bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure on Female Sexual Function
Authors: KUL Gizem , BOZKURT Oya , TEMEL İlkbal , AKGOL Sedat , TİMUR Burcu , AKBAYİR Ozgur
Published: August 2020

Objective: The aim of the study is to objectively evaluate the effects of Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP) on women’s sexual function using a validated questionnaire.
Methods: This pre-post survey design study was conducted at a tertiary referral hospital gynecological oncology clinic. 80 sexually active patients who had undergone LEEP because of abnormal cervical cytology results between October 2018 and December 2018 were included. Participating patients answered the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire before undergoing LEEP and at 3 and 6 months after the procedure. The FSFI questionnaire consists of 19 multiple choice questions and it evaluates the following six aspects of female sexuality: arousal, lubrication, desire, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain. 9 patients were excluded for not coming to the follow-up appointments. Patients who had any systemic or psychological disease were excluded in order to avoid any additional variables that could affect sexual function.
Results: Arousal, lubrication, desire, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain were evaluated in 71 patients. There was no statistical difference in sexual desire, lubrication, sexual satisfaction, and pain in between follow-up results and the baseline scores. However, there was a significant decrease in patients’ orgasm scores and degree of arousal in the follow-up results compared to the baseline scores.
Conclusion: Parameters such as orgasm and the degree of arousal, which are strongly connected with a patient’s physical and psychological well-being, are affected by the procedure. We believe detailed information, psychological support, and even psychiatric consultation can have a beneficial effect on patients. Further studies with a larger sample and a control group and a longer follow-up interval should be performed to assess the effect of psychological precautions and to avoid sexual function disorders resulting from LEEP.
Cinema de asserção pressuposta: apontamentos sobre a construção intencional em dois curtas-metragens brasileiros
Authors: Azevedo Cristiana Magalhães de Carvalo , Da Silveira Jr Potiguara Mendes , De Lima Marília Xavier
Published: August 2020

Outra linguagem surge no cenário de produção cinematográfica de curtas-metragens brasileiros. Utilizando-se de uma narrativa híbrida, diretores moldam a forma fílmica de acordo com um ideal de representação particular. Parte-se do conceito do cinema de asserção pressuposta, de Noël Carroll (2005), para análise dos curtas-metragens Deus (2016), de Vinícius Silva, e Magalhães (2018), de Lucas Lazarini. Observa-se o enquadramento da ação subjetiva apontado para uma asserção do mundo contemporâneo e listam-se as novas qualidades da construção da imagem em cada uma das obras.
Silenciamento, visibilidade controlada ou representatividade? Que “negro” é esse em Guilhermina e Candelário?
Authors: Malta Renata Barreto , Bastos Roseli Pereira Nunes , Oliveira Cândida Santos de
Published: August 2020

O modelo de representação social em voga nos produtos audiovisuais televisivos, em especial naqueles produzidos e veiculados no Brasil, tem suscitado estudos e debates. Apesar da crítica ao padrão hegemônico alicerçado em raça e etnia, caracterizado mais por ausências do que presenças, que historicamente compõe esta suposta representatividade, ainda predomina a invisibilidade que, em alguma medida, tem sido substituída por uma visibilidade controlada. Na contramão desta conjuntura, a animação colombiana “Guilhermina e Candelário”, exibida no Brasil pela TVE / TV Brasil, apresenta uma série de histórias vivenciadas por personagens negros. Considerando sua excepcionalidade na TV aberta brasileira, propomos analisar de que forma aspectos sociais estão ali retratados. Nessa trajetória empírica, focamos na análise dos quatro protagonistas desta animação, na busca dos significados da narrativa, propostos por Bordwell e Thompson (2008). Como resultado, salientamos que a trama, mais do que problematizar questões raciais, naturaliza os personagens de modo que a sua relevância não se baseia no fato de serem negros. Aspectos étnicos são apresentados de forma bastante sutil e não estão no cerne da narrativa. Ademais, observamos uma ruptura da hegemonia no que concerne à estrutura de gênero que alicerça a sociedade, também de forma natural, porém com maior centralidade, ainda que alguns aspectos dos personagens analisados contribuam para a manutenção de padrões culturalmente naturalizados.
A crueldade e o erotismo sacroprofanos na trilogia da depressão de Lars von Trier
Authors: Motta Leda Tenório da , Matos Marcelo Dos Santos
Published: August 2020

O presente trabalho tem como objeto de estudo a Trilogia da Depressão do cineasta dinamarquês Lars von Trier. A trilogia é composta pelos filmes Anticristo (Antichrist, 2009), Melancolia (Melancholia, 2011) e Ninfomaníaca (Nymphomaniac, 2013). Mais especificamente, elege para análise três aspectos recorrentes do referido corpus:a função do prólogo, a comunhão das personagens com a natureza e a violência das relações. O referencial teórico alinha autores responsáveis por reflexões clássicas sobre o sagrado, a crueldade e o erotismo que são Mircea Eliade (2010), Antonin Artaud (2006) e Georges Bataille (2014). A intenção é realizar uma leitura à luz do conceito elidiano de Sacroprofano. O mesmo suspende a diferença que separa as missas negras da fé, assim, com os amálgamas do paradoxo, o sacroprofano se sustenta na linha tênue entre os interditos e transgressões, entre o contínuo e o descontínuo e na epifania da imagem.
Censores em transe: análise do processo de censura do filme Terra em transe
Authors: Magnolo Talita Souza , Barbosa Ramsés Albertoni , Musse Christina Ferraz
Published: August 2020

