bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Spindle Air Pressure and its Direction on the Quality Characteristics of Polyester/Cotton Vortex Yarn
Authors: Kuthalam Sankara , Senthikumar P.
Published: November 2018

The influence of spindle air pressure and its direction on the properties of Polyester/Cotton vortex yarn was studied. The spindle air pressure direction was changed in both Z and S directions on the Z twist yarn of Ne 40s Polyester/Cotton vortex yarn (50:50 polyester: cotton) and these yarns were then tested for their properties such as tensile, unevenness, and hairiness. It was found that unevenness was lower with normal spinning condition and increased when the spindle air pressure increased in both directions. Imperfections were also found to be minimum with normal spinning condition and increased with increase in spindle air pressure. The yarn tenacity and elongation at break found to be lower at normal spinning condition. When the spindle air pressure increased yarn tenacity and elongation at break also increased with increase in spindle air pressure. At the same time spindle air pressure in the same direction of basic yarn twist gave less increase in tenacity and elongation than opposite direction of basic yarn twist. Hairiness index, H and hairiness in different length classes continuously increased as the spindle air pressure increased in opposite direction of basic yarn twist.
Preparation of a Novel Adsorbent and Heavy Metal Ion Adsorption
Authors: Zang Chuanfeng , Zhang Desuo , Xiong Jiaqing , Lin Hong , Chen Yuyue
Published: November 2018

The article focuses on the preparation of a novel adsorbent by grafting amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer to cotton fibers and the adsorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution. The prepared novel adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results show that the amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer was grafted to the oxidized cotton fibers, and the adsorbent with amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer was successfully obtained. The grooves on the surface of the grafted cotton fiber were filled with amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer. The adsorption experiments show that the adsorption amount of Cu2+ and Pb2+ was up to 16.1 mg/g and 13.4 mg/g with the metal ion concentration of 319.5 ppm and 315.9 ppm, respectively. When the dosage of adsorbent was 1.5 g in 100 mL metal ion solution, the adsorption rate of Cu2+ and Pb2+ reached 73.5 wt. % and 71.2 wt.%, respectively. The use of the adsorbent for the removal of metal ions is considered to be efficient and have great potential for practical applications.
A Comparative Analysis of Towels Produced from Twisted and Twistless Cotton Pile Yarns in Terms of Absorptive Capacity and Flexural Rigidity
Authors: Sekerden Filiz
Published: November 2018

The study compares cotton towels produced from twisted and twistless cotton pile yarn. The towels were manufactured with different weft density, different weft yarn counts, and different pile heights. The water absorptive capacity, absorbency time and flexural rigidity properties of twisted pile towels were compared with those of twistless pile towels. The test results were evaluated using statistical analysis. Effects of twisted and twistless pile yarn, pile height, weft density, and weft yarn count on absorptive capacity, absorbency time, and flexural rigidity of fabrics were examined using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results indicate that the towels woven with twistless pile yarns have greater absorptive capacity, longer absorbency time, and lower flexural rigidity than towels woven with twisted pile yarns.
Color Strength Modeling of Viscose/Lycra Blended Fabrics Using a Fuzzy Logic Approach
Authors: Hossain Ismail , Hossain Altab , Choudhury Imtiaz Ahmed
Published: November 2018

The aim of this study was to model the color strength of viscose/lycra (95:5) blended knitted fabrics using a fuzzy logic approach where color strength is a function of dye concentration, salt concentration, and alkali concentration. Dye concentration, salt concentration, and alkali concentration are the most important factors affecting color strength of viscose/lycra blended knitted fabrics. Moreover, these factors behave nonlinearly and interact: hence, it is very difficult to develop an exact functional relationship between the input variables and color strength using mathematical models, statistical models, or empirical models. Conversely, artificial neural network models are trained using large amounts of experimental data which is a time consuming process. One possible approach to deal with such a complex process is by using a fuzzy logic expert system (FLES), which perform remarkably well in non-linear and complex systems with minimum experimental data. In this study a laboratory scale experiment was conducted to validate the developed fuzzy model. The model was assessed by analyzing various numerical error criteria. The mean relative error was found to be 3.80%, the correlation coefficient was 0.992, and goodness of fit was 0.986 from the actual and predicted color strengths of the fabrics. The results show that the model developed performed well.
Applications of Atomic Force Microscopy in Textiles
Authors: Koc Serpil Koral
Published: November 2018

Potential applications of atomic force microscopy (AFM) in textiles are explained. For this purpose samples were carefully selected from both natural and synthetic fibers. Cotton, wool, conventional polyethylene terepthalate (PET), antibacterial PET, and antistatic PET were investigated by means of 3D topography imaging, phase imaging, and calculation of their Rq values. The distribution of the additives in the cross sections of antibacterial PET and antistatic PET were analyzed. Moreover, differences between inner and outer cross section of trilobal PET was observed by force spectroscopy. The results are discussed considering the fiber properties. It is concluded that AFM is a powerful tool to investigate different properties of textile fibers, and it gives valuable information.
Fluid-Structure Interaction Study on the Influence of Circular Gap of Parachute on Inflation Performance with Fixed Payload
Authors: Yang Lin , Wang Lu , Yu Li , Cheng Han
Published: November 2018

