bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forms of Legal Assistance: The Historical Aspect
Authors:   Senior Lecturer of the Department of Criminal Law, Criminology and Criminal Procedure of the Ekaterinburg Branch of the Moscow Academy of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, PhD (Law), Vdovtsev Pavel V. , Charykov Aleksandr V. ,   Attorney of the Chamber of Lawyers of Sverdlovsk Region
Published: June 2024

In the doctrine of criminal procedure, it is often allowed to mix the concepts of protection and representation. Such an interpretation of them is hardly appropriate, since each of them covers an independent form of legal assistance. The third form of legal assistance (a lawyer of another person: a lawyer of a witness or a person whose premises are being searched) is rarely even mentioned at all. At the same time, the difference between these forms has a historical background, which can be verified by plunging, respectively, into the history of their origin and development. This article just offers an excursion into the history of this issue. The authors come to the conclusion that each of the forms of legal assistance is independent, has individual characteristics, and combining them in one concept of “protection” or “representation” has no valid grounds.
The Effect of the Criminal Law Institution of Infliction of Harm in Arresting a Criminal in the USSR
Authors:   Senior Police Lieutenant, Major Case Criminal Intelligence Investigator of the Department for Ryazan Region of the Federal National Guard Troops Service, Storozhikhin Ilya S.
Published: June 2024

The article reflects the key features of the legal regulation of the grounds and conditions for the institution of causing harm during the detention of a person who has committed a crime in the criminal law of the USSR, the main sources are considered, and the main stages of development are highlighted.
A Study on Changes of Carcass, Bones and Muscles of Ningxiang Pigs
Authors: Zhang Wei , Peng Yinglin , Cui Qingming , Chang Yitong , Deng Yuan , Chen Chen , Liu Yingying
Published: June 2024

Background: Ningxiang pigs are known for tasty meat and high intramuscular fat content. Currently, the slow growth rate and low lean meat rate of Ningxiang pigs have greatly restricted the development of its market. Therefore, the objective of this study is to explore the changes in carcass traits, meat quality, visceral organ weight indices, bones and muscles development with slaughter ages of Ningxiang pigs. Methods: The experiment used 0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 days old Ningxiang pigs as the research objects, and 6 castrated male pigs in each group were randomly selected. The carcass traits, meat quality, visceral organs weights and skeletal muscle weights were measured. The correlation between carcass traits and meat quality were analyzed by bivariate analysis, and the regression equations between slaughter ages and these indicators were established. Result: The results showed that pre-slaughter weight and weights of carcass, head, feet, skeleton and muscle, loin eye area, cooking yield, marbling and the large intestine weight index at 0 d, backfat thickness at 60 d, fat percentages at 60 and 120 d, and the lean meat percentage at 240 d, redness at 120 d of Ningxiang pigs were lowest, the heart, lung, kidney and small intestine weight percentages were highest at 0 d (P less than 0.05). Carcass traits and meat quality had different significant correlation at different slaughter ages. So the indices of carcass, meat quality, bones and muscles of Ningxiang pigs changed with slaughter ages. In general, the overall performance of 300 d Ningxiang pigs is better.
Crónica de la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional sobre igualdad (año 2023)
Authors: Ron Latas Ricardo Pedro
Published: June 2024

Este estudio aborda el análisis de las sentencias dictadas en aplicación del principio de igualdad y no discriminación por el Tribunal Constitucional el año 2023. El estudio se centra en el estudio de las sentencias más relevantes en este terreno que ha producido el Tribunal Constitucional en el año 2023.
Detection of Throat Disorders Based on Thermal Image Using Digital Image Processing Methods
Authors: Arisgraha, S.T., M.T. Franky Chandra Satria , Rulaningtyas Riries , Purwanti Endah , Ama Fadli
Published: June 2024

Throat disorders are often considered trivial for some people, but if they are not treated immediately they can result in more severe conditions and require a longer time to cure this disorder. Objective, safe and comfortable detection of throat disorders is important because throat disorders are an indication of inflammation which, if not treated immediately, can have negative consequences. This research aims to detect throat disorders based on thermal images using digital image processing methods. Image capture was carried out with the same color pallete range on the camera, namely 33°C-38°C. The image obtained is then cropped in the ROI, then the image is threshold with a gray degree of 190. Pixels that have a gray degree above 190 are converted to white, while those below the threshold are converted to black. Next, the percentage of each white and black area is calculated compared to the total ROI area. If the percentage of white area is greater than 38% compared to the area of ​​the throat then it is identified as having a throat disorder, whereas if the percentage of white is less than 38% then it is identified as not having a throat disorder. The detection program created provides an accuracy of 87.5% on sample data of 8 test data.
A Turing Test for Self-Awareness
Authors: Witkowski Cameron
Published: June 2024

