bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lifecycle of a Submesoscale Front Birthed from a Nearshore Internal Bore
Authors: Haney Sean R. , Simpson Alexandra J. , McSweeney Jacqueline M. , Waterhouse Amy F. , Haller Merrick C. , Lerczak James A. , Barth John A. , Lenain Luc , Palóczy André , Adams Kate , MacKinnon Jennifer A.
Published: September 2021

The ocean is home to many different submesoscale phenomena, including internal waves, fronts, and gravity currents. Each of these processes entails complex nonlinear dynamics, even in isolation. Here we present shipboard, moored, and remote observations of a submesoscale gravity current front created by a shoaling internal tidal bore in the coastal ocean. The internal bore is observed to flatten as it shoals, leaving behind a gravity current front that propagates significantly slower than the bore. We posit that the generation and separation of the front from the bore is related to particular stratification ahead of the bore, which allows the bore to reach the maximum possible internal wave speed. After the front is calved from the bore, it is observed to propagate as a gravity current for approximately 4 h, with associated elevated turbulent dissipation rates. A strong cross-shore gradient of alongshore velocity creates enhanced vertical vorticity (Rossby number ≈ 40) that remains locked with the front. Lateral shear instabilities develop along the front and may hasten its demise.
Can the Celebrity Speak? Controversies and the Eulogistic Fandom of Shah Rukh Khan
Authors: Misra Abir
Published: September 2021

This article addresses the participation of celebrities and their fans in media controversies. As techno-social events, controversies are constitutive of discursive battles, between numerically conscious participatory communities, aimed at describing the meaning and significance of cultural symbols. Celebrities, in their capacity as cultural symbols, provide the ground for staging these discursive battles. Fan participation, as auxiliary of celebrity participation, is studied here specifically to discern its essential functions vis-a-vis controversies. For elaborating its argument, this article looks at Shah Rukh Khan (hereafter SRK) and his fandom in India. SRK, as a transcultural symbol of Liberal Islam, was embroiled in media controversies wherein the meaning and significance of his ‘Muslimness’ was debated and scrutinised. Marked by struggles between SRK fandom, on one side, and right-wing/reactionary groups on the other, these controversies testify SRK’s centrality in political debates surrounding the ‘Muslim Question’ in Indian Polity. This article argues that SRK Fandom’s primary discursive function is to create an ‘Eulogistic Buffer’ that insulates SRK from right-wing/reactionary islamophobia.
Sleep Endoscopy Findings in Children With Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Small Tonsils
Authors: Williamson Adrian , Coutras Steven W. , Carr Michele M.
Published: September 2021

Objective:

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in children is treated primarily with adenotonsillectomy (AT). When clinical exam demonstrates small tonsils, the success of AT in resolving OSA is uncertain. The purpose of this study is to determine the utility of Drug induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) for children with OSA and small tonsils (Brodsky scale 1+) and to identify what obstructive trends exist in this subset of patients and to determine the utility of DISE-directed surgical intervention in patients with small tonsils.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review was performed for patients who underwent DISE at a tertiary care center over a 2-year period. Inclusion criteria were 1+ tonsils and a positive sleep study. Data collected included DISE findings, BMI, comorbid conditions, and pre-op PSG data.

Results:

Forty children were included with a mean age of 5.0 years (range 8 months-16 years). Mean preoperative AHI was 5.46 and mean oxygen saturation nadir was 87.1%. The most common contributor to airway obstruction was the adenoid (29 patients, 72.5%), followed by the tongue base or lingual tonsil (21 patients, 52.5%). The palatine tonsils (10 patients, 25.0%), epiglottis (10.0%), or obstruction intrinsic to the larynx (10.0%) were significantly less frequently identified as contributors to OSA when compared to the adenoid ( P < .001). The majority of patients had multilevel obstruction (25 patients, 62.5%). Adenoidectomy (27 patients, 67.5%) was the most commonly performed procedure, followed by tonsillectomy (10 patients, 25.0%, P < .001) and tongue base surgery (9 patient 22.5%, P < .001).

Conclusion:

In this group, small palatine tonsils were infrequently identified as a contributor to airway obstruction and tonsillectomy was avoided in most cases. This study illustrates the utility of DISE as a tool to personalize the surgical management of pediatric patients with OSA and small tonsils on physical exam.
Tools and Technologies of Transparency in Sustainable Global Supply Chains
Authors: McGrath Paul , McCarthy Lucy , Marshall Donna , Rehme Jakob
Published: September 2021

This article explores the role that technology plays in creating and fostering transparency in global supply chains. Transparency is deemed vital in the creation of sustainable and resilient supply chains and overall effective corporate governance. There are two distinct orientations toward the use of technology by multinational corporations (MNCs) in creating sustainability transparency within their global supply chains: control and relational. A control orientation views technology as a tool to gather the ever-increasing levels of sustainability data on supplier practices in an efficient, secure, and progressively automated manner. A relational orientation adopts a view where technology is a tool to help build social relations and improve dialogue and collaboration on sustainability throughout the supply chain. A key difference in the two orientations lies in the mindset of the MNC manager toward the development of supply chain sustainability transparency. The article illustrates the effective application of both approaches and offers advice to managers on the design choices they need to consider in choosing technologies.
Defamiliarizing National Histories through Cross-National Reflections in the Study of Religion
Authors: Taira Teemu
Published: September 2021

