bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KAIDAH-KAIDAH ISLAM MENJAWAB PERMASALAHAN SOSIAL DAN EKONOMI UMAT
Authors: Hasanah Neneng , Hamzah Hamzah
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Talking about the rules of jurisprudence on social issues, also called norms of jurisprudence on muamalah (transaction social), can not be separated from human life as social beings whose deliberations will never be completed in a short time, he needs space and time in addressing and finish it. As social beings, humans have always played an important role and dominate the issue, because he is as subject and object. So he tested must be able to provide solutions to every social problem that occurred. In muamalah jurisprudence and Islamic family law, the scope of ijtihad to be very broad and materials jurisprudence as a result of ijtihad becomes very much. While al-Quran and al-Hadith and to determine the field muamalah only sketchily which is reflected in the arguments kully (general), maqasid al-shariah, the spirit of the teachings and rules kulliyah. In this framework, humans were given the freedom sought on this earth. To prosper the life of this world, man as God's caliph must kretaif, innovative, hard work and struggle. Not fighting for life but life is a struggle to carry out the mandate of God, which is essentially for human kemashlahatan all. Thus a lot of the efforts of the jurists to give way on the problems of mankind with their ijtihad in fiqh rules about muamalah field, ranging from fundamental rules and branches.Abstrak: Berbicara tentang aturan hukum Islam pada masalah sosial, atau disebut juga dengan fiqih muamalah, tidak dapat dipisahkan dari kehidupan manusia sebagai makhluk sosial yang tidak akan pernah selesai dalam waktu singkat, ia mem­butuh­kan ruang dan waktu dalam menyikapi dan menyelesaikannya. Sebagai makhluk sosial, manusia selalu memainkan peran penting dan mendominasi masalahnya, kare­na ia sebagai subjek dan objek pada permasalahan tersebut. Maka ia diuji sejauh mana mampu memberikan solusi pada setiap masalah sosial yang terjadi. Dalam perma­salahan sosial/muamalah dan hukum keluarga Islam, ruang lingkup ijtihad menjadi sangat luas dan materi sebagai hasil dari ijtihad menjadi sangat banyak. Sedangkan al-Quran dan al-Hadits dalam bidang muamalah tidak secara eksplisit menjelaskannya, ia hanya tercermin dalam kaidah kully (umum), maqasid al-syariah, semangat ajaran dan aturan kulliyah. Berdasar­kan kerangka itulah manusia diberi kebebasan berusaha di muka bumi ini, berusaha untuk menjadi yang terbaik. Dalam memakmurkan kehidupan alam jagat raya, manusia sebagai khalifah Allah harus kreatif, inovatif, kerja keras, dan berjuang untuk menggali potensinya sebagai wakil Allah di bumi ini. Bukan berjuang hanya sekedar untuk hidup, tetapi hidup ini adalah perjuangan untuk melaksanakan amanat Allah yang pada hakikatnya untuk kemashlahatan manusia semua. Sehingga dengan demikian, banyak sekali usaha-usaha para fuqaha (ahli hukum Islam) untuk memberikan jalan pada permasalahan umat manusia dengan ijtihad mereka dalam bidang kaidah fiqih tentang muamalah, mulai dari kaidah asasi dan cabangnya.
Developing and Recognising Undergraduate Medical Educators in a UK Medical School - A Case Study
Authors: Napier Jordan , Khogali Shihab E
Published: July 2019

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. The UK General Medical Council (GMC) requires all UK Medical Schools to formally recognise trainers performing 'named roles' in undergraduate medical education. A staff development programme has been designed and implemented by the School of Medicine, University of Dundee. The programme has been made available to staff working within the School of Medicine and its partner organisations. Lessons learned through the process include, a need for: face-to-face interaction and dialogue with educators, readily available and accessible local CPD opportunities, establishment of local communities of practice, and a clear message to educators that the complexity of the 'Recognition of Trainers' process is at the organisational (rather than the individual) level.
SISTEMA RADICULAR DAS GRAMAS CULTIVADAS EM GRAMATURAS DE GEOTÊXTIL SOB IRRIGAÇÃO SUBSUPERFICIAL
Authors: Nascimento Thiara Silvestre , BÔAS ROBERTO LYRA VILLAS , SALOMÃO LEANDRO CAIXETA , FERRAZ ROBERTO BOTELHO , ARAÚJO VICTOR ROCHA
Published: July 2019

A irrigação localizada tem sua importância dentro da agricultura brasileira, principalmente pelo baixo consumo de água em função da crise hídrica que o pais vem enfrentando nos últimos anos. O entupimento dos emissores, ocasionado pelas partículas do solo ou intrusão radicular objetivou avaliar diferentes gramaturas de geotêxtil na cobertura dos gotejadores instalados subsuperficalmente com uma lâmina física no cultivo de gramas. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, no Departamento de Solos e Recursos Ambientais da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, UNESP, município de Botucatu - SP. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados (DBC), com oito tratamentos: T1 sem geotêxtil, T2 geotêxtil não tecido agulhado em polipropileno (N26.1), T3 geotêxtil não tecido agulhado em polipropileno (N30.1) e T4 geotêxtil não tecido agulhado em polipropileno (N40.1), com cinco repetições, e duas gramíneas, totalizando 40 unidades. Observou-se que as espécies de gramas cultivadas não apresentaram resultados significativos ao analisar as imagens pelo WinRhizo, em número de raízes, comprimento e volume entre espécies e tratamentos aos 30, 60, 90 e 120 (DAP). A massa fresca avaliada das aparas apresentaram resultados significativos entre tratamentos e não entre espécies, sendo a gramatura N.30 superior aos demais resultados. Não houve nenhuma raiz aderida nos emissores.

