bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Direction of Development Parallel Programming of Software Tools Software Complexes Military Purpose
Authors:   Military Academy of Aero-Space Defence named after the Marshal of Soviet Union G. K. Zhukov, Lutikovov Igor V.
Published: March 2022

The article discusses the issues of classification selection of preferred parallelization algorithms (with minimal execution time) implemented in parallel software development tools for multi-core (multiprocessor) computing systems with shared memory, based on the collected training statistical information of the parameters of the execution of cycles, previous program launches. The classification (decisive) rule for selecting the preferred algorithm in the learning process can be built only based on information from the training sample of previous runs, this information should not just be remembered, but should be generalized and transformed into an image most similar to the new recognizable image characterizing an unknown program cycle. To this end, the article presents three methods that allow, based on the mathematical apparatus of probability theory, to sequentially collect and transform training samples for each cyclic section of the program to the form of an image providing a functional relationship between the number of iterations of the current cycle and the preferred parallelization algorithm. The obtained dependence allows automatic selection (in real time) of the preferred parallelization algorithm based on classification selection by the input parameter (number of iterations) of the cycle in the generated project profile consisting of a set of tuples of preferred parallelization algorithms. The purpose of this article is to assess the impact of the execution time of parallelized cyclic sections of the target program, using the proposed method of automated selection of preferred algorithms, with multithreaded parallel execution of the program in multi-core (multiprocessor) PCs on the results of simulation of combat operations
Trauma Exposure to Journalists in Local Broadcast Newsrooms
Authors:   , Judah Carla Renae , Tedesco Albert S.
Published: March 2022

Journalists of all job titles and descriptions working in local broadcast newsrooms are faced with being routinely assigned to stories that involve death, destruction, victims of crime and/or scenes of violence. Training in college and university programs rarely touches on how to prepare for such traumatic events, yet journalists are expected to tell stories on a daily basis that are objective and factual with few outlets offered or available to discuss how such stories have a personal impact. This thesis uses both qualitative and quantitative research methods. A survey measured how often local broadcast journalists are exposed to potentially traumatic events, what education they received in exposure to trauma reporting and what support they are offered during and after such events. In-depth interviews show the emotional reactions, thought processes and give insight to what coping mechanisms are turned to most often. Results indicate that overall local broadcast journalists are not taught how to prepare and mentally process potentially traumatic events, that journalists are routinely assigned to a potentially traumatic story on a weekly basis, and many newsrooms do offer counseling assistance, but rarely advertise such help is available.
Fabrication of highly stretchable, moldable and injectable hydrogel and its applications in strain sensing and drug delivery
Authors:   , Qiao Zhen , Ji Haifeng
Published: March 2022

Stretchable and tough hydrogels have attracted a lot of attention due to their unique properties and great potential in applications including wound healing, drug delivery, tissue culture, etc. They can also be paired with electronic components to create artificial skin, wearable electronics, and patches. Only a few hydrogels have been synthesized that have exceptional stress to strain mechanical properties. In the field of hydrogels it is difficult to make a gel with both high strength and stretchability because the crosslinks that form the structure of the network are usually either static and irreversible or dynamic and reversible. To circumvent this limitation, the use of hybrid double network (DN) hydrogels has become prominent. These hybrid DN gels have greatly improved the dynamic mechanical properties possible for hydrogels and have open the door for new applications of these soft materials. Additionally, these high water weight gels (almost 90wt% in most cases) have been shown to have the potential to serve as highly conductive materials due to doping with conductive species such as salts, 2D materials and nanocomposites. In particular, one application that stands out for the use of these special class of hydrogels is strain sensing, which is used in artificial tissues and soft robotics. An ideal strain sensor should be stable and consistent over various stretching lengths, as well as, show linearity in sensitivity over discrete windows of strain. In this work, we optimized several parameters to produce gelatin/polyacrylamide hydrogels with superior mechanical properties. The highest water content gel was capable of withstanding strains of 5000% before failure and another calcium ion doped gel gave an ultimate tensile strength of 1.71MPa. These DN gels also demonstrated a broad range of strain sensing from 0-3000% for various concentrations of metal ions. The sensitivity of the best strain sensor was measured using the gauge factor (GF) and gave large values over 3 discrete windows of strain. These GF values ranged from 1.63-6.85 for strains of 0-2100%. The sensors were also stable over continuous stretching cycles, demonstrating their good reliability for any application. Lastly, these gels were also shown to be easily injected into molds where they effectively changed shape to several alphabetical letters and maintained similar properties prior to remolding. The hybrid hydrogel can also be used as drug carriers for release purpose. We presented the high drug loading efficiency with controlled release rate in vitro on the simulated human skin by using a franz diffusion device. Cytotoxicity study on microphage cell line RAW 264.7 indicates that the release medium and the biodegradation products of the hybrid hydrogel is nontoxic to microphage cells at the concentration as used, which further indicates the hybrid hydrogel serving as a promising candidate working as scaffold for drug delivery.
Experiential Learning and Competency Development in Dance/Movement Therapy Graduate Education
Authors:   , Millrod Eri , Goodill Sherry W.
Published: March 2022

