bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiencia vivida por pacientes en diálisis peritoneal domiciliaria: Estudios de casos en la ciudad Pilar, Paraguay
Authors: Morales Fretes Fidel Ramón , Ramirez Davalos Yesica Giovana
Published: November 2023

El artículo presenta los resultados obtenidos de una investigación que parte de la interrogante sobre ¿Cuáles fueron las experiencias vividas durante las etapas iniciales del tratamiento de los pacientes de diálisis peritoneal domiciliaria en la ciudad de Pilar, Paraguay? Para el abordaje del mismo, se adoptó un enfoque metodológico cualitativo, valiéndose del paradigma interpretativista. La producción de datos se realizó mediante entrevistas a informantes claves, previo consentimiento informado. Los hallazgos permiten una aproximación a la experiencia vivida por pacientes en diálisis peritoneal domiciliaria en tres casos de la ciudad de Pilar, Paraguay. Se rescatan tres categorías analíticas: el primer punto hace referencia a la forma de enfrentar emocionalmente, tanto el problema de la falla renal, así como el tratamiento dialítico; el segundo punto es en cuanto a lo experimentado sobre los cambios en sus hábitos, en su vida social y laboral; y por último, y quizás una de las más importantes, las fuentes de apoyo a las que recurrió o tuvo acceso. También se resalta el papel crucial de los profesionales de salud en este proceso, ya que con la adecuada orientación se puede ayudar a los pacientes y a sus familias a lograr una calidad de vida que permita equilibrio entre autocuidado, autonomía y desenvolvimiento social.
Factores que Influyen en la Elección de la Carrera Universitaria en Estudiantes de Educación Media Superior
Authors: Gómez Juana
Published: November 2023

El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo analizar los factores que influyen en la elección de carrera universitaria en estudiantes de educación media superior en Latinoamérica. Se seleccionaron 20 articulos publicados en Scopus, Scielo y Latindex en los últimos cinco años que abordan este tema. La metodología utilizada fue principalmente cuantitativa, a través de la aplicación de encuestas y análisis estadísticos. Los resultados obtenidos indican que los factores más importantes que influyen en la elección de carrera universitaria son la vocación, el interés personal y la influencia de los padres o familiares. Además, se encontró que existen diferencias significativas en la elección de carrera según el género y la región geográfica de los estudiantes. Se destacan como implicancias prácticas la necesidad de fortalecer la orientación vocacional y la promoción de una educación inclusiva y equitativa. Los desafíos a futuro se enfocan en profundizar el análisis de los factores culturales y sociales que influyen en la elección de carrera, así como en el desarrollo de estrategias efectivas de orientación vocacional. Entre las posibles limitaciones se destaca la falta de representatividad de la muestra y la falta de comparabilidad entre los diferentes estudios seleccionados.
Validation of the Filipino Voice Handicap Index-10 (FVHI-10)
Authors: Hernandez Melfred , Atienza Diane Clarice , Madrid Daryl Anne , Valdez Michael
Published: November 2023

Rationale/Objective: The Voice Handicap Index (VHI) is a self-assessment tool that evaluates the patient’s reaction and perception to a vocal disorder. This study aimed to establish, validate and assess the reliability of the Filipino translation of the Voice Handicap Index 10 (FVHI-10). Methods: The VHI-10 was translated and adapted to the Filipino language and culture with the help of the Sentro ng Wikang Filipino- University of the Philippines Manila. A self-assessment of voice quality and FVHI-10 were performed by the patients and their GRBAS scale scoring was rated by a speech language pathologist. The Spearman’s correlation between the FVHI-10 and the self-assessment and GRBAS scale scores was obtained to test for validity. To evaluate the reliability of the FVHI-10, testing through determining internal consistency was conducted through the use of Chronbach α coefficient, inter-item correlation, item-total correlation and Cronbach α coefficient if tool item was deleted. Results: Fifty-five individuals participated in the study (29 males, 26 females, age range: 30-55 years) with the diagnosis of voice disorder based on complaints of hoarseness or dysphonia and laryngoscopic f indings. Convergent validity was confirmed with moderate to strong correlation between the FVHI-10 and self-assessment (r=-.893, p<.05) and GRBAS scale scores (r=.427, p<.05). Reliability as measured through internal consistency was confirmed (Cronbach α=.874) (average ρ<.5) (corrected item-total correlation>0.3) (average inter item correlation=.15-.85). Conclusion: The FVHI-10 was determined to be a valid and reliable instrument that can be utilized in the assessment of Filipino patients with voice disorders. Key words: Dysphonia, voice disorder, reliability, validity, voice handicap index-10, quality of life, Philippines
Gender differences and prevalence of sleeping disorder among arts students in higher learning institutions.
Authors: ZAIDI SITI FATIMAH HUDA , HANIF SITI NUR HANIRA , YUSUF SARINA , ABDUL MUBIN NUR NADIA
Published: November 2023

