bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Algorithmic Finance and (Limits to) Governmentality: On Foucault and High-Frequency Trading
Authors: Borch Christian
Published: September 2017

In this essay I discuss algorithmic finance, specifically the use of fully automated trading, including high-frequency trading, in the light of Michel Foucault's notion of governmentality. I argue that a governmentality perspective offers a fruitful way of understanding particular aspects of high-frequency trading, such as how algorithms are designed to govern other market participants' anticipations of market dynamics. However, I also argue that, to fully understand the realm of algorithmic finance and high-frequency trading, it is important to supplement a governmentality approach with an analytical lexicon which is not primarily centred on productive forms of power. Specifically, I suggest that, according to media discourses on high-frequency trading, algorithmic finance often works in ways that are better grasped through, e.g. Elias Canetti's work on predatory power and Roger Caillois's work on mimesis.
Radiographic cup position following posterior and lateral approach to total hip arthroplasty. An explorative randomized controlled trial. The protocol v1
Authors: Kruse Christine , Rosenlund Signe , Broeng Leif , Overgaard Søren
Published: September 2017

Background: The two most common surgical approaches to total hip arthroplasty are the posterior approach and lateral approach. The surgical approach may influence cup positioning and restoration of the offset, which may affect the biomechanical properties of the hip joint.The primary aim was to compare cup position between posterior approach and lateral approach. Secondary aims were to compare femoral offset, abductor moment arm and leg length discrepancy between the two approaches.Methods: Eighty patients with primary hip osteoarthritis were included in a randomized controlled trial and assigned to total hip arthroplasty using posterior approach or lateral approach. Postoperative radiographs from 38 patients in each group were included in this study for measurement of cup anteversion and inclination. Femoral offset, cup offset, total offset, abductor moment arm and leg length discrepancy were measured on preoperative and postoperative radiographs in 28 patients in each group.
The Complications of Learning and Understanding English Prepositions among Students at AL Imam AL Mahdi University in Sudan
Authors: Mubarak Amin Ali Al
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this study is to show the difficulties and analyze the various problems Sudanese students in the Arts College in the University of AL Imam AL Mahdi, face while learning and comprehending English prepositions. The focus of this study is therefore, on categorizing the types of challenges faced by these students. The research methods used were a survey followed by a report based on the results of the survey. The survey which comprised 12 items, explored the types of challenges faced by the respondents while learning the English prepositions. To portray the types of challenges faced by the students, the survey responses were analyzed and reported. In the report, the researcher described the problems and also suggested recommendations on the ways to overcome the challenges faced by the students. Thus, the findings of the study portrayed the factors which contributed to the problems in learning prepositions and also the ways to overcome these challenges. It is hoped that the findings of this survey and the suggested recommendations, will assist teachers in their classroom teaching of prepositions in the University of AL Imam AL Mahdi.
The Central Characteristics of Successful ESL/EFL Teachers
Authors: Al-Seghayer Khalid
Published: September 2017

Achieving optimal success in teaching English as a second language (ESL) or English as a foreign language (EFL) requires teachers to demonstrate varying essential characteristics that consist of several underlying and interacting constructs. The purpose of this article is to orient the reader and succinctly identify the key variables that lead ESL/EFL teachers to distinctive success. It clearly delineates the characteristics of successful ESL/EFL teachers embedded within five central dimensions, along with their underlying structures. It also provides common taxonomies of successful EFL teachers’ attributes without burdening the reader with unnecessary detail concerning the many other validated attributes associated with ESL/EFL teachers’ salient attributions of success. To this end, this discussion contributes to a theoretical understanding of the development of successful ESL/EFL teachers and to improved knowledge of the key characteristics of successful ESL/EFL teachers.
Chinese EFL Teacher Trainees’ Perceptions of Writing after the Practicum
Authors: Kong Yunjun
Published: September 2017

In teaching English as a foreign language (EFL), teacher trainees’ knowledge about writing is little known in the literature. The study aimed to understand trainees’ perceptions of writing and how the practicum shapes their thinking in the Chinese context. A self-developed questionnaire with 5-point Likert scales targeting natures, functions, and development of writing, and the basis of good writing was employed to collect data online. 204 EFL trainees answered the questionnaire in January 2017 just after completing their practicum. While most respondents held views conforming to present research consensus, some had difficulty recognizing multiple natures of writing. Participants paid more attention to the functions of writing concerned with the self and self-expression, and much less to those focusing on the addressees. They generally accept the facilitators to the development of writing, but highlighted coherence and cohesion, semantics, and length of a text as features of good writing. Specific English studies relating to writing and pre-service programs in general were found significantly weakly but not systematically related to participants’ perceptions. The length of practicum, school level, school location, and school type did not make a difference in participants’ perceptions of writing. However, the class size and frequency of teaching writing were associated with their understanding of writing. The findings suggest that the practicum is too short to contribute significantly to trainees’ learning about writing. They concurrently raise questions and call for further research regarding trainees’ relative inattention to the social and communicative nature of writing, and linguistic features of good writing.
The Influence of Implementing Communicative Approach in the Language Teaching Process on Students’ Academic Achievement
Authors: Wiyono Bambang Budi , Gipayana Muhana , Ruminiati Ruminiati
Published: September 2017

