bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Betulin Phosphonates; Synthesis, Structure, and Cytotoxic Activity
Authors: Chrobak Elwira , Bębenek Ewa , Kadela-Tomanek Monika , Latocha Małgorzata , Jelsch Christian , Wenger Emmanuel , Boryczka Stanisław
Published: August 2016

Betulin derivatives are a widely studied group of compounds of natural origin due to their wide spectrum of biological activities. This paper describes new betulin derivatives, containing a phosphonate group. The allyl-vinyl isomerization and synthesis of acetylenic derivatives have been reported. Structural identification of products as E and Z isomers has been carried out using 1H-, 13C-, 31P-NMR, and crystallographic analysis. The crystal structure in the orthorhombic space group and analysis of crystal packing contacts for 29-diethoxyphosphoryl-28-cyclopropylpropynoyloxy-lup-20E(29)-en-3β-ol 8a are reported. All new compounds were tested in vitro for their antiproliferative activity against human T47D (breast cancer), SNB-19 (glioblastoma), and C32 (melanoma) cell lines.
Cytotoxicity of Triterpenoid Alkaloids from Buxus microphylla against Human Tumor Cell Lines
Authors: Bai Shi-Tou , Zhu Guo-Lei , Peng Xing-Rong , Dong Jin-Run , Yu Mu-Yuan , Chen Jian-Chao , Wan Luo-Sheng , Qiu Ming-Hua
Published: August 2016

Three new triterpenoid alkaloids, namely buxmicrophyllines P–R (1–3), were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Buxus microphylla. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR and MS spectroscopic analyses. Structurally, compounds 1–3 belong to the 9,10-cycloartane type alkaloids. In addition, compound 3 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities in vitro against HL-60, SMMC-7221, A-549, MCF-7, and SW480 cell lines (with IC50 values ranging from 4.51 to 15.58 μM).
Effects of (Oxy-)Fluorination on Various High-Performance Yarns
Authors: Kruppke Iris , Bartusch Matthias , Hickmann Rico , Hund Rolf-Dieter , Cherif Chokri
Published: August 2016

In this work, typical high-performance yarns are oxy-fluorinated, such as carbon fibers, ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene, poly(p-phenylene sulfide) and poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide). The focus is on the property changes of the fiber surface, especially the wetting behavior, structure and chemical composition. Therefore, contact angle, XPS and tensile strength measurements are performed on treated and untreated fibers, while SEM is utilized to evaluate the surface structure. Different results for the fiber materials are observed. While polyethylene exhibits a relevant impact on both surface and bulk properties, polyphenylene terephthalamide and polyphenylene sulfide are only affected slightly by (oxy-)fluorination. The wetting of carbon fiber needs higher treatment intensities, but in contrast to the organic fibers, even its textile-physical properties are enhanced by the treatment. Based on these findings, the capability of (oxy-)fluorination to improve the adhesion of textiles in fiber-reinforced composite materials can be derived.
Anti-Influenza Virus Activity and Constituents Characterization of Paeonia delavayi Extracts
Authors: Li Jinhua , Yang Xianying , Huang Linfang
Published: August 2016

Paeonia delavayi, an endemic species in southwestern China, has been widely used as a traditional remedy for cardiovascular, extravasated blood, stagnated blood and female diseases in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, there are no reports on the anti-influenza virus activity of this species. Here, the anti-influenza virus activity of P. delavayi root extracts was first evaluated by an influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) inhibition assay. Meantime, constituents in the active extracts were identified using ultra-high performance liquid coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and seven major identified constituents were used to further evaluate the NA inhibitory activity. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction (EA) and the ethanol fraction (E) of P. delavayi both presented strong NA inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 75.932 μg/mL and 83.550 μg/mL, respectively. Twenty-seven constituents were characterized in these two active extracts by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis, and seven major identified constituents exhibited high activity against the influenza virus. Among them, Benzoylpaeoniflorin (IC50 = 143.701 µM) and pentagalloylglucose (IC50 = 62.671 µM) exhibited the highest activity against the influenza virus, even far stronger than oseltamivir acid (IC50 = 281.308 µM). This study indicated that P. delavayi was a strong NA inhibitor, but cell-based inhibition, anti-influenza virus activity in vivo and anti-influenza virus mechanism still need to be tested and explored.
Enhanced End-Contacts by Helium Ion Bombardment to Improve Graphene-Metal Contacts
Authors: Jia Kunpeng , Su Yajuan , Zhan Jun , Shahzad Kashif , Zhu Huilong , Zhao Chao , Luo Jun
Published: August 2016

Low contact resistance between graphene and metals is of paramount importance to fabricate high performance graphene-based devices. In this paper, the impact of both defects induced by helium ion (He+) bombardment and annealing on the contact resistance between graphene and various metals (Ag, Pd, and Pt) were systematically explored. It is found that the contact resistances between all metals and graphene are remarkably reduced after annealing, indicating that not only chemically adsorbed metal (Pd) but also physically adsorbed metals (Ag and Pt) readily form end-contacts at intrinsic defect locations in graphene. In order to further improve the contact properties between Ag, Pd, and Pt metals and graphene, a novel method in which self-aligned He+ bombardment to induce exotic defects in graphene and subsequent thermal annealing to form end-contacts was proposed. By using this method, the contact resistance is reduced significantly by 15.1% and 40.1% for Ag/graphene and Pd/graphene contacts with He+ bombardment compared to their counterparts without He+ bombardment. For the Pt/graphene contact, the contact resistance is, however, not reduced as anticipated with He+ bombardment and this might be ascribed to either inappropriate He+ bombardment dose, or inapplicable method of He+ bombardment in reducing contact resistance for Pt/graphene contact. The joint efforts of as-formed end-contacts and excess created defects in graphene are discussed as the cause responsible for the reduction of contact resistance.
Distant Site Effects of Ingested Prebiotics
Authors: Collins Stephanie , Reid Gregor
Published: August 2016

