bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Standardized statement for the ethical use of human cadaveric tissues in anatomy research papers: Recommendations from Anatomical JournalEditors‐in‐Chief
Authors: Iwanaga Joe , Singh Vishram , Takeda Sén , Ogeng'o Julius , Kim Hee‐Jin , Moryś Janusz , Ravi Kumar Satish , Ribatti Domenico , Trainor Paul A. , Sañudo José Ramón , Apaydin Nihal , Sharma Anu , Smith Heather F. , Walocha Jerzy A. , Hegazy Ahmed M. S. , Duparc Fabrice , Paulsen Friedrich , Del Sol Mariano , Adds Philip , Louryan Stephane , Fazan Valéria Paula Sassoli , Boddeti R. K. , Tubbs R. Shane
Published: February 2022

Human cadaveric donors are essential for research in the anatomical sciences. However, many research papers in the anatomical sciences often omit a statement regarding the ethical use of the donor cadavers or, as no current standardized versions exist, use language that is extremely varied. To rectify this issue, 22 editors‐in‐chief of anatomical journals, representing 17 different countries, developed standardized and simplified language that can be used by authors of studies that use human cadaveric tissues. The goal of these editor recommendations is to standardize the writing approach by which the ethical use of cadaveric donors is acknowledged in anatomical studies that use donor human cadavers. Such sections in anatomical papers will help elevate our discipline and promote standardized language use in others non anatomy journals and also other media outlets that use cadaveric tissues.
Two New Cerebroside Metabolites from the Marine Fungus Hortaea werneckii
Authors: Chen Yung‐Husan , Wu Xiuna , Xu Li , El‐Shazly Mohamed , Ma Chuwen , Yuan Shijie , Wang Panpan , Luo Lianzhong
Published: February 2022

Two new cerebroside metabolites were isolated from the fermented sponge‐derived fungus extract of Hortaea werneckii. They were hortacerebroside A (1) ((2R,3E)‐N‐[(2S,3R,4E,8E)‐1‐(β‐D‐glucopyranosyloxy)‐3‐hydroxy‐9‐methylhenicosa‐4,8‐dien‐2‐yl]‐2‐hydroxypentadec‐3‐enamide) and hortacerebroside B (2) ((2R)‐N‐[(2S,3R,4E,8E)‐1‐(β‐D‐glucopyranosyloxy)‐3‐hydroxy‐9‐methylhenicosa‐4,8‐dien‐2‐yl]‐2‐hydroxypentadecanamide). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and by comparison of the spectroscopic data with those of related cerebroside analogs. These two compounds showed significant inhibitory effect on NO produced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The IC50 values of hortacerebroside A (1) and hortacerebroside B (2) were 7 and 5 μM, respectively. These results suggested the potential application of these cerebrosides as drug leads targeting inflammatory‐related disorders.
Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Carbazole‐Derived Photocages
Authors: Wang Zhipeng , Martin Stephen F.
Published: February 2022

We report the design, synthesis and evaluation of two novel photocages, NCARB and isoNCARB, belonging to the o‐nitrobenzyl chemotype and based on the carbazole ring system. The synthesis of each of these isomeric caging molecules was achieved in five steps and in 29 % overall yield, and their photochemical properties were evaluated using benzoic acid as a model for caging. In the event, upon irradiation at 400 nm for 60 min, 82 % and 42 % of benzoic acid was freed from the NCARB and isoNCARB photocages, respectively, whereas only 22 % was released from the nitrodibenzofuran (NDBF) cage. Moreover, the photochemical decaging efficiencies, ϵΦ, of the benzoates photocaged with NCARB and isoNCARB are about 150‐ and 20‐fold better, respectively, at 400 nm than the corresponding caged benzoate derived from NDBF. The water solubility of molecules caged with nitrocarbazole analogs was improved by N‐alkylation of NCARB, the better of the two new photocages, with an aminodicarboxylate group. This modified cage, NCARB‐DA, was exploited in the design of a caged fluoroquinolone antibiotic, the efficacy of which was illustrated in a bacterial growth inhibition assay, and a phenol‐caged tyrosine derivative.
S‐(Trifluoromethyl)Benzothioate (TFBT): A KF‐Based Reagent for Nucleophilic Trifluoromethylthiolation
Authors: Meng Depei , Lyu Yichong , Ni Chuanfa , Zhou Min , Li Yang , Hu Jinbo
Published: February 2022

Invited for the cover of this issue is Jinbo Hu and co‐workers at Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chongqing University. The image depicts TFBT (S‐(trifluoromethyl) benzothioate), which is easily synthesized using KF, as an inexpensive, bench‐stable and user‐friendly trifluoromethylthiolation reagent. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202104395.
H/F Substitution Induced Large Increase of Tc in a 3D Hybrid Rare‐Earth Double Perovskite Multifunctional Compound
Authors: Xu Qi , Ye Le , Liao Rong‐Meng , An Zhen , Wang Chang‐Feng , Miao Le‐Ping , Shi Chao , Ye Heng‐Yun , Zhang Yi
Published: February 2022

