bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FIGURE 1 from De Novo Purine Metabolism is a Metabolic Vulnerability of Cancers with Low p16 Expression
Authors: Tangudu Naveen Kumar , Buj Raquel , Wang Hui , Wang Jiefei , Cole Aidan R. , Uboveja Apoorva , Fang Richard , Amalric Amandine , Yang Baixue , Chatoff Adam , Crispim Claudia V. , Sajjakulnukit Peter , Lyons Maureen A. , Cooper Kristine , Hempel Nadine , Lyssiotis Costas A. , Chandran Uma R. , Snyder Nathaniel W. , Aird Katherine M.
Published: May 2024

Multiple CRISPR KO screens identify nucleotide metabolism genes that are selectively depleted in p16/CDKN2Alow cells. A, Schematic of our CRISPR screens. p16/Cdkn2a wildtype cells were infected with lentiviruses expressing shGFP control (shCont), shp16 (human), or shCdkn2a (mouse). Human and mouse isogenic cell pairs were infected with nucleotide-focused or whole metabolism-focused CRISPR gRNA libraries, respectively, at an MOI of <0.3. After 14 days in culture, gDNA was harvested and sequenced. Analysis of genes included in the “nucleotide metabolism signature” (Supplementary Table S1) identified multiple genes that are negatively enriched in shp16/shCdkn2a vs. shCont in human SKMEL28 (B) and mouse Yumm5.2 (C) melanoma cells. Raw data can be found in Supplementary Tables S3 and S4. D, Comparison of datasets and list of 31 common genes negatively enriched (log2 fold change <0) in the indicated analyses.
Comparative Epigenetic Profiling Reveals Distinct Features of Mucosal Melanomas Associated with Immune Cell Infiltration and Their Clinical Implications
Authors: Dai Jie , Jia Jia , Zhang Fanshuang , Liu Kaihua , Xi Yanfeng , Yuan Pei , Mao Lili , Bai Xue , Wei Xiaoting , Wang Bingning , Li Jiangtao , Xu Yang , Liu Ting , Chang Shuang , Shao Yang , Guo Jun , Ying Jianming , Si Lu
Published: May 2024

Mucosal melanoma exhibits limited responsiveness to anti-PD-1 therapy. However, a subgroup of mucosal melanomas, particularly those situated at specific anatomic sites like primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus (PMME), display remarkable sensitivity to anti-PD-1 treatment. The underlying mechanisms driving this superior response and the DNA methylation patterns in mucosal melanoma have not been thoroughly investigated. We collected tumor samples from 50 patients with mucosal melanoma, including 31 PMME and 19 non-esophageal mucosal melanoma (NEMM). Targeted bisulfite sequencing was conducted to characterize the DNA methylation landscape of mucosal melanoma and explore the epigenetic profiling differences between PMME and NEMM. Bulk RNA sequencing and multiplex immunofluorescence staining were performed to confirm the impact of methylation on gene expression and immune microenvironment. Our analysis revealed distinct epigenetic signatures that distinguish mucosal melanomas of different origins. Notably, PMME exhibited distinct epigenetic profiling characterized by a global hypermethylation alteration compared with NEMM. The prognostic model based on the methylation scores of a 7-DMR panel could effectively predict the overall survival of patients with PMME and potentially serve as a prognostic factor. PMME displayed a substantial enrichment of immune-activating cells in contrast to NEMM. Furthermore, we observed hypermethylation of the TERT promoter in PMME, which correlated with heightened CD8+ T-cell infiltration, and patients with hypermethylated TERT were likely to have improved responses to immunotherapy. Our results indicated that PMME shows a distinct methylation landscape compared with NEMM, and the epigenetic status of TERT might be used to estimate prognosis and direct anti-PD-1 treatment for mucosal melanoma.

Significance:

This study investigated the intricate epigenetic factor of mucosal melanomas contributed to the differential immune checkpoint inhibitor response, and found that PMME exhibited a global hypermethylation pattern and lower gene expression in comparison to NEMM. TERT hypermethylation may contribute to the favorable responses observed in patients with mucosal melanoma undergoing immunotherapy.
Successful Postnatal Tracheobronchoplasty for Unilateral Congenital High Airway Obstruction Syndrome due to Mainstem Bronchial Atresia
Authors: Crombleholme Timothy M. , Smith Jennifer D. , Eapen Reenu , Al-Kubaisi Maythem , Magee Kevin
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Unilateral congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS) is caused by a complete obstruction of a mainstem bronchus with resulting hyperinflation and accelerated growth of one lung, severe mediastinal shift, and hydrops. Spontaneous perforation of the atresia has been observed in CHAOS which allows hydrops to resolve but hyperinflation, mediastinal shift and a critical airway obstruction persists as the perforation is usually pinhole-sized. Case Presentation: We present a case of unilateral CHAOS presenting at 26 2/7 weeks with observed-to-expected total lung volume (O/E TLV) of 203% with spontaneous perforation occurring at 28 weeks with resolution of hydrops but persistence of hyperinflation and mediastinal shift with an O/E TLV of 60.5% on 34 5/7 weeks’ magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), successfully managed in a 35 5/7 weeks, 1,670 gm, growth restricted baby, by venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) and resection of the tracheobronchial atresia and tracheobronchoplasty on day of life 5. The baby was separated from ECMO on post-op day 12, required tracheostomy for positive end expiratory pressure for tracheomalacia at 4 months. Conclusion: At 2 years of age, she has met all developmental milestones, has been weaned to room air tracheostomy collar, and has been anticipating tracheal decannulation. There is persistent bronchiectasis in the hyperinflated right lung but no malacia. This is the first reported survivor of mainstem bronchial atresia suggesting the importance of preservation of the hyperplastic lung and airway reconstruction to normal long-term outcome.
Stability and Compatibility of an Intramuscular Fetal Anesthetic Cocktail for Fetal Intervention
Authors: Ross Emma L. , Wood Cristina L. , Wempe Michael F.
Published: May 2024

Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate chemical stability and physical compatibility when combining fentanyl, rocuronium, and atropine in a fixed ratio to support intramuscular drug delivery during fetal intervention and surgery. Methods: A highly concentrated combination of fentanyl, rocuronium, and atropine was created based on common prescribing practices at a maternal-fetal care center. Chemical stability testing was completed using liquid chromatograph mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) to detect and quantitate atropine, rocuronium, and fentanyl, with fentanyl-d5 being an internal standard at 6, 12, 24, and 36 h following sample preparation. Physical compatibility testing was completed using United States Pharmacopeia (USP) <788> recommended analytical technique of light obscuration in addition to novel backgrounded membrane imaging at 6 and 24 h following sample preparation. Physical compatibility was determined using USP <788> particle count limits for both techniques. Results: Based on LC/MS-MS results, the samples retained expected medication concentrations at all time points tested. For physical compatibility testing, the particle counts met criteria to be considered compatible per USP <788> large-volume particle count thresholds at 6 h by both methods but exceeded tolerable thresholds at 24 h. Discussion/Conclusion: The combination of rocuronium, fentanyl, and atropine for intramuscular fetal administration is physically compatible and chemically stable for 6 h.
Service Quality, Patient Satisfaction, and Improvement Indicators
Authors: Mabini Jr. Silvestre P. , Narsico Lalaine O. , Narsico Peter G.
Published: May 2024

The study delves into the intricate symbiotic relationship between service providers and customers, which becomes increasingly complex amid competitive landscapes.  It counts on the service provider’s capability to deliver exceptional service that fosters a unique customer satisfaction that not only encourages repeat patronage but also prompts referrals to others. The study sought to determine the presence of a correlation between the quality of service delivered by medical staff and patients' satisfaction levels by using the SERVQUAL model with 22 slightly modified indicators spread across five service quality dimensions that include reliability, assurance, tangibles, empathy, and responsiveness. The research was conducted within the confines of a hospital in Cebu. 314 patisents consented to participate in the data collection process. A survey was conducted to gather data on service delivery and another was conducted for patient satisfaction. Multiple regression analysis and Dublin-Watson test were used to compute correlations and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to compute the significance of difference. The following items are the findings. The five dimensions of service quality are above average and the service quality rating in its entirety was 3.756. Patient satisfaction was above average with a rating of 3.131. All the service quality dimensions were statistically correlated with patient satisfaction. Service quality in its entirety was statically correlated with patient satisfaction. There was a significant difference between service quality in its entirety and patient satisfaction. Finally, the ratings suggest that improvements were needed in all service dimensions, and because of high patient expectations improvements are both necessary and urgent.
Evinacumab and Cardiovascular Outcome in Patients With Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Béliard Sophie , Saheb Samir , Litzler-Renault Stéphanie , Vimont Alexandre , Valero René , Bruckert Éric , Farnier Michel , Gallo Antonio
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) remain at very high cardiovascular risk despite the best standard of care lipid-lowering treatment. The addition of evinacumab, an angiopoietin-like protein 3 monoclonal antibody, more than halves low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in short-term studies. This study evaluated whether the evinacumab response was durable in the long term and improved cardiovascular outcome.

METHODS:

The OLE ELIPSE HoFH (Open-Label Extension to Evinacumab Lipid Studies in Patients With HoFH) study included newly diagnosed patients and those completing the ELIPSE HoFH trial, on stable lipid-lowering therapy including lipoprotein apheresis but not lomitapide. All patients received evinacumab (15 mg/kg intravenously) every 4 weeks, with no change in concomitant lipid-lowering treatment during the first 6 months. The primary efficacy end points were the mean absolute and percentage changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol from baseline to 6 months. A key secondary end point was cardiovascular event–free survival, which was compared with a control HoFH cohort not treated with evinacumab or lomitapide and matched for age, sex, and lipoprotein apheresis, derived from French Registry of Familial hypercholesterolemia.

RESULTS:

Twelve patients, 5 women and 7 men (12–57 years), were enrolled in 3 centers in France. At 6 months, the mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction with evinacumab was 3.7 mmol/L or 56% (from 6.5 mmol/L at baseline to 2.8 mmol/L;
P
<0.0001) and was sustained over the median 3.5-year follow-up. No patients on evinacumab experienced cardiovascular events versus 13 events for 5/21 (24%) over 4 years in the control cohort (likelihood
P
=0.0267).