In order to study the influence of circular gap controlled by the tearing force on rescue parachute inflation performance, the Arbitrary Lagrange-Euler (ALE) coupling method is utilized to simulate the inflation process of the circular gap rescue parachute with fixed payload; the contact failure model of the open of circular gap was built by the sewing force of the sewing thread. The canopy structure model influenced by fabric permeability performance is proposed, and the differential pressure of permeable fabric is described in Ergun equation through the textile material permeability test. The numerical results calculated by LS-DYNA are compared with the results of airdrop test and the empirical method of parachute-payloads dynamics, and it is shown that the steady drag coefficient and transient shape during inflation are more consistent with the airdrop test results, and the dimensionless initial inflation time and the maximum equivalent opening shock are more realistic. The stress variations of each gore unity during inflation are investigated. The most dangerous time-space state point during inflation process was discovered. With the study of the influence of the circular gap structure of parachute on inflation performance, the numerical results show the circular gap structure can reduce the opening load and adjust the time of two inflation stages, which reduces the maximum effective stress in dangerous parts and improves the safety of canopy.
Optimization of Mechanical Properties of UV-cut Polyester Fiber Using a Hybrid Taguchi and Fuzzy Approach
Authors: Su Te-Li , Kuo Yu-Lin
Published: November 2018

This goal of this study was to find the optimal processing parameters for PET/TiO2 UV-cut fiber in order to work out its maximal strength. UV-cut means PET/TiO2 fiber attenuates the transmission of UV-radiation. The hybrid Taguchi and fuzzy approach was applied to resolve the problem as regards optimization of multiple quality characteristics, and further discover the optimal conditions for PET/TiO2 UV-cut fiber. First, the Taguchi approach was employed to plan the melt-spinning process parameters and reduce the number of experiments to 27, thus decreasing experimental cost and time. The fuzzy approach was adopted to optimize multiple quality characteristics. The analysis of variance and response surface methodology found the factors significantly affecting the quality characteristics of PET/TiO2 UV-cut fiber were die temperature and winding speed. According to the experimental results, the PET/TiO2 UV-cut fiber can absorb UVA and UVB, and thus has been widely used in sportswear, high-quality parasols, work clothes, hats, tents, and curtains to reduce the risk of skin cancer.
Chemical Binding of Chitosan and Chitosan Nanoparticles onto Oxidized Cellulose
Authors: Sauperl Olivera , Kostic Mirjana , Milanovic Jovana , Zemljic Lidija Fras
Published: November 2018

The aim of this study was to analyze binding of chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles onto cellulose via oxidized cellulose.

The ability of chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles to be adsorbed onto surfaces was determined by the use of the XPS spectroscopy which provided information about chemical composition of the fiber surface. On the other hand, the gravimetric method was also used by which the amount of chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles bounded onto surface was calculated based on the difference in masses before and after functionalization. The most important was to study the influence of aldehyde groups on the stability of chitosan binding onto cellulose. Thus, desorption of chitosan/chitosan nanoparticles from the fiber surfaces was evaluated by the presence of total nitrogen (TN) in desorption bath as well as by polyelectrolyte titrations. Together with these two methods, desorption was evaluated also by gravimetric method, where the extent of desorption was evaluated on the basis of the differences in the masses of fibers before and after desorption.

It is concluded that the chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles are more efficiently bounded onto oxidized cellulose in comparison with the non-oxidized (reference) ones. Despite the binding of the positively-charged amino groups with the negative groups of cellulose and consequently smaller amount of available/residual protonated amino groups that are responsible for bioactivity, such functionalized fibers are still specifically antimicrobial.
Developing a New Suit Sizing System Using Neural Network
Authors: Vadood Morteza , Esfandarani Maryam Salehi , Johari Majid Safar
Published: November 2018

Manufacturing garments has the highest added value in the textile industry. Presently, most sizing systems are outdated, so each country needs to develop a new sizing system for its people. The main goal of this work was to present the new sizing chart for Iranian male suites using an artificial neural network. 10 effective sizing variables for producing suits are determined, and then all different body sizes are clustered using the Kohonen neural network. Aggregate loss is used as a tool to measure fitness of the newly obtained sizing chart. The results have a good coverage on Iranian body types, and could be used as a reference for apparel companies in Iran and other companies which produce suit for Iranian males.
Effect of Yarn Filament Fineness on the Surface Roughness of Polyester Woven Fabrics
Authors: Akgun Mine
Published: November 2018

