bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La traducción como acto político: reescritura de fragmentos del clásico infantil The adventures of Huckleberry Finn con enfoque feminista
Authors:   , Rodríguez Salvatierra Belén del Pilar
Published: September 2023

Esta investigación se centra en una reescritura feminista al español de fragmentos del clásico estadounidense de literatura infantil The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn de Mark Twain. El análisis comparativo conducente a esta reescritura, en la que se utilizaron un texto de partida en inglés y dos traducciones al español, se enfocó en el dilema de la belleza y en los estereotipos de género de los personajes femeninos, de acuerdo con las categorías desarrolladas por Mallan (2009) y Cook & Cusack (2010), respectivamente. El estudio dio como resultado que el dilema de la belleza se presenta como una forma de justificar o probar el valor de un personaje, y como una otredad que provoca aislamiento. En cuanto a los estereotipos, los más comunes son los estereotipos de los roles sexuales, que determinan los comportamientos adecuados para hombres y mujeres. A su vez, se identificó una tendencia hacia la domesticación en los fragmentos seleccionados de las dos traducciones analizadas. En cambio, en la reescritura se utilizó el enfoque de traducción feminista, según lo propuesto principalmente por Von Flotow (1991, 1997) y Castro (2008) y, en su mayoría, la estrategia de secuestro, ya que se modificaron fragmentos del texto de partida con un propósito feminista. Finalmente, esta investigación abre posibilidades para varias líneas de investigación, ya que la traducción feminista de literatura infantil es una disciplina con un desarrollo incipiente en Chile.
Neuromarketing y valor de marca desde la perspectiva del consumidor, un estudio comparado en Bolivia y Brasil
Authors: Velasco Juan Carlos Poveda
Published: September 2023

La investigación tuvo como objetivo establecer la relación entre el neuromarketing y el valor de marca desde la perspectiva del consumidor. Se asumió el paradigma sociocrítico con enfoque cuantitativo, aplicando métodos descriptivos, exploratorios, correlacionales y explicativos, con diseño no experimental. Para la prueba empírica se seleccionó una muestra poblacional de 472 estudiantes regulares, entre las edades de 18 y 25 años, de universidades públicas, de los cuales 343 corresponden a Bolivia y 129 a Brasil. La investigación permitió validar un cuestionario, que al ser aplicado permite identificar cuál de los tres cerebros tienen dominancia cerebral en la percepción del valor de marca desde la perspectiva del consumidor, convirtiéndose en un instrumento que puede ser aplicado en diferentes contextos sociales.
Demand forecasting and inventory management as requirements for quality assurance in a bakery company
Authors: De Menezes Anderson Dias , De Barros José Glênio Medeiros , Da Fonseca Bernardo Bastos , Aguilera Maria Victoria Cabrera , Sampaio Nilo Antonio de Souza
Published: September 2023

This paper is a case study on the influence of inventory management on the results and profitability of a bakery located in the municipality of Nova Iguaçu, in the state of Rio de Janeiro. As a general objective, this study sought to identify the extent to which demand forecasting influences the inventory management of the bakery studied. To this end, the intermediate objectives were to evaluate how demand forecasting is applied, to verify how information on raw material stock levels is managed at the bakery and, finally, to report on how the adoption of a stock control methodology has a positive impact on the quality of service and the bakery's results. The theoretical reference research used a literature review as its methodology, but as far as the case study is concerned, local observations were made and a questionnaire was applied to the operation's manager, comprising ten discursive questions. Based on the analysis of the data collected, the results of the research made it clear how important it is to optimize stocks at the company in order to obtain better results and reduce freight costs, making it financially healthier and, consequently, increasing its profitability. To this end, the need for theoretical and technical knowledge, updating, integration of information, stock management strategy and investment in technologies and tools for stock control and management has become apparent.
“Greenwashing”: adequação ou distorção?
Authors: Valente Karan Roberto da Motta , Coelho Roberta de Fátima Rodrigues , Sousa Romier da Paixão , Ribeiro Suezilde da Conceição Amaral
Published: September 2023

O contemporâneo e interdisciplinar debate sobre a sustentabilidade tem refletido na atuação de muitas organizações, as quais passam a buscar posicionamento e atuação mais alinhada à questão socioambiental, trazendo à tona o fenômeno do greenwashing como prática polêmica e contestável de “lavagem verde” para suas marcas e ofertas. Este estudo objetivou explorar tal conceito e apresentar criticamente suas percepções frente à dicotomia “adaptação” ou “ameaça”. Foi empregada revisão sistemática da literatura baseada em buscas nas bases de dados Google Acadêmico, SciELO e Portal de Periódicos – Capes, junto à ferramenta “Connected Papers” e protocolo “Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool”. Os resultados aprofundam definições conceituais, categorias e interfaces do fenômeno com diversas áreas do conhecimento, como negócios, marketing, branding e ética - expandindo a compreensão do assunto além de campos específicos do saber e adicionam percepções relacionadas à uma prática enganosa e prejudicial em muitos aspectos, a qual deve ser evitada e desencorajada.
Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation in a Two-Month Old Infant: A Case Report
Authors: Bhadra Sanket , Rakholia Ritu , Kumar Ankit
Published: September 2023

Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformations (CPAM) are rare clinical conditions that affect the lungs. They are characterised by the formation of large, multiloculated, cystic structures due to the overgrowth of the terminal bronchioles. This report presents the case of a two-month-old female infant who was referred to the pediatric emergency ward with a diagnosis of aspiration with collapse of the left lung. The patient exhibited progressively worsening respiratory distress accompanied by fever. The infant had a history of breast milk aspiration and had been admitted to the hospital multiple times due to respiratory distress since birth. Even after discharge, she required moist oxygen therapy at home. Upon presentation, a chest X-ray showed left lung collapse, and her respiratory rate was measured at 70 breaths/min. Other vital parameters and laboratory examinations were within normal limits. A high-resolution Computed Tomography (CT) scan of the thorax confirmed the diagnosis of CPAM. The patient was placed on ventilator support and received antibiotic treatment. Once stabilised, she underwent right postero-lateral thoracotomy with right middle and lower lobectomy under general anesthesia. Following surgery, she was discharged in stable condition on the seventh postoperative day, with her respiratory distress resolved. The child continues to receive regular follow-up care, including immunisations and appropriate nutritional support.
Levofloxacin-Induced Fatal Hypoglycaemia in a Non-Diabetic Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Panchal Yash N , Vyas Bhavesh M
Published: September 2023

Levofloxacin, a broad-spectrum, third-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic, is rarely reported to cause life-threatening adverse effects, such as severe hypoglycaemia resulting in a coma. This case concerns hypoglycaemia in an elderly, non-diabetic patient induced by levofloxacin. A 61-year-old male patient was admitted with severe hypoglycaemia. Past medical history revealed treatment with levofloxacin for pneumonia. During the hospital stay, the patient was treated with multiple doses of 25 g dextrose 50% (D50), 2 doses of 1 mg glucagon, and a continuous infusion of dextrose 10% (D10). The patient was discharged on the sixth day of admission in a stable condition with no clinical symptoms. Clinicians must be aware of this lesser-known adverse effect to ensure quick recognition and treatment with the proper adjuncts.
The Effect of N95 Mask on Peripheral Oxygen Saturation and Heart Rate among Indian Medical Professionals: A Quasi-experimental Study
Authors: Jadhao Anand Gautam , Gupta Rupali , Yadav Ravi Ramkishan , Yadav Nitin , Charde Soni Ishwar
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Among all face masks, N95 masks have been recommended for medical professionals involved mainly in patients with severe respiratory illnesses. Studies showing a decrease in peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2 ) and an increase in heart rate after N95 mask usage have already created panic/ concern among medical professionals. On the contrary, a few studies have shown no such negative impact of N95 mask usage, thereby urging scientific communities to investigate/ explore these contrasting results. Aim: To study the effect of wearing an N95 mask continuously for three hours on SpO2 and heart rate specifically in Indian medical professionals. Materials and Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study conducted for a period of 2 months from June 15, 2022, to August 15, 2022, at Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India, with a total of 105 healthy Indian medical professionals aged 18-40 years (55 males, 50 females) (12 study participants dropped from the study midway). In each participant, SpO2 and heart rate were recorded first without a mask (M0) and then with a mask (M3) after three hours of routine work in the hospital. Using Mystat statistical software (version 12.0), results were expressed as mean±Standard Deviation (SD), and Student’s paired t-test was used to compare the pairs of means. Results: Among the 105 eligible participants, 93 successfully completed the study, whereas 12 participants were excluded (dropout rate=11.42%). The study included 55 males (52.38%) and 50 females (47.61%) with an age range of 18-40 years and a mean age of 30.2±6.4 years. The SpO2 levels statistically showed a highly significant decrease after three hours of wearing an N95 mask (96.5±0.83% in M0 vs. 93.98±0.6% in M3). Similarly, the heart rate statistically showed a highly significant increase after three hours of using an N95 mask (73.45±3.6 in M0 vs. 89.6±6.1 beats/min in M3). Conclusion: The authors highlighted lower SpO2 levels and an increase in heart rate after three hours of N95 mask usage specifically in Indian medical professionals and thereby appeal to develop/upgrade the N95 mask by lowering its humidity, thermal stress, and breathing resistance.
PHARMACEUTICO ANALYTICAL STUDY OF SWALPA MASHA TAILA
Authors: KB Pallavi , TS Prakruti , Sharma Mandvi , KR Anusha , Pagad Archana
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana mainly focuses on various aspects of preparations of medicines. Sneha prakarana includes taila kalpana and ghritha kalpana Maha masha taila having brumhana and vatadosha hara properties indicated in many conditions of vatavyadhi. Swalpa masha taila told by Chakrapanidatta in Vatavyadhi chikitsaadhyaya. Methodology: It comprises of less and easily available ingredients compared to maha masha taila. Saindhava kalka, tilataila, masha Kashaya in 1:4:16 ratio prepared according to General method of preparation of taila. Results: from 1440ml of murchita tila taila 1330ml of swalpamasha taila was prepared. It was subjected to analytical parameters obtained results were tabulated. Discussion: Obtained pharmaceutical and Analytical results were discussed with the probable valid reasons. Conclusion: SMT which has been proved through different research works carried out on vata vyadhi. Hence it can be prepared and used for clinical practice.
Effect of Fruitlet Thinning on Apple Production and Quality under High Density Plantation
Authors: Bashir Mehvish , Bhat Rifat , Sharma M. K. , Mir Shakeel Ahmad , Khan Farooq Ahmad , Rather Tariq Ahmad
Published: September 2023