 

Palavras-chave: gramado ornamental, gramado esportivo, irrigação localizada, irrigação por gotejamento
Tissue-Resident Macrophages Promote Renal Cystic Disease
Authors: Zimmerman Kurt A. , Song Cheng J. , Li Zhang , Lever Jeremie M. , Crossman David K. , Rains Addison , Aloria Ernald J. , Gonzalez Nancy M. , Bassler John R. , Zhou Juling , Crowley Michael R. , Revell Dustin Z. , Yan Zhaoqi , Shan Dan , Benveniste Etty N. , George James F. , Mrug Michal , Yoder Bradley K.
Published: July 2019

Significance Statement

Disruption of cilia function before postnatal day 12–14 in mice or renal injury in adult mice with cilia dysfunction results in accelerated renal cyst formation. Macrophages have been implicated in promoting cyst formation; however, it is unclear whether infiltrating bone marrow-derived or kidney resident macrophages are responsible. The authors show that a specific population of juvenile-like resident macrophages are present during periods of accelerated cyst formation. Inhibition of juvenile-like resident macrophage accumulation using a colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor kinase inhibitor reduced the severity of cystic disease in two different animal models of cystic disease. These results suggest resident renal macrophages contribute to cystic disease.

Background

Mutations affecting cilia proteins have an established role in renal cyst formation. In mice, the rate of cystogenesis is influenced by the age at which cilia dysfunction occurs and whether the kidney has been injured. Disruption of cilia function before postnatal day 12–14 results in rapid cyst formation; however, cyst formation is slower when cilia dysfunction is induced after postnatal day 14. Rapid cyst formation can also be induced in conditional adult cilia mutant mice by introducing renal injury. Previous studies indicate that macrophages are involved in cyst formation, however the specific role and type of macrophages responsible has not been clarified.

Methods

We analyzed resident macrophage number and subtypes during postnatal renal maturation and after renal injury in control and conditionalIft88cilia mutant mice. We also used a pharmacological inhibitor of resident macrophage proliferation and accumulation to determine the importance of these cells during rapid cyst formation.

Results

Our data show that renal resident macrophages undergo a phenotypic switch from R2b (CD11clo) to R2a (CD11chi) during postnatal renal maturation. The timing of this switch correlates with the period in which cyst formation transitions from rapid to slow following induction of cilia dysfunction. Renal injury induces the reaccumulation of juvenile-like R2b resident macrophages in cilia mutant mice and restores rapid cystogenesis. Loss of primary cilia in injured conditionalIft88mice results in enhanced epithelial production of membrane-bound CSF1, a cytokine that promotes resident macrophage proliferation. Inhibiting CSF1/CSF1-receptor signaling with a CSF1R kinase inhibitor reduces resident macrophage proliferation, R2b resident macrophage accumulation, and renal cyst formation in two mouse models of cystic disease.

Conclusions

These data uncover an important pathogenic role for resident macrophages during rapid cyst progression.
Forecasting High-Risk Composite CAMELS Ratings
Authors: Gaul Lewis , Jones Jonathan , Uysal Pinar
Published: July 2019

We investigate whether statistical learning models can contribute to supervisors’ off-site monitoring of banks’ overall condition. We use five statistical learning and two forecast combination models to forecast high-risk composite CAMELS ratings over time (1984-2015), where a high-risk composite CAMELS rating is defined as a CAMELS rating of 3, 4, or 5. Our results indicate that the standard logit model, which is already widely used to forecast CAMELS ratings, comes close enough to be an adequate model for predicting high-risk ratings. We also find that the overall accuracy of the individual forecasts could be modestly improved upon by using forecast combination methods.
Los marcadores discursivos pero y ¿no? en el habla sur andina de Nariño, Colombia
Authors: Ramírez Bravo Roberto
Published: July 2019

En este artículo de investigación se examina el uso de los marcadores pero y ¿no? en el habla surandina nariñense; se asumen los niveles semántico y pragmático de estos marcadores en posición final, en diferentes acontecimientos comunicativos y explica su convencionalidad en estructuras discursivas cotidianas. Este trabajo es descriptivo y se desarrolla en el marco de la etnografía de la comunicación, en cuyo contexto se señalan las principales acepciones semánticas y las formas pragmáticas habituales de pero y ¿no? El uso oral de estas expresiones trasciende las funciones de conjunción y de adverbio respectivamente.
Historia del tiempo presente: una mirada desde las prácticas de investigación y formación
Authors: Herrera Martha Cecilia , Olaya Gualteros Vladimir
Published: July 2019

Los procesos de violencia política en el continente latinoamericano han sido de larga duración, y han incidido en la formación de las subjetividades. En este contexto, el grupo Educación y Cultura Política fundó un programa de formación e investigación que intenta comprender dichos procesos, a partir de la historia del tiempo presente. En este artículo se describe cómo se ha relacionado la formación y la historia del tiempo presente en los trabajos de investigación llevados a cabo en la búsqueda de la comprensión de la configuración de subjetividades en medio de contextos de violencia política.
Make a worm picker v1
Authors: Riccio Cristian
Published: July 2019

Make a worm picker. Platinum is used because it cools down very quickly after sterilisation under a flame.
Effect of cobalt content on non­isothermal crystallization kinetics of Fe­based amorphous alloys
Authors: Parra-Velásquez Carolina , Perea-Cabarcas Darling , Bolívar-Osorio Francisco Javier
Published: July 2019

