bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Web-Based Tobacco Cessation Interventions and Digital Inequality across US Racial/Ethnic Groups
Authors: Webb Hooper Monica , Carpenter Kelly M. , Salmon Erica E.
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Internet-based tobacco ces­sation programs have increased in use and popularity in recent years. To examine evi­dence for racial/ethnic digital inequality in web-only tobacco cessation services offered by US tobacco quitlines, we conducted an analysis of quitline enrollees in five states. We hypothesized that racial/ethnic minori­ties would demonstrate lower enrollment and utilization of a web-only tobacco cessa­tion program.Methods: The sample includes enrollees into five state quitlines whose service op­tions included a web-only program in 2015 (N=32,989). Outcomes included web-entry into the quitline, web-only enrollment, establishment of a web account, and the number of times users logged into the pro­gram. Regression models tested associations with race/ethnicity.Results: Compared with Whites, African Americans, Hispanics, American Indians/ Alaska Natives, and “others” were less likely to enter the quitline via the web (Ps<.01) and enroll in a web-only (vs counsel­ing) program (Ps<.01). Among web-only program enrollees, all racial/ethnic minority groups were significantly less likely than Whites to establish an online account (Ps<.03), and African Americans were less likely than Whites to log in to the web-only service (P<.01).Conclusions: This study suggests that digital inequalities exist in web-based tobacco ces­sation services. Findings have implications for the development and implementation of digital tobacco interventions for racial/ethnic minority communities. The proliferation of digital tobacco interventions could increase disparities, as members of racial/ethnic minority groups may not engage in these interventions.Implications: The proliferation of digital interventions has the potential to increase tobacco-related disparities, as members of racial/ethnic minority groups may not enroll in, or engage in, such interventions. As the field moves to digitize tobacco interven­tions, we must remain cognizant of persis­tent digital inequalities and the potential for widening racial/ethnic tobacco cessation disparities. Ethn Dis. 2019;29(3):495-504; doi:10.18865/ed.29.3.495
Evaluation of Adaptation and Production of Three Selected Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Peat Land Area of Central Kalimantan
Authors: Fitriani Hani , Hartati N. Sri , Sudarmonowati Enny
Published: July 2019

Along with the increasing the of the land-use change of the fertile agricultural land in Java, the better awareness has been subjected to the importance of function peat land for agricultural development. Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a tuber plant that potentially developed as important carbohydrate source. The objective of this research was to identify superior cassava variety candidate of selected cassava developed by of Research Centre Biotechnology, LIPI which has high adaptation capability and yield in Central Kalimantan peat land area. This research was conducted from July 2010 through May 2011 in Central Kalimantan Province (Kalampangan dan Pulang Pisau in total of area 1.5 and 2.25 ha respectively). There were three genotypes of cassava tested, i.e. Iding (high amylose), Gebang (low amylose), and Menti (high starch) compared to Adira 4 (35 ton/ha) and Darul Hidayah (102.1 ton/ha). The variables observed were plant height (cm) and tuber weight (grams). Observations were conducted at the age of 10 months. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. The results showed that the plant height and yield were higher in Pulang Pisau than Kalampangan even though the difference is not significant (P ≤ 0,05). Darul Hidayah has highest plant height and yield, 229.8 cm and 2271 g respectively among other genotypes/varieties grown at Pulang Pisau even though the value was not significant, whereas in Kalampangan, Darul Hidayah showed the lowest yield (670 g). Based on the data obtained, the Darul Hidayah variety can be cultivated by farmers in Pulang Pisau peat land to fulfill the availability of superior cassava seedlings for food, feed and industry. Keywords: Peat, tuber yield, plant height, liquid organic fertilizer, yam wood.
Catalytic Conversion From Plastic Waste by Silica-Alumina-Ceramic Catalyst to Produce an Alternative Fuel Hydrocarbon Fraction
Authors: Juwono Hendro , Tri Sujadmiko M. Arif , Fauziah Laily , Ayyun Ismi Qurrota
Published: July 2019

Liquid fuels from polypropylene plastic waste have been successfully performed by catalytic cracking method. The catalyst used is Al-MCM-41- Ceramics. The catalyst was characterized by XRD, SEM, Pyridine-FTIR, N2-Adsorption-Desorption, and the product of catalytic cracking were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The catalyst was using three times at sample notify A,B and C. The results showed liquid fuels have the largest percentage of gasoline (C8-C12) are 92.76; 91.92 and 90.58 percent fraction produced. The performance of catalyst showed that reuseability number were decrease, but the charactersitic of liquid fuel produced were also be agreeable to commercial gasoline standard. Keywords: olypropylene waste plastics, liquid fuels, catalytic conversion, Al-MCM-41-Cer catalyst, reuseability number.
On Plastic Dislocation Density Tensor
Authors: Sun Bohua
Published: July 2019

This letter attempts to clarify an issue regarding the proper definition of plastic dislocation density tensor. This study shows that the Ortiz’s and Berdichevsky’s plastic dislocation density tensor are equivalent with each other, but not with Kondo’s one. To fix the problem, we propose a modified version of Kondo’s plastic dislocation density tensor.
The Sharp Bound of the Hankel Determinant of the Third Kind for Starlike Functions with Real Coefficients
Authors: Kwon Oh Sang , Sim Young Jae
Published: July 2019

