bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictive model of spatial nematic order in confined cell populations
Authors: Miyazako Hiroki , Tsuchiyama Kohei , Nara Takaaki
Published: November 2024

Two-dimensional tissues made of spindle-shaped cells have many applications in the fields of tissue engineering and biotechnology. The uniformity of the tissues is critically affected by topological defects, which are singular points of cell alignment. For systematic control and analysis of defect distributions, this paper proposes a numerical method to predict and quantify spatial distributions of defects in two-dimensional domains. In the proposed method, spindle-shaped cells are modeled as nematic liquid crystals, whose alignment and Frank elastic energy are explicitly expressed. The equilibrium distributions of the defects can then be calculated using a Markov chain Monte Carlo method. The proposed method was experimentally verified by culturing mouse myoblast (C2C12) cells on microwells. The order of the defect scattering was almost the same as for the proposed estimation method, indicating that the proposed method can be used for the systematic design of topographical guides for controlling defect distributions.
Surface modification of MOFs towards flame retardant polymer composites
Authors: Sun Xiuhong , Pan Ye-Tang , Wang Wei , Yang Rongjie
Published: November 2024

Methods for modifying the surface structure of MOFs are categorized and flame-retardant effects of various modification techniques are examined, emphasizing the development of MOF surface morphology and its compatibility with the polymer matrix.
Promotion of a Mo-based ionic crystal precursor for MoS2 wafer growth
Authors: Liu Jinxiu , Zhang Chunchi , Huang Yan , Wu Haijuan , Tan Chao , Wang Zegao
Published: November 2024

The influence of covalent/ionic molybdenum precursors on the quality of MoS2 is investigated. It is found that the reaction of Na2MoO4 as a typical ionic precursor is highly favourable for defect control and surface homogeneity in wafer growth.
Exploring size-dependent optical property alterations in fine-tuning intermetallic PdCd nanocube sizes
Authors: Li Jia-Lin , Tien Ting-Yu , Liao Hung-Chun , Wu Hsin-Lun
Published: November 2024

Size-tuned intermetallic PdCd nanocubes, synthesized via a quantum dot-like method, reveal novel size-dependent optical properties.
On-demand release of encapsulated ZnO nanoparticles and chemotherapeutics for drug delivery applications
Authors: Eixenberger Josh E. , Anders Catherine B. , Hermann Rebecca , Wada Katelyn , Reddy Kongara M. , Montenegro-Brown Raquel J. , Fologea Daniel , Wingett Denise G.
Published: November 2024

The results demonstrate the ability to induce the release of encapsulated ZnO nanoparticles and chemotherapeutics via photo-irradiation. Encapsulation minimizes cytotoxicity of encapsulated cargo but effectively combats cancerous cells upon release.
The effect of gem-difluorination on the conformation and properties of a model macrocyclic system
Authors: Cogswell T. J. , Lewis R. J. , Sköld C. , Nordqvist A. , Ahlqvist M. , Knerr L.
Published: November 2024

Gem-difluorinated alkoxyphenyl group conformational and DMPK properties modulation experimentally demonstrated in a macrocyclic system.
Bipolar electrochemiluminescence at the water/organic interface
Authors: Fu Yuheng , Xie Bingbing , Liu Miaoxia , Hou Shaojuan , Zhu Qunyan , Kuhn Alexander , Zhang Lin , Yang Wensheng , Sojic Neso
Published: November 2024

A novel bipolar electrochemistry approach for wireless dual-color ECL emission at the water/organic interface is developed. This system overcomes spatial limitations of conventional methods, enabling imaging of complex multiphase environments.
Supported ruthenium catalysts for the transformation of aqueous glycerol to hydrogen gas and lactic acid
Authors: Kumar Ankit , Priya Bhanu , Rai Rohit Kumar , Garg Parveen , Deshpande Uday , Singh Sanjay Kumar
Published: November 2024

We report the transformation of aqueous glycerol (GLY) to selectively produce high-purity H2 gas (productivity ∼12 L H2/gRu/h) and lactic acid (LA, yield 86%) over a supported Ru catalyst at 130 °C.
Increasing Motivation Increases Intelligibility Benefits of Perceptual Training in Dysarthria
Authors: Borrie Stephanie A. , Tetzloff Katerina A. , Barrett Tyson S. , Lansford Kaitlin L.
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

Perceptual training offers a promising, listener-targeted option for improving intelligibility of dysarthric speech. Cognitive resources are required for learning, and theoretical models of listening effort and engagement account for a role of listener motivation in allocation of such resources. Here, we manipulate training instructions to enhance motivation to test the hypothesis that increased motivation increases the intelligibility benefits of perceptual training.

Method:

Across two data collection sites, which differed with respect to many elements of study design including age of speaker with dysarthria, dysarthria type and severity, type of testing and training stimuli, and participant compensation, 84 neurotypical adults were randomly assigned to one of two training instruction conditions: enhanced instructions or standard instructions. Intelligibility, quantified as percent words correct, was measured before and after training.