Experiential learning that uses dance and movement in the classroom as the primary means of learning in dance/movement therapy (DMT) education is universal in DMT graduate education programs. Yet, published studies on movement based experiential learning (MBEL) in DMT education is limited and studies on the competencies that develop in MBEL have not been conducted. This was a qualitative study that sought to fill this gap and interviewed 15 recent graduates of DMT education programs in the United States. The goal was to identify competencies that develop in MBEL from the students' perspective, compare the findings to American Dance Therapy Association (ADTA)'s new standards, and to identify factors that facilitate or hinder learning in MBEL. Thematic analysis of the interview transcripts inductively identified four groups of competencies: Clinical Practice, Self of the Therapist, Theoretical Knowledge, and Professional Orientation. When compared to ADTA's new standards, all but six out of the 27 competency categories were addressed in MBEL. Development of competencies around multiculturalism and theoretical knowledge in MBEL was weak. A set of competencies identified in the analysis but not reflected in ADTA's standards were competencies for emotional intelligence. Learning in MBEL was facilitated when students and faculty took responsibility for their roles in creating a safe learning environment and formed a learning community. Factors that hindered learning ranged from those that were internal to the students, such as their emotional, psychological, and physical states, to those that were outside of their control, such as the lack of clear purposes and structure in MBEL. The findings from the study confirmed that students in MBEL develop a broad range of DMT competencies and that students highly value its place in DMT education, despite the challenges they faced in MBEL. Identifying competencies would allow educators to be more explicit with their intentions in MBEL and to structure MBEL exercises so that students experience less confusion and anxiety. Students would also be able to know what is expected of them and perhaps be more consistent in taking an active role in creating a safe learning environment for themselves. Further research and discussion are needed to identify better ways to develop multicultural competencies and theoretical knowledge in MBEL. There is also a need to examine the implications of adopting a competency based education model in a profession that values creativity and spontaneity.
Aproximación al sistema de lugares centrales de la provincia de León
Authors: Cortizo Álvarez José
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we intend to confirm that the organization of territory in the province of Leon is made by means of a polarized hierarchical structure of the market places. In order to achieve our purpose, we analyze the population as perceivers of a rent and as the basis for demand; we also deal with commercial activities and service industries, for they are closely related to the distribution of the central-places theory, we attempt to establish the hierarchy of these activities as the basis for the functional hierarchization of market places and their areas of influence.
El concepto de eternidad y la apoteosis de los Emperadores y sus familias, en la Numismática desde Trajano a Antonino Pio
Authors: García Blanco José Antonio
Published: March 2022

This word is trying to investigate in two important aspects the imperial roman propaganda through numismatics, we refer to the concepts of Aeternitas and Consecratio, both within the ritual of the Apoteosis which was awarded the Roman emperors and members of the imperial family after their death. Apart from the classical sources, this study of coins is the best source which fells us about these concepts; All taken from the II century A.D. from governments of Trajano to Antonino Pio. This being the period in which more emphasis was used.
Rasgos físicos, psicológicos y culturales de los Igorrotes de Filipinas, a la luz de la documentación española, siglo XVI-XIX
Authors: Albarrán González Benigno
Published: March 2022

El presente estudio pretende ofrecer los rasgos más salientes de los IGORROTES del Norte de la isla de Luzón, Filipinas, en lo referente tanto a su fisonomía, como al perfil psicológico y aspectos culturales de los mismos.En cuanto a estos últimos rasgos nos detendremos en sus hábitos alimenticios, vivienda, vestimenta, adornos corporales, artesanía, armas y tácticas bélicas.Y todo éllo, a la luz de la documentación española, fundamentalmente de archivo, acumulada durante los siglos XVI al XIX; y que ha logrado sobrevivir.Con el objeto de no desvirtuar los datos que aquellos españoles trasladaron en sus crónicas, memorias, etc. con la mejor voluntad del mundo, hemos optado por extraer con la mayor fidelidad posible todos aquellos textos relativos al terna que presentarnos.Estos textos, que reflejan el modo cómo concebían los españoles el complejo mundo tribal filipino de aquél entonces: su modo de ser, sus costumbres, etc., se han ido acumulando pacientemente tras haber recorrido y desempolvado cantidades de pergaminos y folios muy deteriorados.Este legado español, un tanto relegado al olvido, si se profundizase en el mismo, pudiéramos llegar a una conclusión: de que España dejó impresa en Filipinas una de tantas huellas desapercibidas, a saber, la huella etno histórica y antropológica sobre la vida y costumbres de tantas tribus corno evangelizó y pacificó.
Promoción cultural del pueblo filipino durante el período de hegemonía española (1565-1898)
Authors: Albarrán González Benigno
Published: March 2022

