bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Penerapan Prinsip Good Governance pada Kinerja Keuangan Organisasi Nirlaba
Authors: Ramadhan Achmad Zuhri , Suryaningrum Diah Hari
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan prinsip good governance pada kinerja keuangan organisasi nirlaba. Orrganisasi nirlaba perlu adanya tata kelola yang disusun dengan baik agar setiap tujuan organisasi dapat terwujud secara efektif dan efesien serta transparansi kepada masyarakat. Kinerja keuangan berkaitan erat dengan pengukuran dan penilaian kinerja organisasi sesuai jenis-jenis akuntansi keuangan. Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah Forum Lingkar Pena Surabaya, FLP termasuk organisasi nirlaba yang bergerak dalam dakwah kepenulisan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Metode penelitian yang berusaha mengumpulkan, menyusun, serta menyajikan sehingga hasil penelitian gambaran yang jelas pada obyek yang diteliti. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa FLP Surabaya belum sepenuhnya menerapkan prinsip good governance dan kinerja keuangan yang tidak sesuai dengan PSAK 45.
Analysis System Payroll And Calculation Employee Salaries At Pt Lautan Jaya Semesta
Authors: Aliyah Umdatul , Nugraha Angga , Sofiyah Siti
Published: October 2023

Purpose - This research was conducted at PT Lautan Jaya Semesta which aims to analyze the recitation system and calculation of employee gait at PT Lautan Jaya Semesta. Data collection techniques used are interviews and phaevas.

Design/methodology/approach - The interview method is used to ask questions related to the calculation of employee salaries at PT Lautan Jaya. Semesta While the Observation Method is the data obtained about the payroll system.

Finding - Based on the research results, the payroll system at PT Lautan Jaya Semesta can be said to be quite good because it involves important elements, including a network of procedures that make up the payroll system, related functions or sections in the payroll system, documents used . in the payroll system and interim control of the payroll system. consisting of organizations that have separate divisions, authorization systems and schat practices. While the calculation of the employee's net salary is obtained from the basic salary plus overtime pay, the meal allowance is reduced by deductions for PPH 21, BPJS.

Originality-
The impact of financial risk management on firm performance: a study in financial management practices
Authors: Chitta Shyamsunder , Soni Hariprasad
Published: October 2023

In the framework of financial management techniques, this study explores the crucial link between financial risk management and corporate success. The study explores how effective risk management techniques have a direct impact on the overall performance of organizations via extensive research and analysis. The study highlights the important role that proactive risk management plays in boosting a firm's stability, profitability, and long-term growth by looking at a variety of risk reduction approaches and their results. The results highlight how crucial it is to implement effective financial risk management procedures in order to deal with uncertainties, allocate resources efficiently, and ultimately achieve sustained success in today's changing business environment.
Direitos humanos (e) fundamentais: a influência do direito internacional dos direitos humanos na ordem constitucional
Authors: Munhoz André Ricardo Antonovicz , Munhoz Ana Vilma Santana , Munhoz Larissa Gabrieli dos Santos
Published: October 2023

Numa análise retrospectiva verifica-se desde tempos remotos ter havido acentuado desrespeito à condição humana. Paulatinamente foram sendo reconhecidos direitos inerentes à pessoa como consectário da sua dignidade. Notadamente após as atrocidades cometidas nas Grandes Guerras, firmou-se entre os países a necessidade da proteção universal à pessoa, levando à constituição da Organização das Nações Unidas e, por conseguinte, à Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho centra-se na discussão dos direitos humanos e a internalização desses direitos no plano interno dos Estados. A metodologia empregada é da pesquisa bibliográfica. Considerou-se que a afirmação dos direitos humanos segue um curso evolutivo no âmbito internacional e interno de cada país como fator fundamental para assegurar a proteção da pessoa exclusivamente por sua condição de ser humano. Dessa forma, cada vez mais deve-se tutelar a dignidade da pessoa através da efetivação dos direitos já reconhecidos e, paralelamente, ampliar o leque desses direitos correspondentemente às novas demandas por direitos advinda da evolução social e tecnológica.
Pyogenic Granuloma Treated with Topical Timolol: A Case Series
Authors: Ramteke Manjeet Naresh , Khemani Usha Naraindas
Published: October 2023

