bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Endotracheal Intubation through ILMA and Baska Mask: A Randomised Clinical Study
Authors: Chahar Neetika , Wahi Ajay , Sinha Niyati , Gupta Ritu , Bansal Sapna , Reddy Praveena
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Since their introduction, Supraglottic Airway Devices (SADs) have established a role in both routine as well as emergency airway management of difficult airways in both children and adults. But anaesthesiologist may need to secure the airway by inserting an Endotracheal Tube (ETT) at any time. Aim: To evaluate success rate of Baska mask and Intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway (ILMA) for ETT insertion through them by conducting a prospective and randomised study. Materials and Methods: The Randomised Clinical Study was conducted in sixty American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) status I-II patients scheduled for elective surgical procedures requiring endotracheal intubation through either Baska mask or ILMA. In both the groups, standard induction and insertion technique of SAD was used. Re-inforced ETT was used in the first attempt and Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) ETT in the second attempt for intubation through both SADs. The total time for intubation, number of attempts taken to insert the SAD and ETT through it, haemodynamic response and adverse events were studied. Results: Patients in both the groups were comparable demographically with respect to sex, as a status, age and weight. Successful intubation was achieved in 33.3% (n=10/30) on first attempt through Baska mask compared to 86.7% in ILMA (n=26/30) (p=0.001). The overall intubation success rate was also lower with Baska group (56.7%; n=20/30) compared to ILMA (100%; n=30/30) (p<0.001). The haemodynamic parameters during intubation were also significantly higher in the Baska group as compared to the ILMA group. There were no differences in the other secondary outcomes. Conclusion: The first pass and overall success rate of intubation through the Baska mask were inferior to those of ILMA.
Non Narcotic Pain Relief in Postcaesarean Women by Percutaneous Stimulation of Auricular Pressure Points: A Randomised Controlled Study
Authors: Prakash Lakshmi , Venkataraman Mangal Swathi , Natarajan Basker
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Caesarean sections are the most common surgeries performed globally now-a-days. The postoperative period is associated with immense pain which if not mitigated can be detrimental to both mother and baby. An inadequate analgesia can lead to postpartum depression, and can also affect mother-baby bonding, breastfeeding including delay in ambulation. Aim: To assess the efficacy of non narcotic pain relief and to study the additional need of rescue analgesics. Materials and Methods: A randomised controlled study was carried out at the Institute of Social Obstetrics and Government Kasturba Gandhi Hospital after registering with Clinical Trials Registry-India CTRI/2022/04/041633. A total of 60 antenatal women undergoing caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia were randomly allocated into two groups of 30 each. Group P received stimulation of auricular pressure points with a stimulation device at the end of caesarean procedure and Group C was a control group. The cases were monitored for 48 hours, and the following parameters were recorded: spinal regression time, pain score Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), rescue analgesic need including time and total dosage, sedation scores using the modified Ramsay sedation scale and postoperative nausea and vomiting. Data analysis was done using International Business Machines (IBM) Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 23.0. Data was expressed as mean±Standard Deviation (SD). Quantitative analysis was done using Pearson’s Chi-square test and Independent t-test. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Group P had VAS scores 2.53±0.64 and Group C had VAS scores 4.97±0.47 with highly significant p-value of <0.001. Only 2 (7%) of patients in Group P needed rescue analgesic whereas all patients of Group C required rescue analgesic with highly significant p-value of 0.001. Postoperative nausea vomiting was noted in only 1 (3%) patient of Group P as opposed to 12 patients (40%) in Group C with highly significant p-value <0.001. Group P showed maximum sedation score of two as compared to three in Group C as assessed by Modified Ramsay Sedation scale with statistically significant p-value of 0.01. Conclusion: The percutaneous stimulation of auricular pressure points is efficacious in providing good analgesia with early ambulation, breastfeeding, and no adverse effects.
Nutrient Composition and Sensory Properties of Breakfast Cereals Produced from Millet Flour Supplemented with Soybean and Date Fruit Flours
Authors: Ahmadu D. L. , Okoye J. I. , Egbujie A. E.
Published: June 2023

This study was designed to evaluate the nutrient composition and sensory properties of breakfast cereals produced from blends of millet, soybean and date fruit flour. Soybean and date fruit flours were used at varying replacement levels (5-30% soybean and 5-20% date fruit) for malted millet flour in the production of breakfast cereals with breakfast cereal produced from 100% malted millet flour as control. The nutrient composition and sensory properties of the breakfast cereals were evaluated using standard methods. The moisture, crude protein, fat, crude fibre and ash contents of the breakfast cereals increased significantly (p<0.05) with increase in substitution of soybean and date fruit flours from 7.19-7.63%, 7.69-18.32%, 3.09-4.03%, 2.47-3.86% and 1.21-2.07, respectively, while the carbohydrate and energy contents decreased  from 78.37-64.13% and 371.99-365.10KJ/100g, respectively. The mineral composition of the breakfast cereals also increased significantly (p<0.05) with increase in substitution of soybean and date fruit flours       from 17.86-96.52mg/100g (calcium), 58.47-132.72mg/100g (potassium), 79.01-120.76mg/100g (phosphorus), 16.54-86.54mg/100g (magnesium), 1.55-2.14mg/100g (iron) and 1.32-1.72mg/100g (zinc), respectively. The thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, ascorbic acid, vitamin A and folic acid contents of the samples equally increased significantly (p<0.05) with increase in substitution of soybean and date fruit flours from 1.36-2.57mg/100g, 2.36-3.51mg/100g, 2.14-3.56mg/100g, 1.55-2.22mg/100g, 2.23-4.26mg/100g and 1.02-1.81mg/100g, respectively. The sensory properties of the samples showed that the porridge made from the control sample (Breakfast cereal made with 100% malted millet flour) was the most acceptable to the panelists and also differed significantly (p<0.05) from those prepared from the substituted samples in colour, texture, taste and flavour. The study, however, showed that the nutrient contents and sensory properties of millet based breakfast cereals could be improved by supplementing millet flour with different proportions of soybean and date fruit flours in the preparation of nutrient-dense and acceptable breakfast cereal products.
Assessment of Formaldehyde-Induced Arthritis (FIA) using Modified Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity Index (RADAI) on Adult Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Ozoemena Chiadikobi Lawrence , Abireh Ifeanacho Ezeteonu , Egwuatu Ifeanyi Anthony , Ozioko Onyinye Mary , Mba Christian Ejiuwa , Ozor Christian Chiemeka , Amaechi Katchy Uche
Published: June 2023

