bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The configurational impact of e-commerce live streaming interactivity on consumer engagement behavior
Authors: Bolun Zhang , Yan Zhou , Minghui Jiang
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to verify the impact of e-commerce live streaming interactivity on consumer engagement behavior. Specifically, the multiple dimensions of interactivity and tie strength together form a high-level consumer engagement behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

Data collection was carried out in the form of a questionnaire survey. Data from 416 respondents were analyzed by structural, followed by further test by fsQCA method.

Findings

Perceived controllability, perceived responsiveness and perceived mutuality positively influence tie strength, and tie strength promotes consumer engagement behavior. Moreover, we found a configuration effect between interactivity and tie strength and revealed four configurations that can affect high-level engagement behavior.

Research limitations/implications

First, the SEM results show that the three dimensions of perceived interactivity positively impact tie strength: perceived controllability, perceived responsiveness, and perceived mutuality. And perceived personalization has no positive impact on tie strength. Second, the relevant results show that tie strength positively impacts consumer engagement behavior. Third, we find that the relationship between perceived interactivity and consumer engagement behavior may not be asymmetric, so the alternative combination of causal conditions may produce the same results. The fsQCA results revealed four configurations that can affect the level of consumer engagement behavior. And tie strength is the core condition.

Practical implications

This study provides specific solutions for e-retailers and live streaming platforms to promote consumers' participation in engagement behavior in e-commerce live streaming.

Originality/value

This study transforms the linear impact of interactivity on consumer engagement behavior into a configuration effect for the first time, and enriches the live streaming commerce and consumer engagement behavior literature.
Socioeconomic position and sports in the US today: the economic and cultural capital of sports followers
Authors: Gemar Adam
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study aims to explore the relationship between social class and sports following in the United States, addressing a gap in research that has largely overlooked spectator sports in sociocultural analyses. The paper seeks to be an expanded update on previous work focusing on how socioeconomic factors such as income and education interact with sports engagement.

Design/methodology/approach

Employing 2023 national survey data from the United States, this study analyzes the following of 31 different spectator sports in relation to income and education. The methods include the use of Cramer’s V statistic to assess associations between sports following and socioeconomic variables and multiple logistic regression analysis to understand the relative predictive power of these variables on sports following.

Findings

The study reveals significant socioeconomic associations in sports consumption patterns in American society, with higher income and education levels generally predicting an increased likelihood of following a wide range of sports. Notably, international soccer leagues like the English Premier League and La Liga showed the strongest associations with higher socioeconomic status, suggesting their following might serve as particularly potent markers of sociocultural distinction.

Originality/value

This research provides a contemporary empirical update to the study of social class and spectator sports in the US, expanding the understanding of the evolving landscape of sports consumption and its socioeconomic connections. It underscores the importance of considering sports following as a vital aspect of cultural engagement, reflecting and reproducing broader socioeconomic stratifications. The findings offer new insights into how factors of social class shape sports consumption today, highlighting the role of sports in the cultural life of different social classes in the US.
Influence of separation, collision and friction of rotating ring in sleeve on vibration characteristics of gas face seals
Authors: Teng Liming , Jiang Jinbo , Peng Xudong , Wu Fan , Zhao Wenjing
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study aims to understand how the assembly of rotating ring affects the axial forced vibration of gas face seals.

Design/methodology/approach

A three-mass kinematic model is established to investigate the axial movement of the rotating ring with bilateral constraints. The separation, collision and frictional sliding of the rotating ring in sleeve are discussed under rotor excitation. The effects of operating parameters and O-ring dynamic characteristics on the separation degree and film thickness disturbance are analyzed. A dimensionless axial characteristic force is defined to determine the critical conditions for the occurrence of separation. Several effective methods to eliminate the separation are proposed based on the adjustment of typical installation parameters.

Findings

Under rotor excitation, there may be two collisions between the rotating ring and the sleeve surfaces in one excitation period. This will cause self-excited vibration of the fluid film, increasing the risk of seal failure. The separation and collision can be prevented by increasing the equilibrium ratio, the installation radius of the O-ring on the outer surface of the rotating ring and the friction in the sleeve.

Originality/value

The results develop the modeling of multibody dynamics of gas face seals, enabling more accurate prediction of vibration characteristics.
Towards green hospitality: exploring the consumer perceived value of pro-environmental star-graded accommodation
Authors: Matiza Tafadzwa , Slabbert Elmarie
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This paper explores the effect of pro-environmental measures and green behaviour of star-graded accommodation establishments on the consumer perceived value that domestic tourists associate with them. From our study’s perspective, value creation via green hospitality may promote more responsible and environmentally friendly consumptive behaviour amongst domestic tourists.

Design/methodology/approach

Designed as a cross-sectional deductive study, data were generated from an online panel sample of 440 South African domestic tourists. The hypotheses were tested using SmartPLS 4 via partial least squares–structural equation modelling. Further, multi-group analysis assessed and exposed gender-based differences.

