bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problems Confronted By EFL Teachers in Applying The Communicative Approach in Iraqi Secondary Schools (2002 – 2013)
Authors: Abdul – Kareem (MA) Nataq Taha Abdul
Published: March 2021

Since the academic year 2002–2003 , English language teaching in Iraq has adopted the communicative approach . This means that speaking skill is at the forefront of English teaching practice which has led to a focus on communicative ability and appropriateness of language use , over linguistic accuracy and error avoidance .

      This study aims at eliciting EFL teachers' views concerning the optimal number of students and the groups in each class , the optimal number of students in each group , and discussing the group work , the criterion of group structure , error correction , teacher's role , student's role , the large number of students in each classroom , the serious shortage of school buildings , the instability of syllabuses designed according to this approach and the distribution of marks . In this study , open and closed questionnaires were used as investigatory instruments . Furthermore , the questionnaires were supplemented by oral interviews . Finally , relevant recommendations are made .
Description of boats and ships in the poetry of Farzadq and Jarir and Bashar
Authors: Mahmood Assit. Prof. Abdul Muttalib
Published: March 2021

This research studies describe three poets were: Farazdaq and Greer and Bashar ibn Burd, for ships and sailboats in their poetry, and only recorded on them, in spite of the fame of the purposes of the lattice head of the sub-mission did not receive this description, including interest from before us to study the texts of poetry, etc. can be detected from the variation in the description of the process of creativity and this mode of transportation, especially as it knew third was afflicted with blindness since birth. These poets of the three gave a description extemally for ships and sailboats predecessors other poets him, and followed by others in it, and gave them a description intemally'to his feelings and his feelings when riding was very creative, and it was a completely new .. and this is what we finished him in this research, we hope we have achieved what we wish him and this what we hoped to achieve
Parallel Narratives and the Question of Novelness in John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress: A Reading of its Genre
Authors: Mahdi / Ph.D. Instr. Amer Rasool
Published: March 2021

The present study attempts to probe into a genre reading of John Bunyan's The Pilgrim Progress as this is deemed as one of the founding texts in English letters. It thus tries to have Bunyan's work re-contextualised within the historical and formal debate of the rise of the novel and the very idea of Novelness. Within the framework and practice of novelness, it is proposed here that formal (generic) self-consciousness is pre-structured within the allegorical renditions of the human condition; these renditions are more likely to be seen as gearing toward being part of the pre- or parallel-history of the novel vis-à-vis the debatable norms of formal realism.
An Assessment of the Intermediate Level EFL Teachers Applied of the Techniques in Autonomy Learning
Authors: Mohammed Assist. Inst. Noor Fawzi
Published: March 2021

The present study aims at assessing EFL teachers' at intermediate level employment of the techniques in automatic learning. It hypothesized that EFL teachers at intermediate level don't employ the techniques that are related to autonomy learning. To achieve the aim of the present study a checklist in its final form has been administered twice by observer and co observer. Results obtained by statistical treatment of data have shown that, EFL teachers do not employ techniques of automatic learning. In the light of results, some recommendations and suggestions have been stated for further studies.
The Americanization of Film Subtitles: A Sociocultural Linguistic Perspective to Subtitling Translation in the Arab World
Authors: J. Juma (PhD) Muayyed , Ghaeb (PhD) Rafid Abdul-Ameer
Published: March 2021

One inevitable technique used by translators is to draw the author’s modes of thinking towards that of the reader as close as possible without paying much attention to the various aspects of meaning associated. This domestication technique has been criticized by Venuti (1995) for its denial of the visible role of the translator in his/her translated text. As a substitute, a translator might foreignize the reader’s modes of thinking and introduce him to that of the author. In parallel, a film subtitler is doomed to choose one of these preferences either to satisfy the target language audiences linguistically and culturally, or to impose on them the source language foreign structures and modes of thinking. The translator’s preference between these two techniques is not as clear cut as Venuti suggests. Factors such as the language distance between the SL and the TL, the translated text’s subject matter, the language dominancy, and the translator’s level of acquaintance with the various cultural facets of both the TL and the SL should also be taken into consideration in such preference.      This paper is an attempt to investigate the subtitling translation of the American films in the Arab world in terms of Venuti's dichotomy of domestication and foreignization. It is based on a case study which examined the Arabic subtitle of two American films; “The Aviator” and “The Departed”, and the English subtitle of the Egyptian Arabic film “Hassan wa Murkis”.
Psychological security and its relationship with to the University compatibility with the students of the College of Education at the University of Mustansiriya
Authors: Rezouki Prof. Dr. Abdul al-Hussein Majid , Al- Quraishi M.Dr. Atheer Aday Salman , Khudair M.Dr. Haider Lazim
Published: March 2021

The psychological security to one of the most modern world drives where increased research that addressed the importance and influence in a lot of  political and economic aspects, psychological, especially when university students who are the most important slides that have an important role in the construction of any society slice, man security is a human being capable of production and Dungeons against psychological tremors, personal understanding of university students is to assess the extent Daffiest and that is the most important security engines, as it is a key demand for compatibility, security is a human being who is capable of building successful relationships with others.

