bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phonological Variation in Pulau Rengas - Malay Dialect at Merangin District
Authors: Aditiawarman Mac , Hilda Anna
Published: August 2019

Phonology has many variants of study which could be uses as linguistic research, as well as regional language that exist in Indonesia. So it raises to interest of writer to research one of regional language around the neighborhood. It is Pulau Rengas dialect which used by Pulau Rengas people that stay at Pulau Rengas village at Bangko Barat subdistrict, Merangin regency in Jambi province.
This is a linguistic research, using descriptive methode and library research to discuss about data in a way to processing and develop it using theories, such as phonology, morphology, word formation and language change theory. The research is about change sound and phonemes that occur at Pulau Rengas dialect compare by Indonesian language. First step of writer to research Pulau Rengas dialect is collect raw data that get from informants, then grouping it. In this research, writer discuss about changes, deletion and addition phonemes in vocabularies at initial, medial and final position.
According this research, writer get formulas how the sound is changing which become something unique in Pulau Rengas dialect. The uniqueness is different way of pronounciation from the Indonesian language in the same meaning
Popova and Smirnov’s Sudden Change of Hearts as Seen in Anton Chekov’s The Bear
Authors: Reni Fetri , Sumardi Irwan
Published: August 2019

The study in this  the drama of The Bear by Anton Chekov. This drama depicts a widow and debt collector. The problem in the drama of The Bear is on personality and character changes. This research uses observation method with note-taking technique and uses interpretation in analyzing data. For this reason, the theory of Sigmund Freud's (Id, Ego, Super-ego) is used. From the results of this study the authors found the characters of Popova and Smirrnov, in which Smirnov was actually a kind, young, beautiful, and Popova who was kind, romantic but rude. The cause of the change in Popov's character is based on his loneliness and Smirnov is based on economic needs. In Psychology Smirnov's personality who wants money (Id) and Popov want to force himself to duel with Smirnov (Ego) regardless of people in the surrounding environment, especially Luka as a helper of Popov (Super-Ego) in their quarrels and unwittingly emerge a feeling of love between Popova and Smirnov and finally they fall in love.
Discourse Analysis of Hegemonic Masculinity on TV Advertisements
Authors: Astuti Amelia Yuli , Ardi Annisa Idafini
Published: August 2019

This research entitled “A Discourse Analysis of Hegemonic Masculinity on TV Advertisements” aims to identify cohesion, context and coherence when research the hegemonic masculinity on TV advertisement, identify representations of  masculinity on TV advertisement, and analyze hegemonic masculinity realized on TV advertisement.This research uses discourse analysis approach. Where, the researcher used descriptive research method, which aims to create descriptions, as well as describe the data naturally from TV advertisement about hegemonic masculinity. And in collecting data researcher use techniques see, hear and record, then classified and analyzed.In this research found 5 of  5 categories by Halliday and Hasan (1976) are:  reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction and lexical cohesion. Then 8 categories of context in advertisement according to Cook (1992) are: substance, music and picture, paralanguage, situation, a joint text, intertext, participants. Furthermore according to Reinhart (1980) that coherence is categorized into 3 categories namely: connectedness, consistency and relevant. Finally,the discovery of masculinity and hegemonic masculinity based on the concept of Connel (1995) on TV advertisement. Based on the results of this research, researcher concluded that the advertisement on TV, which where the advertisement of  male products on TV contained full of messages in the form of hegemonic masculinity in it.
Politeness Strategies Used in The Movie The Chronicles of Narnia
Authors: Aditiawarman Mac , Elba Renita Putri
Published: August 2019

This research is a pragmatic study on politeness strategies employed by the characters   in   The   chronicles   of   Narnia movie  in  the  context  of  family  discourse. This research using Brown and Levinson theory  about  the  types  of  politeness strategies. The objectives of this research are (1) To identify   the types of politeness strategies in the chronicles of Narnia movie (2). To analyze the way politeness strategies utterancesthe chronicles of Narnia movie. (3).To describe the function of the politeness strategies used in the chronicles of  Narnia movie.This research used descriptive qualitative approach. The data were in the form of utterances  which  contain  politeness strategies. The data source was The Chronicles of Narnia movie script. The data were collected by note-taking technique then they were classified and analyzed. The trustworthiness was attained by using credibility  through  two  kinds  of triangulation: by observers and theories.
STUDI INTERAKSI OBAT DAN MANIFESTASI KLINIK PADA PERESEPAN DI PUSKESMAS BONTOLEMPANGAN II KABUPATEN GOWA
Authors: Syafrin Megawati , Hikmah Nurul
Published: August 2019

Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai Studi Interaksi Obat Dan Manifestasi Klinik Pada Peresepan Di Puskesmas Bontolempangan ll Kabupaten Gowa. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui jumlah interaksi obat pada resep yang diresepkan oleh dokter di Puskesmas Bontolempangan ll Kabupaten Gowa.Penelitian ini dilakukan bersifat deskriptif dan pengambilan data dilakukan secara prospektif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Puskesmas Bontolempangan ll terdapat 50 resep (dari total 284 resep) yang memiliki potensi DDI, 12 resep yang memiliki potensi DDI kategori major, 17 resep yang memiliki potensi DDI kategori moderate, 21 resep yang memiliki potensi DDI kategori minor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa potensi DDI yang terjadi kurang dari 50% pada resep di Puskesmas Bontolempangan ll. Namun hal ini harus mendapat perhatian karena DDI memang harusnya tidak terjadi pada obat yang diberikan kepada pasien.
Halide metathesis in overdrive: mechanochemical synthesis of a heterometallic group 1 allyl complex
Authors: Koby Ross F , Rightmire Nicholas R , Schley Nathan D , Hanusa Timothy P , Brennessel William W
Published: August 2019

As a synthesis technique, halide metathesis (n RM + M'Xn → RnM' + n MX) normally relies for its effectiveness on the favorable formation of a metal halide byproduct (MX), often aided by solubility equilibria in solution. Owing to the lack of significant thermodynamic driving forces, intra-alkali metal exchange is one of the most challenging metathetical exchanges to attempt, especially when conducted without solvent. Nevertheless, grinding together the bulky potassium allyl [KA']∞ (A' = [1,3-(SiMe3)2C3H3]–) and CsI produces the heterometallic complex [CsKA'2]∞ in low yield, which was crystallographically characterized as a coordination polymer that displays site disorder of the K+ and Cs+ ions. The entropic benefits of mixed Cs/K metal centers, but more importantly, the generation of multiple intermolecular K…CH3 and Cs…CH3 interactions in [CsKA'2]∞, enable an otherwise unfavorable halide metathesis to proceed with mechanochemical assistance. From this result, we demonstrate that ball milling and unexpected solid-state effects can permit seemingly unfavored reactions to occur.
The Eurasian Dry Grassland Group – conserving grassland habitats in the Palaearctic region
Authors: Venn Stephen , Aleksanyan Alla , Ambarlı Didem , Biurrun Idoia , Dembicz Iwona , Dengler Jürgen , Kuzemko Anna , Török Peter , Vrahnakis Michael
Published: August 2019

Grassland ecosystems of Europe comprise a variety of mostly semi-natural habitats, which have developed over long periods of traditional land-use regimes, such as grazing and mowing, and they support a remarkable level of biodiversity. At some scales, the species diversity of these habitats is greater than that of tropical rain forests. Such valuable habitats are currently facing several threats, some natural but mostly anthropogenic, and many of them are threatened with extinction. The Eurasian Dry Grassland Group (EDGG, www.eddg.org) was established in 2008 by scientists, conservationists and others who are involved in the study and conservation of grassland habitats. The organization currently has 1299 members from a total of 64 countries. Since 2004, the EDGG has organized an annual scientific conference in different parts of Europe. Since 2009, the EDGG has also organized international field workshops to collect diversity data on the plant species composition of dry grasslands and related communities in understudied regions of the Palaearctic. These data are collated in the GrassPlot database and used as a resource for collaborative research. We hope to expand this initiative to also include data on arthropod taxa. The next EDGG conference will be held in Bilbao in 2020.
First complete description of nest, eggs, and nestlings of the Squamate Antbird, Myrmoderus squamosus (Aves: Thamnophilidae)
Authors: Fernandes Perrella Daniel , Piacentini Vitor Q. , Zima Paulo V.Q. , Biagolini-Jr Carlos , Ribeiro-Silva Lais , Francisco Mercival R.
Published: August 2019

Even though nest architecture has been useful for phylogenetic inferences among the Thamnophilidae (Aves: Passeriformes), the nests of only three out of five species ofMyrmoderus(Ridgway, 1909) are known to science. Here we describe the nests, eggs, and nestling of the Squamate AntbirdMyrmoderussquamosus(Pelzeln, 1868). Two nests were bulky bottom-supported cups, measuring 7.3 and 12 cm in maximum outside diameter, with a noticeably smaller egg cup, and they were placed within the crown of short, broad-leafed plants. Eggs were short-oval, with chalky white background color, and purple blotches and streaks more concentrated in the large end. One nestling was dark reddish grey, with bluish white feet, pinkish gray tarsi, and a blackish bill with bright yellow rictal flanges. In face of the great diversity of nest types found among the Thamnophilidae, we concluded that the nest ofM.squamosuswas similar to those of other congeners, giving support to this currently phylogenetically-defined genus.
Physiological Measurements for Prescribing Psychotropic Medications
Authors: Limandri Barbara J.
Published: August 2019

Prescribing for individuals with mental health problems requires a thorough initial assessment that includes extensive interviewing of the client and significant others, review of medical records, and physical appraisals, such as vital signs, laboratory tests, and electrocardiography. Arriving at a diagnosis and treatment plan includes ruling out comorbid conditions as well as medical conditions that mimic psychiatric disorders. Because substance use frequently coincides with other psychiatric disorders and has serious health consequences, this potential for misuse of substances must also be considered. The current article focuses on the physiological assessments necessary for prescribing and monitoring psychotropic medications. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 57
(8), 7–10.]
Investigation of contrast ratio dependence on the angular deviation of the laser beam direction from the optical axis of Pockels cells based on the beta barium borate crystal
Authors: Sinkevičius Giedrius , Baškys Algirdas
Published: August 2019

