bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polyurethane/polyurethane nanoparticle‐modified expanded poly(tetrafluoroethylene) vascular patches promote endothelialization
Authors: Zhang Jun , Wang Yutong , Liu Cheng , Feng Fuling , Wang Dawei , Mo Hong , Si Ling , Wei Guo , Shen Jian
Published: April 2018

Expanded poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (ePTFE) has been widely used as a vascular graft material due to the fact that it is durable, porous, flexible, and inert. However, ePTFE grafts easily induce thrombosis, calcification and neointimal hyperplasia in small‐diameter (<6 mm) graft bypass surgeries and thus cause surgical failure. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the in vitro and in vivo performances of ePTFE grafts. In this work, we first prepared a polyurethane/polyurethane nanoparticles (PU/PU‐NPs) composite film by a simple cosedimentation method. Compared with the pure PU film, the blood compatibility and the cell compatibility of the PU/PU‐NPs composite film were significantly improved. Then, we constructed a PU/PU‐NPs/ePTFE vascular patch (PPVP) by coating PU and PU‐NPs onto the surface of an ePTFE graft. PU‐NP modification endowed the ePTFE graft with the nanopatterned surface similar to the luminal surface of a blood vessel. PU NPs and the structural likeness of the surface synergistically optimized the overall performance, and thus improved the blood and cell compatibilities, effectively inhibited platelet adhesion, enhanced cell attachment and proliferation, and facilitated the formation of endothelial tissue—endothelialization. The abdominal artery patched with PPVP was not blocked and the endothelialization was achieved 30 days after the implantation. All the results taken together indicate that PPVP may be a promising alternative for a vascular patch. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2131‐2140, 2018.
Optimization of PLGA formulation containing protein or peptide‐based antigen: Recent advances
Authors: Hajavi Jafar , Ebrahimian Mahboubeh , Sankian Mojtaba , Khakzad Mohammad Reza , Hashemi Maryam
Published: April 2018

Protein or peptide‐based antigens are the most promising forms to generate custom protective immune responses for clinical applications. Over the last decades, poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) as a biodegradable polymer has gained more attention for delivery of protein and peptide. Besides many appropriate characteristics, to improve its properties to overcome some obstacles such as release profile and it is important instability of antigen during both encapsulation and storage. Therefore, optimized procedures conditions require to be used to maintain the integrity of protein structure under several stress factors in formulation process. In this review article, the properties of PLGA particles, their preparation techniques and strategies for improvement of protein stability during encapsulation into PLGA, release from particle and storage as well as stabilization approaches were summarized. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A: 106A: 2540–2551, 2018
From Slum Tourism to Smiley Selfies: The Role of Social Identity Strength in the Consumption of Morally Ambiguous Experiences
Authors: Von Schuckmann Julia , Barros Lucia S. G. , Dias Rodrigo S. , Andrade Eduardo B.
Published: April 2018

Why do some consumers find a consumption activity appealing while others see it as morally appalling? A series of five experiments in two different morally ambiguous contexts shows that differences in social identity strength can in part explain discrepant reactions to the very same consumption experience. Consumers who identify weakly (vs. strongly) with the people most related to the consumption environment are less likely to question the experience on moral grounds. As a result, they are more likely to choose a morally ambiguous consumption experience or to act in a morally ambiguous manner. The impact of social identity strength on consumer preference vanishes when the consumption experience is morally neutral or when all consumers are prompted to judge the experience on moral grounds. Statistical analyses based on post hoc justifications provide further evidence for the mediating role of moral considerations.
Successive ethanol–water fractionation of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin to concentrate its antimicrobial activity
Authors: Wang Guanhua , Xia Yue , Liang Benke , Sui Wenjie , Si Chuanling
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND

With the emergence of lignocellulose refining, there is an increasing interest in exploring the valuable applications for lignin due to its abundant and underused features. Originating from the physiological function of lignin in plants, this work attempted to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL) from a bioethanol‐derived biorefinery.

RESULTS

Successive ethanol–water dissolution was employed to fractionate EHL and the antimicrobial activities of three obtained lignin fractions (F1, F2 and F3) were compared by the agar diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays. Interestingly, the results showed that the antimicrobial activities of EHL were centralized in F1 which exhibited obviously growth inhibitory effects against two Gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and two Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica) bacteria with MICs of 1, 2, 2 and 2 mg mL−1, respectively. The further characterization suggested that the better solubility and higher phenolic hydroxyl content of F1 caused by lower molecular weight were possibly responsible for the improvement of antimicrobial performance.

CONCLUSIONS

Consequently, this work suggested that successive ethanol–water fractionation was an effective way to enhance the antimicrobial activity of EHL. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Adsorption of Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1 to the electrode material activated carbon fabric
Authors: Mayer Florian , Stöckl Markus , Krieg Thomas , Mangold Klaus‐Michael , Holtmann Dirk
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND

Electroactive microorganisms generate current in microbial fuel cells by oxidizing organic compounds and transferring the electrons to an anode. Thereby the adsorption of cells to the electrode is the first step in the process of biofilm formation.

