bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying women with gestational diabetes based on maternal characteristics: An analysis of four Norwegian prospective studies
Authors: Sletner Line , Jenum Anne Karen , Øverby Nina Cecilie , Stafne Signe Nilssen , Lekva Tove , Pripp Are Hugo , Sagedal Linda Reme , rai Anam Shakil
Published: April 2021

Background There is still no worldwide agreement on the best diagnostic thresholds to define gestational diabetes (GDM) or the optimal approach for identifying women with GDM. Should all pregnant women perform an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) or can easily available maternal characteristics, such as age, BMI and ethnicity, indicate which women to test? The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of GDM by three diagnostic criteria and the predictive accuracy of commonly used risk factors.Methods We merged data from four Norwegian cohorts (2002–2013), encompassing 2981 women with complete results from a universally offered OGTT. Prevalences were estimated based on the following diagnostic criteria: 1999WHO (fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥ 7.0 or 2-h glucose ≥ 7.8 mmol/L), 2013WHO (FPG ≥ 5.1 or 2-h glucose ≥ 8.5 mmol/L), and 2017Norwegian (FPG ≥ 5.3 or 2-h glucose ≥ 9 mmol/L). Multiple logistic regression models examined associations between GDM and maternal factors. We applied the 2013WHO and 2017Norwegian criteria to evaluate the performance of different thresholds of age and BMI.Results The prevalence of GDM was 10.7%, 16.9% and 10.3%, applying the 1999WHO, 2013WHO, and the 2017Norwegian criteria, respectively, but was higher for women with non-European background when compared to European women (14.5 vs 10.2%, 37.7 vs 13.8% and 27.0 vs 7.8%). While advancing age and elevated BMI increased the risk of GDM, no risk factors, isolated or in combination, could identify more than 80% of women with GDM by the latter two diagnostic criteria, unless at least 70–80% of women were offered an OGTT. Using the 2017Norwegian criteria, the combination “age ≥ 25 years or BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²” achieved the highest sensitivity (96.5%) with an OGTT required for 93% of European women. The predictive accuracy of risk factors for identifying GDM was even lower for non-European women.Conclusions The prevalence of GDM was similar using the 1999WHO and 2017Norwegian criteria, but substantially higher with the 2013WHO criteria, in particular for ethnic non-European women. Using clinical risk factors such as age and BMI is a poor pre-diagnostic screening method, as this approach failed to identify a substantial proportion of women with GDM unless at least 70–80% were tested.
Tanshinone I Exerts Cardiovascular Protective Effects in Vivo and in Vitro Through Inhibiting Necroptosis via Akt/nrf2 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhuo Youqiong , Yuan Renyikun , Chen Xinxin , He Jia , Chen Yangling , Zhang Chenwei , Sun Kaili , Yang Shilin , Liu Zhenjie , Gao Hongwei
Published: April 2021

BackgroundTanshinone I (TI) is a primary component of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen), which confers a favorable role in a variety of pharmacological activities including cardiovascular protection. However, the exact mechanism of the cardiovascular protection activity of TI remains to be illustrated. In this study, the cardiovascular protective effect and its mechanism of TI were investigated.MethodsIn this study, tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-stimulated H9c2 cells model was employed to investigate the protective effect in vitro. The cell viability was determined by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) kit. The reactive-oxygen-species (ROS) level and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were investigated by the flow cytometry and JC-1 assay, respectively. While in vivo experiment, the cardiovascular protective effect of TI was determined by using myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) model including hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining assay and determination of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) release were detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All related protein expression was determined by western blotting.ResultsOur data demonstrated that TI pretreatment attenuated t-BHP- and MI/R injury-induced necroptosis by inhibiting the expression of p-RIP1, p-RIP3, and p-MLKL. TI activated the Akt/Nrf2 pathway to promote the expression of antioxidant-related proteins such as phosphorylation of Akt, nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO-1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in t-BHP-stimulated H9c2 cells. TI relieved oxidative stress by mitigating ROS generation and reversing MMP loss. In vivo experiment, TI made electrocardiograph (ECG) recovery better and lessened the degree of myocardial tissue damage. The counts of white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil (Neu), lymphocyte (Lym), and the release of TNF-α and IL-6 were reversed by TI treatment. SOD level was increased, while MDA level was decreased by TI treatment.ConclusionCollectively, our findings indicated that TI exerted cardiovascular protective activities in vitro and in vivo through suppressing RIP1/RIP3/MLKL and activating Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathways, which could be developed into a cardiovascular protective agent.
The Mechanism by Which LiCl Attenuates the Impaired Ability of Learning and Memory of APP/PS1 Double Transgenic Mice May Involve Elevating the Expression of a7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors via Regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin Pathway
Authors: Jie Xiang , Yan Ran Long , Xiao Zeng Xiao , Wen He Wen , Yi Xu , Kun Cao , Ting Dong Yang , Lan Qi Xiao , Feng Yu Wen , Yan Xiao , Jun He , Guan Zhi-Zhong
Published: April 2021

