bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theopreneurship
Authors: Sudibjo Kusman
Published: September 2018

SUDIBJO.Theopreneurship Berdasarkan Kitab Ulangan 8:18, (Studi Eksplanatori di Gereja Bethel Indonesia Rayon IV Medan ). Tesis. Sorong: Program Pascasarjana UKIP, 2012.197.Kehidupan entrepreneur Kristen pada umumnya berada dalam dua sisi kehidupan yaitu kehidupan di dunia Gereja sebagai jemaat atau pengerja dan marketplace tempat berusaha dan bekerja untuk dirinya. Output yang diperoleh berupa Kekayaan, Harta dan Berkat menjadi milik para entrepreneur tanpa disadari bahwa apa yang diperoleh adalah merupakan campur tangan Tuhan yang memberikan kuasa bagi umatNYA untuk memperoleh Kekayaan.Penerapan entreprenurship berdasarkan prinsip Alkitabiah menjadi suatu keharusan bagi para entrepreneur Kristen dimana Tuhan tidak memberikan Kekayaan tapi Kuasa untuk memperoleh Kekayaan tersebut agar dapat dikelola untuk memuliakan nama Tuhan. Penulis mengadakan penelitian terhadap Pemahaman Para Pengerja Gereja Bethel Indonesia Rayon IV Medan akan Theopreneurship yang merupakan kombinasi antara Entrepreneurship dan Prinsip Alkitabiah.Pemahaman akan Theoprenurship ini akan memberi dorongan bagi para Pengerja di Gereja Bethel Indonesia Rayon IV Medan untuk memiliki paradigma bahwa mereka diberkati untuk memberkati dan memposisikan Tuhan sebagai pusat kegiatan mereka sehari-hari sehingga rencana Tuhan digenapi dalam kehidupan mereka dan mempengaruhi marketplace dimana mereka berada.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (a)Bagaimana Kecenderungan Pengerja dalam hal Memahami dan Menerapkan Theopreneurship dalam usaha mereka dan (b) Indikator yang paling dominan menentukan terbentuknya Pemahaman yang benar tentang Theopreneurship.
Perceptual sensitivity is modulated by what others can see
Authors: Seow Tricia Xing Fang , Fleming Stephen M
Published: September 2018

Previous work has established that social cues such as the direction of others’ gaze or perspective on a scene may influence one’s own perceptual judgments. However up until now it has remained unclear whether such influences are exerted at a perceptual or decisional locus, as most previous studies have used response times as their primary dependent measure. Here we asked whether perceptual sensitivity is also dependent on social cues. To test this hypothesis, we asked participants to evaluate whether low-contrast Gabor patterns embedded in noise were visible from either their own or an avatar’s perspective (a level 1 visual perspective-taking task). Across three experiments, we found observers’ detection performance was increased if an avatar also shared perception of the stimulus location. By leveraging signal detection modelling we show that this effect is driven by a change in perceptual sensitivity (d'), independent of decisional or response interference. Furthermore, by “blindfolding” the avatar we show that the boosting effect of shared perception on detection sensitivity is only obtained when the participant believes the avatar can also see the stimulus, ruling out an influence of low-level directional cues. We interpret these results within a framework in which the avatar’s perspective boosts top-down spatial attention by prioritising particular spatial locations at which perception is shared. In summary, we reveal that perceptual sensitivity is modulated by the perspective of others.
Wheel Model: an exposition of competition and cooperation
Authors: Lin Jinwei
Published: September 2018

Competition and cooperation are not opposite, but competition and cooperation are closely related. Competition and cooperation are two very important driving forces for the evolution of natural organisms and the development of human civilization. Since the birth of humans, competition and cooperation have always been accompanied by human existence. This paper starts from the introduction of the earth, the universe, human civilization, and the formation of the natural world. This paper expounds that competition and cooperation are the basic principles of nature, and competition and cooperation are not opposite. Then the paper focuses on the relationship between competition and cooperation in human society. Then the wheel model is established. The wheel model is an inductive model. It can be used to vividly describe the relationship between competition and cooperation. In order to better explain the philosophical principle of the wheel model, the basic principle of the wheel model is explained by introducing the circular motion in physics, the collision of the matter principle and the atomic energy level. Then two common examples are given to illustrate the application of the wheel model. Finally, the conclusion and analysis are given.
Professor Upendra Prasad Devkota MBBS, FRCS, FNAMS (1953-2018)
Authors: Roka Yam Bahadur
Published: September 2018

Not available.Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 15:1-1, 2018
The Systemic Review of CV Junction Tuberculosis
Authors: Teegala Ramesh
Published: September 2018

Not available.Nepal Journal of Neurosciences 15:3-10, 2018
Contoured Loop and Modified Wiring Technique for occipitocervical Fixation - A Safe and Efficacious Option
Authors: Shrestha Shikher , Bishokarma Suresh , Devkota Upendra Prasad
Published: September 2018

