bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Signatures of Quantum Interference in the Time Dependence of Charge Transfer in Donor–Bridge–Acceptor Molecules
Authors: Sohlberg Karl , Bazargan Gloria
Published: November 2021

Numerical solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation is combined with a statistical procedure for analyzing the time-dependent probability density to look for signatures of quantum phase interference in charge transfer across two donor–bridge–acceptor molecules. The results show a strong dependence of transfer time on relative phase in an initially localized state. Additionally, the transfer time shows a stronger dependence on molecular symmetry for asymmetric initial localizations than symmetric initial localizations.
Venture Capital Booms and Start-Up Financing
Authors: Janeway William H. , Nanda Ramana , Rhodes-Kropf Matthew
Published: November 2021

We review the growing literature on the relationship between venture capital (VC) booms and start-up financing, focusing on three broad areas. First, we discuss the drivers of large inflows into the VC asset class, particularly in recent years, which are related to but also distinct from macroeconomic business cycles and stock market fluctuations. Second, we review the emerging literature on the real effects of VC financing booms. A particular focus of this work is to highlight the potential impact that booms (and busts) can have on the types of firms that VC investors choose to fund and the terms at which they are funded, independent of investment opportunities—thereby shaping the trajectory of innovation being conducted by start-ups. Third, an important insight from recent research is that booms in VC financing are not just a temporal phenomenon but can also be seen in terms of the concentration of VC investment in certain industries and geographies. We also review the role of government policy, exploring the degree to which it can explain the concentration of VC funding in the United States over the past 40 years in just two broad areas—information and communication technologies and biotechnology. We conclude by highlighting promising areas of further research.
The Composition and Magnetic Property of Co/Cu Alloy Microwires Prepared Using Meniscus-Confined Electrodeposition: Effect of [Co2+], [Cu2+] Concentration at the Tip of the Meniscus
Authors: Lei Yu , Zhang Xianyun , Nie Weiye , Zhang Yifan , Gao Qingqing , Gao Fangpu , Li Zhixiang , Sun Aihua , Liu Fenghua , Cheng Yuchuan , Xu Gaojie , Guo Jianjun
Published: November 2021

Meniscus-confined electrodeposition (MCED) is an effective and versatile technique for fabrication of alloy structures with precise localization and high controllability. Here, the fabrication of cobalt-copper (Co/Cu) alloy microwires using MCED techniques is reported. Co/Cu microwires with a wide range of compositions (Co9Cu91 to Co100Cu0) and controllable morphology were printed using the co-electrodeposition mode from a single electrolyte. We utilized multiphysics finite element simulation to investigate the influence of electrolyte evaporation and electric field on the concentration distribution of metal ions in the meniscus. The concentration of ions at the substrate interface increases linearly with decreasing humidity and increasing current density, which can be used to fine turn the alloy composition. By further analyzing the alloy composition, we found that the electrodeposition of Cu is diffusion controlled, while Co is mainly electrochemical reaction controlled, as a results of combined action of surface evaporation and reaction dynamics in the meniscus. The prepared alloy wires are polycrystalline, dense and uniform composition distribution. The coercivity and magnetic anisotropy are enhanced by increasing of the copper content in the alloy wires. The high tunability of composition make this alloy a promising material for magnetic micro/nano-electromechanical devices.
A Semianalytical Model for Analyzing the Infill Well-Caused Fracture Interference from Shale Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Fang Sidong , Wu Yonghui , Dai Cheng , Ma Liqiang , Liu Hua
Published: November 2021

Drilling infill well has been widely used in many plays to enhance the recovery of shale gas, but the infill well-caused fracture interference is a very important issue that should be taken into consideration. The well interference makes it difficult for the conventional models to make production predictions, fracture characterization, and production data analysis. In this paper, a semianalytical model is proposed for this purpose by discretizing the whole control volume of the parent and infill wells into several linear flow zones. In this way, three important issues can be further handled very naturally, including fracture connection between the parent and infill wells, different SRV properties for zones with different distances to the wellbore, and different production times for adjacent wellbores. The approximate expressions for different flow regimes are used in making production predictions in the time domain, and a flowing material balance method and a simple iteration are used to update the model parameters step by step. The proposed model is shown to be reasonable and accurate for handling multiwell interference problems after comparing with the commercial numerical simulator tNavigator. The synthetical cases show that the fracture parameters, SRV properties, and well infill time have a significant influence on the production performance of both the parent and infill wells. The results show that the production of the parent well will be dramatically enhanced when it is connected with the infill well via high-conductive hydraulic fractures. Longer unconnected fractures and more fracturing stages/clusters for the infill well will result in higher production for the infill well, but a negative effect is observed for the parent well. The permeability of the distant well SRV has a similar influence on the parent and infill wells. The results also show that late time well interference will result in a more significant increase in production rate on the log-log plots for the severe depletion around the parent well. Finally, the proposed model is used to analyze the production data of a field case from Fuling shale in Southwestern China. After analyzing the production data, several parameters can be obtained for both parent and infill wells, including the fracture lengths and conductivities, numbers of connected fractures, and the near and distant well permeabilities of the SRV. This gives a basic and practical technique for production prediction, formation and fracture evaluation, and well connectivity analysis from shale gas wells with fracture connection.
The Influence of Big Data Analytics on E‐Commerce: Case Study of the U.S. and China
Authors: Zhuang Weiqing
Published: November 2021

