bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toward a Political Sociology of Conjugal-Recognition Regimes: Gendered Multiculturalism in South African Marriage Law
Authors: Yarbrough Michael W.
Published: May 2019

While conjugal-recognition policies are often a subject of political debate, scholars rarely attempt to explain the causal roots of such policies. When they do, their methods typically focus on discrete policies in isolation—same-sex marriage, no-fault divorce, etc.—with comparatively little investigation of potential connections among policies. This article begins to develop a more holistic approach focused on identifying and explaining what I call conjugal-recognition regimes. Adapting the concept from the existing literature on welfare regimes, I argue that conjugal-recognition regimes exist when an identifiable pattern or principle organizes an institution’s conjugal-recognition policies. Such regimes shape social relations at multiple levels, both between the individuals in conjugal relationships and among the multiple institutions (state, religious, and so on) that confer official conjugal recognition. I argue that these organizing patterns or principles emerge out of historically specific, institutionally situated, and discursively constructed political debates on specific conjugal issues and, to the extent a regime in fact exists, go on to shape subsequent conjugal-policy controversies. I demonstrate these ideas through an extended analysis of post-apartheid South African marriage law, which has recently incorporated numerous previously excluded conjugal formations but has also assigned each new form to its own statutory and administrative structure or, as I call it, “silo.” I argue that these silos entrench a principle of “gendered multiculturalism” that officially defines cultures in terms of their supposedly characteristic gender relations. This principle increasingly tends to embed religious and cultural elites’ understandings of their respective traditions into the state’s marriage laws.
Something Old, Something New: Historicizing Same-Sex Marriage within Ongoing Struggles over African Marriage in South Africa
Authors: Yarbrough Michael W.
Published: May 2019

This paper examines contemporary struggles over same-sex marriage in the daily lives of black lesbian- and gay-identified South Africans. Based primarily on 21 in-depth interviews with such South Africans drawn from a larger project on post-apartheid South African marriage, I argue that their current struggles for relationship recognition share much in common with contemporaneous struggles of their heterosexual counterparts, and that these commonalities reflect ongoing tensions between more extended-family and more dyadic understandings of African marriage. The increasing influence of dyadic understandings of marriage, and of associated ideals of romantic love, has helped inspire same-sex marriage claims and, in many cases, facilitate their acceptance. At the same time, continuing contestation over such understandings helps drive instances of opposition.
The Demography of Drug Abuse in Hong Kong
Authors: Liu Tong , Gietel-Basten Stuart
Published: May 2019

Drug abuse is a critical issue impairing social welfare in many societies. This study explores the demographic characteristics of drug abuse among sub-populations in Hong Kong as a developed and ageing society with large socioeconomic disparities. Significant changes in both the number and rate of drug abuse by drug type, age, gender, ethnicity, education and economic activity are documented during 1991 to 2016. Although narcotics analgesics is more common, stimulants and Ketamine are growing popular in Hong Kong, especially among the youth. The number of elderly drug abusers is increasing due to the ageing population, whereas the rate of elderly drug abuse is actually stable or decreasing. In contrast, drug abuse rate is increasing for the middle-aged and for groups with lower education. The findings support social policy design to curb drug abuse, and call for closer attention to these at-risk groups that are overlooked in Hong Kong.
Jihadi brides, Prevent and critical thinking
Authors: Kazi Tehmina , Kazi Tehmina
Published: May 2019

An analysis of the Prevent programme and its impact on teaching critical thinking skills in the classroom, with a particular reference to radicalised young Muslim women in Britain.
Prevent
Authors: Alexander James
Published: May 2019

This reflection presents a cautious look at Prevent from a youth workers’ point of view. It has been written with reference to first-hand experience and conversations with fellow youth workers and attempts to shed some light on why many in the youth and community sector may be reluctant to engage with the UK Government’s Prevent Strategy. Although the ideas presented in this article have been developed through personal experience, they also constitute the basis of planned future research on the way Prevent is being received within the youth sector.

As such the paper will first set a policy context for the strategy outlining how community safety and crime prevention initiatives which once relied on voluntary involvement, are now increasingly being reinforced by a legal duty on particular professional groups of people to participate. I then look at the focus on the concern around the potential radicalisation of young people considering why they feature so significantly within the UK Government’s counter terrorism strategy. This viewpoint will be assessed against terrorism related conviction statistics and data on Prevent referrals and interventions, both of which suggest that the counter terrorist focus on youth radicalisation could be misguided. The article will close with some reflections on experiences gained as a youth worker regarding the realities of what can happen when youth organisations engage with Prevent as well as presenting an example of the pressure felt when organisations actively state that they have nothing to offer in terms of information on potential radicals.
Respecting and Ensuring Rights
Authors: Dhaliwal Sukhwant
Published: May 2019

