bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clarifying Relations Between Core Features of Psychopathy and Substance (Mis)use: A Replication and Extension in Two Large Independent Samples
Authors: Brieman Chelsea L. , McGarrigle William J. , Cope Lora M. , Kiehl Kent A. , Kosson David S.
Published: April 2024

Two studies examined the consistency of associations between specific components of psychopathy and two indices of drug use: (a) abstinence and (b) severity (i.e., counts) of lifetime substance use disorder (SUD) symptoms. Participants were 418 male county jail inmates in Illinois (Study One) and 354 male state prison inmates in New Mexico (Study Two). Across samples, lifestyle and antisocial trait ratings were associated with a reduced likelihood of abstinence from most substances. Lifestyle traits were also uniquely associated with severity of substance dependence ratings. Consistent with prior research, interpersonal traits were uniquely related to cocaine indices in both samples. Furthermore, analyses revealed negative associations between the affective features of psychopathy and alcohol dependence in one sample (Study Two), and illicit substance use across samples. These findings demonstrate the robustness of the associations between the interpersonal and affective features of psychopathy and specific aspects of substance (mis)use.
The Crow Clubwoman
Authors: Theobald Brianna
Published: April 2024

This article explores the history of the Crow Indian Woman’s Club, an organization founded in 1930 that persisted, on and off, through the early 1980s. Marshalling their identities as “educated Indian women” and lacking direct channels of political power, Crow clubwomen relied heavily on the written word, creating a paper trail of the club’s perspectives. Foregrounding sources produced and curated by clubwomen and their descendants, this article recounts these women’s advocacy in health, education, and family life, as well as politics and policy—as women and tribal members, but also as clubwomen who took their responsibility for advancing their people’s welfare seriously. Toward this end, they navigated complicated alliances, including with the colonial state and with white clubwomen whose commitment to Crow causes proved fickle.
Kennzahlen, Indikatoren & Co.
Authors: Blome Marcus , Thiele Mouna
Published: April 2024

Kennzahlen haben seit jeher eine hohe Bedeutung in den Wirtschaftswissenschaften: Unternehmen streben danach profitabler zu werden, Volkswirtschaften nach BIP-Wachstum. All das muss gemessen werden und wird in Form von Kennzahlen verdichtet. Mit Kennzahlen wird dann informiert, entschieden und incentiviert – mitunter auch manipuliert. Daher ist es unerlässlich, dass Hochschulabsolventen und -absolventinnen die Kompetenz zum (kritischen) Umgang mit ihnen erwerben.
Neue Anforderungen in der Nachhaltigkeitsberichterstattung
Authors: Nothhelfer Robert
Published: April 2024

Um die Ziele des Pariser Klimaabkommens zu erreichen, hat die Europäische Union vielfältige Aktivitäten unternommen, insbesondere auch im Bereich Nachhaltigkeitsberichterstattung. Diese wird deutlich erweitert sowohl inhaltlich durch die ersten rechtlich bindenden Standards als auch im Hinblick auf die betroffenen Unternehmen. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die aktuellen Anforderungen in der Nachhaltigkeitsberichterstattung, die besonders für die mittelständische Wirtschaft herausfordernd sein dürften.
Exantema en enfermedad por virus de inmunodeficiencia humana, ¿manifestación de infección o reacción alérgica?
Authors: Bertozzi Silvano , Veloz Ximena , Cedeño Stephanie , Jácome Aracely , León Pedro
Published: April 2024

A male patient presented with a maculopapular, non-pruritic rash, without palmoplantar involvement, after receiving treatment with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for seven days due to gastrointestinal symptoms. After taking a complete medical history and using fourth-generation tests confirmed HIV infection. On the fifth day of antiretroviral treatment, he presented new erythematous lesions with thick, pruritic scaling, facial edema and eosinophilia. A skin biopsy reported lichenoid dermatitis, with spongiosis, vacuolar degeneration of the basal layer, necrotic keratinocytes and eosinophil infiltrate, characteristics that favor drug reaction. The treatment consisted of interrupting the combined therapy, using systemic corticosteroids, antihistamines and since it was not a severe condition, antiretroviral treatment restarted without complications.
Desenlace fatal en paciente con coinfección entre SARS-CoV-2 y dengue
Authors: Ramírez Juan , Noreña-Buitrón Lizeth , Estela-Zape Jose
Published: April 2024

COVID-19, a result of SARS-CoV-2 infection, is characterized by a primary impact on the alveolar cells of the respiratory system. However, the possibility of co-infection with dengue virus (DENV) has been documented, triggering a severe systemic inflammatory response. This heightened inflammatory response leads to a substantial release of viral RNA into the cellular cytoplasm, which amplifies the viral load and aggravates lung damage, causing multiple organ dysfunction. In the case of DENV, the infection induces a cytokine storm that increases capillary permeability, resulting in plasma leakage. The present report aims to describe a case of an adult male patient with COVID-19 and dengue co-infection who had a fatal outcome.
Tumor neuroendocrino primario de hígado
Authors: Galarreta Lucia F. , Yeren Cecilia , Zeta Christian , Vásquez Eric
Published: April 2024

