bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF PROCHLORPERAZINE MALEATE SUSTAINED RELEASE FLOATING TABLET
Authors: Albadry Ahmed Abdulameer , Ali Wedad K. , Al-saady Fouad A.
Published: February 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to formulate once daily sustained oral release floating tablet of prochlorperazine maleate, this floating tablet has many advantages like reduction in dosing frequency, increase bioavailability, enhance patient compliance, and improve drug solubility.

Methods: The prochlorperazine maleate floating tablets were formulated by using hydrophilic swellable polymer and gas generating agent. In this study, 15 formulas were prepared with many variables in order to achieve an optimum dissolution and floating behaviour for the floating tablet. The all prepared formulas were tested for bulk density, tap density, angle of repose, Carr's Index, thickness, weight variation, hardness, friability, drug content, in vitro dissolution test, in vitro buoyancy, and swelling index.

Results: Formula (F2) that contain 55% (w/w) <a href="https://www.google.iq/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&ved=0ahUKEwjh383ow9LPAhWF6RQKHRChCVgQFggpMAI&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ulprospector.com%2Fen%2Fna%2FFood%2FDetail%2F895%2F563462%2FBenecel-Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose-HPMC-K4M&usg=AFQjCNGgfyJECkumK5cpU_6luVwwJ2fKxA&bvm=bv.135258522,d.d24">hydroxypropyl methylcellulose k4M (HPMCK4M), 5 % (w/w) sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) have acceptable flow properties and compressibility index and good physical properties with floating lag time (16±0.57) seconds and total floating time (32±0.29) h with 100% release of prochlorperazine maleate at the end of 24 h. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) study of optimum formula (F2) showed no chemical interaction between the drug and the excipients that used in the formula.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that that the selected formula (F2) can be a promising formula for the preparation of gastro retentive floating drug delivery systems of prochlorperazine maleate.
SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATION OF AMINO ACETYLENIC AND THIOCARBAMATES DERIVATIVES FOR 2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE AS ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
Authors: Alsarahni Aseel , Eldeen Zuhair Muhi , Al-kaissi Elham , Al- Adham Ibrahim , Al-muhtaseb Najah
Published: February 2017

Objective: To design and synthesize amino acetylenic and thiocarbonate of 2-mercapto-1,3-benthiazoles as potential antimicrobial agents.

Methods: A new series of 2-{[4-(t-amino-1-yl) but-2-yn-1-yl] sulfanyl}-1,3-benzothiazole derivatives (AZ1-AZ6), and S-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl-O-alkyl carbonothioate derivatives were synthesised, with the aim that the target compounds show new and potential antimicrobial activity. The elemental analysis was indicated by the EuroEA elemental analyzer, and biological characterization was via IR, 1H-NMR, [13]C-NMR, DSC were determined with the aid of Bruker FT-IR and Varian 300 MHz spectrometer using DMSO-d6 as a solvent. In vitro antimicrobial activity, evaluation was done for the synthesised compounds, by agar diffusion method and broth dilution test. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined.

Results: The IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DSC and elemental analysis were consistent with the assigned structures. Compound of 2-{[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)but-2-yn-1-yl] sulfanyl}-1,3-benzothiazole (AZ1), 2-{[4-(2-methylpiperidin-1-yl)but-2-yn-1-yl]sulfanyl}-1,3-benzothiazole (AZ2), 2-{[4-(piperidin-1-yl) but-2-yn-1-yl]sulfanyl}-1, 3-benzothiazole (AZ6), S-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl-O-ethyl carbonothioate (AZ7), and S-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl-O-(2-methylpropyl) carbonothioate (AZ9) showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), AZ-9 demonstrated the highest antifungal activity against Candida albicans (C. albicans), with MIC of 31.25 µg/ml.

Conclusion: These promising results promoted our interest to investigate other structural analogues for their antimicrobial activity further.
STEROLS BIOACTIVITY OF RUTA GRAVEOLENS L. AND MURRAYA PANICULATA L.
Authors: Baker Doha H. Abou , Ibrahim Eman A. , Kandeil Ahmed , Baz Farouk K. El
Published: February 2017

Objective: Ruta graveolens L. (R. graveolens) and Murraya paniculata L. (M. paniculata) are medicinal plants belonging to Rutaceae family have many uses in traditional medicine. The aim of the present study was to investigate sterols bioactivity of the two Rutaceae plant leaves.

Methods: Sterols of the two Rutaceae plant leaves were identified using GC/MS. The antioxidant activities of the sterols of these herbs were evaluated by three different methods; free radical scavenging using 2,2′-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and total antioxidant activity. The anticancer activity of the sterols was determined by MTT assay against colorectal cancer HCT116, breast cancer MCF7, liver cancer HepG2 and lung cancer A549 cell lines. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using albumin denaturation assay and antiviral activities against H5N1 virus were carried out using plaque reduction assay.

Results: GC/MS assay showed β-Sitosterol (36%) as the most abundant sterols of R. graveolens followed by stigmasterol (18%), while stigmasterol (25.2%) was the most abundant one of M. paniculata steroids. The anti-inflammatory potential of R. graveolens steroids was significantly higher than that of diclofenac sodium (standard drug). M. paniculata sterols have higher antiviral activity (IC50= 0.15 of µg/ml) than R. graveolens sterols (IC50= 7.8 of µg/ml). The sterols of R. graveolens showed anticancer activity against MCF7 and A549 cells with inhibition 84.3 and 81%, at 100 µg/ml respectively. While M. paniculata sterols showed 77.3% inhibition against A549 cells.

