bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stabilization of the 81-channel coherent beam combination using machine learning
Authors: Wang Dan , Du Qiang , Zhou Tong , Li Derun , Wilcox Russell
Published: January 2021

We develop a rapidly converging algorithm for stabilizing a large channel-count diffractive optical coherent beam combination. An 81-beam combiner is controlled by a novel, machine-learning based, iterative method to correct the optical phases, operating on an experimentally calibrated numerical model. A neural-network is trained to detect phase errors based on interference pattern recognition of uncombined beams adjacent to the combined one. Due to the non-uniqueness of solutions in the full space of possible phases, the network is trained within a limited phase perturbation/error range. This also reduces the number of samples needed for training. Simulations have proven that the network can converge in one step for small phase perturbations. When the trained neural-network is applied to a realistic case of 360 degree full range, an iterative scheme exploits random walking at the beginning, with the accuracy of prediction on phase feedback direction, to allow the neural-network to step into the training range for fast convergence. This neural-network-based iterative method of phase detection works tens of times faster than the commonly used stochastic parallel gradient descent approach (SPGD) using a single-detector and random dither when both are tested with random phase perturbations.
81-beam coherent combination using a programmable array generator
Authors: Du Qiang , Wang Dan , Zhou Tong , Li Derun , Wilcox Russell
Published: January 2021

We have generated 81 independently controllable beams using a spatial light modulator and combined them on a diffractive combiner, to characterize the combiner and develop a fast phase error detection scheme. A key parameter of the diffractive combiner is measured in a new way, enabling an efficient combination when programming calibrated phases of each beam. This testbed provides a platform for development of advanced feedback phase control of high channel-count beam combination.
Strain sensing based on resonant states in 2D dielectric photonic quasicrystals
Authors: Andueza Angel , Pérez-Conde Jesús , Sevilla Joaquín
Published: January 2021

This paper reports the numerical and experimental study of the strain sensing effect of bidimensional quasiperiodic structures made with dielectric cylinders. Structures of around 100 cylinders arranged following a Penrose quasiperiodic disposition were simulated, built and measured, in different states of deformation. The selected quasiperiodic structure contains a symmetric decagonal ring resonator that shows two states in its photonic band gap. The frequency of these states varies linearly in opposite directions as the structure is axially deformed, becoming an interesting sensing principle that can be exploited to build optical strain gauges. As a proof of concept, centimeter-scale glass cylinder (εr=4.5) structures were fabricated and their transmission spectra were measured in the microwave range. The same structures were simulated using finite integration time domain showing a good agreement with the measurements. The sensitivity of the prototype built was 12.4 kHz/µε, very linear in a wide range. Therefore, we conclude that the states in the gap of the resonator rings of 2D quasicrystals can find an interesting application in optical strain gauge construction.
Narrow linewidth near-UV InGaN laser diode based on external cavity fiber Bragg grating
Authors: Congar Antoine , Gay Mathilde , Perin Georges , Mammez Dominique , Simon Jean-Claude , Besnard Pascal , Rouvillain Julien , Georges Thierry , Lablonde Laurent , Robin Thierry , Trebaol Stéphane
Published: January 2021

We realize a fiber Bragg grating InGaN-based laser diode emitting at 400 nm and demonstrate its high coherency. Thanks to the fabrication of a narrowband fiber Bragg grating in the near-UV, we can reach single-mode and single-frequency regimes for the self-injection locked diode. The device exhibits 44 dB side-mode suppression ratio and mW output power. Detailed frequency noise analysis reveals sub-MHz integrated linewidth and 16 kHz intrinsic linewidth. Such a narrow linewidth laser diode in the near-UV domain with a compact and low-cost design could find applications whenever coherency and interferometric resolutions are needed.
Multicolor fiber-optic two-photon endomicroscopy for brain imaging
Authors: Guan Honghua , Liang Wenxuan , Li Ang , Gau Yung-Tian A. , Chen Defu , Li Ming-Jun , Bergles Dwight E. , Li Xingde
Published: January 2021

Visualizing activity patterns of distinct cell types during complex behaviors is essential to understand complex neural networks. It remains challenging to excite multiple fluorophores simultaneously so that different types of neurons can be imaged. In this Letter, we report a multicolor fiber-optic two-photon endomicroscopy platform in which two pulses from a Ti:sapphire laser and an optical parametric oscillator were synchronized and delivered through a single customized double-clad fiber to excite multiple chromophores. A third virtual wavelength could also be generated by spatial-temporal overlapping of the two pulses. The performance of the fiber-optic multicolor two-photon endomicroscope was demonstrated by in vivo imaging of a mouse cerebral cortex with “Brainbow” labeling.
Nonlocal magnon entanglement generation in coupled hybrid cavity systems
Authors: Luo Da-Wei , Qian Xiao-Feng , Yu Ting
Published: January 2021

