bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Использование информационно-коммуникационных технологий в процессе преподавания информатики
Authors: Кудусова М.И. , Миндиева И.М. , Чебиева М.С.
Published: January 2022

В данной статье показывается насколько глубоко современные технологии проникли в образовательную практику открывая новые возможности. В настоящее время создается новая система образования, использующая современные компьютерные технологии. Это развитие сопровождается существенными изменениями в педагогической теории и практике учебно-воспитательного процесса, связанными с координацией методов преподавания и обучения, которые должны соответствовать современным техническим возможностям, и способствовать соответствующему вступлению ребенка в информационное общество.
Новые принципы и технологии подготовки учителей профессионального обучения
Authors: Курманбаев А.А. , Саят А.Ж. , Кабылов Е.Е.
Published: January 2022

В статье рассматривается вопрос научных выводов и практических рекомендаций обеспечивается методологической обоснованностью теоретических и концептуальных подходов авторов; разработанной системой критериев, показателей и уровней, позволяющих объективно фиксировать изменения в формировании системы профессионально - технологических умений и навыков у студентов в процессе обучения.
Опыт проектирования инновационной составляющей научно-исследовательской деятельности образовательной организации
Authors: Матюшичев И.Ю. , Матюшичева М.И.
Published: January 2022

В статье приводится опыт проектирования научно-исследовательской деятельности на примере образовательной организации Санкт-Петербурга. Инновационные процессы, сопровождающие организацию образовательной и воспитательной работы, требуют системного подхода, возможности использования разработанных алгоритмов. Поднимаются вопросы мотивированности детей к инженерному творчеству. Определены структурные компоненты авторской научно-методической программы «ТЕТРАМИНО», этапы реализации и необходимые условия ее осуществления.
Ситуационные задачи по паразитологии как способ моделирования профессиональной деятельности студентов-медиков
Authors: Мякишева Ю.В. , Федосейкина И.В. , Сказкина О.Я. , Дудина С.Е. , Дудина А.И.
Published: January 2022

В статье приведен многолетний собственный опыт преподавания биологии иностранным студентам СамГМУ. Авторами показано значение ситуационных задач для повышения качества медицинской подготовки. Установлено, что включение ситуационных задач в образовательный процесс по медицинской биологии помогает развивать творческий подход, а также улучшает показатели сформированности информационных, учебно-познавательных и коммуникативных компетенций. Авторы считают, что несмотря на значительные языковые сложности у иностранных граждан, при изучении медицинской паразитологии, ситуационные задачи необходимо включать в образовательный процесс, так как это позволяет максимально приблизить будущих врачей к своей профессиональной деятельности.
Образовательная среда как фактор формирования личности студента
Authors: Притула О.Ю.
Published: January 2022

Одной из актуальных проблем современной педагогики является определение роли образовательной среды в развитии и саморазвитии личности. В статье рассматриваются особенности этого особого социокультурного пространства.
Воспитание и социализация студентов в условиях пандемии через вовлечение их в научную работу
Authors: Семенов В.А.
Published: January 2022

В статье рассмотрены основные методы социализации и воспитательной работы со студентами первого курса на факультете непрерывного образования одного из вузов Москвы. Обращено внимание на важность вовлечения студенческого сообщества в научную и публицистическую деятельность. Предложены такие методы и формы воспитания и социализации студентов как участие их в кружковой работе, выступление на онлайнконференциях, публикация статей, выполнение заданий олимпиад, конкурсов. Отдельно затронут вопрос внеаудиторной учебной деятельности в период пандемических ограничений. В статье использован авторский положительный опыт воспитания и социализации студентов, адресованный кураторам, тьюторам, преподавателям, работникам высшей школы и среднего профессионального образования.
Применение CRM-систем на промышленных предприятиях в условиях цифровизации
Authors: Ильясова А.В. , Садчикова О.А.
Published: January 2022

На сегодняшний день при усилении конкуренции среди промышленных предприятий торговля ужесточается. Нужно понять, как эффективно управлять продажами. Нужен процесс, обеспечивающий бесперебойность и надёжность поставок товара. Для этого внедряют системы автоматизации складской и транспортной логистики, управления цепями поставок. Увеличение товарооборота приводит к необходимости отслеживать не только рост продаж, но и другие значимые показатели. Их учёт может производиться посредством внесения данных в CRM-систему компании. Это позволяет подробно отслеживать изменения этих показателей.
Основы изучения территориальной организации общества
Authors: Исраилова Я.В. , Хациева Л.У. , Ильясова К.Х.
Published: January 2022

В статье рассмотрены формы территориальной организации общества на разных уровнях ее формирования – от глобальных региональных образований до внутригосударственных. Перечислены негативные черты современной территориальной организации общества в России. Выделены особенности российских регионов, обусловленные той ролью, которую они играют в территориальной организации общества.
Информационная безопасность социально-экономических систем
Authors: Корниец Е.О.
Published: January 2022

В статье рассматривается определение социально-экономических систем, подходы к их защите, а также создание и описание системы безопасности для данных систем.
Управление запасами предприятия в целях их эффективности использования
Authors: Кулагина М.К. , Хаматова А.Р. , Григорьева Д.Р.
Published: January 2022

