bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Space weathering acts strongly on the uppermost surface of Ryugu
Authors: Matsuoka Moe , Kagawa Ei-ichi , Amano Kana , Nakamura Tomoki , Tatsumi Eri , Osawa Takahito , Hiroi Takahiro , Milliken Ralph , Domingue Deborah , Takir Driss , Brunetto Rosario , Barucci Antonella , Kitazato Kohei , Sugita Seiji , Fujioka Yuri , Sasaki Osamu , Kobayashi Shiho , Iwata Takahiro , Morota Tomokatsu , Yokota Yasuhiro , Kouyama Toru , Honda Rie , Kameda Shingo , Cho Yuichiro , Yoshioka Kazuo , Sawada Hirotaka , Hayakawa Masahiko , Sakatani Naoya , Yamada Manabu , Suzuki Hidehiko , Honda Chikatoshi , Ogawa Kazunori , Shirai Kei , Lantz Cateline , Rubino Stefano , Yurimoto Hisayoshi , Noguchi Takaaki , Okazaki Ryuji , Yabuta Hikaru , Naraoka Hiroshi , Sakamoto Kanako , Tachibana Shogo , Yada Toru , Nishimura Masahiro , Nakato Aiko , Miyazaki Akiko , Yogata Kasumi , Abe Masanao , Okada Tatsuaki , Usui Tomohiro , Yoshikawa Makoto , Saiki Takanao , Tanaka Satoshi , Terui Fuyuto , Nakazawa Satoru , Watanabe Sei-ichiro , Tsuda Yuichi
Published: September 2023

Returned samples from Cb-type asteroid (162173) Ryugu exhibit very dark spectra in visible and near-infrared ranges, generally consistent with the Hayabusa2 observations. A critical difference is that a structural water absorption of hydrous silicates is around twice as deep in the returned samples compared with those of Ryugu’s surface, suggesting Ryugu surface is more dehydrated. Here we use laboratory experiments data to indicate the spectral differences between returned samples and asteroid surface are best explained if Ryugu surface has (1) higher porosity, (2) larger particle size, and (3) more space-weathered condition, with the last being the most effective. On Ryugu, space weathering by micrometeoroid bombardments promoting dehydration seem to be more effective than that by solar-wind implantation. Extremely homogeneous spectra of the Ryugu’s global surface is in contrast with the heterogeneous S-type asteroid (25143) Itokawa’s spectra, which suggests space weathering has proceeded more rapidly on Cb-type asteroids than S-type asteroids.
Genetic and clinical variables act synergistically to impact neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with single ventricle heart disease
Authors: Miller Thomas A. , Hernandez Edgar J. , Gaynor J. William , Russell Mark W. , Newburger Jane W. , Chung Wendy , Goldmuntz Elizabeth , Cnota James F. , Zyblewski Sinai C. , Mahle William T. , Zak Victor , Ravishankar Chitra , Kaltman Jonathan R. , McCrindle Brian W. , Clarke Shanelle , Votava-Smith Jodie K. , Graham Eric M. , Seed Mike , Rudd Nancy , Bernstein Daniel , Lee Teresa M. , Yandell Mark , Tristani-Firouzi Martin
Published: September 2023

Background

Recent large-scale sequencing efforts have shed light on the genetic contribution to the etiology of congenital heart defects (CHD); however, the relative impact of genetics on clinical outcomes remains less understood. Outcomes analyses using genetics are complicated by the intrinsic severity of the CHD lesion and interactions with conditionally dependent clinical variables.

Methods

Bayesian Networks were applied to describe the intertwined relationships between clinical variables, demography, and genetics in a cohort of children with single ventricle CHD.

Results

As isolated variables, a damaging genetic variant in a gene related to abnormal heart morphology and prolonged ventilator support following stage I palliative surgery increase the probability of having a low Mental Developmental Index (MDI) score at 14 months of age by 1.9- and 5.8-fold, respectively. However, in combination, these variables act synergistically to further increase the probability of a low MDI score by 10-fold. The absence of a damaging variant in a known syndromic CHD gene and a shorter post-operative ventilator support increase the probability of a normal MDI score 1.7- and 2.4-fold, respectively, but in combination increase the probability of a good outcome by 59-fold.

Conclusions

Our analyses suggest a modest genetic contribution to neurodevelopmental outcomes as isolated variables, similar to known clinical predictors. By contrast, genetic, demographic, and clinical variables interact synergistically to markedly impact clinical outcomes. These findings underscore the importance of capturing and quantifying the impact of damaging genomic variants in the context of multiple, conditionally dependent variables, such as pre- and post-operative factors, and demography.
A tri-functional self-supported electrocatalyst featuring mostly NiTeO3 perovskite for H2 production via methanol–water co-electrolysis
Authors: Anantharaj Sengeni , Li Mochen , Arulraj Roshini , Eswaran Karthik , C. M. Sara Fidha , Murugesan Rajini , Maruthapillai Arthanareeswari , Noda Suguru
Published: September 2023

An extended hydrothermal treatment of Ni with restricted Te content resulted in a highly active tri-functional electrocatalyst performing the HER, OER, and MOR in alkaline medium.
In situ real-time neutron imaging of gaseous H2 adsorption and D2 exchange on carbon-supported Pd catalysts
Authors: Cavaye Hamish , Ballas Christos E. , Kockelmann Winfried , Lennon David , Collier Paul , York Andrew P. E. , Albers Peter W. , Parker Stewart F.
Published: September 2023

