bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Effects of Direct Payment Subsidies for Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture on Income of Rice Farmers in Shiga, Japan
Authors: Katrina Santos Danielle , Shimada Koji
Published: December 2019

This study will determine the economic effects of direct payment subsidies for Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture on income of rice farmers in Shiga Prefecture, Japan. It will specifically aim to: (1) analyze the effect of reduced chemical and fertilizer use on income and (2) come up with policy recommendation related to the implementation of direct payment subsidy. Environmentally-friendly agriculture has been promoted for over two decades as a response to the environmental challenges brought by climate change and biological loss. The Japanese government has endeavored to seek appropriate policies which reflect various environmentally-friendly farming practices such as organic farming and reduction of chemicals and fertilizers. The agro-environmental policy in Shiga is one of the earliest and most advanced in Japan. It aims to promote environmentally-friendly agriculture among farmers and to engage various stakeholders to protect the environment using the “Kodawari” slogan for Lake Biwa conservation and eco-farming. Rice as a staple food in Japan, this study will seek to address the notion that output and income of rice farmers receiving direct payment subsidies for agricultural inputs has not increased as evidenced by the study conducted by Kim (2014). In addition, chemical input is higher in Japan than most developed countries, this study will also aim to disprove the findings from the study conducted by Masuda (2016) that the current level of direct payment subsidy has only resulted to economic disadvantages in output for smaller environmental advantages. This study will contribute to the literature by analyzing an unexplored mandate of the direct payment scheme, particularly on the reduced use of chemicals and fertilizers, by explicitly determining the economic effects of the said program on income to determine how the gains from environmentally-friendly agriculture influence farmer’s decision to produce.Keywords: rice, direct payment subsidy, environmentally-friendly agriculture, income.
Cooperation Between a Port and Local Community In Light of Sustainable Development
Authors: Marzi Boris , Logožar Klavdij
Published: December 2019

Ports represent the starting and ending point of maritime transport. Representing the meeting points of cargo exchange between maritime and other means of transport, they are an indispensable part of transport-logistic chain. Port also have an important role in development of the surrounding/hosting area from economic, social and environmental aspect. In order to operate successfully, a port must work and act in accordance with sustainability – environmentally, economically and socially responsible. The article presents a case study of sustainable coexistence between an economic subject – cargo port and its natural and social surrounding. Examples of port process and operations improvements in light of sustainable development and harmony with local community will be presented.Keywords: port system, local community, sustainable development
Ethical Aspects of Sustainable Development in Polish Enterprises Transporting Animals for Slaughter
Authors: Budzik Anna , Budzik Tomasz
Published: December 2019

The issue of sustainable development is currently the subject of interest of researchers from many scientific fields. The idea of sustainable development includes the economy, the society and the environment. In the context of sustainable development, the subject of animal welfare is being increasingly regarded as essential. Ensuring animal welfare is now the key issue for public opinion, livestock farmers, animal rights organizations, entrepreneurs, transport companies and slaughterhouses. Animal welfare should be applied according to Five Freedoms, which are: freedom from hunger and thirst, freedom from pain and injury, freedom from physical discomfort, freedom to express normal behavior, freedom from stress and fear. The purpose of this article is to present the current state of awareness about ensuring animal welfare as an element of sustainable development on the example of Polish companies which transport animals to slaughterhouses. As a research method the authors used the survey method. The questionnaire was addressed to the owners of enterprises transporting slaughter animals and to drivers of these enterprises. The results found out that there is a serious need to change the operation of the transport system due to ethical aspects.Keywords: Sustainable development, animal welfare, animal transport, transport management
Citizens Inclusion in the Political Decision-Making Process as a Determinant of Sustainable Development Implementation
Authors: Kaszkur Alina , Kapsa Izabela
Published: December 2019

All efforts to involve the society in the affairs of local communities are an important aspect of the implementation of the principle of sustainable development. Citizen’s involvement in decision making processes not only positively correlates with their sense of action, but also affects the quality of decisions made by public authorities which gain the opportunity to learn more about the needs and expectations of citizens. The best conditions for the implementation the principle of sustainable development, basing on the dialogue with citizens, are on local level – in the cities. Moreover, using new information and communication technologies opens a number of possibilities to even more fully activation of local communities. As a consequence, the residents have greater impact on the quality of political decisions, that take into account their needs and expectations, it is also a chance to improve the quality of their life. The main research goal of the article is to answer the question – what characterizes sustainable development of the city and how the use of information and communication technologies by public authorities may affect a more complete implementation of the principle of sustainable development. The research method is an analysis of the documents and source materials.Keywords: civic engagement, e-participation, information and communication technologies, local authorities, sustainable development of the cities
Safeguarding Wild Plant Genetic Resources of Georgia within the Millennium Seed Bank Partnership
Authors: Mikatadze-Panstulaia Tsira , Kolbaia Sandro , Gogoladze Ana
Published: December 2019

