bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Satu Analisis Pemikiran Mantera Pakaian Diri Orang Asli di Kampung Sungai Rual, Jeli, Kelantan
Authors: Jusoh Siti Aishah , Che Yaacob Mohd Firdaus
Published: April 2022

Mantera sinonim kepada sesuatu pemujaan yang berkaitan dengan benda ghaib. Lazimnya, mantera sangat dipercayai oleh masyarakat Melayu dahulu dan juga Orang Asli. Mantera merupakan ungkapan atau kata-kata yang diucapkan oleh pawang atau bomoh bagi tujuan tertentu. Mantera juga turut mempunyai nilai estetikanya yang tersendiri terutamanya dalam kehidupan seharian seperti membuka penempatan baharu, bercucuk tanam, membina rumah dan menjaga kesihatan. Ada juga yang percaya bahawa mantera boleh digunakan untuk menganiayai dan mengkhianati orang lain. Matlamat utama kajian ini ialah untuk mengenal pasti dan menganalisis jenis mantera pakaian diri Orang Asli di Kampung Sungai Rual, Jeli, Kelantan menggunakan Teori Sastera Budaya. 8 buah mantera berkaitan pakaian diri yang diperoleh hasil daripada temubual dengan Tok Batin Orang Asli, Kampung Sungai Rual, Jeli, Kelantan telah dikenal pasti dan dianalisis secara kualitatif yang merangkumi kaedah kepustakaan dan lapangan. Hasil dapatan menunjukkan bahawa masyarakat Orang Asli Sungai Rual khususnya orang-orang tua masih mengamalkan mantera pakaian diri demi keharmonian dan kesejahteraan seharian.
Mantras are synonymous with orations in worshipping supernatural entities. The use of mantras is habitually known and trusted by some traditional Malay and indigenous people (orang asli). It is an expression or spoken words by a magician or shaman for a specific purpose. It also has its own aesthetic value, especially in daily life such as in the opening of new settlements, during cultivation, building houses and maintaining health and well-being. There are those who believe that mantras can be used to deceive and persecute others. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the types of Orang Asli clothing mantras in Kampung Sungai Rual, Jeli, Kelantan deductively, using the cultural studies theory. Eight spells related to personal clothings were obtained as a result of the interviews with two shamans of the indigenous (Tok Batin) in Kampung Sungai Rual, Jeli, Kelantan. The findings were qualitatively analysed which include library search and field works. The results found that the Sungai Rual Orang Asli community, especially the elderly, are still practicing the mantras of personal clothing for their daily comfort and harmony.
Exploring Young ESL Learners’ Narrative Writing Performance: Implications for Teachers and Learners
Authors: Che Awang Marzaizah , Lateh Hazwani Munirah , Mahmud Najihah , Mohd Nasir Nazatul Syima
Published: April 2022

English writing is one of the most essential skills for global communication in the 21st century. It can help students express their personality, develop thinking skills, give and receive feedback, and argue on logical ideas. Taking this into account, the present study investigated the English writing performance of Malaysian ESL young learners. Specifically, the present study focused on the performance of the students in writing narrative essays. A total of sixty upper primary school students aged 11 years old were involved. A narrative writing task was developed for the purpose of the study. Sixty sample essays (4569 words) were collected and analyzed. The analysis conducted on their writings revealed that majority of the students (65%) are at a low level of narrative writing proficiency. Only 28% of them are at satisfactory level. The findings also indicate that the students committed the most errors in sentence structure (37.9%) when writing the essays. Meanwhile, grammatical error was observed to be the second highest to be committed by the students (33.4%), followed by spelling error (13.2%) and punctuation error (15.5%). This study brings an implication especially to the teaching of narrative writing to young ESL learners, in which the five aspects (sentence structure, grammar, spelling and punctuation) should be prioritized for proficient narrative writing skills to be nurtured among the students.
COVID-19 is Still Here: Discussing Home-Based Online Assessments
Authors: Kassim Asiah
Published: April 2022

At present, assessments which are part and parcel of the teaching and learning process, have gone through leaps and bounds transiting from the conventional face-to-face setting to home-based online platforms as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic that is still looming worldwide after more than a year from its first hit. This move is made possible with technology support that has been integrated in all language assessments of different skills. This editorial section previews some issues discussed in literature in relation to the assessments conducted online on four language skills – listening, reading, speaking and writing. The discussion attempts to relate the use of varied digital means and technological aids to the efficacy of the assessments’ constructs in light of their benefits and challenges faced in the transition and administration phases. The section concludes with the call for collaboration between language practitioners and researchers on a platform where ideas and knowledge can be exchanged and eventually implemented in language classes and assessments to facilitate the enhancement of learners learning experience and achievements.
Learning Place Control: Vietnamese EFL Students’ Appreciation and Trust
Authors: Dang Tin , Le Quyen
Published: April 2022

Learners in the contemporary digital world tend to move from space to space during their learning process. However, transforming such spaces to effective learning places is not simple. This study aims to investigate Vietnamese EFL students’ appreciation for various learning spaces and their willingness in turning those spaces into places for learning purposes. The factors associated with this process are also explored. Employing a short questionnaire distributed to 226 undergraduate students and several follow up individual interviews, the study shows that most students travel across some spaces in their daily learning activities, but they do not try to control those spaces. They only appreciate their teacher-created and self-created solo learning spaces and accept these spaces as their learning places. They also agree that these are the spaces where they can best control their learning. These findings present a complex picture of students’ exercise of taking control in their learning. It appears that the initiation of their learning must start with trust and convenience in a learning space. The attempt to control a learning space does not start with careful considerations as often seen in autonomous learners. This emphasises the role of trust in nurturing and shaping learners’ capacity of space control for learning purposes.
Derivation: An Efficient Way of Enhancing English Vocabulary
Authors: Refat Nadia
Published: April 2022

