bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The competition index and growth performance between tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and native fish spesies Laut Tawar Lake in polyculture system
Authors: Nurfadillah N , Hasri I , Fahmi R , Misran
Published: March 2021

The polyculture system provides great benefits in cultivation, including increasing the productivity of land aquaculture, utilizing leftover feed, and improve water quality. The aim of this study was to analyze the competition index and growth performance of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), depik (Rasbora tawarensis), lemeduk/tengadak (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii) and peres/nilem (Osteochilus kappenii) in the polyculture system. This research was conducted at Fish Seed Center (BBI) Lukup Badak, Pegasing District, Central Aceh Regency on May – June 2020. This study used a completely randomized design consisting of 4 treatments and 3 replications, namely treatment A control (tilapia 150 of fish in monoculture system), treatment B (tilapia: 112 fish and lemeduk: 38 fish), treatment C (tilapia: 112 fish, depik: 38 fish), and treatment D (tilapia: 112 fish, peres: 38 fish). The experimental fish were reared in a happa container with a cage system of size 0.5x0.5x1m. The results showed that tilapia reared in the polyculture system had a significant effect (P <0.05) on growth performance compared to monoculture system (treatment A). The competition index shows a negative value between treatments. The research indicated that the best experimental was treatment B (tilapia: 112 fish and lemeduk: 38 fish) and treatment D (tilapia: 112 fish, peres: 38 fish) can increase growth performance and biomass production in polyculture system. In conclusion that the application of the polyculture system of tilapia was able to increase the value of growth performance and there was no competition between experimental fish.
The effect of copepod enriched-vegetable based diet on Giant Tiger Prawn (Penaeus monodon) post-larvae
Authors: Naman N , Kassim Z , Rasdi N W
Published: March 2021

Plankton is the primary food sources for many fish larvae as well as other organisms during their early stage of development. Zooplankton such as copepods play a major role in freshwater and marine environment as live food that offer great variety of sizes, species and nutritional value to the larvae. The aim of this study is to increase the nutritional value of copepod and its effect onPenaeus monodonpost-larvae growth performance. The experiment was carried out 30 days and comprised with four different treatments of diets. The diets fed to copepod consisted of algal diet which isTetraselmissp. that acted as a control followed by three types of vegetable-based diet which is carrot, water spinach, and lettuce. The efficiency of the copepods enriched was further evaluate on its growth, survival and proximate composition. The outcome of the study showed that highest specific growth rate (SGR) inP.monodonpost-larvae was obtained when fed with copepods enriched water spinach (11.28±0.38%) and the highest survival rate ofP.monodonwas obtained when being fed with copepods enrichedTetraselmissp. (91.67±0.29%). Proximate analysis composition for enriched copepods andP.monodonfed with enriched copepods showed the water spinach produce highest protein and lipid content compared to other enrichment. The current result showed that vegetable based are able to replace the microalgae, hence it also can gave an advantages to the economy in aquaculture and higher yields.
Some biological aspects of the golden hind grouper (Cephalopholis aurantia) harvested in the northern coast of Aceh, Indonesia (a preliminary study)
Authors: Fadli N , Damora A , Muchlisin Z A , Dewiyanti I , Ramadhaniaty M , Hanif A , Zahara C S , Rusdi M , Nur F M , Batubara AS , Siti-Azizah M N
Published: March 2021

Cephalopholis aurantiais one of the grouper species considered as the least concern (LC) based on the IUCN category. However, the data related to its biological features is limited. The present study’s objective was to study some biological aspects of the golden hind grouper harvested in the northern coast of Aceh. The fishes were collected from June - August 2020 in several fish landing sites (TPI) and fish market located in Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar district. In total, 24 fish specimens were collected in this study. All samples were small and young (between 103.1-240.0 mm TL and 60.6-267.5 g). In addition, all the collected fishes were female with the gonad maturity levels varied from stage I to stage IV with the gonad weight ranged from 0.01-2.00 gr. This study is providing baseline data of some biological aspects of the golden hind grouper that will be valuable in developing a practical fisheries management of the species.
Toxic effect of lead (Pb) on hatching rate and larvae abnormalities of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Melanie K , Djamani R , Zulfahmi I , Nurlian R , Sardi A , Paujiah E , Muliari M , Akmal Y , Humairani R
Published: March 2021

