bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assess the Serum Lipid Profile in Patient with Acute Ischemic Stroke at Tertiary Care Center in Nepal
Authors: Kumar Sah Binod , Kumar Yadav Birendra , Yadav Priya , Rokaya Rajesh , Subedi Aabishkar , Joshi Bibek , Karki Chanda
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Ischemic stroke takes place when the blood flow cessation endures for more than a few minutes leading to brain tissue infarction. After ischemic heart disease, ischemic stroke is the second most common cause of death worldwide and one of the top five diseases based on DALYs (disability-adjusted life years) in Nepal. Though dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease, it has an unclear role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. In a patient with a previous ischemic stroke, statins reduce the risk of ischemic stroke. So, this study analyses the plasma prevalence of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), High-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglyceride (TG) in patients with acute non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke and their association with different non-modifiable risk factors (age, gender & family history) and modifiable risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, obesity, smoking & alcohol intake).  Materials and Method: This is a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional hospital-based study carried out from December 5th, 2021 to December 4th, 2022 including 80 patients admitted to Chitwan Medical College, Chitwan, with a diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke. All the patients underwent a detailed history, physical examination, and baseline investigations including fasting lipid profile along with CT- scan/MRI head. The fasting lipid profile was done within the first 24 hours of hospitalization. Data was entered in MS Excel 2013 and converted it into SPSS 26 for statistical analysis.  Result: A total of 80 patients with the diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke were enrolled. Out of them, 37 (46.25%) were female and 43 (53.75%) were male. A total number of 71 (88.75%) patients were from more than or equal to 55 years of age group and 9 (11.25%) patients were from less than 55 years of age group. The mean age ± standard deviation of male and female patients was 66.69 ±9.14 years and 68.54 ±14.96 respectively. Overall, derangement in serum lipid profile (dyslipidemia) was present in 63.75% of the patients. Among the total cases, high TC is found in 18 patients (22.5%), TG in 24 patients (30%), high LDL is found in 16 patients (20%), and low HDL is found in 23 patients (28.75%).  Conclusion: The study highlights hypertriglyceridemia as the leading dyslipidemia in ischemic stroke patients, showing gender and age variations in prevalence. It confirms dyslipidemia's role in brain vascular changes, notably in the Middle Cerebral Artery, and its link to carotid artery stenosis severity. Despite common risk factors, their direct association with dyslipidemia remains statistically insignificant, stressing the need for focused lipid management to mitigate stroke risks.
Integrated ECOD-KNN Algorithm for Missing Values Imputation in Datasets: Outlier Removal
Authors: Jester Mugejo Tsitsi , Govere Weston
Published: August 2024

Missing data cause the incompleteness of data sets and can lead to poor performance of models which also can result in poor decisions, despite using the best handling methods. When there is a presence of outliers in the data, using KNN algorithm for missing values imputation produce less accurate results. Outliers are anomalies from the observations and removing outliers is one of the most important pre-processing step in all data analysis models. KNN algorithms are able to adapt to missing value imputation even though they are sensitive to outliers, which might end up affecting the quality of the imputation results. KNN is mainly used among other machine learning algorithms because it is simple to implement and have a relatively high accuracy. In the literature, various studies have explored the application of KNN in different domains, however failing to address the issue of how sensitive it is to outliers. In the proposed model, outliers are identified using a combination of the Empirical- Cumulative-distribution-based Outlier Detection (ECOD), Local Outlier Factor (LOF) and isolation forest (IForest). The outliers are substituted using the median of the non- outlier data and the imputation of missing values is done using the k-nearest neighbors algorithm. For the evaluation of the model, different metrics were used such as the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), (MSE), R2 squared (R2 ) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). It clearly indicated that dealing with outliers first before imputing missing values produces better imputation results than just using the traditional KNN technique which is sensitive to outliers.
Factor Affecting to Purchasing Behavior of Agricultural Chemical of Farmers in Chanthaburi Province
Authors: Lei Qian , Chunthanom Thanrada
Published: August 2024

The objectives of this research: 1) to study the demographic factors affecting agricultural chemical purchasing decisions of farmers in Chanthaburi province; and 2) to study the marketing mix (4P's) affects farmers' purchasing decisions for agricultural chemicals in Chanthaburi province. This research is quantitative research. The population was farmers who purchased agricultural which the exact number is unknown. A sample of 246 people was used by specific random sampling. By using questionnaires as a tool to collect data statistics used in the analysis These are frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. and the statistics used in the test multiple Linear regression analysis. Major Findings: 1) most of the respondents were male, aged between 31 and 40 years, education below a bachelor's degree with a small agricultural area; and 2) The factors that had an effect on agricultural chemicals purchasing decision of farmers consisted of marketing promotion, price, and product aspect, consecutively at the statistical significance level of 0.05.
Adverse Medication Response Recorded in a Referral Health Facility: An Observational Study
Authors: G. Vekhande Mrunal , Sawant Sushant , Dass Deepanjana , Mandavi Savitri , Khandelwal Prakash
Published: August 2024

