bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FT-IR Spectroscopic Study on Some Hofmann-Td Type Complexes: Ni(4-Phenylpyridine)2M(CN)4 (M = Cd or Hg)
Authors: Parlak Cemal , Şentürk Şükrü , Şenyel Mustafa
Published: February 2015

New Hofmann-Td type complexes in the form of Ni(4-Phenylpyridine)2M(CN)4 (M= Cd or Hg) were prepared in powder form and their infrared spectra are reported in the region of 4000 - 200 cm−1. From the spectral findings, these compounds are similar in structure to the Hofmann-Td type complexes.
New Travelling Wave Solutions for an Asymmetric Model of a Rod in a Lattice Fluid with Nonlinear Advection
Authors: Elwakil Sayed A. , Zahran Mohsen A. , Sabry Refaat , El-Shewy Emad K.
Published: February 2015

Based on the modified extended tanh-function method, we consider the continuum problem of the driven diffusive flow of particles behind an impenetrable obstacle (rod) of the length L. The results show that the presence of an obstacle, whether stationary or moving, in a driven diffusive flow with nonlinear drift will distort the local concentration profile to a state which divided the (x,y)-plane into two regions. The concentration is relatively higher in one side than the other side, apart from the value of

, where D is the diffusion coefficient and v is the drift velocity. This problem has relevance for the size segregation of particulate matter which results from the relative motion of different-size paricles induced by shaking. The obtained soultions include soliton, periodical, rational and singular solutions.
On a Generalized Fifth-Order Integrable Evolution Equation and its Hierarchy
Authors: Choudhuri Amitava , Talukdar Benoy , Dattab S. B.
Published: February 2015

A general form of a fifth-order nonlinear evolution equation is considered. The Helmholtz solution of the inverse variational problem is used to derive conditions under which this equation admits an analytic representation. A Lennard type recursion operator is then employed to construct a hierarchy of Lagrangian equations. It is explicitly demonstrated that the constructed system of equations has a Lax representation and two compatible Hamiltonian structures. The homogeneous balance method is used to derive analytic soliton solutions of the third- and fifth-order equations. - PACS numbers: 47.20.Ky, 42.81.Dp, 02.30.Jr
(2+1)-Dimensional Davey-Stewartson II Equation for a Two-Dimensional Nonlinear Monatomic Lattice
Authors: Li Zhi-Fang , Ruan Hang-Yu
Published: February 2015

A two-dimensional monatomic lattice with nearest-neighbor interaction is investigated by the method of multiple scales combined with a quasidiscreteness approximation. The Davey-Stewartson II equation (DS-II) is obtained from the original two-dimensional (2D) differential-difference system. By solving the DS-II, explicit periodic solutions, soliton solutions and rational function solutions are obtained, and the leading order approximated solutions of the 2D monatomic lattice are constructed by explicit solutions of the DS-II.
The C I 247.8561 nm Resonance Line Stark Broadening Parameters
Authors: Djeniže Stevan , Srećković Aleksandar , Bukvić Srdjan
Published: February 2015

The Stark width (W) and shift (d) of the neutral carbon (C I) 247.8561 nm resonance spectral line in the 2p2
1S0−2p3s 1Po
1 transition have been measured at 17,600 K electron temperature and 1.08·1023 m−3 electron density in an oxygen-carbon plasma created in an optically thin, linear, lowpressure, pulsed arc discharge. They represent the first experimental results obtained at an electron temperature higher than 14,000 K. We have found a symmetrical line profile, generated dominantly by electrons as perturbers. Our W and d values have been compared to the existing experimental and theoretical data. Good agreement was found between the results calculated by a semiclassical approximation and our data, particulary in the case of the Stark shift.
Self-Assembly of Nanoparticle Ring Patterns
Authors: Parisi Jürgen , Govor Leonid V. , Bauer Gottfried H. , Reiter Günter
Published: February 2015

We focus on the formation of self-assembled micrometer-sized rings of CoPt3 nanoparticles due to phase separation of a binary solution, giving rise to a bilayer structure and subsequent decomposition of the top layer into droplets. Evaporation of the remaining solvent from the droplet leads to a shrinking of its contact line. The nanoparticles located at the contact line follow its motion and self-assemble along the line accordingly.
A New Absorption Band of Ti-Doped Al2O3 Crystals after Thermal Annealing and γ-Irradiation
Authors: Ma Jian , Du Maolu , Chen Qinghan
Published: February 2015

Al2O3 single crystals doped with titanium ions were grown by the Czochralski method in a pure N2 atmosphere. The titanium ion content reached up to 0.08 - 0.1 wt%. After thermal annealing and γ -irradiation, the optical absorption spectra were measured at room temperature for samples of high optical quality. Many previously reported absorption spectra of Al2O3:Ti3+ have a distinct doublepeak shape in the visible region. However, the absorption spectra in this work present three peaks at 480 nm, 500 nm, and 550 nm. The triple-peak shape absorption bands in the visible region are reported for the first time. The reason for forming a triple-peak in the absorption spectra is discussed. - PACS numbers: 78.40.Ha, 78.30.Hv, 71.70.Ch
Vibration Control of a Cantilever Beam with Time Delay State Feedback
Authors: El-Bassiouny Atef F.
Published: February 2015