This article revisits the multiple terrorist attacks that took place in England in 2017 and, through a closer examination of the narratives of the eight male perpetrators of these attacks, it draws the readers’ attention to the flaws in state and non-state responses to fundamentalist mobilisations. The article works with Karima Bennoune’s (2008) radical universalist approach to highlight the importance of a human rights framework for tackling fundamentalism. This is positioned against a neo-liberal and nationalist state response and a reactive left/anti-racist response in order to make visible the connections between terror and torture and also the myopia of a response that emphasises an obligation  to either respect or ensure rights rather than both simultaneously. This is particularly underlined within the final section where a discussion of gender perspectives on tackling fundamentalism distinguishes between the human right to security, an important concern for feminists involved in ending violence against women and girls, and the government’s protection of it’s own interests through securitisation. In keeping with the conjoined objectives of the piece, the final section offers a simultaneous critique of non-state actors for whom every state intervention on fundamentalism, and every feminist engagement with the state, is sullied by the accusation of ‘securitisation’.
Response of Olive (Olea europaea) Cultivars Against Venturia oleaginea Causing Olive Scab in Uruguay
Authors: Bernaschina Yesica , Alaniz Sandra , Conde-Innamorato Paula , Leoni Carolina
Published: May 2019

In Uruguay, the area cultivated with olive (Olea europaea) has increased in recent years reaching approximately 10,000 hectares. Among the foliar diseases favored by mild temperatures, high relative humidity, and abundant rainfall, olive scab or peacock spot caused by the fungus Venturia oleaginea is the most important. In 2015 and 2016, with the objective of knowing the response of olive cultivars introduced in Uruguay against this fungus, field, greenhouse, and laboratory trials were carried out. Disease incidence and severity were recorded based on a scale of the affected leaf area and/or the number of lesions per leaf, considering both visible and latent lesions after NaOH treatment. Results from field data, greenhouse and laboratory trials indicated that ´Frantoio´, ´Leccino´ and ´Picual´ were the cultivars with the best behavior against V. oleaginea. ´Arbequina´ had intermediate values while ´Barnea´, ´Coratina´ and ´Manzanilla´ were the most susceptible.
Efecto de la secuencia de cultivos sobre la población nativa de Trichoderma spp. en agricultura sin laboreo
Authors: Villar Andrés , Ernst Oswaldo , Cadenazzi Mónica , Vero Silvana , Pereyra Silvia , Altier Nora , Chouhy Diego , Langone Fabrizio , Pérez Carlos A.
Published: May 2019

La agricultura ha experimentado un fuerte proceso de cambios que han significado un aumento de las problemáticas sanitarias causadas por patógenos necrotróficos. Diversos trabajos muestran que manejando microorganismos benéfi-cos es posible reducir el impacto de las enfermedades. En base a esto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el efecto de los cultivos sobre la población de Trichoderma spp. en suelo y en rastrojo, en un sistema agrícola sin laboreo. El monitoreo de la población de Trichoderma spp. se realizó en un experimento con cuatro secuencias de cultivos. Se realizaron muestreos de rastrojo y suelo en primavera y otoño, durante tres años consecutivos. La densidad poblacional de Trichoderma spp. fue determinada mediante el método de dilución y recuento en placa. A su vez, se determinaron las propiedades químicas del suelo de cada tratamiento. Los resultados mostraron que el rastrojo de cebada presentó mayor densidad poblacional de Trichoderma spp. que el rastrojo de otras especies. Las distintas secuencias de cultivo afectaron significativamente la densidad poblacional de este hongo en el suelo. Sin embargo no tuvieron efecto sobre las propiedades químicas del suelo, ni hubo una asociación entre estas y la población de Trichoderma spp. Estos resultados establecen la posibilidad de manejar la población nativa de Trichoderma spp. mediante la elección de los componentes de las secuencias de cultivos, y permiten identificar ambientes más propicios para mantener altas poblaciones de Trichoderma. La identificación de ambientes que favorecen altas poblaciones de Trichoderma podría indicar situaciones más favorables para eventuales inoculaciones del antagonista.
Uruguay: País productor de alimentos para un sistema alimentario disfuncional
Authors: Gómez Perazzoli Alberto
Published: May 2019

Uruguay es un país de base agropecuaria y se destaca por exportar la mayor parte de su producción de alimentos, principalmente carne y soja. La producción de granos con destino a la alimentación animal ha crecido en forma relevante. Se revisa en forma crítica la inserción del país en el sistema alimentario mundial y su aporte nutricional para la población nacional en base a tres indicadores: 1) número de personas alimentadas por la producción nacional de alimentos; 2) contribución a la seguridad alimentaria según país de destino de las exportaciones y 3) producción nacional de frutas y verduras por persona. La cantidad de personas potencialmente alimentadas por la producción nacional es de 19,4 millones. La cantidad de calorías producidas en alimentos para animales es del 32 % del total. Si todas las calorías en el alimento para animales fueran destinadas directamente para consumo humano, la cantidad de personas alimentadas sería de 27,8 millones, pero debido a la pérdida de eficiencia por conversión, se alimentan 8,4 millones de personas menos. Los alimentos que exporta Uruguay se destinan en un 94 % a países de baja (89 %) o moderada (5 %) inseguridad alimentaria, relativizando su aporte a situaciones graves de inseguridad alimentaria. La producción nacional de frutas y verduras, disponible para el consumo en el mercado interno en fresco, representa el 50 % del consumo mínimo recomendado para una alimentación saludable. Se identifica como debilidad de la producción que, a pesar de ser excedentaria en calorías, presenta desequilibrios en el tipo de alimentos producidos.
Ballistic tests of lightweight hybrid composites for body armor
Authors: Yanen Cenk , Solmaz Murat Yavuz
Published: May 2019

