bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabric-enriched continuum breakage mechanics (F-CBM)
Authors: Shen Xianda , Buscarnera Giuseppe
Published: March 2022

A fabric-enriched continuum breakage mechanics (F-CBM) framework is developed to examine the relation between elastic and inelastic anisotropy in granular materials subjected to high pressure. For this purpose, emphasis is given to the influence of the anisotropic fabric on the plastic cap regime – that is, a macroscopic signature of the inelasticity of granular materials widely dependent on the particle crushability. Anisotropic behaviour prior to yielding is introduced through a symmetric second-order fabric tensor embedded in the expression of the elastic energy potential. It is shown that, thanks to its energy-based formulation, the F-CBM framework provides a platform to predict the rotation and distortion of the yield cap of granular materials as an outcome of anisotropic strain energy storage prior to grain crushing. Parametric analyses indicate that both the degree of anisotropy and the orientation of the fabric have an impact on the energy release resulting from grain crushing and contribute to the resulting stress–strain behaviour. It is shown that, despite the use of very few parameters, the proposed framework can accurately predict the anisotropic yielding and inelastic stress–strain response solely on the basis of the directional properties inferred from measurements of elastic anisotropy.
KAMU YÖNETİMLERİNDE ETİK REHBERLİK FAALİYETİ OLARAK KAMU GÖREVLİLERİNE ETİK DANIŞMANLIK SUNULMASI
Authors: UZUN Yaşar
Published: March 2022

Kamu sektörü organizasyonlarında etik yönetim anlayışının güçlendirilmesi için etik rehberlik faaliyetleri kapsamında yapılması gereken çalışmalardan birisi de kamu görevlilerine etik kodlar, karşı karşıya kaldıkları etik ikilemler ve sorunlara yönelik danışmanlık desteği sağlamaktır. Bu çalışmada, “Kamu görevlilerine etik danışmanlık hizmeti sunulması neden önemlidir ve iyi uygulamalar ışığında ülkemizde bu müesseseyi güçlendirmek üzere hangi alanlarda çalışmalar yapılması gereklidir?” sorularına cevap bulunmaya çalışılacaktır. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı, kamu yönetiminde kamu görevlilerinin “etik tavsiye alma” ihtiyaçlarına dikkati çekerek “etik danışmanlık altyapı ve uygulamalarının” güçlendirilmesi gerekliliğine yönelik farkındalığın gelişimine katkı sunmaktır. Ülkemiz mevzuatında etikle ilgili düzenlemeler kapsamındaki idarelerin etik komisyonlarına kamu görevlilerine etik değer ve ilkelerle ilgili tavsiye ve yönlendirmede bulunma görevi verilmiştir. Bu çalışma, uluslararası iyi uygulama önerileri ve iyi uygulama örneklerine de yer vermektedir. Yapılan değerlendirmeler ışığında, ülkemiz kamu yönetiminde de etik danışmanlık müessesesinin güçlendirilmesi amacıyla mevzuat, etik danışmanlığa dair yapı, etik danışmanlığın teşvik edilmesi, bu hizmeti sunacak insan unsuru, etik danışmanlığa dair idare ve kamu yönetimi performansının değerlendirilmesi gibi alanlarda bir takım çalışmaların yapılması gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Factors Related to the Occurrence and Number of Chronic Diabetic Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Utilizing The National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort in Korea, 2002~2015
Authors: Lee Haejung , Lee Misoon , Park Gaeun , Khang Ah Reum
Published: March 2022

Purpose: This study was performed to identify factors related to the occurrence and number of chronic diabetic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: Data were extracted from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort from 2002 to 2015. Adults 30 years of age or older diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and prescribed at least one diabetes medication were included. Statistical data analyses were performed using R version 3.5.1.Results: A total of 1,406 subjects were analysed in this study, of which 15.3% did not develop chronic diabetic complications. The most common first complications were eye (17.6%), peripheral vascular (16.7%), neuropathy (15.1%), and cardiovascular diseases (13.6%). Multivariable Cox regression analyses showed that female, older age, and higher body mass index were consistently associated with an increased risk of chronic diabetic complications. There were significant differences in gender, age, residential area, duration of diabetes, body mass index, smoking, and alcohol consumption according to the number of chronic diabetic complications.Conclusion: Female gender, older age, higher body mass index were consistently and significantly associated with the occurrence and number of chronic diabetic complications. Efforts to screen high risk patients and to manage the weight of type 2 diabetes patients are required. Future studies are needed to elucidate the relationship between chronic diabetic complications and recommended physical activity for weight management.
Reflective Teaching in EFL Online Classrooms: Teachers’ Perspective
Authors: Salih Abdelrahman Abdalla , Omar Lamis Ismail
Published: March 2022

