bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consensus on the terminologies and methodologies for masticatory assessment
Authors: Gonçalves Thais Marques Simek Vega , Schimmel Martin , van der Bilt Andries , Chen Jianshe , van der Glas Hilbert W. , Kohyama Kaoru , Hennequin Martine , Peyron Marie‐Agnès , Woda Alain , Leles Claudio Rodrigues , José Pereira Luciano
Published: February 2021

A large number of methodological procedures and experimental conditions are reported to describe the masticatory process. However, similar terms are sometimes employed to describe different methodologies. Standardisation of terms is essential to allow comparisons among different studies. This article was aimed to provide a consensus concerning the terms, definitions and technical methods generally reported when evaluating masticatory function objectively and subjectively. The consensus is based on the results from discussions and consultations among world‐leading researchers in the related research areas. Advantages, limitations and relevance of each method are also discussed. The present consensus provides a revised framework of standardised terms to improve the consistent use of masticatory terminology and facilitate further investigations on masticatory function analysis. In addition, this article also outlines various methods used to evaluate the masticatory process and their advantages and disadvantages in order to help researchers to design their experiments.
Digital Workflow for a Scleroderma Patient with Microstomia: A Clinical Report
Authors: Zhang Na , Mao Bochun , Yu Ping , Chen Shengkai , Chen Xin , Yu Haiyang
Published: February 2021

Making impressions in patients with microstomia is often rather problematic due to their restricted mouth opening. Herein, this report describes a novel digital workflow for making impressions with computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) custom sectional trays for a 58‐year‐old female patient with scleroderma and microstomia. CAD/CAM custom sectional trays were made based on digital dentition models from another case with similar arch scale. After the sectional impressions were obtained, the sectional casts were scanned and digitally aligned to form the final dentition models. The removable partial dentures were designed on the final digital models and printed using a 3D printer. This procedure was executed with a successful prosthetic outcome that included good fit and acceptable esthetics. The patient also reported a high level of satisfaction.
Respiratory syncytial virus subtype circulation and associated disease severity at an Australian paediatric referral hospital, 2014–2018
Authors: Saravanos Gemma L , Ramos Isabelle , Britton Philip N , Wood Nicholas J
Published: February 2021

Aim

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in children and the development of vaccines to protect at‐risk groups is a global priority. The aim of this study was to describe RSV subtype circulation patterns and associated disease severity to inform on potential impact of an RSV‐specific prevention strategy.

Methods

Single‐centre retrospective observational study of children aged <16 years with laboratory‐confirmed RSV infection from 2014 to 2018 inclusive. We described the features and frequency of all RSV subtype detections. We selected a random sample of RSV‐A and RSV‐B cases from each year (n = 200), described demographic and clinical features of these cases, and compared indicators of disease severity between subtypes.

Results

We identified 3591 RSV detections over a 5‐year period and found consistent co‐circulation of subtypes with alternating predominance. Demographic and clinical characteristics were similar between children presenting with RSV‐A and RSV‐B infections. There was no difference in indicators of severity between the subtypes except for paediatric intensive care unit length of stay which was longer in the RSV‐B group (3 vs. 5 days, P = 0.006). Respiratory co‐infections were more frequent in the RSV‐B group (41.8% vs. 27.4%, P = 0.035). When these were excluded there was no longer a detectable difference in paediatric intensive care unit length of stay.

Conclusions

We found co‐circulation of RSV subtypes and no convincing evidence of a difference in disease severity between subtypes. RSV‐specific interventions will need to be equally effective against both RSV‐A and RSV‐B to have the greatest impact on reducing severe RSV disease in this population.
The neurocognitive basis of skilled reading in prelingually and profoundly deaf adults
Authors: Emmorey Karen , Lee Brittany
Published: February 2021

Deaf individuals have unique sensory and linguistic experiences that influence how they read and become skilled readers. This review presents our current understanding of the neurocognitive underpinnings of reading skill in deaf adults. Key behavioural and neuroimaging studies are integrated to build a profile of skilled adult deaf readers and to examine how changes in visual attention and reduced access to auditory input and phonology shape how they read both words and sentences. Crucially, the behaviours, processes, and neural circuity of deaf readers are compared to those of hearing readers with similar reading ability to help identify alternative pathways to reading success. Overall, sensitivity to orthographic and semantic information is comparable for skilled deaf and hearing readers, but deaf readers rely less on phonology and show greater engagement of the right hemisphere in visual word processing. During sentence reading, deaf readers process visual word forms more efficiently and may have a greater reliance on and altered connectivity to semantic information compared to their hearing peers. These findings highlight the plasticity of the reading system and point to alternative pathways to reading success.
Using replicate hybrid zones to understand the genomic basis of adaptive divergence
Authors: Westram Anja M. , Faria Rui , Johannesson Kerstin , Butlin Roger
Published: February 2021

