bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insights into HKUST-1 Metal-Organic Framework’s Morphology and Physicochemical Properties Induced by Changing the Copper(II) Salt Precursors
Authors: Klęba Joanna , Zheng Kun , Duraczyńska Dorota , Marzec Mateusz , Fedyna Monika , Mokrzycki Jakub
Published: February 2025

The HKUST-1 metal-organic framework was synthesized using four different copper(II) salt precursors, namely copper nitrate, copper sulphate, copper acetate, and copper chloride, via the solvothermal method with no mixing. Syntheses were conducted without using the N,N-dimethylformamide to allow for a greener synthesis of MOFs. The selected physicochemical properties of the obtained metal-organic frameworks were determined. The yield of the obtained products changed in the order acetate>nitrate>sulfate, while no product was obtained in the synthesis with copper(II) chloride. The obtained materials were characterized by means of XRD, nitrogen adsorption–desorption at −196 °C, FTIR, XPS, TGA, SEM, and DLS. The morphology of crystallites and their physicochemical properties were significantly affected when different copper(II) salt precursors were used. The comparison of the obtained results with already published works allows for the correlation of the synthesis parameters like synthesis temperature, time, mixing, and copper(II) salt precursor used on selected properties of the final product.
Dynamics Modeling and Suspension Parameters Optimization of Vehicle System Based on Reduced Multibody System Transfer Matrix Method
Authors: Hu Shaoheng , Rui Xiaoting , Gu Junjie , Zhang Xizhe
Published: February 2025

This study introduces an innovative vehicle-modeling framework based on the Reduced Multibody System Transfer Matrix Method, incorporating wheel–ground contact and friction to analyze dynamic performance metrics, including vertical acceleration, suspension deflection, and angular acceleration. The model is applied to simulate vehicle behavior at 40 km/h on Class D road conditions. To enhance dynamic characteristics, suspension parameters were optimized using the NSGA-II algorithm. The optimization process achieved significant reductions in vertical acceleration (24.12%), suspension deflection (25.98%), and angular acceleration (4.93%). The Pareto frontier facilitated the selection of a representative solution that balances smoothness, stability, and suspension performance. Frequency, PSD, and RMS analyses were performed under different road conditions and speeds to verify the robustness of the optimization results. The application of the transfer matrix method is extended to vehicle suspension modeling and optimization, offering valuable insights into improving ride comfort and stability. Additionally, it highlights the effectiveness of advanced multi-objective optimization techniques in improving vehicle dynamics and provides a robust methodology for practical applications.
Experimental Research and Significance Analysis of Advanced Interpolation Methods for Optimizing System State Items and Processing Parameters
Authors: Tian Chunlei , Cao Yan , Chen Tian , Yuan Tianlong
Published: February 2025

The Finite-Difference Method (FDM) plays a pivotal role in the field of stability prediction, particularly in the modeling and stability analysis of cutting process dynamics. However, traditional approaches to optimizing the FDM often treat system state terms and time-delay terms as a monolithic entity, failing to explicitly distinguish between them, which leads to a lack of specificity in selecting optimization targets. In this study, an innovative approach is introduced by incorporating the third-order Newton interpolation method and the fourth-order Hermite interpolation method. By comparing the computational accuracy and convergence speed, it is found that the 3N-FDM (third-order Newton Finite-Difference Method) exhibits superior overall performance, and it is clearly pointed out that increasing the order does not always result in better outcomes. Additionally, this study selects different discretization numbers, denoted as m, for comparative analysis to thoroughly evaluate their impact on computational accuracy. Experimental validation demonstrates the high accuracy of the 3N-FDM. Through a one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) of tool wear and workpiece surface roughness, it is revealed that changes in system state terms have the most significant impact on the feed rate f, followed by the cutting depth ap, and finally the spindle speed n. Based on the experimental results and analysis mentioned above, this study concludes that optimizing system state terms can more effectively explore the combined influences of processing parameters on processing quality, production efficiency, and tool wear.
Truck Appointment Scheduling: A Review of Models and Algorithms
Authors: Gracia Maria D. , Mar-Ortiz Julio , Vargas Manuel
Published: February 2025

This paper provides a comprehensive review of truck appointment scheduling models and algorithms that support truck appointment systems (TASs) at container terminals. TASs have become essential tools for minimizing congestion, reducing wait times, and improving operational efficiency at the port and maritime industry. This review systematically categorizes and evaluates existing models and optimization algorithms, highlighting their strengths, limitations, and applicability in various operational contexts. We explore deterministic, stochastic, and hybrid models, as well as exact, heuristic, and metaheuristic algorithms. By synthesizing the latest advancements and identifying research gaps, this paper offers valuable insights for academics and practitioners aiming to enhance TAS efficiency and effectiveness. Future research directions and potential improvements in model formulation are also discussed.
Hypercomplex Numbers—A Tool for Enhanced Efficiency and Intelligence in Digital Signal Processing
Authors: Valkova-Jarvis Zlatka , Nenova Maria , Mihaylova Dimitriya
Published: February 2025

