bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of HRM on CSR and performance of upscale hotels in developed and developing countries
Authors: Sarwar Huma , Ishaq Muhammad Ishtiaq , Franzoni Simona
Published: October 2022

The researchers showed their increased interest in linking human resource management (HRM) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices in recent studies. HRM is a critical factor in how CSR should be enacted, developed, and understood at a broader level to achieve organizational benefits. Hence, it is evident that current studies are asking for more studies on HRM–CSR nexus, and we argue that such a relationship is necessary and relevant. Probing more in this research stream, the current research investigates the impact of HRM and CSR on sustainable performance. More specifically, this study explores how 3-star, 4-star, and 5-star hotels achieve sustainable performance through HRM and CSR in the hospitality industry of the UK, Italy, and Pakistan. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select the hotels by collecting hotel details from Chambers of the Commerce United Kingdom, Italian Government Statistics, and Pakistan Hotel Associations for the UK, Italy, and Pakistan. Through a highly structured survey questionnaire, the data were collected from 438 UK, 520 Italian, and 354 Pakistani hotels. The results confirm the HRM–CSR–sustainable performance nexus in the hospitality industries of three countries. They show that HRM impact on CSR and sustainable performance is relatively stronger in five-star hotels followed by three-star and then four-star hotels. These results supported the resource-based view theory by providing strong evidence that HRM and CSR are essential resources for achieving sustainable performance and competitive advantage.
Prediction of Residential Slab Foundation Movement Through a Finite Element-Based Deep Learning Algorithm
Authors: Teodosio B. , Wasantha P. L. P. , Guerrieri M. , van Staden R. C. , Fragomeni S.
Published: October 2022

Deep learning networks were employed to predict the maximum differential deflection of stiffened and waffle rafts due to reactive soil movements, Δmax. Four deep learning networks were used to predict Δmax, these are (1) stiffened rafts on shrinking soil, (2) stiffened rafts on swelling soil, (3) waffle rafts on shrinking soil, and (4) waffle rafts on swelling soil. The deep learning models were used to create design lines, which showed that both soil and structural features strongly influence the stiffened rafts. In contrast, waffle rafts showed a strong dependence on soil features in shrinking soils and beam depth in swelling soils. This demonstrates that the finite element-based deep learning networks captured the effect of the embedment of the beams. The results of the deep learning models led to non-linear design curves, which are disparate from the suggested standard Australian design. These results suggest that increasing the value of beam depth can have a positive or negative impact on the global residential slab depending on the type of substructure and whether the founding reactive soil is shrinking or swelling. Global sensitivity analyses of the deep learning models showed that for stiffened rafts on shrinking soil, the slab length, slab width and active depth zone of reactive soil had the most significant influence on Δmax, whilst for stiffened rafts on swelling soil, the primary drivers are ground movement, beam depth, and slab width. The prediction of Δmax for waffle rafts on shrinking soil was driven by the surface characteristic and mound movements, and the active depth zone, whilst waffle rafts on swelling soil was driven by the beam depth. Overall, the finite element-based deep learning showed the capacity to estimate Δmax in both shrinking and swelling design scenarios for different types of residential footing systems to further understand the characteristic behaviour of shallow residential slab foundations on reactive soils leading to improved designs.
Homology bounds for hyperbolic orbifolds
Authors: Senska Hartwig
Published: October 2022

We will provide bounds on both the Betti numbers and the torsion part of the homology of hyperbolic orbifolds. These bounds are linear in the volume and are a direct consequence of an efficient simplicial model of the thick part, which we will construct as well. The homology statements complement previous work of Bader, Gelander and Sauer (torsion homology of manifolds), Samet (Betti numbers of orbifolds) and a classical theorem of Gromov (Betti numbers of manifolds). For arithmetic, non-compact hyperbolic orbifolds—i.e. in the case of arithmetic, non-uniform lattices in $${\text {Isom}}(\mathbb {H}^n)$$

Isom
(

H

n

)

—the strongest results will be obtained.
Early Child-care Arrangements and Both Parents’ Subjective Well-being
Authors: Ryser Valérie-Anne , Heers Marieke
Published: October 2022

This study focuses on Switzerland where child-care is limited in offer and costly. It examines what child-care patterns parents of 0- to 4-years old children use; and, how different arrangements relate to several domains of mothers’ and fathers’ cognitive and affective subjective well-being (SWB). A major contribution of the present study is the distinction between child-care provided by parents, grandparents, relatives, formal institutions and mixed arrangements. Based on data from the Swiss Household Panel (SHP) from 2002 to 2017, multilevel regression models are applied to estimate the relationship between child-care arrangements and both parents’ SWB. The results demonstrate that grandparental care relates positively to both parents’ SWB: Compared to grandparental child-care, relatives and formal or mixed child-care arrangements tend to decrease most of the satisfaction dimensions. Formal child-care and child-care provided by relatives as well as mixed arrangements relate to a decrease in positive affect. Negative affect is not significantly associated to the different child-care arrangements.
The AC conductivity and dielectric permittivity for PVA-treated MWCNT electrolyte composite
Authors: AlFannakh Huda , Ibrahim S. S.
Published: October 2022