The primary and subharmonic resonance of order one-third of a cantilever beam under state feedback control with a time delay are investigated. Using the method of multiple scales, we obtain two slow flow equations for the amplitude and phase. The first-order approximate solution is derived and the effect of time delay on the resonance is investigated. The concept of an equivalent damping, related to the delay feedback, is proposed and an appropriate choice of the feedback gains and the time delay is discussed from the viewpoint of vibration control. The fixed points corresponding to the periodic motion of the starting system are determined, and the frequency-response and external excitation-response curves are shown. Bifurcation analysis is conducted in order to examine the stability of the system.
EPR Studies of Mn2+-Doped Diammonium Hexaaqua Magnesium(II) Sulfate
Authors: Kripal Ram , Shukla Ashutosh Kumar
Published: February 2015

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies of Mn2+ impurity in single crystals of diammonium hexaaqua magnesium(II) sulfate have been carried out at 9.3 GHz (X-band) at room temperature. The EPR spectra exhibit a group of five fine structure transitions. The spin-Hamiltonian parameters were determined. Mn2+ enters the lattice interstitially. The EPR spectrum of a powder sample supports the data obtained by single crystal studies. - PACS number: 76.30
On the Relationship between π-Electron Energy and Topological Resonance Energy
Authors: Gutman Ivan , Radenković Slavko , Trinajstić Nenad , Vodopivec Andrej
Published: February 2015

Within series of isomeric benzenoid hydrocarbons there is a very good linear correlation between the topological resonance energy (TRE) and the total π-electron energy (Eπ ). Furthermore, the slope of the TRE vs. Eπ regression line is almost independent of the benzenoid isomers considered, and (for all sets of isomers) is nearly equal to 0.5. This implies that comparison of benzenoid isomers with regard to their aromaticity can be made, with equal success, by using both TRE and Eπ . However, Eπ is computed significantly simpler than TRE, and thus advantage should be given to the former. Correlations between TRE and Eπ exist also in the case of non-benzenoid isomers (both alternant and non-alternant), but are of much inferior quality.
Use of a Lowest Intensity 241Am Compton Spectrometer for the Measurement of Directional Compton Profiles of ZnSe
Authors: Ahuja Babu Lal , Heda Narayan Lal
Published: February 2015

In this paper we report on electron momentum densities in ZnSe using Compton scattering technique. For the directional measurements we have employed a newly developed 100 mCi 241Am Compton spectrometer which is based on a small disc source with shortest geometry. For the theoretical calculations we have employed a self-consistent Hartree-Fock linear combination of atomic orbitals (HF-LCAO) approach. It is seen that the anisotropy in the measured Compton profiles is well reproduced by our HF-LCAOcalculation and the other available pseudopotential data. The anisotropy in the Compton profiles is explained in terms of energy bands and bond length. - PACS numbers: 13.60.Fz, 78.70. Ck, 78.70.-g
Surface Tension of the System NaF –AlF3–Al2O3 and Surface Adsorption of Al2O3
Authors: Kucharík Marián , Vasiljev Roman
Published: February 2015

Part of the molten system NaF-AlF3-Al2O3 was studied by surface tension measurements, which were performed at cryolite ratios (CR) between 1.5 and 3 [CR = n(NaF)/n(AlF3)]. The maximal bubble pressure method was applied. The surface adsorption of alumina (Al2O3) was also calculated. The obtained results were discussed in terms of the anionic composition of the melt. The addition of AlF3 to melt with CR= 3 decreases the surface tension, as AlF3 is surface-active in molten Na3AlF6. The concentration dependence of the surface tension and the surface adsorption of alumina in the title system are influenced by the formation of surface-active oxofluoroaluminates. An increase of the difference between the surface tension of NaF-AlF3 mixtures and the surface tension of pure alumina was observed with decreasing cryolite ratio.
A Reliable Treatment for Solving Nonlinear Two-Point Boundary Value Problems
Authors: Inc Mustafa
Published: February 2015

In this paper, we study the modified decomposition method (MDM) for solving nonlinear twopoint boundary value problems (BVPs) and show numerical experiments. The modified form of the Adomian decomposition method which is more fast and accurate than the standard decomposition method (SDM) was introduced by Wazwaz. In addition, we will compare the performance of the MDM and the new nonlinear shooting method applied to the solutions of nonlinear two-point BVPs. The comparison shows that the MDM is reliable, efficient and easy for solving the nonlinear twopoint BVPs.
Chemical Reduction of SIM MOX in Molten Lithium Chloride Using Lithium Metal Reductant
Authors: Kato Tetsuya , Usami Tsuyoshi , Kurata Masaki , Inoue Tadashi , Sims Howard E. , Jenkins Jan A
Published: February 2015

A simulated spent oxide fuel in a sintered pellet form, which contained the twelve elements U, Pu, Am, Np, Cm, Ce, Nd, Sm, Ba, Zr,Mo, and Pd, was reduced with Li metal in a molten LiCl bath at 923 K. More than 90% of U and Pu were reduced to metal to form a porous alloy without significant change in the Pu/U ratio. Small fractions of Pu were also combined with Pd to form stable alloys. In the gap of the porous U-Pu alloy, the aggregation of the rare-earth (RE) oxide was observed. Some amount of the RE elements and the actinoides leached from the pellet. The leaching ratio of Am to the initially loaded amount was only several percent, which was far from about 80% obtained in the previous ones on simple MOX including U, Pu, and Am. The difference suggests that a large part of Am existed in the RE oxide rather than in the U-Pu alloy. The detection of the RE elements and actinoides in the molten LiCl bath seemed to indicate that they dissolved into the molten LiCl bath containing the oxide ion, which is the by-product of the reduction, as solubility of RE elements was measured in the molten LiCl-Li2O previously.
Mixed Mode, Sequential and Relaxation Oscillations in the Belousov-Zhabotinsky System
Authors: Rachwalska Małgorzata
Published: February 2015