CONCLUSIONS:

Real-life, long-term evinacumab adjunctive to lipid-lowering therapy including lipoprotein apheresis led to sustained low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering and improved cardiovascular event–free survival of patients with HoFH.
Macrophage-Derived GSDMD Plays an Essential Role in Atherosclerosis and Cross Talk Between Macrophages via the Mitochondria-STING-IRF3/NF-κB Axis
Authors: Fan Xiaoxi , Han Jibo , Zhong Lingfeng , Zheng Wenyuan , Shao Ruiyin , Zhang Yucong , Shi Si , Lin Shuang , Huang Zhouqing , Huang Weijian , Cai Xueli , Ye Bozhi
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Macrophages play a crucial role in atherosclerotic plaque formation, and the death of macrophages is a vital factor in determining the fate of atherosclerosis. GSDMD (gasdermin D)-mediated pyroptosis is a programmed cell death, characterized by membrane pore formation and inflammatory factor release.

METHODS:

ApoE
−/−

and

Gsdmd
−/−

ApoE
−/−

mice, bone marrow transplantation, and AAV (adeno-associated virus serotype 9)-F4/80-shGSDMD (shRNA-GSDMD) were used to examine the effect of macrophage-derived GSDMD on atherosclerosis. Single-cell RNA sequencing was used to investigate the changing profile of different cellular components and the cellular localization of GSDMD during atherosclerosis.

RESULTS:

First, we found that GSDMD is activated in human and mouse atherosclerotic plaques and

Gsdmd
−/−

attenuates the atherosclerotic lesion area in high-fat diet–fed

ApoE
−/−

mice. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of

ApoE
−/−

and

Gsdmd
−/−

ApoE
−/−

mouse aortas and showed that GSDMD is principally expressed in atherosclerotic macrophages. Using bone marrow transplantation and AAV-F4/80-shGSDMD, we identified the potential role of macrophage-derived GSDMD in aortic pyroptosis and atherosclerotic injuries in vivo. Mechanistically, GSDMD contributes to mitochondrial perforation and mitochondrial DNA leakage and subsequently activates the STING (stimulator of interferon gene)-IRF3 (interferon regulatory factor 3)/NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) axis. Meanwhile, GSDMD regulates the STING pathway activation and macrophage migration via cytokine secretion. Inhibition of GSDMD with GSDMD-specific inhibitor GI-Y1 (GSDMD inhibitor Y1) can effectively alleviate the progression of atherosclerosis.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our study has provided a novel macrophage-derived GSDMD mechanism in the promotion of atherosclerosis and demonstrated that GSDMD can be a potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.
Cheniella tsoongii (Leguminosae: Cercidoideae), a rare, critically endangered new species from southern China
Authors: PENG XIA , JIANG KAI-WEN , FANG TIAN-SONG , GU QIAO-YUN , GU SHI-RAN , XIE ZHI , DUAN LEI , LI SHI-JIN , WANG XIANG-PING , SHI MIAO-MIAO , TU TIE-YAO , ZHANG DIAN-XIANG
Published: May 2024

We describe here a rare, critically endangered new species of the genus Cheniella from Guangdong province of southern China. Cheniella tsoongii is morphologically similar to C. corymbosa, and can be distinguished by having a combination of deeply-bilobed hairy leaves, white flowers, shorter hypanthia, yellow anthers, and densely ferruginous-tomentose inflorescence rachides, pedicles and hypanthia. We suggest assessing the conservation status of the species as Critically Endangered (CR) as it possesses an extremely high risk of extinction based on the rapid population declines during the last century and, only no more than 10 individuals remain in an environmentally unprotected area now. Urgent conservation studies and actions are necessary to prevent the extinction of this species.
Buprestidae (Coleoptera) from Oaxaca State, Mexico
Authors: REYES-GONZÁLEZ ROBERTO , RÖS MATTHIAS , MARTÍNEZ-HERNÁNDEZ JOSÉ GUADALUPE , CORONA-LÓPEZ ANGÉLICA MARÍA
Published: May 2024

A checklist with 246 species, three subspecies, 37 genera, 19 tribes, and four subfamilies of Buprestidae and their distribution in the state of Oaxaca is provided. Acmaeodera crossi Barr, 1992, Chrysobothris viridiimpressa Gory & Laporte, 1837 and Melanophila atra Gory, 1841 are recorded for the first time in the state. Leucaena esculenta (DC.) Benth and Vachellia pennatula (Schltdl. & Cham.) Seigler & Ebinger, are recorded as new adult host plants for two buprestid species in Mexico.
Testing the Sensitivity of a WRF-Based Great Lakes Regional Climate Model to Cumulus Parameterization and Spectral Nudging
Authors: Hutson Abby , Fujisaki-Manome Ayumi , Lofgren Brent
Published: May 2024

The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model is used to dynamically downscale ERA-Interim global reanalysis data to test its performance as a regional climate model (RCM) for the Great Lakes region (GLR). Four cumulus parameterizations and three spectral nudging techniques applied to moisture are evaluated based on 2-m temperature and precipitation accumulation in the Great Lakes drainage basin (GLDB). Results are compared to a control simulation without spectral nudging, and additional analysis is presented showing the contribution of each nudged variable to temperature, moisture, and precipitation. All but one of the RCM test simulations have a dry precipitation bias in the warm months, and the only simulation with a wet bias also has the least precipitation error. It is found that the inclusion of spectral nudging of temperature dramatically improves a cold-season cold bias, and while the nudging of moisture improves simulated annual and diurnal temperature ranges, its impact on precipitation is complicated.

