bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UNDERSTANDING UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ EXPERIENCES OF ITALIAN LANGUAGE STUDY AT PRIMARY SCHOOL AND REASONS FOR DISCONTINUATION INTO SECONDARY STUDY IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Kavadias Korey , Amorati Riccardo , Hajek John
Published: July 2022

This study explores Australian university students’ experiences of Italian language study in primary school. It aims to understand the reasons why they may not continue with Italian in the transition to secondary education. The findings showed that while students enjoyed Italian language education overall at primary level, they were critical [1]about many aspects associated with their learning experience, particularly their teachers, and their own learning progress, which was hindered by limited contact hours and repetitive and insufficient content covered. However, these factors were not found to be salient in accounting for discontinuation into secondary school, which was instead caused mainly by the lack of provision of Italian at that level and, for some students, also by perceptions of scarce preparedness for secondary study and limited practical applicability of Italian. This study suggests that efforts should be made to ensure coordinated provision of Italian language study between primary and secondary, and that curricula should be reframed to include more contact hours and to reduce unnecessary repetition in content.

 

Capire le esperienze di studenti universitari nello studio della lingua italiana alla scuola primaria e le ragioni della sua interruzione nella scuola secondaria in Australia

Questo studio esplora le esperienze di studenti universitari australiani relative allo studio della lingua italiana nella scuola primaria. L’obiettivo è di comprendere i fattori che portano all’abbandono dell’italiano nel passaggio alla scuola secondaria. I risultati hanno mostrato che nonostante gli studenti abbiano apprezzato lo studio della lingua nella scuola primaria, sono stati critici su molti aspetti legati alla loro esperienza, in particolare i loro insegnanti, e i loro progressi di apprendimento, che sono stati ostacolati da ore di insegnamento limitate e da contenuti didattici ripetitivi e insufficienti. Tuttavia, questi fattori non sono risultati centrali per spiegare l’abbandono dell’italiano nella scuola secondaria, che è stato invece causato principalmente dalla mancanza di offerta della lingua a quel livello e, per alcuni studenti, anche dalla percezione di una scarsa preparazione allo studio secondario nonché di una limitata spendibilità dell’italiano. Questo studio suggerisce che è necessario assicurare un’offerta coordinata di studio della lingua italiana tra la scuola primaria e secondaria, e che i curricula scolastici dovrebbero essere modificati in modo da includere più ore di insegnamento della lingua e ridurre inutili ripetizioni contenutistiche.
ITALIANITÀ ALIMENTARE NELLA LINGUA E CULTURA TEDESCA: IL CONTRIBUTO DELLA GELATERIA ITALIANA IN GERMANIA
Authors: Campanale Laura
Published: July 2022

È innegabile il successo del Made in Italy alimentare in paesi come la Germania, uno tra i nostri maggiori importatori, in cui da anni si sono diffusi ovunque tipici locali italiani. Per i tedeschi la nostra cultura culinaria, simbolo di genuinità e convivialità, è talmente apprezzata da avere influenzato le loro abitudini alimentari. Diversi nostri prodotti come la pizza, la pasta, l’espresso fanno ormai parte del patrimonio alimentare e linguistico tedesco, senza dimenticare il gelato, di cui pochi ne conoscono storia e origini. Per tale motivo, tratteremo del successo e della diffusione delle gelaterie italiane in Germania, presentando, infine, una serie di italianismi relativi al mondo della gelateria, a dimostrazione della capacità innovativa ed espansiva della lingua italiana nel tedesco.

 

Italian food in German language and culture: the contribution of Italian gelato in Germany

The success of Made in Italy food in countries such as Germany, one of our major importers, is undeniable. For years, typical Italian restaurants have been spreading everywhere. For Germans, our culinary culture, a symbol of authenticity and conviviality, is so appreciated that it has influenced their eating habits. Many of our products such as pizza, pasta, espresso are now part of the German food and linguistic heritage, without forgetting ice cream, of which few know its history and origins. For this reason, we will deal with the success and diffusion of Italian ice cream parlors in Germany, presenting a series of Italianisms related to the world of gelato, demonstrating the innovative and expansive capacity of the Italian language in German.
UN’INDAGINE SULLA COMPRENSIONE DEL TESTO LETTERARIO: APPLICAZIONI, RISULTATI E PROSPETTIVE DI RICERCA
Authors: Bottone Alessio
Published: July 2022

Il contributo presenta le attività svolte sul testo letterario nell’ambito del progetto LeCo (2019-2021), dedicato al problema della comprensione della lettura negli studenti della scuola secondaria di secondo grado. Si illustrano le premesse teoriche, le applicazioni e alcuni risultati, in un quadro di ricerca che metta a frutto i rapporti tra educazione letteraria ed educazione linguistica. Per indagare sulle competenze degli studenti e provare a migliorarle, infatti, è necessario ripartire dal “valore d’uso” della letteratura, dalle sue specificità, ma anche dalla centralità della lingua.
 
A survey of literary text comprehension: applications, findings, and research perspectives
The paper outlines the activities carried out about the literary text within the LeCo project (2019-2021), dedicated to the problem of reading comprehension for secondary school students. The theoretical premises, applications, programs and some preliminary results are illustrated, within a research framework that enhances the relationships between literary education and language education. In order to study the students’ skills and try to improve them, in fact, it is necessary to start from the “use value” of literature and its specificities, but also from the central role of language.
CONSAPEVOLEZZE LINGUISTICHE E TESTUALI PER CAPIRE I TESTI LETTERARI
Authors: Lavinio Cristina
Published: July 2022

In questo contributo, si ricordano alcuni principi teorici utili ai docenti che vogliano gestire al meglio l’educazione letteraria nel suo intreccio con l’educazione linguistica. La specificità di lingua e testi letterari, specie in poesia, è fondata sullo sfruttamento consapevole di quella ambiguità linguistica che, al contrario, i linguaggi scientifici cercano di arginare al massimo. Tra i testi in prosa, si  considerano i testi narrativi nella loro complessità di tempi, punti di vista e voci, da insegnare a dipanare per facilitarne la comprensione e per far maturare nei ragazzi il gusto permanente per la lettura.
 
