bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning: The early years
Authors: Prescott Laurie F.
Published: September 2023

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) was marketed in the 1950s as a nonprescription analgesic/antipyretic without any preclinical toxicity studies. It became used increasingly for self‐poisoning, particularly in the UK and was belatedly found to cause acute liver damage, which could be fatal. Management of poisoned patients was difficult as maximum abnormalities of liver function were delayed for 3 days or more after an overdose. There was no treatment and the mechanism of hepatotoxicity was not known. The paracetamol half‐life was prolonged with liver damage occurring when it exceeded 4 h and the Rumack–Matthew nomogram was an important advance that allowed stratification of patients into separate zones of risk. It is used to guide prognosis and treatment and its predictive value could be increased by combining it with the paracetamol half‐life. The problems of a sheep farmer in Australia in the early 1970s led to the discovery of the mechanism of paracetamol hepatotoxicity, and the first effective treatment of overdosage with intravenous (IV) cysteamine. This had unpleasant side effects and administration was difficult. N‐acetylcysteine soon became the treatment of choice for paracetamol overdose and given early it was very effective when administered either IV or orally. N‐acetylcysteine could cause anaphylactoid reactions, particularly early during IV administration when the concentrations were highest. Simpler and shorter regimes with slower initial rates of infusion have now been introduced with a reduced incidence of these adverse effects. In addition, there has been a move to use larger doses of N‐acetylcysteine given over longer periods for patients who are more severely poisoned and those with risk factors. There has been much interest recently in the search for novel biomarkers such as microRNAs, procalcitonin and cyclophilin that promise to have greater specificity and sensitivity than transaminases. Paracetamol–protein adducts predict hepatotoxicity and are specific biomarkers of toxic paracetamol metabolite exposure. Another approach would be measurement of the plasma levels of cysteine and inorganic sulfate. It is 50 years since the first effective treatment for paracetamol poisoning and, apart from liver transplantation, there is still no effective treatment for patients who present late.
Canopy tree mortality depends on the proportion of crown exposed to sunlight, but this effect varies with species' wood density
Authors: Gómez‐Correa Luisa F. , Jaramillo‐Hernández Camila , Duque Alvaro , Araujo Raquel Fernandes , Arellano Gabriel , Davies Stuart J. , Castaño Nicolas , Haarpaintner Jörg , Enßle Fabian , Zuleta Daniel
Published: September 2023

Understanding what drives changes in tree mortality as well as the covariates influencing trees' response is a research priority to predict forest responses to global change. Here, we combined drone photogrammetry and ground‐based data to assess the influence of crown exposure to light (relative to total crown area), growth deviations (relative to conspecifics), tree size, and species' wood density (as a surrogate for light‐demanding and shade‐tolerant life‐history strategies) on the mortality of 984 canopy trees in an Amazon terra firme forest. Trees with lower wood density were less prone to die when their proportion of crown was more exposed to sunlight, but this relationship with relative crown exposure weakened and slightly reversed as wood density increased. Trees growing less than their species average had higher mortality, especially when the species' wood density decreased. The role of wood density in determining the survival of canopy trees under varying light conditions indicates differential responses of light‐demanding versus shade‐tolerant species. Our results highlight the importance of accounting for life‐history strategies, via plant functional types, in vegetation dynamic models aiming to predict forest demography under a rapidly changing climate.

Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Seeking versus receiving help: How children integrate suggestions in memory decisions
Authors: Selmeczy Diana , Kazemi Alireza , Ghetti Simona
Published: September 2023

The current research examined how seeking versus receiving help affected children's memory and confidence decisions. Baseline performance, when no help was available, was compared to performance when help could be sought (Experiment 1: N = 83, 41 females) or was provided (Experiment 2: N = 84, 44 females) in a sample of predominately White 5‐, 7‐, and 9‐year‐olds from Northern California. Data collection occurred from 2018 to 2019. In Experiment 1, 5‐year‐olds agreed most often with sought‐help, whereas 9‐year‐olds were the only age group reporting lower confidence for sought‐help relative to baseline trials. In Experiment 2, agreement and confidence after provided help were similar across age groups. Different developmental patterns when help was sought versus provided underscore the importance of active help‐seeking for memory decision‐making.
Measuring the outcomes of lateral ridge augmentation using cone‐beam computed tomography
Authors: Ford Nancy L. , Mossadegh Amir H. , Vora Siddharth R. , Aleksejuniene Jolanta
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Lateral ridge augmentation (LRA) is a surgical technique to gain bone prior to implant placement. Performing cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) pre‐ and post‐surgery allows for quantitative comparison of the buccal–lingual width and the vertical height of the edentulous ridges. This study used CBCT images to evaluate the bone regeneration following surgery.

Methods

A total of 30 cases from adult patients who underwent LRA and had high‐quality CBCT images taken pre‐ and post‐surgery from the same CBCT scanner were available for the retrospective study. Study data included linear measurements of the bone ridge width and height obtained from the middle of the edentulous ridge and a volumetric measurement of bone growth at the edentulous site observed on the CBCT scan.

