bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implicit Surface Reconstruction via RBF Interpolation: A Review
Authors: Shou Huahao , Mo Jiahui , Chen Wei
Published: July 2021

Background:

Implicit surface is a kind of surface modeling tool, which is widely used
in point cloud reconstruction, deformation and fusion due to its advantages of good smoothness
and Boolean operation. The most typical method is the surface reconstruction with Radial Basis
Functions (RBF) under normal constraints. RBF has become one of the main methods of point
cloud fitting because it has a strong mathematical foundation, an advantage of computation simplicity,
and the ability of processing nonuniform points.

Objective:

Techniques and patents of implicit surface reconstruction interpolation with RBF are
surveyed. Theory, algorithm, and application are discussed to provide a comprehensive summary
for implicit surface reconstruction in RBF and Hermite Radial Basis Functions (HRBF) interpolation.

Methods:

RBF implicit surface reconstruction interpolation can be divided into RBF interpolation
under the constraints of points and HRBF interpolation under the constraints of points and corresponding
normals.

Results:

A total of 125 articles were reviewed, in which more than 30% were related to RBF in
the last decade. The continuity properties and application fields of the popular global supported
radial basis functions and compactly supported radial basis functions are analyzed. Different
methods of RBF and HRBF implicit surface reconstruction are evaluated, and the challenges of
these methods are discussed.

Conclusion:

In future work, implicit surface reconstruction via RBF and HRBF should be further
studied in fitting accuracy, computation speed, and other fundamental problems. In addition, it is a
more challenging but valuable research direction to construct a new RBF with both compact support
and improved fitting accuracy.
Concentration of Droplets from Patients during Normal Breathing and Speech and Their Importance in Protection from Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Infection
Authors: Mimura Tatsuya , Noma Hidetaka , Matsumoto Koichi , Kawashima Makoto , Kitsu Kazuma , Itoh Erina , Horikawa Hiroaki , Mizuno Yoshinobu , Watanabe Emiko , Mizota Atsushi
Published: July 2021

Purpose:

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been declared a pandemic and the number of infected individuals and deaths continue to increase globally. COVID-19 is transmitted through airborne droplets formed during coughing and sneezing and from the saliva of infected patients. Medical healthcare workers are often at risk of infection. This study measured the aerosol derived from the droplets of patients during the conversation.

Methods:

Overall, 25 patients aged 21 to 87 years were enrolled. The amount of droplets from the patient was measured under the following four conditions: 1) no conversation with the mask on; 2) conversation with the mask on; 3) conversation without the mask; and 4) no conversation without the mask. Particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) and PM with a diameter of 10 μm or less (PM10) were measured as representative aerosols at a position of 1 meter from the patients.

Results:

The concentrations of PM2.5 (µg/m3) were as follows: 22.7 ± 10.2 before the conversation with the mask, 24.2 ± 10.2 during the conversation with the mask, 32.3 ± 14.7 during the conversation without the mask, and 23.1 ± 9.9 after the conversation without the mask. The concentrations of PM10 (µg/m3) were as follows: 39.8 ± 18.2 before conversation with the mask, 41.9 ± 18.5 during conversation with the mask, 55.5 ± 27.2 during conversation without the mask, and 40.4 ± 17.8 after conversation without the mask. The variations in the PM2.5 and PM10 correlated negatively with the age of patients (PM2.5: r = -0.51, p = 0.0009 and PM10: r = -0.53, p = 0.0063).

Conclusion:

Wearing a mask can prevent airborne droplet formation and reduce transmission of infection.
MiR-147: Functions and Implications in Inflammation and Diseases
Authors: Lin Ling , Hu Kebin
Published: July 2021

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs (19~25 nucleotides) that regulate
gene expression at a post-transcriptional level through repression of mRNA translation or mRNA
decay. MiR-147, which was initially discovered in mouse spleen and macrophages, has been
shown to correlate with coronary atherogenesis and inflammatory bowel disease and modulate
macrophage functions and inflammation through TLR-4. Altered miR-147 level has been shown in
various human diseases, including infectious disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative
disorder, etc. This review will focus on the current understanding regarding the role of
miR-147 in inflammation and diseases.
Prognostic Implications of microRNA-155, -133a, -21 and -205 in Breast
Cancer Patients’ Plasma
Authors: Raghu Aarthy , Magendhra Rao Arunagiri Kuha Deva , Rajkumar Thangarajan , Mani Samson
Published: July 2021

Background:

Breast cancer, being a heterogenous disease at the intra-tumoral and intertumoral
levels, presents challenges in following the progress of the disease. Tumour-secreted aberrantly
expressed miRNAs obtained from peripheral blood represent a non-invasive alternative resource
for detecting and monitoring the development of the disease. This study evaluates the expression
of miR-155, miR-133a, miR-21 and miR-205 as non-invasive, prognostic and follow-up
markers for breast cancer.

Methods:

Plasma expression levels of miR-155, miR-133a, miR-21 and miR-205 were measured
using real-time PCR in breast cancer patients (n=63) at presentation, healthy controls (n=25), and
in post-treatment samples of 31 patients. A meta-analysis was performed using 43 studies identified
from PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus databases. Hedge’s g values were used to calculate
the overall effect size.

