bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From ICT-Machine Determinism to a Socio-ICT Organic Design of Knowledge Sharing Systems
Authors: Reay Atkinson Simon , Carlsson Sven , Hossain Liaquat
Published: February 2022

The transfer of knowledge between individuals, groups, practices, communities or systems is regarded as Knowledge Sharing (KS) in organizations. Research suggests that understanding social interaction between different interest groups within an organization is a critical component of effective KS. The relevance of social interaction approach has been debated in areas such as systems design, organizational process redesign, process improvement and artificial intelligence. Organizational science literature also highlights that information and communications technology (ICT) network structures provide insight about the communication patterns of individuals working in an organization. Therefore, an understanding of the ICT networks at play needs to be viewed as an essential element of the design of KS systems in organizations. We posit Mechorganics in terms of ‘the synergistic combination of civil mechanical systems engineering, social network dynamics, ICT and the management of interconnected knowledge, information (and data) infrastructures in the designing and composing of adaptive (resilient and sustainable) organizations’. It is further suggested that organization structures have both a formal and informal structure that may be considered to be a coalition of individuals, with implications for methods of communication and collective decision-making and taking, In this paper, we provide a background to organization as a network of people.
Management with Ergonomic Indicators: A Conception of Indicators System for Performance to the Industry of Construction from the Workers Perception
Authors: Xavier Barbalho Bezerra Isabela , José Matos de Carvalho Ricardo , Lima e Silva Pedro , Fernando Carvalho Vieira Rodolfo , Emanuele Brito de Oliveira Tatiane
Published: February 2022

The main systems available for evaluating the performance of organizations, including the construction industry, leave out many aspects regarding the scope of Ergonomics and Environmental Sustainability. This gap imposes a partial understanding by organizations on their actual performance, compromising their strategies, efficiency, longevity and survival. This article aims at proposing a System of Performance Indicators for the Construction Industry, from the perception that professionals in this industry have on the indicators. This System, built from the Ergonomics approach, integrates the production, health, safety and sustainability criteria, aiming at assisting managers in making decisions. From a bibliographical research 62 (sixty two) indicators were identified. These indicators were classified into 9 (nine) categories, forming a system of indicators. All indicators composing this system underwent validation of 13 (thirteen) groups of professionals working in the construction industry. The proposed system of indicators aims at meeting the attention demand for workers, including indicators of occupational health and safety, and environmental management. It is expected that, consequently, this system can contribute to the development of maturity and organizational culture in construction, as the system expands and integrates the elements of productive efficiency to be measured and improved.
Efficient Control Tool of Work System Resources in the Macro-Ergonomic Context
Authors: Sławińska Małgorzata , Butlewski Marcin
Published: February 2022

The article analyzes macro-ergonomic methods in order to build a model that will enable the creation of patterns used during the monitoring of system resource deficits. Usage of ergonomic approach for this purpose has proved to be necessary due to the fact that the character of the system implies not only a very detailed knowledge of the various subsystems (e.g., technical subsystem, biological subsystem, psychological subsystem, ecological subsystem, etc.), but also above all knowledge about the relationship between the various subsystems and the overall structure of the whole system, such as an organizational unit. The tool obtained in this manner includes the following areas of activity: defining the problem, modeling the work subsystem structure, creating event scenarios, and gathering information during experiments using the previously established at the first stage work situation models and models of the course of objective tasks. The results of these experimental studies are the basis for the creation of systematic mechanisms of work system resource control, taking into account the context of tasks and the environmental influence on the organizational unit. The developed method of system analysis taking into account macro-ergonomic aspects is also presented in the form of a practical example.
sEMG Studies of Milking Activities in Two Different Working Conditions
Authors: Silvetti Alessio , Gismondi Massimo , Mari Silvia , Forzano Federico
Published: February 2022

The increasing degree of specialization of the work involved in milk production due to the growing size of herds often leads to upper limb repetitive movements. Despite the adoption of automation processes, milk production is still an occupation that is susceptible to biomechanical overload. Muscle activity of the extensor pollicis brevis (EXT), flexor carpi radialis (FLEX), biceps brachii (BB) and deltoideus anterior (DA) was studied in five workers while they performed udder cleaning and tapping tasks both before and after an ergonomic intervention consisting in 1) reducing the working plane height by means of a carpet; 2) changing the plastic bottles used in tapping tasks regularly to prevent them from hardening. The mean activation and the time percentage over 10% of the maximal voluntary contraction were calculated. Both tasks induced a marked effort from the EXT and DA muscles, and a milder effort from the BB and FLEX muscles. The ergonomic intervention was followed by a downward trend in both parameters. Further data are currently being acquired on a larger sample of workers to verify whether these preliminary findings are supported more robust statistical analyses.
Relationship among Movement Trajectory of Body Parts, Center of Gravity Movement and Standing Postures while Chucking of an Expert and Non-Expert
Authors: Sirisuwan Porakoch , Yoshikawa Hiroyuki Hamada Takashi
Published: February 2022