RESULTS

A comparison of different electrode materials showed that activated carbon fabric has the best cell adsorption properties for the simple and strong attachment of Shewanella oneidensis cells to the electrode material under aerobic and non‐electrochemical conditions. A preadsorbed anode (20 cm2) contained 18 mg of cell biomass (OD600 = 0.3) and reached a current density of 4.25 μA cm−2. Under anaerobic conditions the adsorption to the activated carbon fabric was much less, however the current density was with 6.5 μA cm−2 (OD600 = 0.3) and 7.75 μA cm−2 (OD600 = 0.9) higher as under aerobic adsorption conditions.

CONCLUSION

Activated carbon fabric is, due to its cell adsorption property and electrical conductivity, good for MFC applications. The material allows cell reproduction directly on the anode which is important for single‐ or multi‐layer biofilm formation. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
A framework for operationalizing risk: A practical approach to patient safety
Authors: Mathews Simon C. , Sutcliffe Kathleen M. , Garrett Margaret R. , Pronovost Peter J. , Paine Lori
Published: April 2018

The importance of patient safety has grown tremendously; however, there are insufficient resources dedicated to its practical application. We provide an overview of the framework for addressing patient safety within the Johns Hopkins Health System, which approaches patient safety in the context of risk at the patient, provider, unit, and system levels. We present practical examples of how this approach is applied and highlight the resources needed as well as describe how it fits within the broader quality management infrastructure in the health system on its journey toward high reliability.
Hep‐CORE: a cross‐sectional study of the viral hepatitis policy environment reported by patient groups in 25 European countries in 2016 and 2017
Authors: Lazarus Jeffrey V , Stumo Samya R , Harris Magdalena , Hendrickx Greet , Hetherington Kristina L , Maticic Mojca , Jauffret‐Roustide Marie , Tallada Joan , Simojoki Kaarlo , Reic Tatjana , Safreed‐Harmon Kelly ,   the Hep‐CORE Study Group
Published: April 2018

Introduction

The first World Health Organization (WHO) global health sector strategy on hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV) has called for the elimination of viral hepatitis as a major public health threat by 2030. This study assesses policies and programmes in support of elimination efforts as reported by patient groups in Europe.

Methods

In 2016 and 2017, hepatitis patient groups in 25 European countries participated in a cross‐sectional survey about their countries’ policy responses to HBV and HCV. The English‐language survey addressed overall national response; public awareness/engagement; disease monitoring; prevention; testing/diagnosis; clinical assessment; and treatment. We performed a descriptive analysis of data and compared 2016 and 2017 findings.

Results

In 2017, 72% and 52% of the 25 European study countries were reported to not have national HBV and HCV strategies respectively. The number of respondents indicating that their governments collaborated with civil society on viral hepatitis control increased from 13 in 2016 to 18 in 2017. In both 2016 and 2017, patient groups reported that 9 countries (36%) have disease registers for HBV and 11 (44%) have disease registers for HCV. The number of countries reported to have needle and syringe exchange programmes available in all parts of the country dropped from 10 (40%) in 2016 to 8 in 2017 (32%). In both 2016 and 2017, patient groups in 5 countries (20%) reported that HCV treatment is available in non‐hospital settings. From 2016 to 2017, the reported number of countries with no restrictions on access to direct‐acting antivirals for HCV increased from 3 (12%) to 7 (28%), and 5 fewer countries were reported to refuse treatment to people who are currently injecting drugs.

Conclusions

The patient‐led Hep‐CORE study offers a unique perspective on the readiness of study countries to undertake comprehensive viral hepatitis elimination efforts. Viral hepatitis monitoring should be expanded to address policy issues more comprehensively and to incorporate civil society perspectives, as is the case with global HIV monitoring. Policy components should also be explicitly added to the WHO framework for monitoring country‐level progress against viral hepatitis.
African American College Students, the Black Church, and Counseling
Authors: Avent Harris Janeé R. , Wong Christine D.
Published: April 2018

African American undergraduate students face numerous challenges during college; however, they are less likely to seek help from college counseling services. Often, African Americans seek support from spiritual resources. In the current phenomenological study, participants shared in a focus group interview. Overall, participants seemed to value the Black Church as an integral part of their lives and as an influence on their perceptions of counseling and proclivity to seek counseling services.
A Humanistic Framework Using Nonlinear Analysis to Evaluate the Working Alliance and Coping for Adolescents in Crisis
Authors: BALKIN RICHARD S. , SCHMIT ERIKA L.
Published: April 2018

The exploration of nonlinear relationships in counseling offers the opportunity to explore associations among variables from a humanistic perspective. Data on 75 adolescents admitted to crisis residence demonstrate the nonlinear association between the working alliance and therapeutic goal attainment. Implications of this research are addressed.
Medical Trauma: Assessing Trauma and Growth Following an HIV Diagnosis
Authors: ZELIGMAN MELISSA
Published: April 2018

This study investigated the traumatic impact of receiving an HIV diagnosis, as well as the potential for posttraumatic growth (PTG) following diagnosis. Both trauma symptomatology and PTG were present among participants in the sample (N = 126). The author addresses the clinical implications of these findings through a humanistic lens.
The Relationship Between State Mindfulness and Working Alliance Among Counselors‐in‐Training
Authors: JOHNSON DAVID A.
Published: April 2018

