bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern trends in psychological research of work and employees in a dynamic professional and organizational environment
Authors: Barabanshchikova Valentina V. , Kuznetsova Alla S.
Published: April 2023

Background. [e introductory article of the thematic issue examines main prospects for changes in the world of professions, as well as the main trends in a working person’s development. Objective. It is shown that the speci\city of modern work is associated with the deployment of innovation processes, and the emergence of new “employee-organization” relationship. Results.[e “employee-organization” convergence of interests leads to the increase in work autonomy, and determines changes in “psychological contracts” — the role of responsibility and mutual support is enhancing. [e article identi\es the key factors that increase the importance of self-regulation processes, contributing to work performance and professional success in dynamic organizational environment. Rapid digitalization processes are indicated as one of the main trends in modern work, providing apparent advantage during the forced transition of various work spheres into the information space. Developed self-regulation leads to successful adaptation under tensed work conditions. Conclusion. It is emphasized that new challenges are bound to bring adjustments to the goals and methods of work psychology, though without changing its role and purpose, which consists in studying the processes of development and functioning of a modern person in a professional environment. Finally, the results of studies, presented in the thematic issue, are summarized as four clusters of acute research issues in work domain.
Meaningfulness of life and professional experience as predictors of professional self-determination of future teachers
Authors: Belyakova Evgenia G. , Bykov Sergej A.
Published: April 2023

Background. In the context of modern multi-level higher education, identifying predictors for professional self-determination of future teachers seems to be signi[cant to provide e\ectiveness of this process. ]e knowledge of the composition of predictors to professional self-determination is relevant while organizing educational support as well as professional and personal development of students of Masters’ Programs in Education. Objective. ]e study aims to identify the nature of the relationship between the indicators of meaningfulness of life and the development of professional identity among future teachers, depending on their teaching experience. Sample. 73 students of Masters Program in Education at the Tyumen State University took part in the pilot study. ]e participants di\ered in their experience of previous education and teaching practice. Methods. An empirical study was carried out with the “Questionnaire of professional identity” by A.A. Ozerina, the modi[ed questionnaire “Professional Identity” by U.S. Rodygina, “]e Test of Meaningful Life Orientations (MLO)” by D.A. Leontiev. To collect additional information about the respondents, a questionnaire including questions on the availability of professional education as well as work experience in the profession was proposed. Results. Positive correlations were found between the MLO indicators and the formation of professional identity, characteristics of professional plans, acceptance of the profession, professional position, positive emotions and an active attitude towards the profession. Negative correlations of the MLO indicators with negative emotions associated with the dissatisfaction of human needs in the teaching profession and with the passive attitude to the profession. Regression models are built for the formation and maturation of professional identity. It has been established that the formation of professional identity is determined by the presence of conscious aspirations and a non-passive attitude towards the chosen [eld of activity. While the maturity of professional identity is determined by the ability to manage one’s own life. It is shown that the level and structure of professional identity depend on the teaching experience. Higher indicators on the scales of professional identity, the certainty of professional plans, the internal image of the profession, the clarity and awareness of the image of a professional and the activity of a professional position were revealed in the group of future teachers who had professional experience. Conclusion. ]e study indicates the links between indicators of life meaningfulness, professional experience and the degree of professional identity formation in future teachers. Practical application of the results. ]e results of the study can be used in organizing the support of professional self-determination for future teachers in the process of university training.
Adaptability as a predictor to the change of functional states in participants of a marine scienti;c expedition to the Arctic
Authors: Simonova Natalya N. , Tunkina Maria A. , Korneeva Yana A. , Trofimova Anna A.
Published: April 2023

Background. ^e problem of human adaptation to extreme conditions of the Arctic remains relevant. People have di_erent adaptive potential to ensure the success of their activities and state adequate to loads at the psycho-emotional and physiological levels. Comprehensive research into determination of adaptability and parameters of adaptation to the conditions of the Arctic in workers may be a solution. Interrelationships between functional states and di_erent socio-psychological and personal qualities of participants revealed in our study also conGrm this relevance. Objective. ^e study aims identify and describe the dynamics of functional states in participants of the marine scientiGc expedition during the Arctic trip in conjunction with the personal characteristics of adaptability (internality, conscious self-regulation, socio-psychological qualities). Methods. ^e researchers applied objective psychophysiological instrumental methods, projective method M. Luscher’s colour test, subjective questionnaire “Well-being. Activity. Mood” by V.A. Doskin et al. Сharacteristics of adaptability (internality, conscious self-regulation, socio-psychological qualities) were assessed with questionnaires. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out with correlation analysis. Sample. 39 participants of a 20-day sea expedition to the Arctic. Results. Characteristics of the personal and socio-psychological potential of participants are presented; the dynamics of participants’ functional state during the expedition trip are described; statistically signiGcant relationships have been established between socio-psychological characteristics, individual-personal qualities (regulatory and internality) and objective, projective, and subjective-evaluative parameters of functional states. Conclusion. Adaptive characteristics include developed general internal control, in particular, moderate control (internality) in the Geld of achievements and in the Geld of failures, as well as conscious self-regulation of behavior. ^e dynamics of objective indicators of functional states is positively correlated with the level of subjective control in the Geld of failures, and changes in indicators of projective and subjective methods are associated with characteristics of socio-psychological adaptation, the level of subjective control and conscious self-regulation.
A new genus of Empoascini (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae) from Papua New Guinea
Authors: XU YE , ZHANG PENG-WEN , DIETRICH CHRISTOPHER H. , QIN DAO-ZHENG
Published: April 2023

