bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“As long as the patient tells you it was a dog that bit him, why do you need to know more?” A qualitative study of how healthcare workers apply clinical guidelines to treat dog bite injuries in selected hospitals in Uganda
Authors: Kisaka Stevens , Makumbi Fredrick E. , Majalija Samuel , Kagaha Alexander , Thumbi S. M.
Published: July 2021

Dog-mediated rabies is on the increase in Uganda despite the availability of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). PEP procedures are expounded in the Uganda Clinical Guidelines (UCG) of 2016. We assessed adherence by health workers to UCG while managing dog bites in two PEP centers and obtained insights into motivations of their practices. Using qualitative methods, we observed the health worker-patient encounters, reviewed medical records, and interviewed 14 health workers that were involved in managing dog bite injuries. We used deductive thematic analysis to identify codes in themes developed from UCG. We found that much of the history of the bites was taken, but it was neither verified nor written down on the patient’s file. Classification of wounds was inaccurate and ancillary laboratory assessments like culture and sensitivity tests were not conducted in all cases. Although antibiotics were given for both treatment and prophylactic purposes, the prescription was based on availability and affordability, not UCG recommendations. Rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) was not administered to deserving patients due to unavailability and high costs to the patient. Anti-rabies vaccine (ARV) was prescribed indiscriminately and some health workers attributed this to pressure from patients. Health education regarding prevention of dog bites was not given to patients due to time constraints on the side of the providers as a result of high caseloads at the emergency departments. Challenges to adherence to guidelines were identified as frequent ARV stock outs; inadequate cooperation among health facilities; and insufficient knowledge and skills on how injuries and rabies should be managed. We conclude that clinical management of dog bites is not fully in line with UCG. We argue that adoption of an integrated bite case management and cost-saving strategies as well as continuing medical education programs on rabies control and management could improve the clinical management of dog bites.
What treatment and services are effective for people who are homeless and use drugs? A systematic ‘review of reviews’
Authors: Miler Joanna Astrid , Carver Hannah , Masterton Wendy , Parkes Tessa , Maden Michelle , Jones Lisa , Sumnall Harry
Published: July 2021

Background

People who experience homelessness and those vulnerably housed experience disproportionately high rates of drug use and associated harms, yet barriers to services and support are common. We undertook a systematic ‘review of reviews’ to investigate the effects of interventions for this population on substance use, housing, and related outcomes, as well as on treatment engagement, retention and successful completion.

Methods and findings

We searched ten electronic databases from inception to October 2020 for reviews and syntheses, conducted a grey literature search, and hand searched reference lists of included studies. We selected reviews that synthesised evidence on any type of treatment or intervention that reported substance use outcomes for people who reported being homeless. We appraised the quality of included reviews using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Systematic Reviews and Research Syntheses and the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles. Our search identified 843 citations, and 25 reviews met the inclusion criteria. Regarding substance use outcomes, there was evidence that harm reduction approaches lead to decreases in drug-related risk behaviour and fatal overdoses, and reduce mortality, morbidity, and substance use. Case management interventions were significantly better than treatment as usual in reducing substance use among people who are homeless. The evidence indicates that Housing First does not lead to significant changes in substance use. Evidence regarding housing and other outcomes is mixed.

Conclusions

People who are homeless and use drugs experience many barriers to accessing healthcare and treatment. Evidence regarding interventions designed specifically for this population is limited, but harm reduction and case management approaches can lead to improvements in substance use outcomes, whilst some housing interventions improve housing outcomes and may provide more stability. More research is needed regarding optimal treatment length as well as qualitative insights from people experiencing or at risk of homelessness.
Epicardial adipose tissue is associated with cardiorespiratory fitness and hemodynamics among Japanese individuals of various ages and of both sexes
Authors: Sugita Yousuke , Ito Katsuhiko , Sakurai Shigeki , Sakai Satoshi , Kuno Shinya
Published: July 2021

Epicardial adipose tissue may affect hemodynamics and cardiorespiratory fitness as it is a metabolically active visceral adipose tissue and a source of inflammatory bioactive substances that can substantially modulate cardiovascular morphology and function. However, the associations between epicardial adipose tissue and hemodynamics and cardiorespiratory fitness remain unclear. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the association between epicardial adipose tissue volume and hemodynamics, and cardiorespiratory fitness among Japanese individuals of various ages and of both sexes. Epicardial adipose tissue volume was measured in 120 participants (age, 21–85 years) by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. To evaluate cardiorespiratory fitness, peak oxygen uptake was measured by cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Peak cardiac output and arteriovenous oxygen difference were calculated by impedance cardiography. The epicardial adipose tissue volume was significantly increased in middle-aged and older women. The epicardial adipose tissue volume was significantly and negatively correlated to peak cardiac output and peak oxygen uptake, regardless of age and sex; furthermore, epicardial adipose tissue showed a strong negative correlation with peak heart rate. Epicardial adipose tissue and peak cardiac output were significantly associated (β = -0.359, 95% confidence interval, -0.119 to -0.049, p < 0.001), even after multivariate adjustment (R2 = 0.778). However, in the multiple regression analysis with peak oxygen uptake as a dependent variable, the epicardial adipose tissue volume was not an independent predictor. These data suggest that increased epicardial adipose tissue volume may be correlated with decreased peak oxygen uptake, which might have mediated the abnormal hemodynamics among Japanese people of various ages and of both sexes. Interventions targeting epicardial adipose tissue could potentially improve hemodynamics and cardiorespiratory fitness.
From governmentality to solidarity: George Drivas’ Laboratory of Dilemmas
Authors: Argyriou Anthi
Published: July 2021