This study, conducted within the Experimental Block of the Division of Fruit Science at SKUAST-K, Shalimar, India, was aimed to thin 5-year-old Fuji Zehn Aztec apple plants. The research was carried out during the years 2020 and 2021and implemented a Randomized Complete Block Design with 11 treatments, including control and various other thinning methods. Chemical and hand thinning were practised at the 12 mm king fruitlet diameter stage. Among the treatments, T9 (NAA+BA@15+140ppm) demonstrated significant results, with the highest trunk girth increment (0.41 cm), annual shoot extension growth (65.46 cm), leaf area (34.71 cm2), fruit drop (39.26%), and the   least reduction in return bloom (52.22%). Additionally, T9 resulted in maximum fruit length (79.98 mm), fruit diameter (89.00 mm), fruit weight (224.90 g), fruit volume (197.86 cm3), Soluble Solid concentration (15.87%), SSC : acidity (40.08), total sugar content (11.07%), anthocyanin content (7.14 mg/100g), ascorbic acid content (6.94 mg/100g), and received the highest organoleptic rating score (4.87). However, the highest yield (21.97 kg/tree), yield efficiency (1.50 kg/cm2), fruit firmness (8.36 kg/cm2), hue angle (68.57°), and acidity (0.59%) were recorded in the control group. Notably, T1 (Hand thinning @ 2 fruitlets retained per cluster) achieved the highest fruit retention (97.97%) and the maximum leaf-to-fruit ratio (27.50). These findings shed light on the potential benefits and trade-offs associated with different fruitlet thinning methods in high-density apple plantations. Understanding these effects can aid orchard management practices to optimize both production and fruit quality.
Biochemical Analysis of SBEIIb Mutant Rice Lines Generated through CRISPR/Cas-mediated Targeted Mutagenesis
Authors: Gauda Bishnupriya , Arora Namisha , Uma D. , Manonmani S. , Kumar K. K. , Sudhakar D. , Arul L. , Varanavasiappan S. , Kokiladevi E.
Published: September 2023

Knock out of the Starch branching Enzyme [SBE] encoding genes lead to increase in the Apparent Amylose Content in cereals. Reduced SBE activity decreases the frequency of branch points in the Amylopectin fraction, while increasing the Amylose Content [AC]. AC is positively correlated to the Resistant Starch [RS], which acts as dietary fibre leading to lowering Glycemic Index [GI]. Among the 4 Starch branching enzyme encoding genes, SBEIIb is exclusively expressed in Rice Endosperm. Therefore, in this study, the homozygous OsSBEIIb mutant lines of CO51 rice cultivar generated through CRISPR/cas9 were selected and biochemical analysis was carried out to determine the AC. Among the events studied, all the events showed a relatively increased AC as compared to the wild type. These findings highlight the need of identifying and developing rice genotypes with high RS and Amylose, which can be suitable for consumption by people suffering from diabetes, obesity, and other colon related illnesses.
Assessment of Soil Physical Properties under Major Cropping Systems of SPSR Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Suguna B. , Vajantha B. , Leelavathy G. P. , Vineetha U. , Naidu M. V. S.
Published: September 2023

A study was carried out during 2021-22 in SPSR Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh, India to know the impact of major cropping systems on soil physical properties. A total of 240 soil samples (120 surface and 120 subsurface) under six major cropping systems such as paddy-paddy, fallow-paddy, groundnut-paddy, paddy-cotton, paddy-greengram and paddy-blackgram were collected and analysed for physical properties. The results revealed that the color of the soils ranged from pale red to very dark gray (2.5 YR 6/2 to 7.5 YR 3/1). The soils of study area were sandy clay loam, sandy loam, clay loam and clay in texture. Soils from paddy-paddy and paddy-cotton cropping systems recorded highest bulk density (1.55 mg m-3) in surface soils and paddy-cotton (1.66 mg m-3) cropping system in sub-surface soils whereas lowest bulk density observed in paddy-blackgram cropping system in both surface (1.13 mg m-3) and sub-surface soils (1.29 mg m-3). In surface and subsurface soils particle density was ranged from 2.45 mg m-3 in paddy-cotton and paddy-blackgram cropping system to 2.75 mg m-3 in paddy-cotton and paddy-greengram cropping systems. The soils of paddy-blackgram cropping system showed higher water holding capacity (54.65 and 49.71%, respectively) while the lowest was recorded in paddy-cotton cropping system in surface and sub-surface soils (31.39 and 28.28%, respectively). Volume expansion was found to be high in paddy-blackgram cropping system in both surface and subsurface soils (22.34 and 23.61%, respectively) while lowest volume expansion was noticed in paddy-paddy cropping system in surface soils (12.46%) and paddy-cotton cropping system in sub-surface soils (11.94%).
Advancements in the Exploration of Gel Electrolytes for Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Xiong Yi , Dai Jinhang , Kuang Lingyao , Li Xiaodan , Gu Xingxing
Published: September 2023

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are seen as a superior substitute for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their excellent safety, low cost, and eco-friendliness. However, problems such as zinc dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution reaction and electrode corrosion hinder the commercialization of batteries. Electrolyte as a link to other parts of the battery, has been widely concerned. Hydrogel is a kind of cross-linked product filled with water, which has the advantages of high theoretical capacity, good flexibility, good water retention and good mechanical properties, and becomes a potential candidate for ZIBs. By summarizing the development of hydrogel electrolytes, the cross-linking types of gel electrolytes and their applications in ZIBs were reviewed in this paper. Finally, the application of gel electrolyte in ZIBs is summarized and prospected, which brings a meaningful reference for the development of ZIBs. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Biochar-Modified Layered Double Hydroxide for Highly Efficient on Phenol Adsorption
Authors: Amri Amri , Rezonsi Rezonsi , Ahmad Nur , Taher Tarmizi , Palapa Neza Rahayu , Mohadi Risfidian , Lesbani Aldes
Published: September 2023