Three-phase polymer electrolyte nanocomposite composed of polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA), manganese(II) chloride (MnCl2), and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared using the cast techniques. Impedance spectroscopy was used to investigate the AC electrical conductivity (σac) of two- and three-phase samples with different weight ratios of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) over a wide frequency range and at various fixed temperatures (30 °C to 120 °C). The frequency-dependent nature of σac was seen to follow Jonscher’s power law. The redistribution of accumulated charges was used to explain the change in the pre-exponent (n) and the constant (A) after the percolation threshold. As the temperature approached the glass transition temperature, the mobility of ions and polymeric chains also played an important role in this change. The Correlated Barrier Hopping (CBH) model was considered as the most predicted model for the samples at temperatures below 100 °C. However, the Quantum Mechanical Tunneling (QMT) model was predicted to be the most prevalent conduction model for temperatures greater than 100 °C. The values of the activation energy calculated from both Z” and M” are mostly close. Equivalent circuits were used to analyze the impedance spectra of the two- and three-phase samples. An attempt was made to explain the impedance behavior of the samples through the elements participating in the equivalent circuits.
Breeding targets for heat-tolerant rice varieties in Japan in a warming climate
Authors: Masutomi Yuji , Takimoto Takahiro , Manabe Toru , Imai Yoko , Tamura Makoto , Kobayashi Kazuhiko
Published: October 2022

The breeding of heat-tolerant (HT) varieties is considered an effective adaptation measure to reduce the impacts of global warming on crops. However, little is known about how much heat tolerance needs to be attained in the breeding of HT varieties and by when the HT varieties should be introduced in a warming climate. Here, we assessed the effect of the introduction of HT rice varieties on the incidence of low-quality rice grains (chalky rice grain, CRG, as a result of high temperatures), and formulated a breeding target for rice in Japan, where high incidence of CRG is already a concern. Varieties with a 3 °C higher temperature tolerance should be bred and introduced until the 2040s under representative concentration pathways (RCPs) 2.6 and 8.5, in the pessimistic scenario, considering the uncertainties in climate models and an impact assessment model, which were large. In the median case, varieties with a 1 and 2 °C higher temperature tolerance are needed until the 2040s under RCPs 2.6 and 8.5, respectively. The findings revealed necessary efforts in breeding research and programs under conditions of global warming.
Continuous design control for machine learning in certified medical systems
Authors: Stirbu Vlad , Granlund Tuomas , Mikkonen Tommi
Published: October 2022

Continuous software engineering has become commonplace in numerous fields. However, in regulating intensive sectors, where additional concerns need to be taken into account, it is often considered difficult to apply continuous development approaches, such as devops. In this paper, we present an approach for using pull requests as design controls, and apply this approach to machine learning in certified medical systems leveraging model cards, a novel technique developed to add explainability to machine learning systems, as a regulatory audit trail. The approach is demonstrated with an industrial system that we have used previously to show how medical systems can be developed in a continuous fashion.
The interdisciplinary fracture liaison service improves health-related outcomes and survival of older adults after hip fracture surgical repair
Authors: Ruggiero Carmelinda , Baroni Marta , Talesa Giuseppe Rocco , Cirimbilli Alessandro , Prenni Valentina , Bubba Valentina , Parretti Luca , Bogini Riccardo , Duranti Giuliana , Caraffa Auro , Boccardi Virginia , Mecocci Patrizia , Rinonapoli Giuseppe
Published: October 2022

Summary

Due to the high burden of fragility fractures, we developed an interdisciplinary FLS care pathway for early management and monitoring of older adults discharged from a high-volume trauma center after hip fracture repair. Interdisciplinary FLS effectively improves up to 1-year adherence to treatments for secondary prevention of fragility fractures, reduces health facility admission, and improves long-term survival.

Purpose

To compare adherence to secondary fragility fracture prevention, falls, healthcare facility admissions, and mortality between hip fracture older adults who entered the fracture liaison services pathway of care (FLS-CP) and those managed according to the usual traumatologist model of care (U-CP).

Methods

Prospective observational study enrolling subjects aged ≥ 65 years discharged by high-volume trauma center after hip fracture repair from February 2016 to February 2017, who consecutively entered FLS-CP or U-CP according to their preference and goals.

Results

Compared to U-CP, those in FLS-CP had higher initiation rate and up to 1-year adherence to secondary prevention of fragility fracture, including vitamin D and calcium (87.7% vs 36.9%; p < 0.0001), specific anti-osteoporosis drugs (75.1% vs 8.0%; p < 0.0001), and complete anti-fracture therapy (72.3% vs 5.7%; p < 0.0001). Older adults belonging to FLS-CP showed a lower likelihood of healthcare facility admission (RR 0.597; 95% CI 0.398–0.895; p = 0.0125), with a longer re-hospitalization-free survival (176.4 vs 88.7 days; p = 0.0152) than those in U-CP. One-year incidence of falls and fractures was similar between groups, with a lower tendency of the subjects in the FLS-CP to be multiple fallers (19% vs 34.8%; OR 0.057; 95% CI 0.004–0.876; p = 0.0690). The FLS-CP group experienced a lower 1-year (87.2% vs 74.3%; p = 0.001) and 3-year mortality (67.9% vs 55.6%; p = 0.0245) and a lower adjusted 5-year mortality hazard ratio (50.2% vs 58%; HR = 0.76; 95% CI 0.60; 0.96).

