bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soil invertebrates of coniferous forests along a gradient of air pollution (Komi Republic)
Authors: Kolesnikova Alla , Konakova Tatyana , Taskaeva Anastasia , Kudrin Alexey
Published: November 2021

The role of soil invertebrates in the cycle of substances, soil-forming processes and the provision of ecosystem services is undeniable. Therefore, soil invertebrates are valuable in bioindication studies. Comprehensive research of soil invertebrates in the production area of Mondi Syktyvkar JSC as the largest pulp and paper enterprise in the European part of Russia was initiated in 2003. A huge amount of data about composition, abundance and structure of soil macro- and mesofauna along an impact gradient was accumulated during the period from 2003 to 2019 years. These data can be used to study local biodiversity, monitor the state of soil invertebrate communities and assess the impact of the pulp and paper industry on the environment.

Datasets here presented include information from a monitoring programme for soil invertebrates that inhabit coniferous forests in the production area of Mondi Syktyvkar JSC (Komi Republic). The assemblages' structure of macrofauna, collembolans and nematodes are described. Information on the number of individuals of springtail species, nematodes genera and macrofauna taxa is given. A total of 11146 sampling events of macrofauna, 6673 sampling events of Collembola, and 2592 sampling events of Nematoda are recorded along a gradient of air pollution from pulp and paper industry emissions.
Le mensonge de l’enfant : un symptôme du dysfonctionnement des adultes
Authors: Chapellon Sébastien
Published: November 2021

Les petits mensonges verbalisés par un enfant ou un adolescent témoignent parfois d’une détresse qui s’ignore. Inconsciemment, cette attitude fait écho aux problèmes qui grèvent la communication entre les adultes. Lorsqu’il les manipule et semble apparemment vouloir les diviser, le sujet tente inconsciemment de se préserver de leurs dysfonctionnements. Ainsi, lorsqu’il s’appuie sur les dissensions entre les adultes qui l’encadrent pour obtenir ce qu’il veut d’eux, il est en fait animé par l’angoisse d’avoir affaire à un cadre insuffisamment contenant. La découverte du comportement mensonger d’un jeune sujet est donc l’occasion de prendre connaissance de l’existence d’un malaise familial ou institutionnel latent. Dans cet article, des situations banales de mensonge au sein de la famille sont utilisées pour éclairer celles, plus graves, qui peuvent se produire en contexte d’accompagnement institutionnel. Des situations cliniques mettent en lumière la manière avec laquelle un sujet pris en charge peut amplifier des tensions entre professionnels. Souvent il ne fait qu’attiser des incompréhensions non élaborées par l’équipe.
Égypte : affaiblir les islamistes en Libye
Authors: Mourad Hicham
Published: November 2021

L’action de l’Égypte envers le conflit en Libye a été dictée, dès le début, par un intérêt majeur : empêcher les islamistes de dominer le pouvoir. Pour y parvenir, Le Caire a soutenu politiquement et militairement le chef de l’Armée nationale libyenne, Khalifa Haftar, qu’il considérait comme le meilleur rempart contre les islamistes. L’échec de Haftar à renverser le gouvernement d’accord national (GAN) en juin 2020, en raison de l’intervention militaire de la Turquie, a contraint l’Égypte à modifier sa politique et à s’ouvrir finalement aux formations, y compris islamistes, qui composent le GAN. Désormais, l’Égypte cherche à atteindre son objectif anti-islamiste à travers l’exercice de son nouveau rôle de médiateur entre protagonistes libyens.
Les errances de la politique de la France en Libye
Authors: Lombardi Roland
Published: November 2021

Tout au long de la période s’étendant depuis la révolution libyenne du 15 février 2011 – à laquelle participa activement la France pour faire chuter le régime de Muammar Kadhafi – jusqu’à aujourd’hui, la politique de Paris en Libye connut des réajustements permanents. L’article présent se propose d’analyser l’évolution du rôle de la France durant ces dix dernières années de guerre civile.
Repenser la gouvernance sécuritaire en Libye : contraintes et opportunités
Authors: Berger Chloé
Published: November 2021

Les perspectives pour une stabilisation de la Libye et la résolution de ses conflits internes sont généralement abordées par le prisme d’une reconstruction et d’une consolidation répondant à l’existence d’institutions fortes. Or, la Libye a hérité de Muammar Kadhafi une faiblesse institutionnelle qui touche tous les secteurs, institution militaire comprise, dont les effets n’ont fait qu’empirer tout au long de ces dix dernières années. Penser une solution en Libye nécessite de revenir sur certaines idées préconçues et de repenser un modèle qui corresponde à la réalité du pays.
Les salafistes libyens après la révolution
Authors: Blanc Théo , Collombier Virginie
Published: November 2021

