bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of silver electrochemically deposited onto zinc oxide seed nanoparticles on the photoelectrochemical performance of zinc oxide nanorod films
Authors: Aranda Alejandro , Landers Richard , Carnelli Patricio , Candal Roberto , Alarcón Hugo , Rodríguez Juan
Published: May 2019

The present article examines the synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanorods grown on zinc oxide and silver nanoparticle seeds. Zinc oxide seeds were electrodeposited on a support of fluorine-doped tin oxide glass and heat-treated at 380°C. Silver nanoparticles were then deposited on this substrate, which was heat-treated at 160°C. Their presence was confirmed using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, by observing an absorption peak around 400 nm, corresponding to surface plasmon resonance. Growth of zinc oxide nanorods was achieved in a chemical bath at 90°C. The obtained films were analyzed by cyclic voltammetry, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. They consisted of zinc oxide with a Wurtzite-type crystal structure, arranged as nanorods of 50 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy exhibits peaks attributed to silver (0) and to the formation of silver oxide on the silver nanoparticle surface. In addition, two types of oxygen (O 1 s) were observed: oxygen from the crystalline network (O–2) and chemisorbed oxygen (–OH), for the seed and the nanorod films, respectively. The nanorods grown on zinc oxide seeds with silver deposits had a round shape and greater photoactivity than those grown without silver. This difference is attributed to the additional reflection that silver provides to the light reaching the film, thereby increasing the photogeneration from the charge carriers.
Two Polyketides Produced by Endophytic Penicillium citrinum DBR-9 From Medicinal Plant Stephania kwangsiensis and Their Antifungal Activity Against Plant Pathogenic Fungi
Authors: Luo Haiyu , Qing Zhen , Deng Yecheng , Deng Zhiyong , Tang Xia’an , Feng Beibei , Lin Wei
Published: May 2019

Endophytic fungi, especially those found in medicinal plants, are widely studied as producers of secondary metabolites of biotechnological interest. In this study, on the basis of an activity-directed isolation method and spectroscopic analysis, two active polyketides, citrinin (1) and emodin (2), were isolated and identified from the fermentation of the endophytic fungus Penicillium citrinum DBR-9. This fungus was isolated from the root tubers of the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Stephania kwangsiensis. In vitro antifungal assay showed that the two polyketides displayed significant inhibition on hypha growth of tested plant pathogenic fungi with IC50 values ranging from 3.1 to 123.1 μg/mL and 3.0 to 141.0 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, the mechanism of the effects of emodin (2) on the pathogen revealed it could affect the colony morphology, destroy cell membrane integrity, and influence the protein synthesis of the tested fungal cell. This work is the first report of two polyketides-producing endophytic P. citrinum DBR-9 from the medicinal plant S. kwangsiensis. Our results present new opportunities to deeply understand the potential of these two polyketides as natural antifungal agents to control phytopathogens in agriculture.
Systematic evaluation of computed tomography angiography collateral scores for estimation of long-term outcome after mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischaemic stroke
Authors: Weiss Daniel , Kraus Bastian , Rubbert Christian , Kaschner Marius , Jander Sebastian , Gliem Michael , Lee John-Ih , Haensch Carl-Albrecht , Turowski Bernd , Caspers Julian
Published: May 2019

Purpose

This study compares computed tomography angiography-based collateral scoring systems in regard to their inter-rater reliability and potential to predict functional outcome after endovascular thrombectomy, and relates them to parenchymal perfusion as measured by computed tomography perfusion.

Methods

Eighty-four patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy in anterior circulation ischaemic stroke were enrolled. Modified Tan Score, Miteff Score, Maas Score and Opercular Index Score ratio were assessed in pre-interventional computed tomography angiographies independently by two readers. Collateral scores were tested for inter-rater reliability by weighted-kappa, for correlations with three-months modified Rankin Scale, and their potential to differentiate between patients with favourable (modified Rankin Scale ≤2) and poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale ≥3). Correlations with relative cerebral blood volume and relative cerebral blood flow were tested in patients with available computed tomography perfusion.

Results

Very good inter-rater reliability was found for Modified Tan, Miteff and Opercular Index Score ratio, and substantial reliability for Maas. There were no significant correlations between collateral scores and three-months modified Rankin Scale, but significant group differences between patients with favourable and poor outcome for Maas, Miteff and Opercular Index Score ratio. Miteff and Maas were significant predictors of favourable outcome in binary logistic regression analysis. Miteff best differentiated between both outcome groups in receiver-operating characteristics, and Maas reached highest sensitivity for favourable outcome prediction of 96%. All collateral scores significantly correlated with mean relative cerebral blood volume and relative cerebral blood flow.

Conclusions

Computed tomography angiography scores are valuable in estimating functional outcome after mechanical thrombectomy and reliable across readers. The more complex scores, Maas and Miteff, show the best performances in predicting favourable outcome.
Molecular biology and targeted therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Whiting D , Sriprasad S
Published: May 2019

The treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma is challenging as it has proven to be relatively resistant to conventional oncological treatments. An improved understanding of the molecular biology of renal cell carcinoma has led to the development of a number of targeted therapies in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. This includes vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors and most recently immune checkpoint inhibitors. This article will review the mechanisms of development and progression of renal cell carcinoma as well as the mechanisms of current approved treatments in metastatic disease.

