bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Students’ eating styles and palatable eating motives during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Srisayekti Wilis , Ancilla Cecilia Joseph , Cahyani Anggita Dian
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to describe students’ driving factors of eating behavior, namely eating-styles and palatable-eating-motives, and to determine clusters based on both. Conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, this cross-sectional study was carried out in response to the intervention program, the nusantara movement to reduce obesity rate (gerakan nusantara tekan angka obesitas (GENTAS)), launched by the Indonesian government to reduce obesity rate. Involving general population, 135 undergraduate students at a university in Bandung, Indonesia (the average age was 20.5 years, 71.9% of them were female) were selected using multi-stage-cluster-sampling. Data was collected through online questionnaires and was analyzed using SPSS 22.00 for Mac. Results indicated that participants’ eating behavior was generally more characterized by uncontrolled-eating-style, and participants’ eating palatable foods was more driven by the motive of reward-enhancement. This study obtained three clusters, including the cluster composed of emotional-eating-style and coping-motives, the cluster involving cognitive-restraint-eating-styles, and the cluster composed of uncontrolled-eating-style and all palatable-eating-motives. Findings about the clusters brought possibilities to develop new approach in eating behavior intervention for GENTAS’ implementation among students, focusing on tailored intervention based on the cluster of the individual participant, and utilizing the available channels at the institution. An online or hybrid intervention was an introduced choice that was relevant during COVID-19 pandemic and non-COVID period.
Analysis of the structure and efficiency of national health care systems
Authors: Shalko Myroslava , Andriushchenko Anhelina
Published: May 2024

It was noted that the right to health care is a key topic of discussion around the world, and ensuring the realization of this right and the opportunity to access the necessary medical care is in the spotlight. The realization of the right to health care in each country directly depends on the national health policy. The analysis is focused on assessing the effectiveness of health care systems of states according to several models. The data for this study were obtained from the existing WHO database, which provides accumulated data for groups of countries. Thus, it was possible to compare different countries, whose state health statistics may have their own characteristics. For data processing, an input-oriented analysis model of a dynamic network data shell was used. The analysis combines the use of traditional and non-traditional methods for measuring health performance. The analysis shows that there are no pure health systems financing models, most states use mixed funding models. The only way to reduce dependence on direct payments is for the government to encourage the use of a prepayment and risk pooling approach.
Development of resilience model in people with human immunodeficiency virus undergoing antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Lailiah Novianti , Nursalam Nursalam , Indarwati Retno
Published: May 2024

Resilience that has not been formed and self-regulatory functions that are not optimal, play a role in low adherence to treatment for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV). This study aimed to develop a resilience model of antiretroviral therapy (ARV) adherence and quality of life for PLHIV. This study used a cross-sectional approach to 185 PLHIV in Tulungagung, East Java, Indonesia who were selected using simple random sampling. Individual factors, disease representation, emotional response, social support, interpretation, coping, resilience, adherence, and quality of life were variables in this study that were measured using a questionnaire. The data were then analyzed descriptively and using structural equation model (SEM) based on partial least square (PLS). The results showed that individual factors (T=4.062), disease representation (T=3.755), emotional response (T=3.988), and social support (T=2.753) affected interpretation of disease. Interpretation of disease then influences coping (T=5.285). Coping affects resilience (T=4.045), resilience influences ARV adherence (T=2.846), and adherence affects quality of life (T=10.050). Other factors that directly influence ARV adherence are emotional response (T=3.120) and social support (T=3.255). This resilience model is relevantly able to improve adherence in PLHIV. Emotional response is a factor that has the strongest influence in shaping the resilience of PLHIV in the mechanism of adherence and quality of life.
Interactions and mechanisms of phenolic compounds with human immunodeficiency virus-1 Tat protein
Authors: S. Delos Santos Cherry May , A. Santos June Alexis , M. Mendoza Danilet Vi
Published: May 2024

Human immunodeficiency virus remains a serious health threat, with an increase of 24% newly cases globally. Targeting Tat protein is an emerging therapeutic strategy for inhibiting the feedback loop that drives the exponential increase in viral transcription and particle production of the virus. The study aimed to determine the inhibitory potential of phenolic compounds from Ricinus communis L. and Jatropha curcas L., against the Tat C protein using in silico techniques. Phenolic compounds identified from both plants were screened by absorption-distribution-metabolism-excretion (ADME) analysis using drug-likeness prediction. Molecular docking analysis of the compounds with drug-like properties against the receptor and ligand-protein complexes’ analysis and visualization were performed. The results revealed three phenolic compounds with the highest negative binding affinity to the receptor’s active site: ellagic and neochlorogenic acids with - 7.2 kcal/mol and isohemiphloin with -7.3 kcal/mol. The interacting amino acids of the complexes were majorly His13, Lys19, Lys28, Thr64, His65, Gln66, Pro70, Gln72, and Pro73 via non-covalent interactions: hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic, and electrostatic interactions. The identified phenolic compounds provide a core structure that can be candidate for plant-based antiviral drugs development to potentially aiding in the virus’s therapeutic challenge.
Work-family conflict and depressive symptoms among working couples: a spillover-crossover process
Authors: Nasharudin Nurfazreen Aina Muhamad , Rui Zhao
Published: May 2024