The behaviour of a system composed of malonic acid (MA), KBrO3, H2SO4, and ferroin was investigated in batch experiments at various concentrations of oxygen above the chemical mixture when changing the concentration of MA. We could observe that at 10% of oxygen or more and for initial concentrations of malonic acid [MA]0 between 0.15 M and 0.6 M the system attains an equilibrium by some of mixed mode oscillations. Such a behaviour of the system could be described by a model used lately. Additionally for [MA]0 = 0.1 M or less at 0 - 20% of oxygen a region of sequential oscillations was discovered (observed for the first time in the system with ferroin) and a trial of understanding of the event is suggested. For rather small [MA]0 ca. 0.025 M no mixed mode oscillations, no sequential ones but the so-called relaxation oscillations were observed.
Model of Sodium Chloride Premelting
Authors: Kremenetsky Vyacheslav G. , Sidelnikov Vladimir V. , Kuznetsov Sergey A.
Published: February 2015

A model for the premelting of alkali chlorides is proposed. It is shown that diminishing of the free length of phonons under temperature increase may bring about the instability of the crystal lattice near the melting point. A probable structure of a lattice near this temperature been examined.
Ligand Field States and Vibrational Modes of Solid and Molten Elpasolite: Cs2NaHoCl6
Authors: Kalampounias Angelos G. , Papatheodorou George N.
Published: February 2015

Electronic absorption and Raman spectra of solid and molten Cs2NaHoCl6 elpasolite have been measured in the temperature range 20 - 780 ◦C. The Raman spectra of the solid indicate that there is no phase transition above room temperature. It appears, that the internal vibrational modes of the solid are transferred into the melt, indicating that the [HoCl6]3−
“octahedra” are the predominant species. The 5G6 ← 5I8 and 3H6 ← 5I8 hypersensitive transitions of Ho(III) in elpasolite have been studied and analyzed in terms of the ligand field splittings of these states in the octahedral [HoCl6]3−
field. The temperature-induced changes in the spectra are attributed to the presence of “hot” bands arising from sets (“zones”) of energy levels in the ground 5I8 state. The continuous and smooth spectral changes observed upon melting indicate the presence of [HoCl6]3−octahedra in both phases.
Investigation of the EPR Parameters and Defect Structure of Ni2+ Ions in RbMgF3 Crystals
Authors: Chen Tai-Hong , Feng Wen-Lin , Zhang Jin-Ping
Published: February 2015

By means of the complete energy matrix diagonalization procedure of 3d2/3d8 ions in trigonal symmetry and using the superposition model, the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) parameters for Ni2+ ions in RbMgF3 crystals with C3v and D3d symmetry are studied. From the investigation, the defect structures of these paramagnetic impurity centers are obtained and the EPR parameters are explained reasonably. - PACS numbers: 76.30.Fc, 61.72.Bb, 71.70.Ch
A Theoretical Application of MAXY NMR for CDn Groups
Authors: Şaka Irfan , Gençten Azmi
Published: February 2015

Liquid-state NMR experiments including edited-pulse angles are widely used to distinguish protonated and deuterated carbonyl groups in complex molecules. One of them is maximum quantum correlation NMR spectroscopy (MAXY NMR), which is very suitable to separate CHn groups. The product operator theory is used for the analytical description of these experiments for weakly coupled spin systems. In this study, the MAXY NMR experiment is applied for weakly coupled ISn (I = 1/2; S = 1; n = 1, 2, 3) spin systems using the product operator theory. A theoretical discussion and experimental suggestions for sub-spectral editing of CDn groups are also presented.
Theoretical Investigations of the Defect Structure and the g Factors of a Tetragonal Ni3+ Center in PbTiO3
Authors: Wu Shao-Yi , Zhang Hua-Ming , Lu Guang-Duo , Yao Jin-Song
Published: February 2015

The defect structure and the anisotropic g factors of a tetragonal Ni3+ center in PbTiO3 are theoretically investigated from improved perturbation formulas of the g factors for a 3d7 ion with low spin S = 1/2 in tetragonally elongated octahedra, established in this work. Based on the studies, the distance between the impurity Ni3+ and the center of the oxygen octahedron is found to be about 0.14 Å, which is smaller than that (≈ 0.3 Å) for the host Ti4+ site due to the inward shift (≈ 0.16 Å ) towards the center of the oxygen octahedron. The theoretical g factors based on the above defect structure agree well with the observed values.
On Exact Solutions of a Coupled Korteweg – de Vries System
Authors: Yang Xu-dong , Ruan Hang-yu , Lou Sen Yue
Published: February 2015

The analytical positons, negatons, and complexitons and their interaction solutions to the coupled Korteweg - de Vries (KdV) system are obtained via the Darboux transformation of the complex KdV equation. Furthermore, the preferences for the nonsingular solutions are discussed
Dielectric Relaxation Study of Ethanol in Benzene from Microwave Absorption Data
Authors: Sharma Vimal , Thakur Nagesh , Sharma Dhani Ram , Negi Nainjeet Singh , Rangra Vir Singh
Published: February 2015