As part of the review symposium of From Seminary to University: An Institutional History of the Study of Religion in Canada (University of Toronto Press, 2020) by Aaron W. Hughes, this review essay compares and contrasts the narrative it tells us to other national contexts and explores what might be the Canadian peculiarities not necessarily obvious to those who have been educated in that system.
Economic Interdependence Since COVID-19: China and South Asia
Authors: Das Khanindra Ch.
Published: September 2021

In the backdrop of COVID-19-induced geo-political backlash against China, the article makes an assessment of the nature of economic interdependence of South Asian nations with China. Though COVID-19-induced lockdown led to a decline in trade with China, it recovered quickly in subsequent months. In the case of India, even after imposing restrictive measures, trade with China was found to bounce back indicating to a greater dependence on China. Further, asymmetry in economic engagement with China could be observed for several of the South Asian nations. Chinese investment in the region remained muted during the pandemic. However, strategic involvement in South Asia by China, and other powers, increased considerably which has been manifested by her provisioning of economic incentives and COVID-19-related aid. In the light of increasing strategic influence, South Asian countries desirous of benefitting from foreign trade and investment in their respective economies will need to encourage free and fair competition rather than towing geo-political lines so that sustainable economic gains can be made, which will require strengthening of various market supporting institutions in the respective economies. India’s economic strategy will also assume significance in boosting confidence and increasing the level of integration within South Asia.
‘We do things that matter’: Humanitarian representations of health and welfare services for forced migrants
Authors: Pizzolati Micol , Vacchelli Elena
Published: September 2021

The article explores welfare and health practitioners’ representations of work practices and professional values underpinning their engagement with forced migrants within a polyfunctional health service in an Italian metropolitan city. It explores the integrated approach developed to cater for asylum seekers and beneficiaries of international protection’s specific needs. Building on interviews with health professionals and welfare workers, the article aims to critically discuss how concepts of care and responsibility are talked about and what kind of values underpin their work ethics. Humanitarian representations emerging from the narratives of health and welfare workers suggest that care and compassion are asymmetric and inherently racialised emotions and the use of vulnerability to depict service users can work to legitimise problematic practices as well as maintaining a focus on the compassionate saviours, whilst at the same time silencing people in need.
The Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt: A Gramscian re-examination
Authors: Mirshak Nadim
Published: September 2021

Regarded as Egypt’s most influential oppositional force, the Muslim Brotherhood (MB) was analysed from a Gramscian lens that projected it as a counterhegemonic force par excellence. Its all-sufficient Islam, cohesive organisational structure and ability to wage a war of position were considered to represent parallels to Gramsci’s revolutionary methodology. This article contests this narrative by focusing on the MB’s inability to deal with state coercion, its intellectual inertia and failure in governance, and its passive revolutionary and neoliberal tendencies. Against the backdrop of resurgent authoritarianism and the MB’s downfall, it has become imperative to rethink our dominant understandings of (counter)hegemony and resistance. The article concludes by arguing that the MB’s failure to fundamentally challenge the hegemonic order and instigate social change should not deter other movements from continuing to do so. Instead, lessons from the MB’s limitations must be heeded with Gramsci remaining key in aiding such endeavours.
Review of Pharmacist Driven Penicillin Allergy Assessments and Skin Testing: A Multi-Center Case-Series
Authors: Harper Hanna M. , Sanchez Michael
Published: September 2021

Objective: To describe the impact of pharmacy driven penicillin allergy assessments on de-labeling penicillin allergies and antibiotic streamlining opportunities for hospitalized patients. Design: Multi-center, retrospective case-series study. Setting: A health system of 4 non-teaching hospitals. Participants: Patients aged 18 years and older with a physician order for a pharmacist penicillin allergy assessment. Exclusion criteria consisted of patients with anaphylaxis or a type II penicillin allergy, anaphylaxis of any cause within 4 weeks, refusal of penicillin allergy skin test (PAST), antihistamine use within 24 hours, penicillin intolerance, immunosuppression or immunosuppressive medications, or skin conditions that could interfere with PAST. Interventions: The primary endpoint evaluated the number of de-labeled penicillin allergies after pharmacists provided penicillin allergy assessments. Secondary endpoints evaluated the percent of patients with antibiotics deescalated to beta-lactam antibiotics and classification of notable interventions made by pharmacists. Measurements and Main Results: There were 35 patients who met inclusion criteria. Twenty-four patients underwent both penicillin allergy skin testing and oral (PO) amoxicillin challenge. Five patients had allergies de-labeled only after a pharmacist interview. Four patients received only the PO amoxicillin challenge and 2 patients received only PAST. Penicillin allergies were de-labeled from the electronic health record (EHR) in 31 (89%) patients despite all testing negative for a penicillin allergy from PAST or a PO amoxicillin challenge. Four patients had the allergy re-added to the chart on subsequent admissions. No patients experienced a reaction from PAST, PO amoxicillin challenge, or subsequent beta-lactam antibiotics. Twenty-eight (80%) patients had their antibiotic therapy changed as a result of the allergy assessment. Seventeen patients were de-escalated onto beta-lactam antibiotics and aztreonam was stopped in 6 patients. Conclusion: Results from this study suggests that pharmacists expanding their scope of practice with PAST is a safe and effective allergy de-labeling tool. Pharmacist-driven penicillin allergy assessments could provide antibiotic cost savings and avoid aztreonam use. The study supports the need to emphasize education for patients and caretakers regarding allergy testing results to avoid relabeling in future hospital visits.
Impact of Pharmacist Education on Inhaler Technique and Adherence in an Outpatient Clinic
Authors: Mayzel Bianca , Muench Sarah , Lauster Colleen
Published: September 2021

