bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of gluteal stretching vs. Lightback® on hip rotation range of motion and posterior chain flexibility in healthy subjects: a cross-over clinical trial
Authors: Cotteret Charles , Almazán-Polo Jaime , Guérineau Fabien , González de-la-Flor Ángel
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Hip range of motion (ROM) across various planes is necessary in sport-related activities. Static stretching was commonly used to improve hip ROM. The Lightback system, a novel compression device, has been developed to enhance hip mobility by applying controlled axial forces on the femur. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Lightback system in improving hip ROM and posterior chain flexibility compared to conventional static stretching.

Methods

A randomized cross-over trial was carried out in 31 physically active participants (62 lower limbs; n = 31 Lightback group (LBG) and n = 31 stretching group (SG)). Hip rotation at two positions of hip flexion (active and passive external (ER) and internal rotation (IR) at 0–90° hip flexion), total rotation ROM (TRROM), and the flexibility of the posterior chain (active knee extension test (AKE) and active straight leg raise (ASLR)) were measured before and after the stretching session.

Results

LBG demonstrated significantly greater improvements in hip ER and IR compared to the SG. Specifically, the LBG showed significant increases in active ER at 0° (p = 0.002) and 90° (p < 0.001) of hip flexion, as well as IR at 0° (p = 0.007) and 90° (p < 0.001). TRROM in neutral and at 90° of hip flexion also improved significantly in the LBG (p < 0.001). In passive ROM, the LBG exhibited significant increases in ER at 0° (p < 0.001), IR at 90° (p = 0.001), and TRROM at both positions (p < 0.001), compared to the SG. Regarding posterior chain flexibility, both groups improved in AKE and ASLR (p < 0.001), but the LBG showed a significantly larger effect in ASLR (p < 0.001), with no significant difference between groups in AKE.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that both the Lightback system and static gluteal stretching improved passive hip ROM. However, the Lightback system showed greater improvements in active ROM, particularly in external and internal rotation at various degrees of hip flexion, as well as in posterior chain flexibility. Notably, the Lightback system significantly enhanced large improvement in the ASLR test.
LIBERTARIAN PREMISES OF KNOWLEDGE COMMERCIALIZATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Authors: CIBOROWSKI Robert , TRZASKA Karolina , ZALESKO Marian
Published: February 2025

Academic freedom is part of the multi-faceted discourse on liberty. Enabling universities to fulfill their core mission of advancing knowledge is a fundamental element of pursuing academic freedom. The purpose of this article is to analyze the issue of academic freedom, including the conditions and processes involved in conducting research and accomplishing the objectives of higher education. Key factors in the process of knowledge production and commercialization include historical background, perception of independence paradigms, adopted university management models, and the size and structure of funding. Among the crucial premises for the commercialization of knowledge in higher education are the sense of community within the academic environment and accumulated past funding (related to the "Matthew Effect").
BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT STATE OF RESEARCH IN THE FIELD OF COGNITIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN LOGISTICS
Authors: HORZELA-MIŚ Anna , KMIECIK Mariusz
Published: February 2025

This study explores the development of cognitive technology in logistics research from 1998 to 2023 through a bibliometric analysis. Using data from the Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus, the research examines how knowledge in this field has evolved, focusing on global knowledge exchange and emerging research trends. The study employs a quantitative approach, utilizing a bibliometric analysis model supported by specific research questions. The analysis covers document sources, geographic origins, publishers, document types, and publication peaks. A keyword connection map illustrates key findings, revealing notable differences in publication numbers between the two databases, with Scopus containing a broader range of research areas. The United States is identified as a leading source of publications, primarily scientific articles. Key themes include demographics, controlled studies, cognition, logistics, machine learning, and technology. The research highlights the importance of bibliometrics in understanding knowledge dynamics and suggests further exploration of cognitive technologies in Logistics.
DETERMINANTS OF ENTERPRISE COLLABORATION ON INNOVATION
Authors: KIJEK Tomasz , MATRAS-BOLIBOK Anna , PODSTAWKA Beata
Published: February 2025

The paper explores the factors that impact a firm’s propensity to collaborate on innovation activities based on a questionnaire survey conducted with 104 innovation-active enterprises from Lubelskie Voivodeship, covering the years 2017-2019. The factor analysis was applied to categorize collaboration partners into institutional, market, and internal. To explain the enterprise’s propensity to collaborate on innovation, we employed two linear regression models. As determinants of cooperation, we included the absorptive capacity, the firm size, and the scale of activity. The results reveal that absorptive capacity, firm size, and scale of activity significantly enhance collaboration with institutional partners, while firm size has a greater impact on the propensity to collaborate with market partners among microenterprises compared to small enterprises. The findings underscore the role of innovation expenditures and firm-specific characteristics in shaping collaborative innovation behaviors, emphasizing the critical importance of partnerships for fostering innovation in enterprises.
ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE ACTIVITIES OF BUSINESSES AS A DETERMINANT OF CUSTOMER PURCHASING BEHAVIOR
Authors: KILIAŃSKA Katarzyna
Published: February 2025