BackgroundWe examined the mechanism by which lithium chloride (LiCl) attenuates the impaired learning and memory of APP/PS1 double transgenic (APP/PS1) mice. MethodsSix- or twelve-month-old APP/PS1 and wild-type (WT) mice were divided randomly into 4 groups: WT, WT+Li (100 mg LiCl/kg body weight, gavage once daily), APP/PS1 and APP/PS1+Li. Primary rat hippocampal neurons were exposed to β-amyloid peptide oligomers (AβOs), LiCl and/or XAV939 (inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin) or transfected with small interfering RNA against the β-catenin gene. Phosphor-glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) (ser9), total GSK3β, β-catenin, cyclin D1, and α7 nAChR protein and mRNA were quantified by Western blotting or real-time PCR, respectively; senile plaques and α7 protein by immunohistochemical or immunofluorescent staining; Aβ 42 by ELISA; and cell viability by CCK8. Learning and memory were assessed utilizing the Morris water maze test. ResultsIn the brains of APP/PS1 mice, the level of Aβ was increased and those of α7 nAChR, phosphor-GSK3β (ser9), β-catenin, and cyclin D1 (at the protein and/or mRNA level) reduced. Treatment with LiCl for 2 months at 4 or 10 months of age attenuated all of these effects. Similar changes in the levels of these proteins were observed in primary neurons exposed to AβOs and these effects were attenuated by LiCl and aggravated by XAV939. Inhibition of β-catenin expression lowered the level of α7 nAChR protein in these cells. ConclusionLiCl attenuates the impaired ability of learning and memory of APP/PS1 mice via a mechanism that might involve elevation of the level of α7 nAChR as a result of altered Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
Whole blood transfusion improves vascular integrity and increases survival in artemether-treated experimental cerebral malaria
Authors: Gul Saba , Ribeiro-Gomes Flavia L. , Moreira Aline S. , Sanches Guilherme S. , Conceição Fabiana G. , Daniel-Ribeiro Cláudio Tadeu , Ackerman Hans C. , Carvalho Leonardo J. M.
Published: April 2021

Pathological features observed in both human and experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) are endothelial dysfunction and changes in blood components. Blood transfusion has been routinely used in patients with severe malarial anemia and can also benefit comatose and acidotic malaria patients. In present study Plasmodium berghei-infected mice were transfused intraperitoneally with 200 µL of whole blood along with 20 mg/kg of artemether. ECM mice showed severe thrombocytopenia and decreases in hematocrit. Artemether treatment markedly aggravated anemia within 24 hours. Whole blood administration significantly prevented further drop in hematocrit and partially restored the platelet count. Increased levels of plasma angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) remained high 24 hours after artemether treatment but returned to normal levels 24 hours after blood transfusion, indicating reversal to quiescence. Ang-1 was depleted in ECM mice and levels were not restored by any treatment. Blood transfusion prevented the aggravation of the breakdown of blood brain barrier after artemether treatment and decreased spleen congestion without affecting splenic lymphocyte populations. Critically, blood transfusion resulted in markedly improved survival of mice with ECM (75.9% compared to 50.9% receiving artemether only). These findings indicate that whole blood transfusion can be an effective adjuvant therapy for cerebral malaria.
A Cross-Sectional Study of COVID-19-Related Bullying in a Sample of Lebanese Adults: Scale Validation, Correlates, and Mediating Effect of Fear and Anxiety
Authors: Haddad Chadia , Sacre Hala , Malhab Sandrella Bou , Malaeb Diana , Saadeh Danielle , Tayeh Christine Abou , Salameh Pascale
Published: April 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to prolonged exposure to stress and anxiety, raising concerns about a large spectrum of psychological side effects. The primary objective of the study was to validate the COVID-19 Bullying Scale (CBS-11). The second objective was to explore factors associated with COVID-19-related bullying and evaluate the mediating effect of fear and anxiety between knowledge and COVID-19-related bullying.Methods: A cross-sectional online survey conducted between December 20, 2020, and January 5, 2021, involved 405 Lebanese adults recruited using the snowball sampling technique. The CBS-11, an 11-item tool specially created for this study, was used to measure bullying behaviors towards COVID-19 patients.Results: All items of CBS-11 converged over a 1-factor solution with an eigenvalue over 1, accounting for a variance of 75.16%. The scale has a high Cronbach’s alpha (0.974), indicating excellent reliability. A positive correlation was found between the COVID-19 bullying scale and fear, anxiety, and stigma discrimination. The logistic regression showed that higher fear of COVID-19 (ORa=1.04), a positive attitude toward COVID-19 preventive measures and hygiene recommendations (ORa=1.18), higher stigma discrimination scores (ORa=1.09), and having a health professional family member (ORa=2.42) were significantly associated with bullying. Conclusion: Our main findings show that CBS-11 could be an efficient tool to measure bullying behaviors toward COVID-19 patients. Stigma discrimination and fear from COVID-19 were associated with higher bullying attitudes. Future prospective studies are needed to understand better the factors related to bullying among adults during a pandemic, such as COVID-19.
Recurring Severe Injection-related Infections in People Who Inject Drugs and the Need for Safe Injection Sites in Spain
Authors: Valencia Jorge , Troya Jesús , Lazarus Jeffrey V , Cuevas Guillermo , Alvaro-Meca Alejandro , Torres-Macho Juan , Gardeta Carlos , Lozano David , Moreno Santiago , Ryan Pablo
Published: April 2021

