bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Ultrathin Inorganic Molecular Crystal Interfacial Layer for Stable Zn Anode
Authors: Xiao Ping , Wu Yu , Liu Kailang , Feng Xin , Liang Jianing , Zhao Yinghe , Wang Chenggang , Xu Xijin , Zhai Tianyou , Li Huiqiao
Published: August 2023

Zn metal anode suffers from dendrite growth and side reactions during cycling, significantly deteriorating the lifespan of aqueous Zn metal batteries. Herein, we introduced an ultrathin and ultra‐flat Sb2O3 molecular crystal layer to stabilize Zn anode. The in situ optical and atomic force microscopes observations show that such a 10 nm Sb2O3 thin layer could ensure uniform under‐layer Zn deposition with suppressed tip growth effect, while the traditional WO3 layer undergoes an uncontrolled up‐layer Zn deposition. The superior regulation capability is attributed to the good electronic‐blocking ability and low Zn affinity of the molecular crystal layer, free of dangling bonds. Electrochemical tests exhibit Sb2O3 layer can significantly improve the cycle life of Zn anode from 72 h to 2800 h, in contrast to the 900 h of much thicker WO3 even in 100 nm. This research opens up the application of inorganic molecular crystals as the interfacial layer of Zn anode.
Strong Inhibition of Ice Growth by Biomimetic Crowding Coacervates
Authors: Liu Zhang , Cao Huimei , Fan Yaxun , Wang Yilin , Wang Jianjun
Published: August 2023

The freezing of biological fluids is intensively studied but remains elusive as it is affected not only by the various components but also by the crowding nature of the biological fluids. Herein, we constructed spherical crowders, fibrous crowders, and coacervates by various components ranging from surfactants to polymers and proteins, to mimic three typical crowders in biological fluids, i.e., globular proteins, fibrous networks, and condensates of biomolecules. It is elucidated that the three crowders exhibit low, moderate, and strong ice growth inhibition activity, respectively, resulting from their different abilities in slowing down water dynamics. Intriguingly, the coacervate consisting of molecules without obvious ice growth inhibition activity strongly inhibits ice growth, which is firstly employed as a highly‐potent cryoprotectant. This work provides new insights into the survival of freezing‐tolerant organisms and opens an avenue for the design of ice‐controlling materials.
Enabling New Approaches: Recent Advances in Processing Aliphatic Polycarbonate‐Based Materials
Authors: Wei Peiran , Bhat Gulzar A. , Darensbourg Donald J.
Published: August 2023

Aliphatic polycarbonates (aPCs) have become increasingly popular as functional materials due to their biocompatibility and capacity for on‐demand degradation. Advances in polymerization techniques and the introduction of new functional monomers have expanded the library of aPCs available, offering a diverse range of chemical compositions and structures. To accommodate the emerging requirements of new applications in biomedical and energy‐related fields, various manufacturing techniques have been adopted for processing aPC‐based materials. However, a summary of these techniques has yet to be conducted. The aim of this paper is to enrich the toolbox available to researchers, enabling them to select the most suitable technique for their materials. In this paper, a concise review of the recent progress in processing techniques, including controlled self‐assembly, electrospinning, additive manufacturing, and other techniques, is presented. We also highlight the specific challenges and opportunities for the sustainable growth of this research area and the successful integration of aPCs in industrial applications.
Analysis of free, unbound thyroid hormones by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry: A mini‐review of the medical rationale and analytical methods
Authors: Westbye Alexander B. , Aas Finn Erik , Kelp Oskar , Dahll Louise K. , Thorsby Per M.
Published: August 2023

Measurement of hormones is important for the diagnosis and management of endocrine diseases. The thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are among the most commonly measured hormones in clinical laboratories, and it is the concentration of free (not bound to proteins) thyroid hormones that is clinically most relevant. Free thyroid hormones are commonly measured using automated immunoassays, however, these are known to produce erroneous results due to interferences for some patients. Measurement of free thyroid hormones using equilibrium dialysis or ultrafiltration combined with liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) is considered a more accurate and robust method for free thyroid hormone analysis and overcomes many of the limitations of immunoassays. However, LC‐MS/MS‐based methods are often considered too technically difficult and not amendable to high throughput by clinical chemists and are not offered by many clinical laboratories. This mini‐review aims to make it easier for clinical laboratories to implement LC‐MS/MS‐based measurement of free thyroid hormones. It describes the medical rationale for measuring free thyroid hormones, the benefits of LC‐MS/MS‐based methods with respect to interferences affecting immunoassay‐based methods and physical separation methods. This mini‐review highlights important parameters for ultrafiltration and equilibrium dialysis to obtain physiologically relevant free thyroid hormone concentrations and focuses on methods and devices used in clinical chemistry.
Effects of glass fiber reinforcing and thermal post‐treatment on the mechanical properties and crystallization behaviors of polyoxymethylene
Authors: Zhang Ligang , Zhuo Xin , Shi Hongwei , Yu Shuwen , Tian Hongchi , Chen Jun , Hao Yanping , Chen Leilei , Liu Weikang , Xie Yong
Published: August 2023

