bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis siswa Kelas VII-1 SMP Negeri 14 Halmahera Selatan pada Materi Aritmetika Sosial
Authors: Riskyanti Dhella , Hamid Hasan , Jalal Ariyanti
Published: February 2023

Salah satu tujuan dari pembelajaran matematika adalah agar siswa memiliki kemampuan pemecahan masalah. Pemecahan masalah memberi manfaat yang sangat besar kepada siswa dalam melihat relevansi antara matematika dengan pelajaran lain serta kehidupan nyata. Tujuan dilaksanakannya penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa kelas VII-1 SMP Negeri 14 Halmahera Selatan dalam menyelesaikan soal aritmatika sosial. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMP Negeri 14 Halmahera Selatan. Â Subjek penelitian yang diambil berjumlah 26 siswa, namun dengan mempertimbangkan kondisi pandemi covid-19, maka penelitian dilaksanakan secara daring (dalam jaringan) dan door to door (dari rumah ke rumah) dengan hanya melibatkan 8 orang siswa, kemudian dipilih 3 siswa sebagai perwakilan subjek penelitian berdasarkan kategori kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis (Tinggi, Sedang dan Rendah) kemudian subjek tersebut diwawancarai sebagai bentuk triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa SMP N 14 Halmahera Selatan dalam menyelesaikan soal dengan materi aritmatika sosial dalam kategori rendah. Kualifikasi kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis dengan kategori tinggi adalah sebanyak 3 siswa (37,5%) tetapi dalam pengerjaan soal masih terdapat beberapa kesalahan antara lain; belum mampu menentukan rencana dengan tepat untuk menyelesaikan masalah dan mengerjakan penyelesaian berdasarkan rencana yang telah dibuat. Selanjutnya, 1 siswa (12,5%) dengan kategori sedang belum mampu menjawab soal yang diberikan dengan tepat. Serta 4 siswa (50%) dengan kategori rendah yang juga belum mampu menjawab soal yang diberikan dengan benar dan tepat.
Penerapan Pendekatan Metakognitif untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Logis Matematis Siswa pada Materi sistem Persamaan Linear Dua variabel
Authors: Adjis Vidia Amalia , Ruhama Mustafa A.H. , Hamid Hasan
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this research is to find out: 1) The mathematical logical thinking ability of grade VIII-9 Junior high School 4 Ternate after being set up a metacognitive approach to SPLDV material, 2) Enhancement of Mathematical logical thinking ability of grade VIII-9 Junior high School 4 city Ternate after the metacognitive approach to material SPLDV, and 3) How to improve the mathematical logical thinking skills of Grade VIII-9 Junior high School 4 City In Ternate after being established a metacognitive approach to SPLDV materials. The design of this research is experimental research with the model of one group pretests posttest design. The sample in this study was a class VIII-9 student, numbering 31 people. The instrument used to collect data is a test of the mathematical logical thinking ability of students. Test requirement analysis is done by testing the normality. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis. The results of research suggest that: 1) Logical thinking ability of mathematics grade VIII-9 Junior high School 4 Ternate City after the metacognitive approach to system material two-variable linear equations obtained 6 students in the high category, 3 students in the medium category, and 16 students in the low category. 2) There is an increase in mathematical logical thinking ability of grade VIII-9 Junior high School 4 Ternate after the implementation of a metacognitive approach to system material of two-variable linear equations. 3) enhancement of mathematical logical thinking skills of the students of grade VIII-9 Junior high School 4 Ternate after being set up a metacognitive approach on the system material of two-variable linear equations are interpreted.
Analisis Kemampuan Komunikasi Statis Siswa SMA pada Materi Statistika
Authors: Kader Fahria , Nani Karman La , Tonra Wilda Syam
Published: February 2023

Penelitian kualitatif ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan komunikasi siswa kelas XII MIA-2 SMA Negeri 3 Kota Ternate dalam menyelesaikan soal pada materi statistika konsep ukuran pemusatan data. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi, tes, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Instrumen tes yang digunakan adalah 2 butir soal tentang kemampuan komunikasi statistis yang telah divalidasi. Data kemampuan komunikasi statistis siswa yang dikumpulkan dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan cara mereduksi, penyajian, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XII MIA-2 SMA Negeri 3 Kota Ternate sebanyak 10 siswa, kemudian dipilih 4 siswa sebagai perwakilan subjek penelitian berdasarkan kategori kemampuan komunikasi statistis (Sangat baik, cukup, kurang, dan buruk) untuk diwawancarai sebagai bentuk triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan komunikasi statistis siswa kelas XII MIA-2 SMA Negeri 3 Kota Ternate dalam mempelajari materi statistika konsep ukuran pemusatan data dengan rata-rata sebesar 53,67 dalam kategori kurang. Kualifikasi kemampuan komunikasi statistis siswa dalam kategori sangat tinggi dicapai 1 siswa (10%) yang mampu menyajikan data ke dalam tabel distribusi frekuensi yang sederhana, menyajikan data dalam bentuk diagram lingkaran, menunjukkan pembuktian terhadap data yang diperoleh dengan baik, dan menjelaskan cara menentukan nilai median dari data yang diperoleh dalam menyelesaikan masalah ukuran pemusatan data. Selanjutnya, 4 siswa (40%) dalam kategori cukup mampu menyajikan data ke dalam tabel distribusi frekuensi yang sederhana, menyajikan data dalam bentuk diagram lingkaran, menujukkan pembuktian terhadap data yang diperoleh, dan menjelaskan cara menentukan nilai median dari data yang diperoleh namun siswa belum begitu melengkapi â€œapa yang ditanyakanâ€. Sebanyak 2 siswa (20%) dalam kategori kurang mampu menyajikan data ke dalam tabel distribusi frekuensi sederhana dan menunjukkan rumus untuk mencari nilai median serta mampu menjelaskan alasan mengapa data perlu diurutkan terlebih dahulu sebelum menentukan nilai median, namun untuk menggambar diagram lingkaran siswa dengan kategori ini masih belum memahaminya. Siswa dengan kemampuan komunikasi statistis kurang belum dapat menuliskan dengan benar dan lengkap tentang apa yang diketahui berdasarkan apa yang ditanyakan. Siswa dengan kemampuan kategori kurang sudah mampu menghitung nilai akhir, namun hasilnya salah atau masih terdapat kekeliruan. Terdapat 3 siswa (30%) dengan kategori buruk dapat menuliskan yang diketahui dan ditanyakan. Kekeliruan ini menunjukkan bahwa siswa belum memahami bagaimana cara menyajikan data ke dalam bentuk tabel distribusi frekuensi sederhana, diagram lingkaran dan menentukan nilai median serta menjelaskan mengapa data perlu diurutkan sebelum menentukan nilai median.
Komunikasi Matematis: Jenis, Standar, Peranan, Pengembangan, dan Keefektifannya
Authors: Suratno Joko , Jalal Ariyanti , Bakar Marwia Tamrin
Published: February 2023

