bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implication of Galaxy-scale Negative Feedback by One of the Most Powerful Multiphase Outflows in a Hyperluminous Infrared Galaxy at Intermediate Redshift
Authors: Chen Xiaoyang , Akiyama Masayuki , Ichikawa Kohei , Toba Yoshiki , Kawaguchi Toshihiro , Izumi Takuma , Saito Toshiki , Iono Daisuke , Imanishi Masatoshi , Lee Kianhong , Nagai Hiroshi , Noda Hirofumi , Abdurro’uf  , Kokubo Mitsuru , Matsumoto Naoki
Published: January 2025

Powerful galactic outflows driven by active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are commonly considered as one of the main mechanisms to regulate star formation in massive galaxies. Ultra- and hyperluminous IR galaxies (U/HyLIRGs) are thought to represent a transition phase of galaxies from a rapidly growing period to a quiescent status as gas is swept out by outflows, providing a laboratory in which to investigate outflows and their feedback effects on hosts. In this paper we report recent Gemini and Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of a HyLIRG, J1126, at z = 0.46842, which has been identified with a puzzling coexistence of a fast ionized outflow (>2000 km s−1) and an intense starburst (star formation rate of 800 M
⊙ yr−1). The Gemini observation shows the fast ionized outflow is extended to several kiloparsecs with a mass-loss rate of 180 M
⊙ yr−1. A massive molecular outflow with a high mass-loss rate (2500 M
⊙ yr−1) is revealed by ALMA. The multiphase outflows show large factors of momentum boost and loading of kinetic power, indicating a driving by the thermal pressure of a nuclear hot wind and/or the radiation pressure of a highly obscured AGN. In addition to ejection of kinetic energy, it is also found that the powerful outflow can induce an ionizing shock in the galaxy disk and enhance the excitation and dissociation of molecular gas. The powerful outflow probably results in an instantaneous negative feedback and shows potential to regulate host growth in the long term.
Type IV-like Solar Radio Burst Consisting of a Series of Short-time Bursts Observed by PSP
Authors: Ma 马 Bing 兵 , Chen 陈 Ling 玲 , Wu 吴 Dejin 德金 , Ning 宁 Zongjun 宗军 , Pulupa Marc , Bale Stuart D.
Published: January 2025

Solar and interplanetary radio bursts can reflect the existence and motion of energetic electrons and are therefore a kind of vital phenomenon in solar activities. The present study reported a solar radio storm observed by the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) in its eighth orbital encounter phase, and it lasted about 20 hr in a frequency range of 0.5–15 MHz, called the type IV-like burst. It consists of a series of numerous short-time (ST) bursts with the central frequency drifting slowly from  ~5 to  ~1 MHz, and each individual ST burst appears at a much faster frequency drifting rate and has a typical frequency range of a few MHz and a short duration of about 1–4 minutes. Based on the empirical models of the solar atmosphere adopted commonly, combining the in situ measurement by PSP, we analyzed and compared some possible mechanisms for the generation of these small-scale ST bursts and proposed that they were generated probably by a group of solitary kinetic Alfvén waves (SKAWs) in a magnetic loop accompanying coronal mass ejection and slowly moving outward, in which the frequency drifting of individual ST burst is caused by the SKAW's propagation and the central frequency drifting may be attributed to the motion of the magnetic loop.
Line List for the A2Π−X2Σ+ and the B2Σ+−X2Σ+ Band Systems of CaF
Authors: Lavy Léo , Bernath Peter F , Pastorek Adam
Published: January 2025

The spectral analysis of molecule-rich asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars is challenging. Although other calcium and fluorine bearing molecules are observed in the microwave and in the visible spectrum of AGB stars, CaF has never been detected, despite favorable chemical equilibrium predictions. Yet, measuring the CaF abundance could give more insight into the fluorine budget of AGB stars and allow better simulation of stellar spectra. In this work, we present an analysis of the visible spectrum of CaF obtained with a Fourier transform spectrometer. CaF A
2Π−X
2Σ+ and B
2Σ+−X
2Σ+ band systems were excited with a hollow cathode discharge. Using previous fluorescence spectroscopy measurements, highly accurate ground state constants, and reasonable extrapolation schemes, the strongest features of CaF in the visible spectrum can be accurately modeled for both band systems. Spectroscopic constants are determined for A
2 Π with v ≤ 16 and for B
2Σ+ with v ≤ 20. Ab initio transition dipole moment curves of both transitions were calculated and scaled, and we provide a line list with Einstein A coefficients and oscillator strengths. This line list can be used to simulate spectra of CaF at temperatures and pressures relevant to astrophysical environments.
Photolysis and Sublimation Chemistry of Ammonium Cyanide with Relevance to Cometary Environments
Authors: Wilkins O. H. , Yocum K. M. , Esposito V. J. , Harel E. , Milam S. N. , Gerakines P. A.
Published: January 2025

Bulk nitrogen is depleted in solar system objects, including the terrestrial planets, chondritic meteorites, and comets. Recently, it was suggested that cometary nitrogen may be locked up in ammonium salts—ionic solids comprising ammonia (NH3) and an acid such as hydrogen cyanide (HCN)—based on Rosetta/ROSINA data from comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimanko. Among the proposed salts to have been found in 67P were ammonium cyanide (

