bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AN OVERVIEW OF CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES AS DRUG CARRIERS
Authors: Jain Dr. B.K. , Singh Dr. Ankita Alice , Sahu Dr. Kaminee , Kohli Dr. Seema
Published: June 2024

Many traditional diseases may have greater potential if new drug delivery methods are developed. Chitosan has been preferred as a drug delivery vehicle due to its beneficial properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, non-immunogenicity, non-carcinogenicity and antibacterial ability. In addition, it has attracted great interest as a new drug delivery method because it is widely used in the transport of protein, gene and antibody drugs, as well as in many ways such as mouth, nose, urine, injection. The second most abundant polysaccharide after cellulose is chitosan, which is abundant in nature. Chitin can be produced by partial deacetylation in alkaline solution. Chitosan is good and absorbs well. The most important feature of chitosan is that it can easily combine with substances such as glutaraldehyde, tripolyphosphate and polyaspartic acid sodium salt to form nanoparticles that can dissolve in macromolecules with a pH value below 6.5. Most organic acidic solutions.
TISSUE ENGINEERING: CURRENT STATUS, CHALLENGES AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: Dominikal A. Maria Antony , Subavathy P. , Gomathy S. , Chitra K. , Priya P. Kaviya
Published: June 2024

Artificial organs or organ transplantation are the first options when tissues or organs have been so severely damaged or lost due to cancer, congenital anomaly, or trauma that conventional pharmaceutical treatments are no longer effective. "Tissue Engineering is an interdisciplinary field that applies the principles of engineering and life sciences towards the development of biological substitutes that restore, maintain, or improve tissue function or a whole organ". Tissue engineering is a promising topic that has arisen as a method to encourage, direct, and stimulate tissues' innate potential for regeneration and to help tissues regain function and structure in situations where spontaneous healing is unlikely to occur. Tissue engineering often involves the use of cells placed on tissue scaffolds in the formation of new viable tissue for a medical purpose, but is not limited to applications involving cells and tissue scaffolds. When it was once categorized as sub field of biomaterials, having grown in scope and importance, it can is considered as a field of its own. For tissue engineering, cells, a scaffold, and growth agents are essential. While cells create new tissue matrix, a scaffold offers the right conditions for cells to successfully carry out their tasks. Growth factors have the ability to assist and encourage cells to renew new tissue. There are still many important problems in regenerative medicine that need to be resolved, despite the extensive research that has been done to regenerate different tissues. including the cell source, the way the scaffold was built, how the cells were seeded, the culture environment, the caliber of the matrix produced, the mechanical characteristics of the cell-scaffold construct, and the appropriate animal models.
BACTERIOPHAGE: A NOVEL TOOL FOR THE ERADICATION OF BIOFILM\
Authors: Singh Dr. Ankita Alice , Kohli Dr. Seema , Jain Dr. B. K.
Published: June 2024

Biofilms are communities of organisms associated with biotic or abiotic surfaces and encapsulated in extracellular polymers. They form on biotic and abiotic surfaces, including human tissues and medical devices, posing a serious threat to chronic diseases. In addition, current antibiotics and disinfectants have limited ability to completely remove biofilms. In this review, the authors provide an overview of bacterial biofilm formation and its properties, burden, and phage evolution. In addition, recently, phages and phage-derived enzymes used to attack bacteria in the biofilm process have been described. According to the results, it can be concluded that although phages and phage-derived products have been used successfully to break down biofilms, they are often not sufficient to destroy all bacteria. However, combining phage and/or phage-derived products with other antibiotics, including antibiotics, nanoparticles, and antibiotic peptides, would be an effective way to remove biofilms from medical devices and treat their infectious diseases.
RECENT ADVANCES IN POST HARVEST PRACTICES IN LITCHI
Authors: Mansingh Soumyashree
Published: June 2024

Litchi (Litchi chinensis) is a tropical and sub-tropical fruit highly valued for its unique flavor, nutritional richness, and medicinal properties. Post-harvest practices play a crucial role in maintaining the fruit's quality, extending its shelf life, and enhancing market competitiveness. This abstract provides a concise overview of recent advances in post-harvest technologies and practices applied to litchi. In the field of horticulture numerous types of fruits are cultivated such as litchi fruits, are typically removed using 'handpicking' techniques from various positions on the individual fruit trees. The fact that large-scale fruit harvesting remains both ineffective and costly is widely recognized. In order to reduce physiological and biochemical changes in litchi fruit, recent research has concentrated on improving post-harvest handling, storage, and transportation techniques. By regulating respiration rates, minimizing weight loss, and postponing senescence, advances in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), controlled atmosphere storage (CAS), and low-temperature storage have demonstrated encouraging outcomes in maintaining litchi quality. In India, litchi is among the most cherished fruits. Economic value of litchi harvesting techniques has also been covered in this review. Many litchi- based goods have been described, including litchi juice, canned litchi, litchi RTS, litchi honey, litchi wine, and healthful litchi cocktails. Litchi handling methods, storage options, and export prospects have all been covered. Reducing postharvest litchi losses effectively emphasizes the integration of pre- harvest cultivation, postharvest handling processes, cold chain management, and the creation of value-added products. In this review, we have focused on a few of the goods that have been and still need to be commercialised.
ROLE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN HORTICULTURAL CROPS
Authors: Singh Anushka , Kerketta Saurav Sheetal , Kushwaha Akhilesh , Singh Sumit
Published: June 2024