The paper aims to identify the relationship between businesses engaging in socially responsible measures that affect the environment and society at large and the purchasing behaviors of customers, taking into account differences in their declared knowledge of ecological and social symbols. The paper presents the methodology and results of a survey conducted on a sample of 801 individuals. The research indicated that awareness of eco-labels positively influences the decision to purchase a product from an entity engaged in pro-environmental and pro-social activities. Customers are willing to pay more for a product labeled with an eco-symbol or social symbol. It was also demonstrated that individuals under the age of 35 are more likely to buy products from companies undertaking pro-environmental and pro-social initiatives. The findings of the research have practical value and can enable businesses to more effectively shape the purchasing behaviors of customers by undertaking pro-environmental and pro-social measures.
IMPROVEMENT OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN THE ENTERPRISE – CASE STUDY
Authors: ZADOIA Anatolii , GÓRKA Małgorzata , ŚLUSARCZYK Bogusław , WOŹNIAK Agnieszka , KASPERKIEWICZ Aneta
Published: February 2025

The article presents the improvement of the quality management system through the example of a selected manufacturing enterprise. Lean Management tools were applied, showing how the development of the enterprise is affected when using appropriate methods, tools, principles, and techniques of quality management. The article presents various stages of the 5S method, which was aimed at maintaining order and discipline at workstations through the development of appropriate habits by employees. In addition, a questionnaire was used to determine the knowledge and attitude of employees concerning the operation of the solutions introduced in the enterprise studied. The research presented in the article shows how it is possible to strive for a significant improvement in quality in the operation of a manufacturing enterprise without the involvement of financial resources.
Evaluation of the Fixed Population of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (lam.) Zepernick & Timler Along the Climate Variation in Benin (West Africa)
Authors: Ferdinand Guendehou , Bruno Djossa Agossou , Anselme Bio , Ephrem Assogbadjo Achille
Published: February 2025

Z. zanthoxyloïdes is a versatile plant that serves multiple purposes. Consequently, it faces significant user demand in Benin. The present investigation evaluated the abundance of this species and conducted an ecological analysis of the existing habitats that sustain its growth.
The inventory of Z. zanthoxyloïdes was carried out in 120 square 50 m x 50 m plots on mega-transets in the Lama, Wari-Maro and N'Dali classified forests and fallows that surround them. The results show that adult individuals are almost absent in fallow land and are found in natural forests (P< 0.05). As for juveniles, they are found in both natural forests and fallow.. The distributions of the diameter classes showed a good fit with the Weibull distribution .The density of Z. zanthoxyloïdes adult trees is greater in the Lama Classified Forest compared to the other two. The study reported that fallows currently contain more young individuals than natural forests. The confirmation of the species' vulnerability aligns with the previous report from the Benin Red List. Consequently, undertaking measures to support its natural rejuvenation becomes imperative in order to preserve the species for both current and future generations.
The Role of Soil Health in Enhancing Agricultural Profitability: An Economic Perspective
Authors: Kumar Rajendra , Srivastava R.P. , Choubey Sumati , Pratap Arun , Singh Mukesh Kumar
Published: February 2025

This paper also demonstrates that the health of the soil is central to improving the profitability of agricultural enterprises in economic terms. Hence, sustainable agriculture practices like conservation tillage and other compatible practices, organic farming and more techniques like vermicomposting and biochar application etc. have become inevitable in the Indian Scenario for maintaining resilience of the soil and for enhancing productivity. Out of the Government of India’s Soil Health Card launched in 2015, one can see how the use of soil test-based fertilizers is greatly encouraged, improving further the profitability of agriculture. Such as in Andhra Pradesh, evaluating various aspects of the enhanced method of monitoring of soil health and its parameters reveals promising results which have a positive impact on the state’s agriculture and farmers. A study identifies reduction in minimum soil tillage, retention of crop residue, and differential nitrogen replacement on the yield and profitability of crops. Moreover, initiatives like Agrivoltaics have started to surface in the effective management of Climate Smart Agriculture in diverse climates and uncertain monsoons. Signing legislation and applying the concepts of the market incentive affect the improvement of the soil quality for the enhancement of sustainable agricultural production and income. When such practices are adopted, the Indian farmers and the country in general will be in a better position to improve fertility of the soils, increasing crop yields and equally resulting to better positioned economic stability to the backbone of the economy the agricultural industry.
Properties of Soils of Medak District in Telangana State, India
Authors: Prasanthi R. , Sharma S. Harish Kumar , Shailaja K. , Meena A.
Published: February 2025

For the management of soil and plant growth the physicochemical study of parameters are crucial.The objective of this study is to do the physical and chemical analysis of soil samples collected from agricultural fields of Medak district and to provide information to the farmers. Soil samples collected from twenty mandals at three samples per mandal from 0-15 cm depth. Soil parameters like soil texture, pH, EC, organic carbon available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and Sulphur tested and recorded. Results shows texture varies from sandy clay loam to sandy loam. pH shows slightly acidic, neutral to slightly alkaline. Electric conductivity remains within the safe limits. The organic carbon recorded maximum low to medium in content, low in nitrogen content, medium to high range in phosphorous, potassium. The available sulphur recorded deficient to sufficient values. The findings suggest that farmers should adopt appropriate soil management techniques, such as crop rotation and conservation tillage which will add to maintain the soil physical characteristics to ensure the sustainability of agricultural practices and the long-term health of the soil.
On Certain Results On The Diophantine Equation: \(\sum_{{r}={1}}^{n}w^2_r+\frac{n}{3}d^2=3(\frac{nd^2}{3}+\sum^{\frac{n}{3}}_{r=1}w^2_{3r-1})\)
Authors: Obiero Beatrice Adhiambo , Simatwo Kimtai Boaz
Published: February 2025

