bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ascites-induced compression alters the peritoneal microenvironment and promotes metastatic success in ovarian cancer
Authors: Asem Marwa , Young Allison , Oyama Carlysa , ClaureDeLaZerda Alejandro , Liu Yueying , Ravosa Matthew. J. , Gupta Vijayalaxmi , Jewell Andrea , Khabele Dineo , Stack M. Sharon
Published: July 2020

The majority of women with recurrent ovarian cancer (OvCa) develop malignant ascites with volumes that can reach > 2 L. The resulting elevation in intraperitoneal pressure (IPP), from normal values of 5 mmHg to as high as 22 mmHg, causes striking changes in the loading environment in the peritoneal cavity. The effect of ascites-induced changes in IPP on OvCa progression is largely unknown. Herein we model the functional consequences of ascites-induced compression on ovarian tumor cells and components of the peritoneal microenvironment using a panel of in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo assays. Results show that OvCa cell adhesion to the peritoneum was increased under compression. Moreover, compressive loads stimulated remodeling of peritoneal mesothelial cell surface ultrastructure via induction of tunneling nanotubes (TNT). TNT-mediated interaction between peritoneal mesothelial cells and OvCa cells was enhanced under compression and was accompanied by transport of mitochondria from mesothelial cells to OvCa cells. Additionally, peritoneal collagen fibers adopted a more linear anisotropic alignment under compression, a collagen signature commonly correlated with enhanced invasion in solid tumors. Collectively, these findings elucidate a new role for ascites-induced compression in promoting metastatic OvCa progression.
Artificial light at night can modify ecosystem functioning beyond the lit area
Authors: Giavi Simone , Blösch Sina , Schuster Guido , Knop Eva
Published: July 2020

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a relatively new and rapidly increasing global change driver. While evidence on adverse effects of ALAN for biodiversity and ecosystem functioning is increasing, little is known on the spatial extent of its effects. We therefore tested whether ALAN can affect ecosystem functioning in areas adjacent to directly illuminated areas. We exposed two phytometer species to three different treatments of ALAN (sites directly illuminated, sites adjacent to directly illuminated sites, control sites without illumination), and we measured its effect on the reproductive output of both plant species. Furthermore, in one of the two plant species, we quantified pre-dispersal seed predation and the resulting relative reproductive output. Finally, under controlled condition in the laboratory, we assessed flower visitation and oviposition of the main seed predator in relation to light intensity. There was a trend for reduced reproductive output of one of the two plant species on directly illuminated sites, but not of the other. Compared to dark control sites, seed predation was significantly increased on dark sites adjacent to illuminated sites, which resulted in a significantly reduced relative reproductive output. Finally, in the laboratory, the main seed predator flew away from the light source to interact with its host plant in the darkest area available, which might explain the results found in the field. We conclude that ALAN can also affect ecosystem functioning in areas not directly illuminated, thereby having ecological consequences at a much larger scale than previously thought.
Ribosome profiling reveals a functional role for autophagy in mRNA translational control
Authors: Goldsmith Juliet , Marsh Timothy , Asthana Saurabh , Leidal Andrew M. , Suresh Deepthisri , Olshen Adam , Debnath Jayanta
Published: July 2020

Autophagy promotes protein degradation, and therefore has been proposed to maintain amino acid pools to sustain protein synthesis during metabolic stress. To date, how autophagy influences the protein synthesis landscape in mammalian cells remains unclear. Here, we utilize ribosome profiling to delineate the effects of genetic ablation of the autophagy regulator, ATG12, on translational control. In mammalian cells, genetic loss of autophagy does not impact global rates of cap dependent translation, even under starvation conditions. Instead, autophagy supports the translation of a subset of mRNAs enriched for cell cycle control and DNA damage repair. In particular, we demonstrate that autophagy enables the translation of the DNA damage repair protein BRCA2, which is functionally required to attenuate DNA damage and promote cell survival in response to PARP inhibition. Overall, our findings illuminate that autophagy impacts protein translation and shapes the protein landscape.
Expanding the homogeneous regime of deformation in bulk metallic glass by electromigration-induced rejuvenation
Authors: Chen Qi , Zhang Meng , Gu Jiachang , Cao Quanliang , Zhang Cheng , Han Xiaotao , Li Liang , Wang Weihua , Liu Lin
Published: July 2020

The origin of plasticity in bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) is highly elusive due to their complicated amorphous atomic structures. Nonetheless, there is a general consensus that the homogeneous regime of deformation on the deformation map of BMGs is constrained by high temperature and low strain rate. Here we report an expanded homogeneous regime in a Zr55Cu30Al10Ni5 BMG, which is achieved by applying a pulsed electric current to the BMG specimen subjected to external loading. The BMG specimen exhibits homogeneous elongation and necking, rather than shear banding as it should without pulsed current. The results indicate that the pulsed current produces an additional effective “temperature increment” ∼0.15Tg (Tg, the glass transition temperature) apart from the Joule heating effect. This expanded homogeneous regime is attributed primarily to electromigration-induced dynamic rejuvenation which promotes homogeneously distributed deformation by enlarging the shear transformation zones. These findings could benefit understandings of plasticity in glassy materials.
Direct utilization of air and water as feedstocks in the photo-driven nitrogen reduction reaction over a ternary Z-scheme SiW9Co3/PDA/BWO hetero-junction
Authors: Wang Tianyu , Liu Jiquan , Wu Panfeng , Feng Caiting , Wang Danjun , Hu Huaiming , Xue Ganglin
Published: July 2020

