bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An efficient, localised approach for the simulation of elastic blood vessels using the lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: McCullough J. W. S. , Coveney P. V.
Published: December 2021

Many numerical studies of blood flow impose a rigid wall assumption due to the simplicity of its implementation compared to a full coupling with a solid mechanics model. In this paper, we present a localised method for incorporating the effects of elastic walls into blood flow simulations using the lattice Boltzmann method implemented by the open-source code HemeLB. We demonstrate that our approach is able to more accurately capture the flow behaviour expected in elastic walled vessels than ones with rigid walls. Furthermore, we show that this can be achieved with no loss of computational performance and remains strongly scalable on high performance computers. We finally illustrate that our approach captures the same trends in wall shear stress distribution as those observed in studies using a rigorous coupling between fluid dynamics and solid mechanics models to solve flow in personalised vascular geometries. These results demonstrate that our model can be used to efficiently and effectively represent flows in elastic blood vessels.
Copper oxalate formation by lichens and fungi
Authors: Frank-Kamenetskaya Olga V. , Zelenskaya Marina S. , Izatulina Alina R. , Vereshchagin Oleg S. , Vlasov Dmitry Yu. , Himelbrant Dmitry E. , Pankin Dmitrii V.
Published: December 2021

The present work focuses on the revealing the patterns of copper oxalates formation under the influence of lichens and fungi by combination of the results of field studies and model experiments. These findings create the scientific basis for the potential microbial technology applications (ore enrichment, monuments conservation, environment bioremediation, etc.). Copper oxalate moolooite Cu(C2O4)·H2O was discovered in saxicolous lichenLecidea inopson the weathered chalcopyrite ore of Voronov Bor deposit (Central Karelia, Russia). Bioinspired syntheses of moolooite and wheatleyite Na2Cu(C2O4)22H2O with the participation of the microscopic fungiAspergillus niger(active producer of oxalic acid) were carried out on weathered Cu-ore from the Voronov Bor deposit. It was shown that morphology of moolooite crystals is controlled both by the underlying rock and by the species composition of microorganisms. Iron ions (sourced from the underlying rock) in the crystallization medium inhibits the moolooite formation. The observed intensive dissolution of moolooite crystals are well explained by washing effect of the intratalline solutions which depends on repeatedly dehydration / rehydration cycles in the lichens. Joint interpretation of original and published data shows that moolooite along with other cooper oxalates are biominerals.
Increased burst coding in deep layers of the ventral anterior cingulate cortex during neuropathic pain
Authors: Kasanetz Fernando , Nevian Thomas
Published: December 2021

Neuropathic pain induces changes in neuronal excitability and synaptic connectivity in deep layers of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) that play a central role in the sensory, emotional and affective consequences of the disease. However, how this impacts ACC in vivo activity is not completely understood. Using a mouse model, we found that neuropathic pain caused an increase in ACC in vivo activity, as measured by the indirect activity marker c-Fos and juxtacellular electrophysiological recordings. The enhanced firing rate of ACC neurons in lesioned animals was based on a change in the firing pattern towards bursting activity. Despite the proportion of ACC neurons recruited by noxious stimuli was unchanged during neuropathic pain, responses to noxious stimuli were characterized by increased bursting. Thus, this change in coding pattern may have important implications for the processing of nociceptive information in the ACC and could be of great interest to guide the search for new treatment strategies for chronic pain.
Comprehensive analysis of the ceRNA network in coronary artery disease
Authors: Bian Weikang , Jiang Xiao-Xin , Wang Zhicheng , Zhu Yan-Rong , Zhang Hongsong , Li Xiaobo , Liu Zhizhong , Xiong Jing , Zhang Dai-Min
Published: December 2021

With the rapid aging of the population, coronary artery disease (CAD) has become one of the most fatal chronic diseases. However, the genetic mechanism of CAD is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to construct the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network for CAD diseases and systematically identify differentially expressed genes in patients with coronary heart disease. In this study, two lncRNA datasets (GSE69587 and GSE113079) and a microRNA dataset (GSE105449) which contained 393 and 38 CAD samples were selected. In addition, two mRNA datasets which named GSE113079 (98 CAD samples) and GSE9820 (8 CAD samples) were selected to search the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). By comparing the expression data between CAD and control samples, a total of 1111 lncRNAs, 2595 mRNAs and 22 miRNAs were identified. Based on the DEGs, a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network was constructed to explore the hub nodes in CAD. In the ceRNA network, the lncRNAs KCNQ1OT1 and H19 showed high connectivity with the nine miRNAs. GO and KEGG results showed that genes in ceRNA networks were mainly involved in nitrogen compound metabolic process, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and retrograde endocannabinoid signaling. These findings will improve the understanding of the occurrence and development mechanism of CAD.
A novel ex vivo model for critical illness neuromyopathy using freshly resected human colon smooth muscle
Authors: Patejdl Robert , Klawitter Felix , Walter Uwe , Zanaty Karim , Schwandner Frank , Sellmann Tina , Porath Katrin , Ehler Johannes
Published: December 2021

