bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inductance Formula for Square Spiral Inductors with Rectangular Conductor Cross Section
Authors: Aebischer H. A.
Published: September 2019

Planar spiral coils are used as inductors in radio frequency (RF) microelectronic integrated circuits (IC’s) and as antennas in both  radio frequency identification (RFID) and telemetry systems. They must be designed to a specified inductance. From the literature, approximate analytical formulae for the inductance of such coils with rectangular conductor cross section are known. They yield the direct current (DC) inductance, which is considered as a good approximation for inductors in RF IC’s up to the GHz range. In principle, these formulae can simplify coil design considerably. But a recent comparative study of the most cited formulae revealed that their maximum relative error is often much larger than claimed by the author, and too large to be useful in circuit design.

This paper presents a more accurate formula for the DC inductance of square planar spiral coils than was known so far. It is applicable to any design of such coils with up to  windings. Owing to its scalability, this holds irrespectively of the coil size and the inductance range. It lowers the maximum error over the whole domain of definition from so far  down to . This has been tested by the same method used in the comparative study mentioned above, where the precise reference inductances were computed with the help of the free standard software FastHenry2. A comparison to measurements is included. Moreover, the source code of a MATLAB® function to implement the formula is given in the appendix.
lncRNA TMEM51-AS1 and RUSC1-AS1 function as ceRNAs for induction of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and prediction of prognosis
Authors: Hui Lian , Wang Jing , Zhang Jialiang , Long Jin
Published: September 2019

Background

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can function as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) to interact with miRNAs to regulate target genes and promote cancer initiation and progression. The expression of lncRNAs and miRNAs can be epigenetically regulated. The goal of this study was to construct an lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and reveal their methylation patterns, which was not investigated previously.

Methods

Microarray datasets available from the Gene Expression Omnibus database were used to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs), miRNAs (DEMs), and genes (DEGs) between LSCC and controls, which were then overlapped with differentially methylated regions (DMRs). The ceRNA network was established by screening the interaction relationships between miRNAs and lncRNAs/mRNAs by corresponding databases. TCGA database was used to identify prognostic biomarkers.

Results

Five DELs (downregulated: TMEM51-AS1, SND1-IT1; upregulated: HCP5, RUSC1-AS1, LINC00324) and no DEMs were overlapped with the DMRs, but only a negative relationship occurred in the expression and methylation level of TMEM51-AS1. Five DELs could interact with 11 DEMs to regulate 242 DEGs, which was used to construct the ceRNA network, including TMEM51-AS1-miR-106b-SNX21/ TRAPPC10, LINC00324/RUSC1-AS1-miR-16-SPRY4/MICAL2/ SLC39A14, RUSC1-AS1-miR-10-SCG5 and RUSC1-AS1-miR-7-ZFP1 ceRNAs axes. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed RUSC1-AS1 and SNX21 were associated with overall survival (OS); LINC00324, miR-7 and ZFP1 correlated with recurrence-free survival (RFS); miR-16, miR-10, SCG5, SPRY4, MICAL2 and SLC39A14 were both OS and RFS-related. Furthermore, TRAPPC10 and SLC39A14 were identified as independent OS prognostic factors by multivariate Cox regression analysis.

Conclusion

DNA methylation-mediated TMEM51-AS1 and non-methylation-mediated RUSC1-AS1 may function as ceRNAs for induction of LSCC. They and their ceRNA axis genes (particularly TMEM51-AS1-miR-106b-TRAPPC10; RUSC1-AS1-miR-16-SLC39A14) may be potentially important prognostic biomarkers for LSCC.
Wedge resection is equal to segmental resection for pulmonary typical carcinoid patients at localized stage: a population-based analysis
Authors: Yan Tao , Wang Kai , Liu Jichang , Zeng Yukai , Bie Fenglong , Wang Guanghui , Du Jiajun
Published: September 2019

Background

Medical institutions worldwide have not reached a consensus on what surgery is the most advisable for pulmonary typical carcinoid (TC) patients at the localized stage. This research focuses on exploring whether wedge resection or segmental resection is the superior option.

Methods

The demographic and clinical information of 1,887 TC patients diagnosed at the localized stage from 2004 to 2015 was collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Patient prognosis was evaluated by KM curves. The chi-square test was used to examine the variation between different groups that would be eliminated by propensity score matching (PSM). Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard model analyses were used to evaluate prognostic values of relative factors.

Results

The prognosis of TC was the most favorable for patients suffering from pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), adenocarcinoma (ADC), and pulmonary carcinoids (PCs). The choice to have surgery, not the type of surgery chosen, was the most significant independent prognostic factor correlated with overall survival (OS) and lung cancer-special survival (LCSS). The prognostic result of the comparison between wedge resection and segmental resection was not statistically significant before or after PSM. In subgroup analysis, the inference still held.
Oceanographic habitat and the coral microbiomes of urban-impacted reefs
Authors: Rosales Stephanie M. , Sinigalliano Christopher , Gidley Maribeth , Jones Paul R. , Gramer Lewis J.
Published: September 2019

