bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceptions and outcomes of a nationwide remote pharmacy mentorship program
Authors: Wheeler Sarah E. , Kiser Katie , Lipari Melissa , Majerczyk Daniel , Pritchard R. Iain , Bansal Swati , McDanel Deanna
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Mentorship is crucial for professional development in health care. However, the outcomes of national remote mentorship programs in pharmacy remain largely unexplored. This study evaluates the perceptions and experiences of student pharmacists, residents, fellows, and nontrainee pharmacists in such a program.

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the perceptions and outcomes of a nationwide remote pharmacy mentorship program designed for student pharmacists, residents, and fellows. It explores the efficacy, benefits, and barriers within a national pharmacy professional organization mentorship program.

Methods

The mentor and mentee experiences in the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) Ambulatory Care Practice and Research Network (PRN) from program years 2019–2022 were assessed using an anonymous online survey, employing a mixed‐methods approach. The survey featured quantitative Likert scale and qualitative free‐response questions. In addition, publicly available online sources provided data for postprogram placement outcomes of learner participants in the program. Summary statistics were computed from the quantitative data, and content analysis was applied to the qualitative data.

Results

Of the 356 invited program participants, 48 mentors (32.7%) and 18 mentees (8.6%) responded to the survey. Most respondents agreed or strongly agreed on the program's effectiveness, contributing to a high postprogram placement rate in residencies and ambulatory care positions, emphasizing the program's success in supporting career progression. Respondents recognized significant benefits like career development and professional satisfaction. Notable demographic disparities, especially in age, gender, and race, were observed among participants. The study also identified logistical challenges that impeded the program's full potential.

Conclusion

Despite limitations, including a low number of responses, the study revealed that remote mentorship may positively affect professional development and well‐being. The data supports the program‐impacted respondent involvement and professional growth. Moreover, these findings suggest the need for further research to address the program barriers and disparities in participation.
Intravenous Immunoglobulin offers temporary improvement in acquired von Willebrand syndrome due to monoclonal gammopathy: A case report
Authors: Zablonski Kevin G. , Rajkumar Aarthi , Nayak Lalitha
Published: June 2024

Acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS) is a bleeding disorder in which an underlying condition induces a quantitative or qualitative deficiency in the von Willebrand factor. This case demonstrates the rare diagnosis of AVWS due to an Immunoglobulin G monoclonal gammopathy in an elderly woman who presented with significant gastrointestinal bleeding. Originally thought to be type 1 von Willebrand disease, this case provides a cautious example to clinicians that without a detailed history or an understanding of the associated laboratory work‐up, AVWS may be missed with potentially fatal consequences. Fortunately, AVWS was recognized and treated with intravenous immunoglobulin with a resolution of bleeding.
Managing coopetition dynamics: A longitudinal study of a multiparty alliance formation in a large utilities project
Authors: Taubeneder Renate , Roehrich Jens K. , Tyler Beverly B. , Squire Brian , Gnyawali Devi R.
Published: June 2024

Multiparty alliances (MPAs) are increasingly used to deliver large utilities infrastructure projects on‐time, on‐budget, and to specified quality. In theory, MPAs should help buyers to coordinate suppliers, enable concurrent scheduling, and create process innovations. On the other hand, these governance structures are inherently less stable than dyadic relationships due to their additional complexity and greater opportunities for free riding. We conduct a multi‐source, longitudinal study, investigating how a buyer actively manages the dynamics between competition and cooperation during the formation of an MPA consisting of a lead organization and directional relationships between all partners. We contribute to MPA and coopetition literature by exploring cooperation and competition dynamics that are associated with the MPA structure that would largely be absent in dyads, and unpack the process by which a buyer orchestrates these dynamics by sequentially introducing new initiatives that seek to balance coopetition. MPAs have been recommended by governments and industry bodies as one solution for time and cost overruns in the utilities infrastructure sector, our study also provides guidance to buyers on the management of the alliance during the critical formation stage of the relationship lifecycle.
Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound‐Guided Endoscopic Retrograde Appendicitis Treatment—A Pilot Study on the Diagnostic and Therapeutic Efficacy in Uncomplicated Appendicitis
Authors: Chen Zekun , Li Xingcai , Chen Jingfang , Zheng Weikun , Li Yaya , Dai Zeyi , Yao Caifang , Lin Feng , Chen Xiaokang
Published: June 2024

Objective

To determine the diagnostic and therapeutic value of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound‐guided endoscopic retrograde appendicitis treatment (ERAT) in patients with uncomplicated appendicitis.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed on clinical and ultrasound data collected from 105 pediatric patients with uncomplicated appendicitis between January 2020 and December 2023. The ultrasound findings before and after treatment, as well as postoperative follow‐up and recurrence rates, were summarized and analyzed.