Linguistic and textual awareness in understanding literary texts
This paper recalls some theoretical principles useful for teachers who want to better manage literary education in its intertwining with language education. The specificity of literary texts, especially poetry, is based on the conscious exploitation of linguistic ambiguity. Scientific languages, on the other hand, try to eliminate this as much as possible. Finally, narrative texts are considered in terms of their complexity of times, points of view and voices. These aspects need to be explained to facilitate understanding and develop a lifelong taste for reading in students.
BUCHI TRA ORDITO E TRAMA? STRATEGIE DI COERENZA TRA TESTO, FRASE E LESSICO
Authors: Fioravanti Irene , Malagnini Francesca
Published: July 2022

Lo studio indaga la coerenza e la coesione in testi di scuola media e di scuola superiore. L’analisi si è concentrata sul piano della struttura del testo, su quello della pianificazione testuale e su quello lessicale, con un focus sulle unità fraseologiche. I risultati hanno mostrato che la coerenza è preservata nei testi di scuola media e di scuola superiore per quanto riguarda la struttura del testo e il lessico. Al contrario, la coesione del testo si dimostra debole, soprattutto nei testi di scuola media. L’analisi ha, poi, permesso un confronto con dati testuali L2, suggerendo interessanti analogie e differenze tra L1 e L2.
 
Gaps between warp and weft? Strategies for coherence between text, sentence, and vocabulary
The study focuses on two main properties of texts: coherence and cohesion. Texts written by secondary school and high school students were considered. Analyses mostly focused on the structure of the texts, the organization of the text’ units, the lexicon and the use of phraseological units. Results suggest that both secondary school and high school texts are coherent. However, cohesion was more challenging for students. Moreover, L1 text were compared with L2 texts, suggesting interesting similarities and differences between L1 and L2.
QUANTO MONDO C’È IN UN TESTO? REFERENTI, SOTTINTESI E STRATEGIE DI COMPRENSIONE
Authors: Calaresu Emilia
Published: July 2022

La tesi principale di questo lavoro è che per poter meglio affrontare la comprensione del testo è necessario prestare più attenzione al fenomeno della referenza. Occuparsi delle relazioni lingua-discorso-mondo significa entrare più direttamente nel merito di come il sistema di una certa lingua consente, attraverso il suo uso nel discorso parlato o scritto, di rappresentarci in modo reciprocamente comprensibile il mondo. Si tratta dei fondamentali su cui si basa l’intercomprensione e che, in condizioni normali, apprendiamo per primi da bambini. Dopo l’inquadramento teorico del fenomeno del riferimento e delle sue relazioni con gli impliciti, proporrò una lettura critica dei descrittori INVALSI relativi alle competenze di lettura e comprensione dei testi e discuterò la ratio di una serie di attività di tipo induttivo svolte con studenti universitari del primo anno, in cui la discussione dei referenti e degli impliciti in riferimento al mondo ha un ruolo centrale fin dall’inizio.
 
How much of the world is in a text? Referents, subtexts and comprehension strategies
The main thesis of this paper is that in order to better address text comprehension, more attention should be paid to the phenomenon of reference. Dealing with language-discourse-world relations means to directly investigate how the system of a natural language, through its use in spoken or written discourse, allows us to represent the world in a mutually comprehensible way. These are the fundamental ideas on which inter-comprehension is based and which, under normal conditions, we learn from childhood. After the theoretical framing of the phenomenon of referencing and its relation to implicitness, a critical reading of the INVALSI descriptors related to reading and text comprehension skills is proposed, followed by a discussion of the rationale for a series of bottom-up activities carried out with first-year university students, where the discussion of referents and inferential activities played a central role from the beginning.
Foreword 125-3 - Proceedings of the 8th International Brachiopod Congress
Authors: Angiolini Lucia , Crippa Gaia , Garbelli Claudio , Posenato Renato
Published: July 2022

The 8 th International Brachiopod Congress took place in the prestigious venue of the University of Milano, Italy, in September 2018, after the previous edition held in Nanjing, China, in 2015. 150 participants from universities and research institutes from all over the world attended the meeting, from Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, and United States of America.
Il patrimonio culturale immateriale
Authors: D’Alessandro Chiara A.
Published: July 2022

RiassuntoLa tutela giuridica del patrimonio culturale immateriale è il risultato di un lungo e complesso percorso che è culminato nella Convenzione UNESCO del 2003 sulla tutela del patrimonio culturale immateriale, ed è tuttora in fieri in molti ordinamenti. A questo percorso non è estraneo il ruolo e il contributo culturale dell'antropologia culturale e in particolare di uno dei suoi più eminenti esponenti, Claude Lévi Strauss, che negli anni ha mantenuto un lungo e proficuo rapporto con l'UNESCO
Valerio Onida, i senza fissa dimora e la vita del diritto
Authors: Quiroz Vitale Marco A.
Published: July 2022