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory and degenerative disease affecting the joints and joint cartilage, with extra-articular manifestations. The chronicity of RA causes irreversible damage to the skeletal system and with a poorly understood pathogenesis, current management modalities are grossly limited. Pre-clinical studies on RA in Africa are plagued with scarcity and inaccessibility of research grants and funding, and this has negatively impacted interest in research. Also, inducting agents that mimic the true pathogenesis of diseases such as RA are limited. Therefore, there is a need to find readily available alternatives to promote research studies on RA in our environment. This study aimed to evaluate the rheumatoid arthritis disease activity index (RADAI) of formaldehyde induction (FIA) in comparison to collagen induction (CIA) of arthritis using twenty adult male Wistar rats which were grouped into 5 (A-E) (n=4). Group A, the control group had feed and water only. Groups B, C, and D had two doses of 0.1% formaldehyde (50µl, 100µl, and 200µl, respectively). Group E had 200µl of bovine CII-CFA emulsion (0.2mg/ml). Booster dosage was performed 9 days later by injecting 100µl of bovine CII-CFA emulsion (0.1mg/ml). Body weights, ankle measurements, and blood samples were taken on days 1, 16, and 48, before sacrificing the animals by cervical dislocation. Both ankles were rapidly dissected and processed for histological assessment using Modified Mankin System. We recorded a 100% mortality rate on high-dose formaldehyde administration (Group D), but no mortalities were seen in other groups. In low and moderate dosages of formaldehyde, RA induction was achieved and when compared to Collagen Induced Arthritis (CIA), there was no significant difference noted. We postulate that Formaldehyde Induced Arthritis (FIA) models can serve as a substitute for CIA mimicking the true pathogenesis seen in rheumatoid arthritis.
A Standardized Scale to Measure Attitude of Agricultural Scientists towards ICT
Authors: Pal Ayushi , Singh Dharminder , Mohapatra Lopamudra
Published: June 2023

Advancement of Information Communication Technologies has become a crucial factor in improving decision making capacity of agricultural scientists, facilitating retrieval and sharing of agricultural information. This article aims at designing and validating a psychometric scale on basis of Likert’s method of summated ratings to assess the attitude of agricultural scientist towards information communication technologies. Attitude is a developed feeling or emotion towards a psychological object which helps an individual to give a verdict on that psychological object. Commencing with initial set of 70 statements prepared/developed on the basis of insights from literature review of previous empirical research on attitude scales towards ICT, final scale constituted of 17 statements. The items were subjected to relevancy test and items having ‘t’ value higher than 1.75 were selected in final scale. On the basis of and ‘t’ value 17 statements constituted the final scale. The aggregate scale was verified for internal consistency and content validity. Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.75 and whole test reliability value of 0.55 computed using the Spearman-Brown Prophecy formula established satisfactory level of internal consistency as reliability of the scale. Content validation of scale was ensured by administering the selected items to judges. The standardized scale allows quantitative assessment of agricultural scientist and would have practical applicability in discovering the intensity of attitude of agricultural scientist and thus facilitates to take right decisions by policy makers.
Comparative Physicochemical, Phytochemical Parameters and antiradical activities of Ximenia americana L. (Olacaceae) Almond Oils from three Locals Variants
Authors: Rouamba Vincent , Ouédraogo Lassané , Compaoré Moussa , Sama Hémayero , Kiendrebeogo Martin
Published: June 2023

Aims: This study aimed to compare local variants of X. americana with optimal properties for production in the food and phytomedicine industry.

Methodology: The plant material was collected from three sites in Burkina Faso, namely Gonsé, Saponé and Kokologho from May to June 2021. The oil yield was estimated and the physicochemical parameters were performed according to ISO standards. Phytochemical screening of polyphenols and flavonoids was carried out and the antioxidant activities of the oils from different trees were evaluated using DPPH and ABTS tests.

