bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Word of Mouth for Movies: Its Dynamics and Impact on Box Office Revenue
Authors: Liu Yong
Published: January 2019

This article uses actual word-of-mouth (WOM) information to examine the dynamic patterns of WOM and how it helps explain box office revenue. The WOM data were collected from the Yahoo Movies Web site. The results show that WOM activities are the most active during a movie's prerelease and opening week and that movie audiences tend to hold relatively high expectations before release but become more critical in the opening week. More important, WOM information offers significant explanatory power for both aggregate and weekly box office revenue, especially in the early weeks after a movie opens. However, most of this explanatory power comes from the volume of WOM and not from its valence, as measured by the percentages of positive and negative messages.
Consumer Negative Voice and Firm-Idiosyncratic Stock Returns
Authors: Luo Xueming
Published: January 2019

Prior research has largely focused on the positive side of customer experience, such as satisfaction. In contrast, this study investigates the negative side of customer experience and tests the harmful impact of consumer negative voice on firms' stock returns. Based on a longitudinal real-world data set that matches consumer negative voice (complaint records) in the airline industry with firm stock prices, this article finds that higher levels of current consumer negative voice harm firms' future idiosyncratic stock returns. In addition, this harmful impact is robust (albeit different across airline companies) after latent heterogeneity and traditional finance fundamentals are considered. These findings enable marketers and corporate financers to be more confident with customer equity theory and customer relationship management. In addition, armed with “hard” data (record-based, longitudinal), this research helps relieve criticisms against prior studies that are based on “soft” data (survey-based, cross-sectional). To financial analysts, this research suggests that, all else being equal, they should rate downward the stocks of firms that are shadowed by harmful consumer negative voice. In today's high-tech environment with blogs and online forums, the damage caused by negative voice may be nontrivial and should not be ignored. Overall, this research demonstrates to managers that investments in reducing consumer negative voice could indeed make financial sense in terms of promoting firm-idiosyncratic stock returns.
The Last Picture Show? Timing and Order of Movie Distribution Channels
Authors: Hennig-Thurau Thorsten , Henning Victor , Sattler Henrik , Eggers Felix , Houston Mark B.
Published: January 2019

Movies and other media goods are traditionally distributed across distinct sequential channels (e.g., theaters, home video, video on demand). The optimality of the currently employed timing and order of channel openings has become a matter of contentious debate among both industry experts and marketing scholars. In this article, the authors present a model of revenue generation across four sequential distribution channels, combining choice-based conjoint data with other information. Drawing on stratified random samples for three major markets—namely, the United States, Japan, and Germany—and a total of 1770 consumers, the empirical results suggest that the studios that produce motion pictures can increase their revenues by up to 16.2% through sequential distribution chain timing and order changes when applying a common distribution model for all movies in a country and that revenue-optimizing structures differ strongly among countries. Under the conditions of the study, the authors find that the simultaneous release of movies in theaters and on rental home video generates maximum revenues for movie studios in the United States but has devastating effects on other players, such as theater chains. The authors discuss different scenarios and their implications for movie studios and other industry players, and barriers for the implementation of the revenue-maximizing distribution models are critically reflected.
Managing the Future: CEO Attention and Innovation Outcomes
Authors: Yadav Manjit S. , Prabhu Jaideep C. , Chandy Rajesh K.
Published: January 2019

The current literature presents a mixed view of top managers, often characterizing them as an impediment to innovation, irrelevant for innovation, or, at best, having an indirect effect on innovation. In contrast, the authors use an attentional perspective to argue that chief executive officers (CEOs) have a positive, direct, and long-term impact on how firms detect, develop, and deploy new technologies over time. The authors test their arguments on longitudinal data from the U.S. retail banking industry. They show that CEO attention is a critical driver of innovation even (1) when the target of attention is not innovation per se but simply future events and external events in a generic sense; (2) when the innovation outcomes occur far in the future (sometimes several years in the future); (3) when the innovation outcomes are conceptually, empirically, and temporally distinct; and (4) in an empirical context (i.e., banking) that is not traditionally viewed as “high tech” and, thus, innovation centric.
Drivers of Success for Market Entry into China and India
Authors: Johnson Joseph , Tellis Gerard J.
Published: January 2019

China and India are the fastest-growing major markets in the world and the most popular markets for foreign entrants. However, no study has examined the success or failure of these entries. Using a new definition of success and a uniquely compiled archival database, the authors analyze whether and why firms that entered China and India succeeded or failed. The most important findings are rather counterintuitive: Smaller firms are more successful than larger firms, and firms entering more open emerging markets have less success. Other findings are that success is greater with earlier entry, greater control of entry mode, and shorter cultural and economic distances between the home and the host countries. Importantly, with or without control for these drivers, firms have less success in India than in China. The authors discuss the reasons for and implications of these findings.
Instant Customer Base Analysis: Managerial Heuristics Often “Get it Right”
Authors: Wübben Markus , Wangenheim Florian v.
Published: January 2019

