bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bridge asset management at Auckland Transport
Authors: Yu Gang , Khan Matiul
Published: March 2021

Auckland is the most populous city in New Zealand. To keep Auckland moving, Auckland Transport (AT) manages the local transportation network with 1260 bridges and major culverts. With the growth of the city, this number keeps increasing.

Asset Management of these bridges at AT is facing various challenges from increasing transportation demands, fast changing environment and climate change et al. All those demands require us to review the strategies of how to maintain a sustainable transport network within a limited budget.

This paper gives an overview of the bridges that support Auckland’s transport network regarding the current asset management strategy and practice. Risk management is at the heart of AT’s bridge asset management. The consequence-and-probability calculation supports the framework of the bridge asset strategy. It covers the prioritisation, decision making, short-term and long-term planning and environmental protection.

As the good practice in bridge asset management, the adaption of new technology and safety-first principle are also discussed. However, bridge management and maintenance are always facing new challenges, this paper identifies some challenges AT may face in the future.
The E39 Bjørnafjord crossing, development and selection of bridge concept
Authors: Jakobsen Svein Erik , Norum Larsen Per , Wiborg Sverre , Fjeld Anette , Solemsli Jon , Nedrebø Øyvind , Johannesen Stian Moe , Hansen Vigleik L.
Published: March 2021

The distance between Norway’s second and fourth largest cities, Bergen and Stavanger, is only 150 km. The E39 link between the cities involves as per today several ferry connections, therefore the planning of a fixed connection with bridges and subsea tunnels has been going on for some years. A major technical challenge is the crossing of Bjørnafjord, since the fjord at this site is about 5000m wide and 500m deep.

This paper describes the development of technical solutions to cross the Bjørnafjord, and the evaluation and challenges met in the different stages of the project until a preferred solution was reached in 2019. Advanced analyses and evaluations have been performed to cope with challenges like wave/wind/current interactions, ship collision, parametric excitation and subsea landslides. The work performed will provide a major contribution to future largescale strait crossings in the world.
Properly designed expansion joint to ensure successful seismically Isolated Structures
Authors: Boediono Bambang , Suryadi Tri , Hariwijaya Lie-Hendri , Sihite Tony
Published: March 2021

Seismic isolation system has become one of the most efficient approaches chosen by design engineers for having better seismic performance and cost-efficiency for structures located in high seismicity area. For bridges, the seismic isolation system is usually done by replacing the conventional bearings (pot or spherical bearings) with seismic isolator bearings (rubber isolator bearings or pendulum bearings). In general, only these isolator bearings that will be the focus of considerations during design phase. It is commonly forgotten that the seismic isolation system shall be also coupled with properly installed seismic expansion joint that can accommodate large movements on the bridge deck due to isolation effect of the seismic system. Improperly designed expansion joint is usually shown by the use of small non-seismic joint that leads to very narrow provided gaps in between the concrete deck and its adjacent structure. These gaps are not able to accommodate large movements on the deck of a seismically isolated bridge. Collisions or poundings during seismic event are inevitable. This leads to dysfunctionality of seismic isolation system, and in the worst case it may generate excessive impact forces that will result to undesired performance level and damages on the structures.
Recovering the Waiho – Emergency response and recovery of the Waiho River Bailey Bridge
Authors: Waldin Jeremy , Baty Ben
Published: March 2021

Waiho – (verb) (-ngia,-tia)to let be, leave alone, put, place, ignore.

SH6 Waiho Bailey Bridge is located just south of Franz Josef township in the South Island of New Zealand and is a critical connection for the West Coast. The Bailey bridge was first constructed in 1990 and has since been raised and extended three times due to significant aggradation of the riverbed. During a massive storm event on March 26, 2019 the northern abutment and northern- most pier were washed out leading to collapse of several spans of the bridge. The cost caused by the loss of the bridge was estimated to be in the order of $2-3M per day. Consequently, there was intense pressure on Waka Kotahi NZ Transport Agency to restore access across the river.

As Team Leader and Deputy Team Leader of the West Coast Bridge Management Contract, Jeremy Waldin and Ben Baty led the $6.5M emergency recovery managing an emergency response team which worked across multiple organisations to recover this 170m long bridge in just 18 days.
Kaimai Tunnel track slab assessment
Authors: Burnton Peter , Wicaksana Citra
Published: March 2021

Kaimai Tunnel is an 8.5km long KiwiRail tunnel on one of the busiest freight rail lines in NZ North Island. The concrete base slab that supports the track slab in the drill and blast section of the tunnel was cast on a fill layer rather than country rock. The fill layer has in places been washed out over time leaving voids under the base slab resulting in local track slab failures. Previous studies by others recommended major interventions or complete replacement of the track slab for the full tunnel length. This was considered impractical by KiwiRail due to the disruption to the network.

