bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LINEAR MEASURMENT IN WEST AFRICAN DWARF (WAD) AND WAD X RED SOKOTO GOATS
Authors: Ozoje M. O. , Herbert U.
Published: March 2021

Performance record of 76 West African Dwarf (WAD) and WAD X Red Sokoto (RS) kid were compared for efficiency of growth in skeletal dimensions. Genotype (P<0.01) affected all the measurement studied. Halfbred kids were superior in all body parts from birth till 150 day of age. Maternal effect did not contribute to better performance among the halfbred kids, although, it influence varied from 5-33% at different stages of growth in favour of the halfbreds. Season of birth (p>0.05) affected all measurement studied at birth except shoulder width. However, at 90 days and 150 days of age, seasonal influence became significant (p<0.05) on shoulder width and non significant for all other body measurements. At birth, kids born in dry season (October-April) had superior body length, shoulder width and leg length, but those born in the rainy season had superior hearth girth. Genotype x season interaction affected shoulder width significantly (p<0.01) at birth. While sex and type of birth did not significantly influence body measurement at any age.
EFFECT OF REPLACING MAIZE WITH GRADED LEVEL OF MANGO-SEED KERNEL MEAL ON THE PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILERS CHICKS AND CHICKENS
Authors: Faniyi G. F.
Published: March 2021

Eighty day-old broiler chicken were fed diets in which maize was replaced weight for weight with mango seed-kernel meal at 0, 10, 20, and 30% levels during starter and finisher phases of four weeks each. No significance differences (p>0.05) were observe in the final body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, mortality, feed conversion efficiency and feed efficiency ratio among the chicks. During the starter phase, the highest feed intake value (2001.81 g/birds) was recorded for diet IV and the least value was obtained for diet I (control diet). During  the finisher phase, however, the least feed intake value (773.24 g/bird) was obtained in respect of diet I while feed intake values were similarly high for others diets. It was, therefore, concluded that mango seed-kernel meal could be utilized by broiler chicks during the starter and finisher phase and it could serve as an alternative energy source to maize in broiler starter and finisher diets.
THE INFLUENCE OF SUPPLEMENTS OF COTTON SEED CAKE ON THE UTILIZATION OF SORGHUM GLUME BY THE GOAT
Authors: Adeloye A. A. , Fesetan J. O.
Published: March 2021

The influence of supplements of cotton seed cake (CSC)on the voluntary intake and utilization of sorghum glume (SG) by the goat was studied in a 4 x 4 Latin Square digestibility trial. The study involved a total of 12 West African dwarf goats made up of 8 dry, non-pregnant does and 4 bucks aged between 14 and 20 months with av, live weight of 13.7kg. there were diets in all made up of 3 experimental diets in which cotton seed cake replaced, in each case, 25, 50 and 75% of the sorghum glume. The control diet was the unsupplemented sorghum glume. The goats were fed dry matter at 4%  of body weight and water and mineral salt lick were provided ad-libitum. The dry matter intake (DMI) increased (P < 0.05) with CSC supplementation but the DMI value between 50 and 75% CSC levels were comparable (P > 0.05). Weight gains in all treatments were positive being highest (63.34±12.7 g/d) with the 50% CSC supplementation of the sorghum glume and lowest (11.67 ± 12.7 g/d) with the (control) unsupplemented sorghum glume. Increase in the oil seed cake supplementation of the sorghum glume resulted in increase (P < 0.05) in nitrogen intake across the treatment. Increase in the feed digestibility, nitrogen retention, digested feed energy and organic matter were significant (P < 0.05) up to 50% cotton seed supplementation of the sorghum glume. The performances of the goats on the 50% CSC and 75% CSC supplementation of sorghum glume are comparable (P < 0.05) in respect of feed intake, nitrogen retention and nutrients digestibilites. A juidicious use of the protein  concentrate for optimum feed intake and feed utilization makes the 50% CSC supplementation more desireable. A 50% cotton seed cake supplementation of the sorghum glume is recommended as suitable in the dry season feeding of the goat
THE EFFECTS OF GRADED LEVELS OF BREWERS' DRIED GRAINS AND MAIZE COBS IN THE DIETS OF PIGS ON THEIR PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS AND CARCASS QUALITY
Authors: Babatunde G. M. , Fetuga B. L. , Oyenuga V. A. , Ayoade A.
Published: March 2021

A TRIAL was run with 70 weaner Yorkshire and Yorkshire x Landrace pigs to determine the effects of graded levels of brewers' grains and maize cobs on the performance and carcass characteristics of pigs. The two products were included at the levels of 5, 10 and 15 while the protein contents of the diet were maintained at approximately 20% throughout the experimental period that lasted from the initial weight of 17.0 kg to the slaughter weight of about 92 kg. Pigs were slaughtered at the predetermined liveweight of 92 kg and were conventionally graded. The results showed no significant differences among treatments and between products with respect to average daily gains and efficiencies of feed utilization, but the average daily feed and digestible energy intakes were significantly affected for the weight range of 17 to 55 kg, but not for the other weight ranges. Generally, pigs on brewers° dried grains tended to perform better than those on maize cobs hut the differences were not always significant. With respect to carcass quality measurements, although there were no significant differences among treatment means, there was a tendency towards lower fat measurements and higher lean parameters as the levels of the products increased from 5 to 15%. There were some significant differences between the two products in the carcass measurements of pigs, and the measurements were closely alike in some other measurements. It is concluded that the two products can be conveniently used to replace the more expensive maize component at least up to the 15% level tested in this trial without seriously depressing the performance of pigs.
Economics of Livestock Production And Marketing in Nigeria*
Authors: Olayide S. O.
Published: March 2021