Consider a sequence wr in arithmetic progression with a common difference d. he exploration of Diophantine equations, which are polynomial equations seeking integer solutions, has been a fascinating endeavor in number theory. These equations have historically intrigued mathematicians due to their inherent complexities and their importance in understanding the properties of integers. In this study, we investigate a Diophantine equation that relates the sum of squares of integers from specific sequences to a variable d. Specifically, we extend existing results on the Diophantine equation: \(\sum_{{r}={1}}^{n}w^2_r+\frac{n}{3}d^2=3(\frac{nd^2}{3}+\sum^{\frac{n}{3}}_{r=1}w^2_{3r-1})\). We aim to determine the conditions under which integer solutions for wr and d exist within this equation. Our methodology involves decomposing and factoring polynomials and exploring the solution set of the given equation.
Impact of Planting Dates and Cultivars on the Expression of HMW-GS, LMW-GS Genes and Gluten Quality in Wheat
Authors: Mahdi Saleh Abed Alwahed , Hamad Hadeel Sabbar , Farhood Ali Nadhim , AL- Ibrahimi Nada Mohammad Fadel , Mahdi Alaa Hussein Murad
Published: February 2025

A field experiment was conducted for the seasons 2022 and 2023 in Kerbala Governorate to determine the effect of some wheat varieties and planting dates on gluten protein levels, wheat quality, and expression of genes responsible for low and high molecular weight glutenin units (LMW-GS and HMW-GS).The experiment was implemented according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) according to the split plot arrangement, as the main plots included three planting dates (November 15, December 1, and December 15) and were symbolized by the symbols (D1, D2, and D3, respectively), while the sub-plots included four wheat varieties (Latifiya, Ibaa 99, Tamuz, and Rashid). Using qPCR at the second planting date (December 15th), we investigated gene expression and discovered that the "Ibaa 99" variety displayed the greatest levels of gene expression for both LMW-GS and HMW-GS while the "Rashid" variety displayed the lowest levels. With LMW-GS levels of 17.5 ± 1.7 mg/g and HMW-GS levels roughly 15.5 ± 1.4 mg/g, "Ibaa 99" also reported the highest gluten protein content on the same planting date. Between gene expression, protein synthesis, and gluten quality, our study revealed a substantial favorable connection (r = 0.95–0.99). Gene expression therefore raises protein synthesis and gluten quality. Because of its excellent day length and mild temperatures, second planting date—December 15th—seemed suitable for gene expression and protein synthesis. These results highlight the significance of timing planting to raise wheat yield and quality as well as of employing high-gene-expression wheat varieties such as "Ibaa 99." This paper shows how choice of planting date and type improves wheat quality and yield. Selecting high-performance varieties and matching planting times to environmental conditions will let researchers and farmers increase wheat yields and quality. These findings provide guidance for improving agricultural methods in many different settings.
Reducing Energy Consumption in the Formaldehyde Production Process
Authors: Fauzan O. K. Muhammad , Amalia Ilmi Nur , Nabila Chiera Shelgi Putri , Purdivami Radike Zahra Aisya
Published: February 2025

Formaldehyde is a substance that has been utilized for a long time due to its numerous benefits. This research article focuses on optimizing energy consumption in formaldehyde production from methanol using metal oxide catalysts. The Formox process is one of the main methods for formaldehyde production through the partial oxidation of methanol with metal oxide catalysts. In this process, energy released by the system is recovered and reused, making the overall energy consumption more efficient and reducing the required costs. By reducing the energy consumed in the production process, emissions released into the atmosphere will decrease, and profitability can be enhanced by lowering energy-related costs. The energy results before modification show a value of 43,030,653.8 kJ/h, while the modified system yields 26,766,429.7 kJ/h, achieving an energy efficiency improvement of 37.8%. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by Universitas Diponegoro and BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Improving Energy Efficiency with Reusage Outlet Stream of Heat Exchanger for Formaldehyde Production from Methanol
Authors: Iftinan Hasna Naila , Andari Chalista Nadhira , Khotimah Dinda Khusnul , Husna Hanum Iffah
Published: February 2025

Formaldehyde is one of the chemical products that has an important role in various industries with the percentage of global production consistently increasing over the past ten years. However, the production of formaldehyde requires considerable energy consumption. The purpose of this study is to examine other alternatives to improve energy efficiency in the formaldehyde production process. This study focuses on the reutilization of heat generated from the heat exchanger to minimize the net energy generated. The process modification was simulated using Aspen HYSYS and the net energy comparison between the original and modified process was calculated using the net-energy formula. The results show that the Net-Energy (NE) value for the original process is 18,839,836 kJ/h while for the modified process it is 4,123,000 kJ/h. This result shows that the modified process is efficient to reduce Net-Energy and can increase energy efficiency in the formaldehyde production process through the methanol dehydrogenase process. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by Universitas Diponegoro and BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Improving Purity of Maleic Anhydride Production by Multi-stage Distillation
Authors: Asyfianto Muhammad Askal , Kristiana Dila , Larasati Nadya Dewi , Fairuzza Shafyna
Published: February 2025

