bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2. The Conjunction Wa in CBH
Authors: Isaksson Bo
Published: September 2024

This chapter describes the Old Semitic conjunction wa- in Classical Hebrew, and its use in other Semitic languages. In all instances, a wa-clause relates to the preceding clause(s). The meanings perceived in wa- are relational meanings, such as simultaneity, temporal succession, conditionality, reason, result, and conclusion. The meaning that wa- is perceived to possess is determined by the semantic relation between the two clauses. It turns out that the principal syntactic distinction in Classical Hebrew is not between ‘consecutive waw’ and ‘copulative waw’, but between discourse continuity clauses and discontinuity clauses. In this distinction, wa- plays a fundamental role in the formation of the principal continuity clause-type in Classical Hebrew prose: wa-Verb.
3. The Short Yiqṭol as a Separate Verbal Morpheme in CBH
Authors: Isaksson Bo
Published: September 2024

Chapter 3 discusses the short yiqṭol as a separate verbal morpheme in Classical Hebrew. The theory of consecutive tenses hides the true nature of the short yiqṭol. On one hand it is put out of sight as ‛jussive’, as if jussive were not also a yiqṭol; on the other, the indicative short yiqṭol is put out of sight, concealed in one of the principal verb forms, that of wa(y)-yiqṭol. It is shown that the short yiqṭol, with both meanings, is inherited from Proto Semitic. It has cognates in other ancient Semitic languages like Akkadian (iprus), Amorite, Ugaritic, Amarna Canaanite, and the most ancient inscriptions of Aramaic. Even in the archaic Hebrew poetry, the short yiqṭol could function as a ‘free’ narrative verb form, without the restriction to a discourse continuity clause-type, wa(y)-yiqṭol. The impression given by the theory of consecutive tenses, that there is only one yiqṭol, is false. It is typologically false, and also false in the synchronic state of Classical Hebrew. The short yiqṭol is distinctively short in some positions but not in others. Classical Hebrew was able to cope with the partial homonymy between the short yiqṭol and the long yiqṭol by a restriction of word order.
Estimation of AMOC Transition Probabilities Using a Machine Learning–Based Rare-Event Algorithm
Authors: Jacques-Dumas Valérian , van Westen René M. , Dijkstra Henk A.
Published: September 2024

The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is an important component of the global climate, known to be a tipping element, as it could collapse under global warming. The main objective of this study is to compute the probability that the AMOC collapses within a specified time window, using a rare-event algorithm called trajectory-adaptive multilevel splitting (TAMS). However, the efficiency and accuracy of TAMS depend on the choice of the score function. Although the definition of the optimal score function, called the “committor function,” is known, it is impossible in general to compute it a priori. Here, we combine TAMS with a next-generation reservoir computing technique that estimates the committor function from the data generated by the rare-event algorithm. We test this technique in a stochastic box model of the AMOC for which two types of transition exist, the so-called fast (F) and slow (S) transitions. Results for the F transitions compare favorably with those in the literature where a physically informed score function was used. We show that coupling a rare-event algorithm with machine learning allows for a correct estimation of transition probabilities, transition times, and even transition paths for a wide range of model parameters. We then extend these results to the more difficult problem of S transitions in the same model. In both cases of F transitions and S transitions, we also show how the next-generation reservoir computing technique can be interpreted to retrieve an analytical estimate of the committor function.
Optimizing Numerical Weather Prediction Utility of the Maryland Mesonet with Observing System Simulation Experiments
Authors: McCurry Joshua , Poterjoy Jonathan
Published: September 2024

The Maryland Mesonet project will construct a network of 75 surface observing stations with aims that include mitigating the statewide impact of severe convective storms and improving analyses of records. The spatial configuration of mesonet stations is expected to affect the utility newly provided observations will have via data assimilation, making it desirable to study the effects of mesonet configuration. Furthermore, the impact associated with any observing system configuration is constrained by errors inherent to the prediction systems used to generate forecasts, which may change with future advances in data assimilation methodology, physical parameterization schemes, and resource availability. To address such possibilities, we perform sets of observing system simulation experiments using a high-resolution regional modeling system to assess the expected impact of four candidate mesonet configurations. Experiments cover seven 18-h case study events featuring moist convective regimes associated with severe weather over the state of Maryland and are performed using two versions of our experimental modeling system: a “standard-uncertainty” configuration tuned to be representative of existing convective-allowing prediction systems and a “constrained-uncertainty” configuration with reduced boundary condition and model error that reflects a possible trajectory for future prediction systems. We find that the assimilation of mesonet data produces definitive improvements to analysis fields below 1000 m that are mediated by modeling system uncertainty. Conversely, mesonet impact on forecast verification is inconclusive and strongly variable across verification metrics. The impact of mesonet configuration appears limited by a saturation effect that caps local analysis improvements past a minimal density of observing stations.