The author used structural equation modeling to estimate the relationship between the working alliance and state mindfulness while controlling for dispositional mindfulness and empathy in 200 counselors‐in‐training (CITs). Results indicated a moderate to large relationship between working alliance and mindful state. The author discusses the distinction between state and dispositional mindfulness, suggests directions for future research, and offers strategies for enhancing state mindfulness among CITs.
Understanding Humanistic and Family Predictors of Mexican American College Students’ Subjective Happiness
Authors: VELA JAVIER CAVAZOS , SMITH WAYNE D. , GUERRA FEDERICO , HINOJOSA KARINA , DELL' AQUILA JULIA , ORTEGA KRYSTLE
Published: April 2018

Mexican American college students (N = 127) provided perceptions of presence of meaning in life, search for meaning in life, self‐efficacy, hope, family importance, and subjective happiness. Presence of meaning in life and family importance were significant predictors of subjective happiness. The authors discuss the importance of these findings and the implications for humanistic counselors and counselor educators.
Determinants of growth rates and mass of Canada geese goslings
Authors: Conover Michael R. , Frank Maureen G.
Published: April 2018

Fledgling mass is an important determinant of first‐year survival and recruitment into the breeding population for many Arctic‐nesting goose species. In turn, fledgling mass of these geese is influenced by hatch date and forage quality and quantity in the brood‐rearing area. Less is known about the determinants of growth rates and fledgling mass in temperate‐nesting geese. For 25 years, we examined near‐fledging mass, hatch dates, and growth rates of Canada geese (Branta canadensis) nesting in Connecticut, USA by tracking individually marked geese that wore neck collars or large plastic leg bands. Fledgling mass was influenced by sex (males were heavier), gosling age when weighed, and family type (fledglings raised in 2‐parent families were heavier than those raised in gang broods). Paternal nesting experience (years of prior nesting) influenced fledgling mass, probably because goslings with experienced fathers hatched earlier than goslings with inexperienced fathers. Among fledglings raised in gang broods, fledgling mass was positively correlated with the number of parents attending the brood and negatively correlated with the number of goslings within the brood. Gosling growth rates (daily gain in mass) were higher for males than females; goslings in 2‐parent families grew 2 g/day faster than those in gang broods. Late‐hatched goslings grew faster than goslings that hatched earlier. In gang broods, growth rates were positively correlated with the ratio of parents to goslings. Assessing goose sex ratios, Julian hatching dates, family types, and brood sizes will allow waterfowl managers in temperate regions to refine their goose population models. This, in turn, will allow waterfowl managers to determine more accurately what proportion of the populations can be safely harvested or how best to manage nuisance goose populations. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
The application of civic technologies in a field survey of landslides
Authors: Chudý František , Slámová Martina , Tomaštík Julián , Tunák Daniel , Kardoš Miroslav , Saloň Šimon
Published: April 2018

Slope failures are financially devastating natural hazards that contribute to land degradation in many areas throughout the world. The adaptation of civic technologies (Google Tango) in a field survey of landslides was examined. Data acquired from different resources and processed using different technologies were merged into a single model to concurrently demonstrate the interoperability and scalability of these data and the model quality. Reference control points were established using a survey‐grade Topcon Hiper SK global navigation satellite system receiver and a Topcon GPT 9003 M total station. An aerial survey was performed in an area of approximately 30,000 m2 using airborne laser scanning (9 points/m2) and aerial photogrammetry using a remotely piloted aircraft system (500 points/m2). The models suffered from data gaps in less visible areas, and micro‐scale landforms reflecting landslide activity were poorly visible. The missing details were supplied using data obtained from close‐range photogrammetry (9,132 m2; 92,300 points/m2) and a Lenovo Phab 2 Pro running Google Tango, which acquired detailed point clouds in near real‐time conditions (1,847 m2; 109,000 points/m2). Scans using the phablet provided point clouds with homogeneously dispersed data gaps, but the spatial accuracy was lower. However, the ergonomics of its field use and its low cost made it competitive with other technologies. The results confirmed that models based on point clouds acquired using different technologies allow the identification and measurement of micro‐scale landforms that may indicate landslide activity.
Effect of lead, cadmium, and mercury co‐contaminants on biodegradation in PAH‐polluted soils
Authors: Deary Michael E. , Ekumankama Chinedu C. , Cummings Stephen P.
Published: April 2018

Contamination of land by persistent organic pollutants has significant implications for human health and for future development potential. Bioremediation is an effective method for reducing the concentrations of such contaminants to below harmful levels, but the presence of co‐contaminants may hinder this process. Here, we present the results of a 40‐week microcosm study in which the biodegradation of 16 United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; total: 2,166 mg kg−1) was followed in the presence of 3 different concentrations of cadmium (up to 620 mg kg−1) and lead (up to 782 mg kg−1) in a high organic matter soil. In the absence of metal treatment, 82% of PAHs were removed during the study period. Lead exerts a greater negative effect on total PAH removal than cadmium at low concentrations (approximately 100 mg kg−1) whilst cadmium exerts the greatest effect at higher concentrations (up to −27.7% reduction). Mercury, intended as the abiotic control (approximately 1,150 mg kg−1), exerts the greatest effect overall (−37%). Principal Component Analysis showed that PAH degradation was strongly associated with soil respiration rate, biomass content, and Ecoplate Average Well Colour Development. During the initial phase of the experiment, reduced microbial diversity was associated with increased PAH removal, consistent with literature observations for other organic contaminants, though this association was reversed after Week 12. Degradation of higher molecular weight PAHs showed the greatest sensitivity to the health of the microbial community. The effect of metal treatments on biotic parameters in microcosms without PAH amendment is also presented.
Growth Response of Juvenile Bluegills when Fed at Different Frequency and Delivery Methods
Authors: Zhang Yongfang , Dudenhoeffer Gregory A , Omara-Alwala Thomas R , Edwards Tyler , Wetzel James E
Published: April 2018