Significance Statement

Global climate models are vital to understanding our changing climate. While many include a coarse representation of the Great Lakes, they lack the resolution to represent effects like lake effect precipitation, lake breeze, and surface air temperature modification. Therefore, using a regional climate model to downscale global data is imperative to correctly simulate the land–lake–atmosphere feedbacks that contribute to regional climate. Modeling precipitation is particularly important because it plays a direct role in the Great Lakes’ water cycle. The purpose of this study is to identify the configuration of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model that best simulates precipitation and temperature in the Great Lakes region by testing cumulus parameterizations and methods of nudging the regional model toward the global model.
History of Suicidality and Pandemic Outcomes: Longitudinal Associations with Anxiety Symptoms, Depressive Symptoms, and Problematic Drinking
Authors: Luk Jeremy W. , Thompson Matthew F. , Novak Laura A. , Stangl Bethany L. , Schwandt Melanie L. , Goldman David , Ramchandani Vijay A. , Diazgranados Nancy
Published: May 2024

Objective

Individuals with a history of suicidality may be especially vulnerable to the adverse impact of COVID‐related stressors, but this vulnerability has not been demonstrated. This study examined the longitudinal effects of suicidality history (ideation only or attempt vs. none) and interactions with COVID‐related stressors (e.g., work interruptions, childcare challenges, and financial stress) on anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and problematic drinking.

Methods

Longitudinal data from 517 participants were drawn from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Natural History Protocol and COVID‐19 Pandemic Impact on Alcohol Study. Lifetime history of suicidality was assessed using the clinician administered Columbia‐Suicide Severity Rating Scale. Multiple regressions tested the interaction between suicidality history and COVID‐related stressors on clinical outcomes.

Results

Compared to individuals without any history of suicidality (79.9%; n = 413), individuals with a history of suicide ideation only (14.5%; n = 75) and suicide attempt (5.6%; n = 29) had higher anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and problematic drinking during the pandemic. Significant interaction effects showed the associations between COVID‐related stressors and mental disorder symptoms were stronger among individuals with suicide attempt history than individuals without suicidality history.

Conclusions

History of suicide attempt in combination with high COVID‐related stressors put individuals at the greatest risk for pandemic mental disorder symptoms. Individuals with suicide attempt history may have lower coping resources to handle COVID‐related stressors. Suicide risk assessment and intervention to increase cognitive flexibility and emotional regulation skills may help these individuals manage emotional distress experienced during the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond.
Spatially Resolved Raman Spectroscopic Investigation of Uranyl Fluoride: A Case Study in the Importance of Instrument Optimization
Authors: Spano Tyler L. , Andrews Hunter B. , Miskowiec Andrew , Beiswenger Toya N. , Manard Benjamin T.
Published: May 2024

Raman spectroscopy is an emerging technique for rapid and nondestructive analysis of nuclear materials for forensic and nonproliferation applications as it is a powerful tool for distinguishing multiple chemical forms of materials with similar stoichiometries. Recent developments in spectroscopic software have enabled rapid data collection with high-speed Raman spectroscopic mapping capabilities. However, some uranium-rich materials are susceptible to degradation in humid air and/or laser-induced phase transformations. To mitigate environmental or measurement-related sample degradation of potential samples of interest, we have taken a systematic approach to define optimized data collection parameters for high-throughput measurements of uranyl fluoride (UO2F2), which is an important intermediate material in the nuclear fuel cycle. First, we systematically describe the influence of optical magnification (5× to 100×), laser power, and exposure time on obtained signal for identical particles of UO2F2 and find that at low laser power and exposure times, comparable signal is obtained regardless of optical magnification. Second, we ensure sample integrity during data collection, and third, collect spectroscopic maps that employ optimized parameters to reduce the time required to obtain spatially resolved spectroscopic information. Reductions of 90% and 99% in measurement times are discussed as they relate to differences in resolving spectroscopic features of particles in identical mapping areas. During this work, we found that additional data processing options were needed and thus developed a customized Python script for importing, processing, analyzing, and visualizing Raman spectroscopic map data.
Longitudinal investigation of restructuring, psychosocial safety climate and burnout in Australian universities during COVID-19 2020–2022
Authors: Potter R. , Afsharian A. , Richter S. , Neser D. , Zadow A. , Dollard M. F. , Lushington K.
Published: May 2024

