bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chimpanzés, jaguars et ventriloquisme ethnographique
Authors: Alcayna-Stevens Lys
Published: October 2020

Fondé sur des recherches ethnographiques dans l’un des rares sanctuaires pour primates installé en Europe, cet article aborde la question des « perspectives animales » sous l’angle du tournant « ontologique » en anthropologie pour interroger les limites des approches actuelles de l’anthropologie « au-delà de l’humain ». L’article commence par une exploration de la façon dont les gardiens du sanctuaire conceptualisent les « points de vue » des chimpanzés dont ils s’occupent. L’heuristique de la « double pensée » me permet d’affirmer que les gardiens opèrent dans des contextes différents : quand ils s’occupent du bien-être des chimpanzés, ils sont attentifs à leurs humeurs et leurs besoins, tandis que lorsqu’ils effectuent des visites guidées, ils maintiennent que les humains ne peuvent pas élever les primates, car ils ne peuvent pas savoir ce que cela signifie d’être chimpanzé. L’article soutient que lorsque les ethnographes parlent des acteurs sociaux non-humains, le principal écueil qui les guette n’est pas l’anthropomorphisme mais un genre de « ventriloquisme anthropologique » : ils finissent presque toujours par décrire leurs sujets par le biais de la voix et des concepts des humains auxquels ces acteurs non-humains sont reliés. L’article conclut en soutenant que les pistes les plus prometteuses de l’anthropologie des animaux seront celles qui prendront en compte un aspect de la condition humaine parfois oublié par les anthropologues : l’ambiguïté.
Les représentations des plus âgés ( nayédio ) chez les Peuls ruraux du Sénégal
Authors: Macia Enguerran , Ka Abdou , Duboz Priscilla
Published: October 2020

Les recherches portant sur les représentations des plus âgés dans les sociétés rurales africaines restent rares. Pour remédier à ce manque de la littérature, nous avons mené une enquête quantitative exploratoire sur un échantillon de 500 individus, représentatif de la population de Téssékéré (zone du Ferlo, Sénégal). Nos résultats montrent que les représentations des plus âgés sont majoritairement positives dans la société peule du Ferlo. Elles reposent sur des rôles sociaux valorisés, notamment ceux de conseillers et de médiateurs – œuvrant à la paix sociale – ainsi que ceux liés à la surveillance et à l’éducation des enfants. Une forte hétérogénéité de ces représentations a cependant aussi été mise en évidence – comme dans toutes les sociétés où cette question a été étudiée. En comparant ces résultats avec la littérature portant sur les sociétés occidentales, ce travail indique que les différences entre les sociétés industrielles et la société du Ferlo ne sont pas tant des différences qualitatives que quantitatives. Partant de cette observation empirique, la notion d’utilité sociale a été mobilisée en lieu et place de celle de modernité, afin de rendre compte de l’influence de la culture sur ces représentations.
Les Recommandations minimales du Contrôleur général des lieux de privation de liberté pour le respect de la dignité et des droits fondamentaux des personnes privées de liberté à la lumière de la théorie européenne des obligations positives
Authors: Roets Damien
Published: October 2020

Parmi les Recommandations minimales du Contrôleur général des lieux de privation de liberté pour le respect de la dignité et des droits fondamentaux des personnes privées de liberté, la nécessité de les protéger contre le risque d'atteintes à leur intégrité physique ou psychique figure en bonne place. Présentée sous la forme d'une obligation positive de protéger, cette nécessité, à la lumière du droit européen des droits de l'homme, impose aussi l'obligation positive de punir les comportements violents à l'origine de telles atteintes. Si le volet substantiel de cette obligation ne fait guère problème dès lors que ces comportements tombent sous le coup de la loi pénale, il n'en va pas de même de son volet procédural tant les obstacles à la répression sont nombreux, en particulier dans le cas des violences survenues en prison. Les Recommandations minimales du Contrôleur général des lieux de privation de liberté devraient faciliter le respect par la France de son obligation de réprimer effectivement les atteintes à l'intégrité physique ou psychique des personnes privées de liberté.
Des conditions d'hébergement et de vie dignes pour les personnes privées de leur liberté
Authors: Larralde Jean-Manuel
Published: October 2020

En adoptant ses Recommandations minimales pour le respect de la dignité et des droits fondamentaux des personnes privées de liberté, le Contrôleur général des lieux de privation de liberté pose un certain nombre de principes visant à l'instauration d'hébergements et d'espaces de vie dignes. Ceci passe tout à la fois par le respect des normes habituelles d'habitation et par une utilisation de ces locaux conforme à leur destination. Sans force contraignante, ces Recommandations restent toutefois soumises à la vigilance des organes de contrôle et des juges, dont la jurisprudence n'est pas aujourd'hui totalement conforme aux exigences de ce texte.
(Més)Usage de la visioconférence pour les demandeurs d'asile et les personnes placées en détention provisoire
Authors: Amado Ariane , Taveau Auriane
Published: October 2020