В статье затрагивается тема управления запасами предприятия с целью повышения эффективного функционирования. Политика управления запасами представляет собой часть политики управления оборотными активами, которая направлена на оптимизацию размера и структуры запасов товарно-материальных ценностей, снижение затрат на их обслуживание, создание системы контроля за их движением. Разработка политики управления запасами предусматривает такие этапы, как анализ товарно-материальных ценностей в предшествующем периоде; определение целей формирования запасов; оптимизацию размера основных видов текущих запасов; оптимизацию всей суммы товарно-материальных ценностей организации; формирование эффективной системы контроля за движением запасов в организации. Правильное управление материальными запасами, минимальные складские запасы в купе с обеспечением хозяйственной деятельности, изучение понятия запасов и их классификации, определение роли и задач запасов на фирме, а также рассмотрение особенностей управления запасами будут залогом процветания предприятия и его конкурентоспособности на рынке.
Рынок IPO в год пандемии
Authors: Кущева А.Е.
Published: January 2022

Влияние пандемии продолжает играть значительную роль во всех сферах привычной жизни, в том числе и рынке IPO. В статье проведен обзор рынка IPO в 2020 году, в частности анализ распределения привлеченных средств по компаниям и секторам. Отдельное внимание уделено факторам успеха IPO в прошедшем году.
Бухгалтерская отчётность организации, порядок её составления
Authors: Лайпанова З.М. , Хачирова Ф.М.
Published: January 2022

В статье рассматриваются определение бухгалтерской отчётности, основные требования при составлении бухгалтерской отчётности, ее виды и состав, а также порядок составления.
Роль анализа финансового состояния предприятия в условиях нестабильной экономики
Authors: Матвеева В.А. , Мовчан М.И.
Published: January 2022

Финансовое состояние предприятия – главный показатель рентабельности его деятельности. Именно поэтому в условиях нестабильной экономики роль анализа финансового состояния особенно возрастает. В статье приведены виды и методы финансового анализа, а также указаны показатели, характеризующие негативные и позитивные сигналы, которые позволяет выявить анализ финансового состояния.
Информационно-аналитическая модель оценки инновационной активности отраслей АПК
Authors: Расумов В.Ш.
Published: January 2022

Инновационная активность регионального АПК представляется нам как деятельность субъектов в области фундаментальных и прикладных разработок, подготовки квалифицированных кадров, создания инновационной инфраструктуры и благоприятной среды, проработки и реализации схем программного финансирования инновационных проектов, а также коммерциализации инновационных предложений и проектов, создающих конкурентные преимущества и способствующую социально-экономическому росту и развитию региона.
Специфика региональных программ социально-экономического развития и их структура
Authors: Расумов В.Ш.
Published: January 2022

Следует обозначить, что самой главной функцией органов исполнительной ветви власти на региональном уровне выступает формирование обоснованного с научной точки зрения прогноза, программы, плана развития региона на социальном и экономическом плане. На базе разработанных стратегий и программ устанавливаются соответствующие цели и задачи развития. Кроме того, конкретизируются различные программные мероприятия, определяются приоритеты в развитии хозяйственной деятельности региона.
Анализ факторов и тенденций развития рынка государственных облигаций в России
Authors: Титов И.А.
Published: January 2022

В настоящее время облигационный рынок России находится в ситуации, когда дальнейшие прогнозные значения имеют большую вероятность меняться в связи с большим числом меняющихся факторов. На международном уровне условия функционирования и тенденции финансового рынка являются следствием влияния санкций и большого числа ограничений, при этом находится под риском переоценки инвесторами доходностей в случае ужесточения денежно-кредитной политики. В статье рассмотрены понятие государственных облигаций, их значение для финансового сектора страны, определены факторы, которые оказывают влияние на формирование тенденций в части использования и востребованности государственных облигаций на современном этапе. Также в статье выявлены приоритетные причины снижения активности инвесторов, а также определены возможные направления повышения уровня доходности государственных облигаций для частных инвесторов, а значит и привлекательности данного направления на финансовом рынке.
Определение роли местного самоуправления в системе публичной власти
Authors: Ялмаев Р.А.
Published: January 2022

В статье анализируется место и роль местного самоуправления в единой системе публичной власти, раскрывается социально-правовое содержание российского местного самоуправления, обосновывается вывод о его дуальности. Автор приходит к выводу, что с начала 2000-х гг. наметилась явная тенденция к росту удельного веса субординационных отношений между органами государственной и муниципальной власти в ущерб отношениям равноправного взаимодействия. Эти явления свидетельствуют о том, что дальнейшая судьба местного самоуправления в нашей стране неопределенна.
Разработка модели электронного документооборота в АО «НК «Роснефть» - КарачаевоЧеркесскнефтепродукт»
Authors: Айбазова Д.А. , Кочкарова П.А.
Published: January 2022

Тема статьи актуальна, т.к. внедрение системы электронного документооборота в организации обеспечит оперативность прохождения и обработки документов, оптимизацию работы многих специалистов. Электронный документооборот на предприятии внедряется с использованием программы Контур.Диадок.
Основные этапы выполнения численного анализа
Authors: Джабраилов З.А. , Магомедов И.А.
Published: January 2022

