bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolomic, microbiome and transcriptomic study of crofelemer or loperamide in rat model of afatinib-induced intestine epithelial damage and diarrhea
Authors: Wang Zheng , Guo Qiongya , Li Wenting , Fu Lin , Li Xiaofang , Hu Shanshan , Li Xiuling
Published: May 2024

Diarrhea is the most prevalent side effect of afatinib as an EGFR
tyrosine kinase inhibitor. The current study is to investigate the
potential protective mechanisms of crofelemer or loperamide in an animal
model of afatinib-induced diarrhea. Rats were randomized as the control,
afatinib (50 mg/kg), afatinib plus loperamide (50 mg/kg) or afatinib
plus crofelemer (50 mg/kg) group. Rats received drugs or saline through
oral gavage daily for consecutive 7 days. Diarrhea, weight, serum
biomarkers, gut histology or ultrastructure and multiomic changes were
analyzed daily or at day 8. Afatinib induced significant diarrhea,
weight loss, elevated serum levels of endotoxin, IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α
in rats. Mucosal damage was most prominent in distal ileum, showing
edema, inflammatory infiltration, epithelial villus atrophy or fusion
and loss of tight junction. Both loperamide and crofelemer conferred
protection against afatinib-induced diarrhea and gut damage.
Transcriptomic enrichment analysis showed that PPAR and IL-17 signaling
pathway are among the top modified pathways in the ileum and colon of
the afatinib group, respectively. Metabolomic profiling identified 318
differently abundant metabolites when comparing the afatinib and the
control groups, with the most prominent enriched metabolic pathways
being metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, retinol metabolism
and lysine degradation. Afatinib significantly decreased microbial
diversity, which is not fully restored by administration of crofelemer
or loperamide. Correlation analysis showed that cecal microbiota were
significantly correlated with metabolite profiles. Loperamide and
crofelemer attenuate afatinib-induced diarrhea and intestinal damage in
rats, possibly through regulating microbiota-metabolic axis.
Insights into degradation and targeting of the photoreceptor channelrhodopsin-1
Authors: Kreimer Georg , Wolfram Michaela , Greif Arne , Baidukova Olga , Voll Hildegard , Tauber Sandra , Lindacher Jana , Hegemann Peter
Published: May 2024

In Chlamydomonas, the directly light-gated, plasma
membrane-localized (PM) cation channels channelrhodopsins ChR1 and ChR2
are the primary photoreceptors for phototaxis. Their targeting and
abundance is essential for optimal movement responses. However, our
knowledge how Chlamydomonas achieves this is still at its
infancy. Here we show that ChR1 internalization occurs via
light-stimulated endocytosis. Prior or during endocytosis ChR1 is
modified and forms high molecular mass complexes. These are the solely
detectable ChR1 forms in extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their
abundance therein dynamically changes upon illumination. The
ChR1-containing EVs are secreted via the PM and/or the ciliary base. In
line with this, ciliogenesis mutants exhibit increased ChR1 degradation
rates. Further, we establish involvement of two cysteine proteases in
its turnover: CEP1, a papain-type C1A member, and a calpain. ΔCEP1
knock-out strains lack light-induced ChR1 degradation, whereas ChR2
degradation was unaffected. Low light stimulates CEP1 expression, which
is regulated via phototropin, a SPA1 E3 ubiquitin ligase and cAMP.
Further, mutant and inhibitor analyses revealed involvement of the small
GTPase ARL11 and SUMOylation in ChR1 targeting to the eyespot and cilia.
Our study thus defines the degradation pathway of this central
photoreceptor of Chlamydomonas and identifies novel elements
involved in its homeostasis and targeting.
Quantum Communications for Image Transmission over Error Prone Channels
Authors: Jayasinghe Udara , Samarathunga Prabhath , Ganearachchi Yasith , Fernando Thanuj , Fernando Prof. Anil
Published: May 2024

Introductions of quantum communications, enabled by advancements in
quantum computing, is expected to play a significant role in the field
of communications. Inherent properties of quantum objects, such as
superposition and entanglement have the potential to provide novel
solutions to overcome the challenges encountered by classical
communication systems in bandwidth-intensive applications such as media
transmission. This research explores the performance of a quantum
communication system in image transmission using quantum superposition
and investigates its performance using a simple quantum channel model.
With increase of channel noise, there are significant gains in the rate
distortion performance of images transmitted over the quantum channel,
compared to an ideal classical channel. This novel attempt in
constructing a quantum communication-based image transmission system
indicates the potential of the approach to be applied to satisfy the
ever-increasing demands of high-quality media transmission applications.
How automated techniques ease functional assessment of the fetal heart: applicability of two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography for comprehensive analysis of global and segmental cardiac deformation using fetalHQ®
Authors: Scharf Jann Lennard , Dracopoulos Christoph , Gembicki Michael , Rody Achim , Welp Amrei , Weichert Jan
Published: May 2024

