bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is the peripapillary area completely healthy in Stargardt disease?
Authors: Tuncel Ece , Çıtırık Mehmet , Yılmaz Mevlüt
Published: November 2024

Aims: To evaluate the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness measured using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in patients with Stargardt disease (STGD).
Methods: This was a single-center cross-sectional case-control study. Twenty eyes with STGD were staged according to Fishman STGD classification. Peripapillary RNFL thickness was measured using Heidelberg Spectralis SD-OCT. The mean pRNFL thickness of the four quadrants (temporal, superior, nasal, and inferior) and all quadrants were compared with the mean pRNFL thickness from 20 eyes of age-matched healthy subjects.
Results: The mean age of Stargardt patients was 40.9 years (range, 18–59 years) and that of the control group was 40.6 years (range, 19–59 years). Twenty eyes (70%) had thinner pRNFL thickness in the temporal quadrant (mean: -7.55 µm, 95%CI -3 to -12 µm, 10% thinner than the control group), whereas in the nasal quadrant, 13 of 20 eyes (65%) had thicker pRNFL (mean: 6.85 µm, 95%CI, 1–13 µm; 9% thicker compared to the control group). There was no statistically significant difference in the thickness of the superior and inferior quadrants and the global pRNFL compared to the control group.
Conclusion: STGD is considered pathognomonic for the preservation of the peripapillary retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and is mainly characterized by RPE and photoreceptor cell loss in the macula. STGD was associated with thinning of the temporal quadrant, corresponding to the macular area in the pRNFL analysis. It is not yet known whether the RNFL loss is due to transneuronal degeneration or direct damage to ganglion cells resulting from degeneration of the outer retinal layers.
Clinical presentation, diagnosis, complications and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Bilgin Gülden
Published: November 2024

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a disorder characterized by recurrent obstruction of the upper airway during sleep. The most common nocturnal symptom is snoring, and the most common daytime symptom is excessive sleepiness. OSAS causes serious morbidity and mortality due to its cardiovascular, social and neuropsychological consequences. Early diagnosis and treatment are needed at all ages.
An obstructive retrosternal thyroid mass mimicking asthma
Authors: Güngör Büşra , Çelik Deniz , Yurttaş Ahmet , Akkuş Ezgi , Yetkin Özkan , Lakadamyalı Hüseyin
Published: November 2024

The term retrosternal/intrathoracic goiter was first defined by Haller in 1749. It is usually located in the anterior mediastinum. When it reaches large sizes, it can cause various pressure symptoms. Respiratory distress may occur due to tracheal compression, difficulty swallowing due to esophageal compression, and venous fullness findings may occur as a result of pressure on vascular structures. Although rare, it can be life-threatening; It may also cause respiratory failure, which may develop as a result of sudden growth that may occur secondary to intrathyroidal hemorrhage or cystic degeneration. In this case, we aimed to present a patient who experienced respiratory distress due to a thyroid mass extending retrosternally and causing tracheal compression, and whose complaints did not go away despite optimum asthma treatment.
Manual de normalização de trabalhos acadêmicos do IFPI
Authors: Sousa Aldeíde Costa dos Santos , Virginio Andreína Alves de Sousa , Costa Aurilene Araújo da , Aquino Denise de Paula Veras , Mesquita Denizete Lima de , Coelho Cínthia Rachel Alves Rodrigues , Sena Jesselina Soares de , Dias Neuda Fernandes , Costa Maria Rosismar Farias , Melo Sindya Santos , Moutinho Sonia Oliveira Matos , Sales Tanize Maria , Sousa Vilmara Alves e , Silva Anna Kelly Moreira da , Silva Leia Soares da , Bezerra Plínia de Carvalho
Published: November 2024

Manual de trabalhos acadêmicos do IFPI apresenta de forma clara as normas e diretrizes para formulação de trabalhos acadêmico no âmbito do IFPI.
The Nature of Gender Mainstreaming Policies in Nakuru and Narok Counties, Kenya
Authors: Onamu Beatrice Akoth , Matanga Frank Khachina , Odhiambo Elijah Onyango Standslause
Published: November 2024

This study examines the implementation of gender mainstreaming policies at various levels of public administration in Nakuru and Narok Counties, Kenya. It explores the integration of global conceptions, national policymaking, local self-governance, and feminist ideology in achieving gender equality. The research addresses the debate on the capacity of local versus national governments to implement gender equality initiatives. Feminist Theory guided this research. Using a comparative evaluative study design, the study investigates why these policies have not effectively increased women’s political participation. The target population comprised of elected leaders, civil society and the general public of Nakuru and Narok Counties. Stratified random sampling was employed to derive a sample of 335 respondents comprising of 92 elected leaders, 22 civil society members and 221 members of the general public. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions, involving key informants and community members. Quantitative data was analyzed through descriptive statistics while qualitative data from interviews and focus group discussions was analyzed through content analysis. Findings revealed that there was no good familiarity with gender mainstreaming by 135(40.3%). Most of those unfamiliar with gender mainstreaming were from Narok, 68 (50.7%) followed by Nakuru 67(33.3%). Similarly, research showed that a significant portion of respondents in both counties agreed to their awareness of equality and equity, with 32.8% (66) in Nakuru and 28.4% (38) in Narok. This suggests that many people in both Counties recognize the importance of these concepts. The study concludes that the government has significantly shaped these policies, which have advanced gender equality in various ways. However, challenges remain, requiring a comprehensive approach that includes legal reforms, cultural shifts, and targeted support programs. The research recommended that promoting gender-friendly political cultures, challenging patriarchal norms, and providing support and training are essential for empowering women to take on leadership roles and contribute to the political process. This holistic approach is crucial for achieving gender parity in politics and ensuring women’s voices are heard in decision-making.
Implications of Macroeconomic Performance on Foreign Direct Investment: A Comparative Study between Emerging and Frontier Economies
Authors: Abaa Daniel Mensah , Ahiakpor Ferdinand , Adama Adam Sorekuong Yakubu , Frimpong Emmanuel
Published: November 2024

