bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
B
asfia
Authors: Kuhnert Peter
Published: September 2019

Bas'fi.a. N.L. fem. n.
Basfia
first isolated at the chemical company BASF SE in Ludwigshafen, Germany.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Pasteurellales / Pasteurellaceae / Basfia

Basfia
is a monotypic genus in the family Pasteurellaceae. They are Gram‐negative, nonmotile cells. Do not require β‐NAD or haemin for growth. Oxidase positive. Negative reactions for catalase, urease, indole, α‐glucosidase. Positive for methyl red and negative for Voges Proskauer reaction. Acid is produced from
d
‐galactose,
d
‐mannitol,
d
‐mannose, sucrose,
d
‐trehalose, and
d
‐xylose. It currently comprises the species
Basfia succiniciproducens
(synonym “
Mannheimia succiniciproducens
”, not validly published) that is part of the microbiota of the bovine rumen and has industrial potential for the bio‐production of succinic acid.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 42.3–42.5.

Type species
:
Basfia succiniciproducens
Kuhnert, Scholten, Haefner, Mayor and Frey 2010, 48
VP
.
A
llofrancisella
Authors: Qu Ping‐Hua , Salam Nimaichand , Li Wen‐Jun
Published: September 2019

Al.lo.fran.ci.sel'la. Gr. adj.
allos
another, the other; N.L. fem. n.
Francisella
a bacterial generic name; N.L. fem. n.
Allofrancisella
the other
Francisella
referring to the fact that the genus is phylogenetically related to
Francisella
.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Thiotrichales / Francisellaceae / Allofrancisella

Aerobic, nonmotile, coccobacilli, Gram‐negative, and nonspore forming cells. Catalase positive. Growth enhances by supplementation of cysteine. The identified polar lipid profiles consist of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylcholine. The respiratory quinone is ubiquinone‐8. The fatty acids in the cell membranes predominantly contain C
18:0
3‐OH, C
10:0
, C
18:1
ω9
c
, and C
16:0
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 30–33 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Allofrancisella inopinata
Qu, Li, Salam, Chen, Liu, Gu, et al. 2016, 4837
VP
.
M
ethanonatronarchaeales
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Merkel Alexander Y.
Published: September 2019

Me.tha.no.na.tron.ar.chae.a'les N.L. neut. n.
Methanonatronarchaeum
the type genus of the order; ‐
ales
ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Methanonatronarchaeales
the
Methanonatronarchaeum
order.

Halobacteriota / Methanonatronarchaeia / Methanonatronarchaeales

Type genus
:
Methanonatronarchaeum
Sorokin, Merkel, Abbas, Makarova, Rijpstra, Koenen et al. 2018, 2205
VP
.
Heterotargeted Nanococktail with Traceless Linkers for Eradicating Cancer
Authors: Sui Binglin , Cheng Chen , Wang Mingming , Hopkins Elijah , Xu Peisheng
Published: September 2019

Clinical application of drug cocktails for cancer therapy is limited by their severe systemic toxicity. To solve a catch‐22 dilemma between safety and efficacy for drug cocktails, a heterotargeted nanococktail (PPPDMA) with traceless linkers is developed. In the PPPDMA nanogel, a heterotargeting strategy is employed to improve its tumor selective targeting efficacy by overcoming the cancer cell monoligand density limitation. Benefitting from its glutathione and reactive oxygen species responsiveness, the loaded paclitaxel and doxorubicin can be quickly and tracelessly released into the cytoplasm in their original form, which bestows upon PPPDMA nanogels the capability to overwhelm the processing capacity of the cancer cell's P‐glycoprotein efflux pump, and ultimately kill them without inducing side effects. The PPPDMA treatment reduced its tumor burden over 99% (in tumor weight) and 96% (in tumor number). Most importantly, no detectable tumor in more than half of the PPPDMA treated mice was observed. It is concluded that traceless linker and heterotargeted nanococktail strategy can be a safe and effective approach for cancer treatment.
Oxide‐Mediated Formation of Chemically Stable Tungsten–Liquid Metal Mixtures for Enhanced Thermal Interfaces
Authors: Kong Wilson , Wang Zhongyong , Wang Meng , Manning Kenneth C. , Uppal Aastha , Green Matthew D. , Wang Robert Y. , Rykaczewski Konrad
Published: September 2019

Modern microelectronics and emerging technologies such as wearable devices and soft robotics require conformable and thermally conductive thermal interface materials to improve their performance and longevity. Gallium‐based liquid metals (LMs) are promising candidates for these applications yet are limited by their moderate thermal conductivity, difficulty in surface‐spreading, and pump‐out issues. Incorporation of metallic particles into the LM can address these problems, but observed alloying processes shift the LM melting point and lead to undesirable formation of additional surface roughness. Here, these problems are addressed by introducing a mixture of tungsten microparticles dispersed within a LM matrix (LM‐W) that exhibits two‐ to threefold enhanced thermal conductivity (62 ± 2.28 W m−1 K−1 for gallium and 57 ± 2.08 W m−1 K−1 for EGaInSn at a 40% filler volume mixing ratio) and liquid‐to‐paste transition for better surface application. It is shown that the formation of a nanometer‐scale LM oxide in oxygen‐rich environments allows highly nonwetting tungsten particles to mix into LMs. Using in situ imaging and particle dipping experimentation within a focused ion beam and scanning electron microscopy system, the oxide‐assisted mechanism behind this wetting process is revealed. Furthermore, since tungsten does not undergo room‐temperature alloying with gallium, it is shown that LM‐W remains a chemically stable mixture.
Extending the Photovoltaic Response of Perovskite Solar Cells into the Near‐Infrared with a Narrow‐Bandgap Organic Semiconductor
Authors: Zhao Xiaoming , Yao Chao , Liu Tianran , Hamill J. Clay , Ngongang Ndjawa Guy Olivier , Cheng Guangming , Yao Nan , Meng Hong , Loo Yueh‐Lin
Published: September 2019