Patients suffering from critical illness are at risk to develop critical illness neuromyopathy (CINM). The underlying pathophysiology is complex and controversial. A central question is whether soluble serum factors are involved in the pathogenesis of CINM. In this study, smooth muscle preparations obtained from the colon of patients undergoing elective surgery were used to investigate the effects of serum from critically ill patients. At the time of blood draw, CINM was assessed by clinical rating and electrophysiology. Muscle strips were incubated with serum of healthy controls or patients in organ baths and isometric force was measured. Fifteen samples from healthy controls and 98 from patients were studied. Ratios of responses to electric field stimulation (EFS) before and after incubation were 118% for serum from controls and 51% and 62% with serum from critically ill patients obtained at day 3 and 10 of critical illness, respectively (p = 0.003, One-Way-ANOVA). Responses to carbachol and high-K+ were equal between these groups. Ratios of post/pre-EFS responses correlated with less severe CINM. These results support the existence of pathogenic, i.e. neurotoxic factors in the serum of critically ill patients. Using human colon smooth muscle as a bioassay may facilitate their future molecular identification.
Spatiotemporal distribution of human brucellosis in Inner Mongolia, China, in 2010–2015, and influencing factors
Authors: Liang Danyan , Liu Dan , Yang Min , Wang Xuemei , Li Yunpeng , Guo Weidong , Du Maolin , Wang Wenrui , Xue Mingming , Wu Jing , Cui Buyun , Yin Shaohua , Wang Ruiqi , Li Shiyuan
Published: December 2021

Human brucellosis is caused by Brucella species and remains a major burden in both human and domesticated animal populations, especially in Inner Mongolia, China. The aims of this study were to analyze the spatiotemporal trends in human brucellosis in Inner Mongolia during 2010 to 2015, to explore the factors affecting the incidence of brucellosis. The results showed that the annual incidence was 29.68–77.67 per 100,000, and peaked from March to June. The majority of human brucellosis was male farmers and herdsmen, aged 40–59 years. The high-risk areas were mainly Xilin Gol League and Hulunbeier City. The incidence of human brucellosis in Inner Mongolia decreased during 2010 to 2015, although the middle and eastern regions were still high-risk areas. The regions with larger number of sheep and cattle, lower GDP per capita, less number of hospital beds, higher wind speed, lower mean temperature more likely to become high-risk areas of human brucellosis.
Extractable quantum work from a two-mode Gaussian state in a noisy channel
Authors: Cuzminschi Marina , Zubarev Alexei , Isar Aurelian
Published: December 2021

We study a Szilard engine based on a Gaussian state of a system consisting of two bosonic modes placed in a noisy channel. As the initial state of the system is taken an entangled squeezed thermal state, and the quantum work is extracted by performing a measurement on one of the two modes. We use the Markovian Kossakowski-Lindblad master equation for describing the time evolution of the open system and the quantum work definition based on the second order Rényi entropy to simulate the engine. We also study the information-work efficiency of the Szilard engine as a function of the system parameters. The efficiency is defined as the ratio of the extractable work averaged over the measurement angle and the erasure work, which is proportional to the information stored in the system. We show that the extractable quantum work increases with the temperature of the reservoir and the squeezing between the modes, average numbers of thermal photons and frequencies of the modes. The work increases also with the strength of the measurement, attaining the maximal values in the case of a heterodyne detection. The extractable work is decreasing by increasing the squeezing parameter of the noisy channel and it oscillates with the phase of the squeezed thermal reservoir. The efficiency mostly has a similar behavior with the extractable quantum work evolution. However information-work efficiency decreases with temperature, while the quantity of the extractable work increases.
Reconfigurable single-material Peltier effect using magnetic-phase junctions
Authors: Nakagawa Kurea , Yokouchi Tomoyuki , Shiomi Yuki
Published: December 2021

Peltier effects, which produce a heat flux at the junction of two different materials, have been an important technology for heating and cooling by electrical means. Whereas Peltier devices have advantages such as cleanliness, silence, compactness, flexibility, reliability, and efficiency, relatively complicated modular structures are unavoidable, leading to a higher cost than that of commonly used refrigeration technology. Here, we provide a concept of a Peltier device composed of a single magnetic material exhibiting a first-order magnetic transition. Our concept is based on a controllable junction structure consisting of two magnetic phases with opposite Peltier coefficients instead of a semiconductor junction. Using $${\mathrm{Mn}}_{1.96}{\mathrm{Cr}}_{0.04}\mathrm{Sb}$$

Mn

1.96

Cr

0.04

Sb

samples with the first-order magnetic transition between ferrimagnetic (FI) and antiferromagnetic (AF) states, we successfully made a stable junction structure of AF/FI/AF by a pulse heating method and achieved a maximum Peltier coefficient of 0.58 mV. Our device concept was further verified by a numerical simulation based on a finite element method. The single-material Peltier effect reported here avoids a complex device design involving material junctions and is importantly reconfigurable.
Prognostic impact of polypharmacy by drug essentiality in patients on hemodialysis
Authors: Kitamura Mineaki , Yamaguchi Kosei , Ota Yuki , Notomi Satoko , Komine Maya , Etoh Rika , Harada Takashi , Funakoshi Satoshi , Mukae Hiroshi , Nishino Tomoya
Published: December 2021

