bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parishin B blocking TRIB3-AKT1 interaction inhibits breast cancer lung metastasis
Authors: Cheng Xiongtao , Sun Jianguo , Chen Shouhong , Wang Nan , Tang Weijing , Xia Zijian , Shu Yuhong , Gao Shouhong , Wang Zhipeng , Wang Xinxia , Shao Rongzi , Cao Jianxiong
Published: January 2025

Background

TRIB3 has been reported to mediate breast cancer (BC) proliferation and metastasis by interacting with AKT1, and blocking the interaction between TRIB3 and AKT1 can inhibit the progression of BC. Besides, inhibiting TRIB3 to turn “cold tumor” hot has also been proved to be an effective therapeutic strategy for BC. Thus, this study aim to find drugs that can bind to TRIB3 to inhibit BC progression, and further elucidate its mechanism.

Methods

The possible inhibitors of TRIB3 were screened by high-throughput molecular docking, CETSA, and CO-IP assay. Then, the effect of TRIB3 inhibitor anti BC was assessed by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, plate colony formation assay, and transwell assay; and the RNA-seq was empolyed to study the potential mechanism of Parishin B (PB) anti-BC. Finally, the effect of TRIB3 inhibitor on BC lung metastasis in vivo was evaluated.

Results

PB was screened as a possible inhibitor of TRIB3, and CETSA and CO-IP assay indicated that PB could target TRIB3 and block TRIB3-AKT1 interaction. In addition, PB exhibited good anti-BC activity without drug toxicity in normal breast cells by experiments in vitro, and RNA-seq analysis suggested PB could inhibit the proliferation and invasion of BC cells related with cell cycle. It was also proved that PB could inhibit BC lung metastasis in vivo.

Conclusion

The study demonstrated PB can bind to TRIB3 to inhibit BC proliferation and lung metastasis by blocking TRIB3-AKT1 interaction and regulating cell cycle, providing a therapeutic agent for the treatment of BC.
Dexmedetomidine improves clinical outcomes in sepsis-induced myocardial injury: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Yuan , Ouyang Jianjie , Zhang Cuicui , Niu Pingping , Shang Baoling , Yao Gengzhen , Shi Yongyong , Zou Xu
Published: January 2025

Background

The efficacy of dexmedetomidine (DEX) in treating sepsis-induced myocardial injury (SIMI) remains unclear. In this study, we explored the relationship between DEX use and clinical outcomes of patients with SIMI, focusing on the dosage and treatment duration.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort analysis, we identified patients with SIMI from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database and categorized them into the DEX and non-DEX groups based on intensive care unit treatment. The baseline bias was reduced through propensity score matching (PSM). The primary outcome was 28-day mortality, whereas the secondary outcomes were in-hospital mortality and mortality rates at 7 days, 90 days, and 1 year. The association between DEX use and in-hospital mortality was assessed using Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

After PSM, 373 patients in the DEX group were matched with 579 patients in the non-DEX group to achieve a balanced distribution of the covariates. The Cox regression model demonstrated a significant reduction in the 28-day mortality associated with DEX use, yielding a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.61 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.47–0.78, P < 0.001). In-hospital mortality also significantly decreased (HR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.33–0.57, P < 0.001). Lower mortality rates were observed at 7 days, 90 days, and 1 year. DEX doses >0.4 μg/kg/h, particularly in the range of 0.400–0.612 μg/kg/h, total doses >3.113 mg during hospitalization, and treatment durations exceeding 72 h were associated with improved mortality risk at all intervals. Regarding DEX efficacy at 28 days, our subgroup analyses indicated a significant interaction between the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score and invasive mechanical ventilation.

Conclusion

DEX administration was associated with improved in-hospital mortality and reduced mortality rates at 7 days, 28 days, 90 days, and 1 year in patients with SIMI. These findings require validation in future studies.
Interleukin-10 exhibit dose-dependent effects on macrophage phenotypes and cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction
Authors: Zhang Jing J. , Rizk Rodrigue , Li Xiaoping , Lee Brandon G. , Matthies Mason L. , Bietz Kennedy A. , Kim Kang , Huard Johnny , Wang Yadong , Chen William C. W.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a potent immunomodulatory cytokine widely explored as a therapeutic agent for diseases, including myocardial infarction (MI). High-dose IL-10 treatment may not achieve expected outcomes, raising the question of whether IL-10 has dose-dependency, or even uncharted side-effects from overdosing. We hypothesized that IL-10 has dose-dependent effects on macrophage (Mφ) phenotypic transition and cardiac remodeling after MI.

Methods

Using RAW264.7 monocyte models, we examined whether administering differential doses of exogenous IL-10 (0–1,000 ng/mL) perturbs classic M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory) phenotypes of polarized Mφ or even alters the phenotypic transition of prospective M1 and M2 polarization. We then investigated the impact of single intramyocardial IL-10 administration on cardiac function, structure, and inflammation post-MI, using a mouse MI model.

