bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing the Performance of Different Heavy Duty Platooning Control Strategies
Authors: Bentley John William , Snitzer Philip , Stegner Evan , Bevly David M. , Hoffman Mark
Published: April 2023

Platooning is a promising technology which can mitigate greenhouse gas impacts and reduce transportation energy consumption. Platooning is a coordinated driving strategy where trucks align themselves in order to realize aerodynamic benefits to reduce required motive force. The aerodynamic benefit is seen as either a “pull” effect experienced by the following vehicles or a “push” effect experienced by the leader. The energy savings magnitude increases nonlinearly as headway (following distance) is reduced [1]. In efforts to maximize energy savings, cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) is utilized to maintain relatively short headways. However, when platooning is attempted in the real world, small transient accelerations caused by imperfect control result in observed energy savings being less than expected values.

This study analyzes the performance of a recently developed nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) platooning strategy over challenging terrain. The NMPC strategy is compared to the previous proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control scheme in terms of headway, commanded torque, and fuel rate variances along with the total fuel consumed per lap. These comparisons reveal that the NMPC based controller’s ability to optimize headway variation while considering upcoming grade disturbances reduces the harshness of commanded torque and fuel rate transients. These platoon behavior changes result in significant fuel energy consumption reductions. In all platooning configurations analyzed, the NMPC strategy consumed less fuel than the comparable PID based data. This is best exemplified by findings from platoons with increased headway spacing. When compared to PID platoon control, the NMPC produced 25.5% and 31.6% fuel consumption decreases for the final truck in four-truck platoon configurations when targeting 50 foot and 100 foot follow distances, respectively. These results suggest that the NMPC implementation minimizes extraneous acceleration events associated with rigid PID headway adherence.
Connected Automated Vehicles Path Planning and Formation Control Considering Vehicle Lateral and Longitudinal Dynamics
Authors: Zhang Yongkang , Chen Jicheng , Zhang Hui
Published: April 2023

This paper investigates the path planning and formation control problem for connected automated vehicles (CAVs) in unstructured road scenarios. A hierarchical framework that integrates path planning and vehicle dynamics control is proposed for multiple CAVs to form specific formations without lane information of the road. In the path planning layer, a virtual leader is used to guide the position and direction of the formation and the decentralized path planning algorithm for multiple CAVs is developed based on the virtual leader's information through the communication network. A spatial and temporal graph (STG) is constructed based on the virtual leader's local path and the specific formation shape. The improved A* method based on the STG is proposed to generate the coarse path for the following vehicles. Then the path is smoothed by the B-spline method. In the dynamics control layer, the model predictive control (MPC) and linear quadratic regulator (LQR) are used to track the desired point based on the vehicle lateral and longitudinal dynamics model. Simulation examples validate the efficiency of our framework.
HEV Energy Prediction Management Based on Future Road Condition
Authors: Zhao Hui Chao , Zhang Qiang , Yang Fang , Jiaming Liu , Cui Jinlong , Guo Yuanke , Huo Haitao , Zhang Qi , Song Yangyang
Published: April 2023

In order to further improve the vehicle economy of hybrid vehicles, this paper first discusses the existing hybrid energy management strategies, and analyzes the shortcomings of the existing strategies considering the actual road conditions, and points out the importance of future road condition information to energy management. Then, an energy prediction management strategy by acquiring future road condition information is proposed. The main work of this paper is centered on this strategy. This strategy is to use information about future working conditions provided by navigation and other sensing systems and predict energy consumption in future working conditions, so as to optimize the energy management strategy between engine and motor. The strategy is mainly composed of four parts: future information acquisition, future energy consumption prediction, energy management target calculation, and control target execution. Among them, future information acquisition is to obtain future road condition information through perception systems such as navigation and V2X; future energy consumption prediction is to estimate the energy demand in the future vehicle driving direction based on the future information; The energy management target calculation is to plan the energy distribution management method in advance with the goal of optimizing the economy; the control target execution is that each assembly component performs corresponding actions according to the energy distribution requirements. Finally, this paper takes the powertrain of a hybrid vehicle as the carrier, and conducts a powertrain bench test by simulating road conditions. The results show that the proposed HEV energy prediction management method based on future road condition information can realize the optimal allocation and management of energy by predicting the energy demand in the future driving direction on the basis of the existing control strategy. Ultimately, the vehicle economy can be further improved without changing driving habits.
The Potential of a Hybrid Powertrain in Fuel Consumption and Thermal Drive-Off Element Load for Drive-Off Procedures Regarding Driving Styles
Authors: He Ping , Kappes Aaron , Cui Yi , Rinderknecht Stephan
Published: April 2023

