bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Safety of Switching from Tafluprost to a Tafluprost/Timolol Fixed Combination in Patients With Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Inoue Kenji , Ueda Takeaki , Ishida Kyoko , Tomita Goji
Published: July 2018

Background:

The Tafluprost/Timolol Fixed Combination (TTFC) has demonstrated efficacy and safety in reducing Intraocular Pressure (IOP). However, direct comparisons of switching from tafluprost to TTFC are limited.

Objective:

To investigate the efficacy and safety of switching from tafluprost to TTFC in patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG).

Methods:

Thirty-four eyes (34 patients) with POAG that did not achieve adequate IOP reduction on tafluprost were switched to TTFC with no washout period. IOP, systolic/diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate were measured 1 and 3 months later and compared with baseline values. All participants were asked about specific adverse reactions after 1 and 3 months of treatment. Patients also completed a questionnaire about preference and adherence after 1 month of treatment.

Results:

Mean IOP after 1 and 3 months was significantly lower than at baseline (14.2 ± 2.1 mmHg and 14.1 ± 2.3 mmHg, respectively, vs 16.0 ± 2.0 mmHg, P < 0.0001). Systolic/diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate were not significantly different from baseline after 1 and 3 months. The questionnaire indicated that the frequency of missing a dose was not different before (27.3%) or after (18.2%) switching to TTFC (P = 0.2371). There were five reports of adverse reactions (14.7%), including a corneal epithelium disorder, ocular irritation, skin irritation at the wrist, and chest pain. Two patients (5.9%) withdrew because of adverse reactions.

Conclusion:

Switching from tafluprost to TTFC achieved IOP control safely and was well accepted by patients.
¿Los nanomateriales pueden causar neurotoxicidad?
Authors: Jiménez-Barrios Natalie , Chirino Yolanda I.
Published: July 2018

La nanotecnología se centra en el uso de nanomateriales manufacturados que se emplean en el área médica, robótica, electrónica, mecánica y alimenticia, entre muchas otras. Dichos nanomateriales están compuestos de nanopartículas que tienen un tamaño de 1 a 100 nm de diámetro. Debido a dicho tamaño, si se inhalan, por ejemplo en las industrias en donde se manufacturan o procesan, pueden depositarse en el tracto respiratorio y translocarse a torrente sanguíneo y posteriormente ser depositados en diferentes tejidos. Algunos alimentos o empaques que contienen nanopartículas también pueden ser una fuente de exposición y por vía oral, también pueden alcanzar torrente sanguíneo, lo cual genera la preocupación de que puedan cruzar la barrera hematoencefálica y ser depositadas en cerebro. Existen además algunos nanomateriales que se usan en aplicaciones biomédicas para liberar fármacos directamente en cerebro o generar imágenes para determinar si hay lesiones asociadas a traumas o enfermedades. Otra de las preocupaciones es que muchas nanopartículas no se degradan, por lo que se desconoce cuánto tiempo podrían permanecer en los tejidos en donde se internalizan. Específicamente, si las nanopartículas llegan a cerebro pueden causar alteraciones en diferentes zonas que afectarían funciones motoras, la memoria, el aprendizaje, entre otras. Además, debido a que una vez que se depositan en un tejido causan inflamación entre otras alteraciones, podrían también promover procesos patológicos o exacerbar enfermedades neurodegenerativas. En este artículo, explicamos a) qué son los nanomateriales, b) cómo estamos expuestos a ellos, c) cuáles son sus aplicaciones, d) cómo podrían causar daño si se depositan en cerebro, y e) cuáles son las evidencias que sustentan que podrían causar daño. Finalmente sugerimos algunas consideraciones para el diseño y estudio de los efectos de nanomateriales en sistema nervioso central.
Problem-based learning: Creative thinking skills, problem-solving skills, and learning outcome of seventh grade students
Authors: Khoiriyah Anna Jarrotul , Husamah Husamah
Published: July 2018

Creative thinking skills and problem-solving skills were among the competencies that must be possessed by students in the 21st-century, which need to be developed through the learning process, and are still teacher challenge to date. This study aims to improve creative thinking skills, problem-solving skills, and learning outcomes of seventh-grade students by problem-based learning (PBL). This class action research was conducted at State Junior High School 18 of Malang. The subjects was students’ class VIIE. The study was conducted two cycles (repeated seven times). Each cycle referring to Spiral Model by Kemmis, McTaggart, and Nixon. The problem-solving skills data were obtained from student worksheet assessment, the creative thinking skills data were obtained from performance grading rubric and learning outcomes data were obtained from end-of-cycle essay test. The results shows that PBL improves (1) the average of problem solving skills of 27% with the completion rate of 47%,(2) the average of creative thinking skills of 11% with the completion rate of 17.5%, and  (3) the average learning outcomes of 13% with the completion rate of 15%. It can concluded that teachers can implement PBL to improve students’ creative thinking skills, problem-solving skills, and learning outcomes.
Manifestaciones extrahepáticas de la infección por el virus de la Hepatitis B
Authors: Penagos Laura , Calle Luisa , Santos Óscar
Published: July 2018