Polyoxymethylene (POM)‐based composites reinforced with pristine short glass fiber (SGF) and surface modified SGF with silane coupling agent (SGF550) were prepared by a twin‐screw extruder, and then injection molded via various processing, including natural air‐cooling, water‐cooling, and oven heat‐treating. The mechanical properties, micro‐structures of tensile fracture surfaces and crystallization behaviors were investigated. The results indicated that the above properties were tightly related to the interfacial bonding ability. POM composites reinforced with SGF550 can significantly improve the tensile strength by 33%–43% and the elongation at break by 50% and 66%, comparing with POM/SGF. Further considering the thermal post‐treatments, prompt water‐cooling can induce insufficient crystallization and form tough amorphous regions beneficial to lock firmly with SGF550, thus enhancing the mechanical properties. This work commits to propose an idea to improve performance by means of screening different processing techniques, and provide a route to tailor some nature of thermoplastics to meet practical application. Based on the lightweight trend, these reinforced composites can be made parts with high load‐bearing requirements, instead of the original metals, such as silent gear, automobile, and machinery instruments.
Advancing evolution: Bacteria break down gene silencer to express horizontally acquired genes
Authors: Groisman Eduardo A. , Choi Jeongjoon
Published: August 2023

Horizontal gene transfer advances bacterial evolution. To benefit from horizontally acquired genes, enteric bacteria must overcome silencing caused when the widespread heat‐stable nucleoid structuring (H‐NS) protein binds to AT‐rich horizontally acquired genes. This ability had previously been ascribed to both anti‐silencing proteins outcompeting H‐NS for binding to AT‐rich DNA and RNA polymerase initiating transcription from alternative promoters. However, we now know that pathogenic Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and commensal Escherichia coli break down H‐NS when this silencer is not bound to DNA. Curiously, both species use the same protease – Lon – to destroy H‐NS in distinct environments. Anti‐silencing proteins promote the expression of horizontally acquired genes without binding to them by displacing H‐NS from AT‐rich DNA, thus leaving H‐NS susceptible to proteolysis and decreasing H‐NS amounts overall. Conserved amino acid sequences in the Lon protease and H‐NS cleavage site suggest that diverse bacteria degrade H‐NS to exploit horizontally acquired genes.
Short‐term effects of SAFE early intervention approach in infants born preterm: A randomized controlled single‐blinded study
Authors: Apaydın Umut , Yıldız Ramazan , Yıldız Ayşe , Acar Şebnem Soysal , Gücüyener Kıvılcım , Elbasan Bülent
Published: August 2023

Objective

Recent literature suggests that goal‐oriented and family‐based interventions in enriched environment have a beneficial effect on neuromotor and cognitive development. We aimed to examine the short‐term effects of SAFE (Sensory strategies, Activity‐based motor training, Family collaboration, and Environmental Enrichment) early intervention approach on motor, cognitive, speech and language, and sensory development in preterm infants.

Methods

The study's sample population consisted of 24 preterm infants with corrected ages between 9 and 10 months. Infants in the control group participated in the family training program in accordance with the neurodevelopmental therapy principles (NDT). Infants in the treatment group were included in the family training program according to the principles of the SAFE Early Intervention Approach. Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development‐Infant Scale (AHEMD‐IS), Test of Sensory Functions in Infants (TSFI), Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), and Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development III (Bayley III) were used to evaluate infants in both groups before and after 10 weeks of treatment (AHEMD‐IS). The Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale Short Form was used to assess the parents’ mental health (DASS‐SF).

Results

The interaction effects (time × group) revealed significant differences for Bayley‐III cognitive and language scores, TSFI total score, and AHEMD‐IS total score in favor of the SAFE group (p < .05). However, there were no differences in Bayley‐III motor composite score, COPM Performance score, and COPM Satisfaction score between the interaction effects (time × group) of the groups (p > .05).

Conclusions

SAFE early intervention approach improved cognitive, speech and language, sensory outcomes and provide enriched home environment in all domains when compared to NDT‐based home program. SAFE is a promising novel early intervention approach for preterm infants.
A social identity approach to mental health help‐seeking behaviour in prisoners: A systematic review
Authors: Byrne Eimear , Bradshaw Daragh , Kerin Michelle , Pepe Irene
Published: August 2023

Prevalence of mental health difficulties is demonstrably higher in prison rather than general populations. Compounding this, prisoners often display a reluctance to seek help, which can undermine rehabilitation. Recent years has seen an increase in studies exploring the factors involved in help‐seeking behaviours amongst prisoners. However, many of these studies come from different disciplines and do not use an overarching theoretical approach. Consequently, policymakers face a difficult task of synthesising and interpreting the findings from different perspectives. Using a deductive thematic analysis informed by a social identity framework, this current study aims to synthesis the existing research and provide an overarching theoretical perspective. Eleven databases were systematically searched for studies exploring help‐seeking behaviours in prisoners with mental health difficulties. Results indicate that prisons represent sites of enactment of a specific institutionalised identity that inhibits help‐seeking behaviour. Three themes relating to (1) the maintenance of positive group identity, (2) ‘us’ and ‘them’, and (3) inhibiting prison context were identified. This review provides an overarching coherent narrative of the experiences and perspectives of prisoners help‐seeking behaviour. This can enable policymakers develop theory‐based approaches to support this vulnerable cohort. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
The diagnostic dilemma in a patient with neuroleptic malignant syndrome during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A significant increase in acute phase reactants
Authors: Elyasi Forouzan , Zarghami Mehran , Fariborzifar Arghavan , Cheraghmakani Hamed , Shirzad Mahboobeh , Kazempour Feteme
Published: August 2023

Key Clinical Message

In some patients, neuroleptic malignant syndrome is accompanied significant high levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C‐reactive protein (CRP).

