bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unveiling Kartagener’s Syndrome in a Young Male: A Case Report
Authors: Negandhi Priyanka Kalpesh , Acharya Sourya , Batra Nitish , Khan Mohd Faizan Ulla , Shaikh Rahil
Published: February 2025

Kartagener's Syndrome (KS) is a rare genetic condition that affects the cilia. It is characterised by a situs inversus triad, chronic sinusitis, and bronchiectasis, distinguishing it from other diseases. This disease leads to impairment of ciliary movement, which leads to recurrent respiratory infections, infertility, and infections associated with the ears, nose, and throat. The authors present a rare case of a 29-year-old male who presented to the hospital with complaints of high-grade fever associated with chills, cold and coughs with expectoration for five days. On further inquiry, he revealed that he has been suffering from recurrent sinusitis and lower and upper respiratory tract infections. He had been admitted in private hospitals for pneumonia 5-6 times. Clinical examination revealed consolidation features, and investigations revealed features of KS and consolidation. These symptoms were treated per conventional guidelines, and the patient was discharged. This case report highlights the importance of suspecting atypical syndromes when a patient presents with recurrent respiratory tract infections.
The Hidden Aftermath: A Case of Late-stage Bronchial Stenosis Post-tuberculosis
Authors: Deshmukh Swapnil , Agarwal Vasu
Published: February 2025

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health problem globally. Post-tuberculous pulmonary complications can manifest years after the initial infection, often presenting as unexpected and severe respiratory symptoms. This case report illustrates a unique presentation of late-onset post-tuberculous bronchial stenosis in a 36-year-old female who experienced acute chest pain and subsequent lung collapse. Despite a 15-year asymptomatic period following TB treatment, the patient developed significant airway obstruction due to fibrotic changes in the bronchial wall. This case underscores the importance of considering late-onset complications in patients with a history of TB, even in the absence of recent symptoms. In present case, the history and clinical profile led to a prompt diagnosis with appropriate management to alleviate the patient’s symptoms.
Building Environmental Resilience to Climate Change: Mitigation and Adaptation in Yobe State, Nigeria
Authors: Mshelia Simon Stephen , Jajere Ibrahim Ahmed , Mbaya Arhyel Yusuf , Lawan Bulama
Published: February 2025

The study examined building environmental resilience to climate change in Yobe State, Nigeria, that assessed mitigation and adaptation strategies by studying rainfall data from Nigerian Metrological Agency (NiMET) over a period 40 year while the analysis and field data collection was done in one year (January, 2024 – January, 2025). The research employed both quantitative and qualitative methods and gathered rainfall data from NiMET (1984 – 2024) and on the current state of environmental resilience to climate change in the area. The quantitative methods involved the use of descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation and determined co-efficient of variation (C.V) that ascertained how rainfall fluctuated in the area over the years while the qualitative employed in-depth interviews, focus group discussion, reviewed of literatures and field investigations. The results of rainfall anomaly and variability showed highest co-efficient of variation of 37.40% and 35.20% from 1984-2024 respectively are evidences of the manifestation of climate change in Yobe State. The result equally reveals that the annual rainfall was stable and not fluctuating during the period 2014-2024 around Nguru and during 2004-2013 in Potiskum with the lowest C.V of 22.53% and 6.91% respectively. The findings further revealed mitigation strategies involve sustainable agricultural practices, afforestation and reforestation, improved transportation and renewable energy initiatives. Concurrently, adaptation includes enhancing water management systems, community-based early warning systems, ecosystem restoration, insurance and financial assistance. The study recommends keying into Climate Resilience Framework (CRF), addressing both mitigation and adaptation, can enhance environmental resilience, provides valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and other stakeholders in the development of sustainable and adaptive solutions to climate change in Yobe State and beyond.
Morphometric Characterization of Sudda Vagu Basin in a Hard rock Aquifer System Using Geospatial and Geostatistical Tools in Part of Nirmal District, Telangana State, India
Authors: Priyanka T. , Veeraiah B. , Jogu Linga Swamy , Kishoor K. , Gardas Naveen Kumar
Published: February 2025

Using LISS-IV satellite data and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), this study aims to analyze the morphometric characteristics of the Sudda Vagu basin, located in the northwestern part of Telangana state. The primary objective is to compute detailed morphometric parameters and assess their influence on the hydrogeological conditions of the region. The basin, covering a drainage area of 323.8 square kilometers, exhibits a dendritic to sub-dendritic drainage pattern, indicative of homogeneous lithology and gentle slopes with minimal structural control. Stream development in the basin is predominantly influenced by rainfall patterns. The analysis reveals that first-order streams dominate the basin, with the highest total number and length of stream segments, which gradually decrease with increasing stream order. The nearly consistent bifurcation ratio (Rb) across successive stream orders suggests limited structural control. A positive correlation is observed between drainage density (Dd) and stream frequency (Fs), with values of 1.108 and 1.504, respectively. The drainage density indicates the presence of dense vegetation and porous subsurface soil, while the stream frequency reflects a well-developed drainage network. The basin's elongated shape is confirmed by the Circularity Ratio (Rc) of 0.403 and the Elongation Ratio (Re) of 0.35, suggesting a permeable subsurface, moderate runoff discharge, and an elongated basin morphology. The Form Factor (Ff) value of 0.097 indicates a flatter peak flow over an extended duration, characteristic of elongated basins. Such basins are easier to manage in terms of flood control compared to circular basins. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that morphometric analysis using GIS techniques is a powerful tool for understanding the geo-hydrological characteristics of a region. It provides valuable insights for effective watershed planning and management, highlighting the importance of integrating geospatial tools in hydrological studies.
Nutritional, Functional, Microbiological and Organoleptic Properties of Breakfast Cereals Formulated from Maize, Soybean and Carrot Flour Blends
Authors: J. I. Okoye, , O. C Ebeh, , S. I Eze,
Published: February 2025