Although polypharmacy is common among patients on hemodialysis (HD), its association with prognosis remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the association between the number of prescribed medicines and all-cause mortality in patients on HD, accounting for essential medicines (i.e., antihypertensives, antidiabetic medicines, and statins) and non-essential medicines. We evaluated 339 patients who underwent maintenance HD at Nagasaki Renal Center between July 2011 and June 2012 and followed up until June 2021. After adjusting for patient characteristics, the number of regularly prescribed medicines (10.0 ± 4.0) was not correlated with prognosis (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.97–1.05, p = 0.60). However, the number of non-essential medicines (7.9 ± 3.6) was correlated with prognosis (HR: 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.10, p = 0.009). Adjusting for patient characteristics, patients who were prescribed more than 10 non-essential medicines were found to have a significantly higher probability of mortality than those prescribed less than five non-essential medicines, with a relative risk of 2.01 (p = 0.004). In conclusion, polypharmacy of non-essential medicines increases the risk of all-cause mortality in patients on HD. As such, prescribing essential medicines should be prioritized, and the clinical relevance of each medicine should be reviewed by physicians and pharmacists.
A new circulating accumulation emission model for assessing dust emission from open pit mine
Authors: Tang Wanjun , Li Fengming
Published: December 2021

To reduce the inaccuracy of using the monitoring data outside the pit to evaluate the unorganized emission dust source of open pit mine, the circulating accumulation emission model is established. Based on the model, the monitoring data in the pit can be converted into the dust emission from the pit. The main conclusions include: (1) the circulating accumulation emission model is suitable for the dust diffusion process in open pit mine. The ratio of diffusion $$\mu$$
μ
and the ratio of surplus $$\varepsilon$$
ε
were used to simulate the dust diffusion process in open pit mine, containing emission, retention and diffusion. (2) The initial value of the dust in the pit before the team operation has little influence on the final stable value. (3) When the external dust enters the pit, it will accumulate under the action of eddy current. The dust background value in the pit is different from that outside the pit. (4) The dust emission from the pit can be calculated from the monitoring data in the pit based on the circulating accumulation emission model. The model can deal with environmental changes such as the wind direction and speed, without arranging a lot of external monitoring equipment like the traditional external monitoring methods.
Commercial microbiota test revealed differences in the composition of intestinal microorganisms between children with autism spectrum disorders and neurotypical peers
Authors: Jendraszak Magdalena , Gałęcka Mirosława , Kotwicka Małgorzata , Regdos Aleksandra , Pazgrat-Patan Michalina , Andrusiewicz Mirosław
Published: December 2021

The early-life modifications of intestinal microbiota may impact children's subsequent emotional and cognitive development. Studies show that some bacteria species in gut microbiota, and the lack of others, may play a key role in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) development. Fecal samples were obtained from three groups of children: 16 healthy, 24 with allergies (ALG), and 33 with ASD (probiotics and non-probiotics users). The analysis was carried out according to the KyberKompakt Pro protocol. We observed a significantly higher level of Klebsiella spp. in the healthy children from the non-probiotics group, considering three groups. In the same group, Bifidobacterium spp. the level was lower in ASD compared to neurotypical individuals. In healthy children who did not use probiotics, strong positive correlations were observed in E. coli and Enterococcus spp. and Bacteroides and Klebsiella spp., and a negative correlation for Akkermansia muciniphila with both Klebsiella spp. and Bacteroides spp. In the ASD group who take probiotics, a strongly negative correlation was observed in Lactobacillus spp., and both Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Akkermansia muciniphila levels. In the ALG group, the strongest, negative correlation was found between Enterococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. as in Akkermansia muciniphila and Bifidobacterium spp. The simple commercial test revealed minor differences in the composition of intestinal microorganisms between children with autism spectrum disorders and neurotypical peers.
Synergistic effects of crop residue and microbial inoculant on soil properties and soil disease resistance in a Chinese Mollisol
Authors: Liu Haolang , Qi Yuqi , Wang Jihong , Jiang Yan , Geng Mingxin
Published: December 2021

The soil-borne disease caused by Fusarium graminearum seriously affects the corn quality. Straw can greatly improve soil quality, but the effect is limited by its nature and environmental factors. This study explored the impact of straw-JF-1(biocontrol bacteria) combination on soil environment and soil disease resistance. The results showed that the combined treatment increased the proportion of soil large and small macro-aggregates by 22.50 and 3.84%, with soil organic carbon (SOC) content by 16.18 and 16.95%, respectively. Compared to treatment with returning straw to the field alone, the straw-JF-1 combination increased the soil content of humic acid, fulvic acid, and humin by 14.06, 5.50, and 4.37%, respectively. Moreover, A metagenomics showed that returning straw to the field alone increased the abundance of disease-causing fungi (Fusarium and Plectosphaerella), however, the straw-JF-1 combination significantly suppressed this phenomenon as well as improved the abundance of probiotic microorganisms such as Sphingomonas, Mortierella, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas. Functional analysis indicated that the combination of straw and JF-1 improved some bacterial functions, including inorganic ion transport and metabolism, post-translational modification/protein turnover/chaperones and function unknown, fungal functions associated with plant and animal pathogens were effectively inhibited. Pot experiments showed that the straw-JF-1 combination effectively inhibited the Fusarium graminearum induced damage to maize seedlings. Therefore, the combination of straw and JF-1 could be a practical method for soil management.
Clinical response to nivolumab in an INI1-deficient pediatric chordoma correlates with immunogenic recognition of brachyury
Authors: Williamson Laura M. , Rive Craig M. , Di Francesco Daniela , Titmuss Emma , Chun Hye-Jung E. , Brown Scott D. , Milne Katy , Pleasance Erin , Lee Anna F. , Yip Stephen , Rosenbaum Daniel G. , Hasselblatt Martin , Johann Pascal D. , Kool Marcel , Harvey Melissa , Dix David , Renouf Daniel J. , Holt Robert A. , Nelson Brad H. , Hirst Martin , Jones Steven J. M. , Laskin Janessa , Rassekh Shahrad R. , Deyell Rebecca J. , Marra Marco A.
Published: December 2021

