end of the 16 days of olive oil storage, MP10 was able to maintain the quality parameters of peroxide and acidity within the limits established by current legislation. Therefore, these results indicate the great potential of the incorporation of MPE in the elaboration of sustainable and active materials for packaging olive oil and other fatty foods.
An optimized RNA extraction method for diverse leaves of Hawaiian Metrosideros, a hypervariable tree species complex
Authors: Hadi Maryam , Stacy Elizabeth A.
Published: April 2023

Premise

The isolation of RNA from trees is challenging due to the interference of polyphenols and polysaccharides with downstream processes. Furthermore, many RNA extraction protocols are time consuming and involve hazardous chemicals. To address these issues, we aimed to develop a safe protocol for high‐quality RNA extraction from diverse Metrosideros taxa representing a broad range of leaf toughness, pubescence, and secondary metabolites.

Methods and Results

We tested popular RNA isolation kits and protocols that were effective on other recalcitrant trees, including a broad range of optimization and purification steps. We optimized a protocol involving two silica‐membrane column‐based kits that yielded high‐quantity RNA with an RNA integrity number >7 and without DNA contamination. All RNA samples were used successfully in a follow‐on RNA‐Seq experiment.

Conclusions

We present an optimized high‐throughput RNA extraction protocol that yielded high‐quality and high‐quantity RNA from three contrasting leaf phenotypes within a hyperdiverse woody species complex.
Adaptive nonlinear information fusion preview control for autonomous surface vessels subject to measurement noises and unknown input saturations
Authors: Xu Qingzheng , Wang Zhisheng , Qin Li
Published: April 2023

This study presents an adaptive nonlinear information fusion preview control (NIFPC) method for trajectory tracking of autonomous surface vessels (ASVs) subject to system uncertainty, measurement noise, and unknown input saturations. The NIFPC is developed based on the nonlinear information fusion estimation methodology, in which the system's future reference trajectory information, noise information, performance index requirements, and system dynamic model are all transformed into information equations related to control input, and then the current control action is obtained by fusing these previewed future information via the nonlinear information fusion optimal estimation. In order to avoid the unknown input saturation constraints, a fuzzy asymmetric saturated approximator (FASA) is designed and integrated into the controller, where the fuzzy logic system (FLS) is used to adaptively adjust the key boundary parameters of the approximator. As a result, the negative effects caused by system uncertainty and measurement noise can be effectively suppressed, while the completely unknown input saturation constraints in the system actuator are guaranteed not to be violated. The convergence of the tracking errors of the closed‐loop system is guaranteed via Lyapunov stability theory. Numerical simulation results have been provided to demonstrate the satisfactory performance of the proposed control scheme.
Potential remote forcing of North Atlantic SST tripole anomalies on the seesaw haze intensity between late winter months in the North China plain: A case study
Authors: Wang Jing , Liu Yanju , Ding Yihui
Published: April 2023

This study identified a prominent temporal seesaw haze intensity case that occurred between the late winter months of 2010 in the North China Plain (NCP), featuring considerably suppressed haze intensity in January and enhanced haze intensity in the adjacent month of February in 2011. We suggest that dramatic alternations of atmospheric and oceanic anomalies played fundamental roles in forming this seesaw haze intensity case, rather than changes in manmade emission anomalies. The suppressed haze intensity in January 2011 was tied to an equivalent barotropic cyclonic anomaly that dominated the NCP and its surroundings, which generated in situ haze‐suppressed meteorology characterized by strengthened lower‐level northerly anomalies with cold and dry conditions, as well as elevated boundary layer height and destabilized atmospheric stratification. In stark contrast, the enhanced haze intensity in February 2011 was connected to an equivalent barotropic anticyclonic anomaly, linking a haze‐favourable meteorology opposite to that in January 2011. The pronounced North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) tripole anomalies, with positive anomalies in the tropical and mid‐latitudinal North Atlantic and negative anomalies in the subtropical North Atlantic, made a significant contribution to the above‐mentioned seesaw haze intensity case. Diagnostic analyses suggested that the January North Atlantic SST tripole anomalies were linked to a significant negative North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)‐like pattern, which acted as the source of the Rossby wave train to generate concurrent haze‐suppressed meteorology over the NCP. In February, although the NAO‐like pattern was drastically dampened, the enhanced barotropic cyclonic anomaly centred southeast of the Yamal Peninsula played a critical role in relaying the impact of January tripole SST anomalies, thus inducing concurrent haze‐favourable meteorology. Consequently, January North Atlantic SST tripole anomalies could exert an effective modulation effect on the generation of seesaw haze intensity. The proposed mechanism was further verified using the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble Numerical Simulation (CESM‐LENS) datasets.
Some statistical challenges in automated driving systems
Authors: Caballero William N. , Rios Insua David , Naveiro Roi
Published: April 2023