Neuroendocrine tumors generally originate in the digestive tract or pancreas, developing liver metastases throughout their evolution. The presence of a primary neuroendocrine tumor of the liver is still controversial and there are very few cases. We present a case of a primary neuroendocrine tumor of the liver confirmed by anatomo-pathological study and images. The patient underwent two major liver resections, lastly preserving only segment IV.
Infradesnivel del segmento ST y neumotórax espontáneo izquierdo
Authors: Rico-Lozano Jonathan Andrés , Cusba-Infante Álvaro Iván , Cubillos-Rojas Julian David , Serrano-Giraldo Julian , Casas-Castro Onofre
Published: April 2024

Spontaneous pneumothorax is a rare entity, and its association with electrocardiographic changes is infrequent. In these cases, the most frequent abnormalities are ST-segment elevation, T-wave inversion and poor R wave progression in precordial leads. We present the case of a 25-year-old man who experienced a left spontaneous pneumothorax secondary to a subpleural bleb. Upon admission, his electrocardiogram revealed ST-segment depression in the inferior leads and aVF. These findings resolved following management of pneumothorax through thoracotomy.
Actitud frente a la eutanasia y factores asociados en estudiantes del último año de medicina humana
Authors: Tena Valladolid Milagros Valeria , Ocampo Zegarra Juan Carlos
Published: April 2024

Sr. Editor,
La eutanasia es la inducción indolora de la muerte de un paciente sin perspectiva de cura, bajo su consentimiento. Constituye un tema controversial en la práctica médica (1), en Perú, está prohibida por los artículos 112 y 113 del código penal (2). A nivel internacional, las actitudes de profesionales médicos y estudiantes de medicina hacia la eutanasia revelan asociación con la religión, el género y la experiencia clínica (3–5). Estudios nacionales reportaron desde actitudes negativas (6), hasta un 60% de apoyo a la eutanasia (7). La poca investigación en este campo en Perú crea la necesidad de analizar la actitud frente a la eutanasia y sus factores asociados en estudiantes de medicina humana.
Características de la población residente en áreas de trasmisión de leishmaniasis en el Perú, 2010 – 2022
Authors: Arrasco Juan , Vargas Linares Elena , Vargas María
Published: April 2024

Introducción. La leishmaniasis es una enfermedad zoonótica endémica con amplia distribución en Perú. Objetivo. Identificar los escenarios de transmisión de leishmaniasis y la población que reside en estos, e identificar las características de las poblaciones afectadas durante el periodo 2010 a 2022. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo, transversal, ecológico con unidad de análisis el nivel distrital. Se utilizó datos de fuentes secundarias de acceso público. Resultados. En el periodo de estudio se reportaron 85 117 casos, 7 374 007(22,08%) habitantes residían en 543 distritos con transmisión continua, 11 467 420 (34,33%) habitantes que residían en 454 distritos con reporte esporádico de casos y 14 558 983(43,59%) residían en 893 distritos libres de trasmisión. El 98,16% de los casos ocurrieron en distritos con trasmisión continua, el 1,84%, en distritos con reporte esporádico de casos. La incidencia acumulada media anual fue 3,48 casos/10 000 habitantes. 18 departamentos reportaban trasmisión continua, Madre de Dios (42,45 casos/10 000 habitantes) y Cusco (15,78 casos/10 000 habitantes) tuvieron las tasas más altas. Las poblaciones de mayor riesgo son: hombres, adolescentes y jóvenes; residentes de distritos: de selva, del quintil de mayor pobreza monetaria, del quintil con mayor porcentaje con al menos 1 NBI, y del quintil de menor índice de desarrollo humano. Conclusión: La leishmaniasis tiene amplia distribución en Perú, 56,41% de la población habita en distritos que reportan casos. Existen grupos poblacionales con mayor riesgo absoluto, los cuales pueden ser blanco de intervenciones diferenciadas de prevención y control.
Creation of an electronic learner corpus of French as a foreign language
Authors: Tsaknaki Olympia
Published: April 2024

According to research findings, learner corpora can have many functions in the field of Applied Linguistics. This was the thinking behind the creation of the KPG Learner Corpus of French1. This interlanguage corpus is comprised of written productions in French obtained from Greek-speaking learners/users of French who participated in the differentiated and graded certification examinations for the National Foreign Language Exam System (Κρατικό Πιστοποιητικό Γλωσσομάθειας, ΚΠΓ) in Greece. It is an ongoing project, which, in its present form, is comprised of 630 written productions of Levels A, B and C (165 000 words) covering a period of two years (2018-2019). As regards its potential applicability and value, useful observations could bring to the fore choices, problems and errors relating to the learners’ interlanguage.
Total polyphenolic, antioxidants, and cytotoxic activity of infusions from soursop (Annona muricata) leaves from two Mexican regions
Authors: Grijalva-Verdugo Claudia , Rodríguez-Núñez Jesús Rubén , Núñez-Colin Carlos Alberto , Aguirre-Mancilla César Leobardo , Montoya-Anaya Diana , Villareal-Fuentes Juan Manuel , Balois-Morales Rosendo , Rodríguez-Carrillo María Guadalupe
Published: April 2024

