bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Application of a BiGRU Model with Transformer-Based Error Correction in Deformation Prediction for Bridge SHM
Authors: Wang Xu , Xie Guilin , Zhang Youjia , Liu Haiming , Zhou Lei , Liu Wentao , Gao Yang
Published: February 2025

Accurate deformation prediction is crucial for ensuring the safety and longevity of bridges. However, the complex fluctuations of deformation pose a challenge to achieving this goal. To improve the prediction accuracy, a bridge deformation prediction method based on a bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BiGRU) neural network and error correction is proposed. Firstly, the BiGRU model is employed to predict deformation data, which aims to enhance the modeling capability of the GRU network for time-series data through its bidirectional structure. Then, to extract the valuable information concealed in the error, a transformer model is introduced to rectify the error sequence. Finally, the preliminary and error prediction results are integrated to yield high-precision deformation prediction results. Two deformation datasets collected from an actual bridge health monitoring system are utilized as examples to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method outperforms the comparison model in terms of prediction accuracy, robustness, and generalization ability, with the predicted deformation results being closer to the actual results. Notably, the error-corrected model exhibits significantly improved evaluation metrics compared to the single model. The research findings herein offer a scientific foundation for bridges’ early safety warning and health monitoring. Additionally, they hold significant relevance for developing time-series prediction models based on deep learning.
Simplifying the Diagnosis of Pediatric Nystagmus with Fundus Photography
Authors: Cohen-Sinai Noa , Man Peles Inbal , Obied Basel , Netzer Noa , Hadar Noa , Zahavi Alon , Goldenberg-Cohen Nitza
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: To simplify diagnosing congenital and acquired nystagmus using fundus photographs. Methods: A retrospective study included patients with congenital or childhood-acquired nystagmus examined at a hospital-based ophthalmology clinic (September 2020–September 2023) with fundus photos taken. Exclusions were for incomplete data or low-quality images. Demographics, aetiology, orthoptic measurements, and ophthalmologic and neurological exams were reviewed. Two independent physicians graded fundus photos based on amplitude (distance between “ghost” images), the number of images visible, and the direction of nystagmus. Severity was rated on a 0–3 scale using qualitative and quantitative methods. Photographic findings were compared to clinical data, and statistical analysis used Mann-Whitney tests. Results: A total of 53 eyes from 29 patients (16 females, 13 males; mean age 12.5 years, range 3–65) were studied: 25 with binocular nystagmus and 3 with monocular nystagmus. Diagnoses included congenital (n = 15), latent-manifest (n = 3), neurologically associated (n = 2), and idiopathic (n = 9). Types observed were vertical (n = 5), horizontal (n = 23), rotatory (n = 10), and multidirectional (n = 15). Visual acuity ranged from 20/20 to no light perception. Fundus photos correlated with clinical diagnoses, aiding qualitative assessment of direction and amplitude and mitigating eye movement effects for clearer retinal detail visualization. Conclusions: Fundus photography effectively captures nystagmus characteristics and retinal details, even in young children, despite continuous eye movements. Integrating fundus cameras into routine practice may enhance nystagmus diagnosis and management, improving patient outcomes.
The Management of IgG4-Related Disease in Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sapountzi Evdoxia , Kotanidou Eleni P. , Tsinopoulou Vasiliki-Rengina , Fotis Lampros , Fidani Liana , Galli-Tsinopoulou Assimina
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a multi-organ disease with greatly varying therapeutic approaches and a lack of specific treatment algorithms. This systematic review aimed to determine the therapeutic approaches for pediatric IgG4-RD in real-word practice. Methods: We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for articles on pediatric IgG4-RD cases published in English from 2012 to August 2024, focusing on treatments and outcomes. Study type, treatment(s), dose/regimen, age and sex, organ(s) involved, and treatment outcomes were manually extracted from each study. Results: Of the 219 studies identified, we analyzed 81 studies, including 114 pediatric IgG4-RD cases. Fifty-seven percent of patients suffered from multi-organ disease and required several treatment schemes. Around 75% received steroids, alone or in combination, regardless of the organ affected. The treatment outcomes were positive in most cases, although relapses occurred in approximately 30% of patients, usually upon steroid tapering. Other common therapeutic approaches included immunosuppressants, often used as steroid-sparing agents, with azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil being the most common; surgery for localized disease; and biologics, mainly rituximab, used in more severe/refractory cases. Uncommon but effective therapies included adalimumab and ruxolitinib. Drug combinations seemed to be more efficacious than monotherapies across studies. Patients > 10 years old more frequently received aggressive approaches (surgery and rituximab) and more often experienced relapses. Relapse rates were higher among females. Conclusions: This review highlights the use of systemic steroids as an effective first-line treatment for pediatric IgG4-RD, but also underscores the use of non-steroid-based alternatives in combination with steroids or other immunosuppressants for the effective management of IgG4-RD.
Recent Studies on the Effects of Static Magnetic Fields (SMF) on Reproductive Function
Authors: Zhang Chengchang , Dong Chengle , Liu Xiaohang , Zhang Jiaxing , Li Qinlan , Chen Shuting , Zhao Hu , Huang Donghui
Published: February 2025

