bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Struktur Mikro pada Baja St 60 Hasil Perlakuan Hardening dengan Menggunakan Variasi Media Pendingin
Authors: Tsamroh Dewi Izzatus , Agus Dwi Putra  , Jibril Maulana
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis struktur mikro baja ST 60 setelah perlakuan pengerasan (hardening) dengan menggunakan variasi media pendingin. Baja ST 60 dipilih karena aplikasinya yang luas dalam industri konstruksi dan mesin, yang membutuhkan sifat mekanik tinggi seperti kekerasan dan ketangguhan. Proses hardening dilakukan dengan memanaskan baja hingga suhu austenisasi (850–900°C), diikuti dengan pendinginan cepat menggunakan tiga media berbeda, yaitu air, oli, dan larutan garam. Struktur mikro hasil perlakuan dianalisis menggunakan mikroskop optik untuk mengidentifikasi fasa-fasa yang terbentuk, seperti martensit, ferit, dan perlit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi media pendingin memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap struktur mikro dan sifat mekanik baja ST 60. Pendinginan menggunakan air menghasilkan pembentukan martensit yang lebih dominan, meningkatkan kekerasan namun berpotensi menyebabkan retakan. Pendinginan dengan oli menghasilkan struktur campuran martensit dan perlit dengan kekerasan sedang serta retakan yang lebih minim. Sementara itu, pendinginan dengan larutan garam memberikan hasil serupa dengan air, namun dengan distribusi martensit yang lebih seragam. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa pemilihan media pendingin yang tepat sangat penting untuk mengoptimalkan sifat mekanik baja ST 60 sesuai kebutuhan aplikasinya.
The Relationship Between the Perception of Fixed Orthodontic Appliance Usage and Interest in Malocclusion Treatment Among Students
Authors: Puspitasari Yustisia , Chotimah Chusnul , Salim Andi Nur Annisa
Published: December 2024

Orthodontic care needs are increasing and also vary; in addition to the demand need for maintenance, there are socioeconomic factors and the availability of maintenance services. Perceptions regarding the use of simplified orthodontic devices from aesthetic aspects are generally the primary motivation of patients to carry out malocclusion treatment. In orthodontic treatment, perception can be seen from the aesthetic and functional aspects. Orthodontic comes from the word ortho, which in Greek means normal, straight, or correct, while dontos means teeth. Background Orthodontic care is the need to improve the health of the oral cavity, oral cavity function, and personal appearance. The success of orthodontic care not only depends on the ability and technique used but is influenced by the interest and motivation factors of the patient himself/herself. Most individuals who carry out orthodontic care are usually driven by personal care related to appearance and aesthetics. Most malocclusion has an effect on a person's self-image. Therefore, orthodontic treatments must be able to improve the individual aesthetic. The research objective is to find out the correlation between the perception of the use of simplified orthodontic devices and the interest in Malocclusion Care for FKG students of the Universitas Muslim Indonesia. This research was descriptive quantitative research using cross-sectional data. The statistical test used was the Chi-Square test. The sample in this study consisted of 121 samples. Data analysis was tested using a chi-square test with a degree of meaning α = 0.05. The statistical analysis results show that the value of P 0.419 then HA is unaccepted, which means there is no correlation between the perception of the use of Orthodontic device and interest in the treatment of malocclusion. There is no correlation between the perception of using the Orthodontic Device and Malocclusion Care in FKG students of the Universitas Muslim Indonesia.
Efficiency analysis of correction method of methodical error of distributed automatic system of sound artillery intelligence on the basis of cellular communication
Authors: Kochan Roman , Lozynskyi Vasyl , Snitkov Kostiantyn
Published: December 2024

In this article, the topical problem of determining the effectiveness of the method of correcting the methodological error of the distributed automatic sound artillery reconnaissance system (SAR) is considered. The information on deviation of values of methodical error obtained during application of the mentioned method from ideal values, which were obtained by means of computer modelling, was compared. The non-excluded measurement error of the target direction angle was used as a measure to evaluate the effectiveness of the correction. Consideration of the dependence of this error on the distance to the target determines the conclusion that the error value is inversely proportional to the ratio of the distance to the target to the length of AB.The results of the comparison showed a significant deviation of the values in cases where the sound receiver of the SAR system is located close to the sound signal source. The latter can often happen in SAR systems built on the basis of cellular communication. The existing methodology for correcting the methodological error of obtaining the angle of direction of the target was analysed. To assess the effectiveness of the correction method for various initial data, a "non-excluded" error of measuring the angle of direction of the target was used.
In order to determine the effectiveness of the proposed method of methodical error correction, it is proposed to apply simulation modeling. The results of computer modeling, which justify the need to use more accurate methods of calculating the error with the use of specialized computing tools, are also presented.
The proposed research results can be applied to estimate the error of target coordinate measurement results using the SAR system for targets installed close to sound receivers. This assessment can be used as a criterion for selecting both coordinates for installing sound receivers of the distributed system of SAR, and adapting the signal processing algorithm of these sound receivers.
Development of the suspension system and their potential in improving the tactical and technical characteristics of armored combat vehicles
Authors: Duschenko Vladyslav , Nanivskyi Roman
Published: December 2024

