bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ancient Craton‐Wide Mid‐Lithosphere Discontinuity Controlled by Pargasite Channels
Authors: Sudholz Z. J. , Zhang P. , Eakin C. M. , Yaxley G. M. , Jaques A. L. , Frigo C. , Czarnota K.
Published: May 2024

The mechanisms governing a commonly observed seismic velocity drop in the cratonic lithosphere, referred to as the mid‐lithospheric discontinuity (MLD), have been widely debated. To identify the composition and seismic structure of MLDs, we have analyzed Sp receiver functions (SRF) and mantle xenocrysts for six regions across Australia. We utilize locations where seismic stations and kimberlite‐hosted mantle xenocrysts are both available, allowing for comparison between seismological and petrological constraints. Our results show negative SRF phases indicative of the MLD coincide with clinopyroxene‐depleted zones at 60–140 km depth. Clinopyroxenes with different chemical compositions across the MLD define a litho‐chemical discontinuity. Modeling and experimental data show that MLDs may be explained by modified lherzolite with 10%–20% modal pargasite. Pargasite MLDs may form when rising H2O‐bearing melts cross the amphibole dehydration curve and react with clinopyroxene in lherzolite. Because the amphibole dehydration curve is isobaric at 80–120 km, pargasite will be precipitated as horizontal channels.
Anterior cingulate cortex-related functional hyperconnectivity underlies sensory hypersensitivity in Grin2b-mutant mice
Authors: Lee Soowon , Jung Won Beom , Moon Heera , Im Geun Ho , Noh Young Woo , Shin Wangyong , Kim Yong Gyu , Yi Jee Hyun , Hong Seok Jun , Jung Yongwhan , Ahn Sunjoo , Kim Seong-Gi , Kim Eunjoon
Published: May 2024

Sensory abnormalities are observed in ~90% of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. GluN2B, an NMDA receptor subunit that regulates long-term depression and circuit refinement during brain development, has been strongly implicated in ASD, but whether GRIN2B mutations lead to sensory abnormalities remains unclear. Here, we report that Grin2b-mutant mice show behavioral sensory hypersensitivity and brain hyperconnectivity associated with the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Grin2b-mutant mice with a patient-derived C456Y mutation (Grin2bC456Y/+) show sensory hypersensitivity to mechanical, thermal, and electrical stimuli through supraspinal mechanisms. c-fos and functional magnetic resonance imaging indicate that the ACC is hyperactive and hyperconnected with other brain regions under baseline and stimulation conditions. ACC pyramidal neurons show increased excitatory synaptic transmission. Chemogenetic inhibition of ACC pyramidal neurons normalizes ACC hyperconnectivity and sensory hypersensitivity. These results suggest that GluN2B critically regulates ASD-related cortical connectivity and sensory brain functions.
Autism patient-derived SHANK2BY29X mutation affects the development of ALDH1A1 negative dopamine neuron
Authors: Lai Wanjing , Zhao Yingying , Chen Yalan , Dai Zhenzhu , Chen Ruhai , Niu Yimei , Chen Xiaoxia , Chen Shuting , Huang Guanqun , Shan Ziyun , Zheng Jiajun , Hu Yu , Chen Qingpei , Gong Siyi , Kang Sai , Guo Hui , Ma Xiaokuang , Song Youqiang , Xia Kun , Wang Jie , Zhou Libing , So Kwok-Fai , Wang Kai , Qiu Shenfeng , Zhang Li , Chen Jiekai , Shi Lingling
Published: May 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) encompasses a range of neurodevelopmental conditions. Different mutations on a single ASD gene contribute to heterogeneity of disease phenotypes, possibly due to functional diversity of generated isoforms. SHANK2, a causative gene in ASD, demonstrates this phenomenon, but there is a scarcity of tools for studying endogenous SHANK2 proteins in an isoform-specific manner. Here, we report a point mutation on SHANK2, which is found in a patient with autism, located on exon of the SHANK2B transcript variant (NM_133266.5), hereby SHANK2BY29X. This mutation results in an early stop codon and an aberrant splicing event that impacts SHANK2 transcript variants distinctly. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) carrying this mutation, from the patient or isogenic editing, fail to differentiate into functional dopamine (DA) neurons, which can be rescued by genetic correction. Available SMART-Seq single-cell data from human midbrain reveals the abundance of SHANK2B transcript in the ALDH1A1 negative DA neurons. We then show that SHANK2BY29X mutation primarily affects SHANK2B expression and ALDH1A1 negative DA neurons in vitro during early neuronal developmental stage. Mice knocked in with the identical mutation exhibit autistic-like behavior, decreased occupancy of ALDH1A1 negative DA neurons and decreased dopamine release in ventral tegmental area (VTA). Our study provides novel insights on a SHANK2 mutation derived from autism patient and highlights SHANK2B significance in ALDH1A1 negative DA neuron.
Simulated lunar microgravity transiently arrests growth and induces osteocyte-chondrocyte lineage differentiation in human Wharton’s jelly stem cells
Authors: Subramanian Arjunan , IP Chelsea Han Lin , Qin Wei , Liu Xiawen , W.D. Carter Sean , Oguz Gokce , Ramasamy Adaikalavan , E. Illanes Sebastian , Biswas Arijit , G. Perron Gabriel , L. Fee Erin , W. L. Li Sarah , K.Y. Seah Michelle , A. Choolani Mahesh , W. Kemp Matthew
Published: May 2024