Pyogenic Granulomas (PGs) are benign vascular tumours primarily treated with surgical procedures. Recently, topical Timolol, a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist, has been used for the treatment of PG due to its vasoconstrictive, anti-angiogenic, and wound healing properties. Herein, the authors presented a case series of 12 patients (10 males and two females) with red papules and nodules that spontaneously bleed. The age of the patients ranged from 7-51 years, and the duration of lesions ranged from one week to nine months. The lesions were located on the face, neck, hand, and mucosa. All patients were treated with topical Timolol maleate 0.5% drops twice daily for four weeks and followed-up weekly for four weeks. The treatment efficacy was evaluated based on complete response, partial response, or no response. Changes in colour, size, bleeding tendency, and adverse events were also assessed. Two patients showed complete resolution, while the bleeding tendency improved in the other patients. No side effects were encountered, except in one patient where the lesion increased in size and became secondarily infected. Thus, topical timolol appeared to provide symptomatic improvement by reducing bleeding and lesion size without any side effects. It can be considered as an alternative therapeutic option for small, uncomplicated classical PG.
p63 as an Ideal Diagnostic Marker for Pleomorphic Adenoma: An Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Devi Anju , Narwal Anjali , Kamboj Mala , Gupta Shruti , Pandiar Deepak
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Pleomorphic Adenoma (PA) histopathologically represents a heterogeneous lesion with a varying proportion of epithelial and mesenchymal components. Due to its morphological diversity, a diagnostic dilemma often arises when identifying its various patterns. This diverse morphology is considered to be a function of the neoplastic myoepithelium. Tumor protein 63 (p63) is expressed in stratified epithelia and in the basal cells of salivary glands. Aim: To investigate the immunoreactivity of p63 as a reliable myoepithelial marker in PA. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology at PGIDS, Rohtak, Haryana, India. The duration of the study was 14 months, from March 2015 to April 2016. A total of 15 tissue blocks of histopathologically diagnosed cases of PA were included from departmental archives and subjected to Immunohistochemistry (IHC) using a monoclonal p63 antibody. The myoepithelium was classified as myoepithelial-like (abluminal and spindled), modified myoepithelium (myxoid and chondroid), and transformed myoepithelium (solid epithelioid, squamous, and basaloid cribriform). IHC for p63 was assessed in each myoepithelial component, as well as in non neoplastic Myoepithelial Cells (MEC) and inner tubular epithelial cells. Only nuclear staining for p63 was considered positive. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis, and the Chi-square test was applied. Results: The PA samples subjected to IHC showed 100% p63 reactivity. Transformed MEC, abluminal, and modified MEC revealed variable immunostaining with a significant difference (p=0.049). There was no immunostaining in luminal/inner layer cells in all cases of PA. p63 was also expressed in the nuclei of MEC of acini and intercalated ducts of normal salivary gland tissue. Conclusion: p63 is a sensitive and specific myoepithelial marker to identify MEC in PA. Additionally, the expression of MECassociated markers in acini and intercalated ducts of normal salivary glands has confirmed their role in the histogenesis of this tumour.
Assessment of Tumour Budding in Colorectal Carcinoma and its Correlation with Pathological Staging among Patients undergoing Resection at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kerala, India
Authors: Mohan Neha , Kalaranjini KV , Mohandas Limi
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Colorectal Carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed carcinomas and a significant cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The prognosis and treatment decisions rely on the Tumour, Node, Metastasis (TNM) Staging system. However, some tumours are classified as low-risk based on TNM stage exhibit adverse outcomes. Therefore, the search for additional prognostic factors is necessary. Tumour budding is an established independent prognostic factor, with high-grade tumour budding consistently linked to lymph node metastasis, local recurrence, and distant metastasis. Aim: To assess and grade tumour budding in CRC cases and examine its correlation with pathological staging. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 95 patients between December 2019 and December 2021 at Sree Gokulam Medical College and Research Foundation, Venjaramood, Trivandrum, India. Resected specimens from CRC patients were processed, and Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) slides were examined for tumour budding assessment. Ten individual fields were scanned under a 10x objective to locate the hotspot area with the maximum number of tumour buds. Tumour buds were then counted under a 40x objective in the selected hotspot area. Tumour budding was categorised as low (0-1 bud), intermediate (2-4 buds), or high (5 or more buds). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis with Pancytokeratin was carried out when assessment with H&E slides alone was difficult. The correlation between tumour budding and pathological staging was evaluated, along with its association with various histopathological parameters. Results: The study included 95 patients, with a mean age of 68.22 years, comprising 58.95% males and 41.05% females. Low-grade tumour budding was observed in 42 (44.21%) cases, intermediate-grade budding in 34 (35.79%) cases, and highgrade tumour budding in 19 (20%) cases. There was a significant correlation between tumour budding and pathological staging (r-value=0.39) as well as the number of metastatic lymph nodes (r-value=0.34). The presence of lymph node metastasis and lymphovascular Invasion (LVI) showed a statistically significant association (p-value<0.01). Conclusion: Tumour budding grading is a valuable histopathological finding, as it increases with higher T stage and presence of nodal metastasis, aiding in the prediction of nodal metastasis and recurrence. It is positively correlated with pathological staging and the number of metastatic lymph nodes. Including tumour budding grade in the histopathology report can assist clinicians in assessing prognosis and making treatment decisions.
Utility of Prospective Step Sections followed by Reverse Embedding Technique in Increasing Diagnostic Accuracy of Skin Biopsies
Authors: Manjunath HK , Bhargavi M , Dharani VC , Thej MJ , Lakshmidevi M , Mythri BM , Vinitra K , Akshatha B
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Small skin biopsies offer a cosmetic advantage to the patient but may provide limited information for making a diagnosis. Non specific and overlapping microscopic features often seen on superficial histopathology sections contribute to this challenge. In such cases, the use of step deeper and reverse embedding (re-embedding) sections has utility in improving diagnostic accuracy in dermatopathology practice. Aim: To examine the use of prospective step sectioning and reverse embedding in skin biopsies to improve diagnosis. Materials and Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional study included 200 consecutive skin biopsies received in the Department of Pathology, BGS Global Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, over an eight-month period from June 2022 to January 2023. Only skin biopsies smaller than 5 mm were included, while large punch biopsies (larger than 5 mm) were excluded. For each sample, a superficial section, step deeper section, and reverse embed section were taken. The pathologist reviewed the microscopic findings and rendered a diagnosis on the first slide. The other two slides were then reviewed, and the information provided by slides 2 and 3 was categorised as either no new information, additional information to make a diagnosis, or a change in diagnosis. Any change in diagnosis based on the information from slides 2 and 3 was noted and analysed. Results: Out of the 200 skin biopsies studied, 32 cases (16%) were non diagnostic on the first slide. Step deeper sections helped in making a diagnosis in 16 (8%) cases, and reverse embedding aided in the diagnosis of 9 (4.5%) cases. For the remaining seven cases where no additional information was obtained even after deeper and reverse embed sectioning, a descriptive report was provided. In eight (4%) cases out of the 200 biopsies where a diagnosis was made on the first slide, deeper/reverse embedding led to a change in diagnosis. Thus, deeper sectioning and reverse embedding improved diagnostic accuracy in 33 cases out of the total 200 skin biopsies studied (16.5%). Conclusion: This study highlights the utility of step deeper and reverse embed (re-embedded) sections in increasing diagnostic accuracy in small skin biopsies. Therefore, implementation of standardised protocol for studying multiple sections of small skin biopsies before rendering a diagnosis can significantly reduce diagnostic errors and aid in providing appropriate treatment to patients.
Evaluation of Late Toxicities in Postoperative Cases of Oral Cavity Cancer Treated by Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT): A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Mishra Himanshu , Pandey Ankita , Mishra Ritusha , Singh Shreya , Mandal Abhijit , Singh Tej Bali , Prakash Chandra
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Surgical intervention serves as the primary treatment modality for operable oral cavity cancer. However, patients with locally advanced disease or unfavourable prognostic factors often require adjuvant Radiotherapy (RT) with or without concurrent Chemotherapy (CT). Advanced radiation techniques, such as Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT), have shown potential in minimising radiation-related toxicities while ensuring effective tumour control. Aim: To assess common late toxicities, namely xerostomia, dysphagia, and hoarseness, in patients with postoperative Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity, who received adjuvant RT or concurrent Chemo-Radiotherapy (CRT) utilising IMRT with a Simultaneous Integrated Boost (SIB) approach. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in the Department of Radiotherapy at IMS, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, from June 2018 to December 2021. Study was done using the medical records of 62 patients with SCC of the oral cavity and received adjuvant radiation by the IMRT technique with or without concurrent CT. Late toxicities were evaluated according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0 (CTCAE v3.0). Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 28.0, and a logistic regression model was used to establish the association between Organ-At-Risk (OAR) doses and the development of late toxicities. Results: The median age of the study participants was 45 years (range: 25-68), and 95.2% (n=59) of the patients were male. A total of 62 patients (59 male, 3 female) were included. The median follow-up duration was 21.5 months. At two years, the cumulative incidence of xerostomia, dysphagia, and hoarseness was 28.5% (n=8), 21.4% (n=6), and 28.5% (n=8), respectively. Logistic regression showed that both the D mean of >26 Gy to the contralateral parotid (HR=4.32; 95% CI, 1.03- 18.05; p=0.045) and the D mean of >26 Gy to the contralateral Submandibular Gland (SMG) (HR=6.41; 95% CI, 1.48-27.81; p=0.013) were significantly associated with the incidence of xerostomia. The D mean of >47 Gy to the pharyngeal constrictors (HR=17.89; 95% CI, 3.15-101.62; p=0.001) and the D mean of >50 Gy to the larynx (HR=5.77; 95% CI, 1.82-18.24; p=0.003) had a significantly high risk of dysphagia and hoarseness, respectively. Conclusion: Adjuvant IMRT resulted in acceptable rates of late toxicities in oral cancer. Doses to the contralateral parotid and SMGs, pharyngeal constrictors, and larynx had a significant impact on late xerostomia, dysphagia, and hoarseness, respectively.
NOTCH1 and CREBBP co‐mutations negatively affect the benefit of adjuvant therapy in completely resected EGFR‐mutated NSCLC: translational research of phase III IMPACT study
Authors: Ikeda Satoshi , Tsuboi Masahiro , Sakai Kazuko , Misumi Toshihiro , Akamatsu Hiroaki , Shoda Hiroyasu , Sakakura Noriaki , Nakamura Atsushi , Ohde Yasuhisa , Hayashi Hidetoshi , Okishio Kyoichi , Okada Morihito , Yoshino Ichiro , Okami Jiro , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Ikeda Norihiko , Tanahashi Masayuki , Tambo Yuichi , Saito Haruhiro , Toyooka Shinichi , Inokawa Hidetoshi , Chen‐Yoshikawa Toyofumi , Yokoyama Toshihide , Okamoto Tatsuro , Yanagitani Noriko , Oki Masahide , Takahama Makoto , Sawa Kenji , Tada Hirohito , Nakagawa Kazuhiko , Mitsudomi Tetsuya , Nishio Kazuto
Published: October 2023

