bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The streptococcal phase-variable type I restriction modification system SsuCC20p dictates the methylome of
Streptococcus suis
impacting the transcriptome and virulence in a zebrafish larvae infection model
Authors: Roodsant Thomas J. , van der Putten Boas , Brizuela Jaime , Coolen Jordy P. M. , Baltussen Tim J. H. , Schipper Kim , Pannekoek Yvonne , van der Ark Kees C. H. , Schultsz Constance
Published: December 2023

Phase-variable type I restriction modification (RM) systems are epigenetic regulatory systems that have been identified in numerous human bacterial pathogens. We previously showed that an emerging zoonotic lineage of
Streptococcus suis
acquired a phase-variable type I RM system, named SsuCC20p. The SsuCC20p locus was identified in the genome of multiple streptococcal species, indicating that it is not restricted to
S. suis
and can be acquired through horizontal gene transfer. We demonstrate that SsuCC20p phase variability relies on a recombinase present within the locus. SsuCC20p is the single RM system responsible for the genome methylation profiles that were detected in the representative zoonotic
S. suis
isolate 861160
in vitro
. In addition, we show that, contrary to previous observations,
hsdS
genes located downstream of
hsdM
and the recombinase gene contribute to the SsuCC20p genome methylation profile. SsuCC20p locked mutants expressing a single
hsdS
each show a unique genome methylation profile and, when grown in human serum, have distinct transcriptomes. In a zebrafish larvae infection model, we observed significant differences in virulence between the locked mutants and a corresponding shift in
hsdS
allele distribution in the wild type. These data indicate that the streptococcal phase-variable type I RM system SsuCC20p can impact bacterial fitness via epigenetic regulation of gene expression, which impacts the virulence of
S. suis
in the zebrafish larvae infection model.

IMPORTANCE

Phase variation allows a single strain to produce phenotypic diverse subpopulations. Phase-variable restriction modification (RM) systems are systems that allow for such phase variation via epigenetic regulation of gene expression levels. The phase-variable RM system SsuCC20p was found in multiple streptococcal species and was acquired by an emerging zoonotic lineage of
Streptococcus suis
. We show that the phase variability of SsuCC20p is dependent on a recombinase encoded within the SsuCC20p locus. We characterized the genome methylation profiles of the different phases of SsuCC20p and demonstrated the consequential impact on the transcriptome and virulence in a zebrafish infection model. Acquiring mobile genetic elements containing epigenetic regulatory systems, like phase-variable RM systems, enables bacterial pathogens to produce diverse phenotypic subpopulations that are better adapted to specific (host) environments encountered during infection.
Supplemental Material: A new method to evaluate the power ratio distributions of astronomical signals: A case study from Upper Cretaceous terrestrial sediments
Authors: Huang He , Zhong Hanting , et al.
Published: December 2023

The RAOPR analysis of the synthetic ETP plus noise models, and the orbital tuned Th and K% time series from the Cretaceous Songliao Basin.
Digital ischaemia as a presenting feature in metastatic ovarian cancer
Authors: Miller Jonathan Harry , Merry Peter
Published: December 2023

A woman in her 50s presented with acute pain and discolouration in the fingertips of both hands, without other features of connective tissue disease. The history was otherwise significant for abdominal bloating, altered bowel habit, urinary urgency and fatigue. Inflammatory markers, antinuclear antibodies, serum protein electrophoresis and complement levels were all normal. The tumour marker CA125 was significantly elevated, prompting a CT abdomen and pelvis, which revealed a large right-sided adnexal mass with multiple enhancing peritoneal and omental nodules and moderate ascites, suggestive of disseminated primary ovarian cancer.

Digital ischaemia (DI) can be associated with cancer in up to 15% of cases. An underlying cancer should be suspected in patients presenting with new or worsening symptoms of DI. Prompt treatment with anticancer therapies can achieve complete resolution of DI.
Use of multiple fasciocutaneous flaps for the management of extensive hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Alshammary Rawan Humaidy , Hbib Allaha Elbadawi Hassan , Fakhruddin Muawya sufyan , Bakhiet Mohammed
Published: December 2023

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a relapsing nature that has a significant impact on the patient’s quality of life. The clinical presentation of the disease includes deep dermal abscesses and sinus tracts. Long-term affliction of the disease may lead to contractures, scars and fibrosis. Management is still challenging and varies from medical to surgical options. We report the following case of a man in his 30s who presented with severe HS in the axillae, groins, perineum and lower sacral region. The patient has been treated by excision of the whole lesions followed by using multiple fasciocutaneous flaps as a reconstructive method.
Atypical presentation of malignant hypertension
Authors: Palani Subashree , Rinita Deborah , Salman Amjad
Published: December 2023