Background and Objectives: To assess the impact that pharmacist education has on proper inhaler technique and adherence in a teaching clinic. Methods: This was prospective, non-randomized, pre-test/post-test study. Patients were 18 years or older, had a diagnosis of asthma or COPD, and prescribed at least 1 inhaled medication. Initial visits consisted of a baseline asthma control test (ACT) or COPD assessment test (CAT), the Test of Adherence to Inhalers (TAI), and a baseline inhaler technique evaluation. The pharmacist then educated the patient. Then inhaler technique was assessed again (post-education inhaler technique evaluation #1). Follow-up visits occurred 4 to 8 weeks later. ACT or CAT and TAI test were administered and inhaler technique was assessed again (post-education inhaler technique #2). The primary outcome was the comparison of the percentage of correct steps performed from baseline to post-education inhaler technique evaluation #1 and from baseline to post-education inhaler technique evaluation #2. Results: Eighteen patients were included, with a mean age of 58 years old. Over half had asthma, were female and African American. There was a significant difference in inhaler technique from baseline to post-education inhaler evaluation #1 and from baseline to post-education inhaler evaluation #2. The most common step missed was no exhalation before inhalation. There was no significant difference when comparing the individual and overall TAI test scores from initial to follow up visit. Conclusions: This study supports pharmacist-led inhaler technique education.
Retrospective Indication-Matched Cohort Study of Reference Product and Biosimilar: Bevacizumab Versus Bevacizumab-Awwb
Authors: Booth Jennifer Philippon , Pilz Jeffrey
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Due to the abbreviated approval pathway and extrapolation to non-studied indications, an increased importance is placed on post-marketing surveillance of biosimilars to supplement existing evidence and enhance patient and provider confidence. Bevacizumab-awwb (ABP 215, Mvasi) was the first biosimilar approved to bevacizumab (Avastin), a recombinant humanized monoclonal IgG1 antibody that inhibits the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Purpose: To evaluate utilization, safety, and financial outcomes of bevacizumab-awwb compared to bevacizumab at a national cancer institute (NCI)-designated cancer center. Methods: A single center, retrospective, 1:1 indication-matched cohort study of adult patients who received bevacizumab or bevacizumab-awwb between October 1, 2019 and October 1, 2020 was performed. Thirty-four patients received bevacizumab-awwb during the study period and were matched by indication to 34 randomly selected patients who received bevacizumab. Indications for both groups included: colorectal cancer (n = 19), gynecologic cancer (n = 10), glioblastoma (n = 3), hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 1), and lung cancer (n = 1). Results: Baseline and medication utilization characteristics were similar for this indication-matched cohort of 68 patients receiving bevacizumab-awwb or bevacizumab. Patients in the bevacizumab group had a higher proportion of public payer coverage (64.7% vs 38.2%, P = .029). A higher proportion of patients in the bevacizumab-awwb group remained on active treatment at the end of the study period (52.9%) as compared to the bevacizumab group (35.3%); however, differences in final treatment status and reasons for discontinuation were not statistically significant ( P = .218). Rates of worsened hypertension (44.1% vs 44.1%) and worsened proteinuria (38.2% vs 23.5%, P = .077) were common in both groups. Grade 3 adverse drug events in the bevacizumab group included: gastrointestinal perforation (n = 1), gastrointestinal bleed (n = 1), hypertension (n = 2), and venous thromboembolism (n = 2). Grade 3 adverse drug events in the bevacizumab-awwb group included: epistaxis (n = 1), gastrointestinal bleed (n = 1), hypertension (n = 1), intracerebral hemorrhage (n = 1), venous thromboembolism (n = 3), and arterial thromboembolism (n = 1). One patient in the bevacizumab-awwb group experienced grade 4 hypertension. Median drug cost per dose and per milligram for bevacizumab-awwb was less than bevacizumab, representing a 15.8% and 12.1% discount, respectively. Conclusion: Utilization and safety outcomes were similar for this indication-matched cohort of 68 patients receiving bevacizumab or bevacizumab-awwb across a wide range of disease states.
Social work in the face of emerging technologies: A technological acceptance study in 13 countries
Authors: Barrera-Algarín Evaristo , Sarasola-Sánchez-Serrano José Luís , Sarasola-Fernández Alberto
Published: September 2021