Dependences of the contrast ratio on the angular deviation of the optical axis with a step of 2 arcmin 28 arcsec have been obtained for Pockels cells based on beta barium borate crystals in the 49 arcmin 34 arcsec range. The investigation was conducted for a single Pockels cell and for a double cell based on optically aligned crystals. The results of investigations can be applied for the calculation of the laser beam focus in order to use a high contrast ratio in high-power laser systems when the light is modulated using Q-switching.
Peculiarities of charge carrier relaxation in grain boundary of gadolinium-doped ceria ceramics
Authors: Kazlauskas Saulius , Kazakevičius Edvardas , Žalga Artûras , Daugėla Saulius , Kežionis Algimantas
Published: August 2019

Two different gadolinium-doped ceria ceramics are prepared from two different powders, one commercially available synthesised by solid state reaction and another produced by tartaric acid assisted sol–gel synthesis. The specimens have a different microstructure, while the XRD patterns of powders showed a pure cubic fluorite structure without any impurity phase. The electrical properties are studied at frequencies up to 10 GHz by combining broadband 2-electrode and 4-electrode impedance spectroscopy methods. Primary electrical measurements showed that the values of grain conductivity and its activation energies for both ceramics were nearly the same. However, due to different contributions of the grain boundary mediums, total conductivities and their activation energies are found to be considerably different. The advantage of the 4-electrode method allowed us to measure the pure electrical response of grain boundaries, bypassing any interferences caused by interfacial impedance. By using these data, the temperature behaviour of distribution of relaxation times in the grain boundary is studied. A broadening of this distribution with increasing temperature is found for both specimens, contrary to a previously observed phenomenon in the grain of oxygen ion conductive ceramics and single crystals. It is shown that, supposing individual relaxation times behave according to the Arrhenius law, both activation energy and pre-exponential factor must be distributed.
On a (pseudo)holographic nature of the SYK-like models
Authors: Khveshchenko Dmitri V.
Published: August 2019

Some generalizations of the Sachdev–Ye–Kitaev (SYK) model and diﬀerent patterns of their reparametrization symmetry breaking are discussed. The analysis of such (pseudo)holographic systems relates their generalized onedimensional Schwarzian dynamics to (quasi) two-dimensional Liouvillian quantum mechanics. As compared to the original SYK case, the latter might be dissipative or have discrete states in its spectrum, either of which properties alters thermodynamics and correlations while preserving the underlying SL(2, R) symmetry.
Efficient partnership formation in networks
Authors: Bloch Francis , Dutta Bhaskar , Manea Mihai
Published: August 2019

We analyze the formation of partnerships in social networks. Players need favors at random times and ask their neighbors in the network to form exclusive long‐term partnerships that guarantee reciprocal favor exchange. Refusing to provide a favor results in the automatic removal of the underlying link. Players agree to provide the first favor in a partnership only if they otherwise face the risk of eventual isolation. In equilibrium, players essential for realizing every maximum matching can avoid this risk and enjoy higher payoffs than inessential players. Although the search for partners is decentralized and reflects local partnership opportunities, the strength of essential players drives efficient partnership formation in every network. Equilibrium behavior is determined by the classification of nodes in the Gallai–Edmonds decomposition of the underlying network.
Implementation of the Analytic Hierarchy Process for Student Profile Analysis
Authors: Sael Nawal , Hamim Touria , Benabbou Faouzia
Published: August 2019

Data science is the discipline that allows the exploration and analysis of data in order to extract useful and relevant information for decision making and problem solving. In the educational domain, human experiences need to be synthesized in order to improve the success rate and help the responsible to make the best informed decision. Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP) is one of the most widely used multi-criteria analysis techniques in decision making. It allows building models for various problems even in the case of insufficient observation data.

This paper aims to, benefit from the potentials of AHP technique, to analyze students’ profiles. Our objective is to detect and classify the most important fac-tors that increase Moroccan student dropout and failure. We expect that this study is the first one that explores AHP, studying the Moroccan context and describing student profiles depending on variant criteria. It reveals, on the one hand, that Moroccan student failure is strongly related to their family and behavioral characteristics. Indeed, lack of motivation, family instability and lack of responsibility are the top three factors causing failure at the university. On the other hand, student dropout is strongly related to studying context, namely the lack of orientation and repeated failures in modules. These findings will enable the decision makers to develop adequate solutions to overcome these two scourges.
College English Education Platform Based on Browser/Server Structure and Flipped Classroom
Authors: Li Yuanbo , Qu Chenhui
Published: August 2019