Poorly differentiated chordoma (PDC) is a recently recognized subtype of chordoma characterized by expression of the embryonic transcription factor, brachyury, and loss of INI1. PDC primarily affects children and is associated with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Here we describe the molecular and immune tumour microenvironment profiles of two paediatric PDCs produced using whole-genome, transcriptome and whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) and multiplex immunohistochemistry. Our analyses revealed the presence of tumour-associated immune cells, including CD8+ T cells, and expression of the immune checkpoint protein, PD-L1, in both patient samples. Molecular profiling provided the rationale for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, which resulted in a clinical and radiographic response. A dominant T cell receptor (TCR) clone specific for a brachyury peptide–MHC complex was identified from bulk RNA sequencing, suggesting that targeting of the brachyury tumour antigen by tumour-associated T cells may underlie this clinical response to ICI. Correlative analysis with rhabdoid tumours, another INI1-deficient paediatric malignancy, suggests that a subset of tumours may share common immune phenotypes, indicating the potential for a therapeutically targetable subgroup of challenging paediatric cancers.
Smartphone-based digital phenotyping for dry eye toward P4 medicine: a crowdsourced cross-sectional study
Authors: Inomata Takenori , Nakamura Masahiro , Sung Jaemyoung , Midorikawa-Inomata Akie , Iwagami Masao , Fujio Kenta , Akasaki Yasutsugu , Okumura Yuichi , Fujimoto Keiichi , Eguchi Atsuko , Miura Maria , Nagino Ken , Shokirova Hurramhon , Zhu Jun , Kuwahara Mizu , Hirosawa Kunihiko , Dana Reza , Murakami Akira
Published: December 2021

Multidimensional integrative data analysis of digital phenotyping is crucial for elucidating the pathologies of multifactorial and heterogeneous diseases, such as the dry eye (DE). This crowdsourced cross-sectional study explored a novel smartphone-based digital phenotyping strategy to stratify and visualize the heterogenous DE symptoms into distinct subgroups. Multidimensional integrative data were collected from 3,593 participants between November 2016 and September 2019. Dimension reduction via Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection stratified the collected data into seven clusters of symptomatic DE. Symptom profiles and risk factors in each cluster were identified by hierarchical heatmaps and multivariate logistic regressions. Stratified DE subgroups were visualized by chord diagrams, co-occurrence networks, and Circos plot analyses to improve interpretability. Maximum blink interval was reduced in clusters 1, 2, and 5 compared to non-symptomatic DE. Clusters 1 and 5 had severe DE symptoms. A data-driven multidimensional analysis with digital phenotyping may establish predictive, preventive, personalized, and participatory medicine.
Broadening the reach of the FDA Sentinel system: A roadmap for integrating electronic health record data in a causal analysis framework
Authors: Desai Rishi J. , Matheny Michael E. , Johnson Kevin , Marsolo Keith , Curtis Lesley H. , Nelson Jennifer C. , Heagerty Patrick J. , Maro Judith , Brown Jeffery , Toh Sengwee , Nguyen Michael , Ball Robert , Dal Pan Gerald , Wang Shirley V. , Gagne Joshua J. , Schneeweiss Sebastian
Published: December 2021

The Sentinel System is a major component of the United States Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) approach to active medical product safety surveillance. While Sentinel has historically relied on large quantities of health insurance claims data, leveraging longitudinal electronic health records (EHRs) that contain more detailed clinical information, as structured and unstructured features, may address some of the current gaps in capabilities. We identify key challenges when using EHR data to investigate medical product safety in a scalable and accelerated way, outline potential solutions, and describe the Sentinel Innovation Center’s initiatives to put solutions into practice by expanding and strengthening the existing system with a query-ready, large-scale data infrastructure of linked EHR and claims data. We describe our initiatives in four strategic priority areas: (1) data infrastructure, (2) feature engineering, (3) causal inference, and (4) detection analytics, with the goal of incorporating emerging data science innovations to maximize the utility of EHR data for medical product safety surveillance.
White matter disconnectivity fingerprints causally linked to dissociated forms of alexia
Authors: Ng Sam , Moritz-Gasser Sylvie , Lemaitre Anne-Laure , Duffau Hugues , Herbet Guillaume
Published: December 2021

For over 150 years, the study of patients with acquired alexia has fueled research aimed at disentangling the neural system critical for reading. An unreached goal, however, relates to the determination of the fiber pathways that root the different visual and linguistic processes needed for accurate word reading. In a unique series of neurosurgical patients with a tumor close to the visual word form area, we combine direct electrostimulation and population-based streamline tractography to map the disconnectivity fingerprints characterizing dissociated forms of alexia. Comprehensive analyses of disconnectivity matrices establish similarities and dissimilarities in the disconnection patterns associated with pure, phonological and lexical-semantic alexia. While disconnections of the inferior longitudinal and posterior arcuate fasciculi are common to all alexia subtypes, disconnections of the long arcuate and vertical occipital fasciculi are specific to phonological and pure alexia, respectively. These findings provide a strong anatomical background for cognitive and neurocomputational models of reading.
Observation of higher-order exceptional points in a non-local acoustic metagrating
Authors: Fang Xinsheng , Gerard Nikhil J R K , Zhou Zhiling , Ding Hua , Wang Nengyin , Jia Bin , Deng Yuanchen , Wang Xu , Jing Yun , Li Yong
Published: December 2021

