bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Criminal liability for illegal implementation of medical and pharmaceutical activity: comparative analysis of legislation of the post-Soviet states
Authors: Sungurova Ekaterina Dmitrievna
Published: March 2021

The goal of this research consists in comparison of the normative legal acts that regulate the questions of criminal liability for illegal implementation of medical and pharmaceutical activity in Belarus, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, and the Russian Federation. The article employs the general scientific methods of cognition: analysis, synthesis, generalization. For identification of differences in the content of the corresponding legal norms, the author applies the comparative legal method, which consists in comparative analysis of the normative legal acts of the post-Soviet states. The research materials contain the norms of criminal law, as well as normative legal acts in the sphere of licensing. The novelty of this work consists in the fact that pursuit of ways to improve the national criminal law, the author assesses the possibilities of reception of certain provisions of the foreign legislation. The article explores the approaches towards systematization of crimes for illegal conduct of medical and pharmaceutical activity in the Criminal Code. The conclusion is made on the three approaches of the legislators towards establishment of origin of the object of crime. Analysis is performed on the current state of the practice of constructing criminal law sanctions of the norms on liability for illegal implementation of medical and pharmaceutical activity. The common feature of the Russian, Belarusian, Armenian, Kazakh, Azerbaijani, and Kyrgyz law consists in imposition of a fine as the basic punishment. The size of penalties are compared. It is proposed to expand the sanction of the Article 235 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation with an additional penalty in form of revocation of right to hold a certain post or conduct a particular activity for a certain period of time.
Novels and Innovations in law: concept and correlation
Authors: Osipov Mikhail Yur'evich
Published: March 2021

Correlation between the concepts of “novel” and “innovation” in law is one of the topical problems faced by the modern legal science. Its relevance is substantiated by the fact that the improper use of one or another term in legal science (for example, the term "”innovation” instead of the term “novel” may lead to misperception and complicate the research of these legal phenomena. The goal consists in establishing correlation between the concepts of “novel” and “innovation”, as well as the criteria for their classification based on the analysis of the essence of these two concepts. The subject of this article is such principles of the novels and innovations in the legal system that impact the characteristics of these legal phenomena. In the course of research, it was determined that law incorporates both, novels and innovations, which should not be confused, and correlate with each other as a whole (legal novels) and as a part (legal innovations). The article provides classification of legal novels and legal innovations in accordance to various criteria, namely depending on the type of legal process, form of expression (of novels and innovations in law) and (legal novels and innovations). The latter are distinguished by the fact that they are reflected in the legal norms. At the same time, innovations in the law and legal system imply the fundamentally new and (or) significantly improved processes that take place in the legal system, as well as their results. Novelties, in turn, imply any amendments to the law and the legal system.
Respiratory depression and analgesia by opioid drugs in freely behaving larval zebrafish
Authors: Zaig Shenhab , da Silveira Scarpellini Carolina , Montandon Gaspard
Published: March 2021

An opioid epidemic is spreading in North America with millions of opioid overdoses annually. Opioid drugs, like fentanyl, target the mu opioid receptor system and induce potentially lethal respiratory depression. The challenge in opioid research is to find a safe pain therapy with analgesic properties but no respiratory depression. Current discoveries are limited by lack of amenable animal models to screen candidate drugs. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an emerging animal model with high reproduction and fast development, which shares remarkable similarity in their physiology and genome to mammals. However, it is unknown whether zebrafish possesses similar opioid system, respiratory and analgesic responses to opioids than mammals. In freely-behaving larval zebrafish, fentanyl depresses the rate of respiratory mandible movements and induces analgesia, effects reversed by μ-opioid receptor antagonists. Zebrafish presents evolutionary conserved mechanisms of action of opioid drugs, also found in mammals, and constitute amenable models for phenotype-based drug discovery.
Control and regulation of acetate overflow in Escherichia coli
Authors: Millard Pierre , Enjalbert Brice , Uttenweiler-Joseph Sandrine , Portais Jean-Charles , Létisse Fabien
Published: March 2021

Overflow metabolism refers to the production of seemingly wasteful by-products by cells during growth on glucose even when oxygen is abundant. Two theories have been proposed to explain acetate overflow inEscherichia coli– global control of the central metabolism and local control of the acetate pathway – but neither accounts for all observations. Here, we develop a kinetic model ofE. colimetabolism that quantitatively accounts for observed behaviours and successfully predicts the response ofE. colito new perturbations. We reconcile these theories and clarify the origin, control, and regulation of the acetate flux. We also find that, in turns, acetate regulates glucose metabolism by coordinating the expression of glycolytic and TCA genes. Acetate should not be considered a wasteful end-product since it is also a co-substrate and a global regulator of glucose metabolism inE. coli. This has broad implications for our understanding of overflow metabolism.
Quantifying absolute gene expression profiles reveals distinct regulation of central carbon metabolism genes in yeast
Authors: Yu Rosemary , Vorontsov Egor , Sihlbom Carina , Nielsen Jens
Published: March 2021