In the context of current trends in contemporary art on migration, this article undertakes a close analysis of George Drivas’ installation Laboratory of Dilemmas (2017). It delineates the response this work offers to dominant discourses of the so-called ‘refugee crisis’ and explores how contemporary art can intervene critically in these discourses. In Laboratory of Dilemmas, Drivas articulates an audio-visual narrative in which the dilemma of accepting or rejecting the ‘foreign(er)’ is played out in two distinct registers: that of a biology experiment allegedly conducted in the 1960s and that of a millennia-old literary text, Aeschylus’ Suppliant Women. The analysis of the installation will answer the following questions: How do the themes of governmentality, biopolitics and hospitality come into play? In what ways does the artwork undermine the established ‘foreign’/‘native’ dichotomy and how does it foster a space of potentiality between incoming and local populations? Looking at the exemplary biopolitical setting of the artwork and taking stock of existing interpretations, I propose an alternative reading that sees the work overturning the governmentality paradigm in favour of a profoundly inclusive and relational perspective.
The Return of Pytheas: Scenes from British and Greek Poetry in Dialogue, Paschalis Nikolaou (2017)
Authors: Athanasopoulou Maria
Published: July 2021

Review of: The Return of Pytheas: Scenes from British and Greek Poetry in Dialogue, Paschalis Nikolaou (2017)

Bristol: Shearsman Books, 159 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-84861-567-0, p/bk, £12.95
Mia ‘Yperochos Nothos’ Techni: Poiitikes tis Fotografias (Teli 19ou–Arches 20ou Aiona)(A ‘Majestically Counterfeit Art’: Poetics of Photography [End of 19th–Beginning of 20th Centuries]), Kostas Ioannidis (2019)
Authors: Papargyriou Eleni
Published: July 2021

Review of: Mia ‘Yperochos Nothos’ Techni: Poiitikes tis Fotografias (Teli 19ou–Arches 20ou Aiona) (A ‘Majestically Counterfeit Art’: Poetics of Photography [End of 19th–Beginning of 20th Centuries]), Kostas Ioannidis (2019)

Athens: Futura, 325 pp.,

ISBN 978-9-60948-987-4, p/bk, €20.99
Heavy metal justice?: Calibrating the economic and aesthetic accreditation of the heavy metal genre in the pages of Rolling Stone, 1980–91: Part two 1986–911
Authors: Brown Andy R.
Published: July 2021

Drawing on a comprehensive sample, composed of album reviews, lead or feature articles and interviews, drawn from the RS archive, my research, in Part Two of this article, shows how heavy metal in the period 1986–91 acquires a notable level of critical or aesthetic legitimation, which it was largely denied in the preceding period, 1980–85. However, this aesthetic as opposed to economic accreditation is conferred on particular bands and album releases rather than the genre as a whole, particularly those emerging from the thrash underground, such as Metallica and Megadeth, with the former receiving their first lead feature in Rolling Stone in January 1989, entitled ‘Heavy metal justice’. It is therefore somewhat ironic that this aesthetic approbation reaches a symbolic plateau with Robert Palmer’s **** review of Metallica’s ‘black album’, an album that in retrospect can be seen to announce a ‘crossover’ strategy that allowed the band to find a wider audience beyond the thrash underground.
Ghostly longing: Tonality as grieving in Bell Witch’s Mirror Reaper
Authors: Hannan Calder
Published: July 2021

Mirror Reaper, by the funeral doom metal band Bell Witch, is an immense 83-minute composition in which tonal organization plays an essential role in enhancing and creating meaning. Little analytical attention has been paid to doom metal; armed with a flexible conception of theories of tonal harmony and my full transcription of the album, I show that slow, repetitive music and rich engagement with musical details are not mutually exclusive. I present an analysis in which the tonal drama centres around slowly shifting bass support for a persistent melody F natural. At first, this F appears as a dissonant ninth over an E♭, then as a hollow fifth above a B♭ and finally as a consonant major third above D♭. I understand this progression as a sonic analogue for the grieving process that, according to interviews with the band, is the album’s main focus.
Subcultures, Bodies and Spaces: Essays on Alternativity and Marginalization, Samantha Holland and Karl Spracklen (eds) (2018)
Authors: Béra Camille
Published: July 2021

Review of: Subcultures, Bodies and Spaces: Essays on Alternativity and Marginalization, Samantha Holland and Karl Spracklen (eds) (2018)

Bingley: Emerald Publishing Limited, 262 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-78756-512-8, h/bk, £68.99, ISBN 978-1-78756-511-1, e-book,
Análise histórica da evolução do consumo de álcool entre indígenas do Brasil: um processo individual, coletivo e étnico
Authors: Aguiar Euzelene Rodrigues
Published: July 2021

