bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis on Spatial Characteristics and the Adaptation Mechanism of Miao Traditional Settlement in Qiandongnan, China
Authors: Lei Yalun , Zhou Hongtao , Wang Meng , Wang Chuan
Published: October 2022

In the farming era, the ancestors of Miao moved to a mountainous area in Qiandongnan to avoid wars. When they started their settlement construction, people gave priority to how to deal appropriately with the great survival pressure they were facing. This paper uses the methods GIS spatial analysis, morphological index, and spatial syntax to explain the spatial characteristics of Miao traditional settlements from the perspective of both regional scale and individual settlement and explores the adaptation mechanism. The results show that (1) spatial distribution of settlements shows a tendency of agglomeration and significant spatial heterogeneity; the maximum kernel density is in the Leikaitai area, which is featured by an inclined “T” shape; (2) settlements are concentrated in areas mainly around Qingshui River and Duliu River, with an elevation of 500–1000 m, terrain relief of 10–20 m, and the slope of 5–15°; (3) the external boundary of settlement is mainly finger-shaped and buildings showed a large concentration of small distribution; and (4) settlements have generally formed an overall landscape pattern of “mountain-water-field-forest-building,” with the space center appearing inside the settlements and the road connecting the outside of the settlement. This paper summarizes the intrinsic relationship among settlements’ spatial characteristics, the natural environment, and the social and economic environment and concludes the internal morphological evolution of the settlement which has shifted from survival adaptability to active search for development. The results of this research can provide a valuable reference for traditional settlement protection, utilization, and sustainable development.
Corrosion Detection Method of Transmission Line Components in Mining Area Based on Multiscale Enhanced Fusion
Authors: Wu Jun , Sun Yingxin , Wang Xinliang
Published: October 2022

Component corrosion is one of the potential safety hazards in transmission lines in mining areas. In order to solve the problem of poor detection accuracy caused by the large proportion of small targets and complex background in the current distant view corrosion inspection task by UAV, we propose a PWR-YOLOV5 detection method for corrosion components based on the YOLOV5 algorithm. Firstly, a new feature fusion network, WA-PANet, is reconstructed on the basis of the path aggregation network (PANet) to make full use of the features at different stages and advance the detection accuracy of small targets in distant view by deepening the process of feature fusion and introducing the skip layer connections and adaptive feature fusion factors. Secondly, the pyramid split attention (PSA) module is introduced into the deep layers of the network to highlight the feature expression of corrosion targets and enhance the ability to detect pixel-level objects. Then, we construct a receptive feature enhancement network (RFENet), which can heighten the feature fusion effect of the WA-PANet and alleviate the problem of the feature expression ability weakening due to the fusion of different receptive field features. Finally, the EIoU Loss is adopted to optimize the loss function and improve the positioning accuracy of the bounding box. The experimental results show that the mAP of the PWR-YOLOV5 algorithm can reach up to 95.37%, which is 5.22% higher than YOLOV5, and the detection speed is 64.9FPS. Compared with the algorithms such as YOLOV4, Faster R-CNN, and YOLOX, the improved algorithm has better overall detection performance for the corrosion components of transmission lines in the mining area.
Dexmedetomidine Regulates the miR-146a-5p/NF-κB Axis to Alleviate Electroconvulsive Therapy-Induced Cognitive Impairments
Authors: Zhou Xiaohui , Si Peipei , Wang Li , Jia Huiqun
Published: October 2022

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a nonpharmacological treatment for depressive episodes and other psychiatric disorders. It is used to control the condition by causing a transient loss of consciousness through electrical stimulation. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a novel and highly selective adrenergic agonist with sedative, sympathetic nerve activity inhibiting and stress-responsive effects. This study focused on the effect of DEX on cerebral protection after ECT treatment. 68 depression patients were enrolled and divided into control group and DEX group. The occurrence of delirium after ECT treatment in depression cases was recorded. In vivo, we constructed chronic mild and unpredictable stress (CUMS) rats to mimic depression model. Meanwhile, ECT treatment and DEX injection were administrated in CUMS rats. Learning and memory in rats were measured by Morris water maze test, open field test (OFT), and forced swimming test (FST). Finally, the expression of miR-146a-5p and NF-κB was determined by RT-qPCR and western blot assay. The incidence of delirium after ECT treatment was prominently reduced in DEX group in relation to control group. In vivo, DEX injection had no effect on ECT treatment efficacy against depression conditions. After ECT treatment, the cognitive impairment was ameliorated in CUMS rats accomplished with decreased miR-146a-5p and increased NF-κB level. Finally, compared with ECT treatment, DEX injection could protect against depression-like behaviors by increasing miR-146a-5p level and inactivated NF-κB pathway. Overall, ECT-induced cognitive impairment in depression rats could be ameliorated by DEX injection via miR-146a-5p/NF-κB axis.
Construction and Application of College Smart Party-Building Platform Integrating Artificial Intelligence and Internet Technology
Authors: Chen Huoxin , Su Jin
Published: October 2022