The participants are an expert is 85 years has been working 70 years in lathe and the non-expert is 16 years that only 1 year of experience. The standing posture aligned with the chuck had the rotation pattern movement. It had a most distance movement of wrists, shoulders, elbows and hands. The standing on the right of the chuck was not a rotation pattern but trend line movement was a straight line. The standing posture of right side of the chuck always used his waist as like the base of movement. The standing postures did not influence the balance movement between left and right side of body. The standing postures affect the body movement on XZ plane. The expert always bent his elbow both left and right side and stretched it out of the body not only the standing aligned with the chuck but also the standing on the right of the chuck. The difference of hand holding position does not affect the standing posture on the right side of the chuck. The expert always sidle away from the machine around 45 degrees. The differences of hand holding position affect the distance and pattern movement.
Work-Related Accident on Petroleum Industry: Beyond Human Errors and Immediate Causes
Authors: Beltrana Sandra , Almeidab Ildeberto , Vilelac Rodolfo
Published: February 2022

In 2005, there was an explosion during a repair at Barrancabermeja refinery in Colombia. The fire that followed caused the death of two people, left seven wounded and caused losses estimated at nine million dollars. The company presented a video with the description of this accident, pointing as immediate causes of the explosion a dripping of propane-butane mixture from a heat exchanger and a spark generated when a man lift was switched off. The analysis done by the company identified unsafe acts (the use of an inadequate tool to correct the dripping), unsafe conditions (inadequate cap installed on the heat exchanger) and also included in the assigned causes disregarding of rules (not using Safe Isolation System). The objectives of this paper are: to approach this accident analysis from a different perspective, discussing new hypothesis based on organizational factors; to formulate new recommendations in order to contribute to accidents prevention; to encourage an organizational approach for analyzing work-related accidents that goes beyond human errors, technical causes or standards perspectives. This paper used an Analysis and Prevention of Accidents Model (MAPA) based on ergonomics of activity and other concepts used in accident analysis. Info sources were taken from the video, the presentation that summarizes the research done by the company, some press articles and interviews.
Analysis of Temperature on the Surface of theWrist in Individuals Emulating an Operation with Highly Repetitive Movements Using Sensory Thermography
Authors: K. Enriquez Sandra , Camargo Claudia , J. de la Vega Enrique , E. Olguín Jesús , A. López Juan
Published: February 2022

This study focuses on the application of sensory thermography, as a non-invasive method to evaluate the musculoskeletal injuries that industry operators performing Highly Repetitive Movements (HRM) may acquire, which could enhance the pathological understanding of the Cumulative Trauma Disorder (CTD). Changes in wrist temperature throughout the test will be monitored and analysed, with the aim to show the feasibility of the sensory thermography method for wrists. To undertake the experiments, we had three individuals which had common physical conditions, to which the test was applied in a University, following a pre-defined set of conditions; four samples were taken for eachindividual.The maximum temperature was recorder during the 1st test of individual 1, in the left wrist, reaching a temperature of 34.16ºC after 2:06:47 hours, simultaneously at this time lower back pain surged. Analysed data showed that trends do not follow a normal distribution, but a Weibull distribution, with a correlation coefficient in the range of 0.86 and 0.91. It was concluded that it is possible to analyse patterns of temperature in the musculoskeletal areas of an individual performing HRM, which could lead to CTD. By using the sensory thermography CTD’s could be prevented, below an acceptable cost/benefit threshold.
Influence of Footwear on Fall
Authors: in Older Persons Risk
Published: February 2022

It has been shown that several gait parameters are predictive for fall risk in older persons. There is evidence that footwear can influence foot position and gait patterns, especially in older persons. We carried out experiments to study the effects of type of footwear on gait patterns in persons aged 60+. We found an association between the type of footwear and certain gait parameters that are predictive for falls. In conclusion footwear can increase fall risk. Footwear for older people should be designed in such a way that risk of falls is minimized.
Ergonomic Problems in Japan’s Medical Air Transportation Services
Authors: Shinohara Kazuhiko
Published: February 2022