The effect of weft yarn filament fineness on the surface roughness of fabrics woven from polyester yarns through different fabric constructional properties was investigated. Warp yarn type and count and warp density were the same but weft yarn count, weft yarn filament fineness/numbers, and weft density were different for the fabrics in the experimental sub-groups. An objective assessment for surface roughness measurement of woven fabrics by using a stylus profilometer was made. Experimental results show that yarn filament fineness affected fabric porosity and fabric surface roughness. Fabrics with finer filaments could have a compact structure due to small porosity values between the filaments inside the yarns and between yarns themselves in fabrics. Closeness of yarns in fabric structure decreased differences between high and low peaks on fabric surface, and as a result fabric surface roughness decreased.
Estimation of Areal Weight, Grab Tensile Strength, and Elongation at Break of PP Spunbond Nonwovens using Digital Image Analysis and Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Nohut Serkan , Tascan Mevlut , Akgobek Omer , Arici Tacettin
Published: November 2018

Polypropylene (PP) spunbond nonwoven fabrics are very important especially for health, furniture, and household industries. These industrial applications require fabrics with high tensile strength properties. In the textile industry, Digital Image Analysis (DIA) is used commonly on fabric property determination and online controlling. The estimation of fabric weight using digital image analysis is well established in the literature. But limited information can be found about the prediction of grab tensile strength and elongation at break using Digital Image Analysis (DIA). In this study, DIA and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) are used for the prediction of areal weight, tensile strength and elongation at break values of PP nonwoven fabrics at various weights (12g/m2, 20g/m2, 25g/m2, 30g/m2, 50g/m2). The experimentally tested fabric properties and the numerical defined statistical parameters obtained from DIA are related with each other using ANN. Results show that ANN is capable of prediction of fabric material properties by using data obtained by DIA without any experiments for the investigated type of PP nonwovens.
The Effects of Jacquard Woven Fabric Constructional Parameters and Elastane Yarn on Bending Rigidity
Authors: Süle Gülcan
Published: November 2018

In this research, the bending property of jacquard woven fabrics and the effects of weft density, weft yarn count, weave, and Lycra inclusion in weft yarn on this property were investigated. Viscose filament warp yarn and polyester and polyester/Lycra weft yarns were used for weaving fabrics, and 4/1 and 7/1 satin weaves with the same jacquard design were used as the ground weave. Experimental results show that the bending rigidities of the fabrics in the warp directions increase as the weft density increases and the weft yarn gets thicker. The bending rigidities of the fabrics woven with a 4/1 satin weave in the warp direction are higher compared to the bending rigidities of the fabrics woven with a 7/1 satin weave in the same direction. Similar to the bending rigidities in the warp direction, as the weft density increases and the weft yarn gets thicker, the bending rigidities of the fabrics in the weft directions increase. When the weft yarn includes Lycra, the bending rigidity values of the fabric decrease in the weft direction. Additionally, similar to the bending rigidity in the warp direction, the jacquard woven fabrics with a 4/1 satin weave have a higher bending rigidity in the weft direction compared to the jacquard woven fabrics with a 7/1 satin weave. It was observed that when the weft density increases, the overall bending rigidities of the fabrics increase. Despite fabrics woven with a polyester/Lycra weft yarn having a thicker weft yarn and heavier weight with the same weft density and weave compared to fabrics woven with a polyester weft yarn, the bending rigidity values in the weft direction have a lower overall fabric bending rigidity.
Flame-Retardant Polyamide 6/Carbon Nanotube Nanofibers: Processing and Characterization
Authors: Yin Xiaoli , Krifa Mourad , Koo Joseph H.
Published: November 2018

Polyamide 6 (PA6) was melt-blended with an intumescent flame retardant (FR), multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), and nanoclay particles to produce multi-component FR-PA6 nanocomposites. FR-PA6 nanofibers were processed from varied nanocomposite formulations via electrospinning. Electrospinnability, morphology, along with combustion and thermal properties of the nanofibers were investigated. Both the bulk-form nanocomposites and the electrospun nanofiber membranes exhibited significantly improved combustion properties, including both Heat Release Rate and Total Heat Release. On the other hand, thermal stability appeared compromised. With proper FR additive concentrations, synergism between MWNTs and nanoclay was observed.
Effect of Wrinkle Free Finishing of Cotton Twill Fabric
Authors: Yang Rui-Hua , Kan Chi-Wai
Published: November 2018

Wrinkle free finishing is a widely used functional finishing process to produce wrinkle-resistant cotton fabrics at the expense of tearing strength of fabrics. In this research, full factors and orthogonal experiments were carried out to invesitgate the mechnism between the wrinkle recovery and tearing strength of cotton fabrics. Wrinkle recovery angle (WRA) was tested by AATCC Test Method 66–2003. Fabric tearing strength, interwoven resistance, and yarn strength were tested before and after resin treatment by a tensile testing machine. By full factors experiment, it was found that the specimen could achieve its best wrinkle-free performance at 110°C curing temperature, 2.5 minutes curing time, 80% pick-up percentage and 60g/l resin concentration considering fabric tearing strength. It is found out that after resin treatment in optimum condition, it could effectively improve the WRA and at the same time with the minimum lose of tearing strength of fabric.
Effect of Bulk Density on the Acoustic Performance of Thermally Bonded Nonwovens
Authors: Zhu Wenbin , Nandikolla Vidya , George Brian
Published: November 2018

