bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A numerical study to investigate the roles of former Hurricane Leslie, orography and evaporative cooling in the 2018 Aude heavy-precipitation event
Authors: Mandement Marc , Caumont Olivier
Published: August 2021

Abstract. In south-eastern France, the Mediterranean coast is regularly affected by heavy-precipitation events. On 14–15 October 2018, in the Aude department, a back-building quasi-stationary mesoscale convective system produced up to about 300 mm of rain in 11 h. At synoptic scale, the former Hurricane Leslie was involved in the formation of a Mediterranean surface low that channelled conditionally unstable air towards the coast. At mesoscale, convective cells focused west of a decaying cold front that became quasi-stationary and downwind of the terrain. To investigate the roles of the moisture provided by Leslie, orography and evaporative cooling among the physical processes that led to the location and intensity of the observed rainfall, numerical simulations are run at 1 km and 500 m horizontal grid spacing and evaluated with independent near-surface analyses including novel crowd-sourced observations of personal weather stations. Simulations show that, in a first part of the event, low-level conditionally unstable air parcels found inside strong updraughts mainly originated from areas east of the Balearic Islands, over the Mediterranean Sea, whereas in a second part, an increasing number originated from Leslie's remnants. Air masses from areas east of the Balearic Islands appeared as the first supplier of moisture over the entire event. Still, Leslie contributed to substantially moistening mid-levels over the Aude department, diminishing evaporation processes. Thus, the evaporative cooling over the Aude department did not play any substantial role in the stationarity of the quasi-stationary front. Regarding lifting mechanisms, the advection of conditionally unstable air by a low-level jet towards the quasi-stationary front, confined to altitudes below 2 km, reactivated convection along and downwind of the front. Most of the air parcels found inside strong updraughts near the location of the maximum rainfall were lifted above the quasi-stationary front. Downwind of the Albera Massif, mountains bordering the Mediterranean Sea, cells formed by orographic lifting were maintained by low-level leeward convergence, mountain lee waves and a favourable directional wind shear; when terrain is flattened, rainfall is substantially reduced. The location of the exceptional precipitation was primarily driven by the location of the quasi-stationary front and secondarily by the location of convective bands downwind of orography.
THE IMAGE OF THE LEADER AS A FACTOR OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE ORGANIZATION
Authors: Krasnikova V.A.
Published: August 2021

The article deals with the concept of the image of leader, the importance of its formation in modern conditions and the impact of the organization’s performance. The main qualities of a leader that affect his image are presented. The structure of the image of leader is based on these qualities.
A Combined Hot and Hypoxic Environment during Maximal Cycling Sprints Reduced Muscle Oxygen Saturation: A Pilot Study
Authors: Yamaguchi Keiichi , Imai Tomohiro , Yatsutani Haruka , Goto Kazushige
Published: August 2021

The present study investigated the effects of a combined hot and hypoxic environment on muscle oxygenation during repeated 15-s maximal cycling sprints. In a single-blind, cross-over study, nine trained sprinters performed three 15-s maximal cycling sprints interspersed with 7-min passive recovery in normoxic (NOR; 23℃, 50%, FiO2 20.9%), normobaric hypoxic (HYP; 23℃, FiO2 14.5%), and hot normobaric hypoxic (HH; 35℃, FiO2 14.5%) environments. Relative humidity was set to 50% in all trials. The vastus lateralis muscle oxygenation was evaluated during exercise using near-infrared spectroscopy. The oxygen uptake (VO2) and arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) were also monitored. There was no significant difference in peak or mean power output among the three conditions. The reduction in tissue saturation index was significantly greater in the HH (-17.0 ± 2.7%) than in the HYP (-10.4 ± 2.8%) condition during the second sprint (p < 0.05). The average VO2 and SpO2 were significantly lower in the HYP (VO2 = 980 ± 52 mL/min, SpO2 = 82.9 ± 0.8%) and HH (VO2 = 965 ± 42 mL/min, SpO2 = 83.2 ± 1.2%) than in the NOR (VO2 = 1149 ± 40 mL/min, SpO2 = 90.6 ± 1.4%; p < 0.05) condition. In conclusion, muscle oxygen saturation was reduced to a greater extent in the HH than in the HYP condition during the second bout of three 15-s maximal cycling sprints, despite the equivalent hypoxic stress between HH and HYP.
Empathy Approach as Solution for Brand during Pandemic COVID-19
Authors: Leksono Fitorio , Sunjaya Melissa
Published: August 2021

The massive spread of Covid-19 not only brought disaster for Indonesian Indonesian from health perspectives, but also in economy amid the implementation of physical and social distancing that forced many people to stay at home. The economy impact was so huge that forced many companies to cut down their workforce and even some of them choose to closed down the business. Tulisan as a brand that produce wearable artworks products also hampered by this economic crisis. This publication studies the effectiveness of empathy study in order to help business like Tulisan in order to survive the pandemic Covid-19. The outcome of this research will serve as the evidence on the significance of Empathy Study of Design Thinking method for business, especially during time of crises like Pandemic Covid-19.
How Does the Age Structure Affect Local Economies in the US?
Authors: Zhang Xiaochen
Published: August 2021