I propose a test for machine self-awareness inspired by the Turing test. My test is simple, and it provides an objective, empirical metric to rectify the ungrounded speculation surging through industry, academia, and social media. Drawing from a breadth of philosophical literature, I argue the test captures the essence of self-awareness, rather than some postulated correlate or ancillary quality. To begin, the concept of self-awareness is clearly demarcated from related concepts like consciousness, agency, and free will. Next, I propose a model called the Nesting Doll of Self-Awareness and discuss its relevance for intelligent beings. Then, the test is presented in its full generality, applicable to any machine system. I show how to apply the test to Large Language Models and conduct experiments on popular open and closed source LLMs, obtaining reproducible results that suggest a lack of self-awareness. The implications of machine self-awareness are discussed in relation to questions about meaning and true understanding. Finally, some next steps are outlined for studying self-awareness in machines.
Laser Powder Bed Fusion: Exploring Recent Technological Breakthroughs and Alloy Utilization
Authors: Hedric Warris
Published: June 2024

Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF), as a transformative technology in the field of additive manufacturing, offers unprecedented design flexibility and material efficiency. This review paper delves into the latest advancements in LPBF technology and the various alloys used in the process, including titanium alloys, aluminum alloys, nickel-based superalloys, steel alloys, copper alloys, and high-entropy alloys. For each alloy category, we discuss their specific applications, performance characteristics, and challenges faced in LPBF usage. The paper discusses important technological breakthroughs, including innovations in laser systems, scanning strategies, and in-situ monitoring technologies, which have enhanced the precision and reliability of LPBF.
Biomolecule-Based Anti-diabetic Nano-Formulation Models – Effect on Blood Glucose Level, Insulin/Drug Release and Other Properties
Authors: Dorababu Atukuri
Published: June 2024

Diabetes is one of the metabolic syndromes that demands the great concern affecting millions of people all over the world. Viral infections were also considered as responsible for diabetes. Though, variety of medications for prevention and treatment of diabetes are available, numerous limitations are also prevailing that cannot be neglected. Precise drug-targetability, controlled drug-release, oral bioavailability, minimizing side effects are a few to consider. To address most of these shortcomings of traditional drug-delivery models, nanoformulation has been employed therein a wide range of nanoformulation models are developed. The pharmacology of a drug can be greatly enhanced through nanoformulation models in diabetes treatment in terms of enhanced bioavailability, prolonged and sustained drug-lease, maintain maximum drug concentration in serum, higher intestinal absorption, and protection from enzymatic degradation. In this review work, recently designed nanoformulation models for efficient insulin delivery and the other properties concerning diabetes such as reducing blood glucose level, total cholesterol, triglycerides, lipid profile, wound healing, elevating antioxidant enzymes etc. are discussed. Classification of the nanoformulation models is done based on the nature of the fabricating material employed in nanoformulation. This review may be helpful in designing a more efficient nanoformulation model for diabetes treatment.
Customer-Centric Supply Chains: How Marketing Innovations Drive Efficiency and Satisfaction
Authors: Bennett Lydia
Published: June 2024

This study explores the intricate dynamics of customer-centric supply chains and the pivotal role of marketing innovations in enhancing efficiency and customer satisfaction. Employing a qualitative research methodology, semi-structured interviews were conducted with key stakeholders in supply chain management across various industries, providing rich insights into the practices and perceptions related to customer-centric strategies. The findings highlight the centrality of understanding and anticipating customer needs, which necessitates a cultural shift within organizations to prioritize customer satisfaction at all levels. Digital marketing tools, data analytics, e-commerce platforms, and social media emerged as critical enablers of these customer-centric supply chains, facilitating real-time insights, direct customer engagement, and personalized experiences. The integration of these technologies has led to more accurate demand forecasting, optimized inventory levels, and enhanced agility and responsiveness in operations. Furthermore, the study underscores the importance of collaboration and partnership within the supply chain network, emphasizing joint initiatives and strong relationships with stakeholders as key drivers of improved resource utilization and service levels. Sustainability, entrepreneurship, and emotional intelligence also play significant roles in shaping effective customer-centric supply chains. Sustainable practices meet growing consumer demands for environmental and social responsibility, while an entrepreneurial mindset fosters continuous innovation and competitiveness. Emotional intelligence among leaders and employees enhances trust, conflict resolution, and collaboration, contributing to a positive organizational culture and superior customer satisfaction. Overall, this study provides comprehensive insights and actionable recommendations for businesses seeking to navigate the complexities of customer-centric supply chain management and leverage marketing innovations to achieve sustainable competitive advantage.
A Smart Computer Program to Assist Healthcare Providers in Selecting the Best Treatment for Patients with Urinary Stones
Authors: Noble Peter
Published: June 2024

