bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Positive Temperature Coefficient of Resistivity Effect in (1-x)KNbO3-xBaGeO3 Based Ceramics
Authors: Xu Tie Zhu , Zhu Xing Wen , Gong Min , Wang Sheng Wei , Jiang Wen Zhong , Zhou Xiao
Published: February 2012

(1-x)KNbO3-xBaGeO3 based PTCR ceramic materials are prepared using high purity K2CO3, Nb2O5, GeO2, Al2O3 and BaCO3 powders as starting materials, and the structural and electrical properties have been investigated. The results indicated that the samples doped with minute Ba as donor show excellent PTCR effect above the temperature of about 36°C. For the 0.40at% Ba-doped sample, the minimum resistance of 4.2×104Ω·cm, temperature coefficient (αk) of 24.37%/°C, PTCR anomaly lg(Rmax/Rmin) of 3.82 and transition temperature (Tmin) of 36°C are obtained.
Static Corrosion Behavior of Refractory Lining Materials for Magnesium Electrolytic Cell
Authors: Wang Shi Dong , Li Quan , Wu Zhi Jian
Published: February 2012

The corrosion behavior of six refractory materials in molten salts for magnesium electrolysis was studied. Experimental results showed that porous clay brick was the most suitable lining material for magnesium electrolytic cell.
Effect of Toughening Mechanisms of Crack Bridging on Ceramic Materials
Authors: Li Bin
Published: February 2012

A toughening model of crack bridging reinforced ceramic matrix composites is presented. It was shown that this transition closely relates to the extent of toughness, particle size or volume fraction, and the particle yield stress. The constitutive equation is obtained through micromechanical considerations based on crack bridging toughening. The results show that the model is in good agreement with SEM results.
Ethanol Sensor Based on Hydrothermal Method Prepared Porous α-Fe2O3 Nanorods
Authors: Wang Yan , Chen Yu Mei , Shi Jian Chao , Cao Jian Liang , Sun Guang , Hari Ba La , Zhang Zhan Ying
Published: February 2012

Porous α-Fe2O3 nanorods were prepared by the hydrothermal method from FeCl4 and urea without templates. The as-prepared products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis techniques. The as-prepared α-Fe2O3 has the porous nanorods structured with the length of about 200 nm, diameter of about 50 nm and high surface area (255.2 m2•g-1). The gas-sensing measurement results demonstrated that the sensor of porous α-Fe2O3 nanorods presented high response to ethanol vapor and which can response to ethanol vapor at low-temperature. Due to the exciting gas-sensing properties, the as-prepared porous α-Fe2O3 nanorods would be an ideal candidate for the application in ethanol sensors.
Effect of the Solid-Solution Treatment on the Die-Casting Structures and Properties of Commercial RE-AZ91 Mg Alloy
Authors: Li Yao , Yang Jun Jie , Yu Wu Xin , Xue Ping , Zuo Zhi Jiang , Tan Xin
Published: February 2012

Effect of the solid-solution treatment on the casting structures and properties of the die-casting Mg alloy was explored through the way of adding mixed rare earths Y, Gd and Nd into the commercial Re-AZ91 Mg alloy . The results show that the solid-solution treatment could improve effectively the microstructures of the alloy, and Mg17Al12 phrase on the grain boundaries could transform from network struture into dotlike or granular one. At the same time, the compounds on the grain boundaries were less than those before the solid-solution treatment, the compounds were dispersed inside the grain . Both the microstructures and the mechanics properties of the alloy could be improved remarkably, and also, the tensile strength σb could reach over 280MPa, the elongation ratio δ over 9% when the temperature of the solid-solution treatment was between 270°C and 410°C. When the temperature of the solid-solution treatment exceeded 420°C, coarse Al-RE compounds would be formed inside the alloy, which could reduce the mechanics properties of AZ91 Mg Alloy.
Study on Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Nitrogen-Annealed Nd-Fe-B Nanocomposite Magnets
Authors: Wang Chen , Chen Jun Jun , Dai Pin Qiang , Li Qiang
Published: February 2012

The effects of nitrogen annealing on the microstructure and magnetic properties of melt-spun Nd-Fe-Co-Zr-B alloy have been studied. It is shown that the ribbons annealed in purified argon atmosphere are composed of Nd2Fe14B and α-Fe phases, the microstructure of ribbons is homogeneous and fine-grained. The nitrogen-annealed ribbons are composed of Nd2Fe14B, NdBN2and α-Fe phases, the microstructure of ribbons is relatively heterogeneous and coarse-grained. The increase of nitrogen content in the annealing atmosphere can increase the volume fractions of NdBN2and α-Fe phases in the ribbons. The remanence, intrinsic coercivity and the maximum energy product of ribbons are decreased with increasing the nitrogen content in the annealing atmosphere.
Effect of Compound Modification on Microstructure and Properties of High Silicon Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Liu Niu Can , Kang Guang Sheng , Liu Zhong Xia
Published: February 2012