Ivmaka longicaudatus gen. et sp. nov. is described based on specimens from Papua New Guinea. Habitus photos and illustrations of the male genitalia of this new species are given and differences between the new genus with closely related genera are discussed.
Global Horizontal Irradiance in West Africa: Evaluation of the WRF-Solar Model in Convection-Permitting Mode with Ground Measurements
Authors: Sawadogo Windmanagda , Bliefernicht Jan , Fersch Benjamin , Salack Seyni , Guug Samuel , Ogunjobi Kehinde O. , Meilinger Stefanie , Kunstmann Harald
Published: April 2023

The number of solar power plants has increased in West Africa in recent years. Reliable reanalysis data and short-term forecasting of solar irradiance from numerical weather prediction models could provide an economic advantage for the planning and operation of solar power plants, especially in data-poor regions such as West Africa. This study presents a detailed assessment of different shortwave (SW) radiation schemes from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model option Solar (WRF-Solar), with appropriate configurations for different atmospheric conditions in Ghana and the southern part of Burkina Faso. We applied two 1-way nested domains (D1 = 15 km and D2 = 3 km) to investigate four different SW schemes, namely, the Community Atmosphere Model, Dudhia, RRTMG, Goddard, and RRTMG without aerosol and with aerosol inputs (RRTMG_AERO). The simulation results were validated using hourly measurements from different automatic weather stations established in the study region in recent years. The results show that the RRTMG_AERO_D01 generally outperforms the other SW radiation schemes to simulate global horizontal irradiance under all-sky condition [RMSE = 235 W m−2 (19%); MAE = 172 W m−2 (14%)] and also under cloudy skies. Moreover, RRTMG_AERO_D01 shows the best performance on a seasonal scale. Both the RRTMG_AERO and Dudhia experiments indicate a good performance under clear skies. However, the sensitivity study of different SW radiation schemes in the WRF-Solar model suggests that RRTMG_AERO gives better results. Therefore, it is recommended that it be used for solar irradiance forecasts over Ghana and the southern part of Burkina Faso.
Projected Strengthening Impact of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation on the Southern Hemisphere by CMIP5/6 Models
Authors: Rao Jian , Garfinkel Chaim I. , Ren Rongcai , Wu Tongwen , Lu Yixiong , Chu Min
Published: April 2023

Using 20 quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO)-resolving models from phases 5/6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5/6), this study examines the projected Southern Hemisphere (SH) extratropical response to the QBO. Nine of the 22 models simulate decelerated circumpolar westerlies during easterly QBO (EQBO) in the historical climate as is observed, though only ∼30% of the observed change is reproduced in the multimodel ensemble mean (MME) of these high-skill models. These high-skill models project an enhanced stratospheric QBO teleconnection for both emissions scenarios. Further, the stratospheric wind anomaly in high latitudes is projected to move to midlatitudes in future scenarios. The climatological subtropical jet is projected to strengthen, while tropical easterlies are projected to weaken. As a consequence, upward wave activity in the future appears to become more sensitive to the QBO phase. Enhanced upward propagation of waves in mid- to high latitudes during EQBO are much stronger in future scenarios than in historical simulations. The anomalous downwelling over the Antarctic, as part of the Brewer–Dobson deep branch response to EQBO, is also projected to strengthen, corresponding to increased warm anomalies. In future scenarios, the areal extent of the deep convective response to EQBO over the Maritime Continent widens and includes a sharper reduction in outgoing longwave radiation, albeit with southward expansion from Indonesia to Australia. The enhancement and spatial shift in the stratospheric polar vortex pathway and tropical convection pathway subsequently lead to changes in the tropospheric QBO signal. An annular mode–like response forms in the troposphere and near-surface in the present climate, whereas this pattern shifts farther equatorward in future projections with circulation anomalies in the tropical Indian Ocean amplifying.

