bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Integration of Systematic Pharmacology and Experimental Validation
to Explain the Mechanism of Action of Wuling Capsule in the Treatment
of NAFLD
Authors: Shu Yan , Chu Yajun , Yang Sicheng , Cao Jinyi , Qiao Yi , Zhao Yang , Yang Zhifu
Published: June 2024

Background:

Wuling capsule is a traditional Chinese medicine composed of four
herbals. It has been widely used to treat chronic active hepatitis and has shown significant efficacy in hyperlipidemia. However, the treatment of NAFLD disease has not been studied in
depth.

Methods:

Firstly, the potential bioactive compounds in Wuling capsules were identified by
TCMSP (https://old.tcmsp-e.com/tcmsp.php). Secondly， the pathway and GO function were
analyzed by using the DAVID database (https://david.ncifcrf.gov/). Then, the molecular docking
techniques were used to confirm the accuracy of binding between key targets and components.
Furthermore, the experimental pharmacology validation was conducted using RT-qPCR and WB
of the NAFLD model.

Results:

A total of 138 active compounds and 40 common potential targets associated with
NAFLD were identified through network pharmacology. The pathway and functional enrichment analysis showed that the Wuling capsule was associated with the PI3K-AKT and HIF-1α
signaling pathways. In vivo experiments showed that the Wuling capsule could reduce IL-6,
TNF-α, and HIF-1α proteins and up-regulate STAT3 and VEGFA levels (P < 0.05), thus alleviating liver inflammation.

Conclusions:

With the support of network pharmacology and animal experiments, the study preliminarily investigated the effect of the Wuling capsule on liver inflammation by regulating the
HIF-1α signaling pathway, thereby protecting liver function and treating NAFLD.
Folate-Modified Curcumin-Loaded Nanoparticles for Overcoming Delivery Challenges in Cancer Treatment: A Narrative Review
Authors: Nosrati-Oskouie Mohammad , Salavatizadeh Marieh , Sadat Aghili-Moghaddam Nazanin , Sathyapalan Thozhukat , Kesharwani Prashant , Tarighat-Esfanjani Ali , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: June 2024

Curcumin, as an anti-tumor agent, is not widely used in cancer treatment due to the
lack of effective levels of its metabolites in cancerous tissue. Addressing the barriers to the carrier
and delivery of drugs to the specific sites of therapeutic action while reducing side effects is
a priority. Folate receptor expression is high in malignant and low in normal cells. Folate as a
targeted ligand could selectively target cancer cells. Thus, this narrative review aimed to provide
an overview of the studies that have investigated the different types of folate-modified curcumin
as a carrier and deliverer and their structural properties that enhance therapeutic drug efficacy. A
literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar
databases. Thirty-eight preclinical studies addressing this topic were identified. The findings of
the current review have shown that folate-modified nanoparticles containing curcumin as a
promising therapeutic approach can be effective in improving different types of cancers. In vitro
studies have shown a higher cellular uptake and cytotoxicity effect, higher cell inhibition, and
anti-proliferation with a lower dosage of curcumin. In vivo studies have shown more tumor suppression
and smaller tumor volume without toxicity after the administration of folate-modified
nanoparticles containing curcumin. Future clinical trials are needed to confirm the beneficial
effect of folate-modified curcumin as a new drug delivery platform for cancer treatment.
Cardioprotective Potential of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extract Loaded Niosomes Nanoparticles - Against Doxorubicin Toxicity In Rats
Authors: Mohamad Ebtesam A. , Ahmed Samya Mahmoud , Masoud Marwa A. , Mohamed Fatma Adel , Mohammed Haitham S.
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most potent anticancer drugs that has
ubiquitous usage in oncology; however, its marked adverse effects, such as cardiotoxicity, are
still a major clinical issue. Plant extracts have shown cardioprotective effects and reduced the
risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Method:

The current study is intended to explore the cardioprotective effect of ethanolic
Moringa oleifera extracts (MOE) leaves loaded into niosomes (MOE-NIO) against DOXinduced
cardiotoxicity in rats. MOE niosomes nanoparticles (NIO-NPs) were prepared and characterized
by TEM. Seventy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups: control,
NIO, DOX, DOX+MOE, DOX+MOE-NIO, MOE+DOX, and MOE-NIO+DOX. DOX (4
mg/kg, IP) was injected once per week for 4 weeks with daily administration of MOE or MOENIO
(250 mg/kg, PO) for 4 weeks; in the sixth and seventh groups, MOE or MOE-NIO (250
mg/kg, PO) was administered one week before DOX injection. Various parameters were assessed
in serum and cardiac tissue. Pre and co-treatment with MOE-NIO have mitigated the cardiotoxicity
induced by DOX as indicated by serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine
kinase - MB(CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cardiac Troponin 1(cTn1) and lipid
profile. MOE-NIO also alleviated lipid peroxidation (MDA), nitrosative status (NO), and inflammatory
markers levels; myeloperoxidase (MPO) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)
obtained in DOX-treated animals. Additionally, ameliorated effects have been recorded in glutathione
content and superoxide dismutase activity. MOE-NIO effectively neutralized the DOXupregulated
nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38
MAPK), and DOX-downregulated nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expressions
in the heart.