Urinary tract stones can obstruct the urinary tract, resulting in severe lower back pain, blood in the urine, vomiting, and painful urination. While small stones can pass naturally through the urine stream, larger ones necessitate fragmentation with shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) or laser ureteroscopy (URS) to prevent urinary tract blockage. A smart computer program was developed to predict treatment efficacy for removing a stone and potential complications for individual patients based on factors such as age, health conditions, stone details, and treatment instruments, ultimately recommending the most suitable option. Here, I present three case studies and their predicted outcomes. The program is available at: http://peteranoble.com/webapps.html
Opportunities of Nature Tourism Potential for Pulicat Lake with a Focus on Bird Watching Activity
Authors: Vaithianathan Kannan
Published: June 2024

This paper aims to examine the potential for ecotourism development in the Pulicat Lake, a proposed Ramsar site situated in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. Pulicat Lake has enormous potential for tourism and recreation; however, it is inevitable to ensure sustainable development in the region. The data for the study was collected using various methods, including case study techniques, qualitative interviews, observations, and information obtained from secondary sources. The study aimed to identify the sustainability dimensions of the location, including economic impact and income generation potentials through employment opportunities like field guides and travel companions. It is also examined the social impact on the local community and the development efforts made to reduce environmental pressures while conserving the flora and fauna. Additionally, the study discusses the possibilities and strategies for ornithological ecotourism at Pulicat Lake.
Association of Overweight and Central Obesity in Women of Reproductive Age and Overweight Children below Five Years of Age
Authors: Sarkar Jaimini , Sarkar Chiradeep
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Childhood obesity is becoming an emerging public health issue as it is associated with increased morbidity and premature deaths. Determinants like the child’s household characteristics, maternal weight before the preconception stage, and maternal weight in childhood are studied. There is no study available to understand the association between overweight women of reproductive age and overweight children under five years of age. Studying these determinants to understand the problem can help in framing policies to intervene in the issue. Methods: The data for the study was collected from the National Family Health Survey 5 (NFHS5). It has been sub-grouped into urban and rural categories. The percentage of women with high-risk Waist-Hip-Ratio (WHR) and the percentage of overweight women were independent variables whereas the percentage of overweight under-five children was dependent. Simple linear regression, multiple linear regression, and Pearson correlation coefficient analysis were done for the collected data. Results: Study shows the percentage of overweight women has increased by 4.1%, and the percentage of overweight children has increased by 2% during the NFHS5 (2019-21) compared to NFHS4 (2015-16). Pearson correlation coefficient (R) is 0.5662 and Ꞵ-coefficient for multiple linear regression is 0.1397 for central obesity in women (%) and percentage of overweight children. Conclusion: Central obesity in women is more common than the overweight. Overweight in women as well as in children under five is increasing. Central obesity in women shows a moderate positive relation with overweight in children under five years.
A Proposal to Change the Leap-Second Adjustments to UTC
Authors: Levine Judah
Published: June 2024

The definition of UTC in 1972 balanced the needs of the time and frequency community for a universal time scale that was traceable to the definition of frequency in the SI system of units with the needs of the astronomical community for a time scale that was closely linked to UT1, a time scale related to the rotation of Earth. The balance between these two considerations has changed very significantly since 1972, and there is widespread agreement that the method of relating UTC to UT1 should be changed by increasing the maximum tolerance between the two scales to more than the current limit of 0.9 s. I propose to realize this decision by means of an algorithmic adjustment process based on the variation in the length of the day over the previous centuries. I use these historical data to extrapolate the length of the day for a century into the future, and to compute a periodic rate adjustment to UTC based on this extrapolation. The adjustment process will not use time steps. The magnitude of the periodic rate adjustment will be re-considered every century, but the basic adjustment algorithm will not change. I suggest a maximum tolerance between UT1 and UTC that is large enough to absorb the irregular and unpredictable variations in the length of the day with respect to the long-term average increase in this value but plays no role in determining the parameters of the adjustment process that is proposed. I also propose that the adjustment be implemented at 12 UTC on 1 January since that is closest to a universal holiday in all time zones.
Leadership Dynamics in Higher Education: An Integrated Model Exploring the Role of AI-Literacy, and Gender in the China
Authors: Mousa Kawar Mohammed
Published: June 2024

