bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Study on UV Spectrum and Active Site of Penicillin
Authors: Tianyu Tang , Wenjing Wang , Limin Lu , Li Li , Yanlin Tang
Published: April 2022

The research of frontier orbit and active site of penicillin molecule has theoretical and practical significance to better understand the physical and chemical properties of penicillin molecule, to synthesize penicillin molecule and to develop its new pharmacological properties. In this paper, based on density functional theory, the spatial structure of penicillin molecules was firstly constructed by using Gaussian View 6.0 software, and the configuration optimization and frequency calculation of penicillin molecules were performed by using Gaussian09 software at the B3LYP/ 6-311g (D, P) basis set level. On the basis of structural optimization, based on time-dependent density functional theory, 25 excited states of penicillin molecules in aqueous solution were calculated, and then the frontier orbitals and active sites of penicillin molecules were analyzed by Multiwfn3.6 software, Fukui function method and frontier orbital theory method. The UV spectrum was plotted with Origin2017 software. The results show that the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccpied molecular orbital (LUMO) of penicillin molecule are the 88th and 89th electron orbital, respectively. The maximum absorption peak of penicillin molecule UV spectrum is at 220.89nm, and its absorption mole coefficient is 6960.18L/mol/cm. It is mainly formed by the transition from the ground state S0 of the electronic state to the excited state S2, S4, S9, S11 and S12 of the electronic state, and the transition from S0 to the excited state S4 is the biggest contributor to the UV spectrum. The nucleophile site of penicillin molecule is C35 and the potentiophile site is S25.
Expression of RPL32 predicts response to anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Liu Huili , Ma Jianli , Fang Xue , Tang Dabei
Published: April 2022

Background
Ribosomal protein 32 (RPL32) plays an important role in carcinogenesis. Previous studies have shown that RPL32 is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumor tissues. Nevertheless, the clinicopathological features and functional role of RPL32 in triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)patients treated with anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) chemotherapy are still unclear.
Methods
In order to fill this gap, we systematically analyzed the expression of RPL32 in cancer tissues of 96 TNBC patients treated with anthracycline-based NAC and the relationship between RPL32 and clinical features of TNBC. We also discussed the relationship between RPL32 expression and adriamycin resistance in TNBC cells. KM analysis was used to determine the relationship between RPL32 and DFS, DDFS and OS. Univariate and multivariate logistics analysis was used to evaluate whether RPL32 was an independent factor of pCR in TNBC patients.
Results
The IHC staining showed 30 (31.25%) RPL32 protein was located in the TNBC cytoplasm. The RPL32 expression was linked with MP grading, lymph node metastasis, and whether achieved pCR. In vitro, RPL32 up-regulation substantially augmented the ability of TNBC cells to form lines colonies. RPL32 overexpression in TNBC cells enhanced Akt phosphorylation. RPL32 overexpression was shown to be correlated to lower DFS, DDFS, and OS. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that expression of RPL32 was the independent factor associated with pCR.
Conclusion
The findings suggest that RPL32 may be a potential marker of TNBC patients' response to NAC and has clinical significance as a target for improving chemosensitivity.
Individual and community-level factors associated with under-five diarrhea in Bangladesh: Evidence from Demographic and Health Survey 2014
Authors: Kamal Moustafa , Tewabe Tilahun , Tsheten Tsheten
Published: April 2022

Objective
Diarrheal disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among children under five years in Bangladesh. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of diarrhea among children under five years and its associated risk factors.
Methods
Data was sourced from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS), a nationally representative study conducted in 2014. We used multilevel logistic regression models to identify factors associated with diarrheal disease.
Results
Children aged 6–11 months (OR: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.50 to 3.42), and 12–23 months (OR: 2.31; 95% CI: 1.62 to 3.31) were more likely to have diarrhoea than older children. Other significant risk factors for diarrheal infection included households without access to drinking water (OR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.88) and mothers lacking mass media access (OR: 1.32; 55% CI: 1.01 to 1.73).
Conclusions
Childhood diarrhoea in Bangladesh was associated with individual and community-level factors. Government and non-government organizations should focus on diarrhea prevention programs such as safe water supply and sanitation, personal hygiene including hand washing, and improved education and access to mass media for mothers of childbearing age.
Smart Phone Addiction Characteristics and Development Mechanism of Deaf or Hard-of-Hearing Students: a Mediating Effect Interpretive Model
Authors: guan wenjun , tao yuhong , liu chen , liu jingjing
Published: April 2022