NH

4

CN

) and ammonium cyanate (

NH

4

OCN

), which were inferred from identifying HCN, cyanamide (

NH

2

CN

), and isocyanic acid (HNCO) in the mass spectrometry data collected in the coma of 67P. However, the relationship between these salts and the proposed tracers had not previously been studied experimentally. We investigated the ultraviolet photolysis and sublimation chemistry of

NH

4

CN

and

NH

3

+
HCN
+

H

2

O

samples formed at 125 K in the laboratory and monitored the ice samples and resulting gas mixtures using infrared and submillimeter spectroscopies, respectively. We find

NH

2

CN

forms from

NH

4

CN

but only in the presence of water. When starting from salts, both

NH

2

CN

and HNCO seem to form only in the gas phase as the salts dissociate upon sublimation and not in the photolyzed ice.
Association between abatacept exposure levels and infection occurrence in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: post hoc analysis of the AVERT-2 study
Authors: Emery Paul , Fleischmann Roy , Wong Robert , Lozenski Karissa , Tanaka Yoshiya , Bykerk Vivian P. , Bingham Clifton O. , Huizinga Thomas W.J. , Citera Gustavo , Perera Vidya , Murthy Bindu , Maxwell Kelly Fellows , Passarell Julie , Hedrich William D , Williams Daphne
Published: January 2025

Objective

To determine if higher serum exposure during subcutaneous (SC) abatacept treatment was associated with an increased infection risk in adult patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

Data from AVERT-2 (Assessing Very Early Rheumatoid arthritis Treatment-2,NCT02504268), a randomized, placebo-controlled study in anticitrullinated protein antibody– positive patients with early RA, were analyzed. A post hoc population pharmacokinetic (PPK) analysis was performed. Association between steady-state abatacept concentration exposures (steady-state time-averaged serum concentration, steady-state trough serum concentration, steady-state maximum serum concentration) and first infection was evaluated using Kaplan–Meier plots of probability versus time on treatment and Cox proportional-hazards models.

Results

PK of SC abatacept was defined as a linear 2-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination; higher body weight was the only covariate with a clinically relevant effect in the final PPK model. Infections occurred in 330/693 (47.6%; 11/693 [1.6%] serious infections) patients treated with abatacept+methotrexate (MTX) and 134/301 (44.5%; 4/301 [1.3%] serious infections), with abatacept placebo+MTX. Exposure–response analysis demonstrated no exposure relationship for an increased risk of first infection with concomitant use of MTX and glucocorticoids during the induction period, baseline glucocorticoid use, or higher than median body weight at baseline (> 70 kg).

Conclusion

This exposure–response analysis of AVERT-2 showed no increase in the risk of first infection, regardless of abatacept exposure level in patients with RA treated with SC abatacept. Similarly, no effect on the risk of first infection was found for concomitant MTX and glucocorticoid use in patients with RA treated with SC abatacept+MTX.
Association Between Patient Perception of Disease Status and Different Components of the Minimal Disease Activity Criteria in Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Yazji Sarah M. , Helliwell Philip S. , Balanescu Andra , Dernis Emmanuelle , Kiltz Uta , Kalyoncu Umut , Leung Ying Ying , Orbai Ana-Maria , Smolen Josef S. , de Wit Maarten , Gossec Laure , Coates Laura C.
Published: January 2025

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether meeting minimal disease activity (MDA) as measured by the MDA criteria was perceived as good disease control by patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) regardless of which MDA components were not met.

Methods

We analyzed data from the Remission/Flare in PsA (ReFlaP) study (ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT03119805), a cross-sectional international study of adult patients with PsA. Patients self-reported if they felt their PsA was in remission (REM), low disease activity (LDA), or neither. The relationship between patient-reported status and the MDA components met was analyzed using point-biserial correlation, chi-square test, odds ratios, and specificity.

Results

Of the study participants who met MDA, 88.4% reported good disease status (REM/LDA). Pain was the most commonly unmet component. A moderate to strong correlation was found between meeting more MDA components and patient-reported good status irrespective of component unmet. On individual component testing, MDA state and patient-reported REM/LDA were significantly associated irrespective of unmet component, with the exception of entheses. Specificity of the MDA score irrespective of the unmet component was > 90%. The odds of MDA patients reporting poor disease status were significant only for when pain visual analog score (VAS) < 1 was the unmet component. This significance was not supported by the sensitivity analysis.