No abstract
Changes in Yield and Chemical Composition of Standing and Conserved Forage During the Dry Season in East Central Nigeria
Authors: Obioha F. C. , Ndukwe N.
Published: March 2021

The results of proximate analysis of five tropical forage species and two forms of conserved forage over sampling period of 147 days of dry Season are presented. Three plots of one Panicum maximum (Guinea grass), one plot of Cynodon nlemfuensis (giant star grass) and one plot of Centrosema pubesceus (centro) were used as sample plots. Trends indicated in the results suggest a general decline in crude protein, ether extract, dry yields and ash, and a progressive increase in crude fiber, dry matter content and nitrogen free extract from the conset the dry season in early November to the first rains in March in the next year, when trends were reversed. In the standing forage samples the mean values of the species were significantly different in all proximate constituents. These differences were generally higher between grass and centrosema than among grasses. There were also significant periodic effects between sampling dates for chemical constituents except ash which showed no significant periodic effect at 5% level. These differences were concentrated mainly within the few weeks of dry season. The mean crude protein values of grasses and grass silage during most of the dry season period fell substantially below the 6% level which is considered the minimum value for maintenance of Nigerian indigenous Fulani cattle. Dry season grass pasture and grass silage should therefore be supplemented for protein as from late November. Where legume pasture or hay is available and constitutes up to 20% of the roughage ration, supplementation does not appear to be necessary for cattle until late December, under Nsukka conditions.
Reproductive Losses in Female Goats
Authors: Falade S. , Sellers K. C.
Published: March 2021

RETROSPECTIVE surveys carried out in two divisions, Ibarapa and Badeku in Oyo State of Nigeria revealed that abortions, stillbirths, dystokias and perinatal deaths accounted for reproductive losses in goats between 1971 and 1974. The information collected has proved useful as a basis for designing or executing prospective surevys of these losses,
LOCAL PEPPERS AS SOURCES OF VITAMIN A AND COLOUR IN THE EGG YOLK
Authors: Ogunmodede B. K. , Eyo A. A.
Published: March 2021

Two varieties of peppers, Capsicum frutescence and Capsicum annum were included in rations for laying hens at 2%, 4% and 6% levels. Egg production was not affected by these levels of the peppers but larger egg sizes were obtained. The annum produced more carotene in the egg yolk than the frutescence. Similar results were obtained for the yolk vitamin A. Corresponding levels of the two peppers produced similar colours in the egg yolk and the dark-yolked eggs preferred by many consumers can be obtained with 4% and 6% levels of either peppers.
EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED PORCINE COCCIDIOSIS
Authors: Onawunmi O. A.
Published: March 2021

Two controlled field experiments in which the performance of groups of pigs were studied following daily exposures to large numbers of mixed sporulated coccidial oocysts are reported. Comparisons between control and principal groups were made on the basis of faecal oocyst counts (OPG) and body weight gains. On the basis of oocyst counts, experimentally in fected principals in both experiments developed substantial oocyst populations which reached a peak on the 9th day of infection and declined steadily. Therefore, environmental controls did not develop oocysts. Controls gained more weight on the average than the infected principals during the experiments. Microscopic examination of intestinal tissue sections from an infected principal that died on day 22 revealed the presence of several large cystic bodies in the mucosa of the caecum and large colon. It is suggested that these structures could be schizonts.
GENETIC AND DIURNAL VARIATIONS IN THE SERUM PROTEIN PROFILE OF YEARLING CAPRINE MALES
Authors: Ogbunike G. N. , Jeyakuma L. H. , Obi T. U.
Published: March 2021

12 GOATS comprising 4 of each of three breeds, namely West African Dwarf, Red Sokoto and crossbreds (West African Dwarf x Saanen), were bled alternately in the mornings and afternoons to evaluate their serum protein profile. The three breeds were similar in total serum proteins but not in protein profile. The crossbred goats had more albumin than the purebreds. Alpha and beta globulins occurred in equal proportions in the West African Dwarf and crossbred goats although the latter were extremely low in gamma globulins. The results imply a higher growth rate and susceptibility to infection of the crossbred goats and suggest the need for greater husbandry care by them.
CRUDE PROTEIN REQUIREMENTS OF GROWING CHICKENS UNDER NIGERIAN ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Njike M. C.
Published: March 2021

A FEEDING trial was carried out with Warren cockerels to determine the minimum crude protein requirements of growing chickens (6 - 14 Weeks) under the Nigerian (tropical) environment. Three series of diets with protein levels ranging from 13 to 22 percent were used for this study. The first series consisted of unsupplemented all-plant protein diets, the second and third series were the all-plant protein diets supplemented with methionine or methionine plus fishmeal respectively. Satisfactory growth and feed conversion efficiency were observed with increasing concentration of protein, changes in body weight being similar to the pattern observed with the baby chicks fed the same protein levels (Njike 1978a). Maximum weight gain was achieved by chicks on unsupplemented rations containing 20 and 22 percent protein and on 18 % protein diets supplemented with methionine or methionine plus fish meal. The result clearly showed that there is no advantage in supplementing grower rations with fishmeal; the most economic ration is unsupplemented 18% protein diet The performance of chicks on unsupplemented 18% protein diet or 16% protein diet supplemented with methionine or methionine plus fishmeal are comparable and are protein levels of choice for growing chickens under tropical conditions like Nigeria.
PUBERAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE NIGERIAN DWARF SHEEP
Authors: Orji B. I. , Steinbach J.
Published: March 2021