All activities require drinking water. The existence of waste makes water unfit for consumption. Phenol waste is one example of waste that is often found. The toxic and corrosive nature of phenol is very dangerous for life, so its presence must be considered. The adsorption process was carried out using NiAl and ZnAl layered double hydroxides composites with biochar to eliminate the presence of phenol waste The adsorption process was carried out using NiAl and ZnAl layered double hydroxydes materials which were composited with biochar to eliminate the presence of phenol waste. NiAl-Biochar and ZnAl-Biochar composites were successfully prepared, as determined by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and BET analyses. NiAl layered double hydroxide surface area grew from 92.683 to 438.942 m2/g while ZnAl layered double hydroxide surface area increased from 9.621 to 58.461 m2/g. pHpzc of material is between 5.1 and 9.4. Optimal pH of NiAl and ZnAl layered double hydroxide is 3, optimum pH of NiAl-Biochar and ZnAl-Biochar is 5, and optimum pH of Biochar is 7. All kinetic and isotherm models for all materials were pseudo-second-order and Freundlich, respectively. NiAl-Biochar and ZnAl-Biochar have maximal adsorption capacities of 74.62 mg/g and 52.91 mg/g, respectively. The material's reusability indicates that NiAl-Biochar has superior qualities and may be reused for up to five cycles, followed by ZnAl-Biochar, NiAl layered double hydroxide, ZnAl layered double hydroxide, and Biochar. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Estratégia reprodutiva da aranha-marrom Loxosceles intermedia Mello-Leitão (1934) (Araneae; Sicariidae):
Authors: Fischer Marta Luciane , Amaral Vanessa de Oliveira
Published: September 2023

Introdução: a aranha-marrom Loxosceles intermedia é responsável por milhares de acidentes todos os anos em Curitiba. Uma das hipóteses refere-se à associação do sucesso reprodutivo estar atrelado à presença de espermatecas com estruturas secundárias. Objetivo: relacionar o padrão da genitália de L. intermedia com sua fecundidade. Método: 30 Machos e 30 fêmeas virgens foram pareados e registrados os parâmetros copulatórios. Após a fertilização, a fêmea foi monitorada e registradas as oviposições e fertilidade. Resultados: 25 fêmeas ovipositaram totalizando 50 ootecas, com 80% de eclosão, totalizando 2031 ovos e 1654 filhotes. Dos receptáculos analisados, 78% possuíam duas estruturas, 9% três e 12% quatro. Das variáveis analisadas, apenas o tempo despendido na cópula, o peso da fêmea e a quantidade de ootecas apresentou correlação com a fecundidade. Porém, obteve-se correlação negativa entre o número de inserções e a quantidade de ootecas e de ovos, sugerindo relação com dificuldades na transferência espermática. Quanto maior o número de receptáculos, menor foi a quantidade de ootecas, refutando a hipótese do estudo. Conclusão: a baixa frequência das variações na população e os mesmos resultados obtidos há 30 anos, sugerem que esses fenótipos são mantidos pela funcionalidade, porém a baixa relevância no aumento da fecundidade, mantém as maiores proporções de genitália com apenas dois receptáculos. Desta forma, conclui-se que a fecundidade de L. intermedia está relacionada com fatores morfológicos, comportamentais e ambientais.
Cardiovascular risk factors in military personnel of the brazilian airforce at Alcântara (MA)
Authors: Alencar Yasmyn Soares de , Castro Gustavo Garcia , Santos Jayna Pereira Fontes dos , Tavarez Rudys Rodolfo de Jesus , Gambassi Bruno Bavaresco , Ferreira Meire Coelho
Published: September 2023

Objective: To investigate the frequency of cardiovascular risk factors in military personnel of the Brazilian Air Force in Alcântara, Brazil. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted with clinical records of 240 active military personnel from the Medical and Statistical Archives Service and nutritional assessment from the Nutrition Subsection Sector. The modifiable (diabetes mellitus - DM, systemic arterial hypertension - SAH, generalized obesity, abdominal obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, sedentarism, smoking, and alcoholism) and non-modifiable (gender and age) cardiovascular risk factors, anthropometric data, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) were extracted. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test was applied (a=5%). Results: The sample was predominantly male (55.8%) and with a mean age of 33 (±8.4) years. The most prevalent risk factors were overweight (43.8%), abdominal obesity (42.9%), generalized obesity (21.3%), alcoholism (34.6%), and sedentary lifestyle (31.3%). Regarding the distribution of cardiovascular risk factors in relation to gender, a significant association was found with SAH, sedentarism, abdominal obesity and nutritional status (p=0.004, p=0.027, p=0.040 and p=0.018, respectively). For the sample studied, 2.7% had CVD. Conclusions: The predominant cardiovascular risk factors were overweight, abdominal obesity, generalized obesity, alcoholism and sedentary lifestyle. In men, hypertension and overweight were predominant, and in women, sedentarism and abdominal obesity.
POSSIBILIDADES NEOEUGÊNICAS FACE AO DIAGNÓSTICO GENÉTICO PRÉ-IMPLANTACIONAL: PONDERAÇÕES ÉTICO-JURÍDICAS A PARTIR DA RESOLUÇÃO 2.320/2022 DO CFM
Authors: Câmara Lívia Augusta da Silva
Published: September 2023