Significant technological advances have taken place in recent years, especially in ICT, which are rapidly transforming the different professions, including social work. We want to verify the degree of technological acceptance of social workers at the international level and how the relationship between professional practice and the use of new technological possibilities is established. For this purpose we applied a specialized questionnaire and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) scale, to 1144 social workers from 13 countries. A high degree of technological acceptance is detected; a clear identification between professional practice, the use of technological advances, and their connection with NASW standards.
Sex Gospel in Zimbabwe’s Pentecostal Christianity as a Response to Social Change: The Case of Apostle Kapandura and Mai Lucia Gunguwo
Authors: Sipeyiye Macloud , Mpofu Phillip
Published: September 2021

Sexuality has always been a closely guarded subject in both Christianity and African Traditional Religions (ATRs), and regarded as a sensitive topic unfit for public discussion. In Zimbabwe, there is an emerging trend of sex gospel in Pentecostal Christianity. This has stirred mixed feelings among Christians and ATR adherents. Deploying the religion and social transformation perspective, this netnographic study of Christopher Kapandura of ZAOGA (FIFMI) and Lucia Gunguwo of Eternal Word Ministries’ sermons, explores the eccentric development and argues that sex gospel is inevitable. It is a positive response to social transformation. However, this topical issue grapples with challenges of dissemination methods in the broad public space. The study shows preachers’ creativity and innovation in brand formation in a highly competitive religious market. This is a timely contribution to the meagre scholarship on sex gospel in Pentecostal Christianity, especially its relevance in the context of social change.
Sentence reductions for a guilty plea: The impact of the revised guideline on rates of pleas and ‘cracked trials’
Authors: Roberts Julian V. , Pina-Sánchez Jose
Published: September 2021

In 2017, the Sentencing Council introduced a revised guideline for plea-based sentence reductions. The revisions were designed to provide greater certainty and to accelerate the timing of guilty pleas. Late pleas resulting in ‘cracked trials’ have long been a problem in the court system. The guideline was not intended to change the rate of defendants who plead guilty, but rather to increase the percentage of pleas entered early in the criminal process. This brief article reports findings from an analysis of data from the Crown Court before and after the introduction of the revised sentencing guideline. Findings reveal that the overall guilty plea remained stable over the period 2014–2019. The guideline appears to have had no effect on the timing of guilty pleas entered, and in fact the percentage of ‘cracked’ trials rose in the post-guideline period.
Uncertain and under Quarantine: Toward a Sociology of Medical Ignorance
Authors: Whooley Owen , Barker Kristin Kay
Published: September 2021

At the center of the COVID-19 pandemic lies a ubiquitous feature of medicine. Medicine is permeated with ignorance. Seizing this moment to assess the current state of medical sociology, this article articulates a sociology of medical ignorance. We join insights from earlier medical sociological scholarship on uncertainty with emerging research in the sociology of ignorance to help make sense of the omnipresent but sometimes invisible dynamics related to the unknowns in medicine. Then we examine two streams of inquiry with a focus on uncertainty and ignorance—(1) research on the interconnections between technology, medical authority, and ignorance and (2) research on lay expertise within the context of ever-present uncertainties. For decades, and to good effect, medical sociologists have asked, “What does medicine know, and what are the consequences of such knowing?” Going forward, we encourage medical sociologists to examine the unknown in medicine and the consequences of not knowing.
(Re)Setting Epigenetic Clocks: An Important Avenue Whereby Social Conditions Become Biologically Embedded across the Life Course
Authors: Simons Ronald L. , Lei Man-Kit , Klopach Eric , Berg Mark , Zhang Yue , Beach Steven S. R.
Published: September 2021

Research on biological embedding of the social environment has been expedited by increased availability of biomarkers. Recently, this arsenal of measures has been expanded to include epigenetic clocks that indicate in years the extent to which an individual is older or younger than their chronological age. These measures of biological aging, especially GrimAge, are robust predictors of both illness and time to death. Importantly for sociologists, several studies have linked social conditions to these indices of aging. The present study extends this research using longitudinal data from a sample of 223 black women participating in the Family and Community Health Study. We find that changes in income and living arrangements over an 11-year period predict changes in speed of biological aging. These results provide further support for the idea that epigenetic aging is a mechanism whereby social conditions become biologically embedded. The utility of epigenetic clocks for sociological studies of health are discussed.
From Medicine to Health: The Proliferation and Diversification of Cultural Authority
Authors: Epstein Steven , Timmermans Stefan
Published: September 2021