Infusions of soursop or graviola (Annona muricata L.) leaves have been used as alternative medicine for their phytochemical composition, pharmacological and cytotoxic activity that are related with antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Infusions of soursop leaves were obtained at 5, 10, and 15 min in samples collected from the Chiapas and Nayarit regions of Mexico. Total soluble phenols (TSP), flavonoids (FC), condensed tannins (CT), total anthocyanins (AC), antioxidant activity, attenuated total reflectance – Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis (FTIR-TRA), cytotoxic activity in MCF7 and HT-29 cell lines were evaluated. The average contents of TSP, FC, CT and AC were as follows: 0.229±0.006 mg gallic acid equivalents ml-1, 0.177±0.003 mg catechin equivalents ml-1, 0.298±0.012 mg cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalents ml-1, and 0.189±0.003 mg catechin equivalents ml-1, respectively. The FTIR-ATR analysis determined carbonyl, hydroxyl, ester, and carboxylic acid groups. The antioxidant activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) were 0.446±0.014 and 3.53±0.515 mM Trolox equivalents ml-1, respectively. The extraction yields of TSP, FC, CT, and AC by infusion were 88.41, 66.12, 34.93, and 56.09%, respectively. The antioxidant activity was 50.77% for ABTS and 21.44% for DPPH. Cytotoxic activity was present against the MCF7 (80%) cell line. The infusions had high polyphenol contents, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities.
Predation of Micrurus cf. carvalhoi (Serpentes: Elapidae) by Cariama cristata (Cariamiformes: Cariamidae)
Authors: Dias Marcelo Augusto Pereira Coelho , Vieira Eduarda Melo de Abreu , Assis Clodoaldo Lopes de , Feio Renato Neves
Published: April 2024

Predation upon Micrurus coral snakes is rarely seen, and therefore seldom reported. In this work we document a new predation record of Micrurus cf. carvalhoi by Cariama cristata, thus contributing with information about the trophic relationship between this venomous snake species and its predators.
Dementia stigma: representation and language use
Authors: Putland Emma , Brookes Gavin
Published: April 2024

Linguistic choices are widely understood to have the potential to contribute to, but also to challenge, dementia stigma. This scoping review therefore aims to better understand: 1) the characteristics of language-oriented studies into representations of dementia and people with dementia, particularly regarding theoretical engagement with dementia stigma; and 2) what specific linguistic features have the potential to contribute to and/or challenge dementia stigma. Using Scopus, PubMed, PsychInfo and Google Scholar, 44 papers published between January 2000 and December 2022 were selected and thematically synthesized. We found that the number of publications addressing language and dementia stigma increased dramatically over the period covered. Most studies (75 %) did not explicitly define their use of the term stigma, and those that did drew on a range of theories and sources. Linguistic features associated with stigma included catastrophizing metaphors and the personification of dementia as a cruel enemy. Distancing and delegitimizing strategies were popularly used for people living with dementia, including homogenization, negative group labels, dehumanizing metaphors, infantilization and passivization. Humor could be used to perpetuate dementia stigma, but also to resist and reclaim stigmatizing discourses. Dementia stigma could be challenged through redefining the roles attributed to social actors, directly critiquing harmful discourses, and by providing counter-discourses. Counter-discourses used normalizing, holistic, person-centerd, rights-based, optimistic and affirmative language. Overall, a complex picture of language and dementia stigma emerges. Based on our review of the 44 papers considered, we argue that much language has the potential to perpetuate or resist stigma, and that this is shaped by and depends upon the broader discursive context within which such language use takes place.
Language and Aging Research in Open Science platforms
Authors: Bowie David , Gerstenberg Annette
Published: April 2024

Open Science is not just a rewarding endeavor for those involved in Language and Aging Research (LAR), but an important pursuit in its own right. The editorial presents two Open Science platforms and asks whether and how LAR topics are addressed. The transmission of academic knowledge to a wider public of practitioners, older adults and their environment could potentially improve the daily challenges of family life and care settings. Beyond this unidirectional transmission, the presence of a wider public and the awareness of channels to spread the knowledge can also inspire research and help to focus on relevant topics suitable for applications in real world scenarios.
An Implementation Analysis of a Staffing Protocol for Hospital Chaplaincy
Authors: Shaw Martin , Taylor Christian
Published: April 2024

A large metropolitan hospital in the southeastern United States implemented the Grant Riverside Staffing Process (GRASP) in its pastoral care department. This staffing recommendation model provides a practical approach to inpatient unit assessment and may assist in providing chaplains with evidence to demonstrate staffing needs. However, more research must be done to understand how methodological approaches might curtail its limitations and provide a model for generalized use in different contexts.
Grung, A. H. (Ed.) (2023). Complexities of Spiritual Care in Plural Societies: Education, Praxis and Concepts
Authors: Cheng Fung Kei
Published: April 2024

Grung, A. H. (Ed.) (2023). Complexities of Spiritual Care in Plural Societies: Education, Praxis and Concepts. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 273 pp. (hbk). ISBN: 9783110717235.
Tariff Rate Uncertainty and the Structure of Supply Chains
Authors: Heise Sebastian , Pierce Justin R. , Schaur Georg , Schott Peter K.
Published: April 2024