Background: With the widespread use of static magnetic fields (SMFs) in applications such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electric vehicles, concerns have arisen regarding their potential effects on reproductive health. Despite increasing research, the impact of SMFs on reproductive function remains a subject of debate, requiring further exploration. Methods: This review synthesizes animal and clinical studies on the effects of SMF on reproductive function. It examines various SMF intensities and exposure durations, focusing on mitochondrial function, chromosomal division, and embryonic development. Results: The review reveals that low-intensity SMF exposure adversely affects mitochondrial function in sperm and eggs, reducing their activity. It also impacts follicular cells, delaying chromosomal division. Medium- and high-intensity SMF exposure shows mixed results, with both potential benefits and risks, requiring further research. High-intensity SMFs may pose teratogenic risks to embryos and delay the development of fertilized eggs. The position of SMF exposure also matters, likely due to field non-uniformity. Conclusions: This review provides a foundation for further investigation into the effects of SMFs on reproductive function, highlighting the need for more comprehensive studies to assess safety and applications. Special caution is advised for pregnant women regarding SMF exposure, given its potential risks.
Analysis of Volatile Metabolome and Transcriptome in Sweet Basil Under Drought Stress
Authors: Zhou Yuan , Ma Guangying , Li Wenlue , Xie Lupeng , Zhan Shuxia , Yao Xingda , Zuo Ziwei , Tian Danqing
Published: February 2025

Basil, renowned for its aromatic properties, exhibits commendable drought tolerance and holds significant value as an edible and medicinal plant. Recognizing the scarcity of studies addressing basil’s response to drought stress, we performed physiological experiments and omics analyses of sweet basil across four distinct levels of drought stress. During drought stress, basil showed increased activity of antioxidant enzymes and accumulated more osmoregulatory compounds. Our metabolic analysis meticulously identified a total of 830 metabolites, among which, 215 were differentially accumulated. The differentially accumulated metabolites under drought stress were predominantly esters and terpenes; however, none were identified as the primary volatile compounds of basil. Transcriptome analyses highlighted the pivotal roles of phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis and lipid metabolism in fortifying the resistance of sweet basil against drought stress. α-linolenic acid, lignin, flavonoid, and flavonol contents significantly increased under stress; the essential genes involved in the production of these compounds were confirmed through quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and their variations aligned with the outcomes from sequencing. This holistic approach not only enriches our understanding of the molecular intricacies underpinning basil’s drought resistance but also furnishes valuable insights for the molecular breeding of basil varieties endowed with enhanced drought tolerance.
Unraveling the Mechanism of Action, Binding Sites, and Therapeutic Advances of CFTR Modulators: A Narrative Review
Authors: Baroni Debora
Published: February 2025

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a recessive genetic disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, a chloride and bicarbonate channel localized on the plasma membrane of epithelial cells. Over the last three decades, high-throughput screening assays have been extensively employed in identifying drugs that target specific defects arising from CFTR mutations. The two main categories of such compounds are potentiators, which enhance CFTR gating by increasing the channel’s open probability, and correctors, which improve CFTR protein folding and trafficking to the plasma membrane. In addition to these, other investigational molecules include amplifiers and stabilizers, which enhance the levels and the stability of CFTR on the cell surface, and read-through agents that promote the insertion of correct amino acids at premature termination codons. Currently, four CFTR modulators are clinically approved: the potentiator ivacaftor (VX-770), either as monotherapy or in combination with the correctors lumacaftor (VX-809), tezacaftor (VX-661), and elexacaftor (VX-445). Among these, the triple combination VX-445/VX-661/VX-770 (marketed as Trikafta® in the US and Kaftrio® in Europe) has emerged as the most effective CFTR modulator therapy to date, demonstrating significant clinical benefits in phase III trials for patients with at least one F508del CFTR allele. Despite these advancements, the mechanisms of action and binding sites of these modulators on CFTR have only recently begun to be elucidated. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms could provide essential insights for developing more potent and effective modulators, particularly in combination therapies. This narrative review delves into the mechanism of action, binding sites, and combinatorial effects of approved and investigational CFTR modulators, highlighting ongoing efforts to broaden therapeutic options for individuals with CF.
RETRACTED: Yang et al. Influence of DETA on Thermal and Corrosion Protection Properties of GPTMS-TEOS Hybrid Coatings on Q215 Steel. Coatings 2023, 13, 1145
Authors: Yang Shuanqiang , Jia Zhenzhen , Xu Jinjia , Hong Ruoyu
Published: February 2025

The journal retracts the article titled “Influence of DETA on Thermal and Corrosion Protection Properties of GPTMS-TEOS Hybrid Coatings on Q215 Steel” [...]
Upscaled Multilayer Dispersion Coating Application for Barrier Packaging: PLAX and bioORMOCER®
Authors: Nissinen Eetu , Anghelescu-Hakala Adina , Hämäläinen Roosa , Kivinen Pauliina , Somorowsky Ferdinand , Avellan Jani , Koppolu Rajesh
Published: February 2025

