bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The gamma-glutamyltransferase activity and non-protein sulfhydryl compounds levels in rat kidney of different age groups.
Authors: Włodek Przemysław , Sokołowska Maria , Smoleński Olgierd , Włodek Lidia
Published: December 2019

The present work was aimed to obtain information about age-dependent changes of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity and the levels of non-protein sulfhydryl compounds (NPSH) in rat kidneys. In addition, protein-bound cysteine (PB-Cys), sulfane sulfur compounds and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were estimated. The results indicate that the activity of GGT and NPSH levels in the kidneys are reduced with age. At the same time, a significant increase in the level of protein-bound cysteine was observed. Simultaneously, the content of sulfane sulfur compounds was increased in the group of the oldest animals. These findings indicate that the capacity for extracellular glutathione degradation and, in consequence, the availability of cysteine for intracellular glutathione biosynthesis may be impaired. The increased PB-Cys level indicates potentiation of the thiolation reaction, i.e. development of protein-mixed disulfides. These results reveal age dependent disturbances in the thiol-disulfide equilibrium in the kidneys which leads to an imbalance between pro- and antioxidatory processes.
Changes in antioxidant status of heart muscle tissue in experimental diabetes in rabbits.
Authors: Gumieniczek Anna , Hopkała Hanna , Wójtowicz Zbigniew , Nikołajuk Justyna
Published: December 2019

The present study was designed to evaluate the oxidative stress-related parameters in alloxan-induced diabetes in rabbits. After 3, 6, 12 and 24 weeks of hyperglycaemia the enzymatic and non-enzymatic factors were measured in heart tissue of diabetic and control groups. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and the contents of total sulfhydryl compounds significantly increased at all time intervals. Catalase activity increased initially (after 3 and 6 weeks), decreased after 12 weeks and increased again at the 24th week of the experiment. Glutathione reductase activity increased initially (at 3rd week), decreased below control level after 6 and 12 weeks, then increased again. Ascorbic acid concentration decreased after 3 and 6 weeks, and increased at the 12th and 24th weeks. The level of lipid peroxidation products was reduced after 3, 6 and 12 weeks of the experiment. After 24 weeks it was significantly elevated. These data suggest that hyperglycaemia induces oxidative stress in the heart but the defense mechanisms in the heart tissue are fairly efficacious against oxidative injury.
Dual effect of 2-methoxyestradiol on cell cycle events in human osteosarcoma 143B cells.
Authors: Gołebiewska Justyna , Rozwadowski Piotr , Spodnik Jan Henryk , Knap Narcyz , Wakabayashi Takashi , Woźniak Michał
Published: December 2019

We have demonstrated for the first time that the steroid metabolite, 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME) is a powerful growth inhibitor of human osteosarcoma 143 B cell line by pleiotropic mechanisms involving cell cycle arrest at two different points and apoptosis. The ability of 2-ME to inhibit cell cycle at the respective points has been found concentration dependent. 1 microM 2-ME inhibited cell cycle at G1 phase while 10 microM 2-ME caused G2/M cell cycle arrest. As a natural estrogen metabolite 2-ME is expected to perturb the stability of microtubules (MT) in vivo analogously to Taxol--the MT binding anticancer agent. Contrary to 2-ME, Taxol induced accumulation of osteosarcoma cells in G2/M phase of cell cycle only. The presented data strongly suggest two different mechanisms of cytotoxic action of 2-ME at the level of a single cell.
Facilitated diffusion of glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase inhibitors enhances their antifungal activity.
Authors: Janiak Agnieszka , Cybulska Barbara , Szlinder-Richert Joanna , Borowski Edward , Milewski Sławomir
Published: December 2019

N3-(4-Methoxyfumaroyl)-L-2,3-diaminopropanoic acid (FMDP) and 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucitol-6-phosphate (ADGP) are strong inhibitors of the essential fungal enzyme, glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase, but their antifungal activity is poor, due to slow penetration of these agents through the cytoplasmic membrane. In the present studies we have exploited the possibility of enhancement of ADGP and FMDP antifungal activity by improving their transport properties. It has been found that membrane-permeabilising polyene macrolides amphotericin B (AMB) and its N-methyl-N-fructosyl methyl ester derivative (MF-AME), at subinhibitory concentrations, facilitate diffusion of ADGP through the fungal cell membrane, thus allowing a decrease of its minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Synergistic effects have been observed for combinations of ADGP with AMB or MF-AME. Fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indexes, determined against a number of Candida spp., have been in the 0.18-0.81 range. Weak antifungal synergistic effects have been found for combinations of FMDP with AMB or MF-AME. ADGP can be easily encapsulated into unilamellar lipid vesicles. Liposomal preparations of ADGP demonstrated stronger antifungal activity against some fungal strains than free ADGP.
Influence of G2 arrest on the cytotoxicity of DNA topoisomerase inhibitors toward human carcinoma cells with different p53 status.
Authors: Bozko Przemyslaw , Larsen Annette K , Raymond Eric , Skladanowski Andrzej
Published: December 2019

