bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between the Orientation of Leaves in Space and the Rice Development Process
Authors: Alaric Makoundou , Liana Ongouya Mouekouba Dalcantara , Chrichna Mbon Nguekou , Attibayeba
Published: July 2024

The objective of this study was to evaluate plants of SPU-79-96 forms with a short, dense, non-drooping panicle and SPU78-96 plants with a long, drooping panicle. This characteristic of these forms is the vertical arrangement of the leaves on the stem.
Methodology and Results: Four growth components were measured after sowing in the field: the angle of deviation of the leaf from the main stem, leaf area, plant height, and length of the main panicle. The experimental design was a randomized split-plot with three (3) replicates. The lowest values were observed in plants SPU-78-96(10,3 to 11,00), highest in SPU-79-96 (10,7 to 12,7 0), the leaf deviation angle in the control variety Nerica 4 was 23,7 to 25,50. The ratio of panicle length to plant height was 23,3 to 29%. Plant yield was higher (1082,4 to 1384,5g/m2) in the long panicle and was 59,13% higher than in the control variety.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the vertical arrangement of the leaves plays a role in the production process, plants with a higher PAR efficiency accumulate more biomass, thus increasing yields.
Evaluation of Infected and Non-infected Wounds Healing Activity of Eriosema robustum Hydroethanolic Leaves Extract Ointments in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Tsaffo Gael Marius , Tagne Richard S. , Ekom Steve Endeguele , Noubom Michel , Djenguemtar Josias , Kamsu Gabriel Tchuente , Feudjio Huguette Bocanestine Laure , Piankeu Aurelie Dahlia Yemeli , Famen Louis-Claire Ndel , Gatsing Donatien
Published: July 2024

Untreated diabetic wounds provide an optimal environment for bacterial growth, which, over time, can develop resistance to common antibiotics and ultimately result in amputation. Therefore, it is necessary to search for new sources of antimicrobial molecules with wound healing activity owing to the presence of different secondary metabolites in medicinal plants.
Aims: This study was to evaluate the in vivo antibacterial and diabetic wound healing capabilities of 70° hydroethanolic extract of Eriosema robustum leaves on non-infected and infected diabetic wound.
Methodology: To do this, obese albino Wistar male rats (200–280 g) were divided into eleven groups and were made diabetic by intraperitoneal injection with a low dose of streptozotocin at 45 mg/kg of body weight. An excision wound with a surface area of 314 mm2 was created on the dorsal area of each animal, except in the uninjured diabetic group (UDG). The 70° hydroethanolic extract was used to prepare 1%, 5%, and 10% ointments, with L-Mesitran serving as the reference ointment. Healing potential was assessed by measuring wound contraction rates and determining serum and tissue hydroxyproline, serum lactate deydrogenase (LDH) and total protein levels (TP). The antibacterial power evaluated in vivo of Eriosema robustum leaves was also assessed by culturing the skin after healing.
Results: The results demonstrated a significantly faster healing rate in the non-infected groups (5%,10% and L-Mesitran) compared to the infected groups. The levels of tissue hydroxyproline and total proteins were significantly (p < 0.05) elevated in all treated groups compared to infected and negative controls, unlike serum hydroxyproline levels. LDH levels were significantly (p < 0.05) elevated in both negative control group compared to the treated groups. The culture of different skin samples on previously injured areas on the 20th day of treatment showed no growth of S. aureus on completely healed areas and a low rate in the groups treated during the healing process.
Conclusion: 70° Hydroethanolic leaves extract of Eriosema robustum possess in vivoantibacterial activities and diabetic wound healing potential.
Anti-Diabetic Activities of the Extracts from Euphorbia hirta L. (Euphorbiaceae) Specie found in Burkina Faso Using α-Glucosidase Inhibitor
Authors: Karanga Yssouf , Ganamé Têeda Hamidou , Nikiema Wende-Konté Hazael Conania , Tapsoba Issa
Published: July 2024

Euphorbia hirta L. is an herbaceous plant used in traditional medicine to treat several diseases. In the present work, different fractions of Euphorbia hirta L. hydroalcoholic extract were investigated for their anti-diabetic properties on α-glucosidase’s inhibition activities. Chemical screening realized following Folin-Ciocalteu and AlCl3 methods showed that ethyl acetate (AcOET) and butanol (BuOH) extracts contain 432.687 ± 1.832 µg and 332.433 ± 1.255 µg GAE/mg of extract for phenolic compounds. The same extracts contained high levels of total flavonoids estimated at 417.850 ± 15.941 µg and 227.640 ± 2.657 μg QE/mg of extract respectively. The anti-diabetic activities revealed that AcOET and BuOH have a very significant inhibitory potential on the enzymatic activity of α-glucosidase with an IC50 values of 1.295 ± 0.035 μg/mL and 2.188 ± 0.204 μg/mL respectively compared to acarbose (IC50 = 214.825 ± 3.816 μg/mL).
Assessment of Genetic Variability, Correlation, and Path Coefficient for Yield and Its Contributing Traits in Pigeon Pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh]
Authors: Bhatt Ashish , Verma S. K. , Panwar R.K. , Yadav Harikant , Pragati Kumari , Kumawat Shubham , Naresh Thotla
Published: July 2024