Results

The reliability of the measurements was excellent as indicated by Intra‐Class Coefficient values of 0.974 or higher. There was a significant mean bone increase from pre‐surgery compared to post‐surgery for both the linear and volumetric measurements. The linear bone gain ranged from 1.5 to 2.5 mm and volumetric gain from 250 to 750 mm3. However, two patients did not gain any bone. Multivariate regression showed the strongest predictors of bone gain post‐surgery were the pre‐surgery bone volume and a surgical site being in the mandible. For maxillary surgical sites, particularly anterior areas, the LRA surgeries were the least successful.

Conclusions

LRA before implant placement helped to increase bone for the majority of patients, particularly for surgical sites in the mandible. The quantitative analyses in the CBCT images showed excellent intra‐examiner agreement.
Will policy help close the digital gender divide? An intersectional feminist policy analysis of Ethiopia's national digital policy
Authors: Ferritto Robert
Published: September 2023

Motivation

Digital technologies can enable development, but they risk further entrenching inequalities in society, such as through the digital gender divide. The divide can not only slow development, but also slow progress towards gender equality. As digital technologies become increasingly used by governments for economic development, the gendered aspects of digital technologies need to be considered.

Purpose

This study aims to investigate how Ethiopia's current national policies involving digital technologies consider the digital gender divide. It asks the following research questions: (1) how do Ethiopian government policies relating to engagement with digital technologies consider gender and gendered issues? And (2) how do Ethiopian government policies capture the causes of the digital gender divide?

Methods and approach

I critically analyse Ethiopian policies using an intersectional feminist lens, adapted from the work of Kanenberg et al. (2019). I applied this to the Ten Years Development Plan (10YP), Digital Ethiopia 2025, Ethiopian Education Roadmap 2018–2030 (EEDR), and Education Sector Development Programme VI (ESDP VI).

Findings

The four policies show little consideration of gender and gendered dimensions of digital technologies. They rarely address the causes of the digital gender divide. Above all, they do not consider the underlying sociocultural barriers women face if they want to engage with digital technologies. The policies are thus unlikely to help close the digital gender divide. Ethiopia's integrationist approach to gender, as well as the patriarchal structures within which the policies are designed, probably explain these findings.

Policy implications

A transformational gender policy paradigm, one designed to position women and men to challenge the patriarchal structures they live within, is suggested as a means of capturing and confronting the barriers women face to engaging with digital technologies in the long term.
An optimized extreme learning machine‐based novel model for bearing fault classification
Authors: Udmale Sandeep S. , Nath Aneesh G. , Singh Durgesh , Singh Aman , Cheng Xiaochun , Anand Divya , Singh Sanjay Kumar
Published: September 2023

This work addresses the rolling element bearing (REB) fault classification problem by tackling the issue of identifying the appropriate parameters for the extreme learning machine (ELM) and enhancing its effectiveness. This study introduces a memetic algorithm (MA) to identify the optimal ELM parameter set for compact ELM architecture alongside better ELM performance. The goal of using MA is to investigate the promising solution space and systematically exploit the facts in the viable solution space. In the proposed method, the local search method is proposed along with link‐based and node‐based genetic operators to provide a tight ELM structure. A vibration data set simulated from the bearing of rotating machinery has been used to assess the performance of the optimized ELM with the REB fault categorization problem. The complexity involved in choosing a promising feature set is eliminated because the vibration data has been transformed into kurtograms to reflect the input of the model. The experimental results demonstrate that MA efficiently optimizes the ELM to improve the fault classification accuracy by around 99.0% and reduces the requirement of hidden nodes by 17.0% for both data sets. As a result, the proposed scheme is demonstrated to be a practically acceptable and well‐organized solution that offers a compact ELM architecture in comparison to the state‐of‐the‐art methods for the fault classification problem.
Including older fish in fisheries management: A new age‐based indicator and reference point for exploited fish stocks
Authors: Griffiths Christopher A. , Winker Henning , Bartolino Valerio , Wennhage Håkan , Orio Alessandro , Cardinale Massimiliano
Published: September 2023

Larger and older fish contribute disproportionately to spawning and play an important role in the replenishment of exploited stocks. Fishing often removes specific size‐ and age‐classes, with direct impacts on stock productivity and population resilience. Despite this, fisheries advice is commonly based on estimates of spawning stock biomass (SSB) and fishing mortality (F) and makes little reference to the importance of size and/or age structure. Consequently, there is a need for indicators of size and/or age structure to better inform fisheries management and help assess global sustainability goals. Here, we introduce a new age‐based indicator ABIMSY that monitors age structure relative to the equilibrium age structure at FMSY. We apply this new indicator to 72 commercially important stocks in the Northeast Atlantic, covering 26 species, which collectively contributed 86% of all commercial catches in the region in 2019. We estimate that 62% (45 stocks) currently have proportionally fewer older fish relative to FMSY conditions, whereas 38% (27 stocks) have proportionally more older fish; we also note patterns with respect to geographic area and taxonomic family. Simulation testing demonstrated that ABIMSY is responsive to overfishing and generally tracks (with high sensitivity and specificity) a common measure of stock depletion, SSB relative to BMSY. Throughout, we show that ABIMSY provides information on the age structure of exploited stocks that is complementary to conventional reference points for SSB and F. Further, the framework used to estimate ABIMSY make it well placed for integration into current advisory frameworks on fisheries management.
Genome‐wide association and genomic prediction for yield and component traits ofMiscanthus sacchariflorus
Authors: Njuguna Joyce N. , Clark Lindsay V. , Lipka Alexander E. , Anzoua Kossonou G. , Bagmet Larisa , Chebukin Pavel , Dwiyanti Maria S. , Dzyubenko Elena , Dzyubenko Nicolay , Ghimire Bimal Kumar , Jin Xiaoli , Johnson Douglas A. , Nagano Hironori , Peng Junhua , Petersen Karen Koefoed , Sabitov Andrey , Seong Eun Soo , Yamada Toshihiko , Yoo Ji Hye , Yu Chang Yeon , Zhao Hua , Long Stephen P. , Sacks Erik J.
Published: September 2023