Real time neutron imaging allows both physical and chemical changes of a catalyst inside a reaction cell to be seen.
Design of target response wettability switchable core–shell–shell electrochemiluminescence nanoprobes for sensitive hyaluronidase detection
Authors: Li Zhixin , Wu Fangcai , Zeng Yulan , Xu Yiwei , Liu Hongning , Wang Xinjia , Luo Fang , Lin Zhenyu
Published: September 2023

The electrochemiluminescence nanoprobes can precipitate efficiently through target-regulation wettability for collection, and enrich near to the hydrophobic electrode surface through hydrophobic interaction to enhance the biosensor's performance.
Theory and modeling of light-matter interactions in chemistry: current and future
Authors: Weight Braden M. , Li Xinyang , Zhang Yu
Published: September 2023

Light-matter interaction provides rich strategies to manipulate chemistry via different mechanisms.
Single-atom infrared emission in doped silicon nanocrystals
Authors: Wang Feilong , Ou Qiongrong , Zhang Shuyu
Published: September 2023

Silicon can produce strong near- and mid-infrared emission with the first-proposed super-localized single-atom doping model in the absence of phonons. Our results show the TDM2 is increased by ∼1016 at least.
Benchmark experiments for numerical quantum chemistry
Authors: Mata Ricardo A. , Zehnacker-Rentien Anne , Suhm Martin A.
Published: September 2023

This themed collection addresses the question of numerical quantum chemistry benchmarking in its many facets, with a focus on experiment-driven practices.
Correction: Reactive oxygen nanobiocatalysts: activity-mechanism disclosures, catalytic center evolutions, and changing states
Authors: Cao Sujiao , Long Yanping , Xiao Sutong , Deng Yuting , Ma Lang , Adeli Mohsen , Qiu Li , Cheng Chong , Zhao Changsheng
Published: September 2023

Correction for ‘Reactive oxygen nanobiocatalysts: activity-mechanism disclosures, catalytic center evolutions, and changing states’ by Sujiao Cao et al., Chem. Soc. Rev., 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3cs00087g.
Exploring the crystal structure and properties of ytterbium orthoantimonate under high pressure
Authors: Garg Alka B. , Lopez-Moreno Sinhue , Botella-Vives Pablo , Gomis Oscar , Bandiello Enrico , Osman Hussien , Popescu Catalin , Errandonea Daniel
Published: September 2023

The crystal structure of YbSbO4 was determined from powder X-ray diffraction data using the Rietveld method. The effect of pressure on the crystal structure was also studied and the P–V equation of state determined.
Synthesis and feasibility studies of doping U at Ti site of Y2Ti2O7 as a radioactive waste immobilization matrix
Authors: Gumber Nitin , Shafeeq Muhammed , Gupta Santosh K. , Phatak Rohan , Kumar Goutam Uttam , Kumar Ravi , Pai Rajesh V.
Published: September 2023

The article summarieses the crystal chemistry of Y2Ti2O7 for the Incorporation of U at Ti site as nuclear waste host matrix for nuclear industry.
Using a single complex to predict the reaction energy profile: a case study of Pd/Ni-catalyzed ethylene polymerization
Authors: Lu Han , Kang Xiaohui , Yu Hang , Zhang Wenzhen , Luo Yi
Published: September 2023

Accurate and efficient prediction models for reaction energy profile with a single complex.
Dissolved LiO2 or adsorbed LiO2? The reactive superoxide during discharging process in lithium–oxygen batteries
Authors: Tan Chuan , Wang Wentao , Wu Yuping , Chen Yuhui
Published: September 2023

We study the competition between the solution route and surface route during the discharging process in Li–O2 cells.
Rationally designed acidic deep eutectic solvent induced catalysis and spontaneous catalyst recycling of Pd-catalyzed ethylene alkoxycarbonylation
Authors: Song Jianhua , Wang Xiaoping , Xu Lin , Chen Chonghao , Liu Dianhua
Published: September 2023

Rationally designed DES-induced homogeneous catalysis and heterogeneous separation of alkoxycarbonylation enabled remarkably prolonged catalyst lifespan over homogeneous systems.
CO2 sequestration in ultramafic ores: impacts on the efficiency of nickel beneficiation
Authors: Khan Shaihroz , Shoaib Mohammad , Fiddes Lindsey K. , Wani Omar Bashir , R. Bobicki Erin
Published: September 2023

Serpentine carbonation leads to its conversion to magnesite, which can solve nickel processing challenges.
An alternative reaction pathway triggered by oxygen vacancies for boosting selective hydrodeoxygenation reactions
Authors: Liu Anqiu , Liu Xixi , She Yaping , Hu Xiaoqiang , Hu Miao , Zhang Zehui , Wang Xiaochen , Liu Bing
Published: September 2023

The Co/CoOx catalyst with rich oxygen vacancies was found to be robust for mild and selective hydrodeoxygenation reactions. The oxygen vacancies promote the activation of substrates, and enable the reactions in direct hydrogenolysis pathway.
Modeling mechanisms underlying differential inflammatory responses to COVID-19 in type 2 diabetes using a patient-derived microphysiological organ-on-a-chip system
Authors: Negi Vinny , Gavlock Dillon , Miedel Mark T. , Lee Jeong Kyung , Shun Tongying , Gough Albert , Vernetti Lawrence , Stern Andrew M. , Taylor D. Lansing , Yechoor Vijay K.
Published: September 2023