The effect of different fiber blend ratios and bulk densities at similar thicknesses on air permeability and sound absorption coefficient was investigated. The raw materials used were cotton, polyester, and bi-component fibers to make acoustic nonwovens through the air-laid and thermal bonding processes. A uniform thermal-conductivity box was designed in order to make thermally bonded nonwovens with fixed thicknesses. The experimental results depict that the air flow resistance of three-layer nonwoven was 0.565 kPa&mitdott;s/m, which was about four times greater than one-layer of 0.12 kPa·s/m. Sound absorption coefficient of 20% polyester-60% cotton-20% bicomponent nonwoven with lower bulk density was greater than the 60% polyester-20% cotton-20% bicomponent nonwoven. The sound absorption coefficient varied based on which fabric side faced the testing apparatus.
Superhydrophobic Textiles: Review of Theoretical Definitions, Fabrication and Functional Evaluation
Authors: Park Sohyun , Kim Jooyoun , Park Chung Hee
Published: November 2018

Engineering of superhydrophobic textile surfaces has gained significant scientific and industrial interest for its potential applications in outdoor wear and protective textiles, resulting in many publications especially on theoretical models and fabrication methods. In this review, progress in theoretical definitions to explain the wetting behavior and realization techniques for superhydrophobic textile surfaces is discussed. Firstly, theoretical models from Young, Wenzel, and Cassie-Baxter to the more recent re-entrant angle model are overviewed to understand the design strategy for superhydrophobic surfaces. Secondly, major surface manipulation techniques to produce superhydrophobic textiles were reviewed for: modification of surface energy, addition of surface roughness by depositing or growing nanoparticles either in spherical form or in high aspect ratio, etching by plasma or caustic chemicals. Particular attention is paid to evaluation methods to measure the level of hydrophobicity for superhydrophobic textile surfaces, as a limitation of static water contact angle (WCA) on differentiating superhydrophobic surfaces has been reported elsewhere. The challenges in application of superhydrophobic textiles to clothing materials in terms of comfort properties and durability are discussed with the suggestion of further research opportunities to expand the application.
A Direct Measurement Method of Yarn Evenness Based on Machine Vision
Authors: Li Junjuan , Zuo Baoqi , Wang Chen , Tu Wenxiao
Published: November 2018

In this paper, a new yarn evenness measurement method based on machine vision is introduced, which is a direct measurement process, as opposed to other methods. Two types of yarns (i.e., same yarn count but different quality grade and same quality grade but different yarn count) are measured to determine the coefficient of variation unevenness, which can be compared with the results of USTER ME100. The yarn images are continuously captured via an image acquisition system. To determine the main body of the yarn accurately, the yarn images are processed sequentially by a threshold segmentation and morphological opening operation. Next, the coefficient of variation (CV value) of the diameter is calculated to characterize the yarn evenness. Different image processing methods are used and compared to obtain a suitable method for use in the experiment. A more accurate, more efficient, and faster measurement system will meet requirements of the manufacturing of yarn; the suitable performance of the proposed method is illustrated using experimental results.
Improvement of the Dyeing Properties of Microfiber Synthetic Leather Base by Hydrolyzed Collagen
Authors: Wang Xuechuan , Wang Xiaoqin , Qiang Taotao , Hao Xiaoli , Ren Longfang
Published: November 2018

The microfiber synthetic leather base was pretreated by sulfuric acid, and then hydrolyzed collagen was grafted onto the pretreated base, in which tanning F-90 was used as cross-linking agent. By the method of single-factor experimental design, F-90 and hydrolyzed collagen dosages were optimized. The change in dye uptake, surface chroma, and dry-rubbing and wet-rubbing fastness properties were discussed. The results showed that when F-90 dosage was 8% and hydrolyzed collagen dosage was 15%, the dyeing properties of modified base improved greatly. Compared with the pretreated base, it was found that the carboxyl content in modified base increased by 186.26% and the amino content increased by 126.21%. The dye uptake improved by 37.74%, the surface chroma deepened, and the dry-rubbing and wet-rubbing fastness improved. The water vapor permeability improved by 64.53% and the hygroscopicity improved by 50.89%. The mechanical properties also had different degrees of enhancement. Furthermore, the base before and after being modified were characterized by SEM-EDS, AFM, TGA and contact angle respectively. The results showed that the loose degree of fiber increased obviously, the relative average roughness decreased, the thermal property also decreased slightly and the hydrophilicity was enhanced.
On-line Loom Weft Density Control System Design
Authors: Zefrehyee Atieh Almasi , Tehran Mohammad Amani , Norsaty Hooshang , Abhajani Marzie
Published: November 2018