Direct utilization of air and water for marching towards a “Solar Ammonia Refinery”.
Roles of basicity and steric crowding of anionic coligands in catechol oxidase-like activity of Cu(ii)–Mn(ii) complexes
Authors: Dutta Sabarni , Bhunia Pradip , Mayans Júlia , Drew Michael G. B. , Ghosh Ashutosh
Published: July 2020

Catalytic efficiency of heterometallic Cu(ii)–Mn(ii) complexes towards oxidation of 3,5-DTBC to 3,5-DTBQ is dependent on the basicity and steric requirement of anionic co-ligands.
Using applied pressure to guide materials design: a neutron diffraction study of La2NiO4+δand Pr2NiO4+δ
Authors: Bull Craig L. , Ridley Christopher J. , Playford Helen Y.
Published: July 2020

High-pressure structural changes being used as a guide to materials design.
Dinuclear Tb and Dy complexes supported by hybrid Schiff-base/calixarene ligands: synthesis, structures and magnetic properties
Authors: Hahn Peter , Ullmann Steve , Klose Jennifer , Peng Yan , Powell Annie K. , Kersting Berthold
Published: July 2020

The anisotropy barrier for relaxation of magnetization of Dy3+Schiff-base/calix[4]arene complexes increases significantly upon going from NO6to N2O5donor sets.
Highly selective sensing of Fe3+/Hg2+ and proton conduction using two fluorescent Zn(ii) coordination polymers
Authors: Xu Tian-Yang , Nie Hong-Jiao , Li Jia-Ming , Shi Zhong-Feng
Published: July 2020

A pair of Zn-based homologues show significant differences in the fluorescence sensing of Hg2+/Fe3+ ions and proton conductivity.
Emerging investigator series: quantifying silver nanoparticle aggregation kinetics in real-time using particle impact voltammetry coupled with UV-vis spectroscopy
Authors: Ezra Laela , O'Dell Zachary J. , Hui Janan , Riley Kathryn R.
Published: July 2020

This work describes the development of an analytical technique that couples single nanoparticle electrochemistry and UV-vis spectroscopy to determine aggregation kinetics and critical coagulation concentrations (CCCs) of silver nanoparticles.
Cancer cell membrane-derived nanoparticles improve the activity of gemcitabine and paclitaxel on pancreatic cancer cells and coordinate immunoregulatory properties on professional antigen-presenting cells
Authors: Comparetti Edson J. , Lins Paula M. P. , Quitiba João V. B. , Zucolotto Valtencir
Published: July 2020

Human pancreatic carcinoma is among the neoplasias with the highest number of deaths, and the frequency of relapses has demanded novel therapeutic intervention.
Streptococcus pneumoniae metal homeostasis alters cellular metabolism
Authors: Burcham Lindsey R , Hill Rebecca A , Caulkins Rachel C , Emerson Joseph P , Nanduri Bindu , Rosch Jason W , Fitzkee Nicholas C , Thornton Justin A
Published: July 2020

Streptococcus pneumoniae colonizes the human nasopharyngeal mucosa and is a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia, acute otitis media, and bacterial meningitis. Metal ion homeostasis is vital to the survival of this pathogen across diverse biological sites and contributes significantly to colonization and invasive disease. Microarray and qRT-PCR analysis revealed an upregulation of an uncharacterized operon (SP1433-1438) in pneumococci subjected to metal-chelation by N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis-(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN). Supplementation of zinc, cobalt, and nickel following TPEN treatment significantly abrogated induction. BLASTP comparisons and protein topology analysis predicted this locus to encode components of ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters involved in multidrug resistance (SP1434-1435) and energy-coupling factor (ECF) transporters (SP1436-1438). Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis identified differences in intracellular metal content in a Δ1434-8 mutant strain compared to parental T4R. Further, analysis of the secreted metabolome of WT and Δ1434-8 strains identified significant changes in pneumococcal glycolytic and amino acid metabolic pathways, indicating a shift towards mixed acid fermentation. Additionally, proteomic analysis revealed differentially expressed proteins in the Δ1434-8 mutant strain, with nearly 20% regulated by the global catabolite repressor, CcpA. Based on these findings, we propose that the transporters encoded by SP1433-1438 are involved in regulating the central metabolism of S. pneumoniae and contributing to bacterial survival during metal stress.
Mixed receptors of AMPA and NMDA emulated using a ‘Polka Dot’-structured two-dimensional conjugated polymer-based artificial synapse
Authors: Han Hong , Ge Feng , Ma Mingxue , Yu Haiyang , Wei Huanhuan , Zhao Xue , Yao Hongbing , Gong Jiangdong , Qiu Longzhen , Xu Wentao
Published: July 2020