Introduction: The incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) has significant implications for patient safety and public health. In 1937, the introduction of sulphanilamide for streptococcal infections marked a pivotal moment in drug safety. Present study assessed the pattern, causality and severity of the ADRs reported from a tertiary referral centre.  Materials and Methods: Study conducted at the Mahatma Gandhi Mission Medical College and Hospital Kamothe Navi Mumbai recorded the pattern of ADRs between January 2021 and December 2022. The data was collected from the ADR Monitoring Center using the suspected ADR reporting form, version 1.4 of IPC, Ghaziabad, India. The suspected ADR forms were assessed to understand the pattern of ADRs regarding the completeness score of the ADR form.  Findings and Discussion: A total of 111 ADRs were recorded, with 43.24% of cases falling within the age range of 21 to 40. Antimicrobial medications were the main culprits behind the majority of ADRs reported by the departments of dermatology and general medicine. Rashes, edema, and urticaria are among the skin-related symptoms among the most frequently reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs). 72.9% of instances were classified as mild, according to severity assessment, whereas 57.65% of ADRs were found to be likely.  Conclusions: Because ADRs represent a serious threat to public health, our study highlights the significance of pharmacovigilance in tracking and preventing them. Databases on a national and international level are enhanced by systematic, regular reporting and monitoring of ADRs. In order to raise awareness of ADRs among patients and healthcare professionals, spontaneous reporting is still essential.
Pushing water uphill: containment policies doomed to fail
Authors: Cheshire Paul
Published: August 2024

London has had a green belt for seventy years making it the ‘canary in the coal mine’ for ‘zero land take’. Because of strong demand for housing space, rising prosperity underlies rising urban land demand so rigid physical limits increase real prices over time. Agglomeration economies ensure economic growth is disproportionately focused on our biggest cites. Thus policies limiting land supply cause ever increasing problems of housing unaffordability, inequity and foregone prosperity, eventually overwhelming rigid growth boundaries. If reducing urban land take is the aim, other instruments are needed, but current justifications for zero land take need re-examination.
A Detailed Survey of the Parallel Mean Free Path of Solar Energetic Particle Protons and Electrons
Authors: Lang J. T. , Strauss R. D. , Engelbrecht N. E. , van den Berg J. P. , Dresing N. , Ruffolo D. , Bandyopadhyay R.
Published: August 2024

In this work, more than a dozen solar energetic particle (SEP) events are identified where the source region is magnetically well connected to at least one spacecraft at 1 au. The observed intensity–time profiles, for all available proton and electron energy channels, are compared to results computed using a numerical one-dimensional SEP transport model in order to derive the parallel mean free paths (pMFPs) as a function of energy (or rigidity) at 1 au. These inversion results are then compared to theoretical estimates of the pMFP, using observed turbulence quantities with observationally motivated variations as input. For protons, a very good comparison between inversion and theoretical results is obtained. It is shown that the observed inter-event variations in the inversion pMFP values can be explained by natural variations in the background turbulence values. For electrons, there is relatively good agreement with pMFPs derived assuming the damping model of dynamical turbulence, although the theoretical values are extremely sensitive to the details of the turbulence dissipation range, which themselves display a high level of variation.
Threats to Satellite Systems in the Earth Orbit
Authors: Kovarik Vladimir
Published: August 2024

A large number of satellites operate in Earth's orbit. These are satellites for Earth observation, navigation, meteorology and climate, communication, and many others. They perform tasks and provide services without which today's world would not function. All these satellites are highly vulnerable. There are different kinds of threats. It is primarily space debris and various natural threats such as near-Earth objects and space weather. There are also intentional, man-made threats. These are divided into kinetic, non-kinetic, electronic and cybernetic. The article discusses the development of knowledge of individual types of threats and discusses possible ways to recognize these threats and how to protect vital satellites from them.
Experimental and Numerical Validation of an Armor Plate Test Stand
Authors: Kosiuczenko K. , Simiński P. , Gmitrzuk M. , Nowakowski Marek
Published: August 2024

Nowadays military vehicles play an integral role in the transportation and protection of personnel and equipment ensuring safe and effective operations. The spectrum of threats ranges from high-velocity projectiles to the dangers posed by improvised explosive devices (IEDs). To evaluate the properties of individual materials, a stand for assessing the performance of vehicle armor plates under diverse condition was developed at the Military Institute of Armored and Automotive Technology (WITPIS). The test platform was designed to carry out multi-variant tests involving blast loading scenarios that impact the combat vehicle's chassis. The prepared testing procedure was proven through a series of tests using the Armox 500 plate. The achieved parameters were validated using a numerical model to confirm the acquired measurements.
Comparison of Penetration Capability of Several Contemporary 5.56×45 mm Projectiles into Hard Targets
Authors: Catovic Alan
Published: August 2024

The analysis was performed on six commonly used 5.56 × 45 mm projectile types (M193, M855, M855A1, L31A1, M995, and AP45). The projectile’s impact velocity (chosen as 900 m/s) was the same in the examination process. This made it possible to assess how the projectile’s design has affected its performance against a hard steel target. These evaluations included numerical simulations (Ansys Autodyn) of projectile impacts. Using the available experimental data, the materials in the computational model were first validated. A short description and CAD model of projectiles is also given. Relevant conclusions were reported.
Immunopathogenesis of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria Lung Disease
Authors: Lyu Jiwon
Published: August 2024

