bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of long non-coding RNA transcriptome in high-energy diet induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis minipigs
Authors: Xia Jihan , Xin Leilei , Zhu Wenjuan , Li Li , Li Chenxiao , Wang Yanfang , Mu Yulian , Yang Shulin , Li Kui
Published: July 2016

Today, obesity and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis are a worldwide epidemic, although how these syndromes are regulated with respect to lncRNAs remains largely unknown. Our previous studies have revealed important pathological features and molecular characteristics of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in the minipig model, and in this study, we analyze the features of lncRNAs and their potential target genes. Minipig samples only from liver were analyzed using next-generation deep sequencing. In total, we obtained 585 million raw reads approximately 70.4 Gb of high quality data. After a strict five-step filtering process, 1,179 lncRNAs were identified, including 89 differentially expressed lncRNAs (P < 0.05) in the experiment group relative to the control group. The cis and trans analysis identified target genes that were enriched for specific GO terms (P < 0.01), including immune processes, chemokine activity, cytokine activity, and G-protein coupled receptor binding, which are closely related to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The predicted protein-coding targets of the differentially expressed lncRNAs were further analyzed, such as PPAR, FADS2, DGAT2, ACAA2, CYP2E1, ADH4, and Fos. This study reveals a wealth of candidate lncRNAs involved in NASH and their regulated pathways, which should facilitate further research into the molecular mechanisms of this disorder.
Rod-like CuMnOx transformed from mixed oxide particles by alkaline hydrothermal treatment as a novel catalyst for catalytic combustion of toluene
Authors: Li W. B. , Liu Z. X. , Liu R. F. , Chen J. L. , Xu B. Q.
Published: July 2016

Rod-like copper manganese mixed oxides by alkaline hydrothermal treatment exhibit superior catalytic activity toward toluene combustion at 210 °C.
Local environment of metal ions in phthalocyanines: K-edge X-ray absorption spectra
Authors: Rossi G. , d'Acapito F. , Amidani L. , Boscherini F. , Pedio M.
Published: July 2016

We describe a model for interpreting XAFS spectra of metal phthalocyanines. The near edge spectra are reproduced in a full potential approach.
Exciton coupling dynamics in syn- and anti-type β–β linked Zn(ii) porphyrin linear arrays
Authors: Kim Taeyeon , Oh Juwon , Jiang Hua-Wei , Tanaka Takayuki , Osuka Atsuhiro , Kim Dongho
Published: July 2016

The photophysical properties of molecular arrays are strongly dependent on a variety of structural factors: the constituent chromophores, dihedral angle, linkage length, linkage position, the center-to-center distance between chromophores, and the linker itself.
Phenol hydrodeoxygenation: effect of support and Re promoter on the reactivity of Co catalysts
Authors: Ghampson I. T. , Sepúlveda C. , Dongil A. B. , Pecchi G. , García R. , Fierro J. L. G. , Escalona N.
Published: July 2016

In this work, the reactivity of supported Co catalysts as a function of the oxide support (alumina, silica-alumina, zirconia and titania) and Re promoter for the hydrodeoxygenation of phenol at 300 °C and 3 MPa H2 using a batch autoclave reactor was investigated.
Core–shell Cd0.2Zn0.8S@BiOX (X = Cl, Br and I) microspheres: a family of hetero-structured catalysts with adjustable bandgaps, enhanced stability and photocatalytic performance under visible light irradiation
Authors: Zhou Yannan , Wen Ting , Chang Binbin , Yang Baocheng , Wang Yonggang
Published: July 2016

Core–shell Cd0.2Zn0.8S@BiOX microspheres with tunable bandgaps, enhanced stability and photocatalytic activity were fabricated via a facile solvothermal route.
The control of the electronic structure of dinuclear copper complexes of redox-active tetrakisguanidine ligands by the environment
Authors: Wiesner Sven , Wagner Arne , Kaifer Elisabeth , Himmel Hans-Jörg
Published: July 2016

The electronic structures of dinuclear copper complexes of the general formula [GFA(CuX2)2], where X = Br or Cl and GFA denotes a redox-active bridging Guanidino-Functionalized Aromatic ligand, were analysed and compared.
Preparation and comparison of bulk and membrane hydrogels based on Kraft- and ionic-liquid-isolated lignins
Authors: Shen Xiaoping , Berton Paula , Shamshina Julia L. , Rogers Robin D.
Published: July 2016

Lignin-based hydrogels in both bulk and membrane forms for potential drug delivery, food packaging, and wound dressing applications have been designed by crosslinking ionic-liquid-isolated lignin with epoxide-terminated polyethylene glycol (ETPEG) in alkaline solution.
Luminescent platforms for monitoring changes in the solubility of amylin and huntingtin in living cells
Authors: Zhao Jia , Vu Quyen , Stains Cliff I.
Published: July 2016

Cell-based assays for amylin and huntingtin solubility, capable of reporting on the influence of mutations and small molecules, are reported.
Diterpenoids of terrestrial origin
Authors: Hanson James R.
Published: July 2016