Results:

Plasma miR-21 levels were higher in breast cancer patients at presentation compared to
controls, while no difference was observed for miR-155, miR-133a and miR-205. These results
were further supported by the meta-analysis. The altered levels of miR-155 during tamoxifen treatment
indicated a potential role for miR-155 in monitoring treatment response. Further, high expressions
of at least three miRNAs correlated with poor overall survival in the breast cancer patients.

Conclusion:

Plasma levels of miR-155, miR-133a, miR-21 and miR-205 may be useful as prognostic
and follow-up markers for breast cancer with further validation in a large cohort of patients.
Optimized Rod Size Design of Denim Fabric Grinding Robot Based on
Improved Cuckoo Search Algorithm
Authors: Wang Wenjie , Chen Congcong , Cao Yuting , Xu Jian , Wang Xiaohua
Published: July 2021

Background:

Dexterity is an important index for evaluating the motion performance of a
robot. The size of the robot connecting rods directly affects the performance of flexibility.

Objective:

The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of optimal design methods from
many pieces of literature and patents, and propose a new optimal design method for ensuring the robot
completes its tasks flexibly and efficiently under workspace constraints.

Methods:

The kinematics and working space of the robot are analyzed to determine the range of
motion of each joint. Then, a dexterity index is established based on the mean value of the global
spatial condition number. Finally, an improved cuckoo algorithm is proposed, which changes the
step size control factor with the number of iterations. Taking the dexterity index as the objective optimization
function and the working radius as the constraint condition, the improved cuckoo search
algorithm is used to optimize the size of the robot rod.

Results:

The improved cuckoo algorithm and proposed rod size optimized method are fully evaluated
by experiments and comparative studies. The optimization design process shows that the proposed
method has better solution accuracy and faster convergence speed. The optimized design results
show that the robot's dexterity index has increased by 26.1%.

Conclusion:

The proposed method has better solution accuracy and faster convergence speed. The
method was suitable for optimizing the rod parameters of the robot, and it was very meaningful to
improve the motion performance of the robot.
FEA modeling of orthogonal cutting of steel: a review
Authors: Jula F.C. , Galle T. , De Waele Wim , Borzan M.
Published: July 2021

Orthogonal cutting is probably the most studied machining operation for metals. Its simulation with theFinite Element Analysis (FEA) method is of paramount academic interest. 2D models, and to a lesserextent 3D models, have been developed to predict cutting forces, chip formation, heat generation andtemperature fields, residual stress distribution and tool wear. This paper first presents a brief review ofscientific literature with focus on FEA modelling of the orthogonal cutting process for steels. Following,emphasis is put on the building blocks of the simulation model, such as the formulation of the mechanicalproblem, the material constitutive model, the friction models and damage laws
Stress update algorithm for non-associated flow metal plasticity
Authors: Safaei Mohsen , De Waele Wim
Published: July 2021

. In this paper we present the continuum plasticity model based on non-Associated Flow Rule (nonAFR) for Hill’s48 quadratic yield function. In case of non-AFR, Hill’s quadratic function used as plasticpotential function, makes use of plastic strain ratios to determine the direction of effective plastic strain rate.In addition, the yield function uses direction dependent yield stress data. Therefore more accuratepredictions are expected in terms of both yield stress and strain ratios at different orientations. Weimplemented a modified version of the non-associative flow rule originally developed by Stoughton [1] intothe commercial finite element code ABAQUS by means of a user material subroutine UMAT. The mainalgorithm developed includes combined effects of isotropic and kinematic hardening [2]. This paper assumesproportional loading cases and therefore only isotropic hardening effect is considered. In our model theincremental change of plastic strain rate tensor is not equal to the incremental change of the compliancefactor. The validity of the model is demonstrated by comparing stresses and strain ratios obtained from finiteelement simulations with experimentally determined values for deep drawing steel DC06. A criticalcomparison is made between numerical results obtained from AFR and non-AFR based models.
Modal analysis and testing of rotating machines for predictive maintenance: effect of gyroscopic forces
Authors: Vansteenkiste A. , Loccufier M. , Vervisch B. , De Baets P.
Published: July 2021

Through the year’s preventive maintenance, which is based on vibration measurements hasgrown in importance to reduce costs. However in industry nowadays there is still a great need for goodanalytical prediction models that describe the dynamics of rotating structures. In this paper it is first shownhow to build a model for for undamped gyroscopic systems. Secondly the model is analysed and used tomake a parametric study for the design a test rig. It is found that the third and the fourth eigenfrequencychangein function of the rotation speed due to the gyroscopic effect. Finally the experimental modal testingof rotating structures is discussed. The methods to excite a rotating structure in order to obtain the modalparameters are studied.
A review of the tribological performance on polymers filled with inorganic particulate fillers
Authors: Rodriguez V. , Sukumaran J. , Perez Delgado Y. , De Baets P.
Published: July 2021

There are many technical applications in which friction and wear are critical issue. Polymers are often filledwith particulate materials to enhance the tribological behaviour and a physical and mechanical property aswell. The composites made with such fillers are amenable to common molding processes unlike fiberreinforced composites which makes them economically. A lot of studies on the tribological behaviour offilled polymers have been made. The representative results from such studies are presented in this paper.New developments are still under the way to explore other fields of applications for these materials and tomodify their properties for more extreme loading and environmental temperature conditions. Inorganicparticles are well known to enhance the mechanical properties of polymers, which has been extensivelyinvestigated in the past. It has been found that particle size plays an important role to improve somemechanical properties such as toughness and stiffness. The mechanism of the improvement in wearbehaviour is discussed by referring to the transfer film characteristics such as texture, uniformity andthickness as well as bonding to the counterface surface.
A review on water lubrication of polymers
Authors: Sukumaran J. , Rodriguez V. , Perez Delgado Y. , De Baets P. , Ando M. , Dhieb H. , Neis P.
Published: July 2021