Komunikasi matematis merupakan salah satu cara untuk bertukar gagasan atau memperjelas pengetahuan. Komunikasi matematis memiliki tiga aspek yang berbeda. Ketiga aspek tersebut adalah komunikasi tentang matematika (communication about mathematics), komunikasi di dalam matematika (communication in mathematics), dan komunikasi dengan matematika (communication with mathematics). Selain itu, artikel ini juga membahas tiga cara yang dapat dilakukan siswa untuk berkomunikasi dengan gurunya, yaitu dengan cara lisan, tertulis, dan perilaku fisik. Standar komunikasi juga dibahas dalam tulisan ini, karena kemampuan komunikasi di setiap jenjang pendidikan tentunya berbeda-beda. Peranan komunikasi, cara mengembangkan komunikasi, dan keefektifan komunikasi penting untuk diketahui karena komunikasi yang baik akan terjadi apabila penerima pesan memahami apa yang disampaikan oleh pengirim pesan. Oleh karena itu, perlu kiranya seluruh komponen yang terlibat dalam sebuah komunikasi memainkan peranannya agar terjadi komunikasi yang baik.
Analisis Kesalahan Siswa dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah Matematika pada Bilangan Berpangkat dan Bentuk Akar
Authors: Lagalante Rusdiati , Suharna Hery , Tonra Wilda Syam
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesalahan-kesalahan dan jenis-jenis kesalahan siswa kelas X siswa Madrasah Aliya Negeri Ternate dalam menyelesaikan soal matematika pada materi Perpangkatan dan Bentuk akar Dalam penelitian ini terpilih subjek penelitian sebanyak 4 siswa yang ditentukan berdasarkan hasil tes. Siswa yang terpilih sebagai subjek penelitan tersebut adalah siswa yang memperoleh kategori rendah dan sangat rendah. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode tes dan wawancara. Tes digunakan untuk menganalisis kesalahan siswa dan wawancara digunakan untuk menelusuri jenis kesalahan siswa secara mendalam. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat 3 siswa (15%) mencapai kesalahan dengan kategori tinggi, 4 siswa (20%) mencapai kesalahan dengan kategori sedang, 4 siswa (20%) mencapai kesalahan dengan kategori rendah dan 9 siswa (45%) mencapai kesalahan dengan kategori sangat rendah dalam menyelesaikan soal pada materi perpangkatan dan bentuk akar. Berdasarkan hasil kerjanya, subjek tersebut tidak menuliskan jawaban akhir yang diminta dala soal tes (kesalahan prinsip), subjek tidak mengetahui konsep dari soal yang diberikan sehngga subjek tidak mampumenyelesaikan atau menuliskan jawaban yang diminta (kesalahan konsep), subjek tidak mengerjakan soal yang sampai selesai disebabkan karena tidak mengerti cara pengoperasian daru jawaban yang diminta (kesalahan operasi), terhadap permasalahan pada soal perpangkatan dan bentuk akar. Kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa kelas X Madrasah aliya negeri Ternate dalam menyelesaikan soal matematika pada materi perpangkatan dan bentuk akar yaitu meliputi: 1) kesalakesalahan prinsip yang dilakukan oleh R-1 dan SR-2 melakukan kesalahan yaitu tidak menuliskan jawaban akhir (kesalahan prinsip). Kesalahan konsep yang dilakukan R-1 dan R-2 karena sybjek tidak mengetahui konsep dari soal yang diberikan sehingga subjek tidak mampu untuk menyelesaikan atau menuliskan jawaban ari soal yang ada (kesalahan konsep). Pada kesalahan operasi dilakukan oleh subjek R-2 dan SR-1 dimana subjek tidak mengerjakan soal sampai selesai disebabkan karena tidak mengerti cara pengoperasian dari jawaban yang diminta.
Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Reflektif Matematis Siswa dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah Matematika pada Materi Segitiga
Authors: Duwila Farid , Afandi Ahmad , Abdullah In Hi
Published: February 2023

Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan berpikir reflektif matematis siswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika pada materi segitiga. Jenis penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Metode yang digunakan adalah instrumen tes dan wawancara. Siswa diminta untuk mengerjakan soal tes kemampuan berpikir reflektif matematis (TKBRM), kemudian diwawancara untuk memperoleh informasi yang lebih mendalam tentang kemampuan berpikir reflektif matematis siswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika pada materi segitiga. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah reduksi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpulan. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 20 siswa, masing-masing perwakilan dari subjek S-6 yang berkemampuan tinggi, S-17 yang berkemampuan sedang, dan S-5 yang berkemampuan rendah. Hasil penelitian berpikir reflektif matematis siswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika pada materi segitiga sebagai berikut : 1) subjek S-6 memperoleh nilai 88,9 sehingga mampu berpikir reflektif dimana telah mampu menuliskan rumus yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan soal tersebut dengan tepat dan benar, subjek mampu menentukan nilai dari sudut P dengan benar dan subjek tidak mampu mengecek jawaban yang diperoleh tetapi mampu menjelaskan kesimpulan dari jawaban yang diperoleh, 2) subjek S-17 memperoleh nilai 66,7 sehingga mampu berpikir reflektif dimana telah mampu menuliskan rumus yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan soal tersebut dengan benar, subjek mampu menentukan nilai dari sudut P dengan benar, dan subjek tidak mampu mengecek jawaban yang diperoleh dan tidak mampu menjelaskan kesimpulan dari jawaban, 3) subjek S-11 memperoleh nilai 22,2 dalam berpikir reflektif hanya mampu menuliskan rumus yang digunakan tetapi tidak mampu menyelesaikan soal tersebut dengan benar dan lengkap, subjek tidak mampu menentukan nilai dari sudut P dengan benar, dan subjek tidak mampu mengecek jawaban yang diperoleh dan tidak mampu menjelaskan kesimpulan dari jawaban.
Analisis Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Siswa SMP pada Materi Sistem Persamaan Linear Dua Variabel
Authors: Abjad Raeda , Angkotasan Nurma , Alhaddad Idrus
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal sistem persamaan linear dua variabel. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Siswa diminta untuk mengerjakan soal tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis (KPMM), kemudian diwawancarai berdasarkan kemampuan matematika siswa yang dimiliki untuk memperoleh informasi yang lebih mendalam tentang kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal sistem persamaan linear dua variabel. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah reduksi data (Data reduction), paparan data (Data display), dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal sistem persamaan linear dua variabel sebagai berikut: 1) sebanyak 3 siswa (20%) mencapai kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis dengan kategori tinggi, 2) sebanyak 4 siswa (26,6%) mencapai kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa dengan kategori sedang dan 3) sebanyak 8 siswa (53,3%) yang berkategori rendah. Sebagian siswa belum mencapai kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis pada soal sistem persamaan linear dua variabel pada indikator Kemampuan memilih dan mengembangkan strategi pemecahan (meliputi kemampuan memunculkan berbagai kemungkinan atau alternatif cara penyelesaian, rumus-rumus atau penegetahuan yang dapat digunakan dalam pemecahan masalah tersebut), dan Kemampuan menjelaskan dan memeriksa kebenaran jawaban yang diperoleh (meliputi kemampuan mengidentifikasi kesalahan-kesalahan perhitungan, kesalahan penggunaan rumus, memeriksa kecocokan antara yang telah ditemukan dengan apa yang ditanyakan, dan dapat menjelaskan kebenaran jawaban).
Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Matematis Siswa SMA pada Materi trigonometri Ditinjau dari Gender Siswa
Authors: Assagaf Iga Almira Rugaya , Bani Asmar , Sari Diah Prawitha
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Kota Ternate, pada kelompok atas, sedang, dan bawah berdasarkan gender siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal pada materi Trigonomteri. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan instrument yang digunakan adalah soal tes, lembar wawancara siswa. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah dengan analisis deskriptif. Subjek penelitian adalah 6 orang siswa yang terdiri dari 2 siswa kelompok atas, 2, 2 siswa kelompok sedang, dan 2 siswa kelompok bawah. Objek dari penelitian ini adalah lembar jawaban hasil tes siswa dipandu dengan hasil wawancara masing-masing siswa. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, hasil yang ditemui adalah: (1) kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa perempuan dalam menyelesaikan soal persamaan trigonometri, kelompok atas mampu mencapai kategori sangat tinggi, kelompok sedang mencapai kategori cukup, dan kelompok bawah pada kategori sangat rendah, yaitu siswa RA 87,5%, siswa WM 68,75%, dan siswa IT 50%. (2) kemampuan bepikir kreatif matematis siswa laki-laki dalam menyelesaikan soal persamaan trigonometri, kelompok atas mampu mencapai kategori tinggi, kelompok sedang mencapai cukup, dan kelompok bawah pada kategori rendah, yaitu siswa HD 75%, siswa MA 68,75%, dan siswa TG 56,25%.
A dualidade de perfis dos professores orientadores no contexto acadêmico: implicações associadas
Authors: Cassiano Carolina , Guimarães Vinícius Henrique Almeida , Gonçalves Jurema Ribeiro Luiz
Published: February 2023