Conclusion: The current study suggests that the sterols of M. paniculata have more anti-viral activity than R. graveolens sterols which showed more anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities.
DEVELOPMENT OF A DENSITOMETRIC HIGH-PERFORMANCE THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR THE QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF URSOLIC ACID IN THE LEAVES OF SPECIES OF GENUS TECOMA AND TABEBUIA OF BIGNONIACEAE FAMILY
Authors: Kedar Kalyani A. , Chaudhari Sanjay R. , Rao Avanapu S.
Published: February 2017

Objective: A simple and sensitive high-performance thin–layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method was developed for the quantification of ursolic acid in the leaves of three species of genus Tecoma (Tecoma gaudichaudi DC, Tecoma capensis (Thunb.) Lindl, Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth) and genus Tabebuia (Tabebuia rosea Bertol) belong to family Bignoniaceae.

Methods: Chromatography was performed on Silica gel 60 F254 precoated HPTLC Plates with optimised mobile phase pet ether: ethyl acetate: formic acid (7:3:0.5, v/v/v). The plate was derivatized with p-anisaldehyde reagent and scanned at 540 nm. The developed method was found to give a compact spot for ursolic acid at Rf value 0.43±0.01. The method was validated using International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines, including linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness.

Results: Ursolic acid was found to be present in four species, i.e., Tecoma gaudichaudi DC (1.48%w/w), Tecoma capensis (Thunb.) Lindl. (0.79%w/w), Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. Ex Kunth (1.11%w/w), Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) (1.13%w/w). A good linearity relationship was found to be (200-1400ng band−1) with a correlation coefficient (r2) value of 0.9946 with ursolic acid. Limit of detection and limit of quantification was considered to be 40.66, 123.21 ng per band respectively. The developed method was found to be accurate and precise with 1.32%, 1.19% (%RSD) for interday and intraday precision. The accuracy of the method was performed by recovery studies at three different concentration levels, and the average percentage recovery was found to be 98.05% for ursolic acid.

Conclusion: The proposed method for the quantitation of ursolic acid was found to be reproducible and simple.
NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF POMEGRANATE JUICE ON LEAD INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY IN MICE
Authors: Gadouche Leila , Djebli Noureddine , Zerrouki Khayra
Published: February 2017

Objective: This study evaluates the potential neuroprotective of the pomegranate juice against chronic intoxication with lead acetate for 3 months.

Methods: Twenty-one female Swiss mice divided into 3 groups were employed in the present investigation. Control group: received drinking water for 90 days, neurotoxic group were exposed to 1000 ppm of lead acetate in the drinking water for 12 weeks, and neurotoxic treated group represents the mice received treatment with juice pomegranate diluted with distilled water (v/v) orally for 4 h / day followed by lead acetate at a dose of 1000 ppm orally for 20 h / day for 90 days. After cessation of treatment, neurobehavioral studies using the open field test, black and white test box and swimming test were made. In the next phase, brain injury was assessed histologically with hematoxylin-eosin staining.

Results: Chronic exposure to lead led to significant increase in the level of anxiety, depression and the locomotor activity (P < 0.05). It was confirmed by histopathological alterations in many areas of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus including neuronal degeneration and decrease cell density. Treatment with the juice significantly improve the level of depression, locomotor function (P < 005) and anxiety (P > 0.05) in mice exposed to lead as well as restored the histological structure in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of mice. The total phenolic and flavonoids content in juice of pomegranate was found to be 3809. 8±29.404 mg GAE/l; 2109. 57±18.936 mg QE /l of juice.

Conclusion: This finding suggests that phenolic compounds found in pomegranate juice provide a neuroprotective effect on behavioural impairments and histopathological change induced by lead.
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SECONDARY METABOLITES OF SATUREJA HORTENSIS L.
Authors: Shanaida Mariya , Ivanusa Iryna , Kernychna Ivanna
Published: February 2017

Objective: The present study was designated to analyse the essential oils and tannins as important secondary metabolites of the aerial part of Satureja hortensis.

Methods: The chemical composition of S. hortensis herb was investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation method.

Results: The essential oil yield in the aerial part of S. hortensis was 1.61%. GC-MS analysis of the essential oils identified the presence of 29 components. Carvacrol (76.16%), as the main component of essential oils, belongs to the group of aromatic compounds. Eight tannin components identified by HPLC and epigallocatechin (130.91х10-2%) are prevalent among them.

Conclusion: S. hortensis was found to possess considerable amount of phytoconstituents such as essential oils and tannins. The results of this research will help to study pharmacological properties of the investigated plant and to prevent possible adulteration with other plants.
Remodelling university governance in public universities to respond to the dual challenges of academic research and commercialization
Authors: Narayan Anil Kumar , Olesen Karin , Ramachandra Suresh
Published: February 2017

Using an in-depth case study, this paper examines how the governance of a public university responds to the dual challenges of academic research and commercialization. Our findings indicate that the stakeholder model of institutional governance for academic research strongly underpinned by new public management ideologies conflicted with the research commercialization mission dominated by a profit seeking objective. To be governed responsibly, commercialization requires some degree of corporatization, and the corporate governance model seems to offer many advantages to public universities. The study demonstrated that the best way forward for public universities may be to adopt „dual‟ stakeholder and corporate governance models and utilize complementary and collaborative governance strategies to meet the challenges of academic research development and commercialization.
The role of institutions in successful fiscal arrangements: The case of Australia and Argentina
Authors: Esposto Alexis S. , Alshammary Meshaal
Published: February 2017

This paper discusses the role of institutions in successful fiscal arrangements by comparing the fiscal equalization system of two nations, Argentina and Australia. The paper shows that Australia’s fiscal vertical and horizontal equalisation model is on the whole simpler, more transparent, efficient and accountable to that of Argentina. The paper also illustrates Argentina’s agency problem in fiscal financial arrangements. A major challenge for developing countries like Argentina is to strengthen their institutional matrices. One way of achieving this is through the consolidation of Argentina’s institutions. Another is to adopt an eclectic approach to ‘institutional matrix’ building. Looking at Australia’s experience might be the way forward for Argentina’s development
Identification of significant pressures and assessment of wastewater discharge on Krivaja River water quality
Authors: Pesic Vesna , Becelic-Tomin Milena , Kerkez Djurdja , Dalmacija Bozo , Krcmar Dejan , Maletic Snezana , Varga Natasa
Published: February 2017

