bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Overview of Current Statistical Methods for Implementing Quality Tolerance Limits
Authors: Kilaru Rakhi , Amodio Sonia , Li Yasha , Wells Christine , Love Sharon , Zeng Yuling , Ye Jingjing , Jelizarow Monika , Balakumar Abhinav , Fronc Maciej , Osterdal Anne Sofie , Rolfe Tim , Talbot Susan
Published: December 2023

Background

In 2016, the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use updated its efficacy guideline for good clinical practice and introduced predefined quality tolerance limits (QTLs) as a quality control in clinical trials. QTLs are complementary to Quality by Design (QbD) principles (ICH-E8) and are one of the components of the risk-based clinical trial quality management system.

Methods

Currently the framework for QTLs process is well established, extensively describing the operational aspects of Defining, Monitoring and Reporting, but a single source of commonly used methods to establish QTLs and secondary limits is lacking. This paper will primarily focus on closing this gap and include applications of statistical process control and Bayesian methods on commonly used study level quality parameters such as premature treatment discontinuation, study discontinuation and significant protocol deviations as examples.

Conclusions

Application of quality tolerance limits to parameters that correspond to critical to quality factors help identify systematic errors. Some situations pose special challenges to implementing QTLs and not all methods are optimal in every scenario. Early warning signals, in addition to QTL, are necessary to trigger actions to further minimize the possibility of an end-of-study excursion.
Hegel of the gaps? Truth, falsity and conjunction in Hegelian contradictions
Authors: Estrada-González Luis
Published: December 2023

I offer here a critical assessment of Beall and Ficara’s most recent take on Hegelian contradictions. By interpreting differently some key passages of Hegel’s work, I favor, unlike them, a no-gaps approach which leads to a different logic.
Coral Reef Carbonate Chemistry Reveals Interannual, Seasonal, and Spatial Impacts on Ocean Acidification Off Florida
Authors: Palacio‐Castro A. M. , Enochs I. C. , Besemer N. , Boyd A. , Jankulak M. , Kolodziej G. , Hirsh H. K. , Webb A. E. , Towle E. K. , Kelble C. , Smith I. , Manzello D. P.
Published: December 2023

Ocean acidification (OA) threatens coral reef persistence by decreasing calcification and accelerating the dissolution of reef frameworks. The carbonate chemistry of coastal areas where many reefs exist is strongly influenced by the metabolic activity of the underlying benthic community, contributing to high spatiotemporal variability. While characterizing this variability is difficult, it has important implications for the progression of OA and the persistence of the ecosystems. Here, we characterized the carbonate chemistry at 38 permanent stations located along 10 inshore‐offshore transects spanning 250 km of the Florida Coral Reef (FCR), which encompass four major biogeographic regions (Biscayne Bay, Upper Keys, Middle Keys, and Lower Keys) and four shelf zones (inshore, mid‐channel, offshore, and oceanic). Data have been collected since 2010, with approximately bi‐monthly periodicity starting in 2015. Increasing OA, driven by increasing DIC, was detected in the mid‐channel, offshore, and oceanic zones in every biogeographic region. In the inshore zone, however, increasing TA counteracted any measurable OA trend. Strong seasonal variability occurred at inshore sites and included periods of both exacerbated and mitigated OA. Seasonality was region‐dependent, with greater variability in the Lower and Middle Keys. Elevated pH and aragonite saturation states (ΩAr) were observed in the Upper and Middle Keys, which could favor reef habitat persistence in these regions. Offshore reefs in the FCR could be more susceptible to global OA by experiencing open‐ocean‐like water chemistry conditions. By contrast, higher seasonal variability at inshore reefs could offer a temporary OA refuge during periods of enhanced primary production.
Winds and Meltwater Together Lead to Southern Ocean Surface Cooling and Sea Ice Expansion
Authors: Roach Lettie A. , Mankoff Kenneth D. , Romanou Anastasia , Blanchard‐Wrigglesworth Edward , Haine Thomas W. N. , Schmidt Gavin. A.
Published: December 2023

Southern Ocean surface cooling and Antarctic sea ice expansion from 1979 through 2015 have been linked both to changing atmospheric circulation and melting of Antarctica's grounded ice and ice shelves. However, climate models have largely been unable to reproduce this behavior. Here we examine the contribution of observed wind variability and Antarctic meltwater to Southern Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) and Antarctic sea ice. The free‐running, CMIP6‐class GISS‐E2.1‐G climate model can simulate regional cooling and neutral sea ice trends due to internal variability, but they are unlikely. Constraining the model to observed winds and meltwater fluxes from 1990 through 2021 gives SST variability and trends consistent with observations. Meltwater and winds contribute a similar amount to the SST trend, and winds contribute more to the sea ice trend than meltwater. However, while the constrained model captures much of the observed sea ice variability, it only partially captures the post‐2015 sea ice reduction.
First Observational Perspectives of “Millipede Clouds” Over the Eastern Pacific Ocean
Authors: Fu G. , Wang Z.‐S. , Zhang X.‐Y. , Sun W.‐K. , Li P.‐Y. , Wang R.‐Y.
Published: December 2023