This study examines the impacts of population aging on a wide range of economic indicators from a regional perspective. Many countries, including the United States, are experiencing demographic aging. This may have a dramatic impact on both the national and sub-national economies. However, there is little consensus about its impact on local sub-national economies. This study uses regional variation in age structure to explain economic outcomes at the metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) level. In order to identify causal effects, Mahalanobis distances were calculated to identify the matched cities as instrumental variables. The study finds that regions with older age structures tend to have higher growth rates of GDP per capita and lower growth rates of unemployment, but such positive effects are likely to fade away in the long run. Additionally, there is no significant impact of age composition on income. The choice of variables is critical as it can lead to mixed results. The results are robust before, during and after the economic recession. Quantile regression is also used to explore potential heterogeneous effects among MSAs. The results show that MSAs, regardless of their size, are uniformly affected by the age structure.
How Many Members of the Creative Class Should a City Seek to Attract?
Authors: Batabyal Amitrajeet A.
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we focus on the decision problem faced by a city authority (CA) who seeks to attract members of the creative class to her city by providing a local public good (LPG). We construct a stylized model of this interaction and shed light on three questions. First, we determine the optimal number of creative class members to attract when the CA maximizes the utility of each member who chooses to reside in the city. Second, assuming the CA provides the LPG optimally given the total number of resident members, we compute the loss borne by this CA from having a suboptimal number of members living in the city. Finally, we ascertain what number of members living in the city maximizes the total utility obtained by the CA and then compare this answer with our answer to the first question stated above.
Working with sport psychologists
Authors: Higham Alistair , Blackwood Julie
Published: August 2021

In this joint article, Alistair Higham examines the benefits and challenges for coaches of working with sport psychologists and introduces how he worked with Sport Psychologist Julie Blackwood in the lead up to the World University Games in South Korea last year, where GB won a Gold and a Silver medal. Julie then recounts her work in more detail to offer further insight into some of the ways in which coaches can work effectively with sport psychologists.
Effects of lower limb position on ball speed in tennis ground strokes
Authors: Cabral Vitor
Published: August 2021

According to Schoenborn (2002) groundstrokes are 62% of all tennis strokes in competition. The forehand is considered the main “weapon” in modern tennis, along with the serve, and 74% of top 100 male players use a two handed backhand. This percentage rises to 92% in women. The forehand drive is of great importance in the male professional tennis and it is considered the most important stroke after the serve (Reid, Elliot, & Crespo, 2013).
IRON AND CALCIUM CONTENT OF EDIBLE PLANTS IN NON CONVENTIONAL FAMILY SOLANACEAE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: MARANGON Cristiane , RIZZATTI Ivanise Maria , SOUZA Juliane Marques de , SANTANA Jordânia Gabriela Aires , SCHVEITZRT Bianca
Published: August 2021

This study compares the amount of calcium and iron present in three species of Solanaceae, they are: Solanum paniculatum L., Solanum sessiflorum D. and Physalis angulata L., all considered unconventional food plants (PANC's) because they are unexplored by the general population. The three species were collected in riverine communities of the Lower Branco river, Roraima, and had its nutritional content compared with plants that are commonly used in the daily diet as well as the amount of daily nutrients recommended by ANVISA (National Agency of Sanitary Surveillance). As a result it was found that the nutritional content of these minerals is within what is recommended by the agency and figure as an alternative to nutritional replacement of riparian, once they usually have difficult to access conventional foods.
SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT SINGLE FAMILY
Authors: RAIZER NETO Ernesto , PRADO Júlio Dias do , MARCELINO Marlon Leal , VIEIRA Glicia Gabriela
Published: August 2021

Currently there is great concern about the lack of drinking water in the world, today Brazil has already suffered the consequences by waste and improper disposal of waste, suffering already with several forced rationing. Improper disposal of sewage is the main cause of soil pollution, groundwater, surface water sources and water courses in Santa Catarina. Among the existing municipalities in the state, only 8% are met with services by the sewage system, while the national average is 19%. More efficient existing sewage treatment systems are extremely large, with this in order to solve the problems with the incorrect disposal of sewage, as well as an efficient and cost-effective treatment, a small health treatment plant was designed, to meet families of up to 4 residents with similar price to the notch filter system, but more efficiently, allowing direct discharge into storm beds, even the reuse of water for irrigation systems. The prototype was installed on 10.8.2014, and performed all tests ordered by law to date. The results were encouraging, given both technical and financial.
COMPUTACIONAL STUDY OF THE ELECTRONIC EFFECTS IN ROTATIONAL BARRIER OF THE N-ARILCARBAMATOS N-CO BOND
Authors: GRASEL Fábio dos Santos , FONTOURA Luiz Antonio Mazzini
Published: August 2021