Recently, academics have shown interest and enthusiasm in the development and implementation of stochastic customer base analysis models, such as the Pareto/NBD model and the BG/NBD model. Using the information these models provide, customer managers should be able to (1) distinguish active customers from inactive customers, (2) generate transaction forecasts for individual customers and determine future best customers, and (3) predict the purchase volume of the entire customer base. However, there is also a growing frustration among academics insofar as these models have not found their way into wide managerial application. To present arguments in favor of or against the use of these models in practice, the authors compare the quality of these models when applied to managerial decision making with the simple heuristics that firms typically use. The authors find that the simple heuristics perform at least as well as the stochastic models with regard to all managerially relevant areas, except for predictions regarding future purchases at the overall customer base level. The authors conclude that in their current state, stochastic customer base analysis models should be implemented in managerial practice with much care. Furthermore, they identify areas for improvement to make these models managerially more useful.
Reasons for Market Evolution and Budgeting Implications
Authors: Wang Fang , Zhang Xiao-Ping (Steven)
Published: January 2019

Identifying market evolution is a necessary step in persistence analysis of marketing input–output relationships. Using the advertising–sales relationship to represent general marketing input–output dynamics, the authors theoretically distinguish two types of market evolution: (1) intrinsic evolution, in which sales evolve independent of advertising and temporary advertising can generate persistent effects, and (2) induced evolution, in which sales evolution is supported by sustained advertising budgets in an intrinsic-stationary market and there are no real persistent effects of temporary advertising. The proposed intrinsic market evolution test can identify intrinsic-evolving and intrinsic-stationary markets. The authors analyze five major budgeting implications and provide methods to quantify temporary and sustained budgeting. In general, in an intrinsic-evolving market, budgeting can be short-term focused, whereas in an intrinsic-stationary market, the focus should be on sustained budgeting. Percentage budgeting at a sufficient level can create induced evolution. Contrary to conventional wisdom, temporary, intensive advertising campaigns are often not necessary. Empirical illustrations demonstrate the two types of evolutions and the relationships between budgeting methods and sales performance.
Private-Label Use and Store Loyalty
Authors: Ailawadi Kusum L. , Pauwels Koen , Steenkamp Jan-Benedict E.M.
Published: January 2019

The authors develop an econometric model of the relationship between a household's private-label (PL) share and its behavioral store loyalty. The model includes major drivers of these two behaviors and controls for simultaneity and nonlinearity in the relationship between them. The model is estimated with a unique data set that combines complete purchase records of a panel of Dutch households with demographic and psychographic data. The authors estimate the model for two retail chains in the Netherlands—the leading service chain with a well-differentiated high-share PL and the leading value chain with a lower-share PL. They find that PL share significantly affects all three measures of behavioral loyalty in the study: share of wallet, share of items purchased, and share of shopping trips. In addition, behavioral loyalty has a significant effect on PL share. For the service chain, the authors find that both effects are in the form of an inverted U. For the value chain, the effects are positive and nonlinear, but they do not exhibit nonmonotonicity, because PL share has not yet reached high enough levels. The managerial implications of this research are important. Retailers can reap the benefits of a virtuous cycle; greater PL share increases share of wallet, and greater share of wallet increases PL share. However, this virtuous cycle operates only to a point because heavy PL buyers tend to be loyal to price savings and PLs in general, not to the PL of any particular chain.
Brand Communities and New Product Adoption: The Influence and Limits of Oppositional Loyalty
Authors: Thompson Scott A. , Sinha Rajiv K.
Published: January 2019

Brand communities have been cited for their potential not only to enhance the loyalty of members but also to engender a sense of oppositional loyalty toward competing brands. However, the impact of brand community membership on actual new product adoption behavior has yet to be explored. This study examines the effects of brand community participation and membership duration on the adoption of new products from opposing brands as well as from the preferred brand. Longitudinal data were collected on the participation behavior, membership duration, and adoption behavior of 7506 members spanning four brand communities and two product categories. Using a hazard modeling approach, the authors find that higher levels of participation and longer-term membership in a brand community not only increase the likelihood of adopting a new product from the preferred brand but also decrease the likelihood of adopting new products from opposing brands. However, such oppositional loyalty is contingent on whether a competitor's new product is the first to market. Furthermore, in the case of overlapping memberships, higher levels of participation in a brand community may actually increase the likelihood of adopting products from rival brands. This finding is both surprising and disconcerting because marketing managers usually do not know which other memberships their brand community members possess. The authors discuss how managers can enhance the impact of their brand community on the adoption of the company's new products while limiting the impact of opposing brand communities.
The Impact of Counterfeiting on Genuine-Item Consumers’ Brand Relationships
Authors: Commuri Suraj
Published: January 2019