Let ${\mathcal{SR}}^*$ be the class of starlike functions with real coefficients, i.e., the class of analytic functions $f$ which satisfy the condition $f(0)=0=f'(0)-1$, Re{z f'(z) / f (z)} > 0, for $z\in\mathbb{D}:=\{z\in\mathbb{C}:|z|<1 \}$ and $a_n:=f^{(n)}(0)/n!$ is real for all $n\in\mathbb{N}$. In the present paper, the sharp estimates of the third Hankel determinant $H_{3,1}$ over the class ${\mathcal{SR}}^*$ are computed.
Core-Shell Nanofiber Containing Large Amount of Flame Retardants via Coaxial Dual-Nozzle Electrospinning as Battery Separators
Authors: Liang Zheng , Zhao Yun , Yang Shaobin
Published: July 2019

Li-ion batteries have attracted enormous interests recently as promising power sources. However, the safety issue associated with the employment of highly flammable liquid electrolyte impedes the further development of next-generation Li-ion batteries. Recently, researchers reported the use of electrospun core-shell fiber as the battery separator consisting of polymer layer as protective shell and flame retardants loaded inside as core. In case of a typical battery shorting, the protective polymer shell melts during thermal-runaway and the flame retardants inside would be released to suppress the combustion of the electrolyte. Due to the use of a single precursor solution for electrospinning containing both polymer and flame retardants, the weight ratio of flame retardants is limited and dependent. Herein, we developed a dual-nozzle, coaxial electrospinning approach to fabricate the core-shell nanofiber with a greatly enhanced flame retardants weight percentage in the final fibers. The weight ratio of flame retardants of triphenyl phosphate in the final composite reaches over 60 wt.%. The LiFePO4-based cell using this composite nanofiber as battery separator exhibits excellent flame-retardant property without compromising the cycling stability or rate performances. In addition, this functional nanofiber can also be coated onto commercial separators instead of being used directly as separators.
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Ketersediaan Ruang Terbuka Hijau pada Setiap Dominasi Penggunaan Lahan (Studi Kasus: Kota Surakarta)
Authors: Prabowoningsih Nida Hayu , Putri Rufia Andisetyana , Rini Erma Fitria
Published: July 2019

Abstrak

Pemerintah Kota Surakarta berupaya meminimalisir emisi dengan penyediaan ruang terbuka hijau. Kondisi eksisting RTH publik sebesar 12.74% dari luas Kota Surakarta, angka tersebut menggambarkan bahwa ruang terbuka hijau eksisting di Kota Surakarta belum dapat memenuhi standar RTH publik 20%. Selain itu, menurut Permen PU No 5 Tahun 2008 menjelaskan bahwa RTH pada karakteristik guna lahan yang berbeda, maka arahan RTH juga berbeda. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor- faktor yang mempengaruhi ketersediaan ruang terbuka hijau pada setiap dominasi penggunaan lahan di kota surakarta. Faktor- faktor yang mempengaruhi ketersediaan ruang terbuka hijau pada setiap dominasi penggunaan lahan di Kota Surakarta, yaitu ketersediaan anggaran, alokasi ruang terbuka hijau dalam perencanaan tata ruang, implementasi rencana kerja terkait RTH, penghargaan dalam program penghijauan, pelaksana program, partisipasi masyarakat, pengaruh tokoh masyarakat, keberadaan komunitas hijau, daya serap pohon terhadap CO2, ketersediaan lahan, nilai lahan, dan pengawasan pengendalian tata guna lahan. Analisis AHP digunakan untuk mengetahui tingkatan faktor yang mempengaruhi ketersediaan ruang terbuka hijau. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan setiap dominasi penggunaan lahan industri, perumahan, perdagangan jasa, perlindungan setempat, dan ruang terbuka memiliki faktor prioritas yang berbeda- beda. Faktor utama yang paling berpengaruh di zona industri adalah pengawasan pengendalian tata guna lahan, zona perumahan dan perdagangan jasa adalah alokasi ruang terbuka hijau dalam perencanaan tata ruang, zona perlindungan setempat adalah ketersediaan anggaran, sedangkan zona ruang terbuka adalah daya serap pohon terhadap CO2.

 

Kata Kunci: ketersediaan, faktor, penggunaan lahan, ruang terbuka hijau
Modal Sosial, Ketahanan Pangan dan Pertanian Berkelanjutan Desa Ngadireso, Indonesia
Authors: Prayitno Gunawan , Maulida RF Baiq , Nugraha Achmad T
Published: July 2019

