bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS IN CHILDREN: PATTERN AND CORRELATES AMONG THOSE REPORTING TO A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Amin Malik Awais , Kamran Muhammad , Rauf Shehzad , Bukhsh Sumaira , Gul Isbah , Tabassum Ahmed Shoaib
Published: July 2021

Objective: To determine the pattern of psychiatric disorders among children reporting to the Psychiatry department Pakistan Naval Ship Shifa Hospital, Karachi.

Study Design: Comparative cross sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Psychiatry department Pakistan Naval Ship Shifa Hospital, Karachi, from Feb to Aug 2018.

Methodolgy: A total of 100 children, aged between 6-12 years of age, both male and female, meeting the selection criteria of the study, presenting to the Psychiatry department at Pakistan Naval Ship Shifa Hospital, were enrolled for this study. Informed consent was taken from the parents. The consultant psychiatrist interviewed the patients and diagnosed any psychiatric disorders based on international classification of diseases version 10. The data was recorded on the study proforma.

Results: Out of a total of 100 children, 66 (66%) were male, while 34 (34%) were female. The mean age of the participating children was 8.66 + 1.97 years. The most common psychiatric disorder was attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 44 (44%), followed by depression 30 (30%). Other diagnoses included oppositional defiant disorder 12 (12%), conduct disorder 9 (9%) and separation anxiety disorder 5 (5%).

Conclusion: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and depression are amongst the quite prevalent psychiatric disorders, than that was considered earlier.
EVALUATION OF MODIFIED CYTOSPIN SLIDE MICROSCOPY FOR DETECTION OF ACID FAST BACILLI IN BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUID FOR DIAGNOSIS OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: Imtiaz Anam , Ikram Aamer , Zaman Gohar , Satti Luqman , Sana Fatima
Published: July 2021

Objective: To evaluate the cytospin slide microscopy method for detection of acid fast bacilli (AFB) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid comparing it with concentrated smear microscopy.

Study Design: Cross-sectional validation study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Rawalpindi, from Dec 2016 to Sep 2018.

Methodology: BAL specimens from suspected tuberculosis patients who were sputum smear negative, submitted to AFIP for diagnosis were included in the study. Smears for microscopy were prepared with the modified cytospin method as well as the standard concentrated technique. The prepared smears from both methods were stained with Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) staining method and examined under 100 × oil immersion lens. TB culture performed on BACTEC MGIT 960 automated culture system (Becton Dickinson, USA) was taken as gold standard for TB diagnosis. The two methods were compared in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value.

Results: Out of the 130 samples tested, 62 (47.7%) were positive on culture using MGIT 960 system. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of the modified cytospin method for pulmonary TB diagnosis was found to be 68.3%, 100%, 100%, 77% and 84.6%, respectively.

Conclusion: The sensitivity of the modified cytopsin smear method was significantly higher than that of the concentrated method. The study concludes that this is a simpler and more accurate method for BAL fluid microscopy.
CLINICAL SPECTRUM AND OUTCOME OF PATIENTS WITH TUBERCULOUS MENINGITIS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF PAKISTAN
Authors: Gilani Atifa , Hassan Zahid , Nawaz Khurram Haq , Khan Muhammad Babar , Arif Saeed , Kazmi Sakhawat
Published: July 2021

Objective: To assess the clinical profile and outcome of patients admitted with the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) at neurology unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital of Pakistan.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Neurology department, Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Dec 2018 to Jun 2019.

Methodology: This study was conducted on 69 patients of tuberculous meningitis admitted. Demographic profile included age, gender, and the symptoms with which the patient presented. Neurological complications were also documented among the target population. Outcomes included recovery, shifting to intensive care unit and death.

Results: A total of 69 patients admitted in neurology ward diagnosed and managed as tuberculous meningitis in the study duration time. Male to female ratio was 1.4:1. Mean age of patients diagnosed with tuberculous meningitis in our study was 34.23 ± 3.915 years. Most of the patients presented with the fever followed by headache. Out of 69 patients, 41 (59.4%) recovered, 22 (31.9%) were shifted to the intensive care unit and 6 (8.7%) died. Seizures were the commonest neurological complication faced by the patients followed by cranial nerve palsies.

Conclusion: Fever and headache were common symptoms with which patients of tuberculous meningitis presented in our study population. Most of the patients recovered in the ward but a high percentage required intensive care unit admission as well. Seizures and cranial nerve palsies were commonly experienced complication by patients included in our study.
FREQUENCY AND FACTORS OF NON-COMPLIANCE AMONG EPILEPTIC PATIENTS
Authors: Gilani Atifa , Nawaz Khurram Haq , Hassan Zahid , Yousaf Muhammad Ali , Hashmat Asif , Arif Saeed
Published: July 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of non-compliance among the patients of epilepsy and factors related to the presence of non-compliance at a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan.

Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study.

Place and Duration of Study: Neurology department, Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, form Dec 2018 to Jun 2019.

Methodology: A total of 133 cases were included in the study, which were diagnosed as epilepsy for more than 6 months by a consultant neurologist. Medication and drug adherence was assessed by validated Urdu version of our-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. Relationship of age, gender, socio-economic class, duration of epilepsy, education, marital status and poly-pharmacy was assessed with the presence of non-compliance among the patients suffering from epilepsy.