Water lubrication for polymers which is an economical solution has not been completelyreviewed from the qualitative perspective. A comparative study on water lubrication of polymers helpsto understand the fundamental aspects of tribology relevant to the different applications. The use ofwater as a lubricating material has been effective after the development of phenolic resins, further towhich the advancements in thermoplastics has increased the water lubrication to a greater extent.Most of the researches on water lubrication of polymers reported a positive frictional character anduncertain wear behavior on comparing with air and oil lubrication. From the existing literature inpolymer tribology with different parameters such as contact pressure, velocity and composition ofmaterials there is a lack of knowledge in understanding the mechanism involved during the wearprocess for water lubrication. Moreover, connection between the mechanical properties of polymerunder wet condition relating to the water lubricated polymers could give appropriate results oftribological behavior. Exploring the tribo-mechanical characteristic in wet condition aids to chooseappropriate material for water lubricated applications.
On-line and post-mortem wear measurement of static counterpart in a ball-on-disk test
Authors: Perez Delgado Y. , Bonny K. , De Baets P. , Rodriguez V. , Neis P. , Sukumaran J. , Malek O. , Vleugels J. , Lauwers B.
Published: July 2021

this paper presents an experimental evaluation of friction coefficient and wear of WC binderlessceramics. The tests were conducted at room temperature and atmospheric conditions according to theASTM G99-95a standard. Silicon carbide (SiC) balls were used as static counterpart. The tests wereperformed at a rotating sliding speed of 0.3 m/s and an initial mean Hertzian contact pressure of 1.9 GPa.The disk specimens were surface finished by grinding. On-line monitoring and post-mortem analysis withtwo independent techniques, i.e., surface profilometry and optical microscopy, were used to elucidate thetribological characteristics of the studied material. Results of the post-mortem measurements werecompared to a geometrical wear model for calculation of the volume of the worn cap of the ball. Thiscalculation appeared to be in good agreement with the on-line wear monitoring. The first 100 m of slidingwas identified as running-in period. Beyond a sliding distance of 100 m a steady stage in penetration depthwas reached, while a higher fluctuation in friction coefficient was observed, which could be attributed to theinteraction with wear particles and simultaneous formation and delamination of debris layer, polishing andabrasion.
Contact mechanics in fretting fatigue
Authors: De Pauw J. , De Baets P. , De Waele W. , Hojjati R.
Published: July 2021

This paper studies the contact mechanics in a line contact during fretting fatigue conditions. Inliterature one can find numerical and analytical solutions of normal and tangential stresses for a variety ofloading cases. However, a unified solution valid for all loading cases during fretting fatigue conditions is notavailable. We present in this paper a strategy to combine existing contact mechanics theories into a unifiedcalculation procedure. Therefore, the relevant contact mechanics theories for an idealized cylinder-on-flatcontact are selected and bundled. Two clear flowcharts group the existing theories, which results in aunified strategy that can easily be implemented in a programming language. A Matlab script wasprogrammed and calculates the normal and tangential stress distribution based on the applied forces, thegeometry of the contact, the coefficient of friction and the material properties. The present theory can beused to automate the calculation of the stress distributions, or as validation of new numerical techniques.The script is modular and can be extended to calculate the lifetime of a component, by adding lifetimecriteria.
Bodies and self-disclosure in American female confessional poetry
Authors: Bonasera Carmen
Published: July 2021

Far from being a mere thematic device, the body plays a crucial role in poetry, especially for modern women poets. The inward turn to an intimate autobiographical dimension, which is commonly seen as characteristic of female writing, usually complies with the requests of feminist theorists, urging writers to reconquer their identity through the assertion of their bodies. However, inscribing the body in verse is often problematic, since it frequently emerges from a complicated interaction between positive self-redefinition, life writing, and the confession of trauma. This is especially true for authors writing under the influence of the American confessional trend, whose biographies were often scarred by mental illness and self-destructive inclinations. This paper assesses the role of the body in the representation of the self in a selection of texts by American women poets—namely Sylvia Plath, Anne Sexton, Elizabeth Bishop, Adrienne Rich, and Louise Glück—where the body and its disclosure act as vehicles for a heterogeneous redefinition of the female identity.
Pre-service primary school mathematics teachers’ beliefs on mathematics assessment
Authors: Tamba Kimura Patar , Cendana Wiputra , Adegbite Adegoke
Published: July 2021

Assessment is an important component in learning mathematics. The practice of mathematics assessment is influenced by teachers' beliefs about the assessment. This study aims to explore the beliefs of primary school mathematics teachers regarding mathematics assessment. The research used quantitative research methods using survey methods to 71 prospective elementary school mathematics teachers. Confidence data regarding mathematics assessment was collected using closed and open questionnaires based on a framework of productive beliefs and unproductive beliefs. Data from closed questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Meanwhile, open questionnaire data were analyzed using deductive coding method based on productive and unproductive beliefs. The results showed that prospective elementary school mathematics teachers held mixed beliefs in mathematics assessment. On the one hand, it can be said that the beliefs of prospective elementary school mathematics teachers regarding mathematics assessment tend to be contradictory. These results imply the importance of an attempt to intervene in the beliefs of prospective elementary school mathematics teachers regarding mathematics assessment. Thus, assessment practice can lead to productive assessment, which is to encourage meaningful mathematics learning.
Implementation of multicultural education through Sasambo Dance at the University of Mataram
Authors: Widodo Arif , Nursaptini Nursaptini , Erfan Muhammad
Published: July 2021

