bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of essential genes and immune cell infiltration in rheumatoid arthritis by bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Ao You , Wang Zhongbo , Hu Jinghua , Yao Mingguang , Zhang Wei
Published: September 2022

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease that can lead to severe joint damage and disability. And early diagnosis and treatment of RA can avert or substantially slow the progression of joint damage in up to 90% of patients, thereby preventing irreversible disability. Previous research indicated that 50% of the risk for the development of RA is attributable to genetic factors, but the pathogenesis is not well understood. Thus, it is urgent to identify biomarkers to arrest RA before joints are damaged irreversibly. Here, we first use the Robust Rank Aggregation method (RRA) to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between RA and normal samples by integrating four public RA patients’ mRNA expression data. Subsequently, these DEGs were used as the input for the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) approach to identify RA-related modules. The function enrichment analysis suggested that the RA-related modules were significantly enriched in immune-related actions. Then the hub genes were defined as the candidate genes. Our analysis showed that the expression levels of candidate genes were significantly associated with the RA immune microenvironment and can use as predictors for RA. We hope that our method can provide a more convenient approach for RA early diagnosis.
Purna River Pirated by a Lineament and Converted its old Path into Paleo-channel
Authors: Siyol Laxman , ROJH BHURA , Jakhar S.R.
Published: September 2022

A paleochannel of the Purna River basins in the basaltic terrain in the proximity of the village- Daher, and Uga, in Subir Taluka, in the Dang district of Gujarat was discovered by the first author. The discovery of paleochannel is based on a study of satellite imagery, the presence of perennial water springs, and the presence of dense trees with green leaves during summer close to the Purna River. With the help of satellite imagery and ground check, a lineament was discovered near the Purna River paleochannel, which was later renamed as village Girmal- Pipalpada lineament, after the village in which it was found. The total length of this lineament is approximately 22 km and the Purna River flows through this lineament for about 1.4 km, the Purna River is pirated by this lineament. Due to this piracy of the Purna River, its crescent-shaped old path with the passage of time was converted into a paleochannel. The paleo course of the river is clearly visible in the satellite imagery. This paleo river channel is a good site for sustainable groundwater sources. Presently two open wells are dug in this paleochannel supplying water to four villages. Surprisingly, there is very less depletion of pumping water level (PWL) in the well because of the continuous charging of open wells by this paleochannel.
Analysis of Customer behaviour in Online Retail Market
Authors: Mohandass Srinivasan , M Senthil
Published: September 2022

A shift towards digital world made the trading simpler and virtual. Times have changed where people purchase the commodities through online platform irrespective of its size or value. Online Retail Platform is becoming a generational acceptance because of its ingredients: Ample of choices, product exploration, Privacy and Time Saving. Owing to these benefits, people opt for the online shopping inevitably, avoiding the traditional method that demands physical effort, resource and valuable time. This research is to study and analyze on the customer behavior in Online Retail Market. The paper focuses on three unique elements that influences customer behavior towards online platform. The first element is ‘standard of service’ which in-turn contains four divisions like: Website Interface, Client relations, Safety with Secrecy, and Satisfaction. The second is Purchase feedback on the Vendor and the Product. The third element is Product Cost with availability that impacts customer’s behavior towards online shopping. This research was carried out by an ‘Opinion poll method’ conducted to 210 answerers among the graduates. The data gathered has been examined logically using multiple applications like Microsoft Excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The Study observes that two elements: Product Cost and Service standard have a crucial effect on the customer’s behavior while purchasing via Online Retail Market. It is inferred from our research that Flipkart is chosen to be the favorite gateway by the customers.
Photon extraction enhancement of praseodymium ions in gallium nitride nanopillars
Authors: Sato Shin-ichiro , Li Shuo , Greentree Andrew , Deki Manato , Nishimura Tomoaki , Watanabe Hirotaka , Nitta Shugo , Honda Yoshio , Amano Hiroshi , Gibson Brant , Ohshima Takeshi
Published: September 2022

Lanthanoid-doped Gallium Nitride (GaN) integrated into nanophotonic technologies is a promising candidate for room-temperature quantum photon sources for quantum technology applications. We manufactured praseodymium (Pr)-doped GaN nanopillars of varying size, and showed significantly enhanced room-temperature photon extraction efficiency compared to unstructured Pr-doped GaN. Implanted Pr ions in GaN show two main emission peaks at 650.3 nm and 651.8 nm which are attributed to 3P0-3F2 transition in the 4f-shell. The maximum observed enhancement ratio was 23.5 for 200 nm diameter circular pillars, which can be divided into the emitted photon extraction enhancement by a factor of 4.5 and the photon collection enhancement by a factor of 5.2. The enhancement mechanism is explained by the eigenmode resonance inside the nanopillar. Our study provides a pathway for Lanthanoid-doped GaN nano/micro-scale photon emitters and quantum technology applications.
A Semi-automatic 3D mesh segmentation based on Cross-Boundary strokes
Authors: Lian Jiguang , Li Haisheng , Wu Xiaoqun , Wang Xiaochuan , Li Nan
Published: September 2022