  Targeting current research into the psychological security measure and its relationship University compatibility among university students and prepared by (Sultan, 2002) eventually adapted to fit with the university students and which consists of (35) items of each paragraph five alternatives, also was adopted university compatibility-drafted measure (al-Janabi, 2008), which consists of (44) items each with five alternatives, as has been verified validity and reliability have been applied to a sample of 100 students and a student at the College of Education, Al-Mustansiriya University, where results showed that male safer than females and to the lack of clear differences in university compatibility between the gender.
The effectiveness of sequence of events styles by displaying ready made and instantaneous maps and timetables for the comprehension of historical concepts and the acquisition of sympathy towards them
Authors: Al-Fatlawi Assist. Prof. Dr. Suhaila M. K.
Published: March 2021

The percent paper  aims at investigating the effectiveness of using the styles of displaying the sequence of historical events by ready- made and instantaneous maps and time –tables for the comprehension of historical concepts by women students in the fourth grade of secondary schools , literary section , moreover , it studies the acquisition of sympathy by students with historical events and their characters , compared with the traditional method of teaching history.The study was conducted in a secondary school for women in the second directorate of Education , karkh Baghdad . three groups of the fourth class , Literary branch , were selected 4ed randomly distributed over (a) Experimental Group One , (b) Experimental group two and (c) the control group Data analysis showed the presence of statistically significant differences in the comprehension of the population of the experiment. These differences are attributed to the use of the two styles of displaying the sequence of events , on the hand , and the traditional method on the other  . The same conclusion was arrived at concerning the student's sympathy towards the historical events and characters. Results show that the differences are in favor of the students who learned by the sequence – of – events style used in the two experimental groups , as compared to the traditional method used in the control group.
Counseling Needs and Academic Ambition of University Students to those who are Living in the Dormitory and those who are not
Authors: Ramadan Assist. Prof. Dr. Hadi  Saleh , Sarhan Lecturer Dr. Genan Kahtan
Published: March 2021

The study aims at knowing the level of the counseling needs and the academic ambition in general according to the living variable (house, dormitory) of Kirkuk University students. To achieve the aims, two criteria are prepared. The first one is for the counseling  needs while the other is for the level of ambition adopted by the two researchers. After taking the output of honesty, stability, and the distinct ability of the criterion, it is applied on the sample of the main study which is chosen in a random formula from Kirkuk University colleges, the scientific and humanity ones. Its number is 300 male and female students who are classified on (8) colleges, four of them are for each scholastic specialization (scientific and humanity). After using the statistic means (the relative weight, the T value of one sample and for two independent samples, and Person's correlation coefficient), the study reaches the following important conclusions:

In general, Kirkuk University students have needs in the study field more than their needs in other fields according to their responses on the counseling needs criterion, then the psychological dimension.

Kirkuk University students who are living in the dormitory are in need to things more than those who are living at home in the study and psychological dimensions.

In general, Kirkuk University students have a good academic ambition level.

Kirkuk University students who are living in the dormitory are more ambitious than those who are living at home.

According to the conclusions above, the researchers recommend a number of recommendations and do some future studies.
La relación entre lo artístico de la poesía de Arseni Alexandrovich Tarkovski y las imágenes visuales de Andrei Tarkovski en la película El espejo.
Authors: Gaber Dr. Intidhar Ali
Published: March 2021

هذا العمل مخصص إلى مواضيع نظرية مطبقة على فلم المرآة للمخرج والكاتب الروسي تاركوفيسكي، فعمله يعدُّ نموذجًا جيدًا لدراسة العلاقات الفنية بين الفنون بشكل عام والثقافة المرئية للسينما الأدبية والتعبيرية بشكل خاص؛ لانَّ هذا العمل يجمع تقريبا كل الفنون (الموسيقى, الرسم, الشعر والصورة). الدراسة تشمل عرض عام لمشاهد الفلم، فضلًا عن تحليل البنائي لبعض الظواهر النظرية التي تظهر العلاقة بين الفنون سواء كانت  الفنون  هذه  طريق عن ثقدمالتعبيرية (الصورة الشعرية) أو الصورة  مرئية ( الصورة التصورية المرسومة او الصورة الفلمية) وكيف  يتمالتنسيق فيما بينها من خلال وسائط للغويه وفنيه وتقنيه تشير بطريقة أو بأخرى  الىاكيفراسس, ميتافورا,سينستسيا, متا ايماخن الى اخره.... التي تهدف إلى تهيئة  الجمهور للفيلم، والتي تثيرحالة معينه من الحماس أو بعض المشاعر الحقيقة
Historia d la Lengua Española Denominaciones Científicas y Populares de los Vientos
Authors: Ahmed M.M. Ibtihaj Abbas
Published: March 2021

من خلال عملي في الاطلس الاسبانيّ جذب انتباهي اسماء الرياح وتعدد معانيها واختلافها على مر الزمن. من خلال هذا العمل سنتمكن من معرفة  الاسماء الشعبية للرياح وتغير اسمائها من منطقة الى اخرى. يهدف البحث الى تبيان الاختلاف الكبير في اسماء الرياح من الناحية الدلالية والجغرافية اللغوية، وتبيان اصولها الاسماء اللغوية, وكيف تم تغييرها لغويا من اللاتينية حتى وصولها الى اللغة الرومانسية الحالية (الاسبانية) حيث نرى تعدد وجود اكثر من اسم  للريح  الواحدة، ويعود السبب الاول لتغير اسماء ارياح أولاً الى ترجمة الكلمة في الزمن القديم  من الاغريقية الى اللاتينية واستعمالها في كلِّ بلد حيث نرى كلمة مثل (νότος,  notos) وتغيرها من اللاتينية الى القشتالية، ومن القشتالية الى الكتلانية. السبب الثاني هو اختلاف تسمية بعض الكتاب لهبوب الرياح من منطقة الى اخرى مثلما اختلف اكليانو وكابله مولينا، حيث استعمل كلّ منهما مصطلحات مختلفة. ومن خلال البحث بيّنا أنّ الاسماء العلمية التي بقيت ثابته على مرِّ الزمن ولا تتغير، اما الاسماء الشعبية للرياح؛ فهي متغيرة من منطقة إلى أخرى. فقد كان السبب الاول والاخير في التنوع الكبير لكلمة الرياح هو اهمية الرياح في حياة الانسان.
Common English Syntactic and Pronunciation-related Errors Made by Trainee Simultaneous Interpreters
Authors: Mohammed Assist. Inst. Hala Ghanim
Published: March 2021

