bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensory processing patterns and their relationships to coping and occupational engagement in mental health service users
Authors: Forsberg Klara , Sutton Daniel , Stjernswärd Sigrid , Brown Catana , Bejerholm Ulrika , Argentzell Elisabeth
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Mental health service users often have sensory processing difficulties hampering their ability to cope with mental health problems and occupational engagement. However, there is little knowledge of sensory processing and its relation to these factors. Hence, this current study aims to investigate sensory processing patterns in relation to coping and occupational engagement for the target group.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study involved 97 mental health service users. Sociodemographic information and self‐rated questionnaires were administered; Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP), Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory scale (short version) (Brief‐COPE), and Profiles of Occupational Engagement among people with Severe mental illness (POES). Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression models.

Consumer and Community Involvement

This study sits within an RCT project where parts were designed collaboratively with research‐educated service users.

Results

The result showed strong relationships between sensory processing patterns and occupational engagement. Low levels of occupational engagement were related to high levels of sensory sensitivity, sensation avoiding, and low registration. Whereas, high levels of occupational engagement were related to high levels of sensation‐seeking. Concerning coping styles, high levels of emotion‐focused coping were related to high levels of low registration, while high levels of avoidant coping styles were related to high levels of sensation‐seeking.

Conclusion

The findings indicate that occupational engagement and coping styles are related to outcomes of the sensory profile and thus affect how a person with severe mental health problems interprets and reacts to sensory stimuli in daily life.
Assessment of Fasting Metabolism With Microdialysis Indicates Earlier Lipolysis in Children With VLCADD Than MCADD
Authors: Olsson David , Haglind Charlotte Bieneck , Halldin Maria , Lajic Svetlana , Nordenström Anna
Published: January 2025

Aim

To investigate fasting metabolism in children with very long‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCADD) and medium‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) using microdialysis technique.

Methods

Twelve patients (7 with VLCADD, 5 with MCADD, mean age 4.9 years, 10/12 diagnosed via newborn screening) were recruited for investigation in connection to clinical fasting examinations at the Karolinska University Hospital (between 2015 and 2024). Patients were subjected to a 9‐h night fast after a standard late evening meal. Analysis of glucose, glycerol, lactate, and pyruvate was conducted by continuous microdialysis. Fasting hormones and acylcarnitines were analysed in blood samples at 1‐h intervals in patients with VLCADD.

Results

Children with VLCADD showed signs of lipolysis after a median fasting time of 4.5 h, whereas patients with MCADD showed no significant increase in lipolysis during the fast. A shorter time to initiation of lipolysis tended to correlate with a lower residual enzyme activity in patients with VLCADD. All patients maintained euglycemia during fasting.

Conclusion

Children with VLCADD had a shorter time to initiation of lipolysis during fasting than children with MCADD. Clinical evaluation of fasting metabolism in beta‐oxidation disorders should include assessment of lipolysis as an early and important determinant.
Australian guidelines for equine internal parasite management
Authors: Beasley A , Abbas G , Hughes K , El‐Hage C , Jacobson C , Bauquier J , Wilkes E , Carrigan P , Cudmore L , Hurley J , Beveridge I , Nielsen M , Jabbar A
Published: January 2025

Over the past few decades, the emergence of resistance amongst intestinal parasites of horses to all available anthelmintic classes has emphasised the need for a paradigm shift in parasite control approaches within the Australian equine industry. Findings of a recent Australia‐wide research project have provided new insights into intestinal parasites (i.e. strongyles and ascarids) and parasite control from the perspectives of Australian horse breeders and equine veterinarians. The published data have revealed recent trends in parasite prevalence and distribution, breeders' and veterinarians' attitudes and perspectives on controlling horse internal parasites, the efficacy of commonly used anthelmintic products and post‐treatment egg reappearance periods. These studies have formed the basis of newly developed guidelines managing and treating gastrointestinal nematodes in horses. Tailored for equine veterinarians, these guidelines contain information on target parasites and risk factors for their transmission, as well as practical advice for surveillance, anthelmintic choice, timing of treatment, testing for anthelmintic resistance and managing refugia. The Australian Guidelines for Equine Internal Parasite Management (AGEIPM) will serve as a pocket companion for equine veterinarians, providing best‐practice recommendations grounded in locally conducted scientific research. Dissemination and extension of the AGEIPM to industry will strengthen the client–practitioner relationship. The aim is to reduce reliance on blanket deworming in equine parasite management programs and help curb the progression of resistance to the limited anthelmintic classes available for treating horses.
Risk of bias tools for medication adherence research: RoBIAS and RoBOAS
Authors: Sinnappah Klarissa A. , Hughes Dyfrig A. , Stocker Sophie L. , Wright Daniel F. B. ,   ESPACOMP the International Society for Medication Adherence
Published: January 2025

Aims

An unbiased means of documenting medication‐taking is important to ensure quality evidence about adherence research and to accurately identify individuals at risk of suboptimal adherence for the development of targeted and effective interventions. Guidance to assist researchers in the understanding of risk of bias when conducting or reviewing adherence research is currently not available. To address this gap, tools to identify and gauge the magnitude of important biases that may impact adherence research have been developed.