Big data analytics (BDA) is a wide and deep application in e‐commerce, which impacts positively on the global economy, especially the U.S. and China who have done well. This paper seeks to examine the relative influence of theoretical research and practical activities of BDA in e‐commerce to explain the differences between the U.S. and China according to the two main literature databases, Web of Science and CNKI, respectively, and by employing other samples that present retail e‐commerce sales and the number of some data companies founded in the U.S. and China each year. We further determine the reasons leading to the difference between the U.S. and China in BDA in e‐commerce, which can help managers devise appropriate business strategies in e‐commerce for each of them, and provide a proof of the significant relationship of theoretical research and practical activities in BDA in e‐commerce. In addition, the variables related to big data companies show a moderation effect rather than mediating effect relative to the practice of theoretical research in e‐commerce in the United States, but they show a moderate effect and mediating effects in China. The results of this study help clarify doubts regarding the development of China’s e‐commerce. Moreover, three orientations in e‐commerce using BDA and the use of quantum computing in e‐commerce to solve existing e‐commerce problems are explored to provide better evidence for decision‐making that could be valuable in future research.
Cytotoxic and Antifungal Amides Derived from Ferulic Acid: Molecular Docking and Mechanism of Action
Authors: de Morais Mayara Castro , Perez-Castillo Yunierkis , Silva Valdenizia Rodrigues , Santos Luciano de Souza , Soares Milena Botelho Pereira , Bezerra Daniel Pereira , de Castro Ricardo Dias , de Sousa Damião Pergentino
Published: November 2021

Amides derived from ferulic acid have a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities, including antitumor and antifungal activity. In the present study, a series of ten amides were obtained by coupling reactions using the reagents (benzotriazol‐1‐yloxy) tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyBOP) and N,N  ′ -dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC). All the compounds were identified on the basis of their IR, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, HRMS data, and with yields ranging from 43.17% to 91.37%. The compounds were subjected to cytotoxic tests by the alamar blue technique and antifungal screening by the broth microdilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The amides 10 and 11 displayed the best result in both biological evaluations, and compound 10 was the most potent and selective in HL‐60 cancer cells, with no cytotoxicity on healthy cells. This amide had antifungal activity in all strains and had the lowest MIC against Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. The possible mechanism of antifungal action occurs via the fungal cell wall. Molecular modeling suggested that compounds 10 and 11 interact with the enzymes GWT1 and GSC1, which are essential for the development of C. albicans. The findings of the present study demonstrated that compounds 10 and 11 may be used as a platform in drug development in the future.
Recurrent Multivalvular Staphylococcus Lugdunensis Endocarditis Causing Complete Heart Block after TAVR
Authors: Singhal Preeti , Kanjanauthai Somsupha , Kwan Wilson
Published: November 2021

Prosthetic valve endocarditis after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (PVE after TAVR) is a feared complication most often observed during the early postprocedural period. We report a case of severe, multivalvular PVE after TAVR with complete heart block caused by an uncommon organism. A 78-year-old female with prior Streptococcus agalactiae mitral valve endocarditis treated with antibiotics presented one year later with severe, symptomatic aortic insufficiency. She subsequently underwent TAVR given high surgical risk. Six weeks post-TAVR, she presented with syncope, fever, and complete heart block. Transthoracic echocardiogram was not demonstrative of vegetation. Blood cultures were positive for Staphylococcus lugdunensis. Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) demonstrated vegetations of the aortic, mitral, and tricuspid valves and aorto-mitral continuity. While awaiting surgery, the patient developed cardiac arrest; she was resuscitated and taken to surgery emergently. The patient underwent TAVR explantation, bovine pericardial tissue aortic and porcine bioprosthetic mitral valve replacements, and tricuspid valve repair. Additionally, left main coronary artery endarterectomy was performed due to presence of infectious vegetative material. Staphylococcus lugdunensis is an unusual but virulent organism that may damage both native and prosthetic valves. Early surgery is recommended for PVE after TAVR, especially in cases with perivalvular disease causing conduction abnormalities. Learning Objectives. TAVR has revolutionized the management of severe aortic stenosis and has even been successfully utilized in select cases of aortic regurgitation. Unfortunately, there are a number of associated complications that can be difficult to diagnose, such as prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE). We emphasize maintaining a high clinical suspicion for PVE after TAVR in patients presenting with conduction abnormalities and highlight the importance of early surgical management in cases complicated by heart block, abscesses, or destructive penetrating lesions.
Performance Analysis of WOFDM‐WiMAX Integrating Diverse Wavelets for 5G Applications
Authors: Kansal Lavish , Gaba Gurjot Singh , Sharma Ashutosh , Dhiman Gaurav , Baz Mohammed , Masud Mehedi
Published: November 2021