To study the safety and efficacy of contoured loop and modified wiring techniques for occipitocervical fixation.  Retrospective study among 15 patients who underwent occipitocervical fixation from Jan 2011-16 were reviewed. Contoured loop was wired at 2 points in occiput and 4 different points, 2 on either side to percutaneously passed K wire through the spino laminar junctions of C2 and C3. Additional fusion with on lay autologous graft from either iliac crest or ribs was done. Various parameters studied were patient’s demography, causes of instability, change in neurological function, complications and radiographic outcome. Six had basilar in vagination, 4 had traumatic atlantoaxial subluxation, 4 had osodontoidium and 1 had Rheumatoid arthropathy. There was improvement in Frankel grade from C to D in 6 and from D to E in 5 patients. Radiological union at 6 months was observed in all 15 cases. Two patients had surgical site infection. Dislodgement of K wire was found in 4 cases (26.66%) by which time radiological union had already taken place. The approximate cost of instrumentation was 100 dollars for each patient.Conclusions. Contoured rod and modified wiring occipitocervical fixation technique are relatively a safe, cheap and technically easy alternative for the management of occipitocervical instability.
Initial experience with aneurysm coiling in Nepal
Authors: Rajbhandari Pravesh , Neupane Anish , Rajbhandari Saujanya , Shrestha Pranaya , Acharya Samir , Shrestha Resha , Rajbhandari Reema , Sharma Avinash , Upadhya Sagar , Dhungel Pragya , Matin Tariq , Pant Basant
Published: September 2018

The aim of this study is to show the result of aneurysm coiling despite the difficulty in initiating neurointervention in Nepal. It is a retrospective study where only aneurysm that has undergone coiling are taken from 2017 to 2018.A total of eleven patients (male: female = 1: 10) with aneurysm were treated with Endovascular therapy. 9 cases were ruptured aneurysm while 3 were unruptured. 5 aneurysm were located in anterior circulation while 6 were located in posterior circulation. Out of eleven cases 4 were treated by simple coiling technique, while 2 underwent balloon assisted coiling, 3 stent assisted coiling, 1 pConus assisted coiling and 1 simple coiling and stent assisted coiling. Statistical analysis showed significant correlation between fisher grading scale with mRS score (P=0.013) suggesting lower fisher grade, and improved outcome similar to the result of prospective one year follow up of Barrow Ruptured Aneurysm Trial ( BRAT) study. With limited resources aneurysm coiling was performed at ANIAS with similar results to literature.Nepal Journal of Neuroscience, Volume 15, Number 2, 2018, page: 30-35
Transvenous Coil Embolization for Dural Arteriovenous Fistula of the Anterior Condylar Confluence – a Case Report
Authors: Bohara Manoj , Teranishi Kosuke , Yatomi Kenji , Fujii Takashi , Kitamura Takayuki , Yamamoto Munetaka , Oishi Hidenori
Published: September 2018

Dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) of the anterior condylar confluence (ACC) is a rare entity accounting for about 3.6% of all DAVFs. We report on a 63-year-old male patient who presented with pulsatile tinnitus. Angiography revealed a DAVF supplied mainly by neuromeningeal branches of bilateral ascending pharyngeal arteries and draining into the ACC. Transvenous transjugular coil embolization was performed resulting in complete obliteration of the fistula and resolution of the symptoms. Due to the complexity of this venous structure at the skull base, detailed angiographic study is crucial for proper therapeutic planning and management of the patient. We here discuss the clinico-radiological features and various treatment modalities of the ACC DAVF.Nepal Journal of Neuroscience, Volume 15, Number 2, 2018, page: 41-44
COMPORTAMENTO DO VIGOR FOLIAR EM SERINGUEIRA EM DIFERENTES FENOLOGIAS DE DOSSEL
Authors: Pezzoni Filho José Carlos , Filgueiras Roberto , Lessa Luis Gustavo Frediani , Leda Victor Costa , Zimback Célia Regina Lopes , Furtado Edson Luiz
Published: September 2018

O vigor foliar da seringueira demonstra variação durante o ano, refletindo fases fenológicas que influenciam na produção de látex, além de períodos suscetíveis à doenças e pragas. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o vigor foliar dos clones GT 1 e RRIM 600 em abril e; em agosto, setembro e outubro, no município de Itiquira – MT, com clima classificado como Aw. Foram avaliados os vigores dos clones GT 1 e RRIM 600 em abril e; em agosto, setembro e outubro, meses precedente a desfolha anual e posterior a reenfolha natural, respectivamente. O vigor foliar foi avaliado baseado no Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada (NDVI) de imagens do satélite Landsat 5, onde suas médias foram avaliadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade, com Delineamento em Blocos Casualizados e dois tratamentos (clones). Na análise, os dois clones apresentaram NDVI em abril com vigor foliar médio, ocorrendo diferença nas médias de NDVI, com maior no RRIM 600. Entre agosto e outubro o vigor foi alto, sem diferença entre o NDVI médio destes clones. O clone GT 1 com idade superior aos 19 anos demonstrou mudança de fenologia foliar em abril. O clone RRIM 600, posterior aos 17 ou 18 anos, demonstrou início de mudança fenológica das folhas em abril.Palavras-chave: Hevea brasiliensis, índice de vegetação, desfolha natural, fenologia. BEHAVIOR OF THE FOLIAR VIGOR IN SERINGUEIRA IN DIFFERENT PHENOLOGICAL PERIODS ABSTRACT:The leaf vigor of the rubber tree shows variation during the year, reflecting phenological phases that influence the production of latex, in addition to periods susceptible to diseases and pests. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the foliar vigor of clones GT 1 and RRIM 600 in April and; in August, September and October, in the municipality of Itiquira – MT, with climate classified as Aw. The vigores of clones GT 1 and RRIM 600 were evaluated in April and; in August, September and October, months preceding the annual defoliation and subsequent to natural refoliation, respectively. The foliar vigor was evaluated based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Landsat 5 satellite images where its averages were evaluated by Tukey test at 5% probability, with a randomized block design and two treatments (clones). In the analysis the two clones presented NDVI in April with average leaf vigor, occurring difference in NDVI means, with greater in RRIM 600. Between August and October the vigor was high, with no difference between the mean NDVI of these clones. Clone GT 1 older than 19 years showed a change of foliar phenology in April. The RRIM 600 clone, after the age of 17 or 18 years, it showed the beginning of phenological change of leaves in April.Keywords: Hevea brasiliensis, NDVI, natural defoliation, phenology.
BIOMASS EQUATIONS FOR CAATINGA SPECIES
Authors: Dalla Lana Mayara , Caraciolo Ferreira Rinaldo Luiz , Aleixo da Silva José Antônio , Pereira Duda Gustavo , Lins e Silva Brandão Carlos Frederico , Da Silva Anderson Francisco
Published: September 2018

