bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distributed real-time control architecture for electrohydraulic humanoid robots
Authors: Jleilaty Subhi , Ammounah Anas , Abdulmalek Ghiath , Nouveliere Lydie , Su Hang , Alfayad Samer
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to develop an adaptable control architecture for electrohydraulic humanoid robots (HYDROïD) that emulate the functionality of the human nervous system. The developed control architecture overcomes the limitations of classical centralized and decentralized systems by distributing intelligence across controllers.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed solution is a distributed real-time control architecture with robot operating system (ROS). The joint controllers have the intelligence to make decisions, dominate their actuators and publish their state. The real-time capabilities are ensured in the master controller by using a Preempt-RT kernel beside open robot control software middleware to operate the real-time tasks and in the customized joint controllers by free real-time operating systems firmware. Systems can be either centralized, where all components are connected to a central unit or decentralized, where distributed units act as interfaces between the I/Os and the master controller when the master controller is without the ability to make decisions.

Findings

The proposed architecture establishes a versatile and adaptive control framework. It features a centralized hardware topology with a master PC and distributed joint controllers, while the software architecture adapts based on the task. It operates in a distributed manner for precise, force-independent motions and in a decentralized manner for tasks requiring compliance and force control. This design enables the examination of the sensorimotor loop at both low-level joint controllers and the high-level master controller.

Originality/value

It developed a control architecture emulating the functionality of the human nervous system. The experimental validations were performed on the HYDROïD. The results demonstrated 50% advancements in the update rate compared to other humanoids and 30% in the latency of the master processor and the control tasks.
Responsible learning organizations: a framework to embed responsible innovation within organizations
Authors: Wesselink Renate , Popa Eugen
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the extent to which the concept of learning organization can support the embedding of responsible innovation (RI) in organizations.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on literature in the fields of corporate social responsibility, learning organizations and quadruple helix collaborations, the authors constructed the responsible learning organization (RLO) framework for RI. With the framework, the authors want to show that the RLO can enable RI within organizations.

Findings

Based on this framework, the distinction is made between, on the one hand, the learning processes inside the organization, which resemble reflexivity, and, on the other hand, the learning processes that take place with stakeholders outside the organization, which resemble the other three core processes of RI: anticipation, inclusion and responsiveness. Based on these insights, the authors argue that if an organization wants to do good on innovation, which is seen as the core of RI, organization’s core values should guide that.

Practical implications

Organizational core values should be developed by means of learning inside the organization. Therefore, the process of reflexivity should be stressed more, and employees should be empowered to take part in developing these values, which in return can guide the organization as a compass through all the uncertainty it will encounter during the learning outside the organization when interacting with stakeholders.

Originality/value

The RLO framework for RI shows what learning processes organizations should facilitate first and what content should be at stake during these learning processes to embed RI. Furthermore, the framework puts emphasis on reflexivity as a condition for responsiveness, inclusion and anticipation.
Association between intrinsic capacity and weak muscle strength in naval medical center older adults
Authors: Rojas-Puell María J. , Salazar-Gastelu Danna , Runzer-Colmenares Fernando M. , Parodi Jose F.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine the association between intrinsic capacity (IC) and dynapenia in older adults in outpatient clinics at the Naval Medical Center.

Design/methodology/approach

The study design was observational, analytical and retrospective. The study from which the collected data came was an observational analytical cohort, whose main objective was to describe the factors associated with frailty in older adults. The population comes from the Peruvian Naval Medical Center. This was a retrospective, observational, analytical study of the factors associated with frailty in older adults from the Naval Medical Center of Peru.

Findings

Data from 1667 participants was analyzed, 682 of them were female (40.9%) and 985 were male (50.1%); regarding age, most participants had 71–80 years (n = 761, 45.6%). Prevalence of the dynapenia was 34.5% (n = 576), and 80.08% (n = 1335) had an altered IC. In an adjusted model using Poisson regression, a prevalence ratio of 2.76 (95%, CI 2.06–3.70) was found. In conclusion, there is an association between IC and dynapenia in older adults.

Originality/value

In Latin America and Peru, there is limited information regarding this topic and tools for the evaluation of IC.
Culture and class in contemporary Chinese psychotherapy
Authors: Martin Keir
Published: June 2024

Working with US‐based psychoanalysts who instruct Chinese psychoanalytic trainees, some reject any discussion of ‘culture’ as a means by which patients avoid difficult material, whilst others draw a sharp contrast between ‘the Chinese mind’ and ‘the Western mind’. My discussion with Chinese psychoanalytic trainees suggests that although they often use a ‘China/West’ dichotomy to understand clinical work, they are more likely than their predominantly Euro‐American analytic trainers to look at this distinction in fluid terms affected by other differences. They often draw attention to the ‘type’ of person who is the typical client of psychoanalytic therapy in contemporary China: young, urban, cosmopolitan and financially solvent. This article investigates how Chinese psychoanalytic trainees’ perceptions of relevant differences in their practice vary depending on the conversational context, challenging both the universalist claims of traditional psychoanalytic theory and the recent emphasis on cultural differences in the field.
Smart farms? Ethnographic insights from agricultural digitalization in Turkey
Authors: Kaya Ziya
Published: June 2024