This review covers the isolation and chemistry of diterpenoids from terrestrial as opposed to marine sources and includes labdanes, clerodanes, pimaranes, abietanes, kauranes, cembranes and their cyclization products. The literature from January to December, 2015 is reviewed.
Macrophage-targeted chitosan anchored PLGA nanoparticles bearing doxorubicin and amphotericin B against visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Singh Pankaj K. , Sah Prachi , Meher Jaya Gopal , Joshi Sumit , Pawar Vivek K. , Raval Kavit , Singh Yuvraj , Sharma Komal , Kumar Animesh , Dube Anuradha , Chourasia Manish K.
Published: July 2016

Novel chitosan-coated nanoparticles with a high payload of amphotericin B (AmB) and doxorubicin (Dox) were formulated employing a nanoprecipitation technique and evaluated for antileishmanial activity against Leishmania donovani.
A polyaniline wrapped aminated graphene composite on nickel foam as three-dimensional electrodes for enzymatic microfuel cells
Authors: Kumar Rudra , Bhuvana Thiruvelu , Mishra Gargi , Sharma Ashutosh
Published: July 2016

Ni foam coated with a NH2-G/PAni composite is reported as a promising 3D electrode material for enzymatic microfuel cells for the first time.
Long circulating anionic liposomes for hepatic targeted delivery of cisplatin
Authors: Zhang Liujie , Kuang Ying , Liu Jia , Liu Zhilan , Huang Shiwen , Zhuo Renxi
Published: July 2016

Anionic liposomes, composed of acetyl glycyrrhetinic acid-poly(ethylene glycol)-stearate, 5-cholestene-3-beta-ol-3-hemisuccinate and phosphatidylcholine, were developed for hepatic targeted delivery of cisplatin.
Dendronized PLGA nanoparticles with anionic carbosilane dendrons as antiviral agents against HIV infection
Authors: Galán Marta , Fornaguera Cristina , Ortega Paula , Calderó Gabriela , Lorente Raquel , Jimenez Jose Luis , Mata Javier de la , Muñoz-Fernandez Ma Angeles , Solans Conxita , Gómez Rafael
Published: July 2016

PLGA nanoparticles functionalized with carbosilane anionic dendrons have been prepared. The biocompatibility and HIV activity have been explored in PBMC and HEC-1A cells. The results indicate that these systems are powerful anti-HIV agents.
Hollow circular compound-based inclusion complexes of an ionic liquid
Authors: Barman Siti , Roy Mahendra Nath
Published: July 2016

Inclusion complex formation between hollow circular compounds,e.g.crown ethers, and an ionic liquid, 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, in acetonitrile solvent is studied by means of conductivity measurements, IR and NMR spectra.
Solvothermal synthesis of discrete cages and extended networks comprising {Cr(iii)3O(O2CR)3(oxime)3}2− (R = H, CH3, C(CH3)3, C14H9) building blocks
Authors: Houton Edel , Comar Priyanka , Pitak Mateusz B. , Coles Simon J. , Ryder Alan. G. , Piligkos Stergios , Brechin Euan K. , Jones Leigh F.
Published: July 2016

We present the solvothermal synthesis, structural and magnetic characterisation of a family of Cr(iii) cages and extended networks comprising {Cr(iii)3O(O2CR1)3(R2-sao)}2− (R1 = H, CH3, C(CH3)3, C14H9; R2 = Me, Ph, tBu, C10H6) building blocks.
Degradation mechanism of a junction-free transparent silver network electrode
Authors: Cheuk Kin Wai , Pei Ke , Chan Paddy K. L.
Published: July 2016

In this study, junction-free silver network electrodes with a range of optical transparencies and sheet resistances are developed by using thermal evaporation in the cracked regions of polymer templates that have conformal coatings.
Convenient one-step synthesis of pyrrolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-ones via TMSCl-catalyzed cascade reactions of isatins and β-enamino ketones
Authors: Xu Hui , Zhou Pan , Zhou Bei , Zhou Jie , Shen Yuehai , Lu Ling-Ling , Yu Fu-Chao
Published: July 2016

A series of pyrrolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-ones were afforded by TMSCl-catalyzed isatins and β-enamino ketones in high yields under mild conditions.
A novel multi-component approach to the synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives
Authors: Voskressensky L. G. , Borisova T. N. , Matveeva M. D. , Khrustalev V. N. , Aksenov A. V. , Titov A. A. , Vartanova A. E. , Varlamov A. V.
Published: July 2016

A route towards pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines through a 3CR of 1-aroyl dihydroisoquinolines, activated alkynes and alcohols has been developed.
Simple in situ synthesis of carbon-supported and nanosheet-assembled vanadium oxide for ultra-high rate anode and cathode materials of lithium ion batteries
Authors: Wang Xingchao , Jia Wei , Wang Luxiang , Huang Yudai , Guo Yong , Sun Ying , Jia Dianzeng , Pang Weikong , Guo Zaiping , Tang Xincun
Published: July 2016

In situ carbon supported V2O5 nanosheets were synthesized by a simple method and showed excellent anode and cathode capacity for LIBs.
Hospital-acquired hyponatremia in children: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and prevention
Authors: Kaneko Kazunari
Published: July 2016