Human Liver-on-a-chip microphysiological system was developed to model and COVID-19 infection in T2D patients and to screen drugs to mitigate cytokine storm syndrome and expedite drug development.
A benzothiazole-coupled NS4-donor macrocycle and its complexation-based dual-channel sensing for Hg2+: the influence of anions and structure–function relationship
Authors: Lee Yelim , Kim Joon Rae , Lee Eunji
Published: September 2023

A benzothiazole-coupled NS4-macrocycle as a dual-probe chemosensor was synthesized for the selective detection of Hg2+. The coordination abilities of anions highly influence Hg2+ sensing.
Fabrication of core–shell AuNP@UIO-66/Au nanoparticles for in situ SERS monitoring of the degradation process
Authors: Wu Zhou-Ya , Zhang Meng-Meng , Yang Yuan-Yuan , Han Sheng , Li Yuan-Ting
Published: September 2023

Core–shell structure AuNP@UIO-66/Au nanoparticles were fabricated, consisting of a 50 nm AuNP core, a UIO-66(Zr) shell, and a 4 nm AuNP layer on the shell.
Vacuum pyrolysis depolymerization of waste polystyrene foam into high-purity styrene using a spirit lamp flame for convenient chemical recycling
Authors: Yoshida Eri
Published: September 2023

Vacuum pyrolysis of waste polystyrene foam over a spirit lamp flame for 20 minutes produced 98% pure styrene without needing fractionation or purification, which promises a convenient closed-loop chemical recycling system.
Electrostatic modulation of thermoelectric transport properties of 2H-MoTe2
Authors: Zhu Tianhui , Das Sree Sourav , Nayeb Sadeghi Safoura , Tonni Farjana Ferdous , Krylyuk Sergiy , Constantin Costel , Esfarjani Keivan , Davydov Albert V. , Zebarjadi Mona
Published: September 2023

Two-dimensional layered transition metal dichalcogenides are potential thermoelectric candidates with application in on-chip integrated nanoscale cooling and power generation.
ISGylation-independent protection of cell growth by USP18 following interferon stimulation
Authors: Clancy Anne , Rusilowicz-Jones Emma V. , Wallace Iona , Swatek Kirby N. , Urbé Sylvie , Clague Michael J.
Published: September 2023

Type 1 interferon stimulation highly up-regulates all elements of a ubiquitin-like conjugation system that leads to ISGylation of target proteins. An ISG15-specific member of the deubiquitylase family, USP18, is up-regulated in a co-ordinated manner. USP18 can also provide a negative feedback by inhibiting JAK–STAT signalling through protein interactions independently of DUB activity. Here, we provide an acute example of this phenomenon, whereby the early expression of USP18, post-interferon treatment of HCT116 colon cancer cells is sufficient to fully suppress the expression of the ISG15 E1 enzyme, UBA7. Stimulation of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells with interferon reduces their growth rate but they remain viable. In contrast, A549 USP18 knock-out cells show similar growth characteristics under basal conditions, but upon interferon stimulation, a profound inhibition of cell growth is observed. We show that this contingency on USP18 is independent of ISGylation, suggesting non-catalytic functions are required for viability. We also demonstrate that global deISGylation kinetics are very slow compared with deubiquitylation. This is not influenced by USP18 expression, suggesting that enhanced ISGylation in USP18 KO cells reflects increased conjugating activity.
Akuter Querschnitt unter Systemtherapie – Radiotherapie oder OP?
Authors: Ujkic Lidija , Sutanto Ricardo , Knöll Peter , Zarghooni Kourosh , Rosenbrock Johannes , Walter Sebastian
Published: September 2023

Wirbelkörper sind eine der häufigsten Metastasenlokalisationen beim fortgeschrittenen Prostatakarzinom. Einerseits schränken Wirbelsäulenmetastasen durch begleitende Rückenschmerzen die Lebensqualität der Patienten stark ein, andererseits können Sekundärkomplikationen auftreten, die mit schwerwiegenden neurologischen Ausfallerscheinungen und Funktionsverlusten einhergehen. Neben der Schmerzreduktion stellen zum einen die lokale Tumorkontrolle, zum anderen die Wiederherstellung der spinalen Stabilität zentrale Therapieziele dar. Der Stellenwert der Chirurgie, der konventionellen Strahlentherapie und stereotaktischen Strahlentherapie, sowohl alleinstehend als auch kombiniert, wird vor diesem Hintergrund in der Literatur kontrovers diskutiert. Insbesondere der NOMS-Score erweist sich als hilfreiches Tool zur therapeutischen Entscheidungsfindung. Daten zeigen bessere postoperative Patientenoutcomes nach chirurgischer Therapie, sowohl wenn isoliert durchgeführt als auch kombiniert mit der Strahlentherapie, wobei ein Teil der untersuchten Patientenkollektive andere Primaria neben dem Prostatakarzinom miteinschließen. Vergleichsstudien, die speziell im Setting des metastasierten Prostatakarzinoms die Überlegenheit bestimmter Therapien vergleichen, sind rar. Dasselbe gilt in Bezug auf mikrochirurgische Eingriffe an spinalen Metastasen. Die isolierte Strahlentherapie nimmt insbesondere im Setting der Palliation zur Schmerzlinderung ihren Stellenwert ein, wobei ihre Effektivität zahlreich belegt ist. Therapeutisch entscheidungsführend ist die erwartete Lebensprognose der Patienten. Ein multimodaler Therapieansatz ist vor dem Hintergrund des komplexen Patientenkollektivs vonnöten, wobei aktuelle Therapietrends vor dem Hintergrund der Früherkennung spinaler Metastasen großzügiger eine operative Intervention integrieren.
Colon-Hydro-Therapie: Ausleitung von innen
Authors: Karmeli Yesha
Published: September 2023