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is an idiosyncratic life‐threatening adverse reaction and usually triggered in response to antipsychotic drugs. In addition, leukocytosis and increased muscle enzymes levels (especially creatine phosphokinase) are observed in NMS. In addition, a transient increase in different types of acute phase reactants in NMS has been mentioned. This article describes a woman treated with haloperidol, perphenazine, escitalopram, and alprazolam because she developed catatonic symptoms after psychological stress. She suffered from NMS symptoms and had elevated CRP and ESR levels, among other signs and symptoms. Given the COVID‐19 pandemic and reports of co‐occurrence of catatonia and NMS and COVID‐19 and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C‐reactive protein (CRP), this patient was a diagnostic dilemma. After consultation with the consultation‐liaison psychiatry units, she was managed adequately with electroconvulsive therapy and lorazepam.
Synthesis and Characterization of 15N‐Labeled Poly(sulfur nitride) in Bulk and in Superconductor Composites
Authors: Kressler Jörg , Radicke Julian , Busse Karsten , Amsharov Konstantin , Golitsyn Yury , Reichert Detlef , Syrowatka Frank , Hasan Nazmul
Published: August 2023

15N‐labeled tetrasulfur tetranitride (S415N4) was synthesized by reacting S2Cl2 with 15NH3. The reaction was finalized with 14NH3. The successful labeling was confirmed by solution 15N nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. S415N4 was used for the synthesis of poly(sulfur nitride) S15Nx via the intermediate species of S2N2. It was a topochemical polymerization in the solid state. The isotope ratio in the labeled polymer was obtained by laser deposition ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectroscopy. Solid‐state 15N NMR spectroscopy of S15Nx indicates that at least three different chemical environments for 15N atoms are present in the crystals. Finally, SNx was polymerized in the presence of two other superconductors, MgB2 and yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO), which demonstrates the capability of SNx for grain boundary engineering.
Synthesis of L‐Hexopyranosyl Fluorides Enabled by Radical Decarboxylative Fluorination: Assembly of a Pentasaccharide Repeating Unit Corresponding to Extracellular Polysaccharide S‐88
Authors: Qiao Zhi , Li Dongwei , Gao Jingru , Hou Zijiao , Yan Ningjie , Song Ni , Wang Peng , Li Ming
Published: August 2023

Comprehensive Summary

L‐Hexoses are key components of many biologically relevant natural products and pharmaceuticals. As rare sugars, L‐hexoses are not readily obtained from natural sources. Access to L‐hexose building blocks from commercially available and inexpensive D‐sugars is highly desirable from the viewpoints of organic synthesis and drug discovery. As demonstrated by the convenient preparation of L‐glucosyl, L‐galactosyl, and L‐mannosyl fluorides from readily available β‐D‐C‐glucosyl, β‐D‐C‐mannosyl, and β‐D‐C‐galactosyl derivatives, we describe a novel and efficient approach to the demanding L‐glycosyl fluorides. The transformation features the installation of anomeric hydroxymethyl group under mild conditions and C1‐to‐C5 switch of sugar rings through radical decarboxylative fluorination of uronic acids. The power of this protocol is highlighted by the first assembly of a pentasaccharide repeating unit of Pseudomonas ATCC 31554 extracellular polysaccharide (S‐88). This synthesis relies on the efficient extension of sugar chain at the sterically hindered hydroxy group and the facile introduction of L‐mannosyl unit using L‐mannosyl fluoride as glycosylating agent. The methods developed in this work would provide new tools to the arsenal of synthesis of L‐sugar building blocks and of assembly of glycans containing L‐sugar moieties.
Tunable Gas‐Gas Reactions through Nanobubble Pathway
Authors: Zhang Ruiyi , Gao Ya , Chen Lan , Li Dexing , Ge Guanglu
Published: August 2023

Combustible gas‐gas reactions usually do not occur spontaneously upon mixing without ignition or other triggers to lower the activation energy barrier. Nanobubbles, however, could provide such a possibility in solution under ambient conditions due to high inner pressure and catalytic radicals within their boundary layers. Herein, a tunable gas‐gas reaction strategy via bulk nanobubble pathway is developed by tuning the interface charge of one type of bulk nanobubble and promoting its fusion and reaction with another, where the reaction‐accompanied size and number concentration change of the bulk nanobubbles and the corresponding thermal effect clearly confirm the occurrence of the nanobubble‐based H2/O2 combustion. In addition, abundant radicals can be detected during the reaction, which is considered to be critical to ignite the gas reaction during the fusion of nanobubbles in water at room temperature. Therefore, the nanobubble‐based gas‐gas reactions provide a safe and efficient pathway to produce energy and synthesize new matter inaccessible under mild or ambient conditions.
Photocatalytic Water Splitting Driven by Surface Plasmon Resonance
Authors: Li Hao , Wang Shengyang , Chi Haibo , Li Can
Published: August 2023