THE Incidence of the first behavioural oestrus (puberty) in 28 ewe lambs was investigated to determine the effect of the plane of nutrition on it. The ewes were randomly alloted and reared on two planes of nutrition: one exclusively on roughage (grazing and bay) the second roughage supplemented with concentrate at the rate of 454g a day from weaning to puberty. The ewe lambs were checked for standing heat with two vasectomised rams twice daily - mornings and evenings. The age and body weight at puberty and the average daily gain from weaning to puberty In unsupplemented ewes were 339.5 ± 7.8 days, 14.6 ± 0.9kg and 29.4 ± 4.7g respectively. The corresponding figures for the supplemented ewes were 262.0 ± 16.2 days, 16.2 ± 0.7kg and 73.0 ± 6.6g. The ewe lambs born as singles attained puberty at a younger age but lambs fed supplemented concentrate ration had a significantly higher growth rate and attained puberty at a significantly younger age and higher body weight than ewe lambs fed on roughage only. The durations of early postpuberal oestrus and oestrous cycle were 41.03 ± 2.94 hours and 18.00 ± 0.63 days respectively.
THE EFFECTS OF REPLACING FISHMEAL WITH BLOODMEAL IN BROILER FINISHER RATIONS
Authors: Dafwang I. I. , Offiong S. A. , Olomu J. M.
Published: March 2021

Experiments were conducted with Ross-type broiler chickens to determine the optimum level of inclusion of fish meal and the replacement value of blood meal for fish meal in broiler finisher rations. The optimum level of inclusion of fish meal was found to be 5%. Fish meal levels beyond 10 per cent tended to produce unacceptable fishy taste and odour in the meat. This level was successfully replaced by 4% blood meal without adverse effect on growth performance and taste or odour of the meat. The use of blood meal resulted in lower feed costs and feed cost per kg weight gain.
THE EFFECT OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE SPRAY TREATMENTS OF MAIZE COBS ON CONSUMPTION AND DIGESTIBILITY BY THE WEST AFRICAN DWARF SHEEP
Authors: Adeleye I. O. A.
Published: March 2021

A Sodium Hydroxide spray treatment of ground maize cobs was evaluated in a feeding trial with West African Dwarf rams. NaOH solution of 6% concentration was sprayed on ground maize cobs at the rate of 50 litres per 100 kg, representing a 3% NaOH treatment level. The treated maize cobs were air dried before being incorporated into the experimental diets. The apparent digestibility coefficients for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF) and gross energy (GE) were significantly higher in the diet containing NaOH — treated maize cobs (diet B) than the diet containing the untreated maize cobs (diet A). Addition of sucrose (purified cane sugar) at 37 level to the NaOH-treated maize cobs (diet C) produced a slight increase in voluntary feed consumption but did not have any significant effect on nutrient digestibility when compared with diet B. Relative intake (RI), nutritive value index (NVI) and digestible energy (DE) intake values were significantly higher in diets B and C. Average daily weight gains were also significantly higher in the diets containing NaOH-treated maize cobs (diets B and C), while the efficiency of feed utilization values were closely related to the daily weight gains.
Abstracts of papers
Authors: NSAP NJAP
Published: March 2021

No Abstract
THE STABILITY OF WET T1 CONTAGIOUS BOVINE PLEUROPNEUMONIA VACCINE
Authors: Garaba S. A. , Imogie U.
Published: March 2021

THE stability of wet T1 contagious bovine plenropneumonia (CBPP) Vaccine stored at 4°C was studied. Two large batches of the vaccines were stored at 4°C for up to 5 months. From the third month of storage, the vaccines were used to vac­cinate CBPP-free animals. The immune levels of the animals were monitored by complement fixation test (CET) and challenge trial. The results indicated that all the vaccinated animals produced reasonable an­tibody titres even after 5 months storage. Also, all the animals vaccinated with vaccines stored between 3 to 5 months resisted infection by contact while ail the incubated and control animals came down with the disease. The results indicated that the vaccine could actually be stored for up to 5 months at 4°C before use.
INFLUENCE OF CONCENTRATE SUPPLEMENTATION WITH BROWSE PLANT (GLIRICIDIA SEPIUM) ON NUTRIENT UTILIZATION AND GROWTH OF THE WEST AFRICAN DWARF (FOUTA DJALLON) KIDS
Authors: MBA A. U. , MANIGUI S. A. , AWAH A. A.
Published: March 2021

TWELVE West African dwarf (Fouta Djallon) kids, 4 to 6 months of age and weighing between 5.96 and 7.24kg, were used in the study of three dietary treatments involving a basal diet of browse plant (gliricidia Septum) supplemented with concentrate feed at 25 and 50% levels of dry matter intake to appetite. The diets were fed for a period of three months in order to estimate nutrient intake and utilization, protein and energy requirements including growth performances of the kids. 
Kids maintained on gliricidia sepium alone (G1000CO) needed significantly (P/0.05) more dry matter (DM) consumption to appetite (294.66 ± 14.941 g/day) than kids maintained on either 75% gliricidia sepium plus 25% concentrate (G75 C25) or 50% gliricidia sepium plus 50% concentrate (GC)50 (236.26±0.385kg) than either kids on treatments G100C0 or (GC)50 (6.84±0.214 and 6.92±0.313kg respectively). DM intake as a percentage of liveweight was about 3.60 +0.237%. 
The kids were in positive nitrogen balance and the nitrogen retention value ranged from 31.36 ±1.633 to 50.22 ±0.994%. Metabolic faecal nitrogen (MFN) and endogenous urinary nitrogen (ENU) were 0.232±0.005g/100g DM intake and 0.070 g/day wkg734 respectively. The biological value (BV) of the diets ranged from 56.79 to 75.62%. The digestible crude protein (DCP) requirement for maintenance was 0.853±0.133 g/day/wkg734 while the DCP requirement for liveweight gain was 0.030±0.001 g/day/wkg734 per g of liveweight gain. The digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable (ME) energy requirements for maintenance were 124.42±3.274 kcal/day/wkg734 and 100.78 + 4.588 kcal/day/wkg734 respectively. 
Results showed that the utilization of the browse plant (gliricidia sepium) by the kids was best when fed at 75% browse plus 25% concentrate.
DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION OF INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE (GUMBORO) VACCINE IN NIGERIA
Authors: OKEKE E. N. , TANIMU T.
Published: March 2021