This study was carried out to evaluate the nutrient composition, functional, microbiological and sensory properties of breakfast cereals formulated from flour blends of maize, soybean and carrot. Each sample of the flours was used at varying replacement levels (5-25%) to complement the malted maize flour in the production of breakfast cereals with breakfast cereal produced from 100% malted maize flour as control. The nutrient composition, functional, microbial and sensory properties of the breakfast cereals were determined using standard methods. The proximate composition of the samples showed that the moisture, crude protein, fat, ash and crude fibre contents of the breakfast cereals increased significantly (p<0.05) with increased substitution of soybean and carrot flours. The mineral composition of the samples showed that the calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, iron and zinc contents of the samples also increased with increase in addition of soybean and carrot flours. The vitamin composition showed that the ascorbic acid, niacin, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin A and folic acid contents of the samples ranged from 22.19-71.61mg/100g, 62.73-120.32mg/100g, 4.36-5.57mg/100g, 5.37-6.51mg/100g, 18.62-78.75mg/100g and 3.02-3.81mg/ 100g, respectively. Result showed that the vitamin contents of the samples increased with increased substitution of soybean and carrot flours. The microbial counts of the breakfast cereal products showed that the total viable count of the samples ranged from 0.42 × 104-1.14 × 104 cfu/g, while the coliform and fungal counts were nil. The functional properties (bulk density, water absorption capacity, solubility index, gelation capacity, swelling capacity and oil absorption capacity) of the samples increased significantly (p<0.05) with increased substitution of soybean and carrot flours from 1.24-1.37 g/cm3, 35.14-93.34 ml/g, 48.76-91.67 %, 42.42-71.15 g/g, 4.77-9.15 g/g and 1.41-5.81 g/g, respectively. The sensory properties of the samples showed that the porridge prepared from the breakfast cereal made with 100% malted maize flour was the most acceptable by the judges and also differed significantly (p<0.05) in colour, texture, taste and aroma from composite flour breakfast cereals. Although the porridge made from the control sample was organoleptically most acceptable, the porridges prepared from the formulated breakfast cereal samples were also rated high in all the sensory attributes evaluated by the judges. The study, however, showed that the nutrient contents and functional properties of maize-based breakfast cereals could be improved by substituting the maize flour with soybean and carrot flours at varied proportions in preparation of the breakfast cereal products.
Formulation of Jackfruit Based Functional Greek Yoghurt and Its Influence on Sensory Attributes
Authors: Venugopal Harini , H Arunkumar
Published: February 2025

The research aimed to develop a jackfruit-based functional Greek yoghurt and evaluate its effect on sensory attributes. Greek yoghurt was prepared following a standard protocol by heating cow’s milk to 90°C for five minutes, cooling it to 45°C, and adding 0.30% freeze-dried DVS yoghurt culture. The mixture was incubated at 45°C for four hours, de-wheyed, and blended with jackfruit pulp and sugar in a 1:1 ratio at concentrations of 20%, 30%, and 40%. Sensory evaluation was conducted using a 9-point hedonic scale by a panel of six judges, and statistical analysis was performed using R software. The results showed that the Greek yoghurt with 40% jackfruit pulp had the highest acceptance based on sensory attributes. The incorporation of jackfruit pulp enhanced the flavour, texture, and overall sensory properties, making it a viable functional ingredient for dairy-based products. Jackfruit’s bioactive compounds also offer potential health benefits, making the product more appealing to health-conscious consumers. This study highlights the feasibility of using jackfruit to develop novel, value-added dairy products. Further research is recommended to assess the long-term stability, microbial safety, and consumer acceptance in broader markets.
Moisture Sorption Isotherm (MSI) of Greek Yogurt
Authors: Prasad S. , Ahuja K.K. , Hazra T.
Published: February 2025

In this study, Moisture sorption isotherm of Greek yogurt were investigated at 15°C, 25°C and 35°C using the standard, static gravimetric method. The purpose of this study was to understand the moisture behaviour of Greek yogurt and to evaluation models for prediction this behaviour. Experimental data were fitted to four models (GAB, BET, Halsey and Caurie) were tested for predicting the sorption data, the best fit as indicated by % RMSE, %RE and R2 values. The Moisture sorption isotherm (MSI) of Greek yogurt exhibited a sigmoid shape and was classified as Type II. The equilibrium moisture content increased gradually at the lower water activities followed by a steep rise at higher water activities. The BET monolayer decreased from 6.8 g of water /100g of solid at 15°C to 6.5 g of water /100g of solids at 35°C. The GAB monolayer decreased from 10.5 g of water /100g of solid at 15°C to 9.6 g of water /100g of solids at 25°C and further reduced to 9.1 g of water/100g of solids at 35°C. The bound water in Greek yogurt decreased from 13.92 % at 15°C to11.03% at 35°C. According to the study the GAB model emerged as the most effective in predicting the moisture sorption behavior of Greek yogurt.
Teaching Writing to English Language Learners Through a Constructivist Approach
Authors: Cervatiuc Andreea
Published: February 2025