Higher-order exceptional points have attracted increased attention in recent years due to their enhanced sensitivity and distinct topological features. Here, we show that non-local acoustic metagratings enabling precise and simultaneous control over their multiple orders of diffraction can serve as a robust platform for investigating higher-order exceptional points in free space. The proposed metagratings, not only could advance the fundamental research of arbitrary order exceptional points, but could also empower unconventional free-space wave manipulation for applications related to sensing and extremely asymmetrical wave control.
Fishing in the city for food—a paradigmatic case of sustainability in urban blue space
Authors: Joosse Sofie , Hensle Lara , Boonstra Wiebren J. , Ponzelar Charlotte , Olsson Jens
Published: December 2021

This article presents fishing in the city for food (FCF) as a trenchant example of urban ecology, and the ways in which urban dwellers use, interact with, and depend on urban blue spaces. Our literature review demonstrates how FCF is studied in a diverse body of scientific publications that rarely draw on each other. As such, FCF and its relevance for sustainable and just planning of urban blue space remain relatively unknown. Using the literature review, a survey of FCF in European capitals, and examples from FCF in Stockholm, we demonstrate how attention to FCF raises pertinent and interrelated questions about access to water, food and recreation; human health; animal welfare and aquatic urban biodiversity.
Ba2B5O8(OH)2(NO3)·3H2O: the design of an alkaline earth metal borate-nitrate optimized from a hydroxylic borate
Authors: Hu Huaiyu , Huang Junben , Guo Zhiyong , Zhang Min , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie
Published: December 2021

The first alkaline earth borate-nitrate, namely Ba2B5O8(OH)2(NO3)·3H2O, has been synthesized, and is generated from Ba2B5O8(OH)2OH. This work is an essential reference to predict and synthesize new borate-nitrates.
The INNpinJeR: a new wall-free reactor for studying gas-phase reactions
Authors: Scholz Wiebke , Mentler Bernhard , Fischer Lukas , Berndt Torsten , Hansel Armin
Published: December 2021

The Innsbruck wall free impinging jets reactor (INNpinJeR) is characterized by quantifying oxidation products of the well-understood ozonolysis reactions of tetramethyl ethylene and cyclohexene with an ammonium chemical ionization mass spectrometer.
Towards autonomous high-throughput multiscale modelling of battery interfaces
Authors: Deng Zeyu , Kumar Vipin , Bölle Felix T. , Caro Fernando , Franco Alejandro A. , Castelli Ivano E. , Canepa Pieremanuele , Seh Zhi Wei
Published: December 2021

Understanding of interfaces in rechargeable batteries is crucial because they bridge electrodes, electrolytes, and current collectors. Current challenges that need to be overcome are reviewed, followed by future directions to reach this goal.
Effect of hydrocolloids on physicochemical properties, stability, and digestibility of Pickering emulsions stabilized by nanofibrillated cellulose
Authors: Tangsrianugul Nuttinee , Winuprasith Thunnalin , Suphantharika Manop , Wongkongkatep Jirarut
Published: December 2021

This study investigated the effect of anionic xanthan gum, cationic chitosan, and non-ionic guar gum on physicochemical properties, stability, and digestibility of the oil-in-water Pickering emulsions stabilized by nanofibrillated cellulose.
Correction: Estimating the cooperativity of PROTAC-induced ternary complexes using 19F NMR displacement assay
Authors: de Castro Guilherme Vieira , Ciulli Alessio
Published: December 2021

Correction for ‘Estimating the cooperativity of PROTAC-induced ternary complexes using 19F NMR displacement assay’ by Guilherme Vieira de Castro et al., RSC Med. Chem., 2021, 12, 1765–1770, DOI: 10.1039/D1MD00215E.
Oxidative [4 + 2] annulation of 1-naphthols with alkynes accelerated by an electron-deficient rhodium(iii) catalysts
Authors: Araujo Dias Antônio Junio , Takahashi Hiroto , Nogami Juntaro , Nagashima Yuki , Tanaka Ken
Published: December 2021

The CpE Rh(iii) complex enabled the catalytic oxidative annulation of 1-naphthols with internal alkynes under mild conditions. This catalyst lowers the activation energies for the concerted metalation-deprotonation and the reductive elimination.
Putting the RAFT in GRAFT: intermolecular graft exchange between bottlebrush polymers using reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer
Authors: Häkkinen Satu , Dyer Billy , Kerr Andrew , Perrier Sébastien
Published: December 2021

A versatile synthetic methodology is presented for the preparation of graft copolymers with mixed graft distributions using reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerisation.
Direct oxidation of N-ynylsulfonamides into N-sulfonyloxoacetamides with DMSO as a nucleophilic oxidant
Authors: Dong Jun , Fu Duo , Sheng Dongning , Wang Jiayi , Xu Jiaxi
Published: December 2021

Microwave-assisted direct oxidation of N-arylethynylsulfonamides with DMSO as a nucleophilic oxidant and solvent affords N-sulfonyl-2-aryloxoacetamides without any other additional electrophilic activators or oxidants.
Conjugation with gold nanoparticles improves the stability of the KT2 peptide and maintains its anticancer properties
Authors: Maraming Pornsuda , Daduang Jureerut , Kah James Chen Yong
Published: December 2021