EQUAÇÕES DE BIOMASSA PARA ESPÉCIES DA CAATINGA O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar as proporções de fuste, galhos e folhas em relação a biomassa total seca acima do solo e ajustar modelos estatísticos para estimativa da biomassa das principais espécies arbustivo-arbóreas em uma área de Caatinga. O número de indivíduos abatidos e com a biomassa aérea total determinada foi de 15 para Anadenanthera colubrina, Aspidosperma pyrifolium, Cnidoscolus quercifolius, Mimosa ophthalmocentra, Mimosa tenuiflora, Poincianella bracteosa e, de 30 para Bauhinia cheilantha e Croton heliotropiifolius. Para ajuste dos modelos foram utilizados os dados de biomassa total seca acima do solo coletados como variável dependente e as variáveis independentes foram o diâmetro à altura do peito e a altura total dos indivíduos por espécie. Foram testados oito modelos para cada uma das espécies e para todas as espécies agrupadas. Para a seleção da melhor equação utilizou-se os tradicionais critérios estatísticos. As proporções de biomassa das espécies foram quantificadas, tanto para os seus compartimentos, quanto para o total e apresentaram uma grande variação entre espécies e indivíduos da mesma espécie. Equações de biomassa aérea seca foram ajustadas com boas estatísticas de precisão, podendo ser utilizadas para a sua estimativa de biomassa de maneira confiável em regiões de Caatinga.Palavras-chave: Análise de regressão, diâmetro à altura do peito, altura total. ABSTRACT:The objective of this work was to determine the proportions of stem, branches and leaves in relation to total dry aboveground biomass and adjust statistical models to estimate the biomass of the main species in an area of Caatinga. The number of trees cut and with the determined total aboveground biomass was 15 for Anadenanthera colubrina, Aspidosperma pyrifolium, Cnidoscolus quercifolius, Mimosa ophthalmocentra, Mimosa tenuiflora, and Poincianella bracteosa, and 30 for Bauhinia cheilantha and Croton heliotropiifolius. The data of total dry aboveground biomass were used as dependent variables and the diameter at breast height and total height of individuals per species were used as the independent variables for adjusting the models. Eight models were tested for each species and for all grouped species. Traditional statistical criteria was used for selecting the best equation. The proportions of the species were quantified for both their biomass compartments and for the total biomass, showing great variation between species and individuals of the same species. Dry aboveground biomass equations were developed with good precision statistics and can therefore be used for estimating biomass in Caatinga regions.Keywords: Regression analysis, diameter at breast height, total height.
PREÇO MÍNIMO DE VENDA DA MADEIRA DE EUCALIPTO PARA OS SEGMENTOS DE CARVÃO E SERRARIA
Authors: Freitas Luis Carlos de , Prado Wilmerson Bernardino , Virgens Aline Pereira das , Luz Danusia Silva , Moreira Ana Carolina Dantas
Published: September 2018

Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar o preço mínimo de venda de madeira de eucalipto com reflorestamentos destinados aos segmentos de carvão e serraria. O preço mínimo foi determinado através dos dados de custos e receitas dos empreendimentos. Os custos dos projetos foram descontados para o ano zero, somados e igualados a receita, também descontada para o ano zero.  A receita foi expressa pelo produto do Incremento Médio Anual, idade de corte, e preço mínimo de venda da madeira. Foram obtidos os seguintes preços mínimos de venda para madeira: carvão (R$ 38,44 para madeira em pé e R$ 55,39 para madeira empilhada); serraria (R$ 29,76 para madeira em pé e R$57,71 para madeira empilhada). Os valores encontrados foram inferiores ao preço de mercado, evidenciando que o custo de produção da madeira foi totalmente assegurado pelo seu preço de venda, proporcionando ainda um adicional de receita para cada metro cúbico comercializado. A análise de sensibilidade mostrou grande influência da taxa de juros no preço mínimo de venda da madeira, diferentemente do que foi observado para o custo anual de arrendamento da terra. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram importância ao nortear produtores florestais em relação aos preços de comercialização de produtos.Palavras-chave: planejamento econômico, projetos florestais, custo de madeira. MINIMUM SALE PRICE OF EUCALYPT TIMBER CONSIDERING REFORESTATION TO VEGETAL COAL PRODUCTION AND SAWMILL ABSTRACT:The objective of this study was to evaluate the minimum selling price of eucalyptus wood with reforestation for the coal and sawmill segments. The minimum price was determined by the cost and revenue data of the projects. Project costs were discounted for year zero, plus and equal to revenue, also discounted for year zero. Revenue was expressed as the product of the Annual Average Increase, age of cut, and minimum selling price of the wood. The following minimum selling prices were obtained for wood: coal (R $ 38.44 for standing timber and R $ 55.39 for stacked timber); (R $ 29.76 for standing timber and R $ 57.71 for timber stacked). The values found were lower than the market price, evidencing that the cost of production of the wood was fully assured by its selling price, also providing an additional revenue for each cubic meter marketed. The sensitivity analysis showed a large influence of the interest rate on the minimum selling price of the wood, unlike what was observed for the annual cost of renting the land. The results of the survey show importance when guiding forest producers in relation to the prices of products commercialization.Keywords: economic planning, forestry projects, timber cost.
EFEITO DE FUNGICIDAS NO CAFEEIRO CONILON
Authors: Herzog Thaisa Thomazini , E Silva Bruno Sérgio Oliveira , Da Silva Marcelo Barreto , Partelli Fábio Luiz , De Souza Antônio Fernando
Published: September 2018

O objetivo foi avaliar o efeito de fungicidas no controle da ferrugem, no crescimento vegetativo e reprodutivo do café conilon. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições (duas aplicações de piraclostrobina e epoxiconazol + boscalida e duas aplicações de piraclostrobina e epoxiconazol - T1; três aplicações de piraclostrobina e epoxiconazol - T2; três de piraclostrobina, epoxiconazol e fluxapiroxade - T3; três de epoxiconazol - T4 e três de piraclostrobina - T5 e, sem aplicação de fungicida - T6). Foram realizadas avaliações do progresso da ferrugem do cafeeiro; do crescimento de ramos, número de nós por ramo e comprimento dos internódios; índice relativo de clorofila; número médio de rosetas com frutos, de frutos por ramo e de frutos por roseta; uniformidade de maturação dos frutos; porcentagem de frutos chochos, peso dos frutos e produtividade. Com base nos resultados obtidos no trabalho, concluiu-se que a aplicação com epoxiconazol proporcionou menor crescimento acumulado e número de nós por ramo plagiotrópico e menor número de rosetas com frutos. Os tratamentos com piraclostrobina influenciaram positivamente os índices relativo de clorofila e proporcionaram valores inferiores da relação clorofila a/b. Não houve efeito dos produtos na cultura do café conilon nas demais variáveis monitoradas.Palavras-chave: Coffea canephora, estrobilurinas, Hemileia vastatrix, respostas fisiológicas, triazóis. EFFECT OF FUNGICIDES ON CONILON COFFEE ABSTRACT:The aim of it was evaluate the effect of fungicides in control of rust, vegetative growth and reproductive conilon coffee. The experiment was design in radom blocks with six treatments and four replicates (two applications of pyraclostrobin and epoxiconazole + boscalid and two applications of pyraclostrobin and epoxiconazole - T1; three applications of pyraclostrobin and epoxiconazole – T2; three of pyraclostrobin, epoxiconazole and fluxapyroxad - T3; three of epoxiconazole - T4 and three of pyraclostrobin - T5 and, without application of fungicide - T6) and four replicates. Evaluations of rust progress were carried out; growth of branches, number of nodes per branch and length of internodes; relative index of chlorophyll; average number of rosettes with fruits, fruits per branch and fruits per rosette and productivity. Based on the results obtained in the work, it was concluded that the application with epoxiconazole provided lower cumulative growth and number of nodes per plagiotropic branch, and lower number of rosettes with fruits. The treatments with pyraclostrobin positively influenced the relative chlorophyll indices and provided lower values of the chlorophyll a/b ratio. There was no effect of the products in conilon coffee culture in the other monitored variables.Keywords: Coffea canephora, strobilurins, Hemileia vastatrix, physiological responses, triazoles.
PROPRIEDADES TECNOLÓGICAS DA MADEIRA DE EUCALIPTO SUBMETIDA AO TRATAMENTO TÉRMICO
Authors: Juizo Claudio Gumane Francisco , Zen Lineia Roberta , Klitzke Walderson , França Morgana Cristina , Cremonez Vitor Gonçalves , Klitzke Ricardo Jorge
Published: September 2018