Recent observations have revealed that otherwise healthy children with acute illnesses are prone to hyponatremia due to increased arginine vasopressin production by non-osmotic stimuli. Concern has recently been raised about the potential for iatrogenic hyponatremia as a result of maintenance fluid therapy for those children. To minimize the risk of development of hospital-acquired hyponatremia in sick children receiving maintenance fluid therapy, the routine practice of administration of hypotonic fluids (e.g., 0.18% NaCl with 4% glucose: Na 31 mEq/L, Cl 31 mEq/L) should be abandoned. Instead, isotonic solution, such as 0.9% NaCl (Na 154 mEq/L, K 0 mEq/L, Cl 154 mEq/L) or Hartmann's solution (Na 130 mEq/L, K 4 mEq/L, Cl 110 mEq/L) should be administered. In addition, it must be noted that close monitoring of the children with daily weights, frequent vitals, strict intake and output measurement, and daily chemistries, especially during the first 72 h of parenteral fluid therapy is essential.
Laboratory medicine in tropical medicine: Present situation
Authors: Wiwanitkit Viroj
Published: July 2016

Laboratory medicine is an important branch of medicine dealing with the use of laboratory investigation. In tropical medicine, the principles of laboratory medicine are important knowledge for tropical physicians. Laboratory medicine is critical for the investigation of tropical diseases. In this article, the author will briefly summarize and discuss the current situation of laboratory medicine in the tropical world.
Alterations in cardiac autonomic function, lipid profile, and arterial stiffness in type 1 diabetic children
Authors: Shin Ki Ok , Woo Jin Hee , Yeo Nam Hwoeh , Ok Duckpil , Kang Sunghwun
Published: July 2016

We investigated whether alterations in autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity were associated with metabolic. Ten type 1 diabetic children (11.8 ± 0.8 yr) and ten healthy children (10.7 ± very low-frequency (VLF) reflecting thermogenic sympathetic function; low-frequency (LF), an indicator of sympatho-vagal activity; high-frequency (HF) reflecting parasympathetic activity exclusively; and total power (TOTAL) representing overall ANS activity. All ANS activities including thermogenic sympathetic activity were significantly decreased in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in comparison to control children (Total power, p < 0.01; LF, p < 0.01; HF, p < 0.05 and VLF, p < 0.01). Triglyceride (TG) and TG/HDL-C levels of atherogenic risk profiles were also significantly increased in T1DM children (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). However, Fourier pulsatility index (PI) and blood flow velocity (FLOW) did not show any significant difference between groups. It was concluded that T1DM children might possess significantly lower ANS activities with elevated atherogenic risk factors in comparison with normal children even at the early stage of life. Therefore, it should consider therapies that can reduce these risk factors causing diabetic complications in childhood.
Non-adiabatic dynamics investigation of the radiationless decay mechanism of trans-urocanic acid in the S2 state
Authors: Zhao Li , Zhou Pan-Wang , Zhao Guang-Jiu
Published: July 2016

The trans-urocanic acid, a UV chromophore in the epidermis of human skin, was found to exhibit a wavelength dependent isomerization property. The isomerization quantum yield to cis-urocanic is greatest when being excited to the S1 state, whereas exciting the molecule to the S2 state causes almost no isomerization. The comparative photochemical behavior of the trans-urocanic on the S1 and S2 states continues to be the subject of intense research effort. This study is concerned with the unique photo-behavior of this interesting molecule on the S2 state. Combining the on-the-fly surface hopping dynamics simulations and static electronic structure calculations, three decay channels were observed following excitation to the S2 state. An overwhelming majority of the molecules decay to the S1 state through a planar or pucker characterized minimum energy conical intersection (MECI), and then decay to the ground state along a relaxation coordinate driven by a pucker deformation of the ring. A very small fraction of molecules decay to the S1 state by a MECI characterized by a twisting motion around the CC double bond, which continues to drive the molecule to deactivate to the ground state. The latter channel is related with the photoisomerization process, whereas the former one will only generate the original trans-form products. The present work provides a novel S2 state decay mechanism of this molecule, which offers useful information to explain the wavelength dependent isomerization behavior.
Conformational landscape of an amyloid intra-cellular domain and Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson paradigm in protein dynamics
Authors: Dai Jin , Niemi Antti J. , He Jianfeng
Published: July 2016

The Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson paradigm is proposed as a framework, to investigate the conformational landscape of intrinsically unstructured proteins. A universal Cα-trace Landau free energy is deduced from general symmetry considerations, with the ensuing all-atom structure modeled using publicly available reconstruction programs Pulchra and Scwrl. As an example, the conformational stability of an amyloid precursor protein intra-cellular domain (AICD) is inspected; the reference conformation is the crystallographic structure with code 3DXC in Protein Data Bank (PDB) that describes a heterodimer of AICD and a nuclear multi-domain adaptor protein Fe65. Those conformations of AICD that correspond to local or near-local minima of the Landau free energy are identified. For this, the response of the original 3DXC conformation to variations in the ambient temperature is investigated, using the Glauber algorithm. The conclusion is that in isolation the AICD conformation in 3DXC must be unstable. A family of degenerate conformations that minimise the Landau free energy is identified, and it is proposed that the native state of an isolated AICD is a superposition of these conformations. The results are fully in line with the presumed intrinsically unstructured character of isolated AICD and should provide a basis for a systematic analysis of AICD structure in future NMR experiments.
Phononic thermal resistance due to a finite periodic array of nano-scatterers
Authors: Trang Nghiêm T. T. , Chapuis Pierre-Olivier
Published: July 2016

