bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perfil demográfico y clínico de pacientes con atrofia muscular espinal: serie de 31 pacientes
Authors: Urrutia Osorio Marta Eugenia , Ruiz García Matilde
Published: March 2020

ANTECEDENTES: La atrofia muscular espinal es la principal causa de muerte por enfermedad genética en lactantes. Es un trastorno degenerativo de las neuronas del asta anterior de la médula espinal. Según la edad de presentación se clasifica en 5 tipos. Las manifestaciones clínicas son: debilidad, hipotonía, atrofia muscular y retraso psicomotor. OBJETIVO: Conocer las características clínicas de pacientes mexicanos con atrofia muscular espinal (AME) que permitan el reconocimiento oportuno de la patología y el inicio de medidas terapéuticas. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo, retrolectivo, observacional y descriptivo al que se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico clínico y/o molecular de atrofia muscular espinal.RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 31 pacientes, 15 de ellos con atrofia muscular espinal I, 13 con AME II y 3 con AME III. Todos los pacientes iniciaron con debilidad muscular, hipotonía y retraso del desarrollo psicomotor. El diagnóstico se estableció a una edad promedio de 30.81 meses, mediana de 23, mínima 2 y máxima 108 meses. Se estableció el diagnóstico genético en 23 de los 31 pacientes. Los de la clasificación AME I fallecieron.CONCLUSIONES: La AME I es el tipo más frecuente. La debilidad severa y las infecciones de las vías respiratorias son los motivos de consulta más comunes. Las manifestaciones clínicas de la AME III son de inicio más tardío y son ortopédicas que generan discapacidad. Existe retraso en el diagnóstico de esta enfermedad y limitaciones importantes en México para el tratamiento y aplicación de la terapia modificadora, lo que limita la calidad de vida y pronóstico de los pacientes.
Nueva estrategia para identificar grupos de alimentos capaces de asociarse con la estatura
Authors: Pardío López Jeanette , Rodríguez Greenawalt Sydney , Loria Alvar , Pedraza Vargas Elizabeth , Lombardo Aburto Esther , Monroy Villafuerte Adriana , Valderrama Hernández Alejandro
Published: March 2020

OBJETIVO: Validar una nueva estrategia para identificar grupos de alimentos capaces de asociarse con la estatura. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal, observacional, analítico y exploratorio. Se obtuvo información de la alimentación de 24 horas previas, longitud y estatura para la edad y sexo de los niños sanos de 4.0 a 12.7 meses. La proporción que cada uno de los 7 grupos de alimentos tuvo en el consumo total se usó como variable independiente versus la longitud y estatura para edad y sexo como variable dependiente en modelos de regresión múltiple de tres grupos de edad (1 = 4-6, 2 = 7-9, 3 = 10-12 meses).RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 185 niños; el grupo de edad de 7 a 9 meses mostró asociación significativa con el grupo de carne: la estatura aumentó con mayor consumo de ésta. En el grupo de edad de 10 a 12 meses el grupo seno tuvo un coeficiente negativo: estatura menor con mayor proporción de consumo de leche humana.CONCLUSIONES: El método aquí descrito permitió identificar grupos de alimentos capaces de alcanzar asociación significativa con el crecimiento en estatura, en grupos pequeños de 47 a 77 niños. Esta estrategia debe ampliarse a una muestra mayor de niños y otras edades para conocer mejor la posible aplicabilidad clínica del método propuesto.
Glomerulonefritis antimembrana basal glomerular postrasplante renal en una adolescente con síndrome de Alport. Informe de caso
Authors: Calderón Mendieta Francisco José Arturo , García de la Puente Silvestre , Razo Paredes Nelly Gabriela , Macías Díaz Dulce María , Burciaga Verduzco Michelle Alejandra
Published: March 2020

ANTECEDENTES: La glomerulonefritis antimembrana basal glomerular en el paciente trasplantado de riñón con síndrome de Alport es realmente excepcional. La mayoría de quienes lo padecen son hombres, en el primer año del postrasplante.CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente femenina de 19 años, con diagnóstico histopatológico de síndrome de Alport a los 13 años, trasplantada a los 18 años. Tuvo un cuadro de disfunción súbita del injerto a los 20 meses después del trasplante. La disfunción renal fue resistente al tratamiento y tuvo pérdida del injerto a las 8 semanas. En la biopsia renal se diagnosticó: glomerulonefritis antimembrana basal glomerular.CONCLUSIONES: La glomerulonefritis antimembrana basal glomerular es poco frecuente en el paciente trasplantado con síndrome de Alport; aun así, debe considerarse una opción diagnóstica ante la falla del tratamiento habitual. La generación de nuevas medidas terapéuticas efectivas, por el riesgo elevado de pérdida del injerto, es por demás importante.
Museus e espaços de memória – representações do Brasil a partir da Guerra do Paraguai
Authors: Hoiça Jaqueline De Jesus , Guedes Sandra Paschoal Leite de Camargo
Published: March 2020