Special considerations must be given in medical air transportation to medical professionals, medical equipment, and flight crews due to the conditions of the critically ill patients transported, the intra-aircraft environment, and the need to make emergency flights. However, few studies have investigated the ergonomic problems faced by the medical air transportation services provided in Japan. Therefore, here we investigated ergonomic problems, including those related to medical device use, faced by medical personnel and the aviation community in Japan. Results indicated that basic education and training on aerospace physiology, intra-aircraft use of medical equipment, flight operation systems, and crew resource management are currently insufficient in standard medical education. In fact, most medical devices used during flights are conventional devices with no ergonomic considerations made for vibration or low cabin pressure. In particular, problems relating to human-machine interfaces, power supplies, electromagnetic compatibility, and the ergonomic and technical compatibilities of electronic medical equipment used during the flights must be improved. Improvements are also needed in relation to safety during emergency flights such as those made at night or in bad weather, crew training, and air traffic control systems during large-scale disasters. Interdisciplinary collaboration is required to further investigate and resolve these problems.
Adaptive Team Behaviors for Coping with Unexpected and Unknown Situations - An Observational Study
Authors: Kleindienst Cornelia , Brüngger Jonas , Koch Julia , Ritz Frank
Published: February 2022

Industries with high risk-potential like nuclear power plants need to manage abnormal potentially critical situations on team level for assuring reliable and safe operating. Safety is looked at as a "dynamic non-event" (Weick & Sutcliffe, 2001) and therefore has to be continually built on by the operating team through adaptive actions in relation to the situational context. The team processes and behaviors used for achieving shared mental models (or common situation awareness) are especially interesting for good problem solving, decision making and adaptation. In our study we collected data from eight four- to seven-person control room teams working in a nuclear power plant in Switzerland during their annual training in the interactive simulator of the plant control room. Simulations of two different scenarios were videotaped. The simulator scenarios generate an unexpected unstandardized situation (situations that were not covered / could not be solved solely by standard operation procedure) the team has to solve in order to stabilize the plant. Additionally, we got individual data by a questionnaire to capture individual characteristics of the team, especially regarding professional experience. The results still have to be considered as explorative in nature, due to the small sample size and time consuming coding of further additional team behaviors.
Relative age effect in physical and psychological development in young Japanese children and associated problems for kindergarten teachers
Authors: Kawata Yujiro , Akari Kamimura Shino Izutsu d b , Yamada Kai
Published: February 2022

In school classroom, a child born soon after the selection period’s cut-off date (early born children) may benefit by up to a full year in physical and psychological development compared with a child born just before the cut-off date (late born children). This phenomenon is called the “relative age effect” (RAE). RAE is defined as the consequence of age differences between individuals within the same cohort, either in school or on sports teams (Musch & Grondin, 2001). This study examines the effect size of RAE in physical and psychological development and discusses educational problems faced by kindergarten teachers due to this RAE. Data were collected from 100 five-year-old Japanese children (60 male, 40 female) and their kindergarten teachers. Significant main effects of birth month category on physical development and on psychological development were found (early born children were more developed than late born children). The effect size of RAE in physical development was greater than that in psychological development. We concluded that the RAE existed in physical and psychological development among young children. Further, RAE appeared greatly on physical than on psychological development. Thus, we propose that kindergarten teachers could benefit from an awareness of the RAE.
Descriptive Evidence of the Work-Family Compensation among Japanese Midwives: Using the Multiple Role Map Program
Authors: Yamada Yasuyuki , Kinooka Yukari , Ebara Takeshi , Mizuno Motoki
Published: February 2022

