bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New studies on the radiopurity and performances of Cs2ZrCl6 crystal scintillators
Authors: Belli P. , Bernabei R. , Cappella F. , Caracciolo V. , Cerulli R. , Incicchitti A. , Leoncini A. , Merlo V. , Nagorny S.S. , Nahorna V.V. , Wang P.
Published: May 2024

In this work, we present new studies by using different
materials and procedures to improve the performances and radiopurity
of Cs2ZrCl6 (CZC) crystal scintillators. In particular,
measurements of three new CZC crystals as scintillators were
performed over 97.7 days live-time in the low-background DAMA/CRYS
set-up deep underground at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS)
of the I.N.F.N. They allow us to derive elements for improvements
towards a possible future use of this kind of detectors in the
search for neutrino-less double beta decay of 94,96Zr and rare
single beta decay of 96Zr.
A configurable ultra-low noise current source for transition-edge sensor characterization
Authors: Li N. , Liao G. , Li Z. , Yan D. , Xu Y. , Zhang Y. , Liu Z. , Yuan S. , Zhang Y. , Gao H. , Li Y. , Gu Y. , Liu C. , Li H. , Ren X.
Published: May 2024

Transition-edge sensors (TESs) are sensitive devices for
detecting photons from millimeter radiation to γ rays. Their
photon counting efficiency and collecting area benefit from
large-array multiplexing scheme, and therefore the development of
multiplexing readout system has been an important topic in this
field. Among the many multiplex techniques, time-division
multiplexing (TDM) superconducting quantum interference device
(SQUID) has been used most widely for TES readout. In this work, we
design a Configurable Ultra-Low Noise Current Source (CLCS) for TES
characterization and as a part of a whole TDM-TES bias control
system. The CLCS is based on the feedback structure of ultra-low
noise instrumentation amplifiers and low-noise, high-resolution
(20 bits) digital-to-analog converter (DAC). CLCS has an ultra-high
resolution of 10 nA in the 0 to 5 mA current output range,
and can perform current-voltage (IV) sweep and bias-step tests to
measure key TES parameters on board. The feedback structure of the
CLCS also avoids the issue of impedance mismatch.
Hydrometeorological response to afforestation in the UK: findings from a kilometer-scale climate model
Authors: Buechel Marcus , Berthou Ségolène , Slater Louise , Keat William , Lewis Huw , Dadson Simon
Published: May 2024

Afforestation is of international interest for its positive benefits on carbon storage, ecology, and society, but its impacts on terrestrial and atmospheric processes are still poorly understood. This study presents the first use of a coupled land surface and convection permitting atmospheric model (CPM) to quantify hydrometeorological effects of afforestation across the United Kingdom, focusing on atmospheric processes often missing in hydrological models. Generating a scenario of 93 000 km2 (40%) additional woodland across the UK, the periods of 2042–2052 and 2062–2072 are analysed. Simulated afforestation alters seasonal and regional UK hydrometeorology. Countrywide runoff increases in all seasons (between 5.4–11 mm and 4.3–8.6% per season) due to elevated subsurface flows from greater soil moisture. Evaporation decreases in summer (−20.6 mm, −10%) but increases in winter (8.1 mm, 15%) whereas rainfall increases throughout all seasons (between 2.2–6.86 mm and 0.9%–2.2% per season). Greater winter rainfall is detected along Great Britain’s west coastline as increased surface roughness produces prolonged and heavier rainfall. In the summer, lower albedo increases potential evapotranspiration and reduces near surface specific humidity: water is locked in deeper soil layers as transpiration diminishes and the topsoil dries out. However, the magnitude of hydrometeorological change due to altered land cover is smaller than the uncertainty in local climate change projections. This work sets a precedent in illustrating the impacts of afforestation on hydrology using a high-resolution CPM and highlights the importance of coupled hydrometeorological processes when investigating land cover impacts on hydrological processes.
Interplay of altermagnetism and weak ferromagnetism in two-dimensional RuF4
Authors: Milivojević Marko , Orozović Marko , Picozzi Silvia , Gmitra Martin , Stavrić Srđan
Published: May 2024

Gaining growing attention in spintronics is a class of magnets displaying zero net magnetization and spin-split electronic bands called altermagnets. Here, by combining density functional theory and symmetry analysis, we show that RuF4 monolayer is a two-dimensional (2D) d-wave altermagnet. Spin–orbit coupling leads to pronounced spin splitting of the electronic bands at the Γ point by

∼

100

meV

and turns the RuF4 into a weak ferromagnet due to nontrivial spin-momentum locking that cants the Ru magnetic moments. The net magnetic moment scales linearly with the spin–orbit coupling strength. Using group theory we derive an effective spin Hamiltonian capturing the spin-splitting and spin-momentum locking of the electronic bands. Disentanglement of the altermagnetic and spin–orbit coupling induced spin splitting uncovers to which extent the altermagnetic properties are affected by the spin–orbit coupling. Our results move the spotlight to the nontrivial spin-momentum locking and weak ferromagnetism in the 2D altermagnets relevant for novel venues in this emerging field of material science research.
The effect of microstructure on the initial corrosion behavior of low carbon steel in simulated coal solution
Authors: He Chunyu , Yu Wei , Tang Di
Published: May 2024