The study aimed to examine the effect of work-family conflict (WFC) and family-work conflict (FWC) on the level of depressive symptoms among working husbands and wives. First, the study proposed that wife’s WFC influences the husband’s level of depressive symptoms via the mediation of the husband’s FWC. Second, the study predicted that the husband’s WFC leads to the wife’s level of depressive symptoms through the mediation of the wife’s FWC. The study utilized a cross-sectional design that involved 330 teachers and their spouses (N=660) as a study sample. The results show wife’s WFC of strain-based leads to the husband’s depressive symptoms via the husband’s FWC of strain-based. WFC behavior-based of the husband influences the degree of the wife’s depression symptoms via the wife’s behavior-based FWC, whereas WFC time-based of the husband causes the wife to experience depressive symptoms through the wife's FWC. The current findings provide crucial knowledge to the literature as they discover the specific aspects of WFC and FWC that affect individuals’ psychological health.
Perceptions of primigravida and their husbands regarding the need for maternal-fetal attachment stimulation
Authors: Purwati Yuni , Pramono Noor , Hakimi Mohammad , Sudarmiati Sari , Anggorowati Anggorowati
Published: May 2024

Prenatal class programs for primigravidas are important to improve fetal care behavior and reduce infant mortality. In prenatal classes, there is no maternal-fetal attachment stimulation education program which is important for improving maternal-fetal attachment and fetal well-being. The perceptions of pregnant women and their husbands regarding knowledge and experience of pregnancy as well as maternal-fetal attachment (MFA) stimulation are important for assessing the need for MFA educational materials. The research aimed to examine the perceptions of primigravidas and their husbands regarding pregnancy and MFA stimulation. Exploratory descriptive qualitative study method. Data were collected using in-depth interviews with 10 primigravidas and their husbands at the Community Health Center in Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, using an interview guide. Data analysis by condensing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions, verbatim results of interviews are presented in coding, found categories, and themes. Four themes were produced: knowledge of pregnancy and fetal growth and development; concept of maternal-fetal attachment skills; management of pregnancy emotional management; and husband's support. The conclusion of this theme's findings underlies the development of maternal-fetal attachment educational materials in prenatal classes to prepare mothers for their role, and improve MFA and maternal-fetal health.
Household factors associated with breastfeeding practice among children in Southern Thailand
Authors: Supriatin Supriatin , Hattapradit Faron , Mamahit Adi Yeremia , Heri Mochamad , Iswahyudi Iswahyudi , Suyitno Suyitno , Maretalinia Maretalinia
Published: May 2024

Breastfeeding is an important process for infants including their nutrition, immune system support, digestibility, bonding, convenience, and cost-effectiveness. The breastfeeding rate in Thailand is low compared to Asian countries, but the rate is high for Southern Thailand. This study aimed to examine the household factors (religion) associated with breastfeeding practices in the household in Southern Thailand. This study used secondary data multiple indicators cluster survey (MICS) in 2022. The final sample of this study was 1,176 children under two years. The univariate, bivariate (Chi-square), and multivariate (binary logistic regression) were done using STATA version 17. The percentage of ever breastfed was high which was 97%. The factors of religion (AOR 3.45 95% (1.55–7.69)) and secondary school of education level of the household head (AOR 0.32 95% (0.15–0.67)) were found significantly associated with ever breastfeeding practice. There is a powerful role of religious leaders to empower women to breastfeed infants according to social and religious perspectives.
Evaluation of cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients using machine learning techniques
Authors: Nrusimhadri Silpa , Swain Sangram Keshari , Rao Veeranki Venkata Rama Maheswara , Reddy Shiva Shankar , Gadiraju Mahesh
Published: May 2024

Machine learning (ML) improves operations in many industries, including medicine. It affects the prognosis of several disorders, including heart disease. If predicted, it may provide doctors with new insights and allow them to treat each patient individually. If anticipated, it may provide medical practitioners with valuable information. Our team uses machine learning algorithms to study heart disease risk. This research will compare decision trees, AdaBoost, support vector machines, artificial neural networks (ANN), and customized ANN. The study will include this analysis. The given model will leverage the dataset of general information and medical test results. Our model uses particle swarm optimization (PSO) and k-nearest neighbors (KNN). Algorithm for feature selection. The model reduces dimensionality using evolutionary algorithms and neural networks. We compared the numerous assessment criteria to the current models, our model, and earlier models. Because of this, the suggested model's suitability was rated with the highest accuracy.
Machine learning's impact on medical education and research: beneficial or detrimental?
Authors: Subramaniam Suresh Kanna , Gounder Pushpalatha Kunjappa , Mahmood Ammar Abdul Razzak , Anandaram Harishchander , Polevoy Georgiy Georgievich , Pichandy Muthu Prasanna
Published: May 2024