Like other fish, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one species that potentially exposed to pollutants, including lead (Pb). However, the impact of Pb exposure on hatching rate and larvae development of Nile tilapia is still not investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the toxic effect of Pb exposure on hacthing rate and larvae abnormalities of Nile tilapia. A total of 2,400 fertilized eggs of Nile tilapia was distributed to control and 3 treatment group namely: treatment A (0.21 mg/L PbCl2), treatment B (0.42 mg/L PbCl2) and treatment C (0.63 mg/L PbCl2) with triplicate. The exposure period lasted for ten days. Cumulative hatching rate, survival rate, malformation rate, heart rate, body length, total lead content and deformities of larvae were analyzed. The results showed that increasing Pb concentration significantly increased malformation rate, heart rate, and total Pb content in Nile tilapia larvae. The highest malformation rate, heart rate and total lead content observed in treatment C were 3.4%, 115.6 beats/minute and 4.80 mg Pb/kg, respectively. Furthermore, Pb was affect several deformities of Nile tilapia larvae including lordosis, kyphosis, and curved tail. Otherwise, exposed to lead up to concentration 0.63 mg/L PbCl2 have no significant effect on cumulative hatching rate, survival rate and body length in Nile tilapia.
The role of panglima laot towards fisheries management based on ecosystem approach in Banda Aceh City
Authors: Rahmah A , Salmarika S , Miswar E
Published: March 2021

Panglima Laot was indigenous institutions of Aceh that hand to realize sustainable fisheries management particularly with an ecosystem approach. The objective of this study is to evaluated status of Panglima Laot on fisheries management based on ecosystem approach. This research was conducted in 2017 in Banda Aceh City. Data analysis used Composite index with multy criteria analysis and then visualized by flag modelling. The result of this study showed Panglima Laot status was ‘good’ category. Composite value of Lhok Pasie Tibang Panglima Laot is 66,6, Lhok Kuala Aceh Panglima Laot 62,5 and Lhok Kuala Cangkoi Panglima Laot 72,6.
Effect of diet combination of avocado Persea americana and pumpkin Cucurbita moschata on Osphronemus gouramy Lac
Authors: Safrida S , Wasilah N , Supriatno S
Published: March 2021

Feed is one of the important components in fish farming as a source of material and energy, feed is also the largest component (50-70%) which causes an increase in production costs. Therefore, to reduce feed production costs is to mix inexpensive and easily accessible natural feed with a high enough protein content. During the harvest season the avocado is abundant and avocado seeds are disposed of as waste. This study aims to determine the effect of a combination of avocado Perseaa mericana M. and pumpkin Cucurbita moschata D seed on the growth and feed efficiency of Osphronemus gouramy Lac. The design used non-factorial Completely Randomed Design consisting of 4 treatments and 6 replications: P0 (control feed), P1 (40 grams of avocado seed feed + 40 grams of pumpkin seeds + 20 grams of mixed ingredients), P2 (20 grams of avocado seed feed + pumpkin seeds 60 grams + 20 grams of mixed ingredients) and P3 (60 grams of avocado seed feed + 20 grams of pumpkin seeds + 20 grams of mixed ingredients). Data analysis used Analysis of variance and Duncan’s test using SAS 9.3.1 software. The results showed that giving a combination of avocado seeds and pumpkin seeds can increase the growth of gouramy. The highly effective growth was found in P2 feed of 11.86 grams with a growth rate of 2.69% / day, while low growth occurred in the P3 treatment of 9.46 grams with a growth rate of 2.11% per day. The proximate test of the test feed showed that the highest protein was found in P2 feed, namely 25.01%. The best feed efficiency was found in P2 feed which had 6.91% crude fiber, and the highest protein content in P2 was 18.36%. It concluded that there was an effect of a combination of avocado and pumpkin seed feed on the growth and feed efficiency of Gouramy. Avocado and pumpkin seeds supplementation can be used as ingredients fish feed.
Real-Time Cow Detection and Identification Using Enhanced Particle Filter
Authors: Bello R W , Talib A Z , Mohamed A S A
Published: March 2021

In this paper, demonstration of how an individual cow can be tracked and identified in a herd of cows using an enhanced particle filter is presented. In a typical agricultural setup, it is not uncommon to witness cases of cow swapping and rustling. In the past, different methods were recorded in literatures for the monitoring of herds. However, advancement in technology has rendered those methods less effective, resulting to demand for continual improvement on the state-of-the-art methods for tracking individual cows. To achieve this, we employed off-the-shelf networks for end-to-end individual cow identification in up-to-down motionless imagery acquired from stationary camera. The dynamic trajectory of the herd was captured by a camera installed on a pole near a passageway through which the cows passed almost every day and the video processing system was employed for the processing of the herd’s trajectory. Report was made on the model initialisation, mean shift algorithm, particle-Kalman filter, and the target model is updated in order to overcome the change in the target object appearance over time. To our utmost knowledge, this work is the first to apply combination of mean-shift based tracker and particle-Kalman filter as enhanced particle filter to real-time cow detection and identification to curtail occlusion and non-linear tracking problem.
Visual-Based Motorcycle Detection using You Only Look Once (YOLO) Deep Network
Authors: Kamaru Zaman Fadhlan Hafizhelmi , Che Abdullah Syahrul Afzal , Razak Noorfadzli Abdul , Johari Juliana , Pasya Idnin , Abu Kassim Khairil Anwar
Published: March 2021

