bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The efficacy of supervised learning and semi-supervised learning in diagnosis of impacted third molar on panoramic radiographs through artificial intelligence model
Authors: Kim Ji-Youn , Kahm Se Hoon , Yoo Seok , Bae Soo-Mi , Kang Ji-Eun , Lee Sang Hwa
Published: May 2023

Objectives:

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of traditional supervised learning (SL) and semi-supervised learning (SSL) in the classification of mandibular third molars (Mn3s) on panoramic images. The simplicity of preprocessing step and the outcome of the performance of SL and SSL were analyzed.

Methods:

Total 1625 Mn3s cropped images from 1000 panoramic images were labeled for classifications of the depth of impaction (D class), spatial relation with adjacent second molar (S class), and relationship with inferior alveolar nerve canal (N class). For the SL model, WideResNet (WRN) was applicated and for the SSL model, LaplaceNet (LN) was utilized.

Results:

In the WRN model, 300 labeled images for D and S classes, and 360 labeled images for N class were used for training and validation. In the LN model, only 40 labeled images for D, S, and N classes were used for learning. The F1 score were 0.87, 0.87, and 0.83 in WRN model, 0.84, 0.94, and 0.80 for D class, S class, and N class in the LN model, respectively.

Conclusions:

These results confirmed that the LN model applied as SSL, even utilizing a small number of labeled images, demonstrated the satisfactory of the prediction accuracy similar to that of the WRN model as SL.
Conservation Treatment of the Printing Woodblocks with Inscription of “Hunmongjahoe” in the Collection of the Pusan National University Museum
Authors: Jo Sang Yoon , Park Jung Hae , Kim Young Mok , Kang Min Ji , Kim Soo Chul
Published: May 2023

Printing woodblocks with inscription of “Hunmongjahoe”, in the collection of the Pusan National University Museum, is engraved the “Hunmongjahoe” written by Se-jin Choi who is a translator at the reign of King Joongjong of the Joseon Dynasty on the woodblocks, and it is consists of totally 52 pieces of ‘In’, ‘Sang’, ‘Jung’ and ‘Ha’. A conservation treatment was performed because a number of damage to the woody part due to insect damage was confirmed on above woodblocks. A number of traces presumed as the insect holes generated by harmful insects were observed on the surface and inside of the woodblocks as a result of X-ray inspection to determine the approximate size of damage by insects prior to the conservation treatment. In addition, all 52 pieces were identified as Acer spp. as a result of species identification to confirm the tree species used in the woodblocks production. 3D Scan was conducted for digital recording and precise measurement of Printing woodblocks with inscription of “Hunmongjahoe” after the pre-treatment survey and analysis, and it was possible to produce various size-specific end pieces as a result of it. The conservation treatment of woodblocks were performed in the order of cleaning, consolidation treatment, edge of a woodblocks manufacturing and assembly, and it was possible to stably preserve and treat woody part which were degraded and peeled off due to the insects as a result of applying above conservation treatment method.
Provenance Interpretation and Petrological Characteristics of the Four Lion Three-story Stone Pagoda and Stone Lantern in Hwaeomsa Temple, Korea
Authors: Lee Chan Hee , Kim Sung Tae , Chae Woo Min , Park Jun Hyoung
Published: May 2023

In this study, the lithological characteristics of the Four Lion Three-story Stone Pagoda and Stone Lantern in Hwaeomsa temple were analyzed, and the origin was interpreted. The stone properties composing the stone pagoda and the lantern are dark gray medium to coarse grained granodiorite with small to large mafic microgranular enclaves (MME), and show a fairly heterogeneous lithology. The stone properties constituting the main stone cultural heritages in the precincts of the temple use the same granodiorite as the stone pagoda and lantern. Magnetic susceptibilities of the stones ranged from 2.03 to 19.40 (mean 11.59)×10-3 SI unit, and the stones showed an almost identical distribution. The same granodiorites as the stone properties are exposed as a small intrusive rocks in the valley of Hwaeomsa temple, Toji-myeon and Gwangui-myeon area. As a result of comparing the lithological characteristics, magnetic susceptibility and geochemical behavior, it was confirmed that the rocks are identical to very similar rocks used in the stone cultural heritages of the temple. Also, many ancient quarrying traces are found in the outcrops of granodiorite, indicating that this was a place where stone quarried. Therefore, the grandiorite can be used as a substitution stones that may be needed in the repa ir process of the stone pa goda a nd stone la ntern.
A Study on Manufacturing Technique and Corrosion Characteristics of Bronze Dirk, Bronze Sword, Bronze Mirror in Early Iron Age Excavated from the Osong Site in Cheongju
Authors: Kim Woo Hyun , Jeon Ji Min , Cho Nam Chul
Published: May 2023