We investigate dynamical generation of macroscopic nonlocal entanglements between two remote massive magnon–superconducting-circuit hybrid systems. Two fiber-coupled microwave cavities are employed to serve as an interaction channel connecting two sets of macroscopic hybrid units, each containing a magnon (hosted by an yttrium–iron–garnet sphere) and a superconducting-circuit qubit. Surprisingly, it is found that stronger coupling does not necessarily mean faster entanglement generation. The proposed hybrid system allows the existence of an optimal fiber coupling strength that requires the shortest amount of time to generate a systematic maximal entanglement. Our theoretical results are shown to be within the scope of specific parameters that can be achieved with current technology. The noise effects on the implementation of systems are also treated in a general environment, suggesting the robustness of entanglement generation. Our discrete-variable qubit-like entanglement theory of magnons may lead to direct applications in various quantum information tasks.
Electrotunable achromatic polarization rotator
Authors: Guo Duan-Yi , Chang Li-Min , Chen Chun-Wei , Li Cheng-Chang , Jau Hung-Chang , Wang Chun-Ta , Kuo Wen Sung , Lin Tsung-Hsien
Published: January 2021

Manipulating the polarization orientation of light is essential in modern optics, biology, and related fields, but the strong optical dispersion inherent in current polarization rotators severely restricts their use to single-frequency lasers and their flexibility in system design. Many attempts have been made to realize dispersionless polarization rotation, usually by designing a complex set of wave plates with mutually compensated dispersions. Here, enabled by a thin cell of hybrid splay–twist liquid crystal, we demonstrate a tunable achromatic polarization rotator that is free of dispersion engineering. The optic axis distribution in the liquid crystal cell can be dynamically controlled by an applied electric field and allows an input polarization vector to be continuously rotated up to 90° (or 180° in a tandem-cell geometry) in an adiabatic and nondispersive manner. The proposed mechanism can be further implemented to construct spatial light modulators for single-path ultrabroadband generation of complex vector fields from uniformly polarized light.
Sensor-based localization of epidemic sources on human mobility networks
Authors: Li Jun , Manitz Juliane , Bertuzzo Enrico , Kolaczyk Eric D.
Published: January 2021

We investigate the source detection problem in epidemiology, which is one of the most important issues for control of epidemics. Mathematically, we reformulate the problem as one of identifying the relevant component in a multivariate Gaussian mixture model. Focusing on the study of cholera and diseases with similar modes of transmission, we calibrate the parameters of our mixture model using human mobility networks within a stochastic, spatially explicit epidemiological model for waterborne disease. Furthermore, we adopt a Bayesian perspective, so that prior information on source location can be incorporated (e.g., reflecting the impact of local conditions). Posterior-based inference is performed, which permits estimates in the form of either individual locations or regions. Importantly, our estimator only requires first-arrival times of the epidemic by putative observers, typically located only at a small proportion of nodes. The proposed method is demonstrated within the context of the 2000-2002 cholera outbreak in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa.
Urinary 8-iso PGF2α and 2,3-dinor-8-iso PGF2α can be indexes of colitis-associated colorectal cancer in mice
Authors: Miyazaki Yusuke , Nakamura Tatsuro , Takenouchi Shinya , Hayashi Akane , Omori Keisuke , Murata Takahisa
Published: January 2021

Early diagnosis of colorectal cancer is needed to reduce the mortal consequence by cancer. Lipid mediators play critical role in progression of colitis and colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) and some of their metabolites are excreted in urine. Here, we attempted to find novel biomarkers in urinary lipid metabolite of a murine model of CAC. Mice were received single administration of azoxymethane (AOM) and repeated administration of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Lipid metabolites in their urine was measured by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and their colon was collected to perform morphological study. AOM and DSS caused inflammation and tumor formation in mouse colon. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry-based comprehensive analysis of lipid metabolites showed that cyclooxygenase-mediated arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites, prostaglandins, and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated AA metabolites, isoprostanes, were predominantly increased in the urine of tumor-bearing mice. Among that, urinary prostaglandin (PG)E2 metabolite tetranor-PGEM and PGD2 metabolite tetranor-PGDM were significantly increased in both of urine collected at the acute phase of colitis and the carcinogenesis phase. On the other hand, two F2 isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs), 8-iso PGF2α and 2,3-dinor-8-iso PGF2α, were significantly increased only in the carcinogenesis phase. Morphological study showed that infiltrated monocytes into tumor mass strongly expressed ROS generator NADPH (p22phox). These observations suggest that urinary 8-iso PGF2α and 2,3-dinor-8-iso PGF2α can be indexes of CAC.
The relationship between social support, stressful events, and menopause symptoms
Authors: Arnot Megan , Emmott Emily H. , Mace Ruth
Published: January 2021

Many women going through the menopausal transition experience vasomotor symptoms (VMS), and research has shown that there is a large amount of variation in their frequency and severity. Many lifestyle factors have been found to co-vary with VMS, including the level of social support received by the woman, and how stressed she is. Stress is well documented to worsen menopause symptoms, and there is some evidence that support eases them; however, there is little research into whether support is an effective buffer against the negative effects of stress on VMS. Using nine years of data from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (n = 2718), we use multilevel Poisson regression with random effects to test: 1) if more social support is associated with decreased VMS frequency, 2) if increased life stress worsens VMS, and 3) if support acts as a buffer against stress. After adjusting for age, marital status, smoking, self-perceived overall health, ethnicity, and menopausal status, we find that stress increases the frequency of VMS. Contrary to our hypothesis, we did not find strong evidence that emotional support led to lower VMS frequency, or that support buffers against the effects of stress. Experience of a stressful event, but not amount of social support, was included in the best fitting model; with the degree to which the woman was upset by the life stressor having the largest effect on menopause symptoms. Here, women who said they were currently upset by a stressful event experienced 21% more VMS than women who had experienced no life stressor. This research highlights that social factors may impact the menopausal transition.
Classification of road traffic injury collision characteristics using text mining analysis: Implications for road injury prevention
Authors: Giummarra Melita J. , Beck Ben , Gabbe Belinda J.
Published: January 2021

