bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated Data Architecture for Business
Authors: Kumaradjaja Richard
Published: August 2018

This chapter describes data integration issues in big data analytics and proposes an integrated data integration framework for big data analytics. The main focus of this chapter is to address the issues of data integration from the architectural point of view. Addressing the issues of data integration from the architectural point of view will lead to a better understanding of the current situation and better construction of proposed solutions to those issues since architectural approach can give us a holistic and comprehensive view of the problems. The chapter also discusses future research directions of the proposed integrated data architecture framework.
Big Data, Knowledge, and Business Intelligence
Authors: Erickson G. Scott , Rothberg Helen N.
Published: August 2018

Knowledge management (KM), intellectual capital (IC), and competitive intelligence are distinct yet related fields that have endured and grown over the past two decades. KM and IC have always differentiated between the terms and concepts of data, information, knowledge, and wisdom/intelligence, suggesting value only comes from the more developed end of the range (knowledge and intelligence). But the advent of big data/business analytics has created new interest in the potential of data and information, by themselves, to create competitive advantage. This new attention provides opportunities for some exchange with more established theory. Big data gives direction for reinvigorating the more mature fields, providing new sources of inputs and new potential for analysis and use. Alternatively, big data/business analytics applications will undoubtedly run into common questions from KM/IC on appropriate tools and techniques for different environments, the best methods for handling the people issues of system adoption and use, and data/intelligence security.
Business Intelligence
Authors: Herschel Richard T.
Published: August 2018

Big data is driving new forms of competition, new waves of productivity growth, innovation, and providing unique ways to interact with customers. Big data is comprised of a wealth of unstructured data that is being transmitted and captured by organizations to enhance business intelligence efforts. The forms that big data takes include text, video, voice, location data, social media, and its growth is exponential. Big data encompasses multiple dimensions, including volume, variety, velocity, veracity, variability, and complexity. Despite the opportunities that big data presents, organizations are having difficulty managing it, especially in the areas of data management and data governance. Executive involvement is critical to ensuring quality data for business intelligence as well as to ensure that their firms will be able to attract the necessary talent to effectively engage in BI analytics. It is recommended that management take a common-sense approach to dealing with big data to ensure that data-driven decision making is not compromised.
Improving Competitiveness Through Organizational Market Intelligence
Authors: Jamil George Leal , Dos Santos Leandro Rocha , Jamil Cecília C.
Published: August 2018

Market intelligence (MI) is a concept that results in real opportunities for knowledge management in organizations. MI is a cyclic process to deliver knowledge for strategic marketing decisions, considering typical organizations of a defined sector as its final users. As organizations must not react to external factors or phenomena, but must also try to lead their sector proposing and executing innovative plans and differential strategic positioning, MI is a modern and cooperative approach that can produce consistent bases for such planning abilities. It is an organizational continuum to answer typical decision problems faced by firms when competing in actual business environments. This chapter details the MI concept, working from theoretical point of view, and adds a practical approach on studying real cases of its potential applications. As MI is a multidisciplinary context, its conceptualization also provokes perspectives for research from other scientific fields, as information science, systems and management, computing science, human resources management, strategy, marketing.
Preferences, Utility, and Stochastic Approximation
Authors: Pavlov Yuri P. , Andreev Rumen D.
Published: August 2018

A complex system with human participation like “human-process” is characterized with active assistance of the human in the determination of its objective and in decision-taking during its development. The construction of a mathematically grounded model of such a system is faced with the problem of shortage of mathematically precise information that presents the human activity. A solution of this problem is to seek expression of different aspects of the complex system through description of the expert's preferences as an element of the system. The presentation of human preferences analytically with utility functions is an approach for their mathematical description. The objective of the chapter is to present an innovative approach to value-driven modeling of management based on preference-oriented decision making. A decision technology that realizes measurement of human's preferences as an analytic utility function is described. The utility theory and stochastic approximation are possible solutions for this problem that results in a value-based approach to modeling of complex systems.
Rough-Set-Based Decision Model for Incomplete Information Systems
Authors: Turgay Safiye , Torkul Orhan , Turgay Tahsin
Published: August 2018

Databases use the data and evaluate managerial decisions in the process of data mining, and it has become imperative that we give the name of the emergence of the field. The rough set is a concept derived from the fuzzy logic approach to carry out the analysis of structures with uncertain data mining techniques. The decision will be developed in conjunction with computerized decision support model, giving more efficient automation systems with cuckoo search algorithm that are targeted. The suggested decision support system covers the inputs, user knowledge and expertise, outputs, and decision components. In addition, data access, interactive mode, adaptability, and flexible mode provides solutions and decision-making process for certain and uncertain data with suggested rough-set-based algorithm structure.
Becoming Smart, Innovative, and Socially Responsible in Supply Chain Collaboration
Authors: Akyuz Goknur Arzu , Gursoy Guner
Published: August 2018

