bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of Inhalation Challenge Test for Bird-related Fibrotic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: a Case Control Study
Authors: Okuda Ryo , Hagiwara Eri , Baba Tomohisa , Kitamura Hideya , Komatsu Shigeru , Kaburaki Shota , Mikami Yu , Takemura Tamiko , Ogura Takashi
Published: December 2021

Background: The inhalation challenge test is considered to be the “gold standard” for diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) and identifying the causative antigen in patients with fibrotic HP. However, the inhalation challenge test is not widely used. This study aimed to examine the value of the inhalation challenge test.Methods: This was a single-center, case control study. The patients with fibrotic HP were diagnosed pathologically by surgical lung biopsy or transbronchial lung cryobiopsy, and were assumed to be bird-related fibrotic HP if they had a history of obvious avian exposure. The patients with a histopathological diagnosis of fibrotic HP, no history of bird exposure and negative anti-bird antibodies were assumed to be non-bird-related fibrotic HP.Results: Based on pathological findings and history of avian exposure, 43 of 86 patients were diagnosed with bird-related fibrotic HP. In 43 patients with bird-related fibrotic HP, 15 (35%) were positive for anti-bird IgG antibody, and 36 (81%) were positive for the inhalation challenge test. Patients with both positive inhalation challenge test and anti-bird IgG antibodies had a 2.7% decline in annual FVC before the inhalation (p = 0.029). In patients with positive inhalation challenge test and the negative anti-bird IgG antibodies, the annual FVC decreased by 5.0% (p = 0.047). No significant FVC decline was observed in patients with negative inhalation challenge test and positive anti-bird IgG antibody, and those with both negative tests.Conclusions: The inhalation challenge test for bird-related fibrotic HP was more sensitive than anti-bird IgG antibodies. Furthermore, the inhalation challenge test was able to find a group of patients with FVC decline.
Efficacy And Safety of Canakinumab As A Second-Line Biologic After Tocilizumab Treatment Failure in Children With Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Single-Center Cohort Study Using Routinely Collected Health Data
Authors: Alexeeva Ekaterina , Krekhova Elizaveta , Dvoryakovskaya Tatyana , Isaeva Ksenia , Chomakhidze Aleksandra , Chistyakova Evgeniya , Lomakina Olga , Denisova Rina , Mamutova Anna , Fetisova Anna , Gautier Marina , Vankova Dariya , Kriulin Ivan , Saygitov Ruslan
Published: December 2021

Background: A significant number of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) patients discontinue biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) due to lack of efficacy or safety concerns. Studies of biologic therapy switch regimens in sJIA are required.Methods: Patients with sJIA who switched from tocilizumab (due to lack of efficacy or safety) to canakinumab (4 mg/kg every 4 weeks) and were hospitalized at the rheumatology department from August 2012 to July 2020 were included. Primary efficacy outcomes were 30% or greater improvement based on the pediatric criteria of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR30), achievement of inactive disease (JADAS‑71 =0) and clinical remission (ACR sJIA clinical inactive disease criteria). Follow-up was 12 months or the closest time point (not less than 6 and not more than 18 months). Data were extracted from outpatient medical records.Results: During the study period, 46 patients with sJIA switched from tocilizumab to canakinumab. Median age at canakinumab initiation was 8.2 (interquartile range 4.0; 12.9) years, and median sJIA duration was 1.8 (0.8; 5.8) years; 37 (80%) patients received at least one non-biologic DMARD (oral corticosteroids, methotrexate and/or cyclosporine A). Study outcomes were followed up in 45 patients (one patient did not attend the follow-up for an unknown reason); median follow-up was 359 (282; 404) days. During the follow-up, canakinumab was discontinued in one patient (due to tuberculosis detection) and the dose was reduced or the injection interval increased in four (9%) patients. In total, 27 (60%) patients continued to receive at least one non-biologic DMARD. Improvement according to the ACR30 criteria was achieved in 43 patients (96%; 95% confidence interval, 85–99), inactive disease in 42 (93%; 82–98), and clinical remission in 37 (82%; 69‑91); after adjustment for actual time-at-risk, the rates were 83, 85 and 73 events per 100 person-years, respectively. During follow-up, 23 adverse events (most frequently infections) were reported in 19/45 (42%) patients; 5/45 (11%) patients developed macrophage activation syndrome, with a favorable outcome in all cases.Conclusions: Short-term (about 12 months) canakinumab therapy was found to be potentially effective as second-line biologic therapy after discontinuation of tocilizumab in patients with sJIA. Trial registration: CACZ885G2301E1 (G2301; NCT00891046 registered on April 29, 2009) and CACZ885G2306 (G2306; NCT02296424 registered on November 20, 2014).
Iron supplementation delays aging and extends cellular lifespan through potentiation of mitochondrial function
Authors: Jing Jovian Lin , Ning Trishia Cheng Yi , Natali Federica , Eisenhaber Frank , Alfatah Mohammad
Published: December 2021