Methods

The Risk of Bias tool for Interventional Adherence Studies (RoBIAS) and the Risk of Bias tool for Observational Adherence Studies (RoBOAS) were constructed from a literature review of key adherence guidelines/frameworks, drafted initially through author consensus. The draft bias tools were piloted and evaluated with expert adherence researchers through an online survey platform to assess the internal consistency and agreement in responses, including gather “free text” feedback to improve the tool's utility.

Results

Of the 121 approached reviewers, only 20 out of the 30 reviewers who consented to participate completed the piloting of the tools. Both tools are structured around four domains relating to: (i) study design, (ii) randomization (RoBIAS tool) and confounding factors (RoBOAS tool), (iii) adherence outcome measurement, and (iv) data analysis. Each domain consists of items/statements, mapped to specific biases relevant to adherence research and study designs, including a domain‐based ranking scale to determine the appropriate risk of bias judgement.

Conclusions

The tools are intended to have utility when systematically reviewing adherence research and to inform the design of future adherence studies.
Evolving trends in acid suppression therapy among patients undergoing dual antiplatelet therapy: A Nationwide study in South Korea from 2018 to 2022
Authors: Lee Yu Jeong , Je Nam Kyung
Published: January 2025

Aims

We aimed to examine the recent trends in the use of acid suppression therapies, including proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), histamine‐2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) and potassium‐competitive acid blockers (P‐CABs), in patients undergoing dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) as aspirin‐clopidogrel following coronary stent implantation in South Korea between 2018 and 2022.

Methods

This observational study analysed data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) on patients who underwent coronary stent implantation and received aspirin‐clopidogrel DAPT. Patients who received acid suppression therapy for >60 days during DAPT were included in the analysis. Trends in the use of PPIs, H2RAs and P‐CABs were assessed at 6‐month intervals using the Cochran–Armitage trend test.

Results

Of the 128 121 patients studied who received DAPT, 61 731 (48.2%) were prescribed acid suppression therapy. The proportion of patients receiving concomitant acid suppressants with DAPT increased from 42.8% in 2018 to 53.8% in 2022. PPIs were the most commonly used therapies (78.9%), followed by H2RAs (14.6%) and P‐CABs (6.5%). PPI use peaked in 2020 and declined thereafter, whereas P‐CAB use steadily increased, surpassing that of H2RA by 2021.

Conclusions

The landscape of acid suppression therapy for patients undergoing DAPT has evolved with a growing preference for P‐CABs. This shift highlights the need for further research comparing the efficacy and safety of acid suppressants to guide clinical decision making.
Efficient and accurate variational inference for multilevel threshold autoregressive models in intensive longitudinal data
Authors: Rahman Azizur , Jiang Depeng , Lix Lisa M.
Published: January 2025

Recent technological advancements have enabled the collection of intensive longitudinal data (ILD), consisting of repeated measurements from the same individual. The threshold autoregressive (TAR) model is often used to capture the dynamic outcome process in ILD, with autoregressive parameters varying based on outcome variable levels. For ILD from multiple individuals, multilevel TAR (ML‐TAR) models have been proposed, with Bayesian approaches typically used for parameter estimation. However, fitting ML‐TAR models can be computationally challenging. This study introduces a mean‐field variational Bayes (MFVB) algorithm as an alternative to traditional Bayesian inference. By optimizing to approximate posterior densities, variational Bayes aims to find the best approximation within a defined set of distributions. Simulation results demonstrate that our MFVB algorithm is significantly faster than the standard Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach. Moreover, increasing the number of individuals or time points enhances the accuracy of the parameter estimates using MFVB, suggesting that sufficient data are crucial for accurate estimation in complex models like ML‐TAR models. When applied to real‐world data, the MFVB algorithm was significantly more efficient than MCMC and maintained similar accuracy. Thus, the MFVB algorithm is a faster and more consistent alternative to MCMC for large‐scale inference in ILD models.
Dude, where's my (summer) job? Minimum wages and student employment
Authors: Wright Adam C. , Martin Darius D. , Krieg John M.
Published: January 2025

We use rich administrative data to study employment and income during a period of minimum wage growth in Washington State for a group of workers who may be particularly sensitive to changes in the minimum wage: college students. Using a within‐student estimator and quarterly work records, we consistently find that rising minimum wages are associated with reduced summer employment, the quarter in which students tend to work the most. Students experiencing the largest reductions in employment are those with little or no work experience and non‐local students. This is partially mitigated by students working more during the academic year.
Banning Wildlife Trade Can Boost the Unregulated Trade of Threatened Species
Authors: Kubo Takahiro , Mieno Taro , Uryu Shinya , Terada Saeko , Veríssimo Diogo
Published: January 2025

