bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Micromobility – vehicles, multimodality, infrastructure
Authors: Timić Tijana , Glavic Drazenko , Milenković Marina
Published: December 2020

Large cities are facing with traffic congestion and increased emissions. With the increase in the city population there is an increase in user mobility, which results in congestion on the street network. For short-distance movements of up to 8 km, micromobility creates new mobility services in cities, which contributes to reducing congestion on the street network. In addition to reducing congestion, micromobility will also create changes in parking and street space distribution. Because of their advantages, electric micro vehicles have the potential to replace the car for a significant percentage of short trips in cities. This will help cities reduce the number of cars on city streets. This paper presents the analysis of means of transport, the analysis of multimodality through the "Share mobility" concept and the "MaaS" concept, as well as through the infrastructural requirements of electric micro vehicles.
DAYA SAING EKSPOR PRODUK CPO INDONESIA DAN POTENSI HILIRISASI DIOLAH MENJADI BIODIESEL
Authors: Susanto Danar Agus
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTIndonesia is the world's largest producer of crude palm oil (CPO). Even so, the trend of international trade in Indonesian CPO products has decreased in the last 10 years with a value of -10.19%. The decline in world demand for CPO can be dealt with by utilizing CPO as a biofuel for domestic use, like biodiesel. The purpose of this study is to determine the competitiveness of Indonesian CPO in global trade and determine the parameters of the quality requirements of CPO and biodiesel. The competitiveness analysis method uses the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) method, while the analysis of the potential quality of CPO as a biofuel is carried out by analyzing the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). CPO trade in the global market is controlled by Indonesia with a market share of 50% and Malaysia 25.6%, with the declining trade trend in the last 10 years relatively (2010-2019) of -6.91%. The level of competitiveness of Indonesian CPO products in 2019 is very strong, but on average in the last 10 years, the level of competitiveness of Indonesian CPO is no better than that of Malaysia. Indonesia has SNI 01-2901-2006 and SNI 7182: 2015 as a determinant of the quality of CPO and biodiesel products developed in Indonesia so that the CPO and biodiesel produced fullfil sacurity and safety aspects when used by consumers.Keywords: crude palm oil (CPO), competitivenessv, quality, Indonesian National Standard (SNI) ABSTRAKIndonesia merupakan negara produsen minyak kelapa sawit mentah/ Crude Palm Oil (CPO) terbesar di dunia. Meskipun demikian, tren perdagangan internasional produk CPO Indonesia mengalami penurunan dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir dengan nilai -10,19%. Penurunan permintaan dunia terhadap CPO, dapat disiasati dengan memanfaatkan CPO sebagai bahan bakar nabati untuk keperluan dalam negeri sebagai biodiesel. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui daya saing CPO Indonesia dalam perdagangan global dan mengetahui parameter persyaratan mutu CPO dan biodiesel. Metode analisis daya saing menggunakan metode Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), sedangkan analisis potensi kualitas CPO sebagai biofuel dilakukan dengan menganalisis Standar Nasional Indoensia (SNI). Perdagangan CPO dalam pasar global dikuasai oleh Indonesia dengan pangsa pasar 50% dan Malaysia 25,6%, dengan tren perdagangan relatif menurun dalam 10 tahun terakhir (2010-2019) sebesar -6,91%. Tingkat daya saing produk CPO Indonesia pada tahun 2019 sangat kuat, namun secara rata-rata dalam 10 tahun terakhir, tingkat daya saing CPO Indonesia tidak lebih baik dari Malaysia. Indonesia memiliki SNI 01-2901-2006 dan SNI 7182:2015 sebagai penentu kualitas produk CPO dan biodiesel yang dikembangkan di Indonesia, sehingga CPO dan biodiesel yang dihasilkan memenuhi aspek keamanan dan keselamatan ketika digunakan oleh konsumen.Kata kunci: crude palm oil (CPO), daya saing, kualitas, Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI)
EKSTENSIFIKASI BARANG KENA CUKAI MINUMAN RINGAN BERPEMANIS
Authors: Murwani Sri , Karmana I Wayan , Hasibuan Hendro Daniel , Sriyanto Agus
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT:This study discusses the urgency of taxation on sweetened beverages in order to reduce the negative impact of consumption. Consumption control in the form of taxation is expected to reduce the negative impact. We use qualitative research method approach to understand social phenomena into a case study situational analysis that discusses the phenomenon of negative impact on sweetened beverages, with the approach of theory and previous research with the same research object, we discuss aspects of public policy in order to determine the object of new excise, namely, Legal, Philosophical Aspects, Socio-Economic, Reference, and Operational Aspects. The results showed that restrictions on the consumption of sweetened beverages can be done by taxation mechanism in accordance with the aspects required by the Law. Thus, the imposition of a tax on sweetened beverages meets the criteria and it is necessary to immediately propose to be designated as the object of the new BKC in an effort to reduce the negative impacts of consuming sweetened beverages.Keywords: Esktensifikasi, Taxable Goods, Sweetened Beverages. Public Policy.ABSTRAK:Penelitian ini membahas urgensi pengenaan cukai pada minuman berpemanis dalam rangka mengurangi dampak negatif konsumsi. Pengendalian konsumsi dalam bentuk pengenaan cukai diharapkan mampu menurunkan dampak negatif tersebut. Kami menggunakan pendekatan metode penelitian kualitatif untuk memahami fenomena sosial menjadi suatu studi kasus analisa situasional yang membahas fenomena dampak negatif terhadap minuman- berpemanis, dengan pendekatan teori dan penelitian terdahulu dengan objek penelitian yang sama, kami membahas aspek-aspek kebijakan publik dalam rangka penetapan objek cukai baru yaitu, Legal, Aspek Filosofis, Sosial Ekonomi, Referensi dan Aspek Operasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembatasan konsumsi minuman berpemanis dapat dilakukan mekanisme pengenaan cukai sesuai dengan aspek yang dipersyaratkan oleh Undang-Undang. Pengenaan cukai terhadap minuman berpemanis telah memenuhi kriteria dan perlu untuk segera diusulkan untuk ditetapkan sebagai objek BKC baru sebagai upaya untuk mengurangi dampak-dampak negatif akibat mengkonsumsi minuman berpemanis.Kata Kunci: Ekstensifikasi, Barang Kena Cukai, Minuman Berpemanis. Kebijakan Publik.
Super-exploitation: precarity and the proletarian condition through the perspective of Marxist theory of dependency
Authors: Felix Gil , Valencia Adrián Sotelo
Published: December 2020

