bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMEX_SfloW2D 1.0: a depth-averaged numerical flow model for pyroclastic avalanches
Authors: de' Michieli Vitturi Mattia , Esposti Ongaro Tomaso , Lari Giacomo , Aravena Alvaro
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Pyroclastic avalanches are a type of granular flow generated at active
volcanoes by different mechanisms, including the collapse of steep
pyroclastic deposits (e.g., scoria and ash cones), fountaining during
moderately explosive eruptions, and crumbling and gravitational collapse of
lava domes. They represent end-members of gravity-driven pyroclastic flows
characterized by relatively small volumes (less than about 1 Mm3) and
relatively thin (1–10 m) layers at high particle concentration
(10–50 vol %), manifesting strong topographic control. The simulation of
their dynamics and mapping of their hazards pose several different problems
to researchers and practitioners, mostly due to the complex and still poorly
understood rheology of the polydisperse granular mixture and to the
interaction with the complex natural three-dimensional topography, which
often causes rapid rheological changes. In this paper, we present
IMEX_SfloW2D, a depth-averaged flow model describing the granular mixture as
a single-phase granular fluid. The model is formulated in absolute Cartesian
coordinates (whereby the fluid flow equations are integrated along the
direction of gravity) and can be solved over a topography described by a
digital elevation model. The numerical discretization and solution algorithms
are formulated to allow for a robust description of wet–dry conditions (thus
allowing us to accurately track the front propagation) and an implicit
solution to
the nonlinear friction terms. Owing to these features, the model is able to
reproduce steady solutions, such as the triggering and stopping phases of the
flow, without the need for empirical conditions. Benchmark cases are discussed
to verify the numerical code implementation and to demonstrate the main
features of the new model. A preliminary application to the simulation of the
11 February pyroclastic avalanche at the Etna volcano (Italy) is finally
presented. In the present formulation, a simple semi-empirical friction model
(Voellmy–Salm rheology) is implemented. However, the modular structure of the
code facilitates the implementation of more specific and calibrated
rheological models for pyroclastic avalanches.
Communicating disaster risk? An evaluation of the availability and quality of flood maps
Authors: Henstra Daniel , Minano Andrea , Thistlethwaite Jason
Published: February 2019

Abstract. One of the key priorities for disaster risk reduction is to ensure
decision makers, stakeholders, and the public understand their exposure to
disaster risk, so that they can take protective action. Flood maps are a
potentially valuable tool for facilitating this understanding of flood risk,
but previous research has found that they vary considerably in availability
and quality. Using an evaluation framework comprising nine criteria grounded
in existing scholarship, this study assessed the quality of flood maps
available to the public in Canadian communities located in designated flood
risk areas. It found that flood maps in most municipalities (62 %) are
low quality (meeting less than 50 % of the criteria) and the highest score
was 78 % (seven of nine criteria met). The findings suggest that a more concerted
effort to produce high-quality, publicly accessible flood maps is required to
support Canada's international commitment to disaster risk reduction. Further
questions surround possible weighting of quality assessment criteria, whether
and how individuals seek out flood maps, and how flood risk information could
be better communicated using modern technology.
Validation of the sea ice surface albedo scheme of the regional climate model HIRHAM–NAOSIM using aircraft measurements during the ACLOUD/PASCAL campaigns
Authors: Jäkel Evelyn , Stapf Johannes , Wendisch Manfred , Nicolaus Marcel , Dorn Wolfgang , Rinke Annette
Published: February 2019

Abstract. For large scale and long term Arctic climate simulations appropriate parameterization of the surface albedo are required. Therefore, the sea ice surface (SIS) albedo parameterization of the coupled regional climate model HIRHAM–NAOSIM was examined against measurements performed during the joint ACLOUD (Arctic CLoud Observations Using airborne mea-surements during polar Day) and PASCAL (Physical feedbacks of Arctic boundary layer, Sea ice, Cloud and AerosoL) cam-paigns which were performed in May/June 2017 north of Svalbard. The SIS albedo parameterization was tested using measured quantities of the prognostic variables surface temperature and snow depth to calculate the surface albedo and the individual fractions of the ice surface subtypes (snow covered ice, bare ice, and melt ponds) derived from digital camera images taken onboard of the Polar 5/6 aircraft. Based on data gained during 12 flights, it was found that the range of parameterized SIS albedo for individual days is smaller than that of the measurements. This was attributed to the biased functional dependence of the SIS albedo parameterization on temperature. Furthermore, a temporal bias was observed with higher values compared to the modeled SIS albedo (0.88 compared to 0.84 for 29 May 2017) in the beginning of the campaign, and an opposite trend towards the end of the campaign (0.67 versus 0.83 for 25 June 2017). Furthermore, the surface type fraction parameterization was tested against the camera image product which revealed an agreement within 1 %. An adjustment of the variables, defining the parameterized SIS albedo, and additionally accounting for the cloud cover could reduce the root mean squared error from 0.14 to 0.04 for cloud free/broken cloud situations and from 0.06 to 0.05 for overcast conditions.
What Orthopaedic Surgeons Need to Know: The Basic Science Behind Opioids
Authors: Hagedorn John C. , Danilevich Maxim , Gary Joshua L.
Published: February 2019

