bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The evolution of universal adaptations of life is driven by universal properties of matter: energy, entropy, and interaction
Authors: Cohen Irun R. , Marron Assaf
Published: September 2020

The evolution of multicellular eukaryotes expresses two sorts of adaptations: local adaptations like fur or feathers, which characterize species in particular environments, and universal adaptations like microbiomes or sexual reproduction, which characterize most multicellulars in any environment. We reason that the mechanisms driving the universal adaptations of multicellulars should themselves be universal, and propose a mechanism based on properties of matter and systems:energy,entropy, andinteraction.Energyfrom the sun, earth and beyond creates new arrangements and interactions. Metabolic networks channel some of this energy to form cooperating, interactive arrangements.Entropy, used here as a term for all forces that dismantle ordered structures (rather than as a physical quantity), acts as a selective force. Entropy selects for arrangements that resist it long enough to replicate, and dismantles those that do not.Interactions, energy-charged and dynamic, restrain entropy and enable survival and propagation of integrated living systems. This fosterssurvival-of-the-fitted– those entities that resist entropic destruction – and not only of the fittest – the entities with the greatest reproductive success. The “unit” of evolution is not a discrete entity, such as a gene, individual, or species; what evolves are collections of related interactions at multiple scales. Survival-of-the-fitted explains universal adaptations, including resident microbiomes, sexual reproduction, continuous diversification, programmed turnover, seemingly wasteful phenotypes, altruism, co-evolving environmental niches, and advancing complexity. Indeed survival-of-the-fittest may be a particular case of the survival-of-the-fitted mechanism, promoting local adaptations that express reproductive advantages in addition to resisting entropy. Survival-of-the-fitted accounts for phenomena that have been attributed to neutral evolution: in the face of entropy, there is no neutrality; all variations are challenged by ubiquitous energy and entropy, retaining those that are “fit enough”. We propose experiments to test predictions of the survival-of-the-fitted theory, and discuss implications for the wellbeing of humans and the biosphere.
Classifying colorectal cancer or colorectal polyps in endoscopic setting using convolutional neural network: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Keshtkar Kamyab , Keshtkar Abbas , Safarpour Alireza
Published: September 2020

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. Although colonoscopy screening has been proven as an effective strategy for preventing CRC unfortunately, even conventional colonoscopy by expert gastroenterologists can miss adenomas or pre-cancerous lesions in up to 25% of cases. This systematic review aimed to classify colorectal polyps (CRP) or CRC in endoscopic clinic settings using a new machine learning method, convolutional neural network (CNN).  

Methods: We will search PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE, Inspec, ProQuest, Google Scholar, Microsoft Academic Search, ScienceOpen, arXiv, and bioRxiv from 1st January 2010 to the 31th of July 2020.  Our search will not be restricted based on language or geographical area. The primary studies will be selected that have observational design (cross-sectional, case control or cohort); the study subjects will be adult patients (>= 18 years old) referred to colonoscopy clinics; and the results of their colonoscopy evaluation will be available in the form of images or videos.

The extracted data will be combined using meta-analysis of prediction models. The primary data synthesis will be performed based on area under curve-receiver operating characteristic curve and/or accuracy measures. We will use Stata version 14.2 (Statacorp; College Station, TX) for primary and secondary data synthesis.

Conclusion: The inferences of our secondary research will provide evidence to evaluate the prognostic role of CNN in discriminating CRP or CRC in colonoscopy settings.
Evaluation of batch fraction, corn silage inclusion level, and mixing duration on long particle distribution of finishing diets for beef cattle
Authors: Buckhaus Elizabeth M. , Smerchek Dathan T. , Smith Zachary K.
Published: September 2020

Background:  Differing fractions of a batch of feed, differing ingredient characteristics, and inadequate mix time can lead to non-uniformity within a mix of feed. 

Methods: The experiment was designed as a 5 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement with seven replications per simple treatment mean. Factors included: 1) batch fraction (BF; n = 5); 2) corn silage inclusion level (CSLVL; n = 2) 15% or 30% inclusion (dry matter basis); and 3) mixing duration (DR; n = 2) of 20 or 25 mixer revolutions. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design using a binomial approach. The Penn State Particle Separator was used to separate fractions of the total mixed ration (TMR).

Results: No interactions between BF, CSLVL, and DR were detected (P ≥ 0.31) for any dependent variables. There was an increase (P = 0.01) in retention on the 19 mm sieve from the first BF compared to the last BF. CSLVL altered (P = 0.01) retention on the 19 mm sieve. Increasing DR from 20 to 25 revolutions had no appreciable influence (P = 0.23) on particles greater than 19 mm.  CSLVL (P = 0.01) and DR (P = 0.01) altered particle retention on the 8 mm sieve. BF (P = 0.01), CSLVL (P = 0.01), and DR (P = 0.02), influenced particle retention on the 4 mm sieve. CSLVL impacted (P ≤ 0.01) particles remaining in the bottom pan and particles greater than 4 mm. BF (P = 0.01) and CSLVL (P = 0.01) altered particles greater than 8 mm.