Double compound modification was carried out for hypereutectic Al-24Si alloy. The experiment showed that double modification with phosphorus and rare earth can fine the microstructure of alloy. The complex modifications of phosphorus and rare earth make the coarse block primary silicon obviously refined and the large needle eutectic silicon modified to the fine fibrous or lamella ones. The alloys with the additions of 0.10% P(phosphorus) and 0.90% RE(rare earth) have the optimal microstructure and the highest mechanical properties. Compared with the unmodified alloy, the primary silicon of alloys can be refined from 93.5μm to 24.1μm. The tensile strength is improved from 248MPa to 305MPa and the elongation is improved from 0.31% to 0.47%. Mechanism of double compound modification with phosphorus and rare earth is discussed as well.
Resonant Third-Order Optical Nonlinearities of the Stretch-Oriented Cyanine-Dye-Doped Poly(vinyl Alcohol) Films
Authors: Jin Zhao Hui , Gao Hua Jing , Han Yong Wu
Published: February 2012

Stretch-oriented cyanine-dye-doped poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films were prepared at temperatures above the glass transition temperature of PVA. The optical absorption spectra of the stretch-oriented films exhibited an anisotropy. The third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities of the stretch-oriented films were measured parallel and perpendicular to the stretching direction by the resonant femtosecond degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) technique, and a high anisotropic X(3) was observed for the uniaxially stretch-oriented cyanine-dye-doped PVA films.
Design and Manufacturing of High Concentration Reflected Photovoltaic Module
Authors: Lin Yu Li , Hsu Cheng Yi , Chiang Yu De
Published: February 2012

The task of this study is to find the optimal condition of designed High Concentration Reflected Photovoltaic (HCRPV) module by simulation method whose concentration ratio is set to be 872 and 78.5. This simulated optimal condition was then utilized to fabricate HCRPV module. From simulation results, the light collective efficiency, the energy uniformity, the shape of light spot diagrams can be obtained. It was found that square based pyramid light guide tube can effectively improve the uniformity of light on model A structure. When the slope angle of square based pyramid shape of light guide tube is set to be 3 degree, the focal length of the first mirror is 60mm and the secondary mirror vertex distance is designed to be 93.1mm, the HCRPV module have the best performance. It was also found that the light collective efficiency can be reached to about 97.7% with these conditions. On model B structure, the size was reduced to 9 times without light guide comparing to model A structure. It was also found that the light collective efficiency can also be reached to about 97.1%. The Aluminum HCRPV module was then fabricated according to the optimal simulated conditions. When the HCRPV module was coated with silver material, the voltage on the multi-junction solar cell was measured to be 2.7V and 2.68V, the current was measured to be 2.83A and 0.63A corresponding to model A and B structures, as the solar energy of illumination is 800 W/m2. The power is measured to about 7.64W and 1.7W corresponding to model A and B structures.
Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Optical Material Based on Zinc-Tetraphenylporphyrin
Authors: Li Xiao Kang , He Xiao Hui , Chen Yi Wang , Fan Xiao Lin , Zeng Qing Dao
Published: February 2012

Supramolecular complex，Zinc-tetraphenylporphyrin, 4,4’-azopyridine, Luminescence. Abstract. A new supramolecular complex(C44H28N4Zn)2•(C10H8N4)•(C7H8)(1) has been prepared by Zinc-tetraphenylporphyrin(ZnTPP) coordinated with 4,4’-azopyridine, which has been characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction.The electronic absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra reveal that the complex displays strong blue light and fluorescence, which is a good optical material.
Experiment and Analyses on 16 Mn Steel under Cyclic Loading Controlled by Strain
Authors: Zhang Qiu Ling , Xiang Yang Kai , Xiao Guang Hong
Published: February 2012

The uniaxial and multiaxial non-proportional cyclic experiments of 16Mn steel under strain-control were carried out using MTS809 machine and Teststar control system. Cyclic softening was observed for 16Mn steel under strain-control cyclic loading. The restraining effects of mean strain, strain amplitude, non-proportional loading path and their histories to subsequent cyclic softening were revealed, and some useful conclusions for establishing constitutive model of non-proportional cyclic were obtained
Adsorption Kinetics of Cr (VI) onto Strong Alkaline Anion Exchange Fiber from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Wang Wen Qing , Li Ming Yu , Zeng Qing Xuan
Published: February 2012

The adsorption kinetics of strong alkaline anion exchange fiber for Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions was investigated. The adsorption was a fast process. Kinetics data for adsorption of Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions were in good agreement with the pseudo-second rate equation within an initial concentration range of 50-500 mgL-1. Both the equilibrium capacity and initial adsorption rate increased with an increase in Cr (VI) initial concentration. The adsorption process had combined control by chemisorption and physisorption, including film diffusion and intra-particle diffusion.
Swelling Behaviors of Acrylic-Based Superabsorbent Fibers
Authors: Liu Qi Xia , Ding Zhi Rong , Dong Zhen
Published: February 2012

The swelling behaviors of SAF in distilled water and various saline solutions were investigated and the absorption mechanism of SAF was discussed. Emphasises were laid on the effects of swelling time, saline solutions as well as the pH values of solutions on water absorbency of SAF. Results showed that water absorbency of SAF was significantly influenced by ion concentration and ionic valence of saline solutions as well as the pH values of solutions, but it was less affected by swelling time after reaching swelling equilibrium. The absorption mechanism of SAF is consistent with Flory’s theory of network and the osmotic pressure difference between SAF and the external solution is the motive force for swelling of SAF.
Calculation Model of Mass Action Concentrations for CaO-MnO-FeO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3 Slags Based on the Ion and Molecule Coexistence Theory
Authors: Yang Xiao Hong , Ma Xiao Chun , Wu Cheng Chuan , Cheng Guo Guang
Published: February 2012