This paper examines and compares the implications of macroeconomic performance on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) among thirteen rapidly growing individual-specific Frontier Sub-Saharan African (FSSA) and emerging CIVETS (Colombia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Egypt, Turkey and South Africa) countries by deploying the Bootstrap ARDL framework. Using data from the World Development Indicators spanning 1995 to 2019, empirical results indicate that macroeconomic variables namely Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and exchange rate exert varying experiences on FDI, with a higher degree of impact in the FSSA than the CIVETS region. Specifically, GDP is positively related to FDI inflow in Botswana, Cote d’Ivoire, Kenya, Mauritius and Senegal for FSSA. Nonetheless, a weak association was experienced in the CIVETS region, as only Vietnam and Turkey were significant. Additionally, exchange rate reported similar level of disparity as the weakening of host country currency draws high volumes of FDI in Botswana, Ghana, Cote d’Ivoire and Kenya in the short-run for FSSA but only Colombia for the CIVETS region. Nevertheless, the impact of inflation seems to matter in both regions. The study strongly indicates that GDP and exchange rate trigger higher volumes of FDI in FSSA countries than the CIVETS, while the impact of inflation is similar in both regions. This asserts that FSSA countries should implement fiscal and monetary policies to stimulate economic growth and stabilize their economies to spur more FDI, while the CIVETS region should consider other macroeconomic factors to stimulate inward FDI.
The Role of Play-Based Methods to Improve Students’ English Language Skills in Secondary Schools in Gasabo District, Rwanda
Authors: Ntibanyurwa Sosthene , Barungi Celestin , Nyirahabineza Pascasie , Ndayisaba Viateur , Irankunda Aime , Gaetan Birori
Published: November 2024

In some Rwandan schools, play-based methods are being used to improve students’ English language skills. In G. S. Gikumba, language teachers have started using play-based methods to improve students' English language skills. The current study entitled “The role of play-based methods to improve students’ English language skills in secondary schools in Gasabo District, Rwanda” was chosen in this context. The socio-cultural theory of play-based methods was used to guide this study. A descriptive research design was used with a sample of 8 English teachers from G. S. Gikumba. Data was collected using questionnaires. Targeted population was 8 English teachers from G. S. Gikumba. Purposive sampling was employed in this study. Descriptive analyses indicate that 100% of the respondents have a positive attitude towards play-based methods. The findings show that English teachers use play-based methods in teaching English, which helps to improve students' English language skills. The results of the study confirm the teachers' positive attitude towards play-based methods to improve students' English language skills. According to the research, the Rwanda Education Board should train English teachers and continue to update the existing English teachers on new strategies of using play-based methods to improve students’ English language skills.
VALIDITAS DAN PRAKTIKALITAS MODUL BENTUK MOLEKUL BERBASIS PROJECT BASED LEARNING TERINTEGRASI AUGMENTED REALITY UNTUK FASE F SMA
Authors: MARCHELINA SALSABILLA , YERIMADESI YERIMADESI
Published: November 2024

Understanding molecular shapes can be challenging due to their abstract material and requires teaching approaches that can communicate the molecule's three-dimensional form. This study aims to improve the student experience by designing a Project-Based Learning (PjBL) module that was combined with Augmented Reality (AR) for SMA phase F. In order to provide valid and practical results, the research method is Research and Development (R&D) using a four-D (4D) development model. The validity test was carried out by three FMIPA UNP chemistry lecturers and two SMAN 10 Padang chemistry teachers. The practicality test was done by two chemistry teachers and 31 SMAN 10 Padang phase F students. The instruments used were validity and practicality questionnaires. The Aikens' V formula was used to evaluate the validity test, and the percentage of product practicality accomplishment scores was used to assess the practicality test. Based on the research results, the average Aiken V value was 0.897 with a valid category, while the practicality by teachers and students obtained values ??of 90% and 96% respectively with a very practical category. The study's results show that an AR-integrated PjBL-based molecular shape module for SMA F phase is both valid and practical.
ABSTRAKBentuk molekul termasuk dalam kategori sulit karena konten materi yang abstrak dan memerlukan penggambaran bentuk tiga dimensi molekul. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan modul Project Based Learning (PjBL) yang terintegrasi dengan Augmented Reality (AR) untuk Fase F SMA. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Research and Development (R&D) dengan model pengembangan four-D (4D) hingga memperoleh hasil yang valid dan praktis. Uji validitas dilakukan oleh tiga orang dosen kimia FMIPA UNP dan dua orang guru kimia SMAN 10 Padang. Uji praktikalitas dilakukan oleh dua orang guru kimia dan 31 orang siswa fase F SMAN 10 Padang. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa angket validitas dan praktikalitas. Uji validitas dianalisis menggunakan formula Aikens'V dan uji praktikalitas dianalisis menggunakan persentase skor capaian kepraktisan produk. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai rata-rata Aikens'V sebesar 0,897 dengan kategori valid dan nilai praktikalitas oleh guru dan siswa sebesar 90% dan 96% dengan kategori sangat praktis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modul PjBL terintegrasi dengan AR untuk fase F SMA valid dan praktis.
VALIDITAS DAN PRAKTIKALITAS MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN E-KOMIK INTERAKTIF MATERI HIDROKARBON UNTUK FASE E SMK
Authors: FADILLAH MARSHANDA , YERIMADESI YERIMADESI
Published: November 2024

