bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enfermedades otorrinolaringológicas: una mirada genética.
Authors: Martínez Sánchez Lina Maria , Álvarez Hernández Luis Felipe , Jaramillo Jaramillo Laura Isabel
Published: May 2019

Las enfermedades otorrinolaringológicas tienen una elevada incidencia en la población general, alrededor del 40% de las consultas a los servicios de salud se comprenden por motivos de consulta que incluyen alteraciones de oído, nariz y faringolaringe. Dichas patologías comúnmente reciben un abordaje erróneo que dificulta el establecimiento del diagnóstico específico lo que conlleva a un enfoque terapéutico inadecuado. En la actualidad existen diferentes técnicas moleculares que facilitan la identificación oportuna de algunos patógenos y a la vez ofrecen nuevas alternativas de tratamiento y manejo, a pesar de que muchas de estas aún requieren estudios con mayor rigor, ofrecen la posibilidad de desarrollar nuevas formas de abordar al paciente.
estudio descriptivo sobre infarto agudo de miocardio en el hospital de caldas ese entre 1996-2002
Authors: Bedoya Tatiana , Diez Diana Ines , Loaiza Julian Andres , Valencia Johana Marcela , Vergel Maria A. , Castaño Oscar , Castaño Castrillon Jose Jaime
Published: May 2019

constituyen hoy la primera causa de muerte, siendo las más representativas la cardiopatía isquémica y el infarto agudo de miocardio (IMA)1, por tanto se considera de suma importancia estudiar la incidencia de mortalidad intrahospitalaria causada por esta enfermedad, analizando la repercusión de los factores de riesgo modificables y no modificables, el tiempo promedio de estancia hospitalaria, la frecuencia de presentación y correlación de su localización topográfica. Este estudio se efectuó en el Hospital de Caldas (HC) por ser un centro de referencia a escala regional. Un estudio anterior2 realizado en este mismo centro reveló una disminución de la mortalidad gracias al advenimiento de las unidades de cuidado intensivo, el uso adecuado de los medicamentos, asociado con un oportuno y precoz diagnóstico, sin desconocer que la mayor frecuencia del IMA se presentó en hombres, especialmente en aquellos que tienen factores de riesgo asociados y en mujeres en la menopausia y postmenopausia.
Evaluación de la historia clínica de pacientes hipertensos de acuerdo a indicadores de calidad del programa de hipertensión arterial, Clínica Assbasalud La Enea (ESE) 2004-2007
Authors: Ariza León Ángela Marcela , Castaño Castrillón José Jaime , García Gonzáles Diana Maria , Giraldo José Fernando , Hoyos Restrepo Juan David , Lezama Velásquez Néstor Mauricio , Mendoza Alvarán Jorge Alejandro , Murillo Molina Tatiana , Osorio Mejía Luís Felipe , Pedrozo Castillo Rosa María
Published: May 2019

Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de la historia clínica del programa de hipertensión arterialen los pacientes inscritos en la clínica la ENEA de ASSBASALUD ESE (Centros urbanosde Atención en Seguridad Social, Bienestar y Salud, Empresa Social del Estado,Manizales, Colombia) entre los años 2005-2007.Materiales y métodos: El estudio aplicado fue de corte transversal y se ejecutó revisandolas historias clínicas de los pacientes hipertensos que asisten al programa deseguimiento de la hipertensión arterial en la clínica mencionada. Se estudiaron variablescomo: edad, escolaridad, seguridad social, sexo, tarjetas elaboradas, asistenciaal programa, asistencia al control, historia clínica, órgano blanco, guías de atención.Resultados: En las historias clínicas no aparece registrado el dato de escolaridad(94,5%), en la revisión del órgano blanco, se encontró solo en 177 (77%), valoradoel órgano blanco riñón, el corazón en 116 (53,5%) pacientes, y la retina en 64(29,5%).Además 92,6% de los pacientes tenían diligenciadas sus tarjetas de control, solo el39,6% asisten a los controles. Conclusiones: La mayor falencia en la evaluación delpaciente hipertenso es cómo se enfocan a estos pacientes en los niveles de atenciónbásica que lleva a un seguimiento erróneo.
ФАКТОРИ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ СФЕРИ ПОСЛУГ
Authors: Кулак Наталія Валеріївна
Published: May 2019

The paper provides insights into the current state and major business trends in the service industries sector, along with interpreting the concepts of "a service" and "service industry". The definition of "innovative development of enterprises in the service sector" has been amended, viewed as a systemic process of innovation implementation by applying new methods and updated realms of the enterprise potential realization through the novel technological advancements and tools to enhance the enterprise competitiveness in a rapidly changing external environment. An emphasis is made that modern Ukrainian service industries market demonstrates positive development trends. It is argued that the characteristic features of the domestic service sector are further growth of high-tech services, the availability of unused capacity, investment attractiveness of domestic businesses to foreign capital, the focus towards innovative forms of work arrangements within service industries. The findings revealed the factors that contribute to the processes of evolution of the services sector which are the integrated use of knowledge and methods to implement the innovations to meet the customers’ needs; the introduction of innovative development strategies consistent with terms and conditions for each particular enterprise; the use of investment resources; the availability of government support; the creation of a competitive environment; attracting highly qualified professionals.
Становлення модного показу як складової модного туру та туристичної атракції, основаної на використанні костюма
Authors: Артеменко М. П.
Published: May 2019