The experimental material consisted of 155 pigeon pea genotypes sown in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications during the Kharif, 2023-2024 crop season at the N. E. B. Crop Research Centre of G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand. The genetic variance components, correlation, and path coefficient for seed yield and its components were estimated using these 155 pigeon pea genotypes. The highest phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) values (> 20%) were recorded for traits such as the number of pods per plant (26.45%), number of secondary branches per plant (22.72%), and seed yield per plant (20.27%). In contrast, the lowest PCV estimates (< 10%) were found for days to maturity (7.39%) and days to 50% flowering (6.73%). High estimates of the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) (> 20%) were recorded only for the number of pods per plant (23.6%). The lowest GCV estimates (< 10%) were observed for hundred seed weight (9.63%), number of seeds per pod (9.55%), plant height (9.49%), pod length (7.18%), days to maturity (6.85%), and days to 50% flowering (6.5%). The hundred seed weight showed a high positive direct effect on seed yield per plant (Genotypic = 0.58, Phenotypic = 0.47) along with a positive and significant correlation (Genotypic correlation coefficient, (rg = 0.599); Phenotypic correlation coefficient, (rp = 0.485)). Based on this investigation, it is evident that exploring genetic variability, correlations, and path analyses provides a more effective approach for selecting superior cultivars for yield and related traits.
Adaptive Location-based Routing Protocols for Dynamic Wireless Sensor Networks in Urban Cyber-physical Systems
Authors: Akinola Oluwaseun Ibrahim
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the development and enhancement of adaptive location-based routing protocols within dynamic wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in urban cyber-physical systems, recommending the implementation of the study’s innovative Urban Adaptive Location-based Routing Protocol (UALRP). This innovative protocol integrates real-time data analytics and adaptive machine learning models into its algorithmic framework to dynamically optimize routing decisions based on continuously changing urban conditions. Through the utilization of data-driven simulation models and machine learning techniques, the research sought to significantly improve the efficiency, reliability, and scalability of urban WSNs. Existing protocols such as Geographic Adaptive Fidelity (GAF), Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR), and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) were critically assessed under urban settings using extensive datasets detailing New York City's traffic patterns and environmental variables. The analysis demonstrated that while GPSR showed superior performance in terms of latency, throughput, and energy efficiency among the traditional protocols, the introduction of UALRP, with its advanced predictive and adaptive capabilities, can further optimize these metrics. The study affirms the critical role of enhancing location accuracy and the ongoing advancement of machine learning models within urban routing protocols. These insights advocate for the broader implementation of adaptive strategies like UALRP to foster the development of more resilient and efficient urban cyber-physical systems.
Enhanced Removal of Cr (VI) by PEI/nFe3O4 Ultrafiltration Membranes Using Peristaltic Pump-Driven Dynamic Adsorption
Authors: Zhang Hui-Lai , Zhu Ming-Chao , Fu Hao-Qiang , Lu Yong-Ze , Chen Shou-Wen , Hu Zhao-Xia , Li Na
Published: July 2024

In this study, Fe3O4 nanoparticles (nFe3O4) were loaded onto polyvinylidene fluoride ultrafiltration membranes and capped with polyethyleneimine in order to form PEI/nFe3O4 ultrafiltration membranes. We used a peristaltic pump as a driver for dynamic adsorption, and the PEI/nFe3O4 ultrafiltration membrane had a good ability to remove hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from wastewater. The full permeate volume of the PEI/nFe3O4 ultrafiltration membrane was maximized at pH 3. Meanwhile, the removal of Cr(VI) from the wastewater reached 98% and reduced to trivalent chromium (Cr(III)). When the initial concentration of Cr(VI) increased, the active sites on the membrane would be filled and the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) would decrease. Meanwhile, the coexisting ions affect the removal efficiency of Cr(VI), and PO43- has a strong negative effect on the removal efficiency. PEI/nFe3O4 ultrafiltration membrane is an effective combination of multifunctional nanomagnetic materials and membrane materials, which can effectively remove hexavalent chromium from wastewater. The study provides a basis for future applications in the environmental remediation of low-concentration chromium-containing wastewater.
Analisis Komparasi Visual Re-branding 3.6.9. Shanghai Dumpling & Noodle Berdasarkan Teori Brand Ideals
Authors: Hindoyo Virginia Amethysa , Muljosumarto Cindy
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini mengkomparasikan hasil visual branding 3.6.9. Shanghai Dumpling & Noodle versi setelah ­re-branding dengan versi sebelum re-branding. 3.6.9. Shanghai Dumpling & Noodle melakukan re-branding karena ingin memperkuat posisinya di pasar sebagai restoran Chinese food agar dapat menjangkau target market yang telah bergeser yaitu dewasa-muda berumur 20-40 tahun dan keluarga, sehingga tidak hanya terbatas pada target market keluarga seperti restoran Chinese food pada umumnya. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berdasarkan pengalaman magang penulis selama 7 (tujuh) bulan di VisualCast Designology yaitu agency yang menaungi klien 3.6.9. Shanghai Dumpling & Noodle. Penelitian bertujuan ingin membuktikan bahwa visual branding restoran Chinese food tidak selalu harus menggunakan gaya dan warna-warna standar bernuansa Tiongkok pada umumnya, melainkan dapat dipadukan dengan gaya modern dengan tetap mengacu kepada identitas budaya Tiongkok. Hasil dari penelitian adalah re-branding 3.6.9. Shanghai Dumpling & Noodle dengan versi lebih modern dan berbeda dengan standar desain restoran Chinese food pada umumnya, namun tetap mengacu kepada identitas kebudayaan Tiongkok, akan tetap mampu mempertahankan brand identity di benak target audiens.
Radiographic parameters improve lower extremity prosthetic alignment
Authors: Mooney Ryan , Carry Patrick , Wylie Erin , Schultz Abby , McNair Bryan , Page Carol , Biffl Susan , Heare Travis
Published: September 2013

