bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vibrationally resolved photoemissions of N2 (C3Πu → B3Πg) and CO (b3Σ+ → a3Π) by low-energy electron impacts
Authors: Meng Xin , Wu Bin , Gao Xiao-Fei , Xie Jing-Chen , Li Hao , Yu Yuanqin , Zhao Dong-Feng , Tian Shan Xi
Published: July 2020

Vibrationally resolved photoemission spectra of the electronic-state transitions C3Πu → B3Πg of N2 and b3Σ+ → a3Π of CO following low-energy electron impacts are measured with a crossed-beam experimental arrangement. The absolute cross sections of C3Πu (ν′) → B3Πg (ν″) of N2 are presented for the vibrational state-to-state transitions (ν′,ν″) = (0,0), (0,1), (1,0), (1,2), and (2,1). The excitation cross sections of the metastable state C3Πu of N2 show the maxima at the electron-impact energies 14.10 (ν′ = 0) eV and 14.50 (ν′ = 1) eV, which are potentially related to the core-excited vibrational Feshbach resonant state 2Σu+ of N2− formed by electron attachment. The absolute cross sections of b3Σ+ (ν′ = 0) → a3Π (ν″ = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) of CO are given by the calibrations with those of N2 measured in this work. Besides the maximum excitation cross section 5.85 × 10−18 cm2 at 10.74 eV of the CO b3Σ+ (ν′ = 0) state, some fine structures on the excitation function profile are attributed to different shapes and Feshbach resonant states of CO− formed by electron attachment, while the others arise from the direct electron-impact excitation. Some discrepancies, particularly for N2, between the present data and the results available in the literature studies arise from different experimental techniques and data-processing procedures. Furthermore, contributions of physical processes such as wave-packet evolution and non-Franck–Condon dynamics are highlighted here.
Numerically “exact” approach to open quantum dynamics: The hierarchical equations of motion (HEOM)
Authors: Tanimura Yoshitaka
Published: July 2020

An open quantum system refers to a system that is further coupled to a bath system consisting of surrounding radiation fields, atoms, molecules, or proteins. The bath system is typically modeled by an infinite number of harmonic oscillators. This system–bath model can describe the time-irreversible dynamics through which the system evolves toward a thermal equilibrium state at finite temperature. In nuclear magnetic resonance and atomic spectroscopy, dynamics can be studied easily by using simple quantum master equations under the assumption that the system–bath interaction is weak (perturbative approximation) and the bath fluctuations are very fast (Markovian approximation). However, such approximations cannot be applied in chemical physics and biochemical physics problems, where environmental materials are complex and strongly coupled with environments. The hierarchical equations of motion (HEOM) can describe the numerically “exact” dynamics of a reduced system under nonperturbative and non-Markovian system–bath interactions, which has been verified on the basis of exact analytical solutions (non-Markovian tests) with any desired numerical accuracy. The HEOM theory has been used to treat systems of practical interest, in particular, to account for various linear and nonlinear spectra in molecular and solid state materials, to evaluate charge and exciton transfer rates in biological systems, to simulate resonant tunneling and quantum ratchet processes in nanodevices, and to explore quantum entanglement states in quantum information theories. This article presents an overview of the HEOM theory, focusing on its theoretical background and applications, to help further the development of the study of open quantum dynamics.
Gamma-phase CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals/polymethyl methacrylate electrospun nanofibrous membranes with superior photo-catalytic property
Authors: Zhang Qi , Deng Xiaonan , Tan Chengyu , Zhou Yangying , Chen Xing , Bai Xuming , Li Jianbao , Tang Bin , Li Shuangshou , Lin Hong
Published: July 2020

Gamma-phase cesium lead tri-bromide perovskite nanocrystals (γ-CsPbBr3 NCs) possess potentially photo-catalytic degradation ability and long-term stability. However, their serious aggregation issue decreases their active surface area, and the recombination of photo-generated hole–electron pairs weakens their photo-catalytic property. Furthermore, these NCs can be easily absorbed on the surface of dyes [e.g., methylene blue (MB)] or dissolved in the dye solution during the photo-catalytic degradation process, thus reducing the amount of γ-CsPbBr3 NCs and their photo-catalytic degradation ability. Besides, the residual γ-CsPbBr3 NCs in the photo-catalytic degradation products also present the toxicity issue (containing Pb) and are hazardous to the ecological environment and human health. In the present study, we fabricated γ-CsPbBr3 NCs/polymethyl methacrylate electrospun nanofibrous membranes (γ-CsPbBr3 NCs/PMMA ENMs) by using electrospinning technology to solve the above problems. It is found that the synthesized γ-CsPbBr3 NCs/PMMA ENMs show a large surface area and the abundant functional groups on their surfaces, which are benefit for forming multiple kinds of chemical bonding effect between γ-CsPbBr3 NCs and PMMA ENMs. In addition, γ-CsPbBr3 NCs could disperse homogeneously in or on the surface of PMMA ENMs. These abundant chemical bonds and homogeneous distributions of γ-CsPbBr3 NCs on the surface of PMMA ENMs can significantly decrease the recombination of photo-generated hole–electron pairs and toxicity issue of γ-CsPbBr3 NCs during the photo-catalytic degradation process. Exhilaratingly, γ-CsPbBr3 NCs/PMMA ENMs could maintain a superior photo-catalytic degradation ability toward various dyes and reveal a high photo-catalytic degradation efficiency of 99.18% in 60 min for MB.
Homo-epitaxial growth of n-GaN layers free from carbon-induced mobility collapse and off-angle-dependent doping variation by quartz-free hydride vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Fujikura Hajime , Konno Taichiro , Kimura Takeshi , Narita Yoshinobu , Horikiri Fumimasa
Published: July 2020