In the present study, FeSiBP and FeCoSiBP ribbons with a fully amorphous structure were made by melt spinning technique. A detailed analysis of the isochronal crystallization behavior is presented in this paper. The influence of cobalt on the crystallization kinetics of the alloys was studied under isochronal conditions using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Apparent and local activation energy values were determined by Kissinger, Ozawa and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) methods. The results indicate that appropriate amounts of cobalt can significantly enhance the thermal stability of Fe-based alloys, through an increase in nucleation activation energy from 538kJ/mol to 701kJ/mol, obtained by Kissinger method. Furthermore, with the method proposed by Matusita, it was possible to obtain global values for the Avrami exponent, noting that from a general perspective, Co changes the mechanism from diffusion controlled to interface controlled. This leads to the conclusion that the crystallization process is complex and takes place in more than one stage. Therefore, the determination of nucleation mechanisms and dimensional growth is difficult due to the inapplicability of the Johnson-Melh-Avrami (JMA) model. As such, a study under isothermal conditions is suggested, in order to achieve a full understanding of the mechanisms involved.
Significance of Width of Keratinized Mucosa on Peri-Implant Tissue Health: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Fatih Mohammed , Zardawi Faraedon , Gul Sarhang
Published: July 2019

Objective: Impact of the width of keratinized mucosa on peri-implant health is controversial. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine the impact of the width of keratinized mucosa on the health status of the peri-implant tissue.  

Methods: Thirty-nine patients with one hundred fifty-seven dental implants with loading time ranged between 1 to 9 years were recruited. Clinical examinations included plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), the width of keratinized mucosa (WKM), buccal mucosal recession (MR) and radiographic bone loss (RBL). Statistical analysis was accomplished with bivariate Pearson correlation test and chi-square test. The result was considered statistically significant when the p-value was  ≤ 0.05. 

Results: The mean PI, BOP, MR and RBL were significantly higher for those dental implants with < 2 mm keratinized mucosa compared to those with more than 2 mm WKM. While there was no significant relation between PPD and WKM, statistically significant association between WKM and PI, BOP and MR were found, whereas, no significant relations were detected between WKM and PPD and RBL.

Conclusions: A significant association between WKM and peri-implant tissue health was found. Dental implants with a sufficient WKM >2mm facilitate better oral hygiene measures and better peri-implant health. The augmentation of mucosal tissue for those dental implants with insufficient WKM can provide better prognosis and may extend the life expectancy of the implant.
Linguistic and mental representation of POWER concept in Ukrainian aphoristic  set
Authors:   State Higher Education Establishment “Kryvyi Rih National University”, Koloiz Zhanna
Published: July 2019

This article deals with the universal POWER concept and its linguistic and mental representation in the Ukrainian aphoristic set. The paper focuses on revealing the features of semantic content collision within the investigated concept and the conceptual system. This investigation demonstrates the new knowledge about the conceptualization and interpretation of the relevant concept. The semantic content of the studied concept is verbalized in the aphoristic set. It is presented through the prism of nuclear, circumnuclear and peripheral elements. The author also describes a number of techniques used to achieve certain stylistic effects.
Seismicity of the Arctic in the Early Twentieth Century: Relocation of the 1904–1920 Earthquakes
Authors: Morozov Alexey N. , Vaganova Natalya V. , Shakhova Evgeniya V. , Konechnaya Yana V. , Asming Vladimir E. , Antonovskaya Galina N. , Evtyugina Zinaida A.
Published: July 2019

The parameters of earthquake hypocenters in the Arctic at the beginning of the twentieth century, published by researchers in the first half of the twentieth century, are still used today for building maps of epicenters of instrumental earthquakes. However, they are based on bulletins that did not use data from all seismic stations operating during that period, and on approximate ideas about the propagation of seismic waves in the Earth. We relocated earthquakes recorded within the Arctic region beginning from the early twentieth century with a view to creating a relocated catalog. For the relocation, we collected all available seismic bulletins from the global network using data acquired for the International Seismological Centre–Global Earthquake Model (ISC-GEM) catalog, the EuroSeismos project, the Geophysical Survey of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Russian State Library. The relocation was performed using a modified method of generalized beamforming and the ak135 velocity model. The relocation procedure was applied to 18 of 25 earthquakes in the Arctic region. The new coordinates of some earthquakes turned out to be significantly different from those that were determined previously. As a result, this may have a significant impact on the final seismic hazard assessment of the territory of the Severnaya Zemlya and Franz Josef Land archipelagoes, which are characterized by weak seismicity. Most of the relocated earthquake epicenters are confined to major seismic zones in the Arctic, namely, mid-ocean ridges, the Svalbard Archipelago, and the Laptev Sea shelf. One earthquake, that of 14 October 1914 with magnitude Mw(ISC-GEM)=6.6, occurred in the shelf of the Barents Sea in the “continent–ocean” transition zone near the Franz Victoria graben.
Erratum to A Waveform Detector that Targets Template‐Decorrelated Signals and Achieves Its Predicted Performance, Part I: Demonstration with IMS Data
Authors: Carmichael Joshua D.
Published: July 2019

We correct typographical and graphical errors in the presentation of certain statistics that quantify the performance of the cone detector that was introduced in 2016.
Hubungan kadar asam urat dengan fungsi kognitif pada lansia
Authors: Miranda Atikah Ayu , Alvina Alvina
Published: July 2019

LATAR BELAKANG

Gangguan kognitif adalah gangguan dari kemampuan kognitif yang meliputi atensi, kalkulasi, visuospasial, bahasa, memori dan eksekutif yang dapat dijumpai akibat proses degeneratif (penuaan). Asam urat merupakan produk akhir metabolisme purin yang juga disebut sebagai penyumbang antioksidan plasma sehingga dapat mengurangi stres oksidatif dan melindungi dari radikal bebas yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan pada fungsi kognitif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar asam urat darah dengan fungsi kognitif.