Road traffic injuries are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Understanding circumstances leading to road traffic injury is crucial to improve road safety, and implement countermeasures to reduce the incidence and severity of road trauma. We aimed to characterise crash characteristics of road traffic collisions in Victoria, Australia, and to examine the relationship between crash characteristics and fault attribution. Data were extracted from the Victorian State Trauma Registry for motor vehicle drivers, motorcyclists, pedal cyclists and pedestrians with a no-fault compensation claim, aged > = 16 years and injured 2010–2016. People with intentional injury, serious head injury, no compensation claim/missing injury event description or who died < = 12-months post-injury were excluded, resulting in a sample of 2,486. Text mining of the injury event using QDA Miner and Wordstat was used to classify crash circumstances for each road user group. Crashes in which no other was at fault included circumstances involving lost control or avoiding a hazard, mechanical failure or medical conditions. Collisions in which another was predominantly at fault occurred at intersections with another vehicle entering from an adjacent direction, and head-on collisions. Crashes with higher prevalence of unknown fault included multi-vehicle collisions, pedal cyclists injured in rear-end collisions, and pedestrians hit while crossing the road or navigating slow traffic areas. We discuss several methods to promote road safety and to reduce the incidence and severity of road traffic injuries. Our recommendations take into consideration the incidence and impact of road trauma for different types of road users, and include engineering and infrastructure controls through to interventions targeting or accommodating human behaviour.
Embodied virtual reality for the study of real-world motor learning
Authors: Haar Shlomi , Sundar Guhan , Faisal A. Aldo
Published: January 2021

Motor-learning literature focuses on simple laboratory-tasks due to their controlled manner and the ease to apply manipulations to induce learning and adaptation. Recently, we introduced a billiards paradigm and demonstrated the feasibility of real-world-neuroscience using wearables for naturalistic full-body motion-tracking and mobile-brain-imaging. Here we developed an embodied virtual-reality (VR) environment to our real-world billiards paradigm, which allows to control the visual feedback for this complex real-world task, while maintaining sense of embodiment. The setup was validated by comparing real-world ball trajectories with the trajectories of the virtual balls, calculated by the physics engine. We then ran our short-term motor learning protocol in the embodied VR. Subjects played billiard shots when they held the physical cue and hit a physical ball on the table while seeing it all in VR. We found comparable short-term motor learning trends in the embodied VR to those we previously reported in the physical real-world task. Embodied VR can be used for learning real-world tasks in a highly controlled environment which enables applying visual manipulations, common in laboratory-tasks and rehabilitation, to a real-world full-body task. Embodied VR enables to manipulate feedback and apply perturbations to isolate and assess interactions between specific motor-learning components, thus enabling addressing the current questions of motor-learning in real-world tasks. Such a setup can potentially be used for rehabilitation, where VR is gaining popularity but the transfer to the real-world is currently limited, presumably, due to the lack of embodiment.
Are Ethiopian diabetic patients protected from financial hardship?
Authors: Tsega Gebeyehu , Getaneh Gebremariam , Taddesse Getasew
Published: January 2021

Background

Globally, diabetes mellitus exerts an economic burden on patients and their families. However, the economic burden of diabetes mellitus and its associated factors were not well studied in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the economic burden of diabetes mellitus and its associated factors among diabetic patients in public hospitals of Bahir Dar city administration, Ethiopia.

Methods

Across sectional study was conducted on 422 diabetic patients. The patients were selected by simple random sampling method. The prevalence-based model was used to estimate the costs on patients’ perspective. Bottom up and human capital approaches were used to estimate the direct and indirect costs of the patients respectively. Wealth index was constructed using principal component analysis by SPSS. Forty percent of nonfood threshold level was used to measure catastrophic diabetic care expenditure of diabetic patients. Whereas, the World Bank poverty line (the $1.90-a-day poverty line) was used to measure impoverishment of patients due to expenses of diabetes mellitus care. Data were entered by Epi data version 3.1and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were used.

Results

Four hundred one respondents were interviewed with response rate of 95%. We found that 239 (59.6%) diabetic patients incurred catastrophic diabetic care expenditure at 40% nonfood threshold level. Whereas, 20 (5%) diabetic patients were impoverished by diabetic care spending at the $1.90-a-day poverty line. Educational status of respondent, educational status of the head of household, occupation and wealth status were statistically associated with the catastrophic diabetic care expenditure.