Typical lead‐based perovskites solar cells show an onset of photogeneration around 800 nm, leaving plenty of spectral loss in the near‐infrared (NIR). Extending light absorption beyond 800 nm into the NIR should increase photocurrent generation and further improve photovoltaic efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, a simple and facile approach is reported to incorporate a NIR‐chromophore that is also a Lewis‐base into perovskite absorbers to broaden their photoresponse and increase their photovoltaic efficiency. Compared with pristine PSCs without such an organic chromophore, these solar cells generate photocurrent in the NIR beyond the band edge of the perovskite active layer alone. Given the Lewis‐basic nature of the organic semiconductor, its addition to the photoactive layer also effectively passivates perovskite defects. These films thus exhibit significantly reduced trap densities, enhanced hole and electron mobilities, and suppressed illumination‐induced ion migration. As a consequence, perovskite solar cells with organic chromophore exhibit an enhanced efficiency of 21.6%, and substantively improved operational stability under continuous one‐sun illumination. The results demonstrate the potential generalizability of directly incorporating a multifunctional organic semiconductor that both extends light absorption and passivates surface traps in perovskite active layers to yield highly efficient and stable NIR‐harvesting PSCs.
Oxygen Vacancy–Enhanced Electrocatalytic Performances of TiO2 Nanosheets toward N2 Reduction Reaction
Authors: Fang Caihong , Bi Ting , Xu Xiaoxiao , Yu Nan , Cui Zhiqing , Jiang Ruibin , Geng Baoyou
Published: September 2019

Electrocatalysts play vital roles in the enhancement of the catalytic performances of the reduction reaction from N2 to NH3 at ambient conditions. This study reports oxygen vacancy–contained TiO2 nanosheets, which are explored as efficient electrocatalysts toward the N2 reduction reaction (NRR). Oxygen vacancies are introduced and tuned by annealing the as‐prepared TiO2 nanostructures under H2/Ar atmosphere at different temperatures. The synergistic effect between the structural features and the morphological characteristics is the main reason for their high catalytic activities. Density functional theory calculations verify that the oxygen vacancies can greatly lower the energy barrier to activate the inert NN bonds for N2 fixation. The 2D TiO2 nanosheets provide abundant active sites on their surface. The highest generation rate of NH3 is 2.83 times that of the as‐prepared TiO2 nanostructures. The faradic efficiency is also increased. Furthermore, the oxygen vacancy–contained TiO2 electrocatalysts also show a high selectivity and high stability during cycling measurements. These findings provide not only an efficient electrocatalyst but also a new methodology to rational design of catalysts toward NRR under ambient conditions.
Double Hydroboration of Quinolines via Borane Catalysis: Diastereoselective One Pot Synthesis of 3‐Hydroxytetrahydroquinolines
Authors: Kim Eunae , Jeon Hyun Ji , Park Sehoon , Chang Sukbok
Published: September 2019

Described herein is an organoborane‐catalysed consecutive borylative reduction of quinolines and isoquinolines to furnish tetrahydro(iso)quinolines bearing a C(sp3)−B bond β to the nitrogen atom. The installed C−B bond is oxidatively transformed to the hydroxy group in one pot. The present double hydroboration is proposed to proceed via a stepwise ionic mechanism involving a boronium ion. The stereo‐outcome was found to be dependent on the position (C2 vs C4) of the substituents in quinolines.

magnified image
Fiber‐Spinning‐Chemistry Method toward In Situ Generation of Highly Stable Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Lu Xuan , Hu Yang , Guo Jiazhuang , Wang Cai‐Feng , Chen Su
Published: September 2019

All‐inorganic halide perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) have drawn increasing attention owing to their splendid optical properties. However, such nanomaterials suffer from intrinsic instability, greatly limiting their practical application. Meanwhile, environmental regulation has restricted the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), initiating a search for alternative approaches to PNC synthesis and film forming. Herein, fiber‐spinning chemistry (FSC) is proposed for easy‐to‐perform synthesis of highly stable PNC fibrous films. The FSC process utilizes spinning fibers as reactors, reducing the generation of VOCs. This method enables the fabrication of CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) PNCs/poly(methyl methacrylate)/thermoplastic polyurethanes fibrous films at room temperature in one step, exhibiting tunable emission between 450 and 660 nm. Significantly, the in situ generation of PNCs in hydrophobic core–shell nanofibers results in highly improved fluorescence stability. PNCs/polymer fibrous films keep constant in photoluminescence (PL) after storage at atmosphere for 90 d and retain 82% PL after water immersion for 120 h (vs fluorescence quenching in 10 d in air or 5 h in water for pristine PNCs). The PNCs/polymer fibrous films endowed with superior optical stability and great flexibility show promising potentials in flexible optoelectronic applications. This work paves a facile way toward high‐performance nanoparticles/polymer fibrous films.
Design standardization of unit operations for reducing the capital intensity and cost of small‐scale chemical processes
Authors: Arora Akhil , Li Jianping , Zantye Manali S. , Hasan M. M. Faruque
Published: September 2019