The purpose of the study is to identify the peculiarities of the development of fashion shows as tourist attractions based on the use of costume, as well as the definition of their place among the components of the modern fashion tour. The study contains historiographical and systematic analysis of publications on selected topics, periodization of the fashion show as a recreational and tourist resource, depending on the stages of increasing the scale of the audience, as well as systematization of the components of the modern fashion tour. The analysis of publications, which considers the history of becoming a fashion show through the prism of increasing the tourist potential. As a result, the theoretical study revealed a close relationship between the fashion industry and the tourism industry, which manifests itself in the early stages of development. The summary of the analysis of the formation of a fashion show as a recreational and tourist resource is presented in the form of a chronological scheme, in which, over decades, fundamental differences in the presentation of a costume on the podium can be traced, as well as five stages of increasing the scale of the audience, which indirectly reflect the growth of tourist and recreational interest to this type of activities. In addition, the place of fashion show in the systematic list of components of modern fashion tours is determined, among which, in addition to fashion shows, there are proposals for the purchase of goods from well-known brands with special discounts, visiting costume exhibitions, workshops and salons of designers of clothing, leading educational institutions in fashion, etc. Thus, the costume and all stages of its design and presentation are the key conceptual links around which a number of fashionable recreational and tourist proposals are formed. The chronology of the formation of a fashion show as a recreational and tourist resource based on the use of the costume has been built and the stages of its development have been determined depending on the stages of increasing the scale of the audience. Reasonably leading the fashion show among the components of the events of a modern fashion tour. The obtained results determine the possibilities of a deeper understanding of the role of a suit and ways of presenting it on the podium in modern lists of recreational and tourist events, and can also be used in the training of design specialists, in teaching disciplines related to costume design and fashion history, and in the practical activities of designers, costume artists, tourism managers and the like.
MODIFIED SINGLE-SIDED LAPAROSCOPIC EXTRAVESICAL ANTIREFLUX OPERATION
Authors: Dubrov V. I. , Bondarenko S. G. , Kagantsov I. M.
Published: May 2019

Introduction. Laparoscopic techniques have been applied to ensure surgical treatment of the vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children during the last decades. We present the experience of using the laparoscopic extravesical antireflux standard and ureter-fixed modified surgery.

Materials and methods. A multi-center prospective experimental clinical historical cohort two-group study of patients with III–V stage primary VUR. The basic group consisted of 48 children who had a unilateral laparoscopic extravesical surgery when the ureter was fixed according to the developed technique. 44 children who had a surgery according to the standard technique were included into the control group.

Results. Complete VUR removal was noted in 100% of patients from the basic group and 81.2% of patients from the control group (р <0.01). Preservation of the megaureter with complete reflux resolution was seen in 1 child only (2.1%) from the basic group who had V stage VUR (p=0.2).

Conclusions. Laparoscopic extravesical antireflux is a safe and effective surgery. Distal ureter fixation reduces the rate of VUR recurrences.
PROBLEMS AND WAYS OF SOLVING THE MEDICAL ASPECTS OF CIRCUMCISION
Authors: Murtuzaaliev Z. N. , Mahachev B. M. , Murtuzaaliev N. P.
Published: May 2019

Purpose: the study was aimed at analyzing the complications that occur during circumcision and estimate the effectiveness of the developed original method of this surgery.

Materials and methods. Over 6,000 observed results of circumcision performed in boys from 3 regions of the country using both conventional, and original author techniques were analyzed. They included saving resection of the prepuce preserving the inner leaf of the prepuce without sutures.

Results. The first group included 3,223 boys who had a surgery following the technique made at the clinic when 0.3% of unsatisfied results were obtained. The second group consisted of 3,115 children who had a conventional surgery at medical institutions and at home with unsatisfactory results diagnosed in 7.6% of patients.

Conclusions. The main reasons for complications in circumcision are the lack of a proper preoperative preparation of the surgical field, deviation from the conventional surgery technique and inad equate postoperative care. The sutureless circumcision technique developed by the author enabled to achieve minimum of complications.
NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN THE TREATMENT OF A CHILD WITH PLEURAL EMPYEMA AFTER SEVERE CATATRAUMA
Authors: Bataev S. M. , Chogovadze G. A. , Molotov R. S. , Afaunov M. V. , Pilyutik S. F. , Zurbaev N. Т. , Ignatyev R. O. , Fedorov A. K. , Firsova M. V.
Published: May 2019

Observation of successful treatment of a 12‑yearold child with severe catatrauma obtained at falls from over 50 m is presented. It was required to perform a number of surgeries including splenectomy during treatment. A pneumococcal empyema of the left lung that determined the patient’s severity developed against the background of a traumatic disease. The child underwent two procedures of thoracoscopic pleural cavity sanation. VersaJet hydrosurgical system was used to debride and decorticate the lungs. Plasma Jet surgical system of argon plasma coagulation was used to arrest the bleeding caused by rib fractures and air stasis. It was found out for the first time that the techniques could be combined. This enabled to achieve a favorable treatment result for a child with a severe injury to the brain, multiple injuries to the skeletal bones and soft tissues complicated with destructive pleuropneumonia and sepsis.
BEZOARS OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT IN CHILDREN
Authors: Grigovich I. N. , Savchuk O. B. , Savchuk M. O. , Derbenev V. V.
Published: May 2019

The purpose of the study: evaluation of the results of surgical treatment of children with bezoars of the gastrointestinal tract.