Background Prenatal echocardiographic assessment of fetal
cardiac function has become increasingly important. Fetal
two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) allows the
determination of global and segmental functional cardiac parameters.
Prenatal diagnostics is relying increasingly on artificial intelligence,
whose algorithms transform the way clinicians use ultrasound in their
daily workflow. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the
feasibility of whether less experienced operators can handle and might
benefit from an automated tool of 2D-STE in the clinical routine.
Methods A total of 136 unselected, normal, singleton, second-
and third-trimester fetuses with normofrequent heart rates were examined
by targeted ultrasound. 2D-STE was performed separately by beginner and
expert semiautomatically using a GE Voluson E10 (FetalHQ®, GE
Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA). Several fetal cardiac parameters were
calculated (end-diastolic diameter (ED), sphericity index (SI), global
longitudinal strain (EndoGLS), fractional shortening (FS)) and assigned
to gestational age (GA). Bland-Altman plots were used to test agreement
between both operators. Results The mean maternal age was 33
years, and the mean maternal body mass index prior to pregnancy was
24.78 kg/m . The GA ranged from 16.4 to 32.0 weeks
(average 22.9 weeks). Averaged endoGLS value of the beginner was -18.57
% ± 6.59 percentage points (pp) for the right and -19.58 % ± 5.63 pp
for the left ventricle, that of the expert -14.33 % ± 4.88 pp and
-16.37 % ± 5.42 pp. With increasing GA, right ventricular endoGLS
decreased slightly while the left ventricular were almost constant. The
statistical analysis for endoGLS showed a Bland-Altman-Bias of -4.24 pp
± 8.06 pp for the right and -3.21 pp ± 7.11 pp for the left ventricle.
The Bland-Altman-Bias of the ED in both ventricles in all analyzed
segments ranged from -0.49 mm ± 1.54 mm to -0.10 mm ± 1.28 mm, that for
FS from -0.33 pp ± 11.82 pp to 3.91 pp ± 15.56 pp and that for SI from
-0.38 ± 0.68 to -0.15 ± 0.45. Conclusions Between both
operators, our data indicated that 2D-STE analysis showed excellent
agreement for cardiac morphometry parameters (ED and SI), and good
agreement for cardiac function parameters (EndoGLS and FS). Due to its
complexity, the application of fetal 2D-STE remains the domain of
scientific-academic perinatal ultrasound and should be placed preferably
in the hands of skilled operators. At present, from our perspective, an
implementation into clinical practice ‘on-the-fly’ cannot be
recommended.
Density dependence shapes life-history trade-offs in a food-limited population
Authors: Jaggi Harman , Zuo Wenyun , Kentie Rosemarie , Gaillard Jean-Michel , Coulson Tim , Tuljapurkar Shripad
Published: May 2024

Quantifying trade-offs within populations is important in life-history
theory. However, most studies focusing on life-history trade-offs focus
on two traits and assume trade-offs to be static. Our work provides a
framework for understanding covariation among multiple traits and how
population density influences the traits. Using detailed
individual-based data for Soay sheep, we find density strongly shapes
life-history trade-offs and distribution of lifetime reproductive
success (LRS). At low density, a trade-off between juvenile survival and
growth structures life-history variation whereas at equilibrium density
(K), trade-off between reproduction and juvenile survival is the major
structuring axes. Contrary to Lomnicki’s prediction, we find the
distribution of LRS is highly constrained at K, with mothers of adult
sizes contributing the most to reproduction. Our results offer insights
into how high density limits diversity of individual life-histories,
advance an understanding of dynamic nature of trade-offs and have
implications for evolution via density-dependent selection.
Leaf-shelters facilitate the colonization of arthropods and enhance microbial diversity on plants
Authors: Santos Danilo Ferreira Borges dos , Herschberger Jacob , Subedi Bijay , Pocius Victoria , Neely Wesley , Becker Gui , Romero Gustavo , Kersch-Becker Monica
Published: May 2024

Shelter-building insects are important ecosystem engineers, playing
critical roles in structuring arthropod communities. Nonetheless, the
influence of leaf shelters and arthropods on plant-associated microbiota
remains largely unexplored. Arthropods that visit or inhabit plants can
contribute to the leaf microbial community, resulting in significant
changes in plant-microbe interactions. By artificially constructing leaf
shelters, we provide evidence that shelter-building insects influence
not only the arthropod community structure but also impact the
phyllosphere microbiota. Leaf shelters exhibited higher abundance and
richness of arthropods, leading to changes in the associated arthropod
community composition. These shelters also altered the composition and
community structure of phyllosphere microbiota, promoting greater
richness and diversity of bacteria at the phyllosphere. In leaf
shelters, microbial diversity increased with the richness and diversity
of herbivores. These findings demonstrate the critical role of leaf
shelters in structuring arthropod communities by facilitating
colonization and influencing microbial communities through altered
microhabitats and community interactions.
Long term noninvasive ventilation in children with OSA-I and OSA-II
Authors: Fauroux Brigitte , Tommesani Chiara , Khirani Sonia , AMADDEO Alessandro , Massenavette Bruno , Bierme Priscille , Taytard Jessica , STREMLER-LEBEL Nathalie , Baravalle-Einaudi Melisande , Mazenq Julie , Ioan Iulia , Schweitzer Cyril , Lampin Marie-Emilie , Binoche Alexandra , Mordacq Clémence , Bergounioux Jean , Mbieleu Blaise , Rubinsztajn Robert , sigur elodie , Labouret Geraldine , Genevois Aline , Becourt Arnaud , Hullo E. , PIN ISABELLE , debelleix stephane , Galodé François , Bui Stéphanie , Moreau Johan , renoux marie catherine , Matecki Stefan , Lavadera Marc Lubrano , Heyman Rachel , Pomedio Michael , Viala Laurence Le Clainche , Bokov Plamen , Masson Alexandra , Hangard Pauline , Menetrey Céline , Jokic Mikael , Gachelin Elsa , Perisson Caroline , Pervillé Anne , Fina Agnès , GIOVANNINI-CHAMI L. , Fleurence Emmanuelle , Barzic Audrey , Breining Audrey , Ollivier Morgane , Labbé Guillaume , Coutier Laurianne , Aubertin Guillaume
Published: May 2024

