bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
No viral no justice: is it a principle of social justice? (Study of viral cases on social media in Indonesia)
Authors: Kharisma Dona Budi
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aims to analyze the impact of the virality of legal cases on social media on law enforcement. This research also aims to find a balance between virality and the value of justice in society so that it can have a positive impact on law enforcement.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach used in this research is a case approach. The case approach is used by analyzing the law enforcement process carried out by the police to the judge’s considerations (ratio dedicendi) in deciding legal cases that went viral on social media. The cases that became the research object were determined through the purposive sampling method.

Findings

The no viral no justice phenomenon is a form of community sympathy and concern in the digital space for injustice in the law enforcement process. As one of the countries with the largest number of social media users in the world, Indonesia has the potential for digital space to form large collective movements and contribute to upholding justice in a practical way. On the positive side, no viral no justice has succeeded in speeding up the law enforcement process and creating a transparent law enforcement process. From the negative side, no viral no justice does not guarantee and does not provide legal certainty and justice in the legal process (due process of law) because the law is influenced by strong public pressure.

Research limitations/implications

This research examines several legal cases that attracted public attention and went viral through the digital space in Indonesia.

Practical implications

The results of this research are useful for finding a balance between the principle of virality and the value of justice in society so that the no viral no justice phenomenon has a positive impact on law enforcement.

Social implications

For the community, the results and recommendations in this study can create and strengthen civic engagement in the law enforcement process through digital space. For law enforcers, especially police, prosecutors and judges, it is hoped that the results of this study will improve the quality of fair, transparent, fast and impartial law enforcement.

Originality/value

This research identifies and analyzes several legal cases that have gone viral so that the influence of the virality of legal cases and public pressure on law enforcement can be found.
A Dialectical Perspective on Reflective Function and the Concept of Compensation in Jung
Authors: Vecchiato Ignazio , Gazzotti Simona
Published: December 2024

The construct of mentalization has a growing resonance in the theoretical and clinical spheres across different clinical and psychotherapeutic approaches, including that of analytical psychology. The aim of this paper is to relate the Reflective Function to the concept of Compensation, as it was re‐invented by Jung (1914). Beginning with the original reading proposed by Jung in his work about the “interpretation of Daniel’s interpretation” of Nebuchadnezzar’s dream, the authors go so far as to propose that the interpretation of dreams can be a method for critical confrontation with oneself. In this perspective, the reflective function and the compensation principle can be considered as promoters of a critical (re)view of one’s own assumptions/attitudes through confrontation with other points of view. This critical (re)view must be conducted first of all in the interior life of the person. In clinical practice, reflective function and the concept of compensation serve as essential tools for seeing differently and reshaping one’s understanding of self and others. A brief “modern” clinical case is provided to illustrate the practical application and therapeutic value of this approach.
The Alchemy of Narcissism: Depression, Regression, and the Lesser Coniunctio
Authors: Phillips Max
Published: December 2024

While C. G. Jung largely eschewed the term “narcissism” following his split with Freud, his writings describe in archetypal language conditions that closely resemble narcissistic disorders. One such archetype, the puer æternus, appears phenomenologically similar to clinical descriptions of Heinz Kohut, in particular his case of “Mr. Z”, and what has been termed elsewhere as hyper‐vigilant (as opposed to oblivious) narcissism. While narcissism as a concept has been addressed at length in post‐Jungian literature, this paper uses Kohut's case as a starting point to explore the corresponding alchemical process of life‐renewal, the ambivalence of regression, and the dangers of the lesser coniunctio, or the archetypal basis of the weak ego's desire for incest with the collective unconscious in the form of the Great/Terrible Mother. It also addresses the clinical relevance of this topic when working with the individual who fits Kohut's description of Tragic Man, or Jung's puer æternus.
NF‐κB/Relish readjusts miR‐100 expression and recovers immune homeostasis in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Yao Xiaolong , Lin Lu , Ye Zifeng , Huo Miaomiao , Jin Ping , Ma Fei
Published: December 2024

The regulation and maintenance of immune homeostasis are essential for animal survival, but the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we used the model organism Drosophila melanogaster to uncover a potential mechanism by which the nuclear factor‐κB transcription factor Relish and miR‐100 cooperatively regulate innate immune homeostasis. We first demonstrated in vitro and in vivo that miR‐100 can negatively regulate the immune responses of the Imd pathway by inhibiting the expression of TAK1‐associated binding protein 2 (Tab2) gene. Second, we found that Relish, an important transcription factor in the Drosophila Imd pathway, could not only modulate the expressions of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to promote immune responses, but also bind to the promoter region of miR‐100 and activate its transcription to inhibit immune responses. Third, the dynamic expression of genes profiling indicated that the Relish/miR‐100/Tab2 regulatory axis could contribute to innate immune homeostasis in Drosophila. Together, our findings reveal the dual role of Relish in immune regulation, that is, Relish promotes the expression of AMPs to resist pathogen infection in the early immune response, while in the late immune stages, Relish readjusts the expression of miR‐100 to negatively control immune responses to avoid excessive immunity thus maintaining immunohomeostasis. Meanwhile, our study provides a new perspective for further understanding the complex regulatory mechanism of immune homeostasis in animals.
To analyze the efficacy and safety of plasma exchange in the treatment of anti‐NMDA receptor encephalitis
Authors: Li Jing , Huang Binghai , Lao Qifang , Zou Longtao , Xie Kaiqing
Published: December 2024

Introduction

To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of plasma exchange (PE) in the treatment of glucocorticoid‐insensitive patients with serum anti‐N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (anti‐NMDA) receptor antibody‐negative and serum anti‐NMDA receptor antibody‐positive encephalitis.