In Malaysia and various Asian countries, use of motorcycle is growing in numbers, and the motorcycle is the dominating transport mode. In fact, the number of motorcycles per thousand people averaged over several major Asian cities is significantly higher than the average of the rest of the world. With growing use of motorcycle, blind spots have become one of major cause to road injuries and fatalities of motorcyclists in Malaysia. In this work, a visual-based detector is proposed to reduce the risk of blind spots in causing road injuries to motorcyclists. The objective of this detector is to provide alerts to the drivers of cars and other vehicles when there are motorcyclists in proximity to the vehicles especially around blind spot areas. In developing this solution, a variant of deep network called You Only Look Once (YOLO) is chosen as visual-based detector. This YOLO deep network is trained and tested using the 5811 collected images of motorcyclists. A benchmark with regards to its accuracy and speed is conducted by comparing this visual detector against several methods such as Aggregate Channel Features (ACF) and Faster Region Convolutional Neural Network (FRCNN). Results showed that YOLO detector is the most superior detector since it has the best average precision out of all detectors, and its inference time at 22.55 ms (44 fps) is able to provide real-time implementation. Besides, YOLO inference on machines without GPU still manage to achieve a commanding performance, which is on average, at 17 fps.
Stress Analysis Among University Students Using Psychometric Scale and Heart Rate Variability Approach
Authors: M Sufian A H , M Kamal M A
Published: March 2021

Stress has become one of the major mental health problems in Malaysia. Most Malaysians underestimate and neglect this critical issue, not knowing what the consequences might be due to the lack of knowledge on stress analysis. Many researchers are trying to identify the causes and ways to overcome stress. With the help of advancing electronic systems engineering, primed heart rate biomarker has been earmarked as the tool to analyse stress. However, the relationship between heart rate variability approach and the quantification of stress is still an open research challenge. Therefore, the goal of this study is to explore the role of heart rate variability (HRV) and psychometric scale on stress and resilience analysis among university students and the effectiveness of interventions and Heart Rate Variability devices on improving resilience. 30 students, 15 males and 15 females aged 23 to 24 years old were picked as the subjects for this experiment according to their stress and resilience scores obtained from two questionnaires, Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS21). Their heart rate variability was measured using HeartMath EmWave device to observe the changes of their heart rhythm when a stimulus and an intervention is given. The data acquired from HeartMath EmWave were analyzed using Kubios HRV software, where it provides more in-depth analysis regarding the subjects’ heart rate during the experiment. According to the results, most of the subjects’ heart rate becomes incoherent during the stimulus phase. However, their heart rate changes into a coherence state due to the effectiveness of slow breathing techniques as an intervention. It helps the subjects to become calmer and synchronize their autonomic nervous system (ANS) with their brain and heart. Therefore, choosing the right intervention is vital to get a coherent heart rate, thus train how our body responds to stressors. The results also provide fruitful insight relating to how a human reacts when they are facing something difficult in their lives and indicates that heart rate variability biofeedback is important to achieve human wellness and validate the quantification of resilience and stress. This study concludes that the heart rate variability device and measurement are effective and have a vital impact to create stress awareness.
Eye tracking outcomes in smoking health warning labels
Authors: Kheder N A M , M Kamal M.A
Published: March 2021

Graphic health warning label is an advertisement approach to promote greater public understanding on negative health consequences of smoking. A large volume of data has accumulated on the issue of cigarette smoking health warning labels recently, as the number of smokers are yet still growing, reaching 1.1 billion people who smoked every day. This rising in number of smokers were predicted to significantly impact the number of cases to increase directly proportional related to critical disease such as heart disease and stroke. Therefore, a comprehensive strategy needs for efficient tobacco control, an informative communication campaign and strategy such as pictorial disease warning label that have been conducted since 2009. However, justification of the current evidence on relative warning labels effectiveness are still questionable. This study therefore targeted to investigate the abilities of warning labels in informing the negative consequences related with cigarette smoking, through the cutting technology of eye tracking. 30 students had completed this experiment including both smokers and non-smokers in order to directly assess on how the eye movements react towards the graphic stimuli using eye tracking method. Tobii TX300 eye tracker were used for data collection, filtration and analysis, as the device were more detailed and proven to be less bias compared to usual verbal report. Which helping in interpreting human behaviour in obtaining subjects attention. The collected data sets were further analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique. With the small difference in results of significant value at 2.15 x 10−19 for eye movement event occur between two categories of subjects, shows that their eye activities towards pictorial warning labels are significantly same, as both categories of subjects focused on same part of the image. Pictorial warning labels were believed to be inefficient to continue as a strategy of tobacco control nowadays as the result showed that critical disease images were ineffective in informing the negative consequences related with smoking cessation. The findings indicate that the strategies could be improve besides using pictorial warning labels that have been conducted over a decade.
Sustainable Energy in Telecommunications and IT Industries: Principles and Solutions
Authors: Salama Wessam M. , Aly Moustafa H.
Published: March 2021