Results: There were 53 (39.9%) patients were females while 80 (60.1%) were males. Out of 118 patients of epilepsy, 59 (44.4%) showed the presence of non-compliance while 74 (55.6%) had good compliance. After applying the logistic regression we found that duration of illness and poly-pharmacy had significant association with the presence of non-compliance among the patients of epilepsy.

Conclusion: Non-compliance emerged as a highly prevalent behavior or clinical condition among the patients of epilepsy in our target population. Before combining the pharmacological agents it is advisable to check the compliance of already prescribed drugs used to control the seizures. Patients with long standing illness or those who are put on multiple medications should be regularly screened for non-adherence.
ANATOMICAL VARIATIONS OF EXTRA HEPATIC BILIARY SYSTEM IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY IN CMH & PEMH RAWALPINDI
Authors: Muazzam Muhammad Ali , Hussain Syed Mukarram , Qureshi Muhammad Tanvir Ahmed
Published: July 2021

Objective: To assess the frequency of anatomical variations of the extra-hepatic biliary tract in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Combined Military Hospital & Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi.

Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of General Surgery, Combined Military Hospital & Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from Mar to Aug 2017.

Methodology: A total of 136 patients of either gender with cholelithiasis of more than one month were included. Participants were distributed into equal number of groups for both hospitals by lottery method. All the participants had under gone laparoscopic cholecystectomy by consultant general surgeon or senior registrar under direct supervision. Structures mainly assessed for variations were gall bladder, cystic duct, common hepatic duct, supraduodenal part of common bile duct, cystic artery, and hepatic artery which were characteristically encountered during laparoscopy.

Results: Overall Extra hepatic biliary variations were 136 (23%), at Combined Military Hospital 68 (16%) and Pak Emirates Military Hospital 68 (29.4%). Gall bladder anomaly was seen in 3% patients, cystic duct anomaly 4.4%, supraduodenal part of common bile duct anomaly 0.7%, cystic artery anomaly 11% and hepatic artery anomaly was seen in 3.6% patients (p>0.05).

Conclusion:  Anatomic variations were found to be not uncommon in our set up. Thus, there is a need for doctors to continuously refresh knowledge of normal anatomy and the variants of biliary tract.
GENITOURINARY INJURIES DURING WAR AGAINST TERROR: A SINGLE-CENTER EXPERIENCE
Authors: Khan Haroon Sabir , Kiani Faaran , Nawaz Muhammad , Alvi Muhammad Sarwar , Zafar Muhammad Rafiq , Mahmood Arshad
Published: July 2021

Objective: To compare our experience of genitourinary injuries during the war against terrorism with the record of those in previous wars of the World.

Study Design: Cross sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Urology department, Combined Military Hospital Peshawar, from Jun 2011 to Aug 2014.

Methodology: We treated 89 (5.6%) cases of genitourinary injuries received in our tertiary care hospital in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The hospital was located at a distance of 2-3 hours of evacuation time by helicopter from the forward operational area.

Results: The frequency of genitourinary injuries among 1589 war casualties was (5.6%). Out of these 49 (55%) were due to sniper shots and 40 (45%) due to improvised explosive device. Kidney was the most common organ injured 30 (33.7%), followed by bladder 20 (22.5%) and urethra 14 (15.7%). Majority of renal and bladder injuries were afflicted in those soldiers who were not wearing the protective jackets. Associated injuries to other organs were identified in 81% cases. Salvage of all genitourinary organs was the aim; however, nephrectomy and orchiectomy had to be performed in 30% and 50% respectively.

Conclusion: Salvage of genitourinary war injuries poses a challenge to the trauma surgeon as lifesaving measures take precedence over organ preservation. Renal trauma in war was found to be the leading critical genitourinary injury.
FACULTY PERSPECTIVE ABOUT DIFFICULTIES IN IMPLEMENTATION OF NEWLY INTRODUCED INTEGRATED CURRICULUM FOR BASIC SCIENCES IN KING EDWARD MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
Authors: Cheema Khalid Mahmood
Published: July 2021

Objective: To explore the perceptions of basic sciences faculty about the integrated curriculum.

Study Design: Sequential mixed method study.

Place and Duration of Study: King Edward Medical University Lahore, from Oct to Dec 2017.

Methodology: A 15-item survey was utilized as quantitative information collection device that gave the numerical depiction of the patterns, views or conclusions of the participants. In-depth interviews were done after survey as a tool of qualitative data collection to investigate beliefs and explore the attitudes.

Results: All ninety three faculty members of basic sciences in medical college were contacted and survey response rate was 96.77% (90/93). 97% of faculty members had awareness about curricular integration; but majority (56%) had concerns about its appropriate implementation. Majority agreed that integration was beneficial for students‟ learning. They were satisfied with its design and relevance. Major considerations were correct implementation and lack of coaching in adopting new teaching methods and educational approaches.