One of the noticeable changes in the tertiary education scene is the continuous quest for quality-driven teaching and learning that prepares students for the demanding employment market. At the heart of this increasingly transformative process is competitiveness. This shifting view has made teaching a multi-faceted and dynamic process that calls upon teachers to adjust their teaching and align their pedagogical practices and decisions to emerging circumstances and challenges. Online learning has become the ‘new normal’ formula in language classes across the Sultanate of Oman due to the COVID-19 Pandemic. This paper reports (N=49) teachers’ perceived reflection and adjustment in online classes and the various strategies they adopted in higher education institutions (HEIs) in Oman. Data were collected from the responses of the participants to a semi-structured online survey. Data analysis showed that most teachers practiced reflection on action and for action more frequently while demonstrating lower awareness of reflection in action. The paper also draws on the significance of the spaces created by online teaching for reflection-driven action research to inform effective teaching for better learning experiences.
An Empirical Study of Translanguaging Practice in Interpreters' Note-Taking
Authors: Yue Zhiliang , Jansem Anchalee
Published: March 2022

This paper discusses potential application of translanguaging in an interpreting course, specifically for the note-taking part. A Likert scale questionnaire is used to collect information from the participants about their relevant experiences and knowledge as well as their attitude toward application of translanguaging in future note-taking activities. Furthermore, a small-scale experiment was carried out to discover how the participants’ choice of language in notes would change after gaining the awareness of potential translanguaging benefits. The findings are that most of the participants are quite agreeable to the concept of translanguaging and its application, and with a built awareness, their notes demonstrate a much more balanced usage of both their L1 and L2, although other languages in their linguistic repertoire still hardly showed any presence. This could shed light on how teachers of an interpreting course could integrate translanguaging into their pedagogy to help students fully utilize their linguistic repertoire for the optimum interpreting performance.
A Model of Task-Based Blended Learning for the EFL Writing Classroom
Authors: Sitawati Anak Agung Raka , Putra I Made Ardana , Sucani Ni Ketut , Widanta I Made Rai Jaya , Ardika I Wayan Dana , Hudiananingsih Putu Dyah
Published: March 2022

Online learning is being implemented due to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. This is based on the reduction of cases and casualties to the danger and severity of the disease. Though several compliments were encountered in the implementation of this educational process, English instructors at secondary and tertiary levels continue to protest the change. To respond to this dilemma, the development of blended learning (a combination of online and offline learning) emerged. Therefore, this study was intended to develop task-based blended learning for English correspondence education and to identify and explain the learning aspects in the model development. Approximately 120 students from four classes of semester 6 were selected and divided into two groups (experiment and control groups) since a research and development model was used for analysis (Dick & Carey, 1990). The draft model was further validated and piloted for several meetings. The results show effective learning materials containing five sections, namely (1) activity lead, (2) mind mapping, (3) refocusing, (4) writing, and (5) reinforcement. The materials were designed through the provision of tasks in every section, therefore integrating the students’ use of four language skills. In addition, these materials were designed according to lesson plan, learning syntax, and assessment tools.
Cognitive Skills Reflection and Distribution in EFL Program Testing
Authors: Sheguf Elsaid. M. , Alhaj Abdulbasit A.
Published: March 2022

The present study aims at figuring out the extent to which the low-order cognitive skills (LOCS) and high-order cognitive skills (HOCS) are reflected and systematically distributed in the first and eighth levels exam question papers. The study adopts the assumption that, critical thinking skills and creative thinking skills are adequately reflected and distributed in the exam question papers based on Bloom's Taxonomy of the Learning Behavior. The tool used for data collection is a check list containing cognitive domain order which is based on Bloom's Taxonomy. The goal is to ascertain whether questions at level 1 and level 8 offered in English language program in the College of Science and Arts in Mahayel Asir are adequately adjusted to the taxonomy. The descriptive and analytical method is applied to analyze the data. The researchers reviewed relevant literature and assessed similar results. The findings of the study revealed that lower-order cognitive skills for level 1 (88.23%) are used in the question papers more than higher-order cognitive skills (11.77%). On the other extreme, lower-order cognitive skills in level 8 (93.86%) are mostly used in the question papers more than higher- order cognitive skills (6.14%). There are adequate distribution and reflection of cognitive skills in level1 exam questions. This is not the case as in level 8 where the focus was wholly based on the lower-order at the cost of the higher-order cognitive skills.
Scaffolding Instruction in Virtual Language Learning
Authors: Liu Zhengxia , Hua Jie , Zhang Zixu
Published: March 2022

In the digital age, language learning by way of Internet technology has been popular among learners and the traditional classroom teaching is being replaced by virtual learning due to the pandemic. The upcoming technologies presenting a number of challenges for language teachers are changing teaching and learning environment. The models of virtual language learning require learners to be more cooperative to construct their own learning pace. A new scaffolding instruction is booming in terms of language education to promote linguistic and academic development. Different from the traditional classroom education, it is necessary for instructors to provide scaffolds for the students to enter the situation, set up a support and explore the differences with independence. The effect of good scaffolding instruction can optimize the virtual language learning in such aspects as cooperative learning and quality control and facilitate the learners’ development on critical thinking with the ultimate purpose of independent learning.
Needs Analysis of Literacy Assessment Using Blended Learning for Beginner EFL Learners
Authors: Padmadewi Ni Nyoman , Artini Luh Putu , Ratminingsih Ni Made , Utami IGA Lokita Purnamika , Marsakawati Ni Putu Era
Published: March 2022