يسلط هذا البحث الضوء على الأخطاء النحوية واللفظية الانكليزية الشائعة التي يقوم بها متدربو الترجمة الفورية. إن معرفة هذه الأخطاء ستساعد مدّربي الترجمة للتركيز على هذين الجانبين اللغويين أثناء تدريس الترجمة الفورية. علاوة على ذلك، فإن المعرفة المسبقة لهذه الاخطاء المتكررة سيجنب متدربي الترجمة من خطر الوقوع مجدداً بتلك الأخطاء اثناء الترجمة الفورية.تناول هذا البحث الترجمة الفورية عامةً والأخطاء النحوية واللفظية المتكررة خاصةً. وذلك بالاعتماد على موديل المثلث للترجمة الفورية (The Triangular Model of Interpreting) ، ومن ثم تحليل عينات 96 متدرباً للترجمة الفورية. وتوصل البحث ان الخطأ النحوي هو الأكثر شيوعاً بين متدربي الترجمة الفورية، ويأخذ هذا الخطأ اوجه عدة مثل: الاستخدام  الخاطئ للضمير والأخطاء المتعلقة بالفعل و صيغة المجرد و الاستعمال الخاطئ للصفات وحالة تكرار الفاعل واخيراَ الترتيب الخاطئ للفاعل والفعل. اما فيما يتعلق بالأخطاء اللفظية فإنها احتلت المرتبة الثانية بنسبة الاخطاء الأكثر تكراراَ بين متدربي الترجمة الفورية وشملت كل من: التردد واللفظ الخاطئ للمفردة والتلعثم. الى جانب ذلك توصلنا إلى أن كمية الأخطاء التي يرتكبها متدربي الترجمة الفورية تعتمد على المستوى اللغوي للمتدرب وكفاءته  في اللغة الانكليزية وعلى مدى تأثره بلغته الأم.
Zakat of livestock in the book industry and the abscess writing Qudaamah Ben Jaafar
Authors: Khalif Dr. Hamid Abdul-Sahib
Published: March 2021

إنَّ الزكاة على المسلمين هو من أظهر محاسن الإسلام، لكثرة فوائدها، إذ يتحقق بها دفع حاجة الفقير، وتثبيت أواصر المودة بين الغني والفقير، لأنَّ النفوس مجبولة على حبَّ منْ أحسن إليها، وتطهير النفس وتزكيتها ، والبعد بها عن خلق الشح والبخل، وغير ذلك من الفوائد الكثيرة. والزكاة حق لله تعالى لا تجوز المحاباة بها لمن لا يستحقها؛ فإنّ الباعث لنشر هذا البحث هو النصح والتذكير بفريضة الزكاة ، التي تساهل بها الكثير من المسلمين فلم يخرجوها على الوجه المشروع مع عِظم شأنها. إنّ قدامة بن جعفر تحدث عن الزكاة مباشرة ، ولم يشهد على وجوبها بآية قرآنية أو حديث نبويً ، ولعل ذلك جاء من أنّ الزكاة احد اركان الاسلام وان وجوبها اصبح من الامور البديهية لكل مسلم لا ينكرها، لم يبين لنا قدامة شروط زكاة الابل، وانما ابتدأ مباشرة في ذكر النصاب ، وان مقدار زكاة الابل اذا بلغت النصاب، بحسب ما ذكره قدامة ، يكون من غير جنسها، اذ في كلَّ خمس من الابل شاة حتى تبلغ اربع وعشرين، وبعد ذلك يكون زكاتها من جنسها، وايده في ذلك كل من أبي حنيفية ومالك، والشافعيّ، والامام احمد، وابن حزم ، وإن الامامية خالفوا ذلك، ورأوا أنَّ في الخمس والعشرين من الأبل خمس شياه.
Moral philosophy of improving the educational system when structural Spencer Oriented to understand the moral upgrading of the educational system, mental
Authors: Khalaf Assist. Prof. Dr. Hisham Mohammed
Published: March 2021

Moral construction is to build a whole society through the education system if it is in the family, school and all the official beginning of the individual as he is responsible for himself and his family, including that of morality on the whole is the gain of the father or mother or family or community, or from everyone. If ( all the same, including earned hostage) that ensures for individuals to know what is the moral they construct, so this acquisition is of sound architecture basic principle here that the morality of the individual's behavior in itself and society, and the two could not have detract from the importance of each of them, it is a modern confused civil attributes and mergers and non-discrimination between humans Kid is in line with the reality of moral sense, until the evolution must be taking into account the educational system. If someone know a culture and level of moral community and the awareness that he wanted the community can ask for their reality educational regulars and family, and how this reality instilling in his people the values ​​and principles morality ?, sound morality is a reality as a result of that community who knew how to develop and elevating its members? and how it promotes good ethical practices? How is following his community in such practices as normal?, every manifestation of life sound constantly happening and choose the natural behavior that proved its validity experience in the community, it came to pass then choose to upgrade and develop the basic measure under the cultural evolution of the human being in a very serious matter in a very simple moral ground.
CT system act and the derivation formula Between classical and colloquial southern Iraq
Authors: Nasser Dr. Lahib Jasem
Published: March 2021

