bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human Genetics and Genomics for Drug Target Identification and Prioritization: Open Targets’ Perspective
Authors: McDonagh Ellen M. , Trynka Gosia , McCarthy Mark , Holzinger Emily Rose , Khader Shameer , Nakic Nikolina , Hu Xinli , Cornu Helena , Dunham Ian , Hulcoop David
Published: April 2024

Open Targets, a consortium among academic and industry partners, focuses on using human genetics and genomics to provide insights to key questions that build therapeutic hypotheses. Large-scale experiments generate foundational data, and open-source informatic platforms systematically integrate evidence for target–disease relationships and provide dynamic tooling for target prioritization. A locus-to-gene machine learning model uses evidence from genome-wide association studies (GWAS Catalog, UK BioBank, and FinnGen), functional genomic studies, epigenetic studies, and variant effect prediction to predict potential drug targets for complex diseases. These predictions are combined with genetic evidence from gene burden analyses, rare disease genetics, somatic mutations, perturbation assays, pathway analyses, scientific literature, differential expression, and mouse models to systematically build target–disease associations (
https://platform.opentargets.org
). Scored target attributes such as clinical precedence, tractability, and safety guide target prioritization. Here we provide our perspective on the value and impact of human genetics and genomics for generating therapeutic hypotheses.
Electrochemical Supercapacitor Application of Electrochemically Produced Chlorine-Doped Graphene Oxide with Cobalt Sulfide-Based Compounds Produced from Recycling of Spent Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Yasa Sezgin , Birol Burak , Gencten Metin
Published: April 2024

Recycling of LiCoO2 (LCO) based Li-ion batteries for energy storage systems is crucial both environmentally and economically. Reusing active species of LCO cathodes minimizes waste and conserves resources, promoting sustainability in energy storage. We have investigated repurposing cobalt from spent LiCoO2 (LCO) type Li-ion batteries into a cobalt sulfide-based compound (CS), which was then employed as an electrode material in asymmetric supercapacitors. Initially, the LCO cathode compound underwent leaching, resulting in the precipitation of CS utilizing the sulfur source derived from cobalt ions present in the solution. Furthermore, chlorine-doped graphene oxide (Cl-GO) was synthesized via the chronoamperometric method utilizing a 5 M perchloric acid solution. Produced CS and Cl-GO were characterized by using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The resulting CS and Cl-GO powders were combined to form the composite positive electrode of coin cell type asymmetric supercapacitors (CCTAS), with graphite powder (GP) utilized in the preparation of the negative electrode. CCTAS were also characterized by using electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and galvanostatic charge-discharge. The highest areal capacitance, recorded as 101 mF.cm−2 at a scan rate of 10 mV.s−1, was achieved in the CS/Cl-GO%15//GP CCTAS, with a capacitance retention of approximately 94% observed after 1000 cycles.
Involvement of Lay Assessors in the Inspection and Regulation of Public Services: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chinn Deborah , Brickley Katy , Power Andrew
Published: April 2024

Public services have increasingly sought to use lay assessors (often known as “experts by experience”) as members of inspection teams in health, social care, and education settings. This involvement has been credited as giving more influence to users over how services ought to run. Yet, little is known about the process or outcome of engaging with lay assessors. We conducted a systematic review to understand the benefits and challenges of involving lay assessors in the inspection of public services. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched the literature in English using five bibliographic databases with the date of publication limited to 2000 onward. Across 27 eligible studies, results suggest that including diverse views and perspectives is a strength, yet little consideration is given to issues of “representativeness” of lay assessors or the power differentials within mixed groups that can shape which perspectives gain dominance. Despite a frequent rehearsal of the many benefits of involving lay assessors in inspections as a potential force to drive up the quality of inspections and inspected services, the impact of including lay assessors in inspections in terms of improving services was hard to determine. When designing training for lay assessors, services needed to carefully consider the tension between maintaining the assessor’s “naive eye” versus becoming “professionalised.” It was also apparent that expectations are often not clearly shared over how lay perspectives could be included in final inspection reports, thus risking disengagement. Involving lay assessors is still a fairly novel, yet rich and meaningful way to improve services, yet a lack of clear expectations, and typical exclusion of lay assessors in setting standards for regulation, can still act as barriers to meaningful involvement, preventing lay views from being heard and acted upon.
Compression Mechanical Properties and Constitutive Model for Soft–Hard Interlayered Rock Mass
Authors: Li Jinhua , Yang Yang , Wang Pan , Zhang Tianyu , Su Peili , Zhao Songwei
Published: April 2024