Controlling the weft density in the course of weaving is of great importance in technical textiles production. In this study, a closed loop control system was designed and implemented in a weaving machine. Moreover, a PID algorithm was used in the control system. The control action starts by taking a picture from the fabric near the cloth fell. A machine vision system was prepared to calculate the number of weft yarns per inch. Based on the measured weft density, the take-up roller speed was adjusted by changing the supply voltage to the take-up motor. Because of the variable delay between the weft density measurement and cloth fell, the normal PID control system was not able to provide a robust action, and thus, a Smith predictor was utilized to modify the control behavior. The results of set point tracing and regulatory control action indicated the satisfactory performance of our novel system in various tests.
Breaking Strength and Elongation Properties of Polyester Woven Fabrics on the Basis of Filament Fineness
Authors: Kaynak Hatice Kübra , Babaarslan Osman
Published: November 2018

Woven fabrics produced from microfilament yarns are superior to conventional filament fabrics in rain clothes, tents, parachutes, sails, wind-proof clothes, sleeping bags, filters, and surgical gowns due to their distinguishing properties such as good filtration, barrier effect against weather conditions, and light weight. Breaking strength and elongation are important and decisive parameters for these end uses since low strength properties shorten the useful life time as well disable the functionality of these products. In this study, breaking strength and elongation properties of microfilament woven fabrics are investigated in comparison to conventional filament fabrics. Three different weave types are used as 1/1 Plain, 3/2 Twill, and 4/1 Satin. Four different weft setts and five different filament finenesses are applied for every weave type. In doing so, 60 woven fabric samples are produced. Important influences of weft sett and filament fineness are observed on weft direction breaking strength. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results are used to interpret the experimental data.
Thermal Transmission Attributes of Knitted Structures Produced by Using Engineered Yarns
Authors: Ertekin Gözde , Oğlakcioğlu Nida , Marmarali Arzu , Eser Burçin , Pamuk Maşuk
Published: November 2018

Thermal comfort has become an important parameter for clothing design. Factors affecting the thermal behavior of clothing are numerous and they include thermal insulation, transfer of moisture and vapor through clothing and heat exchange, etc. The aim of this study is to investigate the thermal comfort characteristics of knitted structures produced by using two different engineered yarns with the constructions of single jersey and pique. The air permeability, thermal resistance, thermal absorptivity, and water vapor permeability characteristics were tested. Besides the evaluation of the effects of yarn type and fabric construction, the fabrics were also categorized as dyed and undyed in order to analyze the effect of dyeing on the characteristics of fabrics. The results revealed that air permeability and thermal resistance values decreased after the dyeing process, while thermal absorptivity values increased. Pique fabric construction and fabrics produced with 100% engineered polyester yarn exhibit higher air permeability, higher thermal resistance, and lower thermal absorptivity attributes.
Investigation of the Thermal Transfer Behavior of Single Layer Woven Fabrics at Different Temperatures
Authors: Liu Xiaoxia , Wang Tingting , Zhuang Mingyu , Xin Binjie , Liu Wei
Published: November 2018

The thermal conductivity of several high performance woven fabrics at temperatures ranging from −50? to 200? was measured using the hot wire method to explore the relationship between the thermal conductivity and temperature. Data regression of the least squares was used to obtain curves of the thermal conductivity of various fabrics vs. temperature. Results show that the thermal transfer process in woven fabrics is mainly thermal conduction consisting of phonon and molecular conduction. Thermal conductivity as a function of temperature varies as temperature range changes, and is significantly affected by fiber type.
In-situ Characterization of Fabric Thickness under Tension based on CHES-FY System
Authors: Sun Fengxin , Du Zhaoqun , Yu Weidong , Chen Nanliang
Published: November 2018

This paper details an effort to study the principle and the investigate feasibility of measuring dynamic thickness of fabric under tension based on a comprehensive handle evaluation system for fabrics and yarns (CHES-FY), which was developed to evaluate multiple mechanical properties of fabrics and yarns by a pull-out test. The initial thickness measured by CHES-FY system was compared with that by KES-FB system. Relationships between thickness strain and axial strain of fabrics were obtained from experimental and theoretical results so as to reveal out-of-plane Poisson's ratio. Effect of the horizontal distance between bi-U-shaped pins and the pulling pin on thickness is discussed. It is demonstrated that CHES-FY system can measure the dynamic thickness of fabric and characterize the out-of-plane Poisson's ratio effectively. The CHES-FY system would be helpful in analyzing thickness changes in the weaving and winding process when fabric is subjected to mechanical actions.
Optimization of Digital Textile Printing Process using Taguchi Method
Authors: Jung Jin Joo , Kim Sungmin , Park Chang Kyu
Published: November 2018

Digital textile printing has become one of the most important manufacturing processes for mass customization of clothing goods, especially for short-run prints. In this method, high color strength and fastness are very important. In this study, the optimization of the printing process was investigated using the Taguchi method. To determine the optimum conditions for color strength and fastness, two types of multiple characteristic parameter design methods were used, including the single characteristic value conversion method and the minimum-maximum selection method. Both methods suggested better conditions than currently used methods.
Functionalized Antimicrobial Electrospun Poly (vinyl alcohol) Nanowebs
Authors: Turaga Uday , Singh Vinitkumar , Gibson Anna , Maharubin Shahrima , Korzeniewski Carol , Presley Steven , Smith Ernest , Kendall Ronald J , Ramkumar Seshadri S.
Published: November 2018

