bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assembly of fully substituted triazolochromenes via a novel multicomponent reaction or mechanochemical synthesis
Authors: Vroemans Robby , Verhaegen Yenthel , Dieu My Tran Thi , Dehaen Wim
Published: October 2018

A new metal-free one-pot three-component procedure towards fully substituted triazolochromenes has been developed, starting from commercially available materials. Salicylaldehydes and nitroalkenes were reacted under solvent-free conditions, followed by a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of the intermediate 3-nitro-2H-chromenes with organic azides in a one-pot two-step sequence. The triazolochromenes were formed with complete regioselectivity and new biologically relevant structures were synthesized via extension of the developed procedure and via postfunctionalization. The mechanochemical synthesis was carried out for several salicylaldehydes and gave a clear improvement in the yield of the corresponding triazolochromenes and consequently showed to be a viable alternative for solid salicylaldehydes.
Ingredients for 21 cm Intensity Mapping
Authors: Villaescusa-Navarro Francisco , Genel Shy , Castorina Emanuele , Obuljen Andrej , Spergel David N. , Hernquist Lars , Nelson Dylan , Carucci Isabella P. , Pillepich Annalisa , Marinacci Federico , Diemer Benedikt , Vogelsberger Mark , Weinberger Rainer , Pakmor Rüdiger
Published: October 2018

Current and upcoming radio telescopes will map the spatial distribution of cosmic neutral hydrogen (H i) through its 21 cm emission. In order to extract the maximum information from these surveys, accurate theoretical predictions are needed. We study the abundance and clustering properties of H i at redshifts z ≤ 5 using TNG100, a large state-of-the-art magnetohydrodynamic simulation of a 75 h
−1 Mpc box size, which is part of the IllustrisTNG Project. We show that most of the H i lies within dark matter halos, and we provide fits for the halo H i mass function, i.e., the mean H i mass hosted by a halo of mass M at redshift z. We find that only halos with circular velocities larger than ≃30 km s−1 contain H i. While the density profiles of H i exhibit a large halo-to-halo scatter, the mean profiles are universal across mass and redshift. The H i in low-mass halos is mostly located in the central galaxy, while in massive halos the H i is concentrated in the satellites. Our simulation reproduces the bias value of damped Lyα systems from observations. We show that the H i and matter density probability distribution functions differ significantly. Our results point out that for small halos, the H i bulk velocity goes in the same direction and has the same magnitude as the halo peculiar velocity, while in large halos, differences show up. We find that halo H i velocity dispersion follows a power law with halo mass. We find a complicated H i bias, with H i already becoming nonlinear at k = 0.3 h Mpc−1 at z ≳ 3. The clustering of H i can, however, be accurately reproduced by perturbative methods. We find a new secondary bias by showing that the clustering of halos depends not only on mass but also on H i content. We compute the amplitude of the H i shot noise and find that it is small at all redshifts, verifying the robustness of BAO measurements with 21 cm intensity mapping. We study the clustering of H i in redshift space and show that linear theory can explain the ratio between the monopoles in redshift and real space down to 0.3, 0.5, and 1 h Mpc−1 at redshifts 3, 4, and 5, respectively. We find that the amplitude of the Fingers-of-God effect is larger for H i than for matter, since H i is found only in halos above a certain mass. We point out that 21 cm maps can be created from N-body simulations rather than full hydrodynamic simulations. Modeling the one-halo term is crucial for achieving percent accuracy with respect to a full hydrodynamic treatment. Although our results are not converged against resolution, they are, however, very useful as we work at the resolution where the model parameters have been calibrated to reproduce galaxy properties.
Velocity-resolved Reverberation Mapping of Five Bright Seyfert 1 Galaxies
Authors: De Rosa G. , Fausnaugh M. M. , Grier C. J. , Peterson B. M. , Denney K. D. , Horne Keith , Bentz M. C. , Ciroi S. , Bontà E. Dalla , Joner M. D. , Kaspi S. , Kochanek C. S. , Pogge R. W. , Sergeev S. G. , Vestergaard M. , Adams S. M. , Antognini J. , Salvo C. Araya , Armstrong E. , Bae J. , Barth A. J. , Beatty T. G. , Bhattacharjee A. , Borman G. A. , Boroson T. A. , Bottorff M. C. , Brown J. E. , Brown J. S. , Brotherton M. S. , Coker C. T. , Clanton C. , Cracco V. , Crawford S. M. , Croxall K. V. , Eftekharzadeh S. , Eracleous M. , Fiorenza S. L. , Frassati A. , Hawkins K. , Henderson C. B. , Holoien T. W.-S. , Hutchison T. , Kellar J. , Kilerci-Eser E. , Kim S. , King A. L. , Mura G. La , Laney C. D. , Li M. , Lochhaas C. , Ma Z. , MacInnis F. , Manne-Nicholas E. R. , Mason M. , McGraw S. M. , Mogren K. , Montouri C. , Moody J. W. , Mosquera A. M. , Mudd D. , Musso R. , Nazarov S. V. , Nguyen M. L. , Ochner P. , Okhmat D. N. , Onken C. A. , Ou-Yang B. , Pancoast A. , Pei L. , Penny M. , Poleski R. , Portaluri E. , Prieto J.-L. , Price-Whelan A. M. , Pulatova N. G. , Rafter S. , Roettenbacher R. M. , Romero-Colmenero E. , Runnoe J. , Schimoia J. S. , Shappee B. J. , Sherf N. , Simonian G. V. , Siviero A. , Skowron D. M. , Skowron J. , Somers G. , Spencer M. , Starkey D. A. , Stevens D. J. , Stoll R. , Tamajo E. , Tayar J. , Saders J. L. van , Valenti S. , Villanueva, Jr. S. , Villforth C. , Weiss Y. , Winkler H. , Zastrow J. , Zhu W. , Zu Y.
Published: October 2018