Purpose

The goal of prosthetic fitting is to provide comfort and functionality to the patient. It is thought that incorporating the use of standing anterior–posterior long leg radiographs (LLR) into the fitting of lower extremity prostheses will provide an objective guide when making adjustments, and be a better assessment of alignment. This study compares prosthetic alignment before and after radiography-guided adjustments.

Method

This retrospective study was performed at a multidisciplinary amputee clinic on patients with congenital and/or acquired limb deficiencies. Their prosthetic alignment was evaluated by LLR and adjusted as needed. Satisfactory alignment was defined as a mechanical axis angular deviation of ≤1° and a leg length discrepancy of ≤10 mm.

Results

A total of 45 unique prostheses from 24 subjects (10 female and 14 male) were included. Post-adjustment radiographs were obtained from 29 prostheses. After the initial prosthetic fitting, the probability of a satisfactory fit was 20.0 % (95 % CI 10.9–34.9 %). Following the baseline adjustment, the probability of a satisfactory fit improved to 53.3 % (95 % CI 37.5–70.9 %). After adjustment number 4, the probability of a satisfactory fit further improved to 76.7 % (95 % CI 41.9–98.0 %). There were also significant improvements in distal offset distance ( p = 0.0040) and leg length discrepancy ( p = 0.0206). The distal offset distance decreased by an average of 10.7 mm (95 % CI 3.6–17.8), and leg length discrepancy decreased by an average of 3.0 mm (95 % CI 00.48–5.5).

Conclusions

The addition of LLRs to existing fitting methods significantly improves prosthetic alignment and length.
Caspase‐mediated cleavage and DNase activity of the translation initiation factor 3, subunit G (eIF3g)
Authors: Kim Jong-Tae , Lee Seon-Jin , Kim Bo-Yeon , Lee Chul-Ho , Yeom Young Il , Choe Yong-Kyung , Yoon Do-Young , Chae Suhn-Kee , Kim Jung Woo , Yang Young , Lim Jong-Seok , Lee Hee Gu
Published: September 2013

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 is composed of 13 subunits (eIF3a through eIF3m) and plays an essential role in translation. During apoptosis, several caspases rapidly down‐regulate protein synthesis by cleaving eIF4G, ‐4B, ‐3j, and ‐2α. In this study, we found that the activation of caspases by cisplatin in T24 cells induces the cleavage of subunit G of the eIF3 complex (eIF3g). The cleavage site (SLRD220G) was identified, and we found that the cleaved N‐terminus was translocated to the nucleus, activating caspase‐3, and that it also showed a strong DNase activity. These data demonstrate the important roles of eIF3g in the translation initiation machinery and in DNA degradation during apoptosis.
20 Jahre RSA: der technische Kern der Wettbewerbsordnung in der GKV
Authors: Wasem Jürgen
Published: September 2013

Einleitung

Im wettbewerblich ausgerichteten System der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung in Deutschland ist der 1994 eingeführte Risikostrukturausgleich zur Organisation der Wettbewerbsordnung zwischen den Krankenkassen zentral. Anreize zur Risikoselektion sollen vermieden und ein Interesse der Krankenkassen an Versorgung erzeugt werden. Die Empirie zeigt, dass sich die Morbiditätsorientierung des RSA bewährt hat. Es besteht allerdings weiter Handlungsbedarf zu seiner Optimierung, insbesondere müssen die Unterdeckungen für Ältere abgebaut und die Zuweisungen für Krankengeld neu ausgestaltet werden.
Dental Extractions Using Improvised Equipment
Authors: Iserson Kenneth V.
Published: September 2013

Extracting a tooth is the final treatment for multiple dental problems. Persons who are not dentists, however, have little experience with tooth extractions. When a remote setting makes it impossible to send a patient for optimal dental treatment, the clinician may need to extract teeth, sometimes using improvised equipment. The following cases of two patients with three carious, painful molars describe such a situation. The non-dental clinicians had to improvise not only appropriate dental tools, but also personal protective equipment, a functional suction machine, medications for a dental block, a dental chair, and dental consent forms and follow-up instructions in the patients’ language. In these cases, they also communicated with their patients through a translator. To prepare to do tooth extractions in remote settings, clinicians should learn and practice dental blocks and review extraction techniques before they deploy. If they must do an extraction, clinicians should use the closest approximation available to the appropriate dental tools. When done correctly, a dental extraction can take some time and should not be rushed.
The -limit sets of quadratic Julia sets
Authors: BARWELL ANDREW D. , RAINES BRIAN E.
Published: September 2013

In this paper we characterize$\omega $-limit sets of dendritic Julia sets for quadratic maps. We use Baldwin’s symbolic representation of these spaces as a non-Hausdorff itinerary space and prove that quadratic maps with dendritic Julia sets have shadowing, and also that for all such maps, a closed invariant set is an$\omega $-limit set of a point if, and only if, it is internally chain transitive.
The Individual and the State: Presidential Address, The Tenth Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association
Authors: Willoughby Westel Woodbury
Published: September 2013

There is an unwritten and unformulated, but none the less coercive principle that governs the conduct of learned societies when assembled in full council which imposes certain limitations upon the president's address. One of these limitations is that the address shall deal in broad outline with some comprehensive or fundamental topic rather than attempt a detailed examination of a special subject. It is in conformity with this requirement that I have selected my subject for this evening. I shall speak of the various interpretations which the relation of the individual to the state has received.