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in metals results in unique optical properties and photoelectric functions, which are helpful for light harvesting in photocatalysis. Additionally, the plasmon‐associated charge transfer process gives a complementary platform to understand the charge dynamics at a fundamental level. This Review focused on the recent developments of water splitting by plasmonic metals/semiconductor photocatalysts. Firstly, the basic characteristics of SPR and the plasmon‐enhanced photocatalysis mechanisms including plasmon resonance energy transfer and interfacial charge transfer are introduced, highlighting the recent understanding of the plasmonic electron‐hole separation, distribution, and the reaction sites for water splitting. Then, advances in the strategies to improve the quantum efficiency of plasmon‐induced water splitting are summarized by considering modulation in metals, interface contacts, and bulk properties of semiconductors. Finally, we discuss future prospects in the development of high‐efficiency plasmonic metal/semiconductor photocatalysts for water splitting.
Development and validation of Kompetitive allele‐specific PCR (KASP) markers for bacterial blight resistant locus BB‐13 in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: Pettit Nicole , Gowda Satyanarayna Anjan , Shrestha Navin , Harris Taylor , Bart Rebecca , Bourland Fred , Brown‐Guedira Gina , Jones Don C. , Kuraparthy Vasu
Published: August 2023

Cotton bacterial blight (CBB), caused by the pathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. malvacearum (Xcm), can inflict significant damage to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production. Previously, we identified and mapped the broad‐spectrum CBB‐resistant locus BB‐13 on the long arm of chromosome D02 using array‐based single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In the current study, linked SNPs were converted into easily assayable Kompetitive Allele‐Specific PCR (KASP) markers to enable efficient detection and marker‐assisted selection of alleles at the BB‐13 locus. The KASP marker's efficiency in detecting the BB‐13 resistant gene was validated using an Upland cotton diversity panel of 72 accessions phenotyped with Xcm race 18. The KASP marker NCBB‐KASP4, derived from the CottonSNP63K array‐based marker i25755Gh that is closely associated with BB‐13, predicted the CBB response phenotypes with an error rate of 4.17% in the diversity panel. Additionally, two independent biparental recombinant inbred line populations segregating for resistance to Xcm race 18 were used for KASP marker validation and to test their utility in detecting the presence of the BB‐13 locus in the resistant accession CABD3CABCH‐1‐89. NCBB‐KASP4, validated across breeding populations and broad germplasm, is a reliable KASP marker for detection and testing of BB‐13 locus in cotton. Further, diagnostic array‐based SNP marker i25755Gh's allele pattern and the potential CBB response is described for 875 Gossypium accessions. These SNP‐based phenotypic predictions for 875 accessions along with disease response phenotypes to Xcm race 18 for 253 accessions provide a reference for CBB resistance in diverse cotton germplasm in the United States.
“Copy number alteration” as the sole molecular finding of a Thyroseq test is more commonly seen in Hurthle cell neoplasms
Authors: Kim Teresa H. , Rodriguez Erika F. , Lim Douglas , Moatamed Neda A.
Published: August 2023

Background

To better understand the molecular alterations associated with Hurthle cell lesions of the thyroid, we retrospectively reviewed the association of clonal DNA copy number alterations (CNAs) with fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytomorphology and surgical follow‐up.

Methods

Hurthle cell type (HCT) and non‐Hurthle cell type (NHCT) thyroid FNAs that were classified according to the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) as atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) and suspicious for a follicular neoplasm (SFN) with corresponding molecular testing performed by ThyroSeq v3 genomic classifier were compared to surgical follow‐up.

Results

A total of 54 thyroid FNA cases were identified, distributed among the following categories: AUS‐HCT (n = 15, 27.8%), SFN‐HCT (n = 11, 20.4%), AUS‐NHCT (n = 19, 35.2%), and SFN‐NHCT (n = 9, 16.6%). The lesions classified as AUS‐HCT and SFN‐HCT showed a higher prevalence of CNAs (n = 10/26; 38.5%) compared to their NHCT counterparts (n = 3/28; 10.7%) (p < .03). Of the 42 patients (77.8%) with surgical follow‐up, CNAs were more often seen in benign (n = 10/26, 38.5%) than malignant conditions (n = 1/16, 6.3%) (p < .03). CNAs were encountered in more lesions with Hurthle cell features on histologic examination (n = 8/14, 57.1%) than those without (n = 3/28, 10.7%) (p < .002). The presence of CNAs alone was seen only in benign adenomas and more commonly with Hurthle cell features (n = 5/7, 71.4%).

Conclusion

In this study, CNAs were associated with Hurthle cell morphology on thyroid FNA and benign adenomas upon surgical follow‐up. Therefore, if the only finding of a positive ThyroSeq v3 GC result is a CNA, conservative management can be considered if clinically indicated.
Anti‐inflammatory effect and mechanism of catalpol in various inflammatory diseases
Authors: Liu Jinyao , Liu Shuang , Yu Mingyue , Li Jianing , Xie Zunxuan , Gao Boyang , Liu Yuyan
Published: August 2023

Catalpol is a kind of iridoid glucoside, widely found in a variety of plants, mostly extracted from the rhizome of the traditional medicinal herb rehmanniae. It has various biological activities such as anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor. The anti‐inflammatory effects of catalpol have been demonstrated in a variety of diseases, such as neurological diseases, atherosclerosis, renal diseases, respiratory diseases, digestive diseases, bone and joint diseases, eye diseases, and periodontitis. The purpose of this review is to summarize the existing literature on the anti‐inflammatory effects of catalpol in a variety of inflammatory diseases over the last decade and to focus on the anti‐inflammatory mechanisms of catalpol.
Remotely sensed environmental measurements detect decoupled processes driving population dynamics at contrasting scales
Authors: Harder Avril M. , Sundaram Mekala , Narine Lana L. , Willoughby Janna R.
Published: August 2023