Collaboration is one of the key themes defining the competitive advantage of supply chains (SCs). In the web-based global business arena witnessing Industry 4.0, collaboration across SC partners has to be smart, innovative, and socially responsible to form value-creating networks. After exploring various concepts related with SC collaboration, this chapter proposes a conceptual maturity model for SC collaboration in increasing levels of integrity and collaboration scope. The model is unique in establishing a standardized conceptual base; providing a systematic, process-oriented, and holistic view for multi-partner SC maturity; offering precise mapping of SC processes onto stages with full process coverage; extending CPFR model; defining maturity stages for advanced, strategic collaboration types (like collaborative performance and risk management, collaborative systems assurance and development, collaborative innovation); explicitly incorporating smartness, innovation, and social responsibility concepts; and treating relatively recent terminology such as “virtual networks” and “coalescence.”
An Integrated Approach to Supply Chain Simulation
Authors: Stefanovic Nenad , Radenkovic Bozidar
Published: August 2018

Simulation can be a valuable tool for supply chain analysis, planning, optimization, evaluation, and risk management. Computer simulation and simulation models can be used to model intricate supply chains close to real systems, execute those models, and observe system behavior. This chapter deals with supply chain modeling and simulation. It starts with a rationale for supply chain simulation, its advantages and benefits. The chapter gives a systematic background research and literature overview related to supply chain simulation with insights into the main simulation approaches and methods. Next, supply chain modeling and simulation methodology are described. It introduces a supply chain metamodel that enables modeling of both supply chain structure and dynamics. The main components like model database, process library, knowledge base, and execution engine are also described. The examples of various simulation scenarios are presented. Finally, the chapter gives the main future research directions and concludes with a brief discussion of supply chain simulation importance and applications.
Measuring Low Carbon Supply Chain
Authors: Shaharudin Muhammad Shabir , Fernando Yudi
Published: August 2018

The threat of climate change is due to increasing carbon emissions of manufacturing production and transportation. Currently, government is encouraging manufacturing to reduce carbon emission and conduct low carbon supply chain management (LCSCM). In order to solve the greenhouse gas emission dilemma, LCSCM is essential for manufacturing firms' stakeholders. Supply chain partners are expected to know the proper measurement of emissions to solve this problem. This chapter's aim is to review literature on how to measure LCSCM. In the past, the concept of green supply chain management (GSCM) was practiced to promote and reduce environmental risks. However, GSCM is a driver or practice to achieve environmental outcomes. The extended model of GSCM currently practices LCSCM through carbon footprint (CF) concept. In other words, LCSCM is an outcome that both interests researchers and persuades practitioners.
A Review of Advances in Supply Chain Intelligence
Authors: Stefanovic Nenad , Milosevic Danijela
Published: August 2018

Supply chain intelligence (SCI) is a relatively new initiative that provides the capability to improve business performance by utilizing sophisticated analytical tools and collaborative decision making. SCI takes a broader, multidimensional view of supply chain in which, using patterns and rules, meaningful information about the data can be discovered. In this chapter, the drivers for the implementation of the business intelligence and performance measurement systems are discussed. Review of the most important literature and research findings provides a condensed view of the existing state of the art. Furthermore, the integrated supply chain intelligence system that enables creation of pervasive analytical systems for collaborative planning, monitoring, and management of the supply network is described. The SCI system is robust and cloud-based, capable of handling big data analytical tasks. Its flexible and multi-layered architecture enables creation of adaptive supply chain intelligence systems by composing various analytical software components, services, and tools.
Samsung Company and an Analysis of Supplier-Side Supply Chain Management and IT Applications
Authors: Smith-Ditizio Amber A. , Smith Alan D.
Published: August 2018

This chapter details the growth of Samsung Electronics Company in its innovative use of automatic identification and data capture technologies in managing supply chain relationships meet goals of operational efficiency and profitably. Through a combination of web and business literature sources and personal interviews, documentation of the company's successfully implemented supply chain management (SCM) applications as well as technological advancements and development are found in the chapter. SCM systems and IT applications documented at Samsung are designed to help provide assistance to other companies dealing with similar issues.
Experimental Study Pertaining to Microwave Sintering (MWS) of Al-Metal Matrix Composite - A Review
Authors: Singh Harpreet , Jain Pramod K. , Bhoi Neeraj , Pratap Saurabh
Published: August 2018

Aluminum metal matrix composites (Al-MMCs) is a one of the most demanding engineering material due to the combination of their light weight, excellent mechanical and tribological properties. To enhance the promising advantages of Al-MMCs, microwave sintering (MWS) is an ideal and emerging technique. The unique advantages of MWS of MMCs are ascribed to the size and distribution of the reinforcement, as well as to the grain size of the matrix along with uniform and efficient heating. The objective of this comprehensive review was to highlight the viability of sintering Al-MMC in a microwave oven, and compare the material characteristics of those with similar materials sintered in a conventional furnace.
Application of Smart Material in Block Calorimeters Experiment
Authors: Suryantari Risti , Flaviana
Published: August 2018