Human Wharton’s jelly stem cells (hWJSCs) are multipotent stem cells that are extensively employed in biotechnology applications. However, the impact of simulated lunar microgravity (sμG) on the growth, differentiation, and viability of this cell population is incompletely characterized. We aimed to determine whether acute (72 h) exposure to sμG elicited changes in growth and lineage differentiation in hWJSCs and if putative changes were maintained once exposure to terrestrial gravity (1.0 G) was restored. hWJSCs were cultured under standard 1.0 G conditions prior to being passaged and cultured under sμG (0.16 G) using a random positioning machine. Relative to control, hWJSCs cultured under sμG exhibited marked reductions in growth but not viability. Cell population expression of characteristic stemness markers (CD 73, 90, 105) was significantly reduced under sμG conditions. hWJSCs had 308 significantly upregulated and 328 significantly downregulated genes when compared to 1.0 G culture conditions. Key markers of cell replication, including MKI67, were inhibited. Significant upregulation of osteocyte–chondrocyte lineage markers, including SERPINI1, MSX2, TFPI2, BMP6, COMP, TMEM119, LUM, HGF, CHI3L1 and SPP1, and downregulation of cell fate regulators, including DNMT1 and EZH2, were detected in sμG-exposed hWJSCs. When returned to 1.0 G for 3 days, sμG-exposed hWJSCs had accelerated growth, and expression of stemness markers increased, approaching normal (i.e. 95%) levels. Our data support earlier findings that acute sμG significantly reduces the cell division potential of hWJSCs and suggest that acute sμG-exposure induces reversible changes in cell growth accompanied by osteocyte–chondrocyte changes in lineage differentiation.
PacBio Hi-Fi genome assembly of Sipha maydis, a model for the study of multipartite mutualism in insects
Authors: Renoz François , Parisot Nicolas , Baa-Puyoulet Patrice , Gerlin Léo , Fakhour Samir , Charles Hubert , Hance Thierry , Calevro Federica
Published: May 2024

Dependence on multiple nutritional endosymbionts has evolved repeatedly in insects feeding on unbalanced diets. However, reference genomes for species hosting multi-symbiotic nutritional systems are lacking, even though they are essential for deciphering the processes governing cooperative life between insects and anatomically integrated symbionts. The cereal aphid Sipha maydis is a promising model for addressing these issues, as it has evolved a nutritional dependence on two bacterial endosymbionts that complement each other. In this study, we used PacBio High fidelity (HiFi) long-read sequencing to generate a highly contiguous genome assembly of S. maydis with a length of 410 Mb, 3,570 contigs with a contig N50 length of 187 kb, and BUSCO completeness of 95.5%. We identified 117 Mb of repetitive sequences, accounting for 29% of the genome assembly, and predicted 24,453 protein-coding genes, of which 2,541 were predicted enzymes included in an integrated metabolic network with the two aphid-associated endosymbionts. These resources provide valuable genetic and metabolic information for understanding the evolution and functioning of multi-symbiotic systems in insects.
The phased Solanum okadae genome and Petota pangenome analysis of 23 other potato wild relatives and hybrids
Authors: Achakkagari S. R. , Bozan I. , Camargo-Tavares J. C. , McCoy H. J. , Portal L. , Soto J. , Bizimungu B. , Anglin N. L. , Manrique-Carpintero N. , Lindqvist-Kreuze H. , Tai H. H. , Strömvik M. V.
Published: May 2024

Potato is an important crop in the genus Solanum section Petota. Potatoes are susceptible to multiple abiotic and biotic stresses and have undergone constant improvement through breeding programs worldwide. Introgression of wild relatives from section Petota with potato is used as a strategy to enhance the diversity of potato germplasm. The current dataset contributes a phased genome assembly for diploid S. okadae, and short read sequences and de novo assemblies for the genomes of 16 additional wild diploid species in section Petota that were noted for stress resistance and were of interest to potato breeders. Genome sequence data for three additional genomes representing polyploid hybrids with cultivated potato, and an additional genome from non-tuberizing S. etuberosum, which is outside of section Petota, were also included. High quality short reads assemblies were achieved with genome sizes ranging from 575 to 795 Mbp and annotations were performed utilizing transcriptome sequence data. Genomes were compared for presence/absence of genes and phylogenetic analyses were carried out using plastome and nuclear sequences.
A Dataset for Evaluating Contextualized Representation of Biomedical Concepts in Language Models
Authors: Rouhizadeh Hossein , Nikishina Irina , Yazdani Anthony , Bornet Alban , Zhang Boya , Ehrsam Julien , Gaudet-Blavignac Christophe , Naderi Nona , Teodoro Douglas
Published: May 2024

Due to the complexity of the biomedical domain, the ability to capture semantically meaningful representations of terms in context is a long-standing challenge. Despite important progress in the past years, no evaluation benchmark has been developed to evaluate how well language models represent biomedical concepts according to their corresponding context. Inspired by the Word-in-Context (WiC) benchmark, in which word sense disambiguation is reformulated as a binary classification task, we propose a novel dataset, BioWiC, to evaluate the ability of language models to encode biomedical terms in context. BioWiC comprises 20’156 instances, covering over 7’400 unique biomedical terms, making it the largest WiC dataset in the biomedical domain. We evaluate BioWiC both intrinsically and extrinsically and show that it could be used as a reliable benchmark for evaluating context-dependent embeddings in biomedical corpora. In addition, we conduct several experiments using a variety of discriminative and generative large language models to establish robust baselines that can serve as a foundation for future research.
Centrality dependency of proton, deuteron, and triton’s temperatures in Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV
Authors: Khan Imran , Qudus Abdul , Salouci Moustafa , Ismail Abd Haj
Published: May 2024