Methods

The clinical data of 20 patients with anti‐NMDA receptor antibody encephalitis treated between January 2015 and December 2022 were collected. The general information, clinical symptoms, auxiliary examination, treatment (hormone, PE, etc.), adverse reactions, clinical efficacy, and other related data were retrospectively compared and analyzed.

Results

A total of 8 cases had adverse reactions (9.76%, 8/82), including 4 cases (4.88%, 4/82) of allergy and 2 cases (2.44%,2/82) of thrombocytopenia. In patients with anti‐NMDA receptor antibody encephalitis who were not sensitive to glucocorticoids, the effective rate of PE was 80.0% (p = 0.0005).

Conclusion

PE combined with glucocorticoid is more effective than glucocorticoid alone in the treatment of anti‐NMDA receptor antibody encephalitis patients with positive or negative anti‐NMDA receptor antibodies. Most adverse reactions were mild and easy to manage. It does not cause obvious blood cell loss. PE is a safe and acceptable treatment. However, our study has limitations, and due to the small number of people and the fact that plasmapheresis was performed after glucocorticoid therapy, further prospective clinical studies are warranted.
Effects of Livestock Grazing on Spatiotemporal Interactions Between Snow Leopards and Ungulate Prey
Authors: Xu Kai , Xiao Wenhong , Hu Dazhi , Holyoak Marcel , Ji Chengpeng , Zhang Juntao , Ma Duifang , Xiao Zhishu
Published: December 2024

Spatiotemporal interactions between predators and prey are central to maintaining sustainable functioning ecosystems and community stability. For wild ungulates and their predators, livestock grazing is an important anthropogenic disturbance causing population declines and modifying their interactions over time and space. However, it is poorly understood how fine‐scale grazing affects the spatiotemporal responses of predators, prey, and their interactions. Two opposing hypotheses describe a dichotomy of possible effects. The human shield hypothesis states that people can protect prey because predators avoid areas with high human‐induced mortality risk, whereas in the human competitor hypothesis, humans compete for prey and negatively impact predators through reduced prey availability. We used camera‐trapping data from the Gansu Qilianshan National Nature Reserve in Northwest China to measure occupancy, daily activity patterns, and spatiotemporal interactions between snow leopards (Panthera uncia), the dominant predator, and their ungulate prey in areas with contrasting grazing intensities. The results of grazing were consistent with both the human‐shield and human‐competitor hypotheses, affecting spatiotemporal patterns and interactions of predators and prey. For the primary prey species, blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur), their spatial and temporal patterns were affected by grazing, which led to a reduction in interaction frequencies with snow leopards. For secondary prey, grazing led to reduced interaction frequencies with snow leopards for white‐lipped deer (Przewalskium albirostris) and red deer (Cervus yarkandensis), but increased frequencies for alpine musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster). Our results indicate how both competition among livestock and prey and predator or prey avoidance of grazed areas can impact populations and predator–prey interactions. Our findings are relevant to grazing management and snow leopard conservation.
Optimal allocation of resources between control and surveillance for complex eradication scenarios
Authors: Parsa Mahdi , Ramsey David , Barnes Belinda
Published: December 2024

To ensure the success of complex invasive‐species eradication programs across large areas, efficient and effective resource allocation is crucial. This study incorporates analytical Bayesian solutions and measures of uncertainty into a framework of progressive management to guide optimal resource allocation between control (mop‐ups) and surveillance programs.

Shannon entropy is used to quantify uncertainty, accounting for often highly skewed and bimodal distributions, and the expected value of perfect information (EVPI) is incorporated to assess the potential benefits of reducing uncertainty in key model parameters.

Results demonstrate that strategies that hedge against uncertainty can improve the robustness of management outcomes substantially with only marginal increases in expected costs, and EVPI analysis identifies conditions under which investment into control or surveillance becomes worthwhile.

By systematically integrating uncertainty measures into the decision‐making process, this study provides a framework that leads to more reliable outcomes from eradication programs implemented progressively over large areas.
Ten practical guidelines for microclimate research in terrestrial ecosystems
Authors: De Frenne Pieter , Beugnon Rémy , Klinges David , Lenoir Jonathan , Niittynen Pekka , Pincebourde Sylvain , Senior Rebecca A. , Aalto Juha , Chytrý Kryštof , Gillingham Phillipa K. , Greiser Caroline , Gril Eva , Haesen Stef , Kearney Michael , Kopecký Martin , le Roux Peter C. , Luoto Miska , Maclean Ilya , Man Matěj , Penczykowski Rachel , van den Brink Liesbeth , Van de Vondel Stijn , De Pauw Karen , Lembrechts Jonas J. , Kemppinen Julia , Van Meerbeek Koenraad
Published: December 2024

Most biodiversity dynamics and ecosystem processes on land take place in microclimates that are decoupled from the climate as measured by standardised weather stations in open, unshaded locations. As a result, microclimate monitoring is increasingly being integrated in many studies in ecology and evolution.