Results

Compared with 0-ng/mL control, 250-ng/mL IL-10 had the strongest overall effects in decreasing M1 and increasing M2 phenotypes on polarized Mφ while ≥500-ng/mL IL-10 dampened M1 polarization and augmented native IL-10 secretion more effectively than low doses in vitro. Echocardiography revealed that the 250-ng group had consistently higher contractile function and lower left ventricular (LV) dilatation than the saline control over 6 weeks while ≥1,000-ng groups exhibited transient lower LV ejection fraction at 5 days post-MI in vivo. Moreover, different doses of IL-10 differentially modulated myocardial gene expression, phagocytic cell infiltration at the infarct, LV fibrosis, and revascularization post-MI, with some, but not all, doses exerting beneficial effects.

Discussion

Our study suggested that IL-10 has an effective dose range on Mφ phenotypes, and intramyocardial IL-10 treatment may trigger cardioprotective or unwanted effects post-MI in a dose-dependent manner.
Chronic fetal hypoxia and antenatal Vitamin C exposure differentially regulate molecular signalling in the lung of female lambs in early adulthood
Authors: McGillick Erin V. , Orgeig Sandra , Allison Beth J. , Brain Kirsty L. , Bertossa Melanie R. , Holman Stacey L. , Meakin Ashley S. , Wiese Michael D. , Niu Youguo , Itani Nozomi , Skeffington Katie L. , Beck Christian , Botting-Lawford Kimberly J. , Morrison Janna L. , Giussani Dino A.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Chronic fetal hypoxia is commonly associated with fetal growth restriction and can predispose to respiratory disease at birth and in later life. Antenatal antioxidant treatment has been investigated to overcome the effects of oxidative stress in utero to improve respiratory outcomes. We aimed to determine if the effects of chronic fetal hypoxia and antenatal antioxidant administration persist in the lung in early adulthood.

Methods

Chronically catheterised pregnant sheep were exposed to normoxia (N; n = 20) or hypoxia (H; n = 18; 10% O2) ± maternal daily i. v. saline (N = 11; H = 8) or Vitamin C (VC; NVC = 9; HVC = 10) from 105 to 138 days (term, ∼145 days). Lungs were collected from female lambs 9 months after birth (early adulthood). Lung tissue expression of genes and proteins regulating oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, hypoxia signalling, glucocorticoid signalling, surfactant maturation, inflammation and airway remodelling were measured.

Results

Chronic fetal hypoxia upregulated lung expression of markers of prooxidant, surfactant lipid transport and airway remodelling pathways in early adulthood. Antenatal Vitamin C normalized prooxidant and airway remodelling markers, increased endogenous antioxidant, vasodilator and inflammatory markers, and altered regulation of hypoxia signalling and glucocorticoid availability.

Conclusion

There are differential effects of antenatal Vitamin C on molecular markers in the lungs of female lambs from normoxic and hypoxic pregnancy in early adulthood.
A comparative evaluation of antibiotic and synbiotic supplementation on production performance and necrotic enteritis severity in broilers during an experimental necrotic enteritis challenge
Authors: Shah Bikas Raj , Al Hakeem Walid Ghazi , Shanmugasundaram Revathi , Selvaraj Ramesh K.
Published: January 2025

The ban on antibiotics in the poultry diet resulted in re-emergence of several infectious diseases including necrotic enteritis (NE). These infectious diseases are leading to poor health and welfare as well as production and economic loss. Synbiotic could be a potential candidate to replace the antibiotics in poultry diet. Therefore, a 35-day study was conducted to compare the efficacy of synbiotic (PoultryStar®ME) and antibiotic (Stafac®50, Virginiamycin) supplementation during an experimentally induced necrotic enteritis infection. A total of 360 day-old chicks were randomly assigned to four treatment groups: Antibiotic, Challenge + Antibiotic, Synbiotic, and Challenge + Synbiotic, each with 6 replicates. The treatment groups referred as “Challenge + Antibiotic” and “Challenge + Synbiotic” were challenged, while their respective non-challenged treatment groups were “antibiotic” and “synbiotic”. NE in birds was induced by gavaging 1 × 104 oocysts of Eimeria maxima on day 14 (D14) and 1 × 108 CFU/mL of Clostridium perfringens on D19, 20, and 21. Both synbiotic and antibiotic supplementation during the NE challenge did not improve BW gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio at the end of the experiment (D0-35). However, antibiotic supplementation reduced mortality during the week of the challenge (D14-21) (P < 0.001). At D21, both synbiotic and antibiotic supplementation during the NE challenge did not decrease the intestinal lesion score (P < 0.001) compared to their respective non-challenged treatment groups. At D21, synbiotic supplementation during the NE challenge did not decrease intestinal permeability (P = 0.04) compared to the synbiotic group. At D21, antibiotic supplementation during the NE challenge increased the CD4+:CD8+ T cells (P < 0.001) in the cecal tonsil. It can be concluded that synbiotic supplementation elicited an immune response, decreasing the inflammatory response in the intestine and ameliorating the NE infection. Therefore, synbiotic could be a potential alternative to replace antibiotics in the poultry industry, but their efficacy needs to be improved through blending additional probiotics and prebiotics, and further exploration is required.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization defines root ecological strategies in an extreme arid environment
Authors: Delpiano Cristian A. , Rios Rodrigo S. , Barraza-Zepeda Claudia E. , Pozo Melissa J. , Aguilera Lorgio E. , Loayza Andrea P.
Published: January 2025