The maleic anhydride production via benzene oxidation is a highly exothermic reaction which causes the product temperature will increase then it needs to be cooled down with a heat exchanger. The modification process is needed to improve the purity of the maleic anhydride process by adding stage of distillation. Maleic anhydride with lower purity from the first distillation is then distilled again in order to improve its purity. The process modification was simulated using Aspen HYSYS and the comparison of maleic anhydride purity between the basic and the modified process is shown in the form of table based on the material stream. The results obtained that the purity of maleic anhydride for both basic and modified process is about 62.64% and 97.72%. This shows that the modified process has higher maleic anhydride purity compared to the basic process as the purity is closer to 100%. Therefore, this modification increases the maleic anhydride purity of the production through benzene oxidation process. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by Universitas Diponegoro and BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Examining Excess Mortality Associated With the COVID-19 Pandemic for Renters Threatened With Eviction
Authors: Graetz Nick , Hepburn Peter , Gershenson Carl , Porter Sonya R. , Sandler Danielle H. , Lemmerman Emily , Desmond Matthew
Published: February 2024

Importance

Residential evictions may have increased excess mortality associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective

To estimate excess mortality associated with the COVID-19 pandemic for renters who received eviction filings (threatened renters).

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study used an excess mortality framework. Mortality based on linked eviction and death records from 2020 through 2021 was compared with projected mortality estimated from similar records from 2010 through 2016. Data from court records between January 1, 2020, and August 31, 2021, were collected via the Eviction Lab’s Eviction Tracking System. Similar data from court records between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2016, also collected by the Eviction Lab, were used to estimate projected mortality during the pandemic. We also constructed 2 comparison groups: all individuals living in the study area and a subsample of those individuals living in high-poverty, high-filing tracts.

Exposures

Eviction filing.

Main Outcomes and Measures

All-cause mortality in a given month. The difference between observed mortality and projected mortality was used as a measure of excess mortality associated with the pandemic.

Results

The cohort of threatened renters during the pandemic period consisted of 282 000 individuals (median age, 36 years [IQR, 28-47]). Eviction filings were 44.7% lower than expected during the study period. The composition of threatened renters by race, ethnicity, sex, and socioeconomic characteristics during the pandemic was comparable with the prepandemic composition. Expected cumulative age-standardized mortality among threatened renters during this 20-month period of the pandemic was 116.5 (95% CI, 104.0-130.3) per 100 000 person-months, and observed mortality was 238.6 (95% CI, 230.8-246.3) per 100 000 person-months or 106% higher than expected. In contrast, expected mortality for the population living in similar neighborhoods was 114.6 (95% CI, 112.1-116.8) per 100 000 person-months, and observed mortality was 142.8 (95% CI, 140.2-145.3) per 100 000 person-months or 25% higher than expected. In the general population across the study area, expected mortality was 83.5 (95% CI, 83.3-83.8) per 100 000 person-months, and observed mortality was 91.6 (95% CI, 91.4-91.8) per 100 000 person-months or 9% higher than expected. The pandemic produced positive excess mortality ratios across all age groups among threatened renters.

Conclusions and Relevance

Renters who received eviction filings experienced substantial excess mortality associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.
Historical Redlining, Persistent Mortgage Discrimination, and Race in Breast Cancer Outcomes
Authors: Miller-Kleinhenz Jasmine M. , Barber Lauren E. , Maliniak Maret L. , Moubadder Leah , Bliss Maya , Streiff Micah J. , Switchenko Jeffrey M. , Ward Kevin C. , McCullough Lauren E.
Published: February 2024

Importance

Inequities created by historical and contemporary mortgage discriminatory policies have implications for health disparities. The role of persistent mortgage discrimination (PMD) in breast cancer (BC) outcomes has not been studied.

Objective

To estimate the race-specific association of historical redlining (HRL) with the development of BC subtypes and late-stage disease and a novel measure of PMD in BC mortality.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based cohort study used Georgia Cancer Registry data. A total of 1764 non-Hispanic Black and White women with a BC diagnosis and residing in an area graded by the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC) in Georgia were included. Patients were excluded if they did not have a known subtype or a derived American Joint Committee on Cancer stage or if diagnosed solely by death certificate or autopsy. Participants were diagnosed with a first primary BC between January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2017, and were followed through December 31, 2019. Data were analyzed between May 1, 2022, and August 31, 2023.

Exposures

Scores for HRL were examined dichotomously as less than 2.5 (ie, nonredlined) vs 2.5 or greater (ie, redlined). Contemporary mortgage discrimination (CMD) scores were calculated, and PMD index was created using the combination of HRL and CMD scores.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Estrogen receptor (ER) status, late stage at diagnosis, and BC-specific death.