Findings

The findings imply that green hospitality positively influences the value perceptions of tourists. More in-depth analyses indicate gender-based heterogeneity in the effect of green hospitality aspects on consumer perceived values. Our findings establish pro-environmentalism within the accommodation sector as an approach to initiating pro-environmental behaviour change through value creation.

Originality/value

Our study extends the theory around pro-environmental behaviour and provides empirical evidence from domestic tourists as an under-researched population within the debate around tourism sustainability and green hospitality. The study sheds new light on the importance of supply-side green interventions in tourist behaviour and highlights the potential influence of gender differences. It explores this in the context of an emerging tourism destination in the Global South.
Business analytics in managerial decision-making: top management perceptions
Authors: Orjatsalo Johanna , Hussinki Henri , Stoklasa Jan
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Firms seek to improve their decision-making and enable more “fact-based” decisions by using business analytics. While the benefits of using business analytics to monitor, develop and improve daily operations have been reported by many scholars, using it in more complex top management decisions has received less attention. Building on the resource-based view of the firm, this study aims to investigate top management perceptions of using business analytics for making decisions on firm resources.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses semi-structured interviews to collect perceptions of 12 top managers in large firms on when and why they use business analytics in their decision-making.

Findings

Top managers use business analytics output as their main source of information for monitoring ongoing business performance against set targets and taking corrective actions. Concerning future-oriented planning and strategic decision-making involving more complex changes on the firms’ resource base, top managers proactively complement knowledge derived via business analytics with other sources of knowledge, such as stakeholder and expert opinions. Moreover, top managers use of business analytics depends on their own expectations of its value potential and on the expectations of their organization.

Originality/value

This study adds to the extant literature on the business value of business analytics by outlining the purposes and reasons for top management business analytics use. By demonstrating when and why top managers apply business analytics when making decisions on the firm’s current and future resource base, this study contributes to the discussion on the resource-based view and decision-making practices of the firm.
Exploring the careers of women with disabilities: a systematic review and implications for human resource management
Authors: Chan Xi Wen , Hutchings Kate
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Although many organisations and governments internationally acknowledge that a diverse workforce is essential for improved decision-making, employee well-being and organisational performance and competitiveness, women with disabilities and their (potential) participation and contributions within organisations continue to be overlooked and under-researched. Examining the careers of women with disabilities through the lens of human resource management (HRM) allows for the development of policies and practices that support their inclusion and progression in the workforce and helps lay the foundation for legislative, institutional and organisational changes that address the unique challenges faced by this cohort.

Design/methodology/approach

We conducted a comprehensive, systematic scoping review that analyses various career-related aspects for women with disabilities across different cultural and geographical contexts internationally. A two-stage review (Stage 1 – Title and abstract screening and Stage 2 – Full-text review) of the extant literature on the careers of women with disabilities yielded 80 relevant empirical articles.

Findings

Our review identified four key career-related themes pertaining to women with disabilities: (1) Educational interventions and support for positive career outcomes of women with disabilities; (2) Workplace discrimination and workplace accessibility of women with disabilities; (3) Factors influencing the career development and advancement of women with disabilities and (4) The role of gender in the career exploration and decision-making processes of women with disabilities.

Originality/value

This systematic scoping review contributes to the nascent scholarly discourse on enhancing career-related outcomes of women with disabilities and offers evidence-based insights to guide future HRM research on the intersection of gender and disability/ies in careers.
Evaluation of the antioxidant potential for three essential oils on the properties of wood pulp paper
Authors: Mahmoud Salwa Moustafa Amer , Hemeda Sayed
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study aims to determine the efficiency of three types of essential oils (EOs) as antioxidants on wood pulp paper samples: camphor oil, clove oil and lavender oil. Because of the detrimental influence of the oxidation process on wood pulp paper, this type of paper suffers significant disintegration.

Design/methodology/approach

The evaluation methodology is based on scanning electron microscope and three directions laser microscope, the hydrogen ion concentration measurement, color change measurement using the CIELAB system and infrared spectrum analysis, as well as investigating the mechanical properties of paper as represented by tensile and elongation to determine Young’s modulus values.

Findings

According to the findings, camphor was an effective antioxidant for paper samples, protecting them from the damaging effects of oxidation and the impact of artificial aging processes while also improving the mechanical properties of paper.

Originality/value

This paper emphasizes the concept of using environmentally friendly materials derived from EOs, owing to their ease of application, lack of environmental impact, distinctive properties, low cost and distinctive properties in both curative and preventive conservation of paper manuscripts.
Different paths to improving together: a taxonomy of buyer-supplier collaborations for sustainability in food supply networks
Authors: Boscari Stefania , van Donk Dirk Pieter , Pullman Madeleine , Xiao Chengyong
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Extant research shows collaboration among supply chain (SC) partners can address the significant environmental impacts of industrial food systems, but can be risky and resource-intensive. Past studies have predominantly treated buyer–supplier sustainability collaborations as a single aggregate concept missing the theoretical richness. This study aims to provide a more nuanced understanding of these collaborations for jointly improving sustainable food supply networks.