Conclusion

The FLS-CP may improve initiation and adherence to secondary prevention of fragility fractures, reduces healthcare facility admission, and improves long-term survival.
Better Regulation of End-Of-Life Care: A Call For A Holistic Approach
Authors: White Ben P. , Willmott Lindy , Close Eliana
Published: October 2022

Existing regulation of end-of-life care is flawed. Problems include poorly-designed laws, policies, ethical codes, training, and funding programs, which often are neither effective nor helpful in guiding decision-making. This leads to adverse outcomes for patients, families, health professionals, and the health system as a whole. A key factor contributing to the harms of current regulation is a siloed approach to regulating end-of-life care. Existing approaches to regulation, and research into how that regulation could be improved, have tended to focus on a single regulatory instrument (e.g., just law or just ethical codes). As a result, there has been a failure to capture holistically the various forces that guide end-of-life care. This article proposes a response to address this, identifying “regulatory space” theory as a candidate to provide the much-needed holistic insight into improving regulation of end-of-life care. The article concludes with practical implications of this approach for regulators and researchers.
Competition in a Mixed-Species Planting with Four Contrasting Tree Species
Authors: Vanclay Jerome K. , Gregorio Nestor O. , Herbohn John L.
Published: October 2022

Mixed-species systems are well-suited to smallholder and community forestry, but reliable evidence regarding and procedures to assess species performance in such systems is scarce. This field trial uses a pair of clinal plots with varying spacing and species composition to gain insights into competition between four species proposed for landscape rehabilitation in the Philippines. We examine the efficiency of this compact clinal trial in revealing growth traits of four species (Paraserianthes falcataria, Pterocarpus indicus, Shorea palosapis, Swietenia macrophylla) in mixed plantings. The use of a size-distance competition index allowed an assessment of the competitive and collaborative influences between four tree species. Within the expected general trend for diameter increment to decline with increasing competition, there were indications thatShorea palosapisis a benign competitor that may stimulate the growth of neighbouring individuals.Paraserianthes falcatariais a strong competitor that is also strongly impacted by competition, especially through antagonistic intraspecific competition.Paraserianthes falcatariaappears well suited as a solitary tree in a field or village, whereasShorea palosapisseems ideal for plantations, in both monoculture and mixed plantings. The clinal spacing and mixture trial, when examined using a size-distance competition index based on diameter increment, revealed useful insights into species performance.Pterocarpus indicusexhibits strong intraspecific, but low inter-specific competition, so appears well-suited for polyculture plantings. Of the four species trialled,Swietenia macrophyllaappears to be best-suited as a monoculture species as it exhibits the lowest intraspecific competition.
Turtle barnacles have been turtle riders for more than 30 million years
Authors: Collareta Alberto , Rasser Michael W. , Frey Eberhard , Harzhauser Mathias
Published: October 2022

In contrast to other kinds of biological interactions, symbiosis is a scarcely investigated aspect of the fossil record. This is largely due to taphonomic biases that often frustrate any attempt to make a strong case that two organisms shared an intimate association in life. Among extant marine vertebrates, the sea turtles (Cheloniidae and Dermochelyidae) bear a broad and diverse spectrum of epibiotic symbionts, including specialists such as the turtle barnacles (Chelonibiidae and Platyleapadidae). Here, we reappraise an early Oligocene (Rupelian) fossil cheloniid skeleton, featuring the remains of cirripedes on the exterior of its entoplastron, from the Rauenberg fossil-lagerstätte, southwestern Germany. The barnacle specimens are assigned to Protochelonibia melleni, an extinct protochelonibiine species and the geologically oldest known member of Chelonibiidae. In the light of taphonomic and palaeoenvironmental considerations, and given that the extant chelonibiids are mostly known as epizoic symbionts of sea turtles, we conclude that this unique fossil association resulted from the epizoic growth of the barnacles on the external surface of the plastron of the turtle during its lifetime. This remarkable fossil association provides evidence that chelonibiids, including the extinct protochelonibiines, have been chelonophilic epizoans for more than 30 Myr. A survey of the trace and body fossil records shows that platylepadids are also likely as old as the Rupelian as is their symbiotic association with cheloniid hosts. This early emergence of the modern-looking, turtle-dwelling barnacle lineages corresponds to a climate-driven phase of major radiation and taxonomic turnover among sea turtles at the Eocene–Oligocene transition.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Improvement of seismic data quality and recognition of fault discontinuities through seismic data conditioning applications: a case study of Issaran oil field, Gulf of Suez, Egypt
Authors: Isaac David Boles , Abu El Ata Ahmed Sayed
Published: October 2022

