bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pandemiebedingte Belastungserfahrungen, Ressourcen und depressive Stimmungen von Studierenden am Ende des Online-Wintersemesters 2020/21
Authors: Förster Carina , Hawlitschek Anja , Hajji Rahim
Published: May 2022

Hintergrund

Studierende zählen weltweit zu einer vulnerablen Gruppe, welche überdurchschnittlich zu depressiven Störungen neigt. Empirische Untersuchungen zeigen auch, dass depressive Stimmungen unter Studierenden deutlich zugenommen haben, während der COVID-19-Pandemie („coronavirus disease 2019“).

Fragestellung

Das Ziel des Artikels ist zu untersuchen, ob die pandemiebedingten Belastungserfahrungen im Zusammenhang mit der depressiven Stimmung der Studierenden stehen. Darüber hinaus wird analysiert, ob Resilienz, Coping und soziale Unterstützung als Ressourcen mit den depressiven Stimmungen von Studierenden assoziiert sind. Dabei soll geklärt werden, welche Ressourcen den Zusammenhang zwischen den pandemiebedingten Belastungserfahrungen und der depressiven Stimmung von Studierenden als Mediatoren erklären können.

Methodik

Die Studie beruht auf einer Online-Befragung von Studierenden der Hochschule Magdeburg-Stendal zum Wintersemester 2020/2021. Insgesamt sind die Daten von 621 Studierenden ausgewertet worden. Zur Beantwortung der Fragestellung wurde eine Mediationsanalyse durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse

Die pandemiebedingten Belastungserfahrungen stehen in einem signifikanten Zusammenhang mit den depressiven Stimmungen von Studierenden. Die Resilienz stellt ebenfalls einen signifikanten Einflussfaktor zu den depressiven Stimmungen dar und mediiert partiell den Einfluss von den pandemiebedingten Belastungserfahrungen auf die depressive Stimmung von den Studierenden. Coping und soziale Unterstützung weisen keinen signifikanten Zusammenhang zu der depressiven Stimmung der Studierenden auf.

Schlussfolgerungen

Ansatzpunkte zur Reduzierung der depressiven Stimmung liegen in der Minderung der pandemiebedingten Belastungen und in der Stärkung der Resilienz der Studierenden.
Pearlite Spheroidisation and Microstructure Refinement Through Heavy Warm Deformation of Hot Rolled 55VNb Microalloyed Steel
Authors: Montaña Y. , Idoyaga Z. , Gutiérrez I. , Iza-Mendia A.
Published: May 2022

The microstructure evolution of 55VNb microalloyed steel during warm deformation via single pass uniaxial compression was researched, and the effect of deformation conditions on dynamic spheroidisation of cementite lamellae and ferrite conditioning for a range of deformation temperatures (600 °C to 700 °C) and strain rates (1 to 10 s−1) analysed. Cementite lamellae appear to subdivide irrespective of deformation temperature with the ferrite phase penetrating the pattern formed by the cementite crystallites, in turn confirming that the dissolution of this phase during deformation is an important mechanism leading to the break-up of plates and subsequent globulisation. EBSD measurements allowed orientation gradients leading to the final subdivision of the cementite to be determined. Ferrite softening during heavy warm deformation is attributed to dynamic recovery and continuous dynamic recrystallisation, although the evolution of this phase depends, to a great extent, on the region subject to study, as confirmed by local EBSD studies. Misorientation profiles obtained in different regions of ferrite and pearlite enabled the different stages of the microstructural evolution to be monitored for each phase, this being developed via a variety of mechanisms under the same deformation conditions. Finally, the increase in low angle boundary density correlates with the Zenner–Hollomon parameter, and a linear relation between the density of low angle boundaries and steady-state stress estimated for pearlite and ferrite was found, indicating that new boundaries would have been formed dynamically during deformation. High angle boundary density also increases with deformation, although this is almost irrespective of the temperature and strain rate applied.
Entire Solutions of Linear Systems of Moment Differential Equations and Related Asymptotic Growth at Infinity
Authors: Lastra A.
Published: May 2022

The general entire solution to a linear system of moment differential equations is obtained in terms of a moment kernel function for generalized summability, and the Jordan decomposition of the matrix defining the problem. The growth at infinity of any solution of the system is also determined, both globally and also following rays to infinity, determining the order and type of such solutions.
The evolution of mining employment during the resource boom and bust cycle in Australia
Authors: Foo Nam , Salim Ruhul
Published: May 2022

Mining employment in Australia can be cyclical and volatile. Since the gold rush in the 1850s, Australia has experienced two major mining booms. The first was in the 1970s and the second (i.e., the mineral boom) was in the mid-2000s and so it is important to have a discussion about trends in the Australian mining industry and about employment during mining cycles. This study employs Australian mining industry data to investigate sectoral labor mobility (moving from one industry to another) when the business cycles have changed. This research has used quarterly data from 1950q1 to 2018q4 for several industries such as mining, the building and construction industry, rental, hiring and real estate services, transport, postal and warehousing, agriculture, forestry and fishing, and manufacturing to conduct an empirical analysis. The findings of this study provide evidence that the sectoral shift of mining employment in Australia’s mineral and resource industry is highly correlated and dependent on the world economic circumstances. What happens in the world economies has an important bearing on how shocks are transmitted to the Australian mining industry and other sectors. The study also shows that displaced mining workers move around from one industry to another. In particular, the building and construction, agricultural, fishing and forestry, manufacturing, and real estate industries are found to be highly affected by the movement of labor.
Sustainable reclamation practices for a large surface coal mine in shortgrass prairie, semiarid environment (Wyoming, USA): case study
Authors: Krzyszowska Waitkus Anna
Published: May 2022