Level of evidence: Not applicable for this multicentre audit.
Feeling the Chill: Bersih 2.0, State Censorship, and “Networked Affect” on Malaysian Social Media 2012–2018
Authors: Johns Amelia , Cheong Niki
Published: May 2019

In 2007, Bersih—a Malaysian social movement for “clean and fair elections”—rode a wave of anti-government sentiment to mobilize 40,000 citizens to take to the streets. In particular, young Malaysians, fueled by “outrage and hope” at old oligarchies and lives put on hold by economic, social, and political inequality, were key actors in Bersih rallies staged between 2011 and 2016, driven by social media platforms and networked publics, which enabled the enthusiasm of the streets to connect with and drive the movement’s online formation. In response, the then government began to use media and security laws to disrupt digital networks and engage in arrest of activists and “ordinary” citizens. This, combined with allegations that the government has used astroturfing (commonly referred to as “cybertrooping” in Malaysia) to shape voter sentiments and suppress the momentum of Bersih and popular forms of online political dissent, has been strongly condemned by human rights organizations. This article draws upon findings from PhD research on cybertroopers and ethnographic interviews conducted with 29 Malaysian-Chinese youth between 2016 and 2018 (in Kuala Lumpur and Melbourne, Australia) to map and analyze the effects of the government’s use of “affective techniques” to manipulate social media publics and crackdown on online political communication, with media reports connecting these strategies to declining participation in Bersih’s street rallies from Bersih 4-5. The article will draw on theories of “networked affect” and “affective publics” to examine the role affect has played in this downturn in participation and a growing sense of hopelessness among Malaysia’s digital citizens.
Zkscan3 gene is a potential negative regulator of plasma cell differentiation
Authors: Li Zixuan , Wen Chunmei , Li Jialu , Meng Huimin , Ji Cheng , Han Zhichao , An Gangli , Yang Lin
Published: May 2019

We previously showed that the ZKSCAN3 gene codes for a zinc-finger transcription factor that regulates the expression of important genes and plays crucial roles in the development, metastasis, and pathogenesis of rectal cancer, prostate cancer, myeloma, and so on, and in the regulation of autophagy. However, its biological functions under normal physiological conditions remain unclear. In addition, our previous studies showed that the ZKSCAN3 gene may negatively regulate B cell functions. Therefore, we constructed a zkscan3-knockout mouse model and observed that knockout mice contained a greater number of plasma cells than wild-type mice. We also found that the number of plasma cells was significantly increased in either colorectal cancer xenografts or under lipopolysaccharide-induced conditions. RNA-seq and quantitative-polymerase chain reaction assay indicated that the X-inactive-specific transcript is upregulated in B cells of zkscan3-knockout mice, which may represent a potential mechanism how zkscan3 modulates plasma cell differentiation.
A Systemic Ventricular Assist Device With a Fenestration in a Failing Fontan Patient
Authors: Nakamura Yuki , Windsor Jimmy , Ueda Kenichi , Ricci Marco
Published: May 2019

Mechanical circulatory support in failing Fontan patients with Fontan circuit failure remains challenging. Herein, we describe a failing fenestrated Fontan patient who underwent systemic ventricular assist device support leaving the fenestration open. Perioperative course and hemodynamics during mechanical support are described in detail.
Differences in outcome after cruciate retaining and posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Singleton Neal , Nicholas Bryden , Gormack Nick , Stokes Andrew
Published: May 2019

Background:

Both cruciate retaining (CR) and posterior stabilized (PS) implants are commonly used for primary total knee arthroplasty. There is evidence to support improved range of motion in PS knee replacements, but there is no evidence showing functional superiority. The aim of this study was to compare functional outcomes between CR and PS knee replacements.

Patient and methods:

Prospectively collected regional joint registry data were used to compare preoperative and postoperative one, 5- and 10-year Oxford and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores in 1287 primary total knee replacements. Differences in functional scores between CR and PS knees were calculated.

Results:

The PS group had better functional scores than the CR group at baseline (mean Oxford score 15.59 vs. 14.52 ( p = 0.026) and mean WOMAC score 59.51 vs. 62.35 ( p = 0.012)), at 1 year postoperatively (mean Oxford score 37.94 vs. 36.63 ( p = 0.015) and mean WOMAC score 16.20 vs. 19.73 ( p = 0.001)) with a similar trend at 5 years postoperatively (mean Oxford score 39.66 vs. 38.50 ( p = 0.054) and mean WOMAC score 16.89 vs. 18.83 ( p = 0.131)). There was no difference in the overall functional improvement between the PS and CR groups at 1, 5, or 10 years. WOMAC subcomponent scores showed greater improvement in stiffness; 3.76 versus 3.36 ( p = 0.012) in PS knees at 1 year postoperatively. No significant differences were observed at 5 or 10 years.

Conclusions:

PS knee replacements showed greater improvement in stiffness at 1 year postoperatively. There was no difference observed at 5 or 10 years postoperatively. PS knees had better functional outcomes at 1 year with a similar trend at 5 years postoperatively.

Level of evidence:

III.
Correlation of radiological parameters to functional outcome in complex proximal humerus fracture fixation: A study of 127 cases
Authors: Dheenadhayalan J , Prasad V Durga , Devendra A , Rajasekaran S
Published: May 2019

Objective:

The purpose of this study is to analyze the radiological and functional outcome of complex proximal humerus fractures treated by open reduction and plate fixation, and how radiological parameters correlate with functional outcome.