La hepatitis crónica, la cirrosis hepática y el carcinoma hepatocelular son las manifestaciones clásicas de la infección crónica por hepatitis B, pero hasta el 20% de los pacientes se presentan con manifestaciones extra- hepáticas de la infección. Las principales afecciones extrahepáticas son la poliarteritis nodosa y la enferme- dad glomerular; sin embargo, los pacientes pueden consultar con manifestaciones cutáneas, reumatológicas, hematológicas y neurológicas. En este artículo presentamos el caso de una mujer con hepatitis B crónica, quien debutó con una exacerbación/flare acompañada de vasculitis leucocitoclástica y artritis. Los clínicos debemos estar atentos a la presentación extrahepática de la hepatitis B, ya que esta puede asociarse con complicaciones severas y además requerir tratamiento antiviral independiente de la indicación de tratamiento por su enfermedad hepática.
Impacto del sistema OLGA en la detección de gastritis crónica atrófica en Colombia: un estudio de casos y controles
Authors: Martínez Diana , Otero William , Ricaurte Orlando
Published: July 2018

Introducción: la gastritis crónica atrófica (GCA) es una entidad clinicopatológica relacionada con cáncer gás- trico (CG) de tipo intestinal. Su principal causa es Helicobacter pylori. Actualmente, además del diagnóstico, se recomienda evaluar la extensión de la atrofia o de la metaplasia intestinal, para estadificar el riesgo de CG. El método más preciso para la atrofia es el OLGA, que exige 5 biopsias: 2 del cuerpo, 2 del antro y 1 de la in- cisura angularis, marcadas y enviadas en frascos separados. En Colombia, no se ha evaluado el rendimiento de OLGA en el estudio de la atrofia gástrica. Materiales y métodos: estudio de casos y controles. Los casos son pacientes en quienes se hizo el muestreo de biopsias para el OLGA. Los controles pacientes con menos de 5 biopsias gástricas, sin el muestreo del OLGA. Resultados: 1599 casos y 4191 controles. Edad promedio de los casos: 49±12 años versus controles 54±10 años (p: NS). H. pylori: 60% versus 57%. GCA en casos: 42% versus 26%. El 12,3% tenía OLGA III/IV y el 88%, OLGA 0, I o II, los cuales no ameritarían vigilancia endoscópica. Conclusión: el sistema OLGA permite detectar un 61,8% más de atrofia que la detectada con un muestreo insuficiente de biopsias gástricas. La mayoría de los casos (88%) tuvo bajo riesgo de CG (estado 0-II) y no se justificaría vigilancia endoscópica.
Coevolución genética Homo sapiens-Helicobacter pylori y sus implicaciones en el desarrollo del cáncer gástrico: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Guevara Alix Andrea , Suárez John Jairo , Criollo Angel , Bohórquez Mabel Elena , Echeverry de Polanco María Magdalena
Published: July 2018

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), clasificada como carcinógeno tipo I para cáncer gástrico (CG), ha acompañado al hombre al menos desde hace 116 000 años. Los conocimientos de las fuerzas evolutivas que modulan el rol de esta bacteria en el desarrollo del espectro de enfermedades gástricas son aún escasos. Esta revisión sistemática recopila artículos que reportan un proceso de coevolución, relacionan los componentes ances- trales huésped-hospedero y describen mecanismos adaptativos de H. pylori al entorno gástrico humano, con el fin de comprender si el proceso de coevolución modula la patogenicidad de la bacteria y el desarrollo de enfermedades gástricas. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en las bases de datos electrónicas: MEDLINE (OvidSP), Scopus (ScienceDirect), Scielo y Tree of Science (ToS); términos de búsqueda: “stomach”, “can- cer”, “neoplasms”, “ethinicity”, “evolution”, “genetics”, “ancestry” y “Helicobacter pylori”. Idiomas: inglés y es- pañol. Los datos fueron filtrados por un revisor utilizando un formulario estándar de extracción y ulteriormente revisados por otro. El riesgo de sesgo y la calidad metodológica de los estudios fueron evaluadas con el programa: Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). Del total de 1584 estudios, 36 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Los factores más relevantes en el desarrollo del espectro de enfermedades asociadas con la infección por H. pylori son: la disrupción en el proceso de coevolución entre la bacteria y su huésped humano –por la transferencia horizontal de segmentos de genes que no han evolucionado con sus anfitriones–; las sustituciones de aminoácidos; la fijación y la selección positiva principalmente en las regiones hipervariables.
Colitis ulcerativa grave en paciente con infección por virus de inmunodeficiencia humana: reporte de caso
Authors: Mendoza Yuly , Ponce de León Enrique , Hernández Geovanny , Beltrán Oscar , Varón Adriana , Garzón Martín , Ceballos Jorge
Published: July 2018

Se presenta el caso de un paciente con colitis ulcerativa (CU) grave de nueva aparición y diagnóstico simultáneo de infección por virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). Dos enfermedades inmunológica y fisiopatológi- camente opuestas, que raramente se asocian. Incluso se plantea que en la infección por VIH, la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) puede ser menos agresiva. El diagnóstico se convierte en un reto, dado el espectro de enfermedades que pueden afectar el colón en el contexto de infección por VIH. Asimismo, el tratamiento es controversial teniendo en cuenta que el uso de inmunomoduladores o biológicos bloquean otro componente del sistema inmune que podría potenciar el estado de inmunosupresión en este grupo de pacientes. La historia natural, el tratamiento y el pronóstico, continúan siendo un desafío para la evidencia actual.
Enfermedad diarreica aguda en pacientes con nutrición enteral en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos: serie de casos
Authors: Prieto Robin , Navas Angela , Mendivelso Fredy
Published: July 2018