من المؤكد أنَّ هناك أنظمة تحتية تتحكم في أبنية المشتقات ، فالاشتقاق مرحلة لاحقة للمواد الأولية التي شكلته ، هذا ما تكشف عنه العادات المقطعية ، فهي فاعلة جداً قي صيغة الاشتقاق، وإذا ما انطلق التحليل اللغويّ منها استطاع أن يغير في كثير من أعراف التحليل الصرفيّ، هذا لا يعني أنّ التحليل اللغوي ذا الأسس المقطعية نهائي وتام بقدر ما يكشف عن اقتراب من عتبة العلمية، فمهما كان التحليل منطقيّ فإنّه يبقى قراءة جديدة للغة قديمة، لا نعرف عن لحظات ولادتها ما نستطيع ان نجيب بها عن سؤال: لماذا كانت العادة المقطعية؟

    ولمحاولة الإجابة عن فاعليّة النظام المقطعيّ في صياغة المشتقات بوصفه بنية أساسية يقوم عليها الاشتقاق ، والتعرف بموقع النظام المقطعيّ من الاشتقاق، ومدى إسهامه في صياغته؛ اعتمد البحث على منهج وصفيّ أفاد من اتخاذ العاميّة آلية تقيس مسافة التحول عبر مقاربتها من الفصحى، بالاستناد إلى النظام المقطعيّ.
The effect of hearing and measurement in enriching the child's lexicon
Authors: Nasser M.M. Ayat Ali
Published: March 2021

يعدُّ الكلام أبرز مظاهر تطور البشر وتفوقه على سائر مخلوقات الأرض، ولكي ينتج الكلام لابد من وجود اللغة التي تشتمل على عدد كبير من الرموز اللغوية، والتي تحتاج إلى علاقات ائتلافية معقدة ومتنوعة لا يتقنها إلا بنو البشر. وحتى يستطيع الإنسان التواصل مع غيره عليه أن يجمع ثروة من الكلمات ويخزنها في ذاكرته، وقد هيأ الله سبحانه وتعالى للإنسان وسائل تعينه على جمعها، ومن أبرز هذه الوسائل: السّماع والقياس. ولمّا كان السّمع أول الحواس التي يعتمد عليها الطفل للتواصل مع محيطه اللغوي واكتساب لغة قومه اكتسب السماع أهمية كبيرة تفوق القياس في إثرائه لمعجم الإنسان اللغوي، غير أنَّ ذلك لا يقلل من أهمية القياس؛ فمن المستحيل أن يسمع الإنسان كل صيغ اللغة وأساليبها المتنوعة.
The Creativity Literary of Gongora
Authors: Al-Rubaiee Assist Instructor: Ahmed Abdulrazzaq
Published: March 2021

يعد (غونغورا Gongora) واحدا من رموز الفن الادبي الاسباني ونموذجاً (لجيل شعراء 1927 في اسبانيا), خلال مسيرته الادبية كتب عدة  اشعار ومسرحيات ذات مواضيع تقليدية شعبية مكوناً في ذلك لوحة عن شخصيته الطيبة والغامضة يمتاز بأسلوب التصنع والبديع في الاعمال الادبية  وهذا واضح في عمله الموسوم (اسطورة بوليفيمو وكالاتيا la Fabula de Polifemo y Galatea)، وكذلك في عمله الموسوم (الخلوات las soledades)، الذي يصل فيها إلى قمة غموضه الشديد في (أسلوب الباروكو) .ان ذلك الغموض كان أسلوبا فنياً خاصاً بقصائد تلك المرحلة. كان ذا أسلوب فني وأحاسيس وذكاء حاد في الكتابة، الامر الذي جعل  البعض من أصدقائه ان يطلبوا منه أن يبدل أو يلغي بعض التراكيب اللغوية في أعماله وذلك لأسلوبه الادبي الغامض لقد كان غونغور واحدا من  الشعراء الاسبان الذين اسهموا بشكل كبير في "الكولتيرانيسمو: وهو تيار أدبي ظهر في عصر البارّوك الإسبانيّ ويستخدم الألفاظ النقيلة والاستعارات الخالصة والتلميح عبر الأساطير القديمة. ويعرف هذا التيار الجمالي أيضاً باسم "غونغوريسمو" نسبة إلى غونغور  الذي يعد واحدا من مؤسسي هذا التيار الادبي. ينقسم البحث على فصلين الاول يتناول السيرة الذاتية للشاعر واسلوبه الادبي  واعماله البارزة ,اما الفصل الثاني يعرض ال "غونغوريسمو" والبناء الادبي  لقصائده الشعرية الغنائية
Lattice tendency class and rebellion in the poetry of hope Donqol (analytical study -ffineh)
Authors: .sh. Mahmood Assit. Prof: Dr.luay
Published: March 2021