Sustainable reclamation practices for large surface coal mines in USA semiarid environment contribute to the quality of the environmental on a long term basis where environmental resources are protected for future generation. Land, after reclamation, must be suitable for the previous use of greatest economic or social values to the community area. In the semiarid climate of USA, non-developed land is mainly utilized for crops, grazing, and wildlife. Completion of various stages of the reclamation processes includes verification and approval of reclamation criteria and performance standards created by state agencies. The sustainable reclamation practices were investigated at the USA’s largest surface coal mine of the semiarid environment in Wyoming. These practices include building post-mining topography to the approximate original contour and reestablish a stable hydrologic system to drain surface water. All available spoil material is backfilled and graded to achieve the post-mining topography which closely resembles the pre-mining topography. No overburden material or other coal waste material is left in stockpiles at the mine. Detailed planning until the end of mining, the knowledge of available volumes of suitable backfill material and soil is necessary for sustainable management practices. Diverse and permanent vegetation capable of stabilizing soil surfaces and capable of self-regeneration is established. Sustainable management of the reclamation effort is achieved by enforcement processes developed by the state and federal agencies. Monthly inspections of mining and reclamation operations and reviews of annual reports submitted by the operator help determine if the reclamation processes are occurring according to the permit plan.
Vision for Improving Pregnancy Health: Innovation and the Future of Pregnancy Research
Authors: Roberts James M. , Heider Dominik , Bergman Lina , Thornburg Kent L.
Published: May 2022

Understanding, predicting, and preventing pregnancy disorders have been a major research target. Nonetheless, the lack of progress is illustrated by research results related to preeclampsia and other hypertensive pregnancy disorders. These remain a major cause of maternal and infant mortality worldwide. There is a general consensus that the rate of progress toward understanding pregnancy disorders lags behind progress in other aspects of human health. In this presentation, we advance an explanation for this failure and suggest solutions. We propose that progress has been impeded by narrowly focused research training and limited imagination and innovation, resulting in the failure to think beyond conventional research approaches and analytical strategies. Investigations have been largely limited to hypothesis-generating approaches constrained by attempts to force poorly defined complex disorders into a single “unifying” hypothesis. Future progress could be accelerated by rethinking this approach. We advise taking advantage of innovative approaches that will generate new research strategies for investigating pregnancy abnormalities. Studies should begin before conception, assessing pregnancy longitudinally, before, during, and after pregnancy. Pregnancy disorders should be defined by pathophysiology rather than phenotype, and state of the art agnostic assessment of data should be adopted to generate new ideas. Taking advantage of new approaches mandates emphasizing innovation, inclusion of large datasets, and use of state of the art experimental and analytical techniques. A revolution in understanding pregnancy-associated disorders will depend on networks of scientists who are driven by an intense biological curiosity, a team spirit, and the tools to make new discoveries.
The Impact of Culture Medium on Morphokinetics of Cleavage Stage Embryos: An Observational Study
Authors: van Duijn Linette , Rousian Melek , Kramer Charlotte S. , van Marion Eva S. , Willemsen Sten P. , Speksnijder Jeroen P. , Laven Joop S. E. , Steegers-Theunissen Régine P. M. , Baart Esther B.
Published: May 2022

To study the impact of culture media on preimplantation morphokinetics used for predicting clinical outcomes. All IVF and ICSI cycles performed between 2012 and 2017 with time-lapse information available were included. In November 2014, culture medium was changed from Vitrolife G-1 PLUS to SAGE 1-Step. Each embryo was retrospectively assigned a morphokinetic-based KIDScore for prediction of implantation. Clinical outcomes were retrieved from medical records. Linear mixed models were used to study differences in morphokinetic parameters, a proportional odds model for KIDScore ranking and logistic regression for differences in clinical outcomes. All analyses were adjusted for patient and treatment characteristics. In 253 (63.1%) cycles, embryos (n = 671) were cultured in Vitrolife, and in 148 (36.9%) cycles, embryos (n = 517) were cultured in SAGE. All cleavage divisions occurred earlier for SAGE embryos than for Vitrolife embryos (2-cell: -2.28 (95%CI: -3.66, -0.89), 3-cell: -2.34 (95%CI: -4.00, -0.64), 4-cell: -2.41 (95%CI: -4.11, -0.71), 5-cell: -2.54 (95%CI: -4.90, -0.18), 6-cell: -3.58 (95%CI: -6.08, -1.08), 7-cell: -5.62 (95%CI: -8.80, -2.45) and 8-cell: -5.32 (95%CI: -9.21, -1.42) hours, respectively). Significantly more embryos cultured in SAGE classified for the highest KIDScore compared to embryos cultured in Vitrolife (p < 0.001). No differences were observed in clinical outcomes. Our results demonstrate an impact of culture medium on preimplantation embryo developmental kinetics, which affects classification within the KIDScore algorithm, while pregnancy outcomes were comparable between the groups. This study underscores the need to include the type of culture medium in the development of morphokinetic-based embryo selection tools.
086 Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to Increase Compliance to Intracavernosal Injection Use (ICI) Following Radical Prostatectomy (RP): Preliminary Results from a Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Nelson CJ , Tutino R , Joshi N , Schofield E , Mulhall JP
Published: May 2022

Introduction

ICI is the cornerstone of many erectile rehabilitation programs (ERP). However, compliance with ICI is historically low. This study tests a novel psychological intervention based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) concepts to help men reduce avoidance to ICI and commit to an ERP.