Banning wildlife trade is an immediate measure to protect species from overexploitation. Yet, regulations on the harvest and use of natural resources might have unintended side effects beyond the policy goals. Few causal inference studies have investigated the consequences of wildlife trade bans. We use the synthetic difference‐in‐differences causal inference approach based on an 11‐year online trade dataset to explore whether trade bans on three threatened species in Japan—giant water bugs (Kirkaldyia deyrolli), Tokyo salamanders (Hynobius tokyoensis), and golden venus chub (Hemigrammocypris neglectus)—have spillover effects on trades of substitutable nonbanned species. We found spillover effects of wildlife trade bans, leading to an increase in sales of nonbanned species in each taxon. This effect lasted over a year only for water bugs. Our results raise concerns about the unintended consequences of trade bans and underscore the importance of additional efforts concerning consumer research, monitoring and enforcement beyond the policy‐targeted species.
Penetration of linezolid and tedizolid in cerebrospinal fluid of mouse and impact of blood–brain barrier disruption
Authors: Lahouati Marin , Oudart Mélanie , Alzieu Philippe , Chapouly Candice , Petitcollin Antoine , Xuereb Fabien
Published: January 2025

Penetration of antimicrobial treatments into the cerebrospinal fluid is essential to successfully treat infections of the central nervous system. This penetration is hindered by different barriers, including the blood–brain barrier, which is the most impermeable. However, inflammation may lead to structural alterations of these barriers, modifying their permeability. The impact of blood–brain barrier disruption on linezolid and tedizolid (antibiotics that may be alternatives to treat nosocomial meningitis) penetration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) remains unknown. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of blood brain barrier disruption on CSF penetration of linezolid and tedizolid. Female C57BI/6 J mice were used. Blood–brain barrier disruption was induced by an intraperitoneal administration of lipopolysaccharide. Linezolid (40 mg/kg) or tedizolid‐phosphate (20 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally. All the plasma and CSF samples were analyzed with a validated UPLC‐MS/MS method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a non‐compartmental approach based on the free drug concentration. The penetration ratio from the plasma into the CSF was calculated by the AUC0‐8h (Area Under Curve) ratio (AUC0‐8hCSF/AUC0‐8hplasma). Linezolid penetration ratio was 46.5% in control group and 46.1% in lipopolysaccharide group. Concerning tedizolid, penetration ratio was 5.5% in control group and 15.5% in lipopolysaccharide group. In conclusion, CSF penetration of linezolid is not impacted by blood–brain barrier disruption, unlike tedizolid, whose penetration ratio increased.
Testing the abundant centre hypothesis in a seabird: higher energy expenditure at the wintering range centre does not reduce reproductive success
Authors: Léandri‐Breton Don‐Jean , Elliott Kyle H. , Tarroux Arnaud , Legagneux Pierre , Jouanneau William , Amélineau Françoise , Angelier Frédéric , Blévin Pierre , Bråthen Vegard Sandøy , Fauchald Per , Gabrielsen Geir W. , Goutte Aurélie , Tartu Sabrina , Moe Børge , Chastel Olivier
Published: January 2025

Understanding variation in animal distributions is a central and challenging question in ecology that has become particularly critical in the context of global environmental changes. While distributions are often studied for resident or breeding species, species range limits are equally important for migratory species in winter when population regulation may occur due to limited resources in the non‐breeding season. A central hypothesis in several theories is that the density, fitness and performance of individuals decrease towards the edge of the range as organisms become maladapted when approaching the limit of their environmental tolerance (‘abundant centre hypothesis'). Energy is a critical resource, especially in winter when environmental conditions deteriorate, and this hypothesis predicts that high energy expenditure (low performance) at the range limit would lead to rapidly dwindling body mass and reduced fitness. We investigated this hypothesis in an Arctic‐breeding seabird wintering in the North Atlantic, the black‐legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla. From 2008 to 2019, we tracked 117 adult kittiwakes (n = 176 tracks) with geolocation devices and saltwater immersion sensors to estimate the migratory strategies, time–activity budget and energy expenditure of individuals during winter, and estimated their reproductive success after their return to the colony during summer. Population density was indeed higher towards the centre of the range. However, contrary to the predictions, the energy expenditure of individuals was higher at the centre of the range and decreased towards the edge. In contrast, there were no spatial differences in the reproductive success of individuals wintering at the centre versus at the edge of their range. We conclude that performance and fitness did not increase towards the centre of the wintering range, implying that although resource acquisition was likely higher at the abundant centre, energy expenditure was also higher, so that individual fitness was constant across the winter range.
Systematic Reviews on the Management of Xerostomia and Hyposalivation—An Umbrella Review
Authors: Conte Daniele Bet , Marquezzan Maria Eduarda , Schneider Luana Roberta , Gauer Ana Paula Maihack , Cattapan Luciano , Corralo Vanessa da Silva , Rodrigues‐Junior Sinval Adalberto
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Dry mouth is moderately prevalent in the older population. Pharmacological and non‐pharmacological alternatives have been assessed to manage its manifestation. This umbrella review synthesised the evidence on approaches to managing xerostomia and hyposalivation.