Overviews of the protocols and measurement methods related to microclimate are needed, especially for those starting in the field and to achieve more generality and standardisation in microclimate studies.

Here, we present 10 practical guidelines for ground‐based research of terrestrial microclimates, covering methods and best practices from initial conceptualisation of the study to data analyses.

Our guidelines encompass the significance of microclimates; the specifics of what, where, when and how to measure them; the design of microclimate studies; and the optimal approaches for analysing and sharing data for future use and collaborations. The paper is structured as a chronological guide, leading the reader through each step necessary to conduct a comprehensive microclimate study. At the end, we also discuss further research avenues and development in this field.

With these 10 guidelines for microclimate monitoring, we hope to stimulate and advance microclimate research in ecology and evolution, especially under the pressing need to account for buffering or amplifying abilities of contrasting microhabitats in the context of global climate change.
Stress and coping in Australian male farmers
Authors: Mitten Michele Anne , Molenberghs Pascal
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Farmers face high levels of stress, often related to unique farming industry stressors. Coping strategies in dealing with stress, can be less (avoidant) or more (approach) effective. No previous research has investigated coping strategies across a range of farming‐specific stressors.

Objective

To determine levels of stress in various categories and the relationship between these stressors and coping strategies used.

Design

Cross‐sectional survey, using self‐report questionnaire. Independent variables included five stressor categories, and two types of coping.

Participants

One hundred and twenty‐five rural male farmers, over 18 years of age, across Australia.

Main Outcome Measures

Demographic data were collected in addition to responses regarding stress and coping. The Australian Family Farming Stressor Scale, comprising five stressor categories, measured the stressors unique to Australian farming. The Brief COPE (B‐COPE) measured approach and avoidant coping strategies.

Results

A total of 125 responses to the survey were analysed, with ages ranging from 19 to 84. While varying levels of stress were found in all stressor categories, Daily Stressors rated highest, followed by Financial Stressors. Higher levels of avoidant coping were utilised for Family Stressors, whereas higher levels of approach coping were utilised for farm‐related stressors.

Conclusions

Findings indicate that the rating of stressors may be determined by current affairs, such as Daily Stressors rating highest. This could be due to the lack of available workforce during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Furthermore, coping strategy findings could better inform clinical practice in assisting farmers in utilising their approach coping skills across all stressors.
Baseline characteristics of patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy in Australia: analysis from the MYelopathy NAtural History registry
Authors: Najib Nashwa , Yataganbaba Alper , Briggs Nancy E. , Ghahreman Ali , Mobbs Ralph , Rao Prashant J. , Hansen Mitchell , Davies Mark , Kohan Saeed , Kulkarni Vinay , Sial Alisha , Ambikaipalan Anuruthran , Diwan Ashish D.
Published: December 2024

Background

Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy (DCM) is the most common cause of non‐traumatic, chronic spinal cord dysfunction worldwide, causing debilitating disability with a diminishing quality of life. The natural history of DCM is poorly understood. This is a preliminary report of the first 60 patients recruited to the MYelopathy NAtural History (MYNAH) Registry.

Methods

MYNAH Registry is an investigator‐initiated, multicenter, prospective, non‐interventional, longitudinal, national observational study (Registry ID ACSQHC‐ARCR‐258). Given the observational nature of the Registry, participants' clinical management plan is neither changed nor affected. Participants are recruited via an opt‐in approach. A patient with DCM diagnosed by a spine/neurosurgeon after 1st January 2018 onwards is eligible to participate regardless of their surgical status. The Patient‐Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) are NDI, EQ5D5L and EQ‐VAS; and the Practitioner‐Reported Outcome Measures (PrROMs) are mJOA Score and Nurick Grade.

Results

Sixty participants (n = 60) have now been recruited of which male participants 34 (56.7%) and females are 26 (43.3%), with a mean age of 62.3 years (SD 14.1) and biospecimens for Proteomics have been collected from 33 (66%) participants. The median mJOA Score was 16.5 (8–18), with myelopathy severity recorded as mild in 42 (70%), moderate in 13 (21.7%) and severe in 5 (8.3%) participants. Median Nurick Grade 0 (0–5), NDI 14 (0–45), EQ5D5L Score 0.850 (−0.288–1) and EQ‐VAS 70 (10–96).