Conclusions: These data indicate that BF and CSLVL fed alters particle size distribution that in turn could alter dry matter intake, dietary net energy content, and influence daily gain. Mixing DR had no appreciable influence on particle size distribution of the TMR.
Pricing and Quality Provision in a Supply Relationship: A Model of Efficient Relational Contracts
Authors: Nistor Cristina , Selove Matthew
Published: September 2020

This paper develops a model in which a supply relationship can sustain higher effort levels if firms use cross-subsidized pricing.
Um estudo panorâmico dos bolsilivros produzidos para o público masculino: O romance de mocinho
Authors: De Oliveira Carvalho Cleiry
Published: September 2020

Neste artigo apresento um panorama do romance impresso em papel-jornal e vendido no Brasil a baixo preço para consumo em massa por um público idealmente masculino. O panorama tem como fundamento a leitura de 101 romances de diferentes coleções e editoras, de seus paratextos, e de fontes secundárias. Ou seja, é um estudo do “romance de mocinho” contemporâneo, inserido em um processo de publicação globalizante; é também uma reflexão acerca da produção de entretenimento, de um lado e, do outro, dos efeitos que esse entretenimento pode provocar no consumidor. As histórias das coleções de literatura narrativa de massa visam a promover determinados interesses econômicos, sem outras preocupações, e submetem seu leitor a um bombardeio de repetições a tal ponto que acabam por criar a necessidade de consumo. As personagens dessas histórias são elaboradas de forma rígida, não mudam do começo ao fim, apenas reforçam uma identidade inicial confirmada a cada prova que ultrapassam. Após analisar os meios e fins da indústria, os esquemas formais e fabulares dessas narrativas, procurando identificar ainda seu leitor ideal, concluo que na própria fórmula literária que se estabelece nesses romances está inscrito o processo de formação de um leitor-consumidor psicologicamente dependente.
Implementation of Authentic Assessment on Mathematics Teaching: Study on Junior High School Teachers
Authors: Syaifuddin Mohammad
Published: September 2020

This study aimed at analyzing the implementation of authentic assessments and constraints faced by junior high schools' teachers in mathematics teaching. A qualitative approach was applied in the study. The data on the implementation of authentic assessments and constraints were obtained from 50 mathematics teachers in several public junior high schools in Malang City, East Java Province-Indonesia, trained by the 2013 curriculum. Documentation, questionnaires, observations, and interviews were used to collect the data. The study results showed that most teachers implemented authentic assessments in mathematics teaching as designed in the learning plan. The obstacles faced by the teachers in the implementation of the authentic assessment included the time limit and accuracy. The efforts made by the teachers varied, but the teachers tried to administer the authentic assessment properly following the demands of the curriculum.
Body Orientation and Points of Contact during Laboratory-Based Machinery Egress: Investigating Adherence to Safety Guidelines
Authors: Kingston David C. , Bashiri Behzad , Omoniyi Abisola , Trask Catherine M.
Published: September 2020

Highlights

Most of the experienced operators performed machine egress facing out from the cab.

Egress was 2.5 s longer when facing in toward the machine, but no differences were observed in points of contact maintained when compared to egress facing out.

Maintaining at least three points of contact during egress was observed for only approximately 30% of egress duration.

A one-hour exposure to whole-body vibration did not change points of contact behavior nor egress duration when performing egress while facing out.

Abstract. Mobile farm machinery operators are at a high risk of injury when entering (ingress) and exiting (egress) the cabs of such machinery due to slips and falls. Safety organizations and equipment manufacturers have delivered a consistent message: operators are to egress machines facing in, toward the access path, and maintain three points of contact at all times. This study used a laboratory-based model of a mid-sized agricultural tractor to determine adherence to best practices for safety and the effect of acute whole-body vibration exposure on compliance. The majority of 19 experienced operators (16 male, 3 female) performed machinery egress facing out from the cab because descending while facing in toward the machine took 2.5 s longer. Maintaining at least three points of contact during egress was observed for only approximately 30% of egress duration, but was as high as approximately 41% for participants who self-selected the facing-in orientation. Exposure to 1 h of whole-body vibration did not change points of contact behavior nor trial duration when performing egress while facing out. Overall, the model cab used in this study had safety features similar to a real-world machine, indicating that there may be opportunities in access path or cab door design to promote increased points of contact use. Future work is needed to accurately assess three-dimensional movement patterns and external forces for disease and injury risk models. Keywords: Access path, Farm machinery, Safety guidelines, Occupational injury.
UMA ARTICULAÇÃO ENTRE A ESTRUTURA DA REDE DE SUPORTE E AS IDEIAS COMPARTILHADAS SOBRE RESPONSABILIDADE SOCIAL EMPRESARIAL NA REDE LIDERA
Authors: Silva Marcela Cox dos Santos , Paula Sílvio Luiz de , Oliveira Lúcia Maria Barbosa de , Régis Hélder Pontes
Published: September 2020

Este trabalho identifica as características de uma rede denominada Lidera, constituída por gestores empresariais interessadosno fenômeno da responsabilidade social empresarial (RSE). Buscou-se descrever os aspectos estruturais da rede e analisar ossignificados compartilhados pelos gestores, com base nos estudos de capital social de Nahapiet e Ghoshal (1998) e no modelode RSE de Quazi e O’Brien (2000). Esta pesquisa utilizou métodos quantitativos para a análise da estrutura da rede e qualitativospara a dos significados compartilhados pelos atores. Concluiu-se que a rede em questão possui grande potencial de conexão eque os entrevistados têm visão moderna da RSE, além de compartilharem outros significados, os quais representam sentimentosde identidade, de colaboração, de solidariedade e de exemplo, por meio de condutas positivas. Constatou-se também que oslaços considerados fortes são capazes de influenciar positivamente os indivíduos para o seu envolvimento com ações de RSE.
O ESTUDO DO DESENVOLVIMENTO REGIONAL: UMA ANÁLISE DA PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA INTERNACIONAL E DOS “HOT-TOPICS”
Authors: Xavier Thiago Reis , Inácio Raoni de Oliveira , Wittmann Milton Luiz , Kern Juliana
Published: September 2020