O artigo investiga o desempenho da Censura Federal, no Brasil, desde a época da Colônia até a década de 1960, durante a vigência da ditadura civil-militar de 1964, especificamente com relação à proibição e liberação do filme Terra em transe (1967), de Glauber Rocha. São analisados os documentos que a Censura produziu, a partir dos pareceres dos censores, para atuar como guardiã da ditadura, da Igreja Católica, dos poderes constituídos e da moral vigente. Durante essa época, a atuação da Censura se estendeu ao controle político, preocupando-se, igualmente, com a manutenção da ordem política e da segurança nacional, sistematizando o trabalho da repressão. O acesso aos acontecimentos em questão se deu a partir dos arquivos da própria Censura; não obstante, se os arquivos são instituições de memória cultural, também são lugares de memória investidos de uma aura simbólica que ultrapassa sua mera aparência material e sua funcionalidade, cujos documentos refletem as atividades que lhes deram origem. Portanto, é preciso compreender e analisar as contradições, o velamento e o desvelamento desses arquivos, pois foram produzidos na vigência de regimes de exceção, caracterizados pela hipertrofia documental, fraudando as práticas funcionais do Estado, porquanto suas práticas de vigilância e de controle agenciam um minucioso trabalho de documentação. Após a análise dos documentos da Censura foi possível concluir que o trabalho dos censores era atuar como guardiões da ditadura civil-militar de 1964, da Igreja Católica, dos poderes constituídos e da moral vigente. Entretanto, tal contexto repressivo e autoritário abriu perspectivas para os novos pensadores e idealizadores da liberdade de expressão.
A COMPREHENSIVE DETERMINING OF CAPACITANCE -VOLTAGE PARAMETERS OF ELECTRONIC DEVICES WITH METAL AND p-Si JUNCTION
Authors: COŞKUN Fatih Mehmet
Published: August 2020

Al-p-Si-Al structures were fabricated and temperature dependent capacitance versus voltage measurements were performed in this study. The Al contacts were grown by the sputtering method and then capacitance-voltage characteristics of the devices were performed with forward and reverse biases. According to this measurements, the C-2 –V plots were conducted. With the help of those calculation, the barrier height vs temperature (ΦCV – T), the carrier concentration vs temperature (NA – T) and the depletion width vs temperature (w – T) graphs were plotted. In conclusion, it has been seen that the ΦCV and w decreased, and NA almost remained constant with increasing temperature.
THUJA ORİENTALİS BİTKİSİ KOZALAĞINDAN AKTİF KARBON HAZIRLANMASI VE SUDAKİ REAKTİF MAVİSİ 49 GİDERİMİ İÇİN KULLANILMASI
Authors: KAZAK Ömer , SUNGUR Ferhat
Published: August 2020

Bu çalışmada, Thuja Orientalis kozalağı aktif karbon hazırlamada başlangıç maddesi olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Thuja Orientalis kozalakları kurutma ve öğütme işlemlerinden sonra 500 °C’de ZnCI2 ile farklı oranlarda emdirilerek aktive edilmiştir. ZnCI2 miktarının elde edilen ürünlerin yapısı ve morfolojisi üzerine etkileri FT-IR, SEM ve BET ve zeta potansiyeli teknikleri kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Aktivasyon işlemleri sonucunda, Thuja Orientalis kozalaklarının ZnCI2 ile kütlece 1:2 oranında emdirilmesi sonucu elde edilen ürünün en yüksek yüzey alanına (1195 m2/g) ve mikro gözenek hacmine (0.599 cm3/g) sahip aktif karbon olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu aktif karbonun farklı deneysel şartlar altında sudaki reaktif mavisi 49 giderim verimi araştırılmıştır. Reaktif mavisi 49’un giderimin de aktif karbonun giderim kapasitesi Langmuir izoterm modeline göre 95.239 mg/g’dır. Elde edilen aktif karbonun giderim kapasitesinde bir değişiklik olmadan en az on kez adsorpsiyon-desorpsiyon döngüsünde kullanılabilir olduğu belirlenmiştir.
MERKEZİ BİR DEPO İÇİN GÜNLÜK SEVKİYAT PLANLAMASI
Authors: OCAK Dilek , YAPICIOĞLU Haluk
Published: August 2020

Bu çalışmada seramik ve armatür grubunda faaliyet gösteren bir işletmenin Tuzla İstanbul’da bulunan deposundan İstanbul ve çevre illerdeki müşterilerine yapacağı teslimatlar için günlük sevkiyat planlarının oluşturulması problemi ele alınmıştır. Ele alınan problem işletmenin operasyonel kısıtları altında heterojen filolu araç rotalama problemi olarak tanımlanmıştır. Tanımlanan problem öncelikle karma tam sayılı matematiksel model kullanılarak toplam kat edilen mesafenin enküçüklenmesi olarak ele alınmış, ancak çözüm süresinin uzunluğu geliştirilen modelin kullanımını ciddi ölçüde sınırlamıştır. Bu sebeple çözüm yöntemi olarak çok büyük komşuluk arama sezgiseline dayanan başka bir çözüm yöntemi kullanılarak tatmin edici çözümlere çok daha kısa sürede ulaşılabildiği gösterilmiştir. Bunlara ek olarak, işletmenin elindeki araç parkının günlük sipariş sayısı ile ilişkisi araştırılmış, hangi durumlarda hangi büyüklükte kaç adet araca ihtiyaç duyulacağı detaylı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar bağlamında, işletmenin sahip olduğu mevcut araç parkının günlük sevkiyat ihtiyaçlarını karşılamakta yeterli olduğu, dikkatli bir planlama ile günlük sevkiyat gereksinimlerinin tamamının karşılanabildiği tespit edilmiştir.
DEEP LEARNING-BASED APPROACH FOR MISSING DATA IMPUTATION
Authors: CİHAN Pinar
Published: August 2020