The overuse of smart phone may cause addiction, however, the deaf or hard-of-hearing addicts haven’t gained enough attention. The purpose of this study is to address the characteristics of mobile phone addiction of students who are deaf or hard-of-hearing( hereafter DHH), and to explore the possible formation mechanism of mobile phone addiction of Chinese DHH students through a mediating model. The data were collected by recruiting 570 Chinese DHH students in junior high schools, senior high schools and universities to finish questionnaires of Mobile Phone Addiction Index, Perceived Discrimination Questionnaire and Sense of Security Questionnaire. The results show that: (1) 47.4% of DHH students have mobile phone addiction tendency; (2) the degree of mobile phone addiction of girls is significantly higher than that of boys; (3) the degree of mobile phone addiction of DHH students who can successfully communicate with ordinary people is significantly lower than that of those who can communicate at an acceptable dis-fluency and those who suffer apraxia; (4) there is a significant positive correlation between the discrimination perception of DHH students and their mobile phone addiction; (5) the sense of security plays a complete mediating role between the perception of discrimination and mobile phone addiction of DHH students. It shows that some deaf or hard-of-hearing people may have obvious problems of smart phone addiction. The perception of discrimination is the possible cause of smart phone addiction of the DHH people, and plays an indirect role through the sense of security. In conclusion, this study proposes a possible explanatory model of mobile phone addiction in DHH people, which can provide reference for early intervention in the prevention and intervention of mobile phone addiction in DHH people. Public Significance Statement: The research has put forward an explaining model for Chinese DHH students’ smart phone addiction,which may offer suggestions towards this phenomenon’s early intervention.
Breastfeeding duration and its effective factors in mothers with children aged 30-36 months in Kerman province, Iran
Authors: Mirafzali Sedigheh , Sari Ali Akbari , Alizadeh Somayeh , Iranpour Abedin
Published: April 2022

Introduction
: Complete cessation of breastfeeding (CCB) at the right time is as important as starting breastfeeding, as well as identifying the factors that affect the duration of breastfeeding, so that breastfeeding promotion programs focus on these causes, to increase mothers' ability and desire to breastfeed. This study aimed to determine the time of CCB and its related factors.
Methods
This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Iran in 2020. This study was performed at all health centers and health homes affiliated to kerman University of Medical Sciences, kerman, Iran. A total of 802 urban and rural mothers with children aged from 30 to 36 months completed the questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed by Cronbach's alpha of 85%. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16.
Results
The mean time of breastfeeding was 19.23 ± 7.09 and the median was 22-month-year. About 41% of children were breastfed until 24-month-year. There was a significant relationship between the time of cessation of breastfeeding with contraception, number of households, place of residence, and weight at 6-month-year at the level of 0.05.
Conclusion
Duration of breastfeeding is influenced by some demographic and cultural factors. The timing of the CCB is near to the suggestions of the World Health Organization (WHO) and religious teachings.
Improvement of set yogurt shelf life and quality by protective edible layers incorporated with Lactobacillus plantarum
Authors: Kalantarmahdavi Mahboubeh , Salari Amir , Khanzadi Saeid
Published: April 2022

In this study, layers were designed to protect yogurt using sourdough powder, wheat flour, and gelatin incorporated with Lactobacillus plantarum. The antimicrobial and antifungal (against Aspergillus terreus) characteristics of designed layers were investigated in vitro. After yogurt preparation, designed layers were placed on the surface of samples and stored at 4°C for 21 days. The physical and microbial properties and susceptibility to the growth of A. terreus in samples were assessed. For sensory evaluation, samples mixed with layers and yogurt without layers were evaluated. The in vitro antimicrobial and antifungal results indicated that the bacterial gelatin layer had the largest inhibitory zone, and the bacterial sourdough layer had the maximum inhibition growth against A. trreus. The viability of L. plantarum in the sourdough layer remained more than 106 CFU/g after two weeks on the yogurt. The designed layers could reduce the syneresis and pH of yogurt during storage in all cases. The sourdough and wheat flour layers could prevent fungal growth for at least 7 days. The taste of yogurt mixed with the bacterial wheat flour layer received the highest score, while the taste of the yogurt that had been protected with the sourdough layer was better than other samples.
A mALBI-Child-Pugh based nomogram for predicting post-hepatectomy liver failure grade B – C in patients with huge hepatocellular carcinoma: a multi-institutional study
Authors: Xu Ming-Hao , Xu Bin , Zhou Chen-Hao , Xue Zhong , Chen Zhao-Shuo , Xu Wen-Xin , Huang Cheng , Zhu Xiao-Dong , Zhou Jian , Fan Jia , Sun Hui-Chuan , Shen Ying-Hao
Published: April 2022

Objective
Post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) is a severe complication in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent hepatectomy. This study aims to develop a nomogram of severe PHLF in patients with huge HCC (diameter ≥ 10 cm).
Methods
We retrospectively collected clinical information of 514 and 97 patients who underwent hepatectomy for huge HCC at two medical centers between 2016 and 2021. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to screen independent factors of PHLF grade B-C, which were visualized as a nomogram.
Results
343, 171, and 97 HCC patients were included in the training cohort, internal validation cohort, and external validation cohort, with probabilities of PHLF grade B – C of 15.1%, 12.9%, and 22.7%, respectively. Pre-operative modified albumin-bilirubin (mALBI) grade (p < 0.001), Child-Pugh class (p = 0.044), international normalized ratio (INR) (p = 0.006), cirrhosis (p = 0.002) and intraoperative blood loss (p = 0.004) were found to independently associate with PHLF grade B – C in the training cohort. All five independent factors were used to establish the nomogram model. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve for the nomogram in predicting PHLF grade B – C reached 0.823 and 0.740 in the internal validation cohort and external validation cohort, respectively. After grouping the patients into different risk groups according to the optimal cut-off value, patients in the high-risk group experienced significantly higher frequency of PHLF grade B – C than those in the low-risk group, both in the training cohort and in the validation cohort (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
The proposed noninvasive nomogram based on mALBI-Child-Pugh and three other indicators achieved optimal prediction of PHLF grade B-C in patients with huge HCC.
OSBPL Family Genes serves as a potential biomarker for poor prognosis in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Peng Bosen , Zhou Xuebing , Yang Chunyu , Chen Dan , Han Longzhe , Ren Xiangshan
Published: April 2022