Sustainable energy is the solution for long-term developments. It is easy to access a clean, affordable and reliable energy. This paper provides a review on sustainable design in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), including the telecommunication sector, energy in data centers and end user devices underlining unsustainable design practices. This paper also explains energy saving, direct impact assumptions, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions, rebound effect, direct footprint of ICTs in reducing it. Dematerialization, plays an important role in reducing GHG emissions, are proposed in this paper. A literature review deals with extant reviews through the synergic relationship between economic prospects, sustainability and the ICT design. This paper introduces an econometric example to investigate the ICT effect on energy output, descriptive statistics of ICT, industry and energy saving. European Union (EU) depends on the ICT to reach to its energy and environmental targets. An expectation that differs from 50% to 125% of the total 20% greenhouse gas reduction is needed in 2020.
Optical Based Humidity Sensor by Using Zinc Oxide-PVA In Micro Cavity
Authors: Burhanuddin H M , Tan S J , Ahmad F
Published: March 2021

We demonstrate a simple optical based humidity sensor using a micro cavity. The micro cavity consists of single mode fiber (SMF-28e, Corning) and a reflective mirror coated with zinc oxide (ZnO) which is embedded in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). A wideband amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) source, ranging from 1530-1610 nm was injected into the micro cavity. The water molecules from the surface of the ZnO-PVA changed the refractive index of the micro cavity which subsequently modified the phase of ASE light that was reflected from the coated mirror. The change of phase in the reflected light from the coated mirror was monitored with optical spectrum analyzer (OSA). The performance of our optical humidity sensor for non-coated mirror and ZnO-PVA coated mirror was recorded at 0.03 nm/RH% and 0.074 nm/RH%, respectively. This shows that optical humidity sensor with ZnO-PVA coated mirror is more sensitive to humidity changes.
Cascode Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) with Negative Feedback for Long Term Evolution (LTE)
Authors: Ibrahim A B , Kahar N H , Che Kob C G , Othman A R
Published: March 2021

Every now and then communication technology continuing to evolved to fulfil the market especially in mobile traffics of wireless technology demanding for high-rise data rates affecting radio frequency bandwidths to affirming specific performance. Utilizing unlicensed bandwidths of 5.8 GHz, the cascode low noise amplifier (LNA) enable to associate with long term evolution (LTE) standard without detracting degradation of service aspects. Considering LNA that positioned as a front-end in receiver block system in managing transmit the signal it benefit the LTE RF requirement become novelty in this design that plays crucial role. This paper focuses on designing and analysis of cascode low noise amplifier (LNA) adopted negative feedback and T-matching network at the input and output ports to emphasize trade-offs between parameters of gain, noise figure, sensitivity and stability. Pseudomorphic High Electron Mobility Transistor (PHEMT) FHX76LP manufactured by Eudyna Devices Inc is selected and the design is stimulated by using Advance Design System tool (ADS). From the analysis resulting LNA shows a maximum gain (S21) of 20.199 dB and return loss (S12) of −23. 585 dB with minimum noise figure of 0.360 dB with 2V supply. Meanwhile, the input reflection (S11) and output return loss (S22) are −11. 101 dB and −13. 714 dB respectively.
The Application of TRIZ in The Development of Readiness Assessment Model for The Malaysian Industry4WRD Program
Authors: Zulhasni A R , Muhamad Roslan M Y , Wan Md Syukri W M A
Published: March 2021

The global industrial revolution has become a major concern for most organizations in the effort to innovate and improve towards competitiveness and sustainability. This initiative has been considered as a disruptive change in manufacturing and also services. Many countries have taken proactive action to learn and adopt the concept of Industry 4.0 in order to be at the front edge of transformation. However, various countries and government agencies are trying to support the local industries with limited knowledge and resources, especially in developing countries such as Malaysia. This paper focuses on the challenges in developing the Industry 4.0 readiness assessment model by adopting innovative methodology called TRIZ. This model is useful in helping the Malaysian government agencies to guide and facilitate the transformation program of Industry 4.0 that has been given a new brand name which is Industry4WRD. The Malaysian industries are able to identify the gaps within the organization and the benchmark with the best practiced Industry 4.0 company by using the readiness assessment tools that have been developed from the research. TRIZ has been the core concept of the readiness assessment model and has also effectively shown result from a case study that is presented in this paper
Simulation of Palm Kernel Shell Gasification for Small Scale Power Generation Using Aspen Plus Software
Authors: Najwa Annuar N A , Kamarulzaman N , Shadzalli Z F M , Abdullah I H I , Liew P Y , Manaf N A
Published: March 2021