‘Polka dot’-structured two-dimensional conjugated polymer-based synaptic transistors successfully emulate different receptors on post-synaptic membrane and advanced forms of synaptic plasticity.
A new route for the shape differentiation of cesium lead bromide perovskite nanocrystals with near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield
Authors: Grisorio Roberto , Conelli Daniele , Giannelli Rosa , Fanizza Elisabetta , Striccoli Marinella , Altamura Davide , Giannini Cinzia , Allegretta Ignazio , Terzano Roberto , Suranna Gian Paolo
Published: July 2020

Engineering the chemical approach for obtaining cesium lead bromide perovskite nanocrystals allows their shape modulation while maintaining their near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield.
Phenoxazine-based scaffold for designing G4-interacting agents
Authors: Tsvetkov Vladimir B. , Varizhuk Anna M. , Lizunova Sofia A. , Nikolenko Tatiana A. , Ivanov Igor A. , Severov Vjacheslav V. , Belyaev Evgeny S. , Shitikov Egor A. , Pozmogova Galina E. , Aralov Andrey V.
Published: July 2020

A phenoxazine-based scaffold with one or two positively charged arms for selectively G4 stabilizing was synthesized and probed.
A [5 + 1] annulation strategy for the synthesis of multifunctional biaryls and p-teraryls from 1,6-Michael acceptor ketene dithioacetals
Authors: Shally  , Althagafi Ismail , Shaw Ranjay , Elagamy Amr , Kumar Abhinav , Pratap Ramendra
Published: July 2020

A [5 + 1] annulation approach was used to access multifunctional biaryls and p-teraryls from ketene dithioacetals.
General method for the production of hydrogel droplets from uniformly sized smart shell membranes
Authors: Gwon So-Jeong , Park Soo-Young
Published: July 2020

A smart solid-state liquid crystal shell membrane template prepared by a microfluidic method with a reactive mesogen mixture doped with a nematic liquid crystal of 5CB as a porogen was used for a facile and general method to produce uniformly sized hydrogel droplets.
Demystifying the mechanism of NMP ligands in promoting Cu-catalyzed acetylene hydrochlorination: insights from a density functional theory study
Authors: Zhao Chaoyue , Zhang Xianming , He Ziting , Guan Qingxin , Li Wei
Published: July 2020

Experimental results and DFT calculations revealed the promoting effect of NMP on catalytic reactivity and the inhibiting effect of NMP on the reduction of Cu2+to Cu+and Cu0, respectively.
Single-molecule DNA origami aptasensors for real-time biomarker detection
Authors: Cervantes-Salguero Keitel , Freeley Mark , Chávez Jorge L. , Palma Matteo
Published: July 2020

DNA nanostructures as platforms to monitor the inherent conformational changes of aptamers upon analyte binding, with single-molecule resolution and real-time capability.
Exosome: a significant nano-scale drug delivery carrier
Authors: Peng Huan , Ji Weihong , Zhao Ruichen , Yang Jun , Lu Zhiguo , Li Yan , Zhang Xin
Published: July 2020

Exosomes have outstanding advantages as drug delivery carriers in the treatment of various diseases.
Optimization, selective and efficient production of CNTs/CoxFe3−xO4 core/shell nanocomposites as outstanding microwave absorbers
Authors: Wu Mei , Darboe Abdou Karim , Qi Xiaosi , Xie Ren , Qin Shuijie , Deng Chaoyong , Wu Guanglei , Zhong Wei
Published: July 2020

Schematic illustration of core@shell structure core/shell structure CNTs/CoxFe3−xO4 nanocomposites and comparison diagrams with the recently representative related nanocomposites.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a metabolic burden promoting atherosclerosis
Authors: Zhang Lei , She Zhi-Gang , Li Hongliang , Zhang Xiao-Jing
Published: July 2020

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the fastest growing chronic liver disease, with a prevalence of up to 25% worldwide. Individuals with NAFLD have a high risk of disease progression to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and liver failure. With the exception of intrahepatic burden, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and especially atherosclerosis (AS) are common complications of NAFLD. Furthermore, CVD is a major cause of death in NAFLD patients. Additionally, AS is a metabolic disorder highly associated with NAFLD, and individual NAFLD pathologies can greatly increase the risk of AS. It is increasingly clear that AS-associated endothelial cell damage, inflammatory cell activation, and smooth muscle cell proliferation are extensively impacted by NAFLD-induced systematic dyslipidemia, inflammation, oxidative stress, the production of hepatokines, and coagulations. In clinical trials, drug candidates for NAFLD management have displayed promising effects for the treatment of AS. In this review, we summarize the key molecular events and cellular factors contributing to the metabolic burden induced by NAFLD on AS, and discuss therapeutic strategies for the improvement of AS in individuals with NAFLD.
Detailed abundances in a sample of very metal-poor stars
Authors: François P. , Wanajo S. , Caffau E. , Prantzos N. , Aoki W. , Aoki M. , Bonifacio P. , Spite M. , Spite F.
Published: July 2020

Context. Unevolved metal-poor stars bore witness to the early evolution of the Galaxy, and the determination of their detailed chemical composition is an important tool to understand its chemical history. The study of their chemical composition can also be used to constrain the nucleosynthesis of the first generation of supernovae that enriched the interstellar medium.

Aims. We aim to observe a sample of extremely metal-poor star (EMP stars) candidates selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey data release 12 (SDSS DR12) and determine their chemical composition.