Background: Renal cell carcinoma is one of the most malignant tumors originated from urinary tubular epithelia system and renal parenchyma, among which we can see kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) most frequently in clinic. Furthermore, members of oxysterol-binding protein-like (OSBPL) gene family play an important coordinating role in intercellular communication and lipid flow. Recently, it has been reported that OSBPL is highly expressed in some cancers and promotes the occurrence, metastasis and invasion of cancer cells.Methods: We used Oncolnc, cBioportal and other databases to analyze the data related to OSBPL family genes in patient with KIRC, such as the prognostic values of OSBPL gene family members for KIRC, and the possible mechanism of regulatory of OSBPL in the development and occurrence of KIRC.Results: In patients with KIRC, we found that the expressions of OSBPL5 and OSBPL7 are highly upregulated. TIMER 2.0 analyses showed that OSBPL expression is connected with the infiltration of multiple immune cells.Conclusion: Our study show that OSBPL gene family members especially OSBPL5 and OSBPL7 may have an important influence in KIRC and serve as a potential biomarker for poor prognosis and their expression is related to immune cell infiltration.
Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the adaptability of Sophora davidii under low phosphorus stress
Authors: Chen Keke , Wang Lei-ting , Sun Hang , Zhao Li-Li , Wang Pu-Chang
Published: April 2022

The lack of phosphorus in the soil is one of the important factors restricting the healthy growth of Sophora davidii in karst areas, and improving the absorption of phosphorus is of great significance to the growth and utilization of S. davidii. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can form a mutualistic symbiotic relationship with plants, which can relieve stress and promote the growth of host plants. A sand culture method was used in this study. S. davidii seedlings inoculated with AMF and without AMF (NAM) were used as research materials under three phosphatase treatments, P0.5 (0.5 mmol/L), P0.25 (0.25 mmol/L), and P0 (0 mmol/L), to investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth, morphology, physiology, endogenous hormone contents and accumulation of N and P elements in S. davidii seedlings. The results showed that under NAM, the plant height, growth rate, aboveground dry weight and chlorophyll content were significantly decreased under low phosphorus stress. Under low phosphorus stress (P0.25) intensity, S. davidii showed increased root dry weight, root shoot ratio, total root length, root surface area, root tip number, and root hair number, an increased content of osmotic adjustment substances such as proline, soluble sugar and soluble protein, increased activity of protective enzymes such as acid phosphatase and catalase, and increased hormone contents to adapt to the low phosphorus stress. However, when the low phosphorus stress intensity increased to P0, the regulatory effect was severely weakened. Inoculation with AMF promoted the growth of the aboveground parts of S. davidii; although it decreased the growth of the root system and root biomass, it significantly increased the total root length, root tip number and growth rate under P0 stress and increased chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, proline, soluble sugar, soluble protein, and IAA contents, and acid phosphatase and superoxide dismutase activities. The roots of S. davidii and AMF engage in symbiosis, improving root morphology, promoting the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by seedlings, and maintaining the N:P balance of leaves, thereby maintaining a higher biomass of S. davidii under low phosphorus stress and relieving the low phosphorus stress on seedlings. Our results demonstrated that AMF inoculation is useful for the promotion and cultivation of S. davidii in the karst area of Southwest China under low phosphorus stress conditions. Therefore, in the process of ecological restoration and forage improvement using S. davidii on acidic soil in the karst region of Southwest China, inoculation with AMF may be a good strategy to stabilize S. davidii yields.
Improved Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decompositions with Adaptive Noise of Global, Hemispherical and Tropical Temperature Anomalies, 1850-2021
Authors: Coleman Charles David
Published: April 2022

ICEEMDAN, a variant of Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), is used to extract temperature cycles with periods from half a year to multiple decades from the \nobreak{HadCRUT5} global temperature anomaly data. The residual indicates an overall warming trend. The analysis is repeated for the Southern and Northern Hemispheres as well as the Tropics, defined as areas lying at or below 30 degrees of latitude. Multiannual cycles explain the apparently anomalous pause in global warming starting around 2000. The previously identified multidecadal cycle is found to be the most energetic and to account for recent global warming acceleration, beginning around 1993. This cycle's amplitude is found to be more variable than by previous work. Moreover, this variability varies by latitude. Sea ice loss acceleration is proposed as an explanation for global warming acceleration.
Upcycling yield trial data using a weather-driven crop growth model
Authors: Shimono Hiroyuki , Abe Akira , Kim Chyon , Sato Chiashi , Iwata Hiroyoshi
Published: April 2022