Les audiences par visioconférence de personnes privées de liberté est un sujet d'actualité qui a fait l'objet de plusieurs décisions de justice ces dernières années. Si l'usage de la visioconférence a été plusieurs fois commenté et critiqué concernant les personnes placées en détention provisoire, la situation des demandeurs d'asiles en rétention, également privés de liberté, a jusqu'à présent peu intéressé la doctrine. La vulnérabilité de ces publics devrait pourtant les rassembler et questionner de manière générale la conformité de l'usage de la visioconférence aux droits fondamentaux.
A Three-Generation Pedigree of Multifocal Heterotopic Ossification With Bilateral Involvement
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhao Xiao-dan
Published: October 2020

Heterotopic ossification (HO) can be classified as nonhereditary HO (NHHO) or hereditary HO (HHO). Hereditary HO includes 2 different forms: fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) and progressive osseous heteroplasia (POH). Each of these disorders is caused by mutations in a single (different) gene. Clinical diagnosis of FOP can be confirmed by sequence analysis of the
ACVR1
gene. Fewer than 10 families with autosomal dominant inheritance of FOP have been reported. The authors report clinical manifestations, pedigree analysis, and mutational analysis of the
ACVR1
in a 3-generation Chinese family with 4 individuals presenting multifocal and bilateral involvement of HO. Clinical features of affected individuals of the family were not consistent with the classic FOP or atypical FOP. Exon sequencing was performed on every family member and 3 sporadic NHHO patients who did not belong to this family. All family members and 3 sporadic NHHO patients carried 2 hereditary homozygous silent mutations— c.270C>T and c.690G>A—the new and unique mutations in
ACVR1
. These results may suggest that the affected individuals in this family present a novel FOP-variant syndrome or a new form of HHO. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first well-documented instance of a 3-generation Chinese family with multifocal and bilateral involvement of HO. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(1):e139–e145.]
The Role of Stem Modularity in the Failure of Internal Fixation in Geriatric Patients With Distally Fixed Hemiarthroplasty
Authors: Çiloglu Osman , Karaali Evren
Published: October 2020

The aim of this study was to compare the radiological and clinical outcomes of the same make of modular and monoblock tapered fluted stems in patients with failure of internal fixation following osteoporotic intertrochanteric fracture. This retrospective, comparative study included patients older than 65 years who underwent hemiarthroplasty with a modular or monoblock distally fixed fluted stem and had failed treatment with proximal femoral nailing between 2012 and 2017, with at least a 2-year follow-up period. Radiographic and clinical evaluations of the groups were compared. The modular group comprised 22 males and 18 females with a mean age of 85.05±7.1 years, and the monoblock group comprised 27 males and 17 females with a mean age of 83.27±7.0 years. No significant difference was observed between the groups regarding the preoperative and final-visit Harris Hip Score and Parker and Palmer Mobility Score values (
P
>.05 for both). More patients showed osseous restoration in the monoblock group, but not to a significant level. The groups were similar regarding mortality rates. Stem length was greater in the modular group, but the proximal femoral part and stem size were similar in the groups (
P
<.05 for all). Canal filling at levels A, B, and C was negatively correlated (weak) with the proximal femoral bone restoration (
P
<.001 for all). Canal filling at level B was negatively correlated (weak) with the stress shielding of the femur (
P
<.05 for all). When comparing the modularity of the stem by minimizing the variations of both prostheses, such as brand and geometric design, there was no significant difference in either clinical or radiological evaluations. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(1):e119–e124.]
Del biomecamicismo al biotecnologismo en la biomedicina ilustrada española
Authors: Rodríguez Merino José M.ª
Published: October 2020

A causa de la Ilustración, España entró en la ola de modernidad y tono revolucionario europeos. Una de las primeras comunidades científicas que primero divulgó la modernidad ilustrada fueron los médicos. Estos, a lo largo del s. XVIII intentaron construir una biología teórica no-reduccionista basados en el hecho de que la biomedicina no avanzaba de modo lineal sino a base de teorías rivales y antagonistas. El progreso epistemológico de la biomedicina ilustrada se puede representar por medio de la analogía baconiana del filósofo araña o razonador, hormiga o acumulador y abeja o productor. El biomecanicismo es el modelo araña que se introdujo durante la primera mitad del s. XVIII, modelo que se llegó a tener como necesario y suficiente para explicar toda la actividad animal. Con el bioempirismo o modelo hormiga los biomédicos trataron desde 1740 a 1770 de realizar y acumular experiencias útiles a la sociedad como la cura de las enfermedades. Su progreso epistemológico se cifra en el acuñamiento de nuevos conceptos biomédicos como irritabilidad, generación, regeneración, organización, autorregulación. Por fin, ya en las últimas décadas del s. XVIII y primeras del.xix, algunos biomédicos ilustrados unieron el modelo tecnológico con el experimental de cuya simbiosis emergió el biotecnologismo o modelo abeja, que representa la productividad como bien social, tal como la vacuna antivariólica.
Gabriel Miró y la individualidad endocrina
Authors: Larsen Kevin S.
Published: October 2020