Mathematics is the wide-ranging solid foundation of the engineering sciences which ensures their progress by providing them with its unique toolkit of rules, methods, algorithms and numerical systems. In this paper, an overview of the numerical systems that have currently found an application in engineering science and practice is offered, while also mentioning those systems that still await full and comprehensive applicability, recognition, and acknowledgment. Two possible approaches for representing hypercomplex numbers are proposed—based on real numbers and based on complex numbers. This makes it possible to justify the creation and introduction of numerical systems specifically suited to digital signal processing (DSP), which is the basis of all modern technical sciences ensuring the technological progress of mankind. Understanding the specifics, peculiarities, and properties of the large and diverse family of hypercomplex numbers is the first step towards their more comprehensive and thorough study, and hence their use in a number of high-tech intelligent applications in various engineering and scientific fields, such as information and communication technologies (ICT), communication and neural networks, cybersecurity and national security, artificial intelligence (АI), space and military technologies, industrial engineering and machine learning, astronomy, applied mathematics, quantum physics, etc. The issues discussed in this paper are, however, far from exhausting the scientific topics related to both hypercomplex numbers in general and those relevant to DSP. This is a promising scientific area, the potential of which has not yet been fully explored, but research already shows the enhanced computational efficiency and intelligent performance of hypercomplex DSP.
Sharp Estimates of Pochhammer’s Products
Authors: Lampret Vito
Published: February 2025

Sharp, asymptotic estimates of classical and generalized rising/falling Pochhammer’s products having positive arguments are presented on the basis of Stirling’s approximation formula for the Γ function.
Neglected Zone VII Extensor Tendons Reconstruction with a Palmaris Longus Tendon Autograft
Authors: Wiktor Łukasz , Tomaszewski Ryszard
Published: February 2025

Background: This study reported a case of zone VII multiple neglected extensor tendons reconstruction with a palmaris longus tendon autograft in a 15-year-old boy 3 months after the initial trauma. Case presentations: Preoperative examinations revealed complete damage of the extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL), extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB), abductor pollicis longus (APL), and partial injury of the extensor pollicis brevis (EPB). The extensor tendons were reconstructed with a palmaris longus tendon autograft combined with graft tunnel reconstruction within the scar at the level of the damaged retinaculum. After the surgical treatment, short immobilization and early rehabilitation were applied, providing passive sliding of the reconstructed tendon supplemented with actively mediated extension. Results: Despite the neglectful nature of the injury, surgical treatment and early postoperative rehabilitation resulted in an excellent functional outcome. At the follow-up visit, 6 months postoperative, the patient presented a full range of motion of the radiocarpal joint and thumb without any limitations on hand function. Conclusions: (1) Palmaris longus tendon autograft is a viable option for the treatment of multiple zone VII extensor tendon damage. (2) The combination of early passive motion and actively mediated extension provides tendon gliding and results in good functional outcomes for a hand with zone VII extensor tendon injury. (3) Ultrasound examination can evaluate early results and detect complications, mainly tendon/graft adhesions, after extensor tendon reconstruction surgery.
A Snapshot Survey of Uterotonic Administration Practice During Cesarean Section: Is There a Difference Between the Attitudes of Obstetricians and Anesthesiologists?
Authors: Camgoz Eryilmaz Nuray , Erel Selin , Gunaydin D. Berrin
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the current uterotonic administration practices among anesthesiologists and obstetricians and gynecologists (OBGYNs) during cesarean section (CS), focusing on variations in approaches for low- and high-risk postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) cases. The objective was to identify key differences and provide evidence that could contribute to the development of standardized national protocols for uterotonic usage. Materials and Methods: A snapshot online survey was employed between October 2021 and January 2022 and distributed to anesthesiologists and OBGYNs from university-affiliated, government, and private hospitals across Turkey, consisting of 23 questions addressing demographic data, institutional PPH rates, first-line uterotonic choices, administration methods, and dose adjustments for low- and high-risk PPH cases. Specific questions also targeted uterotonic usage in the presence of comorbidities such as pre-eclampsia and cardiac disease. Results: There were 204 responses (54% anesthesiologists and 46% OBGYNs) out of 220, yielding a response rate of 92.7%. Oxytocin was the most common first-line uterotonic for CS with low-risk PPH (99.1% of the anesthesiologists and 96.8% of the OBGYNs). In total, 60% of the anesthesiologists favored an intravenous (IV) bolus followed by infusion, while 56.4% of the OBGYNs preferred IV infusion alone (p < 0.001). For CS with high-risk PPH, approximately half of the participants reported increases in oxytocin dose, while 26.4% of the anesthesiologists and 20.2% of the OBGYNs opted for combined oxytocin and carbetocin use. During intrapartum CS, 69.1% of anesthesiologists and 77.7% of OBGYNs reported no change in dose. However, 11.8% of the anesthesiologists indicated combining oxytocin and carbetocin (p < 0.05). In managing pre-eclampsia and cardiac disease, the anesthesiologists were likely to reduce uterotonic doses (15.5%) and avoid methylergonovine (35.5%) compared to the OBGYNs, who reduced doses less frequently (4.3%), but 79.8% of the OBGYNs avoided methylergonovine (p < 0.001). Conclusions: There was considerable variability in uterotonic administration practices between the anesthesiologists and OBGYNs.
Nicotinamide: A Multifaceted Molecule in Skin Health and Beyond
Authors: Camillo Lara , Zavattaro Elisa , Savoia Paola
Published: February 2025

