bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Initiation Time of Glycemic Control on Skin Collagen Recovery in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Suh Yoorock , Moon Jungyoon , Yoon Ji Young , Kim Soo Woong , Choi Yu Sung
Published: July 2018

Background: Diabetes damages the collagen in the skin. No study has investigated the relationship between the treatment initiation time and the degree of collagen recovery. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the initiation time of glycemic control on collagen recovery and to determine the basic molecules mediating the process. Methods: Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were divided into five groups: normal controls (C), those with untreated diabetes (DM), and those with diabetes treated with daily insulin injections from 7 weeks (7W), 10 weeks (10W), and 13 weeks (13W) after diabetes induction. The levels of collagen and several molecules were compared among skin tissues collected at 14 weeks. Results: The amounts of total collagen, collagen 1, and collagen 3 were significantly lower in DM than in C. Among the treated groups, recovery reaching normal levels was only observed in 7W and 10W. The earlier the treatment began, the greater was the collagen recovery. Similar to that of collagen, the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) significantly decreased in DM compared with that in C. Higher recovery of TGF-β1 and VEGF was detected in groups with earlier treatment, whereas the IGF-1R level was identically elevated in all treated groups. The results suggest that these molecules affect collagen recovery at different time points during glycemic control. Conclusion: The initiation time of glycemic control is expected to have a considerable effect on collagen recovery in the diabetic skin through modulation of TGF-β1, VEGF, and IGF-1R.
High-Grade T1 on Re-Transurethral Resection after Initial High-Grade T1 Confers Worse Oncological Outcomes: Results of a Multi-Institutional Study
Authors: Ferro Matteo , Vartolomei Mihai Dorin , Cantiello Francesco , Lucarelli Giuseppe , Di Stasi Savino M. , Hurle Rodolfo , Guazzoni Giorgio , Busetto Gian Maria , De Berardinis Ettore , Damiano Rocco , Perdonà Sisto , Borghesi Marco , Schiavina Riccardo , Almeida Gilberto L. , Bove Pierluigi , Lima Estevao , Grimaldi Giovanni , Autorino Riccardo , Crisan Nicolae , Abu Farhan Abdal Rahman , Verze Paolo , Battaglia Michele , Serretta Vincenzo , Russo Giorgio Ivan , Morgia Giuseppe , Musi Gennaro , de Cobelli Ottavio , Mirone Vincenzo , Shariat Shahrokh F.
Published: July 2018

Introduction: The aim of this multicenter study was to investigate the prognostic impact of residual T1 high-grade (HG)/G3 tumors at re-transurethral resection (TUR of bladder tumor) in a large multi-institutional cohort of patients with primary T1 HG/G3 bladder cancer (BC). Patients and Methods: The study period was from January 2002 to ­December 2012. A total of 1,046 patients with primary T1 HG/G3 and who had non-muscle invasive BC (NMIBC) on re-TUR followed by adjuvant intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy with maintenance were included. Endpoints were time to disease recurrence, progression, and overall and cancer-specific death. Results: A total of 257 (24.6%) patients had residual T1 HG/G3 tumors. The presence of concomitant carcinoma in situ, multiple and large tumors (> 3 cm) at first TUR were associated with residual T1 HG/G3. Five-year recurrence-free survival (RFS), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were 17% (CI 11.8–23); 58.2% (CI 50.7–65); 73.7% (CI 66.3–79.7); and 84.5% (CI 77.8–89.3), respectively, in patients with residual T1 HG/G3, compared to 36.7% (CI 32.8–40.6); 71.4% (CI 67.3–75.2); 89.8% (CI 86.6–92.3); and 95.7% (CI 93.4–97.3), respectively, in patients with NMIBC other than T1 HG/G3 or T0 tumors. Residual T1 HG/G3 was independently associated with RFS, PFS, OS, and CSS in multivariable analyses. Conclusions: Residual T1 HG/G3 tumor at re-TUR confers worse prognosis in patients with primary T1 HG/G3 treated with maintenance BCG. Patients with residual T1 HG/G3 for primary T1 HG/G3 are very likely to fail BCG therapy alone.
Activator Protein-2β Promotes Tumor Growth and Predicts Poor Prognosis in Breast Cancer
Authors: Li Zhenglin , Xu Xiangdong , Luo Meihua , Hao Jiaojiao , Zhao Shilei , Yu Wendan , Xiao Xiangsheng , Wu Jiali , Zheng Fufu , Chen Miao , Li Yizhuo , Qin Ge , Liao Yina , Zhao Xinrui , Yu Xinfa , Guo Wei , Zou Lijuan , Deng Wuguo
Published: July 2018

Background/Aims: Activator protein-2 (AP-2) transcription factors have been proved to be essential in maintaining cellular homeostasis and regulating the transformation from normal growth to neoplasia. However, the role of AP-2β, a key member of AP-2 family, in breast cancer is rarely reported. Methods: The effect of AP-2 on cell growth, migration and invasion in breast cancer cells were measured by MTT, colony formation, wound-healing and transwell assays, respectively. The expression levels of AP-2β and other specific markers in breast cancer cell lines and tissue microarrays from the patients were detected using RT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemical staining. The regulation of AP-2β on tumor growth in vivo was analyzed in a mouse xenograft model. Results: We demonstrated the tumor-promoting function of AP-2β in breast cancer. AP-2β was found to be highly expressed in breast cancer cell lines and tumor tissues of breast cancer patients. The shRNA-mediated silencing of AP-2β led to the dramatic inhibition of cell proliferation, colony formation ability, migration and invasiveness in breast cancer cells accompanied by the down-regulated expression of some key proteins involved in cancer progression, including p75, MMP-2, MMP-9, C-Jun, p-ERK and STAT3. Overexpression of AP-2β markedly up-regulated the levels of these proteins. Consistent with the in vitro study, the silencing or overexpression of AP-2β blocked or promoted tumor growth in the mice with xenografts of breast cancers. Notably, the high AP-2β expression levels was correlated with poor prognosis and advanced malignancy in patients with breast cancer. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that AP-2β promotes tumor growth and predicts poor prognosis, and may represent a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer.
Mitochondrial Activity and Unfolded Protein Response are Required for Neutrophil Differentiation
Authors: Tanimura Ayako , Miyoshi Keiko , Horiguchi Taigo , Hagita Hiroko , Fujisawa Koichi , Noma Takafumi
Published: July 2018

