bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicted distributions and abundances of the sea turtle ‘lost years’ in the western North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Putman Nathan F. , Seney Erin E. , Verley Phlippe , Shaver Donna J. , López‐Castro Melania C. , Cook Melissa , Guzmán Vicente , Brost Beth , Ceriani Simona A. , Mirón Raúl de Jesús González Díaz , Peña Luis Jaime , Tzeek Miriam , Valverde Roldán A. , Cantón Cristóbal Cáceres G. , Howell Lyndsey , Ravell Ley Jonathan A. , Tumlin Mandy C. , Teas Wendy G. , Caillouet Charles W. , Cuevas Eduardo , Gallaway Benny J. , Richards Paul M. , Mansfield Katherine L.
Published: December 2019

Oceanic dispersal characterizes the early juvenile life‐stages of numerous marine species of conservation concern. This early stage may be a ‘critical period’ for many species, playing an overriding role in population dynamics. Often, relatively little information is available on their distribution during this period, limiting the effectiveness of efforts to understand environmental and anthropogenic impacts on these species. Here we present a simple model to predict annual variation in the distribution and abundance of oceanic‐stage juvenile sea turtles based on species’ reproductive output, movement and mortality. We simulated dispersal of 25 cohorts (1993–2017) of oceanic‐stage juveniles by tracking the movements of virtual hatchling sea turtles released in a hindcast ocean circulation model. We then used estimates of annual hatchling production from Kemp's ridley Lepidochelys kempii (n = 3), green Chelonia mydas (n = 8) and loggerhead Caretta caretta (n = 5) nesting areas in the northwestern Atlantic (inclusive of the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea and eastern seaboard of the U.S.) and their stage‐specific mortality rates to weight dispersal predictions. The model's predictions indicate spatial heterogeneity in turtle distribution across their marine range, identify locations of increasing turtle abundance (notably along the U.S. coast), and provide valuable context for temporal variation in the stranding of young sea turtles across the Gulf of Mexico. Further effort to collect demographic, distribution and behavioral data that refine, complement and extend the utility of this modeling approach for sea turtles and other dispersive marine taxa is warranted. Finally, generating these spatially‐explicit predictions of turtle abundance required extensive international collaboration among scientists; our findings indicate that continued conservation of these sea turtle populations and the management of the numerous anthropogenic activities that operate in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean will require similar international coordination.
Towards a phenomenology of grief: Insights from Merleau‐Ponty
Authors: Ratcliffe Matthew
Published: December 2019

This paper shows how phenomenological research can enhance our understanding of what it is to experience grief. I focus specifically on themes in the work of Maurice Merleau‐Ponty, in order to develop an account that emphasizes two importantly different ways of experiencing indeterminacy. This casts light on features of grief that are disorienting and difficult to describe, while also making explicit an aspect of experience upon which the possibility of phenomenological inquiry itself depends.
Bank credit constraints for women‐led SMEs: Self‐restraint or lender bias?
Authors: Galli Emma , Mascia Danilo V. , Rossi Stefania P. S.
Published: December 2019

We test the existence of possible gender biases affecting firm behavior in demanding and obtaining bank credit using a cross‐country sample of European small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). We show consistent evidence that female‐led firms are more likely than their male counterparts to refrain from applying for loans. When they apply, female‐led enterprises do not seem to face gender discrimination from the lender. Interestingly, however, signs of gender bias appear to arise during the upside phase of the economy. Overall, our study provides support for policy actions aimed at reducing the frictions faced by women‐led SMEs when accessing credit markets.
Best Practices in Relationship Education Focused on Intimate Relationships
Authors: Stanley Scott M. , Carlson Ryan G. , Rhoades Galena K. , Markman Howard J. , Ritchie Lane L. , Hawkins Alan J.
Published: December 2019

Relationship education is widely used to help people develop and sustain healthy romantic relationships. We first provide a review on the current state of evidence and key issues in the field, laying a foundation for suggesting specific best practices in relationship education. We focus on services provided to couples but also address the burgeoning field of relationship education with individuals. Although there are many gaps in the knowledge informing best practices—such as mechanisms of effect and dose—decades of research and experience provide a strong basis for specific recommendations. The hallmark of an evidence‐based, best‐practice approach lies in making thoughtful decisions based on current knowledge, the goals of the effort, the population served, and available resources.
Use of Nakanuma staging and cytokeratin 7 staining for diagnosing recurrent primary biliary cholangitis after living‐donor liver transplantation
Authors: Yamashiki Noriyo , Haga Hironori , Ueda Yoshihide , Ito Takashi , Yagi Shintaro , Kamo Naoko , Hata Koichiro , Mori Akira , Kaido Toshimi , Okajima Hideaki , Uemoto Shinji
Published: December 2019

Aim

Diagnosis of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), which recurs in approximately 30% of liver transplant recipients, is histology‐based, but no staging system has been established for recurrent PBC (rPBC). We used the Nakanuma staging system and cytokeratin 7 (CK7) staining to examine post‐transplant liver biopsy specimens retrospectively and to evaluate histological features of rPBC.