Material and Methods

We searched for systematic reviews of interventions to manage dry mouth in Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EMBASE, PubMed, Prospero and DARE databases (up to September 2023). References were managed and selected by reading titles and abstracts using Rayyan QCRI. Selection of studies, data extraction and methodological quality assessment (AMSTAR 2) were conducted independently, in duplicate. Data were extracted to a previously tested form that included information about dry mouth causes, interventions, outcomes and findings.

Results

There were 3323 records. At the end of the selection process, 48 studies were included and had data extracted. Only three high‐quality systematic reviews were found to support methods for managing dry mouth. Limited evidence suggests that topical therapies offer significant palliative or stimulating effects for relieving dry mouth symptoms. Furthermore, low‐quality evidence indicates a slight increase in saliva production with acupuncture, dry mouth prevention with amifostine, and saliva stimulation using pilocarpine in patients who have undergone head and neck radiotherapy.

Conclusion

Salivary substitutes and stimulants mostly acted as moisturisers and some as saliva stimulants, with short‐term effect. More than 80% of the reviews were appraised as ‘critically low’ quality. Well‐designed and well‐reported systematic reviews are still needed to increase the level of evidence on dry mouth management methods.

Protocol Registration

Prospero Registration CRD42022325854
Metacognition, philosophy in prisons and the demands of rehabilitation
Authors: Gois Isabel , Kane Eddie
Published: January 2025

This article sets out the case for providing regular philosophy sessions in prisons by focusing on its role in improving metacognition. We start by drawing attention to an important body of research on metacognition that is relevant to supporting prisoners in transitioning towards more prosocial lifestyles, as well as navigating the complexities of life both during and post‐incarceration. We then make the case for offering philosophy programmes in prisons in order to help nurture and develop metacognitive skills in this population.
Clear scalp, clear mind: Examining the beneficial impact of dandruff reduction on physical, emotional and social wellbeing
Authors: Newton‐Fenner A. , Roberts H. , Scott M. , Jones T. , Collins L. , Godbehere A. , Giesbrecht T.
Published: January 2025

Objective

Dandruff is a common scalp condition characterized by the chronic shedding of large clumps of epidermal cells. Alongside negative physical symptoms, dandruff is thought to have a detrimental impact on individuals' mental health. The aim of this study was to determine whether the clinical benefits of using an anti‐dandruff shampoo (ADS) will result in improved psychological wellbeing in individuals suffering from dandruff. Further, this study aimed to investigate whether this improvement would manifest in changes in self‐esteem and confidence behaviours.

Methods

A 4‐week dandruff reduction intervention was implemented using a Piroctone Olamine ADS formulation. The control group continued to use their non‐ADS. Self‐evaluation metrics, including the Scalpdex, State Self‐Esteem Scale and self‐perceived hair and scalp characteristics questionnaires, were employed to measure changes in self‐perceptions of hair and scalp health and psychological wellbeing. Following this analysis, the dataset was then combined with unpublished internal data of a similar intervention study using a Zinc Pyrithione ADS formulation. A mediation analysis was conducted on the combined data to examine the relationship between dandruff symptoms, emotions, and overall behavioural functioning.

Results

First, the ADS effectively reduced the clinical symptoms of dandruff. Second, Scalpdex scores indicated that the use of ADS, compared to non‐ADS, lessened the adverse effects of dandruff on symptom perception and emotional distress. Third, the impact of dandruff on behavioural functioning diminished over time, and measures of confidence, scalp comfort and scalp health improved over time, irrespective of product type. Fourth, there was no change in measures of self‐esteem for either shampoo. Subsequently, the mediation analysis revealed that across both studies, ADS treatment improved symptoms, emotional wellbeing, and functioning ratings on the Scalpdex questionnaire. Importantly, it also found that improvements in physical symptoms of dandruff improved behavioural functioning indirectly, via its mediating effect on scalp‐related emotional wellbeing.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that reducing dandruff's physical symptoms directly enhanced emotional well‐being related to scalp and hair, and indirectly improved overall daily functioning. These findings suggest that addressing dandruff symptoms not only increases physical comfort but also positively impacts individuals' mental and emotional health, and their ability to function in their daily lives.
Anti‐skin aging effects of Gosori liquor lees extract by regulating interactions between senescent fibroblasts and adipose‐derived stem cells
Authors: Woo Jieun , Ji Hyanggi , Jeon Kyungeun , Kim Hongbae , Yoon Sohyun , Hwang Yunhee , Cho Eunae , Park Deokhoon , Jung Eunsun
Published: January 2025

