bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lean and industry 4.0 principles toward industry 5.0: a conceptual framework and empirical insights from fashion industry
Authors: Fani Virginia , Bucci Ilaria , Rossi Monica , Bandinelli Romeo
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Examining synergies between Lean, Industry 4.0, and Industry 5.0 principles, the aim is to showcase how Lean's focus on people enhances Industry 5.0 implementations, leading to the development of the Lean 5.0 paradigm. In addition, insights from artisanal industries, like the fashion one, are specifically collected.

Design/methodology/approach

First, a literature review was conducted to define a comprehensive framework to understand how Lean fits into the Human-Centric (HC) paradigm of Industry 5.0. Second, a case study was employed to give empirical insights and identify practical initiatives that brands can pursue, involving two best-in-class leather goods brands located in Italy.

Findings

A conceptual framework to pave the way for new paradigm Lean 5.0 was defined and validated through a case study. To path the way for a case study in the fashion industry, the Lean HC paradigm is detailed into domains and related categories to group practices. The empirical insights demonstrate that Lean HC actions can be effectively supported by Industry 4.0 technologies in traditional sectors like the fashion industry, shifting towards Industry 5.0.

Practical implications

The proposed framework and related practices can be used by companies to facilitate their transition towards Industry 5.0, leveraging on Lean Manufacturing.

Originality/value

The innovative contribution of the present work mainly refers to the proposed conceptual framework, encompassing Lean, HC and Industry 4.0 and introducing Lean 5.0 paradigm. The case study enriches the empirical contributions in the fashion industry.
Authentic leadership – a source of tacit knowledge sharing and career competence in service sector
Authors: Yasin Raheel , Ribeiro Neuza , Atif Muhammad , Ali Ayesha
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to examine the correlation between authentic leadership and career competence, exploring the mediating roles of tacit knowledge sharing and employee service innovative behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected using convenience sampling and a time-lagged design from the Pakistani banking sector. The time-lagged design was employed to gather data at two different points in time. SPSS statistical software was used for descriptive analysis, and hypotheses were tested using Mplus.

Findings

The results demonstrate that authentic leadership has a significant positive impact on tacit knowledge sharing. This knowledge sharing, in turn, positively impacts employee service innovative behavior, which subsequently enhances career competence. Furthermore, tacit knowledge sharing mediates the relationship between authentic leadership and employee service innovative behavior.

Social implications

This study has social implications for organizations aiming to align their inclusive goals with societal needs. The findings can help foster a culture of knowledge sharing, thereby contributing to societal innovation.

Originality/value

This study provides valuable insights into how authentic leadership contributes to career competence, thus enriching the existing literature on this topic.
Insights into quality professionals' adoption of Quality 4.0 in the high-tech industry
Authors: Rogala Piotr , Brzozowski Tomasz , Pankowska Malgorzata Bogumila
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This paper examines the factors influencing the adoption of Quality 4.0 technologies by quality professionals. The study evaluates perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude towards use, and intention to use new technologies.

Design/methodology/approach

The research involves a literature review, identification of latent variables derived from the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and a survey conducted among 200 quality professionals in the high-tech sector using computer-assisted web interviews.

Findings

The study elucidates the attitudes and intentions of high-tech industry employees towards adopting Quality 4.0 technologies. The primary conclusion drawn is that the predominant factor shaping the attitude of quality professionals towards new technologies is their confidence in their ability to effectively engage with these technologies rather than solely the perceived usefulness of such technologies to themselves or their organization.

Research limitations/implications

This study is subject to certain limitations. Firstly, it focuses on five variables identified in the TAM model, potentially overlooking other pertinent factors that could provide a more comprehensive understanding. Secondly, the analysis of Quality 4.0 technologies is presented in a generalized manner, possibly resulting in nuanced differences if each specific technology were examined individually.

Originality/value

This article fills a gap in the literature by identifying the factors influencing quality professionals' adoption of Quality 4.0 technologies and delineating the relationships between these factors.
Climate and genome size shape the intraspecific variation in ecological adaptive strategies of a cosmopolitan grass species
Authors: Guo Wen‐Yong , Čuda Jan , Skálová Hana , Lambertini Carla , Pierce Simon , Lučanová Magdalena , Brix Hans , Meyerson Laura A. , Pyšek Petr
Published: July 2024

Intraspecific trait variation, essential to Darwin's mechanism of natural selection, has been widely examined for single characters. However, intraspecific variation of adaptive strategies which represent trade‐offs among multiple functional traits has received less attention, particularly for species that are globally distributed or invasive. Grime's competitor, stress tolerator and ruderal (CSR) scheme, well validated in the context of alien species invasions, provides both the theory and quantitative methodology to investigate adaptive strategies.

Here, we quantified the intraspecific CSR strategy scores of a worldwide collection of 89 Phragmites australis genotypes which were cultivated in a common garden. We assessed the relationships between intraspecific variation in CSR strategy scores, genome size and climate of origin and tested whether the invasive and native lineages differ in CSR strategies.

