bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Milk productivity of red steppe cows of different genotypes
Authors: Suyunova Zulfia , Namozov Muhammad , Yakhyayev Bakhtior , Nortasheva Mavjuda , Baxodirov Azimjon , Boymatov Otabek
Published: July 2024

In this article, the role of the livestock industry in the national economy, one of the modern advanced breeding farms. Organization, composition of the herd, keeping and care of cattle, productivity indicators and feeding conditions of “Bakht” farm, specialized in breeding, belonging to Karshi district, Kashkadarya region, were analyzed. At the same time, milking planning, proper care of cows during rest period (dry) and preparation for calving, feeding of dairy cows with valuable nutrients, complete milking technology. It was studied that the establishment of a dairy farm, timely artificial insemination and rational keeping of cows have become the main goal of the farm and have a positive effect on the economic efficiency of the livestock industry. The use of Red Desert cows in the herd by crossbreeding with Angler bulls helps to increase the milk production of the cows. Due to the increase in the blood percentage of the Angler breed, the milk yield of cows also increases. Cows with the Angler breed genotype give more milk per 100 kg of live weight than purebred cows, which indicates the efficiency of their use in dairy herds.
New broiler cross paternal parent form
Authors: Emanuilova Zh.V. , Egorova A.V. , Efimov D.N. , Egorov I.A. , Komarov A.A.
Published: July 2024

The results of the research showed that on the basis of the new lines CM5 and CM6 of the Cornish breed, selected using the gene pool of the SMC “Smena”, a new paternal parental form CM56 was created, which has high: live weight of young animals, safety of birds, fertilization of eggs, hatching of chickens at (0.3-8.2%) in comparison with the paternal parental form B56 of the cross “Smena 8”. The weight of the testes of males of the paternal parent form during the anatomical dissection of the Smena 9 cross was equal to 39.8 g (30 weeks) and 43.1 g (34 weeks), their relative weight (to live weight) was 0.89 and 0.92 %; cross “Smena 8” - 39.5 g and 43.0 g; 0.88 and 0.91%, respectively, for the indicated ages. In roosters of the paternal parental form of the “Smena 9” cross, there was a tendency towards a slight decrease in their live weight by age (30 and 34 weeks), as well as a slight increase in the absolute and relative weight of the testes in comparison with the “Smena 8” cross. Broilers of the “Smena 9” cross, obtained from the use of CM56 roosters, had advantages in live weight at 5 weeks of age by 10.1%, feed costs per 1 kg of live weight gain - by 4.5%, and safety - by 1.1 %, productivity index - a complex indicator - by 16.7% compared to the cross “Smena 8”. Poultry of the paternal parent form and broilers of the “Smena 9” cross with a high genetic potential of important economically useful traits, is competitive, can be used in reproductive farms, parent flocks and broiler poultry farms.
Using of dry biomass of methanotrophic bacteria for enrichment of starter artificial feeds when growing juveniles of broad whitefish Coregonus nasus (Pallas, 1776)
Authors: Zenkovich Polina , Litvinenko Aleksandr , Zenkovich Ruslan , Litvinenko Lyudmila , Korentovich Marina
Published: July 2024

A research was conducted to study the effect of starter artificial feeds enriched with dry biomass of methanotrophic bacteria (Methylococcus capsulatus) and a complex of fatty acids on growth, survival, fish productivity, feed conversion efficiency and the biochemical composition of tissues juveniles of broad whitefish (Coregonus nasus). Using of an experimental diet (10 % microbial protein, linseed oil, premix drug “Arfit”) made it possible to increase the growth rate of juveniles of broad whitefish. The final weight of fish in the experiment was 17.2% higher than the control. The condition factor was 3.1% higher compared to the control, fish productivity was 13.0% higher, and there was a 4.0 % decrease in feed costs for ichthyomass gain. At the end of the experiments the content of crude fat and crude protein was higher by 12.4% and 3.0%, respectively, compared to the control. The total content of amino acids in the tissues of juveniles of broad whitefish, when microbial protein and a complex of fatty acids were added to the diet, increased by 5.4% compared to the control.
Duration of economic use of cows with different somatic cells concentrations in milk during the first lactation
Authors: Komlyk Irina , Grishina Natalia
Published: July 2024

The work investigated the relationship between lifetime productivity, age and reasons for culling of Ayrshire cows with different levels of somatic cell count in milk during the first lactation. The study established the influence of high concentration of somatic cells in the milk of first-calf heifers on average per lactation on lifelong milk yield and the age of culling. It was revealed that heifers with an average somatic cell content of less than 300 thousand/mL in milk reached the age of highest productivity. At higher values, maximum culling was observed in the 1st– 2nd lactation. We obtained positive repeatability of the number of somatic cells in adjacent lactations. A study of the main reasons for the culling of cows with different numbers of somatic cells in milk showed that with a very high cell content, limb diseases and gynaecological diseases are most common. It has been substantiated that the prevention of udder diseases at the early stages of lactation contributes to a longer productive life of cows.
The predictive potential of sorbitol in assessing the liver functional state of productive animals
Authors: Ponamarev Vladimir
Published: July 2024

The work examines the sorbitol biochemical transformation issues in animals. Also it analyzes the hepatobiliary system role in these processes. Respectively basic principles for assessing sorbitol in liver pathologies pointed. Article proposes ways for studying correlation between sorbitol and enzymes. Article opened the sorbitol main metabolic features for hepatopathologies diagnosis.
Assessment of the impact of crop cultivation on the reproduction of land resources
Authors: Golovin Artyom , Dobrinova Tatiana , Bolycheva Elena , Golovleva Victoria , Zyukin Danil
Published: July 2024

The paper assesses the impact of crop cultivation on the reproduction of land resources. It is determined that the change in the yield of major agricultural crops shows an upward trend. It was determined that crop yields are volatile due to natural and climatic phenomena. By comparing the values of nutrient removal with yield, it is determined that the most resource-intensive crop is corn, and the least - rapeseed. By comparing the removal and application of nutrients for the main agricultural crops, the conclusion is made about the narrow character of reproduction of land resources in Russia. It was found that for all crops, with the exception of rapeseed, there is a situation in which the removal of nutrients exceeds the volume of their application. The general conclusion of the study is the revealed trend of soil fertility reduction and degradation of land resources of the agricultural sector.
Number of different insecta groups and its dynamics on burned areas after megafires (second year of study)
Authors: Ruchin Alexander , Esin Mikhail
Published: July 2024

The paper describes the results of studying the insect fauna after the megafires of 2021. Studied of 30,721 individuals from 10 insect orders were obtained for study in 2023, the second year after the megafires. We have established that in the traps were dominated by taxa from the orders Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Neuroptera, and Hymenoptera. It is shown that the remaining orders were relatively few in number and occurred as single specimens. It is noted that the number of species belonging to the orders Heteroptera, Neuroptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Mecoptera, and Trichoptera increased in 2023 in comparison to the previous year. As a result of this the number of individuals of the Heteroptera (4.8 times), the Neuroptera (3.2 times), and the Lepidoptera (2.0 times) increased significantly in the second year after megafires. It is shown that the seasonal dynamics was characterized by the configuration observed in insects native to temperate zones, with a single maximum observed in either July or August.
The fauna of collembola in soil layers of natural ecosystems of Kashkadarya region (Republic of Uzbekistan)
Authors: Elmuratova Z.U. , Mamarakhimov O.M. , Makhmudova M.M. , Kamalova M.J. , Karshibayeva N.Kh.
Published: July 2024

The paper presents data concerning the species composition, biological traits, and faunal indicators of Collembola discovered in the soil fauna of Shahrisabz and Yakkabogh districts within the Kashkadarya region (Republic of Uzbekistan). The study involved the analysis of soil layers at depths of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-30 cm in both districts. The results were used to determine the species composition of the fauna, calculate faunal diversity indices, and elucidate the factors driving changes in diversity. Xenylla maritima, Agrenia bidenticulata, and Heteromurus nitidus were identified as dominant species
Some biogeochemical features of soils in steppe specially protected natural areas (Samara Region, Russia)
Authors: Prokhorova Natal’ya , Ryazanova Yana , Kuzovenko Oksana
Published: July 2024

The paper considers the features of arsenic (As) accumulation in the steppe soils of the Samara region (Russia) and its four specially protected natural areas. It has been established that As is one of the most toxic elements and belongs to the first hazard class. The work uses quantitative indicators of As content in the upper humus horizon of steppe soils of the Samara region (in the period from 1991 to 2005). The data on the accumulation and distribution of As in virgin soils of the studied protected areas, obtained in 2023, are analyzed. A relatively high level of As content in the studied soils has been established. The reasons for the active accumulation of As in virgin soils of the steppes are substantiated. It is suggested that the increased content of As in the humus horizon of soils may affect the phytodiversity of virgin steppes.
Urban soil quality assessment in green areas of two medium-sized Finnish cities, Lahti and Joensuu
Authors: Kamalova Alina , Akhmetzyanova Leisan , Galitskaya Polina
Published: July 2024

In this study, contamination levels and ecotoxicity in 29 urban soils in two medium-sized Finnish cities, Lahti and Joensuu were evaluated. It was established that Cd concentration exceeded the natural background level in all soils tested. The estimated number of soil samples contaminated with Pb, Ni, Cu and Zn was 1, 3, 1 and 23 respectively. The total content of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (⅀16PAH) was analyzed in urban soil samples. It was found that in soils ⅀16PAH ranged from 23.78 to 831.42 ng*g-1 (Lahti) and from 14.38 to 1173.95 ng*g-1 (Joensuu). No correlation was found between the levels of total metals and total PAHs. Ecotoxicity was analyzed by bioassay of elutriate using Paramecium caudatum (R = 0.75). The ecotoxicity index levels (LID10) ranged from 1 to 40. A strong correlation was observed between total metal content and soil ecotoxicity levels.
Heat fluxes during the spring thermal bar in Lake Dolgoe, Belarus
Authors: Tsydenov Bair , Trunov Nikita , Degi Dmitriy , Bart Andrey
Published: July 2024

The values for short- and longwave radiation, latent and sensible heat fluxes were calculated for the spring thermal bar in Lake Dolgoe. A thermal bar phenomenon is a narrow zone of waters sinking in the area of temperature of maximum density. The calculations are based on meteorological data from stations in Sharkawshchyna, Polotsk and Lepel (44 km NW, 46 km NE, and 48 km SE of the lake, respectively). A comparative analysis was conducted for heat fluxes in April 2023. Maximum, minimum, and mean values of fluxes of short- and longwave radiation and latent and sensible heat were obtained.
Diversity of local rice genetic resources in marginal semi-arid of East Nusa Tenggara: Status and conservation
Authors: Kotta Noldy R.E. , Koeslulat Ermi E. , Ngongo Yohanis , Hosang Evert Y.
Published: July 2024

In a marginal semi-arid environment, the cultivation of local upland rice is important as a staple food. However, climate change impacts genetic erosion, which can ultimately disrupt farmers’ food security and sovereignty. This study aims to understand the status of existence, cultivation methods, and conservation management by farmers in semi-arid areas. This study used primary data collected through interviews to determine the status of local upland rice and primary data on cultivation and conservation management. The location and respondents were selected purposively. The results showed that ENT Province has 81 varieties of upland rice: 20 accessions from Southwest Sumba, 22 from Ende, 15 from Ngada, and 24 from North Central Timor. All respondents stated that local upland rice is essential for food security, as 95% of the production is consumed as a staple food. Farmers’ interest in cultivating local rice is due to its advantages such as drought resistance, pest resistance, low production costs, and good taste. Farmers carry out traditional seed conservation, such as placing them in woven buri palm leaf containers. This requires integrating and considering technological interventions in regional agricultural development policies.
The “dish system” for calculating wages in rice farming in Majalengka District, West Java Province
Authors: Ulpah Amalia , Iffah Sarah I. , Nurhafizhah Riska , Simatupang Sortha , Tarigan Rasiska , Hutabarat Rina C. , Pasaribu Sahat M. , de Brauw Alan
Published: July 2024

Farmers play an important role in the agricultural sector; however, their welfare does not always increase with growth in this sector. Rice farming is generally affected by local customs and traditions, and labour costs are the largest expense. Local knowledge offers a distinctive feature in rice farming, such as the “dish system” in Majalengka District, where labourers are paid in bawon, a tradition in rice farming. However, this tradition may not always be economically beneficial to farmers. This study aims to identify the dish system of local wisdom in rice farming, analyse its economic efficiency, and compare the profit level with farming in general. Primary data were collected by conducting interviews with 65 farmers. The study revealed that the use of a dish system for wages results in greater profits and a higher R/C ratio value compared to daily wages in general. When using the bawon method, it is important to maintain socially adhered values because increasing farmers’ income and welfare is also a priority for the sustainability of rice farming. This study suggests taking comprehensive steps, such as strengthening existing farmer institutions, providing training and empowerment for farmers, and maximising profits through agricultural businesses.
Stability of rice availability and prices in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia-Ukraine war
Authors: Suryana Achmad , Hartono Maino D. , Suryana Anggita T. , Suryana Muhammad R. , Sinaga Jan P. , Irawan Aldho R.
Published: July 2024

Rice is the staple food for Indonesians and is important in social, economic, and political life. Due to its role, the Indonesian government maintains the stability of rice availability and prices in all regions throughout the year. This task faced enormous challenges in the last three years due to the current external shocks of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine War. This paper aimed to analyse the stability of rice availability and prices during these external shocks. This study used secondary data at the national level from 2019 (base year) to 2022. Data was analysed using descriptive quantitative and qualitative methods. A coefficient of variation measures the degree of rice price volatility. This study concludes that during the current external shocks, Indonesia was able to increase rice production to meet household needs and maintain stability in rice availability and price, but national rice reserves were depleted. To achieve food security sustainably, the government should continue to stabilise rice availability and price by increasing domestic rice production, managing government rice reserves, implementing rice price policies at the producer and consumer levels, and adopting rice import policies that consider the interests of consumers and farmers in a balanced manner.
An Almost Ideal Demand System approach in analysing demand for Indonesian imported rice
Authors: Destiarni Resti P. , Arifiyanti Nurul , Jamil Ahmad S.
Published: July 2024

Indonesia’s rice imports throughout 2022 will increase by 5%. Indonesia plans to import again to anticipate production disruptions due to a potential El Nino. Indirectly, Indonesia depends on other countries for its rice needs, so this study’s main objective is to analyse rice import performance and estimate the competitiveness and elasticity of demand for Indonesian rice imports. This research used annual import data of Indonesia from Thailand, Vietnam, and India, which came from the UN-Comtrade and will be analysed using the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS). The results showed that Thailand has the largest share and an inelastic own-price elasticity, so the consumption of imported rice from Thailand is unaffected by price changes. Based on income elasticity, it shows that imported rice is a normal good. Rice imports from Thailand and India are complementary, while others are substitutes for each other. Thailand is still the largest supplier of imported rice for Indonesia, and it will be a challenge for Indonesia if Thailand limits the amount of rice it exports to domestic needs. Imports are a short-term solution, so a long-term policy must deal with limited rice stocks caused by climate and weather uncertainties.
Dynamics of demand sensitivity for various rice qualities faced by retailers
Authors: Herawati  , Harianto  , Putri Tursina A. , Dewi Triana G. , Rosiana Nia
Published: July 2024

The pricing behaviour of rice at the retail level needs to receive adequate attention. Rice retailers in retail markets are often assumed to act as price takers, implying that individual rice retailers face a horizontal market demand curve. This study aims to comprehend the demand sensitivity of rice retailers in retail markets before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study categorises rice retailers as those operating in traditional or modern markets. Previous studies have not illustrated the changes in demand elasticity that occur over time, as captured in this study. This study utilised rice price data published by the Bank of Indonesia. The research model is based on the theory of optimum pricing at the retail level. Based on this theory, the data were descriptively analysed to identify the patterns of demand sensitivity faced by retailers. The results indicate that the demand sensitivity of rice retailers in traditional markets is higher than that in modern markets. As the quality of the rice sold increases, the demand sensitivity of rice for retailers decreases. The findings of this study are valuable for public policies aimed at controlling rice prices at the retail level in Indonesia.
Effectiveness of community food business development program
Authors: Sulaksana Jaka
Published: July 2024

The Community Food Business Development Program (CFBD), or PUPM in Indonesia, is a program initiated by the Ministry of Agriculture to address the problem of community food availability. The research question is how far the program can reach its goals and what factors affect it. This study aims to analyse the effectiveness of the CFBD program in the Mukti Farmer Group in Cirebon District and the factors that influence the program’s effectiveness. The study sample comprised 70 individuals in the group. Descriptive analysis was performed to evaluate the program’s efficacy, and CFA was used to validate latent variables and their indicators. The analysis findings indicate that the CFBD program has an efficacy level of 82.07%. Process, output, and input variables are ordered in addressing importance based on their impact on the effectiveness of the CFBD program. One of the shortcomings of the program is the accuracy of the number of assistants. Therefore, the promotion of assistance could fulfil this need. Apart from that, the evaluation also has to be optimised by the group. The involvement of academicians or NGOs can be used to evaluate the program.
Enhancing rice resilience and sustainability: A bibliometric analysis of innovations for food security and environmental conservation
Authors: Purba Helena J. , Azahari Delima H. , Dani Fatimatuz Z.D.P. , Alsyouf Imad , Masmoudi Malek , Obaideen Khaled
Published: July 2024

This study delivers a critical bibliometric examination of the innovative strategies employed to boost the resilience and sustainability of the rice supply chain. As one of the most vital cereal crops globally, understanding the nuances of the rice supply chain and its broader implications for food security is paramount. This study establishes the intrinsic connection between the rice supply chain and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) and SDG 15 (Life on Land). This study systematically scrutinises the academic literature from reputable journals and databases. Through rigorous bibliometric analysis, we identified salient themes, trends, and seminal contributions related to enhancing the resilience and sustainability of the rice supply chain. Our study yields crucial insights into the strategies and initiatives employed to confront challenges in the rice sector, underlining the sector’s role in promoting food security and sustainable agricultural practices with a particular emphasis on environmental conservation efforts. The comprehensive synthesis and analysis of diverse academic publications offer valuable information for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders seeking to craft effective interventions and policies. These initiatives will enhance the food security and sustainability of rice production. Our findings emphasise the need to integrate innovation in rice.
National food development policies in Indonesia: An analysis of food sustainability and security
Authors: Dermoredjo Saktyanu K. , Mu’awanah Umi , Hidayat Agus S. , Hidayat Restu P. , Estiningtyas Woro , Pasaribu Sahat M.
Published: July 2024

Enhance the food development policy’s effectiveness by preventing stakeholder overlap in Indonesia, covering grains, legumes, and tubers. The Food Sustainability Index (FSI) and the Global Food Security Index (GFSI) reveal the challenges of food development. FSI assesses food sustainability and nutrition, while GFSI analyses the causes of food vulnerability. The objective of this paper is to examine the achievement of indicators that can support future reference points for relevant ministries/agencies. This study employs descriptive analysis (through indicator analysis and ranking process), connected to the results of both FSI and GFSI analyses. Certain indicators within both systems have already aligned with the Food Development Policy. Indonesia’s FSI index is 59, ranked 51 out of 78 countries; the GFSI index is 60.2, ranked 63 out of 113 countries. To improve FSI and GFSI targets, there is a need for better consolidation among ministries/agencies across various indicators. The Ministry of Agriculture, in partnership with other ministries, works towards sustainable agriculture, climate resilience, and women’s empowerment. Collaboration, infrastructure development, and technology integration are vital for increasing competitiveness and achieving better socio-economic progress in both food sustainability and food security.
Geoecological problems of agricultural environmental management in conditions of climatic fluctuations within the Voronezh forest-steppe
Authors: Mezhova Lidia , Lugovskoy Alexander , Chertkov Pavel , Inpushkin Viktor , Kuvshinova Oksana
Published: July 2024

The article describes the rhythmicity of climatic processes in the European part of Russia. An analysis of short-period climate rhythmicity is carried out against the background of 1850 summer rhythms. A forecast of temperature and precipitation for the 21st century is given. A methodological approach to assessing various types of responses to changes in climate processes and their impact on agriculture in the region is suggested. At the same time, changes develop structurally mainly in 3 directions: irreversible, qualitative and reversible. The necessity of considering climatic fluctuations when creating landscape-adaptive agriculture in the Voronezh forest-steppe is proved. To increase the accuracy of forecasts, it is necessary to expand the base of regional climate monitoring and to conduct monitoring and scientific research on the response of agricultural crops to climate change. The calculations made allow identifying trends in temperature and precipitation changes for the period of the 21st century. The proposed methodological approach can be applied in regional agricultural environmental management.
Environment-forming and stabilizing role of the soil-protective agroforestry landscape complex on slopes
Authors: Tarasov Anatoly , Pykhtin Alexey , Podlesnykh Igor , Tarasov Sergey
Published: July 2024

This study examines the effects of forest belts on erosion andhydrological conditions, soil moisture reserves, and cellulolytic activity, aswell as their influence on agricultural crop yields on slopes. The researchreveals that forest belts lead to increased snow depth and even distribution,reduced soil freezing, and decreased water erosion risk in catchment areas.Additionally, forest belts enhance moisture reserves in the middle slope byreducing lateral water flow. In comparison to upland areas, the lower andmiddle parts of the slope typically exhibit greater snow depth, reduced soilfreezing, and increased soil moisture. Forest belts also promote highercellulolytic activity in adjacent areas. The study finds that barley yieldsincrease on slopes with forest belts, but buckwheat yields decrease due toexcessive vegetative growth.
Optimization of technological cultivation methods as a key to enhancing soybean productivity in the Kursk Region
Authors: Deriglazova Galina , Minchenko Zhanna
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to optimize technological methods for cultivating soybeans in the Kursk region, conducted from 2022 to 2023 at the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Kursk FARC" on typical chernozem. The research involved two field experiments: the first examined the effects of four seed sowing rates on two mineral nutrition backgrounds, while the second investigated the effectiveness of microelement fertilizers when applied to soybean seeds and crops. The results showed that the application of mineral fertilizers significantly increased soybean yields. The highest protein and oil collection rates were achieved at a seeding rate of 0.6 million viable seeds per hectare in the fertilized version. Additionally, the use of microelement fertilizers, specifically MicroFeed Boron, resulted in high soybean yields, protein content, and oil content. Based on the findings, it is recommended that soybeans be cultivated with a seeding rate of 0.6 million viable seeds per hectare, accompanied by the application of mineral fertilizers and MicroFeed Boron during the 2nd and 6th trifoliate leaf phases to achieve maximum soybean yield, protein, and oil collection.
Comparative research of bounding box based and image segmentation based neural network models for individual cattle identification
Authors: Shilin Denis , Shubin Ivan , Shestov Dmitry
Published: July 2024

Software and hardware based tools for collecting information about animals are an important part of most large agricultural enterprises. Various information collection methods and technologies help farmers to receive data about the health, behavior and location of animals therefore becoming an important tool for monitoring the area of animal captivity or even open spaces. This work is devoted to a comparative study of the effectiveness of methods for identifying cattle based on neural network technologies and machine learning. In this paper, the effectiveness of the bounding box-based method and the image segmentation-based method were investigated. Images of cattle, which can be obtained using computer vision methods, are used as input images for identifiers. The authors are aimed to determine a representative set of features which can be used for reliable and accurate cow identification using neural network based methods, estimate efficiency of those methods using precision, recall and F1- score quality metrics and suggest certain improvements that may improve the quality of identification for neural network methods, if possible. Neural network methods, the effectiveness of which was verified by quality metrics, were also tested on a set of images that did not participate in the formation of the training sample set.
Ecological selection of winter wheat as a measure of adaptation to climate change
Authors: Emelyanova Anna , Logvinova Elena
Published: July 2024

The study presents the results of a five-year investigation (2018-2023) into the performance of winter wheat varieties Kuryanochka 19 and Rat’ compared to the standard variety Lgovskaya 4. The research aimed to assess the environmental plasticity and adaptability of these new varieties under varying weather conditions. The best growing conditions were observed in the 2021-2022 season, with an environmental index of 1.2 and maximum yields of 8.28 t/ha for Kuryanochka 19 and 8.46 t/ha for Rat’. The study found that both varieties exhibited high resistance to environmental stress factors, with Kuryanochka 19 and Rat’ showing minimum and maximum yields of -2.42 and -2.3, respectively. Additionally, they demonstrated genetic flexibility, with Kuryanochka 19 and Rat’ exhibiting flexibility values of 7.07 and 7.31, respectively, compared to the standard Lgovskaya 4 with a value of 6.44. The varieties also displayed low coefficients of variation (11.9-13.4%) and high homeostaticity (51.5-51.6%). The Kuryanochka 19 variety was highly responsive to improved cultivation conditions, with a regression coefficient for the environment (b) of 2.17, whereas the Rat’ variety was less responsive, with a b value of 0.65.
Assessment of the impact of applying mineral fertilizers on the results of grain farming
Authors: Golovin Alexey , Golovin Artyom , Chernysheva Lyubov , Filippova Anna
Published: July 2024

The article presents an assessment of the impact of mineral fertilizers on food security. It is defined that the most common indicator of food security is the indicator of self-sufficiency. The assessment of Russia’s self-sufficiency in grain has revealed an ascending trend. If initially the country was faced with a situation where in some years less grain was produced than was required for domestic consumption, later the agroindustrial complex completely closed the need for grain, both for personal consumption and processing, and for feed. Significant surpluses have made the country the world’s leading grain exporter. Based on correlation and regression analysis, data were obtained confirming that a significant increase in grain yields in Russia is a direct consequence of an increase in the application of mineral fertilizers. This situation is positive both from the point of view of ensuring food security and from the point of view of reproduction of soil fertility, which means future food security.
Manufacturing of balanced inter-saw spacers
Authors: Mukhammadiev Davlat , Ibragimov Farhod , Abzoirov Ortiq , Jumaev Nizomiddin , Zhamolova Lola
Published: July 2024

The article defibes the ways to manufacture statically balanced inter-saw spacers for fiber-cleaning and linting machines. In manufacturing steel spacers, a welded belt joint is used where the weld seam causes an imbalance of spacers. To achieve static balance in the inter-saw spacers, we create two holes of 13.2 mm diameter in single-belt spacers and 11.85 mm diameter in two-belt spacers. At that, the remaining 10 holes in both types of spacers are made with a diameter of 15 mm, which makes it possible to balance the imbalance of these inter-saw spacers. In addition, the single-belt spacer is recommended for shafts of saw blades with large diameters, and two-belt spacers - for shafts with smaller diameters.
Determination of the critical rotation speed of the saw cylinder of a linting machine
Authors: Mukhammadiev Davlat , Ibragimov Farhod , Abzoirov Ortiq , Akhmedov Khamidulla , Zhamolova Lola
Published: July 2024

The critical rotation speed of the saw cylinder of a linting machine is examined in the article in the form of a differential equation of the bent shaft. As a result, it was determined that at an increase in the distributed load from the seed roller from 0 to 42 kg/m, the critical rotation speed decreases from 335.784 to 277.761 rad/s (by 18.0%). With a known load of the seed roller m1= 34.246 kg/m, at an increase in the bending stiffness of the saw blade shaft EJxfrom 100,000 to 1,000,000 N·m2, the critical rotation speed decreases from 287.285 to 90.847 rad/s (by 65.8%). It was established that the rotation speed of the saw cylinder of a linting machine is in the first subcritical zone (ωр≤0.75·ωкр– a stiff shaft) 76.44 rad/s≤ (251.84-208.32) rad/s.
Use of sources of resistance to smut in the breeding of spring barley
Authors: Neshumaeva Nadezhda , Sidorov Aleksandr , Fedosenko Denis
Published: July 2024

The paper aims to create and study the complex of traits of the multi-row forage barley variety Krasnoyarsky 91. The selection sample K-8-19 and the Acha variety were used as parent forms. The variety has been included in the state register of breeding achievements since 2017 in the East Siberian (11) region. Recommended for cultivation in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Republic of Khakassia, Tyva, Buryatia. Multirow, a type of pallidum. The duration of the growing season is medium-late. On average, over three years (2012-2014) in the competitive test, the grain yield of the variety ranged from 26.3 to 40.5 c/ha, with an average yield of 32.1 c/ha. The advantage over the Acha variety was 4.0 c/ha, and over the Sobolek variety 6.3 c/ha. The variety has a high yield of green mass. When harvesting for green fodder, the advantage in terms of green mass yield in terms of dry matter ranged from 0.6 to 20 c/ha. Krasnoyarsk 91 is resistant to fungal diseases. The variety is recommended for use for feed purposes.
Methodology for assessing the loss of agricultural products in conditions of ensuring food security
Authors: Alimov Uchkun Z. , Saidova Madina Kh. , Kholiyorov Umirzoq E.
Published: July 2024

Ensuring food security in many countries of the world is considered a pressing problem of today. The post-Covid period throughout the world is characterized by a decrease in population incomes, rising prices for food products, means of production and energy resources, accompanied by worsening hunger. A mitigating circumstance of the current situation and in solving the problem of the population’s lack of the most basic microelements and vitamins, the inclusion of melon products in the diet is an important means of ensuring food security. In the context of global climate change, environmental and political crises, increasing the volume of cultivation of melon products will make a sufficient contribution to providing the population with safe food. Therefore, in prestigious scientific institutions and centers around the world, the scope of research has been expanded in such areas as the development of the industry on an innovative basis, the organization of non-traditional production, and the cultivation of organic melons. Special attention is paid to scientific research aimed at solving problems of developing melon growing on protected lands, creating competitive varieties and hybrids in melon growing, reducing quality losses during storage and transportation of products, organizing waste-free production of cultivated products.
Development of a semi-finished biscuit recipe for vegans
Authors: Pyanikova Elvira , Kovaleva Anna , Evdokimova Oxana , Ryazantseva Anastasia
Published: July 2024

This study explores the introduction of alternative components into the formulation of a semi-finished biscuit product to adjust the production technology. The experiment involved preparing a thick mass from aquafaba of green peas, a two-stage baking process at different temperature conditions, and cooling the finished product in both an oven and workshop conditions. Three formulations of a vegan semi-finished biscuit were developed with varying ratios of oatmeal and almond flour: 8:13, 15:7, and 13:8. The optimal ratio was found to be 13:8. The resulting semifinished biscuit product exhibited a pleasant, balanced flavor profile, a golden uniform color, and a soft, elastic, and non-crumbling consistency. The use of alternative raw materials reduced the energy value, increased protein and fat content, decreased carbohydrate content, and improved the fiber, vitamin, and mineral composition of the product.
Smart farm development for sustainable dairy farming in the Republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: Akhmedova Zulkhumor , Shodiev Ziyodullo , Djalilova Zarnigor
Published: July 2024

The article explores the concept of a “smart farm” as an innovative approach to ensuring the sustainable development of dairy farming. The authors analyze key aspects of integrating digital technologies into dairy production and their impact on the economic, environmental, and social sustainability of the industry. Key components of smart farms, including automated management systems, animal health monitoring modules, intelligent climate control systems, and solutions for feed management, are examined. The application of computer vision technologies and industrial robots to enhance productivity and product quality is also analyzed. The conclusions of the article demonstrate that the integration of advanced technologies on dairy farms contributes to achieving sustainable development goals, improving animal welfare, and meeting the needs of modern society for high-quality and safe dairy products.
The prospects of using hawthorn fruits for the production of biologically active food additives and food products based on them
Authors: Lazareva Tatiana , Murlenkov Nikita , Berezina Natalya , Kireeva Olga , Yarkina Marina , Kryukov Vladimir , Kuznetsova Elena , Evdokimov Nikita , Kuznetsova Elena
Published: July 2024

Due to the wide range of pharmacological properties and the presence of bioactive components with antioxidant action hawthorn fruits can be widely used as part of dietary supplements for the prevention or improvement of diseases associated with oxidation and (or) obesity, as well as concomitant cardiovascular diseases. An urgent task of the modern pharmaceutical and food industry in the development of biologically active food additives is the use of hawthorn varieties that are resistant to the accumulation of heavy metals and have increased resistance to excess toxic elements. The chemical composition and safety indicators of fresh hawthorn fruits have been studied and it has been established that the studied fruits of zoned hawthorn varieties in terms of safety indicators meet the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation and can subsequently be used in the development of biologically active food additives. An analysis of the safety indicators of powders made from hawthorn fruits dried at different temperatures was carried out. It has been established that maximum preservation of ascorbic acid in hawthorn fruit processing products is facilitated by drying fresh fruits at 50°C.
Food system of sugar production: Structure and characteristics
Authors: Egorova Marina , Belyaeva Luybov , Puzanova Luybov , Zaikina Maria
Published: July 2024

The food system for sugar production plays a crucial role in ensuring a country’s food security, and its effective functioning requires an in-depth study of the features of its formation. This study used logical analysis, generalization, and systematization of scientific and practical knowledge in sugar technology to consider the technological flow of beet sugar production. The structure of the food system was determined, consisting of 14 selected local systems based on 6 types of processes - mechanical, mass transfer, chemical, physicochemical, thermal, and separation. This indicates the complexity of the food system and the significant transformation of sugar beets as a raw material. The mechanisms of formation of local systems were detailed, showing a transformative effect on the modification of the raw material flow. The characteristics of two local systems - diffusion juice and massecuite of the first stage of crystallization - were considered in detail, revealing them as complex disperse systems that differ in composition, dispersion, technological properties, stability indicators, and instability factors. The systematized data obtained can be used to create effective technological solutions in the sugar production food system.
Using a mixture of almond and chickpea flour in wheat bread production technology
Authors: Kaluzhskikh Alexander , Asadova Margarita , Veretennikova Ekaterina , Kotelnikova Marina , Chentsova Daria
Published: July 2024

In the modern food industry, various methods are used to enhance the quality of food products and optimize the technological process. One effective and relatively simple approach is the use of alternative raw materials that can improve the nutritional value of bread and bakery products. Almond and chickpea flour are examples of such alternative ingredients. This study investigated the impact of adding a mixture of almond and chickpea flour to the recipe on the organoleptic and physicochemical properties of wheat bread. The researchers determined the most effective ratios of almond and chickpea flour that could improve the physical and chemical characteristics of the bread without compromising its organoleptic quality. The results show that the optimal addition to the dough is a mixture of 10% almond flour and 15% chickpea flour, calculated from the total mass of flour. This combination enhanced the nutritional value of the wheat bread without adversely affecting its sensory attributes. The study provides a rationale for using a mixture of almond and chickpea flour as recipe-component solutions when baking wheat bread. The findings suggest that this approach can be a viable strategy to improve the overall quality of bread and bakery products.
Direct method of transpiration control in plant production processes
Authors: Grishin Alexander , Grishin Andrey , Grishin Vladimir , Pavlova Elena
Published: July 2024

A brief review of devices and methods of functioning of sensors for direct control of transpiration phenomena, their advantages and disadvantages are given. The task of the research is to experimentally confirm the selected calculation dependence for determining the values of xylem flow, i.e. to obtain a formula for determining the rate of xylem mass movement depending on the temperature gradient on the stem surface, which is measured by sensors and given to the system of digital control of production processes based on thermoregulation. And the higher the flow velocity, the faster the temperature front will reach the remote sensor and will cool down by a smaller value than at lower flow velocity and the temperature difference will have a smaller value. The dependence of xylem flow velocity (sap flow) q (g/s) on the temperature difference Δt of the coolant at the inlet of the stem system (heater) and at its outlet (remote sensor-thermocouple) was experimentally obtained. The obtained dependence agrees well with the hyperbolic function q = 0.15 / Δt, obtained by computational method, which confirms the possibility of its application in the processor of digital control of the system of productivity processes in plant systems.
Development of econometric models to forecast indicators of the livestock industry
Authors: Kasatkina Ekaterina , Vavilova Daiana , Faizullin Rinat
Published: July 2024

The article discusses the importance of animal husbandry in ensuring food security and maintaining a high quality of life. In the current study, statistical monthly data on animal husbandry in the Udmurt Republic from 2018 to 2023 is analyzed to create models for forecasting key indicators: the average daily milk yield, the number of cows, and the total volume of milk production. The model of the average daily milk yield takes into account seasonal fluctuations, temperature, and time trends, with an average relative error of just 1.55%. The autoregressive model for predicting the number of cattle with a lag of 12 months has shown high accuracy with an average relative approximation error of 0.19%. The econometric model of total milk production takes into account the average daily milk yield and other factors, demonstrating high accuracy in its forecasts. These results are important to support decision-making on the development of animal husbandry and the agricultural sector in general.
Intelligence of equipment and control systems at pulp and paper industry enterprises
Authors: Gorobchenko Stanislav , Kovalev Dmitriy , Voinash Sergey , Zagidullin Ramil , Khafizov Ildar , Garbuzova Taisiya , Alekseeva Svetlana
Published: July 2024

The issues of intellectualization of equipment and control systems at pulp and paper industry enterprises are considered. The features of digitalization at large pulp and paper mills are shown. An example of the implementation of an intelligent system for assessing the functioning of technological equipment at one of the pulp and paper mills is demonstrated. The main sources of efficiency of intellectualization and intellectualization of production and automated systems are shown.
Decentralized lock-free distributed queue in MPI remote memory access model
Authors: Paznikov Alexey A. , Burachenko Alexander V. , Abuelsoud Mohamed M.
Published: July 2024

In parallel programming for distributed-memory systems in MPI standard, remote memory access model (also known as one-sided communications, MPI RMA or RMA) is used along with the messagepassing. This model in many cases leverages the performance and simplifies parallel programming. Here arises the problem of synchronization of multiple parallel processes accessing shared (concurrent, distributed) data structures. In shared-memory machines (such as SMP/NUMA systems), non-blocking (lock-free, wait-free, obstruction-free) synchronization is widely used to solve the similar problem. The main advantage of nonblocking synchronization is that delays in execution of one process (thread) do not suspend execution of other threads. This avoids deadlocks, priority inversions, etc. We suppose this approach could also be effective in designing distributed data structures (in the MPI RMA model particularly). In this article, we discuss the idea of building non-blocking distributed data structures in MPI RMA model on the example of a queue, describe the designed algorithms of basic operations, investigates the efficiency of data structures, and provides an experimental comparison with lock-based counterparts.
New opportunities for studying digital information transmission technologies using Cisco equipment
Authors: Prosviryakova L. V. , Osipov K. A. , Dmitriev A. A.
Published: July 2024

The article describes a methodology for studying network technologies using Cisco equipment to create a model of a digital three-level information transmission network with further analysis of the network state and network traffic research. The article briefly describes the main stages of designing and configuring a digital communication network using Cisco equipment, describes and analyzes the main network status protocols, equipment connection protocols, addressing and routing protocols, and IP telephony protocols.