The wave property of phonons is employed to explore the thermal transport across a finite periodic array of nano-scatterers such as circular and triangular holes. As thermal phonons are generated in all directions, we study their transmission through a single array for both normal and oblique incidences, using a linear dispersionless time-dependent acoustic frame in a two-dimensional system. Roughness effects can be directly considered within the computations without relying on approximate analytical formulae. Analysis by spatio-temporal Fourier transform allows us to observe the diffraction effects and the conversion of polarization. Frequency-dependent energy transmission coefficients are computed for symmetric and asymmetric objects that are both subject to reciprocity. We demonstrate that the phononic array acts as an efficient thermal barrier by applying the theory of thermal boundary (Kapitza) resistances to arrays of smooth scattering holes in silicon for an exemplifying periodicity of 10 nm in the 5–100 K temperature range. It is observed that the associated thermal conductance has the same temperature dependence as that without phononic filtering.
Persistent photocurrent (PPC) in solution-processed organic thin film transistors: Mechanisms of gate voltage control
Authors: Singh Subhash , Mohapatra Y. N.
Published: July 2016

There is a growing need to understand mechanisms of photoresponse in devices based on organic semiconductor thin films and interfaces. The phenomenon of persistent photocurrent (PPC) has been systematically investigated in solution processed TIPS-Pentacene based organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) as an important example of an organic semiconductor material system. With increasing light intensity from dark to 385 mW/cm2, there is a significant shift in threshold voltage (VTh) while the filed-effect mobility remains unchanged. The OTFT shows large photoresponse under white light illumination due to exponential tail states with characteristic energy parameter of 86 meV. The photo-induced current is observed to persist even for several hours after turning the light off. To investigate the origin of PPC, its quenching mechanism is investigated by a variety of methods involving a combination of gate bias, illumination and temperature. We show that a coherent model of trap-charge induced carrier concentration is able to account for the quenching behavior. Analysis of isothermal transients using time-analyzed transient spectroscopy shows that the emission rates are activated and are also field enhanced due to Poole-Frankel effect. The results shed light on the nature, origin, and energetic distribution of the traps controlling PPC in solution processed organic semiconductors and their interfaces.
Using domain walls to perform non-local measurements with high spin signal amplitudes
Authors: Savero Torres W. , Pham V.-T. , Zahnd G. , Laczkowski P. , Nguyen V.-D. , Beigné C. , Notin L. , Jamet M. , Marty A. , Vila L. , Attané J.-P.
Published: July 2016

Standard non-local measurements require lateral spin-valves with two different ferromagnetic electrodes, to create and to detect the spin accumulation. Here we show that non-local measurements can also be performed in a cross-shaped nanostructure, made of a single ferromagnetic wire connected to an orthogonal non-magnetic wire. A magnetic domain wall located underneath the ferromagnetic/non-magnetic interface is used to control the magnetizations of the injection and detection zones. As these zones can be very close, our results display spin signals possessing amplitudes larger than those obtained in conventional non-local measurements. We also show that this method can be used as a domain wall detection technique.
Broadband acoustic diode by using two structured impedance-matched acoustic metasurfaces
Authors: Wang Xiao-Peng , Wan Le-Le , Chen Tian-Ning , Liang Qing-Xuan , Song Ai-Ling
Published: July 2016

An acoustic diode (AD) is proposed and designed based on a mechanism different from the previous designs by using two structured impedance-matched acoustic metasurfaces. This AD can realize unidirectional acoustic transmission within a broad band with high transmission efficiency due to the impedance-matching condition while allowing other entities such as objects or fluids to pass freely. What is more, the backtracking waves that come from the incoming waves can be efficiently prevented and cannot disturb the source. The acoustic pressure field distribution, intensity distribution, and transmission efficiency are calculated by using the finite element method. The simulation results agree well with the theoretical predictions. Our proposed mechanism can experimentally provide a simple approach to design an AD and have potential applications in various fields such as medical ultrasound and noise insulation.
Magnetohydrodynamics for collisionless plasmas from the gyrokinetic perspective
Authors: Lee W. W.
Published: July 2016

The effort to obtain a set of MagnetoHydroDynamic (MHD) equations for a magnetized collisionless plasma was started nearly 60 years ago by Chew et al. [Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 236(1204), 112–118 (1956)]. Many attempts have been made ever since. Here, we will show the derivation of a set of these equations from the gyrokinetic perspective, which we call it gyrokinetic MHD, and it is different from the conventional ideal MHD. However, this new set of equations still has conservation properties and, in the absence of fluctuations, recovers the usual MHD equilibrium. Furthermore, the resulting equations allow for the plasma pressure balance to be further modified by finite-Larmor-radius effects in regions with steep pressure gradients. The present work is an outgrowth of the paper on “Alfven Waves in Gyrokinetic Plasmas” by Lee and Qin [Phys. Plasmas 10, 3196 (2003)].
Dielectric interface-dependent spatial charge distribution in ambipolar polymer semiconductors embedded in dual-gate field-effect transistors
Authors: Lee Jiyoul , Roelofs W. S. Christian , Janssen Rene A. J. , Gelinck Gerwin H.
Published: July 2016