The 20th century was dominated by a traditional approach to teaching writing to English language learners, which was product‐oriented and focused primarily on form and grammatical correctness. In the 21st century, teaching writing to English language learners has been gradually shifting towards a constructivist approach that focuses on meaning, creativity, collaboration, and writing for an audience. Through constructivist writing, learners co‐create knowledge and engage in meaningful dialogue with their teachers, peers, and texts. A balanced constructivist approach to teaching writing combines a focus on
writing genres
,
scaffolding
, and
treating writing as a process
. The role of constructivist teachers is to create communities of writers in their classrooms, guide students through their composing and revising processes, and engage them in authentic, collaborative, engaging, and creative writing activities.
Individual Differences and L2 Writing
Authors: Manchón Rosa M. , Sanz Cristina
Published: February 2025

This entry synthesizes theory and research on the implication of individual differences in L2 writing. We first highlight the theoretical and practical relevance of studying how learner factors may contribute to L2 writing processes and writing products. This is followed by a synthesis of key theoretical positions and research findings on the role of individual differences in the act of writing itself as well as in the engagement with the feedback provided on one's own writing. The entry finishes by listing pedagogical implications related to two crucial dimensions of pedagogical decision making in the teaching of L2 writing: The choice and implementation of writing tasks, on the one hand, and key concerns in feedback provision and processing, on the other.
Relationship Between Bullshit, Cognitive Skills, and Belief Systems: A Meta‐Analytic Review
Authors: Sepúlveda‐Páez Geraldy , Leiva‐Bianchi Marcelo , Ferrer‐Urbina Rodrigo , Escudero‐Pastén Javier , Salas Fabiola
Published: February 2025

Bullshit—verbal statements with little or no concern for the truth—has sparked a growing interest in individual traits, with an increase in the number of studies aimed at understanding why people are more receptive to this type of false information. This review seeks to identify variables associated with bullshit receptivity. To this end, a meta‐analysis was conducted using two databases (Web of Science and Scopus). From 451 articles reviewed, those that met the inclusion criteria were included in 12 meta‐analyses. The results (k = 46) confirmed direct associations between bullshit receptivity and factors such as motivational quotes, mundane statements, confabulations, conspiracy mentality, religious and paranormal beliefs, and/or faith in intuition. Additionally, receptivity was indirectly associated with cognitive reflection tests, verbal intelligence, and numerical abilities. These findings offer a deeper understanding of the phenomenon and identify key variables that could help mitigate bullshit receptivity.
Conductive Sponge Sensor with Tunnel Crack Based on a Combination of Physical Vapor Deposition and Electroless Deposition
Authors: Zhao Hang , She Pengyu , Zhu Yidan , Huang Zhiwen , Zhu Jianmin
Published: February 2025

Tunnel crack‐based conductive sponge sensors have drawn much interest due to their broad range and great sensitivity. On intricate 3D sponge structures, conductive coatings created by physical vapor deposition invariably have a nonuniform thickness. The poor stability of the crack structure and the random width of the tunnel cracks formed on the nonuniform conductive coatings significantly limit the repeatability of the sensors. This research suggests a combination of physical vapor deposition and electroless deposition to prepare conductive coatings on sponges with a uniform thickness; this enhances the consistency of the tunnel crack widths that are later constructed. After a thin layer of conductive coating is deposited to the sponge surface using physical vapor deposition, the treated sponge undergoes electroless deposition to enhance the uniformity of the conductive coating, and cyclic compression is used to create the tunnel cracks. The sensor is more stable with the electroless deposition process than the untreated sponge sensor, and there is not much difference between the various sensor samples. This work presents the design of a sensor with excellent stability, low cost, easy preparation, and exemplary performance in human activity signal detection, indicating a wide range of applications.
Bone Implants with Promoted Antibacterial and Osteointegration Performances via a One‐Step Surface‐Bioactivation Strategy Based on Polyphenol‐Amine Chemistry
Authors: Xu Chi , Sun Meizhou , Lv Shuai , Liu Xuanzhi , Zhao Nana , Li Yang , Duan Shun , Xu Fu‐Jian , Geng Wei , Sun Yujie
Published: February 2025

Implant‐associated infections are the most critical threat to orthopedic surgeries. Various surface‐modification strategies are developed to impart antibacterial properties and osteogenesis‐promoting abilities to the surfaces of implants. Nevertheless, a straightforward strategy for constructing a functional, stable, bioactive implant surface remains challenging. Here, a facile one‐step surface‐bioactivation method is developed that enhances both the anti‐infection capabilities and osteointegration performance of implants. This approach utilized a kind of coating that integrates antibacterial agents and osteogenesis‐promoting components directly onto the surface of titanium implants. The cationic antibacterial agent and the bone‐adhesion‐enhancing peptide are covalently attached via a Michael reaction to poly (tannic acid) (PTA) to create dual‐functional implants (Ti‐PR). The Ti‐PR surface effectively eliminated more than 99% of the common pathogenic bacteria and significantly enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro. The cell‐bacteria competitive culture assay on the Ti‐PR surface confirms its bactericidal and cell proliferation‐promoting properties. Additionally, RNA‐Seq analysis indicated that PI3K/Akt pathways played a crucial role in enhancing osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. The superior anti‐infection and osteogenesis performances are confirmed in an implant‐related bone infection model in vivo. This study provided an efficient one‐step strategy for the design and production of innovative multifunctional implants.
Embedding Pure‐Phase Fe3C Functional Sites Into Biochar Matrix for Multi‐Scenario Electrocatalytic Ammonia Synthesis and Energy Conversion Utilization
Authors: Liu Yuelong , Bai Rui , Feng Yijing , Wang Haijian , Ye Qiao , Li Cuiyu , Zhao Yan , Zhou Yingtang , Hu Guangzhi , Zhao Xue
Published: February 2025

