bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance evaluation of multi-satellite rainfall products in the Gidabo catchment, Rift Valley Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Gebretsadkan Kehase Neway , Tamrie Melsew Berihun , Desta Haile Belay
Published: August 2023

Satellite rainfalls are good options to overcome shorter records, record challenges and inconsistencies with rain-gauges. However, satellites' rainfall retrieval algorithms are region-time scale specific; hence, the key concern is selection of appropriate satellite products. Accordingly, this study evaluates the performance of five high-resolution satellites' rainfall using multiple-metrics at daily and monthly scales. The result showed that Climate Prediction Center (CPC) Morphing Algorithm (CMORPH.CPC) performed better by scoring: qualitatively; Critical Success Index (CSI = 0.856), Probability of Detection (POD = 0.911), Frequency Bias Index (FBI = 0.974), and quantitatively; correlation coefficient (CC = 0.375), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE ≈ 575), and Volumetric Critical Success Index (VCSI = 0.958) at a daily scale. At a monthly scale, Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS.v2) performed better by scoring CSI = 0.983, POD = 1 and FBI = 0.975 qualitatively, and quantitatively, CC = 0.836 with strong VCSI = 0.981 and better RMSE (≈125) than daily. These satellites' daily rainfall needs value-improving techniques before using in place of Gidabo's rain-gauge rainfall, while at monthly scale CHIRPS.v2's rainfall can be an alternative source of rainfall data. Finally, it ensured that for Gidabo catchment, the performance of satellite rainfall was more effective at monthly than daily scale.
Climate stress impacts on the reservoir inflows: a decision-scaling and IHACRES modeling approach in South Korean basins
Authors: Kim Taehyeong , Kang Boosik
Published: August 2023

This study employed the Decision-Scaling (DS) approach and the IHACRES (Identification of unit Hydrographs And Component flows from Rainfall) long-term runoff model to investigate the impact of composite changes in rainfall and temperature on dam inflows at Chungju dam, Yongdam dam, Hapcheon dam, and Seomjingang dam basins. By analyzing flow regimes, rainfall scenarios, and temperature scenarios, the study revealed crucial insights into dam inflow and its response to climate stressors. The findings demonstrated that the rate of inflow increase in the study basins exceeded the rate of rainfall increase, indicating the significance of basin storage effects in contributing to runoff generation. The analysis of rainfall changes by quantile highlighted the dominant influence of the upper-high (UH) rainfall quantile, which led to higher flood inflow compared to other quantiles. Furthermore, scenarios with different rainfall patterns were compared, showcasing the predominant impact of UH quartile rainfall on the total inflow variation. The study also analyzed the runoff ratio, finding that changes in precipitation proportionally affected the runoff ratio. Overall, these insights contribute to understanding the sensitivity of dams to changes in rainfall and temperature, facilitating the development of strategies for sustainable water supply and flood management in dam systems.
Investigating the influences of climate change on drought in a small data-scarce river catchment
Authors: Wambura Frank Joseph
Published: August 2023

This study focuses on the influences of climate change on drought characteristics in the small, data-scarce Ndembera River catchment in Tanzania, using the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) datasets and six regional climate models (RCMs) of the CORDEX-Africa framework. The RCM simulations were validated against the CRU data, and their optimistic (RCP 2.6) and worst-case (RCP 8.5) scenarios were used in estimating ensemble simulations using the random forest regression. The ensemble simulations were used to compute standardized precipitation evapotranspiration indices, which characterized drought for the near-future, mid-future, and far-future. Finally, patterns and trends of changes in temperature and precipitation were compared to those in drought characteristics. The findings revealed substantial uncertainty in RCMs, although their ensembles fairly reproduced the historical climate in the catchment. Under the optimistic scenario, a slight decrease in precipitation and a small increase in maximum temperature are projected. Consequently, drought intensity is projected to rise just slightly but remain moderate throughout this century. These changes are expected to be more pronounced during the mid-future than the far-future. Under the worst-case scenario, the projected changes are expected to be more pronounced, especially during the end of the century. These sorts of insights are vital for enhancing adaptations to climate change in catchments.
Exogenous Apelin-13 Administration Ameliorates Cyclophosphamide-
Induced Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Rat Lungs
Authors: Keskin-Aktan Arzu , Kutlay Özden
Published: August 2023

Background:

Apelin-13 is an endogenous adipocytokine known for its antioxidant, antiinflammatory,
and antiapoptotic properties.

Objective:

We aimed to investigate the possible protective effects of exogenous Apelin-13
administration on oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis induced by the cytotoxic agent
cyclophosphamide (CP) in the lungs.

Methods:

Twenty-four male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: Control (saline), CP
(200 mg/kg), Apelin-13 (10 μg/kg/day), and CP+Apelin-13. CP was administered as a single dose on
the fifth day, and apelin-13 was administered intraperitoneally for five days. Total oxidant status
(TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and lipid peroxidation were determined with spectrophotometry,
TNFα and IL1β were determined with ELISA, APJ, Sirt1, NF-κB, and p53 mRNA expressions were
determined with qRT-PCR, cytochrome (Cyt) C and caspase-3 protein expressions were studied with
western blotting in lung tissues. The oxidative stress index (OSI) was also calculated. Furthermore,
serum surfactant protein-D (SP-D) and Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) levels were measured with
ELISA.