Este artigo tem como propósito apresentar as análises e resultados obtidos a partir do desenvolvimento de duas pesquisas cujo objetivo em comum foi conhecer, a partir da temática da Guerra do Paraguai, como o Brasil e os brasileiros estão sendo representados em museus e espaços de memória no Paraguai e no Uruguai. A partir da perspectiva teórica de Serge Moscovici, da Teoria das Representações Sociais, foram analisadas as seguintes instituições escolhidas para os estudos: o Panteão Nacional dos Heróis e o Instituto de História e Museu Militar, localizados na cidade de Assunção, no Paraguai, e o Museu Histórico Nacional do Uruguai e o Museu Histórico Cabildo de Montevideo, ambos situados na capital uruguaia. A metodologia utilizada foi a de análise de conteúdo, tanto das exposições através de visitas de campo quanto das informações e dados coletados, aliados a uma revisão da literatura sobre o tema. Dos resultados encontrados, destaca-se no Paraguai uma representação social muito forte de valorização e enaltecimento dos heróis que lutaram e deram a vida pela pátria durante o conflito. Já no Uruguai, constatou-se que a Guerra é entendida como um episódio da história do país cuja representação social é marcada por certa negatividade e arrependimento pela participação no conflito. Em um paralelo comum, destaca-se em ambos os países uma culpabilização do Brasil pelos acontecimentos, observada especialmente nas entrelinhas e ausências dos discursos nos quais as representações sociais se manifestam.
Faktor-faktor Blaming the Victim (Menyalahkan Korban) di Wilayah Praktik Kerja Sosial
Authors: Alfi Imam , Halwati Umi
Published: March 2020

Perilaku Blaming The Victim (Menyalahkan Korban) secara psikologi memberikan pengaruh terhadap klien. Akibatnya kekerasan yang dialaminya mejadi ganda. Korban kekerasan sekaligus penyalahan korban itu sendiri. Kasus serupa sering terjadi disekitar kita. Masyarakat dengan mudah dan tanpa disadari telah melakukan kekerasan kedua melalui Blaming The Victim. Penelitian adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan dan memahami kerangka teoritis serta faktor-faktor terjadinya Blaming The Victim Data diperoleh dari buku-buku, dokumen dan jurnal serta penelitian lain yang berkaitan dengan objek penelitian. Analisis menggunakan analisi content artinya setelah data peroleh maka dilakukan verifikasi dan disajikan secara sistimatis. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Blaming The Victim adalah tindakan untuk mencari pembenaran yang digunakan untuk menyudutkan/menyalahkan korban. Faktor terjadinya Blaming The Victim terdiri atas factor institusional, Faktor Situasi dan Faktor Individu. Tindakan Blaming The Victim dapat terjadi melaui verbal, non verbal dan media sosial.
Cálculo de la incertidumbre en la determinación de plaguicidas organoclorados y triazoles en café verde por gc-ms
Authors: Arias Hugo Fernando , Arrubla Juan Pablo , Giraldo Ana Isabel
Published: March 2020

En el presente trabajo se describe la implementación de una metodología multirresiduo para la determinación de plaguicidas organoclorados y triazoles en café verde. Los plaguicidas se extrajeron con una mezcla de acetronitrilo-agua (5:2), seguida de una partición líquido-líquido y una extracción en fase sólida con fase reversa RP18. Los extractos se limpiaron posteriormente por extracción en fase sólida con cartuchos de carbón activado-NH2 para eliminar interferencias. La determinación analítica se realizó por cromatografía de gases con inyección splitless acoplada a espectrometría de masas. Se obtuvieron porcentajes de recuperación, por encima del 70%.  Se evaluó la precisión instrumental y la linealidad en un rango de concentraciones inferior a los límites máximos de residualidad de cada plaguicida.  Finalmente se estimó la incertidumbre de las mediciones y se obtuvo que todas las incertidumbres estuvieron por debajo del 15% al igual que los porcentajes de error en las concentraciones medidas.
Evaluación termodinámica de variables críticas en la Estabilidad de la panela de caña de azúcar
Authors: Bolaños-Cardona Lina Constanza , Briñez-Javela Ingrid Alejandra , Ramírez-Navas Juan Sebastian
Published: March 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la vida útil de la panela evaluando variables críticas de estabilidad. Para tal fin, se almacenaron tres presentaciones comerciales de panela (granulada, cuadrada y redonda), durante 129 días en cámaras bioclimáticas de dos ambientes de almacenamiento (ambiente: 30±2°C/75±5%HR y acelerado: 40±2°C/75±5%HR). Se evaluaron los parámetros de humedad, azúcares totales y actividad acuosa en las muestras previamente homogenizadas a los tiempos 0, 27, 35, 55, 76 y 129 días. Debido al incremento de la actividad acuosa y ganancia de humedad se evidenció cambio en la calidad del producto, variación del color y la textura, con señales de reblandecimiento (panela cuadrada y redonda) y aglutinación (panela granulada). Con los resultados obtenidos se predice que almacenando a 25oC los tiempos de vida útil para las muestras son: 398 días para panela redonda 164 días para panela cuadrada y 206 días para panela granulada.
Composición química del aceite esencial de flores De Salvia leucantha Cav. (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Castrillon Cardona William Fernando , Matulevich Pelaez Javier Andrés , Rodríguez Martínez Jefferson Alberto , Silva Carrero Diego Alejandro
Published: March 2020