We here report the influence of the cell cycle abrogator UCN-01 on RKO human colon carcinoma cells differing in p53 status following exposure to two DNA damaging agents, the topoisomerase inhibitors etoposide and camptothecin. Cells were treated with the two drugs at the IC90 concentration for 24 h followed by post-incubation in drug-free medium. RKO cells expressing wild-type, functional p53 arrested the cell cycle progression in both the G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle whereas the RKO/E6 cells, which lack functional p53, only arrested in the G2 phase. Growth-arrested cells did not resume proliferation even after prolonged incubation in drug-free medium (up to 96 h). To evaluate the importance of the cell cycle arrest on cellular survival, a non-toxic dose of UCN-01 (100 nM) was added to the growth-arrested cells. The addition of UCN-01 was accompanied by mitotic entry as revealed by the appearance of condensed chromatin and the MPM-2 phosphoepitope, which is characteristic for mitotic cells. G2 exit and mitotic transit was accompanied by a rapid activation of caspase-3 and apoptotic cell death. The influence of UCN-01 on the long-term cytotoxic effects of the two drugs was also determined. Unexpectedly, abrogation of the G2 arrest had no influence on the overall cytotoxicity of either drug. In contrast, addition of UCN-01 to cisplatin-treated RKO and RKO/E6 cells greatly increased the cytotoxic effects of the alkylating agent. These results strongly suggest that even prolonged cell cycle arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle is not necessarily coupled to efficient DNA repair and enhanced cellular survival as generally believed.
5'-Esters of 2'-deoxyadenosine and 2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine with cell differentiation-provoking agents.
Authors: Grieb Paweł , Kryczka Tomasz , Wójtowicz Radosław , Kawiak Jerzy , Kazimierczuk Zygmunt
Published: December 2019

Phenylacetic and retinoic acids are carboxyacidic cell differentiating agents displaying anticancer activities. We report on a new class of compounds including the 5'-esters of 2'-deoxyadenosine (dA) or 2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine (cladribine, 2CdA) and the aforementioned acids. The rationale behind the synthesis of these esters was that if they are hydrolyzed inside the lymphoid cells, either dA will be removed from the intracellular environment by deamination, or 2CdA will be phosphorylated and accumulated. In either case targetted delivery of the differentiating agent to the lymphoid cells may be envisaged. The said compounds were synthesized by the Mitsunobu procedure employing triphenylphosphine and azadicarboxylic acid esters, and their stability was tested against various esterases. Esters of dA and 2CdA with phenylacetic acids were found to be resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis, whereas those with retinoic acids were efficiently hydrolyzed by commercially available hepatic esterase as well as by esterases present in the blood plasma and in diluted human lymphocyte lysate. Susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis was found to be a prerequisite of cytotoxic and/or differentiating activity of these esters in leukemic cell lines.
In vivo effect of diallyl sulfide and cimetidine on phenacetin metabolism and bioavailability in rat.
Authors: Szutowski Mirosław M , Zalewska Katarzyna , Jadczak Marta , Marek Monika
Published: December 2019

Numerous cytochrome P450 inhibitors have been described as effective modulators of cytochrome P450 isoforms activity in vitro. Their inhibitory efficiency may be considerably modified after in vivo application. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of oral administration of diallyl sulfide--a cytochrome P450 2E1 inhibitor and cimetidine--a cytochrome P450 2C6 and 2C11 inhibitor on rat serum concentration of phenacetin and its metabolite acetaminophen. Both inhibitors increased area under the curve (AUC(0-4 h)) for phenacetin by 50%. Only cimetidine reduced AUC(0-4 h) for acetaminophen indicating inhibition of O-deethylation activity. Quinidine--a cytochrome P450 2D subfamily and P-glycoprotein inhibitor did not change significantly phenacetin bioavailability. These results suggest that diallyl sulfide inhibits the deacetylation pathway catalysed by arylamine N-acetyl transferase. Beside cytochrome P450 1A2 other cytochrome P450 isoforms (2A6 and/or 2C11) are involved in phenacetin O-deethylation in rat.
Heteroplasmy analysis in the Polish patients with 11778A mutation responsible for Leber hereditary optic neuropathy.
Authors: Mroczek-Tońska Katarzyna , Ratajska Dorota , Guillot Cecile , Sasiadek Maria , Ambroziak Anna , Lubos Leszek , Bartnik Ewa
Published: December 2019

We have analysed the heteroplasmy level in 11 individuals from 3 families harbouring the mitochondrial 11778A mutation responsible for Leber hereditary optic neuropathy using last cycle hot PCR. The mutation level exceeded 90% both in affected and in unaffected individuals. We also checked whether any of the families belonged to the J haplogroup of mitochondrial DNA and obtained a negative result.
Teaching in Linguistically and Culturally Diverse Classrooms in Canada: Self-Efficacy Perceptions of Internationally Educated Teachers
Authors: Vidwans Mithila , Faez Farahnaz
Published: December 2019

Set in Ontario, which is the most diverse province in Canada, this study (N = 76) examined Internationally Educated Teachers’ (IETs) and non-Internationally Educated Teachers’ (non-IETs) sense of self-efficacy for providing linguistically and culturally inclusive pedagogy in K-12 classrooms. Theories of self-efficacy and culturally responsive pedagogy frame this research. This study employed a quantitative 40-item survey to compare teachers’ self-efficacy perceptions of general pedagogy and culturally responsive pedagogy. Results show that while both groups were equally consistent in their self-efficacy perceptions for providing general pedagogy, IETs reported significantly higher self-efficacy for providing culturally responsive pedagogy.