Automated driving systems are rapidly developing. However, numerous open problems remain to be resolved to ensure this technology progresses before its widespread adoption. A large subset of these problems are, or can be framed as, statistical decision problems. Therefore, we present herein several important statistical challenges that emerge when designing and operating automated driving systems. In particular, we focus on those that relate to request‐to‐intervene decisions, ethical decision support, operations in heterogeneous traffic, and algorithmic robustification. For each of these problems, earlier solution approaches are reviewed and alternative solutions are provided with accompanying empirical testing. We also highlight open avenues of inquiry for which applied statistical investigation can help ensure the maturation of automated driving systems. In so doing, we showcase the relevance of statistical research and practice within the context of this revolutionary technology.
Poor synchronization yet adequate tempo‐keeping in adults with autism
Authors: Kasten Keren , Jacoby Nori , Ahissar Merav
Published: April 2023

Sensorimotor synchronization to external events is fundamental to social interactions. Adults with autism spectrum condition (ASC) have difficulty with synchronization, manifested in both social and non‐social situations, such as paced finger‐tapping tasks, where participants synchronize their taps to metronome beats. What limits ASC's synchronization is a matter of debate, especially whether it stems from reduced online correction of synchronization error (the “slow update” account) or from noisy internal representations (the “elevated internal noise” account). To test these opposing theories, we administered a synchronization‐continuation tapping task, with and without tempo changes. Participants were asked to synchronize with the metronome and continue the tempo when it stopped. Since continuation is based only on internal representations, the slow update hypothesis predicts no difficulty, whereas the elevated noise hypothesis predicts similar or enhanced difficulties. Additionally, tempo changes were introduced, to assess whether adequate updating of internal representations to external changes is possible when given a longer temporal window for updating. We found that the ability to keep the metronome's tempo after it stopped did not differ between ASC and typically developing (TD) individuals. Importantly, when given a longer period to adapt to external changes, keeping a modified tempo was also similar in ASC. These results suggest that synchronization difficulties in ASC stem from slow update rather than elevated internal noise.
Korrosionsschutz beim neuen Schiffshebewerk Niederfinow: Farbtonbeständigkeit und KKS
Authors: Schmid Matthias J. , Drabon Hilmar
Published: April 2023

Bei der Ausführung des Korrosionsschutzes für das neue Schiffshebewerk Niederfinow waren u. a. Fragestellungen zur Beständigkeit des Farbtons der Beschichtung und im kathodischen Korrosionsschutz zu lösen. Farbtonbeständigkeit und ‐genauigkeit wurden bisher bei der Qualitätskontrolle bei ähnlichen Hochbauten wie bspw. Stahlbrücken kaum berücksichtigt. Häufig kreiden und verblassen Farbflächen an solchen Bauwerken im Laufe der Zeit und entsprechen nicht mehr den architektonischen Ansprüchen. Die Beschichtungen nach Blatt 94 wiesen bei den Farbtönen Blau und Gelb Abweichungen zur geforderten Farbtonbeständigkeit auf. Bei der Bewertung der Abweichungen war es wichtig, das zugrunde liegende Farbsystem zweckmäßig auszuwählen. In diesem Fall wurde schließlich als Bewertungsgrundlage für den Farbton Gelb das ΔECMC‐System gewählt. Weitere Ursachen für Farbtonunterschiede lagen in den Verarbeitungsbedingungen und einem Chargenwechsel des Beschichtungsstoffs. Bei gesteigerten Anforderungen an die Farbtonbeständigkeit, v. a. bei architektonisch bedeutsamen Flächen, sollten Beschichtungen mit besonders farbstabilen Pigmenten eingesetzt werden. Diese sollten durch Auslagerungsversuche im Vorfeld untersucht werden. Der kathodische Schutz erfolgte durch galvanische Anoden und ein Fremdstromsystem. Es zeigte sich, dass, gerade bei komplexen Anlagen wie dieser, baubegleitende mobile Messungen zum Abgleich des Soll‐ und Ist‐Potentials durchgeführt werden sollten.
1H NMR‐based process understanding and biochemical marker identification methodology for monitoring CHO cell culture process during commercial‐scale manufacturing
Authors: Zhao Fang , Wan Yuxiang , Nie Lei , Jiao Jingyu , Gao Dong , Sun Yan , Chen Zhenhua , Shi Yingting , Yang Jiayu , Pan Jianyang , Wang Haibin , Qu Haibin
Published: April 2023