An infectious bursal disease virus strain obtained from an pathogenic strain that was attenuated in em-bryonated eggs, is produced in a primary culture of chicken embryo fibroblast, (CEF). This virus has been passaged 10 times further in CEF, and is now intended for use in the active immunisation of chickens against IBD. The vaccinę virus replicates well in CEF giving a titer of up to107.5 TCID50 per ml.  In spite of its pathogenicity for CEF, the vaccine has no pathogenicity for chickens as shown by the absence of gross and histopathological lesions in the bursa of Fabricius (BF) of birds infected with it. Immunogenicity is retained and infact compares favourably with those of other IBD virus strains. The vaccine virus does not revert back to its original pathogenicity but can be adversely affected by storage at room temperature and at 37°C. It could however be stored at +2°C to +8°C or lower for up to six months without loss in potency, The vaccine can be administered by mouth or intramuscularly and as low as 50 TCID50 per bird guarantees full protection. However, as much as 125,000 times the guaranteed dose per bird has been administered without any observable changes in the BF of the affected birds. The field dosage is calculated so that at least one guaranteed dose (i.e. 50 TCID50 ) is still available to each bird even after incubation at 37°C for 7 days. The vaccine did not depress the immune response of chickens to ND vaccine intraocular when administered concurrently with it. The vaccine was tested for safety and immunogenicity in a population of two isolated flocks totalling 8504 birds. The immune status of a flock tested was significantly enhanced as a result of the vaccination (Table 6). More than 10.8 million doses have been issued to the field from 1979 to 1982 and the demand is increasing. Every batch of vaccine produced is tested for viability in CEF, sterility in bacterial culture media and for safety and potency in chickens.
THE EFFECTS OF IBD FIBROGUM-BOVAC VACCINE AND A COMMERCIAL VACCINE ON THE BODY WEIGHT BURSAL WEIGHT AND DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIBODIES IN BROILERS
Authors: OKEKE E. N. , CHOJI C. , NJIKE M.C.
Published: March 2021

A CHICKEN embryo-fibroblast (CEF) cell culture-adapted infectious bursal disease vaccine (Fibrogumbovac) and a commercial vaccine were studied for their effects on the rate of growth, bursal atrophy and the attainment of antibody level in 450 broilers. 

No appreciable difference in weight was observed in vaccinated birds when compared with unvaccinated control birds. The birds were vaccinated at the age of 4 week and at 9 week of age the average weights for birds vaccinated with IBD Fibrogum-bovac, the commercial vaccine and unvaccinated controls were respectively 1.949, 2.014 and 1,900kg. The vaccinated birds did not gain weight as rapidly as the controls between the 9th and 14th week (Table 1).

The relative weight loss per week for the last five weeks (10th to 14th week) averaged 0.7 per cent for the IBD Fibrogumbovac vaccinated birds as compared with control birds. 

The highest antibody levels recorded in vaccinated birds at the end of two weeks were 1:1024 for Fibrogumbovac, and 1:16 for the commercial vaccine. On the third day after vaccination when the bursa of Fabricius was expected to be largest the average weight of the buçsa of 5 birds was found to be 0.250, 0.135 and 0.245 per cent of body weight respectively for birds vaccinated with IBD Fibrogun-bovac vaccine, the commercial vaccine, and unvaccinated controls.
POTENSI EKSTRAK Jatropha multifida TERHADAP EKSPRESI VEGF APHTHOUS ULCER Rat norvegicus
Authors: Wijayanti Ch. Destri Wiwis , Sudiana I Ketut , Nugraha Jusak
Published: March 2021

Aphthous ulcer is the most common oral mucosal disease occurring in up to 25% of the world's human population. In general, therapy is more directed to pain control and hope of faster healing. Increased use of the drug with the original content on the grounds more free toxic effects, easy to obtain and affordable prices cause the use of plants as ingredients of medicine to be an alternative choice. Jatropha multifida known as betadin plant is a plant with bioactive ingredients flavonoids, diterpenoid, tannins and saponins have been widely used as medicinal plants.Research on aphthous ulcer in mouth mucosal of Rat norvegicus was made by using heated burnisher and using 54 Rat norvegicus rats divided into five groups were normal group, K0 (CMC-Na3%), P1 (2.5% JM); P2 (5% JM) and P3 (JM 10%). Giving a topical extract of J.multifida done 2 times a day then sacrificed on day 3 and day 5. VEGF expression in aphthous ulcer in the mouth tissue by immunohistochemical staining. The result of statistical analysis on VEGF expression showed significant difference (p
ANALISIS RESIDU ANTIBIOTIK TETRASIKLIN PADA DAGING AYAM BROIlER DAN DAGING SAPI
Authors: Andini Ary
Published: March 2021