The missing values in the datasets are a problem that will decrease the machine learning performance. New methods are recommended every day to overcome this problem. The methods of statistical, machine learning, evolutionary and deep learning methods are among these methods. Although deep learning is one of the popular subjects of today, there are limited studies in the missing data imputation. Several deep learning techniques have been used to handling missing data, one of them is the auto-encoder and its denoising and stacked variants. In this study, the missing value in three different real-world datasets was estimated by using denoising auto-encoder (DAE), k-nearest neighbor (kNN) and multivariate imputation by chained equations (MICE) methods. The estimation success of the methods was compared according to the root mean square error (RMSE) criterion. It was observed that the DAE method was more successful than other methods in estimating the missing values.
Stability Analysis of Nontrivial Stationary Solution and Constant Equilibrium Point of Reaction-Diffusion Neural Networks with Time Delays under Dirichlet Zero Boundary Value
Authors: Rao Ruofeng
Published: August 2020

In this paper, Lyapunov-Razumikhin technique, design of state-dependent switching laws, a fixed point theorem and variational methods are employed to derive the existence and the unique existence results of (globally) exponentially stable positive stationary solution of delayed reaction-diffusion cell neural networks under Dirichlet zero boundary value, including the global stability criteria \textbf{in the classical meaning}. Next, sufficient conditions are proposed to guarantee the global stability invariance of ordinary differential systems under the influence of diffusions. New theorems show that the diffusion is a double-edged sword in judging the stability of diffusion systems. Besides, an example is constructed to illuminate that any non-zero constant equilibrium point must be not in the phase plane of dynamic system under Dirichlet zero boundary value, or it must lead to a contradiction. Next, under Lipschitz assumptions on active function, another example is designed to prove that the small diffusion effect will cause the essential change of the phase plane structure of the dynamic behavior of the delayed neural networks via a Saddle point theorem. Finally, a numerical example illustrates the feasibility of the proposed methods.
Anode Maturation Time for Attaining a Mature Anode Biofilm and Stable Cell Performance in a Single Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell with a Brush Anode
Authors: Tran Huong V. H. , Kim Eojin , Koo Bonyoung , Sung Sunghoon , Jung Sokhee P.
Published: August 2020

To obtain an accurate and reproducible experimental results in microbial fuel cell (MFC), it is important to know ‘anode maturation biofilm’ to produce a stable and maximum performance. For this purpose, four single chamber MFCs were tested in this study. The linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) polarization tests illustrated that maximum power densities of three MFCs became stable after 9 weeks. Although there were variations afterwards, such variations were negligible. Average maximum power densities from the 9th to the 17th week were 2,990 mW/m2 (MFC-4), 2,983 mW/m2 (MFC-2), 2,368 mW/m2 (MFC-3) and 837 mW/m2 (MFC-1). Polarization resistance shows that MFC-1 had much larger anode resistance (36.6-85.4 Ω) than the other MFCs (1.7-11.6 Ω). Anodic cyclic voltammetry (CV) shows that current production increased over time and MFC-1 had much smaller current production (24.4 mA) than the other MFCs (31.0-34.9 mA) at 17th week. The increased current production indicates anode biofilm became more mature over time, but overall cell performance did not increased accordingly. Possibly due to the bad inoculation, MFC-1 showed the lowest performance. However, its performance was restored to the initial performance and anode resistance was reduced by 47% at 17th week. This study shows that the optimum anode maturation time is 9 weeks and that bioanode performance is a key factor for MFC performance. This study also shows than LSV polarization and CV tests are accurate and non-destructive measurement methods for diagnosing anode performance.
Monitoring the Redox Status in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Tanaka Masaru , Vécsei László
Published: August 2020

Worldwide, over 2.2 million people are suffered from multiple sclerosis (MS), a multifactorial demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. MS is characterized by multifocal inflammatory or demyelinating attacks associated with neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and postmortem brain samples of MS patients evidenced the disturbance of reduction-oxidation (redox) homeostasis such as the alterations of oxidative and antioxidative enzyme activities and the presence of degradation products. This review article discussed the components of redox homeostasis including reactive chemical species, oxidative enzymes, antioxidative enzymes, and degradation products. The reactive chemical species covered frequently discussed reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, infrequently featured reactive chemicals such as sulfur, carbonyl, halogen, selenium, and nucleophilic species that potentially act as reductive as well as pro-oxidative stressors. The antioxidative enzyme systems covered the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) signaling pathway. The NRF2 and other transcriptional factors potentially become a biomarker sensitive to the initial phase of oxidative stress. Altered components of the redox homeostasis in MS were discussed in search of a diagnostic, prognostic, predictive, and/or therapeutic biomarker. Finally, monitoring a battery of reactive chemical species, oxidative enzymes, antioxidative enzymes and degradation products helps evaluate the redox status of MS patients, expediting prolongation of remission, prevention of relapse, and thus building personalized treatment plans.
Off-Resonant Absorption Enhancement in Single Nanowires via Graded Dual-Shell Design
Authors: Liu Wenfu , Guo Xiaolei , Xing Shule , Yao Haizi , Wang Yinling , Bai Liuyang , Wang Qi , Zhang Liang , Wu Dachuan , Zhang Yuxiao , Wang Xiao , Yi Yasha
Published: August 2020