Electrospun poly (vinyl alcohol) [PVA] nanowebs functionalized with a commercially available microbiocidal solution Reputex™ 20 were prepared. The active ingredient of Reputex™ 20 is polyhexamethylene biguanides, a safe antiseptic. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy confirmed the functionalization of PVA nanowebs. Functionalized nanowebs were characterized by evaluating their antimicrobial properties, breathability characteristics and tensile properties. Functionalized nanowebs demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Nanowebs developed from biocompatible polymers like PVA, and functionalized with safe antiseptics, could find many biomedical applications such as wound bandages.
Image Segmentation of Printed Fabrics with Hierarchical Improved Markov Random Field in the Wavelet Domain
Authors: Jing Junfeng , Li Qi , Li Pengfei , Zhang Hongwei , Zhang Lei
Published: November 2018

An improved MRF algorithm–hierarchical Gauss Markov Random Field model in the wavelet domain is presented for fabric image segmentation in this paper, which obtains the relation of inter-scale dependency from the feature field modeling and label field modeling. The Gauss-Markov random field modeling is usually adopted to feature field modeling. The label field modeling employs the inter-scale causal MRF model and the intra-scale non-causal MRF model. After that, parameter estimation is the essential section in the inter-scale, enhancing modeling capabilities of the pixels partial dependency. Sequential maximum a posterior criterion is applied to achieve the results of image segmentation. Comparisons with other hybrid schemes, results are indicated that performance of the presented algorithm is effective and accurate, in terms of classification accuracy and kappa coefficient, for patterned fabric images.
Fuzzy Knowledge Based Expert System for Prediction of Color Strength of Cotton Knitted Fabrics
Authors: Hossain Ismail , Hossain Altab , Choudhury Imtiaz Ahmed , Mamun Abdullah Al
Published: November 2018

The present study is intended to develop an intelligent model for the prediction of color strength of cotton knitted fabrics using fuzzy knowledge based expert system (FKBES). The factors chosen for developing the prediction model are dye concentration, dyeing time and process temperature. Besides, such factors are nonlinear and have mutual interactions among them; so it is not easy to create an exact correlation between the inputs variables and color strength using mathematical or statistical methods. In contrast, artificial neural network and neural-fuzzy models require massive amounts of experimental data for model parameters optimization which are challenging to collect from the dyeing industries. In this context, fuzzy knowledge based expert system is the most efficient modeling tool which performs exceptionally well in a non-linear complex domain with lowest amount of trial data like human experts. In this study, laboratory scale experiments were conducted for three types of cotton knitted fabrics to verify the developed fuzzy model. It was found that actual and predicted values of color strength of the knitted fabrics were in good agreement with each other with less than 5% absolute error.
The Effect of Heat-Setting Conditions on the Performance Characteristics of Warp Knitted Spacer Fabrics
Authors: Ertekin Gözde , Marmarali Arzu
Published: November 2018

Spacer fabrics can be produced by using weaving or nonwoven techniques besides warp and weft knitting processes. Warp knitted spacer fabrics are produced by using polyester multifilament and monofilament yarns for surface layers and spacer yarn, respectively. After knitting process, surface layers of these fabrics are in the closed form. Then these fabrics are subjected to a heat-setting treatment in order to increase their structural stability and to achieve an open form with holes. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the effect of heat-setting conditions on the performance characteristics of the warp knitted spacer fabrics. Mass per unit area, thickness, air permeability, compressibility, dimensional stability and compression set properties were measured and evaluated statistically in order to determine the effects of heat-setting conditions such as temperature, duration of heat-setting and stretching (the tension applied to the samples during heat-setting) on the performance characteristics. The results revealed that, heat-setting process has significant effect on all measured performance characteristics of the samples. After heat-setting process, air permeability and compressibility values increases while mass per unit area and compression set values decreases.
The Impact of Fiber Dispersion on Filtration and Tensile Properties of Glass Fiber Filter Paper
Authors: Tang Min , Liang Yun , Hu Jian
Published: November 2018

Air quality control has become increasingly important in many industrial areas. Glass fiber filter paper is widely used for the collection of airborne particulate matter. Since glass fiber is fragile, fiber dispersion is believed to be important for controlling filter paper properties. In this paper, the impact of fiber dispersion on filtration performance and tensile properties was studied. Two types of glass fiber filter paper prepared from six different dispersing methods were used to analyze the impact of dispersion on filtration and tensile properties. Rotational viscosity was used to characterize the fiber dispersion process. Dispersing strength and time had no significant effect on filtration properties, namely the pressure drop, penetration and figure of merit. The fiber composition should be the determining factor of filtration properties. Dispersing strength and time had little effect on the virgin tensile strength of glass fiber paper, while the tensile strength retention after folding was highly affected by dispersion. It is suggested that fiber cutting should be reduced in the fiber dispersion process for higher tensile strength retention.
Adsorption of Cu(II) from Aqueous Solutions by Ammoniated Cotton Fiber
Authors: Zang Chuanfeng , Ren Yu , Wang Fangfang , Lin Hong , Chen Yuyue
Published: November 2018