Invited for the cover of this issue are Le‐Ping Miao, Chao Shi, Yi Zhang and co‐workers at Jiangxi University of Science and Technology. The image depicts the structure diagrams of the 3D hybrid rare‐earth double perovskite compounds. The phase transition temperatures of the two compounds were indicated by the “ice and fire”, respectively. It implies the increase of the phase transition temperature of the compounds. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202103913.
A Universal DNA Aptamer that Recognizes Spike Proteins of Diverse SARS‐CoV‐2 Variants of Concern
Authors: Zhang Zijie , Li Jiuxing , Gu Jimmy , Amini Ryan , Stacey Hannah D. , Ang Jann C. , White Dawn , Filipe Carlos D. M. , Mossman Karen , Miller Matthew S. , Salena Bruno J. , Yamamura Deborah , Sen Payel , Soleymani Leyla , Brennan John D. , Li Yingfu
Published: February 2022

Invited for the cover of this issue are John Brennan, Yingfu Li, and co‐workers at McMaster University. The image depicts MSA52 as a universal DNA aptamer that recognizes spike proteins of diverse SARS‐CoV‐2 variants of concern. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202200078.
Water Remediation from Pollutant Agents by the Use of an Environmentally Friendly Supramolecular Hydrogel
Authors: Giuri Demetra , D'Agostino Simone , Ravarino Paolo , Faccio Davide , Falini Giuseppe , Tomasini Claudia
Published: February 2022

The removal of Diclofenac sodium from waste waters has a high relevance since it belongs to the therapeutic group most commonly found in wastes. An aromatic‐free and low‐impact technology that efficiently entraps aqueous pollutants is highly desirable. We synthesised two Boc‐protected and aromatic‐free tripeptides (Boc‐L‐Ala‐Aib‐L‐Val‐OH and Boc‐L‐Val‐Aib‐L‐Val‐OH) and studied their ability to form gels with mixtures of water and alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol and 2‐propanol. Boc‐L‐Ala‐Aib‐L‐Val‐OH forms a strong hydrogel in 2‐propanol/water mixtures able to trap up to 97.8% of Eosin Y model molecule and up to 92.0% of Diclofenac sodium from aqueous solutions. The hydrogel is also thixotropic, thermoreversible and biocompatible. This outcome is very encouraging and paves the way to a new approach for developing new materials using aromatic‐free hydrogels, useful for water remediation.
The role of attachment and dissociation in the relationship between childhood interpersonal trauma and negative symptoms in psychosis
Authors: Degnan Amy , Berry Katherine , Humphrey Charlotte , Bucci Sandra
Published: February 2022

Negative symptoms have an adverse impact on quality of life and functioning in psychosis. Service users with psychosis have identified negative symptoms as a priority for their recovery. Despite this, there is a lack of effective and targeted psychological interventions for negative symptoms and their underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Childhood trauma is a robust risk factor for positive symptoms in psychosis, but the association with negative symptoms is less well established. Our aim was to examine the association between childhood interpersonal trauma and negative symptoms and the psychological mediators of this relationship. Two hundred and forty participants experiencing psychosis completed validated self‐report measures of childhood trauma, attachment, dissociation, compartmentalization, and symptoms. Mediation analyses showed that disorganized attachment and dissociative experiences mediated the association between childhood trauma and negative symptoms, when analysed individually and in a combined model. Models adjusted for age and positive and depressive symptoms. Avoidant attachment and compartmentalization were independently associated with negative symptoms but not childhood trauma and thus were not significant mediators. Childhood trauma was not independently associated with negative symptoms. This paper is the first to present empirical data to support a model implicating attachment and dissociation as important psychological processes in the link between childhood trauma and negative symptoms. These exploratory findings suggest that it may be beneficial to consider these relationships in trauma‐informed formulations and interventions. Further longitudinal research is required to establish causality and test theoretical models of mechanisms in the pathway to negative symptoms.
Efficacy of intralesional injections of platelet‐rich plasma in patients with oral lichen planus: A pilot randomized clinical trial
Authors: Hijazi AbdelHameed , Ahmed Wesam , Gaafar Soheir
Published: February 2022

Objective

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of intralesional platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) injections compared to intralesional triamcinolone acetonide (TA) injections in the treatment of erosive oral lichen planus (EOLP).

Material and Methods

Twenty patients with EOLP were assigned randomly to either PRP or TA group. Patients received weekly intralesional injections for 4 weeks, and then followed up for 3 months on regular visits every 2 weeks. Pain scores using numerical pain score and clinical score were recorded by a blinded assessor each visit for all patients and remission score at the end of the trial was recorded.

Results

Both groups showed significant improvement in the clinical parameters (pain and clinical score) “p = .001.” Regarding remission of the lesions, 80% of patients in the PRP group showed complete remission compared to 70% in the TA group. However, there is no statistical significance when comparing the two groups in pain score, clinical score, or remission.