We show that reducing the probability of a trade war promotes long-term importer-exporter relationships that ensure provision of high-quality inputs via incentive premia. Empirically, we introduce a method for distinguishing between these long-term relationships--which the literature has termed "Japanese" due to their introduction by Japanese firms--from spot-market relationships in customs data. We show that the use of "Japanese" relationships varies intuitively across trading partners and products and find that the use of such relationships increases after a reduction in the possibility of a trade war. Extending the standard general equilibrium trade model to encompass potential trade wars and relational contracts, we estimate that eliminating "Japanese" procurement reduces welfare about a third as much as moving to autarky.
Multiple records of the introduced parthenogenetic Smooth-scaled Tegulet, Gymnophthalmus underwoodi Grant 1958, in Puerto Rico
Authors: Rivera Danielle , Zegarra Jan , Puente-Rolon Alberto , Arocho-Hernandez Nahira , Hostetter Nathan , Collazo Jaime , Bell Rayna
Published: April 2024

The introduction of invasive species to islands can be devastating to local biota. While many invasive species’successful colonization of new habitats can be attributed to features like high fecundity or low mate selectivity,parthenogenetic species pose a unique threat in their ability to reproduce asexually at high rates. The Smooth-scaledTegulet (Gymnophthalmus underwoodi), first described from Barbados in the 1950s, has since been documented as anintroduced species across additional Lesser and Greater Antillean islands as well as northwestern Brazil and Venezuela.Herein we report multiple individuals from Puerto Rico, including the first genetic records, which indicate that theindividuals on this island are most closely related to populations recorded from Brazil and Montserrat. Additionalgenetic information is necessary to determine the timing and migration of this species across the Caribbean. Regardless,the continued geographic expansion of this parthenogen across the Caribbean could present a threat to local fauna.
EFFECT OF OUTPUT VOLTAGE ON AN AZ91D MAGNESIUM ALLOY ROLLED USING AN ELECTRIC PULSE TREATMENT
Authors: Feng Jing , Zhou Yuezhang , Liu Dehua , Zhang Yong , Geng Guihong
Published: April 2024

Magnesium alloys have poor deformation properties at room temperature, and the application of an electric pulse current during deformation can improve the plastic-forming ability. In this study, the electric pulse rolling of AZ91D magnesium alloy specimens has been examined by changing the pulse output voltage. The results demonstrate that the best surface quality and lowest content (8.4 %) of the β-Mg17Al12 phase are achieved at an output voltage of 300 V. EBSD tests have revealed the lowest weave strength on {0002} and {100} at a pulse output voltage of 300 V, as well as the greatest enhancement of twinning. The maximum tensile strength was 165 MPa at an output voltage of 300 V, with a maximum elongation of 4.1 % at an output voltage of 200 V.
Pharmacoresistant epilepsy with electrical status epilepticus during slow-wave sleep: a clinical case
Authors: Maslov M. S.
Published: April 2024

The article presents a clinical case of epilepsy with electrical status epilepticus during slow-wave sleep, the example of which shows the relevance of the issue of timely diagnosis and prescription of adequate anti-epileptic therapy in this syndrome. The role of regular electroencephalographic sleep monitoring in order to monitor the effectiveness of therapeutic measures is emphasized, and the main difficulties in making this diagnosis and choosing the correct anti-epileptic treatment are shown.
Genetic factors of thrombosis FII G20210A, FV G1691A (Arg506Gln) in patients with thoracoabdominal malignant tumors
Authors: Korolyova A. A. , Gerasimov S. S. , Lyubchenko L. N.
Published: April 2024

Introduction. Malignant tumor is one of the leading factors of venous and arterial thrombosis. But there is no data on the need for a genetic testing protocol of cancer patients for genetic predisposition thrombotic conditions, despite the fact that a number of polymorphisms of hemostasis genes are considered to be unconditionally proven factors of high cumulative thrombogenic risk, and proteins encoded by these genes are direct links in the cascades of pathological hypercoagulation in neoplastic processes.

Aim. To identify groups of high genetic risk of thrombotic complications among patients with malignant thoracoabdominal tumors.

Materials and methods. The study included 223 patients with malignant tumors of the lung, stomach, esophagus, operated in the Department of Thoracic Oncology of the N.N. Blokhin National Research Center of Oncology in 2018–2019. The study groups consisted of patients with myocardial infarction (n = 62), ischemic stroke (n = 24), venous thrombosis/ venous thromboembolic complications (n = 40), patients without cardiovascular diseases, but with a family history burdened by cardiovascular diseases (n = 33). The control group included 81 patients.

Results. Among patients with malignant tumors of thoracoabdominal localization, a statistically significant difference was determined in the frequency of carriage of the heterozygous genotype FV 1691GA (Arg506Gln) in patients who had a myocardial infarction (χ2 = 4.0; p = 0.046), who had venous thrombosis (χ2 = 4.118; p = 0.043), in the group of patients with burdened with a family history (χ2 = 4.997; p = 0.026) in comparison with the control group. Statistically significant difference in the frequency of carriage of the heterozygous variant of the mutation in the FII G20210A gene relative to the control group, it was determined in the group of patients who had an acute cerebrovascular accident (χ2 = 6.881; p = 0.009) and among patients with a burdened history (χ2 = 7.563; p = 0.006).