The English proficiency of Chinese college students is mainly constrained by their low interest in English learning. The English educators in Chinese colleges must improve the initiative of their students to learn English. This paper attempts to create a college English teaching platform based on computer networking technology. Taking flipped classroom as the theoretical basis of college English education, the author introduced the concept and development of flipped classroom, and verified the feasibility of applying the theory in English teaching. To provide the media for flipped classroom, a college English teaching platform was built on the browser/server (B/S) structure, and used to promote the information-based English teaching in colleges. The functional modules and main interfaces of the platform were illustrated one by one. The flipped classroom-based B/S teaching platform was adopted for one semester by a college in Hunan Province. The class using this platform was taken as the test group, and another class without using the platform as the control group. The English scores of the two groups were compared, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed platform. Our research demonstrates the value of flipped classroom, and the proposed teaching platform helps improve the efficiency of college English teaching.
Improved Direct Routing Approach for Mobile IP Systems
Authors: Alshahrani Ali
Published: August 2019

The mobile IP communication protocol is a flexible system for mobile connection that is designed to allow the device to be moved between networks while maintaining a permanent IP address. IP datagrams using mobile IP can be routed to a specific mobile station (MS) regardless of its current internet location. However, to facilitate such routable characteristics, the communication with an MS that is visiting a foreign network is intermediate with communication between the home agent (HA) and the foreign agent (FA) which increase the total delay and harms the communication performance, especially when the MS continuously moves from a network to another. Accordingly, to handle the delay issue, this paper proposes a new approach for mobile IP direct routing, based on the “follow-me” principle. The proposed approach depends on sending a new temporary care-of-address (CoA) for the previously visited network as the MS moves to another to keep a reliable tracking–like process with the HA. Accordingly, the agents of all the visited networks play the same principles as the HA role whenever the MS moves from a network to another. The proposed approach influences the delay and the speed of the delivery of internet packets. The simulation showed that the proposed method decreases the delay by up to 50% compared to the direct routing approach. 
Princípios metodológicos para o ensino da Educação Física: o início de um consenso
Authors: Batista Cleyton , Moura Diego Luz
Published: August 2019

O debate sobre métodos de ensino no campo da Educação Física escolar ainda é escasso na literatura brasileira. Aliado a isso, as poucas produções existentes estão diluídas em diferentes matrizes teóricas, dificultando as discussões sobre o tema. Por consequência, a falta de consenso é uma das principais problemáticas envolvendo o ensino. Assim, o presente artigo teve por objetivo analisar as contribuições da produção acadêmica sobre métodos de ensino em Educação Física escolar. Realizamos uma Revisão de Literatura nos 7 principais periódicos nacionais sobre o tema, entre os anos de 2004 e 2014. Foram selecionados artigos originais, de revisão e ensaio que abordavam a temática ensino da Educação Física na escola, totalizando 79 artigos. A análise das produções buscou levantar as propostas sobre métodos de ensino, independente do referêncial teórico utilizado como base pelos autores. Como resultados, categorizamos os apontamos da área em 11 Princípios Metodológicos sobre ensino: Interação; Contextualização; Dimensões dos conteúdos; Valorização das Experiências dos alunos; Diversidade de vivências; Problematização; Autonomia e Criatividade; Ludicidade; Compreensão e Transferência de Habilidades; Modificação estrutural do conteúdo; Utilização de recursos tecnológicos. A construção de tais Princípios é fundamental para o início de um consenso sobre como ensinar nas aulas de Educação Física escolar.
Thermodynamic Optimization and Calculation of the LaCl3-CaCl2 System
Authors: Wang Yu , Wu Yun , Yang Jie , Xie Jin Song , Yin Qi Yi
Published: August 2019

A thermodynamic evaluation of the binary LaCl3-CaCl2 system was carried out by using CALPHAD method. The Modified Quasihelical Model was defined in order to describe the Gibbs energies of the liquid phases, and the model parameters were optimized from the experimental thermodynamic and phase diagram data. The phase diagram and the enthalpy of mixing of LaCl3-CaCl2 liquid were calculated. For LaCl3-CaCl2, a calculated eutectic point was observed at 924.82 K, 34.8 mol. % LaCl3. The calculated enthalpy of mixing is exothermic, the minimum was found at approximately 30 mol. % LaCl3. The thermodynamic properties and the phase diagram calculated from the optimized parameters agree well with the experimental data.
Study on the Influence of Inertia Effect in Dynamic Splitting Test of Concrete
Authors: Chen Zhen Fu , Liu Pan
Published: August 2019

A group of concrete spilitting tensile test was carried out by using the drop test machine Studying on the inertial effect on the dynamic tensile strength of concrete under different working conditions. The result show:with the increase of the drop height and quailty, peak load, loading rate of the concrete are increasing gradually.peak load of the test group is slightly higher than control group, The inertia effect has a certain influence on the dynamic tensile strength of concrete.
Research on the Influence of the Stiffening Plates on the Stress of Hold Hoop of Bent Cap
Authors: Tian Qin , Hang Cheng Hao , Zou Yun Peng , Wan Zi Xin
Published: August 2019

In order to improve the mechanical behaviour of bridge steel hoops, the plate shell finite element models of several steel hoops were established by using the general finite element software ABAQUS. Through changing the structural parameters of the stiffening plates, the influence of the stiffening plates on the mechanical properties of the steel hoops was explored. The calculation results show that the stress distribution at both ends of the steel hoop is uneven and there is a phenomenon of stress concentration. The spacing of stiffening plates has great influence on the mechanical properties of steel hoop. Some measures to improve the mechanical properties of steel hoop are given.
Performance Evaluation of Thermal Spraying Coatings Based on Microstructure
Authors: Guan Ning , Yuan Xiao Jing , Chen Xiao Hu , Zhang Xian Yu
Published: August 2019