The service life of weathering steels in wagon body was determined by their corrosion resistance directly. This study investigated the influence of microstructure on the initial corrosion behavior of low carbon steels, systematically. The initial corrosion behavior of ferritic-bainitic (F+B) steel, bainitic (B) steel and ferritic-pearlitic (F+P) steel are thoroughly analyzed using coal leach solution immersion test, macroscopic and microcircuit electrochemical methods. The results revealed that F+B steel exhibited the highest corrosion resistance, with the potential of M-A islands surpassing that of ferrite. The initial corrosion initiates from the dissolution of the ferrite matrix, followed by detachment of the M-A islands. The potential of M-A islands is higher than that of bainitic ferrite lath, and the corrosion originates from ferrite dissolution in B steel. Moreover, F+P steel exhibited the largest potential difference between pearlitic and ferrite, leading to initiation of corrosion from the pearlitic corrosion of internal ferrite. Additionally, the multiphase characteristics of P in F+P steel exacerbates their corrosion susceptibility. Overall, the influence of microstructure on the initial corrosion behavior of low carbon steels can be attributed to the potential difference between different phases. Ferrite is the preferentially dissolved phase due to its negative potential difference.
Preliminary fabrication and analysis of a novel porous Cu-CNT composite for photothermal applications
Authors: Nguyen Phan Trong Nghia , Mai Thi Phuong , Nguyen Thi Minh Hien , To Anh Duc , Tran Bao Trung , Doan Dinh Phuong , Oleg Smorygo , Phan Ngoc Minh , Bui Hung Thang
Published: May 2024

Employing Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), we created and then investigated properties of a novel carbon-nanotube porous-copper composite (porous Cu-CNT composite). Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Energy-Dispersive x-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) clearly revealed successful coating of CNTs, with its density increasing proportionally with the deposition time. In addition, Raman spectroscopy confirmed the constitution of the composite, which included oxygen, copper, and a high level of carbon. We also found out that the higher density of CNTs led to a significant improvement in light absorption in the visible spectrum, compared with the uncoated porous copper. This special property, combined with the porosity of the copper sample, as well as the exceptional thermal and optical properties of CNTs, makes the composite a highly promising candidate for photothermal applications.
Effect of microstructural features on the fatigue behavior of the valve mechanism cam rolling contact
Authors: Su Qian , Wang Chenxue , Deng Guidan , Huang Zeng , Liao Jianbin , Luo Linghui
Published: May 2024

This study introduces a methodology that incorporates gradient structural features and crystal plasticity for assessing contact fatigue in engine valve cams. It explored the influence of grain characteristics and structural gradients on fatigue failure through the lens of Plastic Strain Energy Density (PSED). Findings indicate that variability in crystal orientation significantly impacts PSED and subsequent crack initiation. Additionally, shot peening induces a gradient in grain size, promoting orderly deformation, stress alleviation, and improved fatigue resistance. The study suggests that an optimal fatigue resistance in cam contacts is achievable with a gradient layer comprising 75% volume fraction, which strikes a balance between cost and technical feasibility.
Robustness of probability routing strategy in interconnection networks
Authors: Ma Jinlong , Ma Jiaxin , Wei Jindong
Published: May 2024

With the rapid development of complex networks, the research on robustness has gradually attracted the attention of scholars. In this paper, the research mainly focuses on the analysis of the stability and vulnerability of probability routing strategy on interconnection networks. Firstly, random attacks or target attacks are carried out on the network, and then its maximum connected subgraph is calculated, and the routing strategy is applied to the maximum connected subgraph. This paper evaluates the strategy’s robustness by examining some network parameters. Simulation outcomes reveal that in comparison to effective routing and the shortest path routing strategies, the probability routing strategy demonstrates superior robustness, evidenced by its performance in terms of network traffic capacity and average path length.
Correction for geometric distortion in the flattened representation of pipeline external surface
Authors: Cheng Xiaoqi , Zhong Baiyu , Tan Haishu , Qiao Jian , Yang Jingwei , Li Xiaosong
Published: May 2024

Conventional cameras often produce external pipeline surface images with significant perspective-projection distortions, making determining the type and size of defects on the pipeline surface difficult. To address this issue, we present a novel approach for correcting the geometric distortion of a constant diameter pipeline (CDP) external surface image based on apparent contour pairs (ACPs). First, the camera is calibrated and the real projection position of ACPs accurately extracted. Second, a single-view perspective projection model of the CDP is adopted to realize a three-dimensional reconstruction of the pipeline. Subsequently, the flattened image of the CDP’s outer surface is obtained by performing equidistant sampling of cross sections, determining the visibility of discrete points, and mapping projection points onto a flat surface. Simulations and real experiments demonstrated the high accurate method in the correction of CDP images. Experiments conducted under different outdoor scenarios confirmed the robustness of the proposed method.
Improved mountain gazelle optimizer based interactive distributed strategy to solving large scale OPF
Authors: Mahdad Belkacem
Published: May 2024