El aceite esencial (AE), de flores de Salvia leucantha Cav, se obtuvo mediante destilación por arrastre con vapor como método de extracción, con un rendimiento del 0.16%. Para la determinación de la composición del AE de S. leucantha Cav se utilizó un cromatógrafo de gases, acoplado a un espectrómetro de masas (GC-MS) Shimadzu qp-2010 plus; los resultados se compararon con la base de datos Nits-08 y los índices de retención (IR) reportados en la literatura. Se estableció la presencia de monoterpenos (M) como acetato de bornilo (9.8%), α-pineno (4.4%), delta d-canfeno (3.3%), β-pineno (2.4%), sesquiterpenos (s) como cariofileno (10.0%), β-farneseno (10.7%), germacreno D (10.6%) y aristoleno (17.2%). Se resalta este último como componente mayoritario presente en el ae de las flores de S. leucantha; además, se identificaron dos hidrocarburos de cadena alifática denominados “octadecano” y “eicosano”.
Diagnóstico y tratamiento de la corioamnionitis clínica
Authors: Espitia-De La Hoz Franklin J.
Published: March 2020

Objetivo: el objetivo del presente trabajo es revisar algunos aspectos del diagnóstico y tratamiento de la corioamnionitis.Materiales y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en diferentes bases de datos electrónicas para identificar literatura relevante: Pubmed, Ovid, Elsevier, Interscience, Medline, EBSCO, Scopus, SciELO (1980 al 2008) y Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group (marzo 31 del 2008) y libros de texto impresos, tratando de encontrar la mejor evidencia respecto al diagnóstico y tratamiento de la corioamnionitis.Resultados: la corioamnionitis es un síndrome que puede afectar, tanto a la madre como al feto, y que debido a sus potenciales repercusiones en el binomio madre-feto, requiere de un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno.Conclusión: la sospecha clínica de corioamnionitis es una condición catastrófica del bienestar fetal, que puede desencadenar un parto pretérmino o que potencialmente puede obligar a la inducción del parto con un feto prematuro.
Colposuspensión laparoscópica lateral de Dubuisson: alternativa para la corrección del prolapso apical cuando hay contraindicación para fijar al sacro. Reporte de tres casos
Authors: De Los Ríos José F. , González Pablo A.
Published: March 2020

Objetivo: describir la técnica y los resultados a corto plazo de los primeros casos en Colombia sobre la utilización de la técnica de colposuspensión laparoscópica lateral de Dubuisson, como una alternativa para el tratamiento del prolapso apical en pacientes con contraindicación para colposacropexia. Éstos fueron realizados en la Unidad de Cirugía Endoscópica Ginecológica, Clínica del Prado, Medellín, Colombia.Metodología: reporte de tres casos.Resultados: edad promedio: 59 años (48-72). Tiempo quirúrgico: 160 minutos (120-180), pérdida sanguínea: 66 cc (50-100). No hubo complicaciones intraoperatorias. En el seguimiento promedio durante 6 meses no hay recidivas ni signos de disfunción urinaria, defecatoria o sexual. No hay casos de incontinencia urinaria postoperatoria. Las pacientes están satisfechas con la intervención realizada.Conclusiones: la colposuspensión laparoscópica lateral de Dubuisson es una alternativa viable en nuestro medio para el tratamiento de pacientes con prolapso apical y contraindicación para suspensión al sacro.
Estudio de correlaciones cuánticas de qubits en cavidades remotas: procesos bifotónicos vs unifótonicos en cada cavidad
Authors: Gonzalez Sibaja Francisco Javier , Eremeev Vitalie , Villamil Pablo
Published: March 2020

En este trabajo se estudian las correlaciones cuánticas, entrelazamiento y discordia, de dos qubits ubicados cada uno en su respectiva cavidad, las cuales interactúan con un reservorio común. Cada qubit interactúa con su respectiva cavidad mediante la emisión/absorción de dos fotones correlacionados (bi-fotón). Inicialmente, los átomos se  consideran en un estado tipo Bell diagonal y las cavidades en estado vacío. Se calcula la evolución de las correlaciones y, para el modelo con interacciones bifotónicas sin pérdidas de fotones a través de la cavidad, se encuentra el efecto de congelamiento de las correlaciones. Cuando hay pérdidas unifotónicas o  bifotónicas hacia el reservorio se evidencia un decaimiento de las correlaciones. Se nota que los qubits se encuentran entrelazados en un lapso de tiempo  más largo cuando se considera interacciones y pérdidas bifotónicas.
Una propuesta de orientaciones pedagógicas desde la filosofía de Nuestramérica para la enseñanza de la filosofía en Colombia
Authors: Carmona-Cardona Andrés , Paredes Oviedo Diana Melisa
Published: March 2020

La enseñanza de la filosofía en el nivel de educación media en Colombia ha estado marcada por profundas transformaciones a partir de la década de 1990. Su orientación ha sido hacia un marcado tratamiento de la filosofía occidental desde una perspectiva histórico-lineal como único relato, a su apropiación ya sea por campos como la ontología, cosmología o epistemología o por preguntas de estética, ética y epistemología, y a la adopción de un enfoque  de educación por competencias básicas y específicas como líneas fuertes en el proceso de formación de los estudiantes colombianos que, paulatinamente, han ido desdibujando la especificidad de lo filosófico y encaminando los procesos formativos en esta área hacia la formación en lectura crítica. Este trabajo apunta, en primer lugar, a una revisión de esos cambios y, en segundo lugar, a la presentación de una propuesta de Orientaciones Pedagógicas para la Enseñanza de la Filosofía desde la filosofía de Nuestramérica que recoge una perspectiva decolonial y crítica de la formación como alternativas a la necesidad de una formación filosófica situada, junto con la ampliación del concepto de competencias desde la perspectiva del desarrollo humano.
Identifikasi Aktinomiset Selulolitik dan Xilanolitik Indigenous
Authors: Utarti Esti , Suwanto Antonius , Suhartono Maggy T , Meryandini Anja
Published: March 2020