A woman in her 30s presented with complaints of sudden onset of defective vision in the right eye for 2 days, with history of headache for a month. On examination, best corrected visual acuity was 20/40 in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye. Anterior segment examination was normal. Fundus examination of both the eyes showed generalised arteriolar attenuation with diffuse, hyperaemic disc oedema and serous retinal detachment at macula in the right eye. Her blood pressure (BP) was 230/140 mm Hg. Other systemic evaluation was unremarkable. In the review visit, patient’s BP reduced to 140/100 mm Hg, and visual acuity in the right eye improved to 20/20. Fundus in the right eye showed resolving disc oedema with macular star formation, and the left eye had developed soft exudates. This seemed to confirm the diagnosis of the disc oedema being caused by hypertension and a highly asymmetrical presentation of hypertensive retinopathy.
Neonatal Faciocervical Group BStreptococcalNecrotising Fasciitis: a Multidisciplinary Approach to Management
Authors: Pezas Theodore Paul , Fernando Joep , Timoney Norma , Syed Mobinulla , Filson Simon
Published: December 2023

Neonatal necrotising fasciitis secondary toStreptococcus agalactiae, also known as Group BStreptococcus(GBS), is a rare, life-threatening entity with approximately 40 cases reported in the literature. GBS soft tissue infection in infancy most commonly affects the face, likely originating from the colonised oral cavity. In cases unresponsive to medical management alone, early surgical debridement can be life-saving. We present a case of faciocervical GBS necrotising fasciitis in a male neonate requiring multiple surgical debridements. The resultant soft tissue defect healed with topical negative pressure therapy and eventual placement of a double-layer dermal substitute. Due to his prematurity, the patient was not skin grafted to limit donor site morbidity. After recovering from his life-threatening infection, the patient had intensive scar therapy leading to a favourable cosmetic result with no evidence of function-limiting contracture. Our report draws focus to the need for a multidisciplinary approach incorporating therapy-led scar management early in the postsurgical recovery plan.
Avatrombopag-induced lactic acidosis in a patient with severe thrombocytopenia
Authors: Addiego Amanda Marie , Razi Samrah , Li Han
Published: December 2023

A woman in her 60s was admitted for refractory thrombocytopenia, initially presumed to be from immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). She was treated with the thrombopoietin receptor agonist (TPO-RA) avatrombopag, as well as prophylactic ciprofloxacin and fluconazole for neutropenia. She developed an anion gap metabolic acidosis with a significantly elevated lactate level peaking at 7.5 mmol/L. Other causes of lactic acidosis including hypovolaemia, sepsis, ischaemia and diabetic ketoacidosis were ruled out. Avatrombopag was discontinued, with quick resolution of the lactic acidosis. Fluconazole and ciprofloxacin were found to inhibit the metabolism of avatrombopag and were also discontinued. Worsening thrombocytopenia prompted a rechallenge with increased dose avatrombopag and severe lactic acidosis again developed, with subsequent quick resolution after drug discontinuation. We conclude that a dose-dependent lactic acidosis occurred with avatrombopag in this case. While other TPO-RAs including eltrombopag have been associated with lactic acidosis, to our knowledge, this is the first report of avatrombopag-induced lactic acidosis.
Injury and illness among Norwegian Olympic athletes during preparation for five consecutive Summer and Winter Games
Authors: Clarsen Benjamin , Berge Hilde Moseby , Bendiksen Fredrik , Fossan Bjørn , Fredriksen Hilde , Haugvad Lars , Kjelsberg Mona , Ronsen Ola , Steffen Kathrin , Torgalsen Thomas , Bahr Roald
Published: December 2023

Objective

To describe the patterns of health problems among Norwegian Olympic candidates during their preparations for five consecutive Olympic Games (London 2012, Sochi 2014, Rio de Janeiro 2016, PyeongChang 2018 and Tokyo 2020).

Methods

This was a descriptive epidemiological study using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire on Health Problems to collect data on all self-reported health problems from Norwegian Olympic candidate athletes for 12–18 months prior to each Olympic Games. Team physicians and physiotherapists followed up the athlete reports, providing clinical care and classifying reported problems according to the International Olympic Committee 2020 consensus statement on methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport.

Results

Between 2011 and 2020, 533 athletes were included in the Norwegian Olympic team monitoring programme, with a 78% response to the weekly questionnaire. During this time, athletes reported 2922 health problems, including 1409 illnesses (48%), 886 overuse injuries (repetitive mechanism, 30%) and 627 acute injuries (traumatic mechanism, 21%). Diagnostic codes were recorded for 2829 (97%) of health problems. Athletes reported, on average, 5.9 new health problems per year (95% CI: 5.6 to 6.1), including 1.3 acute injuries (CI: 1.2 to 1.4), 1.7 overuse injuries (CI: 1.6 to 1.9) and 2.9 illnesses (CI: 2.7 to 3.0). Each year, female and male athletes lost an average of 40 and 26 days of training and competition due to health problems, respectively. The diagnoses with the highest health burden were anterior cruciate ligament rupture, respiratory infection, lumbar pain and patellar tendinopathy.