Background/Aims: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) are involved in hematopoietic differentiation. However, the mechanistic linkage between ER stress/UPR and hematopoietic differentiation remains unclear. Methods: We used bipotent HL-60 cells as an in vitro hematopoietic differentiation system to investigate the role of ER stress and UPR activity in neutrophil and macrophage differentiation. Results: The in vitro differentiation analysis revealed that ER stress decreased during both neutrophil and macrophage differentiations, and the activities of PERK and ATF6 were decreased and that of IRE1α was increased during neutrophil differentiation in a stage-specific manner. By contrast, the activities of ATF6 and ATF4 decreased during macrophage differentiation. When the cells were treated with oligomycin, the expression of CD11b, a myelocytic differentiation marker, and morphological differentiation were suppressed, and XBP-1 activation was inhibited during neutrophil differentiation, whereas CD11b expression was maintained, and morphological differentiation was not obviously affected during macrophage differentiation. Conclusion: In this study, we demonstrated that neutrophil differentiation is regulated by ER stress/UPR that is supported by mitochondrial ATP supply, in which IRE1α-XBP1 activation is essential. Our findings provide the evidence that mitochondrial energy metabolism may play a critical role in neutrophil differentiation.
Considerações sobre os números musicais das chanchadas
Authors: Costa Flávia Cesarino
Published: July 2018

Comentam-se as abordagens de Irina Rajewsky e Agnes Pethö sobre a intermidialidade no cinema e no audiovisual e, em seguida, discutem-se as possibilidades de sua aplicação como categoria crítica na análise de alguns números musicais de filmes do diretor Watson Macedo nos anos 1950. Pesquisadores conectam os números musicais de chanchadas brasileiras ao teatro de revista, ao rádio, à indústria fonográfica e ao cinema de Hollywood, mas as relações entre essas diferentes mídias têm sido entendidas tendo o filme como principal foco explicador. Esses números musicais podem ser analisados diferentemente dentro do circuito mais amplo de mídias e práticas culturais urbanas, tal como propõe Charles Musser.
Cavação e cinema doméstico: rupturas e continuidades em imagens de família
Authors: Blank Thais Continentino
Published: July 2018

Imagens de cunho familiar são projetadas em tela grande desde os primórdios do cinema. No Brasil, a família burguesa ocupou um lugar de destaque no universo das representações cinematográficas ainda nos primeiros anos do século XX, quando os cineastas cavadores se dedicaram a registrar em película diferentes rituais e celebrações da elite nacional. No entanto, foi a partir da década de 1920, com o desenvolvimento da tecnologia voltada exclusivamente para a produção amadora, que as cenas da vida privada e doméstica passaram para a película capturadas pelo próprio clã familiar. Neste artigo propomos investigar as possíveis relações e as diferentes representações familiares geradas pela cavação dos anos 1910 e pelo cinema doméstico dos anos 1920 e 1930.
Marcuse, a Grande Recusa e o cinema pós-Maio de 68: uma aproximação
Authors: Esteves Leonardo Gomes
Published: July 2018

Este texto propõe uma transposição da Grande Recusa, conceito evidenciado na obra do filósofo alemão Herbert Marcuse, para a produção cinematográfica que insurge influenciada pelo Maio de 68. A reflexão se dá a partir do curta-metragem Actua 1 (1968), dirigido por Philippe Garrel, Serge Bard e Patrick Deval, e na utilização do travelling como ferramenta para proporcionar a emancipação do espectador frente a uma sociedade unidimensional e castradora.
Mediação e diálogo na telenovela Liberdade, Liberdade
Authors: Scabin Nara Lya Cabral
Published: July 2018

Este artigo analisa aspectos da construção narrativa da telenovela Liberdade, Liberdade, exibida no Brasil pela Rede Globo entre abril e agosto de 2016, buscando compreender quais as faces discursivas e textuais que são mobilizadas na construção da trama. Entendendo o gênero como matriz cultural, procuraremos mostrar que a discussão em torno da temática da liberdade a partir do estabelecimento de conexões com discursos circulantes contemporâneos é marca fundamental dos traços dialógicos e da aproximação com o cotidiano assumidos pela telenovela em foco.
Cine Documental y Genocidio: hacia un abordaje integral
Authors: Zylberman Lior
Published: July 2018

Concepto acuñado por Raphel Lemkin en 1944, al genocidio se lo considera el crimen de los crímenes, en esa dirección, el cine documental ha ocupado un rol preponderante para conocer y testimoniar sobre los diversos casos. Este trabajo es un avance de una investigación mayor y se propone introducir una perspectiva multidisciplinaria que recoja y ponga en diálogo los principales aportes de los estudios sobre genocidio y los estudios sobre cine documental. Se propone así generar una sistematización de los diversos abordajes para los diferentes casos con el objetivo de pensar motivos recurrentes en la representación de estos y funciones retóricas-estéticas de los documentales sobre genocidios.
A Política Nacional de Educação Superior na Saúde e a Reorientação Curricular da FOUSP: Análise Comparativa do Desempenho e Percepção dos Estudantes
Authors: Haddad Ana Estela , Romero Juan Sebastian Lara , Alencar Cássio José Fornazari , Raggio Daniela Prócida , Ciamponi Ana Lídia , Bonecker Marcelo
Published: July 2018