The gut microbiome is being more widely recognized for its association with positive health outcomes, including those distant to the gastrointestinal system. This has given the ability to maintain and restore microbial homeostasis a new significance. Prebiotic compounds are appealing for this purpose as they are generally food-grade substances only degraded by microbes, such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, from which beneficial short-chain fatty acids are produced. Saccharides such as inulin and other fructo-oligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, and polydextrose have been widely used to improve gastrointestinal outcomes, but they appear to also influence distant sites. This review examined the effects of prebiotics on bone strength, neural and cognitive processes, immune functioning, skin, and serum lipid profile. The mode of action is in part affected by intestinal permeability and by fermentation products reaching target cells. As the types of prebiotics available diversify, so too will our understanding of the range of microbes able to degrade them, and the extent to which body sites can be impacted by their consumption.
Influence of the Encapsulation Efficiency and Size of Liposome on the Oral Bioavailability of Griseofulvin-Loaded Liposomes
Authors: Ong Sandy , Ming Long , Lee Kah , Yuen Kah
Published: August 2016

The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of the encapsulation efficiency and size of liposome on the oral bioavailability of griseofulvin-loaded liposomes. Griseofulvin-loaded liposomes with desired characteristics were prepared from pro-liposome using various techniques. To study the effect of encapsulation efficiency, three preparations of griseofulvin, namely, griseofulvin aqueous suspension and two griseofulvin-loaded liposomes with different amounts of griseofulvin encapsulated [i.e., F1 (32%) and F2(98%)], were administered to rats. On the other hand, to study the effect of liposome size, the rats were given three different griseofulvin-loaded liposomes of various sizes, generated via different mechanical dispersion techniques [i.e., FTS (142 nm), MS (357 nm) and NS (813 nm)], but with essentially similar encapsulation efficiencies (about 93%). Results indicated that the extent of bioavailability of griseofulvin was improved 1.7–2.0 times when given in the form of liposomes (F1) compared to griseofulvin suspension. Besides that, there was an approximately two-fold enhancement of the extent of bioavailability following administration of griseofulvin-loaded liposomes with higher encapsulation efficiency (F2), compared to those of F1. Also, the results showed that the extent of bioavailability of liposomal formulations with smaller sizes were higher by approximately three times compared to liposomal formulation of a larger size. Nevertheless, a further size reduction of griseofulvin-loaded liposome (≤400 nm) did not promote the uptake or bioavailability of griseofulvin. In conclusion, high drug encapsulation efficiency and small liposome size could enhance the oral bioavailability of griseofulvin-loaded liposomes and therefore these two parameters deserve careful consideration during formulation.
Tannic Acid as a Bio-Based Modifier of Epoxy/Anhydride Thermosets
Authors: Fei Xiaoma , Zhao Fangqiao , Wei Wei , Luo Jing , Chen Mingqing , Liu Xiaoya
Published: August 2016

Toughening an epoxy resin by bio-based modifiers without trade-offs in its modulus, mechanical strength, and other properties is still a big challenge. This paper presents an approach to modify epoxy resin with tannic acid (TA) as a bio-based feedstock. Carboxylic acid-modified tannic acid (TA–COOH) was first prepared through a simple esterification between TA and methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride, and then used as a modifier for the epoxy/anhydride curing system. Owing to the chemical modification, TA–COOH could easily disperse in epoxy resin and showed adequate interface interaction between TA–COOH and epoxy matrix, in avoid of phase separation. The use of TA–COOH in different proportions as modifier of epoxy/anhydride thermosets was studied. The results showed that TA–COOH could significantly improve the toughness with a great increase in impact strength under a low loading amount. Moreover, the addition of TA–COOH also simultaneously improved the tensile strength, elongation at break and glass transition temperature. The toughening and reinforcing mechanism was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermal mechanical analysis (TMA), which should be owned to the synergistic effect of good interface interaction, aromatic structure, decreasing of cross linking density and increasing of free volume. This approach allows us to utilize the renewable tannic acid as an effective modifier for epoxy resin with good mechanical and thermal properties.
A Cost-Constrained Sampling Strategy in Support of LAI Product Validation in Mountainous Areas
Authors: Yin Gaofei , Li Ainong , Zeng Yelu , Xu Baodong , Zhao Wei , Nan Xi , Jin Huaan , Bian Jinhu
Published: August 2016