The properties of soft–hard interbedded rock masses are significantly impacted by the strength of rock layers and the characteristics of interface surfaces. This study investigates the mechanical properties of soft–hard interlayered rock masses by preparing rock‐like specimens with different interface angles. Uniaxial and triaxial compression tests were conducted to examine the compression mechanical characteristics of the specimens. Experimental results demonstrated that in the uniaxial compression tests, the peak strength of the two‐layer rock‐like specimen exhibits an initial decrease followed by an increase as the interface angle increases. Similarly, the peak strength of the three‐layer rock‐like specimen also follows a “U‐shaped” pattern. The failure of both specimens shifts from tensile failure to shear failure. In the triaxial tests, the strength of the two‐layer rock‐like specimen initially increases and subsequently decreases as the interface angle increases. In contrast, the intensity of the three‐layer rock‐like specimen exhibits a decreasing trend, transitioning from shear dilation or tensile failure to shear failure. By utilizing the damage constitutive model to compute the compressive strength of the composite specimen, it was observed that the deviation from the experimental value did not exceed 2.5%, and the overall shape of the curves was in good agreement. Consequently, it is affirmed that the damage constitutive model developed in this study can accurately capture the pre‐peak phase of the stress–strain relationship in soft–hard interlayered rock‐like specimens, thus providing a valid representation of their mechanical behavior.
Bryonia aspera Root Extracts Induce Programmed Cell Death in Selected Cell Lines of Glioblastoma, Ovarian, and Breast Cancer
Authors: Bagheri Fereshteh , Salami Siamak , Shahsavari Zahra , Hatami Mahsa , Sahranavard Shamim
Published: April 2024

Background. Medicinal plants have been remarkable sources of current chemotherapeutic agents. Ethnobotanical utilization of Bryonia species goes back to the old era, and contemporary but preliminary studies have evidenced the anticancer effects of this kind of plant. Methods. The MTT assay was used to investigate the cytotoxicity of a range of concentrations from different extracts of Bryonia aspera root in cancer and noncancer cells. The apoptosis was assessed using annexinV-FITC/PI flow cytometry assay. The expression of selected hallmark genes from different cell death modalities, including apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis, was investigated using the qPCR method. The ROS production was also measured by the fluorescence technique. Results. Compared to the normal cells, all three extracts could induce significant cell death in lower doses in breast, ovarian, and glioblastoma cancer cells. Flow cytometry and gene expression studies revealed that different extracts of Bryonia aspera tend to induce different types of cell death in the selective cancer cell lines. ROS production was not impacted significantly by any of those three extracts in none of the cancer cells. Conclusion. The findings showed that all three extracts of Bryonia aspera root contain biologically active compounds that induce different types of programmed cell death in the investigated breast, ovarian, and glioblastoma cancer cells in concentrations significantly less than the doses affecting normal cells.
The Stability of Multi-Coefficients Pexider Additive Functional Inequalities in Banach Spaces
Authors: Liu Yang , Lyu Gang , Jin Yuanfeng , Yang Jiangwei
Published: April 2024

The Hyers–Ulam stability of multi-coefficients Pexider additive functional inequalities in Banach spaces is investigated. In order to do this, the fixed point method and the direct method are used.
Seasonal Mortality of Wild Atlantic Menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) Is Caused by a Virulent Clone of Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum; Implications for Biosecurity along the Atlantic Coastal United States
Authors: Lovy Jan , Iwanowicz Luke R. , Welch Timothy J. , Allam Bassem , Getchell Rodman G. , Geraci-Yee Sabrina , Good Chris , Snyder Jeremy , Raines Clayton D. , Das Nilanjana
Published: April 2024

Atlantic menhaden are a highly migratory marine species in the Eastern United States that suffer from seasonal chronic mortality. Affected fish show neurologic signs referred to as spinning disease, including circling at the surface and erratic corkscrew swimming before death. We investigated three similar menhaden mortality events consistent with spinning disease in coastal New Jersey and New York between 2020 and 2021 to understand the cause. A unique strain of Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum (serogroup O3) was detected regularly in high loads, particularly in the brains of moribund fish, by both metagenomics and bacterial isolation. The most common histopathological changes in moribund fish were hemorrhagic meningitis, encephalitis, pyknosis, and karyorrhexis of hematopoietic tissues in the kidney and spleen. Whole genome sequencing of isolates from moribund fish representing a wide spatial and temporal range showed that they were nearly identical clones, suggesting it to be a pathogenic strain circulating in the population. Though V. anguillarum is believed to be the main pathogen associated with spinning disease and mortality, Yersinia ruckeri (serotype O1) was isolated from smaller numbers of fish. Considering the highly migratory nature of Atlantic menhaden throughout the eastern United States and their use as bait for other fisheries, these findings identify potential biosecurity challenges that should be considered in Atlantic salmon aquaculture, fisheries, and emerging marine aquaculture in the region.
Nonpharmacological Interventions for Managing the Dyspnea-Fatigue-Physical/Role Functioning Symptom Cluster in Lung Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Leyns Clara , Van Boterdael Cassandra , Baele Ellen , Poppe Lindsay , Billiet Charlotte , Bultijnck Renée , Lambrecht Maarten , Lievens Yolande , Rammant Elke
Published: April 2024