Methods. We obtained high-resolution spectra of a sample of five stars using HDS on Subaru telescope and used standard 1D models to compute the abundances. The stars we analysed have a metallicity [Fe/H] of between −3.50 and −4.25 dex.

Results. We confirm that the five metal-poor candidates selected from low-resolution spectra are very metal poor. We present the discovery of a new ultra metal-poor star (UMP star) with a metallicity of [Fe/H] = −4.25 dex (SDSS J1050032.34−241009.7). We measured in this star an upper limit of lithium (log(Li/H) ≤ 2.0. We found that the four most metal-poor stars of our sample have a lower lithium abundance than the Spite plateau lithium value. We obtain upper limits for carbon in the sample of stars. None of them belong to the high carbon band. We measured abundances of Mg and Ca in most of the stars and found three new α-poor stars.
Nonparametric galaxy morphology from UV to submm wavelengths
Authors: Baes Maarten , Nersesian Angelos , Casasola Viviana , Bianchi Simone , Cassarà Letizia P. , Clark Christopher J. R. , De Looze Ilse , Dobbels Wouter , Fritz Jacopo , Galametz Maud , Galliano Frédéric , Madden Suzanne C. , Mosenkov Aleksandr V. , Viaene Sébastien , Trčka Ana , Xilouris Emmanuel M.
Published: July 2020

We present the first nonparametric morphological analysis of a set of spiral galaxies from UV to submillimeter (submm) wavelengths. Our study is based on high-quality multi-wavelength imaging for nine well-resolved spiral galaxies from the DustPedia database, combined with nonparametric morphology indicators calculated in a consistent way using theStatMorphpackage. We measure the half-light radius, the concentration index, the asymmetry index, the smoothness index, the Gini coefficient, and theM20indicator in various wavebands from UV to submm wavelengths, and in stellar mass, dust mass, and star formation rate maps. We find that the interstellar dust in galaxies is distributed in a more extended, less centrally concentrated, more asymmetric, and more clumpy way than the stars are. This is particularly evident when comparing morphological indicators based on the stellar mass and dust mass maps. This should serve as a warning sign against treating the dust in galaxies as a simple smooth component. We argue that the nonparametric galaxy morphology of galaxies from UV to submm wavelengths is an interesting test for cosmological hydrodynamics simulations.
Study on Combustion Properties of Aviation Carpet under Low Ambient Pressure
Authors: Jia Xuhong , Yang Xiaoguang , Huang Song , Zhi Maoyong , Zhu Xinhua
Published: July 2020

The flame-retardant materials in the cabin of civil aircraft is possible to induce fire accident, which can cause certain threat to the operation safety of aircraft. The cabin pressure of civil aircraft is generally maintained at 75~84 kPa under normal transport condition, and the combustion behavior of aviation carpet will change under this pressure. Combustion properties of an aviation carpet, selected from civil aircraft, were studied at Guanghan City (520 m altitude) and Kangding airport (4290 m altitude), Sichuan province of China in this work, respectively. The results showed that the smoke density of the aviation carpets increased sharply and the decreasing rate of the oxygen volume fraction became more quickly under low pressure. Furthermore, the rising rate of carbon dioxide volume fraction also became rapidly with the decrease of the ambient pressure. The content of the carbon monoxide under low pressure was lower than that under normal pressure at the beginning of the combustion. However, the carbon monoxide production increased sharply when the combustion lasted for 4 minutes. In addition, the ignition time of the aviation carpet was shorter under low pressure.
Structural Reliability Algorithms of Kriging Model Based on Improved Learning Strategy
Authors: Hong Linxiong , Li Huacong , Peng Kai , Xiao Hongliang
Published: July 2020

Aiming at the problems of implicit and highly nonlinear limit state function in the process of reliability analysis of mechanical products, a reliability analysis method of mechanical structures based on Kriging model and improved EGO active learning strategy is proposed. For the problem that the traditional EGO method cannot effectively select points in the limit state surface region, an improved EGO method is proposed. By dealing with the predicted values of sample point model with absolute values and assume that the distribution state of response values remains the same, the work focus of active learning selection points is moved to the vicinity, where the points are with larger prediction variance or close to the limit state surface. Three examples show that, compared with the classical active learning method, the proposed method has good global and local search ability, and can estimate the exact failure probability value under the condition of less calculation of the limit state function.
Design of High Speed and Precision and Low-Power LVDS Driver for CMOS Image Sensor
Authors: Li Chuangze , Han Benguang , He Jie , Wu Longsheng
Published: July 2020