The transverse momentum (pT) spectra of protons (p), deuterons (d), and tritons (t) in 200 GeV gold–gold (Au + Au) collisions at RHIC are examined across a range of centrality bins using the Levy Tsallis (TS) statistical model. The model's predictions closely match the experimental results from PHENIX (p) and STAR (d and t) Collaborations. Kinetic freeze-out temperatures of hadrons are obtained from particle spectra. The results showed that the kinetic freeze-out temperature decreases as collisions move from center to the periphery. This work found mass-dependent kinetic freeze-out temperatures, heavier particles arrive to the freeze-out phase before lighter ones. Comparison with same data fitted by blast wave function with Tsallis statistics (BWTS) showed that T0 values are increasing from central to peripheral collisions, while in case of TS function (current analysis) it decreases. This behavior puts a question mark on the reliability of using such functions for temperature extraction.
Biosynthesized BiFe2O4@Ag nanoparticles mediated Scenedesmus obliquus induce apoptosis in AGS gastric cancer cell line
Authors: Shamsi Hossein , Yari Reza , Salehzadeh Ali
Published: May 2024

The use of magnetic metal nanoparticles has been considered in cancer treatment studies. In this study, BiFe2O4@Ag nanoparticles were synthesized biologically by Scenedesmus obliquus for the first time and their anticancer mechanism in a gastric cancer cell line was characterized. The physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles were evaluated by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and zeta potential analyses. Cell viability and nuclear damage were investigated by the MTT and Hoechst staining assays, respectively. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to determine the frequency of the necrotic and apoptotic cells as well as cell cycle analysis of the nanoparticles-treated cells. Physicochemical characterization showed that the synthesized particles were spherical, without impurities, in a size range of 38–83 nm, with DLS size and zeta potential of 295.7 nm and -27.7 mV, respectively. BiFe2O4@Ag nanoparticles were considerably more toxic for the gastric cancer cells (AGS cell line) than HEK293 normal cells with IC50 of 67 and 117 µg/ml, respectively. Treatment of AGS cells with the nanoparticles led to a remarkable increase in the percentage of late apoptosis (38.5 folds) and cell necrosis (13.4 folds) and caused cell cycle arrest, mainly at the S phase. Also, nuclear fragmentation and apoptotic bodies were observed in the gastric cancer cells treated with the nanoparticles. This study represents BiFe2O4@Ag as a novel anticancer candidate against gastric cancer that can induce cell apoptosis through DNA damage and inhibition of cell cycle progression.
Effective food waste management model for the sustainable agricultural food supply chain
Authors: Handayati Yuanita , Widyanata Chryshella
Published: May 2024

The extensive research examines the current state of agricultural food supply chains, with focus on waste management in Bandung Regency, Indonesia. The study reveals that a significant proportion of food within the agricultural supply chain goes to waste and discusses the various challenges and complexities involved in managing food waste. The research presents a conceptual model based on the ADKAR change management paradigm to promote waste utilization, increase awareness and change people's behaviors. The model emphasizes the importance of creating awareness, fostering desire, providing knowledge, implementing changes, and reinforcing and monitoring the transformation process. It also addresses the challenges, barriers, and drivers that influence waste utilization in the agricultural supply chain, highlighting the need for economic incentives and a shift in public awareness to drive meaningful change. Ultimately, this study serves as a comprehensive exploration of food waste management in Bandung Regency, shedding light on the complexities of the issue and offering a systematic approach to transition towards more sustainable waste utilization practices.
Estimating neutrosophic finite median employing robust measures of the auxiliary variable
Authors: Masood Saadia , Ibrar Bareera , Shabbir Javid , Shokri Ali , Movaheedi Zabihullah
Published: May 2024

Our study explores neutrosophic statistics, an extension of classical and fuzzy statistics, to address the challenges of data uncertainty. By leveraging accurate measurements of an auxiliary variable, we can derive precise estimates for the unknown population median. The estimators introduced in this research are particularly useful for analysing unclear, vague data or within the neutrosophic realm. Unlike traditional methods that yield single-valued outcomes, our estimators produce ranges, suggesting where the population parameter is likely to be. We present the suggested generalised estimator's bias and mean square error within a first-order approximation framework. The practicality and efficiency of these proposed neutrosophic estimators are demonstrated through real-world data applications and the simulated data set.
Evaluation of the relationship between body composition and dietary habits of physically active people with disabilities
Authors: Pelc Agnieszka , Walicka-Cupryś Katarzyna , Puszkarz Gabriela , Styś Kamila , Chmiel Elżbieta , Wilk Sebastian , Ludwikowski Grzegorz , Placek Katarzyna
Published: May 2024