This topic has furnished material for political and social speculation since the time when men began to be curious regarding their own rights and responsibilities. It may seem, therefore, futile to attempt to shed any new light upon such an ages-old inquiry. In truth, however, new conditions of life and new modes of thought give an altered significance to the question, and, therefore, justify, from time to time, its fresh examination.
Identifying the intensity of crop husbandry practices on the basis of weed floras
Authors: Jones Glynis , Bogaard Amy , Halstead Paul , Charles Michael , Smith Helen
Published: September 2013

A question of broad economic and social significance is the extent to which farming in prehistoric times, and perhaps even in historical times, was characterised by cultivation on a small scale and with intensive methods. Archaeobotanically, a distinction may be possible between intensive and extensive cultivation on the basis of the weed seeds associated with ancient grain samples. To this end, an ecological study was carried out in central Ewia of the weeds of winter-sown pulses grown both intensively in gardens and extensively in fields. The recorded weed flora was demonstrably influenced by relevant husbandry variables, such as method of tillage (with hoe or plough), weeding, manuring and soil organic content. The closest correspondence, however, was with the size, type and location of cultivated plots, suggesting that the weed flora was determined by a combination of these husbandry variables. In conclusion, the potential is briefly discussed of disentangling these variables for application in an archacobotanical context.
Knossos: the Archaic gap
Authors: Coldstream J. N. , Huxley G. L.
Published: September 2013

This article explores in detail the mysterious lacuna in the record of Knossos during the sixth century BC, between the abandonment of the collective tombs of the Early Iron Age and the revival of the city's fortunes in Classial times. The archaeological evidence, indicating a deep recession, is marshalled in three chronological sections: (i) the full stop in the seventh century, (ii) the Archaic gap, and (iii) recovery in the fifth century. Parallel developments at Amnisos are also discussed. In the light of any relevant clues from the written record, we evaluate the likelihood of various possible causes of the sixth-century recession at Knossos, whether natural or human.
Archaic Athens and the topography of the Kylon affair
Authors: Harris-Cline Diane
Published: September 2013

Working from an inscription discovered in Athens nearly 20 years ago, suggestions have been recently made by Robertson, Shear, and Dontas for the proper placement of the Archaic agora and for the Aglaurion, Prytaneion, Theseion, and Anakeion. Based upon these recent suggestions, we may now propose a location for the Archaic Altars of the Dread Goddesses (Semnai Theai) and for the route that Kylon's followers took down from the Akropolis before they were murdered in the aftermath of their conspiracyc. 632 BC.
The Early Bronze Age stone figurines from Akrotiri on Thera and their significance for the Early Cycladic settlement
Authors: Sotirakopoulou Panayiota
Published: September 2013

The recent excavations at Akrotiri on Thera have brought to light 21 new EC figurines which, taken together with those already known or completely unknown, raise the number of EC figurines from the site of 37. The Akrotiri figurines comprise a wide range of types, both schematic and naturalistic, covering almost the whole of the known EC sculptural repertoire and also introduce types which are entirely new. Thus they constitute a significant body of evidence, for the following reasons: first, because they show unmistakably the importance of the settlement at Akrotiri already in the third millennium BC; second, because, by contrast with most EC figurines, they come from a systematic excavation; and third, because, including types and showing features up until now rarely seen or even completely unknown in the Cyclades and the Aegean, they enrich our knowledge of EC figurative sculpture and offer us the possibility of drawing a number of inferences.
The Vat Room deposit at Knossos: the unpublished notes of Sir Arthur Evans
Authors: Panagiotaki Marina
Published: September 2013

This article is based on a set of notes written by Sir Arthur Evans on the objects retrieved from a pit found under the gypsum floor of the Vat Room, known as the ‘Vat Room Deposit’. Evans made annotated drawings of the most important objects, stressing notable features and often recording the total number of similar objects. Objects which were not published by Evans have now been identified through these notes and appear here for the first time.
An early inscription from Skiathos
Authors: Johnston Alan
Published: September 2013

The publication of a partly preserved grave stele, built into a house on the island of Skiathos and assumed to be from ancient Skiathos. The inscription, in Ionic script of the late Archaic period, commemorates a Samian. The most likely reading shows that his name was Pelyessios, and that he is given a ‘tribal’ affiliation, Lykophronides; this is our earliest evidence for that system, in the earliest known Skiathian inscription.
Clay Analyses of Archaic Greek Pottery
Authors: Boardman J. , Schweizer F.
Published: September 2013