Este artigo apresenta um histórico recente da política nacional de educação superior e da política nacional de saúde, como contexto no qual o curso de graduação em Odontologia da Faculdade de Odontologia da USP conduziu sua reestruturação curricular. São destacados como referência o Plano Nacional de Educação (2014- 2024), as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o curso de graduação em Odontologia, o Programa Nacional de Reorientação da Formação Profissional em Saúde (Pró-Saúde) e o Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho em Saúde (PET Saúde), como contexto a partir do qual a reestruturação foi conduzida. Relatam-se ainda a aplicação da reestruturação curricular às mudanças formuladas e implementadas na Disciplina de Odontopediatria, e o resultado da avaliação de desempenho e de percepção dos estudantes, comparando-se os currículos antes e depois da reestruturação.
Tendências do Ensino de Anatomia Animal na Graduação de Medicina Veterinária
Authors: Massari Catia Helena De Almeida Lima , Schoenau Luciana Silveira Flores , Cereta Andressa Daronco , Miglino Maria Angélica
Published: July 2018

O ensino de anatomia é de fundamental importância a todos os profissionais da área da saúde. Especialmente no campo da macroscopia, observam-se estímulos para o desenvolvimento de novos conceitos de educação médica com a aplicação de diferentes abordagens pedagógicas. Nos cursos de graduação em Medicina Veterinária, o método tradicional de ensino vem passando por inovações semestre após semestre. O presente artigo aborda quatro tendências no ensino de anatomia veterinária, verificadas através de uma revisão crítica: a) Aprendizagem assistida por computador a fim de desenvolver modelos anatômicos de animais virtuais; b) Modelos anatômicos artesanais, manequins e simuladores; c) Gravação de videoaulas e compartilhamento pela internet; e d) Uso de técnicas de preservação de cadáveres livres de formol. Conclui-se que a melhor metodologia de ensino de anatomia veterinária tende a ser aquela em que exista a associação de todos os novos recursos com a dissecação animal, complementando-se uns aos outros.
Contextualized Class Improves Perception of Students About Spectrophotometry in Biochemistry Laboratory Practices
Authors: Dechandt Carlos Roberto Porto , Arruda Caroline , Rechia Carem Gledes Vargas , Aires Carolina Patrícia
Published: July 2018

As aulas práticas ocupam uma considerável proporção do tempo dos estudantes do curso de Farmácia. Assim, torna-se vital que os alunos dos cursos de saúde participem de aulas laboratoriais que os remetam a uma aplicação prática. Entretanto, os estudantes têm dificuldade em correlacionar o conhecimento adquirido em outras disciplinas - especialmente Química Analítica - com Bioquímica. Neste trabalho, utilizou-se uma aula prática existente (tradicional) e uma aula prática contextualizada com um caso clínico, seguida de uma orientação dinâmica sobre espectrofotometria como análise de rotina em pesquisa científica. Com este objetivo, um grupo de estudantes foi submetido à aula prática tradicional (grupo controle, n= 65) enquanto outro foi submetido à aula prática contextualizada (grupo experimental, n= 30). Após a avaliação prática, as pontuações de ambos os grupos foram comparadas entre si. Os resultados sugerem que a contextualização das aulas práticas fornece condições para que os alunos adquiram competência técnica, aumentando sua compreensão acerca da relevância de conceitos interdisciplinares e suas aplicações.
Oficinas de Planejamento em Saúde na Disciplina de Saúde Coletiva: Relato de Experiência
Authors: Silva Rafael Esdras Brito Garganta da , Ramalho Antônio De Pádua Quirino , Souza Carla Caroline Oliveira de
Published: July 2018

O conceito de saúde não é somente ausência de doença, mas envolve uma série de fatores condicionantes e determinantes. Considerando essa complexidade, surge a necessidade de ser implementada a saúde coletiva na matriz curricular do curso de Medicina. No interior de suas subáreas estão inseridos o planejamento e a gestão em saúde; a partir dos mesmos, é possível construir estratégias e identificar oportunidades para solucionar problemas, sobretudo na atenção primária. Na disciplina Saúde Coletiva IV do curso de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), os alunos são imersos em atividades voltadas para o tema, tais como as oficinas de planejamento. No total ocorreram três, e por meio da organização de grupos foi possível discutir sobre prevalência de doenças, situações de risco em saúde e vulnerabilidade social. Experiências como essas devem ser mais frequentes na formação de novos profissionais, para que os mesmos estejam aptos não apenas para o mercado de trabalho, mas para a construção de novas propostas à saúde pública.
Incentives and barriers to HIV testing among female sex workers in Ceará
Authors: Martins Telma Alves , Kerr Ligia , Macena Raimunda Hermelinda Maia , Mota Rosa Salani , Dourado Inês , Brito Ana Maria de , Atlani-Dualt Laetitia , Vidal Laurent , Kendall Carl
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVE: Estimating HIV prevalence and describing the incentives and barriers for HIV testing among female sex workers. METHODS: This cross-sectional study recruited 402 women aged 18 years or older, residing in Fortaleza, state of Ceará, Brazil, who reported having had sexual intercourse in exchange for money in last four months. The sample was recruited using Respondent Driven Sampling, between August and November 2010. RESULTS: The 84.1% of the sample tested and the estimated prevalence of HIV infection was 3.8%. The sample was young (25 to 39 years ), single (80.0%), with one to three children (83.6%), had eight or more years of schooling (65.7%), and belonged to social classes D/E (53.1%). The majority worked in fixed locations (bars, motels, hotels, sauna - 88.9%), and prostitution was their only source of income (54.1%). About 25% of the sample did not know where to test in the public health sector and 51.8% either never tested or hadn’t tested for over a year or more. The main reported barriers to testing were the perceptions that there was no risk of becoming infected (24.1%), and, alternatively, fear of discrimination if the test was positive (20.5%). Incentives for testing were the greater availability of testing sites (57.0%) and health facilities with alternative schedules (44.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence for HIV was similar to that found in other Brazilian cities in different regions of the country, although higher than the general female population. Non-traditional venues not associated with the health system and availability of testing in health units during non-commercial hours are factors that encourage testing. Not considering oneself to be at risk, fear of being discriminated against and not knowing testing locations are barriers.
Does an Arbitrator’s Background Influence the Outcome of an Investor-State Arbitration?
Authors: Polanco Lazo Rodrigo , Desilvestro Valentino
Published: July 2018