Metallography, SEM-EDS, and Raman Micro-Spectroscopy analysis were conducted on bronze dirk, bronze sword, and bronze mirror excavated from the pit tomb No. 1-1 at 12th Point of Osong Site in Cheongju to study the manufacturing techniques and corrosion properties. The bronze dirk, bronze sword and bronze mirror are judged to be binary alloys of Cu(79.16∼79.89 wt%)-Sn (19.12∼20.34 wt%). The microstructure is a cast structure composed of δ phase and (α+δ) eutectoid, and no heat treatment was performed. As a result of classifying the corrosion characteristics, it was confirmed that the bronze dirk, bronze sword, bronze mirror were Type I. As a result of EDS analysis in subsurface area, tin oxide is located as a selective corrosion of (α+δ) eutectoid, and as a result of Raman Micro-Spectroscopy analysis, corrosion products of Cassiterite and Malachite were identified for the bronze dirk and Cassiterite for bronze sword and bronze mirror. The secondary metallic copper was mainly present in the hole left by corrosion of Pb particles and on the (α+δ) eutectoid, and was found to be 100.00 wt% of Cu as a result of the analysis, confirming that all of them were high-purity copper.
A Study on the Composition and Manufacturing Technology of Rivets in Bronze Objects
Authors: Kim Woo Hyun , Choi Hyo Ryeong , Cho Nam Chul
Published: May 2023

To completely bond two or more metals, there is a method of applying heat or using a nail. Most bronze containers use nails to bond and repair, which are called rivet techniques. Until now, the manufacturing technology of bronze ware has been conducted by many researchers, but research on rivets used in bronze ware is insufficient. In order to understand the manufacturing technology of bronze ware, research on not only the main body of the container but also each part must be conducted together. In the case of rivets, it is believed that they were made in consideration of the material, color, and economic feasibility suitable for the Bronze Age, and in this study, metallic analysis was conducted focusing on the four rivets excavated. As a result of metal microscope and SEM-EDS analysis, it is judged that the Cu-Sn-Pb ternary alloy and Cu-Ag binary alloy were manufactured using the general casting method. Compared to previous studies, rivets can be divided into (1) 100% pure copper (Cu) (2) Cu-Sn-Pb ternary alloys (Sn, Pb around 10%), and (3) Cu-Ag binary alloys, and this time the analyzed rivets correspond to types (2) and (3). If you study not only rivets but also containers in the future, it will be helpful to understand the manufacturing technology process of bronze containers.
Effect of comprehensive nursing intervention on the efficacy of spleen aminopeptide combined with aerosol inhalation in the treatment of pediatric pneumonia
Authors: Yue Yuan , Liang Qian , Shi Lei , Bai Wen-jing , Fu Juan
Published: May 2023

Objective: To analyze the effect of comprehensive nursing intervention on the efficacy of spleen aminopeptide combined with aerosol inhalation in the treatment of pediatric pneumonia.

Methods: This is a retrospective study. Eighty children with pneumonia admitted to Baoding children’s Hospital from March 2020 to March 2021 were included and randomly divided into two groups. Children in the control group received routine treatment and nursing measures, while those in the experimental group received comprehensive nursing intervention on the basis of routine treatment in the control group. The differences in clinical effect, symptom improvement time, nursing quality score and satisfaction score between the two groups were compared and analyzed.

Results: The efficacy of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p=0.02). After comprehensive nursing intervention, the cough disappearance time, body temperature recovery time, pulmonary rales disappearance time and hospitalization time in the experimental group were significantly shorter than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (p<0.05). The scores of nursing quality such as health guidance, nursing operation, and medication management in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group, with significant differences in the data comparison between the groups (p<0.05). The satisfaction of the experimental group was 100%, which was higher than 90% of the control group, with a statistically significant difference (p=0.04).

Conclusion: Comprehensive nursing intervention boasts various significant effects in the treatment of pediatric pneumonia, such as rapid amelioration of the condition, improvement of efficacy, and enhancement of nursing quality and satisfaction.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.4.7195

How to cite this: Yue Y, Liang Q, Shi L, Bai W, Fu J. Effect of comprehensive nursing intervention on the efficacy of spleen aminopeptide combined with aerosol inhalation in the treatment of pediatric pneumonia. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(4):---------.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.4.7195

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Emerging Role of Radiologist in Multidisciplinary Team Meetings
Authors: Ansari Sadaf arooj
Published: May 2023

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.4.7645

How to cite this: Arooj S. Emerging Role of Radiologist in Multidisciplinary Team Meetings. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(4):919-920.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.4.7645

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Azithromycin in labour to reduce maternal and newborn sepsis and associated deaths: the need for a harmonized approach
Authors: McClure Elizabeth M. , Roca Anna , Kotloff Karen , Carlo Waldemar A. , D'Alessandro Umberto , Tinto Halidou , Camara Bully , Chomba Elwyn , Sow Samba O. , Driscoll Amanda , Hemingway-Foday Jennifer , Tita Alan
Published: May 2023