Conclusions

The MYNAH National DCM Registry in Australia is a novel spinal surgical initiative, that will inform the decision(s) to proceed with the scientific, evidence‐based and personalised management of DCM globally in the future.
Cheers to tomorrow? Alcohol use predicts poorer mood and well‐being the next day in young adults
Authors: Gawn Jenna , Cooper Jack R. H. , Fletcher Benjamin D. , Conner Tamlin S.
Published: December 2024

Alcohol use is embedded within university culture. While the consequences of alcohol use on next‐day physical health are well‐known, less is known about the consequences to next‐day emotional health. This study investigated the relationship between alcohol use and next‐day mood and well‐being using two daily diary studies with New Zealand university students. Participants completed a daily diary for 13 days (Study 1, n = 1114; 30.6% men, Mage = 19.6) or 7 days (Study 2, n = 212; 24.5% men, Mage = 19.4) where they reported previous night's alcohol consumption and sleep quality, along with today's mood and well‐being. Night‐time alcohol consumption was categorised into low‐risk (women 1–4 drinks, men 1–5 drinks), medium‐risk (women 5–9 drinks, men 6–11 drinks) and high‐risk (women 10+ drinks, men 12+ drinks) according to New Zealand public health guidelines. Across both studies, medium‐ and especially high‐risk drinking, but not low‐risk drinking, was associated with lower next‐day positive mood and well‐being compared to nondrinking days. Poorer sleep quality partially accounted for the relationship of drinking with next‐day mood and well‐being in Study 1, but less so in Study 2. Findings suggest that interventions could promote lower risk drinking behaviours to benefit students' well‐being.
Failed schemes of relatedness in domestic work: Filipina domestic workers in Greece
Authors: Topali Pinelopi
Published: December 2024

This article examines the development of Filipina domestic workers' ideas regarding their work, as well as the relational models of work they apply in Greek households during their stay in the country over time. These models are produced in the context of an ambivalent legal environment, are constructed in relation to models applied by employers and are informed by Filipino ideas concerning reciprocity and the relational construction of power. Inside the Greek household and its hierarchical structures all these Filipino working models fail, confirming the resilience of the private/public split as Filipina domestic workers finally move from live‐in to live‐out work.
Aquatic Compared With Land‐Based Exercises on Gross Motor Function of Children/Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review With Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Pauluka Elton , Ceolin Luize Souto , Fontanela Laís Coan , dos Santos Adriana Neves
Published: December 2024

Aim

This study aimed to compare gross motor function between aquatic‐ and land‐based exercises in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP).

Methods

The authors conducted an electronic search of nine databases from their inception to 21 November 2024 (PROSPERO registration: CRD42020194121). Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials involving aquatic‐based exercises for children and adolescents with CP, assessing gross motor function using standardized scales or tests. Three authors independently extracted data using a predetermined Excel form. The risk of bias was assessed with the PEDro scale. The body of evidence was synthesized using the GRADE approach. Meta‐analysis was conducted using the Revman 5.3 program.

Results

A total of 369 children aged 2–18 years from 15 studies were included. Most participants were ambulatory and classified as having spastic hemiparetic or diparetic CP. The majority of studies had a high risk of bias and small sample sizes. Aquatic‐based exercises were categorized as aquatic physical therapy, Halliwick, swimming exercises, gait training and exercises. Low‐quality evidence indicated that aquatic physical therapy resulted in higher gross motor function than land‐based exercises (SMD = 0.47, n = 93, 4 trials, I2 = 5%, p = 0.03), with a small effect size. No significant differences were found for Halliwick or swimming exercises.

Interpretation

There is low‐quality evidence, because of high risk of bias, imprecision and inconsistency, suggesting that aquatic‐based exercises are comparable with land‐based exercises. Future research should focus on well‐designed interventions with adequate sample sizes to compare the combination of aquatic‐ and land‐based therapies with land‐based therapy alone.
Family Media Practices in a Post‐Pandemic Future: Conversations From a Transglobal Research Project
Authors: Coulter Natalie , García‐Gómez Diana Carolina , Healy Sarah , Jeong Hyeon‐Seong , Mauk Maureen , Sheppard Lindsay C. , Willett Rebekah , Zhao Xinyu ‘Andy’
Published: December 2024

This article is co‐written by a team of researchers who worked together during the pandemic to conduct parallel research projects in their home countries, collectively referencing the project as Children, Media and Pandemic Parenting. Our article consists of a series of curated thought pieces, drawing on interviews with parents in Australia, Canada, China, Colombia, South Korea and the United States. The pieces consider how family media practices gained greater degrees of nuance during the pandemic through an examination of four interlinked themes: Screen time, creativity, schooling and regulation. We discuss how the intensified presence of digital technologies in domestic life was accompanied by an intensified sense of parental responsibility, creating undue pressure to make the ‘right’ decisions while often feeling ill‐equipped to do so. We argue that parents could be better supported to make considered choices about media practices in the home if responsibilities were more widely distributed to include the likes of cultural institutions and, where appropriate (e.g., in the instance of tech companies), regulated by Government. Ideally, this support would be accompanied by the development of a range of tools that are responsive to the complex and evolving needs of families.
Automated Segmentation of Graft Material in 1‐Stage Sinus Lift Based on Artificial Intelligence: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Xi Yue , Li Xiaoxia , Wang Zhikang , Shi Chuanji , Qin Xiaoru , Jiang Qifeng , Yang Guoli
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Accurate assessment of postoperative bone graft material changes after the 1‐stage sinus lift is crucial for evaluating long‐term implant survival. However, traditional manual labeling and segmentation of cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) images are often inaccurate and inefficient. This study aims to utilize artificial intelligence for automated segmentation of graft material in 1‐stage sinus lift procedures to enhance accuracy and efficiency.

