bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity analysis of COVID - 19 clinical phenotype in Wuhan
Authors: Yin Qin , Xie Jiao , Zhang Jixian , Fu Zhen , Zhu Wangcai , Xia Wenguang , Yu Yihan
Published: July 2020

BackgroundSince the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), some studies reported the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients in hospital. However, these studies did not investigate the clinical symptoms heterogeneity of COVID-19 patients in the outpatient. This study aimed to describe the heterogeneity of clinical characteristics of outpatient COVID-19 patients.MethodsCOVID-19 patients visiting the respiratory outpatient department of our hospital from January 1st to February 28st 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the complaints, the patients were classified into four groups including group A (patients without symptoms), group B (patients with fever), group C (patients with respiratory symptoms but without fever), and group D (patients with extra-respiratory symptoms but without fever). The difference of clinical characteristics, basic diseases, laboratory examination of outpatient, characteristics of chest CT imaging among all the groups were analyzed and compared.ResultsA total of 309 COVID-19 patients were included with 126 men and 183 women. The common symptoms included fatigue (59.87%, 95% CI: 54.17-65.38%), loss of appetite (51.13%, 95% CI: 45.41-56.83%), fever (50.81%, 95% CI: 45.09-56.51%), muscle soreness (41.42%, 95% CI:35.88-47.14%), and dry cough (35.28%, 95% CI:29.95-40.89%). The percentages of group A to group D were 2.91%, 50.81%, 18.12%, and 28.16%, respectively. The most common symptoms in Group D included fatigue, loss of appetite, muscle soreness. ConclusionThe heterogeneity of clinical symptoms for COVID-19 patients in the outpatient is significant. We should pay attention to patients without symptoms or those with only extra-respiratory symptoms, who are prone to missed diagnosis.
Risk Factors for Neonatal Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Extremely Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Nakamura Eishin , Matsunaga Shigetaka , Ono Yoshihisa , Takai Yasushi , Seki Hiroyuki
Published: July 2020

Background: Determination of the optimal timing for termination of pregnancy in cases of preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM) during the extremely preterm period is still difficult. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a major disease widely taken into account when determining the prognosis of respiratory disorders in a neonate. Many aspects of this disease remain unclear. With the aim of further improving the prognosis of neonates born to mothers with pPROM, this study examined cases who were diagnosed with pPROM before 28 weeks of gestation. The study analysed risk factors for neonatal BPD and the optimal timing for termination of pregnancy in pPROM cases.Methods:Subjects were 73 cases of singleton pregnancy who were diagnosed with pPROM during the period from 22 weeks and 0 days to 27 weeks and 6 days of gestation. The following factors were retrospectively examined: the gestational week at which a diagnosis of pPROM was made; the gestational week at which delivery occurred; the period for which the volume of amniotic fluid was maintained; and neonatal BPD as a complication. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn in order to analyse the relationship between the duration of oligohydramnios and the onset of BPD.Results: The mean gestational week at which a diagnosis of amniorrhexis was made was 24.5±1.9 weeks (mean±SD), and that at which delivery occurred was 27.0±3.0 weeks. Fifty-seven cases (78.1%) were diagnosed with oligohydramnios, the mean duration of which was 17.4±20.5 days. The mean birth weight of neonates was 1000±455 g, of which 49 (67.1%) were diagnosed with BPD following birth. No neonates died in this study. Multivariate analysis of various risk factors for the onset of BPD indicated that oligohydramnios is an independent risk factor for BPD. The ROC curve indicated that the cut-off value was 4 days. In this case, the levels of sensitivity and specificity for predicting the onset of neonatal BPD were 0.941 and 0.917 respectively.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that oligohydramnios is an independent risk factor for BPD in cases who are diagnosed with pPROM before 28 weeks of gestation.
COVID-19 related deaths in an urban academic medical center in Brooklyn – A descriptive case series
Authors: McCracken James Andrew , Nakeshbandi Mohamed , Arace Jeffrey , Riley Wayne J , Sharma Roopali
Published: July 2020

Background Available studies are lacking in analysis of baseline demographics and hospital presentation of patients at risk of expiring due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), particularly Black American patients. We conducted a retrospective chart review to determine similarities in demographics and hospital presentation among patients who expired due to COVID-19 at an academic medical center in Brooklyn, New York. Study design and methods This is a retrospective observational study of 200 patients who expired due to complications of COVID-19. Patients were included in this study if they had laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and expired during their admission. Data were collected on patients who expired between March 17 and April 16, 2020. Results A vast majority of patients were Black Americans (89%) with no history of international travel who had more than one comorbidity (81%), with the most common comorbidities being hypertension (84·5%), diabetes mellitus (57·5%), and obesity (41·5%). Fifty-five percent of our patient population had three or more comorbidities. Among patients with available data, C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and ferritin values were elevated above normal limits at admission. Dyspnea was the most common presenting symptom (92·5%). Most (90·5%) presented within the first week of symptoms, with a median time of symptoms prior to expiration being 8·42 days (IQR 5·57 – 12·72). Interpretation Socioeconomic status and healthcare inequalities have greatly affected the Black population of Brooklyn, New York, and these disparities become even more apparent in COVID-19 infection. Patients presenting with numerous comorbidities and elevated inflammatory markers represent a population at high risk of in-hospital mortality.
A 360-Degree Examination of the Placement Fit of Medical Clowns
Authors: Efrat-Treister Dorit , Altman Daniel , Friedmann Enav , Margalit Dalit Lev-Arai , Teodorescu Kinneret
Published: July 2020