We propose a semi-automatic 3D mesh model segmentation algorithm based on harmonic field. Firstly, our algorithm ultilizes the strokes of users as constraints on the harmonic field of the mesh surface. Secondly, A Laplace operator and Poisson equation based smooth harmonic field is introduced, and the generated harmonic field is made to further fit the geometric features of the mesh itself by choosing the correct weight values. A set of isolines are sought on the mesh surface harmonic field with the previous-mentioned constraints. The most appropriate isoline is selected from them as the segmentation path. Finally, after selecting the optimal segmentation isolines, a mesh density enhancement method, which optimizes sub-graphs after this segmentation by mesh density enhancement, is introduced. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed segmentation method. Moreover, the semi-automatic mesh segmentation method can better understand the intention of users, and achieve a better segmentation effect.
Enzyme profiling of microbes for biodegradation of polythene (LDPE) isolated from Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Shahi Mamta Patra , Shahi Sushil Kumar
Published: September 2022

Polythene waste management is a major environmental problem, and increasing a negative impact on human civilization due to dumping here and there. Since, a long time, scientists are trying to control the polythene pollution. There are many reports on microbes as polythene degrader but till no field application of these microbes is known. Thus, we need to investigate more potent polythene degrading microbes. Peroxidases (laccase, lignin peroxidase and MnP) are relatively nonspecific and have unique ability to degrade abroad array of environmental pollutants (Kuwahara et al., 1984, Ali et al., 2012). In this context, Laccase, lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase enzyme producing microbes were screened for their biodegrading ability against LDPE (polythene). In the present study 20 fungal isolates were tested against LDPE film , and found that only eight fungal isolates viz., RNB7, RSR4, RRB2, TWB1, RBM1, RCM1, JCP6 , KOC3, DRR2 as considerable LDPE degrader in weight reduction test (more than 1-2%). RCM1 isolate shows highest percentage of LDPE weight reduction (13.1%) was further study for bio film formation, pH change and FTIR analysis. No pre-treatment was done of polythene films except the alcohol treatment for sterilization purpose. As, photo-oxidation, UV rays and temperature are believed to be main physical parameter for accelerate deterioration of polythene in natural condition and if these parameters are artificially imposed on polythene it may increase the rate of degradation then there is a hope for lab to land experiments.
Microbiological quality of slaughterhouses and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of some isolates
Authors: Nepal Roshan , Dhakal Prakash , Karki Sumeena , Sharma Sapana
Published: September 2022

The presence of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms in meat and its product remains a significant concern for suppliers, consumers and public health officials worldwide. Frequent contamination of antibiotic resistant microorganism in meat and meat products poses an important public health issue. In view of this situation, the present study was conducted from August 31st to September 20th , 2010 to study the microbial quality of slaughterhouses and to determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistant member of Enterobacteriaceae. For this water and swab samples were taken from 30 slaughterhouses of Khusibun, Kathmandu. Water samples were processed to determine MPN of coliforms and swab samples were analyzed for the presence of members Enterobacteriaceae and Salmonella species. The research showed that the water used in cleaning of slaughter houses was heavily contaminated with coliforms among which two were Enterobacter spp., eleven were Citrobacter spp. and five were E. coli. From the swab taken from the different areas of the slaughterhouses different members of Enterobacteriaceae were isolated among which two were Salmonella typhi and three were E. coli.
From the study it was found the all Salmonella typhi were sensitive to Choramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin and Nalidixic acid and resistant towards Amoxycillin. In case of E. coli isolates, 87.5% was sensitive towards Chloramphenicol and 12.5% was resistant towards it. In the case of Ciprofloxacin 62.5% was sensitive and 37.5% was resistant. In case of Ofloxacin 87.5% was sensitive and 12.5% was resistant. In case of Nalidixic acid 75% was sensitive and 25% was resistant and for Amoxycillin 62.5% was sensitive and 37.5% was resistant.
The increase of serum miR-124 contributes to intestinal barrier injury in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Liu Haiyan , Liu Tingting , Zhu Xiaosong , Sun Zhiqing , Peng Shanxin
Published: September 2022

Intestinal barrier dysfunction is common in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and plays a vital role in prognosis of AIS. Aberrant expression of miRNAs was a critical element not only in the pathogenesis of AIS, but also in intestinal barrier function. The present study aims to reveal the connection between the altered miR-124 and intestinal barrier dysfunction in AIS, and further elucidate the detailed molecular mechanism. In the present study, the serum miR-124 and the serum markers of intestinal barrier injury, d-Lactate and double amine oxidase (DAO), were detected to conduct correlation analysis in clinically. Then, medial cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mice were constructed to verify the correlation. The results showed that the elevated miR-124 in serum had a positive correlation with the exacerbated intestine barrier injury not only in clinical, but also in MCAO mice. Moreover, antagomir-124, miR-124 inhibitor, was used in MCAO mice and could relieve the intestinal barrier injury induced by AIS. Finally, miRanda software analysis, luciferase reporter assay, real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, TUNEL assay, and western blotting were used to elucidate its mechanism. The findings revealed that miR-124 could reduce the expression of Claudin8 (CLDN8) and Occludin (OCLN) via directly targeting their 3’UTR, and antagomir-124 reversed the reduction of CLDN8 and OCLN in MCAO mice. In conclusion, the increased miR-124 in AIS could contribute to intestinal barrier injury via down-regulating the expression of CLDN8 and OCLN. Moreover, the blockade of miR-124 could alleviate intestinal barrier injury in AIS. MiR-124 may be a promising therapeutic target for prevention of post-stroke infection.
(2E)-1-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)-3-(3-nitrophenyl)-2-propen-1-one Promotes Apoptosis By Regulating ERK/MAPK Pathway In Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Authors: meigui zhang , Li Jing , Xi Jiahui , Xi Lili , Ma Ruixia , Zhou Ruili , Zhang Baoxin , Li Yonghong , Bai Zhongtian
Published: September 2022