Design:

Retrospective study.

Setting:

Level-1 trauma center.

Patients/methods:

One hundred twenty-seven patients were analyzed, with a mean follow-up of 5 (3–7) years.

Outcome measurements:

Radiological parameters studied were neck-shaft angle (NSA), greater tuberosity (GT) to articular surface (AS) distance, medial hinge reduction, and presence (or absence) of calcar screw. Functional outcome evaluated by DASH and Constant–Murley (C-M) score.

Results:

The mean age is 53.8 years. All patients had a union in 14 (12–18) weeks. The mean NSA is 135° (112–155°). One hundred and thirteen patients with an NSA of >120° had a good functional outcome. Fourteen patients with NSA ≤120° had shoulder abduction <90°. The mean GT to AS distance is 7.2 mm (−2 to 16). The superior displacement of GT above AS is associated with abduction of <90° (16 patients). The mean medial gap is 3 mm (0–17). In 14 patients with a medial gap of >4 mm and without calcar screw, varus collapse is observed. All patients had a good outcome on DASH score and 122 patients had good to excellent outcome on C-M score. Five patients with poor outcome on C-M score had NSA <120° and displacement of GT above AS.

Conclusion:

Radiographic indicators for poor outcome are varus angulation with NSA <120°, superior displacement of GT above AS, the presence of medial gap >4 mm, and absence of calcar specific screw. This “terrible triad” of proximal humerus fracture should be avoided during operative fixation.
Association Between Parental Understanding of Pitch Smart Guidelines and Youth Baseball Player Injuries
Authors: Zabawa Luke , Alland Jeremy A.
Published: May 2019

Background:

Injuries continue to rise among youth baseball players despite extensive research into prevention and the availability of throwing guidelines such as Pitch Smart. More research is needed to understand whether adherence to the current guidelines decreases injuries.

Purpose:

To understand the degree to which parents are aware of the Pitch Smart guidelines, whether parents adhere to the guidelines, and whether adherence results in decreased injuries in youth baseball players.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Methods:

An anonymous, internet-based survey consisting of 44 items was distributed to parents of adolescent baseball players affiliated with various youth baseball organizations across the midwestern United States; 15 items on the survey served as assessment questions of the Pitch Smart guidelines. Absolute and percentage correct scores were calculated and compared by use of a Student t test. A chi-square analysis was used to compare discrete data. A binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine whether showcase participation predicted player injury.

Results:

A total of 853 parents completed the survey. The mean ± SD age of the players on whom parents reported was 11.37 ± 3.5 years (range, 6-20 years). Among the cohort, 422 players regularly pitched. Regarding Pitch Smart guidelines, the percentage of correct answers by parents was 55.44% ± 0.3% for a player with a reported injury history and 62.14% ± 0.2% for a player without an injury history ( P = .012). The number of correct answers was 8.03 ± 4.0 for the group with an injury history and 9.17 ± 3.2 for the group with no history of injury ( P = .004). Binary logistic regression analysis, which controlled for age, indicated that showcase participation ( P = .001, β = 1.043 ± 0.026, R2 = 0.178) was a significant predictor of player injury.

Conclusion:

Pitchers are at an increased risk of injury compared with nonpitchers. Parents who are knowledgeable about the Pitch Smart throwing guidelines and actively follow them are significantly less likely to have a child with an injury. Excessive showcase participation is predictive of player injury when the analysis controls for age.
Perceptual Effects of Adjusting Hearing-Aid Gain by Means of a Machine-Learning Approach Based on Individual User Preference
Authors: Søgaard Jensen Niels , Hau Ole , Bagger Nielsen Jens Brehm , Bundgaard Nielsen Thor , Vase Legarth Søren
Published: May 2019

This study investigated a method to adjust hearing-aid gain by use of a machine-learning algorithm that estimates the optimal setting of gain parameters based on user preference indicated in an iterative paired-comparison procedure. Twenty hearing-impaired participants completed this procedure for 12 different sound scenarios. During the adjustment procedure, their task was to indicate a preference based on one of three sound attributes: Basic Audio Quality, Listening Comfort, or Speech Clarity. In a double-blind comparison of recordings of the processed scenarios, and using the same attributes as criteria, the adjusted gain settings were subsequently compared with two prescribed settings of the same hearing aid (with and without activation of an automatic sound-classification system). The results showed that the adjustment method provided a general improvement of Basic Audio Quality, an improvement of Listening Comfort in a traffic-noise scenario but not in three scenarios with speech babble, and no significant improvement of Speech Clarity. A large variation in gain adjustments was observed across participants, both among those who did benefit and among those who did not benefit from the adjustment. There was no clear connection between the gain adjustments and the perceived benefit, which indicates that the preferred gain settings for a given sound scenario and a given listening intention are highly individual and difficult to predict.
Fixing What’s Most Broken in the US Immigration System: A Profile of the Family Members of US Citizens and Lawful Permanent Residents Mired in Multiyear Backlogs
Authors: Kerwin Donald , Warren Robert
Published: May 2019

Executive Summary

The US Department of State (DOS) reports that as of November 2018, nearly 3.7 million persons had been found by US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) to have a close family relationship to a US citizen or lawful permanent resident (LPR) that qualified them for a visa, but were on “the waiting list in the various numerically-limited immigrant categories” ( DOS 2018 ). These backlogs in family-based “preference” (numerically capped) categories represent one of the most egregious examples of the dysfunction of the US immigration system. They consign family members of US citizens and LPRs that potentially qualify for a visa and that avail themselves of US legal procedures to years of insecurity, frustration, and (often) separation from their families.