Amides are the subject of many particularly important studies, as their properties are of interest to different areas, spanning from biochemistry to material sciences because this functional group is present, for instance, in both natural and artificial polymers such as proteins and polyamides. Amides and their derivatives show, frequently, two different equilibrium geometries, which result from an energetic barrier involved on the N-CO bond rotation. The rotational mechanism is influenced by electronic and steric effects. In this sense, amides and carbamates from aniline are particularly interesting substrates, since those effects can be evaluated through aryl or nitrogen substituents. In this work, the N-arylcarbamates N-CO rotational mechanisms were studied by AM1 semi-empiric and HF/6-31G* ab initio calculation. The conformational analysis showed, as expected, two equilibrium geometries and two maximum energies rotamers (transition states TSsyn and TSanti).The rotational barriers were calculated by the energies differences between transition states and equilibrium geometries. Barriers were estimated at 13-17 kcal.mol-1 by the HF/6-31G* calculation. AM1 results, by the other side, are about 40% from the ab initio ones.
DISCUSSING THE ATTITUDES AND BELIEFS ABOUT CHEMISTRY IN ELECTRO-TECHNICAL EDUCATION STUDENTS
Authors: NUNES Albino Oliveira , MEDEIROS Lucas Oliveira de , NUNES Albano Oliveira , SILVA Allison Ruan de Morais
Published: August 2021

The advancment of science and technology in our society gave way for a crescent demand in Scientific and Technologic Literacy (SCL) for the general population. In this context, Chemistry plays an important role not only for being a central science, but also for having a strong technological component and industrial significance. Thus, this article's goal is to know and analyze the scientific and Chemistry-oriented behaviour of third-year students at the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN) - Campus Mossoró, trhough qualitative and quantitative approach. The data collect instruments used (open-ended question, Likert scale and semantic differential scale) were applied to 25 students from the eletrotechnical integrated course. The results show that the students present a positive attitude towards Chemistry, understanding its role as beneficial to society. However, they show a heavily negative attitude towards Chemistry when disregarding it as a possible career choice. From that, it is evident that, even though it holds social relevance, the students ignore and reject Chemistry's important aspects and its multiple applications in their professional choices.
CONTEXTUALIZED APPROACH OF PESTICIDES SUBJECT: A PROPOSAL FOR TEACHING CHEMISTRY
Authors: MEDEIROS Maraína Souza , GOULART Simone Machado , SANTOS João Paulo Victorino
Published: August 2021

Pesticides are chemicals that aim to control pests in agriculture, livestock, and household cleaning purposes. The use of the theme as a guideline for working chemical concepts is of great interest in the field of Chemistry Teaching, especially when applied in the area of Environmental Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, as a major concern in Chemical Science, is the way how educators contextualize their specific subjects with their students. After conducting interviews with six chemistry teachers who teach in Chemistry Course, the theme pesticides was contextualized in the specific disciplines of the Course, using data supplied by teachers and by gathering information in scientific articles and books. By this all, an educational copybook was produced.
OBTAINING POLYMERIC LUMINESCENT AND ULTRATHIN Eu3+ FILMS FROM LOW COST SPIN COATER PROTOTYPE
Authors: GALVÃO R. , MENEZES J. F. , OLIVEIRA V.
Published: August 2021

In this article, we describe the development of an Arduino-based low-cost spin coater. The prototype was tested in the production of luminescent polymeric films with the potential for the formation of waveguides. The films profilometry showed consistent results with mathematical models known for professional spin coaters, confirming the potential of the prototype.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF THE FIRST VERSION OF A QUESTIONNAIRE FOR MEASURING PRE-SERVICE PRIMARY TEACHERS SCIENCE CONTENT KNOWLEDGE
Authors: VERDUGO-PERONA José Javier , SOLAZ-PORTOLÉS Joan Josep , SANJOSÉ-LÓPEZ Vicente
Published: August 2021

The first version of an instrument to assess science conceptual knowledge in pre-service primary teachers is elaborated and validated. A multiple-choice test with 50 items was proposed. Four content areas of science from the curriculum of Primary Education in Spain were considered: natural environment and its conservation, biological diversity, health education, and the human body, matter, and energy. A sample of 83 pre-service teachers from a Spanish university participated in the statistical validation process. Both external consistency (Test-Retest correlation) and internal consistency (Kurder-Richardson’s 20th formula) were above 0.7. Item difficulty and discrimination indices were analyzed as well as distractor election. Although some adjustments should be made, indicators suggest that the instrument is appropriate for its purpose. Furthermore, remarkable results about participants’ poor conceptual mastery and misconceptions were identified. Implications of these findings are discussed
AN EXPLORATORY STUDY ON SECONDARY EDUCATION STUDENTS PREFERENCES REGARDING SCIENCE TEACHING METHODS: THE CASE OF A HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: SOLAZ-PORTOLÉS Joan Josep , DEL CAMPO Óscar J , SANJOSÉ Vicent
Published: August 2021

This study aims to carry out an initial approach to the secondary education students preferences regarding science teaching methods. The study also analyses the influence of academic level and gender on these preferences. Two hundred and forty spanish secondary education students (112 women and 128 men) at different educational levels (but they are all from the same high school) have participated in this research. All of them have been administered a multiple choice test of 6 items each with four options. In these items each option offers a way of teaching. The statistical analysis of the results obtained allow us to conclude that: a) Students show a significant predilection for student-centered teaching methods; and b) Academic level has a significant effect on teaching method preferences among students, but gender does not.
TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER CONTAINING RHODAMINE BY ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESS (AOP): FENTON, PHOTO-FENTON AND OZONATION
Authors: GRANDO Calina Ninfa , DIEHL Matheus José Gomes , MISTURA Clóvia Marozzin
Published: August 2021