Conclusions

The study revealed that the economic burden of diabetic care is very disastrous among the less privileged populations: the less educated, the poorest and unemployed. Therefore, all concerned stakeholders should design ways that can reduce the financial hardship of diabetic care among diabetic patients.
Using prosocial behavior to safeguard mental health and foster emotional well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: A registered report protocol for a randomized trial
Authors: Miles Andrew , Andiappan Meena , Upenieks Laura , Orfanidis Christos
Published: January 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic, the accompanying lockdown measures, and their possible long-term effects have made mental health a pressing public health concern. Acts that focus on benefiting others—known as prosocial behaviors—offer one promising intervention that is both flexible and low cost. However, neither the range of emotional states prosocial acts impact nor the size of those effects is currently clear, both of which directly influence its attractiveness as a treatment option. Using a large online sample from Canada and the United States, we will examine the effect of a three-week prosocial intervention on two indicators of emotional well-being (happiness and the belief that one’s life is valuable) and mental health (anxiety and depression). Respondents will be randomly assigned to perform prosocial, self-focused, or neutral behaviors each week. Two weeks after the intervention, a final survey will assess whether the intervention has a lasting effect on mental health and emotional well-being. Our results will illuminate whether prosocial interventions are a viable approach to addressing mental health needs during the current COVID-19 pandemic, as well for those who face emotional challenges during normal times.
Noninvasive ventilation in critically ill very old patients with pneumonia: A multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Besen Bruno A. M. P. , Park Marcelo , Ranzani Otávio T.
Published: January 2021

Background

Very old patients (≥ 80 years-old, VOP) are increasingly admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common reason for admission and the best strategy of support for respiratory failure in this scenario is not fully known. We evaluated whether noninvasive ventilation (NIV) would be beneficial compared to invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) regarding hospital mortality.

Methods

Multicenter cohort study of VOPs admitted with CAP in need of IMV or NIV to 11 Brazilian ICUs from 2009 through 2012. We used logistic regression models to evaluate the association between the initial ventilatory strategy (NIV vs. IMV) and hospital mortality adjusting for confounding factors. We evaluated effect modification with interaction terms in pre-specified sub-groups.

Results

Of 369 VOPs admitted for CAP with respiratory failure, 232 (63%) received NIV and 137 (37%) received IMV as initial ventilatory strategy. IMV patients were sicker at baseline (median SOFA 8 vs. 4). Hospital mortality was 114/232 (49%) for NIV and 90/137 (66%) for IMV. For the comparison NIV vs. IMV (reference), the crude odds ratio (OR) was 0.50 (95% CI, 0.33–0.78, p = 0.002). This association was largely confounded by antecedent characteristics and non-respiratory SOFA (adjOR = 0.70, 95% CI, 0.41–1.20, p = 0.196). The fully adjusted model, additionally including Pao2/Fio2 ratio, pH and Paco2, yielded an adjOR of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.46–1.41, p = 0.452). There was no strong evidence of effect modification among relevant subgroups, such as Pao2/Fio2 ratio ≤ 150 (p = 0.30), acute respiratory acidosis (p = 0.42) and non-respiratory SOFA ≥ 4 (p = 0.53).

Conclusions

NIV was not associated with lower hospital mortality when compared to IMV in critically ill VOP admitted with CAP, but there was no strong signal of harm from its use. The main confounders of this association were both the severity of respiratory dysfunction and of extra-respiratory organ failures.
Propuesta antropológica de un modelo analítico para abordar la syndemia
Authors: Antón Hurtado Fina
Published: January 2021

Ante la situación compleja y complicada en la que nos ha situado el SARS-CoV-2 proponemos un modelo de análisis antropológico, que pueda visibilizar la situación de syndemia en la que estamos inmersos. Para ello analizamos la realidad a través del complejo cronotopo y los módulos de la cultura.
Experiencias de jóvenes padres y madres: entretejidos de trayectorias y transiciones
Authors: Parada Rico Doris Amparo
Published: January 2021

Objetivo. Comprender las experiencias de madres y padres jóvenes a partir de sus trayectorias, transiciones y puntos de inflexión ocurridos entre la noticia de la gestación y el nacimiento del hijo. Metodología. Estudio con aproximación fenomenológica comprensiva, haciendo uso de herramientas analíticas del enfoque curso de vida; abordando cinco familias de padres y madres jóvenes a los cuales se les indagó sobre sus experiencias alrededor de la noticia de la gestación y el nacimiento de su hijo. Se utilizó entrevistas a profundidad, genogramas, cartografías y líneas de tiempo para analizar sus trayectorias vitales y transiciones alrededor de este proceso. Resultados. En los relatos de estos jóvenes se develan tres dimensiones principales que hemos denominado: trayectorias y contextos motivacionales; la existencia del hijo: el lugar de la experiencia y las transiciones en el cuerpo vivido del padre y madre joven. Conclusión. Los sujetos van hilando trayectorias en su curso de vida, en las cuales se entretejen los motivos y las intenciones de sus actos, pero así mismo emergen acontecimientos relevantes como la llegada de un hijo en la juventud, en contra de un orden social establecido y con capitales sociales, culturales y económicos disminuidos, pudiendo potenciar logros o causar rupturas en su forma de ser y estar con el Otro.
Estudio cualitativo sobre el bienestar en adolescentes con y sin riesgo suicida
Authors: Bahamón Marly Johana , Alarcón-Vásquez Yolima , Trejos-Herrera Ana María , Vinaccia Alpi Stefano , Gaviria-García Gladys , Barraza-López René , Cudris-Torres Lorena , Javela José Julián
Published: January 2021