Bluegills Lepomis macrochirus (mean weight ± SE = 1.43 ± 0.01 g) within an indoor recirculating aquaculture system were fed a commercial feed 6 d/week by one of the following seven feeding regimes: hand fed once at 1200 hours (HF1); hand fed twice at 0800 and 1600 hours (HF2); hand fed three times at 0800, 1200, and 1600 hours (HF3); hand fed four times at 0800, 1040, 1320, and 1600 hours (HF4S); hand fed four times at 0800, 1200, 1600, and 2000 hours (HF4L); fed with a 12-h belt feeder (BF12); and fed with a 24-h belt feeder (BF24). After 8 weeks of feeding, Bluegill final weight, percent weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), and feed intake increased significantly with increased hand-feeding frequency. No significant differences occurred in growth and feed utilization between the two belt-feeding regimes, and those fish had similar growth and feed utilization as the fish in HF2. Bluegills in HF4S and HF4L had significantly higher final weight, percent weight gain, SGR, and feed intake than all other treatments. Survival exceeded 96% for all treatments. This study suggests that during a 12-h feeding regime, four feedings evenly spaced support optimal growth of juvenile Bluegills when water temperature is maintained at 25°C.
Quantitative Evaluation of Paddlefish Sport Fisheries in Missouri's Large Reservoirs: Implications for the Management of Trophy Sport Fisheries
Authors: Hupfeld Ryan N. , Phelps Quinton E. , Tripp Sara J. , Herzog David P.
Published: April 2018

Lake of the Ozarks, Harry S. Truman Reservoir, and Table Rock Lake in Missouri contain important recreational fisheries for trophy Paddlefish Polyodon spathula. These three reservoirs were created by damming major rivers. Because of river modifications, Paddlefish natural reproduction is thought to be limited; subsequently, populations have been maintained through supplementation and harvest regulations. However, these fisheries have not been thoroughly assessed, and the applicability of management actions (e.g., supplementation and minimum length limits) has not been fully evaluated. Population simulations indicated that changes in the amount of trophy-sized Paddlefish and broodstock remaining were similar among the three reservoirs, with larger minimum length limits resulting in a greater proportion of mature and trophy-sized individuals. However, the number of Paddlefish that could be harvested at Harry S. Truman Reservoir and Lake of the Ozarks was much greater than at Table Rock Lake. These disparities are likely attributable to the amount of supplementation occurring at each reservoir. Based on unmarked fish from each reservoir, the percentage of sampled fish that were considered wild suggested that natural reproduction is occurring in Lake of the Ozarks (51.5%), Harry S. Truman Reservoir (83.9%), and Table Rock Lake (13.7%). Considering the Missouri Department of Conservation's desired management goals for maintaining trophy fisheries, a minimum length limit of at least 864 mm is suggested. If supplementation, natural reproduction, and harvest regulations are inadequate, reductions in Paddlefish abundance, size structure, harvest, and popularity could occur. One motivator for anglers to participate in trophy fisheries is the opportunity to catch a rare, unique, and large fish. Declines in a trophy fishery could cause economic losses to local areas and state agencies; thus, having an adaptive management plan in place to manage trophy fisheries is imperative.
Strong Hearts, Healthy Communities: A Community‐Based Randomized Trial for Rural Women
Authors: Seguin Rebecca A. , Paul Lynn , Folta Sara C. , Nelson Miriam E. , Strogatz David , Graham Meredith L. , Diffenderfer Anna , Eldridge Galen , Parry Stephen A.
Published: April 2018

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate a multilevel cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention program for rural women.

Methods

This 6‐month, community‐based, randomized trial enrolled 194 sedentary rural women aged 40 or older with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Intervention participants attended 6 months of twice‐weekly exercise, nutrition, and heart health classes (48 total) that included individual‐, social‐, and environment‐level components. An education‐only control program included didactic healthy lifestyle classes once a month (six total). The primary outcome measures were change in BMI and weight.

Results

Within‐group and between‐group multivariate analyses revealed that only intervention participants decreased BMI (−0.85 units; 95% CI: −1.32 to −0.39; P = 0.001) and weight (−2.24 kg; 95% CI: −3.49 to −0.99; P = 0.002). Compared with controls, intervention participants decreased BMI (difference: −0.71 units; 95% CI: −1.35 to −0.08; P = 0.03) and weight (1.85 kg; 95% CI: −3.55 to −0.16; P = 0.03) and improved C‐reactive protein (difference: −1.15 mg/L; 95% CI: −2.16 to −0.15; P = 0.03) and Simple 7, a composite CVD risk score (difference: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.14 to 1.21; P = 0.01). Cholesterol decreased among controls but increased in the intervention group (−7.85 vs. 3.92 mg/dL; difference: 11.77; 95% CI: 0.57 to 22.96; P = 0.04).