This article analyzes the improvement of the main indicators of mobility and reduction of energy losses in the damping devices of armored fighting vehicles, and also presents the use of friction shock absorbers instead of hydro shock absorbers.  Increasing the protection indicators with the help of traditional measures leads to an increase in the weight of the AFV, which reduces the average speed of the vehicle on the ground and increases the likelihood of its defeat on the battlefield. The issues of ensuring compliance and coordination of the characteristics of the recuperation system with the characteristics of the required damping in the suspension system, which exerts an impact, reducing the probability of hitting the striking elements by ensuring high mobility, maneuverability and evasion of the hull, are considered.
The functional relationship between the improvement of the suspension system, the mutual agreement of its characteristics with the characteristics of the weapon complexes, power plant and transmission and the improvement of the indicators of the main groups of tactical and technical characteristics of armored fighting vehicles has been established. Based on the analysis of development trends, the potential was assessed and the main directions of the development of the suspension system were formulated, which will fundamentally affect the fulfillment of modern and promising operational and tactical requirements and will lead to a significant increase in the tactical and technical characteristics of armored fighting vehicles. These are: the use of hydropneumatic suspensions, the introduction of non-traditional control systems for the characteristics of suspension nodes based on the use of "intelligent" materials, in particular magnetorheological elastomers, the use of friction shock absorbers and new kinematic suspension schemes with significantly increased dynamic travel, as well as the use of energy recovery systems of suspension damping devices.
Methods of active learning and digital information and communication technologies for studying engineering special disciplines
Authors: Stadnichuk Olena , Baranov Yurii , Karshen Andrij , Nados Valeriy , Protsiuk Roman , Kropyvnytska Lilia , Prokhor Dmytro
Published: December 2024

Today's challenges require different knowledge, skills, abilities, critical thinking and encourage the search for new approaches to educate the new generation. One of these approaches is a combination of digital information and communication technologies (DICT) and active learning technologies (ALT) focused on the cadet's personality, which increase the effectiveness of learning and allow cadets to improve professional, linguistic, information, technological and other competencies, develop initiative and the ability to independently obtain information, generate ideas and generalize experience. The formation of an educational environment aimed at developing leadership skills, intellectual and professional growth of a cadet's personality, ready to adapt to changing challenges, is relevant and in demand, especially in the context of the russian-Ukrainian war. The purpose of the study is to identify the benefits and risks that teachers face when choosing ALT and DICT, ways to implement them, evaluate their effectiveness, and analyze the possibility of their integration into the educational process of cadets. The relationship between cadets' learning styles and teaching technologies in special engineering disciplines is analyzed. The importance of choosing active learning technologies depending on the learning style of cadets is determined. The attitude of cadets and teachers to DICT, increasing the share of their use in the classroom are investigated and the predictors of DICT adoption are determined. The possibility of introducing ALT on the basis of problem-based learning into the educational process of the National Academy was evaluated, which showed high positive results, calculated both by the average performance of cadets in the experimental group, where elements of problem-based learning (joint and group learning, choosing a way to solve a problematic issue, group discussions, solving complex situational tasks) were used and by the size of the effect of the proposed ALT. The introduction of ALT and DICT stimulates interest in engineering specialty disciplines, increases the involvement and acquisition of expert attitude to the disciplines by cadets, and raises professional training to a new level. The main direction of further research should be aimed at finding new and improving the proposed active learning technologies that will contribute to the cognitive development of the cadet, taking into account the requirements of today.
The Effect of Self-Awareness and Problem-Solving Skills Training Based on Edugames on Burnout in Midwives
Authors: Novita Novita , Lindayani Linlin , Mutiar Astri , Darmawati Irma
Published: December 2024

Aims: This study aimed to determine the effect of edugame-based self-awareness and problem-solving skill training on burnout in midwives.
Methods: The study used a repeated measurement-quasi-experiment design in a hospital in Bekasi, West Java, with 120 midwives in both groups.
Results: Emotional exhaustion (Eta = 0.05, p = 0.443), depersonalization, (Eta = 0.03, p = 0.718) and personal accomplishment scores (Eta = 0.08, p = 0.694) did not change significantly in the control group. At the same time, interventions reduced the total score of emotional exhaustion (Eta = 0.26, p = 0.001), depersonalization (Eta = 0.20, p = 0.010), and personal accomplishment (Eta = 0.35, p = 0.001).
Conclusions: Midwives were more likely to accept their emotional exhaustion after intervention, were able handle depersonalization and performed personal accomplishment. The study underscores the significance of midwives' self-awareness and problem-solving skills in identifying burnout symptoms, advocating for change, and providing necessary support services.
Методы обработки данных, полученных в линейных координатах, для геоинформационного обеспечения аэрокосмического мониторинга трубопроводных систем
Authors: Долгополов Даниил Валентинович , Мелкий Вячеслав Анатольевич , Аврунев Евгений Ильич
Published: December 2024

