bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient Paddy Grains Quality Assessment Approach Utilizing Affordable Sensors
Authors: Kumar Teerath , Singh Aditya , Raj Kislay , Roy Arunabha M.
Published: September 2023

In the realm of computer vision, paddy (Oryza Sativa) plays a pivotal
role as a globally consumed staple crop. Its cultivation, harvesting,
processing, and storage involve intricate quality control. Numerous
factors, including weather conditions and irrigation frequency,
influence grain quality. To address this, we present an innovative
approach that combines image processing and machine learning (ML).
Existing methods for rice grain quality assessment, while valuable, are
tailored to rice-specific characteristics, employing complex and costly
setups and opaque ML models. Our research overcomes these limitations
with a robust ML-based IoT system for paddy grain quality assessment,
using affordable sensors, a comprehensive data collection process, and
an ML-driven image processing model. Importantly, our approach utilizes
interpretable features like Shape, Size, Moisture, and Maturity for
paddy grain classification. Rigorous real-world testing confirms its
precision, marking it as the first automated system capable of providing
a reliable overall quality metric. Our system’s unique feature lies in
its transparency, with clear features and fuzzy rules, inspiring
confidence and trust. While our experiments primarily feature Indian
Subcontinent grain varieties, the system’s adaptability to diverse paddy
types is evident, contributing significantly to computer vision.
Mithra in Light of Buddhism and Manichaean: Savior Figure
Authors: Azimi Moein
Published: September 2023

Throughout the annals of human history, various religious traditions have featured savior figures, divine beings whose purpose is to guide, inspire, and offer salvation to their followers. In Manichaeism, Mithra, sometimes referred to as ”Mihr,” was considered one of the divine beings who played a significant role in the salvation of souls. Manichaeans believed in a dualistic cosmology with the struggle between light and darkness, and Mithra was associated with the forces of light. On the other hand, in the vast tapestry of Buddhist beliefs and prophecies, one figure stands out as a beacon of hope for the future-Maitreya, the Buddha of loving-kindness and compassion. Revered across various Buddhist traditions, Maitreya is believed to be the fifth and future Buddha who will come to guide humanity toward enlightenment when the teachings of Gautama Buddha have faded into obscurity. The connections and adaptations between figures like Maitreya and Mithra demonstrate the complex nature of religious and cultural exchanges throughout history. This study proposes that Maitreya and Mithra are the same figure, based on historical and linguistic similarities.
Anomalous Meltwater from Ice Sheets and Ice Shelves is a Historical Forcing
Authors: Schmidt Gavin A. , Romanou Anastasia , Roach Lettie , Mankoff Ken , li Qian , Rye Craig Daniel , Kelley Maxwell , Marshall John C , Busecke Julius J.M.
Published: September 2023

Recent mass loss from ice sheets and ice shelves is now persistent and
prolonged enough that it impacts downstream oceanographic conditions. To
demonstrate this, we use an ensemble of coupled GISS-E2.1-G simulations
forced with historical estimates of anomalous freshwater, in addition to
other climate forcings, from 1990 through 2019. In this ensemble there
are detectable differences in zonal-mean sea surface temperatures (SST)
and sea ice in the Southern Ocean, and in regional sea level around
Antarctica and in the western North Atlantic. These impacts mostly
improve the model’s representation of historical changes, including
reversing the forced trends in Southern Ocean surface temperature and
Antarctic sea ice. The changes in SST may have implications for
estimates of the SST pattern effect on climate sensitivity and for cloud
feedbacks. We conclude that the changes are sufficiently large that
these drivers should be included in all-forcing historical simulations
in coupled model intercomparisons.
Role of Clouds in the Urban Heat Island and Extreme Heat: Houston-Galveston metropolitan area case.
Authors: Mejia John F. , Heano Juan J. , Eslami Ebrahim
Published: September 2023

The study and simulation of the Urban Heat Island (UHI) and Heat Index
(HI) effects in the Houston-Galveston metropolitan area demand special
attention, particularly in considering moist processes aloft. During the
warm season, the afternoon sea breeze phenomenon in this coastal city
acts as a natural air conditioner for city residents, facilitating the
dispersion of pollutants, moisture, and heat. To delve into the
intricate relationships among urbanization, clouds, and land-sea
interaction, we conducted cloud- and urban-resolving simulations at a
900 m grid resolution. Results show that urbanization correlates with
the presence of shallower cumulus clouds, cloud bases at higher
altitudes, and increased cloud duration over the Galveston-Houston
region compared to rural areas. These urban clouds benefit from the
enhanced sensible heat and dynamic drag imparted by the urban landscape,
thereby intensifying vertical mixing and moisture flux convergence. This
dynamic interplay uplifts heat and moisture convergence, contributing to
the enhancement of moist static energy that sustains the additional
urban convection. Interestingly, our findings suggest that urbanization
augments the mean HI while mitigating its afternoon high. An urban
circulation dome emerges, overpowering the influence of land-sea
circulations. Contrary to expectations, urbanization doesn’t seem to
promote a stronger sea breeze that would favor moist and cooler air mass
to the city. Instead, the influence of urbanization on cloud enhancement
emerges as a crucial pathway responsible for reducing the afternoon HI
values. Moreover, uncertainties in SSTs are closely linked to the
sensitivities of land-sea circulations, which in turn modulate UHI and
extreme heat indicators.
Seasonal and Vertical Tidal Variability in the Southeastern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Mantel Nadav , Gildor Hezi , Feliks Yizhak , Poulain Pierre-Marie , Mauri Elena , Menna Milena
Published: September 2023