Working group of the Department of Plant Conservation of the National Botanical Garden of Georgia (NBGG) have been participating in the global Millennium Seed Bank Partnership, led by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew since 2005. During the 2005-2018 period, within the scope of MSB-1 and MSB-2, seeds and herbarium samples of more than 1750 plant species and interspecific taxa, belonging to 107 families and 483 genera (more than 41% of Georgia’s flora) – 348 endemics of Caucasus and 151 endemics of Georgia, have been secured in the National Seed Bank of Georgia (NSB). Seed Bank data are managed in BRAHMS (Department of Plant Sciences of Oxford University). The collection of wild plant species is accompanied by the comprehensive database of geographical, botanical and habitat information. Later phase involves laboratory treatment and germination/viability testing (at least 500 seeds per species) and the long-term deposition and storage (under -20◦C temperature) at the National Seed Bank of Georgia. The duplicates of seed collection and herbarium vouchers are stored at the Millennium Seed Bank of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK. Germination capacity and viability of collections in NSB is determined before cold storage of seeds, while at the MSB already banked seeds are tested.Keywords: Seed bank; Ex-situ conservation; Plant diversity; Botanical garden; Genetic resources
Care Services within the Elderly Support System from the Perspective of the Polish Red Cross
Authors: Rynkowska Dorota
Published: December 2019

Society ageing, which results in many changes both within the social and cultural spheres, is a multi-aspect demographic process. Its basic determinants are mortality and reproduction rates, which are affected by social, economic, engineering and civilisation changes. The changes are related, among other things, with ageing of the population with chronic and geriatric diseases (Błędowski 2002). The natural consequence of ageing and the co-existing chronic diseases include the growing dependence and demand for care services among the seniors. As a result the population structure changes, care services are still at their development stage and the demand for the services has been increasing. The role of local-government and non-government entities in the area of support, aid and care services for the elderly has been gradually growing. The purpose of the article is to present the forms and scope of the care services for the seniors from the perspective of the Polish Red Cross support activities.Keywords: seniors, care, support, care services, Polish Red Cross
The Effects of Tourism on Traditional Craftsmanship for The Sustainable Development of Historic Environments
Authors: Karakul Özlem
Published: December 2019

Improving the quality of life and creating various economic benefits, conservation of cultural heritage can contribute to sustainable development as a concept having environmental, economic and socio-cultural aspects. Intangible cultural heritage as the chief reason of cultural diversity particularly guarantee sustainable development. In recent years, the increase in the concern about local ways of life, festivities, has motivated the conservation of intangible cultural heritage specifically, and contributed to the continuity of the implementation of traditional craftsmanship as a domain of intangible cultural heritage and guaranteed the sustainable development. The conservation of traditional craftsmanship necessitates providing the transmission of knowledge between master and apprentice and the continuity of practice. Through 20th century, rapidly changing life conditions, the demand for traditional craftsmanship has noticeably decreased causing the decrease in the number of practitioner craftsmen. It needs to regenerate the organic relationships of crafts with the changing life conditions for their conservation. Tourism can be a motivating force to regenerate interrelations with the increasing demand of tourists for traditional crafts. This paper aims to present the effects of tourism on crafts and discuss specific conservation approach focusing on the sustainable development of historic environments particularly focusing on 17 sustainable development goals highlighted within the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development published by United Nations General Assembly in 2015.Keywords: Traditional craftsmanship, tourism, conservation, historic environments, sustainable development
Waste to Energy Financial Model Design Based on Resident Participation
Authors: Nadya Amalin Farizal , Rachman Amar
Published: December 2019

