bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blending emergent design evaluation with developmental evaluation principles in evaluation capacity building: Reflections on the Data for Social Impact initiative
Authors: Martin Jillian A. , Fitzgerald Jenrose , Ferris Dan , Sorenson Paul , Mohamed Sara
Published: October 2024

In addition to the dearth of literature on successful evaluation capacity building (ECB), there is also a need to highlight novel and blended approaches to evaluating ECB. To evaluate the Data for Social Impact (DSI) initiative, we used developmental evaluation and emergent design evaluation. The DSI initiative was created in the St. Louis metropolitan region in Missouri to build data capacity and collaboration across sectors to improve impact. Within its overarching goal of social‐sector data capacity building, DSI aims to amplify ECB both within and across organizations. In this article, we discuss the background of the initiative and our process of evaluation. This article offers an approach to evaluating ECB that allows for the flexibility and complexity that often comes with evaluation done in collaborative, real‐world contexts. We champion using an emergent and developmental evaluation principles to evaluate ECB programs to extend their reach beyond the evaluation experts and into organizations and communities working toward equity and justice.
Exploring Multisource High‐Dimensional Mixed‐Frequency Risks in the Stock Market: A Group Penalized Reverse Unrestricted Mixed Data Sampling Approach
Authors: Zhuo Xingxuan , Luo Shunfei , Cao Yan
Published: October 2024

This paper introduces a novel forecasting approach that addresses a significant challenge in applied research: effectively utilizing high‐dimensional and mixed‐frequency data from multiple sources to explain and predict variables that respond at high frequency. This approach combines a mixed data sampling model and group variable selection methods, resulting in the development of the Group Penalized Reverse Unrestricted Mixed Data Sampling Model (GP‐RU‐MIDAS). The GP‐RU‐MIDAS model is designed to achieve various research objectives, including analyzing mixed‐frequency data in reverse, estimating high‐dimensional parameters, identifying key variables, and analyzing their relative importance and sensitivity. By applying this model to uncover uncertainties in stock market returns, the following notable results emerge: (1) GP‐RU‐MIDAS improves the selection of relevant variables and enhances forecasting accuracy; (2) various risks impact stock market returns in diverse ways, with effects varying over time and exhibiting continuous trends, phase shifts, or extreme levels; and (3) stock market volatility and the Euro to RMB exchange rate significantly influence stock market returns over different forecasting periods, with a generally positive and dynamic impact. In conclusion, the GP‐RU‐MIDAS model demonstrates robustness and utility in complex data analysis scenarios, providing insights into the nuanced realm of stock market risk assessment.
Genetic Associations of Persistent Opioid Use After Surgery Point to OPRM1 but Not Other Opioid‐Related Loci as the Main Driver of Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Annis Aubrey C. , Gunaseelan Vidhya , Smith Albert V. , Abecasis Gonçalo R. , Larach Daniel B. , Zawistowski Matthew , Frangakis Stephan G. , Brummett Chad M.
Published: October 2024

Persistent opioid use after surgery is a common morbidity outcome associated with subsequent opioid use disorder, overdose, and death. While phenotypic associations have been described, genetic associations remain unidentified. Here, we conducted the largest genetic study of persistent opioid use after surgery, comprising ~40,000 non‐Hispanic, European‐ancestry Michigan Genomics Initiative participants (3198 cases and 36,321 surgically exposed controls). Our study primarily focused on the reproducibility and reliability of 72 genetic studies of opioid use disorder phenotypes. Nominal associations (p < 0.05) occurred at 12 of 80 unique (r2 < 0.8) signals from these studies. Six occurred in OPRM1 (most significant: rs79704991‐T, OR = 1.17, p = 8.7 × 10−5), with two surviving multiple testing correction. Other associations were rs640561‐LRRIQ3 (p = 0.015), rs4680‐COMT (p = 0.016), rs9478495 (p = 0.017, intergenic), rs10886472‐GRK5 (p = 0.028), rs9291211‐SLC30A9/BEND4 (p = 0.043), and rs112068658‐KCNN1 (p = 0.048). Two highly referenced genes, OPRD1 and DRD2/ANKK1, had no signals in MGI. Associations at previously identified OPRM1 variants suggest common biology between persistent opioid use and opioid use disorder, further demonstrating connections between opioid dependence and addiction phenotypes. Lack of significant associations at other variants challenges previous studies' reliability.
Projected Annual Lecanemab Treatment Eligibility in an Irish Regional Specialist Memory Clinic
Authors: Connolly Eimear , O'Connor Antoinette , Dolphin Helena , Dyer Adam H. , Fallon Aoife , O'Dowd Sean , Kennelly Sean P.
Published: October 2024

Objectives

The advent of Disease Modifying Therapies (DMTs) for the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) has the potential to transform the lives of those with early AD. Timely identification of eligible patients is needed to ensure treatments are delivered during a narrow window of therapeutic opportunity. Appropriate clinical service design will hinge on improved understanding of future demands, thus there is a pressing need to investigate patient eligibility in real world clinical cohorts. The primary aim of this study is to assess the eligibility by appropriate use criteria (AUC) for lecanemab therapy in a real‐world, undifferentiated clinical patient cohort attending a Regional Specialist Memory Clinic (RSMC), with the secondary aims of determining the proportion of patients with biomarker positive Alzheimer's Disease (AD) who would be eligible for lecanemab therapy by AUC. Clinical trial eligibility criteria were also applied to both groups and discrepancies that exist between eligibility rates explored.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of all new patients attending a RSMC from 1st January 2022 to 31st December 2022 was conducted. Data collected included demographic details, outcomes of diagnostic assessments and comorbidities. MRI images, where indicated, were reviewed. Amyloid positivity was defined as either Amyloid and Tau positive (A+T+) or Amyloid positive with a positive P‐Tau/Ab42 ratio on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing. Appropriate use criteria (AUC) and clinical trial criteria for lecanemab were applied. Proportion of eligible patients was calculated.