According to the ion and molecule coexistence theory (IMCT) of slag structure and corresponding phase diagrams, a thermodynamic model for calculating mass action concentrations of structural units or ion couples of CaO-MnO-FeO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3 slags was established. Equilibrium mass action concentrations of each structure unit were gained. And the calculation results of NFeO and NMnO were compared with measured aFeO and aMnO. The comparison shows that the calculated values of NFeO and NMnO are in good agreement with the reported measured values of aFeO and aMnO, so this calculating model could fairly describe the characteristics of the slag system.
Electrocatalytic Property for H2O2 Reduction of β-Ni(OH)2 Nanosheets
Authors: Feng Li Jin , Wang Xia , Yang Zhi Ai , Song Xu Chun
Published: February 2012

The β-Ni(OH)2 nanosheets are fabricated by a hydrothermal method. The products are characterized in detail by multiform techniques: X-ray diffraction(XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis(EDS), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The results show that the obtained products are nanosheets with diameters of 100-200 nm, and thickness ranging from 10nm to 15 nm . The prepared β-Ni(OH)2 nanosheets are used as electrode materials to study the electrocatalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in 0.5 M NaOH solution.
Absorption of Methyl Orange by Modified Fly Zeolites
Authors: Yu Xiao Hua , Lü Hai Liang , Zhou Guo Wei , Zhou Li Guo , Zhang Yong Chun
Published: February 2012

In the present study, three kinds of zeolite (NaP1, NaA, and NaX) were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. These zeolites were modified by cetyl trimethyl-ammonium bromide (CTAB), and used to adsorb methyl orange (MO). NaP1 had the highest adsorption capacity, with a 99.7% MO removal percentage. An orthogonal experiment was conducted to determine the influence of adsorbent dosage, solution pH, initial MO concentration, contact time, and solution temperature on NaP1. The results showed that the initial MO concentration had the most significant effect. The adsorption isotherms of the zeolites are in a good agreement with the Langmuir formula, and the adsorption mechanism is also discussed.
Preparation and Magnetostriction of Epoxy-Bonded Pr(Fe0.4Co0.6)1.93 Composites
Authors: Liu X , Liu J.J , Lin R.R , Yin H.Y , Liu X.C , Si P.Z
Published: February 2012

The magnetostrictive Pr(Fe0.4Co0.6)1.93alloy with MgCu2-type structure, and its 0-3 and pseudo 1-3 type epoxy-bonded composites were fabricated by curing without and with a magnetic field. The structural, magnetic and magnetoelastic properties were investigated by means of x-ray diffraction, a vibrating sample magnetometer and a standard strain technique. The 0-3 type composite has a larger magnetostriction than the 1-3 composite has, which can be ascribed to the easy magnetization direction (EMD) not lying along direction.
Analysis on Vibration Response Based on Suspension Stiffness for Full-Floating Cab
Authors: Ji Peng , Zhao Yong Bo
Published: February 2012

In this paper, aiming at vibration problem existed in the development of full-floating cab, a multi-body model of full-floating cab was set up and used to analyze its mode and vibration response. The influence of suspension stiffness for cab vibration performance was optimized. The results indicate the key vibration mode of full-floating cab was decoupled by reasonable match of front and rear suspension stiffness and vibration response was improved obviously.
Analysis of a Fluxgate Incorporating Demagnetization Field
Authors: Li Ju Ping , Liu Shi Bin , Feng Wen Guang , Guo Bo
Published: February 2012

It is not accurate incorporating the demagnetizing field by the average demagnetizing factor due to the time variations of the permeability and the dependence of the demagnetization field on the permeability of the sample material. Especially when the magnetic field changes with the position greatly, the local demagnetizing tensor can't be simplified as a number D, thus the internal field H can't be described by demagnetization coefficient D. Although the transient magnetic simulation using the finite-element method can give a correct result, the computation time is relatively too long. Especially for voltage source excitation, a number of trial transient magnetic simulations have to be performed to find the suitable number of winding, the voltage supply, and the excitation frequency. To reduce the optimization time, a method was proposed in this work. With our method only one transient magnetic simulation with current source excitation using the finite-element method was needed. Optimization can be performed using HSPICE. Experiment results confirmed the validity of our method.
Structural Evolution of Mechanically Alloyed Nanocrystalline Fe25Al50Ni25 Intermetallics
Authors: Cao Qi Zhi , Zhang Jing , Li Jian Ying
Published: February 2012

Nanostructured Fe25Al50Ni25intermetallics was prepared directly by mechanical alloying (MA) in a high-energy planetary ball-mill. The phase transformations and structural changes occurring in the studied material during mechanical alloying were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Thermal behavior of the milled powders was examined by differential thermal analysis (DTA). Disordered Al(Fe,Ni) solid solution was formed After 50 h of milling. Al(Fe,Ni) solid solution milled for 100h transformed into FeNi,FeNi3 and AlNi3 phase. The power annealed at temperature 500 results in forming of intermetallics AlFe0.23Ni0.77, Al1.1Ni0.9 , AlNi and two unknown phase after 5h milling. The nanocrystalline metallic compound was obtained after 100h milling.
Dispersion of TiH2 Foaming Agent in Precursors via Melt Route
Authors: Wang Jun , Zuo X.Q , Kennedy A.R , Lu J.S. , Zhou Y
Published: February 2012