Tetracycline are antibiotics with broad-spectrum that used routinely in veterinary medicine for animal treatment and prevention from infectious diseases. But, consuming antibiotics for long time and exceeding standards can lead to accumulation of antibiotic residues in the body. Based on SNI 01-6366-2000, the maximum residual limit (BMR) of tetracycline antibiotic is 0.1 mg/kg in meat.The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of tetracycline residues in broiler chicken meat and beef that obtained in East Surabaya namely Manyar market, Sinar Baru market, Ampengan Batu market, Tenggilis Mejoyo market, Krempyeng market, Soponyono market, and Gunung Anyar market. This study used Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) as qualitative test and Spectrophotometric method as a quantitative test to determine the residual levels of tetracycline antibiotics. This study was conducted on March 15 onto May 2 2019. Based on the study, about 32 broiler chicken and 13 beef samples detected by the TLC method showed that had negative results, there was no containing tetracycline residues in samples. Awhile the results of the spectrophotometric method showed that as many as 31 samples of broiler chicken and 13 beef samples showed that had positive results containing residues of tetracycline antibiotics that exceed of the standard. Based on the results obtained that average concentration of tetracycline in samples of broiler chicken meat about 1,7 mg/kg and 0,8 mg/kg in beef samples. Descriptively,tetracycline residues in broiler chicken meat were higher than beef.
KOMBINASI BILAKUPU (BIJI LABU KUNING DAN KUNYIT PUTIH) DALAM MENURUNKAN HIPERKOLESTEROLEMIA
Authors: Puspaningdyah Evita
Published: March 2021

Kolesterol merupakan senyawa lemak yang lunak, seperti lilin yang diproduksi oleh hati dan sisanya diperoleh dari makanan. Hiperkolesterolemia adalah kadar kolesterol yang melebihi batas normal dalam darah atau >200mg/dl(nilai normal 40-130 mg/dl). Biji labu kuning (Cucurbita moschata) dan kunyit putih (Curcuma mangga Val.) merupakan tanaman yang mudah didapatkan di Indonesia.Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi serbuk biji labu kuning (Cucurbita moschata) dan rebusan kunyit putih (Curcuma mangga Val.) dalam menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah pada mencit. Pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan studi eksperimental yaitu denganmenggunakan  30 ekor mencit yang dibagi menjadi 3 kelompokyaitu kontrol normal(kandang 1)dengan pemberian pakan ayam cp 511, kontrol positif (kandang 2) dengan pemberian jeroan ayamdan kontrol terapi(kandang 3)dengan pemberian BILAKUPU.Hasil penelitian menunjukkanadanya perbedaan antara kelompok kontrol positif dengan kelompok kontrol terapi yang ditunjukkan dengan uji statistik yaitu uji Paired T-Test menunjukkan hasil signifikansi 0,000 (p < 0,05) yang menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi BILAKUPU dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah secara bermakna.
IDENTIFIKASI DAN HITUNG ANGKA KAPANG PADA KULIT APEL PASCA PANEN DI DAERAH BATU, MALANG
Authors: Alfanda M. Yunas
Published: March 2021

Kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat terhadap kesehatan pangan, membuat banyak terjadi kasus kontaminasi bahan pangan oleh mikroba. Salah satu mikroba yang mencemari bahan pangan adalah kapang. Penelitian ini bertujuanuntukmengidentifikasi dan menghitung jumlah kapang penyebab pembusukan pada kulit buah apel pascapanen di daerah Batu, Malang. Kapang adalah jamur multiseluler yang memiliki hifa yang menjadi ciri khas pembeda dengan khamir. Selain itu, kapang juga dapat menghasilkan mikotoksin yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan manusia. Sampel diambil secara acak dari perkebunan apel di daerah Batu. Identifikasi menggunakan metode Mounting Block dan media Saboroud Dextrose Agar (SDA), dan penghitungan jumlah kapang menggunakan metode Angka Kapang Khamir Cawan Tuang. Identifikasi mengguanakan mikroskop dengan perbesaran 400x, diamati berdasarkan morfologi hifa, konidia dan konidiofornya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya Aspergillus niger pada kulit buah apelsebanyak 5×101sampai 7×101. Kapang jenis inipaling mudah dijumpai padabuah-buahan. Selain pada buah-buahan, Aspergillus niger juga bisa diisolasi dari tanah, udara, dan serasah daun. Perlakuan buah apel pascapanen dan waktu penyimpanan berpengaruh pada jumlah kapang yang tumbuh. Batas cemaran mikroba untuk buah apel (kategori buah kering) pada jenis cemaran mikroba kapang adalah <5 x 101.
PENGARUH IBU BEKERJA TERHADAP PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF PADA BAYI USIA 0-6 BULAN (Di Rumah Sakit Islam Jemursari Surabaya Provinsi Jawa Timur)
Authors: Dewi Ratna Sari
Published: March 2021

