bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHANGES IN THE STRUCTURAL AND PHASE COMPOSITION OF CEMENT CONCRETE DURING MICROBIOLOGICAL CORROSION
Authors: Strokin K. , Novikov D. , Konovalova V. , Kasiyanenko N.
Published: November 2021

The article considers the change in the structural and phase composition of cement stone made of Portland cement of the CEM I 42.5 N brand in the process of bacterial and fungal corrosion during 6 months when humidified. The X-ray images of cement stone show peaks that characterize the non-hydrated components of Portland cement alite, belite, tricalcium aluminate, four-calcium aluminoferrite and gypsum. By the method of X-ray phase analysis, it is found that during microbiological corrosion, the content of all phases of cement stone decreases. The aspergillus niger van Tieghem fungi have a stronger effect on the structural and phase composition of cement stone. Fungal microorganisms destroy the crystalline phases and absorb amorphous phases – calcium hydrosilicates C-S-H (I) and C-S-H (II) and tobermorite. When bacteria Bacillus subtilis affects the cement stone, the content of the calcite phase increases, which is a product of corrosion, while the action of black mold reduces the intensity of CaCO3 peaks. A decrease in the content of low-base calcium hydrosilicates and ettringite, as well as other crystalline phases, leads to a decrease in the compressive strength of the cement stone. During 6 months of microbiological corrosion of cement concrete under conditions of constant wetting, the compressive strength decreases by about 35 %.
STUDY OF THE DYNAMICS OF THE EXOSKELETON ACTUATING UNIT
Authors: Isabekov Z. , Moroz K. , Kerimzhanova M.
Published: November 2021

A person has more than 300 degrees of mobility, but it is practically impossible to recreate such a kinematic scheme. In this article, a kinematic scheme of the exoskeleton is proposed that is most necessary for human movement. A 3D model of the exoskeleton actuating unit with an electrohydraulic drive has been developed in the CAD system and the values of masses, coordinates of mass centers, inertia tensors of the links of the exoskeleton actuating unit have been calculated. A launch file has been developed in the MATLAB environment for modeling the dynamics of the exoskeleton actuating unit. The control laws in the degrees of mobility of the actuating unit of the exoskeleton are selected. As a result of the theoretical study, the ranges of changes in the generalized coordinates for the joints under study are determined. The dependences of the power and the moment in the joints 9, 10 on time are obtained. The conducted studies have shown that lifting the leg will require more energy and this makes it necessary to develop power plants, explore various types of drives and ways to control them energy-efficiently. The obtained data can serve in the development of a medical exoskeleton.
THEORETICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF THE USE OF BIOMETHANE IN GAS SUPPLY SYSTEMS
Authors: Suslov D.
Published: November 2021

The work is devoted to the urgent problem of using an alternative energy source of biomethane for gas supply to settlements. The effective use of biomethane in gas supply systems requires scientific substantiation, considering the entire range of technological parameters and operating conditions. The methods of graphs and parametric optimization are used to minimize the total reduced costs to the gas supply system to carry out the research. Based on the analysis of gas consumption by the municipal districts of the Belgorod region, a graphical dependence is built and an expression is obtained to determine the annual gas consumption by the population on the population size. The calculation of the mass of organic waste and the density of substrate formation is made, on the basis of which the potential for biomethane production in the municipal districts of the Belgorod region is determined. It has been established that the potential volume of biomethane in the Belgorod region is 633194 thousand m3 / year, or 11% of the total gas consumption. A diagram of the location of biomethane plants and gas pipelines for supplying biomethane to gas networks has been built. The optimal values of the technological parameters of the biomethane gas supply system have been established: the operating range of the biomethane plant depending on the substrate formation density, the length of the gas network for biomethane supply, depending on the gas consumption density.
HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE PRE-REVOLUTIONARY INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX OF RYABCHIKOV’S ESTATE IN IVANOVO
Authors: Savel'eva N.
Published: November 2021

The article presents a historical and architectural analysis of the pre-revolutionary Ryabchikov’s textile industrial estate complex in Ivanovo. The author researches the estate during the process of studying the prerevolutionary industrial estates of the city. The issue has not been investigated earlier and not mentioned previously in the local history and research literature. The Ryabchikov’s estate is one of the fourteen surviving complexes of pre-revolutionary industrial and residential architecture that are not included in the list of cultural heritage objects. For its inclusion and long-term preservation, full-scale, visual and photo fixation surveys, historical-archival, bibliographic, architectural and cultural analysis surveys are carried out. The obtained information reveals the historical boundaries and preserves estate buildings, their functional purpose and erecting dates are indicated. The relevance of the complex’s functional and planning structure to the researched archival documents are studied, the amount of preservation is determined. The ways of architectural-planning and spatial transformation of the estate in the late XIX- XX centuries are analyzed. The features of buildings’ architectural and stylistic composition are shown. Drawings and graphic reconstructions of buildings are provided. According to the summary of the identified and listed historical and architectural features, it is determined that the pre-revolutionary Ryabchikov’s industrial estate has the characteristics of a cultural heritage object and needs comprehensive preservation.
Salt Crust, Brine, and Marginal Groundwater of Great Salt Lake's North Arm (2019 To 2021)
Authors: Jagniecki Elliot , Rupke Andrew , Kirby Stefan , nkenbrandt Paul I
Published: November 2021