Lignoselulosa merupakan penyusun utama dinding sel tumbuhan, sehingga keberadaannya berlimpah di alam. Aktinomiset indigenous yang memiliki aktivitas selulolitik dan xilanolitik ekstraseluler berpeluang sebagai agens biokonversi limbah berlignoselulosa menjadi produk bermanfaat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan aktinomiset potensial yang memiliki aktivitas selulolitik dan xilanolitik. Penelitian ini diawali dari isolasi dan pemurnian aktinomiset indigenous asal lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit dan Taman Nasional Bukit Duabelas Jambi.Tahapan selanjutnya adalah penapisan aktivitas selulolitik dan xilanolitik dari aktinomiset, uji pertumbuhan aktinomiset pada mikrokristalin selulosa, dan identifikasi aktinomiset potensial berdasarkan karakter morfologi, fisiologi dan biokimia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktinomiset isolat S2 yang diisolasi dari lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit mempunyai aktivitas selulolitik dan xilanolitik lebih baik dari keempat isolat lain. Aktinomiset isolat S2 juga mampu tumbuh secara lebih baik pada mikrokristalin selulosa. Aktivitas selulolitik, xilanolitik dan kemampuan tumbuh pada mikrokristalin selulosa dari aktinomiset isolat S2 menunjukkan potensinya sebagai agens pendegradasi material belignoselulosa. Berdasarkan identifikasi morfologi, fisiologi dan biokimia, aktinomiset isolat S2 tergolong dalam genus Streptomyces.
Efektivitas Tanaman Lembang (Typha angustifolia L.) di Lahan Basah Buatan dalam Penurunan Kadar TSS, BOD dan Fosfat pada Air Limbah Industri Laundry
Authors: Wimbaningrum Retno , Arianti Indriana , Sulistiyowati Hari
Published: March 2020

Industri laundry merupakan industri rumah tangga yang menggunakan air dan deterjen dalam melaksanakan aktivitasnya. Deterjen mengandung surfaktan, builder, filler dan zat aditif yang menyebabkan kadar materi padat tersuspensi total (total suspended solid, TSS), kebutuhan oksigen biologi (biological oxygen demand, BOD) dan fosfat dalam air limbah laundry tinggi sehingga ketika dibuang langsung ke lingkungan dapat menimbulkan pencemaran ekosistem perairan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan efektivitas tanaman lembang (Typha angustifolia L.) di lahan basah buatan dalam penurunan kadar TSS, BOD dan fosfat air limbah industri laundry. Tanaman T. angustifolia ditanam di dalam bak reaktor bervolume 44,73 L yang dasarnya diisi pasir, kerikil dan lempung sebagai media tanam. Air limbah industri laundry dialirkan ke dalam bak reaktor melalui inlet. Proses fitoremediasi berlangsung enam hari. TSS, BOD, dan fosfat air limbah laundry sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan ditentukan kadar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengolahan air limbah laundry dengan tanaman T. angustifolia dalam lahan basah buatan mampu menurunkan kadar TSS, BOD dan fosfat secara berturut-turut sebesar 50 mg/L, 485,5 mg/L dan 29,1 mg/L. Efektivitas tanaman T. angustifolia dalam lahan basah buatan dalam penurunan kadar TSS, BOD dan fosfat secara berturut-turut sebesar 54 %, 22 % dan 39 %.
A New Radio-Frequency Acoustic Method for Remote Study of Liquids
Authors: Kramarenko Alexander V. , Kramarenko Andrey V.
Published: March 2020

In the present work a new method of study of liquids has been proposed. It is based on phenomenon of radio frequency anisotropy of electrolyte solution discovered by us. It arises because of mechanical or acoustic excitation of the solution. We were observing the phenomenon during the development process of RF polarimetric contactless cardiograhpy. The electric field vector of transmitted 433.82 MHz signal becomes rotated after its transition through the pericardial region. That rotation depends on change of blood acceleration when passing through the chambers of the heart and large vessels. It has also been revealed that rotation occurs after RF wave passage through the physiological saline (0.9% NaCl) subjected to any mechanical excitation inside it like a jet appearing or soundwave passing. No significant difference was detected experimentally between NaCl and KCl solutions behaviour. It means that the mechanism of hydrodynamic separation of ions is apparently not suitable to explain the phenomenon. The response we have registered most likely resembles the magnetization process of spin glasses. From the nature of the response observed we have concluded that a fundamentally new physical effect is discovered. It may provide wide opportunities for remote measurement of the electrolyte solutions parameters using polarized radio-frequency signals.
Mass Transport Optimization for Redox Flow Battery Design
Authors: Gurieff Nicholas , Keogh Declan Finn , Bladry Mark , Timchenko Victoria , Green Donna , Koskinen Ilpo , Menictas Chris
Published: March 2020

The world is moving to the next phase of the energy transition with high penetrations of renewable energy. Flexible and scalable redox flow battery (RFB) technology is expected to play an important role in ensuring electricity network security and reliability. Continuous performance improvements will further enhance their value by reducing parasitic losses and maximizing available energy conversion over broader operating conditions. Concentration overpotentials from poor internal reactant distribution at high and low states of charge (SOC) limit power densities and are thus an important area of investigation. However, efforts to address these coupled electrochemical phenomena can compromise mechanical performance. Modelling and simulation of cell design innovations have shown it is possible to reduce losses from pump energy while increasing the availability of active species where required. The combination of wedge-shaped cells with static mixers investigated in this paper can reduce pressure drop and improve energy efficiency. Toroidal vanadium redox flow battery (VRB/VRFB) designs incorporating this innovation are presented for further development to improve community engagement with the technology.
"Just Culture" From the Perspective of Nursing Personnel
Authors: Wiśniewska Małgorzata , Grudowski Piotr , Marjańska Ewa
Published: March 2020

