bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Das gute Leben im Lockdown? Unterschiede zwischen Frauen und Männern mit und ohne Kinder im Haushalt während des Covid-19-Lockdowns 2020: Befragung an einer Deutschschweizer Hochschule
Authors: Lanfranconi Lucia Marina , Gebhard Oriana , Lischer Suzanne , Safi Netkey
Published: July 2021

In welchem Ausmaß schränkte der Lockdown im Frühling 2020 Frauen und Männer mit und ohne Kinder im Haushalt darin ein, danach zu streben, was jede*r sich wünscht (das gute Leben)? Die Auswertung einer Online-Befragung von rund 1 000 Personen einer Deutschschweizer Hochschule zeigt, dass Frauen mit Kindern stark eingeschränkt waren in der Gestaltung ihres guten Lebens. Im Vergleich zu Männern mit Kindern haben sich Frauen im nicht-repräsentativen Sample rund doppelt so oft in ihrer Arbeitskapazität eingeschränkt wegen zusätzlicher Betreuungsarbeiten. Frauen mit Kindern waren zudem stärker von negativen Auswirkungen des Lockdowns betroffen, so spürten sie am stärksten die Zunahme von Partnerschaftskonflikten und fühlten sich am wenigsten unterstützt vom privaten Umfeld. Daneben zeigt die Analyse unerwartete Geschlechtermuster: Männer mit Kindern berichten auch von Verhaltenseinschränkungen im Lockdown und häufiger von fehlender institutioneller Unterstützung. Es bedarf für die Schweiz generell einer besser ausgebauten Familienpolitik und gezielter Unterstützung bei der Kinderbetreuung im Fall eines Lockdowns.
Die Krise in der Krise. Sozial-ökologische Perspektiven auf Zuschreibungen, Bestätigungen und Verluste des ‚Reproduktiven‘ in Zeiten von ‚Corona‘
Authors: Mölders Tanja , Hofmeister Sabine
Published: July 2021

Die ‚Corona-Krise‘ fordert die gesellschaftlichen Verhältnisse grundlegend heraus. Dies gilt für die gesellschaftlichen Naturverhältnisse ebenso wie für die darin eingeschriebenen Geschlechterverhältnisse. Unserem Beitrag liegt die These zugrunde, dass ein ‚gutes‘ und damit nachhaltiges Leben die Sicherung der Reproduktionsfähigkeit von ‚Natur‘ und Gesellschaft gleichermaßen voraussetzt. Entsprechend fragen wir nach den Verbindungen zwischen der sozialen und ökologischen Sphäre. Dazu gehen wir im Anschluss an das sozial-ökologische Konzept (Re-)Produktivität davon aus, dass die Trennung und Hierarchisierung einer produktiven und einer sogenannten reproduktiven Sphäre, wie sie das kapitalistische Gesellschaftssystem strukturell prägt, krisenverursachend ist. Ob und inwieweit die ‚Corona-Krise‘ zu Irritationen dieser sicher geglaubten Zuschreibungen und Trennungen führt oder/und es zu Verschiebungen und Neukonfigurationen kommt, ist die erkenntnisleitende Frage unseres Beitrags, der wir anhand von ausgewählten Diagnosen, Begriffen und politischen Maßnahmen nachgehen, die sich im Zuge des Corona- Krisenmanagements etabliert haben.
Wer bin ich nach einem Coming-out? Das Comingout als Subjektivierungsmechanismus
Authors: Schamschula Monika
Published: July 2021

Der Beitrag diskutiert das Coming-out von schwulen Männern (in der gegenwärtigen westlichen Gesellschaft) und möchte aufzeigen, dass ein Coming-out über eine „neutrale Beschreibung“ des sexuellen Begehrens hinausgeht. Anhand von narrativen Interviewsmit geouteten Männern sowie Theorien vor allem aus dem Bereich des Poststrukturalismus und der Queer Theory wird herausgearbeitet, dass Subjektivierung ein wesentlicher Bestandteil eines Coming-outs ist und dieser Umstand dazu beiträgt, dass ein Coming-out mit Differenzierungs-, Hierarchisierungs- und Normalisierungsmechanismen einhergeht. Mit Blick auf die Subjektwerdung innerhalb eines Coming-outs kann deutlich gemacht werden, dass Homosexualität gegenwärtig nicht als „gleichwertig“ oder „gewöhnlich“ wahrgenommen wird und ein Coming-out auch in einer sogenannten liberalen Gesellschaft mit Machtverhältnissen verbunden ist. Der Fokus der Studie ist dabei mit einem ausschließlichen Blick auf das männliche homosexuelle (schwule) Coming-out sehr eng gefasst.
Ableism in academic knowledge production
Authors: Compes Natascha
Published: July 2021