An often-overlooked constituent in the debate on counterfeiting is the consumer of the genuine article—a brand manager's primary constituent. These consumers are drawn to premium brands in part because of the exclusivity and connotation of prestige associated with them. These characteristics are also the reason such brands are attractive targets of counterfeiting. When premium brands are counterfeited, which in turn gives a variety of consumers access to them, how do consumers of the genuine items react to the erosion of exclusivity and prestige? An investigation involving premium brands in Thailand and India reveals that consumers of genuine items adopt one of three strategies when faced with the prospect of their favorite brands being counterfeited: flight (abandoning the brand), reclamation (elaborating the pioneering patronage of a brand), and abranding (disguising all brand cues). The author examines these strategies in detail, revealing how the potential loss of exclusivity and prestige can either drive genuine-item consumers away from the brand or impel them to make strong claims to their patronage.
Marketing Healthful Eating to Children: The Effectiveness of Incentives, Pledges, and Competitions
Authors: Raju Sekar , Rajagopal Priyali , Gilbride Timothy J.
Published: January 2019

This research examines how school administrators can motivate children to make more healthful food choices using incentives, pledges, and competitions as interventions. A six-month field study was conducted across 55 elementary and middle schools, and the authors analyzed the data using a two-level Bayesian hierarchical linear model. All three interventions increased the choice of fruits and vegetables (the proportion of children choosing additional servings increased 3 to 24 percentage points) ten weeks after the interventions ended. However, younger (Grades 1 and 2) and older (Grades 3–8) children responded differently to the interventions. Although both younger and older children responded more favorably to the competition intervention than to the pledge or incentive interventions, the effects of the competition and incentive interventions were more pronounced among the younger children. A second field study, also with schoolchildren, examined the role of pledge reminders on adherence to the pledge. The presence of a visible reminder of a pledge resulted in significantly better outcomes than no reminder of a pledge.
Signaling Status with Luxury Goods: The Role of Brand Prominence
Authors: Han Young Jee , Nunes Joseph C. , Drèze Xavier
Published: January 2019

This research introduces “brand prominence,” a construct reflecting the conspicuousness of a brand's mark or logo on a product. The authors propose a taxonomy that assigns consumers to one of four groups according to their wealth and need for status, and they demonstrate how each group's preference for conspicuously or inconspicuously branded luxury goods corresponds predictably with their desire to associate or dissociate with members of their own and other groups. Wealthy consumers low in need for status want to associate with their own kind and pay a premium for quiet goods only they can recognize. Wealthy consumers high in need for status use loud luxury goods to signal to the less affluent that they are not one of them. Those who are high in need for status but cannot afford true luxury use loud counterfeits to emulate those they recognize to be wealthy. Field experiments along with analysis of market data (including counterfeits) support the proposed model of status signaling using brand prominence.
Governance Mechanisms in Business-to-Business Electronic Markets
Authors: Grewal Rajdeep , Chakravarty Anindita , Saini Amit
Published: January 2019

Rather than relying on traditional relational exchanges, recent technological advances have made it feasible for firms to undertake market-based transactions through information technology–mediated electronic markets. The success of such business-to-business electronic markets depends on the governance practices of the market maker—that is, the firm that manages and administers the electronic market. Market makers use three governance mechanisms to manage electronic markets: (1) monitoring the market participants (i.e., buyers and sellers that participate in the market), (2) building a sense of community among market participants to instill mutual respect and trust, and (3) self-participating in the electronic market to build know-how about how the market functions. Building on transaction cost analysis theory, the authors suggest that the influence of these governance mechanisms on electronic market performance (i.e., meeting strategic and financial objectives) depends on behavioral and external uncertainty in the market. Survey data from market makers show that (1) monitoring is effective for reputed market makers and when demand uncertainty is high, (2) community building is beneficial when pricing is static rather than dynamic, and (3) self-participation is useful when the market maker is well reputed and when the market relies on dynamic pricing.
DISCOver: DIStributional approach based on syntactic dependencies for discovering COnstructions
Authors: Antònia Martí Maria , Taulé Mariona , Kovatchev Venelin , Salamó Maria
Published: January 2019

One of the goals in Cognitive Linguistics is the automatic identification and analysis of constructions, since they are fundamental linguistic units for understanding language. This article presents DISCOver, an unsupervised methodology for the automatic discovery of lexico-syntactic patterns that can be considered as candidates for constructions. This methodology follows a distributional semantic approach. Concretely, it is based on our proposed pattern-construction hypothesis: those contexts that are relevant to the definition of a cluster of semantically related words tend to be (part of) lexico-syntactic constructions. Our proposal uses Distributional Semantic Models for modelling the context taking into account syntactic dependencies. After a clustering process, we linked all those clusters with strong relationships and we use them as a source of information for deriving lexico-syntactic patterns, obtaining a total number of 220,732 candidates from a 100 million token corpus of Spanish. We evaluated the patterns obtained intrinsically, applying statistical association measures and they were also evaluated qualitatively by experts. Our results were superior to the baseline in both quality and quantity in all cases. While our experiments have been carried out using a Spanish corpus, this methodology is language independent and only requires a large corpus annotated with the parts of speech and dependencies to be applied.
Multidimensional sensitivity study of the fuzzy risk assessment module in the life cycle of building objects
Authors: Plebankiewicz Edyta , Wieczorek Damian
Published: January 2019