Results: The average oil extraction yield for the three variants was 42.30 ± 14.34%.The estimated colour oil was yellow. The oil refraction index indicated that the Gonsé site (1.471 ± 0.002) has the highest value. The highest oil temperature value was obtained from Kokologho trees (30.60 ± 0.21°C) followed by the ones collected at Gonsé (22.63 ± 1.72°C) and Saponé (22.60 ± 0.41°C). The oil acid value of almonds from all three sites with an average value of 0.023 ± 0.013 mg KOH/g was lower than the international standard ISO 660-2020. The Saponé and Kokologho sites exhibited the highest oil peroxide values of 0.040 ± 0.000 mEq O2/kg on either side, while the lowest peroxide value was found at Gonsé (0.021 ± 0.000 mEq O2/kg). The highest saponification value is that of Kokologho with a value of 84.81 ± 4.18 mg KOH/g. The polyphenol and flavonoid content of almond oil vary within a site and between sites. Oil extracts have shown free radical scavenging capabilities (DPPH and ABTS) indicating substantial polyphenol and flavonoid content.

Conclusion: The oil has very good quality and fulfills all standard requirements for use in the phytomedicine and food industry. A mass selection can be performed within the three sites for X. americana plantation in agroforestry systems.
Designing and Implementation of Academic Based Network Software
Authors: Chinonso Simon , Ifeanyi Ugbaga Nkole
Published: June 2023

Aims: Design of an Academic Network Based Software (ANBS) for teaching, learning and more collaboration between the teachers and learners.

Study Design: An agile software was used to assure subsystem effective before moving to another.

Place and Duration of Study: Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda Zamfara State Nigeria 2021.

Methodology: The designing of the online learning module of this kind using Agile software development method which is necessary in certain situations, especially where research and development is being conducted. It involves the development process of incremental and iterative approach from different schools in the institution which includes School of Business Management Studies, School of Engineering Technology, School of Science Technology, School of Environmental Science, School of General Studies respectively. The system was structured in module which includes Administrator, Instructor and Learner modules respectively.

Conclusion: It is expected that the new system will effectively and efficiently handle most of the problems of students learning experience and teacher mode of delivery of lectures in Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda.
Nasofacial Morphometry of Ekpeye Tribe in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Erekosima Boma Uriah , Kinikanwo Didia Monday , Oparaodu U. A. , Ikenga V. O. , Samuel George
Published: June 2023

Background: Nasofacial Anthropometry is concerned with the measurements of the proportions, size and shape of the human nose and face [1]. This study was aimed at investigating the nasofacial dimensions in Ekpeye tribe in Rivers state.

Methods: Nasofacial parameters of 362 adults were measured using vernier calliper. The nasal length was measured as the distance between the nasion and the nasopinale; nasal width was measured as the distance between ala to ala. The morphological facial length was measured as the distance from the nasion to gnathion and morphological facial width was measured as the distance between right and left zygomatic arches.

Results: Data obtained was analyzed using SPSS version 26.0 and Microsoft Excel 2013. The mean nasal index for the males was 95.03±17.31 while females presented with 91.04±10.39, this is statistically significant. The mean facial index for the males was 101.72±59.52 while females presented with 93.18±12.65.

Conclusion: In this study, it was observed that the Ekpeye people have platyrrhine type of nose and Hyperleptoprosopic category of face. Hence the data in this study has provided anthropometric data for the Ekpeye people, which will be beneficial in forensic science and nasofacial reconstructive surgeries.
Improvement of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) for Salinity Tolerance under in vitro Condition
Authors: Surbhaiyya S. D. , Dhumale D. R. , Dudhare M. S. , Jadhav P. V. , Moharil M. P.
Published: June 2023

Aim: The primary aim of the present study was to screen the salt tolerant calli and optimization of   in-vitro regeneration protocol from selected screen calli.

Methodology: The cotyledonary leaf explants was sterilized by using 1% Bavistin, 0.1% Mercuric chloride and 70% ethanol followed by washing with distilled water. Sterilized explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentration of NaCl (i.e. 0, 50mM, 100mM, 200mM, 300 mM and 400 mM) to check the salinity tolerance ability of PKV pink genotype. In vitro screening of callus was studied by morphological characters like colour and texture of callus, callus growth percentage, relative water contained, cell survivility and proline content from saline stress and unstress calli to confirm the saline tolerance pressure to regenerate the PKV Pink safflower genotype.

Results: MS medium supplemented with 150 mM NaCl showed 50% survival of calli, whereas no growth was obtained in high concentration of NaCl. Moreover, biochemical assay like proline estimation was done for its confirmation from different NaCl stress and unstress calli. The proline accumulation found to be highest callus grown on MS media supplemented with 150 mM NaCl as compared to control. Also studied the morphological observation i.e. colour and texture of calli, callus growth percentage, relative water content and cell viability under different NaCl stress to select the saline tolerance pressure to regenerate the tolerance line in PKV Pink. The saline tolerance shoots failed to produce in vitro rooting on the standardized rooting medium. So, the different approach like higher auxin shock and grafting experiment were attempted to overcome the rooting problem. Higher auxin shock experiment failed but grafting approach found satisfactory to overcome the rooting in saline tolerance shoot and for development of saline tolerance line in PKV Pink safflower genotype.