Conclusion. In order to assess the risk of development and prevention of thrombotic complications in the perioperative period in patients with malignant thoracoabdominal tumors, who have suffered myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, venous thrombosis/venous thromboembolic complications, as well as patients without cardiovascular pathology, but with thrombotic conditions in relatives of the first degree, it is advisable to perform DNA diagnostics at the prehospital stage to identify of gene polymorphisms FII G20210A and FV G1691A (Arg506Gln).
Analysis of miRNAs miR-125a-5p, -27a-5p, -193a-5p, -135b-5p, -451a, -495-3p and -136-5p in parental ovarian cancer cells and secreted extracellular vesicles
Authors: Skryabin G. O. , Beliaeva A. A. , Enikeev A. D. , Bagrov D. V. , Keremet A. M. , Komelkov А. V. , Elkin D. S. , Sylantieva D. M. , Tchevkina E. M.
Published: April 2024

Introduction. The identification of markers for liquid diagnostics of ovarian cancer is one of the most urgent tasks of gynecologic oncology. Currently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are of great interest as a source of oncomarkers, including miRNA markers. We have previously shown that the levels of miR-125a-5p, -27a-5p, -193a-5p and 135b-5p are significantly elevated and miR-451a, -495-3p and -136-5p are significantly decreased in the EVs from uterine aspirates of ovarian cancer patients.

Aim. Analysis of miR-125a-5p, -27a-5p, -193a-5p, 135b-5p, 451a, 495-3p and -136-5p levels in ovarian cancer cell cultures and secreted EVs.

Material and methods. Cultivation of ovarian cancer cell lines: OVCAR-3, OVCAR-4, OVCAR-8 and SKOV3; EVs isolation from conditioned medium by ultracentrifugation; EVs validation by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), western blot analysis of exosomal markers; isolation of miRNAs from cells and EVs; analysis of miRNAs by Stem-Loop – reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Results. In all cell lines studied, the expression of miR-125a-5p, -27a-5p, -193a-5p and -135b-5p significantly exceeds the expression of -451a, -495-3p and -136-5p. All ovarian cancer cell lines are featured by a “cells >EVs” ratio for highly expressed miRNAs and “EVs >cells” ratio for poorly expressed miRNAs.

Conclusion. The results of the study support the relation between the differential expression of studied miRNAs and the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer and confirm the high diagnostic potential of these molecules.
Contemporary views on the clinical, epidemiological and molecular genetic characteristics of melanoma of the skin and mucous membranes
Authors: Bogdanova V. A. , Spirina L. V. , Chizhevskaya S. Yu. , Kovaleva I. V. , Nikulnikov K. V.
Published: April 2024

Melanoma of the skin and mucous membranes remains a global medical problem, which is associated with the increasing prevalence of this disease and the lack of adequate molecular genetic markers for its diagnosis and prognosis. The development of molecular approaches in the treatment of this type of tumor is associated with the identification of mutations, and with the development of immunotherapeutic and targeted drugs that can improve the effectiveness of treatment of patients with this pathology. However, the heterogeneity of the mechanisms of tumor development and the formation of resistance are a problem. It is worth noting the presence of many epigenetic mechanisms that are promising markers of the development, diagnosis and prognosis of the effectiveness of treatment of melanoma of the skin and mucous membranes. This review contains up-to-date information on the molecular mechanisms of the disease associated with the genetic characteristics of the tumor and biological factors of resistance to therapy. Of particular interest is the intersection of signaling pathways associated with melanocyte-inducing transcription factor (MITF), which is associated with transcription and growth factors, and is a target of epigenetic regulation using microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs.
Transcriptional, growth factors, components of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, receptors and ligands of programmed cell death expression in melanoma
Authors: Nikulnikov K. V. , Bogdanova V. A. , Spirina L. V. , Chizhevskaya S. Yu. , Kondakova I. V. , Choynzonov E. L. , Chernov V. I.
Published: April 2024

Introduction. Melanoma is the most dangerous neoplasm of the skin, characterized by a malignant and aggressive course. Transcriptional and growth factors, components of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, receptors and ligands of programmed cell death are involved in significant processes of oncogenesis.

Aim. To study the expression of components of the AKT/mTOR (mTOR – mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway, transcription and growth factors, expression of AMPK, LC3B, programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand 1 PD-L1 and programmed death-ligand 2 (PD-L2) in skin and mucosal tumor tissues.

Materials and methods. The study included 21 patients with a verified diagnosis of melanoma of the skin of various localizations and mucous membranes of the nasal cavity T1a–4bN0M0 (I–IV stages) and 18 patients with basal cell carcinoma of the skin of various localizations T1–4N0M0 (I–VIA stages), aged 45 to 72 years old, who were treated in the department of head and neck tumors of the Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center. The presence of tumor ulceration was determined by microscopy and registration of the true absence of the epidermis over the tumor or due to traumatization of the epidermis. Expression of components of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, transcription and growth factors, expression of AMPK, LC3B, PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 in the tumor tissue was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results. An increase in the expression of 70 S6 kinase and VHL was found in melanoma tissues compared to basal cell carcinoma. At the same time, the presence of signs of ulceration was associated with a low level of c-RAF, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) p50 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) matrix RNA (mRNA) against the background of an increase in the expression of the hypoxia-inducible factor 2 (HIF-2) transcription factor. The study of the molecular features of neoplasms in relation to the tumor thickness according to Breslow revealed the contribution of transcription and growth factors, the intensity of intracellular signaling processes, modification of the microenvironment, autophagy and neoangiogenesis.