This paper focuses on solving the multi-objective optimal power flow of large-scale power systems under critical loading margin stability with accuracy using a novel improved mountain gazelle optimizer (IMGO)-based flexible distributed strategy. Multi-shunt compensator-based flexible alternative current transmission systems (FACTS), such as SVC and STATCOM devices, are integrated at specified locations to exchange reactive power with the network. Several metaheuristic methods can solve the standard OPF related to small and medium test systems. However, by considering large-scale electric systems based on FACTS devices and renewable energy and by considering the operation under loading margin stability, the majority of these techniques fail to achieve a near-global solution because of the high dimension and nonlinearity of the problem to be solved. This study proposes the Multi-Objective OPF-Based Distributed Strategy (MO-OPFDS), a new planning strategy that optimizes individually and simultaneously various objective functions, in particular the total power loss (T∆P), and the total voltage deviation (T∆V). Standard MGO search is enhanced by automatically balancing exploration and exploitation throughout the search. The robustness of the proposed variant was validated on a large electric test system, the IEEE 118-Bus, and on the Algerian Network 114-Bus under normal conditions and at critical loading margin stability. The obtained results compared with several recent techniques clearly confirm the high performance of the proposed method in terms of solution accuracy and convergence behavior.
Effectiveness of wind-constrained sea-ice momentum on formation of sea-ice distribution and upper halocline of Arctic Ocean in climate model
Authors: Ono Jun , Komuro Yoshiki , Tatebe Hiroaki , Kimura Noriaki
Published: May 2024

Initialization of sea ice and the upper halocline in the Arctic Ocean is crucial for sea-ice prediction, but their representation in climate models still remains biased. Here, using historical and four different simulations by a single climate model, we find that constraining the sea-ice momentum by surface wind stress contributes to a better representation of the sea-ice velocity, area, and concentration. Moreover, the wind-constrained sea-ice drift modifies the underlying ocean structure via ice-ocean stress, leading to an improved climatological halocline’s vertical structure in the Canada Basin. This is because the excessively represented negative wind and ice-ocean stress curl in the climate model is weakened when constraining the sea-ice momentum and consequently the downward vertical speed, including the Ekman pumping, is also weakened at depths of 0–500 m, alleviating the deepening of isohalines. From these results, the improvement of sea-ice and ocean states by constraining sea-ice momentum is expected to make sea-ice prediction more accurate.
Against the Standard View, Part Two
Authors: Foley Richard
Published: May 2024

Contrary to the standard view, truth-related considerations on their own rarely make it appropriate to believe something. The only exceptions are when a claim is completely certain. Otherwise, issues of intellectual risk come into play, and a mixture of truth-related and non-truth-related determines whether there are adequate reasons to believe. A way of trying to salvage the standard view is to argue it’s never reasonable to have full-stop beliefs in claims that aren’t certain, but these arguments fail. Having such beliefs is a deep-seated feature of our real-world intellectual lives. Not dealing with questions of what can make it appropriate to have them leaves a hole in the middle of an epistemology. In addition, there are other crippling problems for the standard view. When we deliberate about something, what’s at stake is whether our attitude about it should be different or the same going forward, but the standard view has nothing to say about this. It’s wholly concerned with current attitudes and current circumstances. Treating questions of reasonability in terms of the appropriateness of change is a corrective to the standard view’s fixations on truth-related considerations and the current moment. In addressing these questions, truth-related considerations are relevant but so are non-truth-related considerations and alterations in the current circumstances.
Toward a Less Constricted Epistemology
Authors: Foley Richard
Published: May 2024

Epistemologies subscribing to the standard view are exceptionally narrow. They limit themselves to beliefs or degrees of confidence, the current moment, and truth-related considerations. A less constricted epistemology acknowledges that beliefs, degrees of confidence, and intellectual commitments all play vital roles in our intellectual lives, that the key issue in overseeing all these attitudes is whether it’s appropriate to revise or add to them for purposes going forward, and that a mixture of practical, political, ethical, and intellectual considerations beyond the current moment, not just ones about current likelihood, determine what’s appropriate. This approach has greater resources to explain how we exercise control over our views about important issues, and hence why we're responsible, and at times blameworthy, for having these views. In the common parlance, it allows for “encroachment.” The widespread use of this term, with its derogatory connotation of a trespass beyond proper limits, is itself suggestive of the deep hold of the standard view. Its vision of an untainted realm in which only truth-related considerations determine the reasonability of our belief-like attitudes may be tantalizing, but it’s illusory.
Domestic and International Cosmetic Tourism Complications Presenting to a US Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Chin Madeline G , McIntire Damon R T , Wang Margaret R , Liu Paul Y , Breuing Karl H
Published: May 2024

Background

Cosmetic surgery tourism has become a significant global industry. Often patients who develop postoperative complications present for care in their US home state.

Objectives

In this study we evaluated patients who either traveled abroad or to other states within the United States for cosmetic surgeries and later came with complications for treatment at the authors’ center. We sought to compare rates of complications between patients who underwent cosmetic surgery internationally and domestically.