Results

Eleven (5.9%) of 188 new patient attenders were eligible (average age 66.7 years [SD 8.9], 63.6% female) by AUC, with 26.2% of patients with biomarker positive Alzheimer's Disease eligible for lecanemab therapy. The most common reason for exclusion was a lack of biomarker confirmation of AD pathology followed by cognitive ineligibility (based on defined cognitive testing cut‐offs) at the time of referral and/or initial assessment. Only 40.4% of patients had CSF testing for AD biomarkers while almost 20% of the patients with biomarker positive AD were excluded due to lack of a screening MRI in the previous 12 months.

Conclusion

In this study, the potential eligibility rate by AUC of the entire patient cohort (5.9%) was limited by the small proportion of patients who had CSF testing for AD biomarkers. So while disease‐modification with Lecanemab is a welcome therapeutic advance, although only a small proportion of people currently attending specialist services will be eligible. Successful delivery of DMTs will require significant resource allocation and optimisation of referral pathways to facilitate early identification of potentially eligible patients.
Revolutionizing healthcare and medicine: The impact of modern technologies for a healthier future—A comprehensive review
Authors: Thacharodi Aswin , Singh Prabhakar , Meenatchi Ramu , Tawfeeq Ahmed Z. H. , Kumar Rejith R. S. , V Neha , Kavish Sanjana , Maqbool Mohsin , Hassan Saqib
Published: October 2024

The increasing integration of new technologies is driving a fundamental revolution in the healthcare sector. Developments in artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and big data analytics have completely transformed the diagnosis, treatment, and care of patients. AI‐powered solutions are enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of healthcare delivery by demonstrating exceptional skills in personalized medicine, early disease detection, and predictive analytics. Furthermore, telemedicine and remote patient monitoring systems have overcome geographical constraints, offering easy and accessible healthcare services, particularly in underserved areas. Wearable technology, the Internet of Medical Things, and sensor technologies have empowered individuals to take an active role in tracking and managing their health. These devices facilitate real‐time data collection, enabling preventive and personalized care. Additionally, the development of 3D printing technology has revolutionized the medical field by enabling the production of customized prosthetics, implants, and anatomical models, significantly impacting surgical planning and treatment strategies. Accepting these advancements holds the potential to create a more patient‐centered, efficient healthcare system that emphasizes individualized care, preventive care, and better overall health outcomes. This review's novelty lies in exploring how these technologies are radically transforming the healthcare industry, paving the way for a more personalized and effective healthcare for all. It highlights the capacity of modern technology to revolutionize healthcare delivery by addressing long‐standing challenges and improving health outcomes. Although the approval and use of digital technology and advanced data analysis face scientific and regulatory obstacles, they have the potential for transforming translational research. as these technologies continue to evolve, they are poised to significantly alter the healthcare environment, offering a more sustainable, efficient, and accessible healthcare ecosystem for future generations. Innovation across multiple fronts will shape the future of advanced healthcare technology, revolutionizing the provision of healthcare, enhancing patient outcomes, and equipping both patients and healthcare professionals with the tools to make better decisions and receive personalized treatment. As these technologies continue to develop and become integrated into standard healthcare practices, the future of healthcare will probably be more accessible, effective, and efficient than ever before.
The African Medicines Agency and Medicines Regulation: Progress, challenges, and recommendations
Authors: Abdulwahab Adeniyi Ayinde , Okafor Ukamaka Gladys , Adesuyi Damilola Samuel , Miranda Adriana Viola , Yusuf Rashidat Onyinoyi , Eliseo Lucero‐Prisno Don
Published: October 2024

In response to the situation of the African healthcare system, the African Medicines Agency (AMA) was established by the African Union (AU) to regulate access to medicines and support the local manufacture of medications. This study aimed to describe the factors that enabled the establishment of the African Medicines Agency and its successes, challenges, and perceived benefits. We reviewed data sources that explored the progress and challenges of the African Medicines Agency and Medicines Regulation in Africa. The SPIDER framework was used to organise the research focus and to extract the keywords for the literature search. The study data were obtained from PubMed Central, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Out of 249 studies screened, 19 were selected for this narrative review. Critical successes observed in the agency's establishment include the appointment of a Special Envoy, the selection of its headquarters, and the signing of its treaty by 37 member states. However, it is hindered by poor political commitment, differences in risk‐benefits interpretation and organizational structure, weak legal and regulatory frameworks, inadequate financial mechanisms, and inadequate political and policy leadership in some member states. The value of AMA in achieving optimal health outcomes and its other benefits must be considered despite the challenges being encountered. Therefore, all member states should adopt the best procedures in signing and ratifying the treaty and implementing associated commitments to improve efficiency and accountability in African medicine regulation.
Facile Synthesis of Phthalazinone/Isoindolinone Substituted Fluorescence Active Indolo[1,2‐a]quinoxaline Derivatives via ANRORC and Fluorescence Turn Off Sensing of Fe2+
Authors: Dhurey Arun , Sarkar Saheli , Pramanik Animesh
Published: October 2024