The risk of conflict on a multicultural campus is huge. Not a few conflicts between students who are motivated by cultural problems. Conflict prevention efforts can be done through multicultural education. One of the multicultural universities in Indonesia is the university of Mataram. This study aims to describe the implementation of multicultural education at the University of Mataram. The unit of analysis in this study is students of elementary school teacher education programs. This research is important to do considering the diverse cultural backgrounds of students. Students are always faced with cultural diversity within the university. This research was designed in the form of qualitative research. The approach used is ethnographic. The main problem examined in this study is how to apply multicultural education in PGSD study programs. The results of the study revealed that in implementing multicultural education in PGSD study programs using a local wisdom approach. One of them is through the Sasambo dance. Sasambo dance is a dance created by Sasak, Samawa, and Mbojo tribes. Sasambo dance is made an icon of PGSD. Each student is required to learn and take the meaning of the dance. The values contained in the Sasambo dance are the spirit of unity, cooperation, and equality. This dance illustrates the spirit of unity and equality of the three main ethnic groups in the province of West Nusa Tenggara. Through the Sasambo dance students are taught that each ethnic group has the same position. Mutual respect and respect for differences is the key. The implementation of multicultural education is important. Prospective elementary school teaching students in the future have a very important role in instilling the value of diversity of character in elementary schools.
Замещение фосфора на поверхности InP(001) при отжиге в потоке мышьяка
Authors: Дмитриев Д.В. , Колосовский Д.А. , Федосенко Е.В. , Торопов А.И. , Журавлев К.С.
Published: July 2021

We report experimental study of the transformation of the epi-ready InP(001) surface during annealing in an arsenic flux. Using the RHEED method, it was shown that an InP1−xAsx layer is formed on the surface. The amount of arsenic substitution for phosphorus at different annealing temperatures was determined, which is 7% at an annealing temperature of 480◦C and increases to 41% with an increase in the annealing temperature to 540◦C. The annealing time has little effect on the degree of substitution.
Модификация структурно-морфологических свойств германия в многослойной нанопериодической структуре Al-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-/Ge с промежуточными слоями Si при отжиге
Authors: Байдакова М.В. , Берт Н.А. , Давыдов В.Ю. , Ершов А.В. , Левин А.А. , Смирнов А.Н. , Cокура Л.А. , Сресели О.М. , Яссиевич И.Н.
Published: July 2021

Multi-layered nanosized Al2O3/Ge/Si structures manufactured by electron-beam evaporation and annealed at a temperature within the range 700−900◦C are examined using transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. The periodic structure with a good layer planarity is confirmed to retain after heat treatment up to 900◦C. At an annealing temperature above 700◦C, nanocrystallites with a bimodal size distribution start to form within initially amorphous Ge layers, the mean size of small crystallites being determined by Ge layer thickness and annealing temperature. An essential loss of Ge from multi-layered structure after 900oC anneal and development of Ge1−x Six solid solution with x up to 0.07 in the nanocrystallites is revealed.
Влияние внутренних оптических потерь на генерацию стимулированного излучения в среднем ИК диапазоне в волноводных гетероструктурах с квантовыми ямами HgCdTe/CdHgTe
Authors: Уточкин В.В. , Дубинов А.А. , Фадеев М.А. , Румянцев В.В. , Михайлов Н.Н. , Дворецкий С.А. , Гавриленко В.И. , Морозов С.В.
Published: July 2021

We study two heterostructures with an array of 10 HgCdTe/CdHgTe quantum wells, grown within a single technological series and designed to generate stimulated emission (SE) in the 20 – 30 µm wavelength range. In the more short-wavelength structure we obtain SE at the wavelength λ ~ 23.9 µm at 10 K, while no SE was obtained in the more long-wavelength structure. We calculate optical absorption in passive layers for both structures and show it to be higher in the more long-wavelength structure. Finally, we consider several ways to minimize absorption influence on SE generation.
Легированный кремнием GaSb, выращенный методом ГФЭМОС в широком диапазоне соотношений V/III
Authors: Левин Р.В. , Власов А.С. , Пушный Б.В.
Published: July 2021

Charachterization of Si-doped GaSb epitaxial layers grown by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy is presented. Samples are grown at constant SiH4 flow with a TMSb/TEGa ratio ranged from 1 to 50. X-ray diffraction, Raman scattering, photoluminescence, resistivity, free carrier concentration and their mobility are studied.
Флуктуации электронной плотности и фазовый переход в α-титане
Authors: Повзнер А.А. , Волков А.Г.
Published: July 2021

