bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amino acid δ15N differences consistent with killer whale ecotypes in the Arctic and Northwest Atlantic
Authors: Matthews Cory J. D. , Lawson Jack W. , Ferguson Steven H.
Published: April 2021

Ecotypes are groups within a species with different ecological adaptations than their conspecifics. Eastern North Pacific (ENP) killer whale (Orcinus orca) ecotypes differ in their diet, behavior, and morphology, but the same is not known for this species in the eastern Canadian Arctic (ECA) and Northwest Atlantic (NWA). Using compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) of amino acids (AAs), we compared δ15N patterns of the primary trophic and source AA pair, glutamic acid/glutamine (Glx) and phenylalanine (Phe), in dentine collagen of (1) sympatric ENP killer whale ecotypes with well-characterized diet differences and (2) ECA/NWA killer whales with unknown diets. δ15NGlx-Phewas significantly higher in the ENP fish-eating (FE) than mammal-eating (ME) ecotype (19.2 ± 0.4‰ vs. 13.5 ± 0.7‰, respectively). Similar bimodal variation in δ15NGlx-Pheindicated analogous dietary divisions among ECA/NWA killer whales, with two killer whales having higher δ15NGlx-Phe(16.5 ± 0.0‰) than the others (13.5 ± 0.6‰). Inferences of dietary divisions between these killer whales were supported by parallel differences in threonine δ15N (–33.5 ± 1.6‰ and –40.4 ± 1.1‰, respectively), given the negative correlation between δ15NThrand TP across a range of marine consumers. CSIA-AA results for ECA/NWA whales, coupled with differences in tooth wear (a correlate for diet), are consistent with ecotype characteristics reported in ENP and other killer whale populations, thus adding to documented ecological divergence in this species worldwide.
Them and the Timbre of Gender
Authors: Knight Juanita Marchand , Marchand Crystal
Published: April 2021