This study is a development research project focused on creating an interactive e-comic learning media for hydrocarbon materials aimed at Phase E of vocational high school students. The purpose of this research is to determine the validity and practicality of the developed interactive e-comic learning media. The development model used is the 4D model, which consists of four steps: Define, Design, Development, and Disseminate. This study is limited to the Development stage, specifically the validity and practicality tests. The research was conducted at SMTI Padang. The validity test involved three chemistry lecturers from FMIPA UNP and three chemistry teachers from SMTI Padang. The practicality test involved two chemistry teachers and nine Phase E students. The instruments used were validity and practicality questionnaires. Validity testing was analyzed using the Aiken's V formula, and practicality testing was measured by calculating the percentage of product practicality achievement scores. The analysis results indicated (1) an average Aiken's V score of 0.87, categorized as valid, and (2) practicality scores of 99% and 93% from teachers and students, respectively. The research findings show that the interactive e-comic learning media for hydrocarbon materials for Phase E vocational high school students is valid and practical, making it suitable for further effectiveness testing.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan media pembelajaran e-komik interaktif materi hidrokarbon untuk fase E SMK. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui tingkat validitas dan praktikalitas terhadap media pembelajaran e-komik interaktif yang dikembangkan. Model pengembangan yang digunakan yaitu model 4D. Model pengembangan ini terdiri dari empat langkah diantaranya Define, Design, Development, Disseminate. Penelitian ini dibatasi sampai tahap Development pada uji validitas dan praktikalitas. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMTI Padang. Subjek penelitian pada uji validitas melibatkan tiga orang dosen kimia FMIPA UNP dan tiga orang guru kimia SMTI Padang. Uji praktikalitas melibatkan dua orang guru kimia dan sembilan orang peserta didik fase E. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa angket validitas dan praktikalitas. Uji validitas dianalisis dengan formula Aikens’V dan uji praktikalitas menggunakan presentase skor capaian praktikalitas produk. Hasil analisis penelitian diperoleh hasil (1) rata-rata Aikens’V sebesar 0,87 dengan kategori valid. (2) nilai praktikalitas oleh guru dan peserta didik sebesar 99% dan 93%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran e-komik interaktif materi hidrokarbon untuk fase E SMK sudah valid dan praktis, sehingga dapat dilanjutkan ke tahap berikutnya untuk uji efektivitas.
PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAR KERJA PESERTA DIDIK TERMOKIMIA BERBASIS PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TERINTEGRASI ETNOSAINS PADA FASE F SMA
Authors: RIZKY AULIA , ANDROMEDA ANDROMEDA
Published: November 2024

Education in Indonesia is now transforming with the independent curriculum, which emphasizes student-based, contextual, and problem-solving-oriented learning in chemistry learning, especially thermochemistry material, the application of Problem Based Learning (PBL) integrated with ethnoscience is very relevant to connect the concept of energy in chemical reactions with local practices. The type of research used is educational design research (EDR) with the Plomp development model, this research is limited only to the practicality test stage, without continuing to the assessment stage. The Thermochemistry LKPD based on PBL integrated with Ethnoscience for Phase F of SMA/MA that was developed showed validation results with a V value of 0.92, which is included in the valid category. The practicality test of this LKPD received a very positive response, with assessments from teachers and students indicating that the LKPD was very practical. Based on these two assessments, an average percentage of practicality was obtained which showed that this LKPD was very practical to use in learning.
ABSTRAKPendidikan di Indonesia kini bertransformasi dengan kurikulum merdeka, yang menekankan pembelajaran berbasis peserta didik, kontekstual, dan berorientasi pemecahan masalah dalam pembelajaran kimia, terutama materi termokimia, penerapan Problem Based Learning (PBL) terintegrasi etnosains sangat relevan untuk menghubungkan konsep energi dalam reaksi kimia dengan praktik lokal. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah educational design research (EDR) dengan model pengembangan Plomp, penelitian ini dibatasi hanya sampai tahap uji praktikalitas, tanpa melanjutkan ke tahap penilaian. LKPD Termokimia berbasis PBL terintegrasi Etnosains untuk Fase F SMA/MA yang dikembangkan menunjukkan hasil validasi dengan nilai V sebesar 0,92, yang termasuk dalam kategori valid. Uji praktikalitas LKPD ini memperoleh respons sangat positif, dengan penilaian dari guru dan peserta didik yang menunjukkan bahwa LKPD tersebut sangat praktis. Berdasarkan kedua penilaian tersebut, diperoleh rata-rata persentase praktikalitas yang menunjukkan bahwa LKPD ini sangat praktis digunakan dalam pembelajaran.
IMPLEMENTASI PROJEK PENGUATAN PROFIL PELAJAR PANCASILA (P5) DI SMP N 1 WELERI
Authors: SETIYANTI WITA , HERFIYANTI NASYROHAH , NURKOLIS NURKOLIS
Published: November 2024

