bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical Aptitude Testing in Practice within the Admission Procedures of Staffs of Armed and Law Enforcement Agencies
Authors: Vásárhelyi-Nagy Ildikó
Published: March 2020

Those joining defence and law enforcement forces choose a special profession, which already manifests during the selection and admission procedures. The present scientific publication analyses the rules of procedure and practical application of preliminary physical aptitude testing. Nowadays, special regulations govern those serving within the career forces of law enforcement agencies, the army, and finance guards within the career staffs of the National Tax and Finance Guard Agency. The exercises do not reflect either the specificities of the particular career or the complex approach to aptitude. Thus, preparedness for the physical aptitude testing do not serve the development of physical conditional competences required for the execution of day-to-day tasks by career forces directly. The present publication describes possible alternative offering an even more accurate picture of the physical and health condition of career staffs in the course of selection.
Az erők megóvásának műszaki támogatása
Authors: Csurgó Attila
Published: March 2020

A műszaki támogatás a harc megvívása érdekében végzett támogatási feladat, amely már a római birodalom korában is jelen volt. A 20. század végén, a kétpólusú világrend megszűnését követően jelent meg a Force Protection, azaz erők megóvása mint feladat a szövetséges doktrínákban. A rendelkezésre álló erők és eszközök harcképességének megóvása, a küldetés sikeres végrehajtásának alapja. Tehát az FP műszaki támogatása a 21. század műszaki támogatási feladatai között mind jelentősebb szerepet kap. A műszaki támogatás tervezése és eredményes végrehajtásának alapvető feltétele a rendezett vezetés-irányítás.
Modifications in Breast Cancer Guidelines in COVID19 Pandemic; An Iranian Consensus
Authors: Shahi Farhad , Kaviani Ahmad , Mirzania Mehrzad , Dabiri Mohammadreza , Seifi Sharareh , Bary Alireza , Ansarineja Nafiseh , Rezvani Alireza , Rad Soroush , Shahi Amirali
Published: March 2020

NA
Associated Factors with Adopting Preventive Behaviors for Breast Cancer in Iran
Authors: Hajikarimbaba Marzieh , Panahi Rahman , Dehghankar Leila
Published: March 2020

Background: Considering the remarkable role of students in society and the relatively high prevalence of breast cancer in women, this study aimed to determine the factors related to adopting preventive behaviors for breast cancer in students.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of 375 female students of Qazvin city, who were selected by stratified random sampling during the year 2019. Data collection tools included a demographic and contextual questionnaire and a valid and reliable questionnaire for measuring breast cancer preventive behaviors. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23 software program, descriptive statistics and logistic regression.Results: Using there was a statistically significant relationship between adopting preventive behaviors against breast cancer and physical activity (P <0.001), so that the chances of adopting good preventive behaviors in students with "occasionally", "rarely" and "never" physical activity were respectively 0.410, 0.113, and 0.098 times chance for the students with daily physical activity. There was a significant relationship between breast cancer prevention and academic years (p= 0.027), so that the chances of adopting good-level preventive behaviors in the senior students was 1.498 times higher than the first year students. There was also a significant relationship between adopting preventive behaviors and employment (P = 0.017), so that the chances of adopting good-level preventive behaviors in unemployed students was 1.725 times higher than that of the employed students.Conclusion: Students with lower education and less physical activity and the employed individuals less commonly adopted preventive behaviors. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to these students in designing educational programs.
Impact of melatonin effects on toxicology of vesicant chemical warfare agents: When science meets reality
Authors: Romero Alejandro , Gil Martín Emilio , De los Rios Cristobal , Egea Javier , Ramos Eva , López-Muñoz Francisco , Pita René , Juberías Antonio
Published: March 2020

In this review we focused our attention on sulfur mustard [bis(2-chloroethyl) sulphide], the main vesicant chemical warfare agent (CWA), which has been widely used in different military conflicts, including World War I and the Iran-Iraq war. Moreover, the evolution of the recent Iraq and Syria conflicts suggests that terrorist groups are aware of the significant psychological and media effects that would be produced by the mere attempt to use CWAs. Sulfur mustard can produce the alkylation of macromolecules bearing sulfhydryl groups, such as DNA and proteins. This vesicant can also generate free radicals which can develop toxicity in the areas exposed, such as the eyes, skin, respiratory tract (inhalation) and gastrointestinal tract (ingestion). In this respect, we advance and propose three salvage mechanisms through which a broad-spectrum multipotent molecule, melatonin, could facilitate neutralization of the toxic damage induced by sulfur mustard radical scavenging. We also speculate that the long-term effects of varying severity can appear after acute poisoning. Besides, melatonin-based therapy strategies can modulate of epigenetic mechanisms and become very suitable for the clinical treatment of victimized patients. However, the utilization of melatonin as a “therapeutic bullet” addressed to counteract the vesicant CWAs needs much additional in vitro research as well as systematic animal studies and controlled translational trials.
Potential utility of melatonin in deadly infectious diseases related to the overreaction of innate immune response and destructive inflammation: focus on COVID-19
Authors: Tan Dunxian X , Hardeland Ruegiger
Published: March 2020