Hybrid powertrains derive fuel consumption benefits from using an electric motor. These benefits are more significant in city traffic than on the highway and depend on the vehicle and the driving style. Further detailed research on the fuel consumption of hybrid powertrains during drive-off procedures is rarely found in the literature. Therefore, this study focuses on analyzing the potential of a mild-hybrid powertrain, in which the electric motor is integrated with the transmission (P2.5 concept). The fuel consumption and thermal load in the drive-off element, a wet frictional clutch, are analyzed for a city cycle with a focus on the first drive-off procedure for different driving styles. Particular attention is paid to the influence of different driving styles on the torque demands of the electric motor. These simulations are realized with a so-called backward-forward model. The backward-facing part enables following a given driving cycle without considering a driver model. It calculates the required torque based on the driving cycle and the deviation between the target and current speed. The forward-facing part extends the simulation by dynamic effects, which are initially neglected but are very relevant for drive-off procedures. It also ensures that the limits of the drives and the actuators are not exceeded. As a control strategy, an ECMS (Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy) supplemented with a penalty costs function for a high engine torque jerk coordinates the power distribution between the internal combustion engine and the electric motor. Since the investigated powertrain is a mild hybrid, the used electrical energy in the drive-off procedure has to be recovered during further driving. This study shows that the fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine and the frictional thermal load in the clutch can be significantly reduced during drive-off procedures by shifting torque to the electric motor. Nevertheless, these potentials are limited by the maximum power of the electric motor and decrease with more sporty driving styles.
An Analysis of the Vehicle Dynamics Behind Pure Pursuit and Stanley Controllers
Authors: Gudetti Jacinth , Panchal Tanmay , Bastiaan Jennifer
Published: April 2023

As automated driving becomes more common, simulation of vehicle dynamics and control scenarios are increasingly important for investigating motion control approaches. In this work, a study of the differences between the Pure Pursuit and Stanley autonomous vehicle controllers, based on vehicle dynamics responses, is presented. Both are geometric controllers that use only immediate vehicle states, along with waypoint data, to control a vehicle’s future direction as it proceeds from point to point, and both are among the most popular lateral controllers in use today. The MATLAB Automated Driving Toolbox is employed to implement and virtually test the Pure Pursuit and Stanley lateral controllers in different driving scenarios. These include low intensity scenarios such as city driving, and emergency maneuvers such as the moose test. The situations where one controller is better than the other are analyzed and identified, with a focus on vehicle dynamics responses in terms of accuracy, comfort, and performance. Unlike previous works of similar nature, this work considers the “jerk” vector to describe the passenger experience inside the vehicle.
Predictive Model of Driver’s Perception of Vehicle Stability under Aerodynamic Excitation
Authors: Kumar Arun , Sallstrom Erik , Sebben Simone , Jacobson Bengt
Published: April 2023

In vehicle development, a subjective evaluation of the vehicle’s behavior at high speeds is usually conducted by experienced drivers with the objective of assessing driving stability. To avoid late design changes, it is desirable to predict and resolve perceived instabilities early in the development phase. In this study, a mathematical model is developed from measurements during on-road tests to predict the driver’s ability to identify vehicle instabilities under excitations such as aerodynamic excitations. A vehicle is fitted with add-ons to create aerodynamic excitations and is driven by multiple drivers on a high-speed track. Drivers’ evaluation, responses, cabin motion, and crosswind conditions are recorded. The influence of yaw and roll rates, lateral acceleration, and steering angle at various frequency ranges when predicting the drivers’ evaluation of induced excitation is demonstrated. The drivers’ evaluation of vehicle behavior is influenced by driver-vehicle interactions. Excess rotational rates, defined as the part of rotational rates that are not the result of steering action, reduce the importance of steering as a predictor and improve the accuracy of the predictive model. The present model is compared with an earlier developed model derived from data from a driving simulator under preconditioned aerodynamic excitations.
Commercial Vehicle – Development and Validation of Vehicle Dynamics Model to aid in Handling Evaluation
Authors: Obel Lukas , Edla Nitin , Pasupathi Santhosh , Bergsieker Gerald
Published: April 2023