Aiming at the requirement of high speed and precision, low-power and large-capacity load of serial data interface for aerospace super large array(15k×15k) CMOS image sensor, a design scheme low voltage differential signal (LVDS) driver by combining the split-length method with the pre-emphasis technique is proposed. Firstly, comparing with the general design schemes, the present scheme uses the split-length compensation method to increase effectively the unity-gain bandwidth while keeping the op-amp gain constant. Secondly, the pre-emphasis technique is used to compensate the LVDS driver for high-frequency components to improve the driving capability of the capacitive load and high speed signal integrity (SI). The simulation results show that the accuracy of the common-mode feedback voltage is improved by using the split-length compensation method, and also the common-mode voltage changes below 15 mV. The pre-emphasis technique is used to enhance the amplitude of the high-frequency components lost during the high-speed transmission. The quality of the signal eye diagram during high-speed transmission reduces the bit error rate, and both the transmission rate and the driving load capacity are two times more than the general design (1.2 Gb/s@12 pF), and the quiescent current consumption is only 4.6 mA@12 pF. The present LVDS driver design is implemented in a typical CMOS process of 0.18 μm.
An Exact Dynamic Analysis Method for Shallow Sagged Cables
Authors: Cao Yi , Han Fei , Yang Kai , Zhang Yingluo
Published: July 2020

With the increase of the span and height of modern engineering structures, the design complexity of the cable structure is constantly increasing, whose dynamic problem has become the key to structural design, performance monitoring and maintenance, and vibration control. Therefore, it is necessary to study and develop a new dynamic analysis theory for complex cable system with higher calculation accuracy and efficiency to meet the requirements of exact analysis of engineering structures. In view of this, a novel dynamic analysis method for shallow sagged cable system is proposed in this paper based on the dynamic stiffness method. Since the derivation process is given in analytical form, the calculation accuracy and efficiency are promoted greatly. The numerical cases are used to verify the accuracy of the proposed dynamic analysis method, meanwhile, the simulation results show that the proposed method can overcome the "root missing" phenomenon when solving the frequency equation by the existing analytical method.
Decarboxylative Bromination of Heteroarenes: Initial Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Honey Mark A. , Patel Pritesh R. , Henderson Scott H. , Roe Mark S.
Published: July 2020

After an initial report from our laboratory describing metal-free decarboxylative halogenation of various azaheteroarenes, we set out to investigate the possible mechanism by which this chemistry occurs. Evidence from this mechanistic investigation suggests that this chemistry occurs via a radical pathway, with 1H NMR studies suggesting that the acidic substrates activate NBS.
A Pathological Clarification of Sepsis-Associated Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Based on Comprehensive Coagulation and Fibrinolysis Function
Authors: Onishi Tomoko , Nogami Keiji , Ishihara Takashi , Inoue Satoki , Kawaguchi Masahiko , Nishio Kenji , Fukushima Hidetada , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Amano Itsuto , Nishikubo Toshiya , Yamasaki Masaharu , Kasahara Masato , Shima Midori
Published: July 2020

Background The functional dynamics of coagulation and fibrinolysis in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) vary due to the pathology and severity of various underlying diseases. Conventional measurements of hemostasis such as thrombin–antithrombin complex, plasmin-α2-plasmin-inhibitor complex, and fibrinogen-fibrin degradation products may not always reflect critical pathophysiologic mechanisms in DIC. This article aims to clarify the pathology of sepsis-associated DIC using assessment of comprehensive coagulation and fibrinolysis.

Methods Plasma samples were obtained from 57 patients with sepsis-associated DIC at the time of initial diagnosis. Hemostasis parameters were quantified by clot-fibrinolysis waveform analysis (CFWA) and thrombin/plasmin generation assays (T/P-GA). The results were expressed as ratios relative to normal plasma.

Results CFWA demonstrated that the maximum coagulation velocity (|min1|) ratio modestly increased to median 1.40 (min − max: 0.10 − 2.60) but the maximum fibrinolytic velocity (|FL-min1|) ratio decreased to 0.61 (0 − 1.19). T/P-GA indicated that the peak thrombin (Th-Peak) ratio moderately decreased to 0.71 (0.22 − 1.20), whereas the peak plasmin (Plm-Peak) ratio substantially decreased to 0.35 (0.02 − 1.43). Statistical comparisons identified a correlation between |min1| and Th-Peak ratios (ρ = 0.55, p < 0.001), together with a strong correlation between |FL-min1| and Plm-Peak ratios (ρ = 0.71, p < 0.001), suggesting that CFWA reflected the balance between thrombin and plasmin generation. With |min1| and |FL-min1| ratios, DIC was classified as follows: coagulation-predominant, coagulation/fibrinolysis-balanced, fibrinolysis-predominant, and consumption-impaired coagulation. The majority of patients in our cohort (80.7%) were coagulation-predominant.

Conclusion A pathological clarification of sepsis-associated DIC based on the assessment of coagulation and fibrinolysis dynamics may be useful for the hemostatic monitoring and management of optimal treatment in these individuals.
Publics, technologies and interventions in reproduction and early life in South Africa
Authors: Manderson Lenore , Ross Fiona C.
Published: July 2020