Materials and Methods

Swin‐UPerNet along with mainstream medical segmentation models, such as FCN, U‐Net, DeepLabV3, SegFormer, and UPerNet, were trained using a dataset of 120 CBCT scans. The models were tested on 30 CBCT scans to evaluate model performance based on metrics including the 95% Hausdorff distance, Intersection over Union (IoU), and Dice similarity coefficient. Additionally, processing times were also compared between automated segmentation and manual methods.

Results

Swin‐UPerNet outperformed other models in accuracy, achieving an accuracy rate of 0.84 and mean precision and IoU values of 0.8574 and 0.7373, respectively (p < 0.05). The time required for uploading and visualizing segmentation results with Swin‐UPerNet significantly decreased to 19.28 s from the average manual segmentation times of 1390 s (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Swin‐UPerNet exhibited high accuracy and efficiency in identifying and segmenting the three‐dimensional volume of bone graft material, indicating significant potential for evaluating the stability of bone graft material.
The Use of Long‐Term Monthly Basiliximab Infusions as Rescue Maintenance Immunosuppression in Pancreas Transplant Recipients
Authors: Chen Jeanne M. , Mangus Richard S. , Sharfuddin Asif A. , Powelson John A. , Yaqub Muhammad S. , Adebiyi Oluwafisayo O. , Jan Muhammad Y. , Lutz Andrew J. , Fridell Jonathan A.
Published: December 2024

This single‐center retrospective study was designed to evaluate the use of basiliximab as an alternative rescue maintenance immunosuppression in situations where standard maintenance immunosuppression is not tolerated after a pancreas transplant. All pancreas transplants performed between January 11, 2006, and January 6, 2022, were reviewed. All recipients received rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG) induction with tacrolimus + sirolimus maintenance for simultaneous pancreas and kidney (SPK) and additional low‐dose mycophenolic acid for pancreas transplant alone (PTA). Basiliximab 40mg IV q 4 weeks was either added to or in replacement of adjunct immunosuppression in cases of medication intolerance. All recipients who received ≥3 months of basiliximab with ≥1 year follow‐up were included. 29/557 (5.2%) recipients (5 SPK and 24 PTA) were identified. Median time to switch was 13 months. When compared 1:2 to matched controls on standard immunosuppression, there was no difference in pancreas rejection, allograft loss, or mortality. Eleven recipients had 13 episodes of pancreas rejection at a median of 28 months post conversion. Eight pancreas allografts failed at a median of 28 months post conversion, and there were five deaths—all occurring in PTA, 4/5 occurring ≥1 year after discontinuation of basiliximab. Renal allograft rejection occurred in one SPK and there was one renal allograft loss. Five PTA developed renal failure. Ten remain on basiliximab (2/5 SPK, 8/24 PTA) at a median of 44 months with good pancreas and kidney function; 4 pts > 4 years. Basiliximab can be considered an alternative rescue maintenance strategy in pancreas transplant recipients who failed other conventional agents.
Communicating Through Sound in Museums: A Genre‐Based Framework
Authors: Cortez Alcina
Published: December 2024

Sound, often perceived as intangible, is now increasingly recognized as a tangible entity, sparking significant research interest. Museum practitioners and curators are particularly drawn to sound's interactional prospects, its expressive capabilities, and its ability to convey meaning, whether in representational, emotional, aesthetic/hedonistic, or sensorial terms. I initially proposed a typology that classifies multimodal museum practices centered on sound. This was the focal point of my article Museums as Sites for Displaying Sound Materials: A Five‐Use Framework (Cortez 2022), where I delineated five categories—each pinpointing a distinct area of practice. The present article introduces two revisions. Firstly, it expands this theoretical framework by introducing two additional categories. Secondly, it further solidifies the entire framework by adopting a genre‐based approach, inspired by Michael Halliday's functional grammar. My insights into each category are illustrated with real‐world‐examples from the 104 exhibitions I have visited, showcasing sound in various creative ways.
Re‐Investigating the UIP Hypothesis: Recent Evidence From BRICS Economies
Authors: Bhatia Madhur
Published: December 2024

The study re‐investigates the existence of the Uncovered interest parity (UIP) hypothesis and substantially adds to the literature by offering the most recent evidence during the period from 2000 to 2022 from developing and emerging economies. The study further augments the literature by extending the standard UIP hypothesis to account for the monetary policy stance and risk premium. The estimates of nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) and component generalised autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (C‐GARCH) show that the UIP hypothesis does not exist in any of the BRICS economies. Nevertheless, after accounting for the risk premium and monetary policy stance using inflation levels, the interest rate differential significantly and positively influences the expected changes in the spot exchange rates. This indicates three important aspects: first, the necessity of risk premium to make up for the higher risk that comes with holding the foreign bond for the benefit of domestic investors. Second that the UIP puzzle does not hold, such that higher interest differential depreciates the domestic currency. Third, the analysis underscores the substantial and direct impact of US inflation level, particularly for Brazil, Russia and India, in determining the changes in the spot exchange rate. These insights hold crucial implications for policymakers and regulators.
Tip efficiency of a customized lingual appliance: Performance of wires with two different ligatures
Authors: Drago Sara , Lagazzo Alberto , De Mari Anna , Rizzi Luigi , Stradi Roberto , Menini Maria , Migliorati Marco
Published: December 2024