Conclusion: The development of abiotic stress tolerance plants found the better understanding of physiological and biochemical changes in plants under in vitro stress conditions.
A Review on Revolutionary Strategy for Crop Improvement: Genome Editing
Authors: Vaghela Unnati , Sonagara Mayur Kumar , Pratibha  , Yadav Ankit
Published: June 2023

Genome editing technology revolutionized crop improvement technology through sequence-specific, precise, site-directed, safe genetic manipulation and combat the major 21st century challenge such as achieving world food security meeting rising global food demand and improving food nutrition in the face of rapidly changing climate conditions. Crop improvement using conventional and molecular breeding approaches takes time, causing biosafety concerns and cannot equipoise with raising demand. Genome editing system like zinc finger nuclease (ZFN), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) made a desirable targeted modification in crops for improving crop yield, nutraceutical quality and also enhance tolerance to environmental stress (biotic or abiotic) through add the desirable trait(s) and remove the undesirable. Genome manipulation tools progression creates new breakthroughs and speeds up crop improvement through site-directed mutagenesis efficiently for crop improvements to meet the ever-increasing global demand for food and produce more resilient crop with great flexibility to combat climate change.
Rapid Assessment of Rind Hardness in Sugarcane and Its Association with Biochemical Traits
Authors: Kumar R. Arun , Hemaprabha G. , Vasantha S. , Arumuganathan T. , Hari K. , Senthilkumar T. , Sadvatha R. H. , Ambrose Dawn C. P. , Manikandan C. , Lakshmi K. , Suresha G. , Govindaraj P. , Sreenivasa V. , Palaniswami C. , Gomathi R. , Appunu C. , Mahesh P. , Yogambal C. , Krishnapriya V. , Tayade A. S. , Alagupalamuthirsolai M. , Vinayaka
Published: June 2023

Rind hardness in sugarcane plays a major role in lodging resistance, and internode borer resistance,screening of sugarcane for rind hardness is essential for reducing yield loss. In order to identify the suitability of soil penetrometer for rapid rind hardness measurement, the rind hardness testing was carried out in two sugarcane clones of different rind hardness variability viz., Co 13003 (hard rind type) and Co 14002 (soft rind type). The investigation was carried out by three methods viz., pendulum type impact test rig, texture analyzer,and soil penetrometer and theresults revealed that thehard rind type Co 13003 sugarcane clone was observed with significantly greater hardness. Significant correlation between the three methods for the rind hardness trait and among the three methods the soil penetrometer method of determination of rind hardness is easy and rapid. Two-way hierarchical cluster analysis of studied biochemical traits has revealed a better classification of hard-rinded and soft-rind sugarcane clones. The Co 13003 was recorded as least susceptible to borers with high rind hardness (>200 psi), along with better fibre. The NG 77 a hard rind type clone was also observed with high lignin compared to soft rind Gungera.
POLÍTICAS LINGUÍSTICAS NO ÂMBITO DO MERCOSUL EDUCACIONAL
Authors: Ribeiro de Souza Ayrton
Published: June 2023

O objetivo do presente artigo é analisar as políticas linguísticas regionais de integração no âmbito educativo entre os Estados Membros do Mercado Comum do Sul (Mercosul), com destaque para a promoção do idioma espanhol no Brasil. Para atingir este objetivo, a metodologia utilizada foi a análise das normas jurídicas do bloco mais relevantes neste aspecto: o Protocolo de Intenções (1991); o Acordo de admissão de títulos, certificados e diplomas para o exercício da docência do espanhol e do português como línguas estrangeiras nos Estados Membros (2005); assim como a estrutura orgânica e principais atividades do Setor Educacional do Mercosul (SEM) na direção do apoio ao ensino do idioma espanhol no Brasil. O presente estudo permitiu observar que a aplicação da Lei Federal Nº 11.161/2005, recebeu importante contribuição do Mercosul para sua implementação no país através da normativa específica do bloco para a integração educacional.
PANORAMA DO CASTELHANO BOLIVIANO NA FRONTEIRA BOLÍVIA-BRASIL
Authors: Mancilla Barreda Suzana Vinicia , Garcia Marquez Katiusca Eliana
Published: June 2023

O objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o castelhano boliviano, contrastando as variedades colla e camba presentes na fronteira Puerto Quijarro (Bolívia) e Corumbá (Brasil). Trata-se de um estudo linguístico que se inicia com uma breve  história das variedades do castelhano boliviano, nos aspectos fonético e morfológico, as mesmas que estão invisibilizadas no âmbito  educativo fronteiriço mencionado, embora estejam presentes no falar dos alunos de origem boliviana que frequentam as escolas brasileiras. Callisaya Apaza (2012), Coello Vila (1996), e Mendoza Quiroga (2015) balizam os estudos sobre o castelhano boliviano. Franco e Gottret (2022), Sanabria Fernández (2008) e Roca (2007) contribuem com os estudos sobre o castelhano colla e camba. Esse último encontra-se materializado no ramo publicitário e nas redes sociais, entre outros meios que, por vezes, utilizam a linguagem coloquial na comunicação com o público alvo. Neste trabalho são expostos exemplos veiculados em uma rede social.
THE THIRTY YEARS OF MERCOSUL AND THE TEACHING OF SPANISH IN BRAZIL
Authors: Pinto Carlos Felipe , Bugel Talia
Published: June 2023

This text is the presentation of this special issue.
Evidence of Lack of Treatment Efficacy Derived From Statistically Nonsignificant Results of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Perneger Thomas , Gayet-Ageron Angèle
Published: June 2023

Importance

Many randomized clinical trials yield statistically nonsignificant results. Such results are difficult to interpret within the dominant statistical framework.

Objective

To estimate the strength of evidence in favor of the null hypothesis of no effect vs the prespecified effectiveness hypothesis among nonsignificant primary outcome results of randomized clinical trials by application of the likelihood ratio.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Cross-sectional study of statistically nonsignificant results for primary outcomes of randomized clinical trials published in 6 leading general medical journals in 2021.

