bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Phosphoproteomics of the Angiotensin AT
2
-Receptor Signaling Network Identifies HDAC1 (Histone-Deacetylase-1) and p53 as Mediators of Antiproliferation and Apoptosis
Authors: Peluso A. Augusto , Kempf Stefan J. , Verano-Braga Thiago , Rodrigues-Ribeiro Lucas , Johansen Lene Egedal , Hansen Mie Rytz , Kitlen Gitte , Haugaard Andreas Houe , Sumners Colin , Ditzel Henrik J. , Santos Robson A. , Bader Michael , Larsen Martin R. , Steckelings U. Muscha
Published: October 2022

Background:

Angiotensin AT
2
-receptor signaling is atypical for a G-protein coupled receptor and incompletely understood. To obtain novel insights into AT
2
-receptor signaling, we mapped changes in the phosphorylation status of the entire proteome of human aortic endothelial cells in response to AT
2
-receptor stimulation.

Methods:

Phosphorylation status of human aortic endothelial cells after stimulation with C21 (1 µM; 0, 1, 3, 5, 20 minutes) was determined utilizing time-resolved quantitative phosphoproteomics. Specific changes in protein phosphorylation and acetylation were confirmed by Western Blotting. Functional tests included resazurin assay for cell proliferation, and caspase 3/7 luminescence assay or FACS analysis of annexin V expression for apoptosis.

Results:

AT
2
-receptor stimulation significantly altered the phosphorylation status of 172 proteins (46% phosphorylations, 54% dephosphorylations). Bioinformatic analysis revealed a cluster of phospho-modified proteins involved in antiproliferation and apoptosis. Among these proteins, HDAC1 (histone-deacetylase-1) was dephosphorylated at serine
421/423
involving serine/threonine phosphatases. Resulting HDAC1 inhibition led to p53 acetylation and activation. AT
2
-receptor stimulation induced antiproliferation and apoptosis, which were absent when cells were co-incubated with the p53 inhibitor pifithrin-α, thus indicating p53-dependence of these AT
2
-receptor mediated functions.

Conclusions:

Contrary to the prevailing view that AT
2
-receptor signaling largely involves phosphatases, our study revealed significant involvement of kinases. HDAC1 inhibition and resulting p53 activation were identified as novel, AT
2
-receptor coupled signaling mechanisms. Furthermore, the study created an openly available dataset of AT
2
-receptor induced phospho-modified proteins, which has the potential to be the basis for further discoveries of currently unknown, AT
2
-receptor coupled signaling mechanisms.
Orthostatic Hypotension in Hypertensive Adults: Harry Goldblatt Award for Early Career Investigators 2021
Authors: Raber Inbar , Belanger Matthew J. , Farahmand Rosemary , Aggarwal Rahul , Chiu Nicholas , Al Rifai Mahmoud , Jacobsen Alan P. , Lipsitz Lewis A. , Juraschek Stephen P.
Published: October 2022

Orthostatic hypotension affects roughly 10% of individuals with hypertension and is associated with several adverse health outcomes, including dementia, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and death. Among adults with hypertension, orthostatic hypotension has also been shown to predict patterns of blood pressure dysregulation that may not be appreciated in the office setting, including nocturnal nondipping. Individuals with uncontrolled hypertension are at particular risk of orthostatic hypotension and may meet diagnostic criteria for the condition with a smaller relative reduction in blood pressure compared with normotensive individuals. Antihypertensive medications are commonly de-prescribed to address orthostatic hypotension; however, this approach may worsen supine or seated hypertension, which may be an important driver of adverse events in this population. There is significant variability between guidelines for the diagnosis of orthostatic hypotension with regards to timing and position of blood pressure measurements. Clinically relevant orthostatic hypotension may be missed when standing measurements are delayed or when taken after a seated rather than supine position. The treatment of orthostatic hypotension in patients with hypertension poses a significant management challenge for clinicians; however, recent evidence suggests that intensive blood pressure control may reduce the risk of orthostatic hypotension. A detailed characterization of blood pressure variability is essential to tailoring a treatment plan and can be accomplished using both in-office and out-of-office monitoring.
Changes of the CYP11B2 Expressing Zona Glomerulosa in Human Adrenals From Birth to 40 Years of Age
Authors: van de Wiel Elle , Chaman Baz Amir-Hossein , Küsters Benno , Mukai Kuniaki , van Bonzel Lidia , van Erp Merijn , Deinum Jaap , Langenhuijsen Johan
Published: October 2022

Background:

Aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) antibodies for immunohistochemistry, enables to visualize aldosterone-producing zona glomerulosa (ZG), aldosterone-producing micronodules, and aldosterone-producing adenomas. The architecture of the ZG differs in old versus young age but the evolution of the changes is not well known. The pathogenesis of aldosterone-producing micronodules and aldosterone-producing adenomas is still unclear and research on the ZG in young populations is limited. In this study, we elucidate changes in human ZG with age by quantifying the CYP11B2 expression.

Methods:

We collected 83 human adrenal glands from 57 autopsy cases aged 0 to 40 years old. In 26 cases, both adrenals were available. We performed immunohistochemistry targeting CYP11B2 and quantified the relative CYP11B2 expressing area, CYP11B2 continuity, the mean gap length between CYP11B2-expressing areas and the maximum extension of CYP11B2 area (depth).

