bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A probabilistic fatigue model based on nonlinear Kohout-Věchet function: Application to 42CrMo4+QT steel
Authors: Marques J M E , Papuga J , Růžička M , Benasciutti D
Published: February 2024

This paper presents a fatigue model designed to provide probabilistic-stress-life (P-S-N) curves at any probability level. Grounded in the Weibull probabilistic model’s framework, the model describes two scenarios: P-Case A, which considers deviations in stress, and P-Case B, centered on deviations in cycles to failure from the median S-N curve. A significant aspect of the proposed model is the incorporation of the Kohout-Věchet function as the representative median S-N curve, allowing for the Kohout-Vechet P-S-N curves across any probability level. To demonstrate the model’s practical relevance, an experimental example focused on specimens made from 42CrMo4+QT steel and subjected to push-pull loading is explored. Not only do the results show the robustness of the model but they also emphasize the role of the characteristic P-S-N curves, especially at lower probability level, in assuring the safety of engineering components.
Structured Method to Reconfigure the Fatigue of Mechanical Products such as HKS in a Refrigerator
Authors: Woo Seong-woo , O’Neal Dennis L. , Hassen Yimer Mohammed , Mebrahtu Gezae
Published: February 2024

To determine the fatigue lifetime of a system such as a car, refrigerator, etc., parametric Accelerated Life Testing (ALT) can be used as an arranged way to find out its reliability and failure mechanisms a when it is subjected to continual loads The process includes: (1) parametric ALT used to establish the BX life, (2) load evaluation for designing an accelerated life test(s), (3) a tailored representative of ALTs with design adjustments, and (4) an appraisal of whether system gets to the goal for the BX lifetime. A generalized life-stress failure approach with an accelerated factor, and sample size formulation are proposed. An organized reliability approach, such as parametric ALT, can help the designer to find product defects having an effect on reliability as computed by the improvement in life, LB, and the decreasing in failure rate, λ in the design stage. As a consequence, manufacturers can stop recalls from failures of their products when introduced into the marketplace. A hinge kit system (HKS) in a domestic refrigerator that needed to be redesigned was provided as an example. After a tailored set of parameter ALTs, the HKS with design changes were expected to realize the life aim – B1 life ten years.
Buckling Prediction of MWCNT-reinforced Laminated Composite Structures under Hygro-Thermo-Mechanical Conditions
Authors: Georgantzinos Stelios K. , Antoniou Panagiotis A. , Stamoulis Konstantinos P. , Spitas Christos
Published: February 2024

This study presents a detailed buckling analysis of laminated composites reinforced by multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) inclusions using a multiscale computational framework. It combines multiple analytical and computational techniques to assess the performance of these composites under varying hygro-thermo-mechanical conditions. The model incorporates nanoscopic MWCNT characteristics, estimates orthotropic constants, and investigates the impact of various factors on the critical buckling load of MWCNT-based laminates. Comparison with existing data validates our approach, marking the first usage of the multiscale finite element method for predicting the buckling behaviour of MWCNT-reinforced laminates. This research offers valuable design insights for various industries including aerospace and automotive.
Tensile properties of 3D printed INCONEL 718 cellular specimens
Authors: Monkova K , Pantazopoulos G A , Monka P P , Toulfatzis A I , Lengyelova K , Papadopoulou S
Published: February 2024

The aim of the presented research by the authors was to compare the behaviour of four types of cellular structures under quasi-static tensile stress, while two samples were formed by mono-structures Gyroid 10 % and Diamond 10 %, and the other two types were bi-structures, which were created by combining two single structures (Gyroid 5 % + Gyroid 5 %) and (Gyroid 5 % + Diamond 5 %). The samples were made of Inconel 718 by Direct Metal Laser Sintering technology on an EOS EOSINT M270 machine, and they were heat treated according to AMS 5664 procedure. Tensile tests were performed on an Instron 8802 servo-hydraulic testing machine with a maximum capacity of 250 kN at ambient temperature. The results showed that the maximum load corresponded to the diamond (D) cellular structure (approximately 48 kN), while the minimum load was observed for the gyroid-gyroid (GG) structure (approximately 32 kN).
Fatigue performance of hierarchically porous titanium scaffolds produced by additive manufacturing and its possible improvement by gas nitriding
Authors: Slámečka K , Kashimbetova A , Tkachenko S , Gejdoš P , Pokluda J , Montufar E B , Čelko L
Published: February 2024