In an era characterized by technological disruption and unprecedented challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, this scholarly investigation explores the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in shaping Leadership Dynamics in Higher Education Institutions (LDHE) within the specific socio-cultural and regulatory environment of China. Utilizing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) as operationalized through the SMART_PLS software, this research harnessed data from a robust sample of 381 key stakeholders in China higher education. The study's empirical findings indicate a noteworthy impact of AI-informed decision-making processes on LDHE, which was further mediated by the variable of AI Literacy among leadership. Moreover, the consequences of the ongoing pandemic served as a moderating factor in this relationship. These nuanced outcomes not only contribute to the theoretical discourse surrounding educational leadership and technological integration but also provide actionable insights for policy formulation and institutional strategies in an increasingly complex educational landscape.
The Impact of Integrated Marketing Strategies on Supply Chain Efficiency in Retail Businesses
Authors: Mitchell Eleanor
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the impact of integrated marketing strategies on supply chain efficiency in retail businesses. Through qualitative research methods including in-depth interviews and case studies, the study explores how aligning marketing activities with supply chain operations influences various aspects of retail performance. The findings reveal that integrated marketing strategies lead to enhanced demand forecasting accuracy, improved customer satisfaction, and greater operational efficiency. By leveraging technology, such as artificial intelligence and data analytics, retailers can optimize inventory management, personalize offerings, and anticipate consumer preferences in real-time. Cross-functional collaboration and effective leadership emerge as crucial factors in fostering integration and overcoming challenges such as data management and cultural resistance. Additionally, the study highlights the significance of sustainability and entrepreneurship in driving integrated strategies, with implications for long-term competitiveness and brand reputation. The findings underscore the importance of viewing marketing and supply chain functions as interconnected elements of a holistic business strategy, rather than operating in silos. The study offers valuable insights for theory, practice, and future research, emphasizing the need for holistic and collaborative approaches to integration in the dynamic retail landscape. By embracing integrated marketing strategies, retailers can position themselves for success in an increasingly competitive market environment, driving innovation, efficiency, and customer satisfaction.
Study on Key Properties and Model Establishment of Innovative Recycled Aggregate Pervious Concrete
Authors: Zhao Panfeng , Zhou Jingfei , Zhang Zhengnan , Chen Shoukai
Published: June 2024

Traditional concrete pavements have poor water permeability, while the strength of pervious concrete pavements is low. To solve these problems, this study designed Innovative recycled aggregate pervious concrete (I-RAPC) with controllable water permeability and high strength by using response surface methodology, and investigated the effects of different pore parameters (number, diameter, material, distribution form, etc.) on the performance of I-RAPC. And the strength discount factor method was proposed to construct the theoretical calculation model of compressive strength and pipe pore parameters, and the calculation model of water permeability coefficient was established at the same time. The results show that the fewer the number of holes and the smaller the pipe diameter of I-RAPC, the higher its compressive strength and the smaller the water permeability coefficient. The theoretical model of compressive strength can accurately evaluate the discounting effect of the pore parameters on the compressive strength of I-RAPC, and the maximum relative error is only 7.52%, and the maximum relative error of the calculation model of water permeability coefficient is only 4.42%. I-RAPC has the advantages of high strength and permeability with controllable performance, which overcomes the problems of random distribution of pore space, uncertainty of water permeability, and strength of ordinary pervious concrete.
The Rise and Transfer of the River Chief System: A Historical review of a Chinese Phenomenon and its potential to transfer to the global community
Authors: Dolowitz David
Published: June 2024

Since the turn of the 21st Century Chian has enacted a range of policies to improve its water ecosystem. Some of these measures include (but are not limited to) the creation of Seven River Conservancy Commissions to engage in river basin management and the development (combination and recombination) of series of ministries and departments to address environmental pollution and degradation. The most recent attempt to address the nations polluted waterways and lakes occurred in December 2016, when the General Office of the Chinese Central Committee and the State Council issued The Options on Full Implementation of the River Chief System (RCS) Across the Country. The intent behind Options was not only to fully implemented he river chief system but to bring the nations drinking water supply quality to no worse than category III. Based on the Options Erik Solheim, UN Under Secretary General and Executive Director of the UN Environment Programme, commented ‘I'm convinced that what I have seen in Pujiang County and Anji County will be the future of China, even the future of the world’ (cited in Xianqiang 2021, 435; emphasis added). It is to this observation that the reminder of this article will be directed.
Boosting MSME Growth in Indonesia Through E-Payment Adoption
Authors: Rafisar Ahdaniati , Prapanca Detak
Published: June 2024

Technological advancements have enhanced information access, leading to innovations in financial technology such as e-payment systems. This study investigates the impact of a less cash society, perceived convenience, and trust on MSMEs' (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) intention to adopt e-payment in Sidoarjo. Using purposive sampling and the Slovin formula, data were collected from 100 respondents and analyzed with SEM-PLS. Results show that all three factors significantly influence the adoption of e-payment systems. These findings highlight the benefits of e-payment services and emphasize the need for service providers to promote ease of use and security, and for policymakers to establish protective regulations to encourage adoption.
 
Highlight:   

Impact Factors: Key factors include less cash society, convenience, and trust.
Methodology: Data from 100 MSMEs analyzed using SEM-PLS.
Implications: Emphasize ease of use, security, and protective regulations.