Aging is the greatest challenge of humankind worldwide. Aging is associated with a progressive loss of physiological integrity due to a decline in cellular metabolism and functions. Such metabolic changes lead to age-related diseases, thereby compromising human health for the remaining life. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify geroprotectors that regulate metabolic functions to target the aging biological processes. Nutrients are the major regulator of metabolic activities to coordinate cell growth and development. Iron is an important nutrient involved in several biological functions, including metabolism. In this study, using yeast as an aging model organism, we show that iron supplementation delays aging and increases the cellular lifespan. To determine how iron supplementation increases the lifespan, we performed the gene expression analysis of mitochondria, the main cellular hub of iron utilization. Quantitative analysis of gene expression data reveals that iron supplementation upregulates the expression of mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and electron transport chain (ETC) genes. Furthermore, in agreement with expression profiles of mitochondrial genes, ATP level is elevated by iron supplementation, which is required for increasing the cellular lifespan. To confirm, we tested the role of iron supplementation in the AMPK knockout mutant. AMPK is a highly conserved controller of mitochondrial metabolism and energy homeostasis. Remarkably, iron supplementation rescued the short lifespan of AMPK knockout mutant confirmed the anti-aging role through enhancement of mitochondrial functions. Thus our results suggest a potential therapeutic use of iron supplementation to delay aging and prolong healthspan.
Ergebnisse einer Online-Umfrage zur „Angemessenheit von Aussprachevarianten in formellen Sprechsituationen“
Authors: Kleiner Stefan
Published: December 2021

Im Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse einer im Jahr 2015 durchgeführten Online-Umfrage vorgestellt, in der die Angemessenheit von Aussprachevarianten des Deutschen in formellen Sprechsituationen bewertet werden sollte. Zu diesem Zweck wurden den 1.964 Teilnehmer/-innen Aussprachevarianten von insgesamt 207 Lexemen vorgelegt, vor allem aus den Bereichen Wortakzent, Vokalquantität und Fremdwortrealisierung. Die Umfrageergebnisse werden tabellarisch aufgeführt und damit weiterer Forschung zur Verfügung gestellt.
BREVE ANÁLISE TEÓRICA DA JUDICIALIZAÇÃO DA POLÍTICA NA AMÉRICA LATINA: ASPECTOS COMPARADOS NO BRASIL E NO CHILE
Authors: Ramos Edith Maria Barbosa , Rosário Pedro Trovão do , Almeida Natalie Maria de Oliveira de
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo teve por objetivo a partir do conceito de judicialização da política desenvolvido por Gallo (2009), Barroso (2009), Sadek (2004) e Ramos e Diniz (2016), tratar sobre como esse fenômeno aparece na América Latina, notadamente, no Brasil e no Chile, para em seguida analisar suas possíveis consequências. Pressupõe-se que a judicialização é um fenômeno globalizado que envolve diversas questões e que embora dívida opiniões não deve ser visto necessariamente como algo negativo. Para alcançar o escopo pretendido realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura com ampla pesquisa bibliográfica em livros de autores nacionais e internacionais, artigos científicos estratificados com qualis periódico avaliado com extrato “A” e “B” e/ou constante em bases de dados como Scopus, LILACS e Google Acadêmico, bem como trabalhos encontrados em na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD).
La generalización de los derechos desde la perspectiva del feminismo de la igualdad
Authors: Cotrina Gulfo Yamid Enrique , Ayala Redondo Johanna Victoria , Obredor Jiménez Mateo Andres
Published: December 2021

La generalización de los derechos puede considerarse como un proceso inacabado, el cual genera efectos adversos a la universalidad e igualdad que plantea, y exponer la razón por la que necesita apoyo de procesos paralelos a este, tal es el caso de la especificación es fundamental para lograr la garantía de los derechos de las mujeres. Es por ello que se plantea la generalización como un proceso de ampliación hacia las mujeres como titulares de derechos y la especificación como proceso complementario en la profundización de su reconocimiento. Se debe partir de la positivación de los derechos, para plantear la necesidad de generalizar los derechos ya reconocidos desde su goce efectivo.
ANÁLISE TERRITORIAL NO ESPAÇO URBANO DE TERESINA-PI: DINÂMICAS ESPACIAIS EM TERRITÓRIOS DA ÁREA CENTRAL
Authors: SILVA Lineu Aparecido Paz e , CARVALHO David Jose da Silva
Published: December 2021

O processo de ocupação do espaço caracteriza-se pela demarcação de determinados territórios por grupos sociais e agentes econômicos. Esta pesquisa, que teve como foco a zona urbana de Teresina-PI, apresenta como objetivo, analisar determinadas formas de territorialidade, que ocorre neste município. Nesta pesquisa, foram realizados estudos bibliográficos e pesquisa de campo. Diante do estudo realizado, verificou-se que a territorialidade é um fenômeno que se constrói no dia a dia das pessoas confrontando o conhecimento do local habitado e experiência anteriores. Neste trabalho, ficou observado a existência da ocupação de grupos sociais e agentes econômicos nas devidas áreas citadas para estudo. Diante da análise realizada, pode-se afirmar que, determinados tipos de territórios, resulta das relações sociais entre indivíduos, grupos sociais ou agentes econômicos em seu meio de referência.
O PAPEL DOS SERVIÇOS FINANCEIROS RURAIS NA PROMOÇÃO DO DESENVOLVIMENTO DA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR: CASO DA COOPERATIVA 25 DE SETEMBRO NO DISTRITO DE BOANE, MOÇAMBIQUE
Authors: ROSÁRIO Nelson Maria , MOURA José De Sousa Paiva
Published: December 2021