The increasing availability of satellite imagery has supported a rapid expansion in forward‐looking studies seeking to track and predict how climate change will influence wild population dynamics. However, these data can also be used in retrospect to provide additional context for historical data in the absence of contemporaneous environmental measurements. We used 167 Landsat‐5 Thematic Mapper (TM) images spanning 13 years to identify environmental drivers of fitness and population size in a well‐characterized population of banner‐tailed kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spectabilis) in the southwestern United States. We found evidence of two decoupled processes that may be driving population dynamics in opposing directions over distinct time frames. Specifically, increasing mean surface temperature corresponded to increased individual fitness, where fitness is defined as the number of offspring produced by a single individual. This result contrasts with our findings for population size, where increasing surface temperature led to decreased numbers of active mounds. These relationships between surface temperature and (i) individual fitness and (ii) population size would not have been identified in the absence of remotely sensed data, indicating that such information can be used to test existing hypotheses and generate new ecological predictions regarding fitness at multiple spatial scales and degrees of sampling effort. To our knowledge, this study is the first to directly link remotely sensed environmental data to individual fitness in a nearly exhaustively sampled population, opening a new avenue for incorporating remote sensing data into eco‐evolutionary studies.
A validated and optimized environmentalDNAandRNAassay to detect Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus)
Authors: Misutka Melissa D. , Glover Chris N. , Brush Micah , Goss Greg G. , Veilleux Heather D.
Published: August 2023

Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) is a salmonid fish of significant conservation value. However, conservation efforts are hindered by a lack of fundamental information regarding details such as current population distribution, migratory patterns, and natal habitats. In the current study, we designed, optimized, and field‐ and laboratory‐validated an environmental DNA (eDNA) and environmental RNA (eRNA) assay for Arctic grayling biomonitoring. Using an in silico approach, a robust species‐specific eDNA assay was generated, and filtering and extraction protocols were optimized for maximal eDNA yield. A Preserve, Precipitate, Lyse, Precipitate, and Purify (PPLPP) extraction method generated 70‐fold higher eDNA yields than a column‐based approach. Species‐specificity relative to co‐occurring salmonid fish was validated, and no significant amplification was noted for rainbow trout, brook trout, or mountain whitefish. Shedding rates of eDNA were around eight to nine times higher than those of eRNA, although the two types of nucleic acids decayed at similar rates. Shedding and decay rates were subsequently used to build detection probability models that account for pool size and water exchange rates. These data indicate that eDNA and eRNA are detectable in pools up to 32,500 m3in volume and with water flow of less than 0.5 m3s−1when an Arctic grayling is present. This knowledge can be implemented when designing field sampling strategies. Finally, the assay successfully amplified Arctic grayling eDNA from field‐collected samples, with signal strength indicating preferred Arctic grayling habitat or conditions that favored the concentration and retention of eDNA.
One‐Step Synthesis of Cyclobutene‐Annulated Fullerenes through a Cascade Reaction
Authors: Yamada Michio , Uokawa Yuta , Sasaki Shino , Iha Naohiro , Hashimoto Yoshihisa , Nagasaki Yuya , Maeda Yutaka , Suzuki Mitsuaki
Published: August 2023

The physicochemical properties of fullerene‐based materials typically vary depending on the type and mode of addition of functional groups; therefore, developing fullerene derivatives with novel structures is imperative for further progress in materials science. In this study, we develop an efficient one‐step strategy for synthesizing cyclobutene‐annulated fullerene derivatives (cyclobutenofullerenes) and characterize their electronic properties. Despite the steric strain, cyclobutenofullerenes can be easily prepared via a one‐step reaction of C60 with a secondary propargylic phosphate. Structural analysis of the reaction intermediates suggests that the cascade reaction proceeds through a formal [2+2] cycloaddition of C60 with an allene, caused by the 1,3‐migration of the propargylic phosphate, followed by an additional 1,3‐migration and the subsequent 1,2‐elimination of the phosphodiester moiety.
Direct Trifluoromethylselenolation and Fluoroalkylselenolation of C−H Bonds: Recent Advances in Reagents Development and Reactions
Authors: Gao Yan , Xiao Rui , Zhang Shangbiao , Wang Yanan , Yuan Zheliang
Published: August 2023

Due to their high lipophilicity and strong electron‐withdrawing property, more and more attention has been paid to introducing trifluoromethylseleno and fluoroalkylseleno moieties into organic molecules. In this short review, we categorize the synthesis of compounds that combine selenium and fluorinated moieties into two main types: trifluoromethylselenolation (CF3Se) and fluoroalkylselenolation (RfSe, except CF3Se). This review aims to provide a summary of the recent advances in direct C−H trifluoromethylselenolation and fluoroalkylselenolation from the synthesis of trifluoromethylselenolation and fluoroalkylselenolation reagents to their application. Based on the method of how the RfSe group was introduced, the main content is divided into three parts: transition‐metal‐free reactions, transition‐metal‐mediated/catalyzed reactions and photo‐catalyzed reactions. The general substrate scope, mechanism and limitations would also be discussed so that we hope the review will serve as an inspiration for further research in this appealing research field.
PMS2 or PMS2CL? Characterization of variants detected in the 3′ of the PMS2 gene
Authors: Bouras Ahmed , Lefol Cedrick , Ruano Eric , Grand‐Masson Chloé , Wang Qing
Published: August 2023