We present the first results from a reverberation-mapping campaign undertaken during the first half of 2012, with additional data on one active galactic nucleus (AGN) (NGC 3227) from a 2014 campaign. Our main goals are (1) to determine the black hole masses from continuum-Hβ reverberation signatures, and (2) to look for velocity-dependent time delays that might be indicators of the gross kinematics of the broad-line region. We successfully measure Hβ time delays and black hole masses for five AGNs, four of which have previous reverberation mass measurements. The values measured here are in agreement with earlier estimates, though there is some intrinsic scatter beyond the formal measurement errors. We observe velocity-dependent Hβ lags in each case, and find that the patterns have changed in the intervening five years for three AGNs that were also observed in 2007.
Origin of 1I/’Oumuamua. I. An Ejected Protoplanetary Disk Object?
Authors: Moro-Martín Amaya
Published: October 2018

1I/’Oumuamua is the first interstellar interloper to have been detected. Because planetesimal formation and ejection of predominantly icy objects are common by-products of the star and planet formation processes, in this study we address whether 1I/’Oumuamua could be representative of this background population of ejected objects. The purpose of the study of its origin is that it could provide information about the building blocks of planets in a size range that remains elusive to observations, helping to constrain planet formation models. We compare the mass density of interstellar objects inferred from its detection to that expected from planetesimal disks under two scenarios: circumstellar disks around single stars and wide binaries, and circumbinary disks around tight binaries. Our study makes use of a detailed study of the PanSTARRS survey volume; takes into account that the contribution from each star to the population of interstellar planetesimals depends on stellar mass, binarity, and planet presence; and explores a wide range of possible size distributions for the ejected planetesimals, based on solar system models and observations of its small-body population. We find that 1I/’Oumuamua is unlikely to be representative of a population of isotropically distributed objects, favoring the scenario that it originated from the planetesimal disk of a young nearby star whose remnants are highly anisotropic. Finally, we compare the fluxes of meteorites and micrometeorites observed on Earth to those inferred from this population of interstellar objects, concluding that it is unlikely that one of these objects is already part of the collected meteorite samples.
Broad Wings around Hα and Hβ in the Two S-type Symbiotic Stars Z Andromedae and AG Draconis
Authors: Chang Seok-Jun , Lee Hee-Won , Lee Ho-Gyu , Hwang Narae , Ahn Sang-Hyeon , Park Byeong-Gon
Published: October 2018

Symbiotic stars often exhibit broad wings around Balmer emission lines, whose origin is still controversial. We present high-resolution spectra of the S type symbiotic stars Z Andromedae and AG Draconis obtained with the ESPaDOnS and the 3.6 m Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope to investigate the broad wings around Hα and Hβ. When Hα and Hβ lines are overplotted in the Doppler space, it is noted that Hα profiles are overall broader than Hβ in these two objects. Adopting a Monte Carlo approach, we consider the formation of broad wings of Hα and Hβ through Raman scattering of far-UV radiation around Lyβ and Lyγ and Thomson scattering by free electrons. Raman scattering wings are simulated by choosing an H i region with a neutral hydrogen column density N
H i
and a covering factor CF. For Thomson wings, the ionized scattering region is assumed to fully cover the Balmer emission nebula and is characterized by the electron temperature T
e and the electron column density N
e. Thomson wings of Hα and Hβ have the same width that is proportional to

. However, Raman wings of Hα are overall three times wider than Hβ counterparts, which is attributed to different cross sections for Lyβ and Lyγ. Normalized to have the same peak values and presented in the Doppler factor space, Hα wings of Z And and AG Dra are observed to be significantly wider than their Hβ counterparts, favoring the Raman scattering origin for broad Balmer wings.
Amphipod Behavioral Adaptations to the Absence of Surface Water
Authors: Gilbert Heather
Published: October 2018

In the Mid-Atlantic Piedmont and Coastal Plain the hypotelminorheic habitat—a shallow subterranean habitat typically underlain by a clay layer—is inhabited by many species that are both troglomorphic (reduced or absent eyes and pigment and elaborated appendages) and stygobiotic (limited to subterranean habitats). Among these is the amphipod species Stygobromus tenuis potomacus. Crangonyx shoemakeri, is a stygophile that also occurs in wetlands as well as the hypotelminorheic. A third amphipod is occasionally found in seeps, most commonly those with direct connections to permanent surface streams—Gammarus minus. Little is understood about how species survive the seasonal changes including drastic water fluctuations. To explore this question, a laboratory experiment was conducted to measure the death rates of amphipod species in a clay substrate habitat when open surface water was removed to determine whether the ability to burrow into clay substrates is an important factor in the occurrence of S. tenuis potomacus species and C. shoemakeri in seeps and hypotelminorheic habitats as well as determine if the inability to burrow explains the general absence of Gammarus minus from seeps. Overall, there is a 25 percent increase in mortality for G. minus when subjected to drying, a statistically significant difference (G=8.73, p<.005). On the other hand, there is no apparent statistically significant difference in survival rates between S. tenuis potomacus and C. shoemakeri. This survivability may be attributable to their behaviors. To protect these species, and the endemic and endangered species of amphipod like Stygobromus hayi, it is important to preserve the habitat, including the clay layer. Management strategies should focus on conserving these key habitats, not just the endangered species.
A new group of compounds derived from 4-, 5-, 6- and 7-aminoindoles with antimicrobial activity
Authors: Stepanenko Irina S. , Yamashkin Semen A. , Kostina Yuliya A. , Batarsheva Alyona A. , Mironov Mikhail A.
Published: October 2018

Introduction. The problem of antibiotic resistance of microorganisms is becoming more urgent in the twenty-first century. Microorganisms possess an evolutionary adaptive capacity. Non-adherence to the basic principles of rational antibiotic therapy leads to menacing consequences. More and more pathogenic microbes are becoming resistant to two or more antibiotics. The search for new compounds with antimicrobial activity is one of the principles for overcoming the antibiotic resistance of microorganisms.