Este estudo tem como objetivo realizar um levantamento sobre as publicações acerca do desenvolvimento regional noperíodo de 2001 a 2011. Além de procurar identificar hot-topics, ou seja, assuntos comumente relacionados à temáticacentral do estudo. A coleta de dados ocorreu na base ISI Web of Science e a análise se baseou nos cálculos dos índices h-b e m. Os resultados apresentam um progressivo aumento do número de publicações a partir de 2007. O idioma inglêsé o predominante, sendo os Estados Unidos a origem da maior quantidade de estudos. Dentre os temas considerados hot-topics estão: economy, strategy, networks, innovation, cluster, globalization, institution e governance.
ANÁLISE DOS EFEITOS DA INTERVENÇÃO GOVERNAMENTAL NA COMPETITIVIDADE DA PRODUÇÃO DE SOJA EM GRÃOS NO MATO GROSSO DO SUL
Authors: Fagundes Mayra Batista Bitencourt , Araújo Caroline Giusti de , Mortari Valéria Silva , Rebelo Fábio Santos , Rodrigues Patricia
Published: September 2020

Este artigo objetivou analisar a competitividade da cadeia produtiva de soja no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Foi adotada a metodologia quantitativa desenvolvida por meio de um estudo exploratório, de forma que o método instrumental utilizado no estudo foi a Matriz de Análise de Política (MAP) a fim de mostrar o benefício da intervenção governamental no mercado agrícola. Os resultados gerados indicam que, embora o Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul seja competitivo, é possível ampliar o desenvolvimento regional mediante a atratividade de indústrias pertencentes à cadeia de soja, por meio de políticas públicas. Com isso, conclui-se que a melhoria da competitividade sul-mato-grossense seria estendida pela ampliação da intervenção estatal, principalmente no que se refere à equiparação do ICMS, expandindo, assim, os horizontes da economia do Estado.
Modeling of a picosecond CO2 amplifier with electrical and optical pumping
Authors: Li Xiang , Song Yuyan , Xia Ran , Hu Cong , Qin Yingxiong , Tang Xiahui
Published: September 2020

As a long-wavelength laser with strong energy storage capacity and large scale of amplification, the

C
O

2

laser is considered an effective amplifier in the next-generation picosecond terawatt infrared laser system, but the pulse splitting effect caused by its discrete gain spectrum limits its behavior. In this paper, we have developed a specific model of a

C
O

2

amplifier, which is optically and electrically pumped at the same time. The model is based on gas discharge that is combined with photon absorption, temperature, and wave equation. The proposed hybrid pumped

C
O

2

amplifier scheme can increase the gain proportion of the sequence band transition (

0

0

0

2

-

10

0

1

,

0

0

0

3

-

10

0

2

, etc.) from 12% to nearly 50% of the regular band and broaden the bandwidth of each line by over 15.8% by the overlap of the sequence band and regular band. The relative energy concentration of the first subpulse can be increased by up to 190% when the amplification factor reaches

1

0

3

. The study on the model of a picosecond

C
O

2

amplifier with electrical and optical pumping may contribute to the amplification of an ultrafast mid-infrared pulse to the terawatt or higher region.
Spectroscopy and efficient laser operation of cleaving Yb:KY(MoO4)2 crystal
Authors: Volokitina Anna , Loiko Pavel , Pavlyuk Anatoly , Serres Josep Maria , Slimi Sami , Salem Ezzedine Ben , Kifle Esrom , Griebner Uwe , Petrov Valentin , Wang Li , Chen Weidong , Solé Rosa Maria , Aguiló Magdalena , Díaz Francesc , Mateos Xavier
Published: September 2020

We report on the first laser operation of ytterbium-doped potassium yttrium double molybdate crystal (Yb:KY(MoO4)2). Single-crystals containing 3 at.% Yb3+-ions were grown by the low temperature gradient Czochralski method. The crystal structure (orthorhombic, sp. gr. D142h – Pbna) was refined with the Rietveld method. Yb:KY(MoO4)2 exhibits a layered structure leading to a strong optical anisotropy and a perfect cleavage along the crystallographic (100) plane. The maximum stimulated-emission cross-section amounts to 3.70×10−20 cm2 at 1008.0 nm with an emission bandwidth of 37 nm (for light polarization
E
||
b
). The Stark splitting is determined at 6 K. Continuous-wave laser operation is achieved in a thin Yb:KY(MoO4)2 crystal plate (thickness: 286 µm) under diode pumping. The microchip laser generated a maximum output power of 0.81 W at 1021-1044 nm with a slope efficiency of 76.4% and polarized emission. Yb:KY(MoO4)2 crystal lamellae / plates are attractive for sub-ns passively Q-switched microchip lasers and thin-disk lasers.
Effects of Compression Stockings on the Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Astilia Astilia , Bandiara Ria , Kosasih Cecep Eli , Ibrahim Kusman
Published: September 2020