Background – Most existing research on medical clowns in health care service has investigated their usefulness among child health consumers. In a 360-degree research stream, we aim to identify the optimal audience (adults or children health consumers), for which medical clowns are most useful in enhancing health consumers’ satisfaction and, in turn, reducing their aggressive tendencies.Methods – We conducted three studies, which examined the placement fit of medical clowns from a different point of view: medical staff (Study 1a, n = 88), medical clowns (Study 1b, n = 20), and health consumers (Study 2, n = 397).Results – Studies 1a and 1b demonstrate that both medical staff and clowns believe that child health consumers profit most from the clowns. In Study 2, data from health consumers in seven different hospital wards showed that clowns are useful in mitigating the effect of negative affectivity on satisfaction, thereby reducing aggressive tendencies among children. Surprisingly, the effect of medical clowns on adults is not only weaker, but reversed, such that interactions with medical clowns decrease adults’ satisfaction and increase their aggressive tendencies.Discussion - The medical clowns are most useful in elevating satisfaction and reducing aggressive tendencies of children. However, older adults show lower satisfaction and higher aggressive tendencies following the performance of the medical clown. The main limitation of the study is investigating aggressive tendencies rather than actual aggression. Future research should examine actual aggression.Conclusion – Medical clowns should be placed in children’s wards. This conclusion can guide health care service policy makers by indicating the optimal placement of clowns, thereby benefitting most from the clowns’ efforts, elevating health consumer satisfaction, and reducing aggressive tendencies.Trial registration – article doesn’t report a health care intervention on human participants.
Wdr47, Camsaps, and Katanin cooperate to generate ciliary central microtubules
Authors: Liu Hao , Zheng Jianqun , Zhu Lei , Chen Yawen , Zhang Yirong , xie Lele , Zhang Wei , Zhou Jun , Yan Xiumin , Zhu Xueliang
Published: July 2020

The axonemal central pair (CP) are non-centrosomal microtubules critical for planar ciliary beat. How they form, however, is poorly understood. Here, we show that mammalian CP formation requires cooperative activities of Katanin, Camsaps, and Wdr47. Katanin severs peripheral microtubules to produce central microtubule seeds in nascent cilia. Camsaps stabilize minus ends of the seeds to facilitate MT outgrowth, whereas Wdr47 concentrates Camsaps into the axonemal central lumen to properly position the central microtubules. Wdr47 deficiency in mouse multicilia results in complete loss of CP, rotatory beat, and primary ciliary dyskinesia. Overexpression of Camsaps induces central microtubules in Wdr47-/- ependymal cells but at the expense of low efficiency, abnormal numbers, and wrong location, whereas overexpression of a dominant inhibitor of Katanin impairs the CP formation. We propose that Wdr47, Camsaps, and Katanin constitute a general cooperative work team for the generation of non-centrosomal MT arrays in polarized subcellular compartments.
Identification of cold stress responsive microRNAs in cold tolerant and susceptible Hemerocallis fulva by high throughput sequencing
Authors: Huang Changbing , Jiang Chun , Jin limin , Zhang Huanchao
Published: July 2020