Purpose: "Just culture" is an element of safety culture, and in a broader sense – a part of quality culture. It is the subject of studies, especially in healthcare. This phenomenon is almost unknown in Polish medical facilities. For this reason, the aim of the article is to present the essence and significance of "just culture" in healthcare. The other aim of the research is to present the results of the validation of "just culture" assessment instrument used to recognize the "just culture" maturity level and evaluate the nurses’ beliefs and behaviours in the light of "just culture" criteria. Methodology/Approach: The verified questionnaire consisted of 28 statements in relation to which respondents expressed their opinion on a 5-point Likert scale. The questionnaire was distributed among nurses in one of the largest hospitals in Pomorskie Voivodeship, in Poland. The results based on 68 responses were statistically processed with Statistica 13.1 software. Findings: The obtained results allowed to confirm the reliability of the assessment tool, to recognize the level of „just culture” as wisdom (68%) and to indicate strengths and weaknesses of observed beliefs and behaviours. On this basis, improvement actions were proposed. Originality/Value: We use the original, own prepared questionnaire. This is the first study on "just culture" in healthcare in Poland. There are only few studies devoted to patient safety culture in Poland and no research addressed to "just culture" phenomenon, as well in Poland as in Central Europe. The results in this area allow to recommend the assessment tool for other hospitals and seem to help in understanding the essence of "just culture" implementation.
Cancer Cells’ Low Sensitivity to Oxalate
Authors: Liu Qiuyun , Li Xiaoxia , Lei Tianlun , Zhang Yilin , Tang Man , Xing Meng , Peng Jingli , Fu Min , Xu Li , Zhou Wenliang
Published: March 2020

The Warburg effect refers to the phenomenon that cancer cells produce energy via glycolysis instead of cellular respiration. Glycolysis generated no net protons. The Warburg effect may be malignant cells’ built-in mechanism to antagonize the buildup of protons via Krebs cycle and other pathways with compromised cellular respiration. Data described in this study indicated that cancer cells were less sensitive to the presence of oxalate than non-cancer model cell lines 16HBE14o- and HaCaT. Malignant cells may resort on organic acids such as oxalate and their calcium salts to antagonize strong acids. This experiment sheds light on the role of Warburg effect in cancer cell metabolism and homeostasis.
THE EFFECT OF AUDIO-VISUAL EXPOSURE (YOUTUBE) TOWARDS LEARNERS’ SPEAKING SKILL
Authors: Purwa H Maulana Sigit , Muzammil Lasim
Published: March 2020

This research is intended to investigate how significant the effectiveness of AVE in which YouTube as the platform adopted being compared to the use of another media, i.e. Audio-Picture Series Exposure towards learners’ speaking skill. In order to achieve the purposes of the study, this study entails subjects taken from the population of SMK Budi Mulya Pakisaji by selecting 20 samples and 18 samples for control and experimental group respectively in which the former group was taught using Audio-Picture Series Exposure, while the latter one using AVE (YouTube). The researcher provided similar treatment and topic during the implementation of each exposure. The results show that both groups proved major improvement. Despite the performance improvement, since the result of independent sample t-test was 0.379, it attests that the difference between the groups was insignificant as the result was higher than the significance level set at .05. Such insignificance was apparently posed by some probable factors such as how the control group provide the same effective impact during the lesson, and also caused by the probable limitation as for adopting the availability of apt videos attributed to the selected topic which culminated in over reusing the similar contents. All in all, this study is expected to be contributive and propitious for the teachers and learners as for delivering insights of determining the use of the most suitable media for learning activity. It is also hoped that further research could present more detailed and provide more reliably advantageous findings.
TRACKING AUTHIGENIC MINERAL CEMENTS IN FOSSIL BONES FROM THE UPPER CRETACEOUS (CAMPANIAN) TWO MEDICINE AND JUDITH RIVER FORMATIONS, MONTANA
Authors: ROGERS RAYMOND R. , REGAN ANIK K. , WEAVER LUCAS N. , THOLE JEFFREY T. , FRICKE HENRY C.
Published: March 2020

Previous studies have yielded mixed results as to whether authigenic mineral infill in fossilized bone tracks specific lithologies or depositional environments, with most suggesting weak to no correlation between infill composition and host lithofacies. This study documents infill patterns in a suite of fossil bones from the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine and Judith River formations of Montana. The composition and distribution of void-filling materials, including authigenic mineral precipitates (e.g., calcite, chlorite, iron oxides/hydroxides, sulfides, and sulfates) and sedimentary detritus, were identified (petrography and SEM-EDS), imaged (photomicrographs, BSE maps), and quantified on false color maps using ImageJ. The authigenic cement content of fossil bone is distinct at the formation scale, with Two Medicine specimens characterized by pervasive calcite infill (non-ferroan followed by ferroan phase) and local chlorite infill. In contrast, Judith River specimens are characterized by abundant unfilled primary void space, with iron oxides and sulfides, along with rare sulfates, present in all bones, albeit in low abundance. Calcite infills are rare, chlorite is absent, and detrital infill is more abundant in Judith River specimens, presumably reflecting the rapid and more complete permineralization of Two Medicine bones. The sequencing of mineral cements in voids is generally consistent within formations, but is more complex in Two Medicine specimens. Authigenic cement content does not serve to effectively distinguish among facies or localities in either formation. This study compliments previous work on rare earth element (REE) content in the same general suite of fossil bones. In the previous study, patterns in REE uptake also served to readily distinguish fossils at the formation scale, and proved more effective than authigenic cements at differentiating fossils recovered from different facies.
Factors associated with non-vaccination against measles among 12-23 months old children in Yirgachefe district of SNNPR, Ethiopia, 2016
Authors: Degife Luna Habtamu , Worku Yoseph , Tadesse Muse
Published: March 2020

