bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toxic or Otherwise Harmful Algae and the Built Environment
Authors: Hofbauer Wolfgang Karl
Published: July 2021

This article gives a comprehensive overview on potentially harmful algae occurring in the built environment. Man-made structures provide diverse habitats where algae can grow, mainly aerophytic in nature. Literature reveals that algae that is potentially harmful to humans do occur in the anthropogenic environment in the air, on surfaces or in water bodies. Algae may negatively affect humans in different ways: they may be toxic, allergenic and pathogenic to humans or attack human structures. Toxin-producing alga are represented in the built environment mainly by blue green algae (Cyanoprokaryota). In special occasions, other toxic algae may also be involved. Green algae (Chlorophyta) found airborne or growing on manmade surfaces may be allergenic whereas Cyanoprokaryota and other forms may not only be toxic but also allergenic. Pathogenicity is found only in a special group of algae, especially in the genus Prototheca. In addition, rare cases with infections due to algae with green chloroplasts are reported. Algal action may be involved in the biodeterioration of buildings and works of art, which is still discussed controversially. Whereas in many cases the disfigurement of surfaces and even the corrosion of materials is encountered, in other cases a protective effect on the materials is reported. A comprehensive list of 79 taxa of potentially harmful, airborne algae supplemented with their counterparts occurring in the built environment, is given. Due to global climate change, it is not unlikely that the built environment will suffer from more and higher amounts of harmful algal species in the future. Therefore, intensified research in composition, ecophysiology and development of algal growth in the built environment is indicated.
Encephalitis in Thailand: A Neglected Disease Increasingly Caused by Enterovirus
Authors: Hemachudha Pasin , Petcharat Sininat , Hinjoy Soawapak , Saraya Abhinbhen W. , Hemachudha Thiravat
Published: July 2021

From 2013 to 2018, the Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Disease–Health Science Center (TRC-EID-HS), in collaboration with the Department of Disease Control (DDC) and the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) Thailand, conducted encephalitis surveillance. A total of 1700 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with encephalitis were tested by a predesigned multiplex PCR. Diagnosis was made in 318 cases (18.7%), 86 (27%) of which were caused by Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), 55 (17.3%) by enteroviruses (EV), 36 (11.3%) by varicella–zoster virus (VZV), 31 (9.7%) by cytomegalovirus (CMV), 25 (7.8%) by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), and 20 (6.3%) by human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6). Results were compared with 3099 CSF samples from patients with encephalitis collected between 2002 to 2012, which were tested by specific PCR assays. Diagnosis was made in 337 (10.9%) of these cases, and 91 (27%) were CMV, 79 (23.4%) were VZV, 72 (21.4%) were EBV, 39 (11.6%) were EVs, 39 (11.6%) were HSV-1, 33 (9.8%) were HSV-2, and 2 (0.6%) were Dengue virus (DENV). The change in the pattern toward EVs as a major cause of viral encephalitis was unexpected, and a change in viral neurotropism may be responsible.
Mutation Profiles, Glycosylation Site Distribution and Codon Usage Bias of Human Papillomavirus Type 16
Authors: Liu Wei , Li Junhua , Du Hongli , Ou Zhihua
Published: July 2021

Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) is the most prevalent HPV type causing cervical cancers. Herein, using 1597 full genomes, we systemically investigated the mutation profiles, surface protein glycosylation sites and the codon usage bias (CUB) of HPV16 from different lineages and sublineages. Multiple lineage- or sublineage-conserved mutation sites were identified. Glycosylation analysis showed that HPV16 lineage D contained the highest number of different glycosylation sites from lineage A in both L1 and L2 capsid proteins, which might lead to their antigenic distances between the two lineages. CUB analysis showed that the HPV16 open reading frames (ORFs) preferred codons ending with A/T. The CUB of HPV16 ORFs was mainly affected by natural selection except for E1, E5 and L2. HPV16 only shared some of the preferred codons with humans, which might help reduce competition in translational resources. These findings increase our understanding of the heterogeneity between HPV16 lineages and sublineages, and the adaptation mechanism of HPV in human cells. In summary, this study might facilitate HPV classification and improve vaccine development and application.
Findings from Studies Are Congruent with Obesity Having a Viral Origin, but What about Obesity-Related NAFLD?
Authors: Tarantino Giovanni , Citro Vincenzo , Cataldi Mauro
Published: July 2021

Infection has recently started receiving greater attention as an unusual causative/inducing factor of obesity. Indeed, the biological plausibility of infectobesity includes direct roles of some viruses to reprogram host metabolism toward a more lipogenic and adipogenic status. Furthermore, the probability that humans may exchange microbiota components (virome/virobiota) points out that the altered response of IFN and other cytokines, which surfaces as a central mechanism for adipogenesis and obesity-associated immune suppression, is due to the fact that gut microbiota uphold intrinsic IFN signaling. Last but not least, the adaptation of both host immune and metabolic system under persistent viral infections play a central role in these phenomena. We hereby discuss the possible link between adenovirus and obesity-related nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The mechanisms of adenovirus-36 (Ad-36) involvement in hepatic steatosis/NAFLD consist in reducing leptin gene expression and insulin sensitivity, augmenting glucose uptake, activating the lipogenic and pro-inflammatory pathways in adipose tissue, and increasing the level of macrophage chemoattractant protein-1, all of these ultimately leading to chronic inflammation and altered lipid metabolism. Moreover, by reducing leptin expression and secretion Ad-36 may have in turn an obesogenic effect through increased food intake or decreased energy expenditure via altered fat metabolism. Finally, Ad-36 is involved in upregulation of cAMP, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and p38 signaling pathways, downregulation of Wnt10b expression, increased expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-beta, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 with consequential lipid accumulation.
The Relationships between HIV-1 Infection, History of Methamphetamine Use Disorder, and Soluble Biomarkers in Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid
Authors: Walter T. Jordan , Iudicello Jennifer , Cookson Debra Rosario , Franklin Donald , Tang Bin , Young Jared W. , Perry William , Ellis Ronald , Heaton Robert K. , Grant Igor , Minassian Arpi , Letendre Scott ,   on behalf of the Translational Methamphetamine AIDS Research Center (TMARC)
Published: July 2021