Accelerating biomass improvement is a major goal ofMiscanthusbreeding. The development and implementation of genomic‐enabled breeding tools, like marker‐assisted selection (MAS) and genomic selection, has the potential to improve the efficiency ofMiscanthusbreeding. The present study conducted genome‐wide association (GWA) and genomic prediction of biomass yield and 14 yield‐components traits inMiscanthus sacchariflorus. We evaluated a diversity panel with 590 accessions ofM. sacchariflorusgrown across 4 years in one subtropical and three temperate locations and genotyped with 268,109 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The GWA study identified a total of 835 significant SNPs and 674 candidate genes across all traits and locations. Of the significant SNPs identified, 280 were localized in mapped quantitative trait loci intervals and proximal to SNPs identified for similar traits in previously reportedMiscanthusstudies, providing additional support for the importance of these genomic regions for biomass yield. Our study gave insights into the genetic basis for yield‐component traits inM. sacchariflorusthat may facilitate marker‐assisted breeding for biomass yield. Genomic prediction accuracy for the yield‐related traits ranged from 0.15 to 0.52 across all locations and genetic groups. Prediction accuracies within the six genetic groupings ofM. saccharifloruswere limited due to low sample sizes. Nevertheless, the Korea/NE China/Russia (N = 237) genetic group had the highest prediction accuracy of all genetic groups (ranging 0.26–0.71), suggesting that with adequate sample sizes, there is strong potential for genomic selection within the genetic groupings ofM. sacchariflorus. This study indicated that MAS and genomic prediction will likely be beneficial for conducting population‐improvement ofM. sacchariflorus.
Individual effects of l‐arginine and l‐lysine on the physicochemical and textural properties of pale, soft and exudative‐like emulsion sausage
Authors: Gao Xun , Fan Xiaokang , Wang Ying , Liang Huihui , Li Axiang , Zhou Cunliu
Published: September 2023

This study focused on the individual effects of l‐arginine and l‐lysine on the physicochemical properties of pale, soft and exudative (PSE)‐like chicken batter and sausages. The two amino acids decreased the cooking loss from 7.13 to 1.79 and 2.36%, respectively. They increased the hardness from 24.31 to 47.27 and 41.64 N, cohesiveness from 0.60 to 0.69 and 0.69, and chewiness from 12.15 to 28.30 and 22.80 N of PSE‐like sausage with a dense and uniform microstructure, respectively. Moreover, the two amino acids decreased the total expressible liquid and expressible fat, increased viscosity, and increased the storage and loss modulus of PSE‐like meat batters with smaller oil droplets. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that the two amino acids increased Tmax1 and Tmax2. In summary, l‐arginine and l‐lysine improved the quality attributes of PSE‐like sausages by improving the emulsifying and gelling properties of PSE‐like meat batters.
Non‐destructive monitoring of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis, L) quality changes during storage using NIR spectroscopy
Authors: Siyum Zinabu Hailu , Pham Tung Thanh , Nguyen Lien Le Phuong , Baranyai László
Published: September 2023

Storing asparagus under controlled conditions is crucial to preserve its freshness and quality after harvest. However, there may be changes in firmness and weight. This study aimed to evaluate surface changes of green asparagus using near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy during storage at 2, 10 and 15 °C for 12 days. Weight loss, firmness and NIR absorbance in 900–1700 nm were measured. The results showed that the storage temperature and time had a significant influence on the weight loss and firmness values. A partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS–DA) with first derivative spectral pre‐treatment performed well and achieved an average accuracy of 86.6% in cross‐validation. Furthermore, the partial least squares regression (PLSR) model accurately predicted weight loss (RCV2 = 0.97, RMSECV = 1.04%) and firmness (RCV2 = 0.97, RMSECV = 1.89 N). Therefore, NIR spectroscopy was efficient in monitoring asparagus quality changes during storage at different temperatures and durations.
Healthcare personnel in 2016–2019 prospective cohort infrequently got vaccinated, worked while ill, and frequently used antibiotics rather than antivirals against viral influenza illnesses
Authors: Azziz‐Baumgartner Eduardo , Neyra Joan , Yau Tat S. , Soto Giselle , Owusu Daniel , Zhang Chao , Romero Candice , Yoo Young M. , Gonzales Miriam , Tinoco Yeny , Silva María , Bravo Eduar , Serrano Nancy Rojas , Matos Eduardo , Chavez‐Perez Victor , Castro Juan Carlos , Esther Castillo Maria , Porter Rachael , Munayco Cesar , Rodriguez Angel , Levine Min Z. , Prouty Michael , Thompson Mark G. , Arriola Carmen Sofia
Published: September 2023

Background

Uncertainty about risk of illness and the value of influenza vaccines negatively affects vaccine uptake among persons targeted for influenza vaccination.