The high mortality

of deadly virus infectious diseases including SARS, MERS, COVID-19, and avian

flu is often caused by the uncontrolled innate immune response and destructive

inflammation. The majority of viral diseases are self-limiting under the help

of the activated adaptive immune system. This activity is cell proliferation

dependent and thus, it requires several weeks to develop. Patients are

vulnerable and mortality usually occurs during this window period. To control the

innate immune response and reduce the inflammation during this period will

increase the tolerance of patients and lowers the mortality in the deadly virus

infection. Melatonin is a molecule that displays respective properties, since

it downregulates the overreaction of the innate immune response and

overshooting inflammation, but also promotes the adaptive immune activity. Many

studies have reported the beneficial effects of melatonin on deadly virus

infections in different animal models and its therapeutic efficacy in septic

shock patients. Furthermore, melatonin has a great safety margin without

serious adverse effects. We suggest the use of melatonin as an adjunctive or

even regular therapy for deadly viral diseases, especially if no efficient

direct anti-viral treatment is available.
Сравнительное клиническое денситометрическое исследование параметров костной ткани постэкстракционных дефектов челюстей пациентов различного биотипа с использованием ксеногенного остеопластического материала в разные сроки наблюдения
Authors: Любченко А.В. , Черненко В.Н.
Published: March 2020

Цель исследования. Сравнить сроки репарации параметров плотности костной ткани в зависимости от ее биотипа при использовании ксеногенного остеопластического материала «Биопласт-Дент» (Россия) для дальнейшего его использования при различных клинических ситуациях.
Объекты и методы исследования. Было произведено исследование методом денситометрии на основе компьютерной томографии заполненных пост экстракционных дефектов остеопластическим материалом «Биопласт-Дент» у 40 пациентов с биотипом костной ткани D1, D2, D3, D4. Группу сравнения составили 20 пациентов, у которых после удаления зубов не использовались остеогенные материалы. Исследование проводилось непосредственно после экстракции зуба и заполнения его лунки ксеногенным остеопластическим материалом, а также в 6 и 12 месяцев.
Результаты исследования и их обсуждение. Проведенные денситометрические исследования позволили установить, что более плотная кость челюсти имеет достоверно большую скорость восстановления. Основные репарационные процессы в костях биотипов D1, D2 и D3 завершаются за первые шесть месяцев после удаления зубов (U1 = 3,8; p = 0,00012), в дальнейшем наблюдаются незначительные изменения, которые происходят достоверно более медленно, чем в первый срок наблюдения. Для костей биотипа D4 восстановления плотности происходит практически с одинаковой скоростью в течение года (2,8 210 HU/мес.).
Заключение. Учитывая скорость восстановления костной ткани при биотипе челюстей D1 (178,8 HU / мес.) по сравнению с костью биотипа D2 (125,7 HU / мес.), которая, в свою очередь, восстанавливается достоверно (U2 = 3,8; p = 0,00017) быстрее биотипа D3 (87,3 HU / мес.), что указывает на существенные различия в репаративных свойствах кости и зависимость скорости восстановления от их плотности, что нужно учитывать при выборе типа дентальной имплантации и дальнейшем ведении таких пациентов.
Indonesian Sub-Majors at Chinese Universities and Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)
Authors: Adriani Isyana
Published: March 2020

Since President of China Xi Jinping introduced the mega infrastructure project Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in late 2013, many have doubted the real objective of the president, particularly since world leadership position has been vacant because US President Donald Trump still has no clear foreign policy on Asia Pacific. BRI, which aims to connect China to all continents in the world, has already had negative and positive impacts. One of which is Africa, where China has been helping the Trans-African Highway project, a project that has been planned since 1971. However, BRI has caused African countries’ debts to China to multiply, and it is not impossible that they will experience what Sri Lanka has already experienced: Beijing taking over their Hambantota Port. In Indonesia itself, there have been several BRI projects, such as the 142-km fast train that connects Bandung, West Java, to Jakarta, and Morowali Industrial Park in Central Sulawesi. However, despite BRI’s help with infrastructure many people are suspicious that Indonesia will fall into a “debt trap” like Sri Lanka and African countries already did. They are also worried about the ever-increasing number of Chinese workers to Indonesia, which threaten the availability of jobs for locals. On the other hand, Indonesia’s involvement in BRI shows that Indonesia is an important country to China, and this can be seen through many things, one of which is the growing number of Chinese universities having Indonesian language and culture sub-majors in the past seven years. This essay focuses on how these Indonesian language and culture sub-majors contribute to the success of BRI in China.
The Contribution of NGO in Public Diplomacy: A Case Study of the Singapore Institute of International Affairs in Resolving the Transboundary Haze Pollution Issue between Singapore-Indonesia (2012-2016)
Authors: Angela Jessica , Hikam Muhammad A.S.
Published: March 2020

In 2013, Southeast Asian countries have to face a disastrous haze pollution coming from Indonesia. Transboundary Haze Pollution (THP) is a deadly occurrences that repeats annually. As a result, Indonesia’s neighboring countries must encounter disadvantageous consequences. One of the countries gradually affected is Singapore, since they have been through haze pollution since the late 1980’s. Various attempts have been made by Singapore to mitigate the disaster. Since bilateral and regional efforts do not give any solution, Singapore then implies public diplomacy efforts. The practices of these public diplomacy could be seen from the involvement of one of the nation’s influential NGOs, the Singapore Institute of International Affairs (SIIA). As a result, they are able to pressure Indonesia in applying a more comprehensive map for haze tracker. Therefore, this study expects to invite readers’ interest in the issue of NGO, precisely in International Relations and Public Diplomacy. This study will specifically discuss the practice of SIIA as public diplomacy efforts to resolve the THP issue from 2012 until 2016.
The Dynamics of the Constellation in East Asia: Japan's Response towards Changes of the Regional Status-quo Post-Panmunjom Declaration
Authors: Paramasatya Satwika , Pradipta Yemima Galih
Published: March 2020