El consumo de bebidas alcohólicas en las culturas indígenas brasileñas se remonta a tiempos inmemoriales, cuyas prácticas etílicas tradicionales ya incluían la fermentación de frutas, cereales y raíces. Posteriormente, las bebidas destiladas fueron introducidas en la vida cotidiana a través de los procesos de pacificación y colonización. El análisis de la interfaz entre raza/etnia, género y salud parte de la investigación sobre el consumo de alcohol entre hombres y mujeres indígenas y propone un estudio interdisciplinar, favoreciendo la interlocución entre la Historia de la Ciencia y las Ciencias Sociales, con énfasis en la Psicología. El enfoque de la Psicología Social, específicamente, se debe a la íntima relación entre el consumo de alcohol y la interacción individuo-sociedad. El alcoholismo ha sido considerado como una enfermedad social generalmente presente en las clases populares en función de sus condiciones de vida, status, poder, costumbres, así como de su participación económica y política. En esta investigación se realizó un análisis del origen y evolución del consumo del alcohol entre indígenas en Brasil, considerándose aspectos históricos y socioculturales a partir de un contexto general hasta su realidad local. Desde la metodología histórica se optó por la Teoría Fundamentada (Grounded Theory), como método de investigación, a través de la realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas. El trabajo de campo fue realizado con bebedores indígenas de dos etnias; los Pataxó del extremo sur del estado de Bahía, de liderazgo masculino; y los Jenipapo-Kanindé del estado de Ceará, cuyo liderazgo es femenino. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue comprender la dimensión subjetiva de la acción de consumir bebidas alcohólicas entre hombres y mujeres indígenas de ambas etnias a partir de un estudio comparativo. Entre las principales conclusiones de este trabajo se verificó que en el caso de los Pataxó, al contrario que en sus celebraciones tradicionales, la conducta bebedora de muchos indígenas ya no se caracteriza por la festividad y socialización sino que se trata más bien de una actividad solitaria que generalmente ocurre en su ambiente doméstico. En lo que se refiere a los Jenipapo-Kanindé la socialización también se da a través del consumo de bebidas alcohólicas, en cuyo contexto las mujeres indígenas se asumen públicamente como bebedoras, indicando un empoderamiento femenino que se revela también a través de una mayor participación de aquellas en las instancias comunitarias de liderazgo y poder.
Yu Zhang
Authors: Giannini Marcelo , Della Bona Alvaro
Published: July 2021

Dr. Yu Zhang é Professor Titular do Departamento de Preventive and Resto- rative Sciences na Penn Dental Medicine. Ele obteve o título de doutor em Ciência de Materiais e Engenharia da Monash University, Austrália, em 2002. De 2002 a 2005, ele trabalhou como um pós-doutorando no Laboratório de Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais, Instituto Nacional de Padrões e Tecnologia, Gaithersburg, MD. Em fevereiro de 2005, o Dr. Zhang ingressou no Departamento de Biomate- riais e Biomimética do New York University College of Dentistry como Professor Assistente, onde foi promovido a Professor Titular em setembro de 2018.
REMOÇÃO DO TECIDO CARIADO: SELETIVA PARCIAL OU COMPLETA?
Authors: Machado Lucas Silveira , Anchieta Rodolfo Bruniera
Published: July 2021

Nesta edição da seção HighLIGHTS, abordaremos um tema de bastante relevância clínica: a remoção do tecido cariado. Embora seja um tema há muitos anos discutido e com muitas evidências à disposição, atualmente, alguns aspectos valem ser abordados com critérios mais rigorosos e atualizados com assiduidade para o clínico em geral. Assim, o objetivo deste levantamento atualizado do assunto é buscar as informações mais relevantes desse procedimento clínico que, por muito tempo, apenas se adotava como protocolo: a remoção total do tecido cariado. Hoje, sabe-se que muitas exposições pulpares poderiam ser evitadas caso fossem realizadas condutas mais criteriosas para a remoção seletiva do tecido cariado ou planos preventivos mais efetivos. Portanto, esses critérios devem ser amplamente discutidos. Sendo assim, reuniram-se alguns dos principais artigos científicos publicados na literatura que abordaram a remoção seletiva parcial ou completa do tecido cariado, para elaboração de um pensamento crítico e interpretativo das evidências disponíveis sobre esse assunto.
TRATAMENTO DO SORRISO GENGIVAL COM A TÉCNICA MODIFICADA DE REPOSICIONAMENTO LABIAL PARA CONTROLE DE RECIDIVA: RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Horn Renata Oliveira Ribeiro , Joly Júlio César
Published: July 2021

Introdução: O sorriso gengival é caracterizado pela excessiva exposição de gengiva durante o sorriso, podendo comprometer a harmonia da face. A técnica de reposicionamento labial cirúrgico, um método consagrado na cirurgia plástica reconstrutiva no campo médico, foi proposta para reduzir a parte interna da mucosa do lábio superior, limitando o livre movimento muscular, que é responsável pela exposição. Diante da instabilidade e morbidade da técnica tradicional da miectomia, surgiram os espaçadores aloplásticos (silicone) ou autógenos (cartilagem), para melhorar a estabilidade pós-cirúrgica. Para a abordagem do reposicionamento labial, destaca-se o fio de poliéster, um multifilamento trançado disponível em formas planas e revestidas. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente relato clínico foi apresentar uma nova técnica de reposicionamento labial com a utilização de fio de poliéster como barreira física para sustentar a estabilidade tecidual do procedimento combinado de reposicionamento com a miectomia. Conclusão: Os resultados e os benefícios clínicos alcançados permitem afirmar que a abordagem proposta se mostrou menos invasiva, com resultados estéticos satisfatórios e sem complicações ou recidiva pós-operatória.
COMO OTIMIZAR A ESTABILIZAÇÃO DOS EQUIPAMENTOS FOTOATIVADORES SOBRE RESTAURAÇÕES?
Authors: Shimokawa Carlos Alberto Kenji , Giannini Marcelo
Published: July 2021