Results:

It is concluded that pre and co-treatment with MOE-NIO could protect the heart against
DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by suppressing numerous pathways including oxidative stress, inflammation,
and apoptosis and by the elevation of tissue antioxidant status.

Conclusion:

Thus, it may be reasonable to suggest that pre and co-treatment with MOE-NIO can
provide a potential cardioprotective effect when doxorubicin is used in the management of carcinoma.
Exploring the Potential Role of Phytopharmaceuticals in Alleviating Toxicities of Chemotherapeutic Agents
Authors: Katolkar Ujwal N. , Surana Sanjay J.
Published: June 2024

Background:

Chemotherapy is the mainstay of cancer treatment, bringing patients optimism
about recurrence and survival. However, the clinical effectiveness of chemotherapeutic
drugs is frequently jeopardized by their intrinsic toxicity, resulting in side effects affecting the
quality of life of cancer patients. This analysis explores the ethnopharmacological impact of phytopharmaceuticals,
highlighting their traditional use in many cultures. The present study, which
takes its cues from indigenous knowledge, aims to close the knowledge gap between traditional
medicine and modern medicine in reducing the toxicities of chemotherapy treatments.

Aim:

The present in-depth study aims to highlight the current research and upcoming developments
in phytopharmaceuticals for reducing the toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs. Further, we
address the mechanisms through which phytopharmaceuticals may reduce chemotherapy-induced
side effects that include nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression, nephropathy, neuropathy, and cardiotoxicity
using data from a variety of preclinical and clinical investigations.

Materials and Methods:

The literature search was carried out by employing search engines such
as PubMed and Google Scholar with keywords such as cancer, chemotherapy, CNS toxicity, hematopoietic
toxicity, renal toxicity, GI toxicity, CNS toxicity, and phytopharmaceuticals.

Results:

Bioactive chemicals found in plants, such as fruits, vegetables, herbs, and spices, are being
studied for their capacity to improve the safety and acceptability of chemotherapy regimens.
The current review also dives into the investigation of phytopharmaceuticals as adjuvant
medicines in cancer treatment, which is a viable path for addressing the pressing need to lessen
chemotherapy-induced toxicities.

Conclusion:

The present review revealed that the potential of phytopharmaceuticals in alleviating
chemotherapeutic drug toxicities would pave the way for better cancer treatment and patient outcomes,
harmonizing with the larger trend towards personalized and holistic approaches to chemotherapy.
Polymeric Micelle-Based Nanogels as Emerging Drug Delivery Systems in Breast Cancer Treatment: Promises and Challenges
Authors: Yazdan M. , Naghib S.M. , Mozafari M.R.
Published: June 2024

:

Breast cancer is a pervasive global health issue that disproportionately impacts the female
population. Over the past few years, there has been considerable interest in nanotechnology
due to its potential utility in creating drug-delivery systems designed to combat this illness. The
primary aim of these devices is to enhance the delivery of targeted medications, optimise the specific
cells that receive the drugs, tackle treatment resistance in malignant cells, and introduce novel
strategies for preventing and controlling diseases. This research aims to examine the methodologies
utilised by various carrier nanoparticles in the context of therapeutic interventions for breast
cancer. The main objective is to investigate the potential application of novel delivery technologies
to attain timely and efficient diagnosis and treatment. Current cancer research predominantly
examines diverse drug delivery methodologies for chemotherapeutic agents. These methodologies
encompass the development of hydrogels, micelles, exosomes, and similar compounds. This research
aims to analyse the attributes, intricacies, notable advancements, and practical applications
of the system in clinical settings. Despite the demonstrated efficacy of these methodologies, an apparent
discrepancy can be observed between the progress made in developing innovative therapeutic
approaches and their widespread implementation in clinical settings. It is critical to establish a
robust correlation between these two variables to enhance the effectiveness of medication delivery
systems based on nanotechnology in the context of breast cancer treatment.
Neutrophil-to-albumin Ratio as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Bao Jiajia , Zhang Yang , Ma Mengmeng , Wang Jian , Jiang Xin , Guo Jian , He Li
Published: June 2024

Background:

Neutrophil-To-Albumin Ratio (NAR) is a novel inflammatory biomarker.
However, the potential prognostic value of NAR in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains unclear.
This study aimed to evaluate whether NAR levels correlated with the 3-month modified
Rankin scale (mRS) in patients with AIS.

Methods:

AIS patients were included in this retrospective study. NAR was calculated as the ratio
of absolute neutrophil count to serum albumin level. Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate
the effect of NAR on 3-month mRS of AIS. The predictive values of NAR, albumin level,
and neutrophil count were compared utilizing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.
Moreover, subgroup analyses and interaction tests were conducted to evaluate the consistency of
NAR’s effect on AIS prognosis.