Réalisée en Ontario, la province la plus diversifiée du Canada, auprès d’enseignantes et enseignants formés à l’étranger (IETs) et d’enseignantes et enseignants formés ailleurs qu’à l’étranger (non-IETs), cette étude rend compte de la mesure dans laquelle ces professeurs se sentent personnellement capables d’offrir efficacement une pédagogie linguistiquement et culturellement inclusive dans les salles de classe de la maternelle à la douzième année. Éclairée par des recherches dans les domaines de l’auto-efficacité et de la pédagogie adaptée aux réalités culturelles, cette enquête quantitative basée sur la réponse à 40 questions a permis de comparer les perceptions d’auto-efficacité des enseignantes et enseignants à l’égard de la pédagogie en général et de la pédagogie adaptée aux réalités culturelles. Les résultats de l’enquête indiquent que, alors que les sentiments d’auto-efficacité des membres des deux groupes étaient uniformes quant à la pédagogie en général, les enseignantes et enseignants formés à l’étranger se sentent considérablement plus à même d’offrir une pédagogie adaptée aux réalités culturelles.
Adoption and Diffusion of Open Educational Resources (OER) in Education
Authors: Otto Daniel
Published: December 2019

The concept of open educational resources (OER) is becoming increasingly prominent in education. However, research circles around defining OER, content and forms of OER, technological features of OER, and the importance of the issue or lack thereof. Vital aspects such as the notion of the adoption of OER by educational practitioners remain underdeveloped. In order to shed light on the question of how to adopt OER in education, the article presents findings of a meta-study which critically reviewed 25 state-funded OER projects located in Germany. All projects aimed to anchor OER across educational areas, such as school, higher, continuing, and vocational education. The meta-analysis disclosed a mixed bag of results. Although interest and willingness to deal with OER can be confirmed, reservation is rooted in the complexity of the topic and especially the legal concerns. However, the findings demonstrate that OER can by no means be ignored in the context of teaching and learning in a digital world. Integrating OER as an aspect of existing educational training should, therefore, be encouraged. Concerning future design recommendations, to conflate OER with other pressing issues and to simultaneously emphasise its added value explicitly is a promising approach. Moreover, establishing central contact points in educational institutions to accompany and monitor actors on their path to OER appears to be necessary. Notwithstanding the concrete measures, any strategy must operate persistently at both levels, institutional and practical, embracing all relevant stakeholders.
PERANCANGAN MULTIPURPOSE WHEELCHAIR
Authors: Ardhi Nusantara Fathonisyam Putra , I Batan Made Londen
Published: December 2019

The limitations of the rooms in the hospital may be reasonable, but it will be a problem if this happens at certain times when there is an over the quota of patients such as during an outbreak of Dengue Fever or in the event of a natural disaster. Generally, patients must be willing to sleep on the floor just because of the limitations of the inpatient room and also the bed.

To help overcome this problem, especially to help paramedic needs, a multipurpose wheelchair is designed so that in addition to being able to be used as patient transportation, it can also be used as an examination table. The method used to develop the wheelchair starts from an inventory of wheelchair needs, concept development, and selection. The reference used for concept development is a conventional wheelchair while the criteria set for the variety of concepts are the function, operational ease and convenience (wheelchair wear ergonomics).

As the central part of the wheelchair, the frame is made of stainless steel pipes. To keep the seating position stable, the swing arm is used as a place to hang the seat on the mainframe. The cross position in the middle of the frame functions to keep the wheelchair symmetrical and can be folded when not in use. Semicircular discs with seven keyholes, each of which is spaced 150, are used as a system for backrest mechanisms to allow them to lie down. The rack and pinion system is used as a mechanism for wheelchair lifting when it is functioned as an examination table. Ergonomics analysis with the help of Catia software using the RULA method, the grand score obtained is 3. So that the design of the wheelchair is quite safe

Keywords: Wheelchairs, multipurpose, stable, foldable, rack and pinion and ergonomic
Conhecimento prévio de paleontologia e geologia de ingressantes em cursos de Ciências Biológicas e Geologia de universidades do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Duarte Sarah Gonçalves , Santos Nayara de Macedo dos , Bandeira Luana Graziella , Martins Claudia Maria Magalhães Ribeiro , Pereira Marcos Gervásio , Caetano Lúcio Carramillo
Published: December 2019

O ensino da Paleontologia e Geologia é relevante, porém ainda é trabalhado de forma insuficiente e limitada na educação básica. Atualmente, especialistas em educação afirmam sobre a importância de se averiguar o conhecimento prévio dos estudantes, inclusive na graduação, para que o processo de ensino aprendizagem seja eficiente. Uma pesquisa através de um questionário foi realizada para saber sobre o conhecimento prévio dos estudantes recém ingressados nos cursos de Ciências Biológicas e Geologia do Rio de Janeiro em relação à Paleontologia e à Geologia. Os resultados obtidos apontaram problemas no ensino dessas áreas, pois os alunos confundiram Paleontologia com Arqueologia, têm o conceito de fósseis limitado a ossos e não possuem noções claras sobre a área da Geologia. A pesquisa é relevante como alerta aos professores da educação básica sobre a importância do ensino da Geociências no ensino médio e fundamental e para que professores da graduação se preocupem em saber o conhecimento prévio dos estudantes para melhor encaminhá-los.
O tempo geológico em livros didáticos de Geografia
Authors: Costa Danilo Mosca da , Souza Edson Roberto de
Published: December 2019