Agriculture in Turkey is amid profound transformations through digitalization, aiming for improved efficiency (more food from less land) and socioeconomic and ecological sustainability. This article examines farmers in western Turkey using so‐called ‘smart’ agriculture technologies, particularly drones. Drones provide quantification and visualization of farms’ conditions and enable farmers to apply chemicals accordingly. Yet, in Turkey, drones are not equally accessible to all farmers owing to their high cost and incompatibility with some farms’ ecologies and existing technologies. Using drones also necessitates taking additional steps to align with Turkey's existing national security measures. Drawing on fieldwork with farmers and technicians in Turkey, I show how farmers participate in addressing these sociomaterialities of drones and the modalities of the state, exploring novel socialities and surveillance practices they have gone through.
Trends in Veteran hospitalizations and associated readmissions and emergency department visits during the MISSION Act era
Authors: Axon R. Neal , Ward Ralph , Mohamed Ahmed , Pope Charlene , Stephens Michela , Mauldin Patrick D. , Gebregziabher Mulugeta
Published: June 2024

Objective

To examine changes in hospitalization trends and healthcare utilization among Veterans following Maintaining Internal Systems and Strengthening Integrated Outside Networks (MISSION) Act implementation.

Data Sources and Study Setting

VA Corporate Data Warehouse and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services datasets.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study to compare 7‐ and 30‐day rates for unplanned readmission and emergency department visits following index hospital stays based on payor type (VHA facility stay, VA‐funded stay in community facility [CC], or Medicare‐funded community stay [CMS]). Segmented regression models were used to compare payors and estimate changes in outcome levels and slopes following MISSION Act implementation.

Data Collection/Extraction Methods

Veterans with active VA primary care utilization and ≥1 acute hospitalization between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2021.

Principal Findings

Monthly index stays increased for all payors until MISSION Act implementation, when VHA and CMS admissions declined while CC admissions accelerated and overtook VHA admissions. In December 2021, CC admissions accounted for 54% of index admissions, up from 25% in January 2016. From adjusted models, just prior to implementation (May 2019), Veterans with CC admissions had 47% greater risk of 7‐day readmission (risk ratio [RR]: 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.43, 1.51) and 20% greater risk of 30‐day readmission (RR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.19, 1.22) compared with those with VHA admissions; both effects persisted post‐implementation. Pre‐implementation CC admissions were also associated with higher 7‐ and 30‐day ED visits, but both risks were substantially lower by study termination (RR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.88, 0.91) and (RR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.87, 0.90), respectively.

Conclusions

MISSION Act implementation was associated with substantial shifts in treatment site and federal payor for Veteran hospitalizations. Post‐implementation readmission risk was estimated to be higher for those with CC and CMS index admissions, while post‐implementation risk of ED utilization following CC admissions was estimated to be lower compared with VHA index admissions. Reasons for this divergence require further investigation.
Does economic policy uncertainty and stock market development affect natural resources: Evidence from United States of America
Authors: Tian Junyi , Tian Guixian , Wang Jia
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the impact of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and stock market development (SMD) on natural resources in the United States during the period between 1985 and 2021 by keeping the GDP and innovation as control variables. For empirical analysis, the autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) and Kernel Regularized Least Squares (KRLS) regression techniques were used to investigate the long‐ and short‐run relationships. To check the robustness of results, this study uses a machine learning approach, i.e., Canonical Cointegrating Regression (CCR). The results of the ARDL bounds test approach suggest the presence of long‐run relationships among the study variables, and these results were confirmed through KRLS and CCR. The long‐run results indicate that economic policy uncertainty and SMD increase natural resource rent. Moreover, GDP and innovation also increase natural resource rent. However, a weak relationship exists between innovation and natural resource rent in the short run. Policymakers need to provide stable and encouraging economic policies to promote sustainable resource management, while stock markets need to facilitate long‐term planning and responsible investment in natural resource industries.
Applications of physical and chemical treatments in plant‐based gels for food 3D printing
Authors: Liu Zhihao , Hu Xinna , Lu Shuyu , Xu Bo , Bai Chenyu , Ma Tao , Song Yi
Published: June 2024