Design/methodology/approach

A multiple case study was conducted covering 8 SCs in the Dutch food processing industry, using data from 27 interviewees and extensive secondary material.

Findings

By applying the dynamic relational view, this study identifies three types of buyer–supplier collaboration, reflecting three paths of sustainable value creation: (1) the bilateral path, featuring equal participation and extensive collaboration, yielding substantial environmental and economic benefits; (2) the buyer-driven path, where the buyer leads the collaboration to address sustainability issues that are raised by stakeholders, relying on supplier expertise to improve SC traceability and sustainability reputation, albeit at higher costs; (3) the supplier-driven path, where the supplier leads the collaboration for incremental environmental and economic improvements.

Practical implications

The taxonomy results provide practical guidelines to assist managers in selecting the most suitable collaboration type for their specific sustainability goals and more effectively address sustainability challenges.

Originality/value

The three identified types of collaboration form a novel taxonomy for improving sustainability in food supply networks, representing different paths for SC partners to achieve progressively more substantial sustainability improvements. This taxonomy challenges the perspective that adopting sustainability invariably leads to increased costs by providing evidence of simultaneous economic and environmental improvements.
Image segmentation on void regional formation in the flip-chip underfilling process by comparing YOLO and mask RCNN
Authors: Ling Calvin , Chew Cheng Kai , Abas Aizat , Azahari Taufik
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to identify a suitable convolutional neural network (CNN) model to analyse where void(s) are formed in asymmetrical flip-chips with large amounts of the ball-grid array (BGA) during underfilling.

Design/methodology/approach

A set of void(s)-filled through-scan acoustic microscope (TSAM) images of BGA underfill is collected, labelled and used to train two CNN models (You Look Only Once version 5 (YOLOv5) and Mask RCNN). Otsu's thresholding method is used to calculate the void percentage, and the model's performance in generating the results with its accuracy relative to real-scale images is evaluated.

Findings

All discoveries were authenticated concerning previous studies on CNN model development to encapsulate the shape of the void detected combined with calculating the percentage. The Mask RCNN is the most suitable model to perform the image segmentation analysis, and it closely matches the void presence in the TSAM image samples up to an accuracy of 94.25% of the entire void region. The model's overall accuracy of RCNN is 96.40%, and it can display the void percentage by 2.65 s on average, faster than the manual checking process by 96.50%.

Practical implications

The study enabled manufacturers to produce a feasible, automated means to improve their flip-chip underfilling production quality control. Leveraging an optimised CNN model enables an expedited manufacturing process that will reduce lead costs.

Originality/value

BGA void formation in a flip-chip underfilling process can be captured quantitatively with advanced image segmentation.
Significance of magnetic field and Darcy–Forchheimer law on dynamics of non-Newtonian hybrid nanofluid flow over a spinning disc with Arrhenius activation energy and shape factor
Authors: N.M. Lisha , Avula Golla Vijaya Kumar
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The purpose of the study is to explore the three-dimensional heat and mass transport dynamics of the magneto-hydrodynamic non-Newtonian (Casson fluid) hybrid nanofluid flow comprised of − as nanoparticles suspended in base liquid water as it passes through a flexible spinning disc. The influence of a magnetic field, rotation parameter, porosity, Darcy−Forchheimer, Arrhenius’s activation energy, chemical reaction, Schmidt number and nanoparticle shape effects are substantial physical features of the investigation. Furthermore, the influence of hybrid nanofluid on Brownian motion and thermophoresis features has been represented using the Buongiorno model. The novelty of the work is intended to contribute to a better understanding of Casson non-Newtonian fluid boundary layer flow.

Design/methodology/approach

The governing mathematical equations that explain the flow and heat and mass transport phenomena for fluid domains include the Navier−Stokes equation, the thermal energy equation and the solutal concentration equations. The governing equations are expressed as partial differential equations, which are then converted into a suitable set of non-linear ordinary differential equations by using the necessary similarity variables. The ordinary differential equations are computed by combining the shooting operation with the three-stage Lobatto BVP4c technique.

Findings

Graphs and tables are used in the process of analysing the characteristics of velocity distributions, temperature profiles and solutal curves at varying values of the parameters, along with friction drag, heat transfer rate and Sherwood number. It has been revealed that the radial and axial velocities decrease when the Casson parameter value increases and that the rate of heat transmission is higher in hybrid nanofluids with nanoparticles in the shape of a blade. The increase in Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameters causes a rise in the temperature profile. Also, an increase in the activation energy parameter improves the solutal curve. The use of nanoparticles was shown to improve extrusion properties, the rotary heat process and biofuel generation.