In the 5th generation (5G) and 6th generation (6G) of wireless mobile telecommunication networks, the requests for an elevated data rate with access to stationary as well as portable customers are going to be overwhelming. Mobile worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) comes out as a favourable alternative that is intelligibly developed and more matured than wireless fidelity (Wi‐Fi). Mobile WiMAX makes use of the orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) technology for its two‐way communication to enhance the system performance in fading environments making it more suitable for 5G applications. The diverse OFDM forms deliberated here are the fast Fourier transform‐ (FFT‐) based WiMAX and discrete wavelet transform‐ (DWT‐) based WiMAX. The suggested study exhibits the bit error rate (BER) and peak to average power ratio (PAPR) reduction by integrating different wavelet families, i.e., Haar, symlet, coiflet, and reverse biorthogonal over Rayleigh fading channel. The simulation results obtained by MATLAB depicts an improvement in PAPR reduction, and signal to noise ratio (SNR) requirement is also reduced by 6‐12 dB by using DWT‐incorporated WiMAX at a BER of 10-4.
English Translation Teaching Model of Flipped Classroom Based on the Fusion Algorithm of Network Communication and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Li Lei
Published: November 2021

With the advent of the information age and the rapid development of communication technology, traditional teaching methods and methods can no longer meet people’s needs for education in the information age. This research mainly discusses the flipped classroom English translation teaching model based on the fusion algorithm of network communication and artificial intelligence. This research proposes an Internet learning platform based on Tencent’s QQ communication software and mobile terminals. This learning platform can meet the learning needs of flipped classrooms, without spending a lot of investment in hardware and software development. This is a relatively ideal Internet learning platform suitable for students to carry out flipped classroom learning. Most of these mobile terminals have functions such as video playback, document reading and editing, wireless network connection, QQ communication, and large‐capacity storage. These functions provide support for the smooth implementation of flip class. The video playback function can meet the needs of students to download and watch microvideos. Students can use mobile terminals to watch anytime, anywhere. The document reading and editing function can help students read related learning materials online, including self‐study test questions, task lists, and teaching evaluation forms. Under this platform, students and teachers who are participants in the learning process are linked to each other through the QQ of the network terminal. The learning resources are uploaded by the teacher to the group file for students to download and watch. Students use the QQ group to give feedback and discuss difficult problems. This kind of learning network that flexibly chooses the learning time and place according to the individual student’s own situation is very efficient and convenient. After the English translation test, the failure rate of the experimental class was only 3.3%, while in the control class, the failure rate was 8.3%. This research will better integrate the flipped classroom teaching mode and English translation teaching by building a learning exchange platform, which will help improve the quality of teaching.
Interpretable Diagnosis for Whole-Slide Melanoma Histology Images Using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Xie Peizhen , Zuo Ke , Liu Jie , Chen Mingliang , Zhao Shuang , Kang Wenjie , Li Fangfang
Published: November 2021

At present, deep learning-based medical image diagnosis had achieved high performance in several diseases. However, the black-box nature of the convolutional neural network (CNN) limits their role in diagnosis. In this study, a novel interpretable diagnosis pipeline using the CNN model was proposed. Furthermore, a sizeable melanoma database that contains 841 digital whole-slide images (WSIs) was built to train and evaluate the model. The model achieved strong melanoma classification ability (0.962 areas under the receiver operating characteristic, 0.887 sensitivity, and 0.925 specificity). Moreover, the proposed model outperformed the existing schemes in terms of accuracy that is 20 pathologists (0.933 vs 0.732 accuracy). Finally, the gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) method was used to show the inner logic of the proposed model and its feasibility to improve diagnosis process in healthcare. The mechanism of feature heat maps which is visualized through a saliency mapping has demonstrated that features learned or extracted by the proposed model are compatible with the accepted pathological features. Conclusively, the proposed model provides a rapid and accurate diagnosis by locating the distinctive features of melanoma to build doctors’ trust in the CNNs’ diagnosis results.
Treatment of Rapid Progression of Myopia: Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Erdinest Nir , London Naomi , Levinger Nadav , Lavy Itay , Pras Eran , Morad Yair
Published: November 2021