In addition to controlled expression of genes by specific regulatory circuits, the abundance of proteins and transcripts can also be influenced by physiological states of the cell such as growth rate and metabolism. Here we examine the control of gene expression by growth rate and metabolism, by analyzing a multi-omics dataset consisting of absolute-quantitative abundances of the transcriptome, proteome, and amino acids in 22 steady-state yeast cultures. We find that transcription and translation are coordinately controlled by the cell growth rate via RNA polymerase II and ribosome abundance, but they are independently controlled by nitrogen metabolism via amino acid and nucleotide availabilities. Genes in central carbon metabolism, however, are distinctly regulated and do not respond to the cell growth rate or nitrogen metabolism as all other genes. Understanding these effects allows the confounding factors of growth rate and metabolism to be accounted for in gene expression profiling studies.
Wnt signaling enhances macrophage responses to IL-4 and promotes resolution of atherosclerosis
Authors: Weinstock Ada , Rahman Karishma , Yaacov Or , Nishi Hitoo , Menon Prashanthi , Nikain Cyrus A , Garabedian Michela L , Pena Stephanie , Akbar Naveed , Sansbury Brian E , Heffron Sean P , Liu Jianhua , Marecki Gregory , Fernandez Dawn , Brown Emily J , Ruggles Kelly V , Ramsey Stephen A , Giannarelli Chiara , Spite Matthew , Choudhury Robin P , Loke P'ng , Fisher Edward A
Published: March 2021

Atherosclerosis is a disease of chronic inflammation. We investigated the roles of the cytokines IL-4 and IL-13, the classical activators of STAT6, in the resolution of atherosclerosis inflammation. Using Il4-/-Il13-/- mice, resolution was impaired, and in control mice, in both progressing and resolving plaques, levels of IL-4 were stably low and IL-13 was undetectable. This suggested that IL-4 is required for atherosclerosis resolution, but collaborates with other factors. We had observed increased Wnt signaling in macrophages in resolving plaques, and human genetic data from others showed that a loss-of-function Wnt mutation was associated with premature atherosclerosis. We now find an inverse association between activation of Wnt signaling and disease severity in mice and humans. Wnt enhanced the expression of inflammation resolving factors after treatment with plaque-relevant low concentrations of IL-4. Mechanistically, activation of the Wnt pathway following lipid lowering potentiates IL-4 responsiveness in macrophages via a PGE2/STAT3 axis.
How is Brownian Motion Affected by a Fluctuating Random Surface?
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Komura Shigeyuki
Published: March 2021

A researcher has developed a new theory to describe the Brownian motion of a small object that is confined in a fluctuating random surface.
Maternal Love in Willa Cather’s Shadows on the Rock (1931)
Authors: Bani-Khair Baker , Abdullah Alanbar Omar , Hilmi Al Ahmad Mohamad
Published: March 2021

Maternity is the primary obsession that haunts Cecile’s character in Willa Cather’s Shadows on the Rock (1931). Unable to decide what to go for, Cecile finds it impossible to leave without having Jacques, a person whom she has been taking care of and compensating him with the care he really needs. His mother could not provide him with the motherly love that Jacques needs as a little child like any other children of his age. Therefore, Cecile undertakes the maternal responsibility and provides him with the attention that he lacks from his mother. The relationship between Cecile and Jacques is a mother and child relationship. We understand this theme throughout the whole novel and through multiple examples and situations we encounter when reading the novel. It is a huge responsibility that Cecile takes and shoulders as she performs this difficult role into giving the maximum maternal care to a little child.
Language Choices and its Effect in a Culturally Diversified Nigeria Business Places: Adopting Giles’ Communication Accommodation Theory
Authors: Ayeni Bartholomew
Published: March 2021

The research aims at investigating inclusion strategies in Nigeria business places by taking a look at the way buyers and sellers use language while engaging in business transactions and the effect it has in the whole dealings. This is especially as they have diverse choices before them. Giles’ Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT) which addresses convergence and divergence is used as a theoretical framework to reveal the socio-pragmatic elements in the discourse of a multi-cultural Nigeria business places. The research tries to see how inclusiveness is achieved in the face of diversity. Findings reveal that several languages come in contact with one another, including English, Yoruba, Pidgin, Igbo and Hausa in the market transactions in Nigeria. Participants employ various bargaining and pragmatic strategies which include greetings, humour, cajoling, flattery, pleading as well as code-switching and code-mixing. The study helps to establish that both buyers and sellers want to be at an advantage and use languages that accommodate the other party, despite their social, religious, cultural or ethnic differences. Texts were recorded from business places in Nigeria and these include banks, urban markets, and communication outlets. The texts were later transcribed and analysed. While the vendors create room for accommodation as a persuasive strategy, customers do so to get a good bargain for what they want to buy or some other favour from the vendors.
Force-velocity relationship profile of elbow flexors in male gymnasts
Authors: Nakatani Miyuki , Murata Kensuke , Kanehisa Hiroaki , Takai Yohei
Published: March 2021

Background

The theoretical maximum force (F0), velocity (V0), and power (Pmax) of athletes calculated from the relationship between force and velocity (F-V relationship) and the slope of the F-V relationship, reflect their competitive and training activity profiles. Evaluating the F-V relationship of athletes facilitates categorizing the profiles of dynamic muscle functions in relation to long-term sport-specific training. For gymnastics, however, no studies have tried to examine the profiles of F-V relation and power output for upper limb muscles in relation to the muscularity, while the use of the upper extremities in this sport is very unique as described earlier.