Substantial variation in intraspecific adaptive strategy, characterized mainly in C‐ and S‐selection, was observed. As expected, C‐, S‐ and R‐scores showed clear latitudinal clines and were strongly related to either genome size or climate of origin. Furthermore, invasive lineages were more stress adapted than native lineages.

We conclude that the adaptive strategy of this perennial wetland grass varies globally, and its genotypes are surprisingly more stress tolerant in the invaded range where it was first detected ~150 years ago.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
GREEN INFORMALITIES AS SOCIALLY JUST ECOLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURE: Enduring with Dignity at the Edges of Resilient Development in Dhaka
Authors: Huq Efadul
Published: July 2024

Ecological infrastructure and urban agriculture are enacting a green resurgence in cities. In the global South, however, ecological infrastructure is often premised on erasing already existing informal agricultural practices (green informalities) and leads to the displacement of marginalized urban dwellers. How, then, can ecological infrastructure be calibrated with the specific realities of the global South's green informalities? What other socially just modalities of infrastructure can be learned from the vantage point of informal settlements? Past urban scholarship has documented the crucial role of urban agriculture in addressing food insecurity and poverty in the global South, yet the symbolic, collective and political dimensions of agricultural practices are absent from these accounts. Drawing from critical urban scholarship and feminist political ecology, and based on engaged research with a collective of urban farmers facing eviction, I argue that green informalities bring together dwellers and plants in an intimate entanglement in the everyday gendered politics of endurability and collective power‐building at the settlement level. The article illustrates that the informal economic and political practices that constitute these green informalities are crucial for understanding grassroots practices vis‐à‐vis urban environments. Recognizing the political and affective dimensions of green informalities can move urban studies and governance towards a situated appreciation of informal urban agriculture as socially just ecological infrastructure that centers justice and dweller agency.
Analyzing the non‐linear association between natural resources, remittances, and ecological footprint: An analysis of Bangladesh's environmental decline
Authors: Ali Minhaj , Ali Kishwar
Published: July 2024

There is a growing global concern about the challenges of sustainable development. Furthermore, these concerns are becoming increasingly prevalent in Bangladesh on a daily basis. This may be attributed to the escalating influx of remittances, the degradation of natural resources, and the potential adverse impacts of economic growth on the ecosystem. Thus, this research looks at how remittances (REM) and natural resources (NR) affect the ecological footprint (EFP) in Bangladesh by controlling economic growth (EG), renewable energy (REN), and urbanization (URB) from 1990 to 2021. The study utilizes the linear and non‐linear autoregressive distributed lag model to test the relationships between REM and NR on EFP. Positive and negative shocks to REM and NR have varied consequences on EFP, which suggests an asymmetric relationship. The findings reveal that the impact of the positive shock on NR is positive and significant. It implies that an increase in the positive shock of NR causes a rise in EFP. However, the impact of the negative shock on NR is negative but statistically insignificant. Likewise, negative shock in REM decreases the EFP by increasing ecological quality, while positive shock in REM does not significantly impact EFP. Similarly, REN and URB improve the environmental quality in Bangladesh while EG decreases. To meet sustainable development goals, policies can be designed for proficient and ecologically friendly types of energy.
The antibiotic resistance crisis and the development of new antibiotics
Authors: Brüssow Harald
Published: July 2024

The Global Burden of Disease report of 2019 estimated 14 million infection‐related deaths, making it the second leading cause of death after ischaemic heart disease. Bacterial pathogens accounted for 7.7 million deaths and deaths attributable to bacterial antibiotic resistance amounted to 1.3 million, describing a clear demand for novel antibiotics. Antibiotic development had its golden age in 1930–1960. Following failures in the screening of chemical libraries for novel antibiotics at the beginning of this century, the high cost of launching new antibiotics (estimated at US$ 1.4 billion per registered drug) and difficulties in achieving a return of investment for novel antibiotics, pharmaceutical industry has mostly left the field. The current Lilliput review analyses the question whether scientific or economic hurdles prevented the registration of new antibiotics. Scientifically, substantial progress has been achieved over recent years to define the chemical properties needed to overcome the permeation barrier in Gram‐negative pathogens; in extending the chemical space of antibiotic candidates by full modular synthesis of suitable molecules; by extending bioprospecting to previously ‘unculturable’ bacteria or unusual bacteria; by attacking bacterial targets on the outer bacterial membrane; and by looking for support from structural biology, genomics, molecular genetics, phylogenetic analyses and deep machine learning approaches. However, these research activities were mostly conducted by academic researchers and biotech companies with limited financial resources. It thus seems that the development of new antibiotics, frequently described as the drying of the pipeline, is less limited by lack of scientific insight than by lack of the mobilization of the monetary resources needed to bring these discoveries to the market despite recent financial push and pull efforts of the public sector.
Advancing social insect research through the development of an automated yellowjacket nest activity monitoring station using deep learning
Authors: Martínez Andrés S. , Dreidemie Carola , Inchaurza Fernan , Cucurull Agustin , Basti Marian , Masciocchi Maité
Published: July 2024

We describe the development and validation of an autonomous monitoring station that identifies and records the movement of social insects into and out of the colony.