Methods

In this retrospective cross-sectional study we reviewed patients who presented from June 2014 to June 2022 with concerns related to cosmetic surgeries performed in another state or abroad. Binary logistic regressions were performed to assess differences in outcomes between domestic and international cases, including complications, interventions, and admissions.

Results

One-hundred twenty-three patients (97.6% female, mean age 34.0 ± 8.7 years, range 16-62 years) sought 159 emergency department consultations. The most common procedures included abdominoplasty (n = 72) and liposuction (n = 56). Complications included wound dehiscence (n = 39), infection (n = 38), and seroma (n = 34). Over one-half of patients required intervention. Twenty-nine patients (23.6%) required hospital admission. On multivariate regression analyses, incidence of seroma (P = .025) and oral (P = .036) and intravenous antibiotic prescriptions (P = .045) was significantly greater among the international cohort than the domestic, and all other complication variables were nonsignificant. There were no other significant differences in operative interventions or hospital admissions between international and domestic cohorts.

Conclusions

Compared to domestic tourism cases, international tourism cases were associated with significantly higher rates of seroma formation and antibiotic use. There were no significant differences otherwise in overall complications, including infections, operative interventions, or hospital admissions.

Level of Evidence: 3
Comparing skin swabs, buccal swabs, and toe clips for amphibian genetic sampling, a case study with a small anuran (Acris blanchardi)
Authors: Rainey Travis A , Tryc Emily E , Nicholson Kirsten E
Published: May 2024

Multiple methods for collecting genetic samples from amphibians exist, each with their own implications for study design, animal welfare, and costs. Toe clipping is one common method, but there is ongoing debate regarding its potential detriment. Less invasive methods should be implemented, if efficacious, as amphibians are a particularly vulnerable vertebrate group. Skin and buccal swabbing are less invasive methods for genetic sampling, but the potential for contamination and a lower yield of DNA may exist. To compare these methods, we gathered skin swabs, buccal swabs, and toe clips from the same individuals of a relatively small anuran species, Blanchard’s Cricket Frog (Acris blanchardi). We then compared DNA yield, DNA purity, amplification success rate, and genotypic data quality among sample types. We found toe clips and buccal swabs generated similar DNA yield and purity, with skin swabs yielding significantly less DNA of significantly lower purity than the other sample types. Amplification success rate was significantly higher using toe clips compared to the other sample types, though buccal swab samples amplified more readily than skin swabs. Genotypic data from toe clips and buccal swabs did not differ significantly in quality, but skin swab data quality was significantly lowest among sample types. Thus, skin swabbing could produce erroneous data in some situations, but buccal swabbing is likely an effective substitute to toe clipping, even for small species. Our results can help future researchers select which genetic sampling method might best suit their research needs.
Neoadjuvant treatment of colorectal cancer: comprehensive review
Authors: Smith Henry G , Nilsson Per J , Shogan Benjamin D , Harji Deena , Gambacorta Maria Antonietta , Romano Angela , Brandl Andreas , Qvortrup Camilla
Published: May 2024

Background

Neoadjuvant therapy has an established role in the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer. However, its role continues to evolve due to both advances in the available treatment modalities, and refinements in the indications for neoadjuvant treatment and subsequent surgery.

Methods

A narrative review of the most recent relevant literature was conducted.

Results

Short-course radiotherapy and long-course chemoradiotherapy have an established role in improving local but not systemic disease control in patients with rectal cancer. Total neoadjuvant therapy offers advantages over short-course radiotherapy and long-course chemoradiotherapy, not only in terms of increased local response but also in reducing the risk of systemic relapses. Non-operative management is increasingly preferred to surgery in patients with rectal cancer and clinical complete responses but is still associated with some negative impacts on functional outcomes. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy may be of some benefit in patients with locally advanced colon cancer with proficient mismatch repair, although patient selection is a major challenge. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy in patients with deficient mismatch repair cancers in the colon or rectum is altering the treatment paradigm for these patients.

Conclusion

Neoadjuvant treatments for patients with colon or rectal cancers continue to evolve, increasing the complexity of decision-making for patients and clinicians alike. This review describes the current guidance and most recent developments.
Harnessing zirconocene (III) for photoinduced carbon radical generation
Authors: Ota Eisuke , Aida Kazuhiro , Yamaguchi Junichiro
Published: May 2024

With recent advances in photoredox chemistry, a variety of methods for generating carbon radicals have emerged. This review highlights recent approaches for radical generation utilizing zirconocene(III), a species infrequently employed in organic syntheses. Of particular interest are methods employing visible light irradiation, which induce C–Zr bond homolysis of alkyl zirconium species or activate a photoredox catalyst to reduce zirconocene(IV).
Chiral induction and amplification of achiral molecules induced by chiral compounds in solid matrices
Authors: Abe Minori , Kachi-Terajima Chihiro , Toyoda Masahiro , Ohga Yasushi , Harada Takunori
Published: May 2024