Keyword:  Financial technology, e-payment, MSMEs, less cash society, trust
Impact of Shopee Skincare Price, Reviews, and Quality on Purchasing Decisions
Authors: Rischawati Novita , Indayani Lilik , Oetarjo Mas
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the impact of price, online customer reviews, and electronic service quality on skincare purchasing decisions within the Shopee marketplace, focusing on East Java. Through a quantitative approach involving 96 respondents sampled purposively, data was collected via Google Forms and analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression in SPSS. Results indicate significant positive effects of these factors on skincare purchasing decisions. Recommendations are made for Shopee and skincare sellers to enhance pricing strategies, prioritize customer reviews, and improve electronic service quality, aiming to optimize consumer decision-making processes and build trust in online transactions. This research contributes insights tailored to the skincare industry within online marketplaces, particularly in East Java, addressing a notable gap in existing literature.
Highlight:

Shopee skincare purchasing decisions study, East Java, quantitative analysis.
96 purposive sampled respondents enhance study validity and relevance.
Findings: price, reviews, service quality impact skincare buying decisions.

 
Keywoard: Shopee, skincare, purchasing decisions, online marketplace, East Java
The Utillisation of Produced Water for Re Injection and its Impact on Effective Scale Management
Authors: Jordan Myles , Johnston Clare
Published: June 2024

With changes in environmental regulations a number of operators have moved from seawater injection to produced water reinjection and others have used produced water reinjection as a way to reduce/mitigate the potential sulphate scale risk by reducing the amount of sulphate rich seawater being injected into their reservoirs.

The paper will focus on three case study fields looking into the control of the scale risk within the topside process, water injector wells and the evolving scale risk within the production wells.

Data from North Sea fields will be presented which shows the challenge experienced within the production wells as initial injected seawater (or low sulphate seawater) is displaced by injected produced water. The change in produced water composition with time showed a significant extension in the scale risk envelope due to produced water reinjection with respect to sulphate scale formation relative to what would have been expected with only seawater injection. The expected trend of reducing barium ion concentration with time was reversed with produced water breakthrough (enhancing the barium and strontium ion concentrations) leading to a much longer period over which scale squeeze treatments were required to be applied.

Along with the prolonged scale risk envelope the tracking of scale squeeze treatments became a challenge due to production of degraded phosphonate scale inhibitor which was present in the produced water (topside scale inhibitor and re injected squeeze scale inhibitor) leading to uncertainty in the actual scale squeeze inhibitor concentration where phosphonate scale inhibitor was being utilised.

The lessons learned from this study are that changes in scaling potential within a PWRI system require to be carefully assessed prior to the onset of PWRI. While control of scale issues within the topside process and water injector wells has proved easy to predict and manage, the extended scale risk and challenges of tracking squeeze treatment performance need to be considered as this may present a significantly higher operation cost for effective scale management.
Everest Well ET-14z: The Complexity of Produced Water Production Revealed
Authors: McCartney R. A. , Wood P. , Angus K.
Published: June 2024

The Everest Field is a gas condensate field produced by natural depletion from the Forties and Mey/Maureen reservoirs. The Everest Field reservoirs display complex geology which sets up the possibility of variability in formation water compositions and a recent evaluation of the produced water analyses (mixtures of formation water and condensation water) for the field identified five compositionally distinct formation waters in the reservoirs (FW 1, FW 2 (Ba-rich), FW 2 (Ba-depleted), FW A and FW A(SA)) (McCartney and Ross, 2021). In that study, the compositions of the formation waters were estimated from the produced water analyses after correction for their condensation water fraction. This information has been used to obtain predictions of scaling risks to the production wells which has aided the development of scale mitigation plans for the field.

However, for one well, ET-14z, it has been challenging to obtain good quality produced water samples from it because it produces water at very low rates. This has raised questions over the type of formation water being produced from the well; most samples indicate that FW 1 is being produced from the well, but some suggest that FW 2 (Ba-rich) is being produced. In addition, possibly due to slugging in the test separator, it has not been possible to correct the produced water analyses for their condensation water fraction to obtain a reliable estimate of the composition of FW 1. Therefore, there are uncertainties over the predicted scaling risks to this well.

To try to reduce these uncertainties, a well testing procedure has been developed with the specific purpose of obtaining more reliable produced water samples from this well. This objective was achieved when the well test was implemented, and the resulting sample compositions showed that ET-14z initially produces only FW 2 (Ba-rich), then both FW 1 and FW 2 (Ba-rich) with the fraction of the latter decreasing over time. Throughout, condensation water dominates produced water production (>86%) whilst produced formation water rates are very low (<1 m3/day). A conceptual model to explain this behaviour has been developed in which the type of formation water being produced is determined by (a) differences in pressure between the Mey and Maureen Formations, (b) the duration of ET-14z shut-in and (c) the duration of subsequent production. The influence of formation pressures on the composition of commingled produced water has also been observed in the Veslefrikk Field, Norwegian North Sea. The results of the well test and associated model have allowed the range of production scaling risks for this well to be confirmed with more certainty.
Observed Impacts of Evaporation and Condensation on Scale and Monitoring as the Industry Drills Deeper and Hotter
Authors: Spicka K. J.
Published: June 2024

As oil and gas wells continue to be drilled into deeper and, therefore, hotter formations globally, a new appreciation for simple evaporation and condensation of water within wells is developing. While distillation of a fluid may be a simple science laboratory setup routinely performed in academia, we may not immediately consider distillation within an oil and/or gas producing well. Recognizing and appreciating the ability for this process to occur in oil and gas production wells, and its potential impacts, will likely be necessary moving forward.