Certain undesired phenomena are observed in n-GaN layers grown by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) due to the unavoidable C-induced carrier compensation. They are a drastic reduction in carrier mobility, called mobility collapse, and significant non-uniformity in the carrier concentration due to the off-angle dependence of the C-incorporation efficiency of the process. These phenomena are particularly severe for low doping levels between 1015 and 1016/cm3, which are suitable for fabricating drift layers used in vertical-type GaN power devices that operate in the range of a few kilovolts to tens of kilovolts. However, the C-related undesired characteristics are absent in homo-epitaxial n-GaN layers grown by quartz-free hydride vapor phase epitaxy (QF-HVPE), recently developed by us. The utilization of C-free raw materials alongside quartz-free parts enables the growth of highly pure GaN crystals with negligible Si, C, and O incorporations. These crystals exhibited an electron concentration in the low-1015/cm3 range with the highest reported room temperature electron mobility, μ, of 1470 cm2/V s among GaN crystals, whereas n-GaN layers with similar carrier concentrations but containing C-compensation, as in the case of those grown by MOCVD, exhibited a severe mobility collapse (μ = 288 cm2/V s). High uniformity in the carrier concentration with a small standard deviation of 4.0% was observed in a 2-in. n-GaN wafer grown by QF-HVPE on a GaN substrate with an off-angle variation of 0.3°. On the other hand, the standard deviation of the carrier concentration in wafers grown by MOCVD was approximately 17% because of the off-angle-dependent C-incorporation.
3D printed tubular lattice metamaterials with engineered mechanical performance
Authors: Jiang Huan , Zhang Zhennan , Chen Yanyu
Published: July 2020

We numerically and experimentally report 3D tubular lattice metamaterials with sinusoidal ligaments, which enable the deformation pattern to switch from bending to stretching. A non-linear J-shape stress-strain response and auxetic behavior over a large deformation range are observed due to the intrinsic deformation mechanism. Numerical analyses further demonstrate that the proposed tubular lattice metamaterials exhibit a high degree of tunability for Poisson's ratio and mechanical responses. In particular, the design flexibility can be harnessed to create heterogeneous tubular structures that can morph into target shapes. The findings presented here provide insights to develop 3D architected metamaterials with various potential applications, such as tissue engineering, biomedical devices, and stretchable electronics.
Altered localisation of ZmPIN1a proteins in plasma membranes responsible for enhanced-polar auxin transport in etiolated maize seedlings under microgravity conditions in space
Authors: Oka Mariko , Kamada Motoshi , Inoue Riko , Miyamoto Kensuke , Uheda Eiji , Yamazaki Chiaki , Shimazu Toru , Sano Hiromi , Kasahara Haruo , Suzuki Tomomi , Higashibata Akira , Ueda Junichi
Published: July 2020

In the International Space Station experiment ‘Auxin Transport’, polar auxin transport (PAT) in shoots of etiolated maize (Zea mays L. cv. Golden Cross Bantam) grown under microgravity in space was substantially enhanced compared with those grown on Earth. To clarify the mechanism, the effects of microgravity on expression of ZmPIN1a encoding essential auxin efflux carrier and cellular localisation of its products were investigated. The amounts of ZmPIN1a mRNA in the coleoptiles and the mesocotyls in space-grown seedlings were almost the same as those in 1 g-grown seedlings, but its products were not. Immunohistochemical analysis with anti-ZmPIN1a antibody revealed a majority of ZmPIN1a localised in the basal side of plasma membranes of endodermal cells in the coleoptiles and the mesocotyls, and in the basal and lateral sides of plasma membranes in coleoptile parenchymatous cells, in which it directed towards the radial direction, but not towards the vascular bundle direction. Microgravity dramatically altered ZmPIN1a localisation in plasma membranes in coleoptile parenchymatous cells, shifting mainly towards the vascular bundle direction. These results suggest that mechanism of microgravity-enhanced PAT in maize shoots is more likely to be due to the enhanced ZmPIN1a accumulation and the altered ZmPIN1a localisation in parenchymatous cells of the coleoptiles.
Review of Hill (2019): The Historical Phonology of Tibetan, Burmese, and Chinese
Authors: Orlandi Giorgio (Georg)
Published: July 2020