Results:

Listeners who received the enhanced instructions achieved greater intelligibility improvements from training relative to listeners who received the standard instructions. This result was robust across data collection sites and the many differences in methodology.

Conclusions:

This study provides evidence for the role of motivation in improved understanding of dysarthric speech—increasing motivation increases allocation of cognitive resources to the learning process, resulting in improved mapping of the degraded speech signal. This provides empirical support for theoretical models of listening effort and engagement. Clinically, the results show that a simple addition to the training instructions can elevate learning outcomes.
A PAPR correction scheme for LoRa self‐jamming waveforms
Authors: Demeslay Clément , Gautier Roland , Rostaing Philippe , Digulescu Angela , Despina‐Stoian Cristina , Burel Gilles
Published: November 2024

A LoRa self‐jamming scheme that enables secure and covert communications by adding jamming symbols when transmitting is proposed. The scheme has been validated in simulations. The work is continued by evaluating the scheme on real‐world software defined radio (SDR) equipment. Experiments immediately showed that a demodulation is impossible as the received signal is highly distorted. This comes from the fact that adding symbols at transmission actually generates high peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) preventing proper waveform generation by the equipment's hardware. This paper presents a PAPR correction scheme that modifies the waveform. The properties of this modified waveform are analysed and the performances are assessed in simulations with realistic time and frequency synchronization assumption. For the ideal 0 dB PAPR corrected output, the SER performances are close to that of a legacy LoRa communication, while preserving the physical layer security capabilities of the self‐jamming scheme. It is finally shown that our PAPR correction scheme effectively recovers the self‐jamming properties on SDR devices.
Acceptance towards MM-PTM: A Self-Monitoring App for Non-Communicable Diseases
Authors: Purnami Cahya Tri , Nuridzin Dion Zein , Mawarni Atik , Sriatmi Ayun
Published: November 2024

The burden of disability and mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) has increased worldwide. This rise in NCD cases is seen in the productive age group, and there is a growing trend among those aged 10-14 years. This condition threatens the quality of future human resources and impacts demographic bonus achievements and healthcare costs for NCD management. To address this, a self-monitoring application for NCDs (Monitoring Mandiri-Penyakit Tidak Menular or MM-PTM) has been developed to allow adolescents to independently surveil NCD risk factors. This study aims to evaluate user acceptance of the MM-PTM application. A total of 210 undergraduate students used this application and assessed its acceptance by completing a Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) questionnaire. The TAM questionnaire measures four latent constructs: Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness, Attitude Toward Using Technology, and Behavioral Intention To Use. The questionnaire was validated and tested for reliability before use. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that Perceived Usefulness and Attitude Toward Using Technology positively correlated with Behavioral Intention To Use (all p-values < 0.001). This study revealed that Attitude Toward Using Technology is the dominant factor influencing Behavioral Intention To Use the MM-PTM application.
Turetality (Safety Culture Hospitality) Application Model as an Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Culture Media in Hotels in Yogyakarta
Authors: Sulistyorini Anita , Fanani Erianto , Laksana Dian Puspitaningtyas , Katmawanti Septa , Mokhtar Aisah , Sean Hafidhz Azizi Faaiq , Fitriani Niken Ayu , Imamah Ityan Nuril Sofia , Agustin Fryda , Sari Resti Novita
Published: November 2024

The tourism industry sector significantly impacts the national foreign exchange income. Indonesia boasts numerous tourist destinations, among which Yogyakarta stands out. This indeed affects the accommodation facilities for tourists, with hotels being a prominent example. One of the measures taken to enhance these accommodations involves the improvement of hotel services. This enhancement encompasses aspects such as ensuring the safety and well-being of both hotel visitors and staff. Notably, there are still instances where certain hotels exhibit shortcomings in the implementation of occupational health and safety (OHS) culture. The objective of this research is to analyze the requisite needs and develop a prototype application called Turetality (Safety Culture Hospitality), compatible with both Android and iOS platforms. This study employs a quantitative descriptive research methodology. The findings from this research indicate the necessity for both a reporting system for identified issues and a periodic monitoring mechanism, as there exists potential jeopardy to both health and safety. This application offers a resolution to prevalent issues such as delayed manual reporting and instances of unrecorded reporting. The interface and content of the application are tailored to meet the OHS requirements within the hotel industry. In conclusion, the prototype application Turetality stands to be well-received by users due to its capacity of being able to provide ease of use and secure handling of OHS reporting data within the hotel industry.
The Effect of Iron Supplementation on Work Fatigue Level in Female Nurses
Authors: Saputra Fauzan Ihza , Ekawati  , Wahyuni Ida
Published: November 2024