Significance Statement

The Maryland Mesonet project will construct 75 surface observing stations to improve the analysis of records for Maryland’s surface weather conditions as well as predictions for severe weather events. The spatial placement of sensors is expected to influence the utility of a mesonet, making it desirable to optimize mesonet layouts. The utility provided by a mesonet may also be impacted by errors in prediction systems used to generate analyses and forecasts, which are themselves subject to change given future advances in prediction methods and resources. This study uses observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs)—which comprehensively simulate numerical weather prediction for a known “truth state” —to characterize improvement we may expect from mesonet observations and evaluate four potential mesonet configurations.
Psychiatrists' Experiences, Training Needs, and Preferences Regarding Prescription and Management of HIV Pre‐exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Within Psychiatric Care
Authors: Bunting Samuel R. , Feinstein Brian A. , Vidyasagar Nitin , Wilson Allison , Schneider John , Ehsan Dustin A. , Hazra Aniruddha
Published: September 2024

Background

People living with mental illness (PLWMI) experience a disproportionate prevalence and incidence of HIV. Preventing HIV among PLWMI is a priority for multiple domestic public health agencies. As key clinicians for this group, psychiatrists may have an important role to play in increasing PrEP use among PLWMI.

Methods

A national survey of psychiatrists (N = 880) about integrating PrEP prescription into psychiatric practice was conducted between November 2022‐October 2023. Specifically, we inquired about experiences with PrEP prescription, patient request for PrEP, and interest in prescribing PrEP. We also inquired about barriers to PrEP prescription in psychiatry and preferred models for implementing PrEP prescription in psychiatry.

Results

We found that 19.3% of psychiatrists had received a request for PrEP from a patient, 17.3% had prescribed, and 53.9% were interested in prescribing. The greatest percentage of psychiatrists who prescribed PrEP were practicing primarily in inpatient psychiatry (28.8%). Practicing in one of the federal Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) priority jurisdictions (aOR = 2.08 [1.23–3.54], p = 0.003) and greater self‐confidence in PrEP‐related tasks (aOR = 2.10 [1.67–2.65], p < 0.001) were associated with higher likelihood of PrEP prescription. Limited knowledge of PrEP was the barrier endorsed by the greatest percentage of psychiatrists (76.3%). Most preferred a hypothetical model in which a psychiatrist prescribed an initial course of PrEP with prompt primary care or infectious disease follow‐up (63.1%).

Conclusion

Most psychiatrists were interested in prescribing PrEP. Training is needed to enable PrEP implementation in psychiatric practice including development of collaborative practice models to engage psychiatrists across a diversity of settings.
A position-free control strategy in the full speed domain based on an electro-hydraulic pump
Authors: Qiu Xinguo , Shen Tong , Wang Fucheng , Jin Xiaohang , Zheng Ying
Published: September 2024

The electric plunger hydraulic pump plays a crucial role in hydraulic transmission technology by integrating an electric motor and a hydraulic pump. The main objectives in designing such devices are to improve efficiency, achieve miniaturization, and promote environmental sustainability. This paper introduces a speed control strategy for an electric hydraulic pump that operates across its entire speed range without relying on position sensor feedback. We begin by establishing the overall model of the electric hydraulic pump and motor characteristics under different operating conditions. Next, we employ a high-frequency injection control method to enable the electric hydraulic pump to start at zero-speed or low-speed states. Additionally, the optimized extended Kalman filtering control method enhances the robustness and tracking performance of the electric hydraulic pump in the medium to high-speed range. Finally, considering the motor characteristics under different operating conditions, we achieve sensorless control of the electric hydraulic pump across the full speed range. Our proposed control strategy provides a promising solution for the control of electric plunger hydraulic pumps, with widespread industrial applications.
Recurrence in Oral Leukoplakia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Bhattarai B.P. , Singh A.K. , Singh R.P. , Chaulagain R. , Søland T.M. , Hasséus B. , Sapkota D.
Published: September 2024

The management of oral leukoplakia (OL) is challenging because of a high risk for recurrence and malignant transformation (MT), and recurrent OL is associated with a higher risk of MT than nonrecurrent OL. The present meta-analysis aimed to examine the association between OL recurrence and surgical techniques used for their management as well as their clinicopathological factors. Electronic searches were conducted in EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to retrieve studies reporting OL recurrence after surgery. The pooled proportion of OL recurrence after surgical excision was estimated. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on the surgical technique, data type, grades of epithelial dysplasia, anatomical subsites, clinical type and size of the lesion, surgical margin, and risk habits. Meta-regression analyses were conducted to identify the association between age, sex, and follow-up duration and OL recurrence. The risk of MT based on the recurrence status was also estimated. A network meta-analysis was performed to determine the surgical modality associated with the least OL recurrence. Eighty studies with a total of 7,614 samples and various surgical modalities (laser-based techniques, conventional scalpel surgery, cryosurgery, and photodynamic therapy) were included in the meta-analysis. A pooled proportion of recurrence of 22% was observed. Laser-based surgeries resulted in fewer OL recurrences than other surgical modalities, and the combination of laser excision and vaporization was identified to be the best treatment approach. OL in the retromolar area and multiple sites, nonhomogeneous OL, advanced age, female sex, inadequate surgical margin, retrospective data, and betel quid chewing habit were significantly associated with higher OL recurrence. Recurrent OL showed a 7.39 times higher risk of MT than nonrecurrent OL. These results suggest that the combination of laser excision and vaporization might reduce OL recurrence. Furthermore, OL in older patients, females, and nonhomogeneous OL need close monitoring after any surgical therapy.
m6Am Methyltransferase PCIF1 Regulates Periodontal Inflammation
Authors: Song W. , Liu L. , Liang H. , Cheng H. , He W. , Yin Q. , Zhang Z. , Lin W. , Li H. , Li Q. , Liu W. , Zhang D. , Chen D. , Yuan Q.
Published: September 2024