The book under review serves as a significant contribution to the field of Trans-Himalayan linguistics. Designed
as a vade mecum for readers with little linguistic background in these three languages, Nathan W. Hill’s work
attempts, on the one hand, a systematic exploration of the shared history of Burmese, Tibetan and Chinese, and, on the other, a
general introduction to the reader interested in obtaining an overall understanding of the state of the art of the historical
phonology of these three languages. Whilst it is acknowledged that the book in question has the potential to be a solid
contribution to the field, it is also felt that few minor issues can be also addressed.
Differences in perception and memory for speech fragments in complex versus simple words
Authors: Pycha Anne
Published: July 2020

Two experiments investigated how people perceived and remembered fragments of spoken words that either
corresponded to correct lexical entries (as in the complex word drink-er) or did not (as in the simple word
glitt-er). Experiment 1 was a noise-rating task that probed perception.
Participants heard stimuli such
drinker, where strikethrough indicates noise overlaid at a
controlled signal-to-noise ratio, and rated the loudness of the noise. Results showed that participants rated noise on certain
pseudo-roots (e.g.,
glitter) as louder than noise on true roots
(
drinker), indicating that they perceived them with less clarity. Experiment 2 was an eye-fixation task that probed memory. Participants heard a word such as
drink-er while associating each fragment with a visual shape. At test, they saw the shapes again, and were
asked to look at the shape associated with a particular fragment, such as drink. Results showed that fixations to
shapes associated with pseudo-affixes (-er in glitter) were less accurate than fixations to
shapes associated with true affixes (-er in drinker), which suggests that they remembered the
pseudo-affixes more poorly. These findings provide evidence that the presence of correct lexical entries for roots and affixes
modulates people’s judgments about the speech that they hear.
The role of affective meaning, semantic associates, and orthographic neighbours in modulating the N400 in single words
Authors: Blomberg Frida , Roll Mikael , Frid Johan , Lindgren Magnus , Horne Merle
Published: July 2020

The N400has been seen to be larger for concrete than abstract words, and for pseudowords than real words. Using a word vector analysis to calculate semantic associates (SA), as well as ratings for emotional arousal (EA), and a measure of orthographic neighbourhood (ON), the present study investigated the relation between these factors and N400amplitudes during a lexical decision task using Swedish word stimuli. Four noun categories differing in concreteness:specific(squirrel),general(animal)emotional(happiness) andabstract(tendency) were compared withpseudowords(danalod). Results showed that N400amplitudes increased in the orderemotional<abstract<general<specific<pseudoword. A regression analysis showed that the amplitude of the N400decreased the more semantic associates a word had and the higher the rating for emotional arousal it had. The N400also increased the more orthographic neighbours a word had. Results provide support for the hierarchical organisation of concrete words assumed in lexical semantics. They also demonstrate how affective information facilitates meaning processing.
Can a bilingual lexicon be sustained by phonotactics alone?
Authors: Lipski John M.
Published: July 2020

This study focuses on bilingual speakers of Ecuadoran Quichua and the mixed language known as Media Lengua, which consists of Quichua morphosyntactic frames with all content word roots relexified from Spanish. For all intents and purposes, only the lexicon – more specifically, lexical roots – separate Media Lengua from Quichua, and yet speakers generally manage to keep the two languages apart in production and are able to unequivocally distinguish the languages in perception tasks. Two main questions drive the research effort. The first, given the very close relationships between Quichua and Media Lengua, is whether each language has a distinct lexicon, or a single lexical repository is shared by the two languages. A second and closely related question is the extent to which language-specific phonotactic patterns aid in language identification, possibly even to the extent of constituting the only robust language-tagging mechanism in a joint lexicon. Using lexical-decision and false-memory tasks to probe the Quichua-Media Lengua bilingual lexical repertoire, the results are consistent with a model based on a single lexicon, partially differentiated by subtle phonotactic cues, and bolstered by contemporary participants’ knowledge of Spanish as well as Quichua.
Recent applications of metaphor research in cognitive behaviour therapy
Authors: Mathieson Fiona , Jordan Jennifer , Stubbe Maria
Published: July 2020

Metaphors are common in psychotherapy. The last decade has seen increasing interest in the use of metaphor in
cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), with attention to client metaphors being asserted as a way of enhancing CBT. However, prior to
this current research there was very little research on the use of metaphor in CBT sessions, and no studies have examined how to
train therapists in this skill.

This article discusses four studies that provide a preliminary empirical basis for the exploration of metaphors in
CBT. The first study evaluated the reliability and utility of an approach to metaphor identification. The second study explored
how clients and therapists co-construct metaphors, contributing to development of a shared language in early therapy sessions and
identified a range of responses to each other’s metaphors. The third study explored the effect of training CBT therapists to
intentionally bring client metaphors into case conceptualisations in terms of building therapeutic alliance and collaboration,
along with an exploration of preference for metaphoric language. The fourth study explored the impact of the metaphor training on
therapist confidence, awareness and use of metaphors, based on therapist self-report ratings and reflections on their ongoing
application of learning over a three month period. These findings suggest that it is possibly to conduct empirical research on
metaphor in CBT, with metaphor having potential as an important therapy process1
variable.
High microbiota reactivity of adult human intestinal IgA requires somatic mutations
Authors: Kabbert Johanna , Benckert Julia , Rollenske Tim , Hitch Thomas C.A. , Clavel Thomas , Cerovic Vuk , Wardemann Hedda , Pabst Oliver
Published: July 2020