Iron fulfillment refers to an attempt to achieve the ideal conditions of every human body’s metabolism stability, so it is crucial, especially for women considering the monthly cycle that reduces it. Dual role existence as an additional burden for working women also makes female workers vulnerable to work stress and job burnout. The nursing sector at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital Semarang, which is dominated by women with an increasingly workload due to being one of the referral centers for health facilities on the north coast and locations that often experience flooding, is very close to excessive job fatigue. This study aims to analyze iron tablet supplementation’s effect on female nurses’ fatigue levels in an inpatient unit. This research is quantitative with a quasi-experimental method and one group pre-test and post-test design. This study populations were female nurses in the inpatient unit at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital Semarang, with 40 people as a sample using the purposive sampling method. The dependent variable in this study was work fatigue level measured using reaction time application to determine reaction speed, while the independent variable was iron tablet supplementation for 4 weeks with 2 consumptions each week. The results showed that there was an increase in the reaction speed of respondents with an average of 44.8 milliseconds. The statistical test used was a Paired T-test test with measurement results showing a p-value of 0.0001 (p<0.05), so it is known that there is a difference before and after supplementation. It can be concluded that iron tablet supplementation has an effect in increasing the reaction speed of respondents which means a decrease in work fatigue level.
Ambulatory Patient Satisfaction Indicators at Tugurejo Regional General Hospital in Semarang City
Authors: Suryawati Chriswardani
Published: November 2024

Tugurejo Hospital is a Type B hospital operated by the regional government of Central Java Province. Each year, the hospital conducts patient satisfaction surveys. Between 83% and 94% of patients report being satisfied with the services provided by the hospital; however, there is a large variation in patient satisfaction between types /departments. Ambulatory (outpatient) services continue to see an increasing number of patients per day. While most existing research focuses on the factors influencing patient satisfaction, there is a pressing need for research on patient satisfaction indicators. Such research is crucial as it provides hospitals with practical tools and references to assess and improve patient satisfaction. This study aims to identify indicators of ambulatory patient satisfaction in Tugurejo Hospital. This observational study employs a quantitative approach. Data were collected cross-sectionally using a questionnaire and analysed descriptively and through principal component analysis. the sample consisted of 150 ambulatory patients. The highest levels of satisfaction were for customer service officers (98.7%) and waiting room comfort (98.7%), while the lowest satisfaction was for service announcements (58.7%). All measured variables were found to be related to ambulatory patient satisfaction. There were 65 satisfaction items with an extraction value above 0.800. Four components were identified: service products, the behaviour of hospital staff, communication, and hospital facilities. A total of 26 satisfaction indicators were identified. The hospital should review these indicators and findings to continue improving patient satisfaction.
Epidemiology and Characteristics of Leptospirosis Inpatients in Demak Regency in 2018-2023
Authors: Efriana Syahilla , Sutiningsih Dwi , Agushybana Farid , Martini Martini , Fauzi Muh , Ansori Arif Nur Muhammad
Published: November 2024

Demak Regency is an endemic area of leptospirosis. Cases of death due to leptospirosis in humans in Demak Regency in 2018-2023 with a CFR of >11%. Many deaths are found in leptospirosis patients who are hospitalized due to their poor prognosis. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of leptospirosis patients who are hospitalized in Demak Regency. This study used a quantitative descriptive design. Patients’ data were taken from medical records at Sunan Kalijaga, Sultan Fatah, and NU Islamic Hospital in Demak Regency. The results of the study showed that of the 73 confirmed cases, 58.9% were male patients, and 69.9% were >40 years old. Of the 22 deaths, women exceeded men with 54.5%, and >40 years old at 81.8%. Based on laboratory examinations, the average platelet level was 110.18 cells/mm, creatinine level was 3.66 mg/dL, and urea level was 131.54 mg/dL. In the case of death, the patients’ platelet level <100.000 cells/mm was 86.3%, creatinine level >3 mg/dL was 77.2%, and urea level >90 mg/dL was 86.3%. Symptoms that often appeared were myalgia. In this study, icteric and oliguria were not always symptoms in leptospirosis patients who died. Yet dyspnea and icteric symptoms have the potential to be predictors of death in leptospirosis patients. As many as 64.38% of patients did not have comorbidities. As many as 69.86% of leptospirosis patients were given a single type of antibiotic and 30.14% with a combination of antibiotics. Overall, 100% of the patients received antibiotics based on the severity of the disease. Detailed case description reports and patient prognosis need to be carried out to improve the handling of patients with leptospirosis.
Analysis of the Incidence Rates of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Based on Land Cover, NDVI, and NDBI in Bengkulu City in 2018-2021
Authors: Gunasari Lala Foresta Valentine , Pricaro Jonathan Farrel , Fauzi Yulian , Triana Dessy
Published: November 2024