Currents and pressure records from the DeepLev mooring station (Eastern
Levantine Basin) are analyzed to identify the dominant tidal
constituents and their seasonal and depth variability. Harmonic and
spectral analysis on seasonal segments of currents and pressure reveal
attributes of the tidal regime in the Eastern Levantine Basin: (1)
Dominant semidiurnal sea-level variability; (2) seasonal variation of
semidiurnal and diurnal tides found in both currents and pressure
datasets; and (3) significant diurnal currents with weak semidiurnal
currents in all seasons. The most dominant tidal constituent found from
the pressure dataset is the M2 (12.4 h). Results from pressure datasets
generally agree with previous models and observations of semidiurnal
tides, while the diurnal tides are larger than previously reported by
8-9 cm in the winter and 1-2 cm in the summer. The surface current
variability differs from the one reported before in the Eastern
Levantine Basin, with M2 magnitudes weaker by 1 cm, while the diurnal
tides (K1, O1) are 1-2 cm larger. Seasonal segments showed seasonal
differences in the local tidal regime’s amplitudes, with the K1 (7 cm
difference between winter and fall) and S2 (4 cm difference between
summer and fall) the most pronounced. We analyzed the M2 and S2 tides
using surface drifters near DeepLev at different dataset lengths while
considering the time constraints needed to resolve the tides adequately.
The longer the dataset, the higher the resolution of the tidal analysis
and the lower the amplitude leakages from nearby frequencies resulting
in weaker tidal currents.
Crustal resistivity structure of the Lunpola basin in central Tibet and its tectonic implications
Authors: Xue Shuai , Lu Zhanwu
Published: September 2023

In the central Tibetan Plateau, an east-west trending band of basins is
developed. How such topography formed and the underlying geodynamic
processes are still in debate. Magnetotelluric data were collected
across the Lunpola basin to study the crustal structure beneath central
Tibet. Phase tensors and 3-D inversion are employed to obtain the
electrical resistivity model. Our model clearly portrays conductive
sedimentary layers beneath the basins with average resistivity of 2.0
Ω·m. The low-resistivity mid-to-lower crust is revealed beneath the
Lunpola basin with bulk resistivity of 20 Ω·m and fluid fraction of
1.3-3.0%, which would be attributed to partial melting. Compared to the
significant conductive crust in southern Tibet, the crustal rheology is
less well developed beneath central Tibet. We propose that the
asthenospheric flow beneath central Tibet is responsible for the crustal
partial melting and drives the eastward escape of the continental
lithosphere in a rigid block fashion.
Dryland watersheds in flux: How nitrogen deposition and changing precipitation regimes shape nitrogen export
Authors: Ren Jianning , Hanan Erin , D'Odorico Paolo , Tague Christina , Schimel Joshua , Homyak Peter M
Published: September 2023

Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition and climate change are transforming
the way N moves through dryland watersheds. For example, N deposition is
increasing N export to streams, which may be exacerbated by changes in
the magnitude, timing, and intensity of precipitation (i.e., the
precipitation regime). While deposition controls the amount of N
entering a watershed, the precipitation regime influences rates of
internal cycling; when and where soil N, plant roots, and microbes are
hydrologically connected; how quickly plants and microbes assimilate N;
and rates of denitrification, runoff, and leaching. We used the
ecohydrological model RHESSys to investigate (1) how N dynamics differ
between N-limited and N-saturated conditions in a dryland watershed, and
(2) how total precipitation and its intra-annual intermittency (i.e.,
the time between storms in a year), interannual intermittency (i.e., the
duration of dry months across multiple years), and interannual
variability (i.e., variance in the amount of precipitation among years)
modify N dynamics. Streamflow N export was more sensitive to increasing
intermittency and variability in N-limited vs. N-saturated model
scenarios, particularly when total precipitation was lower—the
opposite was true for denitrification. N export and denitrification
increased or decreased the most with increasing interannual
intermittency compared to other changes in precipitation timing. This
suggests that under future climate change, prolonged droughts that are
followed by more intense storms may pose a major threat to water quality
in dryland watersheds.
SAS-HRM: Secure Authentication System for Human Resource Management
Authors: Abdullah Reem M. , Alazawi Sundos A. Hameed , Ehkan Phaklen
Published: September 2023

To guarantee data confidentiality and information sensitivity, human resource management requires secure systems. In the field of authorization and dependability in recognizing and identifying persons, facial recognition has grown in importance. In this research, a secure authentication system is proposed based on biometric aspects of the user's face and identifying it using the CNN classification model is provided to give access to human resource management and update data. The system is divided into four major stages: First, set up the system environment, beginning with smart cards, card readers, Arduino, and so on. Second, after undergoing pre-treatment steps, the facial characteristics are extracted using LDA. Third, create a high-accuracy CNN model to recognize and classify the user's face among the system's users. Finally, the user is allowed to enter the system and update his information. When compared to the accuracy of classification using machine learning techniques with a CNN proposed model, the accuracy of the model with LDA was up to 100%. K-NN has 91%, while TD has 94%.
Pivotal Role of Serum IL-37 In Patients with Chronic HBV and HCV
Authors: Al-Jaryan Ellaf Abdulljabbar , Alsaadi Luma Ghaeb , Alubadi Alia Essam , Magtooph Majida Ghazi
Published: September 2023

Interleukin-37 (IL-37) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that has an intrinsic role in many diseases through its extracellular and intracellular mechanisms. It was found to be in high concentrations in chronic diseases. In this study, the concentration of IL-37 was measured in 62 patients with chronic hepatitis C and 65 patients with chronic hepatitis B with 38 individuals as Healthy group using ELISA to confirm that IL-37 can be used a biomarker for hepatitis chronic diseases. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to support this hypothesis. IL-37 levels were significantly higher in viral hepatitis patients (Hepatitis C virus and Hepatitis B virus) than in controls (92.28 ± 47.5, 83.1±43.44, 42.8±12.14 ng/L), respectively with p= 0.00001. The ROC curve showed that all hepatitis patients (HCV and HBV) could be distinguished from the control group according to their levels of IL-37 with an AUC value for HBV was 0.886, while for HCV was 0.955.  In addition, the cut-off value for IL37 in patients suffer from HBV was 58.55 ng/L with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 100 %, while the cut-off value for IL37 in HCV patients was 57.27 ng /L with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 97%. This study concluded there was an increase in the IL-37 concentration in patients with chronic HBV and HCV.
Determination of azo dyes using Smartphone Digital Image
Authors: Mahdi Neda Ibrahem
Published: September 2023