Purpose

It was hypothesized that the F-V relationship of the elbow flexion in gymnasts might be characterized by low capacity for generating explosive force, notably in terms of the force normalized to muscle size.

Methods

The F0, V0, and Pmax derived from the force-velocity relationship during explosive elbow flexion against six different loads (unloaded condition, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75% of maximal voluntary isometric elbow flexion force (MVFEF)) for 16 gymnasts (GYM) and 22 judo athletes (JD). F0 and Pmax were expressed as values relative to the cross-sectional area index (CSAindex) of elbow flexors (F0/CSAindex and Pmax/CSAindex, respectively), which was calculated from muscle thickness in the anterior upper arm. The electromyogram (EMG) activities of the biceps brachii (BB) during the maximal isometric and dynamic tasks were also determined.

Results

There were no significant differences in CSAindex of elbow flexors between GYM and JD. MVFEF/CSAindex for GYM was significantly lower than that for JD. Force was linearly associated with velocity in the dynamic elbow flexion for all the participants (r =  − 0.997 to −0.905 for GYM, r =  − 0.998 to −0.840 for JD). F0, F0/ CSAindex, V0, Pmax, Pmax/CSAindex, and MVFEF were significantly lower in GYM than in JD. The activity levels of BB during the dynamic tasks tended to be lower in GYM than in JD at load of <45%MVC.

Conclusion

Gymnasts cannot generate explosive elbow flexion force corresponding to their muscle size. This may be due to low neuromuscular activities during the maximal dynamic tasks against relatively low loads.
Beyond gene ontology (GO): using biocuration approach to improve the gene nomenclature and functional annotation of rice S-domain kinase subfamily
Authors: Naithani Sushma , Dikeman Daemon , Garg Priyanka , Al-Bader Noor , Jaiswal Pankaj
Published: March 2021

The S-domain subfamily of receptor-like kinases (SDRLKs) in plants is poorly characterized. Most members of this subfamily are currently assigned gene function based on theS-locus Receptor Kinase from Brassica that acts as the female determinant of self-incompatibility (SI). However, Brassica like SI mechanisms does not exist in most plants. Thus, automated Gene Ontology (GO) pipelines are not sufficient for functional annotation of SDRLK subfamily members and lead to erroneous association with the GO biological process of SI. Here, we show that manual bio-curation can help to correct and improve the gene annotations and association with relevant biological processes. Using publicly available genomic and transcriptome datasets, we conducted a detailed analysis of the expansion of the rice (Oryza sativa) SDRLK subfamily, the structure of individual genes and proteins, and their expression.The 144-member SDRLK family in rice consists of 82 receptor-like kinases (RLKs) (67 full-length, 15 truncated),12 receptor-like proteins, 14 SD kinases, 26 kinase-like and 10 GnK2 domain-containing kinases and RLKs. Except for nine genes, all other SDRLK family members are transcribed in rice, but they vary in their tissue-specific and stress-response expression profiles. Furthermore, 98 genes show differential expression under biotic stress and 98 genes show differential expression under abiotic stress conditions, but share 81 genes in common.Our analysis led to the identification of candidate genes likely to play important roles in plant development, pathogen resistance, and abiotic stress tolerance. We propose a nomenclature for 144 SDRLK gene family members based on gene/protein conserved structural features, gene expression profiles, and literature review. Our biocuration approach, rooted in the principles of findability, accessibility, interoperability and reusability, sets forth an example of how manual annotation of large-gene families can fill in the knowledge gap that exists due to the implementation of automated GO projections, thereby helping to improve the quality and contents of public databases.
Application of Car Fire Blankets to Car Fires
Authors: Kwon Jin-Suk , Kim Hwang-Jin , Lee Soo-Ho , Kim Su-Young , Park Tae-Hwe , Kim Tae-Dong , Kim Soo-Young
Published: March 2021

Recently, car fires have been occurring on city roads (47.3%) and expressways (17.2%). Depending on the traffic conditions on the road, the growth of these fires can be delayed until firemen or a pump car arrives at the scene. In this study, application and utilization methods were derived based on car fire extinguishing experiments. To this end, a suffocation effect was induced using a car fire blanket and without using water in the event of a car fire. A car was ignited, and the car fire blanket was applied for 10, 20, and 30 min during the peak of the fire to verify whether the fire could be extinguished. A partial fire was caused for the three experiments, which could be put out with a small amount of water. Based on the results of these experiments, i.e., car fires can be put out using a car fire blanket and an on-site utilization plan, a new technology is presented.
Improvement of the Daily Management System for Sprinkler Systems
Authors: Lee Ho Yeol , Choi Seung bok , Choi Don Mook
Published: March 2021

The maintenance and status of institutional maintenance of sprinkler facilities are examined to identify problems and suggest improvement plans for the daily maintenance system for sprinkler facilities over time. In addition, the details of poor inspection practices of sprinkler facilities installed in buildings in the Seoul metropolitan area and records prepared by the agency for fire safety management are analyzed. Suggested improvement measures include drafting legislation to establish maintenance guidelines, standardizing work on fire safety management, handling defective contents, strengthening education of business supervisors, and establishing a maintenance space to prevent corrosion and flooding.
Comparison of Responsibility Mental Models of Fire Brigades in Charge of Nuclear Power Plants
Authors: Choi Hae-Youn , Lee Sang-Kyu , Kim Min-Hee
Published: March 2021