Die Colon-Hydro-Therapie unterstützt Verdauung, Entgiftung sowie nachhaltige Darmgesundheit und basiert auf Darmspülungen, begleitet durch Bauchmassagen, Nährstoff- und Probiotikagaben. Zu den wichtigsten Indikationen zählen chronische Darmstörungen – von Verstopfung und Durchfall bis zu Entzündungen und Keimbesiedelungen –, aber auch Infektanfälligkeit, Allergien, Erschöpfung, Gelenk- und Kopfschmerzen sowie Unterstützung bei Entgiftung, Fasten oder Darmspiegelung. Im vorgestellten Praxisbeispiel verschwanden Verdauungsstörungen und Erschöpfung bei einer Patientin innerhalb von 5 Wochen im Rahmen wöchentlicher Sitzungen.
Risk factors for total laryngectomy associated proximal esophageal stricture formation in head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Schulz Dominik , Koob Isabelle , Pickhard Anja , Schmid Roland M. , Abdelhafez Mohamed
Published: September 2023

Background Development of esophageal strictures is common after the total laryngectomy of head and neck cancer patients. While endoscopic techniques like dilatation by balloon or Salvary bougies are well established, risk factors and pathophysiology for development of refractory strictures are less well understood.

Objective To evaluate risk factors associated with occurrence and recurrence of total-laryngectomy-associated esophageal strictures in head and neck cancer patients.

Methods We analyzed retrospectively a cohort of 170 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients, who underwent total laryngectomy between 2007 and 2017. The outcome measure was laryngectomy-associated proximal esophageal stricture needing an endoscopic dilatation by using a balloon or Savary dilators.

Results Of the 170 patients in the cohort, 32 (18.8%) developed strictures. Mean time between surgery and first endoscopic intervention was 24.4 months. Significant predictive factors were age ≥ 65 (p=0.017), nodal status N> 1 (p=0.003), continued alcohol abuse after surgery (p=0.005) and diabetes mellitus (p=0.005). In a subgroup, 17 of 32 patients developed refractory strictures and needed more than three dilatations to relieve dysphagia. Postoperative mean (p=0.016) and maximum (p=0.015) C-reactive protein (CRP) were predictive for refractory strictures.

Conclusion Symptomatic strictures occurred in 18.8% of the cases. Age, nodal status N>1, continued alcohol abuse and diabetes mellitus were predictive factors. For refractory stenosis (>3 dilatations needed) mean and maximum postoperative CRP were predictive. This may indicate that systemic inflammatory response post-surgery is involved in the stricture formation process.
Lewis Acid Catalyzed 4π-Electrocyclization of Donor–Acceptor Stenhouse Adducts
Authors: Kwon Yonghoon , Yoon Seung Hyeon , Park Kye Sung , Kim Jaehee
Published: September 2023

Lewis acid catalyzed 4π-electrocyclization of Donor–Acceptor Stenhouse Adducts (DASAs) has been developed. By employing catalytic quantities of Dy(OTf)3, a highly efficient transformation of acyclic DASAs into the corresponding cyclized isomers was achieved. Notably, this transformation exhibited exceptional yields, particularly in the case of first generation DASAs. In addition, Lewis acid catalysis enabled one-pot synthesis of the cyclopentenone product from the ‘donor’ and ‘acceptor’ components.
Expedient Synthesis of Superarmed Glycosyl Donors via Oxidative Thioglycosidation of Glycals
Authors: Demchenko Alexei V. , Forsythe Nicholas P. , Mize Emma R. , Kashiwagi Gustavo A.
Published: September 2023

Superarmed glycosyl donors have higher reactivity compared to their perbenzylated armed counterparts. Generally, the 2-O-benzoyl-3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl protecting group pattern gives rise to increased reactivity due to an O-2/O-5 cooperative effect. Despite having a high reactivity profile and applicability in many expeditious strategies for glycan synthesis, regioselective introduction of the superarming protecting group pattern is tedious for most sugar series. Reported herein is a streamlined synthetic route to yield superarmed glycosyl donors of the d-gluco and d-galacto series equipped with an ethylthio, phenylthio, p-tolylthio, benzoxazol-2-ylthio, O-allyl, or O-pentenyl anomeric leaving group. This streamlined approach was made possible due to the refinement of the oxidative thioglycosylation reaction of the respective glucal and galactal precursors. The applicability of this approach to the direct formation of disaccharides is also showcased.
Photo-Induced Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution of Ferric Acyl Nitrene
Authors: Zong Qianshou , Bai Tianwen , Qiu Guanyinsheng , Hou Ming , Zhang Zhide , Lai Xiaojing , Ren Miaofeng
Published: September 2023

A photo-induced intramolecular electrophilic aromatic substitution (SEAr) of N-acyloxyamides using FeCl3 in 1,4-dioxane is reported for the synthesis of biologically interesting benzoxazin-3(4H)-ones. It is believed that irradiation with a blue LED facilitates the reaction, serving as a source of energy. The SEAr reaction pathway is ascribed to the electronic effects present in the aryl ring of the substrates. The reaction is also applicable for the synthesis of useful scaffolds possessing a quinolin-2-one core, such as an anticancer reagent and analogues of brexipiprazole and cilostamide.
Novel Synthesis of Pyrido[2,3-b]quinoxaline-3-carboxylate Derivatives via One-Pot Buchwald Amination–Cyclization
Authors: Vanelle Patrice , Hajri Majdi , Khoumeri Omar , Abderrahim Raoudha , Terme Thierry
Published: September 2023