Coral reefs are in decline worldwide. In response to this habitat loss, there are efforts to grow, outplant, and restore corals in many regions. The physical oceanographic habitat of corals—such as sea temperature, waves, ocean currents, and available light—is spatially heterogeneous. We therefore hypothesize that outplant location may affect microbiomes, and ultimately, coral health and restoration success. We evaluated the influence of the physical oceanographic habitat on microbes in wild Porites astreoides and Siderastrea siderea. Tissue samples were collected at four Florida reefs in March, June, and September of 2015. We estimated oceanographic conditions from moored instruments, diver observations, remote sensing data, and numerical models. We analyzed microbiomes using amplicon 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing data. We found microbial alpha-diversity negatively correlated with in situ sea temperature (which represented both the annual cycle and upwelling), as well as modeled alongshore currents, in situ sea-level, and modeled tide. Microbial beta-diversity correlated positively with significant wave height and alongshore currents from models, remotely-sensed relative turbidity, and in situ temperature. We found that archaea from the order Marine Group II decrease with increases in significant wave height, suggesting that this taxon may be influenced by waves. Also, during times of high wave activity, the relative abundance of bacteria from the order Flavobacteriales increases, which may be due to resuspension and cross-shelf transport of sediments. We also found that bacteria from the order SAR86 increase in relative abundance with increased temperature, which suggests that this taxon may play a role in the coral microbiome during periods of higher temperature. Overall, we find that physical oceanographic variability correlates with the structure of these coral microbiomes in ways that could be significant to coral health.
Technical emptiability of dairy product packaging and its environmental implications in Austria
Authors: Wohner Bernhard , Schwarzinger Nicole , Gürlich Ulla , Heinrich Victoria , Tacker Manfred
Published: September 2019

Background

Food waste is a major ecological concern around the globe. While the main function of packaging is to contain and protect food, it may also lead to food waste if residues remain in a package after emptying. Such residues could be attributed to wasteful behavior of consumers, but also to properties of packaging (e.g., geometry, surface tension) and food (e.g., surface tension, viscosity).

Methods

In this study, the technical emptiability (ability of packaging to be emptied entirely) of 36 dairy products is analyzed. Firstly, the amount of food residues in packaging after emptying at room and refrigerator temperature was weighed and set in relation to the original filling quantity. Secondly, streamlined life cycle assessments (LCAs) based on the Product Environmental Footprint guidance with a functional unit of “one kg of consumed dairy product at room or refrigerator temperature in the home of the consumer” are conducted. Finally, technical emptiability was included in the streamlined LCA and attributed to the primary packaging in order to evaluate its environmental impact.

Results

Technical emptiability for both temperatures combined was found to be between 0.25% (±0.11) and 5.79% (±0.43) for the analyzed dairy products. While there were differences in emptiability results of the same product and different temperatures, no significant trend (p = 0.94) between emptiability and temperature could be observed. Liquid yogurt, cream, and buttermilk in beverage cartons and plastic bottles yielded the highest amounts, while milk in beverage cartons and glass bottles yielded the lowest amounts regarding food residues. Looking at global warming potential, poor technical emptiability of cream in a beverage carton leads to even higher environmental impacts than the production and waste management of its packaging.

Discussion

The streamlined LCA results show that food residues can contribute substantially to the footprint of packaging and can have similar or even higher environmental impacts than packaging production and waste management. Yet, emptiability is remarkably under-researched to this day. Future studies should further develop the methods presented in this paper, while LCA analysts should include technical emptiability when assessing the sustainability of packaging, particularly for those containing resource-intensive goods.
Histological changes of female reproductive organs subjected to different jumping exercise intensities and honey supplementation in rats
Authors: Mosavat Maryam , Mohamed Mahaneem , Ooi Foong Kiew , Mirsanjari Mitra , Mat Zin Anani Aila , Che Romli Aminah
Published: September 2019

Background

We assessed histopathological changes of ovaries and uterus in female rats subjected to different jumping exercise intensities combined with honey supplementation at one g/kg body weight/day.

Methods

A total of 72 rats were divided into six groups, 12 rats in each: control (C), 20 and 80 jumps (20E, 80E), honey (H), and 20 and 80 jump with honey (20EH, 80EH).

Results

The endometrium was significantly thicker in the rats in H, 20EH and 80EH groups compared to C, 20E, and 80E. The myometrium thickness was significantly lower in 80E and significantly higher in 80EH compared to C, respectively. There was significantly higher myometrium thickness in 20EH and 80EH compared to 20E and 80E and H. The number of glands of the uterus in 20E and 80E was significantly lower than C. However, there was a significantly higher number of glands in H, 20EH, and 80EH compared to 20E and 80E. The numbers of uterus vessels were significantly lower in 80E compared to 20E. However, the numbers of vessels were significantly higher in H, 20EH, and 80EH compared to 80E. The number of ovarian haemorregia was significantly lower in 20E, 80E, H, 20EH, and 80EH compared to C. The number of corpora lutea was significantly lower in 80EH, H, 80E, and 20E compared to C. However, the number of corpora lutea was significantly higher in 20EH compared to J20 and H.

