bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-obesity Siddha Medicinal Plants- A Preclinical Review
Authors: Janakiraman Shiyamala , Uma K S , Sasi S.K. , Balagurusamy K
Published: March 2022

Obesity is a complex multi factorial preventable disease affecting all age groups of both the sexes. Now one third of world’s population is overweight or obese. From 1980 the world-wide prevalence of obesity has become doubled. Overweight and obesity were the 5th foremost causes of death globally. Obesity is associated with many co morbid diseases. Prevalence of obesity with co morbidities is on big alarm throughout the world. Recently in COVID -19 pandemic most of the obese people get affected due to the co morbidities and reduced immunity. The anti-obesity properties of medicinal plants were known from ancient times in traditional Siddha medicine some thousand years ago. Many Siddha medicinal plants showed anti-obesity activities that can be utilized in the management of obesity, through which the complications of obesity can be prevented. Most researches explored the anti-obesity potentials of medicinal plants. Terminalia chebula, Phyllanthus niruri, zingiber officinale, Piper longum, Curcuma longa, Elettaria cardamomum, Cuminum cyminum, Picrorhiza kurroa, Ipomea turpethum, Tinospora cordifolia, Michelia champaka are some medicinal plants possess anti-obesity properties that had been indicated in Siddha classical text. The objective of this review is to validate the anti-obesity potentials of Siddha medicinal plants scientifically through various research reports. Due to the presence of Phyto compounds like phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, anti-oxidants these medicinal plants revealed anti-obesity activities and its anti-obesity mechanism had been proven scientifically through various animal experimental studies collected from many research articles. Modern anti-obesity drugs produce numerous side effects. Regular consumption of Siddha anti-obesity medicinal plants, in the prescribed dose and duration, can induce gradual and sustainable weight loss effectively. Furthermore, in future, there is a need for the development of standardized, safe and effective anti-obesity drugs from medicinal plants and highly economical too. Hence eventually exploration of anti-obesity Siddha medicinal plants will lead to safe and effective treatment for obesity
Clinical spectrum and management outcome in gallbladder perforation-a sinister entity: Retrospective study from Sub-Himalayan region of India
Authors: Rajput Deepak , Gupta Amit , Kumar Shashank , Singla Tanuj , Srikanth Kandhala , Chennatt Jaine
Published: March 2022

Objective: Gallbladder perforation is an infrequent entity seen among surgical patients. Rare occurrence owes to difficulty in diagnosing gallbladder perforations. The aim of the present study was to determine the optimal management strategy that may decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with this potentially life-threatening condition.

Material and Methods: This was a retrospective study from hospital health records wherein the experience of 40 consecutive patients with gallbladder rupture, either spontaneous or secondary to both benign conditions and malignancy, was noted at a tertiary care hospital over 48 months from February 2017 till January 2021. The etiology, clinical presentation, and treatment given were analysed.

Results: Out of 40 patients included, 23 were females and the majority of patients were more than 45 years of age. Twelve patients responded to intravenous antibiotics and analgesics alone while five required an ultrasound-guided pigtail catheter drainage due to non-improving clinical condition. The failure of expectant management led to a delayed laparotomy in seven patients while four patients required emergency laparotomy because of generalized peritonitis. An elective cholecystectomy was offered to 12 patients with cholecystoenteric fistulae after diagnostic laparoscopy in the same admission. Thirty-eight patients were discharged in stable condition and doing well at 30-day follow-up.

Conclusion: Gallbladder perforation is seen more commonly in acute calculous cholecystitis compared to other conditions. It is more evident when the treatment of acute calculous cholecystitis is delayed by more than 6-8 weeks. The spectrum of clinical presentation varies from mild pain and vomiting to generalized peritonitis. The patient often requires a step-up approach to control the ongoing sepsis for an improved outcome.
Seasonal effects on the mechanisms of burn injuries
Authors: Çomçalı Bülent , Ceylan Cengiz , Altun Özdemir Buket , Ocaklı Serhat , Pehlevan Özel Hikmet , Çınar Yastı Ahmet
Published: March 2022

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate seasonal effects on the mechanisms of burn injuries in patients requiring hospitalization.

Material and Methods: A retrospective evaluation was made using the information of 419 hospitalized burns patients, including demographic data, degree and percentage of burn injury, cause and mechanism of burn injury, morbidity and mortality. Burn mechanisms were grouped as thermal burns (flame, boiling liquid, contact), chemical burns and electrical burns. When calculating the percentage of body surface area burned, the rule of nines was applied. Seasonal classification was made appropriate to the northern hemisphere.

Results: According to the seasons, the most burns were seen in spring months (n= 130, 31.0%). In the examination of the mechanism of burn injury, the most common type of injury was boiling liquid in 159 patients followed by flame injury in 146 patients. There was an increase in electrical and chemical burns in spring and summer. A statistically significant difference was determined between the types of burns according to the seasons (p= 0.024). The burn injury occurred as a result of a workplace accident in 82 cases, the majority of which were in autumn, and summer, and the difference in the seasons was determined to be statistically significant (p= 0.045). There was a statistically significant increase in the exposure of individuals aged >65 years to boiling liquid burns in winter and summer months (p= 0.014).