The development of an economical and simple colorimetric system based on a smartphone camera and image processing was included in this study.  This method was applied to determine three azo dyes namely: Methyl Blue (M.B), Methyl Red (M.R) and Methyl Orange (M.O) using the smartphone's camera as a detector. The results of the radar diagrams were giving a good agreement with the results of the calibration curves which were built using data of RGB for each dye. For establishing the accuracy and precision of this method, a classical method (spectrophotometric) was used for validation. This advancement in smartphone-based detection and identification systems will revolutionize environmental monitoring, ensuring rapid and effective diagnosis of contaminants for individuals and communities. Streamlining the Digital image colorimetry DIC process on smartphones is essential to public health and safety while promoting more conscious and sustainable practices worldwide.
Mimar Olmak Ya da Kadın Olmak Tezahürleriyle, Cumhuriyetin İlk Kadın Mimarlarından Leyla Asım Turgut
Authors: İGÜS Esma
Published: September 2023

Bu makale, Osmanlı Devleti’nin Hariciye Nazırı Mustafa Asım Turgut’un kızı, Devlet Güzel Sanatlar Akademisi mezunu Türkiye’nin ilk kadın mimarlarından ve Akademi Mimarlık Şubesinin ilk kadın akademisyeni Yüksek Mimar Leyla Asım Turgut’a dairdir. Çalışmanın temel amacı, kadın/mimarlık tarihine dair yapılan çalışmalara, Leyla Asım Turgut biyografisi ile katkı sağlamaktır. Leyla Asım Turgut figürü üzerinden 1940 ve 1950’ler Türkiye’sinde kadın mimarların erkek mimarlarla aralarındaki cinsiyete dayalı mesleki iktidar ilişkilerini sorgulamak bu makalenin üzerinde durduğu bir başka noktadır. Metnin yazılmasını kolaylaştırıcı unsur, Leyla Asım Turgut’un tıpkı Avrupa’daki aristokrat aileler gibi aile geçmişi ve kendi kişisel geçmişine dair kayıtları koruyarak özel arşivini oluşturmasıdır. Bu arşivin bir kısmını vasiyetinde, Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi İstanbul Resim Heykel Müzesi ve İstanbul Kitaplığı Çelik Gülersoy Vakfı’na bağışlamıştır. Metnin oluşumunda literatür taramasının beraberinde bu iki kuruma devredilen Leyla Turgut Terekesindeki, fotoğraflardan ve arşiv malzemesinden yararlanılmıştır. Fotoğrafların arkasına el yazısı ile yazılmış özel notlar biyografinin kurgulanmasında kolaylaştırıcı, hatta biyografinin doğruluğunu sağlayan unsur olmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi, Kadın, Mimar, Leyla Asım Turgut

This article is about Master Architect Leyla Asım Turgut, the daughter of Mustafa Asım Turgut, the Foreign Minister of the Ottoman Empire, a graduate of the State Academy of Fine Arts, one of the first female architects in Turkey and the first female academician of the Architecture Department of the Academy. The main purpose of this study is to contribute to the study of women's/architecture history through the biography of Leyla Asım Turgut. Questioning the gendered professional power relations between female and male architects in 1940s and 1950s Turkey through the figure of Leyla Asım Turgut is another point that this article emphasises. What facilitated the writing of the text was the fact that Leyla Asım Turgut, like aristocratic families in Europe, created her own private archive, preserving records of her family history and her own personal history. In her will, she donated part of this archive to the Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University Istanbul Painting and Sculpture Museum and the Istanbul Library Çelik Gülersoy Foundation. The photographs and archival material from the Leyla Turgut Terekesi, which have been transferred to these two institutions, have been used in the preparation of the text. Special handwritten notes on the back of the photographs facilitated the construction of the biography and even ensured its accuracy.

Keywords: Woman, Architect, Türkiye, Early Republican Period, Leyla Asim Turgut.
Gerçek ve Kurgu Arasında İskender Bey: Margherita Sarrocchi’nin Scandarbeide’si Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: HÜSEYNİKLİOĞLU Ayşe Gül , YAVUZCAN Gaye
Published: September 2023

XIV. yüzyıl sonlarında Osmanlı padişahını metbû tanıyan Arnavut beylerinden Gjan (İvan) Kastriyota’nın oğlu İskender Bey, babası tarafından rehin verildiği Osmanlı sarayında bir Müslüman olarak yetişmiş, ancak 1444 yılında irtidad ve Osmanlı devletine isyan etmiştir. Çeyrek asırdan uzun müddet Osmanlı devletiyle devam eden mücadelesi yaşadığı dönemde Osmanlı karşıtlığında birleştiği Avrupa güçlerinden destek görmekle kalmamış, çağını aşan etkiler bırakmıştır. Onun hayatı henüz XV. yüzyıl sonunda Demetrio Franco ve XVI. yüzyıl başlarında Marin Barleti tarafından kaleme alınmış, bu eserler Avrupa’da da tanınmış ve yayılmıştır. Avrupa’da Osmanlı tehdidi Türk imajının şekillenmesini belirlerken, İskender Bey de tarihsel kişiliğinin ötesinde, Balkanlar’da Türk karşıtı mücadelenin önde gelen figürlerinden biri olma özelliğiyle Avrupa edebiyatında İtalyancadan Fransızcaya çeşitli dillerde yazılan eserlere konu olmuştur. Bu eserler arasında Margherita Sarrochi’nin XVII. yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinde yazdığı Scadarbeide’si yer alır ve bir kadın tarafından kaleme alınmasından edebî özelliklerine çeşitli yönleriyle dikkati çeker.