Nicotinamide (NAM), the amide form of vitamin B3, is a precursor to essential cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) and NADPH. NAD⁺ is integral to numerous cellular processes, including metabolism regulation, ATP production, mitochondrial respiration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) management, DNA repair, cellular senescence, and aging. NAM supplementation has demonstrated efficacy in restoring cellular energy, repairing DNA damage, and inhibiting inflammation by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines release. Due to its natural presence in a variety of foods and its excellent safety profile—even at high doses of up to 3 g/day—NAM is extensively used in the chemoprevention of non-melanoma skin cancers and the treatment of dermatological conditions such as blistering diseases, atopic dermatitis, rosacea, and acne vulgaris. Recently, its anti-aging properties have elevated NAM’s prominence in skincare formulations. Beyond DNA repair and energy replenishment, NAM significantly impacts oxidative stress reduction, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis modulation. Despite these multifaceted benefits, the comprehensive molecular mechanisms underlying NAM’s actions remain not fully elucidated. This review consolidates recent research to shed light on these mechanisms, emphasizing the critical role of NAM in cellular health and its therapeutic potential. By enhancing our understanding, this work underscores the importance of continued exploration into NAM’s applications, aiming to inform future clinical practices and skincare innovations.
Electrospun Membranes Loaded with Melanin Derived from Pecan Nutshell (Carya illinoinensis) Residues for Skin-Care Applications
Authors: García-García Michell , Jaime-Ferrer Jesús Salvador , Medrano-Lango Fernanda Nayeli , Quintana-Rodríguez Elizabeth , Campos-García Tonatiu , Rodríguez-Sevilla Erika , Orona-Tamayo Domancar
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the incorporation of melanin extracted from pecan nutshell residues into a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) matrix during the electrospinning of microfiber membranes. Melanin concentrations of 0.5, 2.0, and 5.0% w/w were incorporated to enhance the physicochemical and biological properties of the fibers. The melanin-loaded PAN fibers exhibited significant antioxidant activity against DPPH and ABTS radicals, with scavenging rates ranging from 46.58% to 62.77% and 41.02% to 82.36%, respectively, while unmodified PAN fibers showed no activity. Furthermore, the melanin-loaded membranes demonstrated antimicrobial effects. The membranes also exhibited an important enzyme inhibition activity against collagenase (37%), hyaluronidase (22%), tyrosinase (36%), and elastase (33%). Molecular docking studies reveal different potential amino acids of the active sites of aging enzymes that interact strongly with melanin pigment, particularly collagenase, followed by hyaluronidase, tyrosinase, and elastase. These results suggest that the novel melanin-loaded PAN membranes possess promising bioactive properties with potential applications in different skin-care applications.
Advanced Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Metallic Materials Processing
Authors: Benardos Panorios
Published: February 2025

As the name of this Special Issue indicates, its aim was to highlight advanced applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in metallic materials processing, containing a final total of 12 published papers [...]
Selection of Trajectories to Improve Thermal Fields During the Electric Arc Welding Process Using Hybrid Model CFD-FNN
Authors: Arreola-Villa Sixtos A. , Méndez-Gordillo Alma Rosa , Pérez-Alvarado Alejandro , Servín-Castañeda Rumualdo , Calderón-Ramos Ismael , Vergara-Hernández Héctor Javier
Published: February 2025

Effective thermal management is essential in welding processes to maintain structural integrity and material quality, especially in high-precision industrial applications. This study examines the thermal behavior of an AISI 1080 steel plate containing 100 blind holes filled using robotic electric arc welding. Temperature measurements, recorded with eight strategically positioned thermocouples, monitored the thermal evolution throughout the robotic welding process. The experimental results validated a computational heat transfer model developed with ANSYS Fluent software to simulate and predict temperature distribution achieving a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) below 4.53%. A feedforward neural network was trained with simulation-generated data to optimize welding sequences. The optimization focuses on minimizing the area under the thermal history curves, reducing temperature gradients, and mitigating overheating risks. Integrating CFD simulations and neural networks introduces a hybrid methodology combining precise numerical modeling with advanced predictive capabilities. The hybrid CFD-FNN results reached a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.93 and an MAPE of 3.5% highlighting the potential of this approach to predict the thermal behavior in multipoint welding processes. This model generated optimized welding trajectories improving the uniformity of the temperature field, reducing thermal gradients and minimizing temperature peaks, thus aiding in preventing overheating. This framework represents a significant advancement in welding technologies, demonstrating the effective application of deep learning techniques in optimizing complex industrial processes.
The Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains as Components of a Biopreparation for Chickens for Slaughter
Authors: Zamojska Daria , Rosicka-Kaczmarek Justyna , Macierzyńska-Piotrowska Ewa , Nowak Adriana
Published: February 2025