Synthesis of a series of indolo[1,2‐a]quinoxaline derivatives substituted with phthalazinones/isoindolinones/carbonyl benzoylesters at C‐4 position have been accomplished under open air rt/heating conditions following ANRORC (Addition of Nucleophile, Ring Opening and Ring Closure) mechanism. Initially condensation of 2‐(1‐indolyl)‐aniline and ninhydrin generates a spirocyclic intermediate 5′H‐spiro[indene‐2,6′‐indolo[1,2‐a]quinoxaline]‐1,3‐dione, which upon reaction with various nucleophiles like hydrazine/phenylhydrazine, amines and alcohols affords C‐4 substituted indolo[1,2‐a]quinoxalines in high yield (up to ~88 %) via ANRORC. The photophysical investigation shows that the quinoxaline derivatives possess significant fluorescence property with high quantum yield (QY~11.0–17.0). The N‐phenylphthalazinone substituted indolo[1,2‐a]quinoxaline, a molecule structurally similar to 2,2′‐bipyridine system, can efficiently and selectively detect Fe2+ through fluorescence turn off sensing.
Responses of vegetation to hydroclimatic variables on the Loess Plateau after large scale vegetation restoration
Authors: Feng Huijun , Jin Jiming
Published: October 2024

Understanding plant‐water relations is essential for effective regional water management and promoting ecologically sustainable development on the Loess Plateau, especially in the context of the Grain for Green project initiated in 1999. This study evaluated the variations in vegetation variables (leaf area index, enhanced vegetation index, solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence and gross primary production) and hydroclimatic variables (precipitation, total water storage, aridity index and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index) from 2003 to 2020, along with their interactions across the Loess Plateau. Our analysis revealed a general increase in vegetation variables, with the largest increase observed in the forest expansion areas. Precipitation and the aridity index exhibited significant upwards trends, while total water storage showed a significant decline, particularly in the forest expansion areas. Vegetation variables were more sensitive to changes in total water storage across the Loess Plateau. In the northwest region, where large‐scale croplands and grasslands expansion occurred, vegetation variables also showed sensitivity to precipitation. Lag effect analysis revealed short time lags (1–3 months) between vegetation and hydroclimatic variables, expect for total water storage (6 months). Overall, human activities and climate factors contributed 58.4% and 41.6% to the increase in leaf area index, and 52.2% and 47.8% to the increase in gross primary production, respectively. In relatively arid environments, precipitation contributed over 50% to the observed vegetation greening. This study underscores the increasingly significant role of human activities in driving vegetation greening on the Loess Plateau, particularly in large‐scale afforestation areas.
Partitioning of Evapotranspiration and Its Response to Eco‐Environmental Factors Over an Alpine Grassland on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau Based on the SiB2 Model
Authors: Xu Cong , Zhu Gaofeng , Zhang Yang , Che Tao
Published: October 2024

Partitioning evapotranspiration (ET) is challenging but essential for understanding the exchange of energy, water, and carbon between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. In this study, we applied the simple biosphere model (SiB2) to partition ET at a typical alpine grassland site on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP). In addition, through process‐based model scenario experiments, we quantified the effects of four environmental factors on ET components and predicted their evolution under the two future carbon emission scenarios (ssp126 and ssp585). Our findings are summarized as follows: (1) The original version of SiB2, despite its simple structure, effectively simulates ET and its components. (2) The ratios of annual total transpiration (T), soil evaporation (Es), and canopy interception evaporation (Ei) to ET in the alpine grassland ecosystem were 51%, 43%, and 6%, respectively. (3) Each 100 mm increase in annual precipitation results in a significant increase in soil evaporation (2.77%). A 1°C increase in air temperature leads to a significant increase in vegetation transpiration (5.22%) and canopy interception evaporation (5.63%). Each 100 ppm increase in CO2 concentration causes a significant decrease in T (−5.43%) and ET (−2.97%). An increase in LAI (1 m2 m−2) has the largest effect on canopy interception evaporation (4.67%). (4) Under the high carbon emission scenario (ssp585), all ET components in this ecosystem show a significant growth trend, particularly vegetation transpiration and canopy interception evaporation. These findings will facilitate more precise predictions of the water cycle dynamics, reveal land‐atmosphere interaction mechanisms, and aid in the protection of the ecological environment of the QTP.
Changes in the Spatial Patterns of Near‐Surface Soil Moisture and Environmental Controlling Factors Before and After a Landslide
Authors: Tu Hsin‐Ting , Liang Wei‐Li
Published: October 2024