In the research for this contribution, the use of layered hybrid composites as materials for ballistic armor has been tested. As part of the study, ballistic tests of glass/aramid/carbon fiber laminated comp osite plates at different reinforcing angles, in various numbers and thicknesses were carried out and the results analyzed. Eight hybrid composite laminates, of various thicknesses 200 × 200 mm in size were produced by the hand lay-up method at angles of 0°, +/−45°. Plain and twill fabrics were used to analyze the ballistic performances at various fiber reinforcing angles. Ballistic tests were carried out at the Elazig Special Operation Branch Office, using a Beretta gun loaded with 9 mm FMJ (full metal jacket) bullets. These experiments with ballistic test equipment were conducted in accordance with international standards. During the ballistic experiments, the velocity and BFS (backface signature) was measured and evaluated. Test results suggest that five samples were successful according to NIJ 0101-06 standards. It was found that twill woven (TW) fabrics made for the study manifest a higher ballistic performance than plain-woven (PW) fabrics. UD (unidirectional), +/−45° UD fabrics were found to be more effective than 0° UD fabrics. The findings are indicative for the design of lightweight ballistic armor material.
Effect of heat treatment on the wear behavior of GX200Cr13Ni6WMoMn
Authors: Teker Tanju , Dalmis I. Savaş , Yilmaz Rana
Published: May 2019

The effect of cryogenic treatment on the microstructure, hardening behavior and wear resistance of subcritical treated GX200Cr13Ni6WMoMn was investigated. The specimens were improved for thermal shock resistance by having an austenitic matrix in place under all heat treatment conditions. After subcritical treatment, heat treatment increased the hardness and wear resistance of all the specimens since thin secondary carbides precipitated in the rich retained austenite. The amount of precipitated secondary carbides and martensite transformed by cryogenic treatment was greater than by air-cooling. The cryogenic process reduced the amount of austenite, but the austenite retained was not completely converted into secondary carbides. The abrasion resistance, toughness and hardness of the specimens were markedly improved by primary carbides and secon dary carbides after heat treatment for 1 h at 900 °C.
Effect of rolling temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 6201 Al alloy
Authors: Li Hongxiang , Guo ShengLi , Zhang Jianjun , Du Peng , Liu Shengpu
Published: May 2019

An 6201Al alloy was rolled at room temperature (RT), liquid nitrogen and alcohol mixed temperature (LAT) and liquid nitrogen temperature (LNT). The effect of the rolling temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated by means of hardness measurements, tensile tests, optical microscopy (OM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Microstructural observations reveal that the dislocation tangles and dislocation density increased with decreasing rolling temperature. The dislocation accumulation was enhanced, and the formation of dislocation tangles and cells occurred during deformation under low rolling temperature. The substructures of the rolled sample at LAT and LNT are similar, consisting of dislocation cells, high dislocation density with networks, dislocation array, dislocation tangles and subgrains. Compared with rolled samples at RT and LAT, the rolled samples at LNT presented strengthened hardness and strength. The improvement of mechanical properties contributes to the fine substructures and accumulation of higher dislocation density during low temperature rolling. In addition, with decreasing rolling temperature, the average dimple size decreased.
Experimental and numerical study on the thermoforming process of amorphous thermoplastic polymers
Authors: Ekşi Olcay , Karabeyoğlu Sencer Süreyya , Cinar Kenan
Published: May 2019

Thickness distribution has an important impact on the quality of thermoformed products. It has significant effects not only on durability but also on the oxygen and gas transmission rate of thermoformed packaging products. In this study, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and polystyrene sheets were thermoformed using a lab scale thermoforming machine. Three different mold shapes were considered: conical, spherical and cylindrical. The thickness distribution of thermoformed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and polystyrene samples for each mold was investigated based on geometric element analysis (GEA) and finite element analysis (FEA). Finite element analysis yielded more accurate results than geometric element analysis. Process parameters such as temperature distribution on the sheets before molding, have a crucial effect on thickness distribution for all configurations.
Preparation Methods for Scanning Electron Microscope Characterization of Nano-Carbides in Cold Work Steel X153CrMoV12
Authors: Acar S. , Gerstein G. , Cui C. , Schulz A. , Nürnberger F.
Published: May 2019