Materials and methods. Eighteen test-strains of microorganisms and more than 2000 clinical strains of microorganisms, representating the families Micrococcaceae, Streptococcaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Moraxellaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Sphingomonadaceae, Xanthomonadaceae were studied for sensitivity to the compounds derived from 4-, 5-, 6- and 7-aminoindoles. A method of serial dilutions to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the compounds under study was used in the study, as well as a disc diffusion method.

Results and discussion. Sensitivity of the test-strains and of clinical strains of microorganisms to the resulting compounds was studied. The compounds based on substituted 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-aminoindoles showed different activity against the test strains and experimental strains of microorganisms in vitro. It was found that the marked antibacterial activity was exhibited by the compounds containing a trifluoromethyl group. The most significant activity was noted in amides and pyrroloquinolones based on 4-aminoindole, 6-aminoindole and 7-aminoindole.The most effective compounds with laboratory codes 5D, 7D, 39D, S3, HD, 4D showed a pronounced antibacterial activity.

Conclusion. Antimicrobial activity of the substituted amides and pyrroloquinolines on the basis of 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-aminoindoles was etermined in our study, as well as the spectra of their action against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms, which are causative agents of non-specific and certain specific human infectious diseases. Moreover, we evaluated the synthetic potentials of the substituted 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-aminoindoles as the starting compounds for synthesizing a series of indolylamides and pyrroloquinolines. Also, the prospects for targeted synthesis of biologically active compounds based on indole-type aromatic amines were determined.
ÇALIŞMA EKONOMİSİ VE ENDÜSTRİ İLİŞKİLERİ BÖLÜMÜ ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN KİMLİK ALGILARI VE İŞGÜCÜ PİYASALARINDAKİ BEKLENTİLERİ
Authors: KIREL A. Çiğdem , ÖZKAN Yılmaz , CANBEY ÖZGÜLER Verda , ÖZDEMİR M. Çağlar , KOCABAŞ Fatma , ERDOĞAN Ekrem
Published: October 2018

Çalışma Ekonomisi ve Endüstri İlişkileri (ÇEEİ), Türkiye genelinde 36 üniversitede kurulu,27 üniversitede eğitim veren disiplinler arası özelliğe sahip bir bölümdür. İktisat,Hukuk, Sosyoloji ve Psikoloji ana arterlerinin kesişim kümesinde, işgücü piyasaları,sosyal politika, iş ve sosyal güvenlik hukuku, insan kaynakları yönetimi, çalışma sosyolojisi ile örgütselyönetim ve çalışma psikolojisi gibi konularla ilgilenir. Geniş akademik yelpazesi, bu alanda eğitim görenöğrencilerde kimi zaman kimlik karmaşasına neden olmaktadır. Bu makale, ÇEEİ öğrencilerininbölüme ilişkin kanaatlerini, kimlik algılarını, işgücü piyasalarındaki beklentilerini ve değerleri arasındakieşgüdüm ilişkisini tespit etmek amacıyla Anadolu Üniversitesi ve Sakarya Üniversitesi ortaklığındayürütülüp tamamlanmış araştırma projesinin çıktılarını içermektedir. Yeterli istatistiki örneklemkapasitesi sayesinde Türkiye genelinde eğitim alan ÇEEİ öğrencilerinin genel algısını gösterebilme kabiliyetinesahip önemli ve orijinal bir çalışmadır. Araştırma, anketlere cevap alınabilen 25 ÇEEİ bölümündeeğitim alan 3.927 öğrenciyi kapsamaktadır. Kesitsel tarama modeline dayalı nicel yöntemle yürütülen araştırmada öğrenci sayılarına, sınıflara, öğretim türlerine ve cinsiyete duyarlı hazırlanmışyapılandırılmış anket uygulanmıştır. Veriler SPSS V21 ve Minitab programlarında analiz edilmiştir.Araştırma bulguları; Genel Nitelikli Bulgular ile Bölüm Kalitesi ve Öğrencilerin Kimlik Algısına ilişkinBulgular şeklinde iki ana başlıkta sınıflandırılmıştır. Bu kapsamda, öğrencilerin bölüme ilişkinkanaatleri; eğitim kalitesi, ölçme değerlendirme, mesleki yetkinlik algısı, iletişim becerisi, demokratikve sosyal haklar, yurt dışı imkânları ve kimlik algısı gibi birçok bileşene çerçevesinde tespit edilmiştir.
ÜNİVERSİTE SON SINIF ÖĞRENCİLERİNDE İŞSİZLİK KAYGISI VE GİRİŞİMCİLİK NİYETİ İLİŞKİSİ: TRA1 BÖLGESİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: KARCIOĞLU Fatih , BALKAYA Ensar
Published: October 2018