Conclusion: The results of this study showed a seasonal effect on the types of burn injuries. A higher rate of thermal burns was expected to be found in winter, but this was not the case in patients with indications for hospitalization, as chemical and electrical burns in workplace accidents were seen more frequently in warmer seasons of spring and summer. In this context, burns units should be prepared for patient profiles to vary according to the season.
Demographic factors associated with length of stay in hospital and histological diagnosis in adults undergoing appendicectomy
Authors: Bhanderi Shivam , Ain Quratul , Siddique Iram , Charalampakis Vasileios , Daskalakis Markos , Nijjar Rajwinder , Richardson Martin , Singhal Rishi
Published: March 2022

Objective: Appendicectomy remains of the most common emergency operations in the United Kingdom. The exact etiologies of appendicitis remain unclear with only potential causes suggested in the literature. Social deprivation and ethnicity have both been demonstrated to influence outcomes following many operations. There are currently no studies evaluating their roles with regards to severity and outcomes following appendicectomy.

Material and Methods: Demographic data were retrieved from health records for adult patients who underwent appendicectomy between 2010-2016 within a single NHS trust. To measure social deprivation, Indices of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) rankings were used. Histology reports were reviewed and diagnosis classified into predefined categories: non-inflamed appendix, uncomplicated appendicitis, complicated appendicitis and gangrenous appendicitis.

Results: Three thousand four hundred and forty-four patients were identified. Mean age was 37.8 years (range 73 years). Using a generalized linear model, South Asian ethnicity specifically was found to be independently predictive of increased length of stay following appendicectomy (p< 0.001). Amongst South Asian patients, social deprivation was found to be further predictive of longer hospital stay (p= 0.005). Deprivation was found to be a predictor of complicated appendicitis but not of gangrenous appendicitis (p= 0.01). Male gender and age were also independent predictors of positive histology for appendicitis (p< 0.001 and p= 0.021 respectively).

Conclusion: This study is the first to report an independent association between South Asian ethnicity and increased length of stay for patients undergoing appendicectomy in a single NHS trust. The associations reported in this study may be a result of differences in the pathophysiology of acute appendicitis or represent inequalities in healthcare provision across ethnic and socioeconomic groups.
Mucinous Cystadenoma of Gall Bladder: A Rare Entity
Authors: A Kapoor , R Malhotra , A Kapur , G Mahajan
Published: March 2022

Cystic lesions of gall bladder are very rare. Most of the cystic cholecystic pathologies are inflammatory or perihepatic cystic lesions. Only few primary cystic lesions are known and being rare pose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Out of these mucinous cystadenoma(MCN) is the rarest condition and we report one such case and discuss its differential diagnosis.
Prevalence of Hpv Infection in the Lekoumou and Niari Departments (Congo Brazzaville)
Authors: CFS Ngatali , AF Bolenga Liboko , JB Nkoua Mbon , Moussavou R Doukaga , D Moukassa
Published: March 2022

1.1. Objective: to determine the prevalence of HPV infection in women in Lekoumou and Niari departments. 1.2. Patients and Methods: We carried out a descriptive and cross-sectional study over a period of 7 months from January to July 2019 in the department of Lekoumou. 100 women ranging in age from 16 to 73 years old. The variables studied were as follows: age, marital status, level of education, risk factors for the onset of HPV infection, age at first sexual intercourse, number of sexual partners, parity, gesture. The multivariate analysis was done between age, number of level of instruction, parity, age of first sexual intercourse and number of sexual Partners. The statistical analysis and the data processing were carried out by the Excel 2016 software and the graph pad prism version 5 software. The statistical test used was the chi-square test. 1.3. Results: During this study we collected 100 women. The mean age of the patients was 34.6 ± 11.9 with ranges ranging from 16 to 73 years. The most represented age groups were that of 20-29 years (31%) and that of 30-39 years (29%). The most represented level of education was the college level in 53% of cases follow-up of the level of primary education in 25% of cases . Almost ¾ of our study population were married women (74%), single people represented only 22% of the study population. The mean age at first intercourse was 16.4 ± 2.3 with extremes ranging from 12 to 25 years. Almost all of the women (97%) had had their first sexual intercourse before the age of 20. The average number of sexual partners was 5.3 ± 3.2 with extremes ranging from 1 to 15 partners, 53% of women had at least 5 sexual partners. The mean number of pregnancies was 4.9 ± 2.8 with extremes ranging from 0 to 13 pregnancies. Almost half of the women (49%) have carried between 4-7 pregnancies. The mean number of deliveries (parity) was 3.6 ± 2.4 with extremes ranging from 0 to 12 deliveries. 36% of our study population had between 4 and 7 deliveries. Bivariate analysis failed to find a statistically significant difference between age and number of sexual partners, between age of first intercourse and level of education and parity. 1.4. Conclusion: Cervical cancer is a public health problem. Prevalence of infection of HPV is relatively high in our context of low incomes countries. It is important to know this prevalence in order to assure prevention of cervical cancer.
Giant Colon Diverticulum - Rare Condition: Case Report
Authors: Rissi R  , DG Gonsalves , GR Ventura , MB Montressor , JC Assef
Published: March 2022