In this article we analyse the issue of increasing precarity in the world of work in light of the Brazilian Ruy Mauro Marini’s theses and the concept of super-exploitation. Forged in the domain of a Marxist theory of dependency, the concept was originally formulated to designate specific regimes within Latin American social formations. In this respect, first we review certain global trends in the world of work and transformation processes in dependent countries’ regimes of super-exploitation, going on then to examine the issue’s contemporary emergence as a phenomenon in central capitalist countries. Finally, we discuss the category’s validity, as well as its implications for understanding new morphologies of the working class both in Latin America and across the world.
The Linguistic and Situational features of WhatsApp Messages
Authors: Alazzawie Abdulkhaliq
Published: December 2020

WhatsApp messages can be such a rich source for creative and
spontaneous language geared towards more individual expression. This study aims
to explore the linguistic features of text messaging communicative intent,
content and context. 100
different texts from a high school student population in Canada were collected
and analyzed using Biber and Conrad’s
(2009) qualitative approach to register, genre, and style analysis. The result is that many people use
a lot of clipped sentences in a free flow of casual speech. It is
concluded that while it is true that a lot of common abbreviations are used and
have become standard, there is a lot of individualistic variance in terms of
style and language usage.
غطرسة القوة والإمبريالية كما تتجلى في حديث ترامب الإعلامي تحليل الخطاب النقدي
Authors: M. A. Al-Saeedi Habeeb
Published: December 2020

يتميز الخطاب الرئاسي الأمريكي، في وسائل الإعلام خلال فترة رئاسة ترامب بغطرسة القوة وبالإمبريالية اللتان تعتبران السمة البارزة لسياسة الرئيس ترامب الخارجية. حيث إنه يسعى دائمًا لتقديم أمريكا على أنها الدولة العظمى والأقوى في العالم، وبأنه هو أفضل رئيس تم انتخابه على الإطلاق. إن النظر بفوقية إلى الآخرين وفرض إرادة أمريكا هي الاستراتيجية التي يتبناها ترامب مع الحلفاء والأعداء لتحقيق مشاريع وخطط الولايات المتحدة حول العالم.

الدراسة الحالية عبارة عن تحليل نقدي يبحث في مظاهر غطرسة القوة والإمبريالية في خطابات ترامب الإعلامية. ويحاول البحث ايجاد إجابات حول كيفية تجلى هذين المفهومين في الخطاب السياسي للرئيس الامريكي.

لقد بينت نتائج هذه الدراسة أن الرئيس ترامب يتبنى ويمارس غطرسة القوة والإمبريالية في خطاباته الإعلامية بمختلف اشكالها: في المقابلات التلفزيونية والمؤتمرات الصحفية والتجمعات الانتخابية بما في ذلك تغريداته على موقع تويتر
الحِوَارِيَاتِ الضِّمْنِيَةِ: إِدْرَاكِهَا وَ إِنْتَاجِهَا مِنْ قِبَلْ طَلَبَةِ الجَامِعَاتِ
Authors: Jasim Mohammed Hamid , Kadhim AL-Attabi Faris
Published: December 2020

تُعتَبَر الحِوَارِياتِ الضَّمْنِيةِ طَرِيقَةٌ اسَاسيَةٌ  للتَوَاصِل. الحِوَارِيَةٌ الضَّمْنيَةٌ تٌشيرُ الى الطَريِقَةِ غَيرٌ المٌبَاشِرَةِ في التَعبِيرِ عَنْ الآرَاءِ, الأَفكارِ, المَعلٌومَاتِ و المَعَارِفِ. تَهدٌفٌ هذهِ الدِرَاسَةِ الى البَحثِ عَنْ قٌدرَةِ طَلَبَةِ الجَامِعَاتِ العِرَاقِيَةِ فِي إِدرَاكِ و إِنتَاجِ الحِوَارِيَاتِ الضَّمنِيِةِ . إِستُخدِمَ فِي هذهِ الدِرَاسَةِ نَوعَيِنِ مِنَ إِختِبَارَاتِ مٌتَعَدِدَةِ الخَيَارَاتِ لِجَمعِ البَيَانَاتِ وَقَد تَمَّ تَحْلِيلْ تِلكَ الَبَيَانَاتِ بِطَرِيِقَةِ التَحلِيلِ الكَميِ. إِنًّ العَيِنَةِ الَّتِي تَمَّ دِرَاسَتِهَا فِي هذهِ الرِسَالةِ تَتَكَوَن مِن 100 طَالِبٍ و طَالِبَةٍ مِن الذِيِنَ يَدرُسُوُن فِي قِسْمُ اللُغَةِ الإِنكِلِيِزِيَةِ, كُليَّةِ التَربِيَةِ للعُلُوُمِ الإِنسَانِيةِ, جامِعَةِ وَاسِط. وَقَد تَمَّ تَأدِيَةِ الإِختِبَارِ بِشِكلٍ إِلِكترُونِي بإِستِخدَامِ  مَنَصَاتَ التَعلِيمِ وذلك في ال30 من مارس 2020م.Google Classroom  