Conclusion: Curriculum integration is useful and essential in student‟s learning but training is necessary in its planning and execution. Current negative perceptions need to be addressed through further research.
COMPLICATIONS OF TRACHEOSTOMY AND LEADING FACTORS AMONG PATIENTS PRESENTING AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, KARACHI
Authors: Wasim Muhammad Fahad , Riaz Naeem , Aslam Sohail , Bukhari Syed Muhammad Asad Shabbir , Mumtaz Humza , Ahmed Waseem
Published: July 2021

Objective: To look for the complications of tracheostomy and factors correlated with presence of these complications at a tertiary care teaching hospital of Pakistan.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: ENT department, Operation Theater, Emergency department and Critical Care Unit of Pakistan Naval Ship Shifa Hospital, Karachi Pakistan, from Apr to Oct 2019.

Methodology: Sixty nine patients who underwent tracheostomy were included in the analysis. Final decision regarding offering the procedure of tracheostomy to the patient was made by consultant ENT specialist in liaison with the primary treating physician. Patients were assessed for the complications during the procedure, immediately after the procedure, 48 hours after the procedure and one week after the procedure.

Results: Out of sixty nine patients included in the study, 8 (11.6%) patients underwent emergency tracheostomy while 61 (88.4%) underwent elective tracheostomy. Ten (14.5%) had undergone percutaneous procedure while 59 (85.5%) had undergone open surgical procedure. Hemorrhage was the commonest complication reported followed by dislodgement. With Pearson chi-square test, we found that increasing age (45 years) and emergency tracheostomy had strong association with the presence of complications among the patients undergoing tracheostomy.

Conclusion: Tracheostomy emerged as a safe procedure with mostly minor self-limiting complications. Surgeon performing this procedure should be aware of these common complications and should give information care to the patients prior to the procedure. Patients who are elderly or undergoing emergency tracheostomy should be dealt with special care while doing this life saving procedure.
CONTRACEPTIVE PREFERENCES AND IMPROVED QUALITY OF LIFE
Authors: Baqai Shehla , Siraj Asifa , Urooj Uzma , Noor Nusrat , Tariq Humaira , Khan Sumaira
Published: July 2021

Objective: To understand the contraceptive preferences of women of reproductive age group and to know from where they get the knowledge of it and how quality of life of contraceptive users and non-users is affected.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Gynecology and Obstetrics department, Pak-Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Sep 2017 to Aug 2018.

Methodology: Pre-tested self-administered questionnaires were used to assess the usage of contraception, role of health care providers social/family influences, and print/broadcast media, to provide sample size calculation, ethics approval, knowledge and access to various contraceptive methods. The quality of life indicators used were anemia and feeling of general well-being.

Results: A total of 1050 participated in the study. Out of those who have knowledge, only 497 (47.33%) practiced contraception and 530 (50.47%) not using it 23 (2.1%) were not clear about their views regarding contraceptive usage. Out of those who were using contraception, 161 (54.20%) women used barrier methods, 93 (18.71%) used intrauterine contraceptive devices, implanon 52 (10.46%), natural methods 61 (12.27%), oral/injectable 99 (19.91%) and male contraception was used by 31 (6.23%) couples. Anemia was less in contraceptive users 84 (17%) as compared to non-users 164 (31%).

Conclusion: Family planning is the strongest tool which can improve the health of mother and children as well as it’s a development indicator for overall social and economic status of a society. By understanding its prevalence and factors influencing its usage, maternal and child health can be improved in near future.
HYPERTENSION: A SUFFIECIENT RISK FACTOR FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Authors: Khan Subhana Akber , Pervaiz Farrah , Afridi Saleha , Babar Ayesha , Hafeez Assad
Published: July 2021

Hypertension is a risk factor that can cause hypertension leading to cardiovascular diseases. A high or persistent blood pressure level of 140/90mmHg is known as hypertension which is divided into further stages. Blood pressure is the pushing force with which the heart pumps blood against the walls of arteries. High blood pressure is a serious medical condition in which the force of blood against wall of an artery is elevated than the normal which is called as hypertension. Recent guidelines of ICD-11 categorizes blood pressure into four levels. In a clinical setting, an average of blood pressure measurements is usually taken by healthcare providers. These categories are labeled as normal blood pressure, elevated blood pressure, stage 1 hypertension and stage 2 hypertension according the blood pressure measurements. Hypertension is associated with cardiovascular diseases which results in significant morbidity and mortality. Hypertension for a long-term or chronic elevation of blood pressure causes organ damage, eventually. It can be divided into primary or essential hypertension which occurs in 95% of cases whereas; secondary hypertension occurs in 5% of the cases. There are several possible and interrelated factors that are involved in development of hypertension. Intake of sodium in diet, insulin resistance, genetics, and obesity are some of the non-modifiable risk factors for hypertension. Whereas; renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, cardiac output, peripheral resistance are also implicated in hypertension development. It is a wide known considered risk factor not only for cardiovascular diseases but for renal diseases as well. In this review article.....
THE EFFECT OF OVARIECTOMY ON WOMEN’S PERIODONTAL STATUS: A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Sohail Kanwal , Zafar Mahrukh , Zulfiqar Maham , Kiyani Amber
Published: July 2021

Objective: To determine the effect of bilateral oophorectomy on the periodontal status of otherwise healthy women when compared with normal controls.