Security is an important aspect for a state. In particular, regional security plays important role in influencing state policies and actions. This paper departs from the High Level meeting between South Korea and North Korea in April 2018 which then produces an output in the form of peace agreement, the Panmunjom Declaration. The declaration has different impact to Japan, because it becomes the turning point of the status-quo in the East Asia region. Relations between states are generally driven and motivated by interests rather than the shared identity. This paper aims to analyze the actions and responses of Japan as a pacifist state towards the changes in the constellation of East Asia relations after the Panmunjom Declaration. In the end of this paper, it is concluded that what happened in the East Asia region is accordance to the concept of classical realism theory. The Panmunjom Declaration surely is an international event marked as turning point of East Asia regional status-quo, but could not be claimed as the main factor to drive Japan revising article 9. However, Japan's alertness towards North Korea remains same. Even though it is not the main factor, but the Panmunjom Declaration made Japan interprets its position differently in East Asia, and has influenced Shinzo Abe's narrative to further strive for the revision agenda to be realized immediately.
Assessing the Microbial Communities in Four Different Daqus by Using PCR-DGGE, PLFA, and Biolog Analyses
Authors: LING YUXI , LI WENYING , TONG TONG , LI ZUMING , LI QIAN , BAI ZHIHUI , WANG GUIJUN , CHEN JIAHAO , WANG YUGUANG
Published: March 2020

Daqu made from raw wheat, barley or pea is used as an inoculum for the fermentation of Chinese Baijiu. In this study, the microbial communities of four different types of Daqus (sauce-flavor Wuling Daqu, sauce and strong-flavor Baisha Daqu, strong-flavor Deshan Daqu, and light-flavor Niulanshan Daqu) were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE), phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis, and Biolog EcoPlates analysis (Biolog). Clear differences were seen between the microbial communities of the four Daqus. PCR-DGGE showed differences in the number and brightness of bands between the Daqus, indicating the presence of unique bacterial species in Deshan Daqu, Wuling Daqu, and Niulanshan Daqu. Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis, Bacillus thermoamylovorans, and some unclassified bacteria were unique to Wuling Daqu, Deshan Daqu, and Niulanshan Daqu, respectively. Moreover, some bacterial species were observed in all four Daqus. A total of 26 PLFAs between C12 to C20 were detected from the four Daqus by PLFA analysis. Wuling Daqu had the highest total and fungal biomasses, Baisha Daqu had the highest bacterial biomass, and Niulanshan Daqu had the highest ratio of fungal biomass to bacterial biomass. The Biolog results indicated differences in the carbon source use and mode of the four Daqus, and also demonstrated that each Daqu had varying abilities to utilize different types of carbon sources. The cluster analysis of the three methods showed that the microbial communities of the four Daqus were different. This study also demonstrates the applicability of the three analytical methods in the evaluating of the microbial communities of Daqus.
Resensitization of Fluconazole-Resistant Urinary Candida spp. Isolates by Amikacin through Downregulation of Efflux Pump Genes
Authors: EDWARD EVA A. , MOHAMED NELLY M. , ZAKARIA AZZA S.
Published: March 2020

The contribution of fluconazole-resistant Candida spp. isolates to urinary tract infections in Egypt has become a nationwide problem. A recent approach to overcome such disaster is combining conventional antifungals with non-antifungals. This study investigated the interaction of amikacin with fluconazole against resistant Candida strains isolated from the urine culture of patients admitted to Alexandria Main University Hospital. Among the collected Candida spp. isolates, 42.9% were resistant to fluconazole with MICs ranging between 128 and 1,024 μg/ml. The resistance-modifying activity of amikacin (4,000 μg/ml) was studied against fluconazole-resistant isolates where amikacin sensitized 91.7 % of resistant Candida spp. isolates to fluconazole with a modulation factor ranging between 32 and 256. The rhodamine efflux assay was performed to examine the impact of amikacin on efflux pump activity. After 120 minutes of treatment, amikacin affected the efflux pump activity of the isolates tested with a percentage of reduction in the fluorescence intensity of 8.9%. Quantitative real-time PCR was applied to assess the amikacin effect on the expression of the efflux pump genes MDR1, CDR1, and CDR2. The downregulatory effect of amikacin on the expression of the studied genes caused a percentage of reduction in the expression level ranging between 42.1 and 94%. In conclusion, amikacin resensitized resistant Candida spp. isolates to fluconazole and could be used in combination in the management of candiduria with a higher efficiency or at lower administration doses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the enhancement of fluconazole activity in combination with amikacin against Candida spp.
Low Occurrence of Acinetobacter baumannii in Gulls and Songbirds
Authors: ŁOPIŃSKA ANDŻELINA , INDYKIEWICZ PIOTR , SKIEBE EVELYN , PFEIFER YVONNE , TRČEK JANJA , JERZAK LESZEK , MINIAS PIOTR , NOWAKOWSKI JACEK , LEDWOŃ MATEUSZ , BETLEJA JACEK , WILHARM GOTTFRIED
Published: March 2020