Methods

From 107 patients who underwent living donor liver transplantation for PBC, 60 recipients with 214 liver biopsies after 1‐year post transplant were enrolled. Fibrosis, bile duct loss (BL), cholangitis activity, hepatitis activity, and CK7‐positive hepatocytes were scored. Nakanuma staging was based on fibrosis and BL scores. We examined the correlation of scores and clinicolaboratory data among rPBC patients. We also evaluated whether chronological change of stage was correlated with liver‐related failure.

Results

Of 214 biopsies, 52 were protocol biopsy; 162 were episodic. Higher BL, cholangitis activity, and hepatitis activity scores were associated with rPBC diagnosis. At median follow up of 10.0 years (range 1.4–18.7 years), 29 (48%) patients were diagnosed with rPBC at 4.6 years (range 1.3–14.5 years). Liver‐related failure occurred in five rPBC cases; three from rPBC, and two from chronic rejection. At rPBC diagnosis, higher BL and CK7 scores were more frequent in patients who developed liver‐related failure than in other patients (P = 0.04, P < 0.01, respectively). In failure patients, the Nakanuma stage increased over time, and reached up to stage 4, whereas the Scheuer stage did not reach above stage 3.

Conclusions

Nakanuma staging is associated with rPBC and disease progression. Scores for BL and CK7 might be early markers for progressive rPBC.
A high mitotic score in breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is predictive of outcome and associated with a distinct morphology
Authors: Arispe Angulo Karen R , Jawa Zeeshan , Visotcky Alexis , Majidi Shadie S , Chitambar Christopher R , Jorns Julie M
Published: December 2019

Aims

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is frequently used for the treatment of breast cancer. We sought to analyse the clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical features of tumours from patients who did not achieve pathological complete response following NAC.

Methods and results

We identified stage I–III post‐NAC breast cancers from surgical resections (2000–2016) with evaluable residual invasive carcinoma [ypT1a(m) or greater and ≥15% tumour cellularity]. One hundred and forty‐three tumours from 142 patients were included. On univariable analysis, a high (score 3) post‐NAC mitotic score (as compared with 1 or 2) was significantly associated with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) subtype (P = 0.023), high grade, pushing borders with zones of necrosis, hormone receptor and triple‐negative status, lack of hormonal therapy, higher cellularity (P < 0.001), and a higher percentage of tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes (P = 0.016). Multivariable analysis showed a high post‐NAC mitotic score to be significantly associated with recurrence, distant metastasis, and shortened survival (hazard ratios of 5.73, 4.49, and 3.68, respectively). High post‐NAC mitotic score tumours (n = 32) were IDC and had a high Ki67 proliferation index (median, 55%). Of these, 24 (75%) had pushing borders with zones of necrosis; 19 (79.2%) of these had necrosis on preoperative imaging, and 24 (75%), 15 (46.9%) and four (12.5%) lacked androgen receptor, GATA‐3 and cytokeratin 18 expression, respectively.

Conclusions

High post‐NAC mitotic score breast cancers cause high morbidity and mortality, frequently have pushing borders and zones of necrosis, and may show loss of common ‘breast cancer markers’. Our findings support that necrosis in pretreatment studies and post‐NAC mitotic score should be routinely reported, as they offer significant additional prognostic information to guide management.
Chemsex drugs on the rise: a longitudinal analysis of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study from 2007 to 2017
Authors: Hampel B , Kusejko K , Kouyos RD , Böni J , Flepp M , Stöckle M , Conen A , Béguelin C , Künzler‐Heule P , Nicca D , Schmidt AJ , Nguyen H , Delaloye J , Rougemont M , Bernasconi E , Rauch A , Günthard HF , Braun DL , Fehr J ,   for the Swiss HIV Cohort Study group
Published: December 2019

Objectives

Chemsex refers to the use of sex‐enhancing drugs among men who have sex with men (MSM) in combination with specific sexual and social behaviours. Longitudinal data on this development and the associated health risks are scarce.

Methods

Data on all recreational drugs reported in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) from 2007 to 2017 were collected. Drug use was analysed longitudinally for all drug classes. In addition, potential associations between patient characteristics and the consumption of methamphetamine, γ‐hydroxybutric acid/γ‐butyrolactone (GHB/GBL), 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA/XTC), cocaine and amphetamine were analysed.

Results

We analysed 166 167 follow‐up entries for 12 527 SHCS participants, including 7101 free text field entries containing information about recreational drugs other than cannabis, cocaine and heroin. Overall, we observed a stable percentage (9.0%) of recreational drug use (excluding cannabis, amyl nitrite and prescription drugs). For MSM, however, there was an increase in overall drug use from 8.8% in 2007 to 13.8% in 2017, with particularly large increases for methamphetamine (from 0.2 to 2.4%; P < 0.001) and GHB/GBL (from 1.0 to 3.4%; P < 0.001). The use of each of the potentially sex‐enhancing drugs methamphetamine, GHB/GBL, cocaine, XTC/MDMA and amphetamine was significantly associated with condomless sex with nonsteady partners, and higher prevalences of depression, syphilis and hepatitis C.