Single nanowires (NWs) are of great importance for optoelectronic applications, especially solar cells serving as powering nanoscale devices. However, weak off-resonant absorption can limit its light-harvesting capability. Here, we propose a single NW coated with the graded-index dual shells (DSNW). We demonstrate that with appropriate thickness and refractive index of the inner shell, the DSNW exhibits significantly enhanced light trapping compared with the bare NW (BNW), and the NW only coated with the outer shell (OSNW) and the inner shell (ISNW), which can be attributed to the optimal off-resonant absorption mode profiles due to the improved coupling between the reemitted light of the transition modes of the leak mode resonances of the Si core and the nanofocusing light from the dual shells with the graded refractive index. We found that the light absorption can be engineered via tuning the thickness and the refractive index of the inner shell, the photocurrent density is significantly enhanced by 134% (56%, 12%) in comparison with that of the BNW (OSNW, ISNW). This work advances our understanding of how to improve off-resonant absorption by applying graded dual-shell design and provides a new choice for designing high-efficiency single NW photovoltaic devices.
On Catalysis by Biological Macromolecular Enzymes
Authors: Dong Jianshu
Published: August 2020

Classical enzyme kinetics are interpreted from a new angle here, and biological macromolecular enzyme catalysis is viewed and explored at the molecular level. The time course of sequential catalytic events is analyzed, the relationships between catalytic efficiency, catalytic rate/velocity and the amount of time consumed are established. This writing tries to connect the microscopic molecular behavior of enzymes to kinetic data obtained in experiment, and the equations proposed here can be testified and examined by future experiments.
Municipal Residence Level of Long-Term PM10 Exposure Associated with Obesity among Young Adults in Seoul, Korea
Authors: Kim Jayeun , Yoon Kyuhyun
Published: August 2020

Background: The associations between long-term exposure to particulate matters (PM) in residential ambiance and obesity are comparatively less elucidated among young adults. Methods: Using 2017 Community Health Survey data with aged 19−29 participants in 25 communities, Seoul, the relationship between obesity and long−term PM10 levels of living district was examined. We defined obesity as overweight (25≤BMI<30) or obese (30≤BMI) using Body Mass Index (BMI) from self-reported anthropometric information. Analysis was conducted sampling weighted logistic regression models by fitting municipal PM10 levels according to individual residence periods with 10 years and more residing in a current municipality. Socio-demographic factors were adjusted over all models and age−specific effect was explored among aged 19–24 and 25–29. Results: Total study population are 3,655 [men 1,680 (46.0%) and aged 19–24 1,933 (52.9%)] individuals. Among the communities with greater level of PM10; 2001–2005, associations with obesity were increased for overall with residence period; 10 years ≤ [Odds ratio, OR 1.071, 95% Confidence interval (CI) 0.969–1.185], 15 years ≤ [OR 1.118, 95% CI 1.004–1.245], and 20 years ≤ [OR 1.156, 95% CI 1.032–1.294]. However, decreased associations were detected for PM10; 2006–2010, and age–specific effects were modified according to the residence period. Conclusions: Although currently PM10 levels are decreasing, higher levels of PM10 exposure at the residential area during the earlier life-time may contribute in increasing obesity among young adults.
Mathematical Blockchain Modeling of Peer-to-Peer Networks for Gene Expression in Cell Population
Authors: Choi Jung In
Published: August 2020

The study presents a mathematical modeling for supporting the premise that our body is composed of blockchain systems. A cell population is considered a space with peer-to-peer communication networks for applying blockchain protocol. Transaction is defined as gene expression that constantly occurs for protein synthesis in each cell. The transaction process proceeds according to the blockchain protocol with sharing and recording the data on the blockchain ledger. The premise comes from the clues of the previous research such that the cell population is a complex structured network system having cell-to-cell connections. Although individual cells exhibit stochastic nonlinear dynamic behavior, cell population shows consensus behavior that reaches to ensemble through interaction among cells. It is inferred that gene expression is not regulated by the corresponding cell only nor determined by external intelligence such as the brain. This is achieved through a consensus through stochastic interactions between cells over the whole cell population. These findings imply that mathematical blockchain modeling is a suitable for gene expression process. The original contribution of the study is a methodology for applying mathematically the blockchain protocol to the real biological gene expression process. In other words, the DNA sequence is converted into a numeral bit sequence that makes it possible to implement the blockchain protocol. A new DNA sequence scheme is proposed with adding methylated cytosine and adenine as the 5th and 6th bases for including epigenetic information which has profound effect on gene expression and regulation. The methodology was applied to the real biological synthesis process of protein samples. The protein is composed of amino acids that are encoded by triplet codons of 216 kinds with 6 base RNA sequence. The gene expression information is traced backward from a synthesized protein sample, amino acids of codons, RNA transcript up to DNA sequence. One of the results is a numeric value in the form of a bit sequence with which mathematical blockchain modeling is applicable. The cryptographic authentication and the consensus process are mathematically proven to work properly by the blockchain protocol. It implies that the same protein is synthesized, but with different epigenetic data, then protein's latent material properties will certainly be different. Although the result has not been justified by the biologic experiment yet, it is sure that the biological hidden algorithm inside DNA sequence will be revealed by the binary bit-logic with physical on/off states which is mathematically proven. The research will greatly contribute to disease treatment and medicine development as well as epigenetics in the future.
Beta-Lactamase Resistance Genes in Enterobacteriaceae from Nigeria
Authors: Awosile Babafela , Agbaje Michael , Adebowale Oluwawemimo , Kehinde Olugbenga , Omoshaba Ezekiel
Published: August 2020