Данная работа была проведена, чтобы в общих чертах показать важные шаги в численном анализе. Работа представляет собой руководство по выполнению любого анализа с помощью разных программных пакетов для инженерного проектирования.
Идентификация объектов в видеопотоке
Authors: Джангаров А.И. , Калхиташвили Д.Ш. , Магамедова Д.М.
Published: January 2022

В настоящее время вектор развития обработки видеопотока направлен на создание автоматизированной системы анализа видеоряда. Особенно актуальна задача нахождения баланса между вычислительной сложностью алгоритмов обработки и аппаратными возможностями современной техники. Специфика видеоинформации создает существенные ограничения на скорость и качество обработки. Актуальной задачей является разработка системы для интеллектуального видеонаблюдения, эффективно использующей вычислительные ресурсы современных компьютеров, чему и посвящается данная работа.
Машинная обработка текста
Authors: Джангаров А.И. , Калхиташвили Д.Ш. , Магамедова Д.М.
Published: January 2022

Машинная обработка текста является очень важным инструментом в современной методологии обработки данных. В настоящее время машинная обработка естественного языка позволяет выстроить современную и удобную форму коммуникации между человеком и машиной. Благодаря методам формализации текста, становится возможным прикладное использование NLP, например, в области диалоговых систем, персонализированных ботовпомощников, систем информационного поиска, генерации текстового контента и других прикладных областях. В данной исследовательской работе освещаются основные положения и методы машинной обработки текста.
Роль информационных технологий в современном мире
Authors: Кудусова М.И. , Манзаева З.А. , Арсанова А.М.
Published: January 2022

В настоящее время огромную роль в современном мире занимают информационные технологии. Они в бурном темпе проникают в жизнь людей. Практически невозможно найти какую-либо область без использования информационных технологий (ИТ). В данной статье рассматривается значение информационных технологий в современном обществе, какое влияние они оказывают на сферы жизнедеятельности человека, а влияние они оказывают чуть ли не на все, но мы рассмотрим самые важные. Также обсудим основные этапы развития ИТ.
Применение системы SIEM на предприятии
Authors: Кудусова М.И. , Матаев А.Б.
Published: January 2022

Предприятия и организации неустанно обрастают новыми системами обеспечения информационной безопасности. Однако, практика показывает, что количество неуклонно понижает качество и усложняет процесс обработки данных, поступающих от систем обеспечения защиты информации.
Проектирование информационных систем с использованием CASE-технологий
Authors: Лайпанов А.А. , Гебенов Р.М.
Published: January 2022

Использование CASE-средств оптимизирует процесс разработки программного обеспечения, упрощает его, сокращает время разработки.
Общие программные пакеты для нелинейного анализа
Authors: Магомедов И.А. , Джабраилов З.А.
Published: January 2022

В данной статье рассматриваются программные пакеты для нелинейного анализа 3D структур. Будут рассмотрены следующие приложения: ABAQUS, ANSYS and PERFORM-3D. Также будет объяснена разница межу линейностью и нелинейностью анализа.
Is Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Tube Feeding Beneficial for Improving Survival in Patients With Dementia? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Current Pieces of Evidence
Authors: Raeesi Shima , Hashemi Rezvan , Vahabi Zahra , Abdolahi Mina , Sedighiyan Mohsen
Published: January 2022

Dementia is a progressive, disabling neurogenic disease that results in serious nutritional deficiencies included dysphagia, malnutrition, and weight loss. The Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) is a long-term enteral feeding method that is routinely used in demented patients with poor food intake as a standard protocol. However, most of the pieces of evidence have not shown the beneficial effects of PEG feeding on complications or survival rates in these patients. Some studies have even reported an increase in mortality. The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the mortality rate and survival in primary demented patients with PEG. A systematic search was conducted on Pubmed and Scopus databases up to Aug 2019. The data were reviewed according to the Cochrane handbook and preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) and meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology (MOOSE). Based on the random-effects model, the mortality rate and median survival were expressed as risk ratio and weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% CI, respectively. Among 13 included studies, PEG insertion in patients with primary dementia has no significant effect on 30-day, 90-day, 180-day, 1-year, and 2- year mortality rate or median survival (WMD: 9.77; 95% CI: -22.43 to 41.98; P=0.55). It seems that nasogastric tube (NGT) feeding in compared to PEG in this population is more effective. In conclusion, further prospective studies are needed for comprehensive evaluation of mortality or survival regarding comorbidities, underlying disease, cognitive and physical performance, and nutritional problems in demented patients.
Evaluation of Intravenous Phenobarbital Pharmacokinetics in Critically Ill Patients With Brain Injury
Authors: Khezrnia Seyedeh Sana , Shahrami Bita , Rouini Mohammad Reza , Najafi Atabak , Sharifnia Hamid Reza , Sadrai Sima , Ahmadi Arezoo , Jafarzadeh Kohneloo Aarefeh , Najmeddin Farhad , Mojtahedzadeh Mojtaba
Published: January 2022