Desa Ngadireso, Kecamatan Poncokusumo, Kabupaten Malang, memiliki potensi pertanian sebagai daerah subur dan sumber air yang memadai. Akan tetapi ketahanan pangan masih merupakan persoalan bagi desa ini, karena kebanyakan masyarakat bekerja sebagai petani dengan kepemilikan lahan terbatas atau bahkan tanpa lahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur bagaimana tipologi desa serta mengidentifikasi bagaimana modal sosial berpengaruh terhadap pertanian berkelanjutan. Hasil analisa tipologi desa menunjukkan desa termasuk dalam tipologi desa pertanian. Berdasarkan analisa ketahanan pangan dengan metode komposit diperoleh nilai aspek ketersediaan 0:57 (cukup baik), sedangkan aspek aksesibilitas pangan dan pemanfaatn pangan memiliki nilai yang sama 23,91 (kurang baik). Sedangkan hasil perhitungan indeks komposit indikator ketahanan pangan, diperoleh nilai indeks 0,77 yang menunjukkan bahwa Desa Ngadireso termasuk dalam desa rawan pangan. Hasil analisa modal sosial menunjukkan pengaruh yang kuat dari jaringan sosial dan norma. Hubungan yang terbentuk antara modal sosial dengan ketahanan pangan dan pertanian berkelanjutan menunjukkan bahwa jaringan sosial dan norma-norma yang terkait dengan ketahanan pangan memiliki nilai-nilai positif dan signifikan, sementara keamanan pangan dan pertanian berkelanjutan memiliki nilai-nilai positif. Modal sosial memberikan nilai positif terhadap pertanian berkelanjutan, artinya semakin tinggi modal social akan mendorong masyarakat untuk untuk tetap mempertahankan pertanian di desa yang mendorong pertanian berkelanjutan.
Ongoing Disparities in Prediagnosis Preexposure Prophylaxis Use Among Persons Recently Diagnosed With HIV in New York City, 2015–2017
Authors: Misra Kavita , Huang Jamie S. , Udeagu Chi-Chi N.
Published: July 2019

Objectives. To quantify sociodemographic disparities in prediagnosis preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use in persons recently diagnosed with HIV in New York City and assigned for partner services.

Methods. We used partner services data from November 2015 to September 2017 from persons diagnosed with HIV in the past 12 months (n = 3739) to compare individuals with self-reported or documented pre–HIV diagnosis PrEP use (“prediagnosis PrEP users”) with those having none (“never users”). We constructed a penalized likelihood regression model generating sociodemographic predictors of prediagnosis PrEP use, employing Firth’s adjustment for the rare outcome.

Results. We found report of prediagnosis PrEP use in 95 persons (3%). The adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of prediagnosis PrEP use were lower among non-Hispanic Blacks (AOR = 0.18; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.09, 0.32) and Hispanics (AOR = 0.31; 95% CI = 0.17, 0.55) than among non-Hispanic Whites, among persons aged 30 years or older (AOR = 0.45; 95% CI = 0.28, 0.72) than those younger than 30 years, among cis-women (AOR = 0.13; 95% CI = 0.02, 0.48) than cis-men, and among residents of Queens (AOR = 0.25; 95% CI = 0.10, 0.55) than those of Manhattan.

Conclusions. Disparities in HIV prevention based on race/ethnicity, gender, age, and local geography may manifest themselves in differential PrEP use.
Health Toll From Open Flame and Cigarette-Started Fires on Flame-Retardant Furniture in Massachusetts, 2003–2016
Authors: Rodgers Kathryn M. , Swetschinski Lucien R. , Dodson Robin E. , Alpert Hillel R. , Fleming Joseph M. , Rudel Ruthann A.
Published: July 2019

Objectives. To evaluate the risk of death and injury in residential fires started on upholstered furniture, with a focus on open flame and cigarette-related heat sources.

Methods. We used civilian death and injury data from 34 081 residential fires in the Massachusetts Fire Incident Reporting System from 2003 to 2016. We compared outcomes associated with fires that started on upholstered furniture ignited by smoking materials versus open flames.

Results. Although fires starting on upholstered furniture were not common (2.2% of total fires), odds of death and injury were significantly higher in these fires than in fires started on other substrates. Among furniture fires, odds of death were 3 times greater when those fires were ignited by smoking materials than when ignited by open flames (odds ratio = 3.4; 95% confidence interval = 1.3, 10.9).

Conclusions. Furniture fires started by smoking materials were associated with more deaths than were furniture fires started by open flames.

Public Health Implications. Historically, furniture flammability regulations have focused on open flame heat sources, resulting in the addition of toxic flame retardants to furniture. Interventions to reduce deaths should instead focus on smoking materials.
Effects of the Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion on Subjective Well-Being in the US Adult Population, 2010–2016
Authors: Kobayashi Lindsay C. , Altindag Onur , Truskinovsky Yulya , Berkman Lisa F.
Published: July 2019

Objectives. To determine whether the 2014 Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansion affected well-being in the low-income and general adult US populations.

Methods. We obtained data from adults aged 18 to 64 years in the nationally representative Gallup-Sharecare Well-Being Index from 2010 to 2016 (n = 1 674 953). We used a difference-in-differences analysis to compare access to and difficulty affording health care and subjective well-being outcomes (happiness, sadness, worry, stress, and life satisfaction) before and after Medicaid expansion in states that did and did not expand Medicaid.

Results. Access to health care increased, and difficulty affording health care declined following the Medicaid expansion. Medicaid expansion was not associated with changes to emotional states or life satisfaction over the study period in either the low-income population who newly gained health insurance or in the general adult population as a spillover effect of the policy change.

Conclusions. Although the public health benefits of the Medicaid expansion are increasingly apparent, improved population well-being does not appear to be among them.

Public Health Implications. Subjective well-being indicators may not be informative enough to evaluate the public health impact of expanded health insurance.
Effect of the Affordable Care Act’s Medicaid Expansions on Food Security, 2010–2016
Authors: Himmelstein Gracie
Published: July 2019

Objectives. To examine whether the expansion of Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) decreased the prevalence of severe food insecurity.