Methods

During 2016–2019, we followed a cohort of healthcare personnel (HCP) targeted for free‐of‐charge influenza vaccination in five Lima hospitals to quantify risk of influenza, workplace presenteeism (coming to work despite illness), and absenteeism (taking time off from work because of illness). The HCP who developed acute respiratory illnesses (ARI) (≥1 of acute cough, runny nose, body aches, or feverishness) were tested for influenza using reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt‐PCR).

Findings

The cohort (2968 HCP) contributed 950,888 person‐days. Only 36 (6%) of 605 HCP who participated every year were vaccinated. The HCP had 5750 ARI and 147 rt‐PCR‐confirmed influenza illnesses. The weighted incidence of laboratory‐confirmed influenza was 10.0/100 person‐years; 37% used antibiotics, and 0.7% used antivirals to treat these illnesses. The HCP with laboratory‐confirmed influenza were present at work while ill for a cumulative 1187 hours.

Interpretation

HCP were frequently ill and often worked rather than stayed at home while ill. Our findings suggest the need for continuing medical education about the risk of influenza and benefits of vaccination and stay‐at‐home‐while‐ill policies.
Early diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis: Imaging techniques and their combined application
Authors: Wei Xin‐ke , Huo Jun‐yi , Yang Qin , Li Jing
Published: September 2023

Necrotizing fasciitis is a clinical, surgical emergency characterized by an insidious onset, rapid progression, and a high mortality rate. The disease's mortality rate has remained high for many years, mainly because of its atypical clinical presentation, which prevents many cases from being diagnosed early and accurately, resulting in patients who may die from uncontrollable septic shock and multi‐organ failure. But unfortunately, no diagnostic indicator can provide a certain early diagnosis of NF, and clinical judgement of NF is still based on the results of various ancillary tests combined with the patient's medical history, clinical manifestations, and the physician's experience. This review provides a brief overview of the epidemiological features of NF and then discusses the most important laboratory indicators and scoring systems currently employed to diagnose NF. Finally, the latest progress of several imaging techniques in the early diagnosis of NF and their combined application with other diagnostic indices are highlighted. We point out promising research directions based on an objective evaluation of the advantages and shortcomings of different methods, which provide a basis for further improving the early diagnosis of NF.
Depth dependence of hardness and reaction in metakaolin‐based geopolymers cured at low humidity
Authors: Samuel Devon , Kriven Waltraud M.
Published: September 2023

Compared to metakaolin‐based sodium and potassium geopolymers cured at 20°C/100% relative humidity, geopolymers, which were cured at 20°C/40% relative humidity, were found to have considerable changes in the nanoscale structure and physical properties near the surface due to dehydration that occurred before completely hardening. For low‐humidity samples, the density in a thin near‐surface region was higher than the bulk, while porosity and BET specific surface area were greatly diminished. The microhardness at the exposed surface was low but increased sharply within a small depth before decreasing with depth to a constant value, which depended on the initial water content and charge‐balancing cation. 29Si NMR spectroscopy showed that the extent of reaction also varied with distance from the exposed surface. Both the elevated microhardness and incomplete reaction were detected at distances of up to 1.5 cm from the exposed surface, indicating that premature dehydration can cause microstructural changes over length scales that may be significant in large, ambiently cured 3D‐printed geopolymers. These effects are reduced by the use of sodium rather than potassium as the charge‐balancing cation and by raising the initial water content of the geopolymer, although higher water content caused greater surface deformation during drying.
Combinations of EGFR and MET inhibitors reduce proliferation and invasiveness of mucosal melanoma cells
Authors: Simiczyjew Aleksandra , Wądzyńska Justyna , Kot Magdalena , Ziętek Marcin , Matkowski Rafał , Hoang Mai P. , Donizy Piotr , Nowak Dorota
Published: September 2023