Maternal and newborn infections are a major contributor to mortality and morbidity globally.  Lost-cost, effective and safe interventions are needed to address these.  Based on promising findings, azithromycin has been identified as potentially effective antibiotic to reduce maternal and newborn infections in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).  However, robust randomized clinical trials in a range of settings are needed to confirm these findings as well as to understand the implications for antimicrobial resistance.  To better understand the impact of azithromycin on maternal and newborn health, at least three clinical trials are being conducted to evaluate azithromycin in LMICs.  We describe these trials, the importance of harmonizing study measures and the potential public health impact of azithromycin in LMICs.
Naturalne metody podnoszenia odporności na infekcje. Immunożywienie
Authors: Różański Henryk
Published: May 2023

Rośliny immunostymulujące zawierają substancje mające zdolność aktywowania i wzmagania czynności ogólnoustrojowego i miejscowego układu odpornościowego. Najważniejszą zasadą podczas naturalnej immunostymulacji jest regularne i długotrwałe zażywanie wybranego preparatu. Oddziaływanie na układ odpornościowy jest trudne i wymaga dostatecznie długiego czasu. Nie zawsze wybrany preparat przynosi oczekiwane efekty. Niektóre rośliny zwiększają odporność organizmu na infekcje, a jednocześnie hamują nadczynność układu immunologicznego i procesówprozapalnych. W handlu dostępne są gotowe, standaryzowane preparaty roślinne, zdolne do podnoszenia odporności na infekcje.
Wierzytelność pieniężna gminy z tytułu nieprzekazania na własność lokali lub budynków zgodnie z wymogami ustalonymi w ramach rozliczenia „lokal za grunt” i jej ochrona
Authors: Słotwiński Szymon
Published: May 2023

W dniu 1 kwietnia 2021 r. weszła w życie ustawa z dnia 16 grudnia 2020 r. o zbywaniu nieruchomości z rozliczeniem „lokal za grunt”, która umożliwia gminom gospodarującym zasobem nieruchomości, a od 10 sierpnia2022 r. także powiatom, w dosyć nowatorski sposób skorzystać z możliwości rozliczenia ceny zbywanej nieruchomości gruntowej nie tylko świadczeniem pieniężnym, ale także poprzez przeniesienie na gminę określonej liczby nieruchomości lokalowych lub zabudowanych nieruchomości gruntowych. W tekście poruszono zagadnienie sposobu ustalania wartości podlegającej skompensowaniu oraz ryzyk z tym związanych, która w przypadku niewykonania przez inwestora (nabywcę nieruchomości) zobowiązania do przeniesienia własności nieruchomości lokalowych lub budynkowych staje się należną gminie wierzytelnością pieniężną chronioną w szczególny sposób. W tym przypadku to przepisy ustawy wskazują nie tylko na konkretny sposób ustalenia wysokości należnej uprawnionej gminie wierzytelności, ale także podstawowy środek dyscyplinowania dłużnika (inwestora) w prawidłowym jego wykonywaniu w postaci obowiązku zapłaty sumy pieniężnej stanowiącej 150% ceny nieruchomości, które inwestor zobowiązał się przekazać na własność gminie w ramach rozliczenia „lokal za grunt”.
Mastectomy – literature review
Authors: Trojan Sara , Błaszczyk Agnieszka , Fussek-Styga Urszula , Kwieciński Jakub , Miszuda Sławomir , Basiaga Bartosz , Bednarz Krzysztof , Szwedkowicz Agata , Leśniak Marek , Heluszka Jakub
Published: May 2023

The dominant approach in the fight against breast cancer is mastectomy. Surgical operations include diagnostic, therapeutic, palliative and reconstructive procedures. The decision as to the procedure depends on the type, location and advancement of the tumor, as well as on the preferences of the patients, the skills of the operator and the availability of methods at a given centre. It is worth noting that with the increasing number of patients, there have also been significant advances in treatment, the surgical techniques used, and consequently the quality of life index has also increased. Nowadays, clinicians' attention is focused not only on the elimination of the cancer, but also on the best possible cosmetic effect of the treatment. In breast cancer, the approach to the patient should be multidisciplinary, because mastectomy and its complications affect the patient's appearance after surgery, as well as psychological aspects, changing self-perception and pain complaints.
Zapomniana historia Stefanii Wolickiej-Arnd (1851–1937) – pierwszej Polki z doktoratem z filozofii
Authors: Kiejzik Lilianna
Published: May 2023

W artykule analizuję problem wyższego wykształcenia dla kobiet w Królestwie Polskim (oraz całej Rosji) w XIX wieku i na tym tle przedstawia życie i dzieło pierwszej Polki, która uzyskała stopień doktora filozofii w Uniwersytecie Zuryskim (1875). Omawiam główne tezy doktoratu Wolickiej oraz jej działalność na rzecz praw kobiet w Polsce po odzyskaniu niepodległości. Opracowanie opiera się na materiałach archiwalnych (Staatsarchiv des Kantos Zürich, Archiv des Stadt Zürich, Universität Archiv Zürich).
Ontogenetyczny i filogenetyczny wymiar zmian językowych w zakresie gramatyki
Authors: Kotin Michaił
Published: May 2023