Цель работы – разработка математического алгоритма, позволяющего преобразовывать систему линейных координат, используемую при определении положения характерных точек оси трубопровода, в пространственную прямоугольную координатную систему, которая необходима для актуализации результатов обследования трубопровода наземными методами с применением данных дистанционного зондирования Земли, полученных с использованием GNSS-технологий. Актуальность разработки такого алгоритма обусловлена необходимостью позиционирования дефектов трубопроводов, обнаруженных соответствующим наземным измерительным технологическим средством в линейной координатной системе, в геопространство трубопроводной системы. Основным элементом и достоинством алгоритма является наличие компонента, обеспечивающего возможность выполнения оценки точности наземных измерений в линейной координатной системе с результатами, полученными из GNSS-технологий. Реализация предлагаемого алгоритма позволит получать качественную и достоверную информацию о состоянии технологических компонентов трубопроводной системы. Основные источники информации – сведения из открытых литературных источников о методах построения системы линейных координат и способах преобразования линейных координат в геодезические. Апробирование методов выполнялось с применением ГИС-технологий. Выполненные теоретические исследования позволили разработать математический алгоритм преобразования линейной координатной системы в пространственную прямоугольную с контролем точности получаемых результатов.
Mitigasi Perubahan Iklim pada Budidaya Tanaman Cabe Besar di Desa Lalombonda Kecamatan Amonggedo Kabupaten Konawe
Authors: Hadini Hamirul , Azhar Bafadal  , Robiatul Adawiah  , La Ode Alwi  , Andi Awaluddin  , Ilian Elvira
Published: December 2024

Farmers in Lalombonda Village often face low chili productivity due to suboptimal water and soil management. Rapid soil drying and inefficient irrigation systems lead to reduced yields and increased production costs. This community service project aims to assist farmers in improving chili productivity through the application of organic mulch and sprinkler irrigation systems. The methods used include socialization, technical training, and assistance in implementing the technology among farmer groups. Organic mulch was applied to maintain soil moisture and reduce water evaporation, while sprinklers were used to distribute water evenly and efficiently. The results of the project showed that farmers in Lalombonda Village were enthusiastic about participating in the training, understood the concepts, and were ready to implement organic mulch and sprinkler irrigation technology on their chili crops. This method has a significant impact on increasing water-use efficiency, reducing production costs, and improving chili yields. The direct impact on farmers includes increased average income per growing season, reduced labor associated with manual irrigation, and enhanced knowledge of modern agricultural technologies. This community service project is expected to provide a sustainable solution to improve the welfare of farmers in Lalombonda Village and surrounding areas.
Optimalisasi Kesuksesan Ibu Dalam Menyusui Melalui Paket Edukasi “BREAST”
Authors: Lestaluhu Viqy , Meilany Laisouw  , Siska Febrina Fauziah
Published: December 2024

Breast milk is an ideal source of nutrition to support the growth and development of infants. In 2021, the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in Maluku reached only 49.9%, a decline compared to the previous year's 76.9%. One of the reasons for not meeting the target was the lack of education for pregnant women regarding the importance of exclusive breastfeeding. This low exclusive breastfeeding coverage has contributed to an increase in the prevalence of malnutrition among toddlers in Maluku. Exclusive breastfeeding plays a crucial role in preventing stunting in toddlers by up to 30.1%, making it essential to ensure that children's nutritional needs are met. Several factors influencing breastfeeding include knowledge, social and cultural factors, economic conditions, physiological factors, and education from healthcare professionals. To address this issue, education on breastfeeding from healthcare workers is necessary. This community service activity involved conducting training using the "BREAST" educational package for breastfeeding mothers and practicing breast care using a phantom model in Morella Village, Leihitu Subdistrict, Central Maluku Regency, in September 2024. The results of this community service activity showed an increase in understanding of breastfeeding and improved skills in breast care.
Financial Literacy, Technology, Competitive Advantages and Implications to MSMEs Performance
Authors: Desmiyawati Desmiyawati , Susilatri Susilatri , Ramaiyanti Sinta
Published: December 2024

Purpose – This study aims to analyze the effect of the application of financial literacy and technology on the competitive advantage and performance of MSMEs in the Riau Region.
Methodology – The population consists of 341,695 MSMEs, and the sample size of 400 MSMEs is determined using Slovin Formula. The data used is primary data, in which respondents will be given questionnaires and interviews will be conducted with several MSMEs actors.
Results – In light of the analysis conducted using SEM-PLS, it was determined that financial literacy, technology, and competitive advantage affect the performance of MSMEs in the Riau Region. Financial literacy and technology influence the competitive advantage of MSMEs in the Riau Region. The connection between technology and financial literacy to performance is mediated by competitive advantage.
Originality – The study model was developed by adding Financial Literacy as an exogenous variable and competitive advantage as a mediating variable influencing company performance.
Etimologia como análise do som: um estudo da variação terminológica de aves do Pantanal
Authors: Delmond Thierry , Teixeira William , Benites da Silva Maristela
Published: December 2024