Objetivo. Conocer y comprender las nociones y estrategias de bienestar presentes en adolescentes con altos y bajos niveles de riesgo suicida. Metodología. Este estudio exploratorio con enfoque cualitativo, mediante el cual se analizaron las diferencias entre las nociones de bienestar y las estrategias recurrentes en 40 adolescentes con puntuaciones altas y bajas de riesgo suicida. Resultados. Indican la existencia de nociones asociadas a la salud, a la visión integradora y a una perspectiva subjetiva. En cuanto a las estrategias usadas por los adolescentes para promover su propio bienestar las categorías que emergieron se centraron en la interacción social, el hedonismo, el control, la redefinición y proyección subjetiva positiva, y la orientación al cambio. Conclusión. Se discuten los resultados sobre la orientación de estrategias de intervención en adolescentes con alto riesgo suicida basados en sus propias nociones.
Representaciones sociales de las relaciones sexuales y sífilis en población transgénero
Authors: Puerto Lozano Marcela Ivonne , Angarita Navarro Ariadna María , Barrero Villalobos Alexander , Borda Vargas Eliana Marcela
Published: January 2021

En Colombia hay muy pocos estudios que reflejen la situación actual de la sífilis en la población transgénero, pero queda en evidencia que existe una alta relación de esta enfermedad con las prácticas sexuales que ejercen. (Palacios M, 2017) Por tal razón es necesario reconocer cuáles son las representaciones sociales que tiene la población transgénero sobre relaciones sexuales y la sífilis con el fin de implementar las intervenciones correspondientes a partir de la identificación de los factores de riesgo. El objetivo fue identificar las representaciones sociales sobre relaciones sexuales y sífilis, en personas Transgénero de la localidad de los Mártires en Bogotá. El diseño fue cualitativo, se apoyó en métodos asociativos para la recolección del contenido y la organización de las representaciones sociales, como son listados libres y cuestionarios de comparación de pares. Se integró una muestra por bola de nieve, participaron 32 mujeres transgénero. El análisis fue a través del enfoque estructural de las representaciones sociales con el apoyo de la teoría de grafos. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron una visión social y emocional de las representaciones sociales de los conceptos de relaciones sexuales y sífilis, información que se convierte en una en base para poder abordar la salud sexual de esta población.
El programa Apuesta por tu vida, ejemplo de la intervención en adicciones desde las políticas sociales
Authors: Picado Valverde Eva María , Yurrebaso Macho Amaia
Published: January 2021

En la actualidad, el juego de apuestas está generando alarma social debido al incremento de su uso, especialmente en los menores. Esta situación está obligando a los poderes públicos a adoptar medidas dirigidas a su regulación, y al diseño de políticas públicas de intervención comunitaria, especialmente dirigidas al colectivo de los jóvenes. El juego responsable es una estrategia preventiva incluida en la prevención selectiva dentro de las políticas públicas en adicciones. Para elaborar un programa adecuado es necesario conocer la situación real de la conducta que queremos abordar desde diferentes perspectivas, los factores individuales de las personas que juegan, los factores sociales e interaccionales y los factores contextuales, además de elementos de gran relevancia como es el estado de la norma y la influencia de la publicidad, entre otros. Analizando la ludopatía se pueden extraer factores preventivos para el desarrollo de programas. El programa apuesta por tu vida es un ejemplo de programa basado en el estudio científico para el desarrollo de los objetivos y las acciones que se enmarcaran en el mismo. Las políticas públicas deben desarrollarse en base a dos elementos: el conocimiento científico y la realidad social.
Effect of Fluid Flow Direction on Charging of Multitube Thermal Energy Storage for Flat Plate Solar Collectors
Authors: Senthil Ramalingam
Published: January 2021

Flat plate solar collector plays a significant role in domestic water heating due to the ease of operation and maintenance. Thermal energy storage with phase change materials is used to store heat energy. The thermal performance of paraffin wax-based multitube latent heat storage with a flat plate solar collector is investigated experimentally. The present work focuses on the fluid flow direction for charging and discharging in a vertical multitube-based thermal storage unit. The charging process took about four hours, with a fluid flow rate of 0.02 kg/s at about 70°C. The flat plate solar collector's thermal efficiency is 56.42% for the fluid flow rate of 0.02 kg/s at the average solar radiation of about 600 W/m2. During the discharge process, there was an increase in water temperature by 40°C at a fluid flow rate of 0.01 kg/s in 30 minutes. The 25-liters of water is circulated to discharge the stored heat. The heat storage effectiveness is varied between about 0.4 and 0.75. During the discharge, the flow of water from the center to the periphery showed about a 1.7% higher temperature than that of the water from the periphery to the center. For charging the heat storage, the preferred fluid flow mode is from the periphery to the center. The employment of latent heat storage with a solar collector is beneficial for our thermal needs after sunshine hours.
ALIRAN INOVASI KERAJINAN RAMBUT PALSU DALAM PENGEMBANGAN INDUSTRI KREATIF DI PURBALINGGA
Authors: Jayanti Devi Rahma , Artiningsih A
Published: January 2021