Background and aims: An estimated 68,297 people with opioid use disorder engage in opioid agonist therapy (OAT) in Spain. We aimed to calculate the incidence of severe injection-related infections in people who inject drugs (PWID) engaged in OAT in a harm reduction setting without a safe injection site (SCS).Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed in PWID engaged in OAT and in a mobile harm reduction unit to identify who was admitted to a referral hospital for any severe injection-related infections between 1 Jan 2016 and 31 Dec 2019. A Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with any severe injection-related infection.Results: 237 PWID engaged in OAT were included. After a median follow-up of 5.5 months (IQR 1.3–22.7), a total of 104 episodes of severe injection-related infections occurred in 56 individuals, and admission for a second event occurred in 35.7% of this same group. The incidence density of any type of severe injection-related infection was 26.8 (20.2–34.8) episodes per 100 PY, and the incidence density of complicated skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) that required hospital admission was 20.4 (15.0–27.3) episodes per 100 PY. Fifty-six (53.8%) of all the episodes were patient-directed discharge (PDD), and people who had two or more hospital admissions had a higher PDD frequency.Conclusion: Severe injection-related infections remain highly prevalent among PWID cared for in a harm reduction setting without a SCS. PDD were more frequent in higher-risk individuals who presented two or more hospital readmissions.
How Spectral Properties and Machine Learning Can Categorize Twin Species - Based on Diachrysia Genus
Authors: Dyba Krzysztof , Wąsala Roman , Piekarczyk Jan , Gabała Elżbieta , Gawlak Magdalena , Jasiewicz Jarosław , Ratajkiewicz Henryk
Published: April 2021

Confirmation of distinctiveness or taxonomic affinity awaits new evidence in many twin species. In our work we used noninvasive point reflectance spectroscopy in the range from 400 to 2100 nm coupled with machine learning to study scales on the brown and golden iridescent areas on the dorsal side of the forewing of Diachrysia chrysitis and D. stenochrysis. The basis for the study a statistically significant collection of 95 specimens gathered during 23 years in Poland. The numerical part of an experiment included two independent discriminant analyses: stochastic and deterministic. The more sensitive stochastic approach achieved average compliance with the species classification made by entomologists at the level of 99-100%. It demonstrated high stability against the different configurations of training and validation sets, hence strong predictors of Diachrysia siblings distinctiveness. Both methods resulted in the same small set of relevant features, where minimal fully discriminating subsets of wavelengths were three for glass scales on the golden area and four for the brown. The differences between species in scales primarily concern their major components and ultrastructure. In melanin-absent glass scales, this is mainly chitin configuration, while in melanin-present brown scales, melanin reveals as an additional factor.
Application of a Lateral Intertubercular Sulcus Plate in the Treatment of Proximal Humeral Fractures: a Finite Element Analysis and Example in Clinical Practice
Authors: Li Dong , Lv WenXue , Chen WenMing , Meng Jing , Liu Song , Duan ZongKang , Yu Bo
Published: April 2021

Background: Inversion deformities caused by insufficient medial support are especially common when the PHILOS locking plate is used to treat proximal humeral fractures. Using finite element analysis, the present study aimed to compare the biomechanical properties of a PHILOS locking plate (PLP) and a PHILOS plate combined with a lateral intertubercular sulcus plate (PLP-LSP) in the fixation of proximal humeral fractures with loss of the medial column. We also present representative results for a 69-year-old female patient with a comminuted fracture of the proximal right humerus (Neer type four-part fracture) who underwent successful surgical treatment with a PHILOS plate combined with an auxiliary lateral intertubercular sulcus plate. Methods: After creating a three-dimensional finite element model of proximal humeral fracture with loss of the medial column, three implant models were established. A full-screw PHILOS plate (PLP) was used in Group A, while a PHILOS plate lacking medial screw support and an auxiliary plate were used in Group B (MPLP-LSP). A full-screw PHILOS plate and auxiliary plate were used in Group C (PLP-LSP). The three fixation models were applied to the proximal humerus fracture model, following which horizontal, compressive, and rotational loads were applied to the humerus model. We evaluated the structural stiffness and stress distribution of the implant and compared displacement and angle changes among the three models. Results: Displacement and angle changes were smallest in Group C (PLP-LSP). The implant model used in Group C also had the highest structural rigidity, endured less von Misses stress than the other two models , and had the strongest stability. In our clinical case, X-ray and computed tomography images obtained 3 months after the operation indicated that the fracture had healed, with good positioning of internal fixation and good functional recovery.Conclusion: A lateral intertubercular sulcus plate placed at the internodal grove not only aids in anatomical reduction but also provides effective lateral and medial support, thereby reducing stress on the PHILOS plate and providing better stability in patients with proximal humeral fractures.
Magnitude of Long-acting and Permanent Family Planning Practice and Its Factors Among Contraceptive Users: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Wondyfraw Alemu Abebe , Kassaw Nigussie Assefa
Published: April 2021