The dispersion of TiH2 particles stirred into an Al-9Si melt, to produce a precusor for subsequent foaming, has been studied. The effects of processing parameters have been related to measured changes in the viscosity of the melt. The results show that 610°C is the key point in the temperature - viscosity relationship. Below 610°C, the viscosity increases greatly with decreasing temperature and only above this temperature, when the viscosity increases slowly with temperature, can good dispersions be obtained. The uniformity of the foaming agent dispersion is improved by increasing the melt temperature, stirring speed and stirring time. However, clusters of foaming agent still exist with rotational speeds of 3000rpm and stirring for 30s. Extrusion of the precursor can be used to improve the uniformity of the foaming agent such that very few foaming agent clusters exist and the variation in foaming agent concentration with position in the precursor is very small.
Investigation on Oxidation Resistance of the Flint Clay-Andalusite-Silicon Carbide Composite
Authors: Yang Huan Ying , Li Yong , Xia Wen Bin , Li Yan Jing
Published: February 2012

The composite samples using flint clay, andalusite and silicon carbide as starting material are made from the proportion of 35:60:5, 45:50:5, 55:40:5, 65:30:5 respectively. The samples are sintered at 1200°C,1300°C,1400°C,1450°C and 1500°C holding 4hrs separately. Both microstructure and mechanism of oxidation were analyzed by XRD and SEM. The results show that the samples have good resistance against oxidization below 1500°C, only the sample of fourth formula perform excellent and have the thinnest oxidation layer between all the formulas at 1500°C.
J Integral of Steel Fiber Reinforced High Strength Concrete
Authors: Zhang Ting Yi , Zheng Guang He , Wang Ping , Zhang Kai , Cai Huai Sen
Published: February 2012

Through the three-point bending test on the specimens of steel fiber reinforced high strength concrete (SFHSC), the effects of influencing factors including water-cement ratio (W/C) and the fiber volume fraction (ρf) upon the critical value(JC) of J integral were studied. The results show that the variation tendencies of JC are different under different factors. JC meets the linear statistical relation with W/C, ρf, respectively.
Study on Model Test and Consolidating Mechanism of Piles Thrusted-Expanded in Column-Hammer
Authors: Liu Xi Yuan , Li Fan , Zhang Pan , Han Hong Xia
Published: February 2012

Method of piles thrusted-expanded with column-hammer is a ground treatment method which has Chinese characteristics. In order to study the consolidating mechanism of the ground treatment method, indoor model tests of thrusting hole and tamping pile are carried on and the consolidating mechanism is studied. At the same time, the influence factors of thrusting hole and tamping pile, such as the different tamping energy and diameter of column-hammer, are analyzed. The analysis results indicate that thrusting hole by column-hammer has the effect of lateral compacting and strongly tamping at the bottom of hole. In the tamping piles by column-hammer, the effect of expanding the bottom of pile and secondary compaction are very great. The conclusions will provide the technology basis for the optimizing the design of the ground treatment method.
Green City Designing Based on Sustainable Development
Authors: Xu Jian Feng , Li Bing
Published: February 2012

Green city planning theory is the renovation and development of modern urban planning theory. It bases firmly on the ecologic philosophy and emphasize the dynamic harmony and organic unification of different factors. explore how to implement the Central Business District in urban planning for sustainable development.
Experimental Studies on Abiochemistry Anchor Bolt
Authors: Wang Xiao Cui , Luo Xin Jiang
Published: February 2012

A kind of abiochemistry anchor bolt was studied by a series of systematic tests. Its anchorage agent is a kind of special cement that cures quickly with the final setting time within 7 min, and compressive strength of the special cement can reach 19.2 MPa within 1h. The glutinous strength between the anchor bolt and the cement reaches 110 kg/cm2, and the glutinous strength between the cement and the rock or coal mass also reaches 47 kg/cm2. Early tensile force of the anchor bolt is high, which amounts to 14 ton after installed 1h. This kind of anchor bolt can be made simply and cheaply, installed conveniently and applied to different engineering problems.
Discussion on Control of Hazardous Materials in Ship Recycling Activities
Authors: Du Zun Feng , Wang Hua , Xu Hui , Li Cheng , Yan Hong Sheng , Xu Hua Li , Xu Wan Hai , Li Hong Wei
Published: February 2012

Almost all obsolete vessels contain hazardous materials, which may affect environment and health of workers and will be handed over to registered waste management facility for further treatment and disposal. How to control these hazardous materials and wastes has become one important issue. In this paper, the category, application, location and effect of the hazardous materials onboard were presented. Then, the current status of worldwide major ship recycling yards was analyzed. Finally, the related international conventions and standards were introduced. As we all know, ship recycling operations are often carried out in developing countries, especially in Asia, due to low cost and imperfect regulations. We believe that Chinese ship-breaking companies with the positive response to Hong Kong Convention and the improvement of the management regulation, facilities, operation condition and labor protection, will get the favor of various international ship-owners.
Study on Grinding Aids of Different Organic Group
Authors: Lin Hai Yan , Yang Yong Fu , Wang Yu Jiang
Published: February 2012