Durante el lago período de su presencia gubernamental en Filipinas, España no cesó de mostrar su gran interés y solicitud por la instrucción, tanto religiosa como humana, de los nativos. España cultivó entre los mismos la educación en todas sus ramas: enseñanza primaria, media, artes y oficios, formación apostólica del clero nativo y estudios universitarios.El presente estudio tiene por objeto poner de relieve la parte que cupo a España en la promoción cultural del pueblo filipino, por lo que a la enseñanza primaria se refiere, al mismo tiempo que aportar documentación inédita al respecto.
De léxico diplomático: nomenclaturtas del documento medieval en el occidente peninsular (siglos VIII-XII)
Authors: Martín López María Encarnación
Published: March 2022

One of the problems raised in dealing with a document as an ordinary source is that of its own nomenclature. The present paper resumes such questions, and gathers and analyses the main terms used in the medieval documentation of León and Castile, as well as their evolution and cultural connotations.
Análisis y cuantificación del magisterio primario en León durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX
Authors: Celada Perandones Pablo
Published: March 2022

The aim of this article «Analysis and quantifying of Primary teaching in León during the second half of the 19th century» is to analyze the situation of elementary education teachers in León during the aforementioned period, and not only quantifying their number across the different states (Tables), but also attending to other questions such as their training, payments, qualification, school infraestructure, pupils, etc.; such a treatment will help to approach a more objetive vision of the primary teaching staff evolution in León during the second half of the preceding century.
¿Qué es ser campesino?: una definición del campesinado desde la Antropología
Authors: González Arpide José Luis , Fernández Álvarez Oscar
Published: March 2022

The authors of this article, of a theoretical nature, within the field of the peasant studies, take an anthropological approach to try and define peasantry. Thus, it first considers the origen and theoretical development of the generic concept of the peasantry through which the tradition theoretical framework of Peasant Studies hs been formed, so as later consider other aspects.As a concluding remark, they see the analysis of the peasant groups and the relationships with the social struture as the path to be followed by the theoretical debate on peasantry. The authors pay a particular attention to the critical study of the concept.
Sobre el ángulo de escritura en la documentación de San Isidoro de León: evolución de los siglos XI al XIII
Authors: Martín López María Encarnación
Published: March 2022

The technical elements of writing have proved to be essential when establishing a serious and definitive assessment of documentary form - specifically jis external characteristics - and tradition. One of these technical elements is the angle of writing. This paper is meant as a first approach to the issue, which, it is our opinion, places the angle of writing, as well as its assessment, in the foreground of documentary criticism considered as tradition.
Etnografía e Historia en Bolivia (1850-1930): el papel del trabajo misional
Authors: Fernández Álvarez Òscar
Published: March 2022

Propaganda Fide Missions play in XIX century, an important role in development of Bolivia.This paper aims to analyse their settlement, growth and expansion, and the problems that it takes; how the Government makes use of them as it' s suitable for its own interest.We also pay atention on ethnographics aspects and, of course, on the great contradiction, in which the process takes place
Villafàfila: explotación, mercaduría y usos de la sal.
Authors: Granja Alonso Manuel de la
Published: March 2022

The first signs of Villafáfila of which we have documentary evidence, date back to the tenth century through the acquisition of some PAUSATAS from some small local landowners by the Monastery of Schagun.Exploitation of these salt mines was carried out until the eighteenth century. Most of the salts which were extracted were destined from human consumption and the remainder used in the production of gun powder.From the time of King Alfonso VII of Castille these salt mines were a royal monopoly and were traditionally leased for their exploitation and commercialization. This was controlled by the Law and culminated in 1338, with the Coronation of King Alfonso XI of Castille.
Las fiestas ciudadanas en el Reino de Quito (S. XVII). Apuntes para su estudio
Authors: Viforcos Marinas María Isabel
Published: March 2022

This anide is an aproach to the study of the religions rejoicings in the Quito Kingdom. The bases are the Quito and Guayaquil town council actes between 1650-1657. Due the documental source we use, this work only is about the festivities under the auspices of the colonial authorities.
La embajada sueva en Constantinopla o la búsqueda de un aliado contra la amenaza visigoda (S. VI)
Authors: Vallejo Girvés Margarita
Published: March 2022

The reference of a suevian embassy to Constantinople in De Trina Mersione, one epistle of Saint Martin of Braga, written in the second half of the sixth century, bring us the oportunity to search for the reason that the suevian king Miro had to had to send his legates to the capital of the Roman Eastern Empire.In our opinion Miro's reason was the requeast to the Emperor Justin, then Tiberius, for military help in face of the visigothic menace in his kingdom. The military presence of the Byzantines in the south and eastern peninsula and their enmity with the visigothic king Leovigild was the main reason, in our opinion, that could explain the diplomatic action of Miro, king of the suevians.
Sobre la tradición documental. Un documento singular de San Isidoro de León
Authors: Martín López María Encarnación
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we restate the problems of documentary tradition by examinig the controversial case which we found in the archives of the Collegiate of San Isidoro in León under the catalogue number 365. It is an indenture dated in 1212, the content of which is a donation given to the above mentioned monastery in the year 1198. It is the aim of our survey to establish that it is a copy, against the criteria of other authors who classify it as original.
Diferentes concepciones en los estudios de antropología urbana
Authors: Fernádez Álvarez Óscar
Published: March 2022