Objective The aim of the study was to describe the
characteristics of otherwise healthy children with obstructive sleep
apnea (OSA; OSA-I) and children with OSA and obesity (OSA-II) treated
with long term continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or noninvasive
ventilation (NIV) in 2019 in France. Design National
cross-sectional survey. Patients Children with OSA-I and OSA-II.
Main outcome measures Initiation criteria, age, adherence,
equipment and settings Results Patients with OSA-I and OSA-II
represented 6% (n=84, 71% males) and 10% (n=144, 72% males) of the
national cohort, respectively. The apnea-hypopnea index (63% vs 76%),
alone or combined with nocturnal gas exchange (25% vs 21%, for OSA-II
and OSA-I patients respectively) were used as initiation criteria of
CPAP/NIV. OSA-II patients were older at CPAP/NIV initiation (mean age
11.0±4.0 vs 6.8±4.5 years, p<0.001) and were treated for a
longer time (2.3±2.6 vs 1.3±1.5 years, p=0.008) than OSA-I patients. NIV
was used in 6% of OSA-I patients and 13% of OSA-II patients (p=0.142).
Nasal mask was the most used interface in both groups. Mean CPAP level
was higher in OSA-II patients as compared to OSA-I patients (8.7±2.0 vs
7.7±2.4 cmH O, p=0.02). Objective compliance was
comparable (mean use 6.8±2.6 vs 5.9±3.0 hours/night in OSA-I and OSA-II,
respectively, p=0.054). Conclusion Six and 10% of children
treated with long term CPAP/NIV in France in 2019 had OSA-I and OSA-II,
respectively. Both groups were preferentially treated with CPAP and were
comparable except for age, with OSA-II patients being older.
Exploring implementation of intrapartum trial evidence: a qualitative study with clinicians and clinical academics
Authors: Cross-Sudworth Fiona , Dharni Nimarta , Kenyon Sara , Lilford Richard , Taylor Beck
Published: May 2024

Objective: To explore implementation of two intrapartum trials with
compelling findings: BUMPES (position in second stage of labour in
nulliparous women with epidural), and RESPITE (remifentanil intravenous
patient-controlled analgesia). Design: Qualitative interview study.
Setting: UK NHS Trusts and Universities. Sample: Purposively sampled
investigators from RESPITE and BUMPES trials and clinicians providing
intrapartum care: midwives, anaesthetists and obstetricians recruited
using existing networks and snowball sampling. Methods: Semi-structured
virtual interviews. Thematic analysis was underpinned by Capability
Opportunity Motivation Behaviour Change Framework. Results: Twenty-nine
interview participants across 19 maternity units: 11 clinical academics,
10 midwives, 4 obstetricians, 4 anaesthetists. Most (25/29) were aware
of one or both trials. BUMPES had been implemented in 4/19 units (one
original trial site) and RESPITE in 3/19 units (two trial sites). Access
to sufficient resources, training, exposure to interventions, support
from leaders, and post-trial dissemination and implementation activities
all facilitated uptake of interventions. Some clinicians were opposed to
the intervention or disagreed with trial conclusions. However competing
priorities in terms of staff time and a plethora of initiatives in
maternity care, emerged as key barrier to implementation. Conclusions:
Compelling trial findings were not implemented widely, and numerous
barriers and facilitators were identified. Large-scale improvement
programmes and evidence-based national guidelines may mean single trials
have limited potential to change practice. There is a need to examine
how intervention implementation is prioritised to optimise safety
outcomes in the context of workforce restrictions, limited resources and
large arrays of competing priorities including statutory requirements,
that have increased in maternity care.
A Narrative Review on Therapeutic Potential of Naringenin in Colorectal Cancer: Focusing on molecular and biochemical processes
Authors: Zamanian Mohammad Yasin , Golmohammadi Maryam , Abdullaev Bekhzod , García María Olalla , Alazbjee Adeeb Abdulally Abdulhussien , Kumar Abhinav , Mohaamed Sameer S. , Hussien Beneen M. , Khalaj Fattaneh , Hodaei Seyede Mahsa , Shirsalimi Niyousha , Moriasi Gervason
Published: May 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common and highly metastatic cancer
affecting people worldwide. Drug resistance and unwanted side effects
are some of the limitations of current treatments for CRC. Naringenin
(NAR) is a naturally occurring compound found in abundance in various
citrus fruits such as oranges, grapefruits, and tomatoes. It possesses a
diverse range of pharmacological and biological properties that are
beneficial for human health. Numerous studies have highlighted its
antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory activities, making it a
subject of interest in scientific research. This review provides a
comprehensive overview of the effects of NAR on CRC. The study’s
findings indicated that NAR: 1) interacts with estrogen receptors, 2)
regulates the expression of genes related to the p53 signaling pathway,
3) promotes apoptosis by increasing the expression of proapoptotic genes
(Bax, caspase9, and p53) and downregulation of the antiapoptotic gene
Bcl2, 4) inhibits the activity of enzymes involved in cell survival and
proliferation, 5) decreases cyclin D1 levels, 6) reduces the expression
of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk4, Cdk6, Cdk7) and anti-apoptotic genes
(Bcl2, x-IAP, c-IAP-2) in CRC cells. In vitro CDK2 binding assay was
also performed, showing that the NAR derivatives had better inhibitory
activities on CDK2 than NAR. Based on the findings of this study, NAR is
a potential therapeutic agent for CRC. Additional pharmacology and
pharmacokinetics studies are required to fully elucidate the mechanisms
of action of NAR and establish the most suitable dose for subsequent
clinical investigations.
Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome During Induction Chemotherapy in Neuroblastoma, a Rare Phenomenon or Common Congenital Predisposition?
Authors: Davitt Meghan , Offenbacher Rachel , Lee Michelle A. , Loeb David M. , Manwani Deepa , Mitchell William , Weiser Daniel
Published: May 2024