Materials and methods. Over the past 18 years, we have observed 6 children with bezoaris (girls-4, boys-2). Of these, 5 children with trichobezoirs of the stomach and intestines and one child with polybezoar – rags, bandages. Age fluctuated from 8 to 13 years. Only one girl was at the age of 3 years. With careful collection of anamnesis, it was found that everyone had a bad habit of chewing the ends of the hair. Only one child suffering from a severe CNS lesion had a polybekoar. It is difficult to determine the exact period of existence of trihobezoars. Children were registered with pediatricians for gastritis 2–3 years; perhaps these were the first signs of the formation of trichobezoara in the stomach.

Results. Of the six children operated 5 (3 girls and 2 boys). At one girl of 12 years the tri-chaser in the size of 4 sm was in a stomach, and its tail descended in duodenum. This bezoar removes endoscopically. The remaining 5 children were operated. All the children recovered.

Conclusions. With trihobezoare stomach possible endoscopic removal. However, the main method of treating children with bezoars of the gastrointestinal tract is surgical.
Hill Cipher Cryptosystem over Complex Numbers
Authors: Maxrizal Maxrizal
Published: May 2019

The Hill Cipher cryptosystem is a symmetry key cryptosystem. This cryptosystem uses the concept of integer over modulo p. This cryptosystem uses a matrix K as a secret key. We must choose the key matrix K which has an inverse in modulo p. This secret key matrix will be used by the sender and recipient of the message to encrypt and descript the message. For this reason, this paper will discuss the generalization of Hill Cipher using matrices over complex numbers. Calculation of determinants and inverses of the matrix K will adopt a system of determinant and inverse calculations on Hill Cipher. The results show that the proposed cryptosystem scrambles the plaintext.
Application of Problem Based Learning Assisted By QR Code to Improve Mathematical Problem-Solving Ability of Elementary Teacher Education Students
Authors: Santoso Santoso , Ulya Himmatul , Rahayu Ratri
Published: May 2019

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of Problem Based Learning (PBL) assisted by QR code on students’ mathematical problem solving ability. This experimental research was carried out on students of the Elementary School Teacher Education Study ProgramUniversitas Muria Kudus in the mathematical concept course in the academic year of 2016/2017. The ability to solve mathematical problems is measured by tests. Data analysis techniques used include t-test and proportion test. The results of this study are: 1) the mathematical problem solving ability of students who learn through PBL assisted by QR code is better than the mathematical problem solving ability of students who learn through Direct Instruction learning; 2) the mathematical problem solving ability of students who are taught with PBL assisted by QR code have reached the minimum completeness criteria (MCC) and 3) the proportion of students taught with PBL assisted by QR code that has reached the MCC is better than the proportion of students studying through Direct Instruction learning that have met the minimum completeness criteria (MCC). Thus, the lecturer can develop PBL assisted by QR code to create interesting learning so that students are enthusiastic about the learning, which will have a positive effect on their mathematical problem solving ability.
Gold Return Volatility Modeling Using Garch
Authors: Hasanah Primadina , Nasir Siti Qomariyah , Subchan Subchan
Published: May 2019

This research aims to resolve the heteroscedasticity problem in time series data by modeling and analyzing volatility the gold return using GARCH models. Heteroscedasticity means not the constant variance of residuals. The sample data is a return data from January 1, 2014 to September 23, 2016. The data analysis technique used is a stationary test, model identification, model estimation, diagnostic check, heteroscedasticity test, GARCH model estimation, and evaluation. The results showed that ARIMA (3,0,3)-GARCH (1.1) is the best model.
Maintaining the Frame: Using Frame Analysis to Explain Teacher Evaluation Policy Implementation
Authors: Lane John L.
Published: May 2019

While researchers have shown great interest in understanding teacher evaluation, little is known about how teachers’ actions and interactions surrounding evaluation affect the dual goals of evaluation—accountability and development. Using data collected during a yearlong ethnographic study at three schools (combined with follow-up interviews four years later), this study employs frame analysis to describe and explain how teachers formed a group perspective about the new evaluation policy, how this perspective informed their actions and interactions, and the consequences that these actions and interactions had on teacher collegiality, teacher learning, and instructional improvement.
Analyzing the Resource Flows in Sorsogon City Using the Urban Metabolism Framework
Authors: Naz Gremil Alessandro , Bilaro Virgil Bello , Torres Erwin Espiritu , Bartolata Richard Laus , Balmadrid Davie Bongalonta , Desuyo Shiela Benitez , Belgica Ricardo Madrid , Janer Susan Salvador , Deri Ritzelda Agnes , Miranda Franklin Mandane
Published: May 2019

This study examined the flow of selected resources in
Sorsogon City using the urban metabolism approach. The resources analyzed were
water, energy, food, and construction materials. These were chosen using a
toolkit provided by the United Nations Environment (formerly the United Nations
Environment Programme), which funded the study. Primary data were gathered
through key informant interviews and a focus group discussion with individuals
knowledgeable on the four resources studied. Secondary data were obtained from
the Sorsogon City Hall, other government offices, and private organizations.
The documents and the responses of the study participants were used in the
analysis. Findings showed that the Sorsogon City Water District’s production
volume for the next 10 years is sufficient to meet the needs of the growing
population. However, this does not consider the areas not serviced by the water
utility—which is half of all the barangays in the city. Meanwhile, if the
present population growth and energy utilization rate remains the same,
Sorsogon City will need to increase its electricity and liquid fuel imports.
This is because all power used in the city is imported. Similarly, if Sorsogon
City does not adopt any changes in its rice production scheme (i.e., no change
in annual yield and production area), it will need to increase imports to
supply the growing demand. Likewise, since the city has no local source of
construction materials, it will continue to be a net importer of steel, cement,
sand, and aggregates. Based on these results, several recommendations were made
by the researchers for the consideration of Sorsogon City officials.
The Concept of Didaskalia of Church Leaders in the Pastoral Letters: A Semantic Domain Approach
Authors: Hendi
Published: May 2019