Methods

This ongoing study recruits men starting in our ERP. The recruitment goal is N=220. Subjects are randomized to ERP+ACT or ERP+Enhanced Monitoring and Education (EME). ERP+ACT receive ERP plus 3 ACT Sessions (30-45min) and 10 ACT Booster Sessions (10min). ERP+EME receive ERP plus 3 EME Sessions (30-45min) and 10 EME Booster Sessions (10min) delivered by a nurse practitioner who monitors ICI use, answers questions, and provides education. The interventions are delivered over a year. Eligibility includes: within 9m post RP; functional pre-RP erections (≥6/10). Subjects are assessed at entry and every 6m for two years. The primary outcomes are number of penile injections/week (verified by syringe count), and compliance (defined as ≥2 injections/week). Secondary outcomes are: ED treatment satisfaction, sexual self-esteem and relationship quality, sexual bother, prostate cancer treatment regret, the psychological impact of cancer, and depressive symptoms. Preliminary 6m data is presented. Groups are compared with ANCOVA. Since these are preliminary analyses, if differences were not statistically significant, effect sizes (d) are reported (d=0.2, small effect; d=0.5, medium effect; d=0.8, large effect).

Results

To date, 120 subjects have been randomized; 62 have completed the 6m assessment (ACT n=33, EME n=29). The mean age was 60±7 years and 81% were married. The mean erectile function grade pre-RP was 8.9±1 (0-10 scale). At 6m, the ACT group utilized more injections/week vs. the EM group (median: 2.06 vs. 1.17, p=0.01) and were more compliant with ICI vs. the EM group (70% vs. 45%, p=0.05, RR=1.55). The ACT group reported greater: satisfaction with ED treatment (d=0.6) and overall sexual relationship (d=0.2). The ACT group also reported lower: sexual bother (d=0.2), prostate cancer treatment regret (d=0.3), negative psychological impact of cancer (d=0.3), and depressive symptoms (d=0.2).

Conclusion

Preliminary analysis suggests ACT significantly increases ICI use. Data also indicate ACT helps increase men's satisfaction with injections and sexual relationship, while reducing sexual bother, prostate cancer treatment regret, the psychological impact of cancer, and depressive symptoms.

Source of funding

National Institutes of Health: R01 CA 190636

Disclosure

Work supported by industry: no.
172 Comparing Patient Satisfaction in Penile Prosthesis Surgery after Radical Prostatectomy Versus the General Population.
Authors: Howell S. , Palasi S. , Green T. , Kannady C. , Slaughter K. , Wang R. , Yang B.
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Penile prosthesis surgery (PPS) is currently a widely used treatment option for ED. Men who receive PPS following radical prostatectomy (RP) are generally satisfied with the outcome.

Objective

This study seeks to examine patient satisfaction with PPS and to determine if a difference in satisfaction exists in post-prostatectomy ED patients versus the general population. We hypothesize that the etiology of ED does not affect patient satisfaction following PPS.

Methods

164 patients who received PPS at our institution from August 2017 to December 2019 were given a validated 14 item questionnaire, Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS), to assess their satisfaction with PPS. 102 patients responded at 6 months following surgery and were enrolled in this study. These patients’ charts were retrospectively reviewed for demographic information and information regarding the etiology of their ED. Patients were then assigned to one of two groups: patients with post-prostatectomy ED (study) and all other etiologies (control). We found no significant difference in age or race between the two groups. Patients in the study group were further assigned to a subgroup based on the specific procedure they had received: radical prostatectomy (RP) or radical cystoprostatectomy (RCP).

Results

Responses to three questions were analyzed: overall satisfaction, whether the procedure met expectations in the past four weeks, and confidence in ability to participate in sexual activity. Chi-square analysis was performed to determine the difference in the distribution of response rates. There was no difference in reported overall satisfaction (p=0.96), expectations (p=0.78), or confidence (p=0.78) between post-prostatectomy patients and all other etiologies of ED. On subgroup analysis, there was no difference in reported overall satisfaction (p=0.47) or confidence (p=0.080) between patients with RP compared to patients with RCP. RP and RCP patients differed in whether the PPS met expectations (p=0.033). ‘RP patients reported a mean of 3.5/4 compared to CRP patients who reported an average value of 3.0/4.

Conclusions

Our analysis suggests that the distribution of responses to the EDITS questionnaire are not significantly different between patients whose etiology of ED is post-prostatectomy compared to all other etiologies. Overall satisfaction, whether the treatment meets expectations, and confidence in the ability to participate in sexual relations are not significantly different between these patients.