In the era of “Internet +,” the deep integration of party building in colleges and universities and information technology is the objective need for the modernization of the party’s government in colleges and universities and the realization of science. Starting from the concept of the smart party-building platform in colleges and universities, this study analyzes the current situation of the informatization and intelligence of party-building work in colleges and universities. Combined with the current development needs of the party-building work in colleges and universities, starting from the significance of the construction of the smart party-building platform in colleges and universities, the ideas and main research studies on the construction of the smart party-building platform in colleges and universities are expounded. Contents describe the construction path and implementation method of the university wisdom party-building platform in order to construct a reasonable and efficient university wisdom party-building platform construction plan.
Efficacy of Pretreatment with Lycium barbarum Polysaccharide in Various Doses in Influencing Splenic Immunity and Prognosis of Sepsis in Rats
Authors: Ding Huan , Yang Ping , Zhang Xue-hong , Ma Yu-Jie
Published: October 2022

Objective. Sepsis, showing high mortality, is a lethal dysfunction of organs caused by an infection-induced disorder in the host response. It has complicated pathogenesis, which has not yet been elucidated completely. Recently, the principal factors causing pathogenesis and even death in sepsis patients are imbalance in inflammatory response and immunosuppression occurring when the host is challenged by infection. Previous studies found that Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) worked well in enhancing immunity. This study aims at exploring the efficacy of pretreatment with LPB in regulating splenic immunity during the pathogenesis of sepsis induced by cecum ligation perforation (CLP) in rats. Methods. This research established the cecum ligation perforation rat model. Using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry, the effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide in various doses in influencing splenic immunity and prognosis of sepsis induced by cecum ligation perforation in rats were examined. Results. This study showed that LBP lowered the 72-hour mortality of sepsis rats induced by CLP, relieved systemic inflammation, improved the ratio of T-cell subgroups positive in CD3+, CD4+, or CD8+ and expression of HLA-DR protein, and repaired damage to splenic tissue, implying its efficacy in enhancing the immunity of sepsis rats induced by CLP. Conclusions. LBP may ameliorate clinical symptoms of rats with cecum ligation perforation, improve cellular immunity in the spleen, and treat sepsis so as to provide a theoretical basis for the pathogenesis and development of sepsis as well as its diagnosis and treatment, and offer scientific proof for the development and utilization of LBP applied to critical diseases.
Spherical Fuzzy Information Aggregation Based on Aczel–Alsina Operations and Data Analysis for Supply Chain
Authors: Riaz Muhammad , Athar Farid Hafiz Muhammad , Pamucar Dragan , Tanveer Shaista
Published: October 2022

Spherical fuzzy sets (SFSs) are often made up of membership, nonmembership, and hesitancy grades, and also have the advantage of accurately representing decision makers (DMs) preferences. This article proposes novel spherical fuzzy aggregation operators (AOs) based on Aczel–Alsina (AA) operations, which offer a lot of advantages when tackling real-world situations. We begin by introducing some new SFS operations, such as the Aczel–Alsina product, the Aczel–Alsina sum, the Aczel–Alsina exponent, and the Aczel–Alsina scalar multiplication. We developed many AOs namely, the “spherical fuzzy Aczel–Alsina weighted averaging (SFAAWA) operator,” “spherical fuzzy Aczel–Alsina ordered weighted averaging (SFAAOWA) operator,” “spherical fuzzy Aczel–Alsina hybrid averaging (SFAAHA) operator,” “spherical fuzzy Aczel–Alsina weighted geometric (SFAAWG) operator,” “spherical fuzzy Aczel–Alsina ordered weighted geometric (SFAAOWG) operator,” and “spherical fuzzy Aczel–Alsina hybrid geometric (SFAAHG) operator.” Different attributes of these operators have been defined. The idempotency, boundary, monotonicity, and commutativity of suggested averaging and geometric operators are demonstrated. Then, based on these operators, we propose a novel approach for tackling the “multi-criteria decision-making” (MCDM) problems. We use a agriculture land selection scenario to demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed approach. The outcome confirms the new technique’s applicability and viability. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis and a comparison analysis between the existing approaches and the recommended technique have been provided.
Modeling Crossing Conflicts at Unsignalized T-Intersections under Heterogeneous Traffic Conditions
Authors: Goyani Jaydip , Gore Ninad , Arkatkar Shriniwas
Published: October 2022

The safety of unsignalized intersections is evaluated by correlating the number of crashes with traffic volume and intersection geometry. However, crash-based safety assessment has known drawbacks related to data quality and coverage. Further, the crash-based safety analysis does not account that not all vehicles interact unsafely. Therefore, the present study develops crossing conflict-based safety performance functions (C-SPFs) for eight urban unsignalized T-intersections with varying intersection geometry. Initially, the crossing conflicts were analyzed using post encroachment time (PET); based on that, they are bifurcated into critical and noncritical conflicts. The C-SPFs were modeled as a function of traffic volume and intersection geometry using the generalized estimating equations with the Tweedie distribution (GEE_TD) regression approach. The results revealed the time of the day, intersection geometry, vehicular composition, and traffic volume of both offending and conflicting approaches as significant variables influencing the number of critical and noncritical crossing conflicts. Further, to check the predictive power of the GEE_TD model, the model errors are compared with those obtained using the negative binomial (NB) model. The result revealed that for both critical and noncritical conflicts, the GEE_TD model has better predictivity (lesser error) than the NB model.
Mitotic Checkpoint Imbalances in Familial Cancer
Authors: Villarroya-Beltri Carolina , Malumbres Marcos
Published: October 2022