At present, the performance evaluation of thermal spraying coating mainly depends on experimental test and numerical calculation, but due to the limitation of error and algorithm, neither of the two algorithms can effectively satisfy the effective evaluation of thermal spraying performance. In this paper, taking WC/Co coating as an example, a new method for calculating the performance parameters of thermal spraying coatings is proposed, that is, the finite element model and the analysis model of coating parameters are established for the microstructure of the coatings under different magnification, respectively. By calculating the basic performance parameters of the coatings, the macro performance parameters of the thermal spraying coatings are obtained, so that the performance of the coatings can be evaluated.
Emission Spectroscope Diagnostics of Direct Current Plasma Jets Used for YSZ Equiaxed Structure Coatings
Authors: Sun Cheng Qi , An Lian Tong , Gao Yan
Published: August 2019

This study combines spectroscope diagnostics of the plasma jet under APS and the characterization of sprayed coatings by using nanoparticles yttria partially stabilized zirconia (YSZ) powder. The absolute intensities of ArⅠneutral species spectrum lines were used to estimate the electron excited temperature of the thermal plasma jets by the Boltzmann method. The effects of the detection distances, current intensities and H2 flow rates on electron temperature were analyzed. The plasma sprayed YSZ coatings were heated to 1200°C for 6 min under the atmosphere, and then the micro-structure of the nanostructured powder and coatings were analyzed by using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope. The results showed that the increase of input power and H2 content considerably increased the electron temperature, while the electron temperature decreased a lot with the increase of the detection distance. The coatings were consisted of the equiaxed grains and a small-size grain shape pores.
Microstructures and Kinetics of Tungsten Coating Deposited by Chemical Vapor Transport
Authors: Wang Fang , Hao Yun Peng , Yu Xiao Dong , Nie Zhi Hua , Zhao Xiu Chen , Tan Chen Wen , Wang Fu Chi , Wang Zhan Wei , Peng Li Pei , Zheng Jian Ping , Cai Hong Nian
Published: August 2019

Chemical vapor transport deposition (CVTD) is an effective method for preparing large tungsten coatings for space thermionic reactors. In this study, a high-density, high-work-function polycrystalline tungsten coating was prepared using a WCl6 transport agent in a concentric tube-type closed transport system. The relationship between the kinetics and the microstructures of the CVTD polycrystalline tungsten coating at the substrate temperature of 1593 K-1793 K and system pressure of 15.93 Pa-106.8 Pa was studied, which provided a basis for the preparation of high-quality tungsten coatings. At a low temperature or a low pressure, the activation energy was approximately 2 kJ/mol, the deposition rate was almost independent of the temperature changes, and the control mechanism was mass transport limited. The tungsten coating had nodules on the surface with pores in the grain boundaries and grew preferentially along <111>. At a high temperature and a high pressure, the apparent activation energy was approximately 90 kJ/mol, the value of order was approximately 1, and the control mechanism in this process range was surface limited. The tungsten coating exhibited a hexagonal pyramidal structure, and the growth direction was preferred along <110>. The average work function of the tungsten coating prepared at a temperature of 1673 K and a system pressure of 106.80 Pa was as high as 5.20 eV.
High Temperature Wear Resistance of Cobalt-Based Cladding Layer Surfacing on H13 Steel
Authors: Zhou Zi Li , Yuan Wu Hua , Fang Tie Hui , Fu Qiang
Published: August 2019

In order to improve the wear resistance of H13 steel, a layer of cobalt-based cladding layer was deposited on the surface of H13 steel by plasma transfer arc welding technology. High-temperature wear test was carried out on H13 steel and cladding layer under 300N loading force, and the two materials were ground at different temperatures with 300M steel. The experimental results show that under 300N loading force, the wear resistance of the cladding layer and H13 steel decreases first and then increases with the increase of temperature, which is related to the softening and oxidation of the material. At 350°C,the material softens and the oxide layer fails to entirely cover the wear surface, so the wear resistance of the cladding layer and H13 steel is lowered. At 500°C and 650°C, the wear surface is covered by a dense oxide layer, which protects the surface of the material from direct wear. The higher the temperature is, the thicker the oxide layer is and the better the protection effect is. At various experimental temperature, the wear resistance of the cladding layer is better than that of H13 steel. The surfacing of a cobalt-based cladding layer on the surface of H13 can improve the wear resistance of H13 steel.
Comparison of Routine and Computer-Guided Glucose Management for Glycemic Control in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Canbolat Ozlem , Kapucu Sevgisun , Kilickaya Oguz
Published: August 2019

Background

Glycemic control is crucial for reducing morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. A standardized approach to glycemic control using a computer-guided protocol may help maintain blood glucose level within a target range and prevent human-induced medical errors.