Evaporation and condensation of water has led to production and monitoring challenges in unconventional basins in US onshore production. In the Bakken, the presence of ammonium has contributed to condensation of an ammonium carbonate brine that has led to calcium carbonate plugging challenges in surface pipelines. In southwestern Wyoming and the DJ Basin in Colorado, low production rates coupled with high downhole temperature and plunger lift systems have appeared to lead to distillation that has, in turn, caused significant decreases in analyzed total dissolved solids in produced brines.

The ammonium carbonate brine was analyzed by a combination of non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) for measuring alkalinity and colorimetric method for measuring ammonia. These brines were collected in the field as well as from distillation experiments conducted in the lab with both field and synthetic brines. The brines associated with evaporation and condensation in plunger lift wells were analyzed with traditional inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and ion chromatography (IC) analyses.

The identification and appreciation of how distillation may work within oil and gas wells presents the industry with a unique opportunity to revisit basic scientific principles. While easily understood, the impacts that have already been observed may be a preview of what is to come as wells in high temperature (approaching and exceeding 212 °F) formations age and depressurize. In addition to potentially impacting production chemistry selection, application, and monitoring, possible evaporation and condensation could influence well operational decisions to avoid potential production challenges.
Irrigation tends to reduce daytime urban heat stress in North America
Authors: Chakraborty TC , Qian Yun , Li Jianfeng , Leung L. , Sarangi Chandan
Published: June 2024

There is considerable disagreement about the impact of irrigation on heat stress, partly stemming from the choice of heat stress metric. Moreover, existing simulations are at scales that cannot appropriately resolve population centers, and thus potential for human impacts. Here, we employ multi-year regional climate simulations at a convection-permitting scale to demonstrate that irrigation generally alleviates summertime heat stress across more than 1600 urban clusters in North America. This holds true for most physiologically relevant heat stress metrics. The impact of irrigation varies by climate zone, with more notable irrigation signals seen for arid urban clusters in regions, which are near heavily irrigated fields. Using a component attribution framework, we show that the change in wet-bulb temperature, often used as a proxy for moist heat extremes in the geosciences, due to irrigation exhibits an opposite sign to the corresponding change in wet bulb globe temperature — a more complete metric for assessing both indoor and outdoor heat risk. Additionally, we explore the interplay between urbanization and irrigation effects on urban heat stress, highlighting the complexities in accurately interpreting their impacts. These findings offer valuable insights into the role of local to regional land management practices on urban heat stress.
Enhancing Outcomes Through Preoperative Risk Evaluation in Colorectal Cancer Surgery
Authors: Jia Li , Zhao Huacai , Liu Jia
Published: June 2024

Context:
Postoperative incision infections pose a significant challenge in colorectal cancer surgery, impacting patient outcomes and healthcare costs.
Purpose
This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the risk factors influencing the incidence of incision infections following colorectal cancer surgery.
Methods and Results
Through a systematic review of studies published between January 2015 and December 2022, key factors such as body mass index, diabetes, albumin levels, malnutrition, and surgical duration were analyzed. Findings from eleven high-quality studies indicated that high BMI, diabetes, low albumin levels, malnutrition, and prolonged surgery duration were associated with increased infection risk. Conversely, laparoscopic procedures showed promising potential for reducing infection risk.
Conclusions
Preoperative assessment of these risk factors is crucial for effective management and reduction of postoperative incision infections in colorectal cancer patients. Clinicians can leverage these insights to improve patient outcomes and enhance overall quality of life.
MMO induced batch and pilot-scale electro-oxidation treatment of municipal wastewater
Authors: Chandra Poulomi , Verma Anoop , Choudhury Diptiman
Published: June 2024

