bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crystalline sponge X-ray analysis coupled with supercritical fluid chromatography: a novel analytical platform for the rapid separation, isolation, and characterization of analytes
Authors: Taniguchi Yoshimasa , Miwa Mayuka , Kitada Naoki
Published: July 2021

A powerful analytical platform coupling supercritical fluid chromatography with crystalline sponge X-ray diffraction analysis has been developed.
Faster, better, and cheaper: harnessing microfluidics and mass spectrometry for biotechnology
Authors: Ha Noel S. , de Raad Markus , Han La Zhen , Golini Amber , Petzold Christopher J. , Northen Trent R.
Published: July 2021

The integration of mass spectrometry with microfluidics has the potential to create high-throughput, sensitivity, and specificity assays.
Dynamics of proton, ion, molecule, and crystal lattice in functional molecular assemblies
Authors: Akutagawa Tomoyuki , Takeda Takashi , Hoshino Norihisa
Published: July 2021

Dynamic processes such as proton, ion, and molecular rotations enable the fabrication of multifunctional molecular assemblies, while crystal lattice dynamics and molecular conformation changes have been utilised in external stimuli responsive hydrogen-bonding crystals.
A p-type PbS quantum dot ink with improved stability for solution processable optoelectronics
Authors: Ahmed Fiaz , Dunlap John H. , Pellechia Perry J. , Greytak Andrew B.
Published: July 2021

Benzylamine is an effective solvent for a stable, thiol-capped PbS QD ink. Diffusion-ordered NMR demonstrates 3-mercaptopropionic acid binding to the QD surface.
Low-power consumption light-stimulated synaptic transistors based on natural carotene and organic semiconductors
Authors: Yang Ben , Wang Yan , Hua Zhekun , Zhang Junyao , Li Li , Hao Dandan , Guo Pu , Xiong Lize , Huang Jia
Published: July 2021

Low-power consumption light-stimulated synaptic transistors based on natural carotene and organic semiconductors are developed, and functions similar to biological synapses are achieved, which are among the best synaptic devices.
Construction of an iminoketenylidene
Authors: Burt Liam K. , Hill Anthony F.
Published: July 2021

The isonitrile-μ-carbido complexes [WPt(μ-C)Br(CNR)(PPh3)(CO)2(Tp*)] (R = C6H2Me3-2,4,6, C6H3Me2-2,6) rearrange irreversibly to provide the first examples of iminoketenylidene (CCNR) complexes.
Colorimetric and fluorometric dual-readout protein kinase assay by tuning the active surface of nanoceria
Authors: Sun Sujuan , Zhang Lijun , Lu Xiaohui , Ren Wei , Liu Chenghui
Published: July 2021

A colorimetric and fluorometric dual-readout protein kinase assay is proposed through rationally tuning the active surface of nanoceria by phosphorylated peptides.
Design of hierarchical SnSe2 for efficient detection of trace NO2 at room temperature
Authors: Wang Tingting , Wang You , Zheng Shengliang , Sun Quan , Wu Ruozhen , Hao Juanyuan
Published: July 2021

Nanosheet-assembled hierarchical SnSe2 could serve as a new suitable candidate for high-performance room-temperature NO2 gas sensing.
Reshaping the active pocket of esterase Est816 for resolution of economically important racemates
Authors: Liu Xiaolong , Zhao Meng , Fan Xinjiong , Fu Yao
Published: July 2021

Eight 2-arylpropionic acids with high E values were generated by engineered Est816, which overcomes the contradiction between the wide substrate scope and high enantioselectivity of esterases.
All solid thick oxide cathodes based on low temperature sintering for high energy solid batteries
Authors: Han Xiang , Wang Shanyu , Xu Yaobin , Zhong Guiming , Zhou Yang , Liu Bo , Jiang Xiaoyu , Wang Xiang , Li Yun , Zhang Ziqi , Chen Songyan , Wang Chongmin , Yang Yong , Zhang Wenqing , Wang Junlan , Liu Jun , Yang Jihui
Published: July 2021

Low temperature liquid phase sintering enabling solid high energy batteries.
Gastric lipase can significantly increase lipolysis and carotenoid bioaccessibility from plant food matrices in the harmonized INFOGEST static in vitro digestion model
Authors: Iddir Mohammed , Porras Yaruro Juan Felipe , Larondelle Yvan , Bohn Torsten
Published: July 2021

Carotenoid bioaccessibility depends on gastric lipase, but it is often omitted in in vitro digestion. Adding rabbit gastric lipase was superior to R. niveus/oryzae in boosting carotenoid micellization (≈2-fold), but all 3 improved fatty acid release.
Human milk oligosaccharides and non-digestible carbohydrates prevent adhesion of specific pathogensviamodulating glycosylation or inflammatory genes in intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Kong Chunli , Beukema Martin , Wang Min , de Haan Bart J. , de Vos Paul
Published: July 2021

Human milk oligosaccharides 2′-FL and pectins inhibited pathogen adhesion through modulating glycosylation and inflammatory genes in intestinal epithelial cells.
Transformation of arylboronic acids with sodium thiosulfate into organodisulfides catalyzed by a recyclable polyoxometalate-based Cr(iii) catalyst
Authors: Li Huiyi , Tao Chaofu , Xie Ya , Wang Aiping , Chang Yalin , Yu Han , Yu Shunming , Wei Yongge
Published: July 2021

The mild and effective synthesis of symmetric and asymmetric disulfane compounds catalyzed by the polyoxometalate-based Cr(iii) catalyst [NH4]3[CrMo6O18(OH)6] is reported. The catalyst can be reused more than six times with high activity.
Biodegradable chito-beads replacing non-biodegradable microplastics for cosmetics
Authors: Ju Sungbin , Shin Giyoung , Lee Minkyung , Koo Jun Mo , Jeon Hyeonyeol , Ok Yong Sik , Hwang Dong Soo , Hwang Sung Yeon , Oh Dongyeop X. , Park Jeyoung
Published: July 2021