This contribution focuses on the nitriding of hierarchically porous titanium scaffolds to enhance their fatigue behaviour. Firstly, recent experimental findings that demonstrate the benefits of intra-filament porosity in improving fatigue resistance are discussed, providing details on crack growth shielding micromechanisms. Subsequently, the study explores the application of titanium scaffolds nitriding as a promising technique to prolong fatigue crack initiation. The scaffolds, prepared using the direct ink writing method with intra-filament porosity of ~ 6% and inter-filament porosity of ~ 68%, underwent gas nitriding at 1100 °C for 2 h. This process resulted in the formation of a consistent 42 μm thick nitriding case across the entire structure. Preliminary experiments showed a minimal decrease in fatigue strength within the low cycle fatigue region, attributed to the fracturing of a thick brittle compound zone under high applied loading. These results suggest that nitriding has the potential to improve fatigue performance after process optimization.
Experimental and statistical investigation on flexural properties of FDM fabricated PLA specimens applying response surface methodology
Authors: Fountas Nikolaos A. , Papantoniou Ioannis , Kechagias John D. , Manolakos Dimitrios E. , Vaxevanidis Nikolaos M.
Published: February 2024

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a modern technology currently adopted by manufacturing industries to benefit from its low-cost applications, versatility and fabrication of complex parts. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is distinguished among the different AM technologies due to its fast, yet accurate operations. However the properties of fabricated components are strongly depended by FDM-related parameter settings. This work examines the effect of FDM-related parameters namely flow rate, printing speed and printing temperature on the response of flexural strength. Experiments according to L9 orthogonal array and a custom response surface experimental design were performed to obtain the results necessary for further examination and analysis corresponding to parameter effects on flexural strength and statistical outputs. Experiments were designed as per the ASTM D790 standard whilst failure modes of experimental samples were observed for correlating the independent printing parameters with the response of flexural strength. The full quadratic regression model generated for predicting results concerning flexural strength was found adequate for explaining the variation of FDM-related parameters on flexural strength response.
Liquid Hydrogen Storage Tank Loading Generation for Civil Aircraft Damage Tolerance Analysis
Authors: Giannopoulos I K , Theotokoglou E E
Published: February 2024

The study presented is a preliminary approach and a proposal to the derivation of a loading spectrum for fatigue and damage tolerance analysis for civil aviation Liquid Hydrogen storage tanks. It is anticipated for the first generation of LH2 storage tanks for aviation to utilize metallic lightweight materials. Existing solutions are either too structurally heavy or with a short life span, both constraints making them unsuitable for aircraft vehicles were less mass and longevity is of paramount importance. The objective of the work was to provide suggestions for the generation of representative loading spectra for storage tank fatigue and damage tolerance preliminary design analysis and sizing.
Increasing the performance and service life of the brushes of the cotton gin under conditions of shock-bending loads
Authors: Saidov Bekhzod , Safarov Nazirjon , Kabulov Mukhammadali , Saidov Alisher
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this paper is to increase the service life of the brushes in the interaction of the puller brushes and the drum when cleaning cotton from large debris during the cotton removal process. The authors conducted an experimental study to determine the actual value of the number of impacts (touches) of the puller brushes on the surface of the saw drum. The angle of rotation of the serrated drum around its axis during the period of influence of the puller brushes on it was determined. The paper also describes determination of the average number of blows (touches) of the puller brushes on the saw drum.
Algorithm for improving the quality of mixed noisy images
Authors: Mamatov N S , Jalelova M M , Samijonov A N , Samijonov B N
Published: February 2024

Digital images are one of the effective means of receiving, transmitting, exchanging and expressing information. However, the digital image is not always of the expected quality, that is, as a result of the influence of various factors, noises appear in the image. This significantly reduces the accuracy and quality of the data in the image. Segmentation and recognition of objects from a low-quality image creates many additional problems. For example, it requires image quality enhancement based on powerful pre-processing algorithms. One such problem is to eliminate multiple noises in the image, and it is one of the pressing issues of digital image processing. This paper is devoted to solving the problem of image reconstruction by eliminating the mixed condition of Gaussian, salt-pepper and Poisson noises, which are common in digital images, in which one filter that optimally reduces each type of noise is selected and all combinations of them are applied to the mixed noise image to maximize the images. The idea of restoration has been put forward. The quality of the reconstructed images was evaluated by the NIQE criterion, which is one of the no-reference quality indicators, and a rule for automating the image processing process was proposed based on its values.
Physical and mechanical calculation of the efficiency of a composite kick shock absorber and the friction force with the material
Authors: Djuraev Anvar , Mansurova Munisa , Bozorova Farida
Published: February 2024

The article presents an effective structural scheme with a rubber shock absorber for the sewing machine. As a result of the theoretical research, analytical methods were used to calculate the coefficient of uniformity of the rubber shock absorber with a component bearing and to determine the friction force between the bearing and the material being sewn. Parameter connection graphs were determined. Based on the results of the analysis, the parameters of the proposed compositional reaction node were developed.
Development of an optimal mechanism for a solar-air collector for drying thermolabile products
Authors: Khudoynazarov F J , Djuraev H F , Mizomov M S , Kh Fayziev A
Published: February 2024