The responsibility mental model (RMM) is an important factor in an effective cooperation system that affects decision-making, role adjustment, and performance. For this purpose, 186 firefighters from an off-site fire brigade and 65 firefighters from an on-site fire brigade participated in the study. We compared the levels of the RMM for a fire at a nuclear plant and analyzed whether the RMM is shared internally in each fire brigade through latent profile analysis. The results showed that the responsibility of on-site fire brigades is prioritized for fire liability in nuclear plants. Both brigades identified the heterogeneity of the RMM. Firefighters from the off-site fire brigade were divided into three groups of thinking they have ‘more responsibility’ (11%), ‘shared responsibility’ (36%), and ‘less responsibility’ (53%) than their cooperation partner. Firefighters from the on-site fire brigade were divided into two groups of ‘more responsibility’ (48%) and ‘shared responsibility’ (52%). The result that each fire brigade does not share a homogeneous RMM suggests the ambiguity of roles in the cooperation system. The need for infrastructure for cross-organizational collaboration and coordination is discussed.
Quantification of the Lung Deposition Load of Smoke Particles by Plastic Type with the Lung Deposition Load Index (LDLIn)
Authors: Goo Jaehark
Published: March 2021

Many fire-related casualties are caused by smoke inhalation. The particulate matter in smoke is deposited on the walls of the respiratory system, and adversely affects the human body through the respiratory and circulatory systems. In order to estimate the adverse effects of smoke particles on the human body, it is reasonable to consider the quantity of harmful substances from smoke particles that are absorbed by each region of the respiratory tract rather than the mass concentration of smoke particles in the air. This is because the absorption amount is a consequent factor that depends on a wide variety of other factors and is not solely determined by the causative factor, that is, the mass concentration in the air. In this study, the lung deposition loads of smoke particles from plastics, such as LDPE, PA66, PMMA, and PVC were quantified using the lung deposition load index (LDLIn), and the results were compared with the findings of conventional particulate matter (PM) mass concentration indices, such as PM2.5 mass and PM10 mass. The LDLIn value was calculated from the number of smoke particles generated during a fire that were deposited in each region of the respiratory tract for the given combustion materials and fire conditions. Herein, the LDLIn quantified the lung deposition load by reflecting the surface area concentration by particle size as well as the deposition characteristics in the respiratory tract according to particle size and breathing conditions. Even at the same PM mass concentration index value, each material and fire condition resulted in different LDLIn values according to the change in concentration distribution by particle size. The LDLIn values also varied depending on the breathing conditions.
Investigation Method for Carpet Fires by Analyzing Carbonation Patterns and Oil Vapor
Authors: Park Eun-Ju , Choi Chung-Seog
Published: March 2021

We present a fire investigation method for carpets by analyzing the carbide pattern and oil vapor. The combustion of carpets is dominated by laminar and turbulent flow, and the combustion pattern on the floor surface is shaped like a halo pattern. The combustion pattern on flooring material sprayed with an flammable liquid takes a donut-shaped and a circular pattern in which the core is burned. Surface analysis by substance microscopy showed that the boundary surface was melting and recombining, regardless of whether or not the carpet was treated with flame retardant. In the analysis of the capture of oil vapor using a gas detector tube after combustion was completed, the general carpet was discolored to dark green with one to two divisions, and combustion of ordinary carpets and gasoline exhibited two to three divisions. It was found that one to two divisions of flameproof carpets were discolored to dark green, and combustion of flameproof carpets and gasoline produces five to six divisions. The differences in combustion products could not be clearly distinguished using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC & MS), but the strengths of their response patterns were found to be different.
Um estudo comparativo Brasil-Portugal sobre os antecedentes do consumo do CouchSurfing
Authors: Vera Luciana Alves Rodas , Gosling Marlusa , Da Silva João Albino Matos
Published: March 2021

O turismo é uma das áreas mais afetadas pela economia compartilhada por meio de organizações como CouchSurfing, AirBnb e BeLocal Exchange. O objetivo deste artigo foi propor um modelo teórico para identificar os antecedentes de consumo do CouchSurfing na perspectiva dos consumidores-hóspedes. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo de abordagem quantitativa, comparando a realidade deste tipo de hospedagem no Brasil e em Portugal. Foi realizado um survey com 421 pessoas do Brasil e 408 de Portugal que já utilizaram CouchSurfing como hóspedes. Como método de análise de dados, foram utilizados estatística descritiva básica, análise fatorial exploratória e análise de modelagem de equações estruturais. Os resultados das análises multigrupos do estudo indicaram semelhanças e diferenças entre as amostras do Brasil e de Portugal. As semelhanças foram que, em ambas, as hipóteses de que a Expectativa de Desempenho, a Percepção de Co-criação, a Perspectiva Anti-Indústria e o Risco Percebido têm relação com a Intenção de Uso foram suportadas.
A percepção de valor do ambiente eletrônico de agências de turismo e seu impacto na decisão de compra
Authors: Brandão Marcelo Moll , Sincorá Larissa Alves , Sarcinelli Arthur França
Published: March 2021