The first phase of the Arup study concluded that the trackslab could be retained subject to manageable remedial actions. A key component of this study was the interpretation that the existing paved concrete track (PaCT) and base slabs are acting as an unreinforced concrete element spanning between the side drains. Understanding the risk associated with this unintended and unusual structural form was critical in the development of the agreed remedial works. Concrete fatigue was one of the important factors investigated.
Mechanics analysis of long span railroad cable-stayed bridge under effect of vertical loads
Authors: Lei Jun-Qing , Zhang Xian-Qing , Guo Shu-Lun , Huang Zu-Wei , Wang Wu-Qin
Published: March 2021

This paper aims to explore the challenge of the design of over one-kilometer-long span road-rail cable-stayed bridge. Because of the large live load and the weight of the structure itself, it has important theoretical significance and engineering application value to study the design parameters of the long Road-Rail cable-stayed bridge with a main span of over 1000 m. The main content of this paper is to study the Steel Road-Rail Cable-stayed Bridge with a main span of 1200 m. The finite element model is established by large-scale analysis software to calculate the response of the structure under load. Based on the calculation results, the rationality of long-span cable-stayed bridge are preliminarily researched. Wind and seismic loads are not considered.
Experimental study on transverse stress of different forms of concrete bridge deck
Authors: Zhang Xieli , Wu Chong , Su Qingtian , Feng Xiaomao , Zhou Xiaoyong
Published: March 2021

Steel plate composite bridge is one of the most widely used form of bridges. With the application of pre- stressed concrete, the improvement of thick steel plate quality and welding technology, steel plate composite bridge with less main girder has been widely used in engineering. To compare the mechanical properties of twin-girder and multi-girder steel plate bridge, two full-scale concrete bridge deck specimens are manufactured and tested. The stress and deformation of the structural members of the two specimens are tested, the development of concrete cracks is recorded in detail, and the ultimate bearing capacity and failure form are obtained. The test results show that the concrete slab in the form of twin-girder with post- tension will not crack under the normal vehicle load, while multi-girder one will crack, and the maximum crack width is 0.02 mm. The ultimate bearing capacity of twin-girder is 622 kN and the multi-girder is 850 kN. The failure mode of twin-girder is tension failure, and multi-girder is compression failure.
The replacement of the Uusi-Pitkälä underpass bridge
Authors: Noponen Sami
Published: March 2021

The goal of this paper is to present an example of the Finnish construction and designing methods of railway bridges on existing railway lines.
Resilience improvement of historical timber floors subjected to cyclic loading
Authors: Urushadze Shota , Drdácký Miloš
Published: March 2021

Horizontal diaphragms play an important role in the seismic behaviour of old buildings, and their behaviour when loaded by in-plane shear has not yet been sufficiently described in literature. The distribution of horizontal forces among bearing walls is strongly dependent on the stiffness of horizontal components and their connections to the vertical structures. The paper focuses on horizontal diaphragms of historic buildings, such as traditional floor systems and feasible intervention technologies for the improvement of their resilience. Experimental behaviour of original and strengthened wooden floors is analysed in order to obtain information on the system performance and supply parameters for use in numerical modelling.
Strategic bridge repair and its repair effect based on the damage tendency of the expressway viaducts
Authors: Sakai Yuji , Matsumoto Shigeru , Kuroda Takashi
Published: March 2021

According to the analysis of inspection data accumulated, a tendency was found that damage was concentrated at the viaduct ends. The primary cause of the damage was leakage of water from expansion joints. In general, viaducts are repaired on a full-span basis. However, it is not efficient to perform a repair on the entire viaduct every time its end parts need to be repaired. Therefore, a strategic repair program focusing on the viaduct ends was planned and implemented. The viaduct end repair mainly consists of the repair of water leakage which is the main damage and the repair of corrosion which is the secondary damage. The study results showed that a high repair effect could be obtained by performing water sealing in combination with repainting. This paper will report the results of the damage analysis on the viaducts with the inspection data as well as the effect of the viaduct end repair.
BridgeDoctor, life cycle costs of bridges under control
Authors: Hesselink Bert , Freriks Wim , van der Burg Mark , van Dijk John
Published: March 2021

The Netherlands is a densely-populated country, with many rivers and roads. As a result, there are many intersections between roads and waterways, and these intersections are heavily used. Movares is a Dutch engineering consultancy and we can draw on over 100 years’ experience with a wide range of bridges and viaducts. We are among the Netherlands’ leading consultants in the field of movable bridges. Our knowledge and experience put us in a perfect position to look after bridges from initial design through to end of service life.

Many Dutch bridges – both movable and fixed – were built in the 1950s and 1960s, and were not designed for today’s increased, heavier traffic. They are showing symptoms of fatigue and/or no longer conform (demonstrably) to current requirements. As a result, they need to be replaced. The availability of infrastructure is of great economic importance

At the same time, safety must be guaranteed. Our philosophy: “If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it!” Our ap-proach – the BridgeDoctor® – allows us to establish the condition of a bridge with the aid of a rapid analysis. In many cases, we can use smart measures to extend the life of a bridge, allowing it to remain in service for several more decades.