The article presents theoretical and experimental studies about the alternative construction of energy-efficient solar air collector that generates heat based on alternative energy sources for the drying process of agricultural products. In particular, the geographical latitude of the place (φ), the angle of elevation of the sun to the horizon (h°), the angle of deviation of the sun (δ), and τ the interrelationships between the sun’s hour angles (τ) were studied. The patterns of changes in the wet air and dry air parameters entering the solar air collector were analyzed. The mechanism of efficient use of the heat generated in the solar air collector was developed. The kinetics of the process of drying spices at low temperature was studied.B NNBB. 1
A method for controlling and maintaining the thickness of a liquid layer during ultrasonic spraying
Authors: Khmelev Vladimir N , Shalunov Andrey V , Genne Dmitry V
Published: February 2024

This work is described a method for indirectly controlling the height of the film of sprayed material on the oscillating surface of ultrasonic atomizer by changing the resonant frequency of the ultrasonic oscillator. The relevance of the development of this method is due to the need for the development and widespread use of the ultrasonic spraying method to solve the most pressing problems of modern industry. In this regard, there is a need to establish the dependences of the spraying performance on the height of the film of sprayed fluid on the oscillating plane of the atomizer and to create, based on the identified dependencies, a method for controlling and maintaining the necessary and sufficient height of the fluid film, the spraying of which will provide the best dispersion characteristics of the generated aerosol at a given spraying performance. As a result of the research, it was shown that in the operating range of film height of the sprayed fluid, the change in the resonant frequency can reach 100 Hz, which is sufficient to control the film height. This made it possible for the first time to develop a method for automatically controlling the ultrasonic spraying process, ensuring the maintenance of optimal modes of ultrasonic exposure (amplitude of vibrations of the spray surface) and the thickness of the sprayed fluid height.
The deformation behavior investigation of a polymers used as a sliding layer in a contact friction unit
Authors: Bogdanova A P , Kamenskikh A A , Nosov Yu O
Published: February 2024

The polymers and composites study of is to the present day an actual topic of many research scientists. Experimental studies of antifriction polymer and composite materials are widespread. But analyzing the performance of materials under different conditions does not lose its relevance. This is due to the limited data on the materials behavior in open sources, both statically and dynamically. The article deals with spherical bridge bearing manufactured by “AlfaTech”, Perm, Russia. The bearing includes a steel balancer with a ball segment in contact with the lower steel plate through a spherical protective antifriction layer. The material of the protective layer may vary. Several options for antifriction layer materials both polymer and composite are reviewed in the work. The geometry of structural elements influences its behavior. A particular effect is observed in elements made of plastic. The main part of parameters was considered in this article, such as thickness and physico-mechanical properties of polymer sliding layer. The article considers the value influence of the friction coefficient on the interaction of contact surfaces. It was obtained that the maximum values of contact parameters decrease with increasing sliding layer thickness. The paper deals with the description of viscoelastic behavior of modern polymers and composites used as sliding antifriction layers within.
A solution to the Ricquier problem for a high-order parabolic equation in an unbounded domain: questions of existence and stabilization
Authors: Bikkulov I M
Published: February 2024

The existence of a solution to the Ricquier problem with Dirichlet boundary conditions for one high-order parabolic equation in an unbounded domain is discussed. The convergence of the approximation using the Galerkin method of a generalized solution to the Ricquier problem is investigated. The dependence of behavior of the norm of the problem solution for large values of time on the geometry of an area unlimited in spatial variables lying at the base of the cylinder with a limited carrier of the initial function is considered. For a fairly wide class of unbounded domains, upper bounds for the solution of a mixed problem for a high-order parabolic equation are estimated, which are expressed in terms of simple geometric characteristics of the unbounded domain. The obtained upper estimations for the solution of the mixed problem are accurate.
Buoyancy effect dualism on drill string axial forces calculation
Authors: Kudryavtsev I V , Morozov S S , Mityaev A E
Published: February 2024

This paper discusses the use of two buoyancy schools in determining the axial forces in the drill string, which leads to the duality of the solution. The difference in the results in determining the true and effective force and their relationship with each other using the strength of stability were revealed. It is shown that only the true force can be used to calculate the stresses and deformations of the drill string elements, since their actual values correspond to this force. At the same time, taking into account the effective forces, it is possible to more fully use the actual stability of the drill string, increasing the permissible loads on the bit and increasing the penetration rate. Thus, the presence of two buoyancy schools and, accordingly, two types of axial forces, makes it possible to more accurately and comprehensively assess the operability of the drill string.
Mathematical modeling of the magnetic field generated by a network of parallel narrow capillaries
Authors: Kopyltsov A V , Dyuzhikova N A
Published: February 2024