Em Moçambique, a agricultura familiar é o sector que emprega a maioria da população e nos últimos anos essa atividade tem sido deixada a deriva e, em contrapartida, os outros sectores são privilegiados, mesmo quando se sabe que a agricultura é considerada a principal atividade econômica. O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar o papel dos serviços financeiros rurais na promoção do desenvolvimento da agricultura familiar, caso da Cooperativa 25 de Setembro no distrito de Boane. Pretende-se ainda com o mesmo, mostrar que os serviços financeiros são importantes na ajuda os agregados rurais a terem uma vida mais digna. Para a concretização do objetivo, recorreu-se a pesquisa exploratória, qualitativa e quantitativa e estudo de caso, suportados pela pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. O trabalho de campo foi fundamental para materializar o estudo de caso. Os resultados da pesquisa de campo, provaram que os serviços financeiros rurais promovem o desenvolvimento da agricultura familiar, na Cooperativa 25 de Setembro em particular e no distrito de Boane em geral.Palavras-chaves: Agricultura familiar, Serviços financeiros rurais e promoção do desenvolvimento.
The Great Fire of London as a Memory Site (Lieu de Mémoire)
Authors: Tomczak Anna Maria
Published: December 2021

The author approaches the Great Fire of London of 1666 as a memory site, using Pierre Nora’s concept to analyse various forms and acts of remembrance of this historic event. Special attention is paid to John Dryden’s poem Annus Mirabilis, fragments of Samuel Pepys’s Diary, the architectural Monument of the Great Fire in the City of London, and the celebrations of the 350th anniversary with its spectacular London’s Burning festival. Nora’s idea of lieu de mémoire, when used as a conceptual tool, makes it possible to link collective memory and identity, not through a linear historic narration of a society’s past but through specific individual events and their symbolic impact. As a social construct, collective memory is an important constitutive element of national identity. The memory of the Great Fire – in its material, symbolic and functional aspects – fosters cultural identity of the British and the feeling of belonging.
Czym jest polski design?
Authors: Kostrzyńska-Miłosz Anna
Published: December 2021

The article touches upon the question of the history of Polish industrial design. It analyses its genesis since the second half of the nineteenth century as well as the crucial problem of how ‘Polish’ and nationally rooted were, in fact, the forms presented by the Polish designers at the time. Further reflections on the topic show two main tendencies – inspirations emerging from Anna Kostrzyńska-Miłosz folk art and the search for modernity (characteristic of the entire European design during the period). Both tendencies are still present in Polish design.
Wizjoner przyszłości Norman Bel Geddes. Design jako sposób na budowanie lepszego jutra
Authors: Kozina Irma
Published: December 2021

The American industrial designer Norman Bel Geddes is known for developing innovative concepts about theatre and movie sets, as well as designing cars based on streamlining. Moreover, he also belonged to the early-twentieth-century avant-garde pioneers who tried to combine the utopian vision of a better future with new perspectives occasioned by the advent of human flight. The 1920s and 1930s are considered the golden age of American aviation. They are believed to have ushered in new spacial dynamics that were supposed to result in the introduction of the city of tomorrow. The present Irma Kozina article examines the relationship between the enthusiasm for aerial vision expressed in the Futurama project prepared by Bel Geddes for the 1939 New York World’s Fair and the utopian concepts of a better future, traditionally created as a certain kind of answer to patriotic jeremiads containing ideas of social optimism, essential for achieving a promise of a better future.
Modifiable Risk Factors for Dementia: The Role of Gut Microbiota
Authors: Cabrera Cristian , Vicens Paloma , Torrente Margarita
Published: December 2021

:

Dementia is a syndrome resulting from chronic or progressive brain disease. Around 40% of worldwide dementia can be prevented or delayed by modifying 12 risk factors: low educational attainment in early life, mid-life hypertension, mid-life obesity, hearing loss, traumatic brain injury, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, depression, physical inactivity, social isolation, diabetes mellitus, and air pollution. There is growing evidence that gastrointestinal tract microbiota may significantly contribute to dementia pathogenesis. In particular, gut dysbiosis can trigger metabolic diseases and the progression of low-grade systemic inflammation, being involved in much of the major modifiable risk factors. In this review, we focus on studies that have evaluated the association between modifiable risk factors for dementia and the role of gut microbiota. We also suggest clinical implications for researchers in dementia-gut microbiota related fields.
Double-edged Role of KNa Channels in Brain Tuning: Identifying Epileptogenic
Network Micro-Macro Disconnection
Authors: Liu Ru , Sun Lei , Wang Yunfu , Jia Meng , Wang Qun , Cai Xiang , Wu Jianping
Published: December 2021

:

Epilepsy is commonly recognized as a disease driven by generalized hyperexcited and hypersynchronous neural activity. Sodium-activated potassium channels (KNa channels), which are encoded by the Slo 2.2 and Slo 2.1 genes, are widely expressed in the central nervous system and considered as “brakes” to adjust neuronal adaptation through regulating action potential threshold or after-hyperpolarization under physiological condition. However, the variants in KNa channels, especially gain-of-function variants, have been found in several childhood epileptic conditions. Most previous studies focused on mapping the epileptic network on the macroscopic scale while ignoring the value of microscopic changes. Notably, paradoxical role of KNa channels working on individual neuron/microcircuit and the macroscopic epileptic expression highlights the importance of understanding epileptogenic network through combining microscopic and macroscopic methods. Here, we first illustrated the molecular and physiological function of KNa channels on preclinical seizure models and patients with epilepsy. Next, we summarized current hypothesis on the potential role of KNa channels during seizures to provide essential insight into what emerged as a micro-macro disconnection at different levels. Additionally, we highlighted the potential utility of KNa channels as therapeutic targets for developing innovative anti-seizure medications.
Modelling Cell Growth and Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Polymer Synthesis
by Pseudomonas Putida LS46 under Oxygen-Limiting Conditions
Authors: Sharifyazd Shabnam , Asadzadeh Masoud , Levin David B.
Published: December 2021

Background:

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable, biocompatible, and
non-toxic polymers synthesized by bacteria that may be used to displace some petroleum-based
plastic materials. One of the major barriers to the commercialization of PHA biosynthesis is the
high cost of production.

Objective:

Oxygen-limitation is known to greatly influence bacterial cell growth and PHA production.
In this study, the growth and synthesis of medium chain length PHAs (mcl-PHAs) by Pseudomonas
putida LS46, cultured in batch-mode with octanoic acid, under oxygen-limited conditions,
was modeled.

Methods:

Four models, including the Monod model, incorporated Leudeking-Piret (MLP), the
Moser model incorporated Leudeking-Piret (Moser-LP), the Logistic model incorporated Leudeking-
Piret (LLP), and the Modified Logistic model incorporated Leudeking-Piret (MLLP) were investigated.
Kinetic parameters of each model were calibrated using the multi-objective optimization
algorithm, Pareto Archived Dynamically Dimensioned Search (PA-DDS), by minimizing the
sum of absolute error (SAE) for PHA production and growth simultaneously.

Results and Conclusions:

Among the four models, MLP and Moser-LP models adequately represented
the experimental data for oxygen-limited conditions. However, the MLP and Moser-LP models
could not adequately simulate PHA production under oxygen-excess conditions. Modeling cell
growth and PHA will assist in the development of a strategy for industrial-scale production.
SARS-CoV-2 Therapeutic Landscape, Opportunity and Future Threats
Authors: Sharma Om P. , Seiz Werner , Scheele Juergen
Published: December 2021

During the past two decades, the world has seen several known and novel zoonotic viruses and deadly bacterial diseases, such as West Nile Virus (1999 to 2002), Anthrax (2001), H1N1(2009), Ebola (2014), Zika Virus (2016), SARS-CoV (2002), MERS-CoV (2012) and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019. The current ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is completely unpredicted and it has hugely changed our health care systems, global economy and social lifestyles. SARS-CoV-2 is still under genetic evolution and getting mutated to escape our immune system and showing resistance against available therapies. In this current research work, we have examined all publicly available scientific literature to date to understand the genetic evaluation of coronavirus species and their transmission possibilities to humans. We have also explored recently reported mutations of concerns in viral spike glycoprotein. We then discussed various SARS-CoV-2 preclinical and clinical research breakthroughs and highlighted our limitations and readiness to combat this deadly disease. Based on our recent study, we have emphasized developing a global viral, fungi and microbes platform. It can help us to predict mutations on their genomic, structural and pathophysiological profile to better address early on future threats by such infectious agents.
Atenuação de atos de fala diretivos em livros de PLE os procedimentos acompanhantes
Authors: Marcos Patrícia Mariano , Pinheiro-Correa Paulo
Published: December 2021

In this paper, a specific pragmatic type of request mitigation strategies (orders and requests) is analyzed in the dialogues of two Portuguese textbooks for foreigners, namely, the accompanying procedures, as classified by Kerbrat-Orecchioni (2005, 2006). The work is based on speech acts theory (Austin, 1962/1990; Searle, 1979/2002), on Goffman’s (1967/1980) concept of face and on Brown and Levinson’s (1987) concepts of positive and negative politeness. The results showed that mitigation strategies included not only lexical resources but also reformulation procedures and that the use of moderators, such as “please”, was among the most used lexical mitigation resources. The results also point out failures in the pragmatic treatment of the issue in the books analyzed.
Psycho-lexically based Openness to Experience
Authors: De Raad Boele , Mulder B.F. , Barelds Dick P.H.
Published: December 2021