The article takes up feminist disability scholars’ request for an integration of disability (theory) into women’s and gender studies and intends to take stock of the status and development of this integration. By means of qualitative content analysis, excerpts of German and US handbooks of gender research are examined for their degree of integrating disability (theory) and for inherent ableism. Considering the scholars’ requests of full integration and a subsequent transformation of gender research the sample shows only minor signs of change and the request must be upheld.
THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN VENTURE INVESTING AND INNOVATION COMPETITIVENESS OF EU MEMBER-STATES
Authors:   Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics, Tokar Volodymyr V.
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the article is to reveal the interplay between venture investing and innovation development of selected EU member-states based on global innovation index, the World Bank’s data on population, as well as OECD’s information on venture investing in 2013–2019. The paper sheds light on general tendencies of venture investing and innovation competitiveness in the EU. The average value of venture investing per capita among selected EU member states appreciated from $10 to 19.5 in 2013–2019, therefore, most investigated countries showed the increase in venture investing per capita with the average value change of $9.6, while Lithuania was the only exception experiencing the decrease equaling $2.5. The detected leaders in venture investing in 2019 were Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Sweden, Belgium, France and Netherlands with venture investing per capita values within $33.4–58.8 range, while outsiders were Bulgaria, Romania, and Lithuania with venture investing per capita below $2. Meanwhile, the average score of innovation indices among selected EU member states decreased from 49.7 to 49.3 in 2013–2019. There were thirteen countries with negative results, namely Ireland, Luxembourg, Austria, Belgium, Estonia, Spain, Italy, Portugal, Hungary, Latvia, Slovak Republic, Bulgaria, and Romania, while Sweden and Netherlands were leaders with the score exceeding 60 points in 2019. We have applied the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient to determine the strength and direction of connection between venture investing per capita and national innovation competitiveness of abovementioned countries. We have calculated the critical point of the two-sided critical region with the significance level α equaling 0.05 and compared it with the table value to determine that the rank correlation coefficient of venture investing per capita and innovation indices of EU member-states is statistically significant and the rank correlation between the scores for two tests is significant.
CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TO THE FORMATION OF STUDENTS’ CIVIC COMPETENCE: INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL CONTEXTS
Authors:   Prydniprovska State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Tokarieva Anastasiia V. , Сhyzhykova Inna V. ,   Prydniprovska State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of youth civic education, civic engagement, and civic competence in international and national contexts. Over the last decades these themes have acquired importance in research, policy and practice in many parts of the world, including the EU and Ukraine. Citizenship, citizen, civic virtues, civic culture, civic competence are singled out by the authors as the key concepts of the discussed phenomena. Civic competence is defined as a path for a person to be included into a certain political or social community; it is the knowledge and exercising of the rights and duties of this community; it is a civic self-identification and a quality of a personality that necessitates his/her active participation in political or public life and characterizes his/her community involvement; it is a moral value that is based on the sense of patriotism, respect for human rights, sense of duty, responsibility, tolerance, solidarity. The genesis and the formation of the citizenship from the time of Aristotle to the present has passed the way from seeing it as a critical engagement with others; understanding and exercising one’s own rights and freedoms, and towards realizing the necessity of interdependence of the world nations and the world equality. The second part of the article substantiates the importance of youth civic education for both Ukraine and other countries as young people greatly influence the future of their nations. The main structural components of civic education that are presented by the authors include understanding key concepts, fostering respect for law, justice, democracy and common good, encouragement of thought independence. It develops skills of reflection, enquiry and debate. The article also presents the models of civic education for secondary and higher schools and highlights the problems related to the formation of civic education in Ukraine. The emphasis is placed on the use of serious video games as a promising tool for the formation of civic competence actively used in Western Europe. Examples of social projects based on serious video games, web platforms and mobile devices aimed at solving social problems of the society include Nutriciencia project, Ukrainian GameHub project, Hidden in the Part game. Conclusions are made about the need to recognize civic education not only as a subject of the curriculum, but as an integral part of educational policy – central to both educators and the society as a whole, both on the international and national levels.
SOCIETY, TRAPPED VALUES AND FUTURE OF HUMANITY IN EUROPE: THE LESSONS FOR UKR
Authors:   Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University, LIAKH T.L.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the formation of European values in Ukraine in the conditions of social transformations. The author defines that values are the system-forming core of activity and inner spiritual life of a person, and the system of values is the link that unites society and the individual, involving them in the system of social relations. It has been found that the main European values, which are distinguished by the profile organizations and on which the European community is based, are the following: respect for human dignity; fundamental rights, including the rights of communities and families; freedom (expression of will, freedom of speech, freedom of the media); democracy; equality of all members of society, including minorities; rule of law; pluralism; non-discrimination; tolerance; justice; solidarity; responsibility; equal gender rights. By signing the Association Agreement with the European Union, Ukraine has committed itself to develop relations with the European Union on common values. European values as fundamental ones are reflected in the Constitution of Ukraine. It has been determined that in the European Union values perform various functions (political, aimed at ensuring democracy, development of the rule of law, anti-discrimination, civil rights and human freedoms; consolidating – the formation of the European community and common social and humanitarian space; society, preservation and dissemination of European values, legal – justice, guaranteed by an ombudsman, protection of human and civil rights, economic – the formation of a socially-oriented market economy, ensuring balanced economic growth, full employment, prosperity, well-being, guaranteed property, overcoming poverty; social – achieving social harmony, social security and social assistance, health care, support for the family, protection of vulnerable groups, cultural – preservation of traditions, freedom of religion, language policy support, development of education, culture; information and communication – providing access to documentation, interaction with citizens.
DIDACTICS OF WORK WITH VIDEO MATERIALS IN THE PROCESS OF THE GERMAN LANGUAGE TEACHING
Authors:   Mykhailo Tuhan-Baranovskyi Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade, Rybalka N.V.
Published: July 2021