The rational design and development of application‐oriented advanced functional catalysts is crucial for facilitating the conversion of nitrogen oxides into high‐value ammonia. Herein, biomass derived from the pomelo peel, which is rich in metal complex groups and exhibits a metallic foam‐like framework, is utilized as a precursor. Iron carbide (Fe3C) active sites are incorporated into the locally 2D, and globally 3D biochar structure, enabling the multi‐scenario green synthesis of ammonia and integrated energy utilization. As a catalyst, Fe3C‐BC achieved an ammonia yield rate of up to 102120.53 µg h⁻¹ mgcat⁻¹, with a maximum ammonia selectivity of 100%. A flow‐based electrolysis system featuring Fe3C‐BC not only facilitated the continuous synthesis of ammonia but also enhanced solar energy harvesting. Additionally, a nitrate battery employing Fe3C‐BC as the anode exhibited high energy output and enabled self‐driven ammonia synthesis, offering novel insights and operational solutions for the future of green ammonia production. Density‐functional‐theory calculations confirmed that Fe3C actively reduces the energy barrier of key steps in the eNitRR process while accelerating water dissociation to promote sustained proton supply. These findings collectively provide a promising foundation for advancing the green synthesis of ammonia, emphasizing both efficient catalytic performance and sustainable energy integration.
Organic Electrochemical Transistor Channel Materials: Copolymerization Versus Physical Mixing of Glycolated and Alkoxylated Polymers
Authors: Bynens Lize , Zhang Kaishuai , Cavassin Priscila , Goossens Arwin , Vanderspikken Jochen , Castillo Tania C. H. , Tsokkou Demetra , Marks Adam , Magni Arianna , Weaver Karrie , Lutsen Laurence , Inal Sahika , Vandewal Koen , Banerji Natalie , Maes Wouter
Published: February 2025

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) feature a polymer channel capable of conducting both ions and electronic charges. The choice of the channel material is critical for OECT performance. Many efforts have focused on improving performance via the chemical tunability of conjugated polymers – through backbone, side chain, and molar mass engineering – leading to useful design principles for accumulation‐mode OECT materials. However, tuning the chemical structure of conjugated polymers often requires time‐consuming optimization of the synthesis route. Meanwhile, variations in molar mass, dispersity, structural defects, and metal content present challenges when attempting to analyze the detailed effects of structural modifications, as multiple performance‐determining factors are often (unintentionally) changed at the same time. Therefore, this study explores blended channel materials obtained by physically mixing glycolated and alkoxylated polymers in different ratios, and compares their OECT performance with the corresponding statistical copolymers. It is shown that mixing two well‐performing materials creates blends that enable rational tuning of the transistor properties without compromising on performance. Thus, channels based on blends of alkoxylated and glycolated polymers hold promise for OECT technology with tailored response, as only two materials are needed to achieve any desired side chain ratio, simplifying the optimization of OECT characteristics.
Research on the Mechanism of Space Charge Layer in Gel Electrolyte: Synergistic Effects of PFPE Networks and Li₂O
Authors: Zhao Xinyue , Ma Kanghou , Zhao Yu , Wang Sunfa , Zhang Ge , Wang Chen , Zhou Fangshuo , Zhang Yaohui
Published: February 2025

The increasing demand for energy in portable electronics and electric vehicles has highlighted the necessity for lithium‐ion batteries that offer high energy density, safety, and long cycle life. To address this challenge, this study introduces a novel gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) based on a poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene)‐perfluoropolyether methacrylate (PH‐PFPE) 3D network structure, integrated with lithium oxide (Li₂O) fillers that form a space charge layer (SCL). Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) utilizing this new gel electrolyte demonstrate exceptional rate performance across a broad current density range (0.2 to 4 C) and retain 95.64% of their capacity after 1500 cycles at 3 C. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the microstructure and interfacial properties of both the electrode materials and gel electrolytes. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations reveal the molecular‐level synergistic effect between the polymer and fillers, which significantly enhances lithium‐ion transport.
Hierarchical Carbon‐Based Electrocatalyst with Functional Separation Properties for Efficient pH Universal Nitrate Reduction
Authors: Liu Xiaowen , Zhao Linjie , Shen Yuanqing , Peng Weihua , Mao Baoguang , Hou Jianhua , Wang Dan , Chen Xiaochun , Dai Yao , Zhang Canjie , Hu Chuangang
Published: February 2025

The electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate (eNO3−RR) to ammonia (NH3) across varying pH is of great significance for the treatment of practical wastewater containing nitrate. However, developing highly active and stable catalysts that function effectively in a wide pH range remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a hierarchical carbon‐based metal‐free electrocatalyst (C‐MFEC) of winged carbon coaxial nanocables (W‐CCNs, in situ generated graphene nanosheets and outside carbon layer with abundant topological defects from pristine carbon nanotubes, CNTs), is prepared through moderate oxidation of CNTs and the subsequent introduction of topological defects. The W‐CCNs feature functional separation properties, with an inner core of pristine CNTs that facilitates efficient charge transfer, while the outer shell is composed of in situ generated graphene nanosheets and carbon layers enriched with topological defects characterized by distinct carbon atom configurations, which play a crucial role in promoting the adsorption of NO3−, the dissociation of water, and the N─H bond formation. This innovative design enables the C‐MFEC to exhibit outstanding performance for eNO3−RR, operating efficiently with the NH3 yield rates of 49.5, 75.3, and 88.1 g h−1 gcat.−1 in acidic, neutral, and alkaline media, respectively. Such performance metrics not only outshine C‐MFECs but also rival or surpass those of certain metal‐based catalysts.
Carbon Surface Chemistry: Benchmark for the Analysis of Oxygen Functionalities on Carbon Materials
Authors: Dang Yuying , Liu Yumeng , Xiang Pan , Tan Zhengwen , Tian Ziqi , Greiner Mark , Heumann Saskia , Ding Yuxiao , Qiao Zhen‐An
Published: February 2025

The explicit roles of the hardly avoidable oxygen species on carbon materials in various fields remain contentious due to the limitations of characterization techniques, which lead to a lack of fundamental understanding of carbon surface chemistry. This study delves exhaustively into the comprehension of the features of different oxygen‐modified carbons through the dynamic evolution of surficial oxygen functional groups. Significant differences of thermal stability and electronic properties among various oxygen species are elucidated via in situ characterizations and theoretical calculations, providing a reliable benchmark for identifying oxygen functional groups on carbon materials. The chemical properties of the carbon materials are simultaneously investigated to show the influence of the oxygen functional groups on carbon structures, redox stability, and scalable metal adsorption. These findings not only consider the common misconception that oxygen species produced under various conditions possess identical properties but also raise awareness of understanding carbon surface chemistry in the atomic level.
Research Progress of Intelligent Anti‐Corrosion Coatings and Their Healing Agents
Authors: Liu Sudan , Zhao Changyong , Huang Hualiang
Published: February 2025

Metals are prone to corrosion, so the development of efficient intelligent protective coatings has become a major demand. In recent years, researchers have made significant progress in intelligent anti‐corrosion coatings field. Intelligent anti‐corrosion coatings can precisely release the required healing agents or change the solid–liquid phase transition of the coatings in response to external stimuli, such as pH, temperature, and redox, achieving intelligent anti‐corrosion. This review summarized the classifications of anti‐corrosion coatings, discussed the triggering response mechanisms of intelligent anti‐corrosion coatings, and explored corrosion inhibitors as healing agents for intelligent anti‐corrosion coatings, aiming to provide a reference for further development.
Small Singlet–Triplet Gap Terpolymer Donor with a Simple Pt Complex Enables Organic Solar Cells with Low Energy Loss and Over 19.2% Efficiency
Authors: Luo Dou , Zhang Lifu , Li Lanqing , Dai Tingting , Zhou Erjun , Quan Mao , Zhang Hongyang , Kyaw Aung Ko Ko , Wong Wai‐Yeung
Published: February 2025

Suppressing the non‐radiative loss in the organic solar cells (OSCs) through molecular design remains a significant challenge. Typically, triplet state of organic semiconductors is lower than the charge transfer (CT) state, contributing to substantial non‐radiative loss via the triplet state. Herein, a set of terpolymers is prepared by introducing a simple Pt complex block into the PM6 polymer backbone. These metalated terpolymers exhibit high triplet energy (ET1) and small singlet–triplet energy gap (∆EST), facilitating fast intersystem crossing (ISC) process to generate triplet excitons. Consequently, the metalated terpolymers show enhanced exciton lifetime and diffusion length, and most importantly, effectively suppress the non‐radiative recombination via terminal triplet loss channels. Moreover, the Pt complex modifies the molecular aggregation of the polymer, hence optimizing the morphology of the active blends. The PM6‐Pt1:L8‐BO devices achieve a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.54% (certified as 18.32%), the highest reported for metalated terpolymers to date. The PCE is further increased to a record high 19.24% in the PM6‐Pt1:PM6:L8‐BO (0.8:0.2:1.2, wt/wt/wt) ternary devices. Overall, this work provides a feasible approach to designing terpolymers with high ET1, thereby reducing non‐radiative loss in the OSCs.
Localized Alkaline Microenvironments Enhanced upon Tip Effects for Efficient Antibacterial Applications
Authors: Chen Junrong , Liu Hao , Wang Yanjing , Wang Shang , Liu Yang‐Yu , Fu Zhujun , Shi Hao , Sun Tong , Xu Yuanhong
Published: February 2025