A rare condition that affects patients with colonic diverticulosis is the giant colonic diverticulum (GCD), which has a diameter of over 4 cm. The giant colonic diverticulum affects men and women equally, achieving highest incidence in groups between 35 and 90 years old (average 65 years) and is usually located on the antimesenteric border of the sigmoid colon in 90% of cases. We report a case of giant colonic diverticulum diagnosed in a 76-year-old patient and describe the clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory tests, radiological findings and the therapeutic conduct performed. In this specific case, the location of the GCD in the sigmoid colon, inflammatory symptoms combined with alternative therapy based on conservative treatment, with no need for resection of the adjacent colon, are configured in a conduct of satisfactory value. The clinical presentation of GCD may remain asymptomatic for months or even years, produce nonspecific abdominal discomfort or manifest in the form of an acute abdomen. In view of the characteristics of the case, the scarce references in the world literature and because it details the conduct and follow-up of the patient affected by this disease, it is opportune to describe it.
Assessment of Physico-chemical Characteristics and Phytoplankton Diversity in Pond Ecosystems of Tripura,India
Authors: Debbarma Payel , Barman Prabir , Das Sujit , Deb Sourabh
Published: March 2022

Ponds play an important role in the retention of water, supply of aquatic products, and biodiversity of an area. A pond ecosystem is a composition of plants, animals, microorganisms, and the physical environment in which they live and has different elements that work to maintain ecological balance. Tripura is known for its abundant pond ecosystem, which the community manages for its livelihood purpose. In this study, three different-sized ponds were selected from the Khowai district of Tripura. The water physic-chemical properties and plankton diversity of three different sized ponds were assessed as per the standard procedure. It was observed that the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is high in the large pond, whereas the level of dissolved oxygen (DO) was found to be less in this category of the pond. However,the DO level was higher in small ponds, and the medium pond is also within the acceptable limit. The pH results also revealed that the water has become chiefly alkaline in a large pond and moderately acidic in a medium pond. During the study, 43 species of phytoplanktons from 4 families were identified. Maximum species (31) were recorded from small ponds followed by medium (17 species) and a large pond (15 species). The most dominant phytoplankton families were Chlorophyceae (37%) and Eugleanophyceae (26%) in pond ecosystems. Though the small-sized ponds are more diverse and suitable for aquatic life, however, the large-sized ponds are economically viable for this region. So, the people and Government should take some initiatives for conserving those pond ecosystems for the betterment of society.
Evaluation of Temperature and Precipitation Changes under Climate Change Scenarios in Sikkim Himalayan region in India
Authors: Kumar Sonu , Yadav Santosh Rangrao , Kumar Atul , Baghel Triambak , Pramanik Malay
Published: March 2022

Since precipitation and temperature are the major driving factors for the fragility of the Himalayan ecosystem and resources, it is crucial to understand the changes in temperature and precipitation under climate change scenarios to take appropriate adaptation measures. This work, therefore, examined the changes of precipitation and temperature under all Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP2.6, 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5) scenarios of climate change in the Sikkim Himalayan region of India. The datasets from two different global circulation models (GCMs) have been used to analyseSikkim’s;s daily precipitation and temperature for the near, mid, and far future. The linear scaling bias correction method (LCBCM) was employed to remove the bias because of a significant difference between the raw and observed monthly climate data for both GCMs.The predictions based on bias-corrected GCMs data under all RCP scenarios indicated that Tmax and Tmin are projected to increase in the near, mid and far futures. The projection of CSIRO_MK 3.6 model indicated that the increase in Tmax from near to far ranges from 1.0 to 1.5°C, 0.8 to 2.8°C, 0.4 to 2.3°C and 0.5 to 4.2°C under the four scenarios, respectively. Similarly, the projected to increase in Tmin from near to far ranges from 1.5 to 2.0°C, 1.1 to 3.5°C, 0.5 to 3.0°C and 0.8 to 4.5°C in RCP 2.6, 4.5, 6.0 and 8.5 scenarios, correspondingly. The results also showed that in climate change scenarios, the rate of precipitation is expected to increase, which could lead to the rise of snowmelt and flooding in the near future. This study is recommended to increase the number GCMs in future studies to reduce the uncertainty in future prediction and utilize the LCBC method for bias correction.
Modeling and Monitoring the Development of an Oil Field under Conditions of Mass Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Miel Hofmann , Hameed Al-Obaidi Sudad , Hussein Khalaf Falah
Published: March 2022

In order to ensure the most complete recovery of hydrocarbons and to minimize costs in the production process, it is necessary to control the development of an oil field, even during production, through various geological and technological measures. In terms of the volume of additional oil extracted through the implementation of geological and technological measures, hydraulic fracturing (HF) operations occupy the top positions.

