bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Síndrome de Brugada. Aspectos fisiopatológicos, clínicos y su asociación con enfermedades infecciosas
Authors: Rodríguez -Constaín Juan Sebastían , López-Garzón Nelson Adolfo , Navia-Amézquita Carlos Alberto , Mora-Obando Diana Lorena , Dueñas-Cuellar Rosa Amalia
Published: May 2019

El síndrome de Brugada (SBr) es una enfermedad cardiaca no estructural que afecta los canales iónicos cardiacos, caracterizado por manifestaciones clínicas como arritmias, taquicardia, síncope y muerte súbita, entre otras. Su diagnóstico es netamente electrocardiográfico, con un patrón altamente sugestivo pero no patognomónico, por lo que existen diagnósticos diferenciales desde el punto de vista electrocardiográfico.Existen tres patrones electrocardiográficos en los pacientes con SBr, de los cuales el tipo I es el patrón más característico. Actualmente, múltiples genes se han relacionado con la presentación de este síndrome, entre los cuales se destaca el gen SCN5A, el más descrito en la literatura. Se conoce que este síndrome es más frecuente en el género masculino; sin embargo, no existen estudios epidemiológicos en Latinoamérica que lo confirmen. Pese a que la investigación alrededor de los mecanismos causales del síndrome ha avanzado, existen varias cuestiones sin resolver, como su desenmascaramiento por los signos que producen algunas enfermedades infecciosas causadas principalmente por virus. Por lo tanto, dada la relevancia clínica del tema para el médico general y para el especialista, el objetivo de esta revisión es describir no solo aspectos fisiopatológicos y clínicos de la enfermedad, sino también resaltar casos de pacientes con enfermedades infecciosas quienes posteriormente han sido diagnosticados con el síndrome de Brugada.
Neuroinfección por Vibrio cholerae no O1/ no O139 secundaria a la derivación ventriculoperitoneal. Reporte de caso
Authors: Ocampo-Alzate Julián Andrés , Botero-González Nathaly , Botero-Rojas Luz Elena , Morales-Alba Nelson
Published: May 2019

La infección de la derivación ventriculoperitoneal es una de las complicaciones más frecuentes en este procedimiento. Vibrio cholerae O1 y O139 es una bacteria gram negativa conocida principalmente por ser la responsable del cólera epidémico. No obstante, existen serotipos no O1/no O139 capaces de causar afecciones extraintestinales, entre ellas se han reportado casos de neuroinfección. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con 9 meses de edad que posterior a la colocación de una derivación ventriculoperitoneal como tratamiento de hidrocefalia obstructiva congénita, presentó un cuadro de neuroinfección y el síndrome de malfunción valvular; se pudo aislar la Vibrio cholerae no O1/ no O139 en el líquido cefalorraquídeo y en la punta del catéter. Es el primer reporte en la literatura en la que se aísla la Vibrio cholerae no O1/ no O139 en líquido cefalorraquídeo secundario a infección de una derivación ventriculoperitoneal.
Concepciones epistemológicas y didácticas de estudiantes avanzados del profesorado de educación primaria rural, en la provincia de Entre Ríos, Argentina.
Authors: Zabalegui María Fernanda , Fabro Ana Patricia
Published: May 2019

Se presentan los resultados de una investigación que tuvo como objetivos identificar y analizar las concepciones epistemológicas y didácticas de futuros profesores de educación en primaria rural, en relación con la enseñanza de las Ciencias Naturales, lo cual posibilitaría comprender las cosmovisiones que inciden, determinan y condicionan la toma de decisiones sobre el qué y el cómo enseñar. Para ello se analizan entrevistas y planificaciones de clases, las cuales se interpretan a la luz de diferentes categorías en torno a las concepciones epistemológicas absolutista, relativista y la epistemología de la complejidad; y dentro de las posturas didácticas en relación con las corrientes tradicional, tecnicista, espontaneísta o activa y modelos alternativos. Los resultados obtenidos permiten señalar que los estudiantes avanzados del profesorado de educación primaria con orientación rural poseen concepciones epistemológicas en construcción acerca del conocimiento científico que varían desde el absolutismo cuando son entrevistados, hasta el relativismo y la perspectiva de la complejidad cuando planifican sus clases. En tanto que las posturas didácticas son fuertemente activas, complementadas con posicionamientos problematizadores y por indagación, tanto en las entrevistas como en las planificaciones.
Reseña: Articulación entre la matemática y el campo de acción de la Ingeniería de Diseño de Producto. Aportes de la modelación matemática
Authors: Castrillon-Yepes Alexander
Published: May 2019

Este documento ofrece una reseña de la Tesis Doctoral titulada "Articulación entre la matemática y el campo de acción de la Ingeniería de Diseño de Producto. Aportes de la modelación matemática". La Tesis se desarrolló en el marco del Programa de Doctorado de la Universidad de Antoquia en el área de Educación Matemática. La tesis se sustentó en junio de 2016.
Horticultural and horticultural-gardening associations as a kind of a consumer cooperative in the USSR
Authors: Seregina T. S.
Published: May 2019

For the first time, horticultural and horticultural-gardening associations received their legislative consolidation in the domestic legal system in the 20s of the last century, since the first horticultural cooperative societies emerged on unoccupied lands near industrial centers. In practice, activities of horticultural and horticultural-gardening associations were regulated by special laws on horticulture, gardening, cooperation in the USSR that were further specified in the model statutes of 1956, 1966, 1985, and their formation was carried out in compliance with the situation in the country.