Working midwives actively perform various roles including midwife, manager, mother, marital partner and friend. From the “compensation” perspective, they try to cope with dissatisfaction caused in one role (e.g. midwife role) by obtaining satisfaction in other roles (e.g. mother role). Although the episodes about compensation were useful information for the practical career support, the previous studies didn’t show enough evidence. Hence, this study aimed to collect compensation episodes from Japanese working midwives and to show the descriptive evidence by using Multiple Role Map (MRM) program. The participants were female midwives working in a university hospital in Japan. We conducted the MRM program to all of the midwives working in the hospital and collected eighteen MRM sheets from them (recovery rate = 100%). According to the spreadsheet and descriptive episodes, major contents of compensable dissatisfactions were fatigue, frustration, pressure, distress and job stressors caused in the midwife and manager roles. Meanwhile, these dissatisfactions were compensated by satisfactions received in the friend, marital partner and mother roles and the private time. To obtain more practical findings for the career support, we will develop a statistical scoring method with the MRM data and conduct a validation study comparing the scores and external criterion for standardized health outcomes.
A Study of the Organizational Support for Building Resilience of the Fitness Club Employees
Authors: Shojia Naoto , Hochib Yasuyuki , Fujiia Hirotsugu , Moriguchia Hiromitsu
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to clarify the process of building resilience, to obtain the viewpoint of　organizational support for building resilience in fitness club. We stand on asserting that was required to build resilience for making best use of human resources from perspective of career management. Interview survey was carried out targeting 32 employees who belong to five major the fitness clubs, 28 (15males, 13females) valid samples were used for this study. KJ-method was adopted throughout analysis to lead the process and the support for building resilience. As a result, the process for building resilience was led. It was found that adversity played an important role in the process, the difference in recognition toward adversities separate the process for building resilience. Additionally, a wide various supports were provided in the process. Especially, following three were shown as significant matters to support building resilience on the process. 1) It was that to construct mistake systems for promoting to challenge adversity positively, 2) It was that to promote creating inter personal relationship of employees and key persons, 3) It was that to structure a frame for collecting and managing feedbacks from the clients.
Development of QOC Matrix- The Worker's Voice (part 1)
Authors: Eduardo Lozano-Ramos Erick , Roselia Contreras-Valenzuela Martha
Published: February 2022

The Faculty of chemical sciences and engineering form the Morelos University in México, has developed a tool called “QOC Matrix - the worker’s voice”. It is based on the logics of QOC (Questions, Options and Criterion), 6’s philosophy, ISO International Standers about Ergonomic guiding principles, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health – USA publications, among others. Quality concepts like the Voice of Customer VOC (activity to meet the customer’s requirements), are used to obtain “The worker’s voice”, that will be used in the decision-making process about the design or redesign their workstation. The results obtained from the matrix have the objective to define if the workstations meet standards about cleanliness, organization and safety. Also, identify, the waste of “Talent” (underestimating as the creativity and intelligence of the workforce). All these having as a goal: “to create formal means to add value to the voice of the worker to express quality of working life that they want and need”.
Possibilities and Challenges of Communication in Six Finnish Industrial and Planning Organizations
Authors: Filppa Henna
Published: February 2022

In this paper, I study work-related communication in six Finnish industrial and planning organizations. I analyzed the communication through a comparison of distant and face-to-face examples showing how distance negatively influences communication because the distant communicants don’t have same contextual information. Sharing of situational information can help mitigate the negative impact of distance. Face-to-face communication was seen as important in the case organizations, as it enables informal communication and builds trust and commitment. Nevertheless, face-to-face communication does not automatically produce documentation, and proper minute keeping and documentation were demonstrably important.
Measurement of Cognitive Workload by Use of Combined Methods Including Brain-Computer Interfaces
Authors: Firat Özkan N. , Kahya Emin
Published: February 2022

Cognitive load measurement is a challenging research area that many methods have been provided to get more accurate results. Limitations which are pointed by Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) make this area both special and difficult. Subjective, behavioral, and physiological methods all have some advantages and disadvantages. That’s why the use of combined methods has been increasing to make more accurate and better cognitive workload predictions. Technologies such as eye tracking systems, physiological and physical parameters monitoring systems are able to support the relevant researches in this area. On the other hand, there have been some developments which aim different benefits. One of them is Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) technology that works based on Electroencephalography (EEG), detect P300 component of Event Related Potentials and Steady State Evoked Potentials (SSVEP) and offer motor imagery applications. Therefore, they have potential benefits to support cognitive workload measurement methods. In this study, relationships between brain potentials and cognitive workload are researched. Further, opportunities to create new combined cognitive workload measurement methods including BCI, eye-tracking, physiological, and physical parameters are discussed.
Effects of Pen Holding Posture on Handwriting Motion
Authors: MURATA Atsuo , GOTOH Kousuke
Published: February 2022

Exploring the nature of skill is useful to understand the specific feature of handwriting or calligraphy. Although we learn the holding posture in handwriting at elementary school, and we notice that the holding posture must be one of the important factors to improve skills in handwriting or calligraphy, it has not been explored how the holding posture of pen or brush affects the handwriting efficiency or performance. In this study, we categorized the holding posture of a pen into three types according to the angle of the joints of the fingers; weak grip which is generally recognized correct as holding style and recommended at elementary school education in Japan, strong grip under which fingers are strongly bent, and others (types I and II). The motion of fingers, the writing pressure and the holding posture of a pen, and the gripping pressure during handwriting were measured to verify the rationality of the weak grip type which is in general recommended at elementary schools in Japan.
Enhancing the Vigilance of Car Drivers:a Review on Fatigue Caused by the Driving Task and Possible Countermeasures
Authors: van Veen Sigrid , Vink Peter , Franz Matthias , Wagner Peer-Oliver
Published: February 2022