Physical activity offers numerous physical and mental health benefits for individuals with disabilities, while nutrition plays a crucial role in maintaining bodily homeostasis. This study aimed to assess the relationship between body composition and dietary habits among physically active people with disabilities. Fifty-five participants aged 16 to 61, including 28 with disabilities and 27 without, were included in the study. The FFQ-6 questionnaire, Tanita body composition analyzer, and Stadiometer were utilized. No significant differences in BMI were observed between the two groups. However, individuals with disabilities showed higher body fat, metabolic age, or pulse values, whereas the control group exhibited higher muscle mass, muscle quality, body type, or bone mass. Participants with disabilities were more likely to consume vegetables (p = 0.004) and animal fats (p = 0.027), while those without disabilities were more inclined to consume fast food, instant products (p = 0.006), sweetened beverages (p < 0.001), and alcohol (p < 0.001). People with disabilities often have a higher percentage of body fat, cautioning against the consumption of processed fruits, dried fruits, fast food, and red meat. Conversely, in non-disabled individuals, frequent consumption of eggs, animal fats, sugar, and sweets is not recommended due to the potential for increased body fat, visceral fat, and higher BMI.
Development of a simple polymer-based sensor for detection of the Pirimicarb pesticide
Authors: Saadatidizaji Zahra , Sohrabi Negin , Mohammadi Reza
Published: May 2024

In this study, a sensitive and selective fluorescent chemosensor was developed for the determination of pirimicarb pesticide by adopting the surface molecular imprinting approach. The magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) nanocomposite was prepared using pirimicarb as the template molecule, CuFe2O4 nanoparticles, and graphene quantum dots as a fluorophore (MIP-CuFe2O4/GQDs). It was then characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The response surface methodology (RSM) was also employed to optimize and estimate the effective parameters of pirimicarb adsorption by this polymer. According to the experimental results, the average particle size and imprinting factor (IF) of this polymer are 53.61 nm and 2.48, respectively. Moreover, this polymer has an excellent ability to adsorb pirimicarb with a removal percentage of 99.92 at pH = 7.54, initial pirimicarb concentration = 10.17 mg/L, polymer dosage = 840 mg/L, and contact time = 6.15 min. The detection of pirimicarb was performed by fluorescence spectroscopy at a concentration range of 0–50 mg/L, and a sensitivity of 15.808 a.u/mg and a limit of detection of 1.79 mg/L were obtained. Real samples with RSD less than 2 were measured using this chemosensor. Besides, the proposed chemosensor demonstrated remarkable selectivity by checking some other insecticides with similar and different molecular structures to pirimicarb, such as diazinon, deltamethrin, and chlorpyrifos.
Molecular and SEM studies on Thaparocleidus vistulensis (Siwak, 1932) (Monopisthocotyla, Ancylodiscoididae)
Authors: Wan Sajiri Wan Muhammad Hazim , Székely Csaba , Molnár Kálmán , Kjeldgaard-Nintemann Sebastian , Kania Per Walter , Buchmann Kurt , Sellyei Boglárka
Published: May 2024

Presenting new molecular and scanning electron microscope (SEM) features, this study gives additional data to the better knowledge of Thaparocleidus vistulensis (Siwak, 1932) (Monopisthocotyla, Ancylodiscoididae), a parasite of the European catfish Silurus glanis Linnaeus, 1758 (Siluriformes, Siluridae) cultured in a commercial fish farm in Hungary. In addition, notes on the early development of sclerotized anchors are also provided. The main morphological difference of T. vistulensis compared to other congeneric species is associated with the male copulatory organ, which exhibits 5–7 loops in the middle of the penis length and a long open V-shaped sclerotized accessory piece, dividing terminally into two parts, securing the terminal part of the penis tube. The present study provides for the first time molecular characterization data based on the 2694 bp long nucleotide sequence of rDNA (ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2, and flanked with partial 18S and partial 28S) submitted in GenBank with the accession number OR916383. A phylogenetic tree based on ITS1 sequences supports a well-defined clade including T. vistulensis, forming a sister group with T. siluri, a species-specific monopisthocotylan parasite to S. glanis. The morphological characterization of T. vistulensis, especially for the male copulatory organ, together with the molecular data in the present study, extends knowledge about this monopisthocotylan species and provides new information for future phylogeny studies.
Deciphering mycobiota and its functional dynamics in root hairs of Rhododendron campanulatum D. Don through Next-gen sequencing
Authors: Khan Nafeesa Farooq , Ahmed Sheikh Sajad , Abdulraheem Mukhtar Iderawumi , Reshi Zafar Ahmad , Wahab Abdul , Abdi Gholamreza
Published: May 2024

The Himalayas provide unique opportunities for the extension of shrubs beyond the upper limit of the tree. However, little is known about the limitation of the biotic factors belowground of shrub growth at these cruising altitudes. To fill this gap, the present study deals with the documentation of root-associated microbiota with their predicted functional profiles and interactions in the host Rhododendron campanulatum, a krummholz species. While processing 12 root samples of R. campanulatum from the sites using Omics we could identify 134 root-associated fungal species belonging to 104 genera, 74 families, 39 orders, 17 classes, and 5 phyla. The root-associated microbiota members of Ascomycota were unambiguously dominant followed by Basidiomycota. Using FUNGuild, we reported that symbiotroph and pathotroph as abundant trophic modes. Furthermore, FUNGuild revealed the dominant prevalence of the saptroptroph guild followed by plant pathogens and wood saprotrophs. Alpha diversity was significantly different at the sites. The heatmap dendrogram showed the correlation between various soil nutrients and some fungal species. The study paves the way for a more in-depth exploration of unidentified root fungal symbionts, their interactions and their probable functional roles, which may serve as an important factor for the growth and conservation of these high-altitude ericaceous plants.
Characterization of PANoptosis-related genes and the immune landscape in moyamoya disease
Authors: Zhou Zhenyu , Wang Yanru , Zhang Junze , Liu Ziqi , Hao Xiaokuan , Wang Xilong , He Shihao , Wang Rong
Published: May 2024