The hardware consists of an illuminated channel and a fixed camera to capture the wasps' activities. An ad hoc post‐processing software was developed to identify the direction of movement and caste of the recorded individuals.

Validation results indicate that the model can detect with high levels of accuracy the presence of workers, drones and gynes, whereas direction of movement is accurate only for workers and drones, but not for gynes. Further development of the software and hardware should enable higher levels of accuracy, especially in terms of the direction of movement of reproductive individuals.

This innovative tool holds immense potential for advancing ecological and behavioural research by providing researchers with rapid and easily accessible data.

Understanding the activity patterns of individual wasps within the colony can yield valuable insights into factors influencing their growth, foraging patterns and the behaviour of reproductive individuals. Ultimately, this information can be incorporated into effective management plans for controlling harmful social insect populations in both ecological and productive systems.
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease increases the risk of biochemical recurrence in high‐grade metastatic prostate cancer patients
Authors: Zhang Hongyi , Yang Wenbo , Zhang Bin , Wu Jiahui , Zhang Wei , Wang Zhenlong , Cui Jie
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been reported to be helpful to identify high‐risk individuals of developing prostate cancer. Our aim is to investigate the relationship between NAFLD and biochemical recurrence in metastatic prostate cancer patients.

Methods

We retrospectively investigated 602 patients with metastatic prostate cancer receiving the androgen deprivation therapy. Liver fat was estimated with liver‐to‐spleen ratio by computed tomography (CT) scans. The relationship between NAFLD and biochemical recurrence was investigated with Cox models. The model for biochemical recurrence was adjusted for multiple variables.

Results

NAFLD was significantly associated with biochemical recurrence in patients with Gleason score ≥4+3 when adjusting for each of body mass index (hazards ratio [HR] = 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08–1.77; p = 0.01), visceral adipose tissue (HR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.07–1.74; p = 0.01), hypertension (HR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.10–1.80; p = 0.01), and diabetes mellitus (HR = 1.42; 95% CI = 1.11–1.82; p = 0.01), using age and prostate‐specific antigen level as potential confounder. The 2‐year biochemical recurrence rate in the Gleason score ≥4+3 patients with and without NAFLD was 84.0% (100/119) and 72.2% (130/180), respectively (p = 0.018). The median biochemical recurrence free survival of the Gleason score ≥4+3 patients with and without NAFLD were 17 and 21 months, respectively (p = 0.005).

Conclusions

NAFLD is an independent risk factor for biochemical recurrence in patients with high‐grade metastatic prostate cancer. If validated in prospective studies, future research should test whether treatment of NAFLD can lead to better prognosis.
Calibrating care: Family caregiving and the social weight of sympathy (tình cảm) in Vietnam
Authors: Gammeltoft Tine M.
Published: July 2024

This article explores family caregiving in Vietnamese households affected by type 2 diabetes. Drawing on existential phenomenology and on fieldwork conducted in northern Vietnam, I develop the concept of care calibrations as a tool to understand how family members respond socially and morally to the needs for care that diabetes confronts them with. The concept of care calibrations highlights how chronic care is undertaken as an ethical endeavor within domestic environments characterized by multiple care needs. The article explores how caregivers find their bearings in complex care situations by looking toward dominant moral standards while also adjusting pragmatically to the contingencies of domestic lives, placing themselves in others’ situations. On this ethnographic basis, the article calls for more sustained anthropological attention to the social implications of human capacities for sympathetic co‐living and particularly to the intermediate realm between selves and others where capacities for moral imagination reside.
Early findings in a randomised controlled trial on crosslinking protocols using isoosmolar and hypoosmolar riboflavin for the treatment of progressive keratoconus
Authors: Gustafsson Ingemar , Olafsdottir Thorbjörg , Neumann Olof , Johansson Per , Bizios Dimitrios , Ivarsen Anders , Hjortdal Jesper Ø.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

To present baseline characteristics and to present the perioperative corneal thickness during corneal crosslinking (CXL) treatment for progressive keratoconus and to describe how the addition of sterile water (SW) efficaciously can maintain the corneal thickness. The treatment efficacy will be evaluated when the 1‐year follow‐up is complete.

Methods

A randomised clinical study using epithelium‐off CXL with continuous UVA irradiation (9 mW/cm2) and two kinds of riboflavin solutions: (i) isoosmolar dextran‐based riboflavin (n = 27) and (ii) hypoosmolar dextran‐free riboflavin (n = 27). Inclusion criteria: progressive keratoconus with an increase in maximum keratometry value (Kmax) of 1.0 dioptre (12 months) or 0.5 dioptres (6 months). Corneae thinner than 400 μm were also included. Outcome parameters: Perioperative corneal thickness and the effect of adding SW.

Results

Seventy‐four per cent of the patients in the isoosmolar group and 15% in the hypoosmolar group required the addition of SW, which effectively maintained a corneal thickness of 400 μm in all cases during CXL. The addition of SW was primarily needed during the irradiation procedure and not the preoperative soaking period.