Methods. With data on adult respondents to the Food Security Supplement to the Current Population Survey in US states for the years 2010 to 2013 and 2015 to 2016, I used a difference-in-difference design to compare trends in very low food security (VLFS) among low-income childless adults in states that did and did not expand Medicaid in 2014 under the ACA.

Results. Among low-income, nonelderly childless adults, VLFS rose from 17.4% before ACA to 17.5% after ACA in nonexpansion states, and fell from 17.6% to 15.9% in expansion states. In difference-in-difference analysis, Medicaid expansion was associated with a significant adjusted 2.2-percentage-point decline in rates of VLFS, equivalent to a 12.5% relative reduction.

Conclusions. The improvement in food security after the ACA’s health insurance expansion suggests that health insurance provision has spillover effects that reduce other dimensions of poverty.

Public Health Implications. Providing free or low-cost health insurance coverage may free up household funds, reducing food insecurity and improving this important social determinant of health.
Geographic Access to Preexposure Prophylaxis Clinics Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States
Authors: Siegler Aaron J. , Bratcher Anna , Weiss Kevin M.
Published: July 2019

Objectives. To explore US geographic areas with limited access to HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) providers, PrEP deserts.

Methods. We sourced publicly listed PrEP providers from a national database of PrEP providers from 2017 and obtained county-level urbanicity classification and population estimates of men who have sex with men (MSM) from public data. We calculated travel time from census tract to the nearest provider. We classified a census tract as a PrEP desert if 1-way driving time was greater than 30 or 60 minutes.

Results. One in 8 PrEP-eligible MSM (108 758/844 574; 13%) lived in 30-minute-drive deserts, and a sizable minority lived in 60-minute-drive deserts (38 804/844 574; 5%). Location in the South and lower urbanicity were strongly associated with increased odds of PrEP desert status.

Conclusions. A substantial number of persons at high risk for HIV transmission live in locations with no nearby PrEP provider. Rural and Southern areas are disproportionately affected.

Public Health Implications. For maximum implementation effectiveness of PrEP, geography should not determine access. Programs to train clinicians, expand venues for PrEP care, and provide telemedicine services are needed.
Generational Differences in Grit, Self-Control, and Conscientiousness Among Orthopaedic Surgeons
Authors: Samuelsen Brian T. , Desai Vishal S. , Turner Norman S. , Kelly Anne M. , Grawe Brian , Camp Christopher L.
Published: July 2019

Background:

The training process and practice of orthopaedic surgery is demanding and arduous. Accordingly, grit, self-control, and conscientiousness are desirable qualities in orthopaedic surgeons. Some established orthopaedists have expressed concern that the future generation of surgeons may not possess the same level of grit as their predecessors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate levels of grit among attending orthopaedic surgeons, identify predictors of grit in orthopaedic surgeons, and compare grit scores between attending surgeons and orthopaedic residency applicants. We hypothesized that applicants would demonstrate lower grit and self-control scores but greater conscientiousness scores than attending surgeons.

Methods:

A total of 2,342 attending orthopaedic surgeons and 895 orthopaedic residency applicants from the 2016-2017 National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) were given surveys that quantified their grit, self-control, and conscientiousness. Demographic and career information also was collected.

Results:

Assessments were completed by 655 (28%) of 2,342 practicing orthopaedic surgeons and 455 (50.8%) of 895 orthopaedic residency applicants. The residency applicants demonstrated higher mean grit scores (4.12 of 5.0) than the attending orthopaedic surgeons (4.03) (p < 0.01). These average scores placed applicants and attending surgeons at the 70th and 65th percentile, respectively, when compared with the general population. There were no differences in self-control (p = 0.68) or conscientiousness (p = 0.93) between the 2 groups. Attending surgeons with more publications had increased grit (p < 0.01), self-control (p = 0.04), and conscientiousness (p = 0.01) scores. Attending surgeons who had been inducted into the Alpha Omega Alpha honor society as medical students demonstrated greater conscientiousness scores than those who were not members (p = 0.04).

Conclusions:

Orthopaedic residency applicants were at least as gritty, consistent in their interest, persevering in their efforts, and ambitious as currently practicing orthopaedic surgeons. Although these results may be encouraging and diverge from some preconceived perceptions of “millennials,” it is unclear if they will be predictive of career success in the next generation of orthopaedists.
The Odom Criteria: Validated at Last
Authors: Broekema Anne E.H. , Molenberg Rob , Kuijlen Jos M.A. , Groen Rob J.M. , Reneman Michiel F. , Soer Remko
Published: July 2019

Background:

The Odom criteria, established in 1958, are a widely used, 4-point rating scale for assessing the clinical outcome after cervical spine surgery. Surprisingly, the Odom criteria have never been validated, to our knowledge. The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of the Odom criteria for the evaluation of surgical procedures of the cervical spine.

Methods:

Patients with degenerative cervical spine disease were included in the study and divided into 2 subgroups on the basis of their most predominant symptom: myelopathy or radiculopathy. Reliability was assessed with interrater and test-retest design using quadratic weighted kappa coefficients. Construct validity was assessed by means of hypotheses testing. To evaluate whether the Odom criteria could act as a global perceived effect (GPE) scale, we assessed concurrent validity by comparing area under the curve (AUC) values of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the set of questionnaires.