Background: Obstruction Sleep Apnea (OSA) in hemodialysis patients is a sleep disorder that involves stopping or decreasing air flow to breathe during sleep due to excess fluid in the leg. Compression Stockings (CS) with 30-40 mmHg are high pressure elastic stockings that are assumed to reduce foot fluid accumulation during the day and to prevent overnight fluid shifting to the neck.Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effects of 30-40 mmHg CS on the risk of OSA in hemodialysis patients.Method: This research used a quasi-experimental pre-posttest with control group design. A purposive sampling was applied to recruit as many as 68 hemodialysis patients. The risk score of OSA was measured using STOP Bang questionnaire. High pressure CS were given for one week to the intervention group with two OSA measurements on the 4th and 7th days. The data then were analyzed using the Post Hoc Wilcoxon test and the Mann Whitney test.Results: There was a significant difference between the risk score for OSA before and after the use of 30-40 mmHg Compression Stocking in the intervention group on day 4 (p=0.000) and day 7 (p=0.000) compared to the control group.Conclusion:  High pressure CS decreased the risk of OSA in hemodialysis patients by avoiding fluid retention in the legs, thus preventing fluid shifting to the neck. CS should be recommended as an alternative to prevent the risk of OSA in hemodialysis patients.
Recenzja naukowa książki o. prof. dra hab. Jarosława Kupczaka OP pt. «Amoris laetitia». Konflikt interpretacji, W drodze, Poznań 2020, s. 288
Authors: Olczyk Maciej
Published: September 2020

Recenzja naukowa książki o. prof. dra hab. Jarosława Kupczaka OP pt. «Amoris laetitia». Konfl ikt interpretacji, W drodze, Poznań 2020, s. 288
Aproximación conceptual de las competencias en el contexto educativo
Authors: Guío Gutiérrez Fernando
Published: September 2020

El concepto de competencias se ha venido trasladando del ámbito empresarial a las instituciones educativas, fundamentalmente hacia la educación superior, que busca procesos educativos de calidad en oposición a los modelos establecidos tradicionalmente fundamentados en la transmisión de la información, centradas en el docente y su conocimiento, con poca intervención activa de los estudiantes. Sin embargo, en el entorno académico se han establecido una serie de conceptos sobre las competencias que generan comprensiones equivocadas del término. En este sentido, se propone una aproximación conceptual y algunas reflexiones sobre el desarrollo del enfoque basado en competencias en la institución educativa.
Aportes de una metodología lúdica al aprendizaje de los estudiantes que cursan la cátedra de morfofisiología en la facultad de cultura física, deporte y recreación
Authors: Narváez Duarte Melisa Andrea , Macías Nova Juan Pablo , Acosta Corredor Duvan Felipe , Fonseca Zamora Francisco Javier , Ruíz González Lady Johanna
Published: September 2020

Objetivo:El proyecto se enfoca en establecer los aportes derivados de una metodología lúdica en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes que cursan la cátedra de Morfofisiología en la Facultad de Cultura Física, Deporte y Recreación de la Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá. Método: La investigación cuenta con un enfoque mixto: de tipo explicativo y micro-etnográfico, con una muestra poblacional compuesta por 24 estudiantes pertenecientes al curso de Morfofisiología 2D 2018-1. Resultados:En la fase cuantitativa se pretendía un incremento en las calificaciones de los estudiantes en esta cátedra, pero éste no fue significativo para el estudio; mientras que en la fase cualitativa se identificaron aportes relacionados con la importancia de un ambiente motivador y que genere felicidad en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes, facilitando con éste la cohesión grupal y los procesos asociativos por medio del juego. Conclusión: La combinación entre la educación tradicional y la lúdica son potenciadores en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.
Comparison of ultrasonography and X-ray test for lateral malleolar fracture in ankle sprain
Authors: FeizDisfani Hamideh , Bolvardi Ehsan , Shourabi Mohadeseh , Sharifi Mohammad Davood , Mousavi Seyed Mohammad , Farzaneh Roohie
Published: September 2020

Introduction: The use of ultrasonography for diagnosing musculoskeletal injuries, especially fractures, in the emergency department is on the rise because of its good diagnostic value. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of bedside ultrasonography in detecting the patients suffering from lateral malleolar fractures with an ankle sprain mechanism.

Methods: This prospective study was conducted on patients having acute ankle injuries with ankle sprain mechanism and diagnosed with lateral malleolar tenderness. All patients underwent bedside ultrasonography with a 7.5 - 10 MHz probe by an emergency medicine specialist who was assisted by a radiologist. Next, they underwent lateral ankle and anteroposterior (AP) X-rays by another emergency medicine specialist who was blinded from the ultrasonography results. The ultrasonography and X-Ray results were then compared.

Results: A total of 244 patients participated in this study, of whom 92 (37.70%) were diagnosed with lateral malleolar fracture through bedside ultrasonography and X-Ray tests. The results showed that ultrasonography had a sensitivity of 96.84% and a specificity of 97.31%. The positive likelihood ratio (PLR) and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) were 36.07 and 0.0325, respectively, and the positive and negative predictive values of bedside ultrasonography were 95.83% and 97.98%, respectively. Finally, the results indicated a percent agreement (accuracy) of 97.13% between the two tests with Kappa coefficient of 0.94 (z = 14.68, P value < 0.01).