La administración de nutrición enteral (NE) se menciona de modo frecuente como causa de aparición de diarrea en el paciente en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI), por lo cual existe la tendencia a disminuir su aporte o incluso suspenderla, conducta que en muchas ocasiones causa un retraso en la recuperación nutricional del paciente, incrementando además el riesgo de infecciones asociadas. Realizamos un estudio descriptivo de serie de casos, realizado en la UCI de la Clínica Reina Sofía entre los meses de julio y octubre de 2015, siendo el principal criterio de inclusión la aparición de diarrea en pacientes a quienes se les inició NE en la UCI. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante distribuciones de frecuencias absolutas y relativas expresadas en porcentajes. En variables cuantitativas se utilizaron medidas de tendencia central (promedio y mediana) y medidas de dispersión (rango y desviación estándar). La nor- malidad se analizó con el estadístico de Shapiro-Wilks. Hay que agregar que durante el período de estudio se identificaron siete pacientes con NE y episodios de EDA. La edad promedio de los pacientes incluidos fue de 73 años. Sin embargo, en ninguno de los casos se pudo establecer una relación directa entre los episodios de EDA y la administración de nutrición enteral.
Perceptions of Teachers about the Role of Parents in Developing Reading Habits of Children to Improve their Academic Performance in Schools
Authors: Bano Jamila , Jabeen Zahra , Qutoshi Sadruddin Bahadur
Published: July 2018

 This study aimed to explore teachers’ perceptions about parental role in developing reading habits of children to improve their academic achievement. The study was conducted in one of the private schools of Gilgit city situated in the Northern part of Pakistan. Using a case study approach to research within the qualitative design, semi-structured interviews were used for data collection, which enabled the researchers in capturing qualitative experiences, opinions, beliefs and perceptions of purposefully selected research participants. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis approach and emerging themes were represented in the form of figures to provide a clear understanding. The study confirmed that reading habits, for example, out of school reading and reading for pleasure, have influenced academic performance and parental role is pivotal in developing children’s interest in reading because healthy reading activities can help them to develop critical thinking and analytic skills. This could also develop their vocabulary to a great extent. Consequently, children exhibit improvement in their overall academic performance. The findings confirmed that if parents focused on reading improvement of their children in early ages, they could better develop reading as a routine activity. The study recommended that parents should play an active role in developing attitude towards reading by providing reading materials and creating a reading friendly environment at home.
An Attitudinal Study of English as a Foreign Language in Sukkur Sindh Pakistan
Authors: Soomro Ashfaque Hussain , Bango Zaheer Ahmed , Mahesar Imran Khan
Published: July 2018

Foreign language learning is a complex process and is influenced by various factors. The attitude of students towards language learning is a major decisive factor in this process; therefore, the current study was carried out to explore this phenomenon. The students of English Works Program Sukkur, Sindh, Pakistan were the target population for the current study. The said program was initiated by a Karachi based organization which enrolled fifty students for a 240 hours certificate course in English language. The students already had some formal education ranging from Intermediate to Masters level and belonged to different age groups. The aim of this quantitative study was to investigate their language learning attitudes from three aspects: behavioral, cognitive and emotional. For data collection purposes, a questionnaire comprising 30 closed-ended items was adapted from Eshghinejad, (2016), Boonrangsri, Chuaymankhong, Rermyindee, & Vongchittpinyo, (2004) and Gardner (1985). This was followed by descriptive and inferential statistical analysis by using independent sample t-test (SPSS-22). The results show that the students have positive attitudes towards learning English as a foreign language.

 
Iqbal’s Inferences from the Qur’an: Educational Objectives for Developing an Individual for Serving Millat
Authors: Ali Muhammad Abid , Hussien Suhailah
Published: July 2018

This is the second part of my article published in JoEED, Vol.4, Issue 2, on Iqbal’s educational aims and objectives. In the first part the thrust was on the development of an individual self as a Muslim and the second part caters for Iqbal’s recommendations on how this individual can be developed as an effective instrument for serving the Islamic society and the Ummah. As mentioned in the first part, Pakistan lacks an education system to match the ideological needs of a Muslim society. The need to revive the grand narrative of the golden age of the Islamic world is currently being felt with great intensity. Iqbal being the ideologue of Pakistan has given us sufficient guidelines to draw our education system on the precepts of Islam. While Iqbal’s Persian anthology Asrar-i-Khudi narrates on how to develop an Islamic individual, his second anthology Ramuz-i-Bikhudi deals with how to develop this individual self as an effective member of the Islamic society. In this research qualitative content analysis of Ramuz-i- Bikhudi was carried out under the supervision of a celebrated expert on Iqbal and educational aims, objectives were derived for this purpose. It is sufficient to note that at the end of this anthology, Iqbal vows that his recommendations comply completely with the teachings of the holy Qur’an. The end objective of Iqbal was to prepare an individual who is an effective human being.
The p-spectral radius of the Laplacian matrix
Authors: Borba Elizandro , Fritscher Eliseu , Hoppen Carlos , Richter Sebastian
Published: July 2018

The p-spectral radius of a graph G=(V,E) with adjacency matrix A is defined as ?(p)(G) = max||x||p=1 xT Ax. This parameter shows connections with
graph invariants, and has been used to generalize some extremal problems. In
this work, we define the p-spectral radius of the Laplacian matrix L as
?(p)(G) = max||x||p=1 xT Lx. We show that ?(p)(G) relates to invariants such
as maximum degree and size of a maximum cut. We also show properties of
?(p)(G) as a function of p, and a upper bound on maxG: |V(G)|=n ?(p)(G) in
terms of n = |V| for p > 2, which is attained if n is even.
Modeling and simulation of the desulfurization of a sour gas streams by adsorption: Influence of the isotherm model
Authors: dos Santos , de Lima , de Lobato , Moraes Caetano , Baptista Severo , dos Santos
Published: July 2018