Machine learning (ML), an AI chatbot developed by OpenAI, has the potential to revolutionize medical education by aiding in locating scholarly publications, condensing them, producing automatic drafts, summarising articles, and translating information from various languages. Still ethical concerns need to be governed and closely supervised in scientific literature. ML has become a valuable tool for medical research and teaching due to its ability to generate responses that closely resemble human responses when faced with difficult medical questions. It has disadvantages such as the potential dissemination of inaccurate or prejudiced data and excessive dependence on technology in medical instruction, deteriorating analytical reasoning and clinical judgment abilities. ML can aid in various aspects of medical education, including curriculum building, tutoring, test preparation, medical research, simulation, and continuing medical education. This article explores the transformative impact of ML in the medical field, focusing on medical data analysis, rewards in medical education, enhanced diagnosis, and creative content generation. It delves into ML applications for medical learners and educators, including interactive simulations, cooperation enhancement, and clinical vignettes. The article also addresses ML's role in patient care, along with strategies, challenges, and limitations in its implementation.
La incesante búsqueda de la transformación
Authors: Carreño Manosalva Clara Inés , Mendoza José Luis
Published: May 2024

Y esto es más fácil que mañana jueves

y más difícil que seguir naciendo

y es un oficio extraño que te busca

y que se esconde cuando lo buscaron

y es una sombra con el techo roto,

pero en los agujeros hay estrellas.

Pampoesía

Memorial de Isla Negra

1962–1964

Pablo Neruda

Resulta imprescindible nombrar la transformación en los lenguajes que dan cuenta del desarrollo; puesto que, desde sus variados enfoques, este supone la elaboración, la construcción, la posibilidad de generar procesos que permitan algún tipo y grado de crecimiento a través de la multiplicación de características favorables en quienes son los actores de tales procesos. En consecuencia, frente a este horizonte esperanzador, transformar también implica dar cuenta del estado previo que se aspira innovar y de lo que se quiere instaurar con ello.
Calidad educativa y cultura de la autoevaluación: hacia un modelo estratégico de actuación universitaria
Authors: Portilla Garavito María Alejandra
Published: May 2024

En este reporte se exponen los elementos de estudio que han guiado el análisis de una experiencia de Acreditación de la calidad en el nivel educativo superior. La investigación devela la necesidad de construir una propuesta de “Modelo Estratégico de Actuación” propio para el Programa citado, en función de los parámetros de calidad recomendados por la instancia acreditadora: el Consejo de Acreditación de la Enseñanza de la Ingeniería A.C. (CACEI). Se detalla aquí el procedimiento de descubrimiento y construcción de los conceptos con los cuales se formulan la naturaleza y los elementos constitutivos para la propuesta sugerida: un Modelo Estratégico de Actuación basado en la autoevaluación como foco metodológico, y sustentado en la socialización y la comunicación como ejes para la construcción de una cultura de calidad propia del Programa.
Institucionalidad educativa: relatos entre el pasado y el futuro educación de jóvenes y adultos en Colombia
Authors: Diaz Alfonso , Herrera Lina Maria , Vásquez Brochero Francy Lined
Published: May 2024

Esta investigación busca contribuir por un lado, a caracterizar los nuevos discursos sobre la institucionalidad, que han marcado las tendencias educativas contemporáneas, y por otro, a observar la forma como se materializan o no en un contexto específico, en este caso, la Institución Educativa Departamental (IED) Nuestra Señora de la Gracia, ubicada en el municipio de Bojacá – Cundinamarca. Lo hace a partir de su incorporación en el programa de Educación para Jóvenes y Adultos en edad extraescolar (EDJA). Los hallazgos que posibilitan la investigación se convierten en un referente para el diseño de políticas públicas en EDJA y, así mismo, aportan elementos para diseñar propuestas o lineamientos que contribuyan a la configuración de una Educación Básica para adultos y jóvenes, basada en la equidad, la participación y la democracia.
Interacciones pedagógicas y su relación con la promoción de la participación en primera infancia
Authors: Jiménez Pinzón Andrea , Londoño Borrero Paola Andrea , Rinta Piñeros María Janeth , Pineda Nisme
Published: May 2024

Este artículo presenta la elaboración teórica construida con los aportes y aprendizajes logrados en las sesiones del grupo de la Línea de Investigación Niñez, juventud y familia, durante el transcurso de la Maestría en Desarrollo Educativo y Social - cohorte 22: 2008-2010 -. El desarrollo de este escrito, de forma particular desarrolla la pregunta: En contextos institucionales de educación inicial, ¿cómo contribuyen las interacciones pedagógicas en la promoción de la participación en primera infancia?; para abordar la pregunta las autoras transitan por las representaciones que la sociedad, las instituciones educativas y los y las adultas constituyen en torno al desarrollo de los niños y niñas identificados en la primera infancia y dichas representaciones como dialogan y/o se contradicen con modelos pedagógicos, modelos políticos – como la democracia –, y con la perspectiva de derechos, particularmente el de la participación.
La preescolarización del niño en la educación pública colombiana (1960 - 1994)
Authors: Cárdenas Forero Oscar Leonardo , Avellaneda Marcela Contreras , Navarro Baquero Dora Lilia
Published: May 2024