Background:Hemerocallis fulva is a perennial herb belonging to Hemerocallis of Hemerocallis. Because of the large and bright colors, it is often used as a garden ornamental plant. But most varieties of H. fulva on the market will wither in winter, which will affect their beauty. It is very important to study the effect of low temperature stress on the physiological indexes of H. fulva and understand the cold tolerance of different H. fulva. MiRNA is a kind of endogenous non coding small molecular RNA with length of 21-24nt. It mainly inhibits protein translation by cutting target genes, and plays an important role in the development of organisms, gene expression and biological stress. Low temperature is the main abiotic stress affecting the production of H. fulva in China, which hinders the growth and development of plants. A comprehensive understanding of the expression pattern of microRNA in H. fulva under low temperature stress can improve our understanding of microRNA mediated stress response. Although there are many studies on miRNAs of various plants under cold stress at home and abroad, there are few studies on miRNAs related to cold stress of H. fulva. It is of great significance to explore the cold stress resistant gene resources of H. fulva, especially the identification and functional research of miRNA closely related to cold stress, for the breeding of excellent H. fulva.Results A total of 5619 cold-responsive miRNAs, 315 putative novel and 5 304 conserved miRNAs, were identified from the leaves and roots of two different varieties ‘Jinyan’ (cold-tolerant) and ‘Lucretius ’ (cold-sensitive), which were stressed under -4 oC for 24 h. Twelve conserved and three novel miRNAs (novel-miR10, novel-miR19 and novel-miR48) were differentially expressed in leaves of ‘Jinyan’ under cold stress. Novel-miR19, novel-miR29 and novel-miR30 were up-regulated in roots of ‘Jinyan’ under cold stress. Thirteen and two conserved miRNAs were deferentially expressed in leaves and roots of ‘Lucretius’ after cold stress. The deferentially expressed miRNAs between two cultivars under cold stress include novel miRNAs and the members of the miR156, miR166 and miR319 families. A total of 6 598 target genes for 6 516 known miRNAs and 82 novel miRNAs were predicted by bioinformatic analysis, mainly involved in metabolic processes and stress responses. Ten differentially expressed miRNAs and predicted target genes were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR(q-PCR), and the expressional changes of target genes were negatively correlated to differentially expressed miRNAs. Our data indicated that some candidate miRNAs (e.g., miR156a-3-p, miR319a, and novel-miR19) may play important roles in plant response to cold stress.﻿Conclusions Our study indicates that some putative target genes and miRNA mediated metabolic processes and stress responses are significant to cold tolerance in H. fulva.
Comparison of the central human and mouse platelet signaling cascade by systems biological analysis
Authors: Balkenhol Johannes , Kaltdorf Kristin V. , Mammadova-Bach Elmina , Braun Attila , Nieswandt Bernhard , Dittrich Marcus , Dandekar Thomas
Published: July 2020

Background
Understanding the molecular mechanisms of platelet activation and aggregation is of high interest for basic and clinical hemostasis and thrombosis research. The central platelet protein interaction network is involved in major responses to exogenous factors. This is defined by systemsbiological pathway analysis as the central regulating signaling cascade of platelets (CC).
Results
The CC is systematically compared here between mouse and human and major differences were found. Genetic differences were analysed comparing orthologous human and mouse genes. We next analyzed different expression levels of mRNAs. Considering 4 mouse and 7 human high quality proteome data sets, we identified then those major mRNA expression differences (81%) which were supported by proteome data. CC is conserved regarding genetic completeness, but we observed major differences in mRNA and protein levels between both species. Looking at central interactors, human PLCB2, MMP9, BDNF, ITPR3 and SLC25A6 (always uniprot notation) show absence in all murine datasets. CC interactors GNG12, PRKCE and ADCY9 occur only in mice. Looking at the common proteins, TLN1, CALM3, PRKCB, APP, SOD2 and TIMP1 are higher abundant in human, whereas RASGRP2, ITGB2, MYL9, EIF4EBP1, ADAM17, ARRB2, CD9 and ZYX are higher abundant in mouse. Pivotal kinase SRC shows different regulation on mRNA and protein level as well as ADP receptor P2RY12.
Conclusions
Our results highlight species-specific differences in platelet signaling and points of specific fine-tuning in human platelets as well as murine-specific signalling differences.
The Need for Additional Mental Health Support for Women in the Postpartum Period in the Times of Epidemic Crisis
Authors: Chrzan-Dętkoś Magdalena , Walczak-Kozłowska Tamara Zofia , Lipowska Małgorzata
Published: July 2020

Background: This study aimed to identify possible intensification of mental health difficulties among women seeking support in the postpartum period during the epidemic state in Poland. We assumed that the epidemic crisis, social isolation and restrictions in hospitals which affect pregnant and postpartum women - lack of family labours, lack of the possibility to be with the newborn when he/she is hospitalized, may increase fear and reduce psychosocial resources of women, hinder their normal process of transition to motherhood and thus contribute to the intensified severity of depressive symptoms.Methods: The study participants were women seeking support at the on-line platform of the project ‘Next Stop: MUM’, which is a part of the postpartum depression prevention’s program implemented by the Ministry of Health in Poland, and enables remote self-screening for the severity of the postpartum depression symptoms with the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale developed by Cox and collaborators. The analyzed data in this study were obtained from 139 women: 61 filled forms from October 1 - November 10, 2019 (non-epidemic period), and 78 filled forms from February 20 - March 30 (beginning of the epidemic), 2020.Results: A statistically significant difference in the severity of postpartum depression symptoms was observed among women making a self-assessment with EPDS scale at the beginning of the covid-19 epidemic in Poland (M = 15.71; SD = 6.23), compared to the pre-epidemic neutral period (M = 13.56; SD = 6.46).Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the epidemic crisis may be associated with an increased need for additional caution and support of women's mental health in the postpartum period. We believe that recommendations for medical staff, policy and families of women struggling with postpartum depression symptoms during crisis should be widespread as the second wave of covid-19 disease may develop in autumn 2020.
Natural Hybridization between Two Butterfly Bushes in Tibet: Dominance of F1 Hybrids Promotes Strong Reproductive Isolation
Authors: Liao Rongli , Sun Weibang , Ma Yongpeng
Published: July 2020