The article considers the linguadidactical possibilities of using video materials in the educational process and substantiates the expediency of their use in German language classes. It is established that working with video materials mainly promotes the development of skills and abilities of listening and speaking, as well as actively contributes to the formation and further development of socio-cultural competence. The use of video in the classroom allows to individualize learning and intensify the selfdirected work of students. The introduction of video materials in the classroom also provides opportunities to create an artificial foreign language environment at any time and stage of study, adds a sense of realism, and promotes the development of audile and memory. Recently, there has been a notable increase of interest in educational videos as an effective means of teaching a foreign language, and the effectiveness of using video in German classes depends on the level of language training of students, thorough thematic selection of films and educational goals. The potential of videos is fully exploited if you integrate different activities. The most active and truly creative form of modern video work is the independent creation and viewing of video episodes. Working with video removes even a small risk of passive-receptive consumption of information, as well as increases the role of independent creative work. Preparatory explanatory conversations about the video are more useful than watching and working on the video itself, which can often only be an occasion for real communication and facilitate further understanding of the film. In addition, the effectiveness of foreign language teaching by this tool is also facilitated by the technical capabilities of video. Methodological processes based on the perception of image and sound can be used to achieve various goals of educational activities, development of creative abilities and skills through exercises for commenting and making dialogues. The use of video contributes to a more effective coverage of new language and subject material, strengthening and practical application of knowledge, the formation of receptive capabilities, executive skills and productive word use. Also, the use of video materials introduces elements of novelty, significantly expands and diversifies classes, increases cognitive activity and motivation of students, interests them in learning a particular topic and a foreign language in general
PREDICTORS OF PROCRASTINATION IN THE PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY OF SPECIALISTS OF SOCIONOMIC PROFESSIONS
Authors:   Child Care Center, Nakhod Svitlana A.
Published: July 2021