Este artículo, enmarcado en el enfoque arqueológico-genealógico propuesto por Michel Foucault, tiene como propósito rastrear y describir las condiciones y líneas de fuerza que se entrecruzaron para posibilitar la aparición de una nueva forma de escolarización del niño en la educación pública colombiana en el período 1960-1994. Con ello, se pretende mostrar cómo la “preescolarización infantil” fue el resultado de un complejo proceso de enfrentamiento, despliegue y establecimiento de relaciones de saber-poder, discursos, instituciones, saberes, controles y prácticas. Pero además, más allá de un intento por superar la intención de indagar en el pasado el origen de los acontecimientos; es más bien, una apuesta por conformar el esquema de circunstancias que hicieron posible la preescolarización de la infancia y su configuración como dispositivo de poder dentro de la escuela y la sociedad. Por tanto, el objeto que enmarca este artículo, gira en torno a cómo estas nuevas prácticas de subjetivación que se fueron instituyendo, configuraron nuevas subjetividades infantiles preescolarizadas que en algún momento fueron “fenómenos curiosos”, pero que en la actualidad han dejado de ser extraños y hacen parte de lo que se enuncia y legitima de manera consustancial en la sociedad.
Inclusión laboral: una forma de promover la ciudadanía emancipada
Authors: Castillo Asprilla Nelly María , Romero Morales Luz Marina , Agudelo López Alexandra
Published: May 2024

Este artículo analiza y reflexiona en torno a la manera como pueden converger el significado que trae consigo el concepto de ciudadanía con el de inclusión laboral, en un contexto laboral fundamentado desde una lógica capitalista, en la que la producción es el fin en sí mismo, y la capacidad de vocación inclusiva entre los diversos sectores sociales está mediada por la instauración de mecanismos institucionales que incitan a la aceptación de patrones de conducta homogéneos. Estos patrones, exigidos e inscritos en el funcionamiento del sistema social, favorecen a su vez pensamientos hegemónicos, incapaces de comprender, valorar y aceptar la diferencia como un proceso de emancipación que va en pro del desarrollo personal y colectivo, y así mismo, fomentan la libertad, la expansión de la subjetividad y la restitución de derechos individuales y sociales.
Using Omics to Identify Novel Therapeutic Targets in Heart Failure
Authors: Lteif Christelle , Huang Yimei , Guerra Leonardo A. , Gawronski Brian E. , Duarte Julio D.
Published: May 2024

Omics refers to the measurement and analysis of the totality of molecules or biological processes involved within an organism. Examples of omics data include genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and more. In this review, we present the available literature reporting omics data on heart failure that can inform the development of novel treatments or innovative treatment strategies for this disease. This includes polygenic risk scores to improve prediction of genomic data and the potential of multiomics to more efficiently identify potential treatment targets for further study. We also discuss the limitations of omic analyses and the barriers that must be overcome to maximize the utility of these types of studies. Finally, we address the current state of the field and future opportunities for using multiomics to better personalize heart failure treatment strategies.
A new species of Hydrochara Berthold from China (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Hydrophilini)
Authors: MAI ZUQI , JIA FENGLONG
Published: May 2024

A new species of the water scavenger beetle, Hydrochara loong sp. nov. is described based on a pair of specimens collected from Shaanxi and a female collected from Hubei. This new species is similar to Hydrochara libera (Sharp, 1884) in morphology, but with a larger size and some distinct morphological differences. The new species is diagnosed and illustrated in detail. A key to Chinese species of the genus Hydrochara is provided.
Leiobracon, a new genus of the subfamily Braconinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from Vietnam
Authors: DZUONG NGUYEN VAN , LONG KHUAT DANG , ACHTERBERG CORNELIS VAN , HIEP NGUYEN DUC
Published: May 2024

The genus Leiobracon gen. nov. and the type species Leiobracon vietnamicus sp. nov., are described from Vietnam. The new genus differs morphologically from all known braconine genera with bifurcate tarsal claws (Mesobracon group of genera) by having the metasoma smooth, the first metasomal tergite more than 2.6 × longer than wide medially, with its lateral areas largely reduced and without crenulations.
A New Method for Calculating Instantaneous Atmospheric Heat Transport
Authors: Cox Tyler , Donohoe Aaron , Armour Kyle C. , Roe Gerard H. , Frierson Dargan M. W.
Published: May 2024