Australian universities have undergone considerable restructuring within the last few decades such as downsizing, unit amalgamations and adopting new digital work practices. This article draws together industrial relations and organisational psychology literature, exploring restructuring and effects within universities. It presents national data on university restructuring, levels of organisational psychosocial safety climate (PSC), and burnout from 2020 to 2022, from the workers’ perspective. Survey responses were collected across 39 Australian universities at 3 time points: 2020 (n = 2191), 2021 (n = 1731) and 2022 (n = 1373). A large proportion reported ‘high’ levels of restructuring at each data collection phase (2020 = 41%, 2021 = 56% and 2022 = 49%). A multi-level model showed that PSC is an organisational climate predictor of restructuring, and in turn, worker burnout. Hierarchical linear modelling of the longitudinal data revealed significant pathways and a good model fit. Findings suggest that organisations with poor climates for psychological health (i.e. low PSC) are more likely to restructure, which is then associated with higher levels of burnout. Primary-level PSC-focused interventions are needed to prioritise the psychological health of the workforce over persistent productivity concerns, which is the conventional driver of restructuring.
Do Elections Cause Military Spending to Go Up or Down? New International Evidence
Authors: Klomp Jeroen , Haan Jakob de
Published: May 2024

This study explores whether the level of military expenditures is affected by the occurrence of elections. From a theoretical perspective, it is not immediately clear whether, and if so, in which direction, upcoming elections shift military expenditures. On the one hand, the incumbent may try to enhance the likelihood of being re-elected by supporting the domestic defense industry. On the other hand, it might be more attractive to cut defense spending and increase non-defense spending. It is also possible that both effects coexist. We therefore apply the finite mixture model (FMM), which is able to test competing hypotheses. Our results, based on a panel of 93 democratic countries between 1980 and 2018 and Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) data on military spending, yield support for both hypotheses. Countries facing security risks or having a significant defense industry are most likely to expand their defense spending in an election year, while other countries are more likely to reduce their defense expenditure.
Assessment of Level of Awareness and Barriers to Low Vision Rehabilitation Among Optometrists in Pakistan
Authors: Arshad Memoona , Younas Aqsa , Amin Nida
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Low vision rehabilitation provides strategies to substitute for visual impairment and the resultant limitations of low vision by enhancing remaining vision and other sensory or motor abilities in individuals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge of and perceived barriers to providing low vision rehabilitation by optometrists in Pakistan. Methods: In this qualitative, cross-sectional study, a convenient sample of 100 participants was included and a structured, validated, self-administered questionnaire was provided to collect demographic information and to identify the level of knowledge, awareness, and perceived barriers regarding low vision rehabilitation. Data was analyzed using frequency distribution and Pearson's chi-square test to understand the significance of barriers to low vision care provision. Results: A total of 100 participants completed the study questionnaire (59 males, 41 females) with a mean age of 26 (±6.1 SD) years. Eighty-two participants (82%) had an adequate understanding of low vision as per WHO's criteria. However, 47% of participants failed to identify the steps of low vision rehabilitation. Newly graduated practicing optometrists (i.e., those with less than 3 years’ experience) had a significantly better understanding of low vision definition and low vision rehabilitation steps, as compared to more experienced optometrists ( p < .05). Also, those working in private practices were more likely to consider low vision rehabilitation as less profitable ( p = .025, odds ratio = 2.56, CI = 1.1–5.8), compared to those working in hospitals. Discussion: Lack of training and unavailability of low vision devices are major barriers, as perceived by optometrists in Pakistan. Rigorous attempts are needed to educate eye care practitioners specifically optometrists about the availability and usage of low-cost, improved-quality, and up-to-date low vision devices in the country. Implications for practitioners: Continuous professional development through refresher courses is crucial to enhance knowledge of low vision rehabilitation. Educating optometrists to adopt a multidisciplinary and empathetic approach toward patient management may improve patients’ satisfaction and success with rehabilitative services.
Impact of aortic root geometry and degree of aortic calcification on outcomes of patients undergoing TAVI procedure
Authors: Emini Ramiz , Gaisendrees Christopher , Kreft Marie , Liebold Andreas , Bauernschmitt Robert , Merkle-Storms Julia
Published: May 2024

Aims

Adequate differentiation of calcifications in contrast-enhanced CT scans remains difficult to assess TAVI parameters. The size of the aortic leaflets has not been taken into account so far in present studies. The aim of our study was to establish a new method for optimized quantification of the aortic valve calcification degree in contrast-enhanced CT scans for better preoperative prediction of postoperative paravalvular leak after TAVI.

Methods and results

We retrospectively analyzed preoperative contrast-enhanced CT scans of patients who underwent TAVI in our institution between 2014 and 2017. Calcium volume was quantified by a method using contrast enhanced computer tomography (3mensio-Structural Heart-7.2 software) with different iodine contents for better discrimination of contrast agent from calcium and by an individually set Houndsfield Unit (HU) threshold with 50HU above the individually determined reference value. Calcium volume was correlated with surface area of each aortic cusp. Perioperative variables were analyzed. All patients ( n = 150) with severe aortic stenosis were treated with TAVI implantation. Overall incidence of postoperative trace to moderate PVL was 37%. The amount of calcium correlated with the incidence of PVL. In a logistic regression analysis total volume of calcification ( p = .032) as well as calcification of each aortic cusp (NC_ p = .001; RC_ p < .001; LC_ p = .001) were independent predictors.