The gut is home to the body’s largest population of plasma cells. In healthy individuals, IgA is the dominating isotype, whereas patients with inflammatory bowel disease also produce high concentrations of IgG. In the gut lumen, secretory IgA binds pathogens and toxins but also the microbiota. However, the antigen specificity of IgA and IgG for the microbiota and underlying mechanisms of antibody binding to bacteria are largely unknown. Here we show that microbiota binding is a defining property of human intestinal antibodies in both healthy and inflamed gut. Some bacterial taxa were commonly targeted by different monoclonal antibodies, whereas others selectively bound single antibodies. Interestingly, individual human monoclonal antibodies from both healthy and inflamed intestines bound phylogenetically unrelated bacterial species. This microbiota cross-species reactivity did not correlate with antibody polyreactivity but was crucially dependent on the accumulation of somatic mutations. Therefore, our data suggest that a system of affinity-matured, microbiota cross-species–reactive IgA is a common aspect of SIgA–microbiota interactions in the gut.
Computed tomography reconstruction using deep image prior and learned reconstruction methods
Authors: Baguer Daniel Otero , Leuschner Johannes , Schmidt Maximilian
Published: July 2020

In this paper we describe an investigation into the application of deep learning methods for low-dose and sparse angle computed tomography using small training datasets. To motivate our work we review some of the existing approaches and obtain quantitative results after training them with different amounts of data. We find that the learned primal-dual method has an outstanding performance in terms of reconstruction quality and data efficiency. However, in general, end-to-end learned methods have two deficiencies: (a) a lack of classical guarantees in inverse problems and (b) the lack of generalization after training with insufficient data. To overcome these problems, we introduce the deep image prior approach in combination with classical regularization and an initial reconstruction. The proposed methods achieve the best results in the low-data regime in three challenging scenarios.
Inverse scattering on the half-line for energy-dependent Schrödinger equations
Authors: Hryniv Rostyslav O , Manko Stepan S
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we study the inverse scattering problem for energy-dependent Schrödinger equations on the half-line with energy-dependent boundary conditions at the origin. Under certain positivity and very mild regularity assumptions, we transform this scattering problem to the one for non-canonical Dirac systems and show that, in turn, the latter can be placed within the known scattering theory for ZS-AKNS systems. This allows us to give a complete description of the corresponding scattering functions S for the class of problems under consideration and justify an algorithm of reconstructing the problem from S.
Implication of

b→cτν¯τ

flavor anomalies on

Bs→Ds*τν¯τ

decay observables
Authors: Das Nilakshi , Dutta Rupak
Published: July 2020

The experimental predictions of R

D
,

R

D

*

, R

J/ψ
,

P

τ

D

*

and

F

L

D

*

in B decays mediated via

b
→
c
l

ν

¯

τ

quark level transition deviate significantly from the standard model expectations. The current world average of the ratio of branching ratios R

D
and

R

D

*

in

B
→

D

(

*

)

l

ν

¯

l

(l ∈ e, τ) show 1.4σ and 2.5σ deviation from the SM expectations. Similarly, the τ polarization fraction

P

τ

D

*

and the longitudinal polarization fraction of the D* meson

F

L

D

*

in

B
→

D

*

τ

ν

¯

τ

are found to deviate from the standard model expectations at 1.6σ and 1.5σ level, respectively. In addition, the ratio of branching ratio R

J/ψ
in

B

c

→
J
/
ψ
l

ν

¯

l

deviates from the standard model prediction at 1.7σ level. In this regard, we study the implication of R

D
,

R

D

*

, R

J/ψ
,

P

τ

D

*

and

F

L

D

*

anomalies on

B

s

→

D

s

*

τ

ν

¯

τ

decay observables in a model independent effective field theory formalism. We give predictions of several physical observables in the standard model and in the presence of various 1D and 2D new physics scenarios.
Radioactive 3D printing for the production of molecular imaging phantoms
Authors: Gear Jonathan I , Cummings Craig , Sullivan Jim , Cooper-Rayner Natalie , Downs Patrick , Murray Iain , Flux Glenn D
Published: July 2020

Quality control tests of molecular imaging systems are hampered by the complexity of phantom preparation. It is proposed that radioisotopes can be directly incorporated into photo-polymer resins. Use of the radio-polymer in a 3D printer allows phantoms with more complex and reliable activity distributions to be produced whilst simplifying source preparation.

Initial tests have been performed to determine the practicality of integrating Tc-99m into a photo-polymer and example phantoms produced to test suitability for quality control. Samples of build and support resins were extracted from the print cartridges of an Objet30Pro Polyjet 3D printer. The response of the resin to external factors including ionising radiation, light and dilution with Tc-99m pertechnetate were explored. After success of the initial tests the radio-polymer was used in the production of different phantoms. Radionuclide dose calibrator and gamma camera acquisitions of the phantoms were used to test accuracy of activity concentration, print consistency, uniformity and heterogeneous reproducibility. Tomographic phantoms were also produced including a uniform hot sphere, a complex configuration of spheres and interlacing torus’s and a hot rod phantom.