Results:

Compared to the control group, TOS, OSI, lipid peroxidation, TNFα, IL1β, cyt C, caspase-3,
APJ, NF-κB, and p53 were higher, and Sirt1 was lower in the lung tissue of rats in the CP group.
Serum KL-6 and SP-D levels were higher in the CP group. Co-administration of CP with Apelin-13
completely reversed the changes induced by CP administration.

Conclusion:

Exogenous Apelin-13 treatment protected lung tissue against injury by inhibiting
cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. This protective effect of
apelin-13 was accompanied by upregulation of the Sirt1 and downregulation of NF-κB/p53 in the
lungs.
Thiolated Polymeric Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications: A Review
Authors: Younas Farhan , Zaman Muhammad , Aman Waqar , Farooq Umer , Raja Maria Abdul Ghafoor , Amjad Muhammad Wahab
Published: August 2023

Hydrogels are a three-dimensional (3D) network of hydrophilic polymers. The physical and chemical
crosslinking of polymeric chains maintains the structure of the hydrogels even when they are swollen in water.
They can be modified with thiol by thiol epoxy, thiol-ene, thiol-disulfide, or thiol-one reactions. Their application
as a matrix for protein and drug delivery, cellular immobilization, regenerative medicine, and scaffolds for
tissue engineering was initiated in the early 21st century. This review focuses on the ingredients, classification
techniques, and applications of hydrogels, types of thiolation by different thiol-reducing agents, along with their
mechanisms. In this study, different applications for polymers used in thiolated hydrogels, including dextran,
gelatin, polyethylene glycol (PEG), cyclodextrins, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, alginate, poloxamer, polygalacturonic
acid, pectin, carrageenan gum, arabinoxylan, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), gellan gum, and polyvinyl
alcohol (PVA) are reviewed.
Traditional Uses, Phytochemical Constituents and Ethnopharmacological Properties of Mistletoe from Phoradendron and Viscum Species
Authors: Montoya-Inzunza Luis Aurelio , Heredia J. Basilio , Patra Jayanta Kumar , Gouda Sushanto , Kerry Rout George , Das Gitishree , Gutierrez-Grijalva Erick Paul
Published: August 2023

Plants from the genus Phoradendron and Viscum, also known as American and European mistletoe, are a group of hemiparasitic plants traditionally used to treat many diseases. Mistletoes have a rich content of natural compounds like terpenes, alkaloids, proteins, and phenolic compounds associated with their potential medicinal properties. In this sense, mistletoes have shown antiproliferative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activity, which has been attributed to their phytochemical constituents. The mechanisms in which mistletoe plants act vary and depend on their phytochemical content and distribution, which in part will depend on the mistletoe species. In this sense, recent literature research is needed to visualize state of the art in the ethnopharmacological potential of mistletoe. Thus, this literature review aims to systematically report recent studies (2010-2023) on the phytochemical characterization and bioactive studies of mistletoe plants, mainly the Viscum and Phoradendron genera. We gather recent information of 140 references selected in our research. Here we report that although there are several bioactivity studies of mistletoe species, bioavailability studies are still scarce, and the precise mechanisms of action are not fully known. We encourage that further studies include a systematic strategy to cover these areas of opportunity.
Nano-platform Strategies of Herbal Components for the Management of
Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Review on the Battle for Next-Generation
Formulations
Authors: Prabha Jyoti , Kumar Mohit , Kumar Devesh , Chopra Shruti , Bhatia Amit
Published: August 2023

Introduction:

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that
initially affects small joints and then spreads to the bigger joints. It also affects other organs of the body
such as lungs, eyes, kidneys, heart, and skin. In RA, there is destruction of cartilage and joints, and
ligaments and tendons become brittle. Damage to the joints leads to abnormalities and bone degradation,
which may be quite painful for the patient.

Method:

The nano-carriers such as liposomes, phytosomes, nanoparticles, microcapsules, and niosomes
are developed to deliver the encapsulated phytoconstituents to targeted sites for the better management
of RA.

Results:

The phytoconstituents loaded nano-carriers have been used in order to increase bioavailability,
stability and reduce the dose of an active compound. In one study, the curcumin-loaded phytosomes
increase the bioavailability of curcumin and also provides relief from RA symptoms. The drug-loaded
nano-carriers are the better option for the management of RA.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, there are many anti-arthritic herbal and synthetic medicine available in the
market that are currently used in the treatment of RA. However, chronic use of these medications may
result in a variety of side effects. Because therapy for RA is frequently necessary for the rest of ones
life. The use of natural products may be a better option for RA management. These phytoconstituents,
however, have several disadvantages, including limited bioavailability, low stability, and the need for a
greater dosage. These problems can be rectified by using nano-technology.
Modified Risk of Paradoxical Embolism More Effectively Evaluates the
Risk of Stroke Associated with Patent Foramen Ovale
Authors: Wang Yun , Zhao Tun , Ma Yajun , Hu Wenli
Published: August 2023

Background:

Through an analysis of the risk factors associated with patent foramen
ovale (PFO)-related stroke (PS), we aimed to modify the Risk of Paradoxical Embolism (RoPE) to
assess the risk of PS.

Methods:

A retrospective collection of ischemic stroke (IS) patients with PFO admitted to the Department
of Neurology at Beijing Chaoyang Hospital was conducted. The patients were classified
into PS and non-PS groups. PS risk factors and RoPE scoring were analyzed based on clinical data,
laboratory indicators, and imaging data. Independent risk factors were incorporated into the RoPE
scoring system for enhancement.