The goal of this article is to determine whether the background of an arbitrator could be considered as a determinant of case-outcomes in investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS). Using the existing literature on arbitrators’ bias and experience as a starting point, this study analyses several characteristics of arbitrators as part of their “background”, grouping them into two basic categories: ISDS experience (related to their previous involvement as arbitrator or member of an annulment committee in investor-state arbitration), and personal characteristics (including age, gender, language, nationality, background legal studies and professional background). Our research concludes that, with some exceptions, generally there does not seem to be a decisive influence between the arbitrator’s ISDS experience or personal characteristics in the outcome of an investor-state arbitration case.
Are Arbitrators (Judicial) Activists?
Authors: Bjorklund Andrea K.
Published: July 2018

When judges are described as activists they are usually accused of either intruding into policy making best left to the legislative branches of government or intruding into values or social mores – matters best left to democratic processes, i.e. to “the people”. For an arbitrator to be an activist she would need to go beyond her duly conferred quasi-judicial powers, and arbitrators – and in particular investment arbitrators – have been accused of doing just that. Though there is a fine line between what constitutes activity and what constitutes activism, I suggest that arbitrators are not generally “activists.” First, they wield authority conferred on them by the arbitral agreement and by other sources of arbitral power. Second, particularly when the applicable legal standard is vague, this conferral includes quite broad authority to define and develop the applicable law. Third, the lack of agreement among states about what certain obligations mean suggests that arbitral tribunals are not going beyond their authority; rather, the fault, if fault there is, lies in the language of the agreements themselves.
Party-Appointed Arbitrators No More
Authors: Sardinha Elsa
Published: July 2018

CETA, the EU-Vietnam FTA, and the EU-Singapore FTA are the first investment treaties to replace the practice of ad hoc tribunals and party-appointed arbitrators with a two-tiered investment tribunal system (ITS), consisting of a standing tribunal of first-instance and an appeal tribunal, comprised of a roster of members who are pre-selected by the treaty parties. Underlying this retreat to domestic court structures is the perception of partiality sometimes associated with party-appointed arbitrators. The article explores this risk of bias rationale and identifies potential drawbacks associated with the shift away from disputing party involvement in the selection of the tribunal, towards a more institutionalized form of adjudication. The array of foreseeable challenges with regard to the identity, tenure, and qualifications of arbitral members, particularly when combined with the duty to remain available and prohibition on “double-hatting”, cast doubt on the efficacy of these reforms in resolving the legitimacy concerns that spawned its creation. A better solution might be to expand the role of arbitral institutions in mediating the link between the parties and their chosen arbitrator.
“You Cannot Lose What You Never Had”: The Law Applicable to Property Determinations in ICSID Arbitration
Authors: Zielinski Laura Yvonne
Published: July 2018

ICSID arbitration is witnessing a debate over the competing spheres of application between host State and international law: Under the second sentence of Article 42(1) of the ICSID Convention (and under similarly worded applicable law provisions contained in investment contracts or bilateral investment treaties), arbitral tribunals possess large discretionary powers over the decision of which law to apply to which aspect of a dispute. However, the recent partial annulment of the Mobil v. Venezuela award, on the basis of the original tribunal’s manifest failure to apply domestic law to certain aspects of the case, redefines the contours of this discretion by requiring the application of domestic law to proprietary determinations of investments. This article reviews the different approaches to the dichotomy between domestic and international law and the tribunals’ discretionary powers in this respect, and analyzes the limits imposed in the field of property determinations by the case law.
Integrative approach resolves the taxonomy of the Ozothamnus ledifolius (Asteraceae: Gnaphaliae) species complex in Tasmania, Australia
Authors: DE SALAS MIGUEL F. , SCHMIDT-LEBUHN ALEXANDER N.
Published: July 2018

Close examination of specimens of the Ozothamnus ledifolius species complex (O. ledifolius, O. ericifolius and O. purpurascens) collected throughout Tasmania, Australia, revealed the existence of more taxa than hitherto recognised. An integrative approach employing morphological, genotyping and environmental data of specimens resolved the complex, and showed good support for O. ledifolius and O. ericifolius as currently circumscribed, further clarifying the existence of four additional, distinct taxa: Ozothamnus purpurascens, with revised and clarified typification; O. reflexus comb. & stat. nov., a taxon to which the name O. purpurascens was previously misapplied; O. buchananii spec. nov., a novel taxon from mid–high elevations in north-eastern Tasmania; and O. floribundus spec. nov., a rare and highly localised novel taxon in lowland south-eastern Tasmania.
Diversification of inflorescence types in Portulaca (Portulacaceae) and its systematic implications
Authors: OCAMPO GILBERTO , MAIR-SÁNCHEZ LAURA
Published: July 2018