In this paper, the concept of derivation is studied and its relation to English vocabulary learning is discussed. A structured based derivation process, which is an efficient way of enhancing English vocabulary compared to traditional vocabulary learning such as dictionary based and text based approaches, is proposed. This structural process helps to grow learners’ interest to build more words in a faster way. Such a dynamic and emergent approach of enriching English words truly emerges with its important implications for the teaching of English in language learning classes. In order to ensure the efficiency of this process, experimental design was employed to test learners’ ability to enhance their vocabulary knowledge. Thirty students participated in this study, and they were divided into an experimental group and two control groups, with the administration of pre-test and posttest. The treatment is a brief training on vocabulary enhancing methods (i.e., dictionary, text and derivation based learning). The results reveal that students who used the derivation based learning (55%) were able to enhance their vocabulary knowledge better compared to those who were exposed to dictionary based learning (13%) and text based learning (22%). The outcome confirms the effectiveness of derivation.
Teknik Retorik dalam Novel Salina Karya A. Samad Said
Authors: Mat Dehan Asrul Azuan , Yaakob Hajah Nor Azuwan
Published: April 2022

Retorik merupakan satu subbidang linguistik yang digunakan sebagai usaha yang efektif untuk menampilkan penggunaan bahasa yang berseni, indah, berkesan dan menekankan aspek kesantunan, keterampilan dan pengaplikasian bahasa baik dalam berkomunikasi sama ada dalam bentuk lisan atau tulisan. Bidang penulisan kreatif dipilih sebagai skop kajian untuk membuktikan keberkesanan penggunaan retorik dalam penulisan kreatif yang mempunyai fungsi komunikasi secara langsung atau tidak langsung antara pengarang dengan pembaca. Kajian yang berbentuk deskriptif ini dijalankan berpandukan Teori Retorik Moden yang diasaskan oleh Enos dan Brown (1993). Kaedah analisis kandungan digunakan untuk memerikan teks secara tekstual dan kontekstual. Objektif utama kajian adalah untuk menghuraikan teknik retorik dan menganalisis kekerapan teknik retorik yang digunakan dalam novel Salina (1961) karya A. Samad Said. Elemen yang ditekankan dalam kajian ini ialah lima teknik retorik yang digunakan oleh A. Samad Said, iaitu teknik penceritaan, pendedahan, pemujukan, pemerian dan penerangan. Berdasarkan penganalisisan kekerapan penggunaan teknik retorik, dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa retorik penceritaan paling banyak digunakan, iaitu sebanyak 33 kali. Retorik penerangan dan pemerian masing-masing sebanyak 30 kali dan 15 kali. Manakala retorik pendedahan digunakan sebanyak 14 kali. Retorik pemujukan paling sedikit digunakan, iaitu sebanyak lapan kali. Jelasnya, retorik merupakan elemen penting yang membantu pengarang menggunakan bahasa secara berkesan untuk mempengaruhi fikiran, sikap dan pendirian pembaca terhadap karya yang dihasilkan.
Effects of Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) on Motivation of Saudi EFL Adult Learners
Authors: Ishtiaq Muhammad , Ali Zuraina , Salem Muhammad
Published: April 2022

Students Teams Achievement Division (STAD) is a cooperative learning strategy in which learners work in heterogeneous groups to achieve a common goal. It has been widely used in teaching different subject areas under different settings. This study aimed at investigating the effects of STAD on motivation of Saudi EFL learners. Two intact groups of 1st semester students were selected. One group worked as the experimental group and the other one as the control group. A questionnaire was administered to both groups at the beginning of the semester. The experimental group was taught with STAD whereas the control group was taught with the traditional whole class teacher-fronted method. The treatment was administered for two weeks. The same questionnaire was re-administered after the treatment. The data was analyzed using independent samples t-test. Findings revealed that there was no significant difference (p = 0.36 > 0.05) between the experimental and the control groups in terms of motivation.
Analisis Keperluan Bahasa Arab untuk Tugasan Rasmi Anggota Tentera Malaysia di Negara Arab
Authors: Abd Razak Najjah Salwa , Ismail Ahmad Munawar , Abu Bakar Kaseh
Published: April 2022

Bahasa sasaran berperanan penting untuk membantu pelaksanaan tugas anggota tentera di luar negara termasuk negara Arab. Angkatan Tentera Malaysia (ATM) khususnya Kor Agama Angkatan Tentera (KAGAT) antara kumpulan yang dilibatkan dalam tugasan rasmi seperti operasi haji di Arab Saudi di bawah kelolaan Tabung Haji (TH) yang melibatkan penggunaan bahasa Arab. Sekalipun begitu, sukatan pelajaran bahasa Arab khusus untuk tujuan tugas rasmi seperti ini masih belum diwujudkan dalam sistem pendidikan bahasa ATM. Oleh itu keperluan mewujudkan kursus bahasa Arab yang bersesuaian untuk tujuan tersebut adalah penting. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk meneroka perspektif anggota KAGAT berkenaan penggunaan Bahasa Arab dalam operasi haji, dan menganalisis keperluan bahasa sebagai langkah pertama untuk mewujudkan sukatan pelajaran Bahasa Arab yang bersesuaian. Kajian ini ialah kajian pelbagai kes yang menggunakan temu bual serta triangulasi untuk kesahan data. Data diproses dengan menggunakan perisian NVivo9 dan dianalisis mengikut tema. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa anggota KAGAT mengakui kepentingan Bahasa Arab untuk tujuan operasi haji. Kajian ini turut menyenaraikan keperluan bahasa dari perspektif anggota KAGAT bagi tujuan operasi haji yang dapat menjadi panduan awal untuk membina sukatan pelajaran yang bersesuaian. Garis panduan tersebut perlu diambil kira oleh pihak perancang dan tenaga pengajar khususnya untuk membentuk kursus bahasa untuk tujuan khusus.
Cerita Rakyat Melayu: Suatu Analisis Pancaran Jati Diri Masyarakat Melayu sebagai Cerminan Kebudayaan Melayu
Authors: Ismail Mohd Fahmi , Noor Muhammad Salmah Jan , Yusop Mohd Sharifudin
Published: April 2022