The main purpose of this paper is to check the correctness of the operation of “the fuzzy risk assessment module in the life cycle of building objects”. The authors examine sensitivity of the module to the possible change of parameters that may affect the final result of the calculations due to modification: sets of membership functions for input and output variables, rules of fuzzy implication to the process of aggregation of premises and aggregation of result conclusions, as well as methods for defuzzification the resultant value. All 99 combinations of input variable values were simulated taking into account the combination for: 4 sets of membership functions (polygonal, complex, harmonic and Gaussian dunctions), 4 sets of T-norms and S-norms (minimum and maximum of Mamdani, algebraic product and sum, product and sum of Hamacher, and product and sum of Einstein) and 2 defuzzification methods (centre of gravity and bisector area method). The authors calculated arithmetic average (m), standard deviation (s) and coefficient of variation (V), which is a relative measure of variation for each of the 3168 combinations. Based on the results of research, the authors recommended the most appropriate sets of parameters that may affect the final result of the calculations.
Selection of the optimal solution of acoustic screens in a graphical interpretation of biplot and radar charts method
Authors: Dachowski Ryszard , Gałek Katarzyna
Published: January 2019

The choice of an optimal solution among various available technological and material undertakings often becomes a problem of the engineering community. A multi-criteria technical and economic analysis is used in order to facilitate decision making. The objective of this article is to present biplot methods and radar charts as a possibility of graphic presentation of research results by obtaining an optimal solution on the example of an analysis of technological and material undertakings of acoustic screens. The research consisted in identifying technological and material solutions of the selected acoustic screens, and then defining features (criteria) and cases (technological and material solutions). The results were presented in radar charts and biplot-type graphs. The methodology consisted in generating a data matrix, which is then processed, decomposed and finally scaled. The calculations were carried out in the Statistica programme. The carried-out analysis showed that the spider web and biplot methods differ from each other. The biplot graph more precisely describes the solutions, and it presents the correlations between variables and cases.
Comparison of energy parameters of a centrifugal pump with a multi-piped impeller in cooperation either with an annular channel and a spiral channel
Authors: Chomiuk Bartłomiej , Skrzypacz Janusz
Published: January 2019

The article presents results of numerical analyzes, which raise a subject of influence of the cooperation the multi-piped impeller with a rationalized flow geometry of annular casing and volute casing for liquid flow through centrifugal pump and their operating parameters in the extremely low specific speed nq<10. The multi-piped impeller (patented by authors) is a major alternative to classic vane impellers. The stator type is responsible for the conversion of the kinetic energy of the liquid by the impeller outlet into potential energy, which determines the overall efficiency of the pump. Also, the article presents qualitative and quantitative verification of results obtained by computer modeling and an attempt to estimate their accuracy. The article focuses mainly on the comparison of the performance parameters of the pump with a multi-piped impeller in cooperation with two stator types with a rationalized flow geometry. Both outlet elements were tested in various configurations of constructional features. The complexity of the construction of the stator can significantly affect the manufacturing costs of pump unit.

Knowledge concerning construction of hydraulic elements of centrifugal pumps working in the range of parameters corresponding specific speed (nq<10) is insufficient. As shown in the paper, the annular type casing model pump cooperating with a multi-piped impeller, designed in accordance with literature, reached far poorer operating parameters than the rational annular construction in a configuration with the same impeller.
Designing for empowerment – An investigation and critical reflection
Authors: Schneider Hanna
Published: January 2019

Technology bears the potential to empower people – to help them tackle challenges they would otherwise give up on or not even try, to make experiences possible that they did not have access to before. One type of such technologies – the application area of the thesis presented here – is health and wellbeing technology (HWT), such as digital health records, physical activity trackers, or digital fitness coach applications. Researchers and companies alike often claim that HWTs empower people to live healthier and happier lives. However, there is reason to challenge and critically reflect on these claims and underlying assumptions as more and more researchers are finding that technologies described as empowering turn out to be “disempowering”. This critical reflection is the starting point of the thesis presented here: Can HWTs really empower people in their everyday lives? If so, how can we design for empowerment?