A lo largo de su carrera literaria, Gabriel Miró (1879-1930) trató de muchas enfermedades y otras cuestiones médicas en su ficción. Una de éstas que más le preocuparía, el tema de la individualidad y unidad humanas frente a la multiplicidad celular del cuerpo particular y la pluralidad de todos los seres vivientes, se estudia a fondo en «Razón y virtudes de muertos» (1914), ahora parte de la novela Libro de Sigüenza (1971). Aquí discute los posibles efectos surtidos por el experimento de un médico de Chicago, quien injertó en unas mujeres locas un extracto de glándulas de los cadáveres de personas cuerdas. Miró habla de las ramificaciones de tal tratamiento en la personalidad del individuo, meditando el brave new world hormonal. Esta crítica mironiana tiene que entenderse en el contexto de otros experimentos semejantes realizados por médicos y autores de ficción, incluyendo a Cajal, Pi Suñer, Zola y Marañón, de cuya obra Miró estaba al tanto.
Prostitución y espacio urbano: sobre la medicalización de la "mala vida" en Buenos Aires (1900-1920)
Authors: Huertas García-Alejo Rafael
Published: October 2020

Partiendo del concepto de «mala vida», se analiza el proceso de medicalización de la prostitución en el Buenos Aires de las primeras décadas del presente siglo. Se valora la influencia de degeneracionismo y de la antropología criminal en el desarrollo de un discurso médico positivista y somaticista, así como los elementos sociológicos incorporados al mismo, en particular en su relación con el fenómeno inmigratorio y con la influencia de un medio urbano hostil.
Les modes de raisonnement informel des élèves de lycée lors de prises de décision en classe sur une question socio-scientifique
Authors: Rached Elie
Published: October 2020

Cet article porte sur le raisonnement mis en œuvre par des élèves de lycée lors du choix d’un système de chauffage pour une habitation dans le cadre d’une séquence d’enseignement intégrant les débats sur le réchauffement climatique. Trente élèves français ont eu à répondre au même questionnaire de recherche avant et après la séquence d’enseignement. Nous examinons les choix effectués par les élèves, le contenu des arguments mobilisés, les domaines de référence évoqués (scientifique, technique, économique, etc.) et les modes de raisonnement adoptés. Les résultats indiquent que la totalité des élèves font un choix au post- test et que la majorité des élèves modifient leur choix initial. Les élèves privilégient les contenus renvoyant au domaine de référence sociétal et mobilisent un mode de raisonnement renvoyant à la fois aux domaines scientifique et sociétal, mode de raisonnement dit « combiné » qui s’accentue au post-test. L’adoption par les élèves d’un mode de raisonnement donné au pré-test ne semble pas être lié à un choix donné d’un système de chauffage, ni au pré-test ni au post-test. Les élèves ayant des modes de raisonnement scientifique ou sociétal au pré-test adoptent davantage d’autres modes de raisonnement au post-test que ceux ayant un mode de raisonnement « combiné ».
Représentations des étudiants sur les scientifiques et les savoirs scientifiques : exploration des caractéristiques associées et de leurs spécificités
Authors: Maurines Laurence , Fuchs-Gallezot Magali , Ramage Marie-Joëlle
Published: October 2020

Dans la perspective d’une acculturation scientifique citoyenne de tous les élèves et d’un regain d’intérêt pour les études et métiers scientifiques, les textes institutionnels du secondaire attendent plus ou moins explicitement des enseignants de sciences qu’ils aident les élèves à saisir la spécificité des sciences ainsi que l’existence de régimes de vérité différents. Nous présentons les résultats d’une partie d’un questionnaire visant à explorer l’image des sciences de 662 primo-entrants à l’université scientifique Paris-Sud. Nous présentons la grille d’analyse multidimensionnelle que nous avons élaborée pour caractériser la NoS (Nature of Science) en choisissant une entrée par les pratiques. Considérant que les savoirs scientifiques sont le résultat du travail conduit par des personnes qui agissent en tant que scientifique au sein d’une communauté inscrite dans une société et une histoire, cette grille mobilise l’ensemble des études sur les sciences, en particulier la psychologie des sciences. Nous examinons les questions suivantes : comment les étudiants caractérisent-ils le savoir scientifique et quelles qualités attribuent-ils à un scientifique ? Comment les étudiants appréhendent-ils la spécificité des savoirs scientifiques par rapport à d’autres (artistiques et philosophiques) ? Comment envisagent-ils pour un individu l’articulation des pratiques scientifique et religieuse ? Dans quelle mesure les représentations exprimées évoquent-elles une vision riche de la NoS ? Nous concluons en mettant en perspective les résultats obtenus avec l’image des sciences véhiculée par les programmes de sciences du secondaire.
Colonialité et occidentalocentrisme : quels enjeux pour la production des savoirs ?
Authors: Tsehaye Rachel Solomon , Vieille-Grosjean Henri
Published: October 2020