A novel series of pyrido[2,3-b]quinoxaline-3-carboxylate derivatives was synthesized in short reaction times and in moderate to good yields by using a palladium catalyst in a one-pot Buchwald amination/cyclization reaction.
Treatment of Granulomatous Mastitis with Half-Yin and Half-Yang Syndrome
Authors: Li Zhikun , Cheng Xufeng , Zhang Wenke , Zhao Huiduo
Published: September 2023

Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is a refractory chronic mastitis, which belongs to the category of “acne mammary abscess” and “ulcer” in Traditional Chinese External Medicine. According to yin-yang syndrome differentiation, the disease can be divided into yin syndrome, yang syndrome, and half-yin and half-yang syndrome. Among them, the theories and treatment of yin syndrome and yang syndrome are relatively comprehensive in Traditional Chinese External Medicine. However, the half-yin and half-yang syndrome lacks a specific theoretical elaboration and treatment system, which is a special and complex syndrome of the disease, limiting the improvement of the clinical efficacy of the disease. The core pathogenesis of GM with half-yin and half-yang syndrome is “obstruction of nutritive and defensive phases, and yin-yang obstruction.” The clinical features are local yin syndrome complicated with yang syndrome, and the disease is lingering and difficult to cure. For syndrome differentiation, it is advisable to “attach more importance to the local while less importance to the whole body.” The treatment should be based on the general principle of “eliminating yin and transforming yang.” For the use of herbs, it is recommended to adopt the methods of “the combination of the herbs in cold and warm nature, mainly with herbs in warm nature, attaching more importance to use the herbs with the function of ascending and less to descending.” Finally, restore the normal circulation of qi and blood as well as the balance of yin and yang to achieve the purpose of treatment.
Decentring the English School: challenging the boundaries of Eurocentrism in the work of Adam Watson
Authors: O’Hagan Jacinta
Published: September 2023

There are growing calls to address the Eurocentrism of classical English School (ES) scholarship and to adopt more holistic frameworks of analysis, which include alternative, non-Western forms of international order and interactions with the European international systems. This article investigates Adam Watson’s contribution to ‘decentring’ the ES. Two dimensions of Watson’s work speak to this objective. The first is his development of a more inclusive comparative historical sociological analysis of states-systems. The second is his development of a more generic concept of systems as complex, variegated and shifting relationships of authority, highlighting the prevalence of hierarchy and hegemony in states-systems. However, Watson’s work remains inflected with Eurocentrism in several important respects. These include his narrative of the evolution of the contemporary states-system, which largely remains one of the autonomous development and expansion of Europe, and the limited ways in which his narrative includes the agency, voices and experiences of non-European peoples.
Resisting climate change vulnerability: feminist and decolonial insights
Authors: Weatherill Charlotte Kate
Published: September 2023

In climate politics, understanding and contesting the meaning of vulnerability has proved extremely difficult. On the one hand, it is an increasingly formalised term that means something very specific scientifically and methodologically within the climate change institutions. On the other hand, vulnerability is part of a colonial discursive framework of risk. In this article, I show how contestations into the scientific project have not sufficiently worked to address the colonial geographic imaginaries that underlie the discursive framework of vulnerability. I suggest that bringing together the work of critical adaptation studies (CAS) with critical feminist and decolonial scholarship, such as the counternarratives of the Pacific,offers a way to resist the victimising politics of disposability and also rethink vulnerability as a concept of resistance, relationality and reflexivity.
Understanding customer experience with Vietnamese hotels by analyzing online reviews
Authors: Nguyen Ha Thi Thu , Nguyen Trung Xuan
Published: September 2023

On the post-pandemic recovery green economy track, especially in the hospitality and tourism industry, businesses must accelerate digital transformation and enter the race to increase customer experience. Improving customer experience is critical, and understanding customers’ emotions and needs after using hotel services is crucial. This is why businesses increasingly rely on online customer reviews on booking sites to gain insight into what their customers seek. By understanding their needs and experiences, hotel managers can provide services that meet customer expectations and improve overall service quality. Although online review analysis is meaningful for hotel managers because of its practicality in business operations, a specific model, method, or tool is needed to explore customer emotions. This study proposes a method to analyze customers’ online reviews of Vietnamese hotel services. With a Data set of 20,551 reviews collected from TripAdvisor, the study examines customers’ perceptions of Vietnamese hotel services overall and aspects of hotel services by combining language rules of natural language and inferential statistics. The key findings indicate that customers are most satisfied with the “place” aspect of hotels, with a satisfaction rate of 78%, while the “room” service aspect has the lowest satisfaction rate at 61.3%. These results have recommended that hotel managers in Vietnam prioritize understanding customers’ sentiments and opinions to improve service quality in aspects where satisfaction rates are lower.
Dynamical behavior of a stochastic dengue model with Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process
Authors: Liu Qun
Published: September 2023