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar as propriedades tecnológicas da madeira de Eucalyptus sp tratada termicamente. Foram utilizadas amostras de madeira previamente secas até 12% de umidade, as quais foram separadas em cinco tratamentos, sendo um testemunha e quatro condições de exposição sob elevadas temperaturas e tempo, utilizando um forno cerâmico. As amostras foram separadas para avaliação das propriedades químicas, físicas e mecânicas. Nos resultados obtidos, observou-se decréscimo do teor de extrativos totais e holoceluloses, enquanto o teor de lignina de Klason aumentou com a temperatura e tempo de exposição. Da mesma forma, os tratamentos térmicos causaram acréscimo da perda de massa e da efetiva repelência de água, com redução da massa específica aparente, taxa de absorção de água e higroscopicidade da madeira. Na resistência das peças verificou-se aumento do módulo de elasticidade (MOE) e diminuição do modulo de ruptura (MOR) com aplicação de tratamentos térmicos. Na compressão paralela verificou-se aumento do MOE e MOR nas peças tratadas, servindo de parâmetros para possibilidades de uso estrutural da madeira até ao estado limite último. A tensão de Dureza Janka decresceu com aplicação dos tratamentos térmicos limitando a utilização dos mesmos em projetos que requerem maior resistência na superfície.Palavras-chave: Temperatura, Propriedades químicas, Propriedades físicas, Propriedades mecânicas. TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE EUCALYPTUS WOOD UNDER THE HEAT TREATMENT  ABSTRACT:This work aimed to evaluate the technological properties of the heat treated wood of Eucalyptus sp. Were used wood samples Pre-dried up to 12% of moisture, which were separated into five treatments, one control and four diferente exposure conditions under high temperatures and time using a ceramic kiln. The samples were separated for evaluation of chemical, physical and mechanical properties. In the obtained results there was a decrease in total extractive and holocelluloses contents, while the Klason lignin content increased with the temperature and exposure times. In the same way, the heat treatments caused an increase of the mass loss and the effective water repellency with reduction of the apparent specific gravity, rate of water absorption and hygroscopicity of the wood. In the resistance of the pieces, the modulus of elasticity (MOE) was increased and the modulus of rupture (MOR) was reduced under the heat treatments. In the Parallel compression was verified increasing of MOE and MOR of the heat treated samples, serving as parameters for possibilities of structural use of the wood up to the last limit condition. The Janka hardness tensile decreased with the application of heat treatments, limiting the use of the wood in projects that require higher surface resistance.Keywords: temperature, chemical properties, physical properties, mechanical properties.
ANÁLISE TEMPORAL DA OCORRÊNCIA DE INCÊNDIOS FLORESTAIS NAS AMÉRICAS E REGIÃO DO CARIBE
Authors: Silva Elaine Cristina Gomes , Fiedler Nilton Cesar , Juvanhol Ronie Silva , Silva Gabriel Mancini Antunes , Neves Felipe Patricio
Published: September 2018

Com as mudanças climáticas ocorridas nas últimas décadas e com longos períodos de estiagem, as chances de ocorrências de fogo com maior frequência e intensidade, aumentam e, sem o devido controle, acabam ocasionando grandes incêndios florestais. Como consequência, pode haver elevados prejuízos ao meio ambiente e à sociedade. Sabendo da importância das estatísticas sobre incêndios florestais, objetivou-se nesta pesquisa, analisar dados estatísticos publicados pela Food and Agriculture Organizacion of the United Nations – FAO, sobre as principais causas, ocorrências e áreas queimadas nas Américas do Norte, Central, Sul e Região do Caribe, no período de 1990 a 2004. Os dados foram tabulados de diferentes maneiras, a fim de produzir uma estatística única, de acordo com a série temporal proposta. Os países da América Central e Caribe são os que menos apresentaram dados disponíveis enquanto que, os Estados Unidos é o que apresenta maior base de dados estatísticos. Os resultados mostraram que a América do Sul tem as maiores médias, em comparação com as demais regiões, os Estados Unidos têm o maior quantitativo de ocorrências, existe forte influência de fenômenos como El Ninõ e que as atividades humanas foram responsáveis pela grande maioria das ocorrências de incêndios florestais.Palavras-chave: proteção florestal, fogo, estiagem. TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF THE OCCURRENCE OF FOREST FIRES IN THE AMERICAS AND THE CARIBBEAN REGION ABSTRACT:With the climatic changes that occurred in the last decades and with long periods of drought, the chances of occurrences of fire with more frequency and intensity, increase and, without proper control, end up causing forest fires. As a consequence, there can be great damage to the environment and to society. The objective of this research was to analyze statistical data published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) on the main causes, occurrences and areas burned in North, Central, South and Central America of the Caribbean, from 1990 to 2004. Data were tabulated in different ways to produce a single statistic, according to the proposed time series. Central American and Caribbean countries are the least likely to have available data, while the United States has the largest statistical data base. The results showed that South America has the highest averages compared to the other regions, the United States has the highest number of occurrences, there is a strong influence of phenomena such as El Nino and that human activities were responsible for the great majority of forest fires.Keywords: forest protection, fire, drought.
COMPOSIÇÃO FLORÍSTICA, DIVERSIDADE E ESTRUTURA DA VEGETAÇÃO ARBÓREO-ARBUSTIVA DE CAATINGA SOB SISTEMAS SILVICULTURAIS
Authors: Lucena Marcelo Silva de , Alves Allyson Rocha , Bakke Ivonete Alves
Published: September 2018