Background: F1 hybrids acting as a bridgehead for producing later generation hybrids can have evolutionary significance through strengthening reproductive isolation or facilitating gene flow between parental species, depending on whether backcrossing can occur. It had been suggested that the Tibetan plant Buddleja wardii was a hybrid species between B. alternifolia and B. crispa based on their sympatric distributions and the morphological characters in last century. Till now however, we still have limited evidence to prove key issues to B. wardii, like if it is of hybrid origin indeed and whether it is currently a true hybrid species already.Results: In the present study, two sympatric populations of these three taxa were examined and compared using four nuclear genes and three chloroplast intergenic spacers, as well as with 10 morphological characters. Our results suggest that at both sites B. × wardii was likely to be a hybrids between B. alternifolia and B. crispa, and moreover, most of the hybrids present were confirmed to be F1s. This was further supported by morphology as no transgressive characters were detected. B. crispa was found to be the maternal parent in one population (BH), while in the second population (TJ), it was difficult to distinguish the hybridization direction due to shared haplotypes of cpDNA between B. alternifolia and B. crispa. Conclusions: These results provide evidence that the natural hybrids between B. alternifolia and B. crispa mainly comprise F1 hybrids, which have subsequently been given the name B. wardii. The F1 hybrids have also contributed to strong reproductive isolation between parental species.
Comparative transcriptomic analysis provides an insight into floral organ petaloid in lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)
Authors: Lin Zhongyuan , Cao Dingding , Damaris Rebecca Njeri , Yang Pingfang
Published: July 2020

Background: Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is a famous flower with high ornamental value. Flower color and flower morphology are two main factors for flower lotus breeding. Petaloid is a universal phenomenon in lotus flowers. However, the genetic regulation of floral organ petaloid in lotus still remains unclear. Result: In this study, transcriptomic analysis was performed among five organs, including petal, stamen petaloid, stamen, carpel petaloid, and carpel in lotus. Using WGCNA analysis, 37 candidate genes were found to be related to carpel petaloid. Additionally, one floral homeotic gene encoded MADS box transcription factor, AGAMOUS (AG), was identified as candidate gene for petaloid in lotus. Conclusion: The above results explored the candidate genes related to petaloid, setting a theoretical basis for the molecular regulation of petaloid.
Assessment of Indoor Microbiological Air Contamination in Research Facility at University of Malaysia
Authors: Mazlan Sytty Mazian , Hamzah Ainon , Noor Wan Syaidatul Aqma Wan Mohd , Abas Azlan
Published: July 2020

Indoor air quality is a concept that applies to the nature of the environment in and around buildings and facilities in which it contributes to the safety and security of those in the house. The aim of this study was to identify bacterial and fungal species present in the room, determine indoor air quality and investigate consumer views on indoor air quality in the Biology Building, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, National University of Malaysia. This study was conducted at the Biology Building at 8 selected sampling sites. Microbes were sampled using nutrient agar (bacteria) and potato dextrose agar (fungus). All samples of microbes were classified using two approaches; i) morphological examination and ii) biochemical reaction experiments. CO2, temperature and relative humidity are registered using the Direct Sense Monitoring Kit. A survey on customer satisfaction with indoor air quality in the building was carried out and evaluated in order to collect empirical details. This study found that the presence of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus laterosporus, Bacillus sphaericus, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas fluarescens, Pseudomonas stuzeri and Aeromonas hydrophila bacterial. The fungi species are Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus nidulans, Penicillium digitatum and Fusarium dimerum. The result also shows that the carbon dioxide, temperature and relative humidity concentrations for most sampling stations comply with the DOSH standards. Moreover, almost all participants reported that their level of health and comfort while in the building is good, while the ventilation system of the building is at a comfortable level. Whereas, the degree of knowledge for most respondents on the value of indoor air quality is high. Two of the recommendations included in this study to enhance indoor air quality are to insure that the air conditioning device is correctly controlled and to raise understanding of the value of indoor air quality among staff and students in the Biology Building.
Negative correlation between concentration of iron oxides and particulate matter in atmospheric dust: case study at industrial site during smoggy period
Authors: Petrovsky Eduard , Kapicka Ales , Grison Hana , Kotlik Bohumil , Miturova Hana
Published: July 2020