This paper describes a modified method for accounting for hydraulic fractures in a geological and technological model of a hydrocarbon field. The method makes it possible to perform all calculations related to the modeling of fractures in the pre-processing phase and to use its results as input data for the hydrodynamic simulator. An example of the calculation on a real development object is given. The analysis of the results showed the correctness of this method. The geological and hydrodynamic model provided a satisfactory reproduction of the development history for the oil field under study. The predicted flow rates and bottomhole pressures of the wells were close to the actual values. The error in annual oil and fluid rates is no greater than 3 %. The results of the calculations can serve as indirect confirmation of the hypothesis of spontaneous growth of hydraulic fracturing cracks in injection wells. In fact, by increasing the half-length of the hydraulic fractures in the injection wells in the model to 250 m, the discrepancy between the calculated and actual bottomhole pressures was reduced to fractions of a percent. The half-length of the fracture was 70 - 140 m and the half-opening was 1.2 - 2.5 mm. The average permeability of the proppant package in the crack is 220 d. The calculated skin factor for the design wells according to proposed model was −4.58.

HIGHLIGHTS

Various geological and technological measures are taken to control the development of an oil field, even during production

Enhancing oil recovery by accounting for hydraulic fractures in a geological and technological model of a hydrocarbon field

Evidence of spontaneous crack growth in injection wells of hydrocarbon fields in indirect confirmation of the hypothesis of hydraulic fracturing

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Effects of Ovariectomy and Dieting with Nano Calcium Phosphate on Bone Quality in White Rats Rattus norvegicus
Authors: Mulyaningsih Neng Nenden , Juwono Ariadne Lakshmidevi , Soejoko Djarwani Soeharso , Astuti Dewi Apri
Published: March 2022

Calcium supplements are widely used to prevent osteopenia and osteoporosis and can be used as a treatment along with other drugs. The effect of this supplement can be seen from the improved bone quality. The focus in this study was to analyze the quality of femur bone based on the mineral maturity and the degree of crystallinity from ovariectomized Rattus norvegicus where the treatment of various nano calcium phosphate diets (1.0×; 1.5× and 2.0× normal needs, respectively called A, B and C diets) also given. In the amount of 40 white female rats age 12 weeks were ovariectomized and 5 sham rats were nurtured. The group of sham was given euthanasia treatment at age 13 weeks, while ovariectomized group was treated euthanasia at age 17 and 21 weeks. At the age of 25 weeks after ovariectomy, the rats were treated with a nano calcium phosphate diet where analysis was performed when they were 31 and 40 weeks old. In each harvest, proximal femur part was collected and characterized by using FTIR Spectroscopy. Rat bone quality shows osteoporosis trait for the first time at age 21 weeks or after 9 weeks of ovariectomy with the mineral maturity and degree of crystallinity decreased in the amount of 1.16  and 2.27 %, respectively compared to femur bone from sham rat group. The dietary treatment study conducted showed that the group of rats fed the A diet had not a significant changes (p < 0.05) in the mineral maturity and the degree of crystallinity, while giving B or C diet had a significant increase in the mineral maturity at 40 weeks of age or after 15 weeks on a diet. The increase in the degree of crystallinity of the rats fed B diet (6 weeks) was faster than the group fed C diet (15 weeks). Therefore, diet B is recommended because it is more efficient and effective based on the time it increases the degree of crystallinity and the cost of producing the diet.

HIGHLIGHTS

Ovariectomy is one of the treatments that can condition the bones of rats to have osteoporosis. One of the bone parts of rats that are often affected by osteoporosis is the femur

Bones of rats that have osteoporosis can be restored by giving a nano calcium phosphate diet

Parameters that can be analyzed regarding the decline and improvement of bone quality include mineral maturity and the degree of crystallinity. Assessment of these parameters can be done using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
SEASONAL AND DIURNAL VARIATION OF SURFACE ENERGY FLUXES AND SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS OVER A SEMIARID GRASSLAND IN WEST AFRICA
Authors: Ayoola O. Oluwadare , Harald Kunstmann , Esolomo J. Oluwadare , Jan Bliefernicht
Published: March 2022

Radiative fluxes and surface energy fluxes computed using the eddy covariance method from January to December 2013 were used to investigate the partition of energy and energy exchange over degraded grassland in the Sudanian savannah region of West Africa. In Sumbrungu Agunsi, (10.841°N, 0.918°W), in Ghana’s upper east area, an Eddy Covariance station was erected near to the Ghana–Burkina-Faso border. The fluctuations in radiation components, energy fluxes, and surface characteristics components were studied on a seasonal and daily basis. The Incoming shortwave radiation, out-going shortwave radiation, incoming long wave radiation and out-going long wave radiation all varied annually, resulting in a seasonal variation in net radiation. The soil moisture content, evaporative fraction, and the surface albedo were found to be low during the dry season but high during the wet season, while, the Bowen ratio was found to be high during the dry season but low during the wet season. During the wet season, majority of the available energy were converted to latent heat, but, during the dry season, majority of the available energy was transformed to sensible heat. The station’s energy balance closure was investigated; slope of the regression found was 0.67 with an intercept of 33 Wm-2 . The reasons for the station’s energy balance not being closed were investigated.
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT TILLAGE PRACTICES ON SOIL FERTILITY PROPERTIES: A REVIEW
Authors: Odinaka OKORIE Benedict , Yadav NIRAJ
Published: March 2022