Conclusions

The significant increase in the use of chemsex drugs among MSM in the SHCS and the strong association with coinfections and depression highlights the need for harm reduction programmes tailored to MSM. According to our results, improving knowledge about recreational drugs is important for all health care professionals working with people living with HIV.
Geochemistry, zircon U–PB ages and HF isotopes of the Muong Luan granitoid pluton, Northwest Vietnam and its petrogenetic significance
Authors: Hieu Pham T. , Anh Nong T. Q. , Minh Pham , Thuy Nguyen T. B.
Published: December 2019

The Indosinian Orogeny plays a significant role in tectonic background and magmatic evolution in Indochina and surrounding regions. Being a part product of the Indosinian magmatism in northwest Vietnam during late Permian–middle Triassic period, Muong Luan granitoid pluton dominantly consists of granodiorite, less diorite and granite. This pluton is located in the Song Ma suture and assigned to the Dien Bien complex. Geochemically, the Muong Luan granitoid rocks are characterized by a wide range of SiO2 contents (59.9–75.1 wt%) and high K2O contents. They display typical features of I‐type granites. The presence of hornblende and no muscovite and cordierite in the rocks further supports for I‐type character of granitoids. The emplacement age of the Muong Luan pluton obtained by LA–ICP–MS U–Pb zircon is at 242–235 Ma, corresponding to Indosinian time. Zircon εHf values of –5.6 to –10.4, in combination with moderate Mg values of 34–45 suggested that the Muong Luan granitoid was derived from partial melting of mafic crustal source rocks, which are probably Paleoproterozoic in age as revealed by Hf model ages (TDM2 = 1624–1923 Ma).
Community supported agriculture membership: The benefits of spousal involvement
Authors: Birtalan Ilona Liliána , Neulinger Ágnes , Rácz József , Bárdos György
Published: December 2019

Fresh vegetables originating from alternative food networks (AFNs) are an increasingly popular choice all over the world. Being part of an AFN frequently redefines consumption and participation of family members in food‐related activities. Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) is a type of AFN, providing increased access to produce in a form of risk‐sharing model between farmers and consumers, which at the same time influences organization of household resources. Thus, not only the given member of a CSA, but also his/her spousal activities in household processes should be taken in account. It is clear that entering into CSA significantly affects lifestyles and frequently requires a great deal of adaptation, possibly leading to a crisis of whether to stay within the CSA or cease membership. The objective of this study was to reveal how spouses influence CSA membership. Using an explorative design, this study has identified three emerging patterns of spousal influence: coherent, integrative and neutral/antagonistic. The spousal influence on CSA membership may represent partner activities regarding food issues but also has an effect on food preparation and culinary choices at home. Our findings suggest that membership in CSA presents challenges and thus spousal support is crucial in the long term. As a consequence, spousal influence should be examined in relation to CSA participation. Inconveniences associated with CSA membership could be avoided by providing more information about the importance of spousal support.
Tribute to Marcus Berliant: A pivotal matchmaker of general equilibrium and spatial economics
Authors: Fujita Masahisa , Wang Ping
Published: December 2019

We review fundamental contributions by Marcus Berliant, with a view to a way forward. We focus on two themes to which he has contributed significantly: general equilibrium theory with land and location and general equilibrium analysis of spatial agglomeration.
Foreign Remittances and Regional Poverty: Evidence from Household Data
Authors: Imran Kashif , Devadason Evelyn S. , Kee Cheok Cheong
Published: December 2019

This study examines the association between foreign remittances and poverty (incidence and severity) in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Logit regression is used to deal with binary headcount ratio, while the instrumental variable approach is employed to avoid possible endogeneity. Household‐based data, covering more than 40,000 household units in Punjab, are used for the empirical estimations. After controlling for several variables, such as the number of dependents of households, age, gender, and education of the household head, the results indicate that foreign remittances’ inflow reduces the incidence and severity of poverty in all three regions of the Punjab province, North Punjab, South Punjab and Central Punjab. The South Punjab, however, is found to be poorer based on headcount poverty and severity of poverty as compared to the other two regions.
Natural history of dental caries: Baseline characteristics of the VicGen birth cohort study
Authors: Chattopadhyay Amit , Christian Bradley , Masood Mohd. , Calache Hanny , Carpenter Lauren , Gibbs Lisa , Gussy Mark
Published: December 2019

Background

Early‐life dental caries is a major global health problem. Children's first dental visit is recommended at 2 years age. The VicGeneration (VicGen) oral health birth cohort study aims to understand the multifactorial nature of early childhood caries. This report describes the baseline characteristics of children in the VicGen study.

Methods

We merged data between the first (at birth) and fourth waves (18 month age) to assess dental caries among children (primary outcome) and other oral diseases (secondary outcomes) employing t tests, chi‐square tests, Fisher's exact tests, and Cochran‐Mantel‐Haenszel tests using IBM‐SPSS(v25).