We develop and study a stochastic dengue model with Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process, in which we assume that the transmission coefficients between vector and human satisfy the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process. We first show that the stochastic system has a unique global solution with any initial value. Then we use a novel Lyapunov function method to establish sufficient criteria for the existence of a stationary distribution of the system, which indicates the persistence of the disease. In particular, under some mild conditions which are applied to ensure the local asymptotic stability of the endemic equilibrium of the deterministic system, we obtain the specific form of covariance matrix in the probability density around the quasi-positive equilibrium of the stochastic system. In addition, we also establish sufficient criteria for wiping out of the disease. Finally, several numerical simulations are performed to illustrate our theoretical conclusions.
Spectral properties of the symmetry generators of conformal quantum mechanics: A path-integral approach
Authors: Camblong H. E. , Chakraborty A. , Lopez Duque P. , Ordóñez C. R.
Published: September 2023

A path-integral approach is used to study the spectral properties of the generators of the SO(2, 1) symmetry of conformal quantum mechanics (CQM). In particular, we consider the CQM version that corresponds to the weak-coupling regime of the inverse square potential. We develop a general framework to characterize a generic symmetry generator G (linear combinations of the Hamiltonian H, special conformal operator K, and dilation operator D), from which the path-integral propagators follow, leading to a complete spectral decomposition. This is done for the three classes of operators: Elliptic, parabolic, and hyperbolic. We also highlight novel results for the hyperbolic operators, with a continuous spectrum, and their quantum-mechanical interpretation. The spectral technique developed for the eigensystem of continuous-spectrum operators can be generalized to other operator problems.
Reconstructing cardiac electrical excitations from optical mapping recordings
Authors: Marcotte C. D. , Hoffman M. J. , Fenton F. H. , Cherry E. M.
Published: September 2023

The reconstruction of electrical excitation patterns through the unobserved depth of the tissue is essential to realizing the potential of computational models in cardiac medicine. We have utilized experimental optical-mapping recordings of cardiac electrical excitation on the epicardial and endocardial surfaces of a canine ventricle as observations directing a local ensemble transform Kalman filter data assimilation scheme. We demonstrate that the inclusion of explicit information about the stimulation protocol can marginally improve the confidence of the ensemble reconstruction and the reliability of the assimilation over time. Likewise, we consider the efficacy of stochastic modeling additions to the assimilation scheme in the context of experimentally derived observation sets. Approximation error is addressed at both the observation and modeling stages through the uncertainty of observations and the specification of the model used in the assimilation ensemble. We find that perturbative modifications to the observations have marginal to deleterious effects on the accuracy and robustness of the state reconstruction. Furthermore, we find that incorporating additional information from the observations into the model itself (in the case of stimulus and stochastic currents) has a marginal improvement on the reconstruction accuracy over a fully autonomous model, while complicating the model itself and thus introducing potential for new types of model errors. That the inclusion of explicit modeling information has negligible to negative effects on the reconstruction implies the need for new avenues for optimization of data assimilation schemes applied to cardiac electrical excitation.
Pushing the limits of complete omnidirectional bandgaps in 2D nonsymmorphic single-phase phononic crystals
Authors: Nadejde Ilaie , Thomas Edwin L. , Galich Pavel I.
Published: September 2023

We expand the limits of complete omnidirectional bandgaps (neither P- nor S-waves can propagate) for high symmetry two-dimensional phononic crystal (PnC) designs. We reveal an extremely large 124% complete omnidirectional bandgap and demonstrate the possibility of creating custom, mechanically robust PnCs with improved characteristics via simple geometric changes to known PnC designs. The findings are experimentally validated, proving that it is feasible to achieve extreme ultrasonic attenuation using the nonsymmorphic p4gm symmetry group design, for both P- and S-waves, which significantly outperforms symmorphic p4mm-group PnC designs. We shed light on the high attenuation properties of the p4gm PnC for S-waves (which is rarely explored experimentally), revealing differences between the mode types. Practical insight into the design of PnCs with improved acoustic properties for potential applications in the field of vibration isolation, most notably when S-wave elimination is vital, is discussed.
Photonic crystal textiles for heat insulation
Authors: Çetin Zebih , Tunçtürk Yiğit , Sözüer H. Sami
Published: September 2023

In this work, we have studied transmission properties of a photonic crystal-like structure that can be woven into fabrics. An interesting possibility emerges when considering the potential energy savings through suppression of radiation. It is a well-established fact that every object at a finite temperature inherently emits electromagnetic waves. Within the specific context of the human body, radiation takes on a crucial role as a fundamental mechanism governing heat dissipation. Thus, exploring ways to manage or mitigate this radiation could offer innovative approaches to optimize energy consumption and enhance heat regulation. It is well known that a photonic crystal can block electromagnetic energy with a specific frequency that is falling into a photonic bandgap. By using the numerical method called a finite-difference time domain, we have shown that this property of a periodic structure can be used to make textiles to save energy that is used to heat a human body environment. Numerical calculations have shown that by using the proposed photonic crystal structure, 53% of electromagnetic energy is reflected. Although we mainly focused on textiles, it is worth highlighting that the same fundamental principle can be extended to diverse fields; for example, this structure can be integrated with construction materials and effectively function as a radiation heat insulator.
Nearly integrable flows and chaotic tangles in the Dimits shift regime of plasma edge turbulence
Authors: Cao Norman M. , Qi Di
Published: September 2023