لا يستطيع الباحث الإحاطة بشعرية أمل دنقل ، إلا ّإذا ألمَ بحياة الشاعر التي اتسمت بـ(الحرمان ، الفقر ، القهر) ، والتي شكلت بمجموعها  (الرفض) الذي أفضى إلى التمرد ؛ وذلك لان شاعرنا مسكون بهاجس التميز الذي يتوق للبحث عن شكل يضمن للقصيدة وظيفتي : ( الإمتاع والإقناع )، الإمتاع : المستند إلى النحت في جسد اللغة ، وما تزخر به من عناصر جمالية وثقافية متنوعة ، والإقناع : المدعوم بإيمان عميق بجدوى الشعر وقدرته على تحقيق التواصل ، والدفع بالوجدان الجماعي الذي يسمو إلى تحقيق سمتي : ( الاختراق والاحتراق ) ، الاختراق : لحجب الزمن ، ومن ثم الاحتراق إبداعا ليشكل الشاعر –أمل دنقل- نصه ، وليؤسس عن طريقه ما يدفئ مفاصل المجتمع الذي أصابه الوهن ، فضلا على نار الحركية للارتقاء إلى عالم الطهارة ليستحيل الاحتراق اختراقا.
The traffic jam in the main streets of Baquba city
Authors: Ahmed Dr.saeed Fadhil , Mohamed Dr.wisam Metib
Published: March 2021

Suffers city of Baquba, Diyala province, which occupies the central part of eastern Iraq Center, the appearance and the growing problem of traffic jam in the streets president since shortly after the 2003 increase this problem year after year with the continuous increase of the number of cars and the survival of the road network on the same .The aim of this research to study the causes of the problem of traffic jam in the city of Baquba, effects and consequences of it and the means to tackle the problem and measures or mitigate them adopted. Find descriptive approach, and follow the researchers approach field to get data and information search through included a questionnaire (80) of motorists in the city and through tours field researchers in the streets of the city, in addition to a review of the relevant departments of the problem. The research has come to the results of the most important that some official procedures relating to the organization of traffic in the streets of the city have had the most impact on this phenomenon, in addition fundamental development that has led to the emergence of the problem is the rapid and massive increase in the number of cars after 2003, with the main streets network survival the city intact and undeveloped and the increased capacity of, and provide search some proposals to address the problem
Achievement of contemporary Iraqi philosophical thought Muhsin Mahdi and Hussam AL-Alwsi As Models
Authors: Musa Dr.Hadeel Saadi
Published: March 2021

Thispaper aims at introducing the Iraq achievements of philosophical thought to the Iraqi                                                                      and Arabic readers as well as presenting the Philosophy branches generations and activities exclusive in Iraq . This paper is divided in to 3 sections .  

          1-philosophicol activities of the generations in philosophy branches.                                                                                                     2-Philosophical achievements of Dr.Muhsin Mahdi (1926-2007).                                                                                                     3-Philosophical achievements of Dr. Hussam Al-Awsi(1934-2013)

Then the conclusions and references.
Spatial investigation of Ground water in Al-Bassiya Area (District) and Deternination for use agriculture
Authors: Thamir Dr. Mohammad Bahjat
Published: March 2021

The research aims to study The Spatial Variation of Ground Water in al-bsia district , slman township in al-muthana governorate and their validity for agrarian irrigation . the research contains the study of characteristics Quality and chemical of ground water in the study area . it's (hydrogen Electrical wiring Calcium ion , Sodium ions , Potassium ions, Potassium ions, Nitrates Magnesium ions . the result of Analyses for quality characteristics showed that the average of (ph) reached (7.5) . differences--values of turbidity in the wells of the study area reached between (73-323) and unit (NTu) at a rate of (207.3) a unit. The value of the electrical wiring Ec ranged between (280-6216) micromose / cm and at a rate of (916.4), while values ranged (PH) between (02/08 to 04/06), and when compared to those values of the parameters and standards permitted, we find that all of the sites did not exceed the reason for this is the lack of contribution of industrial activity in the study area. The chemical properties of the groundwater showed a variation in the values from one place to another. the average of sulfate ions(34.9) (so4) . either the average of nitrate ions reached (no3) (5.3) whille the average rate of becarbonate reached (.2) and the average of chloride ion (cl) reached (16) The evaluation of ground water for agricultural purposes proves that (2.81%)of the water of the wells selected falls under the classification (excellent) while (17.4%) falls under the classification of ( permissible) which means that it is permitted to use such water for irrigation. And ( 60.8%) of them falls under the classification (good) which means that such water is good for irrigation.
The Evolution of Economic acftivity in Zanzibar during the reign of Sayyid Said bin Sulton for (1856-1832)
Authors: Abed Dr. Muslih Mohammed
Published: March 2021

The Research tackles the economic Situation in Zanzibar for4 the Period (1856-1832) the Duration of the rule of Mr.Said bin Sultan on east Africa. It represents the actual and direct Omani rule Over the Political entities Scattered along the east Coast of Africa under the control of a Unified central government after Mr. Said was taken from Zanzibar his Capital in 1832 of ter that he became the actual ruler of east Africa.
The Effect of Using The Algorithmic Charts in Achievement and Contemplative Thinking among Intermediate Stage in Mathematics
Authors: Haider Assist Teacher  Mohammed Abbas
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the research is to know the effect of using the algorithmic charts on the achievement and contemplative thinking of the intermediate stage in mathematics, these two null hypotheses have put to confirm the goal of research :

There is no statistical indication on the level of (0.05) between the scores’ average of the experimental group students, who have been taught the suggested material according to using the algorithmic charts, and the scores’ average of the standard group students, who have been taught the same material according to the usual method in the achievement test.