Tip control in lingual orthodontics may be challenging because of the presence of a vertical slot and the particular configuration of the customized appliances. The aim of this in vitro experimental study was to investigate the role of the ligature–wire–slot system in achieving better tip control. A set of customized lingual brackets was obtained for a dedicated typodont made of extracted human teeth. A compression/traction machine tested two types of ligatures in combination with seven different wires, and the tipping angle of each configuration was derived. A statistically significant difference was found between ligatures when the complete set of data was tested. In addition, differences between ligatures were found when testing each wire separately. A statistically significant difference was found among all wires. Full‐size wires showed the smallest angles, which correspond to the greatest efficiency of the slot–archwire–ligation system in terms of tip control, and this efficiency appeared to be ligature‐related. The role played by the type of ligature was more relevant for undersized wires.
Clinical and Biochemical Efficacies of Green and White Tea Extract Mouthwashes in the Management of Plaque‐Induced Gingivitis
Authors: Kose Oguz , Sarac Gul Yagmur , Altin Ahmet , Bostan Semih Alperen , Faiz Ozlem , Akyildiz Kerimali , Yilmaz Adnan
Published: December 2024

Objective

In this clinical study, chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) was chosen as the positive control group, and the clinical and biochemical efficacy of mouthwashes with green tea, white tea and essential oil (EO) as the active ingredients were aimed to be examined comprehensively.

Methods

A total of 112 participants with gingivitis were randomly assigned to four different groups and different mouthwashes were used for 4 weeks: CHX‐MW group (as a positive control group), EO‐MW group, GT‐MW group and WT‐MW group. The effects of the mouthwashes on plaque, inflammation and dental staining were evaluated by indexed scores at the beginning and 4th week. Markers related to gingival inflammation and oxidative stress were evaluated on samples from the gingival crevicular fluid.

Results

In the 4th week, significant improvements in clinical parameters were found in all groups (p < 0.05) with the more pronounced improvement in the CHX‐MW group (p < 0.05). However, only the CHX caused a significant discolouration of both teeth and tongue (p < 0.05). The levels of IL‐1β and MMP‐8 were found to be lower in all groups compared to the first measurements (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the antioxidant effect of EO mouthwash was found significantly low compared to the other three mouthwashes (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Green and white tea extracts provided clinical benefits in the short term (1 month) with no statistical difference from each other and mouthwash with EO as the active ingredient while they provided a lower clinical benefit compared to CHX. Products with tea as the active ingredient may be an alternative to EO mouthwash for short‐term and long‐term use.
The Predictive Effects of L2 Writing Anxiety on Motivational Regulation Strategies: A Person‐Centered Approach
Authors: Huang Zhenlei , Hu Xinjian , Jin Hui
Published: December 2024

Using a person‐centered approach, the present study aimed to investigate the potential profiles of motivational regulation strategies for writing (MRSW) and examine the predictive effect of L2 writing anxiety on the membership of MRSW profiles. Data were collected from a sample of 604 secondary school students with two questionnaires. The Second Language Writing Strategies for Motivational Regulation Questionnaire (L2WSMRQ) was employed to identify the possible MRSW profiles, and the Second Language Writing Anxiety Inventory (SLWAI) was administered to reveal the association between these profiles and L2 writing anxiety among this population. Three distinct profiles (i.e., low, medium, and high MRSW profile) were identified via latent profile analysis. Multinomial logistic regression revealed that cognitive anxiety and avoidance behavior served as effective predictors of the membership of MRSW profiles. These findings may shed light on the heterogeneous configuration patterns of strategy use in EFL writing and provide practical implications for practitioners and researchers aiming to offer personalized instructions tailored to different profiles and anxiety levels.
Satisfaction with social care in the UK: Assessing the interactive effects of age and ideology
Authors: Kevins Anthony , Lightman Naomi
Published: December 2024

Social care is a pressing policy issue in the UK, where it is widely acknowledged that the status quo—including who pays, profits, and receives/delivers care—is unsustainable. Yet we know relatively little about the factors shaping satisfaction with the current system, as most prior research has been either descriptive in nature or focused on assessing funding priorities. This study investigates determinants of social care satisfaction for the UK general population, paying particular attention to the potentially interactive effect of age and ideology. Using 2012–2019 BSA Survey data, we find that middle‐aged respondents are particularly dissatisfied with social care, but that ideology complicates this dynamic: while conservatives were broadly more satisfied with social care than progressives, this ideology effect disappears among older respondents. This result is largely driven by a modest increase in satisfaction among older progressives—though satisfaction remains low even among comparatively more satisfied groups.
Rationales for service user participation in social care: A regulatory perspective
Authors: Dolev Hilla , Benish Avishai
Published: December 2024