Background: Poor contraceptive utilization increases the risk of unintended pregnancies that could results in complications and mortalities among women and children. To circumvent these adverse health outcomes, long-acting and permanent contraceptive methods are the most effective methods. This study explored the magnitude and associated factors of long-acting and permanent family planning methods utilization among current family planning users largely on the rural women of Ethiopia. Methods: The study was a facility-based cross-sectional study design. The respondents were randomly selected in Amhara region, Ethiopia. The data were entered into EPI-INFO version 7.0, cleaned, and analyzed in SPSS version 24. Descriptive statistics were done. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify the factors associated with the utilization of long-acting and permanent family planning methods. Results: The total numbers of respondents were 356. The prevalence of long-acting and permanent family planning methods among current family planning users was 32.3%. The mean age of participants was 30.1±7.67 (SD) years. Almost all (94.4%) were Orthodox Christian followers and most of the respondents (91.0%) married. Nearly half of the respondents (45.2%) were illiterate and above half of the respondents (55.3%) were housewives. The odds of long-acting and permanent family planning methods utilization were statistically significant among women aged 25-34 years [AOR=5.10; 95% CI: (1.48, 17.59)], women who completed secondary education [AOR=4.16; 95% CI: (1.32, 13.10)], women who had a positive attitude [AOR=3.05; 95% CI: (1.45, 6.43)], and women satisfied with facility care [AOR=2.08; 95% CI: (1.01, 4.31)]. Common reasons for low use of long-acting and permanent family planning methods were preference for short-acting contraceptives, fear of side effects, and method misconception. Conclusion: The utilization of long-acting and permanent family planning method was low. Factors and common reasons for low utilization of long-acting and permanent family planning methods among women who were current family planning users were identified. Therefore, we suggest the need to provide continuous education and awareness creation towards long-acting and permanent family planning methods. Unequivocally, enabling work environments, staff service deliveries and client service satisfaction are paramount important improve the coverage.
Increased uptake of 68Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 in bones and joints: metastases and beyond
Authors: Qin Chunxia , Song Yangmeihui , Liu Xi , Gai Yongkang , Liu Qingyao , Ruan Weiwei , Liu Fang , Hu Fan , Lan Xiaoli
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To describe the uptake of 68Gallium-labelled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (68Ga-FAPI) in bones and joints for better understanding of the role of 68Ga-FAPI PET in benign and malignant bone lesions and joint diseases. Methods: All 129 68Ga-FAPI PET/MR or PET/CT scans from June 1, 2020 to February 20, 2021 performed at our PET centre were retrospectively reviewed. Foci of elevated 68Ga-FAPI uptake in bones and joints were identified. All lesions were divided into malignant and benign disease. Benign lesions included osteofibrous dysplasia, periodontitis, degenerative bone diseases, arthritis, and other inflammatory or trauma-related abnormalities. The number, locations and SUVmax of all lesions were recorded and analysed. Results: Elevated uptake of 68Ga-FAPI in/around bones and joints were found in 82 cases (63.57%). A total of 295 lesions were identified, including 94 (31.9%) malignant lesions (all were metastases) and 201 (68.1%) benign lesions. The benign lesions consisted of 13 osteofibrous dysplasia, 48 degenerative bone disease, 33 periodontitis, 56 arthritis, and 51 other inflammatory or trauma-related abnormalities. Spine, shoulder joint, alveolar ridge, and pelvis were the most commonly involved locations. Bone metastases were mainly distributed in the spine, pelvis and ribs. Among benign diseases, periodontitis and arthritis are site-specific. The mean SUVmax of bone metastases was significantly higher than that of benign diseases (7.14 ± 4.33 vs. 3.57 ± 1.60, p < 0.0001), but overlap existed. The differences in SUVmax among subgroups of benign diseases were statistically significant (p < 0.0001), with much higher uptake in periodontitis (4.45 ± 1.17). Conclusion: 68Ga-FAPI accumulated in both bone metastases and some benign diseases of bones and joints. Although the uptake of 68Ga-FAPI was often higher in bone metastases, this finding cannot be used to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions.
Melittin Inhibits the Expression of Key Genes Involved in Tumor Microenvironment Formation by Suppressing HIF-1α Signaling in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Hassani Zabih Mir , Nabiuni Mohammad , Parivar Kazem , Abdirad Somayeh , Karimzadeh Latifeh
Published: April 2021

Purpose: HIF-1α has critical roles in formation of Tumor microenvironment by regulating genes involved in angiogenesis and anaerobic respiration. TME fuels tumors growth and metastasis and presents therapy with several challenges. Therefore, we aimed to investigate if Melittin disrupts HIF-1α signaling pathway in breast adenocarcinoma cell line MDA-MB-231.Methods: breast adenocarcinoma cell line MDA-MB-231 was cultured in presence of different doses of Melittin and MTT assay was carried out to measure Melittin’s cytotoxic. Cells were exposed to 5% C2 to mimic hypoxic conditions and Melittin. Western blot was used to measure HIF-1α protein levels. Gene expression analysis was performed using real-time PCR to measure relative mRNA abundance of genes involved in tumor microenvironment formation.Findings: Our results revealed that Melittin effectively inhibits HIF-1α at transcriptional and translation/post-translational level. HIF-1α protein and mRNA level was significantly decreased in Melittin-treated groups. It is found that inhibition of HIF-1α by Melittin is through downregulation of NFκB gene expression. Furthermore, gene expression analysis showed a downregulation in VEGFA and LDHA expression due to inhibition of HIF-1α protein by Melittin. In addition, cell toxicity assay showed that Melittin inhibits the growth of MDA-MB-231 cell line through activation of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways by upregulating TNF and BAX expression. Conclusions: Melittin suppresses the expression of genes responsible for formation of TME physiological hallmarks by suppressing HIF-1α signaling pathway. Our results suggest that Melittin can modulate tumor microenvironment by inhibition of VEGFA and LDHA.
Usefulness of Pre-Thyroidectomy Neutrophil-Lymphocyte, Platelet-Lymphocyte, and Monocyte-Lymphocyte Ratios in Discriminating Lymph Node and Distant Metastases in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Riguetto Cinthia Minatel , Barreto Icléia Siqueira , Maia Frederico Fernandes Ribeiro , Assumpção Ligia Vera Montali da , Zantut-Wittmann Denise Engelbrecht
Published: April 2021