Results

Successful intubation was achieved in 96 patients (91.4%). The conventional ultrasound appendix visualization rate was 39.6% (38/105), while the appendix visualization rate after contrast‐enhanced ultrasound‐guidance was 75% (72/105). Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound revealed various appendiceal morphologic changes in 89 patients, such as twisting, tortuosity, stiffness, rough inner wall, dilated diameter, and narrowing of the lumen. Additionally, local filling defects, which indicated the presence of fecal stones or debris deposition, were noted in 68 patients. No leakage of the contrast agent occurred. Post‐treatment evaluation showed improvement in appendiceal diameter, lumen, and filling defects (P < .01). The follow‐up rate was 82 of 89 patients (92.1%), all of whom recovered well without a recurrence. The recurrence rate was 7.9% (7/89). Among the patients with recurrences, five patients resolved after medical treatment and two patients recovered after surgical treatment.

Conclusion

Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound‐guided ERAT for uncomplicated appendicitis is safe and effective. Specifically, the appendix is increased, which facilitates an evaluation of therapeutic effectiveness. ERAT serves as a valuable supplementary modality to determine the need for surgical treatment of acute appendicitis, which is of significant clinical value.
Temperature, water travel time, and dissolved organic matter structure river microbial communities in a large temperate watershed
Authors: Bambakidis Ted , Crump Byron C. , Yoon Byungman , Kyzivat Ethan D. , Aho Kelly S. , Leal Charles F. , Fair Jennifer H. , Stubbins Aron , Wagner Sasha , Raymond Peter A. , Hosen Jacob D.
Published: June 2024

There is growing evidence that the composition of river microbial communities gradually transitions from terrestrial taxa in headwaters to unique planktonic and biofilm taxa downstream. Yet, little is known about fundamental controls on this community transition across scales in river networks. We hypothesized that community composition is controlled by flow‐weighted travel time of water, in combination with temperature and dissolved organic matter (DOM), via similar mechanisms postulated in the Pulse‐Shunt Concept for DOM. Bacterioplankton and biofilm samples were collected at least quarterly for 2 yr at 30 sites throughout the Connecticut River watershed. Among hydrologic variables, travel time was a better predictor of both bacterioplankton and biofilm community structure than watershed area, dendritic distance, or discharge. Among all variables, both bacterioplankton and biofilm composition correlated with travel time, temperature, and DOM composition. Bacterioplankton beta‐diversity was highest at shorter travel times (< 1 d) and decreased with increasing travel time, showing progressive homogenization as water flows downstream. Bacterioplankton and biofilm communities were similar at short travel times, but diverged as travel time increased. Bacterioplankton composition at downstream sites more closely resembled headwater communities when temperatures were cooler and travel times shorter. These findings suggest that the pace and trajectory of riverine bacterioplankton community succession may be controlled by temperature‐regulated growth rate and time for communities to grow and change. Moreover, bacterioplankton, and to a lesser extent biofilm, may experience the same hydrologic forcing hypothesized in the Pulse‐Shunt Concept for DOM, suggesting that hydrology controls the dispersal of microbial communities in river networks.
Patients presenting with musculoskeletal disorders in the emergency department: A qualitative study of their experiences when cared by advanced practice physiotherapists in the province of Québec
Authors: Blondin Juliette , Desmeules François , Matifat Eveline , Kechichian Amélie
Published: June 2024

Background

Advanced practice physiotherapy (APP) models of care are promising to alleviate pressure in emergency departments (EDs) where physiotherapists' new roles include being a first‐contact practitioner and leading the overall care and management of patients with minor musculoskeletal disorders (MSKDs) to alleviate ED physicians' caseload.

Purpose

To explore patients' acceptability, experience, satisfaction, and perception of a new APP‐led model of care in the ED.

Methods

Patients presenting to the ED with a minor MSKD and who agreed to participate in a multicenter, pan‐Canadian randomized controlled trial assessing the efficacy and costs of an APP model of care were invited to participate in this qualitative study. Semi‐structured interviews were performed to identify themes related to their experiences with this model. Verbatim transcripts were coded and analysed using an inductive thematic analysis.

Results

11 patients participated and three themes were identified: 1‐ They were satisfied with the care received within the model; 2‐ They found APPs to have the appropriate skill set to manage MSKDs and to assume medical‐delegated tasks; 3‐ Timely access to care was a key factor in the acceptability of this model and participants believed physiotherapists were appropriate first‐contact practitioners. One participant proposed that the APP model of care should also offer follow‐up care.

Conclusion

Participants had a positive experience of care in this new model. These results support the implementation of APP models of care in EDs as the participants appear receptive to new roles for APPs.
Semi‐implicit method of high‐index saddle dynamics and application to construct solution landscape
Authors: Luo Yue , Zhang Lei , Zhang Pingwen , Zhang Zhiyi , Zheng Xiangcheng
Published: June 2024