Conclusions

Calcification degree as well as its correlation with the surface area of each aortic cusp significantly influence incidence of PVL. Our new method improves preoperative quantification of the calcification degree by use of contrast agents with different iodine contents and thereby helps to improve patients’ outcomes.
Effects of linear periodized and non-periodized combined training on body image perception of adults with obesity: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Streb Anne Ribeiro , Vieira Carolina Graef , Leonel Larissa dos Santos , Bertuol Cecília , Tozetto Willen Remon , Benedet Jucemar , Del Duca Giovani Firpo
Published: May 2024

Objective

Verify the effect of non-periodized and linear periodized combined training on body image perception and body dissatisfaction in adults with obesity.

Design

A randomized clinical trial on the effect of two types of combined training periodization was carried out on people with grade I and II obesity.

Setting

Participants were allocated into three groups: non-periodized periodization group, linear periodization group, and control group, with 23 participants in each.

Subjects

Adults with obesity, with a body mass index between 30 kg/m² and 40 kg/m².

Interventions

The intervention lasted 16 weeks (separated into three mesocycles of 4 weeks and 1 week of familiarization), in 3 weekly sessions of 1 hour each, composed of aerobic (30 min) and muscle strength exercises (six exercises) in the same session. The group with non-periodized model maintained uniform intensity, volume, and workload throughout the mesocycles. The group with the linear periodization model started with low initial intensity, subsequently introducing a gradual increase of intensity in the mesocycles.

Main measures

Body image perception (current and ideal silhouette) and body dissatisfaction were assessed using the Stunkard silhouette scale.

Results

The perception of the current silhouette increased only in the control group (Δ = 1.16; p = 0.04). There was a significant reduction in the ideal silhouette over time ( p = 0.001), especially in non-periodized group (Δ = −1.26). Body dissatisfaction increased significantly only over time ( p = 0.001), especially for control group (Δ = 1.47).

Conclusions

Regardless of periodization, combined training effectively maintained the perception of the current silhouette and reduced the ideal silhouette in adults with obesity.

Trial registration

Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (RBR-3c7rt3).
Train Rescheduling of Urban Rail Transit Under Bi-Direction Disruptions in Operation Section
Authors: Sun Yajie , Zhou Weiteng , Long Yuxuan , Qian Lei , Han Baoming
Published: May 2024

As urban rail transit systems expand rapidly and passenger volumes grow, disruptions in operations increasingly occur, leading to adverse effects such as train delays and passenger retention. This paper introduces an organizational scheme to address train rescheduling in urban rail transit during bidirectional operational disruptions. It uses crossovers for short-turning services on either side of the disruption. Train rescheduling following a disruption is categorized into three stages: the disruption response phase, the disruption duration phase, and the recovery phase. This study presents a cooperative adjustment model for the network train timetable with the optimization objectives of reducing total passenger waiting time and the penalty time incurred from exceeding train capacity. The model considers the interrupted line and other lines connected to the interrupted line, employing a genetic algorithm for solution. Real operational data from a local subway line in a city are used as an example to adjust the train operation of urban rail transit with the bidirectional interruption. The results show that the short-turning strategy can better ensure the service level under the urban rail transit disruptions. Furthermore, the network train timetable collaborative adjustment model outperforms strategies that only modify the timetable of the disrupted line, effectively reducing both total passenger waiting time and penalty time for exceeding train capacity. This approach enhances operational efficiency and service levels in urban rail transit.
Nanocellulose: A sustainable functional construct for the remediation of heavy metal ions from water
Authors: Basheer Jishana , Uthaman Arya , Lal Hiran M , Thomas Sabu , Gopakumar Deepu A , George Jinu J
Published: May 2024

Heavy metals are considered to be a significant pollutant in water bodies, adversely affecting human health by causing various severe diseases after passing down the food chain. The rise in environmental problems due to the usage of non – biodegradable materials leads to the necessity of eco–friendly materials. The abundant and eco-friendly nature of the nanocellulose makes them promising substitutes for non-sustainable materials, nowadays. It is also possible to find the chemical components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) present in a source and the cellulose yield. In this context, nanocellulose has gained considerable attention among nanomaterials as a promising candidate for the adsorption of toxic heavy metal ions because of its large surface area, light weight, low cost, biocompatible nature, etc. Moreover, the numerous surface hydroxyl groups present in its surface make them suitable for the wide range of surface functionalization with different groups. They can thus be used individually or in combination with other materials for excellent adsorption towards various toxic heavy metal ions. The state of research on modified nanocellulose as an adsorbent for heavy metals is principally discussed in this review. Mainly two types of plant-based nanocelluloses; cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), are discussed in detail in this review. The extraction of nanocellulose via a green approach was also covered. This review comprises comprehensive details on the modifications and other relevant properties of nanocellulose which would facilitate the adsorption of toxic heavy metals.
An enhanced motorcycle tyre model characterised through experimental riding data
Authors: Bartolozzi Mirco , Massaro Matteo , Mottola Matteo , Savino Giovanni
Published: May 2024