Conclusions

The multilevel intervention demonstrated modest but superior and meaningful improvements in BMI and other CVD risk factors compared with the control program.
Anti‐bacterial poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposite hydrogels reinforced within situsynthesized silver nanoparticles
Authors: Golabdar Atena , Adelnia Hossein , Moshtzan Nooshafarin , Nasrollah Gavgani Jaber , Izadi‐Vasafi Hossein
Published: April 2018

This work describes fabrication and properties of anti‐bacterial poly(vinyl alcohol)/silver nanoparticles (PVA/AgNPs) nanocomposite hydrogels prepared via cyclic freeze‐thaw. The AgNPs, at different concentrations, were synthesizedin situin PVA solution, without employing either capping or reducing agent. Stable AgNPs with the average diameter of 16 nm uniformly dispersed in PVA was obtained. The presence of 2 wt% of AgNPs enhanced tensile strength and elongation at break by 40 and 31%, respectively due to extended network formation between AgNPs and PVA. AgNPs also provided the hydrogels with anti‐bacterial capability, while did not change water uptake markedly. Furthermore, the electrical conductivity of 1.5105S cm−1was achieved by the addition of as low as 2 wt% of AgNPs. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:1322–1328, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
Polyvinyl alcohol: A review of research status and use of polyvinyl alcohol based nanocomposites
Authors: Aslam Muhammad , Kalyar Mazhar Ali , Raza Zulfiqar Ali
Published: April 2018

This review presents the nature, fundamental structure, and various morphologies of native poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix. It highlights recent advances in pure PVA and its composites containing various nanofillers that have potential applications in various fields. Over half a century, PVA is known as an auspicious material for diverse applications. The review focuses on the structural, mechanical, optical, and electrical properties of PVA‐based nanocomposites. The study highlights a new promising area of optoelectronics for possible applications of PVA nanocomposites. The challenges and opportunities in working with various PVA nanocomposites are discussed along with some future recommendations are presented to strengthen this area of research. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:2119–2132, 2018. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
Area precipitation probabilities derived from point forecasts for operational weather and warning service applications
Authors: Hess Reinhold , Kriesche Bjoern , Schaumann Peter , Reichert Bernhard K. , Schmidt Volker
Published: April 2018

Probabilistic precipitation forecasts from numerical models are often calibrated using synoptic observations. The resulting probabilities of precipitation refer to the observation system and thus provide the likelihood that precipitation occurs exactly at the spot of the rain gauge. When probabilistic forecasts are required for larger areas, such as rural districts or catchment areas of rivers, it is not possible to interpolate the point probabilities. Instead area probabilities e.g. increase with the size of the area. In this paper we describe a general method to derive area probabilities from point forecasts based on models and methods of stochastic geometry. The method can be applied over arbitrary areas and can be used for operational applications, since it runs fully automatically without human interaction. The basic idea is to model precipitation patterns by circular precipitation cells using a germ–grain model driven by a spatial Poisson point process in a way that the point forecasts are fitted. Area probabilities can then be estimated statistically as relative frequencies based on repeated Monte Carlo simulations. As the area probabilities significantly depend on the sizes of the modelled precipitation cells, suitable cell radii are estimated based on the spatial correlation structure of given point probabilities. Verification with independent radar precipitation and comparison with area probabilities derived from the raw ensemble system COSMO‐DE‐EPS of DWD is provided and reveals essential advantages of the stochastic model in terms of bias and Brier skill score.
Meiotic spindle size is a strong indicator of human oocyte quality
Authors: Tomari Hiroyuki , Honjo Ko , Kunitake Katsuko , Aramaki Natsumi , Kuhara Saori , Hidaka Naomi , Nishimura Kayoko , Nagata Yumi , Horiuchi Toshitaka
Published: April 2018

Purpose

To investigate the relationship between the meiotic spindle size in human metaphase II oocytes and embryo developmental potential after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).

Methods

Analyzed were 1302 oocytes with a visible meiotic spindle from 281 patients aged under 40 years undergoing ICSI cycles. The meiotic spindle was imaged by using PolScope before ICSI. The oocytes were classified into three groups, according to spindle size: group A (<90 μm2), group B (90‐120 μm2), and group C (>120 μm2).

Results

Overall, 389 (29.9%) oocytes were classified into group A, 662 (50.8%) into group B, and 251 (19.3%) into group C. The fertilization rate of the group B oocytes was significantly higher than for the A and C oocytes. The blastocyst formation rate in group B was significantly higher than in group A. In addition, the pregnancy rate in group B was significantly higher than in the other two groups.