Objective. Lung cancer (LC) patients suffer from multiple cooccurring symptoms. Interventions that have the potential to impact more than one symptom within a symptom cluster should be identified. The aim of this review was to examine nonpharmacological interventions that were effective in the management of one or more of the following symptoms in LC patients: dyspnea, fatigue, physical functioning (PF), and role functioning (RF). Methods. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was used for reporting this systematic review. The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE (using the PubMed interface), Embase (using the embase.com interface), and Web of Science were used as electronic databases. Randomized controlled studies were included if they assessed the effects of nonpharmacological interventions on dyspnea, fatigue, PF, and/or RF in patients with LC. Studies were evaluated with the Cochrane risk of bias tool, and relevant data were extracted and narratively summarized. Results and Conclusions. In total, 89 articles were included. Search results (until April 2023) show that most evidence was found for exercise interventions, followed by multicomponent, psychoeducational, diet, acupuncture, and other interventions. Studies that had an effect on multiple symptoms were observed to have the most frequent instances of positively affecting dyspnea, followed by PF, fatigue, and RF.
Rare Synchronous Lung Cancers in a Nonsmoker with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition Alterations: A Case Report
Authors: Baer Xavier , Chevallier Mathieu , Rey Cobo Juliana , Plojoux Jérôme , De Vito Claudio , Addeo Alfredo
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Lung cancer is the second most common cancer; however, synchronous lung cancer is rare and challenging to treat. Case Presentation: We report the case of an 80-year-old female patient who presented with two lung lesions with primary tumor characteristics, which revealed squamous cell carcinoma and synchronous adenocarcinoma after histological sampling. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis revealed a MET Exon 14 skipping mutation in squamous cell carcinoma and an epidermal growth factor receptor mutation in adenocarcinoma. Capmatinib and stereotactic radiotherapy were initiated for the adenocarcinoma with a good clinical response. Capmatinib treatment had to be discontinued because of stage 3 edema of the lower limbs, after which a left lobectomy was performed. Currently, the patient is considered to be in remission. Conclusion: This case highlights the need for histological analysis of every lung lesion with primary tumor characteristics, as well as for NGS analysis in search of specific mutations enabling the introduction of targeted therapies. mesenchymal-epithelial transition.
Rationale and Design of the Statin Use in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients (SATURN) Trial
Authors: Marchina Sarah , Yeatts Sharon D. , Foster Lydia D. , Janis Scott , Shoamanesh Ashkan , Khatri Pooja , Bernstein Kimberlee , Perlmutter Aaron , Stever Catherine , Heistand Elizabeth C. , Broderick Joseph P. , Greenberg Steven M. , Leira Enrique C. , Rosand Jonathan , Lioutas Vasileios-Arsenios , Salman Rustam Al Shahi , Tirschwell David , Marti-Fabregas Joan , Selim Magdy
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The benefits and risks of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) drugs in survivors of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are unclear. Observational studies suggest an association between statin use and increased risk of lobar ICH, particularly in patients with apolipoprotein-E (APOE) ε2 and ε4 genotypes. There are no randomized controlled trials addressing the effects of statins after ICH leading to uncertainty as to whether statins should be used in patients with lobar ICH who are at high risk for ICH recurrence. The SATURN trial aims to evaluate the effects of continuation versus discontinuation of statin on the risk of ICH recurrence and ischemic major adverse cerebro-cardio-vascular events (MACCEs) in patients with lobar ICH. Secondary aims include the assessment of whether the APOE genotype modifies the effects of statins on ICH recurrence, functional and cognitive outcomes, and quality of life. Methods: The SATURN trial is a multi-center, pragmatic, prospective, randomized, open-label, phase III clinical trial with blinded end-point assessment. A planned total of 1,456 patients with lobar ICH will be recruited from 140 sites in the USA, Canada, and Spain. Patients presenting within 7 days of a spontaneous lobar ICH that occurred while taking a statin will be randomized (1:1) to continuation (control) versus discontinuation (intervention) of the same statin drug and dose that they were using at ICH onset. The primary outcome is the time to recurrent symptomatic ICH within a 2-year follow-up period. The primary safety outcome is the occurrence of ischemic MACCE. Conclusion: The results will help to determine the best strategy for statin use in survivors of lobar ICH and may help to identify if there is a subset of patients who would benefit from or be harmed by statins.
What Matisse and Picasso Owed to Jewish Collectors and Dealers
Authors: Silver Larry
Published: April 2024