O Tempo Profundo ou História Geológica da Terra é marcado ou dividido em éons e eras, além de períodos e épocas, cada qual com acontecimentos fundamentais e importantes que propiciaram a evolução estrutural do planeta e o desenvolvimento das diversas formas de vida. A dinâmica pode ser algo vislumbrante para jovens estudantes do ensino básico, pois são assuntos que despertam o interesse comum em entender a origem e história do planeta, dentro de uma perspectiva científica. Uma das principais formas que a maioria dos alunos possui para aprender a temática é por meio do livro didático de geografia, disciplina que abrange diversos assuntos das geociências no âmbito escolar. Nesse trabalho, discutiremos que recursos alguns autores de livros didáticos de geografia têm se utilizado para representar ou explicar a história geológica da Terra, assunto fundamental para a compreensão do desenvolvimento do planeta e de nosso papel como espécie.
A geologia que não se ensina nos livros didáticos de ciências do 6º ano nas escolas municipais de Maceió, AL, Brasil
Authors: Silva Josilaine Santina da , Machado Fábio Braz , Teixeira Danilo Missias , Zafalon Marcelo Martin
Published: December 2019

Neste trabalho são discutidas a qualidade e a importância dos livros didáticos de Ciências em uso nas turmas de 6º ano do ensino fundamental II nas escolas municipais de Maceió-AL com vigência de 2017 até 2019. Busca-se também destacar a relevância do ensino de Geologia na educação básica diante da formação dos alunos. No procedimento de pesquisa foi adotado o método de análise do conteúdo (AC) que consiste em etapas e categorias definidas. A análise foi aplicada por meio de uma categoria: representações visuais (mapas, fotografias e ilustrações/representações esquemáticas). Trabalhou-se com o tema Geologia, a partir dos seguintes conteúdos: O Tempo Geológico; A Estrutura do Interior da Terra; Às Teorias Relacionadas as Placas Tectônicas; Minerais e Rochas; Fenômenos Naturais de Origem Geológica e Solos. Entre os principais resultados obtidos, identificaram-se os problemas relacionados as representações visuais, envolvendo a qualidade gráfica e ausência dos principais elementos que auxiliem na leitura e interpretação das representações.
A terra esférica e o olhar transcendental na Antiguidade Greco-Romana
Authors: Fabrício Deyse Cristina Brito , Vitte Antonio Carlos
Published: December 2019

O texto propõe estudo da concepção de Terra esférica a partir de alguns modelos da filosofia grega, com destaque para Anaximandro e Platão. São estabelecidos apontamentos sobre a filosofia pré-socrática, cujo estudo da natureza é marcado por mutações em relação às mitologias, bem como por abordagem inovadora da astronomia babilônica. Ressalta-se que a atividade intelectual dos filósofos da natureza fez parte de contexto histórico específico, com a inserção de questões políticas, como o advento da pólis e a organização espacial decorrente. São apresentadas concepções sobre o formato da terra nas mitologias de Homero e Hesíodo, prosseguindo com a contextualização das cosmologias pré-socrática e platônica. Finalizamos apontando o caráter transcendental das imaginações sobre a Terra esférica no contexto da filosofia e sua influência no autor romano Cícero.
Confusão na evolução
Authors: Pioker-Hara Fabiana Curtopassi , Faht Elen Cristina
Published: December 2019

O ensino de evolução encontra muitos desafios, dentre eles, a compreensão do tempo geológico pelos estudantes. Nesse sentido, filmes animados que tratam de seres que viveram em eras pretéritas podem servir de ponto de partida para discussões acerca do tema. Este trabalho, parte de uma pesquisa em andamento, traz a análise de duas animações infantis (Em Busca do Vale Encantado e A Era do Gelo 3) acerca da presença de anacronismos na construção das personagens. Pontuamos e discutimos também o contexto geológico e paleoclimático das histórias. Notamos que Em Busca do Vale Encantado tem um certo rigor  científico na construção das personagens e da história, embora tenha dois personagens anacrônicos. Já A Era do Gelo 3, além de retratar como contemporâneos animais separados por milhões de anos, trata da última glaciação do Pleistoceno como o único evento de glaciação desde os dinossauros. Do ponto de vista didático, os dois longa-metragens têm potencial para compor a discussão sobre tempo geológico em sala de aula. Pretendemos futuramente criar uma ferramenta didática para auxiliar o professor de ciências na abordagem da macroevolução e do passado geológico e climático do planeta.
Relación entre el sexo y el estrato sociodemográfico de los habitantes de los distritos de San Isidro y Cercado de Lima con la percepción de la inseguridad ciudadana.
Authors: Aguilar Inga Alison , Bueno Araujo Cristina , Bautista Bravo Eder , Cárdenas Hiraoka Emily , Chinguel Ordinola Tania , Ucedo Silva Víctor Hugo
Published: December 2019