Controlling the process of CHO cell fed‐batch culture is critical for biologics quality control. However, the biological complexity of cells has hampered the reliable process understanding for industrial manufacturing. In this study, a workflow was developed for the consistency monitoring and biochemical marker identification of the commercial‐scale CHO cell culture process through 1H NMR assisted with multivariate data analysis (MVDA). Firstly, a total of 63 metabolites were identified in this study object in 1H NMR spectra of the CHO cell‐free supernatants. Secondly, multivariate statistical process control (MSPC) charts were used to evaluate process consistency. According to MSPC charts, the batch‐to‐batch quality consistency was high, indicating the CHO cell culture process at the commercial scale was well‐controlled and stable. Then, the biochemical marker identification was provided through orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) based S‐line plots during the cell logarithmic expansion, stable growth, and decline phases. Identified biochemical markers of the three cell growth phases were as follows: L‐glutamine, pyroglutamic acid, 4‐hydroxyproline, choline, glucose, lactate, alanine, and proline were of the logarithmic growth phase; isoleucine, leucine, valine, acetate, and alanine were of the stable growth phase; acetate, glycine, glycerin, and gluconic acid were of the cell decline phase. Additional potential metabolic pathways that might influence the cell culture phase transitions were demonstrated. The workflow proposed in this study demonstrates that the combination of MVDA tools and 1H NMR technology is highly appealing to the research of the biomanufacturing process, and applies well to provide guidance in future work on consistency evaluation and biochemical marker monitoring of the production of other biologics.
Effect of chromosomal integration on catalytic performance of a multi‐component P450 system in Escherichia coli
Authors: Luelf U. Joost , Böhmer Lisa M. , Li Shengying , Urlacher Vlada B.
Published: April 2023

Cytochromes P450 are useful biocatalysts in synthetic chemistry and important bio‐bricks in synthetic biology. Almost all bacterial P450s require separate redox partners for their activity, which are often expressed in recombinant Escherichia coli using multiple plasmids. However, the application of CRISPR/Cas recombineering facilitated chromosomal integration of heterologous genes which enables more stable and tunable expression of multi‐component P450 systems for whole‐cell biotransformations. Herein, we compared three E. coli strains W3110, JM109, and BL21(DE3) harboring three heterologous genes encoding a P450 and two redox partners either on plasmids or after chromosomal integration in two genomic loci. Both loci proved to be reliable and comparable for the model regio‐ and stereoselective two‐step oxidation of (S)‐ketamine. Furthermore, the CRISPR/Cas‐assisted integration of the T7 RNA polymerase gene enabled an easy extension of T7 expression strains. Higher titers of soluble active P450 were achieved in E. coli harboring a single chromosomal copy of the P450 gene compared to E. coli carrying a medium copy pET plasmid. In addition, improved expression of both redox partners after chromosomal integration resulted in up to 80% higher (S)‐ketamine conversion and more than fourfold increase in total turnover numbers.
Impacts of hydrodynamic conditions and microscale surface roughness on the critical shear stress to develop and thickness of early‐stage Pseudomonas putida biofilms
Authors: Wei Guanju , Yang Judy Q.
Published: April 2023

Biofilms can increase pathogenic contamination of drinking water, cause biofilm‐related diseases, alter the sediment erosion rate, and degrade contaminants in wastewater. Compared with mature biofilms, biofilms in the early‐stage have been shown to be more susceptible to antimicrobials and easier to remove. Mechanistic understanding of physical factors controlling early‐stage biofilm growth is critical to predict and control biofilm development, yet such understanding is currently incomplete. Here, we reveal the impacts of hydrodynamic conditions and microscale surface roughness on the development of early‐stage Pseudomonas putida biofilm through a combination of microfluidic experiments, numerical simulations, and fluid mechanics theories. We demonstrate that early‐stage biofilm growth is suppressed under high flow conditions and that the local velocity for early‐stage P. putida biofilms (growth time < 14 h) to develop is about 50 μm/s, which is similar to P. putida's swimming speed. We further illustrate that microscale surface roughness promotes the growth of early‐stage biofilms by increasing the area of the low‐flow region. Furthermore, we show that the critical average shear stress, above which early‐stage biofilms cease to form, is 0.9 Pa for rough surfaces, three times as large as the value for flat or smooth surfaces (0.3 Pa). The important control of flow conditions and microscale surface roughness on early‐stage biofilm development, characterized in this study, will facilitate future predictions and managements of early‐stage P. putida biofilm development on the surfaces of drinking water pipelines, bioreactors, and sediments in aquatic environments.
An adaptive modeling approach using spiking‐augmentation method to improve chemometric model performance in bioprocess monitoring
Authors: Zhao Yuxiang , Tang Yawen , Wasalathanthri Dhanuka , Xu Jianlin , Ding Julia
Published: April 2023