La révolution libyenne (2011) a profondément transformé le champ socio-politique salafiste et son rapport à l’État et au politique. Ces transformations recouvrent trois dynamiques principales : participation politique dans les instances de la transition, ‘milicisation’ dans le chaos sécuritaire libyen, et compétition dans le champ religieux entre mouvances salafistes. Celles-ci ont adopté des stratégies différentes pour répondre au nouvel environnement politico-militaire : influence par le bas pour les Madkhalis et influence par le haut pour les salafistes politiques et post-jihadistes. Par ailleurs, les dynamiques d’allégeance dans le contexte de polarisation Est-Ouest sont tributaires à la fois de l’équilibre des forces en présence et de considérations idéologiques. Dans un environnement politico-sécuritaire mouvant, il n’est toutefois pas toujours possible de faire coïncider impératifs idéologiques et impératifs stratégiques, lesquels semblent toujours primer sur l’idéologie.
Khalifa Haftar : économie de guerre et militarisation du jeu politique
Authors: Souilah Mouloud
Published: November 2021

Cet article examine l’usage de la prédation en vue de construire une économie de guerre, particulièrement dans la période post-Kadhafi. Il met en lumière le rôle joué par le maréchal Khalifa Haftar dans la militarisation du jeu politique. Par une lecture empirique de la guerre civile libyenne et de ses dynamiques et évolutions, l’auteur expose ici les aspects les plus importants de cette économie de guerre.
Le développement du discours israélien sur l’association Breaking The Silence : quand les fils du peuple deviennent l’ennemi du peuple
Authors: Perelman Nitzan
Published: November 2021

Cet article traite de la manière dont s’est développé le discours israélien sur l’association Breaking the Silence, de sa fondation en juin 2004 à la promulgation de la Loi Breaking The Silence en juillet 2018. En analysant ce discours dans trois sphères – politique, médiatique et civile –, il est possible de mettre en lumière la grande différence entre l’attention positive qu’attiraient les militants de l’association au début de leur travail et la manière dont on les qualifie actuellement en Israël : « les traîtres ». Il s’agit donc d’une analyse chronologique marquée par trois revirements principaux, influençant le discours public israélien en général et celui sur l’association en particulier : la seconde Intifada et les deux opérations militaires israéliennes à Gaza – Plomb Durci (2008) et Bordure protectrice (2014).
Les volontaires dans la formation de l’appareil militaire ukrainien (2014-2018)
Authors: Fomitchova Anastasia
Published: November 2021

En Ukraine, l’entrée dans le conflit armé au printemps 2014 se heurte à l’impréparation des forces armées nationales. Dans le contexte postrévolutionnaire, la mobilisation s’organise à partir de mouvements spontanés, et s’appuie sur des réseaux civils d’assistance aux groupes armés. Malgré un processus de rationalisation de l’appareil militaire, la gestion quotidienne de la guerre montre la prévalence de logiques informelles, et le maintien d’un certain degré d’autogestion des unités combattantes en interaction avec les réseaux de volontaires et les associations civiles. Mais la délégation d’une partie des fonctions de l’appareil militaire à des acteurs civils ne s’apparente pas à des phénomènes de décharge classique, car l’État demeure le cadre de référence pour les acteurs mobilisés. Ainsi, l’implication des acteurs pour prendre en charge une fonction régalienne participe à la formation d’un appareil militaire, et a fortiori de l’État dans la guerre.
Mémoires et transmissions des guerres de Tchétchénie
Authors: Gloriozova Ekaterina
Published: November 2021

Cet article propose quelques pistes pour élaborer une sociologie des souvenirs des vétérans russes des guerres de Tchétchénie. Quels sont les facteurs qui facilitent ou empêchent l’expression des souvenirs de guerre ? Qu’est-ce qui conduit certains vétérans à adopter une vision critique des mises en récit officielles des guerres de Tchétchénie ou de l’institution militaire tandis que d’autres y conforment leurs discours ? Si les souvenirs des vétérans russes portent la marque d’un contexte historique, politique et social spécifique, les représentations du passé s’insèrent également dans les trajectoires et ruptures biographiques, elles-mêmes tributaires des diverses socialisations des individus. Parmi celles-ci, le milieu professionnel, la famille et les groupes d’anciens combattants jouent un rôle particulièrement important dans l’encadrement et l’expression des souvenirs de guerre.
Espace psychique, lieu analytique, Makom
Authors: Chetrit-Vatine Viviane , Granek Michel
Published: November 2021

Constatant l’apparente inévitabilité et la fréquence des métaphores spatiales dans les écrits psychanalytiques, les auteurs se penchent sur la raison d’être et les vicissitudes de ces métaphores. Ils étudient les caractéristiques de l’espace psychique, du lieu analytique, de leur interaction en mettant l’accent sur l’espace potentiel et l’agir. Partant du concept de séduction originaire, ils proposent celui de séduction éthique ; ils introduisent la notion de messages énigméthiques qui reprennent et dépassent les messages énigmatiques. En découle le concept d’espace matriciel qu’ils explicitent dans le cadre d’une métapsychologie prenant en compte sexual et infini. L’aspect théorico-pratique de l’analyse en Israël, en son contexte socio-politico-culturel est illustré par plusieurs cas cliniques. Ils proposent enfin la notion de Makom, espace de construction d’une hétéro-spatialité (et hétéro-temporalité), dans lequel la dimension spatio-temporelle est dépassée par celles d’éthique et d’infinité.
Discussion du rapport de Viviane Chetrit-Vatine et Michel Granek
Authors: Smadja Claude
Published: November 2021