Extrusion‐based three‐dimensional (3D) printing has been extensively studied in the food manufacturing industry. This technology places particular emphasis on the rheological properties of the printing ink. Gel system is the most suitable ink system and benefits from the composition of plant raw materials and gel properties of multiple components; green, healthy aspects of the advantages of the development of plant‐based gel system has achieved a great deal of attention. However, the relevant treatment technologies are still only at the laboratory stage. With a view toward encouraging further optimization of ink printing performance and advances in this field, in this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the application of diverse plant‐based gel systems in 3D food printing and emphasize the utilization of different treatment methods to enhance the printability of these gel systems. The treatment technologies described in this review are categorized into three distinct groups, physical, chemical, and physicochemical synergistic treatments. We comprehensively assess the specific application of these technologies in various plant‐based gel 3D printing systems and present valuable insights regarding the challenges and opportunities for further advances in this field.
Risk of post‐injection endophthalmitis peaks within the first three injections of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy: A nationwide registry‐based study
Authors: Thinggaard Benjamin Sommer , Pedersen Frederik , Kawasaki Ryo , Wied Jimmi , Subhi Yousif , Grauslund Jakob , Stokholm Lonny
Published: June 2024

Purpose

To report the incidence of post‐injection endophthalmitis (PIE) and the cumulative risk associated with repeated injections of intravitreal anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF).

Methods

We employed nationwide registries in Denmark to include all individuals aged ≥40 years who received at least one intravitreal anti‐VEGF injection in 2007–2022. Our primary endpoint PIE was identified using specific diagnostic codes for endophthalmitis and procedure codes for vitreous biopsy within 10 days prior to and 120 days post‐injection. Patients were stratified according to the underlying diagnoses for which they received the treatment. The relative risk (RR) for PIE was calculated between groups based on the number of injections received by the patients.

Results

We identified 60 825 patients who received intravitreal anti‐VEGF treatment during study time, with a median age of 77.2 years and females constituting 58.1%. We identified 232 cases of PIE after 1 051 549 injections during follow‐up, resulting in an incidence of 0.022% [95% CI 0.019%–0.025%]. Despite a linear growth in annual anti‐VEGF use, the incidence remained stable at 0.020% [95% CI 0.017%–0.023%] from 2013 to 2022. Compared to patients receiving 1–3 injections, RR for patients receiving 4–20, 21–40, and >40 injections were 0.46 [95% CI 0.34–0.63], 0.32 [95% CI 0.21–0.50], and 0.54 [95% CI 0.36–0.81], respectively. Findings were similar across the different diagnoses.

Conclusions

Based on 16 years of nationwide registry data, this study identified a low and stable incidence of PIE. Notably, the highest risk of endophthalmitis was within the first three anti‐VEGF injections.
Long‐term visual outcomes and ocular complications in children with Marner's hereditary cataracts operated in the period 1940–2021
Authors: Schmidt Diana Chabané , Bach‐Holm Daniella , Kessel Line
Published: June 2024

Purpose

To investigate visual development and long‐term complications after cataract surgery in childhood.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study included patients from a family with Marner's hereditary cataracts who had cataract surgery before 18 years of age. The study was conducted from 1 January 2022 until 31 December 2022. The patients contributed to their medical files and participated in an updated ophthalmologic examination.

Results

We included 52 patients (101 eyes, 34 females). The median age at cataract surgery was 7 years (IQR: 5–10) and the age at examination was 40 years (IQR: 21–54). Primary and secondary intraocular lens implantation had been performed in 47.5% (25 patients, 48 eyes) and 16.8% (10 patients, 17 eyes). Visual acuity was ≤0.3 logMAR in 77% (78 eyes), and <0.5 logMAR in 8% (8 eyes). Glaucoma was present in 17% (9 patients, 12 eyes), ocular hypertension in 6% (3 patients, 4 eyes), and 10% (5 patients, 5 eyes) had prior retinal detachment. Mild visual field loss (2 < mean defect (MD) ≤ 6 dB) was found in 62% (63 eyes) and moderate to advanced visual field loss (MD > 6 dB) in 24% (24 eyes). Thirty‐five patients (67%) held a driver's licence, and three were not allowed to drive due to low visual function. All patients were employed.

Conclusion

After cataract surgery in childhood, many patients achieve normal visual acuity, but mild visual field loss is common. Long‐term follow‐up is important due to the high risk of glaucoma.
Substrate‐based synthetic strategies and biological activities of 1,3,4‐oxadiazole: A review
Authors: Sharma Upasana , Kumar Rajnish , Mazumder Avijit , Salahuddin  , Kukreti Neelima , Mishra Rashmi , Chaitanya M. V. N. L.
Published: June 2024

The five‐membered 1,3,4‐oxadiazole heterocyclic ring has received considerable attention because of its unique bio‐isosteric properties and an unusually wide spectrum of biological activities. After a century since 1,3,4‐oxadiazole was discovered, its uncommon potential attracted medicinal chemist's attention, leading to the discovery of a few presently accessible drugs containing 1,3,4‐oxadiazole units, and a large number of patents have been granted on research related to 1,3,4‐oxadiazole. It is worth noting that interest in 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles' biological applications has doubled in the last few years. Herein, this review presents a comprehensive overview of the recent achievements in the synthesis of 1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐based compounds and highlights the major advances in their biological applications in the last 10 years, as well as brief remarks on prospects for further development. We hope that researchers across the scientific streams will benefit from the presented review articles for designing their work related to 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles.
Role of surgery along with antimicrobials in refractory skull base osteomyelitis—A prospective observational study
Authors: Faizal Bini , Nair Lakshmi , Pavithran Jayanthy , Moni Merlin , Sheejamol V. S.
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Study aimed to ole of surgery along with antimicrobials to improve clinical outcomes in treating refractory cases of skull base osteomyelitis (SBO).

