bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reproductive Analysis of Bryophyllum pinnatum Leaf extract against Cadmium Induced Testicular Damage
Authors:   Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Enugu State College of Medicine, Parklane, Nigeria., Charles Nwafor C. , Ogbo Ovie F. ,   Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, State University of Medical and Allied Health Sciences, Igbo-Eno, Nigeria., Dell Peters K. ,   Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, State University of Medical and Allied Health Sciences, Igbo-Eno, Nigeria.
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study is to explore if treatment with aqueous leaf extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum was effective in minimising cadmium induced testicular damage on the testes of male wistar rats. Twenty (20) mature male wistar rats was collected from Animal House of the Faculty of Basic medical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Four subgroups, each consisting of four rats, were created from them. Group I was the control group and was given unlimited access to food and water for a period of two weeks. Group II was given a two-week treatmet of B. pinnatum together with CdcT + lovv. Group III had B. pinnatum at a medium dosage together with Cdcl for a fortnight. For two weeks, group IV received a high dosage of B. pinnatum along with Cdcl. Upon completion of the final dosage, the rats were sedated, and a blood sample was taken from each one via ocular puncture using a micro capillary tube for biochemical analysis and an epididymis dissection for semen analysis. All particulate parameters were analysed according to standard protocols. The results indicated a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the rats’ final body weights in groups B and D in comparison to the control group. When the test groups’ testicular weight was compared to the control group, it dropped considerably (p<0.05). Comparing all test groups to control, there was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in both FSH and testosterone. When comparing the test groups to the control, there was a substantial (p<0.05) decrease in the motility of active sperm, but there was a significant (p<0.05) increase in the motility of sluggish and non-motile sperm. This study shown that Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf extract cannot reverse the reproductive harm caused by cadmium in rats. Keywords: Testes, Cadmium, Bryophyllum pinnatum, Reproductive Analysis, Cadmium and Testicular Damage
Attitudes towards inclusion in the context of ‘intellectual disability’: Demographic characteristics of attitude types and how social privileges might lead to denying inclusion
Authors:   Philipps-University of Marburg, rescher Hendrik , Weidmann Sonja ,   Philipps-University of Marburg
Published: October 2024

The paper at hand presents results of the online survey "Attitude(s) towards inclusion" which inquires the attitudes of the German population towards inclusion in various life contexts (i.e., recreation, work, residence) with regard to people with ‘intellectual disabilities’1. Extensive data were generated from a representative sample (n= 3695) which was analyzed using hierarchical cluster analysis and one-factorial analyses of variance. Here, we examine selected results that focus on the demographic parameters that influence people’s attitudes towards inclusion. Overall, we found a mostly positive and supportive attitude, especially among older demographic groups, female persons, persons with regular contact with people with ‘(intellectual) disabilities’, and voters of socially progressive parties2. Notably, a small but distinct demographic group was identified that was rather unsympathetic towards inclusion. Significant characteristics of this group included being male, being well-educated and favoring socially conservative politics. The ensuing discussion implies that perhaps the negative attitudes towards inclusion held by this group are intertwined with the issue of social privileges.
All Work and No Play? Listening to What Kids and Parents Really Want from Out-of-School Time
Authors: Duffet Ann , Johnson Jean , Farkas Steve , Kung Susanna , Ott Amber
Published: October 2024

This report on a national survey explores the often-overlooked views of parents and children on what they want from afterschool and summer programs.
AfterZones: Creating a Citywide System to Support and Sustain High-Quality After-School Programs
Authors: Kotloff Lauren J. , Korom-Djakovic Danijela
Published: October 2024

A study finds notable successes and some challenges in an effort to build afterschool programming for middle school children in Providence, R.I.
AfterZones: Creating a Citywide System to Support and Sustain High-Quality After-School Programs: Executive Summary
Authors: Kotloff Lauren J. , Korom-Djakovic Danijela
Published: October 2024

An executive summary of the report
Afterschool Programs: A Review of Evidence Under the Every Child Succeeds Act
Authors: Neild, Ruth Curran , Wilson Sandra Jo , McClanahan Wendy
Published: October 2024

A research review (with companion guide) finds more than 60 afterschool programs that meet the most rigorous evidence standards of the federal Every Student Succeeds Act.
Afterschool Evidence Guide: A Companion To Afterschool Programs: A Review of Evidence Under the Every Student Succeeds Act
Authors: Neild Ruth Curran , Wilson Sandra Jo , McClanahan Wendy
Published: October 2024

Read this companion guide summarizing research on specific afterschool programs and activities.
AfterZone: Outcomes for Youth Participating in Providence’s After-School System
Authors: Kauh Tina J.
Published: October 2024

One of the first rigorous evaluations of a citywide system for afterschool programming finds that the effort, in Providence, R.I., was associated with school-related benefits for children.
Better Together: Building Local Systems to Improve Afterschool (A Conference Report)
Authors: Cummins H.J.
Published: October 2024

When teams from 57 U.S. cities discuss how to build local afterschool systems, ideas fly about improving access to high-quality afterschool, as documented in this conference report.
Angriff im Deckmantel der Selbstverteidigung
Authors: Nosrati Narin
Published: October 2024