Significance Statement

The influence of the equatorial stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) has been reported to intensify in the Northern Hemisphere under climate change, even as the QBO wind magnitude weakens. It is still unknown whether the influence of the QBO on the Southern Hemisphere intensifies or weakens in a warm climate. Using simulations from multiple models, this study finds that the influence of the QBO on the Southern Hemisphere is projected to strengthen in most models even as the QBO weakens. Two QBO pathways are explored, including the stratospheric polar vortex route and the tropical convection pathway, both of which are projected to amplify in both the moderate- and high-emissions scenarios. In addition to the amplification of the QBO signals in the Southern Hemisphere extratropics, an equatorward shift of the maximum anomalies is also projected. That is, the maximum easterly anomalies in the Antarctic stratosphere during easterly QBO and the annular mode–like pattern in the troposphere or the near-surface shifts farther equatorward.
Nowcasting Multiparameter Phased-Array Weather Radar (MP-PAWR) Echoes of Localized Heavy Precipitation Using a 3D Recurrent Neural Network Trained with an Adversarial Technique
Authors: Baron Philippe , Kawashima Kohei , Kim Dong-Kyun , Hanado Hiroshi , Kawamura Seiji , Maesaka Takeshi , Nakagawa Katsuhiro , Satoh Shinsuke , Ushio Tomoo
Published: April 2023

We present nowcasts of sudden heavy rains on meso-γ scales (2–20 km) using the high spatiotemporal resolution of a multiparameter phased-array weather radar (MP-PAWR) sensitive to rain droplets. The onset of typical storms is successfully predicted with 10-min lead time, i.e., the current predictability limit of rainfall caused by individual convective cores. A supervised recurrent neural network based on long short-term memory with 3D spatial convolutions (RN3D) is used to account for the horizontal and vertical changes of the convective cells with a time resolution of 30 s. The model uses radar reflectivity at horizontal polarization ZH and the differential reflectivity. The input parameters are defined in a volume of 64 × 64 × 8 km3 with the lowest level at 1.9 km and a resolution of 0.4 × 0.4 × 0.25 km3. The prediction is a 10-min sequence of ZH at the lowest grid level. The model is trained with a large number of observations of summer 2020 and an adversarial technique. RN3D is tested with different types of rapidly evolving localized heavy rainfalls of summers 2018 and 2019. The model performance is compared to that of an advection model for 3D extrapolation of PAWR echoes (A3DM). RN3D better predicts the formation and dissipation of precipitation. However, RN3D tends to underestimate heavy rainfall especially when the storm is well developed. In this phase of the storm, A3DM nowcast scores are found slightly higher. The high skill of RN3D to predict the onset of sudden localized rainfall is illustrated with an example for which RN3D outperforms the operational precipitation nowcasting system of Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA).

Significance Statement

Temporal extrapolation of radar observations is a means of nowcasting sudden heavy rains, i.e., forecasts with a few tens of minutes and a high spatial resolution better than 500 m. They are necessary to set up warning systems to anticipate damage to infrastructure and reduce the fatalities these storms cause. It is a difficult task due to the storm suddenness, restricted area, and nonlinear behavior that are not well captured by current operational observation and numerical systems. In this study, we use a new high-resolution weather radar with polarimetric information and a 3D recurrent neural network to improve 10-min nowcasts, the current limit of operational systems. This is a first and essential step before applying such a method for increasing the prediction lead time.
A Single-Column Method to Identify Sea and Land Breezes in Mesoscale-Resolving NWP Models
Authors: Hallgren Christoffer , Körnich Heiner , Ivanell Stefan , Sahlée Erik
Published: April 2023

One of the most prominent mesoscale phenomena in the coastal zone is the sea-breeze/land-breeze circulation. The pattern and its implications for the weather in coastal areas are well described, and with mesoscale-resolving operational NWP models the circulation can be captured. In this study, a straightforward method to identify sea and land breezes based on the change in wind direction in the column above a grid point on the coastline is presented. The method was tested for southern Sweden using archived output from the HARMONIE-AROME model with promising results, describing both the seasonal and diurnal cycles well. In areas with a complex coastline, such as narrow straits, the concept of the land–sea breeze becomes less clear, and several ways to address this problem for the suggested method are discussed. With an operational index of the sea and land breezes, the forecaster can better understand and express the weather situation and add value for people in the coastal zone. Further, the indices can be used to study systematic biases in the model and to create climatologies of the sea and land breezes.

Significance Statement

A wind pattern that is frequently occurring in the coastal zone is the sea-breeze/land-breeze circulation, and the purpose of this study is to test a new method to automatically identify sea breezes and land breezes in weather forecasts. Knowing if a sea breeze or a land breeze is occurring is helpful for the operational weather forecaster in understanding the weather situation. It can also be used to study systematic model behavior, for example, errors in the forecast temperature during sea-breeze conditions. The method has been tested for seven coastal sites in Sweden and shows promising results both in case studies and multiyear statistics.
Indigenous suicide rates in the United States, Australia and New Zealand between 2006 and 2019
Authors: Nguyen Teresa , Ullah Shahid , Looi Jeffrey CL , Allison Stephen , Mulder Roger , Bastiampillai Tarun
Published: April 2023

Objective:

Indigenous suicide prevention is an important focus for national health policies. Indigenous suicide rates in formerly colonial English-speaking countries such as the United States, Australia and New Zealand are considerably higher than the general population, particularly in young males. Given the similarities in their sociocultural history, a time series analysis was conducted to assess recent sex and age trends of suicide in the Indigenous and general populations in the United States, Australia and New Zealand.