A methodology is proposed to reduce the cost and capital intensity of small‐scale chemical processes by creating new opportunities for economies of numbers through standardizing the equipment designs across multiple processes. We depart from asynchronous design of single‐processes and adopt a common‐functionality based simultaneous design of multiple processes that use similar unit operations. A generalized cost function is used to appropriately balance the trade‐offs between economies of scale and economies of numbers. An optimization‐based framework for design standardization is developed and illustrated using two case studies. The first involves the simultaneous synthesis of methanol and ammonia processes, and the second addresses the optimal synthesis of multi‐column natural gas liquid (NGL) fractionation processes for different natural gas sources. We observe that considerable reduction in capital intensity of small‐scale processes is possible through equipment standardization.
Self‐Assembly of Metal–Organic Frameworks into Monolithic Materials with Highly Controlled Trimodal Pore Structures
Authors: Hara Yosuke , Kanamori Kazuyoshi , Nakanishi Kazuki
Published: September 2019

We present a two‐step template‐free approach toward monolithic materials with controlled trimodal porous structures with macro‐, meso‐, and micropores. Our method relies on two ordering processes in discrete length scales: 1) Spontaneous formation of macroporous structures in monolithic materials by the sol–gel process through the short‐range ordered self‐assembly of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), and 2) reorganization of the framework structures in a mediator solution. The Zr‐terephthalate‐based MOF (UiO‐66‐NH2) was adopted as a proof of concept. The self‐assembly‐induced phase separation process offered interconnected macropores with diameters ranging from 0.9 to 1.8 μm. The subsequent reorganization process converted the microporous structure from low crystalline framework to crystalline UiO‐66. The resultant mesopore size within the skeletons was controlled in the range from 9 to 21 nm. This approach provides a novel way of designing spaces from nano‐ to micrometer scale in network‐forming materials.
Pío del Río‐Hortega: The Revolution of Glia
Authors: del Río‐Hortega Bereciartu Juan
Published: September 2019

Pío del Río‐Hortega (Portillo, 1882–Buenos Aires 1945) was a Spanish pioneer scientist. Here, we highlight his professional merits and scientific qualities, facets that permitted him to open the eyes of the scientific community to the existence of microglia and oligodendroglia. Indeed, after Cajal formulated the “neuron doctrine” (1888), Río‐Hortega was perhaps whose contributions represent the most important advances in our understanding of the microscopic anatomy of the nervous system. Río‐Hortega achieved his discoveries thanks to a histological staining method developed by himself, the ammoniacal silver carbonate staining, absolutely fundamental for his histological studies. His early education in Histology was due to Professor Leopoldo López‐García, at the Faculty of Medicine of Valladolid. Later in Madrid (1912), Santiago Ramón y Cajal and Nicolás Achúcarro became his definitive tutors. Achúcarro was an exceptional neurohistopathologist and authentic mentor for Río‐Hortega until his death in 1918. The scientific career of Río‐Hortega oscillated between the international recognition of his scientific discoveries (nominated for the Nobel Prize in 1928 and 1937), and the personal/social misfortunes he suffered in Spain, such as his expulsion from Cajal's Laboratory in 1920, the hostile envy of some conservative Spanish academics for his scientific merit (1934), and his sad political exile (Paris, Oxford, and Buenos Aires) due to the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939). Perhaps, Pío del Río‐Hortega is the paradigm of a Spanish scientist of the beginning of XXth century, living between the heaven and the hell, he revolutionized the scientific concept of glia. Anat Rec, 303:1232–1241, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
The in vivo detection and measurement of the unfolded protein response in recombinant cellulase producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains
Authors: Cedras Gillian , Kroukamp Heinrich , Van Zyl Willem Heber , Den Haan Riaan
Published: September 2019

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae possesses industrially desirable traits for ethanol production and has been engineered for consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) of lignocellulosic biomass through heterologous cellulase expression. However, S. cerevisiae produces low titers of cellulases and one suspected reason for this is that heterologous proteins induce the unfolded protein response (UPR). Current methods of measuring the UPR are RNA based and can be inconsistent and cumbersome. We developed vector‐based biosensors that will detect and quantify UPR activation. The vector consisted of either the Trichoderma reesei xylanase 2 or codon optimized green fluorescent protein (eGFP) reporter genes under the control of the S. cerevisiae PHAC1 or PKAR2 promoters. The eGFP reporter under control of PKAR2 was identified as the preferred combination due to its superior dynamic range and its greater sensitivity when measuring UPR induction in cellulase producing strains. To our knowledge, we show for the first time that significant UPR activation differences could consistently be observed for different cellulase candidate genes unlike previous RNA‐based tests, which were unable to detect these differences. The ability to quantify UPR induction will assist in identifying candidate cellulase genes that do not greatly induce the UPR, making them favorable for use in CBP yeasts.
Children's physiological reactivity in emotion contexts and prosocial behavior
Authors: Coulombe Brianne R. , Rudd Kristen L. , Yates Tuppett M.
Published: September 2019