The phase III IMPACT study (UMIN000044738) compared adjuvant gefitinib with cisplatin plus vinorelbine (cis/vin) in completely resected epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐mutated non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although the primary endpoint of disease‐free survival (DFS) was not met, we searched for molecular predictors of adjuvant gefitinib efficacy. Of 234 patients enrolled in the IMPACT study, 202 patients were analyzed for 409 cancer‐related gene mutations and tumor mutation burden using resected lung cancer specimens. Frequent somatic mutations included tumor protein p53 (TP53; 58.4%), CUB and Sushi multiple domains 3 (CSMD3; 11.8%), and NOTCH1 (9.9%). Multivariate analysis showed that NOTCH1 co‐mutation was a significant poor prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) in the gefitinib group and cAMP response element binding protein (CREBBP) co‐mutation for DFS and OS in the cis/vin group. In patients with NOTCH1 co‐mutations, gefitinib group had a shorter OS than cis/vin group (Hazard ratio 5.49, 95% CI 1.07–28.00), with a significant interaction (P for interaction = 0.039). In patients with CREBBP co‐mutations, the gefitinib group had a longer DFS than the cis/vin group, with a significant interaction (P for interaction = 0.058). In completely resected EGFR‐mutated NSCLC, NOTCH1 and CREBBP mutations might predict poor outcome in patients treated with gefitinib and cis/vin, respectively.
Three‐dimensional, PEG‐based hydrogels induce spheroid formation and enhance viability of A2058 melanoma cells
Authors: Enyedi Kata Nóra , Enyedi Gábor , Lajkó Eszter
Published: October 2023