Methods:

Using the number of deaths by intentional self-harm and estimated resident population, suicide incidence rates were calculated for the years 2006–2019 and stratified by Indigenous status, year, time period, sex and age group (above 15 years). Incidence rates were plotted. Using the Poisson regression model, calculated suicide incidence rate ratios were used to make comparisons for sex and age.

Results:

Across all countries studied, Indigenous suicide rates have increased over time, with Indigenous males having higher suicide rates than Indigenous females. However, the increase in Indigenous female suicides was greater than that for Indigenous males in Australia and New Zealand. Indigenous males aged 15–44 years have the highest suicide rates across all countries.

Conclusion:

Indigenous suicide rates have remained consistently high in the United States, Australia and New Zealand, with Indigenous males aged 15–44 years showing the highest rate. However, suicide rates for Indigenous females in Australia and New Zealand are increasing more rapidly than males. Given this, it is critical that further research is dedicated to understanding and addressing the issues driving this problem, particularly in youth.
Modeling Misspecification as a Parameter in Bayesian Structural Equation Models
Authors: Uanhoro James Ohisei
Published: April 2023

Accounting for model misspecification in Bayesian structural equation models is an active area of research. We present a uniquely Bayesian approach to misspecification that models the degree of misspecification as a parameter—a parameter akin to the correlation root mean squared residual. The misspecification parameter can be interpreted on its own terms as a measure of absolute model fit and allows for comparing different models fit to the same data. By estimating the degree of misspecification simultaneously with structural parameters, the uncertainty about structural parameters reflects the degree of model misspecification. This results in a model that produces more reliable inference than extant Bayesian structural equation modeling. In addition, the approach estimates the residual covariance matrix that can be the basis for diagnosing misspecifications and updating a hypothesized model. These features are confirmed using simulation studies. Demonstrations with a variety of real-world examples show additional properties of the approach.
Long-term mental health care in Portugal: A portrait of the first years of activity
Authors: Santos Martins Filipa , Feldens Tallys , Guerra Cátia , Santos João Vasco
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

In Portugal, a reform to implement Long-term mental health care (LTMHC) started in 2017 allowing patients with severe mental illness receiving psychosocial rehabilitation to regain their autonomy and be reintegrated into their communities.

Aim:

To describe the first steps of the Portuguese LTMHC implementation and to assess the relationship between the LTMHC’s demand (referrals) and supply (vacancies and occupancy).

Methods:

We conducted a national retrospective observational study to analyse the LTMHC referrals, vacancies and occupancy between mid-2017 (LTMHC establishment) and December 2022. We described and analysed the associated indicators through time and geography, as well as performed a simultaneous regression model to evaluate the relationship between supply and demand.

Results:

There were 1,192 referrals to the LTMHC, of which 99 (8.3%) were made for childhood and adolescence structures. The maximum support residence (RAMa, ‘Residência de apoio máximo’), designed for patients with higher disabilities, had the highest number of referrals. Additionally, since the opening of vacancies in different institutions, residential structures became quickly saturated. On the other hand, domiciliary services were those with the lowest occupancy. Our estimates support that the vacancies (supply) are induced by the referrals (demand), and referrals are also related to the location of LTMHC facilities.

Conclusion:

LTMHC is still in the initial stage of development in Portugal, and it is expected to receive financial support through the Recovery and Resilience Programme. According to the occupancy rates and referrals made, residential structures seem to be a priority, being also important to explore the partial use of domiciliary services. The geographical distribution of vacancies can also be a concern, considering the important proximity to the community in LTMHC.
Impact of MW-CNT/polymer composites matrix type on the electrical and gas-sensitive properties
Authors: Huseynov Asgar , Israfilov Aydin , Mammadova Samira , Zeynalov Eldar
Published: April 2023