The symbiosis between mycorrhizae fungi and plant roots is essential for plant establishment in nearly all terrestrial ecosystems. However, the role of mycorrhizal colonization (colM) in shaping root ecological strategies remains poorly understood. Emerging research identifies colM as a key trait influencing the multidimensional covariation of root traits within the Root Economic Space (RES), where a ‘collaboration gradient’ is proposed. At one end of this gradient, species with larger root diameters (RD) rely on colM for resource acquisition through an ‘outsourcing’ strategy, while at the other end, species with finer roots and greater exploration capacity employ a ‘do it yourself’ strategy to acquire resources independently. Although the RES framework has improved our understanding of root strategies, the relationship between colM and root traits in desert ecosystems remains underexplored, particularly in hyper-arid environments, where limited resources can constrain both plant and mycorrhizal survival. In this study, we examine the root ecological strategies of 32 dominant shrub species in Chile’s Coastal Atacama Desert, focusing on the link between specific root traits and colM. We found that larger RD correlated with higher levels of colM, supporting the ‘outsourcing’ strategy within the ‘collaboration gradient’ hypothesis of the RES. Additionally, RD and colM emerged as playing key roles in defining both dimensions of root ecological strategies. Moreover, we identified colM as a central hub trait in the root phenotypic network, underscoring its role in survival strategies under hyper-arid conditions. These findings emphasize the critical importance of colM in modulating plant ecological strategies and highlight the need to further investigate how AM enhances root lifespan and optimizes resource uptake in extreme environments.
Transcriptome analysis reveals regulatory mechanism of methyl jasmonate-induced monoterpenoid biosynthesis in Mentha arvensis L.
Authors: Huang Tingting , Men Wenjin , Myanganbayar Ariuntungalag , Davaasambuu Undarmaa
Published: January 2025

Mentha arvensis L. (M. arvensis) is an aromatic plant of the Mentha genus, renowned for its medicinal and economic importance. The primary components of its essential oils (EOs) are monoterpenoids, synthesized and stored in peltate glandular trichomes (PGTs). In general, the EO content in M. arvensis is relatively low. Methyl jasmonate (MJ) has been reported as an effective elicitor of terpenoid biosynthesis in medicinal plants, but the specific mechanisms underlying MJ’s influence on M. arvensis remain unclear. In this study, exogenous application of MJ significantly increased the EO content, yield, and PGT density in a dose-dependent manner. At a 5 mM dose, the EO content and PGT density peaked, with increases of 71.20% and 53.69%, respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis indicated that, in general, MJ treatment did not significantly alter the types or relative proportions of EO components of M. arvensis. However, L-menthol content decreased slightly by 7.90% under 5 mM MJ treatment. Transcriptome analysis identified 4,659 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in MJ-treated leaves. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that “Monoterpenoid biosynthesis” was among the most significantly enriched metabolic pathways. Key genes involved in jasmonic acid (JA) signaling (JAZs and MYCs) and monoterpenoid biosynthesis (GPPSs, LSs, L3Hs, and IPRs) were significantly up-regulated. Co-expression analysis, promoter binding element analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) indicated that transcription factors (TFs) such as AP2/ERF, WRKY, MYB, and bHLH play crucial roles in regulating MJ-mediated monoterpenoid biosynthesis. Several key candidate TFs potentially involved in regulating monoterpenoid biosynthesis in M. arvensis were identified. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating monoterpenoid accumulation in the Mentha genus.
Are explorers greener? Investigating the role of personality traits, connectedness to nature and attitudes toward exploring in various pro-environmental behaviors
Authors: Muffato Veronica , Miola Laura , Pazzaglia Francesca , Meneghetti Chiara
Published: January 2025

Previous research has suggested that individual characteristics, such as personality traits, are crucial for pro-environmental behaviors. However, the joint role of more specific environment-related individual dispositions on various pro-environmental behaviors has not yet been investigated and is the aim of this study. A total of 649 adults (18–59 years old) assessed their pro-environmental behaviors, personality traits, the connectedness to nature, attitudes toward exploration, and spatial anxiety. Personality traits (openness and conscientiousness) were related to some of the pro-environment behaviors (transportations and purchasing). Connectedness to nature was the factor most associated with the pro-environment behaviors (conservation, citizenship, purchasing). Moreover, newly we showed that attitudes toward exploration were associated with citizenship and purchasing behaviors. Overall, the results newly highlighted the importance of environment-related characteristics alongside general personality traits. Fostering environmental-related personality factors, such as connection to nature and attitudes towards exploration, may drive positive environmental action, suggesting novel approaches to build a more sustainable society.
Internet use and attitude toward aging among Chinese older adults: the mediating role of health
Authors: Wang Xuehui
Published: January 2025

Objectives

This research seeks to explore the relationship between Internet use and attitudes toward aging among older adults in China, with a particular emphasis on the mediating role of health in this correlation.

Methods

A national survey of 10,858 Chinese adults aged 60 and above was conducted, employing multiple linear regression and structural equation modeling to analyze the impact of Internet use on aging attitudes with health as a mediator.

Results

The research found a significant positive association between Internet use and positive aging attitudes (β = −1.420, p < 0.001). Health indicators—self-rated, physical, and mental health—were identified as key moderators, with healthier adults benefiting more from Internet use.