Results

Most children lived in metros with two‐parent families. Most guardians were women graduated from high school. Twenty‐seven of 389 (6.94%) 18‐month‐old children experienced dental caries. More children living in rural areas (vs. urban) experienced caries. Females were more likely to experience caries (OR: 2.16). Several children had other oral health problems. In early life, children's oral examination was conducted by midwives, breastfeeding/lactation consultants, hospital nurses, speech pathologists, and breastfeeding clinic staff.

Conclusion

VicGen baseline characteristics show that almost 7% of the 18‐month‐old children experienced caries. There is a need to advance children's recommended first dental visit date and to train early‐life healthcare professionals about oral diseases.
Do current‐year forecasts deserve investors' exclusive attention among analyst estimates?
Authors: Huang Cheng‐tsu , Chang Chu‐hsuan , Lin Hsiou‐wei
Published: December 2019

This study demonstrates that in using security forecasts for equity valuation, it would be preferable to take into consideration of analyst multi‐year forecasts instead of exclusively employing current‐year earnings forecast because the latter forecast measure most typically incorporates non‐recurring and/or value‐irrelevant components of accounting earnings. In contrast, the same analyst's concurrent long‐term earnings estimates appear to be free from the influence of the non‐recurring earnings items. Namely, when a firm's long‐run profitability differs from current year earnings, long‐horizoned analyst forecasts add to identify the differences.
Communicative abilities in young children with a significant cognitive and motor developmental delay
Authors: Dhondt Ann , Van keer Ines , van der Putten Annette , Maes Bea
Published: December 2019

Background

Children with a significant cognitive and motor developmental delay are pre‐symbolic communicators. The primary aim of this study was to reveal the variability within the communicative functioning of this group of children in terms of communication level, the reasons to communicate and behavioural expressions.

Methods

Twenty‐six children between 14 and 58 months with a significant cognitive and motor developmental delay were recruited. The Communication Matrix of Rowland (2011, Communication Disorders Quarterly, 32, 190) was used to integrate different sources of information on the children's communicative functioning.

Results

These children primarily communicated at the level of pre‐intentional and intentional behaviour, aimed at refusing, obtaining and, to a lesser extent, social purposes.

Conclusions

To develop or adapt early intervention strategies, and to monitor progress in communicative development, an even more nuanced view on these children's communicative utterances in terms of frequency, duration, idiosyncrasy and context relatedness is needed.
Neotropical migratory and resident birds occurring in sympatry during winter have distinct haemosporidian parasite assemblages
Authors: Soares Leticia , Latta Steven C. , Ricklefs Robert E.
Published: December 2019

Aim

We compared the parasite assemblages of over‐wintering migratory birds and permanent residents on the wintering grounds. We determined whether parasite sharing between migratory and resident birds is influenced by host phylogenetic relatedness. We then inferred whether migratory birds transport haemosporidian parasite lineages between the breeding and wintering grounds.

Location

Sierra de Bahoruco National Park, Dominican Republic, Hispaniola.

Taxa

Migratory and resident birds (primarily Aves: Passeriformes) and their haemosporidian parasites (order Haemosporida, Plasmodium, Haemoproteus and Parahaemoproteus).

Methods

We used mist nets to capture birds in thorn scrub, broadleaf dry forests and pine forests during midwinter. We used molecular methods to recognize haemosporidian parasites in blood samples, and genotyped infections based on the nucleotide differences in a region of the parasite cytochrome b gene.

Results and Main Conclusion

We identified 505 infections by 32 haemosporidian parasite lineages in 1,780 blood samples from 37 resident species, and in 901 blood samples from 14 overwintering migratory species, over five years at the same sites. Infection prevalence varied among migratory species from zero to 13%, whereas infection prevalence among resident species ranged up to 77%. Host relatedness did not predict parasite assemblage similarity. We discuss four hypotheses for the rarity of haemosporidian infections in migratory birds during winter, and for the infrequency of parasite sharing between migratory and resident birds: (a) relative abundance and host preferences of dipteran vectors lower parasite transmission to migratory birds; (b) parasite lineages adapted to infect endemic Caribbean hosts are unable to infect migratory species; (c) the physiology of migratory birds after migration and during winter reduces parasite survival; and (d) infected individuals suffer more pronounced mortality rates during migration. We highlight the link between host–parasite coevolution and the physiological adaptations associated with avian seasonal migration.
Long noncoding RNA ZFAS1 promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by sponging miR‐892b to up‐regulate LPAR1 expression
Authors: Peng Jiaojiao , Liu Feng , Zheng Hong , Wu Qi , Liu Shixi
Published: December 2019

Objective

In this study, we explored the NPC‐specific expression of ZFAS1 and the mechanism of ZFAS1‐mediated growth, aggressiveness and tumorigenesis in NPC.

Methods

The expression profile of lncRNAs was detected in NPC tissues and matching para‐carcinoma tissues using microarray analysis. LncRNA‐miRNA and miRNA‐mRNA interaction networks were constructed using the miRcode v11 and TargetScanHuman v7.2 web server and then validated using dual‐luciferase assay. Western blot and RT‐qPCR were performed to detect protein and RNA expression. The effects of ZFAS1, miR‐892b and LPAR1 dysregulation on the proliferative, migratory and invasive abilities of NPC cells were observed using colony formation, cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8) and transwell assays in vitro. In vivo, a xenograft nude mouse model was established to detect the impact of ZFAS1 dysregulation on the tumorigenicity of NPC cells.