A semantic domain approach to word sense is an analysis of semantic relations. Semantic relations are a set of related meanings of different words. The explanation of Young and TDNT are weak in the semantic relations of didaskalia. According to Young, didaskalia only has six related words. TDNT is a word study that deals exclusively with didaskalia. The contribution of this article is the concept of didaskalia. Using the semantic domain approach, the concept is constructed by didaskalia and all its semantic relations in the Pastoral letters. Didaskalia is every act of church leaders in striving against the false doctrine and teaching the sound doctrine to the believers. Therefore, the concept is more comprehensive than Young’s and TDNT’s.
More than Chalkboards: Classroom Spaces and Collaborative Learning Attitudes
Authors: Clinton Virginia
Published: May 2019

The well-known benefits of collaborative learning have prompted the development of active learning classrooms that are designed to facilitate peer interaction. Given the expense of designing active learning classrooms, examining student perceptions of these learning spaces is critical. Furthermore, it is not well understood how the type of classroom (active learning or traditional lecture) relates to students’ perceptions of collaborative learning. In this study, aviation students (N = 46) were enrolled in the same course taught in the same active-learning manner by the same professor with one section taught in an active-learning classroom and one taught in a traditional lecture classroom. Results indicated that students perceived the active-learning classroom as much better suited to collaborative learning than the traditional lecture classroom. In addition, students in the active-learning classroom reported higher-levels of perceived value of collaborative learning, both in terms of enjoyment and usefulness, than did students in the traditional lecture classroom. Implications for designing learning environments and promoting the value of active learning to students are discussed.
Supervisi Pendidikan
Authors: Zulanda Ega
Published: May 2019

Mutu pendidikan dapat ditingkatkan apabila pelaksanaan kegiatan pendidikan juga di dukung oleh pelaksanaan supervisi pendidikan yang baik dan tepat sasaran. Apabila dikaitkan dengan dunia pendidikan, mutu pendidikan akan tercapai apabila tiga komponen proses pendidikan (input, proses, dan output) dapat bekerja sesuai dengan bagiannya masing-masing. Dalam pelaksanaan supervisi pendidikan ada banyak hal yang menjadi pertimbangan dan perhatian supervisor seperti pendekatan yang tepat digunakan dalam kegiatan supervisi pendidikan dan apa saja prinsip-prinsip pelaksanaan supervisi pendidikan yang harus diperhatikan.
MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PENDIDIKAN DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA DENGAN SUPERVISI PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Amnda Viola
Published: May 2019

kualitas pendidikan di Indonesia masih tergolong rendah, salah satunya di sebabkan karena kurangnya guru yang profesional. Untuk itu, diperlukannya supervisi pendidikan dengan tujuan untuk membantu guru dalam mewujudkan tujuan pendidikan nasional agar meningkatnya kualitas pendidikan salah satunya dengan memberikan pengajaran serta bantuan teknis dan bimbingan kepada guru dan staf agar mampu meningkatkan kualitas kinerjanya, dalam melaksanakan tugas dan melaksanakan proses belajar mengajar.selain itu supervisi pendidkan membantu dalam meningkatkan kearifan kurikulum sehingga berdaya guna dan terlaksana degan baik dan membantu meningkatkan kualitas pengelolaan sekolah khususnya dalam mendukung terciptanya suasana kerja yang optimal yang selanjutnya siswa dapat mencapai prestasi belajar sebagaimana yang diharapkan.
Artikel Supervisi Pendidikan
Authors: PUTRI SRI DIANA , sabandi ahmad
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mngetahui bagaimana perkembangan pemahaman sekolah tentang teknis supervisi klinis , dan juga cara mengembangkan teknik klinis tersebut dan juga bagaimana keterampilan dalam mengajar.Penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan pndekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitiannya pengembangan. Yang jadi subjek penelitian disini adalah kepala sekolah dan beberapa orang guru. Hasil dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam pemahaman kpala sekolah terhadap studi awal trhadap supervisi klinis kurang bagus. Setelah melakukan penelitian yang berkembang dengan sangat baik barulah mampu dilaksanakan supervisi klinis secara tepat , sehingga hambatan yang terjadi dalam keterampilan belajar dapat teratasi dengan baik.Dalam meningkatkan dan mengembangkan kegiatan pembelajaran yang lebih kondusif diperlukannya adanya supervisi. Namun beberapa guru merasa takut , resah karna pada umunya supervisi bersumber pada prilaku supervisi yang akan dilkukan oleh kepala sekolah . agar dalam proses pembelajaran dapat berjalan dengan semestinya dan dapat mengurangi masalah.bahwa sama-sama kita ketahui guru merupakan komponen yang paling penting dalam pelaksanaan kegitan pendidikanKepala sekolah yang bertindak sebagai supervisor seharusnya bisa memilih dan mnggunakan supervisi sesuai dngan apa yang dibutuhkan oleh guru.dan begitu juga sebaliknya guru yang masih memiliki ketrampilan yang lemah atatu kurang dapat menggunakan dibantu dngan teknik supervisi klinis.
PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Sulfemi Wahyu Bagja
Published: May 2019