Conclusion

The oocytes with a spindle size of 90‐120 μm2 showed higher fertilization, blastocyst formation, and clinical pregnancy rates than those with larger or smaller spindles. The measurement of the meiotic spindle size thus has a positive predictive value for identifying human embryo developmental potential clinically.
Lightweight ceiling system made of carbon reinforced concrete
Authors: May Sebastian , Michler Harald , Schladitz Frank , Curbach Manfred
Published: April 2018

At the Institute of Concrete Structures, Technische Universität Dresden, a new precast ceiling system comprised of an arch and a beam at each longitudinal edge was investigated. The innovative composite material carbon reinforced concrete allows thereby a fresh way of thinking for civil engineering with lightweight constructions but still high bearing capacity. This variation of a beam has only straight rebars as main reinforcement. Four prototypes with a length of 4.50 m were produced and tested at Otto–Mohr‐Laboratory of TU Dresden. Except of the supports, the structure has a thickness between 40 and 45 mm, so a reduction of the dead load up to 70.0% compared to a usual rectangular cross section made of common steel reinforcement and the same concrete could be achieved. The experimental ultimate loads of the first three tested elements were thereby higher than the calculated ultimate load of the common reinforced concrete structure.
Power loss estimation for three‐port DC/DC converter for 12‐V/48‐V dual‐voltage hybrid electric vehicle subsystem
Authors: Itoh Kenichi , Inoue Shuntaro , Ishigaki Masanori , Sugiyama Takahide , Umeno Takaji
Published: April 2018

The 12‐V/48‐V dual‐voltage subsystem using a three‐port DC/DC converter is proposed for hybrid electric vehicles. The new subsystem design can reduce the number of circuit components and volume by using the three‐port DC/DC converter, which integrates a dual active bridge and a multiphase DC/DC converter. The total losses are also expected to decrease as two‐circuit topologies share the components and their losses. In order to clarify the advantage of conversion efficiency, this study developed a loss estimation technique for the three‐port DC/DC converter, and the total losses are compared with that of conventional converters. A geometrical loss calculation as a function of both 12‐V and 48‐V load is proposed, and the soft switching condition is also studied. A 1.0‐kW, 50‐kHz prototype converter was constructed, and power losses were measured to verify the accuracy of the loss estimation technique. The measured and calculated efficiencies show very good agreement, and the prototype achieves high efficiency of more than 92% over a wide output power for 12‐V, with a maximum efficiency of 94.1%. The calculation results show smaller losses of the three‐port converter in all output power ranges of 12‐V than that of conventional converters. The proposed 12‐V/48‐V subsystem using the three‐port DC/DC converter has attempted to realize compact, lower‐cost, and higher fuel efficiency. Finally, efficiency improvement is also estimated using GaN FET to identify the compassable higher efficiency. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analyzing the maximum output of residential PV in low‐voltage distribution networks considering voltage‐dependent loads
Authors: Sugihara Hideharu , Funaki Tsuyoshi
Published: April 2018

Voltage rise is a significant problem in low‐voltage distribution networks where individual load characteristics might arise easily. In this paper, we develop a method for evaluating the maximum output of a photovoltaic (PV) system by considering voltage‐dependent loads in residential low‐voltage distribution networks. The influence of voltage‐dependent load on the maximum PV output is examined. Furthermore, the impact of electric vehicle charging load on the maximum PV output is analyzed by taking into account its voltage‐dependent characteristics. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Re: First‐trimester risk assessment based on ultrasound and cell‐free DNA vs combined screening: a randomized controlled trial. K. O. Kagan, R. Sroka, J. Sonek, H. Abele, K. Lüthgens, M. Schmid, P. Wagner, S. Brucker, D. Wallwiener and M. Hoopmann. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2018; 51: 437–444.
Authors: Hui L.
Published: April 2018

Linked Comment: Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2018; 51: 437–444
Penile Prosthesis Implantation in Patients With Peyronie's Disease: Results of the PROPPER Study Demonstrates a Decrease in Patient-Reported Depression
Authors: Khera Mohit , Bella Anthony , Karpman Edward , Brant William , Christine Brian , Kansas Bryan , Jones LeRoy , Kohler Tobias , Bennett Nelson , Rhee Eugene , Henry Gerard
Published: April 2018

Background

Although there is a strong correlation between erectile dysfunction and Peyronie's disease (PD), there are limited data on the efficacy and satisfaction of inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) placement in this population.

Aim

To assess the efficacy and overall satisfaction of IPP placement in men with erectile dysfunction and concomitant PD using the Prospective Registry of Outcomes with Penile Prosthesis for Erectile Restoration (PROPPER).

Methods

Data from the PROPPER study were examined to determine patient baseline characteristics and primary and secondary etiologies before IPP treatment and included type and size of implant received, presence of corporal fibrosis, and operative time. Men completed 5 validated questionnaires at baseline and annually out to 5 years.

Outcomes

IPP placement was performed in 250 patients with PD with comparable surgical times and outcomes as in patients without PD.

Results

1,180 men underwent IPP insertion at 11 sites; of these, 250 (21.2%) were diagnosed with PD. This is an ongoing study; 1- and 2-year data are available for 177 (70.8%) and 130 (52.0%) patients, respectively. Intraoperatively, 51.2% patients with PD had corporal fibrosis, with an average operative time of 52.8 minutes. At baseline, 19.3% of men (36 of 187) with PD reported being depressed, with a decrease to 10.5% (6 of 57; P = .02) and 10.9% (5 of 46; P = .07) at 1- and 2-year follow-ups, respectively. More than 80% of patients with PD were satisfied or very satisfied at 1- and 2-year follow-ups. In addition, more than 88% of patients with PD were using their device at the 1- and 2-year follow-up visits.