RiassuntoScritto in ricordo di Valerio Onida (1936-2022), ex alunno del Liceo classico Carducci di Milano, Professore di diritto costituzionale nell’Università di Milano e Presidente emerito della Corte Costituzionale italiana, affronta il problema dei senza fissa dimora. Si rende noto in questo contributo un profilo importante, ma poco noto, dell’attività di Valerio Onida come giureconsulto. Nel giugno del 1993 egli si occupò dell’effettività dei diritti dei soggetti posti al margine estremo della società italiana: i senza tetto. In questo saggio, oltre a offrire un tributo all’alta figura dell’uomo e del giurista, si svelano gli effetti dirompenti e dilunga durata che un parere pro vertiate di Onida ha avuto nel nostro ordinamento e gli intrecci umani le relazioni, l’impegno civile e sociale e gli studi socio-giuridici che ne sono alla base
Afghanistan: la guerra delle donne, custodi di dignità e speranza
Authors: Cella Cristiana
Published: July 2022

Departing from the direct testimonies gathered in Afghanistan during over 20 years of fieldwork, the paper offers an overview of Afghan women's resistance, especially following the experience of the RAWA association, in their fight against all the oppressive regimes that have featured Afghanistan's history, from the resistance against the Red Army, to that against the United State’s and NATO invasion, to the restored Taliban regime. The paper, also, focuses on the struggles of the Afghan democratic resistance in the years of the Soviet occupation, which the A. personally witnessed in 1980.
I ruoli dell’Occidente: muri, ponti e carri armati
Authors: Gagliardo Gabriella
Published: July 2022

Afghanistan’s destiny has never appeared to western public opinion so tragically connected to its past experiences as it is today.

The collapse of the Afghan regime that safeguarded Western interests has laid bare its various roles: multiplier of dependence, war factory, impunity guarantor, impassable border. But the West doesn’t consist only of institutions and governments: the civil society plays its own role, raises contradictions, and creates opportunities for exchange.
Combattenti, antagonisti, compagni di viaggio. Osservazioni sui gruppi anonimi di giovani nell’epos omerico
Authors: Castelli Carla
Published: July 2022

Il contributo raccoglie esempi e considerazioni sulla funzione letteraria dei gruppi anonimi di giovani nell’epos omerico. Rispetto all’Iliade, nell’Odissea tali gruppi, in particolare i Pretendenti, hanno una voce collettiva meglio definita proprio in quanto giovani, come risulta dall’uso formulare, e il loro fondamentale ruolo narrativo è strettamente connesso all’età.
Lo scudo di Artemidora. Genere e formazione nell’“Amor di Marfisa” di Danese Cataneo
Authors: Artico Tancredi
Published: July 2022

Concentrandosi sul poema epico-cavalleresco Amor di Marfisa (1562) di Danese Cataneo, il presente articolo mira a sottolineare gli aspetti della ricezione e dell’aggiornamento del modello ariostesco per quello che riguarda la questione di genere e la formazione dell’eroina. Cataneo recupera selettivamente l’eredità ariostesca, raccogliendo dal capolavoro gli spunti narrativi e tematici utili alla definizione di un canone della “virtù donnesca” e integrandoli con il repertorio della classicità, in particolare con il mito di Lucrezia. Marfisa e il personaggio di nuovo conio di Artemidora, regina d’Islanda e nuova Bradamante, sono due eroine in formazione, destinate a rappresentare – una volta compiuto il loro percorso – i gradi più alti della virtù femminile: la regina-vergine e la regina-sposata.
Az EU intézményrendszer és működés XXI. századi sajátosságai magyar közjogi nézőpontból
Authors: Torma András , Ritó Evelin
Published: July 2022

Az Európai Unió a világtörténelemben példa nélküli, európai államok közötti együttműködést valósított és valósít meg, amely a nemzeti szuverenitás részben történt átruházása miatt több, mint egy tradícionális nemzetközi szervezetben történő együttműködés, de kevesebb, mint amely egy klasszikus szövetségi államban érvényesül. Az Európai Unió megszületését eredményező Maastrichti Szerződés 1992-ben történt megkötése után három alkalommal történt meg az integráció szerződéses elmélyítése, amelyek közül az utolsó, a 2007-ben megkötött Lisszaboni Szerződés jelentősége emelkedik ki. A tanulmányban – tíz tézisben összesűrítve – azt vizsgáljuk, hogy a XXI. században mi jellemzi közjogi szempontból ezt az európai nemzetállamok között megvalósuló, de nemzetállami szint fölötti, különleges együttműködést, amelyet mi „Európai CITDöVKE” névvel illetünk.
Közigazgatási szankcionálás veszélyhelyzetben
Authors: Árva Zsuzsanna
Published: July 2022

A tanulmány azt vizsgálja, hogy a közigazgatási szankciórendszert miképpen befolyásolta a COVID-19 által okozott járványügyi veszélyhelyzet. A vizsgálat kiindulási pontját az képezi, hogy a közigazgatási szankciórendszer az utóbbi években erőteljesen átalakult, amely egyrészt az objektív és szubjektív szankciók közötti átrendeződésben érhető tetten, másrészt abban, hogy a 2021. január 1-jén hatályba lépett Szankciós törvény alapján a szabálysértések – de iure – már nem minősülnek közigazgatási szankcióknak. Ezzel párhuzamosan a szabálysértések 2012-től a büntetőjog felé tolódtak és az eljárások száma az utóbbi években kis mértékben, de folyamatosan csökkent. A járványügyi veszélyhelyzet ezen tendenciákat is érintette, azokat mintegy megtörte és visszafordította, hiszen a jogalkotó a hatékonyabb jogérvényesítés érdekében elsősorban a szabálysértési jogalkalmazást vette igénybe a járványügyi szabályok érvényesítéséhez és csak kisebb részben az objektív szankciókat. A tanulmány ezen folyamatok elemeit és elméleti hátterét mutatja be.
A közigazgatási jogérvényesítés egyes szervezeti és működési kérdéseiről Magyarországon 1990-től napjainkig
Authors: Balázs István
Published: July 2022