Combining hybrid zone analysis with genomic data is a promising approach to understanding the genomic basis of adaptive divergence. It allows for the identification of genomic regions underlying barriers to gene flow. It also provides insights into spatial patterns of allele frequency change, informing about the interplay between environmental factors, dispersal and selection. However, when only a single hybrid zone is analysed, it is difficult to separate patterns generated by selection from those resulting from chance. Therefore, it is beneficial to look for repeatable patterns across replicate hybrid zones in the same system. We applied this approach to the marine snailLittorina saxatilis, which contains two ecotypes, adapted to wave‐exposed rocks vs. high‐predation boulder fields. The existence of numerous hybrid zones between ecotypes offered the opportunity to test for the repeatability of genomic architectures and spatial patterns of divergence. We sampled and phenotyped snails from seven replicate hybrid zones on the Swedish west coast and genotyped them for thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms. Shell shape and size showed parallel clines across all zones. Many genomic regions showing steep clines and/or high differentiation were shared among hybrid zones, consistent with a common evolutionary history and extensive gene flow between zones, and supporting the importance of these regions for divergence. In particular, we found that several large putative inversions contribute to divergence in all locations. Additionally, we found evidence for consistent displacement of clines from the boulder–rock transition. Our results demonstrate patterns of spatial variation that would not be accessible without continuous spatial sampling, a large genomic data set and replicate hybrid zones.
Learning in lockdown: Using the COVID‐19 crisis to teach children about food and climate change
Authors: Kluczkovski A. , Lait R. , Martins C. A. , Reynolds C. , Smith P. , Woffenden Z. , Lynch J. , Frankowska A. , Harris F. , Johnson D. , Halford J. C. G. , Cook J. , Tereza da Silva J. , Schmidt Rivera X. , Huppert J. L. , Lord M. , Mclaughlin J. , Bridle S.
Published: February 2021

Food systems are significant sources of global greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE). Since emission intensity varies greatly between different foods, changing food choices towards those with lower GHGE could make an important contribution to mitigating climate change. Public engagement events offer an opportunity to communicate these multifaceted issues and raise awareness about the climate change impact of food choices. An interdisciplinary team of researchers was preparing food and climate change educational activities for summer 2020. However, the COVID‐19 pandemic and lockdown disrupted these plans. In this paper, we report on shifting these events online over the month of June 2020. We discuss what we did and the reception to our online programme. We then reflect on and highlight issues that arose. These relate to: (1) the power dynamics of children, diet and climate change; (2) mental health, diet and COVID‐19; (3) engaging the wider science, agriculture and food communities; (4) the benefits of being unfunded and the homemade nature of this programme; (5) the food system, STEAM (science, technology, engineering, arts and mathematics) and diversity; and (6) how our work fits into our ongoing journey of food and climate change education.
OsbHLH98 regulates leaf angle in rice through transcriptional repression of OsBUL1
Authors: Guo Jiangfan , Li Wei , Shang Lianguang , Wang Yuguang , Yan Peng , Bai Youhuang , Da Xiaowen , Wang Kai , Guo Qianqian , Jiang Ruirui , Mao Chuanzao , Mo Xiaorong
Published: February 2021

Leaf angle is an important agronomic trait in cereals that helps determine plant yield by affecting planting density. However, the regulation mechanism of leaf angle remained elusive.

Here, we show that OsbHLH98, a rice bHLH transcription factor, negatively regulates leaf angle. osbhlh98 mutant leaves formed a larger leaf angle, whereas transgenic plants overexpressing OsbHLH98 exhibited a slight reduction in leaf angle.

We determined that the changes in leaf angle resulted from increased number and size of parenchyma cells on the adaxial side of the lamina joint in osbhlh98 mutants. Experiments using reporter constructs showed that OsbHLH98 is expressed on the adaxial side of lamina joints, consistent with its proposed function in regulating leaf angle. Furthermore, we established by chromatin immunoprecipitation and CUT&RUN that OsBUL1 is a direct downstream target of OsbHLH98. Transactivation assays and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) analysis indicated that OsbHLH98 represses OsBUL1 transcription.

Our results demonstrate that OsbHLH98 negatively regulates leaf angle by counteracting brassinosteroid‐induced cell elongation via the repression of OsBUL1 transcription. The characterization of OsbHLH98 and its role in determining leaf angle will lay the foundation to develop the ideal plant architecture for adaptation to high planting density.
Dehiscence rate in wound closed with cyanoacrylate and black braided silk after surgical removal of impacted third molar: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Raut Vaibhav D. , Kumar Santhosh , Raut Sanyukta , Bhate Kalyani , Singh Manju , Kakodkar Pradnya , Waknis Pushkar
Published: February 2021

Aim

To perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis of dehiscence rate in wound closed with cyanoacrylate and black braided silk after surgical removal of impacted third molar.