Rain‐induced landslides are common natural disturbances in forested headwaters that can strongly alter the spatial distributions of hydrological and environmental features. Although many studies have reported the impacts of landslides on the spatial patterns of soil moisture or their environmental controls, studies that have used detailed in situ data sets collected at the same location before and after a landslide are lacking. This study investigated the spatial distribution pattern of the near‐surface soil moisture and environmental controls, including topographic, soil and vegetation features, in a headwater catchment using ground‐based measurements with high spatial resolution after a landslide in 2016. The data set was compared to measurements taken at the same location before the landslide to explore whether the landslide altered the amount, spatial distribution, or potential controlling factors of near‐surface soil moisture. The mean soil moisture decreased across the site after the landslide, even under conditions of greater rainfall input than before the landslide. Spatial variation in soil moisture decreased in the high‐disturbance area but increased in the low‐disturbance area, although autocorrelation distances of soil moisture changed little. The relationships between the spatial mean and standard deviation of soil moisture markedly changed from a convex‐upward shape to a convex‐downward shape in the highly disturbed area. This indicates that the spatial mean of soil moisture exhibited its greatest spatial variation under moderate conditions before the landslide, with the lowest spatial variation occurring after the landslide. Most of the same controlling factors (i.e., slope gradient, topographic wetness index, vegetation density, soil porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity) were explored after the landslide, but their influence levels greatly decreased or even disappeared. Thus, the landslide weakened the spatial connectedness between soil moisture and environmental features, which has not yet been restored 6 years after the landslide. We suggest that the connectedness between hydrological responses and environmental features is crucial for restoration. Their connectedness can serve as an indicator to identify the stage of ecological succession from the disturbances of a landslide.
Progress of non‐motor symptoms in early‐onset Parkinson's disease
Authors: Zhang Fanshi , Luo Aidi , Liao Shusheng , Liu Mei , Zhang Jun , Xu Zucai
Published: October 2024

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common degenerative disease of the central nervous system that is characterized by movement disorders and non‐motor symptoms (NMSs). The associated NMSs primarily include neuropsychiatric symptoms, autonomic dysfunction, sleep‐wake disorders, pain, fatigue, and hyposmia. These NMSs can occur at any stage of PD, especially before the onset of motor symptoms, and may affect a patient's quality of life more than motor symptoms. Although PD is most commonly diagnosed in people over 65 years, some patients exhibit symptom onset before the age of 50, which is clinically known as early‐onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD). The high heterogeneity and incidence of EOPD‐associated NMSs can lead to the misdiagnosis of EOPD as other neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss the research progress related to NMSs in patients with EOPD, focusing on neuropsychiatric disorders, autonomic dysfunction, sleep disorders, and sensory impairment, and outline the association of NMSs with different genotypic alterations, with the aim of providing assistance in the clinical management of patients.
The Impact of Brexit Disclosure on Trade Credit
Authors: Elmarzouky Mahmoud , Hussainey Khaled , Albitar Khaldoon , Alkaraan Fadi
Published: October 2024

The Financial Reporting Council (FRC) issued guidance for companies regarding the disclosure of significant changes in principal risks. We explore the nexus between Brexit disclosure and trade credit decisions. Our findings suggest a positive relationship between Brexit disclosure and trade credit decisions; however, this relationship varies across industries. This variation indicates that UK companies are responsive to regulatory requirements and pressures, undertaking the necessary adjustments to minimize their exposure to Brexit‐related risks.
Salt Pulse Effects on Leaf Litter Decomposition in a Manipulated Stream: The Importance of the Conditioning Status
Authors: Canhoto C. , Almeida Júnior E. , Martínez A. , Oliveira R. , Simões S.
Published: October 2024

Anthropogenic salinization constitutes a still understudied growing global threat impacting the biodiversity and the functioning of stream ecosystems. In this study, we evaluated the consequences of salt pulses in a manipulated mountain stream (central Portugal) with a salinized and a reference reach, assessing microbial decomposition of conditioned and nonconditioned chestnut (Castanea sativa) leaves, immediately after a period of NaCl exposure (daily short‐term pulses for 7 days; salinization period) and 4 days after salt contamination cessation (recovery period). Conditioned leaves consistently presented higher mass loss, fungal biomass, and respiration rates than nonconditioned leaves. Leaf conditioning status modulated the deleterious effects of salinization, being more pervasive on the decomposition process of conditioned leaves. The depressing effect on mass loss and associated parameters promoted by daily pulses of salt on these leaves was extended after the cessation of salt contamination. This suggests salt legacy effects on already established microbial communities promoted by structural changes and/or mycelial physiological adjustments. In opposition, no effects of salinization were observed in nonconditioned leaves in either period. This may result from a potentially higher salt tolerance of the pioneer species that may also take advantage of the low basal salt concentration between salt pulses and/or of further incorporation of fungal species provided from upstream. Such continuous fungal imprint may result in redundant dissimilar (salinization period) or similar (recovery period) fungal decomposing communities able to determine balanced mass loss between sides in each period. Globally, results point to the importance of considering leaf litter quality and salt exposure timing in relation to leaf litter pulses when evaluating the consequences and delineating protection measures for streams facing discrete salt contamination.
Long head of biceps tendon augmentation in rotator cuff repair enhances tendon healing, shoulder function and patient‐reported outcomes one‐year post‐surgery
Authors: Pastor Pablo Cañete San , Ramos Inmaculada Prosper , Roig Alberto Garcia , Safont Joan Andreu
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The aim is to determine the effect on healing and functionality of patients after 1 year of biceps augmentation of a rotator cuff repair (RCR) compared to RCR plus long head of the biceps (LHB) tenotomy. In addition, to analyse the main factors involved in the recovery after the surgery.