This research is aimed at determining the effect of implementing communicative approach in language teaching on the students’ learning outcomes. The research was conducted in Blitar, East Java, Indonesia. The research employed descriptive correlation design and 40 elementary school teachers were selected as samples by random sampling technique. Data collection technique used questionnaires and documentation, and the analysis technique employed descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment correlation. The results indicated that implementing communicative approach in the language teaching did not significantly influence the students’ learning outcomes in the national examination. If it was seen from the items of activities which had been performed in the learning process through communicative approach, there were some items that have significant influence towards students’ learning outcomes in social science.
The Role of Equilibration in Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development and Its Implication for Receptive Skills: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Bormanaki Hamidreza Babaee , Khoshhal Yasin
Published: September 2017

Piaget’s theory, which is at the center of cognitive approaches to psychology and learning, gave a significant importance to the construct of equilibration. This construct plays a paramount role in cognitive adaptation. It is the unifying factor, and thus the sufficient condition of cognitive development. An attempt was made in this paper to revisit the construct of equilibrium in the realm of cognitive development and relate it to the two receptive language skills, namely; listening and reading comprehension. Topics analyzed included, overview of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, assimilation and accommodation in the process of equilibration and their role in cognitive adaptation, kinds of equilibration, schema theory, Rutherford’s neo-Piagetian view of assimilation and accommodation. Then the process of equilibration was related to the practical contexts and its implications and contributions to the listening and reading comprehension was described. It’s also described how critical thinking, schemata, assimilation, accommodation, and reading comprehension are interrelated to each other in implication section. Finally, Rutherford’s neo- Piagetian view is contributed to reading comprehension from socio-cultural perspective.
The activity of redox-regulatory systems in the primary and recurrence tumors in vulvar cancer
Authors: Surikova E.I. , Goroshinskaya I.A. , Frantsiyants E.M. , Shalashnaja E.V. , Nerodo G.A. , Neskubina I.V. , Kachesova P.S. , Nemashkalova L.A. , Chudilova A.V.
Published: September 2017

The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione transferase (GST), the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were investigated in the samples of the tumor, peritumoral zone and healthy tissue, taken at the line of resection, were obtained from 14 patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva, and 13 patients with local recurrence appeared in the period from 3 months to 7 years. by conventional spectrophotometric methods. The content of GSH and the activity of SOD, GPx, GR, GST were significantly increased, while MDA was decreased in the tissue of the primary carcinoma of the vulva in compared with the healthy tissue. Differences in the functioning of the investigated system of enzymes in the peritumoral zone were also revealed in the primary and recurrent tumoral process. Similar but much less pronounced changes were also observed in the recurrent tumor. It is suggested that such dynamics of activity of the studied system with the progression of cancer process can be the result of adaptation to changes in the local biochemical status of healthy (nonmalignant) tissue of the organ carrying the tumor and reflect the metabolic features of the recurrent tumor.
High resolution respirometry in diagnostic of mitochondrial disorders caused by mitochondrial complex I deficiency
Authors: Krylova T.D. , Tsygankova P.G. , Itkis Yu.S. , Sheremet N.L. , Nevinitsyna T.A. , Mikhaylova S.V. , Zakharova E.Yu.
Published: September 2017

Complex I (CI) deficiency is one of the most common defects in the OXPHOS system; it represents more than 30% cases of mitochondrial diseases. The group is characterized by clinical and genetic heterogeneity and comprise several nosological forms. The most prevalent phenotypes for CI are LHON and Leigh syndrome. In this study we have analyzed skin fibroblasts from 11 patients with mutations in mtDNA, which cause LHON or Leigh-like phenotypes: m.11778 G>A (n=3), m.3460 A>G (n=2), m.3635 G>A (n=1), m.3308 T>G (n=2), m.3472 T>C (n=1) and 2 patients with earlier unknown substitutions m.3945 C>A and m.14441T>C. High-resolution respirometry (HRR) on the Oxygraph-2k instrument (“Oroboros corp.”, Austria) was performed for complex analysis of the mitochondrial respiratory function in intact and permeabilized fibroblasts of patients and healthy controls. Flux control rations in intact cells R/E, (R-L)/E (p<0.05) were raised compared to the control. Rates of R, E, L normalized on the CS were statistically varied between patients and controls. In permeabilized fibroblasts we observed differences in CII/E, Rot/E, R/CII, CI/CII (p<0.05) between groups. These data highlight the dysfunction of the OXPHOS system and particularly CI. Increased citrate synthase level and decreased CI/CII ratio indicate compensatory metabolic response to respiratory chain dysfunction. Our results show applicability of HRR in revealing the biochemical abnormalities of complex I in fibroblasts of patients with LHON and Leigh-like syndrome. We also suggest HRR to be a useful method for inspection of other mutations causing complex I deficiency.
Política educacional, exames internacionais de desempenho e a busca da escolarização de classe mundial: uma análise crítica
Authors: Morris Paul
Published: September 2017

As políticas educacionais no mundo todo estão cada vez mais dirigidas por um desejo de emular as “melhores práticas” de países que têm bom resultado em exames internacionais de desempenho de alunos, tais como o Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) e o Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). Este artigo traz uma análise crítica de como essa forma aplicada de educação comparada opera, a lógica e os pressupostos nos quais ela se baseia, e os atores essenciais envolvidos.

Palavras-chave: PISA; TIMMS; Avaliação em Larga Escala; Políticas Educacionais.