We analyze the semi‐implicit scheme of high‐index saddle dynamics, which provides a powerful numerical method for finding the any‐index saddle points and constructing the solution landscape. Compared with the explicit schemes of saddle dynamics, the semi‐implicit discretization relaxes the step size and accelerates the convergence, but the corresponding numerical analysis encounters new difficulties compared to the explicit scheme. Specifically, the orthonormal property of the eigenvectors at each time step could not be fully employed due to the semi‐implicit treatment, and computations of the eigenvectors are coupled with the orthonormalization procedure, which further complicates the numerical analysis. We address these issues to prove error estimates of the semi‐implicit scheme via, for example, technical splittings and multi‐variable circulating induction procedure. We further analyze the convergence rate of the generalized minimum residual solver for solving the semi‐implicit system. Extensive numerical experiments are carried out to substantiate the efficiency and accuracy of the semi‐implicit scheme in constructing solution landscapes of complex systems.
Efficacy of 18FDG‐PET/CT in Detecting Synchronous Malignancies in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Ershadifar Soroush , Larsson Jordan , Young Kurtis , Abouyared Marianne , Bewley Arnaud , Birkeland Andrew C.
Published: June 2024

Objective

To assess the diagnostic accuracy of fluorine‐18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography (18FDG‐PET/CT) in detecting second primary malignancies (SPMs) in patients with treatment naïve head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Data Sources

Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus searched from 1946 to December 2022.

Review Methods

Studies reporting the performance of 18FDG‐PET/CT in patients with treatment‐naïve, index HNSCC for detection of SPMs were included. The reference standard was histopathology, clinical follow‐up over the duration of study, and other imaging modalities. Multiple investigators completed depth full‐text analysis. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analysis guidelines were followed. Methodologic and diagnostic accuracy data were abstracted independently by multiple investigators. Risk of bias assessment was conducted using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool independently. Bivariate random‐effects model meta‐analysis and multivariable meta‐regression modeling were used.

Results

Seventeen studies examining 4624 patients with a total of 475 SPMs were included in the final analysis. Eleven studies were found to be at low risk for bias, while the rest were in the high‐risk category. 18FDG‐PET/CT demonstrated pooled sensitivity and specificity of 0.73 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.49‐0.88) and 0.99 (95% CI: 0.98‐1.00) in detecting SPMs. Further subsite analysis revealed varied diagnostic performance across different anatomical regions, with sensitivity and specificity of esophageal SPMs being 0.47 (0.30‐0.64) and 0.99 (0.98‐1.00), and sensitivity and specificity of 0.86 (0.73‐0.94) and 0.99 (0.98‐1.00) for head and neck SPMs. Finally, this imaging modality showed sensitivity and specificity of 0.92 (0.84‐0.96) and 0.99 (0.98‐1.00) for lung SPMs.

Conclusion

The findings of this study suggest varied accuracy of 18FDG‐PET/CT in detecting SPMs during initial workup for HNSCC, highlighting the importance of screening modalities such as esophagoscopy in high‐risk patients.
Percutaneous Approaches to Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation: A Pilot Study During Drug‐Induced Sleep Endoscopy
Authors: Kent David T. , Li Yike
Published: June 2024

Hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HNS) is a surgical treatment option for select patients with obstructive sleep apnea that currently requires intraoperative dissection of the hypoglossal nerve (HGN) for implantation of an electrode array. Most HNS strategies target select HGN protrusor muscle branches and exclude undesirable retractor branches. We hypothesized that the target HGN branches could instead be selectively stimulated with a percutaneously delivered electrode array under ultrasound guidance via several anatomic approaches. Five different anatomic approaches were iteratively developed and evaluated during drug‐induced sleep endoscopy across 14 patients: posterior, intraoral, anteromedial, anterolateral, and paracoronal. The paracoronal and anterolateral approaches were the most successful, with comparable changes in pharyngeal critical closing and opening pressures. Our data suggest that percutaneous delivery of an HGN electrode is feasible and may decrease the morbidity of HNS therapy implantation. Further work is necessary to ascertain what anatomic approach is optimal for percutaneous electrode delivery.
Comprehensive diagnostic model of metastasis in prostate cancer: Individual and combined bioscore model of ADC value, Gleason score, and PSA
Authors: Asafu Adjaye Frimpong George , Aboagye Evans , Owusu‐Afriyie Osei , Gyasi‐Sarpong Kofi Christian , Asare Adwoa , Adofo Charles Kwame , Akpaloo Bernard Delali , Asante Emmanuel , Osei‐Bonsu Ernest
Published: June 2024

Prostate cancer (PCa) metastasis significantly influences treatment decisions and prognosis. This study evaluated the individual and combined diagnostic ability of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), Gleason score and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) in detecting metastasis. The study included data from 120 biopsy‐confirmed PCa patients treated from 2019 to 2023. Whole‐body MRI images, incorporating high‐resolution T2 and axial DWI sequences, were evaluated by experienced radiologists. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and logistic regression models were used to assess the diagnostic performance of ADC, Gleason score, and PSA in detecting metastasis. The prevalence of PCa metastasis was 25.0%, with pelvic lymph node metastasis (16.7%) and bony metastasis (12.5%) being most prevalent. Patients with PCa metastasis had significantly lower ADC values, higher Gleason scores, and higher PSA levels compared to those without metastasis. Individually, an ADC cut‐off of ≤549.00 mm2/s was the best marker for detecting metastasis. The combined bioscore model including PSA, ADC values and Gleason score was the best independent predictor, correlating with a 159‐fold increased likelihood of detecting PCa metastasis. This study demonstrated the prognostic ability of PCa markers in detecting metastasis. ADC was an independent, sensitive, specific, and accurate diagnostic marker. The combined bioscore model of ADC, PSA and Gleason score significantly enhanced the identification of patients with PCa metastasis.
Chromosome‐level genome assembly and comparative genomics shed light on Helicoverpa assulta ecology and pest management
Authors: Kim Juil , Rahman Md‐Mafizur , Han Changhee , Shin Jiyeong , Ahn Seung‐Joon
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

The Oriental tobacco budworm, Helicoverpa assulta, a specialist herbivorous insect that exclusively feeds on plants of the Solanaceae family, causes considerable damage to crops, such as tobacco and hot pepper. The absence of a genome sequence for this species hinders further research on its pest management and ecological adaptation.