Kemampuan beradaptasi dengan cara merespon permintaan pasar dan inovasi pengolahan kerajinan rambut palsu di Purbalingga menjadikannya mampu bertahan hingga 68 tahun. Sebagai modal keberlanjutan usaha, inovasi mencakup proses pelaku usaha mengakses ide kreatif dari berbagai sumber dan menerapkannya sesuai kondisi dan kebutuhan. Inovasi mampu memberikan nilai tambah melalui berbagai penciptaan alternatif produk rambut palsu. Secara empiris inovasi tidak hanya berasal dari keahlian yang diwariskan, namun juga dari kepekaan memanfaatkan ide dan pengetahuan baru dari sumber lain. Aliran inovasi memberikan ilustrasi asal sumber ide kreatif dan bagaimana ide tersebut sampai kepada pelaku usaha, sehingga mampu menghasilkan diversifikasi produk, perluasan jejaring pemasaran maupun perolehan bahan baku untuk efisiensi proses produksi. Tujuan penelitian ini berpa identifikasi aliran inovasi industri kreatif kerajinan rambut palsu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif melalui pendekatan studi kasus. Wawancara mendalam dilakukan kepada 10 narasumber yang dipilih menggunakan teknik snowballing. Analisis kronologis perkembangan usaha diilustrasikan secara deskriptif dan spasial didukung teknik triangulasi menggunakan desk study. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan aliran inovasi kerajinan rambut palsu di Purbalingga tidak hanya bersumber dari pengetahuan yang diwariskan, tetapi juga pengetahuan baru dari interaksi dengan pabrik rambut palsu, pelatihan dan mitra kerja pemasaran. Perluasan perkembangan pasar hingga skala regional juga berperan terhadap aliran inovasi dan munculnya kerajinan rambut palsu di luar Purbalingga. Aliran inovasi juga terjadi antar pelaku usaha melalui interaksi dan pembelajaran sosial dalam hubungan keluarga,  tenaga kerja, dan kompetisi usaha.
ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH DALAM PENGEMBANGAN USAHA MIKRO KECIL DAN MENENGAH (UMKM) BERBASIS RUMAH (HOME-BASED ENTERPRISES/HBE) DI KOTA SEMARANG, SURAKARTA, BOYOLALI, SALATIGA, DAN SURABAYA
Authors: Tyas Wido Prananing , Sianturi Onixtin Octarina , H Julius Kevin P
Published: January 2021

Home based Enterprises (Usaha Rumah Tangga) yaitu usaha atau aktivitas yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan rumah/bagian rumah dan pekarangan untuk meningkatkan penghasilan keluarga. Perkembangan UMKM berbasis rumah tidak terlepas dari adanya peran pemerintah sebagai stakeholder dalam upaya pemberdayaan UMKM berdasarkan kebijakan dan program yang ada. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan analisis kebijakan yang merupakan suatu langkah penting dalam penentuan upaya yang akan dilaksanakan. Keberhasilan dalam kebijakan terhadap penyelesaian satu masalah tertentu sangat tergantung pada stakeholder yang terkait dan berperan langsung dalam pembangunan di wilayah perkotaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebijakan yang mendukung dalam pengembangan UMKM industri berbasis rumah (HBE) dalam meningkatkan usaha.  Melalui analisis ini, dapat dilihat identifikasi kebijakan pendukung dalam berkembangnya usaha. Adapun penelitian ini dilakukan melalui studi kasus 5 kota yaitu industri rumah tangga (IRT) yang berlokasi di Kota Salatiga, Kabupaten Boyolali, Kota Surakarta, Kota Semarang dan Kota Surabaya yang mewakili berbagai tipe industri berbasis rumah (home based industry) yaitu kecil/ tradisional, menengah dan besar/orientasi ekspor di kota kecil, menengah dan besar. Metode yang dilakukan adalah dengan membandingkan berbagai program  dalam mendukung keberadaan UMKM industri di 5 kota berdasarkan telaah dokumen serta FGD atau wawancara. Dokumen berupa kebijakan atau program pendukung UMKM dan FGD dilakukan dengan mengundang pemangku kebijakan terkait pengembangan UMKM serta pelaku usaha dari 4 kota di Propinsi Jawa Tengah tersebut. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah peran pemerintah berperan dalam pengembangan UMKM industri berbasis rumah ini dengan berbagai program yamg telah dilakukan. Oleh karena itu, peran pemerintah menjadi salah satu kunci berkembangnya UMKM berbasis rumah.
Bahasa Jepang vs Bahasa Inggris sebagai Bahasa Asing dalam Persepsi Mahasiswa Indonesia
Authors: Reswari, S.Pd., M.Sc Girindra Putri Ardana
Published: January 2021

Bahasa Inggris dan Bahasa Jepang merupakan dua bahasa asing yang sama-sama banyak dipelajari oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Meskipun Bahasa Inggris dan Jepang sama-sama dipelajari dengan sangat luas di Indonesia,Permasalahan yang timbul adalah terkait dengan kurangnya penelitian yang membuktikan apakah banyak bahasa asing lain yang perlu atau bahkan memiliki banyak peminat di Indonesia. Sebagian besar penelitian terhadap pembelajaran bahasa asing hanya terfokus pada pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris. Untuk itulah artikel ini akan menelaah lebih jauh persepsi masyarakat khususnya mahasiswa terhadap bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Jepang sebagai bahasa asing di Indonesia. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memahami persepsi yang ada pada masyarakat di balik alasan peminatan terhadap Bahasa Inggris atau Bahasa Jepang. Sehingga diharapkan pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris dan Jepang sebagai bahasa asing ke depan dapat dikembangkan lebih maksimal berdasarkan kesulitan yang dirasakan. Lebih lanjut, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan gambaran terhadap persepsi-persepsi masyarakat sebagai tolak ukur pemahaman masyarakat mengenai lulusan Bahasa asing khususnya Bahasa Inggris dan Jepang di Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode studi kasus terhadap 110 mahasiswa Sarjana Terapan Bahasa Asing pada Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Diponegoro, Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah  persepsi mahasiswa terhadap lebih menjanjikan Bahasa Inggris dibandingkan Bahasa Jepang dalam hal pemilihan karir rupanya masih tinggi. Sedangkan, pemilihan Bahasa Jepang rupanya lebih didasarkan pada minat dan persepsi mahasiswa terhadap keindahan dan keunikan yang dimiliki oleh negara dan budaya Jepang.
Dekonstruksi Makna Priyayi dalam Novel Para Priyayi Karya Umar Kayam
Authors: Kasimbara Devi Cintia , Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih
Published: January 2021