La discussion du rapport Chetrit-Granek porte sur deux questions majeures : l’importation d’un concept étranger dans le champ psychanalytique et l’éthique psychanalytique. L’auteur discute du point de vue épistémologique la pertinence d’importer, dans le champ de la psychanalyse, un concept philosophique, celui de responsabilité affectée et asymétrique pour l’autre, concept issu de la philosophie de Levinas. Par ailleurs l’auteur met en question la question éthique posée par les auteurs du rapport. Le supplément d’éthique dont les auteurs du rapport dotent l’analyste peut être source de conflits nouveaux pour le patient en raison de la nature de ses propres idéaux et de la qualité de son surmoi.
Survivance de la survie et « férocité d’inscription »
Authors: Cupa Dominique
Published: November 2021

Partant du témoignage que lui a fait un survivant de Bergen Belsen, l’auteure avance que face à la destructivité nazie, l’après-coup soumis à l’impératif d’inscription articulant traces du passé et formations représentatives peut soutenir la survie de la survivance et sa transmission grâce au lien d’objet à long terme. Cependant, faute d’un « pourquoi » un trou noir psychique absorbe une part du processus d’inscription.
« Un mur tombe pendant la séance… »
Authors: Gampel Yolanda
Published: November 2021

La réalité extérieure fait tomber les murs du congrès et les murs dans la séance. On a du mal avec les effets du télescopage entre théories normatives et ce nouveau désordre. Face à ce désordre, nous n’avons ni théories ni définitions permettant d’en déduire les effets. Obligés d’accepter que nous appartenions en même temps à de multiples strates, nous cheminons avec une dynamique d’errance. Les événements laissent des marques profondes de la douleur sociale sur les histoires individuelles et collectives. Leurs significations ainsi que leurs effets produisent une césure : un « avant » et un « après ». Dorénavant nous vivons un quotidien qui englobe à la fois l’avant et l’après, un « aujourd’hui » sans fin menaçant et douloureux.
De l’hypermnésie à la mémoire de l’oubli
Authors: Parat Hélène
Published: November 2021

Cet article expose un travail psychanalytique en face à face, qui se fit en plusieurs temps, séparés par plusieurs années. Certains de ces temps se firent dans le cadre alors inhabituel de séances au téléphone, justifiées par un après-coup traumatique, avec plusieurs années de latence. Il permit qu’une hypermnésie défensive, qui palliait les silences et les trous dans l’histoire familiale durablement marquée par la Shoah, cède la place à une mémoire retrouvée dans l’apaisement enfin possible.
Croire et ne pas croire à ce qui a eu lieu ou non
Authors: Orasanu Brindusa
Published: November 2021

L’espace culturel offre des médiations ou des détours nécessaires à la réflexion psychanalytique. À son tour, bien que de manière non symétrique, la clinique psychanalytique peut offrir un espace onirique de pensée des phénomènes culturels, par des équivalences de nature et non pas de degré. Cette extension de la vision freudienne sur la différence de degré et non de nature entre normal et pathologique, qui suggère un principe de continuité, est illustrée par une vignette clinique.
Psychanalyse, topique et lieux de mémoire
Authors: Voizot Bernard
Published: November 2021

Le psychanalyste élabore le cadre de la situation analytique à partir de sa culture, de ses lectures et de ses rencontres. Cela lui permet de contenir la destructivité transmise sur le mode verbal et non verbal dans la topique interactive. Être présent à la vie d’un lieu de mémoire participe aussi à cette construction du méta cadre psychanalytique.
Non-transmission et reniement. L’analyse quand même
Authors: Chauvet Évelyne
Published: November 2021

Effets psychiques d’une non-transmission volontaire et imposée, associée à un reniement identitaire. Exemple d’une cure analytique consentie malgré la radicalité de la coupure avec le passé imposée. L’« analyse quand même », conduite sous le signe de la paradoxalité et du négatif, aura permis une reconstruction au moins partielle de l’historique manquant à partir de l’histoire de la cure.
Nonlinear nonlocal reaction-diffusion problem with local reaction
Authors: Rodríguez-Bernal Aníbal , Sastre-Gómez Silvia
Published: November 2021

In this paper we analyse the asymptotic behaviour of some nonlocal diffusion problems with local reaction term in general metric measure spaces. We find certain classes of nonlinear terms, including logistic type terms, for which solutions are globally defined with initial data in Lebesgue spaces. We prove solutions satisfy maximum and comparison principles and give sign conditions to ensure global asymptotic bounds for large times. We also prove that these problems possess extremal ordered equilibria and solutions, asymptotically, enter in between these equilibria. Finally we give conditions for a unique positive stationary solution that is globally asymptotically stable for nonnegative initial data. A detailed analysis is performed for logistic type nonlinearities. As the model we consider here lack of smoothing effect, important focus is payed along the whole paper on differences in the results with respect to problems with local diffusion, like the Laplacian operator.
Instability of the soliton for the focusing, mass-critical generalized KdV equation
Authors: Dodson Benjamin , Gavrus Cristian
Published: November 2021

In this paper we prove instability of the soliton for the focusing, mass-critical generalized KdV equation. We prove that the solution to the generalized KdV equation for any initial data with mass smaller than the mass of the soliton and close to the soliton in \begin{document}$ L^{2} $\end{document} norm must eventually move away from the soliton.
Design and Development of a Hybrid DC-DC Converter for Solar-Battery-Based Standalone Milk Vending Machine
Authors: K. J. Aneeja , Krishna Bekkam , Karthikeyan V.
Published: November 2021