In his account of the medical profession’s ascent, Paul Starr drew a distinction between the social authority of physicians and the cultural authority of medicine—between doctors’ capacity to direct others’ behavior and the ability of medical institutions and discourses to shape meanings of illness, health, wellness, and treatment. Subsequently, scholars have reflected on the social-structural transformations challenging physicians’ social authority but neglected shifts in cultural authority. Focusing on the United States, we find a proliferation and diversification of cultural authority, reflecting a partial movement from the domain of medicine into new terrains of health. This shift is apparent in the resurgence of alternative healing, the advent of new forms of self-care and self-monitoring, the rise of health social movements, and the spread of health information online. We advance a research agenda to understand how the mechanisms and dynamics of cultural authority shape contests to speak in the name of health.
Impact of Dr Ambedkar’s Philosophy on International Activism of the Dalit Diaspora
Authors: Kumar Shailendra
Published: September 2021

The emergence of a large and prosperous Indian diaspora across the globe obscures the fact that it is not a homogeneous and monolithic whole but is representative of the diversity of India. The Dalit diaspora emerged simultaneously but separately with a strong consciousness and commitment to ameliorate caste disabilities both at home and in the host land. One can discern a perceptible influence of Dr Ambedkar’s dictum ‘educate, organise and agitate’ on Dalits. Therefore, the educated Dalits have organised themselves through various international organisations and are agitating against caste discrimination, in the process carving out a dignified identity for themselves. This article delves into the emergence and activism of the numerous international organisations and institutions working on Dalit issues in diasporic locations. It specifically analyses the attempts to incorporate caste as descent-based discrimination within the ambit of racism at various international forums and its inclusion as protected characteristics within the Equality Act, 2010, of the UK. These efforts have been successful in challenging the caste hegemony at both local and global levels and are a step forward towards its eradication.
Industrial destabilisation: The case of Rajajinagar, Bangalore
Authors: Anand Shriya , Dey Aditi
Published: September 2021

There has been a recent interest in expanding the focus of deindustrialisation studies to the cities of the Global South. Bangalore, with its long legacy of state sponsored industrialisation, as well as a substantial shift in its economy following economic liberalisation in 1991, presents itself as a suitable case to examine the impacts of industrial transformation. We study the decline of the engineering economy in one of Bangalore’s earliest planned industrial suburbs, Rajajinagar, to understand how industrial restructuring at the city and national scale has affected and reconfigured local economies. Using this case study, we make two main theoretical contributions: one, we bring out shifts at a neighbourhood scale that go beyond the existing literature on neoliberal transformations in Bangalore as well as other Indian cities. Two, the case also allows us to assess the limitations of deindustrialisation as a framework to analyse these changes, and we suggest a modified framework, that of ‘industrial destabilisation’.
Foreign Natives: Psychoactivity, Policing, and the Elusive Corporeality of the Post-Soviet Rave
Authors: Vasilyev Pavel , Vinokurova Viktoria
Published: September 2021

This article focuses on the rave subculture of St. Petersburg in the 1990s and demonstrates how new forms of psychoactive control and resistance emerged in the wake of the Soviet collapse. By staying sensitive to the material and corporeal aspects of these phenomena, it contributes to the socio-material studies of drug control and emphasizes that the physical body itself should be an important venue for drug research. In doing so, we build on existing literature that discusses bodies as information resources to detect drug use and identifies resistance strategies to increasingly technological drug control measures. We advance this discussion by suggesting that the psychoactive setting of rave in post-Soviet St. Petersburg gave rise to a highly particular yet notably elusive and difficult-to-define type of corporeality. On the one hand, this corporeality could be positively interpreted as a marker of resistance and belonging on the “inside.” At the same time, it could also be employed strategically by law enforcement officers to detect and prosecute drug-consuming individuals. Moreover, we propose to view this psychoactive “rave body” as deeply embedded in its spatio-temporal context—thus accounting for the influence of time and space on the materiality of drug control and resistance. In examining these dynamics, we draw on a wide range of sources, including memoirs, press materials, early Internet archives, publicly printed interviews, photographs, and video materials.
George Liele: Liberated slave and African American Baptist Missionary to Jamaica
Authors: Erskine Noel Leo
Published: September 2021

Liele introduced Baptist witness to Jamaica and served as pastor and educator of churches in Kingston and Spanish town cities there. Further, Liele was responsible for the conversion and baptism of another African American, Moses Baker, who migrated to Jamaica in 1783 and was a leader in establishing Baptist churches in western parishes in Jamaica. Beyond his work in Jamaica, Liele’s ministry reached as far afield as Nova Scotia, Canada, and Sierra Leone, Africa, through the influence of his protege, David George, who was first known as David, until he changed his name to “David George” in honor of his friend and mentor George Liele.
The Diffusion of Participatory Planning Ideas and Practices: The Case of Socialist Yugoslavia, 1961-1982
Authors: Blagojević Mina , Perić Ana
Published: September 2021