Kepriyayian identik dengan status sosial seseorang dalam pandangan masyarakat. Priyayi dipandang sebagai orang yang memiliki status sosial yang tinggi dan terpandang. Bisa karena keturunan dari keluarga terpandang ataupun karena memiliki pekerjaan yang berstatus sosial tinggi. Dalam novel Para Priyayi makna yang ideal tersebut dijungkirbalikkan oleh Umar Kayam. Penelitian ini menggunakan cara kerja teori dekonstruksi Derrida dengan menemukan oposisi-oposisi berlawanan pada novel Para Priyayi. Hasilnya dapat dilihat bahwa Umar Kayam menunjukkan bahwa kepriyayian bukanlah sekadar gaya hidup maupun status sosial, namun lebih kepada kepribadian itu sendiri, bagaimana seseorang berguna bagi masyarakat. Hal ini menjungkirbalikkan esensi makna priyayi yang telah tertanam kuat di hati dan pikiran masyarakat bahwa kepriyayian yang sangat lekat dengan gaya hidup maupun status sosial.Kata Kunci: dekonstruksi, priyayi, derrida, umar kayam, para priyayi.
México: estructura productiva y penetración de las importaciones intermedias, 2003 y 2013
Authors: Murillo Villanueva Brenda
Published: January 2021

Este artículo analiza y compara las relaciones intersectoriales de las estructuras de producción total y doméstica de México de 2003 y 2013, y muestra el efecto de la penetración de las importaciones intermedias en los vínculos de producción de la estructura doméstica, así como la dependenciasectorial a las importaciones intermedias. Con ese fin, a partir de las matrices de insumo-producto, se utilizaron los métodos de matrices del producto multiplicador (MPM) y de extracción hipotética (MEH). Los resultados indican la existencia de dos estructuras de producción distintas, además de la desarticulación de algunos sectores, sobre todo industriales, con las actividades domésticas de producción. Se identifican sectores altamente dependientes de las importaciones intermedias y otros con mayor capacidad de arrastre y de generación de valor doméstico.
La generación de nuevo conocimiento en economía: un modelo de crecimiento endógeno
Authors: Prieto-Bustos William Orlando , Tejedor-Estupiñán Joan Miguel
Published: January 2021

Este artículo presenta un modelo para la producción de nuevo conocimiento sobre la relación endógena de actividades docentes y actividades investigativas. La descripción teórica del modelo expone los rendimientos a escala en función de una curva de aprendizaje. En esta, la existencia de una comunidad académica —en el sentido de Lakatos— es determinante para la generación de nuevo conocimientocientífico, pues contrarresta el caso particular de rendimientos decrecientes. La base para el ejercicio de Montecarlo fue construida sobre las características estadísticas de los registros de la producción científica de la Universidad Católica de Colombia, que constan en las revistas de economía desde el 2007 hasta el 2010, y permitió establecer dos conclusiones. La primera es que, ante rendimientos crecientes, las mejoras en el coeficiente de aprendizaje y en capital humano impulsan progresivamente la tasa de crecimiento de nuevo conocimiento, sin modificar las cantidades de capital y trabajo, combinadas en la tecnología inicial. La segunda conclusión muestra que el ritmo de crecimiento del coeficiente de aprendizaje por la práctica y en el capital humano aumenta la producción de nuevo conocimiento en forma continua cuando existe una comunidad académica, en relación con una tecnología con rendimientos decrecientes de un entornosin comunidad académica.
Medición de la eficiencia en el uso de las regalías petroleras : una aplicación del análisis envolvente de datos.
Authors: Armenta Vergara Rosa María , Barreto Nieto Carlos Alberto , Prieto Bustos William Orlando
Published: January 2021