We investigated whether NEO-PI-R Openness to Experience (Costa & McCrae, 1992) and its six facets could be identified in the natural trait lexicon. To represent the NEO-PI-R Openness, a list of 113 items was selected from a lexically derived trait list developed for the eight-factor trait model of De Raad and Barelds (2008). We used ratings from two samples. The first (N=271) filled out the lexical Openness scales, the NEO-PI-R Openness scales, and scales measuring the eight-factor model. From the second sample (N=1,466), ratings were used to analyze the lexical Openness scales. Correlations between the eight-factor scales and the two sets of Openness scales indicated that Openness scales are fairly covered by the eight factors, except for the Ideas and Values facets of the NEO-PI-R. The lexical Openness scales correlated well with the NEO-PI-R Openness scales. Openness to Experience and its six facets were identified in the natural trait lexicon, but exploratory factor analyses did not support the six-facet structure of the NEO-PI-R Openness, neither did they lead to a similar six-facet structure across samples. Moreover, it did not consistently support a proposed two-facet structure emphasizing internal openness (fantasy, aesthetics) and external openness (ideas, change).
Strategies to Address the Lack of Labeled Data for Supervised Machine Learning Training With Electronic Health Records: Case Study for the Extraction of Symptoms From Clinical Notes
Authors: Humbert-Droz Marie , Mukherjee Pritam , Gevaert Olivier
Published: December 2021

Background

Automated extraction of symptoms from clinical notes is a challenging task owing to the multidimensional nature of symptom description. The availability of labeled training data is extremely limited owing to the nature of the data containing protected health information. Natural language processing and machine learning to process clinical text for such a task have great potential. However, supervised machine learning requires a great amount of labeled data to train a model, which is at the origin of the main bottleneck in model development.

Objective

The aim of this study is to address the lack of labeled data by proposing 2 alternatives to manual labeling for the generation of training labels for supervised machine learning with English clinical text. We aim to demonstrate that using lower-quality labels for training leads to good classification results.

Methods

We addressed the lack of labels with 2 strategies. The first approach took advantage of the structured part of electronic health records and used diagnosis codes (International Classification of Disease–10th revision) to derive training labels. The second approach used weak supervision and data programming principles to derive training labels. We propose to apply the developed framework to the extraction of symptom information from outpatient visit progress notes of patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Results

We used >500,000 notes for training our classification model with International Classification of Disease–10th revision codes as labels and >800,000 notes for training using labels derived from weak supervision. We show that the dependence between prevalence and recall becomes flat provided a sufficiently large training set is used (>500,000 documents). We further demonstrate that using weak labels for training rather than the electronic health record codes derived from the patient encounter leads to an overall improved recall score (10% improvement, on average). Finally, the external validation of our models shows excellent predictive performance and transferability, with an overall increase of 20% in the recall score.

Conclusions

This work demonstrates the power of using a weak labeling pipeline to annotate and extract symptom mentions in clinical text, with the prospects to facilitate symptom information integration for a downstream clinical task such as clinical decision support.
Adoption of artificial intelligence in precision matching of donor sperm during assisted reproduction process (Preprint)
Authors: Qiling Wang
Published: December 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

An artificial intelligence (AI) based sperm donor humanized matching system was launched to meet infertile patients' requirements on personalized physical appearance of the expected sperm donor such as blood type, origin, ethnicity, height, weight, body build, skin color, hair, face shape, nose bridge, eyelids, iris color, lips, etc. Relying on high-speed 5G networks, the AI matching information in an encoded pattern is fed back to patients in real time and ranked according to similarity. To date, the highest similarity is up to 96%. This system can provide high efficiency and accuracy and avoid the drawbacks of previous manual operations which were tedious, slow and error-prone. In addition, the system helps patients carrying genetic mutations (including thalassemia, spinal muscular atrophy) avoid off-springs’ genetic diseases by matching donors who are qualified by further genetic testing. This system sets a good example of the smart medical market which can also play an important role in addressing patients' personalized medical requirements in addition to aiding in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
Association between sleep duration on the night before surgery and postoperative cognitive function: a prospective cohort study (Preprint)
Authors: Takamino Ayasa , Kotoda Masakazu , Nakadate Yosuke , Hishiyama Sohei , Iijima Tetsuya , Matsukawa Takashi
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

As the world is rapidly aging, and the number of elderly patients who undergo surgery is rising, postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) among those patients has become an increasing healthcare problem. Although understanding risk factors and mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of POCD is critically important from a preventative viewpoint, such knowledge and evidence are lacking.
A growing body of evidence suggest an association between cognitive function and sleep duration. The emergence of up-to-date wearable sleep trackers allows researchers to investigate sleep duration without disturbing the patients’ sleep.

OBJECTIVE

This study investigated the association between sleep duration on the night before surgery and postoperative cognitive function using a wearable sleep tracker.

METHODS

In this 6-month prospective cohort study, we analyzed data from 194 patients aged ≥65 years who underwent elective non-cardiac and non-cranial surgery under general anesthesia. According to the sleep duration on the night before surgery, patients were categorized into following four groups: <5 h, 5–7 h, 7–9 h, and >9 h. Perioperative cognitive function and domains were assessed using a neuropsychological test battery, and the incidence and prevalence of POCD over 6 months after surgery were analyzed using the multiple logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS

During the 6-month follow-up period, 41 patients (21%) developed POCD. The incidence of POCD was significantly elevated for the patients with sleep duration less than 5 h (vs. 7–9 h; adjusted odds ratio, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.01–7.04; P <.05). The association between sleep duration and prevalence of POCD was limited to the early postoperative period (at 1 week and 1 month). Among the cognitive domains assessed, attentional function was significantly impaired in patients with a sleep duration of less than 5 h. [vs. 7–9 h at 1 week; 4/37 (10.8%) vs. 0/73 (0%); P <.05].