This study examined the regulator's perspective on service user participation in social care. To date, empirical research has focused on the participatory methods themselves rather than on regulators' motivations for using them. Drawing on case studies of social care regulators in England (Care Quality Commission), Australia (Aged Care Quality and Safety Commission), and Sweden (Health and Social Care Inspectorate), we identified three distinct rationales for promoting service user participation: gaining public trust and legitimacy, improving regulatory processes, and empowering service users. Each rationale embeds different underlying assumptions about the contribution of service users to the regulatory process and the regulator's role to promote it. Furthermore, these distinct assumptions are associated with participatory methods that reflect different participatory approaches: democratic or consumerist, collective, or individual.
Job demands‐control, job support, and depressive symptoms: Unraveling job support's moderating mechanism among social workers in China
Authors: Ge Ting , Lu Xiaoqiong , He Guangye , Ren Yiqi , Ji Feng
Published: December 2024

Work‐induced stress poses significant mental health risks in high‐stress professions, such as social workers. This study, grounded in the Job Demands‐Control‐Support model and Conservation of Resources theory, explores how job stressors affect social workers' depressive symptoms, focusing on job demands, job control, and their combinations, alongside the moderating role of job support. Analyzing data from the 2019 China Social Work Longitudinal Study through a city‐level fixed‐effects model, we find that job demands (role ambiguity and role conflict) and job control influence depressive symptoms both independently and interactively. Specifically, high job demands increase depressive symptoms, while greater job control reduces them. When looking at the combination of job demands and control, social workers facing low job demands with high job control report the lowest levels of depressive symptoms, followed by those with low demands and low job control. Moreover, coworker support emerges as crucial in reducing depression, especially for those grappling with high‐role ambiguity and job control. Additionally, in high role conflict with low job control scenarios, support from leaders and supervisors is essential for lessening depressive symptoms. These findings highlight the essential role of job support in mitigating the impact of job stressors on social workers' mental health in China.
Loss of acid suppression during dosing with H2‐receptor antagonists
Authors: Wilder‐Smith C. , Halter F. , Ernst T. , Gennoni M. , Zeyen B. , Varga L. , Roehmel J. J. , Merki H. S.
Published: December 2024

The suppression of intragastric acidity with H2‐receptor antagonists may diminish with repeated administration. To assess the degree and dose‐dependance of this tolerance after short‐term dosing, two doses of the H2‐receptor antagonists, ranitidine (300 mg node or q.d.s.) and sufotidine (300 mg or 600 mg b.d.), were given to healthy volunteers for 1 and 2 weeks, respectively. After 1 and 7 days of dosing with ranitidine 300 mg q.d.s. the median 24‐h and night‐time pH, measured by continuous 24‐h pH‐metry, dropped from 3.7 to 2.2 and 5.8 to 3.2, respectively (P < 0.0001 for both). The decline in median pH with ranitidine 300 mg node was only significant during the night (from 4.1 to 2.9) (P < 0.04). There was little change in plasma gastrin concentrations between days 1 and 7 with either dosage. With sufotidine 300 mg b.d. and 600 mg b.d. for 1 and 14 days, the median 24‐h pH fell from 3.7 to 2.1 and from 4.6 to 2.6, respectively (P < 0.0001). The equivalent medians for the night decreased‐from 6.3 to 2.3 and from 6.6 to 3.1 (P < 0.0001). Gastrin concentrations did not change after 14 days of dosing with sufotidine 300 mg b.d., but increased significantly during dosing with sufotidine 600 mg b.d. (P < 0.001).

Significant tolerance developed in 7‐14 days and it seemed to show some dose relationship. The mechanisms behind tolerance and the role of gastrin are discussed, but remain unclear.
Tolerance during 8 days of high‐dose H2‐blockade: placebo‐controlled studies of 24‐hour acidity and gastrin
Authors: Smith J. T. L. , Gavey C. , Nwokolo C. U. , Pounder R. E.
Published: December 2024

Simultaneous 24‐h intragastric and plasma gastrin concentrations were measured in 36 healthy subjects, when receiving placebo (day 0) and on days 1 and 8 of dosing with either placebo (n = 8), or high‐dose H2‐blockade with either ranitidine 300 mg q.d.s. (n = 8), ranitidine 1200 mg o.m. (n = 8), or sufotidine 600 mg b.d. (n = 12).

Triplicate placebo studies demonstrated good reproducibility for this technique, with no significant differences of acidity or plasma gastrin concentration between the studies.

There was a decrease in the anti‐secretory activity of all three high‐dose H2‐antagonist regimens on day 8, when compared with that observed on day 1. This occurred in the presence of sustained or increasing hypergastrinaemia.