This research aims to determine the implementation of the Strengthening Pancasila Student Profile (P5) Project activities at SMP N 1 Weleri and its impact on students. The qualitative method with a descriptive approach is the method used. Data was collected through interviews with 2 teachers teaching classes IIV VIII and IX who had implemented the independent curriculum in learning and 5 students in classes IIV VIII and IX as participants in P5 activities. In implementing the independent curriculum, students create or implement projects. Implementation of P5 activities is one of the independent curriculum project activities. The activities carried out at SMP N 1 Weleri with the theme Bhinneka Tunggal Ika "Genesis Revives the Language of the Archipelago" resulted in P5 activity projects in the form of 1) writing Javanese script 2) macapat songs 3) musicalizing poetry 4) three-language drama. These four activities were contested.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi kegiatan Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila (P5) di SMP N 1 Weleri dan dampaknya kepada peserta didik. Metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif merupakan metode yang digunakan. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara terhadap 10 orang guru pengajar kelas IIV, VIII dan IX yang telah menerapkan kurikulum merdeka dalam pembelajaran dan 25 peserta didik kelas IIV, VIII dan IX sebagai peserta kegiatan P5. Dalam penerapan kurikulum merdeka, peserta didik membuat atau mengimplementasikan projek. Pelaksanaan kegiatan P5 merupakan salah satu kegiatan projek kurikulum merdeka. Kegiatan yang dilaksanakan di SMP N 1 Weleri bertema Bhinneka Tunggal Ika “Genesis Bangkitkan Bahasa Nusantara” menghasilkan projek kegiatan P5 berupa 1) menulis aksara jawa 2) tembang macapat 3) musikalisasi puisi 4) drama tiga bahasa empat kegiatan tersebut di selebrasikan dan dilombakan.
MANAJEMEN KESISWAAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF ALQUR’AN DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA DI SEKOLAH
Authors: MU’IZZUDDIN MOCHAMAD , IDRIS AHMAD , NURHAYATI NENG
Published: November 2024

Student management is a crucial aspect of education, focusing on the management of human resources and the development of students' character. From the perspective of the Qur'an, student management is not only viewed from an administrative standpoint but also from moral and spiritual aspects. This concept emphasizes the values of justice, honesty, and responsibility as outlined in Islamic teachings. The Qur'an stresses the importance of education as a means to shape individuals of high quality, both academically and morally. Effective student management in this context should involve developing students' potential, providing a positive learning environment, and implementing teaching methods that align with Islamic principles. By combining modern managerial approaches with the values of the Qur'an, it is hoped that the educational process can produce a generation that is not only intellectually intelligent but also possesses high moral integrity. This research aims to explore the concept of student management from the Qur'anic perspective and its implications for educational practices in Islamic educational institutions.
ABSTRAKManajemen kesiswaan merupakan aspek penting dalam dunia pendidikan, yang berfokus pada pengelolaan sumber daya manusia dan pengembangan karakter siswa. Dalam perspektif Al-Qur'an, manajemen kesiswaan tidak hanya dilihat dari segi administratif, tetapi juga dari aspek moral dan spiritual. Konsep ini mengedepankan nilai-nilai keadilan, kejujuran, dan tanggung jawab yang tertuang dalam ajaran Islam. Al-Qur'an menekankan pentingnya pendidikan sebagai sarana untuk membentuk pribadi yang berkualitas, baik secara akademis maupun akhlak. Pengelolaan kesiswaan yang efektif dalam konteks ini harus melibatkan pengembangan potensi siswa, penyediaan lingkungan belajar yang positif, serta penerapan metode pengajaran yang sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip Islam. Dengan memadukan pendekatan manajerial modern dan nilai-nilai Al-Qur'an, diharapkan proses pendidikan dapat menghasilkan generasi yang tidak hanya cerdas secara intelektual, tetapi juga memiliki integritas moral yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali konsep manajemen kesiswaan dalam perspektif Al-Qur'an dan implikasinya bagi praktik pendidikan di lembaga-lembaga pendidikan Islam.
A TIPIFICAÇÃO PENAL DA VIOLÊNCIA OBSTÉTRICA: LIMITES E POSSIBILIDADES PARA A PROTEÇÃO JURÍDICA DA MULHER NO BRASIL
Authors: Oliveira Julia Silveira de , Novais Thyara Gonçalves
Published: November 2024

Este trabalho tem por escopo compreender a necessidade e os desafios da tipificação penal da violência obstétrica no Brasil, analisando os limites e as possibilidades para garantir uma proteção jurídica mais eficaz às mulheres. A ausência de uma legislação específica para violência obstétrica no Código Penal brasileiro dificulta a responsabilização dos profissionais de saúde e a defesa dos direitos das vítimas, que muitas vezes sofre com intervenções médicas abusivas, negligentes ou desrespeitosas durante o ciclo gravídico-puerperal. Atualmente, esses casos são enquadrados em figuras penais genéricas, como lesão corporal, crimes contra a honra, abuso de autoridade e sendo mais grave como homicídio, ou que não contemplam a especificidade da violência obstétrica e impedem uma resposta judicial adequada. O estudo propõe que uma legislação própria poderia não apenas facilitar a comprovação do delito e a responsabilização dos envolvidos, mas também promover práticas de atendimento mais humanizadas. Conclui-se que a tipificação penal específica para a violência obstétrica é um passo necessário para a proteção dos direitos reprodutivos e humanos das mulheres e a promoção de um cuidado respeitoso e ético no sistema de saúde brasileiro.
STUDI LITERATUR: KEBERHASILAN REKRUTMEN INTERNAL (ROTASI) PADA PEGAWAI TETAP DALAM PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Aprilinda Sabrina  , Sri Vina Agustina  , Selma Jasmine Lubuk  , Shanty Komalasari
Published: November 2024