Acinetobacter baumannii is a worldwide occurring nosocomial pathogen, the natural habitats of which remain to be defined. Recently, white stork nestlings have been described as a recurring source of A. baumannii. Here, we challenged the hypothesis of a general preference of A. baumannii for avian hosts. Taking advantage of campaigns to ring free-living birds, we collected cloacal swab samples from 741 black-headed gulls (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) in Poland, tracheal and cloacal swabs from 285 songbirds in Poland as well as tracheal swabs from 25 songbirds in Slovenia and screened those for the growth of A. baumannii on CHROMagar™ Acinetobacter. Of the 1,051 samples collected only two yielded A. baumannii isolates. Each carried one variant of the bla
OXA-51-like gene, i.e. OXA-71 and OXA-208, which have been described previously in clinical isolates of A. baumannii. In conclusion, our data do not support a general preference of A. baumannii for avian hosts.
Is Age Associated with Emergency Medical Service Transport to a Trauma Centre in Patients with Major Trauma? A Systematic Review
Authors: Brown Elizabeth , Tohira Hideo , Bailey Paul , Finn Judith
Published: March 2020

Introduction

Older adults with major trauma are known to have higher mortality rates than their younger counterparts and there is a known survival benefit of treatment in trauma centres. This systematic review sought to answer the question: are older patients with major trauma more or less likely to be transported to a trauma centre by emergency medical services (EMS) than younger patients?

Methods

The following databases were searched: Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, EBSCO CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane Library and grey literature until 7 March 2019. Studies meeting each of the following criteria were included: 1) comparative study, including randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, case-control studies; 2) study participants must be patients with major trauma; 3) the patients must have been initially transported from the accident scene to hospital by EMS, and 4) the study must report the association between major trauma patient, age and trauma centre transport.

Results

We identified 3365 unique citations and one study was identified through other sources. In total, 17 studies were included. The studies defined major trauma patients either by the meeting of pre-hospital trauma triage criteria or a retrospective diagnosis. All of the included studies reported that older age was associated with a reduced likelihood of EMS trauma centre transport when compared to younger age in major trauma patients

Conclusion

The studies included in this review all showed that older age is associated with a reduced likelihood of EMS trauma centre transport when compared to younger age in major trauma patients.
LEGAL REGULATION OF CREATION AND FUNCTIONING THE CONCILIATION COMMISSIONS IN THE FEDERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Ямалетдинова Наталья
Published: March 2020

The paper examines the basic laws and regulations in the field of governing conciliations between the chambers of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation as the most effective way to overcome disputes in legislation. The author analyzes the main doctrinal ideas on the issue under consideration, justifies the need for further development of the Institute of conciliations.
ABOUT UNIFICATION OF THE INSTITUTE OF BANK (INDEPENDENT) GUARANTEE IN THE LEGISLATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Арутюнян Марина , Хисматуллин Оливер
Published: March 2020

This paper discusses the study of the method used in civil, tax and other financial relations to ensure the proper enforcing obligations (guarantees). In spite the tendency of unification of legal institutions, in the legislation of the Russian Federation there are still different types of guarantees: bank guarantee, independent guarantee, state (municipal) guarantee. The authors made a brief analysis of the institutions and assessed the feasibility of a single method to ensure different in legal nature but similar in substance obligations.
INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ASPECTS OF PATRON ACTIVITY IN RUSSIA
Authors: Сафина Гульнара
Published: March 2020

The paper concerns the study of the patron activity of diplomatic staff members, and the legal regulation of charity and patronage in the Russian Empire. The legal regulation of patron activity in Russia was carried out in the context of international cooperation with European countries. The analysis of the patron activity of diplomatic personnel allowed revealing the positive aspects of the state regulation of patron activity.
ПРАВО НА СПРАВЕДЛИВИЙ СУД КРІЗЬ ПРИЗМУ РІШЕНЬ ЄСПЛ
Authors: В. Скупінський О.
Published: March 2020

У статті розглянуто практику Європейського суду з прав людини щодо права на справедливий суд. Дається характеристика суті права на справедливий суд в його конституційному розумінні. Автор розглядає зміст права на справедливий судовий розгляд з позицій правозастосовчої практики Європейсь-кого суду з прав людини. Проаналізовано поняття «незалежний суд» і «безсторонній суд». Незважаючи на те, що доволі часто ці два поняття розглядаються Європейським Судом як тісно взаємопов'язані, в практиці Суду сформульовані різні тести для оцінки кожного з них.