Sejak zaman dahulu kala lagi, cerita rakyat Melayu merupakan salah satu genre sastera yang popular dan diminati oleh segenap lapisan masyarakat. Kini, cerita rakyat Melayu kian luntur dalam kalangan masyarakat Melayu kerana adanya pengaruh teknologi moden. Namun begitu, menyedari akan betapa pentingnya cerita rakyat Melayu ini kepada masyarakat Melayu, maka kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengembalikan semula nilai jati diri yang selama ini menjadi tunjang kepada ketamadunan unggul dalam kalangan masyarakat Melayu. Lantaran itu, dapat dilihat bahawa setiap cerita rakyat Melayu yang disampaikan itu banyak memberi pedoman yang berguna kepada masyarakat Melayu. Sehubungan dengan itu, kajian ini akan mengenal pasti dan membincangkan nilai jati diri yang terkandung di dalam cerita rakyat Melayu. Seterusnya, kajian ini juga akan menggunakan landasan teori ekologi budaya atau adaptasi alam untuk memantapkan lagi analisis perbincangan. Dalam konteks ini, maka jelaslah membuktikan bahawa terdapat cerita rakyat dapat membina semangat jati diri yang unggul dan mantap dalam kalangan masyarakat Melayu hingga ke hari ini.
Types of English Literature Teaching Approaches Preferred by Teachers in Secondary Schools in Miri, Sarawak
Authors: Mee Ling Sii Ling @ , Siew Eng Chen
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to investigate the types of literature teaching approaches preferably employed by Form 4 and Form 5 teachers who taught literature in English literature lessons in selected secondary schools in Miri, Sarawak. A mixed-method study was applied with the use of a questionnaire and interview questions. Three hypothesized relationships were tested with a sample of 43 trained teachers serving in seven urban secondary schools in Miri, Sarawak. Findings showed information-based approach was most preferred by teachers, followed by moral-philosophical approach and paraphrastic approach. The results of interview also showed most teachers employed information-based approach. The results from descriptive and inferential statistics of independent t-Test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient (Pearson r) indicated that employing literature teaching approaches was not influenced by gender, years of teaching experiences, and students’ reactions towards the employed approaches. The main reason for employing certain literature teaching approaches was to develop students’ understanding towards literary texts and prepare them for Malaysian Certificate of Education (SPM) examination. The results shows that incorporating literature teaching to assist students to acquire and internalize the use of language proficiency for creative writing may not be fully achieved under the national curriculum development. It also necessitates for the revision of curriculum development.
Learning Technical Vocabulary through a Mobile App: English Language Teachers’ Perspectives
Authors: Ali Zuraina , Mohamad Ghazali Mohd Amir Izuddin
Published: April 2022

Mobile learning or m-learning is essential for a wide range of learning opportunities. Using mobile app such as in the use of VocBlast, which contains ten (10) interesting games enables students at tertiary level to enhance and enrich their technical vocabulary. The specific objective of this study was to examine English language teachers’ views concerning the use of VocBlast in assisting students in Universiti Malaysia Pahang to learn technical vocabulary. This study employed a qualitative approach involving four language teachers as its samples. They were interviewed via e-mails, where the questions were uploaded in Google Docs. The interview data were analyzed thematically, and generated four (4) themes; hints given are useful for students, VocBlast enlivens students’ learning, VocBlast can serve as a supplementary learning material and VocBlast can act as indirect vocabulary learning tool. An implication of this is the possibility of integrating m-learning into teaching-learning pedagogy especially at tertiary level.
Penguasaan Bahasa Melayu Kanak-kanak Prasekolah Berdasarkan Inventori Penilaian Kemahiran Terancang
Authors: Sarudin Anida , Janan Dahlia , Osman Zulkifli , Mohd Noor Ahmad Khair
Published: April 2022

Penggunaan bahan rangsangan yang bersesuaian adalah penting untuk mewujudkan proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran bahasa untuk kanak-kanak yang berkesan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti penguasaan bahasa kanak-kanak prasekolah berdasarkan bahan rangsangan berbentuk gambar dan soalan-soalan yang terbahagi kepada lima bahagian linguistiks iaitu fonologi, morfologi, sintaksis, semantik dan pragmatik mengikut aras taksonomi Bloom (1956). 75 orang kanak-kanak dalam lingkungan tiga hingga lima tahun telah dipilih secara rawak dan ditemu bual menggunakan instrumen soal selidik bergambar yang dinamakan sebagai Inventori Penilaian Kemahiran Terancang. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan penguasaan bahasa kanak-kanak lima tahun lebih tinggi daripada kanak-kanak berumur empat dan tiga tahun. Menariknya, terdapat juga dapatan songsang terhadap tahap penguasaan bahasa kanak-kanak tersebut berdasarkan bahagian-bahagian linguistik yang diuji. Dapatan tersebut menunjukkan penguasaan bahasa kanak-kanak yang terlibat berkemungkinan dipengaruhi oleh ketidakseimbangan penyusunan bahagian-bahagian linguistik dalam proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran bahasa mereka.
An Investigation on the Effects of Writing Anxiety on Readiness of Writing among Low Proficiency Undergraduates
Authors: Abd Rahim Sabariah , Jaganathan Paramaswari , Tengku Mahadi Tengku Sepora
Published: April 2022