Conclusions

Especially during the CXL irradiation phase, isoosmolar riboflavin causes a significant dehydrating effect leading to corneal thinning during CXL. The customised addition of SW is efficacious in maintaining the corneal thickness during CXL and could increase the safety of the procedure.
Is the devil in the details? A qualitative exploration of differentiated mindsets during job search
Authors: Keating Lauren A. , Heslin Peter A.
Published: July 2024

The literature on mindsets about the plasticity of personal attributes is largely comprised of between‐person studies examining the self‐regulatory implications of fixed and growth mindsets. Less attention has been paid to whether mindsets differ at the within‐person level, such that individuals simultaneously hold differentiated mindsets about specific abilities. In the context of a looming job loss, we conducted a qualitative investigation into whether job seekers hold different mindsets regarding their job‐related networking, vacancy searching, interviewing, and negotiating abilities. Beyond the present study providing evidence of differentiated mindsets about abilities, it illustrates how qualitative methods can enable the detection of more nuance in mindsets than is currently captured in the almost universally quantitative mindset literature. These nuances include observations of how mindsets are deduced from one's experiences, the prevalence of mixed mindsets wherein individuals hold both fixed‐ and growth‐oriented views, and that self‐labeling is not only the province of fixed mindsets. Such insights have important implications for both updating assumptions about the ontology of mindsets, as well as for facilitating job seekers' engagement in various job search initiatives.
Effect of zamicastat on blood pressure and heart rate response to cold pressor test: A double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled study in healthy subjects
Authors: Fonseca Marlene , Ribeiro Cheila , Castilla‐Fernández Guillermo , Gama Helena , Magalhães Luís , Henriques Sara Carolina , Silva Nuno , Pinto Filipe , Almeida Luís , Soares‐da‐Silva Patrício
Published: July 2024

Aims

Dopamine beta‐hydroxylase (DβH) inhibitors, like zamicastat, hold promise for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension. This study aimed to validate the mechanism of action of zamicastat by studying its effect on the overdrive of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS).

Methods

A single‐centre, prospective, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, crossover study evaluated the effect of 400 mg zamicastat in 22 healthy male subjects. Cold pressor test (CPT) was performed at screening and each treatment period on Days −1 and 10. Plasma and 24 h‐urine levels of dopamine (DA), epinephrine (EPI) and norepinephrine (NE), and plasma DβH activity, were measured.

Results

Compared to placebo, zamicastat showed a − 4.62 mmHg decrease in systolic blood pressure during the cold stimulus vs. rest phases on Day 10 of CPT (P = .020). Zamicastat decreased mean arterial pressure response to cold stimulus during CPT (−2.62 mmHg; P = .025). At Day 10, zamicastat significantly increased plasma DA, before CPT (12.63 ng/L; P = .040) and after CPT (19.22 ng/L; P = .001) as well as the estimated plasma EPI change from baseline after CPT (P = .040). Inhibition of plasma DβH activity ranged from 19.8% to 25.0%. At Day 10, significant reductions in 24‐h urinary excretion of EPI (P = .002) and NE (P = .001) were observed. Zamicastat Cτ geometric mean ± GSD ranged from 45.86 ± 1.46 ng/mL on Day 3 to 58.64 ± 1.52 ng/mL on Day 10, with moderate inter‐individual variability (CV: 32.6%–36.6%). Steady state was already achieved on Day 6.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrated the effect of zamicastat on the overdrive sympathetic response to cold stimulus, confirming its potential as SNS modulator.
Geomorphological traits of landscapes in continental rifts—From fault‐elastic rebound to sedimentary sinks
Authors: Braathen Alvar , Midtkandal Ivar , Osmundsen Per Terje
Published: July 2024

We analyse 498 faults identified in satellite imagery and interpret the height and width of associated footwall ranges with respect to co‐seismic elastic rebound from tectonic and erosional unloading. The dynamics of footwall uplift link uplands to catchment patterns and interrelated hanging wall sedimentary fans. Height–length relations of some catchments and associated alluvial fans scale linearly whereas others, such as fault‐slope catchments and related down‐fault fans (building out from faults) show a significant scatter without an obvious trend. Perched basins abandoned in the footwalls of younger faults offer catchment‐fan height–length relations like watergap and dipslope‐related fans and, besides, hint at reduction of dip angle due to rollback of larger faults before abandonment. Analysis of the width‐to‐height ratio (W/h) of footwall ranges offer a robust linear statistical trend, h = 0.06 W and is identical between datasets. This trend is valid for both arid and tropical rifts, the latter offering smaller rebounds. Contributions of elastic rebound on fault throw in our data are simplistically considered through comparison to global trends on fault length versus throw. This allows consideration around maximum throw (Tmax) linked to the maximum height of footwall ranges (h) and to their width (W) above the reference level. Basic calculations indicate that co‐seismic rebound contributes from <1% to 17% of extensional fault throw. Width‐to‐height ratios for large faults (L > c. 50 km) show less spread than smaller faults. Such large faults expectedly dissect the brittle crust, indicating that these large faults which root in the ductile–brittle transition approach a balanced, steady‐state kinematic pattern. We speculate that significant crustal thinning associated with these large faults triggers the onset of isostatic adjustments that drive fault rotation, instigating fault abandonment and disconnected perched basins.
Prostate cancer cancer‐associated fibroblasts with stable markers post‐androgen deprivation therapy associated with tumor progression and castration resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Pan Shen , Yin Rui , Zhu Hehe , Shen Siang , Li Zhenhua , Liu Bitian
Published: July 2024