RESULTS

Here, we present a high‐quality chromosome‐level genome of a Korean strain of H. assulta (Pyeongchang strain, K18). The total assembly spans 424.4 Mb with an N50 length of 14.54 Mb and 37% GC content. The assembled genome (ASM2961881v1) comprises 31 chromosomes, similar to other congeneric generalist species including H. armigera and H. zea. In terms of genomic assembly quality, the complete BUSCOs and repeat content accounted for 98.3% and 33.01% of the genome, respectively. Based on this assembly, 19 485 protein‐coding genes were predicted in the genome annotation. A comparative analysis was conducted using the identified number of protein‐coding genes in H. armigera (24154) and H. zea (23696). Out of the 19 485 predicted genes, 137 genes in 15 orthogroups were found to have expanded significantly in H. assulta, while 149 genes in 95 orthogroups contracted rapidly.

CONCLUSION

This study revealed specific gene expansions and contractions in H. assulta compared to those in its close relatives, indicating potential adaptations related to its specialized feeding habits. Also, the comparative genome analysis provides valuable insights for the integrated pest management of H. assulta and other globally significant pests in the Heliothinae subfamily. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
New challenges associated with hard X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (report on the 2023 ASTM E42‐ASSD AVS workshop)
Authors: Herrera‐Gomez Alberto , Cant David J. H. , Conard Thierry , Renault Olivier , Linford Matthew R. , Pinder Joshua W. , Fenton Jeff , Baer Donald R.
Published: June 2024

In contrast to traditional X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), hard X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) can provide information from deeper within a sample while maintaining chemical resolution. However, working with higher energy X‐rays introduces a series of new or different issues ranging from energy calibration to factors associated with quantitative analysis. As part of the efforts to identify and increase community awareness about these issues, a workshop was held to review HAXPES metrology challenges with the perspective of converting it into a quantitative technique. A summary is hereby given of this workshop, which was entitled “What New Challenges Come with the Capabilities of HAXPES?” It was held in Portland, OR, USA, on November 7, 2023, and was primarily sponsored by the ASTM E42 Committee and the Applied Surface Science Division of the American Vacuum Society. This report contains summaries of the presentations and discussions at this workshop regarding the current open problems in HAXPES metrology. There were 20 participants at the workshop.
A modified RC‐4 cryptosystems to enhance security by using negative key schedule
Authors: Singh Purushottam , Dutta Sandip , Pranav Prashant
Published: June 2024

As technology rapidly advances and internet reliance grows for daily activities, the demand for robust and efficient cryptographic protocols is undeniable. Cryptography, the art of secret writing, uses symmetric mathematical functions to secure data in transit or at rest. Stream ciphers, unlike block ciphers, encrypt data sequentially, eliminating the need for padding with extra bits to complete a block. Rivest Cipher 4 (RC‐4) has been one of the most widely used stream ciphers. However, vulnerabilities exploited by attackers in 2014 led to its widespread replacement. In this paper, we introduce a modified version of RC‐4 designed to address and mitigate the security threats of traditional RC‐4. By incorporating negative numbers into the key generation schedule, our preliminary analysis shows promising results. This adaptation not only enhances RC‐4's security features but also revitalizes its applicability in modern cryptographic scenarios, potentially restoring its viability as a secure cryptographic tool.
Strengths and opportunities for improvement in surgical education in Ukraine: A qualitative study
Authors: Dzhemiliev Ali , Antoniv Marta , Huivaniuk Inesa , Kizub Darya , Reich Amanda J. , Kochis Michael , Prystaia Anastasiia , Beliechenko Svitlana , Danylyshyn Maksym , Ivanykovych Taras , Semeniv Solomiia , Beznosenko Andriy , Shabat Galyna , Kopetskyi Viacheslav , Zmijewski Polina , Melnitchouk Nelya
Published: June 2024

Background

The full‐scale invasion of Ukraine by Russia in 2022 has significantly impacted the country's healthcare system including surgical education. To assess the current state and identify the strengths and opportunities for the improvement of Ukraine's surgical education system during the peri‐war period, this study is one of the first to explore the state of surgical education across Ukraine in peri‐war, providing essential insights for current and postwar healthcare reconstruction.