Este estudo investiga a variação socioterminológica dos nomes de aves do Pantanal cuja etimologia faz referência a uma descrição do som produzido pela ave, seja essa descrição onomatopeica ou de outra natureza. Fundamentado na teoria da motivação linguística e nos princípios da lexicologia e da terminologia, o trabalho analisa uma amostra de um corpus de 82 nomes vernaculares e populares de aves coletados em fontes lexicográficas, ornitológicas e também entrevistas orais com as diferentes comunidades pantaneiras. A metodologia empregada combina pesquisa documental, análise etimológica e consulta a especialistas. Os resultados revelam uma rica variedade de processos linguísticos por trás da criação desses termos, incluindo onomatopeias, descrições de sons, metáforas e empréstimos linguísticos. O estudo contribui para uma melhor compreensão da interface entre linguagem, percepção sonora e nomenclatura ornitológica na região do Pantanal.
Follicular fluid and plasma lipidome profiling and associations towards embryonic development outcomes during ART treatment
Authors: Jiang Yingxin Celia , Che Qi , Lu Xinmei , Liu Miao , Ye Yao , Cao Xiang , Li Xushuo , Zhan Yanxia , Dong Xi , Cheng Yunfeng , O’Neill Christopher
Published: December 2024

Introduction

It is well acknowledged that lipids assume a critical role in oocyte maturation and early embryonic metabolism, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the lipid composition of plasma and follicular fluid (FF), and the consequences of embryonic development. This study compared the lipidomic profiles of paired plasma and FF samples obtained from sixty-five Chinese women who underwent assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatments.

Methods

Non-targeted lipidomics analysis.

Result

Results not only indicated similarities in lipid composition between these biofluids, but also revealed a number of unique differences. The biomatrix distinction was found to be primarily driven by lipids belonging to the lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), ether PE, and triglyceride (TG) classes. In addition, specific species from these subclasses were discovered to be correlated with embryo development outcomes during ART. Notably, the composition of the fatty acyl chains appeared to play a crucial role in these associations. Furthermore, thirteen plasma lipid variables were identified, represented by Phosphatidylcholine 18:014:0 and PE P-18:020:1, which correlated with successful blastocyst formation (BF).

Discussion

The present study demonstrated that FF has a distinctive lipid composition, setting it apart from plasma; and the association observed with embryonic development underscored an important role of lipid composition in the healthy development of oocytes.
A multivariate soil temperature interval forecasting method for precision regulation of plant growth environment
Authors: Yin Hang , Wu Zeyu , Huang Zurui , Luo Yiting , Liu Xiaohan , Peng Xiaojiang , Li Qiang
Published: December 2024

Foliage plants have strict requirements for their growing environment, and timely and accurate soil temperature forecasts are crucial for their growth and health. Soil temperature exhibits by its non-linear variations, time lags, and coupling with multiple variables, making precise short-term multi-step forecasts challenging. To address this issue, this study proposes a multivariate forecasting method suitable for soil temperature forecasting. Initially, the influence of various environmental factors on soil temperature is analyzed using the gradient boosting tree model, and key environmental factors are selected for multivariate forecasting. Concurrently, a point and interval forecasting model combining the Neural Hierarchical Interpolation for Time Series Forecasting (N-HiTS) and Gaussian likelihood function is proposed, providing stable soil temperature forecasting for the next 20 to 120 minutes. Finally, a multi-objective optimization algorithm is employed to search for optimal initial parameters to ensure the best performance of the forecasting model. Experiments have demonstrated that the proposed model outperforms common models in predictive performance. Compared to Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model, the proposed model reduces the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) for forecasting soil temperatures over the next 20, 60, and 120 minutes by 0.065, 0.138, and 0.125, respectively. Moreover, the model can output stable forecasting intervals, effectively mitigating the instability associated with multi-step point forecasts. This research provides a scientific method for precise regulation and disaster early warning in facility cultivation environments.
Revolutionizing Patient Care: A Comprehensive Review of Recent Advances in Flexible Printed Heaters for Wearable Medical Applications
Authors: Nemomssa Hundessa Daba , Bossuyt Frederick , Vandecasteele Bjorn , De Pauw Herbert , Gidi Netsanet Workneh , Bauwens Pieter
Published: December 2024

Recent developments in flexible printed heaters (FPHs) for wearable thermal applications, driven by the advancement of printed electronics, show great promise in revolutionizing patient care through the development of wearable flexible heaters for medical applications. Wearable heaters with high thermal stability, heat uniformity, safety, flexibility, comfort, biocompatibility, biodegradability, recyclability, and power efficiency are desirable for standalone medical thermotherapy applications. This paper reviews recent advancements in the design of FPHs for wearable thermal applications. Materials used in the FPHs, fabrication methods, design considerations, temperature control mechanisms, medical applications, and performance analysis of specific FPHs are all thoroughly discussed. Materials used in FPHs, such as conductive and substrate materials, receive special attention along with the heater design parameters. Additionally, the paper addresses the challenges and future directions for the advancement of FPHs in wearable medical applications.
Influential Theories of Economics in Shaping Sustainable Development Concepts
Authors: Sunny Faruque As , Jeronen Eila , Lan Juping
Published: December 2024