Results:

A total of 110 patients were included in the study; 19 were excluded, leaving 91 in our analysis. Reliability assessments showed κ = 0.77 for overall interrater reliability and κ = 0.93 for overall test-retest reliability. Interrater reliability was κ = 0.81 for the radiculopathy subgroup and κ = 0.68 for the myelopathy subgroup. At least 75% of the hypotheses were met. The AUCs showed similar characteristics between the Odom criteria and GPE scale.

Conclusions:

The Odom criteria met the predefined criteria for reliability and validity. Therefore, the Odom criteria may be used to assess surgical outcome after a cervical spine procedure, specifically for patients presenting with radicular symptoms. The results of previous studies that have been deemed less trustworthy because of the use of the Odom criteria should be reconsidered.
Posterior Acromial Morphology Is Significantly Associated with Posterior Shoulder Instability
Authors: Meyer Dominik C. , Ernstbrunner Lukas , Boyce Glenn , Imam Mohamed A. , El Nashar Rany , Gerber Christian
Published: July 2019

Background:

The purpose of this paper was to determine whether acromial morphology influences anteroposterior shoulder stability. We hypothesized that a more horizontal and higher position of the acromion in the sagittal plane would be associated with posterior instability.

Methods:

In this retrospective study, patients with unidirectional posterior instability were age and sex-matched to a cohort of patients with unidirectional anterior instability. Both cohorts were compared with a control group of patients with no instability and no degenerative glenohumeral (rotator cuff and/or joint surface) or acromial changes. Measurements on radiographs included posterior acromial tilt, anterior and posterior acromial coverage (AAC and PAC), posterior acromial height (PAH), and the critical shoulder angle (CSA).

Results:

The number of patients enrolled in each instability group was 41, based on a priori power analysis. The control group consisted of 53 shoulders. Of the measured anatomic factors, PAH showed the most significant association with posterior instability (odds ratio [OR] = 1.8; p < 0.001) in the logistic regression model. PAH was significantly greater in the posterior instability group compared with the anterior instability group (30.9 versus 19.5 mm; p < 0.001). With a cutoff value of PAH of 23 mm, the OR for posterior instability was 39. Shoulders with posterior instability were also significantly different from normal shoulders with regard to PAH (p < 0.001), AAC (p < 0.001), and PAC (p < 0.001) whereas, in the shoulders with anterior instability, all of these values except the AAC (p = 0.011) did not differ from those of normal shoulders.

Conclusions:

Specific acromial morphology is significantly associated with the direction of glenohumeral instability. In shoulders with posterior instability, the acromion is situated higher and is oriented more horizontally in the sagittal plane than in normal shoulders and those with anterior instability; this acromial position may provide less osseous restraint against posterior humeral head translation. A steep “Swiss chalet roof-type” acromion virtually excluded recurrent posterior instability in an albeit relatively small cohort of patients. Additional investigation is needed to determine the relevance of these findings for future treatment.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Reduced Revision Risk for Dual-Mobility Cup in Total Hip Replacement Due to Hip Fracture
Authors: Jobory Ammar , Kärrholm Johan , Overgaard Søren , Becic Pedersen Alma , Hallan Geir , Gjertsen Jan-Erik , Mäkelä Keijo , Rogmark Cecilia
Published: July 2019

Background:

The dual-mobility acetabular cup (DMC) has an additional bearing consisting of a mobile polyethylene component between the prosthetic head and the outer metal shell. This design has gained popularity in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) and in primary treatment of femoral neck fractures with the anticipation of a reduced risk of THA instability. Our primary aim was to evaluate the overall revision risk of these cups on the basis of data from the Nordic Arthroplasty Register Association (NARA) database, and our secondary aim was to study specific revision causes including dislocation.

Methods:

Propensity score matching for age, sex, fixation of the cup and stem, and the year of surgery (2001 to 2014) was used to match 4,520 hip fractures treated with a DMC to 4,520 hip fractures treated with conventional THA (control group). Competing risk regression analyses with revision or death as the end point were used. Revision was defined as a secondary surgical procedure in which any component of the implant was removed or exchanged. In addition, revision of the cup was analyzed.

Results:

The DMCs had a lower risk of revision compared with conventional THA, with an adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) of 0.75 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.62 to 0.92). This was consistent after adjusting for surgical approach. DMCs had a lower risk of revision due to dislocation (AHR = 0.45 [95% CI = 0.30 to 0.68]) but we found no difference regarding revision for deep infection. Revision of the acetabular component, both in general and due to dislocation, was more frequent with the use of conventional cups. The risk of death was higher in the DMC group (AHR = 1.49 [95% CI = 1.40 to 1.59]).

Conclusions:

The use of a DMC as primary treatment for hip fracture was associated with a lower risk of revision in general and due to dislocation in particular. The total number of DMCs analyzed (4,520) likely exceeds any cohort of DMC-treated fractures published to date.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A Novel Treatment for Anterior Shoulder Instability
Authors: Willemsen Koen , Berendes Thomas D. , Geurkink Timon , Bleys Ronald L.A.W. , Leeflang Marius A. , Weinans Harrie , Castelein René M. , Nelissen Rob G.H.H. , van der Wal Bart C.H.
Published: July 2019

Background:

Anterior glenohumeral instability with >20% glenoid bone loss is a disorder that can be treated with the Latarjet stabilizing procedure; however, complications are common. The purposes of this study were to (1) evaluate the effect of an anatomic-specific titanium implant produced by 3-dimensional (3D) printing as a treatment option for recurrent shoulder instability with substantial glenoid bone loss and (2) compare the use of that implant with the Latarjet procedure.