Every human being need a sufficient amount of high-quality sleep. However, according to studies, both men and women are becoming more afflicted by sleep disorders, which are particularly prevalent among university students. Nowadays, sleep problems are a frequent occurrence in people's daily lives. Due to the fact that female students have more difficulty falling asleep and continuously wake up earlier than male students, they are more impacted than their male counterparts. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to determine the prevalence of sleeping disorders between males and females among Music and Performing Art students in the institutes of higher learning. The survey was conducted online in June 2020. One hundred students from the faculty participated in this cross-sectional study. Simple random sampling used to select the samples. Students who took part in this survey were predominately female, 52% and male, 48%. The study found that here is a statistically significant difference between male and female Music and Performing Art students in the institutes of higher learning when it comes to sleeping disorder. The findings of the study revealed that there is a statistically significant difference in sleeping disorders between males and females’ students enrolled in a higher education institution. Hence, male and female morphologic differences in the context of sleeping difficulties may be revealed as a result of our study, which may provide information and evidence of such differences.
PENGARUH PIJAT OKSITOSIN TERHADAP LAMA PERSALINAN KALA I FASE AKTIF DI KLINIK PIM KOTA DEPOK TAHUN 2021
Authors: Saleha Sitti , Sulastriningsih Kursih
Published: November 2023

Background: The other causes of maternal deaths In West Java Province, 19.74%, one of which was due to prolonged labor. One way to speed up the progress of labor is by giving oxytocin massage. The purpose of the study was to knowing the effect of oxytocin massage on the duration of the active phase of the first stage of labor at the Ismail Medika Inpatient Pratama Clinic, Depok Period March-April 2021. Methods: quasi-experimental research design using a posttest only design with control groups. The sample in this study amounted to 30 mothers giving birth with each group consisting of 15 respondents with purposive sampling technique. The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test which was previously tested for normality. Result: univariate analysis of the duration of labor in the first active phase of the intervention group was mostly normal 86.7%, the control group was mostly 66.7%. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was an effect of oxytocin massage on the duration of the first stage of labor in the active phase with a significance value of 0.000. The conclusion of this research is oxytocin massage affects the duration of the active phase of the first stage of labor. Suggestions for midwives are expected to be able to assist maternity mothers in meeting the mother's need for comfort in non-pharmacological pain control when providing delivery care by applying the oxytocin massage technique so that labor can run effectively and safely both in terms of the length of labor and the condition of the baby being born.
HUBUNGAN SENAM HAMIL TERHADAP PENURUNAN TINGKAT KECEMASAN MENGHADAPI PERSALINAN DI RS S TAHUN 2021
Authors: Mutmainah Vepti Triana
Published: November 2023

Background: Pregnancy exercise is very necessary for every pregnant woman, because pregnancy exercise can make the body fit and healthy, and can make pregnant women still able to carry out daily activities, so that stress due to anxiety before childbirth can be minimized. In 2019, 10 pregnant women in TR III were found, 8 of whom said they were worried about childbirth and 2 of them said they were normal because they took part in pregnancy exercises. . Research Objectives: To determine the relationship between pregnancy exercise and the reduction of anxiety levels during childbirth at the S Hospital. Research Methods: This type of research is an analytic observational study, with a case control design. The sample in this study were 36 pregnant women who previously regularly participated in pregnancy exercise, and 36 pregnant women who had never participated in pregnancy exercise. The level of anxiety of pregnant women will be measured by the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. Research Results: The results of the Mann-Whitney Test showed that there were differences in the level of anxiety in the group who routinely participated in pregnancy exercise and the group that had never participated in pregnancy exercise before (P = 0.007). There is an effect of pregnancy exercise on decreasing the level of anxiety facing the delivery process in pregnant women at the S Hospital.
ANALISIS PELAKSANAAN PEMANTAUAN PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN BALITA DI POSYANDU PADA MASA ADAPTASI KEBIASAAN BARU
Authors: Sumartini Erwina
Published: November 2023

Coronavirus Deasease 2019 (Covid-19) merupakan pandemi yang muncul pada akhir tahun 2019 dan memberikan dampak terhadap keberlangsungan pelayanan kesehatan bayi dan balita. Tujuan penelitian yaitu mengetahui gambaran ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana di posyandu, pelaksanaan pemantauan pertumbuhan perkembangan balita di Posyandu pada saat tidak diberlakukan pembatasan sosial masyarakat, pemantauan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan balita di wilayah kerja Posyandu saat pemberlakukan pembatasan sosial masyarakat, tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dan keberhasilan program pada masa pandemi covid-19. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan survey.

Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu ketua kader posyandu yang ada di wilayah kerja Desa Tanjungsari. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah total sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 8 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah format wawancara dan format observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sarana pemantauan pertumbuhan lengkap 100%, sarana pemanataun perkembangan kurang lengkap 100%, sarana pencegahan penularan dan physical distancing kurang lengkap 50% dan tidak lengkap 50%, prasarana Posyandu kurang sesuai 100%. Pengorganisasian posyandu kurang baik 75%, kegiatan sebelum hari buka posyandu kurang baik 100%, pelayanan pemantauan pertumbuah dan perkembangan di Posyandu kurang baik 100%, dan kegiatan di luar hari buka posyandu kurang baik 87,5%. Pemantauan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan di wilayah kerja selama tidak dilaksanakan posyandu 100% tidak dilakukan, memastikan orangtua memantau pertumbuhan dan perkembangan secara mandiri dengan buku KIA tidak dilakukan 87,5%, laporan masalah anak dari orang tua/pengasuh selama tidak di gelar posyandu 75%, pemantauan terhadap anak dengan masalah pertumbuhan dan perkembangan 37,5% tidak dilakukan. Tingkat partisipasi masyarakat 75% baik, keberhasilan program posyandu 100% kurang baik. Saran perlu adanya peningkatan jumlah dan kapasitas kader posyandu untuk melakukan penyesuaian penyelenggaraan posyandu pada masa adaptasi kebiasaan baru serta peningkatan pemanfaatan buku KIA oleh kader dan orang tua/pengasuh balita.
Possibility of allergen specific immunotherapy in atopic dermatitis
Authors:   Department of Dermatology, University of Debrecen, Soltész Lilla , Jenei-Kluch Lenke , Sawhney Irina , Szegedi Andrea , Gáspár Krisztián
Published: November 2023