Introduction

Building on prior evidence that prosocial behavior is related to the regulation of personal distress in difficult situations, and given that physiological regulation is a central contributor to effective emotion regulation, this investigation evaluated whether and how children's autonomic nervous system (ANS) reactivity during emotion challenges influenced later expressions of prosocial behavior.

Methods

The current study utilized a diverse sample of school‐aged children (N = 169; 47.9% female; 47.3% Latinx) to evaluate relations between children's parasympathetic (i.e., respiratory sinus arrhythmia; RSA) and sympathetic (i.e., pre‐ejection period; PEP) reactivity in response to each of three film‐elicited emotion challenges (i.e., sadness, happiness, and fear) at age 7 and both observed and parent‐reported prosocial behavior one year later.

Results

Children's parasympathetic reactivity to a film eliciting sadness evidenced a nonlinear relation with later prosocial sharing such that children who evidenced either RSA withdrawal or augmentation in response to the sad emotion challenge engaged in higher levels of prosocial behavior than children who evidenced relatively low or absent reactivity. Parasympathetic reactivity to films eliciting happiness or fear was not significantly related to later prosocial behavior. Likewise, children's sympathetic reactivity in response to the emotion challenges did not significantly predict later prosocial behavior.

Conclusions

These findings provide preliminary support for a nonlinear association between children's parasympathetic emotion reactivity and later prosocial behavior, and suggest that children's ANS regulation in sad emotion contexts may be particularly important for understanding prosocial development.
Heterogeneous nonataxic phenotypes of spinocerebellar ataxia in a Taiwanese population
Authors: Chen Szu‐Ju , Lee Ni‐Chung , Chien Yin‐Hsiu , Hwu Wuh‐Liang , Lin Chin‐Hsien
Published: September 2019

Background

Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) presents with variable clinical presentations in addition to ataxia. The aim of this study was to reappraise the diverse nonataxic clinical characteristics of the five most common SCA subtypes in the Asian population.

Methods

The clinical presentations of 90 patients with genetically confirmed SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, SCA6, or SCA17 were assessed retrospectively between November 2008 and September 2018 at a tertiary referral center in Taiwan.

Results

Parkinsonism was the most common nonataxic phenotype (21.1%), with a greater prevalence than Caucasian and other Asian SCA carriers. Patients with parkinsonism feature had fewer CAG repeats in SCA2 (31.0 ± 4.5 vs. 36.9 ± 6.0, p = .03) and SCA3 (65.6 ± 7.9 vs. 70.0 ± 4.2, p = .02) compared to those with pure ataxia presentation. The average age of symptom onset was significantly higher in the parkinsonism group of SCA2 (51.5 ± 8.9 vs. 35.3 ± 12.6 years, p = .007) than those with pure ataxia. Focal or segmental dystonia was identified in 4.4% of SCA patients (n = 2 each SCA2 and SCA3). Nonmotor symptoms, including impaired cognition (6.1% of SCA2 and 8.3% of SCA3 patients) and depression (9.1% of SCA2 and 8.3% of SCA3 patients), were also common nonataxic features in our SCA patients.

Conclusions

Parkinsonism, dystonia, and cognitive‐psychiatric symptoms are common features in patients with SCA mutations in our population. Our study identifies a different clinical spectrum of SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, SCA6, and SCA17 compared to Caucasians.
Treatment of Recession Defects With Mucosal Access and Use of Soft Tissue Allograft: A Case Report of a Simplified Protocol
Authors: Clagett Ryan , Ogdon Dorothy , Kim Miyoung , Geisinger Maria L.
Published: September 2019

Introduction

Esthetic and functional root coverage procedures using a variety of techniques and materials allow for predictable outcomes in Miller Class I and II defects, but may be accompanied by high levels of postoperative discomfort and lengthy intrasurgical time. Current techniques may also require a steep practitioner learning curve, cumbersome intrasurgical steps, and their use in challenging clinical situations, e.g. multiple adjacent recession defects, limited vestibular depth, and anatomical limitations can prove difficult. This report introduces the side access mucosal releasing incision (SAMRI) technique as an innovative and simplified method to perform mucosal‐access root coverage procedures.

Case Presentation

A 42‐year‐old female presents with 3 to 4 mm of gingival recession at #9‐11 and opts for treatment with a vestibular approach and acellular dermal matrix graft to avoid a secondary surgical site.