A synthesis of the contributions and changes that have taken place in Urban Anthropology in this century is offered. In the 1960's reserches have expanded and become more complex in the question asked and the theorethical employed, reflecting both new insights and the changes that have ocurred in this discipline. Such research has now developed in many areas using various paradigms that we consider complementary, through we also note that changes are occurring in emphases.Our purpose in this paper is to illustrate, more than the past of the discipline, the worry for the future and the way to go ahead.
Rostros entre motivos vegetales. ¿Una travesura de miniaturistas?
Authors: Suárez González Ana , Galván Freile Fernando
Published: March 2022

Among the decorative motives of some of the original manuscripts of Saint Isidoro of Leon, written around 1200, a sequence of hidden faces can be found. This essay contains a brief study and catalogue of the main ornaments which show this peculiar motive.
El libro medieval. Producción y difusión.
Authors: Vezin Jean
Published: March 2022

The author offers a synthesis full of information of the history and development of the book in the Middle Ages in its material appearance as well as in its internal one. This analysis gives the author the opportunity of underlining other aspects of the book, such as its diffusion, social function, course of making, etc.
¿Era Pedro de Valencia desdendiente de judeosconversos?
Authors: Paradinas Fuentes Jesús Luis
Published: March 2022

This study wonders about the possible Jewish ancestry of the well known humanist Pedro de Valencia. In absence of documents which answer this question, present a serie of facts related to bis life which, according to the author, give many possibilities for an affirmative answer. The facts studied are all related to his family antecedents, the early years of bis life, his studies in Salamanca, his marriage to his cousin Inés de Ballesteros, his intellectual curiosity and friends. His "converso" origin in now a hypothesis which propably Jets us interpret the life and thought of one of the most important characters from the Spanish Golden Century better.
El mercado de las hierbas estivales en la montaña noroccidental leonesa durante el siglo XVIII
Authors: Pérez Álvarez María José
Published: March 2022

At the end of the 18th century town councils and monasteries that owned mountain, passes started long lawsuits against transhumant cattle raisers in order to evict them from the summer pastores that they had been enjoying up to then. In that way they expected the price of their fields to go up.
Una intervención leonesa en el Califato de Córdoba: a propósito de la identificación del conde Ibn Mama Duna Al-Qumis
Authors: Torre Sevilla-Quiñones de León Margarita
Published: March 2022

This study tries to identify an important person: the so called Ibn Mama Duna "the christian" or al-Qumis in one of the most famous arab chronicle. In our opinion, he was Garcia Gómez, earl of Saldaña (955/960-1026?), who rebelled against Vermudo II, king of León, and was Almanzor's most important christian ally.
Los pleitos sostenidos por el Concejo de Laciana contra el Conde de Luna durante el reinado de Carlos I
Authors: Pérez Álvarez María José
Published: March 2022

During the first half of the sixteenth century, the council of Laciana got involved in a long lawsuit against the count of Luna. The above-mentioned count was accused of a number of offences consisting in the violation of the liberties of the council and the unlawfol appropriation of their mountains. After several appeals the council lost those groundsbut; in return, they were given back many of their old privileges.
La actividad gremial en Quito (1777-1820): los plateros y batihojas
Authors: Paniagua Pérez Jesús
Published: March 2022

The end of the eighteenth century and begining of the nineteenth delimit a crucial phase in the dismantling of the gilds in Quito. This is particularly true of the silversmiths' guild, the subject of this paper. Internal crises and the first stirrings of the independence movement in the territories covered by the Quito district court had a major effect on developments within the precious-metal workers' organization in this city, wich had been one of the most active sites in Spanish America, with the largest number of craftsmen.
Algunas cruces procesionales del siglo XVII en el antiguo obispado de León
Authors: Alonso Benito Javier
Published: March 2022

The seventeenth century constitutes a period in history of the Spanish silversmithing wiht very distinctive characteristics. This is reflected in a noteworthy fashion in the working of processional crosses, such are preservad in the ancient bishopric of León, as this study attempts to relate. However, despite the stereotyping of models, there is also some evolution no forms and decoration as the century progresses. The examples to be considered illustrate this.
Aportación a las letras quiteñas: el testamento del Doctor Cristóbal de Arvildo
Authors: Viforcos Marinas María Isabel
Published: March 2022

This article is centred on analyzing the will of Dr. Cristóbal de Arvildo, a poet and orator who lived in Quito in the middle years of the seventeenth century. Although highly rated by his contemporaries, he is almost unknown today. The work consists essentially of two parts. The first undertakes an analysis of the which was drawn up on 18 june 1667, and corresponds basically to the normal pattern used by clergymen in Quito during this century. The second provides the principal data for a biographical sketch of this figure, covering his birth and family environment, his financial situation, his social relationships, and even his mentality.
Desamortización y transferencia de propiedad inmobiliaria en la ciudad de León a principios del siglo XIX
Authors: Lorenzana Fernández Antonio
Published: March 2022