Increasing attention is being paid on leaf area index (LAI) retrieval in mountainous areas. Mountainous areas present extreme topographic variability, and are characterized by more spatial heterogeneity and inaccessibility compared with flat terrain. It is difficult to collect representative ground-truth measurements, and the validation of LAI in mountainous areas is still problematic. A cost-constrained sampling strategy (CSS) in support of LAI validation was presented in this study. To account for the influence of rugged terrain on implementation cost, a cost-objective function was incorporated to traditional conditioned Latin hypercube (CLH) sampling strategy. A case study in Hailuogou, Sichuan province, China was used to assess the efficiency of CSS. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), land cover type, and slope were selected as auxiliary variables to present the variability of LAI in the study area. Results show that CSS can satisfactorily capture the variability across the site extent, while minimizing field efforts. One appealing feature of CSS is that the compromise between representativeness and implementation cost can be regulated according to actual surface heterogeneity and budget constraints, and this makes CSS flexible. Although the proposed method was only validated for the auxiliary variables rather than the LAI measurements, it serves as a starting point for establishing the locations of field plots and facilitates the preparation of field campaigns in mountainous areas.
On-Chip Magnetic Bead Manipulation and Detection Using a Magnetoresistive Sensor-Based Micro-Chip: Design Considerations and Experimental Characterization
Authors: Gooneratne Chinthaka , Kodzius Rimantas , Li Fuquan , Foulds Ian , Kosel Jürgen
Published: August 2016

The remarkable advantages micro-chip platforms offer over cumbersome, time-consuming equipment currently in use for bio-analysis are well documented. In this research, a micro-chip that includes a unique magnetic actuator (MA) for the manipulation of superparamagnetic beads (SPBs), and a magnetoresistive sensor for the detection of SPBs is presented. A design methodology, which takes into account the magnetic volume of SPBs, diffusion and heat transfer phenomena, is presented with the aid of numerical analysis to optimize the parameters of the MA. The MA was employed as a magnetic flux generator and experimental analysis with commercially available COMPEL™ and Dynabeads® demonstrated the ability of the MA to precisely transport a small number of SPBs over long distances and concentrate SPBs to a sensing site for detection. Moreover, the velocities of COMPEL™ and Dynabead® SPBs were correlated to their magnetic volumes and were in good agreement with numerical model predictions. We found that 2.8 μm Dynabeads® travel faster, and can be attracted to a magnetic source from a longer distance, than 6.2 μm COMPEL™ beads at magnetic flux magnitudes of less than 10 mT. The micro-chip system could easily be integrated with electronic circuitry and microfluidic functions, paving the way for an on-chip biomolecule quantification device.
Research of Interindividual Differences in Physiological Response under Hot-Dry and Warm-Wet Climates
Authors: Lu Shilei , Sun Linwei , Peng Huaiyu , Ji Liran
Published: August 2016

Somatotype and habitus parameters may affect physiological control system, so the changes of physiological parameters are not the same when various people work in hot-dry and warm-wet climates. In this paper, a chamber built in Tianjin University was used to simulate comfortable, hot-dry and warm-wet climates. Sixty healthy university students were selected as subjects who were divided into four groups based on somatotype and habitus differences. The subjects were asked to exercise on a treadmill at moderate and heavy work intensities. Physiological parameters (rectal temperature and heart rate) were measured after every 10-min work in the climate chamber. For different groups, the change trends of physiological parameters were different. With the enhancement of experimental conditions, the differences among four groups were weakened. Body surface area per unit of body mass (BSA/mass), percentage of body fat (%fat), and maximum oxygen consumption per unit of body mass (VO2max/mass) were adopt to establish a revised body characteristic index (RBCI). RBCI was proved having significant correlation with physiological parameters, which means RBCI as the combined factors of somatotype and habitus parameters can be applied to evaluate the effect of individual characteristics on physiological systems.
A Survey of Public Key Infrastructure-Based Security for Mobile Communication Systems
Authors: Ramadan Mohammed , Du Guohong , Li Fagen , Xu Chunxiang
Published: August 2016

Mobile communication security techniques are employed to guard the communication between the network entities. Mobile communication cellular systems have become one of the most important communication systems in recent times and are used by millions of people around the world. Since the 1990s, considerable efforts have been taken to improve both the communication and security features of the mobile communications systems. However, these improvements divide the mobile communications field into different generations according to the communication and security techniques such as A3, A5 and A8 algorithms for 2G-GSM cellular system, 3G-authentication and key agreement (AKA), evolved packet system-authentication and key agreement (EPS-AKA), and long term evolution-authentication and key agreement (LTE-AKA) algorithms for 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) systems. Furthermore, these generations have many vulnerabilities, and huge security work is involved to solve such problems. Some of them are in the field of the public key cryptography (PKC) which requires a high computational cost and more network flexibility to be achieved. As such, the public key infrastructure (PKI) is more compatible with the modern generations due to the superior communications features. This paper surveys the latest proposed works on the security of GSM, CDMA, and LTE cellular systems using PKI. Firstly, we present the security issues for each generation of mobile communication systems, then we study and analyze the latest proposed schemes and give some comparisons. Finally, we introduce some new directions for the future scope. This paper classifies the mobile communication security schemes according to the techniques used for each cellular system and covers some of the PKI-based security techniques such as authentication, key agreement, and privacy preserving.
Natural Inhibitors of Snake Venom Metalloendopeptidases: History and Current Challenges
Authors: Bastos Viviane , Gomes-Neto Francisco , Perales Jonas , Neves-Ferreira Ana , Valente Richard
Published: August 2016