Biotechnology has a significant role in transforming horticultural crops, offering innovative solutions to enhance crop productivity, quality, and sustainability. One of the key contributions of biotechnology in horticulture is the development of efficient micropropagation techniques. This method allows for the rapid clonal propagation of elite horticultural varieties, ensuring the production of disease-free and genetically uniform plants on a large scale. Genetic improvement through biotechnology is another significant aspect of horticultural crop development. Techniques such as genetic engineering and marker-assisted breeding enable the incorporation of desirable traits into horticultural crops. These traits may include enhanced disease resistance, extended shelf life, improved flavour, and increased nutritional content, ultimately benefitting both growers and consumers. Biotechnology has facilitated the creation of transgenic horticultural crops with specific genetic modifications, conferring resistance to pests, diseases, and adverse environmental conditions. Overall, the role of biotechnology in horticultural crops is integral to advancing agricultural practices, improving crop productivity and quality, and contributing to sustainable and environmentally conscious approaches in horticulture.
AI & ML IN MEDICINE
Authors: Kulshrestha Rajat , Priya V G Shanmuga , Awasthi Shruti , Prasad Rama Chandra , M S Sheeja
Published: June 2024

The sudden explosion in computational techniques and consequent enhancement of the ability to deal with Big data has led to revolution in the traditional approach to all knowledge- based professions. Medical profession has been following these developments, leading to paradigm shift in the way modern medicine is practised. The processes of diagnostics, therapeutics and even health care delivery have been revolutionized, just in time to cope with the challenges posed by COVID-19. In this chapter, the multifaceted applications of Artificial Intelligence in the field of medicine are explored, shedding light on its immense transformational potential. Machine learning algorithms are being increasingly employed in processing the huge clinical datasets to discover characteristic patterns and have shown promise in predicting patient outcomes accurately. The applications of AI in the fields of Image analysis hold potential to empower radiologists in rapid detection of anomalies in X rays, CT scans, and MRI scans. Natural Language Processing abilities of AI have not only reduced the administrative burdens on doctors, but have also simplified data extraction from Electronic Health Records (EHRs), benefiting students as well as researchers, in addition to their intended use in record-keeping and billing. Further evolution of AI and its impending integration into modern medicine offers a unique an opportunity for medical practitioners, researchers and policymakers navigating the dynamic realms of innovation in healthcare.
A REVIEW ON POMEGRANATE BIOLOGY AND ETHNO-MEDICINAL APPLICATION
Authors: Mandal Sutapa , Ghosh Tuhin
Published: June 2024

The Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is an old edible fruit that is available in the market almost throughout the year and has remained the same with time. About 10,000 years ago with the discovery of agriculture, the first report of the cultivation of the fruit was from Egypt. It was also grown in the Indus Valley so early that pomegranate has a Sanskrit nomenclature. Now, pomegranate is cultivated in subtropical and tropical areas in much-changing weather throughout the world. The pomegranate has charming biochemistry, and different classes of compounds found in it have been discussed in this study. Its importance lies mostly in its medicinal, nutritional and ornamental properties and its high applications in food and industrial sector. In addition to the basic biology of the plant, the phytochemicals extracted from the different parts of it and their bioactivity has been briefly described in this study.
ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AND UPCOMING DNA VACCINE - A NEW CONCERN
Authors: Roy B , Das T
Published: June 2024

The emergence and proliferation of drug-resistant bacteria, featuring novel resistance mechanisms leading to antimicrobial resistance, continue to pose a threat to our ability to effectively combat common illnesses. A major public health concern is antimicrobial resistance, particularly in developing countries where easy access to and greater use of pharmaceuticals have led to a disproportionately higher rate of inappropriate antibiotic use and higher levels of resistance than in developed nations. When bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve to the point where they are resistant to antibiotics, it is known as antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This increases the risk of serious medical disorders, mortality, and difficulty treating infections. Given these complications, it emphasizes the need to explore additional means of protection against well-known pathogenic microorganisms.Vaccine can be called a best alternative to provide an strong immunotherapy against bacterial and viral species.Although DNA vaccine is found to be more give more effective immune thearapy as it induce and activate both humoral and cell mediated arms of immune system in animals and huamns. This review paper dispense a well gone through idea for controlling infectious disease by strengthening immunity system of living body prior to the attack of infectious agent, its delivery into the body, its clinical uses, and its other applications against pathogenic bacterial and viral agents. With the assist of this article it can be clearly understood that why DNA vaccine is more adventitious over other well known vaccine varieties.
BIOENGINEERED ANIMALS AND MICROORGANISMS
Authors: Bhumika M. , Purena Dr. Rupal
Published: June 2024

Genetically engineered animals are revolutionizing in various public sectors including disease diagnosis, gene therapy in various diseases, environmental sector, and animal based food products. Genetic engineering are crucial for developing new techniques for disease diagnosis and cure for various human diseases, and drug production, offering clinical and health benefits. They improve human health through genetic modifications and drug development, they also provide food security by production of healthier meat, milk and animal products. Livestock are more efficient at converting feed to animal protein, reducing waste production. Genetic engineering enhances animal welfare by providing disease resistance and overall health. Microorganisms play a crucial role in food product improvement, eliminating carcinogenic compounds, inhibiting pathogenic bacteria, producing healthier natural sweeteners, and synthesizing beneficial compounds like carotinoids.
BIOREMEDIATION: AN ECO SOLUTION
Authors: Christy A Vinolia , Sushmitha K , Jasmine P Victoria , Vimalasri A , Crossia.s A Winny Fred
Published: June 2024