Results:

Of the 780 patients included, 403 (51.67%) had a poor clinical outcome (mRS 3-6) at 3
months. NAR was independently correlated to 3-month poor functional outcome after adjusting
for confounders (Odds ratios (OR), 9.34; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.09 to 80.13; p
=0.0417). Subgroup analysis showed a relative effect consistent with the overall population results,
and no statistical interactions were found in the subgroups (all p for interaction > 0.05). The
ROC curve showed that the prognosis-related cutoff value for NAR was 0.123, with corresponding
specificity and sensitivity of 53.55% and 63.94%, respectively. When comparing the predictive
power, NAR (0.590; 95%CI 0.549–0.630) exhibited the highest area under the curve (AUC)
of ROC compared to neutrophils (0.584; 95%CI 0.543–0.624) and albumin (0.540; 95%CI
0.500–0.581).

Conclusion:

There is a positive relationship between NAR levels and 3-month poor functional outcomes
in AIS patients, supporting the potential of NAR as a readily available and economic serum
biomarker for the early identification of AIS prognosis. Further studies are required to validate the
prognostic value and clinical utility of the NAR.
An Overview on Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Singh Ujjawal , Sharma Ramsha , Kumar Ranjeet
Published: June 2024

The term "Diabetic neuropathy" refers to a collection of clinical and subclinical
symptoms caused by problems with the peripheral nervous system. Diabetes, which affects
approximately 381 million people worldwide, is the source of dysfunction due to the emergence
of microvascular complications. It is anticipated that in the next ten years, Diabetic neuropathy
will manifest in about 50% of patients who are currently diagnosed with diabetes. Clinical
diagnosis can be established by getting a thorough patient history and exploring the symptoms to
rule out alternative causes. Although distal symmetrical polyneuropathy, or just, is the most
common and well-researched variant of the disorder, this review will concentrate on it. The
multifactorial pathogenesis is linked to various inflammatory, vascular, metabolic, and
neurodegenerative illnesses. The three fundamental molecular alterations that lead to the
development of diabetic neuropathic pain are oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and
chronic inflammation. These three elements are crucial in the development of polyneuropathy
because their combination might result in direct axonal damage and nerve ischemia. The
purpose of this article was to provide a narrative review of diabetic neuropathy. We provide an
overview of the most recent data on biomarkers, the pathogenesis of the illness, the most recent
epidemiology of diabetic neuropathy, and the existing screening and diagnosis outcome
measures used in both clinical and research contexts.
Assessment of Thermal and Mechanical Indices as Acoustic Output Parameters
Used in Obstetric Ultrasound in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Gareeballah Awadia , Ghazai Alharbi Wafa , Sami Alharbi Taif , Mohammed Alhejaili Rodina , Ahmed Maashi Nouf , Al-Ahmadi Fadwa Mohammed , Abdulwadoud Alshoabi Sultan , Gameraddin Moawia , Elzaki Maisa , Alsharif Walaa , Abouraida Raga Ahmed , Adam Mohammed , Alzain Amel FH
Published: June 2024

Background:

Patient safety is paramount in ultrasound procedures, particularly in obstetric ultrasounds involving both the mother and fetus. The thermal and
mechanical indices (TI and MI) serve as crucial indicators of the acoustic output during ultrasound. Clinicians and specialists must know these
indices and ensure they are within safe ranges. This study aimed to assess the parameters of acoustic output power employed in obstetric
ultrasound (thermal and mechanical index).

Methodology:

A cross-sectional observational study conducted at Maternity and Children's Hospital in Al-Madina Al-Munawwarah, the data was collected from
obstetric scanning of 411 pregnant females using a data collection sheet including gravida and women's age, gestational age, scan mode, scan time,
and thermal and mechanical index (TI and MI) values.

Results:

The study found that there were significant differences in safety indices measurement between different modes; in Pulsed Doppler, mean Thermal
Index Bone (TIb) had the highest value (1.60±0.40), and the Mechanical Index (MI) was the lowest (0.68±0.33). There were insignificant
differences in safety indices values in different modes in different trimesters. The thermal indices of soft tissue and bony structure (TIs and TIb) of
brightness mode (B-mode) were constant in all trimesters, but the MI in the first trimester was lower than in the other trimesters.

Conclusion:

This study found significant differences in TIs, TIb, and MI in different modes of obstetric ultrasound. Pulsed Doppler ultrasonography had the
highest TIb value and a lower MI value. The ultrasound acoustic exposure output parameters were within the standard's recommended limit
A Novel Approach for Mobility-aware Energy-efficient Clustering-based
Routing Using EANN With GA Algorithm on WSNs
Authors: M Vasim Babu , Sekaran Ramesh , Kannan Suthendran , Ravi Vinayakumar , Alahmadi Tahani Jaser
Published: June 2024

Aim:

This research aims to explore and evaluate various strategies for improving energy
efficiency within wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Specifically, the study focuses on the critical
challenge of extending network lifespan through energy conservation by establishing balanced
clusters within the WSN architecture.