Traditional drug screening methods use monolayer (2D) tumor cell cultures, which lack basic features of tumor complexity. As an alternative, 3D hydrogels have begun to emerge as simple, time‐, and cost‐saving systems. One of the most promising candidates, synthetic alkoxysilane‐PEG (polyethylene glycol)‐based hydrogels, are formed by “sol–gel” polymerization in an aqueous medium, which allows control over the incorporated elements. Our aims were to optimize siloxane‐PEG hydrogels for three different cell lines of skin origin and utilize these 3D hydrogels as a feasible drug (e.g., daunorubicin) screening assay. A drastic increase in survival and the formation of cellular aggregates (spheroids) could be observed in A2058 melanoma cells, but not in keratinocyte and endothelial cell lines. A deep‐learning neural network was trained to recognize and distinguish between the cellular formations and allowed the fast processing of hundreds of microscopic images. We developed an artificial intelligence (AI)‐assisted application (https://github.com/enyecz/CancerDetector2), which indicated that, in terms of average area of the spheroids treated with daunorubicin, A2058 melanoma cell 3D aggregates have better survival in a hydrogel containing 15% bis‐mono‐ethoxysilane‐PEG.
Evaluation of Multiple Liver Cancer Scoring Systems
Authors: Sun Jingchao , Qi Chao , Liu Ya , Gao Fei , Fu Xifeng , Tian Yanzhang
Published: October 2023

Liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, and its incidence and mortality are increasing year by year. The prognosis of liver cancer depends on the stage of liver cancer, the treatment method, the liver function, and individual differences. The prognosis of liver cancer mainly worsens with the progression of the stage. The prediction and staging system of liver cancer prognosis plays a very important role in the outcome of liver cancer prognosis, providing some guidance for clinical practice and bringing benefits for patients. This article reports on the prediction models and staging systems that have been applied in the field of liver cancer in the past 5 years, objectively analyzes the advantages and disadvantages, applicable population of each model and staging system, and searches for other patient and clinical characteristics that need to be considered for successfully establishing a prediction model, aiming to improve the specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy of liver cancer prediction and increase the overall survival rate of liver cancer.
Improving the Mechanical Properties of Low‐Carbon Steel by In Situ Strain Aging
Authors: Gu Gang Hee , Seo Min Hong , Kim Hyoung Seop
Published: October 2023

A novel continuous process that utilizes the concept of strain aging not only in the automotive industry but also in structural materials as a whole is developed. The principle behind achieving in situ strain aging is as follows. 1) Dislocations are generated through compressive deformation during continuous pressing. 2) The processing conditions at the strain aging temperature create a favorable environment for the diffusion of interstitial atoms, leading to the formation of Cottrell atmospheres. The in situ strain aging‐processed low‐carbon steel demonstrates a significant increase in strength compared to the unprocessed sample (increased yield strength by ≈37.6 MPa), which can be attributed to the strain aging effect, as well as the combined effects of grain refinement and pre‐existing dislocations. Additionally, the generation of dislocations during compressive deformation suppresses void nucleation during pre‐strain, preventing a loss of elongation (reduced uniform elongation by ≈1.5%). The in situ strain aging‐processed low‐carbon steel exhibits a superior strength–elongation combination compared to both the unprocessed low‐carbon steel and strain aging‐simulated counterparts obtained through tensile deformation.
Bioinspired Hemostatic and Anti‐Infective Armor for Wound Healing Assisted by Metal‐Phenol‐Polyamine System
Authors: Wei Jiajia , Zhang Wentai , Mou Xiaohui , Meng Haotian , Ma Qing , Wang Wenxuan , Li Xin , Tu Qiufen , Tian Wenjie , Huang Nan , Yang Zhilu
Published: October 2023