Originality/value

All results are presented graphically and all physical quantities are computed and tabulated. The current results are compared to previous investigations and found to agree significantly with them.
Climate change may make pine wilt disease more prevalent
Authors: Zou Ya , Ge Xuezhen , Zong Shixiang , Newman Jonathan A.
Published: October 2024

Pine wilt disease is one of the most severe and devastating diseases affecting pine forests worldwide, resulting in huge economic losses in many countries. The pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is the causal agent of pine wilt disease and is obligately vectored by pine sawyer beetles, of the genus Monochamus.

For the disease to be present, the habitat must be suitable for the PWN, and include at least one vector species, and at least one host species. To predict its potential distribution, a model must consider all three components. However, no comprehensive study has examined the influence of climatic suitability on the distribution of this “biological complex”. This study addresses this gap by incorporating biotic interactions, specifically involving 13 vectors and 61 host plants, into projections based on the PWN model. We predicted the global potential distribution of pine wilt disease and compared it with the PWN model to highlight the importance of including biotic interactions in species distribution models under climate change.

We found that the model revealed an overall trend of increasing suitability scores for both the PWN and pine wilt disease models under future climate scenarios. Furthermore, compared to the PWN model, the biotic model results in an apparent increase in suitability worldwide in the future as the climate will be more suitable to vector and host complexes, suggesting that pine wilt disease could potentially spread to other places via available hosts and vectors.

Synthesis and applications. By incorporating biotic interactions, we projected a more accurate suitable area for pine wilt disease, offering valuable insights into regions at high risk for future invasions by the disease and its vectors. This information supports the development of management and early detection strategies in areas of high suitability, helping to mitigate potential economic and ecological losses. Additionally, this study introduces a novel approach for integrating biotic factors into species distribution models.
Isolation and identification of the main components of garlic, Allium sativum, volatiles and their determination of repellent or toxic activities on green peach aphid, Myzus persicae
Authors: Lai Rongquan , Mi Yuee , Lai Yufei , Gu Gang , Cheng Zhihou , Yang Chen , Zhou Ting , Zhang Bang
Published: October 2024

To determine the control mechanism of garlic on Myzus persicae, volatiles from garlic plants were collected, and the components were determined by GC–MS. Then, the volatile extracts and standard components were screened by electroantennogram (EAG) apparatus and Y‐tube olfactometer, and the toxic effects were determined by the immersion method. The results showed the main components from garlic plant volatile were 2‐methoxyphenol, 2,4‐di‐tert‐butylphenol, diallyl disulfide, butyl phthalate esters, (1‐hydroxycyclohexyl) phenyl ketone, and 2,6‐di‐tert‐butylp‐cresol. The volatile extracts and the standard components had significant repellent effects (P ≤ 0.05) on M. persicae when the volume ratio was 1:100. The relative values of EAG from volatile extracts and diallyl disulfide were significantly higher than those of the other substances (P ≤ 0.05) when the volume ratio was 1:100. The toxicity of garlic volatile extracts to M. persicae significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased with increasing concentration. After 72 h (treated), the adjusted mortality of the extract to M. persicae was 36.99% at 90 ml/L. The standard components had the significant toxic effect on M. persicae at 30 mg/mL, and the rates of mortality were over 78.95%. Thus, the results suggested that the volatile extracts and the four standard components from garlic plants had significant repellent effects and electroantennogram responses for M. persicae, and the toxic effects were stronger than the repellent effects for M. persicae.
Sustainability assessment of urban water public‐private partnership projects with environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria
Authors: Li Yijing , He Nan , Li Huimin , Zhang Yaqiong
Published: October 2024

With the acceleration of urbanization, the sustainability of urban water infrastructure projects has become pivotal to social development. This research aims to construct a comprehensive sustainability assessment model for urban water public‐private partnership (PPP) projects based on the environmental, social, and governance criteria. First, a multi‐level assessment indicator system is established considering the economic, social, ecological, and governance sustainability dimensions. Then, the extended analytic hierarchy process is utilized to determine the weights of indicators based on expert scoring. To address the ambiguity of qualitative linguistic variables, the interval‐valued intuitionistic fuzzy set method is applied to aggregate expert assessments. An empirical case study of an urban water project verifies the feasibility of the proposed approach. Results demonstrate that experts emphasize economic sustainability, while social sustainability is an overlooked dimension that requires improvement. The research contributes to the field by developing an applied, industry‐specific sustainability evaluation model for urban water PPP projects using advanced decision‐making techniques. This model provides practical tools for stakeholders to enhance the sustainable performance of urban water infrastructure projects.
Assessing the association between necrotizing enterocolitis and the type of initial central venous access in preterm infants
Authors: Abda Assil , Yoon Eugene , Kanungo Jaideep , Ojah Cecil , Lapointe Anie , Shah Prakesh S. , Beltempo Marc , Barrington Keith J. ,   the Canadian Neonatal Network Investigators
Published: October 2024

Aim

Umbilical venous catheters (UVC) have been associated with an increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). We aimed to assess the relationship between the type of initial central venous access in preterm infants and NEC.