Needs analysis is vital in assessment instrument development because assessment is of paramount importance in teaching and learning. The phenomena of technology developments influence how assessment instruments must be developed to achieve the learning objectives and outcomes. The present study aimed at conducting a needs analysis of literacy assessment using blended learning for beginner EFL learners in Bali, Indonesia. The survey-style research was carried out involving 17 English teachers from 12 public junior high schools. A questionnaire, in-depth interviews, and a focused group discussion were used to collect the data. The data were descriptively analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The study results revealed that the needs identified in assessment developments consist of the target needs that cover the necessities of assessments, including the assessment of learning, as learning, assessment for learning, wants and lacks. In addition, the learner needs in the form of authentic materials, technology-based materials, skills-based, and language inputs are all needed in developing instrument assessments. The activities and procedures for conducting assessments in the form of pedagogical and real-life tasks and procedures are required, in addition to the roles of the students as knowledge seekers, problem solvers, collaborators, critical thinkers, and creators. The identified needs were then used as the basis for the framework design. The needs analysis results conducted in this study are expected to inspire teachers in developing research-based assessment instruments in EFL instructions.
Are Reading Difficulties Associated With Poor Verbal Learning Skills? Evidence From the Fast-Mapping Paradigm
Authors: Taha Haitham , Sawaed Samah , Jabareen-Taha Samaher
Published: March 2022

The main purpose of the current study was to examine the effectiveness of the mechanism of learning new words among typical readers and those with developmental reading difficulties. Twenty-three poor readers and twenty-two typical readers performed a fast mapping word learning task. Three variables were measured; the learning rate, the identification ability after learning and the recognition of the referents of learned new words. The results revealed that the performances of the typical readers were significantly higher than those of the poor readers in all measures. The results were discussed in light of the verbal efficiency framework and the poor visual-phonological associations among the poor readers.
More Than an Invalid: A Comparative Study Addressing Disability Portrayal in Children’s Fiction
Authors: R Roshini. , V Rajasekaran.
Published: March 2022

Children's literature or young adult literature is often seen as an elementary and casual genre, but people overlook the powerful tools it acquires in modelling attitudes and shaping children's minds. Various studies point out that society's behaviours and attitudes towards disability and people with disability are primarily based on popular culture and not personal encounters or experiences. Disability has always been an inseparable part of children's movies and stories from the beginning of times, only the magnitude to which it has been revealed has changed. This literature is seen as the most important as it introduces the world to young minds, and hence the impression it creates in children's minds would not easily be eliminated. It is also noted that young children accept differences and generate positive, acceptive attitudes during their early ages as they are less resistant and have little foreknowledge. This paper examines the disability representations in children's literature and traces the changes it has undergone as a genre from the nineteenth century to the twenty-first century. Two children's books are selected for this study, “Heidi” by Johanna Spyri and “Rules” by Cynthia Lord. The differences in the portrayal of disability and disabled characters in these novels are studied through content analysis, character study, comparison and by analyzing the linguistic symbols. This paper also ventures to decipher the norms and societal values the stereotypes were based on, and it also attempts to account for any changes.
English Teachers’ Professional Development: Perspectives From Canada, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan
Authors: Al-Harbi Mohammed S. , Ahmad Hussain
Published: March 2022

English teacher professional development (PD) follows different pathways in different contexts depending on local classroom ecology; however, the main goal of PD is to improve learners’ academic achievements. For this purpose, the current study provides a comparative analysis of Teaching of English to the Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) teacher professional development perspectives from Canada, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan. Data was collected from seven teachers who had EFL/ESL teaching experience in Canada, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan. The study attempted to find out dominant English teacher professional development pathways in the three contexts and investigated how these pathways influence teacher classroom practices.
Pengaruh Metode Three Step Interview terhadap Hasil Belajar Sejarah Siswa MA Al-Islamiyah Bebidas Lombok Timur
Authors: Wulandari Rulia , Rasyad Abdul , Suhupawati Suhupawati
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Three Step Interview method on student history learning outcomes. The research method used is an experimental method. The experimental design used was quasi-experimental by giving treatment in the form of applying the Three Step Interview method to the experimental class and the conventional method to the control class. The sample in this study amounted to 35 people. The data collection technique used was a multiple choice test, while the data analysis technique used was the t test using SPSS 16.0. Based on data analysis, the significance value of the t-test for Equality of Means was 0,000 0.05. These results indicate that there is a positive and significant influence of the Three Step Interview method on student history learning outcomes.
Maintaining Social Harmony Through Historical Learning Based on Local Wisdom of Indigenous Peoples in Maluku
Authors: Ufie Agustinus , Oruh Shermina , Agustang Andi
Published: March 2022