Die Regierung der Islamischen Republik Iran feuerte am 1. Oktober 2024 Raketen auf Israel. Hierbei gab es mehrere Verletzte, ein Palästinenser im Westjordanland kam ums Leben.  Der Iran  beruft sich auf das Selbstverteidigungsrecht aus Artikel 51 der UN-Charta als Reaktion auf die Tötung von Führungskräften seiner sogenannten „Achse des Widerstands“ durch Israel. Damit berufen sich beide Parteien auf das Recht zur Selbstverteidigung. Doch das Selbstverteidigungsrecht einer Partei schließt gleichzeitig das Recht der anderen aus. Wer kann sich also tatsächlich auf dieses Recht berufen?
Evaluating the antimicrobial activity of maitake mushroom extract against Staphylococcus epidermidis
Authors: Shamsudeen Hana , Palffy Christina
Published: October 2024

Antibiotic resistance poses a severe global health threat, necessitating the exploration of novel antimicrobial therapies. Mushrooms have long been recognized for their antimicrobial properties, and their extracts have shown promising health-promoting effects in various studies. Given this potential, we focused our attention on the Maitake mushroom (Grifola frondosa), a species known for its medicinal properties. In this study, we aimed to determine the antimicrobial effect of Maitake mushroom extract against Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), a common causative agent of hospital-acquired infections with enhanced antibiotic resistance. We hypothesized that Maitake mushroom extract would exhibit significant antimicrobial activity against S. epidermidis. To test this hypothesis, we conducted disc diffusion assays using different concentrations of Maitake extract and compared their effects to a standard antibiotic, tetracycline. Our results demonstrated that Maitake extract possesses potent antimicrobial activity against S. epidermidis, with higher concentrations showing inhibition comparable to tetracycline. The extract exhibited a dose-dependent antimicrobial effect, with the higher concentration producing larger zones of inhibition. Our findings suggest that Maitake mushroom extract could potentially be developed as a novel natural antimicrobial agent to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria, providing safer and more environmentally friendly therapeutic options to address the growing concern of antibiotic resistance.
Outer Independent Double Roman Domination Stability in Graphs
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, I.R. Iran, Sheikholeslami S.M. , Esmaeili M. ,   Department of Mathematics, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, I.R. Iran, Volkmann L. ,   Lehrstuhl II fur Mathematik RWTH Aachen University 52056 Aachen, Germany
Published: October 2024

An outer independent double Roman dominating function (OIDRDF) on a graph G is a function f : V ( G ) → { 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 } having the property that (i) if f ( v ) = 0 , then the vertex v must have at least two neighbors assigned 2 under f or one neighbor w with f ( w ) = 3 , and if f ( v ) = 1 , then the vertex v must have at least one neighbor w with f ( w ) ≥ 2 and (ii) the subgraph induced by the vertices assigned 0 under f is edgeless. The weight of an OIDRDF is the sum of its function values over all vertices, and the outer independent double Roman domination number γ o i d R ( G ) is the minimum weight of an OIDRDF on G . The γ o i d R -stability ( γ − o i d R -stability, γ + o i d R -stability) of G , denoted by s t γ o i d R ( G ) ( s t − γ o i d R ( G ) , s t + γ o i d R ( G ) ), is defined as the minimum size of a set of vertices whose removal changes (decreases, increases) the outer independent double Roman domination number. In this paper, we determine the exact values on the γ o i d R -stability of some special classes of graphs, and present some bounds on s t γ o i d R ( G ) . In addition, for a tree T with maximum degree Δ , we show that s t γ o i d R ( T ) = 1 and s t − γ o i d R ( T ) ≤ Δ , and characterize the trees that achieve the upper bound.
Hub Cover Pebbling Number
Authors:   St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Palayamkottai – 627 002, Tamilnadu, India, Lourdusamy A. , Joy Beaula F. ,   Holy Cross College(Autonomous), Tiruchirapalli – 620 002, Tamilnadu, India, Patrick F. ,   Aadhavan College of Arts and Science, Manapparai – 621 307, Tamilnadu, India
Published: October 2024

The hub cover pebbling number, h ∗ ( G ) , of a graph $G$, is the least non-negative integer such that from all distributions of h ∗ ( G ) pebbles over the vertices of G , it is possible to place at least one pebble each on every vertex of a set of vertices of a hub set for G using a sequence of pebbling move operations, each pebbling move operation removes two pebbles from a vertex and places one pebble on an adjacent vertex. Here we compute the hub cover pebbling number for wheel related graphs.
Hyperplanes of Segre Geometries
Authors:   Department of Mathematics: Algebra & Geometry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S25, 9000 Gent, Belgium, Maldeghem Hendrik Van
Published: October 2024