Free Conference Call   الإِلِكترُونِيَةِ

مِن أَجلِ تَحقِيقِ أَهدَافِ الدِرَاسَةِ, قَدْ تَمَّ وَضْعُ بَعْضُ الفَرَضِياتِ مِنْهَا: إِنَّ طَلَبَةِ الجَامِعَاتِ لَدَيِهِمْ القُدْرَةِ عَلى إِدْرَاكِ و إنْتَاجِ الحِوَارِيَاتِ الضَّمْنِيَةِ. وَقَدْ تَوَصَّلَتِ الدِّرَاسَةِ, بَعْدَ تَحْلِيلِ البَيَانَاتِ, إِلىَ إِنَّ طَلَبَةِ الجَامِعَاتِ لا يَمْتَلِكُونَ القُدْرَةِ عَلَى إِدْرَاكِ وَ إِنْتَاجِ الحِوَارِيَاتِ الضِّمْنِيَةِ.
Exact solution for heat transport of Newtonian fluid with quadratic order thermal slip in a porous medium
Authors: GANESH N. Vishnu , AL-MDALLAL Qasem , KALAIVANANC R.
Published: December 2020

In this communication, an analytical solution for the thermal transfer of Newtonian fluid flow with quadratic order thermal and velocity slips is presented for the first time. The flow of a Newtonian fluid over a stretching sheet which is embedded in a porous medium is considered. Karniadakis and Beskok’s quadratic order slip boundary conditions are taking into account. A closed form of analytical solution of momentum equation is used to derive the analytical solution of heat transfer equation in terms of confluent hyper-geometric function with quadratic order thermal slip boundary condition. Accuracy of present results is assured with the numerical solution obtained by Iterative Power Series method with shooting technique. The impacts of porous medium parameter, tangential momentum accommodation coefficient, energy accommodation coefficient on velocity and temperature profiles, skin friction coefficient and reduced Nusselt number are discussed. The Nusselt number increases with the higher estimations of tangential momentum and energy accommodation coefficients.
Glioma tumor suppressor candidate region gene 2 is differentially expressed in the lymph node and brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: December 2020

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that glioma tumor suppressor candidate region gene 2, encoded by GLTSCR2, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain and lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to normal breast tissues. GLTSCR2 mRNA was present at significantly reduced quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to normal breast tissues. Down-regulation of glioma tumor suppressor candidate region gene 2 may be an important event for metastasis of primary tumor-derived cancer cells to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer. These data combined suggest some level of common origin for metastases that reside in the lymph nodes and colonize the brain.
Experiments with Multinational Cross-Course Project
Authors: Raval Mehul , Kaya Tolga , Zaveri Mazad , Sharma Paawan
Published: December 2020

A modern engineer needs global competencies to work in a multinational team. Active learning during education helps to understand the nuances of such future engagements. Therefore, this paper discusses the dynamics of the crosscourse project for sophomores in a multicultural environment. The project is embedded within courses = offered at two universities, which are spatially and temporally separated. At each university the course uses blended learning with project providing opportunities for online interactions and rest content coverage through classroom dialogues. The paper outlines the experiences of the students, faculty and provides recommendations for future implementations. The essential advisory is for: (1) Fine-tuning the framework for improving teamwork. (2) Supervising the groups and evaluating them as per the onshore university norms.
Survei Kerukunan Umat Beragama tahun 2018
Authors: Ulum Raudatul
Published: December 2020

Survei Kerukunan Umat Beragama tahun 2018, adalah survei tentang tingkat toleransi, sikap terhadap kesetaraan beragama, kerjasama antarpemeluk agama dalam berbagai aspek adalah kegiatan penelitian seri tahunan sejak tahun 2015. Kerukunan antarumat beragama di Indonesia cukup dinamis dengan angka yang naik dan turun setiap tahun, tren data tahunan berkisar antara 67-72, kemungkinan di masa sepuluh tahun akan stasioners di angka 70. Kategori rukun antara 60-80, diyakini sebagai angka yang menggambarkan kerukunan tinggi. Pada survei tahun 2018, angka kerukunan nasional
pangkat,akar, logaritma dan deret.
Authors: Serly
Published: December 2020

pemahaman ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar mahasiswa pada pelajar tentang yaitu (1). memahami tentang perpangkatan, (2). memahami tentang akar, (3). memahami tentang logaritma,(4). memahami tentang apa itu deret
التخطيط والتنمية الاقتصادية
Authors: Rania
Published: December 2020