Methods

A prospective, comparative, non‐randomized study (Level of Evidence III) was conducted. Patients with repairable rotator cuff tears were allocated to either the control group, with a double row transosseous equivalent RCR with LHB tenotomy, or the RCR+augmentation with LHB group. Patients were evaluated for radiological (MRI), clinical (cuff size, Patte and Goutallier scales) and functional variables (Constant and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons [ASES] scales) before the intervention. At 1‐year follow‐up cuff healing was confirmed through MRI and functional evaluation with Constant, ASES, simple shoulder test [SST] and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scales.

Results

Seventy‐seven patients underwent control or RCR+augmentation with LHB, there were no preoperative differences between the groups. After 1 year of the surgery, re‐rupture occurred in 38.5% and 16% of the patients in control and RCR+augmentation with LHB groups, respectively (p = .026). Total functionality was higher (p < .05) in RCR+augmentation with LHB than in the control group: Constant, SST and ASES scales. Among the explored factors involved in healing, re‐rupture occurred in 100% of the cases with high fatty degeneration. Besides, higher initial functionality (Constant scale) and RCR+augmentation with LHB increased the odds of healing (odds ratio [OR] = 1.12 [1.04–1.21]; OR = 5 [1, 61], respectively), while higher cuff length had a detrimental effect (OR = 0.92 [0.85–0.99]).

Conclusion

RCR+augmentation with LHB achieves a higher healing percentage and a better functional evolution than RCR+LHB tenotomy, 1 year after cuff repair. Fatty degeneration, cuff length and initial functionality are the main factors involved in cuff healing.

Level of Evidence

Level III randomized controlled trial.
The LTAR Grazing Land Common Experiment at Platte River High Plains Aquifer
Authors: Khorchani M. , Schmer M. , Freidenreich A. , Awada T. , Birru G. , Christofferson S. , Drijber R. , Erickson G. , Jin V. , McDermott R. , Suyker A. , Watson A. , Woodbury B. , Xiong Y. , Hiller J. , Sun X. , Li L.
Published: October 2024

The Long‐Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) network of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) consists presently of 18 sites within the contiguous United States that are managed by the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) and its partners. The LTAR network focuses on developing national strategies for more efficient, resilient, and profitable agricultural production systems, improved environmental quality, and enhanced rural prosperity. The Platte River High Plains Aquifer (PRHPA) LTAR site is managed jointly by the University of Nebraska‐Lincoln (UNL) and USDA‐ARS and is one of the LTAR sites that conduct research on both integrated cropping and grazing systems. The PRHPA region encompasses multiple land resource areas and diverse agricultural production systems. The PRHPA sites, predominantly located in eastern Nebraska, are designated as an integrated system focused specifically on the region's dominant production practices of row crop (corn and soybean), managed pastures, and beef cattle production. Here, we focus on C3 cool‐season smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) pasture grazing systems under prevailing and alternative management practices for the region. The sites evaluate continuous and rotational grazing with and without pasture fertilization (prevailing practices). In an additional treatment, cattle are supplemented with dry distillers grains plus solubles, while manure supplies fertilization (alternative practice). Main measurements at the site evaluate plant and animal productivity, forage quality, greenhouse gas fluxes, and soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. This paper describes the regional characteristics of the PRHPA site, ongoing LTAR research related to pasture and livestock production, stakeholder engagement, and future research plans.
Characterizing the Transformation and Diagnosis of Atypical Lipomatous Tumor to Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma: Single Institutional Outcomes
Authors: Butler Zachary , Yu Austin , Honore Lesly , Timmermann Anne , Demetrious Matthew , Gitelis Steven , Miller Ira , Blank Alan
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Atypical lipomatous tumor (ALT) in the extremities is a locally aggressive adipocytic tumor with the potential risk of transformation into dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLS). Studies seldom differentiate whether DDLS was diagnosed on initial biopsy, final resected specimen, or subsequent recurrence. Our study seeks to characterize how and when patients received their ALT or DDLS diagnoses to better understand the relationship between the two neoplasms.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of patients diagnosed with ALT or DDLS of the extremities. Clinical characteristics, including the method of diagnosis of an ALT or DDLS, time between diagnoses, and tumor recurrence was recorded. Univariate/multivariate analysis was performed to identify risk factors.

Results

Forty‐five patients were diagnosed with ALT after core needle biopsy (CNB) and 41 of them received marginal en bloc excision. Three (7.3%) of these patients had a heterogeneous tumor on final resection, pathology revealed both ALT and DDLS. Four patients (8.2%) were diagnosed with DDLS from CNB and received negative margin en bloc excision. One of these tumors was identified as heterogeneous ALT/DDLS after resection. Fifty‐three patients received marginal en bloc resection without CNB after a benign lipomatous mass was suspected on CT/MRI. Among these, one (1.9%) had a tumor with a heterogeneous composition of both ALT and DDLS on pathology. There were 11 (11.7%) ALT recurrences and 1 (1.0%) DDLS recurrence after ALT resection.