In this paper, polyurethane/MW-CNT, silicone/MW-CNT, and epoxy/MW-CNT nanocomposites were prepared, and their electrical and gas-sensitive properties were investigated. The aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition method was used to synthesize MW-CNTs from acetonitrile as a carbon source. These nanocomposites were prepared by an irreversible dispersion method that was developed by our group. SEM analysis results proved that smooth-surfaced, less defective MW-CNTs with 30–60 nm diameter and 60-50 μm length were synthesized successfully. The electrical conductivity of the prepared nanocomposites reveals the correspondence between the degree of uniformity of distribution of MW-CNTs inside polymers and the electrical conductivity of nanocomposites. The electrical conductivity graphs for Epoxy/x MW-CNTs and PU/x MW-CNTs nanocomposites have the same shape, and there is a sharp increase in electrical conductivity from 4% of MW-CNTs, but the values are different: Epoxy/x MW-CNTs (x = 8%) (1000 S/m) and PU/x MW-CNTs (x = 8%) (24.39 S/m). The electrical conductivity graph of silicone/x MW-CNT has a different shape, and percolation began at 2% of MW-CNT and increased sharply till 4%, then there was observed saturation. These results proved that the nanocomposite’s electrical conductivity properties depend on the polymer matrix nature. Simultaneously, the gas-sensitive properties of these nanocomposites were discovered. Thus, it was determined that the highest resistance change was observed for PVAc/x MW-CNT (x = 4%) nanocomposite under CO gas. Except for PVAl/x-MW-CNT (x = 4%), other nanocomposites show a gas-sensitive effect depending on gas types. Moreover, the resistance of all nanocomposites decreases with increasing temperature (from 20 to 120°C) and their behavior as semiconductors. However, the shapes of the graphs of the resistance depending on temperature are different depending on the nanocomposites, and their values are also different, some of them in the Om, KOm, and MOm ranges.
‘Nazi Agent’ and Development Pioneer: Johann Albrecht von Monroy, National Socialist Europe and Unknown Origins of FAO's Forest Related Development Activities
Authors: Bemmann Martin
Published: April 2023

By exploring the career of the German forester Johann Albrecht v. Monroy from the 1920s to the 1950s, this article seeks to further differentiate and expand the historiography on development. It reveals that experts like Monroy who were deeply involved in the National Socialist quest for hegemony in Europe took an active part in shaping the Food and Agriculture Organization's (FAO) forest-related development activities after the Second World War. The article provides two explanations why Monroy became a lauded development pioneer: Firstly, he was a widely acknowledged and well-connected member of a transatlantic expert community that he had helped to shape in the 1920s and 1930s. Secondly, he enormously benefitted from German expansionist policies. In the 1930s, Monroy became a senior official responsible for turning forestry and wood processing industries into a central branch of Germany's war economy. During the war, he was in charge to establish the most modern wood processing plant in Slovakia. Monroy based this project on a specific approach to development that he had elaborated since the mid-1930s and that adapted schemes shaped for colonial contexts to the very special international environment of German-controlled Europe. That Monroy could realize this project in Slovakia turned him into an expert wanted by the FAO due to an almost unrivalled experience.
The Corporation, Democracy, and the Idea of the Bicameral Firm
Authors: Malleson Tom
Published: April 2023

This article introduces this special issue on the bicameral firm. It lays the groundwork by providing a brief overview of the democratic firm in its historical and political context. The article describes the main problems that large undemocratic corporations pose for society; it contrasts the main ways in which theorists and social movements have sought to democratize the firm—from voice-centric models (such as codetermination) to ownership-centric models (such as Employee Stock Ownership Plans and worker cooperatives); and it outlines the historical ebbs and flows of political movements for enhanced workplace democracy. It is within this context that it is fruitful to consider Isabelle Ferreras's powerful proposal for a bicameral firm. The article concludes by considering the real-world prospects for economic bicameralism and highlights a number of questions that Ferreras's proposal motivates us to consider—questions that are urgent and vital for anyone who cares about the future of democracy.
The Relationship Between Cumulative Ecological Risk and Problematic Smartphone Use Among Chinese College Students: Based on Latent Profile Analysis
Authors: Guan Jinliang , Guan Jinliang , Ma Wangyan , Liu Chengzhen
Published: April 2023

The aim of the current study is to explore the number of classes of cumulative ecological risk with latent profile analysis. Furthermore, the relationships between the classes of cumulative ecological risk and problematic smartphone use (PSU) among 2050 Chinese college students were researched. The results showed that there are four latent classes of cumulative ecological risk among college students, namely, low risk — medium peer relationship risk group, medium risk — high belonging risk group, high identity risk — very high friend conflict risk group and high risk group, accounting for 11.71%, 30.54%, 9.75% and 48.00%, respectively. The number of the high risk group is the largest with the highest family risk, school risk, peer risk and social risk. The students in the medium risk — high belonging risk group have a particularly high risk of belonging, which should be paid attention to. The students in the low risk — medium peer relationship risk group are with a low level of ecological risk. The high identity risk — very high friend conflict risk group have the fewest students, indicating that only a few students have high school identity risk and very high risk of friend conflict. In addition, cumulative ecological risk is significantly positively correlated with PSU, and the PSU level of the high risk group is significantly higher than that of other groups. These findings indicate that there is considerable heterogeneity in cumulative ecological risk, and there is different correlation between cumulative ecological risk and PSU among college students. The current study not only enriches the biological ecological model, showing that the combined action of multiple ecological risks has a greater impact on PSU, but also provides a basis for classified intervention of college students of different classes.
Academic Success in English Medium Courses: Exploring Student Challenges, Opinions, Language Proficiency and L2 Use
Authors: Kamaşak Rifat , Sahan Kari
Published: April 2023