Inspired by a question—“Trans singers exist, but what would we do with them?”—Marchand Knight, a classically trained soprano, began composing Them, an opera based on the lives of genderqueer artists Claude Cahun and Marcel Moore. These questions emerged as central to the piece: Does gender have a timbre? What are the semiotics of gender that are implicitly (or explicitly) embedded in operatic composition by librettists and composers, and how can they be used or dismantled in this work? How has the taming of the classical voice by the German Fach system stymied Western awareness of what falls outside the box? Through a combination of secondary and primary source research on opera culture, voice science and training methodologies, aesthetics, timbre perception, and gender semiotics, Marchand Knight and Marchand challenge the notion of gendered voices by looking at sounds praised outside of white, Eurocentric, patriarchal, classical vocal pedagogies.
Maternal and Fetal Outcome of Fever in Pregnancy
Authors: Raj Shwetha Surya , M. Sarmishta , M.G. Dhanalakshmi
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND This study was conducted to evaluate the maternal and fetal outcome of fever in pregnancy. METHODS The present study was a prospective observational study conducted from April 2012 – March 2014 among patients in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research Institute, and they were followed up to the time of delivery to determine the maternal and foetal outcome. This is a prospective study and sample size was 120 patients. All patients admitted with fever irrespective of the gestational age and parity were included in the study. The ethical committee of Ramachandra Medical College and Hospital approved the study. Reference CSP-MED / 13 / AUG / 08 / 47. RESULTS Fever in pregnancy nearing term has been associated with adverse outcomes. Even elevated temperature in the first trimester can lead to fetal loss. Urinary tract infection was the most common infection during pregnancy. E. coli was the most common organism isolated. Other aetiologies encountered were dengue, malaria, scrub typhus, leptospirosis, enteric fever, H1N1, Influenza A viral fever, respiratory tract infections, and chicken pox. The most frequently seen adverse outcome in this study was abortion. There was one maternal mortality due to H1N1 and one neonatal mortality due to dengue haemorrhagic fever which was transmitted to the fetus. There was one fetus with multiple anomalies and the mother had a history of chicken pox in the first trimester. There were 15 cases of premature rupture of membrane and 12 cases had preterm labour. Intrapartum fever was associated with postpartum haemorrhage and meconium-stained liquor in some mothers. CONCLUSIONS Fever during pregnancy can potentially lead to adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes even at a low-grade temperature of a short duration of less than a week. Even elevated temperature in the first trimester can lead to fetal loss. Fever in pregnancy nearing term has been associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Some virulent organisms can lead to fetal anomalies and maternal death. KEY WORDS Fever in Pregnancy, Maternal Outcome, Foetal Outcome
Dose Response Study of Magnesium Sulphate for Attenuation of Haemodynamic Response to Intubation
Authors: Nandal Sarita , Chatrath Veena , Kaur Harjinder , Reeta Reeta
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND Effects of pretreatment with magnesium sulphate for attenuation of haemodynamic response to intubation have been studied previously but its effects on hypertensive patients are not much studied. This study was conducted primarily to find the minimal effective dose of magnesium sulphate to control the haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation in controlled hypertensive patients. METHODS After institutional ethical committee clearance, a randomised, double blinded, clinical study was carried out among 90 American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status II, controlled hypertensive patients of age 30 - 60 years posted for elective surgery. Patients were randomly distributed into three equal groups as group I - received 30 mg / Kg magnesium sulfate and group II - received 40 mg / Kg magnesium sulfate before induction of anesthesia, while group III (control group) received 1.5 mg / Kg lidocaine bolus 90 seconds prior to intubation. The patients’ haemodynamic responses were noted before, during, and after intubation for 10 minutes. Steps taken to manage haemodynamic instability along with serum magnesium levels were also noted. To calculate the sample size, mean value of serum magnesium was taken in three groups to find out effect size as 0.0387. Taking alpha error 0.05 and power required 90 %, the sample size in each group was 30. RESULTS Groups were properly matched for their demographic data. Among all the groups changes in heart rate were comparable (P > 0.05) throughout the study period. In group I there was no significant change in mean arterial pressure (MAP) while in group II and group III a significant decrease was noticed (> 20 % of baseline value). Intervention was required to treat hypotension in significant number of patients in group II (nine patients) and group III (three patients). CONCLUSIONS In controlled hypertensive patients, magnesium in a dose of 30 mg / Kg intravenous is found optimal to attenuate the stress response following laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation, as further increase in dose can lead to significant hypotension. KEY WORDS Hypertension, Laryngoscopy, Lignocaine, Magnesium Sulphate, Intubation
Histopathological Changes in Adjacent Non-Tumour Mucosa in Trans Urethral Resection of Bladder Tumour Specimens of Bladder Carcinoma
Authors: Renjini Divya , Ponnappan Muthukrishnan Chirayil , Potty Vasudevan Sambu
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND Urinary bladder cancer is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates if not treated optimally. One of the causes of tumour recurrence is undiscovered residual tumour, and the existence of macroscopically invisible premalignant and malignant lesions of urothelium during the primary resection which can be detected by taking biopsy from apparently normal mucosa in the vicinity of the tumour during trans urethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT). The primary objective was to estimate the proportion of bladder tumour showing changes in adjacent non tumour mucosa in TURBT specimens, within a period of six months. The secondary objectives were to study the association between changes in non-tumour bladder mucosa with the recurrence, seen after six months, and to study the expression of P53 in adjacent non tumour mucosa of bladder cancer. METHODS All cases of bladder carcinoma from trans urethral resection of bladder tumour which were sent along with adjacent non tumour mucosa and received at Department of Pathology, MCH, Trivandrum, for a period of six months were included in the study. Adjacent mucosa sent along with TURBT specimen received at our department was collected. After processing, tissue is embedded in paraffin blocks and thin sections of 4 - 5 m thickness was taken and stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H & E). Using light microscopy, changes in adjacent mucosa were assessed for any abnormal changes and findings were correlated with collected data. P53 expression was studied in the adjacent mucosa. All details were entered in the proforma. Details collected were entered in Excel and analysed using SPSS software. RESULTS Out of 37 TURBT cases that were sent along with adjacent mucosa, 12 cases showed changes in adjacent mucosa accounting for 32.4 %. P53 positivity accounting for 18.9 %, was seen in abnormal mucosa change with carcinoma in situ and dysplasia. On follow up, 8 % of cases with positive biopsy finding showed recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Multiple biopsies from adjacent non tumour mucosa is not necessary for all patients with superficial bladder tumour. Positive findings in adjacent mucosa does not have significant correlation with tumour stage / grade, and tumour size, number of lesions or histopathological findings. Adjacent mucosa may be useful in detecting concomitant carcinoma in situ (CIS), which can be helpful in therapeutic approach. KEY WORDS Normal Looking Mucosa, TURBT, Bladder Cancer
Calcified Meningioma Presenting as Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone in an Elderly Patient - A Rare Case Report
Authors: Khanna Shivam , Gupte Yash , Godhiwala Parth , Agrawal Sachin , Kumar Sunil
Published: April 2021

In cancer patients, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is the leading cause of hyponatremia. 1 Hyponatremia is a serious disorder of dyselectrolytemia, linked with neurological symptoms that are life-threatening and it is the most common aetiology of tumour-related electrolyte imbalance.2 The tumours commonly causing hyponatremia of SIADH variety are lung, head-neck and breast tumours. SIADH has been documented in various malignancy types with numerous possible aetiologies apart from active malignancy.2,3 The aetiology distribution of SIADH in tumour patients are not completely known. Secondly, clinically, it is not clear which malignancy is most commonly associated with SIADH.3 Calcified meningioma presenting as SIADH had not been reported so far in the literature. Here a case of an elderly female with clinical features and brain imaging suggestive of meningioma associated with hyponatremia due to SIADH had been highlighted.
Uterine Perforation - A Spontaneous Recurrence
Authors: Desai Tanvi , D Muthulakshmi , G.N. Vasanthalakshmi , Vijayaraghavan Jaya
Published: April 2021