In this study, a simulation flowsheet model of gasification process for small-scale power generation was developed in Aspen plus software in accordance with the actual 20-kW power pallet unit manufactured by All Power Labs Power Pallet. The flowsheet model is capable to determine the syngas composition and amount of power load generated from the internal combustion engine. Biomass feedstock used in the model was palm kernel shell as it possesses a favourable physiochemical property and easy to obtain. Proximate and ultimate analyses data were used as the basis for the flowsheet model to reflect the physical property of palm kernel shell as a non-conventional component. The gasification of palm kernel shell was simulated into four main processes which are drying, pyrolysis, combustion and reduction by using two R-Stoic models and individual R-yield and R-Plug model with specification of chemical reactions, dimensions and operating conditions of the process. The results obtained from the model were validated with experimental data of palm kernel shell gasification process at a similar operating temperature acquired from previous research studies. Several parameters such as gasification temperature, air preheating and pyrolysis temperature were studied under specified value subjected to the amount of power load generated. It can be seen that the gasification temperature, air preheating temperature and pyrolysis temperature were found to have a directly proportional trend on power load based on their respective temperature range. Furthermore, optimal power load (≈ 20 kW) can be generated at pyrolysis temperature of 460 °C with gasification and intake air temperature of 1200 °C and 550 °C respectively. This work is of significance for preliminary operational and plant design benchmark if the government is considering a large-scale development of biomass power generation.
A Review On The Comparison Between Slow Pyrolysis And Fast Pyrolysis On The Quality Of Lignocellulosic And Lignin-Based Biochar
Authors: Tan H , Lee C T , Ong P Y , Wong K Y , Bong C P C , Li C , Gao Y
Published: March 2021

In recent years, biochar has attracted considerable attention due to its unique characteristics and wide applications in agricultural and environmental areas. Biochar is recognized for its potential role in carbon sequestration, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, soil amendment, bioenergy production and waste mitigation. The current review discusses on the utilization of various lignocellulosic and lignin-based feedstocks for the biochar production. However, the quality of biochar varies among different thermo-conversion technologies due to the differences in their key process parameters and the feedstock composition. This article aims to review two production technologies for lignocellulosic and lignin-based biochar, namely, slow pyrolysis and fast pyrolysis. The effects of feedstock composition (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin) and pyrolysis conditions such as temperature and heating rate on the quality of biochar are compared. The relationship between the feedstocks composition, temperature, heating rate of pyrolysis and the quality of biochar are also discussed. Future work would further correlate the effects of feedstock composition and process parameters on the quality of biochar such as surface area and functionality.
Enhanced Conductivity of Corn Starch Polymer Film Doped with Sodium Phosphate
Authors: Aidil Z Hafiq , Hassan M F , Firdaus A Muhamad , Khairunnisa M P
Published: March 2021

Solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) is one of the new invention components which can replace the traditional liquid electrolyte in a conventional battery system that sometimes experience some drawbacks, specifically is a leakage problem. Solid polymer electrolyte was successfully prepared using corn starch as the host and sodium phosphate (Na3PO4) as an ionic dopant which both of them mixed in a combined solvent of distilled water and glycerin via a solution casting technique. FTIR was confirming that the complex films were successfully prepared based on the coexistence of the material peaks (starch and Na3PO4). The highest ionic conductivity of 4.62 x 10−4 Scm−1was obtained at room temperature (303K) for the sample containing 40 wt. % of Na3PO4. Based on the results, this SPE is proposed to have great potential in current and future energy storage applications.
Biowaste-Based Porous Adsorbent for Carbon Dioxide Adsorption
Authors: Ghafar N A , Harimisa G E , Jusoh N W C
Published: March 2021

Activated carbon is known as one of the effective adsorbents in carbon dioxide adsorption, which is mainly attributed to its highly porous structure. Utilizing biowaste as the precursor for the activated carbon synthesis is considered as an attractive approach due to the biowaste being an inexpensive, renewable, abundant, and environmental-friendly material. This review article covers the various biowaste precursors used for activated carbon synthesis along with the comparison of its activating methods (which are physical and chemical activation). The relation between the activation methods and carbon dioxide adsorption performance is elucidated for better understanding. The functionalization of the biowaste-based activated carbon with basic nitrogen functionalizing agent as well as the challenges in the application of these adsorbents in carbon dioxide adsorption are also discussed.
Biopolymer-Based Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles
Authors: Hamrayev H , Shameli K
Published: March 2021

The use of biopolymers for the synthesis of various nanomaterials is of huge interest to present day nanobiotechnology. A basic, novel, cost effective and green method has been developed for the synthesis of ZnO-NPs (zinc oxide nanoparticles) utilizing carrageenan as a marine biopolymer. This work suggests the use of green method serving carrageenan as a stabilizing agent during sol-gel process before calcination in high temperatures to generate ZnO-NPs. The produced ZnO–NPs were characterized using various tools such as powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and UV–visible (UV– vis) spectroscopy. The ZnO-NPs synthesized at various temperatures displayed spherical structure, its TEM images and particle size distributions exhibited the size of 49 nm. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed the successful synthesis of ZnO-NPs with high purity and crystallinity. The UV-visible spectra showed characteristic absorption peaks of ZnO between 368 and 376 nm and FTIR analysis exhibited Zn-O bands around 402 to 448 cm−1. The biosynthesized ZnO-NPs could offer potential applications in bio-medical field.
First Principles Study on Electronic and Optical Properties of Single Walled Carbon Nanotube for Photonics Application
Authors: Halim S N M , Taib M F M , Ahmad F
Published: March 2021