(2E)-1-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)-3-(3-nitrophenyl)-2-propen-1-one (TMONC), a chalcone derivative, exhibits pro-apoptotic potential in tumor cells. However, its antitumor activity has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we report that TMONC significantly inhibited proliferation, and accelerated apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Interrupted apoptotic signals indicated that TMONC activated the mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway. In addition, TMONC induced the G2/M arrest. RNA sequencing analysis suggested the ERK/MAPK signaling was the most significantly enriched pathway. Furthermore, reverse docking analysis revealed that ERK1 and PARP-1 had the two highest score across all docked targets. TMONC significantly inhibited the expression of RAS, ERK, p-ERK, c-Myc and c-Fos in HCC cells. Therefore, TMONC is a multi-target compound, which shows anti-cancer activity by suppressing the ERK/MAPK pathway. This may provide a potential therapeutic strategy by inducing apoptosis to treat HCC.
Bacterial respiratory infections in patients with COVID-19: a retrospective study from a tertiary care center in Lebanon
Authors: Shmoury Abdel Hadi , Sawma Tedy , Haddad Sara F. , Zahreddine Nada , Tannous Joseph , Zakhour Johnny , Fakhreddine Hisham Bou , Rizk Nesrine , Kanj Souha S.
Published: September 2022

Background:
Despite multiple reports of increased incidence of bacterial respiratory tract infections following COVID-19 globally, the microbiology is not fully elucidated. In this study, we describe the incidence and microbiology of bacterial infections and the burden of multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs) in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), non-ventilated hospital acquired pneumonia (NVHAP) or ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). To our knowledge, this is the first study that compares the microbiology of VAP and NVHAP in COVID-19 patients.
Methods:
This is a longitudinal retrospective cohort study conducted at the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC), a tertiary-care center in Lebanon. Adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were hospitalized between March 2020 and September 2021 were included. Only pathogens isolated within 42 days of positive SARS-CoV-2 tests were included. Bacterial isolates identified in hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) were divided into 3 groups based on the time of acquiring pneumonia after admission: hospital day 3-14, 15-28 and 29-42.
Results:
Out of 1674 patients admitted with COVID-19, 159 (9.5%) developed one or more respiratory infections. Overall, Gram-negative bacteria were predominant (83.5%) and S. maltophilia was the most common pathogen (14.3%). S. aureus and Haemophilus spp. were implicated in most CAPs, while K. pneumonia, S. maltophilia and E. coli were the top culprits in HAP during hospital days 3-14, 15-28 and 29-42 respectively. Among 231 isolates obtained, 59 (25.5%) were MDROs, seen in higher proportion in HAP, especially among patients with prolonged hospital stay (> 4 weeks). Non-fermenter Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) (OR = 3.521, p-value = 0.000), particularly S. maltophilia (OR = 3.236, p-value = 0.022), were significantly more implicated in VAP compared to NVHAP.
Conclusions:
COVID-19 patients hospitalized at AUBMC are at a slightly lower risk for bacterial respiratory infections compared to other studies. The pathogens varied according to the time since hospitalization. The burden of NFGNB and S. maltophilia is particularly high in COVID-19 VAP, indicating the need for further studies targeting these pathogens. A high rate of bacterial resistance was found which has important implications in guiding therapeutic decisions in COVID-19 patients who acquire bacterial infections.
Correlation Between Rate of Leaf Initiation and Apex Diameter of Lilium longiflorum Cultivar ‘Ace’
Authors: Kohl Harry C.
Published: September 2022

It is common knowledge that for a given cultivar of Easter lily, small bulbs grown at the same location as large bulbs produce fewer flowers when forced into bloom. In a recent test at U. C. Davis, as an example, 30 gram bulbs produced 4.5 flowers per plant, while 80 gram bulbs of the same variety grown and forced exactly the same produced 8.9 flowers per plant. Bulbs of intermediate weight produced an intermediate weight produced an intermediate number of flowers. Somewhat less well known is that the number of leaves produced by the single apex of the lily plant per unit time is likewise directly proportional to bulb size. In the experimental Work reported in this paper, for instance, he increase in leaf count in 100 days was found to be directly and linearly proportional to the bulb size (Figure 1).
Propagation of Begonias from Leaf Disks
Authors: Lagerstedt Harry B.
Published: September 2022

Many different kinds of plants have the capacity to regenerate roots from the main veins of petioles or leaves, but relatively few can also differentiate a new growing point. Rhizomatous begonias are usually propagated from leaf cuttings because they give rise to both adventitious roots and shoots readilv. New plants arise from the leaf petiole or from cuts across main leaf veins which are kept in contact with a moist medium. A single begonia leaf usuallv yields at least one new plant from the petiole and three or four from the leaf veins.
Interaction of Nitrogen Fertility and Plant Populations on Transplanted Broccoli and Cauliflower Yields
Authors: Dufault Robert J. , Waters Luther
Published: September 2022

As broccoli populations increased from 24,000 to 72,000 plants/ha at N rates of 112, 168, or 224 kg/ha, head weight decreased linearly. Increasing the N rate from 56 to 224 kg/ha at any population linearly increased broccoli head weight and marketable yields, and decreased cull yields. Broccoli yields were highest at 72,000 plants/ha and 224 kg N/ha. No marketable cauliflower curds were produced at 56 kg N/ha at any population evaluated. As populations increased from 24,000 to 72,000 plants/ha with N rates held constant at either 112 or 224 kg/ha, marketable curd weight decreased linearly and cull production increased linearly. Increasing the N rate from 112 to 224 kg/ha did not increase marketable curd weight or yields at any population. Increasing the N rate to 112 kg/ha or higher reduced cull production at 24,000 plants/ha, but not at populations of 36,000 or higher. Cauliflower yields were optimized at 24,000 plants/ha and 112 kg N/ha based on reduced cull production, satisfactory curd weights, and transplant economy.
Influence of Root-knot Nematode on Onion
Authors: Corgan J. N. , Lindsey D. L. , Delgado R.
Published: September 2022