The study of Greek pottery of the Archaic period has reached the point at which most groups can be identified on stylistic grounds alone and confidently assigned to their place of manufacture, while in some groups works of individual studios, painters, and potters can be detected. There remain, however, both many problem pieces whose origin is disputed or unknown, and some major classes about which, for example, it is still possible to argue whether they were made in Italy or Greece. This is a field in which the techniques of clay analysis might prove beneficent, and this article presents the provisional results of the first of a series of tests designed to explore this potential.
A Roman Portrait Bust from Knossos
Authors: Waywell G. B.
Published: September 2013

A fine Roman portrait bust was found by chance at Knossos in July 1971, when a trench was being dug by a mechanical excavator in the field to the north of the Villa Ariadne, an area which probably formed part of the better residential quarter of Roman Knossos. It was discovered beneath a thick Roman concrete floor, which was visible in the side of the trench about 1 metre below the present-day ground level. It is now in the museum at Herakleion.
A Minoan potter's wheel with ‘marine’ decoration from Skhinias, Mirabello district
Authors: Eliopoulos Theodore
Published: September 2013

A Minoan potter's wheel is published, with the peculiar element of appliqué relief sea-shells. The object was found by chance a few years before World War II near the village of Skhinias, in the Upper Mirabello region of NE Crete, and remained unknown until now. It is the first instance of real decoration on a potter's wheel. It can be dated between MM II and LM I and could have come from Malia.
The extent of Spartan territory in the late Classical and Hellenistic periods
Authors: Shipley Graham
Published: September 2013

As part of a wider investigation of landscape change in the late Classical and Hellenistic Peloponnese, this paper reviews the written and archaeological evidence for the Lakedaimonian Perioikoi and the extent of Spartan-dominated territory. While the north-western perioikic poleis were lost mainly in or soon after 369 BC, some survived under Megalopolitan control. The Thyreatis was probably Spartan until 338, but there is no evidence that the southern Parnon coast was removed until the late third or early second century. Of Spartan core territory, Sellasia was lost finally in 222, Geronthrai then or later, but other poleis probably remained Spartan. Those of the Malea and Tainaron peninsulas were probably lost mainly in 195 BC. The resulting catalogue of settlements forming part of the Lakedaimonian state at different dates lays the foundation for further historical studies.
An Inscription from Chios
Authors: Derow P. S. , Forrest W. G.
Published: September 2013

In 1951 the late N. M. Kontoleon carried out a small excavation beside the church of Agioi Anargyroi, some 200 yards west of the main square of modern Chios town. In the wall of an undated tomb linked physically but not chronologically with an also undated basilica he discovered an inscription which, with his usual generosity, he allowed W. G. F. to copy, squeeze, and photograph in 1952. Unfortunately Kontoleon did not find time to give more than a partial publication and brief discussion of the text before his death, but Th. Sarikakis has now published the whole with a commentary and this has been followed by the extensive and (as always) illuminating comments of J. and L. Robert and the fuller treatment of L. Moretti (see bibliography below). In view, however, of the importance of the document, we feel it may be useful to present a somewhat corrected version (the result of frequent contemplation by W.G.F. between 1952 and 1967 and a thorough re-examination by P.S.D. in 1979), along with some detailed commentary and arguments about its date and immediate context. We should like to thank A. P. Stephanou, the former director of the Archaeological Museum in Chios, for his constant patience and kindness, and his successor, Miss A. Zacharou, for more recent help. Both, we are sure, would approve our dedication of this note to the memory of Kontoleon.
Frankish and French Coins from Ayios Stephanos, Laconia
Authors: Janko R.
Published: September 2013

The site of Ayios Stephanos, a low hill at the NW. edge of the coastal plain in southern Laconia, was excavated in 1959, 1960, 1963, 1973, 1974, and 1977, under the direction of Lord William Taylour, and the auspices of the British School at Athens. The excavations have revealed a prehistoric settlement directly overlain by medieval buildings. Pottery of this latter period is difficult to date, but fortunately study of the numismatic evidence yields a terminus post quern in the mid thirteenth century, and the coins continue to c.1320 a.d. There was no subsequent occupation of the site. Since the medieval coins are of some historical and numismatic interest, the excavator has agreed that this article should appear in advance of the main publication of the site.
Another Eleusinian Kernos from Laureion
Authors: Jones J. Ellis
Published: September 2013

It is the aim of this note to publish, as soon as possible after its discovery, a single kernos found in the Laureion. The significance of the piece is that it is another example of an uncommon type of pot recently studied and thought to be in effect confined, in Greece, to Eleusis and Athens— apart from one lone stray also found somewhere in that same Laureion district. A further interest is that both Laureion kernoi came from mining sites, but whereas the first was a surface find from a slag heap, the new kernos was found in the course of excavations, in a closed archaeological context.
Recent and Fossil Shells from Tomb xviii, Gypsades cemetery, Knossos, Crete
Authors: Reese David S.
Published: September 2013

Tomb XVIII in the Gypsades cemetery, south of the Knossos Palace, was excavated by Sinclair Hood, George Huxley, and Nancy Sandars in 1955 and published in 1959.1

The main chamber contained at least 9 burials. Only a handful of objects were found associated with these burials: a small bronze bead with the skull of Skeleton II, 4 small, plain vessels with the skull of Skeleton III, silver ear-rings with Skeleton IV, a lentoid sealstone of hammered silver or meteorite with Burial VII, and a small bronze link with Burial VIII.
Surface treatment of Neolithic vessels from Macedonia and Thrace
Authors: Yiouni Paraskevi
Published: September 2013