The shift from fossil-based packaging materials to more sustainable alternatives is driven by evolving environmental regulations aiming for enhanced recyclability and biodegradability. Dispersion coatings, as opposed to extrusion-based approaches, offer significant advantages by reducing the coat weights, but generally, multiple coating layers are needed to meet functional performance requirements. This study explores the application of upscaled multilayer dispersion coatings comprising polylactic acid-based coating (PLAX) and hybrid nanomaterial lacquer (bioORMOCER®) on commercial base papers for barrier packaging using semi-pilot reverse gravure and industrial-scale rod coaters. One multilayer structure demonstrated a low water vapour transmission rate (WVTR), achieving a WVTR of 12 g/(m2·day) under standard conditions and a 78% reduction of WVTR compared to the substrate under elevated humidity. The other multilayer structure exhibited an excellent oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of 2.3 cc/(m2·day·bar) at dry conditions, which is comparable to conventional high-performance alternatives. Both multilayer coatings enhanced the grease and mineral oil barriers significantly, as heptane vapour transmission rate (HVTR) reductions exceeded 97%. The multilayer coatings demonstrated strong potential for scalable production of sustainable, high-barrier packaging materials. These findings highlight the capability of dispersion coatings to replace traditional fossil-based barriers, advancing the development of environmentally friendly packaging solutions.
In-Flight Particle Oxidation Evolution in HVAF: A Numerical Study
Authors: Diop Sokhna Awa Bousso , Nastic Aleksandra , Dolatabadi Ali , Attarzadeh Reza , Moreau Christian
Published: February 2025

Oxygen present in the High Velocity Air-Fuel (HVAF) process can react with the in-flight metallic particles and cause their oxidation. A grown brittle oxide shell on metallic micro-size particles can reduce their deposition efficiency and impair the coating’s final deposited properties/microstructure. In the current study, the oxide growth of MCrAlY particles, where M stands for Nickel (Ni) and Cobalt (Co), during their flight in the HVAF process has been numerically modeled and validated with experimental single-particle depositions. A thorough theoretical oxide layer growth background is also presented. The utilized oxidation development follows the Mott–Cabrera theory for very thin films, which uses the particle surrounding temperature and oxygen partial pressure to track and describe the oxide growth. The obtained results provide a good correlation between the HVAF system design, the operating conditions, and surface oxidation phenomena observed using focus ion beam scanning electron microscope (FIB/SEM) analysis on collected particles. Furthermore, the particle’s degree of oxidation in HVAF is compared to High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) to demonstrate the influence of combustion processes on oxidation level.
Complications in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
Authors: Escobar Monroy Rebeca , Proietti Silvia , De Leonardis Federico , Gisone Stefano , Scalia Riccardo , Mongelli Luca , Gaboardi Franco , Giusti Guido
Published: February 2025

Purpose: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the gold-standard treatment for large renal calculi. Despite its efficacy, complications can occur. This narrative review aims to classify, manage, and prevent PCNL complications, emphasizing risk factors and strategies to optimize outcomes. Findings: PCNL is a safe and highly effective procedure for the management of renal stones. Risk factors include patient comorbidities, stone complexity, prolonged surgical time, and improper access. Proactive measures, such as accurate imaging, antibiotic prophylaxis, and careful surgical techniques, reduce complication rates. Although certain complications may affect surgical outcomes, most are effectively managed through conservative or minimally invasive approaches. Proficiency in the technique is essential for reducing the risk of complications. Conclusions: Understanding the classification, risk factors, and management of PCNL complications is essential for optimizing patient outcomes. Comprehensive preoperative planning, meticulous surgical technique, and tailored postoperative care are critical for minimizing risks and improving procedural safety.
Computer Simulation of the Natural Vibrations of a Rigidly Fixed Plate Considering Temperature Shock
Authors: Sedelnikov Andry , Glushkov Sergey , Evtushenko Maksim , Skvortsov Yurii , Nikolaeva Alexandra
Published: February 2025

This paper presents the results of a computational experiment on the natural vibrations of a homogeneous rigidly fixed plate after a temperature shock. Unlike in many well-known studies, in this work, the plate is not stationary at the moment of thermal shock. This formulation has wide practical applications. For example, as a result of the unfolding of solar panels, free vibrations are excited. The purpose of this work was to analyze the effect of temperature shock on the characteristics of the plate’s own vibrations. Specifying the parameters of natural vibrations and considering temperature shock make it possible to model the vibration process more adequately. The simulation parameters simulate the conditions of the space environment. Therefore, the results of this study can be applied to the study of thermal vibrations in solar panels and other large elastic elements of spacecraft.
Practice and Research Optimization Environment in Python (PyPROE)
Authors: Jaus Christopher , Haynie Kaelyn , Mulligan Michael , Fang Howie
Published: February 2025