The effects of the root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White)] Chitwood ‘Race 3’, on ‘Utah Yellow Sweet Spanish’ onion were investigated in microplots containing a sandy loam. Inoculum levels of M. incognita ranged from 0 to 20,900 eggs and juveniles/500 cm3 soil. Onion growth and yield were suppressed severely in all nematode infested plots. Bulb weight/plant in the nematode infested plots was 24% of that in the root-knot nematode free plots. Symptoms of plants infected with M. incognita included numerous small galls on the roots, retarded growth, light foliage color, and leaf tip burn. The data indicated that M. incognita densities greater than 250 eggs and juveniles/500 cm3 soil can cause significant yield loss in onions in sandy loam.
Copper Deficiency of Manzanita Grown in a Bark-sand Mixture
Authors: Vlamis J. , Raabe Robert D.
Published: September 2022

The new growth of manzanita (Arctostaphylos densiflora M.S. Baker and other Arctostaphylos spp.) grown in a nursery in a mix of 2 fir bark : 1 sand (v/v) in plastic containers remained very small and showed some necrosis. Tissue analysis indicated a possible copper deficiency. The addition of 8 mg of copper as copper sulfate per 15 cm pot produced normal growth. The application of boron or calcium was not effective in controlling the problem.
Stair-step Container for Improved Root Growth
Authors: Whitcomb Carl E. , Williams Jerry D.
Published: September 2022

A container was designed with 4 internal stair-step sections that prevent roots from growing in circles, and stimulates root branching. The additional root branching increased root growth away from the container following transplanting of Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana Mill.), and improved the number of branches per plant on Gardenia jasminoides Ellis., Pyracantha x ‘Mojave’, Photinia x ‘Fraseri’ and Lagerstroemia indica L.
A Citrus Embryo Assay to Screen Water-soluble Resins as Synthetic Seed Coats
Authors: Kitto S. L. , Janick Jules
Published: September 2022

An assay using in vivo-produced embryos, with and without tegmen, of monoembryonic ‘Temple’ tangor [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck x C. reticulata Blanco) and polyembryonic ‘Troyer’ citrange (C. sinensis x Poncirus trifoliata Raf.) was developed to screen compounds as synthetic seed coats for in vitro-produced, asexual embryos. Of 8 compounds evaluated, Polyox WSR-N 750 proved to be the most suitable as a synthetic seed coat based on its film-forming ability, its ability to redissolve in water, and its nondeleterious effects on citrus embryos.
Lawns Enhance the Environment
Authors: Roberts Eliot C.
Published: September 2022

Our urban surroundings have become increasingly artificial because of concrete and asphalt in the construction of buildings and transportation systems, so we have begun to plan for the humanizing of these locations through a more creative use of plants. Some environmentalists see the proximity of plants to people as a psychological imperative. As early as 1968, a USD A Task Force published a “National Program of Research for Plants to Enhance Man's Environment”. The critical importance of nonfood and fiber agriculture in the United States has become well documented.
Cold Stress Influence on Premature Flowering of Broccoli
Authors: Miller C. H. , Konsler T. R. , Lamont W. J.
Published: September 2022

Broccoli plants (Brassica oleraceae L. var. italica Plenk) were grown in an air-conditioned, 22°/18°C day/night temperature, greenhouse in the Southeastern Plant Environmental Laboratories in Raleigh, N.C. Seedlings 6 to 33 days from seeding were exposed to cold treatments of −3° to −5° or +1° to +2° for periods of 7 to 34 days, then returned to higher temperatures. Days from seeding to flowering were determined. Plants 13 or more days from seeding and exposed to 14 or more days of cold treatment were induced to flower earlier than untreated plants. The critical stem size for cold inductions was 5 to 8 mm diameter. Susceptible plants weighed 4 to 50 g at the beginning of the cold treatment phase. Plants outside that range were nonsusceptible.
Characterization of Lodging Differences in Paprika Pepper
Authors: Kahn Brian A.
Published: September 2022

Three lodging-resistant (LR) and 3 lodging-susceptible (LS) paprika pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) lines were grown from transplants at Bixby, Okla., in 1983. Stem diameter at ground level and number of lodged plants were determined monthly from July through November. Stem diameter increased gradually through 14 Oct. and then leveled off. Number of lodged plants increased sharply between 14 July and 15 Aug., and increased slowly thereafter. On all but the 1st date (14 July), stem diameter was negatively correlated with number of lodged plants. On each date, LR lines averaged larger in stem diameter and lower in number of lodged plants than LS lines. Sample plants were harvested on 28 Oct. On the average, LR plants had larger stem diameters at soil level, greater root weights, and lower shoot:root ratios than LS plants but did not differ from LS plants in shoot weight, number of marketable red pods, and cellulose and lignin content in the lowermost 8 cm of central axis stem tissue. Results should aid in breeding for lodging resistance in paprika pepper.
Effects of Postharvest Treatments on Ripening and Quality of ‘Babygold 7’ Peaches
Authors: Dekazos Elias D.
Published: September 2022