Methods

This qualitative study involved semi‐structured interviews with 24 Ukrainian surgical residents, surgeons, and program leadership from various regions. The study focused on clinical training, didactics, mentorship, autonomy, resident evaluation, the impact of war, and gender disparities in surgical education. Data analysis was conducted using a rapid qualitative analysis technique.

Results

Interviews revealed strengths in surgical education such as adaptability to war conditions and international collaborations. However, opportunities for improvement were identified including a lack of structured clinical and didactic experiences, limited autonomy and access to simulators, gender discrimination, and war‐time challenges. These issues highlight a need for more comprehensive training and support systems for surgical trainees in Ukraine.

Conclusions

The study underscores the resilience and adaptability of Ukrainian surgical education in the face of war while also emphasizing the need for significant improvements. It calls for implementing structured training programs, enhanced mentorship, and attention to gender equality. These findings are crucial for improving surgical education in Ukraine and can be used as an example for other lower‐middle‐income countries, especially in conflict settings.
Prognostic factors based on histological categorization of desmoplastic reactions in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Suzuki Shuji , Nagakawa Yuichi , Miyamoto Ryoichi , Osakabe Hiroaki , Kiya Yoshitaka , Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Nagao Toshitaka , Einama Takahiro , Ao Tadakazu , Shimoda Mitsugi
Published: June 2024

Background/Purpose

In colorectal cancer, the morphological categorization of fibrotic cancer stroma in the invasive frontal zone of the primary tumor is well reflected in the prognosis. Conversely, the histological characteristics of pancreatic cancer (PC) reveal fibrotic hyperplasia of stroma known as desmoplasia; however, its characterization is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the prognostic factors according to the histological categorization of desmoplastic reactions in PC.

Methods

We retrospectively enrolled 167 patients who underwent curative resection for PC. The desmoplastic pattern was histologically classified as mature, intermediate, or immature. Clinicopathological features were evaluated, and disease‐free and overall survival (OS) were analyzed in the three groups. Prognostic factors were assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

In total, 19 mature, 87 intermediate, and 61 immature desmoplastic patterns were evaluated. Jaundice decompression, white blood cell count, and platelet/lymphocyte ratio were significantly different among the groups. The mature group had a better disease‐free survival (DFS) prognosis than the other two groups; however, OS did not differ between the groups. Desmoplastic patterns showed significant differences between the three groups for DFS.

Conclusions

Desmoplastic patterns are a prognostic factor of DFS for PC, with mature desmoplastic reactions associated with good prognosis. Thus, they may aid in individualized therapeutic approaches in patients with PC.
Disinformation as a Security Problem
Authors: Hellman Maria
Published: June 2024

The chapter introduces disinformation as a security problem performed by international news reporting that are used by authoritarian regimes. The concept of disinformation is defined and discussed in relation to other concepts in the field of information influence activities, such as propaganda, digital propaganda, network propaganda, rewired propaganda, and fake news. It is argued that disinformation is not merely used to denigrate a foreign country, but to cause domestic unrest and tension in the target state by instilling doubts about the authenticity of all information and sowing mistrust between citizens and the state. The Russian Federation is known to employ disinformation as part of its security strategy in this sense and the latter part of the chapter argues that narrative and framing analyses can disclose how such harmful narratives are constructed to target foreign states. A Swedish case study of Sputnik news coverage using narrative analysis showed consistent denigrating narratives between 2014 and 2018 (Wagnsson & Barzanje, A framework for analysing antagonistic narrative strategies: A Russian tale of Swedish decline. Media War and Conflict, 14(2), 239–257. https://doi.org10-1177/17506352119884343, 2021). In an in-depth study of Sputnik and RT-coverage of 2019 and 2020 insights into the construction of such harmful narratives has been further developed making up this book. The chapter ends with a presentation of the structure of the book.
Everyday Disinformation
Authors: Hellman Maria
Published: June 2024

This chapter is a summary of the study of Russian disinformation about Sweden. By analysing news narratives of the Russian state-affiliated media RT and Sputnik from July 2019 to January 2021, it is shown how international news media is used for disinformation. The study builds on previous work by Wagnsson and Barzanje (A framework for analysing antagonistic narrative strategies: A Russian tale of Swedish decline. Media War and Conflict, 14(2), 239–257. https://doi.org/10-1177/17506352119884343, 2021), which identified denigrating narrative strategies in Sputnik coverage of Sweden. This study covers a later time period and centers on the story telling techniques of the news coverage in order to make manifest how disinformation differs from journalism. It is argued that this type of disinformation is an everyday security practice and not limited to specific events such as for example elections campaigns. This was confirmed by the analysis which identified a relatively fixed set of narratives that included a variety of news topics and which were similar to what was found by Wagnsson and Barzanje in an earlier time period. The analysis resulted in the identification of a master narrative that was named a failing state victim to liberal ideas, and was composed of four narratives that explained how: (a) the liberal left elite was a threat to traditional Sweden; (b) the obsession with gender led Sweden astray giving rise both to health issues among the population and to social and political problems; (c) Sweden experienced an Islamic takeover; and (d) how Sweden defied limitations to its liberal policies during the pandemic.
Finite-Dimensional Percolation
Authors: Malthe-Sørenssen Anders
Published: June 2024