Numerous breeding efforts have improved crop yields by screening new high-yield cultivars through yield trials in multiple environments. However, the accumulated data from these trails has not been effectively upcycled to guide future breeding programs because of the strength of the genotype by environment (G × E) interaction. Here, we propose a new method that accounts for these interactions by using a weather-driven crop growth model; the recorded yields of each cultivar were expressed using a unique linear regression in response to the potential yield (Yp) calculated by a weather-driven crop growth model. We call this approach the YpCGM method. We applied this method to 72 510 independent datasets from yield trials of paddy rice that used 237 core cultivars (n = 20 to 6342 field trials) measured at 110 locations in Japan during the 38 years from 1980 to 2017. The 237 core cultivars were selected from a pedigree matrix of 14 032 Japanese cultivars by using the k-medoids method (k = 200 clusters), and the genomic information for 91 800 single-nucleotide polymorphisms was obtained. The genotypic coefficients of yield-ability and yield-plasticity differed among the 237 cultivars, with values ranging from 2.5 to 7.3 t/ha and from –0.23 to +0.95, respectively. Genomic prediction validated the values of these two parameters by leave-one-out cross-validation based on the pedigree and genome information. Our study represents a novel “big data” method for managing and generalizing G × E interactions using a crop growth model supported by large amounts of field data.
Laser-based Powder Bed Fusion of Ti-6Al-4V Powder modified with SiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Emminghaus Nicole , Bernhard Robert , Hermsdorf Jörg , Kaierle Stefan
Published: April 2022

In laser-based powder bed fusion of metals (PBFLB/M) residual oxygen in the processing atmosphere is regarded as disruptive and disadvantageous for the manufacturing process and the resulting component properties. A novel approach to eliminate residual oxygen is to add small amounts of silane to the argon process gas. Silane eliminates residual oxygen and forms SiO2 nanoparticles, which in turn can be incorporated into the powder during the process. It is therefore necessary to evaluate the influence of these nanoparticles admixed to the metal powder. In this work, Ti-6Al-4V powder was modified with pyrogenic SiO2 nanoparticles generated by the reaction of a silane argon gas mixture with ambient air. Modified and unmodified powder was analyzed and processed using statistically designed experiments. An increase of flow rate according to DIN EN ISO 4490 (from 33.3 to 32.5 s/50 g) and increase of apparent density according to DIN EN ISO 3923 (from 2.52 to 2.58 g/cm3) could be observed after powder modification. No statistically significant effects of the modification on roughness, porosity and hardness were found. The results demonstrate that powder modification using silane can lead to enhanced flowability without affecting the PBF-LB processing window of Ti-6Al-4V.
Fibroblast growth factor-8(FGF-8) upregulates gelatinases expression in chondrocytes through nuclear factor-κB p65
Authors: Huang Hongcan , Xie Jing , Wei Jieya , Xu Siqun , zhang demao , Zhou Xuedong
Published: April 2022

Background Fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF-8), as a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGFs), exerts pleiotropic effects in bone development and homeostasis. Studies have reported that FGF-8 is expressed in osteoarthritis and promotes disease progression. Here I attempt to investigate the effect of FGF-8 on the gelatinase (MMP-2 and MMP-9) expression of cultured chondrocytes. Methods and Results Gelatin zymography was performed to evaluate the activation of gelatinases. Western blot was employed to investigate the expression of the gelatinases and also NF-κB p65 signaling pathways, and the activation of NF-κB p65 signaling wa confirmed by immunofluorescence staining. According to our findings, recombinant FGF-8 increased the production and activation of gelatinases in primary chondrocytes. The activation of NF-κB signaling, which resulted in acetylated p65 accumulating in the cell nucleus, regulated FGF-8-induced gelatinase production. We further found that NF-κB inhibitors, BAY 11-7082, could inhibit up-regulation of gelatinase induced by FGF-8. Conclusions FGF-8 enhanced the expression and activation of gelatinases from cultured chondrocytes of mouse. FGF-8 may participate in the degradation of cartilage and exacerbation of osteoarthritis by promoting expression of gelatinases.
Study on the application effect of family doctor contract service mode of "basic package + personalized package" in elderly hypertension management: Chinese experience
Authors: Du Qiujing , Ye Jiayi , Feng Jinhua , Gao Shilin , Li Ka
Published: April 2022