Buku Perundang-Undangan Pendidikan membekali mahasiswa agar memiliki wawasan wawasan teoritis dan praktis dalam Perundang-Undangan Pendidikan yangmencakup konsep,masalah dan prospeknya dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan di Indonesia serta kemampuandalam menganalisis dan mensikapi segala bentuk Perundang-Undangan Pendidikan diIndonesia. Adapun untuk mencapai hal itu materi yang diberikan berisi tentang; a) KonsepPerundang-Undangan Pendidikan, b) Perkembangan Historis PUUP, c) Fungsi dan HierarkiPUUP, d) Prosedur penyusunan PUUP, e) Perundang-undangan dan kebijakan pemerintah, dan f) Berbagai Peraturan Perundangan Dalam Bidang Pendidikan
STUDI KATALITIK HERBAL PEMANFAATAN TANAMAN BROTOWALI (Tinospora cordifolia) SEBAGAI OBAT PENURUN KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH (Diabetes Mellitus)
Authors: Maylina Alivia
Published: May 2019

Studi ini bertujuan untuk membuat ekstrak tanaman brotowali untuk penurun kadar glukosa darah (Diabetes Mellitus) dalam tubuh. Metode yang dilakukan adalah eksperimen dan uji katalitik secara langsung. Bagian tanaman yang diambil adalah batangnya dengan uji aktivitas langsung dilakukan dengan bervariasi seperti direbus, dan diminum secara langsung selama 7 hari. Tahapan pertama dilakukkan dengan ekstrak dari batang tanaman brotowali. Hasil eksperimen membuktikan bahwa pada ekstrak batang tanaman brotowali dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah (Diabetes Mellitus) dalam tubuh. Penyembuhan ini diduga karena adanya aktivitas katalitik ekstrak batang tanaman brotowali terhadap tubuh sehingga ekstrak daun dan batang tanaman brotowali dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa (Diabetes Mellitus).
Supervisi pendidikan pada sekolah dasar
Authors: Julfandriansyah
Published: May 2019

Supervisi pendidikan adalah segala usaha pejabat sekolah dalam memimpinguru-guru dan tenaga kependidikan lainnya, untuk memperbaiki pengajaran termasuk menstimulasi, menyeleksi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan jabatan guru-guru, menyeleksi dan merevisi tujuan-tujuan pendidikan, bahan pengajaran, dan metode-metode mengajarserta evaluasi pengajaran.Beberapa instrumen yang terkait dengan supervisi pendidikan sekolah dasar yaitu: (1) instrumen monitoring penerimaan dan orientasi siswa baru, (2) instrumen pengendali jadwal pelajaran, (3) instrumen pemantauan pelaksanaan ulanganumum bersama, (4) instrumen pemantauan pelaksanaan Ujian Nasional (UN) (5) instrumensupervisi administrasi sekolah, (6) instrumen supervisi administrasi kelas, dan (7) instrumen observasi kelas.
Non-technical skills for surgeons, the NOTSS
Authors: Shah Jay N
Published: May 2019

The cognitive and social skills are important categories of ‘nontechnical skills (NTS)’ for surgeons’ performance and is increasinglybeing appreciated and accepted widely.1 Adverse events duringhospital stay occur in up to 10-17% patients, half of which can beprevented because they occur not for the lack of knowledge,technical skills or equipment but simply due to failure of NTS.

Surgery (39.6%) and medication (15.1%) related events accounts formajority of these adverse events. Errors in  nonoperativemanagement are responsible and causes more adverse events thansurgical technique. In a review of fatal medical accidents by the Japan Medical SafetyResearch Organization categorized the events into technical skills,NTS and inevitable progress of disease. It revealed that the causesof deaths were NTS in 34 (46.6%), disease progression in 33 (45.2%)and only in 2 (5.5%) due to technical skills and 2 (5.5%)undetermined. Further analysis of NTS revealed that the causes ofdeaths in 33 (97.1%) cases were due to errors in three areassituationawareness 14 (41.2%), team work 8 (23.5%) and decisionmaking 3 (8.8%). Thus, training in certain specific subcategories ofNTS may effectively reduce adverse events.

 The NTS behavior includes ‘cognitive, social and personal skills’ thatcomplement technical skills for safe and efficient task performanceof individual and team in care of patients.5,6 The surgical NOTECHSbehavioral marker includes four categories- ‘leadership andmanagement, teamwork and cooperation, problem solving anddecision making, situation awareness among sub-team (of nurses,surgeons and anesthetists)’ and are important part of surgical skillsnecessary for surgeons and the team to become aware to managetheir situation appropriately.
Outcome of mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy ‘miniPCNL’ in children
Authors: Shrestha Samir , Maskey Pukar , Shah Jay N
Published: May 2019

Introductions: Renal stone disease is one of the common urological disorders with prevalence approximately 2-3% in the general population and the incidence in children is increasing at a rate of 4% per year. Miniaturization of endoscopic instruments, minimally invasive endoscopic procedures of mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (miniPCNL) in children is increasingly used. This study was conducted to assess the outcome of miniPCNL in pediatric population.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed the outcome of miniPCNL in children below 18 years of age from August 2015 to July 2018 at Patan Hospital, Nepal. Ethical approval was obtained. Outcome was assessed descriptively on stone localization, puncture success, stone clearance, bleeding requiring transfusion, gross hematuria, urosepsis, operative time, hospital stay, mortality and need of second procedures.