 

Education policy, cross-national tests of pupil achievement, and the pursuit of world class schooling: a critical analysis

Educational policy around the world is increasingly driven by a desire to emulate the “best practices” of nations that have performed well on cross national tests of pupil achievement such as Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) and Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMMS). This article provides a critical analysis of how this applied form of comparative education operates; the logic and assumptions on which it is based and the key actors involved.

Keywords: PISA; TIMMS; Large-Scale Assessment; Educational Policies.

 

Política educacional, tests internacionales de desempeño y la búsqueda de la escolarización de clase mundial: un análisis crítico

Las políticas educacionales entodo el mundo están cada vez más dirigidas por un deseo de emular las “mejores prácticas” de países que obtienen buenos resultados en tests internacionales de desempeño de alumnos, como el Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) y Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). Este artículo contiene un análisis crítico de cómo opera esa forma aplicada de educación comparada, la lógica y los presupuestos en los que se basa, y los actores esenciales implicados.

Palabras-clave: PISA; TIMMS; Evaluación en Gran Escala; Políticas Educacionales.
Recicladores/as de histórias, catadores/as de sorrisos
Authors: Schwengber Daiana , Bizani Delmar , Borges Maria De Lourdes , Cardoso Jáder Da Cruz
Published: September 2017

O artigo tem por objetivo compartilhar a experiência da organização de uma exposição fotográfica realizada com catadores/as de resíduos sólidos da Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre, RS. As pessoas em geral não conhecem o trabalho realizado pelo catador/a e também não associa a sua atividade como algo digno, que gere renda e que possibilite qualidade de vida e inclusão social. Os/As catadores/as são sujeitos invisibilizados pela sociedade e estigmatizados pelo trabalho que realizam com o ‘lixo’. Para a organização da exposição, convidou-se um fotógrafo voluntário que registrou o trabalho realizado em quatro cooperativas de reciclagem pós-consumo. Com as imagens selecionadas pela equipe a exposição foi constituída. O sucesso com o público, evidenciado por meio do número e da reação dos visitantes, da aprovação dos/as catadores/as, bem como a sua apresentação em diversos espaços como empresas, escolas e eventos, podem ser indicativos do resultado positivo da exposição.
Кластерная политика регионального развития: лучшие зарубежные практики
Authors: Шейкин Дмитрий Алексеевич
Published: September 2017

В статье проанализирован опыт успешного развития региональных кластеров США. Описаны лучшие практики кластерной политики следующих штатов: кейс Миннесоты, представляющий собой рамочную концепцию в отношении всей экономической политики штата; кейс Орегона, демонстрирующего ключевое значение дискуссионных площадок для коммуникаций стейкхолдеров и выработки ими согласованных планов и решений; кейс Массачусетса, опирающегося в процессе становления кластера на частный региональный институт-координатор; кейс Южной Каролины, где базовую роль в формировании кластеров сыграл специальный орган, объединяющий представителей малого и крупного бизнеса, региональных органов власти, университетов и некоммерческих структур. Показано изменение роли управляющих субъектов в ходе эволюции региональных бизнес-кластеров. Обоснована необходимость подготовки специалистов-фасилитаторов в рамках профессионального менеджмента кластеров. Предложена система организационных ролей для обеспечения межфирменного кластерного взаимодействия. Статья направлена на исследователей в области региональной экономики, кластерной политики и практиков, специализирующихся на управлении и развитии региональных кластеров.
Инновационные подходы к организации налогового контроля
Authors: Шмакова Александра Викторовна
Published: September 2017

В статье рассматриваются инновационные подходы к организации контрольной работы налоговых органов, связанных с получением налогоплательщиком необоснованной налоговой выгоды, деятельности налоговых органов по сбору доказательной базы факта возникновения необоснованной налоговой выгоды у налогоплательщика. На конкретных примерах делаются выводы о работе налоговых органов и формулируются предложения, позволяющие усилить доказательства в совокупности, которые позволят налоговым органам добиться успехов в привлечении недобросовестных налогоплательщиков к налоговой ответственности.
Эволюция модели экономического человека в теории человеческого капитала: от homo economicus до homo transactus
Authors: Марущак Ирина Валерьевна
Published: September 2017

В работе рассмотрена эволюция моделей экономического поведения человека. Систематизированы достоинства и недостатки моделей, изучаемых в рамках институциональной экономики и теории человеческого капитала. Представлена критика модели homo economicus, основанная на ее нереалистичности и искусственности. Визуализирована карта моделей человека в современной экономической науке. Предложена интегрирующая модель человека, способная объединить моноаспектные подходы и адекватно объяснить природу человека в теории человеческого капитала, где «человек трансакционный» представляется субъектом отношений, формирующихся на основе трансакций, обладающим многомерной идентичностью. Статья представляет интерес для специалистов в области теории институциональной экономики, человеческого и интеллектуального капитала, исследователей проблем планирования и управления в условиях современной постиндустриальной экономики.
Некоторые подходы к оценке инновационного развития предприятия
Authors: Ширяева Юлия Сергеевна , Перцева Любовь Николаевна , Лапшина Екатерина Николаевна , Лапшин Егор Алексеевич
Published: September 2017