Conclusion

This study suggests strong agreement between MDA status and patient-reported good status irrespective of unmet component. Pain < 1 or 2 on a 0-10 VAS was the hardest component to meet. The high specificity regardless of the unmet MDA component suggests patients who feel their disease is active are minimally misclassified by the score.
Inégalités sociales de santé et confinement : quels effets des conditions sociales d’existence sur le vécu des personnes atteintes par la mucoviscidose en France pendant la pandémie de Covid-19 ?
Authors: Pombet Thibaud , Bégot Anne Cécile
Published: January 2025

La pandémie de Covid-19 et les mesures de confinement associées ont fortement impacté la gestion institutionnelle des maladies chroniques sur le plan international. Dans le contexte français, cet article interroge l’effet différencié de la situation sanitaire selon les conditions sociales d’existence des personnes atteintes par la mucoviscidose. Notre analyse s’appuie sur le volet qualitatif d’une recherche à dimension nationale, comprenant la conduite de 28 entretiens approfondis, conduits de manière longitudinale avec 15 personnes aux profils sociaux diversifiés (âge, sexe, classe sociale) pour interroger leur expérience de la maladie et des soins pendant cette période. Les résultats montrent que les caractéristiques propres aux classes sociales ou à certaines assignations sociales (de sexe et d’âge) peuvent conduire à l’adoption de comportements différenciés et à des vécus différents sur trois domaines – l’accès à l’information sur le Covid-19, les expériences de sociabilité et la pratique d’activités physiques et sportives – ouvrant à la production, au renforcement ou à la persistance d’inégalités sociales de santé.
Les réformes du stationnement dans les villes californiennes
Authors: Shoup Donald
Published: January 2025

Les États-Unis ont la réputation d’être particulièrement accommodants avec les véhicules automobiles en général et leur stationnement en particulier. Cet article montre que de nettes inflexions sont à l’œuvre en Californie, État déjà en pointe en matière de transition énergétique du parc automobile. Les gouvernements urbains restaient attachés à la fixation d’un nombre élevé de places offertes hors voirie lors de la construction de nouveaux logements, commerces ou bureaux, tout en restant attachés à la gratuité du stationnement sur voirie, ce qui était loin de faciliter le transfert modal vers des transports publics pourtant développés par les mêmes gouvernements. Des réformes récentes rectifient nettement cette trajectoire peu vertueuse.
Évolution de la vitesse commerciale des autobus : le cas des lignes C5 et C7 du réseau de Nantes
Authors: Oillo Benoît
Published: January 2025

La vitesse commerciale des autobus est un sujet important du fait de ses implications sur les coûts de production du service, mais aussi sur son attractivité pour les utilisateurs. L’étude menée sur deux lignes structurantes du réseau de Nantes met en œuvre une méthode dite microscopique, permettant de lier la vitesse commerciale aux caractéristiques de segments différenciés. Elle opère également un suivi longitudinal sur plusieurs années, permettant de déceler les causes localisées de l’évolution à la baisse des vitesses.
Multiple solutions for a singular fractional Kirchhoff problem with variable exponents
Authors: Alghamdi Najla , Ghanmi Abdeljabbar
Published: January 2025

In this work, we studied the multiplicity of solutions for a Kirchhoff problem involving the $ \kappa(\xi) $-fractional derivative and critical exponent. More precisely, we transformed the studied problem into an integral equation that lead to the study of the critical point for the energy functional; after that, we presented and proved some properties related to this functional and demonstrated that the energy functional satisfied the geometry of the mountain pass geometry. Finally, by applying the mountain pass theorem for the even functional, we proved that this functional admitted infinitely many critical points, which means that the studied problem has infinitely many solutions.
Introduction to the Disability Discourse and Need for Assistive Technology
Authors: Srivastava Saumya
Published: January 2025

Corporeal inefficiency debars disabled individuals from participating actively in societal development. This study confers a central position on disabled people while allocating a peripheral position to the non-disabled. Disability studies is an interdisciplinary field that focuses on the social, political, and cultural interpretation of disability. In contemporary times, we can use Artificial Intelligence (AI) to assist disabled identities lead better lives. These assistive tools are not only user-friendly but also help in creating an unmatched user experience. Assistive technology enhances the engineering of mobility, rehabilitation, education, welfare, and other facilities. Machine learning and telecare products enable people to come out of their homes and contribute to nation-building. In the process, this reduces dependence and fosters self-confidence in oneself. Prostheses, memory aids, wheelchairs, spectacles, hearing aids, etc. are some of the assistive technological apparatuses that make the lives of many disabled individuals easier and better.
Addressing the Challenges to Accessibility and Research Gaps in Assistive Technology
Authors: Verma Arun , Maurya Madan Chandra
Published: January 2025

This paper will address the shortcomings of the research being done in the field of assistive technology and how the lack of access to such essential technology is an unfortunate general case as a result of a number of factors, including lack of funding and development, insufficient knowledge, poor economic means, and prevalent societal barriers. Education in this field also plays a major role in instilling in people an emphatic understanding of assistive technological solutions by giving them a scientific or rational backing, as opposed to the stereotype against them that impedes their active awareness efforts. With modern scientific and technological advancements, assistive technology has also progressed. Modern technology has developed new ways of addressing disabilities, both psychological and physical in nature, but access to them remains a distant affair altogether. Only developed countries have access to these advanced technologies, leaving low- and middle-income countries way behind.
Recent Trends in Soft Robotics for Assistive Technologies
Authors: Anil Chandra G. V. S. , Jeevan S. , Biradar Shantagoud , Raghavan Ramya
Published: January 2025