Ключові слова: право на справедливий суд, судовий розгляд, практика ЄСПЛ, публічність розгляду, незалежність та неупередженість суддів.
The Affordable Care Act and access to care across the cancer control continuum: A review at 10 years
Authors: Zhao Jingxuan , Mao Ziling , Fedewa Stacey A. , Nogueira Leticia , Yabroff K. Robin , Jemal Ahmedin , Han Xuesong
Published: March 2020

Lack of health insurance coverage is strongly associated with poor cancer outcomes in the United States. The uninsured are less likely to have access to timely and effective cancer prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment, survivorship, and end‐of‐life care than their counterparts with health insurance coverage. On March 23, 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) was signed into law, representing the largest change to health care delivery in the United States since the introduction of the Medicare and Medicaid programs in 1965. The primary goals of the ACA are to improve health insurance coverage, the quality of care, and patient outcomes, and to maintain or lower costs by catalyzing changes in the health care delivery system. In this review, we describe the main components of the ACA, including health insurance expansions, coverage reforms, and delivery system reforms, provisions within these components, and their relevance to cancer screening and early detection, care, and outcomes. We then highlight selected, well‐designed studies examining the effects of the ACA provisions on coverage, access to cancer care, and disparities throughout the cancer control continuum. Finally, we identify research gaps to inform evaluation of current and emerging health policies related to cancer outcomes.
Торгівля валютними цінностями як вид професійної фінансової діяльності
Authors: ПОПОВА АНАСТАСІЯ
Published: March 2020

Необхідність удосконалення правового регулювання торгівлі валютними цінностями, незначна кількість теоретичних досліджень і недостатня розробленість проблематики цієї правової категорії зумовлює актуальність зазначеної статті.
Метою статті є аналіз співвідношення торгівлі валютними цінностями і валютних операцій, категорій “торгівля” та “обмін”. На підставі виділених основних ознак запропонувати визначення торгівлі валютними цінностями. Класифікувати зазначений вид професійної фінансової діяльності за різними критеріями.
Зроблено висновок, що торгівля валютними цінностями є формою обміну валют ними цінностями, яка здійснюється за допомогою укладення відповідних договорів купівлі-продажу; категорії “валютні операції” і “торгівля валютними ціннос тями” співвідносяться як ціле і частина, оскільки згідно з чинним законодавством торгівля валютними цінностями виділяється як складова валютних операцій. Виявлено недолік законодавчого регулювання господарських відносин на валютному ринку в частині закріплення переліку валютних цінностей, який розширюється на підзаконному рівні.
У результаті проведеного аналізу основних ознак торгівлі валютними цінностями запропоновано визначати цю правову категорію як професійну фінансову діяльність банків і небанківських установ щодо обміну валютних цінностей у готівковій та (або) безготівковій формі (для банківських металів – із або без фізичної поставки) шляхом укладення переважно договорів купівлі-продажу на валютному України та на міжнародних валютних ринках.
Авторка зробила висновок, що торгівля валютними цінностями є окремим видом професійної фінансової діяльності, що характеризується наявністю притаманних їй кваліфікуючих ознак: особливий (обмежений) суб’єктний склад – банки і небанківські установи; зміст – фінансова послуга з обміну валютних цінностей; комерційний і ризиковий характер; поєднання приватних і публічних інтересів; здійснюється у сфері суспільного виробництва – на валютному ринку України та на міжнародних валютних ринках.
Торгівлю валютними цінностями пропонується класифікувати за такими критеріями: суб’єктним складом; сферою здійснення; видом валютних цінностей; формою здійснення; способом здійснення.
Правовий статус та роль міжнародної фінансової організації як суб’єкта валютних правовідносин в глобалізаційному процесі
Authors: ШЕРЕМЕТЬЄВА ОЛЬГА
Published: March 2020