In my cumulative dissertation, I combine studies on existing HWTs, such as patient-controlled electronic health records and personalized mobile fitness coaches with the development of novel prototypes such as transparent digital fitness coaches that communicate their rationale to the user. By reflecting on these case studies, I come to revisit the sometimes washed-out meaning of “empowerment” in “empowering technologies”; I introduce a framework to establish conceptual clarity; and I suggest three principles to design for empowerment based on my own work and the Capability Approach by Sen and Nussbaum that aim to inform and inspire research on HWTs and beyond.
Adaptive Scheduling Mechanism with Variable Bit Rate Traffic in EPON
Authors: Rayapati Bhargav Ram , Rangaswamy Nakkeeran
Published: January 2019

In Ethernet Passive Optical Network, with Load Adaptive Polling Sequence Arrangement (LASA) method, the Optical Line Terminal assigns delayed polling sequence arrangement for a set of Optical Network Units (ONUs) over the cycles. This arrangement has resulted in identical cycle time with Constant Bit Rate traffic. In addition, the LASA through its arrangement provides sleep mode to different set of ONUs over the cycles and provides maximum sleep time for ONUs. With these advantages of LASA and keeping the scenario with different cycle times for the ONUs, in this work, the Variable Bit Rate (VBR) based LASA method is analyzed. The variation in the cycle times has resulted in two cases and in each case by varying the maximum (Mxi) and the minimum (Mni) idle times, a maximum of 40.6% reduction in power consumption is observed in LASA with VBR scheduling method than traditional one.
Prostate Cancer-Specific of DD3-driven oncolytic virus-harboring mK5 gene
Authors: Hao Jiali , Xie Wenjie , Li Hui , Li Runsheng
Published: January 2019

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most diagnosed cancer in Western male population. In this study, we insert mK5 (the mutational kringle5 of human plasminogen) into a DD3-promoted (differential display code 3) oncolytic adenovirus to construct OncoAd.mK5.DD3. E1A.dE1B, briefly, OAd.DD3.mK5. DD3 is one of the most prostate cancer specific promoters which can transcriptionally control adenoviral replication. mK5 has been proved to be able to inhibit the tumor angiogenesis and inhibit cell proliferation. Our results suggested that targeting PCa with OAd.DD3.mK5 elicited strong antitumor effect.
Impediments and Desirability of Complete Ban on International Movement of Toxic Waste
Authors: Nwankwo Cletus Famous , Okafor Uchenna Paulinus
Published: January 2019

This essay identifies the obstacles to a complete ban on international movement of hazardous waste and critiques its desirability. The essay argues that the obstacles are difficulties in formulating and implementing multilateral waste management treaties (WMTs), socioeconomic factors and trade liberalisation. Also, it argues that the desirability of a complete ban is a function of national priority and socio-economic differentials that underpin the waste trade. Furthermore, since the Basel Convention as amended is not a ‘Holy Grail’, the responsibility of a complete ban will lie on the shoulders of countries that do want to ‘trade poison for cash’. Such countries will have to strengthen their environmental legislation, forge and sustain stronger joint actions to confront the problem.
The Perfect in (Brazilian) Portuguese: A Functional Discourse Grammar View
Authors: Olbertz Hella
Published: January 2019

In most Germanic and Romance languages the present perfect has developed from a resultative meaning via an anterior into absolute past. In Functional Discourse Grammar terms this corresponds to the grammaticalization of a phasal aspectual operator at the layer of the Configurational Property, via a relative tense operator at the layer of the State-of-Affairs, into an absolute tense operator at the layer of the Episode. This is what happened in Romance languages, such as French and Italian, while Peninsular Spanish is developing in the same direction, without as yet having fully reached the absolute past stage. The Portuguese present perfect, however, is different as it does not express resultative aspect, relative past or absolute past meaning but rather the iteration or continuity of an event from some past moment onward until after the moment of speaking. A further idiosyncrasy of the perfect in Portuguese is that the auxiliary is based on Latin tenere rather than habere, as is the case in the other Romance languages. This paper describes the semantic and the morphosyntactic aspects of the grammaticalization of the (Brazilian) Portuguese perfect in diachrony and synchrony. It turns out that (i) the medieval habere-based Portuguese present perfect becomes obsolete and the past perfect develops into a relative past, (ii) the post-medieval tenere-based past perfect turns into a relative past as well, whereas (iii) the tenere-based present perfect undergoes semantic specialization in the course of the 20th century. This paper shows how these facts can be accounted for within the Functional Discourse Grammar approach to the grammaticalization of aspect and tense.
Structural Integrity Assessment of a Nuclear Vessel through ASME and Master Curve Approaches Using Irradiation Embrittlement Predictions
Authors: Ferreño Diego , Fernández-Rucoba David , Casado José A. , Bascones Roberto , Ruiz Estela , Rodríguez Álvaro , Miguel Roberto , Poncela Enrique G.
Published: January 2019