The dielectric constant (ε’) and dielectric loss (ε″) of dilute solutions of ethanol in benzene have

been measured at 9.883 GHz at 25, 30, 35 and 40 °C using standard microwave techniques. The

dielectric relaxation time (τ) and dipole moment (μ) at 25, 30, 35 and 40 °C have been calculated by

using the single frequency concentration variation method suggested by Gopala Krishna. It is found

that the dielectric relaxation process can be treated as a rate process like the viscous flow process. A

monomer structure of C2H5OH in benzene solution has been inferred. Based upon these studies, the

presence of solute-solvent associations has been proposed. The energy parameters for the dielectric

relaxation process have been calculated and compared with the corresponding energy parameters of

viscous flow.
Electrical Conductivity of Melts Containing Rare-Earth Halides. I. MCl-NdCl3 (M = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs)
Authors: Potapov Alexei M. , Rycerz Leszek , Gaune-Escard Marcelle
Published: February 2015

The electrical conductivity of molten MCl-NdCl3 (M = Li, Na, Rb and Cs) has been measured from the liquidus temperature up to ~ 1180 K. The measurements were performed in usual U-shaped capillary quartz cells with platinum electrodes. The molar conductivity (Λ) has been computed by using literature data on the densities of the binary systems. In all cases, when the temperature range exceeds about 100 K, the plot lnΛ vs. 1/T is not a straight line. The activation energy of the conductivity does not remain constant but reduces with increasing temperature. In the specific and molar conductivity isotherms strong deviations from additivity are noted. The results are discussed in terms of octahedral local coordination of Nd3+ over the entire concentration range.
Electromotive Cells in Investigation of Phase Transitions in Ionic Ferroelectric Crystals
Authors: Gatner Kazimierz
Published: February 2015

The electrochemical cell: Se|TGSesingle crystal |Se, with tri-glycine selenide as solid electrolyte was employed to observe the ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition. The charge, which normally occurs on the surface of the ferroelectric crystal in the polar phase, is thus incorporated in the electrical double layer of the cell and can be precisely monitored. The pyroelectric currents can also be measured with this cell. The concentration changes on the surface of the single crystal after direct current polarization are observed.
Substituent Effects on the Hydrolysis of p-Substituted Benzonitriles in Sulfuric Acid Solutions at (25.0± 0.1) °C
Authors: Abbas Khamis A.
Published: February 2015

The rate constants of the hydrolysis of p-substituted benzonitriles with sulfuric acid solutions (18.2 M to 10 M) have been determined spectrophotometrically at (25.1±0.1) °C. It was found that the catalytic activity of sulfuric acid was strongly inhibited by water. The logarithms of the observed rate constants were correlated with different substituent inductive (localized) and resonance (delocalized) constants. The results of the correlation studies indicated that the rate-determining step of the hydrolysis of benzonitriles in 18.2 M sulfuric acid was the addition of a nucleophile, and the hydrolysis was clearly enhanced by the electron-withdrawing inductive effect, while the rate-determining step of the hydrolysis of p-substituted benzonitriles in 10.0 M sulfuric acid was most probably the protonation of benzonitriles, and the rate constants increased by both electron-donating resonance and inductive effects. A mixture of the two mechanisms most probably occurred in 15.3 to 17.0 M sulfuric acid. HSO4 − rather thanwater most probably acted as nucleophile in the hydrolysis of benzonitriles especially at high concentrations of sulfuric acid solutions.
Function Projective Synchronization of Discrete-Time Chaotic Systems
Authors: Li Xin , Chen Yong , Li Zhibin
Published: February 2015

First, a function projective synchronization is defined in discrete-time dynamical systems, in which the drive and response state vectors evolve in a proportional scaling function matrix. Second, based on backstepping design with three controllers, a systematic, concrete and automatic scheme is developed to investigate the function projective synchronization of discrete-time chaotic systems. With the aid of symbolic-numeric computation, we use the proposed scheme to illustrate the function projective synchronization between the 2D Lorenz discrete-time system and the Fold discrete-time system, as well as between the 3D hyperchaotic Rössler discrete-time system and the Hénon-like map. Numeric simulations are used to verify the effectiveness of our scheme. By choosing different scaling functions, the interesting attractor figures of the drive and response systems are showed in a proportional scaling function.
Application of He’s Homotopy Perturbation Method to Stiff Systems of Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: Darvishi Mohammad Taghi , Khani Farzad
Published: February 2015

We propose He’s homotopy perturbation method (HPM) to solve stiff systems of ordinary differential equations. This method is very simple to be implemented. HPM is employed to compute an approximation or analytical solution of the stiff systems of linear and nonlinear ordinary differential equations.
Transient Formation of Super-Explosives under High Pressure for Fast Ignition
Authors: Winterberg Friedwardt
Published: February 2015

Dense matter, if put under high pressure, can undergo a transformation from an atomic to a molecular configuration, where the electron orbits go into lower energy levels. If the rise in pressure is very sudden, for example by a strong shock wave, the electrons change their orbits rapidly under the emission of photons, which for more than 100 Mbar can reach keV energies. With the opacity of dense matter going in proportion to the density, the photons can be efficiently released from the surface of the compressed matter by a rarefaction wave. The so produced X-ray photons can be used for the fast ignition of a thermonuclear target.