With the developing industrialization and urbanization, the threats in nature that are harmful to both nature and humans are growing at a vast rate. Certain pollution cannot be avoided completely although we understand that it will be dangerous in future. This is because there is no other way to proceed with the development plans without utilizing these natural resources. On the other hand, increasing population becomes a great disadvantage in controlling this issue effectively. Thus, controlling of pollution alone is not going to help us solve this issue but a remedy that can rejuvenate the environment from is polluted state to a clean state Is much more important. And this remedy should be something that will not disturb the other components of nature. Hence the process of bioremediation where the living components are employed either in natural habitat or in a specific specialized habitat for the purpose of clearing the pollutant is the best method. Here the remediate implemented can be a microbe, plant, natural chemical feeders etc. but a biotic component. Therefore, bioremediation can be described as the utilization of living organisms to address and mitigate pollution problems. The applications, types, advantages, and disadvantages of bioremediation would clearly be explained in this chapter.
PINK PIGMENTED FACULTATIVE METHYLOTROPHS FROM COTTON PHYLLOSPHERE ON PADDY FIELDS
Authors: Manivel Bhuvaneswari , Lawrence Lazarus Vijune
Published: June 2024

Pink Pigmented Facultative Methylotrophs (PPFMs) are a unique group of bacteria recognized for their distinctive pink to reddish pigmentation, resulting from the production of carotenoid pigments like astaxanthin and canthaxanthin. Displaying a facultative lifestyle, PPFMs possess the capacity to switch between utilizing methylated compounds, such as methanol, and conventional carbon sources, demonstrating metabolic versatility in diverse environments like soil, water, and plant surfaces. PPFMs are plant-associated bacteria, frequently colonizing the rhizosphere. They engage in beneficial interactions with plants, promoting growth through the production of phytohormones like auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins. Moreover, PPFMs enhance nutrient availability, induce systemic resistance against pathogens, and improve plant stress tolerance, making them valuable contributors to sustainable agriculture. Their bioremediation potential, ability to synthesize valuable compounds, and participation in nutrient cycling further underscore their ecological significance. PPFMs’ diverse attributes highlight their role in enhancing plant health, nutrient utilization, and overall ecosystem functioning, fostering interest in their biotechnological applications and ecological implications. The cotton phyllosphere offers a unique habitat for microbial colonization and interactions, potentially influencing plant health and ecosystem functioning. This chapter highlights the presence and diversity of PPFM in the cotton phyllosphere within paddy field ecosystems. The potential implications of the study in terms of plant-microbe interactions and ecosystem sustainability are covered.
ORCHID BIODIVERSITY IN DARJEELING DISTRICT OF WEST-BENGAL (EASTERN HIMALAYA) AND IT'S BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACH FOR GENETIC IMPROVEMENTS
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Dipayan , Adhikari Dipan
Published: June 2024

Although cryptogams and phanerogamous plants are abundantly grow here and there but orchids are very rare. They are distributed throughout the world in temperate and tropical regions where the majority of the genus are epiphytes and terrestrial. The largest genera of orchids are Vanda, Dendrobium, Cypripedium, Spiranthes, Bulbophyllum , Habenaria etc. In our country, 1600 species are found in Himalayas and other hill areas including many saprophytic orchids like Corallorhiza, Neottia nidus-avis (Bird's nest orchid) etc. Orchids are aesthetically and commercially very important and demandable for it's amazing beauty, medicinal importance and productivity. But due to climate change and extreme anthropogenic activities for civilization, this plant groups lost their diversity and distribution. Even a large amount of orchid genera are already IUCN red listed now. For the progress of Biotechnology and Plant breeding, scientists are able to produce some new intergeneric hybrid of orchids to sustain the ecology of this plant group. This present study mainly focused on the diversity of mostly common orchids found in Darjeeling district of West Bengal and some biotechnological approach for their future existence in nature.
DOCKING A TOOL FOR EVIDENCE BASED HERBAL FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT: A REVIEW
Authors: Pishawikar Sachin , Kumbhar Ravindra , Nejdar Piyusha
Published: June 2024

Now a days every day in market new herbal formulations based on ethno information are getting introduced. In these marketed new preparations use of number of different types of herbs is done. No attempt is made to provide any kind of authentic information about the due to what and how the preparation show a specific pharmacological activity or the exact way by which it shows a specific mechanisms of action. The problem is the speed with which new formulations are introduced, they are becoming obsolete and getting vanished from market. This has been observed during covid time. First case there is need of detail study in the form of identification of phyto constituents form the herbs or plant material that is used. Scientific correlation of pharmacological activity with presence of specific phyto constituent or group of constituents is need of hour. Application of docking or virtual screening can be a tool in design and development new herbal formulations with authenticity. If mechanism by which the developed formulation shows pharmacological activity is identified the chances of success of formulation in market is going to increase many foulds. In present review any attempt has been done to show how molecular docking or virtual screening of active constituents from various plant sources may be done on selected targets, by which of probable mechanism of action by which formulation shows desirable pharmacology activity can identification which can help in increasing authenticity/Clams related to specific herbal formulation.
PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS
Authors: Malviya Ankita
Published: June 2024

A pharmaceutical drug, sometimes referred to as a medication or medicine, is a chemical compound that is used to treat, cure, prevent, or diagnose a particular illness in order to advance human health. Drugs were formerly obtained using an extraction procedure from unprocessed medicinal plants, but this process has now been replaced with an organic synthesis. Pharmaceutical treatments for severe chronic conditions might be administered either frequently or for a short period of time.
A SHORT REVIEW ON GOLD NANOPARTICLES
Authors: Devi R , V Parthasarathi , A Aswin , S Venkateshwaran , Kalaivanan S. , R Srinivasan Dr.
Published: June 2024