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os perfis de professores orientadores no contexto da pós-graduação. Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa, analisado de acordo com a análise temática indutiva. Realizou-se uma entrevista semiestruturada e audiogravada com 38 estudantes de mestrado e 35 de doutorado, vinculados a um programa de pós-graduação stricto sensu da área da saúde, de uma universidade pública brasileira, dos quais 14 relataram implicações associadas à orientação de docentes. A partir disso, construiu-se uma categoria denominada: “A dualidade de perfis dos professores orientadores no contexto acadêmico” e duas subcategorias: “O perfil de professores orientadores que orientam efetivamente” e “O perfil de professores orientadores com orientações insatisfatórias e/ou inadequadas”. Verificou-se que profissionais com um perfil mais empático, os quais oferecem suporte e norteiam o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, corroboram para um percurso mais aprazível e possibilitam a construção de vínculo. Todavia, professores orientadores que não orientam o aluno, ou executam orientações insatisfatórias e/ou inadequadas, hierarquizam a relação, dificultam a comunicação por meio do distanciamento e de barreiras impostas, tornando o processo de desenvolvimento acadêmico extremamente dificultador. Ademais, desencadeiam-se também repercussões emocionais significativas na vida do aluno advindas desta relação. Torna-se essencial que os professores orientadores busquem orientar seus alunos efetivamente, ratificando o compromisso intelectual, social e afetivo. Assim, estes profissionais podem desenvolver produções científicas exitosas e, consequentemente, exprimir seu legado positivo e humanizado, por meio do cuidado emocional e da qualidade no ensino e na pesquisa para com os futuros docentes e pesquisadores do país.
Алгоритм численно-аналитической оценки инерционных эффектов в конструкциях зданий
Authors: МОНДРУС Владимир Львович , КУЛИКОВ Владимир Георгиевич , МАГОМЕДОВ Мухамед Исмаилович
Published: February 2023

В работе предлагается нестандартный подход к оценкам стохастического поведения конструктивных элементов зданий крупнопанельного домостроения и их узлов от импульсных динамических внешних воздействий. Представлена оценка реактивного инерционного сопротивления конструктивов зданий и сооружений сложным по форме и содержанию кинетикам. Разработан критерий оценки поведения конструктивов в виде симметричной матрицы, элементами которой являются моменты инерции в предложенной Л. Эйлером системе координат, определяющей кинетики прецессии, нутации и углов собственного вращения конструктивных элементов зданий и сооружений, а также их узлов. Приведена расчетная схема определения тензора инерции для типовой железобетонной панели крупнопанельного домостроения. Рассмотрена терминология "теории групп" для инженерной оценки вероятностного реактивного отклика конструктивных элементов зданий на внешние и внутренние импульсные динамические воздействия. Практическая значимость исследования состоит в предложенном графоаналитическом методе, позволяющем в известных доверительных интервалах прогнозировать деформативное поведение исследуемых объектов.
Влияние удельной поверхности золы гидроудаления на свойства золоцементного камня
Authors: ЯВИНСКИЙ Александр Викторович , ЧУЛКОВА Ирина Львовна
Published: February 2023

Рассмотрена проблема хранения золы гидроудаления на золоотвалах. Отмечено негативное влияние на экологию, которое оказывает скопление такой золы на золоотвале. Приведены обзорные данные о переработке золы гидроудаления в России и за рубежом. Установлено, что наибольшее количество золы в мире утилизируется в строительной отрасли. Изучены изменения влажности и удельной поверхности золы гидроудаления Омского региона в зависимости от глубины залегания в отвале, определен ее химический состав и выявлено, что данная зола относится к ультракислой. Исследовано влияние ультракислой золы гидроудаления на прочность и водопоглощение золоцементного камня при различной ее удельной поверхности и количестве вводимой золы. Доказано, что прочность золоцементного камня увеличивается при повышении удельной поверхности золы гидроудаления. Определено рациональное количество введения золы гидроудаления для получения смешанного вяжущего с установленной опытным путем удельной поверхностью. При такой замене наблюдается незначительное снижение прочности и повышение водопоглощения по сравнению с контрольным беззольным образцом.
Технологические схемы очистки поверхностных сточных вод с территории городов и поселений
Authors: ПРИМИН Олег Григорьевич , ВЕРЕЩАГИНА Лидия Михайловна , ХУДЯКОВА Дарья Дмитриевна
Published: February 2023

Поверхностные сточные воды, образующиеся на территории городов и поселений России во время выпадения атмосферных осадков, являются интенсивным источником техногенного загрязнения окружающей среды, в первую очередь, водных объектов. Это требует разработки инновационных технологий, материалов и очистного оборудования, применяемых для предохранения окружающей природной среды от загрязнений техногенного происхождения. Кроме того, необходимы изменения в нормативной базе регулирования поступления загрязняющих веществ в водные объекты и оптимизации технологических схем очистки и сброса поверхностных сточных вод в водные объекты. В статье приведены критерии выбора систем очистки поверхностных сточных вод городов и поселений России, возникшие в связи с реализацией федерального закона "О внесении изменений в федеральный закон "Об охране окружающей среды" и отдельные законодательные акты Российской Федерации" при переходе государственного нормирования воздействия хозяйственной деятельности от существующих принципов, основанных на нормативах качества воды водных объектов рыбохозяйственного значения, к нормированию на основе технологических показателей наилучших доступных технологий.
THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF GALECTIN-3 IN COLON CARCINOMA METASTASIS
Authors: YILDIRIM ERDOĞAN Nilsen , ERDEM HUQ Gülben , GECER Melin
Published: February 2023

Objective: Galectin-3 is an endogenous β-galactoside binding protein which is an S-type lectin family member with intracellular and extracellular localization and has certain tasks for controlling cell adhesion, growth, proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. In this study we aimed to elucidate the role of galectin-3 expression in metastasis biology and its role in predicting tumor metastasis in colon carcinomas.