This review was carried out to identify different beta-lactamase resistance genes reported in published literature from Nigeria and to determine the proportion estimates of the important beta-lactamase resistance genes in Nigeria. Sixty-three (63) articles were included in this review based on the eligibility criteria. All the beta-lactamases reported were detected from the Gram-negative bacteria, most especially from Enterobacteriaceae (n=53). Thirty-six different beta-lactamase genes have been reported from Nigeria. These genes belong to the narrow-spectrum, AmpC, extended-spectrum, and carbapenemase beta-lactamase resistance genes. Eight (8) genes (blaDHA, blaCTXM-1, blaCTXM-14, blaGES-1, blaVEB-1, blaOXA-1, blaOXA-2, and blaTEM-1) were shared between animals and humans, 5 genes (blaSHV-1, blaSHV-2, blaSHV-11, blaSHV-12, and blaNDM-1) were common to both humans and environment while none of the genes was unique to both animals and environment. Four genes including blaCMY, blaTEM-1, blaAmpC, and internationally pandemic blaCTXM-15 gene were unique to animals, humans, and the environment. No carbapenemase gene was reported from animals yet. The pooled proportion estimate of ESBL genes in Nigeria was 31% (95% CI: 26-36%, P<0.0001), while the estimate of blaCTXM-15 gene in Nigeria was 46% (95% CI: 36-57%, P<0.0001). The proportion estimate of AmpC genes was 32% (95% CI: 11-52%, P<0.001), while the estimate for carbapenemases was 8% (95% CI: 5-12%, P<0.001). This study has provided information on the beta-lactamases distribution in Nigeria. This is necessary for a better understanding of molecular epidemiology of clinically important beta-lactamases especially the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenemases in Nigeria.
Biological Organization Principles: Biogenesis, Cognition and Evolution of Living Systems
Authors: Maureira Carlos , Garcia Jose
Published: August 2020

The Autopoiesis and Cognition Theory (ACT), by Maturana and Varela, based on the notions of Biological Closure and Structural Coupling, is a well-known theory on how to understand biological organization [1, 2, 3]. Although, for example, the Free Energy Principle framework evokes some entailments of autopoiesis in a more formal setting [4, 5]; and ACT has been used in many fields, its impact has been restricted because it lacks quantitative analysis. Here we present a theoretical framework grounded in accepted and well-developed ideas from Mathematics and Physics which advance the understanding of the Principles of Biological Organization under the guidance of Biological Closure and Structural Coupling. The disciplines of Differential Geometry/Topology, Mechanics and Complex Dynamical Systems provide a powerful, elegant, and well-established body of knowledge to support our Biological Organization Principles (BOP) framework. In particular, Stochastic Mechanics and KAM theory (from Kolmogorov, Arnold and Moser theorem) allow us to develop, using the notions of Biological Closure and Structural Coupling, a central core of BOP termed Dynamical Closure Mechanism. Under the proposed framework, a wide variety of bio- logical phenomena can be understood, shedding new light on biological explanations. However, an understanding of biological organization may require the re-evaluation of dogmas on how we think on biology as it seems inescapable that what is needed is an integration of analysis and notions derived from mathematics, physics, and biology to generate a new landscape of ideas.
CO2 Methanation of Biogas Over 20 wt% Ni-Mg-Al Catalyst: On the Effect of N2, CH4, and O2 on CO2 Conversion Rate
Authors: Han Danbee , Kim Yunji , Byun Hyunseung , Cho Wonjun , Baek Youngsoon
Published: August 2020

Biogas contains more than 40% CO2 that can be removed to produce high quality CH4. Recently, CH4 production from CO2 methanation has been reported in several studies. In this study, CO2 methanation of biogas was performed over a 20 wt% Ni-Mg-Al catalyst, and the effects of CO2 conversion rate and CH4 selectivity were investigated as a function of CH4, O2, H2O, and N2 compositions of the biogas. At a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 30,000/h, the CO2 conversion rate was ~79.3% with a CH4 selectivity of 95%. In addition, the effects of the reaction temperature (200–450 °C), GHSV (21,000–50,000/h), and H2/CO2 molar ratio (3–5) on the CO2 conversion rate and CH4 selectivity over the 20 wt% Ni-Mg-Al catalyst were evaluated. The characteristics of the catalyst were analyzed using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The catalyst was stable for approximately 200 h at a GHSV of 30,000/h and a reaction temperature of 350 °C. CO2 conversion and CH4 selectivity were maintained at 75% and 93%, respectively, and the catalyst was therefore concluded to exhibit stable activity.
Beyond History: The List of The Most Well Studied Human Protein Structures
Authors: Li Zhenlu , Buck Matthias
Published: August 2020

