bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study of an Engine Anomaly Detection Model IForest-ADOA
Authors: Liu Liu , Xiao Min
Published: January 2022

In the environment of the Industrial Internet, automatic and effective anomaly detection methods are of great importance to ensure the safety and stability of engines. However, in practical engine applications, traditional machine learning anomaly detection methods often have limitations due to a large number of unmarked samples and high latitude data. In this paper, an engine anomaly detection model based on the ADOA model is proposed, combining the unsupervised learning iForest model with the semi-supervised learning ADOA model. Through the anomalous samples detected by iForest, the ADOA model is used to learn their features and patterns and perform clustering, to achieve the anomaly detection of the samples and improve its accuracy at the same time. Experiments based on a real engine dataset show that this model has good results in terms of anomaly recognition rate and anomaly misclassification rate for anomaly detection of high-dimensional data generated by real environments.
The DUNE vertical drift photon detection system
Authors: Paulucci L.
Published: January 2022

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a long-baseline neutrino experiment designed to mainly investigate oscillation parameters, supernova physics and proton decay. Its far detector will be composed of four liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) underground modules, in South Dakota-USA, which will detect a neutrino beam produced at Fermilab, 1300 km away, where a near detector will be in place. The second DUNE far detector module, vertical drift, will be a single phase LArTPC with electron drift along the vertical axis with two volumes of 13.5 m × 6.5 m × 60 m dimensions separated by a cathode plane. The charge collection will be performed by two anode planes placed at the top and bottom of the module, each composed by stacked layers of a perforated PCB technology with electrode strips. The photon detection system (PDS) will make use of large size X-Arapuca tiles distributed over three detection planes. One plane will consist of a horizontal arrangement of double sided tiles installed on the high voltage cathode plane and two vertical planes, each placed on the longest cryostat membrane walls. A light active coverage of 14.8% over the cathode and 7.4% over the laterals should allow improvements in the low energy physics range that can be probed in DUNE, especially regarding supernova neutrinos (∼10 MeV). We present the initial characterization of the vertical drift PDS using a Monte Carlo simulation and preliminary studies on its reconstruction capabilities at the MeV scale. The information obtained with the PDS alone should allow determination of a neutrino interaction region with a precision of at least 65 cm for events with deposited energy above 5 MeV and the deposited energy can be reconstructed with precision better than 10%, both at the center of the volume.
Development of analog signal transmission in LAr for DUNE
Authors: Sacerdoti S.
Published: January 2022

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is currently investigating a new prototype design for its second far detector module. The new concept proposes a vertical drift liquid argon time projection chamber, with a cathode at mid-height in the detector and anodes made of printed circuit boards, located at the top and bottom of the detector. In this context, the design of the photo-detection system needs to be revisited, opening a window of opportunity for further optimization and new developments. It is envisaged to distribute the photo-sensors (x-ARAPUCA) on the cathode surface. Such a system is required to operate within high-voltage surfaces, with both power supply and signal delivered using non-conductive materials. This article describes the on-going work to collect and read-out the signal of the photo-sensors, which are re-shaped into large tiles containing 160 SiPMs each. A new ganging scheme for the SiPMs is introduced. In particular, this article will focus on the proposed option to read out the sensors using an analog optical transmitter, that should ensure the transmission of the signals — with a wide dynamic range — to the outside of the cryostat to be digitized.
A model to characterize soil moisture and organic matter profiles in the permafrost active layer in support of radar remote sensing in Alaskan Arctic tundra
Authors: Bakian-Dogaheh Kazem , Chen Richard H , Yi Yonghong , Kimball John S , Moghaddam Mahta , Tabatabaeenejad Alireza
Published: January 2022

Organic matter (OM) content and a shallow water table are two key variables that govern the physical properties of the subsurface within the active layer of arctic soils underlain by permafrost, where the majority of biogeochemical activities take place. A detailed understanding of the soil moisture and OM profile behavior over short vertical distances through the active layer is needed to adequately model the subsurface physical processes. To observe and characterize the profiles of soil properties in the active layer, we conducted detailed soil sampling at five sites along Dalton Highway on Alaska’s North Slope. These data were used to derive a generalized logistics function to characterize the total OM and water saturation fraction behavior through the profile. Furthermore, a new pedotransfer function was developed to estimate the soil bulk density and porosity—information that is largely missing from existing soil datasets—within each layer, solely from the soil texture (organic and mineral properties). Given the currently sparse soil database of the Alaskan Arctic, these profile models can be highly beneficial for radar remote sensing models to study active layer dynamics.
Seagrass rehabilitation in Thousand Islands, Jakarta: step to restore
Authors: Darus R F , Agus S B , Kurniawan F , Juraij  , Subarno T
Published: January 2022