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a cerebrovascular narrowing and occlusive condition characterized by progressive stenosis of the terminal portion of the internal carotid artery and the formation of an abnormal network of dilated, fragile perforators at the base of the brain. However, the role of PANoptosis, an apoptotic mechanism associated with vascular disease, has not been elucidated in MMD. In our study, a total of 40 patients’ genetic data were included, and a total of 815 MMD-related differential genes were screened, including 215 upregulated genes and 600 downregulated genes. Among them, DNAJA3, ESR1, H19, KRT18 and STK3 were five key genes. These five key genes were associated with a variety of immune cells and immune factors. Moreover, GSEA (gene set enrichment analysis) and GSVA (gene set variation analysis) showed that the different expression levels of the five key genes affected multiple signaling pathways associated with MMD. In addition, they were associated with the expression of MMD-related genes. Then, based on the five key genes, a transcription factor regulatory network was constructed. In addition, targeted therapeutic drugs against MMD-related genes were obtained by the Cmap drug prediction method: MST-312, bisacodyl, indirubin, and tropanyl-3,5-dimethylbenzoate. These results suggest that the PANoptosis-related genes may contribute to the pathogenesis of MMD through multiple mechanisms.
Effects of short-term moderate intensity exercise on the serum metabolome in older adults: a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wong Jie Jun , Ho Jien Sze , Teo Louis L. Y. , Wee Hai Ning , Chua Kee Voon , Ching Jianhong , Gao Fei , Tan Swee Yaw , Tan Ru-San , Kovalik Jean-Paul , Koh Angela S.
Published: May 2024

Background

We previously reported changes in the serum metabolome associated with impaired myocardial relaxation in an asymptomatic older community cohort. In this prospective parallel-group randomized control pilot trial, we subjected community adults without cardiovascular disease to exercise intervention and evaluated the effects on serum metabolomics.

Methods

Between February 2019 to November 2019, thirty (83% females) middle-aged adults (53 ± 4 years) were randomized with sex stratification to either twelve weeks of moderate-intensity exercise training (Intervention) (n = 15) or Control (n = 15). The Intervention group underwent once-weekly aerobic and strength training sessions for 60 min each in a dedicated cardiac exercise laboratory for twelve weeks (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03617653). Serial measurements were taken pre- and post-intervention, including serum sampling for metabolomic analyses.

Results

Twenty-nine adults completed the study (Intervention n = 14; Control n = 15). Long-chain acylcarnitine C20:2-OH/C18:2-DC was reduced in the Intervention group by a magnitude of 0.714 but increased in the Control group by a magnitude of 1.742 (mean difference −1.028 age-adjusted p = 0.004). Among Controls, alanine correlated with left ventricular mass index (r = 0.529, age-adjusted p = 0.018) while aspartate correlated with Lateral e’ (r = −764, age-adjusted p = 0.016). C20:3 correlated with E/e’ ratio fold-change in the Intervention group (r = −0.653, age-adjusted p = 0.004). Among Controls, C20:2/C18:2 (r = 0.795, age-adjusted p = 0.005) and C20:2-OH/C18:2-DC fold-change (r = 0.742, age-adjusted p = 0.030) correlated with change in E/A ratio.

Conclusions

Corresponding relationships between serum metabolites and cardiac function in response to exercise intervention provided pilot observations. Future investigations into cellular fuel oxidation or central carbon metabolism pathways that jointly impact the heart and related metabolic systems may be critical in preventive trials.
Time-resolved keto–enol tautomerization of the medicinal pigment curcumin
Authors: Leung Mandy H. M. , Addicoat Matthew A. , Lincoln Stephen F. , Metha Gregory F. , Kee Tak W.
Published: May 2024

The keto-enol–diketo tautomerization of curcumin is catalysed by an ordered arrangement of surrounding water molecules.
Flexible fluorinated graphite foils with high contents of the (C2F)n phase for slow neutron reflectors
Authors: Henry Killian , Colin Marie , Chambery Gabin , Vigolo Brigitte , Cahen Sébastien , Hérold Claire , Nesvizhevsky Valery , Le Floch Sylvie , Pischedda Vittoria , Chen Sam , Dubois Marc
Published: May 2024

In order to prepare self-standing and flexible slow neutron reflectors made with graphite fluoride (GF) with high contents of the (C2F)n structural phase, graphite foils of different thicknesses were used as starting materials for gas (F2)/solid fluorination.
Nano-crystallites of a ruthenium(iii) violurate complex: synthesis, characterization, PXRD and DFT structural analysis. DNA/HSA-binding, antiviral activity against COVID-19 and molecular docking study
Authors: Alhadhrami Abdulrahman
Published: May 2024

A bis-(violurate)-based ruthenium(iii) complex was synthesized in a pure form as nano-crystallites.
Nanoflower-shaped MXene-based field-effect transistor capable of ultrasensitive microRNA-21 determination towards efficient lung cancer diagnosis
Authors: Ge Qiao , Li Chao , Fan Zhenkai , Xia Bing , Zang Chao , Chen Liwei , Zhao Chengling , Sang Haiwei , Wang Ansheng
Published: May 2024

We introduced a MXene-based field-effect transistor (FET) biosensor with nano-flower morphology for ultrasensitive determination of miR-21, a crucial biomarker in lung cancer diagnosis.
An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-functionalized xanthene fluorescent probe for naked-eye detection of Hg2+ and its application in cell imaging and test strips
Authors: Han Xu-Hong , Zhao Piao , Tang Meng-Ke , Yang Lei , Wang Qing , Zhang Shu-Sheng
Published: May 2024