We classify the geometric hyperplanes of the Segre geometries, that is, direct products of two projective spaces. In order to do so, we use the concept of a generalised duality. We apply the classification to Segre varieties and determine precisely which geometric hyperplanes are induced by hyperplanes of the ambient projective space. As a consequence we find that all geometric hyperplanes are induced by hyperplanes of the ambient projective space if, and only if, the underlying field has order 2 or 3 .
Decomposition of the λ -Fold Complete Equipartite Graph into Unicyclic Graphs of Order Five
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Sri Sai Ram Engineering College, Sai Leo Nagar, West Tambaram 600 044, India, Sivakaran T.
Published: October 2024

For a graph G and a subgraph H of a graph G , an H -decomposition of the graph G is a partition of the edge set of G into subsets E i , 1 ≤ i ≤ k , such that each E i induces a graph isomorphic to H . In this paper, it is proved that every simple connected unicyclic graph of order five decomposes the λ -fold complete equipartite graph whenever the necessary conditions are satisfied. This generalizes a result of Huang, *Utilitas Math.* 97 (2015), 109–117.
A Note on Complete Classification of Repeated-Root σ -Constacyclic Codes of Prime Power Length over F p m [ u ] / ⟨ u 3 ⟩ and their Hamming Distances
Authors:   Mathematical and Informatics Engineering Laboratory Ibn Zohr University – Morocco, Ahendouz Youssef , Akharraz Ismail ,   Mathematical and Informatics Engineering Laboratory Ibn Zohr University – Morocco
Published: October 2024

This note presents a counterexample to Propositions 7 and 8 in the paper [1], where the authors determine the values of V and W . These values are crucial in determining the Hamming distance and MDS codes in the family of certain constacyclic codes over F p m [ u ] / ⟨ u 3 ⟩ , which implies that the results found in [2] are incorrect. Furthermore, we provide corrections to the aforementioned results.
The Monophonic-triangular Number of a Graph
Authors:   Department of Science and Humanities, St.Mother Theresa Engineering College, Thoothukudi 628 102, India, Lazarus G.Princeton , Selvakumar K. ,   Department of Science and Humanities, University College of Engineering Nagercoil, Anna University: Tirunelveli Region, Nagercoil – 629 004, India, Titus P. ,   Department of Science and Humanities, University College of Engineering Nagercoil, Anna University: Tirunelveli Region, Nagercoil – 629 004, India
Published: October 2024

A path \(x_1, x_2, \dots, x_n\) in a connected graph \( G \) that has no edge \( x_i x_j \) \((j \geq i+3)\) is called a monophonic-triangular path or mt-path. A non-empty subset \( M \) of \( V(G) \) is a monophonic-triangular set or mt-set of \( G \) if every member in \( V(G) \) exists in a mt-path joining some pair of members in \( M \). The monophonic-triangular number or mt-number is the lowest cardinality of an mt-set of \( G \) and it is symbolized by \( mt(G) \). The general properties satisfied by mt-sets are discussed. Also, we establish \( mt \)-number boundaries and discover similar results for a few common graphs. Graphs \( G \) of order \( p \) with \( mt(G) = p \), \( p – 1 \), or \( p – 2 \) are characterized.
Properties of Cubic Fuzzy Competition Graphs with Applications
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Abbottabad University of Science & Technology, Havelian, Abbottabad, KPK Pakistan, Maryam Afeefa , Rahim M. Tariq ,   Department of Mathematics, Abbottabad University of Science & Technology, Havelian, Abbottabad, KPK Pakistan, Hussain F. ,   Department of Mathematics, Abbottabad University of Science & Technology, Havelian, Abbottabad, KPK Pakistan
Published: October 2024

This study extends the concept of competition graphs to cubic fuzzy competition graphs by introducing additional variations including cubic fuzzy out-neighbourhoods, cubic fuzzy in-neighbourhoods, open neighbourhood cubic fuzzy graphs, closed neighbourhood cubic fuzzy graphs, cubic fuzzy (k) neighbourhood graphs and cubic fuzzy [k]-neighbourhood graphs. These variations provide further insights into the relationships and competition within the graph structure, each with its own defined characteristics and examples. These cubic fuzzy CMGs are further classified as cubic fuzzy k-competition graphs that show competition in the k th order between components, p -competition cubic fuzzy graphs that concentrate on competition in terms of membership degrees, and m -step cubic fuzzy competition graphs that analyze competition in terms of steps. Further, some related results about independent strong vertices and edges have been obtained for these cubic fuzzy competition graph classes. Finally, the proposed concept of cubic fuzzy competition graphs is supported by a numerical example. This example showcases how the framework of cubic fuzzy competition graphs can be practically applied to the predator-prey model to illustrate the representation and analysis of ambiguous information within the graph structures.
On Detour Index of Join of Hamilton-connected Graphs
Authors:   Department of Mathematics Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India, Prabhu S.
Published: October 2024

In this paper we contribute to the literature of computational chemistry by providing exact expressions for the detour index of joins of Hamilton-connected ( H C ) graphs. This improves upon existing results by loosening the requirement of a molecular graph being Hamilton-connected and only requirement certain subgraphs to be Hamilton-connected.
Edge Domination and Secure Edge Domination in Mycielski Graph of Trees
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, India, G Nayana P , R Chithra M ,   Department of Mathematics, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581, Kerala, India
Published: October 2024