It is shown that the topological features of the electronic structure of α-titanium lead to the appearance of temperature-induced fluctuations of the electron density, which disappear near the temperature of the phase transition from the hcp (α-phase) to the bcc (β-phase). The experimen-tally observed linear temperature increase in the magnetic susceptibility in the beta-phase and its jump during the transition to the β-phase are described. The considered fluctuation pattern de-scribes a sharp decrease in the electron entropy and softening of the longitudinal phonon modes associated with the electron-ion interaction. It is shown that the temperature of the phase transition in α-titanium depends on the position of the Fermi level, which can be changed by introducing impurities.
Solvent-Dependent Thermoelectric Performance of PC-=SUB=-70-=/SUB=-BM
Authors: Rastegaralam M.
Published: July 2021

Based on the electrophysical and structural data, a crystallophysical model of the ionic transport in superionic conductors Ba1-xLaxF2+x and Ca1-xYxF2+x (space group Fm¯3m), in which the charge carriers are mobile interstitial ions F− resulting from heterovalent substitutions of fluorite fragments of [M14F64] (M = Ca, Ba) by structural clusters of [M8R6F69] (R = La, Y). Single crystals of Ca1-xYxF2+x (0.02<x<0.16) and Ba1-xLaxF2+x (x = 0.31) solid solutions were obtained by directed crystallization of the melt. The mobility of ionic carriers in isostructural superionics Ba0.69La0.31F2.31, Ca0.84Y0.16F2.16, Pb0.67Cd0.33F2, and Pb0.9Sc0.1F2.1 are compared. Crystals of Ba1-xLaxF2+x and Ca1−xYxF2+x with improved conductometric and mechanical characteristics are promising active to replace the traditional CaF2 electrolyte in galvanic cells for thermodynamic research of chemicals.
Особенности спектральных характеристик различных структурных модификаций Lu-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=-RE-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-BO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-
Authors: Шмурак С.З. , Кедров В.В. , Киселев А.П. , Фурсова Т.Н. , Зверькова И.И. , Постнова E.Ю.
Published: July 2021

The structure, IR absorption and luminescence spectra of the microcrystals of Lu1-xEuxBO3, Lu0.99-xTbxEu0.01BO3, and Lu0.99−xYxEu0.01BO3 orthoborates (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25) synthesized at 970°С were studied. An increase in х leads to a sequential change of the structural state of the orthoborates. At х ≤ 0.07 – 0.09, the compounds form a solid solution with the calcite structure and microcrystal size of 8 – 20 µm. Then, they become two-phase: the vaterite phase arises along with the calcite structure. At х ≥ 0.2 – 0.25, the entire bulk of a sample has the vaterite structure. A correspondence between the structure and spectral characteristics of these compounds was established. Luminescence spectra were investigated at different wavelengths of exciting light. This allowed obtaining information on the structure of a near-surface layer and the bulk of microcrystals of the investigated samples. It is shown that the vaterite phase arises both in the bulk of large microsrystals (8 – 20 µm) and in the form of small microsrystals (1 – 2 µm).
Кристаллы, активированные ионами Cr-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=-, как перспективные материалы для лазерного охлаждения твердых тел
Authors: Асатрян Г.Р. , Кулинкин А.Б. , Феофилов С.П. , Хомченко А.С. , Петросян А.Г.
Published: July 2021

Исследована флуоресценция некоторых диэлектрических кристаллов, активированных ионами Cr3+, в условиях возбуждения в длинноволновом хвосте спектра поглощения ("режим лазерного охлаждения"). Хотя реальное оптическое охлаждение не наблюдалось, спектроскопические результаты и измерение температуры образцов свидетельствуют, что электрон-фононные полосы ионов Cr3+ представляют интерес для получения лазерного охлаждения. Ключевые слова: флуоресценция, диэлектрические кристаллы, лазерное охлаждение.
Ab initio и экспериментальное исследование колебательных свойств кристаллов TlFeS-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=- и TlFeSe-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-
Authors: Джахангирли З.А. , Велиев Р.Г. , Мамедова И.А. , Бадалова З.И. , Мамедов Д.А. , Мамедов Н.Т. , Абдуллаев Н.А.
Published: July 2021

The lattice vibrational properties of TlFeS2 and TlFeSe2 crystals have been studied experimentally using Raman scattering (RS) and infrared reflection (IR) light, as well as theoretically using density functional theory (DFT). The complete vibrational representation, based on the analysis of the factor site symmetry, contains 12 active Raman modes and 9 IR active modes. 6 RS active and 3 IR active modes of them for TlFeS2, and 4 RS active and 3 IR active modes for TlFeSe2 were experimentally detected and identified.
Широкополосная ЭПР-спектроскопия ионов Tb-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=- и Fe-=SUP=-2+-=/SUP=- в монокристаллах YAlO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-
Authors: Асатрян Г.Р. , Шакуров Г.С. , Ильин И.В. , Петросян А.Г. , Ованесян К.Л. , Дердзян М.В.
Published: July 2021

Методом широкополосной ЭПР-спектроскопии изучен кристалл YAlO3 с примесью железа. Обнаружено два типа парамагнитных центров. Энергетическая схема уровней одного из них представляет собой синглет и дублет с расщеплением между ними 215.2 GHz. Этот центр предположительно связан с ионом Fe2+. Второй центр идентифицирован как ион Tb3+, вошедший в кристалл как неконтролируемая примесь. Для каждого случая определена локализация примесного иона в кристаллической решетке YAlO3. В рамках существующей теории сделаны расчеты и определены спектральные параметры. Ключевые слова: широкополосный электронный парамагнитный резонанс, ортоалюминат иттрия, примесные центры, некрамерсовые ионы.
Tuning Magnetocaloric Properties for La-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=-Sr-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-CoO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-
Authors: Ahmed E.M. , Alamri H.R. , Elghnam S.M. , Eldarawi O. , Tawfik T.E. , Mahmoud A.M. , Elwan S.E. , Hemeda O.M. , Hamad M.A. , Hussein G.A.
Published: July 2021