Conclusion

This research reveals a positive association between Internet use and attitudes toward aging among older adults in China. These findings hold substantial implications for encouraging active and healthy aging in the digital era, underscoring the value of advocating for digital engagement among seniors as a means to improve their quality of life.
Factors influencing type 2 diabetes self-management practices in rural Bangladesh: a qualitative investigation
Authors: Chowdhury Hasina Akhter , Billah Baki , Dipa Shamia Akther , Kabir Ashraful , Rahman A. K. M. Fazlur , Ali Liaquat , Joham Anju E. , Harrison Cheryce L.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent, chronic health condition of global significance, with low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) disproportionately affected. Diabetes self-management practices (DSMP) are the gold-standard treatment approach, yet uptake remains challenge in LMICs.

Purpose of the study

This study aimed to explore the barriers to and facilitators of DSMP and preferences for intervention design and delivery in Bangladesh, an LMIC, with prevalent T2DM.

Methods

Sixteen qualitative focus group discussions (FGDs) with adults with T2DM and their caregivers were conducted in rural Bangladesh to explore preferences, barriers, and facilitators for community DSMP-related intervention programs. Data were thematically analyzed using a deductive theoretical domains framework (TDF) underpinned by the socio-ecological model.

Results

Overall, 117 participants (n = 58 with T2DM and n = 59 caregivers) were included in the analysis. Five overarching themes were identified, including (i) implementation of DSMP, (ii) community spirit and interconnectedness, (iii) environmental influences, (iv) healthcare professionals’ role in DSMP, and (v) government support. Key barriers to DSMP identified for T2DM patients include knowledge implementation gaps, cultural practices, limited resources, and financial constraints. Facilitators include motivation, support from family and peers, and religious practices. Rural Bangladeshis prefer programs delivered at community clinics, viewing them as reliable, culturally appropriate central ‘hubs’ to assemble.

Conclusion

Barriers to and facilitators of DSMP were identified, and preferences for intervention design and delivery for implementing DSMP were explored. The findings provide a foundation for the critical need to implement programs that improve DSMP in Bangladesh, with the potential to translate to other LMIC settings.
Construction and validation of a prediction model for fall risk in hospitalized older adults with osteoporosis
Authors: Sun Li , Gu Hai-Yan , Xu Guan-Hua , Jiang Jia-Wei , Wang Ting-Ting , Li Dan-Dan , Cui Bai-Hong
Published: January 2025

Objective

The aim of this study is to develop and validate a prediction model for fall risk factors in hospitalized older adults with osteoporosis.

Methods

A total of 615 older adults with osteoporosis hospitalized at a tertiary (grade 3A) hospital in Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China, between September 2022 and August 2023 were selected for the study using convenience sampling. Fall risk factors were identified using univariate and logistic regression analyses, and a predictive risk model was constructed and visualized through a nomogram. Model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC), Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, and clinical decision curve analysis, assessing the discrimination ability, calibration, and clinical utility of the model.

Results

Based on logistic regression analysis, we identified several significant fall risk factors for older adults with osteoporosis: gender of the study participant, bone mineral density, serum calcium levels, history of falls, fear of falling, use of walking aids, and impaired balance. The AUC was 0.798 (95% CI: 0.763–0.830), with a sensitivity of 80.6%, a specificity of 67.9%, a maximum Youden index of 0.485, and a critical threshold of 121.97 points. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test yielded a χ2 value of 8.147 and p = 0.419, indicating good model calibration. Internal validation showed a C-index of 0.799 (95% CI: 0.768–0.801), indicating the model’s high discrimination ability. Calibration curves showed good agreement between predicted and observed values, confirming good calibration. The clinical decision curve analysis further supported the model’s clinical utility.

Conclusion

The prediction model constructed and verified in this study was to predict fall risk for hospitalized older adults with osteoporosis, providing a valuable tool for clinicians to implement targeted interventions for patients with high fall risks.
Underutilization of coper/non-coper screening in anterior cruciate ligament injuries management in Italy: an online survey
Authors: Macrelli Luca , Mallia Luca , Thiebat Gabriele , Rocchi Jacopo Emanuele , Herrington Lee , Nutarelli Sebastiano
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Total and sub-total lesions of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are one of the most frequent and performance-limiting injuries to the knee joint within the active population. Early surgical management, often regarded as the primary management strategy, has recently been shown to have similar outcomes when compared with an initial rehabilitative approach followed by surgical ACL reconstruction if higher levels of functionality are needed. The primary objective of the study was to investigate the physiotherapists and orthopedic surgeons’ “coper/non-coper” screening application in the clinical management of the patient after ACL injury. Second, the authors aimed to investigate the cooperation between physiotherapists and orthopedic surgeons when dealing with patients with ACL injuries.

Methods

An online survey consisting of 12 questions on the clinical practice of the surveyed physiotherapists (n = 803) and orthopedic surgeons (n = 201), and the relation between these healthcare professionals, was distributed. The answers were stratified depending on clinical experience in dealing with ACL injuries.

Results

Both physiotherapists and orthopedic surgeons showed a low degree of confidence and application of the “coper/non-coper” screening when managing ACL lesions. The sub-population of ACL experts reported a good level of interprofessional interaction. Nevertheless, an updated level of knowledge regarding the recent evidence on the non-surgical management of ACL lesions is still lacking.