Often criticized in the public sphere for jumping the visa queue, it would be more accurate to say that this population, in large part, comprises the queue. While they wait for their visa priority date to become current, those without immigration status are subject to removal. In addition, most cannot adjust to LPR status in the United States, but must leave the country for consular processing and, when they do, face three- or 10-year bars on readmission, depending on the duration of their unlawful presence in the United States. This population will also be negatively affected by the Department of Homeland Security’s (DHS) proposed rule to expand the public charge ground of inadmissibility ( Kerwin, Warren, and Nicholson 2018 ). In addition, persons languishing in backlogs enjoy few prospects in the short term for executive or legislative relief, given political gridlock over immigration reform and the Trump administration’s support for reduced family-based immigration.
Trends in U.S. Gender Attitudes, 1977 to 2018: Gender and Educational Disparities
Authors: Meagher Kelsey D. , Shu Xiaoling
Published: May 2019

These figures display gender- and education-related gaps in U.S. gender attitudes from 1977 to 2018. The authors use data from the General Social Survey ( N = 57,224) to estimate the historical trajectory of U.S. attitudes about women in politics, familial roles, and working motherhood. Of all attitudes analyzed, Americans hold the most liberal attitudes toward women in politics, with no gender gap and little educational difference on this issue. Attitudes toward familial roles have the largest educational gap but a small gender difference. The gender gap in attitudes toward working motherhood has persisted over time, with women holding more egalitarian attitudes than men. The educational disparity on this issue disappeared during the mid-1990s “stalled gender revolution” but has widened since. Although the “stall” occurred among all gender and educational groups on all four gender attitude measures, the decline was starkest among the college educated regarding working motherhood.
Competitive interaction with keystone taxa induced negative priming under biochar amendments
Authors: Chen Lijun , Jiang Yuji , Liang Chao , Luo Yu , Xu Qinsong , Han Cheng , Zhao Qiguo , Sun Bo
Published: May 2019

Background

Biochar amendments have been widely proposed as a conventional and efficient strategy to promote soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration via negative priming. Unfortunately, the extent and biological mechanisms responsible for biochar-induced negative priming are still not fully understood. Despite traditional explanations focused on the environmental filtering mechanisms of biochar amendments on microbial biomass and community composition underlying the priming effect on SOC dynamics, whether and how a biochar-induced competitive interaction with keystone taxa determines SOC mineralization in natural ecosystems has been minimally explored.

Results

Here, we paid particular attention to the relationships between the diversity and network structure of soil bacterial and fungal communities and SOC mineralization. A 3-year field experiment was conducted comprising five treatments: no fertilization, conventional fertilization, and conventional fertilization with three rates of biochar amendments. Biochar amendments considerably increased soil moisture capacity and pH and subsequently shaped the composition and co-occurrence networks of soil bacterial and fungal communities. Importantly, network analysis revealed that the biochar amendments triggered the competitive interaction with putative keystone taxa in the bacterial and fungal networks. Structural equation modeling suggested that the competitive interaction with keystone taxa promoted bacterial and fungal diversity and consequently reduced carbohydrate catabolism and soil metabolic quotient. Stable isotope probing incubations further provided consistent evidence of competition by keystone taxa with the increases in bacterial and fungal diversity under the biochar amendments.

Conclusions

We found that biochar-induced competition with keystone taxa stimulated the bacterial and fungal diversity and consequently decreased SOC mineralization. The comprehensive understanding of the unexplored biological mechanisms underlying the biochar-induced negative priming may provide crucial implications for enabling SOC sequestration.
Cancer Drug Use in the Last Month of Life in Men With Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Hu Jason , Aprikian Armen G. , Vanhuyse Marie , Dragomir Alice
Published: May 2019

PURPOSE:

Several new drug therapies have been approved in CRPC in the past decade. However, little is known about their potential overuse at the end of life. Cancer therapy use at the end of life has been considered an indicator of overtreatment. The study objective was to describe CRPC drug use in the last month of life of CRPC patients in Quebec.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Using administrative databases from the province of Quebec in Canada, we identified patients who received medical or surgical castration treatment, received one or more CRPC drugs (chemotherapy, abiraterone, or bone-targeted therapy), and died between 2001 and 2013. CRPC drug use in the last month of life was the primary outcome.

RESULTS:

The cohort consisted of 1,148 patients with CRPC. A total of 316 men (27.5%) received a CRPC drug in the last month of life. For those who received chemotherapy, abiraterone, and bone-targeted therapy, 10.2%, 27.8%, and 31.8% received them in the last month of life, respectively. In multivariable analyses, age older than 75 years (odds ratio [OR], 0.75; 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.99), and prostate cancer diagnosis received less than 24 months earlier (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.72) were associated with less CRPC drug use. Relative to dying between 2005 and 2011, dying between 2012 and 2013 (OR 1.60; 95% CI, 1.18 to 2.18) was associated with greater CRPC drug use.