A 30-year-old female, gravida-3, para–1, live–1, abortion–1, admitted in Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER) at 37 weeks and 6 days of gestation–planned for elective lower segment Caesarean section. Growth scan done at 37 weeks showed fetal growth restriction (estimated fetal weight-EFW at 3rd centile) with uterine artery Doppler showing high resistance flow. She had mild anaemia (haemoglobin 9g / dl), B negative blood group, indirect Coomb’s test was negative, and injection anti D was not given antenatally. She had an uneventful antenatal period. In 2013, at 23-years of age, she was referred to SRIHER with high grade fever and lower abdominal pain for one-week duration. She had history of dilatation and curettage done one week back for missed abortion. Pelvic ultrasound and computed tomography showed an adnexal mass with air pockets suggestive of a pelvic abscess. She was taken up for emergency laparoscopy which revealed a pelvic abscess walled off by omental and bowel adhesions along with perforation on the upper part of the posterior surface of uterus with extensive sloughing. In view of the nulliparous status of the patient conservative management was opted for and decision was taken to preserve the uterus under stepped up antibiotic cover. Thorough peritoneal wash was given, and intraperitoneal drain was kept. Patient was intensively monitored. Though she developed features of evolving sepsis prompt critical care management resulted in her steady recovery without undergoing hysterectomy.1 In 2018, (G2A1) patient was planned for elective lower segment Caesarean section (LSCS) at 37 weeks. However, she came to our institute at 33 weeks and 4 days of gestation in early labour. In view of history of previous septic abortion with uterine perforation, she delivered by emergency lower segment Caesarean section. Baby was a late preterm girl, weighing 1.9 Kg, cried immediately at birth. Placenta and membranes were delivered in toto. Intraoperative period was uneventful. Posterior wall of uterus did not show any signs of the previous perforation. Postoperative period was uneventful.
Medication Treatment of Active Opioid Use Disorder in Veterans With Cirrhosis
Authors: Rogal Shari , Youk Ada , Agbalajobi Olufunso , Zhang Hongwei , Gellad Walid , Fine Michael J. , Belperio Pamela , Morgan Timothy , Good Chester B. , Kraemer Kevin
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Although opioid use disorder (OUD) is common in patients with cirrhosis, it is unclear how medication treatment for OUD (MOUD) is used in this population. We aimed to assess the factors associated with MOUD and mortality in a cohort of Veterans with cirrhosis and OUD.

METHODS:

Within the Veterans Health Administration Corporate Data Warehouse, we developed a cohort of Veterans with cirrhosis and active OUD, using 2 outpatient or 1 inpatient International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision codes from 2011 to 2015 to define each condition. We assessed MOUD initiation with methadone or buprenorphine over the 180 days following the first OUD International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision code in the study period. We fit multivariable regression models to assess the association of sociodemographic and clinical factors with receiving MOUD and the associations between MOUD and subsequent clinical outcomes, including new hepatic decompensation and mortality.

RESULTS:

Among 5,600 Veterans meeting criteria for active OUD and cirrhosis, 722 (13%) were prescribed MOUD over 180 days of follow-up. In multivariable modeling, MOUD was significantly, positively associated with age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] per year: 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–1.07), hepatitis C virus (AOR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.37–3.35), and other substance use disorders (AOR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.05–2.04) negatively associated with alcohol use disorder (AOR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.52–0.95), opioid prescription (AOR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.38–0.70), and schizophrenia (AOR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.37–0.95). MOUD was not significantly associated with mortality (adjusted hazards ratio = 1.20, 95% CI = 0.95–1.52) or new hepatic decompensation (OR = 0.57, CI = 0.30–1.09).

DISCUSSION:

Few Veterans with active OUD and cirrhosis received MOUD, and those with alcohol use disorder, schizophrenia, and previous prescriptions for opioids were least likely to receive these effective therapies.
History comes in bad cycles
Authors: Piercy Marge
Published: April 2021

A new poem by Marge Piercy.
I wake to the possible
Authors: Piercy Marge
Published: April 2021

A new poem by Marge Piercy.
These Brothers Chose Well
Authors: Yates Michael D.
Published: April 2021

Writer, editor, and prison activist Susie Day has written a beautiful, heartrending, and inspiring account of the friendship between Paul Coates and Eddie Conway. Both were born in the late 1940s and grew up in Black communities—Paul in Philadelphia and Eddie in Baltimore. Both were members of the Black Panther Party in the late 1960s and early '70s, and both were harassed by police for their radical activities as Party members. Eddie was wrongfully convicted of killing a Baltimore policeman and spent forty-four years in prison. Through it all, Paul was his steadfast friend and supporter, as well as partner in their political development and commitment to the liberation of Black people in the United States.
Abstractive Review Summarization based on Improved Attention Mechanism with Pointer Generator Network Model
Authors: Shobana J. , Murali M.
Published: April 2021