Este trabalho se propõe analisar a eticidade do implemento de instrumentos advindos da biotecnologia, em especial o Diagnóstico Genético Pré-implantacional, e as possibilidades de neoeugenia a partir da sua utilização, considerando a Resolução 2.320/2022 do CFM. Questiona-se há a observância do princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana diante das “zonas cinzentas” trazidas pela omissão legislativa. Neste sentido, pretende-se no primeiro capítulo estabelecer a contextualização da problemática a ser enfrentada;  no segundo capítulo busca-se entender o instituto do Diagnóstico Genético Pré-implantacional e examinar as principais normas que regem a reprodução assistida; no terceiro capítulo desenvolve-se uma construção histórica a fim compreender os variados conceitos de eugenia; no quarto capítulo promove-se ponderações sobre implicações bioético-jurídicas de práticas neoeugênicas e  realiza-se reflexões acerca dos limites entre a finalidade terapêutica e o melhoramento genético, bem como sobre as possibilidade neoeugências a partir do uso desenfreado do Diagnóstico. Para tanto, valeu-se do método hipotético-dedutivo, com abordagem qualitativa, utilizando revisão bibliográfica de artigos científicos, obras importantes sobre o tema, bem como análise legislativa.
DIREITO REAL DE HABITAÇÃO SUCESSÓRIO E OS DIREITOS À HERANÇA E À PROPRIEDADE DOS HERDEIROS NECESSÁRIOS
Authors: Rocha Lins D' Albuquerque Teila , Veiga Góes Bárbara
Published: September 2023

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo abordar o direito real de habitação do cônjuge sobrevivente em situações de conflito com o direito à herança e propriedade dos outros herdeiros necessários. Para isso, analisou-se o atual posicionamento da doutrina e jurisprudência acerca da temática. A estratégia metodológica decorreu da utilização de fontes bibliográficas diversas, por meios físicos e digitais, através da abordagem qualitativa, fundada em estudos jurisprudenciais, legais, doutrinários e artigos  científicos.
Nonprescription Heartburn Medications for Adults
Authors: Vordenberg Sarah E.
Published: September 2023

This JAMA Patient Page describes the types of nonprescription heartburn medications: antacids, histamine 2 blockers, and proton pump inhibitors.
Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Azagury Aharon , Kaeek Maria , Khoury Luai , Kost Joseph
Published: September 2023

Drug delivery systems (DDSs) and their administration routes play a critical role in the efficacy and safety of drugs. There are several physiological routes for drug delivery, including oral administration, injectables, inhalation, transdermal, intranasal, and transdermal delivery. This article focuses on these administration routes, describes their advantages and disadvantages, and elaborates on triggered and targeted DDS. Additionally, this article also describes drug release mechanisms from DDSs.

DDSs are classified based on their physicochemical properties and administration routes. Pulsatile/stimuli systems allow controlled drug release at a specific time or location in response to an external stimulus. In addition, the controlled DDS employs several drug release mechanisms, such as diffusion, swelling, and erosion, to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. Representative applications of DDSs include the treatment of cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.

The COVID‐19 vaccine is a significant achievement in DDS, showcasing its potential to address global health crises. It utilizes lipid nanoparticles to encapsulate and protect mRNA, enabling targeted delivery to host cells. The mRNA instructs cells to produce the spike protein of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, triggering an immune response for COVID‐19 protection.

In conclusion, DDSs and their administration routes are vital for safe and effective drug development, with recent advances such as pulsatile/stimuli systems showing promise for targeted delivery. The COVID‐19 vaccine development demonstrates the potential of DDS in tackling global health issues.
Toward High‐Capacity Carbon Fiber Cathodes for Structural Batteries using Electrophoretic Deposition: Effects of Oxidative Surface Treatment on Carbon Fibers
Authors: Sutrisnoh Nur Ayu Afira , Lim Gwendolyn J. H. , Chan Kwok Kiong , Raju Karthikayen , Teh Vanessa , Lim J. J. Nicholas , Fam Derrick W. H. , Srinivasan Madhavi
Published: September 2023

Structural batteries possess multifunctional capability to store electrochemical energy and carry mechanical load concurrently. Carbon fiber cathodes (CFC), one of the main components in structural batteries, can be fabricated by depositing cathode active materials on carbon fibers using techniques such as electrophoretic deposition (EPD). However, intrinsically inert surface of carbon fibers may result in weak adhesion. In this study, different oxidative surface treatments (acid, electrochemical, and heat) are evaluated based on their ability to activate surfaces of carbon fibers. The mechanical and electrochemical performance of resultant CFC fabricated with lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC 111) via EPD are analyzed. The best‐performing CFC are achieved using acid‐oxidized carbon fibers due to their improved interfacial adhesion. Acid‐oxidized AS4C 3k CFC yield a high specific capacity of 151 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 1 C and are stable over 100 cycles at 1 C with capacity retention close to 100% and give a stiffness of 25 GPa and ultimate tensile strength of 260 MPa. Acid‐oxidized 12k CFC show higher mechanical performance with stiffness of 53 GPa and ultimate tensile strength of more than 500 MPa, which make them more favorable to be used for structural batteries.
Direct Imaging of Antiferromagnet‐Ferromagnet Phase Transition in van der Waals Antiferromagnet CrSBr
Authors: Yu Jingjing , Liu Daxiang , Ding Zhenyu , Yuan Yanan , Zhou Jiayuan , Pei Fangfang , Pan Haolin , Ma Tianping , Jin Feng , Wang Lingfei , Zhu Wenguang , Wang Shouguo , Wu Yizheng , Liu Xue , Hou Dazhi , Gao Yang , Qiu Ziqiang , Yang Mengmeng , Li Qian
Published: September 2023