Results:

We found a negative correlation between age and the relative CYP11B2 expressing area, a negative correlation between age and CYP11B2 continuity, a positive correlation between age and mean gap length, and a positive correlation between age and maximum CYP11B2 depth. The changes in expression patterns of relative CYP11B2 expressing area, CYP11B2 continuity and mean gap length were seen in both adrenals of the same autopsy case.

Conclusions:

The decline of relative CYP11B2 expressing ZG area and continuity may indicate involution of the ZG, which is supported by an increase of gaps and maximum CYP11B2 depth indicating clustering, comparable to formation of aldosterone-producing micronodules. The similarities in both adrenals from the same case indicate that these changes occur bilaterally.
Impaired Interleukin-15 Signaling via
BMPR2
Loss Drives Natural Killer Cell Deficiency and Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Hilton L. Rhiannon , Rätsep Matthew T. , VandenBroek M. Martin , Jafri Salema , Laverty Kimberly J. , Mitchell Melissa , Theilmann Anne L. , Smart James A. , Hawke Lindsey G. , Moore Stephen D. , Renaud Stephen J. , Soares Michael J. , Morrell Nicholas W. , Ormiston Mark L.
Published: October 2022

Background:

Natural killer (NK) cell impairment is a feature of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and contributes to vascular remodeling in animal models of disease. Although mutations in
BMPR2
, the gene encoding the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) type-II receptor, are strongly associated with PAH, the contribution of
BMPR2
loss to NK cell impairment remains unknown. We explored the impairment of IL (interleukin)-15 signaling, a central mediator of NK cell homeostasis, as both a downstream target of
BMPR2
loss and a contributor to the pathogenesis of PAH.

Methods:

The expression, trafficking, and secretion of IL-15 and IL-15Rα (interleukin 15 α-type receptor) were assessed in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells, with or without
BMPR2
silencing. NK cell development and IL-15/IL-15Rα levels were quantified in mice bearing a heterozygous knock-in of the
R899X-BMPR2
mutation (

bmpr2
+/R899X

). NK-deficient
Il15
−/−
rats were exposed to the Sugen/hypoxia and monocrotaline models of PAH to assess the impact of impaired IL-15 signaling on disease severity.

Results:

BMPR2
loss reduced IL-15Rα surface presentation and secretion in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells via impaired trafficking through the trans-Golgi network.

bmpr2
+/R899X

mice exhibited a decrease in NK cells, which was not attributable to impaired hematopoietic development but was instead associated with reduced IL-15/IL-15Rα levels in these animals.
Il15
−/−
rats of both sexes exhibited enhanced disease severity in the Sugen/hypoxia model, with only male
Il15
−/−
rats developing more severe PAH in response to monocrotaline.

Conclusions:

This work identifies the loss of IL-15 signaling as a novel
BMPR2
-dependent contributor to NK cell impairment and pulmonary vascular disease.
Association of Cardiovascular Health Score Trajectory With Incident Myocardial Infarction in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Huang Zegui , Chen Zekai , Wang Xianxuan , Ding Xiong , Cai Zefeng , Li Weijian , Cai Zhiwei , Lan Yulong , Chen Guanzhi , Fang Wei , Wu Shouling , Chen Youren
Published: October 2022

Background:

The association between changes in cardiovascular health score (CHS) over time and myocardial infarction (MI) risk in hypertensive patients remains unclear.

Method:

This was a prospective study comprising 17 374 hypertensive patients from the Kailuan study cohort who underwent 3 surveys and were identified to be free of MI, stroke, or cancer from 2006 to 2010. CHS consisted of 7 cardiovascular health metrics (plasma glucose, total cholesterol, blood pressure, smoking, body mass index, physical activity, salt intake), ranging from 0 (worst) to 13 (best) in the study. CHS trajectories were developed during 2006 to 2010 to predict the MI risk from 2010 to 2020. Additionally, the Cox proportional hazard model was established to calculate the hazard ratio and 95% CI of incident MI in different trajectory groups.

Result:

This study identified the 5 CHS trajectories from 2006 to 2010: low-stable (n=1161; range, 4.7–4.5), moderate-decreasing (n=3928; decreased from 6.9 to 6.0), moderate-increasing (n=1014; increased from 5.6 to 7.8), high-stable I (n=7940; range, 8.1–8.2), and high-stable II (n=3331; range, 9.2–9.7). During the median follow-up of 10.04 years, 288 incident MI cases were identified. After adjusting for potential confounders, compared with low-stable group, the hazard ratio and 95% CI of MI were 0.24 (0.15–0.40) for high-stable II, 0.36 (0.24–0.54) for high-stable I, 0.46 (0.25–0.83) for moderate-increasing, and 0.61 (0.41–0.90) for moderate-decreasing, respectively.

Conclusions:

In hypertensive patients, high-stable CHS or improvement in CHS is associated with a lower risk of incident MI, when compared with low-stable CHS trajectory over time.
Genetic Engineering of Lymphangiogenesis in Skin Does Not Affect Blood Pressure in Mouse Models of Salt-Sensitive Hypertension
Authors: Thowsen Irene Matre , Reikvam Tore , Skogstrand Trude , Samuelsson Anne-Maj , Müller Dominik N. , Tenstad Olav , Alitalo Kari , Karlsen Tine , Wiig Helge
Published: October 2022

Background:

Recent studies have indicated that sodium storage is influenced by macrophages that secrete VEGF-C (vascular endothelial growth factor) during salt stress thus stimulating lymphangiogenesis, thereby acting as a buffer against increased blood pressure (BP). We aimed to explore the role of dermal lymphatics in BP and sodium homeostasis. Our hypothesis was that mice with reduced dermal lymphatic vessels were more prone to develop salt-sensitive hypertension, and that mice with hyperplastic vessels were protected.