Results:

Significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding total cholesterol,
low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and uric acid levels. The transverse diameter of the
left atrium was significantly larger in the non-PS group compared to the PS group. Multivariate
logistic regression revealed that higher LDL-C levels and a smaller transverse diameter of the left
atrium increased the risk of PS. The modified RoPE score was derived by assigning 1 point each
for high LDL-C levels and the absence of transverse diameter enlargement in the left atrium. The
area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the classical
and modified RoPE score distinguishing PS were 0.661 and 0.798, respectively.

Conclusion:

LDL-C levels and transverse diameter of the left atrium were identified as independent
risk factors for PS. The modified RoPE scoring system exhibited superior performance in assessing
the risk of PS compared to the original RoPE score.
Pathomechanistic Networks of Motor System Injury in Amyotrophic
Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Dey Bedaballi , Kumar Arvind , Patel Anant Bahadur
Published: August 2023

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is the most common, adult-onset, progressive motor
neurodegenerative disorder that results in death within 3 years of the clinical diagnosis. Due to the
clinicopathological heterogeneity, any reliable biomarkers for diagnosis or prognosis of ALS have not
been identified till date. Moreover, the only three clinically approved treatments are not uniformly effective
in slowing the disease progression. Over the last 15 years, there has been a rapid advancement
in research on the complex pathomechanistic landscape of ALS that has opened up new avenues for
successful clinical translation of targeted therapeutics. Multiple studies suggest that the age-dependent
interaction of risk-associated genes with environmental factors and endogenous modifiers is critical to
the multi-step process of ALS pathogenesis. In this review, we provide an updated discussion on the
dysregulated cross-talk between intracellular homeostasis processes, the unique molecular networks
across selectively vulnerable cell types, and the multisystemic nature of ALS pathomechanisms. Importantly,
this work highlights the alteration in epigenetic and epitranscriptomic landscape due to
gene-environment interactions, which have been largely overlooked in the context of ALS pathology.
Finally, we suggest that precision medicine research in ALS will be largely benefitted from the stratification
of patient groups based on the clinical phenotype, onset and progression, genome, exposome,
and metabolic identities.
Contemporary Considerations in the Evolution of Wearable Technology
for Arrhythmia Detection
Authors: Joseph Tobin , Barrie Mahmoud , Karimi Akbar , Haque Sharmi , Ogunmwonyi Innocent , Ojha Utkarsh
Published: August 2023

Arrhythmias are an increasingly common cause of hospital admissions worldwide.
Late detection of arrhythmias is associated with a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular
complications. Early identification and management of life-threatening arrhythmias is paramount
to reduce mortality. Wearable technologies are now widespread among the general population,
providing a continuous output of healthcare data. However, this data are not routinely integrated
into clinical practice. Here, we begin by outlining the current landscape in wearable
technology for aiding arrhythmia detection; we then consider the clinical impact of wearable
technology for both clinicians and patients; we further highlight the latest and emerging trials in
wearable technology for arrhythmia detection and finally postulate the wider implications of the
expansion of such cardiac devices.
A Computational Approach for Designing and Validating Small Interfering
RNA against SARS-CoV-2 Variants
Authors: Dhotre Kishore , Dass Debashree , Banerjee Anwesha , Nema Vijay , Mukherjee Anupam
Published: August 2023

Aims:

The aim of this study is to develop a novel antiviral strategy capable of efficiently
targeting a broad set of SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Background:

Since the first emergence of SARS-CoV-2, it has rapidly transformed into a global
pandemic, posing an unprecedented threat to public health. SARS-CoV-2 is prone to mutation and
continues to evolve, leading to the emergence of new variants capable of escaping immune protection
achieved due to previous SARS-CoV-2 infections or by vaccination.

Objective:

RNA interference (RNAi) is a remarkable biological mechanism that can induce gene
silencing by targeting complementary mRNA and inhibiting its translation.

Method:

In this study, using the computational approach, we predicted the most efficient siRNA
capable of inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoCs).

Result:

The presented siRNA was characterized and evaluated for its thermodynamic properties,
offsite-target hits, and in silico validation by molecular docking and molecular dynamics
simulations (MD) with Human AGO2 protein

Conclusion:

The study contributes to the possibility of designing and developing an effective response
strategy against existing variants of concerns and preventing further.
Genetic Algorithm-based Machine Learning Approach for Epileptic Seizure Identification and Classification
Authors: Thanuja K. , M. Shoba , Patil Kirankumari
Published: August 2023

Background:

Epileptic Seizure (ES) is a neural disorder that generates an uncontrolled brain signal impulse. The disorder is seen in young children and adults with a positive medical history.

Method:

In this paper, a novel approach to epileptic seizure detection and prediction is proposed and evaluated. The seizure is retrained from Electroencephalography (EEG) high-dimension datasets. The EEG datasets further segment features of interdependent EEG into a matrix. This matrix is linked to providing a validation occurrence of similar feature events with a minimum redundancy maximum relevance (MRMR) approach for ES feature optimization.

Result & Discussion:

The uncertainty-based genetic algorithm for parametric evaluation and validation (GAPEr) is used for predictive analysis and decision support via a dedicated neural networking model. The sizer detection and prediction are supported and validated via a series of interactions from trained datasets.