Methods:

Ten fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders (mean age at the time of death, 78 years) were tested in a biomechanical setup with the humerus in 30° of abduction and in neutral rotation. The shoulders were tested under 5 different conditions: (1) normal situation, (2) creation of an anterior glenoid defect, (3) implantation of an anatomic-specific titanium implant produced by 3D printing, and the Latarjet procedure (4) with and (5) without 10 N of load attached to the conjoined tendon. In each condition, the humerus was translated 10 mm anteriorly relative to the glenoid, and the maximum peak translational force that was necessary for this translation was measured.

Results:

After creation of the glenoid defect, the mean translational peak force decreased by 30% ± 6% compared with that for the normal shoulder. After restoration of the original glenoid anatomy, the translational force needed to dislocate the humeral head from the glenoid significantly increased compared with that in the defect condition—to 119% ± 16% of normal (p < 0.01) with the 3D-printed anatomic-specific implant and to 121% ± 48% of normal (p < 0.01) following the Latarjet procedure. No significant differences in mean translational force were found between the anatomic-specific implant and the Latarjet procedure (p = 0.72).

Conclusions:

The mean translational peak force needed to dislocate the humerus 10 mm anteriorly on the glenoid was higher after glenoid restoration with the 3D-printed anatomic-specific implant compared with when the glenoid had a 20% surface defect but also compared with when the glenoid was intact. No differences in mean translational peak force were found between the 3D-printed anatomic-specific glenoid implant and the Latarjet procedure, although there was less variability in the 3D-implant condition.

Clinical Relevance:

Novel 3D-printing technology could provide a reliable patient-specific alternative to solve problems related to traditional treatment methods for shoulder instability.
A changing profile of infective endocarditis at a tertiary hospital in China: A retrospective study from 2001 to 2018
Authors: Ren Zuning , Mo Xichao , Chen Hongjie , Peng Jie
Published: July 2019

Background: Infective endocarditis (IE) is a lethal disease which has been changing significantly over the past decades; however, information about IE in China remains scarce. This study surveyed the changes in clinical characteristics of IE at a tertiary hospital in southern China over a period of nearly eighteen years.
Methods: Medical records with IE patients consecutively hospitalized between June 2001 and June 2018 were selected from the electronic medical records system in Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University. Data were divided by admission time into two groups: early-period group, June 2001 to December 2009 and later-period group, January 2010 to July 2018.
Results: A Total of 313 IE patients were included in our study. Compared with the early-period group, patients in the later-period group included fewer intravenous drug users (IVDU), older age at onset, reduced development of pulmonary embolism, less renal dysfunction, decreased proportion of Staphylococcus aureus infection and fewer vegetations observed in the right heart by echocardiography. The later-period group also showed a higher proportion of ischemic strokes and higher rate of whole-blood culture positive compared with the early-period group. The in-hospital mortality rate remained about the same between the two periods.
Conclusions: Our study demonstrated a dramatic change in the profile and characteristics of IE over a period of eighteen years at a tertiary hospital in southern China, especially the decrease in intravenous drug users (IVDU), which might be responsible for many other changes.
Geriatric scores can predict long-term survival rate after hip fracture surgery
Authors: Casa Carmen da , Pablos-Hernández Carmen , González-Ramírez Alfonso , Julián-Enriquez José Miguel , Blanco Juan F
Published: July 2019

Background: The management of hip fractures is nowadays mainly performed in Orthogeriatric Units, one of whose fundamental tools is the application of geriatric scores. The purpose of this study is to establish the potential usefulness of Barthel Index, Katz Index, Lawton-Brody Index and Physical Red Cross Scale geriatric scores as predictors of survival rate and readmission rate in older patients after hip fracture surgery. Methods: We designed a prospective single-center observational study, including 207 older adults over age 65 who underwent hip fracture surgery in the first half of 2014 and followed up to September 2018. Cumulative survival and readmission rates were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier; group comparison, by Log-Rank and hazard ratio, by Cox regression. Results: We found statistical differences (p<0.001) for cumulative survival rate by every geriatric score analyzed (BI HR=0.98 [0.97,0.99]; KI HR=1.24 [1.13-1.37]; LBI HR= 1.25 [1.16, 1.36]; PCRS HR=1.67 [1.37,2.04]). Furthermore, we could determinate an inflection point for survival estimation by Barthel Index (BI 0-55/60-100*, p<0.001, HR=2.37 [1.59,3.53]), Katz Index (KI A-B*/C-G, p<0.001, HR=2.66 [1.80, 3.93], and Lawton-Brody Index (LBI 0-3/4-8*, p<0.001, HR=3.40 [2.09,5.25]). We reveal a correlation of the Charlson Index (p=0.002) and Katz Index (p=0.041) with number of readmissions for the study period. Conclusions: The geriatric scores analyzed are related to the cumulative survival rate after hip fracture surgery for more than 4 years, independently of other clinical and demographic factors. Katz Index in combination with Charlson Index could also be a potential predictor of the number of readmissions after surgery for hip fracture patients.
Novel Reconstruction Using Roux-en-Y Plus Antral Obstruction Following Proximal Gastrectomy: Feasibility and Quality of Life Benefits
Authors: Yang Dejun , Wang Changming , Fu Hongbing , Wei Ziran , Zhang Xin , Hu Zunqi , Zhang Yu , Cai Qingping
Published: July 2019

Background and Aims Routine gastroesophagostomy has been shown to have adverse effects on the recovery of digestive functions and quality of life because patients typically experience reflux symptoms after proximal gastrectomy. This study was performed to assess the feasibility and quality of life benefits of a novel reconstruction method termed Roux-en-Y anastomosis plus antral obstruction (RYAO) following proximal partial gastrectomy.