A three-dimensional mathematical model was constructed that simulates the movement of red blood cells (RBCs) through narrow capillaries. The charges located on RBC membrane generate a magnetic field (MF) in the surrounding space. The movement of erythrocytes along a capillary network built from parallel narrow capillaries is considered. The distribution of magnetic field strength (MFS) in planes parallel to the plane of the capillary network has been constructed. In the plane of a parallel capillary network, the dependence of the maximum and minimum values of MFS on the distance between the centers of the capillaries has been determined. It is shown that as the distance between the capillaries decreases, the magnitude of MFS in the plane parallel to the plane in which the capillaries lie increases, and the difference between the maximum and minimum values of MFS decreases.
Building models of technological processes based on neuro-fuzzy technology
Authors: Yu Mamasodikova N , Siddikov I X , Dilmurodov X E
Published: February 2024

The work considers the issues of formalization of the extraction process in the form of a generalized regression neural network model, which are the basis for solving the problem of analysis and synthesis of the extraction process control system for obtaining petroleum products. An adaptive learning algorithm for a neural network model has been developed that is characterized by high speed and accuracy. A comparative analysis of the developed model with existing ones was made, which showed the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for building the architecture of neural network models and learning the weight coefficients of the model.
Support software for plastic bending of waveguides on a rotary draw bending machine
Authors: Kudryavtsev I V
Published: February 2024

The paper addresses the problem of ensuring the bending quality of the waveguide on an automated pipe rotary draw bending machine by winding. This bending method is currently the most common, but has limitations on the allowable values of bend angles and radii, which ensure the accuracy and quality of the bend region geometry without losing the stability of the section shape in the form of wrinkles and ruptures. Modern requirements for minimizing dimensions and masses require the use of the minimum possible bending radii, which depend on the geometry of the section and the material of the work piece. Calculations to determine the limits of permissible bend parameters using general or special purpose programs are very time-consuming require high-performance computers and high qualification of the computing engineer. To solve this problem, it is proposed to create support software that, based on interpolation of results of more accurate calculations, allows you to determine the areas of permissible bend parameters for the selected shape and section dimensions, as well as the work piece material. This approach allows you to quickly obtain solutions for both the engineer in the design of the structure and the operator of the pipe bending machine and to obtain a product with guaranteed bending quality.
The influence of the mine dust mineral composition on the characteristics of thermal destruction processes
Authors: Blokhin D I , Dokuchaeva A I , Zakorshmennyi I M , Kobylkin A S , Koporulina E V
Published: February 2024

The article describes the results of comprehensive laboratory tests of mine dust samples taken from active mine faces in the Kuznetsk coal basin (Kemerovo region, Russia). The purpose of the experiments is to study the characteristics of thermal destruction processes in mine dust depending on its mineral composition. Based on the results of electron microscopy, the mineral composition of the dust samples under study was determined, and the quantitative relationships of the mineral phases composing the sample were assessed. Using thermogravimetric analysis the lower limits of thermal destruction intervals were established for samples of mine dust with different compositions and percentages of mineral inclusions. The practical significance of the results obtained is substantiated.
Power supply thermal analysis
Authors: Maykov O A , Kokhonkova E A , Potylitsyn V S
Published: February 2024

The article provides an analysis of heat removal from power elements in a low-power power source. The efficiency of cooling fuel elements using the free convection method without additional inclusion of active cooling is considered due to design limitations of the overall dimensions of the source. Calculation estimates were made using numerical modeling of the temperature regime of the source. The object of the study is an intrinsically safe power supply with size restrictions of 200×160×65 mm with an aluminum housing. The main heat-generating elements are power transistors with a power of 1 to 6 W, mounted on the heat-dissipating parts of the housing through an insulating gasket. For stable operation of semiconductors, a temperature regime is required without exceeding the transistor temperature of 85 ° C under standard environmental conditions at an air temperature of 20 ° C and a relative humidity of 20%. The authors analyzed the heat exchange between the model of the designed power supply housing and the air environment according to the parameter of the limiting temperature of heat-generating semiconductors in a steady state. Conclusions about whether the thermal operating conditions are adequately ensured for this case are made.
Application of the eddy current method for flaw detection of conductive tracks of printed circuit boards
Authors: Malikov Vladimir , Shmykova Polina , Voinash Sergey , Zagidullin Ramil , Vornacheva Irina , Koroyanov Alexey , Babanin Aleksandr
Published: February 2024