Conclusions

PRP injections could be considered as an effective alternative single treatment modality for EOLP. The protocol for this study registered in Clinicaltrials.gov registry under the identifier number: NCT03293368.
Synchronous pulmonary adenocarcinoma and primary leptomeningeal large B‐cell lymphoma—Diagnostic challenge in cerebrospinal fluid: A brief report
Authors: Lai Chun‐Liang , Hung Chung‐Lin , Huang Chieh‐Chi , Lin Chih‐Wen , Tseng Chih‐En
Published: February 2022

Lung cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. During or after the treatment of lung cancer, patients might develop another malignant neoplasm. To our knowledge, synchronous pulmonary adenocarcinoma and leptomeningeal large B‐cell lymphoma have not been reported in the literature. Herein, we report the first case of synchronous pulmonary adenocarcinoma and primary leptomeningeal lymphoma, which is challenging in cytological diagnosis using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Knowledge of this rare situation by cytopathologists might avoid misdiagnosis or erroneous tumor classification during the cytological diagnosis of CSF in the future.
Evaluating the Ability to Consent to Research: A Twenty‐Year Track Record
Authors: Matera‐Vatnick Mikaela , Todman Katherine W. , Wakim Paul G. , Sullivan Haley K. , Squires Carol , Brintnall‐Karabelas Julie , Doernberg Samuel N. , Danis Marion
Published: February 2022

Occasionally, the ability of prospective research participants to consent may be uncertain. Yet standardized capacity‐assessment tools may not suffice to determine the ability to consent to a particular research protocol. This study consisted of a retrospective review of the outcomes of an alternative approach used by the Ability to Consent Assessment Team at the National Institutes of Health. Of 944 individuals evaluated over 20 years (1999‐2019), 70.1% were determined to have capacity to consent to participate in research. Of those who lacked capacity to consent and were subsequently evaluated for their ability to assign a surrogate, 86.0% had the ability to do so. The findings demonstrate that establishing a task‐specific approach for assessing the capacity of potential participants to consent to a variety of research protocols can facilitate safe and ethically justifiable inclusion of individuals whose ability to consent is initially uncertain.
Institutional Review Board Use of Outside Experts: What Do We Know?
Authors: Serpico Kimberley , Rahimzadeh Vasiliki , Anderson Emily E. , Gelinas Luke , Lynch Holly Fernandez
Published: February 2022

Institutional review boards (IRBs) are permitted by regulation to seek assistance from outside experts when reviewing research applications that are beyond the scope of expertise represented in their membership. There is insufficient understanding, however, of when, why, and how IRBs consult with outside experts, as this practice has not been the primary focus of any published literature or empirical study to date. These issues have important implications for IRB quality. The capacity IRBs have to fulfill their mission of protecting research participants without unduly hindering research is influenced by IRBs’ access to and use of the right type of expertise to review challenging research ethics, regulatory, and scientific issues. Through a review of the regulations and standards permitting IRBs to draw on the competencies of outside experts and through examination of the needs, strategies, challenges, and concerns related to doing so, we identify critical gaps in the existing literature and set forth an agenda for future empirical research.
Getting the Most out of Consent: Patient‐Centered Consent for an Acute Stroke Trial
Authors: Dickert Neal W. , Metz Kathleen , Deeds S. Iris , Linke Michael J. , Mitchell Andrea R. , Speight Candace D. , Adeoye Opeolu M.
Published: February 2022

Informed consent for clinical trials in acute stroke is characterized by challenges related to urgency, cognitive impairment, and geographical separation. Context‐appropriate approaches are needed for this setting. We conducted a mixed‐methods project involving focus groups and interviews as well as collaboration with a patient advisory panel and a central institutional review board (CIRB) to design and implement a patient‐driven consent process for a multicenter trial incorporating adaptive randomization. Remote consent was recognized as challenging but acceptable. Adaptive randomization was viewed positively, but significant potential for misunderstanding was appreciated. Collaboration between the patient advisory panel and the CIRB resulted in a shortened, more patient‐centered consent form that was approved at all sites with few modifications. An information sheet was developed as a resource for patients and surrogates after enrollment. Collaboration between investigators, patient partners, and a CIRB can facilitate innovation and implementation of patient‐centered, context‐appropriate consent strategies.
Screen Printed Carbon Electrodes Modified with 3D Nanostructured Materials for Bioanalysis
Authors: Şen Mustafa , Azizi Ehsan , Avcı İpek , Aykaç Ahmet , Ensarioğlu Kenan , Ok İzel , Yavuz Gülperi Feyza , Güneş Fethullah
Published: February 2022

Here, the modification of screen‐printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) with 3D nanostructured multi‐walled carbon nanotube‐sponge (MWCNT‐Spng) and graphene foam along with their impact on analytical performance was reported. The bare and modified SPCE electrodes were imaged and characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The modified electrodes were tested for electrochemical detection of dopamine (DA) and a significant improvement was observed in terms of both limit of detection (LOD) and sensitivity as compared to bare SPCE. MWCNT‐Spng‐AuNPs/SPCE demonstrated the highest analytical performance for DA. It was also tested for enzyme‐free glucose detection, in which case it demonstrated an LOD of 4.96 μM and a sensitivity of 526 μA/mM⋅cm2, along with a good selectivity for glucose.
Role of porosity and diffusion coefficient in porous electrode used in supercapacitors – Correlating theoretical and experimental studies
Authors: De Puja , Halder Joyanti , Gowda Chinmayee Chowde , Kansal Sakshi , Priya Surbhi , Anshu Satvik , Chowdhury Ananya , Mandal Debabrata , Biswas Sudipta , Dubey Brajesh Kumar , Chandra Amreesh
Published: February 2022