Following the construction of the railroad causeway in 1959, a perennial halite (NaCl) bottom crust has been known to exist in the north arm (Gunnison Bay) of Great Salt Lake, Utah, but the lake conditions controlling accumulation or dissolution of the crust are not well defined, including how depth-controlled chemodynamic and hydrodynamic factors influence the degree of the halite saturation. Immediately prior to the opening of a new bridge in the causeway in early December 2016 when north arm lake elevation was at a historical low (just above 4189 feet), the north arm lake brine was at halite saturation. After the opening, inflow of less saline south arm water mixed with north arm water, raised lake elevation, and diluted the north arm lake brine to undersaturation with respect to halite. The following five years have resulted in annual and seasonal fluctuations of halite saturation states. Beginning in mid-2019, the Utah Geological Survey began a study of the north arm to better understand and document the transitions of halite saturation state following the bridge opening using newly collected data as well as reviewing available past data.
ANALISIS INTEGRASI DAN KOORDINASI TERHADAP IMPLEMENTASI REFOCUSING ANGGARAN DALAM PENANGANAN COVID 19
Authors: Nurdiani Dini
Published: November 2021

ABSTRAKPermasalahan dalam penelitian ini, Pemerintah Provinsi Banten dihadapkan pada kondisi perekonomian daerah yang lesu akibat pandemi Covid-19 sehingga diperlukan skema pengaturan kebijakan anggaran daerah, mulai dari pengaturan pendapatan daerah, belanja daerah, hingga penetapan anggaran belanja daerah. Pengaturan pembiayaan daerah. Berdasarkan Surat Edaran Menteri Keuangan dan Menteri Dalam Negeri, Pemerintah Daerah berkewajiban membuat mekanisme penetapan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah melalui refocusing dan realokasi anggaran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana kebijakan penganggaran daerah dalam studi kasus pandemi Covid-19 pada Pemerintah Daerah Provinsi Banten. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan Purposive Sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kebijakan pengelolaan APBD pada masa pandemi Covid-19 di Pemerintah Provinsi Banten bahwa, Pemerintah Provinsi Banten telah menjalankan pengelolaan anggaran sesuai dengan arahan dan kebijakan yang telah ditetapkan oleh Pemerintah Provinsi Banten. pemerintah pusat melalui mekanisme refocusing dan realokasi anggaran pendapatan, belanja, dan pembiayaan daerah secara tepat. ABSTRACTThe problem in this research, the Provincial Government of Banten faced on the condition of the regional economy sluggish due to pandemic Covid-19 so it requires a scheme of setting budgetary policy of regions, ranging from setting regional revenue, regional expenditure, up to the setting of local financing. According to the Circular Letter of the Minister of Finance and Minister of internal Affairs, Local Government is obliged to make the mechanism of setting the Budget Revenue and Expenditure through refocusing and reallocation of the budget. The purpose of this study is to determine how the policy of local budgeting in the pandemic Covid-19 study case on Local Government of Banten Province. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative using Purposive Sampling. The results showed the policy of the management of the regional budget in the pandemic Covid-19 at the Provincial Government of Banten that, the Provincial Government of Banten has been running a budget management in accordance with the directives and policies that have been set by the central government through the mechanism of refocusing and reallocation of the budget revenue, expenditure, and financing the area appropriately.
ANALISIS LAPORAN AKUNTANBILITAS KINERJA INSTANSI PEMERINTAH PADA BADAN PENGELOLAAN PENDAPATAN DAERAH KABUPATEN CIANJUR
Authors: Hidayat Indra Muhammad Syarief , Nurseptiani Della , Faisal Faisal
Published: November 2021

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan dengan latar belakang banyaknya kejadian korupsi, kolusi dan nepotisme yang semakin merajalela di lingkungan instansi pemerintahan, sehingga banyak realisasi pekerjaan yang tidak mencapai target yang telah ditentukan pada periode tertentu. Hal ini juga mengakibatkan banyaknya pihak yang menyoroti terhadap akuntabilitas pemerintahan. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis Laporan Akuntabilitas Kinerja Instansi Pemerintah (LAKIP) yang disajikan apakah telah memenuhi fungsinya sebagai alat penatausahaan, pelaporan dan pertanggungjawaban serta sesuai dengan PERMENPAN & RB Nomor 53 Tahun 2014 Tentang Petunjuk Teknis Perjanjian Kinerja, Pelaporan Kinerja dan Tata Cara Reviu Atas Laporan Kinerja Instansi Pemerintah. Metoda yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dalam pemaparan dari setiap indikator yang didapat dari laporan Akuntabilitas Keuangan Instansi Pemerintah  Kabupaten Cianjur. Adapun data yang digunakan oleh penulis adalah data kualitatif yang diperoleh dari website Badan Pengelolaan Pendapatan Daerah Kabupaten Cianjur. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Laporan Akuntabilitas Kinerja Instansi Pemerintah yang disajikan oleh Badan Pengelolaan Pendapatan Daerah Kabupaten Cianjur bersifat informatif dan telah sesuai dengan yang diamanatkan oleh PERMENPAN & RB Nomor 53 Tahun 2014. ABSTRACTThis research was conducted against the background of the many incidents of corruption, collusion and nepotism that are increasingly rampant in government agencies, so that many work realizations do not reach the predetermined targets in a certain period. This has also resulted in many parties highlighting government accountability. The purpose of this research is to find out and analyze the Government Agency Performance Accountability Report (LAKIP) presented whether it has fulfilled its function as an administrative, reporting and accountability tool and is in accordance with PERMENPAN & RB Number 53 of 2014 concerning Technical Guidelines for Performance Agreements, Performance Reporting and Governance How to Review Government Agency Performance Reports. The method used in this study is a descriptive method in the exposure of each indicator obtained from the Financial Accountability Report of the Cianjur Regency Government Agencies. The data used by the author is qualitative data obtained from the website of the Regional Revenue Management Agency of Cianjur Regency. The results of this study indicate that the Performance Accountability Reportof Government Agencies presented by the Regional Revenue Management Agency of Cianjur Regency is informative and has been in accordance with the mandate of PERMENPAN & RB Number 53 of 2014.
ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH JAWA BARAT DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DALAM PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI
Authors: Abubakar Rahmi Widia Aliani
Published: November 2021