Conclusion:

The proposed setup has achieved higher accuracy and dependency in decision support of Epileptic Seizure identification and classification based on predictive evaluation.
Examining the Effects of Exteroceptive Sensors of Autonomous Vehicles
(AV) on CAN Bus
Authors: Ali Zeina , Ali Qutaiba I.
Published: August 2023

Background:

Exteroceptive sensors on an autonomous vehicle require a high-performance
communication bus. The number of exteroceptive sensors keeps rising, and the CAN bus, the most
common intra-network bus in vehicles, cannot keep up.

Objective:

This paper investigates the effect of Exteroceptive Sensors of Autonomous Vehicles on the
CAN and CAN FD buses. Four types of sensors (4 cameras, 6 radars, 1 LiDAR, and 1 INS) have been
introduced to create five different scenarios in two different test environments.

Methods:

The simulation used a highly effective environment to obtain accurate measurements and
results.

Results and Conclusion:

The results showed that the LiDAR sensor has huge data and requires a highefficiency
bus; the CAN bus could not handle it, and the rest of the sensors can transfer their data
through the traditional CAN bus.
Derivatives of Sri Lankan Vein Graphite: Atomic Scale Study of Graphene
Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide
Authors: Dahanayake Damayanthi , Yashomala Hansani , Sandaruwan Chanaka , Ally Haneen Packeer , Gunasekara Sunanda , Karunarathne Veranja , Amaratunga Gehan A. J.
Published: August 2023

Aims:

The present study examines the atomic-scale structures of Graphene Oxide (GO) and Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO).

Background:

Electron microscopic studies on Sri Lankan vein graphite are considerably less; hence, this study focuses on the atomic-scale study of Sri Lankan vein graphite, using advanced electron microscopic techniques.

Objective:

The purpose of this research is to utilize the data obtained to explore the multidisciplinary characteristics of graphene to the maximum prospectively.

Method:

We report an atomic-scale study on Sri Lankan vein graphite (purest) derivatives using advanced electron microscopic techniques, including High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM), Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM), and Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS). The present study examines the atomic-scale structures of Graphene Oxide (GO) and Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO).

Result:

The results obtained exhibited an inter-atomic layer distance of 3.54 Å for RGO. The EELS study performed with the electron dose optimization for GO and RGO distinguished the differences in the C K edge with the oxygen functionalities. The XPS study confirmed the changes in oxygen functionalities obtained with EELS.

Conclusion:

The advanced electron microscopic techniques and other molecular spectroscopic analysis techniques allowed us to obtain a comprehensive study on Sri Lankan vein graphene-based structural and chemical features on an atomic scale.
Anti-arthritic and Antioxidant Effects of Trehalose in an Experimental Model of Arthritis
Authors: Forouzanfar Fatemeh , Vakilzadeh Mohammad Moein , Mehri Ali , Pourbagher-Shahri Ali Mohammad , Ganjali Shiva , Abbasifard Mitra , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: August 2023

Background:

The purpose of the present study was to study the potential anti-arthritic
and antioxidant effects of trehalose in an experimental model of complete Freund’s adjuvant
(CFA)-induced arthritis.

Methods:

Arthritis was induced via subcutaneous injection of CFA (0.1) into the right footpad of
each rat. Trehalose (10 mg/kg per day) and indomethacin (5 mg/kg) as a reference drug were intraperitoneally
injected into CFA-induced arthritic rats from days 0 to 21. Changes in paw volume,
pain responses, arthritic score, and oxidative/antioxidative parameters were determined.

Results:

Trehalose administration could significantly decrease arthritis scores (p <0.01) and paw
edema (p <0.001), and significantly increase the nociceptive threshold (p <0.05) in CFA-induced
arthritic rats. Trehalose also significantly reduced the pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance values when
compared to CFA treatment alone. In addition, no significant difference was found between the
trehalose group and indomethacin as a positive control group.

Conclusion:

The current study suggests that trehalose has a protective effect against arthritis,
which may be mediated by antioxidative effects of this disaccharide.
Оптическое возбуждение спин-триплетных состояний двухэлектронных доноров в кремнии
Authors: Цыпленков В.В. , Жукавин Р.Х. , Шастин В.Н.
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we propose a method for resonant
optical excitation of ortho states of two-electron donors in silicon,
direct transitions to which from the ground state are extremely
suppressed in case of a weak spin-orbit coupling. Excitation is
proposed to be carried out using the points of anti-crossing of ortho
and para states under conditions of uniaxial stress of the crystal. In
these points the states cannot be unambiguously assigned to any
group of states with a certain spin, as a result of which the optical
transition becomes allowed. The structure of the energy levels
of two-electron impurities is such that the excitation of such state
almost unambiguously leads to the population of the underlying
ortho-type state, which is expected to be very long-lived in the
case of weak spin-orbit coupling. In the present work, theoretical
estimates of the cross sections for optical transitions in the vicinity
of the level anticrossing point as a function of strain for strong and
weak spin-orbit coupling are made.
Структура и особенности автомодуляции сверхизлучательных состояний в асимметричном резонаторе Фабри-Перо
Authors: Кочаровская Е.Р. , Кочаровский Вл.В.
Published: August 2023