Phenobarbital is still one of the drugs of choice in managing patients with brain injury in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, the impact of acute physiological changes on phenobarbital pharmacokinetic parameters is not well studied. This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters of parenteral phenobarbital in critically ill patients with brain injury. Patients with severe traumatic or non-traumatic brain injury at high risk of seizure were included and followed for seven days. All patients initially received phenobarbital as a loading dose of 15 mg/kg over 30-minutes infusion, followed by 2 mg/kg/day divided into three doses. Blood samples were obtained on the first and fourth day of study at 1, 2, 5, 8, and 10 hours after the end of the infusion. Serum concentrations of phenobarbital were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an ultraviolet (UV) detector. Pharmacokinetic parameters, including the volume of distribution (Vd), half-life (t1/2), and the drug clearance (CL), were provided by MonolixSuite 2019R1 software using stochastic approximation expectation-maximization (SAEM) algorithm and compared with previously reported parameters in healthy volunteers. Data from seventeen patients were analyzed. The mean value±standard deviation of pharmacokinetic parameters was calculated as follows: Vd: 0.81±0.15 L/kg; t1/2: 6.16±2.66 days; CL: 4.23±1.51 ml/kg/h. CL and Vd were significantly lower and higher than the normal population with the value of 5.6 ml/kg/h (P=0.002) and 0.7 L/kg (P=0.01), respectively. Pharmacokinetic behavior of phenobarbital may change significantly in critically ill brain-injured patients. This study affirms the value of early phenobarbital therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to achieve therapeutic goals.
Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Cut-Off Point for COVID-19 Mortality: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Kheyri Zahedin , Metanat Sepehr , Hosamirudsari Hadiseh , Akbarpour Samaneh , Shojaei Maryam , Faraji Neda , Mansouri Fariba , Taghizadeh Fatemeh , Ahmadian Fatemeh
Published: January 2022

Several months have passed since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Multiple characteristics have been proposed as prognostic factors so far. This study aims to provide evidence on the association of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) at the hospitalization time and three desired outcomes (mortality, prolonged hospitalization, and intensive care unit [ICU] admission). We designed a single-centre retrospective observational study in Baharloo Hospital (Tehran, Iran) from 20 February to 19 April 2020. Patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis via rt-PCR or chest CT imaging were included. Demographic and clinical data were obtained. The sample was divided into three groups, using tertile boundaries of initial NLR. The differences in mortality, comorbidities, hospitalization duration, drug administration, and ICU admission between these three groups were investigated. The identified confounding factors were adjusted to calculate the odds ratio of death, ICU admission, and prolonged hospitalization. Nine hundred sixty-three patients were included. In total, 151 and 212 participants experienced mortality and ICU admission, respectively. In multivariate logistic regression models, the adjusted odds ratio for mortality event in the second and third tertile of initial NLR after full adjustment were 1.89 (95% CI:1.07-3.32) and 2.57 (95% CI:1.48-4.43) and for ICU admission were 1.85 (95% CI:1.14-3.01) and 2.88 (95% CI:1.79-4.61), respectively. The optimal cut-off value of the initial NLR for predicting mortality was 4.27. Initial NLR can predict mortality and ICU admission in COVID-19 patients. Further investigations for curating the calculated cut-off can propose initial NLR as an indicator of poor prognosis for COVID-19 patients.
The System of Awarding Degrees in Higher Education of Iran and United Kingdom: A Descriptive-Comparative Study With Focusing on the Internationalization of Health Education
Authors: Shahsavari Masoomeh , Karami Robati Fatemeh , Ahmadi Atefeh , Yazdi-Feyzabadi Vahid , Amirheidari Bagher , Haghdoost Aliakbar
Published: January 2022

The main indicators of higher education (HE) internationalization in the field of awarding degrees are the international development of disciplines and interdisciplinary sciences, new educational and learning methods, new and updated curricula, and their correct ways of sharing. This study aimed to examine the system of awarding degrees in health HE of Iran and the United Kingdom. This descriptive-comparative study focused on the field of medical sciences and its related disciplines. The vital information about the variables was collected by visiting the official websites of the UK universities and related or joint organizations. The related information to the Kerman University of Medical Sciences as a sample of Iran medical universities was obtained from the university’s Farabar system. All data extraction steps were performed manually. There were differences in the mechanism of setting up a new discipline and the process of students’ admission, diversity of degrees’ titles and curriculums, stability of disciplines over the time, creativity in creating competition between different disciplines, the reason for establishing a discipline and the requirements for certification and awarding of degrees in health sciences disciplines in Iran and the United Kingdom were described. Propelling of medical education in the health sciences area towards standard awarding degree systems can be responsible for the requirements of internationalization of higher education.
Comparison Between ASCVD Versus WHO Risk Score in Predicting of 10-Year Cardiovascular Risk in an Iranian Adult: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Hasandokht Tolou , Salari Arsalan , Nikfarjam Salman , Soltanipour Soheil , Shalchi Mani , Sadeghi Meibodi Alimohammad
Published: January 2022