By an inventory based on available information. The aim is to gain insight into the status of the bridges now, but also in the future. On this basis it is possible to predict when the bridge needs to be replaced or, and of course, how and when to intervene constructively. This inventory provides quick answers to questions such as: which bridge is constructively safe and which bridge should be tackled first?

Maintenance also prevents emergency repairs and saves a lot of money (emergency repair = costly and timely maintenance can lead to less maintenance.
Load bearing performance of precast PC slab using rationalized joints
Authors: Hidekazu Yoshimatsu , Ryosuke Takahashi , Hidenobu Tokushige
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study is development of an RC joint structure, called as the rationalized joint, applicable to the bridge axial joint of precast PC slabs in the replacement work of RC slabs of deteriorated steel bridges. A nut is attached to an end of the re-bar in the joint of the precast PC slab. The bending and shear load-carrying capacity of the joint with reduced anchorage length is confirmed by experiments. Furthermore, the fatigue resistance performance is confirmed by a moving wheel load test. Moreover, the fixing performance is confirmed and applied as a joint of an actual structure when an epoxy coated re-bar is used.
Comparison of steel strength retention models for fire exposed concrete slabs
Authors: Thienpont Thomas , Van Coile Ruben , Caspeele Robby , De Corte Wouter
Published: March 2021

In structural fire engineering, there is a growing trend towards the use of performance based approaches to evaluate structural behaviour during or after a fire. Consequently, there is a need for an increased level of confidence in properties of construction materials used in these performance based approaches. Both steel and concrete have been experimentally observed to show a dispersal in the value of their respective structural strengths, at room temperature, but more significantly at high temperatures. In this paper the influence of three temperature dependent strength retention models for reinforcement steel on the bending moment capacity of simply supported reinforced concrete slabs exposed to a standardized fire is analysed. The results show that the structural response of reinforced concrete slabs strongly depends on the chosen probabilistic model, thus highlighting the importance of appropriate model selection.
Degradation of concrete elements under thermal and mechanical loads and its repair
Authors: Reddy D. Harinadha , Ramaswamy Ananth
Published: March 2021

Details of an experimental program comprising of concrete cylinders exposed to different combinations of uniaxial loading, temperature and exposure time, to assess change in its stiffness and strength properties is discussed. Further, an attempt to repair companion thermo-mechanically damaged cylinders using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) for mechanical strengthening and geopolymer for thermal insulation before exposing them to combinations of mechanical load and temperature is also presented to assess the efficacy of this system. A Hygro-thermo-chemo mechanical model that has been discussed in the literature is used to obtain strains both in the primary concrete and in the insulated repaired system. Concrete is treated as a deformable, multiphase porous material and so is the geo-polymer repair material. FRP is treated as an elastic brittle material.
Construction on Antarctica: Dismantling an existing wharf structure
Authors: van Doremaele Koen
Published: March 2021

Rothera is the main mooring location in Antarctica for research vessels of the British Antarctic Survey (BAS). The existing wharf had reached the limit of its design life. To provide mooring of the new UK polar research ship, the RRSSir David Attenborough, a larger wharf structure was designed that required removal of the existing structure. This paper describes the engineering and technical challenges on providing a safe and stable structure during dismantling as well as the effects of icebergs, low temperatures and wildlife around this Antarctic research station.
Recent failures of external prestressing grouted tendons: the paramount role of the HDPE duct
Authors: Godart Bruno , Gaillet Laurent , Van Schoors Laetitia , Labourie Laurent , Germain Didier , Vaurigaud Bastien
Published: March 2021

The article describes recent cases of tendon ruptures by corrosion and investigations carried out on some bridges. Several causes related to HDPE ducts have been identified as damages during handling, degradation during threading and tensioning of strands, defective connection of the duct to the anchor body, damage during construction or operation, low quality of HDPE material, etc.

A warning note on existing structures with external prestressing has been updated by Cerema in November 2018. It describes the diagnosis methodology based on detailed inspection, destructive and non-destructive techniques. New non-destructive investigation techniques such as guided- wave ultrasonic technique and magnetic leakage field test using permanent magnets and induction coils are presented. Innovative methods of local repair of the ducts are presented. Different protective devices are analyzed with regards of safety of workers in the case of a sudden failure of tendon.
The bearings for the Bangkok Monorail: innovative concepts and fatigue resistance
Authors: Marioni Agostino , Dalpedri Roberto , Banfi Marco , Marenda Ivan
Published: March 2021

The paper describes the innovative design of the bearings utilized for the Bangkok Monorail System. The requirements of the bearings included high resistance to transversal moments, absence of mechanical plays, long service life and fatigue resistance. In the paper are analyzed the design concepts, the innovative special sliding material granting a very long life and the test performed to verify the mechanical and fatigue resistance.
Full-scale experimental testing of Structural Concrete Insulated Panels (SCIPs)
Authors: Mashal Mustafa , Gurung Karma , Acharya Mahesh
Published: March 2021