Recent research works on single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) based material has witnessed a great technological importance in photonic applications due to their unique optical characteristics. Present work aims to employ theoretical first principles study to explore the electronic and optical properties of SWCNT in the form of armchair nanotube. The theoretical simulation is done by using density functional theory (DFT) as implemented in the CASTEP computer code. Similar to almost gapless nature of graphene, formation of Fermi level of a relaxed SWCNT structure is found to be at a value approaching zero. The calculated electronic band structure shows a direct band gap of 0.259 eV with Dirac cone form between conduction and valence band. The optical spectrum shows a variation of real and imaginary of dielectric function with inter-band transition taking place along with frequency of the incident light. The absorption spectrum exhibits a significant degree of anisotropic characteristic with almost transparent nature ranging from near infrared to ultraviolet energy range. These optical spectra show excellent nonlinear optical features which remark the suitability in optoelectronic applications.
Dissolution time and shelf life quality of Ficus deltoidea powder and granule
Authors: Khamis A K , Asli U A , Sarjuni M N H , Jalal M A , Karim H A A , Sulaiman S , Ying O P
Published: March 2021

Lyophilized from plants extract is a process to prolong the amounts of phytochemicals in a solid form. The bioactive compound in Ficus deltoidea (FD), which is isovitexin should be stable and bioavailable during the downstream processing such as drying process to achieve its optimum health benefits. Therefore, this study focuses on the impact of lyophilizing methods such as spray drying followed by a granulator method to determine the stability of the bioactive compound in FD during drying and storage. After the powdered produce, it will test on the model of human digestion (dissolution study) either the amounts of phytochemicals remain stable. Finally, shelf-life quality analysis and the dissolution rate (capsule size 0 and 1) were carried out. The results obtained show the methods employed in this study can be used for the analysis of quality content and dissolution tests of FD capsules. For FD in the shelf-life quality study, parameters for appearance and Total Yeast Microbial Count (TYMC) showed no significant difference after 3 months. For pH, the slight decrease in pH level will increase the number of Total Aerobic Microbial Count (TAMC) in powder form. Compared to granule form, the pH level more consistent and the number of TAMC also in a control condition. The dissolution of capsules containing powder and granulated of FD showed a high percentage of bioactive compound released into the dissolution medium, although the bioactive compound content of herbal products (capsule size 1) was found to be half that of capsules size 0. Through observation for both capsules size content of FD, the maximum dissolution was achieved after 100 min.
Effect of protective layer deposition in cross-sectional analysis of focused ion beam in germanium substrate
Authors: Aid S R , Wan Razali W R , Ikenoue H , Yasuda K , Matsumura S
Published: March 2021

In this work, a single micro-size circular and rectangular holes were fabricated in phosphorus/tin implanted germanium substrate using ion milling of FIB, for potential application in photonic crystal and FINFET. One of the important analysis that need to be done in the future is a cross-sectional analysis in order to evaluate the milling rate of material, redeposition of milled material, and the quality of the milled surface in the pattern structure. However, a well-known practise in preparing a cross-sectional sample for transmission electron microscope analysis using FIB involves a deposition of protective layer on the substrate surface before performing the cross-sectional ion milling, in order to prevent the surface damage. Taking this into consideration, this work performed a preliminary study to analyze the effect of depositing a protective layer onto the hole for performing FIB cross-sectional analysis of the fabricated hole structures. Two-step deposition technique of platinum layer involving electron beam, followed by ion beam was performed on the hole prior to the cross-sectional milling. Hole structure without protective layer was also prepared as a comparison. It is found that although the depth of the milled area can be evaluated in both cross-sectioned holes with/without protective layer, an evaluation on roughness and redeposition are difficult, specifically in the one with protective layer. While the existence of secondary damage might affect the quality of milled surface during the cross-sectional milling in the sample without protective layer.
Analytical Study of Half Scissor Like Elements Deployable Structures
Authors: Chai T J , Tan C S , Koh H B
Published: March 2021