Biodegradable microbeads prepared by reacetylation of chitosan are readily applicable to skin exfoliators as substitutes to synthetic polymers with their suitable mechanical properties and high cleansing efficiencies.
On the chemical interactions of the biomass processing agents γ-valerolactone (GVL) and N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO)
Authors: Jusner Paul , Bacher Markus , Hettegger Hubert , Lê Huy Quang , Potthast Antje , Sixta Herbert , Rosenau Thomas
Published: July 2021

Biomass pretreatment with aqueous NMMO and digestion in GVL are common in biorefineries but their combination can lead to output loss, byproduct generation and uncontrollable reactions. The chemistry of the NMMO/GVL system is investigated in detail.
A highly stable all-in-one photocatalyst for aryl etherification: the NiII embedded covalent organic framework
Authors: Dong Wenbo , Yang Yi , Xiang Yonggang , Wang Shengyao , Wang Pei , Hu Jianxiang , Rao Li , Chen Hao
Published: July 2021

This paper reports that 2D COFs can act as an all-in-one nickel-redox mediated C–O coupling catalyst. Aside from high efficiency and broad substrate compatibility, complete recyclability is another benefit.
Quantitative measurement of the mixture ratio for ADN-based liquid propellants using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Fangyi , Zhang Shaohua , Yu Xilong , Lin Xin , Li Jing , Liu Yan
Published: July 2021

On-line diagnosis of the mixture ratio of an ADN-based propellant in an inert atmosphere is achieved by the analysis of the emission intensity ratio of spectral lines obtained from LIBS in a simulated aerospace set-up environment.
One-pot bottom-up synthesis of a 2D graphene derivative: application in biomolecular recognition and nanozyme activity
Authors: Pandit Subrata , De Mrinmoy
Published: July 2021

A facile synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) graphene like material through a bottom-up approach with controlled functionality and biological applications.
MoS2 and CdMoS4 nanostructure-based UV light photodetectors
Authors: Pawar Mahendra S. , Kadam Sunil R. , Kale Bharat B. , Late Dattatray J.
Published: July 2021

We have developed MoS2 nanosheets and CdMoS4 hierarchical nanostructures based on a UV light photodetector.
Comment on “Atmospheric chemistry of oxazole: the mechanism and kinetic studies on oxidation reaction initiated by OH radicals” by A. Shiroudi, M. A. Abdel-Rahman, A. M. El-Nahas and M. Altarawneh, New J. Chem., 2021, 45, 2237
Authors: Mai Tam V.-T. , Huynh Lam K.
Published: July 2021

The large kinetic discrepancy between computational and experimental studies is resolved using the rigorous stochastic RRKM-based master-equation rate model. Detailed mechanistic insights are also revealed to advance its related applications.
In situ synthesis of layered coal-based carbon/Co porous magnetic composites with promising microwave absorption performance
Authors: Fan Yang , Zhang Ximing , Wang Jingyu , Ren Hengdong , Liu Yin , Bai Hongcun , Kong Ling Bing
Published: July 2021

Coal-based carbon cobalt magnetic composites were synthesized from anthracite and the microwave absorption mechanism.
Fabrication of a micro/nanoscaled hierarchical structure surface on brass with anti-icing and self-cleaning properties
Authors: Jian Yiming , Gao Hongtao , Yan Yuying
Published: July 2021

The micro/nanoscaled hierarchical structure could trap a large volume of air to form an “air-cushion”, which improves the anti-icing and self-cleaning properties.
The antimicrobial potential and pharmacokinetic profiles of novel quinoline-based scaffolds: synthesis and in silico mechanistic studies as dual DNA gyrase and DHFR inhibitors
Authors: El-Shershaby Mohamed H. , El-Gamal Kamal M. , Bayoumi Ashraf H. , El-Adl Khaled , Alswah Mohamed , Ahmed Hany E. A. , Al-Karmalamy Ahmed A. , Abulkhair Hamada S.
Published: July 2021

The resistance of pathogenic microbes to currently available antimicrobial agents has been considered a global alarming concern.
Hollow microspherical carbazole-based conjugated polymers by photoinduced step-growth polymerization
Authors: Celiker Tugba , Suerkan Ali , Altinisik Sinem , Akgun Mert , Koyuncu Sermet , Yagci Yusuf
Published: July 2021

A new photochemical approach for the synthesis of metal-free three-dimensional hollow spherical conjugated polymers is described.
Influence of the tetraalkoxysilane crosslinker on the properties of polysiloxane-based elastomers prepared by the Lewis acid-catalysed Piers-Rubinsztajn reaction
Authors: Hickman Andrew M. , Chmel Nikola , Cameron Neil R. , Keddie Daniel J. , Schiller Tara L.
Published: July 2021

We investigate the influence of the tetrafunctional alkoxysilan R-groups, with a range of sterics and electronics. This is through a solvent free polysiloxane network formation under ambient conditions using Lewis acid catalysed Piers-Rubinsztajn (PR) reaction.
Modulating the kinetics of CoSe2 yolk–shell spheres via nitrogen doping with high pseudocapacitance toward ultra-high-rate capability and high-energy density sodium-ion half/full batteries
Authors: Geng Jitao , Zhang Shiyu , Ang Edison Huixiang , Guo Jia , Jin Zhihua , Li Xiao , Cheng Yafei , Dong Huilong , Geng Hongbo
Published: July 2021

Uniform nitrogen-doped CoSe2 yolk–shell spheres with improved electrochemical kinetics have been synthesized, which deliver excellent sodium storage performance in terms of ultra-high-rate capability and long cycling durability.
Facile synthesis of penta-substituted pyrroles and pyrrole-fused piperidin-4-ones via four component reactions of 2,3-diketoesters, anilines and enaminones
Authors: Yu Tongyan , Ji Fei , Huang Daichuan , Gao Ya , Shi Zhaoping , Sha Xuan , Xu Jiangyan , You Siliang , Zhang Mingzhi , Sha Qiang
Published: July 2021