METODE

Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional analitik dengan desain cross sectional yang mengikutsertakan 95 lansia di Posbindu Kelurahan Tomang Jakarta Barat. Kriteria inklusi adalah pria dan wanita usia 60-90 tahun, kesadaran kompos mentis, dan dapat berkomunikasi dengan baik. Kriteria eksklusi adalah terdapat riwayat trauma kepala, stroke, tumor otak, kejang, meningitis serta mengonsumsi obat yang dapat meningkatkan atau menurunkan kadar asam urat darah (allopurinol), probenesid. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Agustus - Oktober 2018. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner, pengukuran kadar asam urat dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat easy touch blood uric acid test strips, sedangkan pemeriksaan fungsi kognitif dilakukan dengan kuesioner mini mental state examination (MMSE). Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-square dengan tingkat kemaknaan p<0.05. 

HASIL

Mayoritas responden adalah perempuan dengan rentang usia 60-74 tahun. Terdapat hubungan kadar asam urat dengan fungsi kognitif pada lansia (p=0.000). Selain itu juga diperlihatkan bahwa lansia yang memiliki kadar asam urat yang meningkat memiliki fungsi kognitif yang lebih baik.

KESIMPULAN

Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kadar asam urat dengan fungsi kognitif pada lansia.
BORSA İSTANBUL’DA “SELL IN MAY AND GO AWAY” ETKİSİ İLE OCAK AYI ETKİSİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI: BIST 100 ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: TEKİN Bilgehan
Published: July 2019

Etkin piyasalar hipotezine göre piyasa
aktörlerinin rasyonel işlemleri beraberinde finansal piyasalarda rasyonel fiyat
hareketlerini getirmektedir. Bu varsayım aynı zamanda, yatırımcıların anormal
getiri elde ederek piyasayı yenemeyeceklerini ifade etmektedir. Geleneksel finans
teorilerinin iki temel paradigması olan rasyonellik ve beklenen fayda teorilerini
irdeleyen çalışmalar ile bireylerin varsayıldığı gibi tam rasyonel olmadıkları görülmüştür.
Yatırımcıların piyasalarda gerçekleştirdikleri işlemler sonucu piyasa
anomalilerinin ortaya çıktığı belgelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada davranışsal finans
alanında takvimsel veya mevsimsel anomaliler başlıkları altında ve özellikle
uluslararası literatürde yer alan ve “Sell in May and Go Away” şeklinde ifade
edilen “Mayıs Ayı Satış Etkisi” ile Ocak Ayı Etkisinin Borsa İstanbul’da geçerli
olup olmadıkları ve gözlenmeye devam edip etmedikleri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada
daha önce yapılan çalışmaların yöntemlerinden yararlanılmış ve BIST 100 endeksi
1990-2017 yılları arası aylık verileri kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda Borsa
İstanbul’da ocak ayı getirilerinin diğer aylardan belirgin bir şekilde
farklılaşmadığı buna karşın mayıs ayı satış etkisinin geçerli olduğu
görülmüştür.
ON DIMENSION REDUCTIONS IN DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS WITH AN ILLUSTRATIVE APPLICATION TO TURKISH BANKING SECTOR PERFORMANCE
Authors: DAVER Gizay , KÜÇÜKKOCAOĞLU Güray
Published: July 2019

In this study we tested the Turkish Banking Sector
Performance development and the usage of various methodologies. For this
purpose we used several data envelopment analysis(DEA) performance measurement
systematics from 2002.12 to 2017.06. Proposed DEA models include dimension
reduction techniques. The first one is principal component analysis which is
abbreviated as PCA and the second one is correlation based DEA model
construction. We investigated performance change over time and found that banks
in Turkish Banking Sector should take steps now for maintaining their improved
performances. Policies implemented after the 2001 crisis had positive effects
during the 2008 crisis period in the Turkish banking sector, but gains should
be sustained. We also found that our main model which uses four input and four
output factors yields similar results with the investigated dimension reduction
technique approaches.
KREDİ TEMERRÜT SWAP SPREADLERİ VE KREDİ DERECELENDİRME DUYURULARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: GELİŞMEKTE OLAN ÜLKELER KAPSAMINDA BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: GÖK İbrahim Yaşar , ARSLAN Zühal
Published: July 2019

Bu çalışmada, kredi temerrüt swap (CDS)
spreadlerinin kredi derecelendirme duyurularına tepkisi, aralarında Türkiye,
Çin, Güney Afrika, Brezilya ve Rusya’nın yer aldığı bazı gelişmekte olan
ülkeler kapsamında araştırılmıştır. Olay çalışması analizi uygulanarak ve 1
Haziran 2009 - 31 Mayıs 2018 dönemi için Moody’s, Fitch ve S&P’nin kredi
derecelendirme duyuruları ile 5-yıllık CDS spreadlerinin günlük verileri
kullanılarak, pozitif kredi derecelendirme olaylarının CDS spreadlerini anlamlı
bir şekilde azalttığı, negatif kredi derecelendirme olaylarının ise tam tersi
bir etkiyi doğurduğu bulunmuştur. Negatif olaylar CDS piyasaları tarafından
öngörülebilirken, bu durum pozitif olaylar için doğrulanamamıştır. Üstelik, CDS
spreadleri negatif kredi derecelendirme duyuruları sonrasında anlamlı bir
şekilde düşmeye başlamaktadır. Bununla birlikte, pozitif olayları takiben CDS
spreadlerinde anlamlı bir değişiklik tespit edilmemiştir. Genel olarak, kredi
derecelendirme olaylarının özellikle duyuru tarihi etrafında CDS piyasaları
için önemli bir bilgisel içerik teşkil ettiği sonucuna ulaşılmış ve hem negatif
hem de pozitif kredi derecelendirme olaylarının CDS spreadlerinin önemli
belirleyicileri olduğu açıklığa kavuşturulmuştur.
BULANIK EDAS YÖNTEMİ İLE AR-GE PROJESİ SEÇİMİ
Authors: KAS BAYRAKDAROĞLU Figen , KUNDAKCI Nilsen
Published: July 2019