The spatial charge distribution in diketopyrrolopyrrole-containing ambipolar polymeric semiconductors embedded in dual-gate field-effect transistors (DGFETs) was investigated. The DGFETs have identical active channel layers but two different channel/gate interfaces, with a CYTOP™ organic dielectric layer for the top-gate and an octadecyltrichlorosilane (ODTS) self-assembled monolayer-treated inorganic SiO2 dielectric for the bottom-gate, respectively. Temperature-dependent transfer measurements of the DGFETs were conducted to examine the charge transport at each interface. By fitting the temperature-dependent measurement results to the modified Vissenberg–Matters model, it can be inferred that the top-channel interfacing with the fluorinated organic dielectric layers has confined charge transport to two-dimensions, whereas the bottom-channel interfacing with the ODTS-treated SiO2 dielectric layers has three-dimensional charge transport.
Piezoelectric response of BiFeO3 ceramics at elevated temperatures
Authors: Rojac Tadej , Makarovic Maja , Walker Julian , Ursic Hana , Damjanovic Dragan , Kos Tomaz
Published: July 2016

The high Curie temperature (TC ∼ 825 °C) of BiFeO3 has made this material potentially attractive for the development of high-TC piezoelectric ceramics. Despite significant advances in the search of new BiFeO3-based compositions, the piezoelectric behavior of the parent BiFeO3 at elevated temperatures remains unexplored. We present here a systematic analysis of the converse, longitudinal piezoelectric response of BiFeO3 measured in situ as a function of temperature (25–260 °C), driving-field frequency, and amplitude. Earlier studies performed at room temperature revealed that the frequency and field dependence of the longitudinal response of BiFeO3 is dominated by linear and nonlinear piezoelectric Maxwell-Wagner mechanisms, originating from the presence of local conductive paths along domain walls and grain boundaries within the polycrystalline matrix. This study shows that the same mechanisms are responsible for the distinct temperature dependence of the piezoelectric coefficient and phase angle and thus identifies the local electrical conductivity as the key for controlling the temperature dependent piezoelectric response of BiFeO3 and possibly other, more complex BiFeO3-based compositions.
Effect of post annealing on spin accumulation and transport signals in Co2FeSi/MgO/n+-Si on insulator devices
Authors: Tiwari Ajay , Inokuchi Tomoaki , Ishikawa Mizue , Sugiyama Hideyuki , Tezuka Nobuki , Saito Yoshiaki
Published: July 2016

The post annealing temperature dependence of spin accumulation and transport signals in Co2FeSi/MgO/n+-Si on insulator were investigated. The spin signals were detected using 3- and 4-terminal Hanle, 2-terminal local and 4-terminal nonlocal magnetoresistance measurements. The post annealing temperature (TA) dependence of the magnitude in 3-terminal narrow Hanle signals is nearly constant up to TA < 400°C, however a slight decrease above TA ≥ 400°C is observed. This behavior is consistent with the TA dependence of the magnitude of 4-terminal nonlocal magnetoresistance (MR) signals. The spin polarization estimated from the 3-terminal narrow Hanle signals and the magnitude of 2-terminal local MR signals show a slight improvement with increasing post annealing temperature with a peak at around 325°C and then start reducing slowly. The slight increase in the spin signal would be due to high spin polarization of Co2FeSi as a result of structural ordering. The 2-terminal local MR signals do not vary significantly by annealing between as-deposited and TA = 400°C, indicating the robustness of our device. This result would be useful for future Si spintronics devices.
Practical applications of rapid review methods in the development of Australian health policy
Authors: Lambert Robyn , Vreugdenburg Thomas D. , Marlow Nicholas , Scott N. Ann , McGahan Lynda , Tivey David
Published: July 2016

Rapid reviews (RRs) are a method of evidence synthesis that can provide robust evidence to support policy decisions in a timely manner. Herein we describe the methods used to conduct RRs and present an illustrative case study to describe how RRs can be used to inform contemporary Australian health policy. The aim of the present study was to explore several important aspects of how RRs can inform decision makers. RRs are conducted within limited time frames of as little as 4 weeks. Policy questions may focus on issues of efficacy, service delivery and service organisation rather than reimbursement of new services, which is better answered by a more comprehensive assessment. RRs use flexible and pragmatic methods, which aim to balance the objectivity and rigour required of the reviews within limited time frames. This flexibility allows for great variation across products with regard to length, depth of analysis and methods used. As a result, RRs can be specifically tailored to address targeted policy questions and are a useful tool in the development of Australian health policy.
Cradle-to-farmgate greenhouse gas emissions for 2-year wheat monoculture and break crop–wheat sequences in south-eastern Australia
Authors: Brock Philippa M. , Muir Sally , Herridge David F. , Simmons Aaron
Published: July 2016