When commercial vehicles have less than ideal lateral dynamics traveling at high speeds, those dynamics can sometimes be a significant factor in serious and fatal accidents that occur. The primary goal of this study was to create a validated vehicle dynamics model to aid in handling evaluations and a validated model that can play an important role in accurately predicting the movement of the vehicle in limit conditions. The model is used to simulate the effect on roll gradient by altering spring stiffnesses and adding a rear stabilizer for a class 6 or class 7 commercial vehicle (CV). Outputs from 4-post Kinematics & Compliance (K&C) tests of a prototype vehicle were used to model the suspension system. The tire model was developed in collaboration with Calspan [1] using physical tire testing. The vehicle masses, inertias and stiffnesses were modelled using IPG TruckMaker for Simulink (TM4SL) [2]. A constant radius turn maneuver was simulated using TM4SL, and MATLAB [3] was used for batch processing of simulation results. Simulation results were then compared to field test results to correlate the model. Once a successful correlation was achieved spring and stabilizer bar stiffness could be altered within IPG and their effects on vehicle handling could be analyzed.
Interconnected Roll Stability Control System for Semitrucks with Double Trailers
Authors: Zheng Xiaohan , Chen Yang , Ahmadian Mehdi
Published: April 2023

This paper provides a simulation analysis of a novel interconnected roll stability control (RSC) system for improving the roll stability of semitrucks with double trailers. Different from conventional RSC systems where each trailer’s RSC module operates independently, the studied interconnected RSC system allows the two trailers’ RSC systems to communicate with each other. As such, if one trailer’s RSC activates, the other one is also activated to assist in further scrubbing speed or intervening sooner. Simulations are performed using a multi-body vehicle dynamics model that is developed in TruckSim® and coupled with the RSC model established in Simulink®. The dynamic model is validated using track test data. The simulation results for a ramp steer maneuver (RSM) and sine-with-dwell (SWD) maneuver indicate that the proposed RSC system reduces lateral acceleration and rollover index for both trailers, decreasing the likelihood of wheel tip-up and vehicle rollover. Specifically, the study indicates that the interconnected RSC system improves the trailer’s roll stability by an additional 6% in RSM and 16% in SWD. The rollover threshold is increased by 1 mph in RSM and by 10% in SWD.
Refinements of the Dynamic Inversion Part of Hierarchical 4WIS/4WID Trajectory Tracking Controllers
Authors: Yu Yunchang , Li Runfeng , Ji Wenfei , Lu Ziwang , Tian Guangyu
Published: April 2023

To tackle the over-actuated and highly nonlinear characteristics that four-wheel-independent-steering and four-wheel-independent -driving (4WIS/4WID) vehicles exhibit when tracking aggressive trajectory, a hierarchical controller with layers of computation-intensive modules is commonly adopted. The high-level linear motion controller commands the desired state derivatives of the vehicle to meet the overall trajectory tracking objectives. Then the system dynamic is inversed by the mid-level control allocation layer and the low-level wheel control layer to map the target state derivatives to steering angle and motor torque commands. However, this type of controller is difficult to implement on the embedded hardware onboard since the nonlinear dynamic inversion is typically solved by nonlinear programming. This article refines the dynamic inversion part of current hierarchical trajectory tracking controller for 4WIS/4WID vehicles with consideration of the nonlinear tyre/vehicle dynamics and of computational complexity. First, the mid-level control allocation layer distributes target resultant forces to each tyre via the less computationally troublesome direct allocation method. The current method to determine the attainable generalised force subset (AFS) in direct allocation cannot incorporate the tyre friction circle constraints, leading to an inaccurate AFS. The inaccuracy of AFS will either introduce inversion error or fail to return controls for theoretically-attainable generalised force. Hence, a means of determining the refined AFS, which considers the actual tyre force limits and uses polygons to approximate tyre friction circles, is designed. Second, the low-level wheel control layer steers and drives the wheel to achieve the target tyre forces. An iterative method with proofed convergence is proposed to inverse the nonlinear tyre model. The effectiveness of the refinements is validated by Carsim and MATLAB/Simulink co-simulation. Simulation results demonstrate that the vehicle can well follow an obstacle avoidance trajectory. Comparisons with the direct allocation using the AFS determined by the current method are made. The refined AFS we proposed can not only enlarge the envelope of vehicle controllability, but also preserve the desired direction of the generalised force vector if it is beyond the vehicle’s capability, highlighting the importance of accounting for the nonlinearities we considered during the design.
Real-Time Transfer Case 4WD Control Development to Improve Vehicle Coasting Stability
Authors: Liu Yuanzhi , Cui Jinlong , Xu Zhan , Zhang Qiang , Hui Zhouze , Zhao Yang , Liu Xing , Li Jing , Hong Jiang , Yuanjun Lu
Published: April 2023