Low magnetic field magnetocaloric (MC) properties of La1-xSrxCoO3 (x=0.3 and 0.5) near phase transition from a ferromagnetic to a paramagnetic state were investigated. It is shown that the change of Sr content allows MC effect in La1-xSrxCoO3 to be tunable, which is more practical for construction of MC refrigeration. MC properties of the x=0.5 sample are significantly greater than that of the x=0.3 one. Furthermore, the results show that MC properties of La1-xSrxCoO3 samples are significantly larger, and comparable with some MC properties of many materials like Gd1-xCaxBaCo2O5.5 and Ge0.95Mn0.05. Keywords: magnetocaloric effect, La1-xSrxCoO3, magnetic entropy change.
The VICTORY (Investigation of Inflammacheck to Measure Exhaled Breath Condensate Hydrogen Peroxide in Respiratory Conditions) Study: Protocol for a Cross-sectional Observational Study
Authors: Fox Lauren , Gates Jessica , De Vos Ruth , Wiffen Laura , Hicks Alexander , Rupani Hitasha , Williams Jane , Brown Thomas , Chauhan Anoop J
Published: July 2021

Background

More than 7% of the world’s population is living with a chronic respiratory condition. In the United Kingdom, lung disease affects approximately 1 in 5 people, resulting in over 700,000 hospital admissions each year. People with respiratory conditions have several symptoms and can require multiple health care visits and investigations before a diagnosis is made. The tests available can be difficult to perform, especially if a person is symptomatic, leading to poor quality results. A new, easy-to-perform, point-of-care test that can be performed in any health care setting and that can differentiate between various respiratory conditions would have a significant, beneficial impact on the ability to diagnose respiratory diseases.

Objective

The objective of this study is to use a new handheld device (Inflammacheck) in different respiratory conditions to measure the exhaled breath condensate hydrogen peroxide (EBC H2O2) and compare these results with those of healthy controls and with each other. This study also aims to determine whether the device can measure other parameters, including breath humidity, breath temperature, breath flow dynamics, and end tidal carbon dioxide.

Methods

We will perform a single-visit, cross-sectional observational study of EBC H2O2 levels, as measured by Inflammacheck, in people with respiratory disease and volunteers with no known lung disease. Participants with a confirmed diagnosis of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, bronchiectasis, pneumonia, breathing pattern disorder, and interstitial lung disease as well as volunteers with no history of lung disease will be asked to breathe into the Inflammacheck device to record their breath sample.

Results

The results from this study will be available in 2022, in anticipation of COVID-19–related delays.

Conclusions

This study will investigate the EBC H2O2, as well as other exhaled breath parameters, for use as a future diagnostic tool.
Assessment of the Readability of Web-Based Patient Education Material From Major Canadian Pediatric Associations: Cross-sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Man Alice , van Ballegooie Courtney
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

Web-based patient education materials (PEMs) are frequently written above the recommended reading level in North America. Poor PEM readability limits the accessibility of medical information for individuals with average literacy levels or lower. Pediatric hospital and association websites have not only been shown to be a preferred source of information among caregivers but have also become a necessity during the COVID-19 pandemic. The readability of Canadian pediatric association websites has not yet been assessed.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to determine if the content of PEMs from Canadian pediatric associations is written at a reading level that the majority of Canadians can understand.

METHODS

A total of 258 PEMs were extracted from 10 Canadian pediatric associations and evaluated for their reading level using 10 validated readability scales. The PEMs underwent a difficult word analysis and comparisons between PEMs from different associations were conducted.

RESULTS

Web-based PEMs were identified from 3 pediatric association websites, where the reading level (calculated as a grade level) was found to be an average of 8.8 (SD 1.8) for the Caring for Kids website, 9.5 (SD 2.2) for the Pediatric Endocrine Group website, and 13.1 (SD 2.1) for the Atlantic Pediatric Society website. The difficult word analysis identified that 19.9% (SD 6.6%) of words were unfamiliar, with 13.3% (SD 5.3%) and 31.9% (SD 6.1%) of words being considered complex (≥3 syllables) and long (≥6 letters), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The web-based PEMs were found to be written above the recommended seventh-grade reading level for Canadians. Consideration should be made to create PEMs at an appropriate reading level for both patients and their caregivers to encourage health literacy and ultimately promote preventative health behaviors and improve child health outcomes.
The Impact of Web-Based Physical Activity Interventions on Depression and Anxiety Among College Students: Randomized Experimental Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Murray Andy , Marenus Michele , Cahuas Ana , Friedman Kathryn , Ottensoser Haley , Kumaravel Varun , Sanowski Julia , Chen Weiyun
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

Depression and anxiety are growing issues for college students, with both aerobic resistance training and mindfulness yoga exercises known to be effective in reducing symptoms and severity. However, no known research is available comparing these 2 depression and anxiety interventions simultaneously and in a web-based environment.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to determine the effects of a web-based aerobic resistance exercise intervention (WeActive) and a web-based yoga mindfulness exercise intervention (WeMindful) on depression and anxiety symptoms in college students.