Conclusion: The results of this study showed that bedside ultrasonography has a high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of lateral malleolar fractures with an ankle sprain mechanism. Conducting further studies will lead to the use of this diagnostic test in the emergency department.
Factores determinantes para la atención clínica odontológica de pacientes con discapacidad
Authors: Cataño Valderrama Alejandra , Álvarez Arredondo Nathaly , Rendón Figueroa Daniela , Larrea Mejía Clara Isabel , Arce Osorio Angie Paola , Rivera Quiroz Leidys Helena
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: identificar los factores, inherentes a la práctica clínica, que determinan la atención odontológica de pacientes con discapacidad. Métodos: realización de estudio descriptivo, de alcance explicativo, cuantitativo y corte transversal; aplicación de encuesta dirigida a odontólogos que ejercen como profesionales independientes, con la cual se midieron variables de caracterización, conocimientos, habilidades, percepción, infraestructura y atención del paciente con discapacidad. También, se desarrolló un análisis descriptivo, correlacional y multivariado. Resultados: no todos los odontólogos recibieron formación para la atención clínica de personas con discapacidad; algunos conocen los métodos de comunicación alternativa y aumentativa y, de estos, una mayoría representativa no los sabe manejar. Sobre la infraestructura, se identificó que esta cumple parcialmente con la normatividad y que la mayoría de los profesionales se sienten medianamente preparados para llevar a cabo esta atención, por lo que el 67,3% (99) afirmó atender esta población con sus protocolos clínicos habituales, pero, el 83,7% (123) manifestó brindar la atención solo en casos de urgencia odontológica. Los factores que determinan la atención del paciente con discapacidad están relacionados con la cantidad de pacientes asistentes, las experiencias negativas previas, las habilidades en el manejo de la consulta, la sensación de preparación y los años de experiencia clínica. Conclusiones: las experiencias negativas previas en la práctica clínica con pacientes con discapacidad son determinantes; para su disminución se sugiere la urgente implementación de técnicas comunicativas, la adecuación de infraestructura y el desarrollo de habilidades para la atención integral e inclusiva.
Porphyromonas gingivalis ligada a enfermedad periodontal y su relación con la artritis reumatoide: identificación de nuevos mecanismos biomoleculares
Authors: Vergara Serpa Oscar Vicente , Cortina Gutiérrez Alonso , Serna Otero Diego Antonio , Zuluaga Salazar José Fernando , Reyes Jaraba Carlos Andres
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: revisar la literatura científica existente con respecto a la patogenicidad de Porphyromonas gingivalis, ligada a enfermedad periodontal (EP) (disbiosis oral), y su asociación con la activación de mecanismos fisiopatológicos en la artritis reumatoide (AR), a fin de exponer los nuevos mecanismos biomoleculares implicados. Métodos: búsqueda sistemática en la base de datos del Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), PubMed, Science Direct, Nature y Google académico usando las palabras clave: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; artritis reumatoide; citrulinación; disbiosis; odontología; periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis y reumatología. De un total de 297 publicaciones, se seleccionaron 52, todas a partir del año 2018; la selección fue hecha a partir de los criterios de inclusión y exclusión establecidos por los autores. Resultados: la infección por Porphyromonas gingivalis, ligada a la EP, está fuertemente implicada en la patogénesis y desarrollo de AR. Su relación se vincula con el proceso de citrulinación y producción de anticuerpos antipéptidos citrulinados. Se han identificado asociaciones entre la virulencia microbiana de dicho agente y la expresión de múltiples genes, relacionados con la activación de la respuesta inmune y el inicio del proceso inflamatorio crónico. Conclusiones: existe una alta asociación entre la patogenia de ambas enfermedades, donde microorganismos ligados a la EP, como Porphyromonas gingivalis, tienen la capacidad de aumentar la citrulinación, galactosilación, fucosilación, así como la excesiva glicosilación de Fragmentos de unión al antígeno (Fab), y por lo tanto, la agresividad de la AR.
El uso de Fotovoz para comparar actividades recreativas en cuatro comunidades costarricenses en vulnerabilidad social
Authors: Juniu Susana , Salazar Salas Carmen Grace
Published: September 2020

Entre los años 2017 y 2019 se realizó un proyecto de investigación cualitativa con cuatro estudios independientes, uno por comunidad en vulnerabilidad social, de la provincia de San José, Costa Rica: Los Cuadros de Purral de Goicoechea, Dos Cercas de Damas de Desamparados, Tirrases de Curridabat y Alajuelita (San Felipe, Concepción y Alajuelita Centro). El propósito del proyecto fue analizar, mediante la metodología de Fotovoz, las actividades recreativas que realizaban grupos de mujeres y sus comunidades, así como los factores contextuales que facilitaban o dificultaban su participación recreativa. Este artículo tiene como objetivo compartir la comparación de los resultados de los cuatro estudios. En total, 23 mujeres tomaron fotografías durante dos semanas y seleccionaron las 16 imágenes que mejor representaban sus experiencias. Cada grupo comunitario analizó y categorizó sus fotos. Para este artículo, los temas que habían surgido en las cuatro localidades fueron analizados por las investigadoras con el método de comparación constante y el análisis de contenido. Como resultado, se obtuvieron cuatro temas nuevos generales que correspondían a factores que promovían la recreación, cinco barreras que la dificultaban y nueve tipos de actividades recreativas disfrutadas en las comunidades. No todos los temas nuevos se evidenciaron en las cuatro localidades. Los resultados mostraron que en las cuatro comunidades la falta de higiene, la inseguridad y la falta de instalaciones o de su mantenimiento afectaban la participación en la recreación. También se halló que las comunidades recibieron apoyo de entidades locales o nacionales que favorecieron las actividades recreativas. Se concluyó que las personas de estas comunidades participaban en diversos tipos de actividades recreativas y que, en condiciones difíciles, negociaron para hacerlo, a pesar de que las barreras eran más numerosas que los factores que promovían la recreación.
Editorial
Authors: Espeleta Sibaja Annia
Published: September 2020