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebijakan pemerintah Jawa Barat dalam upaya pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah dimasa Pandemi Covid-19. Terdapat 9 skala prioritas kebijakan  diantaranya adalah (1) Akses pendidikan untuk semua; (2) Desentralisasi layanan kesehatan; (3) Pertumbuhan ekonomi umat berbasis inovasi; (4) Pengembangan destinasi dan infrastruktur pariwisata; (5) Pendidikan agama dan tempat ibadah juara; (6) Infrastruktur konektivitas wilayah; (7) Gerakan Membangun Desa (Gerbang Desa); (8) Subsidi gratis golongan ekonomi lemah; dan (9) Inovasi pelayanan publik dan penataan daerah.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode penelitiancase studies, dimana 9 kebijakan pemerintah dianalisis dengan melihat realisasi pelaksanaan kebijakan pemerintah dilapangan. Data diperoleh dari RKPD yang dipaparkan dalam acara BAPPEDA Jabar. Hasil penelitian yang dicapai melalui analisis kualitatif meliputi keselarasan kebijakan pemerintah dengan praktek dilapangan. AbstractThis study aims to analyze the policies of the West Java government in an effort to grow the regional economy during the Covid-19 pandemic. There are 9 policy priority scales including (1) Access to education for all; (2) Decentralization of health services; (3) The economic growth of the people based on innovation; (4) Development of tourism destinations and infrastructure; (5) Religious education and places of worship are champions; (6) Regional connectivity infrastructure; (7) Village Building Movement (Village Gate); (8) Free subsidies for weak economic groups; and (9) Public service innovation and regional arrangement. This research uses a qualitative approach with case studies research methods, where 9 government policies are analyzed by looking at the realization of the implementation of government policies in the field. The data was obtained from the RKPD which was presented at the West Java BAPPEDA event. The research results achieved through qualitative analysis include the alignment of government policies with practice in the field.
PRINSIP KEPASTIAN HUKUM TERHADAP PEMBATALAN AKTA PEJABAT PEMBUAT AKTA TANAH
Authors: Nurahmansyah Karuniawan
Published: November 2021

Pembatalan akta PPAT oleh Pengadilan, jika tidak ada cacat hukum atas akta PPAT tersebut maka tidak akan terjadi pembatalan akta tersebut, akan tetapi dalam menjalankan tugas dan kewajibannya sebagai PPAT tidak menutup kemungkinan produk hukum yang dibuatnya dapat dibatalkan. Sebagai fakta hukum yang terjadi pada Pengadilan Negeri Surakarta Putusan Nomor : 20/Pdt.G/2013/PN.Ska dan yang kedua Putusan Nomor 06 / PDT / 2014 / PTY, yang terjadi pembatalan oleh pengadilan dikarena produk hukum yang dibuat oleh PPAT terjadi perbuatan melanggar hukum, titik fokus terhadap penelitian ini adalah adanya perbuatan melawan hukum yang dilakukan oleh PPAT serta akta yang dibuat oleh PPAT dinyatakan batal demi hukum oleh Mahkamah Agung, pada hal tersebut dikarenakan cacat hukum didalam pembuatan akta otentik tersebut, maka terhadap pembatalan pada PPAT tersebut penulis akan melakukan penelahaan dan akan mencoba untuk memahami dan menguraikan lebih lanjut mengenai akta PPAT yang dibatalkan oleh Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia.
Jóvenes y política: una mirada desde la comunicación
Authors:   , Varela Andrea Mariana
Published: November 2021

Este trabajo de investigación aborda los discursos de los medios masivos y el modo en que desde allí se narra el estatuto de lo juvenil. En el mismo se analiza el lazo entre juventud, política y medios de comunicación desde un recorrido por el abordaje de los medios de comunicación y el periodismo de la Argentina de hoy y sus relatos sobre los jóvenes en la vida pública y política, en el contexto de discusión sobre la ampliación de derechos. Veremos entonces, cómo esos jóvenes responden y construyen sentido de esos relatos mediáticos.
Consumption Function in Islamic Economics
Authors: Mahdi Syed Iqbal
Published: November 2021