The secure edge dominating set of a graph G is an edge dominating set F with the property that for each edge e ∈ E − F , there exists f ∈ F adjacent to e such that ( F − { f } ) ∪ { e } is an edge dominating set. In this paper, we obtained upper bounds for edge domination and secure edge domination number for Mycielski of a tree.
New Ways to Balance Numbers
Authors:   Noah Lebowitz-Lockard and Joseph Vandehey Department of Mathematics University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75799, Lockard Noah Lebowitz- , Vandehey Joseph ,   Noah Lebowitz-Lockard and Joseph Vandehey Department of Mathematics University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75799
Published: October 2024

Behera and Panda defined a balancing number as a number b for which the sum of the numbers from 1 to b – 1 is equal to the sum of the numbers from b + 1 to b + r for some r. They also classified all such numbers. We define two notions of balancing numbers for Farey fractions and enumerate all possible solutions. In the stricter definition, there is exactly one solution, whereas in the weaker one all sufficiently large numbers work. We also define notions of balancing numbers for levers and mobiles, then show that these variants have many acceptable arrangements. For an arbitrary mobile, we prove that we can place disjoint consecutive sequences at each of the leaves and still have the mobile balance. However, if we impose certain additional restrictions, then it is impossible to balance a mobile.
Cyclic Decompositions of λ K n into LWO Graphs
Authors:   Southern Utah University, Department of Mathematics, Cedar City, UT, 84720., Hein Derek W.
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we identify LWO graphs, f\-ind the minimum λ for decomposition of λ K n into these graphs, and show that for all viable values of λ , the necessary conditions are suf\-f\-icient for LWO–decompositions using cyclic decompositions from base graphs.
Optimizing Higher Education for Entrepreneurship Digital economy and Innovation: A Novel Spatial Analysis Approach
Authors:   School of International Economics and Trade, Anhui University of Finance and Economics, Bengbu 233000, China, Chen Deqin
Published: October 2024

The paper extensively examined the intricate components underpinning innovation ability, culminating in the construction of a linear spatial model delineating innovation and entrepreneurship prowess. This paper analyzed the components of the connotation of innovation ability, then constructs a linear spatial model of innovation and entrepreneurship ability, proposes a multi-objective function model of the utilization efficiency and allocation efficiency of education resources, and uses the grey correlation algorithm The experimental simulation and model solution are carried out. The simulation results show that, through the optimization, the utilization efficiency and allocation efficiency of the educational resources for innovation and entrepreneurship for all are increased by 18.72\% and 20.98\% respectively, and tend to be in equilibrium, which can achieve the optimization of educational resources allocation. Among all people, the correlation value with ideal entrepreneurship is 0.3177, achieving the most excellent innovation and entrepreneurship education.
Dynamic Progressive Failure Analysis of 3D Five-directional Braided Composites under Transverse Compression Based on Macro-scale Heterogeneous Model
Authors:   School of Architectural Engineering, Jiangsu College of Engineering and Technology, Nantong 226006, China, Cui Can
Published: October 2024

At present, there are few systematic researches on macro-scale heterogeneous modeling and numerical simulation of dynamic mechanical properties of 3-D braided composites. In this paper, the parametric virtual simulation model of 3D five-directional braided composites is realized in the way of “point-line-solid” based on the integrated design idea of process-structure-performance. And the impact compression numerical simulation of the material is carried out by using multi-scale analysis method. The effects of strain rate and braiding angle on transverse impact compression properties and fracture characteristics of composites is studies and verified by comparing the test results with the numerical simulation results systematically. The dynamic failure mechanism of the matrix and fiber bundles during the impact compression process is revealed. The results show that the macro-scale heterogeneous simulation model of 3D five-directional braided composites established is effective, and the numerical simulation results agree well with the test results. The matrix fracture and shear failure of fiber bundles are presented simultaneously under transverse impact compression. The failure of fiber bundles and matrix mainly concentrates on two main fracture shear planes. And the included angle between the fracture shear planes and the vertical direction is consistent with the corresponding internal braiding angle of specimens.
Selection Process Based on Advancing the Development of a Science and Technology Law System with Chinese Features
Authors:   Henan Institute of Economics and Trade, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China, Gu Xiaogang
Published: October 2024