Porous electrodes are fast emerging as essential components for next‐generation supercapacitors. Using porous structures of Co3O4, Mn3O4, α‐Fe2O3, and carbon, their advantages over the solid counterpart is unequivocally established. The improved performance in porous architecture is linked to the enhanced active specific surface and direct channels leading to improved electrolyte interaction with the redox‐active sites. A theoretical model utilizing Fick's law is proposed, that can consistently explain the experimental data. The porous structures exhibit ∼50%–80% increment in specific capacitance, along with high rate capabilities and excellent cycling stability due to the higher diffusion coefficients.
Energy and exergy analysis of a trapezoidal absorber plate‐based solar air collector
Authors: Reddy Jagannath , Jagadish  , Negi Sushant , Das Biplab , Ali Ehyaei Mehdi , Assad Mamdouh El Haj
Published: February 2022

This study presents energy and exergy characteristics of solar air collectors (SACs) having two different absorber plates, namely flat (Model‐I) and trapezoidal (Model‐II) plates. Experiments were conducted at different tilt angles of 15º, 30º, and 45º and varying mass flow rates (MFR) from 0.0039 kg/s to 0.0156 kg/s in an open environment. Results indicated that with an increment in MFR, the outlet temperature decreases while the heat extraction rate improves. Quantitatively, increasing MFR threefold improves thermal efficiency by 60% and reduces exergy efficiency by 39%. Furthermore, its efficiency increased by 38%–66% when the inclination angle is increased from 15º to 45º. The energy and exergy efficiencies of Model‐II were increased by 8.5% and 8.4%, respectively, more than that of Model‐I. Results indicated that the trapezoidal plate‐based collector offers better heat extraction characteristics and performs better in terms of energy, exergy, effective efficiency, and temperature rise than its flat counterpart.
Research of roadway deformation induced by mining disturbances and the use of subsection control technology
Authors: Wu Pengfei , Liang Bing , Jin Jiaxu , Li Gang , Wang Beifang , Guo Bin , Yang Zetao
Published: February 2022

To address the problem of instability and failure of the 11,514 return air roadway caused by dynamic pressure in Jinhuagong Coal Mine, this study uses theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and field test methods. The disturbance deformation mechanism and the surrounding rock control technology for the 11,514 return air roadway during face‐to‐face mining and excavation are analyzed. The results show that the causes of regional asymmetric deformation and failure of the surrounding rock of the 11,514 return air roadway are multiple superpositions of lateral bearing pressure of the 11,812 mined‐out area, mining stress in the 8814 working face, and advanced stress of the 11,514 return air roadway. When mining and excavation faces meet, the 11,514 return air roadway is affected by the superimposition of the mining stress. At the same time, the solid coal side of the roadway is in the mining pressure relief area in the 8814 working face in the upper coal seam, and the asymmetric distribution of the principal stress on both sides of the 11,514 return air roadway causes deformation and failure of the surrounding rock. Based on the differences in superimposed stress disturbance in different parts of the roadway, a subsection control technology is proposed. This technology is focused on supporting secondary reinforcement in the range of 40 m before and after the mining overlap position on the 11,514 roadway. Field measurement data confirm the effectiveness of this support technology.
A study of the role of weights in the spectral properties of the least square finite difference scheme and the least square upwind finite difference scheme
Authors: Mungur Maheshsingh , Dauhoo Muhammad Zaid
Published: February 2022

In this article, we analyze the performance of a family of nonlinear, shock‐capturing mesh‐free finite‐difference schemes in wavenumber space. These finite difference methods are based on the use of a weighted least‐square approximation procedure together with a Taylor series expansion of the unknown function. The influence of weights on the spectral properties of these schemes are studied using the approximate dispersion relation. The numerical study evidences that an appropriate choice of the weighting functions reduces dissipation and dispersion inherent to the schemes. The meshless schemes studied in this work, are then used to simulate 2D internal inviscid subsonic and transonic flows respectively in a channel with a bump. The results in 2D corroborate with the 1D analyses and reveal that when the supporting nodes closer to the reference node are assigned a greater weightage value in the computation of the 1st order spatial derivatives, better spectral properties are achieved at low wavenumber. However, the present numerical study shows that weighting function does not shift the frequency of the errors and thus in order to accelerate the convergence of these schemes, methods such as the classic multigrid can be used.
T‐cell prolymphocytic leukemia is associated with deregulation of oncogenic microRNAs on transcriptional and epigenetic level
Authors: Patil Paurnima , Hillebrecht Sina , Chteinberg Emil , López Cristina , Toprak Umut H. , Seufert Julian , Bernhart Stephan H. , Kretzmer Helene , Bergmann Anke K. , Bens Susanne , Högel Josef , Müller Annika , Jebaraj Billy Michael , Schrader Alexandra , Johansson Patricia , Costa Dolors , Schlesner Matthias , Dürig Jan , Herling Marco , Campo Elias , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Wiehle Laura , Siebert Reiner
Published: February 2022

Deregulation of micro(mi)‐RNAs is a common mechanism in tumorigenesis. We investigated the expression of 2083 miRNAs in T‐cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T‐PLL). Compared to physiologic CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell subsets, 111 miRNAs were differentially expressed in T‐PLL. Of these, 33 belonged to miRNA gene clusters linked to cancer. Genomic variants affecting miRNAs were infrequent with the notable exception of copy number aberrations. Remarkably, we found strong upregulation of the miR‐200c/‐141 cluster in T‐PLL to be associated with DNA hypomethylation and active promoter marks. Our findings suggest that copy number aberrations and epigenetic changes could contribute to miRNA deregulation in T‐PLL.
Olfactory bulb volume and cortical thickness evolve during sommelier training
Authors: Filiz Gözde , Poupon Daphnée , Banks Sarah , Fernandez Pauline , Frasnelli Johannes
Published: February 2022