Results: A total of 26 patients underwent miniPCNL, mean age 10.8±5.45 years (1-18 years), mean operative time was 122±26.03 minutes and mean hospital stay was 3.2±1.12 days.  Postoperative transfusion was required in 1 (2.6%), gross hematuria occurred in 1 (2.6%), no urosepsis, no conversion to open surgery. Complete stone clearance was achieved in 22 (84.61%) patients.  Mortality was nil. Second procedure was required in 4 (15.38%) to achieve residual stone clearance.

Conclusions: Our study shows miniPCNL is an effective and safe procedure with minimal morbidity for the treatment of pediatric renal stones.
Malignant melanoma arising within ovarian mature cystic teratoma
Authors: Rajbhanari Aasiya , Manandhar Usha
Published: May 2019

Mature cystic teratomas are frequently encountered neoplasms of the ovary that comprise of tissues derived from all three germ layers. They are benign neoplasms with malignant transformation noted rarely in around 0.1 to 3% cases. Among the various transformations, malignant melanoma is one of the least commonly encountered. Here, we report a case of 41 years old female with malignant melanoma arising within mature cystic teratoma.
TECHNOLOGICAL AND BREAD BAKING TRAITS OF TRITICALE
Authors: Shabolkina E. N. , Anisimkina N. V. , Belyaeva M. V.
Published: May 2019

Winter triticale, carrying the genes of its parental forms, has taken both the positive properties of wheat and rye (a significant amount of protein, presence of gluten, content of biologically active aromatic substances) and negative (a large amount of soluble albumin and globulin proteins and especially high activity of amylolytic enzymes). The weather conditions during the vegetation, as well as the varietal characteristics of this grain crop are of great influence on the grain quality. Therefore, cultivation of winter triticale with high biochemical and baking properties is an important problem in the conditions of the Steppe Zavolzhie, in the zone of risky farming. The article presents the results of study conducted during 2007–2016 on the experimental plots of the Samarsky RIA. To establish an objective assessment of winter triticale quality, there was carried out a study of biochemical, technological and baking traits. Under favorable conditions for plant growth and development, winter triticale accumulates a significant percentage (18.3–18.8) of protein in kernels; forms grain with strong starch and low enzymatic activity (252–274 c of “falling number”, 300–520 a. u. of water-flour viscosity). Analysis of the baking traits of triticale has showed that it is necessary to take into account all the subtleties related to the dough process and the recipe. Due to the low gas-holding capacity and dough thinning (dilution), triticale is almost never used in its pure baking form. When 50 and 70% of triticale is added to flour, there is a significant improvement in bread quality, namely in volume and in texture, in dimensional stability and sensory characteristics (6.2 cm3/g of specific volume; 4.5 points of baking). The study results show that more attention should be paid to the varietal characteristics of winter triticale in the conditions of the Steppe Zavolzhie.
Health Care Safety Management in Modern Health Care
Authors: Voskanyan Yuriy , Shikina Irina
Published: May 2019

The article is a systematic review of the research devoted to the study of epidemiology, mechanisms of adverse events associated with the provision of medical care, as well as the principles of patient safety management. The meta-analysis allowed to establish that cases of harm in the provision of medical care (adverse events) are recorded in 10.6% of patients. At the heart of the development of adverse events are systemic causes – latent threats, the management of which is the basis of the modern strategy of ensuring the safety of medical care.
To the Problem of Increased Efficiency in Health Care Strategic Management
Authors: Dvoynikov Sergey , Arhipova Svetlana
Published: May 2019

Introduction. Modern health care is a leader in the social sector in terms of the number of public-private partnership projects. Monitoring of the implementation of strategic projects proves that the targets on the key indicators of the road map are reached. However, experts give a negative assessment
of the availability and quality of medical care.

Methods. The article describes the experience of using the balanced scorecard as an instrument for linking the key health care indicators and performance indicators of individual health facilities. Principles underlying cohesion and balance of the separate elements of the system are justified. Methods for identifying a statistically significant causal relationship between indicators are analyzed. A general model for the assessment of the attainment of the strategic goals by taking into account the three-level healthcare system is proposed.

Results. The presented details on the structure of indicators could be used by managers of health facilities for the development of their own strategies. The article concluded that further specification on the methodology of obtaining objective information to assess the success in health care strategic management is necessary.
Can Light Emitted from Smartphone Screens and Taking Selfies Cause Premature Aging and Wrinkles?
Authors: Arjmandi N , Mortazavi Gh , Zarei S , Faraz M , Mortazavi S A R
Published: May 2019