M. Fahim Khan, “Macro Consumption Function in an IslamicFramework,” Journal of Research in Islamic Economics (JRIE), Vol. 1,No. 2, Winter 1404/1984, pp. 1-24.Prof. M. Fahim Khan’s paper suffers from a number of deficiencieswhich may be grouped under the following categories:1. Inaccuracies in the description of positions relating to modernsecular economics.2. Questionable interpretation of Islamic positions.3. Technical and logical errors in model construction.I shall take up these points in turn.To begin with, Prof. Khan’s description of the premises of moderneconomic theory of consumer behavior and its subsequent critique isinaccurate. According to him, “Modern economic theory studiesconsumer behavior under the following premises: i) It is assumed that aconsumer will decide what to consume and how much to consume only togain the material benefits and satisfaction. ii) It is generally assumedthat all his consumption is geared to satisfy his own needs. He is notbothered to satisfy anyone else’s needs. iii) It is assumed that a consumerbehaves rationally. This among other things, means:(a) the consumer will neither be a miser nor an unnecesssry spendthrift.(b) he will not hoard his wealth.” (p. 2)Modern economic theory of consumer behavior do&e not assume any ofthe said premises given by Prof. Khan. What modern theory msumes isthat a consumer with given income allocates his spending on differentgoods and services in such a way that he maximizes his utility orsatisfaction. According to modern theory, it does not matter whether aconsumer is a miser, spendthrift or a hoarder. Also it does not matter ...
Some Factors which Promote and Restrict Islamization in America
Authors: Muhammud Akbar
Published: November 2021

Let me begin with a brief explicatory statement about the word‘Islamization.’ I use this term here in reference to a two-stage process.The first stage is conversion to Islam,’ and the second is thereinforcement, strengthening or deepening of Islam in the individual. Ofcourse, most Muslims in the world are born into a Muslim family, andthus they do not pass through the first stage, or so it would seem. Butmany of them do have social, intellectual and spiritual experienceswhich are the essence of the second stage of Islamization. An example ofthis would be the effects of the international phenomenon called “theresurgence of Islam”.In America, the situation is somewhat different. Recent immigrantsfrom Muslim societies-say during the last eighty years-and theiroffspring generally do not pass through the first stage per se. However,American Muslims, who are descendants of people who arrived herefrom Europe (European-Americans or “white Americans”) and Africa(African-Americans or “black Americans”) several centuries ago,passed through, in varying degrees, both stages. Now let us considersome factors which promote and restrict Islamization in America ...
The Unified World Order
Authors: Adewale Muteeu Bakare
Published: November 2021

In pursuit of a capitalist world configuration, the causal phenomenon of globalization spread its cultural values in the built international system, as evidenced by the dichotomy between the rich North and the poor South. This era of cultural globalization is predominantly characterized by social inequality, economic inequality and instability, political instability, social injustice, and environmental change. Consequently, the world is empirically infected by divergent global inequalities among nations and people, as evidenced by the numerous problems plaguing humanity. This article seeks to understand Islam from the viewpoint of technological determinism in attempt to offset these diverging global inequalities for its “sociopolitical economy”1existence, as well as the stabilization of the interconnected world. Based upon the unifying view of microIslamics, the meaning of Islam and its globalizing perspectives are deciphered on a built micro-religious platform. Finally, the world is rebuilt via the Open World Peace (OWP) paradigm, from which the fluidity of open globalization is derived as a future causal phenomenon for seamlessly bridging (or contracting) the gaps between the rich-rich, rich-poor, poor-rich and poor-poor nations and people based on common civilization fronts.
construção da paisagem e as expulsões em Nova Iorque sob a édige da mudança climática
Authors: Viegas Marina Vale
Published: November 2021

A proximidade com a água caracterizou o surgimento de grande parte dos assentamentos que viriam a se tornar cidades. Hoje, a paisagem nova-iorquina corre o risco de ser atingida - e destruída - em decorrência das mudanças climáticas. Desde a falta de água, o aumento dos níveis do mares e o advento de furacões, como é o caso do Sandy que se estendeu pela costa leste dos Estados Unidos, os desastres naturais tornaram-se cada vez mais frequentes. Esses se responsabilizam pelas expulsões nas microlocalidades da cidade e evidenciam a necessidade de novos processos de planejamento urbano que agregem espaço, práticas sociais e viabilidade tecnológica e orçamentária. Os aspectos dos participatory designs, como o The Big U, podem apresentar soluções.
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“Misterioso reino”
Authors: Santos Carolina Correia dos
Published: November 2021

O artigo parte da discussão sobre a literatura comparada na obra de Gayatri Spivak (2003), Death of a Discipline, para elaborar um modo de leitura de perto tipicamente feminista e pós-colonial, motivado por saberes parciais e localizados e uma ativa relação com o texto lido. Uma vez formulado e impelido ao encontro da teoria pós-colonial, este modo de leitura nos ajudará a recontar a história de Fitzcarraldo, filme de Werner Herzog, especialmente através da perspectiva dos índios que, resistentes ao contato com outros povos, surpreendentemente ajudam Fitzcarraldo a navegar e tornam-se indispensáveis na sua jornada. A junção dos conceitos transdisciplinares propostos pelo feminismo com a abordagem necessariamente política da teoria pós-colonial permite a este artigo criar e aprofundar-se no “reino misterioso” que Herzog menciona no diário escrito durante as filmagens.
Desenvolvimento da performance e ensino crossover de canto
Authors: Tormina Helen Bovo , Fernandes Ângelo José
Published: November 2021