Structural Concrete Insulated Panels (SCIPs) are relatively new addition to construction industry. SCIPs have previously been used in construction of residential, commercial, and military structures. Despite applications overseas and a few in the United States, SCIPs have still remained a relatively unknown construction methodology among structural engineers in the United States and other countries. SCIPs offer advantages such as fast construction, lightweight, thermal insulation, sound insulation, cost-efficiency, and good seismic and wind performance. These advantages make SCIPs a competitive construction methodology compared to traditional wood and masonry construction. In this study, the SCIP construction is introduced, followed by experimental results from full-scale testing of 14 SCIPs slab and wall panels under gravity and lateral loads. 11 full-scale slabs, ranging from 3-5.5 m (10-18 ft.) span, are tested under four-point bending tests in accordance with ASTM standards. The strength, ductility, and failure pattern of the panels are discussed. In addition, the adequacy of splicing details for SCIP slab panels are investigated experimentally using three 5.5 m (18 ft.) slab panels. Three full-scale cantilever wall panels are tested under quasi-static cyclic loading in accordance with ACI seismic testing load protocols. The wall-to-footing connection is a socket connection. This is a novel type of connection for precast wall connection in seismic regions. Experimental results and observations from testing of slab and wall panels showed good strength, ductility, and performance of the specimens.
Case Study: the use of concrete prefabricated prefinished volumetric construction for two blocks of 40-Storey residential flats (the Clement Canopy), Singapore
Authors: Seng Wong , Huat Heng Kim , Mui Maey Leow Geok , Hooi Tan Teng , Chuan Chew Keat , Lin Tan Chong
Published: March 2021

In line with Singapore’s Building Construction Authority (BCA)’s initiative to promote productivity in the construction industry using PPVC technology, this paper outlines the pioneering approach of using reinforced concrete composite shear wall system in the PPVC technology in construction of a 40-storey residential project in Singapore.
Numerical simulation of cracking in concrete using damage mechanics
Authors: Zhelyazov Todor , Ivanov Radan
Published: March 2021

Damage Mechanics is employed to simulate the crack initiation and propagation in concrete structural elements. To this end, the stress-strain relationship for concrete is modified by introducing a damage variable which affects the elasticity tensor. The damage-based constitutive relationship defined for concrete is integrated into a general-purpose finite element code. The damage accumulated in each finite element is quantified throughout the loading history. Finite elements in which a critical value of the damage variable is reached are deactivated. The volume of cracks can also be approximately evaluated. The relative amount of cracks is considered by the authors to be an important characteristic of the material in the context of smart, self-healing concrete. It provides valuable information for the design of a smart structural element, namely in optimizing the amount and pattern of placement of the healing agent.
An approach to reduce concrete rework using Building Information Models
Authors: Vonco Okuhle , Wium Jan
Published: March 2021

The paper describes a risk-based approach to enable construction teams to predict potential areas of rework. This is achieved by capturing historic construction data of concrete elements using Building Information Models (BIM), augmented by manual capturing by project parameters.

The approach consists of two parts. In the first part data is captured of relevant project parameters that may impact on rework. This data is stored in a database and relationships are determined between these factors and the occurrence of rework using a machine learning approach. In a second part concrete elements in a BIM is verified against the database to determine the rework risk of the element.

The approach will enable construction teams to pro-actively manage the construction process to reduce the probability of rework with resulting savings in time and cost.
Quality assurance and quality control to ensure durability
Authors: Roy B. C. , Guha Tanmoy , Ekambaram R.
Published: March 2021

High level of quality during design, design-build and construction stages is a fundamental requirement to ensure that structure serves its intended purpose. Establishment of a quality assurance manual is prime necessity. Lack of quality control during design, review and approving design drawings are major reasons for structural failures. Designers and design checkers need to work in tandem to ensure more adequate Quality Assurance & Control (QA/QC).

In structural design Durability is a key parameter and becomes critical for service life of 100/120 years. In design build and construction stages controlling work quality is important to maintain performance standards. Tailor made quality plan for Design-build Contract is essential. Quality procedures, inspection and testing needs implementation in practice to verify full compliance and prevent occurrence of faults and defects towards durability and service life. This paper deals with Quality with special emphasis on durability in design and construction through case studies of design build contracts.
Corrosion investigation of longitudinal direction of corroded main cable on an actual suspension bridge
Authors: Miyachi Kazuhiro , Kinoshita Koji , Hasuike Rina , Yano Yoshitomo , Hatasa Yosuke
Published: March 2021