In the author’s view, horticultural and horticultural-gardening associations under the legislation of the Soviet period were not independent legal entities, they were referred to the consumer cooperative associations and organizations. Each cooperative association of the Soviet period was formed under the influence of a uniform economic, political and ideological situation existing in the USSR.

At present, the resolution of many legal issues still depends on the approaches applied during the Soviet period, which necessitates the introduction of significant legislative changes from January 1, 2019.
A prosecutor as a subject of an administrative offense
Authors: Osintsev D. V.
Published: May 2019

The paper considers a rather unexpected problem that is practically not discussed in the literature, i.e. the problem of considering a Prosecutor as a specific subject of an administrative offense. The current legislation provides for considering the named person not only as a subject of administrative jurisdiction, a special participant in the administrative proceedings, but also as a subject that may be held administratively responsible. Unfortunately, a special mechanism for bringing the Prosecutor to administrative responsibility is not spelled out in detail. Thus, the author proposes the options for qualifying possible offenses with his or her participation, the features of imposing certain types of penalties and transformation of both types of responsibility of prosecutors and public prosecution offices as legal entities.
Repayment of an outstanding debt trough tax receivables of the taxpayer: do we need to amend the legislation?
Authors: Efremova E. S.
Published: May 2019

The paper analyzes the use of imposing restorative measures of coercion on taxpayers having tax debts in the form of recovery of arrears from the amounts due to the outstanding debtor by his or her debtors.

The author has examined the history of the institution of foreclosure on accounts receivable of the taxpayer in the domestic tax legislation of the 20th century and at the present stage, the experience of this institution’s functioning under the laws of Kazakhstan and Belarus, has analyzed the rules governing the foreclosure on accounts receivable under the Federal Law «On Enforcement Proceedings.»

On the basis of the study, the author concludes that the current procedure for collecting receivables is ineffective and proposes to empower tax authorities to apply this measure of coercion directly to debtors are criticized, since they are not participants of tax relations.

The author suggests that the Federal Law «On Enforcement Proceedings» be supplemented with additional rules providing for the right of the bailiff to appeal to the court to recover the amount of receivables from the debtor and for the subsequent application of the general rules of enforcement proceedings to the debtor.
The Russian Cohen doctrine: problems in calculating costs and deductions in the absence of proper documentation
Authors: Popkova Zh. G.
Published: May 2019

The article provides information about a foreign judicial doctrine (the Cohen Rule) that originated in the court case of 1930 with the participation of George Cohen, Broadway Theater manager and producer. The doctrine under consideration that is still valid in the US tax law does not exclude the application of the approximate amount of taxpayer’s expenses when calculating income taxes in the absence of documents verifying expenses. It is concluded that the domestic regulatory framework applies a similar approach that envisages a fixed deduction for individual entrepreneurs under Article 221 of the Tax Code. It is proposed to introduce a similar regulatory framework for corporate income tax.
Legal problems of the Russian concept of risk-oriented approach in the area of taxation
Authors: Tasalov K. A.
Published: May 2019

A risk-oriented approach used by the Russian tax authorities for planning control activities contains a number of shortcomings that reduce its effectiveness in terms of encouraging compliance. The stages of the risk assessment process are reflected in various legal instruments that are not integrated into any system. The legal mechanism established by the tax authorities at the subordinate level to assess risks creates a prerequisite for violation of the principles of the taxes and fees legislation. This flaw is caused by the lack of differentiation of risk criteria, which leads to the intervention of regulatory authorities in the economic activities of controlled entities, regardless of their compliance with all mandatory rules. The absence of the requirement for compliance of the control activity with the identified risk allows the regulatory authorities to carry out inspections on all taxes without sufficient grounds, which is burdensome for the controlled entities. Thus, the legal structure of this approach encourages the tax authorities to employ the law enforcement practice violating the principles of neutrality of taxation and the balance of private and public interests. Based on the experience of the United Kingdom tax authority (HM Revenues & Customs) that, like the Russian tax authorities, has been using a risk-oriented approach since 2007, the author identifies the main directions of development of this approach in Russia. Among such areas, in particular, the author has highlighted: consolidation of the norms regulating the process of applying the risk-oriented approach at all stages into a single regulatory legal act of the subordinate level; elimination of latent criteria of tax risk and the framework reflection in the system of publicly available criteria of all possible risk factors identified by the tax authority; creation of guarantees ensuring protection of bona fide persons from excessive control measures.
A procedural status of a person authorized by the general meeting of owners of premises in an apartment building to represent their interests in court
Authors: Stepanov V. V.
Published: May 2019