ONTOGENETIC AND PHYLOGENETIC DIMENSIONS OF LANGUAGE CHANGE IN GRAMMAR This paper discusses selected aspects of the theory of linguistic change in grammar. The main assumption is the claim that the development of the categorial functions of natural languages throughout the time (phylogenesis) mostly coincides with the stadiums of the acquisition of the same categories by an individual (ontogenesis). Using the examples of the development and acquisition of strong and weak verb forms in Germanic languages and the categorial links between aspectuality, temporality and modality of the verb, different stages that characterise the linguistic changes in question are analysed in comparison with the stages of their acquisition in the process of language acquisition among children between 2 and 14 years of age. The analysis proves that the connections between ontogenesis and phylogenesis are complex, so they cannot be always explained in a simple and definite manner. The change in either sphere has its own specific features and runs mutatis mutandis in both spheres.
Ile jest słów pochodzenia ukraińskiego we współczesnej polszczyźnie ogólnej?
Authors: Fałowski Adam
Published: May 2023

HOW MANY WORDS OF UKRAINIAN ORIGIN ARE THERE IN MODERN GENERAL POLISH?
The answer the question posed in the title is by no means simple. So far, no analytical-synthetic work has appeared which would constitute a summary of detailed studies within the aforementioned area. In the article, the author cites and confronts quantitative data taken from the most important studies devoted to the issue of lexical influences of the Ukrainian language on contemporary general Polish, and the latest lexicographical sources. For the time being, we must be satisfied with the statement that the list of Ukrainianisms (rutenisms) in contemporary Polish general language includes between 106 and 366 words. This state of affairs certainly does not bring pride to Polish linguistics.
Stylizacja na język warszawskich blokersów w kreskówce Blok ekipa
Authors: Szamryk Konrad K.
Published: May 2023

STYLIZATION FOR THE LANGUAGE OF WARSAW CHAVS IN THE CARTOON BLOK EKIPA The article presents the linguistic stylization for the sociolect of young people living in blocks of flats (chavs) in the adult cartoon entitled Blok ekipa [“Blok of flats – crew”]. The language of the protagonists imitates both elements typical of subcultures and colloquial Polish language: expression, vulgarization, slang and prison vocabulary, as well as language of domination and aggression. In addition, the language of the cartoon characters reflects negligent pronunciation (phonetic, inflectional, dialectisms). Furthermore, the elements that make the series attractive are original comparative structures. The stylization covers almost all levels of the language system (phonetics, inflection, word formation, lexis) and stylistics. Moreover, all the above-mentioned exponents are deliberately cumulated, so the type of stylization in the cartoon might be perceived as reconstructive-manneristic.
The Limits of Centralized Pricing in Online Marketplaces and the Value of User Control
Authors: Filippas Apostolos , Jagabathula Srikanth , Sundararajan Arun
Published: May 2023

We report experimental and quasi-experimental evidence from a “sharing economy” marketplace that transitioned from decentralized to centralized pricing. Centralized pricing increased the utilization of providers’ assets, resulting in higher revenues but also higher transaction costs. Providers who were barred from accessing the price system made nonprice adjustments, including reducing the availability of their assets, canceling booked transactions, and exiting the market. Providers who retained partial pricing control reacted substantially less but experienced similar revenue increases. We highlight the challenges of implementing centralized pricing and assessing its welfare effects. We show that partial control can mitigate these challenges, allowing providers to express their private and heterogeneous preferences while maintaining the benefits of centralization.

This paper was accepted by Gabriel Weintraub, revenue management and market analytics.

Funding: S. Jagabathula was funded in part by the Division of Civil, Mechanical, and Manufacturing Innovation [Grant 1454310].

Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4789 .
A Microstructural Approach to Self-Organizing: The Emergence of Attention Networks
Authors: Tonellato Marco , Tasselli Stefano , Conaldi Guido , Lerner Jürgen , Lomi Alessandro
Published: May 2023

A recent line of inquiry investigates new forms of organizing as bundles of novel solutions to universal problems of resource allocation and coordination: how to allocate organizational problems to organizational participants and how to integrate participants’ resulting efforts. We contribute to this line of inquiry by reframing organizational attention as the outcome of a concatenation of self-organizing, microstructural mechanisms linking multiple participants to multiple problems, thus giving rise to an emergent attention network. We argue that, when managerial hierarchies are absent and authority is decentralized, observable acts of attention allocation produce interpretable signals that help participants to direct their attention and share information on how to coordinate and integrate their individual efforts. We theorize that the observed structure of an organizational attention network is generated by the concatenation of four interdependent micromechanisms: focusing, reinforcing, mixing, and clustering. In a statistical analysis of organizational problem solving within a large open-source software project, we find support for our hypotheses about the self-organizing dynamics of the observed attention network connecting organizational problems (software bugs) to organizational participants (volunteer contributors). We discuss the implications of attention networks for theory and practice by emphasizing the self-organizing character of organizational problem solving. We discuss the generalizability of our theory to a wider set of organizations in which participants can freely allocate their attention to problems and the outcomes of their allocation are publicly observable without cost.