Tyre-road interaction governs motorcycle dynamics; however, the most widespread tyre model formulations must be characterised through a dedicated test bench on the lab or road, unavailable to many interested subjects. This article proposed a new tyre model formulation, conceived to be characterised through riding data using standard instrumentation. Albeit its coefficients are identified through quasi-static, uncombined slip manoeuvres, the model addresses transient, combined manoeuvres and is adaptive to road friction levels and static weight through statistical relationships from the literature. A pre-existing formulation was improved and expanded. The model’s behaviour in demanding conditions was investigated through a high-fidelity simulation environment, using a Magic Formula tyre model as the reference. Next, the characterisation procedure was carried out using actual riding data. The model’s accuracy is shown by reproducing numerically one of the manoeuvres and through comparison with the results of a bench test. The proposed model could correctly reproduce the primary behaviour of a Magic Formula model, also concerning tyre moments and steering torque. Characterising the tyre model through real riding data proved feasible, and its robust formulation limited the propagation of estimation errors. The proposed tyre model formulation and characterisation procedure should interest, among others, those subjects that lack access to a tyre testing machine.
Influence of combinational distortion generator geometrical parameters on the steady and dynamic components of the total pressure distortion
Authors: Sun Enbo , Zhang Haideng , Wu Yun , Zhang Lifu
Published: May 2024

To construct a method for designing a total pressure distortion generator with adjustable, steady, and dynamic components, we experimentally investigated the influences of combinational distortion generator geometrical parameters on the steady and dynamic components of the total pressure distortion based on an indraft wind tunnel. Different types of annular plates and cylindrical rods were installed upstream of a traditional baffle total pressure distortion generator; the total pressure distortion was then measured using rotatable total pressure rakes. The installation of cylindrical rods upstream of the baffle plate could maximally reduce the ratio of steady and dynamic components of total pressure distortion by 30%. Increasing the number and height of the rods, as well as the axial distance between the rod and baffle plate, were effective methods of reducing the steady components of total pressure distortion. Similarly, changing the geometrical parameters of the annular plate was also an effective method for adjusting the ratio of steady and dynamic components of total pressure distortion. The ratio of the steady and dynamic components of total pressure distortion first experienced a decrease and then increased variance law with the increase in the height and circumferential scale of the annular plate. During this procedure, the steady and dynamic components ratio of total pressure distortion could be maximally reduced by 24% and maximally increased by 20%.
Role of Hedgehog Signaling Pathways in Multipotent Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiation
Authors: Wu Mengyu , Mi Junwei , Qu Guo-xin , Zhang Shu , Jian Yi , Gao Chu , Cai Qingli , Liu Jing , Jiang Jianxin , Huang Hong
Published: May 2024

Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have high self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation potentials and low immunogenicity, so they have attracted much attention in the field of regenerative medicine and have a promising clinical application. MSCs originate from the mesoderm and can differentiate not only into osteoblasts, cartilage, adipocytes, and muscle cells but also into ectodermal and endodermal cell lineages across embryonic layers. To design cell therapy for replacement of damaged tissues, it is essential to understand the signaling pathways, which have a major impact on MSC differentiation, as this will help to integrate the signaling inputs to initiate a specific lineage. Hedgehog (Hh) signaling plays a vital role in the development of various tissues and organs in the embryo. As a morphogen, Hh not only regulates the survival and proliferation of tissue progenitor and stem populations but also is a critical moderator of MSC differentiation, involving tri-lineage and across embryonic layer differentiation of MSCs. This review summarizes the role of Hh signaling pathway in the differentiation of MSCs to mesodermal, endodermal, and ectodermal cells.
Migration Along Bengaluru’s Rural–Urban Continuum: Implications for Household Well-being and Climate Change Adaptation
Authors: Rahman Andaleeb , Singh Chandni , Srinivas Arjun
Published: May 2024

The academic literature on internal migration in India has been limited to studies which either capture the well-being of migrants at home or destination. With rural–urban (R–U) boundaries blurring and peri-urban areas gaining economic importance, it is imperative to move away from such binaries towards a continuum approach. Using mixed methods, this paper examines the differentiated nature of migration—its drivers and outcomes—across a R–U continuum in Karnataka. Combining household surveys with focus group discussions and life history interviews, across Bengaluru, its periphery and two predominantly rural districts, which are a source of in-migration, we document the variegated nature of migration. We show that while migrants into Bengaluru enter mostly unskilled livelihoods, peri-urban migrants tend to work in the formal sector. We also show how migration decisions are shaped by climate variability, environmental change, and social and class identity; and these factors mediate differentiated outcomes of moving on household well-being. Our findings have implications for interventions aimed at strengthening household capacities to deal with climatic and non-climatic risks and regional climate-resilient development. We also highlight that enabling inclusive, climate-resilient migration requires comprehensive interventions targeting material and subjective well-being of migrating households and individuals.
The Prevalence and Determinants of Anemia Among Indigenous (Orang Asli) Children in Peninsular Malaysia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ab Aziz Munazieraa , Ai Kah Ng , Ismail Maslinor , Majid Hazreen Abdul
Published: May 2024