The paper analyzes the provisions of housing and procedural legislation concerning the possibility and procedure of representation in court of the interests of the community of owners of premises in an apartment building. The relevant law enforcement practice is critically evaluated. On this basis the author determines ways to improve the procedural regulation of representation of interests of the owners of premises in an apartment building by a person appointed by the General Meeting of Owners or members of the nonprofit organization that manages the building. To this end, it is proposed to take into account the opportunities available within the framework of class actions and appeal to the court to protect the rights and legitimate interests of others.
Legislator’s error: types, reasons, ways of correction
Authors: Rarog A. I.
Published: May 2019

The paper raises the question of the inevitability not only of judicial (in specific criminal cases) errors, but also of law enforcement errors (the practice of incorrect application of the criminal law established spontaneously or at the direction of higher judicial authorities), as well as legislative errors of political, system or technical nature. Considering the specific law-making mistakes made in the norms of the General Part and in each of the structural elements of many of the norms of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the author notes the appreciable work of the legislator to eliminate errors with satisfaction. At the same time, the paper provides specific examples of errors that are repeatedly noted in the special literature, still yet to be corrected, and suggests ways to correct them, in particular, amending the Regulations of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation regarding the procedure for discussing bills.
Texts of religious nature with an extremist-terrorist focus as an object of hermeneutic research and a source of forensically significant information in judicial linguistic expertise
Authors: Nikishin V. D.
Published: May 2019

The relevance of the chosen research topic is due to the growing need of investigative and judicial practice in the research of speech works of religious discourse in connection with the rise of extremist sentiments in modern society. Despite the obvious need for expert practice in the development of scientific and methodological support for the examination of texts of religious content, to date they have been poorly studied in terms of their potential conflict. This led to the novelty of the studied topic and its practical significance.

The purpose of the work is to study the problems of using special linguistic knowledge in cases of verbal religious extremism, namely the problems of the theoretical aspect of forensic examination of religious materials (texts of religious discourse) with extremist-terrorist focus.

To accomplish the tasks, a corpus of sources on judicial linguistics (judicial verbal studies), judicial expertology, Russian and foreign legislation, international legal acts, and expert and judicial practice were used.

The author gives his own concept of the relationship between the concepts of «verbal (verbal) extremism», «hate speech» and «verbal religious extremism», highlighting the range of articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation containing offenses correlated with these phenomena.

The paper examines the problem of competence of linguistic experts involved in this category of cases, as well as the problem of the limits of their competence.
Dispute resolution by means of blockchain technology
Authors: Zasemkova O. F.
Published: May 2019

One of the most important technological advances of recent times is the blockchain technology, which is gradually gaining recognition, having a significant impact on a number of industries. At the same time, the most interesting blockchain-based technology is smart contracts, which makes it possible to get rid of intermediaries and significantly reduce the costs the parties to cross-border contracts carry. With the development of new technologies, new types of disputes appear, which can not always be resolved through existing mechanisms, such as the court or international commercial arbitration. As a result, there is a need to modify existing or introduce new mechanisms that are more suitable for resolving disputes in the global digital decentralized economy. One of these mechanisms is blockchain-arbitration. Currently, several projects of such arbitration have been developed, the most interesting of which are CodeLegit, SAMBA and Kleros, each with a certain specificity. At the same time, the Kleros project, which is an attempt to create a decentralized quasi-judicial system for resolving disputes arising from smart contracts, deserves special attention. Analyzing each of these projects, the author points out some problems that may arise when using them, and suggests ways to solve them.
Germany’s dual education system: The assessment by its subjects
Authors: Pleshakova A. Yu.
Published: May 2019

Introduction.The dual system of VET, widely practiced and popular in Germany, serves as a model for the European Union. The effectiveness of such training, successfully combining the development of theoretical knowledge with the practical activities of students, has been tested by life and time. The indisputable advantages of this system include its ability to respond quickly to the challenges of globalisation and transformation in the world of professions. In this regard, it is very important to address the socio-cultural and historical backgrounds of the dual system formation and to find out the reasons for its successful contemporary functioning.

Theaimof the present publication was to comprehend the implementation experience of theGermany’s dual system based on the opinions analysis of experts and participants of the dual education system and the feedback from the direct participants of the educational process about this method of acquiring a profession and building a career path.

Methodology and research methods.The leading research methods were questionnaire survey, comparative analysis and content analysis of empirical materials. Processing and generalisation of the detailed answers of respondents were based on the inductive method.

Results.Historical, mental, socio-economic prerequisites for the appearance and formation of the Germany’s dual education system were identified and described. The methodology and methodological tools for the comparative analysis of attitudes of educational process members (students, practitioners, experts) and their points of view concerning degree of rationality, expediency and efficiency of support and development of dual forms of vocational education. The obtained data and synthesis of evaluative judgments of informants allow us to present an objective picture of the considered option for providing the country’s economy with the necessary labour resources.

Practical significance.The materials of the article, confirming the prospects of the introduction and dissemination of the experience accumulated inGermany on the reproduction of skilled workers of enterprises, can be useful for understanding the directions of VET in other countries. Moreover, the research materials can be practically applied for the selection and creation of effective, similar to the German, mechanisms of rapid response to globalisation changes in the manufacturing sector.
Organisation of physical education at the university based on students’ constitutional types and health groups
Authors: Kolokoltsev M. M. , Ermakov S. S. , Tretyakova N. V.
Published: May 2019

Introduction.Today, the significant direction of scientific search in the field of health preservation is to study the interrelation of functional characteristics and motor skills of students of different constitutional types and health groups. Specific morphological and physiometric characteristics of an organism and belonging to a certain somatotype should be taken into account when organising physical training in higher education institutions.