يُعد النظام الاقتصادي القوي أحد أهم الدعائم في نهضة الأمم والشعوب، لتحقيق التنمية الاقتصادية وتأمين حياة كريمة لأفراد المجتمع، من خلال توفير البنى العمرانية والتعليمية والصحية، كتوفير المدارس والجامعات، ورفع مستوى هذه المؤسسات، وتأهيل الكوادر الطبية في المؤسسات الصحية، وتأمين الأجهزة الطبية ذات الجودة العالية، وفرص العمل، وتحقيق الاكتفاء الذاتي من منتجات زراعية وصناعية وتنويع مصادر الدخل بتنشيط القطاعات الاقتصادية المختلفة، بدلاً من الاعتماد على مصدر واحد فقط. وبذلك تتعزز قدرة الدول التي تتمتع باقتصاد قوي على مواجهة الأزمات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية التي قد تسبب بدورها خللاً في بنية وتماسك الأنظمة الاجتماعية والاقتصادية. ولكي يكون النظام الاقتصادي جيداً وقوياً، لا بد من وجود ظروف وعوامل مساعدة، طبيعية وبشرية وإدارية، أهمها التخطيط الاقتصادي المبني على خطط ومبادئ علمية مدروسة ودقيقة
A Mathematical Interpretation and Validation of the Streamline's Shape Theory for Inviscid-Incompressible Flows & Viscid-Compressible Flows of the Newtonian Fluids
Authors: George Yuvaraj
Published: December 2020

This article objectively assesses, the hypothesis of the streamline's shape theory and its formulated equation. The deduction of proof uses algebra rather than first-order partial differential equations to address the specific hypothesis of "Streamline's shape theory" from the fundamental perspective of applied mathematics and scientifically derives mathematical relations of the axioms and corollaries in the field of fluid dynamics. The algebraic methods employed provide progressively more distinct and precise solutions compared to first-order partial differential equations. The foremost objective of this work is to evaluate if the formulations of the streamline's shape theory can have solutions for inviscid-incompressible and viscid-compressible flows of Newtonian fluids and to identify their nature. Secondly, to understand how the topology of the body and the free-stream conditions affect these solutions with due regards to the shape and size of the body interacting with the fluid flow. Finally, to explore the possibility of this theory to develop a CFD solver for streamline simulation to reduce the experimentation in the analysis of flow-structure interactions of Newtonian fluids and also to identify its scope of applications and limitations.
PROSPECTS FOR IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF WATER INSULATION WORKS IN GAS WELLS
Authors: Al-Obaidi Sudad H , FH Khalaf
Published: December 2020

In the oil industry, the inflow of water into the gas and oil wells represents always an important issue that needs to deal with. In this study a water-repellent composition, which is based on volatile hydrocarbon solvent,was proposed for handling of water isolating work in gas wells. As a volatile hydrocarbon solvent, it was quite promising to use gas condensate and its primary processing products (like stable gas condensate SC and light distillate of gas condensate DGCL). Initially, we studied the effect of compositions based on the ABR water repellent, M100 fuel oil and solvents SC, DGCL and mixed in equal volumes of DGCL + SC on gas permeability ofgas-saturated porous medium. The article presents the results of studies, conducted on physical models of the formation, confirming the efficiency and selectivity of the water-repellent composition impact on the water-cutinterval.
SCALE EFFECT IN LABORATORY DETERMINATION OF THE PROPERTIES OF COMPLEX CARBONATE RESERVOIRS
Authors: IP Kamensky , Al-Obaidi Sudad H , FH Khalaf
Published: December 2020

As it is well known that, formation porosity and permeability are fundamental rock properties. Porosity is a measure of the storage capacity of the rock and permeability is a measure of rock flow capacity. In this study the relationship of the scale effect with the features and type of the capacitive structure of complex reservoirs is shown. The characteristic conditions for the manifestation of large-scale effects in determining porosity and permeability are analyzed. Also in this work the influence of the scale effect on the representativeness of laboratory determinations of flow- storage capacitance (FSC) properties is shown. The relationship between the values of porosity and permeability with the object of the core study has been established.
Animacy and the prediction of behaviour
Authors: Schultz Johannes , Frith Chris D.
Published: December 2020

To survive, all animals need to predict what other agents are going to do next. Here, we review neural mechanisms involved in the steps required for this ability. The first step is to determine whether an object is an agent and, if so, how sophisticated it is. This involves brain regions carrying representations of animate agents. Once identified, the movements of an agent can be anticipated in the short term on the basis of purely physical constraints. In the longer term, taking into account the agent’s goals and intentions is useful. Goal directed agents are marked by the rationality of their movements, reaching their goals by the shortest or least effortful path. Observing goal directed behaviour activates the brain’s action observation/mirror neuron network, and predicting future goal directed behaviour is helped by the observer’s own action generating mechanisms. Intentions have a critical role in determining actions when agents interact with other agents, as several intentions can lie behind a given action. In these cases, interpretation is helped by prior beliefs about the agent and the brain’s mentalising system is engaged. Biologically-constrained computational models of action recognition are available, but equivalent models for understanding intentional agents remain to be developed.
Don’t blame yourself: Conscious source monitoring modulates feedback control during speech production
Authors: Franken Matthias K. , Hartsuiker Robert , Johansson Petter , Hall Lars , Lind Andreas
Published: December 2020