One of the key stages of the process of preparing management plans for the river basin is the analysis of pressures and impacts, as well as the risk assessment of failing to achieve the environmental objectives. DPSIR framework (Driving Forces-Pressure-State-Impact-Response) was developed by the European Agency for the environmental protection, and makes the conceptual basis for the pressures and impacts analysis, taking into account the complexity of the interactions in the environment and represents the tool for their analysis. Impact assessment of the water body requires some quantitative information to describe the condition of the water body and/or the pressures that act on it. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of wastewater discharge on Krivaja watercourse. Impact assessment is carried out based on data of polluters? wastewater and monitoring information for water in Krivaja. For each site at which sampling was performed, the specific risk quotients for surface water were calculated, as the ratio of the each pollutant concentration in surface water at the sampling point and environmental quality standards for pollutants, as well as their sum that represents the risk index. In order to have the integrated perceive of processes in the Krivaja River, taking into account cumulative effects from point sources, the concept of total maximum daily load was applied, using which the pollution amount, that can be discharged daily in a water body without degrading his prescribed/required quality, was calculated. Comparison of emitted loads from pollution point sources with maximum allowable ones was performed. Wastewaters of different polluters located on Krivaja are, due to insufficient treatment, very loaded with organic matter and nutrients. Krivaja receives daily 1332 m3 of wastewater, 999 kg COD, 722 kg BOD, 144 kg of nitrogen, 4.3 kg of phosphorus and 627 kg of suspended solids. Of the total wastewater volume, the majority (69%) originates from municipal wastewater, 81% of the total amount of organic matter comes from the industry, while nutrients mostly originate from municipal wastewater. Loading of Krivaja with wastewater is major, uneven and unbalanced. Water quality of Krivaja is unsatisfactory. According to national legislation there is the exceedance of maximum permissible values for Class II for watercourse (good status) for most parameters, in all sampling locations and in both sampling periods. Parameters that exceeded the value for the Class II are dissolved oxygen, organic matter content, suspended solids, nutrients. Water flow in the river is not sufficient to receive the total amount of the pollutant load from point sources. Risk assessment, based on the monitoring results, indicates that the river Krivaja is possibly at risk of failing to meet the required water quality because the most of the values exceeded the limit values.
Reductive roasting of iron-rich manganese oxide ore with elemental sulfur for selective manganese extraction
Authors: You Z. , Li G. , Peng Z. , Qin L. , Zhang Y. , Jiang T.
Published: February 2017

It is very important to selectively reduce manganese oxide over iron oxide
for extraction of Mn from iron-rich manganese ore. In this study, reductive
roasting of an iron-rich manganese oxide ore with elemental sulfur as
reductant was investigated. The experimental results demonstrated that
manganese dioxide can be selectively reduced with elemental sulfur and
extracted via acid leaching, which was largely depended on the sulfur
addition. Lower sulfur addition (S/Mn molar ratio<1.0) results in higher
selectivity, which is independent of roasting temperature. More than 95%
manganese and less than 10% iron were extracted through acid leaching under
the roasting conditions of 400-600?C with S/Mn molar ratio of 0.6. The
contents of manganese sulfide and sulfate in the roasted product increased
with increasing sulfur addition, while they decreased distinctly at
temperatures above 550?C. The thermodynamic analysis also proved that
manganese dioxide is more easily reduced than iron oxide by sulfur at 300-900
K. The phase transformations during reductive roasting revealed that sulfides
(MnS and FeS2) were favored at temperatures lower than 550?C whereas the
oxides (MnFe2O4 and Fe3O4) were predominant at higher temperatures. The
reduction of iron oxide mainly occurred at large sulfur additions (S/Mn>2.0)
and the roasting temperature exerted a significant impact on the phase
composition of roasted product.
PENGEMBANGAN KAMUS ”CHART OF ACCOUNTS” UNTUK MATA KULIAH AKUNTANSI PERHOTELAN
Authors: Gede Diatmika I Putu
Published: February 2017