This research unveiled the local wisdom values of wawar tradition that have been passed down from generation to generation among indigenous people in Kei islands that can be the driving force and conclusion to various social phenomena such as conflict, violence, and radicalism. This is a qualitative study with a descriptive analytical approach to 35 informants as the respondents. The results show that Wawar’s local wisdom values, such as Tet Yaa, can manifest respect for and respect for attitudes, actions, words, and actions concretely in everyday life. Ain Ni Ain can manifest belonging to each other, brotherhood, loving others despite different religions, ethnicities and social statuses. Ha Maren, Yel Lim can embody the attitude of helping, giving and receiving in all aspects of life. On the other hand, the findings indicated that wawar tradition was a local wisdom capable of fostering an atmosphere of civilization and social order since this tradition contained social and moral values, which were able to gather and organize the social integrity of the community from all walks of life inhabiting Kei islands. Mutual respect and sharing, spirit of brotherhood and harmony were maintained amidst the ever growing onslaught of modern culture. Hence, wawar local culture as the identity of indigenous peoples among the school and students can be developed into learning sources so that education is able to prepare future generations who have cultural identity and self-integrity based on the values of local cultures and traditions.
The Crisis of the Multilateral Order in Eurasia: Authoritarian Regionalism and Its Limits
Authors: Dragneva Rilka , Hartwell Christopher A.
Published: March 2022

The process of authoritarian regionalism, where illiberal or similarly restrictive governments undertake a process of economic integration amongst each other, has emerged in the past two decades as a rival to existing liberal multilateral organisations. Emblematic of this approach is the Eurasian Economic Union (EaEU), a grouping of post-Soviet states which has borrowed heavily from the experience of the EU but has set itself up as an alternative form of regionalism. Using the concept of institutional resilience, this article shows how the EaEU has been buffeted by three major shocks that have reduced its attractiveness as a viable development alternative to the West. Crises of economic integration, regional security, and, above all, of domestic stability have exposed the reality that the EaEU may be highly susceptible to shocks and, as a result, is less attractive as an alternative developmental model.
Diagnostic algorithm for iron deficiency anemia
Authors: Trigulova V. S. , Volchkova N. S. , Tukhvatullina I. A,
Published: March 2022

Iron deficiency anemia, which is based on iron deficiency in the blood serum, bone marrow, depot and tissues, is more common than other forms of anemia. The most frequent etiological factors of iron deficiency anemia are known to be various kinds of blood loss: menorrhagia and metrorrhagia (in women), from the gastrointestinal tract (peptic ulcer, erosions, diverticula, hemorrhoids, non-specific ulcerative colitis, etc.), hematuria, nasal and uterine bleeding. The causes of this anemia can be tumors of various localizations, rare diseases (pulmonary hemosiderosis, glomus cysts), worm infestations, chronic infections, enteritis and intestinal resection. Anemia can also occur in women during pregnancy and lactation, when the body's need for iron increases, in adolescents with an insufficient baseline level (if their mothers suffered from iron deficiency anemia), and in donors.
β2-microglobulin in the diagnosis of nephrotoxic effects of aminoglycosides
Authors: Trusov V. V. , Filimonov M. A.
Published: March 2022

Widespread introduction of antibiotics of aminoglycosides group into clinical practice necessitates adequate dynamic monitoring of functional state of the kidneys in terms of early detection of their possible nephrotoxic effect. According to the literature, the incidence of renal damage during treatment with glycosides ranges from 15 to 35%.
Possibilities of clinical and radiological differential diagnosis of non-lymphogranulomatous lymphomas and mediastinal lymphogranulomatosis
Authors: Terentieva N. A. , Penin S. V.
Published: March 2022

Despite a significant number of works devoted to malignant lymphomas, early differential diagnosis of these tumors and malignant neoplasms of the mediastinum in general, as well as differentiation of variants in the group of malignant lymphomas itself remain undeveloped. This is especially true for isolated lesions of the mediastinum. Radiological picture of mediastinum and lung lesions in malignant lymphomas is extremely diverse. It depends on the combination of lesions of different groups of mediastinal lymph nodes, their size, localization, as well as on the stage of the disease. Is it possible to distinguish in this polymorphic picture the features peculiar only to lymphogranulematosis, non-lymphogranulematous lymphomas (lymphosarcomas and reticulosarcomas are combined by this term according to WHO classification of 1976) or these diseases cannot be distinguished radiologically from each other? Some authors answer that there is no dependence of the radiological picture on the histological variant of malignant lymphomas, while others point to some differences. Therefore, we would like to dwell on the clinical and radiological data allowing differential diagnosis of non-lymphogranulomatous lymphomas and lymphogranulematosis.
Clinical significance of microcirculation assessment in women with threatened abortion
Authors: Kapeliushnik N. L. , Kutysheva L. M. , Zefirova T. P. , Maltseva L. I.
Published: March 2022

Pregnancy failure is one of the pressing problems of modern obstetrics. According to the WHO committee of experts, in 10-25% of cases the pregnancy ends in spontaneous termination. A variety of etiological factors that lead to pregnancy termination causes a wide variability of medical, surgical and physical treatment methods. One of the leading pathogenetic mechanisms of pregnancy failure is myometrial hypoxia due to hemodynamic disorders in the uterus. The latter cause a decrease in the excitability threshold of the muscular wall of the uterus and increase its contractility.
Hyperinsulinemia in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Gurevich E. P. , Khazina A. S.
Published: March 2022