Organic substances containing hydroxyl group and alcohol amine group were chosen in this paper and the effects of different organic group on powder properties and physical performance of cement pastes were studied using various methods of analysis, such as particle size analysis, fluidness analysis and XRD. The results show that monohydric alcohols have a neglectable aid-grinding effect. For Polyhydric alcohols and ethanol amine, the absorption capacity of the hydroxyl group or amido on the surface of the powder may increase in relation to the increase in groups, which can increase fineness but cannot improve the fluidity. For Diethanolamine and Triethanolamine, the absorption on the powder mainly depends on the hydroxyl group, but the amido has a strong electrostatic repulsive force, so the dispersion of the powder not only comes from high steric hindrance effect, but also the electrostatic repulsive force, which can improve the powder’s dispersity, reduce sieve residue and increase the fluidity. This research paper provides a theoretical guide for the application of grinding aids.
Preparation of Porous Silicon and Effect of Gettering on the Resistivity
Authors: Guo Su Xia , Tan Yi , Li Jia Yan , Li Ya Qiong , Liu Chen Guang
Published: February 2012

The porous silicon layer was fabricated by electrochemical etching process using an aqueous HF-based electrolyte. The characterizations of porous silicon layer were investigated by Emission-type scanning electron microscope (SEM), Raman spectra and X-ray diffraction (XRD). With the current density increasing, the pore diameter and density become much bigger. This result also was confirmed by Raman spectra and XRD result of samples, which revealed the decreasing of grain size of silicon. The resistivity of crystalline silicon increased when the porous layer was removed after heat treatment at 850°C for 2.5h, which should be attributed to the gettering process of porous silicon.
Research Advances of Element-Doped Nanocrystalline Titanium Dioxide Thin Films
Authors: Zhang Bo , Wen Feng , Cao Yang
Published: February 2012

Narrow range of visible light response and low photo-quantum are the “bottleneck” for the development of Titanium dioxide film. Doping with other ions can improve the absorption rate of visible light and improve the TiO2 photocatalytic activity by reducing the band gap of TiO2 effectively and changing the electron-hole recombination rate. The recent progress of photocatalytic performance of ions-doped TiO2 films is reviewed in this paper. Finally, the current existing problems are also presented.
A Study on the Liquid Mulching Film of Lignin
Authors: Wang Zhe , Xue Jing Wen , Liu Wen Xia
Published: February 2012

Liquid mulching film was prepared with technical gramineae lignin from waste pulping liquid via hydroxymethylation and then cross-linking reaction with urea or aromatic ring of lignin. Results showed the amount of lignin added had an influence on the property, viscosity and water resistance of liquid film material. This influence was little when lignin dosage was less than 30%, but turned apparent when lignin dosage was higher than 30%. The optimum lignin quantity was 30%. The growth of plant was accelerated when the concentration of liquid film material was around 1000 mg/L. Both planstic and liquid mulching film could improve soil temperature, the result of liquid film was a little worse than that of plastic film, but was better than the control. The optimum lignin dosage was 30% which had the best heat incubation effect.
Study on the Photocatalytic Degradation of Diesel Pollutants in Seawater by a Sonochemically Prepared Nano Zinc Oxide
Authors: Hu Dong Dong , Yu Xiao Cai , Zhang Min , Guo Ji Yao , Zheng Xv
Published: February 2012

Semiconductor ZnO nanocrystal has been synthesized by a sonochemical method and characterized by XRD and SEM techniques. The results indicate that the as-prepared ZnO is of hexagonal wurtzite structure. The photocatalytic degradation of diesel pollutants in seawater is investigated by utilization of ZnO in simulated diesel-polluted seawater exposed to UV irradiation. In the experiment, the influences of ZnO dosage, initial concentration of diesel, pH value, photocatalytic degradation reaction time and the presence of assistance oxidant peroxide, respectively, on the diesel pollutants removal from seawater are investigated. A systematic optimization study is carried out through a orthogonal test on the basis of the results of the single-factor experiments. It reveals that when the experiment is undertaken under the very condition: the ZnO dosage is 1g/L, the initial concentration of diesel 1g/L, the pH value 7, the reaction time 3h and the concentration of peroxide 0.16%, the removal rate of diesel pollutants in seawater is expected to reach 84 %.
A Study on Engineering Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete Containing Waste LCD Glass
Authors: Wang Her Yung , Chen Tung Tsan , Hsieh Chia Sheng
Published: February 2012

This study investigates self-compacting glass concrete(SCGC), which was used at water-to-binder ratios (w/b) of 0.28, with four kinds of glass sand replaced at various volume replacement ratios (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%). Fly ash, blast furnace slag and superplasticizer were also added to research the engineering properties of concrete. With increasing amounts of replacement up to 30%, results show that: (1) slump flow and V-funnel time are increased; (2) 340 mm is passed at 0min, and the filling level is elevated at 45 min; (3) the compressive strength of SCGC aged 28 days at various replacement ratios rises up to 60 MPa. The ultrasonic pulse velocity and electrical resistance are also enhanced with increasing age and replacement. After 56 days, the electric resistivity is higher than 20 KΩ-cm, and the shrinkage of SCGC falls within 0.2%. This study suggests than SCGC has superior engineering properties. A mechanism for LCD optical waste glass usage can be established to achieve industrial waste minimization, resource recycling, and economic security
Remote Monitoring in Distributed Measurement System Using DataSocket JavaBean and Java Applet
Authors: Li Jian Wen , Ma Bo Yuan
Published: February 2012