In 2022, the incidence rate (IR) of dengue in Indonesia was 34.33%, with environmental factors playing a role in its distribution. Changes in land cover can alter microclimatic conditions, such as rainfall and temperature, which indirectly affect the habitat, breeding, and activity of mosquito vectors This study employed a quantitative method with an ecological approach and a time series model to analyze land cover, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and the normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) in Bengkulu City between 2018 and 2021. Accuracy tests for each map involved 42 sample points, totaling 504 points overall. The samples were calculated using the overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient formulas assisted by a confusion matrix. Statistical tests, including multiple linear regression and classical assumption tests, were also carried out. The results indicated that the IR of dengue in Bengkulu City decreased from 2018 to 2021. The low-density category of NDVI had a nondirectional influence on the IR of dengue (-0,733), while the moderate-density category of NDVI had a unidirectional influence on the IR of dengue (0,487). NDVI simultaneously influenced the IR of dengue (R2 = 38%). Meanwhile, NDBI and land cover simultaneously and partially did not influence the IR of dengue. An increase in low-density NDVI areas reduced the IR of dengue, while a decrease in moderate-density NDVI areas reduced the IR of dengue (β = - 0.487).
Reproduction of the mineral resource base of the energy sector as the most important component of ensuring Russia’s energy security
Authors: Senderov Sergey
Published: November 2024

The situation with the production and consumption of primary fuel and energy resources in 2021-2023 is analyzed. The main threats to energy security and analysis groups declared in the Doctrine of Energy Security of the Russian Federation are characterized. The situation with the reproduction of the mineral resource base of the energy sector is analyzed based on the assessment of the state of the relevant indicators of energy security at the federal level. The main reasons are analyzed and conclusions are made on the emerging trends in the renewal of industrially recoverable reserves of the main primary fuel and energy resources.
The impact of changes in gas consumption on the selection of critical gas industry objects
Authors: Vorobev Sergey , Edelev Alexey
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the problem of finding critically important objects of the gas industry from the standpoint of ensuring energy security. A critically important object is a partial or complete failure of which can cause significant damage to the country from the fuel and energy complex as a whole or within a separate energy system. The current state of the gas industry is characterized, on the one hand, by a significant decrease in gas exports to Europe, and on the other hand, by a significantly increased gas consumption within the country. The article presents the results of calculations in which the authors analyze how the change in the structure of gas consumption affected the previously found critically important objects of the gas industry. The change in the significance of these objects on the operability of the Russian gas industry is shown. Conclusions are made on the need to adjust the list of critically important objects of the gas industry.
Energy storage use efficiency in the context of Belorussian power system technological limitations
Authors: Kashyn Mikhail , Molochko Andrey , Novikov Nikolay , Novikov Alexander
Published: November 2024

The paper provides an efficiency assessment of lithium-ion energy storage unit installation in the Belarusian power system at thermal power plants, in power supply and distribution networks, together with renewable energy sources, at electric charging stations for electric vehicles.
Battery Energy Storage System Placement And Sizing In Distribution Networks
Authors: Sorokin Dmitry
Published: November 2024

The article discusses the methodology for selecting installation locations and parameters of battery energy storage systems (BESS) in electrical distribution networks. The methodology is applicable to BESS which implement the functions of ensuring the reliability of power supply to consumers (use of BESS as a backup or emergency source of power supply), as well as the function of regulating voltage levels in the electrical network (regulating reactive power by the BESS inverter).
Markers of cellulose insulation ageing: Calculation of total methanol quantity in the internal insulation of power transformers
Authors: Darian L.A. , Obraztsov R.M. , Maksimchenko A.V. , Verakso D.E. , Polishchuk V.P. , Logunov V.A.
Published: November 2024

The methods of calculation of methanol quantity in the internal insulation of power transformers (PT) based on the values of its concentration in transformer oil (TO) are considered. The total methanol quantity formed during the operation of PTs allows estimating the degree of degradation of cellulose insulation. We are considering the models for calculation of the total methanol quantity in PT on the base of:

literature data characterizing the methanol balance in the cellulose-oil system;

data on the reduction of methanol concentration after TO replacement during total overhaul.

The errors analysis on the base of the results of calculations using the models showed that their value can reach 30%. Reduction of errors in the calculation results should be based on a deeper study of the kinetics of methanol sorption processes by cellulose and taking into account the structural features of different types of cellulose insulation in the particular PT.

The considered models can be recommended for estimation of total quantity of any dissolved decomposition products of cellulose insulation in TO, which can become an important indicator of technical condition of PT.
Control Algorithm of Energy Storage System Based on Virtual Synchronous Generator
Authors: Suvorov Aleksey , Askarov Alisher , Rudnik Vladimir
Published: November 2024

Frequency control is one of the most important tasks in electric power systems. However, as a result of the ongoing introduction into modern power systems of inertia-free generating facilities based on power converters, mainly renewable energy sources, this task is becoming more complex. This specificity is especially severe in microgrids, which are characterized by significant frequency changes. An effective way to solve such a problem is the use of energy storage systems (ESS) with grid-forming power converters. For this purpose, the paper develops a new structure of the control algorithm based on a current-controlled virtual synchronous generator (CC-VSG), in which the damping of oscillations is implemented via a feedforward controller. Also, a proportional-integral control loop is added to the structure of the CC-VSG to control the state of charge of the ESS. A methodology based on the separation of bandwidths of different control loops is proposed for tuning the CC-VSG. To confirm the obtained results, time-domain simulation of the microgrid with ESS using the PSCAD software was performed.
Research on Impact of Solar Power Plants on 110 kV Line Current Differential Protection Operation
Authors: Navolochny Alexander , Onisova Olga , Salmin Alexander
Published: November 2024