This study designed a financial model for utilizing municipal solid waste (MSW) to generate energy based on resident participation. This effort is crucial since in many cases a government has some competing programs to be funded on its limited money. This makes a public project does not receipt enough funding to run the best option available or even the project sometime has not funded at all. On the other side, regulation and social responsibility factors inhibit private sector to invest their money on it. Based on willingness to pay research conducted at the City of Depok, it was shown that the residents are willing to spend their money to get a better MSW treatment through funding a Sustainable Modular Landfill Gas Plant project. A financial model developed for the project showed that the project is feasible. The project gave a positive net present value and internal rate of return greater than the average Indonesian bank interest rate; that is 13.87% for no electricity discounts scenario and 13.73% for electricity discount scenario. Further analysis showed that the minimum number of resident to participate on the project are 7% and 51% of the total Depok household, respectively.Keywords: Financial model, waste to energy, landfill gas plant project, net present value, internal rate of return.
The Integration of Social Issues in Design Education as a Catalyst towards Social Sustainability
Authors: Kazamia Kika Ioannou , Kafaridou Marianna
Published: December 2019

This research focuses on how to enforce the social pillar of sustainability through design education and more specifically through an assignment of a real-life project given to design students. This need derived from previous research, which suggests that „change‟ towards social sustainability, should focus on two sectors: Education and industry. In this study, the suggestion will be realized through a proposed real-life project that aims at the promotion of literacy in a children‟s hospital environment. All students are involved in a creative design process starting with the problem analysis, which requires the identification of the nature and requirements of the task and the development of a plan of ideas and mechanisms, to answer the brief. Then they proceed with visual and textual research and conceptual development. Students generate concepts, produce rough ideas and explore a number of visual answers to the brief, which are analyzed in terms of project objectives. Project development is the next stage where ideas are further developed and explored implementing appropriate methods and techniques. The final stage of the process includes the final presentation, critique, feedback and then its realization. Through the above design process, the students acknowledged the needs of the community and how social issues can be assimilated in a design project to satisfy and enhance the social pillar of sustainability.Keywords: Design; Education; Social Sustainability
Forma Urbana e Inclusione Sociale. Una Discussione Intorno al Concetto di Diritto alla Città
Authors: De Vincenzi Manuela
Published: December 2019

The proposed topic concerns, in general, the decision-making process in urban planning in relation to its ideological implications, freedom of choice and the fight against urban poverty. In particular, this study focuses on ideal urban model design, and its subsequent export to different contexts, as a measure of development and reduction of economic and social inequality and marginalization of a certain part of the population. The case studies presented will be the following: the leisure city project "Tróia, garden-city" (1970) and the social housing project "Zona J" (1980). Even though they had different purposes (one was meant to be a middle class and touristic neighborhood, while the other was thought to be a neighborhood for poor people), both have the same formal project design. On one hand, Tróia continues representing a modern and quality touristic destination, “Zona J”, on the other hand, has become the emblem of degradation. What was initially meant to be a requalification and urban integration project has eventually become a further element of stigmatization. Through comparison between original intentions, what was actually built and their effective use of spaces, we tried to answer the questions that underlie this work: are there universally valid solutions? What makes the same project a reference work in a given context and the emblem of environmental and social degradation in another? Who are the individuals who take these decisions?Keyword: Shape; Identity; Right to the City; Urban design
Water challenges and Urban Sustainable Development in Changing Climate: Economic Growth Agenda for Global South
Authors: Raza Tabassam , C. Rentoy Frederika , Ahmed Nisar , Thess Khas S. Raza Andrea Valentine L. Andres , E. Marasigan Karl Michael , M. Espinosa Ramon Iñigo
Published: December 2019

Access to safe clean water and sanitation were pressing concerns for survivors after super Typhoon Haiyan devastated central Philippines in November 2013. Essentially, water problems in the cities of Global South especially in Southeast Asian Archipelagos (Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia) plus Myanmar and Thailand are viewed as the consequence of uncontrolled rapid urban development and Climate Change (CC) variations. These facts emphasized the link between water insecurity and its negative economic impact. Thus, an equal and inclusive agenda is developed without which universal access to drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene is not possible. It comprises of conducting gender-sensitive strategic planning workshops and strategic spatial analysis using Geographic Information Systems. It was implemented to Quezon City (QC), Philippines as pilot. The output is an action plan defining 15 Programs, Projects and Activities (PPAs) as solutions for water challenges across five development sectors (Social, Economic, Environmental, Land Use/Infrastructure, and Institutional) in the Philippines context. The appropriate implementation of these PPAs will ensure QC‟s sustainable development, CC-resiliency, and its contribution to the country‟s economic growth. The framework used is flexible and can be fashioned for the other cities in Global South countries and other regions.Keywords: Sustainable Development, Climate Change, Inclusive, Economic, Action Plan
Factors Affecting Adoption of Sustainable Soil Management Practices among Fluted Pumpkin Producers in Ikorodu, Lagos State
Authors: Omowumi A. Olowa Olatomide W. Olowa , Ijiyokun, A.O. Akinkunmi A. Falade
Published: December 2019