En este artículo se analizó la relación entre el sexo y estrato sociodemográfico de los habitantes que residen en los distritos de San Isidro y Cercado de Lima con la percepción de la inseguridad ciudadana. El estudio se basó en los datos obtenidos a partir de la encuesta realizada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadísticañ e Informática [INEI] sobre victimización en el período 2016-2017. La muestra estuvo conformada por 379 residentes habituales del distrito Cercado de Lima y 205 residentes habituales del distrito San Isidro. Los entrevistados tenían una edad de 15 años a más y fueron seleccionados de manera aleatoria. Los resultados indican que las variables de estrato sociodemográfico y distrito están relacionadas con varios indicadores de la percepción de inseguridad ciudadana, a diferencia de la variable sexo que sólo se relacionó con la variable de percepción referida a la existencia de vigilancia en el distrito por parte de la Policía Nacional.
Approach to design of distributed multi-agent system for processing sound information of the environment
Authors: Vishniakou U. A. , Shaya B. H.
Published: December 2019

The processes of measurement, recording and analysis of different sound levels are considered. The amplitude and effect of sound waves vary considerably in continuous space-time measurements. Modeling different types of sounds and their spatiotemporal effects becomes important for assessing the sound situation both in working spaces and in recreation areas. Developing a model that reflects the characteristics of sounds, their sources, and the rules that govern their distribution in different environments would help track sound variations and predict their future changes for spatiotemporal states. Similar works abroad are given, but they are of a private nature. There are many features that you can use to describe audio signals. We consider a wide range of objects to evaluate the effect of each object and select the appropriate set of objects to distinguish between classes. Two estimations of a sound situation are given: on the basis of short-term energy and average speed of change. Three different classification methods are investigated: KNearest neighbors, Gaussian mixture model and Support vector machine.

Multi-agent system (M)AS characteristics are given, the classification, trends in the use of multi-agent intelligent technologies for information processing are presented. Authors propose the use of MAS for sound information (MASSI) monitoring. MFSSI structure includes many agents of sound transformation, analysis of information received from them and decision-making. MASSI can handle noise levels in the urban space and to help in the study of noise pollution in many areas.
Unlocking the Potential: Understanding the Psychological Factors That Influence Technology Adoption in the Upstream Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Roberts Ruby , Flin Rhona
Published: December 2019

To maximize the opportunities for the adoption of newly developed products, there is a need to better understand how psychological factors have an impact on the acceptance and deployment of innovative technology in industry. While there is extensive general literature on the psychological factors that influence consumer behavior and the use of new technologies, there seemed to be very limited understanding of this topic, specifically relating to the upstream energy sector. A literature review was conducted to (1) identify what, if any, research has been conducted in relation to the psychological factors influencing technology adoption and deployment in the oil and gas (O&G) industry and (2) identify what interventions have been developed to support technology adoption in O&G.

A literature search was undertaken, and given the limited research anticipated, minimum selection criteria were applied on the basis of Cochrane quality control (Higgins and Green 2011). In the 17 articles that met the search criteria, there was limited discussion of the psychological factors that have an impact on O&G technology adoption. The articles were subject to Braun and Clarke (2006) thematic analysis, producing a list of psychological factors that influence technology adoption in O&G.

Only five psychological factors were identified: personality (e.g., exploration traits and risk aversion), attitude (e.g., trust and not-invented-here syndrome), social (e.g., social norms), cognition (e.g., risk perception), and psychological factors at an organizational level (leadership and organizational culture). In addition, our review identified a small number of interventions that were developed and deployed to support technology adoption in O&G.

Given the early stages of this research area, combined with the relevance for technology innovation in upstream O&G, our review adds to the literature by identifying an initial framework of the key psychological factors. This essential set of factors can be used to direct future research, as well as to support effective interventions aimed at supporting the introduction of new technology.
Calculation of Perforated Vertical and Horizontal Well Productivity in Low-Permeability Reservoirs
Authors: Wu Minglu , Zhu Jiamin , Li Longlong , Li Pengguang
Published: December 2019

This paper presents the productivity formulas of a perforated vertical well on the basis of the dual-radial-flow model and then presents the productivity formulas of horizontal wells on the basis of disturbing elliptical flow theory. The threshold pressure gradient (TPG) is used to characterize the seepage characteristics of low-permeability reservoirs. By combing the above formulas, the authors proposed the productivity formulas of perforated horizontal wells in a low-permeability reservoir on the basis of the triple-radial-flow model. The formulas are derived considering the cases of the damaged zone being penetrated and being partially penetrated. At the same time, the flow patterns of single-phase flow and oil/water two-phase flows are considered. Sensitivity analysis on the performance of the perforated well shows that the productivity increases with the increase of the length of the horizontal well, penetration depth, shot density, perforation diameter, and phasing, and it decreases with the increase of TPG, compaction thickness, and crush degree of the crushed zone; the influence of the length of the horizontal well, TPG, penetration depth, shot density, compaction degree, phasing, perforation diameter, and compaction thickness on the productivity is in descending order.
Patients’ experiences of discontentment one year after total knee arthroplasty- A qualitative study
Authors: Mahdi Aamir , Svantesson Mia , Wretenberg Per , Hälleberg Maria
Published: December 2019