When cellular ageing is accelerated by various extrinsic/endogenous stimuli, regenerative function deteriorates, and enriched secretomes, such as the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP), contribute to chronic inflammation and cause matrix degeneration. SASPs from senescent fibroblasts exacerbate cellular senescence via autocrine signalling and also accelerate skin ageing through the induction of neighbouring cell senescence via paracrine signalling. The interaction between dermis fibroblasts and their neighbours, adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) in the hypodermis, which lies deep in the dermis, is a potential target for skin ageing. In this study, we observed that an extract of the lees of Gosori liquor (GLE), a traditional Korean liquor made by fermenting millet and rice, suppressed the senescence of fibroblasts, including SASP production, in a replicative senescent model. We further examined whether the anti‐ageing effects of GLE on fibroblasts affected the cellular senescence of their surrounding cells, ADSCs. The results showed that senescence factors in ADSCs were suppressed by culture medium from senescent fibroblasts (SF‐CM) treated with GLE compared to the SF‐CM‐only treated group. Furthermore, the regenerative ability of ADSCs was promoted in the GLE‐treated SF‐CM group. ADSC migration was stimulated by upregulating the levels of α‐smooth muscle actin, collagen type I alpha 2, and vascular endothelial growth factor expression through the PI3K/AKT pathway. Those results indicate that GLE can exert regenerative ability by regulating fibroblasts, and adipocyte interactions, improving cellular senescence. We conducted a clinical trial of subjects over 45 years of age to confirm the anti‐ageing effects of GLE in vivo and observed changes in ageing parameters, such as skin wrinkles and volume on the face (IRB No. DM‐IRB‐2023‐809‐01‐T1). The results showed that GLE‐containing cream was more effective in improving skin wrinkles, elasticity, density, thickness, and volume around sunken eyes after 4 weeks of use than placebo. In conclusion, GLE plays an important role in inhibiting the ageing transition to ADSCs by inhibiting the senescence of fibroblasts and can be a promising anti‐ageing strategy.
Self‐Management Behaviours in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: What Role Do Health Beliefs Play?
Authors: Hu Huiling , Xu Anqi , Wang Zhenqing , Gao Chao , Wu Xue
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Self‐management is the intrinsically controlled ability of an active, responsible, informed and autonomous individual to live with the medical, role and emotional consequences of his chronic conditions in partnership with his social network and the healthcare providers. This study evaluated the self‐management behaviours of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and assess the association between health beliefs and self‐management behaviours.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study investigated 269 rheumatoid arthritis patients' self‐management behaviours using the Self‐Care Behaviours Scale with a score of 0–4 for each item and a total score of 0–100 points, and health beliefs using the Arthritis Health Belief Inventory with a score of 1–5 for each item and a total score of 0–165 points. Structural equation modelling with maximum likelihood method was used to explore the mediating effect of health beliefs.

Results

The patients' mean score for self‐management behaviours was at the intermediate level (2.49 ± 0.60). Sex, marital status, per capita monthly income, payment of medical expenses, social status, disease staging, duration of morning stiffness, joint pain score, treatment, receiving health education, perceived severity, perceived benefits, cue to action and health motivation were significant predictors of the average score of self‐management behaviour of the rheumatoid arthritis patients. Perceived severity, perceived benefits, cues to action and health motivation directly affected self‐management behaviours; perceived severity influenced self‐management behaviours through the mediating effect of cues to action; and health motivation affected self‐management behaviours through the chain mediating effect of perceived benefits and cues to action.

Conclusion

Self‐management behaviour of rheumatoid arthritis patients was at a moderate level, and health beliefs can effectively explain the differences in self‐management behaviour scores. Health providers should pay attention to patients with different sociodemographic characteristics and disease‐related characteristics, evaluate their health belief level, and develop targeted intervention measures to further improve patients' self‐management behaviour level and improve their disease prognosis.
Effects of Sensory‐Based Interventions on Delirium Prevention in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Xu Chenli , Zhang Yan , Yuan Dajiang , Wang Cuiling , Wang Xiaoru , Liang Xiaojuan , Wang Junli , Duan Junfang
Published: January 2025

Objective

To identify, appraise and synthesize current evidence on different sensory‐based interventions on delirium prevention in critically ill patients.

Data Sources

A comprehensive electronic literature search was performed in the PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library, China Biology Medicine, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang and WeiPu databases from inception to 2 June 2022. The data were updated on 24 December 2022. The study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD 42021254328).

Review Methods

Randomized controlled trials were included. Participants in the included studies were critically ill patients aged 18 years or older, and the interventions involved care by sensory‐based intervention. And the outcome was the incidence of delirium rated by the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU Tool.