CONCLUSION:

More than one quarter of patients received CRPC drug therapies in the last month of life. Persistent chemotherapy, abiraterone, bone-targeted therapies, and medical castration drugs in the last month of life may be an indicator of inappropriate and expensive end-of-life care.
Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerosis: Implications for Insulin-Sensitizing Agents
Authors: Di Pino Antonino , DeFronzo Ralph A
Published: May 2019

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at high risk for macrovascular complications, which represent the major cause of mortality. Despite effective treatment of established cardiovascular (CV) risk factors (dyslipidemia, hypertension, procoagulant state), there remains a significant amount of unexplained CV risk. Insulin resistance is associated with a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors known collectively as the insulin resistance (metabolic) syndrome (IRS). Considerable evidence, reviewed herein, suggests that insulin resistance and the IRS contribute to this unexplained CV risk in patients with T2DM. Accordingly, CV outcome trials with pioglitazone have demonstrated that this insulin-sensitizing thiazolidinedione reduces CV events in high-risk patients with T2DM. In this review the roles of insulin resistance and the IRS in the development of atherosclerotic CV disease and the impact of the insulin-sensitizing agents and of other antihyperglycemic medications on CV outcomes are discussed.
CLARITY-BPA Program in Rats: Is It Translatable to Humans?
Authors: Hagobian Todd
Published: May 2019

The Consortium Linking Academic and Regulatory Insights on BPA Toxicity (CLARITY-BPA) program was the most comprehensive study to date examining a full range of health effects of varying bisphenol A (BPA) exposure in rats. The major concern of the CLARITY-BPA program that has not previously been discussed is whether exposing rats to varying doses to BPA is translatable to humans, even at the “typical” exposure ranges for humans. This perspective will provide evidence that the vast majority of pharmaceutical drug development and other trials in animals have not been replicated in human randomized studies. Similarly, to truly understand whether BPA exposure affects human health, clinical trials are needed to examine BPA administration in humans in controlled settings.
Sequence environment of BMP-dependent activating elements controls transcriptional responses to Dpp signaling in Drosophila
Authors: Chayengia Mrinal , Veikkolainen Ville , Jevtic Milica , Pyrowolakis George
Published: May 2019

Intercellular signaling pathways activate transcription factors, which along with tissue-specific co-factors regulate expression of target genes. Responses to TGF-ß/BMP signals are mediated by Smad proteins, which form complexes and accumulate in the nucleus to directly bind and regulate enhancers of BMP-targets upon signaling. In Drosophila, gene activation by BMP signaling often requires, in addition to direct input by Smads, the signal-dependent removal of the transcriptional repressor Brk. Previous studies on enhancers of BMP activated genes have defined a BMP responsive motif, the AE, which integrates activatory and repressive input by the Smad complex and Brk, respectively. Here, we address whether sequence variations within the core AE sequences might endow the motif with additional properties accounting for qualitative and quantitative differences in BMP responses including tissue-specificity of transcriptional activation and differential sensitivity to Smad and Brk inputs. By analyzing and cross-comparing three distinct BMP responsive enhancers from the genes wit and dad in two different epithelia, the wing imaginal disc and the follicular epithelium, we demonstrate that differences in the AEs neither contribute to the observed tissue-restriction of BMP responses nor to differences in the utilization of the Smad and Brk branches for transcriptional activation. Our results rather suggest that the cis-environment of the BMP response elements not only dictate tissue specificity but also differential sensitivity to the two BMP mediators.
Ribosome clearance during RNA interference
Authors: Pule Makena N. , Glover Marissa L. , Fire Andrew Z. , Arribere Joshua A.
Published: May 2019

In the course of identifying and cleaving RNA, the RNAi machinery must encounter and contend with the megadalton-sized ribosomes that carry out translation. We investigated this interface by examining the fate of actively translated mRNAs subjected to RNAi in C. elegans. Quantifying RNA levels (RNA-seq) and ongoing translation (Ribo-seq), we found there is a greater fold repression of ongoing translation than expected from loss of RNA alone, observing stronger translation repression relative to RNA repression for multiple, independent double-stranded RNA triggers, and for multiple genes. In animals that lack the RNA helicase SKI complex and the ribosome rescue factor PELOTA, ribosomes stall on the 3′ edges of mRNAs at and upstream of the RNAi trigger. One model to explain these observations is that ribosomes are actively cleared from mRNAs by SKI and PELO during or following mRNA cleavage. Our results expand prior studies that show a role for the SKI RNA helicase complex in removing RNA targets following RNAi in flies and plants, illuminating the widespread role of the nonstop translation surveillance in RNA silencing during RNAi. Our results are also consistent with proposals that RNAi can attack messages during active translation.
Review of: Ioannis P. Chouliaras (ed.), Ιερά Μονή Κοιμήσεως Θεοτόκου Γηρομερίου. Ιστορία-Τέχνη [The Holy Monastery of the Dormition of the Virgin in Giromeri: History–Art]
Authors: Melvani Nicholas
Published: May 2019

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World History as Oceanic History: Beyond Braudel
Authors: Armitage David
Published: May 2019