Methods

A prospective observational study in a tertiary care centre with 70 SBO patients meeting eligibility criteria. The study population comprised 35 patients refractory to systemic antimicrobials of at least 4 weeks duration who later underwent surgery in addition to medication (surgical group). They were compared with a medical group that responded to medications alone. The outcome variables studied were the resolution of clinical features (pain, discharge, radiology, and inflammatory markers), culture yield, and total duration of treatment.

Results

According to our study, relief of pain was faster in the surgical group (1.66 against 4.57 months) with statistical significance (p < 0.001). Relief of symptoms (p < 0.001), radiological improvement (p = 0.001), and normalising of inflammatory markers (p < 0.001) were better in the surgical group than in the medical group. The duration of treatment was an average of 9.2 months in the surgical group compared to 11.3 months in the medical group (p = 0.019). Microbial culture from deep tissue sampling was positive in 24 surgical patients (68.57%).

Conclusions

The treatment response in selected patients of refractory SBO who underwent surgery along with antimicrobials was better than the group who responded to antimicrobials alone. Surgery provided higher microbial yield resulting in culture‐specific antimicrobials. The surgical group observed faster relief of symptoms, reduced hospital stay, and total treatment duration.
The expansion of basic education during ‘deskilling’ technological change in England and Wales, c. 1780–1830
Authors: Henderson Louis
Published: June 2024

The first country to industrialize – England – ostensibly did so without expanding investment in the basic education of its workforce. The empirical evidence underpinning this argument for England rests largely on signature rates at marriage. These are not a perfect indication of educational achievement, particularly as many children never learned to write. More problematically, I argue signatures are likely to have systematically underestimated human capital in industrial districts. In place of signature data, I propose age heaping, a measure widely understood as a proxy for numeracy but shown here to be closely related to both reading and writing abilities. In contrast to signatures, this measure suggests that ‘deskilling’ industrialization induced human capital accumulation. I argue that this occurred not because human capital was directly productive, but rather because schools provided a valuable signal. Sunday school attendance signalled low leisure‐preference among child workers and were popularly attended in industrial districts. Further, such schools taught children to read but not write, which they considered inappropriate for the Sabbath, accounting for the discrepancy between these two measures of human capital.
The European Union Agency for Asylum: Legal remedies and national articulations in composite procedures
Authors: Pirrello Agostina
Published: June 2024

In recent years, the European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA) has been variously involved in the decision‐making processes of national authorities deciding on individual asylum applications. In spite of its capability of affecting national asylum procedures and the circumstances in which they are carried out, holding EUAA accountable for its action is prevented by the lack of clear allocations of tasks and the consequent inadequacy of the judicial remedies available. By analysing and comparing the main role played by the Agency in Italy and Malta, this article sheds some light on the different problems of effective judicial protection, which vary and arise differently depending on the tasks performed by EUAA in each national legal system.
An epigenetic toolbox for conservation biologists
Authors: Balard Alice , Baltazar‐Soares Miguel , Eizaguirre Christophe , Heckwolf Melanie J.
Published: June 2024

Ongoing climatic shifts and increasing anthropogenic pressures demand an efficient delineation of conservation units and accurate predictions of populations' resilience and adaptive potential. Molecular tools involving DNA sequencing are nowadays routinely used for these purposes. Yet, most of the existing tools focusing on sequence‐level information have shortcomings in detecting signals of short‐term ecological relevance. Epigenetic modifications carry valuable information to better link individuals, populations, and species to their environment. Here, we discuss a series of epigenetic monitoring tools that can be directly applied to various conservation contexts, complementing already existing molecular monitoring frameworks. Focusing on DNA sequence‐based methods (e.g. DNA methylation, for which the applications are readily available), we demonstrate how (a) the identification of epi‐biomarkers associated with age or infection can facilitate the determination of an individual's health status in wild populations; (b) whole epigenome analyses can identify signatures of selection linked to environmental conditions and facilitate estimating the adaptive potential of populations; and (c) epi‐eDNA (epigenetic environmental DNA), an epigenetic‐based conservation tool, presents a non‐invasive sampling method to monitor biological information beyond the mere presence of individuals. Overall, our framework refines conservation strategies, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of species' adaptive potential and persistence on ecologically relevant timescales.
The new kids on the block: RNA‐binding proteins regulate autophagy in disease
Authors: Dushnitzky Shai , Ishtayeh Hasan , Ashkenazi Avraham
Published: June 2024