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality has increased in the Iranian population. Word Health Organization (WHO) risk score was recently used in Iranian prevention and control of non-communicable disease programs for risk assessment. The purpose of the study was to compare the 10-year cardiovascular risk using atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and WHO risk score. In a cross-sectional study, data from patients with cardiac symptoms without any documents related to CVD were collected from the outpatient clinic. The proportion of subjects with high CVD risk according to ASCVD and WHO risk score and also agreement between two scores was presented. The sensitivity and specificity of ASCVD according to the WHO risk score as a national risk assessment tool were calculated. The study included 284 subjects with a mean age of 53.80 (8.78) years and 68 % of women. The frequency of subjects with high CVD risk based on ASCVD and WHO was 35% and 6%, respectively. The agreement between the two scores was moderate (κ=0.45), with the most agreement in identifying low-risk subjects. The sensitivity and specificity of ASCVD according to the WHO risk score was 95.3% and 75.1%, respectively. The present finding showed that Agreement between two risk scores was moderated, especially in stratifying low-risk subjects. But, the ASCVD risk score categorized more people as a high risk rather than the WHO tool. Assessment of the accuracy of the WHO risk score with comparing predicted risk with observed risk in a cohort study for the Iranian population is necessary.
COVID-19 in Single Kidney Patient
Authors: Raofi Rahim , Pourfarid Yasaman , Kalani Navid , Hojat Mohsen
Published: January 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all people in the world, especially those at risk of kidney disorders. Early kidney damage in patients born with unilateral renal agenesis (URA) or solitary kidney can happen. These patients are at risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), high blood pressure, and developing proteinuria. Unilateral renal agenesis is a cause of CKD. Therefore, it is very interesting that observe a unilateral renal Patient that Suffers from COVID-19. Hence, the management of these patients with COVID‐19 is an area of interest, and a unique approach is warranted. A 43-year-old male patient with unilateral renal presented to our hospital for corona disease. The case was discussed between the nephrologists, Infectious disease specialists, and nursing head nurses for a care plan daily. The patient had unilateral renal disease, and COVID-19 could have a detrimental effect on the renal, but renal tests were normal, and the patient recovered without acute renal complications. The treatment of such patients is the need for teamwork contain nephrologists, critical care nurses, and specialists in infectious and tropical diseases. This was a new experience in Iran.
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome parameters and their association with headache characteristics among migraineurs
Authors: Maghbooli Mehdi , Jameshorani Maryam , Afshar Sabereh , Kamali Kourosh
Published: January 2022

Background: Migraine is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). There are evidences that components of MetS are more prevalent among migraine patients than non migraineurs. Since both migraine and MetS are associated with a high risk of cardiovascular events, it is likely that the parameters of MetS increase the occurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in migraineurs. The present research project was conducted for the purpose of investigating the relationship between MetS parameters and different items of migraine headaches.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical, cross-sectional study was performed on 240 migraineurs [according to International Headache Society (HIS) II criteria] within the 17+ age range. The participants were selected via consecutive and convenience sampling method. The evaluated parameters for each subject included 2 arms: migraine characteristics (intensity, frequency of attacks, subtype, duration, and treatment regimen) and indices of MetS according to the National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP-III) report criteria [high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (‎HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), height, waist circumference (WC), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), and body mass index (BMI)]. All data were analyzed in SPSS software.
Results: Total prevalence of MetS was 16.25% (39 patients). There was a statistically meaningful relationship between hypertriglyceridemia and gender (P = 0.021), hypertriglyceridemia and prophylactic antimigraine regimen (P = 0.022), hyperglycemia and age group (P = 0.010), hyperglycemia and the intensity of headache (P = 0.048), hyperglycemia and prophylactic treatment (P = 0.001), systolic hypertension and migraine subtype (P = 0.004), systolic hypertension and the duration of migraine disease (P = 0.005), diastolic hypertension and migraine subtype (P = 0.002), WC and gender (P = 0.001), WC and the intensity of headache (P = 0.028), WC and prophylactic medication (P = 0.017), HDL and gender (P = 0.001), HDL and the prophylactic regimen (P = 0.023), and MetS and gender (P = 0.005). The prevalence of MetS was increased with increase in the severity of migraine headache.
Conclusion: Due to the relative increase in the prevalence of MetS in patients with more severe migraine, an evaluation of the mechanisms of MetS is recommended in this population.
The contribution of self-disclosure to the prediction of mood symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Mahboobi Marzieh , Khashandish Abbas , Moghadasi Abdorreza Naser , Sahraian Mohammad Ali , Bahrami-Hidaji Maryam , Etesam Farnaz
Published: January 2022

Background: Depression and anxiety are the most prevalent psychological symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and have a significant impact on quality of life (QOL) and disability progression in the patients. Therefore, it is very important to find ways to reduce the impact of these disorders on patients with MS. The data suggest that self-disclosure may be beneficial in improving symptoms of depression and anxiety in many chronic diseases. Due to the scarcity of related studies, this cross-sectional research aimed to evaluate the relations between self-disclosure, anxiety, and depression in patients with MS.
Methods: 112 patients with MS from several referral outpatient MS clinics participated in the study. Data were extracted using socio-demographic questionnaire to determine clinical variables and patient characteristics, Distress Disclosure Index (DDI) to assess self-disclosure, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to evaluate mood states, and Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) recorded by an experienced neurologist.
Results: Multiple linear regression analysis with controlling disease variables demonstrated distress disclosure as an independent factor to predict anxiety and depression in the patients (P < 0.05). Results also presented a significant, positive relationship between hospitalization history and disability levels with anxiety and depression. These findings clearly state that these two variables can accurately predict a heightened state of anxiety and depression in patients with MS.
Conclusion: This study provides empirical support for the positive role of disclosure in decreasing the negative emotions in MS. Further studies are needed to clarify the effects of disclosing MS in different cultural and situational contexts.
Comparison of transcranial doppler ultrasound indices in large and small vessel disease cerebral infarction
Authors: Hashemilar Mazyar , Partovi Afshin , Forghani Nasrin , Sharifipour Ehsan
Published: January 2022