Dairying has become a major secondary source of income for several rural families. The easily perishable nature of milk increases the spoilage of the product and reduces the dairy farms' productivity in rural areas due to power supply shortage issues. In order to overcome the inaccessibility of proper preservation strategies, this chapter proposed a hybrid DC-DC converter for a solar battery-powered milk vending machine. This proposed system can work continuously and provides an uninterrupted power supply to maintain the milk quality at an optimum level. Moreover, the proposed system utilized a novel converter to reduce the number of power conversion stages and compact the system. Besides, the proposed converter can achieve a higher gain ratio with fewer components. Furthermore, a proper algorithmic-based control scheme has been implemented to maintain effective power flow management. Finally, to verify the feasibility and performance of the system, detailed results are obtained at different dynamic conditions, and various case studies are presented in this chapter.
Matrix Converter
Authors: Vyas Megha , Vyas Shripati
Published: November 2021

The matrix converter (MC) has recently attracted significant attention among researchers because of its applications in wind energy conversion, military power supplies, induction motor drives, etc. Recently, different MC topologies have been proposed and developed which have their own advantages and disadvantages. Matrix converter can be classified as a direct and indirect structure. This chapter aims to give a general description of the basic features of a three phase to three phase matrix converters in terms of performance and of technological issues. Matrix converter is a direct AC-AC converter topology that is able to directly convert energy from an AC source to an AC load without the need of a bulky and limited lifetime energy storage element. AC-AC topologies receive extensive research attention for being an alternative to replace traditional AC-DC-AC converters in the variable voltage and variable frequency AC drive applications.
Anvisa's Prior Consent as a Contribution to Global Health and the One Health System
Authors: Soares Jaqueline Mendes , Correa Marilena Cordeiro Dias Villea
Published: November 2021

The participation of the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) in the granting of patents for pharmaceutical products and processes in Brazil took place since 2001, giving this sector of the Ministry of Health unprecedented legal competence, until then exclusive to the entity of the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI). This chapter proposes to analyze the technical and legal aspects inherent to patenting combined with the ability to make political decisions in favor of implementing flexibilities in the patent examination of medicines that may be favorable to public health. John Kingdon's Multiple Flows Model was the methodology chosen to understand the most relevant factors that influenced the government's agenda for the creation of Anvisa's prior consent. The results allowed to outline the political window that materialized the formulation of the public policy in question, as well as to call attention to the fundamental importance for the protection of the current needs of humanity and of its future generations inserted in the concept of One Health.
Productive Development Partnership in Brazil
Authors: Silveira Carla , Barroso Wanise , Correa Marilena C. D. V.
Published: November 2021

Brazil was one of the first countries to adopt significant health policies to better attend people with HIV. The integrated analysis of the high cost of medicines, public health, and access to medicines comprises an extremely complex task, and Productive Development Partnerships (PDP) was the mechanism used by the Brazilian government, with a view to technological development and training of national production complex. The PDP of atazanavir was formalized in late 2011, and the agreement includes the transfer of technology, manufacturing, and distribution of the drug. The PDP emerges as a solution found by the government to minimize the Ministry of Health drug spending and encourage the local production. However, one should not ignore that there are risks associated with regulatory barriers and problems in negotiations with the holders of technology. Thus, this chapter presents a case study of the successes the management information of the productive development partnerships in Brazil as a collaborative tool for global health.
Hypertensive Retinopathy Classification Using Improved Clustering Algorithm and the Improved Convolution Neural Network
Authors: Usharani Bhimavarapu
Published: November 2021

Hypertensive retinopathy is a disorder that causes hypertension which includes abnormalities in the retina that triggers vision problems. An effective automatic diagnosis and grading of the hypertensive retinopathy would be very useful in the health system. This chapter presents an improved activation function on the CNN by recognizing the lesions present in the retina and afterward surveying the influenced retina as indicated by the hypertensive retinopathy various sorts. The current approach identifies the symptoms associated of retinopathy for hypertension. This chapter presents an up-to-date review on hypertensive retinopathy detection systems that implement a variety of image processing techniques, including fuzzy image processing, along various improved activation function techniques used for feature extraction and classification. The chapter also highlights the available public databases, containing eye fundus images, which can be currently used in the hypertensive retinopathy research.
Predictive Analytics for Healthcare
Authors: N. Pushpalatha M. , A. Parkavi , Alex Sini Anna
Published: November 2021

The healthcare scheme in India has a lot of differences between rural and urban areas in terms of quality along with changes in private and public healthcare systems. The healthcare system is massive in India and full of inconsistencies and complexities like the other countries. Predictive analytics will help to improve the healthcare systems by providing valuable insight in healthcare. A huge amount of different data sets is generated because of the digitization of healthcare. This digitization allows us to use predictive analytics for better patient outcomes. Predictive analytics is utilized in decision-making activities and prediction making about the future events which are unknown. In this chapter, a brief overview of the Indian healthcare systems is given, along with data representations, challenges, issues, and risks associated with applying predictive analytics in healthcare and case studies with respect to regression and classification models.
Continuous infusion of lidocaine in pediatric colonoscopy
Authors: Yuan Chao , Wang Chengli , Wu Jiayao , Gao Ningyang , Li Kunwei , Li Yongle , Huang Xizhao , Huang Wei , Hu Zurong
Published: November 2021

Background:

Propofol is commonly used for providing procedural sedation during pediatric colonoscopy. Intravenous (i.v.) lidocaine can mitigate visceral pain and reduce propofol requirements during surgery. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of i.v. lidocaine on perioperative propofol and sufentanil dose, pulse oxygen saturation, postoperative pain score, and recovery time during pediatric colonoscopy.