The dependence of the structure and stability of strongly asymmetric stationary states of a superradiant laser with a slightly asymmetric low-Q Fabry-Perot cavity on its length, reflection factors of mirrors, and pumping level is studied. The states are related to a self-consistent inhomogeneous half-wavelength population inversion grating. The possibility of the existence of two dynamic phase transitions from a stationary (monochromatic) state of this type to a nonstationary one is established: 1) a dissipative superradiant transition to a regime with a quasi-continuous lasing spectrum (in a weakly asymmetric cavity) and 2) a self-modulation transition to a regime with a discrete lasing spectrum. It is shown that the latter can be caused by excitation of both polariton and electromagnetic laser modes due to resonant Rabi oscillations of active centers with a sufficiently long phase relaxation time.
Large-Scale Biomedical Relation Extraction Across Diverse Relation Types: Model Development and Usability Study on COVID-19
Authors: Zhang Zeyu , Fang Meng , Wu Rebecca , Zong Hui , Huang Honglian , Tong Yuantao , Xie Yujia , Cheng Shiyang , Wei Ziyi , Crabbe M James C , Zhang Xiaoyan , Wang Ying
Published: August 2023

Background

Biomedical relation extraction (RE) is of great importance for researchers to conduct systematic biomedical studies. It not only helps knowledge mining, such as knowledge graphs and novel knowledge discovery, but also promotes translational applications, such as clinical diagnosis, decision-making, and precision medicine. However, the relations between biomedical entities are complex and diverse, and comprehensive biomedical RE is not yet well established.

Objective

We aimed to investigate and improve large-scale RE with diverse relation types and conduct usability studies with application scenarios to optimize biomedical text mining.

Methods

Data sets containing 125 relation types with different entity semantic levels were constructed to evaluate the impact of entity semantic information on RE, and performance analysis was conducted on different model architectures and domain models. This study also proposed a continued pretraining strategy and integrated models with scripts into a tool. Furthermore, this study applied RE to the COVID-19 corpus with article topics and application scenarios of clinical interest to assess and demonstrate its biological interpretability and usability.

Results

The performance analysis revealed that RE achieves the best performance when the detailed semantic type is provided. For a single model, PubMedBERT with continued pretraining performed the best, with an F1-score of 0.8998. Usability studies on COVID-19 demonstrated the interpretability and usability of RE, and a relation graph database was constructed, which was used to reveal existing and novel drug paths with edge explanations. The models (including pretrained and fine-tuned models), integrated tool (Docker), and generated data (including the COVID-19 relation graph database and drug paths) have been made publicly available to the biomedical text mining community and clinical researchers.

Conclusions

This study provided a comprehensive analysis of RE with diverse relation types. Optimized RE models and tools for diverse relation types were developed, which can be widely used in biomedical text mining. Our usability studies provided a proof-of-concept demonstration of how large-scale RE can be leveraged to facilitate novel research.
Shaping the Future of Older Adult Care: ChatGPT, Advanced AI, and the Transformation of Clinical Practice
Authors: Fear Kathleen , Gleber Conrad
Published: August 2023

As the older adult population in the United States grows, new approaches to managing and streamlining clinical work are needed to accommodate their increased demand for health care. Deep learning and generative artificial intelligence (AI) have the potential to transform how care is delivered and how clinicians practice in geriatrics. In this editorial, we explore the opportunities and limitations of these technologies.
Evaluating the Quality of Cancer-Related WeChat Public Accounts: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Pan Peng , Yu Changhua , Li Tao , Dai Tingting , Tian Hanhan , Xiong Yaozu , Lv Jie , Hu Xiaochu , Ma Weidong , Yin Wenda
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

WeChat (Tencent) is one of the most important information sources for Chinese people. Relevantly, various health-related data are constantly transmitted among WeChat users. WeChat public accounts (WPAs) for health are rapidly emerging. Health-related WeChat public accounts have a significant impact on public health. Because of the rise in web-based health-seeking behavior, the general public has grown accustomed to obtaining cancer information from WPAs. Although WPAs make it easy for people to obtain health information, the quality of the information is questionable.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to assess the quality and suitability of cancer-related WeChat public accounts (CWPAs).

METHODS

The survey was conducted from February 1 to 28, 2023. Based on the WPA monthly list provided by Qingbo Big Data, 28 CWPAs in the WeChat communication index were selected as the survey sample. Quality assessment of the included CWPAs was performed using the HONcode instrument. Furthermore, suitability was measured by using the Suitability Assessment of Materials. A total of 2 researchers conducted the evaluations independently.

RESULTS

Of the 28 CWPAs, 12 (43%) were academic and 16 (57%) were commercial. No statistical difference was found regarding the HONcode scores between the 2 groups (P=.96). The quality of the academic and commercial CWPAs evaluated using the HONcode instrument demonstrated mean scores of 5.58 (SD 2.02) and 5.63 (SD 2.16), respectively, corresponding to a moderate class. All CWPAs’ compliance with the HONcode principles was unsatisfactory. A statistically significant difference between the 2 groups was observed in the Suitability Assessment of Materials scores (P=.04). The commercial WPAs reached an overall 55.1% (SD 5.5%) score versus the 50.2% (SD 6.4%) score reached by academic WPAs. The suitability of academic and commercial CWPAs was considered adequate.