Background: Atherosclerotic involvement of large and small cerebral arteries leading to infarction is among the most prevalent subtypes of stroke worldwide. The hemodynamic changes due to these arterial pathologies can be studied non-invasively and in real-time by using transcranial Doppler (TCD) techniques. TCD indices of the studied arteries may guide the clinician in differentiating these two underlying arterial pathologies.
Methods: A cross-sectional study of patients with small and large vessel types of cerebral infraction based on the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) stroke classification was undertaken in the inpatient population of neurology service of Razi Hospital, Tabriz, Iran, from October 2018 to October 2019. After clinical diagnosis, all cases underwent TCD studies, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and brain and cervical four-vessel magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). The results of TCD indices related to major arteries of the circle of Willis were tabulated and compared between large and small vessel subtypes of cerebral infarction.
Results: A statistically significant difference between right middle cerebral artery (MCA) pulsatility index (PI), left MCA PI, right internal carotid artery (ICA) PI, end-diastolic velocity (EDV), left ICA PI, left ICA EDV, left anterior cerebral artery (ACA) PI, and right vertebral artery (VA) PI measures of the two groups was seen (P < 0.05). In comparison to the large vessel group, left ACA, right VA, and bilateral MCAs and ICAs in the small-vessel stroke group demonstrated an elevated PI.
Conclusion: A significant increase of PI occurs in the majority of intracranial arteries of patients with small vessel stroke. This makes PI a valuable marker for differentiating strokes with different underlying pathophysiologies.
Effects of Rinsing Water Temperature and Preheated Composites on Microleakage of Composite Restorations with Two Bonding Agents
Authors: Malekipour Mohammad Reza , Barekatain Mehrdad , Shirani Farzaneh , Alaei Samaneh
Published: January 2022

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of rinsing water temperature and preheated composites on microleakage of class V restorations with two different bonding agents.
Materials and Methods: Eighty class V cavities were prepared in the buccal and lingual surfaces of 40 molars. Single Bond and Prime and Bond NT bonding agents were used. The teeth were divided into four groups of 10. G1: After acid etching, cavities were rinsed with 23˚C water and filled with 23˚C composite resin. G2: Rinsing water and composite resin had 55˚C temperature. G3: Rinsing water had 55˚C and composite resin had 23˚C temperature. G4: Rinsing water had 23˚C and composite resin had 55˚C temperature. The specimens were immersed in 0.5% basic fuchsine dye. Microleakage scores were analysed with the Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and Wilcoxon tests.
Results: There were significant differences in microleakage of specimens prepared with Single Bond and Prime and Bond NT only in group 1 (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the microleakage of groups rinsed with different water temperatures (P>0.05). There were significant differences between the unheated and preheated composite groups (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Preheating of composite is a valuable method to increase its adaptability and decrease microleakage of composite restorations.
The Effects of Cognitive-Based Interventions in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yun Sunweon , Ryu Seang
Published: January 2022

Background: Cognitive-based intervention is divided into three types: Cognitive Stimulation (CS), Cognitive Training (CT), and Cognitive Rehabilitation (CR). This study was conducted to identify systematically the effects of cognitive-based interventions in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) applied to older adults in the following three groups: cognitively healthy, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia.
Methods: This search was carried out using the Ovid-MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane library, CINAHL, ProQuest, and Korea databases. The effectiveness of the intervention was verified using the CMA 2.0 program.
Results: A total of 54 RCTs were included in systematic reviews and 38 studies were analyzed by meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed that cognitive-based interventions were effective in improving the cognitive function (SMD=0.39, 95% CI=0.32-0.44) of older adults. The subgroup analysis of cognitive function revealed that CT was the most effective in the cognitively healthy (SMD=0.40, 95% CI=0.33-0.46) and the MCI (SMD=0.45, 95% CI=0.27-0.63) groups, and CS was the most effective in the dementia group (SMD=0.57, 95% CI=0.43-0.70).
Conclusion: In order to improve the cognitive function of older adults in each group, the most effective intervention type needs to be considered first. Evidence on the appropriate type of Cognitive-based intervention will be helpful in nursing practice.
Thalassemia Major and Associated Psychosocial Problems: A Narrative Review
Authors: Tarım Hazel Şahin , Öz Fatma
Published: January 2022