O presente artigo visou investigar a composição florística, diversidade e parâmetros estruturais proporcionados por quatro sistemas silviculturais à vegetação arbóreo-arbustiva de Caatinga em dois locais contíguos. Um deles está localizado na Estação Ecológica do Seridó (EES); o outro na Fazenda Pedro Cândido (FPC); os dois situados em Serra Negra do Norte-RN. Os sistemas silviculturais foram: corte raso; corte seletivo (diâmetro na base – DNB > 8 cm); corte raso com queima dos resíduos da colheita; corte raso com queima dos resíduos da colheita e destoca do caule. Mediu-se em cada área 16 parcelas, com inclusão de indivíduos com CAP>6 cm. Determinou-se: composição florística, riqueza de espécies, diversidade, densidade de fustes, dominância absoluta, IP e IMA (1989-2016). Comparou-se a diversidade (J’) pelo teste de Tukey (P < 0,05). A riqueza de espécies apresentou condições semelhantes às da época da instalação do experimento. A grande abundância de algumas espécies contribuiu para a redução da diversidade medida pelo Índice de Shannon-Weaver, em relação a 1989. Os incrementos proporcionados pelos sistemas silviculturais variaram conforme a área, com tendência de redução do ritmo de crescimento em ambas. O tempo de regeneração (27 anos) não foi suficiente para a restauração integral da dominância absoluta.Palavras-chave: estrutura florestal, restauração florestal, regeneração natural, semiárido. FLORISTIC COMPOSITION, DIVERSITY AND STRUCTURE OF SHRUB-ARBOREAL VEGETATION OF CAATINGA UNDER SILVICULTURAL SYSTEMS  ABSTRACT:This work aimed to investigate the floristic composition, the diversity and structural parameters provided by four silvicultural systems to arboreal-shrub vegetation in two areas Caatinga. The first area is in the Seridó Ecological Station (SES) and the second is on Pedro Cândido Farm (PCF), in the county of Serra Negra do Norte-RN. The silvicultural systems used were: general cut; selective cut of individuals with base circumference > 8 cm; general cut of all individuals and subsequent burning of crop residues; general cut with subsequent burning of crop residues and removal of stem from soil. It was determined: floristic composition, species richness, diversity, density of stems, absolute dominance, periodic increase and average annual increment (1989-2016). The diversity (J ') was compared by Tukey's test (P < 0,05). The species richness presented conditions similar to those at the time of the installation of the experiment. The greater abundance of some species contributed to the reduction of diversity measured by the Shannon-Weaver Index, in relation to 1989. The increases provided by silvicultural systems varied according to the area, with tendency to reduce of rate the growth in both. The regeneration time (27 years) was not sufficient for the complete restoration of absolute dominance.Keywords: forestry structure, forest restoration, natural regeneration, semiarid.
PRECONDITIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN UKRAINE
Authors: Sarajeva I.N. , Nosova N.I.
Published: September 2018

The article is analyzed the existing innovation potential of enterprises in Ukraine in the light of international ratings. It is shown that its level is quite sufficient for the development of technological entrepreneurship and the formation of entrepreneurial ecosystems. At the same time, in Ukraine there is no effective state policy that contributes to the formation of an innovative business infrastructure. Financial, tax, credit incentives for the development of innovation and technology transfer are not working. Mechanisms of protection of intellectual property are inefficient. The system of supporting venture financing is not developing; there are no incentives for attracting private business funds to carry out research and development. Certain structural elements of the innovation system exist, for example, technoparks, venture companies and others, but they are a set of rather heterogeneous elements and therefore generally do not play a significant role in the implementation of innovative projects. The main guidelines of the State and regional policy should be: improvement of legislation in the field of innovative entrepreneurship and mechanisms for its financing, encouraging the opening of small innovative enterprises in universities, the formation of new infrastructure components of the innovation system, in particular, services to promote innovative products to international markets; development of investment and management consulting institutes in the sphere of innovative entrepreneurship, stimulation of stable demand for high-tech products and on the innovative companies with all their developments and intellectual property.
METHODICAL APPROACHES TO THE PROVISION OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT BASED ON IMPLEMENTATION OF IFRS
Authors: Tikhonova I.M.
Published: September 2018

The essence of the accounting process at enterprises as the basis for the management function is determined. The conceptual bases of formation of a methodical approach to management of development of industrial enterprise on the basis of implementation of principles, methods and procedures of International financial reporting standards are considered, the main of which is the principle of professional judgment and the definition of essence of economic processes on the basis of qualified subjective assessment. The main purpose of the study is to determine the essence of the accounting process at enterprises as the basis for the management function, to determine the basis for the formation of a methodical approach to the management of the development of an industrial enterprise on the basis of the implementation of the principles, methods and procedures of the International Financial Reporting Standards, the main of which is the principle of professional judgment and Definition of the essence of economic processes on the basis of qualified subjective evaluation. The proposed methodological approach to the organization of enterprise development management with the help of accounting and analytical procedures is to adhere to the concept of the maximum possible use of professional judgment and accurate display of information on economic activity in accounting and reporting, as well as in managing the expenditure of financial and material resources in accordance with strategic and operational. Plans drawn up in accordance with the provisions and requirements of the order on the accounting policies of the enterprise. All formal requirements for the handling of assets and their reflection in the accounts should be reflected and recorded in the order of the accounting policy of the enterprise, it is due to it it will be possible to apply all conceptual approaches to managing the development of an industrial enterprise on the basis of the implementation of IFRS. Specific approaches to accounting and management of economic assets that are reflected in the order on accounting policies will be implemented in business practice based on strategic and operational development plans that will have a structure characterized by a mixed type of organization, namely: the stages of implementation, production and the recognition of incomes and expenses will be made up and executed by the corresponding budgets, and in the future, based on data from such budgets, management plans will be drawn up for individual Am assets, liabilities, equity, revenues, expenses, financial results, assets, reserves and provisions.
Maharishi Ayurveda
Authors: Rawlings Felicity
Published: September 2018