Soil tillage is an important factor affecting soil fertility properties and crop yield. Tillage impact certain soil physical and chemical properties such as bulk density, soil porosity and water-holding capacity, infiltration rates, hydraulic conductivity, soil temperature, soil organic carbon, pH, CEC, available nitrogen, phosphorus and exchangeable potassium amongst others. The main objective of the present work was to compare the effect of no-tillage systems and the conventional tillage systems. Tillage systems can be generally categorized into plow tillage (conventional tillage), reduced tillage using chisel plow, disc plow, harrow disc or cultivators and no-till systems. Conservation tillage and its various types generally improve the soil quality indicators including soil organic carbon (SOC) storage. Whereas, conventional tillage practices give birth to a finer and loose-setting soil structure with a modified soil bulk density and soil moisture content, hence, causing loss of soil organic carbon and deterioration in other soil properties. Generally, soil fertility properties are more favourable with no-till than tillage-based systems. However, some researchers observed no significant effect of tillage methods (no-tillage and plow till) on bulk density (BD), pH and total porosity, while others found otherwise. The magnitude of these discrepancies could be due to the differences in crop species, soil properties, climatic characteristics and their complex interactions as well as tillage system adopted.
WOMENâ€™S ROLE IN THE MEDICINAL PLANTS MARKET IN THE TAMU OF WEST COAST, SABAH
Authors: Foo Jurry , Jaafar Kadir
Published: March 2022

This paper aims to describe womenâ€™s roles in medicinal plants market in the tamu (local market). This paper is based on the results of a case study which was conducted in some selected tamu in west coast, Sabah. Data has been collected via survey with 84 women vendors. Finding has listed five main roles including selling medicinal plant, supply sources, cultivating medicinal plants, provide knowledge and enhancing knowledge. While, the average mean score is 3.73, which is indicate that the role of women in the medicinal plants market is positive.
Reflexively Negotiating Individuality-collectivity: Malaysian Teenagersâ€™ Self Identity and Their Consumption of the Global Television
Authors: Abdul Karim Haryati
Published: March 2022

Like any country, Malaysia experienced the effects of globalization on its cultural identity. Satellite television became one of the conduits for the inflow of transnational culture through the various channels in Malaysia. A study had been conducted to examine how the meeting of the global cultures through the media are shaping young Malaysiansâ€™ self-identity, by looking at what forms of global identities that are being reproduced. Secondly, if local collective identities and culture are being disembedded out of its locality due to their consumption of the global television programmes. By capturing the narratives of young Malay, Chinese, Indian and Kadazandusuns from their media diaries and focus group interviews, it is found that media globalization have led to the emergence of a fluid and hybrid identities among young Malaysians. Individualised identities based on Western fashion pleasure and music are forms of individualized identity that draws young Malaysians. However, local cultural identity - religion and ethnicity are not being disembedded rather it is negotiated along with global identities and re-embedded in new contexts. Using Giddensâ€™ notion of â€˜self-reflexivityâ€™, it is found that young Malaysians reorganized their sense of self not because of the collapsing of the local culture but because of the prevalent forces of local culture in their daily lives that is constraining their position as global-modern subjects.
KERANGKA KAJIAN PENYELIDIKAN PEMERKASAAN KEUSAHAWANAN DALAM KALANGAN PELAJAR UNIVERSITI AWAM
Authors: Shamsudin Abdul Shukor , Othman Abdul Rahim , Ishak Khairol Anuar , Abd Rahman Rosshairy
Published: March 2022