Since 2022, the European Union has banned the use of antibiotics in animal production. We conducted studies to characterize Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (47, AN8, and OK-B) and Ligilactobacillus salivarius (AN9) and evaluate their potential to create a biopreparation based on fermented whey for chickens. The following methods were used: lactic acid bacteria (LAB) culture and storage, crystal violet staining, Koch’s plate method, Caco-2 cell culture, hydrophobicity test, and spectrophotometric measurements. All bacteria showed weak adhesion to polystyrene and collagen, and the L. plantarum species demonstrated weak adhesion to mucus. All bacteria showed strong adhesion to the intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2. LAB showed strong autoaggregation and coaggregation with E. coli ATCC10536. The highest affinity for xylene was exhibited by L. salivarius AN9 (above 30%) while, for chloroform, the highest affinity was exhibited by L. plantarum OK-B (approx. 95%); the affinity for n-hexadecane for all strains was below 20%. The highest survival in the presence of bile salts (0.3%) was demonstrated by L. plantarum 47 (above 54%). The effect of low pH resulted in decreased viability for all strains. Significant differences were demonstrated in the concentration of lactic acid between MRS and whey medium after culturing LAB. These results will aid in qualifying these strains for further research to create a functional feed for chickens.
Viral Infections in HSCT Recipients with Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder: The Role of Torque Teno Virus as a Marker of Immune Functions
Authors: Pociupany Martyna , Tarabella Carolina , Snoeck Robert , Dierickx Daan , Andrei Graciela
Published: February 2025

Monitoring immune function in post-transplant patients is crucial to reduce the risk of viral infections (e.g., cytomegalovirus [CMV] or Epstein–Barr virus [EBV]), which can lead to serious complications such as post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). Recently, Torque Teno virus (TTV) has attracted interest as a marker of immune function. Thus, we studied the kinetics of common post-transplant viral infections (TTV, EBV, CMV, human herpesvirus-6 [HHV-6], and adenovirus [AdV]) and their association with clinical parameters in 23 HSCT recipients who developed PTLD (PTLD-HSCT) and 25 post-HSCT patients without PTLD (Non-PTLD-HSCT) at three different timepoints: at the time of the transplant (T0), 3 months (T1), and 6 months (T2) post-HSCT. Additionally, 25 healthy donors (HD) were used as the control. EBV, CMV, HHV-6, or AdV infections were found in a few samples, while TTV was found in all of our samples. The highest TTV levels (4.61 [T0], 6.24 [T1] and 6.70 [T2] log10 copies/mL) were seen in PTLD-HSCT patients compared to Non-PTLD-HSCT (3.39 [T0], 4.86 [T1], and 3.75 [T2] log10 copies/mL) and HD (2.25 log10 copies/mL) at all timepoints. Higher TTV levels were also seen in patients with a destructive type of PTLD and in surviving PTLD-HSCT patients compared to deceased ones. TTV kinetics in PTLD patients post-HSCT showed that TTV levels increase with the fall in the host immunocompetence and that by monitoring TTV kinetics, the immune status of the patient can be monitored.
Use of Cefiderocol in Management of Resistant Gram-Negative Infections in Patients Admitted to a Burn Center
Authors: Lane Lindey C. , Walker Jonathon K. , Hill David M.
Published: February 2025

Cefiderocol is a novel cephalosporin antibiotic approved for urinary tract infections and hospital-acquired or ventilator-associated pneumonias caused by difficult-to-treat Gram-negative pathogens. To date, its use in treating difficult-to-treat Gram-negative infections in burn patients has been minimally described in the literature. Our aim was to evaluate cefiderocol use in a population of burn patients initiated on cefiderocol for resistant Gram-negative infections. A retrospective chart review of nine patients was conducted. Two patients were treated for pneumonia; five for bacteremia, three of which had coexisting burn wound infections or pneumonia; one was treated for a burn wound infection alone; and one patient was treated for a simultaneous burn wound infection, pneumonia, and bacteremia. The pathogens treated included the following: multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales. Three isolates were confirmed as New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM) producers, though this was likely an underestimate as genetic testing is not routinely performed at our institution and not all the isolates were tested. One of the nine patients in this study succumbed to their infection. Of note, the multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in this patient tested intermediate to cefiderocol. The patients were treated with cefiderocol for a median of 14 days, most commonly in combination with other antimicrobial therapies. Treatment with cefiderocol appeared to be efficacious in this population of burn patients when other antibiotics routinely used for complicated infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative pathogens showed treatment failure or resistance.
Host Jumps and Pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriaceae Species on Grapevines (Vitis vinifera) in Chile
Authors: Hernández Yadira , Lolas Mauricio , Elfar Karina , Eskalen Akif , Gainza-Cortés Felipe , Díaz Gonzalo A.
Published: February 2025