Although both praised and contested for its advanced conceptual elaboration and ineffective practical implementation, respectively, participatory planning has largely been considered a Yugoslav national legacy and a point of diversification compared with other similar contexts. However, there has been little research on the roots and features of public participation as observed through the lens of international influences on Yugoslav spatial and urban planning. By identifying the main channels (professional networks and events) and nodes (planning organizations and documents) in the diffusion of participatory planning ideas at both the international and national levels, we trace the evolution of citizen participation discourse in Yugoslavia. Based on archival research of the relevant documents (selected articles in professional journals, decrees, and plans), the paper examines the authenticity of the concept of citizen participation in Yugoslavia to, finally, elucidate the specificities of its implementation in the context of socialist self-management.
Diversity’s Impact on the Quality of Deliberations
Authors: Bergold Amanda Nicholson , Bull Kovera Margaret
Published: September 2021

The present research builds on previous models of jury diversity’s benefits by exploring how diversity impacts the deliberation process. In Study 1, community members ( N = 433) participated in a jury decision-making study manipulating the strength of evidence (ambiguous vs. weak) and the diversity of the jury. When the evidence in the case was ambiguous, both white and black jurors made high-quality contributions to discussion in diverse juries than in nondiverse juries. In Study 2, undergraduate students ( N = 369) were randomly assigned to wealth and power conditions and then deliberated in diverse and nondiverse groups. Diverse juries were less likely to convict the defendant, and jurors on diverse juries made high-quality contributions to discussion. Although previous work has documented effects of diversity on high-status jurors’ contributions to deliberations, this work suggests that diversity may relate to more complex evidence evaluation for members of low-status groups as well.
Cultural Syndromes in a Changing World: A Longitudinal Investigation of Brazilian Jeitinho Social Problem-Solving Strategies
Authors: Fischer Ronald , Karl Johannes Alfons , Pilati Ronaldo
Published: September 2021

We report a longitudinal study of Jeitinho brasileiro (salient cultural characteristic of Brazil) during a period of significant political instability. Previous historical and anthropological sources have pointed to the importance of political instability for cultural changes in behaviors such as jeitinho. We are the first to examine possible individual-level dynamics over time, reporting a 3-year longitudinal study ( N = 205) of two dimensions that differentiate keeping a socially pleasant social climate ( simpatia) from trickery and breaking social norms. Using longitudinal network analysis, we found (a) reinforcing links between behavioral nodes within each of these two jeitinho clusters over time, (b) few between-cluster links, (c) within-person and between-person components were distinct, and (d) only the between-person structure resembled the overall factor structure. Overall, our data show that cultural behaviors are systematically changing during a political crisis, offering first insights how cultural systems may change via shifts in individual behavior.
Well-Being and Professional Efficacy Among Health Care Professionals: The Role of Resilience Through the Mediation of Ethical Vision of Patient Care and the Moderation of Managerial Support
Authors: Maffoni Marina , Sommovigo Valentina , Giardini Anna , Velutti Laura , Setti Ilaria
Published: September 2021

Drawing on the Conservation of Resources theory, this study analyzes whether resilience could be related to healthcare providers’ wellbeing and professional self-efficacy, both directly and indirectly, as mediated by ethical vision of patient care and moderated by managerial support in dealing with ethical issues. Overall, 315 Italian healthcare professionals employed in neuro-rehabilitation medicine or palliative care specialties participated in this multi-centered cross-sectional study. The following variables were investigated: resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale), wellbeing (Maugeri Stress Index–Reduced), professional self-efficacy (Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey), ethical vision of patient care and managerial support in dealing with ethical issues (Italian version of the Hospital Ethical Climate Survey). Overall, resilience was positively associated with healthcare providers’ wellbeing and professional self-efficacy, directly and indirectly, as mediated by ethical vision of patient care. Highly resilient healthcare professionals who perceived the presence of a positive ethical vision of patient care in their workplace were more likely to experience greater wellbeing when managerial support in dealing with ethical issues was high (vs. low). Thus, these findings provide suggestions for tailored interventions sustaining healthcare professionals along their daily activity characterized by high-demanding and challenging situations.
Auto-communicative reconstruction of meaningfulness in musical randomness: reclaiming musical order on Facebook
Authors: Järvekülg Madis , Ibrus Indrek
Published: September 2021

This article investigates how music-specific communities on Facebook self-organize in and respond to the digital music ecosystem dominated by streaming platforms such as Spotify and their algorithmic restructuring of music. By building on earlier work on digital platforms as archives, we differentiate between the “old” and “new” orders of music cultures. We also utilize Juri Lotman’s cultural semiotics and his concepts of semiosphere and auto-communication to make sense of communicative self-ordering and memory work by music-related communities on Facebook in Estonia. Based on ethnographic observations and in-depth interviews with local music experts, we demonstrate how communities focused on record collecting, specific music genres or music quizzing work auto-communicatively, build shared memories, identities, and self-organize in order to resist the “new musical order” that has resulted from the datafication and platformization of music markets.
World-building and the predicaments of our time
Authors: Taylor Dianna
Published: September 2021