Hemostatic materials facilitate rapid hemostasis and significantly mitigate the potential of fatal hemorrhage in civilian and military traumas. However, most existing hemostatic materials are limited in material‐dependent forms and fail to integrate multifunctionality, thus constraining their versatility for differing settings and wound healing capacity. Herein, a facile, versatile armor strategy is proposed to endow various biomaterials with rapid hemostasis, infection prevention, and tissue healing capabilities. The armor is fabricated on the surface of substrates first through chemical cross‐linking of adhesive catechol (phenol) and collagen (polyamine) inspired by insect sclerotization, followed by zinc ions (Zn2+) chelation based on mussel‐inspired metal‐phenol coordination chemistry, referred to “metal‐phenol‐polyamine system”. This armor facilitates clot formation by promoting platelet aggregation and activating both intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways. Moreover, the integrated Zn2+ endows the armor with potent antibacterial properties against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. Consequently, this strategy armors a hemostatic sponge that effectively controls bleeding in rabbit hemorrhage models and successfully facilitates the complete healing of epidermal traumas in rats within 14 days. This metal‐phenol‐polyamine system‐assisted armor provides a potential and universal strategy for efficient hemostasis and wound healing.
Regulation Mechanism on A Bilayer Li2O‐Rich Interface between Lithium Metal and Garnet‐Type Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Jiang Haoyang , Liu Junqing , Tang Bin , Yang Zhendong , Liang Xinghui , Yu Xinyu , Gao Yirong , Wei Jinping , Zhou Zhen
Published: October 2023

The practical implementation of garnet‐type solid electrolytes, such as Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO), faces the significant challenge of Li dendrites. Though artificial interfacial strategies are effective in dendrite suppression, further investigation is needed to understand the mechanism of homogeneous Li deposition and its practicability under real‐world conditions. Herein, a bilayer interface is constructed to address these issues. Such a bilayer interface consists of one conformal Li2O‐rich layer, generated by rubbing LLZTO pellets inside molten Li with low‐dose In2O3, and another Li2O layer deposited through atomic layer deposition (ALD). The regulatory effect of the initial Li2O‐rich layer on achieving uniform Li deposition is explored, and the critical current density is enhanced to 2.4 mA cm−2. However, simple interfacial strategy is insufficient to prevent anodic degradation for cycling at room temperature without stack pressure, leading to increased current leakage and directly reducing Li+ within the electrolyte. After insulating it with a second ALD‐Li2O layer that minimally hampers ionic conduction, the Li/Li symmetric cells achieve long cycling life exceeding 1000 h at 0.5 mA cm−2 and maintain stable operation even at 2 mA cm−2. This work provides valuable insights for interfacial strategies towards practical solid‐state batteries.
2D Perovskite Neutron Scintillators with Nanosecond Time Resolution and Linearity Energy Response
Authors: Wan Pengying , Jin Tong , Gao Runlong , Ouyang Xiao , Feng Zhelin , Niu Guangda , Tang Jiang , Liu Linyue , Ouyang Xiaoping
Published: October 2023

Fast and high‐linearity detection of fast neutron is vital for special nuclear material seeking, nuclear accident emergency response, nondestructive neutron imaging, and neutron cancer therapy. Neutron scintillators with fast time resolution and linear energy response are indispensable for precisely acquiring the energy and temporal evolution of fast neutron, but none of the conventional neutron scintillators, whether organic, two‐component or inorganic, have performed well in this regard. To address these challenges, it is urgent to develop novel neutron scintillators. Here, 2D hybrid perovskite single crystals (C4H12N)2PbBr4(BA2PbBr4) successfully combined with fast response time of 2.66 ns and linear energy response to fast neutrons, γ ray, and α particle, is reported. The rapid response time and linear energy response of 2D hybrid perovskite scintillator originate from intensive states density of lead halide frameworks, which are the key fluorescence emitters under neutron irradiation. This effectively suppresses the ionization quenching effect during the fluorescence process. This work represents a milestone in fast neutron detection, demonstrating a new type of neutron scintillator based on 2D hybrid perovskite single crystals with fast and high‐linearity detection characteristics, having great potential in high precision neutron spectrum measurement and nuclear reaction kinetics monitoring.
Additive Manufacturing of High‐Temperature Hybrid Electronics via Molecular‐Decomposed Metals
Authors: Khuje Saurabh , Alshatnawi Firas , Smilgies Detlef , Alhendi Mohammed , Islam Abdullah , Armstrong Jason , Yu Jian , Poliks Mark , Ren Shenqiang
Published: October 2023

As the modern electronic technology extends into operating in harsh working conditions, it calls for a system that is capable of uncompromising performance in extreme environments, thus providing a strong motivation to look for advanced materials and electronics with the capability of high‐throughput and rapid prototyping. Coupled with additive manufacturing, molecular decomposition metals bypass the challenging oddities of traditional material‐limited and thermally initiated metalworking, enabling high throughput and rapid prototyping of stoichiometry and composition‐controlled metals. Here, a new paradigm for the design and additive manufacturing of copper metallic alloy materials onto ceramics is described by printing molecular decomposable metal materials, capable of withstanding thermo‐mechanical loading, operating in extreme environments in static and dynamic conditions. The resulting printed hybrid electronics are electrically stable for 25 h of aging at 1000 °C. This curious fact paves a way for printed antenna and sensor electronics that reliably operate up to 1000 °C. These results can be further extended to establish other printable molecular decomposable materials as a platform for rapid prototyping of high temperature electronics that are suitable for harsh environments.
Leveraging Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles for Combination Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Wu Jiayan , Pu Kanyi
Published: October 2023