Cet article porte sur les rapports de pouvoir dans la production des savoirs scientifiques, qui peuvent rendre compte de l’imbrication de la science et du politique. Il interroge plus particulièrement l’existence et l’influence d’un phénomène ostracisant et questionne la prétention à l’universalité des paradigmes et des modèles utilisés par les institutions savantes occidentales et leurs représentants. À travers une posture réflexive et critique, une démarche méthodologique inductive et des éléments issus d’une revue de littérature, les auteurs concentrent leur attention sur les nouvelles formes de pertinence attribuées à la notion de colonialité. Celle-ci constitue un concept opératoire dans l’analyse des conflits de normes et des écarts sociaux et culturels, et une grille de lecture expliquant les hiérarchies installées dans la diffusion des savoirs et la perdurance de collectifs subalternisés.
De l’édification d’une « culture mondiale d’éducation » appuyée sur la science « occidentale » à la production d’un homme chargé d’établir sa propre vérité
Authors: Croché Sarah
Published: October 2020

Ce texte court se veut une postface au numéro de la revue » Recherches en éducation » consacré aux représentations de la science (ou des sciences) dans l’enseignement. Il livre un propos sociologique décliné en trois parties : il propose d’abord de revenir sur quelques aspects mis en évidence par les auteurs de certains articles publiés dans ce numéro, et traite ensuite du projet de l’UNESCO d’édifier une « culture mondiale d’éducation » et de la place qui y a été donnée à la « science occidentale ». Enfin, en revenant sur les projets récents et l’action d’organismes internationaux (Nations Unies et UNESCO) qui s’occupent d’éducation, ce texte veut mettre en évidence le glissement progressif du projet de construire une « culture mondiale d’éducation » appuyée sur la science à celui de produire, par l’école, un homme responsable de sa propre trajectoire et capable de se forger sa propre opinion.
Étude croisée du rapport aux savoirs à l’égard des sciences naturelles et des sciences humaines et sociales : portraits d’élèves de la fin du secondaire au Québec
Authors: Therriault Geneviève , Jeziorski Agnieszka , Bader Barbara , Morin Émilie
Published: October 2020

Le présent article porte sur une étude croisée du rapport aux savoirs d’élèves de la fin du secondaire à l’égard du domaine des sciences de la nature, d’une part, et des sciences humaines et sociales, d’autre part. Elle se situe en prolongement des recherches en enseignement des sciences et des sciences humaines citoyennes et des « questions socialement vives » à l’école secondaire, visant à enrichir différentes facettes du rapport aux savoirs et à l’apprentissage des jeunes. Plusieurs recherches ont analysé le rapport aux savoirs d’élèves face aux sciences. Or, très peu de recherches ont tenté de cerner le rapport aux savoirs en sciences humaines puis d’établir des distinctions avec le rapport aux savoirs en sciences naturelles. Cette étude vise ainsi à caractériser le rapport aux savoirs à l’égard de chacun des deux domaines et ensuite de dégager des liens possibles entre ceux-ci. Pour ce faire, nous faisons appel à une conceptualisation intégrant les regards croisés sur deux domaines disciplinaires contrastés au sein des dimensions épistémique, identitaire et sociale du rapport aux savoirs. Au plan méthodologique, deux outils de collecte de données sont mobilisés : le questionnaire de type « bilan de savoirs » et l’entretien semi-dirigé. L’échantillon compte 41 élèves de secondaire V au Québec ayant répondu au questionnaire. Ensuite, dix élèves ont participé aux entretiens dans le but d’approfondir les réponses données précédemment et d’aborder de nouveaux aspects. Les résultats obtenus permettent d’établir des parallèles, mais aussi des distinctions, entre le rapport aux savoirs à l’égard des sciences de la nature et des sciences humaines et sociales, et permettent ainsi de formuler des propositions pour la formation initiale et continue des enseignants dans la perspective de favoriser la pratique de l’interdisciplinarité à l’école secondaire.
Raconter le territoire sur la scène, dépasser les frontières par la scène
Authors: Nakhlé-Cerruti Najla
Published: October 2020

Cet article propose d’étudier les procédés littéraires, esthétiques et performatifs mis en œuvre dans une expérience théâtrale palestinienne singulière. Elle commence avec la fondation, en 2015, d’un collectif transnational, « Une identité dans un laboratoire » (huwiyya fī mukhtabar), réunissant des femmes et des hommes de théâtre palestiniens. Cette expérience théâtrale se poursuit avec la création, en 2017, de la première pièce du collectif, intitulée D’autres lieux (amākin ukhra). Ce vaste projet se construit à partir d’une réflexion sur les conditions spécifiques de la pratique du théâtre sur le territoire palestinien. En effet, en raison des contraintes à la mobilité imposées aux Palestiniens, la pratique du théâtre, de texte et de représentation, est mise à mal. Cette expérience se présente comme une expérience théâtrale totale parce qu’elle mobilise des procédés spécifiques à tous les moments du processus de création : de la genèse du texte à sa représentation sur scène face à un public. Elle interroge les conditions d’existence des Palestiniens dans le contexte territorial qui leur est spécifique et propose d’apporter scéniquement des réponses pour dépasser les contraintes imposées.
Managing Information Technology Projects Using Agile Methodology
Authors: Etim Alice S. , Jaiswal Chandra Prakash , Subroto Marsheilla , Collins Ortega Vivian E.
Published: October 2020