Seagrass plays an essential role in coastal areas with ecological functions as a marine habitat, sediment trap, sediment stabilizer, nutrients filter, and dampen current. Fisheries and tourism are the seagrass ecosystem services that are the primary community livelihood in Thousand Island. However, seagrass condition has decreased in the last decade, influenced by coastal development, mass tourism, and climate change. This study aims to assessed the seagrass status and identify the threat in the last decade. Seagrass coverage was assessed in 2007 and 2018 using plot transect, and then seagrass threats were documented and collected from research articles, manuscripts, proceedings, and unpublished reports. Seagrass coverage has significantly decreased on Thousand Islands. Seagrass threats include pollution, reclamation, vessel activities, mass tourism, coastal development, climate change, and biotic factors (macroalgae and epiphyte coverage). The threats impact seagrass conditions, such as species diversity, area, and ecosystem services. Rehabilitation is needed to recover seagrass conditions using a direct or indirect approach. These findings recommend that managers should arrange the seagrass rehabilitation action plan to minimize seagrass degradation.
Value estimating of the sedimentation rate at the shipwreck sites (MV Boelongan Nederland) the Mandeh Bay Region-Pesisir Selatan Regency
Authors: Hermon D , Gusman M , Putra A , Dewata I
Published: January 2022

Sufficiently high sediment deposit at the shipwreck diving site (MV Boelongan Nederland) the Mandeh bay region - Pesisir Selatan Regency due to infrastructure development has resulted in significant changes in the physical environment and may affect the existence of the shipwreck diving site. The analysis method regarding the sedimentation rate is carried out based on data from sediment traps that have been installed at the location of the shipwreck diving site, river flow, and river estuary. Based on the sedimentation rate measurement from the sediment trap, there is a close relationship between the sediment supply of the Mandeh river flow and the Nyalo river flow that affects the sedimentation rate at the shipwreck diving site. Where it was found the sedimentation rate in the shipwreck diving site was 15,33 g.m-2day-1. With the condition of the waters of Mandeh bay region being semi-closed from open water, it is suspected that the sediment contributed from these rivers is mostly trapped and settled in these water areas.
A Review on the difference of physical and mechanical properties of bioplastic from seaweed hydrocolloids with various plasticizers
Authors: Budiman M A , Uju  , Tarman K
Published: January 2022

Seaweed hydrocolloids such as alginate and carrageenan extracted from brown and red algae have the potential to be developed as bioplastic. Bioplastic is a polymer from natural materials that are biodegradable. Alginate and carrageenan-based bioplastics are brittle and inelastic. Plasticizers such as glycerol, sorbitol and polyethylene glycol can be added to formulate plastic to improve its properties. The aim of the research was to review the physico-chemical properties of the bioplastic made from seaweed hydrocolloids with various additions of plasticizers. The data used in this study were taken from several accredited national journals and international publications. The data were presented quantitatively and synthesized narratively to answer the hypothesis of the study. The results showed that the addition of plasticizer in bioplastic preparation affected the physico-chemical properties of bioplastics. The thickness and elongation at break of bioplastic increased after the addition of plasticizers. However, the tensile strength of the bioplastic has decreased after added with plasticizer.
Study of law on Indonesian migrant fishers’ protection in foreign fishing vessels
Authors: Mustofa A , Solihin A , Desyana C , Hardianto B T
Published: January 2022

The protection of crew members on foreign fishing vessels is a common concern, both in the world and in Indonesia. This is due to the many cases of violations of Indonesian crew members on foreign fishing vessels. The purpose of this study is to analyze the regulation of crew protection on foreign fishing vessels based on international law and Indonesian laws and regulations, as well as their implementation. This research is descriptive by using normative juridical methods on international law and national law, and comparative juridical which compares international law and national law, as well as empirical juridical on the implementation of human rights protection in Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that international law protects crew members related to certification standards and training standards, ship construction standards, and decent working conditions standards. Meanwhile, Indonesian national law is in accordance with international law, except for the absence of standard ship construction standards. The implementation of human rights protection found that there were violations of human rights related to salaries that were not in accordance with the contract and working hours that exceeded the limit.
The effect of addition mangrove leaves powder to lipid oxidation of chocolate bar during the shelf life
Authors: Ratrinia P W , Sumartini  , Komala U I
Published: January 2022

Mangrove leaves consist of antioxidants to covert the nutritional value during storage, to the handling of radical scavenging and lipid oxidation. Many kinds of mangrove species such as Avicennia officinalis (AO), Avicennia marina (AM), and Rhizophora apiculata (RA) with contains an antioxidant such as flavonoids, tannins, and saponin. The study was aimed to determine FFA Value, Peroxide Value (PV), vitamin C, and antioxidant activity of chocolate by adding mangrove leaves powder (A. officinalis, A. marina, and R. apiculata) during storage 14 days at ambient temperature. The design used in this research was Randomized Block Design (RBD) using three different treatments for variety mangrove leaves powder. The test method used in this study are testing FFA Value, Peroxide Value (PV), vitamin C, and antioxidant activity. The statistical analysis used in this study is the analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a confidence level of 95. %. The addition of mangrove leaf powder affects biochemical changes in chocolate products during 14 days of storage. The addition of R. apiculata leaf powder can slow the increase in FFA and PV levels and decrease antioxidant activity in chocolate bar products during the shelf life. In addition, the addition of Avicennia marina leaf powder can slow down the decrease in vitamin C levels due to the storage process. The results of Vitamin C test from chocolate with the addition of Avicennia marina leaf powder during storage for 14 days decreased by 0.18%, Avicennia officinalis 0.19%, and Rhizophora apiculata 0.35%.
Beach recreation suitability and carrying capacity estimations for tourism development in Cianjur, West Java
Authors: Kelana P P , Pamungkas W , Arkham M N
Published: January 2022