Bu çalışmada Margherita Sarrochi’nin söz konusu eseri, Avrupa’da Türk imgesinin şekillendirme ve dışa vurmadaki yeri bağlamında değerlendirilecektir. İskender Bey ve onun adeta bir destan kahramanı haline gelme süreci özetlenecek, hakkındaki yazının Avrupa’daki yansımaları ve bunlar arasında Margherita Sarrochi’nin eseri ele alınacaktır. Nihayet Margherita Sarrochi’nin Scanderbeide’sinde Türklere karşı mücadelenin bir Avrupalı gözüyle edebî olarak işlenmesindeki hususiyetler tespit edilecektir.
XII ve XIII. Yüzyıllarda Türkiye Selçuklu Hükümdarlarının Uyguladıkları Ekonomik Politikalar ve Bunların Ahiliğin Gelişimine Etkileri
Authors: ÇELİK Rıfat İlhan
Published: September 2023

Öz

Makale Türkiye Selçuklu hükümdarlarından I. Gıyâseddîn Keyhüsrev (1205-1211) olmak üzere, I. İzzeddîn Keykâvus (1211-1220) ve Alâeddin Keykubad (1220-1237) dönemi ekonomi politikalarını ve bu politikaların Ahiliğin gelişimine olan etkileri ele alınmaktadır. Bu bağlamda Antalya, Alanya ve Sinop gibi limanların Türkiye Selçukluları tarafından ele geçirilişi ve bunun Selçuklu ekonomisine etkileri hakkında bahsedilmiştir. XI. yüzyılın sonlarından itibaren siyasi ve askerî açıdan konumunu güçlendiren Türkiye Selçuklu devleti ekonomik ve sosyal açıdan da gelişim gösterir. İskân ve şehirleşme faaliyetlerinin sonucu, ekonomik faaliyetler artar, ticaretin gelişmesine bağlı olarak ziraat ve üretim artar Bu müesseseler içerisinde Ahilik teşkilatı başta gelir. Ahilik teşkilatı içerisinde dahil olanlar ve olmayanlar bu ticari faaliyetleri ve üretimin gelişimine katkıda bulunur. II. Kılıç Arslan zamanında Anadolu’da ticaretin gelişimini sağlamak üzere tesis edilen kervansarayların geliştirilmesi ve yayılması sonucunda sağlanan ticaretin güvenliği, üretim artışı, sanayinin gelişimi, iç ve dış ticarete kaynak sağlamıştır. Selçuklu şehirlerinde üretim faaliyetlerinin düzenlenip geliştirilmesinde Ahilerin rolü büyüktür. Kendi aralarında hiyerarşik yapılanmaya sahip olan Ahiler, Ahi Şehylerinin yönetiminde standart kalitede üretim yapmaya çalışıyorlardı. Konya, Aksaray, Kayseri, Sivas, Erzurum gibi önemli Anadolu şehirlerinde dünyanın her tarafından gelen tüccarlar bulunduğu gibi Selçuklu tüccarları da dünyanın hemen hemen her tarafına ticaret amacı ile gidiyorlardı.
Tarihin İzdüşümünde Antakya (Antiokheia) Kentinin Depremselliği
Authors: USLU AZARAK Laleş
Published: September 2023

Depremler dünyanın oluşumundan beri süregelen doğa olaylarından biridir. Kuzeyde Avrasya, güneyde Arabistan ve Afrika plakaları arasında kalan Türkiye’den birçok fay hattı geçmektedir. Bu nedenle Türkiye’de birçok yerleşim geçmişte olduğu gibi günümüzde de deprem riski taşıdığı bilinmektedir. Son yılların en yıkıcı depremleri de denebilecek 6-20 Şubat 2023’teki Kahramanmaraş’ın Pazarcık ve Elbistan ilçeleri ile Hatay-Defne merkezli 7,7 ve 7,6 büyüklüğündeki deprem oldukça yıkıcı olmuş; çok sayıda can ve mal kaybına yol açmıştır. İnsan ve Jeomorfoloji arasındaki hayati bir ilişki vardır ve bu ilişki daha çok yerleşme alanlarının tercihinde ön plana çıkmaktadır. Jeomorfoloji ile toplulukların toplumsal ihtiyaçları arasında denge kurmak, Jeomorfolojik yönden ortaya çıkacak sorunları belirlemek ve çözmek doğal afetler sırasında oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışma 06-20 Şubat 2023 depremlerinden çok etkilenmiş olan ve geçmişten günümüze birçok yıkıcı deprem görmesine rağmen yine de sürekli bir yerleşim gösteren Antakya’nın bulunduğu coğrafi konumda birçok fay hattının geçmesinden dolayı bu kentin jeomorfolojisine genel bir bakış açısıyla değinilmiştir.

Abstract

Earthquakes are one of the natural phenomena that have been going on since the formation of the world. Earthquakes occurring in fault lines where tectonic plates collide or slide towards each other may be of low intensity or very severe. Many fault lines pass through Turkey, which is located between Eurasia in the north, Arabia and Africa plates in the south. For this reason, many settlements in Turkey are at risk of earthquakes today as in the past. The 7.8 magnitude earthquake that struck southern Turkey (based in Kahramanmaraş) and Syria on February 6, 2023, which can also be called the most destructive earthquakes of recent years, was unfortunately quite destructive and caused many loss of life and property. There is a vital relationship between humans and geomorphology, and this relationship is more prominent in the preference of settlement areas. It is very important to establish a balance between geomorphology and the social needs of communities, to identify and solve geomorphological problems during natural disasters. This study has addressed the geomorphology of this city from a general perspective due to the passage of many fault lines in the geographical location of Antakya, which has been very affected by the earthquakes of 06-20 February 2023 and has seen many destructive earthquakes from the past to the present, but still shows a continuous settlement; important and destructive earthquakes in the past have been examined and scientific findings aimed at minimizing the loss of life and property in possible earthquakes have been examined. Because natural disasters such as earthquakeswill cause less loss of life and property when approached with a scientific understanding.