The fundamental features of one kind of rarely known stratocumulus, which was termed as “Millipede Cloud,” occurred over the Eastern Pacific Ocean in 2017 were first documented by using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite imagery. These clouds had long and meandering “central axes” extending from several hundreds to thousands kilometers, and a number of “radical cloud arms” extending several tens of kilometers in its two sides. Total 59 “Millipede Clouds,” 4 and 55 of them, were formed over the Northern and the Southern Hemispheres, respectively. Their environmental backgrounds were analyzed by using ERA5 reanalysis data and MODIS sensor Level‐2 data. The cloud top pressures of these “Millipede Clouds” were between 850 and 800 hPa, and their top heights were about 1–2 km. There existed “inversion layer” of air temperature near the cloud tops at 800 hPa, which strongly suggested that these clouds were lower stratocumulus in essence.
In search of a pan-coronavirus vaccine: next-generation vaccine design and immune mechanisms
Authors: Cankat S. , Demael M. U. , Swadling L.
Published: December 2023

Members of the coronaviridae family are endemic to human populations and have caused several epidemics and pandemics in recent history. In this review, we will discuss the feasibility of and progress toward the ultimate goal of creating a pan-coronavirus vaccine that can protect against infection and disease by all members of the coronavirus family. We will detail the unmet clinical need associated with the continued transmission of SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV and the four seasonal coronaviruses (HCoV-OC43, NL63, HKU1 and 229E) in humans and the potential for future zoonotic coronaviruses. We will highlight how first-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and natural history studies have greatly increased our understanding of effective antiviral immunity to coronaviruses and have informed next-generation vaccine design. We will then consider the ideal properties of a pan-coronavirus vaccine and propose a blueprint for the type of immunity that may offer cross-protection. Finally, we will describe a subset of the diverse technologies and novel approaches being pursued with the goal of developing broadly or universally protective vaccines for coronaviruses.
Design of dual stimuli-responsive gels with physical and chemical properties that vary in response to light and temperature and cell behavior on their surfaces
Authors: Okihara Masaaki , Matsuda Akana , Kawamura Akifumi , Miyata Takashi
Published: December 2023

Cell behaviors are highly sensitive to the surrounding environment. Therefore, in regulating cells, biomaterial substrates should be designed so their properties are similar to the surrounding environments of the cells. For cell regulation, we designed dual stimuli-responsive gels whose physical (elastic modulus) and chemical (hydrophilicity) properties can be changed by varying the UV exposure time and temperature, respectively. A dual stimuli-responsive polymer with photodimerizable groups and temperature-responsive moieties was prepared by copolymerizing 7-methacryloyloxycoumarin (MAC) and methoxyoligoethylene glycol methacrylate (OEGMA). The resulting polymers (P(MAC-co-OEGMA)) had lower critical solution temperatures (LCSTs), which depended on the compositions. A buffer solution containing P(MAC-co-OEGMA) was exposed to ultraviolet light (UV) for gelation, and the elastic modulus increased with increasing exposure time. The cell behavior, including adhesion and spreading, on the surfaces of these gels was investigated. Most of the cells adhered to P(MAC-co-OEGMA) gels with higher elastic moduli, and the cells were spread more effectively at temperatures above the LCST. This was because cell adhesion and spreading were strongly influenced by the physical and chemical properties of the P(MAC-co-OEGMA) gels, which were regulated by varying the UV exposure time and temperature.
ACIDES: on-line monitoring of forward genetic screens for protein engineering
Authors: Nemoto Takahiro , Ocari Tommaso , Planul Arthur , Tekinsoy Muge , Zin Emilia A. , Dalkara Deniz , Ferrari Ulisse
Published: December 2023

Forward genetic screens of mutated variants are a versatile strategy for protein engineering and investigation, which has been successfully applied to various studies like directed evolution (DE) and deep mutational scanning (DMS). While next-generation sequencing can track millions of variants during the screening rounds, the vast and noisy nature of the sequencing data impedes the estimation of the performance of individual variants. Here, we propose ACIDES that combines statistical inference and in-silico simulations to improve performance estimation in the library selection process by attributing accurate statistical scores to individual variants. We tested ACIDES first on a random-peptide-insertion experiment and then on multiple public datasets from DE and DMS studies. ACIDES allows experimentalists to reliably estimate variant performance on the fly and can aid protein engineering and research pipelines in a range of applications, including gene therapy.
The submarine fault scarp of the 2011 Tohoku-oki Earthquake in the Japan Trench
Authors: Ueda Hayato , Kitazato Hiroshi , Jamieson Alan ,   Pressure Drop Ring of Fire Expedition 2022 Japan Cruise Leg2 science team, Bond Todd , Cardigos Sara , Funaki Masayoshi , Maroni Paige J. , Nanbu Hiroyasu , O’Callaghan Joanne M. , Onishi Takuma , Pedersen Silje W. , Roperez Jaya , Tsuruzono Hiroumi , Watanabe Hiromi K. , Yasuda Tetsuro
Published: December 2023