AbstrakArtikel ini bertujuan untuk mengemukakan kerangka penyelidikan tentang hubungan antara perkhidmatan sokongan kerajaan dan pemerkasaan keusahawanan serta ciri-ciri peribadi sebagai penyederhana dalam hubungan antara kedua-dua pemboleh ubah tersebut dalam kalangan pelajar universiti awam. Umumnya, cabaran utama bagi para graduan apabila menamatkan pengajian ialah untuk mendapat pekerjaan yang bersesuaian dengan bidang pengajian mereka. Malah, kadar pengangguran dalam kalangan siswazah masa kini turut membimbangkan. Sebagai tindakan alternatif, pihak kerajaan amat menggalakkan supaya para pelajar diberi pendedahan tentang ciri-ciri keusahawanan semasa mereka masih mengikuti pengajian lagi. Pemerkasaan merujuk kepada sikap proaktif untuk berjaya dalam bidang ini. Selain daripada itu, perkhidmatan sokongan kerajaan amat diperlukan oleh semua usahawan dan PKS termasuk juga para pelajar yang menceburi bidang ini. Dapatan penyelidikan terdahulu membuktikan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pemboleh ubah-pemboleh ubah. Hasil penyelidikan ini dijangka dapat memberi sumbangan dalam usaha menanam minat supaya lebih ramai para graduan memilih keusahawanan sebagai pilihan kerjaya serta membantu mereka berjaya dalam bidang ini.
THE VULNERABILITY OF BAJAU LAUT AS STATELESS PEOPLE IN SABAH
Authors: WAN HASSAN WAN SHAWALUDDIN , PETERS DIANA
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT The Bajau Laut, or Sea Bajau or also often referred to with the derogatory label Palauh by other communities, are known to be living within their ancestral domain of the Sulu and the Celebes Seas or the Sulu-Semporna-South Sulawesi Triangle. During the Pre-British period, their mobility around this region was well established as part of their civilization and was not an issue with other peoples in the land-based territories.  However, the legal status of the Bajau Laut became problematic when citizenship and territories were formalized by the emergence of the nation-states of the Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia. In the case of the Bajau Laut population located on the Malaysian side of Sabah, the dynamics of their own internal development has become more complicated.  In Sabah there are three groups of Bajau: the West Coast Bajau, the various groups of East Coast Bajau, and the Bajau Laut who can be found along Sabah’s east coast, and around the islands off of Semporna. These three groups can be differentiated by their language and dialects, as well as livelihood, status in life, education, community structure and their general worldviews.  The West Coast Bajau and the East Coast Bajau have slowly integrated themselves into the Malaysian society, while the Bajau Laut continues their semi-nomadic life at sea and are generally regarded as stateless by the Malaysian government.  This paper looks into the changes that has occurred within the Bajau Laut group and how they are viewed by the Sabah government and society.  One of the main finding of this paper is that the status of the Bajau Laut as stateless has made them more vulnerable and easily exploited. This in turn presents as a possible security problem to the state as these people pledges allegiance to no one.
HISTORICAL LEGACY IN ETHNO-RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION IN MALAYSIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN THE PENINSULA AND SABAH
Authors: ABDULLAH A RAHMAN TANG
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT This paper discusses the historical dimension that reflects the circumstances and differences which shape the relations between ethnicity with religious affiliations in Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah. The basis for the discussion is derived from the current reflection on Multi-ethnicity and multi-religious society in Malaysia which is not merely based on a single context at national level. In fact, it is evident that these two interrelated aspects are actually subjected to different contexts in the sub-regions; namely West Malaysia (also known as the Peninsula) and East Malaysia which is composed of Sabah and Sarawak. The different status-quo also reflects different impacts on all issues related to ethnicity and religious sentiments in Malaysia as a whole. Without ignoring the focus on the current perspectives on the differences in ethnicity and religion between the Peninsula and Sabah, it is important to explore the historical development during the colonial period which shaped the phenomena in ethnicity and religion in both areas.
INVESTIGAÇÕES ACERCA DA PEDAGOGIA DO ESPORTE NA ESCOLA
Authors: Rodrigues Aline Britto
Published: March 2022

Essa pesquisa objetivou investigar a produção científica sobre a Pedagogia do Esporte em dissertações e teses produzidas em Programas de Pós-graduação no Brasil. Logo, o referencial teórico discorre sobre esse campo de conhecimento. É um estudo caracterizado como “estado da arte”, cuja busca ocorreu no portal da CAPES, no mês de fevereiro de 2020. Dentre os 84 trabalhos encontrados, 10 (13%) atenderam a prerrogativa do lócus de pesquisa. Oito deles corresponderam a dissertações (80%), e dois a teses (20%), ambas as modalidades defendidas entre os anos de 2006 e 2017. Oito trabalhos versam sobre o ensino de esportes, dentre esses, quatro delimitaram a modalidade, já os outros quatro estabeleceram uma abordagem de modo generalizado.  Dois textos apresentaram temáticas relacionadas com os esportes, assim como a “mídia” e a “competição escolar”. Diante disto, considera-se imperativa a ampliação de pesquisas que estreitem a relação entre as novas tendências da Pedagogia do Esporte e a Educação Física Escolar.
MOOC “HISTÓRIAS DO FUTEBOL PRATICADO POR MULHERES NO BRASIL”
Authors: Pereira Mateus Camargo , Impolcetto Fernanda Moreto
Published: March 2022

Este artigo objetivou avaliar o Curso Online Aberto Massivo “histórias do futebol praticado por mulheres no Brasil”, pela ótica de seus concluintes, professores e estudantes de educação física brasileiros. Tratou-se de pesquisa qualitativa, com dados produzidos por questionário aberto e categorização das respostas encontradas. Foram identificadas as categorias avaliação, contribuições para a formação e para a atuação profissional. Avaliado positivamente, a identificação de virtudes e limitações foi acompanhada de sugestões para a melhoria do MOOC. Dentre as virtudes indicou-se a qualidade do conteúdo, acessibilidade e funcionalidade. Como limitações foram apontadas falhas técnicas e questões de funcionalidade. Os concluintes sugeriram aprimoramento dos meios de interação e respostas às questões avaliativas na plataforma, entre outras. A contribuição para a formação deu-se sob a forma de atualização profissional, formação para o combate ao preconceito de gênero, formação profissional. Como utilização dos conhecimentos apontou-se os espaços de atuação profissional, produção acadêmica e ações pessoais. Percebeu-se dificuldade de proposições que avançassem para a elaboração de planos de aulas. Conclui-se que a formação continuada a distância abre possibilidades para o tratamento do tema sendo os MOOC uma das formas possíveis para realizá-la, ainda que com melhorias a serem viabilizadas com vistas a favorece a interação entre os participantes.
problema de INCAFE
Authors: E. M.
Published: March 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 42, No. 461, 1987: 242-245.
A Concise Review on The Current Status of Agricultural Mechanization and Environmental Considerations in Nigeria
Authors: Ibrahim Muhammad , Chen Deqiang , Ibrahim Shettima S. , Danjaji Hafsat Alhassan , Muazu Tasiu
Published: March 2022