Brain plasticity is essential for experts to acquire the abilities they need. Sommeliers are olfaction experts who display differences in olfactory regions in the brain that correlate with greater olfactory abilities. While most studies on this topic are cross‐sectional, we used a longitudinal design and invited 17 sommelier students at the start and end of their training then to compare them to 17 control students to study the effects of training‐related brain plasticity. After a year and a half, 5 sommelier students and 4 control students dropped out, leading to 12 sommelier students versus 13 controls. We used magnetic resonance imaging to measure cortical thickness and olfactory bulb volume, as this structure plays a crucial role in olfactory processing. We used the Sniffin' Sticks test to evaluate olfactory performance. During training, olfactory bulb volume increased in sommelier students while there was no significant change in the control group. We also observed that thickness of right entorhinal cortex increased, and cortical thickness decreased in other cerebral regions. Our olfactory tests did not reveal any significant changes in sommelier students. In conclusion, this is the first longitudinal study to report an increase in olfactory bulb volume in olfaction experts in line with the notion of effects of ecological training‐related brain plasticity. The mixed results about cortical thickness might be explained by a “overproduction‐pruning” model of brain plasticity, according to which the effects of training‐related plasticity are non‐linear and simultaneously involve different processes.
Estimates of water partitioning in complex urban landscapes with isotope‐aided ecohydrological modelling
Authors: Gillefalk Mikael , Tetzlaff Doerthe , Marx Christian , Smith Aaron , Meier Fred , Hinkelmann Reinhard , Soulsby Chris
Published: February 2022

Urban green space is increasingly viewed as essential infrastructure to build resilience to climate change by retaining water in the city landscape and balancing ecohydrological partitioning into evapotranspiration for cooling and groundwater recharge. Quantifying how different vegetation types affect water partitioning is essential for future management, but paucity of data and the complex heterogeneity of urban areas make water balance estimates challenging. Here, we provide a preliminary assessment of water partitioning from different sized patches of trees and grass as well as from sealed surfaces. To do this, we used limited field observations together with an advanced, process‐based tracer‐aided ecohydrological model at a meso‐scale (5 km2) in central Berlin, Germany. Transpiration was the dominant green water flux accounting for over 50% of evapotranspiration in the modelled area. Green water fluxes were in general greater from trees compared with grass, but grass in large parks transpired more water compared with grass in small parks that were intensively used for recreation. Interception evaporation was larger for trees compared with grass, but soil water evaporation was greater for grass compared with trees. We also show that evapotranspiration from tree‐covered areas comprise almost 80% of the total evapotranspiration from the whole model domain while making up less than 30% of the surface cover. The results form an important stepping‐stone towards further upscaling over larger areas and highlights the importance of continuous high‐resolution hydrological measurements in the urban landscape, as well as the need for improvements to ecohydrological models to capture important urban processes.
Satellite observations estimating the effects of river discharge and wind-driven upwelling on phytoplankton dynamics in the Chesapeake Bay
Authors: Nezlin Nikolay P. , Testa Jeremy M. , Zheng Guangming , DiGiacomo Paul M.
Published: February 2022

Phytoplankton growth in estuaries is regulated by a complex combination of physical factors with freshwater discharge usually playing a dominating role controlling nutrient and light availability. The role of other factors, including upwelling-generating winds, is still unclear because most estuaries are too small for upwelling to emerge. In this study, we used remotely sensed proxies of phytoplankton biomass and concentration of suspended mineral particles to compare the effect of river discharge with the effect of upwelling events associated with persistent along-channel southerly winds in the Chesapeake Bay, a large estuary where upwelling and its effects on biogeochemical dynamics have been previously reported. The surface chlorophyll-a concentrations (Chl-a) were estimated from Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) satellite data using the Generalized Stacked-Constraints Model (GSCM) corrected for seasonal effects by comparing remotely sensed and field-measured data. Light limitation of phytoplankton growth was assessed from the concentration of suspended mineral particles estimated from the remotely sensed backscattering at blue (443 nm) wavelength bbp(443). The nine-year time series (2012–2020) of Chl-a and bbp(443) confirmed that a primary factor regulating phytoplankton growth in this nearshore eutrophic area is discharge from the Susquehanna River, and presumably the nutrients it delivers, with a time lag up to four months. Persistent southerly wind events (2–3 days with wind speed >4 m/s) affected the water column stratification in the central part of the bay but did not result in significant increases in remotely sensed Chl-a. Analysis of model simulations of selected upwelling-favorable wind events revealed that strong southerly winds resulted in well-defined lateral (East–West) responses but were insufficient to deliver high-nutrient water to the surface layer to support phytoplankton bloom. We conclude that, in the Chesapeake Bay, which is a large, eutrophic estuary, wind-driven upwelling of deep water plays a limited role in driving phytoplankton growth under most conditions compared with river discharge. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:921–938. © 2022 SETAC