On October 26, 2017, US president, Donald J. Trump, declared the opioid epidemic a national public health emergency. This declaration opened the door to government funding for programs geared toward studying and treating opioid addiction; however, part of the responsibility to slow the epidemic falls on physicians. Orthopaedic surgeons prescribed the third-highest number of narcotic prescriptions among all physician groups, and therefore, they have a major role to play in decreasing the use of opioids. Although restricting prescriptions is part of the solution, orthopaedic surgeries are often painful, and opioid medications, along with other multimodal nonopioid medications, allow patients to control pain and improve function, especially in the short term. Therefore, to successfully manage pain and opioid prescriptions, orthopaedic surgeons should know the basic science behind these powerful medications. Understanding the basic mechanism of action of opioid and nonopioid medication classes, knowing what oral morphine equivalent are, and knowing which nonopioid drugs can amplify or weaken the potency of opioids will help orthopaedic surgeons become more informed prescribers and leaders in helping control the opioid epidemic.
De opmars van het uitleveringsrecht in de rechtspraak van het Hof van Justitie – het arrest Pisciotti nader beschouwd in het licht van eerdere Europese jurisprudentie en de Nederlandse uitleveringspraktijk
Authors: de Vries A.J.
Published: February 2019

De opmars van het uitleveringsrecht in de rechtspraak van het Hof van Justitie – het arrest Pisciotti nader beschouwd in het licht van eerdere Europese jurisprudentie en de Nederlandse uitleveringspraktijk

Recentelijk heeft het Hof van Justitie in de zaak Pisciotti opnieuw een oordeel gegeven over uitlevering van een EU-onderdaan naar een derde staat.HvJ (Grote Kamer) 10 april 2018, zaak C-191/16, Romano Pisciotti/Bundesrepublik Deutschland, ECLI:EU:C:2018:222. Het arrest bouwt voort op eerdere revolutionaire rechtspraak en verduidelijkt de ingezette lijn van het Hof van Justitie. Om die reden is de uitspraak bijzonder interessant. In deze bijdrage bespreek ik het oordeel van het Hof van Justitie in Pisciotti. Vervolgens plaats ik het arrest in de context van eerdere Europese jurisprudentie over uitlevering. Ik bekijk ook welke implicaties de rechtspraak van het Hof van Justitie heeft voor de rechtspraktijk hier te lande.

HvJ (Grote Kamer) 10 april 2018, zaak C-191/16, Romano Pisciotti/Bundesrepublik Deutschland, ECLI:EU:C:2018:222.
O treinamento aeróbio melhora o sono de estudantes universitários?
Authors: Pereira Thulio Nilson do Nascimento , Brasileiro-Santos Maria Do Socorro , Lima Anna Myrna Jaguaribe de
Published: February 2019

Introdução: O sono é um estado fisiológico complexo e essencial. A qualidade do sono pode ser melhorada através da prática regular de exercício. Objetivo: Determinar a eficácia do treinamento aeróbio sobre a qualidade do sono (QS) e a sonolência diurna excessiva (SDE) em estudantes universitários. Métodos: 16 voluntários, divididos em grupo controle (GC; n=8) e grupo treinado (GT; n=8). O GT realizou 8 semanas de treinamento aeróbio e em ambos os grupos foram avaliados a QS, utilizando o índice de qualidade do sono de Pittsburgh (PSQI) e a SDE, através da escala de sonolência de Epworth (ESE). Resultados: O GT apresentou menor escore de PSQI comparado ao GC. Sobre a SDE, na comparação intragrupos, não houve alteração em nenhum dos grupos. Conclusão: De acordo com os resultados, o treinamento aeróbio de intensidade moderada melhora a qualidade do sono, porém parece não afetar a sonolência diurna excessiva.
Efeito de diferentes métodos de aquecimento no desempenho de repetições na cadeira extensora: ensaio clínico
Authors: Santana Haroldo Gualter , Oliveira Renata Cristina de Souza , Ginú Leandro De Souza , Fernandes Sebastião Galdino , Paz Gabriel Andrade , Miranda Humberto Lameira
Published: February 2019

Introdução: Ao iniciar uma sessão de treinamento de força é recomendado aquecimento como forma de preparação à atividade principal, com o objetivo de melhorar a capacidade fisiológica do indivíduo para determinadas tarefas motoras. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar o efeito de diferentes métodos de aquecimento no desempenho de repetições na cadeira extensora. Métodos: Participaram do presente estudo 10 homens (26,9 ± 3,3 anos). Foram feitas 6 visitas, com intervalo de 72 horas. Foram realizadas a familiarização, teste e reteste de 10 repetições máximas e as demais visitas para a execução dos protocolos experimentais. Resultados: Em relação ao total de repetições, a autoliberação miofascial proporcionou maior desempenho em comparação aos demais protocolos de aquecimento. Conclusão: Podemos concluir que a autoliberação miofascial pode ser uma ferramenta importante para treinadores no que concerne à prescrição do aquecimento com a manutenção do desempenho de repetições no treinamento de força.
Corrente Russa associada ao Ultrassom ou a Fonoforese reduz o Fibro Edema Gelóide
Authors: Rodrigues Anna Y. M. , Rolin Jeanine , Sá Mariana V. de , Silveira Layna H. C. , Silva Morgana Duarte da
Published: February 2019