Obtaining high-quality seismic imaging in shallow heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs with complicated structural regimes, such as the Issaran field, is difficult. Issaran field is a heavy oil shallow heterogeneous fractured carbonate reservoirs located in the Gulf of Suez of Egypt. It has many geological factors that affect image quality and pose numerous challenges. In addition, the seismic data was acquired more than 12 years ago, with narrow azimuth and short offsets. As a result, the fault zones are not sharply defined. Furthermore, the seismic data was processed about 10 years ago. The signal-to-noise ratio is relatively poor due to the random and coherent noises. A robust data conditioning workflow for noise suppression and fault discontinuity sharpening is used to improve the post-stack seismic data quality. In this context, a steering dataset was generated, and a dip-steered median filter (DSMF), a dip-steered diffusion filter, and a fault enhancement filter (FEF) were applied to sharpen the discontinuities. Structural attributes were evaluated, to investigate how the newly applied data conditioning affects the clarity of fault patterns. Furthermore, multiple physical attributes were extracted, including instantaneous phase, instantaneous frequency, and RMS amplitude to better understand the reservoir stratigraphic heterogeneity. The application of DSMF is useful in removing the residual random noises. The FEF-similarity attribute revealed small-scale faults with a 50-foot vertical throw. The physical attributes proved that the Issaran carbonate facies is controlled by structure. Moreover, the RMS amplitude attribute helped in distinguishing between porous and non-porous dolomite facies. As imaging quality has significantly improved, the applied seismic data conditioning workflow is beneficial for the field development in Issaran field. It is also suggested that this data conditioning workflow be applied in other heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs with complex structures around the world.
Nanomilling-driven volumetric changes in multiparticulate As4S4-bearing nanocomposites recognized with a help of annihilating positrons
Authors: Oleh Shpotyuk , Adam Ingram , Yaroslav Shpotyuk , Zdenka Lukáčová Bujňáková , Peter Baláž
Published: October 2022

Employing positron annihilation lifetime (PAL) spectroscopy, nanomilling-driven volumetric changes driven are identified in multiparticulate nanocomposites of As4S4–ZnS–Fe3O4 system, considered in transitions between their respective hierarchical derivatives from triparticulate (1⋅As4S4/4⋅ZnS/1⋅Fe3O4) to biparticulate (1⋅As4S4/1⋅Fe3O4, 1⋅As4S4/4⋅ZnS) and monoparticulate (As4S4) ones. Unconstrained three-component PAL spectra of nanocomposites are parameterized in terms of positron-Ps trapping conversion obeying x3-x2-CDA (coupling decomposition algorithm). Coexistence of nanocrystalline nc-β-As4S4 and amorphous a-AsS phase is shown to be crucial feature of these nanocomposites, the latter being generated continuously due to reamorphization of initial disordered phase and/or vitrification of nc-β-As4S4 phase. The inverse positron-to-Ps trapping conversion prevails in transition from biparticulate (1⋅As4S4/1⋅Fe3O4) and monoparticulate (As4S4) nanocomposites (both dominated by trapping in As4S4-bearing sub-system) to triparticulate (1⋅As4S4/4⋅ZnS/1⋅Fe3O4) one, disappeared positron traps being vacancy defects in a-As–S matrix, and Ps-decay sites formed instead being triple junctions between amorphized nc-β-As4S4 grains. The normal Ps-to-positron-trapping conversion prevails in transition from biparticulate (1⋅As4S4/4⋅ZnS) nanocomposite dominated by positron trapping in ZnS sub-system to triparticulate (1⋅As4S4/4⋅ZnS/1⋅Fe3O4) one, disappeared Ps-decay sites being triple junctions between amorphized nc-β-As4S4 grains, and positron traps formed instead being vacancy-type defects in the packing of the finest ZnS crystallites (~ 2–3 nm).
Optimal tool design in micro-milling of difficult-to-machine materials
Authors: O’Toole Lorcan , Fang Feng-Zhou
Published: October 2022

The limitations of significant tool wear and tool breakage of commercially available fluted micro-end mill tools often lead to ineffective and inefficient manufacturing, while surface quality and geometric dimensions remain unacceptably poor. This is especially true for machining of difficult-to-machine (DTM) materials, such as super alloys and ceramics. Such conventional fluted micro-tool designs are generally down scaled from the macro-milling tool designs. However, simply scaling such designs from the macro to micro domain leads to inherent design flaws, such as poor tool rigidity, poor tool strength and weak cutting edges, ultimately ending in tool failure. Therefore, in this article a design process is first established to determine optimal micro-end mill tool designs for machining some typical DTM materials commonly used in manufacturing orthopaedic implants and micro-feature moulds. The design process focuses on achieving robust stiffness and mechanical strength to reduce tool wear, avoid tool chipping and tool breakage in order to efficiently machine very hard materials. Then, static stress and deflection finite element analysis (FEA) is carried out to identify stiffness and rigidity of the tool design in relation to the maximum deformations, as well as the Von Mises stress distribution at the cutting edge of the designed tools. Following analysis and further optimisation of the FEA results, a verified optimum tool design is established for micro-milling DTM materials. An experimental study is then carried out to compare the optimum tool design to commercial tools, in regards to cutting forces, tool wear and surface quality.
Benefits of dual-release hydrocortisone treatment on central adiposity and health-related quality of life in secondary adrenal insufficiency
Authors: Gasco V. , Giannelli J. , Campioni L. , Arvat E. , Ghigo E. , Grottoli S. , Maccario M. , Giordano R.
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Patients with secondary adrenal insufficiency (SAI) have an increased morbidity and an impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL), which seems to primarily depend on the sub-optimal replacement of hypoadrenalism with standard glucocorticoid (GC) therapy, and on the inadequate correction of other associated pituitary deficiencies. A dual-release hydrocortisone (DR-HC) formulation has shown to exert positive effects on morbidity and HRQoL, mainly in patients with primary adrenal insufficiency. We assessed the variations of anthropometric and metabolic parameters and HRQoL in patients with SAI after switching from cortisone acetate (CA) or hydrocortisone (HC) to DR-HC.