Ayurveda is the traditional health system of India. Maharishi Ayurveda is the restoration of Ayurveda in a system adapted for universal application in the modern world. This article explores the parallels between the writings on health and healing, and the principles of Maharishi Ayurveda. After an introduction to Ayurveda, the article provides a comparative assessment of the understanding of homeostasis, pathogeny, and the mind-body relationship. It then outlines some of the therapeutic strategies of Maharishi Ayurveda and examines how they correspond to the Bahá’í writings on healing. The article does not purport to be a comprehensive discourse on Maharishi Ayurveda. It is, rather, a layperson’s brief exploration from a Bahá’í perspective. It is neither attempted nor indeed possible to include all the pertinent Bahá’í writings, as are voluminous and transcend the scope of this article.

This paper was originally delivered at the New Zealand Studies Conference, Palmerston North, January 3–4,1992. Grateful acknowledgment is made for permission to reprint excerpts from Perfect Health by Deepak Chopra, © 1990 Deepak Chopra. Reprinted by permission of Harmony Books, a division of Crown Publishers, Inc. This presentation of Maharishi Ayurveda primarily aims to show the close relation of the theoretical framework of Maharishi Ayurveda to the Bahá’í writings. The article does not advocate Maharishi Ayurveda as a Bahá’í medicine. Neither does it advocate Transcendental Meditation as a Bahá’í technique. While the author practises the Maharishi Ayurveda regimen, she does not have any commercial interest in Maharishi Ayurveda or any formal affiliation with its organizations.
Review of Prophecies of Jesus by Michael W. Sours
Authors: Buck Christopher
Published: September 2018

Book Review
Three Teaching Methods Used during North America’s First Seven-Year Plan
Authors: Dahl Roger
Published: September 2018

Not much research has been conducted on teaching methods used by American Bahá’ís to tell people about the Bahá’í Faith. This article explains three different teaching methods used to accomplish the homefront local spiritual assembly goals during the first Seven-Year Plan (1937–1944) in North America. The first two methods, firesides and teaching campaigns, had been evolving during the early 1930s. The third, pioneer settlements, was not used systematically until the Seven-Year Plan. Because many of the spiritual assembly goals were in the South, the difficulties caused by the race question influenced but did not radically change the teaching methods.
Notes on the Bábí and Bahá’í Religions in Russia and its Territories
Authors: Hassall Graham
Published: September 2018

The impact of the emergence of the Bábí and Bahá’í religions in nineteenth-century Iran was almost immediately felt in neighboring countries, including Russia and the territories under Russian rule. Those who followed these movements most closely were diplomats, academics, and intellectuals. Bahá’í communities emerged in Russia mostly through Persian migration. Despite their suppression during Soviet rule, scattered remnants of these communities survived until recent political and social changes in the former Soviet Union allowed their full reemergence. This phenomenon of persecution followed by emancipation was alluded to in the writings of Shoghi Effendi from the 1920s.
Scientific Proof of the Existence of God
Authors: Hatcher William
Published: September 2018

Of the various systems that we can actually observe in the physical world, some (e.g., the movement of small dust particles suspended in the air) appear to be perfectly random (or chaotic); whereas, others (e.g., the growth of leaved plants) exhibit a high degree of order and structure. Whenever scientists encounter a phenomenon or system that exhibits a significant evolution towards order, but without any observable reason for such movement, they suspect the cause to be the objective action of some unseen force (e.g., the unseen force of gravity that, in the presence of a large mass like the earth, causes the persistent downward movement of unsupported objects). Using this method, modern physics has now validated the existence of at least four basic forces (gravity, the strong and the weak nuclear forces, and electromagnetic force), and continues to examine the possibility that other, hitherto undetected, forces may exist. In 1921 ‘Abdu’l-Bahá presented a cogent scientific argument for the existence of an objective, unseen force as the only reasonable explanation for the phenomenon of biological evolution. In the years since ‘Abdu’l-Bahá’s proof was first published, the findings of science have tended to show that, indeed, the phenomenon of evolution represents a persistent movement from disorder towards order of the kind that strongly suggests the action of some unobservable force different from all other forces so far discovered. In this article, we present a somewhat detailed reformulation of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá’s argument using certain contemporary scientific terms that were not current at the time ‘Abdu’l-Bahá wrote.
Is the Bahá’í Faith a World Religion?
Authors: Fazel S
Published: September 2018