Background:

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), ensuring prolonged network operation while
conserving energy resources is a significant concern. One promising approach to address this challenge
is the implementation of equalized clusters, which requires an effective selection of cluster
heads (CHs). However, this task presents considerable complexity and demands innovative solutions
to overcome.

Objective:

The primary objective of this study is to develop and assess a novel methodology for selecting
precise cluster heads (CHs) within WSNs. This methodology is based on the utilization of
Bluetooth low energy (BLE) sensors deployed in a randomly distributed manner across the study
area. By employing an enhanced artificial neural network and greedy approach (EANN-GA), the
proposed technique seeks to identify CHs with optimal proximity to the cluster center and substantial
remaining energy reserves.

Methods:

The proposed methodology involves the deployment of BLE sensors distributed randomly
throughout the study region, which are then organized into clusters. Using the enhanced artificial
neural network and greedy approach (EANN-GA), the sensor node nearest to the cluster center
with the highest remaining energy is selected as the cluster head (CH). Additionally, a mobile sink
(MS) is introduced to harness the power of CHs, and the number of paths utilized by the MS is estimated
through a genetic approach. Based on this path information, the MS enters each cluster to
initiate the data-gathering process.

Results:

Performance analysis of the presented methodology demonstrates significant improvements
in energy efficiency and the extension of network lifetime. By employing the proposed
EANN-GA technique for CH selection and optimizing MS path utilization, the study showcases
enhanced operational effectiveness within WSNs.

Conclusion:

The findings of this research underscore the effectiveness of the proposed methodology
in enhancing energy efficiency and prolonging the lifespan of wireless sensor networks.
Through the innovative integration of BLE sensors, EANN-GA CH selection, and genetic-based
MS path estimation, the study contributes valuable insights toward addressing the critical challenges
of energy conservation in WSNs.
Image Steganalysis using Deep Convolution Neural Networks: A Literature Survey
Authors: Farooq Numrena , Mir Roohie Naaz
Published: June 2024

:

Steganography is the technique of hiding data for secret communication in a public media
format. The image in which the hidden data is stored is called a stego image. Steganalysis is the
process of targeting the methods of steganography to identify, remove, destroy, and exploit the secret
data in stego images. The identification of embedded secret data in the image is the basis for
steganalysis. The proper selection of the type and composition of cover files contributes to a better
embedding. Several steganalysis techniques exist for detecting steganography in the images given.
Because of the embedded data, the performance of the steganalysis technique relies on the capacity
to retrieve the feature representations to identify the statistical portion of the image. Steganalysis &
steganography has experienced tremendous development in recent years with the emergence of
Deep Convolution Neural Networks (DCNN). In this paper, we explored the current state of research
from the latest systems of image steganalysis based on deep learning. This paper presents
different methodologies and frameworks of CNN, the research being carried out on image steganalysis
based on deep learning and implementation complexities, and highlights the benefits and
limitations of the existing techniques. This study also provides the direction for future research and
may serve as a fundamental source for further research in deep learning-based image steganalysis.
Innovations in Skin Cancer Nanotechnology: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Singh Sonia , Varshney Mayuri
Published: June 2024

Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer among white people, according to the
World Health Organisation. The incidence of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers has increased
to epidemic levels, making them the most widespread type of skin cancer. Melanoma is a
very aggressive form of cancer, characterized by limited treatment choices due to multidrug resistance
and an extremely low probability of patient survival. This article explores the various impediments
and limitations associated with conventionally available treatments. Chemotherapy, radiation,
immunotherapy, and targeted therapy are among the conventional treatments for melanoma;
however, each of these approaches has several adverse reactions. Recently, there has been a focus
on biological and pharmacological research on developing alternative, site-specific therapy approaches.
Nanotechnology offers several benefits in this regard, with the potential to enhance the
longevity of melanoma patients while minimizing adverse effects. Nanoparticles serve as effective
drug carrier systems due to their capacity to improve the solubility of medications with low water
solubility, modify pharmacokinetics, prolong drug half-life by reducing immunogenicity, boost bioavailability,
and decrease drug metabolism. This article highlights recent advancements in utilizing
several nanotechnological techniques, including solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers,
liposomes, transferosomes, ethosomes, and nanoemulsion polymeric mixed micelles.
Artificial Neural Networks in Spray Coatings for Protection of
Hydroturbines in Silt Conditions
Authors: Singh Jashanpreet , Kumar Rahul
Published: June 2024

Background:

Artificial intelligence techniques are able to predict the erosion in various
coatings. In recent times, the erosion of the coating was successfully predicted using artificial neural networks (ANN).