Background: Environmental magnetism, focusing on ferrimagnetic iron oxides, provides useful additional information on pollution of different environments. Magnetic methods have been applied to studies of atmospheric dust, namely PM10 (particulate matter smaller than 10 micrometers) in, e.g., industrial or urban areas. Until now, positive correlation was reported between concentration of iron oxides (expressed in terms of either magnetic susceptibility, saturation remanent or saturation induced magnetization) and concentration of PM10 or smaller. Purpose of this study was to verify the relationship between iron oxides and PM at monitoring site close to source of emissions rich in iron oxides during period of smoggy conditions. Results: We examined 24-hours PM10 and PM1 samples, collected during 10 days of smoggy winter period at a site close to steel plant, which represents a significant source of atmospheric emissions in industrial region of Northern Moravia (Czech Republic), known for generally high degree of air pollution. Magnetic hysteresis loops were measured in order to obtain parameters reflecting the concentration and grain-size distribution of iron oxides. Our data show unexpected negative correlation between saturation magnetization (concentration of ferrimagnetic iron oxides) and both PM1 and PM10 concentrations, to the best of our knowledge the trend not being reported yet. Conclusions: Our finding may seemingly disqualify magnetic methods as useful proxy in air pollution studies. However, we suggest that this is an exceptional case, specific to this region and monitoring site, as well as to synoptic conditions during the smoggy period. Although the significant dust emissions are presumably rich in iron oxides, the overall air quality at the monitoring site is determined by the general environment, controlled by many other sources of different character in the region, and by the specific climatic conditions. Thus, the nearby steel plant, presumably emitting dust rich in ferrimagnetic iron oxides, dominates the deposited dust at the nearby monitoring site only during very few days of suitable weather (namely wind speed and direction).
Noninvasive Evaluation of Intracranial Pressure by Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Chang Tao , Yang Yanlong , Qian Zhen , Guo Qingbao , Li Lihong
Published: July 2020

Background
As a noninvasive monitoring measure, transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) has been widely used to monitor the secondary brain injury in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). There are different physiological theories on the noninvasive assessment of intracranial pressure by TCD parameters, including ONSD and PI, which may cause that the change of ONSD and PI is not always synchronous with that of ICP. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between PI or ONSD and ICP at different levels or in different periods after the operation, and the ability of prediction intracranial hypertension with these parameters in patients with TBI.
Methods
The clinical data of 68 patients with TBI were retrospectively analyzed. The statistical correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between the PI or ONSD and ICP one week after the operation. Besides, the area under the curve (AUC) of ONSD or PI alone or a combination of them was calculated to determine the ability of intracranial hypertension.
Results
1. There was a correlation between ONSD and ICP ≥ 20 mmHg (r = 0.665, p < 0.001), ICP < 20 mmHg (r = 0.358, p = 0.006). The correlation still remained at ONSD ≥ 5 mm (r = 0.644, p < 0.001), but no correlation at ONSD < 5 mm (p = 0.137). 2. There was a strong correlation between PI and ICP at ICP of 15–20 mmHg (r = 0.705, p < 0.001), and ICP ≥ 20 mmHg (r = 0.716, p < 0.001). Nevertheless, it revealed a weak correlation at PI < 1.2 (r = 0.271, p = 0.021), PI ≥ 1.2 (r = 0.350, p = 0.020). In different period after the operation, there was a moderate correlation between ICP and PI on days 3, 4, and 5 (r = 0.508, p < 0.001), a strong correlation on days 6 and 7 after the operation (r = 0.645, p < 0.001). 3. For prediction intracranial hypertension with PI ≥ 1.2 or ONSD ≥ 5 mm alone or a combination of ONSD ≥ 5 mm and PI ≥ 1.2, the AUC value was 0.729 (p < 0.001), 0.900 (p < 0.001), and 0.943 (p < 0.001), respectively.
Conclusion
The correlation between the parameters of TCD, including ONSD and PI, and invasive ICP vary at different levels of ICP and in different periods in patients with TBI post-operation. It could also allow for a more accurate prediction of elevated intracranial pressure with a combination of ONSD ≥ 5 mm and PI ≥ 1.2.
Unfolding the Hidden Message of Anode-Free Lithium Metal Battery
Authors: Huang Chen-Jui , Thirumalraj Balamurugan , Tao Hsien-Chu , Shitaw Kassie Nigus , Hagos Tesfaye Teka , Beyene Tamene Tadesse , Kuo Li-Ming , Wang Chun-Chieh , Wu She-huang , Su Wei-Nien , Hwang Bing Joe
Published: July 2020

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) have been revisited and gained great attention due to significantly mitigated formation of Li dendrite in the past decade. Recently, anode-free lithium metal batteries (AFLMBs) are proposed and have been studied intensively to potentially outperform LMBs due to higher energy density and reduced safety hazards since the absence of Li metal during the fabrication process of the cell. In general, researchers compare capacity retention, reversible capacity, or rate capability of the cells to study the electrochemical performance of batteries. However, evaluating the behavior of batteries from limited aspects would easily overlook other information hidden deep inside the meretricious results or even lead to misguided data interpretation. In this work, an integrated protocol combining different types of cell configuration is proposed and validated for the first time to unravel the concealed messages in LMBs and AFLMBs. Irreversible coulombic efficiency (irr-CE) from various contributions including reductive electrolyte decomposition, dead Li formation, 1st intrinsic irreversible capacity of a cathode, and the subsequent irreversible reactions at cathode containing oxidative electrolyte decomposition and cathode degradation upon cycling are successfully determined separately by the integrated protocol for the first time. The decrypted information obtained from the proposed protocol provides an insightful understanding of behaviors of LMBs and AFLMBs, which promotes their development for practical applications.
Developing a Comprehensive School-Based Physical Activity Program with Flexible Design – From Pilot to National Program
Authors: Mooses Kerli , Vihalemm Triin , Uibu Marko , Mägi Katrin , Korp Leene , Kalma Maarja , Mäestu Evelin , Kull Merike
Published: July 2020