Funding: Financial support for this work was provided by the Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung [Grant 100018_150126] (“Relational event modes for bipartite networks with application to collaborative problem solving,” P.I. Alessandro Lomi) and by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Grant 321869138] (“Statistical analysis of time-stamped multi-actor events in social networks,” P.I. Jüergen Lerner).

Supplemental Material: The supplemental video containing the dynamic visualization of the data is available at https://zenodo.org/record/7564503 and in the e-companion (available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.1674 ).
Cognitive appraisal of illness versus expectations towards doctors and health-related behaviours in individuals with short- and long-standing diagnosis of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Zawadzka Ewa , Domańska Łucja
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Patients with diabetes need to be actively involved in the treatment process, i.e. treatment regimens and regular health check-ups. The aims of the study were to assess the profiles of illness cognitive appraisals in individuals with type 2 diabetes, and to recognize the relationships between illness cognitive appraisals and both expectations towards doctors and readiness to health-related behaviours.
Materials and methods: A total number of 99 participants with type 2 diabetes were divided into short- and long-standing diagnosis sub-groups. Illness-Related Appraisals Scale, The Patient Requests Form, Health-Related Behavior Inventory were administered.
Results: The comparison of most representative profiles showed significant differences between sub-groups in perceiving the illness as threat, benefit, obstacle/loss. In both sub-groups, treating the illness as a benefit determined patient’s expectations of emotional support from doctors. In patients with long-standing diagnosis also threat, value, obstacle/loss and harm impact significantly on the patients’ expectations towards doctors. Treating the illness as a challenge explained about 24% of variability of eating habits and 29% of preventive behaviours.
Conclusions: Participants with long-standing diagnosis treat their illness as threatening and disturbing. In these patients many dimensions of cognitive appraisal are related to seeking information about the illness and to a need of emotional support from doctors. On the contrary, in individuals with short-standing diagnosis, only perceiving their illness as a benefit is associated with the expectation towards their doctors to provide emotional support and explanation of the illness. Our study proved that perceiving the long-lasting illness as a challenge contributes to readiness to follow health-related behaviours.
Keywords: type 2 diabetes, health-related behaviour, attitude to illness
cidadania e comunidade no contexto democrático ocidental: análise filosófico-educacional
Authors: Fonseca ortega Bruno , Fanzini tibaldeo Roberto
Published: May 2023

This paper endeavors to carry out a philosophical analysis of the current state of civic education in Western democracies, in order to deal with the problematic dualism between extreme individualism and endogamic communitarianism, which alters the relational modalities and specific lifestyles that characterize human plurality. As such, the intention of this article is to understand how the formation of citizens supported by the practice of philosophy can cultivate a dialogical, open, and pluralistic community capable of facing this duality. For this purpose, we carried out a systematic and critical analysis of books and articles that, in dealing with the relationship between the individual and the community, aim to overcome the above-mentioned problematic dualism. Among the results of this study, we found that Matthew Lipman and Ann Sharp’s Philosophy for Children (P4C) program contributes significantly to the empowerment of citizens, and supports the development of their ability to engage in dialogue in search of creative and ethical solutions in the diverse circumstances of daily life. Moreover, P4C contributes to the achievement of communities characterised by solidarity, plurality, openness, and self-correction, and which are oriented toward the rigorous search for the common good. Therefore, we conclude that community-based philosophical practices such as P4C can contribute to civic education and the formation of responsible citizens, offering a possible paradigm to develop the humanistic axis of the individual and promote openness to diversity.
Para investigar o mar precisei atravessar a pele: notas sobre moluscos, memória e ancestralidade
Authors: Rocha Mariana da Silva
Published: May 2023

Resumo: Parto da ideia de que há um mar dentro do meu corpo. Elejo o polvo e outros moluscos como guias em um mergulho que acontece dentro e fora de mim. Enquanto comparo nossas fisiologias, origens, histórias e peles, penso sobre a mestiçagem e as consequências do sequestro de pessoas africanas para as Américas.Palavras-chave: Mar. Moluscos. Pele. Ancestralidade.   To investigate the sea I had to go through the skin: some notes on molluscs, memory and ancestryAbstract: I start from the idea that there is a sea inside my body. I choose the octopus and other molluscs as guides in a dive that takes place inside and outside of me. As I compare our physiologies, origins, histories and skins, I think about miscegenation and the consequences of kidnapping African people to the Americas.Keywords: Sea. Molluscs. Skin. Ancestry.
Entre bruxas e selvagens: sobre o pensamento dicotômico e a produção de alteridades no cenário artístico da Primeira Modernidade
Authors: Souza Camila de Macedo , Claussen Fabrizio , Lemos Maya Suemi
Published: May 2023