The proposed mechanism may be also responsible for the large keV X-ray bursts observed in exploding wire arrays, which can not be explained by conversion of kinetic into thermal energy.
Application of the Exp-Functionmethod to the Riccati Equation and New Exact Solutions with Three Arbitrary Functions of Quantum Zakharov Equations
Authors: Abdou Mohamed A , Abulwafa Essam M.
Published: February 2015

The Exp-function method with the aid of the symbolic computational system is used for constructing generalized solitary solutions of the generalized Riccati equation. Based on the Riccati equation and its generalized solitary solutions, new exact solutions with three arbitrary functions of quantum Zakharov equations are obtained. It is shown that the Exp-function method provides a straightforward and important mathematical tool for nonlinear evolution equations in mathematical physics.
Simulation of Silica Cluster Overcharging
Authors: Khavryuchenko Volodymyr D. , Khavryuchenko Oleksiy V. , Lisnyak Vladyslav V.
Published: February 2015

The interaction of an e-beam with silica glass has been simulated using the 27SiO2 cluster, charged from 0 to −18 by a PM3 semiempirical quantum chemical method. The structures of the charged 27SiO2 silica clusters and their physicochemical characteristics, namely the heat of formation, relative volume, electron density of states distribution, gap between HOMO and LUMO and charge distribution, have been derived and analyzed in order to study the processes occurring on the atomic level at an e-beam-irradiated surface. The overcharging of the silica cluster led to its expansion by 30% in volume and evaporation of the charged species, followed by cluster densification. The silica cluster expansion should lead to structural changes in the neighbouring silica glass areas.
The Molar Volume of Molten Mixtures of MCl-LnCl2 (M = Alkali Metals, Ln = Lanthanoides)
Authors: Potapov Alexei , Khokhlov Vladimir , Korosteleva Nina
Published: February 2015

Empirical equations for the density and molar volume of molten binary mixtures of MCl-LnCl2 and MCl-MeCl2 (M = alkali metals; Ln = lanthanoides; Me = Ca, Sr, Ba) based on the density of individual components are suggested. The equations, taking into account the deviations of the molar volumes from their additive values, are applicable to all binary systems involving known rare earth dichlorides.
Application of the Weierstrass Elliptic Expansion Method to the Long-Wave and Short-Wave Resonance Interaction System
Authors: Lai Xian-Jing , Zhang Jie-Fang , Mei Shan-Hai
Published: February 2015

With the aid of symbolic computation, nine families of new doubly periodic solutions are obtained for the (2+1)-dimensional long-wave and short-wave resonance interaction (LSRI) system in terms of the Weierstrass elliptic function method. Moreover Jacobian elliptic function solutions and solitary wave solutions are also given as simple limits of doubly periodic solutions.
Phase Transition Properties of a Ferroelectric Superlattice with Surface Modification
Authors: Guo Hong-Li , Kuang Xiao-Yu , Yang Xiong , Chai Rui-Peng
Published: February 2015

The phase diagrams of a ferroelectric superlattice with finite alternating layers are investigated by using the transverse Ising model within the mean-field approximation. The effects of surface modification are introduced through a surface exchange interaction constant and a surface transverse field parameter. The results indicate that the features of the phase diagrams can be greatly modified by changing the transverse Ising model parameters. In addition, the crossover features of the inside transverse field parameters from the ferroelectric dominant phase diagram to the paraelectric dominant phase diagram are determined for a finite alternating superlattice.
Experimental Evidence of an Ambient Ferroelectric Phase and a Low Frequency-Induced Transition in an Achiral Mesogen
Authors: Mohan Mathukumallli Lakshmi Narayana Madhu , Arunachalam Balasubramanian
Published: February 2015

A series of achiral liquid crystals with an azo base have been successfully isolated. Thermal and electrical characteristics of these compounds are studied. One of the mesogens exhibits liquid crystallinity at ambient temperature which is observed to be ferroelectric and can be switched. For the first time in the class of achiral liquid crystals, one of the compounds of the isolated series exhibits a low frequency-induced transition (LFiT) from ferroelectric to antiferroelectric ordering. Furthermore this transition can be controlled by proper attenuation of an applied frequency to the mesogen. The threshold frequency and its implication on the LFiT along with the thermal and electrical characterizations of the mesogens are discussed.
X-Ray Residual Stress Gradient Analysis in Annealed Silver Thin Films Using Asymmetric Bragg Diffraction
Authors: Njeh Anouar , Schneider Dieter , Fuess Hartmut , Ghozlena Mohamed Hédi Ben
Published: February 2015

Residual stresses were determined in magnetron-sputtered Ag thin films of 400 nm thickness by asymmetric Bragg scattering. The corresponding cos2α sin2ψ plots were nonlinear which indicates a strong residual gradient along the depth of the samples. The in-plane stress was highly compressive at the sample surface and became tensile at the interface. The out-plane stress was compressive and reached its maximum at the sample interface. The stress gradient changed significantly with postannealing temperature. A Young’s modulus of E = 83 GPa and a Poisson ratio of ν = 0.3 were measured by surface acoustic wave dispersion.
Approximate Symmetry Reduction Approach: Infinite Series Reductions to the KdV-Burgers Equation
Authors: Jiao Xiaoyu , Yao Ruoxia , Zhang Shunli , Lou Sen Y.
Published: February 2015