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are a class of nanoparticles that have attracted significant interest due to their unique optical, electronic, and chemical properties. AuNPs can be synthesized in a variety of shapes and sizes, and their properties can be tuned by varying the synthesis conditions. This versatility has led to a wide range of applications for AuNPs, including bioimaging, drug delivery, catalysis, and sensing. In bioimaging, AuNPs can be used to label cells or tissues, providing contrast for optical imaging techniques such as fluorescence microscopy. AuNPs can also be used to deliver drugs to specific targets in the body, making them a promising new approach for cancer therapy. In catalysis, AuNPs can be used to accelerate chemical reactions, and they have potential applications in the areas of fuel cells, water purification, and environmental remediation. AuNPs can also be used to create sensors that can detect specific molecules or ions. The unique properties of AuNPs make them a promising new material for a variety of applications. However, there are still some challenges that need to be addressed before AuNPs can be widely used. For example, the toxicity of AuNPs needs to be better understood, and methods for scaling up the production of AuNPs need to be developed. Despite these challenges, the potential applications of AuNPs are vast. As research in this area continues, AuNPs are likely to find even more widespread use in the years to come[1].
ASSESSMENT OF ANTI-ASTHMATIC ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING IN URTICA DIOICA
Authors: Sakthi S. , Devi R. , Srinivasan Dr. R. , Jayaramakani N. , Saravanan Dr. R.
Published: June 2024

The major purpose of this study is to evaluate anti-asthmatic activity and its phytochemical screening in the leaves of Urtica dioica in guinea pig ileum. This plant is herbaceous and perennial angiosperm plant belonging to the family. Urtricaceae and the genus urtica. This plant also called as stinging nettle and widely distributed to various parts of Europe, North America, Southwestern china and North Africa. Urtica dioica is mostly used to treat several disease such as diuretic, asthma, diabetes, skin injury, anemia, blood purifier, hay fever, arthritis, cleansing tonic, hair problems, headaches, chest pain, joint pain, gout, neuralgia, reduce excessive flow of menstrual, and nose bleeding. Phytochemical screening test was performed by wagner and bladt. It help to identify the phtyochemicals and its characteristic of the compound. The material that are used in this experiment are histamine dihydrochloride aerosol, Sherrington rotating drum, histamine closed chamber and guinea pig ileum. In this work Mepyramine is used as standard drug which is used to compare the extract of urtica diocia and the extract shows the result of having anti-asthmatic property.
CONCEPT OF NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM (NDDS) AND FUTURE APPROACHES
Authors: Gaonkar Ms. Neeta S , Atkeere Mr. Uddhav U , Bhosale Mr. Sourabh P , Varne Ms. Arati A
Published: June 2024

It is possible to greatly improve the performance of an existing therapeutic molecule by transforming it from its traditional form into a unique delivery method. This can lead to considerable gains in patient compliance, safety, and efficacy. It is possible for an existing drug molecule to be given a new lease on life in the shape of a Novel Drug Delivery System. An correctly designed Novel Drug Delivery System can be a significant step forward in the process of problem-solving when it comes to issues with the release of the drug at a particular site and at a certain pace. Pharmaceutical companies are working on the creation of innovative drug delivery systems because there is a growing demand for medications to be administered to patients in a manner that is both effective and causes fewer adverse effects. This page covers the fundamentals of novel drug delivery systems as well as the various subcategories of such systems.
MEDICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Authors: Patil1 Ms. Vibha S , Bhosale Mr. Sourabh P , Gaonkar Ms. Neeta S , Atkeere Mr. Uddhav U
Published: June 2024

A branch of computer science called artificial intelligence (AI) gives machines the ability to function well and understand complex data. Artificial intelligence research has significantly grown, and it is currently moving more quickly towards applications in education and healthcare. This study shows the potential and limitations of AI in terms of medical and pharmaceutical research. The literature was compiled using specific keywords and phrases such as "Artificial intelligence," "Pharmaceutical research," "drug discovery," "clinical trial," and "disease diagnosis" from sources like PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar in order to choose the research and review articles published within the last five years. This article carefully considered the application of AI in disease diagnostics, digital therapy, individualized treatment, drug discovery, and pandemic or epidemic forecasting. While wearable technology and natural language processing are used to identify patients and monitor the progress of clinical trials, deep learning and neural networks are the most well-known AI technologies. Bayesian nonparametric models are a sensible choice for clinical trial design. Using deep learning and neural networks, the spread of COVID-19, Zika, Ebola, and seasonal flu might all be predicted. According to the scientific community, the development of AI technology may result in more effective and fairly cost pharmaceutical and medical research as well as better public services.
AN ELOBORATED REVIEW ON APPLICATION OF NANOPARTICLES IN CHOLECYSTITIS DISEASE
Authors: Devi R. , Sandhiya V. , Keerthiga S. , Varalakshmi V. , Rupa G. , Srinivasan Dr. R.
Published: June 2024