The presence of elemental sulfur (S8) in natural gas streams has caused several problems at the delivery points, one of the most recurrent being the deposit of "yellow powder" in the pilots of pressure control valves. The presence of H2S in the natural gas stream may serve as the source for the S8 and/or increase the solubility thereof in the gas. Studies have shown that adsorption control mechanisms are more attractive for use in pipelines to control S8 deposition. In this study, computational simulations were performed in the software COMSOL Multiphysics, using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique and 13X zeolite as adsorbent. The isotherm models of Langmuir, BET, Freundlich, Toth and Sips were tested in the modeling and simulation and the results obtained showed that the isotherm models presented the following decreasing order of precision in relation to the experimental results: Sips = = Freundlich > Toth > Langmuir > BET. In addition, it was possible to verify that the variation of the coefficient of axial dispersion significantly influences the size of the mass transfer zone.
Comparison of Cubic-Plus-Association and Soave-Redlich-Kwong equations of state for prediction of vapor-liquid equilibrium of Fischer-Tropsch reaction mixture
Authors: Zivanic Ljiljana , Stamenic Marko , Todic Branislav , Bukur Dragomir , Nikacevic Nikola
Published: July 2018

Predictions of vapor liquid equilibrium for Fischer-Tropsch mixtures were compared using the classical Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) and cubic-plus-association (CPA) equations of state. The performance of the two equations of state was evaluated based on comparison with results from eight sets of experimental runs in which different process conditions (pressure, reactants feed ratio, space velocity) were used. Flash calculations were used to determine the phase split at defined process conditions, whereas the phase equilibrium was defined utilizing the concept of equal fugacities in the vapor and the liquid phase for all components. A total of 75 components were considered in the reaction mixture: CO, H2, H2O, CO2, C1-C57 paraffins and C2-C15 olefins. All calculations were performed in MATLAB. The results showed that both equations of state had similar performance regarding the hydrocarbons, whereas CPA gave better results with inorganic components and SRK with prediction of the composition of the liquid phase. Computational time for CPA was substantially (100 times with the CPU used) higher than that for SRK. Overall, the use of CPA did not improve VLE prediction for FTS systems significantly enough to be recommended for use in FTS reactor models.
Trends in Research and Development Investment of Transnational Corporations Broken Down by Sector
Authors: Odrobina Anna
Published: July 2018

The article aims to identify trends in R&D activities of transnational corporations in 25 sectors. The analysis covered the top 1000 TNCs in terms of R&D investment in 2003–2015. The investigation confirmed the existence of varying trends between sectors, despite the overall marked increase in R&D investment. The study also determined the characteristics of geographical locations of the top five sectors, strongly dominated by US TNCs. In addition, four groups of sectors were identified depending on the R&D trends observed in the period under analysis.
Brexit: Benefits and Costs for the United Kingdom – Reflections for Observers in Europe
Authors: Żukowski Marian , Nowakowska Monika
Published: July 2018

The withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the EU structures creates a new chapter in the history of the European integration. For the first time, after several decades of steady and secure functioning of the EU, a split occurs. Lofty ideas about creation of strong, coherent, wealthier and safer Europe lose in the competition with economic indicators and the national interest of the United Kingdom. Brexit is an expression of the negative evaluation of the EU functioning by the British society. This opinion is grounded in difficulties of the EU with solving current economic, social and political problems of contemporary Europe, as well as in decreased cooperation among member states. The following most important reasons for Brexit should be mentioned: the uncontrolled inflow of immigrants, increased terror threat, loss of economic independence and national identity. It is also worth noticing the successful actions of right-wing politicians who used the situation to build their own vision of the state. Consequences of Brexit shall affect both the United Kingdom and the EU member states but also non-EU countries. They shall have political, economic and social dimensions. However, at the current stage of the negotiations, it is difficult to predict all effects of the decisions taken. According to analysts, the UK shall incur financial losses, competitiveness of economy will decline, GDP will go down, political relations with neighbour states will deteriorate. Brexit shall affect particularly these states which are close trade partners of the United Kingdom. Loss of the UK as one of the economic pillars of the EU shall influence the economic situation of the entire European Union. Brexit is also a crack in the EU image as an organization cherishing the values of solidarity and humanism. Individual interests of particular member states can be a contagious example.
CSR in automotive sector - leaders or deceivers? The case of Audi AG
Authors: Witkowski Krzysztof , Kurowski Mateusz , Lesicki Dariusz
Published: July 2018

Car production is a kind of activity that affects environment, society and global economy to a large degree. The most negative impact can be observed in the first of mentioned fields. Every day automotive companies consume big amount of energy and resources. What is more, their final products are considered as one of the main pollution sources. Nevertheless many car producers made effort to minimize negative external effects of their businesses. Year by year various CSR classifications and rankings showed that those efforts were resultful but Volkswagen emissions scandal and anti-diesel lobby shed new light on car industry in the terms of CSR. The aim of the article is to review CSR activities undertaken by Audi AG. Literature review and report analysis performed within the case study shows that the company is active in the field of ecology, society and corporate governance. In many terms Audi AG can be considered as the one of global CSR leaders. It is characterized by wide range of long term initiatives, high employee satisfaction and constant dialogue with stakeholders. On the other hand Audi AG can not be seen as a responsible company in the light of misleading customers to raise sales volume.
Cultural Determinants and Perspectives of International Expansion of Enterprises from Economies in Transition
Authors: Gowers Robin , Pająk Anna , Klusa Edgar
Published: July 2018

Within this article the authors attempt identify and analyze the key cultural success factors for companies when developing strategies to move out of their home market.  Such strategies can often involve significant cost and risk.  However, many companies fail due to overlooking the cultural aspects of entering new arenas.  The approach used in the article analyzes culture in the wider perspective, from the individual to the national dimensions, looking for the important roots in the historical and institutional backgrounds that need to be considered when developing strategies.  A focus on Polish companies is then developed.  Poland, representing a post-transition economy, is an interesting case study in the context of cultural and social factors in internationalization, especially in the light of important ongoing transitions on the global scene.
Import Dependency of Exports as a Cause of Current Account Deficit
Authors: Terzioglu Nalan , Subasat Turan
Published: July 2018

The rapid increase in import dependency of exports and current account imbalances in many countries over the last two decades led many researchers to argue that they may be correlated and the increase in IDE may be the main cause of current account imbalances. This argument is important because historical evidence suggests that large and persistent current account imbalances often lead to subsequent corrective crisis. If the increase in IDE is a major cause of current account imbalances, reducing it becomes an important policy option to prevent further crisis. While there is a large literature on both global value chains (the main cause of IDE) and current account imbalances, the literature that investigates the link between them is very new and limited. This paper aims to contribute to this limited literature.
An Estimate of the Impacts of the Bank of England’s Quantitative Easing Programme on UK Economic Growth
Authors: Bukowski Sławomir I. , Gowers Robin
Published: July 2018

This paper reviews the reasons for and impacts of quantitative easing by the Bank of England.  It analyses the macroeconomic impacts of this policy tool on the UK economy across the period 2008-16.  It compares the impacts of each round of quantitative easing to assess how the impacts changed over time. The authors implemented econometric analysis based on the VAR model. This analysis indicated that the Bank of England’s monetary policy influenced GDP growth by a relatively small degree during the period studied. The impact of changes in the monetary base (M3) explained a bigger part of GDP growth than the decreases in interest rates and exchange rates.  Over time the impact of this policy response diminished.
Cluster Initiatives as Means to Improve the Effectiveness of Revitalisation of the Old Town Urban Units
Authors: Gumieniczek Andrzej
Published: July 2018

The paper aims to indicate the possibility of implementation of innovative cluster initiatives in the process of revitalisation of the old town urban units. The article attempts to gather the most important aspects of a model cluster project aimed at the revitalisation of historic urban area. Reality of revitalisation and its effectiveness, as well as the use of the social, economic and cultural potential of historic urban units were illustrated by the example of revitalisation of Old Tow in Lublin. It is proposed to change the approach towards the problems that the revitalisation of the old town units causes and emphasise the cluster initiatives which can accelerate the process of revitalisation and improve its effectiveness. In addition, the possibility of deviation from the plan which utilises the funds received from the municipality and the EU “aid” funds as entire funding sources was proposed.
The Legionary Movement and the Challenges of Modernity
Authors: CIOBANU Răzvan
Published: July 2018

The Legionary Movement and the Challenges of Modernity. Drawing upon valuable recent contributions brought about by an expanding new historio- graphical consensus in fascist studies, this article will briefly explore the manner in which the Legion of the Archangel Michael, regarded as the Romanian version of fascism, assigned significance to the evolution of historical and suprahistorical time, mainly but not exclusively focusing on modernity as a central component of the temporal pattern put forth by the movement. A careful selection of Legionary as- sessments of the modern era will be integrated into a wider temporal projection, as- sembled from various primary sources of notable ideological relevance. The result- ing theoretical instrument which the article proposes is a sequential model consist- ing of five distinct, yet profoundly related chronological phases identifiable in Le- gionary thought, which will be successively analyzed in the course of the paper.
Rezumat: Mișcarea legionară și provocarea modernității. Inspirat de valoroasele contribuții recente ale dinamicului câmp al studiilor fascismului, în contextul consolidării și extinderii perpetue a unui nou consens istoriografic, prezentul demers constituie o explorare succintă a manierei în care Legiunea „Arhanghelului Mihail”, înțeleasă ca variantă authotonă a fascismului continental, s-a raportat, în formulările sale ideologice, asupra temporalității istorice și supraistorice, centrul de greutate al analizei fiind dat de reprezentările modernității, una dintre componentele diacronice fundamentale în interpretarea legionară a timpului. În acest scop, o suită de considerații teoretice privitoare la complexa problematică a modernității, formulate în interiorul mișcării legionare de către doctrinarii reprezentativi ai acesteia, vor fi integrate unei proiecții temporale mai ample, asamblată prin selectarea atentă a unor surse primare de notabilă relevanță ideologică. Instrumentul teoretic astfel alcătuit, pe care articolul de față îl propune în ideea mai bunei înțelegeri a subiectului avut în vedere, se constituie ca un model secvențial alcătuit din cinci faze cronologice distincte, dar profund interconectate, pe care analiza de mai jos le va explora succesiv.
Cuvinte-cheie: fascism; mișcarea legionară; modernitate; modernizare; temporalitate.
David Mitrany during the First World War. Some Ambiguities in His Biography
Authors: ALEXANDRESCU Mihai
Published: July 2018

In this paper, I will attempt to provide another overview of the David Mitrany activity in his first years in England (1908-1918), to emphasise the important role played by his Romanian origin on his work during the First World War, but also to fill in some gaps remained in his official biography for that period. In this respect, I opposed some information collected from David Mitrany personal collection to several details from the literature presenting him with a „diplomatic and intelligence work‟ in the wartime. These new data provide us another meaning for many of his works in the interwar period.
Rezumat: David Mitrany în timpul Primului Război Mondial. Unele ambiguități din biografia sa. În acest articol, voi încerca să prezint o altă perspectivă asupra activității lui David Mitrany în primii săi ani din Anglia (1908-1918), să subliniez rolul important pe care l-a jucat originea sa românească asupra activității sale din Primul Război Mondial, dar și să completez unele omisiuni rămase în biografia sa oficială pentru acea perioadă. În acest sens, am opus unei informații provenite din arhiva personală a lui David Mitrany unor detalii din literatura care îl prezintă cu „activitate diplomatică și de intelligence” în anii războiului. Aceste noi date ne oferă un alt sens pentru multe dintre lucrările sale din perioada interblică.
Cuvinte-cheie: David Mitrany, intelligence, diplomație, Legația României la Londra, Foreign Office.
Political-diplomatic relations between Romania and the Palestine Liberation Organization
Authors: HOLCĂ-NISTOR Roxana Georgiana
Published: July 2018