Objective

To determine the effectiveness of a computer-guided glucose management protocol for glycemic control in intensive care patients.

Methods

This controlled, open-label implementation study involved 66 intensive care patients: 33 in the intervention group and 33 in the control group. The blood glucose level target range was established as 120 to 180 mg/dL. The control group received the clinic’s routine glycemic monitoring approach, and the intervention group received monitoring using newly developed glycemic control software. At the end of the study, nurse perceptions and satisfaction were determined using a questionnaire.

Results

The rates of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia were lower and the blood glucose level was more successfully maintained in the target range in the intervention group than in the control group (P < .001). The time to achieve the target range was shorter and less insulin was used in the intervention group than in the control group (P < .05). Nurses reported higher levels of satisfaction with the computerized protocol, which they found to be more effective and reliable than routine clinical practice.

Conclusions

The computerized protocol was more effective than routine clinical practice in achieving glycemic control. It was also associated with higher nurse satisfaction levels.
The Rising Problem of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms in Intensive Care Units
Authors: Riley May Mei-Sheng
Published: August 2019

Because of antimicrobial overuse and misuse, the issue of multidrug-resistant organisms has been increasingly significant. Multidrug-resistant organism infection is of extreme concern in critical care patients. Infections with these organisms are difficult to treat because of the elevated rate of antimicrobial therapy failure. Such infections are linked to high mortality, poor prognosis, prolonged hospital stays, and increased medical expenses. Nineteen percent of patients with intensive care unit stays of greater than 24 hours acquire infections. Critically ill patients have risk factors that make them susceptible to infections. Critical care nurses must implement infection prevention interventions. Infection control strategies can be categorized as vertical or horizontal. Vertical approaches target a single pathogen; horizontal approaches are nonspecific. Infection control practice compliance is vital to prevent transmission of multidrug-resistant organisms through cross-contamination. This article discusses the severity of multidrug-resistant organism infection, risk factors, and infection prevention strategies in critical care settings.
Tweede Hoofstuk
Authors: Dreyer P.S.
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
Preface
Authors: Van Aarde Andries
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
The acoustic reflex at a 1000 Hz probe freqeuncy: Phasor and Vector Analysis
Authors: Ferguson Judy , Reynolds Louise
Published: August 2019

Phasor plots of reflex growth functions have been inconclusive concerning the effect of the reflex for mass dominated ears. The present study aimed to establish whether vector plots clarified the effects of the reflex for phasors not showing a clear circular shape. Measured admittance data (ipsilateral reflexes across a wide intensity range) was represented as both phasor diagrams and converted to impedance quantities, represented as vectors. The results analysed for 34 ears showed few unclassifiable phasor diagrams. In addition, all growth functions showed increased stiffness on vector analysis. Resistance changes appeared to be variable. The results suggest that vector diagrams may be a useful way of representing data that is not clearly represented via phasor diagrams. The current study, however, does not clarify the pattern for mass dominated ears.
Antisiperende labiale koartikulasie: 'n Elektromiografiese studie by Afrikaanssprekendes
Authors: Theron Karen , Van der Merwe Anita , Baker Malcom
Published: August 2019

Die verskynsel van antisiperende labiale koartikulasie word bestudeer om inligting te bekom aangaande die motoriese beplanning van spraak deur die brein. Die doel van die studie is om inligting te bekom in verband met die temporale omvang van antisiperende labiale koartikulasie, die verloop van koartikulasie vir uitinge wat bestaan mt twee geronde vokale geskei deur'n nie-labiale konsonant en laastens die effek van 'n woordgrens op die aanvang van koartikulasie by normale Afrikaanssprekende volwassenes. Die metode het bestaan uit die opname van elektromiografiese aktiwiteit vanaf Musculus Orbicularis Oris met'n bipolere konsentriese naaldelektrode. Die resultate dui daarop dat antisiperende labiale koartikulasie wel voorkom en dat die aanvang van lipronding toenemend vroeer intree namate die duur van die konsonantstring wat die geronde vokaal voorafgaan toeneem. By die ondersoek van antisiperende labiale koartikulasie in uitings wat bestaan uit twee geronde vokale wat deur'n nie-labiale konsonant geskei word, is gevind dat twee pieke van elektromiografiese aktiwiteit met 'n duidelike afname in aktiwiteit tussen die pieke voorkom. Laastens is gevind dat antisiperende labiale koartikulasie oor woordgrense kan voorkom. Die resultate word bespreek aan die hand van verskillende teoretiese modelle van spraakproduksie wat poog om die verskynsel van antisiperende labiale koartikulasie te verklaar.
Place pitch discrimination and speech recognition in cochlear implants users
Authors: Hanekom Johan J. , Shannon Robert V.
Published: August 2019