CONCLUSIONS

Sleep duration less than 5 h on the night before surgery was significantly associated with worse attentional function after surgery and higher incidence of POCD. The present results indicate that sleep deprivation on the night before surgery may have a temporary but significantly negative influence on the patient’s postoperative cognitive function and is a potential target for preventing POCD.

CLINICALTRIAL

N/A
Prevalence and Pattern of Using Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Saudi Diabetic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Aljulifi Mohammed , Alfhaid Fahad , Alshahrani Awadh , Albatil Khawlah Abdullah , Aljthalin Raseel Abdulaziz , Alloboon Farah Modlej , Aljthalin Raneem Abdulaziz , Aljagwani Arwa Sulaiman , Alenzi Dareen Abdulellah
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Diabetes mellitus is a common disease in Saudi Arabia and is a risk factor for complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use. Many studies have assessed the herbs used by patients with diabetes, but few have assessed CAM use in general.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to determine the prevalence and pattern of CAM use among patients with diabetes in Saudi Arabia.

METHODS

This study is a cross-sectional study targeting the adult Saudi population and was conducted in King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

RESULTS

The sample size was 341 patients; 43% of the patients had type 1 diabetes. Twenty-six percent of them had used one or more types of CAM. Approximately 52.57% of CAM users had an A1C of 9% or more. Fifty-one percent of CAM users mentioned that their diabetes was better with CAM usage. The most commonly used herbal products in this study were black cumin (41.57%), followed by fenugreek (28%), myrrh (23.6%), Frankincense (22.4%), cinnamon (15%), garlic (15%), and onion (15%). Older age and employment are predictors of CAM use in Saudi patients with diabetes. The main sources of CAM were family and friends.

CONCLUSIONS

CAM use is still common in Saudi patients with diabetes. Old age and employment are the main predictors of CAM use. Determining CAM use is an important part of clinical encounters, especially in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Intervensi penatalaksanaan gizi dalam meningkatkan kadar hemoglobin dan tumbuh kembang balita stunting
Authors: Gunawan Delima Citra Dewi , Yuliati Endri
Published: December 2021

The intervention of nutrition management can increase hemoglobin levels and development on stunting toddlerBackground: The prevalence of stunting remains high in Indonesia. Stunting has serious effects on children such as increased morbidity, mortality, and decreasing physical and cognitive capability. Objectives: To analyze the effect of the nutrition care process on nutritional status, hemoglobin, and development on stunting children. Methods: This quasi-experimental study used a non-randomized pre and post-test with a control group design. Fortyfour children under five were divided into 2 groups; the intervention group received the nutrition care process for 3 months, while a control group received a leaflet. Nutritional status was determined by body weight for age, hemoglobin concentration using finger test stick, and development using a questionnaire. Results: There were significant differences (p<0.05) in weight for age between the two groups, both before and after the intervention. However, the differences of weight for an age before and after intervention in each group were not significant (p=0.184 and p=0.130). The increase of hemoglobin concentration between before and after intervention in the intervention group was statistically significant (p=0.008). On the other hand, there was a significant decrease in hemoglobin concentration in a control group (p=0.003). There was an increase of subjects having accordance development, from 9 to 15 subjects in the intervention group. The development between before and after the intervention was significantly different (p=0.03), but not in the control group (p=0.78). Conclusions: The nutrition care process could accelerate the improvement of hemoglobin concentration and development, but not on the nutritional status of stunting children.
The Building Information Modeling (BIM)-Based System Framework to Implement Circular Economy in Construction Waste Management
Authors: Handayani Tantri N. , Kartika Nur Rahma Putri  , Nurul Alvia Istiqomah  , Veerasak Likhitruangsilp
Published: December 2021

The tremendous quantity of waste produced from construction and demolition is a major cause of environmental degradation. This quantity tends to increase due to the rapid growth of building development and renovation. Meanwhile, construction waste management is a complex and costly process due to the fact that it requires different kinds of resources such as money, land, and technology. It is often ignored by all project participants even though it is an essential element of construction project management. However, it has been discovered that modern construction waste management is structured based on the concept of circular economy which focuses on eliminating construction waste and maximizing the value of materials. Therefore, this research proposes an innovative framework to implement the circular economy using building information modeling (BIM) in order to improve the construction waste management process. This involved a thorough review of past literature to identify the implementation of the concept of circular economy, waste management, and the application of BIM, also the research gaps observed were used to develop the functionality of the proposed framework. The five functionalities include (1) visualization and data integration, (2) direct construction waste quantity take-off, (3) BIM-based sorting system and selection of appropriate disposal parties, (4) estimating cost and schedule of waste disposal, and (5) simulation and monitoring report. This BIM system was designed to analyze material waste, quantity, disposal time, and waste treatment based on project conditions, material quantities, and schedule. It can also be used to plan and monitor the construction waste process, thereby making it possible to avoid the disruption of productivity and project time usually caused by unplanned waste management activities. Moreover, the proposed on-site sorting system also has the ability to facilitate the adoption of the circular economy concept during the construction phase.
World monies or money-worlds: A new perspective on cryptocurrencies and their moneyness
Authors: Hayes Adam
Published: December 2021