Results

The 14 studies included in the systematic review indicated a reduction in the effectiveness of sensory‐based intervention on the incidence of delirium. Subgroup analyses showed significant effects for auditory stimulation (OR, 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27–0.79; p = 0.005) and tactile stimulation (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.33–0.87; p = 0.01) but not for the effectiveness of visual intervention on the incidence of delirium (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.38–1.30; p = 0.27).

Conclusions

Sensory‐based interventions significantly reduce the incidence of delirium in critical patients. It is suggested that when choosing sensory‐based interventions, auditory intervention should be preferred.
‘Wisdom Is Knowledge Plus Experience’: Qualitative Study of Lived Experience and Researcher Perspectives on Suicide Research Co‐Production
Authors: Krysinska Karolina , Ozols Ingrid , Fraser Trisnasari , Banfield Michelle , Hawgood Jacinta , Kõlves Kairi , Ross Victoria , McGrath Martina , Edwards Bronwen , Andriessen Karl
Published: January 2025

The need for involvement of people with lived experience of suicide in the conduct of suicide research and intervention has been recognised in research and policy. However, there is limited understanding and guidance on how to support their genuine and safe engagement in suicide research. This qualitative study considered the perspectives of 19 people with lived experience of suicide, and 17 researchers engaged in suicide‐related research to explore their needs, expectations and experience of co‐produced suicide‐related research. Data was collected between October and December 2020 via semi‐structured interviews. Thematic analysis resulted in five themes: (1) towards co‐production, (2) power imbalances, (3) heterogeneity of lived experience, (4) enhancing safety and (5) value of co‐production. Participants considered lived experience involvement at all stages of research to improve research impact and outcomes. However, persisting power imbalances were experienced by participants and participatory approaches did not always align with existing research systems and organisational structures. Complexities identified by participants related to accommodating different skills, experiences and social identities of those with a lived experience perspective and balancing safeguarding principles with strength‐based approaches that may capitalise on participants' existing strengths. Delphi guidelines developed from an associated consensus study on active involvement of people with lived experience of suicide in suicide research address some of the concerns mentioned by study participants and form a useful resource to guide future research endeavours.
Biophilic Design: An Experiment in Teaching Furniture Design Studio
Authors: Rashdan Wael , Ashour Ayman Fathy
Published: January 2025

In response to increasing societal concerns for environmental issues, there is a growing demand for products that are both functional and eco‐friendly. This study investigates how integrating nature‐inspired furniture design into educational curricula prepares students for the evolving demands of the design industry. Conducted within an undergraduate furniture design studio, students were tasked with creating nature‐inspired furniture, emphasising sustainability. The article examines how this approach enhances student creativity, fosters an appreciation for biophilia and encourages sustainable design practices, highlighting the pedagogical benefits of nature‐inspired design. Research methodologies, including observations, focus groups and surveys, were designed to describe and categorise student learning experiences and the advantages of a nature‐inspired design pedagogy. Findings indicate that using nature as design inspiration positively influences student creativity, encourages innovative concept exploration and fosters environmental empathy, thereby integrating biophilic and sustainable design principles into their work and enhancing their creative skills.
Communication Patterns and Influencing Factors Between Chronically Ill Adolescents and Their Parents: A Scoping Review
Authors: Chen Lingxi , Chen Shu , Ruan Jiayin , Zhou Yunxian
Published: January 2025

Aims

Parent–adolescent communication is vital for the self‐management of chronically ill adolescents. However, evidence regarding communication patterns and influencing factors between adolescents with chronic diseases and their parents remains limited. This study aims to synthesise and summarise these patterns and factors.

Design

A scoping review.

Data Sources

A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases, including CINAHL, PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and China Wanfang Database, from inception to August 2024.

Results

Twenty‐three articles were included. Three distinct communication patterns between adolescents with chronic illness and their parents were identified: avoidant, intrusive and open. Additionally, three categories of factors influencing these communication patterns were summarised: adolescent‐related factors (gender, age, disease condition and psychological status), parent‐related factors (gender, education level, employment condition, disease knowledge and psychological status) and social support.

Conclusions

This review underscores that avoidance and intrusion represent two negative communication patterns related to disease within the parent–adolescent dyad relationship, highlighting the need for targeted interventions based on the identified influencing factors to ameliorate these patterns. In addition, some understudied areas were recognised, which warrant further exploration.

Implication for the Profession/Patient Care

Nurses are encouraged to enhance parents' disease education to improve their communication self‐efficacy and reduce the occurrence of avoidant parent–adolescent communication. In addition, facilitating parental empowerment in disease management for their adolescent children is essential, as it contributes to avoiding intrusive communication behaviours. The psychological status of both adolescents and their parents has also been found to be crucial to parent–adolescent communication, which in turn exerts a profound impact on their mental well‐being, warranting additional attention from nurses.