Conclusion. The molecular and biological features of melanomas associated with invasive tumor growth have been identified. An increase in the expression of 70 S6 kinase and VHL are characteristic of a malignant skin tumor. The presence of signs of ulceration and tumor invasion were associated with a change in the transcriptional characteristics of factors with the induction of key markers, oncogenesis, which contributes to the formation of the invasive potential of the tumor.
Dynamics of miRNA expression in urine extracellular vesicles of prostate cancer patients after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Shutko E. V. , Bryzgunova O. E. , Ostal’cev I. A. , Pak S. V. , Krasi’nikov S. E. , Laktionov P. P. , Konoshenko M. Yu.
Published: April 2024

Introduction. It is known that the treatment of oncological diseases including prostate cancer (PCa) causes changes in the expression of oncogenic and oncosuppressive miRNAs. The analysis of miRNA expression dynamics can be used to predict the course of the disease and its response to therapy. However, the effect of PCa therapy on the expression of extracellular miRNAs is just beginning to be investigated.

Aim. To study the expression dynamics of 14 miRNAs (miR-19b, -22-3p, -30e, -31, -92a, -125b, -144, -200b, -205, -222, -375, -378a, -425, -660) in urine extracellular vesicles of PCa patients after radical prostatectomy and to reveal prognostic miRNA ratios.

Materials and methods. Urine samples of 18 donors and 18 PCa patients, obtained before radical prostatectomy, 1 week and 3 months after surgery, were examined. Extracellular vesicles were isolated by aggregation-precipitation protocol; extracellular vesicles miRNAs were isolated using fiberglass sorbents and octane acid. Data on threshold detection cycles of 14 miRNAs were obtained using reverse transcription – loop polymerase chain reaction (TaqMan).

Results. It was found that prostatectomy causes a significant change in the relative expression of 44 miRNA ratios in the urine of PCa patients. Four groups of miRNA ratios can be distinguished: 1) miRNA ratios, which expression level significantly differed between donors and PCa patients before surgery and significantly changed in PCa patients 3 months after prostatectomy in the direction of the level of donors (6 pairs); 2) miRNA ratios, which expression did not significantly differ between donors and PCa patients before surgery, but significantly differed from the baseline in PCa patients and donors 3 months after prostatectomy (5 pairs); 3) miRNA ratios, based on expression ratios of which PCa patients can be divided into two or three significantly different subgroups 3 months after prostatectomy (19 pairs); 4) miRNA ratios that did not significantly change their expression after prostatectomy (30 pairs).

Conclusion. Prostatectomy causes a significant change in the level of expression of miRNA in urine. 6 pairs of miRNAs, the relative expression of which after surgery significantly changed towards that of healthy donors and 19 pairs of miRNAs, according to the level of relative expression of which patients with prostate cancer were divided into two significantly different subgroups 3 months after prostatectomy, were identified based on the analysis of the dynamics of miRNA expression after prostatectomy.
The role of ABC-transporters in homeostasis, cancer pathogenesis and therapy
Authors: Boichuk S. V. , Ivoilova T. V.
Published: April 2024

ABC transporters (ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters) are proteins, which play a dual role in the substances transport across the membrane. On the one hand, they transport nutrients and other molecules inside the cell to supply the necessary nutrients, on the other hand, these proteins excrete some endogenous and exogenous substrates from the cell to maintain their homeostasis in the body and prevent from effects of aggressive environment. ABC transporters play a role in the pathogenesis of various metabolic disorders. In addition, a large amount of evidence has been accumulated about the participation of these proteins in oncogenesis because of their involvement into initiation, progression, invasion and metastasis of tumors, as well as development of multidrug resistance phenotype. Currently, these proteins are attractive therapeutic targets, influence on which can significantly increase the effectiveness of anticancer therapy and improve the prognosis of patients with oncological diseases, including recurrent, metastatic and inoperable forms.

The review provides information on drugs that affect the functional activity of ABC transporters and the mechanisms of their action, and also presents the results of clinical trials of these inhibitors.
The role of circulating neutrophils in the progression of kidney cancer
Authors: Magdieva I. R. , Abakumova T. V. , Dolgova D. R. , Gorshkov O. Y. , Gening T. P.
Published: April 2024

Introduction. Currently, the question of the role of neutrophils in the progression of kidney cancer remains relevant. Neutrophils are capable of exhibiting protumor properties through the secretion of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, which is determined by the expression of genes for these molecules. And the functional heterogeneity of neutrophils is characterized by differences in gene expression patterns.

Aim. To assess the role of circulating neutrophils in the progression of kidney cancer.

Materials and methods. In circulating neutrophils of patients with verified clear cell kidney cancer at stages I–III according to Tumor, Nodus and Metastasis (TNM) (n = 88) before surgical treatment and conditionally healthy donors (control group) (n = 20), the expression of NGAL genes was determined using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, MMP-13 and VEGF-A.