N6,2′-O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am), a common mRNA modification in eukaryotic capped mRNAs, plays a pivotal role in cellular functions and disease progression. However, its involvement in host inflammation remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that loss of m6Am methyltransferase phosphorylated CTD interacting factor 1 (PCIF1) attenuates periodontal inflammation in whole-body and myeloid lineage–specific knockout mouse models. Pcif1 deletion inhibits macrophage phagocytosis and migration through m6Am-Csf1r signaling. In addition, colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) is identified as a potential target for the treatment of periodontitis. We thus reveal a previously unrecognized role for PCIF1-mediated m6Am modification in governing macrophage responses and periodontal inflammation.
Multiscale Imaging to Monitor Functional SHED-Supported Engineered Vessels
Authors: Chatzopoulou E. , Bousaidi N. , Guilbert T. , Rucher G. , Rose J. , Germain S. , Rouzet F. , Chaussain C. , Muller L. , Gorin C.
Published: September 2024

Regeneration of orofacial tissues is hampered by the lack of adequate vascular supply. Implantation of in vitro engineered, prevascularized constructs has emerged as a strategy to allow the rapid vascularization of the entire graft. Given the angiogenic properties of dental pulp stem cells, we hereby established a preclinical model of prevascularized constructs loaded with stem cells from human exfoliating deciduous teeth (SHED) in a 3-dimensional-printed material and provided a functional analysis of their in vivo angiogenesis, vascular perfusion, and permeability. Three different cell-loaded collagen hydrogels (SHED–human umbilical vein endothelial cell [HUVEC], HUVEC with SHED-conditioned medium, and SHED alone) were cast in polylactic acid (PLA) grids and ectopically implanted in athymic mice. At day 10, in vivo positron emission tomography (PETscan) revealed a significantly increased uptake of radiotracer targeting activated endothelial cells in the SHED-HUVEC group compared to the other groups. At day 30, ex vivo micro–computed tomography imaging confirmed that SHED-HUVEC constructs had a significantly increased vascular volume compared to the other ones. Injection of species-specific lectins analyzed by 2-photon microscopy demonstrated blood perfusion of the engineered human vessels in both prevascularized groups. However, in vivo quantification showed increased vessel density in the SHED-HUVEC group. In addition, coinjection of fluorescent lectin and dextran revealed that prevascularization with SHED prevented vascular leakage, demonstrating the active role of SHED in the maturation of human-engineered microvascular networks. This preclinical study introduces a novel PLA prevascularized and implantable construct, along with an array of imaging techniques, to validate the ability of SHED to promote functional human-engineered vessels, further highlighting the interest of SHED for orofacial tissue engineering. Furthermore, this study validates the use of PETscan for the early detection of in vivo angiogenesis, which may be applied in the clinic to monitor the performance of prevascularized grafts.
Perinatal Grief Counseling and Its Effect on Grief Levels in Women Who Underwent Pregnancy Termination: A Comparative Experimental Study
Authors: Gölçek Zeynep Kübra , Demir Yildirim Ayça
Published: September 2024

This study was designed as a two-group pre-test post-test comparative experimental study to examine the effects of grief counseling on perinatal grief levels in women who underwent pregnancy termination before discharge from the clinic. This study was conducted with 70 women who underwent medical termination of pregnancy. The intervention group ( n = 35) received perinatal grief care, while the control group ( n = 35) received only routine hospital care. In this study, the Introductory Information Form, Perinatal Grief Scale, and evaluation form of the care received were completed. While the perinatal grief level of the intervention group decreased after the application of grief care, a significant difference between the groups was detected only in women with a history of medical termination according to obstetric characteristics ( p < .05). The findings obtained from this study showed that perinatal grief care support decreased grief scores on perinatal grief instruments and their sub-dimensions in the intervention group.
Comparison of the effect of combination therapies in the treatment of large varicose ulcers: A real-world cohort study
Authors: Wen Fangfang , Xie Hailiang , Lai Minggui , Zheng Guofu , Xie Yuancai , Liu Xiaochun
Published: September 2024

Objectives:

The primary treatment for varicose ulcers is to address the underlying cause of venous hypertension, additionally, split-thickness skin transplantation (ST) is an effective option for large ulcers. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of venous surgery with or without split-thickness ST in the management of varicose ulcers (diameter ≥6 cm).