Practice and Research Optimization Environment in Python (PyPROE) is a GUI-based, integrated framework designed to improve the user experience in both learning and research on engineering design optimization. Traditional optimization programs require either coding or creating complex input files, and often involve a variety of applications in sequence to arrive at the solution, which presents a steep learning curve. PyPROE addresses these challenges by providing an intuitive, user-friendly Graphical User Interface (GUI) that integrates key steps in design optimization into a seamless workflow through a single application. This integration reduces the potential for user error, lowers the barriers to entry for learners, and allows students and researchers to focus on core concepts rather than software intricacies. PyPROE’s human-centered design simplifies the learning experience and enhances productivity by automating data transfers between function modules. This automation allows users to dedicate more time to solving engineering problems rather than dealing with disjointed tools. Benchmarking and user surveys demonstrate that PyPROE offers significant usability improvements, making complex engineering optimization accessible to a broader audience.
A Study of the Sorption Properties and Changes in the Structure and State of the Ti-25Al-25Nb (at.%) Alloy System Under Thermocyclic Loading
Authors: Kozhakhmetov Yernat , Tabiyeva Yerkezhan , Mukhamedova Nurya , Urkunbay Azamat , Aidarova Madina , Kizatov Aibar , Sagymbekova Elfira
Published: February 2025

This study is focused on the sorption properties and the changes in the structure and state of Ti-25Al-25Nb (at.%) system alloys under thermal cyclic loading. These samples were produced by combining high-energy processing methods through mechanization and spark plasma sintering in the temperature range of 1100–1300 °C, followed by two-stage heat treatment at temperatures of 800 °C and 1250 °C. Thermal cyclic experiments on hydrogen sorption/desorption with samples of the Ti-25Al-25Nb (at.%) system were conducted at the VIKA experimental installation at a saturation temperature of about 500 °C and a degassing temperature of 610 °C. It took about 41 min to reach pressure equilibrium at 500 °C. The hydrogen diffusion coefficient was calculated based on the Barrer formula and was 9.1 × 10−5 cm2/s at 500 °C. The maximum hydrogen content was recorded after the first sorption/desorption cycle and was 1.91 wt%. Due to the multiple thermal cyclic effects in the hydrogen medium, the predominantly two-phase (O + B2) alloy structure underwent transformation to form a new structure (O-AlNbTi2). In the phase composition of the Ti-25Al-25Nb (at.%) alloy, the formation of hydrides in the form of independent phases as a result of thermal cycling was not detected. Hydrogen absorption is most likely to be associated with the formation of an interstitial solution based on existing crystalline phases.
In the Face of Climate Change, Coral Reservoirs with Restoration Potential: A Case Study in Utría Cove, Eastern Tropical Pacific
Authors: Quirama Maria Gabriela , Lazarus Juan Felipe , López-Victoria Mateo
Published: February 2025

The limited research in Utría Cove has hindered our understanding of marginal coral areas in a rapidly changing ocean. To better understand how marginal reefs could serve as coral reservoirs where local communities could actively be involved, we assessed the ecological attributes of Utría’s coral areas, documented the impact of the 2023–2024 El Niño event, and conducted a SWOT analysis to frame the restoration potential. The current state shows a reduction of 1.4 ha in La Chola reef, where the average live coral cover is 24% and algal cover is 41%. The other two coral communities assessed (Diego and Punta Diego) showed coral cover between 14% and 17%, and algal cover between 42% and 50%, respectively. No significant differences were found in structural complexity, benthic cover, and macroinvertebrates; only fish richness was significantly higher at Punta Diego. Based on previously documented higher coral cover, the three areas need interventions (i.e., active restoration), especially considering the widespread bleaching recorded (temperatures up to 31.4 °C; sustained mean temperatures of ~30 °C ± 0.43), associated with El Niño. The SWOT analysis identified four weaknesses (e.g., logistical challenges), four threats (e.g., illegal fishing), six strengths, and six opportunities that highlight the potential to engage locals in restoration by providing economic alternatives and boosting regional initiatives.
Acetone–Ether–Water Mouse Model of Persistent Itch Fully Resolves Without Latent Pruritic or Cross-Modality Priming
Authors: Ford Zachary K. , Kirry Adam J. , Davidson Steve
Published: February 2025