Materials and Method: In this research, 80 cases with colon adenocarcinoma containing the transition of the normal mucosa-tumor tissue were included. The expression of galectin-3 in these cases was investigated immuno-histochemically.

Results: There was no significant relationship between Galectin-3 expression and age, gender, histological type, and histological grade, but there was a significant increase in the amount of galectin-3 expression while the histological grade increased. Galectin-3 expression of the adjacent normal mucosa and tumor was found to be significantly higher in patients with metastases than patients without metastases. There was also a correlation between the presence of vascular invasion and the increase of galectin-3 expression. The mean galectin-3 expression in metastatic foci was higher than that of the tumor area. These findings suggest that the cells with metastatic phenotype express a higher amount of galectin-3 and also galectin-3 has an indirect role in the pathogenesis of metastasis even if its place could not be determined currently.

Conclusion: In our study, it was concluded that the expression of galectin-3 may play a role in the metastatic process of colon carcinomas.
An Investigation of Diabetes Mellitus and Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients Presented to Internal Medicine Outpatient Clinic
Authors: GEZER Deniz , ECİN Seval Müzeyyen
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency plays a role also in the occurrence of autoimmune diseases, including heart disease, cancer, inflammatory bowel diseases, diabetes, and rheumatological diseases. In addition, vitamin B12 deficiency, one of the autoimmune diseases, can also be seen in cases of Vitamin D deficiency. Furthermore, Vitamin D is also associated with insulin secretion and increased insulin sensitivity in target cells, and relevant studies reported Vitamin D deficiency at the initial stage of diabetes mellitus (DM). Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between Vitamin D, DM, Vitamin B12, and ferritin in patients presented to the internal medicine outpatient clinic. Materials and Methods: The data from adults aged 18 years and over, who presented to the Internal Medicine Outpatient Clinic of the Mersin City Training and Research Hospital between 01 June 2021 and 31 December 2021 were retrospectively investigated. Results: 476 (95.2%) patients had vitamin D levels below 30 ng/ml, 20 (4.0%) had vitamin B12 levels below 200 pg/ml, and 319 (63.8%) patients had ferritin levels below 20 ng/ml. There was a significant decrease in ferritin in female gender (p
Film Festivals as Spaces for Knowledge Exchange and Community Building
Authors: Machado Isabel , Marques Ana Rosa
Published: February 2023

In this article, Ana Rosa Marques discusses the origins and development of CachoeiraDoc, an annual documentary film festival organized since 2010 by the faculty and students of the Film and Audiovisual Program at the Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRB) in the Northeast of Brazil. She argues that, beyond an artistic event celebrating cinema, CachoeiraDoc has been a space in which the university and the residents of the small town of Cachoeira enter into a fruitful dialogue, exchanging knowledge and ultimately engaging in community building.
Alcohol binge drinking induces downregulation of blood-brain barrier proteins in the rat frontal cortex -but not in the hippocampus- that is not prevented by OEA pretreatment
Authors: Rodríguez-González Alicia , Moya Marta , Rodríguez de Fonseca Fernando , Gómez de Heras Raquel , Orio Laura
Published: February 2023

Alcohol binge drinking promotes neuroinflammation which could be partially mediated by the passage of ABD-induced peripheral inflammatory molecules to the brain parenchyma through the blood-brain barrier. The BBB is sealed by tight junction proteins, which regulate the access of substances to the brain. Whether ABD alters the BBB or not remains controversial. Here, we measured the expression of BBB proteins in frontal cortex and hippocampus after an ABD procedure that was previously shown to induce neuroinflammation in the FC, and checked neuroinflammation in the hippocampus. Oleoylethanolamide is known to inhibit ABD-induced neuroinflammation in rat FC but the mechanisms of action are not clear: whereas OEA protects against alcohol-induced breakdown of the TJ proteins in the gut barrier reducing peripheral inflammation, its effect in the TJ of the BBB remains unknown. Here, we studied whether OEA (5 mg/kg, before each gavage) prevented alcohol-induced BBB dysfunction by measuring the expression of zona-occludens, occludin, and laminin in FC and hippocampus. ABD animals showed reduced laminin and occludin levels in the FC, indicative of BBB dysfunction, which is concordant with previous findings showing ABD-induced neuroinflammation in this brain region. OEA did not prevent ABD-induced changes in the BBB proteins in the FC, suggesting that the OEA main mechanism of action to inhibit neuroinflammation in this brain region is not related to prevention of TJ proteins alteration in the BBB. In the hippocampus, this ABD protocol did not alter BBB protein levels and no markers of neuroinflammation were found elevated.
Enhancer/gene relationships: Need for more reliable genome-wide reference sets
Authors: Hoellinger Tristan , Mestre Camille , Aschard Hugues , Le Goff Wilfried , Foissac Sylvain , Faraut Thomas , Djebali Sarah
Published: February 2023