Pemberian ASI di Indonesia belum dilaksanakan sepenuhnya. Upaya meningkatkan perilaku menyusui khususnya ASI Ekslusifmasih dirasa kurang. Permasalahan yang utama adalah faktor sosial budaya, kesadaran akan pentingnya ASI, pelayanan kesehatan dan petugas kesehatan yang belum sepenuhnya mendukung Program Peningkatan Pemberian ASI (PP ASI), gencarnya promosi susu formula, dan ibu bekerja.Karena dari sekian ibu yang bekerja tidak memberikan ASI Eksklusiflebih memberikan susu formula dari 3 bayi yang mendapatkan ASI Eksklusifsedangkan dari 7 bayi tidak mendapatkan ASI Eksklusif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh ibu bekerja terhadap pemberian ASI eksklusifpada bayi usia 0-6 bulan di Rumah Sakit Islam Jemursari Surabaya Provinsi Jawa Timur.Desain penelitian ini adalah AnalitikCrossSectional.Populasinya ibu yang memiliki bayi usia 0-6 bulan yang berkunjung ke Rumah Sakit Islam Jemursari Surabaya Provinsi Jawa Timur 43 orang. Tehnik sampling menggunakan ConsecutiveSamplingdengan responden ibu bekerja 31 orang dan responden ibu tidak bekerja 9 orang sejumlah 40 orang.Instrumen penelitian menggunakan lembar observasidengan pengolahan data editing, coding, tabulatingdan uji statistik menggunakan Fisher Exact Test. Hasil penelitian pada  ibu bekerja yang memberikan ASI Eksklusif pada bayinya usia 0-6 bulan sebanyak 4 responden (12,9%), ibu bekerja yang tidak memberikan ASI Eksklusif  pada bayinya usia 0-6 bulan sebanyak 27 responden (87,1%) dan ibu tidak bekerja yang memberikan ASI Eksklusif pada bayinya usia 0-6 bulan sebanyak 7 responden (77,8%), ibu tidak bekerja yang tidak memberikan ASI Eksklusif  pada bayinya usia 0-6 bulan sebanyak 2 responden (22,2%).  Hasil uji Fisher Exact Test menunjukkan nilai signifikansi r= 0,001 <a(0,05), sehingga H0 ditolak. Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh Ibu bekerja terhadap Pemberian ASI Eksklusifpada Bayi Usia 0-6 Bulan di Rumah Sakit Islam Jemursari Surabaya Provinsi Jawa Timur. Ibu lebih aktif untuk memberikan ASI Eksklusif pada bayi usia 0-6 bulan dengan cara bertanya pada petugas kesehatan, membaca buku, mengikuti penyuluhan tentang manfaat ASI Eksklusifpada ibu bekerja.
A escrita numérica de pessoas com surdocegueira
Authors: Rocha Luiz Renato Martins da , Vasconcelos Norma Abreu e Lima Maciel de Lemos , Costa Maria da Piedade Resende da
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this text is to investigate the way in which people with deafblindness write numerically and the relationship between numerical writing and the mathematical thinking of these subjects. We started from the hypothesis that some of the difficulties of these people when learning certain school contents were related to this type of writing, which we assumed was closer to Libras than to the Portuguese language. The methodological approach used was exploratory and descriptive research, of a qualitative nature with field research, with three people with deafblindness. The results point to a numerical writing, already transcoded, more focused on the Portuguese language than on the sign language, differing from what happens with deaf people and approaching the writing of hearing people. We conclude that it is possible to infer about the mathematical thinking of people with deafblindness more influenced by the Portuguese language than by the sign language.
A trajetória de Mário Pedrosa em suas primeiras apropriações do marxismo (1919-1931)
Authors: Alves Juliana Rodrigues
Published: March 2021

Este artigo analisa criticamente a trajetória intelectual de Mário Pedrosa ao longo da década de 1920 e início da década de 1930, período em que o autor realiza suas primeiras apropriações do marxismo em busca de uma análise do Brasil. Maior ênfase é dada para “Esboço de uma análise da situação econômica e social do Brasil” (1931), texto de Pedrosa em parceria com Lívio Xavier. A identificação de um clima incipiente de difusão e desenvolvimento do marxismo no Brasil, em parte combinado com os passos incertos dos primeiros anos do Partido Comunista Brasileiro (PCB) e com as mudanças teóricas da Internacional Comunista, permite compreender as possibilidades concretas de elaboração de análises originais como a que Mário Pedrosa realiza, bem como elucidar os significados mais profundos de sua trajetória.
“Água enquanto...”: estudo das múltiplas performances da água no contexto de escassez hídrica do Distrito Federal
Authors: Inácio Larissa Do Carmo
Published: March 2021

O propósito deste estudo é inserir a questão hídrica e suas performances nos debates das Ciências Sociais, a partir de sua entrada nos Estudos Sociais de Ciência e Tecnologia (ESCT), tomando como principal eixo teórico as contribuições dos autores e autoras da Pós-Teoria Ator-Rede (Pós-TAR). Buscou-se mapear como as diferentes performances discursivas da água, em torno do recente contexto de escassez hídrica pelo qual o Distrito Federal passou, entre os anos de 2016 e 2018, se distinguiram, quais atores e atoras estiveram envolvidos nessa rede e de quais maneiras essas distinções estão presentes em seus discursos. O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar a arena do conflito hídrico, mobilizado pelo contexto de escassez, como um local de performatização de atores não humanos no mundo social. Conduzidas as análises de conteúdo dos múltiplos atores e atoras sobre a questão, se buscou observar nessas performances discursivas os modos de coordenação e descoordenação que permitem a performatização da água enquanto parte de múltiplas realidades.
Luta e resistência: a importância de manter viva a memória de 1968
Authors: Camargo Juliana Marques de Carvalho
Published: March 2021

O ano de 1968 foi um marco para o mundo, o momento era de contestação sobre a ordem vigente. O movimento iniciado neste ano se estendeu para vários países, constituindo-se como um dos mais importantes do século XX. O Brasil também não se isolou do contexto mundial, embora estivesse em um regime militar. O presente trabalho, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, tem como objetivo realizar uma reflexão, fundamentada na perspectiva da memória e esquecimento (CARDOSO, 1999; 2001) e do conceito de “justa memória” de Paul Ricouer (2007), sobre a necessidade de manter presente a rememoração do que representou o ano de 1968, principalmente no Brasil. Para tanto, daremos ênfase à invasão da Universidade de Brasília, ocorrida em agosto deste ano, partindo da hipótese de Valle (2018), de que a partir deste episódio é concretizado o fechamento do regime por meio do Ato Institucional 5.
Nominata de Pareceristas
Authors: Editorial Comissão
Published: March 2021