A Smart material can adapt to the external influences such as pressure, temperature, humidity, pH, electric or magnetic fields, an example is liquid crystal. Liquid crystal materials also can be applied for thermal mapping such as thermochromic liquid crystals (TLC) sheet. TLC sheet has a good response to the temperature changes which is shown by color play. This special characteristic of TLC can be used to explain some theoretical aspects of heat transfer on metals. The metals surface images during heating will be processed by converting the RGB images to the HSV images and then applied an edge detection method on hue images. From the thermal visualization, it can be shown that the largest heat exchange to the environment occurs at metal edges, so it is necessary to apply the heat insulator during the process of collecting data in block calorimeter experiments. The brass metal has the highest heat transfer rate, followed by copper and brass. It corresponds to the specific heat (c) of metals whichcsteel>ccopper>cbrass. Furthermore, it can be shown that since the heat starts to be evenly distributed until 300 seconds, the increasing of metals temperature is obtained ∆Tsteel<∆Tcopper<∆Tbrassand the increasing of mean hue (∆mean-hue) are obtained ∆mean-hue(steel)<∆mean-hue(copper)<∆mean-hue(brass). This result can be used to explain that in block calorimeter experiments, the measurement should be carried out after several minutes to obtain the even heat distribution across the entire metal surface.
Modelling and Analysis of Thermomechanical Behaviour in Composite Bimorph Actuator
Authors: Shivashankar Hiremath , Kulkarni S.M.
Published: August 2018

This paper presents study of a thermomechanical bimorph actuator, constituted by layers of polymer composite material. The proposed bimorph consists of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and carbon black-polydimethylsiloxane (CB-PDMS) polymer composite layered structure. The thermomechanical response of the PDMS and CB-PDMS material is studied. Deflection of bimorph for change in temperature is studied for different thickness and volume percentage of CB bimorph. Three different thicknesses and three volume fractions of CB are used for analysis of bimorph. Deflections of the bimorph are obtained from two different approaches analytical and FE. The modelling of bimorph carried out using multi-physics (FE) software. Results obtained from above approaches are agreeing well with different volume fractions of CB and thickness. It is observed that the bimorph with higher amount of CB has larger deflection. An optimum deflection achieved in an equal layer of bimorph actuators. In this study, the largest displacement noticed at 6 mm thick CB-PDMS layer with 5 Vol% of carbon black filler.
A Negative Hygroscopic Expansion Material
Authors: Lim Teik Cheng
Published: August 2018

A negative hygroscopic expansion (NHE) material contracts with the absorption of moisture. This paper introduces an NHE microstructure based on a truss-like lattice system that consists of two types of conventional materials, namely the apex and base rods connected by hinge joints. Based on the analytical model for volumetric strains, NHE is attainable by controlling the dimensions, coefficients of hygroscopic expansion and the changes in the hygroscopic concentration in the apex and base rods. For the special case where the apex rods are rigid, NHE is attainable if the apex-to-base rod length ratio is less than 0.707; if the apex-to-base rod length ratio is greater than 0.707, NHE is still attainable if the base rod’s hygroscopic strain is sufficiently large. NHE materials and structures are envisaged to play an important role for countering the effects of thermal expansion so as to decrease the extent of hygro-thermal stresses and/or strains. As such, further investigations on NHE materials are recommended to facilitate design principles that minimizes stress and/or strains in extreme hygro-thermal environment.
The Promise of Sustainable Magnesium Composite Technology for Greener Future
Authors: Gupta Manoj , Tekumalla Sravya
Published: August 2018

Ethical research that ensures the enhancement of quality of human life for present and future generations is the need of the day. This inherits the typical requirement to impose zero or minimal stress on the environment. Currently, planet earth is witnessing global warming and largely unpredictable weather changes, primarily due to greenhouse gas emissions. Transportation sector is one of the major engineering sectors contributing to greenhouse gas emissions. One way to mitigate/minimize these emissions is to use lightweight materials in the construction of vehicles for use in land, water, aerospace and space applications. Towards this, magnesium based materials are viable options which are suitable to replace aluminum based materials allowing ~ 35% weight saving on a component basis. As magnesium is abundant in nature and is a nutritional element, its availability and recyclability is not an issue. Accordingly, this paper will focus on the development of magnesium based nanocomposites capable of replacing conventional materials in multiple engineering and biomedical applications.
Porous Properties of Carbon/Carbon Composite Xerogels
Authors: Kraiwattanawong Kriangsak
Published: August 2018