CONCLUSIONS

This study revealed that CWPAs are not sufficiently credible. WPA owners must endeavor to create reliable health websites using approved tools such as the HONcode criteria. However, it is necessary to educate the public about the evaluation tools of health websites to assess their credibility before using the provided content. In addition, improving readability will allow the public to read and understand the content.
PERKEMBANGAN PRINSIP STRICT LIABILITY DAN PRECAUTIONARY DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DI PENGADILAN
Authors: Imamulhadi Mr.
Published: August 2023

The verdict of Bandung State Court No 49/Pdt.G/2003/PN.BDG about the application for compensation claim case of Dedi et.al, September 4, 2003 on the landslide of Mount Mandalawangi Kadungora Subdistrict Garut District, implemented the principle of strict liability and precautionary. The implementation of strict liability and precautionary principles has contradicted the laws, but has fulfilled the need of just in general. The judge’s verdict has given enlightenment to other judges on the duties of a judge in finding justice, and has offered a new understanding on the sources of law. Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Bandung Nomor 49/Pdt.G/2003/PN.BDG perihal Permohonan Gugatan Ganti Rugi perkara Dedi dkk, 4 September 2003 mengenai peristiwa longsor Gunung Mandalawangi Kecamatan Kadungora Kabupaten Garut, mengimplementasikan prinsip strict liability dan precautionaryprinciple. Implementasi prinsip strict liability dan precautionary telah bertentangan dengan Undang-Undang, namun berhasil memenuhi rasa keadilan secara umum. Putusan hakim telah memberikan pelajaran bagi hakim-hakim lainnya mengenai tugas hakim dalam menemukan keadilan, dan memberikanpemahaman baru mengenai sumber-sumber hukum.
PENGATURAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA SETELAH PENERAPAN OTONOMI LUAS
Authors: Yuniza Mailinda Eka
Published: August 2023

The Regional Autonomy Act 1999 started to give local government authority to regulate onhealth. This to be observed such as the implementation over local government’s authority toregulate over health’s issue and it’s positive implications as the result. This research shows thatimplementation of Yogyakarta City government’s  authority to regulate over health’s area have gone well since many healthcare’s policies had been produced in accordance to society’s needs and capabilities. Moreover, those regulations has significantly improved the healthcare’s quality becausethe numbers of licensed health facilities and paramedics increased. Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 1999 memberikan kewenangan mengatur tentang kesehatan kepadapemerintah daerah sehingga menimbulkan dua hal yang perlu diteliti, yakni tentang pelaksanaan kewenangan mengatur pemerintah di bidang kesehatan dan implikasi positif dari peraturan yang dikeluarkan tersebut khususnya di Kota Yogyakarta. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa: Pertama,pelaksanaan wewenang mengatur Pemerintah Kota Yogyakarta telah berjalan baik dengan dibentuknya kebijakan-kebijakan di bidang pelayanan kesehatan sesuai kebutuhan dan kemampuan daerah. Kedua, pengaturan mengenai pelayanan kesehatan di Kota Yogyakarta memiliki dampak signifikan bagipeningkatan pelayanan kesehatan, yang ditunjukan dengan peningkatan jumlah sarana dan tenaga kesehatan berizin pasca dikeluarkannya Peraturan Daerah oleh Dinas Kesehatan Kota Yogyakarta.
MELINDUNGI KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI DALAM KERANGKA PROTOKOL NAGOYA
Authors: Yulia Mrs. , Zainol Zinatul Ashiqin
Published: August 2023

The Nagoya Protocol is instrumental in the implementation of access and benefit sharing (ABS) in countries with biodiversity. There are however, weaknesses in the implementation of ABS, this includes the wide geographical spread of biodiversity and the difficulty in determining the benefitting owner of a certain area. Indonesia as a country blessed with biodiversity, has ratified the Nagoya Protocol through Act No. 11 of 2013, prepared amendment draft for the Patent Act and has further  prepared Draft Act on Genetic Resources. In the implementation of the Nagoya Protocal and ABS, Indonesia could refer to India’s experience in applying ABS and adapt such to accord itself with the Indonesian people’s background. Protokol Nagoya menjadi sarana dalam pelaksanaan access and benefit sharing (ABS) bagi negara-negara penyedia keanekaragaman hayati. Di dalam penerapan ABS terdapat kelemahan-kelemahan seperti tersebarnya keanekaragaman hayati dalam geografis yang luas dan sukarnya menentukan pemilik sebagai penerima keuntungan. Indonesia sebagai negara mega keanekaragaman hayati, telahmeratifikasi Protokol Nagoya melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2013, menyiapkan drafamandemen Undang-Undang Paten dan menyiapkan Rancangan Undang-Undang Sumber Daya Genetik. Dalam penerapan Protokol Nagoya dan ABS tersebut, Indonesia dapat mengacu dari pengalamanIndia dalam menerapkan ABS dengan menyesuaikan dengan latar belakang masyarakat Indonesia.
ANTI-TERRORISM LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN INDONESIA: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Santoso Topo
Published: August 2023

Indonesia is a nation that has been subject to many of high profile terrorist cases. In relation to this, Indonesia’s legal framework on anti-terrorism contains provisions that have been generally practiced by other countries. After the 2002 Bali Bombing, the Indonesian government issued Government Regulation in Lieu of Law (Perpu) No. 1/2002 on Anti-terrorism and Perpu No. 2/2002 (which made the Perpu No.1/2002 retroactively applicable to the Bali bombings). The parliament adopted both in early 2003 in the form of Law No. 15/2003 and Law No. 16/2003. The Constitutional Court decided that Law No. 16/2003 was in-constitutional, because it was against principle of non-retroactivity stipulated under Article 28I of the 1945 Constitution. Indonesia adalah korban dari beberapa serangan teroris bersakal besar. Terkait terorisme ini, kerangka hukum anti-terorisme telah memuat ketentuan-ketentuan yang secara umum juga diterima oleh berbagai negara. Pasca Bom Bali tahun 2002, lahirlah Peraturan Pengganti Undang-Undang (Perpu) No. 1/2002 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Terorisme dan Perpu No. 2/2002 yang memberlakukan surut Perpu 1/2002 untuk peristiwa Bom Bali. Dua Perpu itu kemudian diterima menjadi Undang-Undang (UU) oleh Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) dalam bentuk UU No. 15/2003 dan UU 15/2003. Mahkamah Konstitusi memutuskan bahwa ketentuan pemberlakuan surut itu bertentangan dengan asas non-retroaktif yang tercantum dalam Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 khususnya Pasal 28I.
LEMBAGA DAN FUNGSI PENGAWASAN PERBANKAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Sulistyandari Mrs.
Published: August 2023