Disclosure

Work supported by industry: no.
188 Improvement of Erectile Dysfunction in Germ Cell Tumor Survivors
Authors: Okada K. , Fujita K. , Fukuhara S. , Imanaka T. , Kuribayashi S. , Sekii Y. , Takezawa K. , Kiuchi H. , Nonomura N.
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are the most common malignant neoplasms in adolescents and young adults, and most patients with these tumors can be completely cured. Therefore, maintaining quality of life (QOL) is important. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is one factor that reduces the QOL of GCT survivors.

Objective

We aimed to clarify the relationship between ED and age, follow-up period, serum levels of hormones, and treatment methods for GCT survivors.

Methods

We evaluated ED using the Sexual Health Inventory for Men questionnaire (SHIM) and measured serum levels of hormones in survivors after GCT treatment. The relationships between the SHIM score responses and age, serum levels of hormones, follow-up period, and treatment methods were assessed using a logistic analysis.

Results

Fifty-two GCT survivors were enrolled and 46 survivors completed the SHIM. The median age, follow-up period, and SHIM score were 38 years, 35 months, and 18, respectively. Regarding the SHIM scores, 85% had scores <22 and 46% had scores <17. The percentage of SHIM scores <17 was 69% in patients with under 2 years of follow-up. It significantly improved to 33% in patients with over 2 years of follow-up. The multivariate analysis identified the follow-up period as an independent factor for SHIM scores <17. Age, serum levels of hormone, and treatment method were not significant factors for SHIM scores <17.

Conclusions

Improvement of SHIM score can be expected after GCT treatment regardless of age, serum levels of hormone, and treatment method.

Disclosure

Work supported by industry: no.
267 Vaginismus: An Overview
Authors: Laskowska A , Gronowski P
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Vaginismus is defined as a penetration disorder in which any form of vaginal penetration is often painful or impossible. It has traditionally been referred to as an involuntary contraction of the pelvic floor muscles due to actual or anticipated pain associated with vaginal penetration. Vaginismus is predominantly unknown among clinicians and women. Vaginismus causes women to feel pain, fear and anxiety with penetration attempts. It is a poorly understood and underdiagnosed condition, for which many women do not gain support. This is due to the lack of knowledge of the condition, for the shame and embarrassment felt by vaginismus sufferers which means many do not discuss the issue.

Objective

Vaginismus is commonly experienced medical issue, affecting about 1-7% of the female population worldwide. Female pain is often viewed not as a medical fact, but as a misimpression or misinterpretation of bodily events. Vaginismus is not the only condition that has been placed in context of neglect. Other sexual pain disorders, such as vestibulodynia, vulvodynia and dyspareunia, have also been met with doubt and disbelief. An examination of the disbelief surrounding female reportage of their own bodily events will not only be beneficial in terms of perception of vaginismus, but also for general women's health.

Methods

This systematic review will provide an assessment of the current state of vaginismus. The following databases has been searched from the study inception to July 2021: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Cochrane Library), PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web Of Science, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, UpToDate, Polish Medical Bibliography and consultations of Polish specialists and discussion forums of patients have been used.

Results

Vaginismus influences the quality of life, in the most serious form it can result in unconsumated marriage, sterility and thus can lead to the separation of a couple. When adequately approached, the problem can mostly be solved.

Conclusions

Vaginismus is a common and significant sexual problem that causes distress and frustration for both partners. There are women for whom vaginismus is a serious problem and who are not able to cope with the situation without professional help of specialists. Deepening the specialists knowledge in this field is essential for successful treatment.

Vaginismus is a well recognized clinical condition associated with non-consummation and considerable distress in women. It has received little scientific attention, and further well designed studies are needed.

Disclosure

Work supported by industry: no.
269 Sexual Dysfunction and Satisfaction in Tunisian Couples During Postpartum: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Abidi I , Bettaieb H , Frikha M , Halouani S , Mbarki W , Boufarguine R , Gabsi H , Oueslati H , Mbarki C
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Female sexual dysfunction is known to have a huge impact on quality of life and is highly prevalent during the postpartum period. Males are afraid of hurting a female and females are afraid of insufficient satisfaction of a male partner. Several influencing variables were found to be associated with impaired sexual function postpartum.

Objective

Our study aims to evaluate sexual satisfaction in the postpartum period and identify predictors of postpartum sexual activity.

Methods

Between November 2018 and December 2019, 150 women in their third trimester of pregnancy were enrolled in a prospective cohort study at gynecology and obstetrics Department-Ben Arous Regional Hospital. after childbirth were evaluated at 6 months postpartum and was assessed using validated self-report questionnaires: Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) validated Arabic version. This questionnaire evaluates the different parameters of female sexual function, recommended by the American Foundation for Health and Sexual Function. The collected data were systematically transcribed into a database and database, and their analysis was carried out with the help of the statistical software "SPSS 21" with the use of chi-square tests, and the ANOVA method.

Results

The mean score on the FSFI satisfaction domain was 3.62 postpartum, compared with 4.38 during pregnancy.

After delivery, 30% of women were not satisfied with their sexual activity.

At six months postpartum, the degree of satisfaction was significantly associated with the route of delivery (p = 0,01), breastfeeding (p = 0,04) and contraception (p =0,03)

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that breastfeeding women, vaginal delivery and contraception have an increased likelihood of sexual functioning problems 6-month postpartum

Health-care providers need to be encouraged to counsel on postpartum sexuality and influencing factors during prenatal classes to foster a positive approach to postpartum sexuality.