This retrospective case series demonstrates the combination of 0.05% atropine with MiSight® 1 day (Cooper vision, Sar Ramon, CA, USA) in rapid progression of myopia of 4 children. MiSight® 1 day is a peripheral defocus, center-distance soft contact lens and is effective at controlling moderate progression of myopia during the course of 1 year. The current case series included 2 females and 2 males with an average age of 9.68 ± 0.26 years and an average axial length of 24.81 ± 0.92 mm. Their myopic progression during the previous year was −1.45 ± 0.27 D. The children had not attempted any myopia control thus far. This relatively high increase prompted a combination treatment of daily instillation of 0.05% atropine and MiSight, a daily replacement soft contact lens. Cycloplegic refraction and a slit-lamp evaluation were performed every 6 months to confirm no adverse reactions or staining was present. The 8-item contact lens dry eye questionnaire (CLDEQ-8) score of these children was 10.66 ± 1.52. The average myopia progression at the end of 1 year decreased to −0.41 ± 0.11 D, and the average axial length increase was 0.28 ± 0.08 mm. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first published study showing a combination of 0.05% atropine and peripheral defocus soft contact lenses indicating efficacy at controlling moderate myopia progression.
The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Weight Loss Program in Infertile Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Women with Obesity
Authors: Šuštaršič Ana , Vrtačnik Bokal Eda , Burnik Papler Tanja
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic has caused gym closures and adjustments to ongoing weight loss programs were needed in order to keep the programs running. Little is known whether adjustments affected the success of weight reduction. Weight reduction of at least 5% is related to improved fertility and better pregnancy outcomes in obese women. This study compared success of the weight loss program in infertile polycystic ovary syndrome women with obesity who attended the program before and during lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, we checked whether there were any differences in spontaneous pregnancy rates between both groups at the end of the program. Methods: Altogether, 27 women were prospectively included to the weight loss program. Twelve women attended the 8 – week program before COVID-19 pandemic. Fifteen women began the program before the lockdown and ended it during lockdown. Due to lockdown, the program was prolonged for 4 weeks and taken online. Results: On average, prior to lockdown women achieved a BMI reduction of 6.8% whereas women that attended the program during the lockdown reduced their BMI for 3.7%. This difference was not statistically significant. No significant differences were seen in other measured anthropometric and endocrine parameters between both groups. Furthermore, there were no differences in spontaneous pregnancy rates between both groups. In women who reduced their BMI for 5% or more, spontaneous pregnancy rate was 29.4%. Discussion/Conclusions: Although statistical significance has not been reached in the present study, we have shown that lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic has led to almost half lower BMI reduction despite adaptations and longer duration of the weight loss program. On average, BMI in the group of women that attended the program during lockdown was 3.7% lower after the end of the weight loss program. This means they did not reach the wanted 5% reduction which is known to improve fertility. We have also shown that weight reduction is the correct approach for treating infertile women with obesity, as almost 30% of those who reduced their body weight by 5% or more conceived spontaneously.
ARDS: Hohe Aussagekraft der elektrischen Impedanztomographie für Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Knoch Johannes
Published: November 2021

Background: In acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), non-ventilated perfused regions coexist with non-perfused ventilated regions within lungs. The number of unmatched regions might reflect ARDS severity and affect the risk of ventilation-induced lung injury. Despite pathophysiological relevance, unmatched ventilation and perfusion are not routinely assessed at the bedside. The aims of this study were to quantify unmatched ventilation and perfusion at the bedside by electrical impedance tomography (EIT) investigating their association with mortality in patients with ARDS and to explore the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on unmatched ventilation and perfusion in subgroups of patients with different ARDS severity based on PaO2/FiO2 and compliance. Methods: Prospective observational study in 50 patients with mild (36%), moderate (46%), and severe (18%) ARDS under clinical ventilation settings. EIT was applied to measure the regional distribution of ventilation and perfusion using central venous bolus of saline 5% during end-inspiratory pause. We defined unmatched units as the percentage of only ventilated units plus the percentage of only perfused units. Results: Percentage of unmatched units was significantly higher in non-survivors compared to survivors (32 [27–47]% vs. 21 [17–27]%, p < 0.001). Percentage of unmatched units was an independent predictor of mortality (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.07–1.39, p = 0.004) with an area under the ROC curve of 0.88 (95% CI 0.79–0.97, p < 0.001). The percentage of ventilation to the ventral region of the lung was higher than the percentage of ventilation to the dorsal region (32 [27–38]% vs. 18 [13–21]%, p < 0.001), while the opposite was true for perfusion (28 [22–38]% vs. 36 [32–44]%, p < 0.001). Higher percentage of only perfused units was correlated with lower dorsal ventilation (r = − 0.486, p < 0.001) and with lower PaO2/FiO2 ratio (r = -0.293, p = 0.039). Conclusions: EIT allows bedside assessment of unmatched ventilation and perfusion in mechanically ventilated patients with ARDS. Measurement of unmatched units could identify patients at higher risk of death and could guide personalized treatment.
Pleureaergüsse: Zytohistologie als wesentliche Option zum Ausschluss oder zur Bestätigung einer bösartigen Ursache
Authors: Stanzel Franz
Published: November 2021