Intensified and continuous processes require fast and robust methods and technologies to monitor product titer for faster analytical turnaround time, process monitoring, and process control. The current titer measurements are mostly offline chromatography‐based methods which may take hours or even days to get the results back from the analytical labs. Thus, offline methods will not meet the requirement of real time titer measurements for continuous production and capture processes. FTIR and chemometric based multivariate modeling are promising tools for real time titer monitoring in clarified bulk (CB) harvests and perfusate lines. However, empirical models are known to be vulnerable to unseen variability, specifically a FTIR chemometric titer model trained on a given biological molecule and process conditions often fails to provide accurate predictions of titer in another molecule under different process conditions. In this study, we developed an adaptive modeling strategy: the model was initially built using a calibration set of available perfusate and CB samples and then updated by augmenting spiking samples of the new molecules to the calibration set to make the model robust against perfusate or CB harvest of the new molecule. This strategy substantially improved the model performance and significantly reduced the modeling effort for new molecules.
Atractylodes Processing Products Protect against Gastric Ulcers in Rats by Influencing the NF‐κB‐MMP‐9/TIMP‐1 Regulatory Mechanism and Intestinal Flora
Authors: Zeng Linlin , Shen Ling , Fan Yilin , Luo Qiaomei , Hong Ran , Sun Xiaoli , Zhou Xia , Wan Jun
Published: April 2023

Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. (AM) is a Chinese herbal medicine that is widely used for treating gastrointestinal diseases. However, little research has focused on it as a single medicine for treating gastric ulcers. Honey‐bran stir‐frying is a characteristic method of concocting AM, so we speculated that AM is more effective after this preparation process. Analysis by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐hybrid quadrupole‐Orbitrap high‐resolution mass spectrometry revealed changes in the chemical composition of raw Atractylodes (SG), bran‐fried Atractylodes (FG), and honey‐bran‐fried Atractylodes (MFG). MFG was superior to SG and FG in improving the pathological structure of gastric tissue in rats with acute gastric ulcers, reducing inflammatory cell infiltration in gastric tissue, and significantly reducing malondialdehyde while increasing superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and reducing the damage caused by free radical accumulation in the gastric mucosa. In addition, MFG reduced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9), an inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐1 (TIMP‐1) and nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB)proteins, inhibited inflammatory response, and regulated the degradation and rebalancing of the extracellular matrix. Fecal microbiota analysis also revealed that MFG normalized the intestinal flora to some extent. Our study shows that AM had a protective effect on rats with alcohol‐induced acute gastric ulcers before and after processing, and AM‐processed products were more effective than raw ones. Compared with MF, MFG had a higher rate of ulcer inhibition and a stronger anti‐inflammatory effect, and its mechanism of action was related to the NF‐κB‐MMP‐9/TIMP‐1 signaling pathway.
The impact of a statewide payment reform on transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) utilization and readmissions
Authors: Yesantharao Pooja S. , Etchill Eric W. , Zhou Alice L. , Ong Chin Siang , Metkus Thomas S. , Canner Joseph K. , Alejo Diane E. , Aliu Oluseyi , Czarny Matthew J. , Hasan Rani K. , Resar Jon R. , Schena Stefano
Published: April 2023

Background

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is an increasingly used but relatively expensive procedure with substantial associated readmission rates. It is unknown how cost‐constrictive payment reform measures, such as Maryland's All Payer Model, impact TAVR utilization given its relative expense. This study investigated the impact of Maryland's All Payer Model on TAVR utilization and readmissions among Maryland Medicare beneficiaries.

Methods

This was a quasi‐experimental investigation of Maryland Medicare patients undergoing TAVR between 2012 and 2018. New Jersey data were used for comparison. Longitudinal interrupted time series analyses were used to study TAVR utilization and difference‐in‐differences analyses were used to investigate post‐TAVR readmissions.