We used life cycle assessment methodology to determine the cradle-to-farmgate GHG emissions for rainfed wheat grown in monoculture or in sequence with the break crops canola (Brassica napus) and field peas (Pisum sativum), and for the break crops, in the south-eastern grains region of Australia. Total GHG emissions were 225 kg carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2-e)/t grain for a 3 t/ha wheat crop following wheat, compared with 199 and 172 kg CO2-e/t for wheat following canola and field peas, respectively. On an area basis, calculated emissions were 676, 677 and 586 kg CO2-e/ha for wheat following wheat, canola and field peas, respectively. Highest emissions were associated with the production and transport of fertilisers (23–28% of total GHG emissions) and their use in the field (16–23% of total GHG emissions). Production, transport and use of lime accounted for an additional 19–21% of total GHG emissions. The lower emissions for wheat after break crops were associated with higher yields, improved use of fertiliser nitrogen (N) and reduced fertiliser N inputs in the case of wheat after field peas. Emissions of GHG for the production and harvesting of canola were calculated at 841 kg CO2-e/ha, equivalent to 420 kg CO2-e/t grain. Those of field peas were 530 kg CO2-e/ha, equivalent to 294 kg CO2-e/t grain. When the gross margin returns for the crops were considered together with their GHG emissions, the field pea–wheat sequence had the highest value per unit emissions, at AU$787/t CO2-e, followed by wheat–wheat ($703/t CO2-e) and canola–wheat ($696/t CO2-e). Uncertainties associated with emissions factor values for fertiliser N, legume-fixed N and mineralised soil organic matter N are discussed, together with the potentially high C cost of legume N2 fixation and the impact of relatively small changes in soil C during grain cropping either to offset all or most pre- and on-farm GHG emissions or to add to them.
Molecular cloning and functional characterisation of the tomato E3 ubiquitin ligase SlBAH1 gene
Authors: Zhou Shu-Mei , Wang Sai-Han , Lin Chao , Song Yun-Zhi , Zheng Xin-Xin , Song Feng-Ming , Zhu Chang-Xiang
Published: July 2016

Emerging evidence suggests that E3 ligases play critical roles in diverse biological processes, including pathogen resistance in plants. In the present study, an ubiquitin ligase gene (SlBAH1) was cloned from a tomato plant, and the functions of the gene were studied. The SlBAH1 gene contained 1002 nucleotides and encodes a protein with 333 amino acids. The SlBAH1 protein contains a SPX domain and a RING domain. SlBAH1 displayed E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in vitro. SlBAH1 was shown to localise in the nucleus, cytoplasm and plasma membrane by a subcellular localisation assay. The expression of SlBAH1 was induced by various hormones and Botrytis cinerea Pers. treatment. SlBAH1-silencing in plants obtained by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology enhanced resistance to B. cinerea, and the expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, including PR1, PR2, PR4, PR5, and PR7, was significantly increased. These results indicate that the SlBAH1-dependent activation of defence-related genes played a key role in the enhanced fungal resistance observed in the SlBAH1-silenced plants and may be related to the SA-dependent and JA-dependent signalling pathways.
Factors associated with duration of inpatient hospital stay for patients with diabetes mellitus admitted to a medical unit in a community public hospital
Authors: Lee Melissa H. , Liprino Lillianne , Brooks Jeffrey , Cayzer Brenda , Weedon Fiona , Bermingham Kate , Jenkins Alicia J. , Rowley Kevin , O'Neal David N.
Published: July 2016

The aim was to examine predictors of duration of inpatient hospital stay in people with diabetes mellitus to assist implementation of strategies to reduce hospital stay. This audit prospectively studied patients with diabetes mellitus admitted to a medical unit of an Australian community public hospital. Other outcome measures included glucose treatment optimisation and access to GP and diabetes-specific healthcare professionals. Comparison was made to patients without diabetes mellitus who were admitted concomitantly. Diabetes patients represented 26% of admissions over a 2-month period. In total, 73% had seen a GP within the prior 6 months. Patients with diabetes mellitus (n=79) had a median age of 69 years; 53% were male and median HbA1c was 65mmolmol–1 (8.1%). Diabetes mellitus was associated with a longer inpatient stay (P=0.03), particularly among patients admitted with vascular disease. Age >65 years and seeing <3 members of the community-based diabetes mellitus multidisciplinary team (MDT) in the 2-years pre-admission were independently associated with a longer stay (P=0.02). In total, 10% were referred to an endocrinologist on discharge. Involvement of more of the diabetes-specific MDT, with a skilled GP, in primary care is recommended as it may shorten inpatient hospital stay, improve glycaemia and reduce demand for limited specialist endocrinologists.
What qualities of long-acting reversible contraception do women perceive as desirable or undesirable? A systematic review
Authors: Coombe Jacqueline , Harris Melissa L. , Loxton Deborah
Published: July 2016

Little research examining qualities of contraception that make them attractive or unattractive to users, particularly young women, exists. The aim of this study is to systemically review the evidence regarding desirable and undesirable qualities of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC), including intrauterine devices, the implant and the injection, as perceived by women. Five electronic databases were searched in May 2015 using terms related to LARC and method preference or decision-making. Studies were included if they concerned women aged 18–23 years from developed countries and reported on perceived positive or negative qualities of LARC. Thirty articles were deemed relevant. Five key themes emerged under which qualities were categorised; including: (1) impact on bleeding; (2) impact on the body; (3) device-specific characteristics; (4) general characteristics; and (5) perceptions and misbeliefs. Fit and forget, high efficacy and long-term protection were considered the top desirable qualities of LARC. Undesirable qualities varied among the LARC methods; however, irregular bleeding, painful insertion and removal procedure, weight gain and location in the body were among those most commonly reported. The contraceptive benefits of LARC, including their high efficacy and longevity, are generally considered to be positive qualities by women, while the potential impact of side-effects on the body are considered as negative qualities. This information is crucial in the clinical setting as it provides practitioners with a greater understanding of the qualities women do and do not like about LARC methods. Discussion about these qualities, positive and negative, during consultations about contraception may increase rates of uptake.
Size-dependent forced PEG partitioning into channels: VDAC, OmpC, and α-hemolysin
Authors: Aksoyoglu M. Alphan , Podgornik Rudolf , Bezrukov Sergey M. , Gurnev Philip A. , Muthukumar Murugappan , Parsegian V. Adrian
Published: July 2016