Rupture of the plate boundary fault during the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake with moment magnitude 9.0 is thought to have propagated to the trench. Surface exposure of the fault has not yet been confirmed because of great depths that are challenging to access and study. Using a manned submersible in the Japan Trench, we explored and visually assessed the seafloor near the epicenter. On the eastern slope of a thrust ridge 59 m high, which appeared after the earthquake, we found a 26 m high subvertical cliff regarded as the fault scarp. Cross-section analysis suggests an 80–120 m slip on the fault when assumed to dip at 45–30°, to build up the observed relief. The estimated larger displacement in the trench than in more proximal parts can be attributed to local enhancement of the slip by extension of the wedge above a subducting graben on the Pacific plate.
Stability of ZnMOx–SAPO-11 (OXZEO) composite catalysts for syngas conversion to gasoline
Authors: Feng Jingyao , Miao Dengyun , Ding Yilun , Jiao Feng , Pan Xiulian , Bao Xinhe
Published: December 2023

The stability of metal oxide-SAPO-11 composite catalyts in the initial 100 h of the syngas-to-gasoline reaction was studied, as well as the regeneration.
Ye Olde supramolecular chemistry, its modern rebranding and overarching trends in chemistry
Authors: Savastano Matteo
Published: December 2023

Herein we contrast the growingly endorsed naming of supramolecular interactions according to the electrophilic atom with deeper and long-lasting discussion about fundamental aspects of bonding. The new nomenclature as a whole is put in question.
Application of rosin resin and zinc oxide nanocomposites to chitosan coatings for extending the shelf life of passion fruits
Authors: Santos Junior Jailton Ribeiro dos , Corrêa-Filho Luiz Carlos , Pereira Vitória Oliveira , Barboza Henriqueta Talita Guimarães , Ferreira José Carlos Sá , Soares Antônio Gomes , Tonon Renata Valeriano , Cabral Lourdes Maria Corrêa
Published: December 2023

The coating containing rosin resin maintained the post-harvest quality of the passion fruit, allowing the passion fruit to reach the 10th day of storage under conditions suitable for consumption.
Development of polypeptide-based materials toward messenger RNA delivery
Authors: Zhao Bowen , Zhang Xiao , Bickle Molly S. , Fu Shiwei , Li Qingchun , Zhang Fuwu
Published: December 2023

As a promising prophylactic and therapeutic strategy, polypeptide-based mRNA delivery systems attract significant interest because of their low cost, simple preparation, tuneable sizes and morphology, biocompatibility, and biodegradability.
Solid-state composite electrolytes: turning the natural moat into a thoroughfare
Authors: Du Guangyuan , Muhtar Dilxat , Cao Jiaqi , Zhang Yongfei , Qian Guoyu , Lu Xueyi , Lu Xia
Published: December 2023

Solid-state composite electrolytes bridge the gap between solid-state polymer electrolytes and solid-state inorganic electrolytes, which play an important role in developing the expected solid-state Li-ion batteries.
Quantifying the influence of 3d–4s mixing on linearly coordinated metal-ions by L2,3-edge XAS and XMCD
Authors: Huzan Myron S. , Burrow Timothy G. , Fix Manuel , Breitner Franziska A. , Chong Sut Kei , Bencok Peter , Aramini Matteo , Jesche Anton , Baker Michael L.
Published: December 2023

X-ray absorption spectroscopy and dichroism are applied to probe the effect of 3d–4s mixing on electronic structure and magnetism for linearly coordinated Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu.
Designing idealised devices for bias-free solar water splitting
Authors: Park Jaemin , Kim Kwang Ho , Kim Dukjoon , Kim Jung Kyu , Yang Wooseok
Published: December 2023

This perspective categorizes unbiased photoelectrochemical (PEC) configurations and outlined their strengths and weaknesses, exploring the path to an ideal PEC water-splitting device design, crucial for practical solar-to-hydrogen conversion.
Towards a greener electrosynthesis: pairing machine learning and 3D printing for rapid optimisation of anodic trifluoromethylation
Authors: Gupta Nipun Kumar , Guo Yilin , Chang Soon Yee , Lin Jing , Khoo Zi Hui Jonathan , I. Made Riko , Ooi Zi En , Lim Carina Yi Jing , Lee Chow Hern , Sivapaalan M. , Lim Yee-Fun , Khoo Edwin , Feng Lu Wen , Lum Yanwei , Handoko Albertus D.
Published: December 2023

Applying electro-organic synthesis in flow configuration can potentially reduce the pharmaceutical industry's carbon footprint and simplify the reaction scale-up.
Co-Prussian blue analogue supported on graphene-based materials as an electrocatalyst for OER at neutral pH
Authors: Yoshimura Rafael G. , de B. Ferraz Thiago V. , Zambiazi Priscilla J. , Bonacin Juliano A.
Published: December 2023

Graphene-based materials doped with N can act as supports to boost the electrocatalytic activity of Co-Prussian Blue in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) under mild conditions.
Use of Social Media Data Mining to Examine Needs, Concerns, and Experiences of People With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Pei Yalian , O'Brien Katy H.
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

Given the limited availability of topic-specific resources, many people turn to anonymous social media platforms such as Reddit to seek information and connect to others with similar experiences and needs. Mining of such data can therefore identify unmet needs within the community and allow speech-language pathologists to incorporate clients' real-life insights into clinical practices.