This study explores the pivotal role of theories of economics in shaping the multifaceted concept of sustainable development and integrates economic, social, and environmental dimensions. It traces the intellectual trajectory of classical, neoclassical, and contemporary economic paradigms, analysing their contributions to sustainability-oriented policies and practices. The study critically analyses key concepts, including equitable income redistribution, resource stewardship, and ecological preservation. It contrasts liberal and dependency theories while also comparing insights from environmental and ecological economics. Employing a rigorous literature review and comparative analytical methodology, the study bridges the theoretical foundations with real-world applications, illustrating the dynamic interplay between theories of economics and sustainability imperatives. The findings elucidate the dichotomy between weak and strong sustainability frameworks, advocating for ethical and interdisciplinary approaches to policymaking. By offering a comprehensive synthesis of the most influential theories of economics and sustainable development practices, this study provides profound insights for policymakers, academics, and practitioners seeking to address pressing global challenges through informed and integrative strategies.
Sculpting Leadership on Employees’ Craft: The Conceptual Framework and Measure of Crafting Leadership
Authors: Santarpia Ferdinando Paolo , Borgogni Laura , Cantonetti Giulia , Brecciaroli Sara
Published: December 2024

Organizations are questioning the effectiveness of one-size-fits-all leadership approaches in managing and developing employees. This article proposes that leaders can support employees in crafting their work experience. By integrating the behavioral domains conducive to job crafting, the Michelangelo model and the leadership for organizational adaptability framework, we introduce the crafting leadership model—a behavioral style where leaders adapt their behaviors to employees’ characteristics to co-construct their fit at work and foster the development of both people and organizations—providing a conceptual foundation for identifying its key behavioral facets and highlighting its unique value compared to existing leadership styles. We developed and validated a questionnaire using structural equation modeling. In Study 1 (N = 2137) and Study 2 (N = 1507), the questionnaire was tested for factor structure, reliability, discriminant, and predictive validity. The results supported a higher-order structure of crafting leadership, underlying three distinct behavioral facets: tailoring, person–organization alignment, and catalyst. Results revealed that crafting leadership (a) was distinct from strength-based, servant, and transformational leadership and (b) correlated with and explained additional variance in employee outcomes, namely needs–supplies fit, meaningful work, job-crafting behaviors, work engagement, and turnover intentions. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Strategies for the Promotion of Regenerative Tourism: Hospitality Communities as Niches for Tourism Innovation
Authors: Miedes-Ugarte Blanca , Flores-Ruiz David
Published: December 2024

Regenerative tourism has emerged as a critical evolution from traditional approaches to sustainable tourism, which have proven insufficient to address contemporary environmental, social, and economic challenges. This study examines the case of ‘Aves de la Sierra’ in Huelva, Spain, a pioneering initiative that integrates ecosystem regeneration and community revitalisation as the core of its regenerative tourism proposal. Through the analytical theoretical framework of the Multi-Level Change Perspective (MLP) and transformative innovation, it analyses how local communities consolidate themselves as niches of innovation in regenerative tourism, autonomously managing their resources and narrative. The results of this action research process reveal a number of findings that can serve as a starting point for the dynamisation and development of other regenerative tourism experiences. These include the need for public policies aimed at strengthening these innovation niches through collaborative networks, organisational learning, and adequate funding. This article also contributes to narrowing the gap between theory and experience in regenerative tourism.
Meat-Producing Ability of Two Autochthonous Chicken Breeds Under Traditional and Semi-Intensive Conditions
Authors: Gáspárdy András , Bélley Rita , Barta Ildikó
Published: December 2024

The old Hungarian poultry breeds are the hidden reserves of the Carpathian Basin’s agriculture. The aim of this study was to examine the slaughter weight, carcass merit, and certain meat properties of two of them: the Partridge-colored Hungarian Chicken (PC) and the White Transylvanian Naked-neck Chicken (TN) under semi-intensive and traditional fattening conditions. Test slaughtering of chickens was conducted at 12th and 18th weeks of age. The eviscerated body weight (and the weight of cuts) of the PC (1140 g) and the cockerels of both breeds (1148 g) was larger than that of TN (878 g) and pullets (870 g). The farming system did not influence the carcass composition. At the same time, the pullets were characterized with larger values (p < 0.001) in regards to, for example, the breast–whole leg (0.81:1), breast fillet–thigh fillet (1.29:1), breast fillet–breast bone proportion (2.40:1) in comparison to the cockerels (0.7:1, 1.10:1 and 2.17:1, respectively). Examinations of meat quality revealed that the pH-value of the thigh (5.73 vs. 5.83) and breast meat (6.21 vs. 6.43) of the PC was significantly lower. However, the lightness (L*) of breast fillet was higher (55.2) than that in the TN (49.9). In addition, the yellowness (b*) value of the breast meat and breast skin was significantly higher in the PC, but the redness (a*) of the breast skin was higher in the TN. Results showed that the farming system affects these values, too. Accordingly, the yellowness (b*) of breast meat, breast skin, thigh meat, and thigh skin was significantly higher in the traditional group. The PC showed more satisfactory results in poultry production today. However, the reddish meat of the TN should be emphasized, which is excellent and appropriate in traditional agriculture. It is argued that the indigenous chicken breeds should be supported for the chicken meat trade regardless of their competitiveness.
STBNA-YOLOv5: An Improved YOLOv5 Network for Weed Detection in Rapeseed Field
Authors: Tao Tao , Wei Xinhua
Published: December 2024