Conclusion

SAMRI procedure allows for optimal root coverage and esthetic results while limiting intrasurgical time and postoperative patient morbidity.
Use of Collagen Matrix Scaffolds as a Substitute for Soft Tissue Augmentation: Case Series
Authors: Ghadri Najib , Livada Rania , Abhyankar Vrushali , Binkley Les H. , Bland Paul S. , Shiloah Jacob
Published: September 2019

Introduction

The presence of keratinized mucosa (KM) around natural teeth is believed to be beneficial in certain restorative, prosthetic, and orthodontic situations. Lack of adequate KM is common and predictably treated by autogenous gingival grafts (AGGs); however, AGGs have the disadvantages of harvest site morbidity, limited donor site availability, and compromised esthetics.

Case Presentation

This case series presents the use of the xenogeneic porcine bilayer collagen matrix (BCM) in increasing the width of attached KM around natural teeth. Patients with a limited amount of KM, shallow vestibule, and aberrant frenum attachment were treated using this graft material. The patients were followed up to 4.5 years postoperatively and were evaluated regarding the amount of KM, gingival margin stability, and tissue esthetics.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of the sample size of patients in this report, the BCM appears to be a viable alternative option to AGG for increasing the width of KM gingiva around teeth. This method resulted in gain of KM, gingival margin stability, vestibular deepening, aberrant frenum elimination, and favorable esthetics in terms of color matching, texture, and contour blending. This xenogeneic graft material could be used in cases where the autogenous graft supply is limited or in highly esthetically demanding cases. Additionally, it could be an alternative option when a second surgical site is not desired by the patient or a less invasive procedure is preferred by the clinician in certain medical conditions. Well‐controlled long‐term studies are required to validate our limited clinical observations.
What does marijuana legalization mean for campus police departments?
Authors: Rahn Josh
Published: September 2019

As of this writing, 10 states plus the District of Columbia have fully legalized marijuana for recreational use. However, the drug remains illegal at the federal level. This puts public and most private universities within these states in an unusual position. To continue receiving federal funding, these institutions are required to have policies in place that conform to the Drug‐Free Workplace Act. Administrators and campus safety personnel must balance state and federal interests while maintaining a campus environment that supports student well‐being.
Enhance community engagement with effective social media
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: September 2019

FAIRFAX, VA. — Students aren't likely to read email. And they won't read a pamphlet, said Lt. Danny Weigel, Public Information Officer for the University of North Dakota Police Department. He explained how effective social media communications can help your department at a session at the College and University Police and Investigators Conference.
Report says California ‘red flag’ law has likely prevented mass shootings
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: September 2019

California's Gun Violence Restraining Order law (also known as a “red flag” law), which aims to reduce gun violence by allowing family members or law enforcement officers to request a court order prohibiting a person of suspicion from having a gun, ammunition, or magazines, has helped prevent mass shootings in the state. That finding comes from research conducted by researchers at the University of California, Davis School of Medicine.
Aerobic Tetrazine‐Catalyzed Oxidative Nitroso‐Diels‐Alder Reaction of N‐Arylhydroxylamines with Dienecarbamates: Access to Functionalized 1,6‐Dihydro‐1,2‐oxazines
Authors: Le Tuan , Courant Thibaut , Merad Jérémy , Allain Clémence , Audebert Pierre , Masson Géraldine
Published: September 2019

A new organocatalytic and environmentally friendly aerobic oxidative‐catalyzed nitroso‐Diels‐Alder (NDA) reaction of N‐arylhydroxylamines with dienecarbamates has been developed. 3,6‐Bis(2,2,2‐trifluoroethoxy)‐s‐tetrazine was found to be an effective catalyst to selectively oxidize various N‐arylhydroxylamines in the presence of molecular oxygen, but in the absence of photostimulation, as a terminal oxidant. In addition, active catalytic species can be generated in situ from commercially available 3,6‐dichlorotetrazine.
Stovner Tower – accessible pedestrian walkway
Authors: Mo Gaute , Opgård Birger , Cámara Altea
Published: September 2019

The Stovner Tower forms part of an activity park in the Stovner district of Oslo. The tower, providing a serpentine walkway through the tree tops with a maximum height of 15m, is designed to be universally accessible. The route is based on a series of straight lengths connected with abrupt changes of direction based on a turning radius of 4m or 7.5m. The 2m wide walkway has an overall length of 270m with a constant 1:15 slope. There are four intermediate horizontal platforms intended as relaxation and viewing areas. Each platform is of variable size with minimum and maximum dimensions of 5.1m and 7.1m respectively. The principal deck structure is steel, formed from a central tube with a diameter of 750mm. The tube is made up of a series of 2m long segments which are faceted as the walkway changes direction. Steel cantilever ribs are located at 1.5m centres to support both the solid timber decking and the 1.3m high guardrail. The central steel tube is supported at multiple locations by tripod columns formed from three glulam timber sections. The GL32c glulam columns vary in size from 200×200mm to 350×350mm depending on their height. The timber columns are anchored directly to the bedrock located close to the surface in this area. Steel walkway sections were shop welded in transportable lengths with bolted connections for on site. Timber to steel connections are also bolted. Steel is painted for corrosion protection. All timber, both solid C24 for decking and glulam columns, is treated for external use. A 3D SAP2000 FE model was used for verifications including a buckling analysis for the slender timber columns and a modal analysis to check for frequencies that would make the structure susceptible to pedestrian‐induced vibrations.
Boomerang and Jungle pedestrian bridges in Oslo
Authors: Mo Gaute , Rando Mario , Overton Kathleen
Published: September 2019