Results

This study included 1764 women diagnosed with BC within census tracts that were HOLC graded in Georgia. Of these, 856 women (48.5%) were non-Hispanic Black and 908 (51.5%) were non-Hispanic White; 1148 (65.1%) were diagnosed at 55 years or older; 538 (30.5%) resided in tracts with HRL scores less than 2.5; and 1226 (69.5%) resided in tracts with HRL scores 2.5 or greater. Living in HRL areas with HRL scores 2.5 or greater was associated with a 62% increased odds of ER-negative BC among non-Hispanic Black women (odds ratio [OR], 1.62 [95% CI, 1.01-2.60]), a 97% increased odds of late-stage diagnosis among non-Hispanic White women (OR, 1.97 [95% CI, 1.15-3.36]), and a 60% increase in BC mortality overall (hazard ratio, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.17-2.18]). Similarly, PMD was associated with BC mortality among non-Hispanic White women but not among non-Hispanic Black women.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this cohort study suggest that historical racist policies and persistent discrimination have modern-day implications for BC outcomes that differ by race. These findings emphasize the need for a more nuanced investigation of the social and structural drivers of disparate BC outcomes.
Principles of Measurement and Assessment in Dermatology
Authors: Finlay Andrew Y. , Ali Faraz M.
Published: February 2024

This chapter describes why it is important to measure the severity of skin disease, what can and should be measured, who should do the measuring and how to interpret scores. The validation of measures is explained, including by electronic delivery. The concept of core outcomes is described, as are the clinical assessment tools used across the main inflammatory skin diseases. Many objective methods for measuring skin disease are being developed. The measurement of the impact of skin disease can be assessed by using a range of different quality of life measures, usually questionnaires, including disease specific, dermatology specific and generic measures that can also be used across medicine. Most measures are designed for use in adults, but there are separate questionnaires for use in specific age ranges such as children and adolescents. Skin disease can have a major secondary impact on the quality of life of partners and other family members: this impact is assessed by a parallel range of disease specific, dermatology specific or generic measures. There are also methods to measure the impact of skin disease on psychological health, on sexual functioning and on ability to work.
Principles of Topical Therapy
Authors: Buckley Deirdre A.
Published: February 2024

As well as quantifying the burden of skin disease, epidemiology provides a direct method for assessing the causes of skin diseases. Identification of causes is a necessary step in pursuing the ultimate goal of disease prevention. This chapter covers the importance of thinking in terms of population rather than individuals, and provides a summary of the substantial global morbidity caused by skin disease. Risk factors from genetics to environment are outlined, along with describing the natural history and associations of common skin diseases. Finally, there is a description of how the principles and data from epidemiological studies provide the cornerstone to planning appropriate dermatology services. The chapter closes by providing the reader with a glossary of terms and a checklist to help with reading epidemiological studies.
Principles of Phototherapy
Authors: McKenna Kevin , Ibbotson Sally
Published: February 2024

Phototherapy has been used since ancient times to treat diseases of the skin. Modern phototherapy includes narrow‐band phototherapy, psoralen and ultraviolet A (PUVA) photochemotherapy, UVA1 phototherapy and extracorporeal photochemotherapy or photopheresis. UVB phototherapy and PUVA are commonly used for treatment of psoriasis, atopic eczema, cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL) and vitiligo. UVA1 is mainly indicated for atopic eczema, sclerosing skin conditions and various subtypes of lupus erythematosus. Photopheresis is primarily used for CTCL and graft‐versus‐host disease. Patient selection for such therapies, administration methodology, adverse effects, patient and staff safety along with necessary clinical governance processes are discussed.
Genetic Defects of Nails and Nail Growth
Authors: Gordon Samantha , Paller Amy S.
Published: February 2024

Several genetic disorders manifest with nail dystrophy, allowing diagnosis and clues to seeking manifestations beyond the nail changes. Pachyonychia congenita results from abnormalities in one of five different keratin genes and can lead to exquisite pain on walking because of plantar foot involvement. Dyskeratosis congenita is a group of disorders with telomere shortening that often manifests with early oral and nail abnormalities, particularly dorsal pterygium. Dyskeratosis congenita is complex, with life‐threatening potential manifestations related to the development of squamous cell carcinoma, bone marrow failure and pulmonary fibrosis. Nail–patella syndrome has characteristic marked hypoplasia or anonychia of the nails, especially the thumbs, and should prompt investigation of the associated bone abnormalities. Hereditary anonychia can also be an isolated finding.
Genetic Disorders of Adipose Tissue
Authors: Millington George W. M.
Published: February 2024

Subcutaneous fat consists of white, brown and beige adipose tissue, with diverse metabolic, thermogenic, paracrine, endocrine and immune functions. Disorders of adipose tissue can be divided principally into: disorders of distribution of fat, the lipodystrophies, lipoedema and fibroadipose hyperplasia, disorders of excessive generalised accumulation of fat (in other words obesity), tumours and inflammation (such as panniculitis). There is increasing evidence of a hereditary component in the pathogenesis of all of these conditions.
Dermatoses Resulting from Disorders of the Veins and Arteries
Authors: Goldsmith Portia C. , George Christina
Published: February 2024

Dermatoses resulting from disorders of the veins and arteries are commonly encountered in medicine, not just by dermatologists, but also by others including vascular surgeons, paediatricians, care of the elderly physicians and in general practice. The ability to recognise and thus treat these conditions is therefore an important skill for physicians of all specialties. This chapter outlines conditions of arterial and arteriolar disorders, neurovascular disorders, telangiectases, malformations and venous disorders.
Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Becker Jürgen C. , Brownell Isaac , Kervarrec Thibault
Published: February 2024

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a highly aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer characterised by early and frequent metastasis resulting in a 5‐year disease‐associated mortality rate of more than 30% for all stages combined. Predisposing factors include immune suppression, chronic sun exposure and advanced age. The carcinogenesis of MCC is associated either with the clonal integration of Merkel cell polyomavirus DNA into the host genome or ultraviolet‐induced DNA mutations; both resulting in similar cellular aberrations. While MCC is still a rare cancer, its incidence is rising. Management of the primary tumour stage includes wide local excision, sentinel lymph node biopsy and adjuvant radiation. The main pillar of management of systemic disease is immunotherapy by immune checkpoint inhibition.
Impact of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder on employment and income in the United States
Authors: Hjerthen Isabella Gomez , Trápaga Hacker Cristina , Meador William , Obeidat Ahmed Z. , Horta Lucas , Mateen Farrah J.
Published: February 2024

Background and Objectives

We aim to characterize the sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with loss of jobs, income, and work hours in people with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) in the United States.

Methods

A REDCap‐based survey was administered to working‐age NMOSD patients (18–70 years old) querying demographic information, symptoms, immunosuppression, work hours, income, and caregiver work (11/2022–07/2023). Regression models were developed using MATLAB.

Results

Of 127 participants (97 female; 55% AQP4‐antibody, 19% MOG antibody; 69% Caucasian, 7% Hispanic), with an average diagnosis age of 38.7 years, average disease duration of 6.4 years, mean 3.1 attacks, and 94% of whom were treated with immune system‐directed therapy (53% rituximab, 8% satralizumab, 7% eculizumab, 6% mycophenolate mofetil, 4% inebilizumab, 2% azathioprine, 10% IVIg, 10% other), 56% lost a job due to NMOSD. Employment decreased 12% (80% pre‐ to 68% post‐diagnosis). Thirty‐six percent of participants said they no longer worked outside the home. Significant predictors for post‐NMOSD diagnosis employment status included younger age, lower pain level, no walking aids, and having a job prediagnosis.

Sixty‐eight percent of those employed prediagnosis reduced their work hours, dropping an average of 18.4 h per month since being diagnosed (±10.1 h). Average annual income grew slowly at $1998 during the average 6.4 years of disease duration (14% of the value predicted by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics). Sixty percent of participants had a regular unpaid caregiver; 34% of caregivers changed their work hours or job to help manage NMOSD.

Discussion

We provide a structured analysis of the impact of NMOSD on employment, work hours, and income in the United States, demonstrating its major effect on the livelihoods of patients and their caregivers.
Reconstructing Ferroelectric Polarization Screening of PbTiO3 by Epitaxial SrTiO3 for Efficient Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Du Peipei , Huang Jie , Ye Zixing , Zhen Chao , Liu Jianan , Yang Yang , Ren Zhaohui , Yin Lichang , Wang Lianzhou , Liu Gang
Published: February 2024

A large depolarization field in single‐domain PbTiO3 is anticipated to drive the spatial separation of photogenerated charge carriers and enable potential active sites for photocatalytic overall water splitting reaction. However, the negatively polarized surface usually cannot provide sufficient active sites for water oxidation to oxygen because of lacking oxygen vacancies, inevitably hindering photocatalytic water splitting reaction. Here, the ferroelectric polarization screening is reconstructed by a heteroepitaxial SrTiO3 film on the positively polarized surface of PbTiO3 nanoplates to generate abundant oxygen vacancies on the negatively polarized surface as active sites for water oxidation. Moreover, it is experimentally and theoretically revealed that the epitaxial SrTiO3 layer on the positively polarized surface is also beneficial for good dispersion of cocatalyst and the formation of low Schottky barrier height at the interface between the heterostructure and the cocatalyst for efficient electron transfer. Compared with pristine PbTiO3, the obtained PbTiO3/SrTiO3 heteroepitaxial structure with the simultaneous regulation of positively and negatively polarized surfaces delivered a greatly enhanced photocatalytic overall water splitting with stoichiometric ratio (2:1) of hydrogen and oxygen evolution by a factor of 15 times. These findings might open up a new avenue for the design of ferroelectric photocatalysts with excellent activity.
Tailoring Carbon Cathode Microstructure for Synergistic Integration of Hybrid Ion Capacitor and Dual‐Ion Battery
Authors: Yao Qianqian , Tang Pei , Xie Shiyin , Chen Yuecong , Dou Qingyun , Zhu Jian , Yan Xingbin
Published: February 2024

Hybrid potassium‐ion capacitors (PICs) and potassium dual‐ion batteries (PDIBs) represent two types of potassium‐based electrochemical energy storage devices. Their differences in the microstructure of carbon cathodes enable PICs and PDIBs to possess high power and energy density, respectively. Herein, a hybrid device integrating PIC and PDIB, called as dual‐ion capacitor‐battery hybrid device (DICB), is designed by modifying the microstructure of carbon cathode, to simultaneously acquire high power and energy density. By utilizing the carbon cathode combining highly‐disordered and pseudo‐graphitic microstructures, the resultant DICB demonstrates excellent energy density (320.4 Wh kg−1) and power density (15.9 kW kg−1) with 1.5‐4.5 V. By utilizing the carbon cathode having both pseudo‐graphitic and highly‐graphitic microstructures, the corresponding DICB can achieve an elevated energy density (351.7 Wh kg−1) within a wider voltage range 1.5‐5.0 V. Experiments reveal that in the mixed microstructures of carbon cathodes, highly‐disordered part mainly exhibits capacitive contribution, the pseudo‐graphitic part provides both capacitor‐ and battery‐type energy storage behaviors, and the highly‐graphitic part offers additional capacity through ion insertion/extraction in the higher voltage region. Consequently, the carbon cathode with mixed microstructure can introduce both capacitor‐ and battery‐type energy storage behaviors in a device, thereby regulating the energy and power output characteristics of the DICB.
Earthworm‐Inspired Co/Co3O4/CoF2@NSC Nanofibrous Electrocatalyst with Confined Channels for Enhanced ORR/OER Performance
Authors: Li Han , Yan Guilong , Zhao Haoyue , Howlett Patrick C. , Wang Xungai , Fang Jian
Published: February 2024

The rational construction of highly active and durable oxygen‐reactive electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction/evolution reaction (ORR/OER) plays a critical role in rechargeable metal‐air batteries. It is pivotal to achieve optimal utilization of electrocatalytically active sites and valid control of the high specific internal surface area. Inspiration for designing electrocatalysts can come from nature, as it is full of precisely manipulated and highly efficient structures. Herein, inspired by earthworms fertilizing soil, a 3D carbon nanofibrous electrocatalyst with multiple interconnected nanoconfined channels, cobalt‐based heterojunction active particles and enriched N, S heteroatoms (Co/Co3O4/CoF2@NSC with confined channels) is rationally designed, showing superior bifunctional electrocatalytic activity in alkaline electrolyte, even outperforming that of benchmark Pt/C‐RuO2 catalyst. This work demonstrates a new method for porous structural regulation, in which the internal confined channels within the nanofibers are controllably formed by the spontaneous migration of cobalt‐based nanoparticles under a CO2 atmosphere. Theoretical analysis reveals that constructing Co/Co3O4/CoF2@NSC electrocatalyst with confined channels can greatly adjust the electron distribution, effectively lower the reaction barrier of inter‐mediate and reduce the OER/ORR overpotential. This work introduces a novel and nature‐inspired strategy for designing efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts with well‐designed architectures.
Embedded Physical Intelligence in Liquid Crystalline Polymer Actuators and Robots
Authors: Feng Wei , He Qiguang , Zhang Li
Published: February 2024

Responsive materials possess the inherent capacity to autonomously sense and respond to various external stimuli, demonstrating physical intelligence. Among the diverse array of responsive materials, liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) stand out for their remarkable reversible stimuli‐responsive shape‐morphing properties and their potential for creating soft robots. While numerous reviews have extensively detailed the progress in developing LCP‐based actuators and robots, there exists a need for comprehensive summaries that elucidate the underlying principles governing actuation and how physical intelligence is embedded within these systems. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in developing actuators and robots endowed with physical intelligence using LCPs. This review is structured around the stimulus conditions and categorizes the studies involving responsive LCPs based on the fundamental control and stimulation logic and approach. Specifically, three main categories are examined: systems that respond to changing stimuli, those operating under constant stimuli, and those equip with learning and logic control capabilities. Furthermore, the persisting challenges that need to be addressed are outlined and discuss the future avenues of research in this dynamic field.
Structuring Cu Membrane Electrode for Maximizing Ethylene Yield from CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Han Jianyu , Tu Bin , An Pengfei , Zhang Jing , Yan Zhuang , Zhang Xiaofei , Long Chang , Zhu Yanfei , Yuan Yi , Qiu Xueying , Yang Zhongjie , Huang Xuewei , Yan Shuhao , Tang Zhiyong
Published: February 2024

Electrocatalytic ethylene (C2H4) evolution from CO2 reduction is an intriguing route to mitigate both the energy and environmental crises; however, to acquire industrially relevant high productivity and selectivity at low energy cost remains to be challenging. Membrane assembly electrode has shown great prospect and tailoring its architecture for maximizing C2H4 yield at minimum voltage with long‐term stability becomes critical. Here a freestanding Cu membrane cathode is designed and constructed by electrochemically depositing mesoporous Cu film on Cu foam to simultaneously manage CO2, electron, water, and product transport, which shows an extraordinary C2H4 Faradaic efficiency of 85.6% with a full cell power conversion efficiency of 33% at a current density of 368 mA cm−2, heading the techno‐economic viability for electrocatalytic C2H4 production.
Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis of Intrinsic High‐Temperature Ferroelectric 2D CuCrSe2
Authors: Wang Ping , Zhao Yang , Na Rui , Dong Weikang , Duan Jingyi , Cheng Yue , Xu Boyu , Kong Denan , Liu Jijian , Du Shuang , Zhao Chunyu , Yang Yang , Lv Lu , Hu Qingmei , Ai Hui , Xiong Yan , Stolyarov Vasily S. , Zheng Shoujun , Zhou Yao , Deng Fang , Zhou Jiadong
Published: February 2024