Rapeseed is one of the primary oil crops; yet, it faces significant threats from weeds. The ideal method for applying herbicides would be selective variable spraying, but the primary challenge lies in automatically identifying weeds. To address the issues of dense weed identification, frequent occlusion, and varying weed sizes in rapeseed fields, this paper introduces a STBNA-YOLOv5 weed detection model and proposes three enhanced algorithms: incorporating a Swin Transformer encoder block to bolster feature extraction capabilities, utilizing a BiFPN structure coupled with a NAM attention mechanism module to efficiently harness feature information, and incorporating an adaptive spatial fusion module to enhance recognition sensitivity. Additionally, the random occlusion technique and weed category image data augmentation method are employed to diversify the dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that the STBNA-YOLOv5 model outperforms detection models such as SDD, Faster-RCNN, YOLOv3, DETR, and EfficientDet in terms of Precision, F1-score, and mAP@0.5, achieving scores of 0.644, 0.825, and 0.908, respectively. For multi-target weed detection, the study presents detection results under various field conditions, including sunny, cloudy, unobstructed, and obstructed. The results indicate that the weed detection model can accurately identify both rapeseed and weed species, demonstrating high stability.
Effect of Foliar Application of Calcium and Salicylic Acid on Fruit Quality and Antioxidant Capacity of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in Hydroponic Cultivation
Authors: Sobczak-Samburska Anna , Pióro-Jabrucka Ewelina , Przybył Jarosław L. , Sieczko Leszek , Kalisz Stanisław , Gajc-Wolska Janina , Kowalczyk Katarzyna
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of foliar application of calcium and salicylic acid on improving the physicochemical quality, sensory quality and antioxidant potential of pepper fruits grown hydroponically in mineral wool substrate. Two sweet pepper varieties with red fruit type were used: block Aifos and elongated Palermo. Fruit quality was tested from four plant treatment combinations: (1) water (control), (2) calcium nitrate 0.7% (Ca), (3) salicylic acid 0.03% (SA), (4) calcium nitrate and salicylic acid combined (Ca+SA). Fruits of both varieties showed high concentrations of health-promoting constituents, including potassium, phosphorus, vitamin C (over 47 mg 100 g−1 of FW (fresh weight)), and carotenoids, with capsanthin being the most abundant (more than 1226 μg 100 g−1 of FW). The results of the sensory evaluation demonstrated that the attributes tested scores above 7 out of 10, indicating a high sensory quality. The antioxidant activity of pepper fruits was determined by three different methods: DPPH (method for measuring the antioxidant activity of DPPH), ABTS (method for measuring the antioxidant activity of ABTS) and TPC (total polyphenol content) and averaged more than 86%, 78% RSC (radical scavenging capacity) and almost 54 mg CE (catechin) 100 g−1 of FW for both cultivars, respectively. Fruit quality results were analysed using PCA (principal component analysis). The first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) explained almost 54% of the variation, highlighting the strong correlations of PC1 with dry matter content, soluble sugars, potassium, acidity and sensory characteristics of pepper fruit such as skin hardness and flesh firmness. The application of SA to peppers resulted in an increase in the carotenoid content of the fruit. Furthermore, a notable positive correlation was detected between total sugars and the sugar/acid ratio when Ca+SA was combined in both cultivars. Palermo fruit showed better quality parameters and higher antioxidant activity, making this sweet pepper variety particularly valuable in a health-promoting context.
Correction: Khalid et al. Real-Time Plant Health Detection Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks. Agriculture 2023, 13, 510
Authors: Khalid Mahnoor , Sarfraz Muhammad Shahzad , Iqbal Uzair , Aftab Muhammad Umar , Niedbała Gniewko , Rauf Hafiz Tayyab
Published: December 2024

Affiliation Revision [...]
Timing Matters: The Impact of Sowing Dates on Photosynthetic Traits and Biomass Accumulation in Hybrid Winter Wheat
Authors: Zhang Yulu , Li Wenlu , Zhu Zixin , Zhao Ludi , Duan Hongxiao , Ge Hongmei , Zhao Changxing
Published: December 2024