Methods

Using the Canadian Neonatal Network database, we identified preterm infants <30 weeks gestation born between 2014 and 2021 in one of 32 participating centres who had a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) as initial vascular access. These infants were matched in a 1:1 ratio based on gestational age, sex and birth weight to infants in two other groups: (i) those who initially had an UVC and (ii) those who had an UVC followed by a PICC.

Results

A total of 497 infants were included in this study: 165 in the PICC group, 164 in the UVC group and 165 in the UVC + PICC group. There was no association between the type of initial central venous access and NEC.

Conclusion

Although this retrospective study did not find an association between the type of initial central venous access and NEC, larger prospective studies are required to evaluate this association.
Green Consumption Values and Environmental Concerns Nexus: The Moderating Role of Buying Involvement in Organic Food Consumption in Pakistan
Authors: Majeed Abdul , Danish Rizwan Qaiser , Rasheed Abdul
Published: October 2024

The food industry is a major contributor to climate change and has been linked to environmental and health issues due to excessive use of agrochemicals. To address these issues, responsible consumption and production have emerged. Organic certification is a common strategy for assuring consumers about sustainability. However, there is little research on organic food consumption in emerging countries. This study aims to examine the impact of green consumption values on environmental concerns using the theory of consumption values and also looks at the moderating effects of buying involvement. The researchers gathered data from 48 farmer markets in Punjab, Pakistan. They analyzed 730 respondents' data and found significant positive correlations between environmental concerns and multi‐dimensional green consumption values. The epistemic value was identified as a highly significant predictor of environmental concerns. The studied relationships are influenced by the buyer's level of involvement (low, average, and high), with significant differences in the connections between environmental concerns and consumption values among consumers with different levels of buying involvement. The findings have important implications for increasing organic food consumption in the mainstream market. This initiative is a significant milestone in achieving Responsible Consumption and Production (SDGs‐12th), as organic production benefits human health and promotes a sustainable environment.
Androgen Deficiency, Associations and Survival of Men With Stage 4 and 5 Chronic Kidney Disease: A Cohort Study
Authors: De Silva Neomal , Quinton Richard , De Silva Nipun Lakshitha , Jayasena Channa N. , Barbar Bruna , Boot Chris , Wright Rohana J. , Shipley Timothy W. , Kanagasundaram N. Suren
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Anaemia is a key cause of morbidity in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Androgen deficiency (AD) in males can contribute to anaemia of all causes, including in CKD. We sought to examine the prevalence of AD in men with CKD, the extent to which it contributed to anaemia and whether it was independently associated with long‐term survival.

Methods

This cross‐sectional observational study was conducted among males aged 18 years and over with CKD stages 4 and 5. The study analysed morning blood samples with regard to their full blood count, urea and electrolytes, albumin, lipids, testosterone (T) and sex hormone binding globulin, with calculation of free testosterone by mass action equation. Mortality data were obtained 15 years later for survival analysis.

Results

Among 322 patients with a mean age of 63 years, the overall prevalence of AD was 68.9%. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) dose and testosterone concentrations (Pearson correlation −0.193, p = 0.05). There was a positive correlation between haemoglobin (Hb) and free testosterone level among patients not on ESA therapy (Pearson correlation 0.331, p < 0.001). Kaplan‐Meier plots showed p < 0.001 on log‐rank analysis, indicating that AD was significantly associated with worse survival. However, in Cox regression analysis, free testosterone was not associated with survival (95% CI for free testosterone 0.997–1.000).

Conclusions

AD is highly prevalent among this population, and increases further with older age and more severe CKD warranting haemodialysis. Association of lower Hb and higher ESA dose with lower T concentration might be causative, which has important pharmaco‐economic as well as clinical implications. Lower survival in men with low T, more likely reflects overall poor health rather than causation. A properly constituted randomised controlled study evaluating the effect of native T replacement is warranted in men with CKD and AD.
Current perioperative care in patients undergoing a beyond total mesorectal excision procedure for rectal cancer: What are the differences with the colorectal enhanced recovery after surgery protocol?
Authors: Nordkamp Stefi , Ketelaers Stijn H. J. , Piqeur Floor , Scholten Harm J. , van de Calseijde Silvie , Tolenaar Jip L. , Nieuwenhuijzen Grard A. P. , Rutten Harm J. T. , Burger Jacobus W. A. , Bloemen Johanne G.
Published: October 2024

Aim

Patients requiring a beyond total mesorectal excision (bTME) procedure for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) and locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC) will probably benefit from enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols. However, implementation of ERAS protocols in such groups of patients is considered challenging. The aims of this study were to evaluate ERAS‐related outcomes of patients with LARC or LRRC undergoing bTME and to investigate the possibility of designing a tailored ERAS protocol.