Outcome measures

The likelihood ratio for the null hypothesis of no effect vs the effectiveness hypothesis stated in the trial protocol (alternate hypothesis). The likelihood ratio quantifies the support that the data provide to one hypothesis vs the other.

Results

In 130 articles that reported 169 statistically nonsignificant results for primary outcomes, 15 results (8.9%) favored the alternate hypothesis (likelihood ratio, <1), and 154 (91.1%) favored the null hypothesis of no effect (likelihood ratio, >1). For 117 (69.2%), the likelihood ratio exceeded 10; for 88 (52.1%), it exceeded 100; and for 50 (29.6%), it exceeded 1000. Likelihood ratios were only weakly correlated withPvalues (Spearmanr, 0.16;P = .045).

Conclusions

A large proportion of statistically nonsignificant primary outcome results of randomized clinical trials provided strong support for the hypothesis of no effect vs the alternate hypothesis of clinical efficacy stated a priori. Reporting the likelihood ratio may improve the interpretation of clinical trials, particularly when observed differences in the primary outcome are statistically nonsignificant.
Screening for Depression and Suicide Risk in Adults
Authors: Jin Jill
Published: June 2023

This JAMA Patient Page describes the pros and cons of screening for depression and suicide risk in adults.
Evaluating the PEN-FAST Clinical Decision-making Tool to Enhance Penicillin Allergy Delabeling
Authors: Su Chang , Belmont Ami , Liao Jane , Kuster John K. , Trubiano Jason A. , Kwah Jason H.
Published: June 2023

This cohort study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of PEN-FAST as a clinical decision-making tool to enhance penicillin allergy evaluation.
Trends, Distribution, and Impact of Pediatric Messages in a Large Health System From 2019 to 2021
Authors: Tang Maria C. , Martinez Kathryn A. , Rothberg Michael B. , Giuliano Kimberly , Pfoh Elizabeth R.
Published: June 2023

This cohort study assesses changes in the volume of medical advice messages between 2019 and 2021, variation among pediatricians, and the association of volume with time spent working on the electronic health record outside clinical hours.
Multi‐stakeholder participation for successful implementation of applied research projects in Africa
Authors: Mganga Kevin Z. , Kaindi Eric , Bosma Luwieke , Amollo Kevin O. , Munyoki Bobsammy , Kioko Theophilus , Kadenyi Nancy , Musyoki Gilbert K. , Wambua Stephen M. , Ndathi Aphaxard J. N. , van Steenbergen Frank , Musimba Nashon K. R.
Published: June 2023

Rainwater harvesting from Roads For Indigenous Pasture production and improved rural livelihoods in Kitui, Kenya (ROFIP) is an applied research project. It assessed the potential of combining multiple sustainable land management practices, for example native grass reseeding, rainwater harvesting from roads and in situ microcatchments to enhance vegetation cover in a semi‐arid dryland in Kenya.

Rural earth roads were used as a catchment. Runoff generated from rainfall events was diverted into reseeded pastures with trenches established at intervals, across a slope. The ROFIP project also integrated microcatchments created using ox‐driven ploughs, a traditional practice for seedbed preparation and harnessing in situ rainwater harvesting in African drylands.

Combining the diversion of runoff from roads and harvesting rainwater in situ improves and prolongs soil moisture availability in reseeded pastures. Consequently, this translated to higher biomass yields (i.e. forage for livestock) and vegetation cover (land degradation mitigation and enhanced soil health). This project clearly showed that combining rainwater harvesting and native pasture reseeding improves water retention and soil health, thus improving sustainable pasture production.

However, for this to be achieved, it is prudent to involve practitioners to co‐design practical solutions that are socially, economically and environmentally sustainable. Multi‐stakeholder engagement, effective knowledge sharing, and community involvement can be major enablers in the pursuit of environmental and socioeconomic relevant benefits in applied research projects in Africa. This approach enhances a sense of shared purpose among practitioners and empowers them to become points of reference to their peers.
Wrapping up Metal–Organic Framework Crystals with Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Lerma‐Berlanga Belén , M. Padial Natalia , Galbiati Marta , Brotons‐Alcázar Isaac , Albero Josep , García Hermenegildo , Forment‐Aliaga Alicia , Ganivet Carolina R. , Martí‐Gastaldo Carlos
Published: June 2023

The presence of tetrazine units in the organic nodes of UiO‐68‐TZCD controls the formation of ultrathin coatings of single‐wall nanotubes that decorate the surface of the crystal. These crystal hybrids can be prepared straightforwardly in one step and are extraordinarily respectful with the properties of the framework for combination of mesoporosity and surface areas ≈4.000 m2 g−1, with excellent stability in water, and conductivities at room temperature of 4 × 10−2 S cm−1 even at very low carbon weight contents (2.3 wt.%).
Sublingual Dissolving Microneedle (SLDMN)‐Based Vaccine for Inducing Mucosal Immunity against SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Kim Youseong , Park In Ho , Shin Jiwoo , Choi Jaibyung , Jeon Chansol , Jeon Seonghun , Shin Jeon‐Soo , Jung Hyungil
Published: June 2023