The article discusses the creation and testing of a hardware-software complex aimed at examining the conductive paths on printed circuit boards. The complex includes a tiny eddy current transducer and a measuring system specifically designed to work with the transducer. The proposed system, which combines software and hardware components, allows for the examination of small sections of metal objects. It enables the monitoring of electrical conductivity and the determination of conductivity distribution across the object’s surface and depth. The article provides detailed explanations of the key features of the measuring system and presents the experimental findings obtained by testing different printed circuit boards. These boards were examined under various conditions, including defect-free ones and those intentionally modified to simulate defects. Dependences between the eddy current transducer signal and the different conductive tracks were established, elucidating the relationship between the transducer’s response and the properties of the tracks.
Vulnerable voices: using topic modeling to analyze newspaper coverage of climate change in 26 non-Annex I countries (2010–2020)
Authors: McAllister Lucy , Vedula Siddharth , Pu Wenxi , Boykoff Maxwell
Published: February 2024

News media influence how climate change is represented, understood, and discussed in the public sphere. To date, media and climate change research has primarily focused on Annex I countries, or treated non-Annex I countries as a homogenous bloc, despite the global nature of climate change and its geographically uneven impacts. This study uses a mixed-method approach, combining machine learning (topic modeling), econometrics, and qualitative analyses, to investigate newspaper coverage of climate change in 26 non-Annex I countries. We compiled a dataset of 95 216 news articles (dated between 2010 and 2020 from 50 sources) in 26 lower-middle and upper-middle income non-Annex I countries. In line with previous research results, we find that most common topics represented are international governance of climate change, the economics of energy transitions, and the impacts of climate change. Advancing current research understanding, we also demonstrate heterogeneity in coverage between non-Annex I countries and discover that a country’s vulnerability to climate change is positively associated with the diversity of topics (based on an article-level entropy index) portrayed by its domestic news media outlets.
Quantifying landscape fragmentation and forest carbon dynamics over 35 years in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: Broggio Igor S , Silva-Junior Celso H L , Nascimento Marcelo T , Villela Dora M , Aragão Luiz E O C
Published: February 2024

The Brazilian Atlantic Forest (AF) covers 13% of Brazil but retains only 26% of its original forest area. Utilizing a Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA), we generated 30 m spatial resolution fragmentation maps for old-growth and secondary forests across the AF. We quantified landscape fragmentation patterns and carbon (C) dynamics over 35 years using MapBiomas data between the years 1985 and 2020. We found that from 1985 to 2020 the forest suffered continuous fragmentation, losing core (nuclei forest fragments) and bridge (areas that connect different core areas) components of the landscape. About 87.5% (290 468.4 km2) of the remaining forest lacked core areas, with bridges (38.0%) and islets (small, isolated fragments) (35.4%) being predominant. Secondary forests (1986–2020) accounted for 99 450.5 km2 and played a significant role in fragmentation pattern, constituting 44.9% of the areas affected by edge effects (perforation, edge, bridge, and loop), 53.7% of islets, and comprising only 1.4% of core forest. Additionally, regeneration by secondary forests contributed to all fragmentation classes in 2020. Even with the regrowth of forests, the total forested area in the biome did not increase between 1985 and 2020. Deforestation emissions reached 818 Tg CO2, closely paralleled by edge effects emissions at 810 Tg CO2, highlighting a remarkable parity in C emissions between the two processes. Despite slow changes, AF biome continues to lose its C stocks. We estimated that around 1.96 million hectares (19 600 km2) of regenerated forest would be required to offset the historical C emissions over the analysed period. Hence, MSPA can support landscape monitoring, optimizing natural or active forest regeneration to reduce fragmentation and enhance C stocks. Our study’s findings are critical for guiding land-use policies focusing on minimizing emissions, promoting forest regrowth, and monitoring its permanence. This study offers biome scale, spatially explicit information, critical for AF conservation and management.
Prescribed burning and integrated fire management in the Brazilian Cerrado: demonstrated impacts and scale-up potential for emission abatement
Authors: Franke Jonas , Sena Barradas Ana Carolina , Borges Kelly Maria Resende , Hoffmann Anja A , Filho Juan Carlos Orozco , Ramos Rossano Marchetti , Steil Lara , Roman-Cuesta Rosa Maria
Published: February 2024