Before fatigue caused by the driving task becomes a safety threat, it already has a negative effect on well-being. Therefore, it is desirable to intervene in an early stage of the fatiguing process to decrease the perceived load from a monotonous driving task and to create a more pleasurable driving experience. Enhancing driver vigilance could also create a competitive advantage for the car manufacturer. This paper reviews the existing body of knowledge concerning driver fatigue theories and countermeasures against driver fatigue. Current (automotive) features concerning fatigue are also evaluated. A fatigue countermeasure system should measure and/or predict fatigue, intervene with a stimulus and subsequently restore performance and alertness. A distinction can be made between physical and cognitive fatigue. Physical fatigue results mainly from static sitting issues. This type of fatigue can be countered with micro-movements and the stimulation of postural change. Cognitive fatigue can be further divided into task-related and sleep-related fatigue. Fatigue resulting from task overload can be countered with automation and assist systems. Fatigue from task underload can be countered with a variety of stimulation. Sleep-related fatigue is considered intervention resistant by some researchers, although it also seems to be possible to manipulate the circadian rhythm with blue light.
A New Generation of Tractor Seats
Authors: Bühlmeyer Katja , Theurer und Hubert Wittmann Johannes
Published: February 2022

Tractor drivers have an 8-fold higher risk of getting back pain compared to office workers. Reasons therefore are being a long time in awkward postures and being forced to whole-body vibrations. With that biomechanics knowledge and the help of input user studies a totally new tractor seat generation was developed. Hereby a unique seat feature was integrated which has never been on the market before. The goal of this experimental study was to investigate the healthy and comfort potential of the new feature.Objective as well as subjective measurements have been done to observe whether the new seat feature is better compared to the serial seat without that feature. Objective methods were EMG measurements and body posture detection. The objective measures were done in the laboratory with 3 test persons. A field test has been done with 10 professional drivers to get the subjective ratings of the comfort. The results showed a difference in the muscle activity. The new feature reduced the activity of up to 30%. Slightly differences in the posture could have been seen. Posture detection revealed strong interindividual differences. All test drivers gave a good subjective feedback regarding the comfort of the new feature. In summary this is the most promising feature in the area of tractor seats with respect to short-term and long-term comfort. Additionally the feature leads to a muscle activity reduction. This comes along with a reduced fatigue and might protect the driver’s spine in the long term against impairments.
Research on Motivation Management for Project Members
Authors: Takahashi* Yusuke , Yajima* Hiroshi , Dan** Takuya , Murata** Takashi
Published: February 2022

In recent years, the success rate of enterprise IT projects has been said to be about 30% to 40%. IT projects tend to change dynamically during the project period, and project managers (PMs) must maintain a high level of motivation among the project members during that period. However PMs currently identify the motivation levels of project members in a vague manner relying on experience and intuition. Therefore, it is difficult for PMs to obtain a clear picture of the motivation levels of the members. It is thus important to create or identify a mechanism by which project managers can understand the motivation levels of members, and in this paper we propose such a mechanism. In the proposed method, the motivation of project members is first classified into two categories. Next, we measure the motivation in a manner suited to the characteristics of each classification category. Then, we propose a method for visualizing the motivation of members. Finally, we verify the effectiveness of the proposed method through an experiment where the proposed method is applied to actual enterprise projects.
The Impact of Social Networks of SP1500 Companies Vision on Environmental Governance
Authors: Shahgholian Azar , Muscalu Razvan , Theodoulidis Babis
Published: February 2022

Recently we are witnessing an increasing consensus among corporate leaders that any decision model for a successful business should link to the climate change. On the other hand, existing research works indicate that social networking affects the way companies make decisions in relation to their performance. This paper explores the effects of social networking characteristics among companies and the characteristics of board of directors on environmental governance. Our paper looks at the extent by adopting data mining techniques that comprehensively discover the effects for a sample of SP1500 companies in year 2010. Our analysis shows that this relationship indeed exists. More specifically, we show that companies that are highly inter-connected tend to have formal structures for environmental governance, such as: pay as well as non-monetary incentives related to climate change, environment-responsible committees, voluntary climate change communications, and publishing of climate change reports. In addition, companies who are highly connected tend to have larger boards of directors comprising of more independent directors. The positive outcome of this evaluation clearly demonstrates the direct and indirect power of information flow provided by social network characteristics on environmental governance.
The System of Learning and Teaching Organized by the Polish Commission of the National Education (1773-94)
Authors: L. Ekiel-Jeżewska Maria
Published: February 2022