Cholecystitis is an inflammatory disease of the gallbladder and is usually caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct. Since it can lead to serious complications such as gallbladder perforation, abscess formation, and series, timely diagnosis and treatment is essential for patients to benefit. Advances in nanotechnology in recent years have opened new avenues for the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases, including cholecystitis. This review explores the use of nanoparticles in the treatment of cholecystitis. First, we discuss the use of nanoparticles as diagnostic tools for early and accurate detection. Nanoparticles have many advantages, such as their ability to improve imaging such as magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and ultrasound, and their ability to focus on delivering different products to the gallbladder tissue. These products increase diagnostic accuracy, provide timely intervention, and improve patient care. Second, the medical use of nanoparticles in cholecystitis is discussed. The treatment for cholecystitis is usually surgical removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy). However, nanoparticle-based drug delivery has the potential to be less invasive and more therapeutic. By encapsulating therapeutic agents in nanoparticles, it is possible to improve the delivery of drugs to the painful area, reduce side effects in the body and improve treatment[1]. Additionally, the incorporation of antibodies into nanoparticles shows promise against cholecystitis, which can be difficult due to the development of antibodies. We are also talking about the ability of nanoparticles to dissolve gallstones. Nanoparticles engineered with gallstone dissolving agents may offer a nonsurgical alternative to patients with small gallstones, reducing the need for intervention. Despite such agreements, issues such as nanoparticle toxicity, incompatibility and regulatory approval must be addressed before widespread clinical use. More research is needed to improve nanoparticle design, dosage, and safety for the treatment of cholecystitis. In conclusion, the application of nanoparticles in cholecystitis shows the potential to revolutionize diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. By improving the accuracy of diagnosis and treatment plans, nanoparticles have the potential to improve patient outcomes and reduce the burden of this disease.
SILVER NANO PARTICALS FOR TISSUE ENGINEERING AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE
Authors: Devi R , R Sriram , Ali M Mohamed Ashik , M Akash , Srinivasan Dr. R
Published: June 2024

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are nanoscale particles of silver with dimensions typically ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers. They possess unique physical, chemical, and optical properties that make them useful in various fields. Here are some topics related to silver nanoparticles [1]. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have emerged as promising candidates in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Their unique properties, including antimicrobial activity, excellent biocompatibility, and tunable surface chemistry, make them attractive for applications in promoting tissue regeneration and wound healing. This abstract aims to provide an overview of the utilization of silver nanoparticles in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, focusing on their role in scaffold fabrication, drug delivery systems, and wound dressings. In tissue engineering, scaffolds play a crucial role in providing structural support and guiding cell growth [2]. Silver nanoparticles can be incorporated into scaffold materials to enhance their antimicrobial properties, thereby reducing the risk of infection during tissue regeneration. Moreover, the inherent antibacterial activity of AgNPs can help control the colonization of pathogenic microorganisms, ensuring a sterile environment conducive to tissue healing. Furthermore, silver nanoparticles have been explored for their potential in drug delivery systems within the context of tissue engineering. AgNPs can serve as carriers for therapeutic agents, such as growth factors and drugs, due to their high surface area and ability to encapsulate bioactive molecules. This enables targeted and sustained release of therapeutic compounds, facilitating localized tissue regeneration and minimizing systemic side effects. In the field of wound dressings, silver nanoparticles have garnered significant attention. Their antimicrobial properties make them effective in preventing infections in chronic and acute wounds. AgNPs can be incorporated into dressings, hydrogels, or nanofiber matrices, providing a protective barrier against microbial colonization while promoting wound healing. Additionally, silver nanoparticles exhibit anti-inflammatory effects, which can contribute to a more favourable wound healing environment. silver nanoparticles hold great promise in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications [3]. Their antimicrobial activity, biocompatibility, and versatile surface chemistry make them valuable tools for scaffold fabrication, drug delivery systems, and wound dressings. Continued research and development in this field are expected to drive further advancements, enabling the realization of innovative strategies for tissue regeneration and promoting the healing of complex wounds.
NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR ANGIOGENESIS: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Devi R , V Velvizhi , L Diana , Ashwini A , S Hemalatha , Srinivasan Dr. R
Published: June 2024

From the earliest phases of life, such as embryonic development, to serious illnesses including cancer, heart attacks, strokes, and wound healing, angiogenesis plays a crucial function in the human body. Numerous pharmaceutical companies have made significant investments in both the activation and inhibition of angiogenesis. The nanotechnology revolution has had a significant impact on medicine over the past ten years, and nanomedicines are beginning to receive regulatory authorization to treat a variety of ailments. In oncology and ophthalmology, angiogenesis is inhibited, while in tissue engineering and wound healing, angiogenesis is stimulated. This review tries to summarize the various angiogenesis-related nanotechnology-based approaches that have been studied. A variety of inorganic and metallic nanoparticles, including lipid-, carbon-, and polymeric[1]. Angiogenesis: Mechanisms, Regulation, and Therapeutic Perspectives. Angiogenesis, the process of new blood vessel formation, plays a crucial role in various physiological and pathological conditions. This complex phenomenon is tightly regulated by an interplay of pro- and anti-angiogenic factors, orchestrating the growth and remodeling of vascular networks. In normal physiological processes such as embryonic development, wound healing, and tissue repair, angiogenesis is a vital mechanism to ensure tissue perfusion and oxygenation. However, dysregulated angiogenesis is implicated in numerous diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and chronic inflammatory conditions. In cancer, the formation of new blood vessels sustains tumor growth and metastasis, making angiogenesis an attractive target for therapeutic interventions. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that drive angiogenesis has been instrumental in developing targeted therapies aimed at inhibiting or promoting angiogenesis, depending on the clinical context. We summarize the current knowledge surrounding angiogenesis, focusing on its regulatory factors and signaling pathways. We delve into the critical roles of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), angiopoietins, and other key players in modulating angiogenic processes. Additionally, we explore the role of endothelial cells and pericytes in vascular stabilization and vessel maturation.
FUTURE-PROOFING HEALTHCARE THROUGH AN EVIDENCE–BASED PRACTICE IN NURSING AND PHARMACY
Authors: Jyothi Nakka Venkata Nagga , Asadi Kavuma
Published: June 2024