The suitability of different preparation methods for imaging nano-carbides by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was evaluated taking the example of cold work steel X153CrMoV12 manufactured by powder metallurgy. The ion beam slope cutting method, carbide etching using sulfurous acid, and electrolytic polishing using the Struers electrolyte A2 were considered in this study. The preparation aim was to develop an appropriate method for the qualitative detection of nano-carbides using the SEM to characterize relatively large sample areas and to substitute time-consuming transmission electron microscope examinations. The carbide detection was performed on heat-treated samples using sulfurous acid, applying the ion beam slope cutting method, and by electrolytic polishing using the electrolyte A2. In the SEM, nano-carbides could be observed on the sample surfaces prepared by ion beam slope cutting and the electrolytically polished ones. The examinations were performed on conventionally quenched and tempered material samples of cold work steel X153CrMoV12 (reference condition) as well as on samples subjected to deep cryogenic treatment (DCT). Deep cryogenic treated samples showed a significantly increased number of nano-carbides.
A Glance at the Errors of Some Studies on the Health Effects of High Background Natural Radiation Areas
Authors: Eslami J , Mortazavi S M J , Mortazavi S A R
Published: May 2019

There is no place on the Earth, the planet we live on, where the natural background radiation level is zero. Since the birth and even in our fetal stage, we have been exposed to different sources of natural radiation. Life, in fact, evolved in a radiation environment that was much more harsh than today. Earth serves as a source of terrestrial radiation. Uranium, thorium, and radium are among the radioactive materials that naturally exist in soil and rock. Moreover, the air, we breathe, contains radon, a colorless, odorless, radioactive gas that is created naturally by the radioactive decay of uranium and radium. The crucial importance of the studies on the health effects of living in areas with high levels of background radiation for understanding the biological impact of exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation is well documented. Despite the undeniable need for accurate information about the health effects of exposure to high levels of background radiation, many published papers suffer from methodological and other common types of errors. In this paper, we review three articles published on high background radiation areas. The first paper has addressed the frequencies of unstable (dicentrics& rings), stable (translocations & inversions), and other types of chromosome aberration in adult men from both high background radiation areas of Kerala and areas with normal background radiation. The second paper has addressed different aspects of the world’s high background natural radiation areas. Finally, the third paper has tried to address the role of background radiation on males to females’ ratio at birth. The author has mainly referred to the studies performed on the impact of radiation exposures from nuclear testing (worldwide) and Chernobyl fallout (in Europe).The major shortcomings of these three papers, especially methodological errors, which affected the accuracy of their findings and conclusions are discussed.
Most ancient Podolia’s algae as trigger for the formation of phosphorites
Authors: Mienasova A. Sh.
Published: May 2019

The phosphorites are rather widely represented in platform carbonate and quartz-glauconite litho-tectonic complexes. They are also present in Kalyus Beds of Nagoryany Formation in Podolian Middle Dnister area.These beds are folded by homogeneous, dark-grey to black, thin-bedded mudstones. Characteristic feature of the beds is the occurrence of phosphorite concretions of different sizes. Dispersed phosphate mineralization (4–30 %) is also present in mudstones. Kalyus Beds have two levels enriched by remains of Vendotaenian algae. Lower level is located in the bottom surface and upper level is located near top surface. It is the most ancient and numerous imprints of algae in rocks of Upper Vendian. According to the general appearance of thalli, the nature of sporangia and the type of metabolism, they are referred to as brown algae, which were adopting a benthic lifestyle. And they include an assemblage of microphytofossils too. The black color, the presence of globular pyrite, the bitumen interlayers and the value of the protoxid module – 1,32–1,83 indicate the conditions for sedimentation recovery. Algal textures say that sedimentation occurred in the euphotic zone, that is, at the depth of light penetration. This is confirmed by the ecology of modern brown algae, which live from the low-water line to a depth of 20–30 m.In the Late Vendian, there was no terrestrial vegetation, therefore sloping substrates eroded much faster and the land was a vast plain almost at the level of the water’s edge. The coastline (in the modern sense) didn’t exist, it constantly migrated and this led to the fact that in the “coastal zone” formed numerous gulfs, overgrown with algae. The main source of phosphorus was the weathering crust of the subsilicic tuffogenic rocks with a high content of Р2О5. Then, phosphoric compounds fell into the sedimentation basin and assimilated by cyanobacteria and algae in the form of polyphosphoric acids. Cyanobacterial communities had multidirectional vectors of their life activity, so ones created various biochemical barriers. Acidic medium was for dissolving apatite and/or francolite, and then alkaline one, which was necessary for phosphorus precipitation. In addition, phosphorus could be precipitated as a result of seasonal fluctuations in temperature, which led to departure of the chemical equilibrium. Also algal films and microbiofilm could hold phosphorus-containing pelitic particles on their surfaces.Land vegetation cover absent, therefore the coastline constantly migrated so the primary structure of algal mats and biofilms were periodically disturbed. They were rolling, sticking, etc. took place. As a result, thrombolytics (nonlayered clot structures) were formed. Further lithification takes place under reducing conditions at the bottom and at the top of the sediment. If the concentration of phosphorus is high in sludge waters, phosphorite concretions can form from thrombolites then.
The main reserve of accelerated effective opening of oil and gas fields in Ukraine
Authors: Kryvosheyev V. T. , Makogon V. V. , Ivanova Ye. Z.
Published: May 2019