Study Design: Mixed-method study.

Place and Duration of Study: Riphah International University, Islamabad, from Apr to Sep 2016.

Methodology: A total of 24 women with and without oophorectomy procedures were recruited. Twelve women who has undergone radical hysterectomies at least 6 months prior to the evaluation were recruited for this investigation. These women underwent a comprehensive oral examination with detailed documentation of their periodontal status following a thorough medical/dental history. An age- and sex-matched control population underwent a similar examination.

Results: Statistically significant results were noted for probing, color, consistency, texture and contour of gingiva with the p-value of 0.007, 0.001, 0.002, 0.005 and 0.037 when the results were compared with the control population.

Conclusion: Bilateral oophorectomy does not compromise the periodontal health of otherwise healthy women.
AWARENESS REGARDING USE OF LINING UNDER POSTERIOR COMPOSITE RESTORATIONS AMONG GENERAL DENTISTS OF LAHORE
Authors: Khan Salman Ashraf , Bajwa Obaid , Khalid Naima , Khan Nissa
Published: July 2021

Objective: To evaluate awareness among the General Dentists of Lahore regarding the use of lining materials under posterior resin restorations.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Lahore, from Sep 2019 to Jan 2020.

Methodology: Non-probability consecutive sampling technique was used. A sample size of 271 was calculated. The questionnaires were distributed by 2 surveyors to the general dentists of Lahore, Pakistan.

Results: The response rate was 100%. Amongst these dentists, 191 (63.87%) affirmed that they use lining materials in initial depth cavities, 248 (82.94%) used lining material under moderate depth restorations and 285 (95.31%) used lining materials under advanced depth cavities with calcium hydroxide being the most commonly used material.

Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicate that general dentists of Lahore are unaware of the contemporary concepts regarding the placement of cavity liners and tend to place liners in initial and moderate depth cavities under posterior resin restorations.
SPECTRUM OF RENAL ALLOGRAFT BIOPSY FINDINGS IN RENAL TRANSPLANT PATIENTS AT A TERTIARY CARE CENTER IN RAWALPINDI, PAKISTAN
Authors: Mansoor Khurram , Osama Muhammad , Ishaque Muhammad , Sabir Sohail , Din Hafeez ud , Asif Muhammad , Sabir Haroon
Published: July 2021

Objective: To evaluate outcome of diagnostic kidney biopsy in patients with renal allograft dysfunction at a tertiary care hospital.

Study Design: Retrospective observational study.

Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Urology, Rawalpindi, from Jan 2014 to Jan 2020.

Methodology: A consolidate registry review was carried to formulate this study. The registry data exists at our center containing information about the graft dysfunction (manifesting as proteinuria, deranged urea and creatinine or urine sediment abnormalities) and other major indications which warrant probing with biopsy. The histopathological diagnosis of these biopsies is confirmed from the nephro-pathology registry before finalization of diagnosis.

Results: A total of 94 diagnostic kidney biopsies were performed in patients with graft dysfunction. Out of 94 biopsies, 80 (85.1%) patients were male while 14 (14.9%) were female patients. The most frequent single cause for graft dysfunction was Cell Mediated Rejection (n 12, 24.5%) followed by Interstitial Fibrosis and Tubular Atrophy/Acute Tubular Injury. The most common cause among the glomerulonephritis was Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (n 3, 6.1%) followed by others. The most common cause for mixed pathology remainedcell mediated rejection with Interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (n 8, 17.8%).

Conclusion: Cell mediated rejection is thecommonest pathology responsible for renal allograft dysfunction both as a single lesion as well as part of mixed pathology.
PERCEPTION OF ALTERED SMILE ESTHETIC AMONG DENTISTS, STUDENTS AND LAYPERSONS USING DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Amin Erum , Khan Mehwish , Siddiqui Mohmmad Omer , Babar Adnan , Hassan Fatima , Ejaz Wajeeha
Published: July 2021

Objective: To investigate whether there is any difference in the perception of altered smile esthetics among dentist, students and layperson.

Study Design: Comparative cross sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institutes of Dentistry Rawalpindi, from Jan to Jun 2019.

Methodology: A total of 120 individuals were selected among which 40 were dentists, 40 were students and 40 lay persons to evaluate smile on given questioner. An individual was photographed in frontal posed smile using a digital camera at natural head position. The photograph was digitally manipulated with minor changes and only desired area of face was framed using Adobe Photoshop CC 2018 software to generate a control and ideal smile. Series of photographs were generated by doing modifications to evaluate five variables including Smile arc, Gingival display, Buccal corridor, Midline shift and Midline diastema. The each group was also asked to rate attractiveness each picture on 5 points Visual Analog Scale (VAS) from 1- Most attractive to 5- Least attractive.

Results: The p-value was for midline diastema and midline shift was <0.01. Most of the study population was females 75 (62.5%) and the mean age of participants was 27.51 ± 5.42. Significant difference was observed at VAS in flat smile arc, nil buccal corridor, mid-line shift and midline diastema by study groups.