Carbon/carbon composite xerogels are prepared by a vacuum drying technique whereas a carbon cryogel is synthesized by a freeze drying technique to compare the effect of these drying methods at the selective synthesis condition. Resorcinol and formaldehyde are used to prepare a matrix phase and cotton fibers are acted as a disperse phase of the carbon/carbon composite xerogels. Here resorcinol and formaldehyde is utilized to synthesize the carbon cryogel only. The carbon/carbon composite xerogels and the carbon cryogel were analyzed by a nitrogen adsorption apparatus and a field emission scanning electron microscope. The results support that the vacuum drying can decrease the pore shrinkage despite of the gas-liquid interface. The porous properties of the carbon xerogel is quite equivalent to the porous properties of the carbon cryogel. When the porous properties of carbon xerogels are considered, their porous properties can be preserved at the high porosity until 0.15 g/g of the cotton fibers/resorcinol ratio. At 0.25 g/g of this ratio, the porous properties start decreasingly.
Do climate-informed extreme value statistics improve the
estimation of flood probabilities in Europe?
Authors: Steirou Eva , Gerlitz Lars , Apel Heiko , Sun Xun , Merz Bruno
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The link between streamflow extremes and climatology has been widely studied during the last decades. However, a study investigating the effect of large-scale circulation variations on the distribution of seasonal discharge extremes at the European level is missing. Here we fit a climate-informed Generalized Extreme Value distribution (GEV) to about 600 streamflow records in Europe for each of the standard seasons, i.e. to winter, spring, summer and autumn maxima, and compare it with the classical GEV with parameters invariant in time. The study adopts a Bayesian framework and covers the period 1950 to 2016. Five indices with proven influence on the European climate are examined independently as covariates, namely the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the East Atlantic pattern (EA), the East Atlantic / West Russian pattern (EA/WR), the Scandinavia pattern (SCA) and the Polar-Eurasian pattern (POL). It is found that for a high percentage of stations the climate-informed model is preferred to the classical model, a result that provides evidence towards an improvement of the estimation of flood probabilities. Particularly for NAO during winter, a strong influence on streamflow extremes is detected for large parts of Europe (preferred to the classical GEV for 44 % of the stations). Climate-informed fits are characterized by spatial coherence and form patterns that resemble relations between the climate indices and seasonal precipitation, suggesting a prominent role of the considered circulation modes for flood generation. For certain regions, such as Northwest Scandinavia and the British Isles, variations of the climate indices result in considerably different extreme value distributions and thus in highly different flood estimates for individual years. Plots of extreme streamflow with a probability of exceedance of 0.01 indicate that the deviation between the classical and climate-informed analysis concerns single years but can also persist for longer time periods.
A Mathematical Framework for Crisis Spatial Crowdsourcing Services
Authors: Eivazy Hooshang , Malek Mohammad Reza
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Almost all crises or disasters have vast consequences in both spatial and temporal scale which are difficult to manage because of the size of hazards and their complexities. To conquer the vast size of consequences, it is possible to deploy potential of crowds but there are few developed tools to come over the complexity of required emergency processes. Dividing complex process into atomic crowdsourcing services would be a proper solution to use potential of crowds. We have innovated these services as atomic reply to spatial urgent requests including an informative, activity and confirmative segment. Proper composition of such atomic services in both spatial and temporal components would be able to manage sophisticated crisis fields. Administration of such services require a robust and operational framework. In this paper we have designed a crisis crowdsourcing mathematical framework which is constructed upon vector space elements and some meaningful eligible operations among them. The framework inherits tensor and differential geometry specifications. Vectors simulate crisis environment main objects in a multidimensional space. Likewise operations coincide possible actions among crisis objects. Proposed Framework introduces tools to compose and arrange atomic crowdsourcing services in optimum mode to conquer complex aiding process. Framework offers a mathematical intelligible documentation method too which is able to record process details as well as objects' status in space. To evaluate our framework we simulate different scenarios in a commercial simulation software and in our proposed framework. Defined scenarios included real field crisis reports, multi-agents interactive challenges for aiding and inquiry research forms for overall evaluation. Comparing results revealed considerable coincidence that could be evaluated as framework assurance.
On the phase dependence of the soliton collisions in the Dyachenko–Zakharov envelope equation
Authors: Kachulin Dmitry , Gelash Andrey
Published: August 2018

Abstract. We study soliton collisions in the Dyachenko–Zakharov equation for the envelope of gravity waves in deep water. The numerical simulations of the soliton interactions revealed several fundamentally different effects when compared to analytical two-soliton solutions of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation. The relative phase of the solitons is shown to be the key parameter determining the dynamics of the interaction. We find that the maximum of the wave field can significantly exceed the sum of the soliton amplitudes. The solitons lose up to a few percent of their energy during the collisions due to radiation of incoherent waves and in addition exchange energy with each other. The level of the energy loss increases with certain synchronization of soliton phases. Each of the solitons can gain or lose the energy after collision, resulting in increase or decrease in the amplitude. The magnitude of the space shifts that solitons acquire after collisions depends on the relative phase and can be either positive or negative.
Garcilaso at Home in Naples: On the Neo-Latin Muse of the Príncipe de los Poetas Castellanos
Authors: Gray Andrew F.
Published: August 2018