For weak dispersion and weak dissipation cases, the (1+1)-dimensional KdV-Burgers equation is investigated in terms of approximate symmetry reduction approach. The formal coherence of similarity reduction solutions and similarity reduction equations of different orders enables series reduction solutions. For the weak dissipation case, zero-order similarity solutions satisfy the Painlevé II, Painlevé I, and Jacobi elliptic function equations. For the weak dispersion case, zero-order similarity solutions are in the form of Kummer, Airy, and hyperbolic tangent functions. Higher-order similarity solutions can be obtained by solving linear variable coefficients ordinary differential equations.
Peristaltic Flow of a Jeffrey Fluid with Variable Viscosity in an Asymmetric Channel
Authors: Nadeem Sohail , Akbar Noreen Sher
Published: February 2015

In this article, we have considered incompressible Jeffrey fluids and studied the effects of variable viscosity in the form of a well-known Reynold’s model of viscosity in an asymmetric channel. The fluid viscosity is assumed to vary as an exponential function of temperature. The governing fundamental equations are approximated under the assumption of long wavelength and low Reynold number. The governing momentum and energy equations are solved using regular perturbation in terms of a small viscosity parameter β to obtain the expressions for stream functions pressure rise and temperature field. Numerical results are obtained for different values of viscosity parameter β , channel width d, wave amplitude b, and Jeffrey parameter λ1. It is observed that the behaviour of the physical parameters λ1, β , and d on pressure rise versus flow rate is as follows: when we increase these parameters pressure rise decreases while pressure rise increases with the increase in b. It is also observed that temperature profile increases when we increase Ec, Pr, and β . Trapping phenomena are also discussed at the end of the article to see the behaviour of different parameters on streamlines
On the Existence of Periodic Solutions of a Three-Patch Diffusion Predator-Prey System
Authors: Ismail Mohammed , Abu Hany Atta A. K. , Agha Aysha
Published: February 2015

We establish a mathematical model for the three-patch diffusion predator-prey system with time delays. The theory of Hopf bifurcation is implemented, choosing the time delay parameter as a bifurcation parameter. We present the condition for the existence of a periodic orbit of the Hopf-type from the positive equilibrium.
Numerical Simulation of Emden-Fowler Type Equations Using Variational Iteration Algorithm
Authors: Yusufoğlu Elçin
Published: February 2015

The main objective of this article is to present a reliable algorithm to determine exact and approximate solutions of the generalized Emden-Fowler type equations. The algorithm mainly is based on He’s variational iteration method (VIM) with an alternative framework designed to overcome the difficulty of the regular singular point at x = 0. In this method, general Lagrange multipliers are introduced to construct a correction for the problem. The multipliers in the functional can be identified optimally via the variational theory. The results reveal that the proposed method is very effective and can be applied for other nonlinear problems.
Modification of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Surfaces by Linear Poly(vinyl amine)
Authors: Wittke Ralph , Knittel Dierk , Kaufmann Robert , Schollmeyer Eckhard
Published: February 2015

The feasibility of fixing linear poly(vinyl amine) (PVAm) onto the surface of a poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) foil is shown. Pretreatment of the PET foil for PVAm anchoring is UV irradiation generated by an excimer lamp (λ = 222 nm). Thereby newly formed COOH-groups are able to build up in situ an ionic double layer with PVAm by proton transfer. The properties of the modified PET foil like wetting performance and electric conductivity are significantly improved by this treatment.
The (2+1) and (3+1)-Dimensional CBS Equations: Multiple Soliton Solutions and Multiple Singular Soliton Solutions
Authors: Wazwaz Abdul-Majid
Published: February 2015

In this work, the generalized (2+1) and (3+1)-dimensional Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff equations are studied. We employ the Cole-Hopf transformation and the Hirota bilinear method to derive multiple-soliton solutions and multiple singular soliton solutions for these equations. The necessary conditions for complete integrability of each equation are derived
Estimating the Vertex PI Index
Authors: Das Kinkar Ch , Gutman Ivan
Published: February 2015

The vertex PI index is a distance-based molecular structure descriptor, that recently found numerous chemical applications. Lower and upper bounds for PI are obtained, as well as results of Nordhaus-Gaddum type. Also a relation between the Szeged and vertex PI indices is established
Numerical Solution of a Boussinesq Type Equation Using Fourier Spectral Methods
Authors: Hassan Hany N.
Published: February 2015

Efficient numerical methods for solving nonlinear wave equations and studying the propagation and stability properties of their solitary waves (solitons) are applied to a Boussinesq type equation in one space dimension. These methods use a pseudospectral (Fourier transform) treatment of the space dependence, together with (a) finite differences, or (b) a fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme (RK4), for the time evolution. Our schemes follow very accurately single solitons, which are given by simple closed formulas and are known to be stable for all allowed velocities. However, as a parameter of the problem tends to the critical value b = 0.5, where the velocity of the exact soliton vanishes, our solutions destabilize due to numerical errors, producing two small solitons in the place of the exact one. On the other hand, when we study the interaction of two such solitons, starting far apart from each other, we find in the b
1, b
2 parameter plane a curve beyond which the solution becomes unstable by exponential blow-up of the amplitudes, independently of our space and time discretization. We claim that this is due to a dynamical resonance rather than the accumulation of numerical errors, in agreement with theoretical predictions. Our implementation relies on the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm and no major differences are observed, when either scheme (a) or (b) is used for the evolution of time.
Analytical Approach to (2+1)-Dimensional Boussinesq Equation and (3+1)-Dimensional Kadomtsev-Petviashvili Equation
Authors: Sarıaydın Selin , Yıldırım Ahmet
Published: February 2015