Immunization is an effective and proven tool for controlling and eliminating life-threatening vaccine preventable infectious diseases. In Ethiopia 5% of childhood mortalities are due to measles. Despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine, measles outbreaks secondary to non-vaccination are occurring in southern Ethiopia especially in Yirgachefe district. This study was done to assess the risk factors associated with non-vaccination against measles. A Community-based unmatched case control study was conducted in Yirgachefe district from December 1-31, 2016.Cases were children in the age group of 12- 23 months of age who did not take measles vaccination and controls were children in the same age group who took at least one dose of measles vaccine. The study was done in 6 randomly selected kebeles and cases and controls were selected randomly by probability proportional to size sampling. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Statistical significance was interpreted using Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and P value <0.05.A total of 320 individuals (107 cases and 214 controls) were approached for interview with a response rate of 93.75%. Of the cases, 57% were males and more than half fall in the 12-18 months age group. Knowledge regarding measles vaccination was also asked and among cases 72% heard about measles, 26% knew that all children should be vaccinated, 31% had awareness about the right age of vaccination, 60% agrees that measles is vaccine preventable and 65% knew that it is contagious. In multivariable logistic regression, Lack of Ante Natal Care follow up(ANC) (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) =3.57; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.22-10.44), lack of knowledge on the importance of vaccination, who should be vaccinated and if measles is contagious with an AOR and CI of (AOR=6.81; 95% CI: 1.56-29.64), (AOR=4.29; 95% CI: 1.83-10.04) and (AOR=8.97; 95%CI: 3.15-25.58) respectively were independent risk factors.Education and awareness about measles and its immunization should be given to the community. Additionally, ANC follow up should also be strengthened.
Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco, Electronic Cigarettes, and Combustible Cigarette Use Among Japanese Adolescents: A Nationwide Population Survey 2017
Authors: Kuwabara Yuki , Kinjo Aya , Fujii Maya , Imamoto Aya , Osaki Yoneatsu , Jike Maki , Otsuka Yuichiro , Itani Osamu , Kaneita Yoshitaka , Minobe Ruriko , Maezato Hitoshi , Higuchi Susumu , Yoshimoto Hisashi , Kanda Hideyuki
Published: March 2020

Background
From among the global public health concerns, smoking remains one of the most crucial challenges. Especially for adolescents, the increase in the use of electronic cigarettes is controversial, as its use may lead to established smoking. In Japan, where a unique tobacco regulation system exists, the heat-not-burn tobacco market has been growing. However, the prevalence and association of combustible cigarettes and new tobacco-related products have not yet been closely investigated among Japanese adolescents. This study aimed to clarify the prevalence of smoking among adolescents, including new types of tobacco-related products, and to compare the characteristics of their users.
Methods
The 2017 Lifestyle Survey of Adolescents is a nationally-representative survey collected in Japan. From the national school directory, 98 junior high schools and 86 high schools were randomly sampled throughout Japan. The students completed an anonymous questionnaire at school. We calculated the prevalence of use for each type of tobacco product. Then, the use of a combination of products and the characteristics of different types of products were examined.
Results
In total, 64,152 students from 48 junior high schools and 55 high schools were included the analysis (school response rate = 56%, M age = 15.7 years, 53.9% boys). The age-adjusted rate of ever (current) use of electronic cigarettes was 2.1% (0.7%) in junior high school and 3.5% (1.0%) in high school; that of combustible cigarettes was 2.6% (0.6%) in junior high school and 5.1% (1.5%) in high school. The rate of heat-not-burn tobacco use was lower relative to other products: 1.1% (0.5%) in junior high school and 2.2% (0.9%) in high school. An examination of the combined use of the three products identified a high number of dual users. Comparisons between different types of users indicated different backgrounds for combustible cigarette users and new product users.
Conclusions
The prevalence of new tobacco-alternative products is growing in popularity among Japanese adolescents. Dual use is common, and many adolescents use new products only. Moreover, e-cigarettes might attract a broader range of groups to smoking. Continuous monitoring and research are needed to investigate their influence as a possible gateway to tobacco smoking.
Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of Canadian medical students: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Khan Rishad , Apramian Tavis , Kang Joel Hosung , Gustafson Jeffrey , Sibbald Shannon
Published: March 2020

Background

While the importance of medical students’ demographic characteristics in influencing the scope and location of their future practice is recognized, these data are not systematically collected in Canada. This study aimed to characterize and compare the demographics of Canadian medical students with the Canadian population.

Methods

Through an online survey, delivered in 2018, medical students at fourteen English-speaking Canadian medical schools provided their age, sex, gender identity, ethnicity, educational background, and rurality of the area they grew up in. Respondents also provided information on parental income, occupation, and education as markers of socioeconomic status. Data were compared to the 2016 Canadian Census.

