bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The carbon cycle of southeast Australia during 2019-2020: Drought, fires and subsequent recovery
Authors: Byrne Brendan , Liu Junjie , Lee Meemong , Yin Yi , Bowman Kevin , Miyazaki Kazuyuki , Norton Alexander , Joiner Joanna , Pollard David , Griffith David , Velazco Voltaire , Deutscher Nicholas , Jones Nicholas , Paton-Walsh Clare
Published: May 2021

2019 was the hottest and driest year on record for southeast Australia leading to bushfires of unprecedented extent. Ecosystem carbon losses due to drought and fire are believed to have been substantial, but have not been well quantified. Here, we utilize space-based measurements of trace gases (TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument XCO, Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 XCO2) and up-scaled GPP (FluxSat GPP) to quantify the carbon cycle anomalies resulting from drought and fire in southeast Australia during the 2019–2020 growing season. We find that biomass burning released 113–236 TgC of CO2 while drought and fire-induced anomalies in net ecosystem exchange reduced growing season carbon uptake by an additional 19–52 TgC of CO2. These carbon losses were concentrated during the spring and early summer, when hot-dry conditions were most severe. A shift to cooler conditions with above average rainfall during February is found to result in a partial recovery and greening in unburned ecosystems, but not in fire-impacted areas. The net 2019–2020 carbon loss substantially exceeded interannual variations in net uptake over 2010–2019 estimated from top-down constraints (~5σ anomaly), and exceeded Australia’s annual fossil fuel emissions (~104 TgC year−1). Top-down constraints show that the regional carbon budget is strongly regulated by climate variability, and suggest cool–wet conditions are required for a rapid recovery of carbon stocks. This has implications for the regional carbon budget as more frequent climate-change-driven heat and drought events may increase the frequency of fire events and the recovery time of ecosystems, threatening the carbon stocks of the region.
Mapping methane point emissions with the PRISMA spaceborne imaging spectrometer
Authors: Guanter Luis , Irakulis-Loitxate Itziar , Gorroño Javier , Sánchez-García Elena , Cusworth Daniel , Cogliati Sergio , Colombo Roberto , Varon Daniel
Published: May 2021

The detection of methane emissions from fossil fuel production activities, such as oil and gas extraction and coal mining, has been identified as a key means for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere. Several types of optical satellite sensors have recently been shown to be instrumental for this task. Spaceborne imaging spectrometers belong to this group. These instruments measure the solar radiation reflected by the Earth in hundreds of spectral channels in the 400-2500 nm spectral range with a typical spectral resolution of 10 nm and a spatial resolution of 30 m. The Italian PRISMA mission is the first system of this type providing data openly to the international scientific community. In this work, we evaluate the potential of PRISMA for methane mapping. Our retrieval of methane concentration enhancements is based on a matched-filter based algorithm applied to the 2300 nm spectral region containing methane absorption bands. We perform a simulation-based sensitivity analysis to assess the retrieval performance for different sites. The impact on the retrieval of uncertainties in PRISMA's spectral response and of different illumination conditions has also been evaluated. We find that brightness and homogeneity of the surface are major drivers for the detection and quantification of methane plumes with PRISMA, with precision errors ranging from 61 to 197 ppb in the evaluated images. The potential of PRISMA for methane mapping is further illustrated by real plume detections at different methane hotspot regions, including oil and gas extraction fields in Algeria, Turkmenistan, and the Permian Basin (USA) as well as the coal mines in the Shanxi region in China. Our study reports several important findings regarding the potential and limitations of PRISMA for methane mapping, most of which can be extrapolated to upcoming satellite imaging spectroscopy missions.
From hallucinations to synaesthesia: a circular inference account of unimodal and multimodal erroneous percepts in clinical and drug-induced psychosis
Authors: Leptourgos Pantelis , Bouttier Vincent , Deneve Sophie , Jardri Renaud
Published: May 2021

Psychedelics are known to distort perception and induce visual and multimodal hallucinations as well as synaesthesia. This is in contradiction with the high prevalence of distressing voices in schizophrenia. Here we introduce a unifying account of unimodal and multimodal erroneous percepts based on circular inference. We show that amplification of top-down predictions (descending loops) leads to an excessive reliance on priors and aberrant levels of integration of the sensory representations, resulting in crossmodal percepts and stronger illusions. By contrast, amplification of bottom-up information (ascending loops) results in overinterpretation of unreliable sensory inputs and high levels of segregation between sensory modalities, bringing about unimodal hallucinations and reduced vulnerability to illusions. We delineate a canonical microcircuit in which layer-specific inhibition controls the propagation of information across hierarchical levels: inhibitory interneurons in the deep layers exert control over priors, removing descending loops. Conversely, inhibition in the supragranular layers counterbalances the effects of the ascending loops. Overall, we put forward a multiscale and transnosographic account of psychosis with important theoretical, conceptual and clinical implications.
Loneliness in Gender- and Sexual Orientation-Diverse Adolescents: Measurement Invariance Analyses and Between-Group Comparisons
Authors: McDanal Riley , Schleider Jessica L. , Fox Kathryn , Eaton Nicholas R
Published: May 2021