Disclosure

Work supported by industry: no.
Is China Responsible for Its Maritime Militia's Internationally Wrongful Acts? The Attribution of the Conduct of a Parastatal Entity to the State
Authors: Yoo Su Jin , Koo Min Gyo
Published: May 2022

China's maritime militia groups have attracted much scholarly attention in recent years. Systematically funded and trained by the Chinese authorities, the militia groups help advance China's maritime claims but risk both intended and unintended physical clashes at sea. Based on the 2001 Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, this study explores the possibility of establishing and recognizing China's state responsibility in relation to the internationally wrongful conduct of its maritime militia. China's maritime militia groups blur the line between fishing boats and naval forces. In essence, they are empowered to perform the critical function of the Chinese government as provided by Chinese internal laws. As shown by emerging evidence, China's maritime militia groups are also instructed, directed, and/or controlled by the Chinese state organs including military authority and party leadership, both central and local. This study finds that the conduct of Chinese maritime militia constitutes the breach of China's international obligations in terms of (1) due regard for other states, (2) maritime safety, (3) marine environment protection and preservation, and/or (4) the overfishing ban.
Objective momentum barriers in wall turbulence
Authors: Aksamit Nikolas O. , Haller George
Published: May 2022

We use the recent frame-indifferent theory of diffusive momentum transport to identify internal barriers in wall-bounded turbulence. Formed by the invariant manifolds of the Laplacian of the velocity field, the barriers block the viscous part of the instantaneous momentum flux in the flow. We employ the level sets of single-trajectory Lagrangian diagnostic tools, the trajectory rotation average and trajectory stretching exponent, to approximate both vortical and internal wall-parallel momentum transport barrier (MTB) interfaces. These interfaces provide frame-indifferent alternatives to classic velocity-gradient-based vortices and high-shear boundaries between uniform momentum zones (UMZs). Indeed, we find that these elliptic manifold approximations and MTBs outperform standard vortices and UMZ interfaces in blocking diffusive momentum transport, which suggests our momentum barriers are physical features that may be the cause of coherence signatures in statistical and non-objective diagnostics. We also introduce normalized trajectory metrics that provide unprecedented visualizations of objective coherent structures by avoiding strong turbulence biases.
Prozessbasierte Psychotherapie
Authors: Svitak Michael , Hofmann Stefan G.
Published: May 2022

Psychische Störungen weisen häufig eine Komplexität und Dynamik auf, die in diagnoseorientierten Behandlungsansätzen vernachlässigt werden. Hier kommt der in diesem Buch vorgestellte prozessbasierte Ansatz ins Spiel. Er geht davon aus, dass psychische Störungen aus einem individuellen Wechselspiel von Kernprozessen auf kognitiver, emotionaler, behavioraler, physiologischer und sozialer Ebene entstehen und aufrechterhalten werden. Eine solche Betrachtung auf Prozessebene ermöglicht ein tieferes Verständnis für die Individualität, Komplexität und Dynamik seelischer Erkrankungen und bietet Ansatzpunkte für die Therapie.
Der erste Teil des Bandes gibt eine fundierte und praxisnahe Einführung in die theoretischen Grundlagen des prozessbasierten Ansatzes. Die Autoren erläutern, wie Wechselwirkungen von individuellen und transdiagnostisch wirksamen Prozessen ein stabiles Netzwerk bilden, welches bei den Betroffenen psychisches Leid verursacht, und zeigen auf, wie solche Zustände überwunden werden können. Im zweiten Teil wird dargestellt, wie sich der prozessbasierte Ansatz in der Praxis umsetzen lässt. Dabei wird u.a. auf die Diagnostik relevanter Prozesse, die Erstellung eines individuellen, prozessbasierten Netzwerkmodells sowie die Auswahl geeigneter evidenzbasierter Interventionen eingegangen. Fallbeispiele veranschaulichen das therapeutische Vorgehen. Der Band liefert wertvolle Anregungen für psychotherapeutische Fachpersonen, die die Therapie mit ihren Klientinnen und Klienten individueller und effektiver gestalten wollen. Die im Buch enthaltenen Arbeitsmaterialien können nach erfolgter Registrierung von der Hogrefe Website heruntergeladen werden.
Degree‐Depth Relation for Planetary Gravity Field Model Based on Wavelength
Authors: Deng Qingyun , Li Fei , Yan Jianguo , Ye Mao , Barriot Jean‐Pierre
Published: May 2022

In this paper we investigate the relation between the spherical harmonic (SH) degree of gravity field model and the corresponding depth of the source body. By investigating the gravity of a buried point mass, we find that a relationship can be found between the horizontal extent of the signal (which we assume to be indicative of the wavelength) and the depth of the source. We introduce a threshold to define the gravity anomaly wavelength of an isolated mass body. The region where the gravity anomaly of an isolated mass body is larger than the threshold defines its gravity anomaly wavelength. For an isolated point mass with fixed total mass, the wavelength is a function of the depth. The ratio between the maximum wavelength and the depth at which the maximum wavelength occurs (effective resolvable depth) is invariant provided that the mass and threshold are determined. When this maximum wavelength is larger than the minimum resolvable wavelength of n‐degree gravity field, this isolated mass body is considered as a reliable density feature. Combining the relation between maximum wavelength and effective resolvable depth of the isolated mass body and the relation between minimum resolvable wavelength and SH degree of gravity field, we derived the degree‐depth relation under the limiting resolvable condition: . This relation was validated with Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory gravity field data at lunar Orientale basin region, and provided insights for the planetary gravity field analysis.
Regional Geophysics of the Caribbean and Northern South America: Implications for Tectonics
Authors: Barrera‐Lopez Carol V. , Mooney Walter D. , Kaban Mikhail K.
Published: May 2022