Methods:

Mice with either hypoplastic (Chy), absent (K14-VEGFR3 [vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3]-Ig), or hyperplastic (K14-VEGF-C) dermal lymphatic vessels and littermate controls were given high-salt diet (4% NaCl in the chow), deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt diet and 1% saline to drink or nitric oxide blocker diet L-N
G
-nitro arginine methyl ester (followed by high salt diet). BP was measured by telemetric recording, and tissue sodium content by ion chromatography.

Results:

In contrast to previous studies, high salt diet did not induce an increase in BP or sodium storage in any of the mouse strains investigated. DOCA-salt, on the other hand, gave an increase in BP in Chy and K14-VEGFR3-Ig not different from their corresponding WT controls. DOCA induced salt storage in skin and muscle, but to the same extent in mice with dysfunctional lymphatic vessels and WT controls. Lymph flow as assessed by tracer washout was not affected by the diet in any of the mouse strains.

Conclusions:

Our results suggest that dermal lymphatic vessels are not involved in salt storage or blood pressure regulation in these mouse models of salt-sensitive hypertension.
BCAM Deficiency May Contribute to Preeclampsia by Suppressing the PIK3R6/p-STAT3 Signaling
Authors: Liu Min , Liao Lingyun , Gao Yijie , Yin Yangxue , Wei Xiaohong , Xu Qin , Gao Linbo , Zhou Rong
Published: October 2022

Background:

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy syndrome that may utilize multiple pathogenic mechanisms. Insufficient trophoblast invasion and impaired uterine spiral artery remodeling are believed to be the pathological basis; yet the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear.

Methods:

The placental BCAM (basal cell adhesion molecule) expression and important clinical indicators were detected and correlation analysis was performed. MiRNAs directly targeting BCAM were predicted and further verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene, and the downstream molecular mechanisms of BCAM were investigated in both HTR-8/SVneo and JAR cells. In addition, pregnant/nonpregnant rats were treated with adenoviruses containing BCAM shRNA genes (Ad-shBCAM) on gestational 9.5 days to detect the preeclamptic features.

Results:

The BCAM is highly expressed on the trophoblast membrane and decreased in the preeclamptic placentae. In HTR-8/SVneo and JAR cells, BCAM knockdown inhibited trophoblast proliferation, migration, and invasion, and suppressed phosphorylation on Y705 of STAT3 dependent on the downregulation of PIK3R6. Moreover, miR-199a-5p mediated the degradation of BCAM and also inhibited trophoblast proliferation, migration, and invasion. In vivo, BCAM deficiency induced a preeclampsia-like phenotype included elevated systolic blood pressure, proteinuria, impaired morphology and function of multiple organs (placenta, liver, and kidney), and fetal growth restriction. The expression of placenta BCAM/PIK3R6/p-STAT3 signaling was also downregulated in this preeclampsia rat model.

Conclusions:

MiR-199a-5p mediated–BCAM deficiency contributes to the suppression of trophoblast proliferation, migration, and invasion by inhibiting PIK3R6/p-STAT3 signaling, which may lead to poor placentation and result in preeclampsia-like phenotypes. Our study provides a new academic perspective on the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
From Peace Talks to Parliaments: The Microprocesses Propelling Women into Formal Politics Following War
Authors: Anderson Miriam J. , Valade Marc Y.
Published: October 2022

Women’s legislative representation often increases following armed conflict. Although various studies suggest a relationship between gender-inclusive peace negotiations and better outcomes for women, we know little about the processes linking these phenomena. Using social network analysis and drawing on qualitative interviews, we examine women’s participation in Burundi’s peace negotiations (1998–2000) and their increased political participation in post-accord national politics (2000–2005). We find that women’s civil society built social networks reliant on cross-ethnic collaboration and the support of international actors during the peace negotiations. With the aid of those networks, they successfully entered formal politics and passed pro-women legislation, where they developed cross-party alliances and maintained close relationships with civil society, increasing their effectiveness in parliament. This case suggests that evolving social networks are a crucial component of the explanation for women’s increased participation in politics during times of transition from conflict to peace.
Navigating the Religious in the Cosmopolitan
Authors: Chaoui Saleh
Published: October 2022

Sweetness in the Belly (2005) explores a new space which problematizes the intersections between religion, cosmopolitanism, and displacement. Camilla Gibb employs the trope of the journey to trace the ways in which the female protagonist, Lilly, transforms in a transnational context. The narrative depicts multiple journeys that Lilly undertakes between the West and the East. Such geographical displacements are pivotal to her complex spiritual self-discovery. Lilly, a white Ethiopian Muslim, embraces Sufi Islam which helps her resist forms of alienation and discrimination. Therefore, as I argue in this paper, religion can be a constitutive component in the formation of female cosmopolitan subjectivity. Understanding cosmopolitanism as a disposition that is not necessarily secular in its orientation, this article investigates the transformative role of religion in the debates surrounding “new cosmopolitanism.” I argue that through Lilly’s journey, the narrative depicts religion as a central feature of cosmopolitan identity which disrupts the orientalist bent associated with East/West dichotomies.
Phaenospila gen. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Alysiinae) and three new species from Thailand
Authors: YAO JUNLI , VAN ACHTERBERG CORNELIS , SHARKEY MICHAEL J. , CHAPMAN ERIC G. , FANG SHUQIAN , AIZEZI AYIZUOHERE , LI JIMIN
Published: October 2022