Proper soil management is germane to sustainable vegetable production. The greatest threat to sustainable agricultural productivity is the declining soil productivity. The reason for this declining soil productivity might not be unconnected with the soil management practices by farmers. This study attempts to isolate factors that are contributing to vegetable farmers’ adoption of soil management practices. Primary data were collected from purposively selected 120 fluted pumpkin vegetable farmers, adopting pre-tested semi-structured interview schedule in Ikorodu Local Government Area. This is predicated on the facts that Ikorodu environment seems to be well adapted for fluted pumpkin production as many hectares of land are cultivated to fluted pumpkin by hundreds of small holders. Probit regression model was used to isolate factors affecting the adoption of sustainable soil management practices. Overall, the model predicted 85.76% of the sample correctly. The findings of the study revealed that number of economically active family members, farmers’ education, livestock holding, membership in farmer's group and credit availability were significantly positive while age of farmer negatively affect adoption of sustainable soil management practice. A unit increased in economically active family members, years of education and livestock standard unit would increase the probability of adoption of technology by 21.3, 5.8 and 7.6% respectively. Likewise, if farmers were made member in the groups and credit made available, the probability of adoption of technology would increase by 46.2 and 46.3% respectively. But a unit increase in the age of household head would decrease the level of adoption by 1.4% indicating old aged farmers do not adopt innovative technologies in agriculture.Keywords: Lagos, adoption, probit, sustainable soil management, vegetable, fluted pumpkin
The Influence of Spatial Flexibility to improve Sustainability of Interior Design by Using Smart Technology (Case study –Future Smart home in Iraq)
Authors: Al Khafaji Ibtisam Abdulelah Mohammed , Kamaran Raz
Published: December 2019

Technological progress is an endless accelerating phenomenon. It becomes a major aspect of our wellbeing and influences our everyday life as well as our use of architectural spaces. A professional career in Interior Design is more challenging today than ever. It combines the creative, the aesthetic, the innovative, and the practical to create the important stages upon which people live their lives. This pragmatic approach found a considerable positive impact on enhancing overall building flexibility and sustainability by using smart technology. Literatures displayed that both terms –flexibility and sustainability -are used almost to the same extent. In general, developing space flexibility is one of the main ways to achieve Sustainability to ensure efficient space utilization. The objectives of this research is to explain how smart interior design can improve spatial flexibility of inner spaces and to evaluate whether flexibility had a positive impacts toward sustainability (case study: Iraqi houses). A literature review in the disciplines of, smart home technology, spatial flexibility and Interior design sustainability have been done, then we used virtual reality methods and self –assessment practical tools to improve better understanding and to test hypothesis. Results explained that smart design improve spatial flexibility by and ensure efficient space utilization (sustainable inner spaces).Keywords: Flexibility, Sustainability, Smart Technology, Smart Interior Design, Smart Homes
Desires and doubts on cultural sustainability: A study from Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Afrin Tahera
Published: December 2019

The original research project of this study was aimed to find out the components of culture and their impacts on ako (teaching-learning) within the early childhood teacher education programmes. Ethics Approval was obtained from AUT Ethics Committee. Under a socio-cultural theoretical framework, twelve lecturers from three Tertiary Education Organisations (TEOs) were interviewed. Three cohorts of student teachers from the same TEOs participated in focus groups. Using manual thematic coding, nine broad areas of cultural components were identified. These were bicultural contexts of Aotearoa, ethnicities and multi-culturalism, individual identities, cross-cultural interactions, comfort zone, female majority, socio-economic struggles, spirituality and technology. A recently developed framework for cultural sustainability (Soini and Dessein, 2016) were applied to these areas. Some of these components were identified as more inert and less dynamic, while the rest were recognised at the other end of the framework.The data and the principle findings were contextual to Aotearoa New Zealand. However, the discussion considered the overall global trends in relation to education.Keywords: Cultural diversity, cultural sustainability,
Daily Habits and Energy Consumption: Go to Bed Earlier for Environmental Protection
Authors: Matsumoto Shigeru
Published: December 2019