A tanulmány vizsgálatának középpontjában az áll, hogy az elmúlt évtizedek közigazgatási szervezeti változásai milyen hatással voltak a közigazgatási jog érvényesülésére. A centralizációs, koncentrációs és integrációs tendenciák vajon erősítették-e a közigazgatási jogérvényesítés feltételeit és hogyan hatottak a hatósági eljárásra és annak jogvédelmi rendszerére? Fontos szempont annak vizsgálata is, hogy az ügyfelek a változások következtében kedvezőbb helyzetbe kerültek vagy sem?
Quo vadis, felügyeleti ellenőrzés?
Authors: Barta Attila
Published: July 2022

A felügyeleti ellenőrzés lényege abban ragadható meg, hogy ennek keretében a felügyeleti szerv információkat gyűjt az ellenőrzött tevékenységéről. Egy ilyen tevékenységnek tárgyköreit képezheti többek között a létszámgazdálkodás, a fegyelmi helyzet, a jogalkalmazással összefüggő kérdések, az ügyiratkezelés rendje, vagy a szerv vezetésének módszerei. Az 1970-es évek végére megjelent az igény egy egységes ellenőrzési, felügyeleti rendszer létrehozására, ami az 50/1977. (XII. 21.) Mt. sz. rendelet formájában öltött testet. A rendszerváltás nyomán sor került az állami (felügyeleti) ellenőrzés szocialista rendszerének hatályon kívül helyezésére, ami a megváltozott körülmények miatt érthető volt ugyan, azonban ezzel a központi közigazgatás elveszítette egyik legfontosabb információs bázisát. A felügyeleti ellenőrzés új viszonyok közötti átfogó jogi szabályozása mind a mai napig nem történt meg. A jogtudományban voltak erre nézve javaslatok, azonban a gyakorlatra kifejtett hatásuk részleges maradt, a jogalkotási produktumok inkább csak részkérdéseket oldottak meg, semmint átfogó tételesjogi válaszokkal szolgáltak volna [pl. 86/2019. (IV. 23.) Korm. rendelet]. Véleményem szerint pl.: garanciális megfontolásokra, hatékonysági szempontokra tekintettel a meglevő közigazgatási jogi megoldások helyett/mellett fontos volna egy általános felügyeleti-ellenőrzési szabályrendszer kimunkálása.
A műemlékvédelem válaszai az új kihívásokra
Authors: Szabó Annamária Eszter
Published: July 2022

A jelenleg nyilvántartott műemléki védettség alatt álló állomány egy része magántulajdonban, másik része állami tulajdonban van, míg a magántulajdonban álló emlékek esetében az állam szabályozó, vagyis jogalkotói és jogalkalmazói szerepben jelenik meg, addig az állami tulajdonban, kezelésben álló emlékek esetében természetesen a tulajdonosi kötelezettségeket is magán viseli. Így adódik a műemléki védettség kapcsán a kérdés: hogyan lehet, illetve szükséges-e gazdasági szempontokat is figyelembe véve a „konzerválás” céljától elmozdulva úgy kezelni ezeket, hogy valamennyi gazdasági „hasznot” is hozzanak az államnak. Az írás átfogóan vizsgálja azokat a folyamatokat, amelyek az utóbbi évtizedben érintették a műemlékvédelmi jogot. Meggyőződésem, hogy egy jogintézményre nemcsak a jogtudomány, de egyéb társadalomtudományok, illetve társadalmi folyamatok is hatást gyakorolnak, amelyeket vizsgálni érdemes. A lefolytatott vizsgálat nem egyoldalú, vagyis nemcsak a jogtudomány szemszögéből vizsgálja a kérdést, hanem említi azokat a társadalmi, gazdasági folyamatokat, amelyek újabb és újabb kihívásokat fogalmaztak meg, majd számba veszi a jog válaszait ezekre. Éppen ezért az írás kitér a műemlékvédelem berkein belül érvényesülő alkotmányossági kívánalmakra, különös hangsúllyal a védettség elrendelésével végződő eljárás jellegzetességeire, és azon belül a jogorvoslathoz való jog érvényesülésére.
California students in foster care: Challenges and promising practices
Authors: Burns Dion , Espinoza Danny , Adams Julie , Ondrasek Naomi
Published: July 2022

A study of education data for 2018–19 examined the school conditions and education outcomes for students in foster care in California; the organizational, logistical, and data challenges to providing coordinated support; and promising practices for future supports.
Kontaktoptische Rehabilitation eines Auges mittels Sklerallinse nach einer Schwefelsäureverletzung
Authors: Maxam Annika
Published: July 2022

Purpose. The case report describes the optical rehabilitation of one eye by scleral lens fitting after a sulfuric acid related occupational accident. Material and Methods. Based on the corneal topography determined by Pentacam and other slit-lamp examinations relevant for contact lens fitting, a custom-made scleral lens was fitted on the basis of diagnostic contact lenses. The fit assessment of the diagnostic contact lens was performed by interpreting the fluorescein image as well as the centration behavior of the lens. Results. With the help of the fitted scleral lens a sufficient visual acuity of 20/25 in the right eye with a stereopsis in connection with a good subjective and objective acceptance could be achieved. This was associated with a professional reintegration. Conclusion. In many cases of complex ocular injuries, con- tact lens fitting with scleral lenses is the means of choice for optical rehabilitation of the affected eye. The fitting of scleral lenses requires an experienced practitioner both in the evaluation of the issues relevant for the contact lens design and in the evaluation of the anterior segment of the eye and here in particular the cornea. Keywords acid burn, corneal erosion, irregular cornea, mini scleral lens, scleral lens, sulfuric acid
Die Bedeutung des Randprofiles bei der Anpassung weicher Kontaktlinsen: ein Update
Authors: Hartwig Andreas , Tamm Mirko
Published: July 2022