Conclusions

The study findings indicate the need to improve the collaboration between Italian physiotherapists and orthopedic surgeons as well as their knowledge of the non-surgical approaches to ACL lesions.
Factors influencing market value of agricultural land and fair compensation
Authors: Chaudhary Dhananjay , Tiwari Rajesh , Taneja Sanjay , Johri Amar , Uddin Moin , Shamsuddin Zelhuda
Published: January 2025

The current research focuses on reviewing the relevant factors responsible for developing a farming community in India. A significant segment of the Indian population depends upon agriculture. For the development of the economy, there must be proper formulation and execution of relevant policies. A review of related studies was conducted to find the dominant variables responsible for developing farming communities and providing sustainable livelihood to farmers. The review brings out some significant variables, and the importance of those variables is justified by the network analysis of how the keywords are used in research. The collective approach of reviewing related studies and keyword analysis helped frame a framework for achieving sustainable livelihood amongst agriculturalists. The current study constructs valuable discernment associated with the facets that need to be concentrated on in ripening the farming sector of the Indian economy. Moreover, the current examination requires an empirical investigation of the variables accentuated in the present contemplation based on a review steered.
The measurement of multiple influence paths of residents' positive perception in ethnic minority village tourism destinations: a case study of Ping'an Zhuang Village in Longsheng County
Authors: Wei Yin , Lin Ling
Published: January 2025

Ethnic tourism is a delightful activity for tourists to visit ethnic minority gathering areas to fulfill their aesthetic demands by observing and experiencing the cultures of ethnic minorities. Based on the grounded theory, quantitative analysis and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis, this paper delves into the measurement of the positive perception of residents in ethnic minority villages and the multiple paths of its influencing factors, aiming to offer policy notions for promoting the dynamic protection of ethnic minority culture and rural revitalization. The findings revealed that: (1) The positive perception of residents in tourist destinations can be classified into three dimensions: “positive perception in economy,” “positive perception in social and cultural aspects,” and “positive perception in environment,” and the localized scale encompasses nine items; (2) The influencing factors consist of three elements: place belonging, perceived power, and residents' participation. The enhancement of residents' positive perception demands a combination of these factors rather than relying solely on any single one; (3) Regarding the perception of residents in any dimension, the direct impact of perceived power on the positive perception of residents in ethnic villages is weak. Place belonging and residents' participation are the core conditions for the formation of the positive perception of residents in ethnic villages. Strengthening the emotional connection and participation mechanism of residents is an effective means to boost their positive perception.
Intermediate risk prostate tumors contain lethal subtypes
Authors: Harryman William L. , Hinton James P. , Sainz Rafael , Gard Jaime M. C. , Ryniawec John M. , Rogers Gregory C. , Warfel Noel A. , Knudsen Beatrice S. , Nagle Raymond B. , Chipollini Juan J. , Lee Benjamin R. , Sun Belinda L. , Cress Anne E.
Published: January 2025

In 2024, prostate cancer (PCa) remains the most common non-skin cancer in males within the United States, with an estimated 299,010 new cases, the highest increase incident trend rate (3.8%) of all cancers, and one of the eight deadliest. PCa cases are projected to double from 1.8 million to 2.9 million per year between 2020 and 2040. According to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) treatment guidelines, most cases (65%) are intermediate risk (Gleason sum score <7 [3 + 4, 4 + 3], prostate organ-confined, and PSA < 20) with treatment options limited to active surveillance, external beam radiation, and/or surgery to prevent metastasis in the long term (>10 years). It is increasingly recognized that the two most common subtypes of intermediate risk PCa are cribriform architecture (CA) and intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P), which can occur together, and both are associated with increased metastatic risk, biochemical recurrence, and disease-specific mortality. Both subtypes display hypoxia, genomic instability, and are identified as Gleason 4 in pathology reports. However, since false negatives are common (up to 50%) in these subtypes on biopsy, more research is needed to reliably detect these subtypes that have an increased risk for invasive disease. We note that even with mpMRI-guided biopsies, the sensitivity is 54% for cribriform architecture and only 37% for IDC-P. The presence of these PCa subtypes in biopsy or radical prostatectomy (RP) tissue can exclude patients from active surveillance and from designation as intermediate risk disease, further underscoring the need for increased molecular understanding of these subtypes for diagnostic purposes. Understanding the heterogeneity of intermediate risk primary PCa phenotypes, using computational pathology approaches to evaluate the fixed biopsy specimen, or video microscopy of the surgical specimen with AI-driven analysis is now achievable. New research associating the resulting phenotypes with the different therapeutic choices and vulnerabilities will likely prevent extracapsular extension, the definition of high-risk disease, and upstaging of the final pathologic stage.
Structure characterization and mechanism of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides modified by plastein reaction derived from tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus)
Authors: Shi Junhua , Yang Zhuo , Xu Ming , Zhao Guogang , Gao Yawen , Zheng Hongyan , Feng Ji
Published: January 2025