O artigo aborda a dicotomia como fundamento lógico da produção de alteridades constitutiva da modernidade. A partir de dois exemplos, nas artes visuais e na música, busca mostrar que a dicotomia operou igualmente como dispositivo narrativo e formal nessa produção de alteridades.
REFLEXÕES TEÓRICO-CONCEITUAIS SOBRE LINGUAGEM A PARTIR DE PERSPECTIVAS DO CÍRCULO DE BAKHTIN E SUAS INTERSECÇÕES COM OS LETRAMENTOS CRÍTICOS, A DECOLONIALIDADE E O PÓS-HUMANISMO / Theoretical conceptual reflections on language from perspectives of the Bakhtin circle and its intersections with critical literacies, decoloniality, and posthumanism
Authors: Andrade Alan Victor Freitas , Oliveira Janayne Pereira , Silva Noemi Lopes da , Takaki Nara Hiroko
Published: May 2023

Discussões sobre a linguagem a partir da perspectiva do Círculo de Bakhtin têm embasado estudos de diversas áreas, especialmente no campo dos estudos linguísticos. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar algumas reflexões teórico-conceituais sobre linguagem a partir de ideias bakhtinianas, suas intersecções com os Letramentos Críticos, a Decolonialidade e o Pós-humanismo crítico. Partimos da concepção bakhtiniana, pois essa não denota a linguagem somente como norma, mas como elemento de interação sociodiscursiva dos falantes. Essa acepção se intersecciona com os Letramentos Críticos, uma vez que ele compreende a língua/linguagem como de natureza heterogênea e nunca neutra, uma vez que proporciona uma leitura de mundo ampla e transformadora. Na sequência, buscamos estabelecer como a Decolonialidade tende a mostrar que não existe uma história única, linear, eurocêntrica que seja uma base universal de conhecimento, imposto a nações colonizadas e racializadas por muitos anos, e, por fim, buscamos evidenciar de que modo o Pós-humanismo empenha-se em abstrair o sentido humano do processo, tanto quanto considera os elementos não humanos mais envolvidos na construção de sentido. Para tanto, realizamos uma pesquisa bibliográfica pautada em pressupostos teóricos. A partir do que apresentamos, concluímos que é possível promover diálogos profícuos entre estudos sobre a linguagem, a partir de argumentos bakhtinianos e pressupostos dos Letramentos Críticos, da Decolonialidade e do Pós-humanismo, principalmente no que tange à redução das desigualdades sociais presentes no contexto atual.
ENTREVISTA COM ANA PAULA GUIMARÃES / Interview with Ana Paula Guimarães
Authors: Guimarães Ana Paula , Jorge Miriam , Takaki Nara Hiroko , Pessoa Rosane Rocha , Mizan Souzana
Published: May 2023

Entrevista dossiê 27Letras
Fifty years of progress in paediatric dentistry
Authors: Timms Laura , Rodd Helen , Day Peter , Morgan Annie , Harris Jenny , Stevens Claire , Deery Chris
Published: May 2023

Progress in paediatric dentistry over the last half a century has been evident across all areas of the speciality. This article highlights significant changes in the diagnosis, prevention and management of dental caries, traumatic dental injuries, developmental enamel defects, tooth erosion, dental fear and anxiety and safeguarding children. The dedication of clinicians and researchers along with advances in material science and technology have supported this progress. We discuss the importance of working with those both within and outside of the specialty in order to collaborate to improve children’s oral health. There have been significant strides in the provision of child-centred holistic care and research. Reviewing the advancements made over this period has set a high precedent for making further progress within paediatric dentistry over the next 50 years.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Knowledge of key advances in the field of paediatric dentistry will facilitate good diagnosis and treatment of younger patients.
Endodontic Update: 50 years of progress
Authors: Bonsor Stephen J , Saunders William P
Published: May 2023

The science of endodontology and the practice of endodontics have changed immeasurably in the last 50 years. Improved understanding of the aetiology of peri-radicular diseases, in particular the central role of micro-organisms, has driven a more biological approach to treatment. Advances in technology have brought to market sophisticated armamentaria that have facilitated and enhanced clinical delivery. The development of biomaterials and the refinement of clinical techniques have contributed to improved outcomes for both non-surgical and surgical endodontic treatments. The present article summarizes the changes in this field in the past 50 years, and updates the reader on contemporary clinical endodontic practice.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: An awareness of historical developments in the field of endodontics provides useful context and an increased understanding of current practices
Helping staff during the cost of living crisis
Authors: Bernstein Adam , Marshall Toyah
Published: May 2023

Adam Bernstein and Toyah Marshall discuss what businesses can do to help their staff amid the cost of living crisis.
Social care funding for England halved: implications for staff and older people
Authors: Abrahams Caroline
Published: May 2023

Caroline Abrahams discusses the implications of the reduced budget that has been allocated to develop the adult social care workforce.
A New Edible Species of Cystodermella (Agaricaceae, Agaricales) from Mexico
Authors:   Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Texcoco Estado de México, Mexico, Vásquez Olivia Ayala , Moreno-Solís Susana ,   Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Texcoco Estado de México, Mexico, Martínez-Reyes Magdalena ,   Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Texcoco Estado de México, Mexico, Olvera- Noriega Joan Windhoek ,   Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Texcoco Estado de México, Mexico, Pérez-Moreno Jesús ,   Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Texcoco Estado de México, Mexico
Published: May 2023