Materials and Methods

This review is based on PRISMA guidelines and the review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019097294). An electronic search of PubMed (Medline), Google Scholar, Cochrane database, EbSCOhost, cross referencing and hand search of journals was carried out. The studies published in English literature from 1 January 2008 to 31 March 2019, where wound closure was done using black braided silk suture and cyanoacrylate following third molar surgery, and those reporting dehiscence rate after a minimum follow‐up of 7 days, were included. The event of occurrence of dehiscence in the two groups was used to calculate the risk ratio using the random effects model (Mantel–Haenszel model) at 95% CI.

Results

Of the 309 articles, three unique studies were identified for the review. Of these, two were randomized controlled trials. A total of 190 patients were included in these three trials. Total of seven events of dehiscence were observed in the cyanoacrylate group as compared to eight in the suture group. The meta‐analysis results indicate that there was no statistically significant difference in the dehiscence rate, RR 0.74, 95% CI (0.13–4.13), with a heterogeneity of I2 = 56%.

Conclusion

There is no difference in the dehiscence rate of wound closed with cyanoacrylate and black braided silk suture.
Structural insights into homotrimeric assembly of cellulose synthase CesA7 from Gossypium hirsutum
Authors: Zhang Xiangnan , Xue Yuan , Guan Zeyuan , Zhou Chen , Nie Yangfan , Men She , Wang Qiang , Shen Cuicui , Zhang Delin , Jin Shuangxia , Tu Lili , Yin Ping , Zhang Xianlong
Published: February 2021

Cellulose is one of the most abundant organic polymers in nature. It contains multiple β‐1,4‐glucan chains synthesized by cellulose synthases (CesAs) on the plasma membrane of higher plants. CesA subunits assemble into a pseudo‐sixfold symmetric cellulose synthase complex (CSC), known as a ‘rosette complex’. The structure of CesA remains enigmatic. Here, we report the cryo‐EM structure of the homotrimeric CesA7 from Gossypium hirsutum at 3.5‐angstrom resolution. The GhCesA7 homotrimer shows a C3 symmetrical assembly. Each protomer contains seven transmembrane helices (TMs) which form a channel potentially facilitating the release of newly synthesized glucans. The cytoplasmic glycosyltransferase domain (GT domain) of GhCesA7 protrudes from the membrane, and its catalytic pocket is directed towards the TM pore. The homotrimer GhCesA7 is stabilized by the transmembrane helix 7 (TM7) and the plant‐conserved region (PCR) domains. It represents the building block of CSCs and facilitates microfibril formation. This structure provides insight into how eukaryotic cellulose synthase assembles and provides a mechanistic basis for the improvement of cotton fibre quality in the future.
Role of transporters in plant disease resistance
Authors: Devanna Basavantraya N. , Jaswal Rajdeep , Singh Pankaj Kumar , Kapoor Ritu , Jain Priyanka , Kumar Gulshan , Sharma Yogesh , Samantaray Sanghamitra , Sharma Tilak R.
Published: February 2021

Plants being sessile have evolved numerous mechanisms to meet the changing environmental and growth conditions. Plant pathogens are responsible for devastating disease epidemics in many species. Transporter proteins are an integral part of plant growth and development, and several studies have documented their role in pathogen disease resistance. In this review, we analyze the studies on genome‐wide identifications of plant transporters like sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEET), multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporters, ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters, natural resistance‐associated macrophage proteins (NRAMP), and sugar transport proteins (STPs), all having a significant role in plant disease resistance. The mechanism of action of these transporters, their solute specificity, and the potential application of recent molecular biology approaches deploying these transporters for the development of disease‐resistant plants are also discussed. The applications of genome editing tools, such as CRIPSR/Cas9, are also presented. Altogether the information included in this article gives a better understanding of the role of transporter proteins during plant‐pathogen interaction.
Spotlight on the overlapping routes and partners for anthocyanin transport in plants
Authors: Kaur Satveer , Sharma Natasha , Kapoor Payal , Chunduri Venkatesh , Pandey Ajay K. , Garg Monika
Published: February 2021

Secondary metabolites are produced by plants and are classified based on their chemical structure or the biosynthetic routes through which they are synthesized. Among them, flavonoids, including anthocyanins and pro‐anthocyanidins (PAs), are abundant in leaves, flowers, fruits, and seed coats in plants. The anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway has been intensively studied, but the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin transport from the synthesis site to the storage site needs attention. Although the major transporters are well defined yet, the redundancy of these transporters for structurally similar or dis‐similar anthocyanins motivates additional research. Herein, we reviewed the role of membrane transporters involved in anthocyanin transport, including ATP‐binding cassette, multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE), Bilitranslocase‐homolog (BTL), and vesicle‐mediated transport. We also highlight the ability of transporters to cater distinct anthocyanins or their chemically‐modified forms with overlapping transport mechanisms and sequestration into the vacuoles. Our understanding of the anthocyanin transporters could provide anthocyanin‐rich crops and fruits with a benefit on human health at a large scale.
Evaluation of Anti‐Poverty Programs’ Impact on Joint Disadvantages: Insights From the Philippine Experience
Authors: Seth Suman , Tutor Melba Verra
Published: February 2021