Elevated insulin levels not accompanied by a decrease in blood glucose are found in various non-endocrine pathologies. An increase in basal insulin has been detected in psoriasis, as well as in children with chronic lung disease. In atherosclerosis, hyperinsulinemia is detected both on an empty stomach and during glucose tolerance test (GTT), which, combined with dyslipoproteinemia, increases the risk of coronary heart disease.
On the causes of diagnostic errors in the detection of gastrointestinal cancers
Authors: Khamidullin R. I. , Brodskaya A. M. , Klimova N. A. , Trigulova V. S. , Elyashevich B. L.
Published: March 2022

Qualified medical care of the population to a great extent depends on the quality of diagnostic work at the polyclinic stage.To study the causes of delayed diagnosis of gastrointestinal tumors we analyzed case histories of 2120 patients treated at the gastroenterology department during three years. Gastric tumors of various localizations were revealed in 32 patients, in 9 patients - tumors of large intestine. The average age of the patients was 56 years.
Reflex Therapy in the Complex of Restorative Treatment of Traumatological and Orthopedic Patients
Authors: Polyakova A. G.
Published: March 2022

A number of authors have shown the possibility of using reflexotherapy in the complex of means of rehabilitation of patients with traumatological and orthopedic profile.

We analyzed a ten-year experience of using reflexotherapy in the complex of rehabilitation treatment of 196 patients with consequences of limb fractures and 187 patients with osteoarthritis of large joints. Among them there were 56% men and 44% women at the age of 21 to 67 years old.
Visitors to trauma hospitals as a possible source of hospital-acquired infection
Authors: Kuznetsov A. A.
Published: March 2022

The presence of visitors in trauma hospitals is to some extent natural and desirable: communication with relatives and acquaintances has a beneficial effect on the neuropsychiatric status of patients who have suffered trauma or are about to undergo surgical intervention, especially considering their prolonged inpatient treatment. In some cases, visitors are involved in the care of patients. However, visitors to trauma hospitals can be additional sources of infection, influencing the spread of nosocomial staphylococcal infection, which has so far received little attention.
Functional splint for treating clavicle fractures
Authors: Khasanov T. A. , Alemasov R. Yu.
Published: March 2022

For the treatment of clavicle fractures, we developed a functional splint, which is an improved splint of S. I. Kuzminsky. It provides repositioning and stable fixation of fractures, allows us to maximally raise, retract and keep the shoulder girdle in an elevated position during the period necessary for the fracture to heal.
Problems of premature infants
Authors: Belogorskaya E. V. , Alexandrova L. Ya. , Lokotunina V. M. , Yusupova G. Z. , Ivanova T. I. , Novozhilova A. A.
Published: March 2022

The frequency of premature births has no decreasing tendency and varies from 4 to 14%. The rate of prematurity in TASSR varies from 5.7 to 6%, but in Kazan, Naberezhnye Chelny, Nizhnekamsk it exceeds the average republican rate.The importance of this problem lies in the fact that prematurity affects child mortality rates. Thus, the risk of death of a premature baby is 34-37 times higher than that of a full-term baby. Premature babies account for about 70% of newborns who died before 7 days of life, and about half of them are "low birth weight babies", that is, those whose body weight is equal or less than 1500 grams. In this group, the mortality rate reaches 40% and more.
Transformation of small focal myocardial infarction into transmural
Authors: Latfullin I. A. , Gayanova M. N. , Belopukhov V. M. , Minnetdinov R. Sh.
Published: March 2022

The widespread classification of coronary heart disease does not accidentally distinguish two forms of myocardial infarction - large-focal and small-focal. These forms also require appropriate treatment tactics. Many years of clinical experience have created the idea of milder course and favorable prognosis of small focal myocardial infarction, but from time to time there are reports, forcing to reconsider its attitude due to propensity of this form to recurrence, unpredictable frequent exacerbation and even worse prognosis.
Stromal Desmoplasia and Prognosis of Breast Cancer
Authors: Petrov S. B.
Published: March 2022

Clinical prognostic factors influencing the choice of treatment method and its long-term results in patients with cancer of various organs, breast cancer in particular, are intensively studied. At the same time, in a number of cases, when prognostic factors seem to be favorable and constantly taken into account, the life expectancy of patients is short and vice versa. The morphological analysis of the removed mammary gland tumors in women, besides the traditional diagnosis, can give additional risk criteria with their subsequent use for prognosis.
Extracranial metastasis of a brain tumor
Authors: Shulman Kh. M. , Danilov V. I. , Petrov S. P.
Published: March 2022

Extracranial metastasis of brain tumors is a rare phenomenon. No more than 200 pathomorphologically verified cases have been reported in the world literature. According to these data, extracranial metastasis is relatively common among patients with medulloblastomas of the brain, while glioblastomas metastasize less frequently. The primary focus may be in any of the brain lobes, but the temporal and occipital lobes are the most frequently mentioned. Metastasis more often occurs by hematogenous dissemination through the veins of the spinal cord, which connect the cerebral venous system with the veins of internal organs. Much less often tumor cells from the primary focus pass beyond the blood-brain barrier via lymphatic tracts. Metastases are found in lymph nodes, bones, muscles, lungs, liver, kidneys, adrenal glands, and other organs. Extracranial metastasis usually occurs in patients who have undergone one or more surgical interventions for brain tumors.
Diagnosis and prediction of the effectiveness of surgical correction of uterine anomalies
Authors: Orlov V. M.
Published: March 2022