Low- and lower-middle-income countries bear the greatest burden of anemia, particularly those living in rural settings such as an indigenous community. The objective of this systematic review was to determine the prevalence of anemia and its determinants among the Orang Asli children in Peninsular Malaysia. A web-based search of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, and ProQuest from January 2000 to June 2022, using specified search/MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms and keywords, was conducted. The search identified studies reported the prevalence of anemia among the children of Orang Asli and its causes. Eight studies were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of anemia among the Orang Asli children was high (61.6%). Most research has focused primarily on iron-deficiency anemia and soil-transmitted helminth infections. Other causes include female gender, mothers with low education levels, and low household incomes. Despite being a public health concern, this study found no studies associating Orang Asli children with hereditary anemia and malaria, which is a limitation. In conclusion, the Orang Asli children are more likely to have anemia compared with the general Malaysian population. To overcome this, a comprehensive examination of the determinants of anemia in this community is required. Thus, interventions can be personalized.
Emotional Experiences in Online, Text-Based Tabletop Role-Playing Games
Authors: Winardy Gary Collins Brata , Septiana Eva , Pranawati Santy Yanuar
Published: May 2024

Background

This study explores the emotional experiences of players in online, text-based tabletop role-playing games (TTRPGs) and their potential impact on players. The goal is to understand the therapeutic and educational possibilities arising from these emotional experiences.

Methods

Through qualitative analysis, themes were identified based on participants' narratives. Eight participants who engaged in online, text-based TTRPGs were interviewed to gather data on their emotional experiences and effects outside the game.

Result

The study identified three main categories of emotions experienced by players: emotions related to the community, emotions associated with the game world and characters, and emotions linked to game mechanics. These emotions were found to impact players beyond the gaming environment, influenced by the players' emotional immersion. Additionally, the study revealed two distinct approaches to immersion among players and highlighted emotions as motivating factors for gameplay.

Discussion

The findings emphasize the role of TTRPGs in providing creative outlets, social interaction, and recreation, facilitating skill development, and broadening perspectives based on players' emotional experiences. Additionally, this study highlights the potential for immersion in online, text-based TTRPGs linked to therapeutic and educational uses.

Limitations

This study employs an in-depth phenomenological qualitative interview method. While this approach yields detailed and nuanced data, it may not provide extensive generalizability. Future research endeavors could benefit from more significant and diverse participant pools to enhance the understanding of emotional experiences in TTRPG players. Furthermore, exploring additional factors such as genres, narrative structures, and player-character relationships could offer more profound insights.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that online, text-based TTRPGs allow players to experience various emotions with implications beyond the game's boundaries. The findings suggest that interventions based on role-playing activities may benefit from the online text-based method due to its accessibility and lower barriers to entry.
Loneliness, Parenting Stress, and the Buffering Effect of Social Connectedness
Authors: Garcia Aileen S. , Lavender-Stott Erin S. , Carotta Christin L. , Liu Hung-Ling (Stella) , Nguyen Victoria O. , Timm-Davis Naomi
Published: May 2024

COVID-19 pandemic-imposed disruptions led to increased loneliness and parenting stress. This is concerning given the well-known negative effects of loneliness and stress on one's overall well-being. There is limited research, however, on the experience of loneliness during parenthood. Thus, this study aims to examine the influence of loneliness and social connectedness on parenting stress during the pandemic. Data were collected through an online survey in July 2020 administered in the U.S. ( n = 362). PROCESS Macro was used to examine the main and moderating effects of loneliness and social connectedness on parenting stress. Results showed that higher scores on loneliness were related to higher parenting stress; higher scores on social connectedness were related to lower parenting stress. Social connectedness also moderated the effects of loneliness on parenting stress. Findings highlight the importance of expanding relationships beyond the parent or couple subsystem. Other implications for the counseling profession are also discussed.
Medical Students’ and Doctors’ Perceptions about Medicaid: A Content Analysis
Authors: Byars Kristin , Payne Brian
Published: May 2024

This research investigates the similarities and differences in medical students’ and doctors’ perceptions about Medicaid. One hundred, ninety-seven medical students and doctors were asked to answer4 three open-ended questions about Medicaid. Their responses were content analyzed using standard rules of manifest and content analysis. Results indicate important differences between the groups. Implications are provided.
Redesign in the Long-Term Care Industry: A Restraint Reduction or Restraint Elimination Program in the Nursing Home
Authors: Wiley Bill
Published: May 2024

The Nursing Home Reform Act of 1987 required nursing homes in the United States to modify their use of physical and chemical restraints in the provision of care to the residents. Nursing home staff members can restrain only if a medical professional determines that they must temporarily restrain residents in order to provide care for them. The author employs the Kast and Rosenzweig model of systems theory to describe the approaches that nursing homes have taken to implement a restraint-free or restraint-elimination program. He then describes the benefits that residents and staff members receive when they participate in a restraint-reduction of restraint-elimination program.