The research on natural snake venom metalloendopeptidase inhibitors (SVMPIs) began in the 18th century with the pioneering work of Fontana on the resistance that vipers exhibited to their own venom. During the past 40 years, SVMPIs have been isolated mainly from the sera of resistant animals, and characterized to different extents. They are acidic oligomeric glycoproteins that remain biologically active over a wide range of pH and temperature values. Based on primary structure determination, mammalian plasmatic SVMPIs are classified as members of the immunoglobulin (Ig) supergene protein family, while the one isolated from muscle belongs to the ficolin/opsonin P35 family. On the other hand, SVMPIs from snake plasma have been placed in the cystatin superfamily. These natural antitoxins constitute the first line of defense against snake venoms, inhibiting the catalytic activities of snake venom metalloendopeptidases through the establishment of high-affinity, non-covalent interactions. This review presents a historical account of the field of natural resistance, summarizing its main discoveries and current challenges, which are mostly related to the limitations that preclude three-dimensional structural determinations of these inhibitors using “gold-standard” methods; perspectives on how to circumvent such limitations are presented. Potential applications of these SVMPIs in medicine are also highlighted.
Identifying the Correlation between Water Quality Data and LOADEST Model Behavior in Annual Sediment Load Estimations
Authors: Park Youn , Engel Bernie
Published: August 2016

Water quality samples are typically collected less frequently than flow since water quality sampling is costly. Load Estimator (LOADEST), provided by the United States Geological Survey, is used to predict water quality concentration (or load) on days when flow data are measured so that the water quality data are sufficient for annual pollutant load estimation. However, there is a need to identify water quality data requirements for accurate pollutant load estimation. Measured daily sediment data were collected from 211 streams. Estimated annual sediment loads from LOADEST and subsampled data were compared to the measured annual sediment loads (true load). The means of flow for calibration data were correlated to model behavior. A regression equation was developed to compute the required mean of flow in calibration data to best calibrate the LOADEST regression model coefficients. LOADEST runs were performed to investigate the correlation between the mean flow in calibration data and model behaviors as daily water quality data were subsampled. LOADEST calibration data used sediment concentration data for flows suggested by the regression equation. Using the mean flow calibrated by the regression equation reduced errors in annual sediment load estimation from −39.7% to −10.8% compared to using all available data.
Host sanctions in Panamanian Ficus are likely based on selective resource allocation
Authors: Jandér K. Charlotte , Herre Edward Allen
Published: August 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Fig trees and their pollinators, fig wasps, present a powerful model system for studying mutualism stability: both partners depend on each other for reproduction, cooperation levels can be manipulated, and the resulting field‐based fitness quantified. Previous work has shown that fig trees can severely reduce the fitness of wasps that do not pollinate by aborting unpollinated figs or reducing the number and size of wasp offspring. Here we evaluated four hypotheses regarding the mechanism of sanctions in four Panamanian fig species.

METHODS:

We examined wasp and fig samples from field experiments with manipulated levels of pollination.

KEY RESULTS:

In unpollinated figs, the fig wall and the wasp offspring had a lower dry mass. Unpollinated figs had as many initiated wasp galls as pollinated figs but fewer galls that successfully produced live wasp offspring. Across three experimentally increasing levels of pollination, we found nonlinear increases in fig wall mass, the proportion of wasp galls that develop, and wasp mass.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our data did not support the hypotheses that lack of pollination prevents gall formation or that fertilized endosperm is required for wasp development. While our data are potentially consistent with the hypothesis that trees produce a wasp‐specific toxin in response to lack of pollination, we found the hypothesis that sanctions are a consequence of trees allocating more resources to better‐pollinated figs more parsimonious with the aggregate data. Our findings are completely analogous to the selective resource allocation to more beneficial tissues documented in other mutualistic systems.
HIGH-ENERGY NEUTRINOS FROM SOURCES IN CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES
Authors: Fang Ke , Olinto Angela V.
Published: August 2016

High-energy cosmic rays can be accelerated in clusters of galaxies, by mega-parsec scale shocks induced by the accretion of gas during the formation of large-scale structures, or by powerful sources harbored in clusters. Once accelerated, the highest energy particles leave the cluster via almost rectilinear trajectories, while lower energy ones can be confined by the cluster magnetic field up to cosmological time and interact with the intracluster gas. Using a realistic model of the baryon distribution and the turbulent magnetic field in clusters, we studied the propagation and hadronic interaction of high-energy protons in the intracluster medium. We report the cumulative cosmic-ray and neutrino spectra generated by galaxy clusters, including embedded sources, and demonstrate that clusters can contribute a significant fraction of the observed IceCube neutrinos above 30 TeV while remaining undetected in high-energy cosmic rays and γ rays for reasonable choices of parameters and source scenarios.
A MODEL FOR (QUASI-)PERIODIC MULTIWAVELENGTH PHOTOMETRIC VARIABILITY IN YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS
Authors: Kesseli Aurora Y. , Petkova Maya A. , Wood Kenneth , Whitney Barbara A. , Hillenbrand L. A. , Gregory Scott G. , Stauffer J. R. , Morales-Calderon M. , Rebull L. , Alencar S. H. P.
Published: August 2016