The coefficient of variation between repeat prints of a 12 g disk phantom was 0.08%. Measured activity within the disks agreed to within 98 ± 2% of the expected activity based on initial resin concentration. Gamma camera integral uniformity measured across a 3D printed flood field phantom was 5.2% compared to 6.0% measured with a commercial Co-57 flood source. Heterogeneous distributions of activity were successfully reproduced for both 2D and 3D imaging phantoms. Count concentration across regions of heterogeneity agreed with the planned activity assigned to those regions on the phantom design.

3D printing of radioactive phantoms has been successfully demonstrated and is a promising application for quality control of Positron Emission Tomography and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography systems.
Dwelling time calculation for film uniformity correction by ion beam sputtering process on larger optical materials
Authors: Wang D S , Li X J , Nie F M , Zhao S Y , Xu M , Zhang N , Qi Z C , Pei N , Guo H L , Zhang X
Published: July 2020

It is difficult to obtain film with uniform thickness and constant performance for optical components with larger diameter. It is a critical technology to improve the film uniformity during the deposition process. The ion beam sputtering system was used to prepare the film on the surface of large-aperture optical elements. The performance of film including thickness and roughness were measured by step profiler and optical profilometer instrument. The film thickness correction model was proposed in this paper. The optimized dwell time ratio was obtained by the film thickness data obtained from former experiments, and the dwell time distribution was calculated, after several iteration with the model, uniform film can be achieved on optical elements over 300mm in diameter. Taking the Si film on the surface of fused silica as an example. The research results show that, different film thickness between 100nm and 400nm can be obtained, when the film thickness is more than 200 nm, the film uniformity from more than 13% to less than 0.5%. The surface roughness variation of optical material before and after film deposition were studied, which provide stable process for obtaining high performance film on larger optical components.
Fabrication of micro-ignition sequence based on electronics safety and arming unit
Authors: Shen Y , Xu J B , Wang Ch G , Yang T L , Wang Y T , Zhang Z H , Li F W , Ye Y H , Shen R Q
Published: July 2020

This paper describes an ignition circuit consisted of one micro igniter and one electronic security microswitch that could realize the intelligent function of micro-ignition sequence. The micro-ignition sequence, integrated with ignition circuit, chamber, nanothermite and B/KNO3, was fabricated on the same silicon chip by mechanical engraving and classic micro mechanical systems (MEMS) technology including magnetron sputtering and plasma etching steps. In addition, the size of micro-ignition sequence was less than 0.15 cm3. The electronic security microswitch based on energetic film Al/MoO3 can implement the function of circuit switch conversion under 1.5 A during 3 ms. The paper presents the design, fabrication and test of the micro-ignition sequence integrating of electronics safety and arming unit.
Experimental study on water-entry of body with buffer at high velocity
Authors: Wu S Y , Shao Zh Y , Zhang B , Gao Y G , Feng Sh Sh
Published: July 2020

In order to study the buffering effect of the structure when it enters the sea at high speed in the air, an effective test method is established in this paper. The experimental method can effectively observe the motion state of the structure body and the deformation process of the buffer structure, and the impact response data collected by the acceleration sensor provides an important reference for the research. The results show that the cushioning device installed on the head of the structure can effectively reduce the overload at the moment of water impact, and the choice of protective material will affect the cushioning energy absorption effect.
Experimental study: effects of typical man-rifle parameters on aiming performance
Authors: Wang Yuan , Wang Ya-Ping , Xu Cheng
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the aiming performance implications of three typical man-rifle parameters, including the stock length, stock axis height and front grip position. An orthogonal test with three factors and three levels was designed. The EMG data of selected muscles and muzzle fluctuations were obtained by surface electromyography test system and 3D motion capture system. The results showed that different man-rifle parameters led to an alteration of muscle fatigue, thereby affecting aiming stability. The length and height of stock caused different muscle fatigue levels of right arm, and left arm muscles were sensitive to front grip position and stock length changes. The stock length and stock axis height affected horizontal aiming stability, and vertical aiming stability responded to all three manrifle parameters. Overall, the stock axis height had the greatest impact on the aiming stability.
The probabilistic reasoning of hierarchical diagnosis decision-making
Authors: Ge Yawei , Hou Xiqian
Published: July 2020

Aiming at the problems of information incompleteness, model complexity and conclusion inaccuracy existing in diagnosis decision-making reasoning under uncertain conditions, probability information and its unique attributes are introduced on the basis of ontology reasoning to realize the formal expression of uncertainty in various elements of diagnosis decision-making ontology, and the probability ontology is obtained. On this basis, Probabilistic Graphical Model (PGM)—Dynamical Uncertain Causality Graph (DUCG) is selected to implement complex uncertain causality in hierarchical diagnosis decision-making ontology and compact expression of effective probability reasoning. And the hierarchical diagnosis decision-making ontology based dynamic uncertain diagnosis decision-making causality diagram model is put forward, and its system structure is built. Combining with the ontology concepts, relations, attributes to build, simplify, split, and delete the causality diagram, the chain of reasoning, probability calculation and sorting under the uncertain conditions are realized.
Cushion system’s modeling analysis of great load tension testing machines for structural component
Authors: Lei Zhang , Keqin Chen , Ying Wang , Peng Gu , Hongwei Zhang , Chuang Liu
Published: July 2020