Introdução: O fibro edema gelóide (FEG) ocasiona deformações locais no tecido subcutâneo. Correntes excito motoras, como a corrente russa (CR), e métodos que associam efeitos mecânicos e térmicos no tecido, como o ultrassom (US), são usados para tratar a FEG. O US pode ainda ser aplicado com a fonoforese (FN) para aumentar a absorção percutânea de princípios ativos. Objetivo: Verificar o efeito da CR associada ao US ou à FN no tratamento da FEG em glúteos e coxas de mulheres jovens. Métodos: Participaram mulheres com FEG que realizaram 10 sessões de CR com US ou com FN. As voluntárias foram avaliadas antes e após os tratamentos. Resultados: Obteve-se diminuição da espessura das dobras cutâneas, redução do grau de FEG, redução da distorção da imagem corporal e índice de satisfação elevado das voluntárias com os resultados de ambos tratamentos, porém a FN associada à CR apresentou efeito mais evidente. Conclusão: Os tratamentos utilizados fornecem resultados rápidos e satisfatórios na redução do FEG.
Ordem do treinamento com pesos, capacidade funcional e carga de treino em idosos treinados: ensaio clínico aleatorizado.
Authors: Pina Fábio Luiz Cheche , Cavalcante Edilaine Fungari , Tomeleri Crisieli Maria , Do Nascimento Matheus Amarante , Gerage Aline Mendes , Januário Renata Selvatici Borges , De Oliveira Arli Ramos , Cyrino Edilson Serpeloni
Published: February 2019

Introdução: a ordem do treinamento com pesos (TP) pode estar relacionada aos benefícios observados nesta modalidade. Objetivo: avaliar a ordem de TP na capacidade funcional e carga de treino. Métodos: dezoito idosos treinados foram aleatorizados: sequência A (SEQ A), dos grandes para os pequenos grupos musculares e sequência B (SEQ B), ordem inversa a SEQ A. A flexibilidade, tarefas funcionais, resistência muscular e carga de treino foram verificados. Resultados: interação foi observada para a flexibilidade, em que a SEQ B (+ 18,7%) apresentou resultado significativo, quando comparada à SEQ A (- 18,4%). Efeito do tempo foi encontrado para tarefa funcional (SEQ A = - 2,9% e SEQ B = - 1,9%), resistência muscular (SEQ A = + 11,5% e SEQ B = + 8,9%) e carga de treino (SEQ A = + 54,0% e SEQ B = + 74,3%). Conclusão: TP é efetivo para a melhora da tarefa funcional, da resistência muscular e da carga de treino, porém a ordem pode influenciar na flexibilidade.
CRIMINAL-LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE DRUG ABUSE IN SOME COUNTRIES AND IMPOSED APPROACHES AGAINST IT
Authors: Khamidov Nurmukhammad
Published: February 2019

This article outlines the criminal-legal aspects and some characteristics of the crimes related to
narcotics and psychotropic substances, also the nature of the drug trafficking has summarized.
The actions of some public bodies and state authorities in the fight against such crimes in the
some countries has been compared. Furthermore, it has been presented how drug addicts who
are potential criminals, can pose a serious public danger to society (for example, committing a
serious and especially serious crime against a person or during the “breaking” period at the
time of drug intoxication - against property and against the person).
GLOBALIZATIONAL AND NORMATIVE DETERMINANTS OF THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE BANKING CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT IN POLAND
Authors: Domańska-Szaruga Beata , Prokopowicz Dariusz , Wereda Wioletta
Published: February 2019

Since the beginning of the nineties, globalization processes have also been progressing faster
in Poland. One of the sectors of the Polish economy in which globalization is proceeding
relatively quickly is the financial sector, especially commercial banking. This is related to the
acquisition of Polish banks by foreign financial institutions, i.e. the process that most intensively occurred in the 90s of the last century. In addition, Poland's accession in 2004 to the
structures of the European Union and the development of electronic banking, the development
of technologies and Internet services are factors that have accelerated globalization processes
in Poland in recent years. The high level of globalization also applies to the capital market,
both from the side of the organization and the nature of transactions made at the Warsaw Stock
Exchange. The result of this high level of globalization of financial markets in Poland was the
rapid appearance of negative market and cyclical effects of the global financial crisis in the
autumn of 2008. The source of this crisis was the acceptance of an excessively high level of
credit risk in US investment banks. However, the negative economic consequences of this
crisis also quickly appeared in Poland. In addition to the significant depreciation of market
valuations of shares of companies listed on the War-saw Stock Exchange, significant macroeconomic
effects have also appeared in the form of a decline in the economic growth of the
Polish economy. The existing situation indicates the need to continue the improvement of
banking prudential regulations and credit risk management instruments in financial institutions.
MILITARY CONFLICTS AND CHANGE OF LEGAL BASIS OF THE POLICE FUNCTIONINGIN DUCHY OF WARSAW
Authors: Mielnik Marcin
Published: February 2019

This article discusses the key problems faced by specific governments of the Duchy of Warsaw
in terms of the objectives and actions of the police authority. These were matters related to
the determination of the competence of the specific ministries and the location of the Ministry
of the Police between them and the issuance of a number of legal acts related to its functioning.
Wars that took place during the existence of the Duchy of Warsaw played a significant
role in the implementation of the applicable law. The author paid particular attention to the
issue of the impact of the creation, development and functioning of the police. As a consequence,
issues related to the formation of state authorities and administration at key moments
in the history of a small state were included in this issue. The analysis in this area focused on
the operation of the police in critical situations.
Metodyka szkoleń w zakresie ochrony aplikacji internetowych przed atakami z cyberprzestrzeni
Authors: Wojdygowski Krystian , Świerczyński Zbigniew
Published: February 2019

W artykule przedstawiono założenia autorskiej metodyki przeprowadzenia szkoleń z zakresu ochrony aplikacji internetowych przed atakami z cyberprzestrzeni. Oprócz metodyki, opisano stanowisko laboratoryjne opracowane specjalnie na potrzeby realizacji części praktycznej metodyki. Przedstawiono przykładowe scenariusze zadań szkoleniowych, co z punktu widzenia dydaktycznego stanowi spójną całość i umożliwia przekazywanie wiedzy w sposób kompleksowy, usystematyzowany oraz dobrze przyswajalny przez odbiorców.

