bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ԱԳՐՈԶԲՈՍԱՇՐՋՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԶԱՐԳԱՑՄԱՆ ՄԻՋԱԶԳԱՅԻՆ ՓՈՐՁԻ ՎԵՐԼՈՒԾՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ/THE ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF AGRITOURISM DEVELOPMENT/АНАЛИЗ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО ОПЫТА РАЗВИТИЯ АГРОТУРИЗМА
Authors: Avetisyan Samvel , Tovmasyan Gayane , Mirijanyan Lusya , Tatosyan Kristine , Galustyan Inga , Rushanyan Argine
Published: January 2022

Agritourism is a journey to rural areas, the purpose of which is to participate in agricultural, land cultivation, harvesting, and other activities. The analysis of the international experience of agritourism development is very important, as it allows identifying the main steps of the development of different countries, the possibilities of their localization in the Republic of Armenia. The article analyzes the models of agritourism development, the experience of different countries, such as France, Italy, Germany, Georgia, Australia, etc., associations operating in this field in different countries, and their functions. The issues and the main steps of agritourism development in different countries, as well as the main directions of their application in the Republic of Armenia were discussed and analyzed.
ՍՈՑԻԱԼԱԿԱՆ ՊԵՏՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՏՆՏԵՍԱԿԱՆ ՀԻՄՔԸ ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆԻ ՀԱՆՐԱՊԵՏՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՈՒՄ/ ECONOMIC BASIS OF SOCIAL STATE IN THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA/ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ОСНОВА СОЦИАЛЬНОГО ГОСУДАРСТВА В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ АРМЕНИЯ
Authors: Jomardyan Nune
Published: January 2022

The article analyzes the features of the social market economy as the economic basis of the social state. Based on comparative legal and logical methods, the author substantiates the need for a conceptual approach to the regulation of economic relations, which will allow considering these norms in the context and interconnection with all other norms of the Constitution. From this point of view, the article presents recommendations aimed at the active participation of the individual in the socio-political life of the country, as well as protecting the rights of the latter in the implementation of the social function of property․
TANGGUNG JAWAB GURU DALAM PENCAPAIAN TUJUAN PAK DI SEKOLAH MENURUT MATIUS 19:28-29
Authors: Ruku Arini Yustika Rahmawati
Published: January 2022

Dalam Pendidikan Agama Kristen, untuk menetapkan arah, sasaran atau tujuan PAK adalah hal yang sangat penting dan sangat menentukan bahkan menjadi prinsip utama Pendidikan Agama Kristen. Tanggung jawab Guru PAK perlu dipahami dan dilaksanakan secara tepat sehingga tujuan Pendidikan Agama Kristen dapat tercapai. Metode yang digunakan dalam karya ilmiah adalah kajian pustaka. Hasil kajian membuktikan bahwa tercapainya tujuan PAK di sekolah dapat diukur dari: siswa percaya dan menerima Yesus sebagai Juruselamat, siswa memiliki persekutuan dengan Tuhan dan yang terakhir siswa melakukan firman Tuhan dalam kehidupannya.
GEREJA DALAM PERSIMPANGAN: LEMBAGA SWADAYA MASYARAKAT ATAU LEMBAGA ADIKODRATI PENGEMBAN MANDAT ILLAHI
Authors: Sukardi Imanuel , Purdaryanto Samuel
Published: January 2022

Church must be understood as supernatural spritual institution as bearers of divine mandates on this earth, spiritual mandates and social mandates, be spiritual blessing and physical blessing. Church has taken the form of formal and legal institutions as such as social institutions. Then,the problems are the character and the impact of churches are not better than the social institution. Its because they lost their boot mandates. Those mandates originate and move from two church shahadas,love God and love others. The ambivalance among shahada and character,mandate and function cause churches are on intersection of become social institution or a spiritual institution. To back to their origin function,churches face two challenges. They are bravery to take off the deadly tradition,system,and theologies and then back to biblical tradition,system,and theologies.
FUNGSI GURU PENDIDIKAN AGAMA KRISTEN DALAM PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER ANAK DI SEKOLAH KRISTEN
Authors: Sinaga Janes
Published: January 2022

Tujuan penulisan ini adalah memaparkan fungsi sekolah Kristen sebagai sarana tempat mendidik siswa untuk memiliki karakter yang baik dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dimanapun berada.Pada zaman modern ini beberapa orang tidak memiliki karakter yang baik, untuk itu sejak masa kanak-anak adalah pilihan yang tepat mendidik mereka agar memiliki karakter yang baik. Sekolah Kristen adalah pilihan yang tepat untuk mendapatkan Pendidikan karakter dikarena berdasarkan kebenaran Firman Tuhan dan dididik oleh guru yang berdedikasi dalam pelayanan dan seorang yang takut akan Tuhan. Metode penulisan ini mengunakan metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan daftar Pustaka buku-buku dan jurnal nasional dan setelah menganalisa data-data tersebut penulis menjelaskannya dalam hasil pembahasan dan kesimpulan. Melalui tulisan ini diharapkan setiap orang tua mempercayakan anaknya dididik di sekolah Kristen agar mereka memiliki pengetahuan yang baik dan karakter yang baik dalam kehidupan kesehariannya pada saat ini dan di masa yang akan datang.
Primary versus revision total shoulder arthroplasty: comparing relative value and reimbursement trends
Authors: Carney John Joseph , Gerlach Erik , Plantz Mark , Swiatek Peter Raymond , Marx Jeremy , Saltzman Matthew , Marra Guido
Published: January 2022