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease with heterogeneous clinical manifestations and complex pathomechanism. The disease requires lifelong management BY expanding range of therapeutic options. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) can be used as a disease-modifying treatment in well-defined allergic disorders. The aim of this article is to introduce AIT to readers and to review its potential application in AD.
Update on hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors:   Department of Dermatology, University of Debrecen, Palatka Réka , Gáspár Krisztián , Juhász István , Kapitány Anikó , Szegedi Andrea
Published: November 2023

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, systemic, inflammatory disease that affects the apocrine gland-rich areas of the skin. The primary alteration is epithelial hyperplasia and follicular occlusion of the pilosebaceous unit, followed by cyst formation and follicular rupture. Both the innate and adaptive immune response elements participate in inflammation. As a result, painful, inflamed nodes, abscesses, fistulas, and scarring occur which has a detrimental effect on the quality of life. Besides antibiotic treatment, the only approved biological therapy is still adalimumab. This article provides an overview of the recent findings in diagnosis, severity assessment, pathomechanism, and novel treatments of HS.
Lentigo maligna melanoma
Authors:   Department of Dermatology, University of Debrecen, Ványai Beatrix , Szabó Imre Lőrinc , Veres Imre , Soltész Lilla , Várvölgyi Tünde , Emri Gabriella
Published: November 2023

Lentigo maligna melanoma is a relatively rare subtype of melanoma that appears de novo on the chronically sun-damaged skin of the elderly. Initially, it is a variably pigmented, sometimes amelanotic, slow-growing, irregular flat macule on the skin, which is melanoma in situ (lentigo maligna), and often persists for 10-15 years before developing into an invasive tumour. Dermoscopic examination in differentiating from other melanocytic and non-melanocytic lesions at early stage can be challenging. In many cases, the borders of the tumour cannot be determined precisely, not even histologically, which is why local recurrence is relatively common. In this paper, we present the specifics of the clinicopathological classification, dermoscopic differential diagnosis and treatment of lentigo maligna melanoma.
Regional differences of the healthy skin
Authors:   Department of Dermatology, University of Debrecen, Kapitány Anikó , Nagy Viktória , Rente Ágnes , Dajnoki Zsolt , Sajtos László , Gáspár Krisztián , Törőcsik Dániel , Szegedi Andrea
Published: November 2023

As one of our most important barrier organs, our skin has complex functions, both to connect us with the outside world and to protect us from its harmful effects. According to literature data, skin barrier can be divided into 4 functional units: microbial, chemical, physical and immunological barriers. The microbial and chemical barriers have been previously shown to exhibit different characteristics in topographically distinct skin regions. The research group at the Department of Dermatology, University of Debrecen, Hungary, has investigated whether the physical and immunological barriers also show differences in different skin areas. This article summarises the working group’s research on this topic, which demonstrated that, in addition to the microbial and chemical barriers, the other two barriers also differ in distinct skin regions. These differences may explain the characteristic localisation of certain region-specific skin diseases.
Pilonidal disease in adolescence: from the local treatment to flap rotation
Authors:   Heim Pál National Pediatric Institute, Department of Surgery and Traumatology, Fadgyas Balázs , Gergely Brigitta , Mikóczi Márió
Published: November 2023

The treatment of pilonidal disease (PD) is often challenging, due to the frequent recurrences and adverse events. The risk factors are well known: obesity, male sex, hairy sacral region, inactivity, inadequate hygiene. To diagnose the PD the physical examination is enough. The acute form is a local imflammation in the sacral region (cellulitis or abscess) and the chronic one can be “sacral pit(s)” or fistula(s). In case of abscess the local therapy with antibiotics or “off-midline” incision can be the best solution. In chronic PD the most important is to reduce the risk factors: weight control, epilation, to enhance the physical activity and local hygiene. If surgery cannot be avoid, the minimally invasive one must be chosen at first (trephination, PEPSiT). In case of complications, recurrence more complicated surgeries can be performed (ie. flap rotation). The surgery itself is not sufficient, the postoperative care (ie. hygiene, epilation) must be adequate.
Current issues of the differential diagnosis of facial skin signs and tumors in childhood
Authors:   Heim Pál National Institute of Pediatrics Department of Dermatology, Szalai Zsuzsanna Zsófia , Gál Andrea Izabella , Veres Klára , Fodor Annamária , Novoth Béla , Péter György , Vass Viktória , Rimely Endre
Published: November 2023

The skin lesions on the face of a child, usually causes a great alarm for both the parents and the doctors. The diagnostic checkup is not easy. The basic question is, if it is a benign, temporary phenomenon, or it is a condition requiring an urgent intervention. Histology helps in adult cases. In childhood, as the intervention is usually performed under anaesthesia with additional stress, bandages, wound-healing leaving permanent scars it is worth considering. The article summarizes the algorithms that should be followed during diagnostic steps at this age. We will rely on artificial intelligence, preparing algorithms for our diagnostic work in the future. This article particularly emphasises, that experience and intuition are essential for the perfect diagnosis.
Aspects of removal of large and giant nevi in childhood
Authors:   Pál Heim National Pediatric Institute, Department of Surgery and Traumatology, Mikóczi Márió , Novoth Béla
Published: November 2023

The removal of common nevi is necessary only in case of irritation, changes causing complaints, or dermatological recommendations, in addition to regular inspections. In case of the need for surgical removal of special birthmarks (e.g. Spitz nevus, Halo nevus, etc.), a dermatological examination and recommendation are also essential. Congenital melanocytic nevus is a special entity. In 1-3% of newborn cases we encounter the small (<1.5 cm) congenital melanocytic nevus, and less often a giant (≥40 cm) nevus. The number, localization and morphology of congenital melanocytic nevi are more important than size in terms of the probability of melanoma occurrence. The treatment of these nevi varies individually and requires teamwork (e.g. dermatologist, oncologist, surgeon, anesthesiologist, pediatrician). All skin incisions leave a scar, and the characteristics of lifelong scars are influenced by many factors. These include age and surgical technique. For plastic surgery performed in childhood, it is advisable to choose the simplest technique – but the one that leads to the most favorable later results – when possible, to avoid complicated flap plasties and skin replacement procedures. When developing the surgical strategy, it is essential to involve the parent and the child in addition to the allied professions, as well as keeping in mind the characteristics of childhood. In the optimal case, the completion of the reconstruction should carry out before get into community, but at the latest by the teenage years.
The use of emergency medical services for palliative situations in Western Cape Province, South Africa: A retrospective, descriptive analysis of patient records
Authors: Gage C , Spies B , Crombie K , Gwyther L , Stassen W
Published: November 2023

Background. An estimated 56.8 million people require palliative care annually, while only 14% receive such care. This imbalance is particularly acute in low-to middle-income countries (LMICs), where up to 80% of patients requiring palliative care reside. To correct this imbalance, integration between palliative services and other disciplines has been recommended. While improved palliative care integration is a priority in the South African (SA) LMIC context, emergency medical services (EMS) and palliative care remain non-integrated. This has resulted in poor palliative situation management by EMS and a lack of research concerning their intersection.
Objective. To examine EMS use for palliative situations in the Western Cape (WC) Province of SA by describing frequency of intersection, patient characteristics and outcomes.Methods. An observational, descriptive, retrospective patient record review was employed at two hospitals with palliative care services in the WC. All patient records of those who arrived at the hospitals between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2020 via EMS conveyance leading to palliative care provision were included in the study.
Results. In total, 1 207 unique patients received palliative care services at both hospitals during the study period. Of these, 395 (33%) made use of EMS for hospital conveyance on 494 occasions. The median (range) patient age was 60 (20 - 93) years, and most transports involved male patients (54%, n=265). Family members were the primary caregivers in most instances (89%, n=440), dyspnoea was the chief complaint (36%, n=178) and cancer was the most frequent diagnosis (32%, n=159). The median length of hospital stay was 6 days, with most patients discharged home (60%, n=295).
Conclusion. EMS in SA frequently encounter palliative situations for symptoms that may be managed within their scope of practice. Consequently, it appears that EMS have an important role to fulfil in the care of patients with palliative needs. Integrating EMS and palliative care may result in improved palliative care provision and, therefore, EMS and palliative care integration would be beneficial in SA.
Claves de la evolución climática durante la transición pre-Jaramillo a Jaramillo en Europa a partir del análisis mineralógico del yacimiento paleontológico de Quibas (Pleistoceno Inferior, sureste ibérico)
Authors: Del Castillo Elia , Alías Linares María Asunción , Laborda-López Casto , Iannicelli Claudia , Pal Shubham , Agustí Jordi , Piñero Pedro
Published: November 2023

El yacimiento paleontológico de Quibas es un afloramiento kárstico con una edad comprendida entre 1,1 y 0,9 Ma (Pleistoceno Inferior final). Representa la única secuencia continua de vertebrados terrestres de edad pre-Jaramillo a Jaramillo de Europa. Está formado por dos estructuras principales: Quibas-Sima (dividida en las unidades QS-1 a QS-7) y Quibas-Cueva (QC-1–QC-6). En este trabajo se estudia la composición mineralógica de los sedimentos que conforman las unidades estratigráficas de Quibas-Sima, a través de análisis de difracción de rayos X, conductividad eléctrica, cromatografía iónica y espectrometría de emisión óptica por plasma de argón, con el objetivo de evaluar tendencias paleoclimáticas en la secuencia. Los resultados preliminares indican que hay un aumento en las proporciones de carbonatos, yesos y halita desde QS-2 hacia QS-4 y QS-5 (1,07–0,99 Ma), lo que sugiere una progresiva disminución de las precipitaciones en el sureste peninsular hace un millón de años. Los datos son consistentes con el inicio de una fase glaciar, lo cual viene apoyado por la desaparición progresiva en Quibas-Sima de taxones afines a bosques y cursos de agua estables como la ardilla voladora Hylopetes sp. y el musgaño Neomys sp., en favor de la aparición de taxones ligados a espacios abiertos como la culebra bastarda (Malpolon monspessulanus) y la víbora hocicuda (Vipera latastei).
ZMYM2 controls human transposable element transcription through distinct co-regulatory complexes
Authors: Owen Danielle J , Aguilar-Martinez Elisa , Ji Zongling , Li Yaoyong , Sharrocks Andrew D
Published: November 2023