Youth loneliness is a risk factor for myriad adverse psychosocial outcomes, making it a potentially informative construct for assessment and treatment research. Minority stressors may place LGBTQ+ youths at high risk for loneliness. However, the prevalence of loneliness across gender and sexual identities cannot be precisely estimated or compared without establishing that common measures assess the construct equivalently across groups. In a preregistered study, we determined the optimal structure of the UCLA Loneliness Scale and investigated whether it showed invariance across gender and sexual identities in a national U.S. sample of adolescents with elevated depressive symptoms (N=2,431; https://osf.io/52ctd). Results supported strict invariance, indicating that loneliness scores can be meaningfully compared across groups in this sample. Exploratory analyses indicated that loneliness levels and LGBTQ+ identity predicted levels of depression and anxiety. We discuss implications for research on loneliness, health disparities, and psychopathology in high-symptom youths.
Motivation of Higher Education Faculty: Theoretical Approaches, Empirical Evidence, and Future Directions
Authors: Daumiller Martin , Stupnisky Robert , Janke Stefan
Published: May 2021

We explore and elaborate on four questions to inspire future research on faculty motivation. The first question asks why we should be concerned with the motivations of higher education faculty in the first place, particularly in regard to studying them empirically? Moreover, if re-search on higher education faculty motivation is important, why is it still rather underdevel-oped? Building on this, considering the plethora of motivation frameworks, we wondered which theories apply well to faculty members and how they align with one another? Finally, what should thorough international research on faculty motivation entail? This question encom-passes a search for solutions on what could be done to broaden the scope of this important line research.
How Goals Erase Framing Effects in Risky Decision Making
Authors: Marbacher Laura , Jarecki Jana Bianca , Rieskamp Jörg
Published: May 2021

Evidence has shown that goals systematically change risk preferences in repeated decisions under risk. For instance, decision makers could aim to reach goals in a limited time, such as “making at least $1000 with ten stock investments within a year.” We test whether goal-based risky decisions differ when facing gains as compared to losses. More specifically, we examine the impact of outcome framing (gains vs. losses) and state framing (positive vs. negative resource states) on goal-based risky decisions. Our results (N=100) reveal no framing effects; instead, we find a consistently strong effect of the goal on risk preferences independent of framing. Computational modeling showed that a dynamic version of prospect theory, with a goal-dependent reference point, described 87% of participants best. This model treats outcomes as gains and losses depending on the state-goal distance. Our results show how goals can erase standard framing effects observed in risky choices without goals.
Telehealth: technological, legal, and ethical issues
Authors:   INION RAN, Ivanova Angelina
Published: May 2021

The use of telehealth is an increasingly common avenue for providing clinical care, performing research and conducting public health interventions. However, with the growth of telecommunication technologies, healthcare professionals have encountered an emerging new set of ethical and legal issues relating to the doctor-patient relationship, standarts, privacy, cost and liability. This article explores the main benefits and challenges that come with growth of telehealth.
Actual aspects of digitalization of Russian education
Authors: Strelkova Irina
Published: May 2021

The current trend of socio-economic development is digitalization, which affects all spheres of the economy and society, including education. The article examines the features of digitalization of the Russian education system, notes the contradictory nature of the changes especially related to the introduction of digital technologies. The risks of introducing distance education, including for consumers of educational services, are identified. The author emphasizes the lack of elaboration of legal norms for effective regulation of the process of digitalization of Russian education. The scientific validity and economic feasibility of the implemented format of digitalization of Russian education and possible consequences of its transformation are evaluated.
“Neural art” as the subject of copyright. (Review)
Authors: Ishutin Alexander
Published: May 2021

In recent years, specialized media have increasingly focused on the so – called “neural creativity” – works created by special algorithms. The digitalization of art is becoming more widespread, and objects created by neural networks are popular and even sold by such well-known auction houses as Christie's. However, the legal status of such “works” has not yet been determined, as well as the question of who is their author. This review examines Russian and foreign legislation and doctrine on how copyright should resolve the issues raised.
Society and technology: opportunities and risks of co-evolutionary development. (Review)
Authors:   INION RAN, Kodaneva Svetlana
Published: May 2021

Digital technologies have become an integral part of our lives, transforming not only the technological sphere, but also society as a whole. Thus, there is a coevolution-mutually conditioned changes in technology and society. In December 2020, a conference was held to discuss the key issues of co-evolution of technology and society in the context of the digital age. It was organized by the Moscow Power Engineering Institute and the Institute of Scientific Information on Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences. This review presents the issues raised in the framework of this conference.
Deklarowany etos nauki polskich uczelni
Authors: Czakon Tomasz
Published: May 2021