Cancer immunotherapy has become a promising method for cancer treatment, bringing hope to advanced cancer patients. However, immune‐related adverse events caused by immunotherapy also bring heavy burden to patients. Semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) as an emerging nanomaterial with high biocompatibility, can eliminate tumors and induce tumor immunogenic cell death through different therapeutic modalities, including photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and sonodynamic therapy. In addition, SPNs can work as a functional nanocarrier to synergize with a variety of immunomodulators to amplify anti‐tumor immune responses. In this review, SPNs‐based combination cancer immunotherapy is comprehensively summarized according to the SPNs’ therapeutic modalities and the type of loaded immunomodulators. The in‐depth understanding of existing SPNs‐based therapeutic modalities will hopefully inspire the design of more novel nanomaterials with potent anti‐tumor immune effects, and ultimately promote their clinical translation.
Using Human‐Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Neurons on Microelectrode Arrays to Model Neurological Disease: A Review
Authors: Lv Shiya , He Enhui , Luo Jinping , Liu Yaoyao , Liang Wei , Xu Shihong , Zhang Kui , Yang Yan , Wang Mixia , Song Yilin , Wu Yirong , Cai Xinxia
Published: October 2023

In situ physiological signals of in vitro neural disease models are essential for studying pathogenesis and drug screening. Currently, an increasing number of in vitro neural disease models are established using human‐induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) derived neurons (hiPSC‐DNs) to overcome interspecific gene expression differences. Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) can be readily interfaced with two‐dimensional (2D), and more recently, three‐dimensional (3D) neural stem cell‐derived in vitro models of the human brain to monitor their physiological activity in real time. Therefore, MEAs are emerging and useful tools to model neurological disorders and disease in vitro using human iPSCs. This is enabling a real‐time window into neuronal signaling at the network scale from patient derived. This paper provides a comprehensive review of MEA's role in analyzing neural disease models established by hiPSC‐DNs. It covers the significance of MEA fabrication, surface structure and modification schemes for hiPSC‐DNs culturing and signal detection. Additionally, this review discusses advances in the development and use of MEA technology to study in vitro neural disease models, including epilepsy, autism spectrum developmental disorder (ASD), and others established using hiPSC‐DNs. The paper also highlights the application of MEAs combined with hiPSC‐DNs in detecting in vitro neurotoxic substances. Finally, the future development and outlook of multifunctional and integrated devices for in vitro medical diagnostics and treatment are discussed.
A Novel Biosensing Approach: Improving SnS2 FET Sensitivity with a Tailored Supporter Molecule and Custom Substrate
Authors: Nisar Sobia , Basha Beriham , Dastgeer Ghulam , Shahzad Zafar M. , Kim Honggyun , Rabani Iqra , Rasheed Aamir , Al‐Buriahi M. S. , Irfan Ahmad , Eom Jonghwa , Kim Deok‐kee
Published: October 2023

The exclusive features of two‐dimensional (2D) semiconductors, such as high surface‐to‐volume ratios, tunable electronic properties, and biocompatibility, provide promising opportunities for developing highly sensitive biosensors. However, developing practical biosensors that can promptly detect low concentrations of target analytes remains a challenging task. Here, a field‐effect‐transistor comprising n‐type transition metal dichalcogenide tin disulfide (SnS2) is developed over the hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) for the detection of streptavidin protein (Strep.) as a target analyte. A self‐designed receptor based on the pyrene‐lysine conjugated with biotin (PLCB) is utilized to maintain the sensitivity of the SnS2/h‐BN FET because of the π–π stacking. The detection capabilities of SnS2/h‐BN FET are investigated using both Raman spectroscopy and electrical characterizations. The real‐time electrical measurements exhibit that the SnS2/h‐BN FET is capable of detecting streptavidin at a remarkably low concentration of 0.5 pm, within 13.2 s. Additionally, the selectivity of the device is investigated by measuring its response against a Cow‐like serum egg white protein (BSA), having a comparative molecular weight to that of the streptavidin. These results indicate a high sensitivity and rapid response of SnS2/h‐BN biosensor against the selective proteins, which can have significant implications in several fields including point‐of‐care diagnostics, drug discovery, and environmental monitoring.
Catalysis Sans Catalyst Loss: The Origins of Prolonged Stability of Graphene–Metal–Graphene Sandwich Architecture for Oxygen Reduction Reactions
Authors: Abdelhafiz Ali , Choi Ji Il , Zhao Bote , Cho Jinwon , Ding Yong , Soule Luke , Jang Seung Soon , Liu Meilin , Alamgir Faisal M.
Published: October 2023