O presente artigo visa compreender como que a percepção de valor no contexto de e-commerce turístico influencia na intenção de compra de forma indireta, dado que a confiança e atitude do consumidor impactam no seu comportamento online. O modelo teórico utilizado foi inspirado nos antecedentes da confiança por Beldad, De Jong e Steehouder (2010a), no modelo de confiança em agências de turismo online (Agag & El-masry, 2017), no modelo de aceitação tecnológica (TAM) e na teoria da ação racional (TAR), aplicado ao contexto de varejo de serviços de turismo. Os resultados, por sua vez, confirmam a mediação da atitude na relação entre confiança e intenção de compra, consistente com os números de mercados de países com baixa educação para o uso da internet e problemas de segurança para transações online. Os resultados também possibilitaram propor a mensuração da percepção de valor que considera dimensões da aceitação tecnológica. Assim, o impacto do construto confiança na intenção de compra é melhor explicado pelo caminho indireto via atitude. Logo, indivíduos que confiam no website de agências de turismo online possuem maiores intenções de contratar serviços nesse ambiente de loja virtual quando possuem atitudes positivas perante ao referido contexto de varejo.
Revisão sistemática da literatura sobre Turismo Científico
Authors: Conti Bruna Ranção , Elicher Maria Jaqueline , Lavandoski Joice
Published: March 2021

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre Turismo Científico, nos contextos nacional e internacional. Por meio de pesquisa exploratória e de revisões sistemática e bibliométrica da literatura, nas bases de dados “Web of Science”, “Scopus” e “Publicações de Turismo”, buscou-se verificar a produção em formato de artigo científico relacionada ao termo “Turismo Científico”. Foram analisados quali-quantitativamente 32 artigos científicos, por meio da utilização dos softwares Mendeley, Excel, QGIS e IRAMUTEQ. Foram também verificadas as leis que regem os estudos bibliométricos. Os principais resultados apontam para uma concentração de estudos no ano de 2016 e oriundos de países europeus, sobretudo da Polônia. Os artigos foram publicados em 23 periódicos de 13 países, com destaque para: “Ido Movement for Culture”, “Annals of Tourism Research” e “Revista Brasileira de Ecoturismo”. Foram identificados 65 autores ou coautores, sendo os principais os poloneses Wojciech J. Cynarski e Krzysztof Kubala. A categorização dos temas em torno do Turismo Científico reúne discussões sobre eventos e viagens científicas, turismo de natureza, educação, geoturismo e desenvolvimento socioeconômico. Por fim, evidencia-se a necessidade de publicações que aprofundem a discussão teórica sobre Turismo Científico.
Pulse Oximetry Understanding and Application: A Survey on Nursing Staff
Authors: Raza Omar , Ayalew Dawit , Quigg Anders , Flowers Holli , Lamont Kristen , Golden Leslie , Murphy William Paul
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Pulse Oximetry (PO) is widely used for the noninvasive detection of hypoxemia, particularly in the perioperative setting. Research regarding the perioperative assessment of nursing knowledge of PO continues to evolve. Prior evaluations have identified relative knowledge deficits among nurses regarding physiologic principles, data interpretation, and clinical application. Such deficits need identification and targeted education to prevent perioperative patient mismanagement. Aim: To assess nursing knowledge of PO in perioperative and critical care settings of a single center in the United States and to analyse identified knowledge deficits. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted in Post Anaesthesia Care Unit (PACU) and Medical Respiratory ICU (MRICU) among 150 participants. The validated questionnaire on surveying PO principle consisted of 21 true/false and 3 open-ended questions. Univariate analysis of nursing Total Knowledge Score (TKS), years of clinical experience, and current practice settings was performed. Significance was set at p<0.05. Results: A total of 51 questionnaires were completed, with a 34% response rate. The mean TKS for the true/false questionnaire was 16.4±2.0. There was no significant difference in TKS between PACU and MRICU nurses (16.5±1.7 vs. 16.2±2.5, respectively, p=0.27). Ninety-eight percent of all nurses scored >50% correct while 13.7% scored >90% (p=0.19 and p=0.74, respectively). The lowest percentages of correct responses (<50%) were seen in questions 3 and 16, which pertained to physiologic principles of PO. There was no significant difference in scoring percentiles between MRICU and PACU nurses, nor was there significant difference in TKS based on clinical experience. Conclusion: The mean TKS of nurses in the study was higher than the mean TKS of nurses in reference studies. There was no significant difference in TKS between PACU and MRICU nurses. Furthermore, clinical experience did not correlate with TKS scores. The authors believe analysing these knowledge deficits may offer educational opportunities in initial and continuing nursing education as well as routine postgraduate assessments.
Vitamin D Status in Mothers and their Newborns at a Tertiary Care Centre in Mumbai: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sangle Avinash L , Jaybhaye Amol P , Chittal Ravindra Y , Ugra Deepak
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Indian population has a paradoxically high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. Maternal vitamin D levels are related to outcomes of pregnancy for mother and foetus. To understand the need for screening and appropriate management decisions, data is needed from various regions of India to explore the magnitude of the problem. Aim: To evaluate the vitamin D levels in pregnant mothers and their newborns at a hospital catering to the affluent population in Mumbai. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from August to December 2012. A 100 women of Indian origin, between 20-45 years of age and their newborns who were delivered at the Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre in Mumbai were included. Determination of 25 hydroxy (OH) vitamin D, serum calcium, albumin concentration was done in mothers just before delivery and newborns venous cord blood at the time of delivery. Pearson’s correlation test was used for determining relation between maternal and newborns vitamin D levels and Chi-square test for association of maternal vitamin D levels with their sun exposure and newborns birth weight. Results: The distribution of serum 25 (OH) vitamin D status in mothers was 75 deficient (75%), 13 insufficient (13%) and 12 sufficient (12%). Mean serum 25 (OH) vitamin D in mothers was 15.09 ng/mL. The distribution of serum 25 (OH) vitamin D levels in newborns were 78 deficient (78%), 13 insufficient (13%) and 9 sufficient (9%). Mean serum 25 (OH) vitamin D in neonates was 13.82 ng/mL. There was strong correlation between maternal and newborns serum 25 (OH) vitamin D levels with a Pearson correlation coefficient value of 0.94 and the p-value of <0.001. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant mothers associated with hypovitaminosis D in newborns in this hospital-based study catering to affluent population from Mumbai.
A Robust Strategic Theory based Load Balancing and Resource Allocation in Cloud Environment
Authors: Krishna M. Bala
Published: March 2021