Akuntansi Perhotelan merupakan salah satu mata kuliah akuntansi terapan dalamkondisi riil di dunia kerja tepatnya implementasi di dunia pariwisata. Mata kuliah ini  memilikikarakteristik yang berbeda dengan dunia usaha lainnya terutama terkait dengan sifat usahaberupa kegiatan jasa pelayanan ”hospitality service” yang berorientasi profit. Chart OfAccounts dalam akuntansi perhotelan merupakan rekening-rekening Akuntansi serta istilahistilahyang merupakan komponen penting dalam penguasaan Akuntansi Perhotelan.Rekening dan istilah dalam akuntansi perhotelan sangatlah berbeda dengan akuntansisecara umum terlebih lagi saat ini informasi mengenai chart of Accounts ini belum terkoordinasi dalam satu literatur yang tepat. Tujuan jangka panjang dari penelitian iniadalah untuk menghasilkan literatur dalam bentuk kamus Chart Of Accounts untuk Akuntansi Perhotelan yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam pembelajaran Akuntansi Perhotelandi kelas yang sekaligus juga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber informasi pemakai baikmasyarakat umum maupun praktisi di di dunia perhotelan. Untuk dapat mencapai tujuan penelitian ini digunakan model pengembangan four D Models yang terdiri dari 4 tahappengembangan, yaitu Define, Design, Develop, dan Desseminate. Produk penelitian iniadalah kamus Chart of Accounts  untuk Akuntansi Perhotelan.
MODAL SOSIAL DALAM PENGINTEGRASIAN MASYARAKAT MULTIETNIS PADA MASYARAKAT DESA PAKRAMAN DI BALI
Authors: Raga Gede
Published: February 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkapkan tentang modal sosial dalam pengintegrasian masyarakat multietnis pada desa pakraman di Bali yang di dalamnya mencakup kemultietnikan masyarakat desa pakraman, pola pemukiman masyarakat multietnik, jaringan hubungan sosial antaretnis, bentuk-bentuk integrasi antar etnis, model kontrol sosial yang dikembangkan guna mempertahankan integrasi antaretnik pada desa pakraman. Kajian terhadap hal itu akan dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan teori-teori kritis, dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Berdasarkan hal itu, terungkap bahwa masyarakat desa pakraman di Bali merupakan masyarakat multietnik, kemultietnikan tersebut dapat dilihat dari adanya berbagai kelompok etnik yang bermukim di wilayah tersebut, seperti etnis Bali, etnis Tionghoa, dan etnis Jawa. Pola pemukimannya pada umumnya cenderung mengelompok dan berada dekat dengan pusat aktivitas ekonomi, jalur utama dan cenderung berbaur dengan etnis lainnya. Jaringan hubungan sosial yang dikembangkan ada yang didasarkan atas kedekatan tempat tinggal, kekerabatan, kepentingan sosial, ekonomi, budaya dan politik. Integrasi sosialnya tampak dalam bentuk perkawinan, hubungan pertetanggaan/ hubungan tempat tinggal, persekutuan/perkumpulan/organisasi sosial baik yang berbasis sosial, budaya, ekonomi maupun politik. Model kontrol sosial yang dikembangkan berupa penanaman nilai melalui sosialisasi, pemanfaatan sistem sosial keluarga/kuren, desa pakraman, berbagai kelembagaan formal, dan dengan pemanfaatan budaya fisik seperti surat, telepon, radio, pengeras suara. Di samping itu, juga digunakan bahasa. Dengan kata lain kontrol sosial dalam pemeliharaan modal sosial dan integrasi antar etnik dilakukan secara sekala dan niskala.
Sikap Pemustaka terhadap Program OPAC Jurnal dalam Mempermudah Penelusuran pada Perpustakaan Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha
Authors: Pramita Utami N P
Published: February 2017

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memerikan sikap pemustaka terhadap keberadaan program OPAC jurnal yang dikaji melalui skema triadik yang meliputi aspek kognitif, afektif dan konasi. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, maka metode penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan survey digunakan dalam penelitian ini. 100 responden pemustaka dijadikan sebagai sampel penelitian yang didapat dengan teknik accidental sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui angket, wawancara, dan observasi. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sikap pemustaka secara umum dapat dikategorikan positif yaitu dengan rerata 84,15 %. Sikap positif tersebut secara rinci dapat diuraikan sebagai berikut: (1) aspek kognitif sebesar 85 %, sehingga dikategorikan sangat positif; (2) aspek afektif sebesar 82,45 %, sehingga dikategorikan positif; dan (3) aspek konasi sebesar 85, 37 %, sehingga dikategorikan sangat positif. Dalam pembentukan sikap tersebut, ketiga komponen sikap ini terkait satu sama lain. Komponen sikap kognitif (pengetahuan, kepercayaan, dan keyakinan) pemustaka akan mewarnai aspek afektif (perasaan suka/tidak suka), sehingga akan membingkai kecenderungan perilaku pemustaka (aspek konasi) terhadap OPAC Jurnal. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, untuk membentuk sikap positif dan mengurangi keraguan sikap pemustaka untuk menggunakan OPAC Jurnal, maka perlu diupayakan keterlibatan pimpinan untuk mengadakan kegiatan sosialisasi dan bimbingan teknis secara berkelanjutan.
KEBIJAKAN FORMULATIF SATUAN POLISI PAMONG PRAJA (SATPOL PP) DI KABUPATEN TABANAN (Studi Kasus Penertiban Gepeng dan Pedagang Kaki Lima dalam Perwujudan Tata Kota)
Authors: Artha Windari Ratna
Published: February 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) mengkaji model formulatif kebijakan SATPOL PP Tabanan terhadap penertiban Gepeng dan Pedagang Kaki Lima dalam perwujudan tata kota sebagai research modle bagi SATPOL PP di daerah Kabupaten/Kota lain di Provinsi Bali, dan 2) menganalisis dan memformulasikan implikasi keberhasilan teknis rancangan tata kota yang dapat diadopsi melalui model formulatif kebijakan SATPOL PP Tabanan dalam penataan ruang wilayah perkotaan ditinjau dari Perda RTRWP Bali No.16 Tahun 2009. Jenis penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan field research (penelitian lapangan), sampel/responden secara proporsional yang difokuskan pada organisasi perangkat daerah, teknik analisis data secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1) model kebijakan formulatif keberhasilan SATPOL PP Tabanan di dalam penertiban Gepeng dan Pedagang kaki lima adalah melalui tahap pengumpulan opini, tahap pendekatan dan komunikasi, tahap public hearing, sosialisasi dan negosiasi, tahap kesepakatan, tahap eksekusi terhadap pelanggaran, yang diikuti dengan pembinaan melalui lembaga sosial seperti balai latihan kerja (BLK). 2) implikasi keberhasilan model kebijakan formulatif terhadap penertiban gepeng dan pedagang kaki lima melalui Satpol PP Tabanan berupa tata kota yang bersih dan teratur, hasil jual, penyediaan tempat permanen berupa los-los resmi, penyediaan jasa pelayanan parkir, termasuk pengembangan jenis usaha kreatif hasil kerajinan tangan warga binaan.
KESELAMATAN OLAHRAGA MELALUI BUKU PEDOMAN KESELAMATAN DALAM OLAHRAGA
Authors: Dharmadi Made Agus
Published: February 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk penyempurnaan dan mensosialisasikan buku pedoman yang telah dikembangkan sebelumnya, melalu uji pakar dan uji praktisi, yang terdiri dari pakar olahraga, pakar kesehatan dan pakar buku pedoman. Sedangkan uji praktisi dilakukan oleh guru-guru di jenjang SD, SMP dan SMA dengan minimal memiliki kualifikasi Master. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode pengembangan menurut Gall and Gall (2003:570), teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah menggunakan teknik kuesioner kepada para pakar dan praktisi melalui form penilaian, sedangkan analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan yang dilakukan, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa keberadaan buku pedoman keselamatan olahraga sebagai panduan ataupun petujuk praktis terhadap upaya pencegahan terhadap resiko kecelakaan dalam pembelajaran penjasorkes sangat penting bagi guru/pelatih dan siswa. Buku pedoman diharapkan dapat dikembangkan segera dan dicetak dalam bentuk buku ataupun booklet yang mudah digunakan,  sehingga diharapkan nantinya dapat menunjang penampilan siswa/atlet dalam proses belajar/berlatihnya, disamping itu pula, pengembangan buku pedoman keselamatan olahraga memiliki asas manfaat yang baik berdasarkan hasil sosialisasi kepada siswa-siswa yang akan menggunakan buku pedoman tersebut. Dari kesimpulan ini, dapat disarankan agar buku yang telah di uji pakar maupun praktisi ini dapat dicetak dan sebarkan kepada guru/dosen, pelatih, siswa/mahasiswa dan juga masayarakat umum untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai buku utama dalam pencegahan aktifitas berolahraga.
BALINISASI MASAKAN VEGETARIAN
Authors: Suja I Wayan , Retug Nyoman
Published: February 2017