Conclusion

This study suggested that jumping exercises in particularly high-intensity exercise may induce histopathological changes in uterus and ovary in rats, and honey supplementation may ameliorate these effects.
FUNDAMENTOS DA EDUCAÇÃO NÃO ESCOLAR EM UNIDADE DE INTERNAÇÃO: DILEMAS PARA O REDIRECIONAMENTO SOCIAL DE ADOLESCENTES EM CONFLITO COM A LEI
Authors: Francisco Julio Cesar
Published: September 2019

A pesquisa trata dos fundamentos da educação não escolar de socioeducadores no atendimento de adolescentes privados de liberdade em unidade de internação na região de Fortaleza – CE. Os procedimentos metodológicos pautaram-se em entrevistas e observações participantes, fazendo uso da análise de conteúdo de Bardin (2010). Os resultados da pesquisa identificaram os fundamentos da educação não escolar atrelado às tendências Tradicional e Repressivo-Reprodutivista. A primeira está associada às potencialidades herdadas naturalmente pelos indivíduos, relacionado à normas de condutas conservadoras da estrutura social. A segunda, por sua vez, é desprovida de planejamento e faz uso desproporcional de força na contenção de violência.
A PRODUÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO SOBRE A FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA PARA GESTORES ESCOLARES NO PERÍODO DE 2010 A 2015: UM OLHAR A PARTIR DO PORTAL DE TESES E DISSERTAÇÕES DA CAPES
Authors: Rodrigues Evally Solaine de Souza , Aranda Maria Alice De Miranda
Published: September 2019

Este trabalho consiste em investigar a produção de conhecimento científico no campo educacional, com o foco em pesquisas sobre políticas de formação continuada para diretores escolares da educação básica brasileira. À luz da abordagem quali-quantitativa, analisou-se resumos de teses e dissertações contidas nas bases de dados da CAPES, no período de 2010 a 2015. Para isso, recorreu-se à técnica de análise de conteúdo e revisão bibliográfica. Constatou-se a discrepância de produção acadêmica sobre a temática de uma região do país para outra, bem como a predominância de pesquisas relacionada à avaliação de políticas de formação continuada para diretores escolares.
A MATEMÁTICA DA CONFECÇÃO DE ROUPAS: DA APRENDIZAGEM SIGNIFICATIVA AO VESTIR-SE BEM
Authors: Bitencourt Agner Lopes , Felicetti Vera Lucia , Hoernig Júnior Breno Arno
Published: September 2019

Este trabalho apresenta as contribuições que um ambiente de modelagem matemática proporciona para a aprendizagem de conteúdos matemáticos. Ele foi desenvolvido com alunos do oitavo ano do ensino fundamental em uma escola pública do Rio Grande do Sul. Os modelos estudados e trabalhados correspondem à modelagem de roupas, processo que perpassa pelos conteúdos de geometria e estatística corroborados pelas medidas e grandezas. Como suporte teórico optou-se pela Aprendizagem Significativa e a Modelagem Matemática. A metodologia utilizada foi qualitativa e quantitativa. Como resultados percebeu-se maior interesse dos alunos pelos conteúdos matemáticos. A aprendizagem de conteúdos como frações, porcentagem, conceitos geométricos e estatísticos, observados tanto na elaboração dos produtos pelos alunos como nos resultados das avaliações, evidenciou-se, de fato, significativa a eles.
AS DIFERENÇAS CULTURAIS NO CONTEXTO DA AVALIAÇÃO EM LARGA ESCALA E DE DESIGUALDADE SOCIAL
Authors: Blini Bruno Amaro Queiroz , Backes José Licinio
Published: September 2019

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar como as avaliações em larga escala afetam as percepções dos professores sobre as diferenças. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas junto a oito professores de duas escolas públicas de Campo Grande (MS), sendo uma com alto IDEB e outra com baixo IDEB. Os resultados indicam que a diferença é vista como um problema e que a preocupação central das escolas é aumentar o IDEB. Com isso, adaptam-se as metodologias e a forma de avaliar, responsabilizam-se os alunos pelo mau desempenho (os diferentes, com destaque para os indígenas), prioriza-se uma formação continuada voltada ao aumento do IDEB, transferem-se os alunos (diferentes) que não se enquadram no padrão desejado e enfatizam-se os conteúdos cobrados nas avaliações externas e a forma como são cobrados.
Relationship between Financial Literacy and Its Component: A Research on Working Women
Authors: Ashaari Nur Najihah Binti , Yusof Zahayu Binti Md.
Published: September 2019

Developing countries, such as Malaysia, are in need of working women to help to improve the country's economy. Thus, it is of immense need for our economy to take into consideration the fact that where and how working women are spending or investing their funds. For appropriate utilization of funds, working women need to be financially literate. Financial literacy is the convergence of financial, credit and debt management and the knowledge that is necessary to make financially responsible decisions. This paper is conducted to assess the correlation between financial literacy and its component namely financial education, financial attitude, financial behavior and financial knowledge. Data processing of this study using a Pearson correlation coefficient and the sample size of 35 respondents which is working women in Universiti Utara Malaysia. A part from Pearson correlation coefficient, include descriptive statistics of frequency counts and percentages as a methid of data analysis employed in this study. The data are quantitatively analyzed through statistical software namely, Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) version 25.0. The result indicates that financial literacy does not have a significant relationship with financial knowledge. However financial education, financial attitude and financial behavior together have a significant relationship with financial literacy.
Comparison of Non-parametric Stability Statistics for Selecting Stable and Adapted Soybean Genotypes under Different Environments
Authors: El-Hashash E. F. , Tarek S. M. , Rehab A. A. , Tharwat M. A.
Published: September 2019