Postharvest ripening treatments (ethephon, fungicides, and/or storage conditions) of green, ‘Babygold 7’ peaches [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] accelerated ripening and color development, and produced fruit of high quality as measured by various quality parameters. Peaches thus treated contained a higher level of carotenoids than tree-ripened fruit, and were practically decay free. Lycopene accumulation was stimulated in tissue treated with CPTA. Peaches held at 41°C and 90% ± 1% RH for 24 hr before dipping in 250 ethephon for 1 min, and ripening at 27° and 90% ± 1% RH, produced one of the most efficient methods of fruit ripening. Chemical names used: (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon); 2-(4-chlorophenylthio)-triethylamine hydrochloride (CPTA).
Somatic Embryogenesis and Plantlet Formation from Christmas Palm Callus
Authors: Srinivasan C. , Litz R. E. , Barker J. , Norstog Knut
Published: September 2022

Excised zygotic embryos of Christmas palm [Veitchia merrilli (Bacc.) H.E. Moore] developed large haustoria and germinated normally in vitro on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium plus 0.25% activated charcoal, 5-50 µm 2,4-D and 5 µm BA. Embryogenic callus was induced from mature zygotic embryos when they were cultured on charcoal-free MS medium supplemented with 170 mg/liter KH2PO4, 200-400 mg/liter glutamine, and 5-25 µm 2,4-D. Somatic embryos developed and matured in a hormone-free, glutamine-containing medium. Plantlets developed from somatic embryos on MS basal medium or MS plus 5 µm NAA, 5 µm 2iP, and 2.5 µm GA3. Embryogenic calli have been maintained on MS medium for more than 6 months. Chemical names used: (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D); N-(phenylmethyl)-1Hpurin-6-amine (BA); 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); N-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (2iP).
‘FlordaGrande’: A Peach for Subtropical Climates
Authors: Rouse R. E. , Sherman W. B. , Sharpe R. H.
Published: September 2022

‘FlordaGrande’ peach is released jointly by the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station of the Texas A&M Univ. System and the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station of the Univ. of Florida.
Wisconsin 2843, a Multiple Disease Resistant Cucumber Population
Authors: Peterson C. E. , Staub J. E. , Palmer Mary , Crubaugh Linda
Published: September 2022

Wisconsin 2843 (WI 2843), a cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) germplasm release from the USDA and the Univ. of Wisconsin was announced to United States cucumber breeders in March of 1983. It was developed to provide a source population having multiple disease resistance, variable fruit characteristics, and processing qualities from which superior inbred parents might be extracted.
Effect of Various Soilless Root Media and Insecticides on Fungus Gnats
Authors: Lindquist Richard K. , Faber William R. , Casey Mildred L.
Published: September 2022

Fungus gnat (Bradysia coprophila Lintner) adult emergence was sampled from 20 soilless root media and media combinations. More adults emerged from Paygro 5-2-2, a composted hardwood bark amended medium than from other media. Fewest adults emerged from Ball Growing Mix I, a composted pine bark amended medium. Pesticides evaluated in one or more experiments were aldicarb 10 G, bendiocarb 5 G, Oxamyl 10 G, diazinon 4 EC, methoprene 5 EC, and bendiocarb 76 WP. Where pesticide effects could be determined, all materials reduced number of emerging adults compared with untreated media, but oxamyl 10 G and aldicarb 10 gave the best control. There was evidence in one experiment that diazinon, methoprene, and bendiocarb 5 G gave less control in Paygro 5-2-2 than in other media.
A Thornless Trifoliate Orange from Self-pollination
Authors: Kawase Kenji , Hirai Masashi
Published: September 2022

A thornless variant of the trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] was found as a chance seedling. All other characters were indistinguishable from those of normal trifoliate. Genotypes of the variant at loci controlling GOT isozymes were PP,SS, whereas those of the normal trifoliate orange have been reported to be MP,SM. The variant is concluded to arise from spontaneous inbreeding of normal thorny trifoliate orange. The variant showed poor growth.
Effects of Initial Set and Carbaryl Treatment on Final Fruit Set on ‘Greensleeves’ Apple
Authors: Looney Norman E. , Knight John N.
Published: September 2022

Fruit set on mature spurs and on 1-year-old wood (lateral bloom) was followed as a step in the development of a chemical thinning protocol for ‘Greensleeves’ apple trees. Initial set (fruit firmly attached 15 days after full bloom) was a reasonable predictor of final set on spurs but not on lateral clusters. High initial set values on lateral clusters reduced final set. Likewise, initial and final set values on either spur or lateral clusters were inversely related following a 1000 ppm carbaryl treatment, although lateral clusters were more readily thinned than spur clusters by carbaryl. Without the carbaryl treatment, final set per cluster was comparable on spur and lateral clusters, and final set on lateral clusters was improved by defruiting alternate clusters on these 1-year-old branch sections 15 days after full bloom.
Influence of Temperature on in Vitro Root Initiation and Development of Apple Rootstock M26
Authors: Lê CL
Published: September 2022

There have been numerous reports on the use of aseptic methods for in vitro rooting of the apple seedlings (8), scion cultivars (7, 9, 13, 14), and rootstocks (1, 6, 9, 12, 15, 16). From these studies, researchers have pointed out that in vitro apple rooting is affected by different factors (2, 3, 5, 9, 13, 14). The effect of temperature on in vitro rooting in apple also has been investigated, but results have been contradictory (3, 8). The lack of information on the effect of temperature on in vitro rooting of apple in adult and juvenile growth phases prompted this investigation. This paper reports the quantitative response of apple rootstock M26 in adult and juvenile growth phases to different temperatures applied during the root initiation phase.
‘Rodade’ Bacterial Wilt Resistant Tomato
Authors: Bosch S. E. , Louw A. J. , Aucamp Edna
Published: September 2022