Background: Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment for multiple shoulder pathologies. The purpose of our study was to compare the relative value units (RVUs) per minute of surgical time for primary and revision TSA.Methods: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried to identify patients that underwent primary TSA, one-component revision TSA, and two-component revision TSA between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2017 using current procedure terminology codes. RVUs were divided by mean operative time for each procedure to determine the amount of revenue generated per minute. Rates were compared between the groups using a one-way analysis of variance with post-hoc Tukey test. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.Results: When dividing compensation by surgical time, we found that two-component revision generated more compensation per minute compared to primary TSA (0.284±0.114 vs. 0.239±0.278 RVU per minute or $10.25±$4.11 vs. $8.64±$10.05 per minute, respectively; p=0.001). Conclusions: The relative value of revision TSA procedures is weighted to account for the increased technical challenges and time associated with these procedures. This study confirms that reimbursement is higher for revision TSA compared to primary TSA.
SHIITAKE MUSHROOM AS A CAUSE OF BOWEL OBSTRUCTION
Authors: Chiew Yen Felicia Kong , Palayan Kandasami , Manohkaran Subhathira
Published: January 2022

Shiitake mushroom, claimed to have major health benefits. It is a popular ingredient in east Asian cuisine. Given that mushrooms are rich in dietary fiber, the undigested fiber can act as a bezoar and may cause small bowel obstruction. Bezoar-induced small bowel obstructions are rare and herein we report a case of intestinal obstruction caused by shiitake mushroom. An elderly patient was admitted with features of intestinal obstruction. Preoperative imaging showed dilated small bowel with suspicious mass in ileum. Patient underwent laparotomy and undigested shiitake mushroom was retrieved at enterotomy. Clinical awareness of the mushroom induced intestinal obstruction and early use abdominal computed tomography (CT) are essential for prompt diagnosis and treatment.
Ex-situ hepatectomy: Indications, Techniques and Results
Authors: Coco Danilo , Leanza Silvana
Published: January 2022

Ex situ hepatectomy is a novel approach, used in treating complicated liver tumors, which are otherwise unresectable via conventional methods including organ perfusion, liver transplant, hemodynamic management, vascular reconstruction or even extended hepatic resection. The Ex situ hepatectomy technique denotes the entire removal of the infected liver, which is then perfused in a cold preservation solution, which allows the surgeon to remove tumors, which were otherwise unreachable when the liver is situated in the body. In so doing, the tumor is restricted ex situ on the surgeon stable, while the remaining liver is implanted orthotopically. Notably, the works on Ex situ hepatectomy techniques are credited to Pichlmary 1990, who proposed the surgical approach in the treatment of bilateral liver leiomyosarcoma. More to that, there are only a handful of successful Ex situ hepatectomy cases which have been recorded on a global scale, given the complexity of the operation. Secondary as well as primary liver tumors are some of the most commonly occurring liver tumors in  humans.
Prevalence of Cholecystitis in Morbidly Obese Patients After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy
Authors: ALI Bandr , Alshammari Farah , Almakinzy Hamad , Alshehri Mansour
Published: January 2022

Background Aims: Rapid weight loss after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is associated with an increased risk of cholelithiasis. With 7-15% of patients requiring cholecystectomy after bariatric surgery, there is ongoing debate regarding the potential benefits of performing cholecystectomy with the primary bariatric surgery. The goals of this study were to investigate the frequency and timing of cholecystectomies post LSG and determine the associated risk of choledocholithiasis post LSG in Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh. Subjects and methods: A retrospective cohort study of 1112 patients undergoing LSG. The inclusion criteria are patients who are age above 18 years old who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). Statistical analysis: Analysis was performed using IBM’s Statistical Package for the social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Results were expressed in numbers and percentages for categorical variables. Continuous variables were expressed as means and standard deviations. All the comparisons were analyzed using non-parametric methods. The level selected for statistical significance was a probability value <0.05. Results: Our results shows the main cause of having cholecystitis is the significant loss of weight within the first six months Conclusion: A 17.9% incidence of symptomatic cholelithiasis was noted among post-LSG patients over a period of seven years. Rapid weight loss was the only risk factor that contributed to the development of post-LSG gallbladder stone disease.
Spontaneous Pneumothorax Mimicking Perforated Viscus in Covid-19 patient
Authors: SOAID MOHD SHAHIMIN , AHMAD NORSAFARINY
Published: January 2022