We present radiation transfer models of rotating young stellar objects (YSOs) with hot spots in their atmospheres, inner disk warps, and other three-dimensional effects in the nearby circumstellar environment. Our models are based on the geometry expected from magneto-accretion theory, where material moving inward in the disk flows along magnetic field lines to the star and creates stellar hot spots upon impact. Due to rotation of the star and magnetosphere, the disk is variably illuminated. We compare our model light curves to data from the Spitzer YSOVAR project to determine if these processes can explain the variability observed at optical and mid-infrared wavelengths in young stars. We focus on those variables exhibiting “dipper” behavior that may be periodic, quasi-periodic, or aperiodic. We find that the stellar hot-spot size and temperature affects the optical and near-infrared light curves, while the shape and vertical extent of the inner disk warp affects the mid-IR light curve variations. Clumpy disk distributions with non-uniform fractal density structure produce more stochastic light curves. We conclude that magneto-accretion theory is consistent with certain aspects of the multiwavelength photometric variability exhibited by low-mass YSOs. More detailed modeling of individual sources can be used to better determine the stellar hot-spot and inner disk geometries of particular sources.
Benefits of Community Engagement in an Online TESOL Course for Teachers in Globalized Spaces
Authors: Crosby Cathryn Read
Published: August 2016

Increasingly, teachers are being asked to work with growing numbers of multilingual and multicultural students in their classrooms. This condition requires that teachers have the ability to operate in a globalized space where exchanges are plurilingual and pluricultural (Kramsch, 2008). Community engagement provides teachers an opportunity to gain the knowledge and skills they need to operate in a globalize space, and, at the same time, engage, in their local communities, and in the global communities represented in their classrooms. To better help teachers successfully work in globalized spaces, a community engagement project was implemented in an online Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) course for graduate students in the TESOL Program at a large public research university in Ohio. The two-fold purpose of the study was: 1) To prepare teachers to be successful in a global society by gaining experience working with multilingual and multicultural learners; 2) To provide teachers the opportunity to apply TESOL theory and methods when working with these learners.
Building a Foundation for a Philanthropic Future
Authors: Chesnut Mary Todd
Published: August 2016

This chapter will outline an instructor's attempts to incorporate service-learning into an online college course in the fall of 2014, utilizing a well-respected institutional philanthropic program. The chapter will describe the pedagogical challenges faced by the instructor as she attempted to integrate the service-learning components into an already established curriculum and will share the tools and strategies that she employed with her students. The chapter will address the benefits and challenges as identified by the instructor and the students in the class and will also share several unanticipated rewards that occurred as a result of the philanthropic partnership. The chapter will also offer some practical application ideas for others wishing to incorporate service-learning component into their online classes.
Privacy Dangers of Wearables and the Internet of Things
Authors: Amyx Scott
Published: August 2016

This chapter identifies concerns about, and the managerial implications of, data privacy issues related to wearables and the IoT; it also offers some enterprise solutions to the complex concerns arising from the aggregation of the massive amounts of data derived from wearables and IoT devices. Consumer and employee privacy concerns are elucidated, as are the problems facing managers as data management and security become an important part of business operations. The author provides insight into how companies are currently managing data as well as some issues related to data security and privacy. A number of suggestions for improving the approach to data protection and addressing concerns about privacy are included. This chapter also examines trending issues in the areas of data protection and the IoT, and contains thought-provoking discussion questions pertaining to business, wearables/IoT data, and privacy issues.
Wearable Devices
Authors: Resnick Marc L. , Chircu Alina M.
Published: August 2016

Today, innovation in and with Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is accelerating as consumers, companies and governments become users and designers of myriad ICT solutions whose ethical implications are not yet well understood. This chapter contributes to the growing body of research on ethical implications of one popular emerging ICT - wearable devices and associated technologies. Ethical challenges stemming from the extensive prevalence and comprehensiveness of wearable devices are related not only to the device design and use but also to the device-supported data collection and analysis and the creation of derivative products and services. Drawing from theories of ICT ethics, this chapter identifies the major ethical challenges posed by wearable devices and provides several guidelines on how these challenges can be addressed through ethically-informed design interventions.
What Can People Do with Your Spatial Data?
Authors: Abbas Roba , Michael Katina , Michael M. G.
Published: August 2016

Location-Based Services (LBS) provide value-added solutions to users based on location or position information and other contextual data. They enable the collection of GPS data logs or location chronicles, and may be deployed on a range of devices, many of which presently come in the form of commercially available product solutions with corresponding applications. This chapter presents the outcomes of an observational study of LBS users, which was designed to gauge user perspectives in relation to LBS socio-ethical dilemmas. The focus is on the outcomes of a spatial analysis exercise, which resulted in the development of a series of scenarios (in map format) that demonstrate varying LBS usability contexts. The scenarios range across various risk levels, and can be used as further input into consultative practices that are centered on the socio-ethical implications of LBS usage. Additionally, the results of the LBS observational study can be utilized to inform the need for LBS regulation. Future research directions are proposed, allowing for the study to be extended to wider contexts.
Societal Implications of Wearable Technology
Authors: Michael Katina , Gokyer Deniz , Abbas Samer
Published: August 2016

This chapter presents a set of scenarios involving the GoPro wearable Point of View (PoV) camera. The scenarios are meant to stimulate discussion about acceptable usage contexts with a focus on security and privacy. The chapter provides a wide array of examples of how overt wearable technologies are perceived and how they might/might not be welcomed into society. While the scenario is based at the University of Wollongong campus in Australia, the main implications derived from the fictitious events are useful in drawing out the predicted pros and cons of the technology. The scenarios are interpreted and the main thematic issues are drawn out and discussed. An in depth analysis takes place around the social implications, the moral and ethical problems associated with such technology, and possible future developments with respect to wearable devices.
Centro de testagem e aconselhamento: características dos usuários e prevalência de infecção pelo HIV/ Testing and counseling center: characteristics of users and HIV infection prevalence
Authors: Tokano Deise Vieira , Dessunti Elma Mathias
Published: August 2016