Numerical chromosomal aberrations are highly frequent in cancer cells. However, tumor-associated mutations in regulators of the mitotic machinery that controls chromosome segregation are rather rare. By sequencing families with hereditary cancer, Chen and colleagues report two novel heterozygous mutations in CDC20, a coactivator of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C) and a target of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) that prevents chromosome missegregation during mitosis. CDC20 mutations result in partial SAC functionality and segregate with tumor susceptibility in families with aneuploid ovarian cancers and other malignancies. The expression of these mutations in a knock-in mouse model accelerates the development of Myc-induced lymphomas and mortality, strongly supporting the notion that partial dysfunction of mitotic regulators may have profound implications in spontaneous and hereditary cancer.

See related article by Chen et al., p. 3499
Clinical Safety Recommendations for Testicular Torsion: Analysis of 101 Claims Settled with Compensation in Spain and France
Authors: Vargas-Blasco César , Martin-Fumadó Carles , Benet-Travé Josep , Fuz Frédéric , Romero Georges , Autran Melanie , Arimany-Manso Josep
Published: October 2022

Introduction: The study aimed to analyze testicular torsion (TT) claims settled with compensation to have data available as the basis for making recommendations to decrease clinical risk and prevent claims. TT is a urological emergency with a high rate of orchiectomy, representing one of the main reasons for urological claims. Methods: Data were analyzed from personal majority policy and from the public sector of Catalonia (Spain), as well as data from the main medical civil liability insurance firm at healthcare centers in France in the period from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2018. Results: Fifty Spanish and 51 French cases were analyzed. Statistical differences were logged in the two settings analyzed in performing ultrasounds, in the area where primary care was provided and with regard to settlement amounts. Diagnosis was late in 76.2% of cases. Discussion: The medical action time from the onset of symptoms and Doppler testicular ultrasound in cases of questionable differential diagnoses is key to prognoses to save the testicles. Properly filling out the emergency report and the rest of medical records are essential for receiving correct medical care and defending possible claims.
Reconsideration of the Role of Regulatory T Cells during Pregnancy: Differential Characteristics of Regulatory T Cells between the Maternal-Fetal Interface and Peripheral Sites and between Early and Late Pregnancy
Authors: Saito Shigeru
Published: October 2022

Regulatory T (Treg) cells play an important role in implantation of the embryo and maintenance of pregnancy after allogeneic mating. Implantation failure, miscarriage, and preeclampsia are associated with decreased numbers of Treg cells or with dysfunctional Treg cells. Treg cells are classified into naturally occurring Treg (nTreg) cells or thymus-derived Treg (tTreg) cells that differentiate in the thymus and induce tolerance to self-antigens, while induced Treg (iTreg) or peripheral Treg (pTreg) cells differentiate in the periphery and induce transient tolerance to foreign antigens. Memory nTreg or iTreg cells were recently reported to accumulate in the uterus during early pregnancy and contribute to the establishment of pregnancy. Miscarriage is characterized by the downregulation of the total numbers of Treg cells rather than a downregulation of the numbers of paternal/fetal antigen-specific Treg cells. In addition to the volume of paternal/fetal antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, the number of paternal/fetal antigen-specific Treg cells, which protect the fetus/placenta against maternal immune cell attack, increases after the second trimester of pregnancy. Clonal Treg cells which are surrogate markers of paternal/fetal antigen-specific Treg cells in humans may be involved in the development of preeclampsia during the mid- to late pregnancy stage, as evidenced by their downregulation in the decidua of preeclamptic cases. This review summarizes recent findings on Treg cells and discusses the roles, in the maintenance of pregnancy, of different types of Treg cells such as paternal/fetal antigen-specific Treg, pregnancy-associated memory Treg, nTreg (or tTreg), and iTreg (or pTreg cells).
Influenciadoras Muçulmanas no Instagram
Authors: Batista Maria Rita Galhardo , Andreossi Vitoria Fernandes , Moreno Beatriz Emídio , Sakiyama Bianca Erina , Barbosa Francirosy Campos
Published: October 2022