PMS2 germline pathogenic variants are one of the major causes for Lynch syndrome and constitutional mismatch repair deficiencies. Variant identification in the 3′ region of this gene is complicated by the presence of the pseudogene PMS2CL which shares a high sequence homology with PMS2. Consequently, short‐fragment screening strategies (NGS, Sanger) may fail to discriminate variant's gene localization. Using a comprehensive analysis strategy, we assessed 42 NGS‐detected variants in 76 patients and found 32 localized on PMS2 while 6 on PMS2CL. Interestingly, four variants were detected in either of them in different patients. Clinical phenotype was well correlated to genotype, making it very helpful in variant assessment. Our findings emphasize the necessity of more specific complementary analyses to confirm the gene origin of each variant detected in different individuals in order to avoid variant misinterpretation. In addition, we characterized two PMS2 genomic alterations involving Alu‐mediated tandem duplication and gene conversion. Those mechanisms seemed to be particularly favored in PMS2 which contribute to frequent genomic rearrangements in the 3′ region of the gene.
Inhibition of altered Orai1 channels in Müller cells protects photoreceptors in retinal degeneration
Authors: Sukkar Basma , Oktay Lalehan , Sahaboglu Ayse , Moayedi Aylin , Zenouri Shima , Al‐Maghout Tamer , Cantó Antolin , Miranda María , Durdagi Serdar , Hosseinzadeh Zohreh
Published: August 2023

The expressions of ion channels by Müller glial cells (MGCs) may change in response to various retinal pathophysiological conditions. There remains a gap in our understanding of MGCs' responses to photoreceptor degeneration towards finding therapies. The study explores how an inhibition of store‐operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and its major component, Orai1 channel, in MGCs protects photoreceptors from degeneration. The study revealed increased Orai1 expression in the MGCs of retinal degeneration 10 (rd10) mice. Enhanced expression of oxidative stress markers was confirmed as a crucial pathological mechanism in rd10 retina. Inducing oxidative stress in rat MGCs resulted in increasing SOCE and Ca2+ release‐activated Ca2+ (CRAC) currents. SOCE inhibition by 2‐Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2‐APB) protected photoreceptors in degenerated retinas. Finally, molecular simulations proved the structural and dynamical features of 2‐APB to the target structure Orai1. Our results provide new insights into the physiology of MGCs regarding retinal degeneration and shed a light on SOCE and Orai1 as new therapeutic targets.
The association between HIV infection and precancerous cervical lesion. A systematic review and meta‐analysis of case–control studies
Authors: Geremew Habtamu , Tesfa Hiwot , Mengstie Misganaw A. , Gashu Chalachew , Kassa Yoseph , Negash Abraham , Dessie Anteneh Mengist , Geremew Demeke
Published: August 2023

Background

The effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on precancerous cervical lesion is not consistent across studies. Besides to the variability in the presence of a significant association between HIV and precancerous cervical lesion, the reported strengths are inconsistent among studies that report a significant association. Therefore, we sought to determine the impact of HIV on women's risk of precancerous cervical lesion by conducting a systematic review and meta‐analysis of case–control studies in Ethiopia.

Methods

Relevant articles were systematically searched on African Journals Online, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and PubMed from January 1, 2023, to February 20, 2023. After critical appraisal, pertinent data were extracted into an Excel spreadsheet and then exported to STATA 14 for further statistical analysis. The pooled effect size was estimated using the random‐effect model. The Egger's regression test and I2 statistics were employed to assess publication bias and heterogeneity among included studies, respectively.

Results

Ten case–control studies with a total of 3035 participants (992 cases and 2043 controls) were involved in this meta‐analysis. According to our analysis, HIV‐infected women were 2.86 times more likely to develop precancerous cervical lesion as compared with their counterparts (odds ratio: 2.86, 95% confidence interval: 1.79, 4.58).

Conclusion

We found that HIV‐infected women have a higher risk of precancerous cervical lesion. Thus, targeted screening programs should be considered to reduce the burden of cervical cancer among HIV‐infected women in Ethiopia.
How can cancer research be illuminated by brain research (and vice versa)?
Authors: Mentis Alexios‐Fotios A. , Papavassiliou Kostas A. , Piperi Christina , Papavassiliou Athanasios G.
Published: August 2023

Cancer and brain research have historically followed concrete pathways and converged mostly to studying brain cancer. Nowadays, the fields of neuro‐oncology and neuroendocrine regulation of tumorigenesis are both emerging fields of intense research and promising applications. An increasing body of evidence suggests that somatic mutations in cancer‐related genes are prevalent in several noncancerous brain disorders. These findings highlighting that certain aspects of cancer development/progression and pathologies of the nervous system share molecular alterations, could assist in elucidating the unique hallmarks of cancer and in cancer drugs repurposing for brain disorders. In so doing, identifying the commonalities in these conditions could be crucial not only for better understanding the basis of these pathologies but also for considering the previously underappreciated and/or neglected possibility of using drugs known to be effective in one type of pathology for the other type.
Late versus early response and depth of response are associated with improved outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma enrolled in the TOURMALINE‐MM2 trial
Authors: Richardson Paul G. , Facon Thierry , Venner Christopher P. , Bahlis Nizar J. , Offner Fritz , White Darrell , Karlin Lionel , Benboubker Lotfi , Voog Eric , Yoon Sung‐Soo , Suzuki Kenshi , Shibayama Hirohiko , Zhang Xiaoquan , Villarreal Miguel , Twumasi‐Ankrah Philip , Labotka Richard , Rifkin Robert M. , Lonial Sagar , Kumar Shaji K. , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Moreau Philippe
Published: August 2023