The real-time transfer case installed on the four-wheel drive vehicle with a longitudinally mounted engine, can distribute not only the engine drive torque, but also the engine drag torque between the front and rear axles, to improve vehicle traction and stability performance. When under vehicle coasting condition, the engine drag torque may cause vehicle rear wheel slippage on low friction adhesion road, which causes a vehicle to be unstable and spin in. Although the current engine Drag Torque Control technology has the ability to reduce rear wheel longitudinal slippage by engine torque control, but the control effect is poor, the wheel slip ratio is large and the slipping duration is long, the vehicle still has the tendency to spin in. This paper proposed a new transfer case coasting control strategy to avoid this problem. Through the pre-load control based on vehicle coasting characteristics and closed-loop feedback control based on rear axle slip state, the rapid dynamic distribution of engine drag torque between the front and rear axle is realized to avoid single axle slippage and improve vehicle coasting stability. Through test vehicle verification, the proposed control strategy could significantly improve vehicle coasting deceleration and stability performance.
Modeling Method and Effect of Seat Cover on the Simulation of Interface Pressure
Authors: Zhang Tianming , Ren Jindong , Qi Shimin
Published: April 2023

It is generally considered that the material properties of foam are the most important factors in vehicle seat, which affect the human-seat interface pressure. Therefore, only the role of foam is usually considered when the finite element method is used to simulate the human-seat interface pressure. In this paper, the mechanical properties and the modeling method of commonly used seat cover material were studied. The models of the seat with and without cover were established respectively according to the real-vehicle seat geometric data, and the human-seat interface pressure was simulated after the seat and human model consisting of bones, soft tissue and skin were assembled. The simulation result was compared with the actual measurement results from test, which verified the accuracy of the simulation and the role of seat cover in the human-seat interface pressure simulation. The comparison showed that the surface stiffness of the seat was greatly affected by the seat cover, which further affected the deformation and interaction caused by the contact between seat and human body, the interface pressure distribution and even the driver's sitting posture in the simulation. It was concluded that the effect of seat cover should not be easily ignored. The simulation method described in this paper can also predict the human-seat interface pressure distribution more accurately and quickly at the early stage of design, and can be used for functional verification or comfort evaluation.
Ride Comfort Analysis of Seated Occupants Based on an Integrated Vehicle-Human Dynamic Model
Authors: Wu Jianfeng , Zhang Lijun , Meng Dejian
Published: April 2023

Low-frequency vibration caused by road roughness while driving is transmitted to the human body through tires, suspension, and seats. Prolonged exposure of the human body to the vibratory environment will have an impact on ride comfort or even health issues. In order to investigate the vibration response of various segments of occupants while driving, a 15-DOF multi-body dynamic model depicting the shanks with feet, thighs, pelvis, torso with arms, and the head of occupants is established in the two-dimensional sagittal plane, which considers the contact between the occupant and the cushion, backrest headrest, and the vehicle floor simultaneously. The biodynamic parameters are obtained by fitting the published vibration experimental data based on an optimization algorithm. The previously proposed half-car model is incorporated into the human model to construct an integrated vehicle-human model for further ride comfort analysis. The bump road and the random road are respectively adopted as the displacement excitation of the model to simulate the vibration response of each segment of occupants. The contact stiffness and damping between the human body and seats are modified and a sensitivity analysis is performed to explore the influence of various seat parameters on ride comfort. By changing the speed of the vehicle, we investigate the discrepancies in ride comfort on a given road at different speeds. This study reveals the vibration characteristics of seated occupants, vehicles, and the integrated vehicle-human system, based on which a method for evaluating the ride comfort of occupants is established.
ECU-Less: State of the Art
Authors: Cadenas Ignacio , Matha Paul-Henri
Published: April 2023

Most OEMs are shifting their strategy and way of thinking regarding ECUs. This, in combination with the electrification of vehicles and the shift towards software-based companies (car as a device), implies one of the biggest paradigm changes in automotive history.

On the other hand, despite the current struggles, remarkable advances have been made in electronic technology during the past few years. These developments have opened a door to very promising enabling technology, with exterior lighting as a main target market. These circumstances seem to have created a perfect storm leading to new strategies for electronic control and driving for (front and rear) exterior lighting.

We, at our company, have investigated the enabling technology, challenges, and benefits of this emerging exterior lighting approach, that we call ‘ECU-Less’. If proven correct, this approach could allow future applications to get rid of any computational power located in the lamps, in favor of a more centralized, and OEM-controlled, ECUs and software.