Considerando a popularização das mídias sociais e o crescimento de profissões a elas relacionadas, pretendeu-se por meio deste estudo entender o que constitui as influenciadoras muçulmanas e analisar o engajamento alcançado a depender do conteúdo difundido. Para tanto, foram considerados os perfis de Mag Halat, Fabiola Oliveira e Mariam Chami na plataforma Instagram, analisando-os através dos conteúdos produzidos e o engajamento dos seguidores nas publicações, de modo a entender como a representatividade e visibilidade podem interferir nessa relação. O engajamento foi analisado por meio de abordagem quanti-qualitativa, tanto no feed como nos stories. Assim sendo, foi possível observar como os três perfis são importantes para garantir a representatividade da mulher muçulmana no ambiente do Instagram. Ao estabelecerem-se como influenciadoras, as interlocutoras analisadas contribuem para levar ao público seus conhecimentos acerca do Islam, e assim desmistificar conceitos errôneos, disseminar informação e combater preconceitos, cada uma à sua maneira.
Long-Term Outcomes for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Elderly Patients: An Analysis of Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival Data Linked to Medicare Files
Authors: Chan Paul S. , McNally Bryan , Chang Anping , Girotra Saket , Al-Araji Rabab , Mawani Minaz , Ahn Ki Ok , Merritt Robert
Published: October 2022

Background:

Most studies on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest have primarily focused on in-hospital or short-term survival. Little is known about long-term outcomes and resource use among survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Methods:

In this observationsl study, we describe overall long-term outcomes for patients from the national Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival linked to Medicare files to create the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival: Mortality, Events, and Costs for Cardiac Arrest survivors dataset. Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival data between 2013 and 2019 were linked to Medicare data using probabilistic matching algorithms. Overall long-term mortality, readmissions, and index hospitalization costs are reported for the overall cohort.

Results:

Among 56 425 patients who were 65 years of age or older in Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival who survived to hospital admission, 26 875 (47.6%) were successfully linked to Medicare files. Mean (
+
SD) cost of the index hospitalization was $23 262
+
$24 199 and the median cost was $14 636 (interquartile range, $9930–$30 033). Overall, 8676 (32.3%) survived to hospital discharge with 38.0% discharged home, 11.8% to hospice care, and the remaining 50.2% to other inpatient, skilled nursing care, or rehabilitation facilities. Mortality after discharge was initially high (27.0% at 3 months) and then increased gradually, with 1- and 3-year mortality of 37.1% and 50.1%, respectively. During the first year, 40.1% were readmitted at least once, with 19.7% readmitted on > 1 occasion.

Conclusions:

The Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival: Mortality, Events, and Costs for Cardiac Arrest survivors registry includes rich data on postdischarge outcomes and resource utilization. Use of this dataset will enable future investigations on the long-term effectiveness, costs, and cost-effectiveness of various interventions for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in elderly patients.
Maternal Cardiovascular Health in Early Pregnancy and Childhood Brain Structure
Authors: Silva Carolina C. V. , Santos Susana , Muetzel Ryan L. , Vernooij Meike W. , van Rijn Bas B. , Jaddoe Vincent W. V. , El Marroun Hanan
Published: October 2022

Background

Poor cardiovascular health during pregnancy has been associated with adverse neurocognitive outcomes in the offspring. We examined the associations of maternal cardiovascular health factors with brain structure in 10‐year‐old children.

Methods and Results

We included 2797 mother–offspring pairs from the Generation R Study. Maternal body mass index, gestational weight gain, blood pressure, insulin, glucose, and lipid blood concentrations were obtained in early pregnancy. Childhood structural brain measures, including global metrics of brain tissue volumes and white matter microstructure, were quantified by magnetic resonance imaging at 10 years. As compared with offspring of mothers with normal weight, those of mothers with underweight had smaller total brain volume (difference, −28.99 [95% CI −56.55 to −1.45] cm
3
). Similarly, as compared with offspring of mothers with gestational weight gain between the 25th and 75th percentile, those of mothers with gestational weight loss or no gestational weight gain (<25th percentile), had smaller total brain volume (difference, −13.07 [95% CI, −23.82 to −2.32] cm
3
). Also, higher maternal diastolic blood pressure in early pregnancy was associated with lower offspring white matter mean diffusivity (difference, −0.07 [95% CI, −0.11 to −0.02] SD score). After multiple testing correction, only the association of maternal diastolic blood pressure with lower offspring white matter mean diffusivity remained statistically significant. No associations were observed of maternal insulin, glucose, and lipid concentrations with childhood brain outcomes.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that maternal cardiovascular health during pregnancy might be related to offspring brain development in the long term. Future studies are needed to replicate our findings and to explore the causal nature of the associations.
Comparison of Pharmacy Refill Data With Chemical Adherence Testing in Assessing Medication Nonadherence in a Safety Net Hospital Setting
Authors: Osula David , Wu Bryan , Schesing Kevin , Das Sandeep R. , Moss Elizabeth , Alvarez Kristin , Clark Christopher , Halm Ethan A. , Brown Nancy J , Vongpatanasin Wanpen
Published: October 2022

Background

Pharmacy fill data are a practical tool for assessing medication nonadherence. However, previous studies have not compared the accuracy of pharmacy fill data to measurement of plasma drug levels, or chemical adherence testing (CAT).