Botryosphaeria dieback disease is a significant grapevine trunk disease (GTD) caused by species of Botryosphaeriaceae in Chile and worldwide. Moreover, Botryosphaeriaceae have been described attacking fruit and nut crops in Chile. However, it remains unknown whether fungal isolates from tree hosts have the potential to infect grapevines in Chile. The aggressiveness and potential cross infection of species of Botryosphaeriaceae collected from crops (grapevines, apples, blueberries, and walnuts), was assessed on grapevines. Plant materials, including nursery cuttings, lignified canes, and green shoots of grapevine cultivars (Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Sauvignon Blanc, Malbec, Aspirant Bouschet, and Merlot), were inoculated with Diplodia mutila, D. seriata, Dothiorella sarmentorum, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Neofusicoccum arbuti, and N. parvum, under greenhouse and vineyard conditions. Regardless of the origin of the isolates, most species of Botryosphaeriaceae were pathogenic on plant materials, causing necrotic lesions of mean lengths from 11.9 to 86.2 mm using mycelial suspension and from 24.8 to 253.7 mm with mycelial plugs. Notably, Neofusicoccum species were the most aggressive, regardless of host origin. Other less aggressive species included L. theobromae, D. mutila, and D. seriata isolated from apple and walnut. This study highlights the potential of species of Botryosphaeriaceae from alternative fruit hosts as inoculum sources for grapevines in Chile.
Genomic Characterization of Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST895 Isolates from Canine Origins Through Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis
Authors: Huang Ronglei , Gao Wei , Sun Yue , Ye Yan , Luo Tingting , Pan Yitong , Zhang Chengyang , Zhou Ang , Ren Wenzhi , Du Chongtao
Published: February 2025

The widespread application of carbapenems and other broad-spectrum antibiotics has significantly escalated the threat posed by highly drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae to human public health. In this research, we isolated a carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae strain from the feces of pet dogs at a veterinary hospital in Changchun, Jilin Province, China. To gain insights into its genetic makeup and resistance mechanisms, we conducted comprehensive whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing on the isolated strain. Our findings revealed the presence of three distinct plasmids within the strain, classified as IncFIB&IncFII, IncR, and IncX3. Notably, the blaNDM-5 gene, conferring resistance to carbapenems, was uniquely harbored on the IncX3 plasmid, which was devoid of any other resistance genes beyond blaNDM-5. In contrast, the remaining two plasmids, IncFIB&IncFII and IncR, were found to encode an array of additional drug resistance genes, contributing to the strain’s broad-spectrum resistance phenotype. The IncX3 plasmid, specifically, measures 45,829 bp in length and harbors the IS5D-blaNDM-5-Ble-MBL-PRAI cassette, which has been closely linked to the dissemination of blaNDM-5 genes in K. pneumoniae strains. We reported the blaNDM-5-carrying IncX3 in K. pneumoniae isolates recovered from the pet dog and revealed the molecular characterization. Emphasis should be placed on, and continuous monitoring carried out for, the dissemination of K. pneumoniae harboring the blaNDM-5 gene among humans, companion animals, and their related environments.
The Adjustment for Entrainment Behavior of Kaolinite in Coal Flotation
Authors: Liu Chengyong , Gu Wenzhe , Zhang Haijun , Tian Quanzhi , Wang Hainan , Zhou Yuejin , Liu Zhicheng
Published: February 2025

The entrainment of gangue particles always increases the ash content of coal flotation concentrate. In the present work, the adjustment for entrainment of kaolinite in coal flotation was studied focusing on the parameters including solid concentration and frother dosage. The results indicated that the ash contents of concentrates were always higher in the early or late stage (flotation time: 0–30 s or 120–180 s) than that in the middle stage (flotation time: 30–120 s). This is mainly because of the mechanical entrainment in the early stage and the entrainment caused by water transportation in the later stage. It has been confirmed that reducing the feed solid concentration and frother dosage effectively decrease mechanical entrainment in the early stage. Furthermore, better flotation results can be obtained under a high solid concentration and frother dosage in the late stage of the flotation process. Therefore, a novel two-stage flotation process was proposed for the coal flotation. A better flotation performance (combustible recovery: 91.28%; ash content: 4.09%) can be achieved by two-stage flotation, compared to the flotation results (combustible recovery: 93.12%; ash content: 5.16%) of the one-stage flotation process.
Geological and 3D Image Analysis Toward Protecting a Geosite: The Case Study of Falakra, Limnos, Greece
Authors: Koukouvelas Ioannis K. , Kyriou Aggeliki , Nikolakopoulos Konstantinos G. , Dimaris Georgios , Pantelidis Ioannis , Tsikos Harilaos
Published: February 2025