Cianjur, West Java, has the potential for beach recreation tourism development object. This research was conducted to analyze beach recreational suitability and carrying capacity estimations. The survey method is used for data collection. The parameters observed were the physical appearance of the beach, dangerous biota, supporting facilities, and infrastructure. Data processing was performed to calculate the value of the beach recreation suitability index in order to determine the category of tourism suitability and calculate the carrying capacity of the tourism area. Based on the result of this research, the percentage value of the suitability of 6 beaches ranges from 42.59%-77.77%. There are 4 locations categorized as very suitable, while 1 location is categorized as in accordance with the requirements, and 1 location is categorized as not suitable. The smallest carrying capacity of beach recreation and beach sports tourism object is Batu Kukumbung beach, with 140 people/day, while the largest is Tipar Sunlight Beach, with 5139 people/day. This research suggests that Jayanti Beach is a priority for developing beach recreation tourism locations in Cianjur with a slight increase in facilities.
The joint efforts of the parties to realize ICM conception for the sustainability: Lesson learned the interagency coordinating mechanism in Sukabumi Regency
Authors: Isdahartati  , Solihin A , Damar A , Narcise C I S , Kurniawan T
Published: January 2022

The high potential of coastal and marine resources in Sukabumi Regency has a large complexity of problems between agencies, so it needs to be managed and planned in an integrated and coordinated manner in its management efforts. sustainability of coastal and marine resources with an Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) approach. In line with Pemsea’s ICM framework. The coordination mechanism through this institution has been implemented by Sukabumi Regency since 2014 as stated in the SK PCC and PMO of the ICM Institution with the Regent’s Decree No. 213 of 2003 and the revision of the Regent’s Decree 660.1/Kep.579-BLH/2014 consisting of 40 Regional Government Units (OPD), community groups and NGOs which are the main keys in determining the strategic plan for coastal areas and small islands of Sukabumi Regency and revised in 2016. The inter-agency coordination mechanism, one of the main dynamics, plays a key role in determining the strategic plan for the coastal and small islands of Sukabumi Regency as well as approving and establishing the annual work plan and financing plan for the implementation by PMO in Sukabumi Regency, such as the integrated environmental monitoring program (IEMP), geopark development, waste management in turtle control at Pangumbahan beach. Each program implemented is the result which consists of identification, program planning, program implementation, adoption, and monitoring and evaluation. The purpose of this activity is to find out how it operates and is maintained and how it has been implemented to address priority issues.
Distribution of saxitoxin producing algae in Jakarta Bay and the implication to saxitoxin concentration in green mussel
Authors: Dwiyitno D , Barokah G R , Rustiani R K , Wibowo S
Published: January 2022

Harmful algae blooms (HABs) have been associated with an annual incidence in Jakarta Bay. The The present study aimed to investigate the concentration of dinoflagellates producing saxitoxins (STXs) in Cilincing and Kalibaru regions and the STXs concentration in mussel species from this coastal water. A sampling of phytoplankton, green mussel (Perna viridis), and environmental parameters were measured during the transition from wet to dry season. The water nutrients of the Cilincing region, mainly nitrite and ammonia in some green mussel aquaculture, have exceeded the recommended concentration to support the eutrophication/algae bloom. The N/P ratio at the study area was between 10 and 22. Plankton identification found STXs producing dinoflagellates, i.e., Alexandrium sp. and Gymnodinium sp. Other species of dinoflagellates and diatom showed predominantly to trigger algae Bloom, such as Skeletonema sp., Chaetoceros sp., Prorocentrum sp., Gonyaulax sp., Protoperidinium sp., and Nitzchia sp. Further analysis of saxitoxin in mussel samples from Cilincing and Kalibar showed STX concentrations of 10.15 μg/100 g and 21.24 μg/100 g, respectively, which is fairly below the official maximum limit (80 μg/100 g) as set by FAO/WHO or national standard.
The perspective of high coral growth rate on the artificial reef: what is causing enhancement of coral growth rate on Nyamuk Island, Anambas?
Authors: Prabowo B , Rikardi N , Setiawan M A , Santoso P , Arafat D , Subhan B , Afandy A
Published: January 2022