Methods:

Patients with varicose ulcers between 2013 and 2023 were included in the real-world retrospective cohort study. The endovenous microwave ablation/endovenous laser ablation-high ligation-foam sclerotherapy-compression therapy + ST group (EMA/EVLA-CT-HL-FS + ST) consisted of 32 patients, while the EMA/EVLA-CT-HL-FS group consisted of 48 patients.

Results:

A difference in ulcer healing time was found between the two groups (the hazard ratio [HR] was 4.4, 95% CI [2.3–8.2], P < 0.0001). However, the healing rate did not differ between the two groups at 6 and 12 months postoperatively.

Conclusion:

ST has been shown to expedite ulcer healing and ameliorate the symptoms of VVs in the early stages of treatment, while its intermediate to long-term efficacy for ulcer healing and overall patient quality of life may be limited.
A review of deep learning and artificial intelligence in dyeing, printing and finishing
Authors: Ingle Nilesh , Jasper Warren J
Published: September 2024

This review focuses on the transformative applications of deep learning and artificial intelligence in textile dyeing, printing, and finishing. In textile dyeing, the topics span color prediction, color-based classification, dyeing recipe prediction, dyeing pattern recognition, and the nuanced domain of color fabric defect detection. In textile printing, applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning center around pattern detection in printed fabrics, the generation of novel patterns, and the critical task of detecting defects in printed textiles. In textile finishing the prediction of fabric thermosetting parameters is discussed. Artificial neural networks, diverse convolutional neural network variations like AlexNet, traditional machine learning approaches including support vector regression, principal component analysis, XGBoost, and generative artificial intelligence such as generative adversarial networks, as well as genetic algorithms all find application in this multifaceted exploration. At its core, the interest to use these methodologies is because of the need to minimize repetitive and time-consuming manual tasks, curtail prototyping costs, and promote process automation. The review unravels a plethora of innovative architectures and frameworks, each tailored to address specific challenges. However, a persistent hurdle looms – the scarcity of data, which remains a significant impediment. While unveiling a collection of research findings, the review also spotlights the inherent challenges in implementing artificial intelligence solutions in the textile dyeing and printing domain.
Neoclassical realism(s) vis-à-vis other theories of foreign policy: taking the indistinguishability problem seriously
Authors: Rodríguez Federmán
Published: September 2024

Neoclassical realism (NCR)’s opponents have considered it an incoherent and indistinctive approach because of its interest in addressing ideational and institutional factors. Specifically, they have denounced NCR’s fuzzily established internal and external conceptual boundaries, corresponding to central dimensions of this approach’s ‘indistinguishability’ problem. Even though NCR has responded in a sophisticated manner to its critics, such a response still falls short of advancing some subtle strategies to forge NCR’s theoretical identity and research design. To fill this gap, I distinguish several neoclassical realist theories (Types I, II, IIA, IIB and III) to clarify NCR works’ common ground and the several options available to the analyst to cope with the indistinguishability problem’s internal dimension. Furthermore, I compare neoclassical realist theories with organizational, bureaucratic, realist, liberal and constructivist approaches to foreign policy to discuss the indistinguishability problem’s external dimension. Dealing with this dimension entails acknowledging that neoclassical realist theories provide a top-down, as compared to a bottom-up approach to explain foreign policy as a policy rather than a process. It also provides a thorough explanation rather than a parsimonious account aimed at distinguishing independent and intervening variables. With different intensities, neoclassical realist theories embrace specific, refined logics of consequentialism rather than appropriateness to explain distinct state preferences rather than assuming power maximization or security seeking as pre-fixed state goals.
Adaptive dynamic programming–based fault-tolerant control of multi-UAV formation system
Authors: Tang Yifan , Dou Liqian , Zhang Ruilong , Zhang Xiuyun , Cai Siyuan
Published: September 2024

With the increasing utilization of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarms in civilian and military field applications, it is crucial to eliminate the potential impacts of UAV faults on task completion and efficiency. To address this issue, the present paper investigates a fault-tolerant control scheme based on the adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) method and fault observer. The whole closed-loop system is composed of a position loop and an attitude loop. An ADP-based position-tracking controller is established with an improved cost function that can simultaneously represent actuator faults, control inputs, and tracking errors. In addition, a single-layer critic neural network is constructed to estimate the cost function and approximate control inputs. In the process of adjusting the weights of the neural network, a unique adjustment method combining policy gradient and prioritized experience replay is adopted to improve the data usage efficiency and speed up the weight convergence. Furthermore, a sliding mode–based attitude controller is utilized for the inner-loop attitude subsystem. The significant feature of this scheme is that it has the ability to self-learn and self-adapt. A Lyapunov stability analysis is performed to verify whether the signals are uniformly ultimately bounded. Finally, simulation experiments are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Polynomial filter-based adaptive fault-tolerant control for a class of nonlinear systems with multiplicative faults
Authors: Ma Yuhan , Gao Ming , Liu Shiyang , Wei Yongli , Niu Yichun , Sheng Li
Published: September 2024