Kesadaran masyarakat untuk beralih kepada makanan alami, termasuk makanan vegetarian, sesungguhnya memberikan peluang bisnis bagi mereka yang bergerak dalam bidang usaha kuliner. Peluang tersebut semula hanya dimanfaatkan oleh warga keturunan dengan menyediakan masakan Cina, yang selain terasa aneh di lidah, juga tergolong mahal. Untuk itu, dipandang perlu untuk membalinisasi masakan vegetarian bekerja sama dengan mitra lokal yang bergerak dalam bidang usaha kuliner vegetarian. Dua mitra telah dilibatkan, yaitu Depot Vegetarian Bhoga Laksmi dan Depot Vegetarian Bu Krisna, yang masing-masing berlokasi di sebelah Timur dan Barat kota Singaraja, Bali. Dari wawancara dan observasi awal ditemukan bahwa kedua mitra masih perlu diberikan pemahaman berkaitan dengan seluk-beluk vegetarian dan dilatih membuat masakan vegetarian khas Bali, termasuk penggunaan bumbu-bumbu Bali (basa genep). Kegiatan IbM ini dilaksanakan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan keterampilan mitra dalam membuat masakan vegetarian dengan nuansa Bali menggunakan bahan-bahan dan  bumbu  lokal  dan  alami. Kegiatan  dilakukan  dengan  metode  pelatihan,  yang meliputi diskusi dan praktek.  Hasil kegiatan berupa pemahaman dan kemampuan mitra untuk mengkomunikasikan makanan vegetarian semakin mantap, serta terampil membalinisasi masakan vegetarian. Masakan vegetarian yang dihasilkan dalam kegiatan IbM ini memiliki karakteristik sebagai berikut. Pertama, jenis masakannya mengikuti makanan tradisional Bali atau sudah diadaptasi dalam khasanah budaya kuliner Bali. Jenis-jenis masakan tersebut, meliputi lawar, tum, sate, urutan, be siap sitsit, be kuah, rawon, ati, syobak, plecing, dan lain-lainnya. Kedua, menurut konsumen tekstur masakan vegetarian yang dibuat sudah sangat mirip dengan masakan produk daging hewani. Ketiga, bumbu yang digunakan merupakan produk sendiri menggunakan bahan-bahan alami lokal. Penggunaan bumbu lokal tersebut (terutama basa gede/basa genep) menyebabkan masakan  vegetarian  yang dihasilkan memiliki aroma dan rasa sesuai dengan selera masyarakat Bali. Ketiga spesifikasi tersebut merupakan keunggulan masakan vegetarian khas Bali yang dihasilkan, sebagai produk usaha kreatif untuk membalinisasi masakan vegetarian. Inovasi produk dan peningkatan pelayanan kepada pelanggan telah berdampak positif terhadap penghasilan harian mereka. Semula penghasilan per hari kedua mitra masing-masing berkisar antara Rp.150 – 200 ribu, setelah pelatihan mencapai Rp. 275 – 400 ribu rupiah.
DESA BINAAN BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL TRI HITA KARANA DI DESA PEMUTERAN KECAMATAN GEROKGAK KABUPATEN BULELENG
Authors: Mudana I Wayan
Published: February 2017

Pengabdian Kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk (1) meningkatkan wawasan aparat desa dalam berkolaborasi dengan kelompok masyarakat ekonomi, politik dan sipil, (2) meningkatkan pengetahaun dan keterampilan ibu-ibu PKK di Desa Pemuteran   dalam mengolah ikan hasil tangkapan, (3) meningkatkan pengetahaun dan keterampilan ibu- ibu PKK di Desa Pemuteran dalam mengolah ubi ketela pohon dalam membuat beraneka kue kukus, dan (4)meningkatkan wawasan aparat desa, ibu-ibu PKK dan anggota masyarakat tentang pariwisata dan pelestarian lingkungan. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan dengan metode ceramah, diskusi dan pelatihan. Melalui kegiatan ini dihasilkan peningkatan pengetahuan aparat desa dalam mengembangkan kolaborasi dengan  kelompok masyarakat  lainnya seperti masyarakat politik, ekonomi  dan sipil, peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan aparat desa dan Ibu-Ibu PKK dalam pengembangan pariwisata dan kelestarian lingkungan, peningkatan wawasan dan keterampilan ibu-ibu PKK pembuatan bakso, nugget dan bolu kukus pelangi.
PELATIHAN PENULISAN ARTIKEL ILMIAH BAGI GURU-GURU KIMIA DI KABUPATEN BULELENG
Authors: Redhana I Wayan
Published: February 2017