Writing anxiety is a common problem affecting ESL learners’ proficiency. As writing skill is the most difficult skill that needs to be acquired by ESL learners, it is pertinent to manage the anxiety level to encourage learners to write. The facilitative effect of anxiety is important in enhancing writing skills, particularly among low proficiency students. This study investigates the effects of writing anxiety on the readiness towards writing tasks in English among low proficiency undergraduates in Universiti Malaysia Sabah. A total of thirty undergraduates with MUET band 1 or 2 participated in the study. The anxiety level was measured using Second Language Writing Anxiety Inventory (SLWAI). The data showed that students with high cognitive, somatic and avoidance anxiety have a greater apprehension towards writing tasks compared to those with low level of cognitive, somatic and avoidance anxiety. This affects their readiness to do writing tasks in English. This study has implication on the facilitating of classroom practices to enable students to involve and participate more effectively in their writing tasks.
Kebolehan Menguasai Kosa Kata Bahasa Arab dalam Buku Teks di Kalangan Pelajar Sijil Tinggi Agama Malaysia (STAM)
Authors: Abdul Razak Zainur Rijal , Samah Rosni , Jumingan Mohammad Fauzi , Abu Bakar Mohd Shahriman
Published: April 2022

Memiliki perbendaharaan kata yang luas merupakan faktor penting dalam mempelajari bahasa Arab sebagai bahasa kedua dan ilmu-ilmu di dalam bahasa tersebut. Di peringkat Sijil Tinggi Agama Malaysia (STAM), bahasa Arab digunakan sepenuhnya sebagai bahasa perantaraan dalam proses PdP dan buku teks. Justeru, penguasaan para pelajar STAM terhadap kosa kata-kosa kata penting yang digunakan dalam buku-buku teks STAM wajar diberi perhatian. Namun, sejauh manakah tahap penguasaan pelajar-pelajar STAM terhadap kosa kata-kosa kata yang terdapat dalam buku-buku ini? Oleh itu, kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti tahap pencapaian para pelajar STAM dalam memahami kosa kata-kosa kata yang penting dan kerap digunakan dalam buku-buku teks mereka. Data korpus yang mengandungi teks dari sepuluh buah buku teks STAM telah dibina dan dianalisa untuk mendapatkan senarai kosa kata terbahagi kepada dua kategori iaitu mengikut 1) kekerapan penggunaan dan 2) kata kunci. Senarai kosa kata dan kata kunci tersebut kemudiannya diuji ke atas 115 calon STAM daripada tiga buah sekolah menengah yang dipilih. Dapatan menunjukkan para pelajar dapat menjawab ujian dengan baik bagi kategori kekerapan perkataan, tetapi agak sederhana di kategori kata kunci.
Belief about and Strategy Use of Translation among Foreign Language Students: Does It Have a Correlation with Motivation?
Authors: Syed Ahmad Sh. Muzdalifah
Published: April 2022

Though the use of translation in classroom language learning is widespread, language teachers nevertheless continuously debate the use of translation in classroom teachinglearning. At times, instructors and students differ in their opinion in using translation in the learning process. This paper reports findings from a study of beliefs and strategy in the use of translation and also their relation to motivation among students who studied French as their foreign language in the state of Terengganu in Malaysia. The data are analyzed quantitatively from 123 student-respondents who completed the inventory of beliefs about translation and strategy used in translation. They also completed the motivation scale questionnaires from the MSLQ inventory (Motivated Strategies for Learning Motivation). The results indicate respondents strongly believed in the use of translation as a strategy and they heavily utilized translation strategies in their learning process. They are also highly motivated in their learning. Further, the result from correlations analyses showed a significant correlation between all variables. It also revealed that participants place more emphasis on the task and the anxiety in their learning. Discussion of the results relates to the use of translation strategy in enhancing foreign language classroom learning.
Jenis Bahasa Sindiran dalam Ujaran Vlog
Authors: Mohd A Rashid Siti Norsyahida , Yaakob Nor Azuwan
Published: April 2022