Until recently, most historians shared a prejudice in favour of the history of land, territory and their human inhabitants. Yet two-thirds of the world’s surface is water and much of human history has been conducted on its shores, around its seas and across its oceans. This article proposes reimagining the history of the world through its oceans and seas and examines the multiple genealogies of oceanic history, Mediterranean, Pacific and Atlantic among them. It argues that these models do not exhaust the potential for an oceanic history of the world. It takes the example of the Atlantic and its history to show how models from other oceanic arenas can help us to open up new histories, of regions within larger oceans, of the transnational connections between oceans and of the world beneath the waves.
­­Statins in the perioperative period
Authors: Mohebi Reza , Rosenson Robert
Published: May 2019

In this review, we discuss clinical evidence-based data regarding the potential benefit of statin therapy in the perioperative period of non-cardiac surgery. Results from meta-analyses of prospective observational studies have provided conflicting evidence. Moreover, comparison among studies is complicated by varying data sources, outcome definitions, types of surgery, and preoperative versus perioperative statin therapy. However, results of two recent large prospective cohort studies showed that statin use on the day of or the day after non-cardiac surgery (or both) is associated with lower 30-day all-cause mortality and reduction in a variety of postoperative complications, predominantly cardiac, compared with non-use during this period. There is a paucity of data from randomized controlled trials assessing the benefit of statin therapy in non-cardiac surgery. No randomized controlled trials have shown that initiating a statin in statin-naïve patients may reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications in non-cardiac surgeries. One randomized clinical trial demonstrated that the use of a preoperative statin in patients with stable coronary heart disease treated with long-term statin therapy had a significant reduction in the incidence of myocardial necrosis and major adverse cardiovascular events after non-cardiac surgery. In conclusion, it is important that all health-care professionals involved in the care of the surgical patient emphasize the need to resume statin therapy, particularly in patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, initiating a statin in statin-naïve patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery needs more evidence-based data.
Inpatient Management of Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Fudman David I , Sattler Lindsey , Feuerstein Joseph D
Published: May 2019

Acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) is a potentially life‐threatening presentation of ulcerative colitis that in nearly all cases requires inpatient management and coordinated care from hospitalists, gastroenterologists, and surgeons. Even with ideal care, a substantial proportion of patients will ultimately require colectomy, but most patients can avoid surgery with intravenous corticosteroid treatment and if needed, appropriate rescue therapy with infliximab or cyclosporine. In‐hospital management requires not only therapies to reduce the inflammation at the heart of the disease process, but also to avoid complications of the disease and its treatment. Care for ASUC must be anticipatory, with patient education and evaluation starting at the time of admission in advance of the possible need for urgent medical or surgical rescue therapy. Here we outline a general approach to the treatment of patients hospitalized with ASUC, highlighting the common pitfalls and critical points in management.
Providing dental care in prisons
Authors: Howard Paul
Published: May 2019

This paper will summarize some of the clinical and organizational challenges for dentists and dental care professionals who are interested in working in custodial environments. This briefly covers some of the difficulties and pressures that the dental team face in providing dental care within these very specific environments. There are some features unique to this population group that can negatively affect their dental health experiences, related to socio-economic, lifestyle and other factors. In general, prisoners enjoy poorer dental health and mental health than the general population and present a greater degree of learning difficulties than the population at large. This requires additional skills and training for the dental teams treating this group and presents a number of challenges not always found in the provision of routine primary care dentistry.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Although the article describes the provision of care for the prison environment in England, this is mirrored in other parts of the United Kingdom and the same general considerations will apply and be recognized in prisons in other national systems of dental care. Many of the areas covered are relevant independent of the systems in which care is delivered.
MATERIAL CONCRETO: UMA ESTRATÉGIA PEDAGÓGICA NO ENSINO E APRENDIZAGEM DE MATEMÁTICA
Authors: Jager Silva Kellen Christine , Silva Valéria Gomes da
Published: May 2019

O presente artigo visa descrever a importância do uso do material concreto e lúdico no ensino da matemática. Sabemos que muitos professores em suas práticas de ensino usam somente o livro didático e caderno de planejamento para ministrarem suas aulas. Com toda informação que existe hoje, nossos alunos necessitam mais que isso, para que as aulas fiquem motivadas. Utilizando o material concreto as aulas podem ficar mais atrativas motivando os alunos a participarem de maneira prazerosa. Este artigo tem como foco a concepção e a ação docente na organização das situações de ensino e aprendizagem com o manuseio de materiais concreto na disciplina de matemática nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental. O estudo apoia-se numa pesquisa bibliográfica. Os resultados desse estudo demonstram que quando o professor promove um espaço lúdico revelado nos jogos e nos materiais concretos, os alunos interagem cooperativamente neste espaço organizado pelo docente, comprovando, portanto, a importância da intervenção pedagógica para a construção de relações cognitivas que se traduzem em aprendizagem.
Expediente
Authors: Filho dos Reis Cinval
Published: May 2019

Expediente
Direito Constitucional da Cidadania Brasileira
Authors: Pinto Márcio Alexandre da Silva
Published: May 2019