This article examines the methods of surface treatment of the Neolithic vessels from northern Greece. The work is based on the study of a large sample of ceramics, covering the whole span of the Neolithic, from Macedonia and Thrace. Macroscopic study of the material was complemented by microscopic examination (SEM and petrographic analysis) and retiring tests. The results are compared with data from other technological analyses of Neolithic vessels from northern Greece. Apart from identifying, in some cases for the first time, methods of surface treatment and materials used by the potters of these regions, the present study considers the changes in surface treatment and firing techniques through time.
The House of Kadmos in Mycenaean Thebes reconsidered: architecture, chronology, and context
Authors: Dakouri-Hild Anastasia
Published: September 2013

This article concerns the House of Kadmos or ‘old palace’ in Boeotian Thebes, which was excavated by Keramopoullos between 1906 and 1929. It entails the study of the architecture within the Theban landscape and the context of other Mycenaean structures later unearthed in its vicinity, as well as a preliminary stratigraphic and chronological reexamination of available data. It is concluded that the House of Kadmos would have been a free-standing palatial building, but the reconstruction of a ‘typical’ tripartite megaron with a columned porch is questioned. A LH II construction date is not deemed impossible, but the basis on which it has been put forward is considered to be inadequate. On the other hand, an early LH III B1 destruction date seems very plausible on the basis of decorated pottery securely assigned to the destruction fill. Some groups of previously unpublished decorated pottery from the site do not suffice to clarify the destruction date, but seem to be in accord with this conclusion. Hopefully, the ongoing study of the ceramic assemblage will eventually cast more light on Theban chronology.
Mycenaean pottery from Qantir-Piramesse, Egypt
Authors: Mountjoy P. A. , Mommsen H.
Published: September 2013

LH IIIB pottery from Qantir-Piramesse is presented. Although fragmentary, the material is an important addition to the corpus, as pottery dating to this phase is not common in Egypt. NAA chemical analysis suggests that most of it is imported from the Argolid, but that there are some imports from Cyprus and Palestine. Some local production in Egypt is also indicated.
Laconian lead figurines: mineral extraction and exchange in the Archaic Mediterranean
Authors: Gill David , Vickers Michael
Published: September 2013

More than 100,000 lead figurines are reported to have been found in the sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta. It has been suggested that these mass-produced votives were obtained from locally mined lead. Lead votives in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, were selected as representative of each ‘layer’ from the British excavations of the early twentieth century. Lead isotope analysis of the votives was conducted in the Oxford Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art and demonstrated that the lead was apparently derived from Lavrion as a by-product of silver extraction. There is a possibility that Attic silver, as well as lead, could have been used in Archaic Laconia.
Towards Understanding Doric Design: The Stylobate and Intercolumniations
Authors: Coulton J. J.
Published: September 2013

Most of the efforts of students of Greek architecture have been devoted to two questions: what the buildings were like and when they were built, rather than to the manner of their design. This emphasis has obviously been justified, for those are the primary questions which must be reasonably well answered before the ‘whys’ and ‘hows’ can be approached. But our understanding of these primary questions has reached a stage where attention to the secondary questions is justified, not only because of their intrinsic interest, but also because a detailed study of proportion has become an established tool of stylistic dating. Some understanding of, or at least some hypothesis about, the way such proportions were envisaged and put into practice by ancient architects is necessary, in order to find out what proportions should most usefully be considered, and at what point small changes in them may represent a significant stylistic change.
The Tumulus-Burials of Leucas and their Connections in the Balkans and Northern Greece
Authors: Hammond N. G. L.
Published: September 2013

The discovery of so many tumulus-burials since 1955, especially in Albania and Greece, has lent an added importance to the tumulus-burials which were excavated by W. Dörpfeld in Leucas. The dating of the latter has always been controversial; and it should be reconsidered in the light of the new evidence. This article is concerned with the relationship only between the Leucas tumuli and those in Albania and northern Greece, because I have discussed elsewhere some of the links between the tumuli in Leucas and those in the Peloponnese and Attica.
Savakis's Bothros: A Minor Sounding at Knossos
Authors: Cameron M. A. S.
Published: September 2013

In October 1968 at the request of the Ephor of Crete and Director of the Herakleion Museum, Dr. Stylianos Alexiou, the author supervised an emergency excavation arising from plans to install a water sump or ‘bothros’ below a cement-paved patio in front of the property of N. Savakis at Knossos. The site lies immediately to the east of the main road to the village, at a point almost opposite the entrance leading to the School's ‘Taverna’ and the Villa Ariadne. It is of interest for its location towards the northern limits of the Minoan town; for evidence of habitation in the vicinity during the Middle Minoan to Late Minoan periods, if not perhaps earlier and later; for a destruction here by fire possibly in the LM IIIA 1 period; and for the finds which turned up—notably of several fragmentary or restorable LM II and LM III vases (nos. 1–7) and of a remarkable ‘miniature’ fresco fragment (Fig. 3a and Plate 3a–b). As only a passing mention has previously appeared, a more detailed account of this site follows.
A Note on the Identification of Fresco Material from the British Campaigns at Palaikastro, 1902–1906
Authors: Cameron M. A. S. , Jones R. E.
Published: September 2013