Kajian ini dijalankan untuk menganalisis bahasa sindiran yang terdapat dalam ujaran vlog Mat Luthfi. Bahasa sindiran merupakan satu bentuk kata yang mempunyai makna yang tersirat. Makna yang tersirat ini menyukarkan penginterpretasian makna sesuatu ujaran. Kajian ini merupakan kajian deskriptif dan berbentuk kualitatif bagi mengenal pasti kekerapan dan jenis penggunaan bahasa sindiran dalam vlog Mat Luthfi. Kerangka teori dalam penyelidikan ini adalah berdasarkan Kerangka keraf. Teori ini memberi penekanan kepada bahan kajian yang dikaji, iaitu video yang dihasilkan oleh vlogger Mat Luthfi yang diperolehi daripada laman sesawang Youtube, dari tahun 2011 hingga tahun 2014. Ujaran yang dikaji telah ditranskripsikan daripada bentuk lisan kepada bentuk penulisan. Pemilihan data dibuat berdasarkan kepada ketiga-tiga jenis bahasa sindiran, iaitu ironi, sarkastik dan sinisme. Dapatan kajian mendapati sebanyak 84% kekerapan penggunaan bahasa sindiran jenis sinisme, 10% bahasa sindiran jenis ironi dan 6% bahasa sindiran jenis sarkastik. Berdasarkan hasil kajian, ujaran vlog menepati kerangka yang digunakan. Ujaran yang dituturkan oleh Mat Luthfi mempunyai makna yang tersirat dan mengandungi unsur sindiran.
Jati Diri Melayu dalam Kumpulan Puisi Terpilih A. Aziz Deraman: Analisis Teori Pengkaedahan Melayu
Authors: Kamarudin Syaidul Azam , Sujud Arbai’e
Published: April 2022

Kajian ini menganalisis jati diri Melayu dalam kumpulan puisi A. Aziz Deraman iaitu Suara Gunung Kehidupan dan Gelora Nurani. Jati diri Melayu merupakan elemen yang terpenting kerana di dalamnya terkandung khazanah bangsa yang harus dipertahankan dalam kehidupan masyarakat Melayu. Dalam konteks pembangunan dan pemantapan jati diri Melayu, kajian ini adalah penting kerana melalui pemahaman jati diri yang mantap akan terpancar ketatasusilaan, kebijaksanaan dan pekerti bangsa Melayu yang telah diwarisi sejak zaman berzaman. Hal ini wajar diberi perhatian terutama dalam menghadapi polemik semasa serta cabaran globalisasi yang dikatakan mampu mengubah jati diri sesuatu bangsa. Kajian ini dijalankan secara analisis kandungan dan analisis kajian mengunakan prinsip yang dikemukakan oleh Hashim Awang dalam Teori Pengkaedahan Melayu. Manakala, aspek jati diri Melayu dalam puisi tersebut akan dianalisis melalui tiga aspek utama iaitu jati diri dalam aspek bahasa Melayu, jati diri dalam aspek agama dan jati diri dalam aspek budaya. Kajian mendapati bahawa ketulenan jati diri kemelayuan yang ditunjukkan oleh A. Aziz Deraman melalui puisinya berperanan sebagai iktibar, peringatan, dan nasihat yang dapat membawa manfaat dan menemukan kemuafakatan kepada masyarakat. Ini kerana ianya berlandaskan kepada ajaran dan etika Islam yang menjadi jalinan prinsip penting dalam Teori Pengkaedahan Melayu. Perkara ini sekaligus mencirikan kepenyairannya yang mempunyai jati diri kemelayuan yang mantap.
Investigating the Preferred Learning Styles in English Language Courses among Undergraduates in Universiti Malaysia Kelantan
Authors: Ismail Nooraini , Omar Suhaida
Published: April 2022

Generally, individuals have different ways and particular preferences when processing new information in learning. It is also believed that their language learning styles are one of the main indicators that contribute to their academic performance. This study aims to identify Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK) learner’s learning styles in English language courses. The selected respondents for this study were three hundred and twenty-nine (329) undergraduates at UMK who were taking the English language courses I, II and III. A ninety (90) items of self-administered questionnaire was adapted from established questionnaire on Multiple Intelligences Theory (MIT) whilst, another fifty-five (55) items were on undergraduates’ learning styles. The total items in this study were one hundred and forty-five (145). The findings showed that the majority of the respondents prefer Musical Intelligence the most and the Naturalist Intelligence the least. The implication of this study is on the challenges faced by the lecturers in identifying the possible language teaching methods that could accommodate and work for all the learners since there are learners with different MI within one classroom.
Saiz Kosa Kata Bahasa Arab dalam kalangan Pelajar di Peringkat Pengajian Tinggi: Permasalahan dan Strategi Pengajaran
Authors: Abdul Razak Zainur Rijal , Samah Rosni
Published: April 2022

Memiliki dan menguasai kuantiti kosa kata yang mencukupi merupakan aspek penting dalam pembelajaran apa jua bahasa di semua peringkat pengajian. Namun bagi pembelajaran di peringkat universiti, kuantiti kosa kata yang mencukupi sahaja tidak memadai, sebaliknya aspek kualiti juga perlu diberi perhatian. Hal yang demikian kerana sekiranya kosa kata yang dikuasai tersebut tidak relevan dengan bidang pengajian pelajar, situasi ini tidak membantu mereka mengikuti pengajian dengan lancar. Realiti masalah yang dihadapi oleh pelajar dalam bahasa Arab di peringkat universiti pada masa kini, bukan sahaja dari aspek kualiti, bahkan dari aspek kuantitinya juga. Halangan ini telah menjadi antara faktor yang melambatkan proses pembelajaran di universiti dan akhirnya membantutkan usaha kerajaan melahirkan para pelajar yang berilmu dan berkemahiran dalam bidang yang diceburi. Justeru, kertas ini bertujuan membincangkan saiz kosa kata ideal dalam bahasa Arab yang mesti dikuasai pelajar di peringkat universiti, permasalahan utama yang dihadapi dalam menguasainya serta pendekatan pengajaran yang sesuai. Metodologi analisis teks menjadi kaedah utama pengumpulan data dan maklumat berkaitan tajuk. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa pelajar di peringkat universiti menghadapi masalah yang serius dalam menguasai kosa kata penting dalam pembelajaran. Tinjauan literatur juga membuktikan bahawa pelajar perlu menguasai minimum saiz kosa kata antara 3000-5000 perkataan bagi memudahkan mereka mengikuti pengajian dalam bidang masing-masing dengan lancar. Kajian ini mencadangkan supaya aspek pengajaran kosa kata perlu diberi perhatian yang sewajarnya dalam aktiviti PdP di universiti samada di dalam atau luar dewan kuliah dan tutorial.
The Use of Web 2.0 as Supplementary Tools to Assist Students’ Writing Activity
Authors: Ali Zuraina , Abdul Malek Nabila , Zainal Abidin Noor Azlinda , Mohd Razali Noraisah Nurul Fatwa
Published: April 2022