In recent years, the incidence and prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria lung disease (NTM-LD) has been increasing worldwide. In Korea, Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and Mycobacterium abscessus complex account for most common cause of NTM-LD. It is essential to elucidate the pathophysiology of NTM-LD. The pathophysiology of NTM-LD has not been fully understood, however, it can be divided into bacterial and host-side factor. Among the host factor, innate immunity plays an essential role in the initial host immune response against intracellular non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), and adaptive immunity also has a role. However, the role of these immunity in mycobacterial disease has been mainly studied in tuberculosis, but studies on its role in NTM are limited. In this review, I focus on NTM innate and adaptive immunity, the role of macrophages and neutrophils, and host interaction in NTM infection.
Role of Hospital Medicine in Perioperative Patients: Surgery 101
Authors: Lee Han Sung , Moon Sung Woo
Published: August 2024

Due to their increasing role, many hospitalists will in the future encounter perioperative patients, either through surgical co-management or when an admitted patient requires surgery. If given the responsibility, hospitalists should focus not only on assessing and addressing daily acute issues related to medical comorbidities, but also possess basic knowledge of the typical physiological responses after surgery, prediction, evaluation, and management of perioperative bleeding, and identification of postoperative complications. Understanding these topics may help mitigate complications and improve the management of perioperative patients.
L’expatriation : un tremplin pour la carrière ? Les apports de la théorie des scripts de carrière pour comprendre l’ambivalence des effets de l’expatriation sur la carrière
Authors: Vignal Jérémy
Published: August 2024

Les recherches montrent que l’impact d’une expatriation sur la progression de carrière n’est pas univoque : positif pour certains, neutre voire négatif pour d’autres. Notre article propose de comprendre les raisons de cette ambivalence en adoptant une perspective interactionniste de la carrière. L’adoption d’une telle perspective permet d’inscrire pleinement notre article dans le nouvel agenda des chercheurs du champ de la carrière qui appellent de leur vœu à étudier les carrières dans leur complexité c’est-à-dire comme étant le résultat d’un jeu récursif entre l’institution et l’individu. En mobilisant la théorie des scripts de carrière de Barley (1989), notre article analyse l’influence conjointe de l’organisation et de l’expatrié dans la construction de ce moment particulier de la carrière qu’est le retour d’expatriation. Pour cela, nous avons réalisé des entretiens au niveau organisationnel (23 entretiens de responsables en charge de la mobilité internationale dans 10 entreprises multinationales) et au niveau individuel (43 entretiens d’anciens expatriés dans 8 entreprises). Nos résultats permettent d’identifier quatre scripts organisationnels de carrière des expatriés : le script du Dirigeant, du Haut-Potentiel, du Missionnaire et de l’Aventurier. Notre article montre que l’impact d’une expatriation sur la progression de carrière dépend du script dans lequel l’expatrié a été inscrit par son organisation mais aussi de son activisme de carrière lui-même influencé par différentes caractéristiques de son script. Notre article offre ainsi des contributions théoriques pour la compréhension de l’impact de l’expatriation sur la carrière et de la relation entre les scripts de carrière et l’action individuelle.
Quand tout est à (re)construire : la dynamique des ressources de carrière en contexte préjudiciable
Authors: Zannad Hédia , Baïada-Hirèche Loréa
Published: August 2024

En s’appuyant sur la perspective théorique des ressources de carrière, l’objectif de cette recherche est de comprendre comment des individus évoluant dans un contexte préjudiciable à leur carrière rencontrent tout de même du succès. Notre recherche s’appuie sur l’étude de deux populations ayant en commun d’évoluer dans un contexte a priori défavorable : les réfugiés exilés en France qui perdent leur capital social antérieur et les salariés faiblement qualifiés du groupe Orange. Elle montre de quelle manière et avec quelles ressources certains individus appartenant à ces deux populations poursuivent une trajectoire très ascendante malgré des capitaux sociologiques manquants.
Les stratégies d’influence médiatique de la Chine dans le Pacifique Sud
Authors: Charon Paul
Published: August 2024

La Chine développe des stratégies d’influence médiatique dans le Pacifique Sud en utilisant une palette très large d’outils comme la formation de journalistes, le financement des médias, des voyages culturels, etc. L’objectif est d’imposer un modèle chinois censé être supérieur et plus efficace. Toutefois, et jusqu’à présent, les opinions publiques océaniennes préfèrent les médias australiens, plus fiables.
Les États-Unis de Joe Biden et le reset manqué de la primauté en Océanie
Authors: Quessard Maud
Published: August 2024

Les États-Unis, malgré le reset vers l’Asie, ont longtemps négligé l’Océanie et le Pacifique Sud. La Chine en a profité pour chercher des relais régionaux. Washington s’efforce de rattraper son retard avec de nombreuses initiatives militaires et diplomatiques, mais les États insulaires souhaitent conserver leurs liens économiques avec Pékin. La question sera à nouveau débattue à l’occasion des élections américaines de novembre.
Les communautés chinoises dans les îles du Pacifique Sud : un atout pour la RPC ?
Authors: Pina-Guerassimoff Carine
Published: August 2024