Atmospheric heat transport (AHT) is an important piece of our climate system but has primarily been studied at monthly or longer time scales. We introduce a new method for calculating zonal-mean meridional AHT using instantaneous atmospheric fields. When time averaged, our calculations closely reproduce the climatological AHT used elsewhere in the literature to understand AHT and its trends on long time scales. In the extratropics, AHT convergence and atmospheric heating are strongly temporally correlated suggesting that AHT drives the vast majority of zonal-mean atmospheric temperature variability. Our AHT methodology separates AHT into two components (eddies and the mean meridional circulation) which we find are negatively correlated throughout most of the mid- to high latitudes. This negative correlation reduces the variance in the total AHT compared to eddy AHT. Last, we find that the temporal distribution of the total AHT at any given latitude is approximately symmetric.
Automation risks of vocational training programs and early careers in the Netherlands
Authors: Dicks Alexander , Künn-Nelen Annemarie , Levels Mark , Montizaan Raymond
Published: May 2024

In this article, we study the role of automation risks in the school-to-work transition (STWT) of secondary vocational education (VET) graduates in the Netherlands. We use a combination of administrative and survey data, enriched with estimates of automation risks. Using sequence analysis, we find four ideal-type school-to-work trajectories representing the first 10 years in the labor market: employment, further education, further VET, and NEET. Multinomial regressions show that automation risk is not consistently associated with the type of school-to-work trajectory. We also investigate the relation between automation risk and starting wages and wage growth. We find that automation risk is negatively associated with starting wages, but not with wage growth.
Colorectal Sarcomatoid Carcinoma: 30-Year Experience
Authors: Souza Dante L. S. , Kelley Scott R.
Published: May 2024

Background: Primary colorectal sarcomatoid carcinoma is a rare and aggressive malignant neoplasm that displays mixed epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation, with uncertain histogenesis. First described in 1986, there is a paucity of literature related to this condition and there are no evidence-based treatment guidelines. The aim of our study is to present our 30-year experience with primary colorectal sarcomatoid carcinoma. Methods: Retrospective single-center analysis of all patients treated for primary colorectal sarcomatoid carcinoma from 1992 to 2022. The primary outcome was response to treatment strategy and overall survival. Results: A total of six cases met eligibility criteria. Three were male (50%) with a mean age at diagnosis of 59 years (range, 49-72). Four neoplasms were located in the rectum (66%) and two in the colon. Mean tumor size at diagnosis was 4.8 cm (range, 2.8-7.0). Three patients were treated endoscopically and three underwent oncologic surgical resection. Five experienced recurrence and one expired from other comorbidities. The mean survival among those with colonic and rectal sarcomatoid carcinoma was 7 months (range, 3-11) and 39 months (range, 9-60), respectively. Discussion: Primary colorectal sarcomatoid carcinoma is a rare malignant tumor with poor prognosis. Treatment modalities have not been standardized and despite multimodal therapy, disease recurrence and/or metastasis is likely to occur. Further studies are necessary to determine optimal treatment to improve outcomes.
The Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio Modifies Lipoprotein (a)-Related Poor Prognosis in Patients After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Lin Zhangyu , He Jining , Song Chenxi , Zhang Rui , Yuan Sheng , Bian Xiaohui , Dou Kefei
Published: May 2024

Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] could contribute to coronary artery disease (CAD) through proinflammatory effects. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an inflammatory biomarker. We consecutively enrolled 7,922 CAD patients to investigate the synergistic association of Lp(a) and NLR with prognosis in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). NLR was calculated as the neutrophil count divided by the lymphocyte count. Cutoff for NLR was a median of 2.07. The threshold value was set at 30 mg/dL for Lp(a). The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), including all-cause mortality and myocardial infarction. During 2 years follow-up, 111 (1.40%) MACEs occurred. Lp(a) > 30 mg/dL was associated with an increased MACE risk in participants with NLR ≥2.07 [adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 1.84; 95% CI, 1.12–3.03], but not in participants with NLR <2.07 (adjusted HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.38–1.45) ( Pinteraction = 0.021). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the synergistic association of Lp(a) and NLR with prognosis was more pronounced in female patients ( Pinteraction = 0.028). This study suggested that combining Lp(a) and NLR may be useful for risk stratification in CAD population.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Detection for Fenthion Pesticides Based on Gold Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Solid-State Substrates
Authors: Zhao Hang , Cui Xinyu , Zhang Panshuo , Zhou Min , Liu Chunlin , Shi Xiaofeng , Ma Jun
Published: May 2024