Methods A total of 73 patients who underwent proximal gastrectomy from June 2015 to June 2017 were divided into two groups according to digestive reconstruction methods [RYAO (37 patients) and conventional esophagogastric anastomosis with pyloroplasty (EGPP, 36 patients)]. Clinical data were compared between the two groups retrospectively.

Results The mean operative time for digestive reconstruction was slightly longer in the RYAO group than in the EGPP group. However, the incidence of postoperative short-term complications did not differ between the RYAO and the EGPP groups. At the 6-month follow-up, the incidence rates of both reflux esophagitis and gastritis were lower in the RYAO group than in the EGPP group (P = 0.002). Additionally, body weight recovery was better in the RYAO group (P = 0.028). The scale tests indicated that compared with the patients in the EGPP group, the patients in the RYAO group had significantly reduced reflux, nausea and vomiting and reported improvements in their overall health status and quality of life (all P < 0.05).

Conclusion RYAO reconstruction may be a feasible procedure to reduce postoperative reflux symptoms and the incidence of reflux esophagitis and gastritis, thus improving patient quality of life after proximal gastrectomy.
Why validation is not enough: setting the scene for the implementation of the Kimberley Mum´s Mood Scale
Authors: Carlin Emma , Spry Erica , Atkinson David , Marley Julia V
Published: July 2019

Background

The two part Kimberley Mums’ Mood Scale (KMMS) has been developed and validated as a culturally appropriate perinatal depression and anxiety screening tool for Aboriginal women living in the sparsely populated Kimberley region of North West Australia. As part of implementation, aspects of user acceptability were explored to improve clinical utilisation of the KMMS.

Methods

Eighteen health professionals involved in perinatal care participated in an online survey or a qualitative semi-structured interview. Ten Aboriginal women (who held administrative, professional or executive roles) were subsequently interviewed in depth to further explore aspects of KMMS user acceptability.

Results

Many of the health professionals were not using the second part of the KMMS (a psychosocial yarning tool). Time constraints and a perception that the KMMS is only appropriate for women with literacy issues were identified as significant barriers to KMMS uptake. The Aboriginal women interviewed considered the KMMS to also be important for literate Aboriginal women and placed high value on having the time and space to yarn to health professionals about issues that are important to them.

Implementing the KMMS across the Kimberley region requires robust training of health professionals and strategic engagement with health services to ensure those clinical environments are able to understand the rationale and significance of the KMMS and be engaged in its successful implementation.

Conclusion

Routine perinatal mental health screening that is efficacious and acceptable to Aboriginal women is an important public health priority. Identifying and addressing barriers to implementation contributes to our understanding of the complexity of improving routine clinical practise.
The study of court-ordered forensic psychiatric evaluations for offenders with schizophrenia with homicide charges in Taiwan
Authors: Wang Hui-Yi , Chou Yu-Ching , Chang Hsin-An , Kao Yu-Cheng , Yeh Hui-Wen , Yeh Chin-Bin , Huang San-Yuan , Chiang Wei-Shan , Tang Li-Yao , Tzeng Nian-Sheng
Published: July 2019

Background: Homicidal offenders with schizophrenia who went through psychiatric evaluations is a small but significant group during criminal appeal. However, studies regarding the criminal responsibilities of homicide offenders with specific psychiatric diagnosis such as schizophrenia were rare. Our Aims are to explore the relationship between verdict and type of crime among alleged offenders with schizophrenia in Taiwan. Our hypothesis was that aspects of schizophrenia would be more likely to be taken into account in homicide cases than other alleged offences.
Methods: A retrospective comparison of homicide offenders with non-homicide offenders with schizophrenia registered between December 2000 and November 2009 in the web-based, national, open access court verdicts databank.
Results: Thirty-three (3.4%) of 9,691 criminal offenders had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Seventeen (30%) of all evaluees with schizophrenia had psychiatric comorbidities. Those charged with homicide were significantly more likely to have been found not guilty by reason of insanity [NGRI]/partially responsible for the crime (4, 64%) than those charged with other offences (9, 30%; p<0.03). The homicide cases were significantly more likely to have been given treatment plans (homicide 18, 55%: others 4, 18.8%; p<0.01). The homicide cases were also likely to have had more evaluations prior to the court hearings than the others, though not significant. (p=.17)
Conclusions: The disparity in NGRI/partially responsible for the crime decision between offence groups is of concern in relation to differences in the extent of expert evaluations between the two groups. While it is understandable that, if resources are scarce, more may be allocated to more serious cases, there remains a risk both of injustice and inadequate care and thus public safety in relation to those people with schizophrenia in contact with the criminal justice system who do not get a resultant treatment plan.
LINC01534 promotes the aberrant metabolic dysfunction and inflammation in IL-1β-simulated osteoarthritic chondrocytes by targeting miR-140-5p
Authors: Wei Wei , He Shaoxuan , Wang Zhihua , Dong Junjie , Xiang Dong , Li Yunxuan , Ren Lirong , Kou Nannan , Lv Jia
Published: July 2019