KEY POINTS

River discharge is a primary factor regulating phytoplankton growth in the Chesapeake Bay. Upwelling-generating wind events were insufficient to support phytoplankton blooms. Generalized Stacked-Constraints Model (GSCM) is a useful method for processing ocean color satellite imagery in the nearshore areas.
Impact of HIV infection on survival among women with stage I‐III breast cancer: Results from the South African breast cancer and HIV outcomes study
Authors: Ayeni Oluwatosin A. , O'Neil Daniel S. , Pumpalova Yoanna S. , Chen Wenlong Carl , Nietz Sarah , Phakathi Boitumelo , Buccimazza Ines , Čačala Sharon , Stopforth Laura W. , Farrow Hayley A. , Mapanga Witness , Joffe Maureen , Chirwa Tobias , McCormack Valerie , Jacobson Judith S. , Crew Katherine D. , Neugut Alfred I. , Ruff Paul , Cubasch Herbert
Published: February 2022

In some countries of sub‐Saharan Africa, the prevalence of HIV exceeds 20%; in South Africa, 20.4% of people are living with HIV. We examined the impact of HIV infection on the overall survival (OS) of women with nonmetastatic breast cancer (BC) enrolled in the South African Breast Cancer and HIV Outcomes (SABCHO) study. We recruited women with newly diagnosed BC at six public hospitals from 1 July 2015 to 30 June 2019. Among women with stages I‐III BC, we compared those with and without HIV infection on sociodemographic, clinical, and treatment factors. We analyzed the impact of HIV on OS using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. Of 2367 women with stages I‐III BC, 499 (21.1%) had HIV and 1868 (78.9%) did not. With a median follow‐up of 29 months, 2‐year OS was poorer among women living with HIV (WLWH) than among HIV‐uninfected women (72.4% vs 80.1%, P < .001; adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.22‐1.83). This finding was consistent across age groups ≥45 years and <45 years, stage I‐II BC and stage III BC, and ER/PR status (all P < .03). Both WLWH with <50 viral load copies/mL and WLWH with ≥50 viral load copies/mL had poorer survival than HIV‐uninfected BC patients [aHR: 1.35 (1.09‐1.66) and 1.54 (1.20‐2.00), respectively], as did WLWH who had ≥200 CD4+ cells/mL at diagnosis [aHR: 1.39 (1.15‐1.67)]. Because receipt of antiretroviral therapy has become widespread, WLWH is surviving long enough to develop BC; more research is needed on the causes of their poor survival.
Non‐Uniform Strain Engineering of 2D Materials
Authors: Kovalchuk Sviatoslav , Kirchhof Jan. N. , Bolotin Kirill I. , Harats Moshe G.
Published: February 2022

2D materials are elastic substances that can sustain high strain. While the response of these materials to spatially uniform strain is well studied, the effects of spatially non‐uniform strain are understood much less. In this review, we examine the response of two different 2D materials, transition metal dichalcogenides and graphene, under non‐uniform strain. First, we analyze pseudo‐magnetic fields formed in graphene subjected to highly localized non‐uniform strain. Second, we discuss the effect of non‐uniform strain on excitons in non‐uniformly strained TMDC. We show that while transport or “funneling” of excitons is relatively inefficient, a different process, a strain‐related conversion of excitons to trions is dominant. Finally, we discuss the effects of uniform and non‐uniform strain in a graphene‐based phononic crystal. We find that uniform strain can be used to broadly tune the frequency of the phononic bandgap by more than 350 % and non‐uniform strain smears that bandgap.
The effects of sulfated hyaluronan in breast, lung and colorectal carcinoma and monocytes/macrophages cells: Its role in angiogenesis and tumor progression
Authors: Spinelli Fiorella M. , Rosales Paolo , Pluda Stefano , Vitale Daiana L. , Icardi Antonella , Guarise Cristian , Reszegi Andrea , Kovalszky Ilona , García Mariana , Sevic Ina , Galesso Devis , Alaniz Laura
Published: February 2022

Hyaluronan (HA) is a component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) it is the main non‐sulfated glycosaminoglycan able to modulate cell behavior in the healthy and tumor context. Sulfated hyaluronan (sHA) is a biomaterial derived from chemical modifications of HA, since this molecule is not naturally sulfated. The HA sulfation modifies several properties of the native molecule, acquiring antitumor properties in different cancers. In this study, we evaluated the action of sHA of ~30–60 kDa with different degrees of sulfation (0.7 sHA1 and 2.5 sHA3) on tumor cells of a breast, lung, and colorectal cancer model and its action on other cells of the tumor microenvironment, such as endothelial and monocytes/macrophage cells. Our data showed that in breast and lung tumor cells, sHA3 is able to modulate cell viability, cytotoxicity, and proliferation, but no effects were observed on colorectal cancer cells. In 3D cultures of breast and lung cancer cells, sHA3 diminished the size of the tumorsphere and modulated total HA levels. In these tumor models, treatment of monocytes/macrophages with sHA3 showed a downregulation of the expression of angiogenic factors. We also observed a decrease in endothelial cell migration and modulation of the hyaluronan‐binding protein TSG‐6. In the breast in vivo xenograft model, monocytes/macrophages preincubated with sHA1 or sHA3 decreased tumor vasculature, TSG‐6 and HA levels. Besides, in silico analysis showed an association of TSG‐6, HAS2, and IL‐8 with biological processes implicated in the progression of the tumor. Taken together, our data indicate that sHA in a breast and lung tumor context is able to induce an antiangiogenic action on tumor cells as well as in monocytes/macrophages (Mo/MØ) by modulation of endothelial migration, angiogenic factors, and vessel formation.
Shape memory polymer hydrogels with cell‐responsive degradation mechanisms for Crohn's fistula closure
Authors: Beaman Henry T. , Howes Bryanna , Ganesh Priya , Monroe Mary Beth Browning
Published: February 2022