There is no statistical indication on the level of (0.05) between the scores’ average of the experimental group students, who have been taught the suggested material according to using the algorithmic charts, and the scores’ average of the standard group students, who have been taught the same material according to the usual method in the contemplative thinking.

      This research sample consist (66) students of the first intermediate stage from Mohammed Baqir Al Sadir school for boys, which goes under the supervision of Holy Karbala directorate of education / the city center, for the year of  (2015 – 2016). The students have been divided into two groups (experimental and standard), have been rewarded according to the variable of (chronological age counted by months, intelligence, previous achievement in mathematics, testing the previous information in mathematics, and testing the contemplative thinking). The experimental group which consist of (34) students was taught according to using the algorithmic charts, as for the standard group which consist of (32) was taught according to usual method.

      Two multiple choice tests have been prepared, one is an achievement test of (40) paragraphs, and the other is a contemplative thinking test of (20) paragraphs. The validity and reliability have been confirmed according to the difficulty factor, discrimination force, and the effectiveness of the wrong substitutes for both tests.

      The experiment was applied in the second semester of  )2015 – 2016(, then applied the achievement test and contemplative thinking test and came up with the following results after collecting and statically analyzing the data.

      There is a difference of statistical indication in the level of (0.05) between the scores’ average of the experimental group students, who have been taught the suggested material according to the algorithmic charts, and the scores’ average of the standard group students, who have been taught the same material according to the usual method, and in favor of the experimental group in the achievement and contemplative thinking tests
Impact of the British Occupation on Qadiani Emergence in India(1888-1908)
Authors: Jirjees Dr. zinah harith
Published: March 2021

In Southeast Asia, witnessed  India Important historical events during the time of the British occupation of the country, which represents  the British East India Company, the British government began to follow a policy to weaken the  Muslims rulers of India  through a divide and rule among the Indian people .The Government worked to bring Hindus to support to them on the one hand the deployment of the band among Indian Muslims by creating sects and religious difference stray, and sow doubt in the minds of Indian Muslims in their faith and religion,The British government to implement its plan by showing personal Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Qadiani where they worked for his encouragement and support to bring out a new doctrine known as Qadiani.
The historical dialectic between the ideal Hegel and material Marx A comparative study
Authors: Othman M.M. Kifah Ali
Published: March 2021

The dialectic or (Controversy) is one of the most important subjects of controversy around several times. We find in Plato, Aristotle included different meanings, each according to his philosophy and that's what I've ever had in this first section.Dialectical returned by Hegel to acquire new meaning and deep Velsvs still so far used contemporary philosophers, Alhegela The debate is an experience of a special kind, absolute perfect experience trying to track the transformations first, "Powell This was the second topic.The same approach dialectical Hegel but away from materialism and idealism purely related to Marx this approach, explaining "the history and progress of color shifts and society Kan physical style derives its strength through the study of economic phenomena, and that's what we'll find in the third section.

Alhegela controversy is that movement uptrend, from the fact that the mobile world to the fact top and be named this transition more and more comprehensive.

Marx has adopted downside controversy Hegel but purely material formulations format denied the perfect and absolute accounts Valtnaqs Marx is designed to detect sources of continuous movement and the evolution of the physical world. Bringing to us clearly differentiate between two contradictory dialectics of Hegel and Marx Diaketal, although the first is the origin of the second generator.
The Use of Allusions in T. S. Eliot’s The Waste Land
Authors: Alkafaji (Ph.D.) Assist.Prof. Saad Najim , Marzoog Othman Abdullah
Published: March 2021

The research summarizes the use of allusions and tries to reveal the hidden meanings and reasons behind their use. It starts with T. S. Eliot’s frame of mind, through an example of advice to a follower. Moreover, it traces the development of his mind along his life. The following part is Eliot and his respect to tradition then how he stands on the shoulders of old writers to produce new ideas. Also myth and Eliot’s use of it in his poetry to represent, compare, contrast, and reconcile the past with the present. In the depth of the research stand allusions and their use in the “Waste Land”; the bits of the broken culture. The allusions divided into classical, biblical and literary according to the type of the reference of the allusion. In the end the conclusion gathers the findings of the reseach.
The most important physical and natural manifestations in Shintoism religion
Authors: Mejbel M.M .Ahmed Humaid , Mejbel M.M. Ahmed Rashid
Published: March 2021

The cosmic manifestations characterized by beauty and great scenery cause a catalyst to move the religious feeling when you follow some religions, Vantage his admiration for these appearances, which move in the Doakhlhm delinquency toward enjoy it and thanks and praise it and then it developed thereafter until they thought that these manifestations of the lives and hearts of analogy to them spirits and souls of these spirits and enemy forces lurking behind the appearances by a hand that gives them these appearances that liked it Vtqrbwa worship and offerings and enemy goddess or expressing these gods.
The Relationship Between Spatial Ability And The Physical Structure of concepts to The Students of The College of Education for Pure
Authors: Mustafa Prof  .Dr. Fudwa Abbas
Published: March 2021