While the prominence in twentieth-century painting of Henri Matisse and Pablo Picasso remains unquestioned, neither of these great artists could have emerged in their shared Parisian art world without the direct support of Jewish collectors and dealers. Foremost among the Jewish collectors of their earlier works were Americans living in Paris, especially the Steins: Leo, Gertrude, and Michael and Sarah Stein. While Leo followed by Michael and Sarah was an early purchaser of Matisse’s bold early Fauvist works, led by Bonheur de Vie (1905), Gertrude turned increasingly to Picasso, who painted her portrait (1906). Their support for Matisse was avidly seconded by the Cone sisters, whose extensive collection was donated intact to the Baltimore Museum of Art. Jews were also early adopters of French modern art in general as dealers. Chiefly led by the Rosenberg brothers, Léonce and Paul, prominent Jewish dealers during the teens also included the perceptive, if underfunded, Berthe Weill as well as the German immigrant Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler. Both of the latter gave crucial support to experimental art, the latter in particular to the art of Picasso’s Cubist phase (including a Cubist portrait of the dealer). In addition, a number of Jewish art critics served as influencers, supporting contemporary artists, albeit often castigating paintings by immigrant Eastern European Jewish artists, whom they viewed as outsiders. In their view, it was the multinational School of Paris’ often Jewish immigrants, against the greater, local School of France.
“Old Frantic Fingers”
Authors: Curtis Ian Williams
Published: April 2024

Beckett criticism has long privileged vision and audition when discussing memory. The present study proposes to examine, rather, tactility in Beckett’s work. Touching and feeling are not only prominent features of what is remembered (or imagined, or remembered as never having occurred); they also trigger remembrance and body parts themselves hold memories. I argue that touching and holding are indispensable features of memories and of representations of remembering in Beckett’s postwar prose texts. The body remains a central preoccupation of his work up until the end of his life, and the body’s persistence in his work can help us revise our understanding of cognition generally, and memory specifically, in Beckett’s fictions.
Towards a Human Right to Psychological Continuity? Reflections on the Rights to Personal Identity, Self-Determination, and Personal Integrity
Authors: Ligthart Sjors
Published: April 2024

Scholars from different disciplines are increasingly debating how human rights should protect the autonomy not only over our bodies but also over our minds. These debates are often driven by emerging technologies that appear able to access, monitor, and manipulate mental states in ways that were previously inconceivable. Whereas some human rights already protect certain personal interests in the mental realm, such as the right to freedom of thought, it has been argued that new or updated human rights are necessary to offer adequate protection against modern technologies that may threaten our mental privacy, personal integrity, and identity. One of the proposed rights, which is under consideration by the Council of Europe and the UN Human Rights Council, concerns a right to ‘psychological continuity’. This paper challenges the necessity of recognising such a right, arguing that the notion of psychological continuity already receives considerable protection within the established framework of human rights law.
Photoelectric Detection Technology Utilizing Communication Remote Sensing Image Data
Authors: Liu Nan
Published: April 2024

The photoelectric detection system stands as a crucial instrument for target identification and task execution within diverse environments. The system is frequently confronted with rapid task alterations in the context of communication remote sensing observations. Conventional detection
systems encounter challenges in swiftly adapting, underscoring the pressing necessity for an intelligent photoelectric detection system capable of multifaceted tasks and rapid alignment with communication remote sensing settings. This study undertakes a technical exploration of the intelligent
photoelectric detection system, delineating the coexistence of semi-intelligent and fully intelligent modes. While the semi-intelligent mode is selected for specific task scenarios, the fully intelligent mode seamlessly takes precedence in the absence of specific tasks. Upon task assignment,
the detection mode is designated, automatically calibrating system parameters (operating bands, aperture, integration time, gain, and focal length) in alignment with task requisites. The architecture comprises a detection module capable of seamlessly transitioning between imaging and spectral
dimensions, complemented by an autonomous data processing module crafted through DSP+FPGA+ARM technologies. Grounded in this technological foundation, the study designs and employs an intelligent photoelectric detection system to procure communication remote sensing image data, focusing on
underwater acoustic signal analysis. The system’s configuration facilitates the creation of a communication remote sensing photoelectric detection mechanism specifically tailored for underwater acoustic signals. Rigorous experimentation involving laser communication in air and sound
waves in water culminates in the successful acquisition of communication remote sensing image data. Experimental findings affirm the system’s efficiency in effectively detecting underwater acoustic signals.
Design of Novel Photodetector Array in Optical Communication Systems and Optimization of Signal Processing Algorithm
Authors: Ran Conglin
Published: April 2024

This study aims to enhance the high-speed and high-power performance of photodetectors, focusing on the epitaxial layer structure of photodetector arrays. The epitaxial structure of the photodetector involves a P–I–N structure with InAlAs/InGaAs heterostructures. InAlAs
is used as the P-region material, and a dual-waveguide photodetector array is designed with a core diameter of 20 μm. The optical coupling is achieved through normal incident vertical illumination. Additionally, a novel structure of a dual-core symmetrically connected photodetector
array is proposed, altering the electrode structure and core arrangement to maintain consistent distances for the output signals from the cores to the device’s output terminal. In order to address the issue of minimum bit error rate in optical communication systems under conditions of
optical noise and limited energy efficiency of received optical signals, a photodetector array signal processing algorithm is proposed. The experimentally designed dual-core symmetrically connected P–I–N photodetector array achieves a 3 dB bandwidth of 15.37 GHz at an average photocurrent
of 5 mA. Furthermore, it maintains a 3 dB bandwidth of 11.67 GHz at a high-power operating state of 50 mA, with an alternating current (AC) saturation current of 56 mA and a saturated RF output power of 1.11 dBm at 11.67 GHz. In comparison, the improved dual-core traveling-wave photodetector
array at 11.67 GHz only achieves an AC saturation current of 38 mA and a saturated RF output power of 2.66 dBm. The signal processing algorithm for the selected dual-core symmetrically connected P–I–N photodetector array demonstrates that employing a method of merging array elements
reduces the system’s computational complexity with minimal impact on the system’s power consumption.
High-Performance Light Emitting Diode Lighting Circuits and Their Interior Design Applications
Authors: Wang Bingfu
Published: April 2024