Portulaca is the only genus in Portulacaceae and includes ca. 100 species with worldwide distribution. Inflorescence types in Portulaca have been used as an important character in infrageneric classifications and it has been suggested that capitula and solitary flowers derive from a cyme. The present paper focuses on the study of the diversification patterns of the inflorescence within Portulacaceae based on a phylogenetic approach. A phylogenetic framework was used to estimate the ancestral inflorescence type under parsimony and maximum likelihood criteria. The results, although ambiguous, suggest that a cymose inflorescence may have been the ancestral type for Cactineae. Diversification patterns within Portulacaceae are not clear, but it is plausible that capitula and solitary flowers are derived from a cymose inflorescence. In addition, the first two types may have evolved independently at least twice in the group. These results show that the inflorescence type has limited systematic utility, contrary to the current accepted infrageneric classifications of Portulaca, and only characterizes a group of Australian species with cymose inflorescences.
Taxonomy, natural history, and conservation of the Great-billed Seed-Finch Sporophila maximiliani (Cabanis, 1851) (Thraupidae, Sporophilinae)
Authors: UBAID FLÁVIO KULAIF , SILVEIRA LUÍS FABIO , MEDOLAGO CESAR A. B. , COSTA THIAGO V. V. , FRANCISCO MERCIVAL ROBERTO , BARBOSA KARLLA V. C. , JÚNIOR ADIR D. S.
Published: July 2018

Seed-finches are small-sized Neotropical granivorous birds characterized by extremely strong and thick beaks. Among these birds, the Great-billed Seed-Finch Sporophila maximiliani has been selectively and intensively trapped to the extent that has become one of the most endangered bird species in South America, yet its taxonomy remains complex and controversial. Two subspecies have been recognized: S. m. maximiliani (Cabanis, 1851), mainly from the Cerrado of central South America, and S. m. parkesi Olson (= Oryzoborus m. magnirostris), from northeastern South America. Originally, S. m. parkesi was diagnosed as being larger than the Large-billed Seed-Finch, S. c. crassirostris (Gmelin, 1789), but proper comparisons with S. m. maximiliani, which is larger than S. c. crassirostris, were never performed. Here we provide a review of the taxonomic and nomenclatural history of S. maximiliani, reevaluate the validity and taxonomic status of the subspecies based on morphological characters, and significantly revise its geographic distribution. Analyses based on plumage patterns and a Principal Component Analysis of morphometric characters indicated that S. m. parkesi is most appropriately treated as a synonym of the nominate taxon, which results in a monotypic S. maximiliani comprising two disjunct populations. Further, we conducted systematic searches for S. maximiliani in Brazil, in an attempt to obtain natural history information. After more than 6,000 hours of fieldwork in 45 areas of potential and historical occurrence, S. maximiliani was located only in two sites, in marshy environments called veredas, confirming the critical conservation status of this species, at least in Brazil. We discuss the conservation potential for, and the problems involved with, captive breeding of S. maximiliani for reintroduction into the wild.
Structural Family Therapy With Incarcerated Families
Authors: Tadros Eman , Finney Natasha
Published: July 2018

“Research has shown that close and supportive family relationships are a key ingredient of successful offender rehabilitation and that intimate partners and minor children may play a critical role in the process” (Datchi & Sexton, 2013, p. 280). Those affected by incarceration are underserved, specifically in the realm of mental health. There is a need for a better understanding of how systemic theories, such as structural family therapy (SFT) can be utilized with the incarcerated population. SFT is an evidence-based systemic model and defines a problem in terms of family structures, boundaries, hierarchies, roles, rules, and patterns of interaction and coalitions. Thus, the current case study examines family therapy utilizing the SFT model with a family, in which a father was incarcerated. The implication of the current case study is to explore the effectiveness of using the SFT model as the primary approach to treating the incarcerated population.
Liveable life, educational theory and the imperative of constant change
Authors: Säfström Carl Anders
Published: July 2018

This article is based on a keynote paper presented at the European Conference on Educational Research (ECER), University College UCC, Copenhagen, 22–25 August, 2017. In this paper, I problematise the idea that we live in an era of constant change with respect to education and educational research. I claim that what presents itself as change on supra-national as well as national levels, or even in classrooms, more often than not has to do with adjustments within a given reality rather than of a radical and profound change of this same reality. The response to this situation I will suggest is to mobilise radical forms of theory that address the inherent emancipatory and transformational character of education. This kind of theory, I argue, actually also addresses the central characteristics of a truly pluralistic democracy. Drawing on Jacques Rancière and Judith Butler the paper will lay out some arguments for resisting an anti-democratic and anti-pluralistic tendency within what I will call ‘pre-Sophist’ educational trends and instead promote an education that is concerned with a ‘liveable life’ for all.
Ba-, Si- and vacancy-rich phlogopites from the talc-bearing sulfide ore deposit of La Creuse, Beaujolais, France
Authors: Pascal Marie-Lola , Fonteilles Michel , Tournis Véronique , Baptiste Benoît , Robert Jean-Louis , Boulliard Jean-Claude
Published: July 2018

Ba-rich and Si-rich phlogopites occur in the talc-bearing rocks of the La Creuse sulfide ore deposit in Beaujolais, France. They form a group of compositions completely separated from the common Al-rich phlogopites that occur in the surrounding talc-free metasiltites and metarhyolites, with higher Ba and Mg and lower Al contents. The Ba-rich phlogopites have a relatively narrow compositional range (0.24 to 0.80 Ba per formula unit, for 44 valencies) with high and constant Si (5.8 atoms per formula unit, apfu) and Mg + Fe (5.6 apfu), probably buffered by the presence of talc. Compared to low-Al phlogopites from talc-free rocks, the excess charge introduced by the BaK–1 substitution is compensated by interlayer vacancies. Such a high level of interlayer vacancy (0.56 pfu), related to the talc-producing metasomatic conditions, is essential for the stability of this special group of Ba-rich and Si-rich phlogopites.