Clinical Implications

Patients with concomitant PD and erectile dysfunction can safely and effectively have an IPP placed with similar outcomes as patients without PD.

Strengths and Limitations

The 1st limitation was that all participating prosthetic urologists were high-volume implanters and these results might not be representative of those of general urologists. A 2nd limitation was that none of the patients were randomized. A 3rd limitation was that although most study points were mandatory, some of the data collection, including depression data, was optional, with not all sites participating. A 4th limitation was that depression data were self-reported.

Conclusion

IPP can be inserted in patients with PD with acceptable patient satisfaction and usage and depressive symptoms appear to lessen in patients with PD after IPP placement.
DIVERSITY-DISTURBANCE RELATIONSHIPS IN THE LATE ARCHAIC SOUTHWEST: IMPLICATIONS FOR FARMER-FORAGER FOODWAYS – ADDENDUM
Authors: Sinensky R. J. , Farahani Alan
Published: April 2018

The originally published version of this article (Sinensky and Farahani, 2018) did not include one of the online supplemental files, Supplemental Text 1. R markdown document. This file has now been added to the online supplemental material for this article.
THE MYTHS AND REALITIES OF BAYESIAN CHRONOLOGICAL MODELING REVEALED – ERRATUM
Authors: Hamilton W. Derek , Krus Anthony M.
Published: April 2018

The originally published version of this article (Hamilton and Krus, 2017) listed the incorrect article type. The correct article type for this article is “Forum.”
Faculty mentorship during residency and professional development among practising emergency physicians
Authors: Fernando Shannon M. , Cheung Warren J. , Choi Stephen B. , Thurgur Lisa , Frank Jason R.
Published: April 2018

CLINICIAN’S CAPSULE

What is known about the topic?

Mentorship is perceived to be an important component of residency education; however, evidence on its influence in emergency medicine is lacking.

What did this study ask?

We surveyed emergency physicians in Canada to identify the association between mentorship during residency and professional development and attitudes regarding mentorship.

What did this study find?

While many participants consulted their mentor regarding their first job, fewer contacted their mentor regarding subspecialty training or research.

Why does this study matter to clinicians?

Mentorship during residency may have a greater association with the location of practice than with academic scholarship or subspecialty training.
Two special subgroups of the universal sofic group
Authors: CAVALERI MATTEO , MUNTEANU RADU B. , PĂUNESCU LIVIU
Published: April 2018

We define a subgroup of the universal sofic group, obtained as the normalizer of a separable abelian subalgebra. This subgroup can be obtained as an extension by the group of automorphisms on a standard probability space. We show that each sofic representation can be conjugated inside this subgroup.
Spectral signatures of submicron scale light-absorbing impurities in snow and ice using hyperspectral microscopy
Authors: DAL FARRA ANNA , KASPARI SUSAN , BEACH JAMES , BUCHELI THOMAS D. , SCHAEPMAN MICHAEL , SCHWIKOWSKI MARGIT
Published: April 2018

Light-absorbing impurities (LAI) can darken snow and ice surfaces, reduce snow/ice albedo and accelerate melt. Efforts to allocate the relative contribution of different LAI to snow/ice albedo reductions have been limited by uncertainties in the optical properties of LAI. We developed a new method to measure LAI spectral reflectance at the submicron scale by modifying a Hyperspectral Imaging Microscope Spectrometer (HIMS). We present the instrument's internal calibration, and the overall small influence of a particle's orientation on its measured reflectance spectrum. We validated this new method through the comparison with a field spectroradiometer by measuring different standard materials. Measurements with HIMS at the submicron scale and the bulk measurements of the same standard materials with the field spectroradiometer are in good agreement with an average deviation between the spectra of 3.2% for the 400–1000 nm wavelength range. The new method was used (1) to identify BC (black carbon), mineral dust including hematite and the humic substances present in an environmental sample from Plaine Morte glacier and (2) to collect the individual reflectance spectra of each of these types of impurity. The results indicate that this method is applicable to heterogeneous samples such as the LAI found in snow and ice.
Rational Cup Product and Algebraic K0-Groups of Rings of Continuous Functions
Authors: Kihara Hiroshi , Oda Nobuyuki
Published: April 2018

A connected space is called a C0-space if its rational cup product is trivial. A characterizing property of C0-spaces is obtained. This property is used to calculate the algebraic K0-group K0(C𝔽(X)) of the ring of continuous functions for infinite-dimensional complexes X.
Effect of balanced fertilizers on soil quality and lentil yield in Gangetic alluvial soils of India
Authors: Singh S. R. , Kundu D. K. , Dey P. , Singh Pushpa , Mahapatra B. S.
Published: April 2018