Lista de pareceristas que contribuíram para a construção do primeiro número do sétimo volume da Revista Sociologias Plurais.
Acessibilidade e Turismo no Centro Histórico de São Luís (Maranhão, Brasil)
Authors: Leite Ângela Roberta Lucas , Câmara Rosélis Barbosa , Silva Yasmin Alessandra Lima da
Published: March 2021

A temática da acessibilidade ganhou espaço na pauta de discussão da sociedade nas últimas décadas e, apesar de algumas conquistas, ainda é necessário percorrer uma longa trajetória até que seja alcançado o princípio estabelecido na Constituição Federal Brasileira, previsto no art. 3º, inciso I, de uma sociedade livre, justa e igualitária para todos os cidadãos, indistintamente. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho teve como objeto de estudo o turismo acessível no centro histórico de São Luís, lançando um olhar especificamente para o bairro histórico e turístico da Praia Grande. O objetivo foi analisar as condições de acessibilidade para cadeirantes em espaços e equipamentos públicos existentes no referido bairro, tendo a NBR 9050/2015 como princípio de análise. Para tanto, foram adotados procedimentos metodológicos de abordagem qualitativa, com etapa exploratória, durante a qual foram aplicados questionários às pessoas com deficiência (cadeirantes), além do método de observação empírica do local. A pesquisa apontou que a infraestrutura existente no bairro não é suficientemente adaptada para a realidade da pessoa com deficiência que utiliza cadeiras de rodas, violando, assim, a garantia de autonomia e seguridade a esse público.
Propostas de Valor das Plataformas de Consumo Colaborativo no Turismo: o caso EatWith e Worldpackers
Authors: Barbosa José William de Queiroz , Barbosa Maria de Lourdes De Azevedo
Published: March 2021

Este estudo tem por objetivo discutir o tema consumo colaborativo a partir de análises das plataformas virtuais de compartilhamento EatWith e WorldPackers, identificando as suas propostas de valor e estabelecendo relações com o modo de consumo da geração Millennial. Esta geração se caracteriza pela grande familiaridade com as redes, são pessoas que utilizam a internet para várias funções do cotidiano, inclusive para organizar viagens (EXPEDIA, 2016). Para tanto, os construtos economia compartilhada, propostas de valor e comportamento de consumo dos Millennials fundamentaram este estudo. Para o alcance dos objetivos propostos realizou-se um estudo qualitativo, com o uso da técnica de observação das duas plataformas. As análises permitiram verificar que ambas as plataformas apresentam propostas de valor que estimulam a prática do consumo colaborativo, tendo como atrativo principal a economia de recursos financeiros, mas também incentivam experiências diferenciadas, principalmente por suas propostas de valor estarem baseadas na participação e no compartilhamento. Verificou-se, portanto, que a prática de consumo colaborativo permite experiências de consumo diferenciadas, sendo esta uma modalidade que vem se firmando como alternativa para os consumidores, principalmente, para os Millennials, enquanto grupo que se identifica com este tipo de consumo.
Calcific tendinitis of the shoulder in the Korean population: demographics and its relation with coexisting rotator cuff tear
Authors: Yoo Yon-Sik , Park Jin-Young , Kim Myung-sun , Cho Nam-Su , Lee Yong-Beom , Cho Seung-Hyun , Park Kyoung Jin , Cho Chul-Hyun , Lee Bong Gun , Shin Dong Joo , Kim Han-Hoon , Lim Tae Kang
Published: March 2021

Background: To evaluate the demographics, clinical and radiographic features of calcific tendinitis of the shoulder in the Korean population, specifically focusing on the incidence of coexisting rotator cuff tear.Methods: Between October 2014 and January 2015, we performed a prospective multicenter study with 506 patients from 11 training hospitals in Korea. We collected data of demographics and radiographic analysis based on simple radiographs, clinical assessments based on visual analog scale (VAS) and the American Shoulder Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and treatment modalities that are used currently. We also evaluated coexisting rotator cuff tear by ultrasonography (US) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images. Results: There were 402 female patients (79%) with mean age of 55 years (range, 31–87 years). Mean duration of symptoms was 15.5 months. Mean size of calcific materials was 11.4 mm (range, 0.9-35). Mean value of VAS and ASES scores were 6.5 (range, 1–10) and 47 (range, 8–95), respectively. Of 383 patients (76%), 59 (15%) had rotator cuff tear including 15 full-thickness tears on US or MRI. Patients with rotator cuff tears were significantly associated with older age, recurrent symptoms, menstrual disorders in females, and having undergone calcification removal surgery and rotator cuff repair (all P<0.05).Conclusions: This study reported demographic, radiographic, and clinical features of calcific tendinitis of the shoulder in Korean population, which were not different from those of Western population. Coexisting rotator cuff tear was found with 15% incidence in this large series, suggesting that further radiographic study to evaluate rotator cuff tear might be needed in some calcific tendinitis patients of older age and presenting with recurrent symptoms.
The effects of a single-dose subacromial injection of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug in geriatric patients with subacromial impingement syndrome: a randomized double-blind study
Authors: Kim Young-Bea , Lee Woo-Seung , Won Jun-Sung
Published: March 2021