Conclusion: Perception of midline diastema and midline shift differs significantly among dentists, students and lay persons.
EFFICACY OF INTRA-ARTERIAL LIDOCAINE FOR PAIN CONTROL RESULTING FROM TRANSARTERIAL CHEMOEMBOLIZATION OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Authors: Abbas Ghulam , Sheraz Atif , Rahim Raza
Published: July 2021

Objective: To assess the efficacy of intra-arterial lidocaine in peri & post-procedural pain control and the dose of narcotic analgesic required in hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing transarterial chemoembolization.

Study Design: Comparative prospective study.

Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Radiology and Imaging Rawalpindi, from Jan to Jun 2019.

Methodology: A total of 60 patients included in this study where 42 males and 18 were females, age range 45-85 years who underwent transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma, were included in the study. patients were equally divided into two groups, group a (30 patients) who underwent transarterial chemoembolization, received 60 mg of intraarterial lidocaine each and group b (30 patients) who underwent transarterial chemoembolization, intra-arterial lidocaine was substituted with normal saline.degree of post-procedural pain was assessed using a subjective method (visual analogue scales score) and an objective method (amount of post-procedural analgesics).

Results: Average peri-procedure visual analogue scale score was 5.06 in group A patient versus 7.2 for those in group B patients (p=0.037). Post-procedure visual analogue scale score in the group A was 2.7 ± 0.520 and that for group B was 4.2 ± 0.761 (p=0.025). Mean of total dose of nalbuphine in group A was 4.96 ± 0.764 mg versus 8.3 ± 1.34 mg for patients in group B (p=0.036). Average length of post procedure hospital stay was 0.9 ± 0.203 and 1.41 ± 0.373 days for group A and group B respectively (p=0.002).Conclusion: Intra-arterial administration of lidocaine before infusing the embolization particles for transarterial chemoembolization.....................
SELF-PERCEIVED COMPETENCE OF NEW DENTAL GRADUATES IN PAKISTAN – A MULTIINSTITUTION STUDY
Authors: Qazi Haroon Shahid , Ali Kamran , Cockerill Josephine , Zahra Daniel , Raja Ulfat Bashir , Ataullah Khurram
Published: July 2021

Objective: To investigate the self-perceived competence of house-officers from three dental institutions in Pakistan.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Islamabad Dental Hospital, Fatima Memorial Dental Hospital and Islamic International Dental Hospital, from Jan to Dec 2018.

Methodology: House-officers from three dental institutions were invited to participate in a cross-sectional study. A previously validated preparedness assessment scale was used to gauge the perceptions and experiences of the participants on a range of clinical, cognitive and affective skills. The results were compared to data from Dental Foundation Trainees in the UK.

Results: In total 128 house-officers responded to the online questionnaire (18 participants were excluded due to missing data). All but four participants were in the 20-25 years age group (96.4%). The mean overall score of participants was 70/100 (SD ± 11.71). Self-perceived competence was reported to be low for clinical skills in radiography, crowns, cast-partial dentures and endodontics on multi-rooted teeth.

Conclusions: This study investigated self-perceived competence amongst new graduates and provides information for comparison with data from Foundation Dentists in the UK. Pakistani House-Officers felt less prepared than Dental Foundation Trainees in 49/50 attributes. Several areas were identified where graduates from both countries may benefit from further education, training and consolidation. The findings may be of interest to dental educators and other stakeholders.Keywords: , , ,
COMPARISION OF FREQUENCY OF INFECTION BETWEEN INTERNAL JUGULAR AND FEMORAL VEIN DOUBLE LUMEN HEMODIALYSIS CATHETER IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) PATIENTS
Authors: Khan Saif Ullah , Amir Muhammad , Javed Ali , Nisar Shazia , Nisar Shazia , Khan Malik Nadeem Azam , Javed Muhammad Arsalan
Published: July 2021

Objective: To compare the frequency of infection between internal jugular and femoral vein double lumen haemodialysis catheter in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.

Study Design: Comparative prospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital, Peshawar, from Jan to Jun 2018.

Methodology: A total of 400 patients (200 patients in each group) were included in this study. After insertion of catheter the patients were divided into 2 groups, group-A (jugular) and group-B (femoral) by lottery method and followed for development of catheter related blood stream infection (CRBI) within two weeks after its insertion.

Results: Mean age of the patients was 51.68 ± 13.29 and 50.89 ± 14.31 years in group-a and b, respectively. In group-A 193 (96.5%) and in group-B 196 (98%) patients presented with chronic kidney disease duration of <4 years, in group-A 7 (3.5%) and in group-B 4 (2%) patients presented with chronic kidney disease duration of >5 years. In both groups, 65 (32.5%) were diabetic. Catheter related blood stream infection (CRBSI) was found in 13 (6.5%) and 8 (14%) in group-A & B, respectively.

Conclusion: Infection frequently complicates double lumen catheters used for haemodialysis and infections are more frequent in patients with femoral vein catheter as compared to internal jugular vein.
IMPACT OF AGE ON OUTCOME OF COVID-19 PATIENTS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Rafique Iffat , Yasir Muhammad , Zia Nadeem , Sheen Irfan Najm , Siddiqui Hamid Jamal , Nadeem Asif
Published: July 2021

Objective: To assess the impact of age on outcome of COVID-19 patients at a tertiary care hospital.