The development of peptides derived from plants, which have potential anti-angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity and other bioactivities, are of scientific interest. ACE inhibitory peptide (CLPP, the ACE inhibitory rate is 76.52 ± 1.07%) was obtained by hydrolysis of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) protein with alkaline protease. The plastein product (PCLPP, the ACE inhibitory rate is 85 ± 2.33%) was prepared by modifying CLPP with a plastein reaction. The results of SEM, IR, and XRD show that the structure of PCLPP is different from that of CLPP. The results of differential scanning calorimetry, fluorescence, and free amino analysis showed that the reaction was carried out by aggregation and condensation. These results suggest that the plastein reaction may be an effective method to increase the variety of bioactive peptides.
Effects of exogenous insulin supplementation on lipid metabolism in peripartum obese dairy cows
Authors: Guo Yuanyin , Zhao Yihan , Wei Ziang , Cao Jie
Published: January 2025

Cows with high body condition scores experience more severe negative energy balance (NEB) and undergo mobilization of more body fat during the peripartum period, leading to more production of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA). Postpartum insulin secretion is lower, and insulin resistance is stronger in obese cows. Exogenous insulin supplementation has been hypothesized as a key approach for regulating NEFA in these cows. In this study, we assessed the effects of exogenous insulin supplementation on lipid metabolism, key genes regulated by insulin, and the underlying regulatory mechanism. We selected 181 periparturient multiparous obese dairy cows for the study. Cows in the insulin group (n = 96) received subcutaneous injections of 200 IU insulin (5 mL) on postpartum days 1 and 7, while cows in the control group (n = 85) received subcutaneous injections of 5 mL physiological saline on the same days. The incidence of ketosis was recorded and compared between the two groups. The results demonstrated that postpartum insulin injections significantly reduced the incidence of type II ketosis and delayed the onset time. Meanwhile, a cohort experiment was conducted on 20 cows selected from 181 field trial cows, with 10 cows in the insulin group and 10 cows in the control group. Blood samples were collected for biochemical indicators and subcutaneous adipose tissue was collected for paraffin-embedding and sectioning and RNA sequencing analysis. The results showed that insulin supplementation postpartum reduced concentrations of NEFA and BHBA as well as BCS loss, but did not affect glucose. Additionally, the expression of SREBF1 in insulin signaling pathway and the downstream-regulated lipogenesis network genes were successfully upregulated in insulin-treated healthy group. High expression of SREBF1 may be a key for postpartum insulin supplementation to improve insulin resistance, significantly reduce NEFA concentrations, and prevent or treat ketosis and fatty liver in obese cows. Postpartum administration of insulin could effectively decrease alterations of adipocytes size, which also fully validates that postpartum insulin supplementation promotes lipogenesis and reduces NEFA release.
High-field MRI findings in epileptic dogs with a normal inter-ictal neurological examination
Authors: Phillipps Stephanie , Goncalves Rita
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological conditions affecting dogs. Previous research exploring the likelihood of a structural cause of epilepsy specifically in dogs with a normal inter-ictal examination is limited to a small population of dogs using low-field MRI. The aims of this study were to establish high-field (1.0T and 1.5T) MRI findings in dogs presenting with epileptic seizures and a normal inter-ictal examination.

Methods

Medical records were retrospectively searched for dogs presenting with at least two epileptic seizure events more than 24 h apart. To be included in the study, patients had to have a normal neurological examination, high-field MRI of the brain and have had metabolic and toxic causes excluded.

Results

Four hundred and twelve dogs were eligible for inclusion. Crossbreeds were most commonly affected (n = 63, 15.3%) followed by Border collies (n = 39, 9.5%) and Labrador retrievers (n = 26, 6.3%). Seventy-six dogs (18.5%) had abnormalities detected on MRI, 60 (78.9%) of which were considered to be incidental. Overall, 16 dogs (3.9%) had a structural cause of their epileptic seizures including neoplasia (n = 13, 81.3%), anomalous (n = 2, 12.5%) and meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO) (n = 1, 6.3%). When split into age group at first epileptic seizure structural lesions were documented in 0/66 dogs aged <1 year, 4/256 (1.6%) dogs aged ≥1 year ≤6 years (three neoplastic and one anomalous), 3/51 (5.9%) aged >6 years ≤8 years (two neoplastic and one MUO), and 9/39 (23.1%) dogs aged >8 years (eight neoplastic, one anomalous). Multivariate analysis identified two risk factors for structural disease: increasing age at first epileptic seizure (p < 0.001, OR = 4.390, CI 2.338–8.072) and a history of status epilepticus (p = 0.049, OR = 4.389, CI 1.010–19.078).

Discussion

Structural lesions are an uncommon cause of epilepsy at any age in dogs with a normal inter-ictal examination.
Feline sacroiliac luxation: comparison of fluoroscopy-controlled freehand vs. computer-navigated drilling in the sacrum—a cadaveric study
Authors: Kleiner Lukas , Wolf Nicole , Precht Christina , Haenssgen Kati , Forterre Franck , Düver Pia
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Sacroiliac luxation is a common traumatic feline injury, with the small size of the sacral body being a challenge for surgical stabilization. This study compared an innovative computer-guided drilling method with the conventional fluoroscopy-controlled freehand technique. Neuronavigation, using CT-based planning and real-time tracking, was evaluated against the freehand method for accuracy and time efficiency.