Results. There was an increase in NGAL gene expression in circulating neutrophils (p = 0.05) at the initial stage and a decrease in it at advanced stages of kidney cancer (p = 0.03). High expression of the MMP-13 gene by circulating neutrophils was detected at all stages of kidney cancer relative to control values (at stage I p = 0.005; at stage II p = 0.003; at stage III p = 0.0008). A significant direct correlation was observed between the expression of the NGAL and MMP-13 genes in neutrophils at stage I kidney cancer (r = 0.696; p = 0.003). In the group of patients with kidney cancer, a direct correlation was found between the expression of the NGAL and VEGF-A genes (r = 0.322; p = 0.049). A multivariable Cox regression model for disease-free survival revealed the predictive value of VEGF-A and NGAL genes expression in circulating neutrophils. With an increase in the expression of the VEGF-A and NGAL genes in neutrophils by 1 unit, the risk of metastases increases by 0.80 (0.65–0.99; p = 0.043) and 1.42 (1.01–2.00; p = 0.046) times, respectively. The Kaplan–Meier analysis of disease-free survival in patients with kidney cancer showed the influence of NGAL expression in circulating neutrophils on progression-free time. In the group of patients with high NGAL expression, the median follow-up was 31.7 months, and in the group with low NGAL expression – more than 36 months (log-rank-test; p = 0.017).

Conclusion. Thus, the data obtained suggest that circulating neutrophils play a leading role in the progression of kidney cancer. The level of expression of NGAL in circulating neutrophils can be used to predict the relapse-free period in patients with kidney cancer.
Morphological changes in the testicle in Sertoli cell-only syndrome in men with nonobstructive azoospermia
Authors: Kulchenko Nina G.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: The relevance of the morphological examination of testicular biopsies in infertile men is explained by limited information and research in this area, which is associated with limited indications for obtaining a lifetime biopsy in this nosology. The degree of pathological changes both in the Sertoli cells and testicular interstitium in the syndrome of “only Sertoli cells” (SCOS) is least studied.
AIM: To evaluate morphological changes in SCOS.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Convoluted seminal tubules with SCOS were studied in nine men with nonobstructive azoospermia by staining sections with hematoxylin and eosin and toluidine blue, and light microscopy was used to study convoluted seminal tubules with SCOS in nine men with nonobstructive azoospermia. Moreover, the number of Sertoli cells, dystrophic changes in them, thickness of the convoluted seminal tubule, and number of mast cells in the testicular interstitium were counted. Correlation analysis of the relationships between variables was also performed.
RESULTS: Mature Sertoli cells were found in 48.2% of convoluted seminal tubules, dystrophic Sertoli cells in 33.6%, and apoptotic Sertoli cells in 18.2%. The average number of Sertoli cells in one seminal tubule was 15.4 (min, 8.1; max, 19.2). The diameter of the convoluted seminal tubules averaged 33.8 (min, 23.0; max, 42.1) microns. The thickness of their shell at SCOS was on average 0.63 (min, 0.58; max, 0.69) microns. The number of mast cells in the testicular interstitium averaged 8.5±0.3 in 1 mm2. A strong and inverse (r=−0.87) correlation was established between the thickness of the shell of the convoluted seminal tubule and the number of Sertoli cells, and a strong and direct (r=0.83) correlation was found between the thickness of the shell of the convoluted seminal tubule and the number of mast cells in the interstitium of the testes.
CONCLUSION: Among the studied cases, STCS is quite common in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia. The increased thickness of the shell of the convoluted seminal tubule contributes to the impaired architectonics of the hematotesticular barrier. This study revealed that mast cells exert direct effects on the wall thickness of the convoluted seminal tubule, which demonstrates the pathological effect of these cells on the permeability of the hematotesticular barrier and impaired spermatogenesis.
Le sentiment dans les Pensées de Pascal: son origine, ses fonctions, son statut
Authors: McKenna Antony
Published: April 2024

Pascal founds his interpretation of the Augustinian doctrine of the corruption of human nature on a philosophy of faith inherited from Montaigne: « we are Christians in just the same way as we are Périgordians or Germans » (Essais, II, 12) : this conception of « human faith » is analysed, in turn, by means of concepts drawn from Descartes (passion) and Gassendi (imagination). He thus leads us to a very modern conception of « human faith » – without grace – as being the product of education and habit, a « sentiment » like so many others.
The effect of anesthetic blockade of greater occipital nerve during the withdrawal period of the medication overuse headache treatment
Authors: Unsal Mirac Aysen , Aydin Tugrul
Published: April 2024

Background and purpose – Discontinuation of medication still remains a key element in the treatment of medication overuse headache (MOH), but there is no consensus on the withdrawal procedure. We aimed to share the promising results of anesthetic blockade of greater occipital nerve (GON), which can be an alternative to existing treatments during the early withdrawal period of MOH treatment. Methods – This study was conducted using regular electronic medical records and headache diaries of patients diagnosed with MOH and treated with anesthetic GON blockade with 0.5% bupivacaine solution in a specialized headache outpatient clinic. A total of 86 patients who developed MOH while being followed up for chronic migraine were included in the study. Results – The treatment schemes for MOH are based on expert consensus and withdrawal strategies are the most challenging part of treatment. In our study, numerical rating scale for headache intensity, overused medication consumption per month, headache frequency (day/month) and the duration of each attack (hour/day) decreased significantly in the first month compared to pre-treatment (p < 0.01). Conclusion – Our study suggests that GON blockade can be used as a good alternative therapy in the treatment of MOH.
Perineural 5% dextrose versus corticosteroid injection in non-surgical carpal tunnel syndrom treatment
Authors: Ocek Ozge , Guner Derya
Published: April 2024