Of 20,000 or so canonical human protein sequences, as of July 2020, 6,747 proteins have had their full or partial medium to high-resolution structures determined by x-ray crystallography or other methods. Which of these proteins dominate the protein database (the PDB) and why? In this paper, we list the 272 top protein structures based on the number of their PDB depositions. This set of proteins accounts for more than 40% of all available human PDB entries and represent past trend and current status for protein science. We briefly discuss the relationship which some of the prominent protein structures have with protein biophysics research and mention their relevance to human diseases. The information may inspire researchers who are new to protein science, but it also provides a year 2020 snap-shot for the state of protein science.
Enhancement of the Transparency and Flatness of Engraved Facets in a Broadband Range by Optimizing Its Engraved Structure
Authors: Gurwich Ioseph , Greenberg Yakov , Harush Kobi , Tzabari Yarden Tzabari
Published: August 2020

Achieving devices to be transparent is the task considered in the last time in many aspects and for different purposes. One issue of these problems is making anti-reflective surfaces in a wide wavelength range and keeping it flat enough. The authors of the previous publication showed that one could enhance a flat facet's transmission efficiency by suitable engraving. They used smoothed conical fingers and holes. Here, we widen the class of anti-reflective metasurfaces under consideration, following the requirements of the model developed in the previous paper. We involve also smoothed pyramidal fingers. The obtained results provide the improved engraved structure, with parameters dependent on the required spectral range, and the facet format. The predicted level of transmittance is close to 99\%, and the flatness(estimated by the standard deviation) as 0.2\%. This improvement is significant enough for high and broadband transmittance. In this work, we show that the randomization of the engraving parameters does not provide any significant effect for small facets. We also discuss a simple way of comparing experimental and theoretical results for a waveguide with the considered input and output features. In this study, as well as in our previous work, we restrict ourselves by rectangular facets. We also discuss the limitations that originated from the size and shape of the waveguide facets.
Oncolytic Virotherapy in Glioma Tumors
Authors: Sergio Rius-Rocabert , García-Romero Noemí , García Fernández Antonia , Angel Ayuso-Sacido , Estanislao Nistal-Villan
Published: August 2020

Glioma tumors are one of the most devastating cancer types. Of the different glioma tumors, glioblastoma is the most advanced stage with the worst prognosis. Current therapies are still unable to provide an effective cure. Recent advantages in oncolytic immunotherapy have generated great expectations in the cancer therapy field. The use of oncolytic viruses (OV) in cancer treatment is one of those immune-therapeutic alternatives. OV have a double oncolytic action by both, directly destroying the cancer cells, sparing the patient’s life, and stimulating a tumor specific immune response to revert the ability of tumors to escape the control of the immune system. OV are one promising alternative to conventional therapies in glioma tumor treatment. Several clinical trials have proven the feasibility to use some viruses to specifically infect tumors eluding undesired toxic effects in the patient. Here we have revisited the literature in order to describe the main OV proposed so far as therapeutic alternatives to destroy glioma cells in vitro and trigger tumor destruction in vivo. Some clinical trials are exploring the use of this therapy as an alternative were other approaches provide limited hope.
Demographic and Exploitation Parameters of the Blue Shark, Prionace Glauca in the Gulf of Guinea (Togo-Benin-Nigeria)
Authors: Calèbe Midinoudéwa Houangninan Emmanuel , Sohou Zacharie , Tulashie Samuel Kofi , Fiogbé Emile Didier
Published: August 2020

Prionace glauca, blue shark is a cosmopolitan species. Together with Carcharhinus falciformis, it co-dominated the landings of carcharhinidae sharks at the Artisanal Fishing Port of Cotonou. The objective of this study is to determine the demographic parameters of the blue shark in Gulf of Guinea marine waters. The different routines of the FISAT II v 1.2 software associated with the empirical equations of Froese and Nohland, allowed the evaluation of the different demographic parameters of the blue shark in Benin's marine waters. From August to December 2015, 244 individuals shark sizes; ranging from 175cm to 325cm were sampled. The total asymptotic length obtained was 341.25cm with a growth rate of 0.35/year, which indicates that the species is growing rapidly and the optimal total length of the species is 232.01cm. The age of first maturity of the species is 3 years with a longevity of 10 years. The exploitation rate is E= 0.74 with total mortality being 2.4; natural mortality is 0.6 and fishing mortality is 1.8. The sex ratio remains in favour of males throughout the study period. Monitoring programme were suggested with effective management measures established and executed for sustainability of the blue shark’s stock in the Gulf of Guinea.
Sequenced Combinations of Cisplatin and Selected Phytochemicals Towards Overcoming Drug Resistance in Ovarian Tumour Models
Authors: Althurwi Safiah Ibrahim , Yu Jun Q. , Beale Philip , Huq Fazlul
Published: August 2020