Процес глобалізації відбувається в усіх сферах життєдіяльності світової спільноти загалом й у сфері валютних відносин зокрема. Проте правовий статус і роль міжнародної фінансової організації як суб’єкта валютних правовідносин, особ ливо в умовах глобалізації, досліджено недостатньо.
Мета статті – охарактеризувати правовий статус і роль міжнародної фінансової організації як суб’єкта валютних правовідносин, особливо враховуючи глобалізаційні процеси, з метою уникнення прогалин і непорозумінь у науці та правозастосовній практиці.
У статті досліджуються особливості правового статусу міжнародної фінансової організації як суб’єкта валютних правовідносин в умовах глобалізації. Зокрема, особ ливості правосуб’єктності міжнародної фінансової організації, привілеї та імунітети, якими наділені ці міжнародні фінансові інституції. Також характеризуються деякі сучасні проблемні аспекти співпраці України з Міжнародним валютним фондом.
Підсумовуючи викладений матеріал, авторка зазначає, що договірна правоздатність міжнародних фінансових організацій суттєво відрізняється від договірної правоздатності держав, оскільки міжнародні фінансові організації наділені правосуб’єктністю, що є похідною від правосуб’єктності держав, якими вони створені. Цю особливість правового статусу міжнародних фінансових організацій необхідно брати до уваги у процесі здійснення співробітництва з ними. Водночас міжнародні фінансові організації наділені привілеями та імунітетами, властивими міжнародним організаціям, із деякими особливостями. Крім цього, міжнародним фінансовим організаціям властиве певне розширення обсягу правосуб’єктності, закріпленого в установчих документах цих організацій, за відсутності заперечень із боку держав-членів. А також входження до обсягу їхньої правосуб’єктності “квазізако-нодавчих” і “квазісудових” повноважень. Загалом можна зазначити, що міжнародні фінансові організації залежно від їхньої правосуб’єктності відіграють важливу роль у глобалізаційних процесах, які відбуваються у світі. Так, вони сприяли формуванню сучасних форм вивозу капіталу та збільшенню його обсягів, спрямуванню валютних і фінансових ресурсів у найбільш важливі для суспільного розвитку галузі, мінімізуючи ризики транскордонного руху капіталів, а також вони мають вагоме значення у процесі регулювання платіжних балансів держав тощо. І, нарешті, авторка звертає увагу, що в науці та українському законодавстві відсутня чітка, загальноприйнята і загальновизнана назва терміна “міжнародна фінансова орга нізація”. У зв’язку з цим вона вважає, що найповніше відповідатиме меті, суті та правовому статусу цих міжнародних фінансових структур термін “міжнародна валютна організація”. Оскільки саме цей термін відображає основну “вагову” категорію, з якою ці організації мають справу, тобто виключно валюта опосередковує всі їхні фінансові операції.
PENERAPAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN CTL (CONTEXTUAL TEACHING LEARNING) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN HAIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS XII IPS SMA NEGERI 10 PEKANBARU
Authors: Nurani Zun
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK), Metode yang digunakan adalah metode  CTL (Contexstual Teaching Learning). Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas XII IPS SMA Negeri 10 Pekanbaru. Pokok bahsan tentang perkembangan Orde Baru. Tujuan penelitian adalah meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa dilaksanakan sebanyak dua siklus. Sebelum melakukan proses pembelajaran diadakan tes yaitu prasiklus jumlah nilai (2390); siklus I (2885), dan  siklus II (3070). Untuk rata-rata nilai perkelas prasiklus  68,29, siklus I meningkat menjadi 78,92, dan siklus II meningkat menjadi 87,71. Hasil nilai yang diperoleh berdasarkan  KKM 75.  Nilai ketuntasan pada prasiklus  tuntas hanya 8 orang (22,86 %), tidak tuntas sebanyak 27 orang (77,14 %). Pada siklus I meningkat yang tuntas 24 orang (68,57 %, tidak tuntas 11 orang (31,43 %). Pada siklus II yang tuntas 34 orang (97,14 %) dan tidak tuntas 02,86 %). Hasil nilai berdasarkan tinggi dan rendahnya nilai prasiklus tertinggi 85 dan terendah 45; siklus I tertinggi 95 dan terendah 80. Berdasarkan  rentang dan kriteria nilai, pada prasiklus persentasinya 31,43 % (cukup); siklus I  sangat tinggi 37,14 ^ dan  siklus II pada kriteria sangat tinggi 51,43 %. Aktivitas siswa  setiap siklus meningkat yaitu siklus 1 berjumlah 71,43 dan siklus II berjumlah 85,71.
“Kör Keçi”den “Körebe”ye: Oyun İçinde Oyun
Authors: KASAPOĞLU AKYOL Pınar , KUTLU M. Muhtar
Published: March 2020

Çocuğun /çocukluğun toplumsal-kültürel tarihini yeniden inşa etmede tarihsel ve kültürel yorumun en çok başvurduğu belge ve nesneler içinde çocuk oyunları ve oyuncaklar gelmektedir. Anadolu’nun tüm yörelerinde yapılmış çocuk oyunlarına ilişkin derleme ve monografi nitelikli çalışmalarda karşımıza çıkan körebe oyunu da köklü bir geçmişe ve geniş bir coğrafi dağılıma sahip bir oyundur. Oyun kuralları, alanı, zamanı ve oyun örgüsüyle çok bildik ve çok tanıdık bir çocuk oyunudur. Cinsiyet ayrımı yapılmaksızın, iç ya da dış mekânlarda, belirlenmiş alanlarda (kimi zaman bir çember, kimi zaman bir oda) oynanan geleneksel çocuk oyunları sınıflamaları içinde yer alan kurallı grup oyunlarından biridir. Oyunun Anadolu çeşitlemelerinde içeriği ve temel özellikleri çoğunlukla değişmemektedir. Oyuna, çocuk oyunlarında ebenin rolü açısından bakıldığında; oyuna adını veren körebe olumsuz ve cezalandırılmış bir rolde kaybedendir. Oyun, yeni kaybedenleri bulmak üzere sürer ve hiç ebe olmayan oyuncu, oyunun kazananıdır. Çoğu çocuk oyununun kökenlerinin arkaik dönemin ritüelistik uygulamalarından türediği, onların izlerini taşıdığı ya da üstü örtük de olsa günümüze uzanmış öğelerle sürdürüldüğü bilinir. Oyunun betimlemeye çalıştığımız bu hali ile ritüel öğelerle ilişkilendirilmesi zor görünmektedir. Acaba öyle mi? Bu makalede, dünyanın birçok yerinde kör keçi olarak adlandırılan ve Anadolu’nun bazı bölgelerinde de kör çepiç olarak bilinen körebe oyununun, toplumsal bellekte saklı bir ritüel kalıntısı olduğunu gösteren izler üzerinden tartışılmaya çalışılacaktır.
French Hash? Southey's Editing of the Annual Anthology
Authors: Jarvis Robin
Published: March 2020

Robert Southey's Annual Anthology, which aimed to present a selection of current poetry and drew largely on his own friends and acquaintances, ran for just two volumes between 1799 and 1800. Although critics have shed light on individual poems and relationships among key contributors, there has been little attempt to consider the anthology project in the round. This essay provides an overview of the production and contents of the two volumes before examining in detail Southey's role as editor. His apparently random ‘mixed arrangement’ perturbed contemporary reviewers, but I argue that Southey took the job of editor seriously and thought carefully about which poems to place side by side. The essay proposes and illustrates four types of contiguity to explain the different effects he achieved by juxtaposing particular poems. What one of his closest friends described as a ‘hash’ is revealed as a much cleverer, altogether more artful editorial construct.
Transition Experiences of Newly Graduated Nurses
Authors: ÇİRİŞ YILDIZ Cennet , ERGÜN Yasemin
Published: March 2020