Transitionally turbulent flows frequently exhibit spatiotemporal intermittency, reflecting a complex interplay between driving forces, dissipation, and transport present in these systems. When this intermittency manifests as observable structures and patterns in the flow, the characterization of turbulence in these systems becomes challenging due to the nontrivial correlations introduced into the statistics of the turbulence by these structures. In this work, we use tools from dynamical systems theory to study intermittency in the Dimits shift regime of the flux-balanced Hasegawa–Wakatani (BHW) equations, which models a transitional regime of resistive drift-wave turbulence relevant to magnetically confined fusion plasmas. First, we show in direct numerical simulations that turbulence in this regime is dominated by strong zonal flows and coherent drift-wave vortex structures, which maintain a strong linear character despite their large amplitude. Using the framework of generalized Liouville integrability, we develop a theory of integrable Lagrangian flows in generic fluid and plasma systems and discuss how the observed zonal flows plus drift waves in the BHW system exhibit a form of “near-integrability” originating from a fluid element relabeling symmetry. We further demonstrate that the BHW flows transition from integrability to chaos via the formation of chaotic tangles in the aperiodic Lagrangian flow, and establish a direct link between the “lobes” associated with these tangles and intermittency in the observed turbulent dissipation. This illustrates how utilizing tools from deterministic dynamical systems theory to study convective nonlinearities can explain aspects of the intermittent spatiotemporal structure exhibited by the statistics of turbulent fields.
In situ spin coater for multimodal grazing incidence x-ray scattering studies
Authors: Coffey Aidan H. , Slack Jonathan , Cornell Earl , Yang Lee L. , Anderson Kevan , Wang Kang , Dou Letian , Zhu Chenhui
Published: September 2023

We present herein a custom-made, in situ, multimodal spin coater system with an integrated heating stage that can be programmed with spinning and heating recipes and that is coupled with synchrotron-based, grazing-incidence wide- and small-angle x-ray scattering. The spin coating system features an adaptable experimental chamber, with the ability to house multiple ancillary probes such as photoluminescence and visible optical cameras, to allow for true multimodal characterization and correlated data analysis. This system enables monitoring of structural evolutions such as perovskite crystallization and polymer self-assembly across a broad length scale (2 Å–150 nm) with millisecond temporal resolution throughout a complete thin film fabrication process. The use of this spin coating system allows scientists to gain a deeper understanding of temporal processes of a material system, to develop ideal conditions for thin film manufacturing.
Surface tension effects on cryogenic liquid injection dynamics in supercritical environment
Authors: Madana Gopal Jaya Vignesh , Morgan Robert , de Sercey Guillaume , Tretola Giovanni , Vogiatzaki Konstantina
Published: September 2023

The injection of cryogenic fluids into environments where the prevailing conditions are supercritical in comparison to the critical point of the injected cryogenic fluid is encountered in cryogenic rocket engines, and novel engine architectures such as the recuperated split cycle engine. The physical characteristics of cryogens injected into supercritical environment are rather unclear. While surface tension is usually assumed to be absent/negligible for supercritical fluids, recent experimental research has identified the existence of surface tension and its effects on liquid hydrocarbons in supercritical environment. This research work proposes an alternative computationally simple adaptive surface tension algorithm for the simulation of a liquid injected into supercritical environment. The numerical simulations presented here correspond to single- and binary-specie cases of iquid nitrogen and liquid methane respectively, undergoing phase transition post their injection into supercritical conditions. Following a critical review of related numerical works, this paper begins with a brief explanation of the physics behind the surface tension effect in a binary-fluid interface in which a supercritical fluid is involved and we present why this effect is of relevance to supercritical cryogenic jets? Then, the rationale and specifics of the the new modelling framework based on adaptive surface tension is discussed along with its implications. The results of the numerical simulations of low-temperature vs near-critical temperature iquid nitrogen and liquid methane injection dynamics revealed the drastically different fluid- and thermo-dynamics at play in these two cases. The role of surface tension at these conditions is also explored.
Radiation-dominated injection of positrons generated by the nonlinear Breit–Wheeler process into a plasma channel
Authors: Maslarova Dominika , Martinez Bertrand , Vranic Marija
Published: September 2023

Plasma acceleration is considered a prospective technology for building a compact multi-TeV electron–positron collider in the future. The challenge of this endeavor is greater for positrons than for the electrons because usually the self-generated fields from laser–plasma interaction are not well-suited for positron focusing and on-axis guiding. In addition, an external positron source is required, while electrons are naturally available in the plasma. Here, we study electron–positron pair generation by an orthogonal collision of a multi-PW laser pulse and a GeV electron beam by the nonlinear Breit–Wheeler process. We studied conditions favorable for positron deflection in the direction of the laser pulse propagation, which favors injection into the plasma for further acceleration. We demonstrate using the OSIRIS particle-in-cell framework that the radiation reaction triggered by ultra-high laser intensity plays a crucial role in the positron injection. It provides a suppression of the initial transverse momentum gained by the positrons from the Breit-Wheeler process. For the parameters used in this work, the intensity of at least 2.2×1023 W/cm2 is needed in order to inject more than 1% of positrons created. Above this threshold, the percentage of injected positrons rapidly increases with intensity. Moreover, subsequent direct laser acceleration of positrons in a plasma channel, using the same laser pulse that created them, can ensure a boost of the final positron energy by a factor of two. The positron focusing and guiding on the axis is provided by significant electron beam loading that changes the internal structure of the channel fields.
Asymmetry of individual activity promotes cooperation in the spatial prisoner’s dilemma game
Authors: Gao Bo , Tao Kexin , Mu Chunjiang , Chu Chen , Li Hao
Published: September 2023