Wearable healthcare devices have transformed personal health management through continuous monitoring. Soft robotics, with its emphasis on compliant and adaptable systems, offers a new paradigm for human-machine interaction. This emerging field holds immense potential for developing wearable devices that seamlessly integrate with the human body. By employing soft robotic technologies, we can create innovative tools for assessing physical ergonomics and informing lifestyle and medical interventions. This integration of soft robotics with wearable health monitoring promises to revolutionize preventive healthcare and personalized medicine. This work provides a comprehensive overview of healthcare applications for aging population and mobility impaired. By examining various techniques, we aim to establish a solid foundation for understanding the current landscape of this field.
A Study on Sustainable Building Design by the Psychological Impact of LED Lighting
Authors: Nozawa Ayumu , Fukagawa Kenta , Kurazumi Yoshihito , Uehara Iori
Published: January 2025

The majority of energy consumption in buildings is attributed to air conditioning and lighting systems. To address environmental concerns and reduce energy consumption, minimizing the energy usage associated with these systems is imperative. This study investigates the impact of LED lighting's illuminance and correlated color temperature changes on psychological evaluations in indoor settings. The research aims to contribute to sustainable building design by enhancing energy efficiency through lighting design. Furthermore, it aims to validate the Kruithof curve in LED lighting. The experiment, conducted in the summer of 2023, involved 17 female students experiencing various lighting conditions in a controlled environment. Illuminance levels ranged from 100 to 3000 lx, and color temperatures ranged from 2800 to 5200 K. Using a 7-point impression evaluation (SD method) with 20 pairs of adjectives, three factors ("Comfort," "Cleanliness," "Dynamism") were identified to explain variations in evaluations. A strong positive correlation was found between "Comfort" and color temperature. Comparison with Kruithof's experiment revealed different trends, with "Comfort" scores being positive at specific color temperatures above a certain illuminance level.
Quaternary Ammonium and Pyridinium Salts as Modifiers of the Rheological Properties of Geopolymer Pastes
Authors: Rovnaník Pavel , Žižlavský Tomáš
Published: January 2025

The study investigates the impact of quaternary ammonium and pyridinium salts on the rheological properties of metakaolin-based geopolymer pastes, with a focus on their application in 3D printing technology The experimental results demonstrated that the addition of these salts increased both the plastic viscosity and yield stress of the geopolymer mixtures, with the effect intensifying with higher concentrations and longer aliphatic chains. The coefficient of consistency derived from Herschel-Bulkley model increased from 1.78 up to 3.83 Pa·sn and the yield stress rose from 3.4 up to 31.8 Pa. The study also observed a shift from shear-thickening to shear-thinning behaviour and reduction in thixotropic properties with increased dosages of the admixtures, which is beneficial for 3D printing. The mechanical properties of modified geopolymer mortars were also tested and the results revealed quite negligible effect of admixtures on flexural strength. The compressive strength was slightly reduced by up to 12%. The findings suggest that these admixtures are effective in modifying the rheological properties of geopolymers, making them more suitable for advanced applications like 3D printing.
Controllability, Dynamics and Randomness: The Generation of Visualization Integration in Parametric Tools during Architectural Design Process
Authors: Han Tianyu
Published: January 2025

This paper delves into the spatial representation derived from the interplay of controllability, dynamics, and randomness inherent in parametric technology. By synthesizing pertinent literature and employing digital modeling, it seeks to innovate architectural design and visualization through the developmental trajectory of conceptual comprehensive space design. The evolution of design will be delineated into distinct components, conducting digital simulation under the manipulation of key variables. The paper proposes to explore the manipulation of form, the generation of stochastic facades and the simulation of dynamic shapes to demonstrate the functionality of generative systems within the design process. Thereby, after analyzing the potential applications of parametric techniques and their utilization in experimental research, this article endeavors to furnish references and recommendations for their integration into architectural design, parametric generative design, and allied fields.
Harnessing Radiant Energies: A Review of Current Technologies of Infrared Nanoantennas and its Future Role in Transforming Buildings into Self-Sustaining Power Cells
Authors: Oliveira Francisco , Louro Margarida , Diogo Alexandrino
Published: January 2025

The integration of infrared nanoantenna technology into architectural design presents a novel approach to enhancing buildings’ energy efficiency by converting ambient electromagnetic radiation, particularly in the infrared spectrum, into usable electrical power. This technology offers significant potential to reduce buildings’ reliance on external power sources, contributing to a more sustainable energy ecosystem. The development of advanced nanotechnology, metamaterials, and responsive coatings is essential for creating adaptive surfaces capable of capturing and utilizing radiant energy. Given the increasing global energy demand and the urgency to combat climate change, infrared nanoantennas represent a promising frontier in renewable energy harvesting. This paper provides a detailed examination of recent advancements in nanoantenna technology, fabrication methods, and integration strategies within building materials. Furthermore, it addresses the practical challenges of implementing these systems in architectural design, offering insights into how this emerging technology could contribute to the development of self-sustaining, energy-efficient structures.
Identification of Building Envelope Characteristics to Reduce Vulnerability against Earthquakes and Meteorological Hazards
Authors: Zitiello Enrico Pasquale , Marmo Rossella , Fraiese Mariacarla , Castelluccio Roberto , Salzano Antonio
Published: January 2025