Hyperalgesic priming is a model of the transition from acute to chronic pain. Whether a similar mechanism exists for “pruritic priming” of itch is unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that itchy skin in a commonly used mouse model of dry skin pruritus develops latent sensitization after resolution. Acetone–ether–water (AEW) treatment induced a dry and itchy skin condition in the mouse cheek that elicited site-directed scratching behavior. After cessation of treatment and the complete resolution of AEW-induced scratching, histaminergic and non-histaminergic pruritogens were administered to the cheek to test for altered site-directed scratching and wiping behavior. Each pruritogen was also tested following the resolution of carrageenan-induced nociceptor hypersensitivity to test for cross-modality priming. Peak AEW-induced scratching occurred 24 h after the final day of treatment, and 5 days were required for scratching levels to return to baseline. Likewise, epidermal thickening was the greatest on the final treatment day and completely returned to baseline after 5 days. After the resolution of itchy cheek skin, acute histamine- and non-histamine-evoked scratching and wiping behaviors were unchanged, nor were scratching and wiping behaviors to acute pruritogens altered after the resolution of carrageenan-induced hypersensitivity. The results indicate that persistent itch due to dry skin likely resolves completely, without producing a latent primed response to subsequent pruritic stimuli. We conclude that the mechanisms regulating hyperalgesic priming are likely distinct from pruritic signaling in the dry and itchy skin model.
Evaluation of a Portable Handheld Heterochromatic Flicker Photometer in Measuring Macular Pigment Optical Density
Authors: Davey Pinakin Gunvant , Rosen Richard B. , Park Joshua J. , Spors Frank , Gierhart Dennis L.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Macular pigment optical density (MPOD) is an important clinical biomarker for ocular conditions like macular degeneration, diabetic eye disease, and digital eye strain. Additionally, its measurements can be essential in health assessment for visual function, systemic diseases, and brain health. We aimed to assess the repeatability, agreement, and effects of the learning curve of the new portable handheld heterochromatic flicker photometer, Zx Pro, in measuring MPOD in a wide age range of ocular-healthy adults, compared to the MPOD measurements obtained using the clinically available QuantifEye device. Methods: Seventy-six participants performed one practice attempt and two study-related MPOD measurements with the Zx Pro and the QuantifEye. Results: The Pearson correlation between the study-related MPOD measurements for Zx Pro and QuantifEye devices was 90% and 85%, respectively. Bland and Altman plots show excellent agreement between the device’s MPOD data, with 95% limits of an agreement being −0.10 to +0.11 du. The mean difference between the practice attempt and the study-related measurements was not statistically significant for Zx Pro but was significant for QuantifEye (Repeated measures ANOVA p = 0.325 and p = 0.015, respectively). Conclusions: The Zx Pro provides excellent repeatable MPOD measurements, has an insignificant learning curve, and is in good agreement with the predicate device.
The Predictive Role of Baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT Radiomics in Follicular Lymphoma on Watchful Waiting: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Maccora Daria , Guerreri Michele , Malafronte Rosalia , D’Alò Francesco , Hohaus Stefan , De Summa Marco , Rufini Vittoria , Gatta Roberto , Boldrini Luca , Leccisotti Lucia , Annunziata Salvatore
Published: February 2025

Background: Patients with low tumour burden follicular lymphoma (FL) are managed with an initial watchful waiting (WW) approach. The way to better predict the time-to-treatment (TTT) is still under investigation for its possible clinical impact. This study explored whether radiomic features extracted from baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT could predict TTT in FL patients on WW. Methods: Thirty-eight patients on initial WW (grade 1–3a) were retrospectively included from 2010 to 2019. Eighty-one PET/CT morphological and first-level intensity radiomic features were extracted from the total metabolic tumour burden (TMTV), the lesion having the highest SUVmax and a reference volume-of-interest placed on the healthy liver. Models using linear regression (LR) and support vector machine (SVM) were constructed to assess the feasibility of using radiomic features to predict TTT. A leave-one-out cross-validation approach was used to assess the performance. Results: For LR models, we found a root-mean-squared error of 29.4, 28.6, 26.4 and 26.8 and an R2 of 0.03, 0.08, 0.21 and 0.20, respectively, incrementing the features from one to four. Accordingly, the best model included three features: the liver minimum SUV value, the liver SUV skewness and the sum of squared SUV values in the TMTV. For SVM models, accuracies of 0.79, 0.63, 0.76 and 0.68 and areas under the curve of 0.80, 0.72, 0.77 and 0.63 were found, respectively, incrementing the features from one to four. The best performing model used one feature, namely the median value of the lesion containing the SUVmax value. Conclusions: The baseline PET/CT radiomic approach has the potential to predict TTT in FL patients on WW. Integrating radiomics with clinical parameters could further aid in patient stratification.
Predictive Value of Several Parameters for Severity of Acute Pancreatitis in a Cohort of 172 Patients
Authors: Liță (Cofaru) Florina Alexandra , Eremia Irina Anca , Nica Silvia , Brîndușe Lăcrămioara Aurelia , Zărnescu Narcis-Octavian , Moldoveanu Alexandru Constantin , Goran Loredana Gabriela , Fierbințeanu-Braticevici Carmen
Published: February 2025

Background: The optimal management of patients with acute pancreatitis is directly related to the early detection of the mild, moderate, or severe forms of the disease, which remains a continuous challenge despite the availability of various severity scores. The aim of this study was to identify prognostic factors with the highest predictive value specific to the local patients and elaborate the score to identify the severe cases. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational cohort study included 172 patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. Personal, clinical, laboratory, and imaging factors and their influence on the severity of acute pancreatitis were evaluated. Results: Etiology nonA-nonB (any etiology except unique alcoholic or biliary etiology), presence of diabetes mellitus, the pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), White Blood Cells (WBCs), and CRP (C-reactive protein) levels were found to be directly associated with the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP). Prediction scores were calculated to estimate disease severity using the following regression equations: Prediction Acute Pancreatitis Severity (PAPS) score I = 1.237 + 0.144 × nonA-nonB (0 = no, 1 = yes) + 0.001 × WBC1 + 0.027 × VAS0 and PAPS score II = 1.189 + 0.001 × CRP (mg/L) + 0.135 × nonA-nonB etiology (0 = no, 1 = yes) + 0.025 × VAS0 − 0.047 × CA1. The PAPS Score II demonstrated the best performance. At a cut-off value of 1.248, the score had 80% sensitivity, 80.9% specificity, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 28.6%, a negative predictive value (NPV) of 97.7%, and an accuracy of 80.8%. For a cut-off value of 221.5 mg/L, the accuracy of CRP was 81.4% for predicting severe AP. Conclusions: The PAPS score II is an easy-to-use, fast, and affordable score for determining cases of severe disease for patients diagnosed with AP.
Comparative Clinical-Imaging and Histogenetic Analysis Between Astrocytoma IDH-Mutant Grade 4 and Glioblastoma IDH-Wildtype—Is There Really a Worse One?
Authors: Orasanu Cristian Ionut , Aschie Mariana , Deacu Mariana , Bosoteanu Madalina , Vamesu Sorin , Enciu Manuela , Cozaru Georgeta Camelia , Mitroi Anca Florentina , Ghitoi Sinziana Andra , Cretu Ana Maria , Ursica Oana Andreea , Voda Raluca Ioana
Published: February 2025