The Falakra geosite is located at the northern shoreline of the island of Limnos, Greece, and exhibits an array of unusual geomorphological features developed in late Cenozoic sandstones. Deposition of the primary clastic sediments was overprinted by later, low-temperature hydrothermal fluid flow and interstitial secondary calcite formation associated with nearby volcanic activity. Associated sandstone cannonballs take center stage in a landscape built by joints, Liesengang rings and iron (hydr)oxide precipitates, constituting an intriguing site of high aesthetic value. The Falakra geosite is situated in an area with dynamic erosion processes occurring under humid weather conditions. These have evidently sculpted and shaped the sandstone landscape through a complex interaction of wave- and wind-induced erosional processes aided by salt spray wetting. This type of geosite captivates scientists and nature enthusiasts due to its unique geological and landscape features, making its sustainable conservation a significant concern and topic of debate. Here, we provide detailed geological and remote sensing mapping of the area to improve the understanding of geological processes and their overall impact. Given the significance of the Falakra geosite as a unique tourist destination, we emphasize the importance of developing it under sustainable management. We propose the segmentation of the geosite into four sectors based on the corresponding geological features observed on site. Sector A, located to the west, is occupied by a lander-like landscape; to the southeast, sector B contains clusters of cannonballs and concretions; sector C is characterized by intense jointing and complex iron (hydr)oxide precipitation patterns, dominated by Liesengang rings, while sector D displays cannonball or concretion casts. Finally, we propose a network of routes and platforms to highlight the geological heritage of the site while reducing the impact of direct human interaction with the outcrops. For constructing the routes and platforms, we propose the use of serrated steel grating.
Effects of Ore Particle Size Distribution on Rare Earth Leaching Process of Weathered Crust Elution-Deposited Rare Earth Ores
Authors: Long Fei , Chen Wendou , Zhang Zhenyue , Chi Ru’an
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates the rare earth (RE) leaching process of weathered crust leached rare earth ores (WCE-DREOs) with different ore particle sizes. Ore particles were categorized into seven distinct size ranges: −0.106 mm, +0.106 mm to −0.15 mm, +0.15 mm to −0.25 mm, +0.25 mm to −0.85 mm and +0.85 mm. The study examined the correlation between the thickness of the electrical double layer (EDL) and the RE content, as well as the swelling ratio of clay minerals. The findings demonstrated that the order of RE content with respect to varying particle sizes was as follows: C−0.106>C+0.106~−0.15>C+0.15~−0.25>C+0.25~−0.85>C+0.85 (C represents RE content). The RE content of full particle size was found to be 7.93 mg/g, with the particle size −0.106 mm exhibiting the highest RE content of 2.02 mg/g. In the fitting of the relationship between the RE content and the thickness of the EDL, it was observed that the particle size −0.106 mm exhibited a consistent correlation with the Logistic function y=2.03−0.43/(1+1.49x172.39). In the study of the swelling performance of the WCE-DREOs, the order of the swelling ratio of ore samples in different particle sizes was δ−0.106>δ+0.106~−0.15>δ+0.15~−0.25>δ+0.25~−0.85>δ+0.85(δ represents the swelling ratio), and the swelling ratio was 3.34%, 2.92%, 2.33%, 1.55% and 0.01%, respectively. In the fitting of the relationship between the swelling ratio of clay minerals and the thickness of the EDL, it was observed that a particle size of −0.106 mm corresponded to the exponential function y=3.65−99.89·exp⁡−x/0.12. The results of the study provide useful assistance in the mining of the WCE-DREOs.
Novel and Highly Efficient Carboxylative Cyclization of CO2 to 2-Oxazolidinones Using Nano-SiO2-Supported Ionic Liquid Sustainable Catalysts
Authors: Hu Yulin , Tang Zongyan , Liu Xiaobing
Published: February 2025

The conversion of CO2 into 2-oxazolidinones through carboxylative cyclization with propargylic amines is considered an effective method for utilizing waste gas as a sustainable C1 resource and mitigating the greenhouse effect. In this context, a series of nano-SiO2-supported ionic liquids have been prepared and developed as multifunctional heterogeneous catalysts in the carboxylative cyclization of propargylic amines with CO2. The catalyst IL-SbF6@nano-SiO2 demonstrated a high compatibility with various propargylic amines, achieving excellent yields (90~98%) for the desired 2-oxazolidinones under mild conditions. Additionally, IL-SbF6@nano-SiO2 can be easily separated from the reaction mixture and reused for up to six cycles without any significant activity loss. This is important for sustainable chemistry, as it reduces waste and potentially lowers costs. This study offers novel insights into the development and design of green and efficient catalysts for the synthesis of 2-oxazolidinones from carbon dioxide.
Roles of Post-Translational Modifications of Transcription Factors Involved in Breast Cancer Hypoxia
Authors: Seymour Logan , Nuru Niyogushima , Johnson Kaya R. , Gutierrez Jennifer Michel Villalpando , Njoku Victor Tochukwu , Darie Costel C. , Neagu Anca-Narcisa
Published: February 2025

BC is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Cellular stress is a condition that leads to disrupted homeostasis by extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Among other stressors, hypoxia is a driving force for breast cancer (BC) progression and a general hallmark of solid tumors. Thus, intratumoral hypoxia is an important determinant of invasion, metastasis, treatment failure, prognosis, and patient mortality. Acquisition of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype is also a consequence of tumor hypoxia. The cellular response to hypoxia is mainly regulated by the hypoxia signaling pathway, governed by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), mainly HIF1α. HIFs are a family of transcription factors (TFs), which induce the expression of target genes involved in cell survival and proliferation, metabolic reprogramming, angiogenesis, resisting apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis. HIF1α cooperates with a large number of other TFs. In this review, we focused on the crosstalk and cooperation between HIF1α and other TFs involved in the cellular response to hypoxia in BC. We identified a cluster of TFs, proposed as the HIF1α-TF interactome, that orchestrates the transcription of target genes involved in hypoxia, due to their post-translational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, ubiquitination/deubiquitination, SUMOylation, hydroxylation, acetylation, S-nitrosylation, and palmitoylation. PTMs of these HIF1α-related TFs drive their stability and activity, degradation and turnover, and the bidirectional translocation between the cytoplasm or plasma membrane and nucleus of BC cells, as well as the transcription/activation of proteins encoded by oncogenes or inactivation of tumor suppressor target genes. Consequently, PTMs of TFs in the HIF1α interactome are crucial regulatory mechanisms that drive the cellular response to oxygen deprivation in BC cells.
Gamma-Tocopherol: A Comprehensive Review of Its Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anticancer Properties
Authors: Es-Sai Basma , Wahnou Hicham , Benayad Salma , Rabbaa Soufiane , Laaziouez Yassir , El Kebbaj Riad , Limami Youness , Duval Raphaël Emmanuel
Published: February 2025