In this chapter we apply the scaling theories developed in the one-dimensional system and the infinite-dimensional system to systems of finite dimensions. The lowest dimension with an interesting behavior is two dimensions. Here, we introduce effective ways to measure the cluster number density $$n(s,p)$$
n
(
s
,
p
)
in two dimension. We develop the scaling theory for $$n(s,p)$$
n
(
s
,
p
)
and demonstrate how to use data-collapse plots as an efficient method to measure the critical exponents. We also demonstrate how we can use the scaling theory for $$n(s,p)$$
n
(
s
,
p
)
to derive expressions for the density of the spanning cluster, P, and the average cluster size, S. Finally, we demonstrate how the scaling theory provides scaling relations, that is, relations between exponents, and bounds for the values of the critical exponents.
Geometry of Clusters
Authors: Malthe-Sørenssen Anders
Published: June 2024

We have seen how we can characterize clusters by their mass, s. As p approaches $$p:c$$

p

c

, the typical cluster size s increases as well as the characteristic cluster diameter. In this chapter we will discuss the geometry of clusters, and by geometry we will mean how the number of sites in a cluster is related to the linear size of the cluster. We will introduce several measures to characterize the spatial extent, the characteristic radius $$R:s$$

R

s

, of clusters of size s. We will measure $$R:s$$

R

s

to motivate that it is proportional to $$s^1/D$$

s

1

∕
D
, where D is a new exponent characterizing the dimension of clusters. We will demonstrate that the percolation system is characterized by two lengths, the system size L and a characteristic cluster size $$\xi $$
ξ
, and that the system shows fractal, self-similar scaling when the characteristic length diverges. We develop scaling theories for $$P(s,L)$$
P
(
s
,
L
)
for $$p>p_c$$
p
>

p

c

and lay the foundations for a geometrical understanding and description of the spanning cluster.
Flow in Disordered Media
Authors: Malthe-Sørenssen Anders
Published: June 2024

In this chapter, we introduce the basic concepts of disordered media. We introduce properties of flow of current or fluids, and then address flow in a percolating system close to $$p:c$$

p

c

. We will study the behavior numerically, develop a scaling theory, and find properties using the renormalization group approach. Our initial studies will be on the binary porous medium of the percolation system. However, we can also extend our results to more general random media, and we demonstrate how this can be done towards the end of the chapter.
Land’s End
Authors: Ahrweiler Petra
Published: June 2024

Colibri Wharf, Headquarter Docks, Office Cloud Block, Gamma Hydra, Sector 14, Coordinates 22,83,7. Shared-Office Cloud of GA and TA.
What Machines Cannot Do
Authors: Ahrweiler Petra
Published: June 2024

“California,” Tilda said, groaning, “not again to the US!” However, there had been no way out. B1 management had told them that it would seriously damage company relationships if they would not integrate their Californian contacts, both from Los Angeles and from San Francisco, into the new project. Now they were sitting again side by side on board a Lufthansa plane to the US, this time to LA.
Analysis of Feature Models
Authors: Felfernig Alexander , Falkner Andreas , Benavides David
Published: June 2024

Developing and maintaining Feature Models (FMs) can become an errorprone activity. In this chapter, we focus on different aspects of analyzing relevant properties of FMs. Such an analysis helps to increase the maintainability and correctness of FMs and also makes them better manageable in industrial settings. Analysis operations are discussed in detail and also presented formally. In addition to analysis operations, we also show how to automatically determine erroneous elements of an FM that have to be adapted or deleted in order to restore the intended FM semantics.
Interacting with Feature Model Configurators
Authors: Felfernig Alexander , Falkner Andreas , Benavides David
Published: June 2024

In this chapter, we discuss different AI techniques that can be applied to support interactive FM configuration scenarios.We have in mind situations where the user of a FM configurator is in the need of support, for example, in terms of requiring recommendations and related explanations for feature inclusions or exclusions or recommendations of how to get out of an inconsistent situation. We show how to support feature selection on the basis of recommendation technologies and also show how to apply the concepts of conflict detection and model-based diagnosis to support users in inconsistent situations as well as in the context of reconfiguration.
The Production of Anxiety
Authors: Minozzo Ana C.
Published: June 2024

This chapter offers a critical survey of the history of diagnosing and treating anxiety across the last century. Under a medical humanities frame, we set out the political and clinical issues of diagnosing anxiety and the grammar offered to suffering in contemporary times.
Conclusion: Co-Poiesis on the Couch
Authors: Minozzo Ana C.
Published: June 2024

In conclusion, we mark the edges of psychoanalytic theory and practice and argue for a creative clinic of anxiety in dialogue with psychosocial texts and interventions.
Non-Gaussian Ensemble Optimization
Authors: Nilsen Mathias M. , Stordal Andreas S. , Raanes Patrick N. , Lorentzen Rolf J. , Eikrem Kjersti S.
Published: June 2024