During the two first decacles of the XIX century and within the Old Regime crisis context, wealty people were offered excellent opportunities to acquire either urban or rural properties.Taking the town of León as the background, this article aims to give the reader an approach to this theme by referring to Godoy's disentailment, to the common lands selling and to the assignment of small prices of land which all took place during the Independance War.
El lenguaje artístico de la Orden del Toisón de Oro, leyenda, signos y símbolos
Authors: Campos Sánchez-Bordona María Dolores
Published: March 2022

This subject is an aproach to the study of the prestigious Ordre of Toison d'Or and the House of Borgoña troughout its legends, myths and symbols.
La transmisión formal e iconográfica de modelos en cuatro ejemplos del arte renacentista en León
Authors: García Álvarez César
Published: March 2022

The iconological method lies on the basic idea of iconographic type, understood as the inluence that a previous visual or textual model has over a concrete artistic work. The discovery of four different models in four works from the Renaissance art of León (an engraving of Marcantonio Raimondi for a possible relief of Hércules; a german engraving of G. Pencz for a triumph of Venus; different drawings by N. Rosex for a decorative panel, and another engraving, by H. B. Grien, as a model for a St. Sebastian) supports the thesis of a general influence exerted by the Italian and German art over Spanish art during the Renaissance, and allows to differentiate among various kinds of influences: the direct and literal copy of the model, the formal variation and the stylistical transformation of an artistic tradition. In the four examples, it is not possible to guarantee or to refuse (only from the formal analyis) if the original simbolic meanings of the models remain in the influenced images.
Aporte de materiales sobre las posesiones del monasterio de Valdediós en León
Authors: Martínez Ángel Lorenzo
Published: March 2022

This article tries to apport information about the property of Valdediós Abbey in León.
China, una prolongación de la polémica sobre el Nuevo Mundo
Authors: Viforcos Marinas María Isabel
Published: March 2022

After the discovery and colonization of The Philippines and particulary since the arrival of the first Augustinian and Franciscan missionaries, China, until then an unknown and inaccessible empire, became a focus of interest for humanists, traders and preachers. The approach to the Ming Empire renewed the controversy about the just titles of the conquest of the Spanish Crown and the conditions of lawful war to remove the obstacles to trade and preaching. This article gives a brief synthesis of both conflicting attitudes: the one defended by the Augustinian González de Mendoza, the Jesuit José de Acosta and the Humanist Pedro Valencia is based on mutual respect and the rejection of any kind of violence against the Empire; the other is supported by the factor Juan Bautista Román and the Jesuit Alonso Sánchez in favour of military action justified by the obstinacy of the Emperor and the Mandarins and their policy of close borders to ideas and foreing people.
Las elecciones de febrero de 1936 en la provincia de León
Authors: Martínez Celada José Luis
Published: March 2022

The february 1936 parliamentary elections in Spain involved the definitive settlement of a social division incited by political ideas close to the Civil War. The province of León had taken an active role in the previous revolutionary months, whose first consecuencies were the capture of many workers and miners. Thus, the amnisty for them would be the crucial question in order to get popular support for one of the biggest electoral blocs. The count in this province gave the victory to the right-wings, although the left tendencies had a never known support, crowing their expectatives in all over León.
Precisiones sobre la fundación del colegio de la Compañía de Jesús en Villafranca del Bierzo
Authors: Campos Sánchez-Bordona María Dolores
Published: March 2022

This project shows the 1st fundantion of the college of the Jesuits in Villafranca del Bierzo ( Léon) in the XVI century.Sir Pedro Alvarez de Toledo, Marqués de Villafranca, master person who brought the Jesuits to this town, and who gave economic resources for the construccion of the college. This foundation went on 1614 being in this case Gabriel de Robles who gave the economic resource.
Custodias de sol del siglo XVII en la antigua diócesis de León
Authors: Alonso Benito Javier
Published: March 2022

Around the year 1600 a series of important changes in Spanish art took place, aesthetic and morfologicals changes which would be promoted through diferent artistics disciplines. The silver work would not be an exception taking part in such a way as to create a new tipe of piece whose evolution throughout the seventeen century would favour its consolidation in the years to folow. We are talking about the "Custodia de Sol", a model which meant an step forward in the craftsmanship of religious art.
La actividad de un artesano en Las Indias: el platero Juan Manuel Pasmiño (1770-1811)
Authors: Paniagua Pérez Jesús
Published: March 2022

The aim of this work is to write about the life of one of the most important silver craftsman in Cuenca, so as to explain the development of these group's existente in the last years of the Spanish control, and to show how daily life was in those places. Apart from that, this study describes the everyday development of a particular social group in a city of secondary importance, although with certain relevance in the Kingdom of Quito territories, in the Spanish America.
Los vestigios industriales: estudio, conservación y uso
Authors: Benito del Pozo Carmen
Published: March 2022