Novel and facile multicomponent reactions of 2,3-diketoesters, anilines and enaminones were developed. A variety of penta-substituted pyrroles and pyrrole-fused piperidin-4-ones can be easily accessed via interception of cationic intermediates.
Photodegradation of pesticides using compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA): a review
Authors: Cui Guolu , Lartey-Young George , Chen Chong , Ma Limin
Published: July 2021

Pesticides are commonly applied in agriculture to protect crops from pests, weeds, and harmful pathogens.
Fast conversion of lithium (poly)sulfides in lithium–sulfur batteries using three-dimensional porous carbon
Authors: Liang Xinghua , Wu Xi , Zeng Shuaibo , Xu Wei , Jiang Xingtao , Lan Lingxiao
Published: July 2021

A three-dimensional porous carbon was prepared as a sulfur host. It effectively restrains dissolution of polysulfides by improving the conversion kinetics between polysulfides, thereby enhancing the electrochemical cycling stability.
A high throughput computational investigation of the solid solution mechanisms of actinides and lanthanides in zirconolite
Authors: Dimosthenous Stavrina , Handley Christopher M. , Blackburn Lewis R. , Freeman Colin L. , Hyatt Neil C.
Published: July 2021

Computer simulations identify the energetics of different defects in the zirconolite system highlighting the different chemistries and sizes.
Chemistry of trisindolines: natural occurrence, synthesis and bioactivity
Authors: Wati First Ambar , Santoso Mardi , Moussa Ziad , Fatmawati Sri , Fadlan Arif , Judeh Zaher M. A.
Published: July 2021

This in-depth review of trisindolines covers their natural occurrence in addition to several routes of synthesis and catalysts used. The biological activities of trisindolines have been discussed with a special emphasis on the structure–activity relationship.
Structures and conductivities of stable and metastable Li5GaS4 solid electrolytes
Authors: Kimura Takuya , Hotehama Chie , Sakuda Atsushi , Tatsumisago Masahiro , Hayashi Akitoshi
Published: July 2021

A metastable antifluorite-type Li5GaS4 electrolyte prepared by a mechanochemical process exhibits the highest conductivity of 2.1 × 10−5 S cm−1 at 25 °C, which is three orders of magnitude higher than that of the heated Li5GaS4 samples with the stable phase.
Experimental study on the degradation mechanism of LaCoO3-based symmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Chen Xu , Su Qiwei , Yu Jipan , Wei Mingrui , Guo Guanlun , Wang Yun
Published: July 2021

Cycling tests for LaCoO3-based symmetric supercapacitors were carried out. The change in the valence state of Co in the electrode surface active material, LaCoO3, before and after the cycling test was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Novel pyrimidine-bichalcophene derivatives as corrosion inhibitors for copper in 1 M nitric acid solution
Authors: Khaled Mai A. , Ismail Mohamed A. , El-Hossiany Ahmed. A. , Fouda Abd El-Aziz S.
Published: July 2021

This study targets the investigation of three pyrimidine derivatives (MA-1230, MA-1231, MA-1232) for the prevention of corrosion on copper in 1 M HNO3via weight loss (WL), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques.
Cationic polymer-grafted graphene oxide/CNT cathode-coating material for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Jeong Daun , Hong Dong Gi , Yook Jinsol , Koong Chan Yeong , Kim Soohyun , Kim Ki-Hyun , Sohn Kwonnam , Lee Jong-Chan
Published: July 2021

A cathode-coating material composed of cationic polymer-grafted graphene oxide (CPGO) and carbon nanotube (CNT) was prepared and used as a cathode-coating material for lithium sulfur batteries.
Current progress, challenges and future prospects of indazoles as protein kinase inhibitors for the treatment of cancer
Authors: Tandon Nitin , Luxami Vijay , Kant Divya , Tandon Runjhun , Paul Kamaldeep
Published: July 2021

The indazole core is an interesting pharmacophore due to its applications in medicinal chemistry.
Selective hydroxylation of aryl iodides to produce phenols under mild conditions using a supported copper catalyst
Authors: Hao Leiduan , Auni Anika , Ding Guodong , Li Xiaoyu , Xu Haiping , Li Tao , Zhang Qiang
Published: July 2021

Atomically dispersed Cu catalyst was designed for highly efficient hydroxylation of aryl iodides under mild conditions.
A mesoporous silica-supported CeO2/cellulose cathode catalyst for efficient bioelectrochemical reduction of inorganic carbon to biofuels
Authors: Thatikayala Dayakar , Pant Deepak , Min Booki
Published: July 2021

Single chamber MES reactor – microbial reduction synthesis of CO2 to VFA.
CO/light dual-activatable Ru(ii)-conjugated oligomer agent for lysosome-targeted multimodal cancer therapeutics
Authors: Yang Min , Zhao Hao , Zhang Ziqi , Yuan Qiong , Feng Qian , Duan Xinrui , Wang Shu , Tang Yanli
Published: July 2021

The anticancer therapeutics of lysosome disruption/PDT/chemotherapy based on Ru-OTE complex was achieved, which provides a new strategy for developing multimodal and effective stimuli-activatable subcellular organelle-targeted cancer therapeutics.
Direct decarboxylation of ten-eleven translocation-produced 5-carboxylcytosine in mammalian genomes forms a new mechanism for active DNA demethylation
Authors: Feng Yang , Chen Juan-Juan , Xie Neng-Bin , Ding Jiang-Hui , You Xue-Jiao , Tao Wan-Bing , Zhang Xiaoxue , Yi Chengqi , Zhou Xiang , Yuan Bi-Feng , Feng Yu-Qi
Published: July 2021