En este documento se evalúa y analiza, mediante la metodología del análisis envolvente de datos, la relación entre las regalías directas y las coberturas mínimas alcanzadas por los mu-nicipios productores de petróleo para el periodo 2007-2008. Dicha metodología ha sido im-plementada en diferentes estudios que evalúan la eficiencia en la administración guberna-mental; sin embargo, en Colombia no existe evidencia de su utilización en la gestión de las transferencias por explotación de petróleo. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian una eficiencia técnica pura promedio del 24 % para el 2007 y del 19,6 % para el 2008, en los cuatro modelos analizados. De lo anterior se concluye que son pocos los municipios que presentan un desempeño eficiente en cuanto a la gestión de regalías.
Impacto de la crisis económica en el empleo de las regiones españolas : un análisis sectorial en el periodo 2007-2010.
Authors: Peña Sánchez Antonio Rafael , Jiménez García Mercedes , Ruiz Chico José
Published: January 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el impacto que la crisis económica ha tenido en las distintas regiones y en los sectores de la economía española durante el periodo 2007-2010, medido a través del empleo y el capital humano. Para tal fin, se ha estudiado la evolución del mercado de trabajo y el capital humano en los últimos años. El destacado descenso experimentado por el empleo, así como en menor medida por el capital humano, pone de manifiesto la vulnerabilidad del tejido productivo y empresarial de las regiones españolas. No obstante, los resultados que arrojan el estudio planteado sostienen que la crisis económica ha afectado de forma desigual a las regiones españolas; esta se ha intensificado, principalmente, en aquellos territorios con mayor especialización en sectores como la construcción, la industria y los servicios destinados a la venta.
Análisis de la heurística en la contratación empresarial a través de una cartera de derivados reales.
Authors: Bou Ysás Silvia , Cayón Costa Magda , Hernández Albert
Published: January 2021

Dada la situación actual y partiendo del supuesto que como herramienta para una correcta política de empleo la legislación laboral debe sentar las bases sólidas para que en el momento de recuperación económica se generen puestos de trabajo estables, se presenta un modelo de simulación de contratación que nos va a permitir un análisis de sensibilidad de las distintas variables a tener en cuenta en una regulación del mercado laboral.
El modelo consiste en asimilar el comportamiento del empresario al del propietario de una cartera de inversión compuesta por dos derivados reales, un swap y una opción de venta americana. Este modelo nos permite, por un lado, hacer un análisis de sensibilidad de las diferentes variables que intervienen en la contratación, y, por otro lado, analizar los efectos que la última reforma laboral española tiene sobre la decisión de contratar del empresario. Los resultados son claros, la variable que más sensibilidad presenta sobre la contratación es la cuota patronal de la seguridad social, y aplicando los cambios propuestos en esta última reforma laboral, se concretan estos efectos y también se concluye que la reducción de los costes de despido no acelera la decisión de contratar.
Influence of the Printing Nozzle Diameter on Tensile Strength of Produced 3D Models in FDM Technology
Authors: Kiński Wojciech , Pietkiewicz Paweł
Published: January 2021

The article presents the results of tensile strength tests taking into account the influence of the printing nozzle diameter. The 3D printing method in FDM technology is described. The aim of the research was to investigate the effect of the printing nozzle diameter installed in the head. Samples printed with two types of filling were tested. The obtained results were summarized and compared. The printing time of the samples was compared with a diameter of each nozzle. Based on the strength tests, it can be concluded that the tensile strength of the samples made with the FDM printing technology is proportional to the used printing nozzle diameter.
The Use of Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) in the Power Industry
Authors: Paszkowski Jarosław , Domański Maciej , Caban Jacek , Zarajczyk Janusz , Pristavka Miroslav , Findura Pavol
Published: January 2021

The paper presents the concept of use of fuels produced from production waste (RDF). The usefulness of RDF processed into pellets used in the chemical and power industry was also analyzed. The paper presents the results of research on the quality and content of selected elements in RDF pellets. The values of individual indexes are within the ranges typical for fuels manufactured from plastics. The tested material’s humidity was identified as low, as well as the content of chlorine, sulfur and other elements. In the working condition, the calorific value of the tested sample was 25.260 MJ·kg−1 and was above the range of typical values for RDF (13-20 MJ·kg−1). The moisture content in the tested material was 1% and it was within the required range. In the laboratory tests, the content of chlorine and sulfur was also determined.
The First Golden Age of the Tourism of Pécs
Authors:   University of Pécs, Faculty of Business and Economics, Department of Marketing and Tourism, Gonda Tibor
Published: January 2021

In the second half of the 19th century Pécs was one of the most dynamically developing cities of Hungary. This process persisted until World War I. The losses of the world war and the following 3 years of Serbian occupation caused huge damages in the economy and society of the city. The paper, bringing forward the antecedents of the economic history and the economic environment, reviews the first golden age of the tourism of Pécs. The tourism of Pécs experienced an extraordinary development in the 1930s. The cities of the country, getting over the trauma of World War I and the Great Economic Crisis, realised the economic opportunities of tourism and their majority started a conscious development of this branch of economy. Its importance was also realised by the management of Pécs and among the first in the country, on the 28th March, 1933 the municipality committee adjudicated to establish the tourism committee and the tourism bureau. An enthusiastic welcome “propaganda” has been launched and a conscious product development work has been realised primarily concentrating on – in today’s terms – cultural and ecotourism. The tourism supply was based on the heritage values of the city and on the natural beauties of the Mecsek Mountains. The hosting conditions, such as the accommodations and guest catering places, were established with the adequate quality. Such transport connections were realised – which can make us envious even today – as the direct flight connections with Budapest and Kaposvár or the train connections with Vienna. Budapest could be accessed within 3 hours by train and due to the cheap railways domestic tourism became multitudinous and its greatest beneficiary was Pécs. The city development decisions payed regard to the needs of tourism and there was also an intention to utilise the local products in tourism which is even fashionable today. Presently the market of local products has its renaissance. The results of the 1930s have their impacts on the tourism of the present day Pécs as well.