Objective: This is a qualitative study based on content analysis in order to reveal the transition experiences of nurses in the first year of their profession.Methods: The study was carried out between January 2018 and March 2018 with 30 newly graduated nurses, who work in three Training and Research Hospitals, two University Hospitals and three Private Hospitals with JCI Quality Certificate and have a maximum of one year of professional experience. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth individual interviews using face-to-face interviews. Results: Themes defined in the transition process of newly graduated nurses were emotional, sociocultural and developmental, physical and intellectual. In general, transition experiences of individuals were greatly influenced by the support that is given to the new graduate, the experience, the predictability, sincerity and consistency of the relationships with the individuals they were in contact with, and the expectations of the institution or experienced employees. In the first year of their professional experience, graduates do not feel themselves qualified, comfortable, safe and secure, and experience emotional and physical exhaustion in a short time. In addition, changes in life patterns and routines have emerged as distracting developments or unexpected burdens, particularly for new graduates experiencing adaptation problems. Conclusion: This study focused on the experiences of nurses during their first-year practice which is incredibly challenging for the new graduated nurses. It has been determined that formal and informal support programs are necessary for the new graduates to successfully start the profession.
Sensorless Driving/Braking Control for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Chen En-Ping , Cheng Jiangfeng , Tu Jia-Hung , Lin Chun-Liang
Published: March 2020

A sensorless driving/braking control system for electric vehicles is explained in the present paper. In the proposed system, a field-oriented control (FOC) was used to integrate driving and braking controls in a unified module for reducing the cost of hardware and simultaneously incorporating functional flexibility. An antilock braking system can swiftly halt a vehicle during emergency braking. An electromagnetic reverse braking scheme that provided retarding torque to a running wheel was developed. The scheme could switch the state of the MOSFETs used in the system by alternating the duty cycle of pulse width modulation to adjust the braking current generated by the back electromotive force (EMF) of the motor. In addition, because the braking energy required for the electromagnetic braking scheme is related only to the back EMF, the vehicle operator can control the braking force and safely stop an electric vehicle at high speeds. The proposed integrated sensorless driving and electromagnetic braking system was verified experimentally.
Development of Peach Flower Buds under Low Winter Chilling Conditions
Authors: Penso Gener A. , Citadin Idemir , Scariotto Silvia , Santos Carlos E. Magalhães dos , Junior Américo W. , Bruckner Claudio H. , Rodrigo Javier
Published: March 2020

Here, we reviewed both endogenous and exogenous factors involved in the processes of flower bud formation and flower development in peach, analyzing how they can be affected by climatic change in temperate zones, explored the expansion of peach to tropical or subtropical zones. The process of flower bud formation in peach differs between low winter chilling and temperate conditions. Although the main steps of flower development are maintained, the timing in which each one occurs is different, and some processes can be altered under low winter chilling conditions, with a great impact on fruit production and crop management. Further studies on flower bud induction and differentiation under warmer conditions are fundamental for addressing the alterations in flower bud development that negatively impact on next season’s harvest. In the future, horticulturalists and scientists will face several challenges, mainly how high temperatures affect the expression of the main genes regulating flower formation and how to improve crop management in these conditions.
Estimating the Protein Concentration in Rice Grain Using UAV Imagery Together with Agroclimatic Data
Authors: Hama Akira , Tanaka Kei , Mochizuki Atsushi , Tsuruoka Yasuo , Kondoh Akihiko
Published: March 2020

Global warming and climate change can potentially change not only rice production but also rice nutrient content. To adapt a rice-dependent country’s farming to the impacts of climate change, it is necessary to assess and monitor the potential risk that climate change poses to agriculture. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between rice grain protein content (GPC) and meteorological variables through unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing and meteorological measurements. Furthermore, a method for GPC estimation that combines remote sensing data and meteorological variables was proposed. The conclusions of this study were as follows: (1) The accuracy and robustness of the GPC estimation model were improved by evaluating the nitrogen condition with the green normalized difference vegetation index at the heading stage (GNDVIheading) and evaluating photosynthesis with the average daily solar radiation during the grain-filling stage (SRgrain-filling). GPC estimation considering SRgrain-filling in addition to GNDVIheading was able to estimate the observed GPC under the different conditions. (2) Increased temperature from the transplantation date to the heading stage can affect increased GPC when extreme temperature does not cause the heat stress.
Effect of Rice Residue Retention and Foliar Application of K on Water Productivity and Profitability of Wheat in North West India
Authors: Meena Raj Pal , Venkatesh Karnam , Khobra Rinki , Tripathi S. C. , Prajapat Kailash , Sharma R. K. , Singh G. P.
Published: March 2020