The specificity and clinical relevance of cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in prostate cancer (PCa), as well as the effect of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) on CAFs, remain to be fully elucidated. Using cell lineage diversity and weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA), we pinpointed a unique CAF signature exclusive to PCa. The specificity of this CAF signature was validated through single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq), cell line RNA sequencing, and immunohistochemistry. This signature associates CAFs with tumor progression, elevated Gleason scores, and the emergence of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Using scRNA‐seq on collected samples, we demonstrated that the CAF‐specific signature is not altered by ADT, maintaining its peak signal output. Identifying a PCa‐specific CAF signature and observing signaling changes in CAFs after ADT lay essential groundwork for further PCa studies.
A hybrid evaluation of the intestinal absorption performance of compounds from molecular structure
Authors: Sheng Mengke , Ma Lina , Li Zhixun , Peng Xinhui , Cen Shuai , Feng Minfang , Tian Yuting , Dai Xingxing , Shi Xinyuan
Published: July 2024

Intestinal absorption of compounds is significant in drug research and development. To evaluate this efficiently, a method combining mathematical modeling and molecular simulation was proposed, from the perspective of molecular structure. Based on the quantitative structure–property relationship study, the model between molecular structure and their apparent permeability coefficients was successfully constructed and verified, predicting intestinal absorption of drugs and interpreting decisive structural factors, such as AlogP98, Hydrogen bond donor and Ellipsoidal volume. The molecules with strong lipophilicity, less hydrogen bond donors and receptors, and small molecular volume are more easily absorbed. Then, the molecular dynamics simulation and molecular docking were utilized to study the mechanism of differences in intestinal absorption of drugs and investigate the role of molecular structure. Results indicated that molecules with strong lipophilicity and small volume interacted with the membrane at a lower energy and were easier to penetrate the membrane. Likewise, they had weaker interaction with P‐glycoprotein and were easier to escape from it and harder to export from the body. More in, less out, is the main reason these molecules absorb well.
Congenital three generation wide familial non‐syndromic polydactyly
Authors: Agdoğan Özgür
Published: July 2024

Polydactyly is typically observed as isolated and sporadic occurrences, although familial cases do exist, albeit with lower frequency, manifesting in various inheritance patterns. In around 30% of polydactyly cases, there exists a familial history, suggesting the probable involvement of a single gene. Given its potential for hereditary transmission, thorough investigation of the patients' parents, first‐degree relatives, grandparents, and even great‐grandparents for similar disorders becomes imperative. In our clinic, we conducted an analysis focusing on patients presenting with foot polydactyly, along with occurrences of polydactyly among their first‐ and second‐degree relatives spanning two to three generations of family history. The study encompassed three patients and their respective families, including a pair of siblings. We speculate that the inheritance type in our cases was autosomal dominant. Among our patients, one presented with central polydactyly, while the remaining patients and all familial cases displayed postaxial polydactyly. In terms of morphologic classification, one patient had a Y‐shaped metatarsal, another had a T‐shaped metatarsal, and the third patient exhibited a duplicated ray‐shaped anomaly. In our review of the literature, we haven't come across a case spanning three generations like the ones we encountered. Additionally, the presence of a transverse accessory extensor tendon between both extensor tendons in cases with T‐ and Y‐shaped metatarsals intrigued us from an anatomical perspective. Our goal is to present these rare cases of congenital familial polydactyly spanning three generations, highlighting the anatomical variations observed and aiming to contribute to the existing body of literature on the subject.
Biogeographic patterns of Pacific white‐sided dolphins based on long‐term passive acoustic records
Authors: Alksne Michaela N. , Kok Annebelle C. M. , Agarwal Anika , Frasier Kaitlin E. , Baumann‐Pickering Simone
Published: July 2024

Aim

This study investigates the biogeographic patterns of Pacific white‐sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) in the Eastern North Pacific based on long‐term passive acoustic records. We aim to elucidate the ecological and behavioural significance of distinct echolocation click types and their implications for population delineation, geographic distribution, environmental adaptation and management.

Location

Eastern North Pacific Ocean.

Time Period

2005–2021.

Major Taxa Studied

Pacific white‐sided dolphin.

Methods

Over 50 cumulative years of passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) data from 14 locations were analyzed using a deep neural network to classify two distinct Pacific white‐sided dolphin echolocation click types. The study assessed spatial, diel, seasonal and interannual patterns of the two click types, correlating them with major environmental drivers such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation and the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation, and modeling long‐term spatial‐seasonal patterns.

Results

Distinct spatial, diel and seasonal patterns were observed for each click type. Significant biogeographical shifts in presence were observed following the 2014–2016 marine heatwave event.