Among the trays of fresco-fragments from Sir Arthur Evans's excavations at Knossos, now stored in the Herakleion Museum, there are several only tentatively ascribed to that site. They fall into two groups according to Dr. Helga Reusch's reorganization of the material in 1961: trays HM 111–60 are labelled ‘Knossos’, but HM 161–9 and 239–40 are marked ‘Knossos?’. Of both groups Dr. Reusch has rightly noted: ‘Ohne nähere Angabe der Fundstelle’. In January 1975 the Director of the Herakleion Museum, Dr. Stylianos Alexiou, kindly permitted Mr. Cameron to re-examine the Knossian material and a brief review of the trays under discussion was conducted on that occasion. Their general ascription to Knossos seemed acceptable except for two trays of which the contents looked anomalous by Knossian norms.
A Note on Two Mycenaean Parasol Kraters
Authors: Crouwel Joost
Published: September 2013

In BSA lxviii I discussed some fragments belonging to a Mycenaean deep bowl krater on which a chariot and a parasol can be identified (Plate 8a). The fragments come from the Citadel House area at Mycenae and date to LH IIIB. The attempt to reconstruct the original representation on the vase centred on the position of the parasol, whether it was inside or outside the chariot. The former was considered the more likely possibility, partly in the light of a few Mycenaean terracotta chariot models which feature parasols. A precise reconstruction could not be made owing to the extremely fragmentary nature of the krater.
A New Figured Krater from Knossos
Authors: Musgrave Jonathan H. , Sackett Hugh
Published: September 2013

During the summer of 1975 several rescue excavations at building sites in the Knossos area were undertaken by the British School, at the request of the Heraklion ephorate of antiquities. In the two areas investigated, Protogeometric or Geometric tombs and tomb deposits were found. The krater published here comes from one of these, and was found in a partly destroyed chamber tomb at Tekke (now Ambelokipi) about one kilometre to the north of Knossos. The site is near the Tekke crossroads, no more than 15 metres from the main Knossos to Heraklion road, on the south side of the minor road, and in the property of A. Kiladhi, plan FIG. 1. The tombs or pottery deposits labelled A to D on this plan, though productive, were in most cases disturbed, and need further study before publication is possible; we are here concerned only with Tomb E.
The Perachora Waterworks: Addenda
Authors: Tomlinson R. A.
Published: September 2013

1. During a visit to Perachora in April 1975 a new fragment of the runnel or water channel running from the top of the deep shafts to the storage chambers was observed. It consists of a fragmentary block of the local hard limestone, with a partly preserved water-proof lining. It had evidently been ploughed up from the field immediately to the north of the easternmost deep shaft. The total original width of the block was 0·32 m. The original length is not preserved. It has now been taken to the Perachora museum.
Scientific Analyses of Minoan Fresco Samples from Knossos
Authors: Cameron M. A. S. , Jones R. E. , Philippakis S. E.
Published: September 2013

The stratigraphical excavations of the British School at Athens of the Minoan settlement at Knossos on Crete following the Second World War have produced, among much else, many fragmentary remains of wall paintings in datable archaeological contexts of almost every period from Early Minoan I to Late Minoan IIIB (c.3000–1200 B.C.). This circumstance therefore presented an excellent opportunity to examine and analyse scientifically fresco samples spanning almost the entire Minoan epoch in the hope that it might be possible to fill in some of the gaps in present knowledge of Minoan wall painting technology. A cursory glance at the published reports of Aegean Bronze Age fresco analyses, especially prior to research since 1974, indicates the ‘gaps’ to be both wide and many: so few samples had been examined from any one site, or from any one period, or from paintings of any serious art-historical significance at all, that the scientific, statistical, and art-historical basis of this field of research seemed very dubiously established. The present study, which has grown from Dr. Mark Cameron's preparation of the publication of the new fresco material from these excavations, only became feasible when suitable laboratory facilities presented themselves.
KRS 1976: Excavations at a Shrine of Glaukos, Knossos
Authors: Callaghan P. J.
Published: September 2013

The site lies on the sloping ground east of the Acropolis, about 300 m. west of the central court of the Minoan palace and 200 m. south of the Unexplored Mansion. In Classical antiquity it must have been on the southern edge of the built-up city; more recently a small olive grove stood there, but this has been increasingly encroached upon by the southward extension of Knossos village. In 1974 house-building operations on the plot of Mr. C. Vlachakis revealed traces of ancient habitation and a cache of Roman sculpture. In the summer of 1976 the sinking of a bothros behind the new Vlachakis house brought to light a stretch of ancient walling and Hellenistic sherds in some quantity. A new excavation was undertaken by the B.S.A. at the request of Dr. St. Alexiou, Ephor of Antiquities in Iraklion and work continued for approximately six weeks. The trenches were then filled in and, later, covered over by a concrete terrace. The present paper contains a detailed study of all the stratigraphy and architectural phases together with a description and interpretation of the Classical and Hellenistic assemblage and occupation. Future papers will deal with the terracottas of this phase and with the earlier and later material.
Some unpublished Mycenaean Objects from Vrysarion (Kato Goumenitsa) in Achaea
Authors: Papadopoulos Thanasis
Published: September 2013