Mammalian autophagy is a highly regulated and conserved cellular homeostatic process. Its existence allows the degradation of self‐components to mediate cell survival in different stress conditions. Autophagy is involved in the regulation of cellular metabolic needs, protecting the cell or tissue from starvation through the degradation and recycling of cytoplasmic materials and organelles to basic molecular building blocks. It also plays a critical role in eliminating damaged or harmful proteins, organelles, and intracellular pathogens. Thus, a deterioration of the process may result in pathological conditions, such as aging‐associated disorders and cancer. Understanding the crucial role of autophagy in maintaining the normal physiological function of cells, tissue, or organs has led to copious and expansive research regarding the regulation of this process. So far, most of the research has revolved around transcriptional and post‐translational regulation. Here, we discuss the regulation of autophagy‐related (ATG) mRNA transcripts by RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs). This analysis focuses on how RBPs modulate autophagy in disease. A deeper understanding of the involvement of RBPs in autophagy can facilitate further research and treatment of a variety of human diseases.
Cost‐effective use of abandoned agricultural land for biofuel production
Authors: Nordin Ida
Published: June 2024

Biofuel can be used to abate greenhouse gas emissions in the transport sector, by replacing fossil fuel. To avoid the problem of competition with food production, the use of abandoned agricultural land (AAL) for production of the feedstock for biofuel has been proposed. AAL has generally low productivity but has also low opportunity costs, and production of perennial bioenergy crops on it can lead to carbon sequestration. A spatially explicit optimization model of biofuel production and transport fuel consumption, applied to Sweden, was used for an analysis of how AAL can alter costs for greenhouse gas emissions abatement. Results show that, compared to the case without AAL, AAL could decrease the costs of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 29%, for emissions reductions equivalent to 50% of current emissions from gasoline in Sweden. The carbon sequestration from establishing perennial bioenergy crops on AAL is the main driver of the positive results. High carbon sequestration on AAL implies larger emissions reduction for a given volume of biofuel, and the results show that the total biofuel production can be both smaller and larger with AAL. The use of arable land for biofuel production is generally smaller with AAL, but larger at some of the highest analyzed target levels. The low AAL feedstock costs contribute to lower costs of the total biofuel production, which pushes for more total biofuel production and less fuel use reduction and therefore counteracts the reduced use of arable land.
Data Evaluation Framework for Refining PFAS Conceptual Site Models
Authors: Gamlin Jeff , Newell Charles J. , Holton Chase , Kulkarni Poonam R. , Skaggs Jonathan , Adamson David T. , Blotevogel Jens , Higgins Christopher P.
Published: June 2024

Contaminated sites with per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are the cause of environmental, health, and financial concerns. Understanding and addressing PFASs at their source areas is important for effective characterization, risk assessment, and remediation. This paper introduces a framework that relies on commonly available PFAS data to assist in identifying PFAS source areas and assess PFAS fate and transport considerations along flowpaths. Currently accepted PFAS physical and chemical behaviors have been incorporated into metrics that can be evaluated geospatially, and/or over time, to build a weight‐of‐evidence approach to refine conceptual site models (CSMs). Graphical representation of data according to a PFAS “family tree” is also proposed for more consistent interpretation and pattern recognition. Combined, these tools create a PFAS data evaluation framework (PFAS Framework) that consists of a tiered analysis approach based on data availability and site complexity. Case studies from real sites are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the PFAS Framework in identifying source areas.
Salivary duct carcinoma with squamous differentiation: histomorphological and immunophenotypical analysis of six cases
Authors: Dababneh Melad N , Griffith Christopher C , Magliocca Kelly R , Stojanov Ivan J
Published: June 2024

Background and aims

Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is an aggressive salivary malignancy with multiple morphological subtypes. Primary salivary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) requires exclusion of high‐grade salivary malignancies and metastatic disease and is considered exceptionally rare. We report six cases of SDC with resemblance to SCC on account of variable, but often extensive, squamous differentiation.

Methods and results

A retrospective review (2009–2023) at two institutions of SDC with histological and immunophenotypical evidence of squamous differentiation identified six cases. Medical charts and available glass slides were reviewed. There were five males and one female with a median age of 63 years, with tumours involving the parotid (five of six) and submandibular (one of six) glands. All six tumours showed a conventional SDC component comprising < 5–90% of viable tumour. Squamous differentiation comprised 10–95%+ (> 75% in three of six cases) of total viable tumour, and demonstrated CK5/6, p63 and/or p40 immunoexpression in all cases. A sarcomatoid component, comprising 10–60% of viable tumour, was present in three of six (50%) cases. All tumours were androgen receptor (AR)‐positive, but only two of six (33.3%) retained AR immunoreactivity in the squamous component. Metastatic SDC to regional lymph nodes exhibited exclusive squamous differentiation in two of six (33.3%) cases.

Conclusion

Squamous differentiation, histologically and immunophenotypically, can be extensive in SDC. AR expression may be lost in the squamous component and metastases may demonstrate only squamous differentiation. These findings cast further doubt on the existence of primary salivary SCC. SDC should be considered whenever encountering a carcinoma with squamous differentiation in major salivary glands or within cervical lymph nodes in the setting of a salivary mass.
A comparative study on the slag resistance of MgO–C, low‐carbon MgO–C, and MgO–SiC–C refractories
Authors: Qi Xin , Luo Xudong , Gu Huazhi , Cao Lei , Tao Ying , Hou Qingdong
Published: June 2024

The corrosion of slag on refractories usually starts from the matrix, so improving the slag resistance of the matrix is of great significance for the slag resistance of the refractories. To clarify the influence of matrix on the slag resistance of magnesia–carbon refractories, the slag corrosion experiments were conducted at 1873 K on MgO–C refractories, low‐carbon MgO–C refractories, and MgO–SiC–C refractories. The results showed that the slag resistance of MgO–C refractories was higher than that of low‐carbon MgO–C refractories, and the slag resistance of MgO–SiC–C refractories was superior to that of low‐carbon MgO–C refractories. The interaction between MgO–SiC–C refractories and slag generated high melting point phases such as forsterite and spinel, reducing the routes for the slag to infiltrate the inside of the refractories. MgO–SiC–C refractories reacted with slag to increase the viscosity of the slag, the viscosity being 86.3% and 51.9% higher than in the case of low‐carbon MgO–C and MgO–C refractories, respectively. Compared with MgO–SiC–C refractories, MgO–C refractories did not exhibit overwhelming advantages in slag resistance. Due to the low‐carbon content and good slag resistance, MgO–SiC–C refractories were promising low‐carbon magnesia‐based refractories for high‐temperature industries.
Pyroplastic deformation analysis of Brazilian porcelain tile formulations using mixture design
Authors: Elias Rodrigo , Zaccaron Alexandre , Montedo Oscar Rubem Klegues , Raupp‐Pereira Fabiano , Bernardin Adriano Michael , Arcaro Sabrina , Rodrigues Neto João Batista
Published: June 2024

Pyroplastic deformation is still an important defect caused during firing in the manufacture of porcelain tiles when there is no control over the raw materials used in the formulation of ceramic tiles. The present study used mixing design as a tool in the development of pastes formulations for Brazilian porcelain tile manufacturing in order to reduce their pyroplastic deformation. Ceramic industry in Brazil has typical and complex way to set up porcelain tile formulations, using regularly more than a dozen raw materials. Therefore, the originality in this work was understanding the formulation by means of a pseudocomponent‐based approach (multiminerals triaxial diagram) and defining parameters that minimize that problem. Eleven different raw materials, supplied by Brazilian ceramic manufacturer, were used and characterized according to their physical–chemical properties. Later, raw materials were divided into three chemical categories and through a simplex‐centroid mixture design, defining the maximum limit of feldspar in 70%, 10 formulations in the experimental region were defined. All formulations were analyzed for particle size distribution, bulk density (postpressing and postburning), mechanical strength (postpressing and postfiring), thermal shrinkage, water absorption, and pyroplastic deformation. Thus, formulations that presented the most admissible behavior in the manufacture of porcelain tiles were selected, and tests were carried out for chemical, mineralogical, thermal (differential scanning calorimeter [DSC]/thermogravimetric [TG]), thermal expansion, porosity analysis, and optical fleximeter (pyroplasticity). All results were analyzed using response surfaces with data obtained by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Mixture design method proved to be a valuable tool to observe the behavior of raw materials and to optimization of Brazilian porcelain tile formulations.
Influence of Aspergillus parasiticus on aflatoxins production and quality change in Chrysanthemum morifolium at various storage conditions
Authors: Chen Meixu , Wang Liling , Huo Xinyi , Xu Qilin , Ying Yaofeng , Wu Linlin , Zhou Yifeng , Huang Jun
Published: June 2024

In this study, a full factorial design with three temperature levels (20, 30 and 40 °C), three moisture content (MC) levels (8%, 15% and 22%), and four storage times (7, 14, 21 and 28 days) was used to investigate the changes of aflatoxins (AFs), active constituents, and antioxidant activities in Hangbaiju (HBJ, Chrysanthemum morifolium) after simulated inoculation with Aspergillus parasiticus. The results showed that AFs could be produced in the range of 20~30 °C and 8~22% MC after mould infection, but both mould growth and AFs production were inhibited under the tested MC condition at 40 °C. The analysis of variance (anova) indicated that the temperature, time, interaction between the temperature and time, and interaction between MC and time had significant effects on the total aflatoxins (AFTOT) accumulation. Under 20 and 30 °C, AFTOT in inoculated HBJ usually increased with the increase of MC and storage time, while its active constituents and antioxidant activities decreased with the increase of AFTOT under corresponding storage conditions. Pearson correlation analysis suggested that relatively stronger negative correlations were observed between luteolin‐7‐O‐glucoside (LUT7G), total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and AFTOT. Grey correlation analysis (GCA) showed that antioxidant activity was highly linked to the content of active constituents, and the characteristic flavonoid LUT7G exhibited the highest grey correlation degrees (GCDs) in the three antioxidant activities. The AFTOT reached the highest level (31.15 μg kg−1) after 28 days of storage at 30 °C and 22% MC; meanwhile, LUT7G, TPC and TFC decreased by 93.66%, 20.77% and 55.50%, respectively, and all the three antioxidant activities indicated more than 25% reduction. This is the first study about the changes and relationships of AFTOT, active constituents and bioactivities in the medicinal food influenced by A. parasiticus under different storage conditions. These results provide important references to prevent AFs production and quality control for HBJ and other medicinal foods influenced by A. parasiticus in storage strategy.
Incorporation of ground mustard seeds in an active packaging film: structural properties and controlled release of allyl isothiocyanate
Authors: Bahmid Nur Alim , Suloi Andi Nur Fajri , Anwar Muslih , Prasetyo Dwi Joko , Wahono Satriyo Krido , Hernawan
Published: June 2024