In this study, in order to clarify the corrosion condition and longitudinal change of an actual suspension bridge main cable used for more than 50 years, the disassembly investigation was conducted based on the corrosion evaluation criteria applying the rust composition analysis. In the 6 ropes composing the main cable, from the comparison result of the disassembly investigation of all ropes, it was confirmed that the corrosion level on the rope surface tended to be relatively higher than inside. In addition, from the investigation results of the disassembly and the corrosion distribution rate in the longitudinal direction, it was clarified that even if the inside of the strand that composing rope was corroded at a certain cross section, the corrosion condition was changed during the twisting process. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the corrosion tends to progress between the outer strands.
Sustainability aspects of geotechnical engineering in New Zealand
Authors: Murashev Alexei
Published: March 2021

Geotechnical engineering is a resource intensive sector of civil engineering that has a substantial effect on sustainability aspects of many transport, building, water and power projects. Improving sustainability of the geotechnical design solutions is extremely important to achieve sustainable development. Sustainability in geotechnical engineering gained particular importance in New Zealand due to the unacceptably high material and socio-economic losses that resulted from the 2010-2011 Canterbury Earthquake Sequence and 2016 Kaikoura Earthquake. The main drivers behind sustainable geotechnical design in New Zealand are discussed. Aspects of geotechnical engineering that may improve civil and geotechnical design in terms of sustainability outcomes are considered. A few design examples utilising innovative design methodologies and resulting in positive sustainability outcomes are described.
Timber bodies strength of materials: Fundamental principles, test specimens proposal
Authors: Tortoriello Miguel A. , Lima Luis J. , Cobas Ana C. , Cichero Renso A.
Published: March 2021

To reduce the economic cost of a Timber Structure, the first condition is to have a “rational” Structural Code, that is, a Code supported by research and a specific theory. To establish a rational Structural Timber Code, a specific theoretical support is needed. The objective of this paper is to cooperate in the construction of this theoretical support. To design timber structures, it is necessary to have mathematical models able to reproduce the resistance of timber bodies under different solicitations. In this paper, a “road map” to arrive to a specific Strength of Materials of Timber Bodies is proposed. This theory will be the tool needed to develop the mathematical models whose quantification will be obtained by testing “basic test specimens” obtained from timber of any particular timber building (like in concrete or soil mechanics). Finally, a “basic test specimen” for practical application of the theory is proposed. In this case, the experimental support is referred to “willow” wood.
Derailment probability of whole railway lines during an earthquake, considering the structure types of bridge, embankment and tunnel
Authors: Narita Kenji , Tokunaga Munemasa , Goto Keiichi , Sakai Kimitoshi
Published: March 2021

The derailment probability of trains on embankments and in tunnels is important for the evaluation of derailment fragility throughout the whole railway line during earthquakes. This study aimed to predict the number of trains expected to derail on a whole line during an earthquake. Nonlinear vehicle–structure interaction analyses revealed that the probability of derailment exceeded 50% when the ground acceleration was approximately 370 Gal on bridges, 900 Gal on embankments, and 1200 Gal in tunnels. The expected number of derailments was approximately 1–8 trains in the case of L2 spectrum I, considering the probability of derailment occurrence for each structure type.
A study on the damage development process of steel rigid frame bridge piers with rocking columns
Authors: Fukushima Takahiro , Yatsumoto Hitoshi , Azumi Kyoko , Sugioka Koichi
Published: March 2021

In the Hanshin Expressway, seismic retrofitting measures have been carried out since before, and the measures have also been carried out without exception on bridges with rocking piers. However, some bridge of rocking piers were collapsed in 2016 Kumamoto earthquake. Kumamoto earthquake revealed the instability and fragility of rocking piers. In this study, the damage development process of steel rigid frame piers with rocking columns was evaluated by pushover analysis. As a result of the study, it was verified that in the examination target bridge pier, the rocking column was not damaged ahead of other components. From these results, the target bridge pier has sufficient seismic performance and it has extreme low probability to occur severe damage that leads to collapse.
Comparison between the previous and new earthquake design standards in Thailand
Authors: Buddee Samard
Published: March 2021

This study was conducted on the seismic performance of the new DPT 1301/1302 - 61 earthquake design standard in Thailand, the ACI 318-11:2014, and the ASCE 7-16 Standard. The selected sample structure for the case study was an existing five-storey building located in Bangkok. It was designed as a shopping mall having a length of 350 m, a width of 35 m, and a height of 26 m, resulting in a total constructed usable area of 62,000 m², and consists of shops, restaurants and car-park spaces. Construction started on 15th February 2013, and it was opened on 31st August 2019. Bangkok is situated on a large plain underlain by the thick alluvial and deltaic sediments of the Chao Phraya Basin. The design spectral accelerations, as specified in the previous DPT standard 1302 - 52, were established based on the data of the site characteristics available from the past. However, recent studies have revealed several key features of the site characteristics that are essential for improvement of the previous standard. The structural analysis and design of this building were performed by using computer software programs so as to comply with the previous standard. This paper presents a comparison between the previous and the newly revised standards and examines the design differences by using the selected building as a case study on the structural design of typical existing low-rise buildings in Bangkok.
Experimental analyses of innovative wood-shear walls under seismic loads
Authors: Wilden Vera , Hoffmeister Benno
Published: March 2021