This article will explore some of the issues involved in the sociological analysis of the status of the Bahá’í Faith. It will endeavor to present criteria for the labels “world religion” and “new religious movement,” as well as explore to what extent the Bahá’í Faith fulfils these criteria. It will attempt to demonstrate that the Bahá’í Faith is best categorized as a “world religion.”
Will, Knowledge, and Love as Explained in Bahá’u’lláh’s Four Valleys
Authors: Savi Julio
Published: September 2018

This article intends to explore some of the seemingly abstruse concepts exposited by Bahá’u’lláh in “The Four Valleys.” The first three Valleys are described as three aspects of the spiritual path to be trod by any human being, so that he/she may acquire knowledge of God, as realization of the self, through the use of his/her capacities of willing, knowing, and loving respectively. The fourth Valley is interpreted as describing the lofty and unattainable condition of the Manifestations of God, and as such, as offering a hint of the glory of the goal of perfection towards which human beings should strive, albeit assured that such a perfection will never be theirs.
Kitáb-i-Aqdas
Authors: Schweitz Martha
Published: September 2018

This article is an initial attempt to understand the Kitáb-i-Aqdas from the perspective of contemporary secular national and international law. First, it analyzes and classifies the laws and institution-building provisions of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas, demonstrating its character as a constitution or “Charter” of future world civilization. The social laws are further analyzed to show how they, together with expressed principles, form the nucleus for a fully developed legal system. Second, the article investigates the relationship between law and principle, the “warp and woof” of the institutions of Bahá’u’lláh’s World Order. How a particular code of laws actually functions in a society depends heavily on the background of shared principles. Characteristic legal and social principles are identified, principles which together distinguish the Bahá’í system of law and government from others. The final section describes current thinking about the concept of legitimacy and the transformation of international law through human rights standards from a system that serves only states into one which serves humanity on the basis of emerging World Order principles.
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY: THE SOLUTION OF QUESTIONS OF FORMATION OF A CIVIC STAND IN
Authors: Akhmetova Laila Seysembekovna , Shorokhov Dmitry Pavlovich
Published: September 2018

For the world community UNESCO has developed international standards of media information literacy, which have been adopted by all UNESCO member countries. In Central Asia, Kazakhstan was the first to deal with these issues 10 years ago. The group of scientists of the Kazakh National University named by al-Farabi is working on studying this issue. Most of the scientific works on media education are aimed at justifying the need for media education in modern society and its value. The purpose of the article is the development of methodological materials on the formation of literacy in the field of media and information literacy for training target groups and informing the public. The authors of this article apply the methodology of comparative historical research, the methodology and technique of sociological research, the systemic and structural-functional approach in combination with comparative historical method and statistical data analysis, as well as the study of official documents characterizing the policy of international community and Kazakhstan. Also, content analysis and qualitative documents analysis, as well as comparative research methods, were used. As a result of the research, it was concluded that any conceptual design, scientific paradigm suffers to some extent with idealization and the conceptual approach of UNESCO discussion formed the basis for this review, causing positive expectations. However, media is not always socially-oriented tool. It is clear that in this scenario, it is not necessary to rely solely on the consciousness of journalists and self-censorship of editors. However, understanding the principal approaches of UNESCO and following the recommendations developed can control risks and contribute to the development of a full-fledged civil society. Practical significance of the research lies in the possibility of using its results in the field of media, psychology, pedagogy, culture, history, journalists, political scientists, social engineers, teachers, students and post-graduate students of universities. The results of the research can be integrated into the educational and upbringing processes. It is necessary to train target groups for the further dissemination and training of media and information literacy and to address the issues of forming a civic position in Kazakhstan.
THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES OF ORIGIN OF NEGATIVE ECOLOGICAL TERRITORIAL EXTERNALITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Dolgaleva Olena Vyacheslavіvna , Yeshchenko Maryna Georgiivna
Published: September 2018

The article examines the territorial type of externalities, which is closely linked to the concept of sustainable development. The modern generation must satisfy its needs without diminishing the opportunities of the following generations. Here the fundamental economic point is the laying of additional external costs of modern generations for the future ones, with the current technological development. The concept of temporal externalities is a new level of awareness of the effect of external negative environmental externalities. The positive experience of the EU countries in creating effective tools for stimulating environmental protection and reducing the complex negative impact on natural ecosystems is considered. Determined that the implementation of the concept of “risk management” for human health in general is based on a system of tools similar to that of Ukraine [5]. It is noted that, however, the use of these tools in EU countries is based on a mechanism that is significantly different from the domestic one. At the heart of this mechanism is the system of giving the complex environmental permits for industrial installations, which for industrial objects will be determined on the basis of the best available technologies (BATs). Installed that, the company meets the requirements set by the CEDs, planned to improve the environmental impact indicators, it will be exempted from any financial sanctions (in the form of fines in foreign practice). Such sanctions will arise only if the planned work of the enterprise is not executed and the established limits are not reached. It is noted that, another methodological approach deals with the analysis of the provision of social and economic system of natural resources based on modelling. Attempts to construct global models of development, taking into account the influence of a set of factors, are widely known in the world practice.