The considerable variability in speech perception performance among cochlear implant patients makes it difficult to compare the effectiveness of different speech processing strategies. One result is that optimal individualized processor parameter setting is not always achieved. This paper investigates the relationship between place pitch discrimination ability and speech perception to establish whether pitch ranking could be used as an aid in better patient-specific fitting of processors. Three subjects participated in this study. Place pitch discrimination ability was measured and this information was used to design new channel to electrode allocations for each subject. Several allocations were evaluated with speech tests with consonant, vowel and sentence material. It is shown that there is correlation between the perceptual pitch distance between electrodes and speech perception performance. The results indicate that pitch ranking ability might be used both as an indicator of  the speech perception potential of an implant user and in the choice of better electrode configurations.
Speech-language evaluation of closed head injured subjects in South Africa: Cultural applicability and ecological validity of a test battery
Authors: Watt Nola , Penn Claire , Jones Dilys
Published: August 2019

This paper addresses the communicative outcome of a group of closed head injured (CHI) subjects in South Africa. Communicative outcome is evaluated on one test battery currently used for medico-legal assessments in South Africa. It was found that a number of the tests were sensitive to breakdown in this sample, but that the demographic factors of first language and pre-injury education significantly affected performance on some tests. Many test performances were significantly related to return to work, thus confirming the importance of communicative skills in the workplace, and the speech-language pathologist's role in vocational assessment and rehabilitation.
An exploratory study of an undefined acquired neuromotor speech disorder within the context of the four level framework for speech sensorimotor control
Authors: Schmulian Dunay , Van der Merwe Anita , Groenewald Emily
Published: August 2019

In this study, the speech of a 28-year-old male with acquired brain injury and who presents with an undefined neuromotor speech disorder which cannot be categorised as either apraxia of speech or dysarthria, is described. Voice onset time, vowel duration, utterance duration and vowel formant analyses were done acoustically. A perceptual analysis and intelligibility rating were also executed. The subject was found to present with unique perceptual symptoms, intelligible speech, prolonged sound duration and distorted vowel quality. The results are interpreted within the context of the Four Level Framework of Speech Sensorimotor Control (Van der Merwe, 1997).
The curriculum of practice: A conceptual framework for speech-language therapy and audiology practice with a Black African first language clientele
Authors: Pillay Mershen , Kathard Harsha , Samuel Micheal A.
Published: August 2019

This paper discusses the use of a conceptual framework (i.e., the curriculum of practice)to guide the transformation of professional practice toward equitable service provision, rooted in a research finding that South African Speech-Language Therapy & Audiology has a favourable service bias toward White English/ Afrikaans first language speakers (Pillay, 1997b). Three perspectives of practice are discussed, i.e.,the official, espoused and actual perspectives. Also, the various elements of practice are reviewed, and include clinical practice activities, resources and their utilization, professional education curricular and professional policies. It is asserted that re-constructing the profession's knowledge base in a presently (1996-) transforming South Africa, mostly requires the use of a critical (versus, for e.g., a scientific) paradigm.
Jong kinders se gebruik van kommunikasiefunksies vóór en ná kogleêre inplanting
Authors: Kaltenbrünn Inge , Louw Brenda , Hugo René
Published: August 2019

Hierdie artikel beskryf vyf jong kinders met kogleêre inplantings se gebruik van kommunikasiefunksies, in 'n poging om die invloed van die kinders se vroeë intensionele kommunikasiegedrag op hulle individuele kommunikasievaardighede ná kogleêre inplanting te ondersoek. Video-opnames van elk van die vyf  deelnemers in ongestruktureerde vryespelinteraksie met hulle versorgers, vóór kogleêre inplanting en twaalf en agtien maande ná kogleêre inplanting, is gebruik om die aard en die voorkoms van hulle kommunikasiefunksies oor tyd te identifiseer. Die Communicative Intention Inventory (Coggins & Carpenter,  1981) is gebruik om die kommunikatiewe gedrag van die deelnemers te klassifiseer volgens die soorte kommunikasiefunksies wat gebruik is. Resultate van die ondersoek toon dat die aard en die voorkoms van die  kommunikasiefunksies merkbaar voor en ná kogleêre inplanting verskil het en die deelnemers se toenemende bevoegdheid om aan gespreksinteraksie deel te neem, gedemonstreer het. Individuele verskille tussen die deelnemers in hulle gebruik van heuristiese en informatiewe kommunikasiefunksies het moontlik 'n verklaring gebied vir die voorkoms van interklientvariasie in tempo van verbale kommunikasie-ontwikkeling  ná kogleêre inplanting. Die resultate word as betekenisvol beskou in die kliniese besluitnemingsproses met betrekking tot die kogleêre-inplantingkandidaatskap van jong kinders onder die ouderdom van drie jaar met 'n ernstige gehoorverlies en hulle terapeutiese bantering. Die resultate dra ook by tot die identifisering van 'n objektiewe vroee kommunikasie evalueringsprotokol vir jong kinders met 'n ernstige gehoorverlies in 'n prelinguistiese stadium van taalontwikkeling.
A single case study of the communication development of a high-risk neonate, from birth to discharge from a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)
Authors: McInroy Althea , Kritzinger Alta
Published: August 2019