Conclusion

The injury burden was particularly high among female athletes and in team sports, whereas endurance sports had the greatest burden of illness. Our data provide a compelling argument for prioritising medical care and investing in prevention programmes not just during the Olympic Games, but also the preparation period.
Complications of colonoscopy: common and rare—recognition, assessment and management
Authors: Waddingham William , Kamran Umair , Kumar Bhaskar , Trudgill Nigel J , Tsiamoulos Zacharias P , Banks Matthew
Published: December 2023

An understanding of the potential complications of diagnostic lower gastrointestinal endoscopy is a necessary part of being an independent endoscopist. Creating a culture of safety and prevention of adverse events (AEs) should be part of routine endoscopy practice. Appropriate patient selection for procedures, informed consent, peri-procedure risk assessments and an inclusive team approach, all contribute to preventing AEs. Early recognition, prompt management and transparent communication with patients are essential for the holistic and optimal management of AEs. In this review, we discuss the complications of diagnostic lower gastro-intestinal endoscopy, including their recognition, treatment and prevention.
Multimorbidity in African ancestry populations: a scoping review
Authors: Kamp Michelle , Achilonu Okechinyere , Kisiangani Isaac , Nderitu Daniel Maina , Mpangase Phelelani Thokozani , Tadesse Girmaw Abebe , Adetunji Kayode , Iddi Samuel , Speakman Skyler , Hazelhurst Scott , Asiki Gershim , Ramsay Michèle
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Multimorbidity (MM) is a growing concern linked to poor outcomes and higher healthcare costs. While most MM research targets European ancestry populations, the prevalence and patterns in African ancestry groups remain underexplored. This study aimed to identify and summarise the available literature on MM in populations with African ancestry, on the continent, and in the diaspora.

Design

A scoping review was conducted in five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct and JSTOR) in July 2022. Studies were selected based on predefined criteria, with data extraction focusing on methodology and findings. Descriptive statistics summarised the data, and a narrative synthesis highlighted key themes.

Results

Of the 232 publications on MM in African-ancestry groups from 2010 to June 2022—113 examined continental African populations, 100 the diaspora and 19 both. Findings revealed diverse MM patterns within and beyond continental Africa. Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases are predominant in both groups (80% continental and 70% diaspora). Infectious diseases featured more in continental studies (58% continental and 16% diaspora). Although many papers did not specifically address these features, as in previous studies, older age, being women and having a lower socioeconomic status were associated with a higher prevalence of MM, with important exceptions. Research gaps identified included limited data on African-ancestry individuals, inadequate representation, under-represented disease groups, non-standardised methodologies, the need for innovative data strategies, and insufficient translational research.

Conclusion

The growing global MM prevalence is mirrored in African-ancestry populations. Recognising the unique contexts of African-ancestry populations is essential when addressing the burden of MM. This review emphasises the need for additional research to guide and enhance healthcare approaches for African-ancestry populations, regardless of their geographic location.
Challenging the utility of 24-hour recall of exclusive breast feeding in Japan
Authors: Nanishi Keiko , Green Joseph , Shibanuma Akira , Hongo Hiroko , Okawa Sumiyo , Tabuchi Takahiro
Published: December 2023

Introduction

WHO recommends exclusive breast feeding from birth to 6 months. However, to monitor populations, it recommends using the proportion of infants under 6 months who were exclusively breastfed during the previous 24 hours. To assess the usefulness of 24-hour recall, we (1) compared the prevalence of exclusive breast feeding measured by since-birth recall to the prevalence measured by 24-hour recall and (2) quantified each indicator’s association with WHO-recommended, well-established methods for in-hospital breastfeeding support.

Methods

We conducted two online surveys of mothers in Japan (total n=4247) who had a healthy singleton delivery in the previous 25 months. They reported on their breast feeding (a) from birth to 5 months; or (b) during the previous 24 hours, for those with infants under 5 months; or (c) both, for those who participated in the initial survey and also in the follow-up survey. All mothers also reported on their in-hospital support. The strength of each indicator’s association with provision of in-hospital support was quantified as the area under the curve (AUC).

Results

The prevalences of exclusive breast feeding by since-birth recall were 4.4% (first survey) and 2.5% (second survey). By 24-hour recall, the prevalence appeared to be 29.8%. More in-hospital support was moderately well associated with more exclusive breast feeding measured by since-birth recall: AUC 0.72 (95%CI 0.66 to 0.78). That association is consistent with the known benefits of in-hospital support. In contrast, when exclusive breast feeding was measured by 24-hour recall, its association with in-hospital support appeared to be extremely weak: AUC 0.59 (95% CI 0.54 to 0.65).

Conclusion

Using 24-hour recall substantially overestimates the prevalence of exclusive breast feeding since birth, and it conceals the benefits of in-hospital breastfeeding support. To monitor population achievement of exclusive breast feeding for the first 6 months, or to evaluate breastfeeding interventions, 24-hour recall of exclusive breast feeding should not be used alone.
Impact of the environment on gut microbiome and allergy
Authors: West Christina E
Published: December 2023