The Boomerang and Jungle pedestrian bridges form part of a new pedestrian and cycle path, passing through an urban forest and over the Outer Ring Road to the east of Oslo. The main goal for the design team was to integrate the bridges' architecture within the natural environment and to cause the minimum impact during the construction period. The 85m long Boomerang Bridge crosses the ring road with a 22.5m span. In total the bridge comprises of four spans, with a continuous steel box girder of asymmetric cross‐section. The three intermediate supports are slender, circular steel hollow sections to have minimal architectural impact on the surrounding forest. The bridge is fabricated from Cor‐ten weathering steel to avoid the need for painting and to minimise future maintenance. The bridge railings are vertical Cor‐ten steel plates topped with a stainless‐steel handrail. A notable feature of the erection process was that the traffic on the road below the bridge was maintained throughout. The Jungle Bridge is a simple suspension bridge spanning 36m over a small river. The main structural elements are parabolic, locked coil cables, four at deck level and two at handrail level. The 2m wide deck is formed from slip‐resistant perforated steel panels, supported off a laterally stiff steel framing system, based on a 1.5m modulation of crossbeams and handrail posts. The design intent was to maximize the use of prefabricated lightweight elements to facilitate the bridge erection and minimize the impact on the natural environment. Elements are hot‐dip galvanised for corrosion protection. Due to the lightness of the bridge a detailed analysis of the accelerations due to pedestrian‐induced vibrations was performed to assess the comfort level for bridge users. The project won in 2017 the Norwegian Steel Construction Award and is nominated for the World Architecture News’ Best Bridge Award 2017.
Väster pedestrian and cycle bridge
Authors: Mo Gaute , Ibáñez Fernando , Werme Göran , Hermansson Henrik , Eriksson Johan
Published: September 2019

This pedestrian and cycle bridge spans the river in Eskilsuna connecting the historic industrial area of Munktellstaden with the town centre, forming part of a rehabilitation of the area. The bridge was completed in 2016 on behalf of the Eskilstuna municipality. The final design was chosen from three alternatives presented by the design team to the municipality; the Landmark, the Industrial and the Transparent. All three options proposed were of steel, and all designs had to provide a 4.5m free deck width, maintain an unobstructed navigation channel of 5m wide by 3.35m high and a maximum slope of 5%. The Landmark proposal was an asymmetric cable stayed bridge with a 27m high, A‐shaped, inclined steel pylon located on one bank with two planes of cables towards the steel deck and one plane of cables towards the back anchorage. The Industrial proposal was a variable height optimized truss. The two lateral trusses, also forming the guardrail, were inclined outwards to provide a sensation of openness to the bridge user. The design finally chosen by the client was the Transparent. This bridge, unlike the other two, has two supports within the river that allows for a very slender deck. There is a central, low arch spanning 32m and an overall length of 65m. The arches are formed from two inclined box sections which are slightly curved on plan towards the supports. The railing is made up of a series of thin, steel plates connected via a stainless‐steel handrail. The overall effect of transparency thus allows for a largely unobstructed view along the river. Due to the slender deck section a detailed dynamic analysis was carried out to check for possible pedestrian‐induced vibrations.
Analysis and Load Rating of Corrugated Steel Arch Culverts
Authors: Xu Chao , Peiris Abheetha , Harik Issam
Published: September 2019

Culverts are typically used as short span bridge substitutes for spans less 50 ft (15 m). The corrugated metal arch culvert (CMAC) is one of the most popular types, which is frequently installed under highways, airport pavements and railroad tracks. For the purpose of validating the service conditions of CMAC, a load rating method is developed in this study based on AASHTO Manual for Bridge Evaluation. The rating factors (RFs) for culverts are derived to verify the capacity of the culverts to carry current standard truck loads. In order to carry out the load rating, a finite element model of the CMAC is developed for analysing the axial thrust of the culvert wall when subjected to static and dynamic moving truck loads. A method to calculate the CMAC wall thrust capacity is derived by summarizing existing capacity calculation approaches for arch culvert and corrugated metal plates.
Successful Moveable Bridges: A description of 5 Successful Moveable Danish Bridges
Authors: Thomsen Kjeld , Petersen Christian Riis
Published: September 2019

The present paper describes developments in the design of the most common types of movable bridges – Bascule bridges and Swing Bridges. The selection of design concepts is influenced by span, foundation conditions as well as environmental issues. Application of modern hydraulic systems and innovative bearing types for swing bridges facilitate the creation of outstanding designs. Recently built movable bridges in Denmark exemplifies the trend and how application of modern technology and creativity can lead to outstanding solutions. There are many governing parameters such as the main dimension and loading conditions. Equally important issues such as surroundings, landscape, foundation conditions, requirement to low weight, achievable tolerances and from a mechanical point of view, the operation time, risk assessment, mechanical‐ and electrical systems and the requirement to operation time and maintenance cost, will have influence on the machinery and the architectural and structural design. For each of the moveable bridges described, it is shown how innovative application of modern bearing concepts and hydraulic systems can lead to elegant and cost‐effective solutions.
Hjulstabron (Hjulsta bridge), Sweden
Authors: Top Reinald , ten Wolde Leo , Visser Wouter
Published: September 2019