Significance

With consequences for the selective partitioning of large molecules in cells, polymer partitioning into nanopores is instructive for single-molecule sensing as well as for polymer-assisted transport and packaging. Here we detect and analyze not only passive but also forced size-dependent partitioning of binary mixtures of differently sized PEGs. We probe three structurally different channels exhibiting forced partitioning that can be understood conceptually as well as quantitatively within a “polymers-pushing-polymers” model, allowing good estimates for the size-dependent pore penetration energy differences. Beyond proof of concept, forced partitioning in cells can now be recognized and used as a new tool for molecule-selective transport and active osmotically regulated packaging.
Loss of function at
RAE2
, a previously unidentified EPFL, is required for awnlessness in cultivated Asian rice
Authors: Bessho-Uehara Kanako , Wang Diane R. , Furuta Tomoyuki , Minami Anzu , Nagai Keisuke , Gamuyao Rico , Asano Kenji , Angeles-Shim Rosalyn B. , Shimizu Yoshihiro , Ayano Madoka , Komeda Norio , Doi Kazuyuki , Miura Kotaro , Toda Yosuke , Kinoshita Toshinori , Okuda Satohiro , Higashiyama Tetsuya , Nomoto Mika , Tada Yasuomi , Shinohara Hidefumi , Matsubayashi Yoshikatsu , Greenberg Anthony , Wu Jianzhong , Yasui Hideshi , Yoshimura Atsushi , Mori Hitoshi , McCouch Susan R. , Ashikari Motoyuki
Published: July 2016

Significance

This study investigates a previously unidentified cysteine-rich peptide (CRP). CRPs have diverse roles in plant growth and development, such as control of stomata density and guidance of pollen-tube elongation. Despite numerous studies on CRPs in
Arabidopsis thaliana
, there are still many peptides with unknown function. We identify a previously unidentified rice CRP named Regulator of Awn Elongation 2 (RAE2) and show that it is cleaved specifically in the spikelet to promote awn elongation. We demonstrate that
RAE2
was a target of selection during domestication, contributing to loss of awns in Asian but not African rice. The discovery of
RAE2
simultaneously deepens our understanding of plant developmental pathways and lends insight into the complex processes underlying cereal domestication.
Reading biblical poetry
Authors: Linafelt Tod
Published: July 2016

“Reading biblical poetry” considers the elements of Hebrew biblical poetry and how they differ from biblical narrative: lineation and a collapsed syntax that often drops particles and pronouns to achieve compression of the line. Biblical poetry, unlike biblical narrative, is brimming with a wide range of figurative language. It alludes more freely to mythological contexts and to God’s concrete intervention in history. Biblical poetry is often presented as direct discourse, the first-person voice, and shows willingness to give access to the inner lives of its speakers. Verse was also reserved for more specialized, highly rhetorical uses and was the preferred form for the aphorism.
Connections between texts
Authors: Linafelt Tod
Published: July 2016

No literary work exists in a vacuum, but rather grows out of and draws on earlier works. Sometimes the relationship to those earlier works is obvious and intentional, sometimes it is less obvious but still intentional, and sometimes it is neither obvious nor intentional. “Connections between texts” focuses on the narrow form of intertextuality in the Bible, where we see later authors or texts citing, alluding to, and sometimes parodying earlier authors and texts, to explore the specific literary connections between texts. These connections contribute to the rich, sometimes conflictual, layers of meaning in biblical literature. Examples are taken from Genesis 1, Job, Lamentations, and Isaiah.
Arthroereisis: physiologic blocking of the subtalar joint
Authors: LaPorta Guido A. , Pless Amanda
Published: July 2016

Subtalar arthroereisis is an option for the correction of painful, flexible flatfoot. Arthroereisis has been shown to be an effective procedure to treat pathologic hyperpronation and flexible flatfoot accompanied by talotarsal instability in both children and adults. It is imperative that the clinician examines both the patient’s clinical presentation as well as radiographic evaluation to determine appropriateness of the procedure. Highly satisfactory results have been reported both functionally and radiographically with use of the arthroereisis procedure. Most common complications reported in the literature are transient and easily reversible by removal of the device. Although there is a plethora of reported pediatric clinical evidence in the literature, there remains a lack of clinical trials in the adult population. In this article, we examine the current literature with respect to the adult and pediatric populations while also referencing the senior author’s personal experience with the subtalar arthroereisis procedure.
Anterior Opening Wedge Osteotomy of the Tibia for the Treatment of Genu Recurvatum
Authors: Villa Vincent , Gaillard Romain , Robin Jonathan , Debette Caroline , Servien Elvire , Lustig Sebastien , Neyret Philippe
Published: July 2016