A presente entrevista realizada com a atriz e cantora crossover, Bianca Tadini, revela aspectos acerca de seus métodos pessoais de estudo, aprendizado e ensino, utilizados com o propósito de cantar repertórios que exigem consideráveis diferenças de produção vocal, sem, entretanto, reminiscências entre um estilo e outro. As questões priorizam posturas tomadas frente às situações em que a demanda exigida pelo trabalho era de alternância entre os gêneros Ópera e Teatro Musical. A entrevistada relata quais, a seu ver, foram os elementos facilitadores de seu aprendizado e, ainda, quais costuma utilizar tanto em seu estudo e manutenção de técnica vocal quanto em sua abordagem pedagógica.
Droop-free amplified red emission from Eu ions in GaN
Authors: Takeo Atsushi , Ichikawa Shuhei , Maeda Shogo , Timmerman Dolf , Tatebayashi Jun , Fujiwara Yasufumi
Published: November 2021

Eu-doped GaN (GaN:Eu) are novel candidates for red light-emitting diodes (LEDs). To further improve the luminescent efficiency of the GaN:Eu-based LED, the efficiency-droop under strong excitation conditions should be suppressed. In this paper, we demonstrate droop-free luminescence of GaN:Eu emitted from a sample-edge using a stripe excitation configuration. The Eu emission intensity clearly increases compared to the conventional surface-emission, and the enhancement is more pronounced for stronger excitation conditions. We clarify that the wavelength dependence of the enhancement agrees well with the optical gain spectrum of the GaN:Eu and is attributed to amplified spontaneous emission.
An Adaptive Topology Optimization Strategy for GNSS Inter-satellite Network
Authors: HAN Kai , XU Bingbing , SHAO Fengwei , GONG Wenbin , REN Qianyi
Published: November 2021

Inter satellite link (ISL) is an effective way for
the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) to reduce its
dependence on ground infrastructure, which guarantees constellation orbit determination and satellite communication. When
the number of onboard Ka-band ISL antennas is less than
that of visible satellites, the inter-satellite link assignment of
GNSS causes a problem. For the problem of inter-satellite link
scheduling, considering that the result of the allocated link
has a feedback effect on the subsequent link assignment as a
priori knowledge, an adaptive topology optimization algorithm
based on signed variance (ABSV) is proposed. In order to meet
the requirements of communication and ranging performance,
the time slot is divided into a communication time slot and
a ranging time slot. Taking the waiting delay time of satellite
communication and PDOP as measurement indexes, the proposed
strategy is simulated for 10080 min. The results show that the
ranging performance of this strategy is better than other recently
published methods, which verifies the effectiveness of signed
variance for adaptive link planning and is also beneficial to the
survivability of constellation.
Managing Distributed Energy Resources with Intertemporal Characteristics in Low-voltage Power Grids: A Single-period OPF Approach
Authors: Zhan Sen , Morren Johan , Akker Wouter van den , Molen Anne van der , Paterakis Nikolaos , Slootweg Han
Published: November 2021

10 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables, 2 algorithms.
The Main Factors of Yemeni Conflict: An Analysis
Authors: Al-Tamimi Adeb Abdulelah Abdulwahid , Venkatesha Uddagatti
Published: November 2021

Yemen is an unsteady country with a long history of conflict and many complex issues that have led to the deterioration of the political, economic, and social situation. The conflict in its various stages began as an internal political struggle as a result of the people's grievances and the elite's competition for power and national wealth, in addition to other external factors. Hence, it is important to study the conflict factors in Yemen to understand the situation which in turn will help in providing solutions by decision-makers towards peace-making. Therefore, this study analyses the conflict factors in Yemen based on the political, economic, and social effects, in addition to the external interference effects. The research findings indicated that the conflict factors were not the only result of security or political issues but also presented by many socio-economic problems as well as external factors, which have affected of the country since its unification.
Efficiency of empagliflosin in combined nephroprotective therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Krutikov E. S. , Tsvetkov V. A. , Chistyakova S. I. , Akaev R. O.
Published: November 2021

INTRODUCTION. The data obtained in clinical studies of recent years of the possible inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 (SGLT2) nephroprotective effect in type 2 diabetes mellitus necessitate the further study of these drug's effect on kidney injury risk factors.

THE AIM: to study the effect of SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin as part of combination therapy on the main mechanisms of kidney damage in patients with type 2 diabetes.

PATIENTS AND METHODS. We have completed a clinical randomized study in parallel groups in patients with type 2 diabetes of nephroprotective effects of SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin during 2 years. The study included 244 patients with type 2 diabetes with a preserved glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and moderate arterial hypertension (AH), who had previously taken perindopril and indapamide, but did not reach target blood pressure (BP) values. Patients were randomized into 2 groups: Group I (n = 120) took Perindopril 10 mg per day, Indapamide retard 1.5 mg per day, β-blocker Carvedilol 12.5-25 mg 2 times a day; Group II (n = 124) was additionally prescribed empagliflozin 25 mg per day. The study endpoints were GFR changes, albuminuria, and renal blood flow as measured by Doppler imaging. Also studied the dynamics of blood pressure and glycemic control.