The present research aimed to explore the durability of MMO electrodes through electro-oxidation (EO) in purifying secondary treated actual sewage wastewater using batch and pilot-scale setups. The main aim is to inactivate bacteria in sewage treatment plants before they are released into the environment, thus contaminating water and soil. Process parameters such as current density (j), NaCl dose (n), and treatment time (t) were optimized using response surface methodology in a lab-scale EO reactor under batch conditions. The results showed that optimization of current density at 5.90 mA/cm2 and NaCl concentration at 1.31 g/L led to 93.90% of bacterial inactivation (Q1) within 8 min of treatment and 0.48 kWh/m3 energy consumption (Q2). Biological analysis was conducted to validate bacterial cell destruction and count coliform bacteria in the EO-treated sewage wastewater. XRD, cyclic voltammetry studies, and FE-SEM/EDS analysis were done to confirm the MMO anode’s durability and stability after 100 recycles. The study prioritized bacterial inactivation along with organic matter degradation. Besides that, a small pilot-scale study on the actual sewage wastewater with a volume of 10–50 L was done in batch mode under previously optimized conditions to analyze the efficacy of the MMO anodes in terms of bacterial inactivation.
Apoptosis induction of kadsuric acid from Vietnamese Kadsura coccinea (Lem.) A. C. Smith in human pancreatic cancer cells: in vitro and in silico approach
Authors: Nguyen Tan Khanh , Tran Manh Hung , Truong Tan Trung , Pham Long-Hung Dinh , Truong Phu Chi Hieu , Pham Phu Tran Vinh
Published: June 2024

Kadsuric acid, a major triterpenoid isolated from the leaves of Vietnamese Kadsura coccinea, exhibited potent cytotoxic effects in some human cancer cells. In this study, the effects of kadsuric acid on pancreatic cancer cells PANC-1 were investigated. The results showed that kadsuric acid exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity against PANC-1 with an IC50 value of 14.5 ± 0.8 µM. Kadsuric acid effectively activated caspase-3 by increasing the level of enzyme cleavage by 1–2 times after 12 and 24 h, and by more than 3–4 times compared to the negative control. In addition, this compound enhanced both two types of cysteine-aspartic acid proteases, including caspase-3 and caspase-9 through protein expressions. Western blot analysis also indicated that kadsuric acid reduced Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP1) expression in PANC-1 cells. For underlying mechanism insights, molecular modeling methods were applied to investigate the binding interaction between kadsuric acid and PARP1. Compared to the co-crystallized ligand, kadsuric acid displayed a stronger binding affinity (-9.3 kcal/mol). A molecular dynamics simulation showed that the complex is stable over 200 ns. Taken together, it can be determined that kadsuric acid can interact with the DNA of human pancreatic cancer cells through the intrinsic caspase/PARP-1 pathway. This study can guide future research on kadsuric acid as PARP1 inhibitor for cancer treatment.
Environmental Justice of Coastal Hazards: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Stoltz Amanda Daria , Won Olivia M. , Gee Emma K.C. , Seto Katherine L.
Published: June 2024

As the ocean warms, sea levels rise, and coastlines change, there is a growing interest in environmental justice on the coast. Here we conduct a systematic literature review on environmental justice and coastal hazards around the world. Our analysis reveals a focus on both long-term phenomena such as sea-level rise and extreme acute events like storms or hurricanes. We found that environmental justice literature about coastal hazards has increased in recent years with most papers focused on U.S. coastal areas. A majority of the papers described low-income communities and economic vulnerabilities, however, the solutions presented in the papers primarily focus on increasing researcher awareness of environmental justice and promoting increased engagement with marginalized communities. Additionally, a majority of the papers rely on mapping census data for their analysis rather than more qualitative methods. Overall, 76 percent of the papers reviewed determined that the most vulnerable populations are also the most at risk to coastal hazards, but there was a dearth of information on the historical causes of this phenomenon. Only 37 percent of the papers mention systems of historical or systemic oppression, such as segregation or redlining, that have led to marginalized populations experiencing greater levels of exposure. Finally, we suggest policy implications for addressing environmental injustices and recommendations for climate change and coastal hazards researchers writing about environmental justice.
Many-body computing on Field Programmable Gate Arrays
Authors: Zou Haiyuan , Lv Songtai , Liang Yang , Meng Yuchen , Yao Xiaochen , Xu Jincheng , Liu Yang , Zheng Qibin
Published: June 2024

A new implementation of many-body calculations is of paramount importance in the field of computational physics. In this study, we leverage the capabilities of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) for conducting quantum many-body calculations. Through the design of appropriate schemes for Monte Carlo and tensor network methods, we effectively utilize the parallel processing capabilities provided by FPGAs. This has resulted in a remarkable tenfold speedup compared to CPU-based computation for a Monte Carlo algorithm. We also demonstrate, for the first time, the utilization of FPGA to accelerate a typical tensor network algorithm. Our findings unambiguously highlight the significant advantages of hardware implementation and pave the way for novel approaches to many-body calculations.
Effect of Gamma irradiation on Physiochemical and organoleptic properties of Mango fruit (Mangifera indica L.)
Authors: Salahuddin Bitanni , Khan Inamullah , Rahman Habib ur , Daud M. K.
Published: June 2024