Case presentation: A 65-year-old female diagnosed with COVID-19 developed worsening respiratory distress requiring invasive ventilation. Chest radiography post-intubation revealed air under the diaphragm, pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema. The case was referred to the surgical team for emergency laparotomy for suspected perforated viscus. Clinically, her abdomen was distended but there was no sign of peritonism. In view of the high risk of perioperative morbidity and absence of peritonism, a CT scan was done to rule out the cause of pneumoperitoneum. CT scan showed bilateral pneumothorax, presence of air in the extra peritoneum and retroperitoneum. There was no air in the peritoneum and no evidence of perforated viscus. She was treated conservatively with bilateral chest tube insertion. Unfortunately, she developed multiorgan failure and succumbed to death.
Tipologi Integrasi Ilmu Agama dalam Pemikiran Islam Kontemporer
Authors: Kardi Kardi , Natsir Nanat Fatah , Haryanti Erni
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini menjelaskan tentang tipologi integrasi ilmu agama dalam pemikiran islam kontemporer. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini menggunakan metode atau pendekatan kepustakaan (library research), bahwa studi pustaka atau kepustakaan dapat diartikan sebagai serangkaian kegiatan yang berkenaan dengan metode pengumpulan data pustaka, membaca dan mencatat serta mengolah bahan penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kajian tipologi adalah suatu ilmu yang mempelajari sesuatu tentang type, ilmu yang mempelajari tentang pengelompokan berdasarkan tipe atau jenis secara spesifik, tipologi berasal dari dua suku kata yaitu tiupo yang berarti pengelompokan dan logos adalah yang mempunyai arti ilmu atau bidang ilmu. Sedangkan menurut Budi A. Sukanda adalah sebuah pengklasifikasian sebuah type berdasarkan atas penelusuran terhadap asal- usul. Menurut Ian R Barbour mengusulkan empat tipologi untuk memetakan pendekatan yang dipakai dalam hubungan antara ilmu (Sains) dan agama yakni tipologi Konflik, tipologi independensi, tipilogi dialog, dan tipologi integrasi. Ke empat pendekatan tersebut adalah untuk memetakan bagaimana pendekatan tipologi integrasi ilmu agama yakni pembauran antara ilmu dan agama hingga menjadi kesatuan yang utuh atau bulat. Ide integrasi pertama kali digagas oleh sayyed hosein Nasr tahun 1976, kemudian gagasan itu dilanjutkan oleh Syeik Muhammad Naqib.
Gagasan Islamisasi Ilmu Pengetahuan
Authors: Ningsih Indah Wahyu , Natsir Nanat Fatah , Haryanti Erni
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini menjelaskan tentang gagasan islamisasi ilmu pengetahuan. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini menggunakan metode atau pendekatan kepustakaan (library research), bahwa studi pustaka atau kepustakaan dapat diartikan sebagai serangkaian kegiatan yang berkenaan dengan metode pengumpulan data pustaka, membaca dan mencatat serta mengolah bahan penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa munculnya isu Islamisasi ilmu pengetahuan merupakan sebuah respon atas dikotomi antara ilmu agama dan sains yang dimasukkan Barat sekuler dan budaya masyarakat modern ke dunia Islam. Kemajuan yang dicapai sains modern telah membawa pengaruh yang menakjubkan, namun di sisi lain juga membawa dampak yang negatif, karena sains modern (Barat) kering nilai atau terpisah dari nilai agama. Di samping itu Islamisasi Ilmu Pengetahuan juga merupakan reaksi atas krisis sistem pendidikan yang dihadapi umat Islam, yakni adanya dualisme sistem pendidikan Islam dan pendidikan modern (sekuler) yang membingungkan umat Islam.
A Method for Estimating the Regional Initial and Constant Loss for Design Flood Estimation in West Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Osman Sazali , Abustan Ismail , Abdullah Rozi
Published: January 2022

Floods are known as one of the world’s most frequent and devastating events. Techniques to predict and estimate the size of floods is depend on the availability of hydrological data. Using the conceptual of lump model, rainfall-runoff method is widely used in design flood estimation, which represents the input of rainfall and catchment characteristics such as rainfall depth, rainfall intensity, baseflow and losses. 7o calculate the catchments runoff, amount of losses shall be determine accurately by considering various source of the rainfall losses such as evaporation, inßltration, interception, depression storage and loss in groundwater recharge. In Malaysia, the common technique to estimate the hydrological losses is using initial and constant loss method. Furthermore, the value has been used in Urban Stormwater Manual for Malaysia (USMA) are adopted from the other literatures which is not represented the value from local catchment.7he objective of this study is to derive the initial and constant loss values using the data from selected local catchments in west Peninsular Malaysia. 7he calculated initial and constant loss will be further used to derive design flood discharge based on the design rainfall. An initial loss and constant loss model was examined in this study to observe the loss rate parameters in heterogeneous catchments and evaluate their signißcance as well as their potential influence on design peak floods. 7he study has been utilised the rainfall and runoff data from 113 storms over 15 catchments. 7he loss parameters were obtained from model optimi3ation using the HEC-HMS Modeling program. From the analyses, the median initial loss is 21.54mm with the standard deviation 7.85mm. 7he value shows higher than the value adopted in USMA. Meanwhile, the value for constant loss is 8.07mm which between the range of USMA. Based on the ßndings of design initial loss analyses, the values of initial loss were 49.3, 57.6, 64.1, 69.4, 73.3 and 76.6 for ARI 2,5,10,20,50 and 100, respectively. 7he percentage error between design initial loss and constant loss method and flood frequency method shows good results which are most of the percentage error less than 35%. It shows that the design initial loss and constant loss method produce reasonable accurate results when compared to the rainfall-runoff method and flood frequency method. Based on the ßndings, it can be suggested that the regional design initial loss and the constant loss rates would be able to serve reasonably well in determining catchment loss for the design purposes.
Vestibular Alveolar bone height measurement: Accuracy and Correlation between direct and indirect techniques.
Authors: Pérez-Sánchez Guillermo , González-Torres Maykel , Guzmán-Espinosa Mario , Hernández-Vidal Víctor , Teutle-Coyotecatl Bernardo , Mendoza-García Luz , Moyaho-Bernal Angeles
Published: January 2022

Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) has modified the perspective of dentistry images, providing manipulable threedimensional images with a 1:1 patient:image ratio. Treatments and diagnosis are modified or corroborated by CBCT; however, its accuracy in thin structures such as cortical bone has been subjected to critical review. The aim of this study is to correlate the measurement of vestibular alveolar bone height using direct measurements and measurements performed with cone-beam tomographic images with standard (SD) voxel resolution. Thirty incisor and premolar teeth of patients undergoing open curettage were measured with a high-precision caliper and with Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) at an SD resolution of 0.16 mm voxels in a 3D Orthophos XG Sirona scanner. Intra-observer evaluation was performed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Direct measurements and CBCT measurements were correlated using Pearson correlation (PCC). The mean difference between indirect and direct measurements was 3.15 mm. Paired t test and Pearson Correlation coefficient determined that all measurements differed statistically from each other with p<0.05. With the CT scanner and protocol used in this study, CBCT images do not enable accurate evaluation of vestibular alveolar bone height
Is it necessary to pre-treat Dentine before GIC Restorations? Evidence from an in Vitro Study.
Authors: Bassi Julio , Tedesco Tamara , Raggio Daniela , Santos Ana Maria , Bianchi Renata , de Sant’Anna Giselle
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of different pre-treatment approaches on glass ionomer cement (GIC) bond strength (BS) to dentine. Sixty bovine incisors were allocated into six groups according to substrate - sound or caries-affected dentine; and substrate pre-treatment approach - no conditioning (control), polyacrylic acid for 10 s and phosphoric acid for 7 s. Teeth in the caries-affected dentine group were previously submitted to cariogenic pH-cycling challenge. After dentine pre-treatment, according to experimental groups, polyethylene tubes were placed on flat dentine surfaces and filled with GIC. Teeth were stored in distilled water for 24 h at 37 °C and then submitted to microshear test (0.5 mm/min). Failure pattern analysis was performed under stereomicroscope (400x). Data were analysed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=5%). Statistically significant differences were found for the pre-treatment approach, regardless of substrate (p<0.001). The polyacrylic acid group and control group had similar BS values, and were both better than the phosphoric acid group. In general, GIC had better bonding performance in sound dentine than in caries-affected dentine. In conclusion, dentine pre-treatment with polyacrylic acid did not improve the performance of GIC restoration on clinically relevant substrates.
Odontogenic Infection and dental Pain negatively impact Schoolchildren’s Quality of Life.
Authors: Lamenha-Lins Renata , Cavalcanti-Campêlo Maria , Cavalcante-Silva Cláudia , Rodrigues-Mota Kelly , Leão-Oliveira Carlos , Lopes-Nascimento Patrícia , Vilela-Heimer Mônica , Santos-Júnior Valdeci
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of odontogenic infection in low-income Brazilian schoolchildren and evaluate its association with the subjective variables of oral health-related quality of life and dental pain. In this cross-sectional study, 230 schoolchildren aged eight to ten years old underwent a clinical oral survey in which the DMFT/dmft and PUFA/pufa indexes were measured. Afterward, children responded individually to the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ8-10) and self-reports of dental pain were collected. Data were statistically analyzed using MannWhitney or Kruskal-Wallis test with a post-test by Dunn's and Pearson correlation. Of the children evaluated, 42.6% had odontogenic infection and 80% reported experiencing dental pain. Children's age (p = 0.034) and past experience of dental pain (p < 0.002) were associated with odontogenic sepsis, in addition to impairment of their emotional well-being (p = 0.008), social welfare (p = 0.009) and overall impact on quality of life (p = 0.019). Toothache intensity (p < 0.001), frequency (p < 0.001) and duration (p < 0.001) were correlated to the overall impact on children's quality of life. The prevalence of odontogenic infection remains high among low-income Brazilian schoolchildren. Pediatric infection and its related pain induce not only various biological disorders but also impair children's self-perception of quality of life.
Decontamination of Gutta-percha Cones employed in Endodontics.
Authors: Carvalho Clairde , Pinto Moara , Batista Samuel , Quelemes Patrick , Falcão Carlos , Ferraz Maria
Published: January 2022