The objectives of this study were to investigate the comparison among non-parametric stability statistics and to evaluate seed yield stability of the sixteen soybean genotypes across four locations during the 2016, 2017 and 2018 growing seasons in Egypt. All trials were laid down in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The AMMI analysis showed ahighly significant effect of genotype (G), environment (E) and G x E interaction (GEI). The major contributions to treatment sum of squares were GEI, followed by G and E. The AMMI analysis also partitioned the total GEI component into eleven PCAs and Residual. The first eight PCAs were highly significant and accounted for about 99.56% of the total GEI. Based on the static and dynamic concepts, the results of spearman’s rank correlation and PCA showed that stability measures could be classified into three groups. The non-parametric stability statistics i.e., YSi, KR, TOP, RSM and δgy related to the dynamic concept and strongly correlated with mean seed soybean yield of stability. While, the other non-parametric stability statistics (Si(1) ,Si(2) ,Si(3)  and Si(6),NPi(1) ,NPi(2) ,NPi(3) and NPi(4)  , δr, MID, LOW) represented the concept of static stability, which were influenced simultaneously by both yield and stability. The non-parametric stability statistics in each the groups I, II, and III were positively and significantly correlated with each other, thus; any of these parameters could be considered as appropriate alternatives for each other. According to cluster analysis, soybean genotypes G6, G4, G8, G11, G9, G1, G7 and G2 were more stable varieties on the basis of mean seed yield and non-parametric stability statistics. In conclusion, both yield and stability should be considered simultaneously to exploit the useful effect of GEI and to make the selection of genotypes more precise and refined. Thus, the YSi, KR, TOP, RSM and δgy were more useful statistics in soybean breeding programmes and could be useful alternatives to parametric stability statistics. According to most non-parametric stability statistics, the genotypes G6 and G11 were more stable coupled with high seed yield; therefore, these genotypes might be used for genetic improvement of soybean and they must be released in studied regions and other regions in Egypt.
Electric Phenomena as a Possible Driver of Polar Snow-air Interactions: Does this Factor Act Synergistically with Photoinduced Effects?
Authors: Tkachenko E. Yu.
Published: September 2019

Processes that occur inside polar snow cover significantly affect polar atmosphere but they are still poorly understood. Most studies consider photochemistry as the dominant mechanism of chemical transformations but recent field data cannot be interpreted only by such photochemical model. A concept is proposed to consider electric phenomena that are well known to physics but their role was never analyzed by snow chemistry specialists. But there is a question on how to differentiate influences of photo effects and electric phenomena. It can be supposed that these factors are not independent.  On the contrary, they reinforce each other and act synergistically.
Modelling Carbon Emissions Efficiency from UK Higher Education Institutions Using Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors: Oloruntoba Adefarati , Oladipo Japhet Tomiwa
Published: September 2019

Aims: To correlate the energy and carbon emission efficiency relative to research income, gross internal area, and population for all the Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in the UK and to assess the comparative carbon emission efficiency of HEIs relative to economic metrics.

Study Design:  Analytical panel data study.

Place and Duration of Study: This paper evaluates the energy efficiency of 131 HEIs in the UK subdivided into Russell and non-Russell groups from 2008 to 2015.

Methodology: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Malmquist productivity indexes (MPI) are used for the efficiency calculations.

Results: The empirical results indicate that UK HEIs have relatively high energy efficiency scores of 96.9% and 77.6% (CRS) and 98.5%, 86.3% (VRS) for Russell and non-Russell groups respectively.

Conclusion: The evidence from this study reveals that HEIs are not significantly suffering from scale effects, hence, an increase in energy efficiency of these institutions is feasible with the present operating scale but would need to work on their technical improvements in energy use. Malmquist index analysis confirms the lack of substantial technological innovation, which impedes their energy efficiency and productivity gain. Findings show that pure technical efficiency accounts for the annual efficiency obtained in the DEA model, the technological progress in contrast is the source of their energy inefficiency.
Multiple functions of DYRK2 in cancer and tissue development
Authors: Yoshida Saishu , Yoshida Kiyotsugu
Published: September 2019

Dual‐specificity tyrosine‐regulated kinases (DYRKs) are evolutionarily conserved from yeast to mammals. Accumulating studies have revealed that DYRKs have important roles in regulation of the cell cycle and survival. DYRK2, a member of the class II DYRK family protein, is a key regulator of p53, and phosphorylates it at Ser46 to induce apoptosis in response to DNA damage. Moreover, recent studies have uncovered that DYRK2 regulates G1/S transition, epithelial‐mesenchymal‐transition, and stemness in human cancer cells. DYRK2 also appears to have roles in tissue development in lower eukaryotes. Thus, the elucidation of mechanisms for DYRK2 during mammalian tissue development will promote the understanding of cell differentiation, tissue homeostasis, and congenital diseases as well as cancer. In this review, we discuss the roles of DYRK2 in tumor cells. Moreover, we focus on DYRK2‐dependent developmental mechanisms in several species including fly (Drosophila), worm (Caenorhabditis elegans), zebrafish (Danio rerio), and mammals.
Typological structure in contemporary architecture made of a square plan—A study on the geometry and scale in architecture
Authors: Ohmura Takahiro , Katagiri Yuji , Iwaoka Tatsuo
Published: September 2019

The aim of this study is to clarify the typological structure and existence of regularity in contemporary architecture that is made of a square plan. The results can be summarized in the following statements:

Explication of linkage structure between the compositional elements.

Discovery of latent structures that define types.

Symmetry and Asymmetry of the compositional elements

Unity and plurality of the compositional elements.