The paper presents assumptions of the authorial methodology to conduct trainings in the field of web application protection against cyber-attacks. In addition, a laboratory stand with example training scenarios is described, that was prepared especially for an implementation of the practical part of the methodology. From a didactical point of view, it is a coherent whole, allowing knowledge transfer in a comprehensive, systematized and easily assimilable way.
Overview of Health Impacts due to Haze Pollution in Johor, Malaysia
Authors: Hanafi Nur H. , Hassim Mimi Haryani , Noor Zainura Z.
Published: February 2019

Haze pollution is one of the major environmental issues caused by aerosols, having brought about a history of heavy smog pollution events like the London smog in 1952 and the Los Angeles smog in the 1960s. However, in Malaysia, haze events are attributed to forest and peat fires in Kalimantan and Southern Sumatra, Indonesia. The burned biomass basically contains concentrated particulate matters that are hazardous to health among susceptible population groups. Based on the extensive literature review conducted, the small number of available local studies on the health effects of air pollution in Malaysia conducted so far focused on air pollution sciences. In this paper, a comprehensive overview of studies done on the impacts of haze on health conditions among populations in Malaysia is presented. The result shows that the number of upper respiratory tract infection cases was directly proportional to the particulate matter concentration and Air Pollution Index value in Johor in the years 2014 and 2015. Particulate matteris the major contributor in the formation of heavy hazes and is more likely to initiate detrimental health effects compared to other inhalable particles due to their size, large area, and strong activity, making them more likely to carry harmful substances causing a higher number of infected patients with upper respiratory tract infections.
Der Kronzeuge im Strafgesetzbuch
Authors: Christoph Stephan
Published: February 2019

Since 2009, the German criminal code has contained a far-reaching accomplice evidence rule (“Kronzeugenregelung“) in its sec. 46b. In his book, the author deals intensively with different aspects of this recent legal norm. He concentrates both on practical and on dogmatic problems concerning this highly contentious legal concept. In doing so, he critically analyses some of the traditional prejudices towards so-called supergrasses, particularly the compatibility with the principle of the mandatory prosecution of offenses (Legalitätsprinzip) as well as with the principle of guilt (Schuldprinzip). The core of the work is a nationwide empirical study which examines the practical application of the accomplice evidence rule. It contains an online survey among judges, prosecutors, lawyers and policemen, an analysis of court decisions and (for the first time ever) a student survey about the present topic. It is the largest empirical study on accomplice witnesses in Germany so far.
Five new species of the Drosophila tripunctata group (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from Podocarpus National Park, Ecuador
Authors: Peñafiel-Vinueza Ana Danitza , Rafael Violeta
Published: February 2019

Five new species of the genus Drosophila Fallén, 1823 belonging to the tripunctata group are described and illustrated: D. warmi sp. nov., D. kurillakta sp. nov., D. chichu sp. nov., D. saraguru sp. nov. and D. ayauma sp. nov. from the forests of Podocarpus National Park. The first species is ascribed to subgroup II of Frota-Pessoa (1954), the second species to subgroup IV, and the last three species are not assigned to any subgroup. The flies were captured using plastic bottles containing pieces of yeast fermented banana.
Integración de las TIC en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la especialidad de Pedagogía en los conservatorios superiores de música
Authors: Díez Latorre Nuria , Carrera Farran Xavier
Published: February 2019

Esta investigación analiza la integración de Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje de los futuros pedagogos de música. Para ello se ha tomado en consideración la perspectiva del profesorado de los departamentos de Pedagogía de 14 conservatorios superiores españoles. Los datos se han recogido a partir de un cuestionario y un grupo de discusión. En general la predisposición a utilizar las TIC es alta, pero se basa en criterios de acceso a recursos y eficacia en las tareas docentes más que al fomento de prácticas pedagógicas innovadoras.

This research analyzes how Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are integrated into teaching and the learning process of future music pedagogues. For this purpose, integration of ICT and teaching perspective of 14 Spanish superior music conservatories was analyzed through the conduction of a survey and the evaluation of a discussion group. The results suggest that, in general, there is a high predisposition towards the use of ICTs. They also show that this predisposition is based on access to resources and the efficiency in teaching tasks criteria rather than the promotion of innovative pedagogical practices.
СТРУКТУРНЫЕ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ УГЛЕРОДНОГО НАНОМАТЕРИАЛА ПРИ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИИ ВЫСОКОЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОГО ЛАЗЕРНОГО ИЗЛУЧЕНИЯ
Authors: Pavlyuchenko P.E. , Seropyan G.M. , Trenikhin M.V. , Drozdov V.A.
Published: February 2019