The effectiveness of recruitment and selection is a measure of a company's success which lies in its quality if the availability of a number of human resources is sufficiently qualified and professional to support it. Internal recruitment, especially interesting limitations open new insights with a variety of experiences and solutions. To avoid these unpleasant internal recruiting deficiencies, it is recommended to equip employees with development programs that allow them to be up to date with changes in the external environment. Employee rotation is one of the internal recruitment which is to reduce employee boredom, increase employee motivation in the form of new work variations, create a fresh feeling at work, increase skills and more experience for staff employees, so if an employee is absent, it is the employee's job may be replaced by another employee. By holding employee rotation, employees can improve competence according to their expertise, because of course it can affect an employee's work productivity.
PERAN EMOTIONAL EXHAUSTION DALAM HUBUNGAN ANTARA JOB INSECURITY DAN WORK ATTITUDE: STUDI PADA SALESPERSON OTOMOTIF
Authors: Ratih Indriyani  , Andrew Gunawan  , Sesilya Kempa
Published: November 2024

Salesperson has an important role in the company continuity. Work attitude is one thing that supports the performance of salesperson as the spearhead of the company's marketing. This study was conducted with the aim of understanding the effect of job insecurity on work attitude with the mediation emotional exhaustion. The method used is quantitative, with 106 respondents. The population in this study was automotive sales in Surabaya. This study used a purposive sampling technique. The sample criteria were automotive sales who worked in Surabaya industry for at least 1 year. The results of the study showed that job insecurity did not have a significant effect on work attitude. Job insecurity has a positive effect on emotional exhaustion of automotive sales in Surabaya, while emotional exhaustion has a negative effect on the work attitude of automotive sales in Surabaya. Also, Job insecurity has a negative effect on work attitude through emotional exhaustion of automotive sales in Surabaya.
Identification of multiple co-located hydrometeor types in Doppler spectra from scanning polarimetric cloud radar observations
Authors: Hajipour Majid , Seifert Patric , Griesche Hannes , Ohneiser Kevin , Radenz Martin
Published: November 2024

Abstract. To date, there remains a noticeable gap in reliable techniques for retrieving the shape and orientation of ice particles from observational data. This paper introduces a method using ground-based polarimetric cloud radar to retrieve the shape and orientation of multiple hydrometeor types within deep mixed-phase clouds. Building on the strong performance of an existing method, which is effective in retrieving the shape and orientation of pristine ice particles in stratiform clouds, we extended this technique by analyzing the entire Doppler spectrum. The previously developed main-peak approach focuses on the maximum of the Doppler spectrum to retrieve the shape and orientation of the dominant hydrometeor types within stratiform clouds. In the extended technique, referred to as the spectrally resolved technique, the full Doppler spectrum is analyzed by dividing it into five parts, ultimately allowing the retrieval of five distinct hydrometeor types. In this study, we employed the technique for Range-Height Indicator (RHI) scans (ranging from 30° to 90° elevation) utilizing polarimetric Ka-band cloud radar observations of differential reflectivity (ZDR) and correlation coefficient (RHV) across the entire Doppler spectrum. The potential of the improved approach is presented by means of two case studies. The first case demonstrates the effectiveness of the spectrally resolved approach and in the second case secondary ice production is investigated. These findings contribute to a profound understanding of hydrometeor characteristics, shedding light on dynamic cloud processes, especially in the context of precipitation and ice particle formation.
Benchmarking historical performance and future projections from a global hydrologic model with a basin-scale model
Authors: Shrestha Rajesh R. , Cannon Alex J. , Hoffman Sydney , Whibley Marie , Lima Aranildo
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Global hydrologic models (GHMs) are increasingly relied upon for assessing climate-driven hydrologic changes from watershed to global scales. However, their ability to provide robust projections for a range of hydrologic variables remains unclear. Here, we evaluate the historical performance and future projections from the Community Water Model (CWatM) GHM against the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) watershed hydrologic model for the Liard River basin in subarctic Canada. We drive both models with an ensemble of eight global climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6, downscaled and bias-corrected with a multivariate method. We analyze a range of hydrologic projections at 1.5 to 4.0 °C global warming levels (GWLs) above the preindustrial period. The historical performance benchmarking shows reasonable goodness-of-fit metrics for both models, with a slightly better performance for VIC. Projected hydrologic responses from CWatM are generally consistent with VIC in terms of annual water balance, and monthly snow water equivalent and flow changes, suggesting the robustness of the projections. Both models project coherent hydrologic changes, including progressively higher annual evapotranspiration; increased annual, winter, spring and maximum flows; increased frequency of extreme flow; and earlier timing of maximum flow, with higher GWLs. However, the magnitudes of maximum flow and late summer flow diverge between the two models, which can be explained by structural uncertainties associated with the representation of frozen soil and groundwater processes. Thus, our study provides insights into the robustness of hydrologic projections from a GHM, and offers a basis for model improvements.
Complex interplay of forcings drives Indian vegetation and summer monsoon variability during MIS 11
Authors: Oliveira Dulce , Desprat Stéphanie , Yin Qiuzhen , Zorzi Coralie , Wu Zhipeng , Anupama Krishnamurthy , Prasad Srinivasan , Alonso-García Montserrat , Martinez Philippe
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11 has long been considered a unique Quaternary interglacial due to its orbital similarities with the Holocene, persistence of high atmospheric CO₂ concentrations and extended duration triggering unusual polar ice-sheet loss. Despite its importance, Indian summer monsoon (ISM) variability within the core monsoon zone (CMZ), as well as its impacts on vulnerable tropical forests, remain unexplored. Here, we document, for the first time, MIS 11 ISM-driven vegetation changes and their underlying forcings by combining pollen analysis from IODP Site U1446, strategically retrieved from the Bay of Bengal to represent the CMZ, with model simulations. Our results reveal the distinct roles of insolation, CO₂, ice volume, and millennial-scale variability in driving coupled ISM-vegetation changes, depending on the changing boundary conditions through MIS 11. Orbital- and millennial-scale tropical forest changes mirror southern European vegetation and atmospheric methane variability, ultimately reflecting shifts in the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) that impact the tropical regions, a primary source of CH₄ emissions. Our proxy and model reconstructions show that ISM-vegetation changes during MIS 11c closely followed boreal summer insolation, revealing its dominant role under warm background conditions with high CO₂ and reduced ice volume. Conversely, during MIS 11b-a, ISM-vegetation decreased while insolation remained high, indicating that its influence was overshadowed by expanding ice sheets, lower CO₂, and the interaction of orbital and millennial-scale variations. Millennial-scale climate variability during the younger MIS 11b-a substages is expressed by prominent forest contractions tied to southward ITCZ shifts, Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) reductions and high-latitude ice sheet dynamics, which were rapidly followed by abrupt forest expansions associated with northward ITCZ shifts, AMOC strengthening and CH₄ overshoots. Conspicuously, the first and most severe forest setback interrupted MIS 11 full interglacial conditions, suggesting that extreme ISM weakening could also occur under similarly warm future conditions. Our findings provide new insights into ISM behavior during MIS 11, highlighting its high sensitivity to climate changes in the context of projected ISM intensification and its effect on the extent and composition of the tropical forest, which is key component of both global carbon and methane cycles.
Using Gene Transfer Technology to Restore the Salivary Gland Function in Xerostomia Patients following Radiation Therapy of Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Hassan Sabah
Published: November 2024