Anti‐poverty programs increasingly target multiple outcomes to address current and future poverty. Conventional evaluation exercises, however, estimate programs’ impact on outcomes separately. We present a framework, drawing from the counting approach, that captures the joint distribution of outcomes and allows evaluating program impact on the distribution of multiple outcomes. We apply the framework to analyze the Philippine conditional cash transfer program using an embedded randomized control trial survey. We observe that the program induced targeted behavioral changes by reducing overall noncompliances to conditionalities, but did not necessarily benefit the poorer families experiencing a larger number of simultaneous noncompliances. The overall positive impact is achieved by leaving the neediest behind. Our results show the valuable contribution of considering the joint distribution of outcomes in evaluating poverty alleviation programs.
Physical fitness and its association with cognitive performance in Chilean schoolchildren: The Cogni‐Action Project
Authors: Solis‐Urra Patricio , Sanchez‐Martinez Javier , Olivares‐Arancibia Jorge , Castro Piñero Jose , Sadarangani Kabir P. , Ferrari Gerson , Rodríguez‐Rodríguez Fernando , Gaya Anelise , Fochesatto Camila Felin , Cristi‐Montero Carlos
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to establish the association and differences in a diversity of cognitive domains according to cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular fitness (MF), and speed‐agility fitness (S‐AF) level in a large sample of Chilean schoolchildren. 1171 Chilean schoolchildren aged 10–14 years participated. CRF, MF, and S‐AF were assessed through the ALPHA‐fitness test battery. Cognition was evaluated through the NeuroCognitive Performance Test, which involved eight tests related to four main domains: cognitive flexibility (CF), working memory (WM), inhibitory control (IC), and intelligence (IN). Both global (multivariate) and individual (univariate) analyses were performed to determine the differences in cognitive functioning according to low‐, middle‐, and high‐fitness level. The global analyses showed a significant main effect for CRF, F(16,940) = 3.08, p ≤ .001 and MF groups, F(16,953) = 2.30, p = .002, but not for S‐AF, F(16,948) = 1.37, p = .105. CRF shows a significant main effect in seven of eight tests, involving CF, WM, IC, and IN domains, whereas MF shows a significant main effect in five of eight tests without association with IN. SA‐F shows a significant main effect only with IC. Statistical differences were found between the low‐ and middle/high‐fitness groups but not between the middle‐ and high‐fitness groups. At a global level, both CRF and MF seem to be associated with a higher cognitive profile in scholars; however, at an individual level, all fitness components show a favorable relationship to some cognitive domine. Then, future cognitive developing strategies should consider all fitness components, prioritizing those low‐fitness schoolchildren.
Three novel HLA‐DQA1 alleles identified in Brazilian individuals by next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Vianna Romulo , Lopes Giovanna , Porto Luís Cristóvão
Published: February 2021

Characterization of three novel HLA‐DQA1 alleles: HLA‐DQA1*01:02:01:15, ‐DQA1*03:03:01:15, and ‐DQA1*05:05:01:26.
Jurassic dinosaurs on the move: Gastrolith provenance and long‐distance migration
Authors: Malone Joshua R. , Strasser Jeffrey C. , Malone David H. , D’Emic Michael D. , Brown Lauren , Craddock John P.
Published: February 2021

Here, we present the detrital zircon age spectra for five (n = 36, 68, 66, 41, 29) red quartzite gastroliths collected from the top of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation in the eastern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA. The detrital zircon age spectra reveal geon 17 maximum depositional ages, and age peaks that are Yavapai (geon 17), Penokean (geon 18) and Archean (>geon 25). The colour, texture, composition and zircon age spectra of these exoliths are indistinguishable from those of geon 16 (i.e. Baraboo interval) quartzites present in the Laurentian midcontinent more than 1,000 km to the east. We interpret that these gastroliths were ingested by dinosaurs, most likely sauropods, in the Laurentian midcontinent and then transported in their digestive tracts to the site of deposition. These data support the hypothesis of long‐distance dinosaur migration, perhaps following low energy, continental‐scale drainage systems that flowed from the Appalachian highlands to the Morrison Formation depositional basin.
FUNCTIONAL BIGNAY CIDERS INHIBIT KEY ENZYMES LINKED TO OBESITY AND DIABETES FOR METABOLIC SYNDROME PROTECTION
Authors: Lheman Jennifer , Sutiono Anthony , Yanti Yanti , Tjandrawinata Raymond Rubianto , Lay Bibiana Widiyati
Published: February 2021