Backgrounds: Long non-coding RNA 01534 (LINC01534) is highly expressed in the tissues of patients with osteoarthritis (OA). This study investigated the mechanism of LINC01534 on abnormal metabolic dysfunction and inflammation in OA chondro-cytes induced by IL-1β.
Methods: The quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the expressions of LINC01534, aggrecan, collagen II and matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) in OA cartilage tissue or OA chondrocyte model induced by IL-1β. The ex-pressions of aggrecan and collagen II in the chondrocyte were detected by Western Blot. The levels of TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6, MMP-13, MMP-9, MMP-3 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in chondrocyte were determined by ELISA. Bioinformatics, dual luciferin gene reporting, RNA pulldown and Northern Blot were used to determine the interac-tion between LINC01534 and miR-140-5p.
Results: The results showed that LINC01534 was up-regulated in both OA cartilage tissue and OA chondrocyte model. In addition, silencing LINC01534 significantly alleviated the inhibitory effect of IL-1β on expressions of aggrecan and collagen II in chondrocytes, and significantly down-regulated the expression of matrix metallopro-teinases in IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. Meanwhile, silencing LINC01534 also sig-nificantly inhibited the productions of pro-inflammatory factors NO, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 in the IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. Furthermore, miR-140-5p was con-firmed to be a direct target of LINC01534. More importantly, inhibition of miR-140-5p significantly reversed the inhibitory effect of silencing LINC01534 on inflammation and abnormal matrix degradation in the IL-1β-induced chondrocyte model of OA.
Conclusion: Therefor, LINC01534 could promote the abnormal matrix degradation and inflammatory response of OA chondrocytes through the targeted binding of miR-140-5p.
The effect of the waiting room's environment on level of anxiety experienced by children prior to dental treatment: a case control study
Authors: Fux-Noy Avia , Zohar Maayan , Herzog Karin , Shmueli Aviv , Halperson Elinor , Moskovitz Moti , Ram Diana
Published: July 2019

Background: One of the environmental factors that can cause anxiety prior to dental treatment includes the waiting room experience, specifically the amount of time spent awaiting treatment and the waiting room environment. The purpose of the study was to compare the effect of the waiting room's environment on the level of anxiety experienced by children in multisensory and traditional waiting rooms.
Methods: Case control study. Test group waited for treatment in a multisensory waiting room, which consisted of a lighting column that children could touch and climb; as well as, rhythmic music played on loudspeakers. Control group waited for treatment in a traditional waiting room. Study participants were asked to answer the “Venham Picture Test”, a dental anxiety scale, while in the waiting room prior to entering the treatment room. Chi-squared, Fisher's Exact tests, and linear regression were utilized.
Results: No significant difference in dental anxiety scores was found between the test and control groups. Dental anxiety was significantly higher in patients who had longer wait time prior to treatment. In addition, dental anxiety was significantly associated with visit purpose: children waiting for dental examination or those scheduled for dental treatment with conscious sedation were less anxious than children waiting for emergency treatment.
Conclusions: These findings underscore the importance of a dental home and regular preventive dental visits. Children’s dental anxiety can be reduced by preventing emergency treatments, scheduling routine dental visits and decreasing waiting room wait time.
Trial registration: TRN NCT03197129, date of registration June 20, 2017
Annual Alveolar Bone Loss in Older Adults Taking Oral Bisphosphonate: a Case-Control Study
Authors: Helmi Mohammad , AlOsaimy Sara , Goodson J. Max , Hasturk Hatice , Natto Zuhair S.
Published: July 2019

Background

Although several studies assessed the effect of bisphosphonate (BIS) administration on alveolar bone loss, this relationship using longitudinal analysis has not been fully investigated. The aim of the this article is to predict annual alveolar bone loss in a subpopulation of older adults patients who were taking oral bisphosphonate (BIS) adjusting for systemic diseases and associated risk factors.

Methods

This is a case-control study. We identified all subjects that reported receiving oral bisphosphonate from 2008 – 2015 (N=30) using the electronic health records of each patient to identify suitable radiographs for analysis. For longitudinal data analysis, 26 eligible subjects for inclusion to have at least two exposures of complete mouth set or repeated bitewing radiographs with at least one-year interval, then matched on age and sex to another 26 patients who did not report receiving bisphosphonate at any point of their life.

Results

Mild periodontitis was higher in the BIS group compared to the no BIS group; however, moderate periodontitis was higher in the no BIS group. For those who did not take oral BIS, change over time was not significant after the two-year period. However, BIS group had experienced 0.088 mm more bone loss compared to no BIS group (95% CI: 0.001, 0.176. P-value = 0.048), adjusting for all other variables included in the model.

Conclusion

The group who reported receiving oral bisphosphonates showed no improvement in maintaining alveolar bone level, and the use of oral BIS may not be effective in reducing annual alveolar bone loss, however, emerging evidence is promising for the use of bisphosphonate as an adjunctive local delivery medication for management of periodontal diseases.