Após discutirmos como a distância entre os equipamentos fotoativadores e os materiais resinosos pode influenciar no resultado final de restaurações, vamos discutir como a estabilização dos equipamentos sobre os materiais restauradores também é fundamental para uma polimerização eficiente. Os materiais resinosos fotoativados precisam receber uma determinada quantidade de luz (exposição radiante) para que sejam polimerizados adequadamente. Quando movimentamos os equipamentos fotoativadores sobre a restauração, podemos deixar parte do material resinoso sem receber essa energia luminosa necessária ou interromper o processo de ativação, causando uma polimerização insuficiente (Fig. 1)1 . Sabe-se que a luz azul emitida pelos equipamentos fotoativadores é prejudicial aos olhos e pode causar uma degradação da visão em longo prazo2 . Frente à falta de barreiras de proteção contra luz azul, é comum desviar o olhar durante o processo de fotoativação.
USO DE METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS NO ENSINO DA DENTÍSTICA: MODISMO OU NECESSIDADE?
Authors: Miranda Diogo de Azevedo , Costa Sarah Teixeira , Costa Luiz Rogério Vallim
Published: July 2021

O ensino da Odontologia, no Brasil e em muitos outros países, tem sido baseado em disciplinas isoladas, com amplo emprego de aulas expositivas e ênfase somente no conhecimento técnico. O professor representa a figura predominante de reprodutor de conhecimento, enquanto os alunos manifestam-se como expectadores passivos, limitando-se à retenção e repetição. Inegavelmente, há um distanciamento físico e contextual entre aluno e professor. O ensino ocorre de maneira fragmentada, por disciplina ou área de especialização. Aliada ao método tradicional de ensino, fragmentado e não agregador — utilizado na grande maioria dos cursos superiores do Brasil —, a graduação do cirurgião-dentista apresenta particularidades desafiadoras, como alto custo, demandas únicas de treinamento pré-clínico, natureza mutante dos métodos de ensino/avaliação, fluxo intenso de desenvolvimento de novos materiais e novas tecnologias, influência do fator socioeconômico-cultural e aumento da expectativa dos pacientes em relação ao tratamento, impactando, significativamente, todas as áreas do programa educacional.
Instagram Nu e Cru
Authors: Ottoboni Thiago
Published: July 2021

Olá, vamos para mais uma edição. Como sempre, aqui a ideia é apresentar casos clínicos realizados de maneira honesta, nos quais visualizamos as fotos sem manipulação de imagem. Com toda a rapidez da informação, observamos diaria- mente uma inversão do que realmente é a Odontologia “estética” nas redes sociais. Com isso, dentistas mais novos ou recém-formados muitas vezes se inspiram em “heróis” de mentira, perdendo rapidamente a essência do que realmente é a Odontologia restauradora. A verdadeira Odontologia não mutila, ela reconstrói; não tira, devolve; não executa antes de planejar e não trata dentes, mas cuida de pessoas. Tenha muito cuidado com o que vê nas redes sociais para não se deixar enganar nem manipular por resultados falsos ou modificados. Faça o seu bem feito, para o seu paciente. Isso é o que vale a pena no final.
Environmental justice in interdisciplinary perspective
Authors: Wallimann-Helmer Ivo , Bornemann Basil , Krütli Pius , Roser Dominic
Published: July 2021

Empirical research on environmental justice often simplifies normative implications, and ethical investigations in these fields often lack real-world complexity. A new working group bridges these gaps.
How does a future-fit economy take root? An analysis of diffusion and adoption of future-fit business practices in brewing and printing companies
Authors: Schmidt Sabrina , Rätzer Matthias
Published: July 2021

Only a few companies are seeking to contribute to a future-fit way of doing business. As such, they are considered major drivers of institutional change. However, conventional companies are not likely to follow these new paths based solely on good examples.In the face of the worsening ecological crisis, more and more people are looking to pioneering companies which have made it their task to be part of the solution to this problem by deploying sustainable production and business practices. But how do these future-fit approaches spread within the economy? We present results from brewing and printing companies which suggest that successful diffusion of these approaches may be more complex than commonly assumed. For example, conventional companies tend not to adopt sustainable business practices merely because they are being promoted by future-fit small and medium-sized enterprises. Rather, change agents in conventional companies must be educated on how specific sustainable business practices serve as concrete solutions. Additionally, these practices must align with the company’s predominant view of the problem. Our results stress that future-fit companies cannot be the exclusive drivers of profound change; rather, they can only make their contribution when supported in this effort by science, politics and society in general.
Sintering Additives Effects on the Microstructure and Electrical Behavior of Yttrium Oxide Ceramic Composites
Authors: Issa Tarik T. , Ahmed Duha S. , Majeed Sadeer M.
Published: July 2021

Ceramics type Yttrium oxide with Silicon carbide. were selected to investigate its sintered density, microstructure and electrical properties, after adding V2O5, of 100 nm grain size. Different weight percentages ranging from (0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.04) were used. Dry milling applied for twelve hours. The pelletized samples were sintered at atmospheric of static air and at sintering temperature 1400 ˚C, for three hours. The crustal structure test shoes the phase which is yttrium silicon carbide Scanning electron microscopy, scan sintered microstructure. Samples after sintering were electrically investigated by measuring its capacitance, dielectric constant and their results showed increasing after added V2O5 particles at the combination Yttrium oxide 80 Wt.% -Silicon carbide 20 Wt.% with 0.04 V2O5 Wt.%.
Oral Health Status in Autism Patients Children in Iraq
Authors: Al-Zaidi Raghad R.
Published: July 2021