The article considers the predictors of procrastination in the professional activity of specialists of socionomic professions. In the study, procrastination is defined as a personal disposition that manifests itself in human activities and behavior and is characterized by the postponement of significant matters. It is interconnected with personality traits, features of motivation and has development patterns, associated with age. It has been established that socionomic professions are professions aimed at solving problems related to social relations. Their content focuses on the development, regulation, study of social patterns and trends, preservation and transformation of historically defined and accepted forms of culture and traditions at all levels of social interaction. The peculiarities of the professions of psychologist, teacher, social worker and lawyer in the context of the outlined issues are clarified. These include: 1) the presence of interaction between people and social groups that differ in social positions and roles; 2) communication mediated by the goals pursued by each party; 3) prosocial activity of the personality of the specialist, which has become a set of motives for professional activity; 4) the focus of the specialist on the achievement of such humanistic and social ideals as well-being, health, high quality of life, effective development of individuals and groups in various formations of individual and social life. Given the specific features of socionomic professions, the search for predictors of procrastination was conducted among professionally significant personality traits of such specialists, including typical forms of behavior in work situations, attitude to certain aspects of the job, the presence of occupational stress symptoms and related deformations. The personal characteristics that affect the severity of procrastination of specialists were determined, including the obligation, determination, control, modesty, anxiety. It was found that a negative perception of the peculiarities of professional activity and a high level of occupational stress affects the manifestation of procrastination in specialists of socionomic professions. Low self-regulation is defined as the predictor of procrastination, and the tendency to delay is associated with all functional components that ensure the effectiveness of activities: planning, modeling, programming, evaluation of results, flexibility, independence. The connection between procrastination and perfectionism of specialists in socionomic professions has been established. It is concluded that the understanding of predictors of the phenomenon of procrastination of specialists of socionomic professions will contribute to the development of effective ways to overcome it in a certain category of experts, which will be the subject of our further research.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CONCEPTS OF �METHOD�, �MEANS�, �MEASURES�: THEORETICAL AND LEGAL JUSTIFICATION AND FEATURES IN THE BRANCH OF LAW
Authors:   �lassi�al Private University, Slabko Svetlana N.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to clarifying the essence of the concepts �method�, �measure�, �means�, determining their relationship, the peculiarities of application in different areas of legal reality. The relevance of the study is substantiated, because in general the legal literature does not pay enough attention to the study of etymology, essence, content, etc. concepts used in regulations. Clarification of the essence of concepts should be based on their etymology, and the definition of the relationship, on the justification of positions on their synonymy, antonym, broader/narrower meaning in relation to each other. Most sources, based on the existing rules of legal technique, give examples of unsuccessful definitions in terms of logic and legal language, formulate their own, which other authors are also criticized, and the process is endless and, most importantly, insignificant. The legal encyclopedia clearly defines that the components of management methods are ways and means: �management methods � ways or means of achieving management goals that determine the quality component of management�. However, the modern development of the social sciences, including jurisprudence, is characterized by new approaches based on logical thinking, i.e. the ability of man to reason, namely to reflect the objective reality in ideas, judgments, concepts. The definitions fixed in various sources (dictionaries of foreign words, explanatory dictionaries of the Ukrainian language, textbooks on the theory of the state and law and branch sciences, normative documents) are resulted. In this case, from the numerous materials selected those that reveal the relationship of these concepts. It is proved that in the scientific, educational-methodical, reference literature and in the norms of the current legislation there is no single approach to the definition of the specified terms. It is concluded that most often, one term is defined through another and vice versa, which leads to inconsistent interpretation, differences in application. As for the legal sphere, providing balanced definitions based on etymology, clarifying the essence, interpreting them as basic for further use in the field and applied sciences, in practice � this is primarily the task of theoretical and legal science. Of course, it is necessary to follow common approaches to the relationship of concepts. Therefore, it is proposed to understand the method as a set of methods (research, cognition, etc.). Method � a certain technique, a means to achieve, accomplish something. Means � a set of measures or actions to be able to do, accomplish something, achieve something.
POLITICAL PARTICIPATION OF A MODERN JOURNALIST
Authors:   Alfred Nobel University, Kliuchnyk Ruslan M.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the place and role of a Journalist in modern Politics. The main professional characteristics of a modern Journalist have been considered. It has been suggested that the requirements for Journalists will continue to grow in the future. A particular attention has been paid to Journalists who disagree with the political regime, whether democratic or not. Journalists covering political events cannot always stay indifferent to what they say and write about. The political events provoke their reaction. It is determined by the peculiarities of human perception as a subject of cognition of a certain kind of information. A striking example of the influence of an opposition Journalist on the political process is the phenomenon of the Wikileaks website and its creator, Julian Assange, Australian Journalist and Programmer. He started to publish the information compromising the political elite. Publication of information, compromising the political elite, has led to a rethinking of the role of a blogger in political life. In 2016, Wikileaks became an effective tool to discredit Hillary Clinton, the pro-government Democratic Party candidate in the US presidential elections. It was noted that Matthew Lee, Associated Press Journalist, is widely known for his point of view on the foreign policy of the USA (��� ��������� � ���������). He became famous for his use of trolling and provoking against officials by asking tough questions. This, in particular, made him a subject of political life. We have come to the conclusion that a journalist can become a prominent figure in national and international Politics. His participation in Politics is determined by his role in decision-making, as well as by his influence on the mass audience. As a result, journalists are exposed to attacks because of their professional activity. Democratic countries have issued regulations designed to protect journalists. In this article system and comparative approaches have been used. The documents in text and video formats facilitates our research. We have considered the papers of modern scientists regarding this problem. The article can be useful for professors, doctorates, lecturers, students and the wide range of people who are interested in political communication.
THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE USE OF FOREIGN EXPERIENCE IN THE PROTECTION AND PROTECTION OF VOTING RIGHTS OF CITIZENS
Authors:   Oles Gonchar Dnipro National University, Zavorotchenko �atiana N.
Published: July 2021