Editorial
A májbetegségek progresszióját meghatározó tényezők, különös tekintettel a szabad gyökös reakciókra
Authors: Hagymási Krisztina , Egresi Anna , Lengyel Gabriella , Blázovics Anna
Published: September 2020

Absztrakt:

Az idült májbetegségek a megbetegedési és halálozási statisztikák vezető okai. A
vírusfertőzések, toxikus bántalmak, anyagcsere-, autoimmun, tárolási betegségek
okozta májkárosodások, a károsító hatás tartós fennállása esetén, a máj
kötőszövetes átépüléséhez vezethetnek. A folyamat komplex, nem is minden
részletében ismert; egyértelmű szerepük van benne sejteknek, citokinek,
kemokinek felszabadulásának, bizonyos hepatokinek megváltozott elválasztásának,
a lipotoxicitásnak, a veleszületett immunitásnak, a bélmikrobiomnak, a
fémionoknak, valamint a szabad gyökös folyamatoknak is. Az idült májbetegségek
gyakran tünetszegényen zajlanak, gyakran már csak a kötőszövetes átépülés, a
májelégtelenség vagy a hepatocellularis carcinoma stádiumában kerülnek
kórismézésre, amikor a kórjóslat rossz, és a kezelési lehetőségek is
korlátozottak. A kutatások középpontját képezi olyan nem invazív, megfelelően
érzékeny és fajlagos biomarkerek megtalálása, amelyek a májbiopszia szükségét
csökkentik, a májban zajló folyamatot, a progresszióját jelezhetik, valamint a
kezelés hatását is lemérik. A szerzők ismertetik a leggyakoribb idült
májbetegségek progressziójában szerepet játszó folyamatokat, külön kitérve az
egyes kórképekben a pro/antioxidáns egyensúlyt jellemző paraméterekre,
hangsúlyozva egy kombinált biomarker szükségességét. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(35):
1441–1448.
Microbes and Other Shamanic Beings By C. E. Giraldo Herrera (2018)
Authors: Harvey Graham
Published: September 2020

Review of César Enrique Giraldo Herrera, Microbes and Other Shamanic Beings. Engages with wider scholarship about historical and contemporary shamans and animists in the Carbbean, Central and South America. Argues the medical and epidemeological knowledge aids better understanding of what shamans do. In particular, the biology of eyes and relationships with microbes propels an argument for the value of Amerindian medical and relational knowleges.
O Universo da Luz
Authors: Caruso Francisco
Published: September 2020

Resumo Procura-se abordar, neste artigo, três aspectos da luz que se complementam de alguma forma: seu papel no imaginário coletivo, os esforços feitos para descrevê-la teoricamente e algumas de suas aplicações mais notáveis, tanto no desenvolvimento da Física Básica quanto Aplicada.
Zooplankton trajectory before, during and after a hydropower dam construction
Authors: Schmidt Jaqueline , Andrade Patrícia Dammski Borges de , Padial André Andrian
Published: September 2020

Abstract: Aim Understanding the impact of anthropogenic activities is central for supporting management and conservation efforts. In aquatic ecosystems, the construction of dams for hydroelectric power plants is a major environmental change that turns the riverine ecosystem into a reservoir lake. Such environmental deep alteration causes profound impacts in biota. The goal of this study is to make a comprehensive description of zooplankton trajectory following the construction of a reservoir in the transition from the hotspot Cerrado to Amazon, Central Brazil. Methods We used data sampled before, during and after the formation of the reservoir lake in 10 sampling units each period. We evaluated compositional changes, shifts in spatial organization, and a variation in beta-diversity from before to after the dam constructions using a set of multivariate analyses. We evaluated effects for Rotifers, Copepods and Cladocerans separately. Results Compositional changes were evident for all zooplankton groups: Rotifers, Copepods and Cladocerans. Besides, spatial community organization was also affected but depending on the beta-diversity facet and data resolution – mainly turnover using abundance data, except for Copepods. Finally, an increase in nestedness occurred for all groups during the formation of the reservoir lake. Conclusions In summary, our study showed the deep impacts for zooplankton that the formation of a reservoir lake causes. We innovate by making a complete assessment, which indicate clearly the complexity of evidencing impacts in aquatic communities. We also suggest that long-term monitoring should continue in reservoirs for scientific purposes. The changes in biota also make clear that the construction of dams should be accompanied by preservation of other pristine riverine ecosystems.
Límites a la discrecionalidad del Estado español en el ejercicio de la protección diplomática
Authors: Alcoceba Gallego María Amparo
Published: September 2020

En el ordenamiento jurídico español no existe una norma jurídica que establezca expresamente la obligación para el Estado de ejercer la protección diplomática. La práctica española de protección diplomática se ha mantenido esencialmente en el modelo tradicional de Derecho internacional público, con un férreo anclaje a la discrecionalidad del Estado en el ejercicio de la protección diplomática.

Actualmente no existe un consenso entre los Estados para avanzar, en el ordenamiento internacional, en la dirección de una protección diplomática que, de conformidad con el avance en la protección internacional de los derechos humanos y la consideración de la dignidad humana como valor fundamental de la Comunidad internacional, debiera servir también, eficazmente, a la protección de aquellos a través de su flexibilización. No obstante, nada impide que los ordenamientos internos avancen en este sentido para que la protección diplomática evolucione como mecanismo capaz de servir, también, a la protección eficaz de los derechos fundamentales.