Günümüzde, Ar-Ge projesi seçimi
firmaların rekabet ortamında sürdürülebilir bir ilerleme sağlayabilmeleri için
oldukça önemlidir. Ar-Ge projesi seçim problemi bir çok nitel ve nicel kriter
altında çok sayıda proje alternatifi ile çok sayıda karar verici içerdiğinden
oldukça karmaşık bir problemdir. Çalışmanın amacı bu karmaşık probleme Çok
Kriterli Karar Verme (ÇKKV) yöntemlerinden biri olan EDAS yöntemi ile çözüm
getirmektir. Ayrıca problemin çok sayıda belirsizlik içermesi, alternatif ve
kriterlerin kesin ifadelerle değerlendirilmesinde zorluk yaşanması nedeniyle
önerilen yöntem bulanık mantık teorisi ile birlikte ele alınmıştır. Uygulamada
üç karar verici tarafından beş Ar-Ge proje alternatifi kriterler altında sözel
değişkenlerle değerlendirilerek en uygun proje belirlenmiştir.
DOĞRUSAL PROGRAMLAMA ARACILIĞIYLA DEĞİŞKEN MALİYET SİSTEMİNİN VE SÜREÇ KATKI MUHASEBESİNİN ÜRETİM KARARLARINA VE KARLILIĞA ETKİSİNİN BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: KEFE İrem
Published: July 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı üretim maliyetlerinin
belirlenmesinde süreç katkı muhasebesi ile değişken maliyet sistemlerine göre
yapılan hesaplamalar arasında bir farklılık olup olmayacağını tespit edebilmek
ve süreç katkı muhasebesi ve değişken maliyet sistemi çerçevesinde tespit
edilen ürün maliyeti bilgisinin ürünlerin üretim önceliği kararlarında etkili
olup olmadığının incelenmesidir. Bu amaçla Kısıtlar Teorisi kapsamında süreç
katkı muhasebesi (throughput accounting) ve değişken maliyet sistemlerine
ilişkin literatür taraması yapılmış olup sistemlerin işleyiş yöntemleri bir
örnek üzerinden MS Office Excelde doğrusal programlama aracılığıyla
incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda sistemler arasında ürün maliyeti bilgisinin
değişiklik gösterdiği ve bu maliyet bilgilerine göre verilen farklı üretim
kararlarının işletmenin karlılığını etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Doğrusal
programlama ile yapılan analize göre işletme için en karlı durumun değişken
maliyet sistemine uygun olan üretim kararı sonucunda oluştuğu görülmüştür.
Çalışmanın, ürün maliyeti bilgisinin üretim kararları üzerindeki etkisi ve bu
maliyet bilgilerinin kullanılan yönteme göre gösterdiği değişikliği açıklaması
bakımından literatüre katkıda bulunacağı düşünülmektedir.
HAVA ARACI LEASİNG ŞİRKETLERİNİN PERFORMANS ANALİZİ: ENTROPİ TEMELLİ TOPSİS UYGULAMASI
Authors: KİRACI Kasım , ASKER Veysi
Published: July 2019

Havayolu taşımacılığı sektörü, duran varlık oranının oldukça yüksek olduğu sektörlerin başında gelmektedir. Havayolu şirketleri bu önemli maliyet kalemine daha az bütçe ayıormak amacıyla son dönemlerde yeri yön-temler geliştirmiştir. Havayolu şirketlerince en çok kullanılan yöntemlerden biri de havaaraçlarının satın alın-mak yerine kiralanmasıdır. Bu durum havaaracı leasing şirketlerinin, hava taşımacılığı sektöründe önemli bir aktör haline gelmesine neden olmuştur. Dolayısıyla hava taşımacılığı sektörünce giderek önemli hale gelen havaaracı leasing şirketlerinin mevcut durumunun irdelenmesi ve finansal performansının analiz edilmesi önem kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı havaaracı leasing şirketlerinin finansal performansının ampirik olarak incelenmesidir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda 2013-2017 döneminde finansal verilerine eksiksiz ulaşılabilen 5 hava-aracı leasing firması ampirik olarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada yöntem olarak Entropi temelli TOPSIS yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın bulguları, 2013-2014 döneminde CAPITAL LEASE firmasının iyi performans gösterdi-ğini ancak 2015-2017 yılları arasında en iyi performansa sahip havaaracı leasing firmasının AIR LEASE olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.
Anticonvulsant activity of Adhatoda vasica leaves by pentylenetetrazol model: preliminary evaluation in rats
Authors: A. Sumitha , R. Dhanasekaran , A. Prathiba , M. Geetha
Published: July 2019

Background: Epilepsy is a disorder characterised by recurrent seizures of cerebral origin with episodes of sensory, motor phenomenon with or without loss of consciousness. The present study was taken up to evaluate the anticonvulsant effect of aqueous extract of leaves of Adhatoda vasica in rats. Objectives of this study is to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica leaves on Pentylenetetrazol induced seizures in albino rats and to compare the effect of aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica leaves with standard dose of sodium valproate on Pentylenetetrazol induced seizures in albino rats.Methods: Anticonvulsant activity of aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica was analysed using PTZ (Pentylenetetrazol) model. Groups used were distilled water as control group, Sodium valproate as standard for Pentylenetetrazol and two doses of aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica (100mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) for this screening model. Parameters observed for PTZ models were abolition of clonic seizures and time duration between injection of PTZ and onset of seizures.Results: In PTZ model, test group at 200 mg/kg showed 33.33% protection for abolition of clonic seizures, though not comparable to standard group. There was significant increase in the duration of onset of clonic seizures after PTZ injection in both test groups (at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) when compared to control group.Conclusions: Aqueous extract of leaves of Adhatoda vasica has shown significant anticonvulsant action in PTZ model.
Efficacy of pregabalin versus nortriptyline in the treatment of chronic low backache with radiculopathy: an open label observational study
Authors: T. Annapurna V. , Maity Nivedita , V. Ravikumar T.
Published: July 2019