A fluorescent probe was synthesized with high pH tolerance and was made into test strips for Hg2+ detection in water samples.
Rationally designed protein A surface molecularly imprinted magnetic nanoparticles for the capture and detection of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Narula Kritika , Rajpal Soumya , Bhakta Snehasis , Kulanthaivel Senthilguru , Mishra Prashant
Published: May 2024

Staphyloccus aureus (S. aureus) capture and detection using protein A surface imprinted magnetic nanoparticles.
Feminization of poverty: an analysis of multidimensional poverty among rural women in China
Authors: Li Na , He Mang
Published: May 2024

Few studies from an individual perspective have analyzed the multidimensional poverty of rural women in China. Therefore, based on the CFPS data from 2010 to 2020 and the Alkire-Foster approach, this study built a six-dimensional system to portray the status of multidimensional poverty among rural women. The overall comparisons found that rural women were more likely to be multidimensional poor than other subgroups. And the results of rural women showed significant demographic and spatio-temporal differences. That is, older rural women were more deprived than younger rural women. Rural women with spouses or confidence were less deprived than those without spouses or confidence, respectively. From the spatial perspective, the censored headcount ratios of rural women in descending order were Western Region, Central Region and Eastern Region. From the temporal perspective, the risk of rural women’s multidimensional poverty decreased significantly from 2010 to 2020. The importance of non-material indicators was gradually becoming prominent, including education, health and subjective wellbeing. The conclusions can contribute to the development of policies, even if some limitations need to be further improved.
A quinoline derivative-based supramolecular gel for fluorescence ‘turn-off’ detection of Fe3+ and Cu2+
Authors: Fu Shuaishuai , Wu Shang , Liu Jutao , Wang Jiajia , Tian Shuo , Zhang Guangwu , Yin Fenping , Sun Yuzhi , Zhang Ping , Yang Quanlu
Published: May 2024

In this research, we synthesized and constructed a novel gelator (named QN) combining quinoline and naphthalene that self-assembled in N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) to form a stable supramolecular gel (named OQN). Under UV light, gel OQN exhibited extremely bright yellow fluorescence. The gel OQN showed excellent sensing performance for both Fe3+ and Cu2+, with a fluorescence ‘turn-off’ detection mechanism and the lowest detection limit of 7.58 × 10−8 M and 1.51 × 10−8 M, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, x-ray powder diffraction (XRD), rheological measurements, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to characterize the gel OQN. The OQN ion-responsive membrane created is an excellent fluorescent writing material.
Reflecting on Reflection in Clinical Social Work: Unsettling a Key Social Work Strategy
Authors: Occhiuto Katherine , Tarshis Sarah , Todd Sarah , Gheorghe Ruxandra
Published: May 2024

This study calls into question some of assumptions within social work education and practice regarding the transformational potential of reflection-on-practice. Participants (n = 34) in this simulation-based study each engaged in two clinically focused simulations, each followed by an interview which included observing segments of their video-recorded simulations. The objectives of this study are to make some sense of the misalignments between participants’ post-simulation reflections of their practice behaviours, and the practice behaviours observed by the research team, and later by participants themselves. Findings illustrate that: (i) how clients and the session are understood in the moment can be different than how they are understood post-client engagement; (ii) reflections of practice behaviours can be tied to how individuals want to be, which are not necessarily aligned with how they are in the moment; and (iii) reflections are intertwined with awareness of oneself. These results identify some of the limitations of individualised reflective activities, and demonstrate the powerful potential of collective reflection on recordings of simulations to challenge memory distortions, retrospective biases and to promote greater accountability to ourselves as social workers, and to those we work with.
Long-term fieldwork in Brazil helps to unravel the diversity and evolution of the Neotropical Olyreae (Poaceae: Bambusoideae): an unexpected new and threatened genus in Parianinae
Authors: Oliveira Reyjane P , Ferreira Fabrício M , Oliveira Iasmin L C , Dórea Marcos C , Lima Jamile F , Clark Lynn G , Welker Cassiano A D
Published: May 2024

Fieldwork has historically increased knowledge about plant biodiversity in Brazil, including the herbaceous bamboos (grass tribe Olyreae), which is almost exclusive to the Neotropical region. Several new species and three new genera from both Atlantic and Amazonian forests were described from this tribe in the past 15 years. Our recent collections in the central region of Espírito Santo state revealed two distinct populations of a sterile but probably undescribed species similar to members of Eremitis in the subtribe Parianinae (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Olyreae). Only after recollection did we find plants with synflorescences, which turned out to be very similar to members of Parianella. We investigated the macro- and micromorphology of those specimens and estimated the phylogenetic placement of type collection based on two plastid markers, which recovered it as an independent lineage sister to the Pariana + Eremitis clade. We herein describe this entity as the new genus Aemulanthus and the new species Aemulanthus decumbens, distinguishable mainly by the presence of spiciform synflorescences on decumbent culms composed of monomorphic gynaecandrous whorls, with long laminar pedicels in the male spikelets, also using information given by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the leaf blades. Aemulanthus is endemic to central Espírito Santo state, Brazil, and is considered Critically Endangered (CR) following IUCN guidelines. The description of this new genus increases our understanding of the diversity and evolution within this group. It also reinforces the need to preserve local floras, which can be important resources for knowledge about and conservation of Neotropical forests.
Stem anatomy: development of included and intraxylary phloem in Barleria species (Acanthaceae) occurring in India
Authors: Patil Suraj S , Ramoliya Dhara G , Gondaliya Amit D , Raole Vinay M , Rajput Kishore S , Lekhak Manoj M
Published: May 2024