The growth of English medium instruction (EMI) programs at universities worldwide has raised questions about the implications of teaching through L2 English on students’ content learning outcomes. This study examined the impact of four factors on students’ academic success (e.g. content learning) in the Turkish EMI context: (1) students’ language-related challenges; (2) students’ opinions about the effectiveness of EMI; (3) students’ perceived language proficiency levels; and (4) the amount of L2 English used in EMI classes. Students’ perceived academic performance was taken as a proxy of EMI success. The study employed a quantitative empirical design using questionnaires and regression analysis. Data were collected via an online questionnaire from 498 students at an EMI university in Turkey. The results revealed that students’ language-related challenges and perceived language proficiency were the only predictors that were associated with academic success in their EMI courses at a statistically significant level. The amount of English used in the classroom was not found to predict success in EMI, suggesting that students may benefit from multilingual models of teaching. These findings underscore the importance of adequate language support for students on EMI programs, and implications are discussed with respect to EMI policy, program planning, and teacher pedagogy.
Scripting the nation: Crisis celebrity, national treasures and welfare imaginaries in the pandemic
Authors: Martin Jessica , Allen Kim
Published: April 2023

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, celebrities occupied a highly contested space within the popular and political imaginary. Whilst the mass suffering unleashed by the pandemic led some to herald the death of celebrity culture, many celebrities also took part in fundraising initiatives, public health campaigns and philanthropic ventures, with some taking on the status of ‘national treasure’. This article examines two such figures who gained particular luminosity as ‘Covid Heroes’ for their charitable and campaigning work during the pandemic: war veteran Sir Captain Tom Moore and footballer Marcus Rashford. Through a discourse analysis of UK national newspaper articles and television documentaries, we consider what ideological work these celebrities perform within times of heightened crisis. The article expands upon Chris Greer and Eugene McLaughlin’s theorisation of the ‘national treasure’ in a number of ways, considering how, in ushering forth particular ideas about the nation, these figures secure or contest contemporary welfare imaginaries. Identifying how Rashford and Moore play a crucial role in what Stuart Hall called ‘scripting a national story’ within the pandemic, the article highlights the significance of ‘crisis celebrity’ as a site of hegemonic struggle over national identity, welfare, deservingness and belonging.
Capital Punishment Trials of Youthful Offenders: The Impact of ACEs Mitigation
Authors: Fogel Sondra J. , Bjerregaard Beth , Cochran John K. , Smith M. Dwayne
Published: April 2023

In the 2005 Roper v. Simmons decision, the Supreme Court determined that capital punishment, the death penalty, was not appropriate for offenders under the age of 18. The Court accepted the argument that juveniles are less blameworthy than adult offenders due to differences in their cognitive abilities and the influence of factors outside of their control, such as household dysfunction or the existence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Recent empirical literature examining both brain development and the impact of ACEs on both brain maturity and offending behaviors demonstrates that brain maturation and psychosocial maturation continue into the mid-twenties. As a result, youthful offenders, those 18 to 24 of age, may possess many of the neuropsychological deficiencies attributed to juveniles and yet be sentenced to death. This research examines if juries of capital punishment trials recognize the impact of age and ACEs when determining their sentencing decision.
The Group Roots of Social Media Politics: Social Sorting Predicts Perceptions of and Engagement in Politics on Social Media
Authors: Lane Daniel S. , Moxley Cassandra M. , McLeod Cynthia
Published: April 2023

Research on political partisans suggests that social media offer ideal playing fields for the group game of politics. This study considers how political and social identities interact to influence political communication on social media. Using an original two-wave survey of Americans fielded during the 2020 election period, we analyzed how social media users’ levels of social sorting—the alignment between racial, religious, ideological, and political identities—related to perceptions of and engagement in politics on social media. Results suggest that those with higher (vs. lower) levels of social sorting were more likely to perceive their social media environments as dominated by political content and conflict, and populated with politically interested and like-minded people. Auto-regressive panel models suggested that social sorting and political use of social media may be reciprocally related. Findings indicate social sorting may be a key concept for unearthing the group roots of politics on social media.
To Pause With a Cliffhanger or a Temporary Closure? The Differential Impact of Serial Versus Episodic Narratives on Children’s Physical Activity Behaviors
Authors: Lu Amy Shirong , Green Melanie C. , Sousa Caio Victor , Hwang Jungyun , Lee I-Min , Thompson Debbe , Baranowski Tom
Published: April 2023