Zmieniają się zasady funkcjonowania nauki, zmieniają się wyobrażenia o jej etycznie akceptowanym modelu. Badacze zajmujący się tymi przemianami twierdzą, że następuje odejście od etosu nauki akademickiej do etosu nauki przemysłowej, „korporacyjnej”. W uchwalonej w 2018 roku przez Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej nowej ustawie o szkolnictwie wyższym i nauce znacząco inaczej uregulowano funkcjonowanie szkół wyższych. Podstawowym celem artykułu było zbadanie etosu naukowego w Polsce, badania zostały oparte na tekstach nowych statutów przyjętych przez senaty polskich uczelni. W tych dokumentach wyszukano wartości i deklaracje, które wyrażają przekonania władz uczelni o tym, jaki model nauki jest najważniejszy. W badaniach porównaniu poddano dwie grupy uczelni: uczelnie, które uzyskały status uczelni badawczych, oraz uczelnie z Górnośląsko-Zagłębiowskiej Metropolii. Próbowano uzyskać odpowiedzi na pytania: 1) Jakie wartości tworzą deklarowany etos nauki?; 2) Jaka jest ich hierarchia?; 3) W jakim zakresie etosy nauki w obu grupach uczelni są podobne?; 4) Czy etosy nauki zapisane w nowych statutach różnią się od tych, które uczelnie deklarowały wcześniej? W badaniu zastosowano analizę treści dokumentów.  Jak pokazują wyniki badań, etos nauki ulega zmianie, a zestaw deklarowanych w analizowanym materiale wartości jest bogaty i zróżnicowany.
„Osoba podejrzana”, „podejrzany” i „oskarżony” w polskim procesie karnym – zakres pojęciowy
Authors: Kucharczyk Mariusz
Published: May 2021

The subject of this article is nomenclatural interpretation of the notions of “a person of interest”, “a suspect” and “a defendant” in Polish Code of Criminal Procedure – the parties in criminal proceedings who are suspected of committing a crime or who are charged with a crime. The article discusses the legal definitions of the word “suspect” according to Article 71 § 1 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (i.e. a person against whom a statement of objections has been issued and a person who has been charged on the grounds of examination of the person in question as a suspect) as well as the word “defendant” according to Article 71 § 2 and 3 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (sensu stricto and sensu largo). Moreover, the article provides an overview of the available definitions of “a suspect” and “a person of interest” – parties named directly in the Code of Criminal Procedure. In addition to that, the article discusses the notion of “actual suspect” (whose definition and understanding varies in the doctrine), which emerged from the previously effective Code of Criminal Procedure. The article analyses the legal standing of such an “actual suspect” in the context of Article 233 § 1a of the Criminal Code (a regulation which is considered potentially unconstitutional). While discussing the figure of the “suspect”, the author analyzes terms such as “issuing” and “preparation” – in connection with Article 71 § 1 and 313 § 1 of the Criminal Code and the lack of agreement within the discipline regarding the precise time at which the statement of objections has been issued (which is connected with obtaining the position of the passive party to proceedings in criminal procedure).Moreover, the article discusses in some detail the legal standing of a person against which a motion has been presented, according to Article 354 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, regarding the discontinuation of proceedings and issuing preventive measures protecting the person of an insane perpetrator – in the context of nomenclature.
Zgoda na korzystanie z aparatu telefonicznego przez tymczasowo aresztowanego w świetle rozporządzenia Ministra Sprawiedliwości z dnia 22 grudnia 2016 roku
Authors: Florek Aleksandra
Published: May 2021

The present work discusses the problems associated with the limiting of the rights of a temporarily arrested person in the light of the regulation of the minister of justice issued on 22 December 2016. In the statutory act of law, i.e. the provision Art. 217 c §2 kkw, the legislator regulated the substantive limitations associated with the use of a phone by the person who was temporarily arrested. However, the solutions contained in the regulation of the minister of justice which was instituted, and more specifically §25 of this document, introduce substantive limitations. As a consequence, a situation is brought about in which the rights of an individual are limited in a lower-order legal act, which infringes the constitutional values of a state of law. Moreover, the article presents an interpretation of the provisions Art. 217 §2 kkw and §317 of the regulations of the minister of justice issued on 23 December 2015 – The rules and regulations of the operation of the courts of law and §190 of the regulations of the minister of justice issued on 7 April 2016 – The rules and regulations of the internal operation of the common organisational units of the public prosecution service.
„Owoce zatrutego drzewa” z perspektywy oskarżyciela publicznego w aspekcie konstytucyjnych podstaw procesu karnego
Authors: Krasoń Mariusz
Published: May 2021