The study investigates the use of Web 2.0 in assisting tertiary students in their writing. Four (4) types of Web 2.0 tools namely Edmodo, YouTube, Prezi and Padlet were employed to assist students in writing essays. The objectives of this research are to identify the significant difference in students’ scores between pre-test and post-test in essay writing using Edmodo as well as to explore students’ opinions on the use of YouTube, Prezi and Padlet in assisting them to prepare their writing task. The study uses mixed-method research design where quantitative data were gathered through student performance in a pretest and posttest of a writing test. For qualitative data, students’ responses pertaining to their perceptions of using YouTube, Prezi and Padlet were collected from their remarks made in ‘Type a reply’ in Edmodo. The results showed that there was a significant increase in students’ pre and post writing tests while students demonstrated positive perceptions in the use YouTube, Prezi and Padlet. The students also demonstrated positive remarks in the use YouTube, Prezi and Padlet.The study implies that the Web 2.0 tools namely Edmodo, YouTube, Padlet and Prezi employed in the study can be sources or tools for teaching and learning writing via online.
Kata Kerja, Hubungan Leksikal Dan Komponen Makna Dalam Bahasa Iklan Kecantikan
Authors: Zahid Indirawati , Abdul Jalil Jasminerah
Published: April 2022

Dalam konteks iklan produk kecantikan wanita terdapat sejumlah kata kerja yang digunakan untuk mempengaruhi penggunanya. Bagi memperlihatkan fungsi ini, analisis frekuensi, hubungan leksikal dan komponen makna kata kerja dilakukan pada slogan dan keterangan produk kecantikan dua syarikat ternama di Malaysia. Produk kecantikan tubuh, iaitu kecantikan dalaman dan luaran dikumpulkan mulai bulan Julai sehingga September 2018. Jumlah keseluruhan kata kerja ialah 233 kata. Antara metod yang diaplikasi, ialah syot layar, analisis frekuensi dan analisis teks. Analisis ini mempunyai dua objektif, iaitu 1) mengenal pasti kata kerja yang lazim digunakan; dan 2) menganalisis hubungan leksikal dan komponen makna kata kerjanya. Pengenalpastian kata kerja yang lazim dalam iklan bertitik tolak daripada perbincangan Leech (1966) manakala komponen makna berasaskan Nida (1979). Dapatan analisis memperlihatkan penggunaan kata kerja yang lazim disebabkan oleh faktor ketepatan makna dan kolokasi. Terdapat 18 kata kerja yang lazim dan membentuk lima kelompok hubungan leksikal, sinonimi. Kelima-lima kelompok kata sinonim ini akhirnya membentuk tiga komponen makna bersama, iaitu [-mencukupi], [+ada] dan [-ada]. Kesimpulannya, komponen makna bersama ini telah menjadi asas pemilihan kata kerja dalam bahasa iklan.

In the context of female beauty product advertisement, there are a number of verbs used to influence customers. To demonstrate this function, frequency analysis, lexical relation and semantic components were carried out on the slogan and description of beauty products of two well-known companies in Malaysia. Body beauty products, which focus both on internal and external beauty, were collected from July to September 2018 with a total number of 233 verbs. The methods applied to identify these verbs were screen shot, frequency analysis and text analysis. The analysis has two objectives, 1) to identify the most common verbs used; and 2) to analyze its lexical relation and semantic components. The identification of the common verbs was done based on Leech (1966) while the analysis of the semantic component was based on Nida (1979). Analysis shows the most common verbs used is due to the precise meaning and collocation factors. There are 18 common verbs which formed five groups of lexical relation. The total numbers of these words are 115. These five groups of synonymous words would form three common semantic components [- mencukupi], [+ ada] and [-ada]. In conclusion, these semantic component can be used as the basis to identify verbs in advertising language.
Readiness of Agriculture Undergraduates Towards English Workplace Communication: An Evaluation
Authors: Osman Wan Hurani , Abd Rahman Shakiratul Hanany
Published: April 2022

According to the CareerEDGE Development Profile, employability skills and graduate readiness refer to the subject knowledge, generic skills, employment experience, and also emotional intelligence. Many higher education institutions are aware of the importance of preparing their students for employment. The employment rate reflects the institutions’ credibility since logically education increases productivity and this relates to job performance. This present research was conducted to evaluate undergraduates’ knowledge and readiness towards workplace communication. It focuses on generic writing skills as well as language skills in general and also workplace documents. A survey using questionnaire was conducted among second year agriculture students taking English for Employment module at a public university in Malaysia. The results indicated that graduates are aware of most of the generic and language skills required but some are not confident of their abilities. The result from this research will benefit academics who are teaching finishing schools or courses related to preparing undergraduates for the workplace.
Mobile Instant Messaging as Collaborative Tool for Language Learning
Authors: Sivabalan Kasturi , Ali Zuraina
Published: April 2022