Methods and Results

We performed a cross‐sectional study in patients with uncontrolled hypertension in outpatient clinics in a safety net health system. Plasma samples were obtained for measurement of common cardiovascular drugs, including calcium channel blockers, thiazide diuretics, beta blockers, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, and statins, using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Proportion of days covered (PDC), a method for tracking pharmacy fill data, was calculated via linkages with Surescripts, and its diagnostic test characteristics were compared with CAT. Among 77 patients with uncontrolled hypertension, 13 (17%) were nonadherent to at least 1 antihypertensive drug and 23 (37%) were nonadherent to statins by CAT. PDC was significantly lower in the nonadherent versus the adherent group by CAT only among patients prescribed an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker or statin (all
P
<0.05) but not in patients prescribed other drug classes. The sensitivity and specificity of PDC in detecting nonadherence to angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers and statin drugs by CAT were 75% to 82% and 56% to 79%, respectively. The positive predictive value of PDC in detecting nonadherence was only 11% to 27% for antihypertensive drugs and 45% for statins.

Conclusions

PDC is useful in detecting nonadherence to angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers and statins but has limited usefulness in detecting nonadherence to calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, or thiazide diuretics and has a low positive predictive value for all drug classes.
Lipidome‐ and Genome‐Wide Study to Understand Sex Differences in Circulatory Lipids
Authors: Tabassum Rubina , Ruotsalainen Sanni , Ottensmann Linda , Gerl Mathias J. , Klose Christian , Tukiainen Taru , Pirinen Matti , Simons Kai , Widén Elisabeth , Ripatti Samuli
Published: October 2022

Background

Despite well‐recognized differences in the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk between men and women, sex differences in risk factors and sex‐specific mechanisms in the pathophysiology of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remain poorly understood. Lipid metabolism plays a central role in the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Understanding sex differences in lipids and their genetic determinants could provide mechanistic insights into sex differences in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and aid in precise risk assessment. Herein, we examined sex differences in plasma lipidome and heterogeneity in genetic influences on lipidome in men and women through sex‐stratified genome‐wide association analyses.

Methods and Results

We used data consisting of 179 lipid species measured by shotgun lipidomics in 7266 individuals from the Finnish GeneRISK cohort and sought for replication using independent data from 2045 participants. Significant sex differences in the levels of 141 lipid species were observed (
P
<7.0×10
−4
). Interestingly, 121 lipid species showed significant age‐sex interactions, with opposite age‐related changes in 39 lipid species. In general, most of the cholesteryl esters, ceramides, lysophospholipids, and glycerides were higher in 45‐ to 50‐year‐old men compared with women of same age, but the sex differences narrowed down or reversed with age. We did not observe any major differences in genetic effect in the sex‐stratified genome‐wide association analyses, which suggests that common genetic variants do not have a major role in sex differences in lipidome.

Conclusions

Our study provides a comprehensive view of sex differences in circulatory lipids pointing to potential sex differences in lipid metabolism and highlights the need for sex‐ and age‐specific prevention strategies.
COVIC: Collecting Visualizations of COVID-19 to Outline a Space of Possibilities
Authors: Kahn Paul , Dubberly Hugh , Rodighiero Dario
Published: October 2022

We describe the COVID-19 Online Visualization Collection (COVIC), its goals, how it came to be, and why we propose such a collection as a new path for design research. The COVIC database contains a collective visualization response to the COVID-19 pandemic gathered from approximately 3,000 articles, each containing one or more visualizations (about 12,000 in total). We have sought to create a resource for design research—a boundary object—that will be useful to any of the disciplines brought together through their response to the pandemic event.
A Legal Analysis of the Protection of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Nigeria
Authors: Animashaun Oyesola , Chitimira Howard
Published: October 2022

Persons with disabilities are often discriminated against in society on the basis and/or grounds such as race, ethnicity, cultural beliefs, as well as religious beliefs. Moreover, there is a general negative societal attitude and a negative perception against persons with disabilities globally. For instance, persons with disabilities are negatively treated as a charitable problem of the society in many countries, including Nigeria. This approach could have deliberately or inadvertently led to the omission of the specific rights of persons with disabilities from the list of fundamental rights under the Nigerian Constitution, 1999. However, the recent enactment of the Discrimination Against Persons with Disabilities (Prohibition) Act, 2018, could be a positive step in addressing numerous challenges such as poverty, unemployment, discrimination, and health care problems that are faced by persons with disabilities in Nigeria, especially in the wake of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Against this background, the article discusses the challenges that are encountered by persons with disabilities in Nigeria during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is undertaken to, inter alia, assess the adequacy of the legal and constitutional protection on the rights of persons with disabilities, especially during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. Moreover, the flaws and gaps in the current legal and constitutional regime for the protection of the rights of persons with disabilities in Nigeria are discussed. Thereafter, possible recommendations to curb such flaws in Nigeria are provided.
Post-Pandemic Legislation in Indonesia
Authors: Arifin Saru
Published: October 2022