The Arab-Israeli conflicts during 1967-1989 brought international attention to an extremely sensitive issue for the Arab world, namely the Palestinian refugee population, which in a very short time turned into one of the most difficult problems of the 20th century. Although, it was highly involved in finding a solution for the peaceful resolution of the Arab-Israeli crisis, the Bucharest government initially hesitated to establish direct contacts with the organizations fighting to create an independent Palestinian state. Gradually, Nicolae Ceaușescu understood the importance of this problem for the Arab world and became more receptive in creating contacts with the new Palestinian leaders. From here to the friendship with the "brother" Yasser Arafat was no more than a step. By the late 1980s, Romania had become one of the most important partners and supporters of the Palestinian cause.
Rezumat: Relațiile politico-diplomatice dintre România și Organizația pentru Eliberarea Palestinei. Conflictele arabo-israeline din perioada 1967-1989 au adus în atenția opiniei internaționale o problemă extrem de sensibilă pentru lumea arabă, și anume populația refugiată palestiniană, care într-un timp foarte scurt s-a transformat într-una dintre cele mai dificile probleme ale secolului XX. Deși a fost extrem de implicat în găsirea unei soluții pentru rezolvarea pașnică a crizei arabo-israeliene, guvernul de la București a ezitat inițial să stabilească contacte directe cu organizațiile care luptau pentru crearea unui stat palestinian independent. Treptat însă, Nicolae Ceaușescu a înțeles importanța acestei probleme pentru lumea arabă și a devenit mai receptiv față de crearea unor contacte cu noii lideri palestinieni. De aici și până la prietenia cu ”fratele” Yasser Arafat nu a mai fost decât un pas. Spre finalul anilor '80 România se transformase într-unul dintre cei mai importanți parteneri și susținători ai cauzei palestiniene.
Cuvinte-cheie: conflictul arabo-israelian, populația palestiniană, Nicolae Ceaușescu, Yasser Arafat.
The Anti-System Candidates at the 1996 Presidential Election in Romania
Authors: MUREŞAN Marius
Published: July 2018

The 1996 Romanian presidential elections represented the end of the transition to democracy in post-revolutionary Romania, because for the first time, the elections were won by an opposition candidate. The 1996 elections were the third ones, after the Revolution of 1989. During the six years the parties perfected a range of communication techniques so that besides print, television began to play an increasingly role thanks to the appearance of private stations, voters could compare and an incipient form of political culture was materializing. Also, the political spectrum was much more diversified than 1990 or 1992. Therefore, in 1996 the attention is drawn by those candidates who stand out, like Adrian Păunescu, Gheorghe Funar and C.V. Tudor. The three are representing parties which supported the government formed in 1992, but later adopted a political platform which aimed to mobilize those dissatisfied with the living standards, ethnic issues and the lack of authority. Despite declaring their attachment for principles like democracy or the rule of law, a few program elements, speeches and public appearances reveals a different image regarding their political vision.
Rezumat. Candidaţii anti-sistem la alegerile prezidenţiale din 1996. Alegerile din 1996 au marcat sfârşitul tranziţiei în România post-revoluţionară, deoarece, pentru prima data, alegerile au fost câştigate de un candidat al opoziţiei. Acestea au fost cea de-a treia rundă a alegerilor generale după Revoluţia din 1989. De-a lungul celor şase ani, partidele au perfectat o gamă largă de mijloace de comunicare, astfel că pe lângă presa tipărită, televiziunile, în special cele private, au început să joace un rol important. Astfel, votanţii puteau compara ofertele politice, iar o formă incipientă de cultură politică începea să se formeze. De asemenea, spectrul politic a fost mult mai diversificat decât în 1990 şi 1992. De aceea, în 1996 atrag atenţia acei candidaţi care se evidenţiază în raport cu discursurile celorlalţi, precum Adrian Păunescu, Gheorghe Funar şi C.V. Tudor. Cei trei sunt reprezentanţii unor partide care au susţinut guvernul format în 1992, dar care au adoptat o platformă politică contestatară, menită să mobilizeze acele categorii ale populaţiei nemulţumite de nivelul de trai, problemele etnice, vidul de autoritate. În ciuda declarării ataşamentului pentru principiile democraţiei şi ale statului de drept, elemente ale programului, discursuri şi apariţii în spaţiul public relevă o imagine diferită referitoare la viziunea lor politică.
Cuvinte-cheie: Alegeri prezidenţiale, anti-sistem, populism, naţionalism, nostalgie pentru comunism.
Tıpta Farklı Uzmanlık Alanlarında Eğitim Süresince Anatomi Dersi Gereksinimi
Authors: BEHRAM KANDEMİR Yasemin , SİNDEL Muzaffer , ŞENOL Yeşim
Published: July 2018