Rapid urbanisation and global biodiversity loss are changing human microbial ecology, which is accelerated by the progressive loss of protective factors for example, contact with natural environments and animals, and less consumption of traditional foods. Early life represents a critical window both for optimal colonisation and immune system development. The frequency of caesarean section (CS) delivery is high and increasing in many parts of the world, and there is strong evidence that CS delivery has a marked influence on early colonisation, with depletion of strains of commensal bacteria. Colonisation of human ecological niches, particularly the gastrointestinal tract, parallels normal local and systemic immune development. CS delivery has been associated with increased risk of allergic diseases and there is emerging evidence that this is mediated by alterations of the microbiome. Small proof-of-concept studies have demonstrated that transfer of maternal vaginal microbes directly after elective CS delivery partially restores the offspring microbiome but transfer of maternal faecal microbes is needed for restoration of the offspring gut microbiome. Randomised clinical trials (RCTs) using microbiome seeding after CS delivery are underway and are anticipated to unravel if this procedure will impact microbial, immunological and metabolic programming, and decrease allergy risk. RCTs using prebiotics and probiotics for primary prevention of allergic diseases (primarily eczema) have been conducted, but large heterogeneity between studies have hampered meta-analysis and the development of specific practice guidelines. In the first RCT to test the biodiversity hypothesis, exposure to playground sand with added microbially diverse soil, led to shifts in the skin and gut bacterial communities and increases in immunoregulatory biomarkers compared with exposure to microbially poor sand (placebo). Collectively, appropriate health-supporting microbial exposures by optimised nutrition and a microbially diverse environment in early life may curb the epidemic rise in allergic diseases, however, considerably more research is needed before this can be translated into specific practice guidelines.
Health and participation in the Lolland-Falster Health Study: a cohort study
Authors: Holmager Therese Lucia Friis , Napolitano George Maria , Esmai­lzadeh Bruun-Rasmu­ssen Neda , Jepsen Randi , Lophaven Søren , Lynge Elsebeth
Published: December 2023

Background

Lolland-Falster is the area of Denmark with highest mortality. However, clinical measurements from a population-based health survey showed prevalence of disease indicators similar to those in the rest of Denmark. The study aimed to disentangle this paradox.

Methods

The Lolland-Falster Health Study (LOFUS) took place in 2016–2020. We followed the 53 000 invited persons up for mortality from invitation date to 1 February 2023. Log-binomial regression was used to calculate relative risk (RR) of non-participation versus participation in LOFUS by subgroups of sex, age, municipality, residency group, household composition and economic status. Using Poisson regression, mortality rate ratio (MRR) was calculated between subgroups and within subgroups for non-participants versus participants for all-cause mortality and mortality from cancer, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, external causes and other diseases.

Results

One-third (36%) of persons invited to LOFUS participated. Only modest differences were seen in participation across subgroups; the largest being an RR of 1.37 (95% CI 1.35 to 1.40) for publicly supported versus self-supported persons. However, non-participants had higher mortality than participants (MRR 3.08, 95% CI 2.82 to 3.37). This pattern was consistent across all subgroups and was found for both all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

Conclusion

The paradox we observed could partly be attributed to participation differences between subgroups. However, for the lack of population representativeness of the survey data, our study indicated within-group selection, measured by excess mortality of non-participants, to be much more important than between-group selection. One should therefore be cautious in using even weighted health survey data for prioritising health interventions.
Social services utilisation and referrals after seeking help from health services for self-harm: a systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Steeg Sarah , Mughal Faraz , Kapur Nav , Gnani Shamini , Robinson Catherine
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Suicide prevention is a major public health challenge. Appropriate aftercare for self-harm is vital due to increased risks of suicide following self-harm. Many antecedents to self-harm involve social factors and there is strong rationale for social services-based self-harm aftercare. We aimed to review evidence for social service utilisation and referrals among people seeking help following self-harm.

Design

Systematic review with narrative synthesis.

Data sources

PubMed, PsycINFO, AMED, Social Policy and Practice, EMBASE, Medline, Web of Science, Social Care Online, citation lists of included articles and grey literature.

Eligibility criteria

Studies of people of any age in contact with health services following self-harm, with study outcomes including referrals to or utilisation of social workers and social services.

Data extraction and synthesis

Information was extracted from each included study using a proforma and quality was critically assessed by two reviewers. Narrative synthesis was used to review the evidence.

Results

From a total of 3414 studies retrieved, 10 reports of 7 studies were included. Study quality was generally high to moderate. All studies were based in emergency departments (EDs) and most were UK based. In studies based solely on ED data, low proportions were referred to social services (in most studies, 1%–4%, though it was up to 44% when social workers were involved in ED assessments). In one study using linked data, 15% (62/427) were referred to social services and 21% (466/2,205) attended social services over the subsequent 3-year period.