Background: As nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and steroids have similar effects, steroids can be avoided to reduce adverse effects. This study aimed to compare the differences in symptom improvement after subacromial injection of steroids or NSAIDs.Methods: Sixty patients with rotator cuff syndrome for at least 3 months were enrolled and divided into steroid and NSAID groups. The steroid group received a mixture of 1 mL of triamcinolone acetonide (40 mg/mL) and 1 mL of lidocaine hydrochloride 2%, while the NSAID group received a mixture of 1 mL of Ketorolac Tromethamine (30 mg/mL) and 1 mL of lidocaine hydrochloride 2%. The patients were assessed before and at 3, 6, and 12 weeks after the procedure. Shoulder scores from visual analog scale (VAS), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), and University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) were used for evaluation.Results: Both groups showed improvements in the clinical outcomes. Overall VAS, ASES, and UCLA scores improved from 6.9, 32.7, and 16.0 before the procedure to 2.0, 1.2, and 1.1; 81.5, 87.6, and 88.5; and 29.7, 31.8, and 32.0 at weeks 3, 6, and 12 weeks after the procedure, respectively. Twenty-six patients (86.7%) in the steroid group and 28 (93.3%) in the NSAID group reported satisfactory treatment outcomes. There were no significant differences in the outcomes between the two groups (p=0.671).Conclusions: Subacromial injection of NSAIDs for rotator cuff tendinitis with shoulder pain had equivalent outcomes with those of steroid injection at the 12-week follow-up.
Complications of Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Concise Review
Authors: Kim Su Cheol , Kim Il Su , Jang Min Chang , Yoo Jae Chul
Published: March 2021

Reverse shoulder arthroplasty is an ideal treatment for glenohumeral dysfunction due to cuff tear arthropathy. As the number of patients treated with reverse shoulder arthroplasty is increasing, the incidence of complications after this procedure also is increasing. The rate of complications in reverse shoulder arthroplasty was reported to be 15%–24%. Recently, the following complications have been reported in order of frequency: periprosthetic infection, dislocation, periprosthetic fracture, neurologic injury, scapular notching, acromion or scapular spine fracture, and aseptic loosening of prosthesis. However, the overall complication rate has varied across studies because of different prosthesis used, improvement of implant and surgical skills, and different definitions of complications. Some authors included complications that affect the clinical outcomes of the surgery, while others reported minor complications that do not affect the clinical outcomes such as minor reversible neurologic deficit or minimal scapular notching. This review article summarizes the processes related to diagnosis and treatment of complications after reverse shoulder arthroplasty with the aim of helping clinicians reduce complications and perform appropriate procedures if/when complications occur.
Canadian Urological Association best practice report: Prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PSMA PET/CT) and PET/magnetic resonance (MR) in prostate cancer
Authors: Shaygan Bobby , Zukotynski Katherine , Bénard François , Ménard Cynthia , Sistani Golmehr , Bauman Glenn , Veit-Haibach Patrick , Metser Ur
Published: March 2021

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) is increasingly being used worldwide as part of the clinical workup for men with prostate cancer. With high overall accuracy for the detection of prostate cancer, PSMA-targeted PET has an increasingly established role in the setting of biochemical failure after primary therapy and an evolving role in the setting of initial disease staging; its utility for guiding management in the setting of metastatic disease is less clear. Although the specificity is high, familiarization with potential pitfalls in the interpretation of PSMA-targeted PET, including knowledge of the causes for false positive and negative examinations, is critical. The aim of this article is to provide an illustrative discussion of the current and evolving clinical indications for PSMA-targeted PET, as well as a review of physiologic radiopharmaceutical biodistribution and potential imaging pitfalls.
Cash to Price Ratio & Stock Returns: Evidence from Emerging Markets
Authors: Fatima Nudrat , Waqas Muhammad , Hassan Rameez , Fraz Ahmad , Arif Muhammad
Published: March 2021

This study examines the impact of size premium and value premium on average return in emerging economies i.e. Pakistan, India and China equity markets for the period from June 2000 to June 2015 by using three factors model. This study predicts the significance and positive relationship between value premium(C/P Ratio) and stock return for all non-financial companies listed on Karachi stock exchange, Bombay stock exchange and Shanghai stock exchange on the basis of market Capitalization. The regression results of the study illustrate that size premium predict returns more for small firms than big firms while market premium found significantly positive with stock returns in Pakistan, India, and China. Value premium is found positive for all created portfolios. Therefore, it can be concluded that value effect is present in three emerging markets. High C/P ratio outperforms the low C/P ratio stocks. In this study C/P ratio (value premium) integrated with size and market premium to check whether it can predict stock returns of small and large firms for high or low C/P ratio. The finding is similar that the positive relationship of value premium and stock return and the negative relationship of size premium and stock return. The explanatory power of Fama and French three-factor model is greater than CAPM for all three equity markets, so, the asset pricing model can facilitate investors in efficient portfolio diversification for getting enhanced returns.
The Influence of Strategic Culture on Legal Justifications
Authors: Hock Martin
Published: March 2021

The Influence of Strategic Culture on Legal Justifications Comparing British and German Parliamentary Debates Regarding the War against ISIS

This article presents an interdisciplinary comparison of British and German legal arguments concerning the justification of the use of force against the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS). It is situated in the broader framework of research on strategic culture and the use of international law as a tool for justifying state behaviour. Thus, a gap in political science research is analysed: addressing legal arguments as essentially political in their usage. The present work questions whether differing strategic cultures will lead to a different use of legal arguments. International legal theory and content analysis are combined to sort arguments into the categories of instrumentalism, formalism and natural law. To do so, a data set consisting of all speeches with regard to the fight against ISIS made in both parliaments until the end of 2018 is analysed. It is shown that Germany and the UK, despite their varying strategic cultures, rely on similar legal justifications to a surprisingly large extent.