The advent of van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) materials offers unprecedented opportunities for spintronics and magneto‐optic devices. Combining magnetic Kerr microscopy and density functional theory calculations, the AFM‐FM transition is investigated and a surprising abnormal magneto‐optic anisotropy in vdW CrSBr associated with different magnetic phases (FM, AFM, or paramagnetic state) is discovered. This unique magneto‐optic property leads to different anisotropic optical reflectivity from different magnetic states, permitting direct imaging of the AFM Néel vector orientation and the dynamic process of the AFM‐FM transition within a magnetic field. Using Kerr microscopy, not only the domain nucleation and propagation process is imaged but also the intermediate spin‐flop state in the AFM‐FM transition is identified. The unique magneto‐optic property and clear identification of the dynamics process of the AFM‐FM phase transition in CrSBr demonstrate the promise of vdW magnetic materials for future spintronic technology.
1D Magnetic MX3 Single‐Chains (M = Cr, V and X = Cl, Br, I)
Authors: Lee Yangjin , Choi Young Woo , Lee Kihyun , Song Chengyu , Ercius Peter , Cohen Marvin L. , Kim Kwanpyo , Zettl Alex
Published: September 2023

Magnetic materials in reduced dimensions are not only excellent platforms for fundamental studies of magnetism, but they play crucial roles in technological advances. The discovery of intrinsic magnetism in monolayer 2D van der Waals systems has sparked enormous interest, but the single‐chain limit of 1D magnetic van der Waals materials has been largely unexplored. This paper reports on a family of 1D magnetic van der Waals materials with composition MX3 (M = Cr, V, and X = Cl, Br, I), prepared in fully‐isolated fashion within the protective cores of carbon nanotubes. Atomic‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy identifies unique structures that differ from the well‐known 2D honeycomb lattice MX3 structure. Density functional theory calculations reveal charge‐driven reversible magnetic phase transitions.
Global container shipping disruptions, pop‐up ports, and US agricultural exports
Authors: Steinbach Sandro , Zhuang Xiting
Published: September 2023

This paper evaluates the impact of the Commodity Container Assistance Program on containerized agricultural exports from US ports. The program responded to logistical disruptions related to agricultural shipments from the ports of Oakland, Seattle, and Tacoma. Relying on counterfactual event study methods and detailed trade data, we find limited evidence of positive treatment effects after the program implementation. The average post‐event trade effect is 1.0%, leading to limited agricultural export gains of about $18.6 million per month between March and September 2022. These findings suggest that while the program was cost‐effective, it had limited success in facilitating US containerized agricultural exports.
Microwave and dielectric barrier discharge atmospheric plasma interaction on guava industrial biomass for biomaterial production
Authors: U Gnana Moorthy Eswaran , Srivastav Prem Prakash
Published: September 2023

This research helps to develop a novel and economical method for improving the extraction efficiency of oil and fully valorizing guava fruit processing industrial waste into biomaterial. Dielectric barrier discharge atmospheric (DBDA) plasma is a novel non‐thermal technology that has been widely used in the food processing field of research. In this study, the synergistic effect of microwave (MW) and DBDA plasma treatment under different treatment combinations on the modification of morphological and biochemical properties of the guava pomace powder on improving the efficiency of extraction of biomaterials has been investigated. The response surface model (RSM) model was then constructed using the experimental results of Box–Behnken Design (BBD) to obtain the optimal extraction conditions. The predicted optimal extraction conditions for the microwave power level of 600 W for a treatment time of 90 s under solvent extraction at 420 min; DBDA plasma treatment as 35 kV for 15 min and solvent extraction conditions were determined as 80°C for 360 min causing an increment of the oil yield up to 16.19% when extracted using solvent extractor with ethanol as a solvent. These results indicate that the DBDA plasma treatment previous to the extraction step extraction process can contribute to reducing the duration of extraction by 120 min. The obtained data indicate that the MW and DBDA plasma pre‐treatment before the extraction can reduce the extraction duration, increase the yield, and improve the nutritional quality and functional properties.
Light‐colored conductive nanorod‐mediated co‐continuous polypropylene/poly(butylene succinate) blends: Regulatory mechanism, morphology evolution, electrical, and optical properties
Authors: Gui Haoguan , He Yong , Bahader Ali , Zhang Renzhi , Zuo Shixiang , Bao Guangfu , Diao Pinyun , Yao Chao
Published: September 2023