It is, from our point of view, of great interest to the complete automotive community to be aware and discover the potential of such an approach as, if we all manage to implement it correctly, it would benefit every stakeholder in the industry.
Using Visual Performance Modeling to Assess the Safety Consequences of Headlight Evaluation Systems
Authors: Bullough John D.
Published: April 2023

As new headlight technologies begin to take hold in vehicular forward lighting systems and they become more commonplace on vehicles, new frameworks for evaluating the performance of these systems are being developed and promulgated. The objective of each of these systems is the same, namely, improving safety by ensuring that vehicle lighting provides sufficient visibility for drivers without negative impacts such as glare. Recent research has shown the direct link between improved driver visibility and reduced nighttime crashes. To the extent that headlight evaluation systems can be compared using visual performance modeling approaches, it should be possible to relate improved visibility from high-performing headlight systems to the potential for reduced nighttime crashes. In the present paper we demonstrate how visual performance modeling in conjunction with vehicle headlight evaluations can lead to predictions of improved safety and ultimately, beneficial economic impacts to society.
Vehicle Class Based Validation Program for Electrified Powertrain Vibration Testing
Authors: Leighton Michael
Published: April 2023

Vibration testing is common in automotive industry validation and gains greater significance with increasing numbers of electrical components, which are particularly suspectable to vibration related failures. While the nature and intention of vibration testing is common, many contradicting testing standards claim to be a one-size-fits-all solution, leading to questions of which standard is correct for any specific application. This is compounded by the vast variation in vehicle types and applications (suspension systems, dampers, powertrain mass, tire radius, intended usage, etc.)

This paper seeks to offer and demonstrate a method to determine characteristic vibration profiles, based on vehicle classes, and illuminate the process to accelerate these to an appropriate test profile. This can either be used to directly validate a system or to support the selection of the most appropriate vibration profile from options within standards. By isolating the contributions from usage tracks, a modular test can be built to the application and scaled for reliability targets. This allows a simple process to guide the selection of a profile for an application without perilous over-testing.

Tailoring of the test to the specific application allow the design and development process to be streamlined and focused on what matters to keeping a product competitive (such as vehicle range or production cost) instead of over-engineering the system to meet uncertain targets.
New Developments in Smart Materials (WCS and CNTs) for Precision Engineering Metrology
Authors: Ali Salah H.R.
Published: April 2023

Nowadays, research progress in smart material technology plays an important role in precision engineering industries to improve the quality of life. The development of natural materials using new treatment methods and accurate characterization technology in micr- and nano-scale have revealed thin layers from wood or carbon, such as Wood Carbon Sponge (WCS) along with discovery Carbon Nano Tubes (CNTs). Therefore, it became clear that there is a big challenge to prove the strength and durability of WCS and CNTs as smart materials to reach innovative use. This paper summarizes the possibility of using advanced engineering and surface technologies to make the most of the natural and acquired potential of smart functional materials. Laboratory experiments have demonstrated that the smart thin layers materials add new features such as elasticity strength retention that can be useful in developing engineering metrology systems to improve their precision. In addition, certain types of wood have been used successfully in many applications such as the manufacture of 3D simulation models of mechanical systems to study their dynamic behaviors with outstanding performance. Eventually, new directions under development in this interesting area are proposed to provide solutions for important issues in the future of mechanical engineering metrology and quality control systems that always need scientific treatments to the benefit of the automotive industries.
Study on Arrangement of TIG Weld Seams of 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Li Runxin , Liu Yong
Published: April 2023

Welding deformation of aluminum alloy is an urgent problem to be solved, it affects the performance and service life of welding products. In this research, in order to compute welding deformation and residual stress, a finite element model of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy was established. The efficiency and the accuracy of the welding residual stress calculation and the welding deformation were significantly improved. By comparing the temperature field and the displacement field of simulation and experiment, the finite element model was validated. Through finite element analysis, Heat input and welding times have important effects on welding deformation and residual stress was found. The welding deformation law and the residual stress distribution law were proposed, after cooling of the welding seams, the plates collapsed to the other side of the heat source along the vertical direction, the welding deformation tendency was heightened by double-sided welding. The relationship between welding deformation and residual stress was found, when one increases, the other decreases. Large deformations are caused by the large heat input of the plate, and the large residual stress is caused by the increase in the number of arc starting and arc endings. According to the proposed welding deformation law and residual stress distribution law, a welding seam arrangement method for double-sided segmented welding was proposed, which could reduce welding deformation by 42%, compared with the commonly used welding seam arrangement. The work of this paper can provide experience for the design of arrangement of aluminum alloy weld seams, so as to reduce the welding deformation and improve the qualified rate of products.
Assessing the National Off-Cycle Benefits of 2-Layer HVAC Technology Using Dynamometer Testing and a National Simulation Framework
Authors: Baker Chad Allan , Moniot Matthew , Borlaug Brennan , Lustbader Jason , Akhtar Saad , Jehlik Forrest , Agnew Scott , Lee Jason , Lee Insu , Ha Jinho
Published: April 2023