ZMYM2 is a zinc finger transcriptional regulator that plays a key role in promoting and maintaining cell identity. It has been implicated in several diseases such as congenital anomalies of the kidney where its activity is diminished and cancer where it participates in oncogenic fusion protein events. ZMYM2 is thought to function through promoting transcriptional repression and here we provide more evidence to support this designation. Here we studied ZMYM2 function in human cells and demonstrate that ZMYM2 is part of distinct chromatin-bound complexes including the established LSD1-CoREST-HDAC1 corepressor complex. We also identify new functional and physical interactions with ADNP and TRIM28/KAP1. The ZMYM2-TRIM28 complex forms in a SUMO-dependent manner and is associated with repressive chromatin. ZMYM2 and TRIM28 show strong functional similarity and co-regulate a large number of genes. However, there are no strong links between ZMYM2-TRIM28 binding events and nearby individual gene regulation. Instead, ZMYM2-TRIM28 appears to regulate genes in a more regionally defined manner within TADs where it can directly regulate co-associated retrotransposon expression. We find that different types of ZMYM2 binding complex associate with and regulate distinct subclasses of retrotransposons, with ZMYM2-ADNP complexes at SINEs and ZMYM2-TRIM28 complexes at LTR elements. We propose a model whereby ZMYM2 acts directly through retrotransposon regulation, which may then potentially affect the local chromatin environment and associated coding gene expression.
An in vitro model for vitamin A transport across the human blood–brain barrier
Authors: Est Chandler B , Murphy Regina M
Published: November 2023

Vitamin A, supplied by the diet, is critical for brain health, but little is known about its delivery across the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Brain microvascular endothelial-like cells (BMECs) differentiated from human-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) form a tight barrier that recapitulates many of the properties of the human BBB. We paired iPSC-derived BMECs with recombinant vitamin A serum transport proteins, retinol-binding protein (RBP), and transthyretin (TTR), to create an in vitro model for the study of vitamin A (retinol) delivery across the human BBB. iPSC-derived BMECs display a strong barrier phenotype, express key vitamin A metabolism markers, and can be used for quantitative modeling of retinol accumulation and permeation. Manipulation of retinol, RBP, and TTR concentrations, and the use of mutant RBP and TTR, yielded novel insights into the patterns of retinol accumulation in, and permeation across, the BBB. The results described herein provide a platform for deeper exploration of the regulatory mechanisms of retinol trafficking to the human brain.
Eugenol mimics exercise to promote skeletal muscle fiber remodeling and myokine IL-15 expression by activating TRPV1 channel
Authors: Huang Tengteng , Chen Xiaoling , He Jun , Zheng Ping , Luo Yuheng , Wu Aimin , Yan Hui , Yu Bing , Chen Daiwen , Huang Zhiqing
Published: November 2023

Metabolic disorders are highly prevalent in modern society. Exercise mimetics are defined as pharmacological compounds that can produce the beneficial effects of fitness. Recently, there has been increased interest in the role of eugenol and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) in improving metabolic health. The aim of this study was to investigate whether eugenol acts as an exercise mimetic by activating TRPV1. Here, we showed that eugenol improved endurance capacity, caused the conversion of fast-to-slow muscle fibers, and promoted white fat browning and lipolysis in mice. Mechanistically, eugenol promoted muscle fiber-type transformation by activating TRPV1-mediated CaN signaling pathway. Subsequently, we identified IL-15 as a myokine that is regulated by the CaN/nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) signaling pathway. Moreover, we found that TRPV1-mediated CaN/NFATc1 signaling, activated by eugenol, controlled IL-15 levels in C2C12 myotubes. Our results suggest that eugenol may act as an exercise mimetic to improve metabolic health via activating the TRPV1-mediated CaN signaling pathway.
Hybridization breaks species barriers in long-term coevolution of a cyanobacterial population
Authors: Birzu Gabriel , Muralidharan Harihara Subrahmaniam , Goudeau Danielle , Malmstrom Rex R. , Fisher Daniel S. , Bhaya Devaki
Published: November 2023

Bacterial species often undergo rampant recombination yet maintain cohesive genomic identity. Ecological differences can generate recombination barriers between species and sustain genomic clusters in the short term. But can these forces prevent genomic mixing during long-term coevolution? Cyanobacteria in Yellowstone hot springs comprise several diverse species that have coevolved for hundreds of thousands of years, providing a rare natural experiment. By analyzing more than 300 single-cell genomes, we show that despite each species forming a distinct genomic cluster, much of the diversity within species is the result of hybridization driven by selection, which has mixed their ancestral genotypes. This widespread mixing is contrary to the prevailing view that ecological barriers can maintain cohesive bacterial species and highlights the importance of hybridization as a source of genomic diversity.
PKR activation-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in HIV-transgenic mice with nephropathy
Authors: Yoshida Teruhiko , Latt Khun Zaw , Rosenberg Avi Z. , Santo Briana A. , Myakala Komuraiah , Ishimoto Yu , Zhao Yongmei , Shrivastav Shashi , Jones Bryce A. , Yang Xiaoping , Wang Xiaoxin X. , Tutino Vincent M. , Sarder Pinaki , Levi Moshe , Okamoto Koji , Winkler Cheryl A. , Kopp Jeffrey B.
Published: November 2023

HIV disease remains prevalent in the USA and chronic kidney disease remains a major cause of morbidity in HIV-1-positive patients. Host double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-activated protein kinase (PKR) is a sensor for viral dsRNA, including HIV-1. We show that PKR inhibition by compound C16 ameliorates the HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) kidney phenotype in the Tg26 transgenic mouse model, with reversal of mitochondrial dysfunction. Combined analysis of single-nucleus RNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq data revealed that oxidative phosphorylation was one of the most downregulated pathways and identified signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) as a potential mediating factor. We identified in Tg26 mice a novel proximal tubular cell cluster enriched in mitochondrial transcripts. Podocytes showed high levels of HIV-1 gene expression and dysregulation of cytoskeleton-related genes; and these cells dedifferentiated and were lost from the glomerular tuft. In injured proximal tubules, cell-cell interaction analysis indicated activation of the profibrogenic PKR-STAT3-platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-D pathway. These findings suggest that PKR inhibition and mitochondrial rescue are potential novel therapeutic approaches for HIVAN.This work identified mitochondrial dysfunction in transgenic mice manifesting HIV-associated nephropathy mice kidney, using combination of single-nuclear and bulk RNA-seq analysis. Kidney damage was ameliorated by the PKR inhibitor C16, and mitochondrial rescue was shown by transcriptomic profiling and functional assay. These findings suggest that PKR inhibition and mitochondrial rescue are potential therapeutic approaches for HIV-associated nephropathy.
Ex vivo expansion potential of murine hematopoietic stem cells is a rare property only partially predicted by phenotype
Authors: Zhang Qinyu , Olofzon Rasmus , Konturek-Ciesla Anna , Yuan Ouyang , Bryder David
Published: November 2023

The scarcity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) restricts their use in both clinical settings and experimental research. Here, we examined a recently developed method for expanding rigorously purified murine HSCs ex vivo. After 3 weeks of culture, only 0.1% of cells exhibited the input HSC phenotype, but these accounted for almost all functional long-term HSC activity. Input HSCs displayed varying potential for ex vivo self-renewal, with alternative outcomes revealed by single-cell multimodal RNA and ATAC sequencing profiling. While most HSC progeny offered only transient in vivo reconstitution, these cells efficiently rescued mice from lethal myeloablation. The amplification of functional HSC activity allowed for long-term multilineage engraftment in unconditioned hosts that associated with a return of HSCs to quiescence. Thereby, our findings identify several key considerations for ex vivo HSC expansion, with major implications also for assessment of normal HSC activity.
Ex vivo Expansion Potential of Murine Hematopoietic Stem Cells: A Rare Property Only Partially Predicted by Phenotype
Authors: Zhang Qinyu , Olofzon Rasmus , Konturek-Ciesla Anna , Yuan Ouyang , Bryder David
Published: November 2023

The scarcity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) restricts their use in both clinical settings and experimental research. Here, we examined a recently developed method for expanding rigorously purified murine HSCs
ex vivo.
After three weeks of culture, only 0.1% of cells exhibited the input HSC phenotype, but these accounted for almost all functional long-term HSC activity. Input HSCs displayed varying potential for
ex vivo
self-renewal, with alternative outcomes revealed by single cell multimodal RNA- and ATAC-seq profiling. While most HSC progeny offered only transient
in vivo
reconstitution, these cells efficiently rescued mice from lethal myeloablation. The amplification of functional HSC activity allowed for long-term multilineage engraftment in unconditioned hosts that associated with a return of HSCs to quiescence. Thereby, our findings identify several key considerations for
ex vivo
HSC expansion, with major implications also for assessment of normal HSC activity.
Depletion of SMN Protein in Mesenchymal Progenitors Impairs the Development of Bone and Neuromuscular Junction in Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Hann Sang-Hyeon , Kim Seon-Yong , Kim Ye-Lynne , Jo Young-Woo , Kang Jong-Seol , Park Hyerim , Choi Se-Young , Kong Young-Yun
Published: November 2023

Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by the deficiency of the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein, which leads to motor neuron dysfunction and muscle atrophy. In addition to the requirement for SMN in motor neurons, recent studies suggest that SMN deficiency in peripheral tissues plays a key role in the pathogenesis of SMA. Using limb mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs)-specific SMN-depleted mouse models, we reveal that SMN reduction in chondrocytes and fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) derived from limb MPCs causes defects in the development of bone and neuromuscular junction (NMJ), respectively. We show that impaired growth plate homeostasis, which causes skeletal growth defects in SMA, is cell-autonomous due to SMN ablation in chondrocytes. Furthermore, the reduction of SMN in FAPs resulted in abnormal NMJ maturation, altered release of neurotransmitters, and NMJ morphological defects. Transplantation of healthy FAPs rescued the morphological deterioration. Our findings highlight the significance of mesenchymal SMN in neuromusculoskeletal pathogenesis in SMA and provide insights into potential therapeutic strategies targeting mesenchymal cells for the treatment of SMA.
Herpetogaster collinsi from the Cambrian of China elucidates the dispersal and palaeogeographic distribution of early deuterostomes and the origin of the ambulacrarian larva
Authors: Yang Xianfeng , Kimmig Julien , Schiffbauer James D. , Peng Shanchi
Published: November 2023

The Cambrian Radiation represents one of the largest diversification events in Earth history. While the resulting taxonomic diversity is exceptional, relatively few of these novel species can be traced outside the boundaries of a single palaeocontinent. Many of those species with cosmopolitan distributions were likely active swimmers, presenting opportunity and means to conquer new areas, but this would not have been the case for sessile organisms. Herpetogaster is a lower to middle Cambrian (Series 2–Miaolingian, Stage 3–Wuliuan) genus of sessile, stalked, filter-feeding deuterostomes with two species, H. collinsi and H. haiyanensis, known respectively from Laurentia and Gondwana. Here, we expand the distribution of H. collinsi to Gondwana with newly discovered specimens from the Balang Formation of Hunan, China. This discovery raises questions on the origin of the genus and how sessile organisms were able to disperse over such a broad distance in the lower Cambrian. As Herpetogaster has been recovered at the base of the Ambulacrarian tree in recent phylogenies, a planktonic larval stage is suggested, which implies, that the last common ancestor of the Ambulacraria might have already had planktonic larvae or that such larvae developed multiple times within the Ambulacraria.
Implementación del dua en la Unidad de Nivelación de la asignatura de Ciencias Naturales en séptimo básico para el desarrollo de estrategias de autoobservación estudiantil
Authors:   , Hormazábal Rodríguez Claudia Francisca
Published: November 2023

En este trabajo se propone una implementación del Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje (DUA) para el diseño de evaluaciones y situaciones de aprendizaje que den respuesta a las necesidades de implementación del Decreto 67 de evaluación en un colegio adscrito a gratuidad, de la comuna de Santiago. Dentro de esta implementación del DUA, se realiza en una unidad de nivelación de ciencias naturales en séptimo básico, donde el foco está en el diseño de diversas instancias de evaluación que permitan que los estudiantes auto observen su desempeño para el logro de tareas, y así, observar el impacto que tuvo este cambio de metodología en el aprendizaje del estudiantado. En el análisis cuantitativo, se reporta que la diferencia entre las medias del cuestionario utilizado es estadísticamente significativa en el factor de “Planificación de tareas” (M= 20,428, s= 3,155), t=-2,428, p = 0,02, α= 0,05, y el puntaje total en la auto observación estudiantil (M= 30,571, s= 4,519), t=-2,494, p < 0,02, α= 0,05. No así en el factor “Percepción de las directrices emanadas por el docente” (M= 10,143, s= 1,791), t=-1,655, p> 0,05. Se evidencia que en las condiciones en que se implementó este trabajo, hay una promoción de la auto observación estudiantil cuando se utiliza DUA en la planificación de actividades que impulsen al estudiantado a planificar sus tareas cuando es a partir del desglose de objetivos de aprendizaje.
Preparation, Characterization, and Photocatalytic Activity of Ni-Cd/Al2O3 Composite Catalyst
Authors: Yusmaniar Yusmaniar , Premono Agung , Susetyo Ferry Budhi , Yudanto Sigit Dwi
Published: November 2023

This study was conducted to determine the effect of the radiation source and radiation time on the methylene blue (MB) solution by adding Ni-Cd/Al2O3 to the percent degradation of MB. To investigate similar purposes, the pH of the MB solution varied as well. The preparation, characterization, and photocatalytic activity of Ni-Cd/Al2O3 are three steps in this research. The Ni-Cd was prepared by mixing Ni(NO3)2.6H2O and Cd(NO3)2.4H2O. Various concentrations of Ni-Cd were mixed with Al2O3, then heated, stirred, dried, and calcined to form Ni-Cd/Al2O3 powder. The dried powder catalysts were characterized using Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Brunauer-emmett-teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Diffused reflectance spectrometer spectra (DR-UV-Vis). Higher degradation was observed at pH 11, when MB was degraded by 68% and 76% using the 5Ni-2Cd/Al2O3 and 6Ni-1Cd/Al2O3 catalysts, respectively. The 6Ni-1Cd/Al2O3 sample has higher absorption, less surface area, and less band gap; therefore, it has higher performance against degraded MB in the solution. In summary, 6Ni-1Cd/Al2O3 is capable of degrading MB and can be utilized in MB dye waste. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Dental Caries in Adults, Adolescents, and Children
Authors: Jin Jill
Published: November 2023

This JAMA Patient Page describes oral health, particularly care of the teeth and prevention of tooth and gum disease, and discusses the pros and cons of screening for dental caries by primary care clinicians.
Evaluation of the Diagnostic Performance of American College of Rheumatology, EULAR, and National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence Criteria Against Clinically Relevant Knee Osteoarthritis: Data From the CHECK Cohort
Authors: Wang Qiuke , Runhaar Jos , Kloppenburg Margreet , Boers Maarten , Bijlsma Johannes W. J. , Bierma‐Zeinstra Sita M. A. ,   the CREDO expert group
Published: November 2023

Objective

Our objective was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the EULAR, American College of Rheumatology (ACR), and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) criteria by using clinical experts’ diagnosis of clinically relevant knee osteoarthritis (OA) as the outcome of interest.