RESULTS. It was found that empagliflozin as part of complex therapy for type 2 diabetes is able to reduce albuminuria and prevent a decrease in GFR within a 2-year follow-up period. The use of empagliflozin promoted an increase in the rate of renal blood flow and a decrease in intrarenal vascular resistance and had a corrective effect on the daily dynamics of blood pressure and glycemic control.

CONCLUSION. Empagliflozin improves intrarenal and systemic hemodynamics, prevents a decrease in GFR, reduces albuminuria, and improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.
Features of the vaginal microbiota in recurrent urinary tract infections in childhood
Authors: Chebotareva Yu. Yu. , Letifov G. M. , Kostoeva Z. A. , Loginov E. I. , Tangieva M. Yu.
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND. Currently, there is a stable deterioration in the somatic health of preschool-age girls, which creates a real threat to the realization of reproductive function in the future. The state of vaginal microbiocenosis in preschool girls suffering from recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) remains a little-studied problem.

THE AIM: to assess the state of the vaginal biotope in preschool girls suffering from recurrent UTIs.

PATIENTS AND METHODS. 92 girls aged 3-6 years were examined, of which: group 1 (n=32) - patients with recurrent UTI; group 2 (n=30) - patients with rare UTI; group 3 (n=30) - girls of 1,2 health groups. Vaginal microbiocenosis was assessed by quantitative PCR using the «Femoflor-17 test system». Statistical analysis was performed using the application program "Statistica 6.0 for Windows".

RESULTS. Facultative anaerobes predominate in the vaginal microbiocenosis of patients with UTI, the absolute content of which is significantly higher in patients with the recurrent course (p <0.05). The relative number of facultative anaerobes is significantly higher in patients with rare UTIs (p<0.05). In patients with recurrent UTI, the absolute and relative content of obligate anaerobes is lower than in patients with rare UTI and girls from the control group. The index of total bacterial mass in patients with UTI, compared with girls of the control group, is significantly higher (p<0.05). In patients with UTI, an increase in the colonies of the Enterobacteriacea family and a decrease in obligate anaerobes were determined in comparison with similar indicators of girls in the control group.

CONCLUSION. The presence of recurrent UTI in preschool girls is a risk factor for the development of the severe vaginal dysbiotic condition. Rare UTIs can also be a risk of developing vaginal dysbiosis. Real-time multi-dimensional PCR provides quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the conditionally pathogenic flora of the vaginal biotope.
Combined urogenital abnormalities of development and the formation of reproductive health in girls
Authors: Chebotareva Yu. Yu. , Letifov G. M. , Rodina M. A.
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND.Anomalies in the development of the uterus and vagina in some cases are combined with defects of the urinary tract. Therefore, the analysis of clinical situations associated with combined urogenital pathology in girls is of current and practical importance.

THE AIM:to assess the state of reproductive health in girls with reproductive anomalies, renal agenesis, and other diseases of the urinary tract.

PATIENTS AND METHODS.The study was conducted in 5 adolescent girls, including 3 patients with kidney agenesis, 1 patient with dysmetabolic nephropathy and nephroptosis, and 1 patient with recurrent urinary tract infection. In the analysis of clinical cases, the anatomical and functional features of the reproductive system are presented.

RESULTS.The first 3 clinical cases are associated with the presence of kidney agenesis in the girl. In 1 clinical case, the clinic of the Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuester-Hauser syndrome (SMRKH) type II, including aplasia of the uterus and vagina and renal malformation, is presented. In clinical case 2, it was shown that modern transabdominal ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs, similar to MRI, can reveal the Herlin-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome. Agenesis of the kidney is one of the manifestations of trisomy of 22 pairs of chromosomes, which was noted in a patient from 3 clinical cases. 4 clinical cases is associated with the fact that kidney pathology, including nephroptosis, dysmetabolic nephropathy, can be combined with impaired sexual development. In 5 clinical case, type I SMRCC was described in a patient with recurrent urinary tract infection.

CONCLUSION.Congenital malformations of the female genital organs are a rare pathology that requires special attention. Due to insufficient data concerning the mechanism of development of malformations of the genitourinary system, this problem requires further detailed study.
Hybrid Micro-Energy Harvesting Model using WSN for Self-Sustainable Wireless Mobile Charging Application
Authors: Wang Haoxiang
Published: November 2021

The self-sustainable Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) face a major challenge in terms of energy efficiency as they have to operate without replacement of batteries. The benefits of renewable and green energy are taken into consideration for sensing and charging the battery in recent literatures using Energy Harvesting (EH) techniques. The sensors are provided with a reliable energy source through Wireless Charging (WC) techniques. Several challenges in WSN are addressed by combining these technologies. However, it is essential to consider the deployment cost in these systems. This paper presents a self-sustainable energy efficient WSN based model for Mobile Charger (MC) and Energy Harvesting Base Station (EHBS) while considering the cost of deployment. This system can also be used for low-cost microelectronic devices and low-cost Micro-Energy Harvesting (MEH) system-based applications. While considering the deployment cost, the network lifetime is maximized and an extensive comparison of simulation with various existing models is presented to emphasize the validity of the proposed model.
AUTOMATED RESISTANCE TESTER OF ELECTRONIC MEANS TO ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE
Authors: Ромащенко М.А. , Сеимова Д.С. , Иванов М.А.
Published: November 2021