To demonstrate chiral induction and amplification in the solid state, we investigated co-crystals prepared from (S)- or (R)-1-phenylethylamine and achiral biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid by solvent-free crystallization. The chiroptical and optical properties of the co-crystals were characterized by circular dichroism spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and time-dependent density functional theory calculations, revealing chiral induction, and amplification in the solid phase.
Acute kidney tubular injury after ingestion of red yeast rice supplement
Authors: Miyazaki Reina , Takahashi Yasuhito , Kawamura Tetsuya , Ueda Hiroyuki , Tsuboi Nobuo , Yokoo Takashi
Published: May 2024

A 47-year-old woman developed severe kidney dysfunction after taking a lipid-lowering supplement, Red Yeast Rice Cholestehelp, for approximately 7 months. The patient developed sudden nausea and had an elevated serum creatinine level of 4.26 mg/dL. A kidney biopsy showed findings consistent with acute tubular necrosis. Kidney dysfunction improved with discontinuation of supplementation, and corticosteroid therapy. Similar kidney involvement has been reported, raising concerns regarding supplements in Japan. An investigation of the nephrotoxic ingredients in the same product batches is currently underway. This report underscores the need for public awareness and warnings of health risk concerns associated with unregulated supplements.
Exploring X: barriers to care for eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: Thanawala Shivani U , Klein Ari , Raval Krish , Amaro Jesus Ivan Flores , Beveridge Claire A , Muir Amanda B , Falk Gary W , Gonzalez-Hernandez Graciela , Lynch Kristle L
Published: May 2024

Patients with chronic diseases have increasingly turned to social media to discuss symptoms and share the challenges they face with disease management. The primary aim of this study is to use naturally occurring data from X (formerly known as Twitter) to identify barriers to care faced by individuals affected by eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). For this qualitative study, the X application programming interface with academic research access was used to search for posts that referenced EoE between 1 January 2019 and 10 August 2022. The posts were identified as being either related to barriers to care for EoE or not. Those related to barriers to care were further categorized by the type of barrier that was expressed. A total of 8636 EoE-related posts were annotated of which 12.1% were related to barriers to care in EoE. The themes that emerged about barriers to care included: dietary challenges, limited treatment options, lack of community support, lack of physician awareness of disease, misinformation, cost of care, lack of patient belief in disease or trust in physician, and limited access to care. Saturation of themes was achieved. This study highlights barriers to care in EoE using readily accessible social media data that is not derived from a curated research setting. Identifying these obstacles is key to improving care for this chronic disease.
Influence of Vitamin D Receptor Signalling and Vitamin D on Colonic Epithelial Cell Fate Decisions in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Kellermann Lauge , Hansen Stine Lind , Maciag Grzegorz , Granau Agnete Marie , Johansen Jens Vilstrup , Teves Joji Marie , Bressan Raul Bardini , Pedersen Marianne Terndrup , Soendergaard Christoffer , Baattrup Astrid Moeller , Hammerhøj Alexander , Riis Lene Buhl , Gubatan John , Jensen Kim Bak , Nielsen Ole Haagen
Published: May 2024

Background and Aims

Epidemiological studies have shown that subnormal levels of vitamin D (25[OH]D) are associated with a more aggravated clinical course of ulcerative colitis [UC]. Despite an increased focus on the therapeutic importance of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor [VDR] signalling, the mechanisms underlying the effects of the vitamin D–VDR axis on UC remain elusive. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether exposure to active vitamin D (1,25[OH]2D3/VDR) signalling in human organoids could influence the maintenance of the colonic epithelium.

Methods

Intestinal VDR expression was studied by immunohistochemistry, RNA expression arrays, and single-cell RNA sequencing of colonic biopsy specimens obtained from patients with UC and healthy individuals. To characterise the functional and transcriptional effects of 1,25[OH]2D3, we used patient-derived colonic organoids. The dependency of VDR was assessed by knocking out the receptor with CRISPR/Cas9.

Results

Our results suggest that 1,25[OH]2D3/VDR stimulation supports differentiation of the colonic epithelium and that impaired 1,25[OH]2D3/VDR signalling thereby may compromise the structure of the intestinal epithelial barrier, leading to flares of UC. Furthermore, a transcriptional response to VDR activity was observed primarily in fully differentiated cells at the top of the colonic crypt, and this response was reduced during flares of UC.

Conclusions

We identified an important role of vitamin D signalling in supporting differentiated cell states in the human colonic epithelium, and thereby maintenance of the intestinal barrier integrity. This makes the vitamin D–VDR signalling axis an interesting target for therapeutic efforts to achieve and maintain remission in patients with UC.
Characteristics of logs with signs of oviposition by the polyphagous xylophage Asian longhorned beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Authors: Turgeon Jean J , Pedlar John H , Fournier Ronald E , Smith Michael T , Orr Mary , Gasman Ben
Published: May 2024