Bu çalışmanın amacı, üniversite son sınıf öğrencilerinde girişimcilik niyeti ve işsizlik kaygısı düzeyini belirleyerek bu iki değişken arasında ve işsizlik kaygısının alt boyutları ile girişimcilik niyeti arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymaktır. Bu temel amacın yanı sıra araştırmada, bazı demografik özelliklere göre girişimcilik niyeti ve işsizlik kaygısının farklılık gösterip göstermediğinin belirlenmesi de amaçlanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda 802 son sınıf öğrencisine anket uygulanmıştır. Kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile uygulanan anketlerle elde edilen veriler SPSS 22.0 programında Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis ve Korelasyon testleri ile analiz edilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen analizlerin sonuçlarına göre son sınıf öğrencilerinin yaşadığı işsizlik kaygısı ile girişimcilik niyetleri arasında anlamlı, pozitif yönde ve zayıf, işsizlik kaygısının alt boyutlarından kişisel karamsarlık ve özgüven eksikliği dışında diğer üç alt boyut ile girişimcilik niyeti arasında anlamlı pozitif yönde ve zayıf bir ilişkinin olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Yine elde edilen bulgulara göre işsizlik kaygısı ve girişimcilik niyetinin, bazı demografik özelliklere göre farklılık gösterdiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
SOSYAL POLİTİKA AÇISINDAN MESLEK EDİNİLMİŞ GEÇİCİ İŞ İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: ÇAVUŞ Ö. Hakan
Published: October 2018

Sanayi Devriminin ortaya çıktığı dönemde geçerli olan liberal ekonomi uygulamaları zamanla ortaya çıkan işçi sınıfı başta olmak üzere toplumun diğer kesimlerini de sosyal, ekonomik ve siyasi yönden olumsuz yönde etkilemiştir. Bu gelişmelerin sonucunda, devletin piyasaya müdahale ederek sosyal koruma sağlamak ve refahı yaygınlaştırmak amaçlarıyla eğitim, sağlık, sosyal güvenlik, konut vb. politikalarla sosyal politikaların uygulamasına yönelik düzenlemeler yapmıştır. Sosyal politikanın bir aracı sayılabilecek İş Hukuku uygulamaları ile teknolojik gelişmelere bağlı ortaya çıkan esnek istihdam biçimleri zamanla hukuki altyapıya kavuşturulmuştur. Esnek istihdam biçimlerinden bir tanesi olan geçici (ödünç) iş ilişkisi hukukumuza 4857 sayılı İş Kanunu ile girmiştir. Geçici iş ilişkisinin bir diğer şekli olan meslek edinilmiş geçici iş ilişkisi 06.05.2016 tarihli ve 6715 sayılı Kanun ile İş Kanunumuza girmiştir.Çalışmamızda öncelikle Sanayi Devrimi ile başlayan ve teknolojiye dayalı gelişen esnek istihdam biçimlerinin gelişim süreçleri ele alınmıştır. Daha sonra meslek edinilmiş geçici iş ilişkisi, Uluslararası Çalışma Örgütü (UÇÖ) ve Avrupa Belgelerindeki düzenlemeler ile birlikte değerlendirilmiştir.
ÇALIŞANLARIN SOSYAL SORUMLULUK VE ÇEVRE ALGILARI: SAKİN KENT (CİTTASLOW) UZUNDERE ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: KÜÇÜKALİ Adnan , ŞEN Uğur
Published: October 2018

1999 yılında İtalya’da başlayan sakin kenthareketi, günümüzde doğal olanın korunmasına ve geleneksel değerlerin kaybolmasına karşı, uluslararası boyutta bir tepki haline gelmiştir. Sakin kent hareketinin genel merkezi, oluşturduğu standartlar aracılığıyla, sakin kent unvanını elde etmek isteyen, nüfusu 50 binin altında olan çevreye, doğal ve yerel değerlere uygun kentlerin, organize bir şekilde ve küresel boyutta faaliyetlerini sürdürmelerine zemin hazırlamaktadır.Türkiye’deki 14 sakin kentten birisi olan Uzundere, henüz bu unvanı almamış çevre illere de bir rol model olma durumundadır. Bu yeni oluşum diğer sakin kentlerde olduğu gibi yalnızca çevreyi ve doğal yaşamı korumak ve geleneksel değerleri yaşatmakla yetinmemekte aynı zamanda kentin sosyoekonomik gelişmişlik düzeyine de katkı sağlamaktadır.Bu araştırmada, sakin kent Uzundere’de kamu ve özel sektör çalışanlarından oluşan toplam 183 bireyin sosyal sorumluluk ve çevre algıları inceleme konusu yapılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler,Uzundere’nin sakin kent olmasınınçalışma hayatıüzerinde olumlu etkileri olduğunu ancak çalışanların sakin kent oluşumu ve sonrasında kentin yönetimi,kentle ilgili alınan kararların uygulanması süreçlerinde daha etkin düzeyde demokratik katılımlarının sağlanmasının beklentisi içerisinde olduklarını ortaya koymuştur.
Die Godsdienstig-Kulturele bydrae van die Hugenote tot die Afrikaanse volks-wording
Authors: Ploeger J.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Die Reformatoriese Dogmatiese bevestiging van die Parthenogenesis in enkele belangrike konfessies en leerboeke
Authors: Koekemoer P.J.T.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Well-posedness of Third Order Differential Equations in Hölder Continuous Function Spaces
Authors: Bu Shangquan , Cai Gang
Published: October 2018

In this paper, by using operator-valued${\dot{C}}^{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}}$-Fourier multiplier results on vector-valued Hölder continuous function spaces, we give a characterization of the$C^{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}}$-well-posedness for the third order differential equations$au^{\prime \prime \prime }(t)+u^{\prime \prime }(t)=Au(t)+Bu^{\prime }(t)+f(t)$, ($t\in \mathbb{R}$), where$A,B$are closed linear operators on a Banach space$X$such that$D(A)\subset D(B)$,$a\in \mathbb{C}$and$0<\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}<1$.
Large deviations and sum rules for spectral theory: a pedagogical approach
Authors: Breuer Jonathan , Simon Barry , Zeitouni Ofer
Published: October 2018