At present, the use of hybrids is becoming more and more widespread, and the study of its traditional cultivation methods also needs to pay attention to the combination of good seed and good methods to achieve maximum economic benefits. “Good seed” is selected from varieties with high production potential and strong resistance to stress. To investigate the effects of sowing dates on biomass accumulation and photosynthetic characteristics of hybrid winter wheat, this study was conducted over two growing seasons (2021–2023) using a hybrid variety, Jingmai 17, and a conventional variety, Jimai 22. Three sowing dates were tested: October 13 (D1), October 23 (D2), and November 2 (D3). Results indicated that Jingmai 17 had a larger leaf area per culm (LAC) post-anthesis, and a lesser variation in SPAD values throughout the middle and late irrigation phases, leading to enhanced photosynthetic performance and higher biomass accumulation at maturity. It outperformed Jimai 22 by approximately 10% in yield. The optimal sowing date (D2) allowed both varieties to maintain a favorable LAC, which supported higher SPAD values, net photosynthetic rates (Pn), and stomatal conductance (Gs) during late grain filling. Correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between post-anthesis biomass accumulation and yield, suggesting that increased accumulation at this stage underpins yield formation. Under D2 conditions, Jingmai 17 and Jimai 22 achieved yields of 9603.70 kg·ha−1, 9058.68 kg·ha−1 and 8785.44 kg·ha−1, 8294.89 kg·ha−1, respectively, which are 3.4%, 4.6% and 3.4%, 12.4% higher than under D1 conditions, respectively, and 10.7%, 12.4% and 12.8%, 14.5% higher than under D3 conditions, respectively. D1 had higher thousand-grain weight (TGW) but lower number of grains per unit area (GN); D3 had lower TGW, while the GN was not significantly higher, and D2 was effective in improving seed yield. Overall, Jingmai 17 demonstrated significant photosynthetic and yield advantages, maximizing yield potential through optimal interactions among spike number (SN), grain number per spike, and TGW at the October 23 sowing date.
Analysis of Soil Microbial Community Structure and Function in Morchella esculenta Habitats in Jilin Province
Authors: Yan Qi , Wang Peng , Liu Zhushan , Yu Ya , Tan Xiao , Huang Xiao , Wen Jiawei , Zhang Weidong
Published: December 2024

Morel mushrooms (Morchella spp.), a globally distributed edible and medicinal fungus, possess significant economic and nutritional values. This study investigated rhizosphere soil samples collected from wild Morchella esculenta in three regions of Jilin Province. Metagenome sequencing technology was employed to analyze the structure and function of the rhizosphere microbial communities. The results indicated significant differences in microbial community composition among the samples, with the bacterial community being dominant, followed by the archaeal community. Pseudomonadota and Nitrospirae emerged as the dominant phyla, while Bradyrhizobium and Nitrospira were the co-dominant genera. A correlation analysis of environmental factors revealed that the genera Luteibacter, Streptomyces, Micromonospora, Nocardia, Actinomadura, and Paenibacillus were positively correlated with soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and organic matter content. In contrast, Candidatus Nitrosocosmicus showed a significant positive correlation with rapidly available nutrients. The functional annotation analysis of soil microorganisms, based on the KEGG database, revealed that within level A (highest tier), metabolic activities were the most prominent. In contrast, at level B (secondary tier), global and overview maps, carbohydrate metabolism, and amino acid metabolism were dominant. Among the top 10 pathway-level annotations, metabolic pathways, the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and microbial metabolism in diverse environments were significant. Environmental factors and KEGG gene network maps indicated that the available potassium, available phosphorus, and pH were closely related to level A genes, which exhibited a higher abundance of metabolism genes. This study was dedicated to deepening the understanding of the structure and function of the rhizosphere microbial community of Morchella esculenta, and providing new perspectives and insights for habitat investigations, the development of biomimetic cultivation techniques, and the domestication of wild strains to Morchella esculenta in Jilin Province.
GsEXPA8 Enhances Soybean Tolerance of NaHCO3 Stress by Regulating Root Morphology
Authors: Liu Mengyu , Tang Jixiang , Ma Shengjie , Liu Yujing , Wang Xiaoyu , Du Xinlei , Sun Xiaohuan , Zeng Yucheng , Zeng Yulong , Ding Xiaodong , Han Yingpeng , Zhang Junfeng , Cao Lei
Published: December 2024