Method:

A mixed-method analysis was performed on 3,648 traumatic brain injury (TBI) subreddit posts created between 2013 and 2021. Sentiment analysis was used to determine the sentiment expressed in each post; topic modeling and qualitative content analysis were used to uncover the main topics discussed across posts. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on injury severity, chronicity, and whether the post was authored by a person with TBI or a close other.

Results:

There was no significant difference between the number of posts with positive sentiment and the number of posts with negative sentiment. Comparisons between subgroups showed significantly higher positive sentiment in posts by or about people with moderate-to-severe TBI (compared to mild TBI) and who were more than 1 month postinjury (compared to less than 1 month). Posts by close others had significantly higher positive sentiment than posts by people with TBI. Topic modeling identified three meta-themes: Recovery, Symptoms, and Medical Care. Qualitative content analysis further revealed that returning to productivity and life as well as sharing recovery tips were the primary focus under the Recovery theme. Symptom-related posts often discussed symptom management and validation of experiences. The Medical Care theme encompassed concerns regarding diagnosis, medication, and treatment.

Conclusions:

Concerns and needs shift over time following TBI, and they extend beyond health and functioning to participation in meaningful daily activities. The findings can inform the development of tailored educational resources and rehabilitative approaches, facilitating recovery and community building for individuals with TBI.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24881340
Conflict Engagement for Individualized Education Program Team Members
Authors: Abell Gregory
Published: December 2023

As professionals working in schools, we are often expected to function as teams to meet the unique needs of the children, youth, and families we serve. This provides us the opportunity to work with people of diverse experience, perspective, and expertise. In this context, we will encounter conflict. How we engage this challenge will ultimately determine what is possible. Conflict has the potential to be productive or destructive. Our individual and collective experience with conflict is based on the choices we make in our engagement of this shared experience. Ineffective conflict engagement practices will often compromise trust, erode social capital, and challenge psychological safety. This may result in individual and collective disengagement from the pursuit of a shared objective and be manifested in the avoidance of, and unwillingness to, engage critical complex challenges. We can individually and collectively adopt practices and develop skills for aligning our actions and speaking with what we say we believe that there is value in diversity of experience and perspective. New learning, innovation, and creativity are born in the context of conflict. Effective and intentional conflict engagement practices have the potential to build trust, build social capital, increase the possibilities for innovation and creativity, and improve the capacity to address complex challenges. We can learn to leverage conflict to better serve the needs of the children, youth, and families we serve. In this viewpoint article, we will explore the role of conflict in shared learning, innovation, and creativity in service of children with special needs.
Personalized route recommendation for passengers in urban rail transit based on collaborative filtering algorithm
Authors: Li Wei , Li Zhiyuan , Luo Qin
Published: December 2023

The rapid advancements in information technology and intelligent systems within urban rail transit (URT) systems have highlighted the need for more personalized route recommendations that consider passengers’ travel habits. This study aims to address this issue by investigating passenger travel routes alongside other passengers who share similar travel preferences, utilizing collaborative filtering (CF) techniques. The approach involves analyzing historical card data to assess passenger travel profiles, including actual travel time under crowded conditions. By considering both individual passenger preferences and the preferences of similar passengers, a CF algorithm is employed to offer personalized route recommendations. The Shenzhen metro is used as a case study to illustrate the proposed method. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach surpasses traditional route recommendation methods by providing tailored suggestions that align more closely with passengers’ travel preferences. These findings emphasize the value of incorporating passenger travel preferences into route recommendation models, thereby enhancing the accuracy and effectiveness of personalized route recommendations within URT systems.
Speaker identification using Ultra‐Wideband measurement of voice
Authors: Li Haoxuan , Tang Chong , Vishwakarma Shelly , Ge Yao , Li Wenda
Published: December 2023

Voice identification is being increasingly adopted in various domains, including security infrastructures, intelligent home systems, and personalised digital assistants. Notably, it harbours significant promise in transforming healthcare, especially in electronic health record detecting and speech impairment monitoring such as aphasia. Current strategies such as acoustic models based on deep learning, voice bio‐metrics, and spectrogram analysis, have been identified with several drawbacks including vulnerability to altered voices, susceptibility to ambient noise, and the necessity for significant computational power. In response to these issues, the authors introduce a ground‐breaking method of voice identification using Ultra‐Wideband (UWB) technology. This method capitalises on the micro‐Doppler shifts associated with movements of the laryngeal prominence. The distinctive nature of these bio‐metric traits related to speech production provides superior resistance against common pitfalls of voice identification. The proposed model leverages the high‐resolution characteristics of UWB to register tiny variations in laryngeal movements produced during speech, thus forming a distinct voice profile for each speaker. Through rigorous testing, the proposed system demonstrated significant progress in voice identification, achieving close to 90% accuracy in controlled experimental settings. This breakthrough indicates that UWB‐enabled voice identification could have a profound effect on medical applications, providing potential improvements in diagnosing, monitoring, possibly treating speech disorders, and thereby shaping a future of enhanced and secured healthcare services.
How Participatory Health Informatics Catalyzes One Digital Health
Authors: Denecke Kerstin , Romero Octavio Rivera , Merolli Mark , Miron-Shatz Talya , Gabarron Elia , Petersen Carolyn
Published: December 2023

Objective: To identify links between Participatory Health Informatics (PHI) and the One Digital Health framework (ODH) and to show how PHI could be used as a catalyst or contributor to ODH.