Theaimof the research was to establish the degree of correlation of motor and functional characteristics of an organism of students with different constitutional types and health groups in order to improve an algorithm of planning and effective safe implementation process of physical training in a higher education institution.

Methodology and research methods.Male-students (n = 1300) aged 17-20 years old of the 1st (n = 1012) and 2nd(n = 288) functional groups of health were examined. Constitutional types were determined according to M. V. Chernorutsky’s scheme with the calculation of values of Pignet index and Robinson index. Methods of the statistical analysis with the application of StatSoft Statistica 6.1 and Microsoft Excel programmes were used to process the obtained results in the process of diagnostics. The reliability of distinctions of average values was estimated by means of parametrical methods with the calculation of Student’s t-test.

Results and scientific novelty.Motor features and functional characteristics of the cardiorespiratory system and physiometric parameters of firstand secondyear students (engaged in the programme of academic discipline “Elective Courses on Physical Culture and Sport” atIrkutskNationalResearchTechnicalUniversity) are recorded and considered. Reliable differences in the values of indicators of motor tests and functional characteristics of organisms of young people with different constitutional types are identified. In both health groups, the experiment allowed authors to reveal higher physical and functional preparedness of young men of normosthenic and asthenic constitutional types compared to their fellow hypersthenic students. Motor characteristics and functional reserve capacities of the cardiorespiratory system were higher in normosthenic and asthenic students of the 1st functional group in comparison with the representatives of the 2ndfunctional group of the same constitutional types. The conclusion is drawn on close interrelation of somatotypes with motor and functional characteristics of organisms of students engaged in physical culture.

Practical significance.The research material and results contribute to the elaboration and development of the methodology of individually differentiated physical training of students in higher education institution.
Mental Debility as the Superhero Trait of Today's Real Human in Alejandro González Iñárritu's Birdman
Authors: Izquierdo Maria
Published: May 2019

This article shows how director Alejandro González Iñárritu conflates notions of the mad-genius trope, mental illness, and the superhero in his film Birdman, exalting the mentally debilitated identity that is popular today under biocapitalism. It also explores how the film's concept of "real art" as dependent on the grotesque exhibition of mental debility is shaped by (and reinforces) our current biocapitalist notion of a real human experience.
"This is Not Normal": Ability, Gender, and Age in the Resistance to Trumpism
Authors: McDaniel Byrd , Renfro Paul M.
Published: May 2019

Since Donald Trump's formal emergence on the national political stage in 2015, many of his detractors have argued that Trump somehow belongs outside of American presidential and political history and divorced from the structural inequalities that facilitated his rise. Taking Trump as "abnormal," as the ubiquitous slogan "This is not normal" clearly does, his critics have regularly resorted to a politics of mockery, principally of pathologization, emasculation, and infantilization—fixating on his hair, hands, weight, immaturity, and even his penis size. These criticisms thereby judge Trump against a fictive, masculine, able-bodied standard of American presidential leadership, leveraging language used to stigmatize the very groups Trump's presidency stands to harm the most. The phenomenon of Trumpism, then, appears not only in the president's demagoguery, which deems certain populations suspect and deserving of surveillance, punishment, and perhaps expulsion (or even extermination); it also reveals itself in responses to such demagoguery. The present essay analyzes the ableism implicit in criticisms of Trump's masculine deficiency, physical abnormality, intellectual incapacity, and childishness. We illuminate the stakes and consequences of these criticisms and conclude by advocating for a more inclusive counterpolitics that empowers, rather than stigmatizes, the historically dispossessed groups which will suffer most acutely under Trump's revanchist regime.
A Note Towards
Authors: Kappenberg Claudia
Published: May 2019

Some reflections on the development of screendance since the launch of the International Journal of Screendance almost 10 years ago, taking the long view with regards to the relation between innovation, knowledge, history and teaching.
Charles Atlas. Edited by Lauren Wittels. Contributions by Charles Atlas, with the assistance of Johanna Fateman, Stuart Comer, Douglas Crimp, Douglas Dunn, Lia Gangitano. 2015. Munich, New York: Prestel, 303 pp, chiefly color screen stills. $75 hardcover. ISBN: 9783791381008
Authors: Bukhari Kyle
Published: May 2019

Review of Charles Atlas edited by Lauren Wittels.
Cosmoceutical and Therapeutic Potential of Isotretinoin Nanoparticulate Gel in Management of Acne
Authors: Kanoujia Jovita , Yadav Alok Kumar , Maurya Priyanka , Singh Samipta , Yadav Abhishek , Parashar Poonam
Published: May 2019