We consider an aspiration-based asymmetric individual activity co-evolutionary prisoner’s dilemma game model on the square lattice. In detail, each player has an individual weight that evolves with its strategy. We introduce an asymmetric setting that only μ fractions of players in the network chosen to be active can update their individual weights according to whether their payoffs satisfy their aspirations. Therefore, our individual weights can be regarded as a type of intrinsic motivation satisfaction. Through Monte Carlo simulations on the square lattice, our co-evolution mechanism has been proven to significantly promote cooperation. Furthermore, we find that the moderate μ leads to the highest cooperation level. By dividing the players into four types according to their strategies and weights, we prove that the inversion of the dominant relationship between cooperators and defectors with low weights leads to a conversion cycle of the four types of players, which enhances spatial reciprocity to promote cooperation. Moderate μ results in an appropriate number of low-weight players in this cycle. Interestingly, our results show that higher weight heterogeneity does not lead to higher levels of cooperation, which is contrary to the intuition formed in the previous work.
Collisional-radiative modeling and radiative emission of tungsten in tokamak plasmas in the temperature range (800–5000) eV
Authors: Boumendjel M. Y. , Desgranges C. , Guirlet R. ,   West Team, Peyrusse O.
Published: September 2023

We present new collisional-modeling calculations of tungsten plasmas at electron density of about 5 × 1013 cm−3 and for electron temperatures in the range 0.8–5 keV. These conditions are relevant to current tokamaks. In this temperature range, the modeling of the ionization balance and of spectra is a long-standing problem. Addressing this problem is also useful for plasmas that will be produced in the future tokamak ITER. In particular, we discuss the problem of ensuring completeness of the list of configurations included in the calculations. We also discuss comparisons of experimental measurements in the EUV range performed in the WEST tokamak with synthetized spectra based on the use of the unresolved transition array and of the spin–orbit split array formalisms. While this work does not rely on a precise identification of detailed lines, modeled spectra display emission features that looks quite similar to the experimental spectra. A conclusion is that standard calculation methods used for the evaluation of the configuration average collisional and radiative rates, are fine provided that a convenient list of configurations is used in the calculations.
Development and numerical investigation of Mach probe model in a hypersonic, low-temperature flowing plasma
Authors: Ichihara D. , Sumi H.
Published: September 2023

This study conducted a numerical simulation around a Mach probe under hypersonic low-temperature plasma. The Mach probe has three ion collection planes: front, side, and back. Under a hypersonic flowing plasma, the front and side planes are practical ion collection areas, and the backplane collects no ion flux. The collected ion current density on the front plane is almost identical to that of the mainstream ion flux. By contrast, the ion current collected on the side plane is affected by the concentration of the electric field at the probe edge. As this edge effect has a different influence on the front and side planes, the ion current density ratio of the side to the front planes is dominated by a non-dimensional parameter—the ratio of electrostatic to kinetic flow energy. Based on this non-dimensional parameter, the calculated ion current density ratio can be fitted using a simple mathematical formula. Therefore, the proposed Mach probe model with non-dimensional parameters extends the conventional Mach probe model validated in sub-to-supersonic high-temperature plasma to hypersonic low-temperature flowing plasma, which is commonly observed in electric propulsions.
Variance analysis of dynamic light scattering data
Authors: Anzini Pietro , Biganzoli Davide , Cherniukh Ihor , Kovalenko Maksym V. , Parola Alberto , Ferri Fabio
Published: September 2023

We propose a novel method alternative to the classical Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) technique for performing particle sizing on diluted dispersions of nanosized particles. Differently from DLS, which works by determining the correlation function of the intensity scattered by the sample, our method does not require the use of a correlator because it exploits the behavior of the variance (VAR) of the scattered signal as a function of the sampling time Δt. By using a wide range of sampling times Δtmin ≪ τc ≪ Δtmax, it is possible to recover the correlation time τc of the scattered field and, in turn (by using the Stokes–Einstein relation), the hydrodynamic diameter of the particles. The new method is endowed with an analytical expression for the error bars associated with to the VAR data. Extensive computer simulations carried out on monodisperse and narrow polydisperse samples show that VAR and DLS techniques provide fairly similar performances. The same results were obtained on calibrated polystyrene spheres and fluorescent perovskite nanoparticles tested with different setups and detection schemes.
Strain-mediated voltage controlled magnetic anisotropy based switching for magnetic memory applications
Authors: Mishra Pinkesh Kumar , Halavath Nareshkumar , Bhuktare Swapnil
Published: September 2023

Reliability and packing density concerns are the two major shortcomings of spin transfer torque and spin orbit torque based magnetic memory, respectively. Voltage controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) becomes energy efficient and fast, showing transcendence for the writing mechanism in the magnetic tunnel junction. Deterministic switching cannot be achieved by VCMA alone in the out of plane nanomagnet. It requires an external in-plane magnetic field, but the use of an external field is inconvenient for on-chip applications. We exploit stress and exchange bias provided by an antiferromagnetic material to mitigate the external magnetic field requisite. We perform macro-spin simulations using the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation at room temperature. We use the VCMA effect cum stress effect to investigate field free switching performance, and this improves the write error rate (WER) to 5×10−5 against WER of 0.1 with the VCMA effect alone. We studied the effects of applied voltage (amplitude and pulse width), exchange bias field, and VCMA coefficient on the switching performance in detail. This proposed two-terminal device can be helpful in achieving high cell density to implement nonvolatile magnetic memory.