Conclusions

Overall, few patients were referred to social services after self-harm. Higher reported referral rates may reflect greater service availability, involvement of social workers in psychosocial assessments or better capture of referral activity. Social services-based and integrated approaches for self-harm aftercare are important future directions for suicide prevention. Improved links between social services and health services for people seeking support after self-harm are recommended.
Research involving the recently deceased: ethics questions that must be answered
Authors: Parent Brendan , Kates Olivia S , Arap Wadih , Caplan Arthur , Childs Brian , Dickert Neal W , Homan Mary , Kinlaw Kathy , Lang Ayannah , Latham Stephen , Levan Macey L , Truog Robert D , Webb Adam , Root Wolpe Paul , Pentz Rebecca D
Published: December 2023

Research involving recently deceased humans that are physiologically maintained following declaration of death by neurologic criteria—or ‘research involving the recently deceased’—can fill a translational research gap while reducing harm to animals and living human subjects. It also creates new challenges for honouring the donor’s legacy, respecting the rights of donor loved ones, resource allocation and public health. As this research model gains traction, new empirical ethics questions must be answered to preserve public trust in all forms of tissue donation and in the practice of medicine while respecting the legacy of the deceased and the rights of donor loved ones. This article suggests several topics for immediate investigation to understand the attitudes and experiences of researchers, clinical collaborators, donor loved ones and the public to ensure research involving the recently deceased advances ethically.
Heart failure management at home: a non-randomised prospective case–controlled trial (HeMan at Home)
Authors: Helberg Justin , Bensimhon Daniel , Katsadouros Vasili , Schmerge Michelle , Smith Heather , Peck Kelly , Williams Kim , Winfrey William , Nanavati Ankit , Knapp Jon , Schmidt Monica , Curran Lisa , McCarthy Megan , Sawulski Mark , Harbrecht Lawrence , Santos Idalys , Masoudi Ellie , Narendra Nischal
Published: December 2023

Background/objectives

Heart failure (HF) is a growing clinical and economic burden for patients and health systems. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to avoidance and delay in care, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality among many patients with HF. The increasing burden of HF during the COVID-19 pandemic led us to evaluate the quality and safety of the Hospital at Home (HAH) for patients presenting to their community providers or emergency department (ED) with symptoms of acute on chronic HF (CHF) requiring admission.

Design/outcomes

A non-randomised prospective case–controlled of patients enrolled in the HAH versus admission to the hospital (usual care, UC). Primary outcomes included length of stay (LOS), adverse events, discharge disposition and patient satisfaction. Secondary outcomes included 30-day readmission rates, 30-day ED usage and ED dwell time.

Results

Sixty patients met inclusion/exclusion criteria and were included in the study. Of the 60 patients, 40 were in the HAH and 20 were in the UC group. Primary outcomes demonstrated that HAH patients had slightly longer LOS (6.3 days vs 4.7 days); however, fewer adverse events (12.5% vs 35%) compared with the UC group. Those enrolled in the HAH programme were less likely to be discharged with postacute services (skilled nursing facility or home health). HAH was associated with increased patient satisfaction compared with Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) score in North Carolina. Secondary outcomes of 30-day readmission and ED usage were similar between HAH and UC.

Conclusions

The HAH pilot programme was shown to be a safe and effective alternative to hospitalisation for the appropriately selected patient presenting with acute on CHF.
BNP level predicts bleeding event in patients with heart failure after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Otsuka Yasuhiro , Ishii Masanobu , Ikebe So , Nakamura Taishi , Tsujita Kenichi , Kaikita Koichi , Matoba Tetsuya , Kohro Takahide , Oba Yusuke , Kabutoya Tomoyuki , Kario Kazuomi , Imai Yasushi , Kiyosue Arihiro , Mizuno Yoshiko , Nochioka Kotaro , Nakayama Masaharu , Iwai Takamasa , Miyamoto Yoshihiro , Sato Hisahiko , Akashi Naoyuki , Fujita Hideo , Nagai Ryozo
Published: December 2023

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the association between heart failure (HF) severity measured based on brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels and future bleeding events after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Background

The Academic Research Consortium for High Bleeding Risk presents a bleeding risk assessment for antithrombotic therapy in patients after PCI. HF is a risk factor for bleeding in Japanese patients.

Methods

Using an electronic medical record-based database with seven tertiary hospitals in Japan, this retrospective study included 7160 patients who underwent PCI between April 2014 and March 2020 and who completed a 3-year follow-up and were divided into three groups: no HF, HF with high BNP level and HF with low BNP level. The primary outcome was bleeding events according to the Global Use of Streptokinase and t-PA for Occluded Coronary Arteries classification of moderate and severe bleeding. The secondary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Furthermore, thrombogenicity was measured using the Total Thrombus-Formation Analysis System (T-TAS) in 536 consecutive patients undergoing PCI between August 2013 and March 2017 at Kumamoto University Hospital.

Results

Multivariate Cox regression showed that HF with high BNP level was significantly associated with bleeding events, MACE and all-cause death. In the T-TAS measurement, the thrombogenicity was lower in patients with HF with high BNP levels than in those without HF and with HF with low BNP levels.

Conclusions

HF with high BNP level is associated with future bleeding events, suggesting that bleeding risk might differ depending on HF severity.
Awareness of electronic cigarette industry practices and their associations with anti-electronic cigarette attitudes among susceptible US young adults
Authors: Phan Lilianna , Choi Kelvin
Published: December 2023

Background

Public education exposing cigarette industry practices have been effective in changing attitudes and preventing smoking among young people. It is unclear how much young adults are aware of e-cigarette industry practices, and how this awareness relates to anti-e-cigarette attitudes. We examined demographic correlates of awareness of e-cigarette industry practices and anti-e-cigarette attitudes, and the association between awareness of these practices with anti-e-cigarette attitudes.