Говоря о ключевых направлениях достижения стабильного экономического положения и успеха на рынке для промышленных предприятий и организаций в индустриально развитых странах все чаще называют именно обширное освоение и внедрение инновационных технологий во всех сферах и этапах производственного процесса. Для того, чтобы способствовать высокому темпу и устойчивому росту экономики, производственный комплекс должен быть динамичным и адаптирующимся к внешним условиям, восприимчивым к научно-техническому прогрессу. В настоящее время это говорит о необходимости обеспечения технологического преимущества по приоритетным направлениям, кроме этого реальное производство должно стать восприимчивым к передовым технологиям, созданным внутри страны и за её границами, в целях обеспечения конкурентоспособности производимых товаров и услуг на мировом рынке. В статье рассмотрены роль внедрения инноваций в процессы организации управления и производства продукции, а так же некоторые подходы к оценке инновационного развития предприятия. Проанализирована система управления инновационной деятельностью предприятия. Исследованы подходы к оценке инновационного развития, рассмотрены особенности и недостатки изучаемых подходов.
ACTIVITY ON THE BETA-EXOTOXIN OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS VAR. THURINGIENSIS IN THE ESCHERICHIA COLI DNA REPAIR ASSAY FOR BACTERIAL GENOTOXICITY1,2
Authors: Cantwell George E. , Argauer Robert J. , Cantelo William W.
Published: September 2017

The beta-exotoxin of an experimental preparation of Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis was bioassayed against neonate Colorado potato beetle larvae and its lethal concentrations determined. The amount of active ingredient in the preparation was determined by liquid chromatography. The Escherichia coli DNA Repair Assay was used to determine the DNA damaging potential of the beta-exotoxin, which was found to be negative in this system.
EFFECT OF GAMMA RADIATION ON RHIZOGLYPHUS ECHINOPUS (FUMOUZE AND ROBIN) AND ALEUROGLYPHUS OVATUS (TROUPEAU) (ACARI: ACARIDAE)
Authors: Boczek Jan , Jaminska Dorota , Bruce William A. , Davis Robert
Published: September 2017

Eggs, inert deutonymphs and young, virgin adults of Rhizoglyphus echinopus (Fumouze and Robin) and Aleuroglyphus ovatus (Troupeau) were treated with 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 krad of gamma radiation. Fecundity, egg viability, oviposition period, survival of developmental stages, and longevity of females were compared. Doses ≥ 40 krad completely inhibited egg development. Eggs of A. ovatus were more resistant to gamma radiation than those of R. echinopus. The effect of irradiation on the inert deutonymphs was more detrimental than it was on young adults. Effect of irradiation on the life span of females of both species was stimulatory at doses of up to 60 krad and inhibitory at higher doses. The oviposition period varied inversely with the irradiation dose. Irradiation with 5 krad caused, in both mite species, at least a 50% decrease in fecundity.
ACEPHATE AND AVERMECTINS FOR GERMAN COCKROACH CONTROL1
Authors: Wright C. G. , Dupree H. E.
Published: September 2017

Acephate (1%), acephate (1%) plus 0.16% zinc ricinoleate (a deodorant) and 0.08% Tryfac 910-K® (a surfactant), and avermectins (0.02 and 0.1%) were applied in kitchens of single-family dwellings infested with Blattella germanica (L.). All gave control at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after initial application. There was no significant difference in control between insecticides or concentrations.
CONTROL OF MEGASELIA HALTERATA, A PHORID FLY PEST OF COMMERCIAL MUSHROOM PRODUCTION, BY INSECTICIDAL TREATMENT OF THE COMPOST OR CASING MATERIAL
Authors: Cantelo W. W.
Published: September 2017

Megaselia halterata (Wood) (Diptera: Phoridae) is a pest of commercial mushroom production in North America and Europe. Compost or casing materials treated with experimental insecticides were placed in commercial mushroom growing rooms that were heavily infested with M. halterata. Control was determined by comparing emergence from treated material with that from untreated material. As a compost treatment, the following were ineffective: resmethrin, fenvalerate, permethrin, Lily-7063, and triflumuron. Diflubenzuron was effective only at high doses. Acephate, chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, diazinon, dimethoate, ethoprop, fenitrothion, and methoprene were effective. As casing treatments malathion, triflumuron, and diflubenzuron were ineffective. Dimethoate, diazinon, acephate, chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, ethoprop, fenitrothion, and methoprene were effective.
IMPACT OF LATE SEASON APHID CONTROL ON PECAN TREE VIGOR PARAMETERS
Authors: Dutcher J. D.
Published: September 2017

Late season insecticide-based control strategies against the foliar pecan aphid complex which controlled populations of the 3 aphid species, prevented early defoliation of the tree and did not reduce pistillate flower production the following Spring. Pecan trees treated with insecticides which were less efficacious against the pecan aphid complex, defoliated early and had reduced pistillate flower production.
AN EVALUATION OF A PORTABLE GEIGER COUNTER TO TRACE RADIOLABELED HELIOTHIS ZEA (BODDIE) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) LARVAE IN CORN AND COTTON1
Authors: Farrar Robert R. , Landis Douglas A.
Published: September 2017

A portable Geiger counter was evaluated for tracing the movements of radiolabeled Heliothis zea (Boddie) larvae in cotton and corn. In cotton, larvae used were labeled by injection of the parent females and phosphorus-32. These could easily be located using the Geiger counter. In corn, larvae were labeled topically so that pupation sites in the soil could be labeled. The percentage of these that could be located proved variable.
THE DIURNAL ETHOLOGY OF THE ADULT GREEN STINK BUG, ACROSTERNUM HILARE, IN SENESCING SOYBEANS
Authors: Lockwood Jeffrey A. , Story Richard N.
Published: September 2017