The gutta-percha cones used in endodontic treatment are produced in aseptic conditions and their composition includes zinc oxide, which is responsible for antibacterial activity. However, there is the possibility of microbial contamination by manipulation, aerosol or during storage. Although several chemical agents have been tested for their decontamination, there is no consensus on the best disinfection protocol to be used. The aim of this study was to evaluate the decontamination of gutta-percha cones contaminated with the bacteria Enterococcus faecalis, by using chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) at different concentrations for short exposure times. For this purpose, gutta-percha cones (size 40) were selected at random from a sealed box and immersed for 1 min in a microbial suspension. Then they were immersed in specific Petri dishes for different groups containing: CHX 2%, NaClO 1% or NaClO 2.5% for 30 s or 1 min, and subsequently placed in tubes containing BHI broth. After incubating the tubes for 48 h, it was observed that 1% and 2.5% NaClO and 2% CHX were effective for decontaminating the cones at those exposure time intervals. Microbial growth was detected in one of the replicates of the group with CHX applied for 30 s. To prevent the possibility of failures at this stage, the
Expansion treatment using Invisalign®: Periodontal health status and maxillary buccal bone changes. A clinical and tomographic evaluation.
Authors: Barreda Graciela , Dzierewianko Elizabeth , Mazza Valeria , Muñoz Karina , Piccoli Gisela , Romanelli Hugo
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in periodontal status and maxillary buccal bone by considering clinical and tomographic parameters during the first year of orthodontic expansion with Invisalign® aligners. Upper first (1PM) and upper second (2PM) premolars of 19 patients with orthodontic expansion requirement treated with Invisalign® aligners were evaluated. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and cone beam tomographic (CBCT) records were collected at 76 sites before starting treatment (T0) and at 12 months (T1). Bone height was measured from cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the crest cortical bone (CC). Bone thickness was measured at two levels: 4 mm (CEJ+4) and 6 mm (CEJ+6) apical to the CEJ. A descriptive analysis was made of the variations of bone thickness and height in a series of cases. The average expansion was 1.93 mm for 1PM and 167 mm for 2PM. Arithmetic mean of distance CEJ-CC in 1PM was 3.05 mm at T0, and remained at 3.05 mm at T1. Arithmetic mean of distance CEJ-CC in 2PM was 2.06 mm at T0 and 2.31 at T1. Post-expansion, most of the analyzed sites (86%) exhibited a bone thickness of ≥0.5 mm. The greatest variations between T0 and T1 were observed at the level of 1PM CEJ+ 4 and 2PM CEJ+ 6. The minimal changes in the clinical records (GI, PI, PPD and CAL) between T0 and T1 were compatible with the maintenance of gingivalperiodontal health. Invisalign® for expansion movements did not produce substantial changes in the evaluated periodontal clinical parameters or in the bone measurements. Removable appliances reduce plaque retentive factors and favor adequate oral hygiene.
Post preparation: cleanness achieved by different irrigating protocols.
Authors: Roitman Marcela , Picca Mariana , Macchi Ricardo
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of different irrigation protocols to remove from the walls of the root canal and entrance to dentinal tubules the smear layer produced during preparation for a fiber post. Fifty decoronated human lower premolars were treated endodontically and the apical third of the canal was filled with a single gutta-percha point using warm vertical compaction. Ten millimeters were left free for post preparation, which was done by sequential use of a Largo #1 drill and Exacto #3 pilot drill (Angelus, Brazil), with irrigation with distilled water upon each instrument change. Samples were distributed randomly into 5 groups (n=10). G 1: No irrigation after post preparation. G 2: Distilled water activated for 60 s + distilled water. G 3: 5.25% NaOCl 15 s+ distilled water. G 4: 17% EDTA (Farmadental, Argentina) 60 s + 5.25% NaOCl 15 s + distilled water. G 5: 10% polyacrylic acid (Densell) 15 s + distilled water. Irrigant was activated mechanically with a low-speed conical brush. Roots were then split longitudinally in vestibular-lingual direction. Each surface was observed under SEM in its different thirds. Microphotographs were taken at 150X and 600X magnification and results analyzed statistically using Kruskall Wallis and Friedman tests (p<0.05). The results [mean (standard deviation)] were: for 150X: G1 11.00 (1.33), G2 7.50 (3.13), G3 6.30 (2.58), G4 2.20 (2.80), G5 4.30 (1.50), and for 600X G1 11.40 (0.84), G2 10.00 (1.94), G3 7.70 (3.33), G4 5.80 (3.70), G5 7.20 (2.65). The statistical analysis showed significant differences between irrigants (p<0.05) but not between root thirds (p>0.05). The EDTA+NaOCl combination and polyacrylic acid showed greater capacity to remove the smear layer created during post preparation.
Brazilian dentists’ perceptions of using bone grafts: an inland survey
Authors: Araújo Lana , Antunes Gustavo , Melo Marcelo , Castro-Silva Igor
Published: January 2022

Pre-clinical assessments of bone substitute materials are frequent in the literature, but research papers about the clinical situation of bone graft use and consumer market acceptance are rare. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dental use of bone grafts according to the perception of dentists in the city of Sobral, Brazil. We interviewed 183 professionals and analyzed their professional data, knowledge of the subject, specific use, and opinions on cost-effectiveness and biosafety. Most of the respondents had 10 years’ or less experience in the profession, and lacked specialization though they had been familiar with the subject since they graduated. The most frequently mentioned compositions were ceramics, followed by composites. Only a quarter of the respondents had performed bone grafts, generally with up to 50 cases, with the most frequent applications being using simultaneously with a dental implant, fresh dental sockets and maxillary sinus lifting. Autogenous and xenogeneic grafts were more frequent than alloplastic and allogeneic; ceramics were the most frequently used composition, and the association of bone graft with membrane was more frequent than bone graft alone or associated with autologous fibrin. Professional and patient satisfaction was high, cost was considered moderate, and differences were found regarding patient participation in the choice and country of origin of the product. Bone grafts were used more often in the private than public service. Dentists stated that they follow the instructions. Inflammatory or infectious complications were found to be related to the frequency of the procedure performed and safety regarding the origin. Opinions were favorable regarding the use of grafts derived from animals and unfavorable to grafts derived from cadavers. Very few respondents were registered in human bone tissue banks. The good level of acceptance for dental use of bone grafts in a Brazilian inland city provides a promising scenario for the development of the sector.
Association between demarcated enamel hypomineralization on second primary molars and dental caries in childhood
Authors: Costa-Silva Cristiane , Ambrosano Glaucia , Mialhe Fábio
Published: January 2022

