bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERGESERAN NEGARA HUKUM KE ‘NEGARA HIMBAUAN’: MENAKAR DAMPAK REGULASI PENANGANAN COVID-19 TERHADAP PEREKONOMIAN DAN KEUANGAN INDONESIA
Authors: Rissy Yafet Y W
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article discusses the shifting phenomenon from rule of law to ‘rule of persuasion’ by analysing regulations concerning Covid-19 mitigation through large-scale social restrictions (PSBB) and their impact on Indonesian economy and financial sector. Analysis of PSBB regulations shows that the regulations do not have criminal and law enforcement provisions that could lead legal uncertainty. PSBB regulations are simply a persuasion model. This has led to the shifting from rule of law to ‘law rule of persuasion’. As a result, on one hand, law enforcement related to PSBB regulations would not be effective and could make the Covid-19 pandemic prolonged, and on the other hand, legal uncertainty itself as well as the Covid-19 pandemic would have serious implications for Indonesian economy and financial sector. It is recommended that in the future, any regulations, especially at the level of statutes (acts), should seriously consider the establishment of legal certainty through criminal provisions and law enforcement and anticipate properly the impact such regulations and Covid-19 on Indonesian economy and financial sector.Keywords: legal uncertainty; rule of law; ‘rule of persuasion’AbstrakArtikel ini membahas fenomena pergeseran negara ke ‘negara himbauan’ dengan melakukan analisis terhadap regulasi terkait penangangan Covid-19 melalui pembatasan sosial berskala besar (PSBB) dan dampaknya terhadap keuangan dan perekonomian Indonesia. Analisis terhadap regulasi PSBB menunjukan bahwa regulasi tidak memiliki ketentuan pidana dan aspek penegakan hukumnya yang dapat menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum. Regulasi PSBB sekedar merupakan model himbauan yang telah menegaskan adanya fenomena pergeseran dari negara hukum ke ‘negara himbauan’. Akibatnya, di satu sisi, penegakan hukum terhadap regulasi PSBB tidak akan berjalan efektif dan bisa membuat pandemi Covid-19 berkepanjangan, dan di sisi lainnya, ketidakpastian hukum sebagaimana juga pandemic Covid-19 akan memiliki implikasi serius bagi perekonomian dan keuangan Indonesia. Direkomendasikan agar kedepannya, regulasi apapun, utamanya di tingkat undang-undang, harus secara sungguh memperhatikan aspek kepastian hukum melalui pengaturan dalam ketentuan pidana dan penegakan hukumnya dan mengantisipasi secara tepat dampak regulasi dan Covid-19 bagi perekonomian dan keuangan Indonesia. Kata kunci: ketidakpastian hukum; negara hukum; ‘negara himbauan’
Design-Based Covariate Adjustments in Paired Experiments
Authors: Wu Edward , Gagnon-Bartsch Johann A.
Published: July 2020

In paired experiments, participants are grouped into pairs with similar characteristics, and one observation from each pair is randomly assigned to treatment. The resulting treatment and control groups should be well-balanced; however, there may still be small chance imbalances. Building on work for completely randomized experiments, we propose a design-based method to adjust for covariate imbalances in paired experiments. We leave out each pair and impute its potential outcomes using any prediction algorithm such as lasso or random forests. This method addresses a unique trade-off that exists for paired experiments. By addressing this trade-off, the method has the potential to improve precision over existing methods.
FREDERIC-BACK PARK, MONTREAL, CANADA: HOW 40 MILLION TONNES OF SOLID WASTE SUPPORT A PUBLIC PARK
Authors: Héroux Martin , Martin Diane
Published: July 2020

The City of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, took over the management, in 1988, of a former limestone quarry that was also used as landfill site. The surrounding population of this site was exposed to many nuisances related to the rock extraction and transformation and to the landfilling activities. So, the main goal of the city was to rehabilitate this degraded site, build a public park and give it back to the population. The site’s total area covers 192 ha. From this surface, 72 ha were devoted to the landfill. Over the years, 40 million tons of municipal solid waste have been landfilled. Building a park on such a large site that still produces landfill gas and leachate involves several major challenges. The priority was first to control the landfill gas and the leachate to minimize environmental risks and impacts. In parallel, a process involving design workshops, research, testing, brainstorming and topographical models was launched in order to develop the Master Plan for the park construction. The Master Plan provides the framework for teams working on the project, sets the guidelines for the site’s rehabilitation and phase-by-phