bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Never Walk Alone: Clathrin-Coated Vesicle (CCV) Components in Plant Immunity
Authors: Ekanayake Gayani , LaMontagne Erica D. , Heese Antje
Published: August 2019

At the host–pathogen interface, the protein composition of the plasma membrane (PM) has important implications for how a plant cell perceives and responds to invading microbial pathogens. A plant's ability to modulate its PM composition is critical for regulating the strength, duration, and integration of immune responses. One mechanism by which plant cells reprogram their cell surface is vesicular trafficking, including secretion and endocytosis. These trafficking processes add or remove cargo proteins (such as pattern-recognition receptors, transporters, and other proteins with immune functions) to or from the PM via small, membrane-bound vesicles. Clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) that form at the PM and trans-Golgi network/early endosomes have emerged as the prominent vesicle type in the regulation of plant immune responses. In this review, we discuss the roles of the CCV core, adaptors, and accessory components in plant defense signaling and immunity against various microbial pathogens.
The Prognostic Significance of Protein Expression of CASZ1 in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Kim Bohyun , Jung Minsun , Moon Kyung Chul
Published: August 2019

Backgrounds. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common histologic subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and shows a relatively poor prognosis among RCCs. Castor zinc finger 1 (CASZ1) is a transcription factor, prominently known for its tumor suppression role in neuroblastoma and other cancers. However, there has been no research about the prognostic significance of CASZ1 in ccRCC. In this study, we investigated CASZ1 expression in ccRCC and analyzed its prognostic implications. Methods. A total of 896 ccRCC patients, who underwent surgical resection from 1995 to 2008, were included. We prepared tissue microarray blocks, evaluated CASZ1 nuclear expression by immunohistochemistry, and classified the cases into low or high expression categories. Results. A low expression of CASZ1 was observed in 320 cases (35.7%) and was significantly associated with large tumor size, high World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology (WHO/ISUP) grade, and high T category and M category. In survival analysis, a low expression of CASZ1 was significantly correlated with unfavorable progression-free survival (PFS) (p<0.001), overall survival (OS) (p<0.001), and cancer-specific survival (CSS) (p<0.001) and was an independent prognostic factor for PFS and CSS in multivariate analysis adjusted for tumor size, WHO/ISUP grade, T category, N category, and M category. Conclusions. Our study is the first to show the prognostic significance of CASZ1 expression in ccRCC. Our results revealed that low expression of CASZ1 is associated with poor prognosis and may serve as a new prognostic indicator.
Does Early Graft Patency Benefit from Perioperative Statin Therapy? A Propensity Score-Matched Study of Patients Undergoing Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Chen Shanglin , Wu Hengchao , Yang Tao , Li Baotong , Hu Yuanyu , Sun Hansong
Published: August 2019

Background. Decreased graft patency after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) leads to substantial increases in cardiac events. However, there is paucity of data on efficacy and safety of perioperative statin therapy for OPCAB populations. Methods. 582 patients undergoing OPCAB in a single-institution database (October 1, 2009–September 30, 2012) were stratified by perioperative continuation of statin therapy (CS group, n=398) or not (DS group, n=184). Inverse probability weighted propensity adjustment was used to account for treatment assignment bias, resulting in a well-matched cohort. Primary outcomes were graft patency at an average of five days after operation and in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included intraoperative blood loss, liver, and renal functions. Results. No in-hospital death occurred in this study. Early graft patency rates after OPCAB were 98.4% (1255 of 1275 grafts) in the CS group and 98.0% (583 of 595 grafts, P=0.486) in the DS group. Secondary outcomes showed a reduction in blood loss during operation (438.53 mL versus 480.47 mL, P=0.01). Continuation of statin therapy is associated with alanine transaminase (ALT) elevation (49.67 U/L versus 34.52 U/L, P<0.001), as well as aspartate transaminase (33.54 U/L versus 28.10 U/L, P<0.001). Abnormal ALT elevation was observed in 8.9% of the CS group and 3.1% in DS (odds ratio 3.06, 95% confidence interval, 1.77 to 5.29, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in estimated glomerular filtration rate (76.28 mL/min/1.73m2 versus 76.13 mL/min/1.73m2, P=0.90). Subgroup analyses suggested that graft occlusion was less common in CS than in DS group among smoking patients (odds ratio 0.41, 95% confidence interval, 0.20 to 0.86, P=0.026). Conclusions. Perioperative continuation of statin therapy did not improve early graft patency in OPCAB patients. A lower risk of graft occlusion was observed among smoking patients. Continuous statin use correlated with liver function elevation (Clinical Trials.gov number, NCT 01268917).
Model Test Study on the Influence of Train Speed on the Dynamic Response of an X‐Section Pile‐Net Composite Foundation
Authors: Xue Shanshan , Chen Yumin , Liu Hanlong
Published: August 2019

Based on a large‐scale X‐section pile‐net composite foundation model, we experimentally studied the dynamic characteristics of the pile‐net composite foundation under a high‐speed railway train load; analyzed the distribution characteristics of the dynamic stress, dynamic displacement, speed, and acceleration of the foundation soil under different train speeds; and investigated the vibration response of the track subgrade foundation system, as well as the distribution characteristics and attenuation pattern of the dynamic stress inside the subgrade foundation under cyclic train loading. The following results are obtained. The peak vertical vibration speed and the peak acceleration attenuate by 90% and 62.5%, respectively, after passing through the embankment. The vibration velocity increases linearly with the train speed; the ratio of the peak dynamic soil stresses at the top of the piles and between the piles is approximately 3.4. The change in train speed does not have a large influence on the peak dynamic displacement or peak dynamic soil stress. The peak spectral vibration acceleration caused by the train loading is located within the range of medium‐to‐low‐frequency vibrations, and the characteristic frequency corresponds to the passing frequency of the bogies and carriages; as the train speed increases, the peak spectral vibration acceleration increases, and the high‐frequency components increase significantly.
A Coupling Electromechanical Inhomogeneous Cell-Based Smoothed Finite Element Method for Dynamic Analysis of Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Beams
Authors: Cai Bin , Zhou Liming
Published: August 2019

To accurately simulate the continuous property change of functionally graded piezoelectric materials (FGPMs) and overcome the overstiffness of the finite element method (FEM), we present an electromechanical inhomogeneous cell-based smoothed FEM (ISFEM) of FGPMs. Firstly, ISFEM formulations were derived to calculate the transient response of FGPMs, and then, a modified Wilson-θ method was deduced to solve the integration of the FGPM system. The true parameters at the Gaussian integration point in FGPMs were adopted directly to replace the homogenization parameters in an element. ISFEM provides a close-to-exact stiffness of the continuous system, which could automatically and more easily generate for complicated domains and thus significantly decrease numerical errors. The accuracy and trustworthiness of ISFEM were verified as higher than the standard FEM by several numerical examples.
Intraoperative Hepatic Blood Inflow Can Predict Early Acute Kidney Injury following DCD Liver Transplantation: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Jiao Ao , Liu Qingpeng , Li Feng , Guo Rui , Wang Bowen , Lu Xianliang , Sun Ning , Zhang Chengshuo , Li Xiaohang , Zhang Jialin
Published: August 2019

Purpose.Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major and severe complication following donation-after-circulatory-death (DCD) liver transplantation (LT) and is associated with increased postoperative morbidity and mortality. However, the risk factors and the prognosis factors of AKI still need to be further explored, and the relativity of intraoperative hepatic blood inflow (HBI) and AKI following LT has not been discussed yet. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between HBI and AKI and to construct a prediction model of early acute kidney injury (EAKI) following DCD LT with the combination of HBI and other clinical parameters.Methods.Clinical data of 132 patients who underwent DCD liver transplantation at the first hospital of China Medical University from April 2005 to March 2017 were analyzed. Data of 105 patients (the first ten years of patients) were used to develop the prediction model. Then we assessed the clinical usefulness of the prediction models in the validation cohort (27 patients). EAKI according to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria based on serum creatinine increase during 7-day of postoperative follow-up.Results.After Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression and simplification, a simplified prediction model consisting of the Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score (p=0.033), anhepatic phase (p=0.014), packed red blood cell (pRBC) transfusion (p=0.027), and the HBI indexed by height (HBI/h) (p=0.002) was established. The C-indexes of the model in the development and validation cohort were 0.823 [95% CI, 0.738-0.908] and 0.921 [95% CI, 0.816-1.000], respectively.Conclusions.In this study, we demonstrated the utility of HBI/h as a predictor for EAKI following DCD LT, as well as the clinical usefulness of the prediction model through the combination of the CTP score, anhepatic phase, pRBC transfusion and HBI/h.
Spectrum, Pattern, and Clinical Outcomes of Adult Emergency Department Admissions in Selected Hospitals of Western Ethiopia: A Hospital-Based Prospective Study
Authors: Woyessa Ashenafi Habte , Dibaba Birhanu Yadecha , Hirko Getahun Fetensa , Palanichamy Thanasekaran
Published: August 2019

Background. There has been a steady rise in the absolute number of emergency room admissions over the last few decades. The healthcare delivery system of a country is required to be adjusted to patterns of morbidity and mortality to mitigate the minimized prolonged ill health consequences and premature death of adults. The spectrum, patterns, morbidity, and mortality of health and health-related emergency conditions for which patients visit hospitals often reflect the magnitude of different health problems in a society. The objective of this study was therefore to assess the spectrum, pattern, characteristics, and clinical outcomes of emergency department admissions among adult people who visited EDs of the selected hospitals in western Ethiopia.Methodology. Hospital-based prospective cross-sectional study design was utilized. To select hospitals to be included in the study, the area sampling technique was used. Five administrative zones in west Oromia were selected as geographical clusters. Then, four hospitals were randomly selected from each zone. Finally, the consecutive sampling technique was utilized to recruit the study participants.Results. The mean age of the patients admitted to emergency departments (EDs) of the selected hospitals was 34.98 years. The male-to-female ratio of the respondents was nearly equal (1 : 1.04). While one-fourth (20.4%) of the patients arrived by ambulances (without identifying reason), 23.6% of them visited the emergency department as they had no other place to go. Medical emergencies (45.4%) were the leading types of emergencies followed by traumatic emergencies (27.3%). Respiratory distress (12.43%), extremity fractures (9.61%), and hypertensive disorders (8.6%) were among the top leading causes of adult ED admissions. Vital signs were deranged in about 59.4% of the cases. The most common type of immediately life-threatening problems identified on arrival was impairment of breathing (37%), followed by circulatory compromises (30%). Emergency department admission patterns were variable with peak admissions in the month of February and the lowest in November. The vast majority (90.9%) of emergency patients survived. While 8.5% of patients died of the various types of emergency conditions, the final clinical outcome was not identified in 1.5% of the patients.Conclusion. This study has showed mixed cases with varied patterns and outcomes of adult emergency department admissions. As overall there is a need to be alert during specific seasons, actions must be taken to improve the readiness of existing emergency room services. Furthermore, it is worthwhile to invest further on standardizing and organizing prehospital services at the community level.
Knowledge about Neonatal Danger Signs and Associated Factors among Mothers Attending Immunization Clinic at Arba Minch General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Degefa Nega , Diriba Ketema , Girma Tekeste , Kebede Amelework , Senbeto Ayano , Eshetu Eyasu , Aschalew Zeleke , Tariku Befikadu , Zerihun Eshetu
Published: August 2019

Background. The first 28 days of life (the neonatal period) constitute the most vulnerable time for a child’s survival. Overall 2.7 million neonatal deaths were stated by the 2015 global report of neonatal mortality and they account for 45% of under-five deaths. Sub-Saharan Africa remains the region with the highest risk of death in the first month of life and is among the regions showing the least progress in reducing neonatal mortality in the world. Ethiopia, as part of sub-Saharan Africa, also shares the greatest risk of neonatal death. A recent report in Ethiopia showed that neonatal mortality was 29 deaths per 1,000 live births. Therefore, the signs that suggest the onset of severe illness which leads to death and their contributing factors should be identified. The aim of the study was to assess knowledge about neonatal danger signs and associated factors among mothers attending immunization clinic at Arba Minch General Hospital. Method. Institution-based cross-sectional study design was employed from Feb to April 2018. Systematic sampling technique was used to select a total of 345 mother-child pairs. A pretested, structured, and interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were entered using Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariable analysis were carried out using binary logistic regression to check and test the association between dependent and explanatory variables. Model fitness was checked by Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test. Result. Nearly two-fifths (40.9%) of all mothers had good knowledge about neonatal danger signs (95% CI; 35.7, 46.4). Close to thirty-three percent of mothers identified child’s body hotness (fever) as a neonatal danger sign. Maternal educational status (AOR: 5.64; 95% CI: 1.68, 18.95) and attendance of postnatal care (AOR: 2.64; 95% CI: 1.36, 5.15) were significantly associated with maternal knowledge about neonatal danger signs in multivariable analysis. Conclusion. Even though considerable improvement has been achieved over the past decades as a result of expanded coverage of maternal and childcare services, still there are a significant number of mothers who have limited knowledge about neonatal danger signs. Therefore, interventional strategies that stress strengthening maternal education and ANC follow-up should be extended.
Enterale Ernährungstherapie verbessert bei jungen Patienten mit Morbus Crohn rasch die Lebensqualität und das psychische Befinden
Authors: Bengsch Bertram
Published: August 2019

Background and Aim: Impaired health-related quality of life and higher rates of anxiety and depression are observed in patients with Crohn's disease. This single center study aimed to describe and compare longitudinal psychological outcomes of newly diagnosed Crohn's disease patients treated with standard care or enteral nutrition to induce remission. Methods: Two separate cohorts of patients were recruited from one center and treated with standard care (n = 22) or enteral nutrition (n = 18) to induce disease remission. Disease activity, quality of life, anxiety, and depression were assessed at diagnosis and month 6. Results: At baseline, quality of life (n = 40) was not correlated with disease activity; symptoms of anxiety and depression were present in 15 (38%) and 5 (13%) of the 40 patients, respectively. Significant improvements in quality of life (p < 0.0001) and anxiety scores (p = 0.002) were observed after 2 weeks of exclusive enteral nutrition, and at month 6 significant improvements in all psychological outcomes were observed. At month 6, patients who received standard care had a significant improvement in quality of life (p = 0.004), but not in anxiety or depression scores, and there were no differences in psychological outcomes between the treatment groups. Overall, 34/40 (85%) patients were in clinical remission at month 6, and a clinically significant quality of life score was achieved by 31/40 (78%). Conclusions: Patient health-related quality of life and symptoms of anxiety and depression improved as disease activity improved, and 6 months after diagnosis psychological outcomes were similar in patients treated with standard care or enteral nutrition to initially induce remission.
Atopie als Vorbote von Autoimmunerkrankungen - Nicht aus dem (zweiten) Blick verlieren
Authors: Brandt David
Published: August 2019

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute, systemic vascu-litis in children, with an etiology that is not completely understood. It is assumed that the development of KD is mediated by an immunologic response. Several reports from East Asia have found a higher prevalence of atopic diseases among patients with KD, but a large-scale study of a non-Asian population regarding this correlation is still lacking. The purpose of this article was to achieve this goal. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, large-scale study to estimate the correlation of KD with allergic diseases. The medical history of 1,187,757 Israeli teenagers (aged 16-20 years during the years 1998-2013) was retrieved. The study population was divided into 3 groups according to a past history of noncomplicated and complicated KD and a control group. The prevalence of allergic diseases among these groups was further investigated. Results: The prevalence of atopic diseases in the 3 study groups was presented (asthma in 11.4, 8.1 and 3.5%, respectively; angio-edema/urticaria in 7.1, 0 and 0.46%, respectively; allergic rhinitis in 20, 12.1 and 6.7%, respectively). In noncomplicated KD, a statistically significant link to asthma [odds ratio (OR) 2.4; p = 0.048] and a borderline significant link to allergic rhinitis (OR 1.9; p = 0.06) were found. In KD complicated with cardiac disease, statistically significant links were found for all the allergic conditions, asthma (OR 3.5; p = 0.003), allergic rhinitis (OR 3.5; p < 0.001) and angio-edema/urticaria (OR 16.48; p < 0.001). Conclusion: KD is associated with allergic diseases. This association increases with the severity of the disease.
Chronisch-entzündliche Hauterkrankungen und psychische Erkrankungen - Zusammenhänge beachten und daran denken
Authors: Philipp Sandra
Published: August 2019

The prevalence of affective disorders such as depression and anxiety is particularly high in patients with autoimmune diseases, including inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and hidradenitis suppurativa. A dysregulated immune response has been linked to the precipitation of depression in many patient populations. However, studies examining the extent to which the underlying skin disease inflammatory processes contribute to depression and a subsequent decline in quality of life are limited. The published literature over the past 5 years was reviewed for evidence of a relationship between depression and inflammatory processes in the context of skin pathology. The findings, particularly the evidence from interventional clinical trials of targeted anti-cytokine therapies, suggest that proinflammatory cytokines associated with several skin diseases may be causally linked with the coexistent depressive symptomology.
An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of Families Affected by Autism in Dubai
Authors: Sopaul Tania
Published: August 2019

Background: The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in the Middle East region is suggested to be comparable with rates reported in the Western World; however, in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), autism is under-diagnosed and over-looked. Objectives: This qualitative study based in Dubai, UAE, aimed to explore personal experiences of autism and investigate the decision-making process of parents. A focus group interview with 6 UAE national mothers who have an autistic child was conducted; the semi-structured interview was audio-recorded and transcribed. Method: Interpretative phenomenological analysis was performed on the interview transcript and 3 main themes emerged: Education, Support and Social Stigma. Results: The research concluded that the majority of mothers are primary caregivers and the challenges faced by autistic families include: a lack of understanding and research; family reputation; stigma-associated discrimination; and maternal stress. Conclusions: Mothers with autistic children experience a number of stressors and would benefit from educational workshops, including ASD-specific training. A call for further investigation into the role and impact of maids as primary caregivers for autistic children in the UAE is advocated.
Políticas públicas y políticas educativas para la primera infancia: desafíos de la formación del educador infantil
Authors: Robledo-Castro Carolina , Amador-Pineda Luis Hernando , Ñáñez-Rodríguez José Julián
Published: August 2019

(analítico): en este artículo se presentan los resultados de una investigación de carácter cualitativo, de tipo descriptivo-interpretativo, la cual correspondió a un análisis documental, cuyo objetivo fue identificar los retos emergentes a la formación del educador infantil que surgen de las políticas educativas nacionales e internacionales. A partir de un análisis de contenido de los textos de política, se exploraron las categorías axiales de políticas públicas, primera infancia y formación docente, ejercicio del que emergieron categorías y subcategorías en relación con los saberes que se esperan de un educador infantil: saberes generales, saberes pedagógicos, saberes didácticos y saberes transversales.
Quantification of Myocardial Mass Subtended by a Coronary Stenosis Using Intracoronary Physiology
Authors: Murai Tadashi , van de Hoef Tim P. , van den Boogert Thomas P.W. , Wijntjens Gilbert W.M. , Stegehuis Valérie E. , Echavarria-Pinto Mauro , Hoshino Masahiro , Yonetsu Taishi , Planken R. Nils , Henriques José P.S. , Escaned Javier , Kakuta Tsunekazu , Piek Jan J.
Published: August 2019

Background:

In patients with stable coronary artery disease, the amount of myocardium subtended by coronary stenoses constitutes a major determinant of prognosis, as well as of the benefit of coronary revascularization. We devised a novel method to estimate partial myocardial mass (PMM; ie, the amount of myocardium subtended by a stenosis) during physiological stenosis interrogation. Subsequently, we validated the index against equivalent PMM values derived from applying the Voronoi algorithm on coronary computed tomography angiography.

Methods:

Based on the myocardial metabolic demand and blood supply, PMM was calculated as follows: PMM (g)=APV×D
2
×π/(1.24×10
−
3
×HR×sBP+1.6), where APV indicates average peak blood flow velocity; D, vessel diameter; HR, heart rate; and sBP, systolic blood pressure. We calculated PMM to 43 coronary vessels (32 patients) interrogated with pressure and Doppler guidewires, and compared it with computed tomography–based PMM.

Results:

Median PMM was 15.8 g (Q1, Q3: 11.7, 28.4 g) for physiology-based PMM, and 17.0 g (Q1, Q3: 12.5, 25.9 g) for computed tomography–based PMM (
P
=0.84). Spearman rank correlation coefficient was 0.916 (
P
<0.001), and Passing-Bablok analysis revealed absence of both constant and proportional differences (coefficient A: −0.9; 95% CI, −4.5 to 0.9; and coefficient B, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.91 to 1.25]. Bland-Altman analysis documented a mean bias of 0.5 g (limit of agreement: −9.1 to 10.2 g).

Conclusions:

Physiology-based calculation of PMM in the catheterization laboratory is feasible and can be accurately performed as part of functional stenosis assessment.
Long-Term Effect of Ultrathin-Strut Versus Thin-Strut Drug-Eluting Stents in Patients With Small Vessel Coronary Artery Disease Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Iglesias Juan F. , Heg Dik , Roffi Marco , Tüller David , Noble Stéphane , Muller Olivier , Moarof Igal , Cook Stéphane , Weilenmann Daniel , Kaiser Christoph , Cuculi Florim , Häner Jonas , Jüni Peter , Windecker Stephan , Pilgrim Thomas
Published: August 2019

Background:

Randomized trials evaluating the Orsiro biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stent (BP-SES; 60 and 80 μm strut thickness for stent diameters ≤3 and >3 mm, respectively) did not stratify according to vessel size and failed to specify the impact of ultrathin-strut thickness on long-term clinical outcomes compared with durable polymer everolimus-eluting stents (DP-EES). We sought to assess the long-term effect of ultrathin-strut (60 μm) BP-SES versus thin-strut (81 μm) DP-EES on long-term outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary revascularization for small vessel disease.

Methods:

In a subgroup analysis of the randomized, multicenter, noninferiority BIOSCIENCE trial, patients with stable coronary artery disease or acute coronary syndrome randomly assigned to treatment with BP-SES or DP-EES were stratified according to vessel size (≤3 mm versus >3 mm) as a surrogate to compare patients treated with ultrathin-strut versus thin-strut drug-eluting stent. The primary end point was target lesion failure, a composite of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction, and clinically indicated target lesion revascularization, within 5 years.

Results:

Among 2109 patients, 1234 (59%) were treated for small vessel disease. At 5 years, target lesion failure occurred in 124 patients (cumulative incidence, 22.3%) treated with ultrathin-strut BP-SES and 109 patients (18.3%) treated with thin-strut DP-EES (rate ratio, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.94–1.58;
P
=0.13). Cumulative incidences of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction, and clinically indicated target lesion revascularization and definite stent thrombosis at 5 years were similar in patients treated with ultrathin-strut BP-SES and thin-strut DP-EES. After adjustment for potential confounders, there was no significant interaction between vessel size and treatment effect of BP-SES versus DP-EES.

Conclusions:

We found no significant difference in clinical outcomes throughout 5 years between patients with small vessel disease treated with ultrathin-strut BP-SES versus thin-strut DP-EES.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01443104.
Twenty-Four–Hour Reocclusion After Successful Mechanical Thrombectomy
Authors: Marto João Pedro , Strambo Davide , Hajdu Steven D. , Eskandari Ashraf , Nannoni Stefania , Sirimarco Gaia , Bartolini Bruno , Puccinelli Francesco , Maeder Philippe , Saliou Guillaume , Michel Patrik
Published: August 2019

Background and Purpose—

Early arterial recanalization is a strong determinant of prognosis in acute ischemic stroke. Nevertheless, reocclusion can occur after initial recanalization. We assessed associated factors and long-term prognosis of reocclusion after successful mechanical thrombectomy (MT).

Methods—

From the prospectively constructed Acute Stroke Registry and Analysis of Lausanne cohort, we included consecutive patients with anterior and posterior circulation strokes treated by successful MT (modified treatment in cerebral infarction 2b-3) and with 24-hour vascular imaging available. Reocclusion at this time-point was defined as new intracranial occlusion within an arterial segment recanalized at the end of MT. Through multivariate logistic regression, we investigated associated factors and 3-months outcome. In a 4:1 matched-cohort, we also assessed the role of residual thrombus or stenosis on post-recanalization angiographic images as potential predictor of reocclusion.

Results—

Among 473 patients with successful recanalization, 423 (89%) were included. Of these, 28 (6.6%) had 24-hour reocclusion. Preadmission statin therapy (aOR [adjusted odds ratio], 0.27; 95% CI, 0.08–0.94), intracranial internal carotid artery occlusion (aOR, 3.53; 95% CI, 1.50–8.32), number of passes (aOR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.06–1.62), transient reocclusion during MT (aOR, 8.55; 95% CI, 2.14–34.09), and atherosclerotic cause (aOR, 3.14; 95% CI, 1.34–7.37) were independently associated with reocclusion. In the matched-cohort analysis, residual thrombus or stenosis was associated with reocclusion (aOR, 15.6; 95% CI, 4.6–52.8). Patients experiencing reocclusion had worse outcome (aOR, 5.0; 95% CI, 1.2–20.0).

Conclusions—

Reocclusion within 24-hours of successful MT was independently associated with statin pretreatment, occlusion site, more complex procedures, atherosclerotic cause, and residual thrombus or stenosis after recanalization. Reocclusion impact on long-term outcome highlights the need to monitor and prevent this early complication.
Caprellidae
Authors: GUERRA-GARCÍA JOSÉ M. , LOWRY J. K.
Published: August 2019

Seventeen species of caprellids in 14 genera are reported, mainly from Lizard Island on the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia. Metaprotella sandalensis Mayer, 1898 and Quadrisegmentum triangulum Hirayama, 1988, are the most common species in the reef system. Although caprellids were present at most sites, they were abundant only on hydroid and sediment substrates.
Cheirocratidae
Authors: COLEMAN CHARLES OLIVER , LOWRY J. K.
Published: August 2019

Prosocratus carolinae sp. nov. from the Great Barrier Reef is described. It is very similar to the South Australian species Prosocratus butcheri Barnard & Drummond, 1982, but differs in male gnathopod 1 characters. Additionally the Cheirocratidae is rediagnosed.
Corophiidae
Authors: MYERS ALAN A.
Published: August 2019

Two genera and two species of corophiids are reported from the Great Barrier Reef. Both species are new to science.
Exoedicerotidae
Authors: HUGHES L. E.
Published: August 2019

This paper reports on a new species of Parhalimedon from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia.
Melphidippidae
Authors: COLEMAN CHARLES OLIVER
Published: August 2019

Melphisana madagascarensis Ledoyer, 1984, previously found in Madagascar and New Caledonia is redescribed from the Great Barrier Reef.
Photidae
Authors: MYERS ALAN A.
Published: August 2019

Four genera and ten species of photid are reported from the Great Barrier Reef. Of these, three genera and eight species are new to science.
A new Gripopterygidae (Plecoptera) species from southern Patagonia
Authors: PESSACQ PABLO
Published: August 2019

The male, female, and last instar larva of Andiperlodes tehuelche n. sp., an apterous species of Gripopterygidae, are described from the Santa Cruz Province, Argentinean Patagonia.
Comparative morphological and biometrical studies on Trhypochthonius species of the tectorum species group (Acari: Oribatida: Trhypochthoniidae)
Authors: WEIGMANN GERD , RASPOTNIG GÜNTHER
Published: August 2019

Three European taxa of the Trhypochthonius-tectorum complex are differentiated and described: Trhypochthonius tectorum (Berlese) s. str., T. silvestris europaeus n. subsp. and T. japonicus n. forma occidentalis. These taxa are compared with T. americanus (Ewing), T. silvestris Jacot and T. japonicus Aoki. Because of the high similarity among these species, a biometrical analysis is performed which confirmed three species groups with disjunct distributions: Trhypochthonius tectorum in Europe with T. tectorum americanus (n. comb.) in North America, T. silvestris in North America with T. s. europaeus n. subsp. in Europe, T. japonicus in Japan with T. japonicus n. forma occidentalis in Europe. The relationships of further Palaearctic species of this complex are discussed and we propose taxonomical changes: Trhypochthonius tectorum fujinitaensis Fujikawa (n. comb.) and T. t. stercus Fujikawa (n. comb.); T. silvestris misumaiensis Fujikawa (n. comb.) and T. s. septentrionalis Fujikawa (n. comb.). The disjunct biogeographical distribution of the members of the three species leads to the assumption of a relative high geological age of the parthenogenetic species-complex of “T. tectorum s. lat.”. A key for the Central European species of Trhypochthonius is presented.
A new species of Scinax (Anura: Hylidae) from Rocky Montane Fields in Southeastern and Central Brazil
Authors: PUGLIESE ADRIANA , BAÊTA DÉLIO , POMBAL, JR. JOSÉ P.
Published: August 2019

We describe a new species of tree frog of the Scinax ruber clade from rocky field mountains in the states of Goiás and Minas Gerais in central and southeastern Brazil. Scinax rogerioi sp. nov. is characterized by medium size (SVL males 25.0–35.6 mm; females 28.0–34.5 mm); snout protruding in lateral view and almost subovoid in dorsal view; loreal region concave; adhesive discs on fingers medium-sized, wider than long; interrupted, irregular dark brown blotches on dorsum from behind eyes to inguinal region from head to inguinal region; inverted brown triangular interocular blotch; brown spot in loreal region; advertisement call is a multipulsed note, with 6 to 12 pulses (interval between pulses 0.02 to 0.03s), and a dominant frequency of 1.38 to 3.19 kHz. Description of the advertisement call and data on natural history are provided.
Systematics and natural history of Barronopsis (Araneae: Agelenidae), with description of a new species
Authors: STOCKS IAN CHRISTOPHER
Published: August 2019

The monophyletic agelenid genus Barronopsis Chamberlin & Ivie is revised to include 6 species. The Cuban species B. campephila Alayón and B. cesari Alayón are synonomized under B. barrowsi (Gertsch) and B. jeffersi (Muma), respectively, and B. stephaniae new species is described. Natural history observations, distribution maps, diagnoses and descriptions, and a species identification key including B. texana (Gertsch), B. arturoi Alayón, and B. floridensis (Muma) are provided. Detailed descriptions of the male palpus and female genitalia, a review and evaluation of historical terminology used to describe agelenid palpal bulbs, and a discussion of the utility of certain male palpal characters in resolving phylogeny within Agelenidae are provided. Based on the morphology of the male and female genitalia and morphometric data, two species groups are recognized: a large-bodied B. texana species group (B. texana, floridensis, arturoi, jeffersi) and a small-bodied B. barrowsi species group (B. barrowsi, B. stephaniae). A cladistic analysis of Barronopsis, using Tortolena glaucopis (F. O. P.-Cambridge), Melpomene singula (Gertsch & Ivie), and species of Agelenopsis Giebel as outgroups identified three most parsimonious trees of 37 steps. The strict consensus tree yielded the following species relationships: (Agelenopsis (((B. texana, B. jeffersi), B. floridensis, B. arturoi), (B. barrowsi, B. stephaniae))))).Key words: Agelenopsis, revision, taxonomy, phylogenetic analysis
Briggsia hastingsi, a new genus and species of clingfish from Oman
Authors: CRAIG MATTHEW T. , RANDALL JOHN E.
Published: August 2019

Briggsia hastingsi is described as a new genus and species of gobiesocid fish from a single specimen, 22 mm in standard length, collected in 2 m depth on the southeastern coast of Oman. The genus differs principally from other aspasmine genera in having fewer dorsal- and anal-fin rays (4 each) and a shorter head (head length 2.5 in standard length).
Review of the genus Keilbachia Mohrig (Diptera: Sciaridae), with the description of eleven new species
Authors: VILKAMAA PEKKA , MENZEL FRANK , HIPPA HEIKKI
Published: August 2019

Collection materials for specimens of the genus Keilbachia Mohrig, 1987 (Sciaridae) were studied. The following new species are described and figured: Keilbachia acumina sp. n. (Japan), K. adjuncta sp. n. (Taiwan), K. bifida sp. n. (Nepal), K. brevicoxa sp. n. (India), K. camptospina sp. n. (Vietnam), K. cornuta sp. n. (Japan), K. criniloba sp. n. (India), K. inscissa sp. n. (Nepal), K. macripes sp. n. (Nepal), K. megacantha sp. n. (Japan), and K. trispinoides sp. n. (India). Additionally, Sciara neglecta Johannsen, 1912, is combined in the genus Keilbachia Mohrig. New faunistic records are presented for the species Keilbachia ferrata (Japan, Finland, Sweden), K. neglecta (USA), K. praedicata (Taiwan) and K. sasakawai (Japan). All 52 species, currently included in Keilbachia, are listed, and a complete literature synopsis on the genus is provided.
The genus Pyroderces Herrich-Schäffer new to China, with description of a new species (Lepidoptera, Cosmopterigidae)
Authors: ZHANG ZHIWEI , LI HOUHUN
Published: August 2019

The genus Pyroderces Herrich-Schäffer is recorded for the first time from China. Three species are included: Pyroderces bifurcata sp. nov. is described as new; P. argyrogrammos (Zeller) and P. sarcogypsa (Meyrick) are newly recorded for China. Images of the adults and the genitalia are provided, along with a key to the species from China.
The status of Kunziana Pretzmann, 1971 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pseudothelphusidae), with a redescription of the holotype of K. irengis Pretzmann, 1971
Authors: MAGALHÃES CÉLIO , TÜRKAY MICHAEL , MEANS D. BRUCE
Published: August 2019

This work was prompted by the rediscovery in the Natural History Museum, Vienna, of the holotype of Eudaniella(Kunziana) irengis Pretzmann, 1971, the type species of the subgenus Eudaniella (Kunziana) Pretzmann, 1971 (familyPseudothelphusidae). Unique characters of the first male gonopod of this species warrant the recognition of KunzianaPretzmann, 1971, as a valid genus. Kunziana irengis is redescribed here from the holotype and from new materialcollected near the type locality in Guyana, South America, and its affinities with other genera of Kingsleyini are discussed.
Revision of the Central American and Mexican species of the Curtonotum murinum species complex (Diptera: Curtonotidae)
Authors: LINDSAY KATE G. , KLYMKO JOHN , MARSHALL STEPHEN A.
Published: August 2019

The five Central American and Mexican species belonging to the Curtonotum murinum species complex are described as Curtonotum abrelatas Lindsay sp. nov., C. irksum Lindsay sp. nov., C. notatum Lindsay sp. nov., C. prolixum Lindsay sp. nov. and C. transitus Lindsay sp. nov. Photographic images, a distribution map of species and an identification key are provided.
Wintertime Orographic Cloud Seeding—A Review
Authors: Rauber Robert M. , Geerts Bart , Xue Lulin , French Jeffrey , Friedrich Katja , Rasmussen Roy M. , Tessendorf Sarah A. , Blestrud Derek R. , Kunkel Melvin L. , Parkinson Shaun
Published: August 2019

This paper reviews research conducted over the last six decades to understand and quantify the efficacy of wintertime orographic cloud seeding to increase winter snowpack and water supplies within a mountain basin. The fundamental hypothesis underlying cloud seeding as a method to enhance precipitation from wintertime orographic cloud systems is that a cloud’s natural precipitation efficiency can be enhanced by converting supercooled water to ice upstream and over a mountain range in such a manner that newly created ice particles can grow and fall to the ground as additional snow on a specified target area. The review summarizes the results of physical, statistical, and modeling studies aimed at evaluating this underlying hypothesis, with a focus on results from more recent experiments that take advantage of modern instrumentation and advanced computation capabilities. Recent advances in assessment and operations are also reviewed, and recommendations for future experiments, based on the successes and failures of experiments of the past, are given.
Factors Associated with Free Flap Failures in Head and Neck Reconstruction
Authors: Crawley Meghan B. , Sweeny Larissa , Ravipati Prasanti , Heffelfinger Ryan , Krein Howard , Luginbuhl Adam , Goldman Richard , Curry Joseph
Published: August 2019

Objective

To investigate causes of failure of free flap reconstructions in patients undergoing reconstruction of head and neck defects.

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

Single tertiary care center.

Subjects and Methods

Patients underwent reconstruction between January 2007 and June 2017 (n = 892). Variables included were clinical characteristics, social history, defect site, donor tissue, ischemia time, and postoperative complications. Statistical methods used include univariable and multivariable analysis of failure.

Results

The overall failure rate was 4.8% (n = 43). Intraoperative ischemia time was associated with free flap failures (odds ratio [OR], 1.062; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.019‐1.107; P =. 004) for each addition of 5 minutes. Free flaps that required pedicle revision at time of initial surgery were 9 times more likely to fail (OR, 9.953; 95% CI, 3.242‐27.732; P <. 001). Patients who experienced alcohol withdrawal after free flap placement were 3.7 times more likely to experience flap failure (OR, 3.690; 95% CI, 1.141‐10.330; P =. 031). Ischemia time remained an independent significant risk factor for failure in nonosteocutaneous free flaps (OR, 1.105; 95% CI, 1.031‐1.185). Alcohol withdrawal was associated with free flap failure in osteocutaneous reconstructions (OR, 5.046; 95% CI 1.103‐19.805) while hypertension was found to be protective (OR, 0.056; 95% CI, 0.000‐0.445).

Conclusion

Prolonged ischemia time, pedicle revision, and alcohol withdrawal were associated with higher rates of flap failure. Employing strategies to minimize ischemic time may have potential to decrease failure rates. Flaps that require pedicle revision and patients with a history of significant alcohol use require closer monitoring.
The Potential of High‐Throughput DNA Sequencing of the Paranasal Sinus Microbiome in Diagnosing Odontogenic Sinusitis
Authors: Haider Asad A. , Marino Michael J. , Yao William C. , Citardi Martin J. , Luong Amber U.
Published: August 2019

Objective

High‐throughput DNA sequencing of the paranasal sinus microbiome has potential in the diagnosis and treatment of sinusitis. The objective of this study is to evaluate the use of high‐throughput DNA sequencing to diagnose sinusitis of odontogenic origin.

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

Single tertiary care academic medical center.

Subjects and Methods

A chart review was performed of DNA sequencing results from the sinus aspirates obtained under endoscopic visualization in 142 patients with sinusitis. The identification of any potentially pathogenic bacteria associated with oral flora in a sample was classified as a positive result for sinusitis of odontogenic etiology. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of using high‐throughput DNA sequencing to diagnose sinusitis of odontogenic etiology were determined, with the patient’s computed tomography sinus scan as the reference standard. On computed tomography scans, an odontogenic source was determined by the presence of a periapical lucency perforating the schneiderian membrane.

Results

Seven of the 142 patients enrolled in this study had an odontogenic source based on computed tomography scans. Relative to this reference standard, high‐throughput DNA sequencing produced a sensitivity of 85.7% (95% CI, 42.1%‐99.6%), a specificity of 81.5% (95% CI, 73.9%‐87.6%), a positive predictive value of 19.4% (95% CI, 13.1%‐27.7%), and a negative predictive value of 99.1% (95% CI, 94.7%‐99.9%).

Conclusion

This study supports the use of high‐throughput DNA sequencing in supplementing other methods of investigation for identifying an odontogenic etiology of sinusitis.
Outcomes of Cadaveric Allograft versus Autologous Cartilage Graft in Functional Septorhinoplasty
Authors: Saadi Robert , Loloi Justin , Schaefer Eric , Lighthall Jessyka G.
Published: August 2019

Objective

Our goal was to elucidate the efficacy and outcome profile of cadaveric allografts (homograft costal cartilage) in functional septorhinoplasty as compared with autografts (quadrangular cartilage, conchal cartilage, and autologous costal cartilage).

Study Design

Retrospective chart review.

Setting

Otolaryngology division of the Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center.

Subjects and Methods

A chart review of a single surgeon’s practice was conducted with Current Procedural Terminology codes for septorhinoplasty (30410, 30420, 30430, 30435, 30450, 30465) from August 1, 2014, to August 1, 2017. All patients underwent functional septorhinoplasty for a chief complaint of nasal obstruction. Outcomes were collected up to 12 months following the operation and included the validated Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE), infection rate, malposition/warping of the graft, need for revision surgery, and graft loss.

Results

A total of 171 cases were included in our data analysis. On multivariate analysis, there were no significant differences between patients who had autografts and those who had allografts in 3‐, 6‐, or 12‐month postoperative NOSE score. Preoperative NOSE score was the only covariate to demonstrate a significant positive relationship to postoperative NOSE score. Regarding outcomes between autograft and allograft, no significant differences were found in rate of graft resorption (3.4% vs 5.6%, P =. 680), graft warping (3.4% vs 0%, P =. 309), infection (0% vs 1.9%, P =. 316), or need for revision surgery (4.3% vs 5.6%, P =. 709).

Conclusion

Autologous grafting is often the first choice in septorhinoplasty because of its presumed resistance to infection and resorption. Similar to autologous grafts, allografts are resistant to infection and resorption and demonstrate prolonged efficacy following functional septorhinoplasty.