Methods

A US sample of young adults aged 18–30 years who do not use commercial tobacco products but are susceptible to e-cigarette use were cross-sectionally surveyed through online panel services from August 2021 to January 2022. Respondents reported their demographics, awareness of cigarette industry practices, awareness of e-cigarette industry practices and their level of agreement with four anti-e-cigarette attitude statements. We used multivariable linear regressions to examine demographic associations and the relationship between awareness of e-cigarette industry practices with each anti-e-cigarette attitude, adjusting for demographics and awareness of cigarette industry practices.

Results

Generally, Hispanic and Black young adults (vs White) and those with <US$75 000 annual household income (vs ≥US$75 000) knew of fewer e-cigarette industry practices. Black young adults (vs White) and those with <US$75 000 annual household income (vs ≥US$75,000) also had lower levels of agreement with anti-e-cigarette attitudes. Awareness of e-cigarette industry practices (vs awareness of zero practices) were associated with stronger agreement with each of the four anti-e-cigarette attitudes.

Discussion

Public education exposing e-cigarette industry practices may promote anti-e-cigarette attitudes among susceptible young adults who do not use commercial tobacco products. Future research should investigate the utility of anti-e-cigarette industry messaging.
Study on strength damage model considering resistivity and failure characteristics of the frozen soil–rock mixture under different loading rates
Authors: Wang Shuangjiao , Li Zhiqing , Gao Zhiao , Qi Zhiyu , Sun Kai , Hu Ruilin , Zhou Yingxin
Published: December 2023

The strength damage and deformation failure of frozen soil–rock mixture (FSRM) often restrict the safety of the major engineering construction in cold areas or the spatial development of urban underground water-rich rock and soil masses. To investigate the uniaxial strength damage evolution and failure characteristics of FSRM under different loading rates (0.3, 0.6, 3, 6, 30, and 60 mm·min−1) in the quasi-static range, resistivity monitoring and image recognition technology were used to study the time-stress-volumetric strain-resistivity changes. The results indicate that the peak stress, peak strain, initial yield modulus, and tangential modulus of FSRM increase rapidly before increasing slowly as the loading rate increases, and there are critical loading rates and post-peak failure phenomenon. Three distinct types of failure modes, bulge failure, oblique shear failure, and fragmentation failure were observed at low (0.3–0.6 mm·min−1), medium (3–6 mm·min−1), and high loading rates (30–60 mm·min−1), respectively. The macroscopic failure of the FSRM at different loading rates arises from a combination of strain rate hardening of the strength and damage softening of the structure. To predict the stress-strain characteristics at various loading rates, a damage prediction model with a damage variable correction factor considering residual strength was employed based on the improved Duncan–Chang model and damage theory of electrical resistivity, and the predicted results were in good agreement with the experimental data.
Genomic characterization of three bacterial isolates antagonistic to the pea root rot pathogen Aphanomyces euteiches
Authors: Hossain Zakir , Hubbard Michelle
Published: December 2023

Microorganisms living in soil and rhizosphere or inside plants can promote plant growth and health. Genomic characterization of beneficial microbes could shed light on their special features. Through extensive field survey across Saskatchewan, Canada, followed by in vitro and greenhouse characterization, we identified several bacterial isolates antagonistic to pea root rot pathogen Aphanomyces euteiches. In this study, the genomes of three isolates— Pseudomonas sp. rhizo 66 (PD-S66), Pseudomonas synxantha rhizo 25 (Ps-S25), and Serratia sp. root 2 (TS-R2)—were sequenced, assembled, and annotated. Genome size of PD-S66 was 6 279 416 bp with 65 contigs, 59.32% GC content, and 5653 predicted coding sequences (CDS). Genome size of Ps-S25 was 6 058 437 bp with 66 contigs, a GC content of 60.08%, and 5575 predicted CDS. The genome size of TS-R2 was 5 282 152 bp, containing 26 contigs, a GC content of 56.17%, and 4956 predicted CDS. For the identification of the isolates, digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values were determined, which confirmed PD-S66 and TS-R2 as potential new species, belonging to Pseudomonas and Serratia genera, respectively, while Ps-S25 belongs to species Pseudomonas synxantha. Biosynthetic gene clusters were predicted using antiSMASH. The genomic data provided insight into the genetics and biochemical pathways supporting the antagonistic activity against A. euteiches of these isolates.
Numerical simulation of drag reduction for turbulent flow in cylindrical annuli with axial corrugations
Authors: Wang C. , DeGroot C.T. , Floryan J.M.
Published: December 2023

A computational fluid dynamics study has been undertaken to determine the effect of axial corrugations on the inner and outer surfaces of cylindrical annuli in the turbulent flow regime. Results show that axial corrugations on either one or both surfaces has the potential to reduce drag for certain types of corrugations. Overall, it is found that drag reduction is increased with larger amplitude and longer wavelength corrugations. Corrugations on the inner and outer cylinders have similar effect to one another and can be combined on both surfaces for greater drag reduction than the sum of the individual effects. If corrugations are present on both surfaces, an out-of-phase arrangement is shown to yield the best drag reduction. An eccentric alignment of the inner cylinder is also shown to increase potential for drag reduction for the parameters considered in this study. Within the turbulent flow regime, it is shown that the Reynolds number has a weak effect on the potential drag reduction. For the geometries considered in this study, the drag reduction potential is up to approximately 25%.
Elemental concentrations of seven types of green vegetables grown on small-scale farmlands in rural areas of Japan: Differences according to the type and place of production
Authors: Sera K. , Goto S. , Hosokawa T. , Saitoh Y. , Terakawa A. , Ishii K.
Published: December 2023