A política brasileira de diagnóstico precoce e prevenção da infecção pelo HIV fortaleceu-se a partir dos Centros de Testagem e Aconselhamento (CTA). O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as características de residentes do município de Rolândia que procuraram pelo diagnóstico de HIV no próprio município e no município de referência, assim como a prevalência de soropositividade. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, cujos dados foram levantados do Sistema de Informação (SI) do CTA referentes ao período de 2006 a 2010. Os dados foram tabulados e analisados por meio de frequências simples e relativas. Em Rolândia, foram 5.502 pacientes, sendo 79,5% mulheres, 64,8% apresentavam união estável, e 40,8% procuraram o CTA alegando prevenção. Dos 37 pacientes que estiveram no CTA de Londrina, 62,1% eram solteiros ou separados, 27,0% compareceram devido à exposição a situação de risco, e 19% apresentavam sintomas da aids. Dentre todos os pacientes que realizaram o exame anti-HIV, o índice de positividade foi de 0,60%. Esta pesquisa reiterou a importância de conhecer os usuários que demandam os CTA e a soroprevalência, constituindo informações relevantes para elaboração de políticas públicas, implantação de estratégias de prevenção e ações de assistência e promoção à saúde da população.
Familiar cuidador da pessoa com estoma/ Family caregiver of a person ostomy
Authors: Cerencovich Elisângela , Maruyama Sonia Ayako Tao
Published: August 2016

Este estudo objetiva conhecer a vivência do familiar cuidador da pessoa com estoma. De abordagem qualitativa, teve como contexto um ambulatório de estomias, referência em Cuiabá - MT, cujos participantes foram oito familiares destes pacientes. Utilizou-se como estratégia para coleta de dados a Terapia Comunitária Integrativa (TCI), feita de abril a novembro de 2012, por meio da filmagem. Após a análise temática, os resultados foram estruturados em duas categorias: 1. Cuidado na dimensão domiciliar, que relaciona ao que acontece no âmbito doméstico, suas relações com os familiares, envolvendo os cuidados de manutenção da casa, as demandas financeiras e os cuidados aos demais familiares; 2. Cuidado na dimensão pública, que diz respeito à assistência em saúde, previdência social e à manutenção do cotidiano de cuidado. O desfecho aponta que a vivência do familiar cuidador implica questões sociais e culturais, que devem ser reconhecidas pelos profissionais de saúde, em especial de enfermagem.
Práticas alimentares para crianças expostas ao HIV: revisão integrativa da literatura/Food practice for children exposed to HIV: integrative review of literature
Authors: Dos Santos Juliana Pereira Goularte Gomes , Antunes Bibiana Sales , Rodrigues Andressa Peripolli , Padoin Stela Maris De Mello , De Paula Cristiane Cardoso , Kleinubing Raquel Einloft
Published: August 2016

Objetivou-se analisar as evidências a respeito das práticas alimentares para crianças expostas ao Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV). Trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa desenvolvido nas bases de dados LILACS, PUBMED e SCOPUS. O levantamento dos estudos ocorreu em janeiro de 2014. As produções demonstraram a existência de três tipos de alimentação predominante em crianças expostas ao HIV: aleitamento materno, aleitamento artificial e alimentação básica da família. As práticas alimentares de crianças expostas ao HIV não correspondem às práticas preconizadas nacionalmente.  É necessário instituir um aconselhamento alimentar pela equipe de saúde, como também um planejamento alimentar adequado, inclusão das crianças nas consultas de puericultura e acesso às fórmulas infantis.
Indicadores do uso de medicamentos e de assistência em um município do oeste do Paraná/ Indicators of the use of medication and medical assistance in a town at the west of Paraná
Authors: Dourado Manuela Aparecida Soares , Rizzotto Maria Lucia Frizon
Published: August 2016

A pesquisa objetivou analisar a prática terapêutica de médicos (clínico geral e pediatra) e a qualidade da assistência farmacêutica em uma unidade de saúde de um município do Oeste do Paraná. Os dados foram coletados em prescrições médicas, em observação direta e por meio de entrevistas realizadas com usuários. Quanto aos indicadores de assistência, o tempo médio das consultas foi de 6,13 minutos e o de dispensação 1,66 minutos. No que se refere aos indicadores de prescrição, em 15,50% das receitas havia medicamento injetável prescrito; em 71,50% prescrição de antibióticos; a média de medicamentos por receita foi de 3,01; 92,88% dos medicamentos prescritos pertenciam a Relação Municipal de Medicamentos Essenciais e 90,19% foram dispensados no próprio serviço. Com exceção dos dois últimos dados, os demais são inferiores ao recomendado nacional e internacionalmente. Indicou-se a realização de programa de educação permanente e continuidade da pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa junto aos prescritores.
 A atuação de enfermagem no adolescer saudável sob a ótica da teoria transcultural de Leininger / Nursing practice in healthy youth from the perspective of the transcultural theory of Leininger
Authors: Carvalho Amália De Oliveira , Da Rocha Silvana Santiago , De Souza Rocha Karla Nayalle
Published: August 2016