Since preterm and low birth weight infants display a high-risk for communication disorders or delays, the Neonatal Intensive Care (NICU) provides the earliest opportunity where family-centered early communication intervention (ECI) services can be initiated. Extensive knowledge about high-risk neonates exists, but there appears to be limited knowledge about the emergence of early communication skills in these neonates. The aim of the study was to provide a systematic description of the successive communication developmental steps of a high-risk neonate on a weekly basis, from birth to discharge from a NICU, in order to guide further research on a larger scale. An Α-type single case study design was used to collect prospective data over 14 sessions during the participant's 51-day stay in the NICU. Using a comprehensive data-collection protocol, rich data sets were gleaned over time. The results are described as a chronology of events contributing to the participant's risk status and influencing his early communication development. The successive emergence the different components of language skills in the participant provided new insights into the communication development of a preterm neonate and should be further investigated. An ECI programme and guidelines for implementation in the NICU are discussed as a treatment option.
Profiles of outpatient speech-language therapy audiology clients at a tertiary hospital in the Western Cape
Authors: Overett Wendy , Kathard Harsha
Published: August 2019

This study described trends in the demographic, diagnostic, and attendance variables of first-time clients who attended the Speech-Language Therapy and Audiology outpatient department (OPD) at a tertiary hospital in the Western Cape over a five-year period (1999-2003). A retrospective, descriptive survey was conducted and data were collected from hospital records. The data were coded, analysed descriptively and represented in tables, figures and graphs. The diagnostic categories of hearing loss and voice disorder made up the highest percentage of referrals. The largest percentages of clients were referred from the Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Department at the study hospital, followed by the education sector. Demographic trends indicated that the highest percentage of clients attending the OPD was in the age category of 7-12 years, that similar percentages of male and female clients attended the OPD, and that English was the language that a client was most likely to speak. Geographically, the highest percentage of clients attending the OPD was from the Klipfontein region. Attendance data revealed that approximately 70% of clients attended OPD appointments within a three-month time period and attended no more than two appointments. Percentage of appointments attended decreased with increasing numbers of scheduled appointments. Implications for research and service delivery are discussed.
From pillars to posts: Some reflections on Community Service six years on
Authors: Penn Claire , Mupawose Anniah , Stein Jennifer
Published: August 2019

Speech-Language Therapy and Audiology graduates have worked in Community Service for 6 years. An evaluation of the impact of this strategy is now seen as important. In this discussion paper we report on the content and process of feedback sessions with 132 graduates from the University of the Witwatersrand during their community service placements from 2003-2008. Experiences and perceptions of these graduates are discussed in relation to a model as well as in relation to additional research conducted with our profession and other Community Service professions. Themes discussed include professional and technical issues, systemic and managerial issues, interpersonal issues and ethical issues. Perceptions on the adequacy of training are also described. The overall goals of Community Service are considered as well as indices for measuring success. Implications are considered for training institutions, for the Department of Health and for the profession.
Neosynthesis in economic theory
Authors: Kellik V.
Published: August 2019

The large-scale transition from the system of (real) socialism to that of (mixed) capitalism was launched in central and eastern Europe in 1989, followed by the erstwhile republics of the USSR two years later. These developments also served to open the previously closed book of socialist economics to objective study and research. Much has been written on the subject by economists on both sides of the one-time iron curtain. But what are the impressions of an insider looking out'?  It may come as a surprise that he might view the theoretical foundations of the market economy with serious misgivings.
Causes of bankruptcy amongst maize and extensive beef farmers in South Africa: 1970-1994
Authors: Swanepoel D. S. , Ortmann G. F. , Darroch M. A.G.
Published: August 2019

The number of maize farms and extensive beef farms annually declared bankrupt in South Africa rose sharply over the period 1970 to 1994. Principal components regression confirmed a priori expectations that maize farm and extensive beef farm bankruptcies were negatively related to annual rainfall (business risk factor), but positively related to the lagged aggregate farm debt/asset ratio and lagged real interest rates (financial risk factors). Maize farm bankruptcies also increased as lagged real maize and beef producer prices fell (business risk factors). Beef farm bankruptcies rose with lower lagged real beef producer prices and higher lagged real stockfeed subsidies and transport rebates (business risk factors). Part of the rise in maize and extensive beef farms failures between 1970 and 1994 can therefore be ascribed to changed agricultural price and macroeconomic policies
Portability of the job involvement and job satisfaction constructs between the United States of America and South Africa
Authors: Boshoff A. B. , Hoole C.
Published: August 2019

The notion of portability of constructs measured by psychometric instruments is introduced. Psychometric investigations by means of Principal Components Analyses, Item Analyses and calculation of Cronbach Alpha on the items of two generally used instruments are described. The results indicate that the constructs measured by the Kanungo Job Involvement Questionnaire and the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire as well as the instruments themselves seem to be robust as far as portability between the Unites States of America and South Africa is concerned.
The 1994 ICPD in Cairo: Draconian measures vs. the empowerment of women
Authors: Horner Jim , Taylor Wagiha
Published: August 2019

Respect for the environment, concerns about population, and the drive toward an efficient and equitable resource allocation are important elements in a relevant and ethical study of economics. Serious problems arise, however, whenever attempts at social control are masked as environmental science and population economics. This paper suggests that economic progress, democracy, and the empowerment of women, better address global problems than do draconian measures.