Purpose

This study aims to show the relationship between neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), with clinicopathological characteristics in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).
Methods

This is a retrospective study involving 390 DTC patients who had complete blood cell count available at the time of the surgery. NLR, PLR, and MLR were calculated, risk of cancer-related death, structural recurrence, and response to therapy were assessed by the 8th edition of the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM), American Thyroid Association (ATA) Risk Stratification System, and ATA Response to Therapy Reclassification, respectively.
Results

PLR was higher in distant metastasis (133.15±43.95 vs 119.24±45.69, p = 0.0345), lower in disease-free versus persistent disease or death (117.72±44.70 vs 131.07±47.85, p = 0.0089). In MLR, patients ≥55 had a higher score than < 55 years old (0.26±0.10 vs 0.24±0.12, p = 0.0379). Higher MLR (OR 8.775; 95% CI = 1.532–50.273; p = 0.0147), intermediate (OR 4.892; 95% CI = 2.492–9.605; p ≤ 0.0001) and high ATA risks (OR 5.998; 95% CI = 3.126–11.505; p ≤ 0.0001) were risk factors associated with active disease. NLR was not significant. ROC curve cut-off values for NLR, PLR, and MLR were able to discriminate distant from lymph node metastasis (NLR > 1.93 sensitivity 73.3%, specificity 58.7%; PLR > 124.34 sensitivity 86.7%, specificity 69.2%; MLR > 0.21 sensitivity 80%, specificity 45.2%).
Conclusion

Cut-off values of NLR, PLR, and MLR discriminated the presence of distant metastasis from lymph node metastasis with good sensitivity and accuracy. PLR was an associated factor with disease-free status and higher in DTC patients with distant metastasis, persistency, and disease-related death. MLR was a risk factor of active disease.
The First Report of Erythroderma as the First Manifestation of Myelodysplastic Syndromes that responded to 5-azacytidine
Authors: Wu Danyang , Zhang Rui , Yan Xiaojing , Gao Ran
Published: April 2021

Background: Erythroderma is an uncommon and severe dermatological manifestation of a variety of diseases, and identifying its potential cause is challenging. Additionally, erythroderma is exceedingly rare as the first manifestation of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Case presentation:We report the case of a 67-year-old male patient with MDS that initially presented with erythroderma. The patient was dependent upon steroid treatment to control the erythroderma when he was treated with decitabine. When we converted decitabine to 5-azacytidine, the patient achieved complete remission of both erythroderma and MDS and was relieved of his dependency on the steroid treatment. The patient continued to be steroid-independent 13 months after treatment with 5-azacytidine. Conclusions:This is the first report of erythroderma as the first manifestation of MDS. When screening the potential causes of erythroderma, MDS should be considered in addition to common cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Based on our case report and a review of the published literature, 5-azacytidine appears to be a more effective treatment option for MDS-related autoimmune and inflammatory dermatoses. On the other hand, various cutaneous adverse events can be induced by 5-azacytidine. Since MDS-related autoimmune and inflammatory dermatoses may occur prior to the diagnosis of MDS, concomitantly with it or even during the illness, it is important to distinguish whether the dermatoses is MDS-related or 5-azacitidine-induced.
SARS-CoV-2 viral load predicts the severity and mortality in patients with cancer
Authors: Al-Mozaini Maha , Noman Abu Shadat M , Alotaibi Jawaher , Karim Mohammed Rezaul , Zahed ASM , Karim ATM Rezaul , Alromiah Khaldoun , Islam Syed S
Published: April 2021

Emerging evidence suggests that patients with cancer are at increased risk of detrimental Covid-19 outcome. The relationship between SARS-CoV-2 viral load and risk factors and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 positive cancer patients remains largely unexplored. We assessed the outcomes of Covid-19 infection in 64 cancer patients and 120 non-cancer and measured SARS-CoV-2 viral load from nasopharyngeal swab samples using cycle threshold (Ct) values who were admitted to two geographically distinct hospitals. We also assessed the incubation period and serial interval time differences between the non-cancer and cancer groups. Our results indicated that the overall mortality rate was higher among cancer patients with a high SARS-CoV-2 viral load. Covid-19 positive cancer patients with higher viral load are more prone to severe outcomes compared to non-cancer and low viral load patients. In addition, patients with lung and hematologic cancer have higher tendencies of severe events in proportion to high viral load. Higher attributable mortality and severity were directly proportional to high viral load particularly patients who are receiving anticancer treatment. Importantly, we found that the incubation period and serial interval time is fairly shorter in cancer patients compared with non-cancer cases. Our report suggests that high SARS-CoV-2 viral loads may play significant role in the overall mortality and severity of Covid-19 positive cancer patients and warranted further study to explore the disease pathogenesis and their use as prognostic tools.
On the parameters of the assessment of substances to reduce the flammability of wood boards
Authors: Леонович А.А. , Глазунова М.Г.
Published: April 2021