Over the past decades, the design of active catalysts has been the subject of intense research efforts. However, there has been significantly less deliberate emphasis on rationally designing a catalyst system with a prolonged stability. A major obstacle comes from the ambiguity behind how catalyst degrades. Several degradation mechanisms are proposed in literature,   but with a lack of systematic studies, the causal relations between degradation and those proposed mechanisms remain ambiguous. Here, a systematic study of a catalyst system comprising of small particles and single atoms of Pt sandwiched between graphene layers, GR/Pt/GR, is studied to  unravel the degradation mechanism of the studied electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR). Catalyst suffers from atomic dissolution under ORR harsh acidic and oxidizing operation voltages. Single atoms trapped in point defects within the top graphene layer on their way hopping through toward the surface of GR/Pt/GR architecture. Trapping mechanism renders individual Pt atoms as single atom catalyst sites catalyzing ORR for thousands of cycles before washed away in the electrolyte. The GR/Pt/GR catalysts also compare favorably to state‐of‐the‐art commercial Pt/C catalysts and demonstrates a rational design of a hybrid nanoarchitecture with a prolonged stability for thousands of operation cycles.
Dendritic Cell‐Mediated Cross‐Priming by a Bispecific Neutralizing Antibody Boosts Cytotoxic T Cell Responses and Protects Mice against SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Lázaro‐Gorines Rodrigo , Pérez Patricia , Heras‐Murillo Ignacio , Adán‐Barrientos Irene , Albericio Guillermo , Astorgano David , Flores Sara , Luczkowiak Joanna , Labiod Nuria , Harwood Seandean L. , Segura‐Tudela Alejandro , Rubio‐Pérez Laura , Nugraha Yudhi , Shang Xiaoran , Li Yuxing , Alfonso Carlos , Adipietro Kaylin A. , Abeyawardhane Dinendra L. , Navarro Rocío , Compte Marta , Yu Wenbo , MacKerell Alexander D. , Sanz Laura , Weber David J. , Blanco Francisco J. , Esteban Mariano , Pozharski Edwin , Godoy‐Ruiz Raquel , Muñoz Inés G. , Delgado Rafael , Sancho David , García‐Arriaza Juan , Álvarez‐Vallina Luis
Published: October 2023

Administration of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) has proved to be effective by providing immediate protection against SARS‐CoV‐2. However, dual strategies combining virus neutralization and immune response stimulation to enhance specific cytotoxic T cell responses, such as dendritic cell (DC) cross‐priming, represent a promising field but have not yet been explored. Here, a broadly nAb, TNT, are first generated by grafting an anti‐RBD biparatopic tandem nanobody onto a trimerbody scaffold. Cryo‐EM data show that the TNT structure allows simultaneous binding to all six RBD epitopes, demonstrating a high‐avidity neutralizing interaction. Then, by C‐terminal fusion of an anti‐DNGR‐1 scFv to TNT, the bispecific trimerbody TNTDNGR‐1 is generated to target neutralized virions to type 1 conventional DCs (cDC1s) and promote T cell cross‐priming. Therapeutic administration of TNTDNGR‐1, but not TNT, protects K18‐hACE2 mice from a lethal SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, boosting virus‐specific humoral responses and CD8+ T cell responses. These results further strengthen the central role of interactions with immune cells in the virus‐neutralizing antibody activity and demonstrate the therapeutic potential of the Fc‐free strategy that can be used advantageously to provide both immediate and long‐term protection against SARS‐CoV‐2 and other viral infections.
Detection of Ice Formation With the Polymeric Mixed Ionic‐Electronic Conductor PEDOT: PSS for Aeronautics
Authors: Dongo Patrice D. , Hakansson Anna , Stoeckel Marc‐Antoine , Pavlopoulou Eleni , Wang Suhao , Farina Dario , Queeckers Patrick , Fabiano Simone , Iorio Carlo Saverio , Crispin Reverant
Published: October 2023

Ice formation detection is important in telecommunications and aeronautics, e.g., ice on the wings of an aircraft affects its aerodynamic performance and leads to fatal accidents. While many types of sensors exist, resistive sensors for ice detection have been poorly explored. They are however attractive because of their simplicity and the possibility to install an array of sensors on large areas to map the ice formation on wings. Hygroscopic ionic conductors have been demonstrated for resistive ice sensing but their high resistance prevents the readout of sensor arrays. In this work, mixed ionic‐electronic polymer conductors (MIEC) are considered for the first time for ice detection. The polymer blend poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is solution deposited on a pair of electrodes. The sensor displays an abrupt rise in electrical resistance during the transition phase between water liquid to solid. It is proposed that the morphology and electronic transport in PEDOT are affected by the freezing event because the absorbed water in the PSS‐rich phase undergoes dilatation upon forming ice crystals. For the aeronautics application, successful tests of integration of sensing layer in pre‐preg layers of aeronautical grade and freezing detection are carried out to validate the ice detection principle.
Assessing clethodim spot spraying applications for control of problematic weedy rice and other grasses in California rice fields
Authors: Unan Rasim , Galvin Liberty , Becerra‐Alvarez Aaron , Al‐Khatib Kassim
Published: October 2023