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is an infrequently encountered
complement-mediated thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) usually associated
with germline variants in genes of the complement system. Clinical
findings of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and
acute kidney injury (AKI) with severe hypertension arise due to aberrant
complement protein activation in the circulation and significant
endothelial damage. Transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy has
been increasingly recognized after high dose carboplatin, etoposide, and
melphalan-chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell
rescue for treatment of children with neuroblastoma (NB). We report the
case of a 13-month-old boy with metastatic neuroblastoma who developed
aHUS during the first cycle of induction chemotherapy. Germline testing
revealed a Complement factor H (CFH) gene mutation, Cys357Arg,
which is currently classified as a variant of uncertain significance
(VUS), although likely pathogenic based on molecular modeling as well as
this patient’s clinical presentation. The patient has been successfully
managed with complement blockade therapy with no recurrence of disease.
We review presentations of neuroblastoma with hypertension, along with
AKI and thrombocytopenia, to raise awareness about the potential for
aHUS in patients with newly diagnosed NB.
Cremanthodium dibangii (Asteraceae): a new species of Himalayan sunflower from Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Dkhar Jeremy , Kumar Vikas
Published: May 2024

Based on morphological and molecular evidence, we herein described
Cremanthodium dibangii (Asteraceae) as a new species from India. The
species was found growing in the subalpine meadows of Dibang Valley,
Arunachal Pradesh, India. A Nucleotide Basic Local Alignment Search Tool
(BLASTn) search of the nrDNA ITS region and the plastid trnC-petN
intergenic spacer sequences revealed sequence similarities to C.
stenoglossum Y.Ling & S.W.Liu (98.88 % identity) and C. rhodocephalum
Diels (99.62 % identity), respectively. Further, phylogenetic tree
reconstruction of the ITS placed C. dibangii as sister to C.
stenoglossum and C. campanulatam, while the trnC-petN tree depicted C.
dibangii as a separate clade. Morphologically it is related to C.
thomsonii C.B.Clarke and C. pulchrum R.D.Good in having reniform leaves
and ligulate heads but differs from these in having size of basal leaves
size; number of stem leaves, ray florets and phyllaries; and length of
style. The diagnostic characteristics, affinities with allied taxa and
colored illustration are provided to facilitate easy identification.
YOLOv9 for Fracture Detection in Pediatric Wrist Trauma X-ray Images
Authors: Chien Chun-Tse , Ju Rui-Yang , Chou Kuang-Yi , Chiang Jen-Shiun
Published: May 2024

The introduction of YOLOv9, the latest version of the You Only Look Once
(YOLO) series, has led to its widespread adoption across various
scenarios. This paper is the first to apply the YOLOv9 algorithm model
to the fracture detection task as computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD) to
help radiologists and surgeons to interpret X-ray images. Specifically,
this paper trained the model on the GRAZPEDWRI-DX dataset and extended
the training set using data augmentation techniques to improve the model
performance. Experimental results demonstrate that compared to the mAP
50-95 of the current state-of-the-art (SOTA) model, the YOLOv9 model
increased the value from 42.16% to 43.73%, with an improvement of
3.7%. The implementation code is publicly available at
https://github.com/RuiyangJu/YOLOv9-Fracture-Detection.
MACHINE LEARNING COMBINED WITH INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY FOR DETECTION OF HYPERTENSION PREGNANCY: TOWARDS FETAL AND PREGNANT BLOOD ANALYSIS.
Authors: Silva Sara Maria Santos Dias da , Nogueira Marcelo Saito , Rizzato Jaqueline Maria Brandão , Silva Simone de Lima , Cortelli Sheila Cavalca , Borges Roger , Martinho Herculano da Silva , Silva Rodrigo Augusto , Carvalho Luis Felipe das Chagas e Silva de
Published: May 2024

Biochemical changes in the cervix during labor are not well understood,
in part because of a lack of technology capable of safely probing the
pregnant cervix in vivo. FT-IR spectroscopy has the potential to address
these needs because it is a non-invasive optical technique that can
sensitively detect changes in biochemical components. A total of 30
pregnant participants undergoing either spontaneous or induced labor
were recruited. We detected several biochemical changes during labor,
including a significant decrease in FT-IR spectral features associated
with collagen and other extracellular matrix proteins attributed to
collagen dispersion, an increase in spectral features associated with
blood, and in features indicative of lipid-based molecules. Our results
have demonstrated that FT-IR spectroscopy is sensitive to multiple
biochemical remodeling changes in the cervix during labor. FT-IR
spectroscopy may be a valuable noninvasive tool for objective cervical
assessment to potentially guide clinical labor management.
Moving restoration ecology forward with combinatorial approaches
Authors: Rillig Matthias , Lehmann Anika , Rongstock Rebecca , Li Huiying , Harris Jim
Published: May 2024

Our current planetary crisis moves the need for effective ecosystem
restoration centerstage and compels us to explore unusual options. We
here propose exploring combinatorial approaches to restoration
practices: management practices are drawn at random and combined from a
locally relevant pool of possible management interventions, thus
creating an experimental gradient in the number of interventions. This
will move the current degree of interventions to higher dimensionality,
opening new opportunities for unlocking unknown synergistic effects. In
this concept, regional restoration hubs play an important role as
guardians of locally relevant information and sites of experimental
exploration. Data collected from such studies could feed into a global
database, which could be used to learn about general principles of
combined restoration practices, helping to refine future experiments.
Such combinatorial approaches to exploring restoration intervention
options may be our best hope yet to achieve decisive progress in
ecological restoration at the timescale needed to mitigate and reverse
the most severe losses.
Surgical Management of a Perineal Hernia in a 24-year-old Mare
Authors: Meistro Federica , Spadari Alessandro , Saragoni Giuditta , Rinnovati Riccardo , Ralletti Maria Virginia
Published: May 2024