Background Total knee arthroplasty is a common procedure with generally good results. However, there are still patients who are discontented without known explanation. Contentment and discontentment have previously been captured by quantitative designs, but there is a lack of qualitative studies regarding these patients’ experiences. Qualitative knowledge might be useful in creating strategies to decrease the discontentment rate. Methods Of the 348 patients who responded to a letter asking if they were contented or discontented with their surgery, 61 (18%) reported discontentment. After excluding patients with documented complications and those who declined to participate, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 44 patients. The interviews were analyzed according to qualitative content analysis. The purpose was to describe patients’ experiences of discontentment one year after total knee arthroplasty. Results The patients experienced unfulfilled expectations and needs regarding unresolved and new problems, limited independence, and need for buttresses. They were bothered by pain and stiffness, and worried that changes were complications as a result of surgery. They described inability to perform daily activities and valued activities. They also felt a need for buttresses, and a lack of respect and continuity, support from health care, and information adapted to their needs. Conclusion Patient expectation seems to be the major contributing factor in patient discontentment after knee replacement surgery. This qualitative study sheds light on the meaning of unfulfilled expectations, in contrast to previous quantitative studies. The elements of unfulfilled expectations need to be dealt with both on the individual staff level and on the organizational level. For instance, increased continuity of healthcare staff and facilities may help to improve patient contentment after surgery.
Oxytocin Receptor Gene, Childhood Maltreatment and Borderline Personality Disorder among Male Inmates in China
Authors: Zhang Min , Liu Na , Chen Haocheng , Zhang Ning
Published: December 2019

Background: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is caused by a variety of biological and environmental factors. Accumulating evidence suggests that childhood maltreatment is a risk environmental factor in the development of BPD, but research on the genetic pathology of BPD is still in its early stages, and very little is known about the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene. The purpose of this study is to further explore the interactive effects between OXTR gene polymorphisms and childhood maltreatment on BPD risk.
Methods: Among the 1804 male inmates, 765 inmates with high risk were included in this study. Childhood maltreatment, BPD, antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and impulsivity were measured by self-reported questionnaires. Peripheral venous blood was collected for the genotype test.
Results: Analyses revealed that the BP group had higher rs53576 AA genotype frequency and rs237987 AA genotype frequency than the non-BP group. Total childhood maltreatment score, emotional abuse and neglect could positively predict BPD risk. Among the high-risk samples, rs53576 GG genotype carriers had higher BPD scores at higher levels of physical abuse and sexual abuse and had lower BPD scores at lower levels of physical abuse and sexual abuse.
Conclusions: The findings suggest that the interaction between OXTR gene variations and childhood maltreatment is an important mechanism for the development of BPD. The moderating role of the OXTR gene provides evidence for gene plasticity.
Serum-to-urine renalase ratio and renalase fractional excretion in healthy adults and chronic kidney disease patients.
Authors: Serwin Natalia Maria , Wiśniewska Magda , Cecerska-Heryć Elżbieta , Safranow Krzysztof , Skwirczyńska Edyta , Dołęgowska Barbara
Published: December 2019

Background: Renalase is a flavoprotein that plays a protective role in chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular diseases. The secretion and way of action of this protein are still discussed. The aim of our study was to estimate the balance between serum and urine renalase in healthy individuals and chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, using two parameters: fractional excretion (FE) and serum-to-urine renalase ratio (StURR). Methods: Our study involved 28 healthy volunteers and 62 patients with CKD in stages I to IV. The concentration of renalase in serum and urine was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (EIAab, Wuhan, China). We analyzed associations between renalase levels in urine and serum, and other parameters: sex, age, GFR, presence of hypertension, diabetes, and proteinuria, and determined the serum-to-urine renalase ratio and fractional excretion of renalase. Results: Renalase and serum-to-urine ratio were significantly higher in CKD patients in comparison with the control group. Fractional excretion was lower in CKD patients but this difference did not reach the statistical significance (p=0.092). Multivariate analysis performed in the CKD group showed, that from mentioned parameters, serum renalase was the only significant independent factor strongly positively associated with urinary renalase concentration. Conclusions: The serum-to-urine ratio is significantly and about 6.5-fold higher in CKD patients, and the fractional excretion of renalase is 3-fold, but not significantly lower in CKD patients. Renalase levels in both serum and urine are not related to glomerular filtration rate and not associated with blood pressure.
Validity Of Self-reported Alcohol And Other Drug Use Among Pregnant Women Attending Midwife Obstetric Units In The Cape Metropole, South Africa
Authors: Williams Petal Petersen , Mathews Catherine , Jordaan Esme , Washio Yukiko , Terplan Mishka , Parry Charles
Published: December 2019

The authors have withdrawn this preprint from Research Square
Effective methods for reactivating inactive blood donors: a stratified randomized controlled study
Authors: OU-YANG Jian , BEI Chun-Hua , LIANG Hua-Qin , HE Bo , CHEN Jin-Yan , FU Yong-Shui
Published: December 2019