Fire management has proven successful in reducing deforestation, preserving biodiversity and mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. After years of zero burning policies in fire-adapted ecosystems, and resulting increases in fire hazards and risks, countries are moving towards integrated fire management (IFM) including prescribed burning (PB). With a primary focus on biodiversity, Brazilian governmental organizations endorsed this paradigm shift in 2014, with the introduction of IFM in a number of protected areas (PA) of the Cerrado. Reducing high intensity mid/late dry season (M/LDS) fires through PB in the early dry season (EDS) has proven successful in other savanna ecosystems, with demonstrated mitigation potential as EDS fires are associated with lower GHG emissions. In the present study, Earth observation data were used to analyze the seasonality of active fires, burned areas and fuel loads. A dynamic performance benchmark (control-treatment paired sample test) was applied to assess the effectiveness of existing IFM activities in promoting emission abatement over the pre-covid period 2014–2019. Compared against the responses of PAs without IFM-PB, the PAs with IFM-PB showed significant increases in EDS fires (+137% hotspots) and EDS burned areas (from a share of 11.2% to 29.5% of the total yearly burned area). Fuel fragmentation through EDS-PB, tracked through calibrated fuel load maps, also led to a 62% reduction in burned areas in the IFM period 2014–2019. Combined M/LDS burned areas decreased from 85.1% of the total yearly burned area to a share of 67.7%. When applying the observed shift in fire seasonality and the effect of burned area reduction to all the PA of the Cerrado for the same period, we estimate an emission abatement potential of 1085 764 tCO2e/y. Given the fact that IFM followed a biodiversity-centred approach in the Cerrado, an emission abatement-centered approach could result in even higher abatement potentials.
The physical interpretation of point interactions in one-dimensional relativistic quantum mechanics
Authors: Bonin C A , Lunardi José T , Manzoni Luiz A
Published: February 2024

We investigate point interactions (PIs) in one-dimensional relativistic quantum mechanics using a distributional approach based on Schwartz’s theory of distributions. From the properties of the most general covariant distribution describing relativistic PIs (RPIs) we obtain the physical parameters associated with the point potentials that behave as a scalar, a pseudo-scalar and a vector under Lorentz transformations. Then, we establish a one-to-one relationship between these physical parameters and the well-known set of four parameters giving the boundary conditions at the singular point(s), which define a self-adjoint Hamiltonian. By considering the non-relativistic limit, we obtain the most general PI in the Schrödinger equation in terms of these four physical point potentials. Finally, we study the symmetries of the RPIs under space inversion, time reversal and charge conjugation, and investigate how requirements of invariance under these symmetry transformations can be used to restrict the set of physical parameters.
Physics informed token transformer for solving partial differential equations
Authors: Lorsung Cooper , Li Zijie , Barati Farimani Amir
Published: February 2024

Solving partial differential equations (PDEs) is the core of many fields of science and engineering. While classical approaches are often prohibitively slow, machine learning models often fail to incorporate complete system information. Over the past few years, transformers have had a significant impact on the field of Artificial Intelligence and have seen increased usage in PDE applications. However, despite their success, transformers currently lack integration with physics and reasoning. This study aims to address this issue by introducing Physics Informed Token Transformer (PITT). The purpose of PITT is to incorporate the knowledge of physics by embedding PDEs into the learning process. PITT uses an equation tokenization method to learn an analytically-driven numerical update operator. By tokenizing PDEs and embedding partial derivatives, the transformer models become aware of the underlying knowledge behind physical processes. To demonstrate this, PITT is tested on challenging 1D and 2D PDE operator learning tasks. The results show that PITT outperforms popular neural operator models and has the ability to extract physically relevant information from governing equations.
The Gulf in Malayalam Cinema
Authors: Karinkurayil Mohamed Shafeeq
Published: February 2024

This chapter looks at the representation of the Gulf and the Gulf migrant in Malayalam cinema. Beginning with Vilkkanundu Swapnangal, the first ever Malayalam film to be shot on location in the Gulf, the chapter proceeds to present in broad brushstrokes the representation of the migrant in mainstream Malayalam cinema. While the Gulf was hitherto imagined to be a space of riches and illicit wealth, with the coming of new technologies in the early twenty-first century, there is a shift in this representation. The Home Cinema, a marginal film genre, associated with Salam Kodiyathur, is an emblem of this new energy in narrating the migrant story. The chapter recognizes the appeal of Kodiyathur films in marrying the discourse of good cinema that marked the debates in the early twenty-first century Malayalam public sphere with that of Islamic religiosity. The last section of the chapter reads the Gulf migrant experience as a structuring factor in the dominant genre of the 1980s and early 1990s—the laughter film—even as the Gulf was absent as a diegetic space.
Translating the Gulf
Authors: Karinkurayil Mohamed Shafeeq
Published: February 2024

This chapter looks at the specific ways in which select pieces of Malayalam Gulf narratives establish equivalences between the Gulf migrant experiences and life in Kerala. The chapter begins with arguing for a concept of migrant literature as different from diasporic literature. The changed conditions of contemporary life require us to study migrant narratives beyond the framework of alienation and trauma. The subsequent sections of the chapter focus on select Gulf memoirs and novels. The Gulf is constructed in these works as singular and private experience of the migrants. At the same time, the authors employ multiple strategies such as relay of signifiers, metaphors, idioms, and so on through which such a singular experience is sought to be translated, however inadequately, into a collective experience that may spur collective action.
Systematic Review Examining the Behavior Change Techniques in Medication Adherence Intervention Studies Among People With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Teo Vivien , Weinman John , Yap Kai Zhen
Published: February 2024

Background

Although previous systematic reviews have studied medication adherence interventions among people with Type 2 diabetes (PwT2D), no intervention has been found to improve medication adherence consistently. Furthermore, inconsistent and poor reporting of intervention description has made understanding, replication, and evaluation of intervention challenging.