This study describes the preparation of a novel chelating cotton fiber adsorbent, ammoniated cotton fiber (ACF), which was prepared by modifying cotton fiber with amino-HBP using glutaraldehyde as a cross-linking agent. This new adsorbent was characterized and analyzed for amine content, and by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The capacity of ACF to adsorb Cu(II) from aqueous solution was evaluated at different pHs, contact times and initial metal ion concentrations. The results showed that ACF was effective in removing of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions and the adsorption amount of Cu(II) reached 16.7374 mg g-1. The adsorption isotherm and kinetics were well fitted to the Langmuir model and the pseudo-second-order model, respectively. The adsorption amount calculated using the pseudo-second-order model was in good agreement with the experimental data.
Purification of Methylene Blue via Photocatalytic Nanofibrous Membranes Containing TiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Sajjadi Ali , Ravandi Seyed Abdolkarim Hosseini , Izadan Hossein , Kadivar Nastaran
Published: November 2018

In this paper, titanium dioxide nanoparticles were synthesized on polyacrylonitrile nanofiber membranes via a sol-gel process. Filter structure consisted of a non-woven polyurethane-carbon substrate, polyacrylonitrile nanofiber and titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The concentration of methylene blue dye solution was measured via UV radiation. The filtration efficiency was calculated via Langmuir-Hinshelwood pseudo-first order equations. The results showed that the filtration efficiency of samples using titanium dioxide under UV rays was higher than those without titanium dioxide and UV rays in both immersing and cross-flow processes. Degradation efficiency of the cross-flow system was three times higher than that of immersing method. In the cross-flow process, the effect of three variables-pressure on the membrane, initial concentration of dye solution and pH of the dye solution was studied under UV rays. The highest efficiency obtained was 90.3% by using 1.5 bar pressure, 40 μM initial concentration and pH of 4.1.
Development of a Functional Speed Skating Uniform through Aerodynamic Analysis on Knit Textiles and Uniforms
Authors: Moon Youngjin , Song Jooho , Kwon Kybeom , Kwon Ogyeong , Kim Mikyung , Yoon Seok-Han , Yunghwan Byun , Sa A-Na
Published: November 2018

This study was carried out to improve speed skating uniforms through the development of materials to minimize air resistance and proper placement of the developed materials. Gliding of individual human body parts is studied via 3D simulation using Computational Fluid Dynamics. This study also conducted wind tunnel experiments by applying the developed uniform to a human-sized mannequin, based on cylinder wind tunnel experiment results on the empirically designed and developed knit textiles. As a result of the cylinder wind tunnel experiment for drag test on knit textiles, the existing product's drag coefficient was found to be 1.0, and the first-phase and second-phase developed textiles’ drag coefficients were 0.72 and 0.58, respectively. Therefore, air resistance was reduced, and the drag coefficients of the newly developed uniforms were lower than the existing uniform by 2.3~2.53%. From the results of this study, properly designed dimple-applied material reduces pressure drag by forming a turbulent boundary layer, compared to the material using smooth textile. A uniform consisting of the dimple-applied material is expected to improve athletic performance.
An Efficient Method for Geometric Modeling of 3D Braided Composites
Authors: Wang Qi , Zhang Ronghua , Wang Jianming , Jiao Yanan , Yang Xiaohui , Ma Ming
Published: November 2018

To estimate the precise mechanical properties of a three-dimensional (3D) braided composite, a geometric study is needed. Because of the complexity of the yarn paths inside the preform, the geometric modeling for 3D braided composites is always time consuming. In this paper, an efficient method, namely preform boundary reflection (PBR), is proposed for motion model construction in geometric studies. Furthermore, a CAD simulation system using novel combinations of parameters was developed for integral geometric descriptions of 3D braided preforms. Compared with the traditional method, the new method significantly simplifies the simulation process without affecting the precision of geometric structure. As a result, the structure design for composite preforms is effectively accelerated. The new method establishes a foundation for microstructure and mechanical properties analysis of preforms with complex geometric structures.
Effects of Fiber Linear Density on Acrylic Carpet Performance
Authors: Çelik H. İbrahim
Published: November 2018

The appearance of cut-pile carpets deteriorates due to foot traffic and long term heavy loadings. This deterioration is generally seen as a fuzzy appearance due to loose fibers and fuzz on the carpet surface or as thickness loss. The fiber fineness has important effects on a number of yarn properties including cohesion, evenness, strength, stiffness and luster. In this study, three acrylic yarns with different fiber finenesses at the same yarn linear density were used to produce cut-pile carpet samples. The effects of fiber linear density on the amount of loose fibers and fuzz on the carpet surface, thickness loss under prolonged heavy static and dynamic loadings and compression recovery after loading-unloading were investigated. The carpet produced with finest fibers yarns had the lowest amount of loose fibers due to higher cohesion. The carpet samples with the finest fibers exhibited the highest resiliency and lowest thickness loss under static loading. However, the carpet samples with the coarsest fibers showed the least thickness loss under dynamic loading and higher compression recovery after loading-unloading.
Permeability and Wicking Properties of Modal and Lyocell Woven Fabrics Used for Clothing
Authors: Ozdemir Hakan
Published: November 2018

In this study, air permeability, water vapor permeability and wicking properties of certain woven fabrics, which are important comfort properties for clothes and garments, have been investigated. The effects of raw material (modal, Lyocell), weave pattern (plain, 2/2 twill, 1/3 twill, 2/2 matt) and weft yarn density (18, 22, 26) on these properties have been analysed graphically and statistically.