Summary: A rare case of bilateral perineal hernia was reported
in a 24-year-old Italian Trotter mare. This condition is described as a
protrusion of retroperitoneal fat, and/or the abdominal or pelvic
viscera through the pelvic diaphragm which supports the rectal wall. It
is commonly observed in olduncastrated old male dogs, but occurs very
rarely in large ruminants; to the Authors’ knowledge, it has never been
described in horses. Chronic weight loss is the main clinical sign, even
if the main concern regards the entrapment and the strangulation of the
bowel content. Reaching a diagnosis involves clinical signs, palpation,
ultrasound evaluation and rectal examination. The approach chosen in all
the cases of perineal hernia described in large ruminants is
appositional herniorrhaphy; for this reason, it was utilised as the
first surgical choice in the present case. Due to its failure, a new
surgical approach was used The second procedure involved the
transposition of the semimembranosus muscle. The short-term outcome
after the second surgery presented no recurrence or complications. It is
therefore necessary to consider perineal hernia among the various
differential diagnosis of perineal swellings in horses. Additional cases
are required to determine its benefits.
Photojournalism: Values and Constraints, Aestheticism, and Aftermath Photography
Authors: Kontos Ioannis , Galanopoulos-Papavasileiou Ioannis
Published: May 2024

This article delves into the essence of photojournalism, focusing on values and constraints and scrutinizing specific works by Yannis Kontos through the prisms of aestheticism and aftermath photography. Drawing on photojournalist methods, personal experiences, and literature, the authors articulate the nuanced nature of photojournalism at the convergence of aesthetics and aftermath. The core value of photojournalism, resembling forensic documentation, is explored, emphasizing the gathering of evidentiary material in adherence to practical mandates of objectivity, detachment, and neutrality. The discussion extends to practical dimensions, addressing challenges in environments such as war zones concerning time, logistics, technology, and ethics.
Contemplating the potential artistic dimensions of photojournalism, the article explores the interplay between aesthetic concerns and the preservation of journalistic and ethical integrity. The author’s self-identification as a documentary photographer with a penchant for the aftermath movement underscores a nuanced approach. While acknowledging artistic exhibitions, the ultimate ambition is for contributions to be a lasting reference, inspiring future generations. In a critical engagement with the broader discourse on photojournalism, the paper situates the practice within both documentary and art photography. It offers a succinct exploration of the inherent values and constraints of photojournalism in diverse contexts, revealing its dynamics at the crossroads of aesthetics and documenting aftermaths.
Aflatoxin M1 Exposure and Health Risk Assessment in Children and Adults due to Pasteurized Milk Consumption in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Tadesse Hiwot , Tamene Aynadis , Dessie Gulelat
Published: May 2024

Milk and dairy products stand as essential sources of nutrition across all age groups. However, the presence of Aflatoxin M1, particularly common and risky for young children, necessitates careful assessment of milk. This study, conducted in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Aflatoxin M1 using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography in pasteurized milk and assess associated health risks using deterministic techniques. The prevalence of Aflatoxin M1 in pasteurized milk was 56.6%, with Aflatoxin M1 levels ranging from 0 to 6.27 μg/L and a mean value of 1.237 μg/L. The risk assessment revealed substantial Aflatoxin M1 exposure risk from pasteurized milk consumption, as reflected by margin of exposure values <10,000, specifically 25.9, 109.6, and 380 for children aged 2–5, 6–9, and adults, respectively. The hazard index values for pasteurized milk consumers were 110, 26, and 7.5 for children aged 2–5, 6–9, and adults, respectively. Furthermore, cancer risk calculations yielded values of 0.18, 0.04, and 0.01 per 100,000 population for children aged 2–5, 6–9, and adults, respectively, with an average potency of 0.007978 cases per 100,000/yr ng Aflatoxin M1/kg bw/day. Notably, children aged 2–5 and 6–7 face elevated risks, whereas adults face relatively lower risks.
Microbiological Safety and Nutritional Adequacy of Composite Porridge Flour Used in a Selected School-Feeding Program in Kamuli District, Uganda
Authors: Ssabika Gabriel , Buyinza Thomas , Brumm Thomas , Byakika Stellah , Mukisa Ivan Muzira
Published: May 2024

By providing nutrient-enriched meals, the Iowa State University-Uganda Program plays a crucial role in combating hunger and improving school attendance by pupils in Kamuli district, Uganda. The lunchtime meals for pupils in primary grades 3 to 7 consist of a blend of maize grains and beans cooked together with vegetables and eggs to enhance their nutritional value. The program introduced a new composite porridge flour (44% maize, 26% millet, and 18% amaranth grain) for feeding pupils from kindergarten to primary grade 2 at break time. However, the microbiological safety of the flour for making the porridge had yet to be assessed. Additionally, though the proportions of the flour ingredients were known, its proximate composition and energy density were unknown. Hence, the porridge’s contribution to each pupils recommended dietary allowance had never been evaluated for adequacy. This study, therefore, assessed the microbiological safety and nutritional adequacy of the composite flour (n = 5 batches). Fungal contamination was determined by spread plating on acidified Potato Dextrose agar. Aflatoxin concentrations were determined by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Proximate composition was determined following standard methods. Gross energy was estimated using the energy conversion factors. To evaluate nutritional adequacy, the contribution of the porridge flour to pupils’ RDA was compared with the 1998 FAO/WHO RDA guidelines. The mean fungal count (4.4 ± 0.1 log cfu/g) slightly exceeded the acceptable maximum limit (4 log cfu/g), although no aflatoxins were detected, thus indicating satisfactory microbial safety. The flour predominantly contained carbohydrates (81.0% ± 0.7), moderate amounts of protein (8.2% ± 0.1), and crude fat (7.6% ± 0.5) alongside minimal levels of total ash (1.8% ± 0.1) and crude fiber (1.7% ± 0.6). Its contribution to the pupils’ RDA was very minimal owing to the low porridge intake (about 10 g dry matter per pupil per day). Therefore, there is an urgent need to enhance the nutrient profile of the composite flour by incorporating more protein and fiber rich ingredients and increasing the serving size to meet the dietary needs of the pupils. The flour could also be extruded to ensure a higher bulk density of the porridge.
Spatial orientation parameters of face image recognition as predictors of liver failure symptoms in adolescents
Authors: Nikishina VB , Petrash EA , Engel EYa , Simonenko IA , Shagina ED
Published: May 2024