Background: Brain tumors pose a significant health threat, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. Astrocytoma IDH-mutant grade 4 (A4IDHmt) and glioblastoma IDH-wildtype (G4IDHwt) exhibit similar clinical and imaging characteristics. This study aims to highlight the differences in their clinical evolution and histogenetic aspects with the possible therapeutic impact, as well as the adverse prognostic factors in patient survival. Methods: We performed a 10-year retrospective study of grade 4 gliomas, evaluating immunomarkers and FISH tests. We also quantified tumor necrosis and microvascular density. Results: A total of 81 cases were identified; 54.32% were A4IDHmt. We observed that A4IDHmt patients were younger (34.10% under 50) and had a higher survival rate (4.55%). This group also exhibited a more pronounced microvascular density (p = 0.010) and proliferative index (p = 0.026). G4IDHwt was associated with larger tumor volumes (94.84 cm3 vs. 86.14 cm3), lower resectability rates (82.88% vs. 87.67%), and a more significant immature cell population (83.78% vs. 68.18%). In the case of both, the negative risk on survival in the univariate analysis is given by advanced age (A4IDHmt: HR = 1.035, G4IDHwt: HR = 1.045) and p53 immunopositivity (A4IDHmt: HR = 6.962, G4IDHwt: HR = 4.680). Conclusions: The negative risk factors for A4IDHmt include the rapid onset of clinical symptoms (HR = 2.038), diabetes mellitus (HR = 2.311), arterial hypertension (HR = 2.325), residual tumor (HR = 2.662), increased residual tumor volume (HR = 1.060), increased microvascular density (HR = 1.096), and high tumor necrosis (HR = 1.097). For G4IDHwt, the negative risk factors consist of increased residual volume (HR = 1.023), lost PTEN immunoreaction (HR = 33.133), and unmethylated DNA status (HR = 6.765, respectively HR = 20.573). Even if it has more risk factors, A4IDHmt is the lesser evil.
Clinical Impact of Olaparib for Platinum-Sensitive Recurrent Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Ishida Hiroaki , Manrai Megumi , Takashima Akiko , Egashira Hiroki , Nonaka Mizuki , Shimada Hideaki
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Olaparib, a poly ADP ribose polymerase inhibitor, has been effective in prolonging progression-free survival in platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer. The clinicopathological factors that predict a favorable prognosis remain unclear. Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed the prognostic effect of clinicopathological factors in the patients treated with olaparib for platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer. Methods: A total of 16 patients were treated with olaparib from 2018 to 2023. We categorized these patients into the responder (five cases who had not relapsed within 2 years) and non-responder groups (11 cases who had relapsed within 2 years). Clinical factors, including age, number of platinum drug courses, platinum-free interval, and CA125 value before olaparib treatment, were compared between the responder and non-responder groups. Results: The age of the responder group was significantly younger than that of the non-responder group (52 vs. 69 years old, p = 0.02). The CA125 value of the responder group was significantly lower than that of the non-responder group (14.2 vs. 82.7 U/mL, p = 0.02). Conclusions: The good predictive factors that enabled continued olaparib administration without recurrence were younger age and a lower CA125 value before olaparib treatment. The younger group (<65 years old) and the low CA125 value group (<20 U/mL) in PSR may be treated with olaparib for a long period, suppressing disease progression. Providing this information to patients with PSR may help in decision-making regarding performing maintenance therapy with olaparib.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Based Hyperspectral Imaging and Soil Texture Mapping with Robust AI Algorithms
Authors: Flores Peña Pablo , Ale Isaac Mohammad Sadeq , Gîfu Daniela , Pechlivani Eleftheria Maria , Ragab Ahmed Refaat
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the integration of UAV-based hyperspectral imaging and advanced AI algorithms for soil texture mapping and stress detection in agricultural settings. The primary focus lies on leveraging multi-modal sensor data, including hyperspectral imaging, thermal imaging, and gamma-ray spectroscopy, to enable precise monitoring of abiotic and biotic stressors in crops. An innovative algorithm combining vegetation indices, path planning, and machine learning methods is introduced to enhance the efficiency of data collection and analysis. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in accuracy and operational efficiency, paving the way for real-time, data-driven decision-making in precision agriculture.
Returns to Higher Education in Mexico: A Cross-Sectional Analysis, 2010–2024
Authors: Rodríguez Galván Janeth Yadira , Islas Aguirre Juan Francisco
Published: February 2025