The International System for Reporting Serous Fluid Cytology (TIS) was recently developed. Given its novelty, most studies looking into the risk of malignancy (ROM) of serous effusion diagnostic categories were published before the development of TIS. We searched the database of our department for pleural effusions diagnosed in the last five years, excluding those without a corresponding pleural biopsy. Cases were reviewed and reclassified according to the TIS. A cytohistological correlation was performed. In total, 350 pleural effusion specimens with one or more corresponding pleural biopsies were included. After reclassification, 5 (1.43%) were nondiagnostic (ND), 253 (72.29%) were negative for malignancy (NFM), 7 (2.00%) had atypia of unknown significance (AUS), 14 (4.00%) were suspicious for malignancy (SFM), and 71 (20.57%) were malignant (MAL). Calculated ROM was 40% for ND, 20.16% for NFM, 42.86% for AUS, 78.57% for SFM, and 100% for MAL. Effusion cytology sensitivity and specificity were 60.29% and 98.56%, respectively. This is the first publication looking into the cytohistological correlation of a retrospective cohort of pleural effusions based on the TIS. We add to the body of data regarding the ROM for TIS categories, highlighting areas of potential future research.
Improved Prognostic Precision in Uveal Melanoma through a Combined Score of Clinical Stage and Molecular Prognostication
Authors: Stacey Andrew W. , Dedania Vaidehi S. , Materin Miguel , Demirci Hakan
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Prognosis of uveal melanoma (UM) is assessed using clinical staging or molecular testing. Two modalities often used for prognostication are the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging and a tumor gene expression profile (GEP), the outcomes of which are often discordant. This article discusses a total risk score created to combine the discordant information from both sources. Methods: A retrospective case series was conducted of all patients presenting with UM over 6 years to 2 referral centers. Each tumor was classified using the AJCC and the GEP. A total risk score was calculated for each patient using results from both AJCC and GEP. Kaplan-Meier analysis of metastasis-free survival was used to compare groups. Results: A total of 294 patients were included in the study. Kaplan-Meier estimates showed significant curve separation between individual AJCC and GEP risk groups. The combined total risk score provided an accurate estimate of prognosis that incorporated results from both AJCC and GEP. Conclusions: Clinical staging and molecular prognostication of UM can be discordant. There is important information provided by each system that is not provided by the other. The total risk score provides a simple method to combine information from both AJCC stage and the GEP class in order to provide patients and care teams with a more complete understanding of metastatic risk.
Індексна оцінка у пацієнтів із генералізованими захворюваннями тканин пародонта та апікальними ускладненнями
Authors: Кінаш Ю. О. , Кінаш Л. В.
Published: November 2021

Поява системи індексної оцінки стану тканин пародонта, а в подальшому збільшення їх кількості, пов’язане з високим поширенням генералізованих захворювань тканин пародонта, що вимагає застосування комплексних і об’єктивних методів діагностики, зіставлення результатів досліджень, отриманих різними українськими та зарубіжними авторами.
Мета дослідження – вивчити ефективність методів індексної оцінки критерію руйнування періодонтальних зв’язок та пародонтального скринінг-дослідження за допомогою клінічних та додаткових методів діагностики, оцінити первинне стоматологічне втручання для пацієнтів із генералізованими захворюваннями тканин пародонта та апікальними ускладненнями й дати рекомендації для використання пародонтологічних індексів у системі практичної охорони здоров’я.
Матеріали і методи. На базі стоматологічного медичного центру Львівського національного медичного університету імені Данила Галицького з січня 2020 до січня 2021 р. було проліковано 25 пацієнтів із генералізованими захворюваннями тканин пародонта та апікальними ускладненнями з використанням кісткової аугментації (72 % хворих) та без використання – 28 % осіб.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Дослідження базується на клінічному обстеженні, включаючи додаткові методи діагностики з визначенням первинного стоматологічного лікування, яке могло б спричинити генералізовані захворювання тканин пародонта та індексній оцінці критерію руйнування періодонтальних зв’язок та PSR-індексу в 25 хворих, які були скеровані для комплексного лікування генералізованих захворювань тканин пародонта з апікальними ускладненнями. Серед 25 пацієнтів, які взяли участь у дослідженні і яких поділили за кольоровим показником залежно від віку, переважають хворі І та ІІ зрілого віку. Пацієнти І зрілого віку, яких позначили зеленим кольором, поділили на осіб чоловічої статі – 30 % (р<0,05) та жіночої статі – 26,7 % (р<0,05), що склали  28 % (р<0,05) від усіх хворих. Пацієнти ІІ зрілого віку, яких позначили жовтим кольором, отримали аналогічні результати. У хворих похилого віку, яких позначили помаранчевим кольором, серед осіб чоловічої статі – 20 % (р<0,05) та жіночої статі – 20 % (р<0,05), що склали 20 % (р<0,05) від усіх осіб. У хворих старечого віку, яких позначили червоним кольором, серед осіб чоловічої статі – 20 % (р<0,05) та жіночої статі – 26,7 % (р<0,05), що склали 24 % (р<0,05) від усіх хворих.
Висновки. Метод індексної оцінки дає можливість провести ситуаційний аналіз, тобто визначити поширеність й інтенсивність захворювання серед населення, а також проводити моніторинг і об’єктивно оцінювати ефективність проведення програм профілактики та лікування.
Біотехнології імплантації в аспекті застосування теорії хаосу
Authors: Бєліков О. Б. , Касіянчук М. В. , Фочук П. М.
Published: November 2021

У статті розглянуто актуальну проблему сучасної дентальної імплантології – стабілізацію ремоделювання кісткової тканини при застосуванні дентальних імплантатів, протетичне використання дискретних імплантат-протезів на тлі онкологічної патології, проявів COVID-19, вікових деструкційних змін в організмі людини. Автори запропонували застосовувати принцип Парето при діагностиці та реабілітації пацієнтів.