Aim:

This patent aims to present the critical findings in the area of spray coatings used for the protection of hydroturbines. This critical review explores the surface erosion of numerous hydroturbine materials and coatings. Moreover, it covers the evolution of coating techniques used in different industries such as hydropower plants and materials handling industry.

Objective:

The objective of this patent is to present the critical finding in the field of erosion wear
in coatings utilizing an artificial neural networks (ANN) technique.

Methods:

The effect of influencing factors on silt erosion was assessed. However, the evolution of
various coating processes was explored comprehensively. Furthermore, the properties of various
coatings, namely WC, Cr2C3, and Ni/Co coatings, were reported. A number of comparative analyses were carried out that can help in the selection of coatings on the basis of their mechanical as
well as chemical properties. The applications of ANN in the spray industry were explained extensively.

Results:

The results show that the HVOF coating is the most widely used deposition method.
HVOF is an appropriate technique for both ceramics and pure metals. Ceramics, as well as cermet,
are deposited to enhance the wear and tear resistance of hydroturbine materials. As a result, the
HVOF, laser cladding, D-Gun, and plasma spray technique are optimal in these circumstances.
Coatings based on WC have been employed by several researchers to increase stainless steels' resistance to erosion and wear.

Conclusion:

With the application of appropriate models and ML methods, it is expected that coatings with specific desired properties can be manufactured with fewer experiments. There is no surprise that WC-10Co-4Cr finds widespread usage in a variety of industrial contexts. Ni- and Cobased coatings show promise for use in tribological settings. Stellite is suggested by several researchers for high-erosion duty conditions in hydroturbines. Co-based coatings are more erosion
resistant as compared to No-based coatings. Coatings formulated with chromium (Cr) are resistant
to erosion and wear in harsh mining environments.
The Effect of Plasma Exchange on Recovery of Patients with Coronavirus
Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Seghatoleslami Zahrasadat , Zare Mohammadamin , Amini Atefeh , Majmasanaye Mahnam , Eshraghi Azadeh
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Plasma Exchange (PE) in Severe
Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive pneumonia patients.

Method:

This study was a case series conducted at a referral hospital. Twenty SARS-CoV-2-positive
patients had an oxygen saturation of 80-90%, and the respiratory rate above 30 per minute. These
symptoms started 1 week after the onset of the disease. All patients had less than 90% oxygen saturation and needed respiratory support (oxygen therapy) treated with plasma exchange on 3-5 consecutive days during hospitalization. We followed the amount of oxygen saturation, which was in the
form of increasing the patient's oxygen saturation above 90% without oxygen supply and above 92%
without oxygen, improving shortness of breath and improving patients' clinical symptoms.

Results:

Our study included a total of 20 COVID-19 patients with an overall mean age of 48.9 ± 12.1
years (range: 39–58 years); 60% (n=12) were males, 34.5% of whom benefited from TPE sessions.
On the third day after the treatment, shortness of breath improved in these patients. Oxygen saturation of any twenty patients increased before the procedure of plasma exchange. Clinical symptoms of
all patients were decreasing shortness of breath and improving patients' clinical symptoms after the
procedure.

Conclusion:

According to our observations, plasma exchange could not show a significant therapeutic effect in COVID-19 patients with severe lung involvement.
Investigating the Nootropic Effects of Shilajit on Hyoscine-Induced Zebrafish Model
Authors: Gupta Priyanka , Chatterjee Dhrita , Chatterjee Subhadas , Jash Rajiv
Published: June 2024

Objective:

This study uses adult zebrafish as a model organism to explore the possible
cognitive-boosting properties of shilajit, a traditional Ayurvedic herbal resin. Shilajit is known
for its potential cognitive benefits, and the study focuses on its impact on memory and cognitive
function.

Methods:

The study employs a T-maze apparatus to assess cognitive performance in zebrafish,
particularly memory, and uses hyoscine, a memory-deficit-inducing compound, in the experiments. Various doses of shilajit (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 mg/ml) were administered to zebrafish via
water immersion, and lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione were checked to measure oxidative stress.

Results:

The results reveal that shilajit positively affects memory in zebrafish with hyoscineinduced amnesia. Zebrafish treated with shilajit exhibited improved memory performance, as
indicated by increased entries into the reward arm (yellow) (p<0.05) and reduced latency time
(p<0.0001). Different doses of shilajit demonstrated varying effects, with higher doses leading
to more pronounced memory improvements. Furthermore, the study examined biochemical parameters in the zebrafish brains, with a specific focus on markers of oxidative stress. Shilajit
treatment was associated with a decrease in lipid peroxidation and an increase in reduced glutathione levels, signalling a reduction in oxidative stress (p<0.0001).

Discussion:

Finally, these findings suggest that shilajit not only alleviates memory deficits in
the zebrafish model but also possesses potential antioxidative properties in lowering reactive
oxygen species (ROS) levels in the brain.