This is a pedagogical exposition of the large deviation approach to sum rules pioneered by Gamboa, Nagel and Rouault. We’ll explain how to use their ideas to recover the Szegő and Killip–Simon Theorems. The primary audience is spectral theorists and people working on orthogonal polynomials who have limited familiarity with the theory of large deviations.
"Ingresar al Ejército no es elegir matar": hacia la comprensión de las narrativas emocionales de los soldados profesionales de Colombia
Authors: Forero Ángel Ana María , González Quintero Catalina , Ramírez González Simón , Zárate Guerrero Felipe
Published: October 2018

Se analizan dos eventos emocionales de los soldados profesionales de Colombia. Definiremos evento emocional como un hecho que el narrador define como estructurador de su vida presente. Metodología. Nos basamos en las entrevistas obtenidas durante el trabajo de campo desarrollado entre 2015-2017. Resultados. Los eventos emocionales encontrados fueron: ‘Ya no me acuerdo de la civil: soy quien soy ahora’, ‘Cambio de mentalidad’. En el primero, los soldados dan cuenta de cómo una vez han ingresado a la institución, la vida civil deja de ser un referente en su cotidianidad. En el segundo, los soldados narran cómo en la Escuela de Soldados Profesionales (ESPRO) no se les enseña a matar, esto se aprende en el área. Conclusiones. Al final encontramos que el estudio de las emociones es de vital importancia cuando se pretende comprender la vida cotidiana de las personas que forma parte de instituciones complejas como el ejército colombiano.
Метод максимального правдоподобия в теореме де Финетти
Authors: Melkumova Lana Eduardovna , Shatskikh Sergey Yakovlevich
Published: October 2018

Теорема де Финетти утверждает, что бесконечная последовательность перестановочных случайных величин обладает свойством условной независимости и условной одинаковой распределенности относительно некоторой случайной величины (или порожденной ею сигма-алгебры). В нашей работе дано построение этой случайной величины с помощью метода максимального правдоподобия.
Редуцированные критические ветвящиеся процессы для малых популяций
Authors: Liu Minzhi , Vatutin Vladimir Alekseevich
Published: October 2018

Рассматривается критический ветвящийся процесс Гальтона-Ватсона $\{ Z(n), n\geq 0\} $ с конечной дисперсией числа потомков частиц. Предполагая, что $00$, либо $\varphi(n)=o(n)$ при $n\to \infty $, мы исследуем структуру процесса $\{ Z(m,n), 0\leq m\leq n\}$, где $Z(m,n)$ - число частиц в исходном процессе в момент $m\leq n$, имеющих положительное число потомков в момент $n$.
Reducing inequalities and strengthening social cohesion through inclusive growth: a roadmap for action
Authors: Boarini Romina , Causa Orsetta , Fleurbaey Marc , Grimalda Gianluca , Woolard Ingrid
Published: October 2018