Single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses were performed. Ba-rich and Si-rich phlogopite is monoclinic, space group C2/m, (R = 5.31%) with a = 5.3185(5), b = 9.2136(9), c = 10.1349(11) Å and β = 100.131(11)°. The occupancies of Mg/Fe and K/Ba were refined exploring different vacancies. The solutions giving the best R factor (4.77%) and goodness-of-fit (1.06) are obtained with 15% < vacancy < 40% at the interlayer site.
New arsenate minerals from the Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. IX. Arsenatrotitanite, NaTiO(AsO4)
Authors: Pekov Igor V. , Zubkova Natalia V. , Agakhanov Atali A. , Belakovskiy Dmitry I. , Vigasina Marina F. , Yapaskurt Vasiliy O. , Sidorov Evgeny G. , Britvin Sergey N. , Pushcharovsky Dmitry Y.
Published: July 2018

The new durangite-group mineral arsenatrotitanite, ideally NaTiO(AsO4), was found in the Arsenatnaya fumarole at the Second scoria cone of the Northern Breakthrough of the Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. It is associated with orthoclase, tenorite, hematite, johillerite, bradaczekite, badalovite, calciojohillerite, arsmirandite, tilasite, svabite, cassiterite, pseudobrookite, rutile, sylvite, halite, aphthitalite, langbeinite and anhydrite. Arsenatrotitanite occurs as prismatic, tabular, lamellar or acicular crystals up to 0.3 mm × 0.8 mm × 2 mm. They are separated or combined in open-work aggregates up to 2 mm across or interrupted crusts up to 2 mm × 5 mm in area and up to 0.3 mm thick. Arsenatrotitanite is transparent, brownish red to pale pinkish-reddish or almost colourless, with vitreous lustre. It is brittle and the Mohs’ hardness is ~5½. Cleavage is perfect on {110} and the fracture is stepped. Dcalc is 3.950 g cm–3. Arsenatrotitanite is optically biaxial (+), α = 1.825(5), β = 1.847(6), γ = 1.896(6) (589 nm) and 2Vmeas. = 70(5)°. Chemical composition (wt.%, electron-microprobe) is: Na2O 12.26, CaO 3.10, Al2O3 4.39, Fe2O3 9.57, TiO2 17.11, SnO2 1.03, As2O5 50.17, F 3.29, O = F –2.39, total 99.53. The empirical formula based on 5 (O + F) apfu is (Na0.91Ca0.13)Σ1.04(Ti0.49Fe3+0.27Al0.20Sn0.02)Σ0.98(As1.00O4.00)(O0.60F0.40). Arsenatrotitanite is monoclinic, C2/c, a = 6.6979(3), b = 8.7630(3), c = 7.1976(3) Å, β = 114.805(5)°, V = 383.48(3) Å3 and Z = 4. The strongest reflections of the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern [d,Å(I)(hkl)] are: 4.845(89)($\bar{1} {11}}$), 3.631(36)(021), 3.431(48)(111), 3.300(100)($\bar{1} {12}}$), 3.036(100)(200), 2.627(91)(130) and 2.615(57)(022). The crystal structure was solved from single-crystal XRD data with R = 1.76%. Arsenatrotitanite belongs to the titanite/durangite structure type. It is named as an arsenate of sodium (natrium in Latin) and titanium isostructural with titanite.
Agmantinite, Ag2MnSnS4, a new mineral with a wurtzite derivative structure from the Uchucchacua polymetallic deposit, Lima Department, Peru
Authors: Keutsch Frank N. , Topa Dan , Fredrickson Rie Takagi , Makovicky Emil , Paar Werner H.
Published: July 2018

Agmantinite, ideally Ag2MnSnS4, is a new mineral from the Uchucchacua polymetallic deposit, Oyon district, Catajambo, Lima Department, Peru. It occurs as orange–red crystals up to 100 μm across. Agmantinite is translucent with adamantine lustre and possesses a red streak. It is brittle. Neither fracture nor cleavage were observed. Based on the empirical formula the calculated density is 4.574 g/cm3. On the basis of chemically similar compounds the Mohs hardness is estimated at between 2 to 2½. In plane-polarised light agmantinite is white with red internal reflections. It is weakly bireflectant with no observable pleochroism with red internal reflections. Between crossed polars, agmantinite is weakly anisotropic with reddish brown to greenish grey rotation tints. The reflectances (RminandRmax) for the four standard wavelengths are: 19.7 and 22.0 (470 nm); 20.5 and 23.2 (546 nm); 21.7 and 2.49 (589 nm); and 20.6 and 23.6 (650 nm), respectively.

Agmantinite is orthorhombic, space groupP21nm, with unit-cell parameters:a= 6.632(2),b= 6.922(2),c= 8.156(2) Å,V= 374.41(17) Å3,a:b:c0.958:1:1.178 andZ= 2. The crystal structure was refined toR= 0.0575 for 519 reflections withI >2σ(I). Agmantinite is the first known mineral of${M}_{\rm 2}^{\rm I} $MIIMIVS4type that is derived from wurtzite rather than sphalerite by ordered substitution of Zn, analogous to the substitution pattern for deriving stannite from sphalerite. The six strongest X-ray powder-diffraction lines derived from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data [din Å (intensity)] are: 3.51 (s), 3.32 (w), 3.11 (vs), 2.42 (w), 2.04 (m) and 1.88 (m). The empirical formula (based on 8 apfu) is (Ag1.94Cu0.03)Σ1.97(Mn0.98Zn0.05)Σ1.03Sn0.97S4.03.The crystal structure-derived formula is Ag2(Mn0.69Zn0.31)Σ1.00SnS4and the simplified formula is Ag2MnSnS4.