Main Conclusions

Distinct spatial distributions of the two click types support the hypothesis that Pacific white‐sided dolphins produce population‐specific echolocation clicks. Seasonal and diel patterns suggest spatiotemporal niche partitioning between the populations in Southern California. Interannual changes, notably initiated during the 2014–2016 marine heatwave, indicate climate‐driven range expansions and contractions related to gradual tropicalization of the Southern California Bight.
Zebrafish trpm7 mutants show reduced motility in free movement
Authors: Watai Kenta , Sadamitsu Kenichiro , Wada Seiji , Kashima Makoto , Hirata Hiromi
Published: July 2024

Parkinson's disease is a neurological disorder characterized by reduced motility, depression and dementia. Guamanian parkinsonism dementia with amyotrophic sclerosis is a local case of Parkinson's disease reported in the Western Pacific Islands of Guam and Rota as well as in the Kii Peninsula of Japan. A previous genetic study has suggested that Guamanian parkinsonism is attributable to a variant of the TRPM7 gene, which encodes for melastatin‐related transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels. But the link between parkinsonism and the TRPM7 gene remains elusive. Previous studies have addressed that trpm7‐deficient zebrafish embryos showed defects in pigmentation and touch‐evoked motor response. In this study, we identified a new viable allele of trpm7 mutant causing an I756N amino acid substitution in the first transmembrane domain. Behavioral analyses revealed that trpm7 mutants showed compromised motility with their movement distance shorter than wild‐type larvae. The velocity of the movement was significantly reduced in trpm7 mutants than in wild‐type larvae. Along with a previous finding of reduced dopaminergic neurons in zebrafish trpm7 mutants, reduced motility of trpm7 mutants can suggest another similarity between trpm7 phenotypes and Parkinson's disease symptoms.
Do nest sites limit wild honey bee colonies? Decoding swarm waggle dances to assess nest site availability
Authors: Visick Oliver D. , Adams Idris , Ney Phoebe , Marzano Francesco S. , Ratnieks Francis L. W.
Published: July 2024

Nest sites are often considered to limit wild honey bee, Apis mellifera, colonies in Europe where wild colony densities are low (mean 0.26/km2). Nest site availability can be challenging to quantify directly, especially in urban areas and farmland where colonies nest in different substrates.

Here we assess nest site availability indirectly across large areas (78.5 km2) of mixed habitat (67% farmland, 25% urban and 8% woodland) by decoding 3310 waggle dances produced by scouts on swarms. During summers of 2021 and 2022, 14 artificial swarms were set up in two study areas in East Sussex, England.

Swarms advertised three to nine nest locations (mean of 5.5) at distances of 0.1–11.2 km (median 1.2 km) all within 0.4–15.2 daylight hours after dancing commenced (median 2.7). We estimated the total number of nest locations, including those not advertised, by quantifying the overlap in locations advertised by two swarms (a form of mark–recapture), which gave a mean density of approximately three nest sites per km2.

The probability of swarms advertising nest sites per km2, calculated using simulations of dance variation, was an average of 42% higher in urban areas (0.018/km2), 78% higher in woodland (0.023/km2) and 12% lower in farmland (0.011/km2) than random expectation. After controlling for distance, swarms were still more likely than expected to advertise nest sites in woodland but only in one study area.

Our results indicate that nest sites do not limit wild colonies in the study areas given that our conservative estimate of nest site density (3/km2) exceeds the density of wild colonies on nearby landed estates (2/km2) and other locations in Europe (0.26/km2).
Young Spouses' Experiences of Having a Partner With Heart Disease and Adolescents Living at Home
Authors: Holmbom Matilda , Andréasson Frida , Grundström Hanna , Bernild Camilla , Fålun Nina , Norekvål Tone Merete , Kikkenborg Berg Selina , Strömberg Anna
Published: July 2024

Aim

To describe the life situation of spouses having a partner with heart disease and adolescents living at home.

Design

Qualitative inductive design.

Method

Participants (n = 22) were included from three Scandinavian countries. Semi‐structured interviews were analysed using thematic analysis with an inductive and latent approach.

Results

Three themes were derived. ‘Being in spousal and parental role transition’ described how daily life had been affected and parental responsibilities had been doubled due to their partner's heart disease. ‘Living with unpredictability and insecurity’ included how the unpredictable illness trajectory caused worries and affected the well‐being of the family. ‘Managing a challenging life situation’ highlights how spouses coped with their partners' heart disease and adapted to a new life situation.

Conclusion

Young spouses' life situation was greatly affected by their partner's heart disease, resulting in increased responsibilities and double parenthood. Having a positive attitude and mindset towards life was used as a strategy to cope with the changed life situation and find a new way of life.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

All family members are affected by heart disease. Spouses needed additional professional support and guidance on how to involve the children when a parent is ill.

Impacts

This study highlights how young spouses, with adolescents living at home, experience their life situation.

The life situation is unpredictable due to the partner's heart disease, as they must handle both caring for their partner and taking on double parenthood.

Research involving family members can improve person‐ and family‐centred care and treatment outcomes in health care and society.

Reporting Method

COREQ checklist was used preparing the manuscript.

Patient or Public Contribution

Data collection included interviews with spouse.

What Does This Paper Contribute to the Wider Global Clinical Community?