Conservation of industrial heritage as a cultural item has allowed the consolidation of a new discipline called Industrial Archaeology, focused on the study, catalogation and conservation of material remains linked to the process of industrialization which emerged from English revolution in late 18th century. The article analyzes the principles on which Community cultural policy is based, as well as the means of finance offered by European institutions to help projects of cultural heritage conservation. Finally, it describes the proceedings which are being carried out in Asturias regarding conservation and studies of industrial heritage.
La sociedad leonesa en la transición a la Edad Media
Authors: Sánchez Badiola Juan José
Published: March 2022

This work tries to make some contribution to the debate about the transition process from rale Antiquity to Early Middle Ages in León.
Pluriactividad y género: el empleo femenino en Castilla y León
Authors: González González María Jesús
Published: March 2022

El trabajo femenino medido convencionalmente en censos se refiere a las tareas remuneradas, que se identifican como trabajo productivo, aunque en determinadas profesiones se encuentra con dificultades sociales que dificulta dicho acceso. En este sentido se afirma que el trabajo no remunerado realizado por las mujeres es una actividad "natural", lo que ha dado lugar a que el rol desempeñado por las mujeres en las explotaciones familiares agrícolas haya sido tradicionalmente subestimado.
El culto a San Isidoro. Reliquias e imágenes. Iconografía sevillana
Authors: Sanz Serrano María Jesús
Published: March 2022

The main object of this paper is to study the way that Saint Isidore has been figured over the past centuries. Relics and reliquaries, as well as sculptures and pictures from León and Seville are studied in this research work.
El cancel de la Iglesia de San Marcos de León
Authors: Morais Vallejo Emilio
Published: March 2022

In the year 1749 the convent of San Marcos of León decided to build a new lattice gato in the church to separate the presbitery from the main nave; the principal intention was to create a sumptuous work. With this aim, it was made ara iron and bronze grille with barroque characteristics, on a pedestal of colours marble, charged to the architect Blas Suárez Gavilanes and finished by Sancho Menéndez, according to the documentation.
Las Humanidades e Internet
Authors: Alvite Díez María Luisa , Morán Suárez María Antonia
Published: March 2022

This paper examines the model of seeking's the humanits scholars, as the current state and developement of specialized, internet-based resources in the humanities. The selection of the informatin resources in this field is presented and evaluated.
Reinas e infantas en la decoración escultórica del claustro basilical de San Isidoro de León
Authors: Morais Vallejo Emilio
Published: March 2022

The main cloister of San Isidoro of León, reconstructed from 1731, features an scuptural decoration of relieves covering the upper part of the North and East walls. The main motives are portraits of queens and infantas of the medieval monarchy of León and Castilla, accompanied by sibyls, biblical women, allegories, triunphal chariots, etc. A decoration which is used to exalt the values of the monarchy, legitimized by tradition.
De palacio medieval a edificio eclecticista. Evolución de la casa palacio de los condes de Peñaflor en la calle Rúa de León
Authors: Pereiras Fernández M. L. , Campos Sánchez-Bordona María Dolores
Published: March 2022

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Guía de recursos de arte en Internet
Authors: Gallego Lorenzo Josefa , Morán Suárez María Antonia
Published: March 2022

The main object of this work is to enrich the understanding of art digital recourses. Proposal of a selection about the current state and developments of specialized intenet-based resources in the art in Spain.
Las distintas tendencias geográficas
Authors: González González María Jesús
Published: March 2022

This paper deals with the different geographical tendencies that have risen lately. The new technical statistic from the 50's onwards together with the influence of the social phenomena have given birth to a variety of new tendencies. The tradicional approach to Geography keeps away from these tendencies whose methods have been criticized.
Observaciones sobre el surgimiento del primer techo urbano leonés
Authors: Reguera Rodríguez Antonio Teodoro
Published: March 2022

Rome tries to systematize the guidelines of colonial rule in the NW of the lberian Peninsula by establishing schemes of spatial organization, in which military camps are included as the nuclei of highest strategic value in controlling and integrating the productive forces. The first towns in Leon developed according to these determinants.
Análisis e interpretación de un conflicto social de mediados del siglo XIII: el enfrentamiento Concejo de Ponferrada-Monasterio de Carracedo
Authors: Durany Castrillo Mercedes
Published: March 2022

About the middle of the l3th century, El Bierzo was the scenary of a serious social conflict, led by the town hall of Ponferrada, that rose up «in arms» against the king's «merino» and the monks of Carracedo, when the latter wanted to have under their authority the men from the enclosure of S. Andrés de Montejos who had become «inhabitants» of Ponferrada. This conflict, that comes to an end with the triumph of the monastery, does not have to be considered as a fight town hall aristocracy, but rather, as a confrontation within the upper classes  monastery urban oligarchy  that show some similar interests in the appropriation of the income from the other social classes.
El viaje en la formación del artista contemporáneo
Authors: Hernando Javier
Published: March 2022