Despite successful clinical interventions and maternal and child health monitoring for over a century, low and middle-income countries, including South Africa, continue to experience the quadruple burden of disease of high maternal mortality rates and poor infant and child health, non-communicable diseases, infectious diseases, and violence and injury. In this article, we focus on how different kinds of technologies in South Africa are implemented in the ‘first 1000 days’ from conception to early childhood. Some of these interventions, as we discuss, are lifesaving; others are conceptualised as preventing early and longer-term health problems, including cardiometabolic conditions into adulthood and in future generations. Here, we consider the use of routine and specialist technologies in reproduction and early life: scanning and monitoring in pregnancy, caesarean section, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for very low birth weight infants, and the Road to Health Booklet. Through this focus, we illustrate how ‘publics’ are constituted such that foetal and infant health outcomes are privileged over women’s health, reproductive rights, and public health safety.
Stability and instability results for coupled waves with delay term
Authors: Oliveira Rafael L. , Oquendo Higidio P.
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we consider a coupled system of two wave equations. One of these equations is conservative, and the other has damping and delay terms. If the damping acts with more force than the delay term, we show polynomial stability for strong solutions of the system. Explicit decay rates are found, and the optimality of those rates is discussed. On the other hand, if the damping acts with the same or less force than the delay term, then we obtain a result of instability by constructing a sequence of time delays and initial data such that the solutions are not asymptotically stable.
Focal-shape effects on the efficiency of the tunnel-ionization probe for extreme laser intensities
Authors: Ciappina M. F. , Peganov E. E. , Popruzhenko S. V.
Published: July 2020

We examine the effect of laser focusing on the effectiveness of a recently discussed scheme [M. F. Ciappina et al., Phys. Rev. A 99, 043405 (2019) and M. F. Ciappina and S. V. Popruzhenko, Laser Phys. Lett. 17, 025301 (2020)] for in situ determination of ultrahigh intensities of electromagnetic radiation delivered by multi-petawatt laser facilities. Using two model intensity distributions in the focus of a laser beam, we show how the resulting yields of highly charged ions generated in the process of multiple sequential tunneling of electrons from atoms depend on the shapes of these distributions. Our findings lead to the conclusion that an accurate extraction of the peak laser intensity can be made either in the near-threshold regime, when the production of the highest charge state happens only in a small part of the laser focus close to the point where the intensity is maximal or through the determination of the points where the ion yields of close charges become equal. We show that for realistic parameters of the gas target, the number of ions generated in the central part of the focus in the threshold regime should be sufficient for a reliable measurement with highly sensitive time-of-flight detectors. Although the positions of the intersection points generally depend on the focal shape, they can be used to localize the peak intensity value in certain intervals. Finally, the slope of the intensity-dependent ion yields is shown to be robust with respect to both the focal spot size and the spatial distribution of the laser intensity in the focus. When these slopes can be measured, they will provide the most accurate determination of the peak intensity value within the considered tunnel ionization scheme. In addition to this analysis, we discuss the method in comparison with other recently proposed approaches for direct measurement of extreme laser intensities.
Is acidification of samples for isotopic analysis of carbon and nitrogen necessary for shoreline marine species?
Authors: Pires-Teixeira Larissa M. , Neres-Lima Vinicius , Creed Joel C.
Published: July 2020

The acidification of samples for the simultaneous measurement of stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopes represents an important methodological question still not clarified because the removal of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) from samples may affect the outcome of the stable-isotope analysis. We investigated the effect of acidification on samples of 25 different taxa of benthic marine organisms from a rocky shore, to determine whether acidification affects the isotopic values of δ13C and δ15N. After washing with distilled water and drying, each sample was divided into two parts; one part was acidified by adding 1M HCl with a pipette, until no more CO2 was released, whereas the other part was retained as a non-acidified sample. Organisms with little CaCO3 showed no difference in carbon isotopic signatures after acidification, from those in the non-acidified part. Some organisms with a high CaCO3 content did show differences in carbon isotopic signatures after acidification. The nitrogen isotopic signature presented a significant difference; however, to what extent this difference is biologically important is discussed. Avoiding sampling parts containing a high concentration of carbonate is an efficient way to circumvent this problem. Acidification of samples as a pre-treatment for isotopic analysis is not useful for marine organisms without calcareous structures and is necessary only when the sampled parts contain significant amounts of carbonate.
Omission of a carbohydrate‐rich breakfast impairs evening endurance exercise performance despite complete dietary compensation at lunch
Authors: Metcalfe Richard S. , Thomas Matthew , Lamb Christopher , Chowdhury Enhad A.
Published: July 2020

Omission of a carbohydrate‐rich breakfast followed by consuming an ad libitum lunch impairs evening exercise performance. However, it is unclear if this is due to breakfast omission per se, or secondary to lower carbohydrate intake over the day. To test whether impaired evening performance following breakfast omission persists when complete dietary compensation occurs at lunch, in a randomised cross‐over design, eleven highly trained cyclists (age: 25 ± 7 y, VO2max: 61 ± 5 ml·kg−1·min−1) completed two trials: breakfast (B) and no breakfast (NB). During B, participants consumed an individualised breakfast (583 ± 54 kcal; 8–9am) and lunch (874 ± 80 kcal; 12–2pm), whilst during NB participants fasted until 12pm and then consumed a standardised lunch (1457 ± 134 kcal: 12–2pm). The overall energy (1457 ± 134 kcal) and macronutrient profile (carbohydrate: 81.5 ± 0.4%, fat: 5.8 ± 0.1%, protein: 12.7 ± 0.3%) was identical in both trials, with timing the only difference. Mean power output during a 20 km time trial performed in the evening was ~3% lower in NB compared to B (mean difference [95% CI]: −9.1 [−15.3, −2.9] watts, p < 0.01 for condition main effect). No differences in heart rate, blood glucose or blood lactate concentrations were apparent, but perception of effort appeared to be higher in the early stages of the time trial in NB compared to B despite lower power output. Impaired high‐intensity endurance performance in the evening following breakfast omission is related to meal timing rather than carbohydrate intake / availability. Provision of an early morning high‐carbohydrate meal should be considered to optimise evening exercise performance.
Looking at the Self in Society: Professional Perception and Midgroundable Roles in Community Theater
Authors: Visakko Tomi
Published: July 2020