Results

During the first year of payment reform (2014), TAVR utilization among Maryland Medicare beneficiaries dropped by 8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: −9.2% to −7.1%; p < 0.001), with no concomitant change in TAVR utilization in New Jersey (0.2%, 95% CI: 0%–1%, p = 0.09). Longitudinally, however, the All Payer Model did not impact TAVR utilization in Maryland compared to New Jersey. Difference‐in‐differences analyses demonstrated that implementation of the All Payer Model was not associated with significantly greater declines in 30‐day post‐TAVR readmissions in Maryland versus New Jersey (−2.1%; 95% CI: −5.2% to 0.9%; p =0.1).

Conclusions

Maryland's All Payer Model resulted in an immediate decline in TAVR utilization, likely a result of hospitals adjusting to global budgeting. However, beyond this transition period, this cost‐constrictive reform measure did not limit Maryland TAVR utilization. In addition, the All Payer Model did not reduce post‐TAVR 30‐day readmissions. These findings may help inform expansion of globally budgeted healthcare payment structures.
Possibilities of Optimizing the Purity of Mannose in Continuous Chromatographic Separation
Authors: Gillarová Simona , Henke Svatopluk , Svoboda Tomáš , Krčová Pavla , Bubník Zdeněk , Kadlec Pavel , Sluková Marcela
Published: April 2023

The development of separation technology based on continuous simulated moving bed chromatography in sugar technology is described. This is a potential economic alternative method both in terms of separation efficiency and process performance, and in terms of the high purity of the resulting products. This work focuses in detail on the isolation of mannose from natural polysaccharides, such as galactomannans; however, the developed procedures and equipment can be further applied to the separation of various liquid mixtures of carbohydrates. The main aim was to find optimal operating conditions for hydrolytic and separation steps of the whole technology. The obtained results provide a basic data set for further development of the industrial application.
Personality and wealth
Authors: Fenton‐O'Creevy Mark , Furnham Adrian
Published: April 2023

To what extent do personality traits predict wealth in adulthood over and above standard demographic factors? In all 3240 adults in the UK completed a Big Five personality test and reported on their property wealth, savings and investments, and their physical valuable items. We also had data on their age, education, household income and gender. Correlations and regressions showed that the demographics, particularly age and income were, as expected clearest correlates of wealth. Conscientious was positively and agreeableness, neuroticism and extraversion were negatively associated with savings and investments. The data pointed clearly to conscientiousness as the most important personality trait in wealth accumulation. Implications of these results as well as limitations of the study are discussed.
Cu2P7‐CoP Heterostructure Nanosheets Enable High‐Performance of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural Electrooxidation
Authors: Bi Jiahui , Xu Hui , Wang Wenke , Sang Ting , Jiang Anning , Hao Jingcheng , Li Zhonghao
Published: April 2023

Electrooxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfural (HMF) into 2,5‐furandicarboxylicacid (FDCA) has been regarded as a promising sustainable approach to achieve value‐added chemicals. However, it is still impeded by the unsatisfactory performance of electrocatalysts. Here, Cu2P7‐CoP heterostructure nanosheets were reported to enable powerful HMF electrooxidation. The Cu2P7‐CoP heterostructure nanosheets were fabricated by microwave‐assisted deep eutectic solvent (DES) approach, along with subsequent phosphiding. The Cu2P7‐CoP heterostructure nanosheets enabled a superb 100 % HMF conversion at 1.43 V (vs. RHE) with 98.8 % FDCA yield and 98 % Faradaic efficiency (FE), demonstrating its promising application in HMF electrooxidation. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, open‐circuit potential (OCP) approach and density functional theory (DFT) calculation uncovered that the electron transfer and redistribution between Cu2P7 and CoP improved the adsorption capacity of HMF and modulated the catalytic performance. This study not only offered a powerful electrocatalyst for HMF electrooxidation, but also provided a conceptually new strategy for the heterostructure catalyst design.
Wide zero‐voltage switching range full‐bridge converter based on adjustable parallel current
Authors: Gao Yahu , Tang Yu , Wang Hongchang , Zhao Zixiang , Wang Guanghui , Song Yinghao
Published: April 2023