By highlighting the spouses changed life situation due to heart disease and the importance of including them in health care.
The role of changing landscape in the dispersal of a soil‐feeding termite in Suriname and French Guiana
Authors: Gergonne Damien , Poteaux Chantal , Fourcade Yoan , Fougeyrollas Romain , Hanus Robert , Sillam‐Dussès David , Roy Virginie
Published: July 2024

Neotropical forest ecosystems harbour significant biodiversity. To develop effective insect conservation practices, it is important to understand the factors that influence the diversity and population structure of the species.

Dispersal, a key determinant of population structure, is well studied in termites nesting in wood, for which it can be influenced by wood transport, or in termites living in urban environments. However, understanding the dispersal of termites whose mobility remains unaffected by wood transport remains understudied.

We investigated the dispersal of Embiratermes neotenicus, a soil‐feeding species with short dispersal distance, in the Neotropical region, where both intact and degraded forests exist. Using mitochondrial and nuclear data, we analysed genetic diversity, structure and factors contributing to population differentiation in Suriname and French Guiana at multiple scales for 70 colonies.

The population in French Guiana is the ancestral population in the region that subsequently expanded.

Significant genetic differentiation between populations was observed, with distinct patterns identified in Suriname and French Guiana. The Suriname population showed higher genetic diversity and no subpopulation differentiation, whereas the French Guiana population showed substructure into distinct genetic clusters.

Analyses at the scale of all colonies suggest the influence of landscape features, such as the Maroni River, on genetic differentiation. At the local scale, genetic differentiation between colonies increases with forest alteration, even when this does not include major changes in forest cover.

Our results highlight the sensitivity of soil‐feeding termite populations to habitat change. We argue that multi‐scale studies are needed for a comprehensive understanding of genetic patterns, especially for species with short dispersal distances.
Preservation of the native urethral plate and corpus spongiosum combined with buccal mucosa graft plus Orandi's penile skin flap as an alternative to staged urethroplasty for narrow penile strictures
Authors: Karapanos Leonidas , Halbe Luisa , Storz Enno , Rieger Constantin , Weiten Richard , Ergashev Bobirjon , Heidenreich Axel
Published: July 2024

Objective

In narrow anterior urethral strictures, the combined buccal mucosa graft (BMG) with pedicled penile skin flap (PSF) represents a well‐known effective alternative to staged urethroplasty. We hypothesized that if the native urethral plate and adjacent corpus spongiosum were preserved, a narrower flap would be needed, and reinforced ventral stability could be achieved without compromising the surgical outcome.

Methods

Twelve patients with narrow penile urethral strictures underwent single‐stage augmentation urethroplasty using a combined technique. A BMG was quilted to the corpora cavernosa in a dorsal onlay approach, and a longitudinal ventral PSF was transposed ventrally and sutured to the scarred native urethral mucosa on one side and to the BMG on the other side to form a neourethra of triangular form. The preserved corpus spongiosum was wrapped and fixed around the flap ventrally.

Results

The median age was 47 years (IQR 35–59), and the median stricture length was 5 cm (IQR 3, 8–7). The median surgical time was 205 min (IQR 172–236). The overall success rate (SR) was 91.7% without sacculation or diverticula formation after a median follow‐up period of 38 months (IQR 33–40). Three transient fistulas healed through prolonged urinary diversion. Five patients (41.7%) reported postvoid dribbling following urethroplasty.

Conclusion

Preservation of the native urethral plate is a valuable adjunct to the combination of graft and flap for single‐stage augmentation urethroplasty for narrow urethral strictures, with satisfactory mid‐term success and an acceptable complication rate.
Validation of the area under the Watts factor curve during the voiding cycle as a novel parameter for diagnosing detrusor underactivity in females
Authors: Kitta Takeya , Wada Naoki , Shinohara Satoshi , Hayashi Nagisa , Yamamura Hayato , Yamamoto Takayuki , Takagi Haruka , Hatakeyama Tsubasa , Nagabuchi Masaya , Morishita Shun , Tsunekawa Ryouken , Ohtani Miyu , Kobayashi Shin , Hori Jun‐ichi , Kakizaki Hidehiro
Published: July 2024

Objective

Detrusor underactivity (DU) is a common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). To date, no consensus has been reached on the urodynamic criteria for defining DU. We previously proposed the area under the curve of the Watts factor (WF‐AUC) as a new parameter for diagnosing DU. By comparing previously reported five criteria for DU and WF‐AUC, we analyzed whether the WF‐AUC could assess detrusor contraction in women with LUTS.

Methods

Using urodynamic data of consecutive 77 women with LUTS, first, we classified DU based on previously reported five criteria. Second, we assessed the potential correlation between multiple parameters and WF‐AUC. Third, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine the cutoff value of WF‐AUC for diagnosing DU based on previously reported five criteria. Fourth, a linear regression analysis was conducted and compared using multiple criteria and female bladder outlet obstruction index (BOOIf).