Background: Recruiting of sufficient numbers of donors of blood products is vital worldwide. In this study we assessed the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of telephone calls and SMS reminders for re-recruitment of inactive blood donors. Methods: This single-centre, non-blinded, parallel randomized controlled trial in Guangzhou, China included 11,880 inactive blood donors whose last donation was between January 1 and June 30, 2014. The donors were randomly assigned to one of two intervention groups (telephone call or short message service [SMS] communications) or to a control group without intervention. SMS messages with altruistic appeal were adopted in the SMS group; in addition to altruistic appeal, reasons for deferral of blood donation were also asked in the telephone group. All participants were followed up for 1 year. The primary outcome was re-donation rate, and rates in different groups were compared by intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis and estimation of the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT). Secondary outcomes were the self-reported deterrents. Other outcomes included the re-donation interval, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of telephone calls and SMS reminders on re-recruitment. Results: ITT analysis revealed no significant differences in the re-donation rate among the three groups. ATT estimations indicated that among compliers, telephone calls significantly increased re-donation compared to both SMS reminders and no intervention. Donor return behaviour was positively associated with receiving reminders successfully, being male, older age, and previous donation history. The SMS reminder prompted donors to return sooner than no reminder within 6 months, and according to ICER calculations, SMS reminders were more cost-effective than telephone calls. Donors reported time constraints as the most main causes of self-deferral in the telephone group, and altruistic appeal had a positive effect on these donors. Conclusions: Interventions to reactivate inactive blood donors can be effective, with telephone calls prompting more donors to return but at a greater cost than SMS messages. SMS reminder with altruistic appeal can urge donors to re-donate sooner within 6 months than no reminder.
Single-session esophagogastroduodenoscopy and endoscopic ultrasound using a forward-viewing radial scan ultrasonic endoscope
Authors: Uchida Daisuke , Kato Hironari , Matsumoto Kazuyuki , Ishihara Yuki , Matsumi Akihiro , Saragai Yosuke , Takada Saimon , Yabe Shuntaro , Muro Shinichiro , Tomoda Takeshi , Horiguchi Shigeru , Okada Hiroyuki
Published: December 2019

Background Endoscopic ultrasound is useful for obtaining high-resolution images of pancreaticobiliary diseases, but is not readily available for physical checkups. In this study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of single-session esophagogastroduodenoscopy and endoscopic ultrasound in the detection of upper-gastrointestinal and pancreaticobiliary diseases using a forward-viewing radial scan ultrasonic endoscope. Methods A total of 148 patients who were scheduled for upper-gastrointestinal screening using an endoscope were prospectively included. All patients were examined by EUS in combination with EGD using a forward-viewing radial scan ultrasonic endoscope. The primary endpoint was the safety of the procedures. The secondary endpoints were the prevalence of diseases, the basal imaging capability of EUS, the procedure time, total dose of propofol, and the correlation between background factors and the prevalence of pancreatic disease. The imaging capability at each region was scored as 0 (invisible) to 2 (sufficient visualization to evaluate the organs). Results Intraoperative hypotension occurred as an adverse event of intravenous anesthesia in one patient. There were 82 pancreaticobiliary findings and 165 upper-gastrointestinal findings (malignancy not included). Follicular lymphoma of the intra-abdominal lymph nodes was detected in one patient. The mean imaging scores of each section were 1.95 (pancreatic head and papilla), 2.0 (pancreatic body), 1.99 (pancreatic tail), and 1.89 (common bile duct and gallbladder). Age, history of diabetes mellitus, and smoking history were significantly associated with the prevalence of pancreatic diseases. Conclusion The simultaneous performance of EGD and EUS using a new ultrasonic endoscope is tolerable and safe for upper-gastrointestinal and pancreaticobiliary screening.
Dissecting Myocardial Mechanics in Patients with Severe Aortic Stenosis: 2-Dimensional vs 3-Dimensional-Speckle Tracking Echocardiography
Authors: Bi Xiaojun , Yeung Darwin F , Salah Husam M. , Calle Maria C. Arciniegas , Thaden Jeremy J. , Nhola Lara F. , Schaff Hartzell V. , Pislaru Sorin V. , Pellikka Patricia A. , Pochettino Alberto , Greason Kevin L. , Nkomo Vuyisile T. , Villarraga Hector R.
Published: December 2019

Background: Aortic stenosis (AS) causes left ventricular (LV) pressure overload, leading to adverse LV remodeling and dysfunction. We examined the impact of severe AS and its consequent increase in LV afterload on myocardial deformation and rotational mechanics by 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) speckle-tracking echocardiography.
Methods: We prospectively measured various strain parameters in 168 patients (42% female, mean age 72±12 years) with severe AS and LV ejection fraction (EF) ≥50%, and compared them to normal values found in literature. 2D and 3D images were analyzed for global longitudinal strain (GLS), global circumferential strain (GCS), global radial strain (GRS), basal rotation, apical rotation, and peak systolic twist. We further assessed the degree of concordance between 2D and 3D strain, and examined their association with measures of LV preload and afterload.
Results: Patients with severe AS exhibited significantly lower GLS and GRS but higher GCS, apical rotation, and twist by 2D and 3D echocardiography compared with published normal values (P=0.003 for 3D twist,P<0.001 for all others). There was modest agreement between 2D and 3D GLS measurements (concordance correlation coefficient 0.49, 95% confidence interval 0.39-0.57). GLS was modestly correlated with valvulo-arterial impedance, a measure of LV afterload (r=0.34, p<0.001 for 2D and r=0.23, p=0.003 for 3D).
Conclusion: Patients with severe AS demonstrate lower-than-normal GLS and GRS as a result of increased afterload but appear to compensate with higher-than-normal GCS, apical rotation, and twist in order to maintain a preserved LVEF. Our study provides, to our knowledge, the most comprehensive analysis to date of myocardial deformation and rotational mechanics by 2D and 3D speckle-tracking echocardiography in patients with severe AS and preserved LVEF.
How were situations of preventive and curative care expenditure for AIDS and medical burden of patients? Research based on "System of Health Accounts 2011 "
Authors: Zhan Huan , Wu Qiong , Zang Shuang , Zhou Liangrong , Wang Xin
Published: December 2019