Explication of the character of the morphological structure in consideration of size.
Feasibility of virtual starshot analysis providing submillimeter radiation isocenter accuracy: A long‐term multi‐institutional analysis
Authors: Akino Yuichi , Fujiwara Masateru , Mizuno Hirokazu , Shiomi Hiroya , Kaneko Akari , Isohashi Fumiaki , Seo Yuji , Suzuki Osamu , Otani Keisuke , Tamari Keisuke , Ogawa Kazuhiko
Published: September 2019

Purpose

We developed a technique to calculate the offset between room lasers and the radiation isocenter using a digital Winston–Lutz (WL) test with a starshot technique. We have performed isocenter localization quality assurance (QA) with submillimeter accuracy for a long period. Here we evaluated the feasibility and accuracy of this virtual starshot (VS) analysis for isocenter localization QA.

Methods

A 6‐MV photon beam with a square multileaf collimator field was used to irradiate a WL sphere positioned at the intersection of the room lasers. Images were acquired using an electronic portal imaging device. A four‐field WL test was performed, and the path of each beam was calculated from the offset between the beam and sphere. Virtual starshot analysis was used to analyze the radiation isocenter, which calculates the center of the beam paths by using a least‐squares method, similar to the starshot analysis. Then, eight coplanar and 12 noncoplanar beams were irradiated to evaluate isocenter localization accuracy.

Results

Several VS analyses, using different WL spheres, were performed at three institutions, and the calculated accuracies were within 0.1 mm at all institutions. Long‐term analysis showed that the isocenter localization accuracy was appropriately managed with three‐dimensional accuracy within ± 0.5 mm for 90 months after the first laser adjustments. The offset between each beam and the room laser was within 0.6 mm and within 1.0 mm for eight coplanar and 12 noncoplanar beams, respectively, for 90 months. Cone‐beam computed tomography images, acquired after verification beams, showed that the offset between the radiation isocenter and the imaging center was within 0.66 mm for 90 months. The isocenter localization accuracy within 1 mm was kept for long period at other four institutions.

Conclusions

Long‐term analysis showed the feasibility of VS analysis for isocenter localization QA, including room laser re‐alignment, noncoplanar irradiation verification, and image guidance accuracy.
A Force‐Engineered Lint Roller for Superclean Graphene
Authors: Sun Luzhao , Lin Li , Wang Zihao , Rui Dingran , Yu Zhiwei , Zhang Jincan , Li Yanglizhi , Liu Xiaoting , Jia Kaicheng , Wang Kexin , Zheng Liming , Deng Bing , Ma Tianbao , Kang Ning , Xu Hongqi , Novoselov Konstantin S. , Peng Hailin , Liu Zhongfan
Published: September 2019

Contamination is a major concern in surface and interface technologies. Given that graphene is a 2D monolayer material with an extremely large surface area, surface contamination may seriously degrade its intrinsic properties and strongly hinder its applicability in surface and interfacial regions. However, large‐scale and facile treatment methods for producing clean graphene films that preserve its excellent properties have not yet been achieved. Herein, an efficient postgrowth treatment method for selectively removing surface contamination to achieve a large‐area superclean graphene surface is reported. The as‐obtained superclean graphene, with surface cleanness exceeding 99%, can be transferred to dielectric substrates with significantly reduced polymer residues, yielding ultrahigh carrier mobility of 500 000 cm2 V−1 s−1 and low contact resistance of 118 Ω µm. The successful removal of contamination is enabled by the strong adhesive force of the activated‐carbon‐based lint roller on graphene contaminants.
Zero‐Thermal Quenching of Mn2+ Red Luminescence via Efficient Energy Transfer from Eu2+ in BaMgP2O7
Authors: Shi Rui , Ning Lixin , Wang Zhiqiang , Chen Jiatang , Sham Tsun‐Kong , Huang Yan , Qi Zeming , Li Cuijin , Tang Qiang , Liang Hongbin
Published: September 2019

Mn2+‐activated phosphors usually show green to red luminescence depending on the crystal field strength in the lattice. However, the severe intensity loss of Mn2+ luminescence at elevated temperatures remains to be a serious problem. Here, the observation of zero‐thermal quenching of Mn2+ red luminescence (λem = 620 nm) up to 500 K in Eu2+, Mn2+‐codoped BaMgP2O7 is reported. This phenomenon arises from an efficient energy transfer from sensitizers Eu2+ which, when singly doped, exhibits a substantial thermal‐induced enhancement of 5d→4f emission intensity at 400 nm, along with a high luminescence efficiency and a large UV light absorption capacity. The present results open up a new path to the exploration of Eu2+, Mn2+‐codoped materials for thermally stable red phosphors.
Redox Mediator: A New Strategy in Designing Cathode for Prompting Redox Process of Li–S Batteries
Authors: Wu Xian , Liu Nannan , Guan Bin , Qiu Yue , Wang Maoxu , Cheng Junhan , Tian Da , Fan Lishuang , Zhang Naiqing , Sun Kening
Published: September 2019