Methods

In a previous study, we recruited clinical experts to evaluate longitudinal (5‐, 8‐, and 10‐year follow‐up) clinical and radiographic data of symptomatic knees from the Cohort Hip and Cohort Knee (CHECK) study for the presence or absence of clinically relevant OA. In the current study, ACR, EULAR, and NICE criteria were applied to the same 5‐, 8‐, and 10‐year follow‐up data; then a knee was diagnosed with OA if fulfilling the criteria at one of the three time points (F1), two of the time points (F2), or at all three time points (F3). Using clinically relevant OA as the reference standard, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for the three criteria were assessed.

Results

A total of 539 participants for a total of 833 examined knees were included. Thirty‐six percent of knees were diagnosed with clinically relevant OA by experts. Sixty‐seven percent to 74% of the knees received the same diagnosis (OA or non‐OA) by the three criteria sets for the different definitions (F1 to F3). EULAR consistently (F1 through F3) had the highest specificity, and NICE consistently had the highest sensitivity.

Conclusion

The diagnoses only moderately overlapped among the three criteria sets. The EULAR criteria seemed to be more suitable for study enrollment (when aimed at recruiting clinically relevant OA knees), given the highest specificities. The NICE criteria, given the highest sensitivities, could be more useful for an initial diagnosis in clinical practice.
Photo‐Mediated Cascade Growth of Ag Nanocrystals in Flow Reactors for High‐Performance Flexible Transparent Electrodes
Authors: Zeng Xuelian , Ding Youyi , Yuan Xianrong , Jiang Conghui , Wang Yanan , Song Yuhang , Li Yawen , Shao Beibei , Wang Yusheng , Sun Baoquan
Published: November 2023

Photo‐mediated synthesis wielding localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of nanoscale metal is widely applied to sculpt silver (Ag) nanocrystals with controllable dimensions and morphologies. However, this photo‐mediated strategy remains underutilized owing to low efficiency and inferior quality in conventional batch reactors. Here, the effective synthesis of Ag nanocrystals is demonstrated via flow reactors and elucidates the photo‐mediated anisotropic growth mechanism. The investigation reveals that the intersection between excitation wavelengths and LSPR of Ag nanocrystals is a prerequisite for their growth. The final morphology is highly correlated with excitation wavelengths, which modulate the redox potential (reaction barrier) of Ag nanocrystals featuring distinct defective structures. Thus, by utilizing tandem‐connected flow reactors, size‐controllable Ag nanoplates can be yielded in a highly efficient cascade growth manner. In addition, composite conductive ink (submicron/nano‐Ag particles) is employed to create high‐performance flexible transparent electrodes. A sixfold conductivity enhancement especially under low sintering temperature (<80 °C), along with superior transmittance (over 90%), and distinguished cyclic durability (negligible resistance change over 1000 cycles) are achieved simultaneously. The study not only establishes comprehensive insights into the acquisition of well‐defined Ag nanocrystals in flow reactors but also ushers in enormous feasibility toward high‐performance and cost‐effective flexible electronics.
Sulfur‐Tuned Advanced Carbons of Novel Properties and Scalable Productivity
Authors: Barczak Mariusz , Florent Marc , Bhalekar Snehal S. , Kaneko Katsumi , Messinger Robert J. , Bandosz Teresa J.
Published: November 2023

Sulfur‐tuned advanced carbons (STACs) with high mass loadings of sulfur are synthesized using an environmentally benign and scalable steam‐assisted sulfur insertion (SASI) method. While steam provides the pressure necessary to promote deep and rapid sulfur insertion into a carbon porous structure, a strong affinity between melted sulfur and carbon excludes water from pore penetration. The resulting STACs exhibit sulfur mass loadings up to 85% and the electrical conductivity of the carbon framework is largely preserved. The sulfur penetration can be tuned to fill specific pore sizes, enabling pore‐size‐dependent allocation of sulfur and controllable porosity, while sulfur lines the carbon pore surfaces. A significant amount of sulfur is in the monoclinic γ phase. To demonstrate their energy and environmental applications, the STACs are used as cathode materials in rechargeable aluminum‐sulfur batteries and as adsorption materials for spilled oil removal.
Retuning Solvating Ability of Ether Solvent by Anion Chemistry toward 4.5 V Class Li Metal Battery
Authors: Chai Dandan , Yan Haotian , Wang Xin , Li Xiang , Fu Yongzhu
Published: November 2023

Ether‐based electrolytes have good compatibility for lithium metal, which is widely used in lithium metal batteries (LMBs). However, the electrolyte is not suitable for high voltage (>4.0 V) due to its poor anti‐oxidation behavior. Herein, an anion chemistry strategy is designed for a typical 1,2‐dimethoxyethane (DME)‐based electrolyte with 1 m lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI), by using nitrate anion (NO3−) with a high donor number (DN) value to regulate the coordination of DME and FSI–. It is evidenced that the interaction between them is weakened due to the competitive advantage of NO3−, therefore a weakly solvating electrolyte is achieved. It promotes the formation of an inorganic‐rich passivation layer on the cathode and facilitates the de‐solvation process, thus it is suitable for high voltage even at 4.5 V. The anion‐regulated weakly solvating electrolyte (ARWSE) designed here is different from the high‐concentration electrolyte (HCE), localized HCE, and WSE which are of high cost and complexity. The ARWSE is demonstrated to be an adjustable electrolyte system, effectively improving the interfacial chemistry of LMBs.