In a successfully developing system, goal, principles and processes are coupled with each other and with a continuous increase of knowledge. Analyzing these relations, Wilson, Barsky and Daviss (1996-2000) proposed universal criteria to assess progress of systemic changes. These criteria can be applied to develop\pment of a modern technology or science, as well as to education reforms. The goal of this work is to apply these criteria to analyze effectiveness of the system of learning and teaching created by the Polish Commission of the National Education (KEN). It has been shown (Ekiel-Jeżewska, 2012) how the overarching goal of education, economical and political development of Poland, was consistent with the KEN basic principles: common goals, freedom and autonomy, ownership of accumulated knowledge. We have demonstrated how KEN kept alive the six processes inherent to successful system reforms: knowledge accumulation, sustained professional development within a recognized hierarchy of practitioner's expertise and transmission of this expertise to others, design of complex entities, improvement of quality, diffusion of innovations, and redesign. In this way, we have provided an example how a similar assessment can be performed for modern educational initiatives, programs, systems and reforms, in contrast to common evaluation of individual teachers and students. Following the best Polish educational tradition, we have reminded that, nowadays, we need to rethink what does it mean to learn and teach productively, and what should be the overarching goal of education in the society of the XXI century.
Unpredictable Future: The Impossibility of Higher Education Policy
Authors: Rybkowski Radosław
Published: February 2022

Higher education policy, as a part of broader public policy, must be built on the foundations of government strategic planning. Modern understanding of the role of higher education emphasizes growing importance of well-educated graduates for the stability of national economies. In 2004 Poland joined European Union and tried to adjust higher education policy to the demands of knowledge-based economy of the UE. The examination of government strategic documents and regulations reflects the challenge defining and managing higher education policy. Polish ministry responsible for higher education still cannot define the strategic goals and thus the ministry questions the possibility of implementing a coherent policy.
Who Forms You Competent? Defining and Developing a Competency Framework for HE Lecturers
Authors: Baráth Tibor
Published: February 2022

There is quite a distance between the actionable knowledge, the actually developed skills and competences, and the formally defined aims of most kinds of training. This conflict inspired the business sector to formulate new approaches that promote a better development of working skills instead of merely having a certificate. All these led to the need of the reformulation of education, and, as a consequence of that, to redefine HE lecturers’ competences. The skill policy in the EU as well as the OECD skill strategy both provide a firm background to renewing the competence requirements in HE, targeting the improvement of teaching quality. The RDI project conducted by the author’s team focused on identifying the relevant competences of lecturers. This paper gives an insight to what kind of differences were identified among the views of students, lecturers and the representatives of the labour market regarding the content and the importance of HE lecturers’ competences. It also provides a method for how these competences were measured with the application of a professional HR model (RDA, Role Diagrammatic Approach). Finally, the paper provides an overview of the main conclusions drawn from the experiences of the development process as well as from a survey; also, it provides recommendations that were formed on the basis of the RDI project.
Creativity and Its Neural Correlates
Authors: Lewandowska Koryna
Published: February 2022

Creativity, understood in terms of the ability to generate original, adequate, potentially useful and feasible solutions for ill-defined and complex problems, is being considered as a very important aspect of human functioning. The growing belief that we are entering the „Conceptual Age”, in which creativity will be valued even more, leads to the question of how it can be enhance. Resulting from seeing this ability in an egalitarian way, many training programs were formed, but the knowledge about biological basis and neural mechanisms underlying creative process is fragmentary and rarely taken into consideration. Among scientists there is a consensus that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is mainly responsible for the creativity. The results of studies conducted using functional magnetic resonance technique (fMRI) also indicate differences derived from training and stimulation with e.g. ideas of others in the pattern of brain activity during performance of tasks requiring creative thinking. Thus, the knowledge from neuroscientific area seems to be useful for developing methods that have a potential to enhance the level of creativity.
The Analysis of Multiculturalism in the Context of Development of Academic Spin-Off Companies in the United States of America
Authors: Szopa Anna , Bandoła Justyna
Published: February 2022

It is wildly agreed upon in the literature on creativity that the diversity of the team is conducive to developing more creative ideas. The most breakthrough innovations are developed on the border between different worlds, areas or fields. This observation leads to the greater need of a cultural competence of the innovators, manifested in their ability to understand, communicate and cooperate with people from different ethnic and socio-economic background, as well as different life experience and educational history. The case of multiculturalism is especially important in American university spin-off companies. These types of companies are frequently an example of combining two levels of multiculturalism. Firstly, their employees might have diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds. Secondly, they operate within two worlds – of the academia and the industry. Those two worlds have different modes of operating, goals and organizational cultures, which leads to different mindsets of their representatives and results in communication difficulties. Spin-off companies as intermediaries in the knowledge and technology transfer process play a significant role in overcoming these problems.
Ethical Challenges of the Occupational Safety Technician
Authors: Coutinho Vanessa , Carlos Sebastião José , Filipe Rogério , Corticeiro Neves Miguel
Published: February 2022