Aiming at the problems of narrow ZVS range, large duty cycle loss, and severe voltage oscillation of phase‐shift‐controlled full‐bridge converters, this paper proposes a converter that realizes ZVS by adjusting the parallel current. No additional series inductor is required, avoiding large duty cycle loss and weakening voltage oscillations on the secondary side. The converter with small duty cycle loss can use a transformer with a larger turns ratio, which can reduce the voltage stress of the secondary diodes and the filter inductor current ripple. The parallel current required to realize ZVS is analyzed theoretically considering the influence of leakage inductor energy on ZVS. A comparative experiment between the proposed converter and the conventional full‐bridge converter is carried out to verify the performance of the proposed converter.
Environmental variables and species traits as drivers of wild bee pollination in intensive agroecosystems—A metabarcoding approach
Authors: Querejeta Marina , Marchal Lorène , Pfeiffer Paul , Roncoroni Marilyn , Bretagnolle Vincent , Gaba Sabrina , Boyer Stéphane
Published: April 2023

Wild bees are known to be efficient pollinators of wild plants and cultivated crops and they are essential ecosystem service providers. However, wild bee populations have been suffering from significant declines in the last decades mainly due to the use of agrochemicals. Within this framework, we aimed to characterize wild bees' pollination spectrum (i.e., the community of pollinated flowering plants) in intensive agroecosystems, and describe the environmental variables and wild bee species traits influencing the pollination. To do this, we conducted metabarcoding analyses of pollen loads from wild bees collected in sunflower crops in the French region of Nouvelle‐Aquitaine. Our study revealed that wild bees visited flowering plants corresponding to 231 different operational taxonomic units, classified into 38 families of which Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, and Apiaceae were the most visited and more than 90% of the visited taxa turned out to be wildflowers. We also analyzed the potential effect of environmental variables and wild bee species traits in governing their choice of pollinated plants. The community composition of pollinated plants varied depending on the flowering stages of the sunflower and the farming system. Our results also show that pollination niche breadth (alpha diversity) varied depending on the flowering stages of the sunflower but was not different between organic and conventional farming systems. Regarding wild bee species traits, the community composition of pollinated plants varied in relation to wild bees' body sizes and sociality levels. Our results are consistent with previous studies, suggesting that solitary bees are more specialist when it comes to flower selection than social bees, which are more generalist. The metabarcoding of pollen loads enabled us to draw a global picture of plant–wild bee interactions in an intensive agroecosystem. Our findings support the hypothesis that a higher diversity of weeds may increase wild bee diversity in intensive agroecosystems.
A Light‐Induced Decarboxylative‐Elimination of Substituted Maleimides as a Strategy Towards Triggered Photorelease
Authors: Malde Roshni , Richards Daniel A. , Salerno Luigia , Zhao Yanbo , Karu Kersti , Chudasama Vijay , Baker James R.
Published: April 2023

Herein we report on photodecarboxylations of various substituted maleimides, resulting in an elimination reaction. Furthermore, we establish facile wavelength tunability through modulation of the maleimide double bond substituents. We envisage that these versatile reagents, which are readily constructed and diversified by nucleophilic substitution reactions on bromomaleimides, will offer new opportunities for triggered photorelease.
The Effect of Ambient Humidity on the Performance of a Wearable Textile Triboelectric Generator
Authors: Repoulias Aristeidis , Ertekin Mustafa , Galata Sotiria F. , Pesez Julien , Anicaux Cyril , Vassiliadis Savvas , Marmarali Arzu
Published: April 2023

Research on the triboelectric phenomenon and its use in so‐called triboelectric generators (TEG) has often led scientists to study the various parameters involved in the production of electricity induced by the contact and friction of textile structures. Although the use of textile materials and structures to build textile‐based TEGs is of particular interest, thanks to the advantages they can offer, however, the parameter of ambient humidity acts intensively on triboelectricity, affecting their electric power outcomes. This study investigates the performance of purely textile‐based materials used in a TEG measuring device which combines vertical and sliding modes as if they are part of a wearable garment. Six single jersey‐knitted textile samples, of identical yarn linear densities, are prepared. One material (para‐aramid) is used as the reference sample and it is paired with the rest (cotton, modal, polyester, wool, and acrylic). Consequently, five material combinations are available for measuring under various relative humidity conditions. Through these test series which reflect how a textile‐based TEG would operate under real conditions when embedded in a garment, the results reveal the big impact of ambient humidity on the triboelectric voltage outcome.
Evaluation of the solidification process in a double‐tube latent heat storage unit equipped with circular fins with optimum fin spacing
Authors: Bahlekeh Abdullah , Mouziraji Hosseinali Ramezani , Togun Hussein , Tiji Abolfazl Ebrahimnataj , Abed Azher M. , Mohammed Hayder I. , Ibrahem Raed Khalid , Alhassan Muataz S. , Talebizadehsardari Pouyan
Published: April 2023