This essay offers an interpretation of Garcilaso's Neo-Latin odes dedicated respectively to Antonio Telesio and Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda. I propose that these poems express an ambiguous attitude towards the two large-scale cultural movements in which Garcilaso has often been considered an exemplary figure: the literary project of translatio studii and the political/military project of translatio imperii. On one hand, the ode to Telesio testifies to a desire to exchange the poet's Peninsular patria with a new home at the heart of humanist Naples; on the other, the ode to Sepúlveda provides evidence of the influence on Garcilaso of early modern pacifism, and of his misgivings regarding the Emperor's imperial designs.
Juan Latino's Worldly Poetics: Lepanto, Lucretius and Literary Tradition
Authors: Lemons Andrew
Published: August 2018

SUMMARY: This essay situates the work of 16th-century poet and humanist Juan Latino at the intersection of contemporary revolutions in the fields of philology and philosophy occasioned in part by the rediscovery of Lucretius a century before. Through a close study of the complex sound-structures and allusive networks of his major work, Austrias Carmen, this essay exposes Lucretian inflections that operate as much against as beside well-noted Vergilian commitments. This creates a subtle but sustained tension that is central not only to Latino's project of redesigning the poetics of international epic, but also to his scrupulous self-fashioning as at once a master of Latin literary tradition and a “new poet” for a rapidly changing world.
La muerte de Isabel de Portugal en una relación de sucesos en verso de Antón DelgadoThe Death of Elizabeth of Portugal in a “relación de sucesos” Written in Verse by Antón Delgado
Authors: Moya García Cristina
Published: August 2018

This article analyzes the “relación de sucesos” about the death of Elizabeth of Portugal written in verse by Antón Delgado in 1539. Both the dialogue between the Death and the Empress as well as the description of the transportation of her body from Toledo to Granada are analyzed in depth. The details included in this poetic composition make this an interesting text from both a literary and historical perspective.
En corte extraña: Las epístolas de Diego Hurtado de Mendoza a Luis de Ávila y ZúñigaIn Foreign Court: Diego Hurtado de Mendoza's Epistles to Luis de Ávila y Zúñiga
Authors: Varo Zafra Juan
Published: August 2018

The two verse epistles addressed by Diego Hurtado to Luis de ávila define a discourse in which the satire about public life and the exaltation of the emperor and his victories give way to the Anacreontic celebration of the voluntarilt isolated way of life, wine, friendship, and modest pleasures. Nevertheless, in spite of these common features, both poems present important differences. In contrast to the sober and grievous tone of the first one, the second turns out rough and unbalanced, sprinkled with harsh remarks that show a disenchantment with diplomatic life, the humiliations and disappointments suffered by the ambassadors, who were victims especially vulnerable to the political labyrinth and court intrigue of the 16th century. This work examines the epistles, appreciating the early effort to create a poetic language free of Petrachan influences in order to express disconformity with court life, in a genre that joins satire, mockery and a certain existential annoyance.
En busca de la Edad de Oro: La “Carta a Ramírez Pagán” de Jorge de MontemayorSearching for the Golden Age: The “Carta a Ramírez Pagán” by Jorge de Montemayor
Authors: Torres Corominas Eduardo
Published: August 2018

This article offers, from the perspective of court studies, a new reading of “Carta a Ramírez Pagán”, written by Jorge de Montemayor between 1558 and 1560. It proposes to use this paradigmatic text to explain the sociological and psychological origins of renaissance pastoral literature, which cannot be understood without the establishment of the courtly political systems in the western world. Therefore, supported by the works of Norbert Elias, Amedeo Quondam and José Martínez Millán, this article shows how the bucolic literature of this period essentially represented an attempt at liberation, arising within the court, from the existential oppression suffered by the courtier as a consequence of the civilization process.
“El mejor de los poetas” para “el mejor de los príncipes”: La Ulixea de Homero, traducida de griego en lengua castellana por el secretario Gonzalo Pérez, un tratado cortesano de educación principesca“El mejor de los poetas” for “el mejor de los príncipes”: La Ulixea de Homero, traducida de griego en lengua castellana por el secretario Gonzalo Pérez, A Treatise On the Court for the Education of a Prince
Authors: Ramón Juan , Sánchez Muñoz
Published: August 2018

In the following study we review some of the highlights of the translation in two stages (1550 and 1556), of Homer's Odyssey by Gonzalo Pérez, Secretary of State for Philip II of Spain and father of the famous Antonio Perez. We analyze the historical context that gave birth to the project, the Greek editions of the epic used in this translation, technical issues like the choice of meter, as well as the various editorial stages the text passed through before attaining it's final version in 1562. Special attention is given to the design of the Odyssey as a mirror for princes or specula principum.
Sor Juana, doctora en Teología: La sabiduría y el conocimiento en los villancicos de 1676Sor Juana, Doctor in Theology: Wisdom and Knowledge in thevillancicosof 1676
Authors: Deanda-Camacho Elena
Published: August 2018

Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz fought not only for women's right to education but also for public recognition of their intelligence. This essay locates the inception of her fight in her first suite of villancicos from 1676 written in honor of the Assumption of Mary. In this suite Sor Juana inaugurates her own Marian sapiential theology. In her theology Sor Juana most often juxtaposes herself to the female figures of Wisdom and the Virgin Mary. She makes the Virgin Mary embody Wisdom and also makes her a doctor of theology. In doing the latter, she imprints her own situation upon the work since she too was a theologian—at least in practice. Nonetheless, to dissolve any hints of heresy, she defines wisdom as a divine attribute and knowledge as an acquired understanding. Overall, Sor Juana uses herself and the two most important female figures of Christianity to project the image of an intelligent woman in Mexico's cathedral and thus validates the case for women's rights to education.
The Prevalence and Predicting Factors of Pulmonary Thromboembolism in Patients with Exacerbated Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Davoodi Mohammad , Rezvankhah Boshra , Moghadam Keivan , Taheri Amir
Published: August 2018

Introduction: The risk of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) in patients with exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (e-COPD) is higher than in non-COPD states. The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and the parameters that are critical for finding the incidence of PTE in patients with e-COPD. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 68 consecutive patients with the e-COPD, referred to the Pulmonary Disease Department at the Shariati Hospital in Tehran between 2013 and 2014. In addition to collecting data on the history of disease and physical examination, arterial blood sampling, spirometry, electrocardiography and echocardiography were performed for all patients. All subjects underwent computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CT-PA) as a method of choice for diagnosing PTE. Results: Out of 68 cases, five (7.4%) had CT angiography findings suggesting PTE. These patients were all male and had a higher mean age (79 vs. 65 years), lower mean systolic blood pressure (88.36 vs. 118.33 mmHg), and a higher mean heart rate (133.12 vs 90.33 beats/min), compared to e-COPD patients without PTE. Arterial blood gas analysis in individuals with PTE demonstrated a lower HCO3 (2.33 vs. 9.44 mEq/l) and PCO2 (44.35 vs. 51.43 mm Hg) levels. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was lower in patients with PTE (34.14 ± 4.49% vs. 46.94 ± 8.27%). Conclusion: The prevalence of PTE in our series of patients with e-COPD was 7.4%. According to the study results, male gender, advanced age, hypotension, tachycardia, and respiratory alkalosis are factors indicating possible PTE among subjects with e- COPD.
Presentation av Vinnie Nørskov
Authors: Nørskov Vinnie
Published: August 2018

Vinnie Nørskov er lektor ved Aarhus Universitet og leder af Antikmuseet, et universitetsmuseum for de antikke oldtidskulturer omkring Middelhavet.
When words of wisdom are not wise. A study of accessibility in museum exhibition texts
Authors: Kjeldsen Anna Karina , Jensen Mathilde Nisbeth
Published: August 2018

This article presents a study of the linguistic accessibility of Danish museum exhibition texts. e point of departure is the well-established paradigm shift in the international museum field proclaiming that today’s museums should strive to give physical and intellectual access to all visitors regardless of their social, cultural and intellectual backgrounds. The study explores to what extent Danish museums provide broad linguistic accessibility in their exhibition texts through the analysis of 33 texts from ten Danish museums. The results show that in relation to some elements (e.g. text length, use of paragraphs and straightforward writing style), the museums write in an accessible manner. However, several other elements (e.g. excessive use of jargon, officialese and compounds and unnecessary use of passive voice) are of great detriment to the overall accessibility of these texts. The article concludes with a range of operative recommendations for museum professionals who wish to write accessible texts.
Opponentindlæg: Anne-Sofe Hjemdahl. Liv i museet. Kunstindustrimuseet i Oslo gjør kropp med moteklær 1928–1960. Oslo: Universitetet i Oslo.
Authors: Gradén Lizette , Damsholt Tine
Published: August 2018

Vad händer med kropparna och människorna när tingen de brukat införlivas i samlingar och ställs ut på museum? För att söka svar på hur kroppar och människor formas i relation till föremålen undersöker Anne-Sofe Hjemdahl modedräkt som museiföremål, i Kunstindustrimuseets samlingar i Oslo. När ting förvandlas till föremål i ett museums samling kopplas de också loss från livet och människorna som brukat dem. De transformeras från att vara föremål i någons liv till att bli del av en etnogra sk samling och del av ett annat kunskapssystem. Föremålen blir till museala fakta som museerna på olika sätt brukar när de skapar och omskapar berättelser och skriver historia.
Forureningen på museum. Museernes arbejde med miljøspørgsmål i Danmark og nabolande
Authors: Hansen Anders Chr. , Svabo Connie , Johansen Lerke Arentoft , Hansen Katrine Bergkvist
Published: August 2018