Research has supported the effectiveness of narratives for promoting health behavior, but different narrative presentation formats (serial vs. episodic) have seldom been compared. Suspense theories suggest that serial narratives, which do not provide a full resolution at the end of an episode, may create higher motivation for continued engagement with a story. Forty-four 8 to 12-year-old children were randomly assigned to watch an animation series designed for an existing active video game in which the plot was delivered either continuously across multiple episodes (serial) or in multiple yet relatively independent self-contained episodes (episodic). Controlling for social desirability, children who watched the serial narrative had significantly more moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and step counts while the episodic group’s gameplay duration decreased, especially during later visits. There was no difference in self-reported narrative immersion or physical activity intention. Serial narratives can result in more time spent in MVPA behaviors than episodic narratives.
How (Not) to Win a Medal: Military Professionalism, Gallantry Awards, and the Problem of Fraud
Authors: King Anthony , Bury Patrick
Published: April 2023

Gallantry medals are invested with deep significance not only by the armed forces but also by civilian society. In the last decade, there has been a debate in sociology about whether the medallic regime has become post-heroic or whether it has professionalized. This article contributes to these debates by focusing on the topic of fraudulent medals. Fake medals are very rare; there has been one proven case in the United Kingdom in the last 20 years. However, precisely because fake medals are the exception, their pathologies illustrate the processes by which medals are actually awarded with particular clarity. This analysis of the fake medal shows that gallantry awards have professionalized; in the UK medals have become more meritocratic, recognizing skill not status. The awarding process is also more objective. Yet, its very professionalism is ironically vulnerable to a specific type of fraud by skilful but cynical citation writers.
Anti-Corruption Policy and Whistle-Blowing Intentions: Quasi-Experimental Evidence From Meritocratic Civil Service Systems
Authors: Lee Don S. , Walter Annemarie S. , Park Soonae
Published: April 2023

How does an anti-corruption policy shape bureaucrats’ intentions to whistle-blow? Anti-corruption research suggests that civil servants with certain characteristics are more or less likely to blow the whistle, due to a discrepancy in perceptions of expected outcomes within the organizational hierarchy. We test this logic by examining how civil servants’ gender, age, and civil service rank shape changes in their whistle-blowing intentions, leveraging the recent implementation of an anti-corruption policy in South Korea. By analyzing original survey data on over 5,000 civil servants, matching pre- and post-implementation groups, we find that male, older, and high-ranking civil servants, respectively, are more willing to whistle-blow than female, younger, and low-ranking civil servants when the anti-corruption policy is implemented. The implication of this finding is that the greater power and prestige granted to the former groups within the organizational hierarchy may make them more willing to do so.
Adaptive super-twisting-based nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control of permanent magnet linear synchronous motor
Authors: Zhao Xi-mei , Gong Yun-wei , Jin Hong-yan , Xu Chi
Published: April 2023

In this study, to reduce the impact that permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) servo system on the sensitivity of external and internal interferences, an adaptive super-twisting-based nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control (AST-NFTSMC) scheme is put forward. First of all, the mathematical model of PMLSM contains uncertainties is set up, and the control law is established to make position signal converge to given state asymptotically. Second, by introducing the super-twisting algorithm, the chattering caused by nonlinear switching function in traditional method is weakened. However, in actual industrial situations, it is difficult to determine the boundary of lumped disturbance, which makes the switching gains in super-twisting algorithm cannot be accurately selected. Therefore, an adaptive law is introduced to adjust the switching gains online, so that the gains can be dynamically adjusted within a limited range during operation, so as to further weaken chattering. Finally, the practicability of AST-NFTSMC is proved in theory and verified by system experiments. The experimental results prove that AST-NFTSMC can significantly weaken chattering, and result in robust control performance.
The Effect of Incoming Board Interlocks With Public Firms on Private Firms’ Survival: Large-Scale Evidence From India
Authors: Benischke Mirko H. , Bhaskarabhatla Ajay , Singh Rajani
Published: April 2023

How private firms can overcome their unique governance challenges remains an important but understudied topic. Using novel data on more than 28,000 private firms in India from 1988 to 2017, we examine whether private firms can improve their survival prospects by having board interlocks with public firms and, specifically, interlocks whereby a public firm director subsequently joins the private firm's board. In our data, we found a U-shaped relationship between the number of incoming board interlocks and the probability of private firm exit. We also found that board interlocks formed by public firm directors of public firms audited by Big Four companies improve private firms’ survival more than other interlocks, consistent with the notion that such interlocks improve monitoring at private firms. Overall, our study points toward the importance of considering the role of incoming board interlocks when explaining private firm survival.
Impact of Multi-point Nursing Strategies Under a Clinical Problem-Solving Framework on Adverse Events Associated With Thyroid Nodule Resection
Authors: Zhu Jian , Zhao Yutao , Huang Li , Ju Junqiang
Published: April 2023