Background: The autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been introduced as one of the complicated developmental disabilities impairing communication and behavioral, intellectual as well as social functioning describes diverse symptoms, such as difficulties in communication skills and social interactions. The present research has been performed to assess seriousness of the dental caries in conjunction with the oral cleanliness amongst children suffering from autism in comparison with a control group according to age groups and gender. Materials and Methods: This research involved 30 children aged 3-14 years (male, female) who suffered from autism and attended autism centers in Welfare Children Teaching Hospital in Baghdad province, Iraq, were selected for the study compared to 30 healthy children with the same age group. Plaque (PlI), Decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (dmfs, DMFS), calculus (CI) as well as Gingival (GI) indices have been applied for measuring the status of oral health for these two groups. The data of our research has been analyzed by SPSS 26. Results: The entire autism group was caries active. For primary dentition, a lower dmfs values were recorded for study in comparison with the controls, differences have been not significant in dmfs, while for permanent dentition, a higher DMFS values were recorded for study in comparison with the control group with statistically significant concerning DMFS (P < 0.05). Moreover, caries experience (DS and DMFS) among both genders were higher in the study group in comparison with the controls with a significant difference in female only. Total mean value of PlI in the study group has been greater than the controls with no statistically significant difference. In addition, total mean value of GI in the study group has been lower than the controls with no statistically significant difference. Furthermore, correlation coefficient between the caries experience of primary and permanent teeth with PlI and GI among study and control group showed no significant correlations seen in the study and control groups, all of them were positively correlated except (ds) with (GI) in control group which was negatively correlated with no significant correlation. Conclusion: children with ASD had higher dental caries severity regarding permanent teeth compared to normal subjects, plaque higher in autistic group than control group. Dental care planners must design preventing strategies for avoiding caries; procedures for oral care as well as educational programs for oral care and promotion for addressing diverse challenges facing the oral care in ASD.
Assessment of Radiation Levels and Geochemical Factors in Iraqi Soil
Authors: Amana Maitham S. , Muslim Ruaa Issa , Aldhuhaibat Mohammed J.R. , Salim A.A.
Published: July 2021

Radiation exposure related human hazards and environmental pollution caused by the natural and manmade radioactive materials needs inhibition. An accurate evaluation of the radiation levels and geochemical factors of soil play a vital role. In this perception, γ-ray spectroscopy with NaI (Tl) luminescence detector was used to assess the natural radioactivity level and associated radiological risk due to contaminated surface soil (33 samples) collected from the Waist province of Iraq. Compared to the stipulated global average, about 64% and 15% of the samples showed higher radioactivity concentration of 226Ra and 40K, respectively, whereas for 232Th it was lower. Furthermore, the statistical guides of the geo-accumulation and contamination factors were used to calculate the pollution levels in the soil samples. The geochemical factors for some polluting heavy metals (Ge, Se, Ag, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Ce, Hf, W, Hg, Ti, and Bi) in the samples revealed wide variation. The contamination factor and I-Geo-accumulation catalogues of the samples exhibited the pollution level fluctuations from very high (Hg of 1.88 ppm) to very low (W of 1.33 ppm, U of 1.87 ppm, Sn of 3.8 ppm, Sb of 2.99 ppm, Ti of 0.66 ppm and Ag of 1.92 ppm, Bi of 1 ppm) to moderate Se of 0.53 ppm, Hf of 1.81 ppm and I of 3.19 ppm). It was asserted that the observed intense adsorption of some specific metals on the surface soils was due to the natural sources in the clays and heavy minerals originated from the carbonates. Such heavy elements could move into the minerals structure of the surface soils from the anthropogenic urban wastes, agricultural and industrial activities.
Measurement Mass Attenuation Coefficient of Palmitic Acid by Using Sources of Gamma Ray
Authors: Hadi Mohammed Yahya , Alnasraui Ali Hussein F. , Aldalawi Ali Adil Turki
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this paper is to determine the mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ), of a sample. In this work used (C16H32O2) fatty acid, exposed to gamma rays (γ), emitted from various sources 57Co, 133Ba, 22Na, 137Cs, 54Mn, and sCo with energies from 0.122 to 1.330 MeV. It exposes the compound to gamma rays and discloses the radiation force that passes through the sample, the rest of the gamma radiation attenuated. A NaI fluorescence detector (Tl) with an accuracy of 8.2% (at 662 kV) was used for the gamma ray detector beam. An advantage of using (μ/ρ) coefficient data can be obtained effective atomic numbers, atomic cross-section and effective electron densities.
Association of MEG3 Hypermethylation and MiR-21 Upregulation with the Incidence in Iraqi Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Patients
Authors: Saleh Noha Mohammed , Jasim Hameed Majeed
Published: July 2021

Background: Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) can be defined as a hematologic malignancy that distinguished by genetic defects and epigenetics alterations. LncRNA MEG3 was shown to play the role of tumour suppressor, and play a pivotal role in leukemogenesis, MEG3 hypermethylation has been reported to be related to different types of haematological malignancies. MIR-21 is regarded as a significant miRNA, it considered to play a vital role in AML progressions. Results: The levels of methylation in the MEG3 promoter region in AML patients were significantly increased than in healthy controls, as the MEG3 expression levels were significantly lowered (P ≤ 0.05) in AML patients in contrast with healthy controls. On the other hand, results showed elevated expression levels of miR-21 in AML patients compared with healthy controls. Conclusion: The present study indicates that the hypermethylation of MEG-3 promoter region could explain MEG-3 expression level loss. Our findings also revealed that the overexpression of miR-21 supports its function as an oncogene.
Analisis Komposisi Hasil Tangkapan Bagan Perahu Dan Tancap Di Perairan Teluk Kupang
Authors: Surbakti Joi Alfreddi , Sir Rikka Welhelmina
Published: July 2021

Salah satu masalah yang dihadapi dalam pemanfaatan sumberdaya ikan adalah kurang selektifnya berbagai jenis alat tangkap yang digunakan oleh para nelayan. Akibatnya adalah tertangkapnya ikan-ikan yang bukan menjadi tujuan penangkapan (bycatch) yang dalam prakteknya sebagian besar ikan-ikan tersebut dibuang ke laut (discarded catch). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menginventarisasi komposisi jenis dan ukuran ikan hasil tangkapandari alat tangkap bagan perahu dan bagan tancap.Lokasi penelitian di Kelurahan Oesapa sebagai sentra pemukiman nelayan bagan perahu danbagan tancap di Kota Kupang dan di Perairan Teluk Kupang.Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode survei dengan obyek penelitian yaitu: fakta, proses, histori, persepsi tentang perikanan bagan perahu, komposisi jenis dan ukuran ikan tangkapan yang meliputi identifikasi hasil tangkapan, berat (kilogram), jumlah (ekor), panjang cagak (fork length), keliling maksimum (maximum girth), dan lebar badan ikan. Cara mengukur panjang baku pada penelitian ini yaitu jarak garis lurus antara ujung bagian kepala yang paling depan (biasanya ujung salah satu dari rahang yang terdepan) sampai ke pelipatan pangkal sirip ekor.Hasil menunjukkan bahwa jenis ikan yang dominan tertangkap pada bagan perahu adalah ikan teri, peperek dan kembung, sedangkan pada bagan tancap ikan peperek, teri dan tembang. One of the problems faced in using fish resources is the lack of selectivity of various types of fishing gear used by fishermen. The result is the catch of fish which is not the purpose of arrest(bycatch) which in practice most of the fish are discarded catch. This study aims to identify and inventory the type and size offish catches (boat lift net and fix lift net). Research location in Oesapa village in Kupang City in Kupang Bay. This research was conducted by survey method with research object that is: fact, process, history, perception of fishery boat lift net, species composition and size of fish catch including identification of catch, weight (kilogram), number (tail), length of fork length, maximum girth, and fish body width, mesh size. The method of measuring the standard length in this study is the distance of a straight line between the tip of the front of the head (usually the tip of one of the leading jaws) to the tail fin's base. The results show that the dominant fish species in boat lift net are anchovies, pony fishes, and long-jawed mackereland, from fix lift net, are pony fishes, anchovy and sardine.
Pola Pertumbuhan Kepiting Bakau (Scylla serrata) Di Perairan Desa Bandengan Kendal
Authors: Munana Nila , Irwani Irwani , Widianingsih Widianingsih
Published: July 2021

Kepiting bakau (Scylla serrata) merupakan jenis kepiting yang banyak ditemukan di beberapa daerah, salah satunya di Perairan Desa Bandengan, Kendal. Kepiting bakau setiap harinya ditangkap oleh nelayan, keadaan ini dapat mempengaruhi terhadap populasi kepiting bakau. Fase bulan dapat memberikan pengaruh terhadap kepiting bakau, seperti pada tingkah laku kepiting bakau. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pola pertumbuhan kepiting bakau pada  fase bulan mati dan purnama di Perairan Desa Bandengan Kendal. Metode yang digunakan yaitu bersifat deskriptif eksploratif. Pengambilan data dilakukan sebanyak 6 kali periode pada 28 Desember 2019 – 9 Maret 2020, data dari kepiting bakau meliputi panjang karapas, lebar karapas, berat tubuh, jumlah kepiting bakau, dan parameter perairan. Jumlah kepiting bakau yang diperoleh selama penelitian sebanyak 212 ekor bulan mati dan 236 ekor bulan purnama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pola pertumbuhan kepiting bakau jantan bulan mati bersifat allometrik positif, sedangkan pada kepiting bakau betina bersifat allometrik negatif. Sedangkan, pada purnama 1 bersifat allometrik positif, bulan purnama 2 dan  bulan purnama 3 bersifat allometrik negatif, sedangkan kepiting bakau betina bersifat allometrik negatif. Mud crab (Scylla serrata) is a type of crab that is found in several areas, one of which is in the waters of Bandengan Village, Kendal. Every day mud crabs are caught by fishermen, this situation can affect the mangrove crab population. The moon phase can affect mud crabs, such as the behavior of mud crabs. The purpose of this study was to determine the growth pattern of mud crabs in the new moon and full moon phases in the waters of the village of Bandengan, Kendal. The method used is descriptive exploratory. Data collection was carried out 6 times during the period on 28 December 2019 - 9 March 2020, data from mud crabs included carapace length, carapace width, body weight, number of mangrove crabs, and water parameters. The number of mud crabs obtained during the study was 212 new moons and 236 full moons. The results showed that the growth pattern of male mud crabs in the new moon was positive allometric, while the female mud crabs were negative allometric. Meanwhile, full moon 1 is allometric positive, full moon 2, and full moon 3 allometric negatives, while female mud crabs are allometric negative.
Kajian Morfometri dan Tingkat Kematangan Gonad Rajungan di Perairan Betahwalang, Demak
Authors: Maulana Iqbal , Irwani Irwani , Redjeki Sri
Published: July 2021

Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) merupakan komoditas laut yang memiliki nilai ekonomis yang tinggi, dimana berbanding lurus dengan penangkapan yang terus meningkat. Tingkat pemanfaatan yang tidak mengindahkan ukuran dan kondisi rajungan dapat mempengaruhi struktur ukuran dan stok rajungan di suatu perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi ukuran, hubungan lebar dan berat rajungan serta distribusi tingkat kematangan gonad (TKG) di perairan Betahwalang, Demak. Penelitian menggunakan metode survey dengan analisis yang bersifat deskriptif yang dilakukan secara “time-series”. Pengamatan sampel rajungan sebesar 10% dari hasil tangkapan yang didaratkan oleh setiap nelayan di pengepul rajungan.. Hasil dari penelitian ini menujukkan dari 3030 ekor rajungan yang diamati diketahui distribusi lebar karapas rajungan berkisar antara 35 – 185 mm dan kisaran berat sebesar 10 – 350 gram. Rajungan yang terdapat di perairan Betahwalang memiliki pertumbuhan yang bersifat allometrik positif pada rajungan jantan dan betina pada bulan Januari serta Februari.  Hasil nilai b sebesar 3,29 dan 3,08 (Januari & Februari) pada rajungan jantan. Nilai b sebesar 3,10 dan 3,15  pada rajungan betina (Januari & Februari) serta nilai b sebesar 3,14 pada keseluruhan rajungan. Sehingga diketahui pertumbuhan lebar karapas lebih cepat dibandingkan bobot rajungan. Sedangkan distribusi tingkat kematangan gonad rajungan betina adalah 21% pada TKG 1; 63% pada TKG 2; serta 16% pada TKG 3, dengan ukuran pertama kali matang gonad adalah 141,51 mm. Blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) is a marine commodity has a high economic value , which is causing the crab catch to rise as well. The catch rate that does not consider the size and maturity of sea crab can affect the size structure and population stock of sea crab in waters. This study aims to determine the size distribution,the relationship of width and weight of Blue swimming crab and distribution of gonad maturity in Betahwalang, Demak. There’s a descriptive survey method used in this study with time-series observations. The sample size is about 10% of the total number landed crab from each fisherman. The results of this study showed that from 3030 crabs observed, the distribution of crab carapace width ranged from 35 – 185 mm and the weight range at 10 – 350 gram. The results showed the all crabs has a positive allometric on growth parameters. The value of  b 3,29 and 3,08 (January & February) in male blue swimming crab, 3.10 and 3.15 (January & February) on female sea crabs, and 3.14 on whole sea crabs. So it is known that the growth of carapid width is faster than the weight of crab. While the distribution of female crab gonad maturity level is 21% in level 1; 63% in level 2; and 16% in level 3, with the first size of mature gonad at 141,51 mm.
Stabilitas Ekstrak Kasar Klorofil-a dan b Rumput Laut Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh 1873 pada Suhu dan Lama Penyimpanan yang Berbeda
Authors: Mahfudh Ihsan , Santosa Gunawan Widi , Pramesti Rini
Published: July 2021

Caulerpa racemosa merupakan salah satu jenis rumput laut hijau (Chlorophyta) yang memiliki pigmen fotosintetik klorofil-a dan klorofil-b. Pigmen tersebut labil terhadap suhu dan cahaya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh suhu dingin (9oC) dan suhu ruang (29oC) terhadap stabilitas ekstrak kasar pigmen klorofil dengan lama penyimpanan 7 hari. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian adalah eksperimental laboratoris. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial dengan 2 faktor yaitu suhu (9oC, 29oC) dengan interval pengujian (1, 3, 5, 7 hari). Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi dengan pelarut ethanol 96%. Parameter yang diamati berupa konsentrasi klorofil-a, klorofil-b, kecerahan ekstrak dan pH. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi klorofil-a, klorofil-b, dan pH menurun sedangkan kecerahan ekstrak meningkat setelah disimpan selama 7 hari baik pada suhu dingin maupun suhu ruang. Penurunan tertinggi konsentrasi klorofil-a sebesar 1,32 mg/g, klorofil-b sebesar 2,09 mg/g dan nilai pH sebesar 6 pada penyimpanan suhu ruang, penyimpanan pada suhu dingin mengalami penurunan terendah dengan konsentrasi klorofil-a sebesar 1,42 mg/g, klorofil-b sebesar 2,21 mg/g dan nilai pH sebesar 6,2. Nilai kecerahan ekstrak mengalami kenaikan tertinggi pada penyimpanan suhu ruang sebesar 30,99, sedangan terendah pada suhu dingin sebesar 29,25. Caulerpa racemosa is a one kind of green seaweed (Chlorophyta) which has photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b. The pigment is unstable with temperature and light. The purpose of this research is to find out the effect of cold temperature (9oC) and room temperature (29oC) on the stability of crude extract of C. racemosa chlorophyll pigment with a storage time of 7 days. This research was using an experimental laboratory method. The research design was used factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 2 factors, temperature (9oC, 29oC) days with interval testing on (1, 3, 5, 7 days). The Extraction was carried out by the maceration method with 96% ethanol as solvent. The observed parameters were concentration of chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, extract brightness, and pH. The results showed that content of chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, and pH had decreased with an increase in the brightness of the extract after being stored for 7 days at cold and room temperature. The higher decrease on content of chlorophyll-a by 1,32 mg/g, chlorophyll-b by 2,09 mg/g, and pH value of 6 when stored at room temperature, while in cold storage has the lowest decrease content of chlorophyll-a by 1,42 mg/g, chlorophyll- b by 2,21 mg/g and pH value by 6,2. The brightness value of the extract has the biggest increased at room temperature storage by 30,99 and the lowest is on the cold temperature by 29,25.
Pengkayaan Pakan Alami Artemia sp. dengan Chaetoceros sp. pada Budidaya Post Larva Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: Perdana Pandu Abdi , Lumbessy Salnida Yuniarti , Setyono Bagus Dwi Hari
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh pengkayaan pakan Artemia sp. dengan Chaetoceros sp. terhadap performa pertumbuhan larva udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei). Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan menggunakan empat (4) perlakuan perbedaan dosis Chaetoceros untuk pengkayaan Artemia sp., yaitu A (pakan alami Artemia sp. tanpa pengkayaan Chaetoceros) sebagai perlakuan kontrol, B (dosis pengkayaan Chaetoceros 1,5 x 105 sel/ind), C (dosis pengkayaan Chaetoceros 2,5 x 105  sel/ind) dan D (dosis pengkayaan Chaetoceros 3,5 x 105 sel/ind), masing-masing perlakuan dengan 4 kali ulangan. Data dianalisis menggunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA) pada taraf nyata 5% dengan selang kepercayaan 95% dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengkayaan pakan alami Artemia sp. dengan Chaetoceros dapat meningkatkan laju pertumbuhan panjang mutlak dan spesifik larva udang vaname tetapi tidak mempengaruhi tingkat kelangsungan hidupnya, dimana perlakuan dosis Chaetoceros 3,5 x 105 sel/ind memberikan laju pertumbuhan panjang mutlak dan spesifik  larva udang vaname yang lebih baik, yaitu berturut-turut  5,45 mm, dan 8,60%/hari. Pengkayaan pakan alami Artemia sp. dengan Chaetoceros sp. dapat meningkatkan nilai protein pakan larva udang vanname hingga mencapai 66 %. This study aims to analyze the effect of Artemia sp. with Chaetoceros sp. on the growth performance of vaname shrimp larvae (Litopenaeus vannamei). This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) using four (4) different treatments of Chaetoceros Dose for Artemia sp. Enrichment, namely  A (natural feed of Artemia sp. without Chaetoceros Enrichment) as control treatment, B (Chaetoceros sp. Enrichment dose 1,5 × 105 cells / ind), C (Chaetoceros enrichment dose 2,5 × 105 cells / ind) and D (Chaetoceros enrichment dose 3,5 × 105 cells / ind) , each treatment with 4 replications. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a significant level of 5% with a 95% confidence interval and continued with the Duncan test. The results showed that enrichment of natural feed for Artemia sp. with Chaetoceros The growth rate of absolute and specific length of vannamei shrimp larvae but does not affect the survival rate, where the Chaetoceros treatment dose of 3,5 × 105 cells / ind gives the absolute and specific length growth rate of the vaname shrimp larvae. better, namely 5.45 mm, and 8.60% / day, respectively. Natural food enrichment of Artemia sp. with Chaetoceros sp. can increase the protein value of vanname shrimp larvae feed by up to 66%
Pengaruh Perbedaan Metode Transplantasi Terhadap Laju Pertumbuhan Karang Acropora aspera Pada Artificial Patch Reef Di Pulau Panjang, Jepara
Authors: Prayoga Bintang , Munasik Munasik , Irwani Irwani
Published: July 2021