Professional ethics is an emerging phenomenon, arising from the constant changes in society and from the consequent challenges imposed to the occupational safety technicians. The purpose of this investigation is to trace an overview of the knowledge of ethical principles applied to the professional practice of the Portuguese technicians, in order to establish the basic principles that should figure in an ethical code of conduct. The method applied addressed both the technicians, by applying a survey and several prominent individuals, by conducting interviews to retrieve relevant data regarding the evolution of the professional practice in Portugal. The results indicate several aspects of the professional conduct that need to be addressed in an ethical guideline. The Portuguese professionals seem to act substantially driven by technical principles, lacking more profound reflection oriented by ethical standards. The development of a Portuguese Ethical Code of Conduct for Occupational Safety Technicians based on the results gathered could reflect the idiosyncrasies of practice in the country, as well as address the most sensitive aspects reported by the professionals. Such code should stand as a high priority issue of both professional and scientific community, promoting the quality of practice and elevating the profession to its highest level.
Integrated System for Monitoring the Psychical and Physical Conditionsof Road Vehicle Drivers
Authors: Bortkiewicz Alicja , Gadzicka Elżbieta , Walczak Marta , Kosobudzki Marcin , Jóźwiak Zbigniew , Viebig Piotr , Szyjkowska Agata , Makowiec-Dabrowska Teresa , Kapitaniak Bronislaw , Siedlecka Jadwiga
Published: February 2022

From our previous research among bus drivers, in difficult, but not extreme situations, we observed an increase in blood pressure (up to 200mm Hg), cardiac arrhythmias, ischemia, etc. Such reactions may be dangerous to healthy people, but they are extremely risky for drivers with a history of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular incidents. Thus, certifying driving ability of such persons is a serious problem for the medical expert. In this case, tests in a driving simulator, where it is possible to arrange a variety of stressful situations and also to monitor the reaction of the cardiovascular system and brain electrical activity may be a great advantage. Therefore we developed a first-in-Poland integrated system for examination and training of road vehicle drivers, including model stand for simulating of driving vehicle under conditions of road traffic, and a set of methods of psychological and physiological tests to be applied for testing drivers. This simulator enables to assess physiological response to different traffic situations, to analyze the effects of work environment on psychical and physical abilities of drivers, to test the feasibility of the physiological methods for assessing the fatigue and drowsiness, to evaluate the effect of monotony and static loads on the development of driver's fatigue, to assess changes in psychomotor abilities of drivers resulting from exposure to harmful and noxious agents at workplace.
Studying Falls in Real Life Situations: Coupling Subjective Experience and Biomarkers in the Design of Innovative Methods
Authors: Parrya Ross , Aupetitb Samuel , Buttellic Olivier , Riffd Jacques , Laure Weltera Marie , Laloa Elodie
Published: February 2022

Complementary to the presentation discussing the use of an onboard system designed to monitor gait in real-life situations, we will show here how the analysis of data from both biosensors and the psychophenomenological evaluation of subjective experience may provide pertinent information about hazardous situations. We will present a methodology that has proven to be successful in demonstrating how behavior emerges during the context of motorcycle riding. Here, our attention will focus more specifically on gait phenomena, balance and falls in patients with Parkinson's disease. The method consists of documenting the whole process (instead of using isolated data) with consideration to details regarding the patient's perspective of the situation in question (self-report, self-awareness, subjective experience). We argue that confronting the data at different levels of activity (which are typically addressed independently of the other) assists to verify, interpret and objectify the observed phenomena.
A New E-learning System focusing on Emotional Aspects using Eye Tracking
Authors: Charoenpit Saromporn , Ohkura Michiko
Published: February 2022

For e learning, we must create effective interaction between e-learning content and learners. In particular, increasing learner motivation by stimulating their interest is crucial. Eye tracking devices measure eye positions and eye movement. To date, few e-learning systems have derived emotions from eye tracking data. In this study, we explore which eye tracking indexes are related to learner emotions. We designed and implemented a prototype and evaluated it experimentally.
Paradigm of Unity - a New Holistic Paradigm in Management Sciences. Ergonomic and Spiritual Aspect in Theory and Practice
Authors: Grochmal Stanisław
Published: February 2022