Many diseases can be treated by gene therapy using a modified virus to carry the corrected required gene to infect the target cells. The goal of this report is presenting the planning for gene therapy for patients suffering from head and neck cancer to alleviate their loss of saliva function.
Evaluation of the Accuracy of Different Apex Locaters with 45° Apical Root Resorption
Authors: I Al-Jobory Ahmed , Mohammed Ayad Taha  , Jabbar Atyiah Mohammed
Published: November 2024

Aim: This study was aimed to calculate the working length (WL) of permanent teeth with simulated 45° resorption of the apical part of the root using four electric apex locaters (EALs): NSK, Woodpecker III, Woodpecker V, and Eighteeth.
Methods: Twenty maxillary anterior single-rooted teeth were removed. Following tooth preparation to offer access to the root canal and replicate the 45° apical root resorption, each tooth underwent a microscope-assisted working length determination process. The four apex locaters measured each individual tooth and calculated electronic working lengths.
Results: No discernible change existed between all four apex locater devices.
Conclusion: NSK, Woodpecker III, Woodpecker V, and Eighteeth provide virtually the same measurement for 45 apical root resorption in single rooted teeth.
A Community-Based Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Hepatitis B among Residents in a Coastal Village of Southern India
Authors: Chellamuthu Lalithambigai , Dhakshnamurthy Senkadhirdasan , Balamurugan Vinodhini , Kanagalingam Sindu
Published: November 2024

Introduction: The National Viral Hepatitis Control Program launched by the Government of India aims to end viral hepatitis by the year 2030. The main key objective of the programme is to enhance community awareness about the virus, the disease and the preventive measures for tackling the burden of hepatitis. Lack of knowledge and awareness regarding the disease, its modes of spread and the available preventive strategies would seriously limit in achieving the goal of reduction in burden and elimination of HBV. Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice on epidemiology of Hepatitis B among residents in a coastal village of Puducherry, Southern India. Method: A community-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted for three months among 796 adults aged ≥18 years residing in a coastal village which was one of the rural field practice areas of a private medical college in Puducherry. Multi-stage sampling technique was followed. A pre-validated, semi-structured questionnaire incorporated in Epicollect 5 software was utilized to capture the data through face-to-face interviews. The data analysis was performed using SPSS, v24.0. Results: About 66.3% of participants had heard of Hepatitis with 55.9% specifically aware of Hepatitis B as a viral disease. More than half (59.3%) believed they could contract Hepatitis B. About three-fourth (73.1%) had not undergone screening for Hepatitis B, and 67.1% had not received the Hepatitis B vaccination. Age, gender and socio-economic status of the respondents were associated with knowledge attitude and practice on Hepatitis B among participants which was found to be statistically significant (p-value < 0.0001). Conclusion: The findings from the study showed that more than two third of participants had heard of Hepatitis. More than half of the respondents believed they could contract Hepatitis B. Nearly two-third respondents had not received Hepatitis B vaccination.
МОДЕЛИ ОЦЕНКИ ОСТАТОЧНЫХ НАПРЯЖЕНИЙ И ГЕРМЕТИЧНОСТИ ВАЛЬЦОВОЧНЫХ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ МЕДНЫХ ТРУБ ТЕПЛООБМЕННЫХ АППАРАТОВ
Authors: А.В. Зинин , И.А. Меделяев , Н.С. Азиков , В.В. Спирягин , О.В. Бармина
Published: November 2024