Background: The efficacy and safety of Pregabalin and Nortriptyline have been proved individually in low backache with radicular pain. However, there are limited number of studies comparing the efficacy of Pregabalin and Nortriptyline in Chronic Low Backache (CLBA) with radicular pain. Hence the present study was designed to determine the efficacy as well as tolerability of Pregabalin in comparison with that of Nortriptyline for reduction of pain in CLBA. The present study was an open label prospective observational study.Methods: Patients with CLBA, 15-60 years of age without specific cause and significant neurological deficit were included in the study. Severity of pain was assessed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Patients were followed up at 2 and 4 weeks and their VAS scores and side effects were noted.Results: Both Pregabalin and Nortriptyline were effective in reducing pain, from baseline to 2 weeks and up to 4 weeks of treatment in chronic low backache with radicular pain, but there was no statistically significant difference between the two treatment groups. The incidences of side effects were less in the Nortriptyline treatment group as compared to Pregabalin.Conclusions: From the results of the present study it can be concluded that both Pregabalin and Nortriptyline were equally effective in the treatment of chronic low backache with radicular pain, but the incidence of adverse effects were more with Pregabalin as compared to Nortriptyline.
The assess of knowledge, attitude and practice of antibiotic stewardship among healthcare providers in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Kumar Akhilesh , Aggarwal Monica , Rathor Varsha
Published: July 2019

Background: Antibiotics are the most commonly used drugs often associated with inappropriate use leading to resistance. While knowledge enlightens and provides an insight into the problems faced, behavioral change solely depends on the beliefs and attitude. Aim of this study to evaluate the knowledge and beliefs about antimicrobial prescribing among prescribers in a teaching tertiary care hospitalMethods: The present study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology, ESIC   Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad. after  Ethical clearance from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Design of this study was a prospective, cross-sectional study carried out in the form of a survey in which a pretested, semi-structured, validated questionnaire of 30 questions was provided to Junior residents, Senior residents and Faculty of different specialties and response was recorded. Questionnaire comprises of 10 questions each in knowledge, attitude and practice section.Results: Out of 132 prescribers 86.5% believed that irrational practice will cause global resistant development. majority (92.3%) were expressing the need that sample culture should be sent before starting antibiotics but only 69.2 % were of the opinion that culture and sensitivity should be done in all infections and 92.3% were expressing the view that hospital antibiotics policy is useful in reducing AMR.Conclusions: The present survey on antibiotic usage gives useful information about the knowledge, attitudes and practices of prescribers and help plan suitable educational interventions that aim at improving the antimicrobial prescribing and minimizing the development of resistance.
Assessment of the degree of awareness among post-graduate medical physicians and Pharmacists about look-alike, sound-alike drug and potential medication errors
Authors: Munshi Renuka P. , Tople Ganesh D. , Munot Sonali R.
Published: July 2019

Background: With thousands of drugs currently in the market, the potential for medication errors due to confusing drug names amongst practising physicians, pharmacists and patients is significant. The existence of confusing drug names is one of the most common causes of medication error. There are many look-alikes, sound-alike (LASA) combinations that could potentially result in medication errors. There is insufficient data about medication errors due to LASA. Hence, we conducted the present study to determine the degree of awareness regarding LASA drugs among post graduate medical physicians and Pharmacists.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey, conducted among 137 year post graduate medical residents of a tertiary care teaching hospital and 121 local pharmacists in an urban metropolitan Indian city.Results: There were 34% resident doctors and 17% pharmacists were aware of concept of LASA drugs. Only 46% resident doctors and 22% pharmacists had knowledge about the full form of LASA. Among resident doctors, 39% came across prescription errors due to LASA drugs. Only 69% of the pharmacists agreed that they consulted their doctors when they faced problems due to prescription errors due to similar looking and similar sounding drugs.Conclusions: Look-Alike, Sound-Alike (LASA) drugs are common source of medication errors. Our study suggests that there is lack of awareness about LASA drugs amongst resident doctors and pharmacists, which may contribute to occurrence of medication errors. Therefore, combined efforts by prescribers, pharmacists, organizations, manufacturers and patients is required to overcome medication errors due to LASA drugs.
Comprehensive analysis of theory exam question papers of 2nd MBBS Pharmacology subject in Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka, India
Authors: Sai Nagaraja Prasad
Published: July 2019