Estudo Etnográfico, de abordagem qualitativa, que teve como objetivo analisar e discutir como a enfermagem contribui no adolescer saudável de jovens de uma comunidade da periferia de Teresina, Piauí, sob a ótica da Teoria Transcultural de Leininger. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se a técnica de entrevista semiestruturada com 15 adolescentes com idade entre 10 e 19 anos, no período de maio a dezembro de 2012, assistidos pela Unidade Básica de Saúde, cujos resultados foram submetidos à análise conforme o Modelo de Teoria Transcultural de Leininger. Constatou-se que as ações de enfermagem destinadas aos adolescentes, embora apontadas como importantes, resumem-se a orientações através de palestras; campanhas educativas nos centros de saúde, nas comunidades, nas escolas; visitas domiciliares; e os cuidados desenvolvidos na consulta de Enfermagem. Ficou clara a necessidade de maior aproximação dos serviços de saúde com os jovens para que sejam construídas relações terapêuticas e de confiança entre eles. Cabendo ao profissional enfermeiro buscar a inserção nas comunidades objetivando o acolhimento, a escuta qualificada e o cuidado cultural aos adolescentes. O Modelo traçado pela Teoria Transcultural de Leininger não só se mostrou eficaz, como contribuiu para a aplicação e apropriação do conhecimento científico da área.
Caracterização e organização da enfermagem do hospital alemão Oswaldo Cruz no contexto da II guerra/ Characterization and organization of hospital alemão Oswaldo Cruz nursing in II World War context
Authors: Berlofi Luciana Mendes , Sanna Maria Cristina
Published: August 2016

Trata-se de um estudo documental com abordagem histórico-social com objetivo de analisar a composição e a estruturação da Enfermagem do Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz (HAOC) entre 1941 e 1945. Foram utilizadas duas fontes documentais: “Livro de Registro de Empregados” e “Fichas Profissionais de Registro de Empregados”. Antes de serem correlacionados, os dados de cada fonte foram estudados separadamente. Os dados dos livros foram copiados eletrostaticamente, certificados, transcritos, organizados em planilha Excel®, para então serem analisados quantitativamente e qualitativamente sob o contexto histórico, social, econômico e político. A pesquisa revelou que, desde a década de 1940, essa instituição utilizava de ferramentas de gestão de recursos humanos para controlar headcount e folha de pagamento. Existia divisão formal e hierárquica do trabalho.  A força de trabalho de enfermagem era composta por 16 diferentes cargos subdivididos em três segmentos (líderes, graduados, não graduados) atuantes em nível estratégico, tático e operacional. Concluiu-se, que, já da década de 1940, a organização dos profissionais da Enfermagem, sustentada pelo modelo assistencial e de gestão, possibilitou, ao HAOC, ser considerado uma instituição modelo-referência.
 O conhecimento da pessoa idosa sobre seus direitos de acesso ao cuidado em saúde/Elderly knowledge about the access rights to health care
Authors: Vieira Gilson Bitencourt , Alvarez Ângela Maria , Sena Adnairdes Cabral de , Fagundes Maria Aparecida Ferreira
Published: August 2016

acesso aos serviços de saúde. Para tanto, utilizou-se a metodologia de pesquisa convergente assistencial, que visa aproximar o processo de cuidar e a investigação em enfermagem. Participaram da pesquisa 30 pacientes com 60 anos ou mais, hospitalizados em duas unidades de um hospital do Sul do Brasil: uma clínica médica e outra de clínica cirúrgica. Os dados foram coletados através de perguntas semifechadas aplicadas durante a hospitalização dos idosos e organizados em quatro categorias: conhecimento sobre seus direitos; desconhecimento dos seus direitos; acesso aos serviços de saúde; e direito de ser bem tratado(a). A avaliação dos resultados foi feita por meio da modalidade de análise de conteúdo. A pesquisa constatou que o conhecimento dos idosos sobre seus direitos e cuidado com a saúde é superficial e desarticulado. Eles relataram ainda dificuldades de acesso aos serviços de saúde, principalmente para marcar consultas médicas com especialistas, conseguir exames e receber medicamentos. O estudo demonstrou que há a necessidade de gestores e profissionais da área gerarem ações estratégicas para assegurar os direitos dos idosos, bem como para oferecer informações e facilitar o acesso a esses serviços.
Relacionamento interpessoal na prática universitária: desvendando a visão do discente/ Interpersonal relationship in university practice: unraveling the view of students
Authors: Santana Aydwlha Moniq Barbosa de , Ferreira Jocelly De Araújo , Nogueira Matheus Figueiredo , Andrade Luciana Dantas Farias de
Published: August 2016