Sensory feedback plays an important role in speech motor control. One of the main sources of evidence for this are studies where online auditory feedback is perturbed during ongoing speech. In motor control, it is therefore crucial to distinguish between sensory feedback and externally generated sensory events. This is called source monitoring. Previous altered feedback studies have taken non-conscious source monitoring for granted, as automatic responses to altered sensory feedback imply that the feedback changes are processed as self-caused. However, the role of conscious source monitoring is unclear. The current study investigated whether conscious source monitoring modulates responses to unexpected pitch changes in auditory feedback. During a first block, some participants spontaneously attributed the pitch shifts to themselves (self-blamers) while others attributed them to an external source (other-blamers). Before block 2, all participants were informed that the pitch shifts were experimentally induced. The self-blamers then showed a reduction in response magnitude in block 2 compared with block 1, while the other-blamers did not. This suggests that conscious source monitoring modulates responses to altered auditory feedback, such that consciously ascribing feedback to oneself leads to larger compensation responses. These results can be accounted for within the dominant comparator framework, where conscious source monitoring could modulate the gain on sensory feedback. Alternatively, the results can be naturally explained from an inferential framework, where conscious knowledge may bias the priors in a Bayesian process to determine the most likely source of a sensory event.
The Heritability of Attachment Systems
Authors: Barbaro Nicole
Published: December 2020

Attachment theory has strong environmental origins, from which it has been the broad consensus that variation in attachment is caused by variation in environments (shared and non-shared), with little role of genetic variation, especially in infants. However, the state of the behavior genetic evidence needs critical evaluation to discern whether such environmentalist claims are warranted. Here, I demonstrate that the majority of the available twin studies are not adequately powered to detect additive genetic effects if present, and that the majority of twin studies in infants are not adequately powered to detect shared environmental effects. Within the published research, I can find only three adequately powered twin studies on attachment: one in infants, one in adolescents, and one in adults. I conclude by presenting five observations from behavior genetic studies that future developmental frameworks of attachment must account for.
Unstandard deviation: The untapped value of positive deviance for reducing inequalities
Authors: Ruggeri Kai , Folke Tomas
Published: December 2020

Behavioral science is increasingly used in public policy to understand and address various manifestations of inequalities. Yet evidence from effective population-level interventions is limited. One framework, known as positive deviance, emphasizes individuals from disadvantaged circumstances who have significantly better outcomes than are typical for their group. Studying their behaviors and outcomes helps to understand what might explain their overall success. It can also help to incorporate those insights in such a way that would facilitate others from these circumstances to experience positive outcomes. Because positive deviance has been markedly understudied, we present a framework for doing so specifically within behavioral science for public policies aimed at reducing inequalities. Using examples from real-world and experimental insights on choices and outcomes of positive deviants, we encourage further study of their choices and trajectories over time to produce valuable insights. We propose that leveraging those findings would inform public policy by introducing interventions that are more ecologically sound and population relevant, and consequently have a better chance at benefiting those who start off under adverse circumstances.
Examining Academic Coping Strategies Among Black American Students in Terms of Math Resilency
Authors: Kendall Brooks Lauren D. , Talley Cheryl
Published: December 2020

Failure is the most commonly assumed outcome for Black American students studying math, which does not leave much room for understanding how Black American students do succeed in mathematics. Despite this assumption, many Black American students are resilient and able to have positive academic math outcomes. Studies suggest that mathematics literacy in Black American students is linked to identity construction at the intersection of their racial identity and math identity. Using Spencer’s PVEST model as a theoretical framework, the current study examines the need for an inclusive framework that observes and accounts for the many factors that influence students’ educational math outcomes. The current study observes academic coping skills as predictors for math computation outcomes. A group of 146 predominantly Black American students were recruited from an HBCU and completed an in-person computerized easy and hard math task with a word task as the control. The math task measured reaction time and accuracy. Participants also completed a survey with subscales from Patterns of Adaptive Learning Scales, Abbreviated Math Anxiety Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11, and subscales from the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory. Results revealed that none of the predicted coping strategies were able to predict the outcome on the math task. Data exploration was performed and found that comprehension was able to significantly predict impulsivity and academic efficacy, and planning was able to significantly predict impulsivity and academic efficacy.
Positive Exemplar Exposure: A Method for Early Implicit Racial Bias Change
Authors: Gonzalez Antonya Marie
Published: December 2020

In adults, implicit racial bias has been linked to prejudiced and discriminatory behavior. However, implicit racial biases emerge well before adulthood; as young as age six, children have already internalized the racial attitudes of their culture. Thus, it is critical for researchers to understand how to change implicit racial bias early in development, before its negative effects compound across the lifespan. The following chapter highlights one potential method of bias reduction in childhood: exposure to positive exemplars. As this method is both scalable and child-friendly, it has the potential to be used with young children on a broader cultural level. This chapter details child-friendly methods for measuring bias change and provides two examples of studies that have successfully employed positive exemplar exposure to reduce children’s implicit racial bias. I conclude the chapter with recommendations for future use of this intervention cross-culturally, as well as broader cultural applications.
Times are Changing, Bias isn’t: A Meta-Meta-Analysis on Publication Bias Detection Practices, Prevalence Rates, and Predictors in Industrial/Organizational Psychology
Authors: Siegel Magdalena , Eder Junia , Wicherts Jelte M. , Pietschnig Jakob
Published: December 2020