Energy consumption reduction in the residential sector is crucial for mitigating global warming. This has prompted researchers to investigate the determinants of household energy consumption from various aspects. However, previous studies have not examined the impact of time allocation on energy consumption, primarily because of the lack of surveys that simultaneously examine time allocation and energy consumption. We conducted an original survey of 547 Japanese households to examine whether time allocation affects their electricity consumption. We divided a 48-hour period into 192 time slots and asked the households to choose one of the 20 types of actions listed for each slot. We also collected information on the socioeconomic background and electricity consumption of the households. After controlling for various factors that affect household electricity consumption, we examined whether time allocation determines electricity consumption. The empirical result of our study revealed that while a married male’s bedtime does not affect electricity consumption, a married female’s bedtime does. This suggests that it is essential to understand the daily habits of consumers for proposing effective energy conservation measures.Keywords: Electricity Usage, Household, Time Allocation
Electricity Savings Due to the Replacement of Fluorescent Lamps with LEDs in Classrooms
Authors: Ghisi Enedir , Stahnke Manorov Thaiane Cristina , Niehuns Antunes Lucas , Padilha Thives Liseane
Published: December 2019

This work aims to evaluate the potential for electricity savings that the replacement of fluorescent lamps with LEDs can provide. The study was carried out in the classrooms of the Federal University of Santa Catarina. It was found that 65% of the classrooms had adequate illuminance for classes during the daytime period, but none had an adequate illuminance for the night period. Due to the need to improve lighting and with the aim of reducing energy consumption, a new lighting system was developed using the Dialux software. The new system reduces the installed power of the classrooms in 45.5%. The payback of the investment is 8.6 years, less than the lifespan of the LED lamps, estimated in approximately ten years. This makes the LED system viable both technically and economically. Considering a new building, the system with LED lamps in classrooms would generate savings of approximately R$ 80,000 over a period of ten years compared to the system with fluorescent lamps. Therefore, although the initial investment is greater, the LED system is economically feasible and could allow for improvements in the lighting system of the classrooms in the Federal University of Santa Catarina.Keywords: Energy efficiency, lighting, LED, classrooms, Dialux.
Impact of the Renewable Energy Development in Lithuania‘s Energy Economy
Authors: Bužinskienė Rita
Published: December 2019

Paper is characterized by scientific novelty as it involves a very scarce research problem in Lithuanian‘s energy sector, assessing the impact of renewable energy resources on the energy economy. Renewable energy sources have a multiplier effect in spurring the economy and the development of not only the energy sector but also all the supporting activities related to such industry. The impact of the development of renewable energy is one of the factors that develop the quality of technology innovation development. This study includes the impact of renewable energy on the energy economy, using multiple linear regression models. The results of the study have shown that renewable energy resources: wind, sun, water, geothermal and biomass can not always be used together because they compete with each other and therefore reduce the efficiency of the energy economy. In this context, three combinations of renewable energy resources have been developed, which have been adapted to assess the impact of the energy economy on energy productivity and energy intensity. It has been found that the combination of resources of the second model (M2) RE is significant for the efficiency of the energy economy.Keywords: Renewable energy resources; Energy economy; Impact of efficiency
Electricity Access Threshold for Meeting Non-Energy SDG Targets
Authors: Brecha Robert
Published: December 2019

Access to sufficient amounts of energy is a prerequisite for development of human well-being. Analysis presented in this paper shows that multiple sustainable development targets are linked to per capita access to electricity in particular and demonstrate a threshold behavior below which sustainable development targets have not been met historically. The present work relates to the broad literature on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), recognizing the interconnectedness of energy access (SDG7) and other development goals. Although targets are provided for each of the 17 goals, not all targets are quantified, leaving room for ambiguity in fulfilling, for example, the goal of ―ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all.‖ The focus of this work is an extension of our previous finding that a per capita societal electricity consumption threshold of about 400kWh is strongly related to meeting outcomes for health indicators related specifically to SDG targets. In this contribution we further examine this quantitative relationship between electricity access as correlated with education, sanitation, food security and health outcomes, posing the question in the form, ―Below what minimum societal per capita access to electricity is a country very unlikely to meet SDG targets?
The Damage Caused to the Environment in the Context of the Sustainable Development of Society
Authors: Kudeikina Inga , Kaija Sandra
Published: December 2019