We demonstrated that the ten-eleven translocation (TET) dioxygenase-mediated oxidation of 5-methylcytosine followed by direct decarboxylation of 5-carboxylcytosine constitutes a novel pathway for active DNA demethylation in mammalian genomes.
Stereoselective rhodium-catalyzed 2-C–H 1,3-dienylation of indoles: dual functions of the directing group
Authors: Zhai Yizhan , Zhang Xue , Ma Shengming
Published: July 2021

A rhodium-catalyzed intermolecular highly stereoselective 1,3-dienylation at the 2-position of indoles with non-terminal allenyl carbonates has been developed by using 2-pyrimidinyl or pyridinyl as the directing group.
Influence of stereochemistry on the activity of rapadocin, an isoform-specific inhibitor of the nucleoside transporter ENT1
Authors: Wang Yuefan , Peng Hanjing , Guo Zufeng , Ullman Brett R. , Yamamoto Kana , Hong Sam Y. , Liu Jun O.
Published: July 2021

Rapadocin is a novel rapamycin-inspired polyketide–tetrapeptide hybrid macrocycle that possesses highly potent and isoform-specific inhibitory activity against the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1).
Borane-catalyzed selective dihydrosilylation of terminal alkynes: reaction development and mechanistic insight
Authors: Wang Guoqiang , Su Xiaoshi , Gao Liuzhou , Liu Xueting , Li Guoao , Li Shuhua
Published: July 2021

A B(C6F5)3/silane-based system enables the chemoselective dihydrosilylation of terminal alkynes. Using a combination of different types of hydrosilanes, a series of unsymmetrical or symmetrical 1,1-bis(silanes) could be constructed.
Plasmon-enabled N2 photofixation on partially reduced Ti3C2 MXene
Authors: Chang Binbin , Guo Yanzhen , Wu Donghai , Li Li , Yang Baocheng , Wang Jianfang
Published: July 2021

N2 photofixation in water is realized under ambient conditions using partially reduced Ti3C2 MXene that is interlaminated with Au nanospheres.
Crystallization pathway from a highly viscous colloidal suspension to ultra-small FAU zeolite nanocrystals
Authors: Awala Hussein , Kunjir Shrikant M. , Aurélie Vicente  , Gilson Jean-Pierre , Valtchev Valentin , Seblani Hussein , Retoux Richard , Lakiss Louwanda , Fernandez Christian , Bedard Robert , Abdo Suheil , Bricker Jeffery , Mintova Svetlana
Published: July 2021

The crystallization kinetics of template free ultra-small FAU-type zeolite (X) in highly alkaline viscous precursor suspensions is investigated.
Chitosan-based materials for supercapacitor applications: a review
Authors: Roy Bijoy Krishna , Tahmid Ishmam , Rashid Taslim Ur
Published: July 2021

Chitosan-based electrodes and electrolytes are optimistic options for supercapacitor applications. They are ecofriendly, biocompatible, and exhibit promising performance with good ionic conductivity, specific capacitance, and power density.
Mechanism of Li nucleation at graphite anodes and mitigation strategies
Authors: Peng Chao , Bhandari Arihant , Dziedzic Jacek , Owen John R. , Skylaris Chris-Kriton , Kramer Denis
Published: July 2021

AIMD simulations show Li favours to nucleate near the zigzag than on the basal plane of graphite anodes due to the topological surface states near the edge. Chemical doping and potential control could be potential strategies to mitigate Li plating.
Recent advances in engineered metal oxide nanostructures for supercapacitor applications: experimental and theoretical aspects
Authors: Kandasamy Manikandan , Sahoo Surjit , Nayak Saroj Kumar , Chakraborty Brahmananda , Rout Chandra Sekhar
Published: July 2021

The review describes the recent progress of engineered metal oxide nanostructures for supercapacitor applications from both experimental and theoretical aspects.
A catechol-chitosan-based adhesive and injectable hydrogel resistant to oxidation and compatible with cell therapy
Authors: Guyot Capucine , Adoungotchodo Atma , Taillades Werner , Cerruti Marta , Lerouge Sophie
Published: July 2021

Highly adhesive and injectable catechol-chitosan hydrogels that are compatible with cell encapsulation have been designed by reducing catechol oxidation using dihydroxybenzoic acid as a catechol-bearing molecule.
The role of morphology, shell composition and protein corona formation in Au/Fe3O4 composite nanoparticle mediated macrophage responses
Authors: He Lihua , Ma Kang , Liu Xiaonan , Li Huixia , Zhang Lei , Tian Miaomiao , Tian Zuhong , Qiang Yujie , Cui Yali , Hua Kai
Published: July 2021

Addressing the nanoparticle-mediated macrophage response profile associated with Au/Fe3O4 composite nanoparticle morphology, shell composition and protein corona patterns.
Correction: A light-up fluorescence resonance energy transfer magnetic aptamer-sensor for ultra-sensitive lung cancer exosome detection
Authors: Zhu Nanhang , Li Guohao , Zhou Juan , Zhang Yujia , Kang Ke , Ying Binwu , Yi Qiangying , Wu Yao
Published: July 2021

Correction for ‘A light-up fluorescence resonance energy transfer magnetic aptamer-sensor for ultra-sensitive lung cancer exosome detection’ by Nanhang Zhu et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2021, 9, 2483–2493, DOI: 10.1039/D1TB00046B.
Negatively charged ions to probe self-assembled monolayer reorganization driven by interchain interactions
Authors: Tricase Angelo , Stefanachi Angela , Picca Rosaria Anna , Macchia Eleonora , Favia Alessandro , Leonetti Francesco , Scamarcio Gaetano , Blasi Davide , Bollella Paolo , Torsi Luisa
Published: July 2021