Nowadays online reviews play an important role by giving an helping hand to the customers to know about other customer’s opinions about the product they are going to purchase. This also guides the organizations as well as government sectors to increase their quality of product and services. So automatic review summarization becomes more important rather than summarizing it manually as it saves time. The aim of this work is to produce a comprehensive summary which includes all key content from the source text. The Proposed Automatic Review Summarization model with improved attention mechanism increases the semantic knowledge and thus improves the summary’s eminence. This encoder-decoder model aims to generate summary in an abstractive way. The Pointer generator mechanism solves the problem of rare words which are out-of-vocabulary and the repetition issues are overcome by coverage mechanism. Experiments were conducted on Amazon’s mobile reviews dataset reveals that the proposed methodology generated more accurate abstractive review summarization when compared with existing techniques. The performance of the summary report is measured using the evaluation metric ROUGE.
Advertising Appeals and Customer Loyalty in Telecommunication Firms in Portharcourt
Authors: Kenneth C. Adiele , Wami Solomon
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between Advertising Appeals and Customer Loyalty in Telecommunication firms in Port Harcourt. The study population comprised four (4) registered and functional Telecommunication service providing firms operating in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. The authors adopted a census study due to the small nature of the study population hence; there was no need for sampling. Thirty two (32) strategic managers of the four telecommunication firms constituted our respondents for the study. However, eight (8) respondents were randomly drawn from each of the telecommunication companies and thirty two (32) copies of structured questionnaire were administered to the managerial staff of the firms at their respective offices while twenty five (25) copies were retrieved, cleaned and used for the study. Descriptively, measures of central tendencies and measures of dispersions were used in analyzing the respondent’s demographics. Similarly, the Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used in testing the various hypotheses in other to ascertain the relationship between the predictor variable (Advertising Appeals) and the criterion variable (Customer Loyalty). The result of the analysis revealed that Advertising Appeals significantly influenced Customer Loyalty in Telecommunication firms in Port Harcourt. The study further discovered that amongst the dimensions of Advertising Appeals used in this study that Rational advertising appeal was found to be the most significant predictor of Customer Loyalty in Telecommunication firms in Port Harcourt. Hence, the researcher concluded that Advertising Appeals significantly affect Customer Loyalty and therefore recommended that the management of Telecommunication firms in Port-Harcourt should adopt the dimensions of advertising appeal used for the study as strategies for improving their level of customer loyalty.
Interventions of Corporate Social Responsibility of Oil Companies in Promoting Sustainable Community Development in Host Communities in Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Ugwu A. N. , Aruma E. O.
Published: April 2021

The paper focused on intervention of corporate social responsibility of oil companies in the promotion of sustainable community development in host communities. The paper identified the strategies of corporate social responsibility intervention in the promotion of sustainable community development to include understanding the operations of corporate organizations, understanding social settings in host communities, identification of relevant stakeholders among others. The highlights of the paper on the reasons of corporate social responsibility for sustainable community development in host communities include improving people’s living conditions, satisfying the interest of many stakeholders, value-added to the operations of corporate organizations, partnership funding, an opportunity to give back to host communities, social justice among others. The paper recommends among other things that corporate social responsibility should stimulate mutual trust among relevant stakeholders as well as that corporate social responsibility should be very helpful to all the relevant stakeholders in the corporate organizations and host communities. The involvement of corporate social responsibility intervention in sustainable community development demands institutionalization of corporate organizations in development initiatives of the host communities in the society.
Covid-19 and Older Adults: The Paradox of Control Measures
Authors: Iwuagwu Anthony Obinna , Ngwu Christopher Ndubuisi
Published: April 2021

It is no longer news that Covid-19 pandemic has become a major public health issue around the world and affected day to day activities of public life. Medical experts around the world were overwhelmed by the Covid-19 virus outbreak and for a long time were unable to provide a vaccine or any pharmaceutical treatment. Countries were therefore forced to adopt unprecedented Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) measures to mitigate the spread and impact of the virus. These measures which are non-pharmacological includes, social distancing, social isolation, lockdown, constant washing of hands, wearing of face mask and protective gloves etc. However, these measures aimed at protecting the health care systems, have had some side effects on the health and well-being of older adults. In this letter, we have highlighted social distancing as the main challenge and a paradox for older peoples wellbeing during the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak. The merits of the IPC measures notwithstanding, its long and short term consequences for the mental health of older adults calls for concern. Among other recommendations, professionals of ageing and geriatrics are recommended to help set a balance in IPC measures and mental health of older people in this Covid-19 era.
Assessing Online Student Performance via participation, and Examinations as Alternative Measures
Authors: Tasie George O.
Published: April 2021

Online homework is a relatively new instruction and evaluation technique.  While it appears to be an effective tool, empirical studies of its efficacy suggests they have not been done.  This paper analyzes correlations among systematic class participation scores, online homework scores and test results from two sections of Effective People Management and two sections of Advanced Human Resource Management taught at a Middle Eastern University – University of Kurdistan Hewler in fall semester 2017.Collection of data were made in four classes of two modules with the outcomes and implications suggesting students were expected to attempt to work on each homework problem three times and were allowed as many attempts as they wished within time limits set by the instructor.  Homework problems were made available for extra credit immediately after a new chapter was introduced
What Are Required Basically by Users of a Hotel Internship Programme: Hard-skills or Soft-skills?
Authors: Kunanusorn Anusorn
Published: April 2021

What Are Required Basically by Users of a Hotel Internship Programme:

Hard-Skills or Soft-Skills?