Materials and methods

Bilateral sacroiliac luxation was induced in 20 feline cadavers. One side of the sacral body was drilled using fluoroscopy, and the other with neuronavigation (Stealth Station S8). A reference frame was affixed to the sacral spinous process for tracking. Ten cats were operated on by an ECVS diplomate and 10 by a resident. Postoperative cone beam CT images were used to assess both techniques, comparing the accuracy of the planned corridor vs. the actual drill hole in the sacrum. A learning curve for both methods was estimated by measuring procedure time.

Results

CT scan assessments showed all 40 drill holes achieved “surgically satisfactory” results. The computer-navigated technique demonstrated an average deviation of 1.9 mm (SD 1.0 mm) at the entry point and 1.6 mm (SD 0.8 mm) at the exit point. The pins of 3/20 reference frames penetrated the vertebral canal, creating a risk for potential clinical complications. The neuronavigation-guided procedures took an average of 23 min and 37 s (SD 8 min 34 s), significantly longer than the freehand technique, which averaged 9 min and 47 s (SD 3 min 26 s). A steep learning curve was observed with neuronavigation.

Discussion

The neuronavigation-guided technique achieved accuracy is comparable to the fluoroscopy-controlled method, is offering real-time feedback and has potential for highly precise surgeries near critical anatomical structures. However, significant attention must be given to the placement of the reference frame, as it is placed blindly and presents a potential risk for errors and complications. Despite its longer duration, the neuronavigation method shows promise for improving precision in complex surgical scenarios.
Molecular detection of Trypanosoma minasense in captive black-faced black spider monkeys Ateles chamek (mammalia; primate)
Authors: Kmetiuk Louise Bach , Passerino Ana Silvia Miranda , Bonat Marcelo , Morikawa Vívien Midori , Berbigier Alice Pereira , Roque André Luiz Rodrigues , Figueiredo Fabiano Borges , Biondo Alexander Welker
Published: January 2025

The present study aimed to assess Trypanosoma spp. infection in 17 captive black-faced black spider monkeys (Ateles chamek), living at the Zoological Garden of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. Blood samples (3 mL) were collected by femoral puncture by certified veterinarians. A total of 5 μL of extracted blood DNA was submitted to Nested-PCR 18S rDNA. In overall, 4/17 (23.5%) spider monkeys were positive to Trypanosoma spp. by PCR. Sequencing results for 18S rDNA revealed Trypanosoma minasense infection. This is the first report of T. minasense in black-faced black spider monkey worldwide and the first assessment of Trypanosoma species in NHP of southern Brazil.
Potential Infectious Complications in Pig Xenograft Donors and Recipients
Authors: Mueller Nicolas J. , Scobie Linda
Published: January 2025

Preclinical and clinical xenotransplantation trials have shown that successful outcomes depend on a number of factors including the prevention of xenozoonoses. Preclinical trials involving pig kidneys and hearts transplanted into various non-human primates have revealed the potential impact of pig pathogens being present in the transplanted organ/tissue, mainly viruses. The concept of “designated pathogen-free donor animals” was developed to ensure elimination of pathogens during the breeding of donor animals to mitigate this occurrence. This is a challenging process as confirmation of presence and absence of some pathogen, in particular for latent viruses, requires a validated armamentarium of direct and indirect tests. The importance of using the correct diagnostic regimen was highlighted during the first pig-to-man cardiac transplantation with both porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV), also known as porcine roseolovirus (PRV), and porcine circovirus (PCV) detected in the transplanted organ and in the patient. To further improve xenotransplantation and to achieve trials in Europe it is important that we use these data to inform process for diagnostics both in donor and recipients before and after xenotransplantation to ensure safety. As part of this sensitive and specific pathogen detection systems should be validated and readily available.
Enhanced Optical and Thermal Stability of Blue Pyrrole Derivatives for Color Filter in Image Sensors
Authors: Park Sunwoo , Park Sangwook , Oh Saeyoung , Kwon Hyukmin , Lee Hayoon , Lee Kiho , Yoon Chun , Park Jongwook
Published: January 2025

We designed and synthesized two novel blue pyrrole derivatives, 2-(3-cyano-4-(4-(dibutylamino)phenyl)-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-ylidene)malononitrile (BAPCP) and 2-(3-cyano-4-(4-(dihexylamino)phenyl)-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-ylidene)malononitrile (HAPCP), as potential candidates for use in image sensor color filters. The properties of these new compounds were evaluated, focusing on their optical and thermal characteristics in solution and color filter film forms. The molar extinction coefficient values of BAPCP and HAPCP in solution were 6.03 × 104 and 6.91 × 104 L/mol·cm. The molar extinction coefficient of HAPCP was 4.5 times higher than that of the commercially used Disperse Blue 359. The synthesized compounds exhibited transmittance values that meet commercial requirements, with 88.6% at 450 nm and 0.73% at 530 nm. Both newly synthesized compounds met the decomposition temperature requirement of over 230 °C, which is necessary for the manufacturing process of image sensor color filters. The decomposition temperatures of both compounds were approximately 19 °C higher than that of Disperse Blue 359. When the thermal stability of color filter films for image sensors was evaluated, BAPCP demonstrated excellent optical properties before and after thermal stability testing, maintaining its characteristics in an optimized molecular form. Accordingly, BAPCP appears to have favorable potential as a blue colorant for image sensors, attributed to its superior optical and thermal stability characteristics.
Optimization of Rendering Parameters of Cesium 3DTiles Model Based on Differential Evolution Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Doujun , Wu Yong , Ni Youcong , Zhang Tinghuang , Gao Chenxiang
Published: January 2025