The authors propose a policy compact to achieve more inclusive growth in G20 countries so that economic growth regains the ultimate sense of improving all people’s lives. Guiding principles are: 1) prosperity is not just about income but about all relevant outcomes of well-being and capabilities to overcome the initial social disadvantage; 2) it is also about including people in participatory decision-making to enhance their dignity and control over their lives; 3) excluding people from reaping the benefits of growth will thwart social cohesion and well-being; 4) integrated policy approaches are needed to achieve inclusive growth, across policy domains and between national and global actions, including responsible management of migratory movements. Concrete policy actions are described that span education, labor, fiscal instruments, public and private governance.
Mesospheric nitric oxide model from SCIAMACHY data
Authors: Bender Stefan , Sinnhuber Miriam , Espy Patrick J. , Burrows John P.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. We present an empirical model for nitric oxide (NO) in the mesosphere (≈ 60–90 km) derived from SCIAMACHY limb scan data. This work complements and extends the NOEM (Nitric Oxide Empirical Model, Marsh et al. (2004)) and SANOMA (SMR Acquired Nitric Oxide Model Atmosphere, Kiviranta et al. (2018)) empirical models in the lower thermosphere. The regression ansatz builds on the heritage of studies by Hendrickx et al. (2017) and the super-posed epoch analysis by Sinnhuber et al. (2016) which estimate NO production from particle precipitation. Our model relates the daily (longitudinally) averaged NO number densities from SCIAMACHY (Bender et al., 2017b, a) as a function of geomagnetic latitude to the solar Lyman-α and the geomagnetic AE indices. We use a non-linear regression model incorporating a finite and seasonally varying lifetime for the geomagnetically induced NO. We estimate the parameters by finding the maximum posterior probability and calculate the parameter uncertainties using Markov-Chain Monte-Carlo sampling. In addition to providing an estimate of the NO content in the mesosphere, the regression coefficients indicate regions where certain processes dominate.
A Human Centric Approach on the Analysis of the Smart City Concept: the case study of the Limassol city in Cyprus
Authors: Alverti Maroula N. , Themistocleous Kyriakos , Kyriakidis Phaedon C. , Hadjimitsis Diofantos G.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The impact of medium-sized southern European cities challenges on the
“smartness” of the city is a quite interesting case that is not quite
analyzed yet. Our scientific objective is to find a simple understandable
model linking human smart characteristics to a group of socio-demographic and
urban environment indices, applied to the case of Limassol Urban Complex, the
southernmost European city, with a total population of 208 980. The data set
of the analysis contains 25 variables in 3 thematic domains using as spatial
analysis level, the 126 postal code areas of the most urbanized part of the
city. The study results obtained through multivariate statistical analysis
and thematic cartography using GIS technology. The results reveal that the
human smart characteristics consist of the use of high-speed internet and
broad band telephony, recycling activities, employment in creative industry,
high educational attainment and open-mindedness (i.e. participation in EU
elections), are significantly correlated with demographic dynamics and built
infrastructure characteristics. Creativity and open-mindedness tend to appear
in most densely urban areas, mostly occupied by indigenous inhabitants.
Recycling and technology oriented smart characteristics are mostly correlated
with no-native residents, and high educational attainment. In the outskirts
of the city of Limassol the developing dynamics are almost the same with a
greater blend between native and non-native inhabitants.
Long-term Surface Temperature (LoST) Database as a complement for GCM preindustrial simulations
Authors: Cuesta-Valero Francisco José , García-García Almudena , Beltrami Hugo , Zorita Eduardo , Jaume-Santero Fernando
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Estimates of climate sensitivity from General Circulation Model (GCM) simulations still present a large spread despite the continued improvements in climate modeling since the 1970s. This variability is partially caused by the dependence of several long-term feedback mechanisms on the reference climate state. Indeed, state-of-the-art GCMs present a large spread of control climate states probably due to the lack of a suitable reference for constraining the climatology of preindustrial simulations. We assemble a new gridded database of long-term ground surface temperatures (LoST database) obtained from geothermal data over North America, and we explore its use as a potential reference for the evaluation of GCM preindustrial simulations. We compare the LoST database with observations from the CRU database, as well as with five past millennium transient climate simulations and five preindustrial control simulations from the third phase of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP3) and the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The database is consistent with meteorological observations as well as with both types of preindustrial simulations, which suggests that LoST temperatures can be employed as a reference to narrow down the spread of surface temperature climatologies on GCM preindustrial control and past millennium simulations.
Radiocarbon measurements of ecosystem respiration and soil pore-space CO2 in Utqiaġvik (Barrow), Alaska
Authors: Vaughn Lydia J. S. , Torn Margaret S.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Radiocarbon measurements of ecosystem respiration and soil pore space
CO2 are useful for determining the sources of ecosystem respiration,
identifying environmental controls on soil carbon cycling rates, and
parameterizing and evaluating models of the carbon cycle. We measured flux
rates and radiocarbon content of
ecosystem respiration, as well as radiocarbon in soil profile CO2 in
Utqiaġvik (Barrow), Alaska, during the summers of 2012, 2013, and 2014.
We found that radiocarbon in ecosystem respiration
(Δ14CReco) ranged from +60.5 to −160 ‰ with a
median value of +23.3 ‰. Ecosystem respiration became more
depleted in radiocarbon from summer to autumn, indicating increased
decomposition of old soil organic carbon and/or decreased CO2
production from fast-cycling carbon pools. Across permafrost features,
ecosystem respiration from high-centered polygons was depleted in radiocarbon
relative to other polygon types. Radiocarbon content in soil pore-space
CO2 varied between −7.1 and −280 ‰, becoming more
negative with depth in individual soil profiles. These pore-space radiocarbon
values correspond to CO2 mean ages of 410 to 3350 years, based on a
steady-state, one-pool model. Together, these data indicate that
deep soil
respiration was derived primarily from old, slow-cycling carbon, but
that total CO2 fluxes depended largely on autotrophic respiration and
heterotrophic decomposition of fast-cycling carbon within the shallowest soil
layers. The relative contributions of these different CO2 sources
were highly variable across
microtopographic features and time in the sampling season. The highly
negative Δ14C values in soil pore-space CO2 and autumn
ecosystem respiration indicate that when it is not frozen, very old soil
carbon is vulnerable to decomposition. Radiocarbon data and associated
CO2 flux and temperature data are stored in the data repository of
the Next Generation Ecosystem Experiments (NGEE-Arctic) at
http://dx.doi.org/10.5440/1364062 and
https://doi.org/10.5440/1418853.
Implementation and validation of a new operational wave forecasting system of the Mediterranean Monitoring and Forecasting Centre in the framework of the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service
Authors: Ravdas Michalis , Zacharioudaki Anna , Korres Gerasimos
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Within the framework of the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS),
an operational wave forecasting system for the Mediterranean Sea has
been implemented by the Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR) and
evaluated through a series of preoperational tests and subsequently for 1
full year of simulations (2014). The system is based on the WAM model and it
has been developed as a nested sequence of two computational grids to ensure
that occasional remote swell propagating from the North Atlantic
correctly enters the Mediterranean Sea through the Strait of Gibraltar.
The Mediterranean model has a grid spacing of 1∕24∘. It is driven with
6-hourly analysis and 5-day forecast 10 m ECMWF winds. It accounts for
shoaling and refraction due to bathymetry and surface currents, which are
provided in offline mode by CMEMS. Extensive statistics on the system
performance have been calculated by comparing model results with in situ and
satellite observations. Overall, the significant wave height is accurately
simulated by the model while less accurate but reasonably good results are
obtained for the mean wave period. In both cases, the model performs
optimally at offshore wave buoy locations and well-exposed Mediterranean
subregions. Within enclosed basins and near the coast, unresolved
topography by the wind and wave models and fetch limitations cause the wave
model performance to deteriorate. Model performance is better in winter when
the wave conditions are well defined. On the whole, the new forecast system
provides reliable forecasts. Future improvements include data assimilation
and higher-resolution wind forcing.
Data assimilation of SMOS observations into the Mercator Ocean operational system: focus on the Nino 2015 event
Authors: Tranchant Benoît , Remy Elisabeth , Greiner Eric , Legalloudec Olivier
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Monitoring Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) is important for understanding and forecasting the ocean circulation. It is even crucial in the context of the acceleration of the water cycle. Until recently, SSS was one of the less observed essential ocean variables. Only sparse in situ observations, most often closer to 5 meters deep than the surface, were available to estimate the SSS. The recent satellite missions of ESA's SMOS, NASA's Aquarius, and now SMAP have made possible for the first time to measure SSS from space. The SSS drivers can be quite different than the temperature ones. The model SSS can suffer from significant errors coming not only from the ocean dynamical model but also the atmospheric precipitation and evaporation as well as ice melting and river runoff. Satellite SSS can bring a valuable additional constraint to control the model salinity. In the framework of the SMOS Nino 2015 ESA project (https://www.godae-oceanview.org/projects/smos-nino15/), the impact of satellite SSS data assimilation is assessed with the Met Office and Mercator Ocean global ocean analysis and forecasting systems with a focus on the Tropical Pacific region. This article presents the analysis of an Observing System Experiment (OSE) conducted with the 1/4° resolution Mercator Ocean analysis and forecasting system. SSS data assimilation constrains the model SSS to be closer to the observations in a coherent way with the other data sets already routinely assimilated in an operational context. Globally, the SMOS SSS assimilation has a positive impact in salinity over the top 30 meters. Comparisons to independent data sets show a small but positive impact. The sea surface height (SSH) has also been impacted by implying a reinforcement of TIWs during the El-Niño 2015/16 event. Finally, this study helped us to progress in the understanding of the biases and errors that can degrade the SMOS SSS performance.
A high-resolution climate record spanning the past 17 000 years recovered from Lake Ohau, South Island, New Zealand
Authors: Levy Richard H. , Dunbar Gavin B. , Vandergoes Marcus J. , Howarth Jamie D. , Kingan Tony , Pyne Alex R. , Brotherston Grant , Clarke Michael , Dagg Bob , Hill Matthew , Kenton Evan , Little Steve , Mandeno Darcy , Moy Chris , Muldoon Philip , Doyle Patrick , Raines Conrad , Rutland Peter , Strong Delia , Terezow Marianna , Cochrane Leise , Cossu Remo , Fitzsimons Sean , Florindo Fabio , Forrest Alexander L. , Gorman Andrew R. , Kaufman Darrell S. , Lee Min Kyung , Li Xun , Lurcock Pontus , McKay Nicholas , Nelson Faye , Purdie Jennifer , Roop Heidi A. , Schladow S. Geoffrey , Sood Abha , Upton Phaedra , Walker Sharon L. , Wilson Gary S.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. A new annually resolved sedimentary record of Southern
Hemisphere mid-latitude hydroclimate was recovered from Lake Ohau, South
Island, New Zealand, in March 2016. The Lake Ohau Climate History (LOCH)
project acquired cores from two sites (LOCH-1 and -2) that preserve sequences
of laminated mud that accumulated since the lake formed ∼ 17 000 years
ago. Cores were recovered using a purpose-built barge and drilling system
designed to recover soft sediment from thick sedimentary sequences in lake
systems up to 150 m deep. This system can be transported in two to three
40 ft long shipping containers and is suitable for use in a range of
geographic locations. A comprehensive suite of data has been collected from
the sedimentary sequence using state-of-the-art analytical equipment and
techniques. These new observations of past environmental variability augment
the historical instrumental record and are currently being integrated with
regional climate and hydrological modelling studies to explore causes of
variability in extreme/flood events over the past several millennia.
When one is not enough. Professional Perception of Traditional Ethical Mechanisms for New Times in Journalism
Authors: Herrera Damas Susana , Maciá Barber Carlos , Luengo Cruz María
Published: October 2018