Background and purpose – We aimed to investigate the difference of clinical and electrophysiological improvement between perineural corticosteroid injection therapy (PCIT) and perineural 5% dextrose injection therapy (5%PDIT) in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Methods – Total of 92 wrists that were diagnosed as mild-to-moderate idiopathic CTS and completed their follow-up were included in our study. The severity of pain, symptom severity and functional status were assessed by visual analog scale (VAS) and the Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire (BCTQ) scores for treatment effectiveness. Randomized wrists were administered PCIT or 5%PDIT accompanied by ultrasound guidance. VAS, BCTQ scores and the electrophysiological study repeated before and after treatment at the 1st and 6th months after perineural injection therapies (PITs) were recorded. Results – Compared with baseline data, within groups there was significant improvement in VAS, BCTQ severity and function scores at 1st and 6th months follow-up (all p < 0.001). Considerable advance were detected in the median sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) when pretreatment values were compared with posttreatment first month in both groups (p = 0.01; p < 0.001, respectively). No significant change occurred in median distal motor latency (DML) values between the 1st and 6th months in the groups (p = 0.095; p = 0.113, respectively). No significant difference was observed between 5%PDIT and PCIT groups. Conclusion – Clinical and electrophysiologic improvement in CTS began from 1st month after PCIT and 5%PDIT. At the 6th month follow-up of the patients, 5%PDIT and PCIT had similar therapeutic effects. As a result, we can consider the replacement of PCIT with 5%PDIT in mild-to-moderate CTS patients especially in those who are hesitant because of the corticosteroid’s adverse effects.
La necesidad de la reorganización redaccional de los enunciados de problemas sobre la función logarítmica propuestos en textos escolares para mejorar su comprensión
Authors: Goyes Bastidas Nelson Javier , Pontón Ladino Teresa
Published: April 2024

We present elements of reflection that allow us to approach the role of the editorial organization in understanding certain problem statements modeled by a logarithmic function proposed in school texts. The main objective is to analyze the role that editorial reorganization plays in problem statements related to the logarithmic function, semiotic elements that promote the articulation of the semiotic representation registers that students can use to provide solutions to the proposed questions, since the understanding of problem statements lies in the coordination of at least two representation registers, but part of this is within the Natural Language register. The methodological design was a descriptive qualitative case study in which the editorial reorganization of four problem statements about the logarithmic function, selected from three school texts, was carried out. These statements were applied to seven university students in order to analyze their productions, mathematical treatments, and the way in which they articulated the different semiotic registers to provide a solution to the presented problem statement. In relation to the development of the sequence of statements, the need to reformulate problem statements that lead to the discrimination of all visual values in the graphic register in correspondence with variations in the significant units of the algebraic register was confirmed.
Cómics: un camino para la pedagogía de la memoria
Authors: Durán Muñoz Rosa Jaisully
Published: April 2024

This text aims to underscore the potential of comics as a means to enrich the pedagogy of memory in Colombia. To achieve this goal, the experience of Literature Education students at the University of Valle, Palmira campus, in implementing an educational proposal directed towards creating comics that delve into different periods, characters, and historical events of our nation, is examined. Consequently, a concise overview of the concepts of memory and historical novel served as a foundation to broaden perspectives and discussions concerning memories and the historical narrative of violence in the country. Subsequently, comics are highlighted as a medium for addressing historical and social events, accompanied by a brief survey of some of the most significant comics.
Recent progress in alleviating orthodontic discomfort: Mechanism and management-the state of evidence
Authors: Javed Aamir , Hussain Syed Aasif , Roy Ashim , Kale Ajinkya Prataprao , Jadhao Suraj , Pathak Ashvin , Patil Krushna Ramdas
Published: April 2024

Orthodontic treatment has demonstrated efficacy in enhancing dental health and rectifying tooth misalignments. Nevertheless, patients experience substantial discomfort and distress. Advancements in orthodontic technology and treatment procedures have led to a decrease in orthodontic discomfort. Orthodontic discomfort refers to the inflammation that occurs due to the obstruction of blood vessels by orthodontic force. This leads to inflammatory responses, which encompass alterations in blood vessels, recruitment of inflammatory and immune cells, and heightened sensitivity of nerves along with the release of chemicals that promote inflammation. The body's inherent analgesic systems ultimately regulate the inflammatory response, thereby diminishing pain. Orthodontic pain signals are transmitted by three-order neurons, beginning with the trigeminal neuron located in the trigeminal ganglia. The signals subsequently arrive at the trigeminal nucleus caudalis located in the medulla oblongata, as well as the ventroposterior nucleus in the thalamus, where the sensation of pain is perceived. The processing of orthodontic pain involves the interplay of emotion, cognition, and memory in many parts of the brain. The structures encompassed in this list are the insular cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, locus coeruleus, and hypothalamus. The inherent analgesic neuronal pathway of the periaqueductal gray and dorsal raphe regions alleviates orthodontic discomfort. Various techniques are employed to manage orthodontic discomfort. These therapies encompass pharmacological, mechanical, behavioral, and low-level laser treatments. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs) alleviate pain, but their impact on tooth movement remains uncertain. Additional research is required to establish the effectiveness of alternative modalities. Gene therapy provides a new, practical, and hopeful approach to treating orthodontic pain. This article explores new advancements and techniques that have enhanced the level of comfort experienced by orthodontic patients.