Barleria is known for its different growth forms such as herbs, shrubs, climbers, and rarely trees that show a wide range of variation in wood structure. We investigated the Indian species of Barleria and observed that all are characterized by the presence of included and intraxylary phloem. Included phloem is the strand of sieve elements embedded within the secondary xylem and is believed to perform the same general function as regular phloem (i.e. photosynthate transport). Internal/intraxylary phloem comprises sieve elements that are formed on the periphery of the pith. In the present investigation, a complete study of the stem anatomy of 36 taxa (29 species, one subspecies, two varieties, and four forms) of Indian Barleria species along with two outgroups (Crossandra infundibuliformis and Petalidium barlerioides) was carried out. This is the first comprehensive study on Indian Barleria and could be used for identification of species in the genus. Differences in the outline of stem and pith, the composition of the secondary xylem, variation in the number of the sieve elements within the included phloem islands, septation in fibres, fibre cell wall thickening, and ray types can be used for species delimitation. The present study revealed that depending on species, vessel elements were angular or oval, having a short tail at one end and a long tail on the other end, a short tail on both ends, a long tail on both ends, or without a tail. Among the species investigated, no consistency was observed in the secondary xylem rays. They were mostly uni- to biseriate in some species while in the remaining species they were uni- to multiseriate.
Hippocampal aggregation signatures of pathogenic UBQLN2 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Thumbadoo Kyrah M , Dieriks Birger V , Murray Helen C , Swanson Molly E V , Yoo Ji Hun , Mehrabi Nasim F , Turner Clinton , Dragunow Michael , Faull Richard L M , Curtis Maurice A , Siddique Teepu , Shaw Christopher E , Newell Kathy L , Henden Lyndal , Williams Kelly L , Nicholson Garth A , Scotter Emma L
Published: May 2024

Pathogenic variants in the UBQLN2 gene cause X-linked dominant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and/or frontotemporal dementia characterized by ubiquilin 2 aggregates in neurons of the motor cortex, hippocampus and spinal cord. However, ubiquilin 2 neuropathology is also seen in sporadic and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and/or frontotemporal dementia cases not caused by UBQLN2 pathogenic variants, particularly C9orf72-linked cases. This makes the mechanistic role of mutant ubiquilin 2 protein and the value of ubiquilin 2 pathology for predicting genotype unclear. Here we examine a cohort of 44 genotypically diverse amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases with or without frontotemporal dementia, including eight cases with UBQLN2 variants [resulting in p.S222G, p.P497H, p.P506S, p.T487I (two cases) and p.P497L (three cases)].

Using multiplexed (five-label) fluorescent immunohistochemistry, we mapped the co-localization of ubiquilin 2 with phosphorylated TDP-43, dipeptide repeat aggregates and p62 in the hippocampus of controls (n = 6), or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with or without frontotemporal dementia in sporadic (n = 20), unknown familial (n = 3), SOD1-linked (n = 1), FUS-linked (n = 1), C9orf72-linked (n = 5) and UBQLN2-linked (n = 8) cases.

We differentiate between (i) ubiquilin 2 aggregation together with phosphorylated TDP-43 or dipeptide repeat proteins; and (ii) ubiquilin 2 self-aggregation promoted by UBQLN2 pathogenic variants that cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and/or frontotemporal dementia. Overall, we describe a hippocampal protein aggregation signature that fully distinguishes mutant from wild-type ubiquilin 2 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with or without frontotemporal dementia, whereby mutant ubiquilin 2 is more prone than wild-type to aggregate independently of driving factors.

This neuropathological signature can be used to assess the pathogenicity of UBQLN2 gene variants and to understand the mechanisms of UBQLN2-linked disease.
Atopic dermatitis is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases: a large-scale, propensity-score matched US-based retrospective study
Authors: Zirpel Henner , Ständer Sascha , Frączek Alicja , Olbrich Henning , Ludwig Ralf J , Thaçi Diamant
Published: May 2024

Background

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease characterized by intense itch, and impacting heavily on patients’ and caregivers’ quality of life. Its clinical presentation is accompanied by a variety of comorbidities associated with type 2 inflammation, such as asthma, hay fever and food allergies. However, current data on cardiovascular comorbidities are inconsistent.

Objectives

To identify the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in patients with AD.

Methods

Data from electronic health records of 1 070 965 patients with AD and equally distributed propensity-score matched controls were retrieved from the US Collaborative Network, part of the federated TriNetX network. Hazard ratios (HRs) for the risk of onset of CVDs with a prevalence of ≥ 1% in both cohorts within 20 years after diagnosis were determined.

Results

In total, 55 CVDs belonging to 8 major cardiovascular groups were identified. Of those, 53 diagnoses displayed a significantly increased risk in patients with AD. Different diagnoses of heart failure and heart disease were found most often, followed by valve insufficiencies, arrhythmia, tachycardia, atrial fibrillation and flutter, but also major adverse cardiovascular events and venous thromboembolism. The highest HRs were displayed by the individual diagnoses of venous insufficiency, atherosclerosis of native arteries of the extremities, and unspecified diastolic (congestive) heart failure.