In this article, the problem of fault-tolerant control is investigated for polynomial nonlinear systems (PNSs) subject to multiplicative faults and measurement noise. Firstly, a matrix Taylor expansion technique is applied to transform the PNS into a linear parameter varying system. Then the polynomial filter is constructed to get estimations of states and unmatched disturbances, which reduces the effect of measurement noise. A novel adaptive fault-tolerant controller is proposed to compensate for multiplicative faults and unmatched disturbances. Furthermore, the condition of the parameter-dependent linear matrix inequality (PDLMI) is deduced, which guarantees the boundedness of tracking errors and estimation errors, and the sum of squares (SOS) decomposition technique is utilized to solve PDLMI. Finally, the simulation of a rotary steerable drilling tool system confirms the feasibility of the proposed adaptive fault-tolerant control framework.
Assessing Academic Preferential Hiring Practices in Highly Ranked Otolaryngology Departments
Authors: Warner Brendon K. , Munhall Christopher C. , Shah Sunny , Pitiranggon Chada , Camilon Terence James M. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Labadie Robert F.
Published: September 2024

Objective: To assess whether preferential hiring practices, particularly self-hiring, are present in academic otolaryngology departments. Setting: A list of academic Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery (O-HNS) departments ranked #1-40 was generated from the Doximity 2021 rankings. The educational background and training information of clinical faculty members and departmental leadership was extracted from each department’s online directories. Methods: Descriptive statistics were used to examine inter/intradepartmental relationships and affiliations of included clinical faculty and departmental leadership based on current employment and medical training sites. A “prior affiliation ratio” was calculated to assess the degree of self-hiring and account for multiple possible prior affiliations (medical school, residency, and fellowship) by dividing all prior self-hired affiliations of faculty by the total number of faculty at each department. Results: A total of 1344 clinical faculty were identified, and 596 (44.35%) had at least 1 prior affiliation with their department. The overall prior affiliation ratio was 0.6, and 7 departments had a value >0.8, with the highest being 1.27 (>1.0 indicating multiple prior affiliations per individual such as both residency and fellowship). A network map of departments #1-10 showed heavy intradepartmental faculty recruitment with 24% of faculty having completed a #1-10 residency, 24% a #11-20 residency, 13% a #21-30 residency, and 11% a #31-40 residency. Totaling this data, 76% of faculty at departments ranked #1-10 had completed training at a program ranked #1-40. Furthermore, our data shows high rates of self-hiring among departmental leadership, (40% of Departmental Chairs and 62.5% of Program Directors) though rates are not significantly higher than self-hiring among faculty overall. Conclusion: The top 40 ranked O-HNS departments have high rates of self-hiring, relying on prestige of training programs and prior affiliation in hiring decisions. The effect on departmental productivity and training is unclear.
From teacher to school principal. Analysis of an identity transition process / De profesor a director de escuela. Análisis de un proceso de transición identitaria
Authors: Mollá Núria , Castelló Montserrat
Published: September 2024

The transition from teacher to school principal has been shown to be a professional challenge, and even though the research has identified the challenges involved, little is known about how the way it is approached determines the identity change it entails. We used a longitudinal design with a single case and multimodal data to describe the identity transition of a novice principal in his first year in this role. Based on the dialogic perspective, we describe his position on the critical incidents and analyse the episodes of identity transition and their function in his adoption of the new role. The analysis enabled us to identify the negotiation among the multiple voices (positions) when the principal was faced with challenges. The results show that some incidents opened up episodes of negotiation and repositioning that lasted over time, hindering him from effectively resolving the incidents and consequently taking on the new role of principal. The results have implications for the design of training that fosters the resolution of challenges through repositioning processes and the exploration of dialogic strategies that favour the construction of professional identity.
Interview with Werner Bonefeld: Open Marxism and the Critique of Society
Authors: Alvarez Taylor Alex
Published: September 2024

Werner Bonefeld is Emeritus Professor in the Department of Politics at the University of York, UK, and Adjunct Professor at the Postgraduate School ZRC SAZU (Ljubljana, Slovenia). He has published on topics as varied as the development of the British state during the 1980s and 1990s, Europe’s monetary union, ordoliberalism, and Marx’s critique of political economy. A ground-breaking critical theorist, Bonefeld’s contribution to an ‘open’ Marxism developed a rigorous critique of capitalist social relations without omitting the significant themes of lived experience and class antagonism. The following interview marks the publication of a recent monograph titled A Critical Theory of Economic Compulsion: Wealth, Suffering, Negation. Bonefeld discusses his reading of Frankfurt School critical theory and its relation to heterodox and open Marxist social theory with Alex Alvarez Taylor, whose research focuses on early critical theory.
The Land of the Moderns: The Sense of Latour’s Pragmatism
Authors: Debaise Didier
Published: September 2024