Methods:

We designed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study and enrolled 40 children aged from 3 to 10 years who underwent colonoscopy. After titration of propofol to achieve unconsciousness, the patients were given i.v. lidocaine (1.5 mg/kg later 2 mg/kg/ hour) or the same volume of saline. Sedation was standardized and combined propofol with sufentanil. The primary outcome variables were intraoperative propofol and sufentanil requirements, and the number of oxygen desaturation episodes. Secondary outcome variables were recovery time after colonoscopy and post-colonoscopy pain.

Results:

Lidocaine infusion resulted in a significant reduction in propofol requirements: (median (quartile) 1.8 (1.5-2.0) vs. 3.0 (2.8-3.3) mg/kg respectively; P < 0.001) and sufentanil requirements: (median (quartile) 0.06 (0.05-0.08) vs. 0.1 (0.1-0.1) μg/kg respectively; P < 0.001). The number of subjects who experienced oxygen desaturation below 95% in the lidocaine group was also significantly less than that in the control group: 1 vs. 6 (P = 0.04). The mean (SD) recovery time was significantly shorter in the lidocaine group: (19.2 (2.6) vs. 13.3 (2.6) min respectively; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in post-colonoscopy pain.

Conclusion:

Continuous infusion of lidocaine resulted in reduction of propofol and sufentanil requirements, recovery time, and risk of hypoxemia during pediatric colonoscopy.
3D CAD for SAE J826 H-Point Machine
Authors:   Human Accom and Design Devices Stds Comm
Published: November 2021

This document describes the 3D computer-aided design (CAD) parts and file formats for the HPM-1 H-point machine available from SAE. The intended purpose for this information is to provide a master CAD reference for design and benchmarking.
Self-esteem of agriculture students at the University of Ibadan and the Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Nigeria
Authors: Badiru Idris Olabode , Oguntala Funmilola Omolola , Sanusi Mohammed Kabiru
Published: November 2021

The study investigated self-esteem of agriculture students of the University of Ibadan and the Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta in Southwestern, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 117 and 124 students from the conventional university and agriculture-based university respectively. A structured questionnaire was used in data collection and analysed with percentages, Chi-square, PPMC and independent t-test. The students from the University of Ibadan (UI) preferred medicine (x̄ = 1.14), had unfavourable perception (87.2%) about agriculture and low self-esteem (85.5%) while students from the Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta (FUNAAB) preferred agriculture (x̄ = 1.48), had favourable perception (82.7%) about agriculture and high self-esteem (89.5%). Self-esteem was significantly related to family structure and preferred course of study in UI while sex and perception towards agriculture is significantly related to self-esteem of students in FUNAAB. There were significant differences in self-esteem of students in UI and FUNAAB and that of 100 level and 500 level students in UI. School counsellors should promote careers and opportunities in agriculture to make it popular and attractive to the students.
Digitization of agricultural extension system for effective management of emergency in Nigeria
Authors: Olagunju Oluwatoyin , Adetarami Oluwaseun , Koledoye Gbenga Festus , Olumoyegun Adewumi Temidire , Nabara Isah Shehu
Published: November 2021