The necessity for the conservation of natural resources and possible risks to human health have motivated efforts to minimize contamination problems. The agate dyeing and washing operations demand the utilization of considerable volumes of water and yield colored wastewater in addition to the possibility of high toxicity. The Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) has been extensively evaluated, mainly due to its high capacity for degrading a large number of resistant substances with relatively low-cost procedures and simple operations. These processes are based upon the formation of the hydroxyl radical (OH•); which has a wide potential for oxidation. All three treatments yielded excellent results in color degradation.
BIODIESEL PRODUCTION AND PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY TEACHING
Authors: ROCHA Juliana Almeida , ROYO Vanessa de Andrade , MENEZES Elytania Veiga
Published: August 2021

Biodiesel is important renewable energy that stands out mainly due to the possible reduction of oil reserves and environmental impacts intensified by the use of fossil fuels. This biofuel is produced from various oily materials, catalysts, and alcohols. Generates glycerin as a byproduct, which is used in different kinds of industries. Given the importance of the fuel and the need to integrate the theoretical content with the practical application of knowledge, this article aims to describe an experiment that can be used for teaching content such as chromatography and transesterification reaction in graduation courses. For biodiesel production were used: soybean oil, methanol, and potassium hydroxide, and analysis on paper chromatography were employed: filter paper and the solvents hexane, ethyl ether, and acetic acid as eluants. The viscosity and specific gravity of soybean oil and biodiesel were measured. With experiments, the academics observed that the transesterification reaction changes the physical-chemical properties of oil when it is converted into biodiesel and understand basic principles governing the chromatographic techniques and organic reactions.
PARAMETERS OF MOLECULAR REACTIVITY AND THE CORRELATION WITH MOLAR CONDUCTIVITY OF THE QUINOLINE-N-OXIDE, NICOTINAMIDE-N-OXIDE AND 2,2-DITHIOBISPIRIDINE-N-OXIDE
Authors: LIMA F. J. S. , COSTA L. H. M , AZEVEDO D. M. , SILVA A. O. , PEREIRA F. C.
Published: August 2021

Parameters of molecular reactivity (PRMs) it has been used by a group to foresee the reactivity of molecules that can be interesting in the formation of complex systems and introduce capacity potentially electron donors. It has also been used by a group, correlations of PRMs with other physical-chemistries properties as reaction enthalpy, energy-free from Gibbs, and of formation enthalpy. In this work, we made the study of the parameters of molecular reactivity (PRMs) for the molecules: Quinoline-N-Oxide (C9H7NO), Nicotinamide-NOxide (C6H6N2O2), and 2,2-Dithiobispiridine-N-Oxide (C10H8N2O2S2) and compared with measures of molar conductance. Our purpose was to observe in which greatness the conductance of a neutral ligand can influence the conductance of a complex system. Starting from the obtained data we observed that all the ligands studied in this work behave as nonelectrolyte in an aqueous solution, as expected, the second proposal based on the studies of ionic salts and pseudo-covalent, and, therefore we waited that should not influence significantly in the behavior electrolyte of complex systems formed with the same ones. Such expectations will be susceptible to practical confrontation through opportune experimental procedures.
FATTY ACID PROFILE AND PHYSICAL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF OIL EXTRACTED FROM Banisteriopsis pubipetala (A.Juss.) Cuatrec. (MALPIGHIACEAE) SEEDS
Authors: PRAZERES Raissa Mendes , SANTOS Kamylla Teixeira , MELO JUNIOR Afrânio Farias de , OLIVEIRA Dario Alves de , MENEZES Elytânia Veiga , SAMPAIO-JÚNIO José Bento , FONSECA Francine Souza Alves , ROYO Vanessa de Andrade
Published: August 2021

The species Banisteriopsis pubipetala (Malpighiaceae), occurs in the Brazilian cerrado, is a liana has anemochorous fruits with small seeds and lipid reserves. There are few studies on this species and the importance of investigating the composition occurs, due to other species of the same genus be studied and they have diverse biological activities. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of volatile compounds in the seeds by Headspace, fatty profile by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and the physicochemical properties of the oil extracted from the seeds of Banisteriopsis pubipetala. From the chromatographic analysis fatty acids were identified: palmitic, oleic, linoleic and eicosanoic. It has been found absence of volatile compounds in seeds. The physicochemical properties evaluated were: seed oil content (41%), moisture content (4.2%), pH (5.25), ash (0.08% m/m), acidity index (1.0 mg KOH·g-1), iodine (cg I2·g-1) and peroxides (0.5 meq·kg-1). The results were similar to other species of the same family and the cerrado. This information is the foundation for developing future research, since it is relevant to assess the possibility of bioprospecting and possible industrial use of this input, for example, in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry because of fatty acids present.
BEHAVIOUR AND NATURE OF DISINTEGRATION OF SLID SOLUTIONS BASED ON SODIUM AND CALCIUM SULPHATES IN TERNARY SULPHATE SYSTEMS
Authors: GASANALIEV A. M. , GAMATAEVA B. Yu. , GASANALIEVA P. N. , GAMATAEV G. S. , TRUNIN A. S.
Published: August 2021