Background: In the present study, cisplatin, artemisinin and oleanolic acid were evaluated alone and in combination, on human ovarian A2780, A2780ZD0473R and A2780cisR cancer cell lines with aim of overcoming cisplatin resistance and side effects. Methods: Cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT reduction assay. CI values were used as a measure of combined drug effect. MALDI TOF/TOF MS/MS and 2-DE gel electrophoresis were used to identify protein biomarkers in ovarian cancer and to evaluate combination effects. Results: Synergism from combinations was dependent on concentration and sequence of administration. Generally, bolus was most synergistic. 49 proteins differently expressed by 2 ≥ fold were: CYPA, EIF5A1, Op18, p18, LDHB, P4HB, HSP7C, GRP94, ERp57, mortalin, IMMT, CLIC1, NM23, PSA3,1433Z, and HSP90B were down-regulated, whereas hnRNPA1, hnRNPA2/B1, EF2, GOT1, EF1A1, VIME, BIP, ATP5H, APG2, VINC, KPYM, RAN, PSA7, TPI, PGK1, ACTG and VDAC1 were up-regulated, while TCPA, TCPH, TCPB, PRDX6, EF1G, ATPA, ENOA, PRDX1, MCM7, GBLP, PSAT, Hop, EFTU, PGAM1, SERA and CAH2 were not-expressed in A2780cisR cells. The proteins were found to play critical roles in cell cycle regulation, metabolism and biosynthetic processes and drug resistance and detoxification. Conclusion: Results indicate that appropriately sequenced combinations of cisplatin with ART and OA may provide a means to reduce side effects and circumvent platinum resistance.
GIS and Remote Sensing Based Physical Land Suitability Analysis for Culitivation OF Selected Cool Weather Cereal Crops, Misha District, Hadiya Zone, South Central Ethiopia
Authors: Abebe Solomon
Published: August 2020

This study to assess the Physical Land Suitability Analysis for Cultivation of Selected Cool Weather Cereal Crops, Misha District, Hadiya Zone, South Central Ethiopia of major cereal crops of barley and teff in Misha district. Each of the criteria was separately reclassified and analyzed for their suitability for supporting barley and teff crops based on the FAO crop requirements specified for them. The major data sources were climatic data, soil, LGP and topographic data as well as key informant interview, questioner observation of crop requirements which have been considered to undertake suitability assessments of the study area. The factor maps like land use /land cover, temperature, rain fall, soil type and altitude were classified based on suitability evaluation methods of FAO and experts’ opinion. At final stage these were reclassified and standardized in GIS software extension tools, which led to the preparation of suitability analysis map of the major crops plant suitability classes. As part of spatial MCDM, AHP pair wise comparison module was used to derive internal and external weights for each individual factors and parameters respectively. Consequently, suitability analysis was done and weighted overlay suitability map was visualized with integration of GIS. The findings show that among total area of land suitability maps for both barley and teff cops were using weighted overlay techniques. The suitability map of teff crop shows that 12,038.22 hectare of the investigated area are highly suitable (S1), 19,646.07 hectare moderately suitable (S2) and 4,501.71 hectare marginally suitable (S3) and 112 hectare not suitable. On the other hand, the suitability map of barley crop shows that 7,898.52 hectare of the investigated area are highly suitable (S1), 22,830.08 hectare moderately suitable (S2), and 5,466.4 hectare marginally suitable (S3) and 103 hectare not suitable for economic reasons (N1). This was done for barley and Teff crops separately. Results of the study revealed that most of the lands in the study area are suitable for the cultivation of the selected crops and other crops. Based on finding, it could be recommended that this work would be used as policy guide for planners; investment could be successful in the District, further suitability research works should be carried out in order to optimize the major crop cultivation and production.
Popularity Prediction of Instagram Posts
Authors: Carta Salvatore , Podda Alessandro Sebastian , Reforgiato Recupero Diego , Saia Roberto , Usai Giovanni
Published: August 2020

Predicting the popularity of posts on social networks has taken on significant importance in recent years, and several social media management tools now offer solutions to improve and optimize the quality of published content and to enhance the attractiveness of companies and organizations. Scientific research has recently moved in this direction, with the aim of exploiting advanced techniques such as machine learning, deep learning, natural language processing, etc., to support such tools. In light of the above, in this work we aim to address the challenge of predicting the popularity of a future post on Instagram, by defining the problem as a classification task and by proposing an original approach based on Gradient Boosting and feature engineering, which led us to promising experimental results. The proposed approach exploits big data technologies for scalability and efficiency and is general enough to be applied to other social media as well.
The Impacts of The Sharing Economy Model on Vietnam
Authors: Pham Thanh Nga
Published: August 2020

In recent years, there have been many new global companies investing and operating in Vietnam as a form of sharing economy (Uber, Grab, Foody, Agoda, Facebook, Google) These kinds of economy models are popular in the world but very new in Vietnam. Sharing economy enterprises bring both benefit and challenges for Vietnam. Before time, there is no policy and law to govern the activities of these companies. So they make the challenges for the authority of Vietnam to manage. This paper will analyze the nature, characters, and impact of the sharing economy in Vietnam. It also mentions the problems and recommends some solutions to manage activities of sharing - economy company
Gross Chromosomal Rearrangements in Kluyveromyces Marxianus Revealed by Illumina and Oxford Nanopore Sequencing
Authors: Ding Lin , Macdonald Harrison D. , Smith Hamilton O , Hutchison III Clyde A. , Merryman Chuck , Michaels Todd P. , Abramson Bradley W. , Kannan Krishna , Liang Joe , Gill John , Gibson Daniel G. , Glass John I.
Published: August 2020