Purpose

We aimed to identify the behavior change techniques (BCTs) and characteristics of successful medication adherence interventions among PwT2D.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted on Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and Scopus. Studies were included if they were randomized controlled trials with BCT-codable interventions designed to influence adherence to anti-diabetic medication for PwT2D aged 18 years old and above and have medication adherence measure as an outcome.

Results

Fifty-five studies were included. Successful interventions tend to target medication adherence only, involve pharmacists as the interventionist, contain “Credible source” (BCT 9.1), “Instruction on how to perform the behaviour” (BCT 4.1), “Social support (practical)” (BCT 3.2), “Action planning” (BCT 1.4), and/ or “Information about health consequences” (BCT 5.1). Very few interventions described its context, used theory, examined adherence outcomes during the follow-up period after an intervention has ended, or were tailored to address specific barriers of medication adherence.

Conclusion

We identified specific BCTs and characteristics that are commonly reported in successful medication adherence interventions, which can facilitate the development of future interventions. Our review highlighted the need to consider and clearly describe different dimensions of context, theory, fidelity, and tailoring in an intervention.
Xylem-dwelling pathogen unaffected by local xylem vessel network properties in grapevines (Vitis spp.)
Authors: Fanton Ana Clara , Bouda Martin , Brodersen Craig
Published: February 2024

Background and aims

Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) is the xylem-dwelling bacterium associated with Pierce’s disease (PD), which causes mortality in agriculturally important species, such as grapevine (Vitis vinifera). The development of PD symptoms in grapevines depends on the ability of Xf to produce cell-wall-degrading enzymes to break up intervessel pit membranes and systematically spread through the xylem vessel network. Our objective here was to investigate whether PD resistance could be mechanistically linked to xylem vessel network local connectivity.

Methods

We used high-resolution X-ray micro-computed tomography (microCT) imaging to identify and describe the type, area and spatial distribution of intervessel connections for six different grapevine genotypes from three genetic backgrounds, with varying resistance to PD (four PD resistant and two PD susceptible).

Key results

Our results suggest that PD resistance is unlikely to derive from local xylem network connectivity. The intervessel pit area (Ai) varied from 0.07 ± 0.01 mm2 mm−3 in Lenoir to 0.17 ± 0.03 mm2 mm−3 in Blanc do Bois, both PD resistant. Intervessel contact fraction (Cp) was not statically significant, but the two PD-susceptible genotypes, Syrah (0.056 ± 0.015) and Chardonnay (0.041 ± 0.013), were among the most highly connected vessel networks. Neither Ai nor Cp explained differences in PD resistance among the six genotypes. Bayesian re-analysis of our data shows moderate evidence against the effects of the traits analysed: Ai (BF01 = 4.88), mean vessel density (4.86), relay diameter (4.30), relay density (3.31) and solitary vessel proportion (3.19).

Conclusions

Our results show that radial and tangential xylem network connectivity is highly conserved within the six different Vitis genotypes we sampled. The way that Xf traverses the vessel network may limit the importance of local network properties to its spread and may confer greater importance on host biochemical responses.
A Bayesian nonparametric approach for multiple mediators with applications in mental health studies
Authors: Roy Samrat , Daniels Michael J , Roy Jason
Published: February 2024

Mediation analysis with contemporaneously observed multiple mediators is a significant area of causal inference. Recent approaches for multiple mediators are often based on parametric models and thus may suffer from model misspecification. Also, much of the existing literature either only allow estimation of the joint mediation effect or estimate the joint mediation effect just as the sum of individual mediator effects, ignoring the interaction among the mediators. In this article, we propose a novel Bayesian nonparametric method that overcomes the two aforementioned drawbacks. We model the joint distribution of the observed data (outcome, mediators, treatment, and confounders) flexibly using an enriched Dirichlet process mixture with three levels. We use standardization (g-computation) to compute all possible mediation effects, including pairwise and all other possible interaction among the mediators. We thoroughly explore our method via simulations and apply our method to a mental health data from Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, where we estimate how the effect of births from unintended pregnancies on later life mental depression (CES-D) among the mothers is mediated through lack of self-acceptance and autonomy, employment instability, lack of social participation, and increased family stress. Our method identified significant individual mediators, along with some significant pairwise effects.
Towards a Retributive Concept of Re-entry
Authors: Dagan Netanel , Cnaan Ram
Published: February 2024