Deeper responses are associated with longer survival in multiple myeloma (MM); however, limited data exist on the impact of response kinetics on outcomes. We investigated progression‐free survival (PFS) and duration of response (DOR) by response depth and in early (best confirmed response 0–4 months; n = 424) versus late responders (best confirmed response >4 months; n = 281). Newly diagnosed patients enrolled in TOURMALINE‐MM2 receiving ixazomib‐lenalidomide‐dexamethasone (IRd) (n = 351) or placebo‐Rd (n = 354) were evaluated post hoc. Deeper responses were associated with longer PFS (complete response [CR] not reached [NR], very good partial response [VGPR] 37.2 months, partial response [PR] 16.4 months) and DOR (CR NR, VGPR 42.6 months, PR 15.4 months). Among patients with a PFS (n = 511) or DOR (n = 484) of ≥6 months who achieved ≥PR, median PFS was prolonged among late versus early responders receiving IRd (59.7 vs. 17.9 months) or placebo‐Rd (56.6 vs. 12.4 months), as was median DOR (IRd, NR vs. 20.9 months; placebo‐Rd, 58.2 vs. 11.7 months). While the treatment paradigm for newly diagnosed MM is treatment to progression, our findings suggest slowness of response to a proteasome inhibitor‐immunomodulatory drug‐steroid combination is not a negative predictor of outcome.
Discriminative Factors of Malignancy of Ipsilateral Nonmass Enhancement in Women With Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer on Initial Staging Breast MRI
Authors: Jirarayapong Jirarat , Chikarmane Sona A. , Portnow Leah H. , Farah Subrina , Gombos Eva C.
Published: August 2023

Background

Nonmass enhancement (NME) on breast MRI impacts surgical planning.

Purpose

To evaluate positive predictive values (PPVs) and identify malignancy discriminators of NME ipsilateral to breast cancer on initial staging MRI.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Subjects

Eighty‐six women (median age, 48 years; range, 26–75 years) with 101 NME lesions (BI‐RADS 4 and 5) ipsilateral to known cancers and confirmed histopathology.

Field Strength/Sequence

1.5 T and 3.0 T dynamic contrast‐enhanced fat‐suppressed T1‐weighted fast spoiled gradient‐echo.

Assessment

Three radiologists blinded to pathology independently reviewed MRI features (distribution, internal enhancement pattern, and enhancement kinetics) of NME, locations relative to index cancers (contiguous, non‐contiguous, and different quadrants), associated mammographic calcifications, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), axillary node metastasis, and radiology‐pathology correlations. Clinical factors, NME features, and cancer characteristics were analyzed for associations with NME malignancy.

Statistical Tests

Fisher's exact, Chi‐square, Wilcoxon rank sum tests, and mixed‐effect multivariable logistic regression were used. Significance threshold was set at P < 0.05.

Results

Overall NME malignancy rate was 48.5% (49/101). Contiguous NME had a significantly higher malignancy rate (86.7%) than non‐contiguous NME (25.0%) and NME in different quadrants (10.7%), but no significant difference was observed by distance from cancer for non‐contiguous NME, P = 0.68. All calcified NME lesions contiguous to the calcified index cancer were malignant. NME was significantly more likely malignant when index cancers were masses compared to NME (52.9% vs. 21.4%), had mammographic calcifications (63.2% vs. 39.7%), LVI (81.8% vs. 44.4%), and axillary node metastasis (70.8% vs. 41.6%). NME features with highest PPVs were segmental distribution (85.7%), clumped enhancement (66.7%), and nonpersistent kinetics (77.1%). On multivariable analysis, contiguous NME, segmental distribution, and nonpersistent kinetics were associated with malignancy.

Data Conclusion

Malignancy discriminators of ipsilateral NME on staging MRI included contiguous location to index cancers, segmental distribution, and nonpersistent kinetics.

Evidence Level

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Substrate quality overrides soil salinity in mediating microbial respiration in coastal wetlands
Authors: Li Qiang , Song Zhaoliang , Xia Shaopan , Guo Laodong , Singh Bhupinder Pal , Shi Yu , Wang Weiqi , Luo Yu , Li Yongchun , Chen Junhui , Zhang Jianchao , Sun Shaobo , Wang Hailong
Published: August 2023