Results

The expression of multiple lncRNAs, of which ZFAS1 was up‐regulated, was dysregulated in NPC tissues. ZFAS1 directly targeted miR‐892b, and miR‐892b negatively regulated the expression of downstream LPAR1. The proliferation, migration and invasion of NPC cells could be largely enhanced by the downregulation of miR‐892b as well as the up‐regulation of ZFAS1 and LPAR1, while the overexpression of miR‐892b and the downregulation of ZFAS1 and LPAR1 decreased these abilities. In nude mice, the growth of tumour xenografts formed by HONE1 cells was significantly suppressed when ZFAS1 was silenced.

Conclusion

The study demonstrated that lncRNA ZFAS1 may act as a promoter of tumorigenesis and metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, by up‐regulating the expression of LPAR1 in a miR‐892b‐dependent manner.
Failure mode and effects analysis for proactive healthcare risk evaluation: A systematic literature review
Authors: Liu Hu‐Chen , Zhang Li‐Jun , Ping Ye‐Jia , Wang Liang
Published: December 2019

Rationale, aims, and objectives

Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a valuable reliability management tool that can preemptively identify the potential failures of a system and assess their causes and effects, thereby preventing them from occurring. The use of FMEA in the healthcare setting has become increasingly popular over the last decade, being applied to a multitude of different areas. The objective of this study is to review comprehensively the literature regarding the application of FMEA for healthcare risk analysis.

Methods

An extensive search was carried out in the scholarly databases of Scopus and PubMed, and we only chose the academic articles which used the FMEA technique to solve healthcare risk analysis problems. Furthermore, a bibliometric analysis was performed based on the number of citations, publication year, appeared journals, authors, and country of origin.

Results

A total of 158 journal papers published over the period of 1998 to 2018 were extracted and reviewed. These publications were classified into four categories (ie, healthcare process, hospital management, hospital informatization, and medical equipment and production) according to the healthcare issues to be solved, and analyzed regarding the application fields and the utilized FMEA methods.

Conclusion

FMEA has high practicality for healthcare quality improvement and error reduction and has been prevalently employed to improve healthcare processes in hospitals. This research supports academics and practitioners in effectively adopting the FMEA tool to proactively reduce healthcare risks and increase patient safety, and provides an insight into its state‐of‐the‐art.
Performance assessment of medical diagnostic laboratories: A network DEA approach
Authors: Ghafari Someh Niloufar , Pishvaee Mir Saman , Sadjadi Seyed Jafar , Soltani Roya
Published: December 2019

Rationale, aims, and objectives

The main purpose of this paper is to measure the efficiency and ranking of medical diagnostic laboratories by applying a network data envelopment analysis (NDEA).

Methods

In this study, each medical diagnostic laboratory is considered as a decision‐making unit (DMU), and an NDEA model is utilized to calculate the efficiency of each medical diagnostic laboratory. Therefore, we design a series of four‐stage system composed of three main laboratory processes (the pretest process, the test process, and the posttest process). We also consider sustainability criteria in order to cover social, economic, and environmental problems of health care organizations.

Results

The results show that three of the 22 considered laboratories are efficient. Therefore, the NDEA approach can lead to performance scores and ultimately real ranking. Also, the average efficiency scores show that the decrease of the reception unit's efficiency results in a decrease of the efficiency of each laboratory. Therefore, the laboratories can increase the number of patients. Along with the intermediate values of the reception unit and the sampling unit, the efficiency of the reception unit increases, which results in an increase for the overall efficiency of each laboratory.

Conclusion

The proposed model can appropriately help the administrators and managers to identify inefficient units in their laboratory and ultimately improve the laboratory performance.
Do Clean Common Areas Save Lives?
Authors: Dumyati Ghinwa , Nace David A. , Jump Robin L. P.
Published: December 2019

This editorial comments on the article by Gontjes et al. in this issue.
Abscisic acid dynamics, signaling, and functions in plants
Authors: Chen Kong , Li Guo‐Jun , Bressan Ray A. , Song Chun‐Peng , Zhu Jian‐Kang , Zhao Yang
Published: December 2019

Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important phytohormone regulating plant growth, development, and stress responses. It has an essential role in multiple physiological processes of plants, such as stomatal closure, cuticular wax accumulation, leaf senescence, bud dormancy, seed germination, osmotic regulation, and growth inhibition among many others. Abscisic acid controls downstream responses to abiotic and biotic environmental changes through both transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms. During the past 20 years, ABA biosynthesis and many of its signaling pathways have been well characterized. Here we review the dynamics of ABA metabolic pools and signaling that affects many of its physiological functions.
Debt and Financial Vulnerability on the Verge of Retirement
Authors: LUSARDI ANNAMARIA , MITCHELL OLIVIA S. , OGGERO NOEMI
Published: December 2019