This paper presents challenges facing agricultural extension system in Nigeria most especially, during crises and emergencies, which necessitate the adoption of digitizing extension systems as a basis for improving farmers’ access to extension services during emergencies. The emergence of ICTs has given rise to digitization, which is the delivery of agricultural advice via audiovisual messages (video), interactive voice response (IVR) and short message services (SMS) among others. Efforts should be made by the stakeholders in agricultural extension to digitize the country's extension system by capitalizing on the existing enthusiasm among extension practitioners, and farmers using lessons of best practices from elsewhere.
Leflunomide inhibits inflammation and apoptosis of H9c2 cells induced by hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Xie Jing , Qin Yeyu , Yu Cheng
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To investigate the effects of leflunomide (Lef) on inflammatory response and apoptosis after myocardial infarction, and to explore its molecular mechanisms of action.Methods: H2O2 and H9c2 cells were used to establish myocardial cell injury model in vitro. H9c2 cells were divided into 3 groups: control group, H2O2 group, H2O2 + Lef group. The CCK-8 assay was used to determine the optimal concentration of H2O2 and Lef, while the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, Bcl-2, Bax, Bad, TLR4, IκB-α, P65 and p-P65 were evaluated by Western blot. PCI was utilized to detect the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, Bcl-2, Bax and Bad mRNA. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in supernatant were assessed by ELISA, while apoptosis of the three groups was evaluated by TUNEL staining and flow cytometry.Results: Compared with H2O2 group, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, Bax and Bad expressions in H2O2+Lef group were significantly reduced (p < 0.05), but Bcl-2 expression significantly increased. The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 and IL-1β in supernatant of H2O2 + Lef group were also decreased compared to those in the H2O2 group (p < 0.05). In addition, TUNEL-positive cells and apoptotic rates were significantly reduced after treatment with Lef. Moreover, Lef inhibited expression of TLR4 and p-P65, but activated expression of IκB-α, indicating that Lef inhibited TLR4/NF-κB pathway (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The results show that Lef inhibits H2O2-induced H9c2 cell apoptosis and inflammatory responses by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB pathway. These findings may provide new targets for the treatment of myocardial infarction.
Synergistic anti-atherosclerotic effect of Yerba Maté (Illex Paraguariensis) polyphenols and Lox-1 silencing in foam cell model
Authors: Yu Shao-Hong , Fu Hui , Yin Yan-Yan , Yue Zhao-Di , Liu Yi-Bo , Zhao Ren-Jie , Du Bing-Yu , Lee Shin-Da
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To elucidate the anti-atherosclerotic effect of Yerba Mate polyphenols (MP) as well as the anti-atherosclerotic effect of a combination of MP and silencing of lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 interference group (LOX)-1.Methods: The anti-atherosclerotic effects of control group (CG), simvastatin group (SG), MP group (MP), LOX-1 interference group (LOX) and MP + LOX-1 interference group (MP-LOX) were determined using Oil Red O staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot assay.Results: The levels of foam cells, intracellular lipids, viz, total cholesterol (TC), free cholesterol (FC), cholesterol ester (CE) and acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1); LOX-1, inflammation (TNF-alpha, IL-6 and pNF-κB/NF-κB); adhesion molecular status (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in SG and in MP, LOX and MP-LOX groups were significantly decreased, when compared with CG (p < 0.01). The levels of these parameters were much lower in MPLOX group than in SG (p < 0.01). However, they were synergistically reduced in MP-LOX group, relative to MP group or LOX group (p < 0.01). Combination of LOX-1 gene silencing with MP produced synergistic anti-atherosclerotic effect which was reflected in decreases in foam cell formation, intracellular lipids, inflammatory status, adhesion molecular status, and MCP-1-mediated migration and infiltration of macrophages in foam cells.Conclusion: The synergistic anti-atherosclerotic effects of MP and LOX-1 gene silencing may be potential tools for development of anti-atherosclerotic agents.
Efficacy and prognosis following combined cinepazaide maleate/nimodipine therapy in cerebral vasospasm patients after hemorrhage
Authors: Wu Tao , Chen Fangshu , Xiao Hanyan , Xu Tianying
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and prognosis following treatment of cerebral vasospasm (CVS) patients with a combination of cinnarizide maleate and nimodipine after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).Methods: Eighty-eight patients with CVS after SAH were selected and divided into control group (CG) and study group (EG), each with 44 patients (n = 44). Patients in CG were treated with intravenous infusion of cinnarizide maleate, while those in EG received intravenous infusion of cinnarizide maleate together, and their clinical efficacy and prognosis were compared.Results: Compared with CG, total treatment effectiveness (response) in EG was significantly higher, while levels of inflammatory factors were lower (p < 0.05). Serum protein levels of S100 β and ET-1, and MCA blood flow velocity in EG were notably lower (p < 0.05), but GCS scores were highercompared with CG (p < 0.05). The NIHSS scores were lower and BI indices were higher in EG than in CG (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Treatment of CVS patients after SAH using a combination of cinnarizide maleate and nimodipine effectively reduces the levels of inflammatory factors, improves quality of prognosis, and relieves symptoms of CVS, when compared with administration of cinnarizide maleate only. Therefore, the combination treatment is recommended for the management of CVS after SAH.
Effects of Qijin granules on high glucose-induced proliferation, apoptosis and expression of nuclear factor- κB and MCP-1 in rat glomerular mesangial cells
Authors: Yang Yuanfeng , Xiong Gaocai , Yang Renhui , Li Yuchuan , Luo Yuling , Xiong Ruihong
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To investigate the effects of Qijin granules on high glucose-induced proliferation and apoptosis in rat glomerular mesangial cells (MC).Methods: MC cells from rats were passaged and cultured, and randomly divided into control group (CNG), high glucose group (HGG), Western medicine group (WMG, high glucose + Benazepril + Gliquidone), and Qijin granules 1/2/3 group (high glucose + different doses of Qijin granules). Mesangial cells proliferation was measured using MTT assay. The NF-κB, MCP-1 and inflammatory factors in supernatant were determined by ELISA. Apoptosis rate and cell cycle were assessed by flow cytometry. The apoptosis-related TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway-related protein expressions were measured by Western blot.Results: The A-value and early apoptosis rate, apoptosis rate and S-phase percentage, and protein expressions of NF-κB, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-2, TNF-ɑ, Bax, Cyt-C, caspase-3, TGF-β1, and p-Smad3 of MC cells in the HGG at 12 h, 24 h and 48 h were higher than those in the CNG. The above indices were lower in the WMG, and Qijin granules 1/2/3 groups than in the HGG. The Bcl-2, Smad7 protein expression level and the percentage of G1 and G2/M phase were lower in the HGG than in the CNG, and the above indeices were higher in the WMG and Qijin granules 1/2/3 group than in HGG.Conclusion: Qijin granules can dose-dependently inhibit high glucose-induced proliferation and apoptosis in rat MC cells, block the cell cycle and reduce inflammatory responses. This may be related to the regulation of NF-κB, MCP-1 and TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathways. These findings provide theoretical and experimental basis for the clinical treatment of early diabetic nephropathy.
Earthquake effects and insights on fault activity at the Beatrice Cenci cave (Abruzzo, Central Apennines)
Authors: Laura Leonilde Alfonsi  , Francesca Romana Cinti
Published: November 2021