Keywords: Ancient, Antakya, Earthquake, fault, Geomorphology
İdil-Ural Bölgesinde Eğitim Öncüsü Bir Kadın: Muhlise Bubi
Authors: ŞEN Muhammet
Published: September 2023

19. yüzyıl sonlarında İsmail Gaspıralı önderliğinde ortaya çıkan Cedîd hareketi, tüm Rusya Müslümanları üzerinde etkili olmuştu. Din, eğitim-kültür alanlarında ıslah ve reformlar yapılmasını hedefleyen Cedîdizm, ötekileştirilen kadın ve kız çocuklarını da göz ardı etmemişti. Başta eğitim-öğretim olmak üzere kız çocukları ve kadınların toplumda erkekler ile aynı haklara sahip ve aynı statüde olmalarını savunmaktaydı. Cedîd hareketinin İdil-Ural bölgesindeki en önemli isimlerinden biri de Muhlise Bubi olmuştur.

Bu çalışmada; gelenekçi eğitim anlayışı içerisinde yetişen, kadın ve kız çocuklarının çağdaş eğitim ve öğretim alabilmeleri için ömrünü vakfeden Muhlise Bubi’nin hayatı ve eğitim faaliyetleri ele alınmaktadır.
Harbin Gölgesinde İktisadî Hayat: Birinci Dünya Savaşı Yıllarında Bursa’da Ticaret ve Ziraat
Authors: DEMİRYÜREK Halim
Published: September 2023

Birinci Dünya Harbi insanlık tarihindeki en büyük felaketlerden biriydi. 1914 yılında başlayıp 1918’e kadar süren bu savaş Avrupa’dan Orta Doğu’ya, Afrika’dan Asya’ya ve hatta Amerika’ya kadar dünyanın dört bir yanını etkisi altına aldı. Tankların, uçakların, kimyasal silahların kullanıldığı savaşta, şehirler ve ülkeler harabe haline gelirken milyonlarca insan da hayatını kaybetti.

Osmanlı Devleti ise hem siyasî hem de iktisadî açıdan büyük sıkıntılarla uğraştığı bir dönemde bu savaşın içine sürüklendi. Birçok cephede çarpışan ve ekonomik bir çöküşün eşiğine gelen Osmanlı Devleti, artan gereksinimlerini sınırlı kaynaklarıyla dengelemeye çalıştı. Bu savaş Osmanlı şehirlerini de kıskacına aldı. Nitekim Osmanlı Devleti’nin önemli şehirlerinden biri olan Bursa, harbin doğrudan ve dolaylı tesirlerine maruz kalarak zorlu bir dönem yaşadı. Öyle ki savaşın uzamasıyla birlikte ortaya çıkan ekonomik problemler, işletmeleri ve fabrikaları olumsuz etkiledi. Emtia fiyatları olağanüstü derecede yükselirken, insanlar yaşamlarını sürdürmek için zorlu ekonomik şartlarla mücadele etmek zorunda kaldı.

Bu çalışma, Bursa İktisat Müdürü Vahid Bey’in 1916 ve 1917 yıllarına ait raporlarındaki verileri temel alarak, şehrin o dönemdeki tarımsal yapısını ve ticaret pratiğini değerlendirmektedir. Aynı zamanda savaşın yerel ekonomi üzerindeki etkilerini de açıklamayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmada, Osmanlı arşiv belgeleri ve alan yazınına başvurularak; nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden içerik analizi kullanılmıştır.
Muş/Tepeköy Höyük Bulguları Işığında Karaz Kültürü’nün Sonu
Authors: ÇİFTÇİ Yunus
Published: September 2023

Karaz Kültürü, yayılım coğrafyası içinde kendine özgü özellikleriyle tanımlanabilen ve iyi bilinen bir kültür olmasına karşın bazı açıklanamayan durumlarda bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan biri, belki en önemlisi kültürün Erken Tunç Çağı sonunda birden ortadan kaybolmasıdır. Çoğunlukla Kafkasya topraklarında bulunan yerleşimlerle bu sorun açıklanmaya çalışılmış ancak yeterli olmamıştır. Anadolu topraklarında ise bu durumu açıklayacak materyaller eksik ya da hiç yoktur. Ancak Tepeköy Höyük kazılarında elde edilen veriler bu duruma kısmen açıklık getirmeye, Karaz Kültürü’nün sonu, kültürel devamlılık ve diğer bazı değişimlere cevap vermeye başlamıştır. Bu bağlamda Karaz Kültürü’nün genel özellikleri ile Tepeköy Höyük’te ortaya çıkarılan Karaz Kültürü verileri karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca höyükte Erken Tunç Çağı’nın orta evresinde kendini gösteren ve Karaz Kültürü ile birlikte ortak yaşayan farklı bir kültürün ayrıntıları da ele alınmıştır. Bu yeni ikincil kültür ile Karaz Kültürü arasındaki ilişkiler ele alınarak dönemin sonlarında ortaya çıkan köklü değişimlere değinilmektedir. Genel olarak bu çalışmada bahsi geçen eksiklikler üzerinde durularak, Tepeköy Höyük verileri üzerinden cevaplar ve öneriler oluşturulmuştur.
Organization of competence-based training in the teaching of the Nature subject in general education schools
Authors: Aghajanli Khudaverdi Ali
Published: September 2023