Рассмотрены основные подходы проверки функциональности электронных средств при воздействии электростатического разряда, а также представлены основные этапы разработки автоматизированного тестера устойчивости электронных средств к электростатическому разряду. Электростатический разряд является одним из основных факторов, способствующих снижению надежности и производительности электронных устройств. Предложен подход к повышению качества разработки электронных изделий на основе автоматизированного устройства для тестирования электронных средств на устойчивость к электростатическим разрядам. Представлена концептуальная структура программно-аппаратного комплекса для оценки влияния электростатического разряда на электронные средства. В конструкции испытательного генератора предусмотрены защитные механизмы, предотвращающие создание непреднамеренных излучаемых или кондуктивных электромагнитных помех импульсного или непрерывного характера для исключения паразитных эффектов, способных оказать влияние на испытуемое или вспомогательное оборудование. Целью исследования, в рамках которого происходила разработка тестирующего устройства, является повышение надежности функционирования электронных средств и приборов при воздействии на них электростатических разрядов. Благодаря предлагаемому подходу становится возможным обеспечить эффективность тестирования конструкций электронных средств на устойчивость к электростатическому разряду на основе комплексных методов оптимального проектирования с учетом обеспечения требований международных стандартов

The article discusses the main approaches to checking the functionality of electronic devices when exposed to electrostatic discharge. Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is a major contributor to the reliability and performance of electronic devices. This paper proposes an approach to improving the quality of development of electronic products based on an automated device for testing electronic devices for resistance to electrostatic discharges. We present the conceptual structure of a software and hardware complex for assessing the effect of electrostatic discharge on electronic means. The test generator is designed with protective mechanisms to prevent the creation of unintentional radiated or conducted electromagnetic interference of a pulsed or continuous nature to eliminate parasitic effects that could affect the tested or auxiliary equipment. The purpose of the study, within the framework of which the development of the testing device took place, is to increase the reliability of the functioning of electronic devices and devices when exposed to electrostatic discharges. Thanks to the proposed approach, it becomes possible to ensure the effectiveness of testing the structures of electronic devices for resistance to electrostatic discharge on the basis of complex methods of optimal design, taking into account the requirements of international standards
ANALYTICAL DETERMINATION OF THE MICRORELIEF PARAMETERS FORMED AS A RESULT OF CENTERLESS GRINDING OF THE FULL SPHERE
Authors: Решетникова О.П. , Изнаиров Б.М. , Васин А.Н. , Белоусова Н.В. , Семочкин Г.А.
Published: November 2021

При технологической подготовке операций чистовой и отделочной обработки деталей абразивными инструментами очень важными задачами являются прогнозирование ее результатов в зависимости от назначенных режимов и назначение режимов в зависимости от требуемого качества обработанных поверхностей. Имеющиеся многочисленные справочные материалы такого характера получены в лабораторных условиях, носят дискретный характер, не учитывают специфическую топографию поверхностей абразивных инструментов и множества других условий и поэтому недостаточно достоверны. На их основе возможно планировать технологический процесс только предварительно, а затем неизбежно требуется уточнять его параметры экспериментальным путем, что приводит к значительному удорожанию процесса подготовки производства. Наличие достоверной аналитической методики позволяет кратно снизить эти затраты, и поэтому она настоятельно необходима не только и даже не столько при выполнении научных исследований, сколько в реальном производстве. В статье аналитически определены параметры микрорельефа, образующегося в результате бесцентрового шлифования полной сферы. Уточнено влияние процесса выхаживания на формирование шероховатости сферы. Приведена методика расчета среднеарифметического отклонения микропрофиля сферической поверхности

In the technological preparation of the operations of finishing processing of parts with abrasive tools, it is very important to predict its results depending on the assigned modes and the purpose of modes depending on the required quality of the processed surfaces. The available numerous reference materials of this nature were obtained in laboratory conditions, are discrete in nature, do not take into account the specific topography of the surfaces of abrasive tools and many other conditions, and therefore are not reliable enough. On their basis, it is possible to plan the technological process only in advance, and then inevitably it is necessary to refine its parameters experimentally, which leads to a significant increase in the cost of the production preparation process. The availability of a reliable analytical method allows you to multiply these costs, and therefore it is urgently needed not only and even not so much when performing scientific research, but in real production. In the article, we analytically determine the parameters of the microrelief formed as a result of centerless grinding of a full sphere. We determined the influence of the nursing process on the formation of the sphere roughness. We present a method for calculating the arithmetic mean deviation of the micro-profile of a spherical surface
ENGINEERING METHOD FOR CALCULATING THE TEMPERATURE ON THE INNER SURFACE OF THE OUTER CORNER OF A BUILDING
Authors: Umnyakova N. P.
Published: November 2021