Tujuan kegiatan P2M ini adalah menghasilkan produk berupa artikel ilmiah yang siap diterbitkan dalam Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia Indonesia (JPKimIa) melalui pelatihan. Kegiatan pelatihan yang dilakukan meliputi berkoordinasi dengan MGMP Kimia Kabupaten  Buleleng mengenai jadwal dan tempat pelaksanaan P2M, pelatihan pencarian  informasi  atau  browsing  internet, pembekalan penulisan artikel  ilmiah, pelatihan menganalisis artikel jurnal yang telah dipublikasikan, dan pembuatan artikel ilmiah. Jumlah peserta  kegiatan  sebanyak  30 orang  guru-guru kimia. Hasil kegiatan P2M adalah guru-guru kimia sangat antusias mengikuti pelatihan P2M.
PENATAAN PERMUKIMAN KUMUH MASYARAKAT PESISIR DI DESA SANGSIT
Authors: Christiawan Putu Indra , Ananda Citra I Putu , Arie Wahyuni Made
Published: February 2017

Desa Sangsit merupakan bagian dari wilayah Kabupaten Buleleng yang memiliki sumberdaya kelautan yang potensial. Kenyataan ini didukung dengan peningkatan produktivitas hasil tangkapan ikan, terutama masyarakat pesisir yang bermata-pencaharian sebagai nelayan. Meskipun produktivitas hasil tangkapan ikan meningkat, tetapi kondisi ekonomi masyarakat nelayan terkategori miskin. Kemiskinan ini dimanifestasikan dalam wujud permukiman kumuh. Berdasarkan dari fenomena tersebut, kegiatan ini memiliki tujuan untuk: (1) mendesain visi misi penataan permukiman kumuh masyarakat pesisir, (2) meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pemahaman masyarakat pesisir, khususnya masyarakat nelayan di dalam menjaga kualitas permukiman dan (3) menata permukiman kumuh masyarakat pesisir yang sejalan dengan upaya peningkatan kemampuan dan keterampilan masyarakat nelayan dalam menata permukiman skala mikro. Pelaksanaan inti kegiatan P2M ini dalam format pembinaan, pelatihan dan pendampingan yang mengkhusus pada masing-masing rumah mitra. Narasumber dalam kegiatan ini adalah pakar lingkungan dan permukiman, yaitu Prof. Dr. I Gede Astra Wesnawa, M.Si. Materi pembinaan dan pelatihan yang telah dilaksanakan meliputi identifikasi karakteristik permukiman kumuh dan strategi penataan permukiman kumuh serta praktek penataan permukiman kumuh skala mikro yang meliputi penataan bangunan rumah, fasilitas rumah, sanitasi, kondisi lingkungan dan penataan keindahan. Evaluasi kegiatan P2M ini dilakukan terhadap proses dan produk kegiatan. Evaluasi proses berupa penilaian kinerja yang meliputi semangat, kerja-sama dan keterbukaan mitra termasuk kemampuan mitra dalam menata permukiman, sementara evaluasi produk dilakukan terhadap hasil kinerja mitra berupa hasil penataan pada masing-masing komponen permukiman skala mikro. Penskoran dilakukan dengan skala Likert dengan bantuan rubrik penilaian, serta dianalisis dan diinterpretasi secara deskriptif. Hasil kegiatan P2M ini berjalan sesuai dengan rencana dan disambut positif dan antusias oleh mitra. Pasca mengikuti kegiatan P2M terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan dan pemahaman serta kemampuan mitra di dalam menata permukiman kumuh untuk menjadi permukiman yang memenuhi syarat-syarat rumah sehat.
PENGEMBANGAN PROFESIONALISME GURU MELALUI PELATIHAN PENYUSUNAN KARYA TULIS ILMIAH DI WILAYAH PEDALAMAN
Authors: Annisa Muhsinah , Hamid Hariyati , - Kartini
Published: February 2017

Kecamatan Long Pujungan Kabupaten Malinau  merupakan salah satu daerah di provinsi Kalimatan Utara (Kaltara) yang termasuk wilayah pedalaman. Malinau berbatasan langsung dengan negara tetangga, yaitu Sabah, Malaysia Timur. Sebagai daerah yang berbatasan langsung dengan negara lain. Guru profesional harus memiliki 4 kompetensi, salah satunya yaitu  kompetensi profesional. Berdasarkan wawancara dengan guru-guru di SDN 001 Long Pujungan,  ditemukan permasalah yaitu banyak guru yang mengalami kendalal dalam kenaikan pangkat, salah satunya dikarenakan minimnya publikasi karya ilmiah. Hal ini disebabkan oleh pemahaman guru belum memadai dalam penyusunan karya tulis ilmiah. Pelatihan Pengabdian Masyarakat menggunakan metode yang digunakan adalah ceramah, penugasan dan diskusi serta pendampingan pembuatan karya tulis ilmiah dan perangkat pembelajaran. Langkah-langkah kegiatan yaitu dengan pelatihan berupa teori, penugasan secara mandiri dan diskusi. Sasaran kegiatan ini adalah guru-guru sekolah dasar di Kecamatan Long Pujungan Kabupaten Malinau. Data angket yang diberikan kepada peserta menunjukkan bahwa 100% merupakan hal yang baru, 84 % pelatihan ini sangat membantu dalam pelaksanaan, 88% peserta memperoleh tambahan pengetahuan dan keterampilan,12% masih tidak mengerti. 96% peserta menjawab bahwa guru memerlukan referensi dalam pelaksanaan tugas, Dalam ketersediaan referensi, 92% menyatakan bahwa referensi ada di tempat mereka bekerja, tapi belum mencukupi. 100% peserta menyatakan bahwa petihan sangat efektf. dan 100% menyatakan perlu ada pelatihan lanjutan.
Forgetting Flooding? : Post-disaster Livelihood and Embedded Remembrance in Suburban Santa Fe, Argentina
Authors: Ullberg Susann Baez
Published: February 2017