Hypomineralized Second Primary Molars (HSPM) is the name used to describe the presence of demarcated enamel hypomineralization in second primary molars. HSPM has been compared with Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) as regards its clinical appearance and consequences. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between HSPM and dental caries in childhood. It was a cross-sectional populationbased study that included 216 children aged 4-6 years from public schools in Botelhos, Brazil. Children with all second primary molars erupted were eligible for participation. Clinical examination was performed by one calibrated examiner. HSPM was recorded according to modified European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry criteria. The main outcome was dental caries experience as indicated by the dmft index (%dmft>0) according to WHO criteria. Chi-square test and Logistic Regression Model were used to adjust the results for effects of covariates Among the 216 children examined, 22.2% presented HSPM. After adjustment for logistic regression, children with HSPM were found to have a 2.28 times greater chance of presenting dental caries. Our results reinforce the importance of HSPM in caries development in children, which should be considered by public health dentists in the process of planning actions aimed at this population.
Cognitive impairment related to arterial stiffness in cardiovascular disease patients with severe periodontitis
Authors: Rubio María del , Rudzinski Jesica , Ramos Cecilia , Lifshitz Fima , Friedman Silvia , Nicolosi Liliana
Published: January 2022

Severe periodontal disease (SPD) associated with systemic peripheral inflammation, cognitive impairment (CI) and arterial stiffness (AS) has been recognized. The aim of this study was to investigate whether CI and arterial stiffness (AS) occur in cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients with SPD. A crosssectional case-control study included hospitalized patients with CVD. Demographic characteristics, CVD and atherogenic risk factors were recorded. SPD was diagnosed by clinical and radiographic dental examinations. Dental clinical attachment level (CAL) and CAL % were recorded. A Mini-Mental State Examination test (MMSE) assessed cognition, a MMSE score of < 27 was set as the cut-off point of CI; a score ≥ 27 was considered as no CI. Patients were categorized into: MMSE< 27 in the three models. The risk of having MMSE < 27 increased an average of 2.404-fold for each 1-unit increase in PWV. SPD and AS had significant and independent associations on the risk for development CI. MMSE negatively correlated with CAL% (r=0.69) and PWV (r=0.70). PWV positively correlated with CAL% (r=0.67). Serum VCAM-1 levels were higher in SPD with lower MMSE scores. In conclusion, SPD increases the risk of development of cognitive decline in CVD patients. PWV was directly associated with the risk of cognitive decline. These findings denote a significant opportunity to improve periodontal health in order to avert CI in CVD patients.
Dimensional stability of alginate molds scanned at different storage times
Authors: Daneu Gabriel , Vasconcelos Juliana , Oltramari Paula , de Almeida Marcio , Guiraldo Ricardo , Fernandes Thais
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate the precision and accuracy of molds made with four commercial brands of alginate scanned at different times using digital model analysis. Eighty molds of a standard Typodont were made using 4 types of alginate (CCC: Cavex Color Change; IA: Identic Alginate; HY5: Hydrogum 5 and JP: Jeltrate Plus). The molds were scanned at four times: immediately (T1), 24h (T2), 72h (T3) and 120h (T4) after molding. Measurements were taken in three dimensions: anteroposterior, transverse and vertical. Significant differences in dimensional changes were noted between the materials over time (p<0.05). Anteroposterior dimensional variation was noted between times, especially for IA and JP. For transverse and vertical variables, a difference was found between the groups, especially at 24 h, 72 h and 120 h. CCC presented significant dimensional shrinkage only at T120 (transverse). IA and JP presented larger dimensional distortions in the vertical measurements. The molding materials used were not dimensionally stable when evaluated after 120 hours of molding. However, such evidence suggests that alginates with longer storage time, such as Cavex Color Change, are more accurate than conventional alginates.
Creative behavior and its relationship to the administrative leadership of secondary school principals in Al- Karkh/2 district in Baghdad governorate
Authors: Areej Nihad  , Israa Fouad
Published: January 2022

تكمن اهمية البحث في ادارة المدرسة على اعتبار ان المدرسة هي الخلية الاساسية للنظام التربوي وغايته القصوى وبالتالي فان التعليم العصري يتطلب وجود قيادات متطورة ممثلة في الادارة التربوية وعلى مختلف المستويات , اما مشكلة البحث فقد لاحظت الباحثتين ان حالات تأخر العمل وشكوى بعض العاملين وذلك لسوء العلاقات مع القيادات الادارية وايمانا من الباحثتان ان قدرة المؤسسة ونجاحها او فشلها يعتمد على نوع خاص من القادة الذي يتسمون بالفاعلية والكفاءة  العالية توجيه سلوك العاملين نحو الابداع والانجاز تحقيقا لاهداف المؤسسة في خدمة الهيئات التعليمية وزيادة فاعلية القيادة وتنمية السلوك الابداعي لدى مدراء المدارس الثانوية في تربية الكرخ الثانية , فكان هدفا البحث  تحديد السلوك الابداعي للمدراء وفاعلية القيادة الادارية للمدراء واستخدمت الباحثتان المنهج الوصفي بالطريقة المسحية على عينه من مدراء مدارس الثانوية و البالغ عددهم (20) مدير تم توزيعهم , وتم اعداد مقياس للسلوك الابداعي و القيادة الادارية , واستنتجت الباحثتان ان مدراء المدارس الثانوية للبنات لتربية الكرخ الثانية يتمتعون بدرجة جيده من السلوك الابداعي فضلا عن تمتعهم بدرجة جيده من القيادة الادارية , واوصت الباحثتان على حث مدراء المدارس على الاشتراك في دورات التطويرية و المؤتمرات التي تساهم في رفع مستواهم في العمل الاداري
JEAN-MARIE GUSTAVE LE CLÉZIO ve KÜLTÜRLERARASILIK
Authors: ÖZGÜLER Ceren
Published: January 2022