During the eradication program undertaken against Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) in the Greater Toronto Area, information was collected on the numerous signs of injury found on wounded trees. Herein, we used a portion of this information to assess the characteristics of logs with signs of oviposition (i.e., pits). Specifically, we related the basal diameter, type (log bole vs. log branch), height above ground, and branch hierarchy level of logs with pits to tree size (i.e., height and diameter at breast height) and level of infestation intensity. In general, pits were concentrated on logs from the bole and branches that were 8–14 cm in diameter in the lower 8 m of the bole and in the first 2 levels of the branching hierarchy. Oviposition pit location was strongly influenced by tree size—both height and diameter at breast height, with more pits on the lower bole in small trees and then higher on the bole and into the branches as tree size increased. As tree-level infestation intensity increased, pits were found on both larger and smaller diameter portions of the trees, presumably as preferred oviposition sites became saturated. These findings can improve the efficacy of surveillance activities for A. glabripennis.
PARTIALLY REVERSIBLE DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH AMPHOTERICIN B THERAPY
Authors: Mandi O , Silverii M , Fattiroli F , Burgisser C , Valoti P , Orso F , Baldasseroni S , Cappelli F , Contiello C , Lombardo V , Agusto S , D‘Ambrosio G , Ungar A
Published: May 2024

Background

Amphotericin B (AmB) is an antifungal drug commonly used in a broad spectrum of infections, including leishmaniasis. Leishmaniasis, transmitted through insect bites, has cutaneous, mucocutaneous, or visceral (particularly liver and spleen) involvement. The main adverse effects of AmB are cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, often reversible, but with yet unclear pathophysiology. Reversible dilated cardiomyopathy is a rare disease with very few cases described in the literature (less than 10).

The Case

A 41–year–old man with a silent cardiological history (only cocaine and alcohol abuse in past) is admitted for visceral leishmaniasis. Cardiological evaluation: LBBB in ECG (none previous available); no abnormality detected on ECOCG (EF 55%). Ten days after the AmB cycle, onset of worsening dyspnoea needing hospital treatment after a further two weeks for heart failure (HF). At ECOCG severe left ventricular dysfunction (EF 30%), no rise of cardiac enzymes was detected. Coronary angiography showed 50–75% stenosis on RCA and LAD, treated by angioplasty and stenting. Cardiac MRI showed: dilated left ventricle with diffuse biventricular hypokinesis (FE 16% left and 22% right), areas of LGE of non–ischemic appearance. HFrEF GDMTs were prescribed, with progressive clinical improvement over the next four weeks; at cardiac MRI performed one month later, partially recovery of biventricular function (FE sn 41% right 48%) was found. The ECG showed regression of LBBB. No myocardial biopsy was performed, so it is not possible to get to an unequivocal cardiac dysfunction’s cause. However, the time relationship between the use of AmB and the clinical findings evolution, consistently with the few literature available, suggests a probable diagnosis of AmB toxic cardiomyopathy. An ischaemic cause of the dysfunction is unlikely by the MRI feature and by coronary angiography findings. Literature data suggest that the presence of predisposing factors for cardiac dysfunction, rather than the duration of treatment or preparation used, is the most relevant factor in the development of AmB–related cardiomyopathy. It’s important to perform cardiac monitoring in all patients receiving AmB therapy. In all reported cases, cardiac function recovered substantially after cessation of AmB treatment.
ELMO1 ameliorates intestinal epithelial cellular senescence via SIRT1/p65 signaling in inflammatory bowel disease-related fibrosis
Authors: Chen Junguo , Li Guanman , He Xiaowen , Chen Xijie , Chen Zexian , Liu Danling , Guo Shuang , Huang Tianze , Lin Yanyun , Lan Ping , Lian Lei , He Xiaosheng
Published: May 2024

Background

Intestinal fibrosis is a common complication in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which still lacks of reliable markers and therapeutic options. Cellular senescence has been considered an important mechanism of intestinal fibrosis, but the underlying molecular link remains elusive.

Methods

Tissues were stained using α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin, and collagen I as markers of myofibroblastic differentiation. Cellular senescence was confirmed through Lamin B1 staining, senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining, and the expression of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors. We explored the relationship between senescence of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and intestinal fibrosis, as well as the molecular mechanism underlying this interaction. The effects of irisin on cellular senescence and fibrosis were determined.

Results

Here, we identify engulfment and cell motility protein 1 (ELMO1) as a novel biomarker for intestinal cellular senescence and fibrosis. In fibrostrictured tissues from patients and murine models with IBD, significantly high levels of cellular senescence score and factors were noted, which positively correlated with the fibrotic regulator fibronectin. Senescent IECs, not fibroblast itself, released SASP factors to regulate fibroblast activation. Prolonging exposure to severe and persistent injurious stimuli decreased ELMO1 expression, which dampened SIRT1 deacetylase activity, enhanced NF-κB (p65) acetylation, and thereby accelerated cellular senescence. Deletion of ELMO1 led to senescent IECs accumulation and triggered premature fibrosis in murine colitis. Furthermore, irisin, inhibiting the degradation of ELMO1, could downregulate p65 acetylation, reduce IECs senescence, and prevent incipient intestinal fibrosis in murine colitis models.