The main aim of the article is to study the organization of the Nature subject in the competence-based teaching at schools. In recent years, the active participation of our Republic in various research programs on the assessment of student achievements has led to positive changes in textbook policy. In such programs (such as TIMSS and PISA), the reading, mathematical, and scientific literacy skills of students are studied and evaluated with specially designed tools. It should be noted that according to the results of the latest TIMSS study, our students were able to demonstrate high mathematical literacy skills. Unfortunately, their scientific literacy scores were lower than the average research score. However, the formation of scientific literacy in the natural sciences is extremely important in training competent young people for the future. In the countries whose students show high results in the TIMSS and PISA research programs (Singapore, China, South Korea, Finland, etc.), the formation of scientific literacy competence in the teaching of Natural Sciences is the main goal of national education. In the article, the way to solve the problem related to the formation of scientific literacy competence in our students at the general secondary education level with the teaching of the integrative "Nature" subject was studied; the importance and necessity of studying this subject were justified. The results of Azerbaijani students in the field of Natural Sciences in comparison with international studies are not satisfactory, the reason for this is that students do not have enough knowledge of scientific concepts and laws in Natural Sciences, and they have difficulty answering real-life situational tasks. Application importance: this theory can be implemented in general education schools.
Distribuição dos recursos do Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF) no Brasil
Authors: Gambetta Marcos Luiz , Pereira Márcia Fernanda
Published: September 2023

Diante da importância do Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF) para o desenvolvimento das comunidades rurais brasileiras e levando em consideração as críticas referentes à forma como são distribuídos os recursos do programa no Brasil, o objetivo do trabalho foi analisar a distribuição dos financiamentos do PRONAF entre as regiões brasileiras, através da metodologia de Análise da Variância (ANOVA) com variáveis dummies, e verificar se os resultados obtidos estão em conformidade (ou não) com as pesquisas divulgadas em periódicos científicos sobre o programa. Os dados para as regressões correspondem ao período de 2017 a 2021 e foram extraídos da Matriz de Dados do Crédito Rural disponível no site do Banco Central do Brasil, considerando os recursos deflacionados pelo IPCA para o ano de 2021. Os resultados evidenciaram que os possíveis motivos das diferenças médias dos valores contratados via PRONAF entre as regiões brasileiras estão ligados ao tipo de atividade (agrícola ou pecuária) e ao tipo de pessoa (física ou jurídica) que busca o recurso. Embora o Nordeste tenha o número mais expressivo de contratos, observou-se que a região Sul é a que possui os maiores valores monetários recebidos no período analisado. Essa diferença é explicada estatisticamente pelas características dos contratos. Os contratos ligados a atividades agrícolas são estatisticamente superiores aos contratos de pecuária, assim como os contratos firmados com pessoas jurídicas (cooperativas) são consideravelmente superiores aos firmados com pessoas físicas.
Palavras-chave: Economia; Agricultura Familiar; Distribuição; PRONAF; Variáveis Dummies.
Extraction of bioactive coumarins from lime peel as sample pretreatment before chromatographic analysis
Authors: Krasňanská Lucia , Hroboňová Katarína , Špačková Andrea
Published: September 2023

Analysis of lime peel was applied to assess their suitability for various intended purposes, e.g., application in perfumery, cosmetics, and cleaning products, or as a source of bioactive or other value-added compounds. Targeted analysis allows wider usability of the waste part of these natural materials. In the present study, a novel, efficient, lab-simple, time-saving analytical method for coumarins determination in lime peel, including sample pretreatment by extraction and quantification by HPLC with fluorescence detection (FLD), is introduced. Optimal conditions of ultrasound assisted extraction included water as extraction solvent, temperature of 40 °C, and extraction time of 10 min. A magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer was employed as solid phase extraction adsorbent for primary extract cleaning, isolation, and enrichment of coumarins before chromatographic analysis. Recovery of herniarin and umbelliferone was more than 86 % ((RSD ≤ 4.8 %). Linear range of 50—1000  ng/mL with correlation coefficient above 0.998 was obtained for the proposed HPLC-FLD method. The limit of quantification was 8.2 and 44 ng/mL for herniarin and umbelliferone, respectively. These results show that the proposed sample pretreatment procedure is suitable for analytical purposes and is perspective also for the analysis of other citrus samples, as well as for future scale-up preparative isolation of bioactive coumarins from citrus peel.
Role of raloxifene in the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis of rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Salari M. , Sahebary M. , Sarafraz M. , Asadi Sakhmarresi T.
Published: September 2023

Objective

Due to the severe side effects of long-term treatment using hormone replacement therapy, Raloxifene (RLX) is introduced with beneficial effects on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for postmenopausal women. This review was conducted to collect data from the available literature on RLX for the management of postmenopausal women suffering from RA.

Method

All studies published up to 2019 were searched in four databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Medline. All articles were searched using several keywords, including “Raloxifene” or “Evista” in combination with “Rheumatoid Arthritis” or “Autoimmunity”. Finally, six studies were selected for the review analysis of this study. In all studies, 60 mg/day RLX was administered for postmenopausal subjects. The majority of the studies showed that the use of RLX was effective in postmenopausal women who underwent corticosteroid therapy. No severe complications were reported after RLX therapy in patients with RA.

Result

Based on the obtained results, RLX is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that its short-term anti-arthritic effects are proven in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. It was well tolerated without serious adverse events.

Conclusion

It seems that RLX is a promising treatment candidate in postmenopausal RA due to its anti-arthritic and anti-osteoporotic effects and based on the outcomes of experimental postmenopausal arthritis in animal and human studies.
The War in Ukraine: Economic impact on Asia
Authors: Herrero Alicia García , Mu Haoxin
Published: September 2023

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 22, 2022 was a major shock for the global economy but also for Asia. Our paper reviews its impact on Asia through different channels, especially trade and finance of. We conclude that the trade and financial impact on Asia, and in particular on China, are much milder than for Europe. That said, the indirect impact, via elevated commodity prices and supply chain disruptions, has clearly had a toll on Asian economies considering their dependence on imports of fossil fuels. We also discuss China’s stance on the conflict, which may be key for its evolution down the road.
Working Together: Elite Global Financiers and Senior Government Officials
Authors: Meyer David R.
Published: September 2023