In his major work, An Inquiry into the Modes of Existence, Bruno Latour sets out to establish an anthropology of the Moderns based on the plurality of the modes of existence that make up their world. What about the beings of science, politics, art, religion, economics and so on? How do these beings relate to one another, and how do they constitute the specific forms of thought of the Moderns? Taking as its starting point one of the central notions of modern thought, namely the notion of matter, this article seeks to identify the way in which Latour shows its importance in the constitution of modern thought. It examines its topicality through the double prism of an ecological and decolonial approach that animates Latour’s work, and which this article proposes to revisit.
It’s all about resources: Narcissistic CEOs and entrepreneurial orientation during disruptions
Authors: Chugh Richa , Mockaitis Audra I , Lanivich Stephen E , Nooshabadi Javad E
Published: September 2024

Research regarding the influence of personality traits, such as narcissism, on entrepreneurial orientation (EO) is burgeoning, yet the role of affective and cognitive mechanisms is under-examined. Drawing from research on conservation of resources (COR) theory, entrepreneurial cognition and emotion, we examine the narcissism-EO relationship nexus. Specifically, we analyse the mediating role of the resource-induced coping heuristic (RICH) and the moderating influence of fear on the relationship between narcissism and EO. Longitudinal data from CEO-entrepreneurs of SMEs in six countries were collected during the COVID-19 disruptions. Results suggest that the RICH fully mediates the relationship between narcissism and EO. Fear of COVID-19 (FC-19) positively influenced EO and strengthened the narcissism-RICH relationship. Further, pandemic-related disruptions negatively influenced EO and attenuated the positive influence of FC-19 on EO. These findings offer insight into the drivers of entrepreneurial behaviour during times of disruption.
Who are the ‘real’ people? The concept of relational popular identity and the self-identification of populist voters in Poland
Authors: Nawrocki Michał
Published: September 2024

Research on national, political, and social identities in the study of populism is typically limited to analysing populist identity framing in political and media discourses and measuring its effects on individual populist attitudes. Thus, the self-identification of populists’ supporters, i.e. how they relate to populist identity framing when reflexively constructing their identities, remains largely unexplored. To address this issue, the article introduces the concept of relational popular identity, capturing the complexities of late-modern political identities, and the relational identity mapping technique used to investigate the web of relations forming these identities. The article also presents a case study of loyal voters of the Law and Justice party in Poland and discusses how a relational right-wing popular identity may serve as an ‘intermediary identity’ that articulates elements of other identities to maintain their integrity and a ‘community of last resort’ that unites the ‘real’ people through an immunitarian mechanism of exclusion.
Immersed in Art: The Impact of Affinity for Technology Interaction and Hedonic Motivation on Aesthetic Experiences in Virtual Reality
Authors: Lee Hyunji , Youn Nara
Published: September 2024

Viewing artworks through virtual reality (VR) offers a unique experience, yet understanding how individual traits and motivations affect this process requires further exploration. In this study, we empirically examined the factors influencing aesthetic experiences when viewing artworks in VR. We conducted two experiments using a between-subjects design with VR and 2D videos based on a virtual tour of the Sydney Opera House and an artistic interpretation of Vincent van Gogh's paintings as stimuli. Our moderated mediation analyses identified two pathways through which VR influences aesthetic experiences: a cognitive pathway and an affective pathway. The cognitive pathway reveals that VR enhances the sense of agency and immersion, enriching the aesthetic experience for individuals with a high affinity for technology. The affective pathway shows that VR increases narrative transportation and immersion, enhancing the aesthetic experience particularly for those with strong hedonic motivations.
Design-Based Predictive Inference
Authors: Zhang Li-Chun , Sanguiao-Sande Luis , Lee Danhyang
Published: September 2024

Design-based inference from probability samples is valid by construction for target parameters that are descriptive summaries of finite populations. We develop a novel approach of design-based predictive inference for finite populations, where the individual-level predictor is learned from a probability sample using any models or algorithms for incorporating the relevant auxiliary information, and the uncertainty of estimation is evaluated with respect to the known probability design while the outcome and auxiliary values for modeling are treated as constants. Unlike the existing theory of design-based model-assisted estimation for finite populations, design-based predictive inference is as well suited for individual-level prediction in addition to producing population-level estimates.
Discordant Wada and fMRI language lateralization: a case report
Authors: Peng Yu , Xu Jiwen , Wang Zhaoxin
Published: September 2024