Economic hardship in Ukraine during the years of independence led to a sharp reduction of exploration work on oil and gas, a drop in hydrocarbon production, a decrease in inventories and a sharp collapse of research work to ensure the growth of hydrocarbon reserves.The hydrocarbon potential of various sources of Ukrainian subsoil is quite powerful and can provide future energy independence of the country. Potential hydrocarbon resources in traditional traps of various types are exhausted by only 25 %. Ukraine has recently experienced so-called “shale gas boom”. The experience of extraction of shale gas in desert areas of the United States can not be repeated in densely populated Ukraine in the absence of such powerful shale strata, resource base, necessary infrastructure, own technologies and techniques and economic, environmental and social risks.Taking into account the fuel and energy problems of the state, we constantly throughout the years of independence oriented the oil and gas industry and the authorities on the active use of our own reserves and opportunities for accelerated opening of new oil and gas fields.The results of geological exploration work in the old oil and gas basins at the high level of their study indicate that deposits in non-structural traps dominate among open deposits.A complex of sequence-stratigraphical, lithology-facies and lithology-paleogeographical studies is being successfully used to forecast undeformational traps in well-studied oil and gas bearing basin of the Ukraine – the Dniprovsko-Donetsky basin. The authors predict wide development of stratigraphic, lithologic, tectonic and combined traps in terrigenous sediments of Tournaisian and Visean age, reef-carbonate massifs of the lower Tournaisian, lower and middle Visean age and others. They should become the basis for exploration of oil and gas fields for the near and medium term and open the second breath of the basin.
A NOVEL MERCURIMETRIC TITRATION ASSAY OF METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE USING MERCURY (II) THIOCYANATE–IRON (III) NITRATE INDICATOR SYSTEM
Authors: Labhade S. R. , Labhade H. S. , Kadam V. B. , Gaikwad V. B.
Published: May 2019

A simple, rapid, reliable and novel titration procedure for the mercurimetric assay of metformin hydrochloride (MHCl) based on measurement of the chloride content of its hydrochloride salt is described. In this experiment, initially a synthetic mercury(II) thiocyanate [Hg(SCN)2] indicator was prepared by titrating mercury(II) nitrate [Hg(NO3)2] against potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) in the 1:2 stoichiometric ratio using ferric nitrate [Fe(NO3)3]. After addition of a known amount of Hg(NO3)2 to the indicator, the solution was further titrated against the aqueous solution of MHCl until the original red color reappeared. The concentration of chloride present in the volume (of MHCl) utilized for the reaction was found to be reacting in the 2:1 stoichiometric ratio with the Hg(NO3)2 taken in the second titration. The statistical treatment of the experimental data obtained by determining MHCl in the concentration range 0.8281 to 8.281 g/lit, indicates that the procedure is precise and accurate. The procedure was further applied for the analysis of MHCl in tablet formulations. The average recovery and accuracy were found to be in agreement with claimed by the manufacturer. The common excipients                                      used in tablet formulations did not interfere in the determination of MHCl by this procedure as observed by the recovery experiment using standard addition method. The chemistry involved in titration, the action of an indicator at the end point and the factors that affecting the reaction stoichiometry are discussed.

Keywords: Chloride assay, Mercurimetric titration, Mercury (II) nitrate, Mercury(II) thiocyanate-iron(III) nitrate indicator system, Metformin hydrochloride, Metformin hydrochloride tablets.
CYCLODEXTRIN IN DRUG DELIVERY APPLICATION: A REVIEW
Authors: Bhaskar Rajveer , Ola Monika , Patel Rahul , Chalikwar Dr. S. S.
Published: May 2019

The cyclodextrins have a wide range of applications in various areas of drug delivery and pharmaceutical industry due to their complexation ability and other versatile characteristics. The most popular pharmaceutical application of cyclodextrin is to increase the solubility, stability, safety and bioavailability of drug molecules. The idea of this review article is to solve and study any of the findings and application of cyclodextrin (CD) and their derivatives in different areas of drug delivery. This review article introduce the molecular structure, properties like complexation, solubility etc. of cyclodextrins and targeted on its use for parenteral, oral, ophthalmic and nasal drug delivery. Other routes including dermal, rectal, sublingual and pulmonary delivery are again briefly addressed. The aim of this contribution is to focus on the potential application of chemically altared cyclodextrins as high-performance drug carriers in drug delivery systems with emphasis on the other recent developments. Thus cyclodextrins, because of their continuing ability to find several novel applications in drug delivery, are expected to solve many problems associated with the delivery of different other novel drugs through different delivery routes.