Study Design: Cross sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Malir, Karachi, from Apr to Jun 2020.

Methodology: This was a retrospective cross sectional study conducted at Combined Military Hospital Malir Karachi. About 120 positive cases of SARS COV-2 were studied, including males and females. Age range was 21-85 years. Patients were divided into groups according to age, group A (21-40 years), group B (41-55 years), group C (56-85 years). Presenting complaints and associated co morbidities were also analyzed. Mild cases were managed conservatively. Moderate to severe oxygen dependent cases were managed in intensive care units.

Results: The mean age of patients was 40.24 years with 16.25 ± SD. Co- morbidities were noted in 67 (55.83%) patients, highest in group C, hypertension being the most common. Ten patients could not survive, due respiratory failure complicated by adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Bilateral infiltrates >50% observed in (14%) out of (n=120) patients. One hundred and ten patients were discharged with uneventful recovery.

Conclusion: Mortality was highest among elderly patients with comorbidities. Therefore, international standing operative measures (SOPs) to be followed. Meticulous monitoring of vital signs and oxygen saturation in mild cases is the bare minimum requirement and timely appropriate treatment escalation of moderate to severe cases in intensive care units is the key to success.
URETHRAL DUPLICATION A RARE CAUSE OF EVEN RARER DORSAL CHORDEE
Authors: Ahmed Naveed , Gul Mian Sarfraz , Ahmed Iftikhar , Rehman Shafqat , Fraz Omar , Anwar Zahid
Published: July 2021

Chordee is a condition in which the penile head has a curvature. It can be towards ventral or dorsal aspect. Dorsal chordee is very rare. In many normal males mild degrees of curvature can exist. Causes of dorsal chordee can be diverse but urethral duplication as its etiology is even rarer. We report a case of six year old boy who presented with severe dorsal chordee with associated double urethra and cleft of the glans dorsally without hypospadia.
PATIENTS’ SATISFACTION WITH THE QUALITY OF DERMATOLOGY CONSULTATION OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF PAKISTAN
Authors: Rahman Atiya , Naveed Tehseen , Zulfiqar Sumeera , Akhtar Aisha , Hamid Andaleeb , Iftikhar Nadia
Published: July 2021

Objective: To determine the satisfaction rate of dermatology patients, after purposefully improving the consultation skills of residents.

Study Design: Mix-method study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Dermatology, Combined Military Hospital Lahore, from Jan to Sep 2020,

Methodology: Empathy informed curriculum was delivered by the consultants and senior registrar prior to the conduction of study as well as an ongoing process to the post-graduate trainees in the department. Patients’ satisfaction with the quality of dermatological consultation was assessed by consultation and relational empathy (CARE) measure. One hundred and seventy six patients were recruited during the study period. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, means, standard deviations and percentages were determined from the data. Advanced level analysis was done by Pearson’s correlation coefficients to analyse relationships between variables.

Results: The mean age of study participant was 39.01 ± SD 19.81 year, with a minimum of 3 years and maximum of 91 years. Ninety two (52.3%) patients were male and 84 (47.7%) were female. The mean consultation and relational empathy score was 40.34 ± SD 8.56 with 16 minimum score and 50 maximum. One hundred and sixty six (94.3%) patients were overall satisfied with the consultation whereas 10 (5.7%) were not.

Conclusion: We found high satisfaction rate amongst patients attending dermatology outpatient department. Empathy informed curricula should be emphasized upon to provide holistic patient care.
EFFECT OF OBESTATIN ON PITUITARY GONADAL AXIS, LEPTIN AND MDA LEVELS IN OBESE SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS
Authors: Latif Nadia , Rasul Amina , Ali Sajid , Zia Rimsha
Published: July 2021

Objective: To determine the effect of obestatin administration on FSH, LH, testosterone, leptin and MDA levels in obese Sprague Dawley Rats.

Study Design: Laboratory based animal study.

Place and Duration of Study: Physiology department, Army Medical College Rawalpindi, from Mar to Jun 2015.

Methodology: This randomized controlled trial was conducted at Physiology Department Army medical college. Male healthy Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n–15 each) i.e. control group (group I) fed with normal pellet diet (NPD), obese group (group II) and obestatin treated obese group (group III) fed with high fat diet (HFD). After 10 weeks, group III was treated with obestatin (1nmol/100ml intraperitoneally). Blood samples were obtained by terminal intracardiac sampling for bioasssays of FSH, LH, testosterone, leptin and MDA by ELISA.

Results: Obestatin supplementation in obese rats showed significant increase in LH levels (3.79 ± 0.05) and testosterone levels (2.07 ± 0.22) when compared to the non treated obese rats (2.19 ± 0.07) and (1.37 ± 0.15) respectively while significant decrease in leptin (3.85 ± 0.23) and MDA levels (1.62 ± 0.07) was observed when compared to the non-treated control groups (6.10 ± 1.18) and (1.95 ± 0.07) respectively. However, serum FSH levels remained unchanged among the treated and nontreated groups.