This study evaluates the socioeconomic effects of educational policies implemented between 2010 and 2024 within the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, focusing on the labor demand for professionals with advanced competencies. Using a quantitative analysis based on microdata from the National Survey of Occupation and Employment (ENOE) for 2010–2024, an econometric model is employed to estimate the returns to education and work experience and analyze gender wage gaps and the urban–rural distribution. The findings reveal a 46.3% increase in the labor market participation of individuals with higher education and a rise in wage disparities, particularly in the Information and Communication Technology sector. Limited to ENOE data in Mexico, this research adds value by identifying the mismatch between educational supply and emerging labor market demands. The conclusions suggest adjusting educational policies to reduce gender gaps and better equip graduates to meet current challenges.
New Organization Heights—The Impostor’s Impostor Syndrome
Authors: Bodislav Dumitru Alexandru , Georgescu Raluca Iuliana
Published: February 2025

A conceptual exploration of contrasting psychological phenomena—overconfidence, as exemplified by the Dunning–Kruger Effect (DKE), and self-doubt, represented by impostor syndrome—within organizational contexts. It examines how these biases shape individual behavior, team dynamics, and organizational performance, highlighting the interplay between competence miscalibration and the undervaluation of one’s skills. The article further explores the societal, psychological, and familial origins of these syndromes, proposing implications for leadership and workplace productivity.
Preventive Effects of Forest Bathing/Shinrin-Yoku on Cardiovascular Diseases: A Review of Mechanistic Evidence
Authors: Li Qing
Published: February 2025

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels and include coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, rheumatic heart disease, and other conditions, which are leading causes of global morbidity and mortality. It is very important to establish preventive measures against CVDs, including hypertension. Against this background, forest bathing/shinrin-yoku is attracting attention as a new method of health promotion and disease prevention. Forest bathing/shinrin-yoku is an activity that utilizes the healing effects of forests to promote people’s health and prevent disease by stimulating the five senses, including sight, smell, hearing, taste, and touch, through forest visits. Since 2004, many scientific studies on the psychological and physiological effects of forest bathing/shinrin-yoku have been conducted, and many original scientific articles have been published. It has been reported that forest bathing/shinrin-yoku boosted immune system by increasing human natural killer activity and anticancer proteins in natural killer, lowered blood pressure and pulse rate, reduced stress hormones including adrenaline, noradrenaline in urine and cortisol in serum and saliva, increased the parasympathetic nervous activity and decreased the sympathetic nervous activity, improved sleep, reduced the negative emotions and increased positive feelings. In this article, the author reviewed the preventive effects of forest bathing/shinrin-yoku on CVDs from the perspectives of the effects of forest bathing/shinrin-yoku on stress hormones, parasympathetic nervous and sympathetic nervous systems, sleep, blood pressure and heart/pulse rate, and other mechanisms based on the published scientific evidence.
Risk Assessment of Carbon Stock Loss in Chinese Forests Due to Pine Wood Nematode Invasion
Authors: Xu Shaoxiong , Huang Wenjiang , Wang Dacheng , Zhang Biyao , Sun Hong , Yan Jiayu , Ding Jianli , Ma Xu
Published: February 2025

Chinese forests, particularly the coniferous forest ecosystems represented by pines, play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle, significantly contributing to mitigating climate change, regulating regional climates, and maintaining ecological balance. However, pine wilt disease (PWD), caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN), has become a major threat to forest carbon stocks in China. This study evaluates the impact of PWN invasion on forest carbon stocks in China using multi-source data and an optimized MaxEnt model, and the study analyzes this invasion’s spread trends and potential risk areas. The results show that the high-suitability area for PWN has expanded from 68,000 km2 in 2002 to 184,000 km2 in 2021, with the spread of PWN accelerating, especially under warm and humid climate conditions and due to human activities. China’s forest carbon stocks increased from 111.34 billion tons of carbon (tC) to 168.05 billion tC, but the carbon risk due to PWN invasion also increased from 87 million tC to 99 million tC, highlighting the ongoing threat to the carbon storage capacity. The study further reveals significant differences in tree species’ sensitivity to PWN, with highly sensitive species such as Masson’s pine and black pine mainly concentrated in the southeastern coastal regions, while less sensitive species such as white pine and larch show stronger resistance in the northern and southwestern areas. This finding highlights the vulnerability of high-sensitivity tree species to PWN, especially in high-risk areas such as Guangdong, Guangxi, and Guizhou, where urgent and effective control measures are needed to reduce carbon stock losses. To address this challenge, the study recommends strengthening monitoring in high-risk areas and proposes specific measures to improve forest management and policy interventions, including promoting cross-regional joint control, enhancing early warning systems, and utilizing biological control measures, while encouraging local governments and communities to actively participate. By strengthening collaboration and implementing control measures, the health and sustainable development of forest ecosystems can be ensured, safeguarding the forests’ important role in climate regulation and carbon sequestration and contributing to global climate change mitigation.
Design and Pressure Pulsation Analysis of Pure Rolling External Helical Gear Pumps with Different Tooth Profiles
Authors: Chen Zhen , Li Yingqi , Xiao Xiaoping , He Chao , Zhu Kai , Chen Yangzhi , Fuentes-Aznar Alfonso
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates the design methodologies of pure rolling helical gear pumps with various tooth profiles, based on the active design of meshing lines. The transverse active tooth profile of a pure rolling helical gear end face is composed of various function curves at key control points. The entire transverse tooth profile consists of the active tooth profile and the Hermite curve as the tooth root transition, seamlessly connecting at the designated control points. The tooth surface is created by sweeping the entire transverse tooth profile along the pure rolling contact curves. The fundamental design parameters, tooth profile equations, tooth surface equations, and a two-dimensional fluid model for pure rolling helical gears were established. The pressure pulsation characteristics of pure rolling helical gear pumps and CBB-40 involute spur gear pumps, each with different tooth profiles, were compared under specific working pressures. This comparison encompassed the maximum effective positive and negative pressures within the meshing region, pressure fluctuations at the midpoints of both inlet and outlet pressures, and pressure fluctuations at the rear sections of the inlet and outlet pressures. The results indicated that the proposed pure rolling helical gear pump with a parabolic tooth profile exhibited 42.81% lower effective positive pressure in the meshing region compared to the involute spur gear pump, while the maximum effective negative pressure was approximately 27 times smaller than that of the involute gear pump. Specifically, the pressure pulsations in the middle and rear regions of the inlet and outlet pressure zones were reduced by 33.1%, 6.33%, 57.27%, and 69.61%, respectively, compared to the involute spur gear pump.
Measurements of Wake Concentration from the Continuous Release of a Dense Fluid Upstream of a Cubic Obstacle
Authors: Akhter Romana , Kaye Nigel B.
Published: February 2025