In Sweden, the existing Hjulsta bridge that connects Norrköping to Uppsala via the Highway 55 needs to be replaced by a new bridgeas shown in Fig. 1. ZJA Zwarts & Jansma Architects, together with Bosch Slabbers Landscape + Urban Design (landscape architects) and Iv‐Consult (engineering consultancy) formed a Dutch design and engineering team that collaborated with NRC Infrapro and the Swedish Transport Administration to formulate the specifics of the bridge. The subsequent concept design brought all requirements together, resulting in a beautiful slender steel bridge both with regards to the fixed deck as well as the moveable part.
Maintenance free corrosion protection for composite bridges with hot‐rolled sections
Authors: Rademacher Dennis
Published: September 2019

Increasing problems in terms of damages on bridges correlated with partly massive long‐term impacts on road traffic have shown how essential it is to ensure the durability of the infrastructure and thus the mobility of people as well as the exchange of goods. Corrosion damages can be sustainably avoided in future by alternative protection systems for steel and composite bridges. Both the hot‐dip galvanizing with a layer thickness of at least 200 μm as well as weathering steel offer crucial advantages over traditionally used coating systems considering the whole life cycle of the bridge: they require no maintenance and hence traffic interferences can be avoided. When using these systems in combination with hot‐rolled sections, there are further significant advantages in making composite bridges more economical and durable, particularly in the field of short and medium spans. Standard higher strengths with steel grade S460 allow for more economical cross‐sections with weight savings in steel construction of often 20–30% over welded built‐up sections in S355.
Digital Roads: New Potentials for Assessing the Structural Behaviour of Steel and Composite Bridges
Authors: Kraus Matthias , Wittor Björn
Published: September 2019

The maintenance management of bridges requires a comprehensive analysis of loads and load capacities as well as the detection of any damage. Nowadays, sensor systems are available to measure certain reactions of structures for capturing the structural behaviour. In order to obtain an overview on the overall performance, extensive information is required on the loads acting to the structure during the measuring time and at best the whole lifecycle (weight, position, speed, acceleration). However, traffic monitoring does not cover all relevant data.

Due to digitization and automation, more and more cars are equipped with extensive sensor systems and in future, sensors may also be integrated in roads and road‐side units. By networking all systems, that is the monitoring system of a structure with car and road sensor systems, it is possible to obtain new information. It would for instance be possible to inform vehicles about the road situation ahead and, secondly, the structure about approaching vehicles and corresponding stress states. Thus, it is also possible to develop prognosis programs revealing the building reaction to higher traffic densities or extreme situations and initiate any preventions which avert or mitigate the situation. In addition, more precise predictions on the structural health of a bridge regarding fatigue influences and life expectancy are possible. In this contribution, new potentialities for steel and composite bridges are presented focusing on benefits of certain sensor‐systems integrated in roads.
College of Falkonergården, Frederiksberg, Denmark: Structural and architecturally innovative multifunctional steel hall
Authors: Vanggaard Ole , Weidemann Hans Chr. , Nordestgaard Peter Madsen
Published: September 2019

The new multifunctional hall of Falkonergårdens Gymnasium and the associated foyer opened in 2015 and can be used by up to 1,000 people. The same year, it was awarded a prize by Frederiksberg Municipality as one of the city's finest buildings. In 2016, the building also received this year's “Store Arne”, awarded annually by the Danish Association of Architects for work that raises the standards of architecture in Copenhagen.

The ‘multihall’ for Falkonergården in Copenhagen has a covered steel structure. It is a structure that maximizes the use of the shape with interacting plate action and “membrane” action in the cylindrical walls. The basic structural behavior is without use of primary structural members in bending. It has an orthogonal space structure for the upper roof; it has no horizontal bracing, but is only stabilized for horizontal shear forces by a closed kidney‐shaped ring beam without bending. The structural spaceframe roof has maximized the production possibility of the use of large fully fabric‐welded trusses bolted together on site with welded plane cross members. The structural design of the roof space frame allowed erection in only two days without use of scaffolding. Very simple structural freeware has been a help in the sketch design stage.

The aim of the steel design was to find a synthesis of architecture, structural behavior, productivity and buildability. It was a very challenging job, although full understanding is only for people with X‐ray eyes! (Fig. 1 and 2).
Building Maintenance Management for Steel Structures in Industrial Facilities
Authors: Hemker Andreas , Bartenbach Jochen , Dürr André
Published: September 2019

The building infrastructure in Europe is becoming older and older. Steel structures in industrial facilities and plant constructions are also affected by this ageing process. With a Building Maintenance Management (BMM) program it is possible to prevent the reduction of the load‐bearing capacity of the structure with increasing age. Repair and remediation costs can also be reduced if defects are detected by BMM in time.

In Germany guideline VDI 6200 (1) provides a framework for the procedure of BMM pertaining to public buildings as well as industrial and plant buildings, but it does not take into account the type of construction. The special characteristics of steel structures such as those found in industrial prefabrication, with minor variations in the execution, or the generally favourable accessibility of critical joints and the time‐dependent corrosion effects are, therefore, not considered within the procedures of BMM in guideline VDI 6200 (1).