Мета дослідження – визначити доцільність застосування принципу Парето при протетичній реабілітації на імплантат-протезах.

Матеріали і методи. Імплантат-протетична реабілітація означає застосування кон’юнктивної системи протетичних конструкцій на базі імплантатів, інтегрованих у кістковій тканині. Ми використовували в аналізі чинників ефективність лікування після дентальної імплантації. А також методики протетичної реабілітації пацієнта, що базуються на біофізичних закономірностях з урахуванням репаративних можливостей анатомічних структур за принципом: дискретності фіксації протетичної конструкції: протези з дискретним часом фіксації. Статистичну обробку результатів проводили за стандартними методами варіаційної статистики та кореляційного аналізу з використанням пакета комп’ютерних програм Statistica 6.0 for Windows та QuattroPro 12.0 for.

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. З метою критичної оцінки метод протетичного лікування представлено в Університеті м. Кельн (Німеччина), курс професора Й. Е. Цоллера у 2006 р. Рекомендації врахували у подальшому при лабораторних етапах виготовлення протетичної конструкції. Оперативні маніпуляції проводив один оператор у стандартизованих умовах. Лабораторні етапи виконував також один спеціаліст в умовах спеціалізованої зуботехнічної лабораторії. У клінічних дослідженнях вибірку склали 120 пацієнтів (320 одиниць імплантат-протетичного лікування): лікування проводили за запропонованою методикою – основна група, застосовували еластичний корегований формувач ясен. Для порівняльного аналізу 30 пацієнтів склали контрольну групу, співставні за віком та статтю, яким імплантат-протетичне лікування проводили за загальноприйнятою методикою. Досліджено ефективність способу протезування на ангулярних та коротких імплантатах як засобу стабілізації атрофічних процесів анатомічних структур після втрати зубів, а також дисперсність факторів впливу на процес стабілізації ремоделювання кісткових структур у постімплантаційний період.

Висновки. У зв’язку з вищенаведеним, на засадах доказової медицини ми проаналізували ефективність застосування ергономічного способу протезування для виконання органозберігаючого оперативного втручання за умов, коли інші способи є не комфортними чи вимагають додаткових зусиль, вищої кваліфікації оператора, технічного забезпечення в клініці стоматології.
Noninvasive Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Dysfunction Programmed in Male Offspring of Adverse Pregnancy
Authors: Lakshman Rama , Spiroski Ana-Mishel , McIver Lauren B. , Murphy Michael P. , Giussani Dino A.
Published: November 2021

Work in preclinical animal models has established that pregnancy complicated by chronic fetal hypoxia and oxidative stress programmes cardiovascular dysfunction in adult offspring. Translating this to the human condition comes with challenges, including the early diagnosis of affected individuals to improve clinical outcomes. We hypothesize that components of programmed cardiovascular dysfunction in offspring can be identified in vivo via analysis of blood pressure variability and heart rate variability and that maternal treatment with the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ is protective. Pregnant rats were exposed to normoxia or hypoxia (13% O
2
) ±MitoQ (500 μM in water), from 6 to 20 days gestation. Offspring were maintained in normoxia postnatally. At 16 weeks of age, 1 male per litter was instrumented with vascular catheters and a femoral blood flow probe under isoflurane anesthesia. After recovery, arterial blood pressure and femoral flow were recorded in conscious, free-moving rats and analyzed. Offspring of hypoxic pregnancy had (1) increased very-low-frequency blood pressure variability (A) and heart rate variability (B), indices consistent with impaired endothelial function and (2) increased heart rate variability low/high-frequency ratio (C) and low-frequency blood pressure variability (D), indices of cardiac and vascular sympathetic hyperreactivity, respectively. MitoQ ameliorated A and B but not C and D. We show that asymptomatic cardiovascular dysfunction in adult offspring programmed by hypoxic pregnancy can be diagnosed in vivo by blood pressure variability and heart rate variability, suggesting that these noninvasive biomarkers could be translated to the clinical setting. MitoQ protected against programmed endothelial dysfunction but not sympathetic hyperreactivity, highlighting the divergent programming mechanisms involved.
CCR5 Activation Promotes NLRP1-Dependent Neuronal Pyroptosis via CCR5/PKA/CREB Pathway After Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Yan Jun , Xu Weilin , Lenahan Cameron , Huang Lei , Wen Jing , Li Gaigai , Hu Xin , Zheng Wen , Zhang John H. , Tang Jiping
Published: November 2021

Background and Purpose:

Neuronal pyroptosis is a type of regulated cell death triggered by proinflammatory signals. CCR5 (C-C chemokine receptor 5)-mediated inflammation is involved in the pathology of various neurological diseases. This study investigated the impact of CCR5 activation on neuronal pyroptosis and the underlying mechanism involving cAMP-dependent PKA (protein kinase A)/CREB (cAMP response element binding)/NLRP1 (nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat pyrin domain containing 1) pathway after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).