В работе проведено облучение глобулярного турбостратного углеродного материала лазерными импульсами в различных условиях. Методом ПЭМ зафиксировано, что формирование наноструктурированных частиц – нанокапсул в процессе облучения на длине волны 1064 нм происходит при плотности мощности I =108 Вт/см2, а её увеличение до I =1011 Вт/см2 приводит к возрастанию упорядоченности получаемых структур. Показано, что облучение исходных глобул импульсами с длиной волны 532 нм позволяет уменьшить межплоскостное расстояние графеновых слоев с 0,410 нм до 0,346 нм в сформированных нанокапсулах. Проанализирована зависимость максимальной температуры нагрева наночастиц от плотности энергии в пятне лазера. Установлено влияние температуры нагрева углеродного наноматериала на его структуру и морфологию.
ATENUACIÓN: ALGUNAS CLAVES METODOLÓGICAS PARA SU ANÁLISIS
Authors: Villalba Ibáñez Cristina
Published: February 2019

El estudio de la atenuación lingüística, en tanto fenómeno pragmático, necesita criterios consensuados de identificación que ayuden al analista en sus investigaciones y facilite el desarrollo de estudios contrastivos. En esta línea, este artículo se propone reflexionar acerca del fenómeno de la atenuación y, más concretamente, sobre los criterios que la bibliografía ha empleado para su reconocimiento. Dichos criterios podrían resumirse grosso modo en la vaguedad del contenido semántico, la mitigación de la fuerza ilocutiva, la desfocalización del papel de los participantes en la interacción y el reconocimiento de la función o finalidad de la atenuación. Además de estos criterios, se ofrecen tres pruebas que pueden emplearse para validar el análisis: la prueba de la ausencia, la prueba de la conmutación y la prueba de la solidaridad. Estas pruebas, junto con un estudio pormenorizado del contexto interactivo general (el género discursivo) y el contexto interactivo concreto en el que aparece el mecanismo atenuante pueden resultar claves para reforzar los criterios anteriormente señalados y facilitar el reconocimiento de la atenuación.
LA CONSTRUCCIÓN NO SÉ EN ESPAÑOL COLOQUIAL. VALORES PRAGMÁTICOS Y POSICIÓN DISCURSIVA
Authors: López Serena Araceli , González Márquez Sara
Published: February 2019

La expresión del ‘no saber’ en primera persona del singular del presente de indicativo posee, en español, diversas posibilidades de manifestación formal, algunas de las cuales entrañan valores alejados a los propios de su funcionamiento dentro de la estructura predicativa de la oración y próximos al desempeño de funciones relacionadas con el ámbito de la marcación discursiva. Este trabajo se centra en una de esas construcciones, la expresión no sé en los usos en que no forma parte de una estructura de predicación con complemento directo. A partir de su rastreo en un corpus de conversaciones orales espontáneas, se aborda su descripción formal y funcional con ayuda (i) del modelo de segmentación de la conversación coloquial del grupo Val.Es.Co., en la última visión de conjunto ofrecida a propósito de su sistema de unidades (Grupo Val.Es.Co., 2014), (ii) de la propuesta de figuras de sintaxis del grupo GARS (cf. Blanche-Benveniste, 1985, López Serena, 2007) y (iii) de la aproximación funcional al comportamiento de los marcadores del discurso en el continuum entre inmediatez y distancia comunicativa llevada a cabo por López Serena y Borreguero Zuloaga (2010). La triangulación de los resultados de los tres tipos de análisis efectuados permite identificar interesantes correlaciones entre ciertos valores pragmáticos y determinadas regularidades y complementar la información que sobre esta construcción ofrecían ya algunos diccionarios de partículas, marcadores u operadores del español. Desde un punto de vista teórico, el artículo pone de relieve el interés de introducir, en el análisis de construcciones discursivas que, como la estudiada aquí, van «más allá de los marcadores del discurso» (cf. López Serena, 2011a), la consideración del tipo de unidad discursiva en la que aparecen, así como de los tipos de figuras de sintaxis con que concurren.
ESTUDIO LINGÜÍSTICO DE LOS INDICADORES DEL HUMOR. EL CASO DE LA COMEDIA DE SITUACIÓN
Authors: Aliaga Aguza Laura María
Published: February 2019

La comedia de situación es un género audiovisual que se caracteriza por crear situaciones basadas en la realidad, pero de forma humorística. En este artículo pretendemos realizar un análisis del humor verbal en este género desde un enfoque semántico - pragmático. Dicho análisis se apoya en la Teoría General del Humor Verbal (TGHV) establecida por Attardo y Raskin en 1991 y su posterior revisión realizada por Ruiz Gurillo en 2012. Para ello estudiaremos un tipo de los mecanismos humorísticos que crean el efecto cómico en la comedia de situación, concretamente analizaremos una temporada de la versión doblada al castellano de la serie estadounidense Cómo conocí a vuestra madre, centrándonos en los indicadores lingüísticos que producen humor. Además, señalaremos los principios conversacionales que se infringen en cada secuencia humorística.
Wild edible fool’s watercress, a potential crop with high nutraceutical properties
Authors: Guijarro-Real Carla , Prohens Jaime , Rodriguez-Burruezo Adrian , Adalid-Martínez Ana María , López-Gresa M Pilar , Fita Ana
Published: February 2019

Background

Fool’s watercress (Apium nodiflorum) is an edible vegetable with potential as a new crop. However, little information is available regarding the antioxidant properties of the plant and the individual phenolics accounting for this capacity are unknown.