The coronavirus pandemic has accelerated the development of next‐generation vaccination technology to combat future pandemic outbreaks. Mucosal vaccination effectively protects the mucosal surfaces, the primary sites of viral entry, by inducing the secretion of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and humoral IgG. Here, a dissolving microneedle (DMN) is adopted as a mucosal vaccine delivery platform to directly penetrate the sublingual site, which is rich in antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) and lymphoid tissues. The sublingual dissolving microneedle (SLDMN) vaccination platform comprised a micropillar‐based compartment and a 3D‐printed SLDMN applicator as a substitute for the DMN patch. The penetration efficacy of SLDMNs is assessed using in vitro optical coherence tomography (OCT) and in vivo histological analysis. The efficacy of SLDMN is also evaluated in a vaccine form using the recombinant spike (S1) protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Furthermore, SLDMN is used to challenge transgenic mice expressing human angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) receptors. Its effects are evaluated on antibody production, survival rate, and inflammation attenuation after infection compared to the intramuscular (IM) injections. Overall, SLDMN effectively induced mucosal immunity via IgA secretion, attenuated lung inflammation, and lowered the levels of cytokines and chemokines, which may prevent the “cytokine storm” after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
NbTe4 Phase‐Change Material: Breaking the Phase‐Change Temperature Balance in 2D Van der Waals Transition‐Metal Binary Chalcogenide
Authors: Shuang Yi , Chen Qian , Kim Mihyeon , Wang Yinli , Saito Yuta , Hatayama Shogo , Fons Paul , Ando Daisuke , Kubo Momoji , Sutou Yuji
Published: June 2023

2D van der Waals (vdW) transition metal di‐chalcogenides (TMDs) have garnered significant attention in the nonvolatile memory field for their tunable electrical properties, scalability, and potential for phase engineering. However, their complex switching mechanism and complicated fabrication methods pose challenges for mass production. Sputtering is a promising technique for large‐area 2D vdW TMD fabrication, but the high melting point (typically Tm > 1000 °C) of TMDs requires elevated temperatures for good crystallinity. This study focuses on the low‐Tm 2D vdW TM tetra‐chalcogenides and identifies NbTe4 as a promising candidate with an ultra‐low Tm of around 447 °C (onset temperature). As‐grown NbTe4 forms an amorphous phase upon deposition that can be crystallized by annealing at temperatures above 272 °C. The simultaneous presence of a low Tm and a high crystallization temperature Tc can resolve important issues facing current phase‐change memory compounds, such as high Reset energies and poor thermal stability of the amorphous phase. Therefore, NbTe4 holds great promise as a potential solution to these issues.
Promises of Plasmonic Antenna‐Reactor Systems in Gas‐Phase CO2 Photocatalysis
Authors: Zhu Zhijie , Tang Rui , Li Chaoran , An Xingda , He Le
Published: June 2023

Sunlight‐driven photocatalytic CO2 reduction provides intriguing opportunities for addressing the energy and environmental crises faced by humans. The rational combination of plasmonic antennas and active transition metal‐based catalysts, known as “antenna‐reactor” (AR) nanostructures, allows the simultaneous optimization of optical and catalytic performances of photocatalysts, and thus holds great promise for CO2 photocatalysis. Such design combines the favorable absorption, radiative, and photochemical properties of the plasmonic components with the great catalytic potentials and conductivities of the reactor components. In this review, recent developments of photocatalysts based on plasmonic AR systems for various gas‐phase CO2 reduction reactions with emphasis on the electronic structure of plasmonic and catalytic metals, plasmon‐driven catalytic pathways, and the role of AR complex in photocatalytic processes are summarized. Perspectives in terms of challenges and future research in this area are also highlighted.
Mechanical Intelligent Energy Harvesting: From Methodology to Applications
Authors: Zhao Lin‐Chuan , Zou Hong‐Xiang , Wei Ke‐Xiang , Zhou Sheng‐Xi , Meng Guang , Zhang Wen‐Ming
Published: June 2023

The Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) connects everything with intelligence, while the increase in energy consumption generated by numerous electronic devices puts forward an impending demand on the power supply. Energy harvesting technology has emerged as a compelling innovation technology for the net zero emissions of the power supply for the AIoT. Although significant advances have been witnessed in energy harvesting, some issues such as poor electrical output, weak environmental adaptability, and low reliability are difficult to satisfactorily resolve. Mechanical intelligent energy harvesting can be defined as the system identifying the external excitation or its own state and reacting to it, rather than relying on electrical sensing elements or a central controller for certain adaptive or programmed functions. The adaptive and programmed functions exhibit great potential in solving the above‐mentioned issues that seriously restrict the development of the energy harvesting technology. Here, a generalized definition of mechanical intelligent energy harvesting is given critically and the design methodology is elaborated. The typical reported energy harvesting systems with the characteristics of mechanical intelligence are reviewed. The key research directions in mechanical intelligent energy harvesting are discussed. The mechanical intelligence is expected to revolutionize the development of the energy‐harvesting technology and pave the way for applications.
Fit‐Fat Index is better associated with heart rate variability compared to fitness and fatness alone as indicators of cardiometabolic human health
Authors: Navarro‐Lomas Ginés , Plaza‐Florido Abel , De‐la‐O Alejandro , Castillo Manuel J. , Amaro‐Gahete Francisco J.
Published: June 2023

Objectives

Cardiorespiratory fitness and fatness indicators have been related to heart rate variability (HRV) parameters. The Fit‐Fat Index (FFI) is a single index combining cardiorespiratory fitness and fatness indicators. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have previously analyzed whether FFI are related to cardiac autonomic nervous system activity assessed through HRV parameters. This study aimed (i) to examine the association of cardiorespiratory fitness, fatness indicators, and FFI with HRV parameters; and (ii) to report what of the different fatness indicators included in FFI is better associated with HRV parameters in sedentary adults.