Methods: We have analyzed the addressed topics within the ODH framework in previous IMIA Yearbook contributions from our working group during the last 10 years. We have matched main themes with the ODH's framework three perspectives (individual health and wellbeing, population and society, and ecosystem).

Results: PHI catalysts ODH individual health and wellbeing perspective by providing a more comprehensive view on human health, attitudes, and relations between human health and animal health. Integration of specific behavior change techniques or gamification strategies in digital solutions are effective to change behaviors which address the P5 paradigm. PHI supports the population and society perspective through the engagement of the various stakeholders in healthcare. At the same time, PHI might increase a risk for health inequities due to technologies inaccessible to all equally and challenges associated with this. PHI is a catalyst for the ecosystem perspective by contributing data into the digital health data ecosystem allowing for analysis of interrelations between the various data which in turn might provide links among all components of the healthcare ecosystem.

Conclusion: Our results suggest that PHI can and will involve topics relating to ODH. As the ODH concept crystalizes and becomes increasingly influential, its themes will permeate and become embedded in PHI even more. We look forward to these developments and co-evolution of the two frameworks.
Exploring the Evolution of Social Media in Mental Health Interventions: A Mapping Review
Authors: Gabarron Elia , Reichenpfader Daniel , Denecke Kerstin
Published: December 2023

Background: With the rise of social media, social media use for delivering mental health interventions has become increasingly popular. However, there is no comprehensive overview available on how this field developed over time.

Objectives: The objective of this paper is to provide an overview over time of the use of social media for delivering mental health interventions. Specifically, we examine which mental health conditions and target groups have been targeted, and which social media channels or tools have been used since this topic first appeared in research.

Methods: To provide an overview of the use of social media for mental health interventions, we conducted a search for studies in four databases (PubMed; ACM Digital Library; PsycInfo; and CINAHL) and two trial registries (Clinicaltrials.gov; and Cochranelibrary.com). A sample of representative keywords related to mental health and social media was used for that search. Automatic text analysis methods (e.g., BERTopic analysis, word clouds) were applied to identify topics, and to extract target groups and types of social media.

Results: A total of 458 studies were included in this review (n=228 articles, and n=230 registries). Anxiety and depression were the most frequently mentioned conditions in titles of both articles and registries. BERTopic analysis identified depression and anxiety as the main topics, as well as several addictions (including gambling, alcohol, and smoking). Mental health and women's research were highlighted as the main targeted topics of these studies. The most frequently targeted groups were “adults” (39.5%) and “parents” (33.4%). Facebook, WhatsApp, messenger platforms in general, Instagram, and forums were the most frequently mentioned tools in these interventions.

Conclusions: We learned that research interest in social media-based interventions in mental health is increasing, particularly in the last two years. A variety of tools have been studied, and trends towards forums and Facebook show that tools allowing for more content are preferred for mental health interventions. Future research should assess which social media tools are best suited in terms of clinical outcomes. Additionally, we conclude that natural language processing tools can help in studying trends in research on a particular topic.
Advancing Biomedicine with Graph Representation Learning: Recent Progress, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: Li Fang , Nian Yi , Sun Zenan , Tao Cui
Published: December 2023

Objectives: Graph representation learning (GRL) has emerged as a pivotal field that has contributed significantly to breakthroughs in various fields, including biomedicine. The objective of this survey is to review the latest advancements in GRL methods and their applications in the biomedical field. We also highlight key challenges currently faced by GRL and outline potential directions for future research.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, and Google Scholar, to collect relevant publications from the past two years (2021-2022). The studies selected for review were based on their relevance to the topic and the publication quality.

Results: A total of 78 articles were included in our analysis. We identified three main categories of GRL methods and summarized their methodological foundations and notable models. In terms of GRL applications, we focused on two main topics: drug and disease. We analyzed the study frameworks and achievements of the prominent research. Based on the current state-of-the-art, we discussed the challenges and future directions.

Conclusions: GRL methods applied in the biomedical field demonstrated several key characteristics, including the utilization of attention mechanisms to prioritize relevant features, a growing emphasis on model interpretability, and the combination of various techniques to improve model performance. There are also challenges needed to be addressed, including mitigating model bias, accommodating the heterogeneity of large-scale knowledge graphs, and improving the availability of high-quality graph data. To fully leverage the potential of GRL, future efforts should prioritize these areas of research.
Representation of Environmental Concepts Associated with Health Impacts in Computer Standardized Clinical Terminologies
Authors: Block Lorraine J. , Lozada-Perezmitre Erika , Cho Hwayoung , Davies Shauna , Lee Jisan , Lokmic-Tomkins Zerina , Peltonen Laura-Maria , Pruinelli Lisiane , Reid Lisa , Song Jiyoun , Topaz Maxim , von Gerich Hanna , Vyas Pankaj
Published: December 2023

Objective: To evaluate the representation of environmental concepts associated with health impacts in standardized clinical terminologies.