A new braconid genus belonging to the tribe Alysiini. Phaenospila van Achterberg & Yao, gen. nov. (type species: Phaenospila signator Yao, sp. nov.), is described. The genus is identified with morphological characters and a phylogenetic analysis of COI sequence data; GenBank accession numbers of fifty generated sequences from the three species are included. Three new species are described and illustrated, Phaenospila brevicarinata van Achterberg & Yao sp. nov., Phaenospila areolator Yao & van Achterberg sp. nov., Phaenospila signator Yao sp. nov. A key to the species of the genus Phaenospila is included.
Clinical Predictors of Symptom Improvement Following Eustachian Tube Balloon Dilation
Authors: Yang Hong-Ho , Alonso Jose , Ishiyama Akira , Gopen Quinton S. , Suh Jeffrey D. , Wang Marilene B. , Wells Christine , Wung Vivian , Lee Jivianne T.
Published: October 2022

Objective:

This study aims to identify clinical predictors of treatment response to Eustachian Tube Balloon Dilation (ETBD) as measured by changes in Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire-7 (ETDQ-7) scores.

Methods:

One hundred thirteen patients who underwent ETBD at an institution from 2017 to 2021 completed ETDQ-7 pre- and post-operatively. We conducted multivariable regression analyses with ETDQ-7 normalization (<2.1 post-op), minimum clinically important difference (MCID) (>0.5 pre-op – post-op), and quantitative improvement in ETDQ-7 score as outcome variables. Pre-operative ETDQ-7 score, tympanogram type, chronic otitis media, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), inferior turbinate hypertrophy, deviated septum, allergic rhinitis, and rhinorrhea were included as covariates. Models controlled for age, sex, ethnicity, prior ear or sinus surgery, and follow-up duration.

Results:

The mean age was 49 years old. 51% were females, and all patients had pre-operative ETDQ-7 above 2.1. After a mean follow-up period of 13 months, 77% achieved MCID and 37% had normalized. Higher pre-operative ETDQ-7 score was associated with greater ETDQ-7 score improvement ( B = 0.60, 95% CI = [0.37, 0.83]) and greater odds of achieving MCID (aOR = 1.65; 95% CI = [1.06, 2.59]). A history of CRS improved chances of achieving MCID (aOR = 4.53; 95% CI = [1.11, 18.55]) and a history of chronic otitis media predicted increased odds of ETDQ-7 normalization (aOR = 2.88; 95% CI = [1.09, 7.58]).

Conclusions:

Our findings suggest that ETBD was highly effective among patients with pre-operative ETDQ-7 above 2.1. Furthermore, higher pre-operative ETDQ-7 score, CRS, and chronic otitis media predicted more favorable symptomatic benefit from ETBD. These factors may be important to consider when counseling potential candidates for this procedure.
‘Getting a grip’? Phenomenological insights into handling work place in London’s Soho
Authors: Riach Kathleen , Tyler Melissa
Published: October 2022

How are working lives shaped by the demands and expectations associated with a particular workplace? And how are work identities enacted to demonstrate a capacity to cope with place-based demands, expectations and associations? Drawing on insights from phenomenological perspectives on space, place and situated experience, particularly Merleau-Ponty’s concept of ‘grip’, and interview data drawn from longitudinal research with men and women working in London’s Soho, this article shows how working lives and identities are situated within, and enacted through, practices that involve developing and demonstrating a capacity for place handling. The analysis shows how this is negotiated by those working in iconic locales in which their working lives and identities are shaped by meanings that are both evolving and enduring, and that require them to get and maintain a demonstrable grip on the setting in which they work. In contributing to a growing interest in understanding working lives as situated phenomena, the article challenges the idea that work is increasingly place-less, particularly in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and the digitalization of work accelerated by it, emphasizing how where work takes place continues to matter to how it is enacted and experienced.
Secondary silane grafting on aramid fibers improves the interfacial bonding performance in textile composite materials
Authors: Li Cuiyu , Cui Yueyan , Xing Wenjin , Pei Xiaoyuan , Song Jiajia , Wang Linxin
Published: October 2022

To improve the chemical and physical surface features of aramid fibers and the bonding quality at the interface, carbon nanotubes, dopamine and silane coupling reagent KH560 were used to modify the surface of aramid fibers. The fiber surface was characterized by FTIR, XPS, SEM and AFM. The single-fiber specific strength, surface roughness, wettability and interfacial shear strength of the modified fiber were quantified. Finally, the uniaxial tensile behaviour of the textile composite laminate with the modified fibers was tested. The experimental results show that: after the grafting of silane coupling reagent as a second modification step, the amount of oxygen-containing groups on the surface of aramid fibers, and the surface roughness, and the ability to impregnate resin are further improved. The single-fiber specific strength, the interfacial shear strength by fiber pull-out tests, and the tensile strength of the laminate are increased by 21.62%, 73.57%, and 51.60%, respectively. This work demonstrates a general surface modification strategy working for diverse types of fibers, synthetic or natural. The present findings help to develop a broad range of high-performance textile composites to address long-term challenges in structural engineering.
“I Just Needed a Hug”: Culturally-Based Disenfranchised Grief of Jewish Ultraorthodox Women Following Pregnancy Loss
Authors: Levitan Fayga , Frei-Landau Rivi , Sabar-Ben-Yehoshua Na’ama
Published: October 2022