This study intended to develop and evaluate isotretinoin (ITR)
loaded nanoparticles taking chitosan as a polymer of interest. Ionic
crosslinking method was utilized to prepare nanoparticles. Nanoparticles
were formulated using varying ratios (chitosan: tripolyphosphate)
and evaluated for its size, distribution of size, zeta potential,
percentage of ITR entrapped within nanoparticles, in vitro drug
release and its stability under accelerated conditions. The prepared
nanoparticles (NPs) were spherical, white in color and free flowing,
321± 4.5 nm was the average size of optimized chitosan nanoparticles
and it was able to entrap 88.76 ± 3.5%. The outcomes assured
vast promise of the CNs of ITR (optimized) in management of acne
and also increasing the therapeutic efficacy, thus establish to be a
promising, effective and patient compliant formulation.
INTRODUCTION
Acne, a cutaneous pleomorphic condition of the pilosebaceous
unit involving sebum production rate anomaly
and described by inflammatory (pustules, nodules and
papules) as well as non-inflammatory comedones (closed
and/or open)(Knutson, 1974). Regular pus-forming
microbes Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus
epidermidis are responsible for development of many
forms of acne vulgaris(Rawat, Tripathi et al., 2015). It
is a pleomorphic disorder and can manifest at any time
during life but it most commonly occurs between ages
of 12-24 years, accounting effective 85% of population
(Cordain, Lindeberg et al., 2002). P. acne is an anaerobic
microorganismexisting in acne lesionsthat promotes
inflammation through a variety of mechanisms and
involved inproducing pro-inflammatory mediators that
diffuses through the follicle wall (Itoh, Tsuchida et al.,
2014).
Prominent in adolescence and puberty, acne is
definitely associated with function of sebaceous gland,
which stimulate higher secretion of sebum androgenically
(Singh, Gangwar et al., 2016).However, the
consequential sebaceous
Gazete Köşe Yazıları Söyleminde Süreç Seçimi: Toplumsal Cinsiyet ve Politik İdeoloji Etkisi
Authors: EKİCİ Ceyda , ERCAN Gülsüm
Published: May 2019

Bu çalışmada bir medya söylem türü olan gazete
köşe yazıları incelenerek kadın ve erkek köşe yazarlarının gerçekliğe ilişkin
zihinsel temsillerini dil dizgesine aktarımında yaptıkları süreç seçimlerinin
bir farklılık gösterip göstermediğinin ve politik ideolojinin söz konusu
seçimde bir etmen olup olmadığının ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç
doğrultusunda Dizgeci İşlevsel Dilbilgisi Kuramı temel alınarak, köşe yazıları
dilin üstişlevlerinden düşünsel üstişlevin bir alt ulamı olan yaşantısal
üstişlevin inceleme alanlarından biri olan geçişlilik dizgesi çerçevesinde
çözümlenmiş, yazar cinsiyetinin ve gazetenin benimsediği politik ideolojinin
süreç seçimindeki etkisi irdelenmiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları, kadın ve erkek
köşe yazarların gerçekliği farklı süreçler aracılığıyla kurguladığını, kadın
köşe yazarların, metinlerinde zihinsel, ilişkisel ve davranışsal süreç
türlerini, erkek köşe yazarların ise maddesel süreç türünü daha çok
yeğlediklerini göstermektedir. Ayrıca gazetenin politik ideolojisinin kadın ve erkek
köşe yazarların yaptıkları süreç seçimlerinde etkili olduğu saptanmıştır. Buna
göre Laik ve Liberal ideolojide kadın köşe yazarlar, İslami ideolojide ise
erkek köşe yazarlar ilişkisel süreçleri daha çok kullanmaktadır.
Corpus-driven Lexical Profiles of the Turkish Synonym Set Sadece, Yalnızca and Yalnız
Authors: ADIGÜZEL Muhammet Fatih
Published: May 2019

This is a corpus-driven study based on the
TNCv3.0 to identify lexical profiles of the synonym set of Turkish exclusive
adverbials sadece, yalnızca and yalnız within the framework of the Model of Extended Lexical Units (Stubbs, 2002). From the
concordances of the adverbials, their context-dependent semantic, pragmatic and
syntactic properties, co-occurrence tendencies, and synonymity levels were
identified. It was found that sadece
and yalnızca have a high contextual
and collocational equinormality and are completely intersubstitutable and complete synonyms (Lyons, 1981) with yalnızca
used less frequently. Yalnız is
polysemous and multifunctional and has a sense synonymy relation with the
others only when it means only. Even
in the sense of only, yalnız was found to be rarely used in
certain lexical bundles the other adverbials form. Yalnız was also found to have a topic shifter function. In contexts
in which yalnız means only, the three adverbials are cognitive synonyms (Cruse, 1986).
Türkçede Yakınanlamlılık ve Karşıtanlamlılık Olgusunun Derlem Temelli İncelenmesi
Authors: GÜNDOĞDU Ayşe Eda
Published: May 2019