Methods: This study used a descriptive approach with methods informed by a procedural framework for standardized clinical terminology mapping. The United Nations Global Indicator Framework for the Sustainable Development Goals and Targets was used as the source document for concept extraction. The target terminologies were the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) and the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP). Manual and automated mapping methods were utilized. The lists of candidate matches were reviewed and iterated until a final mapping match list was achieved.

Results: A total of 119 concepts with 133 mapping matches were added to the final SNOMED CT list. Fifty-three (39.8%) were direct matches, 37 (27.8%) were narrower than matches, 35 (26.3%) were broader than matches, and 8 (6%) had no matches. A total of 26 concepts with 27 matches were added to the final ICNP list. Eight (29.6%) were direct matches, 4 (14.8%) were narrower than, 7 (25.9%) were broader than, and 8 (29.6%) were no matches.

Conclusion: Following this evaluation, both strengths and gaps were identified. Gaps in terminology representation included concepts related to cost expenditures, affordability, community engagement, water, air and sanitation. The inclusion of these concepts is necessary to advance the clinical reporting of these environmental and sustainability indicators. As environmental concepts encoded in standardized terminologies expand, additional insights into data and health conditions, research, education, and policy-level decision-making will be identified.
Year 2022 in Medical Natural Language Processing: Availability of Language Models as a Step in the Democratization of NLP in the Biomedical Area
Authors: Grouin Cyril , Grabar Natalia ,   Section Editors for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Natural Language Processing
Published: December 2023

Objectives: To analyse the content of publications within the medical Natural Language Processing (NLP) domain in 2022.

Methods: Automatic and manual preselection of publications to be reviewed, and selection of the best NLP papers of the year. Analysis of the important issues.

Results: Three best papers have been selected. We also propose an analysis of the content of the NLP publications in 2022, stressing on some of the topics.

Conclusion: The main trend in 2022 is certainly related to the availability of large language models, especially those based on Transformers, and to their use by non-NLP researchers. This leads to the democratization of the NLP methods. We also observe the renewal of interest to languages other than English, the continuation of research on information extraction and prediction, the massive use of data from social media, and the consideration of needs and interests of patients.
Findings from the 2023 Yearbook Section on Health Information Exchange
Authors: Bloomrosen Meryl , Berner Eta S. ,   Section Editors for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Health Information Exchange
Published: December 2023

Objectives: To summarize the recent literature and research and present a selection of the best papers published in 2022 related to Health Information Exchange (HIE).

Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed by the two section editors with the help of a medical librarian. We searched bibliographic databases for HIE-related papers using both MeSH headings and keywords in titles and abstracts. A shortlist of ten candidate best papers was first selected by section editors before being peer-reviewed by Yearbook editors and independent external reviewers.

Results: Major themes of the set of ten articles included factors influencing the organizational adoption of HIE and clinicians' use of the information, use of HIE in non-traditional settings, patients' perspectives on HIE, and outcomes of using HIE.

Conclusions: These studies provide suggestions for the research questions, theories, settings, methods, and outcomes that can be fruitfully used for further research on HIE.
Actualización en el tratamiento de las lesiones condrales trocleares a propósito de un caso clínico
Authors: Poblete David Figueroa , Bello Juan Pablo Riquelme , Berrios María Loreto Figueroa , Rodriguez Rafael Calvo
Published: December 2023

Las lesiones osteocondrales de la tróclea femoral son lesiones de difícil y controvertido tratamiento. Dentro de las opciones de manejo, la técnica de microfracturas es una de las más utilizadas, con buenos resultados reportados a corto plazo, no obstante un deterioro evidente al largo plazo. Debido a esto, se han desarrollado distintas técnicas de aumentación que favorecerían una mejor calidad del fibrocartílago formado, para así mejorar los resultados a mediano y largo plazo.

En este reporte se presenta un caso de un paciente de 44 años con una lesión osteocondral en la tróclea femoral manejada con técnica combinada de microfracturas y aumentación con matriz de aloinjerto de cartílago, con buenos resultados clínicos e imagenológicos a 18 meses de seguimiento, y posteriormente se realiza una revisión actualizada de la literatura respecto al tópico.
Estrategias de alineamiento en prótesis total de rodilla: La era robótica cambió el juego
Authors: Monge Sebastián , Figueroa David , Isla Jorge
Published: December 2023

La prótesis total de rodilla es una cirugía ampliamente utilizada en el tratamiento de la gonartrosis moderada y severa, con resultados en general favorables, pero con una controversial tasa de insatisfacción entre los pacientes. Se han estudiado las posibles múltiples causas de esta insatisfacción, tomando mucha fuerza en el último tiempo el debate en torno al tipo de alineamiento utilizado en cirugía protésica de rodilla, sobre todo, considerando el advenimiento y las ventajas que trajo consigo la cirugía robótica. El alineamiento mecánico, se ha considerado a lo largo de los años como el estándar de oro en prótesis de rodilla, pero durante el siglo XXI se han creado nuevas filosofías, muchas de ellas gracias a los avances en cirugía robótica. En el presente trabajo dividiremos los alineamientos en 3 grandes grupos, se comentarán las características generales de cada uno, así como también el enfoque actual utilizado en nuestra institución, donde creemos que la cirugía robótica llegó para cambiar el juego.
Patterning single-layer materials by electrical breakdown using atomic force microscopy
Authors: Yang Yajie , Lu Jiajia , Xie Yanbo , Duan Libing
Published: December 2023