AmaçBu çalışmada,
2017-2018 eğitim-öğretim yılında, tıp fakültesinde uzmanlık eğitimi alan
hekimlere, kendi uzmanlık alanlarında anatomi eğitiminin öneminin belirlenmesi
amacıyla bir anket çalışması yapılmıştır.Gereç ve YöntemAkdeniz Üniversitesi tıp fakültesinde 6 farklı branşta (Radyoloji,
Plastik Cerrahi, Genel Cerrahi, Göğüs Cerrahisi Ortopedive Anestezi) uzmanlık eğitimi
alanı asistan hekimlere, araştırmacı tarafından 6 sorudan oluşan, uzmanlık
alanına anatomi eğitimi entegrasyonunun yararı konulu bir anket çalışması yapılmıştır.
Verilerin analizinde SPSS 7.4 programı kullanılarak ki kare uygulanmıştır.BulgularAnket
sorularının cevapları değerlendirildiğinde uzmanlık eğitimi alan hekimlerin bir
büyük çoğunluğu, Anatomi eğitimine uzmanlık alanında ihtiyaç duyduklarını
(%97,23), almış oldukları uzmanlık eğitimine, anatomi eğitiminin katkısı olabileceğine
inandıkları için anatomi entegrasyonunun olması gerektiğini (%94,6) ve sonraki
hekimlik yaşantılarında anatomi eğitiminin faydalı olabileceğini (%97,2)
vurgulamışlardır. Hekimlerin çoğu bu eğitimin 1. (%54,2) veya 2.(%45,8) yılda
verilmesi gerektiğini belirtmişlerdir. Sonuç

Anket sonuçları
ışığında, mezuniyet sonrası tıp eğitiminde anatomi bilgisinin yeri ve önemi
sorgulanmıştır ve uzmanlık eğitimi alan hekimler tarafından, eğitimleri
sırasında, alabilecekleri anatomi bilgisinin önemli ve faydalı olabileceği
vurgulanmıştır.
Mezuniyet Öncesi Tıp Eğitiminde Program Çıktılarının Güncellenmesi: Yeditepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Süreci
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Serdar , ACUNER İbrahim Çağatay , AKALIN Ayşe Arzu , TANRIÖVER Özlem , İZBIRAK Güldal , ERCAN Sina
Published: July 2018

AMAÇBu
çalışmanın amacı, Yeditepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Mezuniyet Öncesi Tıp
Eğitimi Program Çıktıları Revizyon sürecinin tanıtılması ve bu süreçte elde
edilen deneyimlerin paylaşılmasıdır. YÖNTEM: Revizyon
sürecinde ilk olarak Bologna Eşgüdüm Kurulu, Tıp Fakültesi Danışma Komisyonu (BEK-DK)
üyesi 5 öğretim üyesinin katılımıyla bir çekirdek grup (BEK-DK Uzlaşı Grubu)
oluşturulmuştur. Bu grup revizyon sürecinde yapılacak çalışmaları BEK-DK adına
sürdürme görevi üstlenmiştir. Uzlaşı Grubu’nun revizyon sürecindeki amacı; sağlık
hizmeti bağlamında toplum yönelimli, hasta hekim ilişkisi bağlamında hasta
merkezli bir yaklaşımla YÜTF Program Çıktıları (YÜTF-PÇ) 2011’i gözden geçirmek
ve YÜTF-PÇ 2015’i oluşturmak için doküman üretmektir. Bu amaca yönelik hedefler
şunlardır: 1.      Gözden geçirme ve düzeltme; YÜTF-PÇ 2011’in
gerek varsa sadeleştirilmesi, yeterlik yazımına uygun olarak yeniden yazılması,
UÇEP 2014’ün önerdiği yeterlikler çerçevesine uygun hale getirilmesi.2.      İhtiyaç belirleme ve güncelleme; YÜTF Program
Çıktıları 2011’in (YÜTF-PÇ 2011) Ulusal ve Uluslararası dokümanlarla
karşılaştırılması, mezun hekimden beklentilerin analiz edilmesi.Grubun
çalışma yöntemlerini ise, a) Küçük ve büyük grup tartışmaları, b) Süreçten
sürekli bilgilendirme c) Oluşturulan dokümanlar için yazılı görüş isteme, d) Anketle
veri toplama ve e) Çalıştay oluşturmuştur.  BULGULAR 14 PÇ
yeterlik yazım kurallarına göre yeniden düzenlenmiş, 3 PÇ fiillerinde
değişiklik yapılmış ve 25 PÇ aynen korunmuştur. Program çıktılarının ana çatısı,
“hekimin mesleğini icra ederken sahip olması gereken özellikler neler
olmalıdır?” sorusundan yola çıkarak, üç başlık altında toplanmıştır. Bunlar; hekimin
sahip olması gereken temel donanımlar, değerler ve yaklaşımlar ile kişisel
gelişimini sürdürmesi için sahip olması gereken özdeğerlerdir.  TARTIŞMA
ve SONUÇ

YÜTF Program Çıktıları, iç ve dış paydaşların
etkin katılımı ile hekimden güncel beklentiler ve toplumun sağlık
beklentilerinde yaşanmakta olan değişiklikler bağlamında revize edilmiştir. Bu
revizyon çalışması hem yeterliklerin kurallara uygun olarak yazılması yönünden
teknik bir süreci hem de içeriğe ilişkin düzenlemeleri kapsamaktadır. Sürecin
başında amaçlanan, sağlık hizmeti bağlamında toplum yönelimli, hasta hekim
ilişkisi bağlamında ise hasta merkezli ve biyopsikososyal yaklaşım, program
çıktılarının arka planını oluşturmuştur.
MACROZOOBENTHIC COMMUNITIES IN THE EASTERN PART OF THE EASTERN BOSPHORUS STRAIT (PETER THE GREAT BAY, JAPAN SEA)
Authors: Moshchenko A. V. , Belan T. A. , Ivin V. V.
Published: July 2018