Reporting Method

Reporting was adhered to the EQUATOR guidelines, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
The Effect of Nurses' Perceived Social Support on Job Burnout: The Mediating Role of Psychological Detachment
Authors: Chunxia Li , Ding Yunmei , Wang Dongdong , Deng Chuanyao
Published: January 2025

Aims

To investigate the impacts of social support and psychological detachment on nurses' job burnout, as well as to validate psychological detachment's mediating effect.

Design

The study was conducted using a questionnaire‐based cross‐sectional design.

Methods

From October 2023 to March 2024, convenience sampling was used to distribute electronic questionnaires (including a general information questionnaire, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Psychological Detachment Scale, and the Social Support Scale) to investigate the current state of job burnout, psychological detachment, and social support among nurses. A total of 325 nurses were included in the study. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 29.0 software and the SPSS Process 4.1 plug‐in.

Results

Results showed that both social support and psychological detachment were negatively correlated with job burnout. Excluding general demographic characteristics, social support was negatively associated with job burnout through psychological detachment, where psychological detachment mediated social support and emotionally exhausting job burnout with a mediating effect of 8.93%.

Conclusion

Nurses' job burnout can be mitigated by both social support and psychological detachment, with psychological detachment acting as a mediation of the effect of social support.

Impact

Nursing managers should take measures to enhance the social support of nurses appropriately. At the same time, it is necessary to arrange work reasonably and establish a solid communication mechanism to improve nurses' psychological detachment and reduce nurses' job burnout.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public involvement.
Should Non‐Monogamy Be Consensual?
Authors: Briggs R.A.
Published: January 2025

Non‐monogamists sometimes defend their practices on the grounds that, unlike cheating, practices like polyamory are consensual. I argue that advocates of non‐monogamy should not be satisfied with this consent‐based defense. The slogan ‘non‐monogamy should be consensual’ concedes too much to the hegemonic presumption of monogamy – that is, the idea that monogamous expectations of sexual and emotional exclusivity are the right default setting for romantic relationships. I consider the three most plausible readings of the slogan ‘non‐monogamy should be consensual’: that the consent involved is something like sexual consent; that it applies to the relationship as a whole, and not to the non‐monogamy in particular; and that it is necessary for releasing someone from a promise or commitment of monogamy. I argue that none of these readings should be acceptable to someone who rejects hegemonic monogamy. I then sketch what a positive alternative to hegemonic monogamy might look like.
Mother–infant stress contagion? Effects of an acute maternal stressor on maternal caregiving behavior and infant cortisol and crying
Authors: Bruinhof Nina , Beijers Roseriet , Lustermans Hellen , de Weerth Carolina
Published: January 2025

Background

Postpartum maternal distress has been associated with adverse infant outcomes. A potential pathway of how maternal distress affects infant outcomes could be alterations in maternal caregiving behavior. However, the associations between maternal distress, caregiving behavior, and infant outcomes have never been tested in a controlled experiment. This preregistered study utilized an experimental design to investigate the effects of an acute maternal stressor on infant cortisol and crying and the possible mediating role of maternal caregiving behavior.

Methods

Mother‐infant dyads (N = 91) participated in a lab visit at 8 weeks postpartum, where mothers were separated from their infants to either perform a Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) or a control task. The task was immediately followed by a mother‐infant interaction to assess maternal caregiving behavior and infant cortisol and crying.

Results

Our structural equation model found no differences between conditions (stressor/control) on maternal caregiving behavior and infant response to maternal stress. Secondary findings revealed that higher quality of maternal caregiving behavior was related to lower levels of infant crying and lower cortisol levels at the end of the visit, but not cortisol at reunion.

Conclusions

Our findings do not support the occurrence of mother‐infant stress contagion in this experimental setting but do indicate a link between maternal caregiving behavior and infant behavioral and cortisol responses. Given the high prevalence of maternal mental health problems and their possible negative association with offspring development, further (experimental) research is needed to understand just how maternal postpartum distress affects young infants.
Comparison Between Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test and Modified Agglutination Test for Detecting Anti‐Toxoplasma gondiiIgG Antibodies in Neotropical Primates
Authors: Carvalho Nycolas Octavio Ribeiro , Gaspar Raquel Cuba , Lima Suellen Gonçalves , da Silva Zanini Dayane , Rodrigues Nássarah Jabur Lot , Guimarães Victor Yunes , da Silva Aristeu Vieira , Rahal Sheila Canevese , Henrique Anna Luisa Pizzaia , Fornazari Felipe , Langoni Helio
Published: January 2025

Background

Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite with a great impact on the health of Neotropical primates (NP). The aim of this study was to compare the agreement between the immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and the modified agglutination test (MAT) to detect IgG anti‐T. gondii antibodies in NP.

Methods

Convenience serum samples of 77 animals were tested by IFAT and MAT according to standard protocols, and the agreement between results was analyzed using McNemar's χ2 test.