Methamphetamine (METH) use disorder is highly prevalent among people with HIV (PWH) and is a significant public health problem. HIV and METH use are each associated with immune system dysfunction; however, the combined effects on the immune system are poorly understood. This cross-sectional project measured soluble immune biomarkers in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from a control group, people with a history of a METH use disorder (METH+), PWH with no history of METH use disorder (HIV+), and PWH with a history of METH use disorder (HIV+/METH+). HIV, METH, and immune dysfunction can also be associated with affective and cognitive deficits, so we characterized mood and cognition in our participants. Two factor analyses were performed for the plasma and CSF biomarkers. Plasma IL-8, Ccl2, VEGF, and 8-isoprostane loaded onto one factor that was highest in the HIV+/METH+ group (p < 0.047) reflecting worse inflammation, vascular injury, and oxidative stress. This plasma factor was also negatively correlated with delayed recall (R = −0.49, p = 0.010), which was worst in the HIV+/METH+ group (p = 0.030 compared to the control group). Overall, these data implicate that combined HIV-1 infection and METH use may exacerbate inflammation, leading to worse cognition.
Lentiviral Vectors for Delivery of Gene-Editing Systems Based on CRISPR/Cas: Current State and Perspectives
Authors: Dong Wendy , Kantor Boris
Published: July 2021

CRISPR/Cas technology has revolutionized the fields of the genome- and epigenome-editing by supplying unparalleled control over genomic sequences and expression. Lentiviral vector (LV) systems are one of the main delivery vehicles for the CRISPR/Cas systems due to (i) its ability to carry bulky and complex transgenes and (ii) sustain robust and long-term expression in a broad range of dividing and non-dividing cells in vitro and in vivo. It is thus reasonable that substantial effort has been allocated towards the development of the improved and optimized LV systems for effective and accurate gene-to-cell transfer of CRISPR/Cas tools. The main effort on that end has been put towards the improvement and optimization of the vector’s expression, development of integrase-deficient lentiviral vector (IDLV), aiming to minimize the risk of oncogenicity, toxicity, and pathogenicity, and enhancing manufacturing protocols for clinical applications required large-scale production. In this review, we will devote attention to (i) the basic biology of lentiviruses, and (ii) recent advances in the development of safer and more efficient CRISPR/Cas vector systems towards their use in preclinical and clinical applications. In addition, we will discuss in detail the recent progress in the repurposing of CRISPR/Cas systems related to base-editing and prime-editing applications.
Healthcare Providers’ Vaccine Perceptions, Hesitancy, and Recommendation to Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lin Cheryl , Mullen Jewel , Smith Danielle , Kotarba Michaela , Kaplan Samantha J. , Tu Pikuei
Published: July 2021

Despite vaccines’ effectiveness in reducing the rate of preventable diseases, vaccine hesitancy has threatened public health and economies worldwide. Healthcare providers’ (HCP) communications and behavior strongly influence patient receptivity and uptake. The goal of this review was to examine HCP vaccine perceptions, knowledge, and reservations and how these attitudes affect their recommendations and vaccination practices. Primary research studies published by 16 September 2020 were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. A 14-item scale was developed for survey study and risk of bias appraisal (SSRBA). In total, 96 papers from 34 countries were included, covering 17 vaccines (HPV and influenza vaccines the most studied). Recommendation was positively associated with provider knowledge and experience, beliefs about disease risk, and perceptions of vaccine safety, necessity, and efficacy. HCP vaccination attitudes and practices varied across specialties, vaccines, and countries; demographic impact was inconclusive. Barriers included anticipation of patient/parental concerns or refusal, lacking clear guidelines, time constraints, and cost. For HPV, vaccines were more often recommended to older, female adolescents and by physicians who discussed sexual health. HCPs are vital advocates for patients and the public, but studies indicated a prevalence of provider hesitancy pertaining to inadequate knowledge, low vaccine confidence, and suboptimal uptake themselves. Improving HCP knowledge and assuring their access to information they deem trustworthy are essential to supporting HCPs‘ role as “trusted messengers” to promote vaccine acceptance.
Evaluation of Protective Efficacy of Influenza Virus Like Particles Prepared from H5N1 Virus of Clade 2.2.1.2 in Chickens
Authors: El-Husseiny Mohamed H. , Hagag Naglaa M. , Pushko Peter , Tretyakova Irina , Naguib Mahmoud M. , Arafa Abdel Satar
Published: July 2021

Highly pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) viruses continue to cause severe economic losses in poultry species worldwide. HPAI virus of subtype H5N1 was reported in Egypt in 2006, and despite vaccination efforts, the virus has become endemic. The current study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a virus-like particle (VLP) based vaccine in vivo using specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. The vaccine was prepared from the HPAI H5N1 virus of clade 2.2.1.2 using the baculovirus expression system. The VLPs were quantitated and characterized, including electron microscopy. In addition, the protection level of the VLPs was evaluated by using two different regimens, including one dose and two-dose vaccinated groups, which gave up to 70% and 100% protection level, respectively. The results of this study emphasize the potential usefulness of the VLPs-based vaccine as an alternative vaccine candidate for the control of AIV infection in poultry.
Erythrogram Patterns in Dogs with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Lippi Ilaria , Perondi Francesca , Lubas George , Gori Eleonora , Pierini Alessio , D’Addetta Alessandra , Marchetti Veronica
Published: July 2021