The coral growth rate is affected by several ecological conditions, which could lead to enhancement or deceleration. Good marine habitat and water conditions would escalate coral fragment growth rate on rehabilitation sites. This study was assessed to determine the coral growth rate transplanted on artificial reef-building for rehabilitation purposes and indicated the main driving factors that enhance coral growth rate at Nyamuk Island, Anambas. Benthic communities, coral length, and coral growth rate compared through the year. Analysis of variances and Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to indicated differences between variables and analyse driving factors of coral growth rate. Hard coral and sand coverage increasing during observation. Coral length based indicated constant escalation. However, coral growth yearly showed fluctuation with peak growth from 2014 to 2015. PCA exhibited hard coral, dead coral with algae, sponge, and sand played an important role in supporting coral growth on rehabilitation at Anambas. Available niche for other marine faunas built by artificial reef-building could support to preserve of the coral fragments. Acquisitions of hard coral by coral fragments could be supported by good natural hard coral coverage in the habitat. Herbivorous is one factor that could support recent coral reefs.
The social-ecological dynamic of small-scale fisheries in Coastal Area of Dumai City
Authors: Arkham M N , Krisnafi Y , Hutapea R Y F , Ikhsan S A , Tiku M , Mardiah R S , Kelana P P , Haris R B K
Published: January 2022

Small-scale fishery activities that often occur in coastal areas Dumai City are part of the socio-ecological system, where the waters around the coastal areas provide services to several fishermen who live around and are interrelated with each other. This study aimed to identify the dynamic of social and ecological systems to the sustainability of small-scale fisheries in the waters of Dumai City. The are 3 research location in village, namely Pelintung, Tanjung Palas, and Bangsal Aceh. The research method is a survey using interview techniques with a questionnaire. The data analysis in this research is descriptive qualitative, fishing gear productivity, fishermen’s income, and the relationship dynamics of the catch. The social characteristics of fishermen can be shown from their education, where most of the fishermen in Dumai City have elementary school education. The wives of fishers in Dumai City are mostly still taking care of the household, and only a few are processing fish. Fishers in Dumai City also carry out the duration of fishing operations based on the type of fishing gear (gillnet, scoop net, and portable trap). For the last seven years, the productivity of fishing with gillnet fishing gear has increased, while for scoop net and portable trap fishing gear, it has tended to decrease. The RPUE value of gillnet fishers shows the highest profit, where the average income in one trip is IDR 1,086,050.00 compared to other fishers. The fishermen’s perception also shows that the catch of gillnet fishers during the last five years has increased.
Potential various mangrove fruit extract as a bacterial growth resistor in Euthynnus affinis
Authors: Harahap K S , Sumartini  , Ikhsan S A
Published: January 2022

This research study effect of various mangrove fruit submersion as a bacterial growth resistor is in Euthynnus affinis in the process of preserving the fish. The designed used in this research was with theexperimental design using 4 treatments (Avicennia sp., Sonneratia sp., and Bruguierra sp.) mangrove extract with submersion fruit: water (3:1). The parameters being observed included the organoleptic test, total plate count number test, pH test, moisture content and protein content. The result of the study showed that the lowest total bacterial colonies were found in the treatment of Avicennia sp. mangrove’s fruit extract, which was 7,78×103 col/gr. The use of mangrove fruit extract in this study was able to extend the shelfshelf life for fresh fish for one week with refrigerated temperature.
Entropy generation in electroosmotically aided peristaltic pumping of MoS2 Rabinowitsch nanofluid
Authors: Akram Javaria , Akbar Noreen Sher , Tripathi Dharmendra
Published: January 2022

The main emphasis of this article is to compare the heat transfer performance of two different nanofluids i.e. carboxy-methyl-cellulose (CMC) + water-based molybdenum dioxide (MoS2) nanofluid and kerosene oil-based molybdenum dioxide nanofluid during the fluid flow through a symmetric microchannel which is pumped by the mechanism of peristalsis and electroosmosis. The energy dissipated by Joule heating and viscous dissipation is also taken into account. An analysis of volumetric entropy generation is also conducted. Rabinowitsch fluid model is employed to characterize the shear-thinning behavior of CMC + water solution and Newtonian fluid properties of kerosene oil. The mathematical model for the problem is formulated by the Navier–Stokes, energy equation, and Buongiorno fluid model in combination with the Corcione model for thermal conductivity and viscosity of the nanofluid. Further, the Poisson–Boltzmann equation is utilized to compute the potential generated across the electric double layer. The homotopy perturbation technique is employed to compute the approximate solutions for temperature and nanoparticle volume fraction and exact solutions are obtained for velocity and the stream function. Salient features of the fluid flow are illustrated with the aid of graphical results. Contour plots for stream function are prepared for flow visualization. A comparison of heat transfer performance and entropy generation between both working fluids is presented. It is observed that aqueous solution modified by CMC and nanoparticles possess a higher heat transfer tendency and less entropy is generated in this case when compared with other nanofluid i.e. MoS2/kerosene oil nanofluid under the same physical conditions. It is further noted that fluid flow can be controlled by the strength of the applied electric field. Upon increasing electroosmotic parameters, there is a very minute rise in volumetric entropy generation in the case of MoS2/CMC + water nanofluid. However, there is a substantial rise in entropy generation for MoS2/kerosene oil nanofluid.
Evaluation of nonlinear behavior of Airy, cos-Airy, and cosh-Airy beams with and without optical vortex
Authors: Habibi Forouzan , Moradi Mohammad
Published: January 2022