Решается методическая задача быстрого и малозатратного выбора антипренов для огнезащиты древесных плит. Лущеный шпон пропитывали фосфорсодержащими соединениями на основе ОЭДФК (двухосновная кислота) и амидофосфата КМ (трехосновная кислота) с расходом менее необходимого для огнезащиты. Образцы 800×56 мм испытывали на приборе «полукруг» в условиях угнетаемого горения в силу возрастающего теплоотвода по мере прохождения кромки горения по полукругу радиусом 254 мм. Анализируются параметры результатов испытания для оценки эффективности антипиренов. Сделан вывод о пригодности метода для первоначальной оценки антипиренов и выбора для окончательного и сертифицированного испытания на пожароопасность.

The methodological problem of fast and low-cost selection of antiprenes for fire protection of wood-based panels is being solved. Peeled veneer was impregnated with phosphorus-containing compounds based on HEDPA (diacid) and amidophosphate KM (tribasic acid) at a rate less than required for fire protection. Specimens 800 × 56 mm were tested on a semicircle device under conditions of suppressed combustion due to the increasing heat removal as the combustion edge passed along a semicircle with a radius of 254 mm. The parameters of the test results are analyzed to assess the effectiveness of fire retardants. It is concluded that the method is suitable for the initial assessment of fire retardants and selection for the final and certified fire hazard test.
Comprehensive treatment of tuberculous spondylitis with short course pre-operative anti-tuberculosis therapy
Authors: Golkа G. G. , Vesnin V. V. , Burlаkа V. V. , Fаdeev O. G. , Oleynik A. A.
Published: April 2021

The objective: to increase the effectiveness of treatment of patients with tuberculous spondylitis by using short course pre-operative anti-tuberculosis therapy.

Subjects and methods. Experimental and clinical studies have been performed. The experiment was carried out on 40 guinea pigs by making a model of tuberculous spondylitis in 30 of them. In the clinic, the effectiveness of short course pre-operative anti-tuberculosis therapy with second line drugs, radical decompression plastic interventions using a sliding titanium cage was studied in 30 patients with tuberculous spondylitis versus 30 patients in whom classical methods of preparation and surgical intervention were used.

Results. The created model of experimental tuberculous spondylitis made it possible to study parameters of the clinical and morphological course of the disease. The results obtained substantiated the effectiveness of short course pre-operative anti-tuberculosis therapy without the risk of generalization of the disease after radical surgery.

The method of surgical treatment of tuberculous spondylitis used in patients and utilizing telescopic titanium cages against the background of short course pre-operative anti-tuberculosis therapy, taking into account the drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and therapy continuation after surgery, significantly improved the frequency of excellent treatment results (up to 54.0% versus 32%). At the same time, the period of preparation for radical surgery was significantly reduced, the frequency of complications went down to 13.3% versus 33.3%, the period of in-patient treatment decreased to 96 ± 12 bed-days versus 190 ± 21 (p < 0.01), and the chances of social rehabilitation of operated patients improved.
Investment activity of pharmaceutical enterprises: intermediate results for 2020
Authors:   Remedium, Romanova Svetlana
Published: April 2021

The investment activities of pharmaceutical enterprises were analysed using the data from the state statistical reporting form No. P-2 “Information on investments to non-financial assets” (quarterly).
Stick-slip vibration in water-lubricated bearing-shaft system simulated in persistent homology-based machine learning model
Authors: Zhang Shengdong , Yang Xiuying , Jin Yong
Published: April 2021

Stick-slip vibration images of water-lubricated rubber stern bearing are collected by using machine vision technology. Then these images are analyzed by the methods of persistent homology-based machine learning (PHML). During this analysis, the corresponding barcode is obtained by calculating the homology of the simplicial complex of the vibration images, and the topological characteristics of the vibration images are obtained based on the barcode images, then the support vector machine (SVM) learning is used to study the topological features, and finally the classification and identification of the stick-slip vibration of water-lubricated rubber stern tube bearing are completed. The results have shown that the length of the longest 1D Betti number is closely related to vibration value. Based on these data, it is possible to use the warning beep effectively, create an intelligent description of the beep process, and provide a new idea for simulating stick-slip vibration in the stern bearing.
Valve closure based on pump runaway characteristics in long distance pressurized systems
Authors: Wang Xingtao , Zhang Jian , Chen Sheng , Shi Lin , Zhao Wenlong , Wang Shan
Published: April 2021