Results

A total of 1388 students responded to the survey, representing a response rate of 16.6%. Most respondents identified as women (63.1%) and were born after 1989 (82.1%). Respondents were less likely, compared to the Canadian Census population, to identify as black (1.7% vs 6.4%) (P<0.001) or Aboriginal (3.5% vs. 7.4%) (P<0.001), and have grown up in a rural area (6.4% vs. 18.7%) (P<0.001). Respondents had higher socioeconomic status, indicated by parental education (29.0% of respondents’ parents had a master’s or doctoral degree, compared to 6.6% of Canadians aged 45-64), occupation (59.7% of respondents’ parents were high-level managers or professionals, compared to 19.2% of Canadians aged 45-64), and income (62.9% of respondents grew up in households with income >$100,000/year, compared to 32.4% of Canadians). Assessment of non-response bias showed that our sample was representative of all students at English-speaking Canadian medical schools with respect to age, though a higher proportion of respondents were female. Additionally, there were no differences between early and late respondents with respect to ethnicity, rurality, and parental income, occupation, and education.

Conclusions

Canadian medical students have different socioeconomic characteristics compared to the Canadian population. Collecting and analyzing these characteristics can inform evidence-based admissions policies.
Low adherence to exercise may have influenced the proportion of OMERACT-OARSI responders in an integrated OA care model: Secondary analyses from a cluster-randomised stepped wedge trial
Authors: Moseng Tuva , Dagfinrud Hanne , Bodegom-Vos Leti van , Dziedzic Krysia , Hagen Kåre Birger , Natvig Bård , Røtterud Jan Harald , Vlieland Thea Vliet , Østerås Nina
Published: March 2020

Background: To address the well-documented gap between hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA) treatment recommendations and current clinical practice, a structured model for integrated OA care was developed and evaluated in a stepped-wedge cluster-randomised controlled trial. The current study used secondary outcomes to evaluate clinically important response to treatment through the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Clinical Trials clinical responder criteria (OMERACT-OARSI responder criteria) after 3 and 6 months between patients receiving the structured OA care model vs. usual care. Secondly, the study aimed to investigate if the proportion of responders in the intervention group was influenced by adherence to the exercise program inherent in the model.
Methods: The study was conducted in primary healthcare in six Norwegian municipalities. General practitioners and physiotherapists received training in OA treatment recommendations and use of the structured model. The intervention group attended a physiotherapist-led OA education program and performed individually tailored exercises for 8-12 weeks. The control group received usual care. Patient-reported pain, function and global assessment of disease activity during the last week were evaluated using 11-point numeric rating scales (NRS 0-10). These scores were used to calculate the proportion of OMERACT-OARSI responders. Two-level mixed logistic regression models were fitted to investigate differences in responders between the intervention and control group.
Results: 284 intervention and 109 control group participants with hip and knee OA recruited from primary care in six Norwegian municipalities. In total 47% of the intervention and 35% of the control group participants were responders at 3 or 6 months combined; showing an uncertain between-group difference (OR adjusted 1.38 (95% CI 0.41, 4.67). In the intervention group, 184 participants completed the exercise programme (exercised ≥2 times/week for ≥8 weeks) and 55% of these were classified as responders. In contrast, 28% of the 86 non-completers were classified as responders.
Conclusions: The difference in proportion of OMERACT-OARSI responders at 3 and 6 months between the intervention and control group was uncertain. In the intervention group, a larger proportion of responders were seen among the exercise completers compared to the non-completers.
Identification of the Eutrema Salsugineum EsMYB90 gene important for anthocyanin biosynthesis
Authors: Qi Yuting , Gu Caihong , Wang Xingjun , Gao Shiqing , Li Changsheng , Zhao Chuanzhi , Li Chuanshun , Ma Changle , Zhang Quan
Published: March 2020

Background: Anthocyanins contribute to coloration and antioxidation effects in different plant tissues. MYB transcription factors have been demonstrated to be a key regulator for anthocyanin synthesis in many plants. However, little information was available about the MYB genes in the halophyte species Eutrema salsugineum . Result: Here we report the identification of an important anthocyanin biosynthesis regulator Es MYB90 from Eutrema salsugineum , which is a halophyte tolerant to multiple abiotic stresses. Our phylogenetic and localization analyses supported that Es MYB90 is an R2R3 type of MYB transcription factor. Ectopic expression of EsMYB90 in tobacco and Arabidopsis enhanced pigmentation and anthocyanin accumulation in various organs. The transcriptome analysis revealed that 42 genes upregulated by Es MYB90 in 35S : EsMYB90 tobacco transgenic plants are required for anthocyanin biosynthesis. Moreover, our qRT-PCR results showed that Es MYB90 promoted expression of early ( PAL , CHS , and CHI ) and late ( DFR , ANS , and UFGT ) anthocyanin biosynthesis genes in stems, leaves, and flowers of 35S : EsMYB90 tobacco transgenic plants. Conclusions: Our results indicated that Es MYB90 is a MYB transcription factor, which regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis genes to control anthocyanin biosynthesis. Our work provides a new tool to enhance anthocyanin production in various plants.
Beyond Health System Contact: Measuring and Validating Quality of Childbirth Care Indicators in Primary Level Facilities of Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Weldearegay Haftom Gebrehiwot , Medhanyie Araya Abrha , Godefay Hagos , Kahsay Alemayehu Bayray
Published: March 2020