The article looks at role socialization during a six-week community theater project for young adults lead by professional artists in Helsinki (2015–16). Using ethnographic data, the article examines the participants’ experimentation with photography-based and videography-based techniques, which are used to source materials from the participants’ own worlds of experience for the group’s collective creative project. The article suggests that such tasks, along with their instructional discussions, serve to introduce the participants to role-specific forms of “professional perception.” It is also argued that professional perception in the role of Artist functions in a distinctive “midgrounded” mode processing input from ongoing everyday experiences and activities in light of specific professional epistemologies. The process, then, involves significant changes in how the participants relate to their own identities and social environments.
Rate coefficient of CO2 splitting in recombining H2 and He plasmas with ultralow electron temperatures
Authors: Yamazaki Masahiro , Nishiyama Shusuke , Sasaki Koichi
Published: July 2020

We investigated CO2 splitting in recombining H2 and He plasmas with ultralow electron temperatures between 0.1 and 0.4 eV. The conversion from CO2 to CO and O2 was observed in the ultralow-temperature plasmas. Since the rate coefficients of dissociation of CO2 via electronic excited states are negligible at the ultralow electron temperature, the present experimental result gives us corroborative evidence of the CO2 splitting via vibrational excited states. The rate coefficient of the CO2 splitting, which was evaluated from the temporal variation of the CO2 density, decreased clearly with the electron temperature. In addition, the rate coefficient observed in the ionizing H2 plasma with an electron temperature of 4 eV was one order of magnitude smaller than that observed in the recombining plasmas. It has been shown that the CO2 splitting via vibrational excited states has a larger rate coefficient than that via electronic excited states.
Realization of both enhancement and depletion mode MOSFETs on GaN-on-Si LED epitaxial wafer
Authors: Piao Jinlong , Yan Jiabin , Li Jinjia , Wang Yongjin
Published: July 2020

In this letter, we propose, fabricate, and characterize both an enhancement mode (E-mode) and a depletion mode (D-mode) MOSFET on a standard LED epitaxial wafer based on silicon substrate for the first time. The devices are fabricated on the n-GaN layer or undoped-GaN layer of the LED epitaxial wafer by semiconductor manufacturing techniques. The working mode (E-mode or D-mode) of the device is dependent on the etching depths of the gate recess. The experiments show that the E-mode and D-mode MOSFETs possess a maximum output current density of 0.15 mA mm−1 and 4.6 mA mm−1 under the gate-to-source voltage of 8 V and drain-to-source voltage of 8 V, respectively. It is expected that such E-mode and D-mode MOSFETs achieved on GaN-on-Si LED epitaxial wafer should have potential applications in monolithic optical electronic integrated circuits.
The Learning Context Analysis System for Digital Textbook Service on Learning Cloud
Authors: Chung Kwang Sik
Published: July 2020

On previous e-learning environment, learners should learn by him/herself, decide the learning sequences and take examination, since there were no way for teachers to know what the learners do and how the learners do for their learn. That means that after teachers giving the learning contents, teachers could not interact with learners, as like off-line classes. From those reason, e-learning environment has many disadvantages compared with off-line learning environment from the view of education or learning efficiency.But, on digital textbook service environment developed by this research, basic learning devices are smartphone that supports interaction between learners, teachers and learning contents. With various kinds of sensors and environment of digital textbook service, digital textbook system could track and gather learner’s learning activity and learner’s personal learning information(learning history, learning assessment results, e-portfolio, etc.). In this paper, the learning analytic system is designed for extracting, classifying and accumulating various learning data of learners from the learner’s learning activities and from learner’s personal learning information(learning history, learning assessment results, e-portfolio, etc.). And analysis learning data can be used to decide learner states and can be useful to construct learning strategy of learning direction and learning assessment results. In this research, proposed learning analytic system collects learning data from previously proposed digital textbook service and virtual practice learning cloud, and extracts and analyses learners’ learning activity. With the proposed learning analytic system, personalized learning sequence and personalized learning contents could be delivered to learners by intelligent tutoring engine and the learning analytic system and learners’ learning interests and learning efficiency would increase.
Application Design and Implementation for Smart Kindergarten
Authors: Liu Jingrong , Liu Miao
Published: July 2020