Mucosal melanoma (MM) is a very rare and aggressive type of cancer for which immunotherapy or targeted therapy such as BRAF/MEK inhibitors, used in cutaneous melanoma, usually fail. Due to our earlier experience showing the high effectiveness of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET) inhibitors in reducing the activation of the MAPK and PI3K/AKT signalling pathways, we aim to test whether these drugs would also be effective for mucosal melanoma. Cells representing two commercially available mucosal melanoma cell lines (GAK and HMVII) and one cell line obtained from a patient's vaginal melanoma were treated with MET or EGFR inhibitors, or combinations of these agents. The dual‐inhibitor treatment strategy resulted in a decrease of cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Moreover, combinations of inhibitors led to reduction of pEGFR/EGFR and pMET/MET ratio and downregulation of PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK1/2‐based signalling pathways. Our findings indicate a potential therapeutic strategy based on EGFR and MET inhibitors in mucosal melanoma, which should be further evaluated in vivo and in clinical experiments. They also suggest that targeting multiple receptor tyrosine kinases may block signalling crosstalk and possibly delay the appearance of resistance to kinase inhibitors in mucosal melanoma cells.
Mechanical properties of 3D‐printed and milled composite resins for definitive restorations: An in vitro comparison of initial strength and fatigue behavior
Authors: Prause Elisabeth , Malgaj Tine , Kocjan Andraž , Beuer Florian , Hey Jeremias , Jevnikar Peter , Schmidt Franziska
Published: September 2023

Objective

To evaluate the flexural strength and fatigue behavior of a novel 3D‐printed composite resin for definitive restorations.

Materials and Methods

Fifty disc‐shaped specimens were manufactured from each of a nanohybrid composite resin (NHC), polymer‐infiltrated ceramic network (PICN), and 3D‐printed composite resin (3D) with CAD‐CAM technology. Biaxial flexural strength (σin) (n = 30 per group) and biaxial flexural fatigue strength (σff) (n = 20 per group) were measured using piston‐on‐three‐balls method, employing a staircase approach of 105 cycles. Weibull statistics, relative‐strength degradation calculations, and fractography were performed. The results were analyzed with 1‐way ANOVA and Games‐Howell post hoc test (α = 0.05).

Results

Significant differences in σin and σff among the groups (p < 0.001) were detected. The NHC group provided the highest mean ± standard deviation σin and σff (237.3 ± 31.6 MPa and 141.3 ± 3.8 MPa), followed by the PICN (140.3 ± 12.9 MPa and 73.5 ± 9.9 MPa) and the 3D (83.6 ± 18.5 MPa and 37.4 ± 23.8 MPa) groups. The 3D group exhibited significantly lower Weibull modulus (m = 4.7) and up to 15% higher relative strength degradation with areas of nonhomogeneous microstructure as possible fracture origins.

Conclusions

The 3D‐printed composite resin exhibited the lowest mechanical properties, where areas of nonhomogeneous microstructure developed during the mixing procedure served as potential fracture origins.

Clinical Significance

The clinical indications of the investigated novel 3D‐printed composite resin should be limited to long‐term provisional restorations. A cautious procedure for mixing the components is crucial before the 3D‐printing process, since nonhomogeneous areas developed during the mixing could act as fracture origins.
In vitro evaluation of the effect of different bleaching varnishes: Hydrogen peroxide penetration into the pulp chamber and color change
Authors: Carneiro Taynara S. , Favoreto Michael W. , Mena‐Serrano Alexandra , Wendlinger Michel , Forville Heloisa , Reis Alessandra , Ceballos Laura , Loguercio Alessandro D.
Published: September 2023

Objective

To evaluate the penetration of hydrogen peroxide (HP) into the pulp chamber and the color change of different bleaching varnishes in low concentrations used for at‐home bleaching.

Materials and Methods

Ninety healthy premolars were used, randomly distributed into nine groups (n = 10) according to bleaching varnish (PL, PolaLuminate; VS, VivaStyle Paint On Plus; CA, Cavex Bite&White whitening pen and; AW AlignerWhite) and time (10 and 30 min), and a control group (no bleaching). The penetration of HP was evaluated by UV–Vis spectroscopy. To evaluate the color change (ΔEab, ΔE00, ΔWID) a digital spectrophotometer was used (α = 0.05).

Results

The AW group in 10 min and the control group showed similar and lower HP penetration in the pulp chamber when compared to the other groups (p = 0.003). Increasing the application time to 30 minutes elevated the amount of HP inside the pulp chamber for all groups (p = 0.003), except for PL (p > 0.05). When applied for 30 min all bleaching varnishes showed higher color change (ΔWID) when compared to 10 min (p = 0.04).

Conclusions

For all bleaching varnishes evaluated, PolaLuminate applied for 30 min showed lower penetration into the pulp chamber and higher bleaching effects.

Clinical Significance

The use of bleaching varnishes seems promising for teeth bleaching, but it varies according to user product and protocol.
Nurse engagement in antibiotic time‐outs: The collaborative process of leveraging design to disseminate research findings
Authors: Manning Mary Lou , Kradel‐Weitzel Maribeth
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Research findings and knowledge translation are typically disseminated via presentations at professional meetings and publication in peer‐review journals. However, other opportunities to translate research evidence into practice exist, including the use of visual cues.

Aim

The aim of this paper is to describe the collaborative process of translating key research findings into a clear and compelling visual communication tool.

Design

As part of a multimodal research dissemination strategy, the researchers partnered with the University Health Communication Design Program faculty to develop a visual communication strategy to promote the use of antibiotic time‐outs by nurses in a health system. An environmental poster was identified as an appropriate mode of communication for its potential to convey a message quickly, impactfully, and economically.