Conclusion:

Our result suggests that shilajit counteracted the damage caused to cholinergic neurons in zebrafish brains by reducing ROS levels and improving learning and memory.
O Feitiço do Império: a encenação do universo colonial português nas exposições de 1932, 1934 e 1940
Authors: Ribeiro Carla
Published: June 2024

This article focuses on the Estado Novo in the early 1930s and 1940s. The aim is to examine the Portuguese colonial imaginary, based on the visual narrative developed at three exhibitions: the Great Portuguese Industrial Exhibition of 1932, the First Portuguese Colonial Exhibition in 1934, and the Colonial Section of the Portuguese World Exhibition in 1940. In all cases, the Empire was exhibi-ted in miniaturised form through groups of villages and dwellings characteristic of the different colonies, including indigenous people and specimens of local fauna. These visual communication forms provided a sensual immediacy that allowed access to the general public, inspired by the staging techniques of ethnographic environments that had been established in major exhibitions since the mid-1800s. The purpose is to analyse the expositive scenographic forms used, drawing on the resulting iconographic universe, of a propagandistic nature — mainly magazines and films — seeking to understand the process of cultural objectification to which the Portuguese colonial universe was subjected.
Exploring the factors influencing brand loyalty for the online food ordering sector in Vietnam
Authors:   Faculty t of Resources and Environmental Economics, Ho Chi Minh University of Natural Resources and Environment, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Nguyet Nguyen Thi Hong , Dung Tran Van ,   Faculty t of Resources and Environmental Economics, Ho Chi Minh University of Natural Resources and Environment, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Published: June 2024

This study aims to assess the impact of social media advertising and e-brand experiences. Specifically, it examines how e-brand satisfaction and trust, acting as mediator variables, influence e-brand loyalty among online food customers in Vietnam. The research uses a quantitative method, collecting data from 469 valid responses via a survey questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using statistical tools such as Cronbach's alpha, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) through SPSS and AMOS software. The results show that e-brand experience, satisfaction, and trust are essential for developing and sustaining long-term relationships. Consequently, managers should focus on integrated activities to enhance consumer experience and satisfaction.
Comorbid background on the waiting list for liver transplantation. Clinical case of liver cirrhosis as a result of chronic viral hepatitis B with a delta agent in combination with cardiac arrhythmia
Authors: Petrova T. M. , Pak E. S. , Korobka R. V. , Skachedub V. I. , Kucherenko O. B. , Pasechnikov D. V. , Bukhtin O. V.
Published: June 2024

Hepatitis D virus is a dependent virus that depends on hepatitis B virus for replication and transmission. Chronic hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a severe form of viral hepatitis that can lead to end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver transplantation (LT) is the only treatment option for patients with end-stage liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, or fulminant hepatitis caused by HDV coinfection. Also, the presence of a comorbid background is associated with a higher rate of complications, longer hospitalization and worse survival both before and after LT. We present a case of liver cirrhosis as a result of HBV+HDV co-infection in combination with arrhythmia in a patient on the waiting list for LT in the Rostov region.
Acute myocardial infarction in patients with concomitant hypothyroidism: clinical features and heart rate variability during inpatient treatment
Authors: Gridneva Yu. Yu. , Chesnikova A. I. , Safronenko V. A. , Voronova A. V.
Published: June 2024

Objective: to evaluate the features of the clinical course, as well as heart rate variability (HRV) during inpatient treatment in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and concomitant newly diagnosed hypothyroidism.

Materials and methods: the study included 133 patients with STEMI aged 40 to 88 years who were admitted to the cardiology department. Depending on the presence of newly diagnosed hypothyroidism syndrome, all patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1 consisted of patients with STEMI without hypothyroidism syndrome (n=57), group 2A — patients with STeMI and subclinical hypothyroidism (n=42) and group 2B — patients with STeMI and manifest hypothyroidism (n=34). Clinical symptoms and complications in the acute period of MI were evaluated in all patients, and Holter ECG monitoring (XM ECG) was performed.

Results: during hospital treatment, patients with concomitant manifest hypothyroidism showed more frequent development of cardiac arrhythmias such as paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) (p<0.05), supraventricular extrasystole (NE), paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (LVT) (p<0,05). When assessing the risk of early complications in the acute period of MI, higher scores were recorded in patients with manifest hypothyroidism (p<0.05). The analysis of HRV indicators showed that in the studied patients with concomitant manifest hypothyroidism, despite the presence of an acute period of MI, activation of the parasympathetic link of the ANS (autonomic nervous system) prevails in the regulation of heart rhythm, unlike in patients of the control group and the group with subclinical hypothyroidism, in whom, on the contrary, the influence of the sympathetic link of the ANS prevails.