Conclusion: Obestatin increases the testosterone levels by augmenting the pituitary gonadal axis through decrease in the oxidative stress and leptin levels in obese rats.
Innovations in secondary school and pedagogical education
Authors: Rozov Nikolay Khristovich
Published: July 2021

Actual problems of school education and preparation of the pedagogical personnel in pedagogical and classical universities are discussed.
Health culture formation during professional - pedagogical preparation of graduates of university
Authors: Kaigorodova Nadezhda Zakharovna
Published: July 2021

The problem of culture and health formation of the teacher as the element of professional and pedagogical culture is analyzed. The results of the research among students AltSU and of teachers of schools, into potential opportunities of modern school in preservation of pupils health are reported. The lines of work on formation of culture of the students health are allocated during vocational training.
Concord of MGU and YAGPU
Authors: Afanasyev Vladimir Vasilievich , Zalmanovna Gushel Rebekka
Published: July 2021

The hundred year history of scientific and cultural cooperation of Moscow State University named by M.V. Lomonosov and Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University named by K.D. Ushinsky is described.
Lessons of arts and crafts of north peoples as the factor of person formation of modern teenagers
Authors: Bokotey Lianna Lavrantna
Published: July 2021

The program of lessons in arts and crafts called "Many-sided Yamal" is described. Pedagogical conditions of spiritual and moral education of teenagers in the polyethnic environment are allocated.
Personality development of the trainees within network educational communities
Authors: Sergeev Alexey Nikolaevich
Published: July 2021

The article covers the issues of personal development of students and pupils within network community of the Internet. Such development is connected with the activity of the trainees in the Internet as sociocultural environment, in which new opportunities and requirements of socialization appear, views about oneself are formed, communication and collaboration with other people take place. The article covers the specialties of the sites of social network in the educational process, oriented towards personal development of students and pupils within network community of the Internet.
Assessment systems of professional activity of teachers and trainsee-students in european countries
Authors: Bondarenko Elena Nikolaevna
Published: July 2021

The peculiarities of different systems of monitoring of dynamic of professional development of a student being targeted at diagnostic of the level of knowledge, and professional skills in the modern systems of Great Britain, France, Cyprus, Germany, Island, Italy, Norway, Malta are viewed in the article. The system of assessment is viewed upon as one of the potential and important instruments being applied to the professional development of teachers, and which is in its turn also approves the quality of education. The interpretation of the assessment techniques is different in different countries. The author gives the analyses of the effectiveness of the assessment of professional education, and views upon main methods of diagnostic of professional growth.
Intensification of educating of mathematics for the students of humanitarian specialties in universities
Authors: Dmitrieva Maria Nikolaevna
Published: July 2021

The problems of educating of mathematics and informatics for the students of humanitarian specialties in universities are discussed in this article. The methodic of the teaching which depends on using differential approaches was developed by author. The aim of these methods is some intensification processes of teaching and student's activity in learning.
Pedagogical analysis of pupils selections at a stage of preprofile and subsequent profile school education
Authors: Spirina Evgeniya Dmitrievna
Published: July 2021

Article is devoted profile education and professional self-determination. In article the short description of preconditions of formation of profile education in Russia and foreign, some models of profile education, pedagogical possibilities of support of preprofile preparation and profile education is resulted. In article some results of research of the reasons of elections of pupils of preprofile courses and profile education are described and the analysis of the relation to a choice of pupils, of teachers and parents is made.
Personal development in technology science education
Authors: Anokhina Galina Mikhailovna
Published: July 2021

The book shows the urgent problem of development of key competences of the individual personality-oriented technology science education. Revealed a new form of training sessions with Situation-search tool training, enabling it to achieve personal growth. The mechanism demonstrates the evolution of situations of personal development in a situation of self-identity of the student.
Active forms of tuition as the agency of the intensification of the academic activity while teaching human sciences
Authors: Yakupova Alevtina Ravilievna
Published: July 2021

Methods and forms considered in this work assist to create the conditions that will help the new generations in higher education establishments to seize the humanist mentality a good knowledge of profession and a wide cultural range of interests. They give an opportunity of reforming forms and methods of teaching that will increase the individual and creative work of students in a cognitive work. The most optimal forms and methods of effective training of specialists are considered in this work by means of humane subjects. The branch "Voshod" (cosmodrome Baikonur) is taken as an example.
Where does the third type of orientation lead?
Authors: Veselyaeva Tatiana Yuryevna
Published: July 2021

In this paper we propose a general method for the classification of polygons by number of symmetries. Using it, the school students get the opportunity to build an indicative framework of the third type of P. Galperin formulating their own definitions of different types of polygons. The paper describes the experience of the pilot work with eighth grade pupils, indicating, in particular, that the construction of orientations of the third type provide the prerequisites of student's creative activity.
Educational motivation of students of geographic faculty in M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
Authors: Isachenkova Lidia Borisovna
Published: July 2021