The assessment of the structural integrity of nuclear vessels is based on a series of procedures developed in the 1970s and 1980s. On one hand, curves that, according to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers code, describe the relationship between steel toughness and temperature in the ductile-to-brittle transition region, based on the reference temperature concept RTNDT, were adopted in 1972. On the other hand, the material embrittlement derived from the exposure of steel to neutron irradiation is determined through the model included in “Regulatory Guide 1.99 Rev. 2,” published in 1988. Since then, there have been enormous advances in this field. For example, the Master Curve, based on the reference temperature T0, describes the relationship between toughness and temperature in the transition zone more realistically and with much more robust microstructural and mechanical foundations and uses the elastic-plastic fracture toughness KJc. Moreover, improved models have been developed to estimate the embrittlement of steel subjected to neutron irradiation, such as ASTM E900, Standard Guide for Predicting Radiation-Induced Transition Temperature Shift in Reactor Vessel Materials. This study is aimed at comparing the results obtained using traditional procedures to the improved alternatives developed later. For this purpose, the behavior of the steel of a nuclear vessel that is currently under construction has been experimentally characterized through RTNDT and T0 parameters. In addition, the material embrittlement has been quantified using “Regulatory Guide 1.99 Rev. 2” and ASTM E900. These experimental results have been transferred to the assessment of the structural integrity of the vessel to determine the pressure-temperature limit curves and size of the maximum admissible defect as a function of the operation time of the plant. The results have allowed the implicit overconservatism present in the traditional procedures to be quantified.
Institutional Design, Neopatrimonialism, and the Politics of Aid in Afghanistan
Authors: Maley William
Published: January 2019

State disruption confronted Afghanistan’s rulers and their international supporters with a challenging legacy after 2001. The emergence of a neopatrimonial political order, with formal bureaucratic and administrative structures entwined with informal networks and patronage, has significantly affected attempts at aid delivery. Such dangers need to be recognized and addressed at the outset in internationally supported transitions
Select but diverse countries are reducing both climate vulnerability and CO2 emissions
Authors: Grecequet Martina , Saikawa Eri , Hellmann Jessica J.
Published: January 2019

Mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and adaptation to climate risk are two essential ingredients of climate change policy. Both are needed and co-benefits may exist. Yet, mitigation and adaptation are not usually pursued together. Part of remedying this shortcoming is understanding the relationship between GHG emissions and climate vulnerability reduction and recognizing when and where they trend together. Here, we compare changes in fossil fuel CO2 emissions per capita and in climate vulnerability scores over the past two decades in 179 countries. We use climate vulnerability scores from the well-established ND-GAIN Country Index, a composite metric constructed from thirty-six indicators covering three components of vulnerability (exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity). We find that 69% of the countries decreased climate vulnerability, while increasing their per capita fossil fuel CO2 emissions. These countries are successfully reducing climate vulnerability but are increasing their GHG emissions and thus failing in mitigation efforts. In contrast, 23% of the countries have been successful in simultaneously reducing per capita CO2 emissions and climate vulnerability. Furthermore, in highly vulnerable countries, increasing CO2 emissions are not correlated with decreasing climate vulnerability. These findings underscore that climate vulnerability reduction may be due only partly to economic development. This finding also changes our prevailing view that increases in CO2 emissions are associated with vulnerability reduction. Finally, examining mitigation and climate-vulnerability reduction by sector, we show that a majority of countries are able to reduce vulnerability in ecosystem services. Those countries and sectors with positive trends provide examples for others to follow, as solutions at the mitigation-climate vulnerability reduction interface are essential for sustainable economic development.
Indonesian Penal Policy: Toward Indonesian Criminal Law Reform Based on Pancasila
Authors: Najih Mokhammad
Published: January 2019

Criminal law enforcement in Indonesia has always been a very crucial and the sexiest issue. Almost 35 years the idea of criminal law enforcement has been carried out and so far several concepts of the National Criminal Code have been born which continue to experience developmental dynamics that are quite interesting to study. The desire to realize a better criminal law and be able to fulfill the aspirations of the people is the ideal criminal law politics (penal policy). National Criminal Law must have characteristics that are typical of Indonesia, authentic and original, encompassing customary law, systems of values â€‹â€‹and beliefs, characteristics of modern states and international values. Pancasila as the source of all sources of law, which has not received serious attention needs to be used as a recommendation for the paradigm of penal reform. Pancasila has at least the main principles that must be implemented in all formulations of criminal legislation. These principles are among others, principles based on the source of religious values (Godhead / Divine God), the value of humanity (humanism), the value of unity and peace, the value of democracy and the value of social justice. Therefore, Indonesian criminal law must have values that are based on Pancasila, both in the form of legal norms (addresaat norm), on the types of acts that are regulated (straafbar), in the form of punishment or sanctions (straafmaat), as well as regulatory aspects and implementation of law enforcement  law (formal law).
The Immigration Crime and Policy: Implementation of PPNS Authorities on Investigation
Authors: Syahrin Muhammad Alvi
Published: January 2019