Metabolic syndrome has become one of the major health issues worldwide. Cider beverages have several functional properties for health, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic effects. In this study, we formulated cider beverages from bignay fruits (Antidesma bunius), identified their compounds, and evaluated their functional effects for metabolic syndrome protection. Ciders were produced from the aqueous extract of bignay fruit powder, fermented using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Acetobacter xylinum for 3, 7, and 14 days. Compound identification in bignay ciders was done using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Antioxidant activity was done by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay, while enzymatic inhibitory assays were tested against lipase, α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). GC/MS profiling showed that most bignay ciders contained major organic acids and amino acids. All ciders exerted high antioxidant activity (>60%). Bignay ciders fermented from A. xylinum demonstrated significant inhibition (>90%) against lipase and α-glucosidase activities. However, ciders had no functional effect on a-amylase and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. These data suggest that bignay ciders may have potential as functional beverages with antioxidant, antiobesity, and antidiabetic effects for management of metabolic syndrome.
Development of High-Efficient Centrifugal Pump Through Optimization of Its Volute Tongue and Expeller Vane
Authors: Mohammedali Abubaker A. M. , Kim Kiseong
Published: February 2021

Centrifugal pumps are often used for pumping liquids from one priority area to another, which require working effectively in terms of performance and reliability. The objective of this study is to enhance the hydraulic performance and reliability of a centrifugal pump based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) optimization. The shapes of the expeller vane and volute tongue were optimized based on the following six design parameters; outer diameter, exit angle, front and rear heights, back sidewall gap, and tongue angle. The hydraulic efficiency and axial thrust were chosen as the optimization objectives. In this sense, a design of experiment (DOE) technique was utilized to generate 45 design samples. A response surface modeling (RSM) approach was employed to investigate the interaction between the parameters and objectives. The accuracy of the numerical simulation was verified by the experimental data and showed a good agreement. The optimization was found to improve the hydraulic efficiency by 2.92%, whereas the axial thrust was decreased by 7.51%.
Spatiotemporal interactions of native and introduced salmonid top predators in a large lake: implications for species restoration
Authors: Ivanova Silviya V. , Larocque Sarah M. , Fisk Aaron T. , Johnson Timothy B.
Published: February 2021

Animal interactions are an integral part of a community’s function, with influences ranging from the spatiotemporal habitat use of species to population effects to ecosystem management. Numerous non-native species are established or maintained through stocking in freshwater ecosystems with the potential to affect restoration of native species. Using acoustic telemetry, this study quantified the spatiotemporal co-occurrence of the native top-predator lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) with non-native Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in Lake Ontario over 2.5 years. Core home range overlap was observed during the summer, with depth acting as a mechanism of segregation, but with potential for interactions during vertical exploration. Fine-scale individual pairwise interactions confirmed the home range results. No horizontal overlap was observed during the winter and spring, but confidence was lower due to poor instrument coverage in deeper water, which the two species may frequent in these seasons. These results demonstrate the importance of depth in understanding fish interactions and highlight the usefulness of considering pairwise species interactions for understanding ecosystem community function to resource managers with multiple projects involving both native and non-native species.
Pair production of heavy neutrinos in next-to-leading order QCD at the hadron colliders in the inverse seesaw framework
Authors: Das Arindam
Published: February 2021

The explanation of the small neutrino mass can be depicted using some handsome models like type-I and inverse seesaw where the Standard Model gauge singlet heavy right-handed neutrinos are deployed. The common thing in these two models is a lepton number violating parameter, however, its order of magnitude creates a striking difference between them making the nature of the right-handed heavy neutrinos a major play factor. In the type-I seesaw a large lepton number violating parameter involves the heavy right-handed neutrinos in the form of Majorana fermions while a small lepton number violating parameter being involved in the inverse seesaw demands the pseudo-Dirac nature of the heavy right-handed neutrinos. Such heavy neutrinos are accommodated in these models through the sizable mixings with the Standard Model light neutrinos. In this paper we consider the purely inverse seesaw scenario to study the pair production of the pseudo-Dirac heavy neutrinos followed by their various multilepton decay modes through the leading branching fraction at the leading order and next-to-leading order QCD at the LHC with a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and a luminosity of 3000 fb[Formula: see text]. We also consider a prospective 100 TeV hadron collider with luminosities of 3000 fb[Formula: see text] and 30,000 fb[Formula: see text], respectively to study the process. Using anomalous multilepton search performed by the CMS at the 8 TeV with 19.5 fb[Formula: see text] luminosity we show prospective search reaches of the mixing angles for the three lepton and four lepton events at the 13 TeV LHC and 100 TeV hadron collider.
Wormhole solutions in modified f(R,φ,X) gravity
Authors: Shamir M. Farasat , Malik Adnan , Mustafa G.
Published: February 2021

This work aims to investigate the wormhole solutions in the background of [Formula: see text] theory of gravity, where [Formula: see text] is Ricci scalar, [Formula: see text] is scalar potential, and [Formula: see text] is the kinetic term. We consider spherically symmetric static space–time for exploring the wormhole geometry with anisotropic fluid. For our current analysis, we consider a particular equation of state parameter to study the behavior of traceless fluid and examine the physical behavior of energy density and pressure components. Furthermore, we also choose a particular shape function and explore the energy conditions. It can be noticed that energy conditions are violated for both shape functions. The violation of energy conditions indicates the existence of exotic matter and wormhole. Therefore, it can be concluded that our results are stable and realistic. The interesting feature of this work is to show two- and three-dimensional plotting for the analysis of wormhole geometry.
Attractive inverse-square interaction from Lorentz symmetry breaking effects at a low energy scenario
Authors: Bakke K. , Belich H.
Published: February 2021