Anemia is considered a common finding in dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD), typically as normochromic, normocytic, and non-regenerative. Although anemia can occur at any CKD IRIS (International Renal Interest Society) stage, its severity is related with the loss of kidney function. The aim of the present study was to retrospectively evaluate quantitative and morphological abnormalities of the erythrogram in dogs at different CKD IRIS stages. A total of 482 CBCs from 3648 initially screened were included in the study. Anemia was present in 302/482 (63%) dogs, in the majority of which it was normochromic, normocytic, and non-regenerative (295/302; 98%). The number of reticulocytes was <60,000/μL in the majority of dogs (248/295; 84%), with a correlation between poor regeneration rate and progression of CKD (p = 0.0001). The frequency of anemia significantly differed (p = 0.0001) among the IRIS stages: 108/231 (47%) in IRIS 2, 77/109 (71%) in IRIS 3, and 117/142 (82%) in IRIS 4. Dogs at IRIS stages 3 and 4 were more likely to have moderate to severe anemia, compared to dogs at IRIS stage 2 (p = 0.0001). Anisocytosis was the most frequent morphological abnormality (291/482; 60%), whereas the presence of poikilocytosis showed an association with progression of IRIS stages (p = 0.009). Among different morphological abnormalities, the frequency of fragmented red blood cells and Howell–Jolly bodies showed a significant association with the progression of CKD. Anemia was a frequent finding in CKD dogs, mostly associated with none to poor regeneration rate. Similar to human medicine, advanced CKD stages are more frequently characterized by morphological alterations, such as fragmented red blood cells and Howell–Jolly bodies, which may suggest a more severe condition of reduced bone marrow activity and microangiopathy.
Kinetics and Mechanistic Studies of Photochemical and Oxidative Stability of Galaxolide
Authors: Sokol Aneta , Ratkiewicz Artur , Tomaszewska Iwona , Karpinska Joanna
Published: July 2021

Studies on kinetics of galaxolide (HHCB) degradation under influence of UV, simulated sunlight and some advanced oxidation processes (H2O2, UV/H2O2, and Vis/H2O2) were conducted. Galaxolide appeared to be a photolabile compound. The first-order kinetics model was assumed for all studied processes. It was observed that basic pH favored HHCB degradation. The influence of natural matrices (river water and artificial sweat) on direct photolysis of HHCB was examined. It was stated that the process of the photodegradation proceeded slower at the presence of each matrix. HHCB lactone was identified using the GC-MS technique. The recorded chromatograms showed that apart from the lactone, other degradation products were formed that we could not identify. In order to deeper understand the HHCB degradation process, DFT calculations were performed. The results pointed out that OH radicals play a key role in HHCB decomposition, which mainly proceeds via H abstractions as well as OH additions. It follows from the calculations that the visible light is sufficient to initiate the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) under the oxidative conditions, whereas UV irradiation is needed to start decay with no oxidative agents.
Deep Neural Network and Polynomial Chaos Expansion-Based Surrogate Models for Sensitivity and Uncertainty Propagation: An Application to a Rockfill Dam
Authors: Shahzadi Gullnaz , Soulaïmani Azzeddine
Published: July 2021

Computational modeling plays a significant role in the design of rockfill dams. Various constitutive soil parameters are used to design such models, which often involve high uncertainties due to the complex structure of rockfill dams comprising various zones of different soil parameters. This study performs an uncertainty analysis and a global sensitivity analysis to assess the effect of constitutive soil parameters on the behavior of a rockfill dam. A Finite Element code (Plaxis) is utilized for the structure analysis. A database of the computed displacements at inclinometers installed in the dam is generated and compared to in situ measurements. Surrogate models are significant tools for approximating the relationship between input soil parameters and displacements and thereby reducing the computational costs of parametric studies. Polynomial chaos expansion and deep neural networks are used to build surrogate models to compute the Sobol indices required to identify the impact of soil parameters on dam behavior.
Revision of Frequency Estimates of Extreme Precipitation Based on the Annual Maximum Series in the Jiangsu Province in China
Authors: Shao Yuehong , Zhao Jun , Xu Jinchao , Fu Aolin , Wu Junmei
Published: July 2021

Frequency estimates of extreme precipitation are revised using a regional L-moments method based on the annual maximum series and Chow’s equation at lower return periods for the Jiangsu area in China. First, the study area is divided into five homogeneous regions, and the optimum distribution for each region is determined by an integrative assessment. Second, underestimation of quantiles and the applicability of Chow’s equation are verified. The results show that quantiles are underestimated based on the annual maximum series, and that Chow’s formula is applicable for the study area. Next, two methods are used to correct the underestimation of frequency estimation. A set of rational and reliable frequency estimations is obtained using the regional L-moments method and the two revised methods, which can indirectly provide a robust basis for flood control and water resource management. This study extends previous works by verifying underestimation of the quantiles and the provision of two improved methods for obtaining reliable quantile estimations of extreme precipitation at lower recurrence intervals, especially in solving reliable estimates for a 1-year return period from the integral lower limit of the frequency distribution.
E. coli CB390 as an Indicator of Total Coliphages for Microbiological Assessment of Lime and Drying Bed Treated Sludge
Authors: Venegas Camilo , Sánchez-Alfonso Andrea C. , Celis Zambrano Crispín , González Mendez Mauricio , Vesga Fidson-Juarismy
Published: July 2021