The Caribbean plate is an enclosed oceanic basin whose formation and evolution are controversial. In the most commonly accepted model, the Caribbean plate is mainly composed of the Caribbean Large Igneous Province (CLIP) and the buoyant characteristic of this oceanic plateau resisted subduction and allowed an eastward migration to its present position north of South America. In this study, we integrate a broad range of geophysical and geomorphological data to define structural elements and present‐day tectonics of the Caribbean plate and the surrounding region. We present a Bouguer gravity anomaly map and a new crustal thickness map that documents large areas of normal‐thickness oceanic crust within the Venezuela and Colombia basins of the Caribbean plate. Selected cross sections of seismicity and P‐wave anomalies from a seismic tomographic model depict the present‐day geometry of subducting oceanic plates within the Caribbean region. We observe that rather than resisting subduction, as expected for the thick crust of a buoyant large igneous province, the subduction of the Caribbean plate can be traced to a depth of 600 km beneath NW South America. This, together with the crustal thickness map, implies that a significant area of the Caribbean plate, including the subducted portion, is composed of normal‐thickness oceanic crust. As proposed by the Pacific origin model, the Caribbean plate likely migrated eastward from the Pacific Ocean as an oceanic plate mostly with normal‐thickness crust and limited portions of the crust thickened by hot spot volcanism (CLIP).
Mean, Annual, and Interannual Circulation and Volume Transport in the Western Tropical North Pacific From the Western Pacific Ocean State Estimates (WPOSE)
Authors: Schönau Martha C. , Rudnick Daniel L. , Gopalakrishnan Ganesh , Cornuelle Bruce D. , Qiu Bo
Published: May 2022

Interannual volume transport anomalies in the far western tropical North Pacific were calculated using the Western Pacific Ocean State Estimates (WPOSE; 2009–2017; 115°E−170°E, 15°S–27°N) to assess the magnitude, phase, and vertical structure of volume transport, and the relationship of interannual transport to the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation phenomena. The mean velocity and thermohaline structure for the WPOSE were verified using Argo climatology and autonomous glider observations. Transport was calculated for both an upper layer (surface‐26 kg m−3) and a lower layer (26–27.3 kg m−3). Annual volume transport anomalies were small north of 8°N but varied by 50% of the mean volume transport between the equator and 8°N. Interannual anomalies exceeded annual anomalies throughout the region. Volume transports of the North Equatorial Current, the Mindanao Current, and the South Equatorial Current/New Guinea Coastal Undercurrent increased beginning in September 2014, leading to a large increase in transport in the North Equatorial Counter Current before the mature phase of El Niño in 2015/2016. The increase in transport was related to the meridional gradient in thermocline depth centered at 5°N at the southern part of the Mindanao Dome, where extreme shoaling of the thermocline took place. Lower‐layer volume transports were not always in phase with those of the upper‐layer and made considerable contributions to total transport variability.
Effects of Lake Nam Co and Surrounding Terrain on Extreme Precipitation Over Nam Co Basin, Tibetan Plateau: A Case Study
Authors: Zhao Zhizhan , Huang Anning , Ma Weiqiang , Wu Yang , Wen Lijuan , Lazhu  , Gu Chunlei
Published: May 2022

Thousands of lakes and complex topography on Tibetan Plateau (TP) have important impacts on the local weather and climate, especially extreme weather events. In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting model was adopted to quantify the impacts of Lake Nam Co (LNC) and surrounding topography on the extreme snowfall event over Nam Co basin on 24 October 2006 based on numerical experiments. The accumulated precipitation of 12 hr in this event is characterized by a maximum precipitation center with an intensity exceeding 20 mm over eastern LNC and downwind regions. Results show that the precipitation regionally averaged over eastern LNC and downstream regions can be reduced by 53%, 26%, and 68% when LNC, surrounding terrain, and both of them are absent, respectively, suggesting that LNC plays a dominant role in the formation of this event while the surrounding mountains further amplify the lake effect precipitation/snow over the downwind of LNC. Mechanism analysis indicates that the low‐level convective instability and water vapor convergence induced by LNC are essential for the formation of this extreme snowfall event, while the wind deflection and topographic lifting further strengthen the precipitation over the downwind of LNC and shift the snow belt distribution. This study is not only important to deepen the understanding of the complex interactions between the lake and orography and their combined influences on regional extreme precipitation, but also helpful for further improving the refined forecasting of the extreme precipitation induced by the lake and surrounding terrain in other regions over TP.
Seasonal Variations of Gravity Wave Induced Thermal and Constituent Diffusivities in the Mesopause Region Above Ft. Collins, CO (40.6°N, 105.1°W)
Authors: Gardner Chester S. , She Chiao‐Yao , Yan Zhao‐Ai
Published: May 2022