Background: Assessment is the backbone of curriculum development and an important component of medical education. Written exams are frequently used in medical education and question papers are important instruments of assessment of medical education. The present study is summative question paper based analysis study where the content validity, level of cognition, cognitive domains, marks distribution and time weightage in theory question papers were analyzed.Methods: Retrospective analysis of II MBBS pharmacology question papers (n=18) of RGUHS, Bengaluru from the year 2010 to 2018 was done. The data was analyzed according to modified Blooms levels of taxonomy, cognitive domains, areas of importance and weightage given to different topics in Paper 1 and 2 in comparison to university syllabus and with regard to time allotted in university syllabus.Results: Analysis of question papers revealed that topics like GIT, respiratory system, uterine drugs, antiseptics and disinfectants, immunosuppressant were consistently underrepresented in question papers. Also, majority of questions (68.06%) did not have any verbs associated with Blooms level of taxonomy and hence did not meet criteria of standard question paper. Comparison of time allocation to weightage of topics in syllabus revealed no significant variations in percentage distribution.Conclusions: Assessment in medical education should not be used merely for classification, grading and certification rather it should become an instrument for promoting growth of knowledge. For this the university should frame standard blueprint for question paper setters and the question paper setters should follow those guidelines strictly and ensure that weightage given for different topics is maintained.
Effect of ethanolic extract of Vitex negundo leaves on experimentally induced inflammatory bowel disease in albino rats
Authors: Kaushik Shipra , Wardhan Harsh , Kaushik Shobhit , Verma Vikash
Published: July 2019

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) are collectively known as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Pathophysiology of IBD is not known with certainty. Immunological processes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been proposed to contribute considerably to development of tissue injury. Some of the intestinal and/or colonic injury and dysfunction observed in IBD is due to elaboration of these reactive species. Commonly used drugs, in particular sulfasalazine and its active moiety 5-aminosalicylic acid, are potent ROS scavengers. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of ethanolic extract of Vitex negundo (EEVN) leaves on experimentally induced inflammatory bowel disease in albino rats.Methods: The rats were divided into four groups of six animals each. Group A and group B received gum acacia per orally, group C received EEVN in dose of 500 mg/kg/day per orally, and group D received 5-amino salicylic acid (5-ASA) in the dose of 100 mg/kg/day per orally. All the animals were pre-treated with respective drugs (volume of drugs was kept constant at 10 ml/kg) for five days, along with the normal diet. On fifth day animals were kept fasting for 12 hours (overnight) and IBD was induced next morning in Groups B, C and D by administration of one ml of 4% acetic acid solution transrectally (TR). Group A (normal control) received 0.9% normal saline transrectally (TR) instead.Results: The results have been shown that EEVN has significant activity against experimentally induced IBD when compared to the experimental control, with near normalization of colon architecture both macroscopically as well as microscopically. Tissue oxidative stress was reduced with significant improvement in tissue levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Also, significant improvement in levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) was observed.Conclusions: It is concluded that ethanolic extract of leaves of Vitex negundo has got potent activity against experimentally induced IBD due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties.
Combined anticonvulsant effect of nifedipine and pentazocine in experimentally induced seizures in rats
Authors: Banjara Santosh K. , Namala Balakrishna , Ajumeera Rajanna
Published: July 2019

Background: Epilepsy is one of the common disorders of human with a prevalence of approximately 1% of the total population. Majority of seizures can be controlled with available antiepileptic drugs, about 20% of them still remain resistant to treatment. Recognizing this, there is a need to develop newer antiepileptic drugs with therapeutic potential. Present work is based upon the production of convulsions by maximal electroshock in rats. Evaluation of combined anticonvulsant effect of nifedipine and pentazocine on the duration of convulsion and duration of tonic hind limb extension and recovery in rats.Methods: The study was commenced after obtaining approval from IAEC, Department of Pharmacology, Osmania Medical College, Koti, Hyderabad. All the wistar rats were induced convulsions by Maximal Electro-Shock (MES) method and rats showing tonic hind limb extension response were randomised into four groups (six animals in each group). Group 1 received distilled water, group 2 treated with nifedipine 10mg/kg BW, group 3 treated with pentazocine 30mg/kg BW and group 4 treated with both nifedipine 10mg/kg BW and pentazocine 30mg/kg BW. Drug administered by intraperitoneal route. The data analysed using ANOVA and group means with LSD Post Hoc Test. p‐values <0.05 were considered as significant.Results: When nifedipine and pentazocine were combined, the mean duration of convulsions, tonic hind limb extension and recovery were significantly decreased compared to control, nifedipine and pentazocine.Conclusions: The results obtained in this study provide supporting pharmacological evidence of efficacy, possible potential benefit of combining nifedipine with pentazocine in epilepsy.
A prospective open labelled study of effect of vildagliptin with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: S. Lavakumar , S. Jesurun R.
Published: July 2019

Background: The pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by deficient insulin activity arising from decreased insulin secretion secondary to beta cell failure, and/or compromised insulin action in peripheral target tissues (insulin resistance).Methods: The patients attending the medicine outpatient department of tertiary care teaching hospital were enrolled in the study. Patients, who fulfilled the selection criteria, were allocated in two treatment groups. Group A was treated with metformin (Sustained release preparation) 500mg once daily and group B was treated with vildagliptin 50mg once daily. Measurement of body weight, fasting blood glucose (FPG), postprandial blood glucose (PPG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum urea, creatinine and urine albumin/creatinine ratio was performed at the initial visit and at the end of 12 weeks of treatment.Results: Out of 84 patients screened, 74 were enrolled for the study. Of the 74 patients, 39(52.7%) were male and 35(47.3%) were female. The patients were divided into two groups (group A and group B) consisting 37 patients in each group. Out of 74 patients, 62 completed the study. Out of 12 patients who did not complete the study, 5 patients were lost during follow-up period and 7 patients discontinued treatment due to AEs. The mean age of the patients was 51 and 49years in the groups A and B respectively. There was no statistical difference in the baseline FPG, PPG, HbA1c, serum urea, serum creatinine, urine ACR and body weight between two groups.Conclusions: The study shows that metformin and vildagliptin have similar effect on glycaemic control, but vildagliptin exerts better Reno protective effect and there were no reports of serious adverse events.
Evaluation of antidiabetic efficacy of Murraya koenigii on Streptozotocin induced diabetes in experimental rats
Authors: Suman Rajesh Kumar , Mohanty Ipseeta Ray , Borde Manjusha K. , Deshmukh Y. A. , Pathak Anurag , Adhikari Arun Kumar , Singh H. K.
Published: July 2019