Kluyveromyces marxianus (K. marxianus) is a newly emerging industrially relevant yeast. It is known to possess a highly efficient Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ) pathway that promotes random integration of non-homologous DNA fragments into its genome. The nature of the integration events was traditionally analyzed by Southern blot hybridization. However, the precise DNA sequence at the insertion sites were not fully explored. We transformed a PCR product of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae URA3 gene (ScURA3) into an uracil auxotroph K. marxianus wildtype strain and picked 24 stable Ura+ transformants for sequencing analysis. We took advantage of rapid advances in DNA sequencing technologies and developed a method using a combination of Illumina MiSeq and Oxford Nanopore sequencing. This approach enables us to uncover the Gross Chromosomal Rearrangements (GCRs) that are associated with the ScURA3 random integration. Moreover, it will shine a light on understanding DNA repair mechanisms in Eukaryotes, which could potentially provide insights for cancer research.
Management of the Engineering Data for Manufacturing
Authors: Atakok Gurcan , Cun Mufit
Published: August 2020

All departments in a business work separately, but for the same purpose.In this article, a system that allows not only the mechanical design department but also the manufacturing, storage, process planning, quality control, electrical design, purchasing departments, etc. to have access to the required information has been developed. Initially, current manufacturng result informations is collected from the project attandees. Secondly, a workflow is designed dependent on the current data flow. All the project stakeholders are introduced to join and use product data management system. In the absence of this kind of system, loss of time, scraps and loss of engineering time would be investigated. This allowed the company owners to be sure that no faulty revision of design will be produced after the system started. On the other hand automation of bill of materials generation provided the purchasing department correct and up to date information about outsourced parts. Allowing different engineering disciplines to work together provided more suitable environment. Gradually this conditions allowed all the departments work faster and market the new product much faster than before the system. Tracing the workflows for management purposes would be handled by the system. A ‘Validation of Design’ process is modelled for the company.
Effect of Cu and Cs in the b-Mo2C System for CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol
Authors: Dongil Ana Belén , zhang Qi , Pastor-Pérez Laura , Ramírez-Reina Tomás , Guerrero-Ruiz Antonio , Rodríguez-Ramos Inmaculada
Published: August 2020

Mitigation of Anthropogenic CO2 emissions possess a major global challenge for modern societies. Herein catalytic solutions are meant to play a key role. Among the different catalysts for CO2 conversion Cu supported on molybdenum carbide is receiving increasing attention. Hence, in the present communication we show the activity, selectivity and stability of fresh-prepared -Mo2C catalysts and compare the results with those of Cu/Mo2C, Cs/Mo2C and Cu/Cs/Mo2C in CO2 hydrogenation reactions. The results showed that all the catalysts were active and the main reaction product was methanol. The results showed that copper-cesium and molybdenum effectively interact and that cesium promoted the formation of metallic Mo. While, the incorporation of copper is positive to improve the activity and selectivity to methanol, the presence of Mo0 phase was detrimental for the conversion and selectivity. Moreover, the catalysts promoted by cesium underwent redox surface transformations during the reaction that diminished their catalytic performance. The molybdenum phase in Cu/Mo2C changes during reaction leading to metallic molybdenum and tuning the catalytic activity.
An Integrated Analytical Approach Reveals Trichome Acylsugar Metabolite Diversity in the Wild Tomato Solanum Pennellii
Authors: Lybrand Daniel B. , Anthony Thilani M. , Jones Arthur Daniel , Last Robert L.
Published: August 2020

Acylsugars constitute an abundant class of pest- and pathogen-protective Solanaceae family plant specialized metabolites produced in secretory glandular trichomes. Solanum pennellii produces copious triacylated sucrose and glucose esters, and the core biosynthetic pathway producing these compounds was previously characterized. We performed untargeted metabolomic analysis of S. pennellii surface metabolites from accessions spanning the species range, which indicated geographic trends in acylsugar profile and revealed two compound classes previously undescribed from this species, tetraacylglucoses and flavonoid aglycones. A combination of ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HR-MS) and NMR spectroscopy identified variations in number, length, and branching pattern of acyl chains, and the proportion of sugar cores in acylsugars among accessions. The new dimensions of acylsugar variation revealed by this analysis further indicate variation in the biosynthetic and degradative pathways responsible for acylsugar accumulation. These findings provide a starting point for deeper investigation of acylsugar biosynthesis, an understanding of which can be exploited through crop breeding or metabolic engineering strategies to improve endogenous defenses of crop plants.
COVID-19 Suicide among Adolescents and Youths during the Lockdown: An Exploratory Study based on Media Reports
Authors: Manzar Md. Dilshad , Albougami Abdulrhman , Usman Norina , Mamun Mohammed A.
Published: August 2020

Background: The incidences of COVID-19 related suicide among adolescents and youths have been reported across the world. There is no cumulative study focusing on nature, patterns, and causative factors that lead to the present investigation. Methods: A purposive sampling of google news between 15 February to 6 July was performed. After excluding duplicate reports, the final list comprised a total of 37-suicide cases across 11 countries. Results: More male suicides were reported (21-cases, i.e., 56.76%), and the mean age of the total victims was 16.6±2.7 years (out of a total of 29-cases). About two-thirds of the suicides were from three countries named India (11-cases), United Kingdom (8-cases), and the USA (6-cases). Out of 23-student victims, 14 were school-going students. Hanging was the most common suicide method accounting in 51.4% of cases. The most common suicide causalities were related to mental sufferings such as depression, loneliness, psychological distress, etc., whereas either online schooling or overwhelming academic distress was placed as the second most risk factors followed by TikTok addiction-related psychological distress, and tested with COVID-19. Conclusion: The finding of the temporal distribution of suicides concerning lockdowns may help in exploring and evolving public measures to prevent/decrease pandemic-related suicides in young people.