This study explores the application of the half-bridge Inductor-Inductor-Capacitor (LLC) resonant converter in Light Emitting Diode (LED) lighting driver power supplies, with a specific focus on improving efficiency and dimming capabilities. The investigation begins with an analysis
of the sliding mode control (SMC) method, utilizing a constant-current design with a fixed switching frequency (FWF). A novel fuzzy frequency-selective SMC dimming strategy is proposed to recognize the challenge of significant output voltage ripple during dimming under a FSF. To address the
ripple issue during dimming, an electromagnetic filtering circuit is designed, and a zero-voltage turn-on Metal—Oxide—Semiconductor (MOS) tube is introduced, incorporating a synchronous rectification scheme to mitigate losses in the secondary-side rectification diode. The study
comprehensively considers a current-mode self-driven method, specifically tailored to the LLC circuit’s different operating modes. The LLC resonant circuit, along with the subsequent synchronous rectification circuit, is meticulously designed for a 252 W LED driver power supply prototype.
A closed-loop simulation circuit model is developed using PSIM software in experimental validation. The feasibility of SMC based on a FSF is affirmed through a comparative analysis of SMC signal waveforms, steady-state output current (OC) models, and resonant tank current waveforms. The investigation
into the OC under various SMC conditions demonstrates the half-bridge LLC resonant converter’s ability to achieve stable output with minimal ripple. The designed LED lighting circuit is applied to indoor design, providing adjustable LED brightness and switch status at different power
levels. Although obstacles slightly impact the communication quality of the circuit, it remains suitable for the majority of users’ needs.
An Artificial Intelligence-Based Predictive Framework for Power Forecasting Using Nano-Electronic Sensors in Hybrid Renewable Energy System
Authors: Imam Rahmani Mohammad Khalid , Ahmad Sultan , Tasneem Khawaja Tauseef , Uddin Mohammed Yousuf , Islam Asharul , Badr Mohammed Mehdi , Hussain Mohammad Rashid , Dildar Muhammad Shahid , Irshad Reyazur Rashid
Published: April 2024

This paper presents a novel Artificial Intelligence-based Predictive Framework for Power Forecasting in Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems employing Electronic Sensors in the quickly changing field of renewable energy systems. The research aims to address the challenges associated with
predicting power generation in complex hybrid systems integrating various renewable sources and also make the better consideration of nanotechnology using various electronic sensors. The proposed framework provides an advanced technique for accurate and efficient power forecasting by fusing
the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) with Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN). By combining the strengths of RBFNN and GWO, it is possible to optimize the forecasting model’s parameters and improve its capacity to adjust to the changing needs of hybrid renewable energy systems. This
method’s novelty lies in its ability to dynamically adjust to changing conditions, ensuring robust and precise power predictions. The initial step itself initiates with data collection for which certain nano-electronic devices are enrolled in the framework like sensors. The study includes
a detailed explanation of the proposed method, emphasizing the collaborative strength of RBFNN and GWO in optimizing predictive models. Performance analysis includes thorough evaluations using accepted metrics including Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Squared Error (MSE), Root Mean Squared
Error (RMSE), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The outcomes highlight the suggested framework’s exceptional prediction powers and highlight its potential as a cutting-edge tool for power forecasting optimization in hybrid renewable energy systems. The present study provides
significant contributions to the area by presenting a viable approach to increase the production of renewable energy’s dependability and efficiency.
Dynamic Self Checking Technology of Transformer Device in Intelligent Power Plant Based on Protection Logic Optimization
Authors: Yin Yu
Published: April 2024

So as to ensure the normal operation of transformer device and reduce the heavy loss caused by fault, a dynamic self-test skill of transformer device in smart muscle vegetation under the optimization of protection logic is proposed. The protection logic optimization scheme is proposed,
and the single column three winding architecture of the main transformer of the smart muscle vegetation transformer device is constructed. On the basis of this architecture, according to the four arm thermal conductivity pool architecture and the wavelet denoising process, the performance
self inspection system of the smart muscle vegetation transformer device is designed. According to the load model of the smart muscle vegetation transformer, Thus, the dynamic self-test skill of smart muscle vegetation transformer device under the protection logic optimization is realized.
The laboratorial consequences show that the frequency response curves of the faulty winding and the winding under normal operation are basically the same, which can accurately diagnose the short circuit fault between turns of the transformer, and the self-test skill has strong test sensitivity.
Outcomes and Predictors of Delayed Intervention After Renal Trauma
Authors: Gross Megan G. , Filiberto Dina M. , Lehrman Benjamin H. , Lenart Emily K. , Easterday Thomas S. , Kerwin Andrew J. , Byerly Saskya E.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Historically, a zone II hematoma mandated exploration after penetrating trauma, but this has been challenged given potentially higher nephrectomy rates and the advent of therapeutic endovascular and endoscopic interventions. We hypothesized penetrating mechanism was not a predictor for delayed intervention in the modern era.