Method

This study was divided into four phases. Phase one consisted of a literature study to compare functional recovery and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing bTME. In phase two, outcomes on ERAS care elements in bTME were retrospectively evaluated. In phase three, differences in ERAS‐related outcomes and compliance of the colorectal ERAS protocol in patients who had undergone bTME were studied. In phase four, multidisciplinary team meetings were held to develop an ERAS protocol for bTME patients.

Results

Seven studies reported on ERAS‐related outcomes in patients undergoing bTME. Median length of hospital stay was 9–19 days, median stay in the intensive care unit was 2–4 days and 30‐day postoperative major complication rates were 22.6%–61.3%. Seventy‐five bTME patients were included for retrospective analysis. In these patients, length of stay was 9.0 days and major postoperative complications were observed in 40.0%. The overall ERAS compliance was 44.4%. Compared with the colorectal ERAS protocol, the largest differences in management were observed in the use of epidural anaesthesia, the postoperative use of urethral catheters, oral intake and mobilization.

Conclusion

Patients undergoing bTME for LARC or LRRC are substantially different from patients treated with the colorectal ERAS protocol, regarding ERAS‐related outcomes. A tailored, multimodal ERAS protocol with specific modifications was developed by an expert multidisciplinary team for patients undergoing bTME for LARC or LRRC.
Anal sphincter function in rectal intussusception and high and low “take‐off” external rectal prolapse—A prospective observational study
Authors: O'Connor Alexander , Byrne Caroline M. , Heywood Nick , Davenport Matthew , Klarskov Niels , Sharma Abhiram , Kiff Edward , Telford Karen
Published: October 2024

Aim

Rectal intussusception (RI) and external rectal prolapse (ERP) are associated with anal sphincter dysfunction. The aim of this study was to examine sphincter function with anal acoustic reflectometry (AAR) in RI and two distinct phenotypes of ERP termed high and low “take‐off”.

Methods

A prospective study of patients with RI and ERP attending a tertiary pelvic floor unit. Clinical data, AAR, and conventional anal manometry were analysed according to the Oxford prolapse grade.

Results

A total of 108 (102 [94%] female, median age 62 years [range: 26–95]) patients were recruited into three groups according to prolapse grade: Oxford grades I and II (intrarectal RI, n = 34), Oxford grades III and IV (intra‐anal RI, n = 35) and Oxford grade V (ERP, n = 39). As the grade of prolapse increased, resting AAR measurements of opening pressure, opening elastance, closing pressure, and closing elastance decreased (p < 0.001). Maximum resting pressure with manometry was reduced in ERP and intra‐anal RI compared to intrarectal RI (p < 0.001). However, incremental squeeze function was not different between the three groups with either AAR or manometry (p > 0.05).

There were no differences in AAR or manometry variables between grade IV RI (n = 18) and high take‐off ERP (n = 20) (p > 0.05). By contrast, opening pressure (p = 0.010), closing pressure (p = 0.019) and elastance (p = 0.022) were reduced in low take‐off ERP (n = 19).

Conclusion

Increasing rectal prolapse grade is associated with reduced anal sphincter function at rest indicating internal anal sphincter dysfunction. Physiological differences exist between high and low take‐off ERP with sphincter function in the former similar to that seen in grade IV RI.
Cheating the evidence to get to best interest and the presumption of unfitness
Authors: Blitzman Jay D.
Published: October 2024

This article explores our national reactive child protection model which has focused on removing poor people from poor families and has resulted in conflating poverty with neglect. Significant issues of class and race are implicated given dramatic systemic racial and ethnic disparities and questions must be asked whether current practices have done more harm than good. In reviewing this landscape this article is descriptive and prescriptive and calls for adopting proactive public health‐oriented policies which support children and families in their homes and a culture of due process and fairness in juvenile and family court hearings involving children and their families. Dependency or abuse and neglect cases involve state intervention. These are not disputes between private parties where the sole focus is the best interest of the child regarding which guardian to be placed with. Cheating the Evidence warns against diluting the constitutional requirement of proving the lack of parental unfitness by clear and convincing evidence by making comparative judgments about placement which are based on often subjective assessments on best interests of the child which are resource based. Given that high percentage of cases involving allegations of neglect versus inflicted abuse these concerns are of paramount importance. There is a need for more rigor in fact‐finding and adherence to constitutionally required burdens of proof. Due process and fairness are best‐served by supporting client‐directed advocacy and greater transparency, including presumptively opening up the doors to closed juvenile and family court hearings as recommended by the National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges in 2005. Opening the doors is not a binary or either or proposition‐ we can preclude dissemination of records of youth, and protect confidentiality as a growing number of states have done. Transparency includes more than raising the level of practice of lawyers and judges‐ it includes encouraging systemic accountability from child serving agencies and educating the public about the complexities which are related to the birth or cradle to prison pipeline.
Temporal dynamics of alpha and beta diversity of lake algae: Opposing patterns and influencing factors over the past 200 years
Authors: Ma Rui , Soininen Janne , Zhou Aifeng , Ji Panpan , Jiang Tongzhuo , Martín‐Devasa Ramiro , Chen Jianhui
Published: October 2024