Effect misestimations plague Psychological Science, but advances in the identification of dissemination biases in general and publication bias in particular have helped in dealing with biased effects in the literature. However, the application of publication bias detection methods appears to be not equally prevalent across subdisciplines. It has been suggested that particularly in I/O Psychology, appropriate publication bias detection methods are underused. In this meta-meta-analysis, we present prevalence estimates, predictors, and time trends of publication bias in 128 meta-analyses that were published in the Journal of Applied Psychology (7,263 effect sizes, 3,000,000+ participants). Moreover, we reanalyzed data of 87 meta-analyses and applied nine standard and more modern publication bias detection methods. We show that (i) the bias detection method applications are underused (only 41% of meta-analyses use at least one method) but have increased in recent years, (ii) those meta-analyses that apply such methods now use more, but mostly inappropriate methods, and (iii) the prevalence of potential publication bias is concerning but mostly remains undetected. Although our results indicate somewhat of a trend towards higher bias awareness, they substantiate concerns about potential publication bias in I/O Psychology, warranting increased researcher awareness about appropriate and state-of-the-art bias detection and triangulation. Embracing open science practices such as data sharing or study preregistration is needed to raise reproducibility and ultimately strengthen Psychological Science in general and I/O Psychology in particular.
Multi-method assessment of pubertal timing and associations with internalizing psychopathology in early adolescent girls
Authors: Barendse Marjolein , Byrne Michelle L , Flournoy John Coleman , McNeilly Elizabeth A. , Guazzelli Williamson Victoria , Barrett Ann-Marie , Chavez Samantha , Shirtcliff Elizabeth A , Allen Nicholas B. , Pfeifer Jennifer H
Published: December 2020

Objective: Early pubertal timing has consistently been associated with internalizing psychopathology in adolescent girls. Here, we aimed to examine whether the association between timing and mental health outcomes varies by measurement of pubertal timing and internalizing psychopathology, differs between adrenarcheal and gonadarcheal processes, and is stronger concurrently or prospectively. Methods: We assessed 174 female adolescents (age 10.0-13.0 at Time 1) twice, with an 18-month interval. Participants provided self-reported assessments of depression/anxiety symptoms and pubertal development, subjective pubertal timing, and date of menarche. Their parents/guardians also reported on the adolescent’s pubertal development and subjective pubertal timing. We assessed salivary DHEA, testosterone and estradiol levels, and conducted clinical interviews to determine the presence of case level (DSM-IV and HiTOP) internalizing disorders. From these data, we computed 12 measures of pubertal timing at both time points, as well as 7 measures of internalizing psychopathology, and entered these in a Specification Curve Analysis. Results and Conclusion: Overall, earlier pubertal timing was associated with increased internalizing psychopathology cross-sectionally and prospectively. However, results varied by measure of pubertal timing and psychopathology, with the strongest associations when pubertal timing was based on the Tanner Stage Line Drawings and when the outcome was case-level DSM-IV depression or HiTOP distress disorders. Timing based on hormone levels was not associated with internalizing psychopathology, suggesting that psychosocial mechanisms, captured by timing measures of visible physical characteristics, are more meaningful determinants of internalizing psychopathology than biological ones in early adolescent girls. Future research should precisely measure and test these psychosocial mechanisms.
Co-use of medication and alcohol: The influence on subjective effects of intoxication and affect
Authors: Helle Ashley C. , Wycoff Andrea M , Griffin Sarah A , Fleming Megan , Freeman Lindsey K , Vebares Tayler J. , Rodriguez Elsa M. , Zapata Maria F. , Trull Timothy J
Published: December 2020

Co-use of alcohol and medication can have serious negative health effects (e.g., overdose risk, liver damage). Research has primarily focused on older adults or the pharmacokinetics of specific medication-alcohol combinations. Little work has been done on the subjective experience of persons who take alcohol-interactive (AI) medications and also drink alcohol, particularly in psychiatric samples at high risk for problematic alcohol use and high rates of prescription medication use, such as individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Data from a larger ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study of alcohol use in 52 persons diagnosed with BPD (83% women; Mage=26 years) were used to examine the influence of alcohol intoxication (i.e., estimated blood alcohol concentration; eBAC) and medication co-use on momentary subjective experience while drinking. Participants reported AI medication use at baseline and completed multiple EMA reports per day over 21 days, which included reports of alcohol use, subjective effects of alcohol (e.g., pleasure, feeling worse), and negative and positive affect. AI medications significantly moderated the association between eBAC and pleasurable effects of alcohol, such that at higher levels of eBAC, those taking AI medications experienced blunted subjective pleasure compared to those not taking AI medications. AI medications did not moderate the associations between eBAC and subjective relief, feeling worse, positive affect, or negative affect. Attenuated pleasure during drinking could lead to increased drinking in an attempt to achieve a desirable state among individuals who co-use psychiatric medications and alcohol, and therefore may represent a useful target for prevention and intervention.
University Instructors’ Implicit Theories of Intelligence, Achievement Goals for Teaching, and Teaching Quality
Authors: Stockinger Kristina , Dresel Markus , Dickhäuser Oliver , Daumiller Martin
Published: December 2020

University instructors’ goals for teaching are important for teaching quality. However, studies examining factors that shape instructors’ goal adoption are lacking. Using data from 785 instructors, we investigated whether implicit theories (ITs) about the malleability of intelligence constitute one such factor. Following achievement goal theory and Dweck’s (1999) achievement motivation framework, we analyzed whether differences in teaching goals are attributable to differences in ITs, and whether goals mediate the relation between ITs and instructional quality. Structural equation modeling yielded the expected relations between goals and instructional quality (positive for mastery and performance approach goals; negative for performance avoidance and work avoidance goals). As hypothesized, stronger endorsement of incremental ITs was positively related to mastery, and negatively to work avoidance goals. However, ITs were unrelated to performance goals. Indirect effects of ITs on teaching quality via goals were significant but rather weak. Implications for research and fostering teaching motivation are discussed.
The Debate on Student Evaluations of Teaching: Global Convergence Confronts Higher Education Traditions
Authors: Pineda Pedro , Steinhardt Isabel
Published: December 2020