Crohn's disease, a form of inflammatory bowel disease, commonly results in fistulas, tunneling wounds between portions of the urinary, reproductive, and/or digestive systems. These tunneling wounds cause pain, infection, and abscess formation. Of Crohn's patients with fistula formation, 83% undergo surgical intervention to either drain or bypass the fistula openings, and ~23% of these patients ultimately require bowel resections. Current treatment options, such as setons, fibrin glues, and bioprosthetic plugs, are prone to infection, dislodging, and/or require a secondary removal surgery. Thus, there is a need for fistula filling material that can be easily and stably implanted and then degraded during fistula healing to eliminate the need for removal. Here, the development of a shape memory polymer hydrogel foam containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and cornstarch (CS) with a disulfide polyurethane crosslinker is presented. These materials undergo controlled degradation by amylase, which is present in the digestive tract, and by reducing thiol species such as glutathione/dithiothreitol. Increasing CS content and using lower molecular weight PVA can be used to increase the degradation rate of the materials while maintaining shape memory properties that could be utilized for easy implantation. This material platform is based on low‐cost and easily accessible components and provides a biomaterial scaffold with cell‐responsive degradation mechanisms for future potential use in Crohn's fistula treatment.
Effects of local single dose administration of parathormone on the early stages of osseointegration: A pre‐clinical study
Authors: Grossi João Ricardo Almeida , Deliberador Tatiana Miranda , Giovanini Allan Fernando , Zielak João César , Sebastiani Aline , Gonzaga Carla Castiglia , Coelho Paulo G. , Zétola André Luis , Weiss Fernando P. , Benalcázar Jalkh Ernesto B. , Storrer Carmen Lucia Mueller , Witek Lukasz
Published: February 2022

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of parathormone (PTH) administered directly to the implant's surface prior to insertion, using a large translational animal model. Sixty titanium implants were divided into four groups: (i) Collagen, control group, where implants were coated with Type‐I Bovine‐collagen, and three experimental groups, where implants received varying doses of PTH: (ii) 12.5, (iii) 25, and (iv) 50 μg, prior to placement. Fifteen female sheep (~2 years old, weighing ~65 kg) received four implants in an interpolated fashion in C3, C4 or C5 vertebral bodies. After 3‐, 6‐ and 12‐weeks, samples were harvested, histologically processed, qualitatively and quantitatively assessed for bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO). BIC yielded lower values at 6‐weeks for 50 μg relative to the control group, with no significant differences, when compared to the 12.5‐ and 25‐μg. No significant differences were detected at 6‐weeks between collagen, 12.5‐ and 25‐μg groups. At 3‐ and 12‐weeks, no differences were detected for BIC among PTH groups. With respect to BAFO, no significant differences were observed between the control and experimental groups independent of PTH concentration and time in vivo. Qualitative observations at 3‐weeks indicated the presence of a more mature bone near the implant's surface with the application of PTH, however, no significant differences in new bone formation or healing patterns were observed at 6‐ and 12‐weeks. Single local application of different concentrations of PTH on titanium implant's surface did not influence the osseointegration at any time‐point evaluation in low‐density bone.
Unusual Cortical Phenotype After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in a Patient With Osteopetrosis
Authors: Afshariyamchlou Sonia , Ng Michelle , Ferdjallah Asmaa , Warden Stuart J. , Niziolek Paul , Alam Imranul , Polgreen Lynda E. , Imel Erik A. , Orchard Paul , Econs Michael J.
Published: February 2022

The osteopetroses are a group of rare genetic diseases caused by osteoclast dysfunction or absence. The hallmark of osteopetrosis is generalized increased bone mineral density (BMD). However, the bone is fragile and fractures are common. Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis is usually a severe disorder and often life‐threatening in childhood. We present male siblings with autosomal recessive osteopetrosis due to biallelic variants in TCIRG1 who survived childhood and underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) in adulthood. One sibling died of posttransplant complications. After transplant, the other sibling had improvement of multiple clinical parameters, including some decline in BMD Z‐scores by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) and cessation of fractures. However, spine quantitative computed tomography 11 years after transplant demonstrated an anvil pattern of sclerosis with BMD Z‐score of +18.3. High‐resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR‐pQCT) of the tibia demonstrated near complete obliteration of the marrow space combined with an unusual cortical phenotype, suggesting extensive cortical porosity at the distal tibia. This case highlights that despite successful transplantation and subsequent improvement in clinical parameters, this patient continued to have significantly elevated bone density and decreased marrow space. Transplant‐associated increased cortical porosity is multifactorial and occurs in two‐thirds of non‐osteopetrotic patients undergoing HSCT. This finding after transplant in osteopetrosis may suggest particular sensitivity of the cortical bone to resorptive activity of transplanted osteoclasts. The case also suggests HR‐pQCT may be a useful modality for imaging and assessing the therapeutic effects on bone in individuals with osteopetrosis. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Type VI Collagen Regulates Endochondral Ossification in the Temporomandibular Joint
Authors: Komori Taishi , Ji Youngmi , Pham Hai , Jani Priyam , Kilts Tina M. , Kram Vardit , Li Li , Young Marian F.
Published: February 2022