The recent innovation in mechanical farming techniques has provided a rapid advancement in farming occupations and has increased both efficiency and productivity in the sector. This review work has investigated the current status of mechanized farming; farm machinery, the domestic factories of the farm implements and their importations, as well as the challenges confronting agricultural mechanization in Nigeria. The paper also discussed and provided the insightful information about the environmental considerations in agricultural mechanization practices.
Chemical Quality of Rumen Fermentation And In Vitro Digestability Of Complete Feed Based on Sorgum-Clitoria Ternatea Silage with Additional Concentrate Contains Znso4 And Zn-Cu Isoleucinate
Authors: Hartati Erna , Lestari Gusti A. Y. , Kleden Markus M. , Jelantik I.G.N. , Telupere F.M.S.
Published: March 2022

This study was done to examine the chemical quality of rumen fermentation and in vitro digestibility of complete feed based on silage sorghum-Clitoria ternatea with the level of addition of concentrates. The Complete Randomized Disgn was used in this study with four treatments and four replications. The treatments were T1: Sorghum silage – Clitoria ternatea without concentrate; T2: T1 + 10% concentrate; T3: T1 + 20% concentrate and T4: T1 + 30% concentrate. The concentrate contains 150 mg ZnSO4/kg DM and 2% Zn-Cu isoleucine/kg DM ration. The parameters studied were 1). chemical quality; 2) production NH3 and VFA in vitro; 3) digestibility of DM and OM (DDM and DOM) in vitro. The results showed that the treatment could be increased the crude protein content and the increase occurred linearly, but decrease the crude fiber content such as NDF, ADF, cellulose, and lignin, while the content of hamicellulose had no efeect. The treatments also had no effect on the pH value, decreased VFA production, and increased NH3 production in vitro, but the highest contribution of protein and crude fiber to NH3 and VFA production was at the level addition of T1 treatment. Treatments had an effect on increasing DDM and DOM in vitro and the highest was at the level of addition of 10% concentrate (T1). It could be concluded that the protein and crude fiber content gave a highest contribution to the production of NH3, VFA, DDM and DOM in vitro at 10% concentrate level.
ВІДМІННОСТІ У ФІЗИЧНІЙ ПІДГОТОВЛЕНОСТІ ГРАВЦІВ У ФУТБОЛ І ФУТЗАЛ
Authors: Стрикаленко Євгеній , Шалар Олег , Андрєєва Регіна , Гузар Віктор
Published: March 2022

В статті порівнюється рівень загальної та спеціальної фізичної підготовленості гравців у футбол та футзал. Доведено, що гравці в футболі характеризуються високим рівнем розвитку швидкісно-силових здібностей нижніх кінцівок, швидкості переміщень та витривалості. Особливістю фізичної підготовленості футзалістів є високий рівень розвитку швидкісної реакції та рухливості в різних суглобах та координованості рухів Для підвищення ефективності тренувального процесу необхідно розвивати провідні фізичні якості, якими в футболі є швидкісно-силові, витривалість та швидкість. А в футзалі гнучкість, швидкість реакції та швидкість переміщень.
Методичний інструментарій оцінювання рівня стабільності аграрних підприємств
Authors: Sumets Alexander , Kniaz Sviatoslav , Heorhiadi Nelli , Skrynkovskyy Ruslan , Matsuk Vasylyna
Published: March 2022

Мета. Метою виконаного дослідження є розвиток методичного інструментарію оцінювання рівня стабільності аграрних підприємств на основі дослідження стохастичних рядів значень результуючих параметрів.

Методологія / методика / підхід. Під час виконаного дослідження застосовано метод моделювання стохастичних величин, зокрема, рівняння Ферхюльста для дослідження динаміки значень результуючого параметра відносно монотонно зростаючого ряду значень і різних значень коефіцієнта «скупчення щільності». Для прогнозування значень дисперсії результуючого параметра застосовано GARCH модель, а для визначення залежності стану підприємств від факторів внутрішнього та зовнішнього середовищ – застосовано регресійний аналіз.

Результати. Прийнято на основі досліджень попередників, що значення логістичної функції Ферхюльста імітують поведінку стохастичної величини, тому цю функцію можна використовувати для вимірювання точки переходу системи із стабільного стану в стан нестабільності. Доведено, що, враховуючи стохастичну та рефлексивну природу розвитку аграрних підприємств, прогнозування їхнього стану доцільно здійснювати на основі порівняння дисперсій значень результативного параметра. Аргументовано, що застосування функції зміни степеневих коефіцієнтів дозволяє отримати найбільш повну інформацію про вплив суб’єктивних факторів внутрішнього середовища аграрних підприємств на їхній стан.

Оригінальність / наукова новизна. Розвинуто методичний інструментарій оцінювання рівня стабільності аграрних підприємств, який базується на застосуванні рівняння Ферхюльста для дослідження динаміки значень результуючого параметра відносно монотонно зростаючого ряду значень і різних значень коефіцієнта «скупчення щільності», і, на відміну від наявних, дозволяє ідентифікувати точку біфуркації та встановити залежність результуючого параметра від факторів внутрішнього та зовнішнього середовищ аграрного підприємства.