Background
At present, there is no relevant research on the application effect of "basic package + personalized package" family doctor contract service mode in hypertension management, therefore, this study intended to evaluate the application effect of this service model in the management of hypertension patients. We speculated that the implementation of this mode would improve the health outcomes of elderly patients with hypertension.
Methods
Patients with hypertension who participated in family doctor contract services in a community health service center in Chengdu, Southwest China from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020 were selected as the subjects of the study. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study, a total of 968 patients were included. The patients were divided into observation group and control group according to the type of service package they received. The primary outcomes included mean blood pressure (systolic, diastolic) and the rate of blood pressure control, Secondary outcomes included the level of cardiovascular disease risk and the level of self-management ability. All outcomes were assessed at baseline and 6 months after signing up.
Results
Of the 10,970 patients screened for eligibility, 968 (8.8%) were enrolled and divided into observation group (receiving "basic package + personalized package [hypertension]" service) (n = 403) and control group (receiving "basic package" service) (n = 565) according to the type of service package they received. Participants in the observation group compared with the control group showed better improvement in mean systolic blood pressure, the rate of blood pressure control, the level of cardiovascular disease risk, and the level of self-management ability at 6 months after signing up (Mean systolic blood pressure, P = 0.023; the rate of blood pressure control, P < 0.001; the level of cardiovascular disease risk, P < 0.001; the level of self-management ability, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in mean diastolic blood pressure between the two groups (P = 0.735).
Conclusions
The family doctor contract service model of "basic package + personalized package (hypertension)" has a good application effect in the management of elderly hypertension, which can improve the average blood pressure, the rate of blood pressure control, the level of cardiovascular disease risk and the level of self-management ability of elderly hypertension patients.
New York State’s WAVE Method - Evaluation of a method for water quality monitoring by citizen scientists using benthic macroinvertebrates
Authors: Onion Alene M. , Smith Alexander J. , Duffy Brian T.
Published: April 2022

New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) has developed a robust citizen science macroinvertebrate sampling method. The metric relies on the presence and not the absence of key macroinvertebrates and therefore is resistant to collection and sorting errors. It identifies unimpaired streams with high confidence (0.1% type 1 errors) and at a reasonable efficiency compared to NYSDEC’s multimetric index of biological integrity (54%). We rank remaining stream samples for further investigation using a calculated probability of impairment. This method is valuable as a tool for large monitoring programs with limited resources for quality assurance checks. The value of this method goes beyond data collection, however, as data of known quality is an effective communication tool between citizen scientists and state regulatory agencies and/or local decision makers.
Evaluating the Performance of Gadobutrol and Gadoterate Meglumine for Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography of the thoracic aorta at 1.5T
Authors: Pathrose Ashitha , Singer Alyssa , Cerne John Wence , Serhal Ali , Aouad Pascale , Blaisdell Julie , Avery Ryan , Markl Michael , Allen Bradley , Carr James C.
Published: April 2022

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to systematically compare the intra-individual image quality, signal parameters, and aortic dimensions between equal doses of gadobutrol (GB) and gadoterate meglumine (GM) in patients undergoing contrast-enhanced MRA of the thoracic aorta.
METHODS
33 patients (50 ± 12 years, 30M) with aortic disease who underwent GB-enhanced thoracic aortic MRA were prospectively recruited to undergo a GM-enhanced MRA within 8 weeks. MRAs were obtained after administration of 0.2mL/kg of 1.0M GB and 0.4mL/kg of 0.5M GM at flow rate of 2mL/s. Aortic luminal signal intensities (SI) and contrast ratios (CR) with respect to trapezius were measured at three regions. Aortic orthogonal diameters were measured at six regions. Overall image quality, vessel wall conspicuity, and artifacts were scored by two radiologists.
RESULTS
GB demonstrated significantly higher SI at all regions when compared to GM (AAo: 234 ± 97 vs. 116 ± 29, p < 0.001; Arch: 206 ± 92 vs. 99 ± 24, p < 0.001; DAo: 265 ± 132 vs. 102 ± 28, p < 0.001). CR at all regions (AAo: 3.0 ± 1.1 vs. 2.7 ± 1.0, p = 0.503; Arch: 2.7 ± 1.0 vs. 2.8 ± 1.1, p = 0.599; DAo: 3.3 ± 1.5 vs. 3.0 ± 1.1, p = 0.099) and aortic diameters at all regions did not show any significant difference between GB and GM. Overall image quality, vessel wall conspicuity, and artifact scores did not significantly differ between GB and GM.
CONCLUSION
This intra-individual study found that for contrast-enhanced MRA of the thoracic aorta, CR, aortic diameter measurements, overall image quality, vessel wall conspicuity, and artifact scores were comparable between equal doses of GB and GM. However, GB showed significantly higher aortic luminal SI when compared to GM.
Response and Recovery to COVID-19: Tibetan Refugees in Exile
Authors: Kaur Gurmeet
Published: April 2022

The study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 and mitigation strategies adopted by the Tibetan community. Narratives were collected from two settlements in January 2021-January’2022 using snowball sampling adhering to the research ethics involved. Respondents reported languishing socio-economic conditions because of partial/full lockdowns. Due to these confinements, the physical and mental health of the sentient being had also undergone unfavourable circumstances. At the same time, it tested an individual's ability to manage an adverse situation. In such precarious conditions, one among the other is religious traditions that bound human patience and tolerance.Nevertheless, Buddhist teachings disseminated by the various religious heads proved to be a boon for the Tibetan community regardless of their age. The study unveiled that a sense of collective good cultivated by Buddhist teachings had been helpful to protect the refugee population, both physically and mentally. Additionally, the theory of being a compassionate sentient being had been brought to praxis by the Tibetan community to contribute to the wellbeing of natives and their community. They have learned how to put calamity into an opportunity.
Whole-embryonic identification of maternal microchimeric cell types in mouse using single-cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Fujimoto Kana , Nakajima Akira , Hori Shohei , Tanaka Yumiko , Shirasaki Yoshitaka , Uemura Sotaro , Irie Naoki
Published: April 2022