The research aims to identify the relationship between spatial ability  and the physical structure of concepts to the students of the Faculty of Education for Pure Sciences / Ibn al-Haitham، research involved students from the third class / morning study for the year 2011/2012  totaling (98) male and female students ،distributed into three groups which were selected randomly . The number of students (26 males and females)  represented research sample after excluding repeaters and absentees، the research included two tests ; one test of spatial ability، which included (20) items and other test the physical structure of concepts، which included (12) items distributed into four domains ، the first (linking between concepts) included (4) items and second (putting concepts on the map) included (3) items and the third (complete the map) included (3) items and the fourth (building the structure of the  map) included (2) items ، were built on according to the approved controls and after applied to a sample of the research and using appropriate statistical methods show that the level of spatial ability of students high and statistically significant، while the level of the physical structure of concepts acceptable and non-statistically significant also show that the relationship is negative and very weak between the variables of the research.
The Motivations of using the university youths' for the local Accents in Social Medias (A survey study for the Ibn Al-Rushd College students Baghdad University)
Authors: Al-Daghestany Dr. Fatin Ali
Published: March 2021

The current study aims to investigate the extent that the university youths' search for the local accents in the social medias and to know the reasons and motivations behind it. This is achieved by determining the local accents' importance, along with its roots and trying to specify the size of its employment in the social medias. The sample of the basic educational college of Ibn Al-Rushd in Baghdad University is the scope of our current study.
The equivalent strategy in the achievement of chemistry material and emotional intelligence for the fifth grade students of bio-scientific
Authors: Mohammed Dr. Anwar Abbas
Published: March 2021

The research aims to reveal the effectiveness of equivalent strategy in the achievement of the chemistry material and emotional intelligence for students’ fifth grade. The sample of the research consists of (28) students from fifth grade science bio in junior high thankful for Boys, of the Directorate of Education BAGHDAD - Al-Karkh II. The Students are divided between two divisions evenly, Division of (a) a control group which studied according to ordinary method, and the Division (b) It is the experimental group which studied according to the same strategy. Use tests Mann - Whitney (j) of the two independent samples equal to analyze the data. Search results have shown statistically significant differences between the two groups in the academic achievement of chemistry and emotional intelligence differences, and in favor of the experimental group that studied according to the same strategy.
Educational bag in the art of crochet and effectiveness in the development of handicrafts skills
Authors: Rzuqi Assist. Inst. Baidaa Anwar
Published: March 2021

Modern technology, including educational bags has a role in increasing the efficiency of teaching and learning through various levels of students' skills and reflects a new idea that is set in easy way. The study aims to ((prepare educational material handicraft in the art of crochet bag, as well as identify the impact of the instruction in the development of the bag for second grade students’ average skills. And the researcher to build an educational portfolio in the material handicrafts to teach students the art of crochet through the booklet educational steps, as well as disc CD where everything related to the art of crochet steps as well, and formed the research sample of 48 female students and the use of the test Altaia (t) researcher found that there are very effective in teaching the students the art of crochet.
Psychological and social Harmony Among adults: A study field in adolescents care house in Sulaymaniyah
Authors: Abdullah Assist. Inst. Qoestan Ali
Published: March 2021

It is worth mentioning that the disintegration of Iraqi family due to poverty and losses of lives due to wars, violence and persecution Iraq has undergone led to several cases of child deprived of one of the parents or both that led many families to put their children in adolescents care houses or orphanage, a responsibility that used to be taken care by relatives in the past. The study population comprises 23 orphan adolescents (8 females and 15 males) who live in an adolescents care house in Sulaymaniyah. The main results as shown in table 12 is that there are a significant difference at 0.01 level in total scores of adjustment among groups where the F value was 5.48 to differentiate significance among means then calculate the absolute value of difference among means which showed the following:

a) the are significant differences at 0.05 level between mean scores of adolescents group in care house and those of adolescents in educational aspect.   

B) Between mean scores of adolescents there are significant difference between adolescents who receive no care and the mean scores of adolescents who receive no care.

c) There are significant differences between mean scores of adolescents who receive no care and the mean scores of adolescence who receive care at care house which are in favor of adolescents who receive no care compared to those who are under care house institution. The differences among care house group mean scores were not significant.

d) It is obvious that there are differences in the self-concept among adolescents under different care types, in favor of orphans who live under the care of extended family and receive a special program compared to adolescents under care house.

e) The study showed that a child needs siblings who develop with him and share family life, each member of the family has his own role in participating in his personality development and growth and un preparing him for integration and interaction with society.
Fundamental rules relating to child freedom (Thinking and expression - play) model
Authors: Al - Jmor Assis. Prof. Dr. Perjeen Abdul Rahman , Sedeek Assis. Prof. Dr. Rana Salah
Published: March 2021

This research includes a fundamental study of the evidence of the freedom of the child in the Qur'an and what is correct in the Sunnah, by stating the fundamental rules that apply to this evidence, all in two axes: Thinking and expression. The second: play .

The research was divided into three section:

The first is to identify the Vocabulary of the title and the relevant terms

Second: Fundamental rules relating to the freedom of the child to think and express

Third: Fundamental rules relating to the freedom of the child to play

The Fundamental rules relating to the freedom of the child to think and express in this research were nineteen bases, and that relating to the freedom of the child to play were fifteen bases. All of which prove that Islam and its legislation have brought compassion, respect and appreciation to every human being, especially the child, and called for respecting the freedom and rights of the child, and urged this in various ways, unlike those who claim to have practiced  Arbitrariness and Narrowing of children .

We concluded the research by mentioning the results we reached through this study.