Keywords: Cyclodextrin, complexing agents, bioavailability, industrial application
A study on leaching kinetics of chalcopyrite in KNO3 + H2SO4 medium
Authors: DİKME Harun , KUŞLU Soner , KARAGÖZ Özlem
Published: May 2019

This paper describes the leaching
behaviour and dissolution kinetics of chalcopyrite wıth
potassium nitrate in sulphuric acid solutions. Reaction temperature,
solid/liquid ratio, stirring speed, chalcopyrite particle size, concentration
of sulphuric acid and concentration of potassium nitrate solutions were
selected as process parameters. The experimental results were successfully
correlated with linear regression using the Statistical package program and
dissolution curves were evaluated by the shrinking core models for solid-fluid
systems. Finally, it was found that increasing reaction temperature and
decreasing solid/liquid ratio caused an increase in the dissolution rate of
chalcopyrite. The dissolution extent slightly increased with
the increase in the stirring speed rate between 300-900 rpm under the
experimental conditions. The activation energy was
found as 78.25 kJ mol-1. It was seen that the leaching of
chalcopyrite was controlled by surface chemical reactions.
Opinion corpus for the assessment of a study-abroad program
Authors: Kotani Katsunori , Yoshimi Takehiko , Uchida Mayumi
Published: May 2019

This study compiled an opinion corpus for developing a method for automatically evaluating a study-abroad program. Evaluation should cover not only academic experience at a host institution but also intercultural experience in the dormitory and interpersonal experience with local students, which helps improve a study-abroad program. The corpus included 600 students’ opinions on the satisfaction with academic, intercultural and interpersonal experiences, consisting of 40,024 words in total. Each opinion was annotated according to the opinion polarity determined by an existing sentiment classifier automatically. When automatically classified opinion polarity was compared with manually determined opinion polarity, a different distribution was observed. Because the existing classifier was not trained with a corpus that dealt with the issues related to students’ opinions about a study-abroad program, this result suggested the need of a corpus for study-abroad program evaluation. The opinion classifier of this study trained with the opinion corpus demonstrated a higher accuracy (83.5 percent) than the majority class baseline (70.9 percent).
‘Give it him and then I’ll give you money for it’. The dative alternation in Contemporary British English
Authors: Lorente Sánchez Juan
Published: May 2019

‘Dative alternation’ refers to a linguistic phenomenon related to ditransitive verbs, that is, verbs which take a subject and two objects referring to a theme and a recipient. In English, the phenomenon offers the possibility of alternation between a prepositional object construction (PREP), where the recipient is encoded as a prepositional phrase (give it to him), a double object construction (DOC), where the recipient precedes the theme (give him it) and an alternative double object construction (altDOC), where the theme takes precedence over the recipient (give it him), the latter constrained to dialectal usage. Even though this alternation has been extensively addressed in the literature, few studies have considered language-external factors in determining the choice of encoding. This paper analyses the distribution of ditransitive forms in competition in contemporary British English from a twofold perspective, shedding some light on the distribution of these variants across time, along with the study of PREP, DOC and altDOC in relation to their sociolinguistic dimension. The corpus used as source of evidence is the British National Corpus, a 100-million-word collection of both written and spoken language from a wide range of sources.
Investigating the impact of structural factors upon that/zero complementizer alternation patterns in verbs of cognition: a diachronic corpus-based multifactorial analysis
Authors: Shank Christopher , Plevoets Koen
Published: May 2019

This corpus-based study examines the diachronic development of the that/zero alternation with nine verbs of cognition, viz. think, believe, feel, guess, imagine, know, realize, suppose and understand by means of a stepwise logistic regression analysis. The data comprised a total of (n=5,812) think, (n=3,056) believe, (n=1,273) feel, (n=1,885) guess, (n=2,225) imagine, (n=1,805) know, (n=1,244) realize, (n=2,836) suppose and (n=3,395) understand tokens from both spoken and written corpora from 1580–2012. Taking our cue from previous research suggesting that there has been a diachronic increase in the use of the zero complementizer form from Late Middle / Early Modern to Present-day English, we use a large set of parallel spoken and written diachronic data and a rigorous quantitative methodology to test this claim with the nine aforementioned verbs. In addition, we also investigate the impact of eleven structural features, which have been claimed to act as predictors for the use or presence of the zero complementizer form for ‘panchronic’ (i.e. effects are aggregated over all time periods) and diachronic effects. The objectives of this study are to examine the following: (i) whether there is indeed a diachronic trend towards more zero use; (ii) whether the conditioning factors proposed in the literature indeed predict the zero form; (iii) to what extent these factors interact; and (iv) whether the predictive power of the conditioning factors becomes stronger or weaker over time. The analysis shows that, contrary to the aforementioned belief that the zero form has been on the increase, there is in fact a steady decrease in zero use, but the extent of this decrease is not the same for all verbs. In addition, the analysis of interactions with verb type indicates differences between verbs in terms of the predictive power of the conditioning factors. Additional significant interactions emerged, notably with verb, mode (i.e. spoken or written data) and period. The interactions with period show that certain factors that are good predictors of the zero form overall lose predictive power over time.
The Strategy of Community Empowerment for Bunggu Isolated Tribe in the Mamuju District
Authors: Amrin Amrin , Sahabuddin Chuduriah , Baharuddin Sitti Mujahida , Farida Umi , Yusriadi Yusriadi
Published: May 2019