 

ABSTRACT

This research aimed to identify the skills that internship students are required to have in the hotel industry. To achieve these objectives, this research used questionnaires and interviews to collect data from 44 tourism businesses. Interviewings and questionnaires were obtained from businesses in Bali, Indonesia and Chiang Mai, Thailand which are both tourism attraction locations. The analysis method used for this research was descriptive analysis. The results showed that soft-skills were preferred to hard-skills. The preferred soft- skills were intrapersonal skills, interpersonal skills, self-motivation skills, autonomous learning skills, time management skills, problem-solving skills, creativity skills, and adaptability skills. These soft-skills were not well acquired, so educational institutions need to design learning programmes that allow students to live with these competencies. The current collaboration needs to be reviewed to establish a common goal and benefits for both parties regarding the development of soft-skills. There would be some other languages such as Chinese, Japanese and Korean which are necessary that we did not consider in this study but very important in tourism nowadays and future.

Keywords: Internship, Soft-skills, Hard-skills
EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE ON EMPLOYEE JOB SATISFACTION IN PT. EAGLE INDO PHARMA
Authors: Siahaan Lydia Irene , Imran Ayub Ilfandy , Diniati Anisa
Published: April 2021

This research was conducted to determine the impact of organizational behaviour and organizational climate on employees’ satisfaction at PT. Eagle Indo Pharma. This research uses quantitative methods with descriptive-causal research that uses the principle of positivism. The sampling technique used is probability sampling by taking 83 employees as a sample in this study. The data obtained in this study is by distributing questionnaires through Google Form. The questionnaire contains 33 statement items with a Likert measurement scale.  Based on the test results, it was found that there was a positive and significant influence on employee organizational behaviour on employee job satisfaction, there was a positive and significant influence on employee organizational climate on employee job satisfaction and there was a positive and significant influence on organizational behaviour and organizational climate together on employee job satisfaction. Organizational climate has a greater influence (on employee job satisfaction) than organizational behaviour. The quality of organizational behaviour and organizational climate together contribute to job satisfaction by 54.4% (= 0.544x 100%). While the remaining 45.6% is influenced by other variables which are not discussed in this study. Based on the value processed from the hypothesis test or t test, that the signification t 0.000 < 0.05 and the thitung value (X1) 2.036 > ttabel 1.990 and thitung value (X2) 4.216 > ttabel 1.990. Hence, it can be interpreted that H0 is rejected and H1 and H2 are accepted that there is a significant impact among variable X1 (Organizational Behaviour) and variable X2 (Organizational Climate) on variable Y (Job Satisfaction) in PT. Eagle Indo Pharma.
Fighting “Violence Against The Earth”: Rosalind Peterson’s Historical Archives
Authors: Williams Rob
Published: April 2021

United States citizen scientist, researcher, and anti-geoengineering activist, Rosalind Peterson of Mendocino, California, proved both pioneer and prophet. She helped catalyze a global grassroots anti-geoengineering movement through her decades-long work crusading for clearer skies, cleaner water, healthier trees and plants, and a more resilient planet free of geoengineering fallout. Peterson combined scientific data collection and research, publishing, public speaking, and political advocacy to educate the world about the many negative environmental consequences of clandestine geoengineering. Founder of the California Skywatch in 2002 and the Agricultural Defense Coalition in 2006, Peterson built an extensive collection of multimedia materials over three decades, now being archived and curated through Our Geoengineering Age for public use by the global scientific community. As an initial “sort” of her extensive archival collection reveals, Peterson proved a tenacious and courageous citizen scientist who wore many hats: environmentalist, photographer, field scientist/researcher, writer, speaker, and activist/publicist. Peterson’s decades-long effort to uncover the myriad toxic environmental impacts of clandestine geoengineering also provides a compelling, scientifically researched alternative to the widely accepted theory advanced by the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) that global warming is primarily caused by anthropogenically released carbon dioxide.
Perception of injustice and embitterment in the context of social reference systems
Authors: Linden Michael , Sandau Elena
Published: April 2021

Background: The “belief in a just world” psychology has shown that people across the world hold an inborn general view, that people should get what they deserve, and that malbehavior should be punished. But, what is seen as unjust is defined by social reference systems. Injustice is experienced as aggression, if not humiliation and answered by the desire to fight back, to restore justice. If the experience of injustice is paired with helplessness, a typical emotional response is embitterment which is associated with the wish for revenge, social impairment, and dysfunctional behaviors.

Objective of the present study was to study the relation of conditions of living and social reference systems with perceptions of injustice, and rates of embitterment.

Method: A convenience sample of 139 white and 93 black citizens from Cape Town in South Africa answered questions on their socio-economic status and changes in their lives in the past years. They also filled in the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) to measure psychological distress, the Differential Life Burden scale (DLB) to assess burdens and the Posttraumatic Embitterment Disorder scale (PTED Scale), to quantify feelings of injustice and embitterment.

Results: Black South Africans saw more positive changes than Whites over the past years, but nevertheless showed disadvantages in regard to education, professional qualification, employment status, and monthly income, together with significantly higher scores on the DLB, GHQ-12, and PTED scale. When looking at single items, 66.6% of black as compared to 45.3% of white participants reported about experiences evoking severe feelings of injustice, 65.4% versus 40.3% about repetitive painful memories, 53.7% versus 36.9% about an associated deterioration of well-being, and 46.2% versus 21.6% about thoughts of revenge. After controlling for monthly income, only the PTED score showed significant differences.