De nombreuses communautés chinoises existent dans les îles du Pacifique Sud, avec des activités très variées dont le commerce et les services. Pékin s’efforce de préserver les liens avec des politiques dédiées dans les domaines économique, politique et sécuritaire. Certaines initiatives chinoises sont cependant mal perçues par les États insulaires, en raison d’un entrisme de Pékin parfois trop visible.
Les États-Unis en Micronésie : un renforcement militaire mais une perte d’influence
Authors: Maclellan Nic
Published: August 2024

Les territoires de la Micronésie ont des liens spécifiques avec les États-Unis qui y ont de nombreuses implantations militaires dont la base de Guam. Ces relations sont cependant tendues par des raisons endogènes liées au Congrès américain et exogènes dues à la compétition stratégique entre Washington et Pékin.
Les territoires étrangers de l’Océanie
Authors: Guyot
Published: August 2024

Des cinq parties du monde, l’Océanie est celle dont on parlait le moins en 1969 bien qu’elle ait eu son heure de célébrité au cours de la dernière guerre. Si l’Océanie paraît rester en dehors des troubles qui agitent toujours l’Asie et l’Afrique, de nouvelles forces d’attraction d’ordre politique ou économique se manifestent, des foyers de trouble potentiel existent, des modifications de structure se profilent.
Pacifique Sud 1974 : évolution interne et rôle des puissances extérieures
Authors: Gilles René
Published: August 2024

L’auteur, un spécialiste des questions du Pacifique – cet océan dont l’importance stratégique et économique ne cesse de croître –, développe deux thèmes : celui de l’émancipation des archipels et celui de l’action des puissances extérieures ou riveraines. Il évoque aussi le problème de la coopération régionale qui s’exerce via deux organisations : la Commission du Pacifique Sud et le Forum du Pacifique Sud en vue de dégager des perspectives pour le futur à cette époque.
Histoire militaire
Authors: Franc Claude
Published: August 2024

À l’issue de la guerre d’Algérie, l’Armée de terre se restructure et se concentre autour de l’organisation 67 des grandes unités, avec un centre de gravité réparti entre le Quart Nord-Est et les Forces françaises en Allemagne. Le principe divisionnaire inclut alors l’échelon de la brigade et s’est vite révélé trop lourd à manœuvrer, amenant aux réformes du général Lagarde.
Grands débats dans un petit monde ? bis repetita
Authors: Bigo Didier
Published: August 2024

Beaucoup de commentateurs depuis le début de la guerre en Ukraine insistent sur le fait que nous devons changer de paradigme pour analyser la guerre en cours. Ce serait la fin de la mondialisation, la fin du contre- terrorisme, le retour aux « vraies » guerres internationales. La géopolitique classique reprendrait ses droits. Si ces grands débats agitent le petit monde des plateaux télévisés, ils ne proposent guère d’alternatives et répètent ad nauseam les mêmes arguments. Nous analysons pourquoi ce retour de la géopolitique et la focalisation sur l’Otan et les ventes d’armes comme « solution » se met en place et proposons un cadre conceptuel alternatif à partir d’une réflexion de sociologie politique internationale fondée sur une réflexion polémologique qui vise à comprendre les cadres de guerre, et s’inspire des travaux de René Girard, Pierre Bourdieu et Judith Butler pour proposer des perspectives transversales redonnant aux victimes et aux tierces parties leur place dans les compétitions autour de l’assignation du sens de cette guerre.
Le genre entre guerre et paix : vieux objets, nouvelles perspectives ?
Authors: Boutron Camille
Published: August 2024

Cet article a pour objectif d’interroger les apports de la problématique du genre pour les études de paix, cela en évoquant plusieurs points : l’importance croissante donnée au genre dans les politiques internationales de paix et sécurité en premier lieu, les liens historiques entre féminismes et pacifisme, les différents concepts amenés par les études de genre, la façon dont la perspective de genre a été prise en compte dans le champ des études de paix et finalement des opportunités d’une telle perspective pour repenser la guerre et la paix.
L’Asie centrale ou la reconfiguration d’un monde post-poutinien
Authors: Lincot Emmanuel
Published: August 2024

L’Asie centrale, nouveau centre du monde ? La Chine y a redécouvert, à la faveur des indépendances, une profondeur stratégique. Elle lui donne à la fois accès à l’Union européenne et au Moyen-Orient. Empêtrée dans la guerre menée contre l’Ukraine, la marginalisation de Moscou profite au renforcement des positions et des partenariats établis par Pékin dans cette partie du monde. La Chine renoue ainsi à travers le narratif des Nouvelles Routes de la Soie avec une histoire multiséculaire et des enjeux que lui disputent les grandes puissances régionales que sont la Turquie, l’Iran, l’Inde voire les pays du Golfe. Un très « Grand Jeu » en somme qui met aux prises des cultures politiques dont les référents s’inspirent souvent de matrices et de mythologies communes. Soviétisme pour les uns, panturquisme pour les autres, sans oublier le rejet viscéral de ces hommes de l’ombre, djihadistes ouïghours notamment, qui rejettent en bloc l’autorité de la Chine. Perçue comme un État colonial par les opinions, le rêve de pacification des régions du grand Ouest, du Xinjiang et de l’étranger proche, coïncide pour la Chine et son dirigeant Xi Jinping avec un projet normatif de grande ampleur, synonyme d’opportunités marchandes et de glacis stratégique. Gageure ou réalité probable ? Cet article tente d’apporter des réponses à cette question.
La culture de la paix et de la non-violence, une alternative politique ?
Authors: Godinot Étienne , Porteilla Raphaël
Published: August 2024