Conclusion

Obtaining a proper diagnosis whether ALT or DDLS is critical. Our cohort found that amongst those concerning lipomatous lesions biopsied, 7.84% will show biopsy proven DDLS. Additionally, 6.67% of the biopsies will be false negatives and show DDLS on final pathology. Furthermore, our local recurrence for ALT was 11.7% recurring as ALT and 1.0% recurring as DDLS.
Functionalization of High‐Density Polyethylene Capillaries for Open Tubular Ion Chromatography
Authors: Yousef Enas , Shelor Charles Phillip , Horn Seth A. , Dasgupta Purnendu K.
Published: October 2024

Ion chromatography is the anion analysis benchmark. A miniature form, Open Tubular Ion Chromatography (OTIC), has attractive attributes for efficient ion separations. Here, we fabricate and characterize high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) open tubular anion exchange columns (OTCs). We attach positively charged latex particles onto negatively charged capillary surfaces. For efficient OTIC, column diameters need to be < ∼20 µm; functionalizing the bore is challenging. Methods to introduce acid groups to an HDPE capillary bore, e.g., sulfonation using chlorosulfonic or sulfuric acid solutions, with or without grafting of an aromatic ring through photo‐ or chemical grafting first, are explored. Following quaternary ammonium latex attachment, the ion exchange capacity and separating abilities of each OTC were measured as an index of OTC performance. Gradual loss of capacity was observed for many of these; high‐resolution mass spectrometry confirmed the leaching of detached oxidized/sulfonated oligomeric fragments and consequent poisoning of the latex sites. Ways to ameliorate this and/or to rejuvenate the columns are also described.
Association Between Breast Arterial Calcification on Mammography and Impaired Ocular Perfusion
Authors: Akman Burcu , Kaya Ahmet Turan
Published: October 2024

Objectives

To investigate the relationship between the mammography‐detected breast arterial calcification (BAC) and orbital color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) results.

Methods

Our single‐center study, included female patients who applied to our hospital between January and May 2022 and underwent mammography and orbital CDUS examinations. Two radiologists evaluated the mammograms, grouped the patients as BAC (+) and BAC (−), and performed orbital CDUS. Continuous variables obtained from CDUS were compared according to the presence of BAC. Also, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was used to determine the orbital CDUS threshold values for the presence of BAC.

Results

A total of 119 women were included with a median age of 62 years, 57 (47.90%) had BAC. Orbital CDUS examination was performed on both eyes of 119 patients (238 eyes in total). Peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end‐diastolic velocity (EDV) values of the ophthalmic artery (OA) (P < .001) and EDV of the central retinal artery (CRA) (P < .001) were significantly lower in patients with BAC. Pulsatile index (PI) and resistive index (RI) values of OA (P < .001) and CRA (P < .001) were higher in patients with BAC. In ROC analysis, the cut‐off values for the presence of BAC were calculated as OA PI ≥1.415 and OA RI ≥0.755 (P < .001); CRA PI ≥1.135 and CRA RI ≥0.655 (P < .001).

Conclusions

Orbital perfusion disorders may be observed in patients with vascular calcification detected on routine mammography. Therefore, a more detailed evaluation of patients with BAC detected on mammography with orbital CDUS may enable early detection and treatment of ocular vascular problems.
Potential Risk Factors for Developing Cesarean Scar Pregnancy in Women With a History of Cesarean Section
Authors: Liu Shurong , Liu Xiaqin , Chen Qi , Zhao Min , Tang Yunhui
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) occurs in 0.2%–0.5% of women with a previous cesarean section globally. Multiple factors influence the development of CSP; however, to date, the critical factors contributing to the development of CSP have not been fully explored due to its relatively low incidence. Moreover, CSP can be clinically categorized into type 1 and type 2 CSP. In this retrospective study with a large sample size, we investigated potential risk factors that could contribute to CSP development.

Methods

Two hundred‐one women diagnosed with CSP, either type 1 or type 2 CSP, and 1700 pregnant women with a history of cesarean section but without CSP diagnosis in subsequent pregnancy were included. Gravidity, previous live birth(s), consecutive cesarean section(s), surgical abortion(s), the interval between the pregnancies, and maternal age were compared between the 2 groups.

Results

Gravidity, the number of previous live births, the number of previous consecutive cesarean sections, and the number of surgical abortions were significantly associated with CSP development in women with a past cesarean section. This association was regardless of the subtypes of CSP. Notably, the interval between 2 pregnancies was also significantly associated with CSP development, but this association was only seen in type 2 CSP. However, maternal age was not an independent risk factor for CSP development. Additionally, a higher incidence of CSP was observed in China compared to that reported in the literature.

Conclusion

In addition to a previous cesarean section, our study highlights at the number of surgical abortions also contributes to the development of CSP.
EAONO/JOS, STAMCO, ChOLE & Potsic Staging of 271 Pediatric Cholesteatoma: Evidence‐Based Mod‐Pot Staging System
Authors: Marchand Gauthier , Chatelet Florian , Atallah Sarah , Célérier Charlotte , Leboulanger Nicolas , Couloigner Vincent , Loundon Natalie , Garabédian Erea‐Noël , Denoyelle Françoise , Simon François
Published: October 2024

Objective

The objective was to assess Potsic, EAONO/JOS, STAMCO, and ChOLE cholesteatoma staging systems in a large homogenous pediatric cohort with long‐term follow‐up and propose an evidence‐based improved version.