The building envelope is particularly vulnerable to natural hazards, and it requires new solutions to combine the need for adaptation with the need to mitigate natural hazards. As global temperatures rise, extreme weather events become more frequent, and urban heat islands form, innovative solutions are crucial to mitigate damage and improve building performance. This article aims to identify characteristics of building envelope elements to reduce damage related to the effects of a set of natural hazards of interest, i.e., meteorological and seismic events. The article begins by identifying and quantifying the natural hazards that primarily affect building envelopes. It then examines the impact of these hazards on various envelope elements. The results are a list of performance-based interventions to reduce the vulnerability of envelope technical elements against the hazards of interest. This study offers preliminary results from a broader analysis aimed at quantifying risks to urban environments due to vulnerable building envelope elements. It calls for a reassessment of the typological and performance characteristics of building envelopes to better withstand natural hazards.
Chlorophyll and Magnesium Content of Papaya Leaves Extract (Carica Papaya L.) at Various Extraction Times
Authors: Sari P. D. , Wijaya I. M. A. S. , Giriantari I. A. D. , Wartini N. M. , Hartati R. S.
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This research is to determine the suitable extraction time required to obtain extracts with the highest contents of chlorophyll and magnesium.Research Method: Papaya leaves extracted by maceration method with acetone as a solvent, 4 groups with 6 levels of extraction time treatment. Chlorophyll contents were analyzed using the Arnon equation, magnesium contents were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), and the energy gap was analyzed for the highest chlorophyll contents by touch plot method.Findings: 48 hours extraction treatment showed the highest chlorophyll and magnesium content, resulting in an average content of 13.272 mg/L for total chlorophyll, 11.380 mg/L for chlorophyll a, 1.881 mg/L for chlorophyll b and 934.771 mg/kg of magnesium content. The direct energy gap and indirect energy gap of the highest extract are respectively obtained at 2.428 eV and 2.442 eV.Originality/Value: Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that papaya leaf extraction for 48 hours produced the highest chlorophyll and magnesium contents, which can be used as a natural dye sensitizer for renewable energy Dye-Sensitized Solar cells
Synthetic Pesticides and Farmer Health Awareness in Alegria, Surigao del Norte, Philippines
Authors: Anode A. T. , Taer E. C. , Taer A. T.
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the effects of pesticide use on the health of farmers and raise awareness and knowledge of the proper use, handling, application, and waste disposal of pesticides to prevent detrimental effects on their health.Research Method: The study used a close-ended structured survey questionnaire and employed non-probability sampling based on convenience in selecting 100 farmers. The survey gathered data on the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants, pesticide use, mixing and application of pesticides, after-spraying practices, and farmers’ health. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the collected data.Findings: The study found that over half of the participants perceived symptoms of pesticide poisoning (68%). The most prevalent complaints felt by farmers right after applying pesticides were skin irritation (50%), dry throat (35%), headache (16%), eye irritation (11%), nose irritation (9%), dizziness (4%), blurring of eyes (2%), and weakness or fatigue (1%). These symptoms were attributed to the longevity of pesticide exposure, unsafe storage practices, improper disposal of empty pesticide containers, and the lack of use of personal protective devices.Research Limitations: The study is limited by the non-probability sampling method used in selecting the participants, which may limit the generalizability of the results. Moreover, self-reporting and recall bias may have also affected the accuracy of the data collected.Originality/ Value: According to the research, farmers must be educated on pesticide usage, handling, application, and disposal to avoid health problems. The report also calls for legislative initiatives to address pesticide abuse and safety in agriculture, especially in rural regions.
Towards Sustainable Postharvest Management of Mangoes in Sri Lanka; Evaluating Current Practices, Latest Research, and Future Interventions
Authors: Rajapakse R. P. S. S. , Weerahewa H. L. D.
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This research aims to examine the sustainable postharvest management of mangoes in Sri Lanka, identifying the gap between current practices and recommended practices, and exploring future perspectives through recent discoveries in the field of mango postharvest management in the country.Research Method: A Literature review was employed to gather information and insights.Findings: The study reveals a significant disparity between the recommended postharvest handling practices and the methods currently practiced in Sri Lanka. The identified gaps encompass inadequate preharvest strategies, inappropriate harvesting practices, insufficient disease prevention measures in field operations, limited use of treatments at packhouses, questionable ripening protocols, and problematic transportation practices. Although many innovative research studies have been conducted in Sri Lanka to control postharvest losses, many of them were halted at the primary level, without follow-up, application of findings on a commercial scale, or implementation of recommendations.Research Limitations: The main focus is only on the mango value chain in Sri Lanka and there is limited published information on mango postharvest management in Sri Lanka.Value: This research highlights the value of addressing postharvest losses in mangoes, providing insights into the gap between recommended and practiced methods in Sri Lanka. It serves as a case study for countries facing similar challenges, promoting the dissemination of knowledge and fostering sustainable mango value chains globally.
Jackfruit Bronzing Disease Surveillance Study in Selected Orchards of Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Gan H. Y. , Govender N. , Wong M. Y.
Published: January 2025