The multistep redox reactions of lithium–sulfur batteries involve undesirably complex transformation between sulfur and Li2S, and it is tough to spontaneously fragmentate polysulfides into shorter chains Li2S originating from the sluggish redox kinetics of soluble polysulfide intermediates, causing serious polarization and consumption of sulfur. In this work, 3,4,9,10‐perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI)/G is employed as sulfur host to accelerate the conversion process between polysulfides and sulfur, which could facilitate the process of both charging and discharging. Moreover, PTCDI has strong adsorption capacity with polysulfides to restrain shuttle effect, resulting in promotional kinetics and cycle stability. A high initial capacity of 1496 mAh g−1 at 0.05 C and slight capacity decay of 0.009% per cycle at 5 C over 1500 cycles can be achieved. Moreover, the cathode could also achieve a high energy efficiency over 85% at 0.5 C. This research extends the knowledge into an original domain for designing high‐performance host materials.
The environment contribution to gender differences in childhood obesity and organized sports engagement
Authors: Nogueira Helena , Costeira e Pereira Margarida M. , Costa Diogo , Gama Augusta , Machado‐Rodrigues Aristides , Silva Maria‐Raquel , Marques Vítor R. , Padez Cristina M.
Published: September 2019

Objective

This study aims to analyze gender‐specific associations between sports activity outside of school and obesity, observing to what extent the local built environment contributes to the patterns found.

Methods

A total of 2253 children aged 6.0‐11.0 years were assessed: 49.3% girls and 50.7% boys. Children's weight and height were measured, age and sex‐specific BMI cut‐off points were used to define normal vs overweight/obesity. Children's organized sports (OS) activity was assessed by questionnaire, and local facilities for children's engagement in OS were analyzed. Logistic regression models were computed, adjusted for confounding variables.

Results

Results showed greater overweight and obesity (25.1% vs 20.1%) and lower OS engagement (66.5% vs 73.8%) in girls as well as greater impact of OS engagement on weight status in girls (OR for having a normal weight = 1.434 in girls vs 1.043 in boys). Additionally, opportunities to engage in OS were scarce for girls.

Conclusions

The gender gap in children's weight status and OS engagement might be enhanced by an environmental mismatch that undermines girls' opportunities to play sports. There should be more opportunities for girls to engage in their favorite sports as a means to tackle the obesity epidemic and to promote gender equality.
Neonatal activity and state control differences among three squirrel monkey subspecies (Saimiri sciureus sciureus, S. boliviensis boliviensis, and S. boliviensis peruviensis)
Authors: Mulholland Michele M. , Williams Lawrence E. , Abee Christian R.
Published: September 2019

Squirrel monkeys are a long‐standing biomedical model, with multiple species and subspecies housed in research facilities. Few studies have examined the developmental differences between these subspecies, which may affect research outcomes. The primate neonatal neurobehavioral assessment was completed at 2 weeks of age with 279 dam‐reared squirrel monkeys (188 Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis, 45 S. b. peruviensis, and 46 Saimiri. sciureus sciureus). Activity, orientation to stimuli, state control, and motor maturity scores, as well as startle responses and number of vocalizations were compared across subspecies and sex using factorial analysis of covariance (ANCOVAs) controlling for birthweight. There were no differences in orientation or motor maturity scores (p > .05) among the three subspecies or between sexes; however, there were significant subspecies differences in motor activity and state control scores. Of the three subspecies, S. s. sciureus has the lowest state control and activity scores (p < .05). They also had the most exaggerated startle response/aversion to a sudden loud noise, vocalized significantly less, and were less likely to resist restraint during the assessment (p < .05). The three subspecies of squirrel monkeys did not differ in motor development and attention to external stimuli but were significantly different in state control and activity levels. Overall S. s. sciureus were less active, agitated, irritable, and easier to console compared to S. b. boliviensis and S. b. peruviensis. This supports field research on socioecology which documented different social structure and behavior in wild populations of S. s. sciureus compared to S. b. boliviensis and S. b. peruviensis.
Effects of cold weather on the sleeping behavior of Skywalker hoolock gibbons (Hoolock tianxing) in seasonal montane forest
Authors: Fei Han‐Lan , Thompson Carolyn , Fan Peng‐Fei
Published: September 2019

Considering the high energetic costs of maintaining constant body temperature, mammals must adjust their thermoregulatory behaviors in response to cold temperatures. Although primate daytime thermoregulation is relatively well studied, there is limited research in relation to nighttime strategies. To investigate how Skywalker hoolock gibbons (Hoolock tianxing) cope with the low temperatures found in montane forests, we collected sleep‐related behavior data from one group (NA) and a single female (NB) at Nankang (characterized by extensive tsaoko plantations) between July 2010 and September 2011, and one group (BB) at Banchang (relatively well‐managed reserve forest) between May 2013 and May 2015 in Mt. Gaoligong, Yunnan, China. The annual mean temperature was 13.3°C at Nankang (October 2010 to September 2011) and 13.0°C at Banchang (June 2013 to May 2015) with temperatures dropping below −2.0°C at both sites, making them the coldest known gibbon habitats. The lowest temperatures at both sites remained below 5.0°C from November to March, which we, therefore, defined as the “cold season”. The hoolock gibbons remained in their sleeping trees for longer periods during the cold season compared to the warm season. Sleeping trees found at lower elevations and closer to potential feeding trees were favored during cold seasons at both sites. In addition, the gibbons were more likely to huddle together during cold seasons. Our results suggest that cold temperatures have a significant effect on the sleeping behavior of the Skywalker hoolock gibbon, highlighting the adaptability of this threatened species in response to cold climates.
Employing Aryl‐Linked Bis‐mesoionic Carbenes as a Pincer‐Type Platform to Access Ambient‐Stable Palladium(IV) Complexes
Authors: Yan Xuechao , Wang Haiying , Guo Shuai
Published: September 2019