Differences in cells’ functions arise from differential activity of regulatory elements, including enhancers. Enhancers are cis-regulatory elements that cooperate with promoters through transcription factors to activate the expression of one or several genes by getting physically close to them in the 3D space of the nucleus. There is increasing evidence that genetic variants associated with common diseases are enriched in enhancers active in cell types relevant to these diseases. Identifying the enhancers associated with genes and conversely, the sets of genes activated by each enhancer (the so-called enhancer/gene or E/G relationships) across cell types, can help understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying human diseases. There are three broad approaches for the genome-wide identification of E/G relationships in a cell type: 1) genetic link methods or eQTL, 2) functional link methods based on 1D functional data such as open chromatin, histone mark or gene expression and 3) spatial link methods based on 3D data such as HiC. Since 1) and 3) are costly, the current strategy is to develop functional link methods and to use data from 1) and 3) as reference to evaluate them. However, there is still no consensus on the best functional link method to date, and method comparison remain seldom. Here, we compared the relative performances of three recent methods for the identification of enhancer-gene links, TargetFinder, Average-Rank, and the ABC model, using the three latest benchmarks from the field: a reference that combines 3D and eQTL data, called BENGI, and two genetic screening references, called CRiFF and CRiSPRi. Overall, none of the three methods performed best on the three references. CRiFF and CRISPRi reference sets are likely more reliable, but CRiFF is not genome-wide and CRiFF and CRISPRi are mostly available on the K562 cancer cell line. The BENGI reference set is genome-wide but likely contains many false positives. This study therefore calls for new reliable and genome-wide E/G reference data rather than new functional link E/G identification methods.
Expression profile of miRNAs computationally predicted to target PDL-1 in cervical tissues of different histology groups
Authors: Leventakou Danai , Gouloumi Alina-Roxani , Spathis Aris , Pouliakis Abraham , Koufopoulos Nektarios , Pergialiotis Vassilios , Drakakis Peter , Panayiotides Ioannis G. , Kottaridi Christine
Published: February 2023

Background: Human papilloma virus (HPV) is considered a successful pathogen as it has the ability to evade host immune responses and establish long-term persistent infection. It has been reported that programmed death ligand 1 (PDL-1) expression is correlated with HPV-positivity and is increased with lesion progression or tumor metastasis in cervical cancer. The expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is often deregulated in cancer, and their potential targets are affected.

Methods: RNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) cervical samples of different histological types, previously typed for the presence of HPV. A specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) protocol with SYBR Green was used to check for the expression of four miRNAs that were computationally predicted to target PDL-1.

Results and conclusion: hsa-miR-20a-5p and hsa-miR-106b-5p showed an expression increase with the severity of the lesions, while hsa-miR-125b-5p depicted a significant decrease in its expression in cancerous samples when compared to normal samples.
In vitro spermatogenesis: In search of fully defined conditions
Authors: Kulibin A. Yu. , Malolina E. A.
Published: February 2023

A complete reconstruction of spermatogenesisin vitrounder fully defined conditions still has not been achieved. However, many techniques have been proposed to get closer to that aim. Here we review the current progress in the field. At first, we describe the most successful technique, the organ culture method, which allows to produce functional haploid cells. However, this method is based on the culturing of intact testis tissue with unknown factors acting inside it. Then we discuss different types of 3D-cultures where specific testicular cell populations may be aggregated and the impact of each cell population may be examined. Unfortunately, germ cell development does not proceed further than the pachytene stage of meiosis there, with rare exceptions. Finally, we describe recent studies that focus on germ cells in a conventional adherent cell culture. Such studies thoroughly examine issues within vitromeiosis and provide insight into the mechanisms of meiotic initiation.
Automatic measurement of exophthalmos based orbital CT images using deep learning
Authors: Zhang Yinghuai , Rao Jing , Wu Xingyang , Zhou Yongjin , Liu Guiqin , Zhang Hua
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Objective, accurate, and efficient measurement of exophthalmos is imperative for diagnosing orbital diseases that cause abnormal degrees of exophthalmos (such as thyroid-related eye diseases) and for quantifying treatment effects.

Methods: To address the limitations of existing clinical methods for measuring exophthalmos, such as poor reproducibility, low reliability, and subjectivity, we propose a method that uses deep learning and image processing techniques to measure the exophthalmos. The proposed method calculates two vertical distances; the distance from the apex of the anterior surface of the cornea to the highest protrusion point of the outer edge of the orbit in axial CT images and the distance from the apex of the anterior surface of the cornea to the highest protrusion point of the upper and lower outer edges of the orbit in sagittal CT images.

Results: Based on the dataset used, the results of the present method are in good agreement with those measured manually by clinicians, achieving a concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) of 0.9895 and an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.9698 on axial CT images while achieving a CCC of 0.9902 and an ICC of 0.9773 on sagittal CT images.