Since the early days of human life on the Earth, our skin has been exposed to different levels of light. Recently, due to inevitable consequences of modern life, humans are not exposed to adequate levels of natural light during the day but they are overexposed to relatively high levels of artificial light at night. Skin is a major target of oxidative stress and the link between aging and oxidative stress is well documented. Especially, extrinsic skin aging can be caused by oxidative stress. The widespread use of light emitting diodes (LEDs) and the rapidly increasing use of smartphones, tablets, laptops and desktop computers have led to a significant rise in the exposure of human eyes to short-wavelength visible light. Recent studies show that exposure of human skin cells to light emitted from electronic devices, even for exposures as short as 1 hour, may cause reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis, and necrosis. The biological effects of exposure to short-wavelength visible light in blue region in humans and other living organisms were among our research priorities at the Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC). Today, there is a growing concern over the safety of the light sources such as LEDs with peak emissions in the blue light range (400-490 nm). Recent studies aimed at investigating the effect of exposure to light emitted from electronic device on human skin cells, shows that even short exposures can increase the generation of reactive oxygen species. However, the biological effects of either long-term or repeated exposures are not fully known, yet. Furthermore, there are reports indicating that frequent exposure to visible light spectrum of the selfie flashes may cause skin damage and accelerated skin ageing. In this paper we have addressed the different aspects of potential effects of exposure to the light emitted from smartphones’ digital screens as well as smartphones’ photoflashes on premature aging of the human skin. Specifically, the effects of blue light on eyes and skin are discussed. Based on current knowledge, it can be suggested that changing the spectral output of LED-based smartphones’ flashes can be introduced as an effective method to reduce the adverse health effects associated with exposure to blue light.
Radiation-induced Non-targeted Effect and Carcinogenesis; Implications in Clinical Radiotherapy
Authors: Yahyapour R , Salajegheh A , Safari A , Amini P , Rezaeyan A , Amraee A , Najafi M
Published: May 2019

Bystander or non-targeted effect is known to be an interesting phenomenon in radiobiology. The genetic consequences of bystander effect on non-irradiated cells have shown that this phenomenon can be considered as one of the most important factors involved in secondary cancer after exposure to ionizing radiation. Every year, millions of people around the world undergo radiotherapy in order to cure different types of cancers. The most crucial aim of radiotherapy is to improve treatment efficiency by reducing early and late effects of exposure to clinical doses of radiation. Secondary cancer induction resulted from exposure to high doses of radiation during treatment can reduce the effectiveness of this modality for cancer treatment. The perception of carcinogenesis risk of bystander effects and factors involved in this phenomenon might help reduce secondary cancer incidence years after radiotherapy. Different modalities such as radiation LET, dose and dose rate, fractionation, types of tissue, gender of patients, etc. may be involved in carcinogenesis risk of bystander effects. Therefore, selecting an appropriate treatment modality may improve cost-effectiveness of radiation therapy as well as the quality of life in survived patients. In this review, we first focus on the carcinogenesis evidence of non-targeted effects in radiotherapy and then review physical and biological factors that may influence the risk of secondary cancer induced by this phenomenon.
Mental Models or Probabilistic Reasoning or Both
Authors: Beeson Natasha , Stupple Edward J. N. , Schofield Malcolm B. , Staples Paul
Published: May 2019

The present paper presents an overview of contemporary reasoning research to examine the evidence for and implications of the Dual Strategy Model of Reasoning. The Dual Strategy Model of Reasoning proposes that there are two types of reasoning strategy applied in deductive reasoning - counterexample and statistical. The paper considers Mental Models Theory and The Probability Heuristics Model as candidate specifications for these respective strategies and hypotheses are proposed on this basis. The Dual Strategy Model is further considered in the context of Dual Process theory, the Dual Source Model and Meta-reasoning and implications of the synergy between these proposals are considered. We finally consider the Dual Strategy Model in the context of individual differences, and normative considerations before proposing novel hypotheses and further avenues of research which we argue require exploration in this context.
Fluency and Feeling of Rightness
Authors: Wang Selina , Thompson Valerie
Published: May 2019

Feeling of Rightness (FOR) is a metacognitive experience accompanying people's intuitive answers that predicts the probability of subsequently changing answers (Thompson, Prowse Turner, & Pennycook, 2011). Previous research suggested FOR judgments are influenced by cues such as fluency, i.e., the ease with which an answer comes to mind. In the current paper, we examine the relationship between FOR, fluency, and answer changes; in particular, we were interested in whether answer fluency drives the effect of FOR on subsequent behaviours pertaining to answer changes. Reasoners (N = 64) in each of four experiments were asked to determine the validity of 32 syllogisms that consisted of single-model and multiple-model problems. In addition, each problem was randomly paired with a question containing either a high anchor value (80% or 90%) or a low anchor value (10% or 20%). In the first two experiments, reasoners then provided a FOR rating on a scale from 0 to 100 and indicated whether they would like to attempt to re-answer the question. The last two experiments served as the control experiments in which the FOR judgements were removed. The anchoring manipulation affected FOR judgments but not re-answer choices; it also did not affect answer fluency. Thus influencing FOR without affecting answer fluency had no effect on people's subsequent re-answer choices. In contrast, fluency was a reliable predictor of both FOR and re-answer choices. That is, when answers came to mind slowly, FORs were lower and people were more likely to choose to re-answer the problems. Thus, fluency appears to mediate the relationship between FOR and re-answer choices.
Performance and Metacognition in Scientific Reasoning
Authors: Valerjev Pavle , Dujmović Marin
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study was to introduce a modified version of the covariation detection task to the meta-reasoning framework. This task has been used to assess scientific reasoning through the evaluation of fictitious experiment outcomes and hypothesis testing. The traditional covariation detection task was modified to include only the magnitude versus ratio-bias. The participants' task was to evaluate the effectiveness of an experimental manipulation in a series of fictitious experiments. Experiment 1 (N = 61) consisted of twenty covariation detection tasks. In half of the tasks, normative and heuristic responses were congruent, and for the other half they were incongruent. Experiment 2 (N = 48) had the same experimental design, however, the fictitious data was modified to increase the relative strength of the normative response. After each trial participants provided a judgment of confidence. Results confirmed that the main manipulation of congruence was successful. Participants were more accurate, faster and more confident in the congruent condition. The manipulation from Experiment 2 had a larger impact on response times than on confidence judgments and accuracy. Correct responses were faster in Experiment 2 when compared to Experiment 1, with higher confidence for correct congruent responses. Analyses by response type revealed large individual differences in the relative strength of the processes which generate normative and biased responses. Participants were faster and more confident when rationalizing in favour of their dominant response while they were slower and less confident when decoupling from that dominant response. The covariation detection task provides new valuable insight into meta-reasoning processes.
Further Tests of the Metacognitive Advantage Model
Authors: Mata André
Published: May 2019