Retributive justice is the preferred penal theory in many countries, especially for serious offences, and is a predominant justification for imprisonment. Retributivists, however, have little to say regarding the state’s role towards returning citizens after release from prison. In reality, paroled individuals struggle with continuing surveillance, poverty, stigma and other significant barriers to housing, employment and health. Thus, rates of recidivism are high. Re-entry services can help, but they are few. Without a proper understanding of the implications of the retributive model, advocates for re-entry services struggle to gain public support or the attention of policy-makers. Recognising that retributivism is not a monolithic theory, and with a focus on the parole period, we argue that key sub-streams of retributivism offer a valuable support for understanding public responsibility for re-entry services. To that end, we offer a conceptual understanding of the core retributive principles that call upon governments to actively assist parolees. We do so by connecting re-entry to the retributive notions of unfair advantage, penal communication and moral reform. Finally, we emphasise two, often neglected, re-entry programmes that fit the core retributive principles and highlight implications for the parole process.
Visual Intrusion Detection Based On CBAM-Capsule Networks
Authors: Yang Zhongjun , Huang Qing , Wang Qi , Zong Xuejun , Ao Ran
Published: February 2024

Intrusion detection has become a research focus in internet information security, with deep learning algorithms playing a crucial role in its development. Typically, intrusion detection data are transformed into a two-dimensional matrix by segmenting, stacking and padding them with zeros for input into deep learning models. However, this method consumes computational resources and fails to consider the correlation between features. In this paper, we transform the data into images through visualization operations and propose an information entropy weighted scheme to optimize the collision element problem during the transformation process. This method enhances the correlation between pixel frame features, leading to approximately 2% improvement in accuracy of the classification model when using the generated image samples for detection in experiments. To address the issues of insensitivity to target feature locations and incomplete feature extraction in traditional neural networks, this paper introduces a new network model called CBAM-CapsNet, which combines the advantages of the lightweight Convolutional Block Attention Module and capsule networks. Experimental results on the UNSW-NB15 and IDS-2017 datasets demonstrate that the proposed model achieves accuracies of 92.94% and 99.72%, respectively. The F1 scores obtained are 91.83% and 99.56%, indicating a high level of detection.
SEDD: Robust Blind Image Watermarking With Single Encoder And Dual Decoders
Authors: Xiang Yuyuan , Wang Hongxia , Yang Ling , He Mingze , Zhang Fei
Published: February 2024

Blind image watermarking is regarded as a vital technology to provide copyright of digital images. Due to the rapid growth of deep neural networks, deep learning-based watermarking methods have been widely studied. However, most existing methods which adopt simple embedding and extraction structures cannot fully utilize the image features. In this paper, we propose a novel Single-Encoder-Dual-Decoder (SEDD) watermarking architecture to achieve high imperceptibility and strong robustness. Precisely, the single encoder utilizes normalizing flow to realize watermark embedding, which can effectively fuse the watermark and cover image. For watermark extraction, we introduce a parallel dual-decoder to improve the imperceptibility and extracting ability. Extensive experiments demonstrate that better watermark robustness and imperceptibility are obtained by SEDD architecture. Our method achieves a bit error rate less than 0.1% under most attacks such as JPEG compression, Gaussian blur and crop. Besides, the proposed method also obtains strong robustness under combined attacks and social platform processing.
Mainstreaming as a meta-process: A systematic review and conceptual model of factors contributing to the mainstreaming of radical and extremist positions
Authors: Rothut Sophia , Schulze Heidi , Rieger Diana , Naderer Brigitte
Published: February 2024

Over the past decade, extremists have increasingly aimed to integrate their ideologies into the center of society by changing the presentation of their narratives to appeal to a larger audience. This process is termed (strategic) mainstreaming. Although this phenomenon is not new, the factors that contribute to the mainstreaming of radical and extremist ideas have not been systematically summarized. To identify elements fostering mainstreaming dynamics, we conducted a systematic literature review of N = 143 studies. The results demonstrate that mainstreaming’s gradual and long-term nature makes it particularly difficult to operationalize, which is why it often remains a buzzword. In this article, we propose a novel conceptualization of mainstreaming, understanding it as two communicative steps (content positioning and susceptibility), and present 12 contributing factors. These factors can serve as starting points for future studies, helping to operationalize mainstreaming, empirically monitor it, and, subsequently, tackle its (long-term) effects.