Information on phase formation in complex physical-chemical systems is the basis for the synthesis of new phases and thus informational-logical basis for the developing of new polyfunctional materials. For the first time set of sulfate-containing ternary systems was studied using a complex of methods for physical and chemical analysis, such as differential thermal analysis (DTA), visual-polythermal analysis (VPA). The nature of solid solutions based on Na2SO4–CaSO4 was identified; the values of force fields were calculated by Goldschmidt’s formula. The influence of the third component (М2SO4 (М-Li,K,Rb,Cs,Tl(I)) on the behavior and disintegration of these solid solutions was determined.
XANTHATION OF SAWDUST WASTE FOR ADSORPTION OF LEAD IONS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
Authors: NUÑEZ-HERNANDEZ Jaider Enrique , COLPAS-CASTILLO Fredy , FERNANDEZ-MAESTRE Roberto
Published: August 2021

Heavy metals in industrial effluents have contaminated natural waters compromising the health of humans and animals. Traditional methods eliminate these metals from wastewater but they are costly or ineffective at low metal concentrations for which alternative methods are required. We investigated the adsorption of lead on xanthated sawdust (CS2 treatment). Kinetic and pH tests, adsorption isotherms and infrared spectroscopy were performed. Kinetic studies indicated that adsorption equilibrated at 120 min following a kinetic model of pseudo-second order. The adsorption capacity was 72 mg Pb2+ g-1 (maximum at pH 5, Freundlich type isotherm, 98% adsorption). This product obtained from raw materials without commercial value, can be used for environmental remediation as an alternative to its expensive dumping into landfills.
FEASIBILITY STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF REFERENCE MATERIAL OF PESTICIDE IN BLACK TEA
Authors: STYARINI Dyah , GUNLAZUARDI Jarnuzi
Published: August 2021

In this paper, a study on development of reference material (RM) for α-endosulfan and bifenthrin in black tea as a matrix is reported. The study was conducted on the basis that such RMs was presently not available in Indonesia. To obtain a good and proper RM, a feasibility study of RM development is extremely required. The RM was firstly prepared by grinding the tea leaf to have particle size of about 150-106 μm and water content of about 5.99%. A small portion of the grinded tea leaf was then spiked with hexane solution containing both target analytes at certain concentrations, followed by a proper drying to obtain initial candidate of RM (iCRM). The iCRM was then well-mixed properly with another portion of non-spiked grinded tea material to get final candidate reference material (fCRM) powder. A gas chromatography equipped with electron capture detector was used for analyte identification and the feasibility of the method was evaluated in term of spiking technique and homogenization process. The evaluation by ANOVA showed that fCRM was statistically considered to be homogeneous and having α-endosulfan and bifentrin mass fraction ± U of 380.32 (±120.32) ng.g-1 and 522.74 (±148.65) ng.g-1 in dry weight basis, respectively.
DEVELOPMENT OF CHEMICALLY MODIFIED ELECTRODE WITH METHYLENE BLUE ANCHORED ONTO SILICA/NIOBIUM FOR SULFIDE ANALYSIS
Authors: MACEDO I. Y. L. , LOBÓN G. S. , MATIAS A. L. B. , LIÃO L. M. , SCALIZE P. S. , GIL E. S.
Published: August 2021

Sulfide released in the environment, due to high toxicity, even at low concentrations, may lead to serious environmental and health impacts. Therefore, is mandatory to develop highly sensitive, practical and inexpensive methods for detecting sulfide. Some of these analytical approaches are based on the methylene blue (MB) reaction, which has been successfully used in modified electrodes (MEs) development. MB-MEs hold promise as tools for detecting this electroactive anion. This study developed and characterized silica-niobiummethylene blue (SNMB) MEs, and evaluated their performance in sulfide determination through chronoamperometric and voltammetric techniques, under different experimental conditions. Within optimum conditions, the SNMB-MEs exhibited a linear response to sulfide anions from 7.6 to 63.4 μM, (r = 0.9979), whereas the detection and quantification limits were 2.03 mM and 6.77 mM, respectively. These results confirm the potential applicability of SNMB-ME for sulfide analysis and monitoring.
CHEMISTRY TEACHING WITH TEACHING RESOURCES IN MIDDLE SCHOOL - A CASE STUDY
Authors: ASSIS Amanda Fagundes de Souza , SILVA Maria Dulcimar de Brito , RIBEIRO Nathaliany do Socorro Silva
Published: August 2021

Teaching and learning science are major challenges that require media as facilitators for their understanding and view of the world, within this framework, it is the chemistry. The present study aimed to verify as the use of didactic resources for the performance in science teaching using a dynamic relationship of content. The methodology consisted of a field research, the qualitative divided into four stages, being employed lectures to explore the theme linking the practice and theory, using educational tools (experimentation, electronic game alternate) as sources for data analysis. Before the application, it was observed that after the trial the majority of students felt difficulty in combining theory with practice, on the basis of this difficulty it was noted that 50% consider experimenting a way supportive for the understanding of the subject, as well as provide discussions and dialogs (25%), and demonstrate chemical reactions (25%). The application of the game alternative teaching allowed students with a sense of knowledge in chemical life by promoting the development of a critical vision of the world. It was concluded that, for a student-teacher relationship-discipline is necessary to perform various steps, since the prior knowledge, the arguments, the inquiries, analysis of responses, to then carry out the explanation of the subject together with the use of didactic resources.
IMPACT AND PERSPECTIVES ON WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION NETWORK
Authors: PONÇANO Vera Maria Lopes , SILVA Genesis Duarte de Oliveira
Published: August 2021