Conclusion: Results suggest that embitterment reactions are linked to social conditions, like economic but even more so psychological factors. The results suggest that embitterment is not only of importance in individuals but can also have a societal meaning. This must be acknowledged in political discussions.
Investigating the moderating Stance of Islamic work ethics and thriving at work among Authentic Leadership and Subjective Wellbeing
Authors: Ali Amna , Ishaq Rabeea
Published: April 2021

In the face of the growing attention of leaders role at workplace, there is quiet a requirement for more research that emphasis on the impact of leaders role in employee’s well-being circumstances. Likewise, literature reflects leadership and follower’s wellbeing to be central when dealing with superior practices implementations. Compelling with this explanation, it is projected that the authentic leadership (AL) sensitivity may affect the followers’ subjective well-being (SWB) phenomenon. Islamic Work ethics (IWE) has been exposed to many revisions since 1970’s. The basic purpose relying behind this study is to investigate the wellbeing phenomenon though empirical investigation in organizational settings. AL gained more acceptances because of its upgrading importance at workplace or for followers. Current revision highlights the direct impact of AL towards the SWB, as well the moderating stance of Thriving at work and IWE has also been observed by considering their strengthens towards the employees wellbeing.  Data has been collected from total of the 385 respondents from both the subordinates and supervisors working in banking and textile sector of Pakistan. Results revealed significant outcomes among proposed hypothesis. In addition this study has been concluded with practical implications as well the future investigation instructions for academicians and practitioners.
Oral English Communication Expectations of Business Graduates in the Workplace in Sri Lanka
Authors: Wijewardene Lishanthi
Published: April 2021

Graduate employability is a topic of much discussion, and employability skills among graduates is an equally important topic of discussion, as it has been stressed in many scholarly articles that, most graduates do not possess employability skills. Among these skills, oral English proficiency rates high, as they play an important role in the employability and marketability of graduates.  Much importance has been placed on English proficiency and good communication skills among graduates which will help in increasing their employability (Ting, Marzuki, Chuah, Misieng & Jerome, 2017). The results of a survey conducted amongst ten employers revealed that in order to be ‘employable,’, business graduates need to develop their oral English competencies, and that good English communication skills can increase the employability of graduates as English is particularly important for graduates  (Shivakumar & Sharma, 2017).  Thus this article intends to examine the oral English competency that graduates are required to possess, in order that they may be gainfully employed.
Applying the Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations to Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Initiation Among Women Who Inject Drugs
Authors: Felsher Marisa , Bellamy Scarlett , Piecara Brogan , Van Der Pol Barbara , Laurano Rose , Roth Alexis M.
Published: April 2021

This study used Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations (BMVP) to identify factors associated with pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) initiation among women who inject drugs (WWID) when PrEP was offered at a syringe services program (SSP). Participants (n = 89) were WWID, $ge18 years, and eligible for PrEP. Most (69) initiated PrEP. Chi square and t tests were used to identify bivariate relationships between BMVP factors and PrEP initiation. A greater proportion of PrEP initiators (compared to non-initiators) reported sexual assault, frequent SSP attendance, earning $ge$5,000 annually and inconsistent condom use. Findings can inform the development of gender-specific strategies to promote PrEP among WWID.
Sexually Unexperienced Adolescents Benefit the Most From a Sexual Education Program for Adolescents: A Longitudinal Cluster Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Morales Alexandra , Orgilés Mireia , Espada José P.
Published: April 2021

Using a longitudinal cluster-randomized controlled design, we examined whether the effects of Competencies for Adolescents with a Healthy Sexuality (COMPAS), an evidence-based sexual health promotion intervention, differ by adolescents’ sexual experience. Participants were 699 students aged 14–16, 45.9% were sexually experienced, and assessed in the baseline, posttest, and 12- and 24-month follow-ups. All were recruited from 10 schools that were randomly assigned to the COMPAS program and waiting-list groups (WLG). Using an intent-to-treat analyses, longitudinal changes in psychosocial and behavioral outcomes were explored using generalized estimating equations. Compared to the WLG, COMPAS had a positive impact on six of the seven psychological and behavioral outcomes. Non-sexually experienced reported more favorable HIV-related attitudes, higher condom use intention, lower number of sexual partners, and higher condom use than those sexually experienced. Findings support the importance of implementing sex education actions before adolescents get involved in their first intimate relationships in order to achieve greater impact.
Culturally-Based Challenges to and Recommendations for Delivering Adherence Counseling in a Multicultural Biomedical HIV Prevention Trial in Four African Countries
Authors: Lentz Cody , Giguere Rebecca , Kutner Bryan A. , Dolezal Curtis , Kajura-Manyindo Clare , Yambira Makanaka , Asiimwe Florence , Mugocha Caroline , Mwenda Wezi , Ndlovu Thakasile , Naidu Nalini , Madlala Bernadette , Balán Iván C.
Published: April 2021