Methods

Five‐step systematic approach, including feedback from end‐users.

Results

To augment our research dissemination strategy, an action‐oriented visual communication tool in the form of a 36x48 inch poster was created within four weeks and placed in the work environment. Unit nursing leaders and staff decided on poster locations for maximum nurse engagement with the message.

Conclusion

Creating visual communication to display scientific information is an important skill, but most nurse researchers never receive any formal training that encourages participation in collaborative development of visual communication tools. Our collaboration, was iterative, reflective, and provided a unique opportunity for shared learning. Partnering with health communication designers to expand research reach and impact is invaluable and should be considered as part of a dissemination strategy.

Clinical relevance

Clinical nurses' benefit from ‘seeing’ the science narrowed to a simple message in order to spark dialogue or remind them what they need to ‘do’.
Self‐compassion promotes self‐concept clarity and self‐change in response to negative events
Authors: Miyagawa Yuki
Published: September 2023

Objective

Negative events tend to reduce self‐concept clarity, which could hinder self‐change. Three studies (total n = 1603) including two preregistered tested whether inducing self‐compassion in response to negative events promotes self‐concept clarity and self‐change.

Methods

Participants engaged in either a self‐compassionate or a control writing task regarding negative events. They responded to the scales of self‐concept clarity and self‐change before and after the manipulation. Self‐change was assessed using two indicators: self‐improvement regarding the negative aspects of the self (i.e., negativity transformation, Studies 1–3) and openness to self‐change (Studies 2 and 3). In Study 3, self‐esteem and affect were assessed to test alternative processes.

Results

Across the studies, participants induced to be self‐compassionate reported higher levels of self‐concept clarity, negativity transformation (except in Study 1), and openness to self‐change. Studies 2 and 3 found that self‐concept clarity mediated the effect of self‐compassion on openness to self‐change. Study 3 indicated that this indirect effect remained significant, while the indirect effect of self‐compassion on negativity transformation was nonsignificant when self‐esteem and affect were considered.

Conclusions

Overall, boosting self‐compassion in response to negative events could help people retain self‐concept clarity and, thus, be open to self‐change. Self‐compassion could also orient people to engage in negativity transformation.
Dual Parallel Intramedullary K‐Wires for Arthrodesis of the Finger Distal or Thumb Interphalangeal Joints
Authors: Huang Hui‐Kuang , Wu Chin‐Hsien , Huang Yi‐Chao , Yin Cheng‐Yu , Huang Shu‐Ling , Wang Jung‐Pan
Published: September 2023

Objective

K‐wire arthrodesis methods are commonly used during arthrodesis of the finger distal interphalangeal (DIP) or thumb interphalangeal (IP) joints. Here we propose an advantageous approach involving dual parallel intramedullary K‐wires with the K‐wire tips cut to bury underneath the skin.

Methods

From January 2017 to December 2021, 35 patients (43 joints) underwent finger DIP or thumb IP joint arthrodesis using this method. Radiographic outcomes were evaluated, while functional outcomes were assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain and the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) score. Patients with at least 1 year follow‐up were analyzed. The preoperative and postoperative functional results were analyzed using the paired t‐test.

Results

Arthrodesis union was achieved in 41/43 joints (95.3%). We treated 10 thumb IP joints and 33 finger DIP joints, for which the underlying cause was osteoarthritis and trauma in 37 and six digits, respectively. The average time of K‐wire removal was 8.9 (range, 7–10) weeks after surgery. Twenty‐four patients (27 joints; 22 women, two men) had at least 1 year follow‐up (mean 15.9; range, 12.5–40.8) months. For patients with bone healing, the VAS score improved from 6.6 (range, 5–8) to 0.6 (range, 0–1) (p < 0.001), and the QuickDASH score improved from 57.9 (range, 31.8–77.3) to 14.7 (range, 6.8–20.5) (p < 0.001) at final follow‐up. Both of the two failure cases were in the thumb. There were no other complications.

Conclusions

This technique is simple and cost‐effective and achieves a good union rate. The advantages include the ability to choose variable K‐wire sizes according to the size of the medullary canal and the ease of postoperative care.
Mini‐open Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy versus Standard Posterior Approach for Ankylosing Spondylitis‐related Spinal Kyphosis: A Comparative Study
Authors: Si Gao , Qiu Weipeng , Shen Qixian , Wang Yongqiang , Li Weishi , Yu Miao , Wang Yu
Published: September 2023

Objective

Surgical strategy for spinal kyphosis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) has been challenging. Pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) through a minimally invasive (MI) approach has been developed with promising clinical outcomes. We aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of PSO via an MI approach and a standard posterior approach (SPA) for treating AS‐related spinal kyphosis.