Based on the theory of conversation of energy, momentum theorem and hydrodynamics, cushion system’s model of great load tension testing machines for structural component was built, and the design method of cushion system was got. There was instructional effect on engineering application.
Design of ballistic chamber for certification tests of crushers
Authors: Plachá A , Hipnarowicz K
Published: July 2020

This paper presents a design process of ballistic chamber for certification tests of crushers, including all design’s steps from conceptual design to shooting tests. This issue has been raised, because so far, all certification tests were carried out only by shooting tests, which was associated with high costs and large amount of effort. Therefore design of ballistic chamber for certification tests of crushers was aimed at reducing costs, including the reduction of the amount of necessary equipment. Design process of ballistic chamber for certification tests of crushers consists of a few steps, which were thoroughly described in the article. In the first step basic parameters of the ballistic chamber was calculated and in the second step, based on obtained results, 100 mm BS-3 barrel gun was adapted to carrying certification tests of crushers. In the third step the charge was fired in the ballistic chamber and the pressure graph was obtained. Next the pressure graphs from the ballistic chamber have been compared to analogous pressure graphs from the 100 mm BS-3 barrel gun (in which certification tests of crushers were usually carried out). Comparison has shown that the ballistic chamber can be used for certification tests of crushers and also for the ballistic tests of charges in the dynamic conditions, as in real shooting process.
The analysis of temperature compensation of the transient piezoresistive ultra-high pressure sensor
Authors: Zhang M H , Li Y , Wang H , Liu L Y
Published: July 2020

The ultra-high pressure piezoresistive sensor works with the Wheatstone half bridge theory. Because of the electric resistance temperature coefficient difference and the four electric resistances value of bridge arm are different in the manufacturing, zero drift and zero temperature drift generally exist in practical application of the ultra-high pressure piezoresistive sensor, which leads to loss of measuring accuracy of sensor. It requires a normalized polynomial fitting algorithm to achieve null balance and compensate zero drift simultaneously. According to model analysis and deduction as well as experiments, statistics obtained through normalized polynomial fitting algorithm is the same as experiments and shows higher accuracy, better compensation effect. The ultra-high pressure piezoresistive sensor compensated by the software method can be widely used in pressure testing and research on interior ballistics, especially the high pressure gun under the high temperature, high pressure, and high impact environment.
Elicitation of knowledge from a defence expert
Authors: O’Brien Sinead , Proud William G , Wilson Dr Margaret A
Published: July 2020

The aim of this work is to understand the way that a defence expert defines the concept of importance in relation to the ideas contained in a scientific document. The expert’s views on the importance of the concepts in this document were elicited in two phases. In the first phase, the expert was asked to summarise an eight-page document on the effects of electromagnetic fields on propellant combustion. Completion of this task generated a series of ’key points’. Phase two of the methodology was a sit-down interview with the expert. This interview comprised three parts: asking the expert to talk through why each of the key points were important, asking the expert to sort the key points into categories according to how important they are and then asking the expert to generate categories of why the points are important. The techniques used for expert elicitation proved highly successful in relation to this domain of knowledge. Not only were the procedures able to extract the underlying categories through which the expert structured their understanding of the field, but the results indicated reliability in the content of knowledge extracted through different methods. Subsequent papers in this project compare this work to parallel analysis conducted using Natural Language Processing tools.
Research on the strategy of the architecture modeling of aviation ammunition system-of-systems based on mission and capability
Authors: Wang X G , Zhao H Y , He X F , Hu L F , Wu X Q , Xu Sh
Published: July 2020

The development of the aviation ammunition system has evolved from equipment-based capacity-based. The mapping relations of aviation ammunition mission-ability-weaponry and the capacity-need of different mission are analyzed in this paper. Foreign ammunition development trends and capacity-supported are discussed. Based on the advantages and disadvantages of foreign weapon system architecture, the DODAF (Department of Defense Architecture Framework) and Agent-based system construction strategy is used in the modeling process. This method can provide a certain reference for aviation ammunition architecture.
Experimental study of the mechanical response of a physical human surrogate thoracic model impacted by a rubber ball
Authors: Yan Wenmin , Yao Xuefeng , Wang YaoShu , Jin Yongxi , Wei Wei
Published: July 2020