Methods

The antioxidant properties of twenty-five wild populations were analysed and individual phenolics present in the species reported and compared with celery and parsley. The antioxidant activity was measured as the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) free radical scavenging capacity, and the total phenolics content (TPC) via the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure. The individual phenolics constituents were determined via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as aglycones.

Results

The average DPPH and TPC of fool’s watercress were 28.1 mg Trolox g−1DW and 22.3 mg of chlorogenic acid equivalents g−1DW, respectively, much higher than those of celery and parsley. Significant differences for both DPPH and TPC, which may be explained by either genotype or environmental factors, were detected among groups established according to geographical origin. Quercetin was identified as the major phenolic present in the leaves of the species, unlike parsley and celery, in which high amounts of apigenin and luteolin were determined. Quercetin represented 61.6% of the phenolics targeted in fool’s watercress, followed by caffeic acid derivatives as main hydroxycinnamic acids.

Discussion

The study reports the high antioxidant properties of fool’s watercress based on a large number of populations. Results suggest that quercetin accounts for an important share of the antioxidant capacity of this potential new crop. The study also provides a basis for future breeding programs, suggesting that selection by geographical locations may result in differences in the antioxidant properties.
Total incombustible (mineral) content ofCherax quadricarinatusdiffers between feral populations in Central-Eastern Australia
Authors: Tierney Leyton J. , Wild Clyde H. , Furse James M.
Published: February 2019

Cherax quadricarinatushas been widely translocated within Australia, and a number of self-sustaining feral populations have established, and persisted, in central-eastern Australia for over 20 years: however, the biology and ecology of feral populations remain poorly understood. Using the loss-by-ignition method, this study investigated differences in the total content of incombustible material (as a proxy for total mineral content), between feralC. quadricarinatuspopulations in southeast Queensland and northeastern New South Wales. A total of 102C. quadricarinatuswere ignited, and percent total incombustible material was not proportional to the body size, or gender of the crayfish. Incombustible content was however, significantly different between some locations of capture (i.e., waterbodies). The site where incombustible content in crayfish was atypical, Lake Ainsworth, is a naturally acidic coastal lake, and we suggest that acidity and low concentration of calcium in that waterbody are likely responsible for the difference in mineral content detected in that population. Mechanism(s) driving the difference detected in the Lake Ainsworth population are unknown, but we suggest the acidic environment could directly impact maintenance of internal calcium reserves in the crayfish (intermoult), during recalcification of the cuticle (postmoult), or both. Limited calcium availability in the lake may also be a direct, or indirect, contributing factor. The ability ofC. quadricarinatusto occupy acidic habitats while managing biomineralization challenges possibly could enable additional range-expansion of the species, and potential impacts on both endangered ecological communities and other biota occupying the acidic coastal habitats of Eastern Australia.
A gelatin/collagen/polycaprolactone scaffold for skin regeneration
Authors: Wei Lin-Gwei , Chang Hsin-I , Wang Yiwei , Hsu Shan-hui , Dai Lien-Guo , Fu Keng-Yen , Dai Niann-Tzyy
Published: February 2019

Background

A tissue-engineered skin substitute, based on gelatin (“G”), collagen (“C”), and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL; “P”), was developed.

Method

G/C/P biocomposites were fabricated by impregnation of lyophilized gelatin/collagen (GC) mats with PCL solutions, followed by solvent evaporation. Two different GC:PCL ratios (1:8 and 1:20) were used.

Results

Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that all G/C/P biocomposites had characteristic melting point of PCL at around 60 °C. Scanning electron microscopy showed that all biocomposites had similar fibrous structures. Good cytocompatibility was present in all G/C/P biocomposites when incubated with primary human epidermal keratinocytes (PHEK), human dermal fibroblasts (PHDF) and human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs)in vitro. All G/C/P biocomposites exhibited similar cell growth and mechanical characteristics in comparison with C/P biocomposites. G/C/P biocomposites with a lower collagen content showed better cell proliferation than those with a higher collagen contentin vitro. Due to reasonable mechanical strength and biocompatibilityin vitro, G/C/P with a lower content of collagen and a higher content of PCL (GCLPH) was selected for animal wound healing studies. According to our data, a significant promotion in wound healing and skin regeneration could be observed in GCLPHseeded with adipose-derived stem cells by Gomori’s trichrome staining.

Conclusion

This study may provide an effective and low-cost wound dressings to assist skin regeneration for clinical use.
Food for thought: Exploring associations between knowledge of the Healthy Living Pyramid, the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating and food group intake among Western Australian adolescents
Authors: Farringdon Fiona , Farringdon Samuel , Chivers Paola
Published: February 2019

Issue addressed

Evidence indicates adolescents do not comply with the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating (AGHE)‐recommended daily serves (RDS). Little research has identified their level of knowledge regarding the guidelines and associations with food intake.

Methods

Survey methodology was used to measure knowledge of the Healthy Living Pyramid (HLP) and the AGHE‐RDS. Food group intake was measured using a modified food frequency questionnaire. A generalised linear model (GLM) investigated the associations between the HLP, RDS knowledge and daily equivalent frequencies (DEFs) for each food group.