A preliminary behavioral catalogue of the adult green stink bug, Acrosternum hilare (Say), was developed from observations taken in a field of senescing soybeans. A total of 20 behaviors were described, and the effects of sex and time of day on these behaviors were quantified. Behaviors were categorized as resting, componential movements, grooming, feeding, excretion, positional orientation, and locomotion. Sex significantly influenced the duration of time spent in lifted and tilted postures and resting both on pods and with conspecifics and the proportion of time spent in a lifted posture, resting on all substrates, antennal waving, shifting, and walking. Time of day significantly influenced the duration of time spent in a tilted posture, basking, and walking and the proportion of time spent in a lifted posture, resting on all substrates, antennal waving and quivering, shifting, walking, and flying. The functions of the behaviors were either implicit or inferred from current understanding of pentatomid biology.
NECTARIED AND NECTARILESS COTTON CULTIVARS AS NECTAR SOURCES FOR THE ADULT SOYBEAN LOOPER1
Authors: Beach R. M. , Todd J. W. , Baker S. H.
Published: September 2017

Moths of the soybean looper (SBL), Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), were released into 1.8 × 3.7 m field cages (10 male:female moth pairs/cage) containing nectaried (floral and extrafloral nectaries) or nectariless (no extrafloral nectaries) cotton cultivars. Cages containing moths were left undisturbed for 7 days, at the end of which time, plants within cages were sampled for SBL eggs. In three separate tests conducted in 1982, 1983, and 1984, moths oviposited significantly more eggs/plant in caged nectaried cotton than in caged nectariless cotton. High larval SBL populations in cotton-soybean agroecosystems are attributed to SBL moth utilization of cotton nectars to increase fertility and fecundity prior to oviposition in nearby soybean fields. Thus, use of nectariless cotton cultivars may reduce SBL pest populations on soybean by decreasing the amount of cotton nectar available.
LABORATORY EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF CINNAMOMUM CASSIA TO FOUR SPECIES OF STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS1
Authors: Su Helen C. F.
Published: September 2017

Dry bark and oil of Cinnamomum cassia Blume were evaluated for their biological activity against the adults of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Lasioderma serricorne (F.) and Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val. The acetone extract of the bark provided practically no contact toxicity to C. maculatus and T. confusum up to 50 μg/insect, but gave weak toxicity to S. oryzae and L. serricorne at 48 h after topical treatment, while the oil showed no toxicity to C. maculatus, very weak toxicity to T. confusum, and moderate toxicity to S. oryzae and L. serricorne at 30 and 50 μg/insect, respectively.

Both the extract and the oil, applied to wheat at 0.2, 0.1 and 0.05% by weight, showed significant repellency against S. oryzae adults with the oil providing greater repellency than the extract. The repellency decreased as the concentration of treatment decreased. Both the extract and the oil provided the repellency to T. confusum when applied to paper. At the application rates of 600 and 400 μg/cm2, the extract showed a class III average repellency for 4 months. Repellency of the oil deteriorated at a faster rate, and showed only a class II average repellency for 4 months at the same dosages.
RESISTANCE TO APHIS CRACCIVORA (HOMOPTERA:APHIDIDAE) IN SELECTED VARIETIES OF COWPEA
Authors: Messina Frank J. , Renwick J. A. A. , Barmore Joyce L.
Published: September 2017

Nearly 200 varieties of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp, were screened for resistance to the cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch. Three varieties known to be resistant in West Africa were highly susceptible to an aphid population from the southern United States. Four other varieties, however, inhibited growth of the southern United States population both in the laboratory and in the field. Life-table comparisons using a resistant and a susceptible variety revealed a three-fold difference in the intrinsic rate of increase and a more than twenty-fold difference in the net reproductive rate. High nymphal mortality and low fecundity on resistant plants were largely responsible for these differences.
PHYTOSTEROL REQUIREMENT FOR PROPAGATION OF RHINOCYLLUS CONICUS (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) ON ARTIFICIAL DIETS
Authors: Rowe D. J. , Kok L. T. , Orcutt D. M.
Published: September 2017

The development of Rhinocyllus conicus Froelich was evaluated on 52 artificial diets. Selected diet constituents were varied to determine their effects on weevil development. High mortality without initial feeding on diets with cholesterol suggested that phytosterol is essential as a phagostimulant. Only nine of the diets supported development of first instar larvae to the adult stage; sitosterol was present in each of the successful diets. The low yields of adult weevils indicate inadequacies in the diets.
ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES AND DMSO AFFECT MYCELIAL GROWTH AND PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE BIOSYNTHESIS IN AN ENTOMOPATHIC FUNGUS
Authors: Ross David C. , Brady U. E.
Published: September 2017