This paper describes in detail a Web-based, browser-server architecture specifically designed to allow live data transmission and a flexible management of remote instruments. The DataSocket and Java applet developed using the DataSocket JavaBean are used to stream live data from the instrument to remote clients. Remote monitoring is developed by the employment of the TCP/IP protocol suite and Java applet, and the results can be displayed by general web browser. This approach shows an effective and a feasible way for applications development for remote monitoring.
Thermodynamic Calculation of Microalloy Precipitation in Austenite Region for Fe-C-N-Al-Ti-Nb Steel
Authors: Chang Li Zhong , Shi Xiao Fang , Zhou Li , Wang Jian Jun
Published: February 2012

A thermodynamic model of the microalloy precipitation elements in austenite region for Fe-C-N-Al-Ti-Nb steel has been established. Through calculating the action of the microalloying element in austenite, it can be found that carbon in steel accelerates the precipitation of Nb greatly, Nb in solution decreases quickly and the precipitation of Nb increases quickly with the increase of carbon. When the C in steel is low, the main constituent of the precipitation is TiN in high temperature, and TiN guadually turns to be NbC with the decrease of tempertature. When the carbon in steel is high，the main constituent in the precipitation is NbC even though the temperature is higher. The nitrogen in steel has a slight effect on NbN precipitation.
Effect of Inter-Rod Coupling on 1-3 Piezocomposite High-Power Ultrasonic Transducers
Authors: Lin Yu Li , Chen Gin Shin , Liu Hsin Chih , Lin Yu Cheng
Published: February 2012

Efficiency is a critical performance for a high-power ultrasonic transducer composed of 1-3 piezocomposites and geometric parameters of the composites can influence the efficiency of the transducer. The effect of inter-rod responses in the composite matrix on the efficiency was experimentally investigated in this study. For analyses, four PZT4-epoxy composite ultrasonic transducers with various volume fractions and inter-rod spacing were fabricated in-house. The experimental results demonstrated that the inter-rod coupling of the 0.1-mm spacing could significantly degrade the efficiency of the composite probe at about 1.0 MHz resonance since the 0.1-mm spacing between PZT4 rods was so small as to cause a high interference. At the same volume fraction, the transducer engineer should take the inter-rod coupling into account for the design of the high-power ultrasonic transducer.
Research on Teaching Strategy Based on Individual Requirements under E-Learning Environment
Authors: Wang Hua
Published: February 2012

Research on e-Learning in recent years has made great achievements in the exploration and practice of teaching. However, it is urgent that the special characteristics of e-Learning calls for revisiting to the current teaching strategy under e-Learning environment. A novel teaching strategy model based on individual requirements is proposed to improve the efficiency and adaptability in the teaching process under e-Learning environment. The architecture of the proposed teaching strategy is presented by employing relevant middleware model.
Synthesis and Shape Memory Effect of Poly(Glycerol-Sebacate) Elastomer
Authors: Liu Li Li , Yi Fa Cheng , Cai Wei
Published: February 2012

Poly (glycerol-sebacate) (PGS) is a recently synthesized elastomer with superior mechanical property, biocompatibility and biodegradation, and serves as soft tissue regeneration and engineering materials or contact guidance materials. The samples for shape memory measurements were prepared by a two steps method. The microstructure and thermal properties of PGS are studied by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA) methods. The shape memory effect of PGS is recorded by bending test. It was found that a crosslinked, three-dimensional network of the PGS acting as fixed phase and the amorphous phase of the PGS acting as reversible phase are the two necessary conditions for PGS with shape memory behavior. The response temperature of shape memory is dependent on the glass transition temperature of PGS. The PGS polymer with a high elasticity and a shape-memory ratio of almost 100% showed excellent shape memory effect.
Relationship between Sequence Length and Thermal Properties of Poly(ethylene Terephthalate-Co-4, 4’-Bibenzoate) (PETBB)
Authors: Jiang Jian Ming , Dai Jun Ming , Yang Sheng Lin , Li Guang
Published: February 2012

Poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-4,4’-bibenzoate)s (PETBBs) with 0-25mol% bibenzoate unit were prepared from terephthalic acid (PTA), 4,4'- bibenzoic acid (BBA) and ethylene glycol (EG). The chemical composition and number-average sequence length of the resultant PETBBs were investigated by 13C-NMR. It was improved that the chemical composition of PETBBs is identical with the feed ratio, and the number-average sequence length of PET segment (LPET) becomes reduced with increasing BBA unit. The molecular weights of PETBBs reaches the high level for practical use. DSC analysis explains that the glass transition temperature (Tg) increases almost linearly and the crystallization becomes difficulty with increasing content of BBA unit. X-ray diffraction also illustrates that both crystallinity and crystal size reduced as more BBA unit is incorporated. Moreover, the relationship between the number-average sequence length and the melting temperature was investigated. The linear correlation between the number-average sequence length (LPET) and the melting temperature was observed.
Synthesis of Star Cationic Polyacrylamide and its Application in the Retention and Drainage System of Papermaking
Authors: Shan Ying Ying , Fu Ying Juan , Qin Meng Hua
Published: February 2012

A new kind of star cationic polyacrylamide (S-CPAM) based on AM and DMC was synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The structure of the resulting product was characterized by FT-IR. S-CPAM was used as retention aid for papermaking and the influence of the application conditions such as dosage of S-CPAM, shearing, action time and pH value on the performance of S-CPAM were also investigated. The results showed that the S-CPAM could improve fines and fillers retention markedly by bridging mechanism and was relatively insensitive to shearing and pH value of the papermaking system.
Adsorption of Food Dye onto Gelatin Microspheres: pH Effect in Kinetics and Mechanism
Authors: Xue Hai Yan , Han Fang , He Bao Yuan
Published: February 2012