Purpose. The edge design of soft contact lenses is often overseen during contact lens fitting or during follow­up visits. Material and Methods. By means of illustrations of different edge profiles and a review of the literature on this topic, the attention of contact lens practitioner should be drawn to edge design of contact lenses. Results. Contact lenses have different edge profiles, which can have an influence on comfort and fitting. If necessary,the edge profile can be observed by the contact lens fitter using various methods. Conclusion. Consideration of the edge design can be par­ ticularly helpful for contact lens fittings that do not lead to the desired success. Keywords soft contact lenses, contact lens edge design, contact lens discomfort, conjunctiva
Klinischer Vergleich eines neu entwickelten Prototyps zur Messung der Hornhautsensibilität zum aktuellen Goldstandard
Authors: Bracher Tobias , Nosch Daniela , Joos Roland
Published: July 2022

Purpose. The aim of the study was to test a newly developed prototype for corneal sensitivity measurement (liquid jet (LJ) with saline as stimulus) for repeatability and correlation with the Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer (CB). This is an excerpt of a master thesis, which was part of a larger study Material and Methods. Corneal sensitivity thresholds (CST) were determined for 30 subjects, in a clinical trial with 30 subjects, with each device on two separate dates (with inter- vals of at least one day and a maximum of fourteen days). In addition, the pain sensitivity questionnaire (PSQ) was applied to determine any possible correlation with corneal sensitivity. Results. Similar standard deviations of the CSTs for LJ and CB were obtained (LJ (M ± SD): 24.3 ± 2.0 dB; CB (M ± SD): 20.0 ± 2.0 dB). No statistically significant difference in CST was found between the two visits for LJ (mean differen- ce: -0.063 dB, p = 0.78), however there was a statistically significant difference for CB (mean difference: -0.641 dB, p = 0.003). LJ CSTs correlated moderately positively with CB CSTs and PSQ (LJ-CB: r = 0.476, p < 0.001; LJ-PSQ: r = 0.437, p < 0.001). Conclusion. LJ offers a significantly larger stimulus bandwidth than CB. Better reproducibility was observed for LJ, while correlation between the results for the two instruments was good. Significant moderate positive correlation was found between LJ CSTs and general pain sensitivity. Keywords esthesiometry, Cochet-Bonnet, Liquid Jet, prototype, PSQ
Der Einfluss von blaulicht­reduzierenden Brillengläsern auf die Farbwahrnehmung
Authors: Hübner Mareike , von Handorff Christoph
Published: July 2022

Purpose. To investigate the influence of two different blue- light-filtering lenses on subjective colour perception, using the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue test. Material and Methods. Thirty subjects with normal colour vision performed the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue test wearing three pairs of plano spectacle lenses. The total er- ror score was calculated with the “Farnsworth-Munsell Test Scoring Software“. The evaluated test lenses were the “Glacier Blue Shield“ (Shamir) and the “Wellness Protect 15“ (Eschen- bach) in addition to the 15 % grey tint (Hoya) as a reference lens. The transmission spectra of the lenses were measured beforehand with the spectrometer “Flame-S-UV-VIS-ES“ (“Ocean Optics“). Results. Using the univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures, no significant difference could be detected in the colour discrimination capability between the reference lens from Hoya and the test lens from Sha- mir (p > 0.05). A significant deterioration was found with the “Wellness Protect 15“ lens from Eschenbach compared to the reference lens from Hoya (p < 0.001) and to the test lens from Shamir (p < 0.001). In addition, a median disparity of the third box (43 – 63 of the Hue test) against all the other boxes was noticed for both the test lenses and the reference lens. Conclusion. With the blue-light-filtering anti-reflection coating from Shamir no difference in colour discrimination could be observed in this study. Only a stronger blue-light- filtering lens like “Wellness Protect 15“ leads to a significant deterioration. The closer the colours are in the CIE colour triangle, the bigger the confusion. To test the quality of colours with these lenses the colour rendering index should also be evaluated. Keywords Blue-light-filtering lenses, Colour discrimination, Colour perception, Colour Rendering Index, Transmission
Einfluss der Akkommodation auf die Aderhautdicke: eine Pilotstudie
Authors: Reeß Lukas , Dietze Holger
Published: July 2022