Spot spraying applications offer the opportunity to target specific weeds in a field, while simultaneously reducing herbicide usage and increasing the long‐term efficacy of chemical control options. The study is focused on controlling California weedy rice accessions (Oryza spp.) and problematic grass weeds with a spot spray application of clethodim in a flooded rice system. The efficacy of incorporating nonionic surfactant to clethodim applications was also assessed. Dose‐response experiments were carried out in a greenhouse on five weedy rice accessions, common grass rice weeds, and cultivated rice varieties L207, M105, M206, M209, M211, and S102 to determine the dose needed to affect these populations. Clethodim was applied in a field setting to assess spot spraying efficacy, the possibility of herbicide dispersion in the water, and crop injury. Clethodim successfully controlled weedy rice and grasses in the greenhouse. The effective rates to control 90% of the five test populations (ED90) were between 51 and 74 g ai ha−1 clethodim for weedy rice accessions. Adding nonionic surfactant to clethodim increased its efficacy by 1.6‐ to 1.9‐fold. Cultivated rice varieties did not exhibit any tolerance to clethodim, however, spot spraying applications at 150 g ai ha−1 clethodim did not cause any dispersion in the field. Clethodim spot spray application was effective both at the three‐ to four‐leaf growth stage and tillering growth stage for weedy rice.
Multinational enterprises and local firms’ export market entry: A panel data analysis of Vietnam's food processing industry
Authors: Nguyen Dao T. H. , Kokko Ari , Nguyen Thong T.
Published: October 2023

This study develops new insights into the spillover effects of foreign multinational enterprises (MNEs) on local firms’ export market entry, using the case of Vietnam—a notable global manufacturing hub located in Southeast Asia. The empirical analysis is based on a disaggregated firm‐level panel dataset of 25,032 observations of Vietnamese food processing firms during the period 2011–2016. The food processing industry is an essential part of the country's thriving manufacturing sector, with enormous potential for exports. The random‐effects Probit estimation results suggest that the presence of foreign MNEs significantly raises the likelihood that private local firms become exporters and thereby start integrating into global value chains. Further regressions reveal that foreign presence is also linked to higher export intensity among domestic firms, and that the magnitude of the estimated spillover effects is conditional on the specific measures of foreign MNE presence, the ownership structure in local industry, and the size of local firms. The findings highlight the considerable potential for foreign MNEs to influence local firms’ export prospects and validate the policy efforts to attract foreign direct investment inflows to the examined industry.
Systematic review of errors on beta‐2 transferrin gel electrophoresis testing of rhinorrhea and otorrhea
Authors: Eide Jacob G. , Mason William , Ray Amrita , Carey John , Cook Bernard , Craig John R.
Published: October 2023

Background

Beta‐2 transferrin (B2‐Tf) gel electrophoresis (GE) is the preferred non‐invasive diagnostic modality for confirming cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in body fluids. While B2‐Tf GE testing is highly sensitive and specific for CSF, false‐positive (FP) and false‐negative (FN) results can lead to diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. Several series have demonstrated potential causes of false B2‐Tf GE results, but few studies have reported reasons for these errors. The purpose of this systematic review was to describe sources of B2‐Tf GE errors.

Methods

A systematic review was performed by searching OVID, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases for B2‐Tf GE studies. After applying exclusion criteria, original research studies directly addressing erroneous B2‐Tf GE results underwent qualitative analysis.

Results

Of the 243 abstracts screened, 71 underwent full‐text review and 18 studies reporting B2‐Tf GE errors were included for analysis. There were 15 potential FPs, 12 actual FPs, 12 potential FNs, 19 actual FNs, and 14 indeterminate results. There were also 246 potentially indeterminate results from in vitro studies. Reasons for B2‐Tf GE errors included serum transferrin alterations (n = 17; all potential), infection related (n = 13; 9 potential), orbital or salivary contamination (n = 2; 1 potential), and collection related (n = 255; 246 potential). There were 31 false or indeterminate results with unspecified reasons. There were no reported errors due to laboratory processing.

Conclusions

Multiple potential or actual reasons for false or indeterminate results have been reported for B2‐Tf GE testing of rhinorrhea and otorrhea. Future studies should explore reasons for B2‐Tf testing errors and how these may affect clinical decision making.
Comparative study on the tribological properties of poly(arylene ether nitrile)/polytetrafluoroethylene composites: The influence of filler size and testing conditions
Authors: Ding Weiyi , Peng Xionghou , Li Jixiang , Heng Zhengguang , Zhou Shengtai , Zou Huawei
Published: October 2023

In this work, the influence of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filler size and testing conditions (i.e., air, water, and lubricating oil) on the tribological properties of poly(arylene ether nitrile) (PEN) was systematically investigated. The results showed that the addition of PTFE was beneficial to improve the tribological properties of PEN‐based composites which was related to the easier formation of transfer film on the surface of friction pair. Samples which were tested in water demonstrated a relatively higher friction coefficient (μ) and wear loss when compared with those tested in dry air and lubricating oil scenarios, which was attributed to the fact that friction induced heat and wear debris could be timely removed by water. In addition, the infiltration of water further reduced the interaction between PTFE filler and PEN, which aggravated the wear loss of sample blocks. When tested in lubricating oil, pure PEN showed the lowest wear loss when compared with that of PEN/PTFE composites. At a given content (20 wt%) of PTFE fillers, PEN/PTFE1.5μm exhibited the lowest μ in lubricating oil whereas PEN/PTFE5μm demonstrated the lowest specific wear loss in air condition (1.18 × 10−6 mm3/N·m). This work provided some useful information for the design and application of PTFE‐containing polymer composites that can be targeted in different lubrication scenarios in industrial fields.