Methods:

A total of 194 adult male CD1 mice were used. ICH was induced by autologous whole blood injection. Maraviroc (MVC)—a selective antagonist of CCR5—was administered intranasally 1 hour after ICH. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, a specific CREB inhibitor, 666-15, was administered intracerebroventricularly before MVC administration in ICH mice. In a set of naive mice, rCCL5 (recombinant chemokine ligand 5) and selective PKA activator, 8-Bromo-cAMP, were administered intracerebroventricularly. Short- and long-term neurobehavioral assessments, Western blot, Fluoro-Jade C, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), and immunofluorescence staining were performed.

Results:

The brain expression of CCL5 (chemokine ligand 5), CCR5, PKA-Cα (protein kinase A-Cα), p-CREB (phospho-cAMP response element binding), and NLRP1 was increased, peaking at 24 hours after ICH. CCR5 was expressed on neurons, microglia, and astrocytes. MVC improved the short- and long-term neurobehavioral deficits and decreased neuronal pyroptosis in ipsilateral brain tissues at 24 hours after ICH, which were accompanied by increased PKA-Cα and p-CREB expression, and decreased expression of NLRP1, ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD), C-caspase-1, GSDMD (gasdermin D), and IL (interleukin)-1β/IL-18. Such effects of MVC were abolished by 666-15. At 24 hours after injection in naive mice, rCCL5 induced neurological deficits, decreased PKA-Cα and p-CREB expression in the brain, and upregulated NLRP1, ASC, C-caspase-1, N-GSDMD, and IL-1β/IL-18 expression. Those effects of rCCL5 were reversed by 8-Bromo-cAMP.

Conclusions:

CCR5 activation promoted neuronal pyroptosis and neurological deficits after ICH in mice, partially through the CCR5/PKA/CREB/NLRP1 signaling pathway. CCR5 inhibition with MVC may provide a promising therapeutic approach in managing patients with ICH.
New records of soldier flies from Iran with a current checklist and taxonomic notes to some species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)
Authors: JENTZSCH MATTHIAS , LIEBIG WOLF-HARALD
Published: November 2021

Soldier fly records of Iran belonging to six species are presented, which includes the first record of Odontomyia annulata (Meigen, 1822) and another record of Adoxomyia cinerascens (Loew, 1873). Odontomyia annulata shows some morphological differences from the description found in the literature. With the addition of O. annulata, the Iranian soldier fly fauna comprises now 48 species. The eastern border of the known range of this species extended to the eastern Black Sea coast and the north-western Caucasus region. Now it has been shifted about 1200 km to the east.
Scale Sensitivity of the Gill Circulation. Part I: Equatorial Case
Authors: Reboredo Beatriz , Bellon Gilles
Published: November 2021

We investigate the steady dynamical response of the atmosphere on the equatorial β plane to a steady, localized, midtropospheric heating source at the equator. Expanding Gill’s seminal work, we vary the latitudinal and longitudinal scales of the diabatic heating pattern while keeping its total amount fixed. We focus on characteristics of the response that would be particularly important if the circulation interacted with the hydrologic and energy cycles: the overturning circulation and the low-level wind. In the limit of very small scale in either the longitudinal or latitudinal direction, the vertical energy transport balances the diabatic heating and this sets the intensity of the overturning circulation. In this limit, a fast low-level westerly jet is located around the center of diabatic heating. With increasing longitudinal or latitudinal scale of the diabatic heating, the intensity of the overturning circulation decreases and the low-level westerly jet decreases in maximum velocity and spatial extent relative to the spatial extent of this heating. The associated low-level eastward mass transport decreases only with increasing longitudinal scale. These results suggest that moisture-convergence feedbacks will favor small-scale equatorial convective disturbances while surface-heat-flux feedbacks would favor small-scale disturbances in mean westerlies and large-scale disturbances in mean easterlies. Part II investigates the case of off-equatorial heating.
Implementation and Evaluation of a Double-Plume Convective Parameterization in NCAR CAM5
Authors: Chu Wenchao , Lin Yanluan , Zhao Ming
Published: November 2021

Performance of global climate models (GCMs) is strongly affected by the cumulus parameterization (CP) used. Similar to the approach in GFDL AM4, a double-plume CP, which unifies the deep and shallow convection in one framework, is implemented and tested in the NCAR Community Atmospheric Model version 5 (CAM5). Based on the University of Washington (UW) shallow convection scheme, an additional plume was added to represent the deep convection. The shallow and deep plumes share the same cloud model, but use different triggers, fractional mixing rates, and closures. The scheme was tested in single-column, short-term hindcast, and AMIP simulations. Compared with the default combination of the Zhang–McFarlane scheme and UW scheme in CAM5, the new scheme tends to produce a top-heavy mass flux profile during the active monsoon period in the single-column simulations. The scheme increases the intensity of tropical precipitation, closer to TRMM observations. The new scheme increased subtropical marine boundary layer clouds and high clouds over the deep tropics, both in better agreement with observations. Sensitivity tests indicate that regime-dependent fractional entrainment rates of the deep plume are desired to improve tropical precipitation distribution and upper troposphere temperature. This study suggests that a double-plume approach is a promising way to combine shallow and deep convections in a unified framework.
Effects of Smooth Divergence-Free Flows on Tracer Gradients and Spectra: Eulerian Prognosis Description
Authors: Resseguier Valentin , Chapron Bertrand , Mémin Etienne
Published: November 2021