The seismic performance of sheathing-timber-frame-connections was investigated for different combination of materials and fasteners. The experimental studies were extended to tests on full- scale wall elements in order to verify the transferability of small-scale results to full scale elements. The results were evaluated with regard to stiffness, strength, ductility and overstrength.
Design of movable scaffolding systems for seismic events – A practical case
Authors: Pacheco Pedro , Resende André , Torres Alberto , Guerra António , Coelho Hugo
Published: March 2021

It is a common request for Movable Scaffolding Systems (MSS) to be designed to withstand wind loads, despite the site location. In contrast, seismic events aren’t frequently considered while designing an MSS. Unlike wind loading, seismic events are very rare and with characteristics difficult to predict – therefore, the concept of operational limits or emergency safety devices is not applicable. In case of bridges located in hazardous seismic zones, seismic events should be taken into account while designing the MSS. The most critical phase is the concrete pouring stage, in which the mass is maximum. In this stage, vibration frequencies are largely dependent from the MSS type (overhead or underslung) and the MSS support configuration. This paper is focused on MSS design to withstand seismic events. Considerations on load evaluation, combination criteria and design options are given, based on a practical case.
Evaluation of unbonded Strip-STRP bearing based on current design guidelines
Authors: Zisan M. B. , Igarashi A.
Published: March 2021

The scrap tire rubber pad (STRP) made of natural or synthetic rubber offers substantial vertical stiffness and lateral flexibility, which are suitable properties for seismic isolator application. If a stacked STRP is used as an unbonded seismic isolator, the in-service stress-strain and displacement demand when rollover deformation is allowed can be different from that without considering the rollover. Although design guidelines are currently available for bonded type bearings, there are no established criteria for the unbonded bearings. To investigate the performance and stress-strain demand of unbonded strip-STRP isolators, finite element analysis (FEA) is performed to compare the analytical result with the existing design guidelines. The stress-strain demand of the strip-STRP isolators is substantially influenced by thel/wratio, and it is found that the in-plane stresses are the key parameters in the determination of the allowable displacement and the effective length. The analysis shows that an STRP isolator carrying a vertical load of 5.0 MPa can efficiently be utilized up to 230% shear deformation.
Study on mechanical properties of very low-strength concrete from an existing building
Authors: Sakamoto Eisuke , Sadasue Kazushi , Araki Hideo
Published: March 2021

The properties of old concrete are directly related to the seismic performance of the existing reinforced concrete (RC) buildings and are important factors in seismic evaluations of these buildings. However, the strength and elasticity modulus of concrete in existing buildings are affected by deterioration over long periods, uncertainty in the construction and several other important factors. Therefore, accumulating data and knowledges on the properties of old concrete and checking the validity of the equations used in the seismic evaluation is essential. For this study, 41 concrete cylinders were obtained from an RC building constructed in 1969. In this paper, we mainly discuss the mechanical properties of concrete. The compressive tests, tensile splitting tests, componential analysis of concrete and carbonation tests were performed. Additionally, the observed values were compared with the present standard and various estimation equations.
Static analysis of high-rise concrete buildings with Holistic 3D models
Authors: Laggner Thomas Markus , Schlicke Dirk , Viet Tue Nguyen
Published: March 2021

Holistic 3D calculation models have become an indispensable part of the structural analysis of complex and/or unconventional structures. The determined load distribution within the structure and the particular stressing of the members are hereby strongly depending on the modelling approaches. This contribution shows the effects of different modelling approaches by a systematic investigation of a representative high-rise reinforced concrete building with flat slabs and a core for the structural stability. In principal, the difference between the conventional method using extracted 2D sub models and a linear-elastic holistic 3D model is shown. Following, the effect of the regarded connection stiffness between the structural elements, the significance of a construction stage analysis (CSA) and the influences of creep and shrinkage of the concrete on the load distribution are presented in detail. It was found that all parameters as well as their interplay have clear influences on the determined stressing and should be addressed accordingly.
Analysis of The Effect of Macroeconomics On Net Assets Value (NAV) of Sharia Mutual Funds In Indonesia
Authors: Nafisah Hilyatun , Supriyono Supriyono
Published: March 2021