The scissor based deployable structures have been widely adopted in various fields of engineering, architecture and technical application. This technique is currently used in prefab modular construction due to its advantages of fast assembled, ease to transport, save launching space, lightweight and embracing sustainable approach. Due to this, the deployable structures have attracted researchers around the world to introduce various innovative ideas in transforming the prefab modular construction industry towards future challenges. However, there is a crucial work at preliminary design stage for scissor based deployable structures since it is highly sensitive to the geometry compatible issue. Thus, the initial design is critical to ensure the stability of the deployable structures during folding, deployment and load bearing. To address this issue, this paper aims to simulate the kinematic behaviours of Half-Scissor Like Elements (H-SLEs) deployable mechanism for spatial deployable structure application under its self-weight. The kinematic equilibriums are formulated to simulate the structural behaviours of H-SLEs deployable mechanism under its own weight from 0° as beam to 90° as column. The results obtained indicated those length and deployment angles are two main parameters impact H-SLEs deployable mechanism under its own weight. Through these studies, it would be beneficial to the designer in predicting the H-SLEs deployable structures behaviours at preliminary design stage.
Decision-making model for Auto-ID technology adoption in the banking industry
Authors: Afrizal F , Vanany I
Published: March 2021

The justification of investment technology Auto-ID (automatic identification) in banks aims to assist practitioners in solving banking problems. A study is needed to find out the importance of investing in Auto-ID technology in a company. This technology will be made in an integrated system that can be used to monitor important documents and assets in the bank with two alternatives that are suitable for this case namely barcode and RFID. In the process of technology adoption, there are various forms of approaches ranging from strategic, economic, analytical and comprehensive where in the case of IT justification is more suitable to use analytic and comprehensive namely DEMATEL and ANP because it needs to capture intangible factors. In the DEMATEL calculation, the operator criteria group with the highest weight is eternity, followed by IT and economic optimization. In addition, it was also found that the most influential recipient groups were satisfaction, cost savings, and expansion. Then in the ANP method, the calculation results are obtained that the global weighting of the criteria with the highest value is an opportunity, followed by benefits, costs, and risks. So that the alternative decision obtained is RFID is the technology chosen for adoption in the banking industry.
Usability testing on developed FES device according to the operator perspective
Authors: Leonardo K , Dewi R S , Sudiarno A
Published: March 2021

The post-paralysis due to stroke, spinal cord injury or musculoskeletal disorder can be restored by rehabilitation. A popular rehabilitation method used today are physiotherapy and therapy using electrical stimulation. Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) is one of the methods of rehabilitation using electrical stimuli, and has been proven to be effective enough to restore muscle function that is weakened due to paralysis. Nowadays, FES devices on the market are designed to rehabilitate only one type of movement and not yet applied wearable and ergonomics design. Meanwhile, the FES devices developed by the laboratory has applied a wearable design and has been able to rehabilitate several movements at once, but not yet for ergonomics design. This study developed a usability instrument and do the usability evaluation for the FES medical devices which is rehabilitate multiple movements on the upper limb. The usability variables chosen for the usability evaluation are simplicity, learnability, memorability, informativeness, and trust ability. Usability evaluation is carried out by distributing questionnaires. Data obtained from the propagation of the questionnaire are processed by statistic method such as average value and standard deviation. The results indicate that the simplicity, learnability, and memorability variables were well applied to the developed FES devices. While the variables informativeness and trust ability dimension are still not properly applied to developed FES devices.
Determine effective pedestrian paths as evacuation routes for landslide disaster (case study: manyaran and kembangarum villages)
Authors: Latuihamallo D W , Susanto N , Susanty A
Published: March 2021

Central Java is one of the provinces in Indonesia that is vulnerable to natural disasters, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides. Landslide incidents in Central Java from 2011-2015 have the highest frequency compared to other disasters, i.e. 568 incidents. Primarily, for landslide, the data shows that the incidents in the city of Semarang have a high frequency. The previous study about the readiness index of several villages in the city of Semarang in facing the landslide disaster has been conducted and the result indicated that 2 out 19 surveyed villages belong to the category not ready for facing the landslides, namely Manyaram and Kembangarum. One of the causes of the lack of readiness is they don’t have an evacuation route. So, based on this condition, the purpose of this study is to determine an effective pedestrian path as evacuation routes for landslide disaster for Manyaram and Kembangarum Villages. In this case, the effective pedestrian path will be determined based on the shortest, fastest, and inexpensive route parameters. The method used in this study is Network Analysis with ArcGIS10.3 applications. The result of this study will display the route map and trip descriptions of the shortest, fastest, and inexpensive route.
Waste transportation route garbage using network analysis method, a research method design
Authors: Maspaitella B J , Susanty A , Purwaningsih R
Published: March 2021

Semarang city is one of the cities in Indonesia and is the centre of the economy, the centre of education and it is also not free from the garbage problem. Garbage production in Semarang City is 1,200 tons per day and not fully transported. The increasing accumulation of garbage can cause pollution of soil, ground water and air. The volume of garbage that has been produced for the Banyumanik district area is 27% of all the total Semarang waste production. It is important to optimizing garbage transportation routes that can minimize transport distances and maximize transportation routes with constrain all transportable points being passed. The method used in this research is network analysis with ArcGIS10.3 application. The results of this study will display the route map of the garbage transportation which minimizes the distance of transportation from the origin to the final disposal site and a description of the trip of the shortest, fastest and cheapest route.
Evaluation of the SAP R/3 system implementation using optimized modules (Case study: Chemicals company)
Authors: Amran T G , Yuniati S
Published: March 2021