Discussion: In summary, our method can provide a fully automated measurement of the exophthalmos based on orbital CT images. The proposed method is reproducible, shows high accuracy and objectivity, aids in the diagnosis of relevant orbital diseases, and can quantify treatment effects.
Long-term effect of the absence of a companion robot on older adults: A preliminary pilot study
Authors: Yamazaki Ryuji , Nishio Shuichi , Nagata Yuma , Satake Yuto , Suzuki Maki , Kanemoto Hideki , Yamakawa Miyae , Figueroa David , Ishiguro Hiroshi , Ikeda Manabu
Published: February 2023

Robotic assistive technology for frail older adults has drawn attention, along with raising ethical concerns. The ethical implications of a robot's usage have been characterized in the literature as detrimental, such as emotional deception, unhealthy attachment, and reduced human contact from a deontological perspective. These concerns require practical investigations, although the long-term effect of robot usage on older adults remains uncertain. Our longitudinal study aimed to investigate how older adults with cognitive decline could be affected by using a robot for communication in their homes and how this situation could be reflected in possible emotional attachment to the robot i.e., emotional distress from the robot being taken away once they had become attached to it. We selected 13 older adults living alone and set up a humanoid robot in their homes with whom they could interact at any time for a period of 1–4 months. Questionnaire results indicated participants had a close attachment to the robots even after they were taken away. Interviews revealed that participants became distressed without the robots; however, despite the distress caused by feeling lonely, participants reported that their relationships with the robots were meaningful and that they were satisfied with the memories of having had the robot as a companion. The results raised new questions for further investigation into issues that should be addressed and potential factors affecting the user's adaptation processes. Regarding the consequences of the use of a companion robot, it is important to evaluate the positive aspects of the robot's usage including the emotional support lasting after it was no longer available and other effects on the users. Accordingly, we emphasize the significance of real-world exploration into the effects on the users as well as theoretical reflection on appropriate robot usage.
Artificial intelligence guidance of advanced heart failure therapies: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Al-Ani Mohammad A. , Bai Chen , Hashky Amal , Parker Alex M. , Vilaro Juan R. , Aranda Jr. Juan M. , Shickel Benjamin , Rashidi Parisa , Bihorac Azra , Ahmed Mustafa M. , Mardini Mamoun T.
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Artificial intelligence can recognize complex patterns in large datasets. It is a promising technology to advance heart failure practice, as many decisions rely on expert opinions in the absence of high-quality data-driven evidence.

Methods

We searched Embase, Web of Science, and PubMed databases for articles containing “artificial intelligence,” “machine learning,” or “deep learning” and any of the phrases “heart transplantation,” “ventricular assist device,” or “cardiogenic shock” from inception until August 2022. We only included original research addressing post heart transplantation (HTx) or mechanical circulatory support (MCS) clinical care. Review and data extraction were performed in accordance with PRISMA-Scr guidelines.

Results

Of 584 unique publications detected, 31 met the inclusion criteria. The majority focused on outcome prediction post HTx (n = 13) and post durable MCS (n = 7), as well as post HTx and MCS management (n = 7, n = 3, respectively). One study addressed temporary mechanical circulatory support. Most studies advocated for rapid integration of AI into clinical practice, acknowledging potential improvements in management guidance and reliability of outcomes prediction. There was a notable paucity of external data validation and integration of multiple data modalities.

Conclusion

Our review showed mounting innovation in AI application in management of MCS and HTx, with the largest evidence showing improved mortality outcome prediction.
Twelve years of iPads and apps in schools: What conditions support effective practices in K-6 classrooms?
Authors: Falloon Garry
Published: February 2023

Since their release in 2010, iPads and their associated apps have been touted as ‘game changers’ for schools struggling with technology provisioning issues, that limited their ability to fully leverage the educational potential of digital devices on a ‘whole class’ basis. Since then, a variety of schemes have been implemented such as ‘Bring Your Own Device’ (BYOD) and portable ‘device pods’, as systems for improving access to, and utilisation of, mobile technologies in classroom curriculum. In many schools, concurrent to these initiatives have been improvements in technology infrastructure, including upgrades to external connectivity via the advent of high-speed fibre-based broadband, and internally through the establishment of school wifi networks and associated online security systems. Aligned with these developments has been a growing body of research exploring how teachers at all levels of education systems have incorporated these new resources into their curriculum, and examining what, if any, benefits have resulted. This article is an analysis of key findings from four published studies undertaken by the author between 2015 and 2021 in New Zealand K-6 schools, to build understanding of factors that contributed to the effective practices with mobile devices witnessed in the research classrooms. While numerous separate studies have been undertaken exploring specific outcomes from the use of iPads and other mobile technologies in different educational contexts, the analysis presented in this article attempts to identify common factors existing across four purposively selected studies, that contributed to their success. The studies were deliberately chosen to provide a broad overview of applications of this technology in different K-6 classrooms for different purposes, supporting deeper understanding of the factors that underpin effective teaching and learning with and through mobile devices, in schools. This is important, as it builds knowledge of the fundamental foundations to effective educational use of mobile devices, regardless of the learning context in which they are used, and could assist teachers in designing, implementing and assessing curricular that optimises the learning potential of these devices.
Hormone replacement treatment regimen is associated with a higher risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in women undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer
Authors: Fan Lijuan , Li Na , Liu Xitong , Li Xiaofang , Cai He , Pan Dan , Wang Ting , Shi Wenhao , Qu Pengfei , Shi Juanzi
Published: February 2023

Introduction

In frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles, hormone replacement treatment (HRT) was associated with a higher risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) compared with natural cycles (NC). Multiple pregnancy was a risk factor for HDP and several studies did not conduct subgroup analysis of singleton pregnancy and multiple pregnancy.

Objective

To investigate whether HRT regimen could be a risk factor for HDP in women undergoing FET cycles in singleton and twin pregnancies.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study at a tertiary hospital, including a total of 9120 women who underwent FET and achieved ongoing pregnancy; 7590 patients underwent HRT-FET and 1530 NC-FET. The main outcome was HDP. HDP were analyzed for singleton and twin pregnancies, respectively.