The paper presents the research on the impact of renewable energy sources based power plants interfaced to power grids through inverters on differential protection of a line connecting such a power plant to an external grid. The paper considers the case of a weak power grid with a relatively high-capacity solar power plant. An approach to evaluate the IBR impact on differential protection in steady-state conditions under typical inverter control scenarios is suggested. The factors affecting the differential protection operation are revealed. The brief guidance concerning the application of differential protection in such power grids is given.
Development of a vector control system based on the DFSMC for the study of transients in the conditions of creating a digital twin of the power system
Authors: Suprunov Igor , Novikov Nikolay , Novikov Alexander
Published: November 2024

The article considers an event to increase throughput using smart grid technologies (FACTS) based on a combined vector control device for mode parameters (power flow) based on an asynchronous electromechanical frequency converter (DFSMC). A mathematical model of an electric power system with the proposed combined device has been developed, taking into account both electromechanical and electromagnetic transients. The results of the calculation of transients for the test circuit are presented, taking into account the implementation of the proposed mathematical model on the developed software and computing complex.
Fault Location with Increased Reliability for Overhead Transmission Lines
Authors: Lachugin Vladimir , Podshivalin Andrey , Ismukov Grigory , Lvov Alexandr
Published: November 2024

The double-ended traveling wave (TW) method is a promising tool for fault location on transmission lines. It implies that high-frequency transients during fault inception are recorded in specific devices, which identify the precise time, when a front of an electromagnetic traveling wave reaches the corresponding end of the transmission line. The principles of operation, methods of calculations and test data of the developed traveling wave FL (TWFL) system are presented. The results of field tests and experience of operation of the TWFL system on the double-circuit 220 kV Tommot-Maya transmission line including short-circuit faults caused by lightning strikes are discussed.
Automated experimental complex on the platform of modern ASCME
Authors: Omorov Turatbek , Asiev Abai , Osmonova Rima , Takyrbashev Beishenaly , Imanakunova Zgenishkul , Suerkulov Manas
Published: November 2024

Currently, in order to automate and digitalize processes in electrical distribution networks (DEN), ASCME software and hardware systems are widely used, which are mainly designed to solve problems of commercial electricity metering. At the same time, these automated systems do not solve such urgent problems as optimizing the operating modes of distribution networks, operational monitoring of technical and commercial losses of electricity, as well as diagnosing network conditions, including localizing the coordinates of unauthorized withdrawals of electricity (UWE). To date, the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic and a number of foreign scientific centers have developed the scientific foundations and technologies for solving the above problems in real time. In order to test and study the effectiveness of these new results, it is advisable to create an automated experimental complex (AEC), which is essentially a physical model of ASCME. This is due to the fact that the use of automated information systems currently used in distribution networks for this purpose is practically impossible. This article discusses the general structure, functional tasks and main directions of research using AEC. The complex includes a physical model of the distribution network and the main functional elements of modern automated control and accounting systems for electricity (ASCAE), such as a data concentrator, a computer server, single-phase and three-phase electricity meters and a telecommunications module for transmitting and receiving data. The basis of the special software of the experimental complex is made up of new methods and technologies for solving the above functional problems, which are not included in modern AMR systems. AEC is planned to be used not only for conducting scientific research and experiments, but also for the educational process in technical universities with areas of training in the electrical power industry.
Analytical Comparison of Leading Sustainability Systems in the Iraqi Environment
Authors: Al-Shammari Mustafa , Al-juboori Omar Akrm , Erzaij Kadhim
Published: November 2024

Over the last two decades, several sustainability assessment methods have developed as key accelerators for the development and improvement of sustainable industrial buildings. Some of these systems, like as LEED or BREEAM, are considered international, whereas others, such as Pearl Rating Systems (PRS), are local. Although they all share similar goals, they can lead to the construction of green buildings or the improvement of the efficiency of existing conventional buildings. Each technique has its structure, certification process, and weighting norms. The inequalities have prompted various questions about whether global assessment systems appropriately consider the country’s national settings. This study aims to compare the Pearl System, the Gulf region’s most popular Pearl, to the Iraqi High-rise Buildings Sustainability System, as well as the two most prominent international systems, LEED and BREEAM. The goal is to evaluate the possibility of applying codes to the performance of newly constructed buildings in Iraq using the sustainability approach, as well as to identify the benefits and drawbacks of this sophisticated system. The study included a multi-method approach, including a survey of the literature and open and closed interviews with local and worldwide experts on sustainable buildings. These techniques provided a full overview of the individual evaluation plans, allowing for required comparisons. The results revealed that the independent system combines the majority of the others while also differing from them in terms of sustainability techniques, resulting in an appealing impact on building design, performance, occupants of classified structures, and the environment.
Influence of nanosilica and polypropylene fibers on the permeability, compressive and flexural strength of pervious concrete
Authors: Valderrama Rodrigo , Santos Diana , Eyzaguirre Carlos
Published: November 2024