As part of our effort to study wild edible mushrooms from central Mexico. We collected two specimens of Cystodermella. Cystodermella mazahuensis is described as a new species from Mexico. This species has biocultural importance as food for the Mazahua people of the State of Mexico located in Central Mexico. Cystodermella mazahuensis differs from other related species by its small cheilocystidia (17–30 × 4–5 μm) and molecular phylogenetic analysis. This is the fourth edible species known in the genus Cystodermella along with C. cinnabarina, C. granulosa, and C. japonicum. Comprehensive descriptions, illustrations and molecular phylogeny of the nrITS region are provided.
Mathematical Modeling of Antibiotic Resistance in Hospital with Dysbiosis
Authors:   Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of the Philippines Baguio, Baguio City 2600 Philippines, Llenos Luzz Claire P. , Miranda Ivy Lorelei G. ,   Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of the Philippines Baguio, Baguio City 2600 Philippines, Domogo Andrei A. ,   Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of the Philippines Baguio, Baguio City 2600 Philippines, Collera Juancho A. ,   Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of the Philippines Baguio, Baguio City 2600 Philippines
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we propose and study a transmission model among individuals in a hospital of antibiotic-resistant bacteria considering dysbiosis. The transmission of such bacteria in a hospital setting has been the focus of several previous researches. However, the aspect and contribution of antibioticinduced dysbiosis was not considered in the existing literature. Antibiotics impact the human intestinal microbiome for it unintentionally affects the needed gut microbiota diversity which are fundamental drivers of health and disease in humans. This unintentional destabilization of the healthy human microbiome results in microbial imbalance called dysbiosis. The goal of this paper is to analyze the dynamics of the proposed model in order to come up with insights and possible strategies to control antibiotic-resistant bacterial transmission among individuals in a hospital considering dysbiosis. Possible equilibria of the model system include the resistance-free equilibrium and the endemic equilibrium. The stability of the former means that the antibiotic resistance dies out, while the stability of the latter implies that the antibiotic resistance persists. We determined using sensitivity analysis that the most infl uential parameter is the drug 1 treatment rate. Moreover, we found a threshold value for this parameter, using numerical continuation, where the antibiotic resistance persists. These results provide insights on how to strategize to control the transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in this setting.
The Stimulation of the Anticancer Chemical Taxol in Taxus baccata
Authors: Zhoulideh Yalda , Mohammadi Yousef , Mashayekhi Mohammad Reza
Published: May 2023

Taxol is an anticancer drug that is widely used in cancer treatment worldwide. Since the source of the drug is a plant, the increase in its production is one of the concerns of researchers. One way to increase the production of Taxol is to use stimulants for secondary metabolite production. Therefore, in this study, methyl jasmonate was used as a bioelicitor, and its effect on Taxol production was evaluated. For this purpose, Taxus baccata was elicited for 48 and 72 hours with concentrations at 0, 100, 250, and 500 μM methyl jasmonate, and the quantities of Taxol in the leaf and stem explants were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that among the leaf and stem explants, a tremendous amount of Taxol production is related to the leaf, which is a great advantage in reducing the number of trees cut down to obtain Taxol. In addition, the 48-hour elicitation time demonstrated the best result in the production of Taxol. The optimal concentration of methyl jasmonate was also estimated at 500 μM and 0.326 mg/g of dried leaf biomass. The results of this experiment showed that methyl jasmonate has the potential to be used as a biological elicitor to produce considerable amounts of Taxol in Taxus baccata.
Medical Humanism in the Posthuman Era: A Critical Examination of its Past, Present, and Future
Authors: HWANG Imkyung
Published: May 2023

This paper explores the historical and contemporary significance of medical humanism and its potential value in medical education. Medical humanities emerged as a response to the issues arising from science-driven modern medicine, most notably the marginalization of the individual in medical practice. Medical humanism has evolved to become a guiding ideology in shaping the theory and practice of medical humanities.However, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought about significant changes in medical humanities, challenging the foundations of humanism beyond medical humanism. The rise of posthumanism raises fundamental questions about humanism itself. The climate crisis, driven by human greed and capitalism’s exploitation of nature, has led to the emergence of viruses that transcend species boundaries. The overflow of severely ill patients has highlighted the classic medical ethics problem of “who should be saved first” in Korea, and medical humanism is facing a crisis. Various marginalized groups have also pointed out the biases inherent in medical humanism.With this rapidly changing environment in mind, this paper examines the past and present of medical humanism in order to identify the underlying ideology of medical humanism and its future potential in medical education. This paper assumes that there are two axes of humanism: human-centeredness and anthropocentrism. Medical humanism has historically developed along the axis of human-centeredness rather than anthropocentrism, emphasizing the academic inquiry into human nature and conditions, as well as the moral element of humanity.Furthermore, this paper discusses the challenges that medical humanism faces from post-human centeredness and post-anthropocentrism, as well as the recent discourse on posthumanism. Finally, the implications of this shift in medical humanism for the education of the history of medicine are briefly explored.
Education of History of Medicine for 80 Years: History and Current Status in Republic of Korea
Authors: LEE Sangmi T , YEH Byung-Il
Published: May 2023