METHODS

The participants were 77 college students who anonymously completed a Qualtrics survey, including the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale and the Major Depression Inventory at baseline and after the intervention. Participants were randomly assigned to either the WeActive or WeMindful group and underwent two 30-minute web-based aerobic resistance exercise lessons or yoga mindfulness lessons per week for 8 weeks.

RESULTS

The results of analysis of covariance with repeated measures indicated that although not statistically significant, both groups showed a notable decrease in anxiety with a marginally significant main effect of time (F1=3.485; P=.07; η2=0.047) but no significant main effect of group and no significant interaction effect of time with group. The 2 intervention groups experienced a significant decrease in depression with the main effect of time (F=3.892; P=.05; η2=0.052). There was no significant main effect of group or interaction effect of time with group for depression.

CONCLUSIONS

College students in both WeActive and WeMindful groups experienced a significant decrease in depression symptoms and a decrease, although not significant, in anxiety as well. The study suggests that web-based WeActive and WeMindful interventions are effective approaches to managing US college students’ depression and anxiety during a pandemic.
Test This is a teest: (Preprint)
Authors: Account Developer
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

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OBJECTIVE

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METHODS

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RESULTS

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CONCLUSIONS

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CLINICALTRIAL

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Determinant Factors of the Chrysanthemum Consumers’ Willingness to Pay: Case of Pasopati Cultivar
Authors: Hidayaningtyas Puspita Dewi , Irham Irham , Utami Arini Wahyu
Published: July 2021

This study aims to: (1) determine the characteristics of chrysanthemum consumers in three cities in Java, namely Yogyakarta, Semarang and Surakarta, (2) compare the willingness to pay (WTP) of chrysanthemum consumers, especially Pasopati cultivar in the three cities, (3) analyze the determinant factors of the chrysanthemum consumers’ WTP. There is a total of 120 respondents who participated in this study, i.e., 40 in each city selected with accidental sampling. The consumers’ WTP was assessed using contingent valuation method, and its determinant factors was analyzed using multiple regression. The results showed that the majority of chrysanthemum consumers in the three cities were 17-25 years old, were female, held a bachelor degree, owned a job, were single and had no dependent. The value of wilingness to pay from the three cities shows higher results than the market price of IDR 30,000. The highest WTP value is in Semarang City and the lowest WTP value is in Yogyakarta City. Based on the results of the regression, the determinants that influence the value of WTP differ in each city, but income is a significant determinant in all cities. The value of willingness to pay chrysanthemum Pasopati cultivar can be used as a reference to set the selling price of chrysanthemum flowers. Chrysanthemum such as Pasopati cultivar in Indonesia, needs to be developed more by looking at the willingness of consumers to pay.
Economic Impact of Sugarcane in Inodonesia: An Input-Output Approach
Authors: Perwitasari Hani , Mulyo Jangkung Handoyo , Sugiyarto Sugiyaryo , Widada Arif Wahyu , Siregar Abi Pratiwa , Fadhliani Zaura
Published: July 2021

Sugarcane revitalization is both a challenge and an opportunity in Indonesia. Demand for sugar tends to increase from year to year that fulfilled by domestic production and imports. Thus, it is necessary to increase domestic sugarcane competitiveness to balance national sugarcane production and consumption. This study’s objectives were (1) to determine the forward linkage and backward linkage of sugarcane in Indonesia, and (2) to know the output, income, and employment multiplier. The linkages and multipliers of sugarcane were calculated by the input-output analysis of 66 sectors from 1975 to 2005 by Statistics Indonesia (BPS). Estimation values for 2010, 2015, and 2020 are obtained from the linear forecasting method. T-test was used to compare linkages and multipliers between sugarcane and the average of all sectors in the economy. The results showed that the backward linkage, output, and employment multiplier of sugarcane were lower than the average of all sectors in the economy. Besides, the forward linkage of sugarcane was equal, and the income multiplier was higher than the average of all sectors in the economy.
SIMVASTATIN-LOADED NANOCAPSULES REDUCE TNF-Α EXPRESSION IN RAT PERITONEUM AFTER INFUSION OF PERITONEAL DIALYSIS SOLUTION
Authors: BARONI GILBERTO , FERRONATTO MYLENA FERNANDA , CAMARGO GUILHERME DOS ANJOS , LYRA AMANDA MARTINEZ , RECHE PÉRICLES MARTIM , NADAL JESSICA MENDES , NOVATSKI ANDRESSA , LIPINSKI LEANDRO CAVALCANTE , VITOR FARAGO PAULO
Published: July 2021

Objective: Obteinment and characterizing polymeric nanocapsules of simvastatin (SV), and investigating their action in an experimental model of peritoneal fibrosis induced in a rat by the infusion of peritoneal dialysis (PD) solution.

Methods: Poly (ε-caprolactone) nanocapsules containing SV (NC-SV) were prepared by interfacial deposition of a preformed polymer. A suspension of nanoparticles with no drug was prepared as negative control. The average particle size and polydispersity index were measured by photon correlation spectroscopy. The morphological and surface evaluation of prepared nanocapsules was performed using field emission scanning electron microscopy. The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection method was used to evaluate the drug encapsulation efficiency. The release profiles of SV from polymeric nanocapsules were obtained by dialysis diffusion technique. The Animal Study was performed in a total of 48 male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) divided in four groups: Sham, PD group, SV group, and Simvastatin-loaded nanocapsules group (NC-SV). After 28 days, tissue samples were surgically removed from the abdominal to perform histological and immunohistochemistry analysis. The statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni test, or by Kruskal–Wallis.