We analyze older individuals’ debt and financial vulnerability using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the National Financial Capability Study (NFCS). In the HRS, we compare three groups of people age 56–61 in 1992, 2004, and 2010, to assess cross‐cohort changes in debt over time. Two waves of the NFCS (2012 and 2015) provide additional insights into debt management and older individuals’ capacity to shield themselves against shocks. We conclude that recent cohorts hold more debt and face more financial insecurity than in the past. This will render them particularly vulnerable to forecasted interest rate increases.
Observing and Shaping the Market: The Dilemma of Central Banks
Authors: BAERISWYL ROMAIN , CORNAND CAMILLE , ZILIOTTO BRUNO
Published: December 2019

While the central bank observes market activity to assess economic fundamentals, it shapes the market outcome through the conduct of monetary policy. A dilemma arises from this dual role because the more the central bank shapes the market, the more it influences the informational content of market outcomes. This paper analyzes how accounting for the endogeneity of information affects optimal monetary policy. By reducing the accuracy of central bank information, endogenous information calls for a higher degree of opacity, weakens accommodation policy to shocks, and broadens the range of parameters for which taking a signaling action is detrimental to welfare.
Problems for the plantations: Challenges for large‐scale land concessions in Laos and Cambodia
Authors: Baird Ian G.
Published: December 2019

Large‐scale plantation land concessions are causing an array of serious social and environmental impacts in Southeast Asia as well as in other parts of the world. This paper, however, is focused on the many challenges and limitations that plantation developers face in southern Laos and northeastern Cambodia. These include price and market constraints, activism linked to villagers and others actors, management and financial difficulties, environmental and technical limitations, and limited government support. Investor responses to these challenges and limitations have varied. Some investors still hope that their plantations will succeed, while others have variously attempted to cut their losses and withdraw from failing investments. In particular, this paper considers how problems associated with plantation development often emerge due to fluctuating crop prices as well as poor planning that partially stems from investors adopting a “resource frontier” mindset.
Lobophora (Dictyotales) Species Richness, Ecology and Biogeography Across the North‐Eastern Atlantic Archipelagos and Description of Two New Species1
Authors: Vieira Christophe , Henriques Filipe , D'hondt Sofie , Neto Ana , Almada Carmen H. , Kaufmann Manfred , Sansón Marta , Sangil Carlos , Clerck Olivier De
Published: December 2019

The brown alga Lobophora (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) is an important macroalga in the North‐eastern Atlantic archipelagos (i.e., Macaronesia). Notably in the Canaries it can dominate benthic assemblages. While the genus has been the subject of several ecological studies in the Canaries, no study has yet been conducted to assess species‐level diversity of Lobophora in Macaronesia. We reassessed the diversity of Lobophora in Macaronesia, reporting the presence of seven species (L. caboverdeana sp. nov., L. canariensis, L. dagamae sp. nov., L. delicata, L. dispersa, L. littlerorum, and L. schneideri). Lobophora spp. from Macaronesia are morphologically and ecologically distinguishable. In the Canaries, L. schneideri dominates the photophilic assemblages from the intertidal to 20‐30 m depth. Lobophora dagamae sp. nov. grows in less illuminated shallow habitats, and replaces L. schneideri from 30 to ~80 m. Lobophora canariensis also has a wide vertical distribution, from the intertidal to deep waters, while L. delicata, L. dispersa and L. littlerorum grow in shallow waters. The dominance of species with an upright habit versus prostrate or crustose species may be mediated by the pressure of herbivores. Four species have an amphi‐Atlantic distribution: L. littlerorum, L. canariensis, L. delicata, and L. schneideri. Lobophora schneideri and L. delicata are furthermore distributed in the Mediterranean Sea. By sampling a pivotal region in the Atlantic, this study significantly improves our knowledge of Lobophora biogeography in the Atlantic Ocean. Macaronesia constitutes a species–poor region for Lobophora where no diversification events occurred, and a region of overlap between the Greater Caribbean and the Indo‐Pacific.
Outpatient‐ or community‐based interventions to prevent SIDS and sleep‐related deaths
Authors: Pretorius Kelly , Rew Lynn
Published: December 2019

Purpose

To determine the state of science of outpatient‐ or community‐based interventions for sudden infant death syndrome prevention in the United States, an integrative review was completed and studies identified through the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Conclusions

Of the nine studies identified, three were randomized controlled trials. There was a wide range of measurement tools and variables measured. The timing of interventions also varied. There was a focus on mothers and African Americans. Lastly, study design and approach have not changed significantly over time.