The kinetics and the diffusional/interpenetration data of the probing species over time as well as the spectroscopic data provide key information on the interchain reorganization in an electric field.
Thickness effect on the ferroelectric properties of La-doped HfO2 epitaxial films down to 4.5 nm
Authors: Song Tingfeng , Bachelet Romain , Saint-Girons Guillaume , Dix Nico , Fina Ignasi , Sánchez Florencio
Published: July 2021

Epitaxial La:HfO2 films of less than 7 nm have a high remanent polarization of about 30 μC cm−2, and show slight wake-up, endurance of at least 1010 cycles and retention of more than 10 years, with both latter properties measured at the same poling voltage.
Intrinsic valley polarization in 2D magnetic MXenes: surface engineering induced spin-valley coupling
Authors: Li Shuo , He Junjie , Grajciar Lukáš , Nachtigall Petr
Published: July 2021

Surface engineering induces intrinsic valley polarizations with diverse magnetic structures in 2D MXenes.
Synthesis and characterization of ultralong copper sulfide nanowires and their electrical properties
Authors: Anichini Cosimo , Czepa Włodzimierz , Aliprandi Alessandro , Consolaro Valentina Girelli , Ersen Ovidiu , Ciesielski Artur , Samorì Paolo
Published: July 2021

We report the synthesis of novel ultralong core–shell Cu2−xS nanowires (NWs). The NWs present high flexibility, stability to acids and oxidants and low resistivity (6.9 × 10−6 Ω m). They also exhibit promising performances as supercapacitors.
Prognostic value of neuron-specific enolase in patients with advanced and metastatic non-neuroendocrine non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Yan Peng , Han Yiming , Tong Anna , Liu Jie , Wang Xinyu , Liu Chuanyong
Published: July 2021

Background: Increased serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) level was found in a substantial proportion (30–69%) of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but little was known about the clinical properties of NSE in NSCLC.

Objective: We aimed to assess the level of serum NSE to predict prognosis and treatment response in patients with advanced or metastatic non-neuroendocrine NSCLC.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 363 patients with advanced and metastatic NSCLC between January 2011 and October 2016. The serum NSE level was measured before initiation of treatment.

Results: Patients with high NSE level (≥26.1 ng/ml) showed significantly shorter progression-free survival (PFS) (5.69 vs 8.09 months; P=0.02) and significantly shorter overall survival (OS) than patients with low NSE level (11.41 vs 24.31 months; P=0.01).

NSE level was an independent prognostic factor for short PFS (univariate analysis, hazard ratio [HR] = 2.40 (1.71–3.38), P<0.001; multivariate analysis, [HR] = 1.81 (1.28–2.56), P=0.001) and OS (univariate analysis, [HR] = 2.40 (1.71–3.37), P<0.001; multivariate analysis, [HR] = 1.76 (1.24–2.50), P=0.002).

Conclusion: The survival of NSCLC patients with high serum NSE level was shorter than that of NSCLC patients with low serum NSE levels. Serum NSE level was a predictor of treatment response and an independent prognostic factor.
First-Year Graduate Clinicians' Perceptions of Synchronous Telepractice Delivery
Authors: Roman Aaron M. , Kim Sojung , Means Jennifer W.
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Telepractice in speech-language pathology is a continually evolving part of clinical service delivery. Despite its popularity, little evidence exists on how to educate beginning-level student clinicians in telepractice provision. The purpose of this study is to assess the perceived comfort level of first-year graduate clinicians providing telepractice services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Identifying these perceptions and potential challenges allows faculty and clinic supervisors to improve their instruction for telepractice service delivery.

Method

Survey data were collected from graduate clinicians (
n
= 23) during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic regarding their perceptions of telepractice-based clinical service delivery.

Results

All student clinicians surveyed had accrued between 1 and 15 hr of telepractice hours during the Spring 2020 semester (February–May 2020). Student clinicians were largely comfortable finding evidence to support therapies, providing basic therapeutic services, and completing clinical documentation for telepractice sessions. They noted challenges in using cloud-based computing software and selecting appropriate therapeutic intervention approaches for telepractice services.

Conclusion

The findings from this study may provide insight into preservice training using telepractice and yield recommendations in integrating telepractice into early graduate training curricula.
Schwangerschaft bei chronisch-entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen
Authors: Roeb Elke
Published: July 2021

Etwa die Hälfte der Patienten mit chronisch-entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen (CED) sind Frauen – die meisten davon sind im reproduktionsfähigen Alter. Die Auswirkungen der CED und ihrer Therapie auf Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit sowie die Auswirkungen einer Schwangerschaft auf die CED und die Gesundheit der Mütter werden häufig mit Angst und Sorge betrachtet. Oft brechen die Patientinnen die Therapie ab, was ein signifikantes Risiko für eine Verschlechterung der Krankheitsaktivität und somit das größte bekannte Risiko für Schwangerschaft und Geburt bedeutet. Um Frauen und Schwangere mit CED optimal betreuen zu können, ist immer ein interdisziplinäres Behandlungsteam erforderlich, das bei Diagnostik, Therapie und Prävention zusammenarbeitet.
Hypernatremic Dehydration Risk Factors in Newborns: Prospective Case-Controlled Study
Authors: Celik Kiymet , Ozbek Aylin , Olukman Ozgur , Isleten Figen , Calkavur Sebnem
Published: July 2021

Background The prevalence of hypernatremic dehydration (HND) has increased in recent years most likely due to insufficient intake of breast milk as the most important factor. This study aimed to investigate risk factors of HND.

Methods In this study, 47 neonates whom were diagnosed to have HND were included in the study group and 96 healty neonates whom were included in the control group. While demographic data of the patients were recorded, mothers were asked to fill out the sociodemographic/ psychosocial data form, Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale(EPDS) and STAI I and II State and Trait Anxiety Scale. Breast milk sodium concentrations were studied from mothers of all infants. The relationship between the development of neonatal HND and risk factors affecting this condition were evaluated.