The development of nanoelectronics and nanotechnologies has been boosted significantly by the emergence of 2D materials because of their atomic thickness and peculiar properties, and developing a universal, precise patterning technology for single-layer 2D materials is critical for assembling nanodevices. Demonstrated here is a nanomachining technique using electrical breakdown by an AFM tip to fabricate nanopores, nanostrips, and other nanostructures on demand. This can be achieved by voltage scanning or applying a constant voltage while moving the tip. By measuring the electrical current, the formation process on single-layer materials was shown quantitatively. The present results provide evidence of successful pattern fabrication on single-layer MoS2, boron nitride, and graphene, although further confirmation is still needed. The proposed method holds promise as a general nanomachining technology for the future.
Roadmap for focused ion beam technologies
Authors: Höflich Katja , Hobler Gerhard , Allen Frances I. , Wirtz Tom , Rius Gemma , McElwee-White Lisa , Krasheninnikov Arkady V. , Schmidt Matthias , Utke Ivo , Klingner Nico , Osenberg Markus , Córdoba Rosa , Djurabekova Flyura , Manke Ingo , Moll Philip , Manoccio Mariachiara , De Teresa José María , Bischoff Lothar , Michler Johann , De Castro Olivier , Delobbe Anne , Dunne Peter , Dobrovolskiy Oleksandr V. , Frese Natalie , Gölzhäuser Armin , Mazarov Paul , Koelle Dieter , Möller Wolfhard , Pérez-Murano Francesc , Philipp Patrick , Vollnhals Florian , Hlawacek Gregor
Published: December 2023

The focused ion beam (FIB) is a powerful tool for fabrication, modification, and characterization of materials down to the nanoscale. Starting with the gallium FIB, which was originally intended for photomask repair in the semiconductor industry, there are now many different types of FIB that are commercially available. These instruments use a range of ion species and are applied broadly in materials science, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, and even archaeology. The goal of this roadmap is to provide an overview of FIB instrumentation, theory, techniques, and applications. By viewing FIB developments through the lens of various research communities, we aim to identify future pathways for ion source and instrumentation development, as well as emerging applications and opportunities for improved understanding of the complex interplay of ion–solid interactions. We intend to provide a guide for all scientists in the field that identifies common research interest and will support future fruitful interactions connecting tool development, experiment, and theory. While a comprehensive overview of the field is sought, it is not possible to cover all research related to FIB technologies in detail. We give examples of specific projects within the broader context, referencing original works and previous review articles throughout.
Real-time observation of polarization dependence of soft x-ray absorption spectrum during chemical reaction under near-ambient pressure conditions
Authors: Amemiya K. , Sakata K.
Published: December 2023

The real-time observation of the polarization dependence of soft x-ray absorption spectra during chemical reactions is realized by combining the fluorescence-yield wavelength-dispersive x-ray absorption spectroscopy technique with a 10 Hz switching between horizontal and vertical polarizations. The soft x-ray absorption spectra for both the horizontal and vertical polarizations are recorded every 100 ms with a time difference of 50 ms, which enables the real-time observation of changes in the anisotropic structure around the surface. The technique is applied to the oxidation reaction of a cobalt thin film under an air pressure of up to 25 Pa, and it is suggested that an anisotropic structure appears during the growth of the cobalt oxide species. By using the developed technique, it is expected that the changes in the anisotropic structures, such as molecular orientations, are observed during chemical reactions under near-ambient pressure conditions, which gives a deeper insight into the understanding of the reaction mechanism.
Data-driven insights into the fluorescence of asphaltene aggregates using extended Frenkel exciton model
Authors: Ren Fangning , Liu Fang
Published: December 2023

The origin of the fluorescence redshift during asphaltene aggregation remains debated due to the great diversity of asphaltene molecules, while the extended Frenkel exciton model provided a theoretical framework for studying multi-chromophore systems, such as asphaltene aggregates. We investigated the fluorescence energy of hundreds of asphaltene dimers based on 133 experimental revealed asphaltene monomer structures. Our result shows that the dimer's fluorescence energy is always lower than both of its monomers regardless of its intermolecular conformation, with its redshift dominated by superexchange. The dimer oscillator strength predominantly depends on the monomer with the lower fluorescence energy, and the involvement of charge-transfer states and the cancellation between monomer transition dipole moments suppressed the fluorescence especially when two monomers have similar fluorescence energy. The above-mentioned findings hold for all asphaltene dimers despite their diversity, which offers a theoretical interpretation for comprehending the relationship between asphaltene aggregation and its fluorescence variation. Furthermore, this work provides theoretical guidance to other research areas related to organic planar conjugated systems with multiple chromophores.
Vortex switching in epitaxial nanodot under uniform electric field: The effect of misfit strain
Authors: Feng Shilong , Yuan Shuai , Ma Wenbo , Ji Ye , Liu Yulan , Wang Biao
Published: December 2023