One of the major weaknesses of therapeutic peptides is their sensitivity to degradation by proteolytic enzymes in vivo.
Metal- and oxidant-free electrochemically promoted oxidative coupling of amines
Authors: Liu Gang , Liu Sen , Li Zhen , Chen Hengyu , Li Jiashuai , Zhang Yalin , Shen Guodong , Yang Bingchuan , Hu Xiude , Huang Xianqiang
Published: December 2021

This paper presents a metal-free and external oxidant-free electrochemical method for the oxidative coupling methodology of amines in moderate to satisfactory yields.
Preparation and thermal cross-linking mechanism of co-polyester fiber with flame retardancy and anti-dripping by in situ polymerization
Authors: Zhu Keyu , Jiang Zhenlin , Xu Xiaotong , Zhang Yun , Zhu Min , Wang Jianghua , Ren Alex
Published: December 2021

Scheme of proposed thermal cross-linking mechanism.
Synthetic strategy and structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies of 3-(5′-hydroxymethyl-2′-furyl)-1-benzyl indazole (YC-1, Lificiguat): a review
Authors: Yu Ko-Hua , Hung Hsin-Yi
Published: December 2021

Since 1994, YC-1 (Lificiguat) has been synthesized, and many targets for special bioactivities have been explored, such as stimulation of platelet-soluble guanylate cyclase, indirect elevation of platelet cGMP levels, and inhibition of HIF-1 and NF-κB.
Corrosion behavior and mechanism of X80 steel in silty soil under the combined effect of salt and temperature
Authors: Bai Xiangling , He Bin , Han Pengju , Xie Ruizhen , Sun Funan , Chen Zhiwei , Wang Yuting , Liu Xinyu
Published: December 2021

The combined effect of salt and temperature on the corrosion behavior of X80 steel in silty soil was studied by microscopic and spectroscopic characterization techniques and electrochemical measurements.
A perfect match between borophene and aluminium in the AlB3 heterostructure with covalent Al–B bonds, multiple Dirac points and a high Fermi velocity
Authors: Jiao Yalong , Ma Fengxian , Zhang Xiaolei , Heine Thomas
Published: December 2021

By performing a swarm-intelligent global structure search combined with first-principles calculations, a stable 2D AlB3 heterostructure with directed, covalent Al–B bonds forms due to a nearly perfect lattice match between 2D borophene and the Al(111) surface.
Metal-free allylic C–H nitrogenation, oxygenation, and carbonation of alkenes by thianthrenation
Authors: Liu Ming-Shang , Du Hai-Wu , Shu Wei
Published: December 2021

Diverse functionalizations of allylic C–H bonds of alkenes by thianthrenation have been demonstrated, featuring Z-selectivity to afford multi-alkyl substituted allylic esters, thioesters, ethers, amines, amides and arenes under metal-free conditions.
Enhanced electrocatalytic activity of in situ carbon encapsulated molybdenum phosphide derived from a hybrid POM for the HER over a wide pH range
Authors: Jebaslinhepzybai Balasingh Thangadurai , Samaraj Elavarasan , Kesavan Thangaian , Sasidharan Manickam , Selvi J. Arockia
Published: December 2021

Hybrid polyoxometalate derived in situ carbon encapsulated molybdenum phosphide (HPOM-MoP/C) exhibits excellent HER activity in a wide pH range.
Current progress of metal sulfides derived from metal–organic frameworks for advanced electrocatalysis: potential electrocatalysts with diverse applications
Authors: Liu Xuan , Li Yanqiang , Cao Zhenyu , Yin Zehao , Ma Tingli , Chen Siru
Published: December 2021

The recent progress of metal–organic frameworks derived transitional metal sulfides are summarized based on the applications of TMSs including hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, overall water splitting and Zn–air batteries.
Outcomes of Telepractice Speech Therapy for an Adult Who Covertly Stutters: A Case Study
Authors: McGill Megann , Schroth Patrizha
Published: December 2021

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to report on telepractice-based holistic speech-language therapy services to reduce avoidance of stuttering and increase positive self-image as a communicator for an adult who covertly stutters as compared with baseline.

Method:

A single case study design was employed with baseline, intervention, and maintenance phases completed via telepractice. The participant received biweekly speech-language pathology services, including both individual and group sessions. The Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering–Adult and Stuttering Severity Instrument–Fourth Edition assessed the participant's overt and covert stuttering behaviors at pretreatment and posttreatment time frames. Weekly data points of participant's self-report of avoidance of stuttering during therapy sessions and during the week between therapy sessions as well as researcher-calculated frequency of stuttering were measured. Visual inspection was utilized to analyze treatment outcomes.

Results:

The participant demonstrated a reduction in avoidance of stuttering within sessions as well as the week prior to a session, as compared with baseline. Additionally, the participant presented with an increased percent of words stuttered following into maintenance as compared with baseline. Visual inspection of weekly data points of frequency of stuttering and self-report of avoidance appeared to present promising results throughout the intervention phase with potential treatment effects continuing into the maintenance phase.