Elite global financiers and senior government officials engage in economic diplomacy as they work together to achieve their goals. However, their co-dependent relationship is a source of tension because their goals do not always align. The thesis is that elite financiers and senior government officials mitigate these inherent tensions in their economic diplomacy relationships through building moderate to strong ties with each other. The empirical evidence to examine this thesis comes from interviews with 10 elite financiers in leading global financial centres. Their responsibilities require they interface with senior government officials. The results demonstrate that moderate to strong ties developed in face-to-face meetings between financiers and senior officials comprise crucial mechanisms to manage the tensions in their economic diplomacy
Influence of Soft Soil Samples Quality on the Compressibility and Undrained Shear Strength – Seven Lessons Learned From the Vistula Marshlands
Authors: Konkol Jakub
Published: September 2023

This technical article presents the influence of sample quality on the compressibility parameters and undrained shear strength (c
u) of soft soils from the Vistula Marshlands. The analysis covers: (1) quality of soft soil according to three criteria: void ratio (Δe/e
0 index), volumetric strain (Δɛ
v) and C
r/C
c ratio; (2) influence of storage time on quality; (3) influence of sample quality on undrained shear strength (c
u), and (4) reliability of compression and undrained shear strength parameters estimation. The sample quality of three different soft soils (peat, organic clays, and organic silts) was investigated using dataset of geotechnical investigations from the Vistula Marshlands. The reliability of oedometer tests and compressibility parameters determination was shown. Different undrained shear strength estimates (from lab and field tests) were juxtaposed with sample quality. In situ estimates of undrained shear strength were compared with results of triaxial tests and direct simple shear test on reconstituted samples as well as SHANSEP estimates.

The results of research are grouped in seven lessons. The most important outcomes are: (1) the quality of samples is at best moderate or poor and there is no significant influence of storage time on sample quality, (2) regardless of testing method, the undrained shear strength natural variability of the Vistula Marshlands soft soils is between 20% and 50% depending on deposit depth and soil type, (3) the most accurate estimation of undrained shear strength can be obtained from field vane test (FVT) while unconsolidated, undrained compression (UUC) triaxial tests should be avoided, (4) SHANSEP approach can be considered as a valuable estimate of c
u (next to the FVTs), which additionally allows in relatively easy way to establish lower and upper bounds of c
u.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Pembayaran Digital Berbasis Kartu RFID Menggunakan Arduino Kantin Kewirausahaan
Authors: Maharani Putu Ary Silvia , Piarsa I Nyoman , Rusjayanthi Ni Kadek Dwi
Published: September 2023

Kegunaan teknologi sangat penting di kehidupan manusia karena dengan adanya teknologi dapat mempercepat kegiatan ataupun aktivitas manusia. SMK Negeri 1 Bangli melalui pembelajaran teaching factory dengan pengembangan kurikulum merdeka menjadikan sinkronisasi proses standar dan prosedur di INDUKA. Fokus penelitian ini membangun sebuah perangkat yang terintegrasi dalam transaksi pembayaran menggunakan kartu RFID melalui database dimana setiap data berupa ID pengguna dan saldo untuk pembayaran akan tersimpan di dalam system dan terkoneksi di web lokal database. Hasil pengujian dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin dekat letak jarak antara modul Reader RFID dengan RFID Tag atau RFID Card maka tingkat kesalahan pembacaan semakin rendah. Besar ideal pembacaan 100% adalah rentang terletak pada jarak 3 cm baik di alat tapping satu maupun alat tapping dua. Pengukuran jarak baca sudah dilakukan dengan berbagai posisi dengan RFID Reader maka hasil yang didapatkan dengan prosentase keberhasilan dengan jarak 3cm. Sedangkan posisi RFID Card yang memiliki tingkat sensitivitas paling tinggi adalah bagian muka dengan percobaan 6 kali baik di alat tapping satu dan alat tapping dua memenuhi untuk terbaca 100%.
Perancangan Sistem Pencatatan Persediaan Barang Berbasis Mobile (Studi Kasus : Toko Sini Jaya)
Authors: Dewi Faradila Kusuma , Cahyono Najwa Fathiro , Margono Ferdi Puguh , 'Uyun Khurrotul , Pradhistya Safitri , Fitri Anindo Saka
Published: September 2023

Digitalisasi menjadi era yang berkembang, kebutuhan masyarakat terhadap teknologi semakin meningkat untuk mempermudah pekerjaan. Toko Sini Jaya merupakan toko sembako yang menjual berbagai macam kebutuhan pokok dan rumah tangga. Proses bisnis yang terjadi pada Toko Sini Jaya belum menerapkan digitalisasi, sistem informasi apapun belum diterapkan sehingga semua proses mulai dari pencatatan barang hingga laporan penjualan masih dibukukan secara manual sehingga kurang akurat dan efisien. Pada penelitian ini, peneliti melakukan perancangan sistem pencatatan persediaan barang pada Toko Sini Jaya berbasis mobile dengan menggunakan metode ICONIX Process. Tahapan ICONIX process yang dilakukan yaitu, pembuatan domain model, desain antarmuka, use case, robustness, dan sequence diagram yang diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan dalam tahap implementasi.
PROTOTIPE BILLING PLAYSTATION MENERAPKAN INTERNET OF THINGS
Authors: Maharani Ni Putu Berliana , Piarsa I Nyoman , Pratama I Putu Agus Eka
Published: September 2023