We collected seven types of green vegetables produced in 11 areas of Japan and analyzed their elemental concentrations. Halogen analyses were performed with and without prior chemical treatment. The most popular type of spinach exhibited the highest concentrations of Mg, K, and Zn, and the lowest concentrations of alkaline earths (Ca and Sr) and halogens (Cl and Br). Japanese mustard spinach, the second most consumed type of spinach in Japan, exhibited the highest concentrations of P, S, Ca, Fe, and Br and adequate amounts of other essential elements. The other five green vegetables had unique elemental concentrations. In particular, radish had the highest concentrations of Ca, Na, and Cl and the lowest concentrations of Mg, P, Cu, and Zn. Leaves and stalks were separately analyzed. Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn concentrations tended to be higher in leaves, and K, Na, and Rb concentrations were higher in stalks. Halogen (Cl and Br) concentrations in Japanese mustard spinach produced on farmland near the coast were remarkably high, suggesting an effect of sea salt. However, even in green vegetables produced near the coast, halogen uptake clearly differed by production area. The concentrations of Cl and Br in Japanese mustard spinach produced in two coastal areas were very high and were not removed by washing, but were mostly lost after boiling samples from Taneichi for 3[Formula: see text]min. In contrast, there was no difference in Na concentrations among vegetables produced in coastal and inland areas. The concentrations of essential elements such as Mg, Ca, and Fe were clearly higher in green vegetables from small- versus large-scale production areas, perhaps attributable to differences in the farming methods employed.
Elemental concentrations in green vegetables from the perspective of urolithiasis risk
Authors: Sera K. , Goto S. , Hosokawa T. , Saitoh Y. , Terakawa A. , Ishii K.
Published: December 2023

Although green vegetables are valuable sources of essential elements, and are safe in that they lack harmful elements, they are high in oxalic acid, increasing the risk of urolithiasis. We performed elemental analyses on spinach (Spinacia oleracea L), Malabar nightshade (Basella alba), and water Morning Glory (Ipomoea aquatica), which contain large amounts of oxalic acid, and compared the data to those of Japanese mustard spinach (Brassica rapa var. perviridis), which is the second most commonly consumed green vegetable (after spinach) in Japan. We focused on concentrations of Ca, Mg, and Sr that suppress the formation of ureteral stones (calculi). The calcium concentration in spinach was [Formula: see text]g/g in leaves and [Formula: see text]g/g in stalks, and the level in Japanese mustard spinach were [Formula: see text]g/g in leaves and [Formula: see text]g/g in stalks. The overall Sr concentration in Japanese mustard spinach was thus 10-fold higher than in spinach, but the Mg concentration was lower than that in spinach. The concentrations of Ca and Sr in Malabar nightshade and water Morning Glory were 3- to 5-fold higher than in spinach. As the former vegetables are consumed much less often than spinach, the risk of urolithiasis is low. We explored how the concentrations of these elements changed after boiling.
Designing Multivalent and Multispecific Biologics
Authors: Kang Jennifer J. , Ohoka Ayako , Sarkar Casim A.
Published: December 2023

In the era of precision medicine, multivalent and multispecific therapeutics present a promising approach for targeted disease intervention. These therapeutics are designed to interact with multiple targets simultaneously, promising enhanced efficacy, reduced side effects, and resilience against drug resistance. We dissect the principles guiding the design of multivalent biologics, highlighting challenges and strategies that must be considered to maximize therapeutic effect. Engineerable elements in multivalent and multispecific biologic design—domain affinities, valency, and spatial presentation—must be considered in the context of the molecular targets as well as the balance of important properties such as target avidity and specificity. We illuminate recent applications of these principles in designing protein and cell therapies and identify exciting future directions in this field, underscored by advances in biomolecular and cellular engineering and computational approaches.
Understanding Contemporary Career Success: A Critical Review
Authors: Seibert Scott , Akkermans Jos , Liu Cheng-Huan (Jerry)
Published: December 2023

This article provides a critical review of developments in the literature on career success. We review work from both the organizational psychology (OP) and organizational behavior (OB) disciplines, highlighting the different perspectives, strengths, and weaknesses of each area, and attempt to reconcile these perspectives on career success to suggest productive new research directions. First, the article reflects on conceptualizations of objective and subjective career success and their relative value to the field. We then discuss several categories of career success predictors drawn from economic, sociological, and social-psychological perspectives used in OP and OB. These include human capital, internal and external labor markets, sponsorship and social capital, stable and malleable individual differences, and career self-management behaviors. We provide research suggestions within each of those sections as well as an integrative research agenda built around several emerging issues and theoretical perspectives, encouraging future research on the implications of sustainable careers, career shocks, marginalized group experiences, and alternative employment arrangements for career success.
Differences in Otolith Microstructure between Reared and Wild Hedinichthys yarkandensis
Authors: Xia Liwei , Wang Chengxin , Wang Xinyue , Hu Linghui , Zi Fangze , Yang Liting , Serekbol Gulden , Song Yong , Chen Shengao
Published: December 2023