In this study, we investigate Airy, cos-Airy, and cosh-Airy beam lasers with optical vortex (OV). Then, taking into account the Fourier transform, we examine and compare the propagation of these beams in a strong nonlinear system. The results indicate that by changing the input power p
0 and the parameters b and propagation length, the location of OV displaces. It is shown that nonlinearity is one of the parameters that control OV in optical systems used in these types of lasers. An important property in these beams is their direction variation due to the change in the mentioned parameters, which can be used in applications such as beam switching.
Propagation dynamics of vector vortex beams in a strongly nonlocal nonlinear medium with parity-time-symmetric potentials
Authors: Yao Gang , Chew Khian-Hooi , Wu Yan , Li Yuhua , Chen Rui-Pin
Published: January 2022

We demonstrate the dynamical properties of a vector vortex optical field (VVOF) in a strongly nonlocal nonlinear medium (SNNM) with sine and cosine parity-time-symmetric potentials (SCPT) by using the coupled vector Snyder-Mitchell model. Our study shows that the shape of the optical field is chaotically distorted in different propagation distances due to the modulation of complex refractive index. Despite the distorted optical field, the VVOF reciprocally evolves in a periodic stretch and shrink behavior during propagation in the SNNM-SCPT. The reciprocal conversions between the linear and circular polarizations periodically occur during propagation. The evolution of VVOF and the linear and circular polarization conversions are strongly dependent on the modulation of the complex refractive index, the initial powers and the vortex topological charge numbers. These results can provide a new way to complexly manipulate the VVOF in a SNNM-SCPT.
Microstructure, wear and electrochemical behaviors of laser cladding Fe-based coatings with various molybdenum contents
Authors: Li Qian , Wang Qian , Zhang Liang , Chen Dong Xu , Jin Hui , Li Ji Dong , Zhang Jun Wei
Published: January 2022

Fe-based alloy coatings with different Mo contents were fabricated on 45 steel substrates by laser cladding. X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) were used to analyze the phase composition and microstructural evolution of the coatings. The effects of Mo addition on the wear and electrochemical behaviors of the coatings were analyzed by ball-on-disc wear tester and electrochemical workstation. The results showed that the addition of Mo could help refine grains and promote the transition of dendrites to equiaxed grains. With the increase of Mo content, the hard phases changed from Fe2B to Mo2FeB2. Mo and Cr tended to aggregate in the intercrystalline regions in the form of hard phases. When the Mo content was 4.8 wt%, the hardness increased by 3.6 times compared with that of the substrate. The wear resistance of the coatings increased with the Mo addition. Mo played the role of fine grain strengthening and solid solution strengthening, which was beneficial for the improvement of the hardness and wear resistance. Polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test results revealed that the addition of Mo could improve the corrosion resistance of Fe-based coating.
Image quality of dual-energy cone-beam CT with total nuclear variation regularization
Authors: Schröder Lukas , Stankovic Uros , Rit Simon , Sonke Jan-Jakob
Published: January 2022

Despite the improvements in image quality of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans, application remains limited to patient positioning. In this study, we propose to improve image quality by dual energy (DE) imaging and iterative reconstruction using least squares fitting with total variation (TV) regularization. The generalization of TV called total nuclear variation (TNV) was used to generate DE images. We acquired single energy (SE) and DE scans of an image quality phantom (IQP) and of an anthropomorphic human male phantom (HMP). The DE scans were dual arc acquisitions of 70 kV and 130 kV with a variable dose partitioning between low energy (LE) and high energy (HE) arcs. To investigate potential benefits from a larger spectral separation between LE and HE, DE scans with an additional 2 mm copper beam filtration in the HE arc were acquired for the IQP. The DE TNV scans were compared to SE scans reconstructed with FDK and iterative TV with varying parameters. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), spatial frequency, and structural similarity (SSIM) were used as image quality metrics. Results showed largely improved image quality for DE TNV over FDK for both phantoms. DE TNV with the highest dose allocation in the LE arm yielded the highest CNR. Compared to SE TV, these DE TNV results had a slightly lower CNR with similar spatial resolution for the IQP. A decrease in the dose allocated to the LE arm improved the spatial resolution with a trade-off against CNR. For the HMP, DE TNV displayed a lower CNR and/or lower spatial resolution depending on the reconstruction parameters. Regarding the SSIM, DE TNV was superior to FDK and SE TV for both phantoms. The additional beam filtration for the IQP led to improved image quality in all metrics, surpassing the SE TV results in CNR and spatial resolution.
Experimentally determining the incompatibility of two qubit measurements
Authors: Smirne Andrea , Cialdi Simone , Cipriani Daniele , Carmeli Claudio , Toigo Alessandro , Vacchini Bassano
Published: January 2022