Flooding has long been a recurrent problem in the Argentinian city of Santa Fe, mainly affecting the poverty-stricken suburban outskirts. In 2003 one of the worst floods ever occurred, which also affected residents in the middle income sectors who had never been flooded before and who reacted with an extraordinary process of commemoration and protest against the government for its lax disaster management. Paradoxically, most other past disastrous floods in the city’s history seem to dwell in the shadows of social oblivion. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in the years 2004–2011, this article analyzes how local flood memories are made through daily life practices and places in the suburban outskirts, more than through public commemorations, which has implications for vulnerability and risk.
Post-disaster Field Trips: Building Expert Knowledge through Itineraries, Memory Sticks, and Cameras
Authors: Hrdličková Zuzana
Published: February 2017

Field trips play a significant role in the building of expert knowledge of numerous institutions. So why is their nature and significance for knowledge production rarely discussed in the anthropology of expertise? In this paper, I draw on the particular instance of an expert field trip undertaken by a disaster management organization in the Indian state of Odisha in the aftermath of Cyclone Phailin in 2013. I show that field trips are contingent practices defined by their sequential logic, relationships, interests, and by the personal perceptions of people who undertake them. The choice of personnel to carry out this field exercise is fundamental and depends on institutional views of aims and understandings of what constitutes expertise. In line with E. Summerson Carr’s argument that expertise is something people “do” rather than “hold”, I show that enacting expert status serves to assert power and to enable its holder to achieve their aims.
Efficient and Green Synthesis of 2,2′-(Arylmethylene)Bis-4-Pyrones in an Ionic Liquid [bmim+][BF4–]
Authors: Ren Yulan , Song Hang
Published: February 2017

A series of sixteen 2,2′-(arylmethylene)bis(3-hydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-ones) have been prepared in high yield via an ammonium acetate-catalysed three-component reaction of an aromatic aldehyde (1 equiv.) and allomaltol (2 equiv.) in an ionic liquid [bmim+][BF4–]. The reaction work-up is simple and the ionic liquid can be easily separated from the product and reused.
Synthesis of 1H-Chromeno[2,3-d]Pyrimidine-5-Carboxamides under Solvent-Free Conditions at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Keykha Ghodsyeh , Hosseini-Tabatabaei Mohammad R. , Hassanabadi Alireza
Published: February 2017

Good yields of six 1H-chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-5-carboxamides were obtained via the two-stage, one-pot reaction of an alkyl isocyanide with the initially formed condensation product of 1,3-dimethyl barbituric acid and a salicylaldehyde under solvent-free conditions at ambient temperature. This procedure has a number of advantages, such as short reaction time and easy work-up. Also, the present method does not involve any hazardous organic solvent.
Synaptic Compensation as a Probable Cause of Prolonged Mild Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer’s Disease: Implications from a Transgenic Mouse Model of the Disease
Authors: Baazaoui Narjes , Flory Michael , Iqbal Khalid
Published: February 2017

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a slow, progressive neurodegenerative disease in which cognitive decline takes place over a period of several years with a very variable period of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and, in some cases, relatively long period before progression to dementia. The cognitive deficit during MCI is probably due to neuronal loss, an intermediate level of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and synaptosis, which is interrupted with a transient compensatory increase. We found impairment in reference memory accompanied by a decrease in the expression of synaptophysin, β-III tubulin, and MAP2 and a trend for GluR1, at 12 weeks of age in 3xTg-AD mice (hAPPSwe, P301L tau, PS1 [M146V] knock-in), a widely used transgenic model of AD. Past 12 weeks, the cross-sectional analysis of different age groups showed a compensatory increase in synaptic markers relative to that in wild type animals in a topographic and time-dependent manner. When studied across time we found that in 3xTg-AD mice, the compensatory phenomenon occurred in parallel in different regions of the brain. However, this attempt of the brain to repair itself was able to only partially rescue cognitive impairment. These findings for the first time raise the intriguing possibility that AD causing mutated transgenes may initially cause an increase in synaptic and dendritic markers as a compensatory mechanism for synaptic deficit, and this phenomenon, though transient, could be the biological basis of the period of MCI seen in AD.
Chronic Lithium Treatment in a Rat Model of Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Depletion: Effects on Memory Impairment and Neurodegeneration
Authors: Gelfo Francesca , Cutuli Debora , Nobili Annalisa , De Bartolo Paola , D’Amelio Marcello , Petrosini Laura , Caltagirone Carlo
Published: February 2017