Conclusions

This study reveals ELMO1 downregulation is an early symbol of intestinal senescence and fibrosis, and the altered ELMO1-SIRT1-p65 pathway plays an important role in intestinal cellular senescence and IBD-related fibrosis.
Breast cancer awareness messages: investigating response among Lebanese women
Authors: El-Khoury Jessica R , Mady Christy
Published: May 2024

While national Lebanese studies done on breast cancer attest to the importance of awareness campaigns none, however, examine the type of content that most effectively reaches women. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to examine, through an experiment, the effectiveness of direct versus indirect messaging, in altering knowledge, risk perception, attitudes, behaviors and self-efficacy among two groups of women, those aged 18–40 and 41–65 years. Findings suggest that the designed breast cancer communication messages were perceived as informative, trustworthy and believable regardless of message type. An interaction effect indicated that the older age group (41+) who were exposed to the indirect message felt more confident in taking proactive measures than the 18- to 40-year-old participants. In addition, those exposed to the indirect message were more likely to behave as communicated than those in the direct message condition. At the very least, the messages, both direct and indirect, helped minimize misconception or correct people’s knowledge about the subject. This shows that participants and by extension people, in general, pay attention to breast cancer awareness messaging. Making these messages available to all age groups and motivating them to take proactive/preventative measures becomes even more significant, especially with the higher incidence of cancer among women aged 18–40 years in Lebanon.
Sleep Posture Influences Metabolic Rate and Vigilance in the Common Whitethroat (Curruca Communis)
Authors: Pastres Maia , Maggini Ivan , Cardinale Massimiliano , Fusani Leonida , Ferretti Andrea
Published: May 2024

Synopsis

Migration is an important life-history strategy that is adopted by a significant proportion of bird species from temperate areas. Birds initiate migration after accumulating considerable energy reserves, primarily in the form of fat and muscle. Sustained exercise, such as during the crossing of ecological barriers, leads to the depletion of energy reservesand increased physiological stress. Stopover sites, where birds rest and restore energy, play a fundamental role in mitigating these challenges. The duration of resting at stopover sites is influenced by environmental and physiological conditions upon arrival, and the amount of body fat reserves plays an important role. While sleep is recognized as essential for all organisms, its importance is accentuated during migration, where energy management becomes a survival constraint. Previous research indicated that individuals with larger fat reserves tend to sleep less and favor an untucked sleep posture, influencing energy recovery and anti-predatory vigilance. We explored the relationship between sleep behavior and posture, metabolic state, and energy conservation strategies during migration in the common whitethroat (Curruca communis). We were able to confirm that sleeping in a tucked position results in metabolic energy savings, at the cost of reduced vigilance. However, whitethroats did not show alterations of their sleep patterns as a response to the amount of stored reserves. This suggests that they may not be taking full advantage of the metabolic gains of sleeping in a tucked posture, at least at this stage of their migratory journey. We suggest that, to achieve optimal fuel accumulation and maximize stopover efficiency, whitethroats prioritize increased foraging over modulating their sleep patterns.
The effect of budesonide-formoterol powder inhalation on cough and lung function following thoracoscopic pulmonary surgery: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sun Jingyao , Hou Zhaoyao , Xia Tian , Liu Chang , Huang Qiangwen , Wei Li
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVES

To explore whether portable budesonide-formoterol powder inhalation can ameliorate cough symptoms and improve pulmonary function recovery in patients who underwent thoracoscopic lung surgery.

METHODS

Clinical data of patients who underwent thoracoscopic pulmonary resection at Henan Provincial People’s Hospital between December 2022 and May 2023 were extracted. To evaluate the impact of continuous post-operative use of portable budesonide-formoterol powder inhalation, patients were divided into two groups: the control group and the case group. Next, we compared the Leicester cough score and pulmonary function indexes of the patients before surgery, one month and six month after the operation.

RESULTS

A total of 188 cases were included, and the baseline demographic characteristics of both groups were well-balanced. The internal consistency of the LCQ-MC scale, as indicated by Cronbach’s α coefficients, were all greater than 0.8, and there was no significant difference in LCQ-MC scores between the two groups before the operation (Z=-1.173, P=0.241). Postoperatively, the LCQ-MC score in the case group was significantly higher than that in the control group (18.66 vs. 16.79, P<0.01), with a notable statistically significant difference in the reduction of LCQ-MC scores between the two groups (1.32 vs. 3.30, P<0.01). Analysis of lung function revealed that patients in the case group exhibited significant improvements in FEV1/FVC, FVC, FEV1, PEF, MMEF75/25, MVV, DLCO and the RV/TLC indexes compared to the control group (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

Portable budesonide-formoterol powder inhalation can alleviate cough symptoms and promote pulmonary function recovery in patients following thoracoscopic lung surgery.
The Locus of Persecution Reconsidered: Risk of Re-Trafficking, Cumulative Harm, and Failure of State Protection
Authors: Grundler Maja
Published: May 2024