Immigration crime and criminal law are one of the interesting studies not only seen in terms of law enforcement but also criminal law politics and authority arrangements in immigration. For Indonesia, the problem of immigration is a challenging problem, not because it is only the location of Indonesia that is vast and has many access points for immigrants, but also the authority between institutions. Article 105 of Law Number 6 Year 2011 on Immigration, states that the Immigration Civil Servant Investigator is authorized as an Immigration criminal investigator conducted in accordance with the provisions. The results of this study are: (1) enforcement of immigration law conducted one of them with the investigation of perpetrators of violations of the Immigration Act. The process of investigating the perpetrators of violation of Immigration Law is based on the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code as lex generalis and Immigration Law as lex specialis. In this research, law enforcement has been carried out in order to participate in trading fake immigration/passport travel documents by providing unauthorized data or incorrect information to the Immigration officer to obtain travel documents of the Republic of Indonesia for himself, (2) in implementing immigration law enforcement function there are still obstacles faced Immigration Civil Servant Investigator include low knowledge, lack of operational fund, lack of public participation in reporting the existence of foreigner in their environment, weakness of coordination with other law apparatus and obstacle from law factors.
Impersonating Fishermen: Illegal Fishing and the Entry of Illegal Immigrants as Transnational Crime
Authors: Lewerissa Yanti Amelia
Published: January 2019