Finding ways to support children in meeting suggested physical activity levels is a worldwide challenge. Current article introduces the design and development process of the Estonian nationwide comprehensive physical activity program Schools in Motion (SiM) which aims to increase the physical activity levels of children in school settings where schools are active partners in the development and implementation process. The SiM program began with 10 pilot schools in 2016 and has now reached 110 schools in 4 years, with yet more schools eager to join. The program is very popular among schools and has received a positive reception among the governors and society at large. The article describes and analyses the key elements of the planning, piloting, implementation, and scaling phases of the SiM program to give a deeper understanding of the development and the design process of nationwide physical activity intervention programs. In addition to the process and program description, we have also tried to address the difficulties faced during the development process, the strengths and challenges associated with an interdisciplinary approach, and involvement of schools as experts. The article includes an overview of the lessons learnt and the main focuses of the coming years. We hope this article and our experiences will provide valuable information to practitioners and researchers in the field.
Clinical Characteristics of Dry Eye with Ocular Neuropathic Pain Features: Comparison According to the Types of Sensitization Based on the Ocular Pain Assessment Survey
Authors: Kim Jonghwa , Yoon Hyeon Jeong , You In Cheon , Ko Byung Yi , Yoon Kyung Chul
Published: July 2020

Background: To compare the clinical characteristics of dry eye patients with ocular neuropathic pain features according to the types of sensitization based on the Ocular Pain Assessment Survey (OPAS).Methods: Cross-sectional study of 33 patients with dry eye and ocular neuropathic pain features. All patients had a comprehensive ophthalmic assessment including detailed history, the intensity and duration of ocular pain, the tear film, ocular surface, and Meibomian gland examination, and OPAS. Patients with <50% improvement in pain intensity after proparacaine challenge test were assigned to the central-dominant sensitization group (central group) and those with ≥50% improvement were assigned to the peripheral-dominant sensitization group (peripheral group). All variables were compared between the two groups.Results: No significant differences were observed in age, sex, underlying diseases, history of ocular surgery, duration of ocular pain, tear film, ocular surface and Meibomian gland parameters (all p>0.05). Ocular pain and non-ocular pain severity and the percentage of time spent thinking about non-ocular pain were significantly higher in the central group than in the peripheral group (all p<0.05). Central group complained more commonly of a burning sensation than did the peripheral group (p=0.01).Conclusions: Patients with central-dominant sensitization may experience more intense ocular and non-ocular pain than the others and burning sensation may be a key symptom in those patients.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Epidemic on Patterns of Attendance at Emergency Departments in Two Large London Hospitals: An Observational Study
Authors: Vollmer Michaela A C , Radhakrishnan Sreejith , Kont Mara D , Flaxman Seth , Bhatt Samir J , Costelloe Ceire , Honeyford Kate , Aylin Paul , Cooke Graham , Redhead Julian , Sanders Alison , Mangan Helen , White Peter J , Ferguson Neil , Hauck Katharina , Nayagam Shevanthi , Perez-Guzman Pablo N
Published: July 2020

Background

Hospitals in England have undergone considerable change to address the surge in demand imposed by the COVID-19 epidemic. The impact of this on emergency department (ED) attendances is unknown, especially for non-COVID-19 related emergencies.
Methods

We calibrated auto-regressive integrated moving average time-series models of ED attendances to Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (ICHNT) using historic (2015–2019) data. Forecasted trends were compared to present year ICHNT data for the period between March 12 (when England implemented the first COVID-19 public health measure) and May 31. We compared ICHTN trends with publicly available regional and national data. Lastly, we compared emergency admissions and in-hospital mortality at ICHNT during the present year to a historic 5-year average.
Results

ED attendances at ICHNT decreased by 35%, in keeping with the trend for ED attendances across all England regions, which fell by approximately 50%. For ICHNT, the decrease in attendances was mainly amongst those aged < 65 years and those arriving by their own means (e.g. personal or public transport). Increasing distance from postcode of residence to hospital was a significant predictor of reduced attendances. Non-COVID related emergency admissions to hospital after March 12 fell by 48%; there was an indication of a non-significant increase in non-COVID-19 crude mortality risk (RR 1.13, 95%CI 0.94–1.37, p = 0.19).
Conclusions

Our study finds strong evidence that emergency healthcare seeking has drastically changed across the population in England. At ICHNT, we find that a larger proportion arrived by ambulance and that hospitalisation outcomes of non-COVID patients did not differ from previous years. The extent to which these findings relate to ED avoidance behaviours compared to having sought alternative emergency health services outside of hospital remains unknown. National analyses and strategies to streamline emergency services in England going forward are urgently needed.
Transcriptome Analysis of Black and White Sesame Seed Reveals Candidate Genes Associated with Black Seed Development in Sesame (Sesamum Indicum)
Authors: Dossou Senouwa Segla Koffi , Wang Linhai , Wei Xin , Zhang Yanxin , Li Donghua , Yu Jingyin , Zhang Xiurong
Published: July 2020