Si pour certains la non-violence n’est pas une perspective, voire serait contraire aux valeurs de la République, pour d’autres elle est un mode opératoire efficace contre les régimes autoritaires, et même une philosophie de vie. Cet article se propose d’ouvrir sur quelques éclairages relatifs au concept de violence, pour tenter ensuite de clarifier les principaux concepts adjacents et, enfin, finir sur les potentialités politiques de la culture de la paix et de la non-violence.
Guerre en Ukraine et non-violence
Authors: Marchand François
Published: August 2024

L’auteur confronte à la réalité actuelle de la guerre en Ukraine les trois principales méthodes non-violentes : la résistance civile non-violente, effectivement pratiquée dès mars 2022, mais peu considérée voire invisibilisée ; l’intervention civile de paix mise en place progressivement et opérationnelle depuis le début 2023 avec un potentiel important ; et enfin la défense civile non-violente dont la faisabilité est encore lointaine. L’auteur en tire quelques enseignements pour le futur et un plaidoyer pour relancer les recherches sur la défense non-violente.
Sur l’opposition et les liens entre non-violence et pacifisme
Authors: Devillard Jérôme
Published: August 2024

La non-violence et le pacifisme sont deux doctrines au champ moral proche. Cependant, ces deux pensées, malgré une apparente concorde, peuvent également s’opposer. Qu’est-ce qui les rapproche et, a contrario , qu’est-ce qui les éloigne ? Dans un premier temps, une analyse succincte, des convergences et divergences de la non-violence et du pacifisme permet d’aboutir à des considérations sur les liens entre ces deux doctrines. De ces dernières, il est tenté au cours d’une discussion de poser une hypothèse sur les raisons de la proximité ou de l’éloignement de ces deux grands courants de pensée afin de mieux comprendre leurs relations parfois ambiguës.
L’Europe face aux défis de la santé
Authors: Berrod Frédérique
Published: August 2024

La santé a longtemps constitué l’un des angles morts d’une Union européenne ne possédant que des compétences d’appui dans le domaine. Dans son article, l’auteur démontre comment la pandémie de la Covid-19 couplée avec la dépendance critique de l’Europe en médicaments et principes actifs a profondément renforcé l’action de l’UE en la matière et a conduit au développement de nouveaux outils de coopération, de coordination et de financement de la santé à l’échelle continentale.
L’Iran dans le nouveau Moyen-Orient
Authors: Nencini Théo
Published: August 2024

À l’encontre d’une lecture simpliste et polarisante du rôle de l’Iran au Moyen-Orient, cette contribution offre une lecture précise, dépassionnée et historique de la stratégie géopolitique du pays, à l’échelle mondiale et régionale. Elle souligne que l’objectif premier du régime ‒ sans tomber dans une définition trop unifiante de ce dernier ‒ réside d’abord dans la conservation du pouvoir face aux complexités stratégiques et aux contestations internes. Sa réaction au 7 octobre doit se comprendre sous ce prisme.
Bayesian extreme value modelling of annual maximum monthly rainfall in Somalia from 1901 to 2022
Authors: Mohamed Jama , Ali Dahir Abdi , Warsame Abdimalik Ali , Abdi Mukhtar Jibril , Daud Eid Ibrahim , Abdilleh Mohamed Mohamoud
Published: August 2024

In the era of climate change-induced extreme rainfall events, the world faces unprecedented natural hazards, notably flooding. These events pose multifaceted risks to life, agriculture, infrastructure, and the well-being of society. Understanding and predicting extreme rainfall events are critical for achieving sustainable development and building resilient communities. This study employed advanced statistical techniques, specifically the generalized extreme value distribution (GEVD) and generalized Pareto distribution (GPD), using a Bayesian approach, to model and forecast annual maximum monthly rainfall in Somalia. Utilizing data spanning from 1901 to 2022, the rainfall extremes were fitted to both GEVD and GPD models using Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulations. Due to the lack of specific prior information, non-informative and independent priors were used to estimate posterior densities, ensuring objectivity and data-driven results, and minimizing subjective bias. Model comparisons were conducted using the deviance information criterion (DIC), prediction errors, and k-fold cross-validation. Findings reveal the robustness of the GEVD model in forecasting and predicting rainfall extremes in Somalia. Diagnostic plots confirmed the goodness of fit of the chosen model. Remarkably, the Bayesian GEVD return level estimation suggested that extreme rainfall could exceed 106 mm, 163 mm, and 195 mm for return periods of 10, 50, and 100 years, respectively. These precise return level estimates may benefit urban planners, civil engineers, and policymakers. Armed with this knowledge, they can design resilient infrastructure and buildings capable of withstanding the most extreme climatic conditions. Therefore, this study provides critical information for fostering sustainable development and resilience against climate-induced challenges in Somalia and beyond. Accurate estimation of extreme rainfall return levels enables effective mitigation of flooding risks and supports climate-resilient urban planning, civil engineering, and policymaking. These findings also inform strategies to optimize drainage systems, fortify infrastructure, and develop adaptive policies, thereby safeguarding lives, livelihoods, and infrastructure amidst escalating climate uncertainties.
Estimate the Region of Interest, Movement and Magnitude of Ciliary Beat with Dense Optical Flow
Authors: Muhammad Daffa Khairi  , Purnama Bedy , Kosuke Imamura , Abo Miki
Published: August 2024