Currently banking supervision in Indonesia is still considered weak. One of the causes that lead to the weak supervision in the banking sector is closely related with the institution and the function of banking supervision itself. This article discusses the present and future state of the institution and the function of banking supervision. This article concludes that Bank Indonesia in its function of banking supervision is not fully independent, whereas there is no conflict of interest among its functions. Moreover, in the future, the Financial Services Authority (FSA) will become the institution taking over this function of banking supervision, even though the reason behind the formation of FSA in banking supervision is still weak. Pengawasan perbankan di Indonesia pada saat ini masih dinilai lemah. Salah satu penyebab lemahnya pengawasan perbankan berkaitan erat dengan lembaga dan fungsi pengawasan perbankan itu sendiri. Tulisan ini membahas tentang lembaga dan fungsi pengawasan perbankan di Indonesia kini dan ke depan. Dalam pembahasan tulisan ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa Bank Indonesia dalam fungsi pengawasan perbankan kurang independen, padahal dalam fungsi pengaturan dan pengawasan perbankan Bank Indonesia tidak ada conflict of interest. Selain itu di masa yang akan datang lembaga pengawas perbankan Indonesia adalah LPJK/OJK, walaupun alasan LPJK/OJK sebagai fungsi pengawasan perbankan sangat lemah.
EKSISTENSI HAK PENGELOLAAN DALAM HUKUM TANAH NASIONAL
Authors: Santoso Urip
Published: August 2023

This article discusses whether the right of management can be categorized as the state control over land or as land rights. The Basic Agrarian Law is silent on right of management, but rather implicitly mentions it as mere ‘management’. Right of management originates from the right of state control over land. At first, right of management was conceived as the result of the conversion of the right of state control over land. In later development, right of management is sought through the granting of right of state control over land. Rights of management can be classified as land rights, where the holder is only entitled to use the land but cannot transfer the rights and cannot be made as a collateral. Tulisan ini akan menjelaskan apakah hak pengelolaan merupakan hak menguasai negara atas tanah ataukah hak atas tanah. Hak pengelolaan tidak disebutkan dalam Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria, tetapi disebutkan pengelolaan. Hak pengelolaan berasal dari hak penguasaan atas tanah negara. Semula hak pengelolaan terjadi melalui penegasan konversi dari hak penguasaan atas tanah negara. Dalam perkembangannya, hak pengelolaan terjadi melalui permohonan pemberian hak atas tanah negara. Berdasarkan sifat dan kewenangannya, hak pengelolaan dapat dikategorikan sebagai hak atas tanah, yang haknya hanya mempergunakan tanah, tidak dapat dialihkan, dan tidak dapat dijadikan jaminan utang dengan dibebani hak tanggungan.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BENDA CAGAR BUDAYA TERHADAP ANCAMAN KERUSAKAN DI YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Harjiyatni Francisca Romana , Raharja Sunarya
Published: August 2023

This study aims to analyse the factors that has caused the damage and the extinction of the cultural heritages in the city of Yogyakarta, among which are the constraints that arise in providing legal protection of cultural heritage objects and the concept of strong legal protection at the local government level. This study mainly oversees the weaknesses in the legal protection of cultural heritages in Yogyakarta, as it has resulted in lack of regulations protecting the status and surroundings of these heritages. Research results show that the legal protection towards cultural heritages in Yogyakarta remains weak. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan kerusakan dan kemusnahan cagar budaya di Kota Yogyakarta, antara lain adalah hambatan yang timbul dalam memberi perlindungan hukum terhadap objek cagar budaya dan konsep perlindungan hukum terhadap objek tersebut dalam tingkat pemerintahan daerah. Studi ini secara garis besar meneliti kelemahan-kelemahan dalam perlindungan hukum terhadap objek cagar budaya di Kota Yogyakarta yang dirasa masih sangat kurang dalam membuat peraturan-peraturan daerah untuk melindungi status dan lingkungan dari cagar budaya di daerahnya. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlindungan hukum terhadap benda cagar budaya di Kota Yogyakarta masih lemah.
PRANATA GADAI SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PEMBIAYAAN BERBASIS KEKUATAN SENDIRI (GAGASAN PEMBENTUKAN UU PERGADAIAN)
Authors: Abubakar Lastuti
Published: August 2023