We analyze nonrelativistic quantum effects on a neutral particle due to the presence of an attractive inverse-square potential that stems from the effects of the Lorentz symmetry violation determined by the parity-even sector of the tensor [Formula: see text]. We show that bound states solutions to the Schrödinger equation can be achieved. We go further by considering a repulsive inverse-square potential yielded by Lorentz symmetry breaking effects, which are also determined the parity-even sector of the tensor [Formula: see text]. Then, we analyze the influence of this repulsive inverse-square potential on a neutral particle confined to two cylindrical surfaces and a cylindrical surface.
A Practical Fractional-Order Sinusoidal Oscillator Design and Implementation
Authors: Saçu İbrahim Ethem
Published: February 2021

In this study, a new sinusoidal fractional oscillator circuit in which the fractional low-pass filter and fractional differentiator form a closed loop has been introduced. The single series [Formula: see text] pair and Valsa method have been used to imitate the fractional-order capacitor. Two different sinusoidal signals with different phases are available at output ports. An integer version of the proposed oscillator is not possible, only the fractional version is valid, that is a noticeable feature. The introduced circuit has been simulated by employing SPICE software. The proposed fractional oscillator is also verified by implementing circuit with AD817ANs and passive components, experimentally.
Note on linear relations in Galois cohomology and étale K-theory of curves
Authors: Krasoń Piotr
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we investigate a local to global principle for Galois cohomology of number fields with coefficients in the Tate module of an abelian variety. In [G. Banaszak and P. Krasoń, On a local to global principle in étale K-groups of curves, J. K-Theory Appl. Algebra Geom. Topol. 12 (2013) 183–201], G. Banaszak and the author obtained the sufficient condition for the validity of the local to global principle for étale [Formula: see text]-theory of a curve. This condition in fact has been established by means of an analysis of the corresponding problem in the Galois cohomology. We show that in some cases, this result is the best possible i.e. if this condition does not hold we obtain counterexamples. We also give some examples of curves and their Jacobians. Finally, we prove the dynamical version of the local to global principle for étale [Formula: see text]-theory of a curve. The dynamical local to global principle for the groups of Mordell–Weil type has recently been considered by S. Barańczuk in [S. Barańczuk, On a dynamical local-global principle in Mordell-Weil type groups, Expo. Math. 35(2) (2017) 206–211]. We show that all our results remain valid for Quillen [Formula: see text]-theory of [Formula: see text] if the Bass and Quillen–Lichtenbaum conjectures hold true for [Formula: see text]
Two-Stage Automated Operational Modal Analysis Based on Power Spectrum Density Transmissibility and Support-Vector Machines
Authors: Chen Zhi-Wei , Liu Kui-Ming , Yan Wang-Ji , Zhang Jian-Lin , Ren Wei-Xin
Published: February 2021

Power spectrum density transmissibility (PSDT) functions have attracted widespread attention in operational modal analysis (OMA) because of their robustness to excitations. However, the selection of the peaks and stability axes are still subjective and requires further investigation. To this end, this study took advantage of PSDT functions and support-vector machines (SVMs) to propose a two-stage automated modal identification method. In the first stage, the automated identification of peaks is achieved by introducing the peak slope (PS) as a critical index and determining its threshold using the SVM classifier. In the second stage, the automated identification of the stability axis is achieved by introducing the relative difference coefficients (RDCs) of the modal parameters as indicators and determining their thresholds using the SVM classifier. To verify its feasibility and accuracy, the proposed method was applied to an ASCE-benchmark structure in the laboratory and in a high-rise building installed with a structural health monitoring system (SHMS). The results showed that the automated identification method could effectively eliminate spurious modes and accurately identify the closely spaced modes. The proposed method can be automatically applied without manual intervention, and it is robust to noise. It is promising for application to the real-time condition evaluation of civil structures installed with SHMSs.
DEA Efficiency Region for Variations of Inputs and Outputs
Authors: Khoveyni Mohammad , Eslami Robabeh
Published: February 2021

Finding efficiency regions (ERs) for extremely efficient decision-making units (DMUs) is one of the important issues from the managerial and economic viewpoints. An extremely efficient DMU will remain efficient if and only if after changing its inputs and/or its outputs this DMU stays within its ER. Thus, by applying the ER information, decision maker(s) of the evaluated extremely efficient DMU can precisely understand the values of input(s) increment and output(s) decrement of this DMU so that it remains efficient. Hence, in this study, we propose a data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach based on the defining hyperplanes of the production possibility set (PPS), which is capable of finding the ERs of the DMUs when their inputs increase and/or their outputs decrease. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach, in the real world, a numerical example and an empirical application to the banking industry in the Czech Republic are provided.
Integrated Ranking Algorithm for Efficient Decision Making
Authors: Deepa N. , Prabadevi B. , Srivastava Gautam
Published: February 2021