The study of palladium(IV) species has great implications for PdII/PdIV‐mediated catalysis. However, most of the PdIV complexes rapidly decompose under ambient conditions, which makes the isolation, characterization and further reactivity study very challenging. The reported ancillary ligand platforms to stabilize PdIV species are dominated by chelating N‐donors such as bipyridines. In this work, we present two PdIV complexes with scarcely used C‐donors as the supporting platform. The anionic aryl donor and MIC (MIC=mesoionic carbene) are combined in a [CC′C]‐type pincer framework to access a series of ambient‐stable PdIV tris(halido) complexes. Their synthesis, solid‐state structures, stability, and reactivity are presented. To the best of our knowledge, the work presented herein reports the first isolated PdIV–MIC as well as the first PdIV carbene‐based aryl pincer.
Effect of rheology and humic acids on the transport of environmental fluids: Potential implications for soil remediation revealed through microfluidics
Authors: Siwik Amanda , Pensini Erica , Rodriguez Braulio Macias , Marangoni Alejandro G. , Collier Christopher M. , Sleep Brent
Published: September 2019

This study investigated the potential effect of shear rheology and humic acids (HA) on the subsurface transport of polymeric fluids used for the remediation of contaminants. Polymeric fluids were prepared with guar, scleroglucan, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Guar fluids can be used to suspend reactive particles for contaminant degradation. Fluids prepared with 2.5 g/L of guar in water were viscous, and the crosslinker borax (1 g/L) made them viscoelastic. Microfluidics experiments showed that the increase in elasticity blocked the flow of guar in 350 μm channels. Guar, CMC, or scleroglucan fluids containing sodium thiosulfate can be used to trap toxic Cr(VI) in the subsurface and reduce it to harmless Cr(III). Trapping of Cr(VI) is achieved by the gelation of the fluids upon contact with chromium. Before mixing with chromium, HA did not affect the flow of CMC, guar, and scleroglucan in microfluidic channels. Quartz‐crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring experiments indicates that HA reduced sorption of guar onto silica, potentially promoting the transport of guar fluids in sandy aquifers. While HA slightly decreased the rate of gelation of CMC and scleroglucan upon contact with chromium, it did not affect the fast gelation rate of guar. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48465.
Chitosan in Surface Modification for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Abinaya Balakrishnan , Prasith Tandiakkal Prakash , Ashwin Badrinath , Viji Chandran Syamala , Selvamurugan Nagarajan
Published: September 2019

Traditional methods of bone defect repair include autografts, allografts, surgical reconstruction, and metal implants that have several disadvantages such as donor site morbidity, rejection, risk of disease transmission, and repetitive surgery. Biomaterial‐based bone reconstructions can, therefore, be an efficient alternative due to the inherent properties of the materials. Chitosan (CS), the deacetylated form of chitin, is a biopolymer having a wide array of applicability in regenerative tissue applications owing to its biocompatible, in vitro degradative and bioresorbable nature. Extensive studies are being carried out using CS to augment the properties of the already existing methods and to also improve the applicability of CS‐based biocomposites in bone tissue repair. In this review, the suitability of CS as a surface modifier has been discussed in detail for the already existing implants, surface modifications of CS‐based natural biocomposites for bone tissue regeneration, and the wide range of techniques that can introduce these modifications. CS, being a natural polymer, possesses advantageous properties including surface modifier that makes it a suitable candidate for bone regeneration, and further research to investigate its osteogenic potential in vivo along with the molecular and signaling mechanisms involved in bone regeneration can aid in expanding its applicability in clinical trials.
Genome‐scale model of Rhodotorula toruloides metabolism
Authors: Tiukova Ievgeniia A. , Prigent Sylvain , Nielsen Jens , Sandgren Mats , Kerkhoven Eduard J.
Published: September 2019

The basidiomycete red yeast Rhodotorula toruloides is a promising platform organism for production of biooils. We present rhto‐GEM, the first genome‐scale model (GEM) of R. toruloides metabolism, that was largely reconstructed using RAVEN toolbox. The model includes 852 genes, 2,731 reactions, and 2,277 metabolites, while lipid metabolism is described using the SLIMEr formalism allowing direct integration of lipid class and acyl chain experimental distribution data. The simulation results confirmed that the R. toruloides model provides valid growth predictions on glucose, xylose, and glycerol, while prediction of genetic engineering targets to increase production of linolenic acid, triacylglycerols, and carotenoids identified genes—some of which have previously been engineered to successfully increase production. This renders rtho‐GEM valuable for future studies to improve the production of other oleochemicals of industrial relevance including value‐added fatty acids and carotenoids, in addition to facilitate system‐wide omics‐data analysis in R. toruloides. Expanding the portfolio of GEMs for lipid‐accumulating fungi contributes to both understanding of metabolic mechanisms of the oleaginous phenotype but also uncover particularities of the lipid production machinery in R. toruloides.
Dual‐chambered membrane bioreactor for coculture of stratified cell populations
Authors: Navarro Javier , Swayambunathan Jay , Janes Morgan Elizabeth , Santoro Marco , Mikos Antonios G. , Fisher John P.
Published: September 2019