Ocean eddies play an important role in the transport of heat, salt, nutrients, or pollutants. During a finite-time advection, the gradients of these tracers can increase or decrease, depending on a growth rate and the angle between flow gradients and initial tracer gradients. The growth rate is directly related to finite-time Lyapunov exponents. Numerous studies on mixing and/or tracer downscaling methods rely on satellite altimeter-derived ocean velocities. Filtering most oceanic small-scale eddies, the resulting smooth Eulerian velocities are often stationary during the characteristic time of tracer gradient growth. While smooth, these velocity fields are still locally misaligned, and thus uncorrelated, to many coarse-scale tracer observations amendable to downscaling [e.g., sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface salinity (SSS)]. Using finite-time advections, the averaged squared norm of tracer gradients can then only increase, with local growth rate independent of the initial coarse-scale tracer distribution. The key mixing processes are then only governed by locally uniform shears and foldings around stationary convective cells. To predict the tracer deformations and the evolution of their second-order statistics, an efficient proxy is proposed. Applied to a single velocity snapshot, this proxy extends the Okubo–Weiss criterion. For the Lagrangian-advection-based downscaling methods, it further successfully predicts the evolution of tracer spectral energy density after a finite time, and the optimal time to stop the downscaling operation. A practical estimation can then be proposed to define an effective parameterization of the horizontal eddy diffusivity.

Significance Statement

An analytical formalism is adopted to derive new exact and approximate relations that express the clustering of tracers transported by upper-ocean flows. This formalism bridges previous Eulerian and Lagrangian approaches. Accordingly, for slow and smooth upper-ocean flows, a rapid prognosis estimate can solely be performed using single-time velocity field observations. Well suited to satellite-altimeter measurements, it will help rapidly identify and monitor mixing regions occurring in the vicinity of ocean eddy boundaries.
Competition Policy and State Enterprises in the U.K.
Authors: Chiplin Brian , Wright Mike
Published: November 2021

The application of competition policy to nationalized industries (state enterprises) has been strengthened recently in the United Kingdom. Section 11(1) of the 1980 Competition Act broadened the Monopolies Commission oversight of state enterprises. In practice, the Commission will conduct an efficiency audit of each major nationalized industry every four years. The Commission will focus its review on the quality of services, manpower utilization and productivity, and pricing, distribution and purchasing methods of the state enterprise. These efficiency audits have been fairly well received. Their cost-effectiveness and the follow-through on the Commission's recommendations remain to be demonstrated.
An Interactive Family Tourism Decision Model
Authors: Li Mimi , Lin Guyang , Feng Xiaohong
Published: November 2021

To establish an interactive model reflecting how children’s involvement in family tourism decisions interacts with internal and external factors, this study examines the interrelationships between children’s individual characteristics (tourism knowledge and tourism attachment), parental characteristics (socio- and concept-orientation family communication patterns), and children’s influence on family tourism decision making (initiation and search/decision stages) using structural equation modeling. Results reveal that tourism knowledge and socio- and concept-orientation patterns are positively related to children’s influence on both decision stages. Specifically, tourism knowledge mediates relationships between socio- and concept-orientation patterns and children’s influence on the initiation stage; tourism attachment mediates the relationship between the concept-orientation pattern and children’s influence on the initiation stage. Lastly, theoretical and managerial implications of these findings are discussed.
The Revista Ştiinţifică “Vasile Adamachi” and its role in forming national and international scientific awareness of Greater Romania, 1910–1933
Authors: Chiriac Alexandra
Published: November 2021

The Revista Ştiinţifică “Vasile Adamachi” (1910–1948) had aimed since its first edition to disseminate the newest achievements of science to the interested general public with the explicit intention of building national consciousness and solidarity that would forward Romania’s natural powers through science. Even though the editors of the journal had complained constantly that their efforts to promote the national scientific movement were making slow progress, they maintained their openness toward the international state of research by publishing notes and reviews of the main scientific developments worldwide. Caught between those two ideals (that of a Romanian science and of keeping up with the international scientific scene), the journal reflects the struggles, the difficulties, but also the successes of the individual researchers, acting as a two-way communication channel between science producers and consumers. It provides us with a valuable insight into the Self versus Other perception in a time when contact between the Romanian and Western European cultures was beginning to consciously evolve from mere imitation of a dominant power to the incorporation of fragmented foreign categories. It is a perfect example of ‘patchwork’, in which the native and foreign elements coexisted in a continuous process of redefining and reshaping the newly formed national identity.