Background: The medicinal plant Murraya koenigii shown to have a wide variety of pharmacological activities (hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic). Objective of this study is the present study was designed to evaluate Antidiabetic and Hypolipidemic property of Murraya koenigii in experimentally induced diabetes in rats.Methods: Experimental diabetes was produced with single dose of Streptozotocin (STZ): 45 mg/kg IP. The rats were randomly allocated in various groups for 37 days. After the confirmation of diabetes on 7th day (>200 mg/dl), hydroalcoholic extract of Murraya koenigii (500 mg/kg) was administered orally to experimental rats from day 7th day and continued for 37 days thereafter. Various antidiabetic (Glucose, HbA1C), metabolic (Lipid profile), safety (pancreatic lipase, Creatinine, SGPT, Histopathology of Liver and Kidney) were evaluated in various group.Results: Efficacy of Murraya koenigii was observed on various parameter of diabetes. Administration of STZ resulted in a significant decrease in diabetic changes (increase in blood glucose, HbA1C), altered lipid profile (p<0.01) in the Control group rats as compared to sham group. Murraya koenigii treatment demonstrated significant antidiabetic indicated by restoration of blood glucose, HbA1C level (p<0.01) compared to Control group. In addition, Murraya koenigii also documented hypolipidemic property of test drug. As per biochemical assessment of Pancreatic lipase, Serum creatinine, SGPT and Histopathological report, the test drug reduce the pancreatic, liver and renal marker and also showed safe to pancreas, Liver and kidney. The histopathological assessment of the liver and kidney confirmed the biochemical findings.Conclusions: The study concluded that the Murraya koenigii possess antidiabetic efficacy.
A study of the cost analysis of various oral antihypertensive drugs available in Indian market
Authors: Arya Neelesh , Agrawal Shweta , Agrawal Mehul
Published: July 2019

Background: Hypertension is a serious global public health problem. It accounts for 10% of all deaths in India and is the leading non-communicable disease. Recent studies have shown that the prevalence of hypertension is 25% in urban and 10% in rural people in India. It exerts a substantial public health burden on cardiovascular health status and health care systems in India. Antihypertensive treatment effectively reduces hypertension related morbidity and mortality. The cost of medications has always been a barrier to effective treatment. The increasing prevalence of hypertension requires use of cost effective treatment for the effective management of the disease.Methods: Cost of a particular drug (cost per 10 tablets) in the same strength and dosage forms being manufactured by different companies was obtained from Current Index of Medical Specialties, Jan‑April 2019 and “Indian Drug Review” (IDR) September 2018. Difference between the maximum and minimum cost of the same drug manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies was calculated and percentage cost variation was calculated.Results: The prices of a total of 24 drugs (15 single and 9 combination preparations), available in 59 different formulations were analysed. These 62 formulations are manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies.Conclusions: The average percentage price variation of different brands of the same oral antihypertensive drug manufactured in India is very wide. The appraisal and management of marketing drugs should be directed toward maximizing the benefits of therapy and minimizing negative personal and economic consequences.
Wychodzenie kobiety z cienia jednej roli – zmiany i ograniczenia
Authors: Kwak Anna
Published: July 2019

Wychodzenie kobiet z tradycyjnej roli prowadzi do budowania nowej tożsamości, opartej na wyborach dotyczących życia prywatnego i zawodowego. Łączy się jednak z doświadczaniem pułapek i ograniczeń. Do nich należy między innymi nakładanie się ról, zmiana znaczenia małżeństwa, rynek pracy, konflikt między rolami. Zmiany nie prowadzą do zastąpienia jednego modelu innym, lecz wprowadzają różnorodność. Przynosi je, jak mówi Ulrich Beck – „niedokoń­czony proces indywidualizacji kobiet”, czy zdaniem Kathleen Gerson – „niedokończona rewolucja nowego pokolenia w zakresie kształtowania rodziny, pracy, płci”. ale też preferencje samych kobiet, na co zwraca uwagę Catherine Hakim.
Odwołania do świata zwierząt w bułgarskich nazwach roślin zielnych
Authors: Walczak-Mikołajczakowa Mariola
Published: July 2019

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Słowiański kompleks Europy? Wzajemne relacje między Bułgarami a Zachodem
Authors: Moroz-Grzelak Lilla
Published: July 2019

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Oczami dziecka, czyli porównanie szaty graficznej we współczesnych elementarzach (polskim i bułgarskim) dla pierwszoklasistów
Authors: Fąfara Justyna
Published: July 2019

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Current aspects of socio-cultural communication
Authors: Nikolova Nadezhda
Published: July 2019

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IDENTIFIKASI TINGKAT PEMAHAMAN KONSEP KIMIA DASAR II DI JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN KIMIA UIN RADEN FATAH PALEMBANG TAHUN AJARAN 2016/2017
Authors: - Suprayetno , Haryati Sri
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pemahaman konsep mahasiswa yang mengambil mata kuliah kimia dasar II pada materi koloid, polimer, senyawa organik, lemak dan minyak, dan karbohidrat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Prodi Pendidikan Kimia Kelas B sebanyak 30 mahasiswa. Instrumen penelitian berupa tes pilihan ganda. Hasil tes pemahaman konsep menunjukkan bahwa Tingkat pemahaman mahasiswa dalam memahami konsep koloid, lemak dan minyak dan polimer adalah kurang (50, 46.67, 51.11), sedangkan tingkat pemahaman dalam materi senyawa organik dan karbohidrat adalah sangat kurang (36, 26.62)