In this study, we analyze mucociliary transport (MCT) by measuring the magnitude and identifying regions of ciliary beats using high-frame-rate microscopic videos. Our methodology, integrating dense optical flow (DOF), connected component labeling (CCL), Butterworth filter, and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), captures ciliary movement and magnitude. We focus on region extraction, quantification of ciliary activity, and classification of power and recovery strokes in ciliary beat frequency (CBF), which are crucial for evaluating MCT efficiency. Our approach was able to extract the ciliary region semi-automatically, obtain the CBF, and visualize the ciliary movement in each frame. Despite dataset challenges and limited ground truth, our approach shows a promising result for ciliary dynamics research and medical diagnostics. We hope for future open-source datasets with ground-truth ciliary beat patterns to enable developing and evaluating automated ciliary analysis techniques, leading to improved assessment.
Development of a Deep Learning Model for the Prediction of Ventilator Weaning
Authors: González Hernando , Carlos Julio Arizmendi  , Beatriz F. Giraldo
Published: August 2024

The issue of failed weaning is a critical concern in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. This scenario occurs when a patient experiences difficulty maintaining spontaneous breathing and ensuring a patent airway within the first 48 hours after the withdrawal of mechanical ventilation. Approximately 20% of ICU patients experience this phenomenon, which has severe repercussions on their health. It also has a substantial impact on clinical evolution and mortality, which can increase by 25% to 50%. To address this issue, we propose a medical support system that uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) to assess a patient’s suitability for disconnection from a mechanical ventilator after a spontaneous breathing test (SBT). During SBT, respiratory flow and electrocardiographic activity were recorded and after processed using time-frequency analysis (TFA) techniques. Two CNN architectures were evaluated in this study: one based on ResNet50, with parameters tuned using a Bayesian optimization algorithm, and another CNN designed from scratch, with its structure also adapted using a Bayesian optimization algorithm. The WEANDB database was used to train and evaluate both models. The results showed remarkable performance, with an average accuracy 98 ± 1.8% when using CNN from scratch. This model has significant implications for the ICU because it provides a reliable tool to enhance patient care by assisting clinicians in making timely and accurate decisions regarding weaning. This can potentially reduce the adverse outcomes associated with failed weaning events.
Social Robots, Mindfulness, and Kindergarten
Authors: Anagnostopoulou Panagiota , Drigas Athanasios
Published: August 2024

The following review examines the use of social robots in mindfulness practices, with a focus on their application in preschool settings. Additionally, it explores the key attributes of social robots that could enhance their effectiveness in achieving targeted outcomes. This study is the initial phase of a project that aims to investigate the advantages of technology and mindfulness in kindergarten. The selection of this age group is based on its significance in the comprehensive development of children, despite the lack of extensive study on mindfulness in this specific context. The objective of this paper is to present existing research on social robots and mindfulness, assess the potential benefits and challenges of integrating these two fields in kindergarten, and, most importantly, inspire future studies on the use of robots and mindfulness in early childhood education. A bibliographic review of articles was conducted. The findings of our study suggest that the use of robots and human-robot interactions can enhance self-development, well-being, and mindfulness. Robots have the capacity to capture attention and motivate young children, specifically. Both humanoid and non-humanoid robots seem suitable for facilitating mental well-being exercises. However, a well-designed social robot for children should incorporate both human-like and mechanical features. Our primary aim is to encourage further study on the integration of robots and mindfulness in preschool education, as there is still a vast unexplored territory in this rapidly advancing field.
XAI-PhD: Fortifying Trust of Phishing URL Detection Empowered by Shapley Additive Explanations
Authors: Al-Fayoumi Mustafa , Alhijawi Bushra , Abu Al-Haija Qasem , Armoush Rakan
Published: August 2024