Results: NC-SV presented suitable particle parameters with a mean particle size of 332 nm, and an encapsulation efficiency of 99.87±0.46%. The expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was significantly different in NC-SV group.

Conclusion: SV-loaded nanocapsules for controlled drug delivery were suitably prepared. This nanoformulation remarkable decreased the TNF-α tissue expression even at low SV dose in a chronic PD model.
COMPASSIONATE USE OF INVESTIGATIONAL DRUG DURING EMERGENCY CONDITIONS AND ASSOCIATED ETHICAL ASPECTS, CHALLENGES, AND BENEFITS
Authors: ASHIQUE SUMEL , KHATUN TAHAMINA
Published: July 2021

“Compassionate Use,” also known as expanded access, is a method by which patients with a life-threatening or seriously debilitating disease that has no satisfactory treatment alternatives can gain access to new drugs outside the context of a clinical trial. Compassionate use (CU) of unlicensed drugs serves the need of patients with the serious debilitating disease in the absence of alternative approved therapies. CU does allow limited access to new products currently in clinical trials. However, it must be remembered that there are strict guidelines to follow. As with any new drug-device or treatment, there are strict guidelines determined by the Food and Drug Administration and study sponsor, especially for CU. This article contains the use of an investigational drug in emergencies, which are the ethical aspects for getting approval, the major challenges in taking a compassionate drug, and the benefits for dying patients.
COMPARISON OF PREGABALIN AND NORTRIPTYLINE ON EFFICACY AND SAFETY IN POSTHERPETIC NEURALGIA
Authors: KHAJURIA KANIKA , GUPTA SEEMA , DOGRA DEV RAJ , KUMAR DINESH , KHAJURIA VIJAY
Published: July 2021

Objectives: Antidepressants and anticonvulsants are most commonly prescribed in postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy and safety of pregabalin and nortriptyline in patients of PHN.

Methods: The present study was conducted in 48 patients of PHN attending outpatient department of Dermatology, GMC Jammu. After obtaining written consent, the enrolled patients were randomized into two groups, one group was given pregabalin 150 mg orally per day, and other group was treated with nortriptyline 25 mg orally per day and were followed up to 8 weeks. Patients were assessed on numerical rating scale (NRS), Leeds assessment of neuropathic symptoms and signs (LANSS). Safety of the drugs was monitored by adverse drug reactions (ADRs).

Results: All patients were over 57 years and thoracic dermatome was most affected. Both drugs significantly reduced NRS and LANSS (p<0.0001). However, on comparison pregabalin was found to be better than nortriptyline at 8 weeks on mean NRS (p= 0.0073), LANSS (p=0.0032). Total of six mild ADRs occurred, two in group pregabalin and four in nortriptyline treated group.

Conclusion: Both pregabalin and nortriptyline were effective in patients of PHN, but pregabalin was found to be better than nortriptyline at 8 weeks. Both drugs were well tolerated, though pregabalin had lesser number of ADRs.
CRITICAL READING SKILL AND ITS IMPLICATION TO SPEAKING ABILITY IN MULTICULTURAL CLASSROOM
Authors: Widowati Diah Retno , Kurniasih Kurniasih
Published: July 2021

People need good background knowledge before they speak. The purpose of the present study was to discuss the implication of students’ critical reading skill to their English speaking performance in classroom activity. Researchers also would like to discuss the effect of multicultural atmosphere to students’ speaking skill. This study employed descriptive qualitative design to explain students’ speaking ability after they read. Therefore, students’ speaking ability could be mapped out after being stimulated by critical reading. The major finding of this study were the fact that reading and analyzing the texts was important for students before they speak. Gaining previous information before students speak made them feel more comfortable and be able to deliver or speak up their ideas better. Besides, the multicultural background of the students were not significantly affect their speaking ability. Yet, some students felt difficult in pronouncing ‘f’ in ‘of’, ‘v’ in very’, and ‘o’ in open’ correctly. This was because of their pronunciation habit in their homeland.
WHO ARE AMERICANS? ANALYSIS OF OBAMA AND TRUMP’S POLITICAL SPEECHES ON IMMIGRATION
Authors: Tinshe Sonia , Junaidi Junaidi
Published: July 2021

Immigration has been a crucial discussion in the American politics ever since the nation was still writing its constitution. Seeing how immigrants have shaped the American society, it is important to see how they are perceived, as minorities, by significant political figures, such as the president. The objective of this paper is to understand the ideology behind Obama and Trump’s political speeches about immigration, as well as its relevance to the political discourse and social context in America. Five political speeches from Obama (2009-2014), as well as two political speeches from Trump (2016-2017) are analyzed, as the primary data, using Critical Discourse Analysis, particularly Fairclough’s (1993) three-dimensional framework. The finding shows that Obama’s and Trump’s ideology on immigration is related with their idea of the immigrant’s identity in American society. It is shown through their word choice, such as pejorative adjective, and the theme related with the issue of immigration. Seen from the political discourse, the speeches are showing perceived superiority that the presidents have over immigrants. Moreover, from the social perspective, it dehumanizes and reduces the identity of immigrants.