Ensemble-based optimization (EnOpt), commonly used in reservoir management, can be seen as a special case of a natural evolution algorithm. Stein’s lemma gives a new interpretation of EnOpt. This interpretation enables us to study EnOpt in the context of general mutation distributions. In this paper, a non-Gaussian generalization of EnOpt (GenOpt) is proposed, where the control gradient is estimated using Stein’s lemma, and the mutation distribution is updated separately via natural evolution. For the multivariate case, a Gaussian copula is used to represent dependencies between the marginals. The correlation matrix is also iteratively optimized. It is shown that using beta distributions as marginals in the GenOpt algorithm addresses the truncation problem that sometimes arises when applying EnOpt on bounded optimization problems. The performance of the proposed optimization algorithm is evaluated on several test cases. The experiments indicate that GenOpt is less dependent on the chosen hyperparameters, and it is able to converge more quickly than EnOpt on a reservoir management test case.
In Hot Water and Beyond: Marine Extremes Escalate
Authors: Stanley Sarah
Published: June 2024

A new study suggests marine life is increasingly faced with triple-threat events in which extreme water temperature, low oxygen levels, and acidification converge.
One Question About Climate, and Barely an Answer at Biden-Trump Debate
Authors: Cartier Kimberly
Published: June 2024

In this election cycle, stakes are high for the environment and the scientific community. You wouldn’t know that from the first presidential debate.
Source‐To‐Sink Analysis in the Mesozoic SW Junggar Basin, Central Asia: Evidence From Detrital Garnet and Tourmaline Geochemistry
Authors: Guan X. , Wu C. , Xu Y. , Saylor J. , Lin C. , Zhang W.
Published: June 2024

Source‐to‐sink systems respond to and therefore potentially record topographic and tectonic changes. North of the Tian Shan Belt, the Sikeshu subbasin of the SW Junggar Basin transitioned from active extension in the Triassic to post‐extensional subsidence in the Jurassic‐Cretaceous. Sediment in the Sikeshu subbasin has been shown to be derived from the Tianshan. However, the details of the source‐to‐sink system remain unclear and discrepancies exist between proxy records. The heavy minerals in the Middle Triassic in the Sikeshu subbasin are dominated by garnets. To investigate the garnet sources and decipher the Mesozoic source‐to‐sink evolution, we conducted petrological and sedimentary analysis and detrital garnet and tourmaline geochemistry. We found that the geochemistry of garnets in the Middle Triassic sandstone is most consistent with that of the skarns in the Yili Block (YB) in Tianshan, while the geochemistry of 55%–84% of garnets in other Mesozoic sandstones is consistent with that of garnets in amphibolites in the YB. The geochemistry of the tourmalines since the Upper Triassic is consistent with that of the meta‐sedimentary rocks in the YB and Central Tianshan Block. The dominance of garnets sourced from skarns in the Middle Triassic probably indicates a near‐source point provenance and the broader range of garnet compositions from the Upper Triassic–Lower Cretaceous suggests multiple sources. We infer that the point source changed to multiple sources, which is consistent with the zircon spectra changing from unimodal to multimodal. This change reflects the expansion of the drainage that accompanies a change from active rifting to a post‐rift stage.
Oxidized Sulfur Species in Slab Fluids as a Source of Enriched Sulfur Isotope Signatures in Arcs
Authors: Beaudry Patrick , Sverjensky Dimitri A.
Published: June 2024

Recycling of oxidized sulfur from subducting slabs to the mantle wedge provides simultaneous explanations for the elevated oxygen fugacity (fO2) in subduction zones, their high hydrothermal and magmatic sulfur outputs, and the enriched sulfur isotopic signatures (i.e., δ34S > 0‰) of these outputs. However, a quantitative understanding of the abundance and speciation of sulfur in slab fluids consistent with high pressure experiments is lacking. Here we analyze published experimental data for anhydrite solubility in H2O‐NaCl solutions to calibrate a high‐pressure aqueous speciation model of sulfur within the framework of the deep earth water model. We characterize aqueous complexes, required to account for the high experimental anhydrite solubilities. We then use this framework to predict the speciation and solubility of sulfur in chemically complex fluids in equilibrium with model subducting mafic and ultramafic lithologies, from 2 to 3 GPa and 400 to 800°C at log fO2 from FMQ‐2 to FMQ+4. We show that sulfate complexes of calcium and sodium markedly enhance the stability of sulfate in moderately oxidized fluids in equilibrium with pyrite at fO2 conditions of FMQ+1 to +2, causing large sulfur isotope fractionations up to 10‰ in the fluid relative to the slab. Such fluids could impart oxidized, sulfur‐rich and high δ34S signatures to the mantle wedge that are ultimately transferred to arc magmas, without the need to invoke 34S‐rich subducted lithologies.
Atmospheric River Brings Warmth and Rainfall to the Northern Antarctic Peninsula During the Mid‐Austral Winter of 2023
Authors: Bozkurt D. , Carrasco J. F. , Cordero R. R. , Fernandoy F. , Gómez‐Contreras A. , Carrillo B. , Guan B.
Published: June 2024