It is still a critical challenge to prepare engineering plastics with multi‐functionalities and high‐performances while considering their aesthetic properties and dyeing processes. In this study, a light‐colored conductive nanorod (CNR) was employed to mediate the morphology of immiscible polypropylene/poly(butylene succinate) (PP/PBS) blends. The CNR could be only located in polar PBS phase to effectively control the viscoelasticity ratio between binary phases. By incorporating just 9 per hundred resins (phr) of CNR, the sea‐island structure of PP/PBS (70/30) would transform a stable co‐continuous morphology of PP/PBS/CNR (70/30/9). The addition of CNR led to a significant reduction in blends' surface resistivity and volume resistivity. Simultaneously, the mechanical properties and appearance colors of the ternary blends were improved. The effect of CNR in morphological mediation was further verified with PP/poly(butylene adipate terephthalate)/CNR (PP/PBAT/CNR) and PP/poly(ε‐caprolactone)/CNR (PP/PCL/CNR) blends. In summary, this work provided a desirable engineering plastic, demonstrating permanent antistatic performance, improved mechanical properties and good colorability.
Comparative cranial biomechanics reveal that Late Cretaceous tyrannosaurids exerted relatively greater bite force than in early‐diverging tyrannosauroids
Authors: Johnson‐Ransom Evan , Li Feng , Xu Xing , Ramos Raul , Midzuk Adam J. , Thon Ulrike , Atkins‐Weltman Kyle , Snively Eric
Published: September 2023

Tyrannosaurus has been an exemplar organism in feeding biomechanical analyses. An adult Tyrannosaurus could exert a bone‐splintering bite force, through expanded jaw muscles and a robust skull and teeth. While feeding function of adult Tyrannosaurus has been thoroughly studied, such analyses have yet to expand to other tyrannosauroids, especially early‐diverging tyrannosauroids (Dilong, Proceratosaurus, and Yutyrannus). In our analysis, we broadly assessed the cranial and feeding performance of tyrannosauroids at varying body sizes. Our sample size included small (Proceratosaurus and Dilong), medium‐sized (Teratophoneus), and large (Tarbosaurus, Daspletosaurus, Gorgosaurus, and Yutyrannus) tyrannosauroids, and incorporation of tyrannosaurines at different ontogenetic stages (small juvenile Tarbosaurus, Raptorex, and mid‐sized juvenile Tyrannosaurus). We used jaw muscle force calculations and finite element analysis to comprehend the cranial performance of our tyrannosauroids. Scaled subtemporal fenestrae areas and calculated jaw muscle forces show that broad‐skulled tyrannosaurines (Tyrannosaurus, Daspletosaurus, juvenile Tyrannosaurus, and Raptorex) exhibited higher jaw muscle forces than other similarly sized tyrannosauroids (Gorgosaurus, Yutyrannus, and Proceratosaurus). The large proceratosaurid Yutyrannus exhibited lower cranial stress than most adult tyrannosaurids. This suggests that cranial structural adaptations of large tyrannosaurids maintained adequate safety factors at greater bite force, but their robust crania did not notably decrease bone stress. Similarly, juvenile tyrannosaurines experienced greater cranial stress than similarly‐sized earlier tyrannosauroids, consistent with greater adductor muscle forces in the juveniles, and with crania no more robust than in their small adult predecessors. As adult tyrannosauroid body size increased, so too did relative jaw muscle forces manifested even in juveniles of giant adults.
Can lung airway geometry be used to predict autism? A preliminary machine learning‐based study
Authors: Islam Asef , Ronco Anthony , Becker Stephen M. , Blackburn Jeremiah , Schittny Johannes C. , Kim Kyoungmi , Stein‐Wexler Rebecca , Wexler Anthony S.
Published: September 2023

The goal of this study is to assess the feasibility of airway geometry as a biomarker for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Chest computed tomography images of children with a documented diagnosis of ASD as well as healthy controls were identified retrospectively. Fifty‐four scans were obtained for analysis, including 31 ASD cases and 23 controls. A feature selection and classification procedure using principal component analysis and support vector machine achieved a peak cross validation accuracy of nearly 89% using a feature set of eight airway branching angles. Sensitivity was 94%, but specificity was only 78%. The results suggest a measurable difference in airway branching angles between children with ASD and the control population.
Aptabinding of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNFα) inhibits its proinflammatory effects and alleviates islet inflammation
Authors: Mahmoud Roaa , Kalivarathan Jagan , Castillo Abdul J. , Wang Sasha , Fuglestad Brian , Kanak Mazhar A. , Dhakal Soma
Published: September 2023

Pancreatic islet cell transplantation (ICT) has emerged as an effective therapy for diabetic patients lacking endogenous insulin production. However, the islet graft function is compromised by a nonspecific inflammatory and thrombotic reaction known as the instant blood‐meditated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR). Here, we report the characterization of four single‐stranded DNA aptamers that bind specifically to TNFα – a pivotal cytokine that causes proinflammatory signaling during the IBMIR process – using single molecule binding analysis and functional assays as a means to assess the aptamers’ ability to block TNFα activity and inhibiting the downstream proinflammatory gene expression in the islets. Our single‐molecule fluorescence analyses of mono‐ and multivalent aptamers showed that they were able to bind effectively to TNFα with monoApt2 exhibiting the strongest binding (Kd ∼ 0.02 ± 0.01 nM), which is ∼3 orders of magnitude smaller than the Kd of the other aptamers. Furthermore, the in vitro cell viability analysis demonstrated an optimal and safe dosage of 100 μM for monoApt2 compared to 50 μM for monoApt1 and significant protection from proinflammatory cytokine‐mediated cell death. More interestingly, monoApt2 reversed the upregulation of IBMIR mediating genes induced by TNFα in the human islets, and this was comparable to established TNFα antagonists. Both monoaptamers showed high specificity and selectivity for TNFα. Collectively, these findings suggest the potential use of aptamers as anti‐inflammatory and localized immune‐modulating agents for cellular transplant therapy.
The mechanism of bone healing after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Xiong Yuan , Zhong Wenbin , Mi Bobin
Published: September 2023