he focus of this study is the analysis of a cave in Central Italy, the Beatrice Cenci cave, in order to point out and constrain evidence of possible past earthquakes and of fault activity in the area. We performed a survey of seismic related damages within the cave. This included the analysis of broken/collapsed speleothems, the recognition of structural collapse, of tilting/growth alteration in the speleothems, and the mapping of fractures, joints and/or faults. To timely set the occurrence of the recognized damage, organic sediments were dated with 14C radiocarbon method. The results merged toward the recognition of two distinct seismic shaking events affecting the cave environment, one older than 30 kyr and another around 7 kyr. The deformation observed within the cave led us to the hypothesis that the events of damage were possibly linked to the activity of the regional tectonic lineament that crosses the cave, i.e., the Liri normal fault. The morphology and the evolution of the cave appear controlled by the fault zone. These speleoseismological results provided a new contribution on the knowledge of the past activity of the Liri fault and on the earthquake history of this sector of Central Apennines.
Combination of regional and global geoid models at continental scale: application to Iranian geoid
Authors: Mahin Hosseini-Asl  , Alireza Amiri-Simkooei  , Abdolreza Safari
Published: November 2021

High precision geoid determination is a challenging task at the national scale. Many efforts have been conducted to determine precise geoid, locally or globally. Geoid models have different precision depending on the type of information and the strategy employed when calculating the models. This contribution addresses the challenging problem of combining different regional and global geoid models, possibly combined with the geometric geoid derived from GNSS/leveling observations. The ultimate goal of this combination is to improve the precision of the combined model. We employ fitting an appropriate geometric surface to the geoid heights and estimating its (co)variance components. The proposed functional model uses the least squares 2D bi-cubic spline approximation (LS-BICSA) theory, which approximates the geoid model using a 2D spline surface fitted to an arbitrary set of data points in the region. The spline surface consists of third- order polynomial pieces that are smoothly connected together, imposing some continuity conditions at their boundaries. In addition, the least-squares variance component estimation (LS- VCE) is used to estimate precise weights and correlation among different models. We apply this strategy to the combined adjustment of the high-degree global gravitational model EIGEN-6C4, the regional geoid model IRG2016, and the Iranian geometric geoid derived from GNSS/leveling data. The accuracy of the constructed surface is investigated with five randomly selected subsamples of check points. The optimal combination of the two geoid models along with the GNSS/leveling data shows a reduction of 21 mm (~20%) in the RMSE values of discrepancies at the check points.
Aromanian – Language or Dialect? Overview of Historical and Contemporary Opinions
Authors: Oczko Anna
Published: November 2021

This article aims at presenting two concepts from the modern typology of the Romance languages, with a special focus on the Aromanian ethnolect. The first concept, which is widely accepted in the Romanian linguistics and was most prevalent before the Second World War, does not recognise Aromanian as a separate language, but treats it as one of four dialects of the Romanian language. The second movement, much closer to modern Romanist research at the international level, opts for a full autonomy of all Balkan Romance ethnolects and attributes to them statuses of national languages. It also negates the existence of a common Romanian language in the first millennium, arguing that the Balkan Romance languages developed independently from a late form of Balkan Latin around the 11th century.
The Role of Bodybuilding in the Transformation of Grief.
Authors:   , Foster Emma
Published: November 2021

Grief is a universal human experience associated with loss and bereavement. The price we pay for love. The symptomology of grief closely resembles depression, and they frequently co-occur. Exercise is considered an effective intervention used in the treatment of depression and in the promotion of positive mental health but its use can also go to extremes. Bodybuilding might be considered one such extreme where the goal is to develop musculature beyond functionality and for aesthetic merit. In men, the bodybuilding process is of interest as it is an example of very challenging external self-development and growth, but has not yet been explored in the context of potentially being a process of internal self- development and one of transforming grief. In order to understand more about male bodybuilders and the potential relationship between bodybuilding and grief, the present work explores coping with and transforming grief in male bodybuilders. The aims were to explore male bodybuilders’ lived experiences and perceptions in order to better understand the psychology involved and better inform health interventions. A qualitative approach has been taken with eight participants using semi structured interviews. The thematic analysis provided the following superordinate themes: Precipitating factors, coping mechanisms, developing self, health and wellbeing and psychosocial influences. Within each theme sat smaller themes which begin to tell the story of these male bodybuilders’ motivations. Wide ranging, from simple enjoyment to more complex accounts of using bodybuilding as a means of managing the difficulties of daily life, including grief. It is concluded that male bodybuilders’ motivations are varied, complex and personal and that interventions must be tailored as such. The current work begins to give male bodybuilders an academic voice and highlights the need for further research.
Letter from the Editors: Special Forum on “Managing Reputation across Borders”
Authors: Deephouse David L. , Gardberg Naomi , Newburry William
Published: November 2021