A paradigm of unity and its application in the management sciences is presented in the paper. This innovative approach has anthropological, economic, cultural, ergonomic, and spiritual aspect and concerns each human activity. These aspects are discussed in the paper. The novel character of the paper lies in the consideration of ergonomics and spirituality as constitutive elements of the management process. The paradigm of unity in economics and management sciences is expressed by the idea of the economy of communion which has been implemented for more than twenty years in 800 enterprises worldwide. The analysis of management processes in these businesses (also from the ergonomic and spiritual point of view) is presented in this paper. The results of research carried out in 110 businesses worldwide are presented. For six content dimensions of paradigm of unity the weight coefficients are evaluated on the basis of experts’ opinion and then the degree of implementation of these dimensions in practice is determined, based on questionnaires filled in by entrepreneurs. The conformity of the idea with practice is quantitatively calculated and is used as a numerical metric of the quality of management. This approach in management sciences is a new one. It is a modern, holistic and integrated vision of management.
Assigning Technology Resources to Innovation Projects in the Aspect of Games Theory – (Managerial Implications of G. Hardin’s “The Tragedy of the Commons”)
Authors: K. Bednarczyk Tomasz
Published: February 2022

Many of contemporary businesses depend on the projects and project management. Additionally, most of the companies understand the value of innovations and technological developments. Consequently, the topic of managing the technology projects gets special attention of managers. One of the most interesting areas in the technology projects’ management is resourcing (especially in the context of allocating technology human resources to the tasks).The intent of this article is to understand how to utilize limited resources in most efficient way or to reach maximum gain (payoff). In the article, some assumptions reflecting real life situations were taken into consideration. This should bring the benefit of “practical” implications, that contemporary managers may be interested in.
Facing Complexity in Online Marketing on Consumer Market
Authors: Wójcik Jacek , Doligalski Tymoteusz
Published: February 2022

The text focuses on the most important aspects of marketing complexity in the online consumer market, the knowledge of which is essential for the proper functioning of companies, consumer communities and markets. Marketing complexity is influenced by two opposite phenomena: The use of Internet-based communication translates into an increase of consumers' bargaining power in the relationships with companies, but at the same time there exist factors decreasing its influence, such as the possibility to monitor customers' behaviours through social media and far-reaching individualisation of communication, which contribute to increasing of the power of persuasion from the part of companies.
Work Engagement and Burnout - Consequences of Mismatch Between Individual and Work Environment
Authors: the Neural Perspective From
Published: February 2022

The aim of the paper is to explore neural correlates of burnout and its neurophysiological nature. At present, burnout syndrome is described mainly in psychological paradigm referring to self-report measures and neuropsychological, performance-based tests. There are only a few studies that characterize biomarkers of burnout and provide some evidence for its neural specification. These findings allow to formulate assumptions supporting the neural nature of burnout and indicate the importance of implementing objective neuroscience methods in this research area. Most of burnout studies that used objective measurements (e.g. fMRI, EEG) are related to cognitive capabilities and impairments. There is still insufficient research exploring emotional component of burnout. The aim of this paper is to investigate neuronal characteristics of both, cognitive and emotional responses in burnout syndrome. In the proposed research model, several components of brain activity are considered to be accurate indicators of these two essential consequences of mismatch between individual and work circumstances. The burnout syndrome still lacks well defined diagnostic criteria. Describing the objective indicators of the phenomena may influence further research in this area which in turn may be of great importance not only in description and explanation of the burnout syndrome, but also in diagnosis and prevention.
A Team Communication Evaluation Method for Assessing the Smoothness of Task Flow
Authors: Nonose Kohei , Kanno Taro , Furuta Kazuo
Published: February 2022

Effective communication is essential for positive teamwork across team tasks, and thus team communication analysis methods have received much attention; however, because of the great variety of team tasks, it is often impossible to apply analysis methods and findings about the relationships between team performance and communication in one team task to those of another task. It might therefore be necessary to develop analysis and assessment methods of team communication independent of team task characteristics. Our previous study developed an evaluation index of team communication named “Smoothness of Task Flow (STF),” which was expected to represent how well a lower task step smoothly shifts to the next higher one across different tasks; however, the index has certain problems and has been never applied to another task. The present study improves the evaluation index and validates the improved index by conducting team experiments in which the task requires more complicated communication than did the previous task. The results suggest that the improved index provides more accurate assessment of the smoothness of team communication than did the previous index. The characteristics of the improved index are also discussed using case studies.