Practice Implications

Findings highlight recommendations for future research: expanding the target population, addressing culture in the development of the intervention or program, including additional providers, such as nurses, in the intervention or program, advancing innovation, and increasing rigor of study design.
Making visible the literacy practices of elders through theday in the lifemethodology: considerations for literacy education across the lifespan
Authors: Heydon Rachel , Stooke Roz , Cameron Catherine Ann , Cooper Emma , O'Neill Susan
Published: December 2019

This pilot study uses ‘day in the life' methodology to observe the everyday literacy practices of a self‐identified thriving elder. Through the case of one nonagenarian female residing in an assisted living community in the United States, we identified the multimodal, posthuman nature of this elder's literacies, exploring how they were connected to a sense of well‐being and the types of literacies that remain relevant across the lifespan. We further consider what the insights gained from such a study might teach about literacy education more generally. We advocate for education that keeps open people's literacy options across the lifespan through acknowledging and cultivating the myriad interrelated constituents of literacies, including the physical, social and political.
The iambic/trochaic law: Nature or nurture?
Authors: Crowhurst Megan J.
Published: December 2019

The iambic/trochaic law (ITL) asserts that listeners associate louder sounds with group onsets and longer sounds with group endings. The ITL has interested theoretical phonologists since Hayes' (1995) proposal that it may describe the perceptual underpinnings of the Foot Inventory (Hayes, 1995; McCarthy and Prince, 1986, 1996). This article surveys the growing experimental literature exploring perceptual ITL effects. The experimental findings to date suggest that ITL effects have both a “nature” and a “nurture” component, are documented for a variety of species, and are cross‐modal in humans. Questions are raised as to whether there is likely to be a natural connection between ITL effects and the foot inventory.
Comparative genomics reveals divergent thermal selection in warm‐ and cold‐tolerant marine mussels
Authors: Popovic Iva , Riginos Cynthia
Published: December 2019

Investigating the history of natural selection among closely related species can elucidate how genomes diverge in response to disparate environmental pressures. Molecular evolutionary approaches can be integrated with knowledge of gene functions to examine how evolutionary divergence may affect ecologically relevant traits such as temperature tolerance and species distribution limits. Here, we integrate transcriptome‐wide analyses of molecular evolution with knowledge from physiological studies to develop hypotheses regarding the functional classes of genes under positive selection in one of the world's most widespread invasive species, the warm‐tolerant marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Based on existing physiological information, we test the hypothesis that genomic functions previously linked to divergent temperature adaptation at the whole‐organism level show accelerated molecular divergence between warm‐adapted M. galloprovincialis and cold‐adapted congeners. Combined results from codon model tests and analyses of polymorphism and divergence reveal that divergent selection has affected genomic functions previously associated with species‐specific expression responses to heat stress, namely oxidative stress defence and cytoskeletal stabilization. Examining specific loci implicated in thermal tolerance among Mytilus species (based on interspecific biochemical or expression patterns), we find close functional similarities between known thermotolerance candidate genes under positive selection and positively selected loci under predicted genomic functions (those associated with divergent expression responses). Taken together, our findings suggest a contribution of temperature‐dependent selection in the molecular divergence between warm‐ and cold‐adapted Mytilus species that is largely consistent with results from physiological studies. More broadly, this study provides an example of how independent experimental evidence from ecophysiological investigations can inform evolutionary hypotheses about molecular adaptation in closely related nonmodel species.
Selection in context: The importance of clarity, transparency and evidence in achieving widening participation goals
Authors: Rees Eliot , Woolf Katherine
Published: December 2019

The authors use the example of ‘contextual admissions’ in the UK to demonstrate the importance of clarity, transparency and evidence for overcoming myths that surround fair and equitable selection.
Myths in medicine: How did we get here?
Authors: Dehmoobad Sharifabadi Anahita , Clarkin Chantalle , Doja Asif
Published: December 2019

The authors illustrate the role of myth propagation in medical education and its consequences for shaping our belief system and future research.
Periodontics in the USA: An introduction
Authors: Ryder Mark I.
Published: December 2019

The United States continues to be an incubator for new concepts and approaches to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of periodontal diseases. This volume of Periodontology 2000 presents some of these newer areas of research and paradigms that have emerged in the United States from both long‐established and new investigators. These areas include: (1) more comprehensive approaches to assessing the total periodontal microbiome, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and their interactions with both the local and systemic inflammatory and immune responses, as well as with other oral and systemic conditions and diseases; (2) new developments for a more comprehensive characterization of the patient genome, transcriptome, and proteome profiles and the role of these profiles in periodontal disease pathogenesis; (3) new developments in nonsurgical approaches to periodontal diseases, including broad‐based lines of attack using natural antimicrobials and host‐modulation therapies and more focused approaches that target specific interactions in the host response; and (4) new big data analysis, machine learning, and imaging approaches, both for understanding the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases and for developing improved risk‐assessment tools and better treatment outcomes.
The impact of diabetes on periodontal diseases
Authors: Graves Dana T. , Ding Zhenjiang , Yang Yingming
Published: December 2019