Background: Seed coat color is a key agronomic characteristic in sesame (Sesamum indicum) since it is strongly linked to seed oil, proteins, and lignans content and it influences consumer preferences. Even though some QTL and candidate genes have been detected for sesame seed coat color, the mechanism and regulation of black pigmentation are not entirely understood. This study provides an overview of developing seeds transcriptome of two varieties of sesame “Zhongfengzhi No.1” (white seed) and “Zhongzhi No.33” (black seed) and shed light on genes involving in black seed formation.Results: Both black and white sesame showed similar trend expressed genes with the numbers increased at the early stages of seed development. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) number increased with seed development in the two sesame varieties. We examined the DEGs and uncovered that the early stage, which is from 8 to 17 days post-anthesis (DPA) plays an important role in black pigment biosynthesis and accumulation. The gene expression patterns were consistent with the seed color change. Besides, we studied the shared DEGs between the black and white sesame. We figured out 17 candidate genes associated with pigments biosynthesis in black sesame seed including 2 chalcone synthase genes SIN_1018961 and SIN_1018959 which may function in the phenylpropanoid pathway. 5 of these candidate genes, SIN_1006242 and SIN_1016759/PPO, SIN_1026689 and SIN_1006025, SIN_1025056 are located on chromosomes 4, 8 and 11 respectively, in conformity with previous QTL mapping. These genes were believed to play a major role in black seed development in sesame. Conclusion: This work illuminated the different expression profiles in black and white sesames and unfolded pivotal stages and a catalog of candidate genes associated with black seed formation in sesame. These findings provide a vast transcriptome dataset and list of genes that will be targeted for functional studies related to the molecular mechanism involved in biosynthesis and regulation of seed coat color in sesame and for molecular breeding of high-quality sesame varieties.
WITHDRAWN: Longitudinal Variations of Noontime Thermospheric Winds in Response to IMF Bz Temporal Oscillations: Broken Mean Circulation and Standing Feature
Authors: Zhang Kedeng , Wang Hui , Wang Wenbin , Liu Jing , Gao Jie
Published: July 2020

By using coupled magnetosphere-thermosphere-ionosphere model, we explore the longitudinal/UT differences of the dayside neutral wind in response to the 60 min periodic oscillation of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz. The southward propagation of the travelling atmospheric disturbances (TADs) in meridional wind stands at about 20º MLat, which is related to the geomagnetic field configuration, neutral temperature and electron density changes. The meridional wind travels continuously from high to low latitude in the western southern hemisphere, while they are broken into pieces in the eastern southern hemisphere. The broken mean circulation is induced by the stronger roles of the ion drag than the pressure gradient. The ion drag shows obvious longitudinal differences associated with the penetration of the ionospheric electric field during the oscillation of IMF Bz.
Factors Affecting the Technical Efficiency of Rural Primary Health Care Centers in Hamadan, Iran: Data Envelopment Analysis and Tobit Regression
Authors: Mohammadpour Saeed , Javan-Noughabi Javad , Najar Ali Vafaee , Zangeneh Moharram , Yousefi Shaghayegh , Nouhi Mojtaba , jahangiri reza
Published: July 2020

Background
Health houses are the most important providers of primary health care to the rural communities of Iran, mainly based on Behvarz workers. The aim of present study was estimate the technical efficiency of Health houses and ascertain factors that affect this efficiency.
Methods
This is a Longitudinal study of rural primary health care centers in Hamadan province (2002–2016). Data Envelopment Analysis was employed to estimate technical efficiency of sampled health facilities while Panel Tobit Analysis was applied to predict factors associated with efficiency levels. The outputs were child mortality rate under one year of age and child mortality rate under five years of age. The input was Behvarzes (rural health workers).
Results
The results of efficiency analysis showed that the average efficiency scores of the centers had a fluctuating trend during the period of the study, but the average performance scores generally decreased in 2016, as compared with 2002. The highest and lowest average performance scores were observed in 2003 (0.78) and 2013 (0.56), respectively. Number of physicians and rural primary healthcare centers per population had a positive statistically significant and the number of midwives and the total fertility per population had a negative statistically significant effect on efficiency.
Conclusions
The findings suggest some level of wastage of health resources in primary health centers. The policy maker and relevant stakeholders should undertake more effective need analysis, optimizing human resource utilization and reducing fertility in rural areas to promote efficiency.
The torsional alignment changed significantly in growing rabbits after patella dislocation by a three-dimensional measurement
Authors: Niu Jinghui , Qi Qi , Piao Kang , Hao Kuo , Wang Fei
Published: July 2020