Pregnancy loss (PL) often results in disenfranchised grief. Although much is known about women’s experience of PL in general, less is known about PL among women from different backgrounds, particularly the Ultraorthodox community, where the woman’s role is often defined by childbearing, but fertility is not openly discussed. The study’s goal was to explore PL experiences among this unique sociocultural group: Jewish Ultraorthodox women. Employing a qualitative approach, we interviewed 14 women about their PL. Analysis revealed five themes denoting Ultraorthodox women’s struggles post-PL, within two arenas: religiously-based marital struggle (restricted physical support, challenged emotional support) and social struggle/conflict regarding sharing (due to PL as a taboo, perceived failure to fulfill the woman’s fertility role, and yearning for “room to grieve”). The findings highlight that PL-grief may be disenfranchised for religious reasons, underscoring the need for a culturally-sensitive inquiry of PL and disenfranchised grief. Therapeutically, clinicians' additional awareness is required.
Views on Assisted Suicide and Religious Beliefs
Authors: Kletecka-Pulker Maria , Völkl-Kernstock Sabine , Atanasov Atanas G. , Doppler Klara , Eitenberger Magdalena , Gabriel Marcus , Klager Elisabeth , Klomfar Sophie , Teufel Anna , Ruf Ann-Kathrin
Published: October 2022

After the Austrian constitutional court decided to legalise assisted suicide, we conducted this cross-sectional survey study to assess how persons living in Austria viewed the decision, and whether their views associated with religious and/or moral beliefs. We found that persons claiming to be religious were significantly less likely to approve of the court’s decision. They also advocated for significantly stricter regulations than non-religious respondents. When asked to give reasons for their response, several religious respondents cited their religious beliefs, highlighting that there is often an association between stronger religious beliefs and less favourable views on assisted suicide.
Dynamic Visual Acuity After Small Incision Lenticule Extraction for Myopia Patients
Authors: Wang Yuexin , Guo Yining , Wei Shanshan , Wu Tingyi , Yuan Yifei , Zhang Yu , Li Xuemin , Chen Yueguo
Published: October 2022

In the present study we compared dynamic visual acuity (DVA) of 84 eyes (for 42 adults with myopia; M age = 28.4, SD = 6.6 years; males = 38.1%, females = 61.9%) at 40 and 80 degree per second (dps) before surgery with eyeglass corrections and after a surgical procedure – a small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). Participants underwent binocular SMILE surgery with plano refraction targets. Their eyeglass-corrected binocular DVA at 40 and 80 dps was evaluated preoperatively, and their uncorrected binocular DVA was assessed post-operatively at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months. The mean logMAR (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuities (UDVA and CDVA) were −0.09 and −0.11 respectively, 3 months postoperatively. The mean preoperative eyeglass-corrected DVAs at 40 and 80 dps were 0.141 and 0.184, respectively, and significant improvements were observed for 40 dps and 80 dps DVAs 3 months postoperatively. Pearson’s correlations were statistically significant between the postoperative DVAs at 3 months and for both the preoperative DVA and postoperative UDVA at both 40 dps and 80 dps. The change in the DVAs at 3 months were significantly associated with the preoperative DVAs at 40 dps and 80 dps. In conclusion, myopic patients’ DVAs significantly improved following SMILE in comparison to corrected preoperative visual acuity when wearing eyeglasses. The post-SMILE DVA was associated with both the preoperative DVA and the postoperative UDVA.
“Why Am I the One Who Gets to Go to Mexico?”: Nepantlera Bridging Among Latinx Students in a Decolonial Study Abroad Program
Authors: Kaneria A. Jyoti , Kasun G. Sue , Marks Beth W.
Published: October 2022

Background:

Little research on Latinx students studying abroad has explored the historic sensibilities they bring to their experiences abroad related to their bordered realities.

Research Purpose and Question:

This study explores the experiences of Latinx students in one Mexico study abroad class session through the lenses of border theory and Anzaldúan theory. The research question was: What are the experiences of Latinx students as they reflect on their unique participation in a heritage study abroad program, particularly their understanding of the metaphorical “in between” space at borders?

Participants:

The participants were nine Latinx students.

Research Design:

The study used a qualitative research design.

Findings:

Our data analysis revealed two primary findings. First, the students were heavily engaged in nepantla (living in the liminal in-between) as part of the study abroad process. Second, the students experienced connection as nepantleras. The students’ expressions of nepantla were experiences of self-awareness around their guilt and grief. Their nepantlera connection was with themselves; their language, culture, and identity; the group; and their families, in spirit and in the flesh.