Better understanding of the responses of algal biodiversity to multiple pressures, such as climate warming and eutrophication, is a key issue in aquatic ecology. Alpha and beta diversity may have various patterns over temporal scales, especially in the Anthropocene, when external pressures became more multifaceted. However, the limited availability of historical data hampers the exploration of algal biodiversity through time.

Recently, sediment DNA has emerged as a potential tool for elucidating temporal patterns in algal communities. Here, we used sediment DNA to reconstruct temporal turnover and diversity of algal communities in four remote lakes in northern China over the past 200 years. Furthermore, to distinguish the contributions of possible influencing environmental factors, we conducted structural equation modelling.

Our results revealed that algal communities have experienced rapid shifts since the Anthropocene, characterized by increased alpha diversity and decreased temporal beta diversity. Warmer climate and eutrophication were associated with changes in alpha diversity, while temporal environmental variation was associated with temporal beta diversity.

This study revealed opposing patterns in alpha and beta diversity for algal communities, possibly caused by warming, eutrophication and lower temporal environmental variation, respectively. While climatic factors played a major role in remote lakes with a natural environment, lakes that are more human impacted may be more structured by nutrient‐related factors.

Under climate warming and intensified human activities, remote lakes may encounter complex pressures in the near future. Our findings offer valuable insights into patterns in aquatic biodiversity and possible factors underlying multiple pressures.
The effect of increasing canola oil and soybean oil addition to beef cattle rations based on corn silage and barley grain on the in vitro ruminal gas production and rumen fermentation
Authors: Kara Kanber , Yılmaz Kurşat , Yılmaz Sena , Pirci Gönül
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the current experiment was to determine the effects of ruminal fermentation parameters of the additions of canola or soybean oils at different rates (4, 8 and 12%) to beef cattle total mix rations (TMR), based on corn silage and barley grain. The addition of 4% soybean oil to TMR positively affected in vitro gas production, net energy lactation (NEL), metabolic energy (ME), and organic matter digestion (OMd). The additions of 8% and 12% of soybean oil to TMR linearly decreased ME, NEL and OMd (p < 0.05). The additions of 4, 8 and 12% canola oil to the TMR linearly decreased the in vitro gas production and estimated fermentation values (ME, NEL and OMd) (p < 0.05). All doses of soybean or canola oils in TMR reduced the molarities of total short‐chain fatty acids (tSFCA), acetic (AA), butyric (BA), propionic (PA), valeric (VA), iso‐valeric (IVA) and iso‐butyric acids (IBA) for in vitro fermentation fluid (p < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between the increasing dietary stearic, oleic and linoleic acid and the end‐products of in vitro rumen fermentation. However, increasing dietary α‐linolenic acids had no adverse effect on in vitro ruminal fermentation end‐products. As a result, 4% addition of the soybean oil, which included a higher rate of α‐linolenic acid and saturated fatty acids and a lower rate of oleic, linoleic acids according to those of canola oil, to the TMR positively affected in vitro ruminal fermentation. In addition, the ≥8% addition of canola or soybean oil adversely affected the in vitro fermentation values.
Towards a New Integrated Model for Taking Into Account the Experiential Knowledge of People With Chronic Diseases, Integrating Mediation, Therapeutic Education and Partnership: The Expanded Chronic Care Patient–Professional Partnership Model
Authors: Pomey Marie‐Pascale , Schaad Béatrice , Lasserre‐Moutet Aline , Böhme Philip , Jackson Mathieu
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The Chronic Care Model (CCM), the Expanded Chronic Care Model (ECCM) and the eHealth Enhanced Chronic Care Model (eCCM) focus on how healthcare teams and eHealth support can offer effective care and relevant solutions for patients facing chronic care conditions. However, they do not consider how patients can help these teams in their work, nor do they promote ways in which patients can help themselves. However, in the last decade, three different models have emerged that can complete our capacity to design and deliver integrated care for people with chronic diseases. In this article, we propose a revised version of the model that integrates the patient perspective and patients' experience‐based knowledge. It integrates three different ways of engaging patients that complement the other patient engagement point of view: the experience of care and mediation in healthcare, therapeutic patient education and patient learning pathways, as well as patient–professional partnership.