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder with multifactorial etiopathogenesis, characterized by progressive loss of memory and other cognitive functions. A fundamental neuropathological feature of AD is the early and severe brain cholinergic neurodegeneration. Lithium is a monovalent cation classically utilized in the treatment of mood disorders, but recent evidence also advances a beneficial potentiality of this compound in neurodegeneration. Interestingly, lithium acts on several processes whose alterations characterize the brain cholinergic impairment at short and long term. On this basis, the aim of the present research was to evaluate the potential beneficial effects of a chronic lithium treatment in preventing the damage that a basal forebrain cholinergic neurodegeneration provokes, by investigating memory functions and neurodegeneration correlates. Adult male rats were lesioned by bilateral injections of the immunotoxin 192 IgG-Saporin into the basal forebrain. Starting 7 days before the surgery, the animals were exposed to a 30-day lithium treatment, consisting of a 0.24% Li2CO3 diet. Memory functions were investigated by the open field test with objects, the sociability and preference for social novelty test, and the Morris water maze. Hippocampal and neocortical choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) levels and caspase-3 activity were determined. Cholinergic depletion significantly impaired spatial and social recognition memory, decreased hippocampal and neocortical ChAT levels and increased caspase-3 activity. The chronic lithium treatment significantly rescued memory performances but did not modulate ChAT availability and caspase-3 activity. The present findings support the lithium protective effects against the cognitive impairment that characterizes the brain cholinergic depletion.
Clinical Effectiveness and Tolerability of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Patients with Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Dementia
Authors: Isserles Moshe , Daskalakis Zafiris J. , Kumar Sanjeev , Rajji Tarek K. , Blumberger Daniel M.
Published: February 2017

Background: Dementia frequently presents with aggression, agitation, and disorganized behavior for which current treatment is partially effective and is associated with significant adverse effects.

Objective: The aim of this study was to retrospectively assess the clinical effectiveness and tolerability of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in a sample of patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia (NPS) and to explore factors associated with response and with cognitive adverse effects.

Methods: We examined the clinical records of 25 patients with dementia and a pre-existing psychiatric disorder treated with ECT at an academic mental health hospital between April 1, 2010 and January 28, 2016. Twenty-nine acute ECT courses and fifteen maintenance courses were reviewed. We assessed treatment effectiveness and cognitive adverse effects as well as factors associated with response to treatment, including pre-existing psychiatric disorders, concomitant pharmacological treatment and types of dementia.

Results: ECT resulted in a clinically meaningful response in 72% of acute treatment courses. Cognitive adverse effects affecting functioning were reported in 7% of the acute treatment courses. Maintenance treatment was effective in sustaining the response in 87% of treatment courses with two reports of significant cognitive adverse effects. One patient fell and experienced a hip fracture a day after treatment. Use of antipsychotic or antidepressant medications, pre-existing psychiatric disorder, or gender were not associated with response.

Conclusion: This study shows meaningful clinical effectiveness and good tolerability of ECT in patients with severe NPS of dementia. Furthermore, maintenance ECT was effective in sustaining treatment response.
Intelligent Assistive Technology for Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ienca Marcello , Fabrice Jotterand , Elger Bernice , Caon Maurizio , Scoccia Pappagallo Alessandro , Kressig Reto W. , Wangmo Tenzin
Published: February 2017

Intelligent assistive technologies (IATs) have the potential of offering innovative solutions to mitigate the global burden of dementia and provide new tools for dementia care. While technological opportunities multiply rapidly, clinical applications are rare as the technological potential of IATs remains inadequately translated into dementia care. In this article, the authors present the results of a systematic review and the resulting comprehensive technology index of IATs with application in dementia care. Computer science, engineering, and medical databases were extensively searched and the retrieved items were systematically reviewed. For each IAT, the authors examined their technological type, application, target population, model of development, and evidence of clinical validation. The findings reveal that the IAT spectrum is expanding rapidly in volume and variety over time, and encompasses intelligent systems supporting various assistive tasks and clinical uses. At the same time, the results confirm the persistence of structural limitations to successful adoption including partial lack of clinical validation and insufficient focus on patients’ needs. This index is designed to orient clinicians and relevant stakeholders involved in the implementation and management of dementia care across the current capabilities, applications, and limitations of IATs and to facilitate the translation of medical engineering research into clinical practice. In addition, a discussion of the major methodological challenges and policy implications for the successful and ethically responsible implementation of IAT into dementia care is provided.
The Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase C677T Polymorphism and Risk for Late-Onset Alzheimer’s disease: Further Evidence in an Italian Multicenter Study
Authors: Stoccoro Andrea , Tannorella Pierpaola , Salluzzo Maria Grazia , Ferri Raffaele , Romano Corrado , Nacmias Benedetta , Siciliano Gabriele , Migliore Lucia , Coppedè Fabio
Published: February 2017

Background: A functional polymorphism in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR) gene, namely C677T (rs1801133), results in increased Hcy levels and has been associated with risk of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD). Many investigators reported association between rs1801133 and LOAD risk in Asian populations and in carriers of the apolipoprotein E ( APOE) ɛ4 allele, but recent meta-analyses suggest a contribution also in other populations, including Caucasians and/or northern Africans.

Objective: To further address this issue, we performed a relatively large case-control study, including 581 LOAD patients and 468 matched controls of Italian origin. APOE data were available for a subgroup of almost 600 subjects.

Methods: Genotyping for rs1801133 was performed with PCR-RFLP techniques.

Results: In the total population, the MTHFR 677T allele (OR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.01–1.43) and carriers of the MTHFR 677T allele (CT+TT versus CC: OR = 1.34; 95% CI = 1.03–1.73) resulted in increased LOAD risk. Similarly, in APOE ɛ4 carriers, we observed an increased frequency of MTHFR 677CT carriers (CT versus CC: OR = 2.82; 95% CI = 1.25–6.32). Very interestingly, also in non- APOE ɛ4 carriers, both MTHFR 677T allele (OR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.03–1.85) and MTHFR 677TT genotype (OR = 2.08; 95% CI = 1.11–3.90) were associated with LOAD. All these associations survived after corrections for age, gender, and multiple testing.

Conclusions: The present results suggest that the MTHFR C677T polymorphism is likely a LOAD risk factor in our cohort, either in APOE ɛ4 or in non- APOE ɛ4 carriers.