Some CO2-reducing technologies have real-world benefits not captured by regulatory testing methods. This paper documents a two-layer heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system that facilitates faster engine warmup through strategic increased air recirculation. The performance of this technology was assessed on a 2020 Hyundai Sonata. Empirical performance of the technology was obtained through dynamometer tests at Argonne National Laboratory. Performance of the vehicle across multiple cycles and cell ambient temperatures with the two-layer technology active and inactive indicated fuel consumption reduction in nearly all cases. A thermally sensitive powertrain model, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s FASTSim Hot, was calibrated and validated against vehicle testing data. The developed model included the engine, cabin, and HVAC system controls. Validation of component thermal models and engine efficiency ensured accurate thermal dynamics, fuel consumption, and two-layer benefit. The real-world benefit of the two-layer technology was calculated by simulating the validated powertrain model across a representative test matrix comparing performance with and without the two-layer system. Simulation across the test matrix revealed a real-world representative benefit of 0.0835%. Analysis of test matrix results at the regional level revealed the most benefit in cold climates and rural regions. Mean results across cycle length sensitivity simulations revealed a larger real-world benefit of 0.0872%. These benefit values can be considered a more accurate assessment of real-world technology performance. Future work is planned to explore the requisite number of drive cycles to ensure the full technology benefit is captured.
Analysis of Techniques to Improve Sustainable Performance of Gas-Turbine Based Combined Cycle System
Authors: Sahu Sabyasachi , Thatoi Dhirendranath , Mohapatra Alok
Published: April 2023

In the present paper the environmental impact of a gas-steam combined cycle, in terms of CO2 emissions has been supplemented with the energetic analysis of the cycle. The gas turbine based triple-pressure reheat combined cycle incorporates, vapor compression inlet air cooling and air-film turbine blade cooling, to study the improvement in plant performance and sustainability. A parametric study of the effect of compressor pressure ratio (rp,c), compressor inlet temperature (CIT), turbine inlet temperature (TIT), inlet temperature ratio (rIT), ambient relative humidity and ambient temperature on performance and sustainability has been carried out. The integration of inlet air cooling and gas turbine blade cooling results in a significant reduction in CO2 emission per unit plant output. The integration of vapor compression inlet air cooling to gas turbine based combined cycle, has been observed to improve the specific work by more than 10 %. The plant efficiency increases significantly with increase in TIT. For all values of TIT, there exists an optimum rp,c at which the plant efficiency is maximum. The cost of environmental impact due to CO2 emission reduces with increase in TIT and decrease in CIT.
IDENTITY AND COOPERATIVE COMPETITIVENESS THROUGH THE ICA GRID MODEL APPROACH (Study on Cooperative of Cattle Farming)
Authors: Irawan Dandan
Published: April 2023

Cooperatives as a business entity are expected to have a competitive advantage compared to other business entities, thereby providing optimal service to members. In running this business, cooperatives are companies and organizations, so in carrying out their activities they consistently carry out a cooperative identity. For this reason, this study was conducted to find out how the competitive advantages of cooperatives consistently carry out cooperative identity by using the ICA Grid instrument.  This research is a case study and was held in Koperasi Pertenak Sapi Bandung Selatan (The Cooperative of Cattle Farmer in South of Bandung)  that cooperatives must have a greater role in their business activities.
DIFFERENCES IN BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS BEFORE AND AFTER MORNING AND AFTERNOON WALK IN TYPE II DIABETES MELITUS PATIENTS AT BABAKANSARI PUSKESMAS
Authors: Rahayu Sri Mulyati , Yeti Eneng , Muliani Rizki
Published: April 2023

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable disease which causes an increase in blood sugar levels and is at risk of causing disease complications. Walking is done to increase the sensitivity of insulin receptors. Blood vessels in the afternoon are more vasodilated than in the morning due to the effects of circadian rhythms which affect hormone action. This study aims to determine the difference in the average value of blood sugar levels before and after walking in the morning and afternoon in patients with type II DM. The research design used was a preexperiment with a pretest-posttest two group design approach. The sample of 20 respondents who are divided into 2 groups, namely the morning group of 10 people and the afternoon group of 10 people, with purposive sampling. The results of this study showed that the amount of decrease in blood sugar levels in the morning group was 31.6 mg/dL and the amount of decrease in blood sugar levels in the afternoon group was 43.5 mg/dL. The results of statistical tests in the morning group obtained a value of p = 0.007 (p <0.05) and in the afternoon group obtained a value of p = 0.005 (p <0.05). The results showed that the afternoon group was more effective in reducing average blood glucose levels as a result of vasodilatation of blood vessels which is influenced by circadian rhythms compared to the morning group, so it can be concluded that there are differences in blood sugar levels before and after walking in the morning and in the afternoon in patients with type II DM. Therefore it is advisable to walk, especially in the afternoon which can lower blood sugar levels more for type II DM sufferers in an effort to control blood sugar levels.
Training future educators to develop ecological knowledge of preschool and school children
Authors: Ivanchuk Sabina , Moshura Valeriia , Zelenin Vsevolod
Published: April 2023