We describe and realize an experimental procedure for assessing the incompatibility of two qubit measurements. The experiment consists in a state discrimination task where either measurement is used according to some partial intermediate information. The success statistics of the task provides an upper bound for the amount of incompatibility of the two measurements, as it is quantified by means of their incompatibility robustness. For a broad class of unbiased and possibly noisy qubit measurements, one can make this upper bound coincide with the true value of the robustness by suitably tuning the preparation of the experiment. We demonstrate this fact in an optical setup, where the qubit states are encoded into the photons’ polarization degrees of freedom, and incompatibility is directly accessed by virtue of a refined control on the amplitude, phase and purity of the final projection stage of the measurements. Our work thus establishes the practical feasibility of a recently proposed method for the detection of quantum incompatibility.
Enhancing Molecular and Cytogenetic Fellow Education With an Integrative Hematopathology/Molecular Genetic Pathology Joint Conference
Authors: Tashkandi Hammad , Verdoni Angela , West MaryAnn , Yatsenko Svetlana , Swerdlow Steven H , Aggarwal Nidhi
Published: January 2022

Objectives

To overcome the challenges associated with molecular and cytogenetic (MG) education in hematopathology (HP), a monthly joint HP/MG conference with specific curricular goals was established and evaluated by the participants.

Methods

All cases from the HP/MG conference over 56 months were reviewed. To assess the educational impact, a survey was distributed to current/former HP/molecular genetic pathology fellows and faculty.

Results

During the study period, a total of 252 cases covering MG testing considered important for HP fellowship training were presented. The 100 most recent cases since 2018 discussed findings of diagnostic (85%), prognostic (40%), or therapeutic (10%) importance. A broad range of technologies were discussed such as karyotyping, cytogenetic fluorescence in situ hybridization studies, microarrays, polymerase chain reaction–based tests, next-generation sequencing, and Sanger sequencing. Twenty-three (95.8%) of 24 survey respondents agreed that the conference achieved all of its goals, and all agreed it was worth implementing.

Conclusions

This educationally based HP/MG conference supplements existing rotations, didactic presentations, and consensus case conferences and enhances MG education in HP without excessive time commitment or need for extensive in-house MG testing. It also contributes to enhancing HP knowledge among the MG faculty and fellows.
What Has the Pandemic Revealed about the Shortcomings of Modern Epidemiology? What Can We Fix or Do Better?
Authors: Dimitris Michelle C , Galea Sandro , Marcus Julia L , Pan An , Sander Beate , Platt Robert W
Published: January 2022

In this commentary, we discuss themes that emerged from our symposium about what modern epidemiology as a science may learn from the COVID-19 pandemic. We reflect on the successes and limitations of this discipline from multiple perspectives, including from junior and senior epidemiologists and scientists on the front lines of generating evidence for the COVID-19 pandemic response in Wuhan, China, to Ontario, Canada. These themes include the role of the traditional scientific process in a public health emergency; epidemiologic methods and data that are critical for an effective pandemic response; the interventions that epidemiologists recommended and interventions that we may explore in the future; inequitable impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic contrasted with homogeneity in the epidemiologist workforce; effective and honest communication of uncertainty; trust and collaboration; and the extent to which these themes are currently reflected in our training programs and discipline. We look forward to insights from field epidemiologists directly involved in the ongoing response to the COVID-19 pandemic and further reflection from epidemiologists throughout our discipline.
What is the Price of Conservation? A Review of the Status Quo and Recommendations for Improving Cost Reporting
Authors: White Thomas B , Petrovan Silviu O , Christie Alec P , Martin Philip A , Sutherland William J
Published: January 2022

Wildlife conservation is severely limited by funding. Therefore, to maximize biodiversity outcomes, assessing financial costs of interventions is as important as assessing effectiveness. We reviewed the reporting of costs in studies testing the effectiveness of conservation interventions: 13.3% of the studies provided numeric costs, and 8.8% reported total costs. Even fewer studies broke down these totals into constituent costs, making it difficult to assess the relevance of costs to different contexts. Cost reporting differed between continents and the taxa or habitats targeted by interventions, with higher cost reporting in parts of the Global South. A further analysis of data focused on mammals identified that interventions related to agriculture, invasive species, transport, and residential development reported costs more frequently. We identify opportunities for conservationists to improve future practice through encouraging systematic reporting and collation of intervention costs, using economic evaluation tools, and increasing understanding and skills in finance and economics.
Now with the possibility of parole: Enabling a juvenile lifer’s meaningful review
Authors: Kokkalera Stuti S , Singer Simon I
Published: January 2022

Parole is one of the least visible decision-making processes in the criminal justice system. We consider decision statements that support or reject release as symbolic of organizational concerns beyond the candidate’s individual attributes. To draw out the symbolic, we focus on decision statements issued to 33 juvenile lifers previously ineligible for parole. We find that what is meaningful to a parole board is highly selective, and there is no generalized presumption of mitigated culpability and capacity for rehabilitation. Rather release is justified based on childhood abuse, peer dependency and a redemptive self. In contrast, denying narratives selectively highlight the seriousness of the sentencing offence by focusing on the ‘horrific,’ and the retributive requirement for more time to be served.
Efficacy and Safety of Switching to Dolutegravir/Lamivudine Versus Continuing a Tenofovir Alafenamide–Based 3- or 4-Drug Regimen for Maintenance of Virologic Suppression in Adults Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1: Results Through Week 144 From the Phase 3, Noninferiority TANGO Randomized Trial
Authors: Osiyemi Olayemi , De Wit Stéphane , Ajana Faïza , Bisshop Fiona , Portilla Joaquín , Routy Jean Pierre , Wyen Christoph , Ait-Khaled Mounir , Leone Peter , Pappa Keith A , Wang Ruolan , Wright Jonathan , George Nisha , Wynne Brian , Aboud Michael , van Wyk Jean , Smith Kimberly Y
Published: January 2022

Background

Switching to dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG/3TC) was noninferior to continuing tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)–based regimens for maintaining virologic suppression at week 48 of the TANGO study. Here we present week 144 outcomes (efficacy, safety, weight, and biomarkers).