The management of information technology (IT) projects has experienced a shift from predictive and traditional project management methodology to more adaptive practices like Agile. Agile method and its developmental stages are a response to current business-changing trends and computing needs of society. The process assists in accelerating product delivery with rapid feedback and cost-conscious, consecutive iteration, distinguishing it from other traditional practices like the waterfall method. This chapter contributes to the existing literature by discussing agile project management for IT projects, with a specific case of the Africa IT project – the Books for Africa Project (hereafter called, Book Project). The first part of the chapter is used to review the literature on Agile IT projects. The Book Project as a case is an IT project, and it is discussed in detail in the chapter. The chapter concludes with transferable lessons for projects in developing countries, specifically those located in Sub-Saharan Africa.
A Measurement Model for Collaborative Online Learning in Postgraduate Engineering Management Studies
Authors: Efthymiou Leonidas , Zarifis Alex , Orphanidou Yianna
Published: October 2020

Although the approach of social constructivism is not new (its origins are dated back to the pre-World War II era), it can be used along with novel learning strategies to facilitate quality online learning. The progress of technology, learning platforms and digital resources, together with certain social constructivism techniques, enable engineering practitioners to study in postgraduate management programs that replicate face-to-face environments. In this chapter, the authors introduce certain metrics (objectives, critical success factors, key performance indicators, and targets) along with a handful of constructivism techniques, namely, ‘peer interaction', ‘forum activities', ‘learning by doing', and ‘systematic feedback'. Linking the constructs of social constructivism with quantification enables us to develop a rational model of performance measurement, serving as a navigation instrument for instructors, instructional designers, and learners.
The Design and Redesign of an Online Socio-Constructivist Course on Engineering Management
Authors: Grammatikou Mary , Sansone Nadia , Pantazatos Dimitris , Cesareni Donatella , Maglaris Vasilis
Published: October 2020

This chapter focuses on the design and redesign of an online engineering management course, based on a socio-constructivist approach. At first, the theoretical and contextual premises will be presented with a focus on the suggested teaching and learning methods to acquire domain-related knowledge and crucial skills and on the importance of learning scenario to support an effective learning design. After the background introduction, a user case will be described, focusing on the course online environment and its tools, on the proposed pedagogical strategies and above all, on how instructors can obtain and analyze useful educational data from various sources. Finally, some redesign recommendations will be provided to better use educational data for continuous course improvement.
Innovative Learning and Education Practices in European Universities
Authors: Komodromos Marcos
Published: October 2020

In the dynamic world that is associated with unpredictable informatization and globalization, it is indispensable for education to be sustainable and continuously evolve to facilitate in fulfilling the learners' needs in the current digital technologies and knowledge era. In this chapter, the author discussed how innovative learning and education practices for modern pedagogy have been developed in the European universities system. Specifically, the author provides a delineation of the attributes, pedagogy, ideology, ethical dimensions, and practical applications of innovative learning education practices. In the chapter, the author identified the different practices such as massive open online courses (MOOCs), blended learning, and flipped classrooms that have been applied at different European universities. Thus, the information discussed in this chapter is relevant to university educators and electronic learning practitioners.
Engineering to Management Transition
Authors: Efthymiou Leonidas , Epaminonda Epaminondas , Ktoridou Despo
Published: October 2020

This chapter identifies the main challenges in the transition from engineering to management and discusses how management education may assist in this transition. Mixed methods were used to achieve the above. Initially, two focus groups were conducted, and at a later stage, 126 engineers reported through a questionnaire the most common challenges in the transition from engineering to management and then a few were also interviewed. Results demonstrate that skills such as delegation, communication, convincing, coaching, and guiding others pose important challenges. In relation to the second inquiry, it is proposed that, other than management theory, offering examples, opportunity to practice with feedback, and case-based learning can help minimise the challenges. Also, leadership skills, such as delegation, developing personality, cross-cultural understanding, and managing diversity, can be strategically used to facilitate learning in the field of engineering and better prepare engineers in their transition to management.
The Power of Leadership in Engineering Management Education
Authors: Abualhamael Zeyad Waleed
Published: October 2020

The aim of this chapter is to bridge the gap between literature about leadership studies and engineering education to develop future engineering leaders. The chapter focuses upon the hindrances that are faced in integrating leadership programs in the engineering circular. To this end, the chapter employed qualitative methodology under which it reviewed literature on multiple lines such as identifying significance of leadership for engineering students, identification of leadership practices and skills taught to engineering students, and the way this can be improved. Key findings of chapter emphasized on leadership as an important skill for future engineers thus demanding need for equipping engineers with skills needed to become an effective leader. It is found that having engineers to develop leadership skills will enable them to perform their role effectively, effectively allocate and utilize available resources. Thus, the chapter recommends integration of leadership knowledge and skills in engineering curricula through usage of variety of tools such as experiential learning and self-awareness.
Priority Encoding-Based Cluster Head Selection Approach in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Chaturvedi Pooja , Daniel Ajai Kumar
Published: October 2020