HOCHTIEF Engineering has gained a wealth of experience in recent years with regard to steel structures in industrial facilities and plant constructions through the BMM program. Within this paper the special issues for these steel structures in BMM are summarized. The main focus lies in the implementation of a BMM program for these steel structures and in the preparation of regular inspections by experts according to the type of structure. In addition, typical defects and remediation measures for industrial steel structures are compiled and presented within this paper.
Compression behaviour of cold formed steel trapezoidal sheeting with transverse corrugations
Authors: Casariego Pedro , Casafont Miquel , Ferrer Miquel , Marimon Frederic
Published: September 2019

Over the past decades, the cold‐formed steel industry has developed a manufacturing technique to produce self‐supporting arches from trapezoidal steel sheets. The press‐forming procedure is based on introducing transverse corrugations to the main direction of the flat profile in order to bend it. The main problem is that these indentations, which are essential to curve the profile, change the effective properties of the original steel sheet. Nowadays, there is neither design code, nor a standardized test procedure from which to obtain the effective properties of the corrugated profile. The present investigation analyses the behaviour of the corrugated profile when it is submitted to pure compression and compares it to the behaviour of the flat profile.
Numerical study of semi‐rigid behaviour joints for slender purlins
Authors: Gutiérrez Ruth María , Loureiro Alfonso , Reinosa Jose Manuel , Lopez Manuel
Published: September 2019

Connections made in the multi‐span purlins are usually analysed employing the 3 points load test. In this test, the connection withstands a bending moment emulating the real work conditions under gravity. Considering the behaviour hypothesis of continuous beam on multiple supports, the 3 points load test approaches the bending moment distribution over the connection, approximating the parabolic law by straight‐line segments.

This test performed numerically is used to model the semi‐rigid behaviour of the sleeve connection, which significantly affects movements and the stresses developed by the multi‐span purlin, and therefore, influences its design (1), (2).

The span length of the 3 points load test is related to the span length of the purlin whose connections are to be study. A change in the test span length involves a different multi‐span purlin.

Previous work has dealt with the study of the sleeve connections for two profiles sections, small and large, varying the ratio lap length to depth, for the design of multi‐span purlins with span lengths of 6 and 11 m. This paper extends this study to consider larger span lengths. Thus, the range of the proposed formulations is expanded to include more slender purlins, expanding the knowledge for design optimization of these structural systems.
Different load‐bearing mechanisms in headed stud shear connections in composite beams with profiled steel sheeting
Authors: Vigneri Valentino , Odenbreit Christoph , Lam Dennis
Published: September 2019

The current regulations of EN1994‐1‐1 for headed stud shear connections in composite beams with profiled sheeting lead, for some configurations, to an over‐estimation of the load‐bearing capacity. Since these design equations are based on empirical considerations, they are not able to capture the real mechanical behaviour of the connector and they do not consider appropriately the influence of the geometry of sheeting on the shear capacity. For this reason, the load‐bearing mechanisms of the shear connection are identified in this work with the support of experimental and numerical results. According to the static system presented, the concrete rib is modelled as a system of diagonal struts acting simultaneously in combination with the stud in bending.

It is observed that at 2÷4 mm slip, a “Strut and beam” mechanism prevails where the resistance of the connector depends mostly on the plastic hinges activated in the stud and on the capacity of the diagonal strut in front of it. By increasing the slip (ca. 4÷10 mm), the surrounding concrete progressively crushes while the tensile stresses at the edge of the rib reach the tensile strength of the material. As a consequence of this loss of rotational stiffness, the bending capacity developed in the stud reduces and the upper hinges gradually moves towards the slab. At higher displacements (ca. 20÷40 mm), due to nonlinear geometric effects, high tensile forces develop in the stud and the load is carried through a “Strut and Tie” resistance mechanism, if the embedment of the stud is sufficient. By further increasing the slip, the whole rib rotates or the failure occurs either for concrete pull‐out or stud rupture.

This contribution describes the sequence of the activated load‐bearing mechanisms in headed stud shear connections with profiled steel sheeting at different displacements.
Vertical shear behaviour of steel‐concrete composite slabs
Authors: Simões Rui , Pereira Miguel
Published: September 2019

The design of short span steel‐concrete composite slabs, or even the spans currently used in building construction but with the longitudinal shear behaviour improved by some type of reinforcement system, usually tends to be governed by the vertical shear resistance. Nevertheless, the design model for vertical shear resistance of composite slabs, according to European standard EN 1994‐1‐1, because it is based on the design model for reinforced concrete slabs predicted in standard EN 1992‐1‐1, does not take the contribution of the steel sheeting into account adequately. In this paper several vertical shear design methodologies are presented and compared. The results of an experimental programme, composed by 4 tests on composite slabs with short spans carried out at the University of Coimbra, are shown and discussed. In order to induce a collapse by vertical shear, the composite slabs tested were provided with a longitudinal shear reinforcement system. The experimental results showed that the design model prescribed by EN 1994‐1‐1 is conservative as it neglects the contribution of the steel sheet resistance to the slab's vertical shear resistance.