An on demand elastic service is cloud computing. At particular time, based on clients requirements, software, information, shared resources and other devices are provided in this. For supporting cost effective usage of computing resources, it is designed using distributed computing and virtualization advances and it enhances resource scalability. Based on requirement, business outcomes can scale up or down its resources. On-demand resource allocation challenges are created by customer demand management. To minimize energy, Dynamic Particle Swarm Optimization (DPSO) model is developed in available research works, where CPU utilization are regulated while operating at maximum frequency. Geographically distributed resources like computers, storage etc. are owned by self interested organizations or agents are available in large-scale computing systems of cloud computing. In their own benefit, this resource allocation algorithm can be manipulated by these agents and severe degradation in performance are produced due to its selfish behaviour and its efficiency is also very poor. To solve this kind of problem, a strategy is designed for developing a resource allocation protocols with load balancer in first phase of this research work. In this agents are forced to follow the rules and tell truth. In heterogeneous distributed systems, to solve load balancing problem, a truthful strategy is designed using this strategic theory. Optimal allocation algorithm based on Improved Elephant Herd Optimization (IEHO) is proposed where a truthful payment scheme is admitted by output function which satisfies voluntary participation. Good performance is exhibited by proposed approach as indicated in experimentation results.
Factors predictive of sexual violence: Testing the four pillars of the Confluence Model in a large diverse sample of college men
Authors: Malamuth Neil M. , Lamade Raina V. , Koss Mary P. , Lopez Elise , Seaman Christopher , Prentky Robert
Published: March 2021

This article focuses on the characteristics of sexually violent men who have not been convicted of a crime. The objective of this study was to test the four key interrelated pillars of the Confluence Model. The first key pillar posits the interaction of Hostile Masculinity and Impersonal Sex as core risk predictors. The second pillar entails a “mediated structure” wherein the impact of more general risk factors is mediated via those specific to aggression against women. The third pillar comprises a single latent factor underlying various types of sexual violence. The fourth pillar expands the core model by including the secondary risk factors of lower empathy, peer support, extreme pornography use, and participation in alcohol parties. An ethnically diverse sample of 1,148 male students from 13 U.S. colleges and universities completed a comprehensive survey that assessed the hypothesized risk factors and self‐reported sexual violence, which included noncontact sexual offenses, contact sexual coercion, and contact sexual aggression. A series of multiple regression analyses were conducted before testing structural equation models. The results supported the integration of the four pillars within a single expanded empirical model that accounted for 49% of the variance of sexual violence. This study yielded data supporting all four key pillars. These findings provide information about non‐redudant risk factors that can be used to develop screening tools, group‐based and individually tailored psychoeducational and treatment interventions.
Low Resistance and High Stable Solid–Liquid Electrolyte Interphases Enable High‐Voltage Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Li Xin , Cong Lina , Ma Shunchao , Shi Sainan , Li Yanan , Li Sijia , Chen Silin , Zheng Changhui , Sun Liqun , Liu Yulong , Xie Haiming
Published: March 2021