Wireless sensor networks have gotten significant attention in recent times due to their applicability in diverse fields. Energy conservation is a major challenge in wireless sensor networks. Apart from energy conservation, monitoring quality of the environmental phenomenon is also considered a major issue. The approaches that addressed both these problems are of great significance. One such approach is node scheduling, which aims to divide the node set into a number of subsets such that each subset can monitor a given set of points known as targets. The chapter proposes a priority coding-based cluster head selection approach as an extension of the energy efficient coverage protocol (EECP). The priority of the nodes is determined on the basis of residual energy (RE), distance (D), noise factor (N), node degree (Nd), and link quality (LQ). The analytical results show that the proposed protocol improves the network performance by reducing the overhead by a factor of 70% and hence reduces the energy consumption by a factor of 70%.
The Role of Graphic Novels in K-12 Classrooms
Authors: McClanahan Barbara J. , Nottingham Maribeth
Published: October 2020

This chapter provides a brief introduction to the history of graphic novels in American schools, followed by a review of the literature regarding past graphic novel use. The authors then turn their attention to the real possibilities for use in schools in several major categories as described by current researchers, specifically in English language arts, math, social studies, science, and internet research. The chapter closes with suggestions as to what must take place in order for teachers to integrate graphic novels more effectively in their classrooms and highlights research areas that need to be addressed to support them.
4-Helix Entrepreneurial Ecosystems
Authors: Saiz-Alvarez Jose Manuel
Published: October 2020

The use of strategies based on 4-helix entrepreneurial ecosystems is a unique opportunity to develop emerging economies, among which is Mexico, as well as to lead to social change by strengthening the middle class. Within this process, innovation is of great importance, as it is the primary driver of the competitive advantages of nations, as well as the structural transformation of the economy. The objective of this chapter is to analyze what would be the basis for the creation of a quadruple helix model that will lead to a structural transformation for Mexico in the medium term and thus combat poverty and violence in the nation.
Keys to a Sustainable International Management Oriented to the Main Global Needs
Authors: Barahona Helder , Velandia Nicolás
Published: October 2020

International organizations have based their sustainability reports on the global reporting initiative framework. This creates value, and its impact is a tool to improve sustainable management oriented to global needs. In the majority of articles considered in the 2014-2018 period, the relationship between the sustainability reports of international organizations was analyzed with the way in which management should align the reports and sustainable practices with global needs. The general methodological framework consisted of analyzing the GRI-based sustainability reports, the levels of application according to global needs, and whether they contribute to the generation of value for sustainable management. The study focused on a content analysis, the dimensions applied, and the global needs considered, with the legality and formality criteria of the participating organizations. The most important results reflect that there is a correlation between reports and sustainable practices that are managed according to global needs, and external guarantees are sought.
Recognizing Self as the Catalyst
Authors: McCharles Pauline J.
Published: October 2020

This chapter speaks to internal reflection as a means of understanding what is not known when approaching multidimensional international business relations. How does one recognize self? When talking about self, is one person being referenced? The company as a whole? Both? The answer is all of the above. Using real-time communication one can increase trust in self, and the team, by responding with integration instead of reacting to challenges. This allows the individual the possibility of being the catalyst no matter the dimension. One can transcend. Looking at and understanding the importance of every voices personal ethos and its validity within one's own company will shift the path towards a more sustainable and a more equitable stance when moving through the global minefields of unfathomable priorities and beliefs. A new era of collaboration and confrontation, void of competition or attachment to the outcome, is here, and when that can be practiced within the company, these skills will translate globally.
Rethinking Education for Sustainability in Management Education
Authors: Acevedo Beatriz , Malevicius Romas
Published: October 2020

Education for sustainable development (ESD) initially emerged around the 1990s, and it has opened the possibility to re-think areas such as management education. Although the original purpose of inclusiveness and creativity has been gradually replaced by metrics, while keeping the idea of “development as growth” largely unquestioned, drawing upon the work of organisational researchers like Heather Hopfl, this chapter presents a critique of the evolution of ESD in the UK revealing a rationale that transforms guiding principles into metrics, emphasising “efficiency” over “care.” The researchers relate to the principles of humanistic management, in its consideration of social value generation linked to financial success. The authors propose to enhance the notion of “values” by revisiting the concept of “virtues,” particularly in the consideration of sustainability. Finally, the authors draw upon interest in aesthetics and praxis to propose an “aesthetic education for sustainability,” as a critical and purposeful approach of questioning and imagining hopeful ways of living and learning.
Strategy From Human Talent
Authors: Porras Polo Yusney Esther
Published: October 2020