Thalassemia is an inherited disease that causes the production of damaged hemoglobin chains. Patients are diagnosed with thalassemia major due to major clinical signs and deep anemia. This study aimed to examine the major thalassemia and psychosocial aspect of it, which is such an important issue, to serve as a roadmap for better handling these patients and to contribute to the literature. The method used in this study was narrative review. A literature review was conducted by searching the materials published in databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar search engine from 2001 to 2020. Besides WHO website was searched. Thalassemia major damages the heart, liver, lungs and endocrine organs due to anemia and iron accumulation. In addition, the patient may experience mental and social problems due to the congenital nature of the disease and its lifelong duration. The psychosocial problems and treatment burdens of thalassemia patients are very high. There are many studies about the prevalence and physical consequences of thalassemia. However, there are not enough articles and researches describing the psychosocial effects of thalassemia on patients and what can be done about these effects. For this reason, this paper focuses on the process of thalassemia and the psychosocial problems it creates to contribute to the literature and to be a roadmap for better handling these patients.
Psychometric Characteristics of Different Versions of Vocal Tract Discomfort (VTD) Scale: A Systematic Review
Authors: Aghaei Fateme , Khoramshahi Hassan , Biparva Somayah
Published: January 2022

Background: This review compare different Vocal Tract Discomfort (VTD) versions. This comparison is based on their validity and reliability parameters in the translation and adaptation process. We aimed to prepare numerical evidence to prove the validity of this easy screening tool. VTD is able to perform an accurate diagnosis of voice discomforts, particularly in primary stages.
Methods: Articles were selected from databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus. Our relevant papers were gathered by searching the phrase: VTD in titles, abstracts, and keys. Studies not followed an adaptive procedure were excluded. Based on the selection criteria, out of 23 collected articles, eight were studied in this review.
Results: Standard psychometric protocol steps were followed in all selected articles and simultaneously high reliability and validity were reported in their translation procedure. Such analogous results may confirm the efficacy of this research tool.
Conclusion: This review affirms VTD, perceptual patient-based scale, as a valuable evaluation tool to investigate the occurrence of voice disorders. Based on its structure and performance, VTD can work as a quick and precise source for predicting vocal discomforts. Moreover, this capability can help professional therapists to plan more efficient treatment procedures. The other important advantage of VTD is its diagnostic and prognostic capacity to inform patients about their current and future conditions so that they would be motivated to follow treatment procedures more consistently.
Clinical Characteristics Associated with Physical Violence in the Elderly: A Retrospective Multicenter Analysis
Authors: Lee Dong Hoon , Han Sang Soo , Kim Duk Ho , Kim Eui Chung , Lee Eun Hae , Park Ju Ok , Lee Choung Ah
Published: January 2022

Background: Elder abuse is predicted to increase with the rapid population ageing in many countries. Violent injury is influenced by individual factors as well as interpersonal and social relationships, with different manifestations based on changes in the socioeconomic position of older adults. We comparatively investigated the clinical and injury characteristics of physical violence in the elderly with those in another age group.
Methods: We included elderly patients (age ≥65 years) who visited six emergency departments (ED) with violence-induced injuries in 2017. The control group comprised patients aged 45–64 years, selected by 1:2 matching based on hospital and sex. Data were extracted from the National Emergency Department Information System and electronic medical records. Both groups were compared for injury mechanism, injury location, activity during injury, diagnosis, and clinical outcomes.
Results: Among the 316,944 patients who presented to the 6 ED, 89,178 (28.1%) had traumatic injuries, and 1.6% and 4.5% of injuries were sustained due to violence in the ≥65 and 45–64 year age groups, respectively. There were no significant intergroup differences in the perpetrator (P=0.27), body parts affected (P=0.63), and diagnosis (P=0.23), whereas the older adult group had a significantly higher proportion of traumatic injury by fall (P=0.01), at road and traffic facilities (P=0.01), during work (P=0.01), and multiple injuries (P<0.01).
Conclusion: The increase in non-regular workers in the elderly after retirement may have increased the risk of traumatic workplace injuries. As workplace injuries may be a new risk factor for physical violence in the elderly, institutional workplace injury prevention policy is needed.
Long COVID in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yaksi Nese , Teker Ayse Gulsen , Imre Ayfer
Published: January 2022

Background: We aimed to evaluate the Long COVID frequency, and related factors in patients followed up after hospitalization.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 133 inpatients with COVID-19 PCR test positivity from Nigde Province, Turkey between 01.01.2021 and 28.02.2021. The characteristics of the patients were recorded by examining the files, and the symptom questioning was made by telephone interviewing with the patients approximately four months after the date of diagnosis. The presence of at least one symptom lasting more than four weeks was described as Long COVID.
Results: The frequency of Long COVID was 64.7%. The most common Long COVID symptoms were fatigue (45.9%), respiratory distress (25.6%), and muscle / joint pain (24.8%), respectively. In comparison analysis to identify factors associated with Long COVID; Long COVID was found to be more frequent among women (P=0.04); patients with severe COVID-19 (P<0.01), patients with prolonged hospital stay (P=0.03), patients with the comorbid disease (P=0.03), and Diabetes Mellitus patients (P=0.02). Additionally, the frequency of Long COVID increased as the depression score stated by the person increased after COVID-19 disease (P=0.02).
Conclusion:  The treatment of COVID-19 patients should not end when they are discharged from the hospital. On the contrary, these patients, especially high-risk patients, should be followed up in post-COVID clinics and rehabilitated physically and psychosocially with a multidisciplinary approach following the recovery period of the acute illness.
Impact of Behavioral Risk Factors on Mortality Risk in Older Korean Women
Authors: Kim Shinuk , Kang Hyunsik
Published: January 2022