In the article, the basic principles of training future educators and teachers in the field of environmental education are discussed. Such a process requires mastering a set of innovative pedagogical knowledge on ecology to be aware of them in the future and integrate such knowledge into the profession of a teacher. This determined the relevance of the topic of this study. The article aims to determine the results of the effectiveness of the introduction of disciplines that increase the level of environmental knowledge and introduce innovative pedagogical methods in this area. It is equally important to determine the assessment of the usefulness of introducing new disciplines on methods of teaching environmental knowledge among students (attitude to innovations, anxious use of innovations, external barriers to the integration of innovations into pedagogical practice, readiness to use innovative pedagogical knowledge). A comprehensive approach to methodology was used in the study. The main method in the work is the method of pedagogical experiment. Moreover, descriptive, statistical, and theoretical methods are also applied. The methods of questionnaires and observation were employed to diagnose the effectiveness of innovative research, according to preschool teachers. The main hypothesis is the assumption that innovative environmental knowledge courses and self-education activities contribute to the competence and quality of teacher training significantly and provide for their integration into the work of school and preschool education. The result of this study is evidence that teacher training programs and new pedagogical methods related to innovations in ecological education affect the ability to operate with new methods and modern knowledge in future professional practice. A further prospect is the development and implementation of effective methods for introducing innovative pedagogical knowledge into the training of teachers in the field of preschool and school education.
Psychological well-being of a pedagogue in the conditions of war
Authors: Bolotnikova Inga , Kucherhan Yelyzaveta , Vyshnyk Olha , Shyrobokov Yurii , Dzykovych Olha
Published: April 2023

The research is aimed at analyzing the process of forming an educator's psychological well-being in wartime, its consequences, and the peculiarities of interaction. During the study, scientific methods were utilized to examine psychological well-being and its role as a crucial component in creating a positive psychological atmosphere within educational teams. The article highlights the significance of scientific approaches towards shaping the concept of psychological well-being. It explores the use of a pedagogue's personal psychological well-being in wartime as a means of stabilizing the social sphere and disseminating the quality of such a policy to achieve a strategic victory while countering the information and psychological attacks of the aggressor country. The study's outcomes have the potential to enhance the ability to respond to external stimuli, leveraging emotional resources to mitigate stress and enhance the quality of the educational process.
Modern technologies for forming intercultural competence in students of HEIs in the process of professional training
Authors: Shekhavtsova Svitlana , Koknova Tetiana , Zhovtani Ruslana , Iaburova Olena , Yunina Olha , Komlyk Nataliia
Published: April 2023

The research examines theoretical and methodological approaches to the development of intercultural competence among higher education students, and how it varies due to changes in the digital environment. Attention is given to interactive methods for improving intercultural competence as a source of everyday and professional discourse formation, and enhancing communication skills among students. The k ey principles for stimulating the development and use of technologies in building intercultural competence in higher education institutions' practices are highlighted. The study's findings can be beneficial for future professionals and can be applied in universities' practices when organizing the educational process or educational programs aimed at training future specialists.
Introduction of interactive teaching methods in modern schools
Authors: Bilyk Viktoriia , Banak Roman , Bardadym Oleh , Sokal Mariia , Anichkina Olena
Published: April 2023

Modern society puts forward new challenges for education, one of which is training people who are able to express critical opinions, find a way of communication in a new territory, who effectively establish new connections in a fast-moving reality. Intension, activity, independence, creativity, the ability to adapt to rapid changes – these personality traits are becoming the most important at the current stage of developing literature, and their formation requires using new approaches to the process of teaching literacy. Therefore, the purpose of the academic paper is to clarify the development of using innovative, non-standard, as well as critical thinking methods of teaching and learning at modern schools. In the course of the research, the following methods were used and applied, namely: analysis, synthesis, generalization, explanation and qualification of data. By the way, such outstanding modern and foreign scientists as O. Pometun, L. Pyrozhenko, as well as V. Bespalko, V. Monakhova paid particular attention to studying the issue of interactive learning methods and made a significant contribution in this direction. They explain innovations in education as an opportunity for interaction, being in the mode of conversation, dialogue, action. Moreover, their studies show that interactive learning makes it possible to significantly increase the percentage of learning the material, as it affects not only the student’s consciousness but also his feelings. The development of interactive learning elements can be found in the scientific works of V. Sukhomlynskyi, the works of innovative teachers of the 70-80s (V. Shatalov, E. Ilyin, S. Lysenkova, Sh. Amonashvili, etc.), the theory of developmental learning.
Informatization and digitization of the educational process in higher education: main directions, challenges of the time
Authors: Sikora Yaroslava , Skorobahatska Oksana , Lykhodieieva Hanna , Maksymenko Anatolii , Tsekhmister Yaroslav
Published: April 2023