This chapter presents an original view of strategy, understood from and for the human talent of organizations. Therefore, it is proposed how to develop a strategic deployment that includes human talent as a differential using a methodology that makes it possible to propose a new way of meeting strategic objectives. This analysis considers the external requirements and changes, the needs and opportunities for improvement detected through a SWOT, which seek to increase the competition of human talent in organizations, exploring variables and thus leading the business to future. It is the product of teaching support in subjects as strategic management, human talent management, among others; where the students inquire about Colombian organizations and product of the topics developed in the classroom, academic proposals are generated in terms of the human talent future scenarios where it shows its differential through the people. Thus, a methodology is described to update documents or philosophical elements in companies and propose strategies that impact human talent.
Impact of Design Thinking on Human Resources
Authors: Boaventura Helena , Dieguez Teresa , Conceição Oscarina
Published: October 2020

Design thinking in the human resources area is still a recent issue little known and exploited even at an international level. It has only recently begun to be worked on and shared by organizations, and it is pointed out as being one of the most important competences of the 21st century. It refers to a style of thinking that combines the senses with the context of a problem, creativity in the creation of new points of view, and solutions and rationality in the analysis and search for solutions to the context. The present research used the Employee Experience DT Model, applied on a multinational company and developed within three long sessions of brainstorming and brainwriting. The main conclusions outlined that DT stimulates the process of continuous improvement, reinforces teamwork, as well as creativity and effort in solving problems. Furthermore, it sensitizes the administration for the current existing problems, compromising it in their resolution, and working in partnership with its stakeholders.
Happiness at Work Through Recognition and Reward Programs
Authors: Ramirez Salazar Carlos Fernando
Published: October 2020

Happiness has been explored from different perspectives—moods, attitudes, emotions, and/or feelings of wellness—and its study has been extended to work experiences. This chapter is framed within the theoretical review of happiness, and happiness at work and its management, by means of recognition and reward programs that are proposed by the theorists to increase happiness, which influence greater company productivity. This chapter shows cases of Colombian and American companies, whose recognition and rewarding practices are aligned with the researcher´s postulates. Among research findings, recognition programs in Colombian companies are more oriented towards a friendly laboral environment and time incentives; whereas American companies focus on incentives based on of money and working from home.
Precision Agriculture
Authors: Dahane Amine , Kechar Bouabdellah , Benyamina Abou El Hassan , Benameur Rabaie
Published: October 2020

Agricultural areas are getting reduced due to human negligence in providing modern irrigation methods. As a result, reflections aiming to save water use in the water network management context have been developed over the years. In this chapter, the authors propose a platform for precision agriculture which allows collecting fundamental physical phenomena (soil moisture, air temperature, humidity, water level, water flow, luminous intensity) required for the precision agriculture, which will be carried out to calculate the water quantity needed for optimal irrigation. The platform consists of a sensor/actuator node, a desktop application, and a gateway switches relay that controls the water pump according to the requirement. It uses an algorithm developed with threshold values of temperature and soil moisture (Rawls and Turq formulas) to control water quantity. The proposal is a good starting point for a smart, sustainable, and low-cost irrigation solution.
A Web-Based Platform for Crop-Specific Data Management and Exchange of Farmers' Experiences
Authors: Gonzalez-Amaro Rosa Maria , Hidalgo-Reyes Miguel Angel , Lagunes-Barradas Virginia
Published: October 2020

In this chapter, the research theme is focused on the relationship between small farmers and information and communication technologies (ICT). Although there are other previous works that have already analyzed this same relationship, the authors believe that access to information remains a major challenge for farmers. With the application of workshops on agricultural practices of maize, in communities of Oaxaca and Veracruz, they learned about the practices of farmers around the production cycle and applied a survey to find out their opinion regarding the use of ICT. In addition, they used a specialized database to complement the workshops objectives. Next, in collaboration between researchers in the areas of biology and computing, they developed a web platform for access and use of information related to the variables of interest to farmers. Among the main results, they highlight that the community prefers to use cell phones to access such information and that the older generations are looking to transmit experiences and knowledge to the young with the aim of conserving ancestral knowledge.
The Role of the Institutional, Assistance, and Source Information Analysis on Food Security and Extension Policy
Authors: Rusliyadi Muhamad
Published: October 2020

The chapter aims to analyze the role of institutional sources of funding/assistance, source information in term of food security and extension policy. The results of the research show the information on problematic areas in policy implementation with respect to food security and extension policy in term of poverty reduction. The role of the institutional, assistance, and source information is useful in the implementation of other policy sectors in the future, because similar issues or problems may be avoided by taking precautions not to repeat the same mistakes or by applying measures which address the implementation issues. In this way, policy implementation can be carried out effectively, and the outcomes will meet the policy objectives.
Importance of Artificial Environment Conditions on Plant Biotechnology, Plant Growth, and Secondary Metabolites
Authors: Gabr Ahmed M.M. , Ebrahim Hanan S. , El-Ashry Amal A , El-Bahr Mohamed K.
Published: October 2020