This essay makes the case that current debates about the ‘moneyness’ of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies are occurring at the incorrect scale. Rather than being some form of transnational digital money to be used alongside or compete with national fiat currencies, I argue that, instead, each cryptocurrency represents its own self-contained ‘money-world’. Put differently, a cryptocurrency is the uniquely specified unit of account and medium of exchange within the socio-technical bounds of its own blockchain. This new perspective can open new lines of intellectual dialogue and inform better policy choices for regulating cryptocurrencies.
The earliest transverse grooved stones of Eurasia: Near Eastern distribution, types and chronology
Authors: Usacheva Irina
Published: December 2021

Transverse grooved stones (TGS) believed to be used as shaft straighteners, first made their appearance at Epipalaeolithic sites in the Near East from where they spread to the Mediterranean coasts of Africa and Europe, but mostly to Northern Eurasia (the steppe, forest-steppe, and semi-desert zones). It has been discovered that the spread of TGA has been carried out along different paths.  Moreover, grooved stones along each of these transmission routes can be distinguished by their unique decorative and morphological characteristics.

The aim of this paper is to clarify the circumstances and the date of appearance of the first TGS, localization of their initial areas, and identification of their respective decorative and morphological features. This is a necessary condition for identifying the starting points of the subsequent transit carriers of TGS' tradition and tracing the directions of interaction in Eurasia during the end of the Pleistocene – the first half of the Holocene period using TGS as markers.

The initial database was formed on the basis of the scientific publications on the Near East. The following is a presentation of the analytical review of at least 200 grooved stones and 80 sites in their starting area in south-western Asia. The analysis used a systematic approach with emphasis on chronology, environment, petrography, morphology, functional-typological data where such were available, and TGS’ decor.  But first of all, the study pays attention to the distribution of TGS and their cultural and chronological boundaries in this region.  For this purpose, it was performed the mapping of findings in two chronological levels – up to 8000 thousand BCE and after, with the marking of decorated products.

The results enabled us to detect that the geographical spread of grooved artefacts of this type is limited in the Near East to the area of central Anatolia and Fertile Crescent, with a boundary along the desert-steppes. At least three concentrations can be clearly distinguished: the Levant, Zagros Mountains, and Upper Mesopotamia - central Anatolia, where the products are characterized by specific features of decorative and morphological design and in one case (Levant) an additional observed petrographic specificity. Currently, the earliest cases are recorded in Early Natufian contexts in the Levant and in Epipalaeolithic contexts of the Anatolian plateau since the 13th millennium cal BCE. Thus, one can confidently state that the introduction of TGS in the Middle East is generally linked to the Epipalaeolithic sites (Natufian, Harifian, and Western Zarzian) and is definitely associated with hunter-gatherers. The heyday of TGS falls on the PPNA and lasts to the beginning of the early Bronze Age, when they finally disappear.
Geografizar La tierra pródiga
Authors: Martínez Barragán Hirineo , Martínez Ramírez Bárbara Romina
Published: December 2021

El propósito principal del presente texto es retomar, desde la obra literaria La tierra pródiga de Agustín Yáñez, un espacio geográfico que tiene su existencia real en el estado de Jalisco y dentro de una de las regiones donde se inserta el discurso del progreso documentado a través del proceso de electrificación, la construcción de carreteras y la incorporación de infraestructura diversa en el lugar, entre los años de 1960 y 1990. Mediante la interrelación de documentos consultados, como la cartografía de CETENAL (1974-1976), informes gubernamentales, bibliografía y hemerografía especializada, así como la realización de recorridos de campo, observación participante y entrevistas a los lugareños con la intención de realizar lecturas de paisajes, se plantearon los objetivos del trabajo: ampliar el conocimiento de la zona y motivar el interés del público especializado por conocerla mejor y seguir estudiándola. Así, se busca interactuar con lo que el autor literario especificaba como una zona en constante conflicto, relacionando los significados de sus recursos naturales y la poca intervención pública. En ese sentido, “geografizar” aquí se entiende como la utilización de los elementos que la novela nos brinda a través de un lenguaje geográfico, donde los lugares a los que hace referencia cobran relevancia y son reconocidos como territorios “reales” a través de un sustento con elementos de valoración literaria.
Christoph Menke, Fuerza. Un concepto fundamental de la antropología estética
Authors: Garnica Naím
Published: December 2021

Las reseñas bibliográficas no cuentan con resumen
A Study to Assess the Knowledge on Respectful Maternal Care Among the Health Workers Working in Selected Hospital/Health Centers at Meerut
Authors: Mathew Ms. Blessy
Published: December 2021