Methods

TANGO is a randomized (1:1, stratified by baseline third agent class), open-label, noninferiority phase 3 study. Virologically suppressed (>6 months) adults with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) switched to once-daily DTG/3TC or continued TAF-based regimens.

Results

A total of 741 participants received study treatment (DTG/3TC, n = 369; TAF-based regimen, n = 372). At week 144, the proportion of participants with an HIV-1 RNA level ≥50 copies/mL (primary end point, Snapshot; intention-to-treat–exposed population) after switching to DTG/3TC was 0.3% (1 of 369) versus 1.3% (5 of 372) for those continuing TAF-based regimens, demonstrating noninferiority (adjusted treatment difference, −1.1 [95% confidence interval, −2.4 to .2), with DTG/3TC favored in the per-protocol analysis (adjusted treatment difference, −1.1 [−2.3 to −.0]; P = .04). Few participants met confirmed virologic withdrawal criteria (none in the DTG/3TC and 3 in the TAF-based regimen group), with no resistance observed. Drug-related adverse events were more frequent with DTG/3TC (15%; leading to discontinuation in 4%) than TAF-based regimens (5%; leading to discontinuation in 1%) through week 144, but rates were comparable after week 48 (4%; leading to discontinuation in 1% in both groups). Changes from baseline in lipid values generally favored DTG/3TC; no clinical impact on renal function and comparable changes in inflammatory and bone biomarkers across groups were observed.

Conclusions

Switching to DTG/3TC demonstrated noninferior and durable efficacy compared with continuing TAF-based regimens in treatment-experienced adults with HIV-1, with good safety and tolerability, and no resistance through 144 weeks.
The Digital Classroom: How to Leverage Social Media for Infectious Diseases Education
Authors: Nematollahi Saman , Minter Daniel J , Barlow Brooke , Nolan Nathanial S , Spicer Jennifer O , Wooten Darcy , Cortes-Penfield Nicolas , Barlow Ashley , Chavez Miguel A , McCarty Todd , Abdoler Emily , Escota Gerome V
Published: January 2022

Social media (SoMe) platforms have been increasingly used by infectious diseases (ID) learners and educators in recent years. This trend has only accelerated with the changes brought to our educational spaces by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Given the increasingly diverse SoMe landscape, educators may find themselves struggling with how to effectively use these tools. In this Viewpoint we describe how to use SoMe platforms (e.g., Twitter, podcasts, and open-access online content portals) in medical education, highlight medical education theories supporting their use, and discuss how educators can engage with these learning tools effectively. We focus on how these platforms harness key principles of adult learning and provide a guide for educators in the effective use of SoMe tools in educating ID learners. Finally, we suggest how to effectively interact with and leverage these increasingly important digital platforms.
Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of perioperative interventions in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: the randomized controlled I-COPE trial
Authors: Sadlonova Monika , Nagel Jonas , Becker Svenja , Neumann Sophie , Staab Julia , Meyer Thomas , Celano Christopher M , Amonoo Hermioni L , Fangauf Stella V , Herrmann-Lingen Christoph , Kutschka Ingo , Friedrich Martin
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVES

Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery are exposed to multiple treatment-related stressors, which can impact coping and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The objective of this trial was to analyse the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a multi-component intervention that combines psychological support and reduction of hospital-specific stressors on HRQoL, length of hospital and intensive care unit stay, self-efficacy, and plasma interleukin (IL)-6 and -8 levels in CABG patients.

METHODS

This three-arm, randomized controlled, single-centre pilot trial assessed the Intervention for CABG to Optimize Patient Experience in 88 patients undergoing elective CABG. Standard medical care (SMC, n = 29) was compared with 2 intervention groups: (i) psychological interventions to optimize treatment expectations (IA group, n = 30) and (ii) multi-component intervention (IB group, n = 29) with psychological interventions plus an additional treatment package (light therapy, noise reduction, music, and if desired, 360° images delivered via virtual reality).

RESULTS

The implementation of psychological interventions in routine medical treatment was feasible (91.5% of participants completed all intervention sessions). Both interventions were associated with significantly shorter hospital stay compared to SMC (IA/IB 9.8/9.3 days vs SMC 12.5 days). Self-efficacy expectations at post-surgery were significantly higher compared to SMC both in the IA group (P = 0.011) and marginally in the IB group (P = 0.051). However, there were no treatment effects of the interventions on HRQoL and plasma levels of IL-6 or IL-8 after CABG.