Methods

One hundred and fifty healthy adults (74 women; 76 men), aged between 18 and 65 years old, participated in this cross‐sectional study. We measured cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen consumption) and fatness indicators (waist‐to‐height ratio [WHR], fat mass percentage [FM%] and visceral adipose tissue [VAT]). Three FFIs were calculated as the quotient between cardiorespiratory fitness and one out of three possible fatness indicators: Fit‐Fat Index calculated waist‐to‐height ratio (FFIWHR), Fit‐Fat Index calculated with FM% (FFIFM%), and Fit‐Fat Index calculated with VAT (FFIVAT). HRV parameters were measured in resting conditions using a Polar RS800CX.

Results

FFIWTHR, FFIFM% and FFIVAT were related to different HRV parameters (β ranges between −0.507 and 0.529; R2 ranges between 0.096 and 0.275; all p < .001) and the association was stronger with HRV parameters than the isolated fitness or fatness indicators (β ranges between −0.483 and 0.518; R2 ranges between 0.071 and 0.263; all p < .001). FFIVAT was the index more consistently associated with HRV parameters (β ranges between −0.507 and 0.529; R2 ranges between 0.235 and 0.275; all p < .001).

Conclusion

Our study suggests that compound FFIs are better predictors of HRV parameters than either cardiorespiratory fitness or fatness indicators alone. The FFIVAT was the best index in terms of its association to HRV.
Assessing diagnostic certainty for scurvy and rickets in human skeletal remains
Authors: Brickley Megan B. , Morgan Brianne
Published: June 2023

Objectives

Identifying scurvy and rickets has important implications for understanding adaptations and variability among past communities, and bioarchaeologists now regularly evaluate these conditions. Due to the increased number of studies, cases with less clear‐cut lesions and variable preservation are now frequently reported. Despite an improved understanding of the biological mechanisms for disease expression, there is a lack of consensus on the language used to express diagnostic certainty, limiting comparability. This article aims to address these issues and provide recommendations on more consistent diagnostic terminology using widely accepted diagnostic methodology based on biological mechanisms.

Materials and Methods

We review diagnostic terms used in bioarchaeology by considering published cases of rickets, scurvy and co‐occurrence alongside M.B.B.'s past project notes. We also consider differences in the diagnosis of rickets and scurvy in living and archeological individuals.

Results

We provide recommendations on a framework that can be used to show diagnostic certainty in cases of rickets, scurvy, and co‐occurrence. Core lesions of rickets and scurvy are used alongside a limited lexicon of diagnostic terminology based on the Istanbul protocol.

Discussion

It is not the number of lesions that determines whether an individual is assigned to a particular diagnosis category, but rather the range and expression of lesions present. Avoiding a “tick‐list” approach to core lesions of these diseases will be critical to ensure that identifying rickets and scurvy continues to contribute to understanding adaptations and variability among past communities. The framework allows more consistency in diagnostic certainty, facilitating greater comparability in research.
An Extracellular miRNA‐Responsive Artificial Receptor via Dynamic DNA Nano‐assembly for Biomarker‐Driven Therapy
Authors: He Fang , Wang Meixia , Wang Jieyu , Wang Hong‐Hui , Nie Zhou
Published: June 2023

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as promising diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in various diseases. However, there is currently a lack of molecular strategies that can effectively use disease‐associated extracellular miRNAs as input signals to drive therapeutic functions. Herein, we present a modular and programmable miRNA‐responsive chimeric DNA receptor (miRNA‐CDR) capable of biomarker‐driven therapy. By grafting a miRNA‐responsive DNA nanodevice on a natural membrane receptor via aptamer anchoring, miRNA‐CDR can sense extracellular miRNA levels and autonomously induce dimerization‐mediated receptor activation via the complementary‐mediated strand displacement reaction‐induced dynamic DNA assembly. The sequence programmability of miRNA‐CDR allows it to sense and respond to a user‐defined miRNA with tunable sensitivity. Moreover, the miRNA‐CDR is versatile and customizable to reprogram desirable signaling output via adapting a designated receptor, such as MET and FGFR1. Using a mouse model of drug‐induced acute liver injury (DILI), we demonstrate the functionality of a designer miRNA‐CDR in rewiring the recognition of the DILI‐elevated miR‐122 to promote MET signaling of hepatocytes for biomarker‐driven in situ repair and liver function restoration. Our synthetic miRNA‐CDR platform provides a novel molecular device enabling biomarker‐driven therapeutic cellular response, potentially paving the way for improving the precision of cell therapy in regenerative medicine.
Perovskite Films Regulation via Hydrogen‐Bonded Polymer Network for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Xu Yumeng , Guo Xing , Lin Zhenhua , Wang Qingrui , Su Jie , Zhang Jincheng , Hao Yue , Yang Keke , Chang Jingjing
Published: June 2023