Artificial Patch Reef (APR) adalah salah satu terumbu karang buatan yang dirancang dengan bentuk melingkar modular berbentuk piramida dan memiliki 4 tingkatan atau kedalaman yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan Acropora aspera sebagai karang yang akan ditransplan pada APR karena saat ini populasi dari Acropora sangat terdegradasi dan terus menurun. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April hingga Juli 2018 di perairan Pulau Panjang Jepara. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui laju pertumbuhan Acropora aspera dengan variasi metode yaitu ditransplan secara vertikal dan horizontal. Kedua metode memiliki keuntungan masing-masing dengan metode vertikal memiliki peluang pertumbuhan yang lebih cepat karena pertumbuhan pada karang selalu menuju ke arah datangnya sinar matahari, keuntungan dari posisi penanaman secara horizontal adalah posisi yang optimal karena hasilnya karang tetap dapat tumbuh pada dua sisi dan dapat tumbuh ke segala arah. Selain itu penelitian ini menggunakan 3 kedalaman yang berbeda. Pertumbuhan tertinggi pada perbedaan metode terjadi pada metode vertikal dengan laju pertumbuhan sebesar 0,35 cm/bulan sedangkan pada metode horizontal didapat hasil sebesar 0,27 cm/bulan. Untuk laju pertumbuhan pada perbedaan kedalaman atau tingkatan didapatkan laju pertumbuhan untuk tingkat 2 sebesar 0,24 cm/bulan, tingkat 3 sebesar 0,34 cm/bulan dan tingkat 4 sebesar 0,35 cm/bulan. Analisis statistik ANOVA  menunjukkan pada tingkatan dan metode diperoleh nilai Sig. 0,00  yang berarti H1 diterima, berarti ada perbedaan signifikan antar metode dan antar tingkatan. Artificial Patch Reef (APR) is one of the artificial reefs that is designed with a circular pyramidal modular shape and has 4 different gradations or depths. This study used Acropora aspera as the coral to be transplanted in the APR because currently the population of Acropora is highly degraded and continues to decrease. This research was conducted from April to July 2018 on the Panjang Island, Jepara. This research use Acropora aspera with a variety of methods that transplanted vertically and horizontally. Both methods have advantages. Vertical method has chance to growth faster than horizontal method. In the direction that comes from sunlight, the benefits of planting horizontally are optimal because they produce corals that can grow on both sides and can grow to all direction. In addition, this study uses 3 different levels. The highest method obtained in the vertical method with a growth rate of 0.35 cm / month in the horizontal method results obtained at 0.27 cm / month. For the growth rate at the growth rate or growth rate for level 2 of 0.24 cm / month, level 3 is 0.34 cm / month and level 4 is 0.35 cm / month. Statistical analysis of ANOVA determines at the level and method obtains the Sig. 0,00 which means H1 is accepted, meaning there are significant differences between methods and between levels.