Solid‐state batteries (SSBs) with addition of liquid electrolytes are considered to possibly replace the current lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) because they combine the advantages of benign interfacial contact and strong barriers for unwanted redox shuttles. However, solid electrolyte and liquid electrolyte are generally (electro)‐chemically incompatible and the resistance of the newly formed solid–liquid electrolyte interphase (SLEI) appears as an additional contribution to the overall battery resistance. Herein, a boron, fluorine‐donating liquid electrolyte (B, F‐LE) is introduced into the interface between the high‐voltage cathode and ultrathin composite solid electrolyte (CSE), which is fabricated by adhering a high content of nanosized Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) with poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP), to generate a low resistance and high stable SLEI in situ, giving a stable high‐voltage output with a reinforced cathode|CSE interface. B, F‐LE, consisting of a highly fluorinated electrolyte with a lithium bis(oxalato)borate additive, exhibits good chemical compatibility with CSE and enables rapid and uniform transportation of Li+, with its electrochemically and chemically stable interface for high‐voltage cathode. Eventually, the B, F‐LE assisted LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2|Li battery displays the enhanced rate capability and high voltage cycling stability. The findings provide an interfacial engineering strategy to turn SLEI from a “real culprit” into the “savior” that may pave a brand‐new way to manipulate SLEI chemistry in hybrid solid–liquid devices.
Polymer Conjugation of Docosahexaenoic Acid Potentiates Cardioprotective Therapy in Preclinical Models of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Tejedor Sandra , Dolz‐Pérez Irene , Decker Caitlin G. , Hernándiz Amparo , Diez Jose L. , Álvarez Raquel , Castellano Delia , García Nahuel A. , Ontoria‐Oviedo Imelda , Nebot Vicent J. , González‐King Hernán , Igual Begoña , Sepúlveda Pilar , Vicent María J.
Published: March 2021

While coronary angioplasty represents an effective treatment option following acute myocardial infarction, the reperfusion of the occluded coronary artery can prompt ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury that significantly impacts patient outcomes. As ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have proven, yet limited cardioprotective abilities, an optimized polymer‐conjugation approach is reported that improves PUFAs bioavailability to enhance cardioprotection and recovery in animal models of I/R‐induced injury. Poly‐l‐glutamic acid (PGA) conjugation improves the solubility and stability of di‐docosahexaenoic acid (diDHA) under physiological conditions and protects rat neonatal ventricular myocytes from I/R injury by reducing apoptosis, attenuating autophagy, inhibiting reactive oxygen species generation, and restoring mitochondrial membrane potential. Enhanced protective abilities are associated with optimized diDHA loading and evidence is provided for the inherent cardioprotective potential of PGA itself. Pretreatment with PGA–diDHA before reperfusion in a small animal I/R model provides for cardioprotection and limits area at risk (AAR). Furthermore, the preliminary findings suggest that PGA–diDHA administration in a swine I/R model may provide cardioprotection, limit edema and decrease AAR. Overall, the evaluation of PGA–diDHA in relevant preclinical models provides evidence for the potential of polymer‐conjugated PUFAs in the mitigation of I/R injury associated with coronary angioplasty.
Stacking‐Engineered Heterostructures in Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Authors: Wang Shixuan , Cui Xuehao , Jian Chang'e , Cheng Haowei , Niu Mengmeng , Yu Jia , Yan Jiaxu , Huang Wei
Published: March 2021

The layer‐by‐layer assembly of 2D transition metal dichalcogenide monolayer blocks to form a 3D stack, with a precisely chosen sequence/angle, is the newest development for these materials. In this way, one can create “van der Waals heterostructures (HSs),” opening up a new realm of materials engineering and novel devices with designed functionalities. Herein, a detailed systematic review of transition metal dichalcogenide stacking‐engineered heterostructures, from controllable fabrication to typical characterization, and stacking‐correlated physical behaviors is presented. Furthermore, recent advances in stacking design, such as stacking sequence, twist angles, and moiré superlattice heterojunctions, are also comprehensively summarized. Finally, the remaining challenges and possible strategies for using stacking engineering to tune the properties of 2D materials are also outlined.
The Microbiome Meets Nanotechnology: Opportunities and Challenges in Developing New Diagnostic Devices
Authors: Fuentes‐Chust Celia , Parolo Claudio , Rosati Giulio , Rivas Lourdes , Perez‐Toralla Karla , Simon Stéphanie , de Lecuona Itziar , Junot Christophe , Trebicka Jonel , Merkoçi Arben
Published: March 2021

Monitoring of the human microbiome is an emerging area of diagnostics for personalized medicine. Here, the potential of different nanomaterials and nanobiosensing technologies is reviewed for the development of novel diagnostic devices for the detection and measurement of microbiome‐related biomarkers. Moreover, the current and future landscape of microbiome‐based diagnostics is defined by exploring the advantages and disadvantages of current nanotechnology‐based approaches, especially in the context of developing point‐of‐care (PoC) devices that would meet the international guidelines known as REASSURED (Real‐time connectivity; Ease of specimen collection; Affordability; Sensitivity; Specificity; User‐friendliness; Rapid & robust operation; Equipment‐free; and Deliverability). Finally, the strategies of the latest international scientific consortia working in this field are analyzed, the current microbiome diagnostics market are reported and the principal ethical, legal, and societal issues related to microbiome R&D and innovation are discussed.
All‐Dielectric Toroidal Metasurfaces for Angular‐Dependent Resonant Polarization Beam Splitting
Authors: Zografopoulos Dimitrios C. , Algorri José Francisco , Fuscaldo Walter , López‐Higuera José Miguel , Vergaz Ricardo , Sánchez‐Pena José Manuel , Karolos Ion‐Anastasios , Beccherelli Romeo , Tsioukas Vassilios E. , Yioultsis Traianos V. , Kriezis Emmanouil E.
Published: March 2021