Functional assessment of higher mental functions in case of intoxication or during treatment will make it possible to identify predictors of the symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy associated with portal hypertension. The study was aimed to determine the diagnostic predictors of the emergence of the earliest symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy in adolescents with portal hypertension. The study involved 60 adolescents aged 13–17 years: 28 males, 32 females. The experimental group included 30 adolescents with the diagnosis К76.6 Portal hypertension, unspecified form. The control group included 30 adolescents with normal somatic status, who had no mental disorders, traumatic brain injuries or severe infectious diseases of the brain (based on the records of the annual check-up). The studied groups were matched by sex, age, and social status. The proprietary method, Tobii EyeX hardware and software system (GazeControl software), and Cambridge Face Memory Test for Children (CFMT-C) were used. It has been found that recognition of single face images, multiple face images, and multiple face images camouflaged with noise by adolescents with portal hypertension is associated with the greater efforts (manifested in the increased number and duration of gaze fixations), than recognition of the above by adolescents with normal somatic status. The accuracy of recognition of single face images, multiple face images, and multiple face images camouflaged with noise shown by adolescents with portal hypertension experiencing the toxic effects associated with manifestations of hepatic encephalopathy is significantly reduced compared to that shown by adolescents with normal somatic status. The results obtained can be considered as the diagnostic predictors allowing one to trace the changes in the hepatic encephalopathy severity at various stages of treatment (including after surgical intervention).
Genotypic characteristics of Bordetella pertussis, candidate strains for production of pertussis component of vaccines (statement I)
Authors:   Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia, Borisova OYu , Andrievskaya IYu ,   Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Pimenova AS , Gadua NT , Chagina IA , Borisova AB , Chaplin AV , Alekseeva IA , Kafarskaya LI ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
Published: May 2024

Vaccination is an effective means of preventing pertussis infection. The purpose of this work was to improve vaccines available in the Russian Federation in general and actualize vaccine strains used for the production thereof in particular. We studied B. pertussis strains isolated in Moscow, Voronezh, Novosibirsk, Ulyanovsk and Chelyabinsk regions, and eight production strains part of the adsorbed diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccine. Multilocus antigenic sequence typing (MAST) and whole genome multilocus sequence typing (wgMLST) were used for genotyping. We studied cultural morphological, enzymatic, serological, and genotypic properties of the candidate B. pertussis strains, and compared their genotypic properties to those of B. pertussis vaccine strains from the current composition of the DPT vaccine. Candidate strains belong to four genotypes: ptxА1/ptxВ2/ptxС2/ptxР3/fim2-2/fim3-2/prn2, ptxА1/ptxВ2/ptxС2/ptxР3/fim2-2/fim3-2/prn9, ptxА1/ptxВ2/ptxС2/ptxР3/fim2-1/fim3-1/prn1 and ptxА1/ptxВ2/ptxС2/ptxР3/fim2-2/fim3-1/prn2. Current vaccine strains were from other six genotypes: ptxА2/ptxВ1/ptxС1/ptxР1/fim2-1/fim3-1/prn1, ptxА2/ptxВ2/ptxС1/ptxР2/fim2-1/fim3-1/prn1, ptxА4/ptxВ1/ptxС1/ptxР2/fim2-1/fim3-1/prn1, ptxА2/ptxВ2/ptxС1/ptxР1/fim2-1/fim3-1/prn1, ptxА4/ptxВ2/ptxС1/ptxР2/fim2-1/fim3-1/prn1 and ptxА1/ptxВ2/ptxС1/ptxР1/fim2-1/fim3-1/prn1. With the help of wgMLST, we established affiliation of all candidate strains of B. pertussis to ST2.
Prostranstvenno-orientacionnye parametry uznavaniya izobrazhenij lic kak prediktory simptomov pechenochnoj nedostatochnosti u podrostkov
Authors: Никишина В. Б. , Петраш Е. А. , Энгель Е. Я. , Симоненко И. А. , Шагина Е. Д.
Published: May 2024