Conclusions and Recommendations:

As the students allowed themselves to talk about, reflect on, and process their feelings, they were planting the seeds for transformation and healing. Because of their facultad (gift of awareness) as nepantleras (bridge builders), we observed the students create bridges not only for their conflicting feelings, but also for their families’ interactions and experiences, all of which were painful and challenging for them. Gaining experiences of connection and strengthening their connectionist facultad provided the students with the opportunity to internalize and embody community building while their facultad gave them an awareness to begin their personal transformations. We argue gaining the lived experience of building community through a connectionist facultad has the potential for the students in this program to create transformative spaces and experiences with their families and their local communities. For K–12 and U.S.-based higher education, our findings support the implementation of ethnic studies and critical multicultural curricula not only to attend to guilt that may be experienced by Latinx youth, but also as a remedy for the disconnect many feel toward their heritage. For directors and researchers of study abroad, we suggest examining both the demographics of the countries where students study and the demographics of the participants in the study abroad group to determine how this influences the students’ feelings and interactions and to guide program development.
Research on the co-evolution of temporal networks structure and public opinion propagation
Authors: Wang Jiakun , Yu Hao , Li Yun
Published: October 2022

Under the new media environment, social platforms, as the carrier of information propagation, have shown a drastic change in their form and structure, endowing public opinion with unique propagation characteristics. In view of this, considering the dynamic changes of online social network (OSN) structure, this article intends to analyse the spreading mechanism of public opinion in temporal networks and improve the applicability of public opinion governance strategies. Combing the changes of OSN topology with the classical susceptible–infected–recovered (SIR) dynamics model, we constructed a co-evolution model of temporal networks structure and public opinion propagation, and the propagation threshold of public opinion was derived with the help of Markov process. Then, the propagation characteristics of public opinion in temporal networks and their co-evolution process under different factors were discussed through simulation experiments. The results show that the propagation of public opinion in temporal networks has faster speed and wider scope compared with that in static networks; netizens’ social activity has a phased impact on the evolution process of public opinion and with its significant heterogeneity, the propagation of public opinion is gradually suppressed; compared with [Formula: see text], the evolution process of public opinion in temporal networks is more sensitive to the state change of public opinion [Formula: see text]. Our research can further enrich the theoretical research system of network science and information science and also provide a certain decision-making reference for the regulators to reasonably govern the propagation of public opinion in social platforms.
Exploring the diversity and consistency of China’s information technology policy
Authors: Yang Chao , Huang Cui
Published: October 2022

Information technology (IT) policies have played an indispensable role in China’s IT research and development (R&D) and industrial development. However, there has been a lack of quantitative and clear understanding of the consistency and diversity of China’s IT policy mixes. In this article, we constructed policy target network to simulate the real policy mixes. Based on the distribution and evolution of networks, we identify and analyse the ‘diversity’ and ‘consistency & continuity’ of China’s IT policy. Our results show that China’s IT policies cover 12 different demands, and each demand corresponds to 5–10 core policy goals. At the same time, we divide the history of IT policy into seven periods and compare the characteristics of each period. Despite the scale of the policy mixes continuing to expand, the synergy between different policy targets has become clearer, forming unique communities. Among them, there are 25 core policy targets that reflect varying degrees of consistency and continuity. This study not only deepens the understanding of China’s policy characteristics and patterns, but also provides a quantitative framework for the assessment of policy consistency and diversity.
Shakespeare and sonnet form
Authors: Wells Stanley
Published: October 2022

This essay considers some of the uses to which Shakespeare put the literary form of the sonnet along with its component parts – the iambic pentameter line, the quatrain, the sestet, and the rhyming couplet – both in his plays and in independent poems. It offers a fresh appraisal of the sonnets by Shakespeare published by Thomas Thorpe in 1609, with emphasis on those printed in the earlier part of the volume, often referred to as ‘the young man sonnets’. The article also discusses Richard Barnfield's homoerotic verse and position in relation to the sonnet tradition and to Shakespeare's place in it.
Intelligent Interactive Piano Teaching
Authors: Lu Dong
Published: October 2022

Interactive learning environments have become important components for teaching pianists, which determines the relevance of the research topic. The study was conducted in Faculty of Piano of the Shenyang Conservatory of Music, and 87 first-year undergraduates participated in it. A positive effect of interactive teaching aids on professional skills development in pianists, including the psychophysiological component of performing skills, was revealed. The novelty of the study is the theoretical substantiation of the influence of interactive learning environments on pianists’ professional skills, which can be used for professional selection and improving the quality of musicians’ training.
Adela and transformative learning: A Freirean perspective on a community music education project in Melbourne, Australia
Authors: English Helen J. , Davidson Jane W.
Published: October 2022

In what ways can a community music education project based on historical re-enactment be a vehicle for transformational learning, empowerment and reconnection with community? In 2018, Serenading Adela was performed to celebrate and remember the 100th anniversary of a moment in history when women sang under the prison cell window of Adela Pankhurst, an anti-conscriptionist. The operatic work, which recruited 100 adult participants, was conceived and developed over almost 2 years and rehearsed for 5 months. The researchers were interested in participants’ motivations and their experiences of engagement with a story of historical injustice. Data were collected by holding interviews and focus groups and analysed using thematic analysis informed by Freirean concepts. Five themes emerged, indicating that the pedagogical approach and ideologies of the directors enabled and nurtured collaborative connections, personal growth, new perspectives, meaning-making and empowerment for a diverse group of adults.
Determining massage dose-response to improve cancer-related symptom cluster of pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbance: A 7-arm randomized trial in palliative cancer care
Authors: Miladinia Mojtaba , Jahangiri Mina , Kennedy Ann Blair , Fagerström Cecilia , Tuvesson Hanna , Safavi Shadi Sadat , Maniati Mahmood , Javaherforooshzadeh Fatemeh , Karimpourian Hossein
Published: October 2022

Background:

The efficacy of various massage doses in palliative cancer care settings is still debated, and no specific protocol is available.

Aim:

Evaluating response to various massage doses for symptom cluster of pain-fatigue-sleep.