The use of a single host strain that allows for an evaluation of the levels of total coliphages in any type of environmental sample would facilitate the detection of and reduction in complexity and costs, favoring countries or areas with technical and economic limitations. The CB390 strain is a candidate for this type of simultaneous determinations, mainly in water samples. The objective of the study was to establish the recovery capacity of the CB390 strain in solid and semi-solid samples and to evaluate the microbiological quality of the sludge generated and stabilized by lime and drying beds in two WWTPs in Colombia. The results of both matrices indicated that CB390 recovered similar numbers of total coliphages (p > 0.05) against the two host strains when evaluated separately. Only the drying bed treatment was able to reduce between 2.0 and 2.9 Log10 units for some microorganisms, while the addition of lime achieved a maximum reduction of 1.3 Log10 units for E. coli. In conclusion, the CB390 strain can be used in solid and semi-solid samples, and the treatment in a drying bed provided a product of microbiological quality. However, the results are influenced by the infrastructure of the WWTP, the treatment conditions, and the monitoring of the stabilization processes.
Comparison of Empirical and Analytical Solutions for Open-Channel Flow Velocity with Common Grass Species in Taiwan
Authors: Hsieh Ping-Cheng , Lin Yi-Cheng , Wang Yung-Chieh
Published: July 2021

Grassed channels utilize the soil stabilization and water infiltration enhancement functions of grass in order to conserve soil and water in drainage systems. The construction processes and hydraulic mechanisms of grassed channels are more complicated, depending on the conditions of both soil and grass. As flow resistance is affected by grass characteristics, giving a single value of Manning’s n for a grass type under different flow conditions may lead to over-conservative designs or safety concerns. In this study, grassed flow experiments were carried out in a flume, with a bed of red soil covered by three grass species and with the flow conditions of three bed slopes. Average flow velocities were evaluated using five methods, including Manning’s equation and an analytical method. Comparison between the methods showed that Manning’s equation was unable to properly reflect the grass characteristic effects on the flow, but the analytical method performed better in estimating the average velocity and velocity profiles. The experimental results will be useful for the verification of mathematical methods, including analytical solutions and numerical models of grassed flow. For application, the relationships of average flow velocity against the grass layer relative height were proposed based on the analytical method as a reference for a hillslope drainage system design in Taiwan.
Activity of carraginanes from red algae for infections caused by the herpes simplex virus
Authors: Pott A. B. , Krylova N. V. , Kravchenko A. O. , Yermak I. M. , Lavrov V. F.
Published: July 2021

Herpesvirus infections, the incidence of which has increased significantly throughout the world in recent years, are actualizing the search and development of new, more effective drugs and prophylactic drugs. Particular attention of researchers is attracted, in particular, by sulfated polysaccharides — carrageenans obtained from natural sources (red algae of the Sea of Japan), which, as it turned out, have a wide spectrum of biological activity. The aim of this study was to study the antiherpetic activity of three types of carrageenans (K1, K2 and K3), with different polymer chain structure, number of sulfate groups and their location. A study of the cytotoxic activity of these compounds and their effect on the reproduction of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in a transplanted Vero cell culture was evaluated using an MTT assay. It was established that all three carrageenans have a pronounced antiviral activity in vitro, however, the effect of their action is different due to the fact that each of them affects different stages of the life cycle of the virus. When Vero cells were treated with carrageenans before they were infected with the virus, K2 polysaccharide showed the most pronounced antiherpetic activity; with direct treatment of the virus with carrageenans, the most significant antiherpetic effect was demonstrated by polysaccharide K1. The revealed differences in the effect of carrageenans on different stages of HSV-1 replication are apparently related to the structural features of the tested compounds.
Comparative hygienic study of the content of certain pesticides in agricultural products of farms and private farms
Authors: Eliseev Yu. Yu. , Chekhomov S. Yu. , Eliseeva Yu. V.
Published: July 2021

The article presents the results of a comparative hygienic study of the content of organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides in agricultural products of farms and private farms in the Saratov region. A study of the content of chlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in nine ecologically disadvantaged regions of the region was conducted. Quantitative analysis of the determination of pesticides in local food products was analyzed by thin-layer chromatography. The content of organochlorine pesticides in food samples grown in ecologically disadvantaged areas and sent to the retail chain for sale, as well as for domestic use as local food, did not have statistically meaningful distinctions in regard to their contamination. In the studied samples of food products grown in farmers’ fields and produced on the land of private farms was found a significant difference in content of organophosphorus pesticides and herbicides. Thus, the content of the organophosphorus insecticide — chlorpyrifos used by farms for aviation chemical protection of plants from the spread of pests in vegetable products reached the maximum acceptable levels and, on the contrary, the concentration of chlorpyrifos in agricultural products of personal subsidiary farms was no more than 50 % of the permissible level. On the contrary, the widespread use of malathion has found application in the processing of agricultural products only on the lands of personal subsidiary plots. The level of its content in vegetable products ranged from 10–20 % to the maximum allowable and depended on the areas of cultivation of agricultural products. In arid areas, with a significant number of insect pests, the insecticide content in vegetable products was maximum. The studied herbicides were detected only in vegetable products grown on the fields of farms. At the same time, the glyphosate content in vegetable products significantly varied in different studied ecologically unfavorable territories. Its highest content in concentrations of the maximum permissible level was detected in agricultural products of the arid Zavolzhsky districts and, on the contrary, in the right bank and areas with a wide land reclamation system, the herbicide concentration ranged from 30 to 50 % of the permissible level. All the concentrations of chlorine and organophosphorus pesticides and herbicides in the local products established in the study, produced both on the lands of personal subsidiary plots and on farm fields, did not exceed the permissible values.
How the SST TP Plant ensured safety during the coronavirus pandemic
Authors: Lutsuk Anton
Published: July 2021