Purpose: IIn Malaysia, jackfruit (variety Tekam Yellow) significantly contributes to the nation’s economy. The valuable fruit production is affected by jackfruit bronzing disease (JBD). Information on JBD occurrence in Peninsular Malaysia is necessary to develop effective disease control strategies. Hence, this study aimed to survey JBD occurrence and identify the corresponding causative pathogens in selected jackfruit orchards distributed in Peninsular Malaysia.Research Method: A total of eight jackfruit orchards from five states in Peninsular Malaysia were selected for JBD sampling. Fruit samples were described for characteristic symptoms and disease incidence was expressed in percentage. The causative pathogens were identified using morphological observation and molecular methods while the pathogenicity test was done using Koch’s Postulates.Findings: JBD incidence in Peninsular Malaysia ranged between 20.13-70.25%. JBD-causal pathogen isolation showed that the bacterium was gram-negative, oxidase-negative, and non-capsulated straight rod shape with an average size of 0.35 x 1.31 μm (facultative anaerobic). A DNA sequence analysis on the 16S rRNA gene indicated that 15 putative isolates were unique to P. stewartii and one to P. dispersal at a 99-100% similarity index. Pathogenicity test of the P. stewartii isolates showed JBD characteristic symptoms suggesting that JBD occurrence caused by P. stewartii is common in Peninsular Malaysia and the pathogen could co-exist with P. dispersa.Research Limitations: The number of orchards sampled in this study is low and therefore, the findings pose biases to a certain extent.Originality/Value: JBD occurrence is common in small jackfruit orchards in Peninsular Malaysia. JBD is primarily caused by P. stewartii while both P. stewartii and P. dispersa could co-exist in JBD pathosystem
Risk factor clusters for non-communicable diseases in adolescents in Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Mathe Avela , Van Gent Maya M. , Van Niekerk Leon R.
Published: January 2025

Background: The increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among adolescents in South Africa is a growing public health concern.Aim: To examine the clustering of NCD risk factors, with a focus on gender, socio-economic status (SES) and perceived stress among adolescents.Setting: The study involved adolescents from eight schools in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality and Amatole district, Eastern Cape.Methods: A stratified random sample of 266 adolescents (aged 12 years–18 years) was assessed for anthropometric, physiological, and perceived stress measures. Data included body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), cholesterol, glucose levels, and perceived stress (via the Perceived Stress Scale). Analysis involved descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, t-tests, and k-means clustering.Results: Females (n = 155) showed a higher prevalence of NCD risk factors, with 80.2% classified as overweight or obese compared to 19.8% of males, and 77.2% had elevated cholesterol versus 22.8% of males. Perceived stress was higher in affluent schools (59.8%) despite fewer metabolic risks. K-means analysis identified four health profiles with significant SES and health differences (p  0.001). Cluster 1 (high SES) showed elevated BP, BMI, and stress, while Clusters 2–4 (low SES) varied in risks, with Cluster 4 showing the highest BP and metabolic risks despite low stress.Conclusion: These results highlight unique health profiles and risk factors across socio- economic contexts, with female adolescents from lower socio-economic backgrounds facing greater metabolic risks.Contribution: This Study provides original insights into the interplay between gender, SES and perceived stress in shaping NCD risk among South African adolescents.
Missional insights on socio-political realities, religious vulnerability, and the choice of Barabbas
Authors: Ferreira Ignatius W.
Published: January 2025

This article presents a missional perspective on the complex interplay between socio-political realities, religious vulnerability and the formation of political ideologies among Western Christians, drawing insights from the biblical narrative of the choice of Barabbas at Jesus’s trial. In today’s world, Western Christians are confronted with numerous socio-political challenges that can compromise their spiritual discernment, leading to religious delusion and, potentially, the adoption of politicised ideologies. Through a deep dive into the Jewish choice of Barabbas over Jesus, we seek to unravel the underlying dynamics. By examining the socio-political context of Roman occupation and Jewish societal pressures, we illuminate how these external factors influenced the religious vulnerability of the Jewish people. Furthermore, we explore how this vulnerability manifested in the decision to prefer Barabbas, a figure representing worldly resistance, over Jesus Christ, the embodiment of divine grace. From a missional perspective, we reflect on the implications of this historical event for contemporary Western Christian engagement with socio-political issues. We argue that understanding the delicate interplay between socio-political context, religious vulnerability and political ideology is essential for Western Christians seeking to embody the transformative mission of Christ in today’s world.Contribution: This article contributes to missional theology by offering insights into how believers can navigate socio-political complexities with spiritual discernment and faithful witness.
COVID-19 in patients with severe mental illness: An analysis of in-patients at a psychiatric hospital in Cape Town
Authors: Sablay Haseena B. , Cossie Qhama Z. , Pieterse Deirdre I.
Published: January 2025