The significance of advancing socialist S&T legal system building with Chinese features is examined in this paper, along with the extensive effects it has on S&T innovation and economic growth. Against the backdrop of an increasingly competitive global scientific and technology landscape, China’s ability to innovate and achieve sustainable growth hinges on the establishment of an ideal science and technology legislative framework. This essay first examines the primary obstacles to China’s development of a science, technology, and innovation (S&T) legal system, including inadequate protection for intellectual property rights, a flawed process for transforming scientific and technological advancements, and an insufficient system for encouraging enterprise innovation. Then, this research presents a quantitative analysis model to optimize the path of science and technology legal building by applying the improved particle swarm optimization method (PSO). The model takes into account a wide range of variables, including the degree of intellectual property protection, the strength of legal backing, the pace at which scientific and technological advancements are transformed, etc. Through the analysis of simulation data, the model also confirms the promotion effect of the legal system construction on the quantity of patent applications, the success rate of innovation projects, the enterprise R&D expenditure, and the expansion of the local economy. The study’s findings demonstrate that bolstering the science and technology legal system can effectively encourage businesses to boost R&D investment and foster regional economic development in addition to greatly raising the quantity of patent applications and the success rate of innovation projects. The rigorous intellectual property protection laws and ideal legal framework for the conversion of accomplishments greatly boost the regional innovation vitality and economic efficiency, particularly in the case study of Zhongguancun in Beijing and East China. Moreover, adaptive weighting is used to enhance the PSO algorithm and optimize the development of science and technology legal system’s comprehensive performance index, thereby confirming the model’s viability and efficacy. The study’s findings offer theoretical justification and helpful advice for China’s development of a science and technology legal framework, which is crucial for fostering innovation in these fields and boosting the country’s competitiveness.
Neighbor Locating Coloring on Graphs: Three Products
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran, Ghanbari Ali
Published: October 2024

Let G be a simple finite graph. A k -coloring of G is a partition π = { S 1 , ⋯ , S k } of V ( G ) so that each S i is an independent set and any vertex in S i takes color i . A k -coloring π = { S 1 , ⋯ , S k } of V ( G ) is a neighbor locating coloring if for any two vertices u , v ∈ S i , there is a color class S j for which one of them has a neighbor in S j and the other does not. The minimum k with this property is said to be the neighbor locating chromatic number of G , denoted by χ N L ( G ) . We initiate the study of the neighbor locating coloring of graphs resulting from three types of product of two graphs. We investigate the neighbor locating chromatic number of Cartesian, lexicographic, and corona products of two graphs. Finally, we untangle the neighbor locating chromatic number of any of the aforementioned three products of cycles, paths, and complete graphs.
On δ ( k ) -colouring of Some Wheel Related Graphs
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Christ University, Bangalore-560029, India, Ellumkalayil Merlin Thomas
Published: October 2024

The question on how to colour a graph G when the number of available colours to colour G is less than that of the chromatic number χ ( G ) , such that the resulting colouring gives a minimum number of edges whose end vertices have the same colour, has been a study of great interest. Such an edge whose end vertices receive the same colour is called a bad edge. In this paper, we use the concept of δ ( k ) -colouring, where 1 ≤ k ≤ χ ( G ) − 1 , which is a near proper colouring that permits a single colour class to have adjacency between the vertices in it and restricts every other colour class to be an independent set, to find the minimum number of bad edges obtained from the same for some wheel-related graphs. The minimum number of bad edges obtained from δ ( k ) -colouring of any graph G is denoted by b k ( G ) .
Efficient Task Scheduling for Large-scale Graph Data Processing in Cloud Computing: A Particle Swarm Optimization Approach
Authors:   Editorial office, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China, Shang Rui
Published: October 2024

To fulfil the requirements of task scheduling for processing massive amounts of graph data in cloud computing environments, this thesis offers the LGPPSO method, which is based on Particle Swarm Optimisation. The LGPPSO algorithm considers the task’s overall structure when initialising numerous particles in order to broaden the search range and raise the likelihood of finding an approximation optimal solution. We evaluated it in large-scale simulation trials with 100 performance-heterogeneous virtual machines (VMs) using both randomly generated and real application graphs, and evaluated its effectiveness against the CCSH and HEFT algorithms. The experimental findings demonstrate that, in both randomly generated graphs and real graph structure applications, significantly reducing the scheduling duration of large-scale graph data is the LGPPSO algorithm. For randomly generated 200 and 400 node tasks, respectively, the scheduling length is shortened by approximately 8.3% and 9.7% on average when compared to the HEFT algorithm. The LGPPSO technique minimises the scheduling length for actual graphical structure applications by an average of 14.6% and 16.9% for the Gaussian 100 and 200 node examples, respectively.
On the Various Energy Forms of the Join of Complete Graphs
Authors:   Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan, Ibrahim Arooj , Nazeer Saima ,   Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Published: October 2024

The concept of graph energy, first introduced in 1978, has been a focal point of extensive research within the field of graph theory, leading to the publication of numerous articles. Graph energy, originally associated with the eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix of a graph, has since been extended to various other matrices. These include the maximum degree matrix, Randić matrix, sum-connectivity matrix, and the first and second Zagreb matrices, among others. In this paper, we focus on calculating the energy of several such matrices for the join graph of complete graphs, denoted as J m ( K n ) . Specifically, we compute the energies for the maximum degree matrix, Randić matrix, sum-connectivity matrix, first Zagreb matrix, second Zagreb matrix, reverse first Zagreb matrix, and reverse second Zagreb matrix for J m ( K n ) . Our results provide new insights into the structural properties of the join graph and contribute to the broader understanding of the mathematical characteristics of graph energy for different matrix representations. This work extends the scope of graph energy research by considering these alternative matrix forms, offering a deeper exploration into the algebraic and spectral properties of graph energy in the context of join graphs.
On Binary DCP Labeling
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Palayamkottai-627002, India, Lourdusamy A.
Published: October 2024