The article examines the importance of pervious concrete in construction, emphasizing the need to balance the required permeability with necessary strength. The incorporation of nanosilica and polypropylene fibers into pervious concrete was evaluated, considering compressive and flexural strength, void percentage, and permeability. The methodology included an experimental mix design and specific tests. The results showed significant improvements in the properties of pervious concrete. For instance, compressive strength increased from 128.01 kg/cm² in the standard concrete to 216.08 kg/cm² with the addition of 0.12% polypropylene and 1% nanosilica. Similarly, flexural strength exhibited substantial increases, from 18.76 kg/cm² in the standard to 34.11 kg/cm² and 43.42 kg/cm² with the respective dosages. Regarding permeability, the coefficient decreased from 2.60 cm/s in the standard concrete to 2.50 cm/s with the addition of 0.12% polypropylene and 1% nanosilica. In summary, the research supports the effectiveness of these additives in enhancing the performance of pervious concrete, with improvements of up to 68.8% in compressive strength and 131.4% in flexural strength.
Effect of column dimension on the punching shear capacity of concrete slabs reinforced with GFRP bars
Authors: Junaid M. Talha , Awad Raghad , Barakat Samer , Metawa Abdulrahman
Published: November 2024

Traditional steel reinforcements are highly susceptible to corrosion affecting their durability and leading to structural weaknesses. The use of GFRP bars offers a corrosion-resistant alternative, potentially extending the lifespan and durability of concrete structures. With this in mind, the current research looks at the efficiency of GFRP bars towards the punching shear capacity of slabs. This study, in specific, explores the effect of column size on the punching shear capacity of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) reinforced square concrete slabs. The research involves square concrete slabs (1500×1500 mm) reinforced with GFRP bars, which were centrally loaded until failure. Parameters like the ultimate load capacity, crack patterns, strain development in the GFRP bars and concrete, and critical punching shear area were assessed to evaluate the slabs’ behavior. The punching shear area measured at failure was notably larger than the distance specified by design codes.
Carbon matters: Fossil fuels and the Energy Transition
Authors: Craig Jonathan , Latham Andrew
Published: November 2024

Rapid technological advances across a variety of industries are enabling society’s quest for sustainability. The resulting “Energy Transition” is causing an unprecedented shift in how the world’s population consumes energy and natural resources, driven by a range of factors including decarbonisation, economics, access to energy, societal expectations around environment and climate, energy efficiency, political and regulatory forces and emerging technologies. The “Energy Transition” will occur at different speeds and shapes in different geographies, depending on local economic and societal pressures. World energy demand is continuing to rise, mainly in the emerging economies of India, China and Africa, driven by population growth and economic development. Many countries are trying to do the “right thing” for their population and their economy and are not necessarily driven by a desire to “save the planet”. Maximising income to fund important social and education programmes is often higher in the priorities of some governments than reducing carbon emissions. The energy transition is not as simple as doing what’s right for the planet. Governments, businesses and people in fossil fuel producing regions have shown that they will protect their economies despite the threat of environmental harm. The fossil fuel era will not be over soon. Despite the rapid growth in the use of renewable energy resources, in all reasonable scenarios there will still be a need for oil, gas and coal for the foreseeable future if we are to meet the social and economic expectations of the world’s growing population. The energy mix will certainly change as we try to reduce carbon emissions, but the speed and magnitude of that change will depend heavily on national economic priorities, political will and public opinion. The world’s need for sustainable energy will change the geography of the oil and gas industry, increasingly intertwining it with renewables and carbon sequestration. The oil and gas industry of the 2030s, and beyond, will focus where synergies with renewable energy, carbon sequestration and, increasingly, industrial complexes, are strongest. Providing sufficient affordable and sustainable energy while mitigating the effects of climate change are now the world’s greatest challenges. They are complex issues and are no simple solutions. It is important to remember in any discussion about the energy transition that it is not the energy source that is the problem, it’s the environmental impact of using it. This applies just as much to renewable energy resources as to fossil fuels. How fast can we realistically move towards a low-carbon future and still meet the world’s growing demand for energy? What are the key constraints on the rate of change? –and what role will geoscientist play in driving and delivering the new energy solutions? The “Energy Transition” is a huge responsibility, but also a huge opportunity, one in which we all have our part to play.
From electrolysers to fuel cells
Authors: Sofianos Maria Veronica
Published: November 2024

The following article presents two key technologies that will play a critical role in decarbonising the energy sector and combat climate change. The first technology is water electrolysis which has the ability to use renewable energy to split the water into hydrogen and oxygen. The second technology is fuel cells that can use hydrogen produced from renewable electricity and oxygen from the atmosphere to produce electricity and heat. The types of water electrolysis and fuel cells technologies are outlined in detail together with their applications. Their key challenges that have prevented these technologies from being used at scale are briefly described including the current research focus to face these challenges.
New materials for the recovery and storage of thermal energy
Authors: Northam de la Fuente T. S. , Vettori I. , Ismail K. M. , Gaboardi M. , Di Lisio V. , Cangialosi D. , Coto P. B. , Otero-de-la-Roza A. , Fernandez-Alonso F.
Published: November 2024