The aim of this article is to analyse the perception of Spanish journalists in relation to the greater or lesser effectiveness of traditional self regulation mechanisms in comparison to new mechanisms that have recently emerged with the arrival of digital technologies. Results from surveys (n=420), in-depth interviews (n=30) and focus groups (n=6) confirm the acceptance of these mechanisms whose greatest impact requires the operation of all of them as a “system”, because considered individually, none are as effective in securing more ethical behavior in the company which decides to use them. The instrument that receives the highest score (7.5) is the public pressure through social networks. The concept of a seal of ethical quality has been valued in line with the existing mechanisms. In any case, it seems that neither the seal nor the rest of the analyzed instruments may ever replace the personal ethics of the journalist that appears as the bedrock of the strata that determines ethics in journalistic outlets.
La Influencia de la temática informativa en la presencia de los roles cívico y de infoentretenimiento en la prensa chilena: un estudio cross-longitudinal entre 1990 y 2010
Authors: Mellado Claudia , Vargas María Soledad
Published: October 2018

Importantes transformaciones políticas, sociales y tecnológicas ocurridas durante las últimas décadas han afectado a los sistemas de medios, así como a la profesión periodística en Latinoamérica. A través de un análisis de contenido crosslongitudinal (N= 2,431) de noticias publicadas en la prensa impresa nacional chilena entre 1990 y 2010, el estudio analiza la evolución de la presencia de los roles cívico y de infoentretenimiento en las noticias, así como la influencia que la temática informativa tiene en la presencia de ambos roles profesionales a lo largo del tiempo. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas en la presencia de ambos roles profesionales, según la temática principal abordada, así como la influencia, en distintos niveles, del tipo de prensa – elite – popular) y el tiempo, en la materialización de los roles cívico e infoentretenimiento en las noticias chilenas.
Los inmigrantes y la prensa étnica en España: evolución, trascendencia y situación actual de una prensa especializada en inmigración
Authors: Sanders Karen , Zorogastua Jessica
Published: October 2018

En España, un país al que llegaron más de cinco millones de inmigrantes en apenas una década, este fenómeno social produjo importantes cambios, entre ellos en el ámbito de la comunicación. Este artículo analiza el nacimiento y evolución de la prensa étnica, surgida en torno a los inmigrantes, que pasaron de ver a los extranjeros como un elemento informativo a clientes potenciales de sus servicios. De esta manera, a través de la medición y estudios del consumo de prensa general y étnica por parte de los inmigrantes así como de la valoración que otorgaban a los nuevos medios especializados, se ha podido conocer la importancia que tuvieron para cubrir las necesidades informativas de los extranjeros a la vez que contribuían en su proceso de integración en la sociedad de acogida.
Encuadres y uso de fuentes en la vigilancia mediática. Análisis de prensa argentina y chilena: casos José López y Caval
Authors: Tagle Francisco Javier , Claro Cecilia
Published: October 2018