Methods

A total of 41 patients with AS‐related spinal kyphosis who underwent PSO through an MI approach (MI surgery [MIS] group: n = 25) or SPA (SPA group: n = 16) between January 2015 and July 2020 were retrospectively included. Spinopelvic parameters were evaluated before the surgery, immediately after the surgery, and at the 2‐year follow‐up. Clinical data including operative time, estimated blood loss, blood transfusion, level of fusion, incision length, bed rest period, length of hospitalization, and surgical complications were compared between the two groups. The Scoliosis Research Society outcomes instrument‐22 (SRS‐22) was administered to assess patients' quality of life at the latest follow‐up. Comparisons between the two groups were performed using independent sample t‐test or Chi‐square test.

Results

Characteristics and baseline kyphosis of the two groups were matched. At the 2‐year follow‐up, in the MIS group, the average correction values of the sagittal vertical axis and global kyphosis (GK) were 9.5 cm and 44.3°, respectively. Compared with the SPA group, the MIS group had similar correction values and correction losses after surgery. No obvious differences were observed in any radiographic parameters, except for GK, immediately after surgery and at the 2‐year follow‐up between the two groups (p > 0.05). The MIS group had a significantly shorter operative time, lesser blood loss, lesser transfusion volume, shorter fusion level, and lesser time to mobilization than did the SPA group. Higher average functional activity scores of SRS‐22 were obtained in the MIS group than in the SPA group.

Conclusion

Mini‐open PSO may be an effective alternative to the SPA for treating AS‐related spinal kyphosis, with comparable correction effect, lesser surgical trauma and faster recovery. This comparative study may provide valuable guidance for surgical decision‐making and patient counseling.
Rapid resolution of diffuse warts following initiation of dupilumab for severe atopic dermatitis
Authors: Netravali Ilka Arun , Sockler Patrick G. , Heimall Jennifer , Treat James R.
Published: September 2023

Cutaneous warts are an exceedingly common cutaneous viral infection for which existing treatment options are often painful, expensive, and only marginally effective. Extensive warts may occur in the setting of primary immunodeficiencies, wherein they can co‐occur with other diseases of immune dysfunction, such as atopic dermatitis (AD). Dupilumab, an IL‐4 receptor α (IL‐4Rα)‐blocking monoclonal antibody, is a biologic agent recently approved for the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe eczema. Here, we report a case of a young girl with both severe AD and diffuse filiform warts, which resolved shortly after initiating treatment for AD with dupilumab.
Frege on logical axioms and non‐evidential epistemic warrants: A paragraph fromGrundgesetze
Authors: Kim Junyeol
Published: September 2023

Criticizing psychologism about logic in the Foreword ofGrundgesetze, Frege examines an answer to the question of how we can justify our acknowledgment of logical axioms as true—the logical laws that cannot be proved from other laws. The answer he entertains states that we cannot reject logical axioms if we do not want to give up our judgment altogether. Suspending his judgment about this answer, Frege points out that it is still compatible with his anti‐psychologist conception of logic. There are two issues with this paragraph. First, it is difficult to read this paragraph consistently. Second, it is not clear why Frege brings up this particular view regarding the justification for logical axioms in the middle of his criticism of psychologism. This paper develops a consistent interpretation of this paragraph. The view on the justification for logical axioms, which Frege is dealing with, is neo‐Kantian. In the paragraph, Frege is criticizing a psychologistic misunderstanding of the neo‐Kantian justification for logical axioms. The way Frege explains away this misunderstanding shows that he takes the neo‐Kantian justification for logical axioms to be a non‐evidential epistemic warrant if it is an epistemic warrant. It is this notion of non‐evidential epistemic warrant that Frege suspends his judgment about. Thus, the paragraph shows that Frege has a reason to have reservations about neo‐Kantianism. Furthermore, it turns out that the sole issue between Frege and psychological logicians is whether truth is objective, which provides a different way to explain away a much‐discussed tension betweenBegriffsschriftand Frege's anti‐psychologism.
The effect of educational intervention based on the Progressively Lowered Stress Threshold extended model on the process of caregiving for people with dementia
Authors: Zamani‐Alavijeh Fereshteh , Zahed Shakiba , Emami Maryam , Bazargan‐Hejazi Shahrzad , Barekatain Majid , Hassanzadeh Akbar , Eslami Ahmad Ali
Published: September 2023

Background

This study examined the impacts of an educational intervention based on the Progressively Lowered Stress Threshold (PLST) extended model on caregiving for people with dementia (PWD).

Method

This study was conducted in Isfahan, Iran, from May 2016 to June 2018, with 38 caregivers of PWD as participants assigned to an intervention group. Data were collected using a multi‐sectional, researcher‐developed questionnaire that recorded the demographic characteristics, and measured the dementia‐related knowledge and caregiving practices of the participants. The questionnaire and an educational program were designed in three parts according to the educational needs of caregivers to enhance their practice, skills, and ability to handle challenging behaviours in PWD. The questionnaire's face validity was confirmed by expert review, and its reliability was assessed with Cronbach's alpha coefficient (knowledge section, 0.838; practice section, 0.802). The sampling method used was convenience sampling, and none of the caregivers refused to receive the educational content. Therefore, the evaluation of the program lacks a randomized controlled group. To tailor the intervention program to the participants' needs, the educational content was based on the PLST extended model.