Results

The samples included 30 red‐handed howlers (Alouatta belzebul), 24 brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba), 22 capuchin monkeys (Sapajus nigritus), and one wedge‐capped capuchin (Cebus olivaceous). Overall prevalence was 25.9% (n = 20), with three animals positive by IFAT and 20 positives by MAT. The agreement between tests was low (Kappa = 0.21).

Conclusion

The results indicated that IFAT and MAT are not comparable to assess qualitatively anti‐T. gondii IgG serum antibodies in the studied species.
Fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with CAD‐CAM milled and prefabricated post‐and‐core systems
Authors: Hamitoglu Betül , Ozkurt‐Kayahan Zeynep
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To compare the effect of post‐and‐core material type and production technique on the fracture resistance of teeth.

Materials and Methods

Sixty human maxillary central incisors were used for the study. Root canal treatments were performed, and the post cavities were created. The teeth were divided into six groups (n = 10) according to post material and production method: prefabricated glass‐fiber post (PF), zirconia post (PZ), titanium post (PT), and CAD‐CAM produced glass‐fiber post (CF), zirconia post (CZ), titanium post (CT). All post‐and‐core restorations were luted with resin cement (RelyX U200). Static loading was applied on the luted metal copings using a universal testing machine to measure fracture resistance. The effect of material and production method on fracture resistance was evaluated with two‐way ANOVA test. Tukey HSD test was used in post hoc analyses. Significance was evaluated at p < 0.05 level.

Results

In the CAD‐CAM post‐and‐cores, the fracture resistance of zirconia was significantly higher (809 N) than titanium (569 N) and glass‐fiber (342 N). In the prefabricated posts, the fracture resistance of zirconia was significantly higher than glass‐fiber (445 N), while there was no significant difference between zirconia (605 N) and titanium (538 N) materials.

Conclusion

Zirconia posts demonstrated the highest and CAD‐CAM glass‐fiber posts demonstrated the lowest fracture resistance compared to other types of post materials. Additional studies are needed to confirm if CAD‐CAM glass‐fiber posts may be considered an effective alternative treatment.
A Hedonic Sensory Trial: Exploring the Relationship Between Sweet‐Liker Status, Demographics, and Health Measures on Acceptability in a Beverage System
Authors: Cartwright Jessica , Smyth Heather E. , Netzel Michael E. , Sultanbawa Yasmina F. , Wright Olivia R. L.
Published: January 2025

There is concern that high sugar‐sweetened beverage consumption may reduce the intake of more nutritionally dense foods and lead to a higher risk of chronic diseases, particularly for vulnerable populations, including First Nations People. The current study investigates consumer acceptability of five carbonated beverages with a range of sugar contents (0%–11.5%) including novel low‐sugar formulations with bush fruits and commercial soft drink comparators. The results from 142 consumers reveal the full sugar soft drink (11.5% sugar) had the highest acceptability, closely followed by the low sugar novel formulation (5.9% sugar). The consumer cluster “full sugar soft drink likers” were more likely to be younger, of First Nations status, be a “sweet‐liker”, have a lower perceived intensity of sweetness, and a higher weekly consumption of full sugar soft drinks compared to the “full sugar soft drink disliker” group, where “sweet‐dislikers” made up > 80% of this cluster.
Cell proliferation suppressor RBR1 interacts with ARID1 to promote pollen mitosis via stabilizing DUO1 in Arabidopsis
Authors: Li Lei , Hu Qianqian , Zhao Yi , Jiang Ting , Yang Huaihao , Zheng Binglian
Published: January 2025

In plants, sperm cell formation involves two rounds of pollen mitoses, in which the microspore initiates the first pollen mitosis (PMI) to produce a vegetative cell and a generative cell, then the generative cell continues the second mitosis (PMII) to produce two sperm cells. DUO1, a R2R3 Myb transcription factor, is activated in the generative cell to promote S‐G2/M transition during PMII. Loss‐of‐function of DUO1 caused a complete arrest of PMII. Despite the importance of DUO1, how DUO1 is regulated is largely unexplored.

We previously demonstrated that ARID1, an ARID transcription factor, stimulates DUO1 transcription.

Here, we show that cell proliferation suppressor RBR1 interacts with ARID1 to stabilize DUO1. While the C‐terminus of RBR1 is dispensable for vegetative growth, it plays a crucial role in reproductive development and facilitates interaction with ARID1. Moreover, DUO1 is a short‐lived protein, ARID1 promotes the RBR1–DUO1 interaction, and RBR1 stabilizes DUO1 in a proteasome‐dependent manner. Thus, RBR1 promotes DUO1‐dependent PMII progression via antagonizing its repressive role in the cell cycle factors CDKA;1 and CYCB1;1.

Collectively, we uncover that ARID1 and RBR1 act in concert to regulate DUO1 at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels, balancing cell specification and cell division.