Net Asset Value (NAV) is a measure of investment performance for sharia mutual funds derived from the entire value of the mutual fund portfolio fewer liabilities. This research aims to analyze the effect of the rupiah exchange rate, inflation, Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) and Bank Indonesia Sharia Certificate (SBIS) on Net Asset Value (NAV) of Sharia Mutual Funds. The object in this research consisted of 5 companies registered with the Financial Services Authority (OJK) from 2012-2019. Panel data regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis in this study. A random effect is used to determine the differences in the effect. The result of this study concluded that rupiah exchange rate, inflation and JII and SBIS effect on NAV of sharia mutual funds simultaneously. Partially, an unstable rupiah exchange rate is considered to have an impact on the company's production factors and affect the validity of the stock price; This causes investments no longer be attractive to investors, thereby reducing the value of investments that have an impact on the declining mutual fund NAV. Inflation decreases the real income of people with fixed income will also reduce the value of wealth in the form of money so that people will prefer to invest their money in the form of real assets that will result in reduced investment in the financial and capital markets and lower the NAV value of Islamic Mutual Funds. JII describes the performance of stocks which are one of the portfolios of sharia mutual funds. If the JII index value rises, then the increase in the portfolio of sharia mutual funds that share type will also rise which will have an impact on the increase in the nett asset value of sharia mutual funds. SBIS does not affect the Sharia Mutual Funds NAV. The relationship between SBIS and the Sharia Mutual Fund NAV as well as the relationship between interest rates and stock prices is negative or in the opposite direction. If interest rates rise at an adequate level, investors will try to move their investments from stocks to deposits.
Determinants of Non-Performing Financing of Mortgage in Islamic Commercial Banks
Authors: Hasanah Rofadatul , Septiarini Dina Fitrisia , Filianti Dian
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of Capital Adequacy Ratio, Return on Assets, BI 7-Day Rate, and Inflation towards Non-Performing Financing Mortgages in Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia. The population of this study is the Islamic commercial banks in the period 2015-2019. The sample used is a saturated sample, which uses all Islamic banks as research samples. This research uses a quantitative approach using time series data. All variables use the percentage of growth and show the results of the level stationary so that the technique used is Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression analysis which is processed using E-Views 10 software. The results of this study indicate partially the Capital Adequacy Ratio and Return on Assets variables have a negative influence significant to Non-Performing Financing Mortgages. While BI 7-Day Rate and Inflation variables do not influence Non- Performing Financing Mortgages. Nonetheless, Capital Adequacy Ratio, Return on Assets, BI 7-Day Rate, and Inflation simultaneously have a significant effect on the Non-Performing Financing of Mortgages in Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia in the period 2015-2019.
The Effect Of Debt-Based Financing And Equity-Based Financing On Islamic Banks Profitability In Indonesia
Authors: Wahyudi Rofiul , Diniyya Aulia Arifatu , Satyarini Julia Noermawati Eka , Mutmainah Luâ€™liyatul , Maulida Sri
Published: March 2021

This study's main objective is to investigate equity-based financing and debt-based financing of the profitability of Islamic banking in Indonesia. This research is expected to contribute to the theoretical and practical dimensions. On the conceptual aspect, this study can provide evidence of whether equity-based financing and debt-based financing affect the profitability of Islamic banking. While on the practical dimension, Islamic banks in Indonesia can determine the extent of their profitability and, in turn, the competitiveness of Islamic banks to enable it to be developed in line or even better than conventional banks. The data analysis technique uses panel data regression, which is time series data and cross-section. Next, to estimate the panel data model, which is divided into three, namely: common effect, fixed effect, and random effect. The result of this study that partially equity-based financing does not affect ROE. At the same time, debt-based financing influences the ROE of Islamic banks. Partially equity-based financing and debt-based financing do not affect ROA of Islamic banks. However, it simultaneously shows that the independent variable test results, namely equity-based financing and debt-based financing, have a strong influence on the dependent variable, namely, profitability as measured by ROA and ROE.
Halal Assurance System (HAS) 23000 Perspective George Robert Terry
Authors: Purwanto Hery , Rofiq Ahmad , Mashudi Mashudi
Published: March 2021

The company's success in achieving the goals that have been set is due to having good managerial skills in planning, organizing, mobilizing, and controlling. Many companies are then looking for a system model that can lead to the achievement of goals. If the model or system is considered capable of leading to the achievement of organizational goals then the system is considered an Expert System. One of them is the Halal Assurance System (HAS 23000), which is a management system used as a model by companies in implementing halal production processes. The HAS23000 concept certainly has a management construction that includes functions in management. This research is library research using a qualitative descriptive analysis approach. The results of the study show that the 11 criteria in HAS23000 are divided into management functions in the perspective of George Robert Terry, namely criteria 1 is a planning function, criteria 2 is an organizing function, criteria 3 is a function of movement, criteria 4, 5, and 6 covers all management functions. That is planning, organizing, mobilizing, and controlling, and finally, the criteria 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 are the function of control or supervision. With the theoretical approach of George Robert Terry's management function in analyzing the management functions contained in HAS 23000, this is the novelty of previous researchers.
Examining the Authenticity of Tafsir al- Jailani as the Work of Abdul Qodir Jailani
Authors: Munji Ahmad
Published: March 2021