Design:

A 7-arm randomized-controlled trial with weekly massage for 4 weeks depending on the prescribed dose (15-, 30-, or 60-min; 2× or 3×/week) and a 4-week follow-up. The intensities of pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbance were measured using a 0–10 scale at nine-timepoint; baseline, weekly during the intervention, and the follow-up period. Then, the mean scores of the three symptoms were calculated as the symptom cluster intensity at each timepoint. IRCT.ir IRCT20150302021307N5.

Setting/participants:

Adults with cancer ( n = 273) who reported all three symptoms at three oncology centers in Iran.

Results:

The odds of clinical improvement (at least 30% reduction in symptom cluster intensity from baseline) increased with dose-escalation significantly [(OR = 17.37; 95% CI = 3.87–77.90 for 60-min doses); (OR = 11.71; 95% CI = 2.60–52.69, for 30-min doses); (OR = 4.36; 95% CI = 0.94–20.32, for 15-min doses)]. The effect durability was significantly shorter at 15-min doses compared to 30- and 60-min doses. The odds of improvement for doses 3×/week was not significant compared to doses 2×/week (OR = 12.27 vs OR = 8.34); however, the effect durability for doses 3×/week was significantly higher.

Conclusions:

The findings indicated that dose-escalation increases the efficacy of massage for the pain-fatigue-sleep symptom cluster. Although the 60-min doses were found to be more effective, the 30-min doses can be considered more practical because they are less costly and time-consuming. Our findings can be helpful to develop massage guidelines in palliative care settings.

Trial registration:

Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, IRCT20150302021307N5.
Incidental findings on prostate MRI: a close look at the field of view in this anatomical region
Authors: Kizilgoz Volkan , Kantarci Mecit , Tonkaz Gokhan , Levent Akin , Ogul Hayri
Published: October 2022

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been widely used as an advanced imaging modality to detect prostate cancer and indicate suspicious areas to guide biopsy procedures. The increasing number of prostate examinations with MRI has provided an opportunity to detect incidental lesions, and some might be very significant to elucidate patient symptoms or occult neoplastic process in the early stages. These incidental lesions might be located in the prostate gland, adjacent tissues, or organs around the prostate gland or out of the genitourinary system. The field of view of prostate MRI includes not only the prostate gland but also other critical pelvic organs in this specific anatomical region. Some of these incidental lesions might cause the same symptoms as prostate cancer and might explain the symptoms of the patient, and some might indicate early cancer stages located outside the prostate. Reporting these lesions might be life-saving by initiating early disease treatment. Awareness of the predicted locations of congenital anomalies would also be beneficial for the radiologists to mention these incidental findings.
Dual-energy CT imaging of atherosclerotic plaque using novel ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide in hyperlipidemic rabbits
Authors: Sato Hideyuki , Fujimoto Shinichiro , Kawaguchi Yuko O , Nozaki Yui O , Tomizawa Nobuo , Kogure Yosuke , Minamino Tohru
Published: October 2022

Background

A study using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed that ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide is phagocytosed by macrophages. However, MRI has limitations in obtaining clear images due to its poor spatial and temporal resolutions.

Purpose

To examine whether the use of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) facilitated the visualization of carboxymethyl-diethylaminoethyl dextran magnetite ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide (CMEADM-U) accumulation in arteriosclerotic lesions using hyperlipidemic rabbits.

Material and Methods

CMEADM-U at 0.5 mmol Fe/kg was administered to Watanabe hereditary atherosclerotic (WHHL) rabbits (n = 6, 24 sections) and New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits (n = 2, 6 sections). After 72 h, DECT was performed to prepare virtual monochromatic images (35 keV, 70 keV) and an iron-based map. Subsequently, the aorta was collected along with hematoxylin and eosin staining, Berlin blue (BB) staining, and RAM11 immunostaining.

Results

In the WHHL rabbits, CMEADM-U accumulation was not observed at 70 keV. However, CMEADM-U accumulation consistent with an arteriosclerotic lesion was observed at 35 keV and the iron-based map. On the other hand, in the NZW rabbits, there was no accumulation of CMEADM-U in any images. Further, there were significant differences in the iron-based map value at the site of accumulation among the grades of expression on BB staining and RAM11 immunostaining. In addition, there was a good correlation at 35 kev and iron-based map value (r = 0.42; P < 0.05).

Conclusion

DECT imaging for CMEADM-U facilitated the assessment of macrophage accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions in an in vivo study using a rabbit model of induced aortic atherosclerosis.
The role of Eustachian tubography and Valsalva CT in Eustachian tube balloon dilation
Authors: Lee Eun Jung , Han Young-Min , Kim Kun Yung
Published: October 2022

Background

Not many imaging techniques have been reported in Eustachian tube imaging.

Purpose

To investigate the role of selective Eustachian tubography (SET) and Valsalva computed tomography (CT) in patients who underwent Eustachian tube balloon dilation (ETBD).

Material and Methods

Eligible patients were aged 18 years and older with chronic Eustachian tube dysfunction who had failed medical treatment. On the day of the procedure, Valsalva CT and SET were performed. Participants underwent fluoroscopic ETBD with a 6×20-mm balloon catheter. Clinical examinations to check for the ability to perform the Valsalva maneuver and ETDQ-7 score change were conducted at one week and then at one, two, and six months. Follow-up Valsalva CT was performed in the one-month follow-up.