Results

WF‐AUC was positively correlated with the maximum values of WF, bladder contractility index (BCI), and projected isovolumetric pressure 1 (PIP1) with correlation coefficients of 0.63, 0.57, and 0.34, respectively. AUC for diagnosing DU based on previously reported five criteria ranging from 0.773 to 0.896 with different cutoff values of AUC‐WF. The Spearman's correlation test revealed that BOOIf was significantly correlated with BCI, but not Wmax, PIP1 and WF‐AUC.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated the non‐inferiority of the WF‐AUC compared to previously reported criteria for defining DU. Depending on the cutoff value, the WF‐AUC could appropriately evaluate women with DU, regardless of the presence of BOO.
Survival of stage III non‐seminoma testis cancer patients versus simulated controls, according to race/ethnicity
Authors: Morra Simone , Cano Garcia Cristina , Piccinelli Mattia Luca , Tappero Stefano , Barletta Francesco , Incesu Reha‐Baris , Scheipner Lukas , Baudo Andrea , Tian Zhe , de Angelis Mario , Mirone Vincenzo , Califano Gianluigi , Celentano Giuseppe , Saad Fred , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Chun Felix K. H. , de Cobelli Ottavio , Musi Gennaro , Terrone Carlo , Briganti Alberto , Tilki Derya , Ahyai Sascha , Carmignani Luca , Longo Nicola , Karakiewicz Pierre I.
Published: July 2024

Background

It is unknown whether 5‐year overall survival (OS) differs and to what extent between the American Joint Committee on Cancer stage III non‐seminoma testicular germ cell tumor (NS‐TGCT) patients and simulated age‐matched male population‐based controls, according to race/ethnicity groups.

Methods

We identified newly diagnosed (2004–2014) stage III NS‐TGCT patients within the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database 2004–2019. For each case, we simulated an age‐matched male control (Monte Carlo simulation), relying on Social Security Administration (SSA) Life Tables with 5 years of follow‐up. We compared OS rates between stage III NS‐TGCT patients and simulated age‐matched male population‐based controls, according to race/ethnicity groups (Caucasian, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander and African American). Both, cancer‐specific mortality (CSM) and other‐cause mortality (OCM) were computed.

Results

Of 2054 stage III NS‐TGCT patients, 60% were Caucasians versus 33% Hispanics versus 4% Asians/Pacific Islanders versus 3% African Americans. The 5‐year OS difference between stage III NS‐TGCT patients versus simulated age‐matched male population‐based controls was highest in Asians/Pacific Islanders (64 vs. 99%, Δ = 35%), followed by African Americans (66 vs. 97%, Δ = 31%), Hispanics (72 vs. 99%, Δ = 27%), and Caucasians (76 vs. 98%, Δ = 22%). The 5‐year CSM rate was highest in Asians/Pacific Islanders (32%), followed by African Americans (26%), Hispanics (25%), and Caucasians (20%). The 5‐year OCM rate was highest in African Americans (8%), followed by Caucasians (4%), Asians/Pacific Islanders (4%), and Hispanics (2%).

Conclusion

Relative to SSA Life Tables, the highest 5‐year OS disadvantage applied to stage III NS‐TGCT Asian/Pacific Islander race/ethnicity group, followed by African American, Hispanic and Caucasian, in that order.
Use of a risk‐based intervention bundle to prescribe and implement interventions to prevent pressure injury: An observational study
Authors: Fulbrook Paul , Lovegrove Josephine , Ven Saroeun , Schnaak Sarah , Nowicki Tracy
Published: July 2024

Aim

To explore the relationship between the prescription and implementation of pressure injury preventative interventions following risk assessment combined with a risk‐stratified intervention bundle.

Design

Single‐centre, cross‐sectional, observational, prospective.

Methods

The charts and bedsides of 341 adult inpatients were examined. Data collection included pressure injury risk level, prescribed preventative interventions and evidence of intervention implementation.

Results

Most patients (68.6%) were at risk of pressure injury, and most interventions were prescribed according to their risk level. However, evidence from direct observation and/or documentation indicated intervention implementation rates were relatively poor. Of nine interventions mandated for all patients, compliance with three patient‐/carer‐focused interventions was particularly poor, with evidence indicating they had been implemented for 3%–10% of patients. Also, nutritional screening‐related interventions were implemented poorly. Clinically indicated implementation of heel‐elevation devices and bariatric equipment was low for at‐risk patients, and the implementation of interventions for patients with existing pressure injuries was suboptimal. Significant proportions of several interventions that were observed as having been implemented were not documented as such.

Conclusion

While most interventions were prescribed according to patient risk level, the overall implementation of interventions was poor. However, the results may in part be due to failure to document interventions as opposed to omitting them.

Implications for Patient Care

Documentation of interventions is crucial as it provides evidence of the care provided. An increased focus on documentation of pressure injury preventative interventions is required, with a clear distinction between prescription and implementation.

Impact

The results highlighted several deficiencies in care, particularly relating to evidence of implementation, patient involvement and nutritional screening. The results from this study will be used to inform and improve future pressure injury prevention practice within the study hospital and should be used to inform and benchmark pressure injury preventative practices in other hospitals.

Reporting Method

The study adheres to STROBE guidelines.

Patient or Public Contribution

None.