Funkcional'naya ocenka izmenenij vysshih psihicheskih funkcij pri intoksikacionnom vozdejstvii, a takzhe v processe lecheniya pozvolit vyyavit' prediktory simptomov pechenochnoj encefalopatii pri portal'noj gipertenzii. Cel' raboty — opredelit' diagnosticheskie prediktory vyyavleniya naibolee rannih simptomov pechenochnoj encefalopatii u podrostkov s portal'noj gipertenziej. V issledovanii uchastvovali 60 podrostkov 13–17 let, 28 chelovek — muzhskogo pola, 32 cheloveka — zhenskogo pola. V eksperimental'nuyu gruppu voshli 30 podrostkov s diagnozom K76.6 «Portal'naya gipertenziya» bez utochneniya formy. V kontrol'nuyu gruppu voshli 30 podrostkov s normativnym somaticheskim statusom bez psihicheskih, cerebral'notravmaticheskih i tyazhelyh infekcionnyh zabolevanij golovnogo mozga (po rezul'tatam zaklyuchenij ezhegodnoj dispanserizacii). Issledovatel'skie gruppy uravnivali po polu, vozrastu i social'nomu statusu. Ispol'zovali avtorskuyu metodiku i programmno-apparatnyj kompleks Tobii EyeX (PO «GazeControl»), a takzhe Kembridzhskij test zapominaniya lic dlya detej (CFMT-C). Ustanovleno, chto uznavanie edinichnyh, mnozhestvennyh, mnozhestvennyh zashumlennyh izobrazhenij lic podrostkami s portal'noj gipertenziej soprovozhdaetsya bol'shimi usiliyami (proyavlyayushchimisya v uvelichenii kak chisla fiksacij vzglyada, tak i ih prodolzhitel'nosti), chem podrostkami s normativnym somaticheskim statusom. Tochnost' uznavaniya edinichnyh, mnozhestvennyh i mnozhestvennyh zashumlennyh izobrazhenij lic pri toksicheskom vliyanii pri proyavlenii pechenochnoj encefalopatii u podrostkov s portal'noj gipertenziej znachimo snizhaetsya po sravneniyu s podrostkami s normativnym somaticheskim statusom. Poluchennye rezul'taty mozhno rassmatrivat' v kachestve diagnosticheskih prediktorov, pozvolyayushchih otslezhivat' izmenenie vyrazhennosti simptomov pechenochnoj encefalopatii na raznyh etapah lecheniya (v tom chisle posle operativnogo vmeshatel'stva).
Genotipicheskaya harakteristika shtammov Bordetella pertussis — kandidatov dlya polucheniya koklyushnogo komponenta vakcinnyh preparatov (soobshchenie I)
Authors: Борисова О. Ю. , Андриевская И. Ю. , Пименова А. С. , Гадуа Н. Т. , Чагина И. А. , Борисова А. Б. , Чаплин А. В. , Алексеева И. А. , Кафарская Л. И.
Published: May 2024

Vakcinaciya yavlyaetsya effektivnym sredstvom preduprezhdeniya zabolevaniya koklyushnoj infekciej. Cel'yu raboty bylo usovershenstvovanie vakcinnyh preparatov v RF, v tom chisle aktualizaciya proizvodstvennyh vakcinnyh shtammov. Izuchali shtammy B. pertussis, vydelennye v g. Moskve, Voronezhskoj, Novosibirskoj, Ul'yanovskoj i CHelyabinskoj oblastyah, i vosem' proizvodstvennyh shtammov dlya adsorbirovannoj koklyushno-difterijno-stolbnyachnoj (AKDS) vakciny. Dlya genotipirovaniya ispol'zovali mul'tilokusnoe antigennoe sikvens-tipirovanie (MAST) i polnogenomnoe mul'tilokusnoe sikvens-tipirovanie (wgMLST). Izucheny kul'tural'no-morfologicheskie, fermentantivnye, serologicheskie i genotipicheskie svojstva shtammov B. pertussis — kandidatov v proizvodstvennye vakcinnye shtammy i proveden sravnitel'nyj analiz genotipicheskih svojstv etih shtammov i proizvodstvennyh vakcinnyh shtammov B. pertussis dlya vakciny AKDS. Kandidatnye shtammy yavlyayutsya predstavitelyami chetyrekh genotipov — ptxA1/ptxV2/ptxS2/ptxR3/fim2-2/fim3-2/prn2, ptxA1/ptxV2/ptxS2/ptxR3/fim2-2/fim3-2/prn9, ptxA1/ptxV2/ptxS2/ptxR3/fim2-1/fim3-1/prn1 i ptxA1/ptxV2/ptxS2/ptxR3/fim2-2/fim3-1/prn2. Proizvodstvennye vakcinnye shtammy prinadlezhali k drugim shesti genotipam: ptxA2/ptxV1/ptxS1/ptxR1/ fim2-1/fim3-1/prn1, ptxA2/ptxV2/ptxS1/ptxR2/fim2-1/fim3-1/prn1, ptxA4/ptxV1/ptxS1/ptxR2/fim2-1/fim3-1/prn1, ptxA2/ptxV2/ptxS1/ptxR1/fim2-1/fim3-1/prn1, ptxA4/ptxV2/ptxS1/ptxR2/fim2-1/fim3-1/prn1 i ptxA1/ptxV2/ptxS1/ptxR1/fim2-1/fim3-1/prn1. S pomoshch'yu wgMLST ustanovlena prinadlezhnost' vsekh kandidatnyh shtammov B. pertussis k ST2.
trend of research on oral hygiene in intubated patient based on bibliometric analysis
Authors: Setyoharsih Titis Wening , Saryono Saryono , Jehloh Latifah
Published: May 2024

Background: ICU patients with critical conditions are generally intubated due to their inability to breathe independently. These patients require assistance from nurses in meeting their basic needs, one of which is oral hygiene. ICU nurses use several protocols when doing oral hygiene in intubated patients.
Purpose: This study was conducted to reveal the trend of research on oral hygiene in intubated patients in the last two decades through bibliometric analysis.
Methods: This study is a quantitative research. The research publications were collected from the Scopus and PubMed databases through the Publish or Perish application. Then, for further analysis, the VOSViewer application was used to create visualization maps of co-occurring terms that include the research themes.
Results: There were a total of 88 publications from two databases in the last two decades that discussed oral hygiene in intubated patients. Visualization in VOSViewer illustrates five main clusters on oral hygiene-intubated patients. Most of the publication themes were oral hygiene protocols and the relationship between the oral hygiene and VAP incidence. However, suction toothbrush as one of the oral hygiene protocol did not appear in the co-occurring terms in the first search; therefore, the researchers conducted a separate search about this term.
Conclusions: Based on the analysis, the most common themes used are oral hygiene protocols and the relationship between oral hygiene and VAP in the last two decades. However, research on suction toothbrush as one of the protocols is still lacking, so it can be used as a novelty in conducting further research.
Votar en tiempos de desinformación: nuevos patrones informativos y comportamiento electoral.
Authors: Salazar Rebolledo Grisel
Published: May 2024