Ground mustard seeds can be incorporated into a packaging film material to have a controlled release of allyl isothiocyanates (AITC). However, the properties of film material loaded with ground mustard seeds need to be evaluated, since they might influence the release of AITC from the film materials. This study aimed to assess properties, including surface morphology, spectral analysis, crystallinity, the moisture‐related, thermal and mechanical properties, of the film materials incorporated with the ground seeds and the release of antimicrobial compounds. Furthermore, the effects of relative humidity on AITC release in the headspace were investigated. The results showed that incorporating a larger quantity of ground mustard seeds resulted in the quicker release of AITC due to direct exposure to moisture, as indicated by higher concentrations observed in the headspace. Meanwhile, a smaller quantity of ground seeds added to the film maintained the thermal properties of the materials until 100 °C, resulting in significantly better moisture‐related properties and higher mechanical strength in terms of tensile strength, elastic modulus, and strain at break. However, the smallest ratio (1:5) showed no release of AITC into the packaging headspace at 75% and 100% RH. Furthermore, the relative humidity led to the release of more AITC in the headspace, which is potentially applied for high‐moisture food products. Based on the influence of relative humidity on AITC concentrations, the mechanism of AITC release from the film materials is proposed, describing the AITC diffusion from ground mustard seeds, film, and headspace.
Effects of the composition of food and medicine homologous ingredients complex supplementation on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota diversity in high‐fat diet‐induced obese mice
Authors: Ma Jiajie , Cui Mingxun , Wang Jianan , Li Kun , Li Siyi , Piao Chunxiang , Wang Juan , Mu Baide , Li Guanhao , Li Hongmei
Published: June 2024

Dietary patterns are closely related to obesity, and a balanced diet can prevent obesity more than a single food or nutrient. In this study, we investigated the anti‐obesity effects of food and medicine homologous ingredient complex (FMHIC). The serum biochemical indices related to lipid metabolism were significantly improved in the FMHIC group. Meanwhile, it significantly inhibited the accumulation of lipid droplets, improved adipocyte hypertrophy and downregulated gene expression related to lipid production. FMHIC can effectively regulate intestinal flora richness and structural disorder in obese mice and result in a higher abundance of NK4A214_group and Prevotellaceae _UCG_001, and a lower abundance of Negativibacillus, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Lachnoclostridium and GCA_900066575. Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was a strong correlation between species richness and lipid metabolism and that FMHIC might adjust lipid metabolism by regulating the abundance of intestinal flora. In conclusion, FMHIC regulates lipid metabolism and modulates gut microbiota to regulate high‐fat diet‐induced dysbiosis.
Identification and molecular mechanisms of novel antioxidant peptides in black soldier fly larvae protein: simulated gastrointestinal digestion, molecular docking and in vitro/in vivo studies
Authors: Huang Wangxiang , Wang Chen , Chen Qianzi , Chen Feng , Hu Haohan , Li Jianfei , Kang Jingling , He Qiyi , Yu Xiaodong
Published: June 2024

This study aims to identify novel antioxidant peptides within black soldier fly larvae protein (BSFLP) using simulated gastrointestinal processes, LC–MS/MS analysis, and virtual screening. Two peptides, PFCPK and ADFW, exhibited significant antioxidant properties in both in vitro radical scavenging experiments and in vivo evaluations using zebrafish embryos induced with 2,2′‐azobis(2‐methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride. Treatment with 25 μg mL−1 of PFCPK or ADFW significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced zebrafish embryo survival, reduced abnormal heartbeats and lowered ROS generation rate by 62.98% and 83.44%, lipid peroxidation by 52.54% and 68.35%, and cell death rate by 86.92% and 97.54%, respectively. Moreover, they restored antioxidant enzyme activities and MDA levels to near‐normal values, demonstrating significant therapeutic effects. The observed antioxidant effects may potentially be linked to the modulation of the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. This study provides valuable insights for developing novel natural antioxidants and maximising the high‐value applications of BSFLP.
State temporary assistance for needy families policies and high school diploma or equivalent attainment among mothers following a nonmarital birth: An event history analysis
Authors: Oh Sehun , Radey Melissa , Smith Briana , Powers Daniel A.
Published: June 2024