In this paper, we studied the solitary wave solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional Boussinesq equation utt −uxx−uyy−(u2)xx−uxxxx = 0 and the (3+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation uxt −6ux
2 +6uuxx −uxxxx −uyy −uzz = 0. By using this method, an explicit numerical solution is calculated in the form of a convergent power series with easily computable components. To illustrate the application of this method numerical results are derived by using the calculated components of the homotopy perturbation series. The numerical solutions are compared with the known analytical solutions. Results derived from our method are shown graphically.
Application of the Homotopy Analysis Method for Systems of Differential-Difference Equations
Authors: Wang Qi
Published: February 2015

The homotopy analysis method is used for solving systems of differential-difference equations. To demonstrate the validity and applicability of the presented technique the Volterra lattice system is taken as example. Analysis results show that the method is very effective and yields very accurate results.
Effects of Variable Viscosity on the Peristaltic Motion in a Third-Order Fluid
Authors: Nadeem Sohail , Akbar Noreen Sher , Hayat Tasawar
Published: February 2015

This article deals with the variable viscosity effects on the channel flow of a third-order fluid. The walls of the asymmetric channel are of different temperatures. Continuity, momentum, and energy equations are utilized in the mathematical analysis. Three types of solutions, namely, the perturbation, homotopy analysis, and numerical are derived. These solutions are compared. The perturbation, homtopy analysis, and numerical solutions are identical up to three digits. The expressions for pressure rise and frictional forces have been calculated using numerical integration. The expressions for pressure rise, frictional forces, velocity profile, temperature profile, pressure gradient, and streamlines have been discussed graphically at the end of the article.
On Some New Seminormed Sequence Spaces Defined by a Sequence of Orlicz Functions
Authors: Bektaş Çiğdem A. , Atıci Gülcan
Published: February 2015

In this paper, we define the new generalized difference sequence spaces c
0(Δm
v
,M,u, p,q), c(Δm
v
,M,u, p,q), and l∞(Δm
v
,M,u, p,q).We also study some inclusion relations between these spaces
New Application of the (G'/G)-Expansion Method to Excite Soliton Structures for Nonlinear Equation
Authors: Li Bang-Qing , Ma Yu-Lan
Published: February 2015

The (G'/G)-expansion method is extended to construct non-travelling wave solutions for highdimensional nonlinear equations and to explore special soliton structure excitations and evolutions. Taking an example, a new series of the non-travelling wave solutions are calculated for the (2+1)- dimensional asymmetrical Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov system by using the (G'/G)-expansion method. By selecting appropriately the arbitrary functions in the solutions, special soliton-structure excitations and evolutions are studied.
Interplay Between Dispersion and Nonlinearity in Femtosecond Soliton Management
Authors: Radha Ramaswamy , Kumar Vaduganathan Ramesh
Published: February 2015

In this paper, we investigate the inhomogeneous higher-order nonlinear Schr¨odinger (NLS) equation governing the femtosecond optical pulse propagation in inhomogeneous fibers using gauge transformation and generate bright soliton solutions from the associated linear eigenvalue problem. We observe that the amplitude of the bright solitons depends on the group velocity dispersion (GVD) and the self-phase modulation (SPM) while its velocity is dictated by the third-order dispersion (TOD) and GVD. We have shown how the interplay between GVD, SPM, and TOD can be profitably exploited to change soliton width, amplitude (intensity), shape, phase, velocity, and energy for an effective femtosecond soliton management. The highlight of our paper is the identification of ‘optical similaritons’ arising by virtue of higher-order effects in the femtosecond regime.
Computer Simulations of Ordering in a Nematogen – The Role of Dielectric Medium
Authors: Praveen P. Lakshmi , Ojha Durga P.
Published: February 2015

Computer simulations of ordering in a nematic liquid crystal propyl 4-(4'-methoxybenzylidene amino)-α-methyl cinnamate (MBA2C3) was carried out with respect to translatory and orientational motions. The evaluation of atomic charges and dipole moment at each atomic center was carried out through the complete neglect differential overlap (CNDO/2) method. The modified Rayleigh- Schr¨odinger perturbation method along with multicentered-multipole expansion method has been employed to evaluate long-range intermolecular interactions, while a ‘6-exp’ potential function has been assumed for short-range interactions. The total interaction energy values obtained through these computations were used to calculate the probability of each configuration in a dielectric medium (i. e., non-interacting and non-mesogenic solvent, e. g. benzene) at room temperature (300 K) using the Maxwell-Boltzmann formula. On the basis of stacking, in-plane, and terminal interaction energy calculations, all possible geometrical arrangements of pairs have been considered. The most favourable configuration of pairing has been obtained. An attempt has been made to develop a new and interesting molecular model of nematogen in dielectric medium.
Is the Phase of Plane Waves an Invariant?
Authors: Huang Young-Sea
Published: February 2015

Based on the invariance of the phase of waves, plane waves were shown to propagate with negative frequencies in a medium which moves at ’superluminal’ speed opposite to the propagation direction of the plane waves. The validity of the invariance of the phase of plane waves was then called into question. A radical change of the conventional concept of plane waves is recently proposed to solve the problem of negative frequency of waves.We will explicitly point out flaws in that proposal. Thus, the validity of the invariance of the phase of plane waves remains questionable
Long-Wave Instabilities of Viscoelastic Fluid Film Flowing Down an Inclined Plane with Linear Temperature Variation
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Asim , Haldar Samadyuti
Published: February 2015