Background: Measurement of quality of health care has been largely overlooked and continues to be a major health system bottleneck in monitoring performance and quality to evaluate progress against defined targets for better decision making. Hence, metrics of maternity care are needed to advance from health service contact alone to content of care. We assessed the accuracy of indicators that describe the quality of basic care for childbirth functions both at the individual level as well as at the population level in Northern Ethiopia. Methods: A validation study was conducted by comparing women’s self-reported coverage of maternal and newborn health interventions during intra-partum and immediate postpartum care received in primary level care facilities of Northern Ethiopia against a gold standard of direct observation by a trained third party (n=478). Sensitivity, specificity and individual-level reporting accuracy via the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) and inﬂation factor (IF) to estimate population-level accuracy for each indicator was applied for validity analysis. Findings: 455(97.5%) of women completed the survey describing health interventions. Thirty-two (43.2%) of the 93-basic quality child birth care indicators that were assessed could be accurately measure at the facility and population level (AUC>0.60 and 0.75
Prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, serotypes and risk factors for group B streptococcus rectovaginal isolates among pregnant women at Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya; A cross-sectional study
Authors: Salano Jisuvei Clayton , Alfred Osoti , Njeri Maina Anne
Published: March 2020

Background

Estimates of group B streptococcus ( GBS) disease burden, antimicrobial susceptibility, and serotypes in pregnant women are limited for many resource-limited countries including Kenya. These data are required to inform recommendations for prophylaxis and treatment of infections due to GBS.

Methods

We evaluated the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, serotypes, and risk factors associated with rectovaginal GBS colonization among pregnant women receiving antenatal care at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) between August and November 2017. Consenting pregnant women between 12 and 40 weeks of gestation were enrolled. Interview-administered questionnaires were used to assess risk factors associated with GBS colonization. An anorectal swab and a lower vaginal swab were collected and cultured on Granada agar for GBS isolation. Positive colonies were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility to penicillin G, ampicillin, vancomycin, and clindamycin using the disk diffusion method. Serotyping was performed by latex agglutination. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with GBS colonization.

Results

A total of 292 women were enrolled. Median age was 30 years (Interquatile range {IQR} 26-35) with a median gestational age of 35 weeks (IQR 30-37). Overall GBS was identified in 60/292 (20.5%) of participants. Among the positive isolates, resistance was detected for penicillin G in 42/58 (72.4%) isolates, ampicillin in 32/58 (55.2%) isolates, clindamycin in 14/46 (30.4%) isolates, and vancomycin in 14/58 (24.1%) isolates. All ten GBS serotypes were isolated, and 37/53 (69.8%) of GBS positive participants were colonized by more than one serotype. None of the risk factors was associated with GBS colonization.

Conclusion

The prevalence of GBS colonization was high among mothers attending antenatal clinic at KNH. In addition, a high proportion of GBS isolates were resistant to commonly prescribed intrapartum antibiotics. Hence, other measures like GBS vaccination is a potentially useful approaches to GBS prevention and control in this population. Screening of pregnant mothers for GBS colonization should be introduced and antimicrobial susceptibility test performed on GBS positive samples to guide antibiotic prophylaxis.
Health TAPESTRY Ontario: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial to Test Reproducibility and Implementation
Authors: Mangin Dee , Lamarche Larkin , Bomze Sivan , Borhan Sayem , Browne Tracy , Carr Tracey , Datta Julie , Dolovich Lisa , Howard Michelle , Marentette-Brown Sarah , Oliver Doug , Risdon Cathy , Talat Samina , Tarride Jean-Eric , Thebane Lehana , Valaitis Ruta , Price David
Published: March 2020

Background: Health TAPESTRY (Health Teams Advancing Patient Experience: STRengthening qualitY) aims to help people stay healthier for longer where they live by providing person-focused care through the integration of four key program components: 1) trained volunteers who visit clients in their homes, 2) an interprofessional primary health care team, 3) use of technology to collect and share information, and 4) improved connections to community health and social services. The initial randomized controlled trial of Health TAPESTRY found promising results in terms of health care use and patient outcomes, indicating a shift from reactive to preventive care. The trial was based on one clinical academic centre, thus limiting generalizability. The study objectives are: 1) to test reproducibility of the established effectiveness of Health TAPESTRY on physical activity and hospitalizations, 2) to test the feasibility of, and understand the contributing factors to, the implementation of Health TAPESTRY in six diverse communities across Ontario, Canada, and 3) to determine the value for money of implementing Health TAPESTRY.
Methods : This planned study is a pragmatic parallel randomized controlled trial with a delayed intervention for control participants at six months. This trial will simultaneously assess effectiveness and implementation in a real world setting (Type II hybrid) in six diverse communities across Ontario. Participants 70 years of age and older will be randomized into the Health TAPESTRY intervention or the control group (usual care). Intervention clients will receive an individualized plan of care from an interprofessional care team. The plan will be based on a client’s goals and current health risks identified through volunteer visits. The study’s outcomes are mapped onto the RE-AIM framework, with levels of physical activity and number of hospitalizations as the co-primary outcomes. The main analysis will be a comparison at six months.
Discussion: It is important to evaluate the effectiveness and implementation of Health TAPESTRY in multiple communities prior to scaling or widespread adoption.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03397836 (posted January 12, 2018).
Keywords: Primary health care, Randomized controlled trial, Integrated care, Interdisciplinary health care teams, Health care volunteers, Older adults, Implementation