We examined 180 women aged 22 to 37 years in whom hysterosalpingography revealed uterine abnormalities. The women were somatically healthy, complained mainly of pregnancy failure and infertility, some of them had algodysmenorrhea. To specify the form of uterine malformation, identify a closed rudimentary horn, determine the distance between the horns, and the condition of fallopian tubes, 143 patients underwent chromolaparoscopy and 20 of them were combined with gas gynecography. The nature of surgical intervention was determined based on the findings. In addition, all the patients were subjected to ultrasound examination to detect both the form of uterine anomalies and combined pathology of the urinary system.
Alloplasty of rectal hernia
Authors: Kolomensky S. N. , Bolshakov A. I. , Karpov A. B. , Arzhanov Yu. V. , Gilmutdinov A. A.
Published: March 2022

We observed a patient with rectal hernia in a posttraumatic defect of the sacrum and coccyx. The disease was of interest due to its rarity. Similar cases could not be found in the available literature.
Organization and experience of the outpatient urology department of the city
Authors: Groysman V. A. , Belykh S. I. , Tulepkaliev S. T. , Titarenko L. G.
Published: March 2022

In order to improve the urological polyclinic care for the population of Togliatti, a city polyclinic urological department was opened in October 1983, on the basis of the medical sanitary unit 7 of Kuibyshevhydrostroy, where previously all inpatient urology and nephrology service of the city and the region with a population of about 630 thousand people had been concentrated.The head of the department performs general management of the polyclinic urological service, controls the issues of continuity and examination of incapacity for work, and provides consulting assistance.
Doctor's guess
Authors: Germanov V. A. , Sergeeva T. M.
Published: March 2022

The art of medicine is not possible without the doctor's insight. It continually directs the doctor's thought, his actions in diagnosis, diagnostic control of treatment. The modern doctor must imagine the nature, the essence of guessing in a complex, profound, stage-by-stage process of cognition. V.I. Dahl pointed out that a hunch is not only an opinion, a judgment, an assumption. It is also a penetration into the meaning, the essence of the object (process, phenomenon). In different doctrines - from empiricism and pragmatism to irrationalism and conventionalism - the essence of a guess is interpreted in different ways: as an "insight from above," the consequence of a "useful" or "purely volitional" act, a "short-circuit" in consciousness ("symptom - disease"), or some "gentleman's agreement" about "disease terms," sometimes as a "takeoff of thought for the moment" (ad hoc) or as the outcome of the operativist premise that "things are our constructions." Such positions are close to the Freudian "hidden, unconscious principle of creativity," Bergson's "instinct of cognition," and the "concentration of cognition in sensuality" inherent in Feuerbach's philosophy. Some scholars try to identify guesswork and a form of irrationalism, intuitionism. Intuitivists (and naitivists) themselves declare "illumination from above," "nativity" as the only way of cognition and not only in its early stages. All this penetrates into medical journalism, memoirism, medical consciousness.
Reflection in the national periodical literature of the problem of organization of care and treatment of patients with open fractures of the limbs in the conditions of an agricultural area
Authors: Klyushkin I. V.
Published: March 2022

We studied medical journals of traumatology and orthopedics, surgical, organizational and technical profiles in which we supposed to find publications on the topic of organization of care and treatment of patients with open limb fractures in the conditions of an agricultural area.
Z. Sh. Gilyazutdinova.Pregnancy and childbirth in diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system.— Kazan, Kazan University Press, 1989.— 154 p.
Authors: Turevsky I. I.
Published: March 2022

The book under review is written on a topical topic of great medical and social importance. It consists of a preface, eleven chapters, an appendix, a list of references, and a table of contents. and peripheral nervous system.- Kazan, Kazan University Press, 1989.- 154 p.
Ultrasound examination of the pancreatobiliary system
Authors: Salikhov I. A. , Fedorov V. V. , Krasilnikov D. M. , Knubovets S. Ya. , Karpukhin O. Yu. , Zakirova N. G. , Abdullina A. M.
Published: March 2022

Among new noninvasive and highly informative methods of liver, extrahepatic bile ducts and pancreas pathology research, ultrasound examination is the most widespread nowadays. In recent years a lot of works have been published, testifying about great diagnostic possibilities of ultrasound in cholelithiasis, as well as in surgical diseases of pancreas.
Ultrasound-guided percutaneous kidney drainage for obstructive pyelonephritis in bladder cancer patients
Authors: Sitdykov E. N. , Zubkov A. Yu. , Sitdykova M. E.
Published: March 2022

The development of acute pyelonephritis is a frequent cause of death in patients with bladder cancer. Treatment of this category of patients is very difficult because of their severe condition caused by the combination of purulent and cancerous processes, as well as severe impairment of urine passage in the upper urinary tract, which is associated with a long asymptomatic course of bladder cancer and, therefore, late diagnosis of the disease. In most cases, the development of acute pyelonephritis is caused by ureteral obstruction as a result of tumor infiltrating growth, resulting in intramural blockage and retention changes in the upper urinary tract. The causes of inflammatory complications after surgical intervention for bladder cancer are, as a rule, surgical trauma and defect of ureterocystoanastomosis.
Extracorporeal methods of detoxification in burn disease
Authors: Marchuk A. I. , Zaets T. L. , Stankevich V. E.
Published: March 2022

The treatment of burn disease presents significant difficulties. Particularly high mortality (51.7% - 64.4%) occurs during the period of acute burn toxemia, characterized by pronounced intoxication of the body.