The name is for the composition and the new mineral and mineral name have been approved by the International Mineralogical Association Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (IMA2014-083).
Two distinct ontogenies confer heterogeneity to mouse brain microglia
Authors: De Shrutokirti , Van Deren Donn , Peden Eric , Hockin Matt , Boulet Anne , Titen Simon , Capecchi Mario R.
Published: July 2018

Hoxb8 mutant mice show compulsive behavior similar to trichotillomania, a human obsessive-compulsive-spectrum disorder. The only Hoxb8 lineage-labeled cells in the brains of mice are microglia, suggesting that defective Hoxb8 microglia caused the disorder. What is the source of the Hoxb8 microglia? It has been posited that all microglia progenitors arise at embryonic day (E) 7.5 during yolk sac hematopoiesis, and colonize the brain at E9.5. In contrast, we show the presence of two microglia subpopulations: canonical, non-Hoxb8 microglia and Hoxb8 microglia. Unlike non-Hoxb8 microglia, Hoxb8 microglia progenitors appear to be generated during the second wave of yolk sac hematopoiesis, then detected in the aorto-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) and fetal liver, where they are greatly expanded, prior to infiltrating the E12.5 brain. Further, we demonstrate that Hoxb8 hematopoietic progenitor cells taken from fetal liver are competent to give rise to microglia in vivo. Although the two microglial subpopulations are very similar molecularly, and in their response to brain injury and participation in synaptic pruning, they show distinct brain distributions which might contribute to pathological specificity. Non-Hoxb8 microglia significantly outnumber Hoxb8 microglia, but they cannot compensate for the loss of Hoxb8 function in Hoxb8 microglia, suggesting further crucial differences between the two subpopulations.
Coping with stress, control of emotions and biochemical markers as a common protective element in the inflammatory response to stress
Authors: Filip Maria , Macander Marian , Gałecki Piotr , Talarowska Monika , Zboralski Krzysztof , Szemraj Janusz , Orzechowska Agata
Published: July 2018

Cel pracy

W niniejszej pracy, stosując całościowe podejście do problematyki stresu, zdecydowaliśmy się na ocenę wszystkich składowych reakcji stresowej: immunologicznej (IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, CRP, TNF-alfa), hormonalnej (CRH, ACTH), jak również ocenę wykładników psychologicznych stresu oraz radzenia ze stresem i kontrolowaniem reakcji emocjonalnych, jako cech psychologicznych predysponujących do jak najbardziej korzystnej adaptacji względem oddziaływujących stresorów u personelu latającego uczestniczącego w misjach pokojowych poza granicami kraju. Ekspozycja na stresory związane ze stanem zagrożenia życia w trakcie pełnienia tych misji była w wybranej grupie wystarczająco intensywna, aby umożliwiała ocenę odpowiedzi organizmu na stres o nasileniu od umiarkowanego do wysokiego. Dzięki regularnym badaniom okresowym wybór tej grupy zapewnia wysoki poziom stanu zdrowia somatycznego, co pozwoliło na wykluczenie wpływu przewlekłych schorzeń na oceniane parametry biochemiczne oraz psychologiczne. Zapewniło to wysoką wiarygodność i rzetelność uzyskanych wyników.

Metoda

Badania będące przedmiotem projektu przeprowadzono u 113 antyterrorystów oraz 123 przedstawicieli personelu latającego (łącznie u 236 respondentów), którzy uczestniczyli w pokojowych misjach poza granicami kraju. Badanie zostało przeprowadzone przed wyjazdem i w trakcie trwania misji. W skład badania weszła ocena biochemiczna (IL-1,IL-2,IL-6,IL-10,CRP,TNF-alfa,CRH,ACTH), oraz ocena psychologiczna za pomocą Skali Odczuwanego Stresu S.Cohena(PSS-10), Skali Kontroli Emocji(CECS)M. Watsona, S. Greera oraz Kwestionariusza COPE J.Carvera.

Wyniki

W wyniku przeprowadzonej analizy statystycznej zmiennych wykazano związek między poziomem odczuwanego stresu i sposobami radzenia sobie z nim, a także wybranymi sposobami kontroli emocji a wyznacznikami reakcji zapalnych.

Wnioski

W sytuacjach trudnych, którym towarzyszy wzrost zmiennych odpowiadających za biochemiczną reakcję zapalną organizmu wzrasta skuteczny model radzenia sobie z sytuacjami trudnymi i kontrolowaniem emocji, przy jednoczesnym spadku subiektywnego poziomu odczuwanego stresu.
Caring for women with thyroid disorders in pregnancy
Authors: Hyer Steve L
Published: July 2018

Thyroid hormone levels within the normal range are essential to support a healthy pregnancy. Since thyroid disorders are prevalent in women of childbearing age, midwives need to be fully aware of the implications of these conditions for the mother and fetus to ensure the best possible pregnancy outcomes. With increasing understanding about the interaction between the thyroid function of the mother and her offspring, this article is focused on the practical aspects of caring for women based on updated guidelines. This review considers the risks of maternal hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism to the pregnant woman and her baby during and after pregnancy.
Pregnant women are doing it for themselves: Self-monitoring of blood pressure in pregnancy
Authors: Lavallee Layla , Tucker Katherine , McManus Richard
Published: July 2018