Results

In the singleton pregnancy, the risk of HDP in the HRT-FET group was significantly higher than that in the NC-FET group (6.21% vs. 4.09%; P=0.003). After adjusting for female age oocyte pick up, female age at FET and body mass index (BMI), HRT was found as a risk factor for HDP (adjusted odds ration [aOR]: 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07 to 1.91; P=0.017). In the multiple pregnancy, the risk of HDP in the HRT-FET and NC-FET groups was similar.

Conclusion

HRT was associated with a higher risk of HDP in women who underwent FET and achieved singleton pregnancy.
Evaluation of ERA5-Land reanalysis datasets for extreme temperatures in the Qilian Mountains of China
Authors: Zhao Peng , He Zhibin , Ma Dengke , Wang Wen
Published: February 2023

An increase in extreme temperature events could have a significant impact on terrestrial ecosystems. Reanalysis temperature data are an important data set for extreme temperature estimation in mountainous areas with few meteorological stations. The ability of ERA5-Land reanalysis data to capture the extreme temperature index published by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI) was evaluated by using the observational data from 17 meteorological stations in the Qilian Mountains (QLM) during 1979–2017. The results show that the ERA5-Land reanalysis temperature data can capture well for the daily maximum temperature, two warm extremes (TXx and TX90p) and one cold extreme (FD0) in the QLM. ERA5-Land’s ability to capture temperature extremes is best in summer and worst in spring and winter. In addition, ERA5-Land can capture trends in all extreme temperature indices except the daily temperature range (DTR). The main bias of ERA5-Land is due to the difference in elevation between the ground observation station and the ERA5-Land grid point. The simulation accuracy of ERA5-Land increases with the decrease of elevation difference. The results can provide a reference for the study of local extreme temperature by using reanalysis data.
Impact of genetically predicted characterization of mitochondrial DNA quantity and quality on osteoarthritis
Authors: Liu Houpu , Cai Bingyue , Gong Ruicheng , Yang Ye , Wang Jing , Zhou Dan , Yu Min , Li Yingjun
Published: February 2023

Background: Existing studies have indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to osteoarthritis (OA) development. However, the causal association between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) characterization and OA has not been extensively explored.

Methods: Two-sample Mendelian randomization was performed to calculate the impact of mitochondrial genomic variations on overall OA as well as site-specific OA, with multiple analytical methods inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median (WM), MR-Egger and MR-robust adjusted profile score (MR-RAPS).

Results: Genetically determined mitochondrial heteroplasmy (MtHz) and mtDNA abundance were not causally associated with overall OA. In site-specific OA analyses, the causal effect of mtDNA abundance on other OA sites, including hip, knee, thumb, hand, and finger, had not been discovered. There was a suggestively protective effect of MtHz on knee OA IVW OR = 0.632, 95% CI: 0.425–0.939, p-value = 0.023. No causal association between MtHz and other different OA phenotypes was found.

Conclusion: MtHz shows potential to be a novel therapeutic target and biomarker on knee OA development. However, the variation of mtDNA abundance was measured from leukocyte in blood and the levels of MtHz were from saliva samples rather than cartilage or synovial tissues. Genotyping samples from synovial and cartilage can be a focus to further exploration.
Identification of gene mutations in six Chinese patients with maple syrup urine disease
Authors: Li Lulu , Mao Xinmei , Yang Nan , Ji Taoyun , Wang Shunan , Ma Yulan , Yang Haihe , Sang Yuting , Zhao Jinqi , Gong Lifei , Tang Yue , Kong Yuanyuan
Published: February 2023

Background: Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is a rare autosomal recessive amino acid metabolic disease. This study is to identify the pathogenic genetic factors of six cases of MUSD and evaluates the application value of high-throughput sequencing technology in the early diagnosis of MUSD.

Methods: Clinical examination was carried out for patients and used blood tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), urine gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and the application of high-throughput sequencing technology for detection. Validate candidate mutations by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)—Sanger sequencing technology. Bioinformatics software analyzed the variants’ pathogenicity. Using Swiss PDB Viewer software to predict the effect of mutation on the structure of BCKDHA and BCKDHB proteins.

Result: A total of six MSUD patients were diagnosed, including four males and two females. Nine variants were found in three genes of six MSUD families by high-throughput sequencing, including four missense mutations: c.659C>T(p.A220V), c.818C>T(p.T273I), c.1134C>G(p.D378E), and c.1006G>A(p.G336S); two non-sense mutations: c.1291C>T(p.R431*) and c.331C>T(p.R111*); three deletion mutations: c.550delT (p.S184Pfs*46), c.718delC (p.P240Lfs*14), and c.795delG (p.N266Tfs*64). Sanger sequencing’s results were consistent with the high-throughput sequencing. The bioinformatics software revealed that the mutations were harmful, and the prediction results of Swiss PDB Viewer suggest that variation affects protein conformation.

Conclusion: This study identified nine pathogenic variants in the BCKDHA, BCKDHB, and DBT genes in six MSUD families, including two novel pathogenic variants in the BCKDHB gene, which enriched the genetic mutational spectrum of the disease. High-throughput sequencing is essential for the MSUD’s differential diagnosis, early treatment, and prenatal diagnosis.