Quasi‐random vertical displacement fluctuations, caused by the spectrum of non‐breaking gravity waves, mix the atmosphere, similar to turbulence, which induces significant vertical transport of heat and constituents in the upper atmosphere. Multi‐decade observations of temperature, made between 85 and 100 km with a Na lidar at Colorado State University (CSU, 40.6°N, 105.1°W), are used to derive the seasonal variations of the wave‐induced thermal (KH) and constituent (KWave) diffusivities. Both show strong annual oscillations with maxima in winter, which increase with increasing altitude. KH and KWave exhibit summer minima of ∼40 and ∼70 m2s−1, respectively, that are approximately constant with altitude. In winter, KH varies from ∼50 at 85 to ∼180 m2s−1 at 100 km, while KWave varies from ∼110 at 85 to ∼340 m2s−1 at 100 km. These values are much larger than the eddy diffusivity (Kzz ∼ 35 m2s−1) predicted for this site by the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model. The CSU diffusivities are comparable to similar measurements made at other mid‐latitude mountain sites in both hemispheres, and derived from global observations of atomic O. However, the seasonal variations differ from the O observations, which may reflect differences in wave sources at these sites and the different approaches employed to derive the wave diffusivities. Even so, the CSU results demonstrate that heat and constituent transport by unresolved, non‐breaking gravity waves are important processes that need to be incorporated in global chemistry models to properly characterize the thermal and constituent structure of the upper atmosphere.
Marine Ecosystem Changepoints Spread Under Ocean Warming in an Earth System Model
Authors: Cael B. B. , Begouen Demeaux Charlotte , Henson Stephanie , Stock Charles A. , Taboada Fernando González , John Jasmin G. , Barton Andrew D.
Published: May 2022

Sudden shifts in marine plankton communities in response to environmental changes are of special concern because of their low predictability and high potential impacts on ocean ecosystems. We explored how anthropogenic climate change influences the spatial extent and frequency of changepoints in plankton populations by comparing the behavior of a plankton community in a coupled Earth system model under pre‐industrial, historical 20th century, and projected 21st century forcing. The ocean areas where surface ocean temperature, nutrient concentrations, and different plankton types exhibited changepoints expanded over time. In contrast, regional hotspots where changepoints occur frequently largely disappeared. Heterotrophy and larger organism sizes were associated with more changepoints. In the pre‐industrial and 20th century, plankton changepoints were associated with shifts in physical fronts, and more often with changepoints for iron and silicate than for nitrate and phosphate. In the 21st century, climate change disrupts these interannual‐variability‐driven changepoint patterns. Together, our results suggest anthropogenic climate change may drive less frequent but more widespread changepoints simultaneously affecting several components of pelagic food webs.
Modelling M(3000)F2 at an African Equatorial Location for Better IRI‐Model Prediction
Authors: Adebesin B. O. , Adeniyi J. O. , Afolabi P. A. , Ikubanni S. O. , Adebiyi S. J.
Published: May 2022

The F2‐layer propagation factor M(3000)F2 is important to ionospheric studies owning to its use in high High frequency radio communication/ionospheric modeling. This study focused on reducing the shortcomings in the use of M(3000)F2 IRI‐model for obtaining hmF2, especially in the African equatorial region, by obtaining an empirical “constructed model” (M(3000)F2CM) using the Korhogo (geomag. lat. 1.26°S, long. 67.38°E, dip. −0.67°S) data (M(3000)F2KOR). The data spans 8 years (1993–2000) under magnetically quiet conditions (Ap < 20 nT). The Regression method technique was used in obtaining the M(3000)F2CM. The regression coefficient (R2) for the M(3000)F2KOR versus F10.7 relationship was stronger during the solstices. The associated diurnal equations obtained for all seasons from the regression plot of the M(3000)F2KOR‐F10.7 relationship were used to obtained the constructed model equation given by M(3000)F2CM(m)i = ai(m) ∗ (F10.7) + bi(m), which allows the prediction of diurnal, seasonal and solar cycle variation of the M(3000)F2 parameter. M(3000)F2CM predicted well when tested at different solar activities. Generally, M(3000)F2CM performed reasonably well in comparison with the IRI model (M(3000)F2IRI) when validated with Ouagadougou (lat. 0.59°S, long. 71.46°E) observed data ‐ M(3000)F2OUA. The percentage deviation of M(3000)F2CM versus M(3000)F2OUA during high solar activity and low solar activity ranges from −10.8–5.3/−7.6–15.8 for solstices/equinoxes; whereas percentage deviation of M(3000)F2IRI versus M(3000)F2OUA spans −15.5–9.2 and −9.7–17.7 in similar order of seasons. The characteristic diurnal post‐sunset drop in M(3000)F2, a prominent feature of the equatorial ionosphere is well captured by the empirical model. These results suggest that the new model has a measure of potential for its use in the equatorial African region.
A Two‐Part Model for Wave‐Sea Ice Interaction: Attenuation and Break‐Up
Authors: Kousal J. , Voermans J. J. , Liu Q. , Heil P. , Babanin A. V.
Published: May 2022