Medical history education enables the medical students to understand the humanistic aspects of medicine and also help to promote the professionalism of doctors. It makes them understand the disappearing or emerging diseases by recognizing the historical changes and trends to respond appropriately. Therefore, it is helpful to study and understand modern medicine.As of March 2023, 22 (55.0%) out of 40 medical schools in Republic of Korea have medical history course as an independent subject and two schools have integrated courses with medical ethics. Compared to 53.1% in 1995 and 56.2% in 2010, similar percentage of medical schools maintained the subject independently. However, the average credits of 18 schools in 2023(2.0) are higher than those of 1995(1.4) and 2010(1.2).The number of full-time professor who specialized in the history of medicine was 2 in 1995, 6 in 2010, and 11 in 2023. Generally, a full-time professor majoring medical history tend to have other duties besides the education and research of medical history, depending on the role of the department to which he or she belongs since they are assigned to the humanities education other than medical history education.Currently, the curriculums that have been recommended by Korea Association of Medical Colleges(KAMC), Korean Institute of Medical Education and Evaluation(KIMEE), and The Korean Society of Medical Education(KSMED), emphasize medical humanities but do not necessarily include the medical history. As a result, medical history courses have increased slightly, but the other humanities classes have increased significantly since 2000.The knowledge of medical history will help students become a doctor, and a doctor with professionalism adapting to the rapidly changing medical environment. Students will also be able to establish the ideas they must pursue in the present era when they come into contact with numerous historical situations. And if they share a sense of history, they will inspire a sense of unity as a profession and will be more active in solving social problems such as health equity.It is hoped that The Korean Society for the History of Medicine will step forward to set the purpose and goal of the medical history education, and organize the contents of the education. Classes should be prepared so that students are interested in them, and education should be focused on how the contents of education will be able to be used in medicine. To this end, it is necessary to establish the basic learning outcomes of history of medicine, and prepare learning materials based on these learning outcomes. It is also necessary to increase the competencies of educators for the history of medicine, such as performing workshops.With the dedication of the pioneers who devoted their energy to the education of medical history, it is expected that medical history will find out what to do in medical education to foster better doctors and provide better education.
Influence of maturity and harvest region on the chemical composition and physicochemical properties of oils derived from macauba fruits
Authors: Silva Gisele Cristina Rabelo
Published: May 2023

Macauba (Acrocomia aculeata) is a good source of vegetable oil in tropical America. Its fruits are highly suitable for biodiesel, cosmetics and food production owing to the high quality of its oil. However, the influence of maturity and harvest region on the quality of oils is not known. Thus, the chemical composition and physicochemical properties oils extracted from the macauba palm fruit at two regions of Minas Gerais and different maturity stage were investigated. C16:0 and C18:1 were the most abundant fatty acids in the mesocarp oil. C12:0, C14:0, C16:0, and C18:1 prevailed in the kernel oil. The High-Resolution Gas Chromatography analysis revealed triacylglycerols (TGs) with equivalent carbon numbers (CN) ranging between 28 and 54. TGs composed of long-chain fatty acids prevailed in the mesocarp oil (CN52 and CN54). On the other hand, the kernel showed a more complex lipid profile, containing TGs with CN between 30 and 54. The lipid content in the oils increased significantly with the ripening of the fruit and the harvest regions. Furthermore, changes in physicochemical properties were observed for both oils depending on the stage of maturity and harvest point. Macauba oils can be used in several industries, such as food and cosmetics. Thus, for its best use, the physicochemical properties of greatest interest should be evaluated in order to identify the ideal cultivation region and maturity stage.
Analytic plenoptic camera diffraction model and radial distortion analysis due to vignetting
Authors: Ardebili M. , Saavedra G.
Published: May 2023

Using a mathematical approach, this paper presents a generalization of semi-analytical expressions for the point spread function (PSF) of plenoptic cameras. The model is applicable in the standard regime of the scalar diffraction theory while the extension to arbitrary main lens transmission functions generalizes a priori formalism. The accuracy and applicability of the model is well verified against the exact Rayleigh–Sommerfeld diffraction integral and a rigorous proof of convergence for the PSF series expression is made. Since vignetting can never be fully eliminated, it is critical to inspect the image degradation it poses through distortions. For what we believe is the first time, diffractive distortions in the diffraction-limited plenoptic camera are closely examined and demonstrated to exceed those that would otherwise be estimated by a geometrical optics formalism, further justifying the necessity of an approach based on wave optics. Microlenses subject to the edge diffraction effects of the main lens vignetting are shown to translate into radial distortions of increasing severity and instability with defocus. The distortions due to vignetting are found to be typically bound by the radius of the geometrical defocus in the image plane, while objects confined to the depth of field give rise to merely subpixel distortions.