The implementation of the development is intended for the prosperity of the people; the application is carried out thoroughly to the remote areas to reach areas inhabited by isolated tribes. Empowering isolated tribes communities aims to improve welfare through structuring the settlement environment of the population of the isolated community so that they can get out from the shackles of his alienation. Separate community empowerment strategies are carried out by realizing the four elements of community empowerment: inclusion and participation, access to information, a capacity of local organizations, and professionalism of empowering actors.
Alleviating Poverty Through Islamic Microfinance: Factors and Measures of Financial Performance, and Roles of Islamic Values and Financial Policies
Authors: Ginanjar Adhitya , Kassim Salina
Published: May 2019

Indonesia has a strong presence of microfinance sector with the number of Islamic Microfinance Institutions (IMFIs) estimated to be around 5,000 currently. Microfinance is an effective tool in alleviating poverty in Indonesia due to the limited access to financial services by the poor who accounted for approximately 96 million Indonesians (or 37% of the total population), living on less than USD 1.90 a day. In the absence of collateral and steady income, the poor are considered too risky to be given credit facilities by the formal financial services providers and living in remote areas has also limited their access to formal financial services. This study aims to examine the poverty alleviation efforts from the perspective of the IMFIs in view of their direct involvement in the process and having rich information about financial issues facing the borrowers. The managers also understand about financial inclusion agenda as well as financial guidelines and regulations issued by the relevant authorities. A total of 34 managers of Baitulmaal Wa Tamwil (BMTs), which registered under the Sharia Cooperative Centre (INKOPSYAH) are taken as respondents from the Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi (JABODETABEK) areas. The first instrument was a survey questionnaire, and the second one was an in-depth interview to outline data related to the model design. The findings of this research are expected to contribute to better decision-making for the BMTs to further enhance its role in alleviating poverty. The findings also elaborate several dimensions to improving financial inclusion among the poor including providing financial services, implementing Islamic principles, significant policies, community-based framework concept and training financial education. This research highlights the need for a variety of strategies to warrant success of poverty alleviation efforts by BMT.
Asset Utilization and Company Performance
Authors: Herdinata Christian
Published: May 2019

This study examines the expropriation that occurs in asset utilization due to tunneling. This study aims to examine the effect of asset utilization on company performance. This study used a sample of 130 companies in Indonesia to examine the effect of asset utilization on company performance. This research uses simultaneous equation model with Three-Stage Least Square tech- nique. The results showed that asset utilization has a positive and significant effect on company performance. The result of the research shows that asset utilization which is managed and well controlled has influence to improve company performance.
Studi Perbandingan Return Saham Perusahaan Perbankan dan Perusahaan Pertambangan di Bursa Efek Indonesia
Authors: Wahyuningtyas Endah Tri , Anugraini Mardiyah
Published: May 2019

This research was conducted to answer investors’ doubts in investing their capital in the stock market, the large number of stock sectors offered in the stock market made investors have to analyze properly before deciding which sector of the stock promises the greatest profit and has the best growth. In this study the author tries to compare between the stock returns of the banking and financial sector in Indonesia securities. And the results of the research can be concluded that the stock returns of banking companies are based on capital gains higher than mining companies.
Analisis Pengaruh Fundamental Makro dan Fundamental Mikro Terhadap Struktur Kepemilikan, Kinerja Keuangan, dan Nilai Perusahaan pada Badan Usaha Milik Negara yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia
Authors: Hwihanus Hwihanus , Ratnawati Tri , Yuhertiana Indrawati
Published: May 2019

This study aims to examine and analyze the relationship between the variability of mu- tuality micro fundamental, macro fundamentals of ownership structure, financial performance, and the value of companies in State-Owned Enterprises listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Re- search population at 20 State-Owned Enterprises listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange. This research method uses purposive sampling with 12 companies in 2010–2015. Data analysis of techniques in this study using Partial Least Square consists of Inner model, Outers model and Weight relation. The test results showed that all hypothesis testing was accepted which showed significant effect with 5% level with t-table 1,960 and rejected macro fundamentals to firm value with t-statistic 0,666262 (H5) and micro fundamentals of company value with t-statistic 1,188469 (H6) and ownership structure on the financial performance of the company with t-statistics 0.953625 (H7).
Prosperity Through Sexuality: A study of Outdoor Sexual intercourse as a Ritual in Kemukus Mountain Sragen Central Java
Authors: Wahyudi Agus
Published: May 2019

This research was conducted to find out how the actors interpret the ‘Ngalap Berkah’ execution of ritual sexual intercourse on Mount Kemungkus, as well as what their expectations of the ritual. This research is descriptive research using qualitative methods. Symbolic interaction theory of the main shaft into Helbert Blummer in this study. The results of this research show that the perpetrators ‘Ngalap Berkah’ know of any sexual relationship during the ritual.  They assume that by performing these sexual relationships, their wishes can be easily reached. The results obtained after performing the ritual of the ‘Ngalap Berkah’ can be either a business or work more smoothly, though on the other hand there are also yet to get the results of the ritual.
Perilaku Pemilih Menjelang Pemilu 2019
Authors: Fauzi Agus Machfud
Published: May 2019