The effect of three organophosphate pesticides, dichlorvos, edifenphos, and methyl parathion on growth of the entomopathic fungus, Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson was examined under laboratory conditions. Each of the 3 pesticides with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) carrier reduced weight gain of mycelia by up to 54% of controls. Dichlorvos without DMSO solvent decreased weight gain by only 18%. These pesticides were also tested with and without DMSO (0.5 to 5%) for their effect on the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) in N. rileyi by monitoring transmethylation of 14C-methyl from methionine into phosphatidylcholine (PC). Edifenphos had no effect at 1 ppm, but caused a 45% decrease in 14C incorporation into PC at 10 PPM, and an 89% decrease at 100 PPM. Methyl parathion and dichlorvos decreased incorporation of 14C only at 100 ppm. DMSO at a 5% concentration decreased weight gain of mycelia by 53% but increased 14C labelling of PC by 70%. Methyl parathion and dichlorvos insecticides in combination with DMSO share a mode of action similar to that of the fungicide edifenphos in N. rileyi although expressed to a lesser degree. The action of DMSO, on both mycelial growth and biosynthesis of PC appears different from that of these organophosphates.
EFFECT OF SELECTED CHEMICALS ON NON-SUBERIZED IMPERVIOUS TISSUE (NIT) FORMATION IN FRASER FIR1
Authors: Arthur F. H. , Hain F. P.
Published: September 2017

During the summer of 1983 and 1984, Fraser fir trees at three locations in the southern Appalachians were wounded and treated with napthalene acetic acid (NAA), pectinase and todomatuic acid. The latter two chemicals and an auxin-like compound similar to NAA are associated with balsam woolly adelgid infestations. None of the chemical treatments delayed formation of non-suberized impervious tissue (NIT) at the wound sites. In most cases, NIT formed within 21 - 27 days after wounding, even when not treated.
RESISTANCE IN SWEET POTATOES TO THE SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL, CYLAS FORMICARIUS ELEGANTULUS (SUMMERS)1
Authors: Mullen Michael A. , Jones Alfred , Paterson Donald R. , Boswell Thurman E.
Published: September 2017

Fourteen sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] cultivars and varieties were examined for resistance to the sweetpotato weevil [Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers)] in artificially infested fields in Yoakum, TX. One cultivar W-226, appeared to have a greater level of resistance than the other cultivars examined. The data are compared to earlier resistance trials to show that the germplasm presently available has greater levels of resistance than that in previous years. The resistance levels of “Resisto” and “Regal” for the past 4 years are discussed.
SURVIVAL OF A CARRION BEETLE, NECRODES SURINAMENSIS (COLEOPTERA: SILPHIDAE), ON A DIET OF DEAD FALL ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) LARVAE
Authors: Young Orrey P.
Published: September 2017

In the laboratory, 95 adults of Necrodes surinamensis (F.) were maintained in containers with or without soil, either unfed or offered dead fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)] larvae, and monitored for survival. Significant differences in longevity were demonstrated within the parameters of diet (19.8 days with food, 3.7 d without), sex (13.7 d ♀, 9.9 d ♂), and generation (14.3 d overwintering, 9.3 d spring). No significant differences in longevity were observed between the two types of substrate, or within the group of unfed beetles.

This species is demonstrated to have a wider feeding niche than previously believed and to be potentially vulnerable to entomopathogen and insecticide control programs directed toward lepidopterous larval pests of crops.
PERMETHRIN AS A LONG-TERM PROTECTANT OF WOOLEN FABRIC1
Authors: Bry Roy E. , Lang J. H. , Cail R. S.
Published: September 2017

An aqueous pressurized spray and an oil aerosol formulation of permethrin were used to treat square foot samples of woolen cloth to protect it against fabric pests. Initial protection and protection through 6 months of aging was obtained against feeding damage by larvae of the black carpet beetle, Attagenus unicolor (Brahm), the furniture carpet beetle, Anthrenus flavipes LeConte, and the webbing clothes moth, Tineola bisselliella (Hummel). Additional samples were stored in a dark closet in a room maintained at ca. 24°C for 78 months and the feeding tests were repeated. Both formulations continued to provide a high degree of protection against the above species of fabric insects. Currently, a label is pending at the Environmental Protection Agency with a 6-month claim for protection in storage when applied as directed. However, an extremely high degree of protection may be obtained for several years when treated woolens are stored in the dark.
PATHOGENICITY OF METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE VAR. ANISOPLIAE1 TO MOSQUITO LARVAE
Authors: Mohamed Abdul K. A. , Nelson Fred R. S.
Published: September 2017

Water samples from various mosquito breeding habitats did not have an effect on the efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae isolate E9 when treated in the laboratory against 3rd instar of Culex quinquefasciatus. At the highest dosage rate (5.0 mg), the percent mortality varied from 89.1 ± 4.8 in rice field water to 94.4 ± 4.1 in sewer drainage and open ditch water. In another laboratory test, all field collected instars (89.25% Culex, 8.50% Aedes and 2.25% Psorophora) were found to be highly sensitive to isolate E9. At the 5.0 mg rate the percent mortality ranged from 91.2 ± 2.9 in the 2nd instars to 100.0 in the 3rd instars. There was no significant difference (P = 0.05) in mortality between instars except at the lowest dosage (1.25 mg) where the 4th instar mortality (28.6 ±8.5%) was significantly lower than those of other instars. The LT50 values for the 1st through the 4th instar increased with age and ranged from 1.1 to 1.8, 1.7 to 2.7, and 2.0 to 4.3 days at the 5.0, 2.5 and 1.25 mg dosages, respectively. In a preliminary field test to determine the susceptibility of field collected 3rd instar, up to 97.9 ± 1.8% mortality was recorded at the 800 mg rate.
EFFECTS OF INSECTICIDES APPLIED TO POTTING MEDIA ON OENONOGASTRA MICRORHOPALAE (ASHMEAD)1 PARASITIZATION OF LIRIOMYZA TRIFOLII (BURGESS)2
Authors: Oetting Ronald D.
Published: September 2017