A growing body of evidence suggests that patients who experience traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) exhibit significantly shorter healing periods compared to those with isolated fractures. However, the precise underlying mechanism behind this phenomenon remains unclear. Recent studies have shed light on the potential role of hormonal signals and neural circuits originating in the hypothalamus, which play vital roles in regulating the skeletal system. Despite these advances, there is a lack of comprehensive research summarizing the crucial role of bone healing in TBIs and the underlying mechanisms. This review aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms responsible for the accelerated bone healing observed in TBI patients, with a specific focus on the intricate crosstalk between TBI and bone remodeling. Additionally, we comprehensively discuss and summarize the beneficial effects of TBI on the skeletal system and examine the TBI‐induced signaling pathways that result in accelerated fracture healing and bone remodeling. By dissecting these pathways, we aim to identify potential targets for intervention and bone repair promotion.
Data‐Driven Analysis of Amine‐Based Sorbents for CO2 Removal from the Atmosphere
Authors: Bahmanpour Ali M. , Tegeler Ed B. , Colbert Tyler , Masoudi Mansour
Published: September 2023

Available data on amine‐based sorbents used for the direct air capture (DAC) process were gathered and analyzed to identify the correlations between various aspects of these sorbents and the operating conditions they are used in. It is demonstrated that a moderately high temperature (∼ 50 °C) can help with higher CO2 capture capacity. The effect of sorbent preparation method on its activity and stability was studied. Also, the influence of amine groups and support choice on amine efficiency and CO2 capture capacity was discussed. The DAC process conditions proved to play a major role in determining the optimal sorbent. An outlook for characteristics to be sought for in future DAC sorbents for CO2 removal is proposed.
Prognostic value of the NEWS + Lactate score in patients with decompensated heart failure in the emergency department
Authors: Guzelce Mustafa Can , Colak Nese , Ucar Gucluhan , Orhan Ertug
Published: September 2023

Aims

The National Early Warning Score (NEWS) is a scoring system that predicts increased mortality and morbidity in critical diseases. The National Early Warning Score + Lactate (NEWS + L) score was created by adding lactate values to this scoring system. In our study, we aimed to determine the value of the NEWS + L score in predicting clinical deterioration in patients presenting with acute decompensated heart failure (chronic heart failure).

Methods and results

In this observational, cross‐sectional study, patients with decompensated heart failure who were admitted to the emergency department between 1 October 2020 and 31 December 2020 were included. Patients were divided into two groups: those with and without poor prognostic outcomes. The main outcomes were in‐hospital mortality, discharge after treatment in the emergency department, admission to the ward, and admission to the intensive care unit. We analysed a total of 141 applications from 130 patients. The mean age was 72.6 ± 11.8 years, and 50.8% were female. Poor prognostic outcomes were observed in 92 (65%) patients. There was no difference between the patients with and without poor prognostic outcomes in terms of mean age, gender, and comorbidities, except for atrial fibrillation. There was a statistically significant difference between the patients without and with poor prognosis outcomes in terms of NEWS {3 [interquartile range (IQR): 0–5] and 6 [IQR: 3–8]} and NEWS + L scores [4.7 (IQR: 2.3–7.2) and 8.0 (IQR: 5.2–10.4)] (P < 0.001). The area under the curve values for predicting poor prognosis were calculated as 0.719 for NEWS, 0.734 for NEWS + L, and 0.601 for lactate values. The rate of poor prognostic outcomes was higher (79%) in patients with moderate and high NEWS scores. Patients with Q1 NEWS + L scores had a lower rate of poor prognostic outcomes, while patients with Q2, Q3, and Q4 scores of NEWS + L had a higher rate of poor prognostic outcomes.

Conclusions

The NEWS score and the addition of the lactate value to this score, the NEWS + L score, were higher in patients with poor prognostic outcomes who presented with decompensated heart failure in our emergency department. NEWS + L slightly outperformed the NEWS score in predicting prognosis. The NEWS + L score shows promise as a prognostic indicator for patients with decompensated heart failure presenting to the emergency department.
Reconsidering agricultural credits and agricultural production nexus from a global perspective
Authors: Ozdemir Dicle
Published: September 2023

Access to credit has been a key component in protecting a country's agriculture sector against uncertainties and climate‐related shocks. Agricultural credits may also increase both agribusiness sectors' and farming‐related commercial activities' exposure to world markets. This study aims to investigate agricultural credits' short‐run and long‐run effects on agricultural production using control variables such as foreign direct investments, inflation rate, and government expenditures. We found that credits to agriculture affect value‐added agriculture positively in the long‐run; specifically, when agricultural credits increase by 1%, value‐added agriculture will increase by 0.19%; that is, an increase in credits to the agricultural sector leads to a significant increase in value‐added agriculture, while FDI and government size both reduce agricultural value‐added across countries. The findings of the pairwise causation test show that bidirectional causal links exist among almost all variables, validating feedback among agricultural value‐added, credit to agriculture, FDI, government expenditures, and inflation.