Background: Psychiatric patients in specialist units are more vulnerable to infections such as SARS-COV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) because of hospital infrastructure and patients’ mental health.Aim: This study aimed to describe the psychiatric and medical profile, and the risk factors associated with more severe disease and clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with severe mental illness (SMI) admitted to a specialist psychiatric hospital in South Africa between 01 April 2020 and 30 September 2021.Setting: The study was executed at the Vàlkenberg Hospital (VBH), which is a government-funded, specialised psychiatric hospital. The hospital comprises 370 beds made up of 145 forensic service beds and 225 acute service beds. It provides in-patient and out-patient services.Methods: Demographic and clinical information were collected for all VBH in-patients who tested positive for SARS-COV-2 from 01 April 2020 to 30 September 2021.Results: A total of 254 participants tested positive for SARS-COV-2. The sample comprised 75% (n = 191) males with a mean age of 35.7 years. Most patients were diagnosed with schizophrenia (37%, n = 94), bipolar disorder (21%, n = 54) and schizoaffective disorder (19%, n = 49). Reported comorbidities included nicotine use (71%, n = 181), hypertension (11%, n = 28) and human immunodeficiency virus (7%, n = 18). Most patients (62%, n = 156) were symptomatic for COVID-19. Seven per cent (n = 17) required transfer to a medical ward. Almost all patients (99%, n = 252) recovered and 1% (n = 2) died.Conclusion: Contrary to early fears of high mortality among institutionalised SMI patients, most experienced mild COVID-19 illness and recovered.Contribution: This descriptive study provided information on in-patients with COVID-19 disease at a specialised psychiatric hospital during the pandemic.
Autostable-II stent versus bicanalicular silicon intubation for management of lacrimal canalicular obstruction
Authors: Khalil Zamzam M.A. , Abdallah Raafat M.A. , Elshafei Ahmed M.K. , Abdelrahman Amr A.M.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To compare the anatomical and functional results of the use of Autostable-II self-retaining stent (A-II SRS) and bicanalicular silicone tube (BST) in the treatment of epiphora due to distal or common canalicular obstruction.

Setting and design

This prospective, comparative, interventional study was conducted at El Minia University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology.

Patients and methods

This study included 80 eyes of 65 patients and was performed from March 2020 to June 2021 in Minia University Hospital. Detailed history taking, anterior segment examination, lacrimal probing, and syringing were done. The patients were evaluated 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively when A-II SRS and BST were removed and 3 months after their removal.

Results

Eighty eyes of 56 patients with distal canalicular obstruction were evaluated in this study. Patients in group A were treated using A-II SRS (FCI), and patients in group B were treated by BST (EAGLE LABS). Results revealed a highly statistically significant difference between the two groups in epiphora grading 1 day postoperatively (P=0.013) and no significant difference between the two groups postoperatively at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. Objective improvement indicated by fluorescein dye disappearance test by the end of the follow-up period revealed no significant difference between the two studied groups (P=0.39). Regarding tube position, in group A, two (5%) stents were extruded. In group B, only one (2.5%) was prolapsed and removed by the end of the first month.

Conclusion

The advantage of A-II SRS set over BST intubation surgery for lacrimal canalicular obstruction is easy placement without general anesthesia. However, extra costs are needed for A-II SRS, which is an important issue in areas with low economic income.
The temporal inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique versus multilayered inverted flap technique in patients with idiopathic macular hole
Authors: Elgouhary Sameh M. , Abd-elmoaty Safaa M. , Salama Ahmed A.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

This study aimed to compare the temporal inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap technique with the multilayered inverted ILM flap technique for treating idiopathic macular holes (IMHs) by assessing anatomical outcomes using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and functional outcomes through best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Background

ILM flaps act as a scaffold that promotes macular hole closure by facilitating cell proliferation and migration.

Patients and methods

Patients with IMHs were divided into two groups. Group A underwent the temporal inverted ILM flap technique, while group B received the multilayered inverted ILM flap technique. Preoperative assessment of BCVA, OCT and OCTA. Follow-up at 1, 3, and 6 months by OCT and assessment of BCVA, and OCTA at 3 months.

Results

The study included 20 eyes with IMH: group A (mean age 60.9±4.51 years) and group B (mean age 62.7±3.74 years). Postoperative OCT revealed no significant differences in closure patterns between the groups. Group A had 60% type U, 10% type V, and 20% type W closure patterns, with 10% of cases failing to close. Group B had 70% type U, 20% type V, and 10% type W closure patterns. BCVA improved from 0.06±0.02 to 0.24±0.14 in group A and from 0.05±0.02 to 0.30±0.11 in group B.

Conclusion

While no significant anatomical differences were observed between the two techniques, the multilayered inverted ILM flap technique demonstrated superior functional outcomes compared with the temporal flap technique.
Role of pattern and multifocal electroretinogram for macular evaluation in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with fingolimod
Authors: Abdelgawad Randa H. , Abdel Wadood Yasmine Z. , Seif Mohamed Y.S. , Sultan Mahmoud A. , Zamzam Dina A. , Aboud Safaa A.M.
Published: January 2025

Objective

To detect the role of pattern electroretinogram (PERG) and multifocal electroretinogram (MfERG) for macular function evaluation in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS) treated by fingolimod.

Patients and methods

This prospective research was carried out on 25 patients with RR-MS (50 eyes), treated by fingolimod, with no ophthalmic disorders or complaints before the onset of the treatment, including no history of optic neuritis. PERG, MfERG, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography were performed before then 3 and 6 months after the treatment.