The sudden spread of coronavirus infection has made its own adjustments in the activities of the company "Plant SST Warm Floors". The company was able to overcome difcult times without stopping its work. Thanks to ensuring the safety of employees, well-coordinated work of the team in conditions of constantly changing circumstances, it was able to show an increase in product output in all categories. Anton Lutsuk, head of the equipment service and repair group, SST Teplyi Poli Plant, tells about the measures taken by the company to prevent viral infection.
Relações de gênero, sexualidades e militarização das escolas públicas
Authors: Castro Roney Polato de , Gomes da Silva Michele
Published: July 2021

O artigo tem como o objetivo problematizar um cenário político e social que aponta a militarização da educação escolar como solução para questões que afligem as escolas públicas e a sociedade brasileira atual. Nesse âmbito, argumentamos que é necessário um olhar mais específico no que tange às relações de gênero e às sexualidades, considerando a formação dos sujeitos e suas experiências escolares. Os focos de análise foram notícias divulgadas nas mídias digitais e entrevistas semiestruturadas com sujeitos que estão ou estiveram vinculados a escolas militares. Nossas análises conduzem à problematização da produção de silenciamentos, da ocultação de sujeitos e experiências não-hegemônicas, da vigilância e do disciplinamento de seus corpos, tendo em vista o contexto de uma sociedade plural, mas que insiste em normatizar existências.
“Você é homem ou mulher?”
Authors: Almeida Breno Alvarenga , Ribeiro Cláudia Maria
Published: July 2021

Esta escrita navega pelas experiências de um professor que atua na Educação Infantil e nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Mergulha em problematizações da masculinidade hegemônica, que é construída e, na maioria das vezes, considerada como padrão. Navega também por resistências entretecidas nas relações de poder considerando o referencial foucaultiano e as relações de gênero. Optamos por inserir a pergunta de uma criança no título do artigo, pois ela revela como as regras de feminilidade e de masculinidade são estanques. O que fazer para que se atribua uma infinitude de sentidos possíveis ao masculino e ao feminino? O artigo entrelaça suas problematizações às de várias pesquisas que, numa escrita rizomática, informam da importância de se remar contra a maré dos fascismos cotidianos, das generalizações, das metanarrativas e navegar rumo a outras formas de ser em grupo mais libertárias, que acolham os homens na Educação Infantil.
importância das discussões sobre gêneros e sexualidades nas escolas
Authors: Sepulveda Denize , Côrrea Renan
Published: July 2021

A intenção deste artigo é justificar a importância de discutirmos as questões de gêneros e sexualidades nas escolas. Portanto, desenvolvemos uma argumentação que evidencia a dificuldade que algumas instituições apresentam para trabalhar com essas temáticas. Tal dificuldade aumentou a partir do Movimento Escola Sem Partido que defende que tais discussões devem ser feitas somente no ambiente familiar. Para argumentar que tal defesa é um equívoco, narramos duas histórias que ocorreram em uma escola, na qual desenvolvemos nossas pesquisas. Usamos o Paradigma Indiciário de Carlo Ginzburg (1989), pois nos ajudou a perceber pistas, indícios e sinais que nos permitiu caminhar na pesquisa. Como considerações finais argumentamos que as instituições escolares devem apostar num projeto de aceitação das diferenças, como forma de democratização e emancipação do seu espaço.
Entre desejos e tensões
Authors: Carvalho Vilhena Ruan Felipe , Nonato de Brício Vilma
Published: July 2021

Sexualidade e corpo passam por uma tentativa de silenciamento na escola, mas formas de resistências são construídas em espaços outros, entre os muros escolares, porém fora da sala de aula. Este trabalho tem como objetivo problematizar os grafismos nos banheiros das escolas a partir das noções de sexualidade, erotismo e desejos. Experimentamos como metodologia a cartografia deleuzeana para mapear os grafismos nos banheiros fotografados em suas dimensões de sexualidade e de erotismos e como referencial teórico Bataille (1987), Gregori (2006), Foucault (1988) entre outros autores/as. As experimentações analíticas cartográficas nos mostraram que essas expressões grafitadas no banheiro escolar são frutos da transgressão das interdições construídas sobre a sexualidade, o erotismo e os desejos vivenciados por jovens alunos nas escolas.
Games in Patavium
Authors: Linderski Jerzy
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the text of Tacitus, Ann., 16. 21. 1, mentioning the ludi cetasti celebrated in Padua, and the enigmatic inscription from Padua, CIL, V, 2787 = ILS, 5202, also referring to these games. The paper gives a detailed account of the history of the interpretation of these two texts from the erudites of the Renaissance to our days, and thus also constitutes a contribution to the history of antiquarian and epigraphical studies.
La description des amphithéâtres de la Tunisie dans les récits des voyageurs
Authors: Kolendo Jerzy
Published: July 2021