The article discusses security measures designed to guarantee the rights of voters. The main goals that are achieved when using electronic and remote voting systems are formulated. It has been proved that elections must be free and fair, with all declared observance of all proclaimed electoral principles. A proposal for an e-voting program is being considered, which will keep the voter from leaving the ballot blank, but will give a warning in advance that a blank ballot may be declared invalid, which will significantly reduce the number of lost votes and spoiled ballots. Emphasis is placed on the main difference between voting by telephone and voting on the Internet, which is that voting via a computer network requires a number of security measures aimed at protecting the system from outside influences. Particular attention is paid to the study of the experience of foreign countries in the application of each method of voting. Problematic issues of the process of democratic transformations in Ukrainian society are studied. The sources that enshrine the right of a person to file individual complaints with international human rights bodies are indicated, and only international agreements can be found. It is proved that a citizen cannot file an application if the state has not acceded to the relevant agreement and, moreover, has not undertaken to recognize the competence of the international body specified in the agreement. The author draws attention to the fact that when holding elections to local self-government bodies, electoral associations and political parties and their structural subdivisions are also recognized as another public organization that simultaneously meets the following conditions: an association of citizens according to the Law of Ukraine �On public associations�, at a level corresponding to the level of elections, or at a higher level. The study conducted in this article gives grounds for the following conclusions: a specific form of implementation of public law is their application, which is carried out by state and/or municipal authorities. This form of realization of public law is connected with the concept of protective norms of law which are called to provide us by the citizen of the subjective right at the loading of the legal mechanism of protection in case of obstacles in realization of the given public right, including the right to choose and be chosen. In our deep conviction, the priority of protecting the voting rights of citizens must be guaranteed. And it is in the election results that the will of the citizens is materialized, they are the end product of the realization of their voting rights. If such guarantees are not formulated in law and are not observed by courts and election commissions, mechanisms are inevitably established that allow manipulating election results against the will of voters.
ANALYSIS OF THE ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL LANDSCAPE OF THE RIVER VALLEY SPACES IN UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS
Authors: Dukhniak Iryna
Published: July 2021

The results of the analysis of architectural and landscape interactions in the valley spaces of the rivers in Ukrainian Carpathians are presented in the article. The analysis was made at the scale level of elements of the architectural landscape. It was the next step after preliminary studies at the two highest scale levels - the level of settlement systems and at the level of settlements. The goal is to create a scientific basis for the methodical bases of the architectural and landscape arrangement of river valley spaces in Ukrainian Carpathians.
Architectural and landscape interactions at a lowest scale level (level of an architectural landscape elements) are most clearly manifested in the aesthetic aspects. Elements of the architectural landscape are divided into natural and anthropogenic. The last ones were studied, which in turn are divided into urban elements, architectural objects and engineering structures. 30 elements were analyzed by functional-planning and aesthetic characteristics, of which 7 are presented in the article.
It was revealed, that the large buildings, which visually dominate the relief, spoil aesthetics and identity of the valley landscape. When the traditional superficiality is exceeded, the feeling of the dominant influence of natural components on the local architectural environment is lost. The use of artificial finishing materials or too bright colors distorts the image and disintegrates the environment.
It was established, that the best aesthetic effect in the relationship of architecture and landscape is achieved by applying traditional local styles in construction, in which there is an organic unity of nature and architecture through scale and form, as well as the use of natural materials in decoration.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE PECULIARITIES OF THE ORGANIZATION OF RECREATIONAL AREAS ON THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE CITY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF KHARKIV CITY)
Authors: Hryshyna Viktoriia
Published: July 2021

The article examines the process of degradation of the landscape-ecological framework of the city due to the dominance of the human-centered approach to the urban recreational areas’ organization. Using the methods of cartographic analysis, full-scale photographic recording, synthesis and abstraction, a study of the recreational territories of Kharkov city was carried out and three main types of recreational objects development were identified: small recreational objects (up to 10 hectares), which completely lost the opportunity for sustainable development, self-creation and are completely dependent from human withdrawal; medium-sized district and city parks, which are being reorganized into urban parks and amusement parks with a high level of recreational load; large elements of the landscape-ecological framework, which are degrading due to the complete absence of the recreational organization of the territory. It was also determined that the main reasons for the loss of sustainable development by recreational facilities are: lack of a comprehensive strategy of the system of landscape and recreational areas development for the city; making situational decisions about the reconstruction of recreational facilities in the city; inconsistency of the park’s type within its place in the structure of the landscape-ecological framework of the city; preference for the organization of park areas with high recreational loads; irregular organization of recreational areas in the city. The main steps of the strategy for the integrated development of the city landscape-recreational system are proposed, which are as follows: determining the level of value of a recreational facility in the structure of the city landscape-ecological framework, assessing the sustainability of a recreational facility development at the present stage, predicting the types of recreational organization of territories, the prospective level of recreational load, and the level of domestication of the object in order to preserve its sustainable development in the future.
FEATURES OF THE INFLUENCE OF FORTIFICATIONS OF CASTLE STRUCTURES ON THE ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING STRUCTURE OF SMALL CITIES IF THE PODILLYA OFTHE XVI-XVII CENTURIES
Authors: Bzhezovska Nataliya
Published: July 2021