According to the toxic theory of burn toxemia pathogenesis, it is determined by the toxicity of blood, lymph, extracts from the skin and internal organs, fluid blisters burned. This theory is recognized by most combustiologists; researchers differ in their opinions only in assessing the nature of the toxin and the place of its formation.
Lymphological principles of treatment and prevention of peritonitis
Authors: Veliyev N. A.
Published: March 2022

In recent years, there are more and more works on both experimental and clinical problems of lymphology, revealing the involvement of the lymphatic system in the occurrence, development and outcome of a variety of pathological processes.Modern therapeutic lymphology is developing in four directions: 1) external drainage of the thoracic lymphatic duct with extracorporeal lymphatic clearance; 2) endolymphatic therapy; 3) lymphotropic therapy; and 4) lymphostimulation. All these areas can be divided into two forms of action on the lymphatic system: directly through the lymphatic manifolds (drainage of the thoracic lymphatic duct and endolymphatic therapy) and through other biological objects (lymphostimulation and lymphotropic therapy). Various methods and techniques by which the function of the lymphatic system can be controlled are justified in the treatment of essentially all pathological processes.
Local irrigation of ulcers through the endoscope
Authors: Gumerov A. A. , Kantyukova G. A. , Ishimov Sh. S. , Mamliev I. A. , Khamidullina F. M.
Published: March 2022

Over the last decade the number of children with peptic ulcer disease has increased. The severity of the course and frequent exacerbation of the process, leading to dangerous complications, dictate the need to find new methods of treatment aimed at accelerating the healing of ulcerous defects.
Prevention of colonic anastomosis failure
Authors: Semenov V. S. , Petrov V. V.
Published: March 2022

One of the severe complications leading in some cases to the lethal outcome after colorectal resection is purulent complication with development of intestinal anastomosis failure. The following factors influence anastomosis failure: the patient's condition at the time of surgery; measures to prevent infection of the abdominal cavity; technical aspects of the operation both in terms of tactics and in the application of the anastomosis; measures aimed at decompression of the operated intestinal area.
Dynamics of bipolar rheohysterography values after main vessel ligation for Kuveler's uterus
Authors: Sabirov F. M. , Shmelev A. A.
Published: March 2022

Postpartum atonic bleeding is still a major complication, often leading to death. The main cause of major blood loss is a delayed laparotomy to stop the bleeding.The method of ligation of the uterine main vessels does not require a high surgical technique and simultaneously preserves menstrual and generative functions.
Characteristics of injuries with damage to the bone apparatus in crews on water transport
Authors: Shapovalov K. A.
Published: March 2022

A combination of risk factors that have a constant effect on the musculoskeletal apparatus of the crew in the northern region (noise, vibration), as well as working conditions on the open deck (cold and moisture) lead to degenerative-dystrophic changes in bone tissue, against which its strength to mechanical influences is reduced.
Hemodynamic parameters in patients with myocardial infarction with left ventricular failure and various types of collapse
Authors: Kesler D. F.
Published: March 2022

Despite numerous clinical and experimental studies, the question of the pathogenesis of cardiogenic collapse remains unclear. Even V.P. Obraztsov and N.V. Strazhesko, and then Vouyer, suggested that heart failure is the main factor in the pathogenesis of cardiogenic collapse. Subsequently, A.V. Vinogradov, V.N. Vinogradov et al., P.E. Lukomsky, Fieshberg, Smith et al., Freis et al., Et al. Provided convincing data on the leading role of acutely developing cardiac muscle weakness in the development of cardiogenic collapse. Friedberg, Lee attach critical importance to the reduction of vascular tone. Finally, Selzer and Rytand, I. E. Ganelina, V. N. Brikker and E. I. Vol'pert believe that different types of collapse can be distinguished by pathogenesis in myocardial infarction. It is also not entirely clear why acute myocardial weakness in some patients is manifested clinically by pulmonary edema, while others develop a picture of collapse (Cronin).
On the pathogenesis of heart failure in patients with pulmonary emphysema
Authors: Shershevsky B. M.
Published: March 2022