Purpose. The aim of this study is to characterise the changes in choroidal thickness during and after a prolonged accom­ modation period using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Subjects and Methods. This study used 24 test subjects (age 28.2 ± 2.6 years), with n = 18 assigned to the moderate myopic group (MSE: ­2.6 ± 1.76 D) and n = 6 to the emmetropic group (MSE: ­0.07 ± 0.24 D). The test subjects underwent an accommodation relaxation phase (ten minutes), an accom­ modation phase (twenty minutes of continuous accommoda­ tion), and another relaxation phase (ten minutes). Seven OCT scans (Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) were taken along a horizontal axis on each eye at five­minute intervals. For each tomogram, the subfoveal, temporal and nasal choroidal thick­ ness was determined manually at three measurement points (2 mm apart) using a measurement tool. To trigger the process of accommodation, a mobile phone was attached to the side of the OCT device and the display was projected into the measurement beam path of the OCT via a semi­transparent mirror (demand of accommodation = 5.0 D). Results. During accommodation, the choroidal thickness decreased significantly by an average of ­8.06 ± 7.33 µm in the subfoveal region, ­4.00 ± 11.00 µm in the nasal region, and ­5.29 ± 12.52 µm in the temporal region (each with p < 0.01). Furthermore, emmetropic eyes showed a significantly strong­ er decrease in the subfoveal region (­13.08 ± 8.58 µm) than myopic eyes (­6.39 ± 6.06 µm). In the ten minutes following the accommodation phase, the choroid returned to its initial thickness, showing no significant difference (p = 0.80) in the degree of recovery between myopic and emmetropic eyes. Conclusion. The study shows that the process of accommo­ dation is associated with a decrease in choroidal thickness. The results further suggest that accommodation in myopic eyes entails a smaller decrease in choroidal thickness than in emmetropic eyes. The apparatus design developed spe­ cifically for this study to project a smartphone display into the measurement beam path of the OCT device is suitable for stimulating accommodation over a longer period while performing repeated OCT scans. Keywords myopia, accommodation, choroidal thickness
Nicht arterielle anteriore ischämische Optikusneuropathie
Authors: Mihelčič Matjaž
Published: July 2022

Purpose. The case report describes the clinical approach to a patient with optic neuropathy in an optometric practice by simple yet valid methods which can be used auxiliary to standard procedures. Material and Methods. Funduscopy was performed via Volk 90D lens and slitlamp. Functional tests, such as visual acuity, pupil reactions, visual field assessment, colour vision, red saturation test, Pulfrich phenomenon and pupil cycle time test, were employed for their differential diagnosis value. Results. The visual acuity and central colour vision were nor- mal; the other tests revealed abnormal state of the patient‘s right eye or visual pathway. Ophthalmoscopy revealed a disc oedema in one half of the optic nerve head. After urgent referral with tentative diagnosis of optic neuropathy of un- known aetiology, a diagnosis of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION) was made at the eye hospital. Conclusion. In patients with sudden onset of monocular visual disturbances where no obvious lesions in visual axis are found various types of optic neuropathies are a frequent finding. Some of these conditions include systemic diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, and some can be associated to life threatening diseases, such as giant cell arteritis. Keywords optic neuropathy, ischemic optic neuropathy, functional vision testing, visual field, giant cell arteritis
A Comparative Evaluation of The Role of Fiqh in Islamic Finance
Authors: ÇALIŞKAN Muhammed Beşir
Published: July 2022

After the glorious empires in the past, Muslim societies could not continue the same development in the modern period. It is a common understanding that Muslims cannot follow economic developments and that these developments are prevented due to their social structure. Fiqh has been addressed as one of the reasons for this situation, even the most important one, in economic thought. Fiqh, which has a structure that directly affects the lives of Muslims due to its position in Islamic geography, has a role that prevents the emergence of modern capitalism. It becomes a subject of criticism because it prevented the transformations brought by capitalism in Muslim societies and could not transform itself. It is argued that the legal institution in the Western world has gone through the necessary transformations and strengthened the foundations of the emerging economic system, but Fiqh could not achieve the same situation. Considering this issue in terms of institutional economics, the first thing to do is examine Fiqh's role in societies where it is applied. Fiqh is a branch of science that has the ability to change its judgment with the change of time in the face of problems that arise with an issue-oriented attitude. The problems faced by different nations in different regions have been resolved. Thus, in terms of institutional economics, it could not be possible to declare Fiqh unsuccessful by measuring it with the criteria applied to Western societies. On the other hand, it has been argued in Islamic economic studies that the flexibility of Fiqh leads to practices that cannot be morally approved. It does not seem appropriate to evaluate Fiqh independently from morality because of its normative nature, it also includes moral elements. The ulama dealing with the science of Fiqh did not make such a distinction. Today's practices also explain this situation. As a result, although not as much as before, Fiqh continues to play an essential role in Islamic societies as a vital institution.
Examining the Differences Between Perceptions, Religiosity Levels and Halal Food Purchasing Intentions of X, Y and Z Generation Consumers Towards Halal Foods
Authors: YILMAZ Mustafa Kemal , ALBAYRAK İsmail Can
Published: July 2022

Bu çalışma, Samsun ve Köln’de yaşayan X, Y ve Z kuşağı tüketicilerinin helâl gıdalara yönelik algılarını, dindarlık düzeylerini ve helâl gıdaya yönelik satın alma niyetleri arasındaki farklılıkların incelenmesine yönelik bir çalışmadır. Çalışmada ilk olarak helal ve haram ile ilgili kavramlara değinilmektedir. Bununla birlikte Dünya’da helal gıda pazarı ve helal sertifikalama ile ilgili bilgiler yer almaktadır. Ayrıca çalışmada kuşak kavramlarıyla ilgili açıklamalar ve X, Y ve Z kuşağının tanımı ile bu kuşakların tipik tüketim davranışlarına yer verilmektedir. Çalışmanın ikinci kısmında Samsun ve Köln’de yaşayan X, Y ve Z kuşağı tüketicilerinin helal gıdaya yönelik tutumları, dindarlık düzeyleri, algılanan davranış kontrolleri, öznel normları, helal farkındalıkları ve helal gıdaya yönelik satın alma niyetleri arasında herhangi bir farklılık olup olmadığı incelenmektedir. Samsun ve Köln arasında kuşaklar bazında yapılan farklılık analizleri sonucunda Samsun’daki X, Y ve Z kuşağının dindarlık, algılanan davranış kontrolü, öznel normlar ve helâl gıdaya yönelik satın alma niyeti bakımından Köln’deki X, Y ve Z kuşağından farklılaştığı tespit edilmiştir. Helal farkındalık bakımından her iki şehrin Y ve Z kuşakları farklılık gösterirken X kuşağı arasında farklılık bulunamamıştır. Helâl gıdaya yönelik tutumlar incelendiğinde ise Samsun’daki X ve Y kuşağı ile Köln’deki X ve Y kuşağı farklılık gösterirken Z kuşağı bakımından farklılık bulunamamıştır.
A Critical Review of the Thresholds of Sharia Screening for Stocks
Authors: AKARTEPE Batuhan Buğra
Published: July 2022