The problems of the so-called poisonous tree in the course of the preliminary legal proceedings appear and continue to appear basically in every individual instance of the evaluation of the body of evidence submitted to the public prosecutor’s department. The task of the public prosecutor’s department has to do inter alia with the keeping of law and order and the supervision of the prosecution of crime. This task is realised by the supervision of the consistency of the preliminary legal proceedings with the law, and the initialisation and the performance of operational-examination activities by law enforcement organs in the scope of activities which is stipulated in the acts of law which regulate the organisation and the object of activities of these organs. The supervision which was indicated should be realised in an in-depth, comprehensive and substantive manner. Within the framework of the evaluation of the activities engaged by other organs, inluding those that are authorised to execute and conduct operation-related activities, the public prosecutor is obliged to evaluate the correctness of the process of the accumulation of evidence and the making of decisions in terms of the scope and the means of utilising the said evidence. Such control may and should be conducted with reference to the constitutional principles, described particularly in Art. 2 – the principle of a democratic state of law, Art. 7 – the principle of legalism, Art. 45 Par. 1 – the principle of the right to a trial and the resulting principle of the right to due process. The regulations of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland have not been modified since 1997, therefore with the changed state of the regulations of the Code of Criminal Law (the addition of new regulations in Art. 168 a and b ) or the competence-related acts of law, it is still possible to interpret these regulation in terms of the constitutional norms which were indicated. The new content which was introduced to the code of criminal procedure is a source of serious constitution-related doubts, and the evaluation of the material which was submitted to be treated during criminal proceedings may lead to statements that the very fact of having acquired a piece of evidence with the violation of regulations or by means of a criminal offense and the simultaneous violation of the regulations of the Constitutions is sufficient to preclude the utilisation of a given piece of evidence in these legal proceedings and to preclude the establishment of the actual state of affairs on the basis of such a piece of evidence. It is impossible to accept a situation in which the functionaries of the state, i.e. of public authorities, can collect evidence-related material in violation of the law which is binding and it is in keeping with the law that, on the basis of this material, citizens may bear criminal responsibility.
Względna przyczyna odwoławcza związana z błędem w rekonstruowaniu podstawy faktycznej orzeczenia w perspektywie prawnomiędzynarodowej i konstytucyjnej
Authors: Sychta Katarzyna
Published: May 2021

From the perspective of legal-international and constitutional guarantees of a two-instance procedure one should consider admissible the exclusion of the control of the actual basis in reference to guilt and punishment when such an adjudication constituted the object of a lawsuit-related contract, for the right to instance-based control of adjudications is relinquishable, and the limitations of the challengeability of contractual rulings was regulated in the Polish criminal procedure as not to exclude the right of the parties to bring about control of contractual rulings in a general manner, but only to constrain the catalogue of the admissible appeal-based accusations. However, the complete liquidation of the instance-based control of the establishment of the actual state of affairs contradicts the legal-international and constitutional guarantees, for the reconstruction of the actual state of affairs constitutes a component of the adjudication about someone’s culpability in the trial-related sense, and the control of the solution of this problem is guaranteed at the international level. The abolishment of instance-based control of the establishment of the actual state of affairs, being a manifestation of the pursuit of praxeological economical arrangements, also results in the reduction of the probability of reaching material truth. Moreover, it changes the model of a multi-faceted verification based activities realised within the framework of a typical instance-based course into control which is similar to an analysis and correction peculiar to the extraordinary modes of control-related proceedings.
Bezpośredni skutek „dyrektywy obrończej” w polskim procesie karnym
Authors: Oleksy Kacper
Published: May 2021

As of 27 November 2017 the deadline passed by which the European Union Directive 2013/48/EU on the right of access to a lawyer should have been implemented by the Member States in their respective legal systems. Poland completed the said responsibility only ostensibly, for no legal norms which regulate the standard of the right to formal defence contained in Polish Code of Criminal Procedure have been amended. This very situation makes it necessary to consider whether the norms of the directive in question may cause the so-called direct effect in Poland’s domestic legal system, particularly: whether prosecuted individuals may directly invoke the directive in order to, based on its content, seek the assistance of a lawyer in the course of criminal proceedings. Therefore, it stands to reason that, at least in relation to some of the competences envisioned in the directive, such eventuality exists, whereas in remainder of the cases the judicial bodies are obliged to interpret the respective norms of the Code of Criminal Procedure in pro-EU manner, thereby elevating the standard of right to formal defence present in Polish criminal proceedings. Nonetheless, the real transposition of this directive should be postulated, since invoking its direct effect cannot exempt a Member State from implementing it in accordance with EU treaties as a way to harmonize domestic legal systems.
Pozycja procesowa podejrzanego i pokrzywdzonego w postępowaniu w przedmiocie zastosowania środków zabezpieczających w kodyfikacji postępowania karnego z 1928, 1969 i 1997 r
Authors: Zgryzek Kazimierz
Published: May 2021