In recent years, collaborative learning is commonly used in higher intuitions. One of the modes of collaborative learning is exploiting mobile phones specifically instant messaging to foster new possibilities for achieving more effective and attractive learning activities. Even though mobile phones have become valuable collaborative learning tools, but their substantial contributions to collaborative learning are still insufficient. The current study collated and correlated 40 journal articles published between 2015 and 2017 on mobile instant messaging as a collaborative tool in language learning at higher intuitions. A systematic review was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of mobile instant messaging as a collaborative tool for language learning. Numerous issues, such as exploration of the application, the research methods, participants, intervention duration, teaching method, collaborative learning strategies, impacts, and challenges were addressed. The outcomes revealed that mobile instant messaging improved student and lecturer collaboration, created effective distant learning opportunities, and increased students’ participation. Further, the results also provided insights on future research and practice such as recommendations on how to appropriately employ mobile phones specifically instant messaging in facilitating language learning. Additionally, some studies suggested the collaborative learning activities administered through mobile instant messaging should be planned carefully to guide students to experience more effective collaborative learning.
‘Hey, Jude! I Wanna Hold Your Hand’: Transitivity Process Analysis on Popular Songs by The Beatles
Authors: Harbi Shamsul , Abdul Jabar Mohd Shafiq , Md Nor Alia Najaa , Muhammad Isa Nursyaheedah
Published: April 2022

Needless to say, The Beatles is the most popular rock band in the world. Their huge popularity has sparked a phenomenon known as ‘Beatlemania’. In 2001, the Guinness World Records acknowledged The Beatles as the best-selling group for their achievement for selling more than 1 billion units worldwide. Thus, this paper attempts to reveal how language is used in widely recognized songs by The Beatles from the transitivity perspective, primarily, the process. Halliday (1994) proposes six different transitivity processes which are material, mental, relational, verbal, behavioral and existential. Ten popular songs by The Beatles are selected in this study. Unlike other prior studies done on transitivity to various types of literature, this study is different due to its unique data set which is The Beatles’ popular songs. By focusing on the process according to the different types of processes in the experiential metafunction, this study reveals how The Beatles employs different processes in their lyrical writing of their popular songs in order to communicate their experiences of the world.
Community Service Engagement in Primary Schools: Pre-TESL Students’ Experiences
Authors: Misman Juritah , Abu Bakar Azrina
Published: April 2022

Participation in community services amongst university students is essential to the students, the society, and to the university itself. Higher education has a role to expose students to experience learning in conducting community service projects that could nurture students' physical, emotional, intellectual, and spiritual developments. Hence, early exposure for Pre-TESL students to be involved in community services in the teaching environment by conducting English language events with primary school students could be beneficial for their future academic and professional endeavours. Fifty Pre-TESL students from Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Melaka campus worked collaboratively with the English Clubs in selected primary schools in Alor Gajah vicinity by conducting a one-day English language programme with primary four to six students. This study examined the positive impacts and challenges of carrying out community service programme. Data was collected through the open-ended question survey to get deeper insights into their learning journey. The pedagogical implications of the findings indicated that by conducting community services in the form of carrying out English language activities in primary schools exposed the tertiary students to learn about teamwork, management, leadership, and other specific skills essential for the development and professionalism of future ESL teachers.
Distribution of Terms Across Genres in the Annotated Lithuanian Cybersecurity Corpus
Authors: Rackevičienė Sigita , Utka Andrius , Bielinskienė Agnė , Rokas Aivaras
Published: April 2022

The paper provides results of the frequential distribution analysis of cybersecurity terms used in the Lithuanian cybersecurity corpus composed of texts of different genres. The research focuses on the following aspects: overall distribution of cybersecurity terms (their density and diversity) across genres, distribution of English and English-Lithuanian terms and their usage patterns in Lithuanian sentences, and, finally, the most frequent cybersecurity terms and their thematic groups in each genre. The research was performed in several stages: compilation of a cybersecurity corpus and its subdivision into genre-specific subcorpora, manual annotation of cybersecurity terms, automatic lemmatisation of annotated terms and, finally, quantitative analysis of the distribution of the terms across the subcorpora. The results reveal the similarities and differences of the use of cybersecurity terminology across genres which are important to consider to get a complete picture of terminology usage trends in this domain.
Compressed Informativeness in Polish Legal Text
Authors: Kowalczyk Joanna
Published: April 2022

The present paper focuses on one of the main features of legal communication, namely informativeness. The article presents the informativeness of Polish legislative documents as an inherent but not always clearly understood socially feature of legal discourse, which has been regarded as a distinctive characteristic of normative acts. The study includes several levels of approximate semiotisation in relation to the cognitive criterion. The corpus comprises the most important Polish normative texts, namely the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, Criminal Code, Civil Code, and the Code of Civil Procedure. The analysis also included rulings of Polish common courts. Pragmatic and semantic criterion has been applied as the methodological basis for the analysis. The factor related to the use of legislative metaphors in executive and judicial practice was applied as an additional criterion. The aim of the paper was to determine the form of informativeness of the Polish legal texts and its extra-textual usefulness. Two levels of informativeness of legal texts, surface level and deep level, were established in the analysis. In legal discourse, informativeness took the form of a specific phenomenon. It referred not only to surface structures, but also to the elements of the content, requiring reconstruction from their meaning.
Modal Verb “Shall” in Contemporary American English: A Corpus-Based Study
Authors: Samodra Maria Caroline , Bram Barli
Published: April 2022