Практична цінність / значущість. Практична цінність розвинутого методичного інструментарію полягає в можливості його застосування керівниками аграрних підприємств для прогнозування їхнього стану із урахуванням впливу факторів внутрішнього та зовнішнього середовищ. Ураховуючи те, що прогнозування зводиться до одного результуючого параметра, то запропонований інструментарій є простим до застосування. Його доцільно використовувати для обґрунтування прийняття регулювальних рішень, зокрема, під час адаптивного управління та раціоналізації процесів управління персоналом й інтелектуальним потенціалом працівників.
A Retrospective on Gainful Employment
Authors: Gillen Andrew
Published: March 2022

The set of regulations known as “Gainful Employment” are designed to hold higher education programs accountable for student loan debt by establishing debt-to-income thresholds. Andrew Gillen evaluates the approach used by regulators to help policymakers develop the next iteration of accountability for higher education.
Zonally Asymmetric Influences of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation on Stratospheric Ozone
Authors: Wang Wuke , Hong Jin , Shangguan Ming , Wang Hongyue , Jiang Wei , Zhao Shuyun
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO), as the dominant mode in the equatorial stratosphere, modulates the dynamical circulation as well as the distribution of trace gases in the stratosphere. While the zonal mean changes in stratospheric ozone associated with QBO have been relatively well documented, the zonal (longitudinal) differences of the ozone signals related to QBO have been less studied. Here we demonstrate that the influences of QBO on stratospheric ozone are zonally asymmetric. Based on a composite analysis using satellite data, ERA5 reanalysis and model simulations, we found that the global distribution of stratospheric ozone varies significantly during different QBO phases. During QBO westerly (QBOW) phases, the total ozone column (TCO) and stratospheric ozone are anomalously high in the tropics, while in the mid-latitudes they are anomalously low over most of the areas, especially during the winter-spring of the respective hemisphere. This confirms the results from previous studies. In the polar region, the TCO and stratospheric ozone (50–10 hPa) anomalies are seasonal dependent and zonally asymmetric: during boreal winter (DJF), positive anomalies of TCO and stratospheric ozone are evident during QBOW over the regions from Greenland to Eurasia (60º W–120º E) in the Arctic while significant negative anomalies exist over other longitudes; in boreal autumn (SON), TCO and stratospheric ozone are anomalously high in the eastern hemisphere, but anomalously low in the western hemisphere over the Arctic; significant positive stratospheric ozone anomalies exist over the South America and Atlantic sector (60º W–60º E) of the Antarctic while negative anomalies of TCO and stratospheric ozone are seen in other longitudes during its spring (SON). The consistent features of TCO and stratospheric ozone anomalies indicate that the QBO in TCO is mainly determined by the stratospheric ozone variations. Analysis of meteorological conditions indicates that ozone anomalies associated with QBO are negatively correlated with temperature changes, suggesting that the QBO in stratospheric ozone is mainly caused by dynamical transport rather than temperature. QBO affects the geopotential height and polar vortex strength and subsequently the transport of ozone-rich air from lower latitudes to the polar region, which therefore influences the ozone concentrations over the polar regions. The geopotential height anomalies are zonally asymmetric with clear wave-1 features, which indicates that QBO influences the polar vortex and stratospheric ozone mainly by modifying the wave number 1 activities.
Traceable total ozone column retrievals from direct solar spectral irradiance measurements in the ultraviolet
Authors: Egli Luca , Gröbner Julian , Hülsen Gregor , Schill Herbert , Stübi René
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Total column ozone (TCO) is commonly measured by Brewer and Dobson spectroradiometers. Both types of instruments use solar irradiance
measurements at four wavelengths in the ultraviolet radiation range to
derive TCO. For the calibration and quality assurance of the measured TCO
both instrument types require periodic field comparisons with a reference
instrument. This study presents traceable TCO retrievals from direct solar spectral
irradiance measurements with the portable UV reference instrument QASUME.
TCO is retrieved by a spectral fitting technique derived by a minimal least
square fit algorithm using spectral measurements in the wavelength range
between 305 and 345 nm. The retrieval is based on an atmospheric model
accounting for different atmospheric parameters such as effective ozone
temperature, aerosol optical depth, Rayleigh scattering, SO2, ground
air pressure, ozone absorption cross sections and top-of-the-atmosphere solar
spectrum. Traceability is achieved by fully characterizing and calibrating
the QASUME spectroradiometer in the laboratory to SI standards
(International System of Units). The TCO retrieval method from this
instrument is independent from any reference instrument and does not require periodic in situ field calibration. The results show that TCO from QASUME can be retrieved with a relative
standard uncertainty of less than 0.8 % when accounting for uncertainties from the measurements and the retrieval model, such as different ozone absorption cross sections, different reference top-of-the-atmosphere solar spectra, uncertainties from effective ozone temperature or other atmospheric
parameters. The long-term comparison of QASUME TCO with TCO derived from a
Brewer and a Dobson in Davos, Switzerland, reveals that all three
instruments are consistent within 1 % when using the ozone absorption
cross section from the University of Bremen. From the results and method
presented here, other absolute SI calibrated cost-effective solar
spectroradiometers, such as array spectroradiometers, may be applied for
traceable TCO monitoring.