Results Being the first-born baby of the family was found to be a significant risk factor for HND. Breast milk sodium concentration was 25.8±7.9 mmol/L in the HND group which was significantly higher than the control group. Median depression score was similar in both groups and there was no statistical difference in terms of groups. The anxiety score was higher in the control group compared to the study group. There was no difference in terms of other sociodemographic / psychosocial data of mothers.

Conclusion Primiparity or insufficient breastfeeding may result in elevated breast milk sodium levels and related neonatal HND. Breastfeeding support should principally target primiparous women to improve breastfeeding outcomes like as especially HND.
Das eigene Bindungstrauma überwinden
Authors: Braune-Krickau Katrin , Wyl Agnes von
Published: July 2021

Belastende oder sogar traumatisierende Bindungserfahrungen von Eltern können den Bindungsaufbau zum eigenen Baby stören. Hebammen können die Entstehung einer guten Eltern-Kind-Beziehung fördern und gezielt Möglichkeiten aufzeigen, wie sich Schwierigkeiten in der Bezogenheit zwischen Eltern und Kind überwinden lassen.
Thermal oxidative degradation and ageing performance of silicone rubber filled with attapulgite
Authors: Zhao Hua-hua , Song Huan-ling , Tao Xin-yao , Chen Ge-xin , Wang Ai-qin , Chou Ling-jun
Published: July 2021

The natural attapulgite (NAPT) was disaggregated by high-pressure homogenization technology combined with extrusion process to prepare the attapulgite with disaggregated rod crystal bundles (DAPT) and large specific surface area of 133.7 m2/g. NAPT and DAPT were incorporated into the silicone rubber to obtain the composite NAPT-SR and DAPT-SR by mechanical blending method, respectively. After thermal oxidative ageing at 300 °C for 0.5 h, temperature for the 5% weight loss increased greatly from 385 °C of the neat silicone rubber to 396−399 °C with addition of NAPT and DAPT. NAPT and DAPT enhanced the interaction between the filler nanoparticles and rubber matrix thus inhibited the nanoparticle agglomeration. The conservation rate of the side methyl group in NAPT-SR and DAPT-SR was greatly improved after ageing. Therefore, the thermal oxidative degradation and ageing performance of the silicone rubber composites was significantly reinforced. Moreover, DAPT could greatly restrain the growth of nanoparticles after ageing. Therefore, DAPT-SR showed the better retention of tensile strength (40.6%), elongation at break (34.9%) and tear strength (30.1%) compared with the corresponding mechanical properties of the neat silicone rubber (10.6%, 7.4%, and 5.0%) after ageing.
Horizon: Microfluidic platform for the production of therapeutic microbubbles and nanobubbles
Authors: Abou-Saleh Radwa H. , Armistead Fern J. , Batchelor Damien V. B. , Johnson Benjamin R. G. , Peyman Sally A. , Evans Stephen D.
Published: July 2021

Microbubbles (MBs) have a multitude of applications including as contrast agents in ultrasound imaging and as therapeutic drug delivery vehicles, with further scope for combining their diagnostic and therapeutic properties (known as theranostics). MBs used clinically are commonly made by mechanical agitation or sonication methods, which offer little control over population size and dispersity. Furthermore, clinically used MBs are yet to be used therapeutically and further research is needed to develop these theranostic agents. In this paper, we present our MB production instrument “Horizon,” which is a robust, portable, and user-friendly instrument, integrating the key components for producing MBs using microfluidic flow-focusing devices. In addition, we present the system design and specifications of Horizon and the optimized protocols that have so far been used to produce MBs with specific properties. These include MBs with tailored size and low dispersity (monodisperse); MBs with a diameter of ∼2 μm, which are more disperse but also produced in higher concentration; nanobubbles with diameters of 100–600 nm; and therapeutic MBs with drug payloads for targeted delivery. Multiplexed chips were able to improve production rates up to 16-fold while maintaining production stability. This work shows that Horizon is a versatile instrument with potential for mass production and use across many research facilities, which could begin to bridge the gap between therapeutic MB research and clinical use.
Quantifying scaling exponents for neurite morphology of in vitro-cultured human iPSC-derived neurons using discrete Loewner evolution: A statistical−physical approach to the neuropathology in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Shibasaki Yusuke , Maeda Narumi , Oshimi Chihiro , Shirakawa Yuka , Saito Minoru
Published: July 2021

Defining the morphological disorders causing neurodegenerative diseases is an unresolved problem. In this study, we propose a statistical−physical approach to quantify neurite morphology and evaluate the pathological states induced by Alzheimer's disease (AD). We analyzed the two-dimensional morphologies of neurites of in vitro-cultured human induced-pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons, reprogrammed from both a healthy person and a patient with AD, using discrete chordal Loewner evolution. For the numerically calculated Loewner driving forces, detrended fluctuation analysis was performed, and the morphological characteristics of the neurites were quantified using short-range and long-range scaling exponents. The day in vitro (DIV)-dependent behaviors of the scaling exponents and the associated neurite-type categorizations suggested that differences between healthy and AD neurites can be observed from the early stage (DIV3) of their development. Notably, AD neurites have less long-range autocorrelations than healthy neurites, particularly in the earlier stages (DIV3–10). Immunofluorescence-staining results suggested that these differences precede significant expressions of β-amyloid and phosphorylated tau, which are known as biological factors causing AD. We expect that these results will lead to a theoretical interpretation of the neurogenerative disease, providing the physical properties of individual neurites with different morphologies.
Silicon photonic quantum computing with spin qubits
Authors: Yan Xiruo , Gitt Sebastian , Lin Becky , Witt Donald , Abdolahi Mahssa , Afifi Abdelrahman , Azem Adan , Darcie Adam , Wu Jingda , Awan Kashif , Mitchell Matthew , Pfenning Andreas , Chrostowski Lukas , Young Jeff F.
Published: July 2021