Persecution, a core concept of the 1951 Refugee Convention’s definition of ‘refugee’, is generally thought to entail both serious harm and a failure of State protection. The predominant view in refugee law is that the harm a refugee fears will take place within their country of origin. Yet, trafficked persons who fear (transnational) re-trafficking experience harm mainly outside the country of origin. As such, their asylum claims raise difficult doctrinal issues, in particular regarding how the State of origin can be expected to protect against harm taking place outside its territory. This article seeks to answer this question by examining trafficking-based asylum claims from the United Kingdom and Germany and the relationship between future risk, harm, and State protection. It argues that to understand effective State protection against re-trafficking, it is necessary to pay attention to the individual types of harm experienced in the trafficking context and to their sequence. This allows an understanding of persecution as cumulative, with the State of origin’s failure to protect against harm experienced in its territory resulting in additional harm experienced outside the country. This understanding of persecution resolves the doctrinal issues raised by trafficking-based asylum claims and has wider implications for individuals who experience harm in the context of irregular migration.
Invariant Integrals on Coideals and Their Drinfeld Doubles
Authors: De Commer Kenny , Dzokou Talla Joel Right
Published: May 2024

Let $A$ be a CQG Hopf *-algebra, that is, a Hopf *-algebra with a positive invariant state. Given a unital right coideal *-subalgebra $B$ of $A$, we provide conditions for the existence of a relatively invariant integral on the stabilizer coideal $B^{\perp }$ inside the dual discrete multiplier Hopf *-algebra of $A$. Given such a relatively invariant integral, we show how it can be extended to a relatively invariant integral on the Drinfeld double coideal. We moreover show that the representation category of the Drinfeld double coideal has a monoidal structure. As an application, we determine the relatively invariant integral for the Drinfeld double coideal *-algebra ${\mathcal{U}}_{q}(\mathfrak{s}\mathfrak{l}(2,{\mathbb{R}}))$ constructed from the Podleś spheres.
Warming effects on grassland soil microbial communities are amplified in cool months
Authors: Lei Jiesi , Su Yuanlong , Jian Siyang , Guo Xue , Yuan Mengting , Bates Colin T , Shi Zhou Jason , Li Jiabao , Su Yifan , Ning Daliang , Wu Liyou , Zhou Jizhong , Yang Yunfeng
Published: May 2024

Global warming modulates soil respiration (RS) via microbial decomposition, which is seasonally dependent. Yet, the magnitude and direction of this modulation remain unclear, partly owing to the lack of knowledge on how microorganisms respond to seasonal changes. Here, we investigated the temporal dynamics of soil microbial communities over 12 consecutive months under experimental warming in a tallgrass prairie ecosystem. The interplay between warming and time altered (P < 0.05) the taxonomic and functional compositions of microbial communities. During the cool months (January to February and October to December), warming induced a soil microbiome with a higher genomic potential for carbon decomposition, community-level ribosomal RNA operon (rrn) copy numbers, and microbial metabolic quotients, suggesting that warming stimulated fast-growing microorganisms that enhanced carbon decomposition. Modeling analyses further showed that warming reduced the temperature sensitivity of microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) by 28.7% when monthly average temperature was low, resulting in lower microbial CUE and higher heterotrophic respiration (Rh) potentials. Structural equation modeling showed that warming modulated both Rh and RS directly by altering soil temperature and indirectly by influencing microbial community traits, soil moisture, nitrate content, soil pH, and gross primary productivity. The modulation of Rh by warming was more pronounced in cooler months compared to warmer ones. Together, our findings reveal distinct warming-induced effects on microbial functional traits in cool months, challenging the norm of soil sampling only in the peak growing season, and advancing our mechanistic understanding of the seasonal pattern of RS and Rh sensitivity to warming.
From Second-Hand to Third-Hand: Reuse and Resale Cycle
Authors: Huang Feifei , Wong Vincent Chi
Published: May 2024

The promotion of reuse and resale has been receiving extensive attention worldwide for the sake of sustainability. The current research provides insights into this area and identifies a “reuse and resale cycle,” whereby consumers are more willing to resell products they originally obtained second hand, compared to products they obtained brand new. One potential mechanism that accounts for this effect is the relatively weak connection consumers form with the second-hand items they own. Six studies confirmed this effect across various product categories. Study 1 tracked consumers’ actual resale of the possessions they owned in real life. Subsequent studies provided further empirical evidence for the proposed effect, uncovered the underlying mechanism concerning the strength of the connection with the product, and showed that the effect diminished among consumers who chronically have a high tendency to link themselves with their possessions. This research advances the understanding of resale behaviors. It has implications for consumers to avoid retaining excessive possessions and for the second-hand market to develop in a healthy manner, eventually contributing to society’s sustainability in the long run.
Proactive resistance management for sustaining the efficacy of RNA interference for pest control
Authors: Gao Yulin , Alyokhin Andrei , Zhang Runzhi , Smagghe Guy , Palli Subba Reddy , Jurat-Fuentes Juan Luis , Tabashnik Bruce E
Published: May 2024

Biopesticides based on RNA interference (RNAi) took a major step forward with the first registration of a sprayable RNAi product, which targets the world’s most damaging potato pest. Proactive resistance management is needed to delay the evolution of resistance by pests and sustain the efficacy of RNAi biopesticides.