Since the imposition of lockdowns or restrictions on social mobility in response to pandemics in 2020, the operations of many governments have undergone a radical transformation. Indonesia’s compliance with the new health protocols did not stand out as exceptional in this regard. This article investigates how and to what extent the Indonesian Parliament utilized ict during the pandemic, as well as the future viability of ict as a legislative tool. This article argues that the Parliament’s use of ict during the pandemic improved its effectiveness, efficiency, and openness in carrying out its responsibilities. In addition, the number of mp s in attendance – albeit virtual – increased. This article suggests that appropriate regulation is required to authorize the use of ict in legislative activities and that trained human resources are necessary to address cyber-related errors resulting from external threats. Additionally, the adoption of ict should not be limited to digitizing legislative activities. It must be founded on the institution’s core business.
Study of the genus Ethmia Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Ethmiidae) from China, with descriptions of six new species
Authors: ZHU XIAOJU , WANG SHUXIA
Published: October 2022

Six new species of Ethmia Hübner [1819] are described and illustrated from China: E. adunatimacula sp. nov., E. anfracta sp. nov., E. anomala sp. nov., E. corrugata sp. nov., E. rectiuga sp. nov. and E. transtimacula sp. nov. Two species (E. anatiformis Kun, 2001 and E. vietmiella Kun, 2001) are newly recorded for China; one species (E. crocosoma Meyrick, 1914) is newly recorded for the Mainland China. The male of E. susa Kun & Szabóky 2000 and the females of E. antennipilosa Wang & Li, 2004, E. vietmiella Kun, 2001 and E. yeni Kun, 2001 are reported for the first time. Images of adults and genitalia are provided.
A new species of the grenadier genus Coelorinchus (Gadiformes: Macrouridae) from the western Indian Ocean
Authors: PROKOFIEV ARTEM M. , IWAMOTO TOMIO
Published: October 2022

A new species, Coelorinchus tricristiger sp. nov., is described from the western Indian Ocean off Socotra and Somalia. It belongs to the Coelorinchus hubbsi group of the subgenus Quincuncia. The modified scales on top of the postorbital portion of head forming a prolonged longitudinal ridge, in combination with its distinctive body markings and the absence of a ventral projection of subopercle, make the new species easily distinguishable from congeners. This is the second representative of the C. hubbsi group in the western Indian Ocean in addition to the previously known C. melanosagmatus.
Recent adventive soft scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) and mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) in India
Authors: JOSHI SUNIL , GUPTA ANKITA , SHASHANK P.R. , PAI SACHIN G. , MOHAN M. , RACHANA R.R. , DUBEY VINOD KUMAR , SANDEEP ANGALAKUDITI , DEEPTHY K.B.
Published: October 2022

Four species of soft scale insect [Hemiptera: Coccidae: Fistulococcus pokfulamensis Hodgson & Martin, Kilifia deltoides De Lotto, Maacoccus piperis (Green) and Paralecanium machili Takahashi] and two species of mealybug [Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae: Antonina thaiensis Takahashi and Formicococcus simplicior (Green)] are recorded in India for the first time. Each of the six species is comprehensively diagnosed based on Indian material, and compared with earlier descriptions. Keys to the Indian species in their respective genera are provided to facilitate identification. Ecological information on host plants, associated ants and natural enemies is also given.
First record of three alien Auchenorrhyncha species from Europe: Acanalonia bivittata (Say, 1825), Branchana xanthota Li, 2011, and Dryadomorpha pallida Kirkaldy 1906 (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Acanaloniidae, Cicadellidae)
Authors: SANNA FRANCESCO , POGGI FRANCESCO
Published: October 2022

Three alien Auchenorrhyncha species are recorded for the first time from Europe (northern Italy): the Nearctic planthopper Acanalonia bivittata (Say, 1825), the Asian leafhopper Branchana xanthota Li, 2011, and the leafhopper Dryadomorpha pallida Kirkaldy 1906, present in the Afrotropical, Palearctic, Oriental and Australian regions. Observations on morphology and data on biology and host plants are provided. The 5th instar nymph of Dryadomorpha pallida is described.

Considerations and data about the increase of alien Auchenorrhyncha species in Europe are discussed.
Diurnal Variation of Precipitation over the High Mountain Asia: Spatial Distribution and Its Seasonality
Authors: Zhao Dingchi , Dong Wenhao , Lin Yanluan , Hu Yang , Cao Dianbin
Published: October 2022

Using abundant rainfall gauge measurements and Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) data, spatial patterns of rainfall diurnal cycles and their seasonality over high mountain Asia (HMA) were examined. Spatial distributions of rainfall diurnal cycles over the HMA have a prominent seasonality regulated by circulations at different spatiotemporal scales, within which large regional contrasts are embedded. Rainfall diurnal variability is relatively weak in the premonsoon season, with larger amplitude over the western HMA, the southeastern HMA, as well as southern periphery regions, characterized by a dominant late afternoon to morning rainfall preference. The pattern of rainfall spatial distributions is closely related to the midlatitude westerlies. Both the mean rainfall and amplitudes of diurnal cycles become more pronounced with the advance of monsoon season but weaken during postmonsoon. The widespread late afternoon to night pattern over HMA migrating with seasonal atmospheric circulation is consistent with the lifetime of convective systems, which become active from the afternoon due to radiative heating and decay during the night. Stationary terrain-dependent night-to-morning rainfall patterns are visible in those east–west-orientated valleys over HMA and the Qaidam basin throughout the seasons. This salient geographical dependence is associated with local circulation produced by the strong differential thermal conditions over mountains and valleys, which can lift the warm moist air at the mouth of the valley and trigger nocturnal convection.