Results

The study comprised 190 students aged 14‐15 years. The majority reported accurate knowledge of the HLP. Only fruit and vegetable RDS was correctly identified. Participants did not meet DEFs for any food group. For both DEF grains (P = 0.004) and vegetables (P = 0.023) participants with correct knowledge reported a DEF closer to the RDS. For DEF‐baked goods and snacks (P = 0.012), participants reporting correct knowledge also reported DEF closer to the RDS. No associations were identified for the other food groups.

So what?

Knowledge of the HLP was more accurate than the AGHE‐RDS. Knowledge of fruit and vegetable RDS was better than the other food groups. The positive associations between knowledge and compliance with the RDS suggest knowledge can influence food choice. However, the lack of associations between knowledge and consumption for most food groups suggests clear “do” messages, similar to Go for 2&5, about the RDS for all food groups should be developed for adolescents.
Witnessing and Experiencing Miraculous Healings and Attitudes toward Physician-Assisted Suicide
Authors: Sharp Shane
Published: February 2019

Drawing on insights from cognitive psychology, I argue that the religious experiences of witnessing and/or experiencing a miraculous physical healing event will be negatively associated with attitudes towards physician-assisted suicide. I evaluate this argument using data from the 2007 wave of the Baylor Religion Survey (N = 1598). I find that those who have witnessed and/or experienced a miraculous physical healing have more negative attitudes toward physician-assisted suicide than those who have not witnessed and/or experienced such an event, even when controlling for religiosity, sociodemographic, and personality factors. These results show that researchers should consider if and how religious experiences influence people's attitudes.
Editorial
Authors: Barrett Steve
Published: February 2019

Renewably produced hydrogen is at the heart of the ‘green’ credentials of fuel cells and hydrogen energy technologies, so it is heartening to see growing interest in its development.
Dietary modulation of energy homoeostasis and metabolic-inflammation
Authors: Roche Helen M
Published: February 2019

Dietary intake and nutritional status is an important environmental factor which can modulate metabolic-inflammation. In recent years, research has made significant advances in terms of understanding the impact of dietary components on metabolic-inflammation, within the context of obesity, type-2 diabetes (T2D) and CVD risk. Our work demonstrated that different fatty acids differentially modulate metabolic-inflammation, initially focusing on Nod-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing three protein (NLRP3) inflammasome mediated IL-1β biology and insulin signalling. However, the paradigm is more complex, wherein data from the immunology field clearly show that nature of cellular energy metabolism is a key determinant of inflammation. Whilst metabolic-inflammation is a critical biological interaction, there is a paucity of data in relation to the nature and the extent to which nutritional status affects metabolic-inflammation. The complex paradigm will be discussed within the context of if/how dietary components, in particular fatty acids, may modulate obesity, T2D and CVD risk, via inflammatory and metabolic processes.
Dense matching for wide baseline images based on equal proportion of triangulation
Authors: Jia Di , Wu Si , Zhao Mingyuan
Published: February 2019

The dense matching of pairs is the basis of advanced image processing applications, such as 3D reconstruction and simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAM). However, it is difficult to obtain efficient dense matching results in wide baseline image pairs due to various conditions. For this reason, the authors propose a dense matching method for wide baseline images based on an equal proportion of triangulation. Firstly, this Letter proves the mathematical property of equal proportion of triangulation affine transformation, and then builds a triangulation based on the set of sparse matching points. By using this property, the positions of equal proportion points in the corresponding triangulation of the two images to be matched are calculated, respectively. Secondly, to eliminate the points and obtain the inner point set, these proportional points are used to check the similarity of the matching triangle regions. Finally, the inner point set is used to calculate the positions of the dense matching points as the final dense matching result. The experimental results verified the validity and accuracy of the proposed method and this method is suitable for tilt photography, multispectral and multidate remote sensing image dense registration, and more.
Portable visible light communication transmitter and receiver using core‐shell CdSe/ZnS quantum dots white light‐emitting diode
Authors: Li Ziwen , Xue Dingke , Liu Dayong , Liu Yang , Ye Weilin , Zhang Yu , Wang Yiding , Zheng Chuantao
Published: February 2019

A portable visible light communication (VLC) system using core‐shell CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) as light converter was presented. The absorption peak wavelength of the fabricated QDs locates at 540 nm, and the emission peak wavelength locates at 570 nm. Owning to a short fluorescent life of QDs, a wide modulation bandwidth as well as a fast data transmission rate can be achieved. A portable transmitter and receiver based on digital signal processors (DSPs) were developed and the related communication experiments were carried out. Under an optimum direct bias voltage of 2.70 V, the achieved maximum communication distance is ∼ 1.3 m, and the maximum transmission rate is 267 Kb/s under the premise that the bit error ratio (BER) is <10−3 due to a slow turnover speed of the DSP input/output pin. At a 133 Kb/s data transmission rate, high stability was observed through measuring the BER results over 5 h at the two communication distances of 0.5 and 0.7 m.
Decision‐fusion‐based reliable CSS scheme in CR networks
Authors: Mustafa Rashid , Jaglan Reena Rathee , Agrawal Sunil
Published: February 2019