Methods

Twenty-one patients (17 M, 4 F) treated with CA (n = 16; 25 mg/day twice a day) or HC (n = 5; 20 mg/day three times a day), were evaluated for waist circumference, BMI, fasting glucose, HbA1c, insulin, HOMA-IR index, serum lipids, electrolytes, blood pressure and HRQoL at baseline, at 3, 6 and 12 months after switching from CA/HC to DR-HC.

Results

The study showed a significant reduction of waist circumference and BMI (p = 0.04, for both), after 3 and 6months of DR-HC treatment, respectively. No significant changes were observed for fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR index, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, electrolytes, and blood pressure. However, HDL cholesterol significantly decreased (p = 0.003). An improvement of AddiQoL total score was observed during DR-HC treatment (p = 0.01), mainly for the category “emotions”. No predictors resulted for these changes.

Conclusion

DR-HC treatment provides some benefits in patients with SAI, reducing central adiposity and improving HRQoL; however, worsening of HDL cholesterol is observed during treatment with DR-HC.
Dynamic multi-objective sequence-wise recommendation framework via deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Zhang Xiankun , Shang Yuhu , Ren Yimeng , Liang Kun
Published: October 2022

Sequence-wise recommendation, where recommend exercises to each student step by step, is one of the most exciting tasks in the field of intelligent tutoring systems (ITS). It is important to develop a personalized sequence-wise recommendation framework that immerses students in learning and helps them acquire as much necessary knowledge as possible, rather than merely focusing on providing non-mastered exercises, which is referred to optimize a single objective. However, due to the different knowledge levels of students and the large scale of exercise banks, it is difficult to generate a personalized exercise recommendation for each student. To fully exploit the multifaceted beneficial information collected from e-learning platforms, we design a dynamic multi-objective sequence-wise recommendation framework via deep reinforcement learning, i.e., DMoSwR-DRL, which automatically select the most suitable exercises for each student based on the well-designed domain-objective rewards. Within this framework, the interaction between students and exercises can be explicitly modeled by integrating the actor–critic network and the state representation component, which can greatly help the agent perform effective reinforcement learning. Specifically, we carefully design a state representation module with dynamic recurrent mechanism, which integrates concept information and exercise difficulty level, thus generating a continuous state representation of the student. Subsequently, a flexible reward function is designed to simultaneously optimize the four domain-specific objectives of difficulty, novelty, coverage, and diversity, providing the students with a trade-off sequence-wise recommendation. To set up the online evaluation, we test DMoSwR-DRL on a simulated environment which can model qualitative development of knowledge level and predicts their performance for a given exercise. Comprehensive experiments are conducted on four classical exercise-answer datasets, and the results show the effectiveness and advantages of DMoSwR-DRL in terms of recommendation quality.
Argumentation Reasoning with Graph Isomorphism Networks for Reddit Conversation Analysis
Authors: Alsinet Teresa , Argelich Josep , Béjar Ramón , Gibert Daniel , Planes Jordi
Published: October 2022

The automated analysis of different trends in online debating forums is an interesting tool for sampling the agreement between citizens in different topics. In previous work, we have defined computational models to measure different values in these online debating forums. One component in these models has been the identification of the set of accepted posts by an argumentation problem that characterizes this accepted set through a particular argumentation acceptance semantics. A second component is the classification of posts into two groups: the ones that agree with the root post of the debate, and the ones that disagree with it. Once we compute the set of accepted posts, we compute the different measures we are interested to get from the debate, as functions defined over the bipartition of the posts and the set of accepted posts. In this work, we propose to explore the use of graph neural networks (GNNs), based on graph isomorphism networks, to solve the problem of computing these measures, using as input the debate tree, instead of using our previous argumentation reasoning system. We focus on the particular online debate forum Reddit, and on the computation of a measure of the polarization in the debate. We explore the use of two different approaches: one where a single GNN model computes directly the polarization of the debate, and another one where the polarization is computed using two different GNNs: the first one to compute the accepted posts of the debate, and the second one to compute the bipartition of the posts of the debate. Our results over a set of Reddit debates show that GNNs can be used to compute the polarization measure with an acceptable error, even if the number of layers of the network is bounded by a constant. We observed that the model based on a single GNN shows the lowest error, yet the one based on two GNNs has more flexibility to compute additional measures from the debates. We also compared the execution time of our GNN-based models with a previous approach based on a distributed algorithm for the computation of the accepted posts, and observed a better performance.
Derecho Internacional y Justicia Transicional: Explorando Algunos Desafíos a Través del Caso Colombiano
Authors: Alviar-García Helena , Betancur-Restrepo Laura
Published: October 2022