This issue explores the importance of managing reputation across borders. Despite extensive literature examining antecedents and consequences of firm-level reputation, multinational enterprise (MNE) managers face challenges managing reputations across different countries. Our ability to advise these managers would benefit from better understanding factors influencing reputation development across countries and the ways that reputations can be transferred across borders. We create a roadmap of opportunities for more research in this area and introduce the four issue articles related to managing reputation across borders. The issue also contains one article addressing challenges for qualitative research about international business in the Covid-19 era.
What is the Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Selected Ready-to-Eat Foods?
Authors: Haynes Dr Edward , Conyers Chris , Kennedy Dr Marc , Macarthur Roy , McGreig Sam , Walshaw Dr John
Published: November 2021

This study was designed to get a broad estimate of the presence and the types of antimicrobial resistance genes across 52 simple ready-to-eat foods. It was also carried out to understand the benefits and drawbacks of using metagenomic sequencing, a fairly new technology, to study AMR genes. An antimicrobial is any substance that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms. It includes antibiotics which are used to treat bacterial infections in both humans and animals. Given the relevant selective pressures, the bacteria itself can change and ﬁnd ways to survive the effects of an antimicrobials. This results in the bacteria becoming resistant to the ‘killing’ effects of antimicrobials and is known as ‘antimicrobial resistance’. The more we use antimicrobials and antibiotics and the way that we use them can increase the chance that bacteria will become resistant to antimicrobials. This is important as it can lead to infections that become more difficult to treat with drugs and poses a risk to the public health. T Addressing AMR is a national strategic priority for the UK Government which has led to the development of a new 20-year Vision for AMR and the 5-year National Action Plan (NAP), which runs until 2024. The NAP lays out how the UK will address the AMR challenge and takes a ‘One-Health’ approach which spans people, animals, agriculture, food and the environment. The NAP includes a specific section on the importance of better food safety to limit the contamination of foods and spread of AMR. This section emphasises the need to strengthen the evidence base for AMR and food safety through research, surveillance and promoting good practice across the food chain. The FSA is playing its part by continuing to fill evidence gaps on the role that food plays in AMR through the commissioning of research and surveillance. We are also promoting and improving UK food hygiene (‘4Cs’ messages) across the food chain that will help reduce exposure to AMR bacteria.
THE MODEL OF GAS DISCHARGE SUSTAINED BY THE QUADRUPOLE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE IN WAVEGUIDE STRUCTURE WITH VARYING RADIUS OF METAL ENCLOSURE
Authors: Azarenkov N.A. , Olefir V.P. , Sporov A.E.
Published: November 2021

This article presents the results of the theoretical study of stationary state of gas discharge sustained by the electromagnetic wave with azimuth wavenumber m = −2 in three component magnetized plasma-metal waveguide structure of slightly varying radius of metal enclosure in the framework of electromagnetic model. It was studied the influence of the external magnetic field value, the electron effective collision frequency and other parameters on the phase characteristics, spatial attenuation, discharge stability and axial plasma density profile in the structure with constant radius of metal waveguide and with radius that varies slightly along the discharge.
УПРУГОПЛАСТИЧЕСКОЕ ДЕФОРМИРОВАНИЕ БОРТОВЫХ
ПЕРЕКРЫТИЙ ПРИ РАЗНОМ ХАРАКТЕРЕ НАГРУЖЕНИЯ
Authors: Притыкин Алексей Игоревич
Published: November 2021

Приведены результаты деформирования бортовых перекрытий с регулярно расположенными шпангоутами и одним стрингером при действии распределен-ных ледовых нагрузок и нагрузок при швартовках. Исследования проводились численным методом с использованием программного комплекса ANSYS по спе-циально разработанной автором программе. В настоящее время в литературе нет данных, позволяющих оценить напряженно-деформированное состояние пере-крытий ни в упругой, ни тем более в упругопластической области. Имеющиеся теоретические решения относятся в основном к расчету перекрытий с нагрузкой, равномерно распределенной по всей площади обшивки, в то время как большин-ство остаточных деформаций в них обусловлены ледовыми или швартовными нагрузками, действующими на ограниченных площадях. Рассмотрен характер де-формирования связей перекрытий и образования пластических шарниров при разных схемах воздействия нагрузок на перекрытия. Диаграмма нагружения зада-ется в билинейной форме с модулем упрочнения в сто раз меньшим модуля упру-гости. Расчету на ледовые нагрузки, приложенные по линии бортового стрингера, подвергается реальное бортовое перекрытие ледокола типа Oden. Установлено, что наиболее нагруженными зонами шпангоутов, где появляются первые пласти-ческие деформации, являются их сечения на опорном контуре. Из-за большой ширины присоединенного пояска обшивка у контура перекрытия практически никогда не переходит в пластическое состояние. Единственным слабым местом последней является ее продавливание при швартовках в открытом море, в результате чего появляется гофрировка типа «худая лошадь». Выполненные расчеты позволяют оценить порядок прогибов при упругопластическом деформировании перекрытий, которые невозможно подсчитать аналитически.