Background: Even though the mother and the fetus of placental mammals are immunologically non-self with respect to one other, mutual exchange of small numbers of cells between them is known to occur. Maternal cells entering the fetus, called maternal microchimeric cells (MMc cells), are thought to be involved in different physiological phenomena, such as establishing immune tolerance, tissue repair, and the pathogenesis or deterioration of some inflammatory diseases and congenital malformations. While specific MMc cell types have been reported as associated with these phenomena, the contribution of MMc cells to these different outcomes remains unknown. As one possibility, we hypothesized that different embryos have differing repertoires of MMc cell types, leading to or biasing embryos toward different fates. To date, no studies have succeeded in identifying the MMc cell type repertoire of a single embryo. Accordingly, here, we isolated MMc cells from whole mouse embryos, determined their types, and analyzed their MMc cell type variability.Results: By combining our previously established, whole-embryonic MMc isolation method with single-cell RNA sequencing, we successfully estimated the cell type repertoires of MMc cells isolated from 26 mouse embryos. The majority of MMc cells were immune-related cells, such as myeloid cell and granulocyte. We also detected stem cell-like MMc cells expressing proliferation marker genes and terminally differentiated cells. As hypothesized, we noted statistically significant inter-individual variation in the proportion of immune-related cells in the different embryos.Conclusions: We here successfully estimated MMc cell types in individual whole mouse embryos. The proportion of immune-related cells significantly differed among the individual embryos, suggesting this as one of the potential mechanisms underlying the differing MMc-related physiological phenomena in offspring. These findings provide insight into cell-level epigenetics by maternal cells.
Antimicrobial Activity of Bacillus sp. K-9 Against Potato Scab and Its Genome-wide Analysis
Authors: Shuang Ma , Teng Wang , Ru Jiarong , Jiang Lili , Wang Yanjie , Wang Cong
Published: April 2022

We isolated a bacterial strain K-9, identified as a novel species of the genus Bacillus, from a potato tuber sample. The inhibition rate of the strain K-9 against potato scab (Streptomyces scabies) was 44.90%. The whole genome sequence of Bacillus sp. K-9 was obtained, and genomic analyses were performed. Complete genome sequence of strain K-9 was obtained through PacBio RSII and Illumina platforms. The size of genome is 3891530 bp, with estimated 3915 coding DNA sequences, GC content of 46.45%, 79 tRNA, and 10 rRNA. In addition, functional annotation of the strain K-9 genes was performed by GO, COG, KEGG, and CAZy analyses. There were 12 gene clusters for secondary metabolite synthesis in the genome of Bacillus sp. K-9. Except for the unknown metabolites of the T3PKS (third polyketone), terpene and lanthipeptide class-II, the other eight gene clusters are associated with the synthesis of secondary metabolites that are common in Bacillus and have antibacterial activity. Among them, the homologous alignment function types are mostly related to the synthesis of antibacterial active substances such as PKS (polyketone synthase), NRPS (non-ribosomal peptide synthase) and bacilysin. In the future, information derived from the thorough genomic analyses of this strain may be helpful in directed genetic modification of bacterial strains for production of antibacterial substances to control potato scab.
Isolation, molecular typing and antibiotic sensitivity profiling of enteric bacterial pathogen from chicken eggs
Authors: Kanhar Asif Raza , Phulpoto Irfan Ali , Ur-Rehman Saifu , Qazi Muneer Ahmed , Ghumro Waheed Ahmed , Hussain Syed Fiaz , Kanhar Ahmed Ali , Ujjan Javed Ahmed , Hussain Abdul
Published: April 2022

Food is a basic need of life; nevertheless its contamination due to pathogenic bacteria, especially antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in the poultry world, is a big threat to public health. In this study, enteric bacteria were isolated from chicken eggs and their antibiotic resistance against a panel of 18 different antibiotics belonging to 09 different antibiotic classes was determined. A total of 300 egg samples (i.e. 150 egg shells and 150 egg interiors) were collected and evaluated for bacterial growth. It was observed that 46% of the samples (n = 138) were positive for the growth of bacteria, while 54% of the samples (n = 162) did not show any bacterial growth in specified culture conditions. From those growth positive samples, three genera of Salmonella (from both the egg shell and the egg interior) and a genus of Enterobacter species, i.e. Enterobacter spp. (only from egg shells), were isolated using enrichment techniques and identified on the basis of cultural, morphological, biochemical, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing characteristics. The antibiotic sensitivity profiling results revealed that 50% of the isolated Enterobacter species were only resistant to amoxycillin, azomax (azithromycin), and fosfomycin, while 100% resistant to cephalothin, cefuroxime sodium, erythromycin, and vancomycin. On the other hand, 50% of the isolated species of Salmonella were resistant to amoxycillin, urixin, fosfomycin, and amoxycillin, whereas all Salmonella spp. were completely resistant to cephalothin, cefuroxime sodium, erythromycin, vancomycin, moxifloxacin, and azomax (azithromycin). The findings of the current study would increase the awareness of ordinary people to understand and overcome the associated risks associated with the utilization of contaminated eggs or other food products.
The Effect of Wearing a Powered Air Purifying Respirator Versus an N95 Mask on the Olfactory Function of Healthcare Workers
Authors: Xia Xiao , Liu Shixu , Xia Kun , Liu Yanyi , Zhang Jinzhi , Liu Xiaohong , Yao Yuhao , Li Guangxi
Published: April 2022