A significant fraction of the energy generated for industrial and domestic applications is lost in the form of heat. Because of this, thermal-energy storage materials are receiving increasing attention as a means of storing the generated heat for later use. In this paper, a brief description is given of two types of materials used in thermal-energy-storage devices – phase change materials for latent heat storage and photoswitches for chemical energy storage. In addition, we provide a succint account of the experimental and computational tools needed to understand the microscopic mechanisms of energy storage and to facilitate the rational design of new materials.
Energy from nuclear fission
Authors: Ripani Marco
Published: November 2024

The physics of nuclear fission will be briefly illustrated, from the basic mechanism behind this phenomenon to the relevant physical quantities like nuclear cross sections, neutron flux and reaction products, together with the accompanying phenomenon of neutron capture and its role in determining how the fuel transforms in a nuclear reactor. The basic concepts underlying the operation of different types of nuclear reactors will be illustrated, along with the concept of fuel cycle. The aspects of radioactive waste, fuel resources and safety will also be briefly illustrated.
Inertial confinement fusion: Recent results and perspectives
Authors: Batani Dimitri
Published: November 2024

This paper presents an overview of the principles of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and of recent results, describing what are the difficulties which had to be overcome in order to get ignition, as demonstrated at the National Ignition Facility in the United States in 2022. It also describes the scientific and technological challenges that should be met to be able to develop laser-driven fusion reactors in the next years.
Intérêt de l’examen du cheval monté et de l’analyse du geste sportif
Authors: Gangl Monika , Benoit Philippe
Published: November 2024

L’observation du cheval monté et l’analyse du geste sportif donnent souvent des informations pertinentes complémentaires à l’examen locomoteur conventionnel en main. Celui-ci est toujours réalisé avant, afin d’exclure toute lésion qui pourrait s’aggraver lorsque le cheval est monté. La demande d’analyse du geste sportif est fréquente chez les cavaliers de haut niveau, mais elle a également un intérêt chez les chevaux de sport de niveau inférieur, car plusieurs études ont démontré qu’un pourcentage non négligeable de douleurs musculosquelettiques ne sont visibles que lorsque le cheval est monté. Lors du travail sur le plat et en dressage, les gênes peuvent devenir visibles lors du travail sur 2 ou 3 pistes, dans les transitions, sur les courbes serrées, lors du rassembler ou dans les changements de direction. À l’obstacle, les anomalies du geste peuvent apparaître lors de la foulée de battue, du planer et de la réception, ou en parcours lors de combinaisons et de tournants. L’effet des anesthésies diagnostiques distales sur le geste sportif peut être évalué, mais seulement après un bilan d’imagerie préalable. Enfin, des grilles d’expression de douleur chez le cheval monté ont été élaborées par des chercheurs ; elles aident à différencier les signes de douleur des problèmes comportementaux ou induits par le cavalier.
L’examen échographique de l’appareil locomoteur sur le terrain : matériel et réalisation
Authors: Rosselló Antonella Spadaro
Published: November 2024

Afin de réaliser un examen échographique de l’appareil locomoteur sur le terrain, de bonnes conditions de travail sont essentielles. Mettre en sécurité les personnes, le cheval ainsi que le matériel est une priorité. De plus, une préparation correcte de la zone d’étude permet une acquisition d’images de meilleure qualité et donc facilite l’interprétation des résultats. Chaque clinicien devra définir quel est le matériel le plus adapté à sa pratique sur le terrain. Il est donc conseillé, avant d’acheter son propre échographe, de consulter les différents commerciaux afin de pouvoir essayer et découvrir chaque appareil par soi-même. Plusieurs critères sont à prendre en compte lors du choix de l’échographe, car celui-ci sera un outil diagnostique qui accompagnera chaque vétérinaire pendant plusieurs années lors de la pratique sur le terrain.
IRM bas champ debout du pied chez le cheval de sport : bilan de deux décennies d’examens
Authors: Ségard-Weisse Émilie , Drumond Bianca , Aurélie Thomas-Cancian , Michael Schramme
Published: November 2024

L’IRM bas champ debout est désormais couramment utilisée en imagerie orthopédique équine. Les avantages majeurs de cette IRM spécifiquement conçue pour l’extrémité distale des membres du cheval sont sa facilité d’accès, son coût moindre pour le propriétaire par rapport à une IRM haut champ, et l’absence d’anesthésie générale. Ils expliquent l’essor considérable de cette technique d’imagerie au cours des 2 dernières décennies.

L’IRM du pied offre un bilan lésionnel plus complet que l’imagerie conventionnelle, permettant d’affiner le pronostic dans de nombreux cas et de définir le protocole de traitement le plus approprié. Elle donne lieu à un diagnostic plus précoce de la maladie naviculaire dégénérative et a fait son apparition dans certains examens de transaction.