Through co-occurrence analysis of 1139 documents (1964-2018) we identified trends in the discussions about the implementation of student teaching evaluation (SET). We found that: (1) Attention to SET originated in the US in the 1970s, spreading to German-speaking countries in the mid-1990s and continuing in China and Latin America in the early 2000s. (2) SET is commonly viewed as a control tool deserving methodological improvement, while bias is debated in the US. We also found local trajectories: (3) Whereas in the US and Latin America SET is primarily seen as a management tool, German-speaking and Chinese authors reflect more on improving teaching. Chinese scholars consider SET a valid instrument for state control associated with artificial intelligence. Also, (4) SET is commonly used in medical education in the US and the German-speaking region and in physical education in China. We conclude that SET is discussed cross-nationally but affected by national path dependencies.
Shils and the Intellectuals
Authors: Pooley Jefferson
Published: December 2020

This chapter traces Edward Shils' distinctive conception of the intellectual—as indispensable to, but all too often an opponent of, social order. Shils’ aversion to intellectual disloyalty was a constant throughout his adult life, though his speciﬁcally ‘Shilsian’ take on the intellectual and his society would only cohere, in a sophisticated, original, and consistent way, in the late 1950s. The chapter reconstructs Shils’ encounter with the downcast intellectual, first as a precocious reader of Gustave Flaubert, Hippolyte Taine, and, above all, Georges Sorel. It was Sorel’s chiliastic politics of heroic violence which, in its purist clarity, helped disclose the transcendent moral impulse that, to varying degrees, leads intellectuals to judge their societies harshly. When, after World War II, the moral ideal seemed spent even within socialist movements, Shils observed its traces in the complaints of ex-radicals. Society’s loose consensus depends on public belief, he argued, which in turn depends on the social picture put forward by intellectuals. These ‘persons with an unusual sensitivity to the sacred’ could help support the fragile achievements of civil politics, but Shils was not optimistic.
Know it when you see it? The qualities of the communities people describe as “diverse” (or not)
Authors: Abascal Maria , Ganter Flavien
Published: December 2020

We explore what people mean by “diversity” when they use the term to describe real communities. “Diversity” can refer to multiple differences—ethnoracial, economic, etc. It may also refer to multiple dimensions of the same difference, i.e., heterogeneity or group representation. Analyzing a survey of Chicago area residents, we ask: (1) When people describe a community as diverse, on which kinds of differences are they drawing? (2) Within each relevant difference, are evaluations of diversity predicted by heterogeneity, the share of specific groups, or both? Findings suggest respondents associate diversity primarily with a community's ethnoracial attributes and secondarily with its economic attributes. Within ethnoracial attributes, both heterogeneity and the share of disadvantaged ethnoracial groups, especially Blacks, predict assessed diversity. Within economic attributes, income inequality predicts assessed diversity, albeit negatively; the representation of poor people does not. Qualitative responses reveal varied understandings of diversity while confirming the dominance of ethnoracial attributes.
‘अभागी’ कथाको समाजशास्त्रीय अध्ययन 'Abhagi' Kathako Samajshastriya Adhyayan
Authors: दंगाल कमला गुणकुमारी
Published: December 2020

प्रस्तुत अध्ययनमा गुरुप्रसाद मैनालीको अभागी कथामा देखिएको मूल प्रकृतिलाई समेट्ने प्रयत्न भएको छ । कथालाई हिप्पोलाई अडोल्फ तेनद्वारा प्रतिपादित समाजशास्त्रका प्रजाति, क्षण र परिवेशका आधारमा विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । साहित्यिक समाजको अध्ययनमा प्रजाति, क्षण र परिवेशले महङ्खवपूर्ण भूमिका खेल्ने हुनाले विविध मान्यतामध्ये प्रजाति, क्षण र परिवेशले व्यक्तिका, भाषा, संस्कृति, रहनसहन परिस्थिति आदिमा साहित्य र समाजको अध्ययन गर्न सकिन्छ भन्ने विचार प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । सिर्जना समाजभन्दा भिन्न रहन सक्दैन, सर्जक समाजबाटै जन्मिन्छ र आफ्ना सिर्जनाका विषयबस्तु पनि उसले समाजबाट नै लिएको हुन्छ । त्यसैले साहित्य समाजबाट भिन्न रहन सक्दैन भन्ने धारणा रहेको पाइन्छ । तेनले प्रजातिको विकासमा डार्विनको सिद्धान्तबाट पनि प्रभाव ग्रहण गरेका छन् । उनले साहित्यको अध्ययनबाट त्यस समयका मान्छेका भावना विचार र जीवन अवस्था बोध्य हुन्छ भनेका छन् ।साहित्यको समाजशास्त्रीय अध्ययनमा समय तथा युगको खोजलाई समाजमा मान्छे एक्लो हुँदा ऊ प्रकृति तथा सामाजिक वातावरणद्वारा घेरिएको हुन्छ । त्यसैले वातावरणको प्रभावमा एउटा मेसिनले जस्तो साहित्यकारको मस्तिष्कले कार्य गरेको हुन्छ । साहित्यिक कृतिमा प्रजाति, क्षण र परिवेशको आधारमा अभागी कथाको समाजशास्त्रीय विश्लेषण गर्दा घटनाक्रम आएका छन् । तिनलाई तेनको समाजशास्त्रीय प्रवृत्तिगत विशिष्टताको तथ्यपूर्ण विश्लेषण गर्ने प्रयास यस अध्ययनमा गरिएको छ ।
Community Work as Opposition
Authors: Svensson Christian Franklin , Nielsen Vibeke Bak
Published: December 2020