Perilaku pemilih menjadi daya tarik tersendiri dalam proses kontestasi perpolitikan nasional 2019.  Pada awal perjalanan perpolitikan di Indonesia ia menjadi rebutan berbagai Ideologi yang diperbolehkan menjadi peserta Pemilu pada tahun 1955. Tarik menarik antara partai politik membuat pemilih merespon dan menyikapi tersebut. pada Orde Lama pemilih bebas menentukan pilihan sesuai dengan orientasi politik yang didianut. Bergeser ke Orde Baru pemillih terbatasi pilihannya karena yang diperbolehkan hidup hanya dua partai politik dan golongan karya. Hadirnya Orde Reformasi membuka kembali pilihan warga yang membuat perilaku pemilih mengikuti perubahan zaman. Menyongsong Pemilu 2019 perilaku pemilih lebih menarik lagi diperbincangkan sebab dinamika menyertai.
Societal Security and Human Development: An Indonesian-Islam Perspective
Authors: Effendi Yusli -
Published: May 2019

In contemporary global politics, apparently Islam has become synonymous with conflict, instability, and violence. These negative labels in minds of many people reinforce the perception that Islam remain not to correlate with, even hinder, the quest for world’s peace, security, and human development, the sixteenth goal of SDGs.  This paper aims to explore how Islam explains and understand human security by discussing Islamic values particularly on the concepts of societal security and sustainable development based on Indonesian Islamic society experience with special reference to Malang city. Reassessing how Islam serves as ideational factor for protecting people, this paper is an effort of enriching human security by incorporating religious paradigm, in particular Indonesian Islam, as an alternative paradigm in developing better understanding of the subject and development discourse.
The Lost Art of Clinical Skills
Authors: Uddin Khwaja Nazim
Published: May 2019

Abstract not available

Birdem Med J 2019; 9(2): 102-105
A Rare Case of Swyer Syndrome
Authors: Afsana Faria , Pathan Md Faruque , Shelly Shamshad Jahan
Published: May 2019

Swyer syndrome is caused by abnormal sex differentiation during the embryonic period, resulting in incomplete intrauterine masculinization and undifferentiated gonads. The present case report describes a patient with Swyer syndrome associated with gonadoblastoma. At age of 16 years, this patient reported with primary amenorrhea at Gynae Department of the BIRDEM general Hospital. A physical examination revealed that the patient was at Tanner stage 4 with respect to axillary hair, breasts and pubic hair; she had normal vagina and a small cervix. As her examination findings revealed normal, she was referred to Endocrine outpatient (OPD) for further evaluation. Her karyotyping revealed 46XXY, abdominal ultrasonography revealed adnexal tumor in both sides. On laparotomy, complex tumor was found in both adnexal regions and both ovaries were resected and histopathology revealed gonadoblastoma. The patient was subjected to subsequent chemotherapy. She was treated with a combination of estrogens and progestogens to induce cyclical bleeding, which she discontinued after 3 years. She was lost to follow up for 16 years and again reported to endocrine OPD with irregular menstrual bleeding. Presence of any residual gonadal functional tissue was searched both biochemically and by imaging and the result was negative. Her menstruation was stopped by progestogens and which later on withdrawn successfully without any further onset of menstruation. In conclusion, this report describes an extremely rare case of Swyer syndrome with gonadoblastoma and spontaneous menstruation after a long period of discontinuation of hormone replacement treatment.

Birdem Med J 2019; 9(2): 174-176
Answer to Medical Quiz: Images Vol 9(2)
Authors: Uddin Khwaja Nazim
Published: May 2019

Abstract not available

Birdem Med J 2019; 9(2): 181
Outcomes of Myringoplasty In Underlay Technique
Authors: Razzak Md Abdur , Murshed KM Mamun , Sobhan AKMA , Harun Md Abdullah Al , Imtiaz SM Nafeez
Published: May 2019

Background: Myringoplasty is one of the surgical techniques for the management of chronic suppurative otitis media with permanent perforation of tympanic membrane. It is defined as simple surgical repair of tympanic membrane perforation without doing ossicular reconstruction.

Objective: To determine the success rate of myringoplasty and to examine whether the hearing improvement is a potential indication for surgery.

Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital from January 2017 to December 2017 and 100 patients who underwent myringoplasty in this period were analyzed. A total of 100 patients with dry central tympanic membrane perforations of various sizes were included in this study.

Results: Myringoplasty was performed in total of 100 patients. Male were (45%) and females were (55%). Twenty one (7%) of them belonged to age group of 10-20 years, 31 (31%) were in the age range of 21-33 years, 38(38%) were the age range 31-40 years while 24 (24%) aged between 41-50 years with mean age of 26.32 ±S.D 9.59 years. Overall success rate of graft uptake was noted in 88 (88%) out of 100 cases.

Conclusion: Myringoplasty is a safe surgical procedure in achieving intact tympanic membrane and to improve the hearing loss. Therefore, underlay technique being technically simple should be preferred, but the ultimate decision about the technique to be employed depends on the surgeons preference and the site of perforation.

J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, December 2018, Vol.10(2); 99-102