Cesium is an open-source 3D virtual earth engine based on WebGL and one of the most widely used 3D GIS engines. The 3DTiles rendering parameters in Cesium improve rendering efficiency but involve numerous data types and complex interdependencies, making simultaneous optimization challenging. In this paper, we proposed a multi-strategy probabilistic discrete differential evolution algorithm (MSPDDE) for finding the optimal values of the rendering parameters of Cesium 3DTiles model, which increases the search space and improves the convergence speed by introducing multiple mutation strategies. These strategies effectively reduce the probability of falling into local optimality due to too many parameters and deal with discrete variables in the rendering parameters by applying a probabilistic discretization strategy to the discrete variables so that MSPDDE is able to find all the rendering parameter optima of Cesium 3DTiles. Under three different sizes of 3DTiles model cases, the rendering model time using the optimal parameter configurations found by the algorithm is reduced by 28.84%, 27.89%, and 13.32%, respectively, compared with the default parameter configurations of Cesium, which shortens the time of rendering 3DTiles models by Cesium.
Knowledge Integration and Analysis of Technological Innovation in Prefabricated Construction
Authors: Dou Yudan , Fu Xiaoxue , Li Tianxin
Published: January 2025

Prefabricated construction (PC) plays a critical role in advancing the sustainable and high-quality transformation of the construction industry. Nevertheless, the fragmented and variable nature of technological innovations in PC complicates their acquisition, comprehension, and practical application, thereby hindering the process of innovation transformation. In response to these challenges, this study applies knowledge graph techniques to aggregate, correlate, and store knowledge pertaining to PC technological innovations. Specifically, using patent data from the past five years, and grounded in knowledge management and complex network theories, this study employs text mining, topic modeling, and association rule algorithms to perform clustering, evolutionary, and association analyses. The extracted entities and relationships obtained from the analyses are then stored in a Neo4j graph database for the construction and interactive visualization of a knowledge graph for PC technological innovation. According to the knowledge graph, a question-and-answer system framework is further proposed, providing practical application guidance. This research provides a comprehensive overview of the technological landscape, key nodes, and development trends in PC. It makes a meaningful contribution to knowledge management theory and complex network theory, advancing innovative applications in PC technology.
Coaxial Pipes Used as Ground Buried Heat Exchangers—A Review of Research in Recent Years
Authors: Wang Geng , Rong Nai , Li Xuefei , Hu Ning , Zhang Zhi , Zhang Yuan , Wang Yuhan
Published: January 2025

The efficient utilization of geothermal energy depends heavily on high-performance ground heat exchangers. Coaxial pipe is a high-efficiency heat exchanger composed of two nested tubes of different diameters. In this paper, the structure and thermal exchange characteristics of coaxial pipe geothermal exchangers are introduced, which are superior to single-U and double-U geothermal exchangers in respect of installation, heat transporting, and deep geothermal application. Thermal test research of coaxial pipe geothermal exchangers is investigated. Relevant studies in recent years on the factors affecting the thermal performance of coaxial pipe ground heat exchangers, including exchanger configurations, circulating fluids, subsurface conditions, flow patterns, and operational modes, are reviewed. In addition, research on the impact of coaxial pipe ground heat exchangers on the ground, as well as applications for coaxial pipe ground heat exchangers, is summarized. Recommendations are made for potential future research on coaxial pipe ground heat exchangers. It is believed that the results of these studies will help to raise awareness of coaxial pipe ground heat exchangers and to continue to promote their application.
Neuroendocrine Transformation as a Mechanism of Resistance to Targeted Lung Cancer Therapies: Emerging Mechanisms and Their Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Joshi Asim , Bhaskar Nivitha , Pearson Joel D.
Published: January 2025

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, highlighting a major clinical challenge. Lung cancer is broadly classified into two histologically distinct subtypes, termed small cell lung cancer (SCLC) or non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Identification of various oncogenic drivers of NSCLC has facilitated the development of targeted therapies that have dramatically improved patient outcomes. However, acquired resistance to these targeted therapies is common, which ultimately results in patient relapse. Several on-target and off-target resistance mechanisms have been described for targeted therapies in NSCLC. One common off-target mechanism of resistance to these therapies is histological transformation of the initial NSCLC into SCLC, a highly aggressive form of lung cancer that exhibits neuroendocrine histology. This mechanism of resistance presents a significant clinical challenge, since there are very few treatments available for these relapsed patients. Although the phenomenon of NSCLC-to-SCLC transformation was described almost 20 years ago, only recently have we begun to understand the mechanisms underlying this therapy-driven response. These recent discoveries will be key to identifying novel biomarkers and therapeutic strategies to improve outcomes of patients that undergo NSCLC-to-SCLC transformation. Here, we highlight these recent advances and discuss the potential therapeutic strategies that they have uncovered to target this mechanism of resistance.