En Tunisie, où 26 amphithéâtres sont connus, 21 ont été décrits ou mentionnés pour la première fois avant 1881. Les récits des voyageurs fournissent des informations précieuses sur ces monuments, dont certains ont disparu, ont été recouverts par des constructions modernes ou n’ont jamais été fouillés. Toutefois, pour apprécier la qualité de ces données anciennes, il convient de s’interroger sur la personnalité et la formation des auteurs de ces descriptions, qui utilisent parfois un schéma préconçu, plaquent leur connaissance livresque ou des édifices de l'Urbs sur des réalités provinciales, ou empruntent des éléments de description à leurs prédécesseurs. La comparaison des descriptions des voyageurs avec les monuments fouillés reste le moyen le plus sûr pour déterminer la valeur des différents récits.
Nouvelles bornes cadastrales du Hauran sous la Tétrarchie
Authors: Sartre Maurice
Published: July 2021

Six nouvelles bornes cadastrales de l’époque de la Tétrarchie, provenant du Hauran, fournissent des indications sur la toponymie antique et sur les censitores à l’œuvre dans cette région. Elles font connaître en particulier une nouvelle metrokomia à Neeila (enfin localisée) et permettent d’assurer le nom d’un censitor mal lu jusqu’ici, Marius Felix. Les lieux de trouvailles, tous situés au nord de l’Arabie, semblent confirmer que les villages englobés dans les cités qui occupent le sud du Hauran ne firent pas l’objet d’une cadastration séparée.
Le nymphée et les adductions d’eau à Soada-Dionysias de Syrie au IIe siècle après J.-C
Authors: Sartre-Fauriat Annie
Published: July 2021

The nymphaeum and the water pipes in Soada-Dionysias of Syria during the IInd century A.D.

In 1993, we found a lot of archives from W. J. Bankes, who traveled in the Near East at the beginning of the XIXth century. Among them, drawings of an antic nymphaeum in Suweidā’, (Ḥawrān) and a copy of the dedication then extant. First of all we know now what the nymphaeum looked like and the date of its building (105-106 A.D.), but we can also establish a relation between it and the many inscriptions about water pipes from the mountain.
Une incursion yéménite en Babylonie citée dans L’Agriculture nabatéenne
Authors: Fahd Toufy
Published: July 2021

Après avoir présenté L’Agriculture nabatéenne et précisé le but recherché, à savoir : contribuer à situer cette compilation géoponique mésopotamienne dans l’histoire, j’ai étudié un événement qui eut lieu sous le règne d’un roi qualifié de «mauvais augure», à cause d’une sécheresse prolongée aux conséquences funestes, au cours de laquelle un conquérant sud-arabe traverse la Babylonie et exige de son roi nourriture et fourrage pour ses hommes et ses chevaux. Devant le refus du second, un refus justifié par la famine dont souffraient ses sujets, le Yéménite menace d’envahir la région. Mais, après vérification par ses messagers des dires du roi et sur l’insistance de ses devins, il quitte le pays, considéré par ces derniers comme une terre de mauvais augure.

Dans une seconde partie, j’ai tenté de répondre, ne fût-ce que partiellement, aux deux questions laissées en suspens dans ce texte : d’une part, l’identité du roi babylonien et, d’autre part, celle du roi yéménite. Après un examen des faits contenus dans ce texte et leur vraisemblable véracité, il m’a paru possible que, sur les trente-deux noms de rois mentionnés dans L’Agr. nab., deux d’entre eux pourraient répondre à la première question : Silyâmâ ou Hînârâ (ou Gînâfâ), dont nous ignorons encore l’époque, tandis que le roi yéménite pourrait être Abi Karib As’ad ou son fils Hassân ; tous les deux ont entrepris des conquêtes vers l’Est, en passant par la Mésopotamie. Ces conquêtes ont eu lieu entre 378 et 449 de notre ère, époque qui pourrait être celle de la rédaction de la troisième recension de L’Agr. nab. par Qûtâmä.
La question des colonies latines sous l’Empire
Authors: Le Roux Patrick
Published: July 2021

Contrairement à l’opinion commune, l’article souligne la continuité de la colonisation latine et de ses méthodes sous l’Empire, au moins jusqu’à la fondation d’Avenches des Helvètes à l’époque flavienne. Le caractère latin d'Auenticum ne fait pas de doute si on s’en remet à l’épigraphie, au contexte historique et aux parallèles que constituent Nîmes, Trêves et Vienne. Tous ces exemples indiquent, en outre, que cette forme de colonisation n’était pas honoraire, mais impliquait, à l’image de la colonisation d’époque républicaine, l’installation effective de colons, dotés en partie de la citoyenneté romaine, destinés à se fondre avec les indigènes dans une cité coloniale et latine. L’évolution du droit latin depuis la Guerre Sociale rend compte de l’originalité de ces nouvelles fondations, mais elle n’entraîne pas une modification profonde de l’esprit de cette colonisation particulière aux territoires celtiques ou celtisés.
Les Grecs «barbarisés»
Authors: Bowersock G. W.
Published: July 2021

Un passage du sixième livre de Strabon affirme paradoxalement que toutes les communautés grecques du sud de l’Italie sont, à l’exception de trois villes, «barbarisées» de part en part. Une étude approfondie du mot grec qu’emploie ici le géographe et un examen de la situation historique de son époque montrent qu’il a dû emprunter son observation à un texte considérablement antérieur. Par conséquent on peut voir, en passant en revue les institutions de Vèlia et de Naples, que l’hellénisme du sud de l’Italie à l’époque de Strabon est tout autre chose qu’une «barbarisation» ou même que l’hellénisme de la Grèce et de l’Orient grec. C’est un nouvel hellénisme italien.
Clémence ou extermination : le pouvoir impérial et les barbares au IVe siècle
Authors: Heim François
Published: July 2021