The rapid growth of the Internet has led to an increased demand for online services. However, this surge in online activity has also brought about a new threat: phishing attacks. Phishing is a type of cyberattack that utilizes social engineering techniques and technological manipulations to steal crucial information from unsuspecting individuals. Consequently, there is a rising necessity to create dependable phishing URL detection models that can effectively identify phishing URLs with enhanced accuracy and reduced prediction overhead. This study introduces XAI-PhD, an innovative phishing detection method that utilizes machine learning (ML) and Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) capabilities. Specifically, XAI-PhD utilizes SHAP to thoroughly analyze the significance of each feature in influencing the decision-making process of the classifier. By selectively incorporating input characteristics based on their SHAP values, only the most crucial attributes are assessed, enabling the development of a highly adaptable and generalized model. XAI-PhD utilizes a lightweight gradient boosting machine as its classifier, and a series of rigorous tests are conducted to assess its performance compared to established baseline methods. The empirical findings unequivocally demonstrate the exceptional effectiveness of XAI-PhD, as evidenced by its remarkable accuracy and F1-score of 99.8% and 99%, respectively. Moreover, XAI-PhD exhibits high computational efficiency, requiring only 1.47 milliseconds and 18.5 microseconds per record to generate accurate predictions.
Applications and Advancements in Energy Storage for Smart Grids
Authors: Chauhan Siddharthsingh K. , Chauhan Vineeta Siddharthsingh
Published: August 2024

Energy storage systems integration is crucial for improving the functionality and effectiveness of smart grids. This research investigates the recent advancements in energy storage technologies to address the challenges associated with renewable energy integration and grid reliability. Advancements in battery technologies are analyzed in terms of their performance, cost-effectiveness, and environmental impact. The research assesses the integration of machine learning algorithms for predictive analytics and real-time decision-making in optimizing energy storage operations within smart grids. The research examines the role of demand-side management in coordinating energy storage assets for grid support. Through case studies, the proposed framework's effectiveness is evaluated in various smart grid scenarios, showcasing its ability to enhance grid reliability. This research contributes valuable insights to the ongoing evolution of smart grid technologies, aiding policymakers, utilities, and researchers in navigating the complexities of modern energy systems.
Hybrid PV Wind System
Authors: Achwak Alazrag
Published: August 2024

This chapter introduces an approach for modeling and controlling a hybrid grid-connected system. The study focuses on efficiently utilizing two distinct renewable energy sources in a manner. The hybrid energy system comprises two renewable sources: a photovoltaic generator and a wind generator. The objective is to maximize the power output of both systems to ensure a return on the investment in the system. The photovoltaic generator is paired with a DC/DC boost converter, controlled by an fuzzy logic tracker. The wind system utilizes a squirrel cage induction generator directly linked to the turbine and connected to an AC/DC converter. To regulate the DC bus voltage. The connection between the two systems is established through the DC bus. The simulation results underscore the feasibility of the proposed solution and the effectiveness of the control strategy, especially when applied to medium-sized hybrid energy systems for power generation. These outcomes highlight the advantages of this system topology.
Modeling and Control of a Grid-Connected PMSG Wind Turbine
Authors: Torki Wafa , Sbita Lassaad , Barbot Jean-Pierre
Published: August 2024

This chapter presents a grid connected wind energy conversion system based on a permanent magnet synchronous generator. A direct drive topology where the generator is directly coupled to the turbine shaft without using a gearbox is chosen. Modeling of the operating mechanism components is studied. The proposed control strategy is left on three main axes: the maximization of the power extracted from the wind, the control of the converter on the generator side, and the control of the converter on the grid side. Using Matlab/Simulink environment, the extracted simulation results consolidate the reliability of the developed model and the good performance of the proposed control strategy.
Machine Learning Methods and Techniques for Predicting Weld Defects
Authors: Ben Khalifa Romdhane , Kaddida Sami Ibn , Abdallah Idia BelHaj
Published: August 2024

Welding is a critical process in various industries, and ensuring the quality of welded joints is essential for maintaining structural integrity. However, most of the industrial failures have been weld related. Despite utmost care in design, selection of materials, and fabrication route, degradation of fabricated components can occur in service, leading to failures. In this issue, machine learning techniques can be applied to predict weld defects and improve the overall quality of welded joints. Specifically, this chapter reviews the use of signal detection equipment and machine learning algorithms for real-time monitoring of welding processes. After obtaining images of the welded joints and processing, statistical features of the images are extracted. Furthermore, this chapter discusses the applications of novel models based on learning and the automation methods that have been developed. Machine learning and automation advancements hold great promise for weld quality management.
Challenges and Barriers Faced by Women in Agriculture
Authors: Adamu Maryam Yahaya
Published: August 2024

Women play a very vital role in agricultural production across the globe; nevertheless, they are faced with numerous challenges which include limited access to land, credit/loan, technological education, among others. Research shows that only 10%-20% of land owners are women, and in some nations, women cannot have full legal ownership or control of the land. Addressing these challenges is essential for promoting gender equity in the agricultural sector, and it will give them ampule opportunity to fully contribute to agricultural development, food security, and sustainable agricultural production.
Study on Environmental and Social Impacts Through Electric Vehicles
Authors: Rajan T. Surulivel , Rex C. R. Edwin Selva , Shastri Dhiresh Someshrao , Naidu GBSR , Senthil Kumar C. , Boopathi S.
Published: August 2024