Regular blood pressure checks are crucial to the early detection of pre-eclampsia and are associated with better maternal and neonatal outcomes. Hypertension can develop between antenatal visits, however, and complications may progress rapidly. Having women monitor their own blood pressure at home could be an effective way of overcoming this problem, providing a cost-effective means to improve outcomes and empower women. Further evidence is needed, however, to ensure that the practice is implemented safely and favourably for both women and health professionals.
Students in practice: The role of the student support midwife
Authors: Power Alison , Jewell Laura
Published: July 2018

The Nursing and Midwifery Council's Standards for pre-registration midwifery education state that the balance between clinical practice and theory for pre-registration midwifery education should be no less than 50% practice and no less than 40% theory. Time spent in clinical practice should enable students to achieve the required standards to be competent and confident at the point of registration. In September 2020 ‘future proof’ standards of proficiency for registered midwives will ensure student midwives are adequately prepared to deal with the increasingly complex demands of their chosen profession. In the interim, the model of support with students being supervised by sign-off mentors will remain in place. This article will discuss how one Trust has introduced the enhanced role of student support midwife to coordinate student placements.
House soiling by cats: two case studies with contrasting behavioural diagnoses and treatment approaches
Authors: Fry Deborah J N
Published: July 2018

Two behavioural case studies are presented related to house soiling by cats. Similarities and differences in presenting signs are discussed, as well as contrasts in required treatment according to the individual emotional and motivational states of the cats. These cases highlight the importance of caregivers or health professionals consulting with clinical animal behaviour experts, and the complexities that each case presents.
Perianaesthetic fluid therapy: an update
Authors: Borland Karla , Bennett Rachel C
Published: July 2018

Intravenous fluid therapy is routinely administered to animals during the perianaesthetic period. The purpose of fluid therapy is the maintenance of circulating blood volume, arterial blood pressure and tissue perfusion. In addition, fluid administration aims to meet losses due to ventilation and urinary production. Current guidelines for maintenance fluid rates are 5 ml/kg/h in dogs and 3 ml/kg/h in cats. These doses are considerably less that the 10 m/kg/h used previously. Studies have demonstrated that iatrogenic fluid overdose leads to perianaesthetic mortality in humans, while studies using more restrictive rates of fluid administration have shown shorter duration of hospitalisation and faster return of gastrointestinal motility. Assessment of hypovolaemia is challenging; changes in heart rate and arterial blood pressure are commonly used; however, these indicators are relatively insensitive indicators of hypovolaemia. Goal-directed therapy is advocated, using pulse-pressure variation and systolic-pressure variation. Treatment options for fluid therapy include crystalloids and colloids. Crystalloids are used to treat deficits in the extracellular fluid volume. Colloids may be used to support intravascular fluid deficits. However, evidence-based guidelines for the selection of different fluid types are not clearly defined. Fluid therapy plans should be tailored to the needs of an individual animal.
Vaccination in the face of disease outbreaks
Authors: Walter Olivia
Published: July 2018

Wildlife Vets International is working with the Zimbabwean Veterinary Department and Painted Dog Conservation, Zimbabwe, to vaccinate domestic dogs and cats to reduce the incidence of rabies and canine distemper. This should help to protect the painted dogs against these diseases, although at present they are still problems.
CPD: Moving from NQT to RQT
Authors: Burnage Steve
Published: July 2018

Continuing his regular series, Steve Burnage talks us through CPD ideas that can be adapted. He offers a template for a 45-minute workshop with free handouts and slides on our website. This instalment looks at reflecting on your NQT year, making the step up to RQT, and preparing for whatever lies ahead
A four-step teaching sequence
Authors: Bromley Matt
Published: July 2018

Trainee teachers will currently be honing their teaching practice in readiness for September. Matt Bromley discusses why he prefers to follow a four-step teaching sequence in the classroom
Effective time-management
Authors: Dabell John
Published: July 2018

Time-management is a vital skill for teachers, especially those new to the profession and certainly for those beginning life as an NQT or RQT. John Dabell offers some advice
Stand up for your rights
Authors: Keates Chris
Published: July 2018

Welcome to SecEd's NQT special edition. The next eight pages offer advice for NQTs as they approach the end of their year and for trainee teachers as they prepare for NQT life in September. To begin, Chris Keates looks at the entitlements and support that all new teachers should be receiving…
Reflecting on your NQT year
Authors: Trafford Bernard
Published: July 2018

Your NQT year is almost over. It is time to reflect on what went well and areas for improvement and – after taking a well-earned break – plan for September. Dr Bernard Trafford advises
Effect of Pallet Size MAP using PA Film and LLDPE Film on the Shelf Life of Tomatoes and Paprikas
Authors: Kim Jinse , Jung Hyun Kyung , Kim Jung Hwa , Lee Young Hee , Park Seok Ho , Choi Dong Soo , Kim Yong Hoon , Lee Soo Jang , Park Chun Wan , Cho Byoung-Kwan
Published: July 2018

The variations of internal temperature, relative humidity (RH) and gas concentration in the pallet modified atmosphere package (MAP), using polyamide (PA) film and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) film, were investigated to extend the shelf life of tomatoes and paprikas. The temperature and RH inside the MAP were higher than that in the cold room, but there was no water condensation inside the MA film. The ethylene concentration in the MAP was maintained below 10 ppm. Oxygen level was stabilized at 2 to 5% during the storage and carbon dioxide level was also stabilized at 15 to 20%. The weight loss of the MAP tomatoes and paprikas was lower than that of the control because the RH in the pallet MAP was higher than that of the cold room. The fungal decay rate in the pallet MAP was also lower than that in the control due to a low oxygen concentration rate. There were no significant differences in the soluble solids, titratable acidity and Hunter’s color, but differences did exist in the hardness between the MAP and the control. So, this pallet MAP method was effective at extending the shelf life of tomatoes and paprikas considering the weight loss, fungal decay and hardness.