Gelatin microspheres (GMSs) prepared by the inverse suspension cross-linking reaction, was characterised by scanning electron microscopy. The influence of pH on kinetics and mechanism was verified. The kinetic models such as pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models were selected to understand the reaction pathways and mechanism of adsorption process. Adsorption of food red 7 (FR7) and food yellow 2 (FY2) onto GMSs occurred by chemisorption. For both dyes, adsorption occurred by film and intraparticle diffusion, and the pH increase caused an increase in film diffusion resistance. The biomass GMSs had a substantial potential for removing food dye from wastewater owing to great adsorption capacity and adsorption rate to dye.
Enriching Valuable Elements in Tailings Re-Concentration of Bayan Obo Mine by Direct Reduction
Authors: Jiang Yin Ju , Zhao Zeng Wu , Xu Zhang Yin , Li Bao Wei
Published: February 2012

For the re-concentration minerals of RE dressing tailings in Bayan Obo mine, Fe and P compounds were selectively reduced by the methods of coal-based direct reduction in reactionary pot. The metal and slag in sponge iron obtained from reduction was melted and separated. Compared to that in re-concentration minerals, the content of valuable elements oxide in melt-separation slag was enriched to about 2.5 times. Therefore, melt-separation slag can be used as the basic material to extract the valuable elements.
The Characterization of TiO2 Films Prepared by Pyrolysis
Authors: Hu Xiao Tian , Xie Bing , Zhang Shao Hua
Published: February 2012

Preparation of TiO2 thin films by pyrolysis was investigated. Butyl titanate and ACAC were dispersed in ethanol solvent, then transferring the whole solution on the glass substrate and getting TiO2 films by vaporizing and decomposing the chelating butyl titanate at a certain temperature. The surface morphology of the prepared TiO2 films was characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and atomic force microscope (AFM), showing the influences on the surface morphology at different preparation temperatures and chelant amount.
Grey Relational Grade Analysis between Vickers Hardness and Fatigue Crack Growth Data of 2024-T351 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Ni Chih Chung
Published: February 2012

Compact tension specimens cut from 2024-T351 aluminum-alloy plate were used for Vickers hardness tests under low-force scale and then for fatigue crack growth tests under sinusoidal loads, and the scattered data sets obtained including Vickers hardness, initiation cycle and specimen life, exponent m and intercept C of Paris-Erdogan law were collected as a factor set with five factor series for analysis of grey relational grade. Nominal value method was adopted for the preprocess referred to as grey relational generation to obtained new factor series, and then Hsia’s method was used to calculate the grey relational grades among new factor series. The analyzed result named global grey relational grade in matrix form with dimension of shows three main findings: (1) Vickers hardness has the largest influence on specimen life, and vice versa. (2) Vickers hardness, specimen life, and m have a large influence on each other. (3) C has the least influence on any other factors, and vice versa.
Hardness of Rapidly Solidified Al-High Si Alloys
Authors: Alshmri F. , Atkinson H.V.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. Aluminum high silicon alloys have concerned many researchers due to their high wear resistance, lightness, high corrosion resistance and low thermal expansion. Casting of high silicon Al-Si alloys (i.e. Si content greater than 17 wt.%) will generate large degrees of segregation and coarse microstructures due to the low rates of solidification. The problems associated with ingot casting of hypereutectic Al-Si alloys (i.e. segregation, coarse microstructures and porosity) may be overcome by rapid solidification processing such as spray, weld, and chill methods (e.g. melt spinning). The alloys under consideration here contain Al, Si, Zr, Cu, Mg, Fe and Ni. These alloys were produced by rapid solidification i.e. melt spinning. The aim of this paper is to characterise the hardness of material produced by rapid solidification at various stages of production. Several alloy variants were examined and relate the hardness to the microstructure. Piston A390 made by casting was examined for comparison.
In-Plane Crushing of Triangular Honeycomb Cores, Part II: Under Dynamic Loadings
Authors: Sun De Qiang , Guo Yan Feng , Xia Rong Hou
Published: February 2012

The dynamic behaviors of triangular honeycombs cores (THCs) are investigated by using the finite element (FE) simulations under the in-plane dynamic crushing loadings. With the increasing impact velocities, different deformation modes are observed and the kinetic energy of specimen increases rapidly. The in-plane dynamic plateau stress is the sum of the static plateau stress and the dynamic enhancement due to the inertia effect. The static plateau stress has been discussed in Part I. When all configuration parameters are kept constant, the dynamic enhancement stress is proportional to the square of impact velocity. For a given impact velocity, the dynamic enhancement stress is proportional to the density of THCs when the expanding angle is kept constant. The in-plane dynamic plateau stress is expressed empirically in terms of configuration parameters and impact velocity.
Nonlinear Stability Analysis for FGM Shallow Conical Shells Subjected to Thermal and Mechanical United Loads
Authors: Xu Jia Chu , Deng Chao , Wang Hao
Published: February 2012

Based on the Von Karman large deflection theory of shallow shell, the problem of nonlinear stability of symmetrically FGM shallow conical shells under the action of mechanical and thermal loads is investigated. The nonlinear governing equation under the united action of mechanical and thermal loads of FGM shallow conical shells whose physical parameters change with the power rate is derived and solved by the modified iteration method. The nonlinear characteristic relation of load, deflection and temperature is obtained. The extremum buckling principle is employed to determine the critical buckling load. The influences of gradient constants, geometric parameters and temperature differences on buckling are discussed as well.
The Oxide Inclusion, Microstructure and Properties of Low Alloying Steels
Authors: Li Shu Rui , Wang Xue Min , Zheng Chao Chao , He Xin Lai
Published: February 2012