In South Africa, bacterial wilt [Pseudomonas solanacearum (Smith) Smith] poses a serious threat to tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) production in the warm areas such as the Lowveld of Transvaal and Natal (1). ‘Rodade’ is a new fresh market tomato with resistance to Race 1 of bacterial wilt. It was released by the Horticultural Research Institute near Pretoria in May of 1982.
Effect of Sudan Grass on Yield and Elemental Content of Cabbage
Authors: Knavel Dean E. , Herron J. W.
Published: September 2022

Killing Sudan grass (Sorghum vulgare var. sudanense) at a 30-cm height with glyphosate and leaving the residue on the soil surface reduced the number of marketable heads, head weight, and total yield of fall transplanted ‘Market Prize’ cabbage (Brassica oleracea L., Capitata Group). The total plant weight and weight of heads where the cover crop was killed at a 15-cm height were equal to those of conventional culture. Killing the grass at different heights also affected the concentration and distribution of N, K, and Ca in leaf petioles, leaf laminae, and the core of the matured plant. There were positive correlations of head weight with N in the petioles of wrapper leaves, laminae of inner leaves, and core and with Ca in the laminae of the oldest leaves, wrapper leaves, inner head leaves, and core. Sidedressing with N increased head weight, marketable yield, and N concentration in all plant parts analyzed. The response to Ca(N03)2 was similar to that of NH4NO3. Chemical names used: N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine (glyphosate).
Effects of Supplementary Lighting on Rooting of Rhododendrons
Authors: French C. J.
Published: September 2022

Supplementary night lighting (2000 HR to 0400 HR) from low-irradiance incandescent lamps (INC) stimulated rooting in Rhododendron ‘Unique’ and increased root-ball diameter of ‘Unique’ and ‘Anna Rose Whitney’ in both spring (Feb.–June) and fall (Sept.–Jan.) propagation. Increasing irradiance during the day with supplementary high-pressure sodium lamps (HPS) during fall propagation inhibited initial root development of ‘Unique’ but stimulated subsequent root growth of both ‘Unique’ and ‘Anna Rose Whitney’. In spring, HPS stimulated root growth in ‘Unique’ but had little effect on ‘Anna Rose Whitney’. Increased irradiance from HPS does not appear necessary for rooting rhododendrons under greenhouse conditions and may be detrimental in the early stages of propagation, especially when natural radiation levels are high.
The Split Block: A Useful Design for Extension and Research in Lowbush Blueberries
Authors: Hepler P. R. , Ismail A. A.
Published: September 2022

A 2-factor split-block experiment was initiated to test the effect of terbacil and nitrogen on yield of 6 commercial lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) fields in Maine. Locations served as blocks in the design. Large differences in yield were obtained among locations. An increase in yield was obtained by increasing the rate of terbacil. No significant trends due to N or the terbacil by N interactions were detected. The split-block was highly effective for grower education concurrent to obtaining replicated inform ation for generalized state-w ide recom m endations. Chemical name used: 5-chloro-3-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-6-methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione (terbacil).
Effect of Soil Profile Modification and Irrigation on Senescence and Bud Hardiness of Young Grapes
Authors: Andersen P. C. , Odnea M. B.
Published: September 2022

Some aspects of senescence and bud hardiness of young ‘Vidal blanc’ and ‘Chancellor’ French-American grapevines in the following treatments were evaluated: soil profile modification plus irrigation (MI), no soil profile modification plus irrigation (Cl), soil profile modification without irrigation (MN), and no soil profile modification without irrigation (CN). After a prolonged summer drought, abundant fall precipitation increased 25 Oct. chlorophyll and leaf N levels for nonirrigated vines. In contrast, leaf P and K were higher for irrigated treatments. Bud hardiness of ‘Chancellor’ was greater than ‘Vidal blanc’ for all except the Cl treatment. Maximum primary bud hardiness was achieved in the Cl and MN treatment for ‘Vidal blanc’ and ‘Chancellor’, respectively. Cambium damage and/or plant death occurred for only ‘Vidal blanc’ in the CN treatment.
Effectiveness of Multiple Applications of Nitrapyrin in Increasing Nitrogen Utilization in an Organic Medium
Authors: Mills Harry A. , Pokorny F. A.
Published: September 2022

Multiple applications of nitrapyrin (5 ppm/pot/week) increased NO3-N retention significantly over the control, and medium NO3-N was consistantly higher with multiple applications than with a single preplant application of nitrapyrin (50 ppm) when NO3-N was the fertilizer source. Multiple applications of nitrapyrin were less effective in increasing plant growth than a single application with an NH4-N fertilizer source.
Earthworm Casting in Plant Propagation
Authors: Grappelli A. , Tomati U. , Galli E. , Vergari B.
Published: September 2022

Rooting experiments on layers of Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem., Dieffenbachia amoena Bull., Cordyline terminalis (L.) Kunth, Dracaena deremensis Engl., and on shoots of Ficus elastica, Begonia masoniana Irmsch, Aglaonema costatum N.E. Br., Saintpaulia ionatha H. Wendl. were performed to ascertain the possibility of employing earthworm casting in plant propagation. Rooting of layers was favored when casting alone was supplied whereas, rooting of shoots generally was enhanced when casting mixtures were used.
Response of ‘Multipik’ Squash to Mosaic Virus Infection
Authors: Adlerz W. C. , Elmstrom G. W. , Purcifull D. E.
Published: September 2022