Decision making remains a prominent issue in all the problem domains. To make better decisions, multiple factors of the given problem need to be considered and evaluated. Multi-criteria decision-making methods have been used popularly for solving decision-making problems characterized by multiple factors. When multiple factors are considered, it is recommended to categorize the factors into the main criteria and sub-criteria. In this paper, GRAP-an integrated ranking algorithm has been developed by combining Grey Relational Analysis, Rank Sum, and Preference Ranking Organization Method Enrichment Evaluation methods (PROMETHEE) to solve decision-making problems. The weights of the sub-criteria are calculated using the Rank Sum method. Grey Relational Analysis method is used to convert the sub-criteria values into main criteria values in the form of evaluation scores of alternatives. The final ranking scores of the alternatives are obtained using the PROMETHEE method. A decision model is developed using the proposed GRAP algorithm and applied to the Job Profile selection case study. The developed decision model showed much better results compared to other MCDM approaches namely the Simple Additive Weight method, TOPSIS, VIKOR, and Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS). Further, a sanity check has been carried out by comparing the results of the decision model with experts’ opinions.
Critical Factors for Blockchain Technology Implementation: A Supply Chain Perspective
Authors: Khan Shahbaz , Singh Rubee , Kirti
Published: February 2021

Blockchain is an emerging technology in the digitalization age which has the potential to transform the shape of various business and their related activities. Blockchain is known as the transformative technology capable of reforming the modern supply chain network by offering greater transparency in the information and physical products transformations. There are numerous benefits to implementing blockchain technology (BT) within the supply chain. However, the BT implementation in the supply chain domain is relatively low, because it depends on several factors. Hence, the primary objective of this research is to identify and investigate the critical factor in the supply chain to adopt the BT. To achieve this goal, this study identified the ten critical factors for implementing BT through the literature survey and finalized them with expert feedback. Further, an MCDM method TOPSIS is applied to prioritize these critical factors. The finding of this study shows that “develop the framework for blockchain”, “knowledge and expertise”, “communication among supply chain partners” are high priority critical factors. Therefore, this research recommends that organizations should develop the framework for blockchain and create knowledge and expertise in this domain. Further, they also maintain the effective communication SC partners as we as supply chain stakeholder for collaboration and coordination to implement the blockchain at supply chain level. This study analyses the critical factors associated with BT implementation in the context of the supply chain that will assist the managers for effective execution.
The Molecular Basis for Life in Extreme Environments
Authors: Ando Nozomi , Barquera Blanca , Bartlett Douglas H. , Boyd Eric , Burnim Audrey A. , Byer Amanda S. , Colman Daniel , Gillilan Richard E. , Gruebele Martin , Makhatadze George , Royer Catherine A. , Shock Everett , Wand A. Joshua , Watkins Maxwell B.
Published: February 2021

Sampling and genomic efforts over the past decade have revealed an enormous quantity and diversity of life in Earth's extreme environments. This new knowledge of life on Earth poses the challenge of understandingits molecular basis in such inhospitable conditions, given that such conditions lead to loss of structure and of function in biomolecules from mesophiles. In this review, we discuss the physicochemical properties of extreme environments. We present the state of recent progress in extreme environmental genomics. We then present an overview of our current understanding of the biomolecular adaptation to extreme conditions. As our current and future understanding of biomolecular structure–function relationships in extremophiles requires methodologies adapted to extremes of pressure, temperature, and chemical composition, advances in instrumentation for probing biophysical properties under extreme conditions are presented. Finally, we briefly discuss possible future directions in extreme biophysics.
What Can We Learn from Written Constitutions?
Authors: Elkins Zachary , Ginsburg Tom
Published: February 2021

This article responds to a set of well-known challenges to empirical research on formal institutions in comparative politics. We focus on the case of written constitutions and discuss the scholarly utility of studying such documents in the face of four analytic and theoretical challenges. Each of these challenges, in turn, implies a set of empirical questions, for which we invoke original data to sketch a broad-brushed set of answers. The data analysis and accompanying discussion suggest a set of guidelines for how written constitutions should be deployed in comparative research designs on topics that involve political institutions.
A Chaotic Parallel Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm for Water Quality Monitoring Sensor Networks 3D Coverage Optimization
Authors: Zhou Jie , Qi Guohong , Liu Changzheng
Published: February 2021