O God Make this work an argument for us on the day we meet you, and do not make it an argument on us . Glory be to God and praise, witness that   There is no god but You, We are sorry and repent to you and our last prayer that praise God, Lord of the World .
The feminine features in Ebtesam Abdullh’s stories: Incense as Selected Sample
Authors: Saed sahib PhD Assit. Prof. Dr. Suhad , Ismail PhD Inst. Mohamed Anwer
Published: March 2021

Feminism in the world has passed through many intellectual and ideological movements and different theories. It has also been effected by some writers and thinkers like John Stewart and others, but it became prominent in literature and fine arts . Thus, literary texts express women expectations in life and society and introduce the most important women issues in regarding liberty and defending her humanistic and social rights in addition to her historical struggle to be on equal with the man. This research discusses the feminine features in the literary works of the novelist  ( Ebtesam  Abdullh) especially in her story collection  (incense). The novelist has presented woman issues, especially Iraqi women issues, during the war period. The novelist adopted a set of issues that the woman is interested in like masculine dominance and freeing women from men’s control. Furthermore, the novelist talked about body, love and freedom by using expressive language and a splendid artistic style.
"A Spatial of incident and its representation of the verb: A Semantic Study of the place"
Authors: Hu- Mahawi Dr. Mohammed
Published: March 2021

The present paper deals with viewing the relationship between tenses and place in terms of attached and dis attached of the verb. The philosophical researches reflect the thread of movement of time and its variables in a relation to space of place. Tenses are only variables that attached to the cases of places in which can be only semantically attribute to the roots of verb in Arabic from linguistic point of view, due to the findings of phonetics and collocation.
“Lat” Between Literal and the Verbal With Abu Hayan Al-Andalusi -Question for Discussion-
Authors: Al-Timimi Instructor Nahida Ghazi Alwan
Published: March 2021

This is an old issue upon which linguists are not agreed. Some linguists consider “lat” as on active letter like “Ina”, and others consider it as on active verb just like “Laisa”. Other disputation is whether “Lat” is used especially in negation of time or whether it is a compound. The research presents the views of scientists about “lat”, its work, and its adjustments. It’s an issue which made the scientists hesitate including Abu Hayan Al-Andalusi who announced it as being a verb once and a letter another time. He didn’t give any clear judgment about it to solve this dispute which exists to our recent time.
Evaluating the English Textbook for the 6th Stage of Preparatory and Secondary Schools
Authors: Mahdi Musa Assist. instructor: Hasan
Published: March 2021

Abstract:

     Although textbooks maintain an important role in the EFL context, their sovereignty on teaching has been challenged and the belief that teachers can blindly rely on them has been questioned. Textbook evaluation has become a necessary practice in the field of teaching, seeking to assist in the choice of the best suitable book for a specific context, promote teachers’ awareness on the actual contents of a book and facilitate them to make necessary adaptations. The present study investigated the suitability of the textbook used for 6th stage of preparatory and secondary schools. The results of the study suggested that the strengths of the book could be identified in areas of organization, thematic content and inclusion of all the language skills. However, the problematic areas related to authentic language, integration of skills, nature of tasks and materials for assessment. We need to evaluate textbooks for helping the teacher or program developer in making decisions on selecting the appropriate textbook. Furthermore, evaluation of the merits and demerits of a textbook will familiarize the teacher with its probable weaknesses and strengths. This will enable teachers to make appropriate adaptations to the material in their future instruction.
Semi-Liberty System Investigation in Iranian and French Law
Authors: Golduzian Iraj , Reza Mirzajani Hamid , Eghtedari Samaneh
Published: March 2021

The semi-liberty system was first established in French law and accepted in Iranian criminal law before Islamic Revolution Laws. In 2013, it was proposed in Islamic Penal Code with regard to detention policies and reducing the number of criminal cases. The semi-liberty system is one of the borderline penalties and it is moderate for crimes considered. In this case, the perpetrators are reformed in these crimes and they demand corrective actions based on middle legal sanctions. The mentioned item is one of the manifestation principles of individualizing punishment. The gradual progress of the convicted person is included in its working schedule. It has agreed with his/her liberty. This system gives an identity to criminal people to avoid him from labeling. It also gives job and family stability for convinced. It is matched to criminal justice response based on criminal status. And finally, it reduces the criminal costs. The purpose of the execution of punishments is reforming the criminal person. The jurisprudential foundations are not in conflict with the implementation of punishments with regard to demanding of the criminal person reforming and reducing the harmful effects of imprisonment on convicted person, his family and society. The privative liberty is minimized based on international documents. They develop liberties before the deadline and items including the mid-liberties. Finally, this item tries to create at least distance between the community and the convinced person and obtain the most benefit for society with regard to implementing this system. This study investigates the system of semi-liberation in Iranian criminal policy and French law.
The attitude of the Arab League from the Arab Spring Revolutions in North Africa.
Authors: Shallal Al-Mehdawi Instructor  Faisal
Published: March 2021

Arab League position form a milestone of the revolution in the Arab region, especially in North Africa, was unsatisfying, blurred and hesitant in its direction to what is called variables (revolutions of the Arab Spring).  The paper is divided to four axes and the conclusions presented. the first axis deals with the Arab League's position on the revolution in Tunisia, e second axis is on the position of the Arab League in the revolution in Egypt occur, and the third axis is the Arab League's position on the revolution in Libya, finally, an analytical vision on the Arab League's position on the Arab revolution in North Africa is elaborated.