In a replicated field test in 1982 where natural virus incidence was 25% watermelon mosaic virus 1 (WMV-1) and 75% WMV-2, we observed mosaic symptoms at harvest in leaves and fruit of the yellow-fruited Cucurbita pepo L. ‘Butterbar’, ‘Early Prolific Straightneck’, and ‘Multipik’. The range in percentage of diseased plants among the cultivars was small (26–33%), but total diseased fruit exceeded 40% in ‘Butterbar’ and ‘Early Prolific Straightneck’ and was less than 10% in ‘Multipik’. In a replicated field test in 1983, ‘Early Prolific Straightneck’ and ‘Multipik’ squash plants mechanically inoculated at early flowering with WMV-1, WMV-2, and zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) became 97–100% foliar diseased. Production of diseased fruit was significantly greater in virus inoculated ‘Early Prolific Straightneck’ plants (all 3 viruses) than in uninoculated plants, and significantly greater in ‘Multipik’ plants inoculated with ZYMV or WMV-1 than in those inoculated with WMV-2 or not inoculated. In both tests, there were significant delays in the development of fruit symptoms in virus infected ‘Multipik’ when virus infection was mainly WMV-2. The evidence suggests fruit symptoms were caused by viruses other than WMV-2, and that WMV-2 does not induce symptoms in fruit of ‘Multipik’.
Importance of Heat Requirement for Bud Break and Time of Flowering in Apple
Authors: Gianfagna T. J. , Mehlenbacher S. A.
Published: September 2022

Six genotypes of apple with a range in bloom date of 18 days were used to determine the contribution of the postdormant heat requirement to time of flowering. Spurs containing flower buds were collected after the chilling requirement had been satisfied but before detectable bud growth had begun, and forced at 10°, 15°, or 20°C. Bud development occurred on all samples at 20°, although at different rates which were correlated directly with field bloom date. At 10°, the genotypes fell into 2 groups. The first, consisting of the 3 earliest flowering selections, developed more slowly at 10° than at 20°. The 2nd, consisting of the 3 latest flowering selections, did not grow at all at 10°. The data suggest that late flowering in apple results from high heat and high minimum temperature requirements for bud growth, not from high chilling requirement.
Effect of Cytokinin, IBA, and Rooting Regime on Chinese Chestnut Cultured in Vitro
Authors: Qi-guang Yang , Read Paul E. , Fellman Cynthia D. , Hosier Mary A.
Published: September 2022

Multiple shoots of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume), produced in vitro from axillary buds of juvenile shoots, were successfully rooted and transplanted to the greenhouse. Benzyladenine (BA) at 0.44 μM promoted the proliferation of axillary shoots, but 4.44 μM and 44.4 μM of BA inhibited buds from sprouting and promoted callus growth. Zeatin at 4.56 μM, induced longer and more vigorous shoots than BA, but did not promote the multiplication of axillary shoots. Rooting was achieved by a 1 sec basal dip of excised microshoots in 9.8 mM or 14.8 mM indolebutyric acid (IBA) solution. The treated shoots were transferred to a plant growth regulator-free medium in flasks or to plastic flats containing sand under high humidity. Roots developed within 30 days in both rooting regimes.
Wide Hybridization in Vaccinium
Authors: Lyrene Paul M. , Ballington James R.
Published: September 2022

Large scale commercial cultivation of blueberries and the breeding of improved cultivars both began after 1900 (33). Interspecific hybridization has been important in the development of commercial cultivars, and many combinations of species have been crossed in the course of taxonomic studies and in cultivar breeding. Nonetheless, the experimental study of blueberry interspecific hybridization is still in its infancy.
Economic Benefit of GA3 Application on Young Tart Cherry Trees
Authors: Stang E. J. , Weidman R. W.
Published: September 2022

Application of 50 ppm gibberellin (GA3) at full bloom + 2 weeks in 197981 on ‘Montmorency’ cherry trees planted in 1978 reduced flowering the year after application. Treated trees grew larger, presumably due to reduced early fruiting. Projected cumulative grower return during the period 5 years after planting was increased because of GA3 application the first 3 years.
Allelopathic Effects of Soil Incorporated Asparagus Roots on Lettuce, Tomato, and Asparagus Seedling Emergence
Authors: Shafer Warren E. , Garrison Stephen A.
Published: September 2022

Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) root tissue added to soil at 2, 4, or 6g (dry weight basis) per 100 g of dry soil generally inhibited lettuce and delayed tomato and asparagus seedling emergence when incorporated in soil for 0 or 28 days before seeding. The toxicity of the 2 and 4 g rates of asparagus root tissue was diminished after 50 days, but the 6 g rate inhibited and/or delayed emergence 50 and 90 days after incorporation in soil. These results suggest that asparagus root tissues contain a hetero- and auto-toxic allelopathic compound(s) that is inactivated with increasing time in the soil.
Length, Nodes Underground, and Orientation of Transplants in Relation to Yields of Sweet Potato
Authors: Hall Melvin R.
Published: September 2022