Functional MRI (fMRI) is gaining importance in the preoperative assessment of language for presurgical planning. However, inconsistencies with the Wada test might arise. This current case report describes a very rare case of an epileptic patient who exhibited bilateral distribution (right > left) in the inferior frontal gyrus (laterality index [LI] = –0.433) and completely right dominance in the superior temporal gyrus (LI = –1). However, the Wada test revealed a dissociation: his motor speech was located in the left hemisphere, while he could understand vocal instructions with his right hemisphere. A clinical implication is that the LIs obtained by fMRI should be cautiously used to determine Broca’s area in atypical patients; for example, even when complete right dominance is found in the temporal cortex in right-handed patients. Theoretically, as the spatially separated functions of motor speech and language comprehension (by the combined results of fMRI and Wada) can be further temporally separated (by the intracarotid amobarbital procedure) in this case report, these findings might provide direct support to Broca’s initial conclusions that Broca’s area is associated with acquired motor speech impairment, but not language comprehension per se. Moreover, this current finding supports the idea that once produced, motor speech can be independent from language comprehension.
Phase field thermal shock analysis of rotating porous cracked pretwisted FGM microblade using exact shear correction factor
Authors: Pandey Shashank
Published: September 2024

The present work is an attempt to develop a simple and accurate finite element formulation for the thermal shock analysis of the rotating porous cracked pretwisted functionally graded material (FGM) microblade using modified coupled stress theory in conjunction with phase-field and first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). The physical neural surface is taken as the reference plane and the exact value of the shear correction factor is calculated from the shear stiffness. The elastic properties are assumed to be temperature-dependent and the upper ceramic layer is subjected to a high thermal shock whereas the bottom metallic layer is maintained at room temperature or is thermally insulated. The governing differential equation for the present analysis is derived using Hamilton’s principle and Newmark average acceleration method is used to obtain the transient response of the rotating porous cracked pretwisted FGM microblade subjected to thermal shock. The results obtained from the present finite element formulation are first validated with several benchmark examples available in the literature. New results are presented investigating the effect of crack depth, crack location, crack angle, rotational velocity and material scale ratio on the transient response of the cracked rotating porous pretwisted FGM microblade subjected to thermal shock. It is shown here that the parameters like crack depth, crack location and crack angle have a significant influence on the transient response of the rotating porous cracked pretwisted FGM microblade.
Resolving Dimensionality Issues of the Utretch Work Engagement Scale for Students Using an Integrative Data-Analytic Framework
Authors: Dominguez-Lara Sergio , Trógolo Mario A. , Moreta-Herrera Rodrigo , Vaca-Quintana Diego , Fernández-Arata Manuel , Paredes-Proaño Ana
Published: September 2024

Academic engagement plays a crucial role in students’ learning and performance. One of the most popular measures for assessing this construct is the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale for Students (UWES-S), which is based on a tridimensional conceptualization consisting of dedication, vigor, and absorption. However, prior research on its factor structure has yielded inconsistent results, and the substantial correlations between dimensions raise doubts about their empirical distinctiveness. Thus, questions remain whether academic engagement is experienced as a global construct, or as its three components. The present study addressed this issue by examining the dimensionality of both UWES-S17 and UWES-S9 using a comprehensive factor-analytic framework. One- to four-factor CFA and ESEM models, along with corresponding bifactor-CFA and bifactor-ESEM models, were tested using data from 453 Ecuadorian university students. The results indicated that ESEM yielded superior fit indices and less correlated factors compared to CFA. However, discriminant validity test did not support the distinctiveness of UWES-S factors, and bifactor analyses consistently demonstrated a strong general factor and weak or collapsed specific factors. These findings were remarkably consistent across both UWES-S versions. Collectively, the results suggest that academic engagement, as currently operationalized by the UWES-S, can be considered as a unidimensional rather than a multidimensional construct. Implications for conceptualization, measurement, and research on academic engagement are discussed.
Associations between a multifaceted personality and academic performance in secondary school
Authors: Brandt Naemi D. , Spengler Marion , Lechner Clemens M. , Göllner Richard , Wagner Jenny
Published: September 2024

Whereas meta-analytic evidence has accumulated about the important role personality characteristics such as the Big Five traits play for academic performance in secondary school, less is known about the specific behavioral and emotional repertoire that drives these associations. A closer look at the facet-level of Big Five traits can provide this knowledge helping to better understand why students differ in their success at school. We therefore studied associations between Big Five facets and academic performance (grades and standardized test scores in German and mathematics) in three independent secondary student samples (Study 1 N = 3866, Study 2 N = 2290, and Study 3 N = 366), using regression analytic, structural equation modeling, and meta-analytic procedures to test facet-level associations and incremental associations above traits. We found facet-differential associations with academic performance indicators, particularly for facets of conscientiousness, openness, and extraversion. Evidence for incremental effects of facets beyond traits was weak. Self-discipline (conscientiousness) was the only facet that consistently showed incremental effects across Samples 1 and 2. The results can stimulate research and practice to identify the underlying mechanisms that drive these associations and also highlight the specific emotional and behavioral repertoire that should be supported to help students to succeed in school.
Effect of graphene on microstructure, strain hardening and corrosion behaviour of dual phase Mg-Li matrix processed through liquid metallurgy route
Authors: Vijayananth Kavimani , Ponnusamy Vignesh , Kumar Navneet , Sinnaeruvadi Kumaran
Published: September 2024