Após a luta de muitos concidadãos, foi superada a ditadura militar, foi reconquistada a democracia e foi revogada a Constituição Federal de 1967. Depois de ampla discussão, com uma boa participação democrática da cidadania brasileira, foi promulgada a atual Constituição Brasileira, em 05 de Outubro de 1988. Com efeito, com um razoável debate no Congresso Nacional, constituíram importantes inovações, inclusive, do ponto de vista do direito da cidadania, malgrado não consagrando a concepção cidadã contemporânea, porquanto em construção, mesmo porque é pouco considerada pelos atuais doutrinadores.
Derecho Penal de la Seguridad Los Peligros del Derecho Penal en la Sociedad del Riesgo
Authors: Kindhäuser Urs
Published: May 2019

Una sociedad que en camino de su progreso (técnico) se genere a sí misma múltiples peligros debe, en compensación, desarrollar los instrumentos de control social que procuren seguridad. A tal efecto se recurre, también, cada vez más al derecho penal, el cual, sin embargo, no puede ejecutar esa tarea sin acortar o incluso renunciar a elementos esenciales del más básico estado liberal de derecho.
Lei Rouanet e Pontos de Cultura
Authors: Moraes Ana Paula Bagaiolo , Calil Lucas Eckert
Published: May 2019

O presente artigo busca analisar a história das políticas culturais do Brasil no período de sua redemocratização, ou seja, o período de inserção neoliberal, fazendo um recorte jurídico na teoria crítica para identificar erros e acertos na efetivação das garantias de direitos fundamentais culturais nas políticas adotadas, contrastando-se, para tanto, a Lei Rouanet com os Pontos de Cultura.
Raposa e o Porco-Espinho
Authors: Fuhrmann Italo Roberto
Published: May 2019

Trata-se de uma resenha analítica e exploratória do livro A Raposa e o Porco-Espinho - Justiça e Valor, da lavra do autor Ronald Dworkin. O texto aborda a análise da moral política e a epistemologia moral de Dworkin, a partir de uma suposta independência metafísica dos juízos morais, apresentando e introduzindo o tema ao público acadêmico brasileiro.
(I)legitimidade Jusfilosófica da Previdência Social do Boia-fria
Authors: Kliemann Edmar Adolpho , Salomão Kátia Rocha
Published: May 2019

O trabalhador rural volante, também conhecido como boia-fria, encontra-se em um limbo jurídico quanto a sua questão previdenciária, tendo em vista a dubiedade de enquadramento como segurado da Previdência Social e a histórica dificuldade legislativa, judiciária e administrativa em efetivar seus direitos atinentes à seguridade social. A ausência de uma efetiva proteção às intempéries sociais gera uma forte presunção da falta de legitimidade jurídica de sua Previdência Social e enseja uma análise habermasiana que tem, em seu centro, os estudos sobre a colonização do mundo da vida pelo mundo sistêmico e da função integradora do Direito. O principal escopo deste estudo monográfico se concentra, assim, em uma análise pormenorizada dos diversos aspectos legislativos, jurisprudenciais e administrativos que permeiam a Previdência Social do boia-fria, para, em seguida, buscar o tegumento analítico de uma abordagem jusfilosófica habermasiana, que instigará à forma com que a função integradora do Direito atua no limbo do trabalhador rural volante e como se desenvolve a colonização do mundo da vida pelo mundo sistêmico, para, ao final, procurar sanar a problemática jurídica acerca de sua legitimidade.
Privatização da Pena Privativa de Liberdade "em Extinção"
Authors: Bastos Douglas de Assis , Sarmento George
Published: May 2019

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estabelecer uma premissa básica e anterior a qualquer discussão sobre constitucionalidade e riscos político-criminais da privatização dos presídios, qual seja, a pena privativa de liberdade (alvo da privatização) ainda subsistirá em meio aos discursos criminológicos contemporâneos que questionam a sua legitimidade? Neste sentido, o estudo propõe uma reflexão crítica acerca da (ir) racionalidade do poder punitivo estatal que, embora tenha sido corretamente apontado como seletivo, estigmatizante e disfuncional pelos abolicionistas e minimalistas radicais, tem se expandido cada vez mais nas sociedades pós-industriais como o "legítimo" protetor de direitos fundamentais. No desenvolvimento, transcorreu-se pelo nascedouro da prisão, desde as workhouses -antes mesmo de ser utilizada como sanção penal-, passando pela sua introdução no sistema legal dos Estados Modernos e a busca pela sua humanização na perspectiva liberal de Beccaria. Foi necessário também contrapor as teorias legitimadoras - teorias absolutas (Kant e Hegel) e teorias relativas da prevenção geral (Feuerbach e Jakobs) e especial (Ferrajoli e Roxin) com as teorias deslegitimadoras (a exemplo deÂ Hulsman, Baratta, Zaffaroni e Foucault). Para, finalmente, se constatar, através da metodologia de pesquisa bibliográfica, dogmática e criminológica, que o fenômeno da expansão do direito penal trabalhado através da obra de Silva Sánches repercute não só no âmbito do legislativo e do judiciário, mas também nas políticas penitenciárias, abrindo terrenos férteis para a gestão prisional privada.
Vigencia de la Norma y Protección de Bienes Jurídicos
Authors: Kindhäuser Urs
Published: May 2019

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Inclusão da Pessoa com Deficiência no Trabalho
Authors: Artur Karen , Freitas Lígia Barros de
Published: May 2019

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HOMENAGEM A THIERRY SALMON
Authors: Molinari Renata M. , De Paula Eduardo , De Castro Maurício Paroni
Published: May 2019