Universal quantum computing holds the promise to fundamentally change today’s information-based society, yet a hardware platform that will provide a clear path to fault-tolerant quantum computing remains elusive. One recently proposed platform involves the use of circuit-bound photons to build cluster states and perform one-way measurement-based quantum computations on arrays of long-coherence-time solid-state spin qubits. Herein, we discuss the challenges that are faced during any practical implementation of this architecture by itemizing the key physical building blocks and the constraints imposed on the spin qubits and the photonic circuit components by the requirements of fault-tolerant performance. These considerations point to silicon as a leading candidate to host such a platform, and a roadmap for developing a silicon photonic circuit-based platform for measurement-based, fault-tolerant universal quantum computing is offered.
Strain induced second-order Jahn–Teller reconstruction and magnetic moment modulation at monovacancy in graphene
Authors: Andreasen Claire , Hao Tengyuan , Hatoum Julia , Hossain Zubaer M.
Published: July 2021

Using density functional theory simulations, we examine the electronic structure of an isolated monovacancy defect in graphene under symmetry-breaking deformation. Results show that the defect experiences a second-order Jahn–Teller reconstruction at a critical strain of 1.7%. It stabilizes the orientation of the JT bond relative to the loading direction and breaks the threefold degeneracy of the defect structure. We call it Jahn–Teller re-reconstruction (JTRR), and it is mechanically reversible. The reversibility and stabilization of the orientation depend on the direction cosine between the JT bond and the loading direction. Also, a change in the loading direction by 90° can change the orientation of the JT bond by 120°. An atomic-scale analysis suggests that the maximum bond force arising from “the derivative of the kinetic energy of electrons” defines the critical strain. JTRR alters the electron occupation in the individual electronic orbitals at the defect site. The electronic charge redistribution and the density of states at the defective sites reveal that the pz orbitals dominate the reconstruction process. Furthermore, JTRR changes the magnitude of the magnetic moment at the defective site from 1.36 μB to 1.22 μB. This unravels a new way of controlling the magnetic behavior of monovacancy by applying symmetry-breaking mechanical strain. Results also show that passivation of the dangling bond can subside or eliminate the reconstruction process depending on the number of valence electrons available in the passivating atom.
Fabrication of ultra-high Q silica microdisk using chemo-mechanical polishing
Authors: Honari S. , Haque S. , Lu T.
Published: July 2021

Here, we demonstrate that adding a chemo-mechanical polishing procedure to conventional photolithography, a silica microdisk with ultra-high quality factors (>108) can be fabricated. By comparing the intrinsic optical quality factor (Q) measured at 1550, 970, and 635 nm wavelengths, we observe that due to the significantly reduced surface roughness and the hydrophilic nature of the disk surface, at 1550 nm wavelength, the water molecule absorption at the cavity surface supersedes Rayleigh scattering as the dominant factor for Q degradation.
Magnetic field modulated photoelectric devices in ferromagnetic semiconductor CrXh (X = S/Se, h = Cl/Br/I) van der Waals heterojunctions
Authors: Gao Yinlu , Liu Qinxi , Zhu Yan , Jiang Xue , Zhao Jijun
Published: July 2021

The interactive control between electron charge and spin is essential to spintronics. Two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic semiconductors (FMSs) are a kind of unique candidate materials that could lead to flexible magnetoelectric and magneto-optic applications. In this Letter, we construct a series of van der Waals heterostructures by 2D magnetic CrXh (X = S/Se, h = Cl/Br/I) monolayers. Based on first-principles calculations, both monolayers and heterostructures have been demonstrated as intrinsic FMSs with large magnetic moments, suitable bandgaps, good carrier mobility, and high Curie temperatures. Taking advantage of the heterojunction effect, one can precisely control the charge transport behavior by forming three types of band alignments. Under an external alternating magnetic field, CrSeBr/CrSeCl and CrSBr/CrSI heterostructures can reversibly reconfigure between type-II and type-I band alignments upon switching of the spin direction. Combining the robust magnetic ordering and distinctive spin-polarized band alignment, our designed CrXh based magnetic heterostructures are ideal candidates for innovative magnetic-field-modulated photoelectric devices for realizing ultrarapid and reversible “write-read” processes.
Up-regulation of gasdermin C in mouse small intestine is associated with lytic cell death in enterocytes in worm-induced type 2 immunity
Authors: Xi Ranhui , Montague Julia , Lin Xiaoli , Lu Chanyi , Lei Weiwei , Tanaka Keisuke , Zhang Yali V. , Xu Xin , Zheng Xin , Zhou Xuedong , Urban Joseph F. , Iwatsuki Ken , Margolskee Robert F. , Matsumoto Ichiro , Tizzano Marco , Li Jiyao , Jiang Peihua
Published: July 2021

Significance

Despite improved understanding of cellular and molecular events mediating type 2 immune responses in the gut, how these changes facilitate worm expulsion remains largely unknown. We identified pyroptosis-effector gasdermin C genes (
Gsdmc
s) as type 2 cytokine-regulated target genes in intestinal epithelial cells. Furthermore, we showed that overexpression of Gsdmc2 triggered pyroptosis. Organoid cultures and in vivo mouse models were used to show that activating type 2 immunity leads to lytic cell death in gut epithelium and cleavage of Gsdmcs. We thus revealed a role of gasdermin-mediated lytic cell death in worm-induced type 2 immunity. Parasitic infection often leads to malnutrition and retarded growth; since this may involve villus atrophy, gasdermin activity may provide a pharmaceutical target for treatment.
The effect of RNA polymerase V on 24-nt siRNA accumulation depends on DNA methylation contexts and histone modifications in rice
Authors: Zheng Kezhi , Wang Lili , Zeng Longjun , Xu Dachao , Guo Zhongxin , Gao Xiquan , Yang Dong-Lei
Published: July 2021