Significance Statement

The main purpose of this study is to explore how spatial patterns of rainfall diurnal cycles over high mountain Asia vary with the seasons. Our results show that the widespread late afternoon to night rainfall over high mountain Asia migrating with seasonal atmospheric circulation is consistent with the lifetime of convective systems. Stationary terrain-dependent night-to-morning rainfall patterns are visible in those east–west-orientated valleys over high mountain Asia and the Qaidam basin throughout the seasons. These results highlight the importance of large-scale atmospheric circulation and local circulation on precipitation, which is critical for water resources over high mountain Asia.
Langmuir Circulations Transfer Kinetic Energy from Submesoscales and Larger Scales to Dissipative Scales
Authors: Hypolite Delphine , Romero Leonel , McWilliams James C. , Dauhajre Daniel P.
Published: October 2022

Surface gravity wave effects on currents (WEC) cause the emergence of Langmuir cells (LCs) in a suite of high horizontal resolution (Δx = 30 m), realistic oceanic simulations in the open ocean of central California. During large wave events, LCs develop widely but inhomogeneously, with larger vertical velocities in a deeper mixed layer. They interact with extant submesoscale currents. A 550-m horizontal spatial filter separates the signals of LCs and of submesoscale and larger-scale currents. The LCs have a strong velocity variance with small density gradient variance, while submesoscale currents are large in both. Using coarse graining, we show that WEC induces a forward cascade of kinetic energy in the upper ocean up to at least a 5-km scale. This is due to strong positive vertical Reynolds stress (in both the Eulerian and the Stokes drift energy production terms) at all resolved scales in the WEC solutions, associated with large vertical velocities. The spatial filter elucidates the role of LCs in generating the shear production on the vertical scale of Stokes drift (10 m), while submesoscale currents affect both the horizontal and vertical energy fluxes throughout the mixed layer (50–80 m). There is a slightly weaker forward cascade associated with nonhydrostatic LCs (by 13% in average) than in the hydrostatic case, but overall the simulation differences are small. A vertical mixing scheme K-profile parameterization (KPP) partially augmented by Langmuir turbulence yields wider LCs, which can lead to lower surface velocity gradients compared to solutions using the standard KPP scheme.
The Impact of Caprini Guideline Indicated Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Colorectal Surgery Patients: Experience of a Single Health System
Authors: Hyman David W. , Brennan Emily R. , Spaulding Aaron C. , Colibaseanu Dorin T. , Akram Hussain Md Walid , Muraleedharan Divya , Casler John D. , Schreier Diana J. , Thompson Kristine M. , Edwards Michael A.
Published: October 2022

Background

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the most common cause of preventable mortality following colorectal surgery (CRS), occurring in about 2% of patients. As a result, prophylaxis including discharge chemoprophylaxis is recommended. While VTE risk assessment tools are available, the consistent adoption and utilization of these tools remains elusive. Our study objectives were to determine the utilization and impact of risk adjusted VTE prophylaxis in CRS patients.

Study Design

CRS cases performed between 1/1/2016 and 5/31/2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Caprini score and implemented VTE prophylaxis measures were determined. The primary outcome measure was receiving Caprini guideline indicated VTE prophylaxis. Secondary outcomes included VTE and bleeding. Categorical variables were compared by chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests, and continuous variables by Kruskal-Wallis test. Logistic regression models were used to determine predictors of receiving appropriate VTE prophylaxis or experiencing postoperative VTE and bleeding.

Results

10,422 CRS cases were analyzed and 90.6% were high risk for VTE. In-hospital appropriate prophylaxis rates in low, moderate, high, and very high-risk category patients were 91.2%, 56.1%, 61.0%, and 63.1%, respectively. Inpatient VTE was reduced by 75% in those receiving appropriate VTE prophylaxis. At discharge, 5.8% of patients received appropriate prophylaxis, in whom there were no VTE events at 30- and 90 days from discharge. Increasing Caprini score positively correlated with VTE risk in both the inpatient and discharge cohorts, but inversely correlated with the likelihood of receiving appropriate prophylaxis at discharge (OR .31, P <.0001).