Throughout his contributions to an expanding body of scholarship on the work of Hannah Arendt, James Bernauer has maintained that the concept of amor mundi, or love of the world, is foundational in Arendt’s thinking. He sees the centrality of amor mundi stemming from Arendt’s ongoing efforts to respond to and subsequently navigate the crisis in meaning produced by totalitarianism. This essay concurs with Bernauer’s perspective that throughout the course of her life Arendt was concerned with delineating the nature of, analyzing, and responding to the crisis that characterized the post-totalitarian West. At the same time, the essay interprets the effects of the crisis, and therefore how to proceed in its wake, differently. Whereas Bernauer considers amor mundi to be a redemptive project of “recovery” or world-rebuilding, this essay posits that the crisis in meaning denies the possibility of recovery. It therefore approaches amor mundi as a critical, creative, situational, ongoing process simply of world-building. The essay brings its critical version of amor mundi to bear through analyzing the world-threatening events that unfolded in the United States after the 2020 presidential election.
Comparison between Kimura’s disease and angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia: case reports and literature review
Authors: Zou Ailing , Hu Mengyao , Niu Bin
Published: September 2021

Kimura’s disease (KD) is a rare chronic inflammatory or allergic disease. Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE) is a benign vascular neoplasm. Their relationship has always been debated. This article reports two rare cases, one of each disease. One patient was a 48-year-old female that presented with a mass on her right mandible. She also had oedema erythema and wheals on her lower limbs. She was diagnosed with Kimura’s disease complicated with chronic urticaria. The second patient was a 23-year-old female that presented with multiple nodules of unequal size on the scalp. She was diagnosed with angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia. The first patient recovered after being treated with surgical resection, glucocorticosteroids, cyclophosphamide and radiotherapy. The second patient underwent the first stage of surgical excision and is currently being followed-up. Comparison of the clinical and histopathological features of these two cases supports the theory that KD and ALHE are two separate disease entities.
Thoracoscopic and laparoscopic resection of a huge oesophageal liposarcoma: a case report
Authors: Li Rui , Lin Chen , Huang Yuxun , Cao Liang , Hu Rui , Liu Feng , Shrestha Manishkumar , Chen Zixian , Guo Shunlin
Published: September 2021

Oesophageal liposarcomas are particularly rare, accounting for 1.2–1.5% of all gastrointestinal liposarcomas. Surgical resection is the usual treatment. Endoscopic resection is minimally invasive but still controversial. This current case report describes a rare case of a large oesophageal liposarcoma in a 52-year-old male that presented with 10-year history of dysphagia for dry and solid food that was exacerbated by a recent common cold. Thoracoscopic and laparoscopic oesophagectomy was performed. He did not have any dysphagia or dyspnoea 1 week postoperatively. The excised specimen consisted of a polypoid mass measuring 21.0 cm × 5.1 cm. Histological examination confirmed that it was an oesophageal liposarcoma. At 1-year postoperatively, there was no sign of recurrence. Thoracoscopy and laparoscopy can be used to treat large oesophageal masses. Long-term follow-up is required as oesophageal liposarcomas tend to recur.
Successful treatment of tuberculosis combined with drug-induced myopathy using corticosteroid therapy: a case report
Authors: Yuan Xinke , Chen Sijia , Huang Yinghong
Published: September 2021

A 39-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital on 19 January 2019 because of a 10-day history of intolerance to oils in her food, fatigue, and yellowing of the skin and sclera. In December 2018, the patient had been diagnosed with tuberculous pleurisy at a local hospital and received quadruple anti-tuberculosis treatment. Ten days before presentation to our hospital, she had developed anorexia, fatigue, nausea, loss of appetite, cough, and shortness of breath. She visited a local hospital, where she was considered to have drug-induced hepatitis. She discontinued the anti-tuberculosis drugs and liver protection treatment. After 3 days, her symptoms had not substantially improved. She visited the infection department of our hospital for further diagnosis and treatment. After 6 days of treatment, the patient’s symptoms were not significantly improved, her liver and muscle enzyme concentrations were further increased, and her limbs had become weaker and more difficult to move. We considered diagnoses of drug-induced hepatitis and drug-induced myopathy. The patient was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone at 40 mg once a day for 16 days and other symptomatic treatments. Her symptoms significantly improved and she was discharged.
Preoperative Short Physical Performance Battery as a predictor of prolonged hospitalization after coronary artery bypass grafting in older patients
Authors: Han Peipei , Yu Hairui , Zhang Yuanyuan , Xie Fandi , Shao Bohan , Liu Xiangjing , Yuan Bo , Liu Zhigang , Liu Xiaocheng , Guo Qi
Published: September 2021

Objective

The study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and its three components for identifying the requirement for a prolonged hospitalization for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in older patients.