La politique extérieure romaine était hésitante pendant tout le IVe siècle. Tantôt les empereurs usaient à l’égard des barbares de «clémence», en les admettant sur le sol de l’empire, où ils étaient invités à cultiver les terres en friche, à fournir des recrues aux légions et même à remplacer des artisans. Cette politique s’appuyait sur une théorie de la philanthropie, propagée surtout par les rhéteurs païens, qui reprenaient dans leurs discours et écrits des thèmes chers aux stoïciens. Tantôt les barbares se faisaient exterminer et cette politique-là était justifiée, elle aussi, par des théoriciens, qui prônaient la purification du sol romain, en usant d’une anthropologie douteuse. Les campagnes de Maximien, de Constantin, de Julien et de Valentinien visaient l’extermination des peuples établis sur le Rhin et le Danube autant que la défense des frontières.
Consular Fasti and Consular Dating during the Empire
Authors: Salomies Olii
Published: July 2021

In this paper, the author discusses the sources upon which the list of ordinary consuls during the Principate is based. He also points out some problems connected with the establishment of the list (variation in the order of the consuls’ names etc.). At the end of the paper he illustrates the problems by presenting and studying the sources concerning certain years (AD 175, 200, 201, 230 and 238).
The Ages of Man
Authors: Rouéché Charlotte
Published: July 2021

Les âges de l’homme

Un poème du début du XIIe s. (Les Mousai, attribuées à Alexis Comnenus) présente un usage nouveau de l’ancienne idée de la vie humaine divisée en 7 âges — s’achevant à 70 ans. L’auteur se lamente de voir ses contemporains mourir plus jeunes, bien que les documents de l’époque montrent que ce n’est pas le cas. Ces vues pessimistes reflètent une attitude médiévale replacée dans un cadre ancien. Dans l’antiquité gréco-romaine chaque âge a sa propre fonction, illustrée par l’appartenance à un groupe civique — la gerousia pour les vieillards. Dans l’Antiquité tardive, la gerousia disparaît ; à sa place, au Ve s., nous trouvons les premières institutions chargées de prendre soin des vieillards (gerokomeia ) — peut-être prévues au départ pour les moines âgés. L’institution devient progressivement importante à partir de la fin du VIe s. La conséquence en est une nouvelle attitude médiévale : au lieu d’être membre d’un groupe qui joue un rôle dans la société, les vieillards, tandis qu’on en prend davantage soin, sont de plus en plus associés à la faiblesse, à la maladie et au dépérissement — comme dans Les Mousai.
Liberalitas y aeternitas principis en Plinio el Joven
Authors: Dopico Caínzos Dolores
Published: July 2021

Plinio el Joven es el autor latino que con mas frecuencia predica en su obra la aeternitas principis. El análisis de sus textos nos revela que tel denominación, referida a Trajano, se vincula a une determinada forma de ejercer el poder, así como a medidas concretas de gobierno, en las que destacan los alimenta. El estudio de su obra nos permitirá ver que estes ayudas, y otras similares habitualmente consideradas como meros recursos propagandísticos (liberalitas, munificentia) forman parte de une política imperial que persigue el mantenimiento del Estado.
La politique et les affaires : à propos de deux familles orientales de Délos, à l’époque romaine
Authors: Baslez Marie-Françoise
Published: July 2021

L’étude prosopographique et onomastique de deux familles de Délos, attestées à la fin du IIe siècle — celle de Lysias d’Athènes et celle de Símalos de Salamine de Chypre — permet de proposer de nouvelles restitutions pour les inscriptions I.Délos 1527, 1543-1545, et de replacer ces familles dans leur milieu d’origine, en Orient. Il y a des relations étroites entre le milieu des affaires et les cercles des Cours à la fin du IIe siècle, soit que des courtisans utilisent leur position officielle pour créer ou développer des entreprises commerciales, soit que certains membres des grandes familles de marchands émigrent pour faire une carrière administrative. Nous proposons d’identifier un nouvel officier séleucide, satrape de la Séleukis au milieu du IIe siècle, Ménodotos fils de Lysias.
Inscription inédite du Qalamoun : notables de l’Antiliban sous le Haut-Empire romain
Authors: Rey-Coquais Jean-Paul
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung. — Eine unveröffentliche, bei Saidnaya im Qalamun gefundene, grieschische Inschrift lädt dazu ein, das Ideine Corpus der Inschriften aus dem Antilibanon erneut zu betrachten. Die gesamte Onomastik, und überhaupt die hier nicht zahlreich vertretenen rômischen gentilicia, lassen vermütlich erkennen, auf welch pragmatische Weise die römische Politik jahrhundertelang die einheimischen sozialen Strukturen benützt hat. Denn es ist anzunehmen, dass die auffallige Anwesenheit von Antonii, Iulii, Claudii den Fortschritten und Umständen der römischen Beherrschung entspricht ; die ersten römischen Herrscher hätten sich demnach auf einige wichtige zu ihrer Klientel gewordenen und mit dem römischen Bürgerrecht belohnten Familien verlassen, um Frieden und Ergebenheit in dieser rauhen Gebirgsgegend zu gewährleisten.
Les lois Licinia-Sextia : un nouvel examen
Authors: Hermon Ethella
Published: July 2021

This study re-evaluates the scholary debate over the law Licinia-Sextia de modum agrorum from the perspective of the validity of the entire legislative program, which also included the laws de consule plebeio and de aere alieno. The examination is made not only in light of the internal coherence of the programm but also with regards to the current state of scholarly kwowledge regarding this period. The study focusses on the following aspects :

— Introduction : the background of the episode.