The electrochemical disinfection mechanism primarily relies on a high‐voltage pulsed electric field and electrocatalytic generation of highly oxidative radicals but suffers from shortcomings of either high voltages (dozens of kV) or significant gas supply. This study proposes an in situ electrocatalytic sterilization strategy that forms localized alkaline microenvironments in neutral electrolytes under a constant current of −12 mA at a relatively lower voltage (−0.5 V vs. RHE). The nanowire cathode surface can effectively adsorb hydronium ions (H3O+) from the solution during H2 evolution, leading to a rapid increase in hydroxide ions (OH−) concentration in the surrounding solution. This leads to a high diffusion zone of OH−, creating a localized alkaline microenvironment. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) and finite element analysis (FEA) reveal that the nanowire‐derived tip‐enhanced effect significantly enhances OH− accumulation around the cathode, effectively inactivating Escherichia coli (E. coli) at 107 CFU/mL within 3 minutes at −0.5 V. The resulting increase in OH− concentration drives rapid sterilization by inhibiting bacterial ATP synthesis and inducing oxidative stress. This method can efficiently inactivate microorganisms in a short time, while having minimal impact on the overall pH of the environment, making it a safe and environmentally friendly approach.
Creation of Dopant‐Plasmon Synergism in Double Perovskites for Bias‐free Photoelectrochemical Synthesis of Bromohydrins and Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Li Linqian , Luo Qiang , Wang Yifan , Zhang Xueli , Wen Yating , Wang Ning , AlShahrani Thamraa , Ma Shengqian
Published: February 2025

The integration of photoexcited charge carriers into the synthesis of valuable chemicals offers substantial sustainability benefits, particularly by replacing toxic and costly oxidants and reductants typically used in conventional processes. The efficiency of such transformations is fundamentally governed by the ability to optimize light absorption and charge carrier dynamics within photoelectrodes/photocatalysts. Herein, we present a Cu+/Cu2+‐substituted double perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6 photoanode, embedded with plasmonic Ag nanoparticles, for bias‐free photoelectrochemical production of bromohydrins and H2O2. Spectroscopic analyses, coupled with three‐dimensional finite‐difference time‐domain simulations, demonstrate that the inclusion of Ag nanoparticles significantly enhances electromagnetic energy utilization and improves carrier separation efficiency. The synergistic effect of the Cu2+ and Ag nanoparticles results in a 7‐fold increase in the yield of 2‐bromo‐1‐phenylethanol, compared to pristine Cs2AgBiBr6, alongside an impressive H2O2 productivity of 25.8 μmol h−1 cm−2. Experimental and theoretical investigations reveal that the Cu2+ substitution strengthens Br− adsorption and oxidation, promoting the bromohydroxylation of alkenes via electrophilic addition in the bulk solution. These findings offer critical insights into the design of advanced metal halide perovskites for sustainable and solar‐driven chemical transformations.
A Highly Selective and Versatile Probe Platform for Visualization of Monoacylglycerol Lipase
Authors: Hentsch Axel , Guberman Mónica , Radetzki Silke , Kaushik Sofia , Huizenga Mirjam , Paul Jerome , Schippers Maria , Benz Jörg , Kuhn Bernd , Heer Dominik , Topp Andreas , Esteves Gloria Ludivine , Walter Alexander , Hochstrasser Remo , Wittwer Matthias B. , von Kries Jens Peter , Collin Ludovic , Blaising Julie , van der Stelt Mario , Lipstein Noa , Grether Uwe , Nazaré Marc
Published: February 2025

Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a key enzyme for signal termination in the endocannabinoid system (ECS). MAGL inhibition results in indirect activation of the cannabinoid receptors, which offers unique advantages for the treatment of, e.g., multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and other neurological disorders. Molecular imaging techniques are valuable tools to overcome the current poor understanding of MAGL's distribution and role in patho‐ and physiological processes within ECS signaling. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and validation of highly selective versatile fluorescent and click‐chemistry probes for MAGL. Structure‐based design combined with a reverse‐design approach allowed the development of a structural unit that selectively and effectively recognizes MAGL while offering a versatile platform to attach different fluorophores and further reporter units. In this way, labeled probes with sub‐nanomolar potency carrying diverse fluorescent dyes were obtained. Probe affinity and selectivity remained invariant to changes in the fluorophore subunit, showing the remarkable robustness of this platform in delivering tailor‐made probes. Highly consistent inhibition across species supports pharmacological model translatability. Extensive profiling and validation in various cellular systems shows the ability of these highly potent and selective probes to elucidate the complex role of MAGL in ECS cellular signaling, inflammatory processes, and disease progression.
Conformationally Stable and Sterically Hindered Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane‐1,3‐diammonium Modification of FAPbI3 Enhances the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ren Ming , Zhang Jing , Cai Yaohang , Pfeifer Lukas , Mu Yanfei , Yuan Yi , Zhang Min , Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Grätzel Michael , Wang Peng
Published: February 2025

Solution‐processed α‐FAPbI3 perovskite films frequently exhibit structural defects and impurities that impede the durable operation of solar cells. In this study, we introduced a conformationally stable, sterically bulky molecular passivator, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane‐1,3‐diammonium iodide (BCPDAI), by spin‐coating from an isopropanol solution onto the perovskite film surface, followed by thermal annealing. This treatment effectively converted PbI2 and δ‐FAPbI3 into a two‐dimensional perovskite structure and significantly enhanced the crystal quality of α‐FAPbI3. The BCPDAI‐treated perovskite films exhibited smoother surface morphology and reduced trap densities for charge carriers, leading to improved power conversion efficiency in the solar cells. Notably, the BCPDAI‐modified perovskite films provided the solar cells with enhanced operational stability. Theoretical calculations demonstrated that the high positive charge density of BCPDA2+ confers greater binding energy at the perovskite surface and elevates the diffusion activation energy of the iodide anion.
Effects of Artificial Reefs on the Macrobenthic Community Structure Through Functional Trait Analysis
Authors: Wang Jiao , Jiang Shaoyu , Sun Debin , Yi Fan , Liu Hang , Chen Linlin , Li Baoquan , Chen Jing
Published: February 2025