The rapid advancements in healthcare, coupled with evolving patient needs and complex medical conditions, necessitate a proactive approach to ensure the sustainability and effectiveness of healthcare systems. This book chapter explores the concept of future-proofing healthcare through evidence-based practice (EBP) in nursing and pharmacy. By leveraging the wealth of research evidence and integrating it into clinical decision-making, nursing and pharmacy professionals can enhance patient outcomes, optimize resource utilization, and adapt to the changing landscape of healthcare. This chapter explores the key elements of evidence-based practice, including formulating answerable clinical questions, conducting systematic literature reviews, critically appraising research studies, and implementing evidence-based interventions. It examines the role of nursing and pharmacy professionals in promoting EBP through inter professional collaboration, continuous professional development, and the integration of research findings into clinical guidelines and protocols all aiming at improved patient safety, enhanced treatment outcomes, and reduced healthcare costs. Ultimately, the chapter emphasizes the transformative potential of evidence-based practice in nursing and pharmacy to future-proof healthcare. By leveraging the power of research evidence, healthcare providers can ensure the delivery of safe, effective, and patient-centered care while adapting to the evolving demands of the healthcare landscape. The chapter concludes by highlighting the need for a collaborative approach among stakeholders to promote evidence-based practice, advance research, and ultimately improve healthcare outcomes for patients worldwide.
A NOVEL APPROACH TO DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS: MICROSPONGES
Authors: M N Madhavi , Pimpalshende Pankaj M , Kosalge Satish B , Kaurase Shubhangi M , Lode Rajashree V
Published: June 2024

To maximize therapeutic efficacy and cost-effectiveness, innovative drug delivery technology has developed intensely competitive and is growing quickly. Microsponges are one of these cutting-edge developing techniques for precise, controlled, and target-specific medication administration. Microsponges are microscopic polymeric particles with porous surfaces resembling sponges, and pore ranges in size from 5 to 300 microns. The microsponge system can be made into gel, ointment, creams, liquids, or powders with good efficiency. More recently, it has been made into tablets and capsules for oral delivery. Lyophilization, ultrasonic assisted manufacturing, liquid-liquid suspension, and quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion can all be used for producing microsponges. Particle size, morphology, surface topography, loading efficiency, practical yield estimation, accurate density estimation, pore structure, compatibility tests, dissolution studies, and release kinetics will all be examined for these. The multifunctional microsponge technology is discussed in this review, along with its benefits, manufacturing processes, and applications..
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) -AN EX SITU REVOLUTION TO THE HEALTHCARE SECTOR
Authors: Jyothi Nakka Venkata Naga , Asadi Kavuma , Pasupula Rajeswari
Published: June 2024

The act of incorporating and integrating artificial intelligence (AI) in various fields and sectors has really turned tables for all industries, sectors and systems worldwide, and the field of pharmacy is no exception. The tremendous introduction of sophisticated machine learning algorithms has proved AI as an emerging powerful tool to enhance pharmaceutical research, drug discovery, clinical decision-making, and patient care. This paper explores the significant impact of AI in pharmacy, highlighting its potential to transform healthcare delivery and improve patient outcomes. Explicitly discussed are the key applications of AI in pharmacy, including drug discovery and development, precision medicine, medication management, pharmacy automation, and clinical decision support systems, additionally, the challenges and ethical considerations associated with the integration of AI in pharmacy practice, addressing are all fully described.
RECENTLY DEVELOPED PRODRUGS AND THEIR INSIGHTS
Authors: Thathapudi Daveedu , Dumala Naresh , Bandaru NV. Naga jyothi Nagaraju , Jayarao Y. Raja , M Firoz Basha.
Published: June 2024

The most popular and successful method for addressing the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic limitations of active medications is the design and manufacture of prodrugs. Throughout history, a substantial number of prodrugs have entered the market for pharmaceuticals, and in recent years, their use as a substitute for parent medications for the effective treatment of a variety of illnesses has increased significantly. Methods: Prodrugs that have recently been approved or that are currently being developed were searched for. Results: According to their target systems, a few prodrugs were reported on and categorized. Conclusions: The prodrug technique has demonstrated numerous achievements and continues to be a practical and efficient method of delivering novel active drugs. The most recent approved prescription medications and the analysis of clinical are clearly stated in this chapter.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN TODAY’S WORLD OF PHARMACY
Authors: Mukherjee Dattatreya , Sanyal Tanmay , Mukherjee Pronoy , Raj Aayushi , Harikrishnan Suriya Narayanan
Published: June 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a discipline in science and engineering focused on using computational methods to comprehend and replicate behaviours typically associated with intelligence. It involves designing and developing artefacts that can demonstrate these intelligent behaviours.1 Alan Turing, a pioneer in the realm of modern computers and artificial intelligence, introduced the "Turing test," which gauged a computer's intelligence by its ability to perform cognitive tasks at a human-like level.2 The 1980s and 1990s witnessed a surge in AI fascination, during which various clinical contexts in healthcare integrated artificial intelligent methods like fuzzy expert systems, Bayesian networks, artificial neural networks, and hybrid intelligent systems. By 2016, the largest proportion of investments in AI research was channelled into healthcare applications, surpassing other sectors 3. AI technology is utilized for the purpose of conducting precision-driven analyses and achieving meaningful comprehension 4. Within this framework, a blend of advantageous statistical frameworks and computational intelligence is amalgamated within AI technology.
توجيه القراءات القرآنية في سورة القلم: دراسة نحوية
Authors: المدرس المساعد عمار عبدالله نواف حمادي الجميلي
Published: June 2024