Background: With the COVID-19 epidemic, wearing a mask has become routine to prevent and control the virus's spread. Wearing masks for long periods can have various adverse effects on the human body, but little attention has been paid to the impact on olfaction. This study aimed to investigate whether wearing a mask affects healthcare workers' olfactory function and provide a reference for clinical olfactory research and mask wear regulations.Methods: We recruited fifty-six healthcare workers and randomly divided them into two groups, wearing a Powered Air Purifying Respirator (PAPR, experiment group, N=28) and an N95 mask (control group, N=28) for 8h. Olfactory discrimination tests and threshold tests were performed before and after wearing the masks. SPSS 26.0 software was used for the statistical analyses.Results: Current results suggested no statistical difference in the discrimination test scores between the PAPR Group (Z=-0.707 P =0.480) and N95 Group (Z=-0.828 P =0.408) before and after wearing the masks. The olfactory threshold test revealed a statistical difference in threshold scores before and after wearing the mask in the PAPR Group (Z= -2.595 P = 0.009) and N95 Group (Z= -2.120 P= 0.034). Both PAPRs and N95 masks reduce the sensitivity of healthcare workers to odors, with no significant difference between the two (χ2= 0.292，p = 0.589).Conclusion: Wearing a mask affects the healthcare workers’ olfaction, especially odor sensitivity. Healthcare workers wearing masks have a higher olfactory threshold than before， whether wearing PAPRs or N95 masks. More attention needs to be paid to the effect of masks on the olfactory function.
Comparing Oxidation of Aluminum by Oxygen and Ozone Using Reactive Force Field Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Saidinik Fateme , Behnejad Hassan
Published: April 2022

This work investigated the Al(100) surface oxidation simulations by O2 and O3 molecules at 400, 600, and 800 K temperatures with the Reactive Force Field (ReaxFF) method. One hundred ozone molecules and 150 oxygen molecules were placed in an empty space above the Al(100) surfaces in separate simulation boxes to compare this metal's behavior with them (gases incipient density of 0.47 g/cm3). We found further growth of the oxide layer in the case of ozone-aluminum. Subsequently, we surveyed the correlation between temperatures and the growth of alumina layers in the case of oxygen and ozone in separate sets through ReaxFF simulation to untangle the mechanism of oxidation kinetics of the Al(100) surface by ozone. Even though there are proven constraints on growing an oxide layer with ozone as well as oxygen, it’s possible to produce a thicker oxide layer at lower temperatures using ozone.
Expressed Emotion among families of female adolescents with nonsuicidal self- injury using a bidirectional approach
Authors: Tschan Taru , Pfeiffer Simone , Gutzweiler Raphael , In-Albon Tina
Published: April 2022

Background: Expressed Emotion refers to the extent to which close relatives express critical/hostile and/or emotionally overinvolved attitudes and feelings when speaking about a family member. High Expressed Emotion is a valuable predictor of clinical outcomes and is related to the presence of various mental disorders, including non-suicidal self-injury NSSI. Interpersonal factors have been shown to be relevant in initiating and in maintaining with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), as interpersonal difficulties are often reported as triggers for emotional dysregulation. The parental role in the treatment of NSSI still needs to be further investigated by focusing on their bidirectional relationship. This study uses a bidirectional approach for the assessment of Expressed Emotion in adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and their mothers.Method: We examined Expressed Emotion levels of mother–daughter dyads among adolescents with NSSI, clinical controls (CCs), and nonclinical controls (NCs). The sample consisted of 70 female adolescents aged 12–20 years (M = 15.28 years, SD = 1.81; NSSI: n = 21, CC: n = 17, NC: n = 32) and 24 mothers aged 38–56 years (M = 46.47 years, SD = 4.61) using The Five-Minute Speech Sample (FMSS). Results: Adolescents with NSSI exhibited significantly more covert criticism and critical tone toward their mothers than CCs (d = 0.65, d = 1.10) and NCs (d = 1.30, d = 1.10). Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of family-based interventions for the treatment of NSSI in order to enhance a positive relationship quality between parents and adolescents.
Liposomal stem cell extract formulation from Coffea canephora shows outstanding anti- inflammatory activity, increased tissue repair, neocollagenesis and neoangiogenesis
Authors: Guidoni Marcio , Júnior Antônio Domingos Sousa , Aragão Victor Paulo , Pereira Thiago Melo Costa , Santos Wedson Correa , Monteiro Flavio Cunha , Guimarães Marco Cesar Cunegundes , Fronza Marcio
Published: April 2022