Contrasting the extensive research on summer atmospheric rivers (ARs) in the Antarctic Peninsula (AP), winter AR impacts are less understood. This study examines a unique warming event from 1 to 3 July 2023, using in situ winter observations and ERA5 reanalysis. On 2 July, Frei station experienced an extreme warm event with a temperature of 2.7°C and a significant rise in the freezing level, coinciding with winter rainfall. A pressure dipole pattern over the AP, with contrasting circulations over Bellingshausen and Weddell Seas, facilitated an AR, carrying warm, humid air initially from South America/Atlantic and then the southeast Pacific. This shift resulted in anomalous water stable isotope composition in precipitation. Trends suggest a strengthening winter pressure dipole, associated with increased AR frequency and higher temperatures in northern AP. These findings highlight the importance of winter observations in exploring AR impacts, bridging knowledge gaps about winter AR behaviors.
Observational Constraints on Basin‐Scale Runoff: A Request for Both Improved ESMs and Streamflow Reconstructions
Authors: Douville H.
Published: June 2024

Efforts to predict long‐term changes in continental runoff at both global and basin scales generally remain ambiguous. Here we use a global runoff reconstruction and a Bayesian statistical method to narrow uncertainties in runoff projections from the latest generation of global climate models. Three representative tropical river basins are used to illustrate the application and showcase the potential for substantial reduction in modeling uncertainty. Yet, results are fairly sensitive to the selected reconstruction thus highlighting the need for reliable and homogeneized gridded runoff data sets or river discharge measurements. Moreover, climate models do not account for water withdrawals, whose effect on observed runoff should also be removed in order to detect and attribute the hydrological effect of climate change. Finally, and more importantly, most models fail at capturing the observed recent decrease in runoff ratio, which may highlight either model deficiencies or increasing water derivation over the selected river basins.
Dipole Response of Mesoscale Eddy Formation to Monsoon Transition in the Southeast Tropical Indian Ocean
Authors: Gao Libao , Zu Yongcan , Guo Guijun , Kong Bin , Fang Yue , Williams Guy D.
Published: June 2024

The Southeast Tropical Indian Ocean (SETIO), dominated by the Indian Ocean monsoon, is an important source region for strong mesoscale eddies. To date, the impacts of the Indian Ocean monsoon on mesoscale eddies have not been clarified. Here we report on the dipole response of mesoscale eddy formation to monsoon transition in the SETIO, using satellite and reanalysis data sets. During the summer monsoon season, anticyclonic eddies are mainly concentrated north of 12°S, while cyclonic eddies are south of 12°S. This situation reverses during the winter monsoon season. We attribute this dipole feature to the oceanic perturbations and current shear during the different monsoon periods. A geographical boundary along 12°S aligns with meridional changes in eddy potential energy, which delineates the generation and direction of the newly‐formed eddies. The hot spot region, rich in eddy energy properties, tends to promote eddy formation and endurance during the monsoon periods.
The Impact of CO2 and Climate State on Whether Dansgaard–Oeschger Type Oscillations Occur in Climate Models
Authors: Malmierca‐Vallet Irene , Sime Louise C. , Valdes Paul J. , Klockmann Marlene , Vettoretti Guido , Slattery John
Published: June 2024

Greenland ice core records feature Dansgaard–Oeschger (D‐O) events, which are abrupt warming episodes followed by gradual cooling during ice age climate. The three climate models used in this study (CCSM4, MPI‐ESM, and HadCM3) show spontaneous self‐sustained D‐O‐like oscillations (albeit with differences in amplitude, duration, and shape) in a remarkably similar, narrow window of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, roughly 185–230 ppm. This range matches atmospheric CO2 during Marine Isotopic Stage 3 (MIS 3: between 27.8 and 59.4 thousand of years BP, hereafter ka), a period when D‐O events were most frequent. Insights from the three climate models point to North Atlantic (NA) sea‐ice coverage as a key ingredient behind D‐O type oscillations, which acts as a “tipping element.” Other climate state properties such as Mean Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation strength, global mean temperature and salinity gradient in the Atlantic Ocean do not determine whether D‐O type behavior can occur in all three models.
Moment of Inertia and Tectonic Record of Asteroid 16 Psyche May Reveal Interior Structure and Core Solidification Processes
Authors: Nichols‐Fleming Fiona , Evans Alexander J. , Johnson Brandon C. , Sori Michael M.
Published: June 2024

The thermal and chemical evolution of (16) Psyche would have been influenced by the direction of core solidification and thickness of an outer (rocky) silicate layer. We model the thermal evolution and core solidification of Psyche for a range of outer silicate layer thicknesses and core sulfur contents to calculate the resulting radial contraction and moments of inertia. We generally find that increasing the thickness of the outer silicate layer by 10 km results in a ∼1‐km reduction in total radial contraction. Additionally, we find that the timing of full core solidification, and thus a large amount of predicted contraction, can differ by up to 25 Myr for inward versus outward core growth. Finally, our calculated moment‐of‐inertia factors for models with inward core growth that contain sulfur are consistently larger than those with outward core growth. Ultimately, spacecraft‐derived estimates of Psyche's moment of inertia and surface contraction will be able to provide constraints on Psyche's interior evolution, silicate layer thickness, and direction of core solidification.