Methodology

For each of the three models, we conducted a review of the literature using CINAHL, Medline, OVID, EMBASE PsychINFO, Science Direct and government reports on patient engagement and partnership with their healthcare providers, to integrate the different components of these models into the ECCM and eCCM. The goal is to create a model that better takes into account the experiential knowledge of patients and citizens throughout its different dimensions.

Results

We identified 129 papers based on their framework, design, sample, measures and fit with patient engagement and chronic illness and added our own research when relevant. Integrating the three models provides an opportunity to amplify the role played by the patient perspective in the management of chronic disease. The Expanded Chronic Care Patient–Professional Partnership Model (E2C3PM) is intended to rebalance power relations between healthcare professionals and patients (and their caregivers). This new model is based on recognizing patients' experiential knowledge and their roles as caregivers and as full members of the care team. Integrating patient empowerment into the E2C3PM underscores the importance of coproduction care with patients at the clinical, organizational and system levels within a supportive environment.

Conclusion

Applying this new model should make it possible to better take into account the complexity of chronic diseases, improving the integration not only of care, services and eHealth support but also the various determinants of health and reaching a mutually beneficial settlement among all actors involved.

Patient or Public Contribution

A patient‐researcher contributed to the development of the protocol, the data collection and the preparation and writing of this manuscript.
WAGE RISK, EMPLOYMENT RISK, AND THE RISE IN WAGE INEQUALITY
Authors: Mecikovsky Ariel , Wellschmied Felix
Published: October 2024

U.S. male residual wage inequality rose, and the employment rate fell between 1983 and 2013. Using a structural labor market model, we show that rising idiosyncratic wage risk and lower taxes at the bottom of the earnings distribution are the main forces behind rising wage inequality. The former contributes to the falling employment rate. Falling real wages and rising disability risk further depressed employment of workers without a college degree and rising exogenous job destruction depressed employment of workers with a college degree. Higher idiosyncratic risk entails large welfare losses with the largest losses among workers without a college degree.
Local structure maturation in high entropy oxide (Mg,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn)1‐x(Cr,Mn)xO thin films
Authors: Niculescu Gabriela E. , Bejger Gerald R. , Barber John P. , Wright Joshua T. , Almishal Saeed S. I. , Webb Matthew , Ayyagari Sai Venkata Gayathri , Maria Jon‐Paul , Alem Nasim , Heron John T. , Rost Christina M.
Published: October 2024

High entropy oxides (HEOs) have garnered much interest due to their available high degree of tunability. Here, we study the local structure of (MgNiCuCoZn)0.167(MnCr)0.083O, a composition based on the parent HEO (MgNiCuCoZn)0.2O. We synthesized a series of thin films via pulsed laser deposition at incremental oxygen partial pressures. X‐ray diffraction shows lattice parameters to decrease with increased pO2 pressures until the onset of phase separation. X‐ray absorption fine structure shows that specific atomic species in the composition dictate the global structure of the material as Cr, Co, and Mn shift to energetically favorable coordination with increasing pressure. Transmission electron microscopy analysis on a lower‐pressure sample exhibits a rock salt structure, but the higher‐pressure sample reveals reflections reminiscent of the spinel structure. In all, these findings give a more complete picture of how (MgNiCuCoZn)0.167(MnCr)0.083O forms with varying initial conditions and advances fundamental knowledge of cation behavior in high entropy oxides.
Advancing understanding of composition–structure–luminescent properties in laser glass through machine learnings
Authors: Ji Yao , Dong Shuangli , Wang Weichao , Zhang Qinyuan
Published: October 2024

Rare‐earth (RE)‐doped laser glasses meet urgent needs in national security and scientific fields, and their optimization has garnered extensive attention. However, the design of these laser glasses often relies excessively on trial‐and‐error experimentation, leading to significant costs and a lack of scientific guidance. Herein, we propose an integrated method that combines structural descriptors determined from molecular dynamics simulations, a self‐constructed luminescent database, and a machine learning algorithm to establish the composition–structure–luminescent property (CSLP) relationship. Using an Nd3+‐doped commercial silicate laser glass system as an example, the effectiveness of this approach has been demonstrated. The developed CSLP model enables highly accurate predictions of spectral properties, achieving a determination coefficient (R2) greater than 0.94, based on eight structural descriptors. The importance of different structural descriptors on spectral characteristics is ranked and thoroughly discussed, revealing an intrinsic relationship between the first and second coordination shells around RE ions and luminescent behaviors. Furthermore, the generic structural descriptors identified in the CSLP model can be extrapolated to other systems involving different network formers (e.g., silicate and phosphate) and modifier cations (e.g., Li, Na, K, Ba, and Ca). This capability facilitates the design of laser glasses tailored to specific targets, such as large emission cross‐sections, extended lifetimes, or reduced quenching effects.