The comfort characteristics of fabrics (permeability and wicking properties) are closely associated with the changes in their structural parameters: 2/2 matt and plain woven fabrics, where porosities are high, have better permeability and wicking properties. Increasing weft yarn density lead to decreases in porosity, resulting in decreased permeability and wicking properties. Increasing yarn twist increased the porosity of the fabrics. Lyocell fabrics showed improved permeability and wicking properties over modal fabrics due to Lyocell fibers’ high percentage of fibrillary structure.
The Influences of Loop Length and Raw Material on Bursting Strength Air Permeability and Physical Characteristics of Single Jersey Knitted Fabrics
Authors: Değirmenci Züleyha , Çoruh Ebru
Published: November 2018

This paper reports the effect of loop length and raw material on the air permeability and the bursting strength of plain knitted fabrics. In this study, a series of plain knitted fabrics were produced on a circular knitting machine with cotton, polyester, acrylic and viscose by Ne 30/1 yarns. Each fabric type was produced with four different stitch lengths. All the fabrics were knitted at the same machine setting in order to determine the effect of their structure on the fabric properties. Their geometrical and physical properties were experimentally investigated. The influences of the loop length and the raw material on the number of the courses per cm, number of the wales per cm, loop shape factor, thickness, fabric unit weight, tightness factor, air permeability and bursting strength are analyzed. Statistical analysis indicates that raw material and loop length significantly parameters affect the air permeability and the bursting strength properties of the fabrics.
Negative Air Ion Release and Far Infrared Emission Properties of Polyethylene terephthalate/Germanium Composite Fiber
Authors: Chen Zhi , Wang Jian , Li Jing , Zhu Yanan , Ge Mingqiao
Published: November 2018

PET/germanium composite fibers that with negative air ion release and far infrared emission properties were prepared by adding germanium particles to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and melt-spinning. The morphology, effect of the germanium content on the negative air ion release, far infrared emission, thermal and mechanical properties of the fibers were investigated. The germanium particles uniformly disperse in the PET fibers when the concentration ranged from 1% to 3 percent. The value of the negative air ions released by the PET/germanium composite fibers increased with increasing content of germanium and reached 1470 ions/cm-3 at 3% germanium concentration. The highest far infrared normal emissivity (0.9) was obtained at 3% germanium concentration. The TG and DSC analysis revealed that the two heat histories used had little effect on the PET. The crystallinity of the composite fibers decreased with increasing germanium content. Water fastness testing showed that the PET/germanium composite fibers had excellent and durable negative air ion release and far infrared emission properties. The breaking strength of the fibers decreased with increasing of the germanium content.
Dyeing of Polypropylene Blends by Using Microwave Energy
Authors: Sahinbaskan Burcu , Koçak Emine Dilara , Merdan Nigar , Akalın Mehmet
Published: November 2018

In this work, C.I. Disperse Blue 79 was used to dye 100 % isotactic polypropylene (iPP) fibers, the most widely used fiber in the industry, 100 % linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) polymer fibers and ternary polymer blends obtained from four different proportions of these polymer fibers with an elastomer of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) in the absence and presence of microwave. The samples were tested for color measurement, color fastness, mechanical and morphological properties. The results of the investigation show that addition of up to 15% EVA in ternary polymer blends results in good color and mechanical properties for both dyeing methods in both the absence and presence of microwave energy. The SEM images indicate there is no porosity on the surfaces of the iPP/LLDPE/EVA ternary polymer blends dyed in the presence of microwave energy. Using microwave energy for dyeing provided a saving of almost 90% of the time normally required and thus a significant amount of energy.
Study of K/S, Anti-bacterial, UV-protection, Anti-odor and SEM on Chemical Treated Cotton Fabrics
Authors: Moses J. Jeyakodi , Venkataraman V.K.
Published: November 2018

In this research work cotton fabrics were treated with sodium hydroxide, morpholine and cellulase enzyme. The treated fabrics were then dyed with some selected natural dyes such as annatto, onion, pomegranate, indigo, myrobalan, bar berry; and synthetic dyes such as reactive and sulphur dyes. These treated samples were tested for their dyeing characteristics (K/S value, fastness properties, washing, light, rubbing and stain resistance), antibacterial, uv-protection, anti-odor behaviors and SEM study. Among the treated fabrics, sodium hydroxide treated cotton fabric exhibited the best properties.