A physical human surrogate thoracic model was developed using biosimulant materials and the same anthropometry as a healthy adult male, and ballistic tests targeting the physical thoracic model were conducted using a rubber ball with a diameter of 16 mm at low (85-90 m/s), moderate (110-115 m/s), and high (130-135 m/s) velocities. The mechanical response to impact was recorded with sensors embedded into the organs. The internal organs pressure waves exhibited blast-like characteristics for the physical mode. Three parameters of initial pressure in organ were determined from the measured data: internal organs maximum pressure (Pmax), internal organs maximum pressure impulse (PImax), and the internal organs pressure gradient (dP/dt). The three parameters showed the same trend for the three different impact velocities, and these results represented a significant step in developing an understanding of the energy transfer characteristics of ballistic impacts to the human thorax. The results demonstrate the discriminating abilities of the model between threat levels, impact velocities and impact locations. It is found the first time to construct a physical human surrogate thoracic model dedicated to study the mechanism of the blunt injury impacted by the less-lethal ammunition, and the results of this research provided the function of a physical surrogate model of the human thorax which can transfer energy and propagate pressure waves during rubber bullet impacts. The model could be used to evaluate the efficiency of less-lethal ammunition before using it in the course of law enforcement, and the model provides a tool for forensic verification and validation.
Design of a polar elliptical orbit for a nanosatellite at LEO altitude of 475 km/725 km with maximum coverage of the world for seismic wave detection
Authors: Gupta M
Published: July 2020

Earthquakes and their after-consequences claim hundreds of lives and reason enormous belongings damage each year. Satellites had been unquestionably beneficial within the response to earthquakes, offering essential verbal exchange and far-flung sensing assist. This paper deals with an evaluation at the seismic wave detection through the nanosatellite within the Polar Elliptical orbit at low earth orbit (LEO) altitude of 475 km/725 km with maximum insurance of the world. The satellite proposed in the article is designed to collect data from the seismic areas through electromagnetic waves (EM) the very low frequency (VLF) and low frequency (LF) electromagnetic waves i.e. the fluctuation in the VLF and FL electromagnetic waves. As satellite observations of the ionosphere above the rupture zone of the future earthquake’s location also revealed the fact that there are changes in the VLF emissions a few days before the event. Therefore, Nanosatellite is used to monitor the electromagnetic signals to create a correlation with an eventual earthquake event. According to the paper the nanosatellite design is based on the CubeSat concept. It is a well-known fact that there are lots of links between the seismic events occurrence and different phenomena that predict their occurrence and hence, the precursors are also defined for this reason. Using Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) or Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technology for monitoring tectonic deformation on a global scale and the restrictions like lighting conditions or cloud cover or any other atmospheric conditions can be terminated. In addition, seismic sensors and Satellite Tool Kit (STK) or GMAT are also being used for the identification of the waves and finding the relation with ground waves. Thereby, the paper aims to demonstrate a close link between the seismic events and electromagnetic wave propagation anomalies which are recorded before the advent of an earthquake to obtain a more precise result so that it can lend a helping hand for the society as well as humanity.
Design and implementation of fast moving object telemetry receiver
Authors: Kuczerski T , Zieba J
Published: July 2020

Increase in the development of missile technology and the need to control/monitor fast-moving prototypes for various purposes, forces the development of a ground station with automatic telemetry reception capability. The paper presents the preliminary results of the research of the automatic system of maintaining the continuity of communication between the ground station and the moving object. The advantage of the solution is the low weight and dimensions of the transmitting system and the resistance of the receiver to frequency shift resulting from the movement of the object. The receiving module was implemented on the basis of SDR technology together with an application using FFT. The application of the above solution allows for the implementation of the telemetry systems.
Flight stability for the anti-aircraft guided projectile firing on the move
Authors: Zhang Long , Zhang Yan , Li Rui , Wang Hai
Published: July 2020

Aiming at the rapid manoeuvring launching requirements of anti-aircraft guided projectiles, the flight stability analysis of a guided projectile launch is carried out, and the initial disturbance parameters model based on equivalent analysis is established. The initial disturbance parameters model and the guided projectile rigid body trajectory model are combined. The relationship between the dynamics and kinematics of the guided projectile is described. The flight performance of the guided projectile is analysed by the stability theory and the criterion. The influence of the launch disturbance on the flight stability is obtained, and the allowed boundary of the guided projectile launch is determined.
A preliminary study of the military applications and future of individual exoskeletons
Authors: Jia-Yong ZHOU , Ye LIU , Xin-Min MO , Chong-Wei HAN , Xiao-Jing MENG , Qiang LI , Yue-Jin WANG , Ang ZHANG
Published: July 2020

In today’s battlefield, soldiers are increasingly more mobile, better protected and relying heavily on information. The price to pay is that they also have to carry more and more when they are out in the field. In a harsh and hostile environment, the increasing loads can be too much or even fatal for soldiers. As a result, exoskeletons that help make faster, stronger and more endurable soldiers have become a focal point of research. With an eye on its applications in the military, we have categorized exoskeletons as two types, namely, active and passive, and examined its research status quo. We suggest that efforts be taken to further categorize exoskeletons for soldiers. And typical military scenarios where five different exoskeletons can be used are elaborated. In conclusion, we have looked into the future of individual exoskeletons in terms of its technology and roadmap of development. It is now clearer where individual exoskeletons can be used and in which direction should research efforts be made.
Constant-volume combustion performance of mixed charge of foamed propellant with nitramine propellant
Authors: Yang W T , Hu R , Zhao Y H , Xiao X , Yang J X
Published: July 2020