América Latina siempre ha sido central para la configuración, interpretación y operación del campo de la justicia transicional. Empezando a fines de la década de 1980 con las contribuciones de juristas interesados en las transiciones democráticas luego de las dictaduras en el Cono Sur, la firma del Acuerdo de Paz en Guatemala en 1996, y la Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación en Perú, hasta el caso más reciente de Colombia, la academia y el activismo en América Latina han contribuido de manera significativa a la teoría y práctica de la justicia transicional. Este ensayo explora una cuestión central para los procesos recientes de justicia transicional: la interacción y posibles contradicciones entre el objetivo de poner fin a un conflicto interno violento y las demandas que impone el Derecho internacional. Colombia sirve como ejemplo, en tanto el caso colombiano está informado por todas las experiencias anteriores, pero también porque es el primer proceso de justicia transicional que se desarrolla en la región desde la entrada en vigor de la Corte Penal Internacional. Si bien el proceso colombiano aún está siendo implementado, y es demasiado pronto para definir su éxito o fracaso, ofrece un punto de vista importante acerca de las interacciones difíciles, complejas y profundas entre el Derecho internacional, la paz interna y la justicia transicional. Este ensayo explora así la manera como los actores locales y externos involucrados en la negociación e implementación del Acuerdo presentaron el Derecho internacional como si fuera unívoco y universal, como si no hubiese interpretaciones en competencia dentro de la disciplina, y como si fuera neutral en relación con las discusiones políticas internas. Sobre la base de este análisis, el ensayo busca arrojar luz acerca de los usos ideológicos del Derecho internacional.
The US chamber and chambers of commerce respond to Black Lives Matter: Cheap talk, progressive neoliberalism, or transformative change?
Authors: Kinderman Daniel
Published: October 2022

This article examines the responses of the US Chamber of Commerce and state- and local-level chambers of commerce to Black Lives Matter (BLM). The US Chamber of Commerce's Equality of Opportunity Initiative stresses the business case for racial equity and the economic benefits that can be attained by overcoming race-related inequalities. Many chambers are adopting racially progressive positions, often at some cost to themselves. This article contributes a typology of stances and actions and draws on interviews with American business leaders to characterize American business organization responses to BLM. There is some movement beyond a progressive neoliberal vision of nondiscrimination to acknowledge that it is necessary to “level the playing field.” And the Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) initiatives of state- and regional-level chambers suggest that they are making genuine and, in some cases, bold and meaningful attempts to advance the cause of racial equity. The evidence suggests that popular mobilization and social pressure following George Floyd's brutal murder played a critical role in enabling this progress. However, the parallels and similarities between current chamber and business DEI efforts and business stances in the tumultuous 1960s and 1970s raise the question: Can current efforts succeed where previous efforts have failed?
ON DOUBLE-MEMBERSHIP GRAPHS OF MODELS OF ANTI-FOUNDATION
Authors: ADAM-DAY BEA , HOWE JOHN , MENNUNI ROSARIO
Published: October 2022

We answer some questions about graphs that are reducts of countable models of Anti-Foundation, obtained by considering the binary relation of double-membership
$x\in y\in x$
. We show that there are continuum-many such graphs, and study their connected components. We describe their complete theories and prove that each has continuum-many countable models, some of which are not reducts of models of Anti-Foundation.
Divergence of mock Fourier series for spectral measures
Authors: Pan Wu-yi , Ai Wen-hui
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we study divergence properties of the Fourier series on Cantor-type fractal measure, also called the mock Fourier series. We give a sufficient condition under which the mock Fourier series for doubling spectral measure is divergent on a set of strictly positive measure. In particular, there exists an example of the quarter Cantor measure whose mock Fourier sums are not almost everywhere convergent.
CLIMATIC OSCILLATIONS DURING MIS 3–2 RECORDED IN SETS OF 14C AND OSL DATES—A STUDY BASED ON DATA FROM POLAND
Authors: Michczyńska Danuta J , Dzieduszyńska Danuta A , Petera-Zganiacz Joanna , Wachecka-Kotkowska Lucyna , Krzyszkowski Dariusz , Wieczorek Dariusz , Ludwikowska-Kędzia Małgorzata , Gębica Piotr , Starkel Leszek
Published: October 2022