Public understanding of environmental issues is critical for the active positions we need to take as individuals and societies for transforming unsustainable to green economic activities. Museums have the potential to contribute significantly to this by communicating scientific knowledge on environmental issues. The study examines the scale and character of environmental exhibitions and collections in Denmark and surrounding countries. The study finds that the scale far from exhausts the potential. Exhibitions predominantly focus on natural science dimensions with limited coverage of the social science aspects of environmental problems and their solutions. Interdisciplinary museum activities including social science aspects on institutions and values are recommended. Moreover, it is argued that the emotions and the scientific and political controversies involved in environmental issues should not be seen as obstacles to museum engagement in the environmental field, but rather as important ingredients in creating valuable museum experiences.
Å gjøre museumsgjenstander. Åtte øgler og en maursluker i det sene 1700-tallets El Real Gabinete de Historia Natural
Authors: Ruud Lise Camilla
Published: August 2018

The article analyses the field of eighteenth-century Hispanic history of science, little known to northern scholars, with the use of concepts from actor- network theory, combining these with a traditional Scandinavian ethnological close-up study of objects. The introductory part discusses the production of flasks as a way of standardizing natural objects at the late eighteenth-century Royal Cabinet of Natural History. The following section analyses how eight lizards were integrated into a variety of practices on their way to the Madrid museum. Thereafter, five different images of an anteater are discussed as forming part of the museum’s outreaching practices of display. The article demonstrates a fruitful approach to the histories of museums and their objects: Objects are seen as “enacted realities” which incorporate in radically different practices, and many versions of them exist simultaneously. Museum objects stretch out and connect with ideas and actors, objects travel and are continuously being done, inside and outside the museum building.
Pædagogisk scenografi. Om brug og indretning af museernes undervisningslokaler
Authors: Boritz Mette
Published: August 2018

This article focuses on how museums use educational rooms for the teaching of school children. This subject has only to a limited extent been addressed in professional museum literature. The purpose of this article is to get behind the large empirical diversity observed in educational rooms at different museums, identifying different ideal types with the aim of investigating whether there are links between, on the one hand, the pedagogical intentions and on the other, the management of the physical space in the museums. The article analyzes how different types of educational rooms, in this article categorized as “focus rooms”, “wonder rooms” and “laboratories” promote or hinder the teaching situation. The article is based on the assumption that educational rooms act as a “silent curriculum” in education, which can either support or contradict the museums’ educational intentions.
I stadens utkant. Svensk-romska livsberättelser och lägerplatser från 1900-talet
Authors: Fernstål Lotta , Hyltén-Cavallius Charlotte
Published: August 2018

Roma people have been present in Sweden for at least 500 years. The first members of the group today known as Swedish Roma arrived in the late 1800s, and during a large part of the 1900s they were forced to a nomadic lifestyle. The purpose of this project is to highlight this part of history, in collaboration with Roma associations, focusing on camp sites and life stories during the 1900s and to incorporate this cultural heritage into Swedish public collections at the Swedish History Museum and the Institute for Language and Folklore. The project will combine ethnological interviews with archaeological excavations, and will involve questions about multiculturalism and interaction between Roma and the majority Swedes.
Undervisning på museer. Presentation af en ny nordisk bibliografi
Authors: Hyllested Trine
Published: August 2018

Jeg har i min ph.d. fra 2007 arbejdet med lærerens rolle, når læreren tager skolen ud af skolen. Jeg fandt at i samspillet med f.eks. museumsundervisere, har læreren en udfordring med at finde sin lærerrolle. Det var derfor med stor nysgerrighed at jeg startede som koordinator af museumsundervisning i Region Syddanmark 2009. Her fik jeg kontakt til 40 forskellige museumsundervisere, der alle havde ansvaret for undervisningen på netop deres museum. Jeg fik set samspillet med læreren fra en anden side og fik indtryk af nogle museumsundervisere, der arbejdede meget engageret, men pædagogisk isoleret. Jeg blev i 2013 ansat på Historielab – et formidlingscenter for historieundervisning i Jelling i Region Syddanmark. Her har én af mine opgaver været at fremstille en bibliografi. Formålet med bibliografien er indsamling af viden og formidling af viden, som kan give overblik, inspirere og udvikle museumsundervisning og undersøgelser af museumsundervisning i Danmark.
Museum pedagogy and the evocation of moments of responsibility
Authors: Tinning Katrine
Published: August 2018

In 2010–11, an exhibition entitled It’s not Your Fault! was on display at The Women’s Museum in Denmark. The museum aimed to contribute to the prevention of rape by giving young people, who were the target group, a sense of shared responsibility for the prevention of rape. In this article, the museum’s hopes regarding the prevention of rape are read as a hope of deepening of responsibility. The exhibition is approached as a conglomerate of didactic materials and contents that may encourage visitors to engage in educational relations with the museum regarding traumatic events of sexual violence. The potential of the design and dramaturgy of the exhibition to evoke moments of ethical responsibility is explored. Inspired by Emmanuel Lévinas, the article discusses the joint emergence of learning and responsibility, and approaches ethical responsibility in the double sense of response and care. This particular point in grounding ethics in education is discussed in relation to central features of the exhibition. It is suggested that such features, like the poetic re-interpretations in the exhibition, have the potential of meeting and unsettling the visitor and lay the grounds for ethical responsibility and for critical re-thinking. However, it is also discussed how the exhibition represents controversial issues in regard to displaying the subject.
Is Darwin dangerous? Museums, media, and public understanding of evolution
Authors: Stranger Hanne , Kjærgaard Peter C.
Published: August 2018