Bu çalışmada, Türkçede aynı içlem kapsamında değerlendirilebilen
soğuk/serin/ılık/sıcak ve yüksek/alçak/uzun/kısa sıfatlarının düzanlamsal ve
değişmeceli anlamsal görünümleri arasındaki yakınanlamlılık-karşıtanlamlılık
ilişkiselliğini derlem temelli ve karşılaştırmalı olarak ortaya koymak
amaçlanmaktadır. Bu çerçevede inceleme konusu sözcüklerin gönderimsel alanı
somuttan soyuta doğru ilerledikçe, diğer bir deyişle düzanlamsal görünümlerden
değişmeceli anlam boyutuna doğru geçiş yapıldıkça, sözcüklerarası anlam
ilişkisinin hangi koşullar altında sağlanabildiği ve ne tür bağlamsal
durumlarda farklılaştığı araştırma sorusu olarak kabul edilmiştir. Çalışmada
yöntem açısından betimsel tarama kullanılmış, elde edilen sonuçlar yüzde ve
sıklık tabloları aracılığıyla yorumlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, sıfatlar arasındaki
yakınanlamlılık ve karşıtanlamlılık ilişkilerinin genel olarak düzanlamsal
düzeyde kaldığını, anlam soyutlaştıkça söz konusu ilişkilerin kurulmasının
güçleştiği gözlemlenmiştir.
Toma de decisiones de inversión mediante métodos probabilísticos
Authors: Ahumada Lerma Rafael Santiago , Pinzón Sequera Carlos Mauricio
Published: May 2019

En el artículo, se evalúa una posible inversión de forma estocástica con el propósito de mitigar riesgos y poder tomar una decisión exitosa para la compañía, dando como resultado un óptimo de la operatividad y mejorando el valor de esta. Los escenarios a evaluar serán tres, los cuales dos se diferencian en el método de financiación de compra de una maquina inyectora y el tercero será un escenario en el que no se realiza la compra. Los flujos de caja serán realizados de forma estocástica, modelando escenarios probabilísticos con Crystall Ball, herramienta que a través de simulaciones y distribuciones de probabilidad proyectan las ventas de vehículos y los costos de la materia prima que afecta la maquina en un periodo a evaluar de 48 meses.
La efectividad como componente del enfoque social en las organizaciones
Authors: Mayorga Díaz Mónica Patricia , Paucar Enríquez Liseth Karolina , Garcés Pico Arturo Fernando
Published: May 2019

La incorporación de la responsabilidad social en las organizaciones, observada desde cada una de sus dimensiones: económica, social y ambiental, es de profundo análisis dentro del direccionamiento estratégico, por lo que se considera necesaria la revisión de la dimensión financiera donde se vincule el enfoque social a la toma de decisiones gerenciales y cotidianas. Por consiguiente, el presente trabajo a través de la triangulación y valoración teórica de las aristas de investigación tiene como objetivo diseñar una herramienta de gestión que contribuya a la medición de la efectividad como aporte sustancial para la toma de decisiones.
O caráter remuneratório das recompensas dos programas de fidelidade e a discriminação do consumidor fidelizado
Authors: Rosa Luiz Carlos Goiabeira , Pamplona Naiara Guimarães , Martins Murilo Moreira
Published: May 2019

O presente trabalho objetiva abordar a relação contratual formada entre os programas de fidelidade e seus clientes associados, e bem assim evidenciar a abusividade das cláusulas que restringem a troca de pontos e milhas por produtos e serviços. Através dos métodos dedutivo e dialético, partir-se-á da generalidade das empresas desenvolverem meios cada vez mais agressivos de captação de clientes, demonstrando que os famosos pontos, milhas e vantagens não representam recompensas concedidas gratuitamente, mas sim créditos adquiridos onerosamente, ainda que de forma disfarçada, concluindo-se ao fim pela injustificada desigualdade promovida pelas empresas aos clientes fidelizados e não fidelizados, sendo aqueles inferiorizados justamente por optarem pelo programa de fidelidade.
Anti-money laundering regulation on the Brazilian art market
Authors: Machado Diogo De Oliveira
Published: May 2019

Anti-money laundering regulation on the art market, is it a friend or a foe? This research contributes new insights to test possible answers to this question through the analysis of Ordinance no. 396/2016/IPHAN, enacted in Brazil to establish compliance measures to be followed by art and antiquities dealers to control money laundering practices. A pyramidal regulatory model suggests a conjunction of self-regulatory measures, administrative sanctions and criminal penalties as useful instruments to mitigate these illicit practices. This study focuses on the administrative initiatives requiring art professionals to undertake anti-money laundering due diligence measures and it critically analyses the extent to which they may rearrange the relations between dealers and clients. The contributions of the regulatory framework are recognised in so far as it shows itself able to meet societal aspiration for a respectable art market through a shrewdly responsive intervention rather than just formal bureaucratic constraints.
Um Direito sem Estado: a noção de autonomia como fundamento da constituição jurídica medieval
Authors: Grossi Paolo , Campos Felipe Pante Leme de
Published: May 2019

O presente artigo pretende propor a noção de autonomia como chave de compreensão da constituição jurídica medieval. A proposta parte da preocupação em evitar o anacronismo da projeção de conceitos tão marcadamente modernos, como Estado e soberania, na Idade Média, isto é, de noções que tendem a absolutizar e a ver o direito como expressão de um ente político totalizante. Já a noção de autonomia, despida de todo caráter estatalista e entendida como autonomia institucional, permite uma compreensão melhor de uma experiência jurídica pluralista como a medieval, em que o direito é muito mais a ossatura invisível da sociedade e não tanto um reflexo da vontade do poder político, que, por sua vez, imersos em um tecido de relações, pouco atuavam como legisladores ou como soberanos absolutos de determinado território (o que guarda paralelismo com o caráter não absoluto do dominium medieval, instituto de direito privado).
Intraoperative Cryosurgical Freezing Assists with Local Drug Delivery and Targeting of Tumor Fluids in VX2 Model, which Translates in Locoregional Drug Targeting of Tumor Fluids during Cryoprobe-Assisted Surgical Resection of Breast Cancer
Authors: Le Pivert Patrick , Xiao Yueyong , He Xiaofeng , Dronov Olexeii , Korpan Nikolai
Published: May 2019