Abstract: The pregnancy and mother hood is the right of a women. During the time of labour, the women suffer shouting, slapping, pinching, hitting, and also application of extreme fundal pressure which is against human rights. Respectful maternity care (RMC) is a rightful expectation of every woman. Care during this period needs to encompass basic human rights, including the rights to respect, dignity, confidentiality, information and informed consent, the right to the highest attainable standard of health, and freedom from discrimination and from all forms of ill-treatment including making abuse to mother in labour including lack of treatment with dignity, delivery by unqualified personnel, lack of privacy, demand for informal payments, and lack of basic infrastructure, hygiene, and sanitation . Objectives 1) To assess the knowledge on respectful maternity care among the health worker. 2) To determine the association between the knowledge on respectful maternity care with the selected demographic variable. Hypothesis H1-There will be significant difference on knowledge about respectful maternity care. H2-There will be significant association between the knowledge and the socio demographic variable. Methodology: A descriptive research design was undertaken for this study. The population of the study consists of health workers at selected hospitals of Meerut. With the sample size of 30 were selected by using non probability convenient sampling. Result: Among 30 Health Workers Sample 15(50%) Were Having Moderate Knowledge ,12(40%) Were Having Adequate Knowledge and Only 03(10%) Were Having Inadequate Knowledge About Respectful Maternity Care. And there was significant association with number of deliveries whereas there is no significant association between age, sex, education, years of experience, area of working and attending any midwifery related training Conclusion: The study concluded that the most of the health workers are having moderate knowledge regarding the respectful maternity care and there was significant association among the students. Keywords: Respectful maternity care, assess, knowledge
A Study on Different Software Used to Perform Cyber Crime
Authors: Malik Nabila
Published: December 2021

Abstract: Software used to perform Cyber Crime are the most emerging subject in the field of Forensic Science. Today, the demand of computer and other electronic devices have increased. This creates an increase in Cyber crime and its awareness. This paper provides you vast information about methods of Cyber crime, Software used to perform cyber crime and a research study on them. In this paper you will also learn how can a software and its algorithm perform, what footprints your device left, what are the loopholes which help that software. This will help you for a better understanding of the software which were used to perform cyber crime and how can you prevent yourself from such activities. If you are a Forensic Expert than you will learn about the software tools which are used in computer forensic. I have analyzed many tools and I will share my study in this paper. After reading you will come to know how forensic science expert backup a hard drive, or how hackers steal your information.1 Keywords: Cybercrime, Hacking, Ethical hacking, Virus, Security, Cyber Security, Network Security.
An Enhanced Approach for Sentiment Analysis Using Association Rule Mining
Authors: Sharma Abhishek
Published: December 2021

Abstract: In today’s world social networking platforms like Facebook, YouTube, twitter etc. are a great source of communication for internet users and loaded with large number of emotions, views and opinions of the people. Sentiment analysis is the study of attitudes, emotions and opinions of the people and is also known as opinion mining. Sentiment analysis is used to find the opinion i.e. negative or positive about a particular subject. In this paper an Enhanced sentiment analysis approach is presented by using the Association rule mining i.e. Apriori and machine learning approach such as Support Vector Machine. The Enhanced approach is compared with the baseline approach, on accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score measures. The Enhanced approach for sentiment analysis is implemented using the R programming language. The Enhanced approach shows better performance in comparison to the baseline approach. Keyword: Sentiment Analysis, Opinion Mining, Support Vector Machine, Association Rule Mining, Machine Learning
Program Bimbingan Belajar bagi Siswa Sekolah Dasar pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Desa Paling Serumpun
Authors: Saltifa Iin , Nasution Eline Yanty Putri
Published: December 2021

Bimbingan belajar dari rumah sangat diperlukan pada saat ini terlebih di masa pandemi covid-19, dimana semua kegiatan pembelajaran dilaksanakan secara daring. Kemendikbud menerbitkan peraturan agar semua kegiatan pembelajaran dilakukan di sekolah diganti dengan pembelajaran dari rumah masing-masing siswa. Pada proses pembelajaran dari rumah siswa membutuhkan bimbingan dari orang tua maupun walinya untuk mendampingi siswa dalam belajar. Bimbingan belajar yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa KKN DR-BPM di tahun 2021 ini adalah bentuk pengabdian masyarakat dalam membantu siswa yang kesulitan dan memiliki kendala dalam proses belajar dari rumah pada masa pandemi covid-19 ini. Metode yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan bimbingan belajar ini yaitu metode ceramah dan diskusi secara face to face dengan menggunakan pendekatan pendampingan dan pendidikan berkelanjutan. Program bimbingan belajar yang dilaksanakan memberikan peningkatan pengetahuan bagi peserta didik yang mengalami kesulitan dalam proses belajar secara daring.
ABSTRACT Tutoring learning from home is very necessary at this time, especially during the covid-19 pandemic, where all learning activities are carried out online. The Ministry of Education and Culture issues regulations so that all learning activities carried out in schools are replaced with learning from each student's home. In the learning process from home, students need guidance from their parents and guardians to assist students in learning. Through the "Smart House" tutoring conducted by DR-BPM KKN students in 2021 as a form of community service, they can help students who have difficulties and have obstacles in the learning process from home during this covid-19 pandemic. The method used in the implementation of this tutoring is the face to face method and uses a mentoring and continuing education approach. The tutoring program implemented provides increased knowledge for students who have difficulty in the online learning process.
KEYWORDS Tutoring, Elementary School Students, Covid-19 Pandemic