What defines a topic as controversial? How does one measure its significance? Is it what commentators find controversial, what a majority of people think, or what generates the most heated debates? There is general consensus that evolution has been a controversial topic since the mid-nineteenth century. The scientific debate was settled in the 1930s with the modern synthesis bringing genetics and the theory of evolution by natural selection together within a single theoretical framework. The public debates, however, continued, mainly due to religiously motivated anti-evolution activists. The conflict narrative of science and religion with evolution versus creation has been – and still is – a particular favourite with the press. Consequently, the media is complicit in maintaining evolution as a controversial topic. This is the reality natural history museums have to deal with when communicating evolution. The question is whether it makes any difference which strategies museums take and, if so, whether it is possible to measure the difference. The authors discuss the role natural history museums have in the public discourse of evolution by looking at the different approaches in 2009 to the celebrations of the 150th anniversary of the publication of the Origin of Species and the 200th anniversary of Charles Darwin’s birth, comparing it to the media coverage of the events in the Scandinavian countries.
Open Images. Risk or opportunity for art collections in the digital age?
Authors: Sanderhoff Merete
Published: August 2018

Museums around the world hold enormous troves of public domain artworks. In digitized form, they can be powerful tools for research and learning, as well as building blocks in the hands of students, teachers, scholars, developers and creative people. By opening up their digitized assets for reuse, museums have a unique opportunity to broaden the scope of their public mission to serve and educate the public on 21st-century media terms. What could be controversial about that? Art museums have a long legacy of restricting access to high-quality images of artworks in order to protect them from improper use, and to be able to secure revenue from image sales. However, in the age of easy and ubiquitous online image sharing, restrictive licensing is severely challenged both as a means to control usage of images and as a sustainable business model.
Cultural relict plants – a living heritage
Authors: Solberg Svein Øivind , Breian Line , Ansebo Lena , Persson Erik
Published: August 2018

Cultural relict plants are remaining populations of plants once introduced for cultivation and use. The plants have survived, even though the population is no longer actively maintained. Cultural relict plants can be found in the close surround- ings of historical places such as monastery ruins, churches, castles, fortresses, manors, old farms and villages. The plants are part of a living heritage, but the responsibility tends to fall between different perspectives – between the conservation of buildings, ob- jects and immaterial knowledge (cultural heritage) and conservation of nature (natu- ral heritage). In this article we debate the value of such plants as parts of a place. We list potential species and findings from a project with focus on the Arctic region in the Nordic countries. We furthermore emphasise the need for trans-disciplinary approaches to secure the habitat and increase awareness about cultural relict plants.
Gjenstander og meninger i det post-koloniale museet. Kontaktsoner og autoetnografi
Authors: Johansen Eva D.
Published: August 2018

James Clifford has proposed looking at museums as contact zones, where different knowledge systems meet. In a collaborative project between Alta Museum and Alta Secondary School in Finnmark, Norway, the museum made an attempt to open up the power relationship between the museum and students and families by giving space in the exhibitions to “private” objects and stories from everyday life. In this article, I discuss the opportunities and constraints associated with opening up the museum’s methodology for the objects and meanings that “the others” have considered worthy of preservation. I argue that the changing structures of museum practice may lead to new reflections on history and heritage in a museum context, and to the democratization of public cultural heritage production.
Statsløs i diaspora: kulturarvdokumentasjon og virtuelt museum
Authors: Akman Haci
Published: August 2018

The museum as a social arena accentuates cultural encounters between individuals in unequal situations that are played out in public. Meetings between cultures are in themselves not a new phenomenon, but increased globalisation and immigration impel us as researchers of culture to repeatedly question our notions of ethnicity, cultural heritage and diaspora. This article is based on the Norwegian-Kurdish Heritage Documentation project, which has been supported by the Norsk Kulturråd (Arts Council Norway) for two periods. The project consists of two phases. Phase I was designed to document and collect tangible and intangible cultural elements among the Kurds in the diaspora. In Phase II, which is based on the first phase, the collected materials are sorted, categorised and analysed with the intent to publish a Kurdish virtual (online) museum. The virtual communication form adapts to the conditions that life in the diaspora requires for communication and preservation of culture. In this article, the terms ”stateless” and ”diaspora” are used. The question is whether a virtual museum can be a useful tool for cultural heritage dissemination for a stateless people in a diaspora context who are otherwise unable to communicate their culture through physical institutions.