An all‐dielectric metasurface exhibiting a strong toroidal resonance is theoretically designed and experimentally demonstrated as an angular‐dependent resonant polarization beam‐splitter in the microwave K‐band. The metasurface is fabricated by embedding a square periodic array of high‐permittivity ceramic cuboid resonators in a 3D‐printed substrate of polylactic acid. It is demonstrated that by properly selecting the resonator geometry and by tuning the angle of incidence through mechanical rotation, the metasurface can switch between a polarization beam splitting and bandpass or bandstop operation. Such performance is achieved by exploiting the highly asymmetric Fano spectral profile of the toroidal resonance and the very low (high) dispersion of the associated p‐(s‐) polarized mode resulting from the resonant toroidal dipole mode's field profile, as evidenced by both full‐wave and band structure simulations. Theoretically infinite extinction ratios are achievable for polarization beam splitting operation with very low insertion losses and adjustable bandwidth. The experimental demonstration of such a compact, all‐dielectric metasurface expands the research portfolio of resonant metasurfaces toward not only the investigation of the intriguing physics of toroidal modes but also to the engineering of functional millimeter‐wave components for polarization control, for instance, in the context of 5G wireless communication networks.
One‐Pot Synthesis of CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I)@Zeolite: A Potential Material for Wide‐Color‐Gamut Backlit Displays and Upconversion Emission
Authors: Tong Yao , Wang Qin , Mei Enrou , Liang Xiaojuan , Gao Wei , Xiang Weidong
Published: March 2021

All‐inorganic perovskite (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, I) nanocrystals (NCs) with promising optical properties are recognized as a rising star among photoelectric materials, but their inevitable instabilities limit extensive application. Herein, a new one‐step strategy for encapsulating CsPbX3 NCs with porous zeolite via the hot injection method is explored. By altering the mole ratio of PbX2, the emission wavelength of CsPbX3@zeolite is found to be regularly modulated from blue‐emission (CsPbCl2Br@zeolite, 436 nm) to red‐emission (CsPbBrI2@zeolite, 648 nm), thus enabling full spectrum adjustment. Due to the surface passivation of zeolite to CsPbX3 NCs, CsPbX3@zeolite possess an outstanding quantum yield and display excellent thermal/photo/air stability. Subsequently, white light‐emitting diodes based on green‐CsPbBr3@zeolite and red‐CsPbBrI2@zeolite are constructed and applied to the backlit display, achieving a wide color gamut of 134.2% for NTSC 1953 and 99.8% for Rec. 2020. The CsPbX3@zeolite implanted with a polymethyl methacrylate film is used to realize upconversion emission under an 800 nm laser at room temperature. Furthermore, amplified spontaneous radiation based on CsPbBr3@zeolite films is achieved. These results convincingly indicate broad application prospects for CsPbX3@zeolite prepared via this simple method.
MXene‐Based Materials for Electrochemical Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Ma Pin , Fang Daliang , Liu Yilin , Shang Yang , Shi Yumeng , Yang Hui Ying
Published: March 2021

Advanced architecture and rational design of electrode materials for electrochemical sodium‐ion storage are well developed by researchers worldwide. MXene‐based materials are considered as one of the most potential electrode materials for sodium‐ion‐based devices, such as sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), sodium–sulfur batteries (SSBs), and sodium‐ion capacitors (SICs), because of the excellent physicochemical characteristics of MXenes. Here, in this review, the recent research work and progress, both theoretical and experimental, on MXene‐based materials including pure MXenes and MXene‐based composites in application of SIBs, SSBs, and SICs are comprehensively summarized. The sodium storage mechanisms and the effective methods to enhance the electrochemical performance are also discussed. Finally, the current critical challenges and future research directions on the development of these MXene‐based materials for electrochemical sodium‐ion storage are presented.
Biodegradable Metallic Glass for Stretchable Transient Electronics
Authors: Bae Jae‐Young , Gwak Eun‐Ji , Hwang Gyeong‐Seok , Hwang Hae Won , Lee Dong‐Ju , Lee Jong‐Sung , Joo Young‐Chang , Sun Jeong‐Yun , Jun Sang Ho , Ok Myoung‐Ryul , Kim Ju‐Young , Kang Seung‐Kyun
Published: March 2021

Biodegradable electronics are disposable green devices whose constituents decompose into harmless byproducts, leaving no residual waste and minimally invasive medical implants requiring no removal surgery. Stretchable and flexible form factors are essential in biointegrated electronic applications for conformal integration with soft and expandable skins, tissues, and organs. Here a fully biodegradable MgZnCa metallic glass (MG) film is proposed for intrinsically stretchable electrodes with a high yield limit exploiting the advantages of amorphous phases with no crystalline defects. The irregular dissolution behavior of this amorphous alloy regarding electrical conductivity and morphology is investigated in aqueous solutions with different ion species. The MgZnCa MG nanofilm shows high elastic strain (≈2.6% in the nano‐tensile test) and offers enhanced stretchability (≈115% when combined with serpentine geometry). The fatigue resistance in repeatable stretching also improves owing to the wide range of the elastic strain limit. Electronic components including the capacitor, inductor, diode, and transistor using the MgZnCa MG electrode support its integrability to transient electronic devices. The biodegradable triboelectric nanogenerator of MgZnCa MG operates stably over 50 000 cycles and its fatigue resistant applications in mechanical energy harvesting are verified. In vitro cell toxicity and in vivo inflammation tests demonstrate the biocompatibility in biointegrated use.