The significance of this study lies in the potential enhancement of magnesium (Mg)-based materials through the addition of graphene, aiming to improve their mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. This research investigates the development of graphene-Mg composites, employing a liquid metallurgy route to fabricate a dual-phase structured Mg-8Li composite. Mg-Li dual-phase composites are of interest due to their lightweight nature and promising mechanical properties, making them suitable for applications in aerospace, automotive, and structural engineering. Graphene was incorporated into the Mg matrix at varying percentages (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 wt.%), and the resulting materials were subjected to microstructural, mechanical, and corrosion analyses. Microstructural characterization results reveals that the increase in graphene content results in decrement in grain size of α-Mg and β-Li up to ∼33 and ∼11.5% respectively. Likewise, additions of graphene improvise tensile and yield strength of base matrix up to ∼47 and ∼44% respectively. Strain hardening exponent (n) values of base material decrease from 0.21 to 0.17 with respect to graphene addition which confirms the effect of graphene that acts as effective barrier to slip that decreases the deformation. Corrosion analysis revealed a decrease in corrosion rate and increased pitting resistance with the addition of graphene, indicating improved corrosion resistance. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results depict that the composite with 0.4 wt.% graphene exhibits larger semi conducting loop with higher charge transfer resistance ( Rct) value of 128 Ω cm2.
Comparison of simplex and duplex drum brakes linings with transverse slots in vehicles
Authors: Fatouh Yasser
Published: September 2024

In this paper, experimental comparison between Simplex and Duplex drum brake units performance for three different drum lining profile designs is carried out. The three linings profiles are normal (no slot), with one slot and with three slots. In this study, brake test rig has been designed to represent the actual braking process environment. Brake oil pressure and drum speed are the operational parameters that are varied during the experimental work. From the experimental work and mathematical models for brake force, brake factor, and final friction temperature, the comparisons were carried out. The final conclusions indicate that lining with one slot profile is the most suitable, since the percentage improvement of mean brake force and brake factor of duplex drum brake (D) linings versus simplex drum brake (S) linings reaching 84.09% and 82.73% higher than three slots lining profile but lower than lining with normal profile at low pressure 5 bar and low speed 50 rpm. Also, the percentage improvement of mean primary shoe final friction temperature reduction for the one slot profile reaches 30.00% higher than normal lining profile but lower than lining with three slots profile at high pressure 20 bar and drum speed 50 rpm.
Multi-objective optimization of 3D printing parameters to fabricate TPU for tribological applications
Authors: Garg Nirmal , Kumar Paras
Published: September 2024

Nowadays, polymers frequently replace metals in several applications where comparable properties are desired due to the convenience of processing them as per the requirement. The present work intends to fabricate a thermoplastic polyurethane suitable for journal bearing application using fused deposition modelling (FDM) additive manufacturing method. The cylindrical samples were prepared for experiments using central composite design to examine the effect of FDM machine parameters (such as layer thickness, infill density, and printing speed) on response such as specific wear rate (SWR), coefficient of friction (COF) and hardness. Layer thickness was noticed to be the most significant parameter for the selected responses with a percentage contribution of ∼34% to 72%. Further, as observed from interaction plots the COF and SWR are lowest, and hardness is highest at highest infill density and lowest printing speed. To obtain an optimized set of FDM machine parameters for minimum SWR, COF and maximum hardness, genetic algorithm based multi-objective optimization is performed. The optimized values are SWR of 4.97 × 10−5 mm3/N-m, COF of 0.37 and hardness value of 37.
Tailoring mechanical, microstructural and toughening characteristics of plasma-sprayed graphene-reinforced samarium niobate coatings for extreme environments
Authors: Kumar Satyajeet , Pandey Shailesh Mani
Published: September 2024

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are advanced ceramic layers applied to metal components to provide insulation and protection against high temperatures in extreme operating environments. This study investigated the effects of graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) reinforcement on samarium niobate (SN: SmNbO4) TBCs for extreme environments. Four ceramic top coat compositions were plasma-sprayed onto Inconel 718 substrates: Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), SmNbO4 (SN), and SN reinforced with 1 and 1.5 wt% GNPs (SN-1GNP, SN-1.5GNP). The research examined microstructural characteristics, phase evolution, mechanical properties and toughening mechanisms. GNP reinforcement significantly improved coating density, with SN-1.5GNP reaching 97.4 ± 1.64% compared to 91.3 ± 1.69% for SN and 86.6 ± 1.47% for YSZ. Hardness and elastic modulus were enhanced by 86.38% and 57.91% for SN-1GNP, and 101.09% and 65.23% for SN-1.5GNP respectively. Moreover, fracture toughness experienced a significant increase from 1.86 ± 0.4 to 5.48 ± 0.7 MPa·m1/2, facilitated by toughening mechanisms, like splat bridging, GNP pull-out, crack arrest and ferroelastic domain switching. Additionally, the SN-1.5GNP coating exhibited a higher adhesion strength of 36.84 MPa, thereby leading to improved layer distribution and lesser chance of delamination. Compared to YSZ, these findings suggest that GNP-reinforced SN coatings offer enhanced performance for extreme environment applications.