The coconut scale, Aspidiotus destructor Signoret (Hemipteran: Diaspididae) is a regulated pest of tropical fruits and can be controlled through gamma irradiation for quarantine security. In the present study, mango fruits cv. Langra were exposed to gamma irradiation within the range of Phytosanitary irradiation treatments in the dose range of 100–250 Gy and the effect was monitored on the quality of irradiated fruits. Post-irradiated mangoes were stored at a temperature of 29.3 ± 1.4 and RH 42 ± 2.6% for 8 days to determine physiochemical analysis of irradiated and unirradiated mango fruits. Results showed stability in weight loss and firmness with irradiation as well and total soluble solids were also lower in irradiated fruits than control. Titrable acidity, vitamin C, and pH values were significantly higher in irradiated fruits as compared to control at all storage levels. Sensory evaluation through odor, appearance, taste, texture, and overall acceptability decreased with storage duration; however, irradiated fruits were acceptable to the consumer for up to 8 days while un-irradiated fruits lost more than 50% of their quality at the same period. It is concluded that irradiations have no adverse effects on fruit quality, but rather improve consumer’s acceptability and may be used safely as phytosanitary control measures in mango and other fresh fruits for export purposes.
Development of a centralized progress management system using lean thinking and efforts to improve operations
Authors: Yahata Seiji , Tanaka Isao , Takeuchi Masami , Goto Yasuhiro , Shiina Isao , Nakayama Satoshi , Shimura Kazuo
Published: June 2024

In this study, behavioral analysis and improvement plans were performed using Lean Thinking. Utilizing information and communication technology, we considered improving and increasing the utilization rate of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination reservation slots, reducing the number of days waiting for reservations, and reducing examination reservations to other facilities. We visualized the workflow using four tools: Value Stream Map, Standard work, Spaghetti chart, and root cause analysis. Brainstorming was implemented to formulate an improvement plan, which a weekly 15-min meeting was held to discuss daily management and further improvement plans. The number of examination reservations and examinations performed increased by 26% and 19%, respectively, after implementing the improvement plans than before. Furthermore, as detailed improvements continued through daily management, the number of examination reservations s and examinations performed increased by 34% and 28%, respectively, compared with before implementing the improvement plans. The number of waiting days for reservations decreased from an average of 45 days to an average of 5 days, and the number of examination reservations to other facilities reduced from 300 per month to 50 per month. Lean Thinking improves and increases the utilization rate of MRI examination reservation slots, reduces the number of waiting days for reservations, and reduces examination reservations to other facilities. Therefore, it could be applied to improve the throughput in the daily work of medical institutions and the work of the operation system. In addition, using daily management to turn the cycle of Lean Thinking is an important factor in improving operations.
Effect of supplemental feeding of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and compound probiotics on growth performance, immunity, fecal fermentation parameters and microbiota structure of suckling foals
Authors: WANG Jia-Hao , ZHANG Wen-Jie , LU Hao , DENG Hai-Feng , LI Hai , LIU Zhen , YANG Kai-Lun , LI Feng-Ming
Published: June 2024

(1) In this study, we investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus and compound probiotics on the growth performance and microbiota structure of suckling Ili horse foals (aged 1 month; average weight 69.83 ± 13.76 kg). (2) At d 0, d 30, d 60 and d 90 of the regular feeding period, the weights of the foals were recorded, blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein and feces were collected by rectal extraction for the determination of microbial diversity and fermentation parameters. (3) The results showed that dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus and compound probiotics in 1-month-old suckling foals affected the production of volatile fatty acids in the intestine by changing the composition and abundance of intestinal microorganisms, promoting the digestion and absorption of nutrients, enhancing the level of nutrient metabolism and immunity to promote growth performance. (4) In conclusion, dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus and compound probiotics has a time-dependent positive effect on the growth performance of suckling foals.
Mandatory Use of Only Persian in Iranian Schools
Authors: Azizi Abdullah , Azizi Nematollah , Romano David , Sajadi Seyedeh Asra , Bagh Ali Amini
Published: June 2024

This paper explores teachers’ experiences of using only Persian language in Iranian schools and its consequences. To do this qualitative method and phenomelogical approach was employed. Participants included all teachers of K-12 across Sanandaj and fifteen experienced teachers (8 male and 7 female) were selected via purposive sampling. A semi-structured interview was conducted to gather data. Using the Braun & Clarke (2012) framework, thematic analysis was applied for analyzing the data. Despite teachers emphasizing the significance of the mother tongue in various aspects such as Cultural Identity, Sense of Belonging and Communication Knowledge and Skills, they perceive that the educational system enforces a monolingual policy (Persian) through Educational Centralization, Cultural Assimilation, and A Policy of Denying or Neglecting Linguistic Rights. They also highlighted potential consequences of this policy, including Students’ Identity and Cultural Crisis, Intensifying Cultural Duality and Hindered Learning. These findings prompt policymakers to consider language minorities in educational planning.