Saline–alkali environments restrict soybean production in China. Wild soybean genes can be used to improve the alkaline tolerance of cultivated soybean in molecular breeding. The expansin protein family promotes cell wall expansion. In this study, the relative expression levels of expansin family genes in wild soybean treated with 50 mM NaHCO3 were measured at 0, 3, 6, and 12 h, and the relative expression of GsEXPA8 was found to be higher at 12 h. Wild soybean was treated with abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA), and jasmonic acid (JA), and GsEXPA8 was found to respond to ABA and IAA signals. Sequence analysis shows that GsEXPA8 has DPBB_EXPA and expansin domains. Subcellular localization analysis shows that GsEXPA8 was localized in the cytoplasm in protoplasts and the cell membrane or wall in tobacco, indicating that it has nuclear membrane localization signals. GsEXPA8 overexpression reduced the malondialdehyde content in transgenic plants treated with NaHCO3 and increased peroxidase activity before treatment. After the transformation of soybean roots from hair roots, GsEXPA8 was found to be expressed in the outer root cells and promote the development of thicker, shorter roots, thereby improving the plant’s alkaline tolerance. Stable GsEXPA8 transformation improved saline alkaline tolerance via the regulation of the alkali stress-related genes GmKIN1, GmRD22, GmDnaJA6, GmNFYC1, and GmMYB14. These findings provide support for further research on alkali-tolerance regulation pathways and molecular breeding for alkali tolerance.
Effect of Phosphate Amendment on Cadmium Accumulation in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Grown in Geogenic Cd-Rich Soil from the Karst Region
Authors: Li Yuyang , Xing Dan , Wen Rong , Zhou Wangwang , Zhang Yongxiang , Liu Yizhang
Published: December 2024

Soil in the karst region usually features high geogenic cadmium (Cd) and limited available phosphorus (P). Appropriate phosphate amendment is crucial for alleviating Cd accumulation in food crops and reducing health risks. However, the interaction of Cd and P in geogenic Cd-rich soil-plant systems is poorly understood. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the translocation of Cd in the soil-pepper system under different amendment rates of Ca(H2PO4)2. The results showed that the biomass of pepper was not affected by the application rates of Ca(H2PO4)2, even up to 0.45 g/kg, but was affected by the application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers. High contents of total Cd (6.19 mg/kg) and bioavailable Cd (2.72 mg/kg, 44%) in the studied soils resulted in elevated Cd content in pepper, and it decreased in the order of root (8.18 mg/kg) > stem (4.89 mg/kg) > fruit (3.88 mg/kg). This indicates that pepper planted in the studied soils may present potential health risks. Furthermore, phosphate amendment neither influences the bioavailable Cd in rhizosphere soil nor Cd uptake and transport in pepper plants. The findings of this study highlight that monocalcium phosphate is not a suitable choice for reducing the accumulation of Cd in pepper fruits in the studied soil and that other remediation strategies are needed.
CaHY5 Mediates UV-B Induced Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Purple Pepper
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Mo Yunrong , Zhou Huidan , Li Mengjuan , Cheng Hong , Li Pingping , Zhang Ruihao , Huang Yaoyao , Wang Yanyan , Xu Junqiang , Liao Jingjing , Xie Qiaoli , Zhao Kai , Deng Minghua , Lv Junheng
Published: December 2024

Anthocyanins are important flavonoid compounds in plants that are associated with the color formation and antioxidant activity of flowers, fruits, and other organs. Ultraviolet B radiation (UV-B) is one of the key environmental factors that influence anthocyanin accumulation in plants and HY5 is involved in plant photomorphogenesis. However, the molecular mechanism of the signal network of UV-B regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in capsicum via HY5 remains unclear. In this study, we identified the transcription factor CaHY5, which mediates UV-B signaling, and demonstrated its regulatory role in anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). The results showed that there were photoresponsive and hormone-responsive elements on the CaHY5 promoter that responded to UV-B, indoleacetic acid, salicylic acid, 6-benzyladenine, abscisic acid, and melatonin treatments. UV-B treatment induced the expression of CaHY5 and anthocyanin structural genes. CaHY5 gene-silenced positive plants showed different degrees of the yellowing phenomenon, which affected the expression of the anthocyanin biosynthesis structural gene. The expression levels of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes in CaHY5-silenced positive plants increased considerably. This study provides insights into the role of CaHY5 in UV-B-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple pepper.
Development of Lettuce Growth Monitoring Model Based on Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Technology
Authors: Ju Jun , Zhang Minggui , Zhang Yingjun , Chen Qi , Gao Yiting , Yu Yangyue , Wu Zhiqiang , Hu Youzhi , Liu Xiaojuan , Song Jiali , Liu Houcheng
Published: December 2024

Crop monitoring can promptly reflect the growth status of crops. However, conventional methods of growth monitoring, although simple and direct, have limitations such as destructive sampling, reliance on human experience, and slow detection speed. This study estimated the fresh weight of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in a plant factory with artificial light based on three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction technology. Data from different growth stages of lettuce were collected as the training dataset, while data from different plant forms of lettuce were used as the validation dataset. The partial least squares regression (PLSR) method was utilized for modeling, and K-fold cross-validation was performed to evaluate the model. The testing dataset of this model achieved a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9693, with root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) values of 3.3599 and 2.5232, respectively. Based on the performance of the validation set, an adaptation was made to develop a fresh weight estimation model for lettuce under far-red light conditions. To simplify the estimation model, reduce estimation costs, enhance estimation efficiency, and improve the lettuce growth monitoring method in plant factories, the plant height and canopy width data of lettuce were extracted to estimate the fresh weight of lettuce in addition. The testing dataset of the new model achieved an R2 value of 0.8970, with RMSE and MAE values of 3.1206 and 2.4576.