Methods

This single-center, retrospective study included renal trauma patients from 3/2019 to 6/2022. Our institutional practice is selective exploration of zone II hematomas for active bleeding and expanding hematoma only, regardless of mechanism. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression (MLR) were performed.

Results

One-hundred and forty-four patients were identified, with median age 32 years (IQR:23,49), 66% blunt mechanism, and injury severity score 17(IQR:11,26). Forty-three (30%) required operative intervention, and of the 20 that had a zone II exploration, 3 (15%) underwent renorrhaphy and 17 (85%) underwent nephrectomy. Penetrating patients more frequently underwent immediate operative intervention (67%vs10%, P < .0001), required nephrectomy (27%vs5%, P = .0003), and were less likely to undergo pre-intervention CT (51%vs96%, P < .0001) compared to blunt patients. Delayed renal interventions were higher in penetrating (33%vs13%, P = .004) with no difference in mortality or length of stay compared to blunt mechanism. Ureteral stent placement and renal embolization were the most common delayed interventions. On MLR, the only independent predictor for delayed intervention was need for initial operative intervention (OR 3.803;95%CI:1.612-8.975, P = .0023). Four (3%) required delayed nephrectomy, of which only one underwent initial operative intervention without zone 2 exploration.

Conclusions

The most common delayed interventions after renal trauma were renal embolization and ureteral stent. Penetrating mechanism was not a predictor of delayed renal intervention in a trauma center that manages zone II retroperitoneal hematomas similarly regardless of mechanism.
Alone on the frontline: The first report of PTSD prevalence and risk in de-occupied Ukrainian villages
Authors: Ressler Austin , Hinchey Liza M , Mast Jonathan , Zucconi Beth E , Bratchuk Anatoliy , Parfenukt Nadia , Roth Dianne , Javanbakht Arash
Published: April 2024

Importance:

The ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine marks a critical juncture in a series of events posing severe threat to the health of Ukrainian citizens. While recent reports reveal higher rates of PTSD in Ukrainian refugees following Russia’s invasion – data for Ukrainians remaining at the warfront is inherently difficult to access. A primarily elderly demographic, Ukrainians in previously Russian-occupied areas near the front (UPROANF) are at particular risk.

Design:

Data was sourced from screening questionnaires administered between March 2022 and July 2023 by mobile health clinics providing services to UPROANF.

Setting:

Previously occupied villages in Eastern and Southern Ukraine.

Participants:

UPROANF attending clinics completed voluntary self-report surveys reporting demographics, prior health diagnoses, and PTSD symptom severity ( n = 450; Meanage = 53.66; 72.0% female).

Exposure:

Participants were exposed to Russian occupation of Ukrainian villages.

Main outcome and measures:

The PTSD Checklist for the DSM-V (PCL-5) with recommended diagnostic threshold (i.e. 31) was utilized to assess PTSD prevalence and symptom severity. ANCOVA was used to examine hypothesized positive associations between (1) HTN and (2) loneliness and PTSD symptoms (cumulative and by symptom cluster).

Results:

Between 47.8% and 51.33% screened positive for PTSD. Though cumulative PTSD symptoms did not differ based on HTN diagnostic status, those with HTN reported significantly higher PTSD re-experiencing symptoms ( b = 1.25, SE = 0.60, p = .046). Loneliness was significantly associated with more severe cumulative PTSD symptoms ( b = 1.29, SE = 0.31, p < .001), re-experiencing ( b = 0.47, SE = 0.12, p < .001), avoidance ( b = .18, SE = 0.08, p = .038), and hypervigilance ( b = 0.29, SE = 0.13, p = .036).