Results are presented from a series of small-scale laboratory experiments designed to model dense gas dispersion around an isolated cuboid building. Experiments were conducted for a broad range of flow Richardson numbers and source discharge rates, and the concentration field in the wake of the building was measured using light-induced fluorescence (LIF). Results show that, for low Richardson numbers, the concentration of dense fluid in the wake decreases slightly with distance above the ground. However, for Richardson numbers above Ri≈3, the vertical variation is qualitatively different, as a dense lower layer forms in the wake and the concentration above the layer is much lower than for the lower Ri experiments. For these higher Richardson number flows, the primary mechanism by which dense fluid is flushed from the building wake is by the wake flow skimming dense fluid from the top of the lower layer and then moving it upstream toward the building’s leeward face. It is then transported up the leeward face of the building and then downstream. The results also generally show that, as the release rate of dense fluid increases, the density and thickness of the lower layer increases. The LIF measurements and a series of visualization experiments highlight the complex interaction of a dense fluid discharge with the wake structure behind a building.
Strategy Consensus of Networked Evolutionary Games Based on Network Aggregation and Pinning Control
Authors: Li Haitao , Geng Zhenping , Qin Mengyuan
Published: February 2025

The computational complexity of large-scale networked evolutionary games has become a challenging problem. Based on network aggregation and pinning control methods, this paper investigates the problem of control design for strategy consensus of large-scale networked evolutionary games. The large-size network is divided into several small subnetworks by the aggregation method, and a pinning control algorithm is proposed to achieve the strategy consensus of small subnetworks. Then, the matchable condition between the small subnetworks is realized by the input–output control. Finally, some sufficient conditions as well as an algorithm are proposed for the strategy consensus of large-scale networked evolutionary games.
Spray-Drying Microencapsulation of Grape Pomace Extracts with Alginate-Based Coatings and Bioaccessibility of Phenolic Compounds
Authors: Martinović Josipa , Ambrus Rita , Planinić Mirela , Perković Gabriela , Šelo Gordana , Klarić Ana-Marija , Bucić-Kojić Ana
Published: February 2025

Spray-drying is a common technique for the microencapsulation of bioactive compounds, which is crucial for improving their stability and bioavailability. In this study, the encapsulation efficiency (EE), physicochemical properties and in vitro bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds from spray-dried encapsulated phenol-rich extracts of grape pomace, a winery waste, were evaluated. Sodium alginate alone (SA) or in a mixture with gum Arabic (SA-GA) or gelatin (SA-GEL) was used as a coating. SA-GEL achieved the highest EE (95.90–98.01%) and outperformed the intestinal release of phenolics by achieving a bioaccessibility index (BI) for total phenolic compounds of 37.8–96.2%. The release mechanism of phenolics from the microcapsules adhered to Fickian diffusion. Encapsulation significantly improved the BI of individual phenolics, with the highest BI values for gallocatechin gallate (2028.7%), epicatechin gallate (476.4%) and o-coumaric acid (464.2%) obtained from the SA-GEL microcapsules. Structural analysis confirmed amorphous matrices in all systems, which improved solubility and stability. These results suggest that encapsulation by spray-drying effectively protects phenolics during digestion and ensures efficient release in the intestine, which improves bioaccessibility. This study contributes to the understanding of biopolymer-based encapsulation systems, but also to the valorisation of grape pomace as a high-value functional ingredient in sustainable food processing.