bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abnormal Return and the Charactersitics of Merger and Acquisition in Indonesia
Authors: Gisella Luh Putu Gina , Chalid Dony Abdul
Published: June 2017

Indonesia also have  experienced the practice of Merger and Acquisition (M & A) transaction, like other parts of the world. This study  aims to see if there are abnormal returns for the acquirer companies in M&A transactions that occurred in Indonesia, and also to test if there are some characteristics related to M&A that affects the abnormal returns. This study uses 143 M & A transaction data public company in Indonesia in 2005 until 2014. Event-study analysis was also conducted to find acquirer abnormal stock return around the announcement of M & A. In addition,  OLS regression was also conducted to find whether the cash payment method in the M & A negatively affects the abnormal return. The  condition of companies (Net Profit Margin, Sales Growth, firm value) also affect the abnormal return. This shows that the method of payment and acquire companies’ conditions have effects on the perception of investors towards M & A transactions that occured.
An Empirical Study on the Theory of Planned Behavior: the Effect of Gender on Entrepreneurship Intention
Authors: Palupi Dian , Santoso Bambang Hadi
Published: June 2017

This study aimed to examine the effect of gender on entrepreneurship intention through attitude as a mediating variable of entrepreneurship, subjective norms, and perceived behavior controls, and their implications. The sample of this research consisted of 429 students from four state and private universities in East Java. The sample was taken by non-random sampling that is through accidental sampling. In addition, the sample was taken from the students who were still taking the lecture. This was done to facilitate the distribution of questionnaires and the return and accuracy of answers given by students. The analysis technique used in this research is quantitative data analysis technique using Path Analysis modeling. The results shows that, gender directly affects the intention of entrepreneurship. The effect of gender on entrepreneurial intention is mediated by attitude toward entrepreneurship, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control.
State Sukuk Potential in Reducing Indonesia Budget Deficit, 2009-2015
Authors: Amaliah Ima , Aspiranti Tasya
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this study is to identify potential retail state sukuk as part of state bonds that are used to replace foreign debt and lower the government's budget deficit. This study is important because the government's budget deficit continues to rise each year due to the increase of foreign debt. The increase in the debt itself is closely related to exchange rate fluctuations. Therefore, it is important for the government to develop a relatively secure funding in facing exchange rate fluctuations as well as parts of interest rate. The government has developed state securities based on sharia (SBSN) which can be used not only to close finance deficit but also to alternatively finance the infrastructure development. The population consists of budget deficit, retail state sukuk, corporate sukuk, and foreign debt. It uses purposive sampling to get the sample during 2009 -2015. This research uses descriptive quantitative method of secondary data published by Bank Indonesia, ministry Finance and Jakarta Islamic Index. The result shows that the proportion of retail state sukuk against sharia state securities increases over time (over 50%) but the proportion of corporate sukuk numbers is still relatively small (below 25%).
“This is my family outside of my family”: Care-based relating in a model early college high school
Authors: Ari Omer , Fisher-Ari Teresa , Killacky Jim , Angel Roma
Published: June 2017

Early college (EC) is a novel educational model in the US that combines high school and college in an effort to increase underrepresented students’ access to higher education by providing engaging, hands-on instruction in a supportive learning environment. For this phenomenological inquiry, we sought to understand the role of care-based relating in a model early college by examining how relationships are manifested and experienced at this school. Through 30-45 minute interviews, eleven participants (three sophomores, three seniors, and five teachers) described EC teachers’ high level of commitment to students’ academic success through: (a) responsive instruction in classroom and group contexts; (b) additional learning support for individual students; and (c) varied experiences from traditional school contexts. EC teachers found these efforts fostered student commitment to learning. Additionally, teachers and students noted the extraordinary commitment of EC teachers to the physical, social, and emotional wellbeing of learners demonstrated through: (a) family-like relationships; (b) promoting social and emotional wellbeing through timely advice and intervention; (c) joining students through tragic and intense personal and out-of-school realities; and (d) forming longitudinal connections with students and their families. However, this commitment resulted in teachers taking on significant burden when there was a lack of structural supports available for all learners. Findings hold implications for educational policy and school structuring that can promote educational equity and success through meaningful relationships, responsive practices, wrap-around services for students with out-of-school challenges, and teacher-support structures to ensure the longitudinal development and wellness of teachers, preventing burnout and attrition.
Friends and family: A literature review on how high school social groups influence advanced math and science coursetaking
Authors: Gottfried Michael , Owens Ann , Williams Darryl , Kim Hui Yon , Musto Michela
Published: June 2017

In this study, we synthesized the literature on how informal contexts, namely friends and family social groups, shape high school students’ likelihood of pursuing advanced math and science coursework. Extending scholarly understandings of STEM education, we turned to the body of literature with three guiding questions: (1) What influence do friends have on advanced math and science coursetaking? (2) What influence does family, particularly parents, have on advanced math and science coursetaking? (3) Do the effects vary by gender among each social group? By synthesizing existing literature on the influence of family and friends on advanced math and science coursetaking in high school, we find that both friends and families can influence the number of advanced math and science courses students complete, but the amount of advanced coursework students complete also varies based on the gender of the individual student, the gender of his/her friends, as well as by mother or father. Implications and limitations are discussed.
Reducing light scattering from surface contaminations by thin film design
Authors: Finck Alexander von , Wilbrandt Steffen , Stenzel Olaf , Schröder Sven
Published: June 2017

In most applications, contamination of optical thin film coatings is inevitable over time. State-of-the art approaches to tackle this problem are usually based on two strategies – avoiding contamination or removing already existing contamination. We demonstrate that the coating design can be tailored to reduce light scattering and stray light arising from particle contamination. This allows reducing the optical symptoms (light scattering) rather than trying to address the inevitable cause of the problem (contamination) itself. This new approach can consequently be easily combined with state-of-the-art approaches.
GND und ORCID: Brückenschlag zwischen zwei Systemen zur Autorenidentifikation
Authors: Hartmann Sarah , Pampel Heinz
Published: June 2017

Die Uneindeutigkeit von Personennamen erschwert im Rahmen der bibliothekarischen Erschließung die eindeutige Zuordnung von Autorinnen und Autoren zu ihren Werken. Bibliotheken im deutschsprachigen Raum adressieren das Problem der Mehrdeutigkeit von Namen durch den Einsatz der Gemeinsamen Normdatei (GND). Die internationale Initiative ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID) verfolgt das gleiche Ziel. Akteur ist hier jedoch die einzelne Wissenschaftlerin oder der einzelne Wissenschaftler. Das Projekt „ORCID DE – Förderung der Open Researcher and Contributor ID in Deutschland“

http://www.orcid-de.org/ [Zugriff: 18.04.2017].

hat sich, dank der Förderung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), unter anderem zum Ziel gesetzt, einen Brückenschlag zwischen den beiden Systemen – GND und ORCID – zu schaffen, um damit die Datenqualität beider Systeme wechselseitig zu erhöhen. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über ORCID und das Projekt ORCID DE. Dabei wird insbesondere auf die angestrebte Verlinkung von GND und ORCID eingegangen.
Chemical Health and Safety Data Management
Authors: McEwen Leah
Published: June 2017

In response to a sequence of dramatic accidents in research laboratories, [1, 2, 3] over the last five years the academic chemistry sector in the United States has focused on improving its safety culture and adopting more prudent laboratory practices. [4] Crucial to this effort is improved accessibility and management of chemical health and safety data and information tools that support laboratory process risk assessment. To this end, chemical safety, information, and education professionals are collaborating to facilitate and improve the risk assessment process for chemistry researchers and research students, as reported previously in Chemistry International. [5] The goal is to connect existing chemical safety and education communities and information technologies to improve
F
indability,
A
ccessibility,
I
nteroperability and
R
e-use of chemical safety data for both researchers and information systems. These are referred to as the FAIR principles for sharing research data. [6] There are a number of collaborative efforts applying this concept in order to facilitate the use of existing data, as well as to identify data gaps in the support of hazard analysis and risk assessment for academic research scenarios.
Information overload: when less is more in medical imaging
Authors: Duncan James R.
Published: June 2017

In medicine, data collection and analysis provide the information needed to reduce diagnostic uncertainty. An examination of how medical imaging data is collected and then transformed into diagnostic information provides testable ideas for better managing this dynamic process. In other fields, process data is systematically assessed for differences between observed and predicted values. For studies that expose patients to the potentially harmful effects of ionizing radiation, monitoring imaging studies/illness, images/imaging study and radiation exposure/image would be steps towards developing radiation dose budgets for the diagnosis and treatment of common conditions. Random variation within the expected range would signal a high quality process. Conversely, single outlying cases or nonrandom variation within the expected range would trigger an investigation for a possible underlying cause. Such investigations would provide insights into how to continually improve this important aspect of healthcare.
Assigning responsibility to close the loop on radiology test results
Authors: Kwan Janice L. , Singh Hardeep
Published: June 2017

Failure to follow-up on test results represents a serious breakdown point in the diagnostic process which can lead to missed or delayed diagnoses and patient harm. Amidst discussions to ensure fail-safe test result follow-up, an important, yet under-discussed question emerges: how do we determine who is ultimately responsible for initiating follow-up action on the tests that are ordered? This seemingly simple question belies its true complexity. Although many of these complexities are also applicable to other diagnostic specialities, the field of medical imaging provides an ideal context to discuss the challenges of attributing responsibility of test result follow-up. In this review, we summarize several key concepts and challenges in the context of critical results, wet reads, and incidental findings to stimulate further discussion on responsibility issues in radiology. These discussions could help establish reliable closed-loop communication to ensure that every test result is sent, received, acknowledged and acted upon without failure.
Simulating Progressive Damage of Notched Composite Laminates with Various Lamination Schemes
Authors: Mandal B. , Chakrabarti A.
Published: June 2017

A three dimensional finite element based progressive damage model has been developed for the failure analysis of notched composite laminates. The material constitutive relations and the progressive damage algorithms are implemented into finite element code ABAQUS using user-defined subroutine UMAT. The existing failure criteria for the composite laminates are modified by including the failure criteria for fiber/matrix shear damage and delamination effects. The proposed numerical model is quite efficient and simple compared to other progressive damage models available in the literature. The efficiency of the present constitutive model and the computational scheme is verified by comparing the simulated results with the results available in the literature. A parametric study has been carried out to investigate the effect of change in lamination scheme on the failure behaviour of notched composite laminates.
Natural Frequencies of Axisymmetric Vibrations of Thin Hyperbolic Circular Plates with Clamped Edges
Authors: Jaroszewicz J.
Published: June 2017

A free vibration analysis of homogeneous and isotropic circular thin plates with nonlinear thickness variation and clamped edges is considered. The limited independent solutions of differential Euler equation were expanded in the power series based on the properties of integral equations. The analytical frequency equations as power series were obtained using the method of successive approximations.
Mechanical Parameters of the Curvilinear Squeeze Film Bearing Lubricated by a Gecim-Winer Fluid
Authors: Walicka A. , Walicki E.
Published: June 2017

Based upon a Gecim-Winer fluid flow model, a curvilinear squeeze film bearing is considered. The equations of motion are given in a specific coordinates system. After general considerations on the Gecim-Winer fluid flow these equations are used to derive the Reynolds equation. The solution of this equation is obtained by a method of successive approximation. As a result one obtains formulae expressing the pressure distribution and load-carrying capacity. The numerical examples of the Gecim-Winer fluid flow in gaps of two simple bearings: radial and spherical are presented.
First record of Platyrrhinus fusciventris (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) for the Caatinga biome
Authors: Rocha Patrício A. , Pedroso Mônica A. , Velazco Paúl M.
Published: June 2017

The Neotropical genus Platyrrhinus includes 21 small- to medium-sized bat species. Until recently, the known distribution of Platyrrhinus fusciventris in Brazil was restricted to the Amazon and Cerrado biomes. Herein, we report the easternmost record of this species, extending its distribution to the Caatinga biome, in Northeastern Brazil, Sergipe state. The specimen reported extends the known eastern limit of the species distribution by more than 800 km, suggesting that this species, although preferring rainforest habitats, also possesses the plasticity to exploit resources of the seasonal dry forests, as the Caatinga.
Studies on oxidative transformations of thiols, sulfides and alcohols in the presence of chlorine dioxide
Authors: Kutchin Alexander V. , Rubtsova Svetlana A. , Lezina Olga M. , Sudarikov Denis V. , Frolova Larisa L. , Loginova Irina V. , Popov Alexey V. , Grebyonkina Olga N.
Published: June 2017

Our recent studies on the chemical reactivity of chlorine dioxide in the reactions with sulfur and oxygen containing compounds are reviewed. A special attention is given to chlorine dioxide interaction with alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, monoterpenyl thiols, sulfides and disulfides. The data on the oxidation of monoterpene alcohols and phenols are also presented. The directions of reactions depending on the structure of the compounds were identified.
Heavy metal removal from waste waters by phosphonate metal organic frameworks
Authors: Maranescu Bianca , Lupa Lavinia , Visa Aurelia
Published: June 2017

The increase attention in the area of phosphonate metal organic framework is exemplified with a variety of applications and a rich chemistry of these compounds. Water pollution caused by heavy metal ions is a major concern due to their toxicity to many life forms. In order to decrease the heavy metals impact upon the environment various technologies of water treatment such as: chemical sedimentation, ion exchange, redox process are studied. The tendency is to find a versatile and economical method of heavy metals removal from waste waters. Phosphonate metal organic frameworks were obtained by the reaction of Ni(CH3COO)2·4H2O, phosphonic acid (phosphonoacetic (CP), vinyl phosphonic acid (VP) and N,N-bis(phosphonomethyl)glycine (Gly)) in hydrothermal conditions. Coordination polymers synthesized were characterized by FTIR, XRD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The adsorption processes represent a very good alternative for heavy metals removal due to low costs and ease of operation. In the present paper the adsorption performance of the mentioned materials in the removal process of heavy metals from aqueous solutions, was studied using the batch method. The adsorption conditions were investigated by varying the initial pH, contact time and adsorbate initial concentration for chromium metal ions removal from aqueous solutions. It was found that the adsorption efficiency of the studied materials in the removal process of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solutions is in the following order: Ni-CP<Ni-Gly≤Ni-VP.
Computing the Ediz eccentric connectivity index of discrete dynamic structures
Authors: Wu Hualong , Kamran Siddiqui Muhammad , Zhao Bo , Gan Jianhou , Gao Wei
Published: June 2017

From the earlier studies in physical and chemical sciences, it is found that the physico-chemical characteristics of chemical compounds are internally connected with their molecular structures. As a theoretical basis, it provides a new way of thinking by analyzing the molecular structure of the compounds to understand their physical and chemical properties. In our article, we study the physico-chemical properties of certain molecular structures via computing the Ediz eccentric connectivity index from mathematical standpoint. The results we yielded mainly apply to the techniques of distance and degree computation of mathematical derivation, and the conclusions have guiding significance in physical engineering.
Pteridine determination in human serum with special emphasis on HPLC methods with fluorimetric detection
Authors: Espinosa-Mansilla Anunciación , Durán-Merás Isabel
Published: June 2017

Conjugated and unconjugated pteridines and their derivatives are important cofactors in cellular metabolism. Hence, the amount of unconjugated pteridines in biological fluids has been found to be modified as a result of several disorders. It is necessary to note that while for the control of pteridines in urine samples there are numerous reference data, the literature referred to for the analysis of these analytes in serum/plasma is scarce. In biological fluids, pteridines can exist in different oxidation states, and these compounds can be classified into two groups according to: (a) oxidized or aromatic pteridines and (b) reduced pteridines. Oxidized pteridines yield a strong fluorescence signal, whereas reduced pteridines present a low quantum yield of fluorescence. In order to enable the analysis of the reduced forms, several preoxidation procedures to generate aromatic rings have been established. Also, stabilization of the reduced forms by the addition of reducing agents has been widely reported. The objective of this paper is to show possibilities and different approaches in the analysis of pteridines in serum samples. We have mainly focused on the description of the current situation in the application of high-performance chromatography methods with fluorimetric detection.
Dicholoroacetate exerts anti-cancer activity on human renal cell carcinoma cells
Authors: Kalay Saban , Dogan Aysegul , Turkan Ali , Demiroglu-Zergeroglu Asuman
Published: June 2017

Aim

Impaired mitochondrial function is a consequence of HIF1-induced overexpression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) which phosphorylates and inactivates pyruvate dehydrogenase multi-enzyme complex (PDC), which converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA for entry into the TCA cycle. Shifting cancer cells from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation induces apoptosis, which is a new therapeutic strategy by utilizing PDK inhibitors. In this work, the effect of PDK inhibitor, dichloroacetate (DCA) has been investigated in Human renal carcinoma cell line.

Methods

Adherent epithelium renal cell adenocarcinoma (ACHN) cells were treated with different concentrations of DCA at different time periods. Cell viability was measured by WST assay, cell-cycle profile and apoptosis were assessed by using flow cytometry. Metabolites of the cell extracts were analyzed by LC-MS/MS.

Results

DCA reduced cell viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Treatment with DCA induced G1 arrest and apoptosis in ACHN cells. Additionally, metabolite changes of ACHN cell line upon DCA treatments showed that lactate, citrate, N-acetylaspartate and 5-oxoproline levels, which were high in untreated cells, significantly reduced upon DCA treatment.

Conclusion

Potential anti-carcinogenic effects of DCA, including inhibition of cell proliferation and growth, and induction of apoptosis, as well as the ability of markedly reducing lactate levels make this agent a promising drug candidate in renal adenocarcinomas.
Synthesis of fused 1,4-dihydropyridines as potential calcium channel blockers
Authors: Ozer Erdem Kamil , Gunduz Miyase Gozde , El-Khouly Ahmed , Sara Yildirim , Simsek Rahime , Iskit Alper Bektas , Safak Cihat
Published: June 2017

Objective

The aim of this study was to synthesize ten 1,4-dihydropyridine (DHP) derivatives in which substituted cyclohexane rings were fused to the DHP ring and to determine how different ester groups and the benzoyl substituent introduced in 4-phenyl ring affected their calcium channel blocking activity.

Methods

A microwave-assisted one-pot method was applied for the synthesis of compound 1–5 according to a modified Hantzsch reaction. The benzoyl moiety was introduced in the 4-phenyl ring of these dihydropyridines by refluxing with benzoyl chloride in acetone in the presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate. Synthesized products were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The inhibitory actions of compounds 1–10 on calcium channel blocking activity were tested on isolated rat aorta preparations.

Results

The obtained pharmacological results showed that although all compounds are potent relaxing agents on isolated rat aorta smooth muscle, introduction of a benzoyloxy substitiuent on the phenyl ring (compound 6–10) decreased the relaxant effect of these compunds.

Conclusion

The reported 1,4-DHP derivatives have calcium channel blocking activity on rat aorta smooth muscle.
The effects of hydraulic calcium silicate containing endodontic materials on oxidative stress in erythrocytes and liver
Authors: Demirkaya Kadriye , Can Demirdöğen Birsen , Öncel Torun Zeynep , Erdem Onur , Tunca Yaşar Meriç
Published: June 2017

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of hydraulic calcium silicate endodontic cements, MTA Angelus, MTA Fillapex, and Theracal LC, on erythrocyte and liver oxidative stress parameters of rats.

Methods

Right upper incisor of each rat was extracted and polyethylene tubes containing the dental cements, or left empty for the control group, were inserted into the extraction socket. Blood and liver samples of each animal were obtained after 7, 30, or 60 days. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were determined by spectrophotometry.

Results

Erythrocyte and liver TBARS levels, and CAT and SOD enzymatic activities were significantly increased in dental cement applied groups compared with controls on day 7. The highest erythrocyte and liver TBARS concentrations were observed in the MTA Angelus group on day 7 of exposure. On day 30, erythrocyte CAT activity remained markedly high, but the other parameters returned to almost normal levels. On day 60, all parameters were similar between the control and the experimental groups.

Conclusions

This is the first study to show that TBARS levels and antioxidant enzyme activities are transiently increased as a result of dental cement application.
Structural analyses of the interactions between the thyme active ingredients and human serum albumin
Authors: Khalili Saeed , Zakeri Alireza , Hashemi Zahra Sadat , Masoumikarimi Masoumeh , Rezaei Manesh Mohammad Reza , Shariatifar Nabi , Jafari Sani Moslem
Published: June 2017

Objective

Therapeutic effects of thyme and the mechanism underlying the function of its active ingredients are the areas of active investigation. In this regard, understanding the potential interactions between the active ingredients of the thyme leaf and the serum albumin would bring about new insight on the bio-distribution, circulatory half-life and consequently their pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties.

Methods

The 3D structures of carvacrol, linalool, p-cymene and thymol molecules as the thyme active ingredients and the 3D structure of albumin were harnessed from the structural databases. Then, these structures were prepared for molecular docking analyses by Autodock vina software. Ultimately, the binding energies between docked albumin and thyme active ingredients were calculated and their interactions were predicted.

Results

Our results indicated that all active ingredients of thyme can interact with albumin molecule at drug binding site 3 and fatty acid binding site 5. The structural properties of the ingredients effect their interaction sites and binding energies.

Conclusion

It could be concluded that albumin, as the most abundant protein of the serum, could act as the bio-distributor of thyme active ingredients. This property would be of great significance to exert the desired therapeutic effects.
Preparation of rapeseed protein hydrolysates with ACE inhibitory activity by optimization and molecular weight distribution of hydrolysates
Authors: Wali Asif , Ma Haile , Rashid Muhammad Tayyab , Liang Qui Fang
Published: June 2017

Objective

The main purpose of this study was to screen effective proteolytic enzymes for producing hydrolysates from rapes protein, and to optimize hydrolysis conditions using response surface design to prepare hydrolysates with maximum ACE inhibitor activity.

Methods

RSM design was successfully applied to the hydrolysis conditions on the basis of single factor experiments which further derived a statistical model for experimental validation. The molecular weight distribution of rapeseed protein hydrolysates with different degree of hydrolysis was also investigated.

Results

All the proteolytic enzymes tested produced hydrolysates that possessed ACE inhibitory activity. Aiding RSM design the highest ACE inhibitory activity 56.3% was achieved under optimum hydrolysis conditions at the hydrolysis time, pH, hydrolysis temperature, and enzyme dosage were at 90.11 min, 8.88, 50°C and 3580.36 Ug−1. The mathematical model demonstrated a good fit with experimental results. Furthermore, the molecular weight distribution of rapeseed protein hydrolysates showed remarkable changes, most notably the <500 Da fractions of the rapeseed protein hydrolysates.

Conclusion

Enzymatic hydrolysis and response surface methodology found good techniques in order to achieve hydrolysates with maximum ACE inhibitory activity. The findings of current research suggested that the hydrolysates obtained under optimized conditions could be utilized to formulate nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals
Synthesis and crystal structure of a new homoleptic tetraarylruthenium(IV) complex Ru(2,4,5-Me3C6H2)4
Authors: Wang Chang-Jiu , Wu Xiu-Li , Ma Xiu-Fang , Jia Ai-Quan , Zhang Qian-Feng
Published: June 2017

Treatment of [Ru(acac)3] (acac−=acetylacetonate) with (2,4,5-Me3C6H2)MgBr, followed by column chromatography in air, afforded the homoleptic tetraaryl-ruthenium(IV) complex [Ru(2,4,5-Me3C6H2)4] (1) in moderate yield. The product was characterized by proton NMR spectroscopy and microanalyses. Its crystal structure has also been established by X-ray crystallography.
Effects of Selective Deletion of Tyrosine Hydroxylase from Kisspeptin Cells on Puberty and Reproduction in Male and Female Mice
Authors: Stephens Shannon B. Z. , Rouse Melvin L. , Tolson Kristen P. , Liaw Reanna B. , Parra Ruby A. , Chahal Navi , Kauffman Alexander S.
Published: June 2017

The neuropeptide kisspeptin, encoded byKiss1, regulates reproduction by stimulating GnRH secretion.Kiss1-syntheizing neurons reside primarily in the hypothalamic anteroventral periventricular (AVPV/PeN) and arcuate (ARC) nuclei. AVPV/PeNKiss1neurons are sexually dimorphic, with females expressing moreKiss1than males, and participate in estradiol (E2)-induced positive feedback control of GnRH secretion. In mice, most AVPV/PeNKiss1cells coexpress tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine synthesis (in this case, dopamine). Dopamine treatment can inhibit GnRH neurons, but the function of dopamine signaling arising specifically from AVPV/PeNKiss1cells is unknown. We generated a novel TH flox mouse and used Cre-Lox technology to selectively ablateTHspecifically fromKiss1cells. We then examined the effects of selectiveTHknock-out on puberty and reproduction in both sexes. In control mice, 90% of AVPV/PeNKiss1neurons coexpressedTH, whereas in mice lackingTHexclusively inKiss1cells (termed Kiss THKOs),THwas successfully absent from virtually allKiss1cells. Despite this absence ofTH, both female and male Kiss THKOs displayed normal body weights, puberty onset, and basal gonadotropin levels in adulthood, although testosterone (T) was significantly elevated in adult male Kiss THKOs. The E2-induced LH surge was unaffected in Kiss THKO females, and neuronal activation status of kisspeptin and GnRH cells was also normal. Supporting this, fertility and fecundity were normal in Kiss THKOs of both sexes. Thus, despite high colocalization ofTHandKiss1in the AVPV/PeN, dopamine produced in these cells is not required for puberty or reproduction, and its function remains unknown.
Macao and Hong Kong, Convergence or Divergence?
Authors: Ieong Meng U
Published: June 2017

By examining the origins of Macao’s 2014 protest against the Retirement Package Bill, this paper intends to answer whether Macao is encountering a governance crisis like Hong Kong’s. Through a careful comparison, it concludes that Macao and Hong Kong are unlikely to follow the same political development trajectory, as there are considerable differences in the level of social mobilization and governmental coercive capacity between the two cities.
China and the Network of East Asian Think Tanks
Authors: Jong Kim Hyung , Ping Lee Poh
Published: June 2017

This study considers some conditions for the socialization of China into an East Asian community through the Network of East Asian Think Tanks. These conditions include norm characteristics, social environment, and norm reconciliation. The study argues that China has achieved some limited success, as NEAT members lack a common vision.
The Clearing
Authors: Escobar Ticio
Published: June 2017

This article is the translation of an important critical review of Paz Encina's first feature film, Paraguayan Hammock (2006), by noted critic Ticio Escobar, originally published in Spanish as “El Claro,” in the book La cámara sin ley: Hamaca Paraguaya y la refundación globalizada del cine guaraní, edited by Alejo Magariños (Servilibro: Asunción, 2016), 19–24.
Developing Science Process Skills and Problem Solving Abilities Based on Outdoor Learning in Junior High School
Authors: Wahyuni S. , Indrawati I. , Sudarti S. , Suana W.
Published: June 2017

This research aims to develop science process skills and problem-solving abilities based on outdoor learning in junior high school. This study uses a mixed method design embedded experimental models. Data was performed in the qualitative and quantitative analysis. Qualitative data analysis is used to determine the science process skills while quantitative data analysis is used to determine the increasing problem-solving ability by using normalized gain (N gain) formula. The results show that the science process skills developed at every phase comprise of making observations, formulating hypotheses, experiment, create data, classify and analyze the data, formulating its conclusions, communicate, and apply the concepts and make predictions obtained by the average value of 75.33 in the good category. While the problem-solving ability of students based on outdoor learning also increased by 0.58 in the medium category. The conclusions of this research show that the application of outdoor learning can be teacher use as an alternative to learning, so it is quite effective in developing science process skills and problem-solving abilities.
SHS Students’ Difficulty in Solving Impulsee and Momenyum Problem
Authors: Saifullah A. M. , Sutopo S. , Wisodo H.
Published: June 2017

Impulse momentum theorem is one of the fundamental principles of physics, especially in mechanics. Therefore, students’ understanding of impulse and momentum will contribute to their success in learning physics. This study exposed common students difficulties in solving problems related to impulse and momentum. The subjects consisted of 175 students of a Senior High School in Malang, 70 students of grade XI who recently learned about impulse and momentum and 105 students of grade XII who relearned the topic for national examination preparation. The data were gathered using multiple-choice test with open explanation and confidence rating scale. The study concluded that the students’ difficulties were not only caused by their lack understanding of the concepts but also by their deficiency in using vectors.
The Development of Local Wisdom-Based Natural Science Module to Improve Science Literation of Students
Authors: Setiawan B. , Innatesari D. K. , Sabtiawan W. B. , Sudarmin S.
Published: June 2017

The vulnerability of communities in facing volcano disaster is one of the indicators of the low literacy of science. The low knowledge about volcanic material causes it needs to be packed in an attractive learning so that it can tap into the ability of students’ science literacy by using teaching materials that are closer to student learning environments. This research aims to develop the local wisdom-based natural science module on the theme of Mount Kelud eruption, which is both theoretical and empirical. The type of this research development is Research and Development (R & D) by adapting the ASSURE instructional design. The results of this research are the validation results of theoretical feasibility of teaching materials based on the components of material feasibility of 87, 5% with very good category, components of presentation feasibility of 91, 7% with very good category, components of language feasibility of 88, 9% with very good category, components of local wisdom values of 87, 5% with very good category, and components of science literacy feasibility of 88, 9% with 88, 9% with very good category. The results of empirical feasibility are the test results of students’ science literacy with N-gain variation value of 0,2; 0,3; and 0,4 respectively with low, medium, and medium category. The results show that the developed local wisdom-based natural science module is suitable to improve the ability of students’ science literacy either theoretically or empirically.
THE CONTENT OF POLYPHENOLS AND CHOSEN HEAVY METALS IN CHICKPEA SEEDS (CICER ARIETINUM L.) AFTER MICRONUTRIENTS APPLICATION INTO SOIL
Authors: Timoracká MÃ¡ria , Vollmannová Alena
Published: June 2017

The aim of work was the investigation of the input of chosen heavy metals into chickpea and polyphenols accumulation in seeds cultivated after Zn and Cu application into soil in model conditions. The soil used in the pot trial was uncontaminated. Chickpea (cv. Slovák) was harvested in full ripeness. With increased Zn (Cu) doses applied into the soil (0-500 and 0-100 mg.kg-1 for Zn and Cu, respectively), the strong statistical positive relationship between soil Zn (Cu) content and Zn (Cu) amount in seeds of chickpea was confirmed. Despite of high Zn (Cu) doses applied into the soil in model conditions, in all variants the determined Zn and Cu amount in chickpea was below the maximal allowed content in foodstuffs. Chickpea cv. Slovák accumulated high amounts of Pb and Cd (in all variants higher than hygienic limits). The contents of other tested heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr) were lower than hygienic limits. With increased Zn doses applied into the soil the polyphenols contents determined in seeds of chickpea were increased. With increased Cu doses applied into the soil the polyphenols contents determined in seeds of chickpea were decreased. The strong statistical relationship between soil Zn content and polyphenols amount (R=0.911) as well as the antioxidant capacity values (R=0.992) was confirmed. The moderate statistical linear negative relationship between soil Cu content and polyphenols content (R= - 0.671) and increased antioxidant capacity values in seeds of chickpea was confirmed.
PREPARATION OF PLANT VECTOR CONSTRUCT CONTAINING DEHYDRIN GENE At2g21490
Authors: Zimová MÃ¡ria , Boszorádová Eva , Gregorová Zuzana , Matušíková IldikÃ³ , Moravčíková Jana
Published: June 2017

This work is focused on preparation of a plant transformation vector pDH2 containing the expression unit of the dehydrin gene At2g21490 under a control of the constitutive dCaMV 35S promoter and the selectable marker neomycin phosphotransferase gene controlled by the nos promoter. The gene At2g21490 is classified as a dehydrin of the type K2SY2. The gene was isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana by PCR approach. The plasmid pDH2 was transformed into the strain Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA 4404. The stability of the plasmid pDH2 in Agrobacterium has been verified by restriction analysis after re-transformation of the pDH2 into Escherichia coli.
POTENTIAL OF SELECTED SSR MARKERS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF MALTING BARLEY GENOTYPES
Authors: Tomka MariÃ¡n , Urminská Dana , Chňapek Milan , Gálová Zdenka
Published: June 2017

Cereals are main part of human nutrition and strategic resources. Thousands of barley varieties are used in food industry and especially for the production of malt in the brewing industry. In the present study, we were focused on utilization of SSR markers for differentiation and characterization of different barley genotypes. Barley collection was analyzed by 4 pure and 1 compound markers. Using STMS method we have revealed significant polymorphism. A total of 27 alleles were detected among 24 varieties with an average of 5.4 alleles per locus. Average values for index of diversity (DI), polymorphic information content (PIC) were 0.767, 0.756 respectively. The highest level of polymorphism was detected with SSR marker Bmag 0222 (7 alleles) which also revealed one heterozygous variety. Dendrogram was created by hierarchic cluster analysis using UPGMA algorithm on the basis of detected alleles. Analyzed genotypes were divided into three clusters so it can be used to study genetic relations among collection of analyzed barley varieties.
THE FAMILY OF CHITINASES IN COTTON G. raimondii
Authors: M. Asrorov Akmal , Matušíková IldikÃ³ , Gálová Zdenka , Gregorová Zuzana , Mészáros Patrik , Dalimova Surayyo , Salikhov Shavkat
Published: June 2017

Chitinases are enzymes widely spread in plants with no endogenous substrate and play significant role to lyse the cell walls of many pathogens. Their role in defense is firmly established. Recently, their functions in plants have been extended to response to abiotic stresses and various developmental plant processes. The gene family of chitinases is well characterized in some model species. Few researches on their involvement in cotton defense against pathogens have been reported. Here were investigated Gossypium raimondii genome in the Phytozome database for the presence of homologues. BLAST similarity search, using five chitinase representatives from Arabidopsis belonging to different classes I-V, identified a total of 41 non-redundant chitinase gene sequences in cotton. We analysed them in silico using available bioinformatics software and characterized their basic molecular structures. Signal peptides, carbohydrate-binding domains, hinge regions were predicted, molecular weights and expected isoelectric points were calculated. Genes were divided into different chitinase classes based on homology clustering with genes from Arabidopsis. The individual family members were further linked to expression data and/or literary knowledge, which is in relation to cotton rather scarce. Knowledge on chitinase gene family members in cotton provides a basic for further basic- as well as applied cotton research as they are functionally validated.
Evaluation of six leaf angle distribution functions in the Castillo® coffee variety
Authors: Unigarro M. Carlos Andrés , Jaramillo R. Álvaro , Flórez R. Claudia Patricia
Published: June 2017

The study was conducted at the "Estación Central Naranjal Ce-nicafé" (National Coffee Research Center, Chinchina, Caldas, Colombia) on Coffea arábica L. variety Castillo® to find the leaf angle distribution function that best described the tilt of the angles present in the canopy. Leaf angles were recorded for 1,559 leaves located in the upper, middle and lower profiles of the canopy. The observed leaf angle distribution was compared with the Beta, ellipsoidal and four de Wit distribution functions. The fit between comparisons was determined by the Pearson X2 test and its significance, the regression coefficient statistically equal to one and the RMSE. Likewise, the leaf angle distribution recorded in the field per profile and their combination was described based on three angle classes (1stclass: 0°-30°; 2nd class: 30°-60°; and 3rd class: 60°-90°) according to the Goudriaan criterion. Generally, the leaf angle distribution present in the canopy of Castillo® coffee variety is adequately described by the Beta function with two parameters and the ellipsoidal function based on the adjustment provided by the statistical tests.
Evaluation of a NIR camera for monitoring yield and nitrogen effect in sugarcane
Authors: García Cesar Edwin , Montero David , Chica Hector Alberto
Published: June 2017

The main objective of the research carried out in the sugar productive sector in Colombia is to improve crop productivity of sugarcane. The rise of RPAS, together with the use of multispectral cameras, which allows for high spatial resolution images and spectral information outside the visible spectrum, has generated an alternative nondestructive technological approach to monitoring crop sugarcane that must be evaluated and adapted to the specific conditions of Colombia's sugar productive sector. In this context, this paper assesses the potential of a modified camera (NIR) to discriminate three varieties of sugarcane, as well as three doses of fertilization and estimating the sugarcane yield at an early stage, for the three varieties through multiple vegetation indices. In this study, no significant differences were found by vegetation index between fertilization doses, and only significant differences between varieties were found when the fertilization was normal or high. Likewise, multiple regressions between scores derived from vegetation indices after applying PCA and productivity produced determinations of up to 56%.
DIEL VARIATION OF pH AND DISSOLVED OXYGEN IN DIFFERENT FERTILZED FISHPONDS BUILT ON ACID SULPHATE SOILS
Authors: Husnah Husnah
Published: June 2017

An experiment in order to know the effect of fertilizers on diel variation of pH anddissolved oxygen (DO) in pondw.ter was carried out for t6 weeks in acid sulphate soilfrcshwater fisiponds at the Research Station For Freshwater Fisheries Kertamulia, South Sumetra, Indonesia
PENELITIAN ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN KETERSEDIAAN IKAN MENJELANG IDUL FITRI 1436 H
Authors: Suryawati Siti Hajar , Saptanto Subhechanis , Wardono Budi , Wijaya Rizki Aprilian , Witomo Cornelia Mirwantini
Published: June 2017

Menjelang hari raya idul fitri kebutuhan bahan pangan mengalami peningkatan permintaan yang berbanding lurus terhadap ketersediaan dan kenaikan harga. Salah satu komoditas bahan pangan yang mengalami peningkatan permintaan dan kenaikan harga adalah komoditas ikan. Tulisan ini bertujuan menganalisis ketersediaan ikan menjelang idul fitri dengan menggunakan pendekatan metode Coppock Instability Index (CII). Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder produksi ikan menurut triwulan dan harga ikan harian yang dikeluarkan oleh Direktorat Jenderal Pengolahan dan Pemasaran Hasil Perikanan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwapada kuartal III dan IV (saat ramadhan dan idul fitri) produksi ikan pada umumnya berada di atas rata-rata (nilai rata-rata sebesar 1,53 juta ton) dimana di kuartal III sebesar 1,57 juta ton dan kuartal IV sebesar 1,60 juta ton. Terdapat 10 provinsi yang berada pada kategori kurang tersedia yaitu provinsi Sumatera Utara, Sumatera Barat, Bangka Belitung, Bengkulu, DKI Jakarta, Jawa Tengah, Sulawesi Utara, Gorontalo, Sulawesi Tengah dan Papua. Kondisi sebelum puasa sebagian indek berada pada kondisi yang stabil dan permintaan ikan meningkat (high growth low instability). Namun berdasarkan indeks ketidakstabilan, pada saat puasa menunjukkan ketidakstabilan yang tinggi dan permintaan ikan meningkat (high growth and high instability). Sementara itu pada saat idul fitri kondisinya adalah ketidakstabilan tinggi dan permintaan ikan menurun (high instability and low growth).