The opportunity to use the tangible resources of our planet – water, air, subterranean depths – secure the existence of our civilization. Despite the existence of private property and the division of ownership of tangible resources between natural and legal persons, the resources required for life are objectively determined by the very life form. Any living creature needs air, water and subterranean depths. They are the common value of the mankind. The right to live in a favourable environment is recognized as the basic right of each individual, of each member of the public. A significant aspect is the high quality environment, which includes specific standards and requirements for the quality of air, water and subterranean depths. This is necessary in order to ensure the legal protection of the environment, balancing the rights of private owners and society as a whole. The protection of the environment is the subject matter of the legal framework. The key challenge for the protection of the environment is to find an opportunity to balance the economic development and the sustainable development of the environment, which is why the greatest attention should be allocated to the questions that relate to the prevention and compensation for the damage caused to the environment. Keywords: environment, damage caused to the environment, sustainable development
Vulnerability Index Elaboration for Climate Change Adaptation in Peru
Authors: Vieira Marta Tostes , Vieira Alfredo Villavicencio , García Claudia Motta Villa
Published: December 2019

This paper evidences one of the most relevant information gaps of climate change adaptation in Peru: its vulnerabilities. First, it contextualizes main national level impacts and progress made in adaptation measures definition from prioritized thematic areas. Then, it addresses the difficulty of finding tools to measure climatic risk level. For instance, this arises the need to focus on the vulnerability associated with climate change adaptation efforts. Therefore, a vulnerability index based on a multi criteria analysis is proposed, with three parts. In the first one, three-work axes were chosen following the fifth IPCC report guidelines: climatic phenomena dangers, territorial exposure, and subjects’ vulnerability. The territorial area analysis was carried on at district level. With regard to subjects, five indicator groups were identified, and measurable variables were chosen: population; species and ecosystems; functions, services, and environmental municipalities’ assets; economic, social and cultural assets; and infrastructure. Next, data was searched for each variable and it was systematized in a multi-criteria database. Finally, an index (0-15) was developed to calculate socio-climatic vulnerability of all the Peruvian District Municipalities. They were classified according to social, climatic, and socio-climatic vulnerability range. This facilitates a targeting instrument for public policies that can generate better climate change risk management and contributes to commitments fulfillment of the Sustainable Development Goals.Keywords: Climate change, Vulnerability, Climate change adaptation, Socio-climatic vulnerabilities, Climate risk, Sustainable Development Goals
Criminal Policy as a Basis for the Sustainable Development or Public Security
Authors: Vilks Andrejs
Published: December 2019

Sustainable development of public security should be based on a balanced, rational and effective criminal justice policy. Criminal justice policies can be perceived, valued and also implemented as a set of scientific theories and concepts on the conceptual, strategic and tactical elements of preventing and combating crime and other anti-social phenomena. The fight against crime can be recognized as an element of the cultural environment. It is not possible to achieve the effective functioning of society and its legal system without relying on general human norms and values. The criminal justice approach reflects the common values of the society, which are directed to the interests primarily protected. Criminal justice policy is concerned with the detection of criminogenic processes, crime, their determinants and the effectiveness of measures to prevent and combat crime.Keywords: Crime, Criminal policy, societal development, public security
Equalising the Levels of the Development of the Regions in the Socialist System with the Polish People's Republic as an Example
Authors: Czop Edyta
Published: December 2019

After the end of World War II, the Polish authorities had to face post-war reconstruction, integrate the country's economic development within new borders, but also solve problems inherited from the Second Polish Republic: leveling civilization differences between individual regions. These issues were reflected in the plans to modernize the country, promoted by the communists. These plans contained elements of the pre-war modernization concept, but these visions were fundamentally different. The need for industrialization of backward areas proclaimed by the communist authorities was associated with political and social goals. The elimination of regional differences through balanced economic development was combined with the expansion of the working class and the elimination or marginalization of layers considered "capitalist". Additional elements, in fact playing a very large role, were the adoption of the Soviet model of modernization, which was associated with greater or lesser subordination of Moscow's goals and fulfillment of economic tasks resulting from belonging to the CMEA. The problem of sustainable development of the country was particularly strongly emphasized to half of l.50. While the country managed to integrate within the new borders, the investment policy did not reduce regional disparities. The location of new industrial plants led to disharmony in the development of Poland. The problem was also not solved in the following years. The reason was: failure of a centrally controlled economy, dominance of obsolete technologies, cyclical breakdowns in the economy, leading to socio-political crises.Keywords: Sustainable development, modernization, centrally controlled economy, investment policy, socialism
Assessment of Investment Projects Based on Economic Flow and Not in Cash Flows
Authors: Kukaj Halil , Morina Fisnik
Published: December 2019