Artists have always travelled. But aboye all during their youth, searching to complete their apprenticeship. Howcver, our century has change the meaning of thar travel, doing it frequent, not only during formation years, but along all life. The internationalitation of artistic language imposes it
Newer orthodontic archwires: A review
Authors: Pathak Prajwal , Banerjee Rini , Duseja Saksham , Sharma Tarun
Published: March 2022

Orthodontics is a constantly evolving science, with new biomaterials being invented regularly. Orthodontic archwires are an integral part of orthodontic fixed appliances and are necessary for the delivery of forces that brings about biologic tooth movement. As an orthodontist, one needs to have a thorough understanding of the various biomaterials available to make maximum use of these archwires and achieve clinical success. This article discusses the newest orthodontic archwires and evaluates the literature that pertains to these newer archwires.
Driftodontics – A case series
Authors: Peddu Revathi , Dokku Aruna , Mallavarapu Kalyani , Lanka Devikanth
Published: March 2022

In spite of the tremendous improvements in technology that allow for fewer patients to require extractions, there are always patients who have significant enough crowding that ultimately necessitate the removal of premolars.

Alleviating the lower anterior crowding prior to placement of the fixed appliances shortens the time in braces, and allows self correction by natural drift. One such treatment strategy which allows all this is Driftodontics.

This paper is intended to bring forth the clinical advantages of driftodontics by showing some of our cases which achieved efficient results.
Off-label medications in pediatrics
Authors: C Unni Jeeson , Baby Joseph Ranjit
Published: March 2022

Usage of off label medications in infants, children and adolescents, is an important public health issue that needs to be addressed. An overwhelming number of drugs are prescribed in every pediatric specialty without proper labeling that is essential to ensure child safety. The problem is larger and more complex in the cases of medications used in neonates, infants and children with chronic and/or rare disease. The article also emphasises that off-label use if often acceptable and is often necessitated because of a lack of gold standard drug trials in this age group.
Antitussive effect of granule formulation on SO gas-induced cough in experimental animals
Authors: Tamboli Firoj A. , Jadhav Asha , Chavan Rohankumar , Thorat Vishal H. , Patil Ajit , Jadhav Shital
Published: March 2022

All over world cough is a common symptom in respiratory disease. When cough becomes severe, opioids act as a potent drug, but they have various side effects like sedation, constipation, etc. Therefore, there is a need to have an effective antitussive formulation, which doesn’t have respiratory depressant activity. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antitussive activity of granules containing extract using a cough model induced by Sulphur dioxide gas in experimental mice.

The antitussive effect of granule formulation on SO gas induced cough in experimental animals, which compared to standard codeine sulphate and the result was determined by statistical analysis.

The antitussive activity of the granules tested in control, standard and test animal group respectively, it was compared to standard codeine sulphate (10, 15, 20 mg/kg body weight). Codeine sulphate as a standard drug for suppression of cough, act as potent antitussive agent, which produced 25.29%, 33.33%, 47.13% inhibition in cough at a dose of 10mg/kg, 15mg/kg and 20mg/kg respectively, whereas, codeine sulphate (20mg/kg) showed a maximum inhibition of 47.13% (p<0.01) after 60 min. of experiment. The test group of mice was showed 41.17%, inhibition, in cough on treatment with granules after 60 min. of an experiment. This is very significant or nearly equal to a maximum dose of codeine sulphate (20mg/kg).

Statistical analysis shows very significant antitussive effects of granules at the level of p<0.01 in inhibiting the cough reflex at 200 mg/kg body wt. in comparison to the control group.
Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of benth against paracetamol and ccl induced liver damage in rats
Authors: Kumar Jain Deepak , Karole Sarita , Abbas Sahil , Abbas Nisha , Kare Pradeep
Published: March 2022

Hepatic diseases are flattering ordinary day by day and pose grave health threats to the life of humans. In sort to treat these diseases, the awareness of man is diverting towards herbal drugs, which are much safer and cost effectual than synthetic drugs. The aspire of this work was to explore antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic and aqueous extract of () bark for treatment of liver damage induced by CCland paracetamol (PCM) in rats. In vitro antioxidant activities aqueous and ethanolic extracts were also checked using 1-1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazine (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO), ABTS scavenging method. at chosen oral doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg levels of serum marker enzymes such as ALP, SGPT, SGOT, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin was reduced which indicate major hepatoprotective effects, when contrasted with silymarin and negative control. All the parameters wereobserved at oral dose of 500 mg/kg with extreme effects. The significant anti-oxidant activity was also demonstrated by the extracts. The preliminary screening of phytochemical indicates the presence of phenolics, tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrate and phytosterols. It is conceivable that extract of has activity of hepatoprotective against CCland paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity, due to the scavenging of free radical mechanisms demonstrated by phenolics and flavonoids, thus asserting its medicinal therapeutic role in liver diseases.
Implementation of the process by slurry and concentrate of pigments in latex-type paint formulas. Challenges and opportunities for planning
Authors: Paricaguan Belén , Muñoz José Luis , Sáenz-Palencia Laura
Published: March 2022