It is concluded that a degree of tolerance develops during‐continued H2‐blockade, and that this could be due to increasing gastrin drive to the parietal cells.
Dynamic and thermodynamic behavior of supercooled Na–Ba metaphosphate liquids: Role of modifier cation ordering
Authors: Chuang Shih‐Yi , Yu Ping , Sen Sabyasachi
Published: December 2024

The Q‐speciation and the role of modifier dynamics on network relaxation in the supercooled mixed‐alkali–alkaline‐earth (MAAE) Na–Ba metaphosphate liquids are investigated using a combination of 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, calorimetric, electrical conductivity, and rheological measurements. Progressive replacement of Na with Ba in these glasses is shown to result in an increasing disproportionation of Q2 species via the reaction: 2Q2 = Q1 + Q3. Unlike mixed‐alkali liquids, the Na–Ba metaphosphate liquids display a monotonic variation in isothermal electrical conductivity, glass transition temperature, calorimetric and kinetic fragility, and isothermal viscosity. It is hypothesized that this monotonic variation arises from the lack of elastic facilitation of network relaxation via coupled hopping of Na–Ba pairs as these modifier cations are prohibited from mixing randomly due to the differences between their size, mass, charge, and mobility. Isobaric heat capacity measurements provide supporting evidence in favor of a such a nonrandom mixing between the modifier cations in Na–Ba metaphosphate glasses and liquids.
Multielectrode Radiofrequency Balloon Catheter for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: Results From the Global, Multicenter, STELLAR Study
Authors: Goyal Sandeep K. , Pappone Carlo , Grimaldi Massimo , Lee Sung W. , Mountantonakis Stavros , DeVille J. Brian , Sagi Venkata S. , Jiang Chen‐Yang , Jafri Haseeb , Wimmer Alan P. , Wu Li‐Qun , Dukkipati Srinivas , Rashid Haroon , Calkins Hugh , Mansour Moussa , Roman‐Gonzalez Javier , Natale Andrea , Ciconte Giuseppe , Aryana Arash ,   STELLAR investigators
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The safety and efficacy of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) ablation with the HELIOSTAR multielectrode radiofrequency (RF) balloon catheter have been demonstrated in European studies; data from elsewhere are lacking. This prospective, multicenter study conducted in the United States, Italy, and China investigated the safety and efficacy of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) using HELIOSTAR in drug‐refractory symptomatic PAF.

Methods

The primary effectiveness endpoint (PEE) was 12‐month freedom from documented atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter/atrial tachycardia plus freedom from acute procedural failure, nonstudy catheter failure, repeat ablation failure, direct current cardioversion (DCCV), and Class I/III antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) failure. The primary safety endpoint was the occurrence of early‐onset primary adverse events (PAEs). Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cardiac computed tomography were performed in a patient subset to assess silent cerebral lesions (SCLs) and severe pulmonary vein (PV) stenosis, respectively.

Results

Across 36 centers, 257 eligible subjects in the main phase had the study catheter inserted. Acute PVI was achieved in all subjects, with the majority (94.1%) using the balloon catheter only. In 67.7% and 92.2% of subjects, respectively, PEE and freedom from repeat ablation were met; clinical success rate was 77.7%. The PAE rate was 5.1%. One of 15 (6.7%) subjects with MRI showed a new SCL at 1 month postablation, which resolved at 3 months. Clinically meaningful improvements in Atrial Fibrillation Effect on QualiTy‐of‐life scores were seen at 3 months and were sustained to 12 months postablation, and accompanied with reduction of Class I/III AAD use and DCCV.

Conclusion

STELLAR confirmed the safety and efficacy of the HELIOSTAR catheter for PVI, with clinically meaningful improvements in quality of life in patients with drug‐refractory symptomatic PAF. Most PVIs were achieved without focal touch‐up, and > 90% of patients were free from repeat ablation at 12 months.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03683030.
The Impact of Socioeconomic Inequalities on the Risk of Hypertension in Bangladesh: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Hossain Kabir , Shuvo Tonmoy Alam , Hosna Asma‐Ul , Dey Dipu Rani
Published: December 2024

Hypertension is a prevalent health issue in Bangladesh, impacting a significant portion of the population. This meta‐analysis explored how social status inequalities impact hypertension risk in Bangladesh. We systematically searched various electronic databases and rigorously selected 12 studies for inclusion in the analyses. The I2 statistic measured between study heterogeneity, and pooled effect estimates were obtained using the DerSimonian and Laird random effects model to address this variability. Publication bias was assessed through a funnel plot and Egger's test. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the robustness of the findings. All analyses were performed using STATA 17. The analyses indicated that females had a significantly higher risk of developing hypertension compared to males, with a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 1.15 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.27). Urban residents showed a pooled OR of 1.11 (95% CI: 1.03–1.19) compared to rural residents. The pooled ORs for hypertension were 1.02 (95% CI: 0.89–1.14) for primary education, 1.07 (95% CI: 0.94–1.21) for secondary education, and 1.25 (95% CI: 1.03–1.47) for higher secondary education, suggesting an increasing risk with higher education levels. Wealth status showed a pooled OR of 1.08 (95% CI: 0.87–1.29) for the poorer class, 1.13 (95% CI: 1.04–1.22) for the middle class, 1.38 (95% CI: 0.68–2.07) for the richer class, and 1.49 (95% CI: 0.97–2.00) for the richest class, indicating a greater risk of hypertension among wealthier individuals. Working individuals had a 39% lower risk of hypertension (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.43–0.80) compared to nonworking individuals.