Aldicarb, oxamyl, and disulfoton granules applied to potting media for systemic control of pests of ornamentals did not reduce the percent parasitization of Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) by Oenonogastra microrhopalae (Ashmead). The systemics reduced L. trifolii survival within the plant but not in treated potting media. Oenonogastra microrhopalae parasitization was reduced when mature L. trifolii larvae were placed on potting media treated with aldicarb 10G. The insect growth regulator methoprene, applied as a drench, also reduced L. trifolii emergence and percent O. microrhopalae parasitization when mature leafminer larvae were placed on potting media 2 days before through 6 days following application. Surface sprays of methoprene to clay loam did not affect leafminer or parasite survival.
POPULATION TRENDS AND PRINCIPAL PARASITOIDS OF THE VEGETABLE LEAFMINER, LIRIOMYZA SATIVAE,1 ON TOMATOES IN ALABAMA2
Authors: Chambers G. C. , Kouskolekas C. A.
Published: September 2017

Surveys of the populations and the parasitoids of Liriomyza sativae Blanchard on late-season tomatoes were conducted during two years in two locations of Alabama. Population trends and extent of parasitism were tabulated. Ten species of hymenopterous parasitoids from 4 families were reared from field-collected larvae. The three most prevalent parasitoids and their percent occurrence were: 1) Opius dimidiatus (Ashmead) (Braconidae), 33.3%; 2) Chrysonotomyia sp. (Eulophidae), 20.8%; and 3) Halticoptera sp. (Pteromalidae), 19.5%.
RELEASE AND RECAPTURE-PROBABILITIES OF LABORATORY-ADAPTED AND WILD-TYPE HELIOTHIS VIRESCENS (F.) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) IN PHEROMONE-BAITED TRAPS1
Authors: Ramaswamy Sonny B. , Roush Richard T. , Kitten W. F.
Published: September 2017

Mark-release studies of Heliothis adults assume that internally dyed laboratory-reared males and unmarked feral males are equally likely to be captured in pheromone traps. A series of mark-release studies using two H. virescens strains and the Heliothis backcross hybrid indicate that there are no significant differences between laboratory, field, and backcross genotypes, or internally dyed and undyed moths in capture frequency.
MORTALITY OF GAMMA IRRADIATED LARVAL TRIBOLIUM CONFUSUM SUBJECTED TO VARIOUS GASES OR PHYSICAL STRESSES1
Authors: Tilton E. W. , Vardell H. H. , Jones R. D.
Published: September 2017

Treatment by gamma radiation, cold air, partial vacuum, phosphine, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide have all been proposed to control insects in stored food. There is some evidence that radiation-induced mortality of some insects can be inhibited by these gases, partial vacuum, or cold treatments. Collateral exposure of first-instar larvae of Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val to CO2 and 75 Gy gamma radiation produced a significant reduction in radiation-induced mortality when compared with radiation alone. Mortality produced by gamma radiation simultaneous with treatment by nitrogen, partial vacuum of 3.33 kPa (25 Torr) or cold air (2°) for 30 min., which included radiation time, did not differ significantly from that of gamma radiation alone. The treatments with phosphine and phosphine with gamma radiation did not differ significantly.
COMPARISON OF SOYBEAN LOOPER (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) POPULATIONS IN SOYBEAN AND COTTON/SOYBEAN AGROECOSYSTEMS
Authors: Beach R. Mark , Todd James W.
Published: September 2017

During 3 years, soybean fields in southern Georgia were sampled for larval soybean looper (SBL), Pseudoplusia includens Walker. Soybean fields were sampled from 2 area types: areas in which cotton and soybean were both grown and areas where soybean was grown in the absence of cotton. Average larval density during the 3-year period ranged from 0.5 to 93.9 larvae/50 sweeps in cotton + soybean areas and from 0.0 to 7.1 larvae/50 sweeps in soybean only areas. Populations of SBL larvae were significantly (P=0.05) greater on soybean in cotton + soybean areas as opposed to soybean only areas on the majority of sample dates over the 3 year study. Results of surveys indicate that soybean fields planted near cotton fields are at greater risk of experiencing economically injurious populations of SBL larvae.
VARIABILITY OF GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC AND MANOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS OF CARBON DIOXIDE PRODUCTION AND OXYGEN CONSUMPTION IN THE PLUM CURCULIO, CONOTRACHELUS NENUPHAR (HERBST)1,2
Authors: McGiffen Milton E. , Boyne John V. , Meyer John R. , Blankenship Sylvia M.
Published: September 2017

A gas chromatographic technique for measurement of CO2 production in arthropods is described and used to characterize changes in CO2 production as diapause approaches in plum curculio. Carbon dioxide production was statistically compared to oxygen consumption (as measured by a constant pressure respirometer); variance was less for CO2 production, but both assays found significant differences between long-day and short-day plum curculio. Dry weight was not correlated with either CO2 production or O2 consumption. Carbon dioxide production and O2 consumption were positively correlated.
INFLUENCE OF POST-FELLING TREATMENT OF BIRCH LOGS ON EMERGENCE SUCCESS OF BRONZE BIRCH BORER, AGRILUS ANXIUS, ADULTS (COLEOPTERA: BUPRESTIDAE)1
Authors: Akers Rodney C. , Nielsen David G.
Published: September 2017