Cognitive radio (CR) is a rapidly growing technology that can be employed to effectively utilise the radio spectrum. The detection accuracy of the CR user is compromised when a network is under degrading conditions like fading and shadowing effects. Cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) has been extensively employed to overcome these issues. In CSS, all secondary users communicate with the fusion centre (FC) to share the PU information. Hard fusion schemes are applied to make a correct decision about PU presence at FC; however, such approaches lack reliable decision‐making. Hence, there is a need to construct more accurate and reliable fusion schemes. In this study, a neural network (NN)‐based decision fusion scheme at FC is used to construct a reliable decision. In the proposed scheme, NN is used as a machine learning tool that is trained using input data and output data to generate the desired fusion model. It has been evaluated through simulation results that the proposed fusion scheme sensing accuracy is much better as compared to conventional fusion schemes and other state‐of‐the‐art schemes proposed in the literature. Further, the proposed fusion scheme is tested using the clustering approach to make it more reliable and accurate.
Iterative smoothing filtering schemes by using clipping noise‐assisted signals for PAPR reduction in OFDM‐based carrier aggregation systems
Authors: Lin Shu‐Ping , Chen Yung‐Fang , Tseng Shu‐Ming
Published: February 2019

Aggregating a lot of subcarriers will generate high peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) which makes the overall system performance degradation. Among the existing PAPR reduction methods for orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (OFDM)‐based systems, iterative clipping and filtering (ICF) may be easy to implement, but ICF may cause signal distortion, so that the system cannot approximate the processed signals to the original signals which degrades error rates at receivers. Here, the authors proposed a new method based on ICF with smoothed clipping signals, and find the optimised filter to achieve the minimum error vector magnitude and efficiently reduce PAPR. Owing to the lack of a wide range of continuous bandwidth, the Third Generation Partnership Project proposed carrier aggregation (CA) technology in LTE‐advanced systems. CA can aggregate many contiguous or non‐contiguous fragment spectrums for supporting larger bandwidth and higher peak data rate. Here, the authors also evaluate the developed PAPR reduction scheme for the use in CA scenarios. The efficacy of the proposed scheme is demonstrated in the simulation results.
Memory aware physically enhanced polynomial model for PAs
Authors: Soleiman Elias , Germain Pham Dang‐Kièn , Jabbour Chadi , Desgreys Patricia , Kamarei Mahmoud
Published: February 2019

In this study, a new behavioural model named memory aware physically enhanced polynomial model is proposed. This modelling approach is based on using a physical analysis of the power amplifier (PA) operation and takes into account the electro‐thermal and electrical memory effects as main sources of long‐term memory. The physical analysis‐based approach allows to select the most relevant coefficients for the model and discards the less significant ones in order to minimise the complexity. In this study, the proposed methodology is demonstrated on a single‐stage class‐AB PA. Nevertheless, it is applicable for multi‐stage PAs. The model accuracy and complexity are evaluated using measurement results from two commercial PAs. Compared to the conventional memory polynomial (MP) model, for, respectively, 20 and 80 MHz long‐term evolution signals, the proposed model shows 3 and 5 dB improvement in the normalised mean square error with fewer coefficients 18 instead of 20 for a memory depth of 3. Also, with same accuracy the proposed model has considerably fewer coefficients compared with the PLUME and generalised MP (GMP) models. Applying digital predistortion (DPD), the proposed model outperforms the MP model in terms of performance and the PLUME and GMP models in terms of complexity.
Electromagnetic characterisation of multi‐wall carbon nanotube–doped fluorine tin oxide for transparent antenna applications
Authors: Sadat Saeid , Shokooh‐Saremi Mehrdad , Mirsalehi Mir Mojtaba , Bagheri‐Mohagheghi Mohammad‐Mehdi
Published: February 2019

Here, the authors present an improved transparent conducting thin film by adding multi‐wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) to fluorine tin oxide (FTO). The use of carbon nanotubes considerably increases the surface conductivity of the FTO thin film. The resulting composition is deposited on a Pyrex substrate by the spray pyrolysis technique. Measurement results show high optical transmittance (about 77%) in the visible region and low electrical surface resistance (as low as 5 Ω/). The electromagnetic characteristics of the resulting layer are obtained over 0.1–20 GHz using the open‐ended coaxial probe (OECP) method. The conductivity (σ) is in the order of and relative permittivity is in the order of at low frequencies and in the order of at high frequencies, which is suitable for transparent antenna applications. To verify the measurements, the layer is numerically simulated using the obtained experimental data. The simulation results were found to be in good agreement with the experimental ones.
Overview of strong interaction from kaonic atoms
Authors: Friedman E.
Published: February 2019

Experiments on kaonic atoms between 1972 and 1982 at four world-class laboratories established a data base comprising of 24 species along the periodic table. Here we present a short overview of methods for obtaining strong interaction information from these results. Early straight-forward phenomenological analyses and also more sophisticated approaches led to ambiguities and open problems. Using state-of-the-art K̄-nucleon amplitudes plus a phenomelogical multinucleon term can fit the data only when sub-threshold energies are considered. Remaining ambiguities are removed with the help of old bubble-chamber experiments on single-nucleon absorption fraction at threshold.
Machine Learning Approach Application for High-voltage Instrument Transformers Technical State Assessment
Authors: Khalyasmaa Alexandra , Stepanova Alina , Shatunova Daria , Manusov Vadim
Published: February 2019

This paper describes the possibilities of machine learning application in the tasks of technical state assessment of high-voltage instrument transformers. An analytical review of modern systems for technical state assessment of high-voltage equipment is presented, their advantages and disadvantages are described. A mathematical model of an automated system for assessing the high-voltage instrument current and voltage transformers based on gradient boosting over decision trees has been developed. The efficiency of the developed solution is proved using the example of analysis of a real distribution zone, which allows identifying the state of instrument transformers with an accuracy of 84%.