This paper attempted to discover the authenticity of interpretation work ordinated to Abdul Qodir Jailani. This interpretation Sufism was published by two different publishers from two separate countries; Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah located in Beirut, Lebanon and Markaz al-Jailani li al-Buhus al-Ilmiyah in Istanbul, Turkey. This research is conducted from incredulity of ordination validity towards that interpretation work (Tafsir). By reason that the script was similar to another spread-script whose title is Fawatih al-Ilahiyah authored by Baba Ni’matullah Najwani. By comparison to two versions of Tafsir al-Jailani and one version of al-Fawatih al-Ilahiyah, this research comes to conclusion that this Tafsir (Tafsir al-Jailani) is inscription of Baba Ni’matullah Najwani, not Abdul Qodir al-Jailani. This conclusion goes against to three points; first, the name in book cover is not compatible with the name in introduction as the author had conveyed it in this Tafsir’s introduction; Second, the Author discussed many topics about Wahdat al-Wujud, a Sufism terminology acknowledged by Ibn Arabi who lived after Abdul Kodir al-Jailani. Third; many terms engaged in this Tafsir have not turned out into Tasawwuf Scholars discourse in Abdul Qodir Jailani’s period.
Implementation of Islamic Character Based Education In Students’ Religious Extracurricular Activities
Authors: Trinova Zulvia , Rehani Rehani , Yuniendel Ratna Kasni , Riswandi Riswandi
Published: March 2021

The high need for Islamic character-based education, both in the learning process and in extracurricular activities, especially in the religious field. Problems found in the field are lack of student time discipline, untidy clothing, ignorance of prayers, inappropriate use of speech, lack of proper lip service, and a high focus on improving student learning competencies alone. This study aims to describe the types of Islamic character-based education programs in religious extracurricular activities in MAN 1 Padang, explain these activities carried out at MAN 1 Padang, and describe the results of Islamic character-based education for students participating in this activity at MAN 1 Padang. Descriptive method is used with a qualitative approach. Data informants are advisors on religious extracurricular activities, principals, deputy heads of student affairs, trainers and students. Data were collected through observation, and interviews, and analyzed through descriptive analysis techniques, and validity testing with data triangulation techniques. The research findings are: type of Islamic character-based education program in extracurricular religious activities in MAN 1 is part of a religious activity program, where the methods and materials used contain Islamic characters, Islamic character-based education is carried out outside hours of curricular activities with a specified time each week, with material developed from Islamic Religion, developed with relevant methods and supported by existing facilities; and religious activities are able to educate the Islamic character of students. The Islamic character is seen from the religious activities of Rohis, Hadrah and Nasyid.
Semiotic and Implication of Hijab toward Daâ€™wah in Indonesia
Authors: Kumala Nur
Published: March 2021

Subjectivity of meaning canâ€™t be separated from human, for example the case of hijab. This research used quantitative method with semiotic approach. It also used Roland Barthes' semiotics with his 3 buildings (denotative, connotative and myth debunking) of QS. Al-Ahzab: 59, and connotative activities that dissolve in social practices in society. The results of this research indicated that the existence of the use of the headscarf and the leaning of the meaning of the headscarf as a standardization of women's religiosity was a myth, and become an ideology when it justified the meaning and blames other meanings. The meaning of shalihah women is women who wears hijab, or the longer the veil, the more shalihah she is. It is contrary to the goal of Islam as the basis for da'wah that always puts forward goodness and avoids badness (jalbul mashalih-dar'ul mafasid); do not force and preach well (amar ma'ruf nahy munkar bil ma'ruf).
Modelos de velocidad de operación de carreteras rurales en terreno llano en Costa Rica
Authors: Delgado Martínez Domingo E. , Medina García Liosber , Ulate Zárate José M. , García Depestre René A.
Published: March 2021

Por varias décadas, en la práctica ingenieril se ha evaluado la influencia del trazado de la carretera en la seguridad vial mediante el análisis de la consistencia; para ello es necesario contar con los perfiles de velocidad de operación del proyecto nuevo o de la carretera existente. Con este fin, generalmente, se emplean modelos de velocidad de operación existentes que fueron desarrollados para otras condiciones, regiones o países. En los análisis de consistencia del trazado es imprescindible contar con la información de la planta, el perfil del proyecto y la velocidad de operación de los vehículos. Una de las principales dificultades y fuentes de error en estos análisis radica en determinar la velocidad de operación. El objetivo del trabajo es desarrollar modelos de predicción de velocidad de operación para Costa Rica que consideren las características del trazado y las condiciones del parque vehicular. El procedimiento seguido incluye una serie de etapas, desde el análisis de las carreteras del territorio hasta el desarrollo de los modelos de predicción del perfil de velocidad y su validación. Como resultado de la investigación se proponen, por primera vez en Costa Rica, modelos de predicción de las velocidades de operación de las rutas nacionales con características rurales en terreno llano. Se demuestra que las ecuaciones propuestas presentan menores errores de estimación si se comparan con algunos de los modelos más usados internacionalmente.