Declining pulse production has caused wide concern in recent years. A field experiment was conducted to investigate effects of balance fertilizers based on soil test values and targeted yield equations on soil biological activities, soil quality, nutrient acquisition and grain yield of lentil. Treatments included the use of farmyard manure (FYM), bio-inoculants and inorganic fertilizers at different rates and combinations. The results revealed significant improvement in nodulation, microbial counts, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), soil respiration, soil enzymes and soil organic carbon (SOC) with integrated approaches (i.e. fertilizer plus FYM or bio-inoculants); these improvements led to achievement of the specific target yield of 1.50 t/ha. Although the highest yield was achieved with fertilizers applied for a target yield of 2.0 t/ha, there was significant decline in nodulation, microbial counts, MBC, soil respiration, soil enzymes, SOC and soil quality. Correlation between soil quality index (SQI) and grain yield suggested a significant influence of balanced fertilization based on soil tests and target yield. Principal component analysis revealed the average contribution of soil quality indicators towards SQI was in descending order of SOC > acid phosphatase activity > total culturable fungi > available phosphorus > BMC, which are crucial for sustainable lentil production in alluvial soils.
How sequential reduction of terminal electron acceptors modulates nitrification and dynamics of nitrifying bacteria and archaea in a tropical vertisol
Authors: Mohanty Santosh Ranjan , Yadav Rakhi , Dubey Garima , Ahirwar Usha , Ahirwar Neha , Aparna K. , Rao D. L. N. , Kollah Bharati
Published: April 2018

Nitrification potential of a tropical vertisol saturated with water was estimated during sequential reduction of nitrate (NO3−), ferric iron (Fe3+), sulphate (SO42−) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in terminal electron-accepting processes (TEAPs). In general, the TEAPs enhanced potential nitrification rate (PNR) of the soil. Nitrification was highest at Fe3+reduction followed by SO42−reduction, NO3−reduction and lowest in unreduced control soil. Predicted PNR correlated significantly with the observed PNR. Electron donor Fe2+stimulated PNR, while S2−inhibited it significantly. Terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism targeting theamoAgene of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) highlighted population dynamics during the sequential reduction of terminal electron acceptors. Only the relative abundance of AOA varied significantly during the course of soil reduction. Relative abundance of AOB correlated with NO3−and Fe2+. Linear regression models predicted PNR from the values of NO3−, Fe2+and relative abundance of AOA. Principal component analysis of PNR during different reducing conditions explained 72.90% variance by PC1 and 19.52% variance by PC2. Results revealed that AOA might have a significant role in nitrification during reducing conditions in the tropical flooded ecosystem of a vertisol.
Brategg: the polar vessel that was also Jopeter, Polarbjørn, Lady Johnson II, Beothic Endeavour and Arctic Trader
Authors: Sefland Magnus
Published: April 2018

The history of maritime activity in polar regions is highly dynamic. It is the record of the fortunes of men and machines driven before the winds of economic and social change, scientific discovery, technological development and world events. This paper describes the career of the Norwegian Arctic sealer Brategg during the six decades from its construction in 1932 to its destruction in 1994. Although a record of a single vessel, Brategg’s story, involving investment and bankruptcy, war service, shipwreck, and innovation and renovation in both Arctic and Antarctic waters, also serves as a model of the changing times and fortunes of the Norwegian polar fleet as a whole across the twentieth century.
Facilitation of positive social interaction through visual art in dementia: a case study using video-analysis
Authors: SCHNEIDER JUSTINE , HAZEL SPENCER , MORGNER CHRISTIAN , DENING TOM
Published: April 2018

The aims of this exploratory study were: to investigate the process of visual art appreciation in a person with dementia, in real time; and to test the feasibility of using video-analysis as a method to explore this process by and with a person who has minimal verbal expression. Gallery personnel guided a woman with severe dementia around an exhibition. Audio-visual recordings of the interactions were analysed. Patterns were identified, and interpreted in the light of conversation analysis theory and research. Evidence was found of turn-taking vocalisations on the part of the research participant. Her participation in a dialogical process was facilitated by the skilled and empathic gallery personnel in ways that the analysis makes clear. We argue that this supports the inference that successful communicative acts took place, contrary to expectations in the light of the participant's level of disability. We demonstrate in this paper how a woman with minimal speech due to dementia was enabled to engage with visual art through the facilitation of an expert guide, attuned to her needs. This is a novel example of a person-centred approach, because it takes place outside the context of caring, which is the typical setting for examining person-centred ways of relating to individuals with dementia.
Del Pezzo surfaces over finite fields and their Frobenius traces
Authors: BANWAIT BARINDER , FITÉ FRANCESC , LOUGHRAN DANIEL
Published: April 2018

LetSbe a smooth cubic surface over a finite field$\mathbb{F}$q. It is known that #S($\mathbb{F}$q) = 1 +aq+q2for somea∈ {−2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7}. Serre has asked which values ofacan arise for a givenq. Building on special cases treated by Swinnerton–Dyer, we give a complete answer to this question. We also answer the analogous question for other del Pezzo surfaces, and consider the inverse Galois problem for del Pezzo surfaces over finite fields. Finally we give a corrected version of Manin's and Swinnerton–Dyer's tables on cubic surfaces over finite fields.
Ulam stability for some classes of C*-algebras
Authors: McKenney Paul , Vignati Alessandro
Published: April 2018

We prove some stability results for certain classes of C*-algebras. We prove that, whenever A is a finite-dimensional C*-algebra, B is a C*-algebra and ϕ: A → B is approximately a *-homomorphism, there is an actual *-homomorphism close to ϕ by a factor depending only on how far ϕ is from being a *-homomorphism and not on A or B.