Conclusion:

Results of this study demonstrate preliminary evidence for potential positive outcomes of holistic speech therapy via telepractice for people who covertly stutter.
Velocity dispersion and dynamical masses for 388 galaxy clusters and groups
Authors: Aguado-Barahona A. , Rubiño-Martín J. A. , Ferragamo A. , Barrena R. , Streblyanska A. , Tramonte D.
Published: December 2021

The second catalogue ofPlanckSunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) sources, hereafter PSZ2, represents the largest galaxy cluster sample selected by means of their SZ signature in a full-sky survey. Using telescopes at the Canary Island observatories, we conducted the long-term observational program 128- MULTIPLE-16/15B (hereafter LP15), a large and complete optical follow-up campaign of all the unidentified PSZ2 sources in the northern sky, with declinations above −15° and no correspondence in the firstPlanckcatalogue PSZ1. This paper is the third and last in the series of LP15 results, after Streblyanska et al. (2019, A&A, 628, A13) and Aguado-Barahona et al. (2019, A&A, 631, A148), and presents all the spectroscopic observations of the full program. We complement these LP15 spectroscopic results with Sloan Digital Sky Survey archival data and other observations from a previous program (ITP13-08), and present a catalogue of 388 clusters and groups of galaxies including estimates of their velocity dispersion. The majority of them (356) are optical counterparts of PSZ2 sources. A subset of 297 of those clusters are used to construct theMSZ − Mdynscaling relation based on the estimated SZ mass fromPlanckmeasurements and our dynamical mass estimates. We discuss and correct for different statistical and physical biases in the estimation of the masses, such as the Eddington bias when estimatingMSZand the aperture and the number of galaxies used to calculateMdyn. The SZ-to-dynamical mass ratio for those 297 PSZ2 clusters is (1 − B) = 0.80 ± 0.04 (stat) ± 0.05 (sys), with only marginal evidence for a possible mass dependence for this factor. Our value is consistent with previous results in the literature, but is associated with a significantly smaller uncertainty due to the use of the largest sample size for this type of study.
Effects of rumble strip parameters on acoustics, vibration, and perception
Authors: Kasess Christian H. , Maly Thomas , Majdak Piotr , Waubke Holger
Published: December 2021

Rumble strips aim to alert the driver of dangerous situations via acoustic and tactile stimulation. They can, however, also lead to increased noise in the surroundings. Strip parameters and the vehicle type determines the size of these acoustic and vibratory effects. In our work, 16 rumble strip types (including strips with irregular spacing) were evaluated with respect to their effects on acoustics, vibration, and perception. Interior and exterior emissions caused by controlled pass-overs of a car and a truck were recorded. Annoyance, urgency, and reaction time of 16 listeners were tested in a laboratory experiment and models mapping acoustics to perception were developed. Steering wheel and seat vibrations were acquired. Our results show a high correlation of interior and exterior noise. The loudness level was the best predictor of perceived annoyance and urgency. Irregular spacing reduced the tonality at the cost of a difficult production process. While a large variety of strip types produced a sufficient acoustic effect in the passenger car, the acoustic response was lower in the truck. Combined with the low vibration levels found in the truck, an identification of an optimal strip type for both vehicle types turns out to be difficult.
Wound-healing activity of immobilized postbiotics from Bacillus subtilis exometabolites
Authors: Shokatayeva Dina , Savitskaya Irina , Kistaubayeva Aida
Published: December 2021

The biological activity of postbiotic from Bacillus subtilis exometabolites was determined due to protein content - 0.541±13.4 mg/ml, the level of proteases - 7.8±0.3 U/ml and the presence of antimicrobial substances. A biocomposite material was developed by co-aggregation of bacterial cellulose, chitosan and Bacillus exometabolites. Modified BC gel film possesses high antagonistic activity against causative agents of wound infections: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis. The use of the obtained material in treatment of wounds on laboratory animals reduces healing time by an average of 20%. The developed bioactive wound dressings is intended for local application in order to optimize the wound healing process.
Microalgae is an unclaimed bioenergy resource in Russia
Authors: Kozhevnikov Yuri , Knyazeva Inna , Vershinina Oksana
Published: December 2021

There were considered the technological and biological aspects of the perspective of microalgae as a biological resource of alternative energy. An overview analysis of the current state of the art from the point of view of assessing the use of microalgae as a renewable raw material of high productivity for producing third-generation biofuels is presented. In recent decades, research in the field of technologies for the production of biomass of microalgae for energy purposes has focused mainly on the search for strains with a high oil content. In particular, it was found that the lipid content of some strains of algae can be increased to 65% by dry weight under conditions of reduced availability of nitrogen-containing nutrients. One of the directions in research is the use of a photobioreactor for accelerated cultivation of the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris Bin.
Analysis of the total toxicity of some technogenically disturbed soils using bioassays
Authors: Anh Van Ta Thi , Klyueva Violetta , Degtyareva Kristina
Published: December 2021

In laboratory conditions, the analysis of the total toxicity of some technogenically disturbed soils of the Belgorod region was carried out using bioassays: Daphnia magna Straus, green algae Scenedesmus quadricauda (Tiger) and Lepidium sativum L. As a result of the experiments, the degree of toxicity of the tested soils was established. The conducted studies confirm the high information content when using three bioassays for the analysis of total soil toxicity.
Technological properties of cultivated Pleurotus ostreatus mushrooms and their influence on the choice of culinary processing methods
Authors: Myachikova Nina
Published: December 2021