A graph labeling is an assignment of integers to the vertices or edges or both, which satisfies certain conditions. The domination cover pebbling number of a graph G is ψ ( G ) , which is the minimum number of pebbles required such that any initial configuration of ψ ( G ) pebbles can be transformed through a number of pebbling moves so that the set of vertices with pebbles after the pebbling operation forms a dominating set of G . In this paper, we explore the relationship between two graph parameters, namely graph labeling and domination cover pebbling.
Analyzing the Interplay Between Competition State Anxiety, Motor Motivation, and Coping Styles Among Adolescent Track and Field Athletes
Authors:   Department of Physical Education, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110158, Liaoning, China, Gai Lijing
Published: October 2024

The relationship between competition state anxiety, motor motivation and coping styles of adolescent track and field athletes in China was investigated using interview and questionnaire research methods. The results showed that the mean scores of cognitive state anxiety and somatic state anxiety were lower in junior track and field athletes who had entered the echelon for a short period of time than in older athletes, and the opposite was true for state self-confidence; there were highly significant differences and significant differences in the identity regulation and introjection regulation dimensions of motor motivation; and there were significant differences in the focused problem-solving coping dimension of coping style. This paper proposes an algorithm for classifying athletic visual mirrors based on sequential model mining. This paper focuses on two issues – feature extraction and definition of semantic rules. In the feature extraction stage, the track and field video footage is automatically segmented into a series of identifiable sequences of athletic events, and then each type of behavioral event is identified using a mechanically learned algorithm. There were no significant differences between the three age groups in terms of race state anxiety, identity regulation and introjection regulation, and no significant differences in coping styles. There were no significant differences in the anxiety of competition status, motivation and coping styles among youth athletes of different sport levels. The results showed the effectiveness of the present algorithm for classifying track and field video cameras.
The Legal System of Natural Ecological Protection and Restoration in Newly Built Areas Based on the Multi-Dimensional Character-Istics of the Ecosystem
Authors:   College of Law, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China, Wu Wenyue
Published: October 2024

Natural environment protection compensation refers to the legal system that protects the natural ecological environment, protects the natural environment and makes the beneficiaries of the natural environment get compensation by some means, so as to adjust the interests of the relevant subjects of natural ecological environment protection. This paper discusses the ecosystem service function and its type division of newly built areas in Ganjiang, and the emergy evaluation of ecosystem service function of newly built areas in Ganjiang, establishes the regular scheduling and joint optimal scheduling models of natural ecosystem service value single reservoir, intro-duces the corresponding model solving methods, and applies the ant colony algorithm to the optimal schedule is a lesson. According to the ant colony algorithm, the best way to study the region is to determine these algorithms. Combined with the kernel density analysis method, the spatial scope, potential corridors and key recovery points of ecological corridors are identified, and the optimization mode of natural ecological security pattern of Shule River is constructed. The experimental results show that the optimized ant colony algorithm proves that joint scheduling plays a more prominent role in ecological environment protection, mainly in ecological support and ecological regulation. At the same time, it verifies the applicability of ant colony algorithm in joint scheduling, and improves the average protection efficiency of natural ecology to 20.9%.
Chromatic Coloring of Distance Graphs V
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126, Tamilnadu, India, Venkataraman Yegnanarayanan , Barnabas George ,   Department of Mathematics, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126, Tamilnadu, India, Freyberg Bryan ,   Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1117 University Drive, Duluth, 55811, MN, USA
Published: October 2024

Let G = ( V , E ) be any graph. If there exists an injection f : V → Z , such that | f ( u ) – f ( v ) | is prime for every u v ∈ E , then we say G is a prime distance graph (PDG). The problem of characterizing the family of all prime distance graphs (PDGs) with chromatic number 3 or 4 is challenging. In the fourth part of this series of articles, we determined which fans are PDGs and which wheels are PDGs. In addition, we showed: (1) a chain of n mutually isomorphic PDGs is a PDG, and (2) the Cartesian product of a PDG and a path is a PDG. In this part of the series, we improve (1) by showing that there exists a chain of n arbitrary PDGs which is a PDG. We also show that the following graphs are PDGs: (a) any graph with at most three cycles, (b) the one-point union of cycles, and (c) a family of graphs consisting of paths with common end vertices.
Multiplicative Distance-Location Number of Graphs
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College, Sivakasi, India, Kathiresan KM. , Jeyagermani S. ,   Department of Mathematics, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College, Sivakasi, India
Published: October 2024