Ulusal ya da etnik açıdan azınlık kültürlere mensup kişilerin, kendi kültürlerini yaşatabilmeleri, kendilerini özgürce ifade ederken hiçbir ayrımcılığa maruz kalmadan yaşamlarını sürdürebilmeleri günümüz dünyasında hala çözülmesi gereken bir sorun olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bugün çok sayıda ulusun içinde barındırdığı kültürel çeşitlilik, baskın kültürün daha zayıf olana karşı tutumu sebebiyle birçok beklenmedik çatışmanın olmasına neden olur. İkinci Dünya Savaşı'nın sona ermesini takip eden yıllar, bağımsızlık ve özgürlük taleplerinin damgasını vurduğu dekolonizasyon hareketine tanıklık yapmıştır. Bu konuya yalnızca ululslararası örgütler ya da uluslar tarafından değil, İkinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında doğan yazarlar tarafından da önem verilmiştir. Önceleri “vahşi” olarak kabul edilmiş kültürlerin varlığına karşı duyarlı bazı yazarlar, barış içinde birlikte yaşamanın ancak bütün kültürlerin tanınmasıyla mümkün olabileceğini vurgulamışlardır. Bu post-kolonyalizm ortamında doğan ve 2008 yılında Nobel Edebiyat Ödülü’nü alan Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio, kitaplarının yanı sıra, verdiği çeşitli röportajlarında ve yaptığı konuşmalarda, Batı kültürü ve yerli kültürlerin bir arada bulunabilmesinin ancak yeni bir birlikte yaşama biçimi olan kültürlerarasılık kavramının yaygınlaşmasıyla mümkün olabileceğine vurgu yapar. Kültürlerarasılık kavramının insanların bir arada ve barış içinde yaşayabilmesi için tek çare olduğunu savunurken, sıklıkla suistimal edilen yerli kültürlerin korunmasına yönelik olarak çalışmalar yapmaktadır. Çalışmamızda bu bağlamda, J.-M.G. Le Clézio’nun romanları dışında kalan röportaj ve konuşmalarından çeşitli örnekleri kültürlerarasılık kavramı üzerinden okumaya çalışacağız.
Chemical Safety Concerns of Sulfur Mustard Analog, 2-Chloroethyl Ethyl Sulfide, in Laboratory Study
Authors: Ye Feng , Sai Yan , Zou Zhongmin
Published: January 2022

: Sulfur mustard (SM), a classic chemical weapon in the vesicant category, can induce severe damage, for which the therapy is still limited even today. Laboratory work is essential in unveiling toxicological effects and developing medical countermeasures. Sulfur mustard analog 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), is employed in the lab for less toxicity. However, due to its similar characteristics to SM (being oily, hydrophobic, and volatile), the manipulation of CEES still needs special attention to avoid personnel injury and laboratory pollution. Here, to clear the chemical safety concerns in the laboratory study of CEES, the working procedure and experimental data are summarized, which might help educate new researchers to be skilled and professional.
Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus Genomes in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection, Cirrhosis, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Poortahmasebi Vahdat , Alavian Seyed Moayed , Ghaziasadi Azam , Azadi Arezou , Nasiri Toosi Mohsen , Jazayeri Seyed Mohammad
Published: January 2022

Background: Several studies have revealed that the hepatitis B virus (HBV) exists in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). It remains poorly understood whether HBV DNA and covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) can emerge in PBMCs of patients with different stages of HBV infection. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the detection of HBV DNA and quantification and presence of cccDNA within PBMC from patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: The present study was conducted on 120 participants (30 CHB patients, 30 cirrhosis patients, 30 HCC patients, and 30 healthy controls) from Tehran, Iran. HBV serological markers were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). PBMCs of all individuals were assayed for HBV DNA detection, quantification, and the presence of cccDNA. Results: Of 90 HBV patients, 58 (64.4%) were positive for HBV DNA in PBMCs. HBV DNA was detected in PBMCs isolated from 13/30 CHB, 20/30 cirrhosis, and 25/30 HCC patients. In addition, 6 (20%) CHB, 13 (43.3%) cirrhosis, and 16 (15.3%) HCC patients were cccDNA positive. The HBV viral loads in serums were statistically higher than the HBV viral loads of PBMCs (P < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between HBV DNA loads in serums and PBMCs of patients. Moreover, HBV DNA quantity of serums and PBMCs showed a significant association in terms of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status. Conclusions: HBV quantity in PBMCs correlated with serum HBV viral loads. HBV genomes in PBMCs may be a risk factor for HBV disease progression.
Changing Trends of Candida Species and Antifungal Susceptibility Profile of Candida Bloodstream Isolates: A 5-Year Retrospective Survey
Authors: Yardimci Ahmet Cem , Arman Dilek
Published: January 2022