The Sanitation and Water Supply Network (RESAG) is under the Brazilian Technology System Network (SIBRATEC) -Technological Services, aiming to improve and extend the technological services offered by the organizations comprised in this network. Planning and education are fundamental for the solution of the existing problems and there are actions not necessarily expensive that can result in a positive and meaningful impact, as the one coming from the approach and linkage of public and private institutions and many technological sectors, involving many discipline of the knowledge. The management in the form of a network, such as RESAG, facilitates permeability and the dissemination of knowledge in this area in the various regions of the country.
DETERMINATION OF THE MACRO AND MICRONUTRIENTS OF PEPER CAPSICUM SSP CULTIVATED IN RORAIMA
Authors: RIZZATTI Ivanise Maria , MARANGON Cristiane , SCHVEITZRT Bianca
Published: August 2021

The objective of this article was to determine the macro and micronutrients in four species peppers cultivated in Roraima: Capsicum chinense Jacq. (Fish-eye peppers true and false, Spur cock, Murici, Eye mutum, Murupi, smelling pepper, Roxinha, Chilli, Sapucaia, and others), Capsicum frutescens (pepper malagueta), Capsicum annuum (bell peppers) e Capsicum baccatum v. pendulem Wild (Lady's finger and basking Hat), they were collected in two fairs of Boa Vista and the Lower Rio Branco region, county of Caracaraí. Peppers are widely consumed in the state, however, there are no studies on the mineral composition. Were determined P (phosphorus) and B (boron) Spectrometry Ultraviolet Visible, the Ca (Calcium), K (potassium), Mg (magnesium), Fe (iron), Mn (manganese), Cu (copper) and Zn (zinc) by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and N (nitrogen) Kjeldahl. In two peppers of the same species (C. chinense) were found high concentrations of Mn (pepper Murici) and Mg (pepper Roxinha) when compared to the other analyzed peppers.
EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE CORROSION PROPERTIES OF STEEL X13 IN THE ACETIC ACID AT 20 AND 80°С
Authors: MANANNIKOV Dmitrii Andreevich , PARSHUKOV Vladimir Pavlovich , NIKOLAYCHUK Pavel Anatolyevich
Published: August 2021

Polarisation curves of stainless steel Х13 in a 5% NaCl + 0.5% CH3COOH + CH3COONa + CO2 (PCO2 = 0.1 МPa) solution at рН 3 and 4 and temperatures 20 and 80°С were obtained by the potentiostatic method. The corrosion-electrochemical characteristics of the steel in these environments were measured. The potential – pH diagrams of system steel X13 – CH3COOH – CO2 – H2O were constructed and the corrosion behaviour of the steel was determined using these diagrams. The passivation of the steel may proceed due to the formation of iron chromite (FeCr2O4) phase layer and of iron oxalate (FeC2O4) polylayer.
NON-INTRUSIVE METHOD FOR MEASURING WATER FLOW RATE IN PIPE
Authors: MEDEIROS K. A. R. , BARBOSA C. R. H. , OLIVEIRA E. C. de
Published: August 2021

The transducer most widely used for vibration measurement is the piezoelectric accelerometer. This application has been explored for flow rate measurement, since some studies have verified the narrow correlation between ratio of flow and vibration. The technique consists of measure the vibration induced by the flow in the pipeline, has been considered as promising, in the sense of enabling the development of a sensor that presents advantageous characteristics such as non-intrusiveness, non-invasiveness and reduced cost. This paper shows the method of measurement of flow in pipe based on vibration caused by transit of water, without the need of flow interruption or opening of pipe for installation of water meters. Further are present experimental measurements and metrological validation in laboratory accredited for calibration of flow meters.
ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESS (AOPS) FOR MICROPOLLUTANT TREATMENT: A REVIEW
Authors: KUFFEL Fernando J. M. , BRANDT Cassiano R. , KUHN Daniel , STEFFENS Clarice , STULP Simone , ECKHARDT Rafael R. , REISDÖRFER Gustavo , SILVA Maria C. A. , HILGEMANN Maurício , HOEHNE Lucélia
Published: August 2021

The growing preoccupation about drinking water quality available on earth, a new order of emergent pollutants in rivers and lakes has called the attention of the scientific community, the micropollutants. These compounds come from the irregular or involuntary ejectment of substances such as pesticides, drugs, insecticides and other into the nature. By having a complex structure, the micropollutants have high resistance over the traditional water treatment to human consume. Thus, alternatives methodologies to their degradation have been studied, such as advanced oxidation process (AOPs). The AOPs are based in the formation of hydroxyls radicals (OH-) highly reactive that degrade complexes substances into lesser aggressive products as CO2 and water. Even though many methods to generate hydroxyls radicals from advanced oxidation processes exist, they differentiate on the application and viability. This review shows different methodologies using AOPs and their respective application characteristics, also some works already made in complexes substances treatment, which prove their efficiency.
REALIGNMENT OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR IMPROVING THE RELIABILITY OF A BIOFUEL LABORATORY
Authors: PORTELLA Cristiane M. de M. A. , CAVALCANTI Eduardo H. S. , RESENDE Vera L. D. , SILVA Fernanda dos S. , SIMÕES Maria Gabriela P. de A.
Published: August 2021