Pathologic genu recurvatum is defined by knee hyperextension in excess of 15 degrees and is usually asymmetric. This is a rare disease that can be related to bony, soft tissue or a combination of both. Patients with genu recurvatum commonly present with anterior knee pain, knee instability, ambulation difficulty on uneven ground, and patellofemoral instability. Anterior opening wedge osteotomy of the tibia is indicated when deformity in the sagittal plane emanates from the tibia (reversed posterior tibial slope) or a combination of tibia and soft tissue. The aim of this study is to present a surgical technique for anterior high tibial osteotomy, with indications, limitations, and review of the literature. We explain the different steps of the surgery with radiologic preoperative planning, skin incision and approach, osteotomy and fluoroscopic control, fixation, and bone grafting. Although this surgery is uncommon and difficult, the overall results in the literature are very positive and lead to increased patient satisfaction and function.
POSTOPERATIVE ENDOPHTHALMITIS CAUSED BY BOSEA thiooxidans
Authors: Dedania Vaidehi S. , Ghodasra Devon H. , Zacks David N.
Published: July 2016

Purpose:

To report an unusual case of postcataract endophthalmitis secondary to Bosea thiooxidans.

Methods:

Case report.

Results:

An 86-year-old man presented with postoperative endophthalmitis 3 weeks after uncomplicated cataract surgery. He complained of a headache and blurry vision but denied having eye pain. Slit-lamp examination demonstrated leukocytes with a fibrinous membrane in the anterior segment and vitritis. A diagnosis of acute postoperative endophthalmitis was made, and the patient was treated with intravitreal antibiotics. Culture of vitreous tap revealed Bosea thiooxidans, a gram-negative rod found in soil and water systems.

Conclusion:

To our knowledge, this report is the first to describe Bosea thiooxidans endophthalmitis and one of a few reports of human infection with this microbial agent.
Trends in Baby-Friendly® Care in the United States
Authors: Salera-Vieira Jean , Zembo Cynthia T.
Published: July 2016

The protection that breast-feeding affords both mother and infant against acute and chronic illness is well documented. The grassroots, public health, and governmental supports for breast-feeding have influenced changes in maternal and newborn care. History indicates that the additional influence has come in the form of governmental workshops and initiatives, professional organizations, as well as The Joint Commission. This includes the influence that the Baby-Friendly® Hospital Initiative and the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding have had on infant care throughout the years. The requirements that hospitals must follow to implement all, or some, of the Ten Steps lead to change in care that not only increases breast-feeding rates but also leads to health improvements. This article reviews how an upward trend in the adoption of Baby-Friendly practices to support breast-feeding impacts infant care.
Beyond Baby Steps
Authors: Sandlin Jean Kelso , Hinmon Dan
Published: July 2016

Nurses' use of online social networking sites, such as Facebook and Twitter, are increasing and with it the controversy surrounding the compatibility of social networking sites within a profession that values privacy and confidentiality. This article draws on case studies, experiments, surveys, and policies from professional organizations, academic research, and nursing education programs spanning the last 5 years to highlight best practices that address 2 critical areas where the values of the nursing profession and those of social media most directly collide: regulatory issues and the blurring of professional and personal online identities. It also suggests ways of using social media to complement patient outcomes and the professional development of nurses while remaining consistent with professional ethics and values.
Historical Trends in Neonatal Nursing
Authors: Kaye Spence
Published: July 2016

The focus of neonatal nursing has shifted from a highly technical approach to one of supportive interventions and a more individualized developmental approach. Developmental care is described as a philosophy of care that requires rethinking the relationships between infants, families, and healthcare professionals. Various models of developmental care exist; however, they all include a variety of activities designed to manage the environment and individualize the care provided to premature and/or sick infants.
Using an Informed Advocacy Framework to Advance the Practice of Family-Centered Care
Authors: Marcellus Lenora , MacKinnon Karen
Published: July 2016

The philosophical framework of family-centered care (FCC) has been promoted consistently since the 1980s in perinatal and neonatal settings as a gold standard approach for developing programs and providing care that supports the meaningful involvement of parents in the care of their infants and children. Recent literature suggests that despite years of promotion, FCC remains an elusive practice. Sources frequently state that FCC is based on principles of communication and empowerment, but the literature overall does not suggest substantial underlying philosophical or theoretical underpinnings. There have been theoretical advances in nursing and other disciplines that hold potential for moving our practice of FCC forward. In this article, we describe the informed advocacy framework and apply the framework to FCC.
Suspected Arterial Vasospasm in Femoro-Femoral Venoarterial Extracorporeal Life Support
Authors: Arroyo Diego , Bendjelid Karim , Robert-Ebadi Helia , Rigamonti Fabio , Siegenthaler Nils , Giraud Raphaël
Published: July 2016

Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is increasingly used worldwide in patients with life-threatening hemodynamic or respiratory conditions. The femoral venoarterial cannulation, whether percutaneous or surgical, is the simplest and quickest method; however, a number of vascular complications may occur. We present two cases in which, despite a well-placed reperfusion cannula in the superior femoral artery, apparent limb ischemia of the cannulated limb developed rapidly after ECLS implantation and was suspected to be caused by arterial vasospasm. Both cases were successfully managed with the injection of a vasodilator cocktail of verapamil, nitroglycerin, and lidocaine directly in the reperfusion cannula.