Artificial reefs enhance marine biodiversity by increasing habitat complexity and heterogeneity, which in turn provide living space for various marine species. Macrobenthos, an important component of aquatic ecosystems, with limited mobility and sensitivity to environmental changes, commonly serve as indicators of aquatic ecosystem health. This study, conducted in the summer and autumn of 2022 in Sishili Bay (SB) and the Changdao Archipelago (CA), Yantai, China, aimed to evaluate the effects of artificial reefs on macrobenthic community structure using functional trait analysis. The nonmetric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) analysis based on species abundance and occurrence frequency did not reveal any clear separation between areas inside and outside the artificial reefs. However, the construction of artificial reefs increased the species number of macrobenthos, especially the Mollusca species. Feeding type, a key functional trait, distinguished areas inside and outside artificial reefs, with significant spatial and temporal variations. The key species driving differences between reef and nonreef areas include the carnivorous Lumbrineris longifolia and Glycinde bonhourei and the omnivorous Eriopisella sechellensis and Sigambra bassi, which were pivotal in the observed variations in relative abundance. Functional richness (FRic) and species richness (S) showed consistent patterns of variation, both contributing to improving the community stability in summer. However, in autumn, community stability was reduced by the extraordinary dominance of a single species. Multiple environmental factors rather than a single one significantly influenced species distribution and diversity, reflecting the complex interplay of reefs and seasonal dynamics. This study used functional trait analysis to assess the impact of artificial reefs on macrobenthic community structure, offering a more effective measure than species‐level assessments.
Central Sensitivity Symptoms and Autistic Traits in Autistic and Non‐Autistic Adults
Authors: Grant Sarah , Norton Sam , Hoekstra Rosa A.
Published: February 2025

Central sensitivity syndromes (CSSs) are a group of health conditions thought to include an underlying sensitisation of the central nervous system. Evidence suggests autistic adults experience poorer physical health than the general population and are more likely to have a CSS. This study examined CSS diagnoses and symptoms in autistic and non‐autistic adults, to determine whether CSS symptoms were related to autistic traits, mental health, sensory sensitivity, age or gender. Participants included 534 adults with clinical diagnoses of autism, CSS, both diagnoses or neither (i.e., comparison group), who were recruited through social media, support groups and institutional affiliations. Participants completed online self‐report validated questionnaires, including the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI), Sensory Perception Quotient (SPQ), and the PHQ‐9 and GAD‐7. Autistic people without a diagnosed CSS reported significantly more CSS symptoms than the comparison group, with a mean score above the clinical cut‐off. Non‐autistic participants with a CSS had significantly more autistic traits than the comparison group. Autistic people with a CSS reported the most sensory sensitivity, with autism only and CSS only groups reporting similar levels of sensory sensitivity and all diagnostic groups reporting more sensory sensitivity than the comparison group. Sensory sensitivity, anxiety, autistic traits, age and gender were all significant predictors of CSS symptoms. The overlap in symptoms between autistic individuals and those with CSS suggests diagnostic overshadowing and possible under‐diagnosis or misdiagnosis. Furthermore, these symptoms may exacerbate or mask one another. Notwithstanding potential limitations of representativeness and selection bias, increased awareness of the association between autistic traits and CSS symptoms is important for clinicians to improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment.
Peptide Fluorescent Probes Based on Aggregation‐Induced Emission for the Detection of Ni2+ and Zn2+ in Different Buffer Systems
Authors: Wang Dajiang , Ji Ping , Liu Xiaomei , Hu Xin
Published: February 2025

Heavy metal contamination has emerged as a significant global environmental concern. The contamination of Ni2+ and Zn2+ has attracted increasing attention, not only because of the pollution it causes but also because of the potential risks it poses to human health. It is of great importance to explore sensitive and rapid analytical methods for the accurate detection of Ni2+ and Zn2+. This paper presents the design and synthesis of a peptide fluorescent probe, TPE‐HN (TPE‐Pro‐Trp‐His‐Glu‐Phe‐Gln‐NH2), coupled with a peptide to tetraphenylethylene (TPE). The aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) effect has been employed to construct a rapid ‘turn‐on’ assay for Ni2+and Zn2+ peptide fluorescent probes. The probe is capable of qualitatively detecting Ni2+ and Zn2+ in different buffer systems and can be distinguished by changes in buffer systems. The limit of detection for Ni2+ and Zn2+ in a 15% buffer solution was 9.613 mM (R2 = 0.9924), whereas the limit of detection for Ni2+ in a 20% buffer solution was 1.215 mM (R2 = 0.9922). The probe exhibits high sensitivity, high cell permeability and low biotoxicity, rendering it suitable for live‐cell imaging under biological conditions. This demonstrates that TPE‐HN is capable of detecting Ni2+ and Zn2+ in biological environments.
Ultra‐High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography Combined With Mass Spectrometry Detection Analytical Method for the Determination of N‐Nitrosoduloxetine in Duloxetine HCl
Authors: Marlés‐Torres Anna , Bessa‐Jambrina Sergio , Galán‐Rodríguez Cristóbal
Published: February 2025