In order to guarantee the safety of pumps, valves are installed at the outlet of each pump in long-distance pressurized water supply systems. However, water hammer pressure caused by improper valve closure can tremendously exceed the standard of the pipeline. In this paper, the effects of valve closure on speed of pump and pressure along the pipeline were investigated. Valve closure formula based on pump runaway characteristics were proposed and verified using numerical simulation. In addition, when valves were closed under the formula proposed in this paper and other closure laws, the minimum speed, minimum and maximum pressure along the pipeline were compared. The results showed that formulas agree well with the numerical results. In the high lift supply systems, compared with the other closure laws, the minimum speed and minimum pressure along the pipeline under valve closure formula were the largest, and the maximum pressure along the pipeline was the smallest. Moreover, in the low lift supply systems, the minimum speed under valve closure formula did not exceed the rated speed. Compared with the other closure laws, the minimum pressure along the pipeline was the largest and the maximum pressure along the pipeline was the smallest.
Virulence associated factors in bacteria from water bodies in Belém, Pará, Brazil: bacteriological composition and threat to public health
Authors: da Trindade Lucas Monteiro , Correa Filho Luiz Claudio Gomes , de Sousa Santos Denise Suellen Amorim , Sousa Nayara Rufino , Vale Elivam Rodrigues , da Cruz Rocha Daniela Cristiane , de Sá Morais Lena Líllian Canto
Published: April 2021

A lack of sewage treatment contaminates water bodies threatening human health by spreading waterborne gastroenteritis. This is a particular problem for developing countries, where the risks associated with surface water contamination remain largely unknown. To understand the risk associated with sewage contamination of water bodies, we evaluated the microbiological indicators of water quality and isolated bacterial strains from water bodies from the city of Belém, Pará, Brazil. The strains were identified by biochemical and serological tests and polymerase chain reactions (PCRs). The thermotolerant coliforms and Escherichia coli presented values above 1,000 (NMP/100 mL) biweekly from August 2012 to November 2015, without a significant statistical difference between sampling periods (Kruskal–Wallis p > 0.05). The water of the Tucunduba river presented contamination levels similar to those in a sewage pumping station (Dunn test p > 0.05). From 240 bacterial isolates, we identified 163 Vibrio cholerae, 8 Vibrio mimicus, 24 E. coli, and 5 Salmonella spp. The isolates of V. cholerae demonstrated N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) profile (Non-O1 and Non-O139) and 18 expressed the stn/sto gene. No E. coli was shown to be potentially pathogenic. The results revealed that water bodies in Belém were constantly contaminated by sewage and fecal microorganisms, including the potential circulation of pathogens in viable and cultivable form.
Apresentação Dossier IV Consórcio Mestral e Doutoral da Rede de Gestão da Informação e do Conhecimento (Rede GIC)
Authors: Carvalho Andrea Vasconcelos
Published: April 2021

É com grande alegria que apresento esta edição especial da Revista Informação na Sociedade Contemporânea dedicada à publicação de trabalhos inicialmente expostos no IV Consórcio Mestral e Doutoral da Rede de Gestão da Informação e do Conhecimento (Rede GIC). Esse evento que tive a oportunidade de coordenar concomitantemente com o II Seminário Nacional de Gestão da Informação e do Conhecimento (II SNGIC) e com a II Reunião dos Grupos de Pesquisa da Rede GIC foi realizado no formato on-line no período de 2 a 4 de setembro de 2020. Nesses dias, reuniram-se professores, estudantes de graduação e de pós-graduação e profissionais interessados na Gestão da Informação e do Conhecimento, a partir da perspectiva da Ciência da Informação e de áreas afins
The first experience of using MEK inhibitors for type 1 neurofibromatosis in children in the Russian Federation in a hospital for short-term treatment at the National Medical Research Center
Authors: Ershov N. M. , Pshonkin A. V. , Mareeva Yu. M. , Yasko L. A. , Kurnikova M. V. , Evstratov D. A. , Gobadze D. A. , Papusha L. A. , Ovsyannikova G. S. , Rumyantsev A. G.
Published: April 2021

Neurofibromatosis is a genetic disorder that affects the bones, soft tissues, skin, and the nervous system. Neurofibromatosis has been described in 1882, however, there is still no specific treatment for this disease and no treatment protocols for the most frequent and life-threatening complications such as non-malignant tumors deriving from the cells of the peripheral nerve sheaths. Progress in molecular genetic study discovered the underlying genetic alteration in this tumor. This knowledge provides the base for clinical trials with new drugs. MEK-inhibitors are acting on the RAS-MAPK signaling pathway and have shown their efficacy in decreasing the size of inoperable tumors in children with type 1 neurofibromatosis (NF1). Although, this therapy does not completely reduce the tumor volume, it can significantly improve the quality of life. This article presents a clinical case of the trametinib efficacy in a child suffering from NF1-associated plexiform neurofibromas.
Synchronous multiple primary tumors (neuroblastoma and parathyroid adenoma) in a child: case report and literature review
Authors: Ivanova S. V. , Kuleva S. A. , Mikhailova E. A. , Senchurov E. M. , Khabarova R. I. , Borokshinova K. M. , Tyatkov S. A. , Gridasov V. V.
Published: April 2021

The article presents a clinical case of simultaneous multiple primary tumors (the left adrenal neuroblastoma and the right lower parathyroid adenoma) in the child 11 years old.

The literature describes several cases of primarily multiple tumors, one of which was neurogenic, requiring an individual approach to treatment. The relationship between the occurrence of polyneoplasia and genetic mutations is discussed.
Liposomes: An Emerging Approach for the Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Mishra Keerti , Jain Akhlesh K.
Published: April 2021

Background:

Conventional drug delivery agents for a life-threatening disease, i.e., cancer, lack specificity
towards cancer cells, producing a greater degree of side effects in the normal cells with a poor therapeutic
index. These toxic side effects often limit dose escalation of anti-cancer drugs, leading to incomplete tumor suppression/
cancer eradication, early disease relapse, and ultimately, the development of drug resistance. Accordingly,
targeting the tumor vasculatures is essential for the treatment of cancer.