The article examines the evolution of the castle fortifications, which for each region and historical period had their own characteristic features and their relationship with the planning structure of small towns in Podillya. The features of the formation of fortification systems, which influenced the architectural and planning structure of the cities of Podillya at the turn of the XVI-XVII centuries, are revealed. The castle`s fortification and fortification system of the cities of Berezhany, Zhovkva, Brody, Stanislav, Zbarazh, Medzhybozh and others are considered. Attention is paid to the peculiarities of changes in the fortification system of cities of the structural-typological level and the use of the modern bastion system, which supplanted the fortifications of the medieval type. The influence of these changes on the intensity of development of small cities in Podillya in the period of the XVI-XVII centuries is analyzed. Attention is focused on the formative influence of the fortifications of castle structures on the architectural and planning structure of cities, which was often decisive at the last stage of the formation of castles and their fortification.  The process of uniting the castle and the city is considered, which went through different stages of re-planning: from placing the castle separately, through the interaction of fortification and up to the stage of obtaining a general outline of the city fortifications. The role of castle fortifications in the system of fortifications of the small cities of Podillya is determined. The influence of the development of fortifications of castles and their merger with the defense structure of the city on the urban planning process of the cities of Podillya of XVI-XVII centuries is investigated.
The formation of castle fortifications in the historical, architectural, town-planning aspects and their influence on the architectural and planning structure of the small cities of Podillya and significance of this influence for understanding the future development of small historical cities of Podillya are considered.
THE MAIN FACTORS LIMITING AND SHAPING THE RULES FOR INTEGRATING PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS INTO HISTORIC BUILDINGS
Authors: Adnan Al-Ahmmadi Saer , Shuldan Larysa
Published: July 2021

The article highlights the challenges and proposes solutions for integrating solar PV systems into historic buildings. The essential factors and their constituents (excluding natural and orientation), which limit the integration of solar electrical systems (PV) into historical buildings, are analyzed. It proposes its own view of the degree of value of territories and the most historic buildings and associated legal restrictions. The main properties of photovoltaic cells that influence the choice of solutions for integration into buildings of various categories in territories of different values are determined. The suitability for the integration of the visible parts of solar photovoltaic systems is assessed in terms of their selection and adaptation of their properties in the conditions of the historical environment. The visibility of photovoltaic cells installed on the outer shell of building structures from public spaces is investigated as an aesthetic component of integration, initial conditions, approaches and tools for its analysis. A bunch of value features of territories and buildings with a visual and aesthetic component is proposed as the basis for resolving issues related to determining the level of “criticality of the environment” or “sensitivity of the historical context”. Historical buildings of all categories of value make up a significant part of the construction fund of our state. They are the hallmark of our historic cities. But their normal functioning, and possibly their existence, primarily depends on the preservation of their utilitarian function and adaptation to new energy realities. In order to preserve the architectural heritage for future generations, it is necessary to find such approaches and solutions in the energy modernization of historic buildings that will simultaneously increase comfort, reduce energy bills and minimize environmental impact - to preserve historical and aesthetic values.
DESIGN OF AGE-FRIENDLY QUARTERS
Authors: Hrytsyuk Lesya , Кomarenets Оlena
Published: July 2021

The article describes the trends in demographic changes of the world’s modern population, which will affect its habitats in the future, among which are urbanization and population aging.  The publication also describes main aspects of making cities age-friendly, according to research by the World Health Organization. It offers methods of improving the quality of third age citizens’ lifes by creating cohousing community urban rental apartments, using new approaches in the placement of social housing in the city structure and regeneration of existing housing estates on the example of implemented projects in Brussels and Manchester. The main aim of the article is to determine and characterize the most common problems of elderly around the world and to propose the ways of its solving by using new approaches in urban planning and architectural design. It considers the island type of social housing construction and structuring of its space in three levels, describes the importance of every inhabitant’s private space. This publication presents kinds of public spaces’ exploitation and its best location depending on functioning. The choices of transparent constructions and natural materials’ use in private zones’ separating are also given here. The article suggests ways of redeveloping neighborhoods, which have been declined over years by construction of new inclusive housing estates on the example of Collyhurst regeneration project.
APPROACHES TO INCREASING THE LANDSCAPE CAPACITY OF A BIG CITY
Authors: Tеtiana Kuzmenko Tеtiana , Dmytrenko Andrii
Published: July 2021