La SAN de 19 de diciembre de 2019 ha supuesto un punto de inflexión al respecto en nuestro país. Esta sentencia contribuye positivamente a clarificar el ejercicio de la protección diplomática en España al fijar límites en su ejercicio discrecional, afianzando la figura del Estado como garante y protector de los derechos fundamentales del individuo, en particular de sus nacionales, y afianzando también la figura del individuo como sujeto de tales derechos. De un lado, deja claro que existe una obligación para el Estado de ejercer la protección diplomática en beneficio de sus nacionales cuando, cumplidas las condiciones para su ejercicio (agotamiento de los recursos internos y nacionalidad) se produce una violación grave de derechos fundamentales; ello en coherencia con el contenido de la Carta Magna y las obligaciones para el Estado en la garantía, protección y defensa de los derechos fundamentales de los ciudadanos y en línea también con la tendencia del proyecto de la CDI. De otro lado, cuando en esos casos el Estado decide no ejercer la protección diplomática por razones de política exterior, el particular puede obtener una indemnización en la medida en que la administración española, mediante su omisión ha contribuido a consolidar el perjuicio sobre él causado por el ilícito internacional de un tercer Estado.

La sentencia exige un ejercicio de coherencia entre el comportamiento del Estado y el contenido de las obligaciones que para él se desprenden de su ordenamiento jurídico. Es responsabilidad del Estado desarrollar su comportamiento tal y como prescribe su ordenamiento jurídico. La razón de Estado no puede servir como excusa para entrar en una pasividad caprichosa y eludir las responsabilidades que le incumben en la protección de los derechos fundamentales, núcleo esencial de un Estado democrático de Derecho como el nuestro y de acuerdo con nuestra Norma Fundamental.
От объекта к среде: поиск новых подходов к устойчивому развитию исторических территорий
Authors: Карасельникова Ирина Васильевна , Стадников Виталий Эдуардович
Published: September 2020

Территории исторических центров российских городов, выпавших в советское время из фокуса градостроительных политик, становятся объектом интереса частных застройщиков. Девелопмент на этих территориях ведет к утрате полезных параметрических характеристик среды, сформированных эволюционным путем: этажности, размеров землепользования, плотности застройки и пр.

Позиция публичной власти по этому вопросу сводится преимущественно к сохранению отдельных объектов культурного наследия с помощью установления охранных зон. «Историческое поселение» как инструмент, недавно появившийся в отечественной практике, позволяет индивидуализировать подход к территориям исторических центров: задать для них регламенты регулирования параметров застройки. Однако авторы статьи придерживаются той точки зрения, что данный инструментарий не является исчерпывающим, если речь идет не просто о сохранении объектов, а о запуске процесса развития территории.

С переходом к рыночной экономике собственники недвижимости, девелоперы, горожане становятся полноправными участниками городского развития со своими стимулами и интересами. Сегодня логика «сохранения» часто противопоставляется логике «развития», так как установление жесткого параметрического регулирования в краткосрочной перспективе сопряжено со снижением частных выгод каждого из игроков. Поэтому охранные меры должны дополняться комплексом мер по стимулированию, позволяющим превратить наследие в капитализируемый актив и нивелировать разницу между частными и социальными эффектами.

В первой части статьи авторы обращаются к теории городской морфологии, дающей возможность определить потенциал, которым обладает историческая среда. Во второй части дан обзор зарубежных подходов и инструментария, используемого в процессе ревитализации исторических территорий. В третьей части авторы предлагают рассмотреть существующие российские практики с позиции горожан, девелоперов и органов власти с учетом того институционального контекста, который их окружает. В качестве иллюстрации процессов, происходящих в российских городах, выбран кейс исторического центра Самары.

Оптика нового институционализма позволяет пересмотреть подходы к оценке стимулов и эффектов, оценить вклад различных факторов в инвестиционную привлекательность территории и процесс развития в целом.
Electroporation Protocol v1
Authors: Christensen Ken
Published: September 2020

This protocol may be used with electrocompetent cells prepared by you according to this protocol.
Recombinant protein expression and purification of codon-optimizedBst-LF polymerase v1
Authors: Rivera Maira , Cazaux Severine , Cerda Ariel , Arce Medina Anibal , Núñez Isaac , Matute Tamara , Brown Alex , Gasulla Javier , Federici Fernan , A Ramirez-Sarmiento Cesar
Published: September 2020

This protocol has been optimized for the recombinant expression of a codon-optimized Bst-LF polymerase. The goal of this protocol was to eliminate the use of large volumes for dyalisis through the use of concentrators for buffer exchange before storage conditions. The plasmid encoding the codon-optimized Bst-LF enzyme used here can be found on reclone.org
PENGARUH MODEL SMALL-SIDED GAMES TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN LEADERSHIP DAN MOTIVASI SISWA
Authors: Lugaya Yugi Rahmanudin , Ma’mun Amung , Hendrayana Yudy
Published: September 2020