For a set \( S \) of vertices in a connected graph \( G \), the multiplicative distance of a vertex \( v \) with respect to \( S \) is defined by \(d_{S}^{*}(v) = \prod\limits_{x \in S, x \neq v} d(v,x).\) If \( d_{S}^{*}(u) \neq d_{S}^{*}(v) \) for each pair \( u,v \) of distinct vertices of \( G \), then \( S \) is called a multiplicative distance-locating set of \( G \). The minimum cardinality of a multiplicative distance-locating set of \( G \) is called its multiplicative distance-location number \( loc_{d}^{*}(G) \). If \( d_{S}^{*}(u) \neq d_{S}^{*}(v) \) for each pair \( u,v \) of distinct vertices of \( G-S \), then \( S \) is called an external multiplicative distance-locating set of \( G \). The minimum cardinality of an external multiplicative distance-locating set of \( G \) is called its external multiplicative location number \( loc_{e}^{*}(G) \). We prove the existence or non-existence of multiplicative distance-locating sets in some well-known classes of connected graphs. Also, we introduce a family of connected graphs such that \( loc_{d}^{*}(G) \) exists. Moreover, there are infinite classes of connected graphs \( G \) for which \( loc_{d}^{*}(G) \) exists as well as infinite classes of connected graphs \( G \) for which \( loc_{d}^{*}(G) \) does not exist. A lower bound for the multiplicative distance-location number of a connected graph is established in terms of its order and diameter.
Dynamic Analysis of a Fractional-Modified Leslie-Gower Model with Predator Harvesting
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Riphah International University-Lahore Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan, Khan M. Saqib , Haq Absar Ul ,   Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore(NWL Campus), Pakistan, Nazeer Waqas ,   Department of Mathematics, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Published: October 2024

This paper presents an investigation of a modified Leslie-Gower predator-prey model that incorporates fractional discrete-time Michaelis-Menten type prey harvesting. The analysis focuses on the topology of nonnegative interior fixed points, including their existence and stability dynamics. We derive conditions for the occurrence of flip and Neimark-Sacker bifurcations using the center manifold theorem and bifurcation theory. Numerical simulations, conducted with a computer package, are presented to demonstrate the consistency of the theoretical findings. Overall, our study sheds light on the complex dynamics that arise in this model and highlights the importance of considering fractional calculus in predator-prey systems with harvesting.
The Intersection of Gender, Operational Barriers, and Diversification Strategies: Evidence from Chinese Female Business Owners
Authors: Shen Stella , Mullens Drake
Published: October 2024

This study examines the strategic responses of Chinese female business owners to perceived operational barriers, integrating insights from the Resource-Based View, Signaling Theory, Institutional Theory, and Social Role Theory. Data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey (conducted in China in 2012; the sample comprises 2,700 firms from diverse China’s industries) was analyzed with advanced path modeling techniques. All statistical analyses were conducted using R (version 4.0.2) and SPSS 29. The R packages lavaan and semTools were utilized for implementing Structural Equation Model (SEM) techniques. How female ownership influences diversification strategies was investigated with the mediation effect of business environment barriers and the moderation effect of international certifications. It is revealed that female entrepreneurs are more likely to pursue international diversification due to heightened perceptions of business environment barriers. Perceived regulatory barriers are positively related to product
Islamic Movements Face an Emerging Threat and Tunisian Political Environment: Presidential Coup, Democracy, and Aristocracy
Authors: Muhammad Asad Latif
Published: October 2024

In 2011, the popular revolt brought about change in the Tunisian presidential palace as it transitioned from authoritarianism to a condition of liminality. However, following the Tunisian President's proclamation, only the democratic success story of the Arab Spring is under jeopardy after ten years of democratic transition. This article seeks to show how the President has increased his authority by invoking Article 80 of the Constitution. It also explains how this action violates the constitution and has a detrimental effect on the political environment. As a result, Tunisia's Islamic movement has dominated the political landscape of the nation since the 2011 uprising and is seen as the leader of the Islamic identity and democratic movement. Finally, it comes to a conclusion that a coup from the Tunisian president occurred amid Rashid Al-Ghannouchi, the Movement's founder and speaker of the Parliament, showing leniency toward Islamic doctrine. Although it appears that the situation is still precarious, Al-Nahda leadership is once again playing a crucial role in fostering a stable political environment through discussion. The main and secondary data in this article have been evaluated using the Discourse Analysis method and its Critical Discourse Analysis method.
الظلم الاجتماعي وعواقبه من وجهة نظر الإسلام دراسة تحلیلیة
Authors: Abdullah Noor Ebad
Published: October 2024

الظلم ظاهرة قبيحة في الطبيعة البشرية، وكثيراً ما يعاني الإنسان بطبيعته الضعيفة من هذا المرض المهلك. والظلم الاجتماعي أحد أنواع ه‍‍‍ذا الظلم، والذي يتمثل في التعدي على ممتلكات أفراد المجتمع أو حياتهم أو سمعتهم. وقد حرمت الشريعة الإسلامية على المسلمين هذا النوع من الظلم، وحذرت مرتكبيه من الوعيد الشديد في الدنيا والآخرة. إن الظلم الاجتماعي له أسباب كثيرة، منها ضعف الإيمان و التقوى والجهل وانتشار النزعات العرقية والعنصرية واللغوية بين الناس.وكلما انتشر الظلم الاجتماعي في المجتمع، تفككت الأسر، وانكسرت أواصر الأخوة ، واتجهت الأمة نحو الدمار.ولكن على الرغم من ذلك، يمكننا الحد من هذا النوع من الظلم وعلاجه بالتوبة والإنابة إلى الله، ورد مظالم الناس، وتعزيز الإيمان والتقوى، والاهتمام بالآخرة، وإقامة الحدود والقصاص في المجتمع الإسلامي.
The Influence of Sharia Banking Advertising and Promotion on SMKN 8 Garut Teachers' Interest in Choosing Sharia Banks
Authors: Redmon Windu Gumati  , Dadang Saripudin
Published: October 2024