The author analyses and compares the normative approaches to the participation of the suspected and victim in proceedings for using preventive measures in criminal procedure. While comparing regulations within the scope of his interest published in the Code of Criminal Procedure of the year 1928, 1969, and 1997, the author emphasizes the necessity of undertaking analyses through the prism of regulations included in Mental Health Act. He also indicates the necessity to protect the rights of the suspected and victim not only during the preparatory proceedings, but most of all during the proceedings for using preventive measures. He points to the fact that the prosecuted person, who has been charged with a crime, ought to be a subject to special protection stemming from his or her state of mental health. He postulates that in the course of pre-trial hearing lead in accordance with Article 354 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, the participation of the parties – including the suspected person – should be treated as a rule, and only in exceptional cases the absence of the suspected with mental illness should be allowed. The author assesses negatively the regulation included in Article 354 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, which allows for using preventive measures against the suspected person even when a court appointed psychiatrists claim that his or her participation in proceedings is unnecessary. He compares this regulation to the operations of “kangaroo courts”.
Current overview of assistance bioethics committees in Chile
Authors: Barra Novoa Rodrigo , Limari Karen , Limari Pedro
Published: May 2021

The article examines and analyzes the functioning of healthcare ethics committees in Chile. For this, through an extensive bibliographic review, parameters were established that allow indicating improvements to the system that regulates the Ethical-Assistance Committees (CEA) in the Latin American nation, based on a case study that corresponds to the University of Chile.
An Investigation of Reading Strategy Patterns Recruited by Bilingual Adults and Children
Authors: Frid Bailey , Friesen Deanna C.
Published: May 2021

Les auteurs s’intéressent aux schémas de stratégies de lecture employés par les adultes et les enfants bilingues anglais-français dans les deux langues. Ils procèdent à une analyse approfondie des schémas de stratégies chez un sous-ensemble de lecteurs compétents et de lecteurs moins habiles, en s’appuyant sur de précédents ensembles de données. La réflexion à haute voix sur de courts passages de textes livre des données révélant que, dans l’ensemble, les adultes ont recours à davantage de stratégies que les enfants, et les lecteurs compétents utilisent davantage de stratégies que les lecteurs moins habiles. Il appert notamment que les lecteurs compétents ont recours à une plus grande variété de stratégies en associant davantage de stratégies fondées sur le sens (synthèse et inférences nécessaires, par exemple) à des stratégies complexes (inférences d’élaboration et prévision, par exemple). Les auteurs analysent les répercussions de ces résultats pour les chercheurs et les éducateurs bilingues. Ils offrent plus précisément des suggestions visant la mise en œuvre d’une intervention directe, en matière de stratégies, encourageant les lecteurs à faire appel à ces schémas de stratégies lorsqu’ils lisent dans les deux langues.
Appropriateness of antibiotic use in community hospitals in rural Newfoundland and Labrador
Authors: Wheeler Evan D , McDonald Gerry , Daley Peter
Published: May 2021

Background: Surveillance of the appropriateness of antimicrobial prescribing can identify targets for quality improvement in antimicrobial stewardship. Our objective was to measure antibiotic prescription prevalence, indication, and appropriateness at three rural community hospitals in a 1-day point prevalence study. Methods: Inpatient antibiotic prescriptions given at three community hospitals on April 24, 2019 were provided by the hospital pharmacies. These prescriptions were analyzed using the Australian National Antimicrobial Prescribing Survey (NAPS) tool. Prescriptions were assessed by an infectious diseases physician and analyzed per prescription. Results: Eighty prescriptions given to 58 inpatients were included. Antibiotic treatment prevalence was 58/120 beds (48.3%), and overall appropriateness was 37/80 prescriptions (46.3%). The most prescribed antibiotics were ceftriaxone (17 [21.3%]; 47.1% appropriate), piperacillin–tazobactam (10 [12.5%]; 10.0% appropriate), and moxifloxacin (9 [11.3%]; 0% appropriate). The most common indications were respiratory tract infections (36 [45.0%]; 36.1% appropriate), skin and soft tissue infections (14 [17.5%]; 78.6% appropriate), and urinary tract infections (9 [11.3%]; 11.1% appropriate). Of the 80 prescriptions, 50 (62.5%) documented an indication, and 71 (88.8%) documented a stop or review date. Conclusions: We observed a high treatment prevalence and low appropriateness. Overall appropriateness was lower than in urban hospitals.
Genre-specific conventions of the Engineering Notebook.
Authors: D'Silva Faye
Published: May 2021

First-year engineering students not only have to grapple with academic discursive practices specific to their discipline, but they also have to learn genre-specific conventions. The engineering notebook is one such genre common in the field of engineering. This article describes specific teaching strategies employed in the delivery of a workshop designed specifically for first-year engineers. The purpose of the workshop was to equip novice engineers with engineering notebook conventions that constitute a major literacy practice in their respective discourse community.
A Genre Analysis of Social Change: Uptake of the Housing-First Solution to Homelessness in Canada. Diana Wegner. Inkshed, 2020.
Authors: Ferreira Laila
Published: May 2021

This is a book review so there is no abstract.
TÉCNICA MFR PARA PERSONALIZAR EL PLANO DE FOX Y DETERMINAR EL PLANO OCLUSAL
Authors: Flor Rodríguez Milton Saúl
Published: May 2021