— A. The legislative program : I. The various traditions ; I.1. The Livian tradition ; I.2. The competing traditions. II. The period of the consular tribunate ; II.1. The crisis begins ; II.2. Anarchy or a further year of power for the consular tribunate ? II.3. Anarchy ; II.4. The return of the consular tribunate ; III. 1 . Plebescite or laws ? III.2. The final election of Licinius and Sextius as popular tribunes ; III.3. The legislative programm is adopted ; III.4. The elections of 367.

— B. The ager gentilicius and the ager publicus : I.1. An ambivalent law ; II. The ager Veientanus ; III. Agrarian servitude.

— C. The agrarian modus and the zones of pasturing : I. An imaginary law ; II. A lex perfecta or minus quam perfecta ? ; II.1. The norms of property inheritance ; II.2. The agrarian norms ; II. 3. The norms of pasturing ; III. The beginnings of the praetorian law for the interpretation of agrarian norms and customs.

— Conclusion : a new attempt to reconstruct the episode.
Tradizioni dionisiache tra Paros e Pharos
Authors: Zaninović Marin
Published: July 2021

D’après le récit de Diodore de Sicile (XV, 13), des colons de l'île de Paros se sont installés sur l'île de Hvar (Lesina) en 385 av. J.-C. et ont fondé Pharos, l’actuelle Stari Grad (Città Vecchia). Paros, comme l'île voisine de Naxos, était un des grands centres grecs du culte de Dionysos. Il est donc naturel que les Pariens aient continué à adorer ce dieu dans leur nouvelle fondation. Ainsi sur les monnaies des Phariens de l'île de Hvar sont figurés la tête de Dionysos et un canthare ou une grappe de raisin ou une chèvre : ces symboles rappellent à la fois leur économie et l’attachement qu’ils portent à leur dieu. Déjà sur le monnayage de Paros, et tant qu’il dura, étaient représentés Dionysos, une grappe de raisin ou une chèvre. Par une importante inscription on sait, en outre, que les Phariens entretenaient des relations étroites avec leur métropole et sollicitèrent son aide dans des circonstances difficiles.

Bien que l’on n’ait pas découvert jusqu’à présent les vestiges d’un théâtre, comme sur l'île voisine d’Issa (Vis -Lissa), on peut conclure que les fêtes et cérémonies des Phariens se tenaient en l’honneur de Dionysos. À l’époque romaine ce culte se perpétua sous forme syncrétique : des reliefs de Silvain et de Liber ont été trouvés sur l'île de Hvar et dans plusieurs îles dalmates.
Sur une préface de P. L. Courier
Authors: Annequin Jacques
Published: July 2021

En février 1818 paraissait chez Bobée une traduction et une préface à «La Luciade ou l’Âne» sans nom de traducteur. Cette longue préface, cette traduction dues à P. L. Courier sont aujourd’hui bien oubliées.

Pourtant en 1818, le texte de Courier tranchait par ses recherches stylistiques sur les autres traductions et son étude des sources rompait avec une tradition bien établie.

Pourquoi l’oubli a-t-il fait disparaître ces lectures et interprétations à l’époque si nouvelles ? Le développement de la recherche dans d’autres perspectives n’explique pas tout. Sans doute faut-il évoquer une autre façon de lire, une autre approche littéraire et plus encore un changement dans le «mode de réception» des textes anciens.
Thebes and Sparta in the fourth century : Agelisaus’ Theban obsession
Authors: Hamilton Charles D.
Published: July 2021

Cet article présente les relations politiques entre Thèbes et Sparte de la fin de la guerre du Péloponnèse en 404 jusqu’à la bataille de Leuctres en 371. Sa thèse principale est que le roi spartiate Agesilas a exercé une influence forte sur la politique étrangère de son État, et que la base de cette politique était une rancune personnelle contre Thèbes. Lorsque les magistrats thébains l’ont expulsé d’Aulis, où il était en train de sacrifier, comme Agamemnon jadis, selon la tradition grecque, il se mit en colère et en garda rancoeur. L’examen d’une suite d’incidents dans lesquels Agésilas et Thèbes étaient impliqués, pendant les années 396-371, suggère qu ’Agesilas a poursuivi une politique continue d’inimitié envers Thèbes, dont le but était la soumission totale de celle-ci. Cette politique était à la fois personnelle et souvent irraisonnable. La réaction thébaine a conduit à Leuctres. Ainsi Agésilas est-il coupable de la faillite de son État.
La notion de «Syrien» dans l’Histoire Auguste et le cas d’Alexandre Sévère
Authors: Chauvot Alain
Published: July 2021

Pour l'Histoire Auguste, la notion de Syrien n’inclut pas seulement les reproches traditionnels de débauche, d’insolence et d’inauthenticité qu’on trouve chez Juvénal, et qui font de l’élément syrien un sous-ensemble de l’ensemble grec. Alors qu’Ammien Marcellin vient de célébrer la beauté de la Syrie, l'Histoire Auguste insiste sur la dissidence potentielle des Syriens, de nature politique, morale et culturelle ; ils sont proches de la barbarie et la Perse exerce sur eux sa fascination. C’est donc avec raison qu’Alexandre Sévère pouvait avoir honte de ses origines syriennes : le biographe ne lui reproche pas cette honte ; mais il invente un miroir du Prince vide des tares venues de l’hérédité, et remplacées par les mérites de l’entourage et la mauvaise conscience du Prince.