This research aims to find out whether advertising and sales promotion variables influence the interest in saving SMKN 8 Garut teachers at Sharia Banks. This research uses quantitative methods and is associative. Data analysis using multiple linear regression with the SPSS 21 for windows application. Meanwhile, data collection uses questionnaires (questionnaires). The sampling technique in this study used purposive sampling techniques. The population in this study were teachers at SMKN 8 Garut. The results of this research show that the t test of advertising variables has a positive and significant effect on teachers' interest in saving with a t count value of 4.311> 1.97 t table, which means that t count > t table. The t test on the sales promotion variable had a positive and significant effect on the teacher's saving interest with a calculated t score of 9,629 > 1.97 t table, which means that t calculated > t table. And for the f test, f count was obtained at 120,708 and f table 3.04, f count > f table which means that the variables advertising and sales promotion together have a positive and significant effect on teachers' interest in saving at Sharia Banks. Meanwhile, the determination coefficient (R2) is 0.531, which means that the contribution of advertising and sales promotion variables is only able to explain the Teacher savings interest variable of 53.1%. Meanwhile, the remaining 46.9% was explained by other variables.
Implementation of Islamic Inheritance Law: Study of History, Law and Its Principles
Authors: Irfan Abdurahman  , Asep Lukman Daris salam  , Parhan Taqwa Ali Hasan
Published: October 2024

Islamic inheritance plays a pivotal role in Islamic teachings, holding significant importance. Within certain Muslim societies, conflicts often emerge among heirs regarding the distribution of inheritance. Consequently, it becomes imperative for the Muslim community to comprehend the intricacies of inheritance in Islam. This study conducts a literature review to delve into the subject matter. The authors gather data through a comprehensive search of various books, articles, and scholarly works. The findings of the study elucidate the extensive historical practice of Islamic inheritance, dating back to pre-Islamic times and the revelation of the Qur'an. In the practical implementation of Islamic inheritance, it becomes essential to understand the legal framework, principles, and related aspects such as pillars, conditions, causes, and barriers.
Implementation of Islamic Inheritance Law: Study of History, Law and Its Principles
Authors: Agun Pradika
Published: October 2024

The imposition of late payment penalties in Islamic pawnshops at the initial stage of the contract has sparked debate. This study examines the implications of such penalties on the principles of justice, customers, funders, and Islamic financial institutions. Literature study and fatwa review are the basis of the discussion. The results show that fines that are not agreed upon at the beginning of the contract have the potential to cause legal and sharia uncertainty, and open up opportunities for abuse of authority. The negative impact is a decrease in customer trust and tarnishing the reputation of Islamic financial institutions. The proposed solutions are the inclusion of a clear amount of fines in the contract, the involvement of the Sharia Supervisory Board, customer education, and the establishment of industry standards. The application of fair fines can be in the form of tiered fines, adjusted to the customer's ability, and accompanied by alternative fine options. Transparency and accountability of Islamic financial institutions are key to the sustainability of a fair and sharia-compliant Islamic pawnshop system.
Juristic Differences on Salat Within the Maliki School and Its Relevance to Nigerian Muslims
Authors: AbdulWahhab Danladi Shittu  , AbdulWaheed  Olarewaju Yakub
Published: October 2024

Salat, or Islamic prayers, is central to Muslim devotion globally. However, different schools of Islamic jurisprudence interpret and apply Salat uniquely. The Maliki school stands out for its distinct approach, influencing how Salat is performed. In Nigeria, where Maliki jurisprudence predominates among Muslims, these differences are especially relevant. Nigeria's diverse Muslim population offers an ideal setting to explore how Maliki jurisprudence impacts Salat practice and religious identity. This study examines the unique interpretations and rulings of the Maliki school regarding Salat, focusing on prayer methodology such as mode of Iqᾱmah, Adhᾱn, recitations, Al-Qunũt, Qabd and  Sadl, and evaluates their relevance to Nigerian Muslims. The research employs textual analysis and comparative jurisprudence to uncover doctrinal differences and practical implications of Maliki rulings on Salat. Empirical data from Nigerian Muslim communities shed light on how these differences affect contemporary Salat practices and perceptions. Findings revealed that Maliki jurisprudence remains influential among Nigerian Muslims, providing a foundational framework for religious guidance. Despite divergence, the core principles of Shari’ah and its sources remain intact. Conclusively, the paper emphasisesthe importance of fostering dialogue and understanding among scholars, policymakers, and religious leaders to enhance spiritual experiences and communal cohesion in Nigerian Muslim society.