El plano oclusal es una superficie arquitectónica que al igual que el plano de una casa no se hace evidente hasta que sea construido, siendo esencial para lograr su total edificación. En algunos pacientes es muy difícil poder determinar un plano oclusal ideal por tal motivo el presente artículo tiene el objetivo de proponer una técnica para personalizar el Plano de Fox y determinar el plano oclusal en pacientes edéntulos parciales. Para lograr esta propuesta se modificó el plano de Fox con la finalidad de determinar el plano oclusal de pacientes edéntulos parciales, esta técnica se desarrolló en la cátedra de Oclusión de la Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann de la ciudad de Tacna-Perú. Desde la perspectiva del autor la aplicación de la técnica MFR de Modificación del plano de Fox para la Rehabilitación Oral de pacientes Edéntulos Parciales, es una alternativa clínica que nos facilita el diagnóstico y el plan de tratamiento.
Tratamiento restaurador dental en paciente consumidor de cannabis, reporte de un caso
Authors: Masson Palacios Maria Jose
Published: May 2021

El consumo de cannabis está asociado con el incremento en la presencia de placa bacteriana, desencadenando en el aumento de riesgo cariogénico y enfermedad periodontal, los pacientes que refieren este hábito se consideran de difícil manejo. El objetivo de este artículo es describir la intervención multidisciplinaria que recibió un paciente que refiere como hábito consumo frecuente de cannabis. Se realizó rehabilitación oral integral a paciente de 25 años de edad, sexo masculino, quien presenta múltiples lesiones cariosas, necrosis pulpar y varias fracturas dentales, por accidente en bicicleta. El tratamiento incluyó procedimientos de raspado y alisado radicular, eliminación de focos sépticos y la ejecución de procedimientos endodónticos, se realizó preparación dental para recibir coronas con cofia de zirconio y cuerpo de porcelana sobre pernos colados metálicos en los incisivos laterales, carillas de resina compuesta en los incisivos centrales. Los procedimientos ejecutados permitieron mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente
Participación en actividades recreativas con exposición sonora y mecanismo coclear de protección auditiva en jóvenes universitarios
Authors: Perez Paula Gabriela , Sotomayor Florencia , Vilella Stefania Soledad , Maggi Ana Luz , Zalazar-Jaime Mauricio Federico , Hinalaf María
Published: May 2021

The relationship between participation in recreational activities with sound exposure and the cochlear mechanism of hearing protection regulated by the medial efferent system was determined. 72 young people between 18 and 25 years old were evaluated by means of a questionnaire on Sound exposure in recreational activities and Contralateral Suppression (CS) by Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAE). Young people were classified in categories of General Exposure to Music (GEM). At the hearing level, the ears were classified into Group 1 (DPOAES present normal) and Group 2 (DPOAES present abnormal). Then the DPOAES CS was applied. No clear trend was found that directly related GEM and hearing level. This situation could indicate that both act independently. However, most of the young people in Group 2 belonged to the middle and upper categories, this suggest that the protection mechanism could be vulnerable if the exposure were maintained or increased in the future.
Comparative analysis of the arthroscopy efficacy and complex therapy in the treatment of degenerative meniscal tears in patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors:   F.I. Inozemtsev City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russian Federation, Bessarab M.S. , Krasnov G.O. ,   F.I. Inozemtsev City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russian Federation, Charchyan A.M. ,   F.I. Inozemtsev City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russian Federation, Khoroshkov S.N. ,   A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: May 2021

Aim: to evaluate the efficacy of conservative treatment in patients with degenerative meniscal tear (DMT) in the setting of knee osteoarthritis (OA) as an alternative to combined treatment. Patients and Methods: a prospective comparative study included 236 patients aged 45–65 years with DMT in the setting of stage I–III OA according to the Kellgren-Lawrence classification (70 of them — men). Group 1 consisted of 122 patients (86 of them — women) who underwent combined treatment: arthroscopy for DMT of the knee joint and complex therapy in the postoperative period: NSAIDs (celecoxib), a combined drug from the group of symptom-modifying slow-acting drugs SYSADOA (chondroitin sulfate + glucosamine sulfate), exercise therapy, physiotherapy. Group 2 (n=114) received only complex therapy. Control tests (pain assessment on the visual analog scale (VAS), WOMAC scale, life quality assessment on the EQ-5D scale, treatment satisfaction) were performed 10 and 20 weeks after the therapy initiation. Results: there was a statistically significant (p<0.05) improvement in VAS and WOMAC indicators, which continued to decline by week 20 after 10 weeks of both combined and conservative treatment. Also, it did not depend on gender, age, concomitant pathology, but on the body mass index and OA stage according to the Kellgren-Lawrence classification, which was confirmed by the results of the correlation analysis. Patients’ treatment satisfaction and improvement in their life quality were noted in 50% of patients in both groups. Conclusion: arthroscopic meniscectomy should not be indicated as the first treatment stage in patients with DMT during OA. Complex therapy, including the use of drugs from the NSAID and SYSADOA groups at the recommended doses, has demonstrated high treatment efficacy and safety of patients with DMT during OA. KEYWORDS: knee arthritis, degenerative meniscus tear, arthroscopy, celecoxib, chondroitin sulfate, glucosamine sulfate, life quality. FOR CITATION: Bessarab M.S., Krasnov G.O., Charchyan A.M., Khoroshkov S.N. et al. Comparative analysis of the arthroscopy efficacy and complex therapy in the treatment of degenerative meniscal tears in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(2):71–77. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-2-71-77.
Targeted anti-inflammatory therapy effect on various indicators of the psoriatic arthritis activity: Moscow Unified Arthritis Registry (MUAR) data
Authors:   City Clinical Hospital No. 4, Moscow, Russian Federation, Lytkina K.A. , Lukina G.V. ,   Moscow Clinical Scientific Center n.a. A.S. Loginov, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Research Institute of Rheumatology named after V.A. Nasonova, Moscow, Russian Federation, Koltsova E.N. ,   Research Institute for Healthcare and Medical Management, Moscow, Russian Federation, Shmidt E.I. ,   City Clinical Hospital № 1 named after N.I. Pirogov, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Zhilyaev E.V. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation,   CJSC European Medical Center, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: May 2021