The article considers the problem of limiting the territory of large cities in terms of expansion and expansion of park areas. The issues of landscape organization of local territories of large cities are raised: arrangement of entrance zones and railway green strips, organization of flat green coverings over platform spaces, arrangement of means of landscaping of semi-underground and underground garages, functional delimitation of pedestrian territories. The concept of semiotic units of landscape design is illustrated: point, line, plane, mass. Methods of distinguishing fragments of the urban environment and examples from foreign experience are given.
The high concentration of anthropomorphic activity, creating a number of unconditional advantages, has led to a violation of the optimal balance between natural and artificial components of the landscape. As a result, cities feel an urgent need to maximize the natural component of the urban environment. The urgency of the topic is due to the approach of humanity to a critical limit, beyond which the process of deterioration of the biosphere will be beyond his control.
The aim of the article is to generalize the experience of using landscape design tools to create a safe environment, enrich the city with landscaping elements, which are located not in traditional parks, but in local recreation areas, to design pedestrian spaces, create certain barriers between pedestrians and parking lots. favorable microclimate in the territories adjacent to production zones and railways, etc .; as well as developing approaches to increase the landscape potential of a large city and improve the microclimate of the urban environment.
Transforming the landscape of large cities using landscaping tools and techniques will lead to a more harmonious relationship between anthropogenic and natural components of the urban environment, and ultimately reduce the factors that adversely affect human health. Attitudes towards the use of landscape design to achieve the artistic expressiveness of the urban environment is increasingly becoming an indicator of the civilization of the country.
FREE SPACE AS AN ELEMENT OF OPEN-AIR MUSEUMS’ EXHIBITION
Authors: Brych Mariia
Published: July 2021

In the area of architectural heritage preservation, the leveling of monument objects’ environment is an important problem. The essence of the monuments is laid not only in their material structure but also in a historically formed environment and spatial configuration that exhibits their historical and cultural content, enriches artistic properties.
Open-air museums are specific institutions that are characterized by the use of not only monumental volumes and structures but also the free space between them. Cultural landscapes - lands of estates and residences, parks in palace ensembles, territories of monastic complexes, industrial landscapes, memorial places, and archaeological complexes become elements of the exhibition. Features of exhibition space organization in open-air museums are not sufficiently highlighted in scientific literature.
Depending on the selected exhibition concept, a set of activities of the museum is determined and the museum zoning occurs. The use of free spaces is divided into two levels depending on the scale – urban planning and architectural. The urban planning level is responsible for the environmental design of the overall space of the ensemble or the complex of monuments. The architectural level of open-air museum formation envisages the organization of existing buildings, structures, and areas between them.
On the urban-planning level, it is important to ensure the convenience of the visual perception of the complex: to reveal the most interesting fragments of the environment and visual connections, to emphasize the basic aesthetic, associative, symbolic, and practical properties of cultural landscapes within the open-air museum. On the architectural level of organization, free spaces become the basis for many activities - various educational, cultural, and entertainment events.
Free space in museums serves as an exhibit, an element of activity processes and various events, and also serves as a basic tool for detecting and emphasizing the characteristic features of exhibited complexes and ensembles.
ARCHES WITH GLUED WOOD. THE HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Mikhailovsky Denis , Skliarova Tatiana , Bondarchuk Bogdan
Published: July 2021

Building structures made of solid and glued timber have long been widely used in many countries of the world, they have existed for several centuries. Their appearance is due to the fact that the available material, wood of natural origin, often could not be obtained with the desired section and quality. The simplest solution to this problem was the flaking of wooden fragments into one solid monolithic element. With the advent of effective technologies, all kinds of production of a large number of various wooden structures appeared, which opened up much more opportunities for designing with glued timber, and its ability to bend and fit into the desired shape, contributed to their use in the manufacture of arched structures.
The arch is one of the most interesting and effective designs, the shape of an arch is very common in nature, which speaks of a bionic approach to design, which, by its form, bears both aesthetic and practical significance. Arches have been used by mankind since ancient times, and to be precise, they first appeared in the II millennium BC in the architecture of the Ancient East, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Mesopotamia, ancient and Hellenic Syria, and continue to be used to this day, which speaks of their eternal relevance and the need for further improvement and development of this constructive form.
The paper considers the process of formation and development of arched structures, in general, and in particular from wood. This work will be able to help to more accurately understand the processes that have influenced, influence and will influence the calculation and design of arched structures, which in turn will help formulate a more competent approach to the design and modification of this structural form. Also, the advantages of glued timber design, its best application in construction and architecture, as well as the advantages of using arched structures will be revealed again.
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF THE DEFORMED MEDIA (METAL CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS) NON STATIONARY THERMAL FIELDS DURING THEIR LASER SHORT WAVES PULSES TREATMENT
Authors: Chovnyuk Yuriy , Cherednichenko Petro , Kravchyuk Volodymyr , Ostapushchenko Olga , Ivanov Eugenie
Published: July 2021