In this study, a significant difference was demonstrated between the otolith increments of wild and reared Hedinichthys yarkandensis (day, 1877)

P
 

<
 
0.05

. By comparing the width of the first 40 daily increments of otoliths, it was found that the otolith width of the wild H. yarkandensis was significantly wider than that of the reared H. yarkandensis. The otolith daily increment width of wild H. yarkandensis tends to increase significantly with age and then decreases slowly, while the otolith daily increment width of reared H. yarkandensis grows more steadily. This may be related to the different growing conditions of the two groups. This study investigates the relationship between the early life history of H. yarkandensis and the daily otolith increment and provides a basis for identifying fish groups and fish life histories through differences in otolith microstructure.
Effect of the Dispersion Orders on the Widths of the Coexistence Domain and Combs Spectra of Bright and Dark Solitons in Microresonators
Authors: Kangmafo Miendjim Willy André , Kammegne Caouis , Tamo Tatietse Thomas , Talla Mbé Jimmi Hervé
Published: December 2023

Using the Lugiato–Lefever model, we base on the hysteresis approach to analyze the coexistence domain of bright and dark solitons in the zero, normal, and anomalous dispersion regimes. Our results also highlight that the fourth-order dispersion term affects the width of the frequency combs of both dark and bright solitons. It also allows the appearance of dispersive waves on the soliton spectra that disappear for high values of the fourth-order dispersion followed by the soliton destabilization into harmonic oscillations and oscillation packages.
The Association between Operating Room Nurses’ Characteristics, Competence, and Missed Nursing Care: A National Survey
Authors: Gillespie Brigid M. , Harbeck Emma , Chaboyer Wendy
Published: December 2023

Background. Missed nursing care, which has been explored in various acute care settings, results in adverse patient outcomes and job dissatisfaction in nurses. However, little is known about missed care in the operating room. Objective. This study tested a hypothesised model to identify relationships between nurses’ age, years of experience in the operating room, job satisfaction, and intention to leave which have direct and indirect effects on the frequency of missed care. The frequency of missed care was hypothesised to be mediated by nurses reported perioperative competence and the reasons for missed care. Design. A cross-sectional design using an online survey of Australian perioperative nurses was undertaken in 2022. Methods. All Australian College of Perioperative Nurses members were invited to participate. Missed nursing care was measured using the MISSCARE Survey-OR. Age, years of experience, and intention to leave were single-item measures. Satisfaction was a three-item scale. Competence was measured by the 18-item Perceived Perioperative Competence Scale-Short Form. Structural equation modelling was used to test our hypothesised model. Results. Of the 5,500 nurses invited, 853 (15.5%) responded, but only 602 (10.9%) participant responses were usable for inclusion in the model. The model demonstrates that participants’ age directly predicted the frequency of missed care, nurse role satisfaction, perceived perioperative competence, and reasons for missed care. The reasons for missed care and perceived perioperative competence were mediators that were negatively associated with the frequency of missed care. Conclusions. While the final model explained 22.6% of the frequency of missed care, other variables not identified in this study may influence this outcome.
Hole Cleaning during Drilling Oil and Gas Wells: A Review for Hole-Cleaning Chemistry and Engineering Parameters
Authors: Al-Rubaii Mohammed , Al-Shargabi Mohammed , Al-Shehri Dhafer
Published: December 2023

Efficient hole cleaning during drilling operations is critical to maintain a high rate of penetration and smooth drilling, leading to minimum drilling problems and economical drilling efficiency. This process involves several important factors, including pipe-sticking incidents, higher cuttings concentrations in the annulus, noisy vibration of the drill string, erratic equivalent circulating density, lost circulation incidents, well control incidents, geomechanical hole section instability, tight spots during tripping operations, and excessive usage of chemical additives for conditioning hole sections and mud. Various approaches, including correlations, methodologies, developments, algorithms, equipment, charts, field experience, chemicals, and studies involving experiments, can be used to enhance the efficiency of hole cleaning. The development of hole-cleaning models is important for use as hole-cleaning indicators to ensure optimized drilling efficiency. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the complex field of hole cleaning in the oil and gas industry. It includes techniques, tools, models, and chemical additives. It also encompasses drilling engineering, operations, and chemistry. To facilitate the transit of drill cuttings, maintain hole section stability, cool and lubricate the drill bit, and transmit hydraulic horsepower, this article outlines the important roles of drilling fluids. The significance of chemical additives, including nanoparticles, natural and modified polymers, and synthetic polymers, in preserving wellbore stability, improving drilling efficiency, and lowering drill bit wear is also covered in the study. It concludes by making recommendations for further study to clarify hole cleaning for the reader to facilitate and boost drilling efficiency.