Terrestrial environments tend to be characterized by an incomplete record of past conditions. For the MIS 3–2 periods, there is only one known site in Poland—Horoszki Duże—in which a probably continuous record of climate change has been preserved. However, this site does not have any high precision multi-proxy analyses. In the absence of continuous high-resolution records, we decided to gather and analyze scattered information. We assembled data originating from various sites in Poland and checked whether the available results of 14C and luminescence dating presented in the form of probability density distributions (PDF) and kernel density estimation (KDE) models would allow their reinterpretation. The data were compared to the Greenland isotope curve to see whether they were consistent with the hypothesis that the number of “warming-cooling” cycles recorded in the examined sediments was of the same order as in those ice-core records. Previously in Poland, usually only two interstadial periods (i.e., Hengelo and Denekamp, 36–38.6 and 28–32 14C kBP, respectively) have been identified in the discussed period. The joint analysis of data from a larger area revealed more warming-cooling events than recorded from individual sites.
Finite orbit width effects in large aspect ratio stellarators
Authors: d'Herbemont Vincent , Parra Felix I. , Calvo Iván , Velasco José Luis
Published: October 2022

New orbit-averaged equations for low collisionality neoclassical fluxes in large aspect ratio stellarators with mirror ratios close to unity are derived. The equations retain finite orbit width effects by employing the second adiabatic invariant

$J$

as a velocity-space coordinate and they have been implemented in the orbit-averaged neoclassical code KNOSOS (Velasco et al., J. Comput. Phys., vol. 418, 2020, 109512; Velasco et al., Nucl. Fusion, vol. 61, 2021, 116013). The equations are used to study the

$1/\nu$

regime and the lower collisionality regimes. For generic large aspect ratio stellarators with mirror ratios close to unity, as the collision frequency decreases, the

$1/\nu$

regime transitions directly into the

$\nu$

regime, without passing through a

$\sqrt {\nu }$

regime. An explicit formula for the neoclassical fluxes in the

$\nu$

regime is obtained. The formula includes the effect of particles that transition between different types of wells. While these transitions produce stochastic scattering independent of the value of the collision frequency in velocity space, the diffusion in real space remains proportional to the collision frequency. The

$\sqrt {\nu }$

regime is only recovered in large aspect ratio stellarators close to omnigeneity: large aspect ratio stellarators with large mirror ratios and optimized large aspect ratio stellarators with mirror ratios close to unity. Neoclassical transport in large aspect ratio stellarators with large mirror ratios can be calculated with the orbit-averaged equations derived by Calvo et al. (Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion, vol. 59, 2017, 055014). In these stellarators, the

$\sqrt {\nu }$

regime exists in the collisionality interval

$(a/R) \ln (R/a) \ll \nu _{ii} R a/\rho _i v_{ti} \ll R/a$

. In optimized large aspect ratio stellarators with mirror ratios close to unity, the

$\sqrt {\nu }$

regime occurs in an interval of collisionality that depends on the deviation from omnigeneity

$\delta$

:

$\delta ^{2} |\ln \delta | \ll \nu _{ii} R a/\rho _i v_{ti} \ll 1$

. Here,

$\nu _{ii}$

is the ion–ion collision frequency,

$\rho _i$

and

$v_{ti}$

are the ion gyroradius and thermal speed, and

$a$

and

$R$

are the minor and major radii.
Modelling the nonlinear plasma response to externally applied three-dimensional fields with the Stepped Pressure Equilibrium Code
Authors: Wright A.M. , Kim P. , Ferraro N.M. , Hudson S.R.
Published: October 2022

Small-amplitude, symmetry-breaking magnetic field perturbations, including resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) and error fields, can profoundly impact plasma properties in both tokamaks and stellarators. In this work, we perform the first comparison between the Stepped Pressure Equilibrium Code (SPEC) (a comparatively fast and efficient equilibrium code based on energy-minimisation principles) and M3D-C

$^{1}$

(a high-fidelity albeit computationally expensive initial-value extended-magnetohydro- dynamic (MHD) code) to assess the conditions under which SPEC can be used to model the nonlinear, non-ideal plasma response to an externally applied

$(m=2,n=1)$

RMP field in an experimentally relevant geometry. We find that SPEC is able to capture the plasma response in the weakly nonlinear regime – meaning perturbation amplitudes below the threshold for break up of the separatrix and onset of secondary magnetic island formation – when around half of the total toroidal flux is enclosed in the volume containing the

$q=2$

resonant surface. The observed dependence of SPEC solutions on input parameters, including toroidal flux and the number of volumes into which the plasma is partitioned, indicates that additional exploration of the underlying Multi-Region Relaxed MHD physics model is needed to constrain the choice of parameters. Nonetheless, this work suggests promising applications of SPEC to optimisation and fusion plasma design.
Database-wide hazard modelling of the onset of DIII-D tearing modes with field features
Authors: Olofsson K.E.J. , Akçay C. , Sammuli B.S.
Published: October 2022