This study tested whether people have an accurate sense of how good their reasoning is, as measured by their confidence in their responses, and how good they feel after they give those responses. First, incorrect responders were unjustifiably confident in their responses. However, correct responders were even more confident, and this confidence boost was found to come from their awareness of alternative solutions that are intuitive but incorrect. An affect measure revealed the same pattern: correct responders felt better, and incorrect responders felt worse, after they solved reasoning problems, but this was only the case when post-reasoning affect was measured after participants were instructed to think of alternative solutions. Implications are discussed for the possibility of implicit error monitoring, the role of counterfactual thinking in meta-reasoning, and the use of affective measures in meta-reasoning research.
Testing of the mutagenic potential of N-(γ-aminobuturyl)-1-aza-15-crown-5 hydrochloride in Ames test microplate modification
Authors: Golovenko M. Ya. , Larionov V. B. , Basok S. S. , Reder A. S.
Published: May 2019

In recent years, studies in the field of chemical mutagenesis have undergone significant development, due to the introduction of a large number of different chemicals and scientific advances in the creation and use of new test systems, allowing a complete assessment of both mutagens themselves and their metabolites. The aim of the work was to determine possible induction of gene mutations under influence of hydrochloride N-(γ-aminobuturil)-1-aza-4,7,10,13-tetraozacyclopentadecan (TOCPD), which has nootropic, anxiolytic and anticonvulsant activity.

The ability of TOCPD to induce gene mutations was evaluated in Ames test on strains Salmonella typhimurium ТА 98 (frame shift mutations) and ТА 100 (substitution point mutations). The compound was used at concentrations of 10, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 μg/ml. Standard mutagens were 2-nitrofluoren for Salmonella typhimurium ТА 98 and sodium azide for Salmonella typhimurium ТА 100 in test without metabolic activation. In an activation variant a microsomal activating mixture was used (S9 mix). In tests with activation for both strains, 2-aminoantracene was used. The µAmes kit, Moltox (USA) and Muta-ChromoPlate kit (Canada) were used in the work. The results were evaluated by the number of wells with mutated cells with medium color changing from purple to yellow.

The obtained data showed that in the control and according to the action of corresponding mutagens, the percentage of wells with mutated cells corresponded to the standard parameters determined by protocol of the microplate test. For the action of TOCPD compound, no gene mutations were detected in both S. typhimurium ТА 98 and ТА 100 strains within the concentrations used.
STATUS KANDUNGAN SULFORAPHANE MICROGREENS TANAMAN BROKOLI (Brassica oleracea L.) PADA BERBAGAI MEDIA TANAM DENGAN PEMBERIAN AIR KELAPA SEBAGAI NUTRISI
Authors: Widiwurjani Widiwurjani , Guniarti Guniarti , Andansari Putri
Published: May 2019

Brokoli merupakan salah satu tanaman yang mengandung mengandung sulforaphane. Sulforaphane merupakan suatu senyawa antioksidan untuk mencegah penyakit kanker. Kandungan sulforaphane merupakan salah satu indikator kualitas sayuran. Sayuran dalam bentuk microgreens mempunyai kandungan nutrisi seperti folat, vitamin C, vitamin K, zat besi dan tinggi potasium (kalium), serta mengandung senyawa antioksidan seperti sulforaphane.  Microgreens merupakan produk inovasi budidaya pertanian perkotaan. Microgreens dapat dibudidayakan di lahan sempit secara vertikultur (bertingkat) dan tidak membutuhkan radiasi matahari yang terlalu banyak. Microgereens merupakan sayuran yang dipanen pada usia yang sangat muda. Pemanenan dilakukan saat  daun sejati pertama muncul dengan kotiledon sepenuhnya melebar. Microgreens tanaman brokoli ditanam di Green House Fakultas Pertanian UPN “Veteran” Jawa Timur pada bulan November-Desember 2018. Penelitian disusun menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan dua faktorial yaitu media tanam yang terdiri dari 4 level dan pemberian air kelapa terdiri dari 2 level yang menghasilkan 8 kombinasi dan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Status kandungan sulforaphane meningkat dengan adanya penambahan nutrisi dari air kelapa pada semua media tanam yang diujikan. Hasil terbaik diperoleh pada perlakuan media tanam cocopeat dengan pemberian air kelapa (M2S2).