Coffea canephora plant stem cells can have bioactive compounds with tissue repairing and anti-inflammatory action. This study aimed to develop a liposomal stem cell extract formulation from C. canephora (LSCECC) and to investigate its capacity to contribute to the dynamic mechanisms of tissue repair. The liposome was developed and characterized through the dynamic light scattering technique, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The excisional full-thickness skin wound model was used and daily topically treated with the LSCECC formulation or vehicle control. On days 2, 7, 14, and 21 after wounding, five rats from each group were euthanized and the rates of wound closure and re-epithelialization were evaluated using biochemical and histological tests. LSCECC resulted in faster re-epithelialization exhibiting a significant reduction in wound area of ​​36.4, 42.4, and 87.5% after 7, 10, and 14 days, respectively, when compared to vehicle control. LSCECC treated wounds exhibited an increase in granular tissue and a proper inflammatory response mediated by the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-6 and an increase of IL-10. Furthermore, wounds treated with LSCECC showed an increase in the deposition and organization of collagen fibers at the wound site and improved scar tissue quality due to the increase in transforming growth factor-beta and vascular endothelial growth factor. Altogether, these data revealed that LSCECC may have remarkable applications in skincare cosmetic formulations to support healthy skin.
Canna x generalis irrigated with greywater in a nature-based solution
Authors: Menezes Caroline dos Santos , Takahashi Karen Midori , Bacchi Cláudia Gonçalves Vianna , de Lima Liana Baptista , Paulo Paula Loureiro
Published: April 2022

To achieve Goal 6 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and provide water for all, water reuse is essential. We assessed the potential of treating greywater (LGw) while reusing it via irrigation of Canna x generalis, commonly used in nature-based solutions (NBS), with a view on plant development. The study was conducted at a mesocosm scale with factorial designs to test two substrates and four types of irrigation water. Stage 1 tested LGw, LGw with nutrients (LGw + N), and tap water with nutrients (TW + N). Stage 2 tested indoor and outdoor applications of TW (TWi and TWo, respectively) and LGw (LGwi and LGwo, respectively). All treatments resulted in reductions in total nitrogen and phosphate concentrations. The effluent turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, and surfactant contents of LGw + N and LGw decreased considerably after passing through the substrate. The results showed no statistical differences among the measured variables when LGw and TW received artificial fertilizers, which provided advantageous conditions for complete plant development, as evidenced by flowering. Conversely, compared with all other treatments, LGw treatment alone resulted in inferior development and exhibited some symptoms of nutritional deficiency, observed as reductions in dry biomass in the aboveground parts (range: 1.87–6.52 g) and belowground parts (10.03–36.19 g). Overall, Canna x generalis did not exhibit symptoms of toxicity and became fully developed, except for flowering, proving to be a robust species that is resistant to adverse environmental conditions, and is therefore recommended for cultivation in nature-based systems for landscaping integrated with LGw treatment and reuse.
Le Fort I osteotomy for removal of an odontoma from the maxillary sinus: a case report and literature review
Authors: Medeiros Yuri de Lima , Santos Lívia Marques dos , Resende Zarife Tirapani Adum , de Andrade Bruno Augusto Benevenuto , Marlière Daniel Amaral Alves
Published: April 2022

Odontoma is a common odontogenic tumour in the maxilla-mandibular region, but whose occurrence is rare within the maxillary sinus. The objective of the present study was to report a case of surgical removal of an extensive complex odontoma from within the maxillary sinus by using the Le Fort I osteotomy. A 22-year-old male patient presented an asymptomatic radiopaque lesion with well-defined margins in the right sinus cavity. The treatment consisted of surgical removal by using the Le Fort I osteotomy to facilitate access, full excision of the lesion and maintenance of bone integrity. The treatment was considered safe and effective as it allowed adequate access and low post-operative morbidity.
DEK mediates AKT/mTOR signaling pathway promotes the proliferation, migration and EMT process of cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Zhou Xuebing , Yang Chunyu , Chen Dan , Wang Tong , Ren Xiangshan
Published: April 2022

Objective: To explore the molecular mechanism of proto-oncogene DEK in promoting cell proliferation, migration and EMT process of cholangiocarcinoma, and to provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.Methods: The expression level of DEK in cholangiocarcinoma and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed by the UALCAN database, GEPIA database and the HPA database, respectively. The stable transfection cell line was constructed by lentiviral transfection, then the effect of DEK on the proliferation of cholangiocarcinoma cells were measured by MTT and colony formation assay. Wound scratch assay and Transwell assay observe the effect of DEK on the migration and invasion of cholangiocarcinoma cells. The effect of DEK on the expressions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related markers and AKT signaling pathway related proteins was assessed by Western Blot .Results: Compared with normal tissues, DEK is highly expressed in cholangiocarcino-ma tissues, and the positive expression of DEK is significantly correlated with clinical stage, pathological grade and lymph node metastasis. After upregulating DEK, the proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT process of cholangiocarcinoma cells were significantly increased, and silencing DEK has inhibited tumor cell proliferation and suppressed tumor metastasis. Western Blot showed that the phosphorylation level of AKT, 4EBP1, and S6 protein increased after upregulation of DEK, while silencing DEK had the opposite result.Conclusion: DEK promotes the proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT process of cholangiocarcinoma cells through activating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.