Ultrathin 2D ferroelectrics with high Curie temperature are critical for multifunctional ferroelectric devices. However, the ferroelectric spontaneous polarization is consistently broken by the strong thermal fluctuations at high temperature, resulting in the rare discovery of high‐temperature ferroelectricity in 2D materials. Here, a chemical vapor deposition method is reported to synthesize 2D CuCrSe2 nanosheets. The crystal structure is confirmed by scanning transmission electron microscopy characterization. The measured ferroelectric phase transition temperature of ultrathin CuCrSe2 is about ≈800 K. Significantly, the switchable ferroelectric polarization is observed in ≈5.2 nm nanosheet. Moreover, the in‐plane and out‐of‐plane ferroelectric response are modulated by different maximum bias voltage. This work provides a new insight into the construction of 2D ferroelectrics with high Curie temperature.
A Seamless, Large‐Area Silk‐based Interface for Immersive On‐Palm Tactile Feedback
Authors: Cao Chuan , Liu Haitao , Zhang Ye , Jia Weiqiang , Zhang Lei , Bao Hujun
Published: February 2024

Wearable haptic devices are developed as key components to enhance the highly immersive metaverse experience. However, conventional haptic devices enabling the sensation and interaction with virtual objects are often constrained by their bulky design, tethered operation, and physical interference with the skin, especially when integrated with human hands. In this study, a cross‐interface modification process that achieves the conversion of multilayered silk fibroin films from rigid to soft is reported. This modification is favorable for applications involving large angles and multiple degrees of freedom motions. By applying electrical current through silk‐based electrodes and utilizing a self‐designed circuit, virtual tactile sensations can be generated on the entire palm. The high flexibility, stretchability, tailorable modulus, and water permeability of silk substrates enable the electrotactile devices to maintain their functionalities without impeding fine movements and natural tactile sensations in the hand. This compact electrotactile system serves as a user's new interactive terminal through wireless communications. The intimate contact interfaces reduce the unstable adhesion commonly encountered in electrotactile applications, ensuring consistent sensation during hand motions. These materials design methods and integrated systems represent a significant advancement in fabricating and integrating large‐area soft electronics.
Phosphonated Heptamethine Dye Alleviates Radiation‐Induced Bone Loss
Authors: Long Lei , Wu Feng , Li Huijuan , Cao Xiaohui , Wang Yu , Tan Xu , Shi Chunmeng
Published: February 2024

High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are closely associated with osteoclast formation and function, resulting in bone loss. Herein, a novel ROS scavenger, named IR‐ALN, based on the heptamethine cyanine (Cy7) dyes is reported. IR‐ALN not only retains the inherent near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging and ROS scavenging activity of Cy7 dyes, but is also selectively absorbed by the osteoclast precursor cells, inhibiting osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption activity. Moreover, IR‐ALN exhibits bone‐targeted accumulation in a dose‐dependent manner and effectively alleviates bone and trabecular volume loss caused by X‐ray. The results suggest that IR‐ALN is a potential radioprotective agent that prevents radiation‐induced bone loss. Furthermore, the design strategy for IR‐ALN can be used as a reference for the development of new radioprotective agents.
AI‐Enabled Soft Sensing Array for Simultaneous Detection of Muscle Deformation and Mechanomyography for Metaverse Somatosensory Interaction
Authors: Suo Jiao , Liu Yifan , Wang Jianfei , Chen Meng , Wang Keer , Yang Xiaomeng , Yao Kuanming , Roy Vellaisamy A. L. , Yu Xinge , Daoud Walid A. , Liu Na , Wang Jianping , Wang Zuobin , Li Wen Jung
Published: February 2024

Motion recognition (MR)‐based somatosensory interaction technology, which interprets user movements as input instructions, presents a natural approach for promoting human‐computer interaction, a critical element for advancing metaverse applications. Herein, this work introduces a non‐intrusive muscle‐sensing wearable device, that in conjunction with machine learning, enables motion‐control‐based somatosensory interaction with metaverse avatars. To facilitate MR, the proposed device simultaneously detects muscle mechanical activities, including dynamic muscle shape changes and vibrational mechanomyogram signals, utilizing a flexible 16‐channel pressure sensor array (weighing ≈0.38 g). Leveraging the rich information from multiple channels, a recognition accuracy of ≈96.06% is achieved by classifying ten lower‐limb motions executed by ten human subjects. In addition, this work demonstrates the practical application of muscle‐sensing‐based somatosensory interaction, using the proposed wearable device, for enabling the real‐time control of avatars in a virtual space. This study provides an alternative approach to traditional rigid inertial measurement units and electromyography‐based methods for achieving accurate human motion capture, which can further broaden the applications of motion‐interactive wearable devices for the coming metaverse age.