Background: the number of genetically engineered biological drugs and targeted synthetic drugs for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis (PA) is rapidly increasing. Data on their comparative efficacy is limited. The results of individual studies suggest that the drugs may show different efficacy concerning different disease manifestations (arthritis, spondylitis, entesitis, cutaneous and nail lesions). Aim: to compare the effect of targeted drugs on the results achieved in different PA domains in real clinical practice. Patients and Methods: the data were taken from the Moscow Unified Arthritis Registry (MUAR). We analyzed treatment episodes in which there was a completed visit no earlier than 6 months from therapy initiation with targeted drug (adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab, tofacitinib, ustekinumab). Drug comparison was carried out according to the achieved values of the DAS-28, BASDAI, MASES, LEI, DLQI, PASI and BSA indices. The most significant confounders (factors that characterize the patient and are significantly related to the studied indicator) were established for each group of indicators to eliminate the impact of differences between patients who received different drugs. The comparisons were adjusted for confounders. Results: the analysis included 184 treatment episodes with targeted drugs in 156 patients with PA. There were no significant differences between the drugs in their effect on the following domains: «joints» domain (DAS-28), «spine/entheses» domain (BASDAI, MASKS, LEI), «skin» domain (DLQI, PASI, BSA). Conclusion: the achieved values of activity indicators concerning the involvement of joint, spine, entheses and skin in patients with PA didn’t significantly differ when treated with various targeted drugs. KEYWORDS: psoriatic arthritis, enthesitis, spondylitis, sacroiliitis, targeted therapy, treatment efficacy, confounder. FOR CITATION: Lytkina K.A., Lukina G.V., Koltsova E.N. et al. Targeted anti-inflammatory therapy effect on various indicators of the psoriatic arthritis activity: Moscow Unified Arthritis Registry (MUAR) data. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(2):78–83. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821- 2021-5-2-78-83.
Improving Similarity-Based Retrieval Efficiency by Using Graphic Processing Units in Case-Based Reasoning
Authors: Malburg Lukas , Hoffmann Maximilian , Trumm Simon , Bergmann Ralph
Published: May 2021

The accelerated growth of available data causes case bases of increasing sizes and thus lowers efficiency during the case retrieval phase in Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) systems. Even though, many complex and data-intensive tasks are solved by using Graphic Processing Units (GPUs), its application in CBR research has yet to advance past the early stage phase. In this paper, we present an approach to use CUDA-compatible GPUs for similarity assessment of structural, feature vector based cases. Our approach supports several syntactic and semantic similarity measures and is implemented in the open-source case-based reasoning framework ProCAKE. When comparing to current retrieval techniques that calculate similarities on the CPU, our GPU-based approach outperforms them by a factor of up to 37. In addition, our evaluation indicates that the performance gains increase with higher case complexity.
An Order-Independent Algorithm for Learning Chain Graphs
Authors: Javidian Mohammad Ali , Valtorta Marco , Jamshidi Pooyan
Published: May 2021

LWF chain graphs combine directed acyclic graphs and undirected graphs. We propose a PC-like algorithm, called PC4LWF, that finds the structure of chain graphs under the faithfulness assumption to resolve the problem of scalability of the proposed algorithm by Studeny (1997). We prove that PC4LWF is order dependent, in the sense that the output can depend on the order in which the variables are given. This order dependence can be very pronounced in high-dimensional settings. We propose two modifications of the PC4LWF algorithm that remove part or all of this order dependence. Simulation results with different sample sizes, network sizes, and p-values demonstrate the competitive performance of the PC4LWF algorithms in comparison with the LCD algorithm proposed by Ma et al. (2008) in low-dimensional settings and improved performance (with regard to error measures) in high-dimensional settings.
Using Deep Learning algorithms to detect the success or failure of the Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) sessions
Authors: Faghihi Usef , Kalantarpour Cyrus
Published: May 2021