Considerable effort has been observed in recent years in order to expand the capacity of laboratories with a view to overcoming technical barriers and providing reports, reports and opinions with metrological reliability. In this context, the implementation of quality management system based on standard ISO / IEC 17025 is indispensable, as in the case of providers laboratories of specialized technical services and research at the National Institute of Technology (INT) as the Corrosion Laboratory and Protection (LACOR), at the time it expands its scope of accreditation in the field of biofuels. It was developed with funds from SIBRATEC Program, a management model of the relining project adopted by LACOR the Biofuels Industry. For such a diagnosis was made, identified bottlenecks and an elaborate action plan. Action plan that had as its backdrop the foundations established in the strategic planning of INT, as well as environmental factors, structural and organizational processes peculiar to a federal public agency. This paper aims to demonstrate the main difficulties encountered, the solutions adopted, the results obtained, the main lessons learned and challenges ahead for maintenance and continuous improvement of the implemented management system.
EFFECT OF CARRIER GAS FLOW RATE AND COLUMN TEMPERATURE ON THE SUITABILITY PARAMETERS OF GC-ECD FOR SF6 MEASUREMENT
Authors: ZUAS Oman
Published: August 2021

System suitability testing of a GC is essential to verify its suitability for intended application. The GC always uses a carrier gas and column temperature, which may impact on its suitability parameters. This study is aimed to evaluate the effects of carrier gas flow rate (FLRT) and column temperature (CLTP) on the system suitability parameters (SSP) of GC-ECD for SF6 measurement such as retention time/tR, response factor/RF, theoretical plate numbers/N, and asymmetric factor/As. The evaluation was conducted by carefully profiling the SF6 chromatogram and the data obtained were used to calculate the tR, RF, N, and As values. It was found that the tR increases linearly (R2 = 0.9978) by increasing the FLRT, but decreases linearly (R2 = 0.9991) by increasing the CLTP. The RF decreases linearly (R2 = 0.9939) by increasing the FLRT. Interestingly, the RF was affected by the CLTP with 2nd polynomial order trend (R2 = 0.9949). The N increases linearly (R2 = 0.9404) by increasing the FLRT but the N was affected b the CLTP with 2nd polynomial order trend (R2 = 0.9769). The As was found to increase slightly with FLRT (R2 = 0.1288), while the As was affected by the CT with 2nd polynomial order trend (R2 = 0.9778). These results are in a good agreement with previous SSP studies.
EMPIRICAL / THEORETICAL PROPOSAL FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL
Authors: DE BONI Luis Alcides Brandini
Published: August 2021

The present manuscript represents the projection of laboratory experiments in a theoretical reactor projected for the production of biodiesel. The objectives of this project were: production of biodiesel in less time; to reduce the energy consumption into the production of biodiesel; Non-dependence of the reaction kinetics from the reaction's temperature and high conversion rates of raw material into the final product with transesterification reactions performed at stoichiometric limits. The results indicate that the use of a single reaction vessel to perform several stages of production without the transfer of the total mass of fuel fluid between several vessels reduces the total production time. The reaction time was also optimized with the use of an appropriate monitoring system. Performing the reactions near the stoichiometric limits reduced the refining time of the final product, as there are fewer raw materials to be removed from the final product. Monitoring of the reaction with real-time LASER spectroscopy allowed initiating the reaction at room temperature and increasing the supply of energy (heat) throughout the reaction, reducing the energy consumption during the reaction, and the moment of chemical balance was detected with the monitoring system.
BUILDING QUALITY INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES FOR WATER AND SANITATION PROVIDERS IN LATIN AMERICA – EXAMPLES FROM GERMAN DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION
Authors: RAMÍREZ Ann-Katrin P. , WOLFF Carl F.
Published: August 2021

The Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) implements development cooperation projects in the area of quality infrastructure on behalf of the German government. In Latin America, it is currently cooperating with institutions in three countries – Peru, Bolivia and Nicaragua – in the field of water and sanitation. These three countries still face important challenges in water and sanitation provision in terms of service coverage, institutional development and enforcement of sector regulations. Furthermore, most service providers are not able to ensure the accuracy of quantity measurements or the reliability of water quality analysis. PTBs experience has proven that before project intervention water and sanitation is usually not in the focus of QI bodies. Even though some services or standards exist, they generally lack of direct interaction with the sector. Nonetheless, an example of project work in Bolivia shows that it is possible to bring the sector and QI bodies closer, through the development of specific services. Proof of success is the continuity of water utilities participating in annual proficiency tests and also the number of laboratories of water utilities being part of a sector accreditation program. The example from Peru, on the other hand, shows how the introduction of a new regulation for the control of the quality of industrial and commercial waste water released into the sewage system can be a driving force to bring QI bodies and the regulating institutions to work together.
SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURAL STUDY OF THE IONIC ENSEMBLE (RS)-NIPECOTIC ACID: OXALIC ACID: WATER
Authors: CHACÓN Cecília , JAMALIS Joazaizulfazli , HENAO José A. , DELGADO Gerson E.
Published: August 2021