Capital markets represent the second main application area of Islamic finance after the banking sector. The most important instrument traded in these markets is stocks. The character of companies is important on the legitimacy (shariah compliance) of investing in stocks. The fact that the companies with a completely Shariah compliant structure are few in number brings about investing in mixed companies that carry out Shariah non-compliant activities even though their main activity is legitimate. Depending on this necessity, companies are allowed to carry out financial activities that do not comply with Shariah principles to a certain extent. In this context, thresholds are used within the scope of Shariah screening to determine the level of non-compliant elements to Shariah in the company. There are two different approaches to determining thresholds; the minority-majority-centered approach and the necessity-centered approach. The first approach uses Shar'i evidence showing the less or more borderline when setting thresholds for all analysis of Shariah screening. The necessity-centered approach, on the other hand, focuses on determining the amount of necessity based on market data. Both methods contain methodological problems in the threshold determination processes. This study aims to reveal the problems of both methods and to propose the sectoral necessity-centered method as an alternative.
Naturaleza y COVID-19: la pandemia, el medio ambiente y el camino a seguir
Authors: McNeely Jeffrey A.
Published: July 2022

La pandemia de la COVID-19 ha traído profundos desafíos sociales, políticos, económicos y ambientales al mundo. El virus puede haber surgido de reservorios de vida silvestre vinculados a la perturbación ambiental, se transmitió a los humanos a través del comercio de vida silvestre y su propagación fue facilitada por la globalización económica. La pandemia llegó en un momento en que los incendios forestales, las altas temperaturas, las inundaciones y las tormentas, amplificaron el sufrimiento humano. Estos desafíos requieren una respuesta poderosa al COVID-19 que aborde el desarrollo social y económico, el cambio climático y la biodiversidad en conjunto, ofreciendo una oportunidad para generar un cambio transformador en la estructura y el funcionamiento de la economía global. Esta biodefensa puede incluir un enfoque de "Una sola salud" en todos los sectores relevantes; un enfoque más ecológico de la agricultura que minimice las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero y conduzca a dietas más saludables; formas sostenibles de energía; acuerdos ambientales internacionales más efectivos; desarrollo post-COVID que sea equitativo y sostenible; y comercio internacional compatible con la naturaleza. El restaurar y mejorar las áreas protegidas como parte de la dedicación del 50 % de la tierra del planeta a una gestión ambientalmente racional que conserve la biodiversidad también apoyaría la adaptación al cambio climático y limitaría el contacto humano con patógenos zoonóticos. Los vínculos esenciales entre la salud y el bienestar humanos, la biodiversidad y el cambio climático podrían inspirar a una nueva generación de innovadores a brindar soluciones ecológicas que permitan a los humanos vivir en un equilibrio saludable con la naturaleza, lo que conducirá a un futuro resiliente a largo plazo.
Histopathological analysis of Colossoma macropomum liver, treated with bioproducts used by controlling parasites
Authors: Feitosa Heidiane Nascimento , Saturnino Klaus Casaro , Dirceu Pazdiora Raul , Ziemniczak Henrique Momo , Paiva Medeiros Simone , Caetano Nunes Pazdiora Bruna Rafaela
Published: July 2022

Possible histological changes in the liver of Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1816 (tambaqui) generated by the use of products incorporated into the diet as a control method of Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae Golvan, 1956 were evaluated. 1036 juveniles tambaqui with 77±3.0g of average weight were used, maintained in 28 polyethylene tanks of 1000L, with constant aeration and water recirculation system, using UV filter. The experimental units (30 fish per experimental unit) were distributed into four treatments, with seven replicates. The products, incorporated in fish oil, were added to the feed, according to the treatments: control group with commercial feed (Nutrizon Karino 36% GW) (A); extract of garlic (B); organic acids (C) and extract of garlic + organic acids (D). A parasitic and histopathological evaluation was performed at time zero (T0). During the experiment, two samples were collected, with an interval of five weeks, evaluating 15 fish per experimental unit. At the end, 63 liver samples for histological analysis were collected. The evaluated animals presented the expected growth for the species. 87.2% of efficacy was obtained with the association extract of garlic + organic acids. Hepatic morphological lesions compatible with toxicological processes were not observed, indicating a low toxicity for tested concentrations.
Cumbre de Sistemas Alimentarios de la ONU 2021: Desmantelando la democracia y restableciendo el control corporativo de los sistemas alimentarios
Authors: Canfield Matthew , Anderson Molly D , McMichael Philip
Published: July 2022