Major Depression Disorder (MDD) is a big problem in our society. MDD can cause suicide and take families apart. When treatment with medications fail, mental healthcare professionals, use Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) to treat patients with MDD. During an ECT session, electroencephalogram (EEG) signals let the mental healthcare professionals record patients' brain activities which are helpful to decide whether the treatment was successful. However, there is no standard way to know how and with what intensity a healthcare professional needs to apply electroshock to treat patients with MDD. So far, to our knowledge, researchers have used multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques combined with statistical methods and/or linear machine learning algorithms to predict patients’ responses to ECT. However, the aforementioned methods are very expensive and time-consuming. In this study, we will be using Deep learning algorithms to detect the effectiveness of ECT sessions based on the EEG.
Efficient Algorithmic Music Composition Using Neural Networks
Authors: Rahal Imad , Strelow Ryan , Iverson Jeremy
Published: May 2021

Creating aesthetically pleasing music via algorithmic composition has continually been an ambitious goal of music research. Memory-based neural networks have shown to be particularly suited for this type of sequential learning. Music scores data is commonly used to represent different music features–such as durations and pitches–which when combined, make up the entirety of a music piece. As more music features are integrated into the music composition process, the space of labels required to represent possible feature combinations in a neural network grows significantly and rather quickly making the process computationally challenging, to say the least. This consideration bears special importance in situations with polyphonic pieces, where additional features such as harmonies and multiple voices are present.

This research highlights the potential benefits of feature separation in music composition from music scores data. More specifically, we demonstrate the effectiveness of neural networks for automated music composition by learning music features separately; we start by creating separate simple models, one for each desired music feature, and then combine results from the simple models to compose new music. This is in contrast to the common practice of employing a single complex model trained over multiple features simultaneously. Case study evaluation results show significant time savings for our proposed approach with similar music “quality” compared to the complex model.
Entropy-based Variational Learning of Finite Inverted Beta-Liouville Mixture Model
Authors: Manouchehri Narges , Ahmadzadeh Mohammad Sadegh , Ennajari Hafsa , Bouguila Nizar , Amayri Manar , Fan Wentao
Published: May 2021

Mixture models are a common unsupervised learning technique that have been widely used to statistically approximate and analyse heterogenous data. In this paper, an effective mixture model-based approach for positive vectors clustering and modeling is proposed. Our mixture model is based on the inverted Beta-Liouville (IBL) distribution. To deploy the proposed model, we introduce an entropy-based variational inference algorithm. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated on two real-world applications, namely, human activity recognition and image categorization.
3M: Multi-style image caption generation using Multi-modality features under Multi-UPDOWN model
Authors: Li Chengxi , Harrison Brent
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we build a multi-style generative model for stylish image captioning which uses multi-modality image features, ResNeXt features, and text features generated by DenseCap. We propose the 3M model, a Multi-UPDOWN caption model that encodes multi-modality features and decodes them into captions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our model on generating human-like captions by examining its performance on two datasets, the PERSONALITY-CAPTIONS dataset, and the FlickrStyle10K dataset. We compare against a variety of state-of-the-art baselines on various automatic NLP metrics such as BLEU, ROUGE-L, CIDEr, SPICE, etc \footnote{code will be available at https://github.com/cici-ai-club/3M}. A qualitative study has also been done to verify our 3M model can be used for generating different stylized captions.
On the Behaviour of Weighted Permutation Entropy on Fractional Brownian Motion in the Univariate and Multivariate Setting
Authors: Mohr Marisa , Wilhelm Florian , Möller Ralf
Published: May 2021

The estimation of the qualitative behaviour of fractional Brownian motion is an important topic for modelling real-world applications. Permutation entropy is a well-known approach to quantify the complexity of univariate time series in a scalar-valued representation. As an extension often used for outlier detection, weighted permutation entropy takes amplitudes within time series into account. As many real-world problems deal with multivariate time series, these measures need to be extended though. First, we introduce multivariate weighted permutation entropy, which is consistent with standard multivariate extensions of permutation entropy. Second, we investigate the behaviour of weighted permutation entropy on both univariate and multivariate fractional Brownian motion and show revealing results.
Concept Drift Detection in Dynamic Probabilistic Relational Models
Authors: Finke Nils , Braun Tanya , Gehrke Marcel , Möller Ralf
Published: May 2021

Dynamic probabilistic relational models, which are factorized w.r.t. a full joint distribution, are used to cater for uncertainty and for relational and temporal aspects in real-world data. While these models assume the underlying temporal process to be stationary, real-world data often exhibits non-stationary behavior where the full joint distribution changes over time. We propose an approach to account for non-stationary processes w.r.t. to changing probability distributions over time, an effect known as concept drift. We use factorization and compact encoding of relations to efficiently detect drifts towards new probability distributions based on evidence.