As productive and essential ecosystems, coastal wetlands have experienced increased environmental impacts such as saltwater intrusion and eutrophication, resulting in significant shifts in microbially mediated ecosystem functions, such as carbon sequestration and nutrient transformations. The soil microbial respiration, a primary process in the transfer of carbon from soil to the atmosphere, is susceptible to environmental changes. However, studies on how salinity affects soil microbial respiration in coastal wetlands have not been fully explored. Soil samples were systematically collected from divergent sampling sites covering medium‐ and extremely‐saline wetlands along a river‐estuary‐coast continuum to investigate mechanisms controlling soil microbial respiration in coastal wetlands. According to the results, the microbial biomass and carbon‐related extracellular enzyme activities were significantly lower in extremely saline (ECe >15 ds m−1, ES) than medium and highly saline soils (ECe <15 ds m−1, MHS) (p < 0.05), indicating a suppressive effect of salinity on soil microbiota. Meanwhile, high‐salinity soils had lower vector length and soil microbial respiration rates, suggesting that soils with low carbon limitation might cause less carbon loss under higher salinity environments. Moreover, it was showed that increased available phosphorus could alleviate microbial carbon limitations. Changes in the microbial functional community demonstrated that the microbial community in favor of metabolic mediates and secondary metabolites substrates (regarded as labile substrates) were more sensitive to salinity. The partial least square path modeling further confirmed that microbial nutrient limitation and microbial biomass contribute more directly to promoting soil microbial respiration. These results have substantial implications for elucidating carbon dynamics in coastal wetlands ecosystems under increased nutrient discharge and sea‐level rise.
Effects of organic amendments on soil hydraulic characteristics in the Mollisols of Northeast China
Authors: Ma Rui , Tian Zhiyuan , Wang Meiyan , Zhu Xuchao , He Yanzi , Shi Xuezheng , Liang Yin
Published: August 2023

Soil degradation in the Mollisol region of Northeast China is ubiquitous partly due to poor soil hydraulic characteristics. Improving soil hydraulic characteristics thus delivers benefits to soil sustainability. In this study, the effects of organic amendments on soil hydraulic characteristics were explored at the laboratory scale. Soil samples were subjected to three low‐cost and eco‐friendly organic amendments, including corn straw juice (CSJ), fulvic acid (FA), and humic acid (HA). The soil infiltration capacity, soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) and soil water retention capacity were determined by using a steel‐ring method and a centrifuge method. The parameters of the SWCC were fitted by a van Genuchten (VG) model, and the specific water capacity [C(h)] was calculated. In addition, bulk density (BD), macroporosity, and soil organic matter (SOM) were measured, and the relationships between the variables and processes were evaluated. The results indicated that the soil infiltration capacity (i.e., initial infiltration rate, cumulative infiltration, and steady infiltration rate) was significantly increased in the CSJ and FA treatments (p < 0.05) but decreased in the HA treatment compared to the control (CK) treatment. All the selected organic amendments improved the soil water release and supply capacity, and the CSJ2 treatment showed the best effect. The incorporation of CSJ, FA, and HA significantly improved the soil water retention capacity by increasing the saturated soil water content, field capacity, and plant available water capacity (p < 0.05). Such changes were significantly associated with macroporosity and SOM (p < 0.05). In this sense, our results showed that the CSJ treatment with 4 L m−2 and 50% volumetric concentration could be an effective soil amendment to improve the soil hydraulic characteristics in Mollisols and deserves further research.
Moduli of Mussel‐Inspired, Metal‐Coordinated Hydrogels Comprising Four‐, Six‐, and Eight‐Arm Polymers
Authors: Darby Daniel R. , Stephens Lauren F. , Chwatko Malgorzata , Pham Jonathan T.
Published: August 2023

Metal‐coordinated hydrogels can form a percolated network with transient bonds due to metal ions‐functional group coordination. Each metal ion can link with more than one ligand, leading to intricate speciation of bonding modes. While the mechanics of transient gels made with four‐arm polymers are often studied, less is known about how increasing the number of arms affects the modulus. Using shear rheology, the modulus of hydrogels prepared from four‐, six‐, and eight‐armed poly(ethylene glycols), functionalized with histidine ligands that complex with nickel (II) ions is measured. These gels have matched polymer wt.% and varied pH to compare their moduli. It is considered whether the modulus can be described by established polymer network models by calculating the speciation of metal‐coordinated cross‐links and then incorporating it into a phantom network prediction. This study finds that 1) increasing the number of polymer arms increases the modulus, 2) the phantom network allows reasonable modulus approximation for four‐arm and six‐arm gels, and 3) the modulus of eight‐arm gels exceeds the phantom network prediction. Since polymer cores act as chemical cross‐links and metal‐coordinated cross‐links form network strands, it is possible that increasing the number of metal‐coordinated linkages per molecule reinforces the chemical cross‐link at the polymer core.
The recent progress of myeloid‐derived suppressor cell and its targeted therapies in cancers
Authors: Ren Ruiyang , Xiong Chenyi , Ma Runyu , Wang Yixuan , Yue Tianyang , Yu Jiayun , Shao Bin
Published: August 2023

Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are an immature group of myeloid‐derived cells generated from myeloid cell precursors in the bone marrow. MDSCs appear almost exclusively in pathological conditions, such as tumor progression and various inflammatory diseases. The leading function of MDSCs is their immunosuppressive ability, which plays a crucial role in tumor progression and metastasis through their immunosuppressive effects. Since MDSCs have specific molecular features, and only a tiny amount exists in physiological conditions, MDSC‐targeted therapy has become a promising research direction for tumor treatment with minimal side effects. In this review, we briefly introduce the classification, generation and maturation process, and features of MDSCs, and detail their functions under various circumstances. The present review specifically demonstrates the environmental specificity of MDSCs, highlighting the differences between MDSCs from cancer and healthy individuals, as well as tumor‐infiltrating MDSCs and circulating MDSCs. Then, we further describe recent advances in MDSC‐targeted therapies. The existing and potential targeted drugs are divided into three categories, monoclonal antibodies, small‐molecular inhibitors, and peptides. Their targeting mechanisms and characteristics have been summarized respectively. We believe that a comprehensive in‐depth understanding of MDSC‐targeted therapy could provide more possibilities for the treatment of cancer.