Research is needed to identify how to effectively tailor evidence-based interventions across cultures with limited resources, particularly for behavioral components in large HIV prevention trials. Through surveys and interviews with counselors of sub-Saharan African women during an open-label microbicide trial (MTN-025), we examined language, education, and cultural barriers in delivering a motivational interviewing–based adherence counseling intervention (i.e., Options Counseling). Counselors encountered an array of barriers, most prominently that participants struggled to comprehend culturally incongruent pictorial guides, such as traffic light images, and to uphold product use when primary partners disapproved. Overwhelmingly, counselors cited the intervention's inherent flexibility as an asset; it encouraged them to tailor language and examples to be more culturally relevant to participants. Future resource-conscious researchers may preemptively offset similar barriers by consulting with communities during intervention development. Similarly, affording counselors flexibility while delivering the chosen intervention may enable them to troubleshoot barriers that arise on the ground.
The Relative Deprivation Trap: How Feeling Deprived Relates to Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Nadler Jonah , Day Martin V. , Beshai Shadi , Mishra Sandeep
Published: April 2021

Introduction: How income inequality associates with poorer mental health remains unclear. Personal relative deprivation (PRD) involves appraising oneself as unfairly disadvantaged relative to similar others and has been associated with poorer mental health and negative cognitive appraisals. As generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is associated with negative cognitive appraisals, PRD may relate to the experience of GAD and its cognitive predictors, intolerance of uncertainty (IU), positive beliefs about worry (PBW), negative beliefs about worry (NBW), and experiential avoidance (EA).

Method: In two observational studies (Study 1, N = 588; Study 2, N = 301) participants completed measures of PRD, cognitive predictors and symptoms of GAD, subjective socioeconomic status (SES), self-efficacy, and self-esteem.

Results: A relationship between PRD and GAD was found across studies, which was simultaneously mediated by IU and NBW. These results remained when controlling for subjective SES but were weakened when controlling for self-concept factors.

Discussion: This research supports the possibility that the experience of deprivation may “trap” people in thinking patterns that contribute to anxious symptomology.
Five Months Later: The Psychodynamic Psychiatrist and Psychiatric Care in the Era of COVID-19
Authors: Best Kimberly , Ingram Douglas H.
Published: April 2021

Five months following an earlier report on the initial impact of COVID-19, the same 24 contributing psychodynamic psychiatrists reported on how matters have shifted in their experience. Spread of the virus, lockdowns, politicization of all aspects of the pandemic, massive unemployment, and social justice frustrations have characterized the interim. The initial burst of acute uncertainty and worry has shifted into a more adaptive but still destabilizing long-term apprehension: distance treatment and its ramifications have become somewhat normalized, training now incorporates virtual treatment approaches, psychodynamically informed counseling has taken a larger role in the content of care. New theories of clinical practice are emerging that address these changes. As before, contributors’ narratives are considered from the perspective of administration and training, structure and content of treatment, and the impact of the pandemic both on patients and psychiatrists.
From Fragmentation to Coherence: Psychodynamic Psychotherapy for Psychosis through the Lens of Metacognition
Authors: Ridenour Jeremy M. , Hamm Jay A. , Neal David W. , Lysaker Paul H.
Published: April 2021

Psychoanalysis has produced important theories that help explain the radical alterations in self-experience central for persons experiencing psychosis. These concepts have led to important clinical developments, case studies, and some research on the efficacy of psychodynamic psychotherapy for psychosis (Gottdiener, 2006). However, psychodynamic psychotherapy has struggled to produce operationalized constructs to measure how it enhances self-development and the therapeutic mechanisms of action that facilitate these changes. Outside of psychoanalysis, some researchers have focused on the construct of metacognition (i.e. thinking about thinking) and its relevance to understanding psychosis. Proponents of this paradigm have created an integrative, exploratory therapy (MERIT, Lysaker & Klion, 2017) that blends various therapeutic traditions that overlap with psychodynamic psychotherapy and mentalization (Ridenour, Knauss, & Hamm, 2019). In this paper, we will present a short-term intensive case study of psychodynamic psychotherapy with a young man experiencing psychosis in residential treatment and then analyze the therapy through the lens of metacognition to provide constructs that illustrate the ways that it promotes recovery and self-integration.
Letters to our Future Selves? High-Powered Replication Attempts Question Effects on Future Orientation, Delinquent Decisions, and Risky Investments
Authors: Quinten Laura , Murmann Anja , Genau Hanna A. , Warkentin Rafaela , Banse Rainer
Published: April 2021

Enhancing people's future orientation, in particular continuity with their future selves, has been proposed as promising to mitigate self-control–related problem behavior. In two pre-registered, direct replication studies, we tested a subtle manipulation, that is, writing a letter to one's future self, in order to reduce delinquent decisions (van Gelder et al., 2013, Study 1) and risky investments (Monroe et al., 2017, Study 1). With samples of n = 314 and n = 463, which is 2.5 times the original studies' sample sizes, the results suggested that the expected effects are either non-existent or smaller than originally reported, and/or dependent on factors not examined. Vividness of the future self was successfully manipulated in Study 2, but manipulation checks overall indicated that the letter task is not reliable to alter future orientation. We discuss ideas to integrate self-affirmation approaches and to test less subtle manipulations in samples with substantial, myopia-related self-control deficits.
Bright Sunshine, Dark Shadows
Authors: Wilhelm Lindsay
Published: April 2021