The rate of onset (hazard) of tearing modes is modelled probabilistically using statistical learning algorithms. Axisymmetric energy-density equilibrium fields are taken as raw high-dimensional input features which are reduced with principal component analysis. Signal processing of non-axisymmetric magnetics fluctuation array data provides the target information from which to learn. Model selection, visualization and calibration assessment procedures are detailed. The analysis is deployed at large scale across the DIII-D tokamak database. Standard model selection criteria suggest that the energy-density post-processed feature is a better choice for modelling the onset rate compared to the non-processed equilibrium reconstruction solution. Two example applications of the learned rate function are demonstrated: (i) proximity-to-onset discharge monitoring and (ii) database analysis showing an (expected) observational global trend that the general hazard increases as a plasma performance metric increases. An important connection between the hazard function and its use as a conditional probability generator is reviewed in the Appendix.
Snapshot of the Atlantic Forest canopy: surveying arboreal mammals in a biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Kaizer Mariane C. , Alvim Thiago H.G. , Novaes Claudio L. , McDevitt Allan D. , Young Robert J.
Published: October 2022

The Atlantic Forest of South America supports a rich terrestrial biodiversity but has been reduced to only a small extent of its original forest cover. It hosts a large number of endemic mammalian species but our knowledge of arboreal mammal ecology and conservation has been limited because of the challenges of observing arboreal species from ground level. Camera trapping has proven to be an effective tool in terrestrial mammal monitoring but the technique has rarely been used for arboreal species. For the first time in the Atlantic Forest, we obtained data on the arboreal mammal community using arboreal camera trapping, focusing on Caparaó National Park, Brazil. We placed 24 infrared camera traps in the forest canopy in seven areas within the Park, operating them continuously during January 2017–June 2019. During this period the camera traps accumulated 4,736 camera-days of footage and generated a total of 2,256 photographs and 30-s videos of vertebrates. The arboreal camera traps were able to detect arboreal mammals of a range of body sizes. The mammal assemblage comprised 15 identifiable species, including the Critically Endangered northern muriquiBrachyteles hypoxanthusand buffy-headed marmosetCallithrix flavicepsas well as other rare, nocturnal and inconspicuous species. We confirmed for the first time the occurrence of the thin-spined porcupineChaetomys subspinosusin the Park. Species richness varied across survey areas and forest types. Our findings demonstrate the potential of arboreal camera trapping to inform conservation strategies.
Product redesign considering the sensitivity of customer satisfaction
Authors: Sha Kaixin , Li Yupeng , Zhao Zhihua , Zhang Na
Published: October 2022

Redesign is a widespread strategy for product improvement whose essence is the optimization of design parameters (DPs) considering the trade-off between customer satisfaction and cost concerns. Similar to the relation between customer requirements (CRs) and customer satisfaction, the sensitivity of customer satisfaction is diverse to different DPs. In this study, a sensitivity-enhanced customer satisfaction function is defined for redesign model construction. This fills the research gap in product redesign that lacking of consideration and quantification of customer satisfaction sensitivity. First, a sensitivity index is defined based on Kano indices for analyzing sensitivity of customer satisfaction in different DP categories. Second, traditional customer satisfaction function has been improved by injecting the sensitivity of customer satisfaction to the variations of DPs. Subsequently, a DP optimization model is established to maximize shared surplus between customers and enterprise. Finally, a case study involving the redesign of a braking system of automobile is implemented to demonstrate the effectiveness and rationality of the proposed approach. The results show that the improved customer satisfaction function can reflect a more nuanced relationship between customer satisfaction and fulfilment level of DPs. Additionally, the proposed redesign model helps designers determine the target values of DPs under a better trade-off and enhances enterprise competitiveness.
Three Forms of Actualist Direct Consequentialism
Authors: Nair Shyam
Published: October 2022

One family of maximizing act consequentialist theories is actualist direct theories. Indeed, historically there are at least three different forms of actualist direct consequentialism (due to Bentham, Moore, and contemporary consequentialists). This article is about the logical differences between these three actualist direct theories and the differences between actualist direct theories and their competitors. Three main points emerge. First, the sharpest separation between actualist direct theories and their competitors concerns the so-called ‘inheritance’ principle. Second, there are a myriad of other logical differences among actualist direct theories. Third, one theory (Moore's theory) stands out among actualist direct theories because it entails a variety of logical principles. This fact may count in favor of that theory.
A Hermite spline approach for modelling population mortality
Authors: Tang Sixian , Li Jackie , Tickle Leonie
Published: October 2022

One complication in mortality modelling is capturing the impact of risk factors that contribute to mortality differentials between different populations. Evidence has suggested that mortality differentials tend to diminish over age. Classical methods such as the Gompertz law attempt to capture mortality patterns over age using intercept and slope parameters, possibly causing an unjustified mortality crossover at advanced ages when applied independently to different populations. In recent research, Richards (Scandinavian Actuarial Journal2020(2), 110–127) proposed a Hermite spline (HS) model that describes the age pattern of mortality differentials using one parameter and circumvents an unreasonable crossover by default. The original HS model was applied to pension data at individual level in the age dimension only. This paper extends the method to model population mortality in both age and period dimensions. Our results indicate that in addition to possessing desirable fitting properties, the HS approach can produce accurate mortality forecasts, compared with the Gompertz and P-splines models.