In terms of global competitiveness, taking the investments decisions has a great impact to remain in the market. For this, when evaluating the investing projects it is necessary to apply the methods of profitability and liquidity. However, the question arises, if the profitability evaluation of investing project should be made according to the cash flow or the data from the economical flow statement. The aim of this paper is to give arguments why the economical flow statement should be applied instead of cash flow statement for the evaluation of profitability of investing projects. The paper is based on a hypothetical example whereas arguments are derived while applying the indicators: the Net present value and internal norm of profitability.Keywords: Evaluation of investing project, economical flow, net present value, internal norm of profitability
Central Industrial District as an Attempt to Implement the Principles of Sustainable Development in the Inter-War Period Poland
Authors: Grata Paweł
Published: December 2019

The interwar Poland was a poorly developed and unevenly developed country. The difference between regions was well to see between well-industrialized and so-called western “Poland A” and backward, agricultural and poor “Poland B” in the east. In the second half of the thirties of the twentieth century, Deputy Prime Minister Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski proposed taking action to eliminate the development differences between individual parts of the country. The government decided to build the Central Industrial District (COP), which was located in backward areas located in the central part of the country. The aim of the project was to implement a number of industrial and infrastructure investments and to make the first step on the way to blur the differences between “Poland A” and “Poland B”. Further, the creation of another industrial district east of the COP was assumed. In 1938, E. Kwiatkowski announced the so-called Fifteen-year plan, which was to bring the level of economic development to the level of the entire country until 1954. The large-scale implementation of investment under the COP was interrupted by the outbreak of World War II, but it turned out that the investments undertaken in the second half of the 1930s had a lasting effect. Established in this period, enterprises still play an important role in the economy of present-day south-eastern Poland (Podkarpacie region) and constitute an important element on the way to sustainable development of the country.Keywords: Second Polish Republic, Central Industrial District, state modernization, leveling of development, Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski
Media Market as an Example of a Deregulated Market: Historical and Social Analysis of the Local Media
Authors: Kinal Jarosław
Published: December 2019

The media market consists of: media (media, ie television, radio and printed press, as well as new media in the domain), their recipcom and filter, and so-called. regulators, that is organizations and institutions that control media activities (note: Internet content is not a regulation format). The National Council of Radio Broadcasting and Television controls the content of television broadcasting and analyzing programs as well as receiving and receiving concessions. The Office of Electronic Communications assigns and controls the subject of technical possibilities of broadcasting radio and television programs. Citizens' organizations that oversee media activities. These include industry organizations, e.g. journalistic associations. The media are businesses. To the fact that in their activity they are guided not only by interest, openness or mission, but also by financial profit. There are three basic ways to fund the media. Public media owned by the public is financed from the subscription and advertising. The money from the subscription is spent on the so-called mission, advertising revenue - for other purposes (eg entertainment programs). Commercial media is financed from private capital and advertising. Social media (do not mistake them for social networking sites). Setting up and running a television or radio station for a very expensive investment. The media market 1 is available only to you. To, that the value of the collection program along with its popularity. Therefore, more people watched the video, the more you have to pay for advertising during this broadcast. To make as much money as possible, senders need to care about the attractiveness of the program. To do it in various ways, e.g. to decide to profile the program. Universal programs are suitable for various types of programs: entertainment, educational, information etc. Thematic programs such as: culture, sport or motorization.Keywords: media, labor market, local media, Poland, open market
Impact of Gender, Age and Management Style on the Success of Family Business in Kosovo
Authors: Hoxha Rifat , Hoti Hamdi
Published: December 2019

Family business is the most contributing category in the economic development of all countries. Both Developed and Developing Countries and Less Developed Family Business plays an important role in reducing unemployment and is a catalyst for developing creative ideas and innovations in all business activities. In this paper we will address some of the characteristics of managers of this business category, such as their gender, age, and style of management, and their impact on the development and growth of these businesses' performance. The paper is part of the survey conducted by the survey of over 300 family businesses in Kosovo and was used by the author for the preparation of doctoral dissertation. This paper is fulfill from the survey which is realized with professors of Economic field in University of Prizren “Ukshin HOTI” in Prizren. From those finding results of research we give some modest recommendations and it’s more raising awareness especially business management from female gender as an opportunity to duplicate the potential for a development and performance of those business. This is based on the fact that the more thought we have, the more ideas come about how we can manage a family business with contemporary style, without a gender or age complex, which can guarantee success not only in our country , but to become competitive and penetrate the markets of the most developed countries.Keywords: Family business, Gender, Age, Management style
Sustainable e-Governance and Human Resource Development
Authors: Burlacu Sorin , Alpopi Cristina , Mitrită Marcela , Popescu Maria-Loredana
Published: December 2019