Statement of the problem. The temperature on the inner surface of the outer corner is always lower than on the inner surface of the outer wall. This temperature difference might lead to the formation of condensation on the inner surface of the wall at low outdoor temperatures. Therefore the problem of developing an engineering method for calculating the temperature in the outer corner to exclude the possibility of condensation on the inner surface in the design process of the outer wall structures is extremely relevant. Results. To address this problem, based on solving the heat balance equation, taking into account the amplitude of air temperature fluctuations in the room and heat absorption of the inner surfaces of walls, intermediate bottoms (ceiling and floor surfaces), parting walls, a formula was obtained to calculate the temperature on the inner surface of the outer corner. Also, during the study, natural tests of the wall structure with an outer corner were carried out and the temperatures on the inner and outer surfaces were obtained.Conclusions. Comparison of the calculation results using the developed engineering calculation method and experimental data showed that the temperatures on the inner surface of the outer corner almost coincided. This makes it possible to use the suggested engineering method for calculating the temperature on the inner surface of the outer wall corner in the design of enclosing structures to exclude the appearance of condensation.
DEVELOPMENT OF A METHODOLOGYFOR DETERMINING THE BEST OPTION FOR THE ROUTE OF THE HEAT NETWORK AT THE INITIAL DESIGN STAGE
Authors: Chuikina A. A. , Panov M. Ya. , Kuznetsov S. N.
Published: November 2021

Statement of the problem. Choosing the best option for the route of the thermal network at the initial stage of design is a complex multifactorial task, in addition, due to the lack of a number of necessary design calculations, its solution is accompanied by a limited set of initial data. Thus, it becomes relevant to develop a new methodology for designing the optimal route of the heat supply system considering the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the discussed object.Results. A mathematical model of a generalized additive vector optimality criterion has been developed, taking into account the material consumption of the heat network, its reliability, construction time, annual thermal losses, heat turnover and temperature dispersion at the consumer. A method is proposed for determining the best option for the route of a thermal network at the initial design stage by jointly solving the optimization problem using vector optimization and matrix generalization methods. The expediency of the joint application of the methods of pairwise comparison and vector optimization in solving the problem under consideration is noted.Conclusions. An important characteristic of the developed mathematical model of the generalized criterion is the possibility of obtaining a more accurate solution to the optimization problem under consideration with an uneven distribution of the heat load by means of a biased estimate of the temperature variance among consumers. A combination of the methods of matrix generalization, pairwise comparison and vector optimization can improve the accuracy of the calculation while solving the optimization problem of choosing the best route of the thermal network.
Pengaruh Lama Presto dan Konsentrasi Natrium Bikarbonat (NaHCO3) terhadap Karakteristik Tepung Tulang Ikan Tenggiri (Scomberomorus commerson)
Authors: Fianty Eris , Oktavia Yulia , Suhandana Made
Published: November 2021

Most fish processing industries only use fish meat as raw material for industry. Whereas fish bones are contain high mineral content needed by the human body and can be utilized as high calcium fishbone meal. Fishbone meal in this reaseach was made from waste from the fishery industries in Tanjungpinang, Riau Islands. Mackerel fishbone meal was made in several steps consist of preparation of raw materials, boiling of fishbones, washing and cleaning of the bones, presto processing of fish bones with the addition of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), drying, siege and sieving. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of presto duration and concentration of NaHCO3. This research was conducted by the factorial randomized block design method (RAKF) with two factors: duration of presto (2 hours (P1) and 4 hours (P2)) and concentration of NaHCO3 (0% (N1), 1% (N2) and 2% (N3)). The results showed that the duration of presto treatment and the concentration of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) had a significant effect on the 5% level of yield but not significant on calsium content. The best results showed on 2 hours presto with addition NaHCO3 1%. The best treatment was used as a sample to measure the chemical characteristics of mackerel fish bone meal. Fish bone meal obtained 4.86% water content, 69.84% ash content, 3.72% protein content, 17.21% fat content, 12.56% phosphorus content, and 0.46% crude fiber. The chemical content of fishbone meal has been appropriate with Indonesian Nasional Standard.
Effect of differential nitrogen management practices on growth, yield and water use efficiency of rice under varying moisture regimes
Authors: N Barnali , Singh L. Nabachandra , Bhupenchandra Ingudam , Chongtham S.K. , Olivia L.C. , Devi E. Lamalakshmi , Sinyorita Soibam , Devi Soibam Helena , Chanu Reaya , Wangkheimayaum Merinda
Published: November 2021

Pot experiments were conducted during 2018and 2019 at the College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal, Manipur, India to investigate the effect of different nitrogen management practices on growth, yield and water use efficiency of rice variety “CAU R1” under varying moisture regimes. Keeping this rationale, three nitrogen management practices {60 kg N/ha (Urea), 40 kg N/ha (Urea) + 20 kg N/ha equivalent FYM, 30 kg N/ha (Urea) + 15 kg N/ha equivalent FYM + 15 kg N/ha equivalent Azolla and three levels of moisture regime {continuous flooding (5 cm depth), no standing water (wetting soil just after hairy cracks appear), 5 cm water depth at tillering, panicle initiation and flowering stage} were tested in a Factorial Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice. Overall, the results of investigational findings indicated that the integrated approach of nitrogen management viz. 50% RDN through Urea + 25% RDN through FYM + 25% through Azolla with maintenance of 5 cm water depth at tillering, panicle initiation and flowering stage markedly improved growth and yield attributes and subsequently yield and water use efficiency of rice as compared to conventional method of nitrogen supplementation through fertilizer. Multivariate principal component analysis and stepwise regression showed that number of tillers/hill is the most important yield attributing characters implicated in augmenting the rice yield significantly.