Significance

Rice RNA polymerase V (Pol V) influences the accumulation of 24-nucleotide small interfering RNAs (24-nt siRNAs) in a locus-specific manner. Accumulation of 24-nt siRNAs is dependent on Pol V on loci with high CHH methylation levels, low CG and CHG methylation levels, and high active histone modifications. In contrast, a low methylation level in the CHH context, high methylation levels in CG and CHG contexts, and enrichment of repressive histone modifications predispose 24-nt siRNA accumulation to be independent of Pol V. DNA methylation is essential for 24-nt siRNA biosynthesis on Pol V–dependent loci but not on Pol V–independent loci. Our results suggest that monocot Pol V–transcribed scaffold RNAs are essential for reproductive development and 24-nt siRNA biosynthesis on euchromatin.
Membrane association of importin α facilitates viral entry into salivary gland cells of vector insects
Authors: Ma Yonghuan , Lu Hong , Wang Wei , Zhu Jiaming , Zhao Wan , Cui Feng
Published: July 2021

Significance

The importin α family is well known as a cargo transporter from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, with diverse functions in eukaryotes. However, some members of the importin α family also localize to the cell membrane. Here, we report that a cell membrane–associated importin α takes part in viral transmission by vector insects. Importin α2 of the small brown planthopper binds the rice stripe virus on the proteoglycans of the cell membrane and efficiently controls viral entry into insect salivary glands and subsequent transmission to rice. These findings not only demonstrate the specific function of importin α in the cell membrane utilized by viruses, but also provide a promising target gene for preventing outbreaks of rice stripe disease.
Sulfatides are endogenous ligands for the TLR4–MD-2 complex
Authors: Su Lijing , Athamna Muhammad , Wang Ying , Wang Junmei , Freudenberg Marina , Yue Tao , Wang Jianhui , Moresco Eva Marie Y. , He Haoming , Zor Tsaffrir , Beutler Bruce
Published: July 2021

Significance

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is an innate immune receptor that initiates inflammation when activated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. It may also be activated by endogenous host molecules, leading to autoinflammation and autoimmunity. We demonstrate that several sulfatide species, natural membrane glycolipids in mammals, are bona fide ligands for TLR4 and its coreceptor myeloid differentiation factor-2 (MD-2). Sulfatides with lipid chains containing 12 or 16 carbon atoms are agonists of mouse TLR4 and antagonists of human TLR4. We determined the crystal structure of the mouse TLR4–MD-2 extracellular domain in complex with C16-sulfatide at 2.1-Å resolution, providing definitive evidence of direct interaction. Structure–activity relationship studies suggest a structural basis for the differential effects of sulfatides interacting with human and mouse receptors.
Aurora A kinase activation: Different means to different ends
Authors: Tavernier Nicolas , Sicheri Frank , Pintard Lionel
Published: July 2021

Aurora A is a serine/threonine kinase essential for mitotic entry and spindle assembly. Recent molecular studies have revealed the existence of multiple, distinct mechanisms of Aurora A activation, each occurring at specific subcellular locations, optimized for cellular context, and primed by signaling events including phosphorylation and oxidation.
Reversal of emphysema by restoration of pulmonary endothelial cells
Authors: Hisata Shu , Racanelli Alexandra C. , Kermani Pouneh , Schreiner Ryan , Houghton Sean , Palikuqi Brisa , Kunar Balvir , Zhou Aiyuan , McConn Keith , Capili Allyson , Redmond David , Nolan Daniel J. , Ginsberg Michael , Ding Bi-Sen , Martinez Fernando J. , Scandura Joseph M. , Cloonan Suzanne M. , Rafii Shahin , Choi Augustine M.K.
Published: July 2021

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is marked by airway inflammation and airspace enlargement (emphysema) leading to airflow obstruction and eventual respiratory failure. Microvasculature dysfunction is associated with COPD/emphysema. However, it is not known if abnormal endothelium drives COPD/emphysema pathology and/or if correcting endothelial dysfunction has therapeutic potential. Here, we show the centrality of endothelial cells to the pathogenesis of COPD/emphysema in human tissue and using an elastase-induced murine model of emphysema. Airspace disease showed significant endothelial cell loss, and transcriptional profiling suggested an apoptotic, angiogenic, and inflammatory state. This alveolar destruction was rescued by intravenous delivery of healthy lung endothelial cells. Leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein-1 (LRG1) was a driver of emphysema, and deletion of Lrg1 from endothelial cells rescued vascular rarefaction and alveolar regression. Hence, targeting endothelial cell biology through regenerative methods and/or inhibition of the LRG1 pathway may represent strategies of immense potential for the treatment of COPD/emphysema.
A dark side to NS1 antibodies?
Authors: Robbiani Davide F. , Růžek Daniel
Published: July 2021

The NS1 protein of flaviviruses is taking center stage. Recent work has made it an attractive target for development of vaccines and immunotherapeutics. Cavazzoni and colleagues (2021. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20210580) now reveal a dark side to NS1, linking it to the development of self-reactive antibodies.
Fast-shear-flow generated multiple magnetic islands and Alfvénic resonance layers in magnetic reconnection
Authors: Li LingJie
Published: July 2021

Magnetic reconnection in the presence of fast sheared plasma flows is investigated using two-dimensional incompressible resistive MHD simulation. It is found that if the initial shear-flow velocity is sufficiently large, multiple Alfvén resonance layers can be formed in the inflow region away from the reconnection separatrices. In particular, two Alfvén layers are formed when the initial asymptotic flow velocity is twice the Alfvén velocity. The Alfvén layers are located in the narrow regions where the flow speed equals or twice the local Alfvén speed. The formation and evolution of the Alfvén layers and magnetic islands are analyzed. It is suggested that the geometry of the magnetic field lines during the islands complex inosculated process is related to the local distribution of velocities. The results may be applied to where the magnetic reconnection occurs with large plasma shear flows in laboratory and space plasma.