In recent years, the increasingly severe water pollution problem encouraged researchers to optimize water quality monitoring sensor networks (WQMSNs) by creating new underwater sensor coverage algorithms. Since the sensor is limited by the monitoring range and the number of targets, optimizing the 3D target coverage of heterogeneous multisensors is essential to maximize the 3D target coverage rate of the monitored waters. To enhance the target coverage rate, the target allocation needs to be searched in all possible combinations. To optimize the 3D coverage of underwater targets, this research proposes a chaotic parallel artificial fish swarm algorithm (CPAFSA). CPAFSA uses chaotic selection to initialize parameters and integrates the global search capabilities of parallel operators. It also applies the elite selection which effectively avoiding local optimization and solving the problem of 3D target coverage. Ultimately, CPAFSA is compared with genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The results of the simulation experiment demonstrated the excellent performance of CPAFSA in achieving underwater 3D target coverage.
Experimental Investigation on the Tensile and Fracture Properties of Burst‐Prone Coal under Quasistatic Condition
Authors: Gong Shuang , Wang Zhen , Zhou Lei , Wang Wen
Published: February 2021

To study the tensile and fracture properties of the specimen under the quasistatic loading, the Brazilian disc splitting method and the notched semicircular bend (NSCB) method were used to test the tensile properties of coal specimens, and the fracture properties of NSCB specimens with different notch depths were tested and analyzed. The applicability of plane strain fracture toughness KIC and J‐integral fracture toughness in evaluating the fracture properties of coal specimens was discussed. The influence of notch depth on the fracture toughness measurement of the NSCB specimen was studied. Combined with the surface strain monitoring of specimens during loading and the industrial CT scanning image of damaged specimens, the deformation characteristics of coal specimen under loads and the distribution law of crack after failure were analyzed. The results show that the NSCB test is suitable for measuring the tensile strength of a coal specimen; when the dimensionless notch depth is β = 0.28, the dispersion of plane strain fracture toughness KIC of the NSCB specimen is the smallest. Besides, the plane strain fracture toughness of coal is obviously affected by the notch depth and dimensionless stress intensity factor. The J‐integral fracture toughness can be used to effectively evaluate the fracture performance of specimens.
Indoor Environment Intelligent Control System of Green Building Based on PMV Index
Authors: Shao Tiandong
Published: February 2021

With the development and progress of society, people have higher and higher requirements for indoor high temperature and humidity environment. The traditional air conditioning system uses temperature and humidity as control parameters, which has a single control goal, low comfort, and high energy consumption. The purpose of this study is to use predicted mean vote (PMV) thermal comfort index and green building to analyze the intelligent control system of indoor environment. Our intelligent research platform is a set of “intelligent” experimental platforms. The sample data were divided into human metabolic rate, human external work, and heat resistance of clothes, temperature, and air. According to the PMV value, velocity, relative humidity, and average radiation temperature are divided into three categories, which are composed of seven parameters. According to the survey results, PMV at 24°C fluctuates around 0.5, which is an important value for human thermal comfort, and people will feel more comfortable. When the temperature reaches 26°C, the PMV index will reach 0.6 or even more than 0.6, and the human body will be in an unpleasant state due to overheating. In addition, the higher the wind speed is, the smaller the PMV value is and the stronger the cooling effect is. The higher the temperature is, the smaller the influence of wind speed on PMV value is. In other words, the sensitivity of the human body to wind speed will be reduced. In this study, the PMV index intelligent control system can adjust the indoor environment properly, and the conclusion is that the energy consumption and use effect are superior to air conditioning equipment. This research has contributed to the development of intelligent buildings.
Interrelationships between Prey and Predators and How Predators Choose Their Prey to Maximize Their Utility Functions
Authors: Idmbarek Asmaa , Achik Yamna , Agmour Imane , Nafia Hajar , El Foutayeni Youssef
Published: February 2021

In this work, we model the relationship between prey and predators by studying the interactive behavior of this prey-predator model and using the change of prey. The objective is to maximize the profit function of each predator by seeking the strategy provided by each predator to maximize its profit. To do so, we maximize this utility function being constrained by balance equations between biomass and trophic, and we show that this last problem is completely equivalent to finding the generalized Nash equilibrium point. To calculate it, we use the conditions of Karush-Kuhn-Tucker and we show that it is indeed a linear complementarity problem.
Analysis of Customization Strategy for E‐Commerce Operation Based on Big Data
Authors: Chen Su
Published: February 2021

In order to improve the efficiency of customization and reduce the cost of customization under Big data environment, this paper uses cost‐sharing contract, pricing mechanism, Hotelling model, and game theory tools and research methods, for C2B Electronic Commerce (e‐commerce) mode of Supply Chain Pricing Strategy for in‐depth discussion. This paper first gives the architecture of the customization service system based on big data. The paper studies the game equilibrium of supply chain members under four scenarios: centralized decision‐making, decentralized decision‐making, C2B‐dominated decision‐making, and traditional enterprise‐dominated decision‐making in a supply chain composed of a supplier and C2B e‐commerce enterprises with horizontal price competition, and examines the cross‐price. Important parameters such as impact coefficient, impact coefficient of effort degree of personalized customization, and so on have an impact on variables such as effort degree of personalized customization, retail price, and profit of supply chain members of C2B e‐commerce enterprises. Research shows that with the increase of cross‐price impact coefficient, C2B e‐commerce will enhance its personalized customization efforts in different situations in order to pursue higher profits.