Objective:

To search and describe a safer drug delivery carrier for the treatment of cancer with reduced systemic
toxicities.

Methods:

Data were collected from Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct using the following keywords:
‘liposomes’, ‘nanocarriers’, ‘targeted drug delivery’, ‘ligands’, ‘liposome for anti-cancerous drugs’,
‘treatment for cancer’ and ‘receptor targeting.’

Results:

Liposomes have provided a safe platform for the targeted delivery of encapsulated anti-cancer drugs
for the treatment of cancer, which results in the reduction of the cytotoxic side effects of anti-cancer drugs on
normal cells.

Conclusion:

Liposomal targeting is a better emerging approach as an advanced drug delivery carrier with targeting
ligands for anti-cancer agents.
Therapeutic Potential of Resveratrol in the Treatment of Glioma: Insights into its Regulatory Mechanisms
Authors: Dadgostar Ehsan , Fallah Maryam , Izadfar Fatemeh , Heidari-Soureshjani Reza , Aschner Michael , Tamtaji Omid Reza , Mirzaei Hamed
Published: April 2021

Glioma is a prevalent primary tumor of the brain and spinal cord. Several biological pathways
play an important role in the pathogenesis of glioma, including apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle
arrest, migration, and invasion. The low efficacy of chemotherapy and radiation therapy has forced
researchers to evaluate alternative treatments for glioma. In this regard, flavonoids have been studied.
Resveratrol is a flavonoid with distinct pharmacological activities that has been used in the treatment
of various diseases. Several recent studies have also focused on its therapeutic efficacy against glioma.
Resveratrol exerts its pharmacological attributes by regulating various molecular and cellular
pathways. Here, we review contemporary knowledge in support of the use of resveratrol in the treatment
of glioma and its effects on various molecular and cellular mechanisms.
CD31+ Circulating Angiogenic Cell Number and Subtypes are Reduced in Individuals with Chronic Stroke
Authors: Landers-Ramos Rian Q. , Kim Katherine I. , Hickey Brent , Ivey Frederick M. , Hafer-Macko Charlene E. , Macko Richard F. , Ryan Alice S. , Prior Steven J.
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose:

Reduced number and function of CD31+ circulating angiogenic
cells (CACs) may explain vascular complications associated with the chronic phase stroke.
The purpose of this study was to quantify CD31+ CAC paracrine function, total number and number
of various subtypes of CD31+ CACs in individuals with chronic stroke compared with controls.

Methods:

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from chronic stroke participants and
controls. CD31+ cells were quantified by flow cytometry, as was co-expression of CD31 in combination
with CD14, CD3, CD11b, or CD34. Immunomagnetically selected CD31+ cells were cultured,
and conditioned medium was used in a capillary-like network assay.

Results:

Significantly lower levels of CD31+ CACs were found in stroke participants compared
with controls (-24%; P=0.04). Additionally, CD31+/CD14+, CD31+/CD11b+ and CD31+/CD3+
cells were significantly lower in the chronic stroke group compared with controls (-45%, P=0.02;
-47%, P=0.02 and -32%, P=0.03, respectively). There was no group effect on CD31+ CAC conditioned
media-mediated capillary-like network formation.

Conclusion:

CD31+ CACs and subtypes may serve as potential therapeutic targets in chronic
stroke recovery.
Atypical Manifestations of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Benou Sofia , Ladhani Shamez , Dimitriou Gabriel , Gkentzi Despoina
Published: April 2021

Background:

In December 2019, a local outbreak of pneumonia was presented in
Wuhan (China) and quickly identified to be caused by a novel coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory
Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 was named
COVID-19 and was soon declared a pandemic because of the millions of infections and thousands
of deaths worldwide. Children infected with SARS-CoV-2 usually develop the asymptomatic or
mild type of disease compared to adults. They are also more likely to have atypical and non-specific
clinical manifestations than adults.

Methods:

A literature search was performed through PubMed and Scopus to summarize the extrapulmonary
manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children since the beginning of the pandemic.
Peer-reviewed papers in English were retrieved using the following keywords and combinations:
‘pediatric,’ ‘child,’ ‘infant,’ ‘neonate,’ ‘novel coronavirus,’ ‘SARS-CoV-2,’ ‘COVID 19’
and ‘gastrointestinal,’ ‘renal,’ ‘cardiac,’ ‘dermatologic’ or ‘ophthalmologic’. We included published
case series and case reports providing clinical symptoms and signs in SARS-CoV2 pediatric
patients.

Results:

Although fever and symptoms of upper respiratory infection are the most frequently presented,
a variety of other atypical presentations has also been reported. The clinical spectrum includes
dermatological, ophthalmological, neurological, cardiovascular, renal, reproductive, and gastrointestinal
presentations. In addition, a rare multi-inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS--
CoV-2 infection has been reported in children, often leading to shock and requiring inotropic support
and mechanical ventilation.

Conclusions:

Clinicians need to be aware of the wider range of extrapulmonary atypical manifestations
of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children, so that appropriate testing, treatment, and public health
measures can be implemented rapidly.