Background: We assess locoregional drug targeting effectiveness of intraoperative (IO) cryoprobe-assisted injection of blue dye (BD) and cytotoxic-tracer mixture (TTM), in VX2 tumor model, and its translational value to cryo-assisted breast tumor surgery with BD alone. Methods: Under computed tomography (CT) guidance, we injected two ml TTM in five aliquots in the margin of 16 frozen or normothermic VX2 tumors.  We evaluated the IO and post-operative drug targeting and therapeutic efficacy in tumor-host interface (T-HI) by CT, gross examination, and histopathology. In twenty-six T1 to T4 primary breast cancer (BRCA) we performed ultrasound-guided (US) cryoprobe-assisted tumor freezing, BD guided lymphatic mapping, and surgery. We evaluated, IO and in freshly resected specimen, BD distribution pattern in T-HI, lymph node(s), breast parenchyma, and resection cavity. Results: Fluids-impervious frozen VX2 or breast tumor transported drug(s) an arc-like pattern at T-HI regardless of freeze dose, number of freeze-thaw cycles, drug dose fractionation, tumor characteristics or dimensions. During melting, TTM spread within fifty percent VX2 tumor mirrored that of T-HI; it was massive in normothermia. In VX2 twenty percent focal margin necrosis at pathology coincided with CT gap; in both studies, BD dose-staining spread in T-HI and tumor was linear. Eighty-four patients had one to twelve stained axillary lymph nodes; sixty-nine percent and all respectively, had another quadrant and resection cavity stained. Conclusion: Intraoperative freezing-assisted drug delivery and targeting techniques during cryoablation of VX2 tumor translate successfully to locoregional BD targeting, lymphatic mapping during cryo-assisted surgery of breast cancer.  
Sintesis Nanopartikel Perak Menggunakan Ekstrak Daun Kluwak Pangium edule Reinw Sebagai Bioreduktor dan Uji Aktivitasnya Sebagai Antioksidan
Authors: Patabang Indrawati , Kasim Syahruddin , Taba Paulina
Published: May 2019

Silver nanoparticles have been synthesized using kluwak leaf extract (Pangium edule Reinw) as bioreductor and antioxidant activity assay. The nanoparticles formed were monitored by observing UV-Vis absorption and characterized by using FTIR, PSA, XRD and SEM instruments. The result of functional group characterization with FTIR show that the functional groups OH, C = O, C-O and CH2 act as Ag+ reducing agent. The size of silver nanoparticles was determined by using Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) and the result show average particle size distribution of 93.2 nm. Morphology of AgNp were observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-Ray Difraction (XRD) analysis show result of 51,78 nm. The antioxidant activity was shown by in kluwak leaf extract and silver nanoparticles with IC50 values respectively 831,33 ppm dan 1493,09 ppm.
Presenting the Fourth JDR Award
Authors: Takahashi Tomoyuki
Published: May 2019

It is our great pleasure to present the Fourth JDR Award to Professor Nobuo Shuto for his outstanding contributions to the Journal of Disaster Research (JDR) as the Honorary Editor.

Professor Shuto, Professor Emeritus of Tohoku University, is a pioneer of the theoretical study of tsunamis. He has also made a large contribution to the development of numerical simulations, visualization through computer graphics, and other critical techniques for the study and control of tsunami disasters. The development of tsunami disaster reduction and management that we have today is thanks in large part to his achievements.

On behalf of the JDR editorial board, I wish to thank Professor Nobuo Shuto for his efforts and to congratulate him as the winner of the Fourth JDR Award.
Message from the Winner
Authors: Shuto Nobuo
Published: May 2019

After the 1960 Great Chilean Tsunami, coastal dikes were remodeled and new ones constructed in Japan. In 1968, immediately after the completion of those construction and remodeling works, the Tokachi-Oki Earthquake struck, but fortunately the structures involved sustained very little damage. This led to a general feeling that it was possible to protect against the tsunamis completely by simply building coastal dikes and other defense structures. Japan did not see an increase in the number of tsunami researchers, but things were worse in the U.S. The National Science Foundation allocated its tsunami-related budget only to the NOAA, which issues tsunami forecasts, and allocated the rest of the budget entirely to ocean development. This situation continued until the 1983 Nihonkai-Chubu Earthquake Tsunami struck. In 1992, there was a tsunami earthquake off the coast of Nicaragua. Following that, research was conducted based on international cooperation through fax communications. Then cooperative international research continued to be done on tsunamis such as the 1992 Flores Tsunami, the 1993 Hokkaido Nansei-Oki Earthquake Tsunami, and the 1996 Irian Jaya Tsunami. However, their findings were provided only through Proceedings of the International Tsunami Symposium every two years, and most of the findings were limited to factual information about tsunamis.