Study design

Cohort study.

Setting

Retrospective study in a tertiary referral center.

Methods

Children with congenital or acquired cholesteatoma who underwent surgery between 2008 and 2015 and had a minimum of five years follow‐up were included. ROC areas under curve (AUCs) were performed for the residual disease proportion, total number of surgeries, hearing, and C‐index for recurrence proportion at the last follow‐up.

Results

Data from 271 ears with cholesteatoma were collected. Mean age at diagnosis was 7.9 years and 77 (28%) were congenital. Almost all patients (99%) had a canal wall up approach. The mean follow‐up was 97.8 months. The Potsic classification, initially designed for congenital cholesteatoma, had the highest AUCs for residual disease rate and for number of surgeries outcomes (respectively 0.73 [0.67–0.78] and 0.71 [0.66–0.77]). For recurrence rate, all the classifications' C‐index were low (<0.7). For postoperative hearing, STAMCO ossicular subscore had the highest AUC (0.73 [0.67–0.79]). The Mod‐Pot staging system (modified Potsic), including stapes superstructure status and anterior epitympanum or supratubal involvement, improved the Potsic performance especially for postoperative hearing with AUC 0.73 [0.67–0.80], p < 0.001.

Conclusion

The Potsic, ChOLE, EAONO/JOS, and STAMCO cholesteatoma classifications may be used in children, but in this specific population, their contribution remains limited to predict outcome. The Mod‐Pot classification improved the performance of pediatric cholesteatoma classification while remaining simple and intuitive.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 135:908–919, 2025
Outcomes after Functional Nasal Surgery in Patients with Versus without Rhinitis Medicamentosa
Authors: Di Ponio Anthony P. , Samad Mohammad‐Nadim , Pellizzari Richard , Mackie Hussein , Deeb Robert H. , Craig John R.
Published: October 2024

Objective

Topical nasal decongestants (TNDs) are used to reduce nasal soft tissue edema and obstruction. However, after frequent TND use, patients can develop rhinitis medicamentosa (RM) with rebound nasal edema and obstruction. Management of RM has centered largely on TND cessation ± intranasal corticosteroids. The purpose of this study was to compare nasal obstruction outcomes following nasal obstruction surgery in patients with versus without RM.

Methods

A retrospective case–control study was conducted with adult patients who underwent bilateral inferior turbinate reduction (ITR) with or without septoplasty and nasal valve repair. Patients with versus without RM were assessed. RM was defined as at least daily TND use for ≥4 weeks. Preoperative and postoperative Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scores, and long‐term TND cessation rates were collected. NOSE score changes were compared between patients with versus without RM.

Results

Of the 36 RM patients, mean age was 52.0 years, and 63.9% were male. Of 116 non‐RM patients, mean age was 41.6 years, and 46.6% were male. Postoperative NOSE scores were collected at a mean 972.1 days postoperatively for RM patients, and 565.0 days for non‐RM patients. Mean NOSE score reductions were − 9.8 for RM and − 8.6 for non‐RM patients, both of which were significant (p < 0.0001). NOSE score reductions were not significantly between the two groups (p = 0.2438). Long‐term TND cessation was maintained in 86.1% of RM patients.

Conclusion

Patients with and without RM achieved similar long‐term significant NOSE score reductions following nasal obstruction surgery, and 86.1% of RM patients maintained long‐term TND cessation.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 135:1015–1020, 2025
Gridded Grazing Intensity Based on Geographically Weighted Random Forest and Its Drivers: A Case Study of Western Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yang Zhihui , Gong Jie , Li Xia , Wang Yonghao , Wang Yixu , Kan Guobin , Shi Jing
Published: October 2024

Overgrazing affects the grass‐livestock balance and endangers grassland ecological security. Despite extensive studies conducted on identifying and quantifying grazing intensity, there is still room for improvement in the research on gridding grazing intensity, particularly in areas with limited data on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Therefore, we proposed a grazing intensity spatialization method using geographically weighted random forest (GWRF) to gain further insights into the spatial heterogeneity of alpine grassland grazing intensity. This method incorporates multiple remote sensing data related to human activities and natural factors, as well as annual livestock statistics at the township level over several years, while adequately considering the spatial autocorrelation of grazing intensity. Additionally, we employed Lindeman Merenda Gold (LMG), the geographical detector model, and the structural equation model (SEM) to assess the contribution and influence path of driving factors to grazing intensity. We also utilize partial correlation analysis and dual‐phase mapping to examine the impact of natural and human activities on the spatial distribution of grazing intensity. The results demonstrate that the GWRF‐based grazing intensity spatial model accurately predicts grazing intensity by demonstrating its consistency with township‐scale livestock data (R
2 = 0.92 (p < 0.01), RMSE = 1.07). This provides valuable technical support for quantifying grazing intensity in alpine pastoral areas with limited data availability. We evaluate trends in grazing intensity and observe an increase in Gar and Purang counties. Furthermore, population density, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and temperature are identified as three influential factors affecting grazing intensity in alpine pastoral areas. Additionally, other factors indirectly impact grazing intensity by influencing population density and NDVI levels, while their interactions amplify their overall influence. The dual‐phase mapping technique has demonstrated a significant impact of population density on 45.92% (p < 0.01) of the study area, emphasizing the substantial influence of human activities on grazing intensity. Our study provides a novel framework for spatially analyzing grazing intensity and unraveling the intricated driving mechanisms behind spatiotemporal changes, particularly in areas with limited data availability.
Integrating Resilience Theory Into a Cultivated Land System: Empirical Insights From China's Key Grain‐Producing Regions
Authors: Yin Xiaonan , Li Zhiyuan , Xu Guoliang , Wan Chunyan
Published: October 2024