Penelitian penyewaan playstation masih dilakukan secara manul menggunakan remote sebagai media menyalakan dan menghidupkannya sebuah televisi dan playstation. Penerapan sistem manual tidaklah efisien karena rentan terjadinya kecurangan dalam mengelola timer/waktu penyewaan. Penelitian ini merupakan sebuah prototipe sistem billing playstation yang menerapkan teknologi internet of thing. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode prototype. Dibuatkannya sebuah alat pembayaran penyewaan playstation yang terdiri dari RFID berfungsi untuk media pembayaran penyewaan oleh pelanggan yang ingin melakukan penyewaan playstation dan relay digunakan untuk menyalakan dan mematikan sebuah televisi dan playstation. NodeMcu digunakan sebagai media untuk memproses data dan digunakan untuk menghubungkan alat RFID dan relay ke server pusat melalui jaringan internet. Aplikasi berbasis desktop digunakan untuk melakukan pengolahan data, monitoring, serta transaksi yang dilakukan oleh pegawai admin. Penelitian prototipe billing playstation menerapakan teknologi internet of thing menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Aplikasi berbasis desktop menggunakan bahasa C# dan C++. Hasil uji coba dapat disimpulkan pada penelitian ini yaitu sistem prototipe sudah bekerja dengan baik dan sudah sesuai dengan fitur aplikasi desktop yang tersedia, Disimpulkan dengan penerapan internet of thing usaha kecil seperti playstation dapat meningkatkan efisien kinerja karena semua berjalan otomatis.
Alternative Management of Raoiella Indica Hirst, 1924 (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) With Passion Fruit Seed Extract
Authors: Cuzzuol Thiago Nieiro , Piffer Ana Beatriz Mamedes , Holtz Anderson Mathias , Marchiori Johnatan Jair de Paula , Holtz Filipe Garcia , De Carvalho José Romário , Aguiar Ronilda Lana , Fontes Patrícia Soares Furno
Published: September 2023

Objective: The aim of this work was to evaluate the acaricidal potential of the passion fruit seed extract (Passiflora edulis) in controlling the red palm mite (R. indica).
 
Theoretical framework: Raoiella indica is a pest mite of agricultural interest, considered one of the main pests of banana, coconut, date palm, and ornamental crops.
 
Method: The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design using passion fruit seed extract, with 7 repetitions and 12 R. indica individuals per repetition. The concentration tested was 1.0; 1.72; 2.95; 5.08; 8.73, and 15.0 %. The experimental units consisted of coconut leaf discs (4 cm in diameter) with moist cotton at the bottom of the Petri dish (10.0 x 1.2 cm) and around the disc to maintain turgidity and prevent the mites from escaping. The application was carried out using an airbrush, connected to a compressor calibrated with a constant pressure of 1.3 psi and 1 mL of solution per plate. The evaluation was conducted at intervals of 24, 48, and 72 hours following the extract's spraying.
 
Results and discussion: Mortality was observed in the dose-response model, the concentration of 15 % showed mortality rates greater than 98.8 % of individuals. Amounts of phenolics of 10.242, tannins of 14.837, and flavonoids of 9.700 in mg g-1 were found, attributing the mortality of individuals to the presence of these compounds. It was concluded that the passion fruit seed extract has an acaricidal effect on R. indica in the laboratory.
 
Implications of the research: Alternative pest management has grown substantially in recent years, given the demand for more sustainable products in the agricultural field. The use of botanical extracts is beneficial to the environment, as it does not promote soil and water contamination and can be an efficient method for controlling agricultural pests.
 
Originality/value: This article adds value to research areas such as alternative management of agricultural pests, and sustainability and suggests a change in the environmentally conscious behavior of rural producers.
Penggunaan Campuran POFA (Palm Oil Fuel Ash) Dan Gypsum Sebagai Stabilisasi Tanah Gambut Ditinjau Dari Nilai CBR (California Bearing Ratio)
Authors: Fitriani Annisa Rizki Sulardi , Dwina Dila Oktarise , Alfernando Oki
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini membahas pemanfaatan campuran abu limbah pembakaran cangkang sawit (POFA) dan gypsum. Variasi penambahan POFA sebesar 0 persen, 45 persen, 50 persen, 55 persen, 60 persen, dan gypsum sebesar 10 persen  terhadap berat tanah kering dengan waktu perendaman 4 hari. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui daya dukung tanah dengan penambahan material berupa POFA dan gypsum di tinjau dari nilai CBR. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini yaitu tanah gambut asli sebagai tanah dengan kandungan organik yang tinggi termasuk kedalam golongan A-8 menurut sistem AASHTO dan disimbolkan dengan peat berdasarkan sistem USCS. Sampel tanah pada lokasi desa gambut jaya  termasuk tanah yang memiliki daya dukung yang jelek karena memiliki nilai (California Bearing Ratio) CBR 1,08 persen. Pada tanah campuran POFA dan gypsum diperoleh nilai CBR yang meningkat pada umur perendaman 4 hari sebesar 4,76 persen CBR tertinggi didapat pada variasi campuran 45 persen POFA dan 10 persen gypsum terhadap tanah kering dengan masa perendaman 4 hari.
Racismo e paradoxo da visibilidade em Cidadã, de Claudia Rankine
Authors: Gomes Anderson
Published: September 2023

Este artigo objetiva investigar como a obra Cidadã: Uma Lírica Americana (2014), da poeta jamaicana-estadunidense Claudia Rankine, discute questões raciais contemporâneas a partir do que chamamos de “paradoxo da visibilidade” – como a hipervigilância do corpo negro se relaciona à invisibilidade do negro como cidadão. O trabalho terá dois focos de análise: a excessiva fiscalização dos corpos negros e a construção de uma ideia de negritude pela imaginação dos brancos. Assim, pretendemos demonstrar como a obra de Rankine fornece rico material para estudar questões de identidade racial e direitos humanos.
Com Justiça Poética: Três Momentos da Poesia Brasileira Contemporânea com Conceição Evaristo, Cristiane Sobral e Adriane Garcia
Authors: Andrade Coimbra Rosicley , Dias Araujo Susylene
Published: September 2023

Análise de poemas selecionados de três poetas brasileiras contemporâneas: Conceição Evaristo, Cristiane Sobral e Adriane Garcia. Parte-se do pressuposto de que a poesia é ação diante dos impasses da realidade social. A ideia de “justiça poética” (PELLEJERO, 2017) servirá como percurso de leitura dos poemas selecionados e será lida como a negação de um ponto final no traçado da história. Nesse sentido, a literatura cria espaços para reflexões acerca de problemas sociais originários de questões históricas não resolvidas. Pode-se dizer que as poetas substituem uma licença poética pela ideia de justiça poética, mais ativa, convidando o leitor a uma reflexão sobre direitos humanos e democracia.