The two dimensional flow of a viscoelastic fluid (weakly elastic) represented by Walters’ B” model running down an inclined heated plane with linear temperature variation has been investigated in the finite amplitude regime. A long-wave expansion method obtains a nonlinear evolution equation of the filminterface. A normal mode approach and the method of multiple scales are used to obtain the linear and nonlinear stability solutions for the film flow. The study reveals that both supercritical stability and subcritical instability are possible for this type of film flow. The influence of the viscoelastic parameter and the Marangoni number on the different zones, the amplitude of the disturbances on sub/supercritical region, and the nonlinear phase speed in the supercritical region are also investigated. It is interesting to note that the influence of the viscoelastic parameter on the above aspects are very significant at low Marangoni number, while it has very feeble impact at high Marangoni number. Finally, the results thus determined are interpreted physically
On Characterization of Time-Like Horizontal Biharmonic Curves in the Lorentzian Heisenberg Group Heis3
Authors: Turhan Essin , Körpinar Talat
Published: February 2015

In this paper, we study energy of time-like horizontal biharmonic curves in the Lorentzian Heisenberg group Heis3. We characterize the biharmonic curves in terms of their curvature and torsion. We prove that all of the biharmonic curves are helices. Finally, we study the mechanics of biharmonic curves and provide conditions for energy of horizontal biharmonic curves
Analytical Approximate Solution of Space-Time Fractional Diffusion Equation with a Moving Boundary Condition
Authors: Das Subir , Kumar Rajnesh , Gupta Praveen Kumar
Published: February 2015

August 12, 2010 The homotopy perturbation method is used to find an approximate analytic solution of the problem involving a space-time fractional diffusion equation with a moving boundary. This mathematical technique is used to solve the problem which performs extremely well in terms of efficiency and simplicity. Numerical solutions of the problem reveal that only a few iterations are needed to obtain accurate approximate analytical solutions. The results obtained are presented graphically.
Multi-Soliton-Like Solutions of a Coupled Kadomtsev-Petviashvili System
Authors: Qi Feng-Hua , Tian Bo , Liu Wen-Jun , Guo Rui , Xu Tao , Zhang Hai-Qiang
Published: February 2015

Arising in the context of random matrix theory, the coupled Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) systems have been a subject of active studies. In this paper, a coupled KP system with three potentials is investigated with symbolic computation, and the Darboux transformations of its reduced equations are obtained. Moreover, the multi-soliton-like solutions of the coupled KP system are derived. Those solutions could be of some value for the studies in the context of random matrix theory.
Fuzzy H∞ Synchronization for Chaotic Systems with Time-Varying Delay
Authors: Ahn Choon Ki
Published: February 2015

In this paper, we propose a newH∞ synchronization method for fuzzy model based chaotic systems with external disturbance and time-varying delay. Based on Lyapunov-Krasovskii theory, Takagi- Sugeno (TS) fuzzy model, and linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach, the H∞ synchronization controller is presented to not only guarantee stable synchronization but also reduce the effect of external disturbance to an H∞ norm constraint. The proposed controller can be obtained by solving a convex optimization problem represented by the LMI. A simulation study is presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach.
The Variational IterationMethod for Finding Exact Solution of Nonlinear Gas Dynamics Equations
Authors: Jafari Hossein , Chun Ch. , Khalique C.M.
Published: February 2015

The variational iteration method (VIM) proposed by Ji-Huan He is a new analytical method to solve nonlinear equations. In this paper, a modified VIM is introduced to accelerate the convergence of VIM and it is applied for finding exact analytical solutions of nonlinear gas dynamics equation.
Dark Solitons for a Generalized Korteweg-de Vries Equation with Time-Dependent Coefficients
Authors: Triki Houria , Wazwaz Abdul-Majid
Published: February 2015

We consider the evolution of long shallow waves in a convecting fluid when the critical Rayleigh number slightly exceeds its critical value within the framework of a perturbed Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation. In order to study the wave dynamics of nonlinear pulse propagation in an inhomogeneous KdV media, a generalized form of the considered model with time-dependent coefficients is presented. By means of the solitary wave ansatz method, exact dark soliton solutions are derived under certain parametric conditions. The results show that the soliton parameters (amplitude, inverse width, and velocity) are influenced by the time variation of the dependent model coefficients. The existence of such a soliton solution is the result of the exact balance among nonlinearity, third-order and fourth-order nonlinear dispersions, diffusion, dissipation, and reaction.
Magnetohydrodynamic Flow of a Carreau Fluid in a Channel with DifferentWave Forms
Authors: Hayat Tasawar , Saleem Najma , Mesloub Said , Ali Nasir
Published: February 2015

In this investigation, we discuss the peristaltic motion based on the constitutive equations of a Carreau fluid in a channel. The fluid is electrically conducting in the presence of a uniform applied magnetic field. Four different wave forms are chosen. The fluid behaviour is studied using long wavelength approximation. Detailed analysis is performed for various emerging parameters on pumping and trapping phenomena. The present results reduce favourably with the currently available results of hydrodynamic case when the Hartman number is chosen zero.
Absolute Motion Determined from Michelson-Type Experiments in Optical Media
Authors: Dmitriyev Valery P.
Published: February 2015

The symmetry of vacuum is characterized by the Lorentz group with the parameter c. Physical space inside the homogeneous optical medium should be described by the Lorentz group with the parameter c/n, where n is the refractive index of the medium. Violation of a one-parameter phenomenological symmetry in the discrete medium, such as gas, creates the opportunity for the experimental detecting of the motion of the optical medium relative to luminiferous aether.