Methods

This prospective, observational study included 425 older patients who consecutively underwent selective CABG surgery. All patients were assessed for the SPPB. We analysed the association of the postoperative length of hospital stay with the SPPB and three components. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine the validity of the SPPB for predicting older patients with a prolonged hospitalization (>8 days).

Results

The SPPB and its three individual components were independent risk factors for a prolonged postoperative length of hospital stay. Only the SPPB summary score and the 4-m gait speed components showed good discriminative capabilities. An SPPB score cut-off of 9.5 provided the best accuracy for identifying a prolonged hospitalization. A poor physical performance (SPPB <10 score) was related to an increased risk of adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events within 6 months after discharge.

Conclusions

This study provides evidence for clinical utility of the SPPB score for identifying older patients undergoing CABG who are at risk of prolonged hospitalization.
Exploratory fall risk and preventive intervention in acute vestibular neuritis
Authors: Park Euyhyun , Kim Sung Kyun , Jang Jinnyeong , Han Hye Min , Song Jae Jun , Chae Sung Won , Jung Hak Hyun , Im Gi Jung
Published: September 2021

Objective

To analyze recovery from dizziness in patients with acute vestibular neuritis (AVN) after applying the “Dizziness & Fall Risk Assessment and Intervention (DFRAI)”.

Methods

This prospective study involved patients with AVN who underwent a survey of dizziness and fall risk. The patients received medical treatment and customized vestibular rehabilitation, and vestibular function was evaluated at the initial attack and 3 months later.

Results

Forty-one patients underwent subjective questionnaire assessments, which showed significant improvement in visual analog scale-dizziness handicap inventory-fear of falling (VAS-DHI-FOF) results from the initial vertigo attack to 3 months later. In the sensory organization test (SOT), the initial composite score was 63 ± 13.1, which improved to 77.5 ± 4.9 3 months later. In caloric testing, the canal paresis (CP) score was 42.9 ± 35.2, which improved to 29.9 ± 23.5 3 months later.

Conclusions

Subjective improvement in dizziness and objective recovery of vestibular function were confirmed. DFRAI is a comprehensive solution for dizziness, and appropriate application of the DFRAI is expected to have a positive effect on recovery from dizziness and fall prevention in patients with AVN.
Piloleiomyosarcoma in cats: Histological and immunohistochemical features
Authors: Guisado Francisco Rodríguez , Castro Pedro Luis
Published: September 2021

This study describes the histomorphology and immunohistochemical profile of 9 cases of feline piloleiomyosarcoma. Cats ranged in age from 7 to 16 years (mean 10), and tumors were 7 to 24 mm in diameter (mean 15). Tumors were composed of fusiform cells that were haphazardly arranged or in variably sized interwoven bundles. Neoplastic cells had eosinophilic and fibrillar cytoplasm, and elongated blunt-ended nuclei. Entrapment of hair follicles and absence of vascular components support an origin from the smooth muscle cells of the arrector pili. Additional findings included bizarre nuclei and giant cells (7/9 cases), atypical mitoses (7/9 cases), ulceration (3/9 cases), and intratumoral necrosis (6/9 cases). Neoplastic cells expressed calponin, desmin, α-smooth muscle actin, and vimentin, but not CD18, CD31, cytokeratins, glial fibrillary acidic protein, neuron-specific enolase, Melan A, p63, or S-100 protein. Surgical excision was curative in 6/9 cases, with local recurrence in 2/9 cases and metastasis to local lymph nodes in 1/9 case. Clinical outcome was influenced by mitotic count, infiltration of subcutaneous tissue, and intensity of nuclear immunolabeling for p53.
Myocardial protein aggregates in pet guinea pigs
Authors: Southard Teresa , Kelly Kathleen , Armien Anibal G.
Published: September 2021

A retrospective study of guinea pigs submitted for necropsy revealed intracytoplasmic inclusions in the cardiomyocytes of 26 of 30 animals. The inclusions were found with approximately the same frequency in male and female guinea pigs and were slightly more common in older animals. In most cases, the animals did not have clinical signs or necropsy findings suggestive of heart failure, and the cause of death or reason for euthanasia was attributed to concurrent disease processes. However, the 4 guinea pigs with the highest inclusion body burden all had pulmonary edema, sometimes with intra-alveolar hemosiderin-laden macrophages, suggestive of heart failure. The inclusions were found in both the left and right ventricular myocardium, mainly in the papillary muscles, but were most common in the right ventricular free wall. No inclusions were detected in the atrial myocardium or in skeletal muscle. The inclusions did not stain with Congo red or periodic acid–Schiff. Electron microscopy revealed dense aggregates of disorganized myofilaments and microtubules that displaced and compressed the adjacent organelles. By immunohistochemistry, there was some scattered immunoreactivity for desmin and actin at the periphery of the inclusions and punctate actin reactivity within the aggregates. The inclusions did not react with antibodies to ubiquitin or cardiac myosin, but were variably reactive for alpha B crystallin, a small heat shock chaperone protein. The inclusions were interpreted as evidence of impaired proteostasis.