This paper explored the modal verb shall in formal and informal writings in academic and fiction registers. It focused on the frequencies of shall across academic and fiction domains in contemporary American English and the differences in the usage of shall between academic and fiction registers of contemporary American English. The researchers used a corpus linguistic method. Data were collected from the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) and analysed using Hanks’ (2004) Corpus Pattern Analysis technique. All occurrences of shall in academic and fiction writing styles of COCA were retrieved, and 400 concordance lines consisting of 200 texts from each domain were collected. The texts were analysed and described in accordance with their syntactic, stylistic, and semantic characteristics. Results showed that shall was rare in COCA’s academic and fiction registers as the overall frequencies were 59.77 and 68.34 words per million, respectively. From all the 400 tokens being analysed, the researchers found that shall in the observed data could be classified as rules and regulations, direction, prediction, volition, and etc. The uses of shall in both domains in COCA varied syntactically, semantically, and stylistically.
On Common Root Nouns of the Lithuanian Language with the Suffixes -(i)acija and -imas
Authors: Vaskelienė Jolanta
Published: April 2022

The article discusses common root nouns of the Lithuanian language with the ending of foreign origin -(i)acija and the suffix of Lithuanian origin -imas. The study, which was based on the analysis of 406 Lithuanian words, revealed that some of the words with -(i)acija form a derivational opposition with verbs; therefore, they should be considered derivatives and that quite often, the -(i)acija derivatives form pairs of derivative synonyms with the -imas(is) verb abstracts. The meanings of nouns, and especially the examples of usage found in the corpora, have shown that in many cases, common root derivatives with -(i)acija and -imas(is) are partial synonyms: they have semantic and valency differences that are neutralized only in certain word combinations; hence, it is impossible to talk about the possibilities of substitution without restrictions. Sometimes the members of pairs of derivative synonyms differ stylistically (for example, the -(i)acija derivatives are terms); often, the frequency of use of common root derivatives also differs. It is believed that in the sources of the lexicography of the current Lithuanian language, some used derivatives or their new meanings should appear (for example, komunikavimas ‘communication’, mutavimas ‘mutation’, vulgarizavimas ‘vulgarization’ and their base verbs).
A A Narrative of Different Voices: Stylistic Analysis of Multiple Points of View in Zadie Smith’s “NW”
Authors: Krasniqi Lurjana , Tahiri Lindita
Published: April 2022

While the post-colonial approach (Fernández Carbajal, 2016; López-Ropero, 2016) has dominated research on Zadie Smith’s postmodern work, NW (2013), there has been little to no stylistic analysis of the novel. The article aims to fill in this theoretical gap by examining the different modes of point of view, indicating how they are linguistically encoded. Using Leech and Short’s model of narratological aspects of viewpoint (2007), the stylistic features of the third-person narrator and the reflectors are revealed. The analysis seeks to demonstrate that the narrative style varies with each shift of perspective and that the voice of the narrator and the characters’ points of view are linguistically intertwined. The research points out the stylistic metamorphosis of the narrator who moves from mimetic storytelling to metafiction, alternating between the covert narrator who foregrounds the characters’ point of view and the overt one who constantly pinpoints the linguistic identity of the novel. The fusion of form and content becomes the storyline of this novel, where the differences between viewpoints of the narrating voices reflect the differences between their lives.
Dialogue with the Bible in the Poetical Dramas by Lesya Ukrainka: Philosophical Reflections and Dominant Symbols
Authors: Hirnyak Maryana
Published: April 2022

The article posits that the Biblical code is one of the most important pillars in the interpreting the literary works by Lesya Ukrainka, one of Ukraine’s renowned writers. Her verse dramas foreground Biblical intertextuality, which becomes a starting point for intellectual debates in the Ukrainian ‘fin de siècle’ on such essential problems as freedom and love, social and mental slavery, and the mission of art. The problems of (mis)treating the essence of God’s Kingdom and the human relationship with God are also centrepieces of Lesya Ukrainka’s dialogicality with the Bible. In the writer’s verse dramas, the explicit and implicit Biblical intertexts specify the active double-voiced discourse, which exhibits an interaction of the different consciousnesses. Following this, the text of the Scriptures provides the background for the dominant symbols (harp, stone and light) that can be actualized by the informed reader both through the allusions and via the reminiscences in Lesya Ukrainka’s dramatum.
Translating Arabic Poetic Riddles into English: An Approach in Qualitative Studies
Authors: Omar Nida Salim , Kadhim Al Alwan Kais Amir , Abdul Khaliq Al-Baqoa Mahmood
Published: April 2022

A riddle is a question that usually occurs in prose and poetic form. The composition of poetic riddles is complicated since it encompasses trick structure of English utterances that require more efforts and deep thinking on the part of readers to reach the intention of the riddle maker. The present study investigated the interpretation of utterances in poetic riddles when translated into English. The main objective was to extend the tricky utterances in poetic riddles to obtain the intention of the riddle maker through translation. To achieve this target, a Relevance Theory by Sperber and Wilson (1986; 1995) was adopted to cognitively interpret how the poetic riddles worked through translation. Then, Bach’s (1994) Ambiguity was also used to explain the meaning that fell under a word, phrase or even a statement. Finally, Gutt’s (1991; 1998; 2000) notion on the directness and indirectness of the interpretation was employed. Overall, the results showed that Arabic poetic riddles included ambiguous words as well as implicit meanings that require decoding to gain the intent word made by the riddle maker. Furthermore, Arabic poetic riddles are full of attribute words to help getting the intent word.