Gamma-tocopherol (γ-tocopherol), a major isoform of vitamin E, exhibits potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties, making it a promising therapeutic candidate for treating oxidative stress-related diseases. Unlike other tocopherol isoforms, γ-tocopherol effectively neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), providing robust cellular protection against oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation. Its anti-inflammatory effects are mediated through the modulation of pathways involving cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), reducing chronic inflammation and its associated risks. In cancer therapy, γ-tocopherol demonstrates multifaceted activity, including the inhibition of tumor growth, induction of apoptosis, and suppression of angiogenesis, with significant efficacy observed in cancers such as prostate, lung, and colon. Preclinical and clinical studies support its efficacy in mitigating oxidative stress, inflammation, and cancer progression, with excellent tolerance at physiological levels. However, high doses necessitate careful evaluation to minimize adverse effects. This review consolidates current knowledge on γ-tocopherol’s biological activities and clinical implications, underscoring its importance as a natural compound for managing inflammation, oxidative stress, and cancer. As a perspective, advancements in nanoformulation technology could enhance γ-tocopherol’s bioavailability, stability, and targeted delivery, offering the potential to optimize its therapeutic application in the future.
Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG): Pharmacological Properties, Biological Activities and Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Capasso Lucia , De Masi Luigi , Sirignano Carmina , Maresca Viviana , Basile Adriana , Nebbioso Angela , Rigano Daniela , Bontempo Paola
Published: February 2025

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the predominant catechin in green tea, comprises approximately 50% of its total polyphenol content and has garnered widespread recognition for its significant therapeutic potential. As the principal bioactive component of Camellia sinensis, EGCG is celebrated for its potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and antitumor properties. The bioavailability and metabolism of EGCG within the gut microbiota underscore its systemic effects, as it is absorbed in the intestine, metabolized into bioactive compounds, and transported to target organs. This compound has been shown to influence key physiological pathways, particularly those related to lipid metabolism and inflammation, offering protective effects against a variety of diseases. EGCG’s ability to modulate cell signaling pathways associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis, and immune regulation highlights its multifaceted role in health promotion. Emerging evidence underscores EGCG’s therapeutic potential in preventing and managing a range of chronic conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic syndromes. Given the growing prevalence of lifestyle-related diseases and the increasing interest in natural compounds, EGCG presents a promising avenue for novel therapeutic strategies. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on EGCG, emphasizing its critical role as a versatile natural bioactive agent with diverse clinical applications. Further exploration in both experimental and clinical settings is essential to fully unlock its therapeutic potential.
Melatonin Pre-Treatment Protects Erythrocytes Against Subsequent Oxidative Damage
Authors: Jasenovec Tomas , Vazan Rastislav , Radosinska Dominika , Gardlik Roman , Radosinska Jana
Published: February 2025

Research on the effects of melatonin on erythrocyte deformability has yielded mixed results. While some studies reported improvements, others found no effect, and a few even noted a deterioration in deformability. Moreover, the impact of melatonin may vary between healthy erythrocytes and those subjected to oxidative stress. This study investigated the dose-dependent effects of melatonin on erythrocytes under baseline conditions and oxidative stress, using both pre- and post-stress incubation protocols. Oxidative damage was induced with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP), and its extent was assessed via dichlorofluorescein fluorescence. Erythrocyte deformability was measured using ektacytometry, and osmotic resistance was assessed through hemolytic assays. The results showed that incubation with TBHP led to a dose-dependent decline in both erythrocyte deformability and osmotic resistance. While melatonin treatment had no observable effect on intact erythrocytes, it enhanced deformability in oxidatively damaged erythrocytes when administered before oxidative stress was induced. However, the beneficial effect was not evident when melatonin was applied after oxidative damage. Additionally, melatonin incubation had no impact on the ability of erythrocytes to resist the hypotonic environment. In conclusion, this study supports the notion that the antioxidant properties of melatonin can improve erythrocyte functional status, as reflected by enhanced deformability, but not osmotic resistance. Notably, this effect was observed only in erythrocytes that were exposed to oxidative damage after melatonin incubation, not in intact cells.
Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Cinnamic Acid and Its Derivatives: Synergistic Effects with Cloxacillin
Authors: Zawiła Tomasz , Swolana Denis , Rok Jakub , Rzepka Zuzanna , Wojtyczka Robert D.
Published: February 2025