En 2024, México enfrenta un desafiante proceso electoral marcado por la propagación de información no verificada, la desconfianza hacia el periodismo crítico y nuevas formas de comunicación entre actores políticos y votantes. ¿Representan estos desafíos fenómenos novedosos o son formas modernizadas de propaganda política? Este análisis se fundamenta en la investigación sobre el impacto del entorno digital en elecciones previas, tanto en México como a nivel mundial. Cuatro áreas emergen como posibles factores de influencia: 1) el debilitamiento del periodismo, 2) la desconfianza en los medios tradicionales, 3) la transformación en la comunicación política y 4) el incremento de la desinformación. La pregunta crucial es si estos elementos alterarán de manera radical el proceso electoral o si forman parte de una evolución política natural.
What’s at Stake for Women in Mexico after the 2024 Presidential Elections?
Authors: Beer Caroline
Published: May 2024

The next president of Mexico will almost certainly be a woman since both major coalitions have nom- inated women for the 2024 presidential election. Which candidate is likely to more effectively ad- dress the crisis of gender violence? This paper com- pares the record of female and male governors in reducing female homicide rates and also examines the records of Morena and PAN governors in reduc- ing violence against women. The statistical results show that the sex of governors had very little im- pact on female homicide rates. States governed by the PAN had slightly lower rates of female homicide than others. In general, states with Morena governors did not have lower female homicide rates, but the female homicide rate did decline in Mexico City under Claudia Sheinbaum’s leadership.
Cambio y continuidad en la política subnacional mexicana
Authors: Cruz Olmeda Juan
Published: May 2024

A partir de 2018 el sistema político mexicano sufrió una profunda transformación tanto a nivel nacional como subnacional. El presente artículo se centra en este último para examinar si el avance de MORENA en el control de gubernaturas generó un cambio en las elites políticas de los estados. A partir de una base de datos original de candidaturas a gobernador de dicho partido entre 2018 y 2023 se analizan las cualidades personales (género, edad, educación), su trayectoria partidaria y en cargos públicos de quienes las ocuparon. Se concluye que quienes representaron a MORENA en las contiendas (y en la mayoría de los casos obtuvieron una victoria) no tienen características muy diferentes de los representantes de los partidos que dominaron el escenario político con anterioridad.
¿Cambio de régimen o cambio de gobierno?
Authors: López Leyva Miguel Armando
Published: May 2024

Este texto se propone discutir lo que implica el “cambio de régimen” a partir de una revisión mínima de las versiones existentes en el debate público y de lo que se ha modificado a raíz de la tercera alternancia en el poder presidencial en 2018. A la luz del panorama del proceso democratizador mexicano y teniendo como escenario próximo los comicios de 2024, se plantea que la democracia es una realidad efectiva, aunque en proceso de erosión, y que los aspectos que, de acuerdo con el gobierno actual, han cambiado, no lo han hecho en el sentido esperado. Esto plantea el reto de ratificar en las urnas la vigencia del régimen democrático y la necesidad de que la pluralidad se exprese de modo tal que permita el funcionamiento efectivo de los controles constitucionales al poder ejecutivo.
The ring $R\{X\}$
Authors: Abuosba Emad , Al-azaizeh Mariam
Published: May 2024

Let $R$ be a commutative ring with unity and $W=\{f(X)\in R[X]:f(0)=1\}$. We define $R\{X\}=W^{-1}R[X]$. We show that the maximal ideals of $R\{X\} $ are of the form $W^{-1}(M,X)$ where $M$ is a maximal ideal of $R$, and so if $R$ is finite dimensional, then $\dim R\{X\}=\dim R[X]$. We show that $R\{X\}$ is a Prüfer ring if and only if $R$ is a von Neumann regular ring, and so if $R\{X\}$ satisfies one of the Prüfer conditions, it satisfies all of them.
ГОРОДА ЗОЛОТОЙ ОРДЫ НА СТРАНИЦАХ СРЕДНЕВЕКОВЫХ АРАБСКИХ СОЧИНЕНИЙ
Authors: Сайфетдинова Эльмира Гаделзяновна
Published: May 2024

В статье предлагается рассмотреть процесс фиксирования названия золотоордынских городов в средневековых арабских источниках. Материалами исследования выступили арабоязычные сочинения XIII–XV вв. В результате исследования было отмечено отсутствие устойчивого названия золотоордынского государства. В большинстве случаев арабские хронисты делали привязку названия государства к имени правителя, либо к определенному географическому местоположениюзолотоордынского государства. Сведения средневековых арабских сочинений о золотоордынских городах фрагментарны и описательны, не дают полной картины средневекового города. Большинство из представленных сведений касаются оседлых территорий золотоордынской империи. Несмотря на повествовательный стиль сведений о городах Золотой Орды, они в общем дают информацию, которая дополняет сведения других исторических источников.
СРЕДНЕВЕКОВЫЙ СЛОЙ ПОСЕЛЕНИЯ ХУДУТЕПЕ
Authors: Агаларзаде Анар Мирсамид оглы , Насирова Лала Шахбал кызы , Гусейнова Матанат Махаммад кызы
Published: May 2024

В статье сообщается об образцах материальной культуры, выявленных из средневекового слоя многослойного памятника – поселения Худутепе в Джалилабадском районе на юго-востоке Азербайджана. Как известно, в период развитого средневековья (IX–XIII вв.) на территории Азербайджана возникали многие феодальные государства. Часть из них со временем усиливалась и играла важную роль в культурно-экономическом росте своей эпохи. Следует отметить, что прираскопках поселения обнаружена богатая поливная и неполивная керамика, стеклянные украшения развитого средневековья, металлические орудия и медная монета. Образцы материальной культуры из средневекового слоя Худутепе указывают на интенсивную обитаемость поселения сельского типа на Мугани в исследуемом периоде. Расположение поселения на выгодной географической территории указывает на формирование жизни Худутепе в XI–XIII вв.