Este artículo analiza el desarrollo y la organización de la Cumbre de Sistemas Alimentarios de las Naciones Unidas (UNFSS), que está siendo convocada por el Secretario General de la ONU, António Guterres, a finales de 2021. Aunque pocas personas discutirán que los sistemas alimentarios globales necesitan transformación, ha quedado claro que la Cumbre es, en cambio, un esfuerzo de una poderosa alianza de corporaciones multinacionales, organizaciones filantrópicas y países orientados a la exportación para subvertir las instituciones multilaterales de gobernanza alimentaria y capturar la narrativa global de la “transformación de los sistemas alimentarios”. Este artículo sitúa la próxima Cumbre en el contexto de cumbres mundiales sobre la alimentación anteriores y analiza las preocupaciones expresadas por muchos miembros de la sociedad civil. Explica cómo la estructura y las formas actuales de reclutamiento de participantes y compromiso público carecen de transparencia y rendición de cuentas básicas, no logran abordar conflictos de intereses significativos e ignorar los derechos humanos. A medida que la pandemia de COVID-19 ilumina las vulnerabilidades estructurales del modelo neoliberal de los sistemas alimentarios y las consecuencias del cambio climático para la producción de alimentos, ahora más que nunca se necesita un compromiso de alto nivel con los sistemas alimentarios equitativos y sostenibles. Sin embargo, los autores sugieren que el UNFSS, en cambio, parece seguir una trayectoria en la que los esfuerzos para gobernar los sistemas alimentarios globales en el interés público han sido subvertidos para mantener el colonialismo y formas corporativas de control.
Identificación microscópica de un presunto protozoo Urbanorum spp. en zona rural del Departamento de Bolívar, Colombia
Authors: Donado Rangel Karen Lorena , Ramírez Cruz Jonathan Camilo , de Vivero Tovio María Mónica , Alvarado González Juan Carlos , Acevedo Caballero Nathalie
Published: July 2022

Desde su descripción inicial en los años noventa, una estructura denominada Urbanorum spp, ha generado controversias en la comunidad científica con respecto a su condición biológica. Por sus características morfológicas observadas bajo microscopia óptica, algunos bioanalistas lo han considerado un organismo protozoario. Sin embargo, no se cuenta con el respaldo científico suficiente para considerar a esta estructura un ser vivo y, aún más, para ser clasificado taxonómicamente como un parásito. En esta reflexión, se reportan por primera vez dos casos sobre la detección en heces de una estructura compatible con Urbanorum spp. en zona rural del departamento de Bolívar, Colombia. Adicionalmente, se analiza la prevalencia de hallazgos similares en países de América del Sur y se resalta la importancia de la aplicación futura de técnicas moleculares y genéticas para el estudio de estos casos.
La ecología de los parásitos zoonóticos en Carnivora
Authors: Han Barbara A , Castellanos Adrián A , Schmidt John Paul , Fischhoff Ilya R. , Drake John M.
Published: July 2022

El orden Carnivora incluye más de 300 especies que varían en tamaño en muchos órdenes de magnitud y habitan en todos los biomas principales, desde las selvas tropicales hasta los mares polares. La gran diversidad de parásitos carnívoros representa una fuente de posibles enfermedades emergentes en humanos. El riesgo zoonótico de este grupo puede deberse en parte, a una diversidad funcional excepcionalmente alta de las especies hospedantes en cuanto a características conductuales, fisiológicas y ecológicas. Revisamos los patrones macroecológicos globales de los parásitos zoonóticos dentro de los carnívoros y exploramos las características de las especies que sirven como anfitriones de los parásitos zoonóticos. Sintetizamos la investigación teórica y empírica y sugerimos trabajos futuros sobre el papel de los carnívoros como multiplicadores bióticos, reguladores y centinelas de enfermedades zoonóticas como fronteras de investigación oportunas.
Improving the Grade 9 Students’ Engagement in Online Synchronous Classes in English Through Interactive Games
Authors: Cristobal Jay-ar , Hermano Charmaine , Ibana Jamela Bianca , James Mabie Gail , Ligot Ma. Luisa , Lampitoc Desiree
Published: July 2022

This classroom-based action research aimed to improve the Grade 9 students’ level of engagement in online synchronous classes in English through games. The participants of the study were the 39 Grade 9 students who were officially enrolled at the Mariano Marcos State University – Laboratory High School, Batac Campus, for the School Year 2021-2022. The data on students’ level of engagement were gathered using the survey questionnaire patterned after the Student Engagement Survey by Singh and Srivastava (2014). Frequency, percentage distribution, means and mean difference were used to treat the data. Findings reveal that the Grade 9 have varied levels of engagement before and after the application of the intervention. Likewise, there is a significant change on the students’ pre-survey and post-survey scores. Moreover, this study found that the use of games such as Four Pics One Word and Deal or No Deal was effective in improving the students’ level of engagement in their online synchronous classes in English.
Development and Validation of a Reading Comprehension Scale
Authors: Velasco Sarah B , Villanueva Jasmin S
Published: July 2022

This study developed and validated a scale that measures the reading comprehension of the Filipino learners. This study attempted to address the need for a reliable, valid screening tool suited for Filipino learners, with a high level of feasibility that can be used in the classroom to identify what reading comprehension type a student belongs to by developing a validated scale of reading comprehension for junior high school learners in the local context. The Reading Comprehension Scale, a 13-item instrument that was based on four themes (applied, interpretive, affective and lexical reading comprehension) was designed and crafted. The design used in this research was a mixed-method approach wherein 15 students participated in the interview for the item-generation who answered questions based on the Meta-Comprehension Strategy Index of Schmitt (1990). A sample of 476 students participated in the administration of the initial instrument. Cronbach Alpha, as a test of its reliability, was used to indicate the degree of internal consistency of the items and content validity to test the appropriateness of the generated statements. Results showed that the Cronbach alpha ranged from 0.569-0.639 which is considered good reliability. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin and Bartlett’s Test were used to examine the appropriateness of factor analysis. The approximate of Chi-square is 1408.237 with 465 degrees of freedom, which is highly significant with a p-value of 0.000 at 0.01 level of significance. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy is 0.734 which is greater than 0.5, therefore the Factor Analysis was valid. Based on the statistical values, the scale developed is valid and reliable.