Véritable révolution diagnostique, l’IRM a contribué à un accroissement très important des connaissances de la pathologie du pied du cheval. Ces nouvelles connaissances ont fait évoluer l’interprétation des examens radiographiques et échographiques, permettant d’appréhender mieux leurs limites, mais a!ussi d’affiner l’évaluation de certaines anomalies.
Next Generation Healthcare: Xpomet 2024 kommt nach Leipzig
Authors: Drauschke Stefan
Published: November 2024

Am 3. und 4. Dezember findet in Leipzig die Xpomet Medicinale statt, die nach ihrem Debut 2018 und 2019 wieder zum Leben erweckt wird.
Personalisierte Medizin: „Die teuerste Behandlung ist die, die nicht wirkt.“
Authors: Hohnstein Aileen
Published: November 2024

Präzisere Diagnostik, nebenwirkungsarme und zielgerichtete Therapien – in die personalisierte Medizin wird große Hoffnungen gesetzt. Mit dem Modellvorhaben Genomsequenzierung soll es Patienten nun erleichtert werden, individualisierte Behandlungen zu erhalten.
Patientenkommunikation: Persönlich, aber bitte digital
Authors: Iserloh Manuel
Published: November 2024

Vor wenigen Jahren waren lange Warteschleifen und umständliche Telefonate bei der Terminvereinbarung für Patienten und Zuweiser Alltag. Befunde wurden per Post oder Fax übermittelt, manuelle Fehlerquellen waren zahlreich, und der Aufwand für Kliniken immens. Mit der Digitalisierung ändert sich das grundlegend.
Holomedizin: Erstes Echtzeithologramm bei Herzoperationen
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: November 2024

Am Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW in Bad Oeynhausen wird derzeit eine 3D-Technik eingesetzt, die der von Mixed-Reality-Brillen überlegen ist. Sie ermöglicht es Katheterspezialisten erstmals, ein Patientenherz während der Operation in Echtzeit als dreidimensionales Hologramm zu visualisieren.
Gefäßmedizin: Thrombosen noch vor dem Patienten erspüren
Authors: Kircher Marco , Schulze Julia
Published: November 2024

In einem internationalen Projekt arbeiten 18 Partner an einer tragbaren Ultraschallmanschette, die kontinuierlich und vollautomatisch Venenchecks durchführt und so frühzeitig eine beginnende tiefe Venenthrombose erkennen kann.
Gesundheitsdaten: So schafft kluge Prävention mehr Sicherheit
Authors: Angler Yannik
Published: November 2024

Die zunehmende Digitalisierung der Krankenhäuser erfordert ein höheres Schutzniveau für gesundheitsbezogene Daten. Diese sind sensibel und müssen vor Datendiebstahl geschützt werden. Kliniken brauchen daher Strategien zur Vorsorge gegen einen Datenverlust. Sonst wird die nächste Cyberattacke teuer.
UKE: Arbeitszeiten in der Pflege völlig neu denken
Authors: Pabst Inga
Published: November 2024

Am Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE) werden seit 2019 neue Arbeitszeitmodelle in der Pflege getestet und umgesetzt. Mit neuen Schichtplänen und mobilem Arbeiten sollen rare Pflegefachkräfte gewonnen und gehalten werden. kma hat mit Projektkoordinatorin Ulrike Mühle gesprochen.
Capitation-Modelle: Ausweg aus der Finanzierungskrise
Authors: Benstetter Franz , Lauerer Michael , Negele Daniel , Nagel Eckhard
Published: November 2024

Im deutschen Gesundheitssystem bestehen zahlreiche Herausforderungen und Verbesserungspotenziale. Capitation als sektorenumspannendes Vergütungs- und Versorgungsmodell ist ein vielversprechender Ansatz, um rigide Sektorengrenzen zu überwinden, Versorgungszugang und -qualität zu verbessern sowie Regulierungsdichte und Fallzahlenfokussierung zu reduzieren.
Optimizing protic ionic liquid electrolyte for pre-intercalated Ti3C2Tx MXene supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Osti Naresh C. , Liang Kun , Prenger Kaitlyn , Thapaliya Bishnu P. , Tyagi Madhusudan , Dai Sheng , Naguib Michael , Mamontov Eugene
Published: November 2024

Electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) are of increasing importance in energy storage from renewable sources. The properties of the electrode and electrolyte materials influence the energy and power densities of EDLCs. We examined the specific capacitance and ion dynamics of a protic ionic liquid confined in pre-intercalated Ti3C2Tx MXene. Our electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the creation of a protic ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-H-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (BuIMH-NTf2), using a mixture of ionic liquid, 1-butyl imidazole (BuIM), and salt, bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (HNTf2), in a ratio of 0.8:0.2 led to the optimal capacitance. Remarkably, quasi-elastic neutron scattering measurements revealed increased particle mobility at this composition, attributed to the more efficient accumulation of BuIMH+ on the electrode surface. This deposit of additional ions results in fewer BuIM molecules away from the surface, enhancing their mobility due to reduced crowding. This composition-dependent electrochemical behavior will guide the formulation of more efficient protic ionic liquid systems, enabling faster ion transport in energy storage devices.