The article evaluates educational motivations of students doing their studies in Geographic Faculty of Moscow State University. The conducted research allowed us to conclude that for all students of Geographic Faculty the motives of social approval and avoiding of failure are the factors of low significance while the motives of professional activity and learning processes are the factors of high significance. No difference between the student doing different studies within the Faculty has been revealed. Relatively low significance of motives in educational process is typical of the first-year male students and the second-year female students.
The characteristic of the maintenance and technique of educational work at schools and groups of the prolonged day
Authors: Bolhovitin Sergey Mikhailovich
Published: July 2021

In article construction of a mode of teaching and educational work in group of the prolonged day, productive leisure of schoolboys in the conditions of a mode of the prolonged day, employment with pupils is resulted. Article has an orientation to shine one of principal views of activity of pupils of groups of the prolonged day.
Research of the problem of vital success of the senior teenagers
Authors: Kunasheva Albina Alikovna
Published: July 2021

This article is directed on studying of the basic questions, concepts concerning treatment success, a success situation, in it the indicators of vital success, basic needs and valuable orientations of teenagers are considered, the problem of revealing and realization of the pedagogical conditions promoting formation of vital success of the senior teenagers is investigated.
Problems of foreign language training of post-graduate students of technical specialities
Authors: Kotlyarov Ivan Dmitrievich
Published: July 2021

The present paper is dedicated to the problem of insufficient level of fluency of doctoral students (in technical sciences) in foreign languages. We propose, in order to improve the situation, to make two major steps: organization of an electronic archive of translations of foreign scholarly literature and compulsory publication of papers in foreign scientific journals.
"Russian education-2010": model of unacceptable future
Authors: Popkov Vladimir Andreevich , Zhirnov Valentin Danilovich
Published: July 2021

The article represents substantial criticism of the report Russian education - 2010: model of education for economy, based on knowledge made by a team of authors under the auspices of Y. Kuzminov and I. Frumin.
Systems approach to design and conduct a workshop on science in high school
Authors: Vinnik Mikhail Anatolievich
Published: July 2021

This article shows the benefits of a systematic approach in addressing the educational and developmental problems. The examples of its application in the organization of educational process. Submitted methodical system of a workshop on science. Revealed integrative properties of the individual sessions of the workshop.
Socially-pedagogical aspect formation of the person of teenagers folklore means
Authors: Kornev Dmitrii Vladimirovich
Published: July 2021

In article the socially-pedagogical aspect of formation of the person of the teenager in the course of familiarising with traditional national-song culture is considered. Process of adaptation of the child to environment by means of small forms of folklore, a place of song creativity in formation of the developing person in detail reveals. In work socially-pedagogical mechanisms of process of socialization of modern teenagers and pedagogical conditions of teaching and educational process are shown. During experiment it has been revealed that folklore means directly help teenagers to develop an adequate self-estimation, to raise communicative level and valuable perception of world around.
Protective-coping behavior as the factor of professional health and efficiency of professional activity of the teacher
Authors: Lenkov Sergei Leonidovich , Zinkovsky Aleksandr Konstantinovich , Antonovsky Aleksandr Viktorovich
Published: July 2021

This article is dedicated to the research of features of influence of protective-coping behavior on a professional activity and professional health of teachers of secondary schools (5-11 degrees). Features of protective-coping behavior as factor of professional health of teachers depending on the experience of labour activity are analysed. The interaction model of participants in psychocorrectional and psychopreventive work at the secondary school, directed on increase of efficiency of pedagogical process and preservation and strengthening of professional health of the teacher is offered.
The basis of technological approach to the realization of the programme of informal education and psychological support of parents
Authors: Kharchenko Leonid Nikolaevich , Fedoseeva Anna Aleksandrovna
Published: July 2021

From the point of view of the humanistic approaches formed in the occidental and the native science and practice there will be stated the necessity of working out the technology and the integrated psychological-pedagogical programmes of the informal education of the parents in the first years of upbringing the child.
Self-dependence vocational guidance amongst general school students
Authors: Kuznetsov Kirill Gennadyevich
Published: July 2021

Article on the study of professional self-determination among high-school students (10th grade) - The article discusses various meanings of the term independence in psychological- pedagogical literature. The author then presents his own definition of independence and provides an extensive reference guide on factors that form levels of independence. The article also shows results of a psychological-pedagogical experiment.
Features of teaching mathematics for foreign students training in Russian
Authors: Fetisova Evgenia Vladimirovna
Published: July 2021

The main difficulty of tutoring of mathematics at the pre-university faculty is the work on adaptation of training material. There are considered some features of teaching mathematics to foreign students training in Russian. In article is also told about experience of realization of carrying out the lessons with use the basic abstracts, and about one of the methods of checking knowledge in studied material by using the differentiated tasks.
International cooperation of higher educational institutions in the context of pedagogical research
Authors: Firsova Svetlana Pavlovna
Published: July 2021

The paper is devoted to the theoretical problems of the Russian higher professional school integration into the world educational space. So, the activity of International Service of an educational institution is considered, the strategic directions of the academic international cooperation are put forward. The significance of the criteria system for the International Service activity evaluation is specially noted. Some trends of investigations in the field of academic international cooperation are also outlined.