Total marketable root yield was greater with 40- to 45-cm rather than 20- to 25-cm lengths of ‘Red Jewel’ sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] transplants. U.S. #1 root yield from 20- to 25-cm ‘Red Jewel’ transplants was increased when they were oriented vertically, but there was no difference in the percentage of U.S. #1 root yield under these conditions. Orientation did not influence significantly U.S. #1 root yield from 40- to 45-cm ‘Red Jewel’ transplants, but the percentage of U.S. #1 roots increased due to horizontal orientation. When ‘Red Jewel’ transplants were oriented vertically, their length did not affect U.S. #1 root yields. With horizontal orientation, U.S. #1 root yield of 40- to 45-cm ‘Red Jewel’ transplants increased. Yield of U.S. #1 roots of ‘Georgia Jet’ was not affected by transplant length or orientation but was reduced when 5 or 6 nodes were planted underground.
A Nondestructive Method for Measuring Root System Surface Area
Authors: Wulster George J.
Published: September 2022

In the article “A Nondestructive Method for Measuring Root System Surface Area” by George J. Wulster (HortScience 20:1058–1060, Dec. 1985), the author requests that the following correction be noted: The 3rd line under Gel Construction on p. 1058 should be changed from “… HHR (0.65gm/l) was added slowly to 2 liters … ” to “… HHR (0.65 gm/100 ml) was added slowly to 2 liters …”.
Interaction between an Indigenous Endomycorrhizal Fungus and Mineral Nutrition of Rosa multiflora Understock
Authors: Paterson D. R. , Taber Ruth A. , Pemberton H. B. , Earhart D. R.
Published: September 2022

Disbudded ‘Brooks 56’ Rosa multiflora Thunb. plants were grown in 0.01 or 0.1 Steiner solutions and inoculated with indigenous vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (VAMF) species, Glomus fasciculatum (Thax. sensu Gerd.) Gerd. and Trappe. Inoculation resulted in a significant increase in both fresh and dry weight of the R. multiflora plants. Increasing the Steiner solution from 0.01 to 0.1 resulted not only in a significant decrease in the rate of VAMF infection, but also in a significant increase in the fresh and dry weight of the multiflora understock.
Downy and Powdery Mildew Resistant Muskmelon Breeding Line MR-1
Authors: Thomas Claude E.
Published: September 2022

MR-1 is a monoecious muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) breeding line that was developed the by USD A to provide breeders and seedsmen with a source of high levels of resistance to both downy mildew, incited by Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk, and Curt.) Rostow., and powdery mildew, incited by Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlecht. ex Fr.) Poll. It is resistant to 2 undesignated races of downy mildew and to races 1,2, and 3 of powdery mildew.
U.C. PMR 45 Fusarium Wilt-resistant Muskmelon Breeding Line
Authors: Zink F. W. , Gubler W. D.
Published: September 2022

U.C. PMR 45 fusarium wilt-resistant (Foml) is an andromonoecious, salmon-orange flesh, western shipping-type muskmelon, Cucumis melo L. It has value as a germplasm source for selection as well as for the development of commercial hybrids.
The Horticulturist's Role in International Agricultural Development Strategies: Introduction
Authors: Quebedeaux Bruno
Published: September 2022

Horticulturists and ASHS Members from both developed and developing countries have had and will continue to have a significant influence on international agricultural development. Horticultural crop production is an extremely important aspect of the total agricultural and rural development in most countries. Horticultural crops, in spite of their importance, have been neglected in many developing countries in favor of agronomic grain crops, livestock, and industrialization. The neglect of fruit, vegetable, and ornamental development is serious in Africa and exists in many Asian and Latin American countries. Several African countries are experiencing a series of droughts that have caused mass starvation and human misery. Horticulturists are concerned with the quality of life and are involved with other scientists and colleagues in implementing freedom-from-hunger strategies in developing countries.
Quality and Yield of Cucumber Hybrids using Gynoecious and Bisexual Parents
Authors: Staub J. E. , Balgooyen B. , Tolla G. E.
Published: September 2022

Cucumber (cucumis sativus L.) hybrids from crosses with 3 female (gynoecious) parents and 2 genetically similar male parents were evaluated at 3 locations to determine if bisexual (phenotypically andromonoecious) parents can be used in hybrid cultivars with no loss in yield or quality. Bisexual parents developed through 8 backcrosses to recurrent gynoecious lines produced hybrids that could not be distinguished from those obtained by using silver nitrate-induced, near-isogenic gynoecious pollen parents. Yield, fruit shape, defects, brining quality, and sex expression of hybrids from the 2 near-isogenic pollen parents were not significantly different. Deficiencies generally attributed to bisexual parents were corrected with adequate backcrossing to establishing bisexual lines.
Determining Thermal Time and Base Temperature Required for Fruit Development in Low-chilling Peaches
Authors: Munoz C. , Sepulveda G. , Garcia-Huidobro J. , Sherman W. B.
Published: September 2022

Base temperature (temperature at which growth begins) and thermal time required for fruit development (degree-days needed from full bloom to commercial harvest) were calculated for 5 low-chilling peach and nectarine [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] cultivars grown in different climatic conditions. Base temperatures ranged from 2.5° to 4.4°C, and thermal time from 1028 to 1432 degree-days when the calculated base temperatures were used. Use of the calculated base temperatures rather than 10° base temperature reduced variability in predicting thermal time for fruit development.
Semi-automated Pit Cracking Machine for Rapid Seed Removal
Authors: Martin George C. , Kuniyuki Andrew H. , Mehlschau James J. , Whisler J.
Published: September 2022

Germination of stone fruit seeds is accelerated at an elevated percentage if the stony endocarp (pit) is removed prior to planting. Stone fruit breeders and those who screen seed populations usually remove pits with bench vice jaws that manually compress pits either end-to-end or edge-to-edge to affect seed release. The vice was effective but production was low and seasonal production was limited. Consequently, efforts were initiated to find means to alleviate the problem of low seed release productivity while maintaining the effectiveness of the vise.