Conclusions

AD is associated with an increased risk for multiple CVDs.
Exploring the association between isotretinoin and sexual dysfunction: a comprehensive scoping review
Authors: Tan Eugene , Kennedy Harriet , Rademaker Marius
Published: May 2024

Background

A potential link between isotretinoin and sexual dysfunction has been reported in various studies. However, such an association has not been explored within the context of a literature review until now.

Objectives

To evaluate the methodology and quality of studies investigating this association, and to examine the definitions of sexual dysfunction used.

Methods

A scoping review approach was used to identify peer-reviewed research articles. The search terms used were ‘isotretinoin’, ‘sexual dysfunction’, ‘erectile dysfunction’, ‘ejaculatory disorders’, ‘decreased libido’, ‘female sexual interest’, ‘female arousal disorder’, ‘libido’, ‘pelvic pain’, ‘dyspareunia’, ‘orgasmic disorder’, ‘impotence’, ‘ovaries’, ‘fertility’ and ‘menstrual irregularity’.

Results

In total, 55 peer-reviewed manuscripts were included, consisting of 8 animal studies and 46 human studies with 2420 patients. Of the studies in humans, there were 18 case reports or case series, 2 case–control studies, 4 cross-sectional studies, 6 longitudinal studies, 3 pharmacovigilance reports and 13 cohort studies. The most frequently observed dose range of isotretinoin was 0.5–1.0 mg kg−1 per day, usually for a duration of 1–6 months. More than half of the studies (54%, n = 25) reported a beneficial or neutral effect of isotretinoin on sexual function. The majority of studies (89%, n = 41) were categorized as Oxford Evidenced-Based Medicine level 4.

Conclusions

This scoping review revealed very weak evidence supporting a link between isotretinoin and sexual dysfunction. Notably, the diverse definitions of sexual dysfunction pose a significant challenge for comparative analysis. The authors advocate for a standardized definition of sexual dysfunction and a framework for determining causality in order to contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between isotretinoin and sexual dysfunction.
Emergence of hair nodules after pregnancy
Authors: Jensen Mikkel Bak , Rosager Ann Mari , Svendsen Mathias Tiedemann
Published: May 2024

We present the clinical case of a 39-year-old woman diagnosed with acquired trichorrhexis nodosa (TN). This hair condition is characterized by irregular nodular formations along the hair shaft, leading to fragility and breakage. This case is notable for its association with pregnancy, expanding the understanding of the aetiology of TN beyond the traditionally recognized chemical and physical causes. The study emphasizes the psychosocial impact of hair shaft abnormalities and the importance of accurate diagnosis and compassionate patient care.
Cumulative Tenofovir Exposure Among Patients With HIV/Hepatitis B Coinfection With Differential Viral Suppression
Authors: Zhang Helen L , Mock Meredith , Bushman Lane , Anderson Peter L , Kiser Jennifer J , Naggie Susanna
Published: May 2024

This case-control study explored cumulative tenofovir exposure among patients with human immunodeficiency virus/hepatis B virus (HIV/HBV) coinfection with HIV viral suppression. Among patients taking tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, median TFV-DP levels in dried blood spots were ∼3-fold lower among patients with incomplete HBV viral suppression (n = 4) compared to those with complete suppression (n = 5) (516 vs 1456 fmol/punch).
Long-Acting Injectable Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine in a Pregnant Woman With HIV
Authors: van der Wekken-Pas Lena , Weiss Fabian , Simon-Zuber Charlotte , Sebisch Rena , Wiese Carmen , van Leeuwen Elisabeth , Burger David , Colbers Angela
Published: May 2024

This case report describes the effects of bimonthly long-acting injectable cabotegravir (CAB)/RPV before and throughout pregnancy. CAB concentrations were comparable to those in nonpregnant individuals; RPV concentrations were 70%–75% lower. No virologic failure or vertical transmission occurred. Despite placental transfer, no congenital malformations were noted. Bimonthly long-acting injectable CAB/RPV may not be suitable for pregnant women, and monitoring of exposed infants is warranted.
Colony identity clues for Syntermes grandis (Blattodea: Termitidae) individuals using near-infrared spectroscopy and PLS-DA approach
Authors: Santos Alexandre dos , Santos Isabel Carolina Lima dos , Mendonça Paula Maria de Souza , Santos Juliana Cristina dos , Zanuncio Antonio José Vinha , Zanuncio José Cola , Zanetti Ronald
Published: May 2024

Termites are social insects with high species diversity in tropical ecosystems. Multivariate analysis with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and data interpretation can separate social insects belonging to different colonies of the same species. The objective of this study was to propose the use of discriminant analysis by partial least squares (PLS-DA) combined with NIRS to identify the colonial origin of the Syntermes grandis (Rambur, 1842) (Blattodea: Termitidae) in 2 castes. Six ground S. grandis colonies were identified and mapped; 30 workers and 30 soldier termites in each colony were submitted to spectral measurement with NIRS. PLS-DA applied to the termites’ spectral absorbance was used to detect a spectral pattern per S. grandis colony by caste. PLS-DA regression with NIRS proved to be an approach with 99.9% accuracy for identifying the colonial origin of S. grandis workers and 98.3% for soldiers. The methodology showed the importance of qualitatively characterizing the colonial phenotypic response of this species. NIRS is a high-precision approach to identifying the colony origin of S. grandis workers and soldiers. The PLS-DA can be used to design ecological field studies to identify colony territorial competition and foraging behavior of subterranean termite species.