Background: The problem of AIDS response has not only involved public health, but also had a great impact on the family burden.The objective of this study was to estimate the preventive and curative care expenditure(PCE)for AIDS of Hunan Province in 2017 based on System of Health Accounts 2011(SHA2011)by quantity,financing scheme,health provider,health function,and to analyses the factors affecting patients' medical burden.Methods: Through stratified multi-stage sampling method, 1336 institutions were surveyed to obtain AIDS prevention and control data, and the official data collected from Health Statistical Yearbook, Health Financial Annual Reports and Government Input Monitoring System were used to estimate the AIDS PCE based on SHA2011. Univariate analyses and ordered logistic regression were used to evaluate the factors affecting the medical burden of AIDS patients.Results: The AIDS PCE of Hunan Province in 2017 was 266.67 million, mainly flowed to hospitals and disease prevention and control institutions. The proportions of curative care expenditure(CCE) and prevention expenditure were 51.39% and 48.61% respectively. Prevention expenditure were mainly used for traditional prevention methods. All prevention expenditure and 88.52% of CCE were borne by public financing scheme. Family health expenditure accounted for 11.12% of CCE，but there were still some people with heavy burden of treatment. Non insurance, co-infection and length of stay are risk factors to the total hospitalization expenses(Totalexp)and the out-of-pocket payments(OOPs)(all p <0.05,OR>1). Taking the age group under 30 as the reference, the partial regression coefficient of the age group over 60 was statistically significant (OR (Totalexp) =1.809, OR (OOPs) =0.30).Conclusion:The financing structure of the PCE for AIDS in Hunan Province was relatively stable and the flow of institutions was reasonable. The functional flow of expenditure embodied the principle of "prevention first". China should incorporate oral PrEP into the national guidelines as soon as possible to improve the allocation efficiency of AIDS prevention resources. Meantime, several measures should be taken to reduce the medical burden of AIDS patients, including expanding the scope of government assistance, adjusting insurance compensation measures, increasing the rate of patients participating in insurance,encouraging commercial insurance to join the AIDS insurance system,and controlling length of stay in hospital.
WITHDRAWN: Determinants Of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis Among Adultsundergoing Treatment For Tuberculosis In Tigray Region, Ethiopia: A Case Control Study
Authors: Zereabruk Kidane , Kahsay Tensay , Teklemichael Hiyab , Aberhe Woldu , Hailay Abrha , Mebrahtom Guesh , Bezabih Gebrewahd
Published: December 2019

Background

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is a type of tuberculosis that is resistant to at least the first line anti-tuberculosis drugs namely, Rifampicin and Isoniazid. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis has continued to be a challenge for tuberculosis control globally. Globally 600,000 people were newly eligible for Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment with an estimated 240,000 deaths annually. There are few numbers of multi drug resistant tuberculosis studies in different regions of Ethiopia. However, most of these studies were restricted only to a single hospital and there is no published information regarding multi drug resistant tuberculosis in Tigray region. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the determinants of multidrug resistant tuberculosis among adults undergoing treatment for tuberculosis in Tigray region, Ethiopia.Methods

A hospital based unmatched case control study was conducted from April to June, 2019. Simple random sampling method was used to select 85 cases and 169 controls. Primary data was collected by face-to-face interview and secondary data by reviewing patients’ charts using pretested structured questionnaires. The data were entered and cleaned using Epi data manager then exported to SPSS for analysis. Binary Logistic regression model was used to test the association between independent and dependent variables. Model fitness was checked using Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit and Variance inflation factor was used to assess multi collinearity between the independent variables. Variables at p-value less than 0.25 in bivariate analysis was entered into a multivariable analysis to identify the determinant factors of multi drug resistant tuberculosis. Finally, level of significance was declared at p-value <0.05.Results

A total of 254 participants with 85 cases and 169 controls were included in this study. Of the respondents, 62 (36.7%) among the controls and 48 (56.5%) among the cases were living in rural residence. Rural residence [AOR=2.54;95%CI=1.34,4.83], HIV[AOR=4.5;95%CI=1.4,14.2], relapse [AOR=3.86;95%CI;1.98,7.5], return after lost follow up [AOR=6.29;95% 1.64,24.2], treatment failure [AOR=5.87; CI=1.39,24.8] were among the determinants of Multi drug resistance tuberculosis.Conclusion

Rural residence, HIV, relapse, return after lost follow up and treatment failure were the identified determinant factors of Multi drug resistance tuberculosis.