Plant biotechnology (micropropagation, secondary metabolites, etc.) is the science of growing different plant cells under controlled artificial environment conditions. Thence, successful plant biotechnology depends on the techniques of plant tissue culture. Plant tissue culture laboratories have style needs that distinguish them from alternative forms of laboratories and a few wants are distinctive for successfully plant growth as well as production of plant secondary metabolites. The most often manipulated physical parameters are light, temperature, and relative humidity within the culture vessels. The light is most important physical factor which might have an effect on metabolite production. Light not only affects the in vitro growth and developments but also very important factor affecting the production of plant secondary metabolites. The action of light on plants happens in the most part in two ways. In the first way, the light source gives the energy required by the plant for photosynthesis. In the second way, the signal which gotten by photoreceptors it regulates plant metabolism, differentiation, and growth. Temperature is different with the different in vitro life cycle, as well as the aim of production such as plant growth or secondary metabolites production.
Digital Transformation and Economic Contributions of 5G Networks
Authors: Attaran Mohsen , Attaran Sharmin
Published: October 2020

The advent of 5G is more than just a generational step; it opens up a new world of possibilities for every industry. It represents a fundamental transformation of the role that mobile technology plays in society. As 5G becomes a reality, it will impact us on a massive scale, especially in the workplace. The purpose of this paper is to do a systematic literature review and explore how 5G can enable or streamline intelligent automation and why the development and implementation of 5G are crucial to where the authors will find themselves in the coming years. This paper reviews the evolution and development of various generations of mobile wireless technology, underscores the importance of 5G revolutionary networks, reviews its critical enabling technologies, examines its trends and adaptation challenges, explores its applications in different industries, including Industry 4.0 and digital marketing, and highlights its role in digital transformation based on the latest research activity in the field.
A Trust Framework for Centralized TDMA Scheduling Mechanism in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks
Authors: Hadded Mohamed , Toumi Khalifa , Laouiti Anis , Muhlethaler Paul
Published: October 2020

Vehicular ad hoc networks, known as VANETs, are deployed to improve passenger comfort as well as to reduce the risk of road accidents by allowing vehicles to provide a warning in real time when a critical event is detected. In such networks, communication is possible both between the vehicles themselves and between the vehicles and the infrastructure. These applications need a reliable and secure broadcast system that takes into consideration the security issues in VANETs, the high speed of nodes, and the strict QoS requirements. For these reasons, the authors propose a trust-based and centralized TDMA-based MAC protocol that avoids time slot assignment to malicious nodes and minimizes message collision. The solution is based on the design of a generic trust mechanism for VANETs based on the MAC requirements and its integration into a centralized TDMA-based MAC protocol, named trust-CTMAC. The mechanism will permit roadside units (RSUs) to manage trust level assignment via security check during free slot allotment. The experiments carried out and the results obtained prove the effectiveness of the approach.
IACAP
Authors: Yin Mingsheng , Figueroa-Lorenzo Santiago , Añorga Javier , Arrizabalaga Saioa , Sun Yan
Published: October 2020

With the expansion and development of the internet protocol, the number of cybersecurity vulnerabilities has also increased. However, it is difficult to find a reliable way to detect the vulnerability in the internet-exposed asset. This paper proposes a new design of analysis platform that integrates the cybersecurity data and an internet-exposed asset search engine. Based on this design, it provides a convenient and up-to-date solution for the users to detect the devices' vulnerability crossing internet. Meanwhile, this platform offers suggestions in terms of resolving the cybersecurity problem.
A New Bio-Inspired Algorithm Based on the Hunting Behavior of Cheetah
Authors: Saravanan D. , Paul P. Victer , Janakiraman S. , Dumka Ankur , Jayakumar L.
Published: October 2020

Soft computing is recognized as the fusion of methodologies mainly designed to model and formulate solutions to real-world problems that are too difficult to model mathematically. The grey wolf optimizer (GWO) algorithm is the recently proposed bio-inspired optimization algorithm that is mainly based on their foraging and hunting behavior. This GWO is proved as the recent and best in solving complex problems, but they too face some drawbacks of low solving precision, slow convergence, and bad local searching ability. In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing algorithms, this paper is intended to propose a novel algorithm based on the foraging behavior of the cheetah. The cheetah is well known for their leadership hierarchy, decision making, and efficient communication capabilities between their teammates during group hunting. The famous benchmark functions such as unimodal and multimodal functions are being chosen as the testbed, and the experiments are performed on them. The proposed scheme outperforms in terms of computational time and optimal solution.
SMAGA
Authors: Xue Yuan , Zhou Yilu
Published: October 2020

The study of national culture and cultural differences has immense value in today's business world. However, contemporary cross-cultural study instruments are subjective to many biases and intensive in terms of human labor. On the other hand, social media data offers tremendous opportunities for cross-cultural studies. However, it cannot be used directly as input for existing cross-cultural study applications in social science for being unstructured and noisy. In this work, the authors develop a text mining application called Social Media Associative Group Analysis (SMAGA). It effectively discovers information relevant to cultural values from social media data and represent such information using AGA verbal associations tuples. Experimental results show that the SMAGA framework can generate meaningful results in support of cross-cultural studies with much higher efficiency than traditional cross-cultural study instruments. This research underlines the emerging trend of developing text mining applications to automate cross-cultural and other types of social science studies.