In total, 146 species of macrozoobenthos belonged to 11 taxonomic groups are found in the surveyed area in the eastern part of the Eastern Bosphorus Strait. Polychaetes have the highest species number, followed by bivalves and amphipods with five times less number of species. Polychaetes and bivalves have the highest occurrence, too, gastropods and amphipods occur frequently, as well. Bivalves dominate by biomass, but polychaetes — by their abundance. Benthos of the Patrokl Bight at the northern coast is poor relatively to the southern part of the strait at Russky Island because of low species diversity of amphipods, gastropods and decapods. Four macrozoobenthic communities are defined with the following titular species: Acila insignis + Scalibregma inflatum, Ophiura sarsi + Scoloplos armiger, Ennucula tenuis + Nicolea sp., and Dipolydora cardalia + (Melinna elisabethae or Maldane sarsi). Besides, Echinocardium cordatum dominates at the single station in the internal Patrokl Bight and Protocallithaca adamsi dominates at the single station in the Zhitkov Inlet. Majority of these communities are quite diverse and abundant. All of them, except the last case, are undisturbed or slightly disturbed and possess in good or moderate ecological state. In the case of the Zhitkov Inlet, the impoverished community of P. adamsi is considerably disturbed due to anthropogenic impact. Differentiation between the majority of communities is noted along gradients of natural environmental factors, as depth and fractional composition of bottom sediments. All conclusions are statistically significant and based on the results of consequential use of the factor and cluster analysis, non-metric multidimensional scaling and constrained correspondence analysis with bootstrap and randomization procedures. There is noted that the bottom communities in this area are subjected to rather significant contamination that supposedly causes decreasing of their stability and they may change their species composition and abundance under additional negative impact.
TENDENCIES OF CLIMATE CHANGES FOR THERMAL CONDITIONS IN THE COASTAL WATERS OF THE WESTERN BERING SEA AND ADJACENT AREAS IN THE LAST DECADES
Authors: Rostov I. D. , Dmitrieva E. V. , Vorontsov A. A.
Published: July 2018

The sea surface temperature (SST) variability in recent conditions of climate warming is analyzed for the coastal waters in the western Bering Sea and adjacent areas on the data of regular observations on coastal hydrometeorological stations in 1980–2016 and the data of NOAA_OI_SST_V2 reanalysis, taking into account the climate indices variations. The data series are analyzed using the methods of Empirical Orthogonal Functions, cluster analysis, and correlation analysis. Mean climatic trends are estimated for the air temperature as +0.27 о C/decade and for SST as +0.23 о C/decade; they explain 27 % and 35 % of the year-to-year variability, respectively. The warming patterns are not identical for all seasons and areas. The most rapid growth of the air temperature and SST is observed for warm season (on average +0.36 o C/decade and +0.49 o C/decade). Both year-to-year fluctuations of SST and its climatic trend increase from south to north, the SST trend has increased from 0.11 to 0.32 o C/decade. Statistically significant climatic trends are found also in the changes of zonal and meridional components of wind velocity and certain indices of atmosphere circulation.
TECHNOLOGY FOR WASHED FISH MINCE OF THE OBJECTS OF AVAILABLE FISHERY IN THE VOLGA-CASPIAN BASIN
Authors: Mukatova M. D. , Kirichko N. A. , Romanenkova E. N. , Uglova N. Y.
Published: July 2018

Portion of freshwater species able to fishing beyond the TAC limits increases recently in the total volume of fishery in the Volga-Caspian basin. These species regarded as «other freshwater fish» are presented mainly by silver crucian carp Carassius gibelio and red eye Scardinius erythrophthalmus. These low-valuable species could be used for manufacturing of minced fish and various food products on this base. Technological properties of the raw fish and samples of unwashed, washed, and double-washed mince of these species are examined, both before and during storage. The technology of double-washing in water with 1 % food supplement Omfresh Plus (salt, dextrose, maltodextrin, mononatrium glutamate, and spice extract of lemon, cumin or rosemary) is developed in the innovation research laboratory of Food Biotechnology and Biologically Active Substances at Astrakhan State Technical University. For testing, two pilot batches of the minced red eye and silver crucian carp were manufactured by Astrakhan Fisheries Ltd. The output of edible mince after double-washing was 41.4 % for red eye and 41.0 % for silver crucian carp. Organoleptic, physical and chemical properties of the washed mince complied well with the requirements of GOST (state standard) R 55505-2013 «Frozen edible fish mince. Specifications». According to the standard, they are: water content 79.0–82.0 %, sodium chloride concentration 0.17–0.35 %, water retaining capacity > 50 %. After 7 months of cold storage at the temperature below –18 о C, the nitrogen ratio (volatile basic nitrogen relative to formally titrated nitrogen, VBN/FTN) in the minced fish exceeded 8 % that indicated a decrease of its quality, so the recommended storage time was adopted as 6 months. Effective viscosity of the minced fish changed insignificantly during the storage: from 2386.4 to 2443.2 Pa.s for red eye and from 1669.6 to 1775.2 Pa.s for crucian carp that meant that the samples have a stable consistency and are quite suitable for manufacturing of various molded food products. Recipes of molded dry-jerked sticks and boiled-smoked sausages are developed. These products were manufactured from the washed fish mince stored 6 months. According to their organoleptic, physical and chemical parameters, they corresponded to the standard requirements. So, the technology of washed mince of silver crucian carp and red eye is successfully tested in industrial conditions and can be recommended to fish-processing enterprises of the Volga-Caspian basin for rational usage of prospective objects of fishery in order to increase the release of food fish protein products.