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are considered as a promising photovoltaic technology due to their high efficiency and low cost. However, their long‐term stability, mechanical durability, and environmental risks are still unable to meet practical needs. To overcome these issues, we designed a multifunctional elastomer with abundant hydrogen bonds and carbonyl groups. The chemical bonding between polymer and perovskite could increase the growth activation energy of perovskite film and promote the preferential growth of high‐quality perovskite film. Owing to the low defect density and gradient energy‐level alignment, the corresponding device exhibited a champion efficiency of 23.10 %. Furthermore, due to the formation of the hydrogen‐bonded polymer network in the perovskite film, the target devices demonstrated excellent air stability and enhanced flexibility for the flexible PSCs. More importantly, the polymer network could coordinate with Pb2+ ions, immobilizing lead atoms to reduce their release into the environment. This strategy paves the way for the industrialization of high‐performance flexible PSCs.
Direkte Regioselektive Dehydrierung von α‐Substituierten Cyclischen Ketonen
Authors: Schwengers Sebastian Armin , Gerosa Gabriela Guillermina , Amatov Tynchtyk , Yasukawa Naoki , Brunen Sebastian , Leutzsch Markus , Mitschke Benjamin , Shevchenko Grigory André , List Benjamin
Published: June 2023

Wir berichten über eine hochregioselektive, katalytische einstufige Dehydrierung von α‐substituierten cyclischen Ketonen in Gegenwart von 2,3‐Dichlorbenzo‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzochinon (DDQ). Die exzellente Regioselektivität beruht auf einer Phosphorsäure‐katalysierten Enolisierung, die selektiv das thermodynamisch bevorzugte Enol liefert. Die anschließende Oxidation ermöglicht einen zuverlässigen Zugang zu mehreren α‐Aryl‐ und α‐Alkyl‐substituierten α,β‐ungesättigten Ketonen.
14.31 % Power Conversion Efficiency of Sn‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells via Efficient Reduction of Sn4+
Authors: Wang Liang , Miao Qingqing , Wang Dandan , Chen Mengmeng , Bi Huan , Liu Jiaqi , Baranwal Ajay Kumar , Kapil Gaurav , Sanehira Yoshitaka , Kitamura Takeshi , Ma Tingli , Zhang Zheng , Shen Qing , Hayase Shuzi
Published: June 2023

The photoelectric properties of nontoxic Sn‐based perovskite make it a promising alternative to toxic Pb‐based perovskite. It has superior photovoltaic performance in comparison to other Pb‐free counterparts. The facile oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+ presents a notable obstacle in the advancement of perovskite solar cells that utilize Sn, as it adversely affects their stability and performance. The study revealed the presence of a Sn4+ concentration on both the upper and lower surfaces of the perovskite layer. This discovery led to the adoption of a bi‐interface optimization approach. A thin layer of Sn metal was inserted at the two surfaces of the perovskite layer. The implementation of this intervention yielded a significant decrease in the levels of Sn4+ and trap densities. The power conversion efficiency of the device was achieved at 14.31 % through the optimization of carrier transportation. The device exhibited operational and long‐term stability.
Designs of Tandem Catalysts and Cascade Catalytic Systems for CO2 Upgrading
Authors: Zheng Wanzhen , Yang Xiaoxuan , Li Zhongjian , Yang Bin , Zhang Qinghua , Lei Lecheng , Hou Yang
Published: June 2023

Upgrading CO2 into multi‐carbon (C2+) compounds through the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) offers a practical approach to mitigate atmospheric CO2 while simultaneously producing high value chemicals. The reaction pathways for C2+ production involve multi‐step proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) and C−C coupling processes. By increasing the surface coverage of adsorbed protons (*Had) and *CO intermediates, the reaction kinetics of PCET and C−C coupling can be accelerated, thereby promoting C2+ production. However, *Had and *CO are competitively adsorbed intermediates on monocomponent catalysts, making it difficult to break the linear scaling relationship between the adsorption energies of the *Had/*CO intermediate. Recently, tandem catalysts consisting of multicomponents have been developed to improve the surface coverage of *Had or *CO by enhancing water dissociation or CO2‐to‐CO production on auxiliary sites. In this context, we provide a comprehensive overview of the design principles of tandem catalysts based on reaction pathways for C2+ products. Moreover, the development of cascade CO2RR catalytic systems that integrate CO2RR with downstream catalysis has expanded the range of potential CO2 upgrading products. Therefore, we also discuss recent advancements in cascade CO2RR catalytic systems, highlighting the challenges and perspectives in these systems.
Blending Low‐Frequency Vibrations and Push–Pull Effects Affords Superior Photoacoustic Imaging Agents
Authors: Yu Le , Abbas Abedi Syed Ali , Lee Jeongjin , Xu Yunjie , Son Subin , Chi Weijie , Li Mingle , Liu Xiaogang , Park Jae Hyung , Kim Jong Seung
Published: June 2023

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI), a state‐of‐the‐art noninvasive in vivo imaging technique, has been widely used in clinical disease diagnosis. However, the design of high‐performance PAI agents with three key characteristics, i.e., near‐infrared (NIR) absorption (λabs>800 nm), intense PA signals, and excellent photostability, remains a challenging goal. Herein, we present a facile but effective approach for engineering PAI agents by amplifying intramolecular low‐frequency vibrations and enhancing the push‐pull effect. As a demonstration of this blended approach, we constructed a PAI agent (BDP1‐NEt2) based on the boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY) scaffold. Compared with indocyanine green (ICG, an FDA‐approved organic dye widely utilized in PAI studies; λabs=788 nm), BDP1‐NEt2 exhibited a UV/Vis‐NIR spectrum peaked at 825 nm, superior in vivo PA signal intensity and outstanding stability to offer improved tumor diagnostics. We believe this work provides a promising strategy to develop the next generation of PAI agents.