Substantiated mathematical model for non-stationary thermoelastic deformed media during their laser processing by short waves pulses fields analysis is proposed . Precise analytical solutions of the thermal conductivity equations  which simulate the short laser pulses interaction and allow to further determine their components thermally stress-strain state of the processed materials, in particular, thin porous films, capillary-porous bodies are obtained. Two analysis methods were used: 1) traditional separating variables method (Fourier method), 2) non-Fourier analysis of the non-stationary thermal fields that described by the telegraphic equation known in the literature. The results obtained in this work can be used further to establish the thermo stress-strain state of materials interacting with short waves laser radiation pulses parameters. Such approach is used at the modern building process for the rising of the reliability, durability and strength of the metal construction elements.
THE PECULIARITY OF THE BUILDING PROCESS OF ANCIENT KYYIVAN MONUMENTS
Authors: Logvyn Natalia
Published: July 2021

The author investigates the building process of ancient Kyyivan monuments. After the wall foundations were laid, the erection of ground volumes of the edifice began. Wooden scaffoldings were arranged at both sides of a wall. The remains of caffolding preserved in the brick fabric can be seen on the front walls of the Transfiguration Church at Berestove and St. Michael’s Church of Vydubytsky monastery. The height between scaffolding tiers as well as the height of masonry between them varies from 1.3 to 2.2 m in Kyyivan monuments. The situation of red schist cornices in ancient churches is dependent on the abovementioned height of masonry tiers. The cornices are placed at springs of arches and vaults, at the level of the choir gallery floor, at the spring of supporting arches and basement of central dome. The location of cornices hence marked the completion of a certain building period. Being put over brickwork at the end of building period in autumn those cornices protected construction from precipitation during winter season. That is why cornices within the Kyyivan St.Sophia Cathedral have “throats” – grooves which are cut along the underside of cornices as a stringcourses to prevent water from running back across them towards the wall.

One can easily determine building periods of the St. Sophia Cathedral according to the cornice levels in it. As far as building period at the times of Old Rus` took approximately six to seven months (from late spring to early autumn), the erection of the St. Sophia Cathedral with its five naves and double galleries was continued through five or six years. Cross-domed churches with three naves were built during approximately three or four years. For example St.Michael’s Church at Vydubytsky Monastery was built to the height of choir gallery during the first year, then to the height of vaults’ and domes’ springing during the second year, after that vaults and domes were completed during the third year. The types of vaults used in ancient Kyyivan architecture were barrel vaults, domes on pendantives and domes on high drums. Widely spread in Byzantine architecture groined vaults were not in use in the Old Rus` building until the middle of the XII century.

Also there was a certain consecutive order in erection of parts of a church: at first its central cross-domed volume, then apses, narthex, galleries etc. were built. In a year or two after the edifice was built its walls were covered with plaster and decorated with murals. Building methods applied in the ancient Kyyivan monuments of the XI-th century formed the basis of Old Rus` architecture developed during the following centuries.
La "primavera Latinoamericana" post pandemia y la democracia
Authors: Durán Toledo Diego
Published: July 2021

Varios países latinoamericanos, se han visto envueltos desde el 2019, en procesos de movilización ciudadana, los cuales abarcaban desde demandas relacionadas con la implementación de reformas en materias sociales, y en los casos más extremos, la solicitud de destitución de las máximas autoridades a nivel nacional, afectando a gobiernos de las más variadas tendencias.
El hambre, la protesta social y la gobernabilidad
Authors: Durán Toledo Diego
Published: July 2021

Las protestas que se han sucedido durante los últimos días, son la representación más gráfica de una ciudadanía que inclusive arriesgando su propia vida en el contexto no solo de crisis sanitaria, sino que en medio de un estado de excepción constitucional, ha salido a las calles para demostrar su descontento con las medidas de salvataje propuestas por el ejecutivo y ejercer mediante la movilización popular una medida de presión ante el parlamento en medio de la discusión del retiro de fondos previsionales durante el estado de catástrofe.
El Estado de Chile y la corrupción: Sus efectos y los desafíos pendientes
Authors: Durán Toledo Diego
Published: July 2021

Los resultados del estudio efectuado por la Contraloría General de la República, en relación con la percepción de los ciudadanos sobre la corrupción en Chile, han dejado una serie de repercusiones y que principalmente se traducen en que los ciudadanos piensan que existe una mayor ocurrencia de acciones que se riñen con la ética pública.