European white birch, Betula pendula Roth, bolts infested with bronze birch borer, Agrilus anxius Gory, were subjected to 4 post-felling treatments to delay or expedite adult emergence. Felling date and bolt end treatment significantly influenced beetle emergence density. Fall-felled, unsealed bolts with 1 end standing in water produced few beetles. Although rearing room temperature, relative humidity, and weeks of cold storage did not affect numbers of beetles produced, these factors could be used to expedite or delay beetle emergence. This study demonstrates that infested birch wood can be manipulated to produce bronze birch borer adults for laboratory studies when beetles are not available otherwise.
INCIDENCE OF THE PINEWOOD NEMATODE1 IN A SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE2 INFESTATION IN CENTRAL LOUISIANA
Authors: Kinn D. N.
Published: September 2017

A large infestation of southern pine beetle, (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.), located in central Louisiana, was surveyed for the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) Nickle. Pinewood nematodes were present in 4.2 percent of 94 loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees attacked by D. frontalis and were absent from 101 unattacked trees that surrounded the infestation. Monthly sampling of this infestation revealed an increase in the incidence of nematodes as the season progressed. Samples taken from different heights on beetle infested-boles did not differ significantly in the presence of nematodes.
APPLICATION OF A NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS OF NEODIPRION TAEDAE LINEARIS ROSS ON PINE: PERSISTENCE AND EFFECT OF TIMING ON LARVAL MORTALITY1,2,3
Authors: Young S. Y. , Yearian W. C.
Published: September 2017

The persistence of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) of the loblolly pine sawfly, Neodiprion taedae linearis Ross, on loblolly pine, Pinus taedae L., and the larval mortality in sawfly colonies sprayed from the ground during the egg stage were determined. When sawfly colonies and surrounding foliage on pine were sprayed with NPV one week prior to egg hatch, larval mortality was lower than in colonies treated as first-instar and was similar to mortality in colonies treated as third-instar. Percent larval mortality was not increased by the addition of 3.0% Shade® + 0.1% Trition CS-7 to the NPV suspension sprayed.

Application of NPV at monthly intervals prior to egg hatch to either sawfly egg colonies and surrounding foliage or only to the foliage surrounding colonies resulted in loss of much of the NPV activity during the first month. Application of NPV at the highest rate (107 PIB/ml) to the eggs and surrounding foliage was the only treatment to significantly increase mortality over the untreated check at one and two months prior to egg hatch (P = 0.05).
MICROBIAL CONTROL AND INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
Authors: Lacey Lawrence A. , Harper James D.
Published: September 2017

Although chemical pesticides are still the principle component of pest control efforts, microbial control agents are increasingly becoming useful in IPM programs. This paper reviews the mechanisms through which pathogens could be used in such programs. In general the strategies of introduction (inoculative or inundative), augmentation, and conservation, recognized for achieving biological control of pests with parasites and predators, are applicable to insect pathogens. Examples of these strategies for microbial control agents and their integration with cultural and chemical control methods in agricultural systems and public health programs are presented.
SCALELESS: A DOMINANT AUTOSOMAL MUTANT OF THE BOLL WEEVIL
Authors: Villavaso Eric J.
Published: September 2017

A new mutant of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, is described. Weevils carrying the dominant autosomal mutation, scaleless, have very few or no scales on the elytra, but many have the normal line of scales on the dorsal surface of the prothorax. A few individuals may have up to 30% of the amount of scales exhibited by normally scaled weevils, and some individuals are entirely scaleless.
THE MATING STATUS OF SPRUCE BUDWORM MALES, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), CAUGHT IN PHEROMONE-BAITED TRAPS
Authors: Bergh J. Chris , Seabrook William D.
Published: September 2017

The mating status of recently-mated male spruce budworm moths, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), caught in traps baited with five different treatments was indexed. During two sampling periods at two test sites both virgin and mated C. fumiferana males were trapped. Significantly more unmated males were captured early in the flight season. There was no significant difference between the proportion of mated and unmated males caught near the end of the flight season. Within sampling periods and sites there were not significant differences among treatments in the proportion of mated males captured nor were these proportions significantly different within sampling periods and between sites. Within sites and between sampling periods the proportion of mated males captured was significantly different, with more mated males being trapped during the later sampling period. The four lepidopteran species for which methodologies have been developed for indexing male mating status are compared with respect to the nature and behaviour of the colored ejaculatory duct fluids that are used as markers of mating history. Current limitations of the method are discussed and possible solutions to these are suggested.
EVALUATION OF DEWINGED SPINED SOLDIER BUGS, PODISUS MACULIVENTRIS (SAY),1 FOR LONGEVITY AND SUPPRESSION OF THE MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE, EPILACHNA VARIVESTIS MULSANT,2 ON SNAPBEANS
Authors: Lambdin P. L. , Baker A. M.
Published: September 2017

No significant differences (P = 0.05) were indicated among mean longevities for dewinged adult females of the spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris (Say), compared with a control group in the laboratory. In field studies, eggs were recovered throughout the test period on snapbeans where dewinged females were released at the rates of 1, 5, or 10 adult females/3.1 m plots. Significantly (P = 0.05) fewer Mexican bean beetle larvae, (Epilachna varivestis Mulsant), were found on plants treated with releases of the predator for the 21 d period. Also, higher yields of snapbeans were obtained in those treatments with the two highest predator release rates (5 and 10 adult females/plot).