أصبح التعرف على علم القراءات وإدراك أطواره في غاية الأهمية , لذا تطرق بحثنا هذا إلى القراءات القرآنية لسورة القلم , بعنوان: (توجيه القراءات القرآنية في سورة القلم: دراسة نحوية ) وقد تم تقسيم البحث على مبحثين , المبحث الأول تضمن  أثر القراءات القرآنية في بناء القاعدة النحوية, أما في المبحث الثاني فتناولنا فيه الدراسة النحوية , وخُتم البحث بقائمة  المصادر .
مقدمة القصيدة عند ابن الحداد الأندلسي (ت 484هـ) دراسة أسلوبية
Authors: م . م . صابرين غالب كاظم
Published: June 2024

يدرس هذا البحث مقدمة القصيدة عند ابن الحداد الأندلسي- دراسة أسلوبية فيحاول الوقوف على أبرز معالم التطور والتجديد التي أصابت مقدمات بعض قصائده، وعلى العناصر التي اختلف بها مع منهج السابقين في مقدمات قصائدهم ، ثم يلقي الضوء على أنماط المقدمات في قصائده.
ومعلوم أن الأدب العربي كل متكامل لا يمكن تجزئته مهما اختلفت البيئات وتغيرت الأمكنة فهو أدب واحد منبعه المشرق ، ومنه امتد إلى البلدان الأخرى، وبلاد الأندلس أحد هذه البلدان وأكثرها تأثراً بهذا الأدب بفنونه المختلفة (الشعر والنثر ) فقد امتاز هذا المجتمع (الأندلسي) بطبيعته المنفتحة على ثقافات مختلفة ، وهذا ما ترك أثره المباشر على أدب هذا العصر .
وبذلك فقد رغبت في التعرف على اتجاه مقدمات قصائد ابن الحداد الاندلسي والوقوف عليها ، وابراز المميزات والخصائص الأسلوبية التي وسمت شعر ابن الحداد الاندلسي ميسم الابداع, فجعلت منه فرادة في عصره وسجّلته في لوح البقاء, وكتب له الخلود في سجل الابداع الأدبي الاندلسي.
انماط الوصل في غزل شعراء الطوائف والمرابطين
Authors: م.م. منال عبد الحي ابراهيم
Published: June 2024

ان هذا البحث يصبو الى دراسة انماط الوصل في غزل شعراء الطوائف والمرابطيــن، إذ أن  الشاعر العربي- ولا سيما الاندلسي – العاشق يتقلب بين انماط الوصل ،فالوصل هو غايتـــــــه ومبتغاه ،وسنتناول في بحثنا انماط واشكال ذلك الوصل ،إذ كان في اغلب حالته منقسم الى وصل حقيقي واقعي ملموس ،أو وصل متخيل غير واقعي وغير ملموس يأتي في المنام تارة أو في الاماني تـــــــارة أخرى ،وسنقف في هذا البحث على تلك الانماط من الوصل .
تحذير المسلمين من سبيل المجرمين
Authors: للباحث: د. ماجد فيصل عبود
Published: June 2024

إن استبانة سبيل المجرمين ضرورية لاستبانة سبيل المؤمنين. وذلك كالخط الفاصل يرسم عند مفرق الطريق! إن هذا المنهج هو المنهج الذي قرره الله- سبحانه- ليتعامل مع النفوس البشرية.. ذلك أن الله سبحانه يعلم أن إنشاء اليقين الاعتقادي بالحق والخير يقتضي رؤية الجانب المضاد من الباطل والشر والتأكد من أن هذا باطل محض وشر خالص وأن ذلك حق محض وخير خالص.. كما أن قوة الاندفاع بالحق لا تنشأ فقط من شعور صاحب الحق أنه على الحق ولكن كذلك من شعوره بأن الذي يُحاده ويُحاربه إنما هو على الباطل. 
      إن سفور الكفر والشر والإجرام ضروري لوضوح الإيمان والخير والصلاح. واستبانة سبيل المجرمين هدف من أهداف التفصيل الرباني للآيات.
FERGANA VADİSİ’NDE İÇ TOPRAKLAR (ANKLAV) SORUNU ORTA ASYA ÜLKELERİ ARASINDAKİ İŞ BİRLİĞİNİ NE YÖNDE ETKİLER? VORUH ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Arı Mustafa Türker
Published: June 2024

Bu çalışmada, Fergana Vadisi’nde günümüzde iç topraklar sorunlarından biri olan Voruh bölgesi incelenecektir. Tarihsel bir perspektifle ele alınan ilk bölümünde Sovyetler Birliği’nin ilk yıllarında Orta Asya’daki Sosyalist Cumhuriyetlerine dair sınır ve toprak düzenlemelerinin nasıl yapıldığı ortaya konulacaktır. Bilahare, iç topraklar kavramının hukuki veçheleri gözden geçirilecektir. Ayrıca, Voruh iç topraklarındaki çatışmaların nedenleri ve bölgesel yansımaları üzerinde durulacaktır. Nihayet, Voruh örneğinden yola çıkarak, Orta Asya cumhuriyetleri arasında iç topraklar meselesinin önümüzdeki dönemde iş birliğini ne yönde etkileyebileceğine dair değerlendirme sunulacaktır.
II. DÜNYA SAVAŞI SONRASI İRAN AZERBAYCANI’NDA AZERBAYCAN MİLLÎ HÜKÜMETİ’NİN KURULUŞU VE YIKILIŞINDA SOVYETLER BİRLİĞİ’NİN ROLÜNÜN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: Ökten Kazım
Published: June 2024