The rice–wheat cropping system being the backbone of food security in South-Asia has resulted in soil health deterioration, declining water table, and air pollution affecting livability index of the region. The effect of rice residue retention (RRR), irrigation levels and foliar application of K on wheat grain yield (GY), water use efficiency (WUE) and profitability was tested over three years. RRR increased wheat GY (5224 kg ha−1), above-ground biomass (AGBM = 11.9 t ha−1), tillers per square meter (TPM = 469) and grains per meter square (GrPMS = 13,917) significantly. Relative water content (RWC = 93.8) and WUE (2.45 k gm−3) were also increased significantly by RRR. Consequently, profitability (Net return = 624.4 $ and Benefit to cost (B:C) ratio) was enhanced. Foliar application of K enhanced GY (5151 kg ha−1), AGBM (12 t ha−1), RWC (94.1), SPAD (52.2), WUE (2.40 kg m−3), net returns (625.2 $) and BC ratio (1.62) significantly. RRR increased GY (15.66%) and WUE (17.39%) with additional revenue of 151 $ with only one irrigation at the CRI stage (ICS). RRR adopted over 10% of the area can earn 187 million-US$ annually. RRR if adopted over existing practice on a large area would reduce environmental degradation with an enhanced income to small and marginal farmers.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Meropenem and Piperacillin in Critical Illness—Experience and Recommendations from One Year in Routine Clinical Practice
Authors: Scharf Christina , Paal Michael , Schroeder Ines , Vogeser Michael , Draenert Rika , Irlbeck Michael , Zoller Michael , Liebchen Uwe
Published: March 2020

Various studies have reported insufficient beta-lactam concentrations in critically ill patients. The extent to which therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in clinical practice can reduce insufficient antibiotic concentrations is an ongoing matter of investigation. We retrospectively evaluated routine meropenem and piperacillin measurements in critically ill patients who received antibiotics as short infusions in the first year after initiating a beta-lactam TDM program. Total trough concentrations above 8.0 mg/L for meropenem and above 22.5 mg/L for piperacillin were defined as the breakpoints for target attainment. We included 1832 meropenem samples and 636 piperacillin samples. We found that 39.3% of meropenem and 33.6% of piperacillin samples did not reach the target concentrations. We observed a clear correlation between renal function and antibiotic concentration (meropenem, r = 0.53; piperacillin, r = 0.63). Patients with renal replacement therapy or creatinine clearance (CrCl) of <70 mL/min had high rates of target attainment with the standard dosing regimens. There was a low number of patients with a CrCl >100 mL/min that achieved the target concentrations with the maximum recommended dosage. Patients with impaired renal function only required TDM if toxic side effects were noted. In contrast, patients with normal renal function required different dosage regimens and TDM-guided therapy to reach the breakpoints of target attainment.
The Interaction between Antioxidants Content and Allergenic Potency of Different Raspberry Cultivars
Authors: Hallmann Ewelina , Ponder Alicja , Aninowski Mateusz , Narangerel Tuya , Leszczyńska Joanna
Published: March 2020

Food allergies are a very serious problem among consumers. The most common food allergies involve animal products, but they can also involve fruits such as berries. We aimed to determine whether organic farming is useful for the production of high-quality and safe fruits. Three varieties of raspberries ‘Laszka’, ‘Glen Ample’ and ‘Polka’ from organic and conventional production (neighboring farms) were collected over the two years of the experiment. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of phenolic compounds was carried out, and the content of Bet v1 and profilin was determined. The organic raspberries contained a lower level of phenolic compounds, especially anthocyanins. Conventional fruits were characterized by a higher allergenic potency than organic ones. We found a strong link between their anthocyanin content and the allergy status of conventional raspberry fruits. Therefore, organically produced raspberries are safer for consumers.
Global Evolutionary Analysis of 11 Gene Families Part of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Gene Network in Four Eucalyptus Species
Authors: Li Qiang , San Clemente Hélène , He Yongrui , Fu Yongyao , Dunand Christophe
Published: March 2020

Eucalyptus is a worldwide hard-wood species which increasingly focused on. To adapt to various biotic and abiotic stresses, Eucalyptus have evolved complex mechanisms, increasing the cellular concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by numerous ROS controlling enzymes. To better analyse the ROS gene network and discuss the differences between four Eucalyptus species, ROS gene network including 11 proteins families (1CysPrx, 2CysPrx, APx, APx-R, CIII Prx, Diox, GPx, Kat, PrxII, PrxQ and Rboh) were annotated and compared in an expert and exhaustive manner from the genomic data available from E. camaldulensis, E. globulus, E. grandis, and E. gunnii. In addition, a specific sequencing strategy was performed in order to determine if the missed sequences in at least one organism are the results of gain/loss events or only sequencing gaps. We observed that the automatic annotation applied to multigenic families is the source of miss-annotation. Base on the family size, the 11 families can be categorized into duplicated gene families (CIII Prx, Kat, 1CysPrx, and GPx), which contain a lot of gene duplication events and non-duplicated families (APx, APx-R, Rboh, DiOx, 2CysPrx, PrxII, and PrxQ). The gene family sizes are much larger in Eucalyptus than most of other angiosperms due to recent gene duplications, which could give higher adaptability to environmental changes and stresses. The cross-species comparative analysis shows gene gain and loss events during the evolutionary process. The 11 families possess different expression patterns, while in the Eucalyptus genus, the ROS families present similar expression patterns. Overall, the comparative analysis might be a good criterion to evaluate the adaptation of different species with different characters, but only if data mining is as exhaustive as possible. It is also a good indicator to explore the evolutionary process.