Waves and sea ice form a closely coupled system: waves govern sea ice through stress, floe break‐up, and wave‐induced currents, while sea ice affects waves through attenuation and reflection. Wave‐induced sea ice break‐up is particularly important as it can regulate air‐sea interaction and consequently also regulate the growth and melt of sea ice. This coupled nature is complex and generally, especially at the large scale, neglected in modeling of the polar climate system. Here, we explore a novel way of coupling through wave‐induced ice break‐up, and conduct a case study for the Antarctic summer of 2019/2020. Our modeling approach builds upon previous investigations as follows: (a) sea ice takes a binary form, either “broken” or ”unbroken,” (b) waves may break sea ice, transitioning it from unbroken to broken, (c) a threshold separating breaking and nonbreaking wave fields is used to identify when this occurs, (c) two modes of attenuation for waves in ice (dependent upon the ice state), representing the observed on/off switch in wave attenuation. By characterizing wave attenuation and sea ice break‐up as described above, we achieve two‐way wave‐sea ice coupling, thereby allowing wave‐sea ice feedbacks. This model is limited to the ice‐melt season as refreeze is not represented here. We demonstrate that our model can simulate both the wavefield in and the evolution of the Marginal Ice Zone. Our results show the validity of empirically derived wave‐induced sea ice break‐up threshold, and substantiate that waves have a critical influence on the morphology of the Marginal Ice Zone.
Wnt/beta-catenin signaling confers ferroptosis resistance by targeting GPX4 in gastric cancer
Authors: Wang Yue , Zheng Lixin , Shang Wenjing , Yang Zongcheng , Li Tongyu , Liu Fen , Shao Wei , Lv Lin , Chai Li , Qu Lingxin , Xu Qing , Du Jie , Liang Xiuming , Zeng Jiping , Jia Jihui
Published: May 2022

The development of chemotherapy resistance is the most vital obstacle to clinical efficacy in gastric cancer (GC). The dysregulation of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway is critically associated with GC development and chemotherapy resistance. Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death, induced by an iron-dependent accumulation of lipid peroxides during chemotherapy. However, whether the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling directly controls resistance to cell death, remains unclear. Here, we show that the activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling attenuates cellular lipid ROS production and subsequently inhibits ferroptosis in GC cells. The beta-catenin/TCF4 transcription complex directly binds to the promoter region of GPX4 and induces its expression, resulting in the suppression of ferroptotic cell death. Concordantly, TCF4 deficiency promotes cisplatin-induced ferroptosis in vitro and in vivo. Thus, we demonstrate that the aberrant activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling confers ferroptosis resistance and suggests a potential therapeutic strategy to enhance chemo-sensitivity for advanced GC patients.
Characterisation of a novel OPA1 splice variant resulting in cryptic splice site activation and mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Harvey Joshua Paul , Yu-Wai-Man Patrick , Cheetham Michael Edward
Published: May 2022

Autosomal dominant optic atrophy (DOA) is an inherited optic neuropathy that results in progressive, bilateral visual acuity loss and field defects. OPA1 is the causative gene in around 60% of cases of DOA. The majority of patients have a pure ocular phenotype, but 20% have extra-ocular features (DOA +). We report on a patient with DOA + manifesting as bilateral optic atrophy, spastic paraparesis, urinary incontinence and white matter changes in the central nervous system associated with a novel heterozygous splice variant NM_015560.2(OPA1):c.2356-1 G > T. Further characterisation, which was performed using fibroblasts obtained from a skin biopsy, demonstrated that this variant altered mRNA splicing of the OPA1 transcript, specifically a 21 base pair deletion at the start of exon 24, NM_015560.2(OPA1):p.Cys786_Lys792del. The majority of variant transcripts were shown to escape nonsense-mediated decay and modelling of the predicted protein structure suggests that the in-frame 7 amino acid deletion may affect OPA1 oligomerisation. Fibroblasts carrying the c.2356-1 G > T variant demonstrated impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics, membrane potential, increased cell death, and disrupted and fragmented mitochondrial networks in comparison to WT cells. This study suggests that the c.2356-1 G > T OPA1 splice site variant leads to a cryptic splice site activation and may manifest in a dominant-negative manner, which could account for the patient’s severe syndromic phenotype.
Structural complexity in ramp-compressed sodium to 480 GPa
Authors: Polsin Danae N. , Lazicki Amy , Gong Xuchen , Burns Stephen J. , Coppari Federica , Hansen Linda E. , Henderson Brian J. , Huff Margaret F. , McMahon Malcolm I. , Millot Marius , Paul Reetam , Smith Raymond F. , Eggert Jon H. , Collins Gilbert W. , Rygg J. Ryan
Published: May 2022

The properties of all materials at one atmosphere of pressure are controlled by the configurations of their valence electrons. At extreme pressures, neighboring atoms approach so close that core-electron orbitals overlap, and theory predicts the emergence of unusual quantum behavior. We ramp-compress monovalent elemental sodium, a prototypical metal at ambient conditions, to nearly 500 GPa (5 million atmospheres). The 7-fold increase of density brings the interatomic distance to 1.74 Å well within the initial 2.03 Å of the Na+ ionic diameter, and squeezes the valence electrons into the interstitial voids suggesting the formation of an electride phase. The laser-driven compression results in pressure-driven melting and recrystallization in a billionth of a second. In situ x-ray diffraction reveals a series of unexpected phase transitions upon recrystallization, and optical reflectivity measurements show a precipitous decrease throughout the liquid and solid phases, where the liquid is predicted to have electronic localization. These data reveal the presence of a rich, temperature-driven polymorphism where core electron overlap is thought to stabilize the formation of peculiar electride states.