Título: Homenagem a Thierry Salmon

Resumo: “Homenagem à Thierry Salmon” é um dossiê publicado na revista Prove di Drammaturgia (nº.2, 2002), sob a curadoria de Renata M. Molinari – dramaturga por dezesseis anos junto a Salmon. Resultado de um simpósio realizado pela Università di Bologna, no qual atores e atrizes, iluminador, sonoplasta, preparadores corporal e vocal, se reuniram para relembrar, refletir e compartilhar as questões centrais relativas ao “Projeto Amazonas”. Entre outros elementos presentes no rol das atenções de Thierry Salmon, os temas compartilhados eram relativos às tensões referentes aos universos feminino e masculino, ao espaço-memória, a permeabilidade e o imprevisto como elementos instaladores de oportunidades para se colocar em jogo com o real.

Palavras-chave: Thierry Salmon, Teatro, Encenação, Atuação, Real.

 

Titolo: Omaggio a Thierry Salmon

Riassunto: “Omaggio a Thierry Salmon” è un dossier pubblicato nella rivista Prove di Drammaturgia (nº.2, 2002), a cura di Renata M. Molinari – drammaturg per più di sedici anni accanto a Salmon. Risultato di un colloquio tenuto all`Università di Bologna, in cui attori e attrici, light and sound designer, coreografa, preparatori fisici  e vocali, si raccolsero per ricordare e  riflettere sul lavoro con Thierry Salmon, condividendo le questioni centrali riguardanti il Progetto Amazzone. Tra gli altri elementi messi in risalto nell’elenco delle priorità di Thierry Salmon in questo progetto e oltre, emergono i temi della relazione tra universo femminile e maschile, lo spazio della memoria, la permeabilità e l’imprevisto come fondamenti dell’opportunità di mettersi in gioco con il reale.

Parole chiave: Thierry Salmon, Teatro, Regia, Recitazione/Rappresentazione, Reale.

 

Title: Tribute to Thierry Salmon

Abstract: Tribute to Thierry Salmon is a dossier published in the magazine Prove di Drammaturgia (n°.2, 2002), under the curatorship of Renata M. Molinari – dramaturge for sixteen years alongside Salmon. It is the result of a symposium held at the University of Bologna, in which actors and actresses, light and sound designers, movement and vocal instructors, gathered together to remember, reflect and share the important questions related to the Amazon Project. Among other things that concerned Thierry Salmon, the topics shared were related to the tension between the female and male universes, between space and memory, between permeability and unexpected, as elements that open opportunities to bring the real in the theatrical game.

Keywords: Thierry Salmon, Theatre, Staging, Acting, Real.
Features of ankylosing spondylitis at different stages in men and women
Authors: Cherentsova I. A. , Otteva E. N.
Published: May 2019

The incidence of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) has recently increased with a substantial rise in the proportion of female patients, making this investigation relevant.

Objective: to investigate the clinical and laboratory parameters of inflammatory activity and functional status in male and female patients with AS at different stages of the disease.

Patients and methods. Examinations were performed in 119 patients (82 men and 37 women) (mean age, 36.4±0.9 years) with AS and 34 patients (24 men and 10 women) (mean age 27.0±1.6 years) with non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA). The investigators used the 1984 modified New York criteria to confirm AS diagnosis and the 2009 ASAS classification criteria for axial spondyloarthritis. They also determined AS activity by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and functional status by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) and the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI). For the calculation of enthesites, the validated index Maastricht Ankylosing Spondylitis Enthesitis Score (MASES) was used; pain intensity in the last week was estimated using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Laboratory examination included the determination of ESR and HLA-B27 antigen. All the patients underwent a plain film of the pelvic bones; and patients with nr-axSpA had magnetic resonance imaging for sacroiliitis.

Results and discussion. In both groups, there was a male preponderance and axial lesions were more common (among the patients with AS, there were 68.9% of the men with sacroiliac joint lesions and 53.7% of those with spinal involvement; among the patients with nr-axSpA, there were 80.0 and 67.6 %, respectively; p>0.05). The HLA-B27 antigen was detected in the majority of patients with AS (86.6% of men and 91.7% of women) and in those with nr-axSpA (91.6 and 80.0%, respectively). Uveitis was more common in women with AS (32.4%), less common in men with AS (17.1%); (p<0.05) and nr-axSpA (8.3%); uveitis was not observed in women with nr-axSpA (p<0.001). The pain according to VAS was more intense in women (48.1±3.4 mm; p<0.01); in the nr-axSpA group, its values were comparable in men and women (p>0.05). The BASDAI and BASFI scores were similar in women at all stages of the disease (p>0.05). The men with nr-axSpA had the best functional status (p<0.01) with the same BASDAI activity (p>0.05) compared with those with AS. The BASMI in patients with AS regardless of gender was higher than in those with nr-axSpA (p<0.01). High BASDAI activity was more frequently detected in women with AS and nr-axSpA than in men (64.9 and 60.0%, respectively; p<0.01). Low activity was not observed in any woman with nr-axSpA. Enthesitis was more common in women in both AS and nr-axSpA (81.0 and 80.0%, respectively; p<0.05).

Conclusion. In women, AS and nr-ax-SpA are more severe, starting at their early stage, which is manifested by a higher activity, functional failure, and a higher frequency of extra-axial manifestations.