Results

A total of 30 ears in 23 patients (16 right ears, 14 left ears; 10 women, 13 men) underwent ETBD from August 2018 to November 2019. Positive CT patency was higher in follow-up Valsalva CT than baseline Valsalva CT (40% and 23.3%, respectively) ( P = 0.006). In SET, positive patency was observed in 13 of 25 ears. Response to balloon dilation was observed in 18 of 25 patients. Clinical success was achieved in 16 of 27 ears. Response to balloon dilation was the only significant predictor of clinical success ( P = 0.012).

Conclusion

SET depicted the lumen of the Eustachian tube; thereby, it could be a potentially valuable tool in ETBD. Valsalva CT provides additional information about the cartilaginous portion of the Eustachian tube.
Clinical analysis of 78 pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinomas with surgical treatment
Authors: Gong Ting , Jia Bin , Chen Chen , Zhang Zhenfa , Wang Changli
Published: October 2022

Objective

To evaluate clinical factors influencing the postoperative pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSCs) prognosis.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated patients with PSCs treated from October 2012 to October 2017. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were calculated using univariable analysis (log-rank test). Univariable/multivariable Cox regression analysis was also performed.

Results

Mixed PSCs were most common (64.10%). Pure PSCs occurred more often with large tumors compared with mixed PSCs. Patients with vs without pleural retraction, respectively, had significantly worse overall survival (OS; 16 vs 23 months) and disease-free survival (DFS; 11 vs 20 months), and patients with airway dissemination had significantly shorter OS (14 vs 21 months) and DFS (11 vs 20 months). Patients with PSC with an adenocarcinoma component had favorable OS. Airway dissemination, pleural retraction, metastatic mediastinal lymph node (LN) number, and pathological tumor-node-metastasis (pTNM) stage were risk factors for short OS. Neither adjuvant chemotherapy nor adjuvant radiotherapy provided a survival advantage. Airway dissemination was an independent prognostic factor (odds ratio, 1.87; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–3.36).

Conclusion

Pure PSCs were more likely with large tumors compared with mixed PSCs. Airway dissemination, pleural retraction, and metastatic mediastinal LN number were associated with OS. Airway dissemination was an independent prognostic factor.
Prevalences of diabetic foot ulcer and foot self-care practice, and associated factors in adult patients with diabetes in south-east Ethiopia
Authors: Negash Wogene , Assefa Tesfaye , Sahiledengle Biniyam , Tahir Anwar , Regassa Zegeye , Feleke Zegeye , Regasa Tadele , Tekalegn Yohannes , Mamo Ayele , Teferu Zinash , Solomon Damtew , Gezahegn Habtamu , Bekele Kebebe , Zenbaba Demisu , Tasew Alelign , Desta Fikreab , Atlaw Daniel , Wilfong Tara
Published: October 2022

Objective

We aimed to assess the prevalences of foot ulcer and foot self-care practices, and identify associated factors in adult patients with diabetes attending a referral hospital in south-east Ethiopia.

Methods

We performed a cross-sectional study of 267 diabetic patients. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with diabetic foot ulcer and foot self-care practice.

Results

The prevalence of diabetic foot ulcer was 11.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.42–15.05). One hundred and forty-four (53.9%; 47.9, 59.9) patients demonstrated good foot self-care. Living rurally (adjusted odds ratio 2.27; 95% CI: 1.86–6.97), lack of regular exercise (3.91; 1.51–10.10), peripheral neuropathy (2.77; 1.05–7.33) and foot calluses (5.69; 1.74–18.59) were associated with diabetic foot ulcer. Urban inhabitants (2.01; 1.09–3.69), patients with diabetes for >10 years (2.92; 1.48–5.77), women (2.95; 1.66–5.22), and patients with a glucometer at home (2.05; 1.09–3.85) were more likely to have good foot self-care practice.

Conclusion

The prevalence of diabetic foot ulcer was 11.2%. This prevalence is lower than those identified in other Ethiopian studies. However, patient awareness regarding foot self-care practice and risk reduction should be improved.
Serum CD14 concentration is associated with obesity and insulin resistance in non-diabetic individuals
Authors: Kang Yea Eun , Joung Kyong Hye , Kim Ji Min , Lee Ju Hee , Kim Hyun Jin , Ku Bon Jeong
Published: October 2022

Objective

CD14 is a lipopolysaccharide-binding protein that serves as a marker of monocytes. The role of circulating CD14 in patients with obesity without diabetes remains unknown. Here, we characterized the relationships between serum CD14 concentration and metabolic parameters related to diabetes and obesity.

Methods

We performed an observational, prospective case–control study. Eighty participants were evaluated: 26 drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 54 healthy individuals. We compared the circulating CD14 concentration and metabolic parameters of the participants with and without diabetes.

Results

The circulating CD14 concentration did not significantly differ between the two groups, but was lower in participants with obesity than in lean controls. No significant associations existed between CD14 concentration and metabolic parameters in the participants with diabetes, but in those without diabetes, the circulating CD14 concentration significantly negatively correlated with body mass index; waist circumference; the concentrations of fasting insulin, 2-hour post-load glucose, 2-h post-load insulin, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; homeostasis model of assessment (HOMA) of insulin resistance; and HOMA beta-cell function.

Conclusions

This is the first study to show associations of serum CD14 concentration with metabolic parameters in non-diabetic individuals. Circulating CD14 may represent a useful biomarker of metabolic dysfunction in non-diabetic individuals.