Much of the literature focusing on organizational change suggests that changes often fail because of employees' resistance. This resistance is caused by their personal fears that change will affect them in any way. Employees are often afraid of changes that could lead to changes in comfortable social dynamics and to additional, less desirable or even more difficult tasks. The proliferation of new technologies brings new challenges but also concerns about job stability. Our paper addresses the issue of human resources development from e-government perspective and presents some features that could be considered when promoting technologies especially in sensitive areas such as public administration. The methodology of research aimed at measuring and interpreting a set of economic, technical and social aspects present in public organizations in Romania. The research findings show how HR is transforming into the digital era and what one might consider to bridge the gap between knowing and doing what is needed to put technology together with the latest processes and skills for a sustainable development of human resources. Keyword: e-HR, the digital era, the development of human resources
Structural Transformation of the Turkish Economy under the Scope of Sustainable Development
Authors: Karaalp-Orhana Hacer Simay
Published: December 2019

The distribution of the labour force by sectors and the country economic structure indicate the economic development level of countries. The traditional sectoral transformation is observed in all countries during the economic development process. Since the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, industrialization has been one of the fundamental development policies to be achieved. As an inevitable result of the development, the sectoral distribution of production and employment changed in Turkish economy over the years. This structural transformation is associated with the transition from primary sector to capital intensive production structure in which the manufacturing and the service sectors expand while the agricultural sector shrinks. However, the agricultural sector is still important in Turkey. Today, approximately one-fifth of the labour force is employed in the agricultural sector. This ratio shows the developing country feature of Turkish labour market despite the industrialization and urbanization policies and the structural changes in recent years. In this context, the aim of this study is to analyze the sectoral transformation of the Turkish economy within the scope of the sectors share in the GDP of Turkey and the share of sectors in the total employment, within the changing structure of the labour market and the level of urbanization.Keywords: economic development, structural transformation, Turkish economy
Theoretical Foundations of Optimising Processes in Energy Conversion Systems to Increase the Effectiveness and Ecological Safety of Their Functioning
Authors: Suvorova Irina , Kravchenko Oleg , Veligotskiy Dmitriy , Goman Vitaliy
Published: December 2019

A methodological approach based on using system analysis is suggested to increase the effectiveness and ecological safety of operating complex energy-technological systems. The approach involves identifying the actual mechanism of functioning of an energy conversion system and building an adequate model of developing complex physico-chemical processes and technologies comprising the system. In the study, the concept of an energy conversion system is defined as a multitude of its elements – technologies, physico-chemical and chemical technology processes, and their separate stages united by common rules and interaction algorithms, which impart to the system as whole new qualities that are absent in each of its elements. Such an approach allows accounting for the entire multitude of technologies and processes, on which the functioning is based.Keywords: large system, correlation analysis, hydrocavitation activation, energy conversion
Experimental Analysis of Wind Interaction with Olive Grove and the Atmospheric Surface Boundary Layer
Authors: Portaz M. Jiménez- , M. A. Losada M. Clavero
Published: December 2019

The emblematic olive grove covers 17% of the South Spain territory. Last years, intensive farming has been developed around its exploitation. This causes many environmental and social problems, ecological interactions and environmental variables are modified, accentuating the climate change effects. The aim of this work is optimize the layout to allow a sustainable agricultural production, adapting the exploitation to the climate change and minimizing alterations over environmental variables. Thus, interaction between the Surface Boundary Layer (SBL) and olive groves has been analyzed experimentally. Wind tunnel reduced-scale tests were carried out for different setups: grid with homogeneous tree models, over a flat surface and over a hill, and simulating different vegetation covers. The same tests were replicated with staggered pattern and heterogeneous tree models. Wind velocity and turbulence kinetic energy profiles were obtained using Hot Wire Anemometry, taking measurements between models and behind them. It has been proved that olive grove spatial layout and the presence or absence of vegetation cover modify the SBL dynamics. Consequently, not only fundamental environmental variables are altered, for example, the moisture flux and the evapotranspiration, but also important variables for human health are modified, as pollen flow dispersion to urban areas.Keywords: Olive grove, environmental management, sustainability, wind tunnel