Background: Candida species have emerged as one of the most common causes of bloodstream infections (BSIs). There are limited data on the distribution of Candida spp. and susceptibility by year. Objectives: In this study, we analyzed changes in the distribution of Candida spp. and their antifungal susceptibility profiles from blood cultures. Methods: Records from January 2016 to December 2020 were obtained from the microbiology laboratory in Istanbul. Antifungal susceptibility tests were performed using the VITEK 2 compact system and evaluated according to EUCAST breakpoints. A total of 241 unique candidemia episodes were included in this study. Results: Candida albicans was the predominant pathogen (n = 95, 39.42%), followed by C. parapsilosis (n = 82, 34.02%), C. glabrata (n = 18, 7.47%), C. tropicalis (n = 17, 7.05%), C. krusei (n = 15, 6.22%), and other Candida spp. (n = 14, 5.79%). There was no statistically significant difference in the percentage of episodes of Candida spp. After data analysis, a tendency to shift from C. albicans to C. parapsilosis was observed in the period analyzed in this study. Candida albicans was the most common species in intensive care units (ICUs), hematology and hemopoietic stem cell transplantation units, and surgical clinics, with C. parapsilosis predominant in medical clinics. In general, micafungin susceptibility was the highest, and fluconazole was the lowest. There was reduced sensitivity to fluconazole and voriconazole for C. albicans and C. parapsilosis over 5 years. Conclusions: Detecting changes in the distribution of Candida spp. and antifungal susceptibility over time will lead to the selection of appropriate empirical therapy and monitor phenomena of antifungal resistance. Empirical treatment with antifungal agents is associated with high costs, toxicities, and risk of antifungal resistance. Therefore, it is mandatory to determine and monitor Candida spp. and antifungal susceptibility testing to select appropriate antifungal agents.
Correlation Between Anger, Sleep Quality, and Indoor Activities During COVID-19 Quarantine
Authors: Mani Arash , Pasalar Mehdi , Kamali Mahsa , Molavi Vardanjani Hossein , Estedlal AliReza , Zarei Leila , Akbary Ali , Heydari Seyyed Taghi , Bagheri Lankarani Kamran
Published: January 2022

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a life-threatening disease that has spread globally and received international concern. Iran is one of the countries severely affected by this pandemic, implementing social lockdown and restrictive strategies. According to Persian medicine, restrictions like quarantine have psychological and social consequences. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep quality and anger behaviors in Iran and compare it with Persian medicine viewpoints. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 739 participants were interviewed in April 2020 in Shiraz, Iran. The questionnaire included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Multidimensional Anger Inventory (MAI), and items on demographics, temperament, and the quarantine situation social factors. All participants completed the questionnaires willingly and were ensured of data confidentiality. Results: We found that 58.3% of the participants had low sleep quality. Females showed higher scores on anger and its related aspects (P < 0.05). In addition, people with lower education and income levels revealed higher anger scores (P < 0.05). Moreover, the mean scores of anger and its related factors were higher in participants with low sleep quality, higher sleep latency, daytime dysfunction, and experience of using sleep medications (P < 0.05). Also, after adjustment for demographics and other social factors, the mean scores of anger and all of its aspects were higher in those with a sleep disorder, use of sleep medications, and daytime dysfunction (P < 0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, our findings illustrated that various factors, including low sleep quality, are associated with anger in individuals with the experience of home quarantine during the COVID-19 outbreak. The outcome is compatible with Persian medicine evidence.
Thinking on the Construction of A Comprehensive Simulation Experimental Platform for International Business Under the Background of New Liberal Art
Authors: Meng Qingtao
Published: January 2022

At present, domestic college experimental teaching plays an irreplaceable role in the cultivation of high-quality talents. Especially for the training of international business talents, due to the complexity of international trade business processes, the establishment of relevant international business simulation experiments can help students master the international trade business processes and be familiar with the practical operations of all aspects of international trade business. Therefore, international business experimental teaching has become the main means for colleges and universities to cultivate high-quality applied talents in the field of international business. The improvement and innovation of international business experiments are of great significance to improve the training level of international business talents in colleges and universities and to cultivate high-quality business talents adapted to the modern market competition environment. This project aims to use collaborative enterprise resources and technological advantages to promote the construction of international business experimental teaching platforms under the new liberal arts background, and improve the quality of application-oriented talents.
Course of Artificial Intelligence + Composition for Young Backbone Teachers
Authors: LIU Lian
Published: January 2022

Based on the analysis of the needs in the education field, the basic application framework scenarios of the current artificial intelligence technology in the field of music education are constructed. The characteristics of various models (typed music model, Markov chain model, genetic algorithm model, neural network model, etc.) are used to improve the rule knowledge to form a practical and effective hybrid model. The innovation lies in combining non-note units (reproducing structures) in music composition to intelligently compose tracks by combining formulas and matrix data combinations. The project conducts in-depth cooperation on the training of composition teachers and students from the fields of curriculum teaching, practical teaching, and innovation competition, and strives to combine theoretical teaching and engineering cases, practical teaching and industrial products, subject competition and intelligent technology. Combination to achieve collaborative education of industry-academia cooperation.
Research on training mode of innovative management professionals under school-enterprise cooperation system
Authors: GE Fan
Published: January 2022

"Integration of industry and education, integration of industry, education and research" is an important thought in talent training in colleges and universities. Through the combination of industry and education and school-enterprise joint training, students' comprehensive quality and employment competitiveness are improved through the practice of the actual professional working environment, and schools and enterprises are also "win-win". The research on the cultivation mode of innovative management talents based on "integration of industry and education, school-enterprise cooperation" will make innovative management talents not only limited to their professional direction, but also continuously expand their professional fields, in line with the development trend of society and school. Through the reform of the talent training program, the optimization of the professional and curriculum system, the adoption of diversified innovation and entrepreneurship education content, the promotion of practical teaching, the establishment of a practical innovation platform, the establishment of the production-teaching integration training mechanism based on the improvement of ability, for the cultivation of innovative management professionals to provide reference and reference.