Exploring cultivated land use and conservation from a resilience perspective is crucial to address regional food security concerns. This article first examines the theoretical applicability of resilience in the context of cultivated land use systems and subsequently introduces a specific concept of cultivated land system resilience (CLSR). Focusing on the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, a major grain‐producing area in China, the study constructs a measurement system that encompasses five dimensions: endowment of production, socioeconomic factors, scale structure, ecological pressure, and food security. This system is used to evaluate the spatio‐temporal evolution and influencing mechanisms of CLSR in the region from 2001 to 2020. The results indicate that the level of CLSR increased by 7.2% overall and exhibits a distinct spatial pattern, with high‐value areas expanding from the center to the surrounding regions. Furthermore, CLSR shows a positive spatial correlation with rising levels of agglomeration. The spatial heterogeneity of CLSR is influenced by the interaction of various factors, resulting in a partially nonlinear two‐factor enhancement. The influence of each factor varies between different time periods, shifting from ecological pressure to scale structure, ultimately affecting food security. Thus, the resilience perspective offers greater explanatory power to identify key vulnerabilities in the regional cropland system. This approach can improve the efficient allocation of cropland resources and promote sustainable and healthy development at the regional level.
Vegetation, Soil, and Livelihoods: The Complex Effects of Forest Fires on Eastern India's Dry Deciduous Forests
Authors: Banerjee Surajit , Chakraborty Antarlina , Armenteras Dolors , Dutta Dipanwita , Kundu Arnab , Datta Debajit
Published: October 2024

This study, conducted in fire‐prone dry deciduous forests of Ajodhya and Susunia hills, aims to assess the diverse impacts of forest fire events on vegetation health, soil nutrient balance, and availability of nontimber forest products (NTFPs) that conjointly modulate the livelihoods of local communities. Vegetation health and soil nutrient pool were assessed through transect sampling at both fire‐affected (FA) and fire‐unaffected (FU) forest plots of the study area. Two depths (D1: 0–15 cm, D2: 15–30 cm) were considered for soil sampling. Vegetation parameters like basal area, canopy cover, above‐ground biomass, species diversity, and tree density were significantly lower (p < 0.01) in FA compared to FU. Organic C and available N were significantly lower (p < 0.01) at D1 of soils in FA than in FU. Significant differences were found in organic C (p < 0.01), available N (p < 0.001), and available P (p < 0.01) contents of FA and FU plots at D2. Participatory appraisals conducted among the neighboring forest‐dependent communities indicated that almost every forest fire event was human‐induced. These adversely affected extraction of Shorea robusta leaves, fuelwood, wild mushrooms, Madhuca indica fruits, etc. Conversely, Diospyros melanoxylon leaf production increased after 2–3 weeks of fire due to clearing up of hitherto untapped forestlands. Cumulatively, this study uniquely attempts to contextualize the environmental impacts of fire with its socio‐economic ramifications as evident from degrading natural resources, scarcity of essential NTFPs, and escalation in number plus intensity of human–animal conflicts.
Adaptation of a keystone aquatic crustacean to cold temperatures on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhang Xiuping , Wang Lugege , Deng Zhixiong , Blair David , Hu Wei , Yin Mingbo
Published: October 2024

Understanding the genomic architecture of temperature adaptation is critical for characterizing and predicting the effects of temperature changes on natural populations. However, our understanding of these mechanisms is still limited, especially concerning adaptation to a cold climate. Here, we looked for adaptive phenotypic features that may help high‐elevation waterflea (Daphnia sinensis) clones to cope with the low temperatures of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP) and explored possible genomic signatures of adaptation to cold. We used an experimental approach to compare transcriptional responses, in high‐elevation and lowland D. sinensis ecotypes from China to different experimental temperatures (16°C vs. 20°C). We ran life table experiments and found that high‐elevation clones (from the QTP) produced more offspring in their 1st clutch (or over the 1st two clutches) than lowland clones when grown at a lower temperature. This temperature‐dependent life history difference was associated with strong genomic signatures of temperature adaptation: the gene SLC4A11 (encoding a transmembrane protein transporting Na+ and H+), together with its encompassing genomic island, might contribute to the adaptive evolution to the cold temperature experienced by high‐elevation clones. We noted that a set of candidate genes specific to the high‐elevation clones was associated with lipid metabolism, cuticle production, and cellular proliferation, possibly involved in the mechanism of temperature adaptation of these clones to the climate on the QTP. Our findings advance the understanding of how organisms have evolved to cope with cold environments.