Leadership has been identified as an important life skill but less developed among young athletes. Therefore, the researcher aimed to examine the development of the leadership by taking a formal educational approach for giving experience to the sport captains. Giving a motivation is one of captain's important tasks that must be faced in regular physical education classes. A captain must implement strategies or ways to motivate students who are not motivated to get involved and also maintain the motivation of students who are already involved. In addition, captains often report that their leadership tasks are mostly organizational tasks. The main objective of this study was to find out the relationship between the small-sided games model intentionally structured and non-intentionally structured on students’ developments and to know which one is better for early adolescents (12 -15 years), in junior high school. The population of the study were 48 students of SMPN 1 Subang who took part in the extracurricular activities of the National Basketball Association. The Random Cluster Sample technique was used to select the samples. The samples were 20 students for the control group and 20 students for the experimental group. There were two instruments used, namely IMI (Intrinsic Motivation Inventory) and Leadership Instruments. The results showed that the value of the motivation of the experimental group (M = 68.7) was higher than the value of the motivation of the control group (M = 43.6). The results of the experimental group Leadership value (M = 73.1) also showed a higher value than the control group Leadership value (M = 34.2). The results of the research conclude that a structured small-sided games are effective in increasing the students’ leadership and motivation.
Separação-individuação aos pais e bem-estar psicológico em jovens adultos: Papel mediador da personalidade
Authors: Morais Maria Helena , Pinheiro Mota Catarina
Published: September 2020

As ligações estabelecidas precocemente com as figuras parentais assumem um papel importante no desenvolvimento da individuação dos jovens adultos, na construção da sua personalidade e na manifestação do bem-estar psicológico. O presente estudo tem como objetivo estudar o papel preditor da separação-individuação aos pais e da personalidade no bem-estar psicológico e, ainda, testar o papel mediador da personalidade na associação anterior. A amostra é composta por 948 sujeitos com idades entre os 18 e os 30 anos de idade. Os resultados indicam que a separação-individuação aos pais positiva prediz positivamente o bem-estar psicológico e a personalidade emocionalmente ajustada. Por outro lado, o neuroticismo prediz negativamente o bem-estar psicológico. A personalidade emocionalmente ajustada assume um papel de mediação total na associação entre a separação-individuação na mãe positiva e no bem-estar psicológico. Por sua vez, a personalidade emocionalmente ajustada assumiu uma mediação parcial na associação entre a separação-individuação no pai positiva e o bem-estar psicológico.
Adaptação das versões completa e breve da Escala de Relação Coparental (ERC) em uma amostra comunitária de pais e mães portugueses
Authors: Costa Pedro Alexandre , Garcia Inês Queiroz , Tasker Fiona , Leal Isabel
Published: September 2020

A Escala de Relação Coparental (ERC) é uma das medidas mais utilizadas para avaliar a relação de coparentalidade. Pretendeu-se avaliar as propriedades psicométricas das versões completa e breve da ERC numa amostra comunitária de 779 pais e mães portugueses, com idades entre os 23 e os 65 anos (M = 42.73; DP = 5.27). As análises fatoriais confirmatórias forneceram evidências de um bom ajustamento dos dados, fiabilidade interna e validade convergente, ainda que em ambas as versões tenha sido eliminada a dimensão Divisão de tarefas parentais. Quando à validade discriminante, duas das sete dimensões – Acordo nas práticas parentais e Suporte coparental – não evidenciaram validade discriminante. A validade concorrente também foi testada e confirmada através das correlações entre das dimensões da ERC e as dimensões da RDAS (ajustamento diádico) e do SDQ (ajustamento infantil).
Cognitive behavioural therapy in virtual reality treatments across mental health conditions: a systematic review
Authors: Dilgul Merve , Martinez Jasmine , Laxhman Neelam , Priebe Stefan , Bird Victoria
Published: September 2020

Background. Virtual reality (VR) has been effectively used in the treatment of many mental health disorders.However, significant gaps exist in the literature. There is no treatment framework for researchers to use whendeveloping new VR treatments. One recommended treatment across a range of diagnoses, which may be suitablefor use in VR treatments, is Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). The aim of this systematic review is to investigateCBT treatment methods that utilize VR to treat mental health disorders.
Objectives. To investigate how CBT has been used in VR to treat mental health disorders and to report onthe treatment characteristics (number of sessions, duration, and frequency) that are linked to effective andineffective trials.
Methods. Studies were included if patients had a mental health diagnosis and their treatment included immersiveVR technology and CBT principles. Data were extracted in relation to treatment characteristics and outcomes,and analysed using narrative synthesis.
Results. Ninety-three studies were analysed. Exposure-based VR treatments were mainly used to treat anxietyrelated disorders. Treatments generally consisted of eight sessions, once a week for approximately one hour.VR treatments were commonly equal to or more effective than traditional face-to-face methods. No specifictreatment characteristics were linked to this effectiveness.
Conclusion. The number, frequency and duration of the VR treatment sessions identified in this review, couldbe used as a treatment framework by researchers and clinicians. This could potentially save researchers timeand money when developing new interventions.
TO THE CASUISTICS OF GLUTTONY
Authors: Belilovsky K. A.
Published: September 2020

Not without some embarrassment, I begin to present the stories of the nine gluttonies I performed in Siberia - this is for the reason that I have to make my message in society, many members of which have long passed between the hundredth ovaryotomy and forever immortalized their name, linking it with in one way or another operative way, generally with the history of chavosexual in our country. But my cases, if they are not of particular interest for a specialist, a gynecologist-surgeon, then, I hope, they will be presented as such for those doctors who, like me for 6 years, every day, by force of necessity, are forced to provide medical assistance to all who turn to them sick, whatever diseases they may be obsessed with.
On the issue of multiple pregnancy. Birth by triplets
Authors: Rutkovskiy A.
Published: September 2020

D. 23 years old, married 29 years old; menstruation from 14 years after 31/2 weeks, but 3-5 days. The size of the pelvis is 25, 27, 30, 37; growth 253. 3 years ago urgent normal childbirth with one child. In the middle of March 1991, the last regulations, fetal movements do not remember. December 11, 1892 gave birth to triplets.