Рассмотрены методы прогнозирования герметичности вальцовочных соединений «труба–трубная решетка» систем функционирования теплообменных аппаратов; исследованы механизмы упругопластического деформирования при создании вальцовочного соединения и установлены основные параметры механических процессов развальцовки, определяющие герметичность и надежность узлов соединения. Показано, что работоспособность и герметичность соединений, выполненных механическим вальцеванием, обусловлена уровнем контактных напряжений в области пластической деформации элементов. Выполнено конечно-элементное моделирование процесса развальцовки медных труб в отверстия трубных решеток с двумя кольцевыми канавками и дан анализ напряженно-деформированного состояния зоны взаимодействия элементов после формирования контакта и при действии эксплуатационных нагрузок. Определены основные неблагоприятные факторы, влияющие на герметичность и прочность вальцовочного соединения.

Methods predicting the tightness of the tube-tubesheet flaring joints of heat exchangers are considered; the mechanisms of elastoplastic deformation during the creation of a mechanical roll expansion joint have been studied, and the main parameters of the mechanical flaring processes, which determine the tightness and reliability of the joints, have been established. It is shown that the performance and tightness of joints made by mechanical rolling is due to the level of contact stresses in the area plastic deformation of elements. Finite-element modeling process of expanding copper pipes into holes in tube sheets with two annular grooves has been performed, and analysis of the stress-strain state of the interaction zone of elements after the formation a contact and under the action of operational loads is given. The main unfavorable factors affecting the tightness and strength of the rolling joint are determined.
КОЛИЧЕСТВЕННЫЙ ФАЗОВЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ПОКРЫТИЯ НА ОСНОВЕ ВЫСОКОЭНТРОПИЙНОГО СПЛАВА CRMNFECONICU
Authors: А.А. Гуда , М.С. Сыртанов , О.В. Кудряков , В.И. Колесников , С.А. Гуда , Ю.А. Абзаев
Published: November 2024

В статье получены пленки высокоэнтропийного сплава CrMnFeCoNiCu, осажденные на стальную подложку посредством вакуумного напыления в режиме магнетронного испарения. Проведено исследование локальной атомной структуры и фазового состава. Установлено, что структурное состояние сплава CrMnFeCoNiCu определяется суперпозицией вкладов эквиатомных простых кубических решеток с параметрами решеток пространственной группы P1. Обнаружен вклад в интегральную интенсивность рефлексов двух фаз, S1 и S2, которые составляют 65.7, 28.9 % соответственно. Для решеток S1, S2 методом теоретического анализа получено пространственное распределение атомов, позволившее убедиться в том, что выбранный нами сплав является твердым раствором, а также в отсутствии вторичных фаз.

The films of the high-entropy alloy CrMnFeCoNiCu were deposited on a steel substrate by magnetron vacuum deposition. We studied the local atomic structure and phase composition and established that CrMnFeCoNiCu alloy is described by the superposition of contributions from equiatomic simple cubic lattices with the P1 space group lattices. A contribution to the integral intensity of reflections from two phases, S1 and S2 provided 65.7 and 28.9 %, respectively. For the S1 and S2 lattices, using theoretical analysis, we obtained the spatial distribution of atoms, which made it possible to verify that the alloy under study represents a solid solution with the absence of secondary phases.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ДЕФОРМИРУЕМОСТИ ПРИ ПРОКАТКЕ АЛЮМИНИЕВОГО СПЛАВА 1580, ЛЕГИРОВАННОГО МАЛЫМИ ДОБАВКАМИ ЭРБИЯ И ИТТЕРБИЯ
Authors: И.Л. Константинов , Ю.В. Байковский , П.О. Юрьев , А.И. Безруких , С.Б. Сидельников , А.С. Сапарова , Ю.Н. Мансуров , Е.Г. Партыко , Д.Н. Божко
Published: November 2024

Проведено исследование деформируемости при прокатке алюминиевого сплава 1580, в котором скандий частично заменен малыми добавками эрбия и иттербия. Образцами служили слитки с поперечным сечением 60×200 мм, полученные литьем на установке для полунепрерывного литья. В работе было выполнено компьютерное моделирование процессов горячей и холодной прокатки слитков в программе Deform-3D, которое показало, что использование критерия Кокрофта–Латама позволяет корректно прогнозировать величину суммарного обжатия, приводящего к появлению трещин при горячей и холодной прокатке сплава 1580, легированного малыми добавками Er и Yb, что подтверждено результатами физического эксперимента. Проведенные после этого горячая прокатка слитков на стане дуо 330, а затем холодная прокатка на стане MDM ARIETE LS 400×240 подтвердили определенный виртуальным экспериментом ресурс пластичности сплава, как при горячей, так и при холодной прокатке. Установлено также, что механические свойства сплава 1580, легированного малыми добавками Er и Yb, после отжига в диапазоне температур 250–400 °С практически соответствуют свойствам сплава 1580 марочного состава, что позволяет сделать заключение о возможности снижения в нем содержания скандия путем его замены эрбием и иттербием.