The influence of the oxide inclusions on the microstucture, properties and the Heat-affected-zone (HAZ) toughness of low alloy steels has been investigated. The low alloying steels were smelted with special oxide introduction technique and the properties of HAZ have been studied with thermo-simulation. The type, size and distribution of the non-metal inclusions in steels has been studied by optical microscope and scanning electronic microscope (SEM). The microstructure and mechanical properties of base metal and samples undergoing welding thermo-simulation were also analyzed. The results show that the inclusions in experimental steel are mainly complex inclusions composed of oxide containing Ti and MnS, these complex inclusions are distributed homogenously and their size is between 1 and 3 micron. The microstructure of HAZ consists of intragranular acicular ferrite (IAF), intergranular ferrite and small amount of lath bainite while the cooling time during the phase transformation between 800°C and 500°C (t8/5) is short. After the thermo simulation with t8/5 increasing the toughness of HAZ decreased and the size of prior austenite grain increased. If the size of the austenite grain decreased the amount of IAF also decreases.
Three-Dimensional Elastic-Plastic Constraint Analysis for Side Crack Tension Specimen
Authors: Wang Zhong Xian , Jiao Guang Chen
Published: February 2012

A in-plane stress constraint factor Ciand a out-of-plane stress constraint factor Coare introduced to study the three-dimensional stress state and the elastic-plastic constraint effect of the crack tip. The deep crack specimens(a/W=0.5) and the shallow crack specimens(a/W=0.1) with different thicknesses are performed in the present study. By using the finite element analysis, the result shows that the thickness effect of the deep crack specimens is more obvious than that of the shallow crack specimens. For the deep crack specimens, the crack constraint enhances with the specimen thickness increase. When the specimen thickness is equal to the specimen width, the constraint levels in the middle 2/3 thickness of the specimen approach to those from the plane strain analyse. For the shallow crack specimens, the crack constraint is almost fixedness when the specimen thickness changes from three times of a crack length to a specimen ligament length. Namely, increased thickness is helpless to enhance the crack constraint effect. Therefore, a shallow crack specimen may be designed by the lesser thickness than the standard deep crack specimen.
The Two Dimensions Analysis of Localzation Bandwidth in Material Distortion
Authors: Dong Ting Jian , Cheng Gang
Published: February 2012

The paper studies strain localization and stability of material by simple harmonic motion by using rate dependent and gradient-dependent models. The laws of Internal Length Scales and stability of material are obtained at two-dimensionals condition for two mixture models. The conditions of wavelengh’s lower limit and stability of material are confirmed. Thus, a formula of strain localization band width about material at the condition of one and two dimensions is obtained.
Monitoring and Characterization of Chemical Shrinkage during Curing in a RTM Resin
Authors: Li Xue Qin , Zhang Zi Long , Yi Xiao Su
Published: February 2012

Chemical cure shrinkage of polymer matrix is a significant source of residual strain formation in composite products during curing. In this paper, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors were used to monitor the free strain development caused by chemical shrinkage and compared with results of differential scanning calorimetry and rheological analysis. The results showed that the gel point could be clearly identified by FBG sensors and compressive residual strain of around 800με was caused by isothermal curing reaction after gelation. The relationship between the chemical shrinkage ratio and conversion degree was found to be nonlinear.
An Improved Standard Addition Method for Material Components Analysis
Authors: Ning Ri Bo , Xu Song Ning , Li Qian
Published: February 2012

An improved method of treating data from standard addition analysis for tracing components in samples was proposed. This method was based on the function relationship between content of tested element and measuring signal in theory or experiment. The added component was regarded as disturbance to the function relationship, and the content of tested element was obtained with solving function by mathematical method.
Research on Reduction Dearsenication in Molten Iron (Steel)
Authors: Wang Jian Jun , Chang Li Zhong , Zhou Li
Published: February 2012

The influence of different dearsenization agents on the arsenic removal in molten iron (steel) was studied. The result indicates that low temperature is beneficial to the process of arsenic removal reaction and the different dearsenication agents have different arsenic removal effects on arsenic containing molten iron . However, The dearsenication additive selected has a merely maximum arsenic removal rate of 58.6% while other dearsenic agents have the arsenic removal rate no higher than 25%. Relevant researches also indicate the phosphorus contained in the molten iron has a relatively significant influence on the arsenic removal rate. With the reduction of the content of phosphorus in the molten iron, the arsenic removal rate is improved significantly.
The Design of High Precision Temperature Control Circuit for DFB Laser Diode
Authors: Li Xiao Feng , Ma Jie , Liu Hai Feng , Zhang Shou Gang
Published: February 2012

A circuit using the singlechip as key component for temperature control for DFB laser diode is designed in this article. An imbalance electrical bridge for measuring the temperature of laser diode is used in this circuit, and the result of measurement is converted to digital quantity by ADC. After that, the error signal is gotten through the digital PID calculation. At last, the DAC chip make error signal be voltage to drive power amplifier for TEC. The function of set point and display of real time temperature is also added. After the test for a long time, we confirm the precision of temperature is better than ±0.001°C.