Epitaxial strain plays an extraordinary role in the formation, evolution, and phase transition of topological domain structures in nanoscale ferroelectrics. Unfortunately, how vortex switching reacts to misfit strain in epitaxial nanodots remains unclear. Based on phase-field simulations, the reversal of vortex chirality in an epitaxial triangular nanodot induced by a uniform electric field applied along various directions is systematically investigated as a function of misfit strain. The results indicate that three basic types of vortex switching exist in an epitaxial triangular nanodot: type I under compressive strain, type II under tensile strain, and a narrow transition type with the characteristics of types I and II. The results show that misfit strain plays a crucial role in determining the type of vortex switching. This work, thus, clarifies the role of misfit strain and could be conducive to facilitating the mechanical manipulation of ferroelectric nanoelectronic devices.
High-efficiency edge couplers enabled by vertically tapering on lithium-niobate photonic chips
Authors: Jia Di , Luo Qiang , Yang Chen , Ma Rui , Yu Xuanyi , Gao Feng , Yang Qifan , Bo Fang , Zhang Guoquan , Xu Jingjun
Published: December 2023

In the past decade, photonic integrated circuits (PICs) based on thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) have made substantial progress in various fields, including optical communication, nonlinear photonics, and quantum optics. A critical component is an efficient edge coupler facilitating the connection between PICs and light sources or detectors. Here, we propose an innovative edge coupler design with a wedge-shaped TFLN waveguide and a silicon oxynitride cladding. Experimental results show a low coupling loss between the TFLN PIC and a 3-μm mode field diameter (MFD) lensed fiber, measuring at 1.52 dB/facet, with theoretical potential for improvement to 0.43 dB/facet. Additionally, the coupling loss between the edge coupler and a UHNA7 fiber with an MFD of 3.2 μm is reduced to 0.92 dB/facet. This design exhibits robust fabrication and alignment tolerances. Notably, the minimum linewidth of the TFLN waveguide of the coupler (600 nm) can be readily achieved using commercially available i-line stepper lithography. This work benefits the development of TFLN integrated devices, such as on-chip electro-optic modulators, frequency combs, and lasers.
Intelligent leaching rare earth elements from waste fluorescent lamps
Authors: Niu Bo , E Shanshan , Wang Xiaomin , Xu Zhenming , Qin Yufei
Published: December 2023

Rare earth elements (REEs), one of the global key strategic resources, are widely applied in electronic information and national defense, etc. The sharply increasing demand for REEs leads to their overexploitation and environmental pollution. Recycling REEs from their second resources such as waste fluorescent lamps (WFLs) is a win–win strategy for REEs resource utilization and environmental production. Pyrometallurgy pretreatment combined with acid leaching is proven as an efficient approach to recycling REEs from WFLs. Unfortunately, due to the uncontrollable components of wastes, many trials were required to obtain the optimal parameters, leading to a high cost of recovery and new environmental risks. This study applied machine learning (ML) to build models for assisting the leaching of six REEs (Tb, Y, Eu, La, and Gd) from WFLs, only needing the measurement of particle size and composition of the waste feed. The feature importance analysis of 40 input features demonstrated that the particle size, Mg, Al, Fe, Sr, Ca, Ba, and Sb content in the waste feed, the pyrometallurgical and leaching parameters have important effects on REEs leaching. Furthermore, their influence rules on different REEs leaching were revealed. Finally, some verification experiments were also conducted to demonstrate the reliability and practicality of the model. This study can quickly get the optimal parameters and leaching efficiency for REEs without extensive optimization experiments, which significantly reduces the recovery cost and environmental risks. Our work carves a path for the intelligent recycling of strategic REEs from waste.
Rubidium isotopic compositions of angrites controlled by extensive evaporation and partial recondensation
Authors: Wang Baoliang , Moynier Frederic , Hu Yan
Published: December 2023

The planetesimals in the solar system exhibit varying degrees of moderately volatile elements (MVEs) depletion compared to the protosolar composition. Revealing the relevant mechanisms is crucial for exploring early solar system evolution. Most volatile-depleted materials in the solar system exhibit enrichments in the heavier isotopes of MVEs, which have traditionally been attributed to the loss of volatiles through partial evaporation. Angrites are so far an exception as they are enriched in the lighter isotopes of K. This has been interpreted as reflecting condensation processes. Here, we present Rb isotopic data of angrites and find that they have lighter Rb isotopic compositions than Vesta, Mars, and the Moon. The δ
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Rb value of the angrite parent body (APB) is estimated to range between −1.19‰ and −0.67‰. The extremely light Rb isotopic composition of the APB is likely a result of the kinetic recondensation of Rb after near-complete evaporation during the magma ocean stage. This finding provides further support for the partial recondensation model to explain the light Rb and K isotopic compositions of the APB. In addition, the APB, alongside other terrestrial planetary bodies (e.g., Earth, Mars, Moon, and Vesta), exhibit a strong correlation between their Rb and K isotopic compositions. This coupling of Rb and K isotopes is indicative of a volatility-driven isotopic fractionation rather than nucleosynthetic anomalies. The extremely light Rb-K isotopic signatures of the APB suggest that beyond evaporation, condensation plays an equally significant role in shaping the planetary-scale distributions of volatile elements.