Changes in product production are limited by high costs in infrastructure, procedures, reformulations and / or substitution of raw materials. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and innovate technologies that minimize impacts, without damaging product quality standards. In paint formulations, the dispersion process is of vital importance, which is why this research evaluated the possibility of implementing the technique slurry and pigment concentrate in the traditional way of manufacturing latex-type paints of the premium line (satin and exterior), and partially eliminate the dispersion stage, maintaining the physicochemical characteristics according to Venezuelan COVENIN standards. For this, three types of slurries were used; I: Aqueous dispersion of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), magnesium silicate (MgSiO3) and Kaolin (Al2Si2O5 (OH)4), II: Aqueous dispersion of CaCO3, III: Aqueous dispersion of CaCO3 and Kaolin. Likewise, in the pigment concentrates, two types of aqueous dispersion of titanium dioxide (TiO2) of medium and high dispersibility were used. As a result, there were no significant variations in terms of the quality characteristics of the paints obtained through the process by slurry and pigment concentrate with respect to the traditional manufacturing process. In addition, a reduction of 102 minutes was achieved on the global manufacturing time, since the previous dispersion of the pigments and extenders present in the pigment concentrates and slurries was used, thus eliminating one of the four stages of the manufacturing process of the lines (scattering stage). With the use of slurries and pigment concentrates, it was possible to increase productivity by 31.20 %, becoming an alternative for paint manufacturers, without investing in new equipment.
Obtención de biodiésel por transesterificación in situ a partir de semillas de Jatropha curcas L.
Authors: Gomez-Delgado Edward Enrique , Nabarlatz Debora , Avellaneda-Vargas Fredy Augusto
Published: March 2022

Una desventaja del uso de biodiésel es su precio, debido a los altos costos de la materia prima y al acondicionamiento del aceite requerido para obtenerlo por medio de una transesterificación tradicional, lo que le impide alcanzar precios más accesibles y dificulta su competitividad con el diésel de petróleo. Por esta razón, se investigó una alternativa para la obtención de biodiésel mediante transesterificación in situ o extracción reactiva (ER) a partir de semillas de Jatropha curcas L. Con esta alternativa en auge, que no compite con el mercado alimenticio, se busca reducir etapas en el proceso de producción y así disminuir costos de operación respecto al método y aceites convencionales. Se determinó la influencia de la temperatura, concentración másica de catalizador (g NaOH/g aceite) y relación molar metanol:aceite, con el fin de maximizar el rendimiento y la concentración de FAME del biodiésel obtenido, mediante un diseño experimental central compuesto (DCC) con método de superficie de respuesta. Se encontró que las condiciones más apropiadas para la obtención de biodiésel por transesterificación in situ fueron una temperatura de reacción de 44 °C, con una concentración másica de catalizador respecto al aceite de 1,2 g NaOH/100 g aceite y una relación molar metanol:aceite de 135:1, con presencia de hexano, manteniendo constantes la velocidad de agitación (635 rpm) y el tiempo de reacción (3 h). En estas condiciones, se alcanza un rendimiento de 71,99 % p/p (g biodiésel/g aceite) y un contenido de FAME del 90,36 % p/p (g FAME/g biodiésel). Los resultados de este estudio establecen las bases para una alternativa al proceso tradicional que no necesita las etapas de extracción y pretratamiento de los aceites utilizados como materia prima, además de disminuir los lavados necesarios en el proceso convencional, que incrementan los costos de dicho proceso industrial e impactan en el medioambiente.
Energy Optimization of a Purely Renewable Autonomous Micro-Grid to Supply a Tourist Region
Authors: Ghennou Souad , Nasser Tandjaoui Mohamed , Benmoussa Dennai , Chellali Benachaiba
Published: March 2022

An autonomous micro-grid is generally based on fossil fuels. Recently, these systems are favored integrating existing renewable energies in very specific areas to achieve the sustainability of the energy sectors. Hydrogen is considered as means of storing and transmitting energy, especially nowadays, and the sufficiency required by remote areas can be achieved by using hybrid techniques. Our search is the electrification of a tourist site in the region of Kenadsa. In Bechar city, which is located in the south west of the Algerian state. Using an independent small electric network based on the hybridization of renewable energies. The hybrid energy system must be provided with a cost-effective energy solution for the project by optimizing its components, controlling, sizing them with better selection. This research evaluates the technical and economic feasibility of renewable energy systems. This work aims to reduce the total net cost of the pre-determined system as well as the cost of energy and unfulfilled load and to make CO2 emissions lower, this kind of studies is carried out using the simulation program HOMER Pro. At the end we ca say that the proposed system has good results for electrifying remote areas and at a conservative cost of electrical energy in order to establish sustainable areas.