Entre las funciones que se esperan de los medios de comunicación en las democracias está la de ser vigilantes del poder. Sin embargo, este ideal normativo debe ser contrastado con la realidad, dado que los medios frente a los casos de corrupción política utilizan ciertos encuadres y seleccionan determinados tipos de fuentes para construir los relatos. Todo esto, teniendo en consideración, que los sistemas de medios latinoamericanos, que es en donde se inserta este estudio, se caracterizan, entre otros aspectos, por un bajo pluralismo, lo que puede obstaculizar un adecuado tratamiento informativo. A través de los casos José López en Argentina y Caval en Chile, se intenta evaluar respectivamente el rol de vigilancia que tuvieron en sus coberturas los diarios argentinos Clarín y La Nación; y los chilenos El Mercurio de Santiago y La Tercera. De esta manera, se proponen dos categorías de análisis que se consideran fundamentales al momento de estudiar esta función mediática para las democracias regionales: los encuadres y las fuentes.
Criterios para el análisis de la calidad televisiva y el sensacionalismo en los programas de entretenimiento
Authors: Ferrer Ceresola Rosa María
Published: October 2018

Este artículo analiza la definición y las variables propias de la calidad televisiva en los programas de entretenimiento, con el objetivo de analizar la televisión sensacionalista. Las investigaciones sobre calidad televisiva ponen de manifiesto, tanto en Europa como en los Estados Unidos, la dificultad a la hora de elaborar criterios comunes aplicables al análisis o, incluso, adecuarlos para definir la calidad televisiva. Se trata de un ámbito donde la mayor parte de los estudios se dirigen a la investigación de la audiencia o se centran en abordar la calidad del sistema televisivo en su totalidad, prestando poca atención al análisis de los criterios que la definen. Los resultados de esta investigación reflejan que los valores de calidad se sustituyen por la copia de formatos, la vulneración de los derechos democráticos, la escasa diversidad, los contenidos polémicos, la distorsión de la realidad y el auge de las noticias de escasa trascendencia.
Los intelectuales de izquierda y sus debates en la prensa durante la Transición: la configuración regional del Estado y el caso de Félix Grande
Authors: Gómez Vaquero Alberto
Published: October 2018

Debido al prestigio ganado en la lucha contra la dictadura, los intelectuales de izquierda gozaron de gran respeto durante la transición. La prensa se convirtió en el medio habitual de participación en el debate público para esos intelectuales. En este artículo se explica la importancia que tuvo el debate sobre la configuración regional del Estado y su desarrollo en la prensa diaria de la época. Además, se establece cómo se manifestó un intelectual concreto —Félix Grande— respecto al mismo.
La deformación del servicio público en las televisiones autonómicas. Gestión empresarial y supervivencia de la RTVA
Authors: Labio Bernal Aurora , García Orta María José , Romero-Domínguez Lorena R.
Published: October 2018

Tras más de 25 años de existencia de la Radio Televisión Pública de Andalucía (RTVA), analizamos los problemas que posee el ente andaluz en un contexto de crisis económica, con una gestión empresarial que ha hecho peligrar su estabilidad e, incluso, su supervivencia. Para diagnosticar su situación, agravada en los tres últimos años, estudiaremos la politización del Consejo de Administración; el cierre de Canal Sur 2 y su impacto sobre la diversidad de contenidos; así como la polémica entre producción propia y externa. El aumento del déficit, la reducción de la publicidad y de los presupuestos, se ha producido en un contexto político favorable para cuestionar el papel de las televisiones autonómicas. La modificación de la Ley General Audiovisual en 2012, que abría la puerta a la privatización de estas cadenas, y la aprobación del Contrato-Programa de la RTVA ese mismo año, han propiciado medidas de ajuste que analizaremos en este artículo.
Repercusión de la muerte de Fidel Castro en Santiago de Cuba. Aparición y evolución del "event" en las agendas política y mediática
Authors: Muñiz Zúñiga Viviana
Published: October 2018

La muerte de Fidel Castro el 25 de noviembre de 2016 impactó a la sociedad cubana, principalmente a los medios de comunicación encargados de brindar cobertura informativa al hecho. La presente investigación explica la relación entre las agendas política y mediática durante el acontecimiento en la provincia Santiago de Cuba, donde actualmente descansan las cenizas del líder revolucionario. Se utilizaron técnicas como el análisis de contenido, la correlación de Spearman, las entrevistas y los grupos de discusión con periodistas, para caracterizar la cobertura informativa del tema desde las experiencias de los profesionales que participaron en ella. El estudio explica las fases de evolución de este event en las agendas analizadas: la de irrupción del tema, permanencia en la agenda y decadencia y posible aparición de un nuevo objeto, lo que se visualiza a través de un diagrama que permite comprender el proceso en cada etapa.
De la práctica fílmica a la crítica y analítica. El cine alternativo y militante en la prensa cinematográfica del tardofranquismo y la transición a la democracia (1967-1978)
Authors: Nieto Ferrando Jorge
Published: October 2018

El cine alternativo producido en España en el tardofranquismo y la transición a la democracia viene acompañado de una importante reflexión sobre su naturaleza, tipología y función. A partir de una selección de publicaciones periódicas representativas, este artículo pretende analizar los temas que centran dicha reflexión: el cine amateur, el posibilismo, el cine político en Latinoamérica y Francia, el denominado “cine de las nacionalidades”, el cine militante y las nuevas tendencias en la reflexión y en la crítica cinematográfica. También se aprecia la incidencia de estas reflexiones en la producción de cine alternativo, en concreto en el militante y contrainformativo.