Conclusions and relevance:

PTSD prevalence was higher than other war-exposed populations. Findings highlight the urgent mental health burden among UPROANF, emphasizing the need for integrated care models addressing both trauma and physical health. Given the significance of loneliness as a risk factor, findings suggest the potential for group-based, mind-body interventions to holistically address the physical, mental, and social needs of this highly traumatized, underserved population.
Consequences of client violence towards the social worker: A systematic review
Authors: Vidal-Marti Cristina , Ruiz Bueno Antoni
Published: April 2024

Client violence towards social workers is a phenomenon with serious consequences that affect the professional, service and organisation. However, it is not known what effect such violence has on each. A systematic review of 26 studies found that the consequences have an impact on the social worker, the service and the organisation. In particular, it affects the health of the social worker, the professional relationship the professional relationship with the client and organisational functioning. It is stressed that prevention measures should be holistic and comprehensive to reduce violence, focusing on actions involving the professional and influencing organisational and contextual policies.
The motivating and mobilizing effects of inequality on civil conflict: Focusing on trade-induced labor market shocks
Authors: Jung Hye-Ryoung
Published: April 2024

This article has two aims: (1) to identify the causal effect of income inequality on civil conflict and (2) to find the mechanism in which disadvantaged individuals can mobilize collective violence. Applying the Heckscher-Ohlin and Stopler-Samuelson theorems, this study hypothesizes that workers in land-rich countries – those who face contracted demand in the labor market and consequently a larger income disparity – will have a lower opportunity cost to engage in conflict as trade expands. Exploiting exogenous spatial variation in inequality due to the country’s factor endowment, together with time variation in tariffs arising from the economic liberalization, the work of this research documents a statistically significant and economically meaningful causal effect of inequality on civil conflict. Secondly, to identify the mobilizing effect of inequality, I test whether higher disparity in income distribution within an ethnic group breeds more rebellions initiated by the group. Esteban and Ray’s model claims that an increase in income inequality within an ethnic group makes collective violence more likely, because the poor within the group provide conflict labor, and the rich within the group provide resources for violence. By merging international census data that cover 115 million individuals from 221 ethnic groups with the groups’ conflict records, the analysis empirically identifies that when holding total ethnic income constant, within-group inequality that is proxied by the unemployment rate is strongly correlated with the group’s propensity to initiate armed conflicts. Shedding new light on the prevailing scholarly discord that exclusively chooses either one of class and ethnic cleavages as sources of intrastate violence, the findings of this study imply that if trade-induced labor market shocks increase within-group inequality, it motivates workers to participate in rebellions by lowering their opportunity cost of fighting and mobilizes ethnic collective violence by allowing the ethnic leaders to recruit combatants at a lower cost.
Graft Healing Process Following Cartilage Myringoplasty Without Trimming of the Perforation Margin
Authors: Wu Meixia , Lou Zhengcai
Published: April 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to endoscopically evaluate the graft healing process and graft success rate following cartilage myringoplasty, without trimming of the perforation margin or external ear canal (EAC) packing. Material and Methods: Patients with chronic tympanic membrane (TM) perforation underwent endoscope cartilage underlay myringoplasty, without trimming perforation margin or EAC packing. The healing process of the cartilage graft and the graft success rate were evaluated at 6 months postoperatively. Results: Fifty-eight ears were included in this study. At 1 week postoperatively, clinical inosculation and neovascularization of the graft were observed in small- and medium-sized perforations, but not in large or subtotal perforations. At 2 weeks postoperatively, graft clinical inosculation and neovascularization were completed in the small- and medium-sized perforations; however, neovascularization of the graft had only just begun in the large perforations. At 3 weeks postoperatively, completion of the graft clinical inosculation was achieved in 57 of the 58 ears. At 4 weeks postoperatively, complete neovascularization was achieved in all perforations. Of the 58 ears, postoperative infection resulted in residual perforation in 1 ear, and an insufficient graft resulted in residual perforation in a large perforation without infection. Overall, the graft success rate was 96.6% (56/58). There was no correlation between the graft success rate and graft neovascularization score. Conclusions: The graft healing process experienced the dilation of the blood vessels of the remnant TM, graft clinical inosculation, and neovascularization following cartilage myringoplasty without trimming of the perforation margin and EAC packing; however, the graft success rate was not related to the endoscopic graft neovascularization scores.
Household Environments and Functional Decline Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China: Variations by Gender, Age, and Residence
Authors: Zhao Dandan , Luo Ye , Kemper Karen A. , Zhang Lingling , Pan Xi
Published: April 2024

This study examined the associations between household social, economic, and physical environments and the trajectory of functional limitations over time among middle-aged and older adults in China, and how this relationship differs by gender, age, and residence. Linear growth curve models were applied to a sample of 13,564 respondents aged 45 years and older from four waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS 2011–2018). Living alone, particularly for rural, female, and older respondents, was associated with a faster functional decline when compared to living with a spouse and without children. Improved housing quality was associated with a slower functional decline. Living with young descendants and without adult children for urban residents and a lower expenditure per capita for younger respondents were associated with a faster functional decline. These findings suggest that policies aimed at enhancing living conditions have the potential to improve physical functioning of older adults.
What actually is peace journalism? Uncovering its (lack of) definition and related practices
Authors: Bhowmik Sima , Ferrucci Patrick
Published: April 2024