Background: Torsional malalignment has been considered as a risk factor for patella dislocation. But the influence of patella dislocation for torsional alignment development remains unknown. The present study aims to investigate whether the torsion alteration of the hindlimb occur after patella dislocation in growing rabbits. Methods: In the present study, 30 one-month old rabbits were included. The experimental group consists of 30 left knees of rabbits and were underwent patella lateral dislocation. And the control group consists of 30 right knees and no surgical procedure was performed. A CT scan was performed on each knee when the surgery was finished and at the time the rabbits were skeletal mature (5 months post-surgery). The angles of femoral version and tibial torsion were measured using a three-dimensional method and analyzed between the experimental group and control group. Results: The femoral version and tibia torsion in the experimental and control group immediately after surgery were not different significantly. However, 5 months after surgery, the femoral version angle of the experimental group (-5.50±6.13°) was significantly different with that of the experimental group (-10.90±4.74°)(P < 0.05). But the tibia torsion angle in the experimental group (7.17±7.25°) and control group (4.47±6.34°) were not significantly different (P = 0.144). Conclusion: From this study, patella dislocation can lead to alteration of femoral version in growing rabbits. This may indicate the early treatment for patella dislocation in children is particularly important to avoid torsional malalignment in the future. These findings may develop pathology and etiology of patella dislocation.
Effectiveness of Technology-Enhanced Teaching and Assessment Methods of Undergraduate Preclinical Dental skills: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials
Authors: Khalaf Khaled , El-Kishawi Mohamed , Mustafa Shahd , Kawas Sausan Al
Published: July 2020

Background: To investigate the effectiveness of technology-enhanced teaching and assessment methods of undergraduate preclinical skills in comparison to conventional methods. Methods: A comprehensive search strategy was implemented using both manual and electronic search methods, including PubMed, Wiley, ScienceDirect, SCOPUS, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The search and selection of articles that met the inclusion criteria were carried out in duplicates. A Cochrane data extraction form for RCTs was used to extract the relevant information from all included articles. Risk of bias of all included articles was assessed independently by two authors using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results: A total of 19 randomized controlled clinical trials met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. The majority of the studies included in this review have a high risk of bias mainly due to incomplete data, lack of blinding of the examiners, and due to other biases, such as small sample sizes, not accounting for additional hours of training, and the lack of calibration of examiners grading the preparations. Conflicting results were reported in the included studies with regards to whether there were differences between the intervention and control groups in the outcome measure of quality of students’ performance. A meta-analysis could not be done for this study due to the heterogeneity among the included studies.Conclusions: Technology-enhanced teaching and assessment tools used in preclinical skills training of undergraduate dental students have the potential to improve students’ performance. However, due to the conflicting outcomes reported in the 19 studies included in this systematic review and their high risk of bias, better quality studies are required to find a definitive answer to the research question of this systematic review.
Quantifying and understanding errors in molecular geometries
Authors: Vuckovic Stefan , Burke Kieron
Published: July 2020

Electronic structure calculations are ubiquitous in most branches of chemistry, but all have errors in both energies and equilibrium geometries. Quantifying errors in possibly dozens of bond angles and bond lengths is a Herculean task. A single natural measure of geometric error is introduced, the geometry energy offset (GEO). GEO links many disparate aspects of geometry errors: a new ranking of different methods, quantitative insight into errors in specific geometric parameters, and insight into trends with different methods. GEO can also reduce the cost of high-level geometry optimizations and shows when geometric errors distort the overall error of a method. Results, including some surprises, are given for both covalent and weak interactions.
DNA Mismatch Repair State And Clinical Pathological Characteristics Of Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Liu Qian , Zhou Huimei , Yang Jiaxin , Shi Xiaohua
Published: July 2020

Background: Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is a distinct subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer. With the exception of very early stage disease, OCCCs are associated with worse prognosis due to poor response to platinum-based chemotherapy compared with serous carcinoma. OCCCs with microsatellite instability (MSI) may represent a unique subset and may open an alternative therapeutic avenue for a fraction of patients with OCCC. The purpose of this study is to explore the role of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) in the genesis and development of clear cell carcinoma by determining the differential expression of MMR gene in different subtypes of ovarian carcinoma and the expression of MMR protein in clear cell carcinoma, so as to provide ideas for future tumor treatment.Results: The expression of MSH6 gene in HGSC group was higher than that in OCCC group, and the difference had statistical significance (P=0.01). The expression of MLH1 gene in OCCC group was higher than that in HGSC group, and the difference had statistical significance (P=0.0221). There was no significant difference in the expression of MSH2 gene between the two groups. There were no significant differences in the expression of the three genes between OCCC group with good prognosis (group G) and OCCC group with poor prognosis (group P). In order to further verify the expression of MMR protein in OCCC group, immunohistochemistry was performed, and the results showed that 92.3% of the patients (36/39) had pMMR, 7.69% of the patients (3/39) had dMMR. The average follow-up time of patients with dMMR was 19.3 months, and there was no recurrence or death.Conclusion: There were differences in the expression of MSH6 and MLH1 genes between ovarian clear cell carcinoma and high-grade serous carcinoma, indicating that the two subtypes of tumor may have different origins. The prognosis of clear cell carcinoma patients with dMMR was better as of the follow-up date, suggesting that dMMR may be an early event of clear cell carcinoma.