CONCLUSIONS

A perioperative multi-component intervention may lead to shorter hospital stay and higher self-efficacy after CABG. Further studies are needed to determine its impact on HRQoL and inflammation.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER

Ethical approval (# 21/2/18) for the study was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Göttingen Medical Center, and the trial was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00015309, https://www.drks.de/drks_web/setLocale_EN.do).
Not “The More The Merrier”: Diminishing Returns to Daily Face-To-Face Social Interaction Frequency for Well-Being in Older Age
Authors: Luo Minxia , Macdonald Birthe , Hülür Gizem
Published: January 2022

Objectives

While being socially active is beneficial for well-being in older age, it is unclear whether effects of social interactions on well-being indicate “the more the merrier” or if they have limits as individuals socialize more or less across different days. This study addressed diminishing returns to social interaction frequency for well-being.

Method

We examined data from an event-contingent experience sampling study from 116 Swiss older adults (65 to 94 years old) over 21 days. Participants reported face-to-face social interactions once they occurred and daily well-being (i.e., positive and negative affect, loneliness) in the evenings.

Results

On average, participants had 2.09 face-to-face social interactions per day. Linear and quadratic effects from multilevel models conjointly indicated that a higher number of daily social interactions was associated with higher daily positive affect and lower daily negative affect and loneliness, but that well-being reached its peak at 2–3 times above participants’ typical daily interaction frequency. Once these numbers were surpassed, the benefit of additional social interactions diminished. Additionally, participants who typically had fewer social interactions, were unmarried, lived alone, and had more health conditions showed stronger associations between daily social interaction frequency and well-being.

Discussion

Our findings suggest the benefits of social interactions on well-being exhibit diminishing returns. Social interactions may play a bigger role in older adults with less satiation for desire to belong and a limited future time perspective. We discuss these findings in terms of the belongingness hypothesis and the socioemotional selectivity theory.
IgG Against Human Betacoronavirus Spike Proteins Correlates With SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Spike IgG Responses and COVID-19 Disease Severity
Authors: Wang Jiong , Li Dongmei , Cameron Andrew , Zhou Qian , Wiltse Alexander , Nayak Jennifer , Pecora Nicole D , Zand Martin S
Published: January 2022

Background

A protective antibody response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is crucial to decrease morbidity and mortality from severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease. The effects of preexisting anti-human coronavirus (HCoV) antibodies on the SARS-CoV-2–specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses and severity of disease are currently unclear.

Methods

We profiled anti-spike (S), S1, S2, and receptor-binding domain IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and 6 HCoVs using a multiplex assay (mPLEX-CoV) with serum samples from SARS-CoV-2 infected (n = 155) and pre–COVID-19 (n = 188) cohorts.

Results

COVID-19 subjects showed significantly increased anti-S SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels that were highly correlated with IgG antibodies against OC43 and HKU1 S proteins. However, OC43 and HKU1 anti-S antibodies in pre–COVID-19 era sera did not cross-react with SARS-CoV-2. Unidirectional cross-reactive antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection were distinct from the bidirectional cross-reactive antibodies recognizing homologous strains RaTG13 and SARS-CoV-1. High anti-OC43 and anti-S2 antibody levels were associated with both a rapid anti–SARS-CoV-2 antibody response and increased disease severity. Subjects with increased sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores developed a higher ratio of S2- to S1-reactive antibodies.

Conclusions

Early and rapid emergence of OC43 S- and S2-reactive IgG after SARS-CoV-2 infection correlates with COVID-19 disease severity.
Comparative polymyxin B pharmacokinetics in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Surovoy Yury A. , Burkin Maksim A. , Galvidis Inna A. , Bochkov Pavel O. , Oganesyan Armen V. , Tsarenko Sergei V.
Published: January 2022

Objectives

To describe polymyxin B pharmacokinetics in patients receiving veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in comparison with critically ill patients without ECMO support and to explore potential covariates that could affect the pharmacokinetics in this group of patients.

Patients and methods

In 13 critically ill patients on ECMO and in 21 critically ill patients without ECMO support, 6–8 blood samples were collected during 12 h intervals after reaching steady state. Polymyxin B concentration in serum was determined using a previously developed ELISA. Protein binding was assessed by rapid equilibrium dialysis.

Results

In 13 critically ill patients on ECMO who received polymyxin B, the median area under the concentration–time curve over 12 h (AUC0–12h) was 48.38 mg/h/L for the total drug and 14.08 mg/h/L for the free drug. The unbound fraction was 0.35. Total body clearance was 1.16 L/h. In non-ECMO patients, the median AUC0–12h was 34.7 mg/h/L and the median CL was 1.76 L/h. The volume of distribution was significantly lower in ECMO patients (19.7 versus 30.4 L, respectively). We found a moderate negative correlation between the ECMO blood flow rate and AUC0–12h, a strong negative correlation between SOFA score and polymyxin B clearance and a moderate correlation between polymyxin B clearance and renal function in ECMO patients.

Conclusions

Currently recommended polymyxin B dosage regimens are sufficient for patients receiving ECMO and no dosage increase is required. In our study, polymyxin B exposure was higher in ECMO patients compared with the control group.