We have developed a dual‐chambered bioreactor (DCB) that incorporates a membrane to study stratified 3D cell populations for skin tissue engineering. The DCB provides adjacent flow lines within a common chamber; the inclusion of the membrane regulates flow layering or mixing, which can be exploited to produce layers or gradients of cell populations in the scaffolds. Computational modeling and experimental assays were used to study the transport phenomena within the bioreactor. Molecular transport across the membrane was defined by a balance of convection and diffusion; the symmetry of the system was proven by its bulk convection stability, while the movement of molecules from one flow line to the other is governed by coupled convection‐diffusion. This balance allowed the perfusion of two different fluids, with the membrane defining the mixing degree between the two. The bioreactor sustained two adjacent cell populations for 28 days, and was used to induce indirect adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells due to molecular cross‐talk between the populations. We successfully developed a platform that can study the dermis–hypodermis complex to address limitations in skin tissue engineering. Furthermore, the DCB can be used for other multilayered tissues or the study of communication pathways between cell populations.
A Discrete Molecule and a 1D Coordination Polymer of Cadmium(II): Preparation, Structures, and Properties of [Cd(L1)2(NO3)2(CH3OH)] and {[Cd(L2)(CH3COO)2]·(CH3OH)}∞ (L1 = (4‐Py)–CH=N–C10H6–NH2; L2 = (3‐Py)–CH=N–C10H6–N=CH–(3‐Py))
Authors: Ryu Jihwan , Lee Gang Min , Lee Soon W.
Published: September 2019

An asymmetric ligand, (4‐py)–CH=N–C10H6–NH2 (L1), was prepared from 4‐pyridinecarboxaldehyde and 1,5‐diaminonaphthalene. The ligand L1 reacted with Cd(NO3)2·4H2O in methanol to give a discrete molecular complex, [Cd(L1)2(NO3)2(CH3OH)] (1). In addition, a 1D cadmium coordination polymer possessing a methanol molecule, {[Cd(L2)(CH3COO)2]·(CH3OH)}∞ (2), was prepared from a symmetric ligand (L2 = (3‐py)–CH=N–C10H6–N=CH–(3‐py)) and Cd(OAc)2·2H2O.
Automatic generation of fill‐in‐the‐blank question with corpus‐based distractors for e‐assessment to enhance learning
Authors: Das Bidyut , Majumder Mukta , Phadikar Santanu , Sekh Arif Ahmed
Published: September 2019

Knowledge acquisition is the prime objective of a learner from an educational system and evaluating the learner's knowledge is the eventual goal of an examination process. This paper introduces a system which is able to produce fill‐in‐the‐blank questions to test the knowledge of a learner that he or she has accumulated after reading a course material. The question generation task is subdivided into three modules: sentence selection, answer‐key identification, and question formation along with distractor generation. The sentence is selected using a coarse‐grain part‐of‐speech tagset. The answer‐key is extracted by identifying topic‐word in the sentence and question is formed by omitting this topic‐word from the sentence. This paper also highlights an efficient corpus‐based distractor generation technique to produce multiple‐choice fill‐in‐the‐blank test items.
Genomic stratification beyond Ras/B‐Raf in colorectal liver metastasis patients treated with hepatic arterial infusion
Authors: Smith J. Joshua , Chatila Walid K. , Sanchez‐Vega Francisco , Datta Jashodeep , Connell Louise C. , Szeglin Bryan C. , Basunia Azfar , Boucher Taryn M. , Hauser Haley , Wasserman Isaac , Wu Chao , Cercek Andrea , Hechtman Jaclyn F. , Madden Chris , Jarnagin William R. , Garcia‐Aguilar Julio , D'Angelica Michael I. , Yaeger Rona , Schultz Nikolaus , Kemeny Nancy E.
Published: September 2019

Background

Resection of colorectal liver metastases (CLM) can cure disease, but many patients with extensive disease cannot be fully resected and others recur following surgery. Hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) chemotherapy can convert extensive liver disease to a resectable state or decrease recurrence risk, but response varies and no biomarkers currently exist to identify patients most likely to benefit.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study of CLM patients receiving HAI chemotherapy whose tumors underwent MSK‐IMPACT sequencing. The frequency of oncogenic alterations and their association with overall survival (OS) and objective response rate were analyzed at the individual gene and signaling pathway levels.

Results

Three hundred and seventy patients met inclusion criteria: 189 (51.1%) who underwent colorectal liver metastasectomy followed by HAI + systemic therapy (Adjuvant cohort), and 181 (48.9%) with unresectable CLM (Metastatic cohort) who received HAI + systemic therapy, consisting of 63 (34.8%) with extrahepatic disease and 118 (65.2%) with liver‐restricted disease. Genomic alterations were similar in each cohort, and no individual gene or pathway was significantly associated with objective response. Patients in the adjuvant cohort with concurrent Ras/B‐Raf alteration and SMAD4 inactivation had worse prognosis while in the metastatic cohort patients with co‐alteration of Ras/B‐Raf and TP53 had worse OS. Similar findings were observed in a validation cohort.

Conclusions

Concurrently altered Ras/B‐Raf and SMAD4 mutations were associated with worse survival in resectable patients, while concurrent Ras/B‐Raf and TP53 alterations were associated with worse survival in unresectable patients. The mutual exclusivity of Ras/B‐Raf, SMAD4, and TP53 may have prognostic value for CLM patients receiving HAI.