In the present study, one simple, fast, feasible, and sensitive ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry detection method, using electrospray ionization, is proposed. This method was developed and validated for the determination of N‐nitrosoduloxetine content in Duloxetine HCl active pharmaceutical ingredient in 11 min employing a simple preparation method for both reference and sample solutions. The proposed method was validated as per regulatory guidelines. Acquity HSS T3 (3.0 × 100 mm, 1.8 μm) column and formic acid 0.1% in water combined with acetonitrile were used for chromatographic separation. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification—reporting threshold—were found to be 0.7 and 70 ppb, respectively. The trueness and precision of the method have been demonstrated in the working range, giving values of recovery within the range of 100%–110%, and the regression coefficients (R) were found to be in the range of 0.9990–0.9991. This method could be used for controlling N‐nitrosoduloxetine content in duloxetine HCl drug substance batches manufactured at Moehs group.
Chiral Lead Halide Perovskites in Action: Unlocking Enantiomer Separation Puzzle
Authors: Singh Pallavi , Mukherjee Rudra , Kumar Anil
Published: February 2025

Effective enantiomer separation is vital in many important sectors like pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, food safety, and biomedical imaging, yet conventional methods are costly, slow, and chemical intensive. This has sparked interest in exploring novel materials like chiral lead halide perovskite nanocrystals to address these challenges. This newly emerging chiral material combines the superior properties of traditional halide perovskites with the unique attributes of chirality, resulting in distinct optoelectronic behaviors. This perspective provides a discussion on future research opportunities in the usage of these chiral LHP NCs for enantiomeric recognition and separation. LHPs exhibit extraordinary photophysical properties, easier surface functionalization, range of bonding interactions, and high surface area to volume ratio that can be used for detecting enantiomers. To the best of our knowledge, the use of chiral halide perovskites for the chiral discrimination of enantiomers has been scarcely reported, presenting a novel opportunity to explore their potential in enantiomeric recognition and separation.
Bioanalytical Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Precise Measurement of Tranexamic Acid in Human Plasma With Unveiling Methodological Advancement: Green Assessment With Advanced Metrics
Authors: Kollapareddy Anil , Sayyad Kousrali , Kowtharapu Leela Prasad , Konduru Naresh , Mondal Tanmoy , Varkolu Mohan , Gundekari Sreedhar
Published: February 2025

For the control of excessive blood loss occurring from major trauma, postpartum bleeding, surgery, or hereditary angioedema, antifibrinolytic compound tranexamic acid (TXM) is highly efficient in controlling blood loss by reversibly binding with on lysine receptor sites. A selective and sensitive method has been developed and validated for the quantitation of TXM in human plasma using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS). Tranexamic acid‐D2 (TXM‐D2) was used as internal standard (ISTD) to minimize the errors in TXM quantification. TXM quantification was performed with positive polarity mode using a Shimadzu high performance liquid chromatography coupled with AB‐SCIEX API‐4000 tandem mass spectrometer. A Zorbax Eclipse C18 (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μ) column was used for the TXM quantification, 8‐mM ammonium formate buffer with 0.1% formic acid ionization enhancer was used as a mobile phase‐A, and acetonitrile was used as a mobile phase‐B. (38:62) v/v portion of mobile phases A and B selected to elute the TXM and TXM‐D2 with the flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. An electrospray ionization (ESI) technique was selected for detection of TXM in the human plasma. Linearity was assessed in the concentration range from 75 to 15,000 ng/mL by using least squares of weighting factor linear regression (1/X2).
Simultaneous Determination and Pharmacokinetics of Three Steroidal Alkaloids in Rat Plasma by UHPLC–MS After Oral Administration of Three Different Preparations of Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim Bulb
Authors: Wu Haibo , Yang Chunjuan , Chen Jingnan , Li Sen , Wei Yuxin , Wang Meng , Li Xinlan , Wang YanYan , Kuang Haixue , Wang Zhibin
Published: February 2025

Pharmacokinetic studies can provide a method for optimizing preparations. In this study, three most abundant compounds from Fritillaria ussuriensis bulb were isolated, and a selective, sensitive new analytical method was developed. This method aims for the simultaneous determination of peimisine‐3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (1), karelinine (2), and peimisine (3) in rat plasma after oral administration of F. ussuriensis bulb powder (FUP), total alkaloid extract (FUE), and its nanodispersion preparation (FUN) using UHPLC–MS/MS. The chromatographic separation was performed on the UHPLC Waters BEH C18 column. The pharmacokinetic results showed that among three groups, 1 and 3 exhibited slower absorption and elimination processes when rats were orally administered with FUP and FUE. Steroidal alkaloids 1 ~ 3 from FUN reached peak concentrations within 3 h. Compared with FUE and FUP, the absorption and elimination rates were accelerated, and the area under the curve (AUC) significantly increased. In this study, the pharmacokinetic characteristics of 1 ~ 2 were first detected and calculated parameters in rat plasma when orally administered in different dosage forms. And a new nanodispersion preparation, FUN, has been developed. FUN has better absorption efficiency and higher bioavailability compared with traditional powder oral administration.