O estudo visa conhecer a opinião do discente sobre os fatores associados ao relacionamento interpessoal (professor-aluno) em âmbito universitário; e identificar a contribuição do relacionamento interpessoal na formação profissional dos discentes. Estudo exploratório-descritivo de natureza quanti-qualitativa, cujos dados foram coletados na Universidade Federal de Campina Grande – Centro de Educação e Saúde, sendo a amostra composta por 140 discentes, envolvendo ingressantes e concluintes dos cursos de enfermagem, farmácia e nutrição. Os dados objetivos foram analisados descritivamente. Para os dados subjetivos adotou-se a técnica da análise do conteúdo, com identificação de três categorias: “Diálogo e confiança nas relações interpessoais”; “Habilidades nas condutas profissionais” e “Aprimoramento das habilidades cognitivas”. Conclui-se que os acadêmicos percebem a importância do diálogo para o relacionamento interpessoal no ambiente organizacional de ensino- aprendizagem, e que a conquista da confiança repercute em benefícios para ambos. Os resultados do estudo salientam a importância da formação humanística do profissional de saúde permeada pelo relacionamento interpessoal saudável entre educador e educando, possibilitando melhor qualidade da assistência prestada ao usuário do serviço de saúde.
Acolhimento com classificação de risco: avaliação da dimensão resultado na perspectiva de trabalhadores/ User embracement with risk rating: assessment of dimension ‘outcome’in the professionals’ perspective
Authors: Versa Gelena Lucineia Gomes da Silva , Vituri Dagmar Willamowius , Bellucci Júnior José Aparecido , Zampieri Amanda Cristina Pires , Alves Sidnei Roberto , Matsuda Laura Misue
Published: August 2016

Estudo transversal, quantitativo, realizado entre agosto e novembro de 2011, com objetivo de avaliar a dimensão Resultado do Acolhimento com Classificação de Risco (ACCR) em Serviços Hospitalares de Emergência (SHE). Participaram profissionais de enfermagem; médicos; assistentes sociais; agentes operacionais; administrativos e de segurança, de quatro hospitais, que responderam ao questionário Instrumento para Avaliação do Acolhimento com Classificação de Risco. Os dados foram tratados por meio de estatística descritiva. Dentre os 314 sujeitos, a maioria (217 – 69,1%) avaliou a dimensão resultado do ACCR como Precário devido, principalmente, às dificuldades como: humanização no atendimento; encaminhamentos de casos de baixa complexidade à rede básica de saúde e; acolhimento das lideranças perante as inseguranças para executar as diretrizes do ACCR. Concluiu-se que nos locais investigados, além da estruturação da rede de atendimento, há a necessidade de se investir na sensibilização e na qualificação dos profissionais.
Emoções vivenciadas por coordenadores de transplantes nas entrevistas familiares para doação de órgãos/Emotions experienced by transplant coordinators in family interviews for organ donation
Authors: Marujo Nunes da Fonseca Paula Isabella , Tavares Cláudia Mara de Melo
Published: August 2016

O processo de doação de órgãos é composto por diferentes etapas, dentre as quais a entrevista familiar que é realizada por coordenadores avançados de transplantes. Este momento comporta grande complexidade emocional, pois se informa sobre a morte encefálica e a possibilidade da doação. Neste contexto, objetiva-se: conhecer as emoções vivenciadas pelos coordenadores de transplantes na entrevista familiar para doação de órgãos. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, descritivo-interpretativa; aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética UFF/HUAP. Coletaram-se dados por entrevista semiestruturada com 24 coordenadores avançados da Central de Transplantes do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, no período de janeiro a maio de 2012. Resultados: As emoções foram: negativas - raiva, medo e tristeza; positivas - amor; imparciais - surpresa; e, negação - não sentir emoções na entrevista. Conclui-se que diferentes tipos de emoções permeiam a entrevista familiar, havendo uma predominância daquelas negativas. Nem todos os coordenadores conseguiram nomear suas emoções, demonstrando a dificuldade de lidarem com as questões emocionais no ambiente laboral. Observou-se que ao identificarem as emoções sentidas, iniciou-se a tomada de consciência das próprias emoções nos participantes.
Atendimento às gestantes e puérperas pelo serviço de atendimento móvel de urgência/ Care provided to pregnant women and puerperal mothers by the mobile emergency care service
Authors: Gusmão Natasha Valle Souza , Souza Zannety Conceição Silva do Nascimento , Fonseca Maria Cristina De Camargo
Published: August 2016

Este artigo objetivou descrever o perfil do atendimento pré-hospitalar às gestantes e puérperas pelo Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU) em um município baiano em 2010. Trata-se de pesquisa descritiva, documental e de abordagem quantitativa, realizada a partir de dados secundários gerados de 385 fichas de atendimento; a coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de formulário adaptado da ficha de atendimento desse serviço, de dezembro de 2011 a abril de 2012. Os dados foram tabulados por meio da distribuição de frequências e analisados por meio da estatística simples. Do total de fichas analisadas, foram atendidas 360 gestantes (93,5%), sendo 78 multigestas (20,3%); 107 encontravam-se na faixa etária de 20 a 24 anos (27,8%); 95 tinham idade gestacional entre 38 e 42 semanas (24,7%); e 208 estavam em trabalho de parto (54,0%). Entre as gestantes, 337 tiveram parto hospitalar (87,5%) e 152 foram encaminhadas para maternidades públicas (39,5%); 99 atendimentos foram realizados entre 00:00 e 06:00 (25,7%). Quanto ao clampeamento de cordão, 13 procedimentos foram registrados (3,5%), bem como 11 delivramentos (2,9%). Concluiu-se que o perfil do atendimento pré-hospitalar às gestantes e puérperas pelo serviço esteve voltado ao trabalho de parto, parto e puerpério, o que pode estar relacionado à percepção de facilidade, rapidez e segurança.