Results

Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) significantly decreased in third and sixth months compared to baseline (P<0.001). Central macular thickness showed nonsignificant change. PERG waveform abnormalities were detected in 2.5% of patients at third month (P=0.9) and 27.5% in sixth month (P<0.001). PERG P50 amplitude nonsignificantly decreased in third month (P=0.6), then significantly decreased at sixth month (P=0.021). PERG N95 amplitude showed no significant difference (P=0.345). MfERG revealed nonsignificant decrease of P1 amplitude of all five rings at third and sixth months. The duration of MS had significant negative correlations with BCVA, amplitude, and amplitude change of P1 of both ring 1 and ring 2.

Conclusion

Treatment with fingolimod for 6 months led to a significant reduction in BCVA and PERG responses and a slight decrease in P1 amplitude of MfERG before detection of any structural macular changes by optical coherence tomography. This indicates the role of PERG and MfERG as biomarkers for the early detection of macular function alteration in RR-MS fingolimod-treated cases.
The Impact of Listening to Quran Recitation during Pain-Inducing Procedure among Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation Support: An Interventional Study
Authors: Rababa Mohammad , Al-Sabbah Shatha , Hayajneh Audai
Published: January 2025

Background:

Pain experienced by intubated patients is caused by several extrinsic sources, including nursing care procedures such as endotracheal suctioning. Several nonpharmacological therapies, including listening to Quran recitation, have never been tested for their pain relief effects among intubated patients, despite these therapies being cost-effective, easy to implement, and free of adverse effects. This study aimed to examine the pain-relieving effect of listening to Quran recitation during pain-inducing procedures in patients receiving mechanical ventilation support.

Materials and Methods:

This pilot study used an experimental design with 32 intubated patients at King Abdullah University Hospital in Irbid, Jordan. The Behavioral Pain Scale and Ramsay Sedation Scale were used to assess pain levels and sedation, and physiologic parameters were monitored before and during endotracheal suctioning.

Results:

The findings showed significant differences in Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS) scores and heart rate measures between the intervention and control groups after controlling for the level of sedation. The patients in the intervention group scored lower pain and HR measures than those in the control group (F5,26 = 11.47, p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

The findings showed significant improvement in the levels of pain and heart rate measures among intubated patients who are exposed to Quran recitation. Complementary medicine is essential to the healthcare plans of critically ill patients and their families. Holy Quran recitation has been reported to be a useful nonpharmacological intervention for critically ill Muslim patients.
Maternal Mortality Determinants in Rural Kenya: An Audit of Three Hospitals
Authors: Masaba Brian Barasa , Mmusi-Phetoe Rose M. , Rono Bernard , Muthiani Daniel Kyalo , Taiswa Jonathan , Ojiambo Stephenie Lydia , Moraa Damaris , Moturi John Kennedy
Published: January 2025

Background:

Global health agencies advocate that no mother should die while giving life, more so from preventable causes. However, there are persistently high maternal mortalities in various regions with a current global maternal mortality ratio of 211/100,000 live births. This study sought to investigate the causes and determinants of maternal mortality.

Materials and Methods:

A four-year retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in three tertiary hospitals within Migori county in Kenya. Data were extracted from 101 maternal mortality records from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2019.

Results:

Leading complications were hemorrhage 34.70%, eclampsia 20.80%, and sepsis 15.80%. Mothers who were unmonitored using partograph, had reactive HIV status, were in the postpartum period, were referred from periphery facilities, and low socioeconomic levels were most vulnerable.

Conclusions:

Improvement in healthcare systems to enable optimal care to mothers diagnosed with leading complications and socioeconomically empowering women in Migori county is urgently needed.
Association of Thyroid Function Test Values with Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain: A Systematic Review of Literature Reviews
Authors: Goodarzi-Khoigani Masoomeh , Ardakani Tayebe Shojaddni , Shirazi Maryam
Published: January 2025

Background:

Gestational Weight Gain (GWG) is an important indicator affecting pregnancy outcome, and thyroid hormones are also weight regulators. Researchers showed that thyroid hormones were correlated to prepregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI) and GWG. However, the normal ranges of thyroid parameters and GWG depend on the trimester of measurement. Therefore, we systematically reviewed the current knowledge on the association between thyroid function tests and prepregnancy BMI and GWG.

Materials and Methods:

This review was finally conducted on nine articles, while Google Scholar and databases such as Scopus, Medline, Cochrane Library, ISI Web of Science, Science Direct, and ProQuest were searched to find English articles from October 2022 to June 2023.

Results:

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) was positively correlated with prepregnancy BMI, while Free Thyroxine (FT4) was inversely correlated. TSH was positively related to weight gain and BMI in the first trimester, while the relationship was negative for FT4. Free Triiodothyronine (FT3) had a positive relationship with BMI in the first trimester (p = 0.004). Furthermore, TSH level was not associated with GWG in the second and third trimesters, while FT4 was inversely correlated with GWG. FT3 also increased with BMI in the second trimester and not in the third trimester (p < 0.001). Finally, there was a positive correlation between thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies values and prepregnancy BMI as well as maternal BMI, but the data were inconsistent.

Conclusions:

Determining the relationship between thyroid hormone levels and prepregnancy BMI and/or GWG may help researchers and clinicians manage weight gain and/or thyroid function in pregnancy.