Requests for information on tsunamis rapidly increased after the 2004 Great Indian Ocean Tsunami, information not only on the tsunami itself but also on tsunami countermeasures. It was when JDR made its appearance. The JDR disseminated the latest information for practical use. It also benefitted those who were the sources of information, as they no longer had to deal with the frustration of having to wait for conferences held only every two years. In addition, the JDR reviews submissions much more quickly than do other journals. Tsunamis, such as the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake Tsunami and the 2018 Sulawesi Earthquake Tsunami, continue to strike. As a platform for sharing knowledge related to reconstruction and countermeasures, as well as to tsunamis themselves, the importance the JDR is growing.

This is why you are encouraged to contribute to the JDR.
Development of a Data Sharing System for Japan Volcanological Data Network
Authors: Ueda Hideki ,   National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED) 3-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan, Yamada Taishi , Miwa Takahiro , Nagai Masashi , Matsuzawa Takanori
Published: May 2019

In Japan, a number of universities, research institutes, and administrative organizations continue to conduct observations on volcanoes according to their respective roles. They also promote the distribution and sharing of observation data and have collaborated with each other. Japan Volcanological Data Network (JVDN) is a framework that strengthens this cooperation, promotes volcano research, and contributes to volcanic disaster mitigation. In this paper, we report the overview, progress, tasks, and future prospects of the system being developed for JVDN that was initiated in 2016. The observational data collected from each organization is stored in a database and shared using visualization tools to promote collaborative research, (e.g., multi-disciplinary research for eruption prediction) and cooperation between organizations. Furthermore, this database will contribute to volcanic disaster mitigation measures through collaboration between the volcano research community and administrative organizations responsible for volcanic crisis management. Adaptation to the standards of the international WOVOdat database will also promote cooperation with research institutes worldwide.
Weather Conditions and Warm Air Masses in Southern Sakha During Active Forest Fire Periods
Authors: Hayasaka Hiroshi , Yamazaki Koji , Naito Daisuke ,   Arctic Research Center, Hokkaido University N21 W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan,   Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan,   Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor, Indonesia
Published: May 2019

Forest fires are a common and destructive natural disaster in Russia. Weather conditions during active forest fire periods in southern Sakha (Eastern Siberia) at high latitudes (58–65°N, 120–140°E) were evaluated. Periods of high fire activity during 2002 to 2016 were identified using MODIS (moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer) hotspot data by considering the number of daily hotspots and their continuity. Weather conditions during the top seven periods of high fire activity were analyzed using atmospheric reanalysis data for upper (500 hPa) and lower levels (925 hPa). Our results showed that active fires occurred under varied weather conditions and it was difficult to find common weather patterns at both upper- and lower-levels during the seven most active fire periods. Furthermore, it was apparent that the northward movement of warm air masses (cTe: continental temperate) from lower latitudes (∼40°N) toward southern Sakha tended to exacerbate fires mainly due to strong wind conditions during the seven most active fire periods. In particular, on peak hotspot days, warm air masses from the south existed commonly near southern Sakha. This northward movement of warm air masses can be used to forecast fire and predict future fires in the region.
Stability of empathy scores between first- and fourth-year medical students: A longitudinal study at a Japanese medical school
Authors: Nakanishi Toshimi , Ito Hirotaka
Published: May 2019

Background: In medical practice, a relationship of trust between doctors and patients is essential. An important part of building and maintaining this relationship is empathy. Prior studies have suggested that empathy in medical students declined around the fourth year. The purpose of this study is to verify the decrease of empathy and gain further insights into empathy factors.
Methods: This longitudinal study of undergraduate medical students was conducted through a self-administered, 20-item survey, using a 5-point Likert scale. First (n=105) and fourth (n=62) year students at Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine in Japan were assessed for empathy using the Japanese version of the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSPE). Total empathy scores were calculated, and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to reveal the underlying factors of the Japanese version of JSPE. Finally, logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the presence of any relationships between attributes such as gender-related differences, age, school year, and experience as a patient.
Results: In total, 234 participants were contacted, of whom 167 responded (71.3%). No decrease of mean empathy scores was shown between first-year (66.4) and fourth-year students (68.4). Factor analysis identified four factors: “building good patient-doctor relationship,” “importance of empathetic care,” “understanding patients’ view,” and “compassionate care.” A weak correlation (r = - 0.271) was observed between “understanding patients’ view” and “importance of empathetic care.” The odds ratio of females in “understanding patients’ view” and “compassionate care” was significantly higher (p<0.05) than in males. For “compassionate care,” statistically significant differences were noted for gender (p < 0.05) and age (p< 0.05) and the effect of gender being larger than age.
Conclusions: This longitudinal cohort study in one medical school in Japan showed that empathy scores of first- and fourth-year students did not decrease, and the contribution of “compassionate care” was lowest of the four factors. The results imply the necessity to provide a program that enables preclinical medical students to understand the significance of emotional empathy and express it before they appear for computer-based testing (CBT) and objective structured clinical examination (OBCE) in their fourth year.