The impact of multi-point nursing strategies drawing on a problem-solving clinical framework to examine adverse events associated with thyroid nodule resection was investigated. Patients ( n = 98) who underwent thyroid nodule resection were divided into observation and control groups. Patients in the control group received conventional care, and patients in the observation group received a multi-point care strategy under a clinical problem-solving framework. The length of stay ( p < .001), hospitalization cost ( p < .001), nursing satisfaction scores ( p < .001) of the observation group were longer or higher and statistically significant. The incidence of complications in the observation group (8.16%) was lower than that in the control group (22.45%). The incidence of adverse events in the observation group (2.04%) was lower than that in the control group (14.29%), and statistically significant ( p < .05). The multi-point nursing strategy using a clinical problem-solving framework provided evidence that it shortened the length of stay, reduce hospitalization costs, improve psychological status, increase nursing satisfaction, and reduce complications and adverse events in patients undergoing thyroid nodule resection.
Understanding the relationship between WASH and malnutrition: Analysis of anthropometric data of children attending WASH-supported schools in Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Mogaji Hammed Oladeji , Adekunle Oladunni Nimota , Omitola Olaitan Olamide , Yaro Clement Ameh , Babalola Ayodele Samuel , Odoemene Simon Nnayere , Adeaga Dorcas Olufunke , Adubi Taiwo Oluwakemi , Ekpo Uwem Friday
Published: April 2023

Background

There has been a growing interest in better understanding the association between water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and malnutrition.

Aim

We analysed anthropometric data of children attending WASH intervention schools and those from non-intervention schools in Ogun State, Nigeria.

Methods

A total of 353 children across six schools (three interventions and three non-interventions) participated in this study. WASH conditions were assessed using WHO standardized tools and anthropometric data of children were analysed in WHO AnthroPlus and R Software.

Results

The prevalence of stunting was 26.2% in the intervention group, and 29.4% in the control group ( p = 0.045). Underweight was lower in the intervention group (3.9% vs. 10.1%) ( p = 0.45). However, wasting was higher in the intervention group (32.3% vs. 8.2%) ( p = 0.001). Of the variables included in our multivariate model (age, gender, and school category, i.e. intervention/control and class grade), only age was selected, and negatively associated with underweight, stunting and wasting ( p = 0.000).

Conclusion

Regardless of WASH programming status, nutritional outcomes were significantly influenced by age of the children. Children are more likely to have lower z-scores as they grow older.
Care full deliberation? Care work and Ireland's citizens’ assembly on gender equality
Authors: LOUGHNANE CLIONA , KELLEHER CAROL , EDWARDS CLAIRE
Published: April 2023

Ireland has become an international exemplar in the use of citizens’ assemblies to determine policy. Globally, deliberative fora seek to mitigate concerns of a democratic crisis, but they also may address the ‘care crisis’, where politics-as-normal seems unable, or unwilling, to address citizens’ care needs. Drawing on Tronto's (2013) call for a caring democracy in which citizens take their responsibilities to care with one another, this paper examines the potential for deliberative processes to deliberate ‘with’ as well as ‘about’ care and to expand current care work debates. Using Barnes’ (2012) ‘care full’ deliberation as an analytic framework, we document and interrogate the process and outcomes of Ireland's Citizens’ Assembly on Gender Equality (CAGE) (2020–21), particularly how it understood care work and responded to care workers’ needs. We then reflect on the potential for citizen deliberation to realise better caring outcomes for all citizens.
Class as Collective Representation: Lessons from Wagner and Bayreuth on the Discrete Harms of the Bourgeoisie
Authors: Smith Philip
Published: April 2023

The cultural turn has yet to fully reconfigure ‘class’ as a set of fictions, tropes, discourses and enduring culture-structures. Existing Durkheimian approaches have stalled at his middle period morphological reductionism. This paper constructs a more radical understanding in the late-Durkheimian idiom. It shows how class operates as a signifier in a language game of purity and pollution, virtue and vice. Taking a lead from studies of the ‘unruly’ working class, the paper opens up the more subtle pollution that attends to the mythical ‘bourgeoisie’ and its associated and imagined ‘bourgeois’ culture. As a sign system this class location is deemed inauthentic, sybaritic, and as strangely deadening to cultural vitality. Although commonly found in contexts of gentrification and commodification that involve class conflict, this critical discourse is also applied within the bourgeois milieu. Such needless auto-critique suggests a relative autonomy from determination by class struggle. The possibilities for this approach are illustrated at length with reference to a paradigm case: the highly bourgeois milieu of the composer Richard Wagner and his Bayreuth Festival.
From Galton’s Pride to Du Bois’s Pursuit: The Formats of Data-Driven Inequality
Authors: Koopman Colin
Published: April 2023

Data increasingly drive our lives. Often presented as a new trajectory, the deep immersion of our lives in data has a history that is well over a century old. By revisiting the work of early pioneers of what would today be called data science, we can bring into view both assumptions that fund our data-driven moment as well as alternative relations to data. I here excavate insights by contrasting a seemingly unlikely pair of early data technologists, Francis Galton and W.E.B. Du Bois. Galton, well known for his contributions to eugenics, was first and foremost a tinkering technician of measure. There are numerous domains of science over which Galtonian conceptions retain considerable influence, presumably without his pride in racial inequality. A more viable, because more egalitarian, alternative for the present can be found in the early data work of Du Bois.