Current label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) assay for the detection and analysis of organophosphorus pesticides has achieved initial success, but the application still faces constraints of substrate portability and specificity. To this end, this paper demonstrates a method for portable, rapid, and specific detection of low concentrations of fenthion pesticides based on a solid substrate of gold nanoparticle monolayers combined with molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). The nano-monolayers were transferred to the surface of mercapto-silicon wafers by interfacial self-assembly technique to form a stable connection with S–Au bonds and, at the same time, prevent nanoparticles from dropping off during the surfactant removal process. Then, the fenthion MIPs were directly generated on the surface of the monolayer film by spin-coating with a pre-polymerization solution and ultraviolet-induced polymerization. Tests showed that the molecular imprint was able to accurately bind to fenthion, but not other molecules, in a mixture of structural analogs, achieving a low concentration detection of 10–8 mol/L. The composite substrate maintained a signal uniformity of a relative standard deviation (RSD)  =  7.05% and a batch-to-batch reproducibility of RSD  =  10.40%, making it a potential pathway for the extended application of SERS technology.
Pediatric Residents Knowledge of Penicillin Allergy
Authors: Oseni Lauretta A. , Tryfonos Anna , Basta Caroline , Vastardi Maria-Anna , Hammerschlag Margaret R.
Published: May 2024

Penicillin allergy knowledge has not been evaluated specifically in the pediatric resident population. An anonymous electronic survey was distributed to all the pediatric residents in a single residency program to ascertain knowledge of penicillin allergies and allergy history taking skills. Responses among each resident class were compared using the Fisher exact test, 2-tailed. A total of 46 (52%) of 88 pediatric residents completed the survey. Only 63% reported to have had prior penicillin allergy education. All residents incorrectly identified low-risk symptoms as high-risk symptoms. The knowledge of penicillin allergy was poor across all training levels with no improvement over the duration of training. There is large support in the literature for de-labeling penicillin allergy in patients. Pediatric residents evaluate patients in childhood when most of the allergy labeling occurs. We need to consider strategies for incorporating penicillin allergy education in pediatric residency training.
Government Religious Discrimination, Support of Religion, and Muslim Minority-Related Societal Violence in Western Democracies
Authors: Suntay Osman
Published: May 2024

Does government-based religious discrimination against religious minorities and government support of majority religion affect religiously motivated societal violence between minorities and majority religious groups in Western democracies? Analyzing Muslim minorities, this study tries to answer the question by looking specifically at the religious violence perpetrated by and against these minorities in the West. Using a novel cross-national time-series data on 25 Western countries disaggregated by victim and perpetrator groups, this paper finds that while discrimination contributes to a country encountering religiously driven societal violence perpetrated by both Muslim and majority religious groups, government support for majority religion seems to pose no security threat. Furthermore, a case study analysis of the UK employing the synthetic control method corroborates the results of the cross-country analysis. The findings have important policy implications for counter-strategies against both Islamic and right-wing violent extremism in the West.
A Web-Based Intervention for Insufficiently Active College Students: Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy
Authors: Hartson Kimberly R. , Della Lindsay J. , King Kristi M. , Liu Sam , Chatman Jade M. , Rhodes Ryan E.
Published: May 2024

Background:

One third of college students do not achieve aerobic activity levels recommended for physical and mental health. The web-based “I Can Be Active!” intervention was designed to help college students increase their physical activity. The intervention was grounded in the Multi-Process Action Control (M-PAC) framework which emphasizes translating intention into sustainable action.

Objective:

The primary purpose was to evaluate the feasibility of the intervention with insufficiently active young adult college students. The secondary purposes were to describe the preliminary effects of the intervention on: (1) the M-PAC constructs and (2) physical activity.

Methods:

Twenty-one college students, ages 18 to 24, were enrolled in the pre-post quasi-experimental study to test the 8-week intervention during Spring 2021. Data were collected via self-report questionnaires, web-analytics, and interviews. Feasibility outcomes included recruitment, retention, acceptability, practicality, and implementation. Preliminary efficacy outcomes were self-report M-PAC constructs and physical activity. Data analyses included descriptive statistics, t tests, Wilcoxon signed rank tests, Hedge’s g, and thematic analysis.

Results:

Recruitment and retention rates were 70% and 71%, respectively. Participants reacted positively to the program, content, and features, except the manual entry step tracker and private social media group. Positive trends and significant increases were found in the regulatory and reflexive M-PAC constructs (self-regulation, habit, and identity) and physical activity.

Conclusions:

Findings support the feasibility and preliminary effects of the intervention for insufficiently active college students and highlight implications for intervention refinement. Future research will test intervention effectiveness using a randomized controlled trial with a larger diverse sample of college students.
Decellularization and characterization of camel pericardium as a new scaffold for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
Authors: Jafari Sorkhdehi Muhammad Mehdi , Doostmohammadi Ali , Talebi Athar , Alizadeh Akram
Published: May 2024

Background

Valvular heart diseases (VHDs) have become prevalent in populations due to aging. Application of different biomaterials for cardiac valve regeneration and repair holds a great promise for treatment of VHD. Aortic valve replacement using tissue-engineered xenografts is a considered approach, and the pericardium of different species such as porcine and bovine has been studied over the last few years. It has been suggested that the animal origin can affect the outcomes of replacement.

Methods

So, herein, we at first decellularized and characterized the camel pericardium (dCP), then characterized dCP with H&E staining, in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility and mechanical tests and compared it with decellularized bovine pericardium (dBP), to describe the potency of dCP as a new xenograft and bio scaffold.

Results

The histological assays indicated less decluttering and extracellular matrix damage in dCP after decellularization compared to the dBP also dCP had higher Young Modulus (105.11), and yield stress (1.57  ±  0.45). We observed more blood vessels and also less inflammatory cells in the dCP sections after implantation.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the results of this study showed that the dCP has good capabilities not only for use in VHD treatment but also for other applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Changes in the central nervous system in football players: an MRI study
Authors: Urbanik Andrzej , Guz Wiesław , Brożyna Maciej , Ostrogórska Monika
Published: May 2024

Background

Football (soccer) is the world's most popular team sport.

Purpose

To comprehensively examine the brain in football (soccer) players, with the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques.

Material and Methods

The study involved 65 football players and 62 controls. The MR examinations were performed using MR 1.5-T system (Optima MR 360; GE Medical Systems). The examinations were carried out in the 3D Bravo, CUBE, FSEpropeller, and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences. The 1HMRS signal was obtained from the volume of interest in the frontal and occipital lobes on both sides.

Results

The present study, based on structural MRI, shows some changes in the brains of the group of football players. The findings show asymmetry of the ventricular system in four football players, arachnoid cysts in the parieto-occipital region, and pineal cysts. NAA/Cr concentration in the right frontal lobe was lower in the football players than in the controls, and the Glx/Cr concentration in the right occipital lobe was higher. The apparent diffusion coefficient value is lower in football players in the occipital lobes.

Conclusion

Playing football can cause measurable changes in the brain, known to occur in patients diagnosed with traumatic brain injury. The present findings fill the gap in the literature by contributing evidence showing that playing football may lead to changes in the brain, without clinical symptoms of concussion.
Sliding mode control of phase-type T-S fuzzy stochastic semi-Markov jump systems
Authors: Wang Shouying , Zhou Juan
Published: May 2024

In this paper, the sliding mode control (SMC) problem of phase-type semi-Markov jump systems (S-MJSs) is studied using Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy technology. A novel integral-type sliding surface with artificial delay has been constructed and applied for the first time to phase type S-MJSs, reducing system conservatism and enhancing control performance. Firstly, this paper presents sufficient criteria for the robust random stability of these systems by utilizing model transformation methods, supplementary variable techniques, and modal-dependent Lyapunov-Krasovskii function methods. Secondly, the sliding mode controller is designed using matrix technology. Finally, the effectiveness of this method is demonstrated through a simulation example involving a single-link robotic arm, and the comparison results show the merits to the existing achievements.
Input-to-state stability of discrete-time impulsive switched delayed systems with delay-dependent impulse under two asynchronous cases
Authors: Liu Zihan , Li Xiaohui , Sun Tao , Gao Lijun
Published: May 2024

This paper studies a class of discrete-time impulsive switched delayed systems with delay-dependent impulses, aiming to solving the input-to-state stability (ISS) problem in the case of asynchronous switching signal between subsystem and controller and asynchrony of switching signals and impulsive signals. Among them, the delay effect is handled by a new Lyapunov-Krasovskii function divided into a delay-dependent part and a delay-independent part. In contrast to admissible edge-dependent average dwell time (AED-ADT) methods that address switching signals, we propose admissible edge-dependent average impulsive interval (AED-AII) to deal with delayed impulses, thereby establishing the relationship between these methods and the decay rate. Meanwhile, a stabilizing controller for discrete impulsive switched linear delayed systems is proposed and the minimum average dwell time and controller gain are obtained. Compared with the previous work, the parameters of Lyapunov functional relation depend on the directed edges; the operation of subsystem is divided into asynchronous time and synchronous time, which are less conservative; the combination of AED-ADT and AED-AII can be applied to a wider range of impulsive switched systems. Finally, two examples are given to show the effectiveness of the results.
Dynamic event-triggered synchronization for semi-Markovian switching inertial neural networks with generally uncertain transition rates in finite-time interval
Authors: Wang Zhenhuan , Yang Yongbo , Qi Wenhai , Cheng Jun , Han Chunsong
Published: May 2024

This paper investigates the finite-time synchronization for inertial neural networks with stochastic switching parameters based on dynamic event-triggered protocol. Due to the complexity of network environment, semi-Markovian process is introduced into the modeling of inertial neural networks, in which the transition rates vary with the operating time. The dynamic event-triggered protocol is developed to determine whether the signal is transmitted, in which Zeno phenomenon is eliminated under limited bandwidth resources. The objective is to construct an appropriate dynamic event-triggered control law such that the drive-response system maintains finite-time synchronization under generally uncertain transition rates. Based on the Lyapunov functional theory, finite-time synchronization criterion is proposed for the related inertial neural networks. Furthermore, a dynamic event-triggered controller is constructed in a finite-time interval. A numerical example and an image encryption process are given to show the efficiency of the proposed method.
Testing for marginal covariate effect when the subgroup size induced by the covariate is informative
Authors: Anyaso-Samuel Samuel , Datta Somnath
Published: May 2024