Pleurotus Ostreatus mushrooms are used as raw materials for public catering establishments. Features of the technological properties of this mushrooms affect the composition of operations and their parameters during mechanical processing and the choice of methods and features of thermal processing. Taking into account the peculiarities of the growth of this mushrooms and their morphological structure, a scheme of mechanical processing is presented. The duration and weight loss were determined for various methods of heat treatment. It was found that the weight loss during heat treatment decreases with an increase in the dry matter content. There is an inverse relationship between the content of bound water and the loss of mass: with an increase in the proportion of bound water, the mass loss during heat treatment decreases. It means that the weight loss during heat treatment of mushrooms is due to the loss of free water. Therefore when assessing the quality of raw materials at the stage of incoming control, it is necessary to control the content of dry matter in mushrooms, and take this indicator into account when developing formulations and establishing technological parameters, namely, losses during heat treatment.
The evaluation of the grape polyphenoles nootropic activity in resveratrol and in the food concentrate “Enoant”
Authors: Tribrat Natalia , Knizhnik Yulia , Khusainov Denis , Tribrat Alexander , Dzjeldubaeva Elviza , Akishina Lyubov , Chornobay Svitlana
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the comparison of the nootropic activity of the grape polyphenoles in resveratrol and in the food concentrate “Enoant” at doses 20 mg/kg, using the Barnes maze in animals. It was found out that resveratrol and the food concentrate “Enoant” demonstrate the positive nootropic effect in the Barnes maze, which is expressed by the changes in the time spent on searching for a burrow and the number of incorrect definitions of the true burrow.
Reception of textiles with antibacterial properties by stilbene dye usage
Authors: Efanov Sergey , Kudryavtseva Tatyana , Atrepieva Larisa , Klimova Lyudmila , Kometiani Ilona , Oleynikova Irina
Published: December 2021

The possibility of imparting an antibacterial effect to cellulose tissue dyed with the product of azo coupling of diazotized 4,4’-diaminostilbene-2,2’-disulfonic acid with 8-hydroxyquinoline has been shown. It was found that fabrics dyed by fixing the dye with a silver salt have a significant antibacterial effect, which lasts at least 10 washings.
Correspondence analysis method of anti-slide pile information monitoring and slice model
Authors: Wang Wanqi
Published: December 2021

In order to effectively grasp the real-time working status of anti-slip piles and the reinforcement effect of slopes, timely information monitoring of anti-slip piles is carried out, and the reinforcement range is modeled, and the analysis and evaluation method of slicing model numerical calculation and information monitoring data is proposed, and the information monitoring data is compared with numerical simulation to achieve effective grasp of By comparing the information monitoring data with the numerical simulation, we can effectively grasp the timely working condition of the anti-slip pile and the reinforcement effect of the soil around the pile. This is a very important engineering practice for the evaluation of anti-slip pile reinforced slope areas.
Development of a new multi-purpose wrench based on a lathe
Authors: Wang Peng , Wang Yang , Yu Haotong , Cheng Na , Hao Honghua , Yan Zhou
Published: December 2021

In lathe operation, the most frequently used wrenches are chuck wrenches and tool holder wrenches, which are different in structure and function and cannot be replaced, and forgetting to remove the wrenches will cause safety accidents. To solve the above problems, this paper designs a new type of wrench, which integrates the functions of chuck wrench, tool holder wrench and various screwdrivers, and can easily change the form of wrench by certain operation, which improves the production efficiency and eliminates the safety hazards.
Stresses and deformations of an eccentric cylindrical cam during hydro-joining
Authors: Wang Kelin , Zhang Wei , Dou Yihua , Wang Xiaozeng , Cao Yinping
Published: December 2021

The stresses and deformations of an eccentric cylindrical cam during the process of hydro-joining have been calculated in orthogonal curvilinear coordinates according to the mechanical model of the cam and governing equations in terms of appropriate complex potentials with suitable boundary conditions. The radial and shearing stress coefficients determined for an example cam are far less than that of the tangential stress during hydro-joining. The tangential stress coefficient of the outer surface of the cam is greater than that of the internal surface when the polar angle exceeds a particular value. The position of the maximum value of the radial stress coefficient is located on the internal surface of the cam, and the maximum shear stress coefficient is located between the inside and outside surfaces of the cam. The cam deformations on the internal and external surfaces under internal pressure respectively attain maximum values at particular angles. The maximum values of the radial and y-directional deformations are located at the position of the minimum wall thickness. The radial deformations determined for an example cam are far larger that the tangential deformations during hydro-joining. The errors between the theoretical and numerical solutions for the tangential stress and the y-directional deformation are both very small.
Les vésicules extracellulaires
Authors: Leroux Élodie , Perbet Romain , Buée Luc , Colin Morvane
Published: December 2021

Les vésicules extracellulaires (VE) sont libérées par une grande variété de cellules et contiennent des protéines, des ARN et des lipides, qui sont ainsi échangés entre ces cellules. Elles représentent donc un mode de communication intercellulaire majeur aussi bien en conditions physiologiques que pathologiques. C’est notamment le cas dans le système nerveux (SN) où les neurones et les cellules gliales forment un réseau très dense et où des milliards de connexions s’établissent. Cette revue fournit un aperçu des différents rôles joués par les VE dans un cerveau sain lors du renforcement des réseaux par exemple, mais également dans un cerveau malade où les VE participent, entre autres, à la progression des maladies neurodégénératives et tumorales.