Background: To investigate the impact of lifestyle risk factors on all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in Korean women aged 60 yr and older.
Methods: Data (n = 3,034) obtained from the Korean longitudinal study of aging were analyzed. Exposures included lifestyle risk factors, such as smoking, alcohol abuse, underweight/obesity, physical inactivity, and unintentional weight loss. Primary outcomes were premature deaths from specific and all-causes.
Results: During 9.6±2.0 yr of follow-up, there were 628 cases (20.7%) of death from all causes, of which 137 cases (4.5%) were from CVD. Compared to zero risk factor (hazard ratio, HR=1), crude HR of all-cause mortality was 2.277 (95% confidence interval, CI, 1.712 ~ 3.030, P < 0.001) for one risk factor, 2.977 (95% CI, 2.124 ~ 4.003, P < 0.001) for two risk factors, and 5.154 (95% CI, 3.515 ~ 7.557, P < 0.001) for three or more risk factors. Compared to zero risk factor (HR=1), crude HR of CVD mortality was 2.035 (95% CI, 1.422 ~ 2.913, P < 0.001) for one risk factor, 2.468 (95% CI, 1.708 ~ 3.567, P < 0.001) for two risk factor, and 4.484 (95% CI, 2.830 ~ 7.102, P < 0.001) for three or more risk factors. Adjusted HRs of all-cause (P = 0.016) and CVD (P = 0.050) for three or more risk factors only remained significant for three or more risk factors.
Conclusion: The current findings showed that individual and combined lifestyle risk factors were significantly associated with increased risks of all-cause and CVD mortality in older Korean women.
Markers of Iron Metabolism and Stroke Risk: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Findings from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS)
Authors: Liu Dong , Zhang Ya , Wang Cui-Cui , E Xiao-Hong , Zuo Hui
Published: January 2022

Background: The association of iron metabolism or status with the stroke risk remains unclear. We aimed to examine the associations between markers of iron metabolism or status and stroke risk using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS).
Methods: Overall, 8589 in the CHNS in 2009, and 7290 participants between 2009 and 2015 were included in the cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, respectively. Markers included hemoglobin, ferritin (FET), transferrin (TRF), soluble transferrin receptor (sTRF-R), and ratio of sTRF-R/log FET (sTfR-F index). Multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the associations between those markers and risk of stroke. Age, gender, high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP), body mass index (BMI), current smoking, drinking status, diabetes and hypertension were included as potential confounding factors.
Results: We observed longitudinal associations of hemoglobin (HR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.15 – 2.06, P = 0.004), and sTfR-F index (HR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.46 – 0.99, P = 0.044) with stroke risk among the participants whose BMI ≤ 23 kg/m2. In addition, FET levels were significantly associated with stroke risk among female (HR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.00 – 2.09, P = 0.049) after a median of 6.1 years follow-up. Hemoglobin, FET, TRF, sTRF-R, and sTfR-F index were not associated with the risk of stroke in overall analyses.
Conclusion: FET among female, hemoglobin and sTfR-F index among those BMI ≤ 23 kg/m2 may be contributing factors for stroke.
Intervention of NF-Κb Signaling Pathway and Preventing Post-Operative Cognitive Dysfunction as Well as Neuronal Apoptosis
Authors: Yuan Na , Wang Xiuzhen , Zhang Yu , Kong Lingsi , Yuan Liyong , Ge Yeying
Published: January 2022

Background: The Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) model was constructed by resection of the left hepatic lobe in aged mice to determine the behavioral effects of the POCD model in aged mice and the relationship between NF-κB and POCD in apoptosis and autophagy. Provide a theoretical basis for POCD prevention and treatment.
Methods: This study was carried out in Ningbo No. 6 Hospital, Zhejiang, China, from Jun 2019 to Dec 2020. The POCD model was constructed after resection of the left extrahepatic lobe in aged mice and randomly divided into 6 groups: sham operation group, operation group (normal saline control group, solvent group, YC-1 group, PDTC group and 3-MA group). Related indicators of behavioral changes, neuronal inflammatory responses, apoptosis, and autophagy were examined.
Results: The escape latency of the aged mice in the surgical group was significantly prolonged at three time points compared with the control group, and the number of insertions decreased significantly. Microglia are activated and the inflammatory response is increased, whereas PDTC has an inhibitory effect. It was demonstrated that apoptosis and necrosis of neurons can be induced by the NF-κb pathway, and autophagy can be promoted, whereas autophagy occurs before apoptosis.
Conclusion: Activation of NF-κb pathway in neurons after POCD causes neuronal apoptosis and autophagy, and cognitive impairment occurs. PDTC, a NF-κb pathway inhibitor, can effectively reduce neuronal apoptosis induced by secondary brain injury after POCD. Necrosis, to protect the brain tissue.