In many cluster-correlated data analyses, informative cluster size poses a challenge that can potentially introduce bias in statistical analyses. Different methodologies have been introduced in statistical literature to address this bias. In this study, we consider a complex form of informativeness where the number of observations corresponding to latent levels of a unit-level continuous covariate within a cluster is associated with the response variable. This type of informativeness has not been explored in prior research. We present a novel test statistic designed to evaluate the effect of the continuous covariate while accounting for the presence of informativeness. The covariate induces a continuum of latent subgroups within the clusters, and our test statistic is formulated by aggregating values from an established statistic that accounts for informative subgroup sizes when comparing group-specific marginal distributions. Through carefully designed simulations, we compare our test with four traditional methods commonly employed in the analysis of cluster-correlated data. Only our test maintains the size across all data-generating scenarios with informativeness. We illustrate the proposed method to test for marginal associations in periodontal data with this distinctive form of informativeness.
A Qualitative Study Into the Relative Stigmatization of Mental Illness by Mental Health Professionals
Authors: Jauch Michael , Occhipinti Stefano , O’Donovan Analise , Clough Bonnie
Published: May 2024

Mental health professionals stigmatize mental illness, which has significant ramifications for public health and policy. Within this domain, there is a lack of comprehensive research on relative stigma, emotions, and behaviors and an absence of literature that can guide research on these topics. The current study sought to address these limitations. Unstructured interviews were conducted with 22 mental health professionals, and data were analyzed using a grounded theory approach. The current study identified a collection of mental disorders (e.g., borderline personality disorder), stereotypes (e.g., dangerousness), emotion-related responses (e.g., fear), and behaviors (e.g., helping) as being key to the relative stigmatization of mental illness by mental health professionals. The results also suggested that professional context and familiarity with mental illness decrease the stigmatization of mental illness by mental health professionals. These variables and constructs were combined to form a grounded theory of mental health professionals stigmatizing mental illness. The current study has implications for the direction of future research on the stigmatization of mental illness by mental health professionals and interventions that strive to mitigate this type of stigmatization.
Influence of mHealth-Based Lifestyle Interventions on Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression of Women With Gestational Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liao Rong , Li Yamin , Yang Hui , Luo Yaoyue
Published: May 2024

Background:

Symptoms of anxiety and depression are common in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Mobile health (mHealth)-based lifestyle interventions have been shown to be effective in improving glycemic control of these women.

Purpose/Objective:

The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of mHealth-based lifestyle interventions on symptoms of anxiety and depression in women with GDM.

Design:

A systematic review and meta-analysis or randomized controlled trials.

Setting:

Clinical or community-based settings.

Sample:

Nine studies involving 1,168 pregnant women with GDM were included.

Intervention:

mHealth-based lifestyle interventions.

Measures:

Symptoms of anxiety and depression quantitatively analyzed in clinical scales.

Analysis:

A systematic literature search was performed in electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane library, Embase, Web of Science, Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure to obtain relevant randomized controlled studies. A random-effects model was used to pool the results by incorporating the impact of the potential heterogeneity.

Results:

Findings revealed that when compared to usual care, women who received mHealth-based lifestyle interventions had significant improvements in symptoms of anxiety (standardized mean difference [SMD]: −0.55, 95% CI [−0.77, −0.33], p < .001; I2 = 67%) and depression (SMD: −0.51, [−0.72, −0.29], p < .001; I2 = 65%). Sensitivity analyses by excluding one study at a time showed consistent results. Subgroup analyses showed similar results in mHealth achieved by phone, websites, and applications, in mHealth targeting diet and exercise with and without psychological support, in mHealth lead by nurse with and without other clinical specialists, and in studies with different evaluating tools for anxiety and depression.

Conclusions:

mHealth-based lifestyle interventions could significantly improve the symptoms of anxiety and depression in women with GDM.
Firefighters in Action: How Strategic Improvisation Enables Agile and Creative Responsiveness in Complex Adaptive Systems
Authors: Mamédio Diorgenes Falcão , Pascuci Lucilaine , Meyer Victor
Published: May 2024

This study explored “how strategic improvisation (SI) enables agile and creative responsiveness in dynamic organizations recognized as complex adaptive systems.” We highlight “what” constitutes SI, “why” it is strategic and “how” it allows for agile and creative responsiveness. We advance the conceptualization of SI proposing it as “ an improvised deliberate practice that combines coupling unconventional ideas with emergency actions seeking new strategic patterns to indeterminacy.” This is the case of firefighters, with unique features, such as operating continuously in experimental conditions, exposure to failure, risk, and unpredictability, despite strict protocols to guide operations. Furthermore, agile and creative responsiveness in a complex system is the rule rather than the exception and, therefore, requires new adaptive managerial practices. Our findings provide the SI framework based on four main dimensions such as (i) resolvability; (ii) experimentation; (iii) interactivity; and (iv) sensemaking, composing a SI mechanism. Practical implications and future perspective were proposed.