The relevance of the study is due to the need to rethink the educational paradigm in a rapidly developing digital environment. Given the creation of new information and digital learning technologies, scientific paradigms are changing towards the formation of an innovative educational infrastructure of HEIs. The article aims to investigate the main directions of the challenges of implementing informatization and digitalization in order to form an ecosystem of an innovative educational environment. The article is based on the use of methods of theoretical pedagogical research: analysis, synthesis, induction, and deduction. The study of scientific literature showed that, despite the large number of scientific papers covering the issues of informatization and digitalization, the question of the need to bring modern educational standards to the realities of a digital society still remains unresolved. The results of the study were the actualization of the main challenges and directions of implementation of informatization and digitalization of higher education in order to improve its efficiency in the modern conditions of development of society. Practical significance: the study of the features of the practical implementation of the tools of the digital educational environment and the disclosure of their benefits.
Higher pedagogical education in the European Union: Innovative technologies
Authors: Cherusheva Galyna , Nowak Barbara , Maksymenko Anatolii , Kabysh Maryna , Vakerych Mykhailo
Published: April 2023

Higher teacher education in European countries has undergone a remarkable transformation due to the constant convergence of educational systems and institutions of higher education in Western Europe. The aim of the article is to analyze the experience of using innovative technologies in higher pedagogical education in the European Union countries. Methods of analysis and synthesis, prediction, comparison, and abstraction were used to realize this main task. The results traced the main innovative technologies popular in European pedagogical universities. The effectiveness of interactive learning, modular education system, technology of level differentiation, methods of learning through research (use of the project method), E-learning, and deep use of digital platforms, which contributes to the formation of theoretical and practical knowledge, development of critical thinking and creative potential in higher education applicants is demonstrated. It is pointed out that e-learning based on university platforms allows users to actively participate in various international educational projects, creatively interact with other users and even create new content. Several European universities (from France, Germany, Austria, and other countries) have merged their e-learning platforms into one professional global service called web2.0. Important directions for the further development of teacher education will be heutagogy, peeragogy, or paragogy and cybergogy. The conclusions stressed the importance of further integration of digital innovative methods to teaching pedagogical disciplines.
The educational crisis in today's information and digital society
Authors: Yemelyanova Olena , Bakhmat Nataliia , Huda Oksana , Shvets Tetiana , Boichuk Alla
Published: April 2023

The aim of the study is to analyze the traditional education crisis and highlight the benefits and opportunities of digitalizing educational activities. The main methodology applied in this research is a review of current literature, as well as the experiences of teachers and students. The results show that the development of modern information and digital technologies, and their widespread use worldwide, significantly affect the production of goods and services, scientific work, educational processes, cultural traditions, and social relations. The obtained results underscore the fundamental basis of the educational crisis issue in the information-digital society and distance education research in particular. The need to transform the educational industry by incorporating Internet technologies into the educational process represents a significant challenge for educators, especially in terms of overcoming the educational crisis caused by the urgent need to transition to distance learning. Under the influence of the latest digital technologies, significant configuration processes are observed in public development of a global nature.
Innovative systems of Ukrainian education in the context of globalization: philosophical content of categories
Authors: Sas Nataliia , Didenko Nataliia , Sira Larysa , Mokan Natalia , Vakerych Mykhailo
Published: April 2023

Modern globalization processes have a powerful influence on innovative trends in the educational sector. The purpose of the article is to analyze the philosophical content of the categories of innovative Ukrainian education systems in the context of globalization. To carry out the research, primarily theoretical methods were used, in particular, analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, and the method of abstraction. The results consider the issue of the general context of the modern use of innovative methods in the Ukrainian educational sector. It has been demonstrated that innovative education has connections with philosophical ideas and views. It is aimed at the development of critical thinking and creativity among students of higher education, as well as at the use of modern technologies and innovative teaching methods. One of the fundamental principles of modern innovative education is the individualization of education, that is, the actualization of individual educational opportunities in the student environment, according to the level and individual needs of each student. The philosophical dimensions of innovations in the educational system of Ukraine were also studied. In the conclusions, the main attention is paid to the importance of opportunities for solving the main actual contradictions, their use through the prism of approbative methods.