Conclusion

Caprini guideline indicated VTE prophylaxis in CRS patients reduced VTE events without increasing bleeding complications.
The Development and Validation of the Heterosexism Erasure Scale
Authors: Shin Richard Q. , Keum Brian TaeHyuk , Smith Lance C. , Lu Yun , Yee Stephanie
Published: October 2022

The heterosexism erasure construct captures attitudes, which deny or minimize the systemic oppression of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) persons in the United States. Heterosexism erasure expands the interrogation of denying or minimizing discrimination (Neville at al., 2006) beyond the realm of White supremacy and into the domain of heteronormativity. The purpose of this project was to develop a psychometrically sound measure of heterosexism erasure. Two independent samples were gathered to conduct exploratory ( n = 425) and confirmatory ( n = 367) factor analyses to assess for initial reliability and validity evidence of the Heterosexism Erasure Scale (HES). Results suggest that the final 13-item HES provides a general index of heterosexism erasure as well as assesses two related, but distinct factors named Heterosexism Denial and Heterosexism Minimization. Results support the internal consistency and factor structure of the measure. Expected relationships between the HES and existing measures provide validity evidence for the instrument.
Shear thickening fabric composites for impact protection: a review
Authors: Tan Yuhao , Ma Yanxue , Li Yuling
Published: October 2022

Fabrics with proper mechanical properties and high structural designability are frequently selected as the reinforcement of flexible composites. Shear thickening materials (STMs), including shear thickening fluid and shear thickening gel, are dense colloidal suspensions exhibiting an abrupt increase in viscosity with increasing shear rate. Shear thickening fabric composites (STFCs) which combined STM with fabrics, have been increasingly in demand for impact protective applications due to their tremendous potential. Herein, the characteristics of STM and the effects of fabric reinforcement on STFC impact behaviors are discussed for optimizing their properties and structures. Subsequently, the impact behaviors of STFCs obtained by multiple testing approaches with different impact threats are reviewed systematically. Furthermore, a comprehensive summary of the existing literature on stab, drop-weight, split Hopkinson pressure bar, and ballistic impact protective mechanisms of STFCs is presented. It is found that based on the proper selection of STM types, thorough mechanistic explanations of STFC impact behaviors are instructive and could facilitate the development of wearable protective equipment. The purpose of this critical review is to provide a framework for comparison of the effective impact resistances of STFCs across many applications and to discuss issues for future research.
Evaluating Equating Transformations in IRT Observed-Score and Kernel Equating Methods
Authors: Leôncio Waldir , Wiberg Marie , Battauz Michela
Published: October 2022

Test equating is a statistical procedure to ensure that scores from different test forms can be used interchangeably. There are several methodologies available to perform equating, some of which are based on the Classical Test Theory (CTT) framework and others are based on the Item Response Theory (IRT) framework. This article compares equating transformations originated from three different frameworks, namely IRT Observed-Score Equating (IRTOSE), Kernel Equating (KE), and IRT Kernel Equating (IRTKE). The comparisons were made under different data-generating scenarios, which include the development of a novel data-generation procedure that allows the simulation of test data without relying on IRT parameters while still providing control over some test score properties such as distribution skewness and item difficulty. Our results suggest that IRT methods tend to provide better results than KE even when the data are not generated from IRT processes. KE might be able to provide satisfactory results if a proper pre-smoothing solution can be found, while also being much faster than IRT methods. For daily applications, we recommend observing the sensibility of the results to the equating method, minding the importance of good model fit and meeting the assumptions of the framework.
Federalism and Land Rights in the Context of Post-1991 Ethiopia
Authors: Ganta Brightman Gebremichael
Published: October 2022

The land rights question has always been at the center of the political–economic history of Ethiopia as a modern state. It serves as a means of political control and/or a cause for/of political struggle. The adoption of “ethnic-based” federalism in post-1991 Ethiopia further introduces the federal state power competition over land matters and contributes a distinct and divergent way of perceiving the relationship between the state and people’s ownership of land as adopted in the 1995 federal Constitution. The Constitution establishes the Central government as a unifying force to create a single politico-economic community and federating states on an ethnic basis to ensure self-rule and accommodate diversities. Accordingly, the Constitution provides the Central government with the power to determine land utilization and protection while empowering the states to administer the same. However, the reality is that this constitutional foundation is ignored at every level of government. A general misunderstanding of the nature of land ownership and the division of power between the various levels of government contribute to bypassing the Constitution requirements. This has, in effect, contributed to the eviction of individuals and communities from another sister state by claiming that “land belongs to the state and people of the regional state,” thus resulting in the tension and conflict between federal and state governments.
Shame and the question of self-respect
Authors: Shield Madeleine
Published: October 2022

Despite signifying a negative self-appraisal, shame has traditionally been thought by philosophers to entail the presence of self-respect in the individual. On this account, shame is occasioned by one’s failure to live up to certain self-standards—in displaying less worth than one thought one had—and this moves one to hide or otherwise inhibit oneself in an effort to protect one’s self-worth. In this paper, I argue against the notion that only self-respecting individuals can experience shame. Contrary to the idea that shame presupposes the presence of self-worth, I contend that shame merely requires that one have the desire, rather than the expectation, that one is worthy. Furthermore, I suggest that the desire for concealment fueled by shame is not an inherently self-protective mechanism but can alternatively be understood as an effort to safeguard one’s connection with others.