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a widely prevalent microorganism whose key virulence factors include a high ability to adhere to synthetic surfaces and the capacity to form biofilms. The widespread distribution of multidrug-resistant strains (e.g., MRSE—methycillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis) compels researchers to explore new therapeutic approaches. Cinnamic acid and its derivatives are common plant-derived compounds known for their broad range of biological activities, including antimicrobial properties. The phenotypic assays conducted in this study revealed a strong anti-biofilm activity of the investigated compounds. Confocal laser scanning microscopy allowed for the visualization of structural changes within the biofilm and facilitated the assessment of bacterial cell viability in relation to the concentration of the tested substances.
Insights into the Sources, Structure, and Action Mechanisms of Quinones on Diabetes: A Review
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Li Mingyue , Lu Jingyang , Wang Jia , Zhang Min , Panichayupakaranant Pharkphoom , Chen Haixia
Published: February 2025

Quinones, one of the oldest organic compounds, are of increasing interest due to their abundant presence in a wide range of natural sources and their remarkable biological activity. These compounds occur naturally in green leafy vegetables, fruits, herbs, animal and marine sources, and fermented products, and have demonstrated promising potential for use in health interventions, particularly in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). This review aims to investigate the potential of quinones as a health intervention for T2DM from the multidimensional perspective of their sources, types, structure–activity relationship, glucose-lowering mechanism, toxicity reduction, and bioavailability enhancement. Emerging research highlights the hypoglycemic activities of quinones, mainly driven by their redox properties, which lead to covalent binding, and their structural substituent specificity, which leads to their non-covalent binding to biocomplexes. Quinones can improve insulin resistance and regulate glucose homeostasis by modulating mitochondrial function, inflammation, lipid profile, gastrointestinal absorption, and by acting as insulin mimetics. Meanwhile, increasing attention is being given to research focused on mitigating the toxicity of quinones during administration and enhancing their bioavailability. This review offers a critical foundation for the development of quinone-based health therapies and functional foods aimed at diabetes management.
The Influence of Standard and Freeze-Dried Tofu on the Phenols and Quality of Virgin Olive Oil Used as an Immersion Medium
Authors: Koprivnjak Olivera , Majetić Germek Valerija , Žurga Paula , Brkić Bubola Karolina
Published: February 2025

Various protein-rich foods are traditionally immersed in virgin olive oil (VOO), a medium rich in phenols, which are health-promoting and sensorially important compounds. Immersing tofu in VOO may modify the sensory properties and nutritional value of both due to the oil’s hydrophilic phenol interactions with proteins and water. In this study, cubes of fresh tofu (T) (70% water) and freeze-dried tofu (FD-T) (5% water) were immersed in VOO for 7 days of cold storage. The changes in the phenolic compound content and standard quality parameters of the oil were noted after 1, 3, 5, and 7 days of contact with the tofu. The total phenols in the oil were determined using the Fast Blue BB assay, while single phenols were analyzed by HPLC-UV/VIS. During the 7 days, the total phenols in the oil decreased by up to 56% and 26% under the influence of fresh and freeze-dried tofu, respectively, including a significant decrease in hydroxytyrosol, oleacein, tyrosol, and oleocanthal. The water content and its release from fresh tofu significantly contributed to this decline. The degradation of the quality of the oil in contact with the fresh tofu was observed only in its sensory properties, with a marked reduction in the intensity of its fruitiness, bitterness and pungency.
Efficient Purification of Auto-Exhaust Soot Particles Using Hexagonal Fe2O3 Nanosheets Decorated with Non-Noble Metals (Ni)
Authors: Guo Haoqi , Xiong Jing , Zhang Peng , Liu Jian , Zhao Zhen , Wei Yuechang
Published: February 2025

Purification of soot particles from automobile exhaust has closely to do with the synergistic effect between catalyst metals. Here, several binary Ni-Fe oxide catalysts were elaborately prepared via a modified solvothermal method. A non-noble-metal (Ni)-modified hexagonal Fe2O3 nano-sheet catalyst (Ni−Fe2O3) was prepared. The introduced heteroatoms replace some of the Fe atoms, which take up the surface of the [FeO6] octahedron, and the synergistic effect formed between the heteroatoms which are on the surface and the adjacent Fe atoms promotes the formation of coordination unsaturated ions of the activated reactants. The optimal performance was obtained with the Ni-Fe2O3-20 composition, with catalytic soot oxidation resulting in T50, SCO2m, Ea and TOF of 366 °C, 99.1%, 72.7 kJ mol−1 and 0.156 min−1 (at 310 °C), respectively. The combination of Ni and Fe2O3 cells increases the ratio of Fe3+/Fe2+, making the interaction among electrons between the Ni, which was proved highly dispersed over the catalyst, and the Fe2O3 strong. Both exist on the catalyst surface in the form of NiFe2O4. Ni atoms and Fe2O3, which demonstrate a synergistic effect, promoting the formation of coordination unsaturated ions of the activated reactants and generating more oxygen vacancies, thus promoting the adsorption of NO and accelerating the ignition of soot in O2 at a low temperature. The novel Ni-Fe2O3-X oxide cocatalyst is an improved noble-free catalyst that promotes the synergistic effect between heteroatoms and metal oxides through surface regulation. This is of great significance for the further development of economic and efficient catalysts for soot particle removal from automobile exhaust.