Illegal fishing carried out by foreign fishing vessels (Kapal Ikan Asing, KIA) and Indonesian fishing vessels (Kapal Ikan Indonesia, KII) in Indonesian waters also causes other crimes such as the entry of illegal immigrants to Indonesia. This writing aims to assess the relationship between illegal fishing and the entry of illegal immigrants as a form of transnational crime. The research method used is normative legal research. The sources of legal material used are primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials related to writing. The technique of collecting data through library studies and analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study show that Indonesia as the largest archipelagic country in the world with 17,504 large and small islands and a length of coastline of 81,700 km 2 makes Indonesia a country with abundant marine resource potential. For this reason, many foreign naval fleets have made Indonesian waters as the main destination for their capture fisheries. This capture fishery company has more foreign ownership, the exploitation of marine resources that we own both legally and illegally. Likewise, this also happened in the Moluccas territory. As a province of the archipelago with an ocean area of â€‹â€‹658,295 km 2 with a coastline length of 11,000 km 2, the Maluku Sea holds abundant potential for marine wealth. Arafura Sea is one of the fisheries management areas which is often the main destination for foreign-owned fishing vessels. These fresh fish from the Moluccas are stolen and taken away in fresh condition directly to the area of â€‹â€‹origin of the perpetrators. Illegal fishing activities not only make Indonesia economically disadvantaged, but there is another problem, namely the existence of other crimes that usually follow the illegal fishing activities. One of them is the entry of illegal immigrants into Indonesian territory.
Dampak Sertifikasi Profesi dan Sertifikasi Kompetensi Akuntansi terhadap Kinerja Guru Akuntansi SMK
Authors: Hasanah Dewi , Syamwil Rodia , Sudana I Made
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak sertifikasi profesi dan sertifikasi kompentensi guru terhadap kinerja guru akuntansi SMK di Kabupaten Pekalongan. Populasi penelitian ini adalah 55 guru akuntansi SMK yang tersebar di 13 SMK di Kabupaten Pekalongan. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 32 orang guru akuntansi SMK yang telah memiliki sertifikasi profesi dan atau sertifikasi kompentensi. Data dikumpulkan melalui angket langsung yang dijawab oleh guru. Berdasarkan analisa deskriptif diperoleh hasil Sertifikasi profesi dan sertifikasi kompentensi berdampak positif terhadap kinerja guru akuntansi SMK, kinerja guru akuntansi yang bersertifikasi dalam kategori baik dan tinggi. Sertifikasi profesi dan sertifikasi kompentensi berdampak positif terhadap kinerja, guru yang memiliki sertifikasi profesi dan sertifikasi kompentensi (SPSK) memiliki kinerja dalam kompentensi profesional lebih baik dibandingkan guru yang hanya memiliki sertifikasi profesi (SP) dan guru yang hanya memiliki sertifikasi kompentensi (SK) saja.This study aims to determine the impact of professional certification and certification of competence of teachers on teacher performance accounting vocational school in Pekalongan. The study population was 55 accounting vocational teachers across 13 vocational schools in Pekalongan. The sample in this study were 32 teachers who already have a vocational accounting professional certification or certification of competence. Data were collected through questionnaires answered by the teacher directly. Based on descriptive analize get the result that the profession certification and compentence certification have positive impact to accounting teacher of vocational high school performance. Those can be proved with research result that show accounting teacher of vocational high school performance in high category. The profession certification and compentence certification have positive impact to accounting teacher of vocational high school performance in pedagogic compentency.The profession certification and compentence certification have positive impact to accounting teacher of vocational high school performance in teacher professional competency that shown in high category.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Proyek dan Motivasi terhadap Kompetensi Praktik Pengelasan
Authors: Saerozi Saerozi , Hadromi Hadromi , Khumaedi Khumaedi
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) Pengaruh model pembelajaran proyek berorientasi Ecopreneurship terhadap hasil belajar praktik pengelasan di SMK; (2) Pengaruh motivasi terhadap hasil belajar praktik pengelasan di SMK; (3) Pengaruh interaksi model pembelajaran proyek berorientasi Ecopreneurship dan motivasi belajar siswa secara bersama-sama terhadap hasil belajar praktik Pengelasan di SMK. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan menggunakan teknik Simple Random sampling yang dilakukan kepada 60 siswa. Pengambilan data diperoleh melalui angket dan tes serta dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan uji statistik anava dua jalan dengan interaksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada taraf signifikasi 5% : (1) Ada pengaruh penggunaan model pembelajaran proyek berorientasi Ecopreneurship terhadap hasil belajar praktik Pengelasan di SMK (2) Ada pengaruh motivasi belajar terhadap hasil belajar praktik pengelasan di SMK. (3) Ada pengaruh interaksi model pembelajaran proyek berorientasi Ecopreneurship dan motivasi belajar siswa secara bersama -sama terhadap hasil belajar praktik Pengelasan di SMK. This study is motivated by low of student activity, lack of understanding on environmental problem and non maximum learning outcome of welding practice in class X TKR students in Vocational High School. This study aims to determine (1) the effect of Ecopreneurship-oriented project learning model on the learning outcomes of welding practice in Vocational High School; (2) The effect of motivation on the learning outcomes of welding practice in Vocational High School; (3) The interaction effect of Ecopreneurship-oriented project learning model and student learning motivation simultaneously on learning outcomes of welding practice in Vocational High School. This study was an experimental study using Simple Random sampling technique performed to 60 students. The data were collected through questionnaire and test and analyzed using descriptive statistic and two ways ANOVA statistical test with interaction. The results showed that at 5% significance level: (1) There was an effect of Ecopreneurship-oriented project learning model on the learning outcomes of welding practice in Vocational High School (2) There was an effect of learning motivation on the learning outcomes of welding practice in Vocational High School. (3) There was an interaction effect of Ecopreneurship-oriented project learning model and student learning motivation simultaneously on learning outcomes of welding practice in Vocational High School. This study has an advantage to add insight about the learning model/strategy to improve student learning outcomes, as well as a contribution of scientific work for the development of useful science for society.
Kompetensi Kewirausahaan Siswa Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan
Authors: Jabidi Ahmad , Slamet Achmad , Khumaedi Muhammad
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji perbedaan kompetensi kewirausahaan siswa SMK Islamiyah Adiwerna Kabupaten Tegal Jawa Tengah yang prakerin di bengkel resmi dan bengkel perorangan. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survei dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi pada penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas XII jurusan teknik sepeda motor dengan populasi 169 dengan sampel responden 123 siswa dengan pembagian 49 siswa yang prakerin dibengkel resmi dan 74 siswa  yang prakerin dibengkel perorangan. Pengambilan data menggunakan angket. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis data deskriptif kuantitatif dan Uji T. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan kompetensi kewirausahaan yang dimiliki oleh siswa yang prakerin dibengkel resmi lebih tinggi daripada siswa yang prakerin dibengkel perorangan, dimana siswa yang prakerin dibengkel resmi nilainya sebesar 110,90 sedangkan siswa yang prakerin dibengkel perorangan sebesar 105.00, hasil uji T 2 pihak menunjukan Sign. (2-tailed) didapatkan 0.00 yang artinya ada perbedaan kompetensi kewirausahaan antara siswa yang praktik kerja industri di bengkel resmi dan bengkel perorangan. This research was aimed to describe the students’ enterpreneurship competence of SMK Islamiyah Adiwerna Kabupaten Tegal Jawa Tengah who did prakerin in the legal garage and individual garage. The research was a survey research which used quantitative approach. The population was all students at XII of Motorcycle Technique Department consisted of 169 students and the respondent samples were 123 students. The 49 students did prakerin in the legal garage, and the 74 students were in the individual garage. Furthermore, the researcher used questionnaire to collect the data, and he also used quantitaive descriptive and t test. Based on the result of this research, it could be concluded that the students’ enterpreneurship competence who did prakerin in the legal garage was higher than the students who were in the individual garage. Furthermore, the score of students who did prakerin in the legal garage was 110,90, and the score of students who did prakerin in the indiviual garage was 105,00. The result of destination T 2 point of sign (2-taied) is received 0.00 its meaning there is different enterpreneurshipcompetence between student who company work practice in legal workshop and personal workshop.