In this study, the effect of fin number and size on the solidification output of a double‐tube container filled with phase change material (PCM) was analyzed numerically. By altering the fins' dimensions, the PCM's heat transfer performance is examined and compared to finless scenarios. To attain optimal performance, multiple inline configurations are explored. In addition, the initial conditions of the heat transfer fluid (HTF), including temperature and Reynolds number, are considered in the analysis. The research results show a significant impact of longer fins with higher numbers on improving the solidification rate of PCM. The solidification rate increases by 67%, 170%, 308%, and 370% for cases with 4, 9, 15, and 19 fins, respectively, all with the same fin length and initial HTF boundary condition. The best case results in a solidification time that is 4.45 times shorter compared to other fin number and dimension scenarios. The study also found that moving from Reynolds numbers 500 to 1000 and 2000 reduced discharging times by 12.9% and 22%, respectively, and increased heat recovery rates by 14.4% and 27.9%. When the HTF entrance temperature was 10°C and 15°C, the coolant temperature showed that the entire discharging time decreased by 37.5% and 23.1% relative to the solidification time when the initial temperature was 20°C. Generally, this work highlights that increasing the length and number of fins enhances thermal efficiency and the phase change process.
Progress on rock thermal energy storage (RTES): A state of the art review
Authors: Amiri Leyla , Ermagan Hamidreza , Kurnia Jundika C. , Hassani Ferri , Sasmito Agus P.
Published: April 2023

Thermal energy is one of the most widely encountered energy forms in our daily life. To ensure efficient utilization and conversion of this energy, the balance between supply and demand needs to be maintained. For this purpose, thermal energy storage is required. There are various thermal energy storage systems available; one of the most basic is sensible thermal energy storage which includes rock thermal energy storage (RTES). This rock‐based energy storage has recently gained significant attention due to its capability to hold large amounts of thermal energy, relatively simple storage mechanism and low cost of storage medium. Accordingly, numerous studies have been conducted to elucidate the basic flow and heat transfer mechanism and to evaluate the performance of this energy storage. The major technical challenges hindering the wide adoption of this technology are the enormous pressure drop across the storage and nonoptimal heat transfer from the heat transfer fluid to the storage medium and vice versa. These issues will directly and indirectly affect the overall cost (capital, operational, and maintenance costs) of the system. To eliminate this issue and assist further development of this technology, it is crucial to compile and extract important findings from these previous studies, identify the challenge and research gap, and draw guidelines for the upcoming research and development. At the moment, this kind of compilation does not exist. Hence, this paper is prepared with the primary objective to comprehensively review the current technology and development of RTES and to propose a potential way forward based on the pain point identified. Discussion on the nontechnical aspect such as policy and regulations as well as community awareness will also be outlined and discussed.
Anti‐sporulation effectiveness of leaf extracts of three Prosopis species on spoiling fungi collected from fresh produce in the Qatari market
Authors: Saleh Iman , Mohammed Nuha , Dalloul Aycha , Abdelnabi Mirna , Abduljabbar Hafsa , Sharif Ebtihal , Abu‐Dieyeh Mohammed
Published: April 2023

Fruit and vegetable post‐harvest infections are mainly caused by mycotoxin producing fungi. Post‐harvest diseases are causing food losses that lead to global economical problems. In this study, fresh samples of fruits and vegetables were collected from the local market for shelf‐life evaluation and identification of spoiling fungal types. Extracts of three locally available Prosopis species leaves were evaluated for their antifungal activity against the sporulation of the isolated fungi. Scanning electron microscopy was also used to evaluate spores and mycelium degenerative changes upon exposure to the leaves extracts. Out of the 156 samples tested, 88.5% showed fungal growth during the 17 days of the experiment. A total of 143 fungi were isolated and were subjected to microscopic identification. The fungal type that was most encountered was Aspergillus (30.1%). The fungal spoilage rate was significantly affected by the type of fresh produce (p ≤ 0.05), while collecting market and country of origin of the samples did not show a significant effect (p ≥ 0.05). Around 69.5% of the evaluated samples had a moderate to short shelf‐life. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the leaves of Prosopis juliflora, Prosopis cineraria and Prosopis farcta showed strong effectiveness against fungal sporulation when percent of germinated spores was calculated with alteration in spores and mycelium shapes under SEM. The most effective extract was the ethanolic leaves extract of P. juliflora. The three evaluated Prosopis spp. extracts showed variation in their effectiveness. A future combination of the most effective crude extracts could be used as a natural bio‐controller to replace commonly used chemical anti‐fungal agents.
Ecosystem services of organic versus inorganic ground cover in peach orchards: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Mudare Shingirai , Li Mengqi , Kanomanyanga Jasper , Lamichhane Jay Ram , Lakshmanan Prakash , Cong Wen‐Feng
Published: April 2023