While peace journalism is an often-evoked concept in academic and journalism industry literature, its exact definition remains rather elusive. This study utilizes a theoretical framework of metajournalistic discourse to understand how practitioners define peace journalism and identify its related practices. Results show that peace journalism is constructed with advocacy in mind. We argue the concepts of peace journalism and traditional journalism are not adversaries, but rather complementary.
The Dynamic Relationship Between Students’ Talk About Their Learning and Teachers’ Reading Instruction
Authors: Benedict Amber , Lauterbach Alexandra , Brownell Mary , Park Yujeong , Koziarski Germaine
Published: April 2024

Historically, in educational research, student learning is frequently represented as quantitative data that demonstrates academic achievement. However, examining student learning by quantitative measures alone means that we do not fully understand the dynamic relationship between the instructional practices of teachers and how students learn. In this study, grounded theory methods were used to explore the relationship between the learning experiences of upper elementary students with specific learning disabilities and their special education teachers’ reading practices. We found a relationship between the way teachers structured interactions within their word study instruction and how students perceived themselves as “readers” as evidenced by their talk. This study demonstrates the potential for teacher educators and researchers to use how students talk of their learning experiences and interactions during instruction, along with performance-based data, as a tool for understanding how teacher instruction affects student learning.
Magnetic hyperthermia in cancer therapy, mechanisms, and recent advances: A review
Authors: Molaei Mohammad Jafar
Published: April 2024

Hyperthermia therapy refers to the elevating of a region in the body for therapeutic purposes. Different techniques have been applied for hyperthermia therapy including laser, microwave, radiofrequency, ultrasonic, and magnetic nanoparticles and the latter have received great attention in recent years. Magnetic hyperthermia in cancer therapy aims to increase the temperature of the body tissue by locally delivering heat from the magnetic nanoparticles to cancer cells with the aid of an external alternating magnetic field to kill the cancerous cells or prevent their further growth. This review introduces magnetic hyperthermia with magnetic nanoparticles. It includes the mechanism of the operation and magnetism behind the magnetic hyperthermia phenomenon. Different synthesis methods and surface modification to enhance the biocompatibility, water solubility, and stability of the nanoparticles in physiological environments have been discussed. Recent research on versatile types of magnetic nanoparticles with their ability to increase the local temperature has been addressed.
“He Stole My Meds to Get High:” The Mental Health and Well-Being of Women Abused by Intimate Partners and Their Disability Status
Authors: Tutty Leslie Maureen , Nixon Kendra
Published: April 2024

While population-based research confirms that women with disabilities abused by their intimate partners experience significant mental health issues, few studies compare this in intimate partner violence (IPV)-specific samples of women with or without disabilities and none analyze possible impacts based on disability type. This secondary mixed methods analysis examined 660 Canadian women (50.6% Indigenous, 43.1% White, and 6.1% visible minority) with respect to whether they reported having a disability that impacted their employability or daily living (291 or 44% yes; 369 or 56% said no). In the 291 women with disabilities, about one-third (30.7%) had a physical disability-only, one-quarter had a mental health disability-only, and 44.1% reported both physical and mental health disabilities. Women with mental health and both physical and mental health disabilities reported significantly more Severe Combined IPV on the Composite Abuse Scale, depression (CES-D-10; Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression), psychological distress (Symptom Checklist Shortform-10; SCL-10; in the clinical range), PTSD symptoms (PTSD Checklist), and lower quality of life (Quality of Life Questionnaire or QoL-9) than women without disabilities. Education about disabilities is needed for IPV advocates and disability practitioners need education about IPV. Developing services specific to survivors of IPV with disabilities is recommended.
Social Reactions to Disclosures of Multiple-Perpetrator Sexual Assault: Do Number of Offenders Matter?
Authors: Harris Casey , Ullman Sarah E.
Published: April 2024

Sexual assault (SA) victimization is a prevalent issue both in the U.S. and globally. Although SA victimization is usually perpetrated by a single-perpetrator, multiple-perpetrator sexual assaults (MPSAs) also occur. Unfortunately, there is less literature concerning MPSAs, including the well-being of survivors’ post-assault. One factor that has been shown to be important in the well-being of SA survivors’ post-assault are the social reactions survivors receive from others following disclosure. The current study sought to compare social reactions received by MPSA survivors to the social reactions received by single-perpetrator sexual assault (SPSA) survivors in a community sample of adult female SA survivors ( N = 1,863). We examined “turning against” (TA) reactions, a type of negative social reaction in which the supporter expresses more overtly distressing reactions that focus blame on the victim. We also examined unsupportive acknowledgment reactions (UA) the second type of negative reaction in which survivors receive acknowledgment that the assault occurred but are not supported. Additionally, we examined differences in positive reactions that survivors received from their support systems. One-way Analysis of Variance showed statistically significant differences in social reactions to disclosure according to number of offenders in the SA, with MPSA survivors receiving more TA and UA negative reactions than SPSA survivors. There were no differences in positive reactions by number of offenders. Multiple regression analyses also revealed that several demographics, assault characteristics, and post-assault factors (total Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms, coping, attributions of self-blame) were related to the social reactions received by MPSA survivors post-assault. Implications and recommendations for support providers are discussed.