Lindsay Wilhelm, “Bright Sunshine, Dark Shadows: Decadent Beauty and Victorian Views of Hawai‘i” (pp. 495–526)

Inspired by the recent global turn in aestheticism and decadence studies, this essay considers how late-Victorian discourses surrounding beauty, pleasure, and morality inform contemporary literary representations of Hawai‘i as both supremely inviting and dangerously languorous. The essay begins with a short overview of the broader geopolitical and historical circumstances that helped shape nineteenth-century understandings of Hawai‘i—a place renowned abroad for its beauty and hospitality, but nonetheless still notorious as the site of James Cook’s death in 1779. Next, the essay traces the peculiar ambivalence with which travel memoirs such as Isabella Bird’s The Hawaiian Archipelago (1875) and Constance Gordon-Cumming’s Fire Fountains (1883) describe their authors’ experiences in the islands. In these memoirs, Hawai‘i evidences the same convergence between beauty and decay that undergirds the controversial aesthetics of Algernon Charles Swinburne, Oscar Wilde, and other adherents of the creed of “art for art’s sake.” Focusing particularly on Robert Louis Stevenson’s fairy tale “The Bottle Imp” (1891), the essay then examines the ways in which Victorian writers utilize Hawai‘i’s leprosy epidemic as an occasion for exploring the perils of aesthetic hedonism. The essay concludes by briefly turning to the work of nineteenth-century Hawaiian historian Samuel Kamakau, whose own depictions of the decaying Hawaiian village reveal, by contrast, how these British accounts enlist the language of decadence in the service of empire.
Wasted Gifts
Authors: Smith Vanessa
Published: April 2021

Vanessa Smith, “Wasted Gifts: Robert Louis Stevenson in Oceania” (pp. 527–551)

This essay takes some letters from Robert Louis Stevenson’s travels in the South Seas as a starting point to rethink both Stevenson’s South Seas oeuvre and the Victorian cross-cultural encounter. Reengaging with Marcel Mauss’s classic theorization of gift exchange, the essay suggests that Stevenson’s encounters with Oceanic systems of exchange were experienced in terms not of cultural dominance, but of ontological lack. The practices of gifting to which Stevenson found himself subject in the Marquesas, Tuamotus, and Tahiti rendered both British etiquette and largesse ineffectual. The essay relates Stevenson’s growing sense of the complexities of Oceanic gifting to the tendency of his metropolitan readers to understand his South Seas “exile” as a waste of his own gifts. Focusing in particular on The Wrecker (1892) and “The Bottle Imp” (1891), it proposes that Stevenson deployed his expanded understanding of what Oceanic gifting entailed to replenish his fiction in both structural and figurative terms, even as he was forced to acknowledge those failures of reciprocation that continued to inform its production.
Модельні характеристики провідних футболістів різного ігрового амплуа
Authors: Перцухов Андрій , Шаленко Віктор
Published: April 2021

Мета: встановити модельні характеристики спортивних можливостей і змагальної діяльності футболістів високої кваліфікації різного ігрового амплуа.

Матеріал і методи: реєстрація техніко-тактичних дій здійснювалася на прикладі ігор команд-учасниць Ліги чемпіонів УЄФА сезону 2019/2020. Всього було зареєстровано та проаналізовано 203 гри команд «Аталанта»(Бергамо, Італія), «Атлетіко» (Мадрид, Іспанія), «Баварія» (Мюнхен, Німеччина), «Барселона» (Барселона, Іспанія), «Лейпциг» (Лейпциг, Німеччина), «Ліверпуль» (Ліверпуль, Англія), «Манчестер Сіті» (Манчестер, Англія), «Олімпік»(Ліон, Франція), «Парі Сен-Жермен» (Париж, Франція). Для вирішення поставлених завдань в роботі застосовувалися такі методи дослідження: аналіз науково-методичної літератури, реєстрація техніко-тактичних дій, методи математичної статистики.

Результати: в статті представлено дані, що характеризують морфологічні особливості та особливості виконання захисних та атакувальних ТТД кращих футболістів різної ігрової спеціалізації за підсумками ігор Ліги чемпіонів УЄФА сезону 2019/2020. Розроблено моделі кращих воротарів (Ноєр М., Облак Я., Лопеш А.), захисників (Дейвіс А., Кімміх Й., Алаба Д., Упамекано Д., Анхеліньйо, Ван Дейк В.), півзахисників (Тьяго А., Горецка Л., Мюллер Т., Де Брейне К., Ауар У., Забітцер М., Маркіньйос, Гомес А.) та нападників (Гнабрі С., Левандовський Р., Мбаппе К., Неймар, Мессі Л., Стерлінг Р.).

Висновки: дані проведеного дослідження свідчать про відмінності морфологічних показників та структури змагальної діяльності кращих воротарів, захисників, півзахисників та нападників в іграх Ліги чемпіонів УЄФА сезону 2019/2020.

Ключові слова: футболісти, модельні характеристики, вік, зріст, вага, теніко-тактичні дії.