The advent of the “Internet +” era has made the construction of smart kindergartens necessary. However, the reality is the information construction of kindergartens is relatively lagging behind. There are some problems such as low information literacy of kindergarten educators, lack of initiative to accept information technology, lack of interconnection and interoperability of existing application systems, which lead to difficulties in using information technology. It is suitable to adopt a hierarchical architecture. From bottom to top, the layers are: Smart perception layer, Network communication layer, Data storage and access layer, Smart application layer and User interaction Layer. All layers can be expanded in the future and provide service interfaces to the upper layer. Applications for smart kindergartens can be divided into Teaching, Internal management, Parents-kindergarten cooperation, and Social promotion. The Smart kindergarten application deployment architecture should use a hybrid architecture of public and private clouds, and interoperates with third-party platforms. The construction of smart kindergartens is a long-term process and should be implemented in phases.
Application of Time Series Model in Relative Humidity Prediction
Authors: Li Hongxiang , Yang Yang , Cheng Yifei , Jin Yan , Luo Huan , Zhang Liang
Published: July 2020

Relative humidity is the percentage of the vapor pressure in the air and the saturated vapor pressure at the same temperature. In the context of global climate change, accurate and reliable relative humidity prediction is of great significance in all fields. In this paper, taking the relative humidity data of Ya’an city, Sichuan province as an example, we used three methods, Holt-Winters, SARIMA and XGBoost to establish a time series model to predict relative humidity. We use the grid search and other methods for selecting the optimal parameters, the mean absolute error, mean square error and mean absolute percentage error as evaluation standard, the experimental results show that although the three model error is within an acceptable range, but XGBoost model predicted results are more accurate, better performance and stronger ability to resist a fitting, obviously better than the other two models, which can provide a reference for practical work.
Research on the Optimization Method of Regional Logistics Distribution Integration Based on Intelligent Information Processing
Authors: He Lin
Published: July 2020

At present, the integration method of logistics distribution does not exchange regional logistics distribution information, the related logistics distribution information is not timely understood, and the integration effect of regional logistics distribution is poor, resulting in long distribution time, high distribution cost and small distribution scope. Therefore, the intelligent information processing technology is introduced to optimize the regional logistics distribution integration method. This paper established a regional logistics distribution integration mechanism which is able to process logistics distribution integration information through hierarchical authorization, transform the business data between the upstream and downstream enterprises in the supply chain of the regional logistics canter and integrate vehicle resources and human resources to optimize regional logistics distribution based on intelligent information processing. Taking the distribution time, distribution cost and distribution distance as experimental indicators, the experiment is carried out. The results show that the logistics distribution time, cost and distance of the proposed integrated optimization method are better than those of the traditional methods.
Research on Forensics of Social Network Relationship Based on Big Data
Authors: Junjing Tian , Yan Bi , Jinqiang Ma
Published: July 2020

With the development of technologies such as big data, cloud computing, and mobile Internet, many cybercrimes have changed from the previous crime mode of single-person and single-machine to the crime mode of multi-person and multi-machine. Due to the popularity of mobile phones and various mobile terminal applications, many criminals often communicate with other members and commit crimes by mobile phones. Therefore, it is very important for the forensics of the electronic data in the instant communication tools. Much valuable information such as personal common contacts, chat content can be found in the mobile phone, which can help the investigators take the evidence of social network relationship and find many key clues. This paper expounds the forensics mode of social network relationship and the forensics process of mobile phones, and puts forward the forensics method of social network relationship based on Wechat platform, analyses the instance data set, obtains the social network diagram, and intuitively and clearly shows the relationship and intimacy between multiple members. The forensics of Social network relationship can help the investigation organizations narrow the scope of investigation and improve the efficiency of handling cases.
Research on Ammunition Simulation Method
Authors: Yong Sun , Jun Li , Kaijun Fan
Published: July 2020

This paper introduces a kind of ammunition simulation method. Based on this method, the ammunition simulation software is implemented. The software includes air to ground missile simulation model, bomb simulation model and rocket simulation model. The simulation model of air-to-ground missile simulates the ballistic model of air-to-ground missile and the process of flying, searching and finding targets, hitting targets, damaging equipment and personnel, etc. The bomb simulation model simulates the ballistic model of the bomb and the process of flying, hitting and damaging the target. The rocket simulation model simulates the rocket trajectory model and the process of flying, hitting and damaging the target. In this paper, the motion equation, coordinate transformation formula, data interface and hit damage algorithm of ammunition are introduced in detail. The method of ammunition simulation not only considers the relevant elements of the whole process of ammunition simulation, but also is convenient for software realization and rapid simulation.
Research and Design of Wireless Network Time Synchronization Module Based on IEEE1588 Protocol
Authors: Shan Feilong , Yu Jianguo , Wang Zhifang , Li Kaile , Dong Junguo
Published: July 2020

Wireless network systems have many problems, such as low data transmission rates, limited coverage, limited measurement node capacity, and low time synchronization accuracy, especially the millisecond-level time synchronization accuracy can no longer meet the needs of the market.Therefore, it is urgent to find a more accurate time synchronization technology solution. At the same time, the accuracy of the time synchronization of the IEEE1588 protocol in a distributed wired network can reach the nanosecond level, so it is extremely important to introduce it into a wireless network to achieve more accurate time synchronization in the wireless network. This paper is the research and design of high-precision time synchronization module for wireless network based on IEEE1588 protocol. It mainly uses ARM + FPGA + WLAN structure to design time synchronization module. According to the actual test of the module, it can be known that the time synchronization accuracy that the wireless network time synchronization mode can achieve is as high as 150ns, which can fully meet the needs of the wireless market for time synchronization accuracy.