A number of tensions pertaining to social problems and human suffering become apparent when analysing community work in a Danish welfare setting. As a source for critical reflection, we discern some of these challenges, but also potentials, which relate not only to a Danish context, but to challenges in any highly institutionalized welfare system. Three community work social enterprises serve to exemplify the objectives of addressing social problems by fostering participation and empowerment. To enhance and include the voice of service users, the programmes attempt to cultivate human resources as opposed to perceived formalism and a subsequent diminishment of the potentials of community inclusion. The formalistic governmental agendas are perceived to be unable to appreciate the diversity of service users’ individual needs and social challenges, which produces conflicting prospects. Such a dichotomy between formalistic welfare practices and the ideals represented in the three enterprises offers a podium for users, professionals, policymakers and researchers to consider alternative expressions of community work, and how these can address social problems. We maintain that rapidly changing welfare models require an increased sensitivity to human suffering as a position embedded in the habitus and sociological imagination of community work. It is a source for reflection on the role of welfare arenas perceived as spaces in which service users ideally, based on their own social situation, can improve their social circumstances. It is an invitation to reflect on the potentials of community work in a diversity of cultures and practices.
Negotiating Identities and Power
Authors: Chamdimba Elita , Breimo Janne Paulsen
Published: December 2020

Introduction: despite universal efforts, child marriages still occur worldwide. However, not all child marriage unions last, and little is known about how such marriages end. Most critically, there is little information on what happens to young mothers when child marriage unions dissolve. This paper explores the experiences of adolescent mothers who were in child marriages in the cultural context of central Malawi.

Methodology: using qualitative methods, data was collected in two districts in central Malawi. One focus group discussion (FGD) was conducted with key community members (n=14) and three FGD, guided by an unstandardized interview guide, were conducted with adolescent mothers aged 15-22 years (n=15). The FGD with adolescent mothers were conducted in three groups, ranging from three to nine participants per group. In addition to this, a key informant interview was conducted with a community leader who is traditionally recognized as paramount chief (n=1). The data was analysed using a content analysis. The study applied the concept of ‘doing gender’ by West and Zimmerman (1987) in the analysis.

Results: what emerged from the data is that adolescent mothers embodied fragmented identities that are changing over time given the influence of life events. Amid different combinations of roles, several identities were observed: mother, wife, young, adolescent, girl, married, unmarried, victim of child marriage, survivor of child marriage, unemployed, employed, re-enrolled student, and school dropout. While these identities changed, gender did not, thus the changing identifications provided displays for ‘doing gender’ under a diverse set of subjectivities. Expressions of power at the micro-level were demonstrated by adolescent mothers through ‘resilience vs. perseverance’.

Conclusions: the study highlights that cultural sensitivity and responsiveness by traditional leaders, such as the chief, play a role in the empowering revisions of one’s identity by championing liberating life events through the termination of child marriage or access to girls’ education regardless of resistance.
Navigating the multifaceted landscape of culture and social work
Authors: Volckmar-Eeg Maria Gussgard , Enoksen Elisabeth
Published: December 2020

Faced with increased global migration, there is a growing concern that social workers need more training in- and knowledge of culture and ethnicity. These understandings have come to influence research, education, practice, codes of ethics and organizational policy, constituting a multicultural discourse within the field of social work. Social workers are expected to have cultural competence, and exercise cultural sensitivity in their practice. However, a clear and consistent understanding of what it means to be culturally competent or culturally sensitive is missing, and there seems to be little consensus in how to define and apply these concepts, both within research and practice. The aim of this qualitative evidence synthesis is to synthesize what previous empirical research reports about social workers’ understandings and experiences when operationalizing the concepts into practice. Through data-based and a manual journal search, 12 qualitative empirical studies were included in the synthesis. Our analysis describes four main challenges in the studies’ efforts to operationalize the cultural concepts in social work practice: 1) Who to define as culturally diverse service-users; 2) What aspects of culture to consider in the encounters with culturally diverse service-users; 3) How to consider and approach these aspects of culture, and 4) the capacity to work in a culturally appropriate manner within the organizational context where this work is undertaken. The literature acknowledges these challenges to varying degrees. We summarize the four challenges in a model, and argue that the model can be useful in further awareness-raising, development and integration of our understandings of cross-cultural social work. By depicting the essential questions of who, what, how and where to employ the concepts into practice, we aim to assist scholars, practitioners and educators to help navigate the multifaceted landscape of culture and social work.
A case of multifocal cutaneous alternariosis in a patient with hairy cell leukemia
Authors: Wright Glenda R , Osmond Allison , Blondeau Joseph M , Peermohamed Shaqil
Published: December 2020

We present a case of multifocal cutaneous alternariosis in a 69-year-old man with hairy cell leukemia. The patient presented with painful, violaceous nodules of the lower extremities and left forearm. His physical examination was otherwise normal. Biopsy specimens were submitted first for histopathological examination, followed by microbiological testing. Histopathology showed epidermal hyperplasia, intraepidermal abscess formation, and intracellular and extracellular fungal elements. Subsequent microbiological investigations, including fungal culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), isolated Alternaria alternata. The patient was treated for cutaneous alternariosis with itraconazole for 12 weeks and demonstrated significant improvement of the lesions. This case highlights the role of dual histopathological and microbiological laboratory investigation in suspected opportunistic cutaneous mycoses.