A study was carried out on the deformability during rolling of aluminum alloy 1580, in which scandium was partially replaced by small additions of erbium and ytterbium. The samples were ingots with a cross section of 60×200 mm, obtained by casting in a semi-continuous casting installation. The work carried out computer modeling of the processes of hot and cold rolling of ingots in the Deform-3D program, which showed that the use of the Cockcroft–Latham criterion allows one to correctly predict the amount of total reduction leading to the appearance of cracks during hot and cold rolling of alloy 1580 alloyed with small additions of Er and Yb , which is confirmed by the results of a physical experiment. The subsequent hot rolling of the ingots on the DUO 330 mill and then cold rolling on the MDM ARIETE LS 400×240 mill confirmed the plasticity life of the alloy, determined by the virtual experiment, both during hot and cold rolling. It was also established that the mechanical properties of alloy 1580, alloyed with small additions of Er and Yb, after annealing in the temperature range 250–400°C practically correspond to the properties of alloy 1580 of the grade composition, which allows us to conclude that it is possible to reduce the scandium content in it over time. due to its replacement with Er and Yb.
Evaluating Antibiotic Utilization in Intensive Care Units Using WHO Defined Daily Dose and Drug Utilization 90% Methods
Authors: Mugada Vinod Kumar , Galanki Vasantha , Puvvada Stephanıe Margaret , Triveni Yerra , Kumar Chintakayala Sanjay , Ravipati Aalekhya
Published: November 2024

It is essential to assess the drug utilization evaluation patterns of antimicrobials in the ICU to safeguard rational use of antibiotics. We aimed to evaluate the drug utilization patterns of antibiotics using World Health Organization (WHO) methodologies, namely Defined Daily Dose (DDD)/100 patient days and DU 90% in the ICU. We conducted a drug utilization evaluation study in three medicine intensive care units on a sample of 397 patients. We used World Health Organization- Anatomic Therapeutic Classification (ATC)/Defined Daily Dose (DDD) and Drug Utilization 90% methods to measure drug utilization. We classified the commonly used antibiotics into Access, Watch, and Reserve (AWaRe) category proposed by WHO. The average number of antibiotics per prescription was 2.14±1.28 and average duration of treatment with an antibiotic was 6.25 ± 3.37. The DDD/100 patient days for cefoperazone + sulbactam was 2.64. The drugs included in the DU90% segment, indicating the most often used antibiotics, were cefoperazone + sulbactam, ceftriaxone, cefpodoxime, azithromycin, piperacillin + tazobactam, amikacin, metronidazole, levofloxacin, meropenem, and cefixime. Seventy-two percent of antibiotics in DU90% segment fell into the ‘Watch’ category. Culture sensitivity tests were often not performed, and there was a heavy reliance on the use of antibiotics from the Watch group.
Wirtschaftszahlen der GJAE-Ausgabe 3/2024 (aktualisierter Stand: 15.11.2024)
Authors: Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut
Published: November 2024

Wirtschaftszahlen: This database contains general data on the development of agricultural producer and input prices, the consumer price index and foreign trade in agricultural and food goods on a monthly basis for the previous 24 months. In addition, this database comprises important volume and price developments on national and international markets for selected product groups of agricultural products such as grain, livestock, meat, milk and dairy products as well as vegetables, fruit and sugar. This file is only available in German.
Biography, Women’s Friendship, and Anglo-Catholicism: Lady Georgiana Fullerton and Her Circle
Authors: Harrison Carol E. , Wisdom Maria LaMonaca
Published: November 2024

The English novelist Georgiana Fullerton belonged to a cosmopolitan circle of literary friends, including especially the French writer Pauline Craven, née La Ferronnays, who published a biography of Fullerton after her death. Elizabeth Gaskell’s Life of Charlotte Brontë (1857)—a work that similarly presented itself as a tribute from one author to another as well as testimony to an intimate friendship—offers significant context for Craven’s efforts. Departing from Gaskell’s emphasis on marriage and domesticity, Craven drew on the hagiography tradition that was enjoying a mid-nineteenth-century revival. She presented her subject as a saint in the making and affirmed that Lady Georgiana’s literary talents were central to her exemplary virtue. Broader analysis of the dozens of biographical subjects that Fullerton, Craven, and their friends chose indicates a desire to reintroduce Englishwomen to an international Catholic sisterhood that they had lost with the Reformation.
Dangerous Dens of Amusement: Penny Gaffs and the Moral Education of the London Street Folk
Authors: Donaghue-Johnston Sean
Published: November 2024

This article argues that Henry Mayhew and other Victorian moralists, who visited penny gaffs or penny theaters in the slums of London and recorded their observations for middle-class readers, were engaged in discursive practices that can be properly described as ethological. Ethology, in this context, is the science of the formation of character, as sketched out by John Stuart Mill in 1843. Mill’s claim was that human character was something that could be made into an object of scientific observation and that, if the process of the formation of character could be understood, it could also be more effectively controlled. As this article argues, Victorian moralists viewed the penny gaff as a sort of ethological observatory, a place to which one could go to observe the character of the poor in the process of its formation and development. They also considered the penny gaff to be an educational apparatus, an institution that shaped the moral character of the poor and would therefore need to be taken in hand and controlled in order to produce a “better,” more bourgeois character among the London street folk. To describe this ethological discourse, Michel Foucault’s archaeological method is employed.