While engaged early in 1977 in the study of Mycenaean material in the storerooms of the Patras Museum, I discovered one box containing some unpublished Mycenaean objects coming from Professor Yialouris' excavations of three LH chamber tombs found by chance at Vrysarion (Kato Goumenitsa) in the Kalavryta region of Achaea in 1959–60. These tombs belong to the large Mycenaean cemetery, at the locality ‘Ayia Paraskevi’, partly excavated by Kyparisses before the war.
A Catalogue of Books printed between 1498 and 1700 now in the Library of the British School at Athens
Authors: Rhodes Dennis E.
Published: September 2013

The nucleus of the collection of books printed before 1701 which are now in the Library of the British School at Athens was left by the distinguished historian of Greece, George Finlay ( 1799–1875), whose name the library still bears. His father, John Finlay (1757–1802), a Major in the Royal Engineers and a Fellow of the Royal Society, who had seen service in the West Indies, was already a book-collector, and many of the books contain his printed label. He was in charge of the Government Powder Mills at Faversham in Kent when his second son, George, was born there on 21 December 1799. Three years later John Finlay died, and in 1806 or 1807 Mrs. Finlay married Alexander MacGregor, a Liverpool merchant. George was put into a boarding school for some years at Everton, Liverpool; and it was here, in 1815, when he was not yet sixteen, that we have the first evidence of his love of books, for he bought in that year at least one seventeenth-century edition. He was later moved to Glasgow to live with an uncle, and afterwards spent some time at the University of Göttingen.
Sliding panels at Knossos
Authors: Shaw Joseph W.
Published: September 2013

I. While excavating at Knossos, Sir Arthur Evans discovered remains of a uniform group of unusual, if not unique, compartments in the North-east area of the Minoan Palace (Plates 32–3, Figs. 1–4). Unlike most groups of adjacent rooms of similar dimensions facing on to a corridor, those at Knossos are joined neither by doorways nor by solid party walls. Rather, their common side walls are interrupted by openings that, from all indications, were designed to be closed or opened by means of sliding panels. These panels, which were probably of wood, would have been slid into grooves, provided for them, by someone standing outside of the rooms themselves.
J.D.S. Pendlebury's Excavations in the Plain of Lasithi. The Iron Age sites
Authors: Vance Watrous Livingston
Published: September 2013

John Pendlebury excavated a number of ancient sites in the upland Plain of Lasithi in central Crete (Fig. 1) during the years 1936 – 1938. The prehistoric sites which he excavated were published in this annual before his death in World War II. This article describes the results of his excavations at three Iron Age settlements and their cemeteries in Lasithi.

The three sites – Agios Georgios Papoura, Donadhes, and Kolonna – are located along the northern edge of the Lasithi plain (Fig. 2). The finds from each excavation can be summarized as follows: I. Agios Georgios Papoura: Protogeometric to Archaic pottery from the settlement, and a nearby tomb of the Geometric period; II. Donadhes: a sixth century B.C. pottery deposit from an incompletely preserved building; III. Kolonna: two buildings, the first Archaic in date, and the second a weaving and dyeing establishment of the third century B.C., and a nearby tomb of the Archaic and Hellenistic periods.
The Mono-Kairos Windmills of Lasithi
Authors: Calvert N. G.
Published: September 2013

In the 1850s Captain T. A. B. Spratt, subsequently to become Admiral and Director of the Mediterranean Survey, was engaged on the charting of the Aegean. This work was interrupted by the Crimean War and later resumed. Captain Spratt had under his command the paddle frigate Spitfire and the tender Auxiliar, from which he necessarily made journeys ashore in Crete in order to complete the triangulation of the Aegean from the mountain summits to the adjacent islands. On these journeys he took a keen interest in the location of Classical sites. In this respect he followed some thirty years after Robert Pashley whose pioneering work Spratt is reported to have been able occasionally to supplement or correct.
Hadra Hydriae and Central Crete: A Fabric Analysis
Authors: Callaghan P. J. , Jones R. E.
Published: September 2013

Stylistic reasons are given for believing that many of the Hadra hydriae found in the Hellenistic cemeteries of Alexandria were made in Crete.

Analyses of the clay compositions of a group of Hadra vases are compared with control samples from Cretan sites and the Nile Valley. The results suggest, together with the stylistic evidence, that Crete is a likely home for the workshops producing Hadra vases.
The Arrangement of some Grave Goods in the Dark Age Cemeteries of Lefkandi
Authors: Catling H. W.
Published: September 2013

The arrangement of the small finds in the tombs at Lefkandi is described, tomb by tomb. Find positions are interpreted in relation to the probable placing of the burials.
Three Vase-Groups from the Purification Trench on Rheneia and the Evidence for a Parian Pottery Tradition
Authors: Sheedy K. A.
Published: September 2013

Three vase-groups, largely drawn from material found in the Purification Trench on Rheneia and published in Délos 15 and 17, are discussed in this paper. The first belongs to the Late Geometric period while the other two are to be placed in the first half of the seventh century BC. All three may be linked in sequence and together illustrate a pottery tradition which is likely to be Parian. Evidence is presented linking the Attic Würzburg Group with a Cycladic artist here identified as the Ad Painter and located on Paros.
Some Attic Inscriptions: (BSA 79 [1984] 289–306)
Authors: Stanton G. R.
Published: September 2013

This note concerns two inscriptions discussed in the author's article in BSA 79 (1984) 289–306, which are now illustrated.