II. Dünya Savaşı’nda İran, İngiltere, Sovyetler Birliği ve ABD tarafından, işgal edildi. İşgal sonrası Sovyetler, İran Azerbaycanı üzerinde nüfuzunu artırıcı birtakım faaliyetlerde bulundu. Bu faaliyetlerin bir sonucu olarak 12 Aralık 1945’te İran Azerbaycanı’nda Azerbaycan Millî Hükümeti (AMH) kuruldu. Bu makalenin kapsamı; II. Dünya Savaşı başından AMH’nin yıkılışına kadar Sovyetlerin İran Azerbaycanı’na yönelik politikalarını oluşturan etkenleri ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmanın ana amacı; AMH’nin kuruluşunda ve yıkılışında Sovyetler Birliği’nin rolünü değerlendirmektir. Çalışmanın tarihî gerçeklere uygun olmasını sağlamak için arşiv belgelerinde özellikle konuyu açıklayıcı metinlere başvuruldu. Birincil kaynakların dışında atıf yapılan eserlerin çoğunlukla arşiv belgelerine dayanılarak yazılmış olmasına dikkat edildi. İran Azerbaycanı, Sovyetler için güney sınırlarının ve Sovyet Azerbaycanı’ndaki petrollerin emniyeti için stratejik öneme sahipti. Savaş bitiminde ABD ve İngiltere önceden varılan anlaşma gereği birliklerini İran’dan çıkarırken Sovyetler Birliği, İran Azerbaycanı üzerindeki emelleri nedeniyle askerini çekmekten kaçındı. Moskova, bu emellerini gerçekleştirmek üzere Sovyet Azerbaycanı Birinci Sekreteri Mir Cafer Bağırov’u görevlendirdi. Azerbaycan Millî Hükümeti, Bağırov’un amacı doğrultusunda tasarlandı ve Stalin tarafından kabul gördü. 1946 yılı baharında ABD ve İngiltere’nin, diplomatik baskısı ile Sovyetler askerî birliklerini İran’dan çıkarmak zorunda kaldı. Azerbaycan Millî Hükümeti, Sovyetlerin askerî birliklerini İran’dan çekmesi ile desteğini kaybetti ve kuruluşundan bir yıl sonra yıkıldı.
TÜRKİYE’DE İÇ GÖÇÜN BELİRLEYİCİLERİNE İLİŞKİN PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ
Authors: Bahçıvan Seniha , Kılıç Ramazan
Published: June 2024

Göç, insanlık tarihi boyunca var olmuş bir kavramdır. Medeniyetin ilk yıllarından itibaren bireyler ve toplumlar çeşitli sebeplerden dolayı göç etmişlerdir. Göçün ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel birçok sebebi bulunmaktadır. Göç, temelde insanların yaşadıkları yerlerden daha iyi şartlara sahip başka bir yerlere yapmış oldukları harekettir. Türkiye açısından baktığımızda da göç hareketlerinin az gelişmiş bölgelerden daha gelişmiş olan bölgelere doğru olduğu görülmektedir İç göç hareketliliğini belirleyen birçok faktör bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma iç göç hareketliliği ve buna neden olan faktörleri belirleyip panel veri analizi ile tespit etmeyi amaçlar. 2011-2020 yılları arası Türkiye’nin 12 alt bölgesinin net göç hızı oranları bağımlı değişken olarak belirlenirken; işsizlik oranı, eğitim durumu, tarım alanındaki istihdam oranı, sanayi alanındaki istihdam oranı, nüfus artış oranı ve kentleşme oranı ise bağımsız değişkenler olarak belirlenmiştir. Stata17 istatiksel ve ekonometrik program ile panel veri modeli kurularak çalışılmıştır. Yapılan çalışma sonucu sanayi alanındaki istihdam oranı, eğitim değişkeni ve nüfus artış oranının net göç hızını açıklamada anlamlı birer değişken olduğu ve pozitif yönde etkilediği görülmüştür.
COMPARISON OF TÜRKİYE'S MEDICAL TOURISM MARKET WITH EXISTING AND POTENTIAL COMPETITOR COUNTRIES
Authors: Ateş Alper , Sunar Halil
Published: June 2024

Health is one of the oldest and strongest travel motivations since the day humanity existed on Earth. In the last hundred years, in which tourism has become an essential requirement of modern man, health tourism has been in increasing demand every year. Medical tourism, a necessary type of health tourism, has a high expenditure per tourist and provides significant foreign currency inflows to the national economy. Türkiye, the fourth most visited country in the world in international tourism in 2021 and 2022, cannot show the same success in medical tourism. This study aims to compare the current state of medical tourism in Türkiye with that of competitor countries. Conclusions and recommendations based on the findings to be obtained within the scope of this purpose will be put forward. The comparison will encompass variables such as the caliber of healthcare services, cost-effectiveness, ease of access, and overall patient contentment. In addition, the study will examine the marketing techniques utilized by each country to attract medical tourists and pinpoint areas where Türkiye may enhance its competitive edge.