In this structure, an ionic ensemble assisted by hydrogen bonds, the molecules are connected by O--H···O and N--H···O hydrogen bonds, forming linearsemi-oxalate--semi-oxalate chains with intercalated R and S nipecotic molecules. The combination of these intermolecular interactions leads to the formation of a molecular assembly which can be described as a two-dimensional bilayer-like arrangement.
PERCEPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION PROCESS AND PRODUCTION OF SOLID WASTE FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: COSTA Camila de Carvalho , ROCHA José Roberto Caetano da
Published: August 2021

In this study evaluated the knowledge that elementary school students have about the environment and about the process of separating the solid waste produced daily in their homes. This research was carried out with students of the 7th, 8th and 9th years of a state school located in the city of Paranaguá, PR. In it we considered some preventive measures that could alleviate the problem caused by the inadequate disposal of these materials and if they can observe some economic value in the solid waste produced. Thus, the main objectives were the questioning about the amount of solid waste produced in their homes. Evaluate if people perform the selective separation of the same. In addition to quantify and know the final destination of solid waste produced daily by them. Through the methodology used it was noticed that even the questionnaire being applied in different series of elementary school the answers presented showed little variation from one class to another. Therefore even in subsequent series it is noticed that there was little internalization of the presented environmental contents. This fact also demonstrates that the cultural process supplants the teaching-learning process, since the students' attitudes contradict the discourse they have acquired in the classroom.
SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE 1:1 PROTON TRANSFER SALT OF MALONIC ACID WITH P-CHLOROANILINE
Authors: DELGADO Gerson E. , BELANDRIA Lusbely , MORA Asiloé J. , BRUNO-COLMENÁREZ Julia , MARROQUÍN Gustavo
Published: August 2021

The design of multicomponent crystals offers a means to modify the physicochemical properties of crystals without altering the chemical properties of a particular molecule. In this study, a multicomponent crystal, the salt of malonic acid with p-chloroaniline, was synthetized and structurally characterized. The title compound wasprepared by grinding in an agate mortar, and its structure was studied by powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This compound crystallize in the monoclinic system with space group P21/c, Z = 4, and unit cell parameters a = 12.9776(7)Å, b = 9.2308(5)Å, c = 8.5170(5)Å, β = 93.474(3)°. The multicomponent compound, p-chloroanilinium semi-malonate, can be described as an ionic ensemble assisted by hydrogen bonds established between p-chloroanilinium cations and semi-malonate anions. The molecular structure and crystal packing are stabilized mainly by intermolecular O-H•••O and N-H•••O hydrogen bonds interactions. The molecules construct a supramolecular assembly with a two-dimensional hydrogen bonded network along the ca plane.
Impact of Exchange Rate on Balance of Payments in Nigeria
Authors: Nnamdi Nwachukwu
Published: August 2021

This study examined the impact of exchange rate on balance of payments in Nigeria. Data for the study which are balance of payments, exchange rate, interest rate, trade openness and crude oil price were extracted from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin covering the period 1981-2019. The method of data analysis is the Vector Error Correction Mechanism (VECM). The results reveal that there is a positive relationship between balance of payments and exchange rate in Nigeria, exchange rate has significant impact on balance of payments in Nigeria (t-stat = 2.47441) and there is causality relationship between exchange rate fluctuations and balance of payments in Nigeria (p-value = 0.0174 < 0.05). It is therefore the recommendation of this study that the government should encourage make political and industrial peace and stability a top macro-political policy priority.
Graphene: the magic carbon derived biological weapon for human welfare
Authors:   Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia-741235, India, Chakrovorty Arnob , Bhattacharjee Banani ,   Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia-741235, India, Dey Rishita ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University), Kashipur-244713, India, Samadder Asmita ,   Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia-741235, India, Nandi Sisir ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University), Kashipur-244713, India
Published: August 2021

Graphene plays an etiologic role for the new edge drug designing in the area of therapeutic management of myriads of diseases. Several researchers have experimentally validated the use of graphene and its derivative either in chemical form or in their nano-form to provide a longer and better life to the patients suffering from cancer, diabetes, etc. In this review, we have tried to focus on the literature to understand molecular docking-based role of graphene as an anti-cancer and anti-diabetic therapeutic tool which is very pertinent in the extensive arena of pharmacology, from pharmacovigilance to pharmacodynamics and kinetics, that ameliorates and concords with the modern scientific approaches of disease management.
Surveying decorative lights of garden cafe in Thu Duc district and proposing some new light patterns for the garden cafe
Authors: Nguyen Thao V.
Published: August 2021

This study was carried out from September 2018 to May 2019 at some garden cafes in Thu Duc district. The objective of the study was to survey different types of lights used for decoration of cafe gardens. The study used questionnaires of light characteristics for data collection and then the information collected was analyzed and evaluated for creating lighting designs. The district selected for investigation was divided by wards, routes and cafe areas. The results showed that the majority of 40 garden cafes investigated had LEDs with yellow or white color. Due to the space of cafes, drop lights were preferred and light installation was focused on walkways using lights without lampshades. Five lighting models were designed using concentrated lighting with natural images such as bamboo, sunshine, water surface and folk items like bamboo fish trap. Briefly, the findings of this study would contribute to the improvement of decorative lights for existing garden cafes in Thu Duc district