Foamed propellants based on polymer bonded nitramine explosives show high burning rates due to their porous structure and showed great potential for combustible cartridge case. Thus, the in-depth study of the co-combustion behavior of the foamed propellant and matching propellant is necessary. In this paper, closed bomb tests were used to study the co-combustion performance of nitramine propellant (RGD7) and surface coated nitramine propellant (SC-RGD7) mixed with foamed propellant. The influence of foamed propellant’s proportion in mixed charges on the combustion behavior was studied and analysed. It was found that the maximum dynamic vivacity and the value of B at maximum dynamic vivacity of mixed charge increased with the increase of added foamed propellant, resulting in better combustion progressivity. Meanwhile, the ignition delay of foamed propellant influenced the first stage of combustion, and the penetration combustion of foamed propellant influence the middle stage.
Effect of gap on the polymorphic transition of ε-CL-20
Authors: Wu Z K , Song X D , Zheng W , Pei J F , Zhang Ch , Zhang R , Zhao F Q
Published: July 2020

The ε-form 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazatetracyclo [5.5.0.05,9.03,11] dodecane (CL-20) is the highest energy density compound which can be applied in practice at present. In this work, the effect of GAP on the polymorphic transition of ε-CL-20 was investigated by Raman spectroscopy and Calvet microcalorimeter method. The results show that the polymorphic transition temperature of ε-CL-20 to α-CL-20 can be reduced significantly by GAP, and the accurate temperature is 83.7°C. This investigation provides guidance to process condition selection for GAP-based propellants containing CL-20.
Copper azide nanowires@rgo energetic composite with low electrostatic sensitivity
Authors: Liu X W , Li T T , Hu Y , Ye Y H , Shen R Q
Published: July 2020

A novel energetic composite with low electrostatic sensitivity was successfully synthesised in this work. Copper nanowires decorated reduced graphene oxide (CuNW@rGO) precursor was prepared through a facile one-pot hydrothermal approach. Then the precursor was deposited on silicon substrate by electrophoretic deposition, which greatly reduced the security risks of directly handling of powder sample. Copper azide nanowires(CANW)@rGO was in-situ fabricated by reaction of copper nanowire (CuNW ) @rGO with HN3 gas. The materias were characterized by SEM-EDS, TEM, XRD, DSC and Raman spectroscopy. The electrostatic sensitivity of CANW@rGO composite was investigated by electrostatic sensitivity tester JGY-50III. The discharge energy at 50%(E50%) of CANW@rGO composites with rGO contents of 15 and 25 wt% were 0.92mJ and 1.43mJ, respectively. The results indicate that the electrostatic sensitivity of the as-prepared CANW@rGO energetic composite was highly reduced with the addition of rGO.
Preparation and properties of w(Al) alloy powders
Authors: Li Shun , Tang Yu , Zhang Xiaohong , Zhao Kongxun , Bai Shuxin
Published: July 2020

In order to improve the density and penetrating ability of Al/Ni energetic structural materials, W with the high density and hardness generally was introduced. But the oxidation reaction of W factually is difficult to induce because of the strong binding energy. It then results in the great reduce of energy release. In this work, W(Al) super-saturated solid solution powders with the average particle size of 3.9μm, were synthesized by mechanical alloying. In this super-saturated solid solution, Al atoms are evenly distributed in the W lattice and Al content can reach 80 at.%. Moreover, Al is still stable in the lattice of W but not form Al-W intermetallic, when W(Al) powders were annealed at 1200°C for 30 min in vacuum. As a large amount of Al atoms into W, the activity of W is greatly improved, thus the combustion heat of W(Al) super-saturated solid solution powders can reach about 11.3KJ/g.
Study on the traceability of equivalent water content of nitrogen tetroxide measured by nuclear magnetic method
Authors: Shao H F , Liu Y J , Ren W J , Mao Y N , Li J , Zhao X G , Ji K J
Published: July 2020

This paper studies the traceability of the certified value of the reference material with the equivalent water content of nitrogen tetroxide(NTO) and green nitrogen tetroxide(MON), which lays the foundation for the certified value of the reference material. The purity of bibenzyl was measured by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), the water content of deuterium acetonitrile(DAN) was measured by Karl Fischer method, the proton content and water content of deuterium acetonitrile(DAN) were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(NMR), and the equivalent water content of deuterium acetonitrile(DAN) - nitrous oxide system was measured. All of these three methods can be directly traced to SI units, which are internationally recognized potential reference measurement methods. Therefore, the fixed value of equivalent water content reference material has metrological traceability.
Effect of storage temperature on explosion characteristics of RDX-based thermobaric explosive
Authors: Xiao W , Chen K , Xing H D , Wang B L
Published: July 2020

The effect of storage temperature on explosion characteristics of the free space explosion of RDX-based thermobaric explosives was studied, and the fireball and the overpressure were obtained. The results showed that the temperature and the volume of the fireball can reach 2400 K and 400 m3 respectively. Low temperature and temperature shock will reduce the temperature and the volume of the fireball and the overpressure. In addition, the aluminum powder does not burn completely, and the time to reach the maximum temperature will be delayed by at least 33 ms. The high temperature can slightly enhance the thermal effect and the pressure effect.