Conclusion: during hospitalization, patients with manifest hypothyroidism were statistically significantly more likely to develop supraventricular cardiac arrhythmias, and a higher risk of cardiovascular complications in the acute period of MI was determined compared with both the control group and the group of patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. In patients with concomitant manifest hypothyroidism, the activation of the parasympathetic link of the ANS in the regulation of heart rhythm is more pronounced, in contrast to patients in the control group and the group with subclinical hypothyroidism, in whom, on the contrary, the influence of the sympathetic link of the ANS prevails.
Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Taradin G. G. , Ignatenko G. A. , Kugler T. E. , Marushkin N. S. , Yefanov K. I.
Published: June 2024

The review provides information about apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), which is a relatively rare phonotype of HCM. Previously, it was believed that apical HCMP has a favorable prognosis, but recent studies have demonstrated an increased risk of fatal arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death, especially among elderly patients, women and those with comorbidities such as arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Patients with apical HCMP complain of chest pain, shortness of breath and palpitations. The diagnosis is based on data from various investigation methods, among which imaging techniques such as echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging are crucial. For apical HCMP, a characteristic sign is the identification of the configuration of the left ventricular cavity at the end of the systole resembling to the type "Ace-of-spades". Treatment includes pharmacotherapy using beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, cardiac myosin inhibitors and surgical interventions. The lack of information on unfavorable prognostic factors, the lack of specific clinical data and the complexity of instrumental diagnosis emphasize the relevance of studying the problem of apical HCMP.
The Application of a Serious Game Framework to Design and Develop an Exergame for Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Berglund Aseel , Jaarsma Tiny , Orädd Helena , Fallström Johan , Strömberg Anna , Klompstra Leonie , Berglund Erik
Published: June 2024

Reducing inactivity in patients with chronic disease is vital since it can decrease the risk of disease progression and mortality. Exergames are an innovative approach to becoming more physically active and positively affecting physical health outcomes. Serious games are designed for purposes beyond entertainment and exergames are serious games for physical activity. However, current commercial exergames might not optimally meet the needs of patients with special needs. Developing tailored exergames is challenging and requires an appropriate process. The primary goal of this viewpoint is to describe significant lessons learned from designing and developing an exergame for patients with chronic heart failure using the player-centered, iterative, interdisciplinary, and integrated (P-III) framework for serious games. Four of the framework’s pillars were used in the design and development of a mobile exergame: player-centered design, iterative development of the game, interdisciplinary teamwork, and integration of play and serious content. The mobile exergame was developed iteratively in 7 iterations by an interdisciplinary team involving users and stakeholders in all iterations. Stakeholders played various roles during the development process, making the team stay focused on the needs of the patients and creating an exergame that catered to these needs. Evaluations were conducted during each iteration by both the team and users or patients according to the player-centered design pillar. Since the exergame was created for a smartphone, the assessments were conducted both on the development computer and on the intended platforms. This required continuous deployment of the exergame to the platforms and smartphones that support augmented reality. Our findings show that the serious game P-III framework needs to be modified in order to be used for the design and development of exergames. In this viewpoint, we propose an updated version of the P-III framework for exergame development including (1) a separate and thorough design of the physical activity and physical interaction, and (2) early and continuous deployment of the exergame on the intended platform to enable evaluations and everyday life testing.
Perceptions of HIV-Related Comorbidities and Usability of a Virtual Environment for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Education in Sexual Minority Men With HIV: Formative Phases of a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ramos S Raquel , Reynolds Harmony , Johnson Constance , Melkus Gail , Kershaw Trace , Thayer Julian F , Vorderstrasse Allison
Published: June 2024

Background

Sexual minority men with HIV are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and have been underrepresented in behavioral research and clinical trials.

Objective

This study aims to explore perceptions of HIV-related comorbidities and assess the interest in and usability of a virtual environment for CVD prevention education in Black and Latinx sexual minority men with HIV.

Methods

This is a 3-phase pilot behavioral randomized controlled trial. We report on formative phases 1 and 2 that informed virtual environment content and features using qualitative interviews, usability testing, and beta testing with a total of 25 individuals. In phase 1, a total of 15 participants completed interviews exploring HIV-related illnesses of concern that would be used to tailor the virtual environment. In phase 2, usability testing and beta testing were conducted with 10 participants to assess interest, features, and content.

Results

In phase 1, we found that CVD risk factors included high blood pressure, myocardial infarction, stroke, and diabetes. Cancer (prostate, colon, and others) was a common concern, as were mental health conditions. In phase 2, all participants completed the 12-item usability checklist with favorable feedback within 30 to 60 minutes. Beta-testing interviews suggested (1) mixed perceptions of health and HIV, (2) high risk for comorbid conditions, (3) virtual environment features were promising, and (4) the need for diverse avatar representations.