The susceptibility and severity of periodontal diseases is made more severe by diabetes, with the impact on the disease process inversely proportional to the level of glycemic control. Although type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus have different etiologies, and their impact on bone is not identical, they share many of the same complications. Studies in animals and humans agree that both forms of diabetes increase inflammatory events in periodontal tissue, impair new bone formation, and increase expression of RANKL in response to bacterial challenge. High levels of glucose, reactive oxygen species, and advanced glycation end‐products are found in the periodontium of diabetic individuals and lead to increased activation of nuclear factor‐kappa B and expression of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor and interleukin‐1. Studies in animals, moreover, suggest that there are multiple cell types in periodontal tissues that are affected by diabetes, including leukocytes, vascular cells, mesenchymal stem cells, periodontal ligament fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes. The etiology of periodontal disease involves the host response to bacterial challenge that is affected by diabetes, which increases the expression of RANKL and reduces coupled bone formation. In addition, the inflammatory response also modifies the oral microbiota to render it more pathogenic, as demonstrated by increased inflammation and bone loss in animals where bacteria are transferred from diabetic donors to germ‐free hosts compared with transfer from normoglycemic donors. This approach has the advantage of not relying upon limited knowledge of the specific bacterial taxa to determine pathogenicity, and examines the overall impact of the microbiota rather than the presumed pathogenicity of a few bacterial groups. Thus, animal studies have provided new insights into pathogenic mechanisms that identify cause‐and‐effect relationships that are difficult to perform in human studies.
A bibliometric analysis of Periodontology 2000
Authors: Ahmad Paras , Asif Jawaad Ahmed , Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Slots Jørgen
Published: December 2019

The continually high impact factor of Periodontology 2000 (7.861 for 2018), the level of which is unprecedented among dental journals, prompted the present bibliometric analysis of the Journal. Since the inception of Periodontology 2000 in 1993 and until July 2019, the top 100 most‐cited articles have received a total of 21,276 (Web of Science), 23,009 (Elsevier's Scopus), and 43,518 (Google Scholar) citations. The citations of the 100 most‐cited articles were found to vary from 118 to 827 (Web of Science), 10 to 1069 (Scopus), and 15 to 2028 (Google Scholar). Three articles had more than 600 (Web of Science) citations, 5 had between 400 and 600 citations, 25 had between 200 and 400 citations, and 67 had between 100 and 200 citations. The first authors of the 100 most‐cited articles were based in the USA (51%), Switzerland (14%), and Australia (10%). The 5 dental institutions with the most frequently cited articles were The Forsyth Institute, USA (9 articles), The University of Queensland, Australia (8 articles), University of Bern, Switzerland (7), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA (6 articles), and University of Washington, USA, and Temple University School of Dentistry, USA (5 articles each). The likely reason for the high impact factor of Periodontology 2000 is publication of insightful and timely review articles produced by eminent researchers and clinicians from a wide range of dental institutions and countries.
On Earth as it is in heaven: A study of nineteenth‐century religious communal experiments in the United States
Authors: Hart Amy
Published: December 2019

This article provides an introduction to the scholarship on religious communal experiments in nineteenth‐century United States for scholars and students of history. The author approaches this scholarship from the perspective of a historian, thus primarily exploring historians' scholarship on these communities. In a similar vein, this article highlights historical communities, as opposed to those utopias that remained exclusively within the literary genre. This article first explains the history of communal studies scholarship and its traditional focus on the “big three” communities: Oneida, the Shakers, and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter‐Day Saints, previously referred to as the Mormons. The article then explores the evolution of the scholarship since the mid‐twentieth century, including the implementation of new historical methodologies and emphases on race and gender in the study of these communities. Finally, this article looks toward the future of communal studies scholarship, anticipating the next direction this scholarship will take.
The epidemiology of platelet transfusions: an analysis of platelet use at 12 US hospitals
Authors: Gottschall Jerome , Wu YanYun , Triulzi Darrell , Kleinman Steven , Strauss Ronald , Zimrin Ann Butler , McClure Christopher , Tan Sylvia , Bialkowski Walter , Murphy Edward , Ness Paul ,   for the NHLBI Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation (REDS‐III) Study
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND

Using the Recipient and Donor Epidemiology Study‐III (REDS‐III) recipient and donor databases, we performed a retrospective analysis of platelet use in 12 US hospitals that were participants in REDS‐III.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Data were electronically extracted from participating transfusion service and blood center computer systems and from medical records of the 12 REDS‐III hospitals. All platelet transfusions from 2013 to 2016 given to patients aged 18 years and older were included in the analysis.

RESULTS

There were 28,843 inpatients and 2987 outpatients who were transfused with 163,719 platelet products (103,371 apheresis, 60,348 whole blood derived); 93.5% of platelets were leukoreduced and 72.5% were irradiated. Forty‐six percent were transfused to patients with an International Classification of Diseases, 9th/10th Revision (ICD‐9/10) diagnosis of leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), or lymphoma. The general ward and the intensive care unit (ICU) were the most common issue locations. Only 54% of platelet transfusions were ABO identical; and 60.6% of platelet transfusions given to Rh‐negative patients were Rh positive. The most common pretransfusion platelet count range for inpatients was 20,000 to 50,000/μL, for outpatients it was 10,000 to 20,000/μL. Among ICU patients, 35% of platelet transfusion episodes had a platelet count of greater than 50,000/μL; this was only 8% for general ward and 2% for outpatients. The median posttransfusion increment, not corrected for platelet dose and/or patient size, ranged from 12,000 to 20,000/μL for inpatients, and from 17,000 to 27,000/μL for outpatients.

CONCLUSIONS

These data from one of the largest reviews of platelet transfusion practice to date provide guidance for where to focus future clinical research studies and platelet blood management programs.