Pawn services in Indonesia has transformed from a traditional financing institution which particularly work within small and medium enterprise to a wider financial institution that include mortgage, investment, parcel delivery services, custody as well as gold trading. Yet it raises question how is the development of pawn services in practice in regards to the objective of pawn institution as a financial alternative. In additon, it also leads to the question how the proper regulation concept is in the future. Research shows that pawn services, particularly sharia pawn services in gold, turns to be a speculative investment. Hence, future regulation concerning pawn services should be able to achieve the objective of pawn services as a tool of economic development. Jasa pegadaian di Indonesia bertransformasi dari semula sebagai lembaga pembiayaan masyarakat, khususnya UMKM meluas menjadi lembaga yang juga melayani fidusia, investasi, pengiriman dan penerimaan barang, penitipan dan jual beli logam mulia. Permasalahan yang akan diteliti adalah bagaimana perkembangan praktik gadai apabila dikaitkan dengan tujuan pranata gadai sebagai alternatif pembiayaan dan bagaimanakah konsep pengaturan gadai di masa datang guna mewujudkan fungsi gadai sebagai alternatif pembiayaan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh hasil bahwa praktik pegadaian, khususnya gadai emas syariah bergeser menjadi investasi yang spekulatif. Oleh karena itu regulasi pergadaian sangat diperlukan. Regulasi pergadaian di masa datang harus mampu menjadikan pranata gadai sebagai alternatif pembiayaan guna menggerakkan perekonomian.
UPAYA PENCEGAHAN DAN PENANGGULANGAN PENCEMARAN AIR AKIBAT PENAMBANGAN EMAS DI SUNGAI KAHAYAN
Authors: Heriamariaty Mrs.
Published: August 2023

The absence of Public Mining Area and continued use of mercury is responsible for the illegal gold mining and water pollution in Kahayan river. Efforts must be made to avoid and overcome environmental impact by strengthening coordination in central and regional level; empowering local community; and imposing sanction as law enforcement method. Belum adanya Wilayah Pertambangan Rakyat serta penggunaan merkuri mendorong terjadinya penambangan emas tanpa izin dan pencemaran air di Sungai Kahayan. Untuk mencegah dan menanggulangi pencemaran ini diperlukan koordinasi di tingkat pusat dan daerah; penyuluhan dan pendekatan di bidang sosial, ekonomi, budaya, hukum, dan teknologi; serta penegakan hukum secara tegas melalui penerapan sanksi.
Multitafsir Pengertian “Ihwal Kegentingan yang Memaksa” dalam Penerbitan Perppu
Authors: Simamora Janpatar
Published: August 2023

The obscurity of noodverordenings in issuing government regulation in-lieu-of-law attracts hot debate. Since the requirement of ‘compelling crisis situation’ is very subjective, it tends to be politically abused. Therefore, the will of Article 22 of 1945 Constitution that gives room for this regulation in-lieu-of-law should be re-thought and reviewed.  Ketidakjelasan noodverordenings dalam mengeluarkan perppu mengundang perdebatan di masyarakat. Karena Presiden dapat menentukan kondisi ‘kegentingan yang memaksa’, kondisi ini menjadi sangat subjektif dan berpotensi disalahgunakan secara politis. Dengan demikian, penting bagi kita untuk menelaah dan memikirkan kembali maksud Pasal 22 UUDNRI Tahun 1945 yang memberikan payung hukum untuk perppu ini.
Masalah Putusan Ultra Petita dalam Pengujian Undang-Undang
Authors: Siallagan Haposan
Published: August 2023

Albeit the absence of standing for ultra petita verdicts, our Constitutional Court has in several rulings issued such verdict. Consequently, citizens’ constitutional rights that initially should be protected by the Court are being deprived of instead. Therefore, the Court shall stop producing ultra petita verdicts until it acquires decent standing.  Walaupun tidak ada payung hukum untuk menaungi pengeluaran putusan ultra petita, beberapa kali Mahkamah Konstitusi memutus secara ultra petita. Sebagai akibatnya, hak-hak konstitusional warganegara yang seyogyanya dilindungi oleh Mahkamah malah dilanggar. Dengan demikian, sudah selayaknya Mahkamah tidak lagi mengeluarkan putusan ultra petita selama dasar hukumnya belum ada.
Prinsip Non-Refoulement dan Relevansinya dalam Sistem Hukum Internasional
Authors: Riyanto Sigit
Published: August 2023

Non-refoulement principle protects refugee or asylum seeker from being expelled or returned to places where his life or freedom would be threatened on particular accounts, for instance his race, religion, or nationality. Having been internationally recognized as jus cogens, this principle shall not, under any circumstances whatsoever, be derogated. Konsep non-refoulement melarang penolakan dan pengiriman pengungsi atau pencari suaka ke wilayah tempat kebebasan dan hidup mereka terancam karena alasan-alasan tertentu seperti alasan ras, agama, atau kebangsaan. Sebagai prinsip yang telah diterima oleh masyarakat internasional dan diakui sebagai jus cogens, penyimpangan prinsip non-refoulement atas dasar apapun tidak dapat dibenarkan.
Aspek Ontologi Pembagian Waris dalam Hukum Islam dan Hukum Adat Jawa
Authors: Sudaryanto Agus
Published: August 2023

Even though Islamic law agrees with Javanese adat law in the type and status of inheritable property, we find a distinction in the matter of inheritance utilisation and distribution, heir groupings, and child portion. This article attempts to study the ontological aspects of inheritance laws of the two legal systems. Walaupun pada dasarnya hukum Islam dan hukum adat Jawa memiliki kesamaan terutama di jenis dan status harta warisan, ditemukan perbedaan dalam hal pemanfaatan dan pembagian harta waris, golongan ahli waris, serta bagian anak. Artikel ini mencoba membahas aspek ontologi hukum waris antara kedua sistem hukum tersebut.