Conclusions

We identified several comorbid conditions of concern, and findings carry significant implications for mitigating barriers to preventive health screenings, given the shared risk factors between HIV and related comorbidities. Highly rated aspects of the virtual environment were anonymity; meeting others with HIV who identify as gay or bisexual; validating lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and others (LGBTQ+) images and content; and accessibility to CVD prevention education. Critical end-user feedback from beta testing suggested more options for avatar customization in skin, hair, and body representation. Our next phase will test the virtual environment as a new approach to advancing cardiovascular health equity in ethnic and racial sexual minority men with HIV.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04061915; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05242952

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR2-10.2196/38348
Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy Awareness in Primary Care: UK National Cross-Sectional Survey of General Practitioners
Authors: Rufus-Toye Remi M , Rafati Fard Amir , Mowforth Oliver D , McCarron Luke V , Chan Kayen , Hirayama Yuri , Smith Emma K , Veremu Munashe , Davies Benjamin M , Brannigan Jamie F M
Published: June 2024

Background

Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is a progressive neurological condition, characterized by spinal cord injury secondary to degenerative changes in the spine. Misdiagnosis in primary care forms part of a complex picture leading to an average diagnostic delay of 2 years. This leads to potentially preventable and permanent disability. A lack of awareness secondary to deficits in postgraduate education may contribute to these delays.

Objective

This study aims to assess the awareness of DCM in the setting of general practice.

Methods

General practitioners completed a quantitative web-based cross-sectional questionnaire. The 17-item questionnaire captured data regarding demographics, subjective awareness, and objective knowledge. The questionnaire was disseminated via professional networks, including via practice managers and senior practice partners. Incentivization was provided via a bespoke DCM fact sheet for those that completed the survey.

Results

A total of 54 general practitioners representing all 4 UK nations responded to the survey. General practitioners most commonly self-assessed that they had “limited awareness” of DCM (n=24, 51%). General practitioners felt most commonly “moderately able” to recognize a case of DCM (n=21, 46%). In total, 13% (n=6) of respondents reported that they would not be at all able to recognize a patient with DCM. Respondents most commonly reported that they were “moderately confident” in their ability to triage a patient with DCM (n=19, 41%). A quarter of respondents reported no prior introduction to DCM throughout their medical training (n=13, 25%). The mean score for knowledge-based questions was 42.6% (SD 3.96%) with the lowest performance observed in patient demographic and clinical recognition items.

Conclusions

General practitioners lack confidence in the recognition and management of DCM. These findings are consistent with the diagnostic delays previously described in the literature at the primary care level. Further work to develop and implement educational interventions to general practitioner practices is a crucial step to improving patient outcomes in DCM.
Detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment Through Hand Motor Function Under Digital Cognitive Test: Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Li Aoyu , Li Jingwen , Chai Jiali , Wu Wei , Chaudhary Suamn , Zhao Juanjuan , Qiang Yan
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Early detection of cognitive impairment or dementia is essential to reduce the incidence of severe neurodegenerative diseases. However, currently available diagnostic tools for detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia are time-consuming, expensive, or not widely accessible. Hence, exploring more effective methods to assist clinicians in detecting MCI is necessary.

OBJECTIVE

In this study, we aimed to explore the feasibility and efficiency of assessing MCI through movement kinetics under tablet-based “drawing and dragging” tasks.

METHODS

We iteratively designed “drawing and dragging” tasks by conducting symposiums, programming, and interviews with stakeholders (neurologists, nurses, engineers, patients with MCI, healthy older adults, and caregivers). Subsequently, stroke patterns and movement kinetics were evaluated in healthy control and MCI groups by comparing 5 categories of features related to hand motor function (ie, time, stroke, frequency, score, and sequence). Finally, user experience with the overall cognitive screening system was investigated using structured questionnaires and unstructured interviews, and their suggestions were recorded.

RESULTS

The “drawing and dragging” tasks can detect MCI effectively, with an average accuracy of 85% (SD 2%). Using statistical comparison of movement kinetics, we discovered that the time- and score-based features are the most effective among all the features. Specifically, compared with the healthy control group, the MCI group showed a significant increase in the time they took for the hand to switch from one stroke to the next, with longer drawing times, slow dragging, and lower scores. In addition, patients with MCI had poorer decision-making strategies and visual perception of drawing sequence features, as evidenced by adding auxiliary information and losing more local details in the drawing. Feedback from user experience indicates that our system is user-friendly and facilitates screening for deficits in self-perception.

CONCLUSIONS

The tablet-based MCI detection system quantitatively assesses hand motor function in older adults and further elucidates the cognitive and behavioral decline phenomenon in patients with MCI. This innovative approach serves to identify and measure digital biomarkers associated with MCI or Alzheimer dementia, enabling the monitoring of changes in patients’ executive function and visual perceptual abilities as the disease advances.
PatientsLikeMe and Online Patient Support Communities in Dermatology (Preprint)
Authors: Szeto Mindy D , Hook Sobotka Michelle , Woolhiser Emily , Parmar Pritika , Wu Jieying , Alhanshali Lina , Dellavalle Robert P
Published: June 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

Online patient-oriented platforms such as PatientsLikeMe (PLM) offer a venue for individuals with various diagnoses to share experiences and build community, though they may not be representative of the larger patient population. This potentially limits generalizability and raises concerns about the spread of misinformation, emphasizing the need for informed use and health care provider engagement.