For many years there has been a keen interest in developing regenerative treatment for temporomandibular joint–osteoarthritis (TMJ‐OA). Currently, there is no consensus treatment due to the limited self‐healing ability of articular cartilage and lack of understanding of the complex mechanisms regulating cartilage development in the TMJ. Endochondral ossification, the process of subchondral bone formation through chondrocyte differentiation, is critical for TMJ growth and development, and is tightly regulated by the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Type VI collagen is a highly expressed ECM component in the TMJ cartilage, yet its specific functions are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated α2(VI)‐deficient (Col6a2‐knockout [KO]) mice, which are unable to secret or incorporate type VI collagen into their ECM. Compared with wild‐type (WT) mice, the TMJ condyles of Col6a2‐KO mice exhibit decreased bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) and a larger bone marrow space, suggesting the α2(VI)‐deficient condyles have a failure in endochondral ossification. Differentiating chondrocytes are the main source of bone cells during endochondral ossification. Our study shows there is an increased number of chondrocytes in the proliferative zone and decreased Col10‐expressing chondrocytes in Col6a2‐KO cartilage, all pointing to abnormal chondrocyte differentiation and maturation. In addition, RNA sequencing (RNAseq) analysis identified distinct gene expression profiles related to cell cycle and ECM organization that were altered in the mutant condyles. These data also suggest that bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) activity was deregulated during chondrocyte differentiation. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated an upregulation of Col2 and Acan expression in Col6a2‐KO cartilage. Moreover, the expression of pSmad1/5/8 and Runx2 was decreased in the Col6a2‐KO cartilage compared with WT controls. Taken together, our data indicate that type VI collagen expressed in the TMJ cartilage is important for endochondral ossification, possibly by modulating the ECM and altering/disrupting signaling pathways important for TMJ chondrocyte differentiation. Published 2022. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Low dose epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate revives doxorubicin responsiveness by a redox‐sensitive pathway in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Datta Suchisnigdha , Sinha Dona
Published: February 2022

Pulmonary cancer confronts the greatest hurdle of resistance against most chemotherapeutic drugs. This may be circumvented with a combination of conventional chemotherapy with bioactive herbal adjuvant. Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), was investigated for its chemo‐sensitizing property along with doxorubicin (Dox), in an intrinsically nonresponsive lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) cell line, A549. A compromised functionality of Dox was reversed when EGCG was used as an adjuvant. On one hand, Dox (10 μM)‐EGCG (0.5 μM) post treatment combination decreased the drug efflux, multidrug‐resistance (MDR) signaling, invasiveness while, on the other hand, it increased drug internalization, cell‐cycle arrest, stress‐induced damage, and finally cell death. The resistant nature of A549 was probably due to constitutive activation of nuclear erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its upstream/downstream antioxidant effectors, which were also pro‐oxidatively coordinated by EGCG. In conclusion low dose EGCG improved Dox‐toxicity and imparted oxidative damage‐mediated antineoplastic efficacy by reorienting the redox signaling in A549 LAC cells.
Validation of the hepatocellular carcinoma early detection screening algorithm Doylestown and aMAP in a cohort of Chinese with cirrhosis
Authors: Qian Yunsong , Li Linhong , Ma Li , Ji Rengbin , Ying Sheng , Zhou Juhong , Fu Liyun , Yang Gang
Published: February 2022

Background

Previous studies have developed some blood‐based biomarker algorithms such as the Doylestown algorithm and aMAP score to improve the detection of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, no one has studied the application of the Doylestown algorithm in the Chinese. Meanwhile, which of these two screening models is more suitable for people with liver cirrhosis remains to be investigated.

Methods

In this study, HCC surveillance was performed by radiographic imaging and testing for tumor markers every 6 months from August 21, 2018, to January 12, 2021. We conducted a retrospective study of 742 liver cirrhosis patients, and among them, 20 developed HCC during follow‐up. Samples from these patients at three follow‐up time points were tested to evaluate alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP), the Doylestown algorithm, and aMAP score.

Results

Overall, 521 liver cirrhosis patients underwent semiannual longitudinal follow‐up three times. Five patients were diagnosed with HCC within 0–6 months of the third follow‐up. We found that for these liver cirrhosis patients, the Doylestown algorithm had the highest accuracy for HCC detection, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) of 0.763, 0.801, and 0.867 for follow‐ups 1–3, respectively. Compared with AFP at 20 ng/ml, the Doylestown algorithm increased biomarker performance by 7.4%, 21%, and 13% for follow‐ups 1–3, respectively.

Conclusions

Our findings show that the Doylestown algorithm performance appeared to be optimal for HCC early screening in the Chinese cirrhotic population when compared with the aMAP score and AFP at 20 ng/ml.