This study evaluates the SAP R/3 System Implementation through optimization of modules in resin chemicals industry. The company has implemented SAP R/3 software since 2013, but 62% of it has not been adjusted and need to be evaluated for implementation performance, therefore it is unknown whether SAP already reached its optimum point. Therefore, SAP R/3 evaluation is needed through SY Check List, improvement of forecasting, and Material Requirement Planning (MRP). The chosen product that was calculated was the A category product by ABC analysis. The 6 periods (months) forecasting will be used as a base of Master Production Schedule (MPS) to calculate the raw material requirement. The MRP calculation method used Lot-For-Lot because it does not need price information. SY Check List was used to identify in-optimum modules which SAP provided beforehand. The suggestion made based on the best forecasting calculation was used as other A category products forecasting calculation method. Therefore, SY Check List optimized SAP modules not only as a book data, but also logistic as integrated system which have to be maximized. As actual demand fluctuation forecasting method should be changed. More accurate forecasting will define MRP parameters accuracy.
Optimization operation strategy of electric boilers by mixed integer programming method in nickel production process
Authors: Djati W S , Siswanto N
Published: March 2021

Nickel smelting process requires steam in the process of drying and calcining. Utilities Department is responsible for supplying steam either use electric boiler or fossil fuel. With fluctuations in fuel prices, limited electricity supply, boiler reliability, and government emission limits, it is a challenge for department utilities to produce steam. Planning and selection of boiler operations to produce steam to meet the needs of the smelting process are necessary in order to minimize operating costs and maintain boiler reliability in distributing steam. This condition makes mixed integer programming become the best method to solve the model. Mathematical models are used to determine boiler operations in the wet season and dry season by using mixed integer programming methods. In the wet season, boilers that use electricity can operate because electricity from hydropower is sufficient, although not fully the boiler can meet the steam needed. Whereas in the dry season boilers that use electricity cannot operate due to limited electricity supply generated from hydropower.
Modeling opportunistic maintenance using discrete event simulation
Authors: Budiono A L , Siswanto N , Kurniati N
Published: March 2021

This study aims to create a simulation model of Opportunistic Maintenance (OM). In continuous industries and with a large variety of equipment functions, options for maintenance are very small. Determination of the maintenance schedule is based on the time opportunity created by the inventory level conditions, are blocking by the next process or lack of material from the previous process. The research was conducted by using discrete event simulation to generate arrival time of equipment failure and opportunistic maintenance time from scheduled maintenance and arrival time for maintenance due to inventory conditions. The arrival time of failure and the arrival time of opportunistic maintenance will probably intersect. Such conditions will increase the availability of equipment. Then the replication process is carried out to compare the availability of equipment under real conditions and the expected value of availability from the simulation. Finally, scheduled maintenance can be a decision variable to choose the best maintenance time when faced with fluctuations in demand.
The development of Kansei-based mining model for robust service design
Authors: Hartono M
Published: March 2021

This study proposes a model which shows the importance of Kansei Engineering (KE) methodology in supporting the design of robust services. The KE methodology is enhanced by the Kansei-based mining process, SERVQUAL, and Kano categorization in order to conceptualize robust service design and development. Due to complexity and contextual based, Kansei words as emotion representative are usually formed in fuzzy and abstract terms. It may lead to ambiguous and unclear meaning. Mapping and structuring more representative Kansei is needed. Hence, through Kansei mining system, historical data includes customer Kansei feedbacks are critical. KE model incorporating Kansei mining process followed by expected contribution which captures more organized and captured Kansei of product and service experience is proposed and discussed.
Design of therapy equipment for osteoarthritis patients based on static bikes using QFD and human centre design method
Authors: Prastawa H , Mahachandra A A S M , Salsabila R , Sanu D
Published: March 2021

The most frequently affected by Osteoarthritis (OA) is the knee joint (genu osteoarthritis). Therapeutic exercises for sufferers of knee OA are divided into 6 (six) programs, including strengthening to increase the strength of muscle contraction. The design to develop is based on the existing tools and input from users so that it is easily accessed widely for OA sufferers or doctors or therapists. The best choices for knee OA therapy are aerobics and strengthening of the thigh muscles by training the quadriceps muscles. There are several methods used to train quadriceps muscles, including straightening the legs when sitting and bending the legs while lying on his stomach. Meanwhile, aerobics training requires technology in the form of a static bicycle. This study was conducted based on the product development process, it has several stages that start with making a mission statement. The stages are: identify customer’s needs, establish target specifications, generate product concepts, select product concept(s), test product concept(s), and the last is set the final specifications. This stage of the study resulted in 3 alternative designs and 1 design selective, that have been synthesized from the expectation and desires of the stakeholders and will continue with the design details until the prototype is presented.