Transitioning to electric vehicles (EVs) can significantly reduce environmental and social impacts, improve air quality, and enhance social equity, with higher energy efficiency when integrated with renewable sources. Electric vehicles significantly improve urban air quality by reducing pollutants, reducing respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, and enhancing the quality of life in urban areas through quieter operation. Electric vehicles (EVs) are gaining popularity due to their social benefits, such as improved public health, economic opportunities, and potential to address social equity issues. The chapter explores the necessity of charging infrastructure, sustainable battery materials, and consumer adoption barriers for transitioning to a sustainable transportation system, suggesting potential solutions through policies and innovative technologies. The chapter highlights the transformative impact of electric vehicles on environmental sustainability and social equity, suggesting that leveraging their advantages can lead to a cleaner, healthier, and more equitable future.
Forensic Accounting and Litigation Support
Authors: Goyal Yeashika , Kumar Pawan
Published: August 2024

The present era is a technological time sphere where technological advancement acts like a double-edged sword. On the one hand, technological developments help to build a profitable business conveniently, on the other hand, committing fraud has also become expedient at the same time. Recent technological advancements like deepfakes, artificial intelligence, and blockchain are widely used by scamsters to fulfil their unethical practices. Forensic accounting plays a very significant role in the process of fraud investigation. The present research is carried out to measure the impact of forensic accounting on litigation outcomes and fraud detection. It also uncovers the impact of the complexity of legal procedures on the effectiveness of fraud detection mechanisms and satisfaction with legal outcomes. Moreover, the research sheds light on the role of the quality of forensic accounting investigation and internal control in steering the impact between dependent and independent variables. The research has deep legal implications related to litigation processes.
Exploring the Role of Sustainable Tourism in Building Environmental and Social Resilience
Authors: Bathla Gaurav , Raina Ashish , Kumar Amit , Tripathi Ranjeeta , Kaur Dalwinder
Published: August 2024

This chapter delves into the critical intersection between sustainable tourism and the cultivation of environmental and social resilience. In an era marked by escalating environmental challenges and social disparities, understanding the potential of sustainable tourism as a catalyst for positive change is paramount. Through an interdisciplinary lens, this chapter navigates the intricate dynamics at play, examining how sustainable tourism practices can contribute to the preservation of natural ecosystems while simultaneously fostering community empowerment and social cohesion. From promoting biodiversity conservation and mitigating climate change impacts to enhancing livelihood opportunities and cultural preservation, the chapter unravels the intricate web of benefits that sustainable tourism offers. Moreover, it delves into the complexities of stakeholder engagement, policy formulation, and innovative strategies necessary for realizing the full potential of sustainable tourism in building resilient societies.
A Netnographic Analysis of Tourists' Experiences in the Rural Tourism Village of India
Authors: Bhatt Vaibhav , Singh Pramendra , Bhartiya Shivam , Mishra Shreeansh , Singh Akhilesh Kumar
Published: August 2024

The study aims to investigate the experiences of the tourists at Raghurajpur and employed netnographic study approach to extract the tourists' experience from TripAdvisor website. Raghurajpur in Indian state of Odisha is a popular rural tourism destination known for its different kinds of traditional art forms including paintings, engravings, and craft making. On thematic analysis of the data, the study came out with identification of four components of tourists' experience at Raghurajpur, namely travel motives, positive experience, negative experience, and concern for art and artisans. The study explains the reasons to visit Raghurajpur and sheds light on other aspects of tourists' experiences. This will help the stakeholders better understand the nature and status of Raghurajpur village so that they can take corrective actions to serve the exact needs of the tourists along with preserving its rich culture, heritage, and art.
Human-Machine Interaction in the Metaverse
Authors: Sayyed Mudassar , Jadhav Babasaheb Ramdas , Barnabas Vikram , Gupta Shashi Kant
Published: August 2024

The rise of the metaverse, a virtual shared space where users interact collectively, has generated significant interest in examining the dynamics of human-machine interaction within this digital environment. This study presents an extensive overview of current research on human-machine interaction (HMI) in the metaverse, encompassing a variety of technologies, methodologies, and consequences. By drawing upon a diverse array of academic references, this study delves into the fundamental aspects of HMI in the metaverse, such as gesture and motion tracking, voice recognition, virtual and augmented reality interfaces, haptic feedback, brain-computer interfaces, avatars, personalization, and collaborative engagement. Furthermore, this study addresses the obstacles and possibilities linked to HMI in the metaverse and provides a framework for swift integration of HMI in the metaverse.
Design and Development of Seal Engraving Learning Application Based on Augmented Reality
Authors: Du Shaoxu , Sanmugam Mageswaran , Chen Chuang , Zhang Jingru
Published: August 2024

The Chinese seal engraving as a world intangible cultural heritage (ICH) has caused the younger generation of learners to face problems such as a lack of motivation to learn. Learning in conjunction with digital technology is an emerging means of sustaining the transmission and development of these cultures. This chapter was dedicated to developing and designing an augmented reality-based application for learning Chinese seal engraving (AR-CSE). The ADDIE instructional design model was used as the main strategy for developing and evaluating this application for this study. Content and instructional design experts were employed to conduct internal evaluations of the AR-CSE. Usability testing of the AR-CSE was carried out by the target learners to assess the quality of the application. The evaluation results show that the learning content and usability of AR-CSE are recognized by experts and users. The significance of this study is that AR-CSE combined with augmented reality technology has injected new vitality into the inheritance and learning of ICH.