Results

The mean scores for knowledge and practice increased following the intervention (P < 0.05). An educational intervention, using the PLST extended care model, thus produced positive impacts in improving the knowledge and practice of caregivers of PWD.

Conclusion

Educating caregivers with the PLST extended model, with a specific focus on the cultural and religious backgrounds of societies, is recommended.
Early modulations of neural oscillations during the processing of emotional body language
Authors: Botta Alessandro , Zhao Mingqi , Samogin Jessica , Pelosin Elisa , Bonassi Gaia , Lagravinese Giovanna , Mantini Dante , Avenanti Alessio , Avanzino Laura
Published: September 2023

The processing of threat‐related emotional body language (EBL) has been shown to engage sensorimotor cortical areas early on and induce freezing in the observers' motor system, particularly when observing fearful EBL. To provide insights into the interplay between somatosensory and motor areas during observation of EBL, here, we used high‐density electroencephalography (hd‐EEG) in healthy humans while they observed EBL stimuli involving fearful and neutral expressions. To capture early sensorimotor brain response, we focused on P100 fronto‐central event‐related potentials (ERPs) and event‐related desynchronization/synchronization (ERD/ERS) in the mu‐alpha (8–13 Hz) and lower beta (13–20 Hz) bands over the primary motor (M1) and somatosensory (S1) cortices. Source‐level ERP and ERD/ERS analyses were conducted using eLORETA. Results revealed higher P100 amplitudes in motor and premotor channels for ‘Neutral’ compared with ‘Fear’. Additionally, analysis of ERD/ERS showed increased beta band desynchronization in M1 for ‘Neutral’, and the opposite pattern in S1. Source‐level estimation showed significant differences between conditions mainly observed in the beta band over sensorimotor areas. These findings provide high‐temporal resolution evidence suggesting that seeing fearful EBL induces early activation of somatosensory areas, which in turn could suppress M1 activity. These findings highlight early dynamics within the observer's sensorimotor system and hint at a sensorimotor mechanism supporting freezing during the processing of EBL.
Creating new pathways for sharing knowledge to support restoration initiatives
Authors: Barragán Gabriela , Prescott Cindy E.
Published: September 2023

In response to pressing global threats, nations worldwide have committed to restore vast areas of degraded land. But many nations, particularly in the Global South, are experiencing challenges in planning and managing these programs. Access to knowledge from the scientific literature is limited by barriers such as paywalls and language issues for non‐English speakers. Limited accessibility to the scientific literature can impair the ability of restoration managers and practitioners to apply scientific knowledge on the ground, jeopardizing local and global restoration efforts. We present the case of an education and training project Restaura Consciencia, which is a website featuring multilingual summaries of published scientific articles on restoration, conservation, and related disciplines. This not‐for‐profit academic project promotes the application of research findings and increases the visibility of the authors of articles, including often marginalized authors who publish in their native languages but want to share summaries in English and other languages. Restaura Consciencia promotes collective academic collaborations to support restoration initiatives.
A note of caution on the relation between money growth and inflation
Authors: Berger Helge , Karlsson Sune , Österholm Pär
Published: September 2023

We assess the bivariate relation between money growth and inflation in the euro area and the United States using hybrid time‐varying parameter Bayesian VAR models. Model selection based on marginal likelihoods suggests that the relation is statistically unstable across time in both regions. The effect of money growth on inflation weakened notably after the 1980s before strengthening after 2020. There is evidence that this time variation is related to the pace of price changes, as we find that the maximum impact of money growth on inflation is increasing in the trend level of inflation. These results caution against asserting a simple, time‐invariant relationship when modeling the joint dynamics of monetary aggregates and consumer prices.
HLA‐A*02:1093, a variant of HLA‐A*02:01:01:01 detected in two Spanish individuals
Authors: Vilches‐Moreno Miriam , Galán Javier , Mena Inmaculada , Pérez Ana Esperanza , Nieto Antonio
Published: September 2023

A change in one nucleotide in codon 193 of HLA‐A*02:01:01:01 results in the new allele HLA‐A*02:1093.
Conserved functions of chromatin regulators in basal Archaeplastida
Authors: Kerckhofs Elise , Schubert Daniel
Published: September 2023

Chromatin is a dynamic network that regulates genome organization and gene expression. Different types of chromatin regulators are highly conserved among Archaeplastida, including unicellular algae, while some chromatin genes are only present in land plant genomes. Here, we review recent advances in understanding the function of conserved chromatin factors in basal land plants and algae. We focus on the role of Polycomb‐group genes which mediate H3K27me3‐based silencing and play a role in balancing gene dosage and regulating haploid‐to‐diploid transitions by tissue‐specific repression of the transcription factors KNOX and BELL in many representatives of the green lineage. Moreover, H3K27me3 predominantly occupies repetitive elements which can lead to their silencing in a unicellular alga and basal land plants, while it covers mostly protein‐coding genes in higher land plants. In addition, we discuss the role of nuclear matrix constituent proteins as putative functional lamin analogs that are highly conserved among land plants and might have an ancestral function in stress response regulation. In summary, our review highlights the importance of studying chromatin regulation in a wide range of organisms in the Archaeplastida.