The main direct cause of the development of right ventricular heart failure in patients with obstructive pulmonary emphysema is an increase in pressure in the pulmonary artery system. According to our colleague Yu. N. Steinhardt, with pulmonary emphysema, not complicated by heart failure, the pressure in the pulmonary artery at rest is increased only in 1/3 of patients and, moreover, is usually insignificant (mean pressure 21-42, on average 25 mm ); somewhat more often, at normal pressure at rest, there is a more distinct increase in pressure during exercise than in healthy people. In patients with emphysema with heart failure, pulmonary arterial hypertension was always, and usually significant. Thus, the mean pressure in 17 studied patients varied within 28-75 mm (on average - 47 mm). The degree of hypertension corresponded to the degree of circulatory insufficiency (mean pressure 32, 47 and 55 mm with insufficiency of I, II and III degrees, respectively).
Cardiopathy of pregnant women
Authors: Gillerson A. B. , Basin B. L. , Kuravskaya E. Ya.
Published: March 2022

With regard to the management of pregnant women, women in labor and postpartum women with cardiopathies, we adhere to the medical tactics we have developed.
Pregnancy and childbirth in women who have undergone commissurotomy
Authors: Dmitrieva G. N.
Published: March 2022

In connection with the success of cardiac surgery in obstetrics, a new problem has arisen associated with pregnancy and childbirth in patients who have undergone heart surgery for acquired or congenital heart disease.
Chronic tonsillitis in patients with congenital heart defects and great vessels
Authors: Serebryakova S. N.
Published: March 2022

The practical significance of the problem of chronic tonsillitis in patients with congenital heart defects is determined by the fact that rational treatment of tonsillitis in such patients is the prevention of septic-rheumatic complications that can occur both before and after heart surgery. At the same time, only a few works are devoted to the study of chronic tonsillitis in patients with congenital heart defects. NA Vishnevskaya (1966, 1967), referring to our publications (1964, 1965), emphasizes the practical importance of this problem, but her research is devoted mainly to the peculiarities of tonsillectomy in such patients.
Our experience in the treatment of burn disease and burn wounds
Authors: Popov A. F. , Skvortsov M. G. , Ivanov S. I.
Published: March 2022

Success in treating burned patients depends on the timeliness and quality of first aid; from a complex of anti-shock measures; from the thoroughness of the primary treatment of the fired surface; on the nature of the fight against wound infection and intoxication; from the method of treatment and measures to prevent complications.
Radio telemetry of intraplacental venous pressure in the successive period of normal labor
Authors: Blok M. Ya.
Published: March 2022

The study of uterine contractions in the successive period is of great theoretical and practical interest, since the duration of the period and the amount of blood loss depend on their nature. Moir (1936) proposed to investigate the contractile activity of the uterus by measuring the venous intraplacental pressure. Using this technique, we studied the contractile activity of the uterus in the successive period in women in labor with a normal and pathological course of labor Alvarez and Caldeiro-Barsia (1950), 3. N. Kunareva (1957), N. A. Chunikhina (1957).
Condition of persons undergoing cholecystectomy
Authors: Dryagin K. A. , Silchenko K. D. , Stroev Yu. I.
Published: March 2022

A significant part of patients with cholelithiasis from the moment of onset of cholecystitis is threatened by such complications as obstruction of the common bile duct with a stone, the development of chronic pancreatitis, active pericholecystitis with the involvement of neighboring organs in the process, the transition to a destructive form of cholecystitis, perforation of the gallbladder, vesico-duodenal fistulas and others. Of our 250 patients who underwent cholecystectomy, 93, that is, 37.2%, were operated on due to these complications. Naturally, in these conditions, surgical intervention cannot be the stage that completes the treatment of recurrent and chronic cholecystitis.
Complex treatment of a patient with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis
Authors: Bilyukin N. V. , Kaiserman M. M.
Published: March 2022

E., 16 years old, was admitted to the surgical department on 15 / X 1965 with complaints of pain in the right hip, headache, high temperature. The disease was preceded by severe hypothermia. 11 / X suddenly felt pain in the upper third of the right thigh, aggravated by walking. On the 13th, her condition worsened, a headache, weakness, sharp pains in the hip appeared, the temperature rose to 40 .
The use of pyrotherapy and antibiotics for varicose ulcers of the lower extremities
Authors: Ter-Karapetyants N. N.
Published: March 2022

We observed 7 patients with varicose ulcers of both legs. We injected six patients every other day with intramuscularly sterile milk in increasing doses from 2 to 7 ml, and also underwent autohemotherapy (10-12 injections) and injections of vitamin B12. Inside was given tincture of iodine according to the usual scheme. The ulcers were sprinkled with oxytetracycline and sterile dressings were applied.
The use of immune drugs for the treatment of patients with acute staphylococcal pneumonia
Authors: Leshinsky L. A. , Sinitsina G. M. , Pavlovskaya E. N.
Published: March 2022

In patients with acute staphylococcal pneumonia, which occurred against the background of chronic obstructive bronchitis, pronounced changes in the immunological reactivity of the body were revealed, manifested by a decrease in the ability of T-lymphocytes to blast transformation, inhibition and deregulation of the interaction of T- and B-immune systems, a decrease in nonspecific protection factors. The effectiveness of the use of targeted immune drugs and retabolil in the complex treatment of patients has been established. In addition, their use reduces the possibility of sluggish lingering pneumonia.