Several organic (e.g., compost, hay, straw, grass) and inorganic (e.g., plastic film) ground cover (GC) forms are used in peach orchards worldwide. Yet, there is a lack of quantitative studies on peach orchard ecosystem services comprising fruit yields and quality, soil health indicators, and biological pest control. To fill this knowledge gap, we performed a meta‐analysis of 55 peer‐reviewed research. Overall, inorganic GC increased peach yields by 7.7 ± 1.8%, while organic GC reduced it, though not statistically significant (p > 0.05), by 1.7 ± 3%. Both forms of GC have enhanced single fruit mass, with a greater increase in inorganic (4.2 ± 1.7%) than in organic GC (1.2 ± 1.2%), and soluble solids content by 5.9 ± 0.9% and 3.2 ± 0.7%, respectively. Inorganic GC did not significantly affect titratable acid and fruit hardness, while organic GC reduced titratable acid (13.7 ± 2.1%), and fruit hardness (89 ± 2.9%). Soil temperature has increased in orchards with inorganic GC (2.8 ± 2.9%) and reduced with organic GC (8.3 ± 2.4%). Inorganic GC marginally increased soil water storage, while organic GC increased it by 9.3 ± 2.1%. Both organic and inorganic GC increased soil water content by 13.1 ± 2.4% and 26.1 ± 3.4%, respectively. Unlike inorganic GC, organic GC increased soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium by 28.3 ± 3.3%, 25.1 ± 2.7%, 23.5 ± 4.6%, and 30.9 ± 3.3%, respectively. Equally significantly, organic GC increased predator abundance (47.5 ± 5.9%) and reduced pest incidence (2.4 ± 1.8%). Overall, inorganic GC systems slightly increased peach yield but are not sustainable due to their negative soil health and environmental impacts. In contrast, organic GC systems delivered an acceptable yield level while providing numerous ecosystem services, enabling sustainable long‐term peach production.
Betalain extracts: Drying techniques, encapsulation, and application in food industry
Authors: Shofinita Dian , Fawwaz Mifta , Achmadi Amarthya Benigna
Published: April 2023

One of the important food additives used in the food industry is betalain, which is applied as a natural dye. Red beet is the most common resource of betalain. To increase its shelf life, encapsulation followed by drying is commonly carried out. However, betalain is a heat‐sensitive pigment that is susceptible to degradation on thermal exposure. Moreover, drying could affect the color, shape, structure, nutrition, and content of other ingredients in betalain. This review paper provides a discussion of (1) various drying methods such as spray drying, freeze drying, vacuum drying, and their effects on the quality of the dried betalain products; (2) stability and properties of betalain pigment obtained by encapsulation using different carrier agents such as maltodextrin, gum arabic, starch, inulin, and protein; (3) several drying pretreatment and posttreatment processes to improve the recovery and stability of betalain such as extraction and optimum storage conditions. Additionally, a summary and future perspectives for further research are also provided in each section of drying methods.
Dynamic human body models in vehicle safety: An overview
Authors: Fahse N. , Millard M. , Kempter F. , Maier S. , Roller M. , Fehr J.
Published: April 2023

Significant trends in the vehicle industry are autonomous driving, micromobility, electrification and the increased use of shared mobility solutions. These new vehicle automation and mobility classes lead to a larger number of occupant positions, interiors and load directions. As safety systems interact with and protect occupants, it is essential to place the human, with its variability and vulnerability, at the center of the design and operation of these systems. Digital human body models (HBMs) can help meet these requirements and are therefore increasingly being integrated into the development of new vehicle models. This contribution provides an overview of current HBMs and their applications in vehicle safety in different driving modes. The authors briefly introduce the underlying mathematical methods and present a selection of HBMs to the reader. An overview table with guideline values for simulation times, common applications and available variants of the models is provided. To provide insight into the broad application of HBMs, the authors present three case studies in the field of vehicle safety: (i) in‐crash finite element simulations and injuries of riders on a motorcycle; (ii) scenario‐based assessment of the active pre‐crash behavior of occupants with the Madymo multibody HBM; (iii) prediction of human behavior in a take‐over scenario using the EMMA model.