This study examines high school diploma or equivalent (HS/E) attainment by mothers who had a nonmarital birth (“unmarried mothers”) and the associations between state‐level Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) policies and their postnatal HS/E attainment. Using an analytic sample of 1154 unmarried mothers without HS/E from the restricted‐use Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study, we tracked postnatal HS/E attainment patterns for 15 years, and conducted discrete‐time event history analysis with mixed effects to test the relationships between states' TANF policies and postnatal HS/E attainment. Only 35.1% of the sample attained HS/E after childbirth, while nearly half of mothers who attained HS/E were not able to do so within 3 years of childbirth. A $100 higher maximum monthly benefit amount is associated with 86.1% higher odds of postnatal HS/E attainment, indicating the need to consider increasing TANF benefit amounts as a means to promote educational attainment among unmarried mothers with educational disadvantages.
Between war and peace: Exploring the role of refugee law in the context of Sudan political conflict
Authors: Sapre Abhilash Arun , Singh Shalini
Published: June 2024

The ongoing political turmoil gripping Sudan is fraught with violence between two opposing factions within its military government. This unsettling state of affairs has led to devastating consequences, including large‐scale displacement of people and severe human rights violations, causing dire humanitarian consequences. Against this tumultuous backdrop, we explore how existing refugee law, one facet of international law governing refugees, can help bring relief amidst a volatile conflict zone. Examining complex legal questions ranging from determining who qualifies for asylum status through various geographic considerations to what role states play in securing basic protections for refugees fleeing persecution or war at home will be analysed herein. Further difficulties involving how these complex provisions protect refugees face hurdles due to practical factors like lack of resources or security concerns will be considered thoroughly. While recognizing that instituting legal reforms alone is not enough to address these complex crises due to various challenges of reasons ranging from political to practical, this paper concludes by putting forth strategic recommendations for improvement aimed towards bolstering resources and support mechanisms required for refugees across the region to ensure they can seize‐hold of eventual solutions.
Comprehensive social and medical security for Ukrainian migrant workers: Degree of protection
Authors: Hanechko Olena M. , Pavlichenko Helena V. , Bielousov Volodymyr D. , Platonova Hanna V. , Dyachenko Ol'ha A.
Published: June 2024

Labour migration is one of the features of the modern labour market. The development of transport infrastructure, the spread of non‐standard forms of employment, the globalization of all spheres of human activity and the growing unevenness of territorial development led to an increase in the mobility of the economically active population. In addition, various environmental disasters or military actions, such as the Russian Federation's war against Ukraine in February 2022, have an impact on the spread of migration. Labour migration undoubtedly contributes to the redistribution of labour and the efficiency of human capital. At the same time, like most other manifestations of a flexible labour market, labour migration poses a threat to weakening the social protection of workers, and therefore requires new, non‐standard approaches to the organization of social security. Several scientific methods were used to conduct the study, including general scientific approaches such as dialectic, analysis, synthesis, abstraction and analogy. In addition, specific legal methods were used, in particular, formal legal, comparative legal and systemic‐structural approaches. The purpose of this article is to study the current state of legislation and state policy on the social security of labour migrants. The aim is to identify existing problems and develop recommendations for their solution with the ultimate goal of improving the social protection of labour migrants.
Radiographic outcomes of lateral sinus floor elevation at sites without perforations and sites with perforations managed with a resorbable membrane: A retrospective study
Authors: Wang Zhikang , Wang Yuchen , Yu Zhou , Tang Like , Zhang Jing , Yang Guoli , Huang Tingben
Published: June 2024

Aim

To evaluate the radiographic outcomes of lateral sinus floor elevation with simultaneous implant placement at sites without sinus membrane perforation (SMP) and sites with SMP managed with a resorbable membrane.

Materials and Methods

One hundred and thirty‐nine patients and 170 implants (56 perforation, 114 non‐perforation) were included. Cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were taken before surgery (T0), immediately after surgery (T1) and 6 months after surgery (T2). Post‐operative augmentation parameters, including endo‐sinus bone gain (ESBG) along the implant axis, mean new bone height (NBH) surrounding the implant and augmentation volume (AV), were measured at T1 and T2.

Results

At T1, there were no significant differences in ESBG, NBH and AV between the two groups. At T2, although ESBG did not significantly differ between the two groups, NBH (8.50 ± 1.99 mm vs. 9.99 ± 2.52 mm, p = .039) and AV (519.37 ± 258.38 mm3 vs. 700.99 ± 346.53 mm3, p < .001) were significantly lower in the perforation group. The shrinkage of graft material from T1 to T2, including ΔESBG (p = .002), ΔNBH (p < .001) and ΔAV (p < .001), was higher in the perforation group.

Conclusions

SMP during LSFE with simultaneous implant placement is associated with greater resorption of the grafted area at a 6‐month follow‐up.