bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The hydrological cycle in the high Pamir Mountains: how temperature and seasonal precipitation distribution influence stream flow in the Gunt catchment, Tajikistan
Authors: Pohl E. , Knoche M. , Gloaguen R. , Andermann C. , Krause P.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Complex climatic interactions control hydrological processes in high mountains that in their turn regulate the erosive forces shaping the relief. To unravel the hydrological cycle of a glaciated watershed (Gunt River) considered representative of the Pamirs' hydrologic regime we developed a remote sensing-based approach. At the boundary between two distinct climatic zones dominated by Westerlies and Indian summer monsoon, the Pamir is poorly instrumented and only a few in situ meteorological and hydrological data are available. We adapted a suitable conceptual distributed hydrological model (J2000g). Interpolations of the few available in situ data are inadequate due to strong, relief induced, spatial heterogeneities. Instead we use raster data, preferably from remote sensing sources depending on availability and validation. We evaluate remote sensing-based precipitation and temperature products. MODIS MOD11 surface temperatures show good agreement with in situ data, perform better than other products and represent a good proxy for air temperatures. For precipitation we tested remote sensing products as well as the HAR10 climate model data and the interpolation-based APHRODITE dataset. All products show substantial differences both in intensity and seasonal distribution with in-situ data. Despite low resolutions, the datasets are able to sustain high model efficiencies (NSE ≥0.85). In contrast to neighbouring regions in the Himalayas or the Hindukush, discharge is dominantly the product of snow and glacier melt and thus temperature is the essential controlling factor. 80% of annual precipitation is provided as snow in winter and spring contrasting peak discharges during summer. Hence, precipitation and discharge are negatively correlated and display complex hysteresis effects that allow to infer the effect of inter-annual climatic variability on river flow. We infer the existence of two subsurface reservoirs. The groundwater reservoir (providing 40% of annual discharge) recharges in spring and summer and releases slowly during fall and winter. A not fully constrained shallow reservoir with very rapid retention times buffers melt waters during spring and summer. This study highlights the importance of a better understanding of the hydrologic cycle to constrain natural hazards such as floods and landslides as well as water availability in the downstream areas. The negative glacier mass balance (−0.6 m w.e. yr−1) indicates glacier retreat, that will effect the currently 30% contribution of glacier melt to stream flow.
A strategy for GIS-based 3-D slope stability modelling over large areas
Authors: Mergili M. , Marchesini I. , Alvioli M. , Metz M. , Schneider-Muntau B. , Rossi M. , Guzzetti F.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. GIS-based deterministic models may be used for landslide susceptibility mapping over large areas. However, such efforts require specific strategies to (i) keep computing time at an acceptable level, and (ii) parameterize the geotechnical data. We test and optimize the performance of the GIS-based, 3-D slope stability model r.slope.stability in terms of computing time and model results. The model was developed as a C- and Python-based raster module of the open source software GRASS GIS and considers the 3-D geometry of the sliding surface. It calculates the factor of safety (FoS) and the probability of slope failure (Pf) for a number of randomly selected potential slip surfaces, ellipsoidal or truncated in shape. Model input consists of a digital elevation model (DEM), ranges of geotechnical parameter values derived from laboratory tests, and a range of possible soil depths estimated in the field. Probability density functions are exploited to assign Pf to each ellipsoid. The model calculates for each pixel multiple values of FoS and Pf corresponding to different sliding surfaces. The minimum value of FoS and the maximum value of Pf for each pixel give an estimate of the landslide susceptibility in the study area. Optionally, r.slope.stability is able to split the study area into a defined number of tiles, allowing parallel processing of the model on the given area. Focusing on shallow landslides, we show how multi-core processing makes it possible to reduce computing times by a factor larger than 20 in the study area. We further demonstrate how the number of random slip surfaces and the sampling of parameters influence the average value of Pf and the capacity of r.slope.stability to predict the observed patterns of shallow landslides in the 89.5 km2 Collazzone area in Umbria, central Italy.
Genetic inference of group dynamics and female kin structure in a western lowland gorilla population (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)
Authors: Arandjelovic M. , Head J. , Boesch C. , Robbins M. M. , Vigilant L.
Published: December 2014

Abstract. Dispersal and grouping patterns form the foundations of social interactions in group-living mammals and are the outcomes of a complex interplay between inbreeding avoidance, kin cooperation and competition, predation pressure and food resource distribution. In species where both sexes disperse, the potential for kin-biased associations would seem limited. In one such species, the western lowland gorilla (WLG), short-term data suggest that female kin associations may be present due to directed local dispersal decisions, but monitoring of groups over longer timescales is needed to better elucidate this pattern. Using autosomal genotyping of 419 faecal samples representing 85 unhabituated gorillas collected non-invasively over 5 years in a 132 km2 section of Loango National Park, Gabon, we investigated the dynamics of WLG group composition, social structure and patterns of dispersal. By revealing two group dissolutions, one group formation and the movement of 13 gorillas between groups, this study demonstrates the utility of genetic analysis as a way to track individuals, groups and population dynamics on a larger scale than when monitoring the behaviour of a limited number of habituated groups or through one-time genetic sampling. Furthermore, we find that females are found in groups containing their female kin more often than expected by chance, suggesting that dispersal may not impede female kin associations in WLGs.
Issuing Interim Measures in Arbitration in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ghazwi Mohamed Fahmi , Masum Ahmad , Yaacob Nurli Bt
Published: December 2014

An interim measure is, broadly speaking, a remedy or a relief that is aimed at safeguarding the rights of parties to a dispute pending its final resolution. The paper aims to provide a clarification to the Arbitration law in Saudi Arabia focusing mainly on the issue of the issuing of interim measures in arbitration by identifying the process stages under the Saudi Arbitration Law 2012. This paper discusses the issuing of interim measure in international arbitration in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia through identification of laws, process and procedure in the issuance of interim measures in arbitration proceedings. Two major research strategies are adopted in this study, which are, qualitative and analysis based on exploratory approach for process of issuing interim measures in arbitration. Data were collected from libraries and published reports as well as interviews conducted with judges and arbitrators in Saudi Arabia. This paper challenges the argument of issuing interim measures by showing the process and the mechanism used in Saudi Arabia. The researchers explored the missing issues of the law related to the issue of interim measures in international arbitration in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia as well as the standards of issuing the interim measures.
Recognition and Enforcement of International Arbitration Awards: A Case Study of Malaysia and Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ghazwi Mohamed Fahmi , Masum Ahmad , Yaacob Nurli
Published: December 2014

Recognition and enforcement are crucial elements of arbitration. Without the possibility for the winning party to enforce the arbitral award in its desired country, the whole arbitration process becomes pointless. This paper discusses the requirements for recognition and enforcement of international arbitration awards in Malaysia and Saudi Arabia. The paper aims to provide a clarification to the Arbitration law in both countries focusing mainly on the issue of the requirements regarding the recognition and enforcement of international arbitration awards. In this paper, both the Malaysian Arbitration Act 2005 and the Saudi Arbitration Act 2012 were compared with the Convention on Settlement of Investment Disputes 1965 (ICSID Convention). The methodology adopted in this paper was purely doctrinal in nature focusing mainly on the primary and secondary sources. On a final note, the paper concluded that the two Acts are less similar to the ICSID Convention when it comes to the requirements for recognition and enforcement of international arbitration awards. Hence, there is an urgent need for the two countries to adopt some form of reforms as far as the two Acts are concerned especially on the issue of ‘reciprocity reservation’ since it adds more complications to business transaction.
Maritime Labour Convention
Authors: Ntovas Alexandros X.M.
Published: December 2014

The Maritime Labour Convention (Convention) is a global legal instrument developed by the International Labour Organization (ILO) in Geneva. It was drafted with a view to completing the international regulatory regime for quality shipping as the “fourth pillar,” standing next to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships,the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, and the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers. Its two fundamental aims are to ensure comprehensive and worldwide protection of the rights of seafarers, and in doing so, to also allow a level playing field for states and ship owners committed to providing decent working and living conditions for seafarers by protecting them from unfair competition on the part of substandard ships. To this end, the establishment of firm rules that can be flexibly implemented by state parties, while at the same time providing rigorous compliance and enforcement procedures to safeguard their integrity and efficiency, are important aspects underlying the Convention.
ASPECTOS PRODUTIVOS E COMERCIAIS DO PINHÃO NO ESTADO DO PARANÁ
Authors: Dos Santos Anadalvo Juazeiro , Corso Néder Maciel , Martins Gílson , Bittencourt Eduardo
Published: December 2014

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar aspectos produtivos e de comercialização do pinhão, semente da árvore conhecida vulgarmente como Pinheiro do Paraná (Araucária angustifolia (Bert.) O Kuntze). Esta espécie vegetal de porte arbóreo ocorre na região Sul e Sudeste do Brasil, principalmente nos Estados do Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina e Paraná. Do ponto de vista metodológico foi primeiramente realizado um levantamento de dados econômicos sobre este produto nas instituições públicas do Estado do Paraná. A partir destes dados foram calculadas a Margem Bruta e o Markup de Comercialização. Também foi construído o fluxograma que apresenta os diversos elos que compõe a cadeia extrativa deste Produto Florestal Não Madeirável. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a maior parte da lucratividade no interior desta cadeia é apropriada pelos intermediários. Técnicas de conservação e industrialização devem ser desenvolvidas para promover a comercialização e uso do pinhão em outras épocas do ano, além da estação de produção. Isto tornaria o preço de mercado mais atraente incentivando a sua extração e comercialização. PRODUCTIVE AND COMMERCIAL ASPECT OF PINHÃO IN PARANA STATE Abstract This paper intends to give a marketing prime in the study of the pinhão, an edible seed from Parana-pine (Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O Kuntze).This species occurs in Southern Brazil, mainly along the States of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Parana.This study concentrated firstly in the agregation of data from publics institucions of Parana State. Secondly, it carries out the calculus of the index of gross commercialization margins and markup of commercialization. It also builds a flow concerning the various levels composing the marketing chain. Results obtained point out that the majority of rentability is apropriate for intermediary also the industralization techniques should be developed in order to promote the commercialization and use of pinhão in other periods of the year, besides the season of production. Addicionaly, there should be better prices for de producers to incentive the activity
ESTIMACIÓN DE LA BIOMASA DE COPA PARA ÁRBOLES EN PIE DE Pinus tropicalis MORELET EN LA EMPRESA FORESTAL INTEGRAL MACURIJE DE LA PROVINCIA DE PINAR DEL RÍO, CUBA
Authors: Corona Alberto Vidal , Rodríguez Jesús Rodríguez , Naranjo Julio Yoan Benítez , Rivera Roberto Carlos Álvarez , Ríos Humberto Gra , Ríos Humberto Gra
Published: December 2014

Los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo se presentan en forma de tablas elaboradas tomando como base los modelos matemáticos definidos a partir de las talas principales de bosques naturales de Pinus tropicalis Morelet mediante el empleo del análisis de regresión, para la cuantificación de la biomasa de copa (follaje y rama) de árboles en pie de la Empresa Forestal Integral Macurije, utilizando un muestreo completamente aleatorio por clases diamétricas. Se tomaron un total de 191 árboles que fueron talados, desramados y desfoliados, procediéndose al pesaje por separado, tanto de la biomasa foliar como de las ramas, de cada árbol, además de medir su diámetro a 1,3 metros del suelo y su longitud total. ESTIMATION OF CROWN BIOMASS FOR STANDING TREES OF Pinus tropicalis MORELET IN THE FOREST INTEGRATED ENTERPRISE MACURIJE IN THE PINAR DEL RÍO PROVINCE, CUBA. Abstract Results offered in this paper are crowns weight tables (foliage and branches) contracted through equations derived from Pinus tropicalis Morelet natural forest using linear regression techniques. Data used were collected using a completely randomised design by diameter classes from 191 felled trees, cut the branches, strip off the leaves and weight them, one at a time. Besides, diameters at 1,3 meter above the ground level and total height were measured.
LEVANTAMENTO DE DOENÇAS EM IPÊ-AMARELO (Tabebuia chrysotricha) EM CURITIBA, PR
Authors: Wielewski Patricia , Auer Celso Garcia , Grigoletti Junior Albino
Published: December 2014

Uma das espécies mais utilizadas na arborização de Curitiba é o ipê-amarelo, Tabebuia chrysotricha (Mart, ex DC.) Standl. Em 1998, verificaram-se algumas anormalidades em árvores de ipê-amarelo, em vias públicas de Curitiba, como a floração irregular e a redução da frutificação. As seguintes hipóteses foram formuladas, para explicar estas anormalidades: mudanças climáticas, estresse, idade das árvores e a ocorrência de doenças. Neste estudou-se as principais doenças do ipê-amarelo, na Região Metropolitana de Curitiba. Análises fitopatologicas foram feitas em sementes, em mudas e em árvores, em área urbana. As sementes apresentaram fungos potencialmente patogênicos como Fusarium, Alternaria, Phomopsis e Phoma. As doenças constatadas em mudas e árvores de ruas foram a crosta-marrom causada por Apiosphaeria guaranitica, o oídio e a fumagina. A doença crosta-marrom revelou-se como a mais severa e prevalente em áreas urbanizadas. SURVEY OF DISEASES ON IPÊ- AMARELO (Tabebuia chrysotricha) IN CURITIBA, PARANÁ STATE Abstract One of the most used tree for urban forestry at Curitiba is ipê-amarelo, Tabebuia chrysotricha (Mart, ex DC.) Standl. In 1998, some anormalyties were noted on ipê-amarelo trees, on Curitiba streets, such as irregular flowering and fruiting. In order to explain this fact, some hypotheses were formulated: climate change, tree age and occurrence of diseases. This study was developed to know the diseases on this species, at Metropolitan Region of Curitiba. Seed pathology and diagnosis of diseases were performed on seeds, seedlings and urban trees. Pathological analysis on seeds revealed potential pathogenic fungi as Fusarium, Alternaria, Phomopsis and Phoma. The following diseases were found on seedlings and trees: corky leaf spot of ipê-amarelo caused by Apiosphaeria guaranitica, powdery mildew and sooty mold. The most frequent and severe disease on trees was corky leaf spot, in urban areas.
The Effect of On-Farm Slaughter via Gunshot and Conventional Slaughter on Sensory and Objective Measures of Beef Quality Parameters
Authors: Friedrich Markus S. , Schiffer Katrin J. , Retz Stefanie , Stehling Caroline , Seuß-Baum Ingrid , Hensel Oliver
Published: December 2014

Beef quality parameters can be negatively affected by pre-slaughter stress. Slaughter via gunshot directly on the pasture appears to be suitable for the reduction of pre-slaughter stress by avoiding stressors such as transportation, lairage and human contact. The effect of slaughtering via gunshot on sensory and objective measures of beef quality parameters for the Musculus longissimus dorsi of Galloway steers was analyzed and compared to conventional slaughter at the abattoir using captive-bolt stunning. The Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) was significantly (P < 0.01) lower for the meat of the animals slaughtered via gunshot (arithmetic mean (AM) gunshot: 4.34 kg; AM captive-bolt pistol: 4.77 kg). However, trained assessors were not able to recognize this difference (P > 0.05). No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed for cooking loss and the sensory quality evaluation of juiciness. As measured by the WBSF, the meat of the animals slaughtered via gunshot was slightly more tender than was the meat of the animals stunned with a captive-bolt pistol. However, for the cooking loss and sensory evaluations, no effect of the slaughter methods was observed. Nevertheless, this study reveals the potential that slaughter via gunshot provides for the improvement of beef quality.
Sustainable Choices for a Comprehensive Agricultural Sector in the Congo Basin of Central Africa
Authors: Molua Ernest L. , Thiombiano Lamourdia , Fonteh Mathias F. , Sagnia Sankung , Nguinguiri Jean Claude
Published: December 2014

Agriculture in the Central African sub-region is still to fulfill its promise of creating decent employment and welfare. Climate change threatens to exacerbate this challenge. This paper specifies a model for sustainable comprehensive agricultural development in the Congo Basin and identifies options for improving livelihoods and achieving food security while addressing the global concerns of carbon sequestration and preserving biodiversity. It is suggested that the capacity of local and regional institutions be enhanced to communicate the model recommendations as part of a broad agenda in agricultural planning and decision making processes which address biodiversity management, climate change adaptation and national development priorities.
Farmers’ Knowledge on the Sweetpotato Cultivars Grown in the Teso Sub-Region, Uganda
Authors: Epeju William Faustine
Published: December 2014

The farmers’ knowledge of the cultivars to use in increasing sweetpotato productivity is critically important. A study was carried out in the Teso Sub-region to investigate the role of education in sweet potato production. Using an ex post facto design, 24 out of 51 sub-counties were purposively selected applying district-county strata and used to determine the perceptions of sweetpotato farmers and of their agricultural advisers. Through interviews, observations and questionnaires, the survey covered 288 farmers randomly selected and a whole population of 33 agricultural advisers, while 329 community leaders purposively selected and farmers randomly selected were engaged in focus group discussions. A total of 650 persons participated. Data were collected on farmers’ knowledge of sweetpotato cultivars grown capturing selected attributes. Analysis of data was done qualitatively using open and axial coding and quantitatively using means, frequencies, percentages, ANOVA and multiple regressions at a confidence level of 0.05 (?). Using selected attributes, farmers identified 139 cultivars grown. The best performing cultivar was Araka yielding a range of 19,001-29,000 kg/ha but was susceptible to the sweetpotato weevil and drought. Araka also stores poorly as dried chips or sliced. The least performing cultivars were Elany ikokolak, Epaku & Ocaka amani with yields below 5,000 kg/ha but less susceptible. Commercialising the crop with value addition, farmers need up-scaling of their scientific knowledge of cultivars and production as basis for better multiplification & selection of vines for higher yields needed in processing the crop for its several uses.
The Future is Now
Authors: La Porta Alphonse F , Grossman Debra A
Published: December 2014

No abstract available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v0i5.361 The Mongolian Journal of International Affairs; Number 5, 1998, Pages 3-17
Mongolian Security in the 21st Century: In quest of Friends and Partners, Not Allies
Authors: Magi Alvin , Mansbach Richard W
Published: December 2014

No abstract available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v0i5.362 The Mongolian Journal of International Affairs; Number 5, 1998, Pages 8-19
Limited Player’s Game: Psychological Aspects
Authors: Otgonbayar Y
Published: December 2014

No abstract available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v0i5.363 The Mongolian Journal of International Affairs; Number 5, 1998, Pages 20-37
An Alternative Interpretation of Industrial Promotion Policy: The Mongolian Experience
Authors: Kuribayashi S
Published: December 2014

No abstract available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v0i5.365 The Mongolian Journal of International Affairs; Number 5, 1998, Pages 47-58
American Foreign Service (Some Aspects of its Development)
Authors: Olzvoy Khumbagyn
Published: December 2014

No abstract available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v0i5.367 The Mongolian Journal of International Affairs; Number 5, 1998, Pages 73-80
ДАРХАДЫН ХОТГОРЫН ХУРДАС ХУРИМТЛАЛЫН ОРЧИН, УУР АМЬСГАЛЫН ОНЦЛОГИЙГ БИОГЕОХИМИЙН СУДАЛГААНЫ АРГААР ТОДОРХОЙЛОХ НЬ
Authors: Оюунчимэг Ц. , Кривоногов С.
Published: December 2014

Монгол орон нь Ази тивийн муссоны тогтолцооны хойд зах, өрнөдөөс Атлантын агаарын их урсгал зонхилдог Сибирийн эх газрын уур амьсгалын өмнөд зах нийлсэн завсарын бүсд оршдог газар зүйн онцлогтой. Мөн тектоникийн идэвхижил ихтэй Умард Монголын бүс нутаг Дархадын хотгорт мөстлөгийн ул мөр харьцангуй элбэг тохиолдох тул эртний уур амьсгал, байгаль орчны өөрчлөлт, тэдгээрийг сэргээн тодруулах судалгааны ажилд зайлшгүй судлах шаардлагатай объектийн тоонд орно.Дархадын хотгор нь Байгалийн рифтийн бүсийн баруун өмнөд хэсэгт далайн түвшнээс 1538 м өндөрт оршино. Дархадын хотгорын хэмжээнд одоогоос 100000-95000 жилийн өмнө явагдсан мөстлөгийн хамгийн их түрэлттэй холбоотойгоор мөсөн даланд боогдсон томоохон хэмжээний нуур оршиж байсан нь тогтоогдсон (Дорофеюк ба бусад 1998) бөгөөд хожуу плейстоцены төгсгөл үеэс эхлэн нуурын ус татарч улмаар өөр хоорондоо холбоотой хэд хэдэн нуур үлдсэн нь одоогийн Доод (Доод цагаан) нуур юм. Энэхүү эрдэм шинжилгээний өгүүлэлд Доод нуурын хурдасын литологийн тогтоц болон зарим цөмрөгийн биогеохимийн судалгааны дүнг үндэслэн хурдасын органик бодисын агууламж, тархалтын зүй тогтол, тэдгээрийн эх үүсвэр зэргийг тогтоож улмаар Дархадын хотгорын сүүлийн 14400 жилийн (урьдчилсан байдлаар) уур амьсгал, байгаль орчны өөрчлөлт, тэдгээрээс үүдэлтэй нуурын усны түвшний хэлбэлзэлийг тогтоох оролдлого хийлээ.Судалгааны материал болох 3 өрмийн цөмрөгийг 2005 онд Монгол-Оросын хамтарсан экспедицийн хүрээнд авсан. Эдгээр цөмрөгийн органик нүүрстөрөгч (TOC) ба азотын нийлбэр (TN) агуулга, нийлбэр хүхрийн (TS) агуулгыг Elemental Analyzer CHNS-O багажаар (KORDI) тодорхойлсон. Үүнээс Core-1 өрмийн цөмрөгийн хэд хэдэн интервал дээр үнэмлэхүй нас тодорхойлогдсоноор түүнийг судалгааны голлох материал болгосон. Дээжин дэх органик нүүрстөрөгч болон нийлбэр азотын агуулга нилээд хэлбэлзэлтэй TOC 1.32% -6.59% ба TN 0.139% - 0.512% хооронд байна. Ялангуяа цөмрөгийн дээд талын 300 см-н хурдасд TOC ба TN агуулга харьцангуй өндөр байгаа нь Голоцен буюу одоогоос 10000 жилийн өмнө уур амьсгал дулаан байсныг гэрчилж, харин цөмрөгийн доод хэсгийн 300 см-т тэдгээрийн агуулга буурсаныг тухайн цаг үед хурдас хуримтлалын хоёр өөр орчин нөхцөл байсныг тодорхойлж байна.DOIProceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences Vol.52(2) 2012 p.5-14
МОНГОЛ ОРНЫ ХАЙЛУУР ЖОНШ ДЭЛХИЙН ЗАХ ЗЭЭЛД ГАРАХДАА ЯМАР ТЕХНОЛОГИОР БОЛОВСРОГДОН ГАРДАГ ТАЛААР
Authors: Нямдаваа Б. , Баяраа С.
Published: December 2014

Судалгааны энэхүү өгүүлэлд хайлуур жоншны хэрэглээ, зах зээл, Монгол орны хайлуур жоншны баяжуулалтын арга хэв маяг, төлөөлөл болгож Хэнтий аймгийн Бор-Өндөр суманд орших “Хүдрийн биет 16-3” ордын дээжинд баяжигдах чанарын судалгаа явуулан үр дүнг оруулав.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/pmas.v52i2.355 Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences Vol.52(2) 2012 p.15-22
МОНГОЛ ОРНЫ ЭНДЕМИК УРГАМАЛ МОНГОЛ ДОГАР-CARYOPTERIS MONGOLICA BGE.-ИЙГ IN VITRO НӨХЦӨЛД ҮРЖҮҮЛСЭН ДҮНГЭЭС
Authors: Бямбасүх Д.
Published: December 2014

Caryopteris mongolica Bge. буюу Монгол Догарын үрийг ариутгаад гиббереллиний хүчил(ГХ) 0.5мг/л, 1мг/л, 2мг/л тус тус агуулсан болон дан МС(хяналт) тэжээлт орчин дээр соёолуулсан. ГХ 2мг/л агуулсан хувилбар нь хяналттай харьцуулахад 20 хувиар үрийн соёололтыг нэмэгдүүлсэн. 28 хоногтой цухуйцаас хажуугийн нахиа бүхий ишний үе болон үрийн талын хэсгийг эксплант болгон сонгон авч Бензиламинопурин(БАП) 1мг/л, БАП 2мг/л ба Индол-3-цууны хүчил(ИЦХ) 0.3 мг/л, БАП 3мг/л концентрациар тус тус агуулсан, мөн Кинетин(КИН) 1мг/л, КИН 2мг/л ба α-нафталин цууны хүчил(НЦХ) 0.3мг/л, КИН 3мг/л ба НЦХ 0.4мг/л харьцаагаар тус тус агуулсан МС үндсэн тэжээлт орчинд өсгөвөрлөсөн. 21 хоногийн дараа найлзуур ургаж, нахиа олширсон байсан учир хэмжилт авч, 28 хоногийн дараа субкультур хийсэн. Нахиа үүсгэхэд хамгийн тохиромжтой орчны хувилбараар үрийн талын эксплант дээр 3 мг/л БАП, харин нахиа бүхий ишний үеийн эксплант дээр КИН=3мг/л, НЦХ=0.4мг/л өсөлтийн бодис агуулсан МС тэжээлт орчин байв. Үүссэн найлзууруудаа ямар нэг өсөлтийн бодис агуулаагүй ½ МС тэжээлт орчинд өсгөвөрлөхөд 7-10 хоногийн дараа үндэс үүсч эхэлж байсан бөгөөд 21-28 хоногт 95% нь үндэслэж байв.IN VITRO PROPAGATION THE MONGOLIAN ENDEMIC PLANT CARYOPTERIS MONGOLICA BGE.Caryopteris mongolica Bge. is rare and endemic plant of Mongolia, which used in traditional medicine of various diseases. We have initiated in vitro propagation the Caryopteris mongolica Bge. from seeds. Seeds were surface sterilized by immersing in 70% ethanol for 90 sec, 10% hydro peroxide for 10 minutes and 5% sodium hypochlorite for 20 minutes. Finally, rinsed with sterile distilled water for 4 times. Sterilized seeds were germinated on MS medium supplemented with 0.5, 1, 2 mg/l gibberillic acid, respectively. Nodal segment and cotyledon explants from 4 weeks old seedling were cultured on the MS basal medium supplemented with benzylaminopurine(BAP) 1 mg/l, BAP 2 mg/l and Indole acetic acid(IAA) 0.3 mg/l, BAP 3 mg/l, Kinetin(KIN) 1 mg/l, KIN 2 mg/l and Naphthalene acetic acid(NAA) 0.3 mg/l, KIN 3 mg/l and NAA 0.4 mg/l concentrations, respectively. After 3 weeks, measured of shoot height and bud number and 4 weeks later subcultured in a same medium. High frequency multiple buds were formed on MS medium supplemented with BAP 3mg/l, from cotyledon explants, but KIN 3 mg/l and NAA 0.4 mg/l was best version of nodal segment explants. All shoots were cultured in the ½ MS basal without any growth regulators for induction of root. After 7-10 days, initiation of root form and 21-28 days later 95% of cultured shoots were rooted.Key words: Caryopteris mongolica Bge., MS basal medium, Gibberillic acid, Benzylaminopurine, Kinetin, Indole-3-acetic acid, α-Naphthalene acetic acid, explants.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/pmas.v52i2.356 Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences Vol.52(2) 2012 p.23-28
НОХОЙ УНАДАГ НУУРЫН ЭМЧИЛГЭЭНИЙ ШАВРЫН СУДАЛГААНЫ ДҮНГЭЭС
Authors: Долмаа Г. , Ганзаяа Г. , Сүхбаатар И. , Номинцэцэг Б.
Published: December 2014

Хураангуй: Нохой унадаг нуурын эмчилгээний шаврын ерөнхий үзүүлэлтүүдийг тодорхойлж, олон улсын ангилалын хүхэрт устөрөгчит лаг шаврын ангилалд багтаж байгааг тогтоов. Шаврын макро, микро элементүүдийн агуулга 0.0001-20 % байна.Шаврын уусмалыг шахах аргаар ялгаж анион, катионы найрлагыг тодорхойлов. Уусмалын гарц 9,09% /байгалийн шаварт/, урвалын орчин рН 8,28, хувийн жин 1,03 г/см3, түүнд ууссан бодисын хэмжээ 20,39 г/л байна. Нохой унадаг нуурын шаврыг туйлт болон туйлгүй уусгагчидаар дараалуулан хандлаж хандууд дахь органик бодисын бүрэлдэхүүнийг хромато-масс-спектрийн аргаар судалж тогтоов.Түлхүүр үг: шаврын уусмал, хүхэртустөрөгч, пелоидAbstract: We have studied general properties and chemical composition of peloid from “Nohoi unadag” lake of western Mongolia. Based on these studies we conclude that this peloid belongs to hydrogen sulfide muddy type according to the international classification. The content of macro and microelements in mud was 0.0001-20%.Mud solution was obtained by pressing method and investigated composition of solution by a wet chemical method. Yield of solution was 9.09 % / in natural mud /, pH 8.28, specific weight 1.03 g/sm3. For extract we have used hexane, chloroform, acetone, and mixture of ethanol; benzene (1:9). The investigated by chromato-mass-spectral method.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/pmas.v52i2.357 Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences Vol.52(2) 2012 p.28-34
ОРХОН ГОЛЫН УСНЫ ЧАНАРЫН СУДАЛГАА
Authors: Жавзан Ч.
Published: December 2014

Orkhon is the longest river in Mongolia and most of its big tributaries flow through urbanized and industrialized areas. This situation increases the risk of water pollution by domestic wastes. Furthermore, due to the centralized mining activities in the Orkhon river basin and its downstream tributaries, the water quality is tend to decrease. The result of the study shows there is a tendency of elevated level of heavy metal in the sediment in the particular part of the river. Elevated level of heavy metal in the sediment therefore can lead to degradation of river ecosystem, however water quality become relatively good at the effluent of the Selenge River by its self-purification ability. Therefore extended investigations are required and rehabilitation activities should be done.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/pmas.v52i2.358 Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences Vol.52(2) 2012 p.35-44
САМРЫН ЯСНЫ ПИРОЛИЗЫН СУДАЛГАА
Authors: Пүрэвсүрэн Б. , Даваажав Я. , Батбилэг С. , Ганзори Ч.
Published: December 2014

Манай орны Хангай, Хэнтийн уулын аглаг ойд ургадаг хуш модны самар нь хүнсний чухал бүтээгдэхүүн мөн хүнсний сайн чанарын тос гарган авч хэрэглэдэг. Хүмүүс жил бүр их хэмжээгээр түүж хүнсэнд хэрэглэхээс гадна нууцаар гадаад руу ихээр гаргадаг эх орны үнэт баялаг билээ. Хүмүүс самрыг ихээр цөмж ясыг нь тааралдсан газраа хаяж гудамж талбай, байгаль орчноо ихээр бохирдуулдаг.Сүүлийн жилүүдэд бидний судалгааны ажлын нэг үндсэн чиглэл болох органик түүхий эдүүдийн пиролизын судалгаа [1]-ны хүрээнд байгалийн үндсэн органик түүхий эд болох төрөл бүрийн нүүрс [2-6], занар [7-13], амьтны гаралтай цэвэр органик түүхий эд сүүний ээдэмцэр [14-23], зарим нэг хаягдал органик түүхий эдүүд болох малын яс [24-28], модны үртэс [28], нэг удаагийн хэрэглэсэн тариур[29]-ууд зэрэг түүхий эдүүдийн пиролизын туршилтуудыг хийж гарган авсан хатуу,шингэн ба хийн бүтээгдэхүүнүүдийн гарц хэмжээг тогтоож тэдгээрийн техникийн шинж чанар, химийн бүрэлдэхүүн ба хэрэглээний чиглэлийг тогтоох ажлуудыг үргэлжлүүлэн хийж байна.Иймд цөмөөд хаясан самрын яс нь органик хатуу хог хаягдал учраас түүнийг пиролзын болон хагас коксжуулалтын аргаар боловсруулж нүүрсжсэн хатуу бүтээгдэхүүн буюу хагас кокс, нефть төстэй шингэн давирхай ба шатдаг хий гарган авч болно гэж үзээд дээр дурьдсан судалгааны чиглэлд хамруулан судлахаар шийдвэрлэсэн юм. Хэрвээ хаягдал самрын ясыг ямар нэг аргаар цуглуулж чадвал энэ аргаар боловсруулж хэрэгтэй бүтээгдэхүүн болгон ашиглаж болно тухайлбал нүүрсжсэн хатуу үлдэгдэл нь нүх сүвэрхэг бүтэцтэй учир цаашид усны хэт халсан уураар нэмэлт боловсруулалт хийж нүх сүвэрхэг чанарыг нь нэмэгдүүлэн сайн чанарын шингээгч ба шүүгч материал болгон ашиглах бүрэн боложтойгоос гадна нэгэн төрлийн утаагүй шахмал түлш байдлаар ч ашиглаж болно.Самрын ясны пиролизоор үүссэн шингэн давирхай нь найрлагандаа олон янзын органик бодисуудыг агуулсан химийн үйлдвэрийн түүхий эд бөгөөд түүнээс шатахуун тослох материал ч гарган авах боломжтой ба хийг нь шатдаг хий болгон ашиглаж болно. Иймд самрын ясны пиролизын судалгааг хийж хатуу, шингэн ба хийн бүтээгдэхүүнүүдийн гарцыг нарийвчлан тогтоож нүүрсжсэн хатуу үлдэгдлийн нүх сүвэрхэг чанарыг судлах зорилтыг энэхүү ажлаараа давшүүлэн тавьж ажиллав.Түлхүүр үг самрын яс, идэвхжүүлсэн нүүрс, нүх сүвэрхэг бүтэц, давирхай, шатдаг хийINVESTIGATION ON PYROLYSIS OF WASTE OF CEDAR SHELLAbstract: The waste of cedar shell was the object of pyrolysis experiments. The technical characteristics of waste of cedar shell have been determined for first time and compared with technical characteristics of other organic raw materials such as coal, oil shall, casein, animal bone and plastic waste. Have been determined an optimal condition for pyrolysis of waste of cedar shell (heating temperature-500°C, heating rate-20°.C/min, time of pyrolysis-80 min.) and determined the yields of pyrolysis products including hard residue, tar, pyrolysis water and gases. The porosity structure of hard residue determined by the SEM analysis.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/pmas.v52i2.359 Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences Vol.52(2) 2012 p.45-52
СИБИРЬ ХУШ, СИБИРЬ ГАЦУУРЫН ТАРЬЦ УРГУУЛСАН СУДАЛГААНЫ ДҮН
Authors: Дашзэвэг Ц. , Амартүвшин С.
Published: December 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/pmas.v52i2.360 Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences Vol.52(2) 2012 p.53-61SOME RESULTS OF EXPERIMENT TO RAISE SEEDLING OF PINUS SIBIRICA MAYR. AND PICEA OBOVATA LDB.Abstract: In Mongolia, Picea obovata Ldb. grows along the river basin and stream line in mixture with main species of trees. The area of forest dominated by Picea obovata Ldb. is 31.92 thousand hectare in total, which equals to 0.3% of total forest of the country (excluding Saxsaul forest).Experiment to raise Picea obovata seedling has been conducted in forest-vegetational zone of Western Khentii, first time in Mongolia. Experiment found that the most suitable period Picea obovata seeds are between 25 May and 5 June. This paper also presents agro-technique of raising Picea obovata Ldb. seedlings, linear parameters of above and below ground parts of seedling and biomass.Distribution of Siberian Pine forests (Pinus sibirica, Mayr.), basic characteristics, types and present status of Siberian Pine forests of Mongolia are been given in detail. Research of raising seedlings of Siberian Pine was conducted in Tunkhel area of Mandal soum, Selenge aimag, 2003 onwards, and the agrotechnique of raising seedlings of Siberian Pine is been determined.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/pmas.v52i2.360 Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences Vol.52(2) 2012 p.53-61
Los nombres propios y su tratamiento en traducción
Authors: Cuéllar Lázaro Carmen
Published: December 2014

La présente étude vise à analyser les stratégies employées par différents traducteurs pour la traduction des noms propres dans les oeuvres littéraires. Sur la base de trois oeuvres de la littérature contemporaine en langue allemande, on analysera les traductions paires espagnoles de chaque traducteur, ce qui nous permettra, tout d’abord, de mettre en lumière les techniques utilisées dans la traduction des noms propres et leurs résultats, puis d’extrapoler à l’ensemble des trois doublets, pour voir s’il y a des aspects diachroniques qui distinguent les deuxièmes traductions (TM2) des premières traductions (TM1), c’est-à-dire s’il y a une relation entre la TM1 et TM2 analysées. L’analyse de la méthode employée par les six traducteurs est précédée d’une réflexion qui fournit des réponses à plusieurs questions liées aux propriétés idiosyncrasiques des noms propres et au traitement spécial en traduction.
Taking Control: Language Professionals and Their Perception of Control when Using Language Technologies
Authors: Marshman Elizabeth
Published: December 2014

Language technologies (for example, computer-aided and machine translation tools) are now well established in the language industry. Unfortunately, so are questions about their advantages and drawbacks. Many of these appear to be linked to language professionals’ control over their work and working environment. We surveyed these professionals to discover how they perceive language technologies’ effect on their control over the amount of work they do, the tasks they carry out and the methods they use, the quality of the product, the relationships with clients/employers, and their remuneration. The results reveal that most current users have positive opinions of technologies overall and generally feel that these tools increase their control over their work and working environment (and particularly the quantity and quality of the work). However, hesitations remain, in particular in regard to relationships with clients/employers and remuneration.
La relation de hiérarchie « chef » : une approche translingue français-anglais-allemand
Authors: Todirascu* Amalia , Grass* Thierry , Navlea* Mirabela , Longo* Laurence
Published: December 2014

La présente contribution fait état d’un projet de recherche dont l’objectif principal est de conceptualiser la relation chef (une relation de hiérarchie s’établissant à l’intérieur d’un groupe ou d’une organisation) du point de vue de la sémantique lexicale. Le deuxième objectif de ce travail est de définir un lexique trilingue (structuré par domaine) identifiant cette relation. Pour proposer une description complète de la relation chef, nous avons étudié d’un point de vue contrastif des données extraites de corpus monolingues et multilingues (parallèles et comparables) en français, en anglais et en allemand. Les noms propres de ces corpus ont été étiquetés, lemmatisés et annotés. Des patrons lexico-syntaxiques permettant une extraction automatique des expressions linguistiques de la relation chef ont été définis dans les trois langues.
L’agenda 21 local en tunisie : des tentatives de democratisation de la planification du developpement durable
Authors: Kahloun Hatem
Published: December 2014

À partir d’une approche transversale et comparée, et à travers l’étude de différentes expériences qui ont marqué le processus de réalisation des Agendas 21 locaux tunisiens durant la période 2000-2011, cette contribution tente de repositionner les projets réalisés dans les logiques des acteurs intervenant dans la fabrique des Agendas 21 locaux. Elle vise à dresser un bilan sur les différents projets qui seront replacés dans les thématiques croisées des initiatives participatives locales et du rôle des Agendas locaux dans la prospective territoriale. Cette question centrale sera repositionnée dans un contexte de révolution sociale et de crise de légitimité dont les effets ont frappé de plein fouet, à partir de 2011, les structures représentatives et décisionnelles des villes tunisiennes.
Les espaces équivoques : notion et perspectives
Authors: Joncas Christophe-Hubert
Published: December 2014

Au cours des dernières années, plusieurs pratiques culturelles et artistiques observées à Montréal remettent en question l’utilisation de la dichotomie classique d’espaces publics-privés. Pour pallier ce manque conceptuel, nous proposons, dans le cadre de cet article, de préciser la notion d’espaces équivoques. Par la présentation sommaire de cinq exemples de la région de Montréal, nous offrirons un aperçu des formes que peuvent prendre ces espaces. Puis, à partir d’une double étude de cas réalisée entre 2009 et 2011, nous démontrerons par quels processus le caractère équivoque de certains espaces émerge, s’accentue ou s’amenuise. Les résultats de cette recherche à caractère exploratoire permettront de fournir de nouveaux éclairages quant aux définitions d’espace public et privé et de soulever certaines pistes de réflexion quant aux relations qu’entretiennent les individus avec l’environnement urbain.
Une utopie artistique solaire urbaine des années 1960
Authors: Siret Daniel
Published: December 2014

Cet article présente la théorie hélioplastique de l’architecte polonais Mieczyslaw Twarowski publiée en 1962. À travers cette théorie, notre objectif est de mettre en évidence la double dimension historique et utopique des relations entre arts, environnement et ville : historique, parce que les propositions de Twarowski prennent sens dans le contexte de la modernité « radieuse »; utopique, parce qu’à travers ses expérimentations, Twarowski exprime sa croyance en un véritable enchantement solaire urbain. Par contraste, nous esquissons ce que pourrait être une esthétique urbaine contemporaine des flux solaires, susceptible de renouer avec les valeurs sensibles fondamentales de l’ensoleillement urbain.
Tipología de estudiantes en función de su satisfacción con los cursos de verano
Authors: Marzo Navarro Mercedes , Pedraja Iglesias Marta , Rivera Torres Pilar
Published: December 2014

Las universidades se enfrentan a retos y transformaciones, que han quedado reflejados en un incremento de la competencia. Estos cambios plantean oportunidades y, entre ellas, se encuentra la aparición y el crecimiento de grupos de profesionales que regresan a la Universidad para mejorar y actualizar sus conocimientos. En este contexto surge la importancia de los cursos de verano. Este trabajo trata de determinar la existencia de grupos de alumnos de los cursos de verano ofertados por una determinada universidad en función de sus percepciones sobre diversos aspectos del mismo y proceder a su caracterización a través de diversas variables. Los resultados permitirán a la institución analizada conocer con mayor profundidad el o los segmentos del mercado a los que debe dirigir su oferta educativa.
La entrevista cualitativa como técnica de la evaluación de la docencia universitaria
Authors: Mayorga Fernández Mª José
Published: December 2014

El presente artículo analiza el rol estratégico que juega el vector educativo en el alivio de la pobreza en el escenario actual. Para ello se articula en tres apartados: en primer lugar analiza cuáles son las acciones que surgen desde los organismos internacionales más significativos en la lucha contra la pobreza para pasar, en segundo, a revisar cuáles han sido, durante en la década de los años noventa, los discursos subyacentes a las reformas educativas, así como los tópicos emergentes de atención e interés dentro de las mismas. Finalmente, en la tercera parte, se plantea cuál es el estado de la cuestión que gira en torno a la pobreza en Latinoamérica y cómo está afectando a la educación, al recorte en gastos sociales, a la situación de un creciente subempleo, a la vez que el origen sociocultural y familiar supone un fuerte condicionante. A la vista de estos resultados, la conclusión aborda las propuestas educativas que reaccionan críticamente y se encaminan a una mayor sensibilización y concienciación sobre estos últimos problemas, coincidiendo con las directrices de evaluación de los planes de `Educación para Todos´.
SPSS versión 12.0
Authors: Revista RELIEVE
Published: December 2014

Revisión de programas informáticos
Identidad y competencias interculturales
Authors: Buendía Eisman Leonor , González González Daniel , Pozo Llorente Teresa , Sánchez Núñez Christian A.
Published: December 2014

Nos proponemos los siguientes objetivos: Identificar las circunstancias personales y familiares relacionadas con el proceso de integración social de los inmigrantes en Granada, conocer sus expectativas de promoción personal y social, así como identificar el desarrollo de competencias interculturales como base para la constante reconstrucción de la identidad. Tres han sido los colectivos de estudio: inmigrantes magrebíes, latinoamericanos y europeos del este. La metodología utilizada ha sido la entrevista y el cuestionario. En los resultados aportamos importante información para la caracterización de la inmigración en Granada y las competencias interculturales para una integración social y cultural de los mismos.
Revisión de modelos de evaluación del impacto de la formación en el ámbito sanitario: de lo general a lo específico
Authors: Biencinto Chantal , Carballo Rafael
Published: December 2014

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo hacer una revisión de los modelos de evaluación del impacto de la formación en ámbito sanitario. Esta revisión comenzará por los modelos más generales de evaluación para, a continuación, continuar con los modelos más utilizados en la evaluación del impacto de la formación en el ámbito sanitario.
Fuentes de información en investigación socioeducativa
Authors: Lorenzo Rodríguez Alfonso , Martínez Piñeiro Ana Belén , Martínez Piñeiro Esther
Published: December 2014

Este trabajo pretende ser una herramienta de consulta para investigadores y profesionales de la investigación social: una selección de fuentes de información útiles clasificadas en cuatro grupos: catálogos, bases de datos, buscadores y webs en internet, e instrumentos para la comunicación con otros profesionales. Incluye las direcciones electrónicas necesarias para la localización de las fuentes.
Aplicación de un programa psicoeducativo para fomentar la creatividad en la etapa de Educación Infantil
Authors: Franco Justo Clemente
Published: December 2014

En este trabajo, pretendemos comprobar de forma experimental la asunción teórica que plantea la posibilidad de fomentar el potencial creativo de acuerdo con las condiciones ambientales que el medio proporciona. Para ello, se diseñó un programa psicoeducativo basado en cuentos infantiles, con el fin de estimular la capacidad creativa en niños de Educación Infantil. Para la medición de la creatividad se utilizaron la Batería Gráfica y Verbal de Test de Pensamiento Creativo de Torrance. Tras la aplicación del programa, los resultados arrojaron un incremento significativo en los niveles de creatividad verbal en el grupo experimental respecto a los grupos control.
Estrés docente: elaboración de la escala ED-6 para su evaluación
Authors: Gutiérrez-Santander Pablo , Morán-Suárez Santiago , Sanz-Vázquez Inmaculada
Published: December 2014

El estrés docente es un tema de investigación que acapara un gran número de estudios. En el trabajo que aquí se presenta, se analizan las propiedades psicométricas de la escala ED-6, elaborada ad hoc para medir el estrés o malestar docente de cara a su utilización en un marco más amplio de investigaciones sobre este fenómeno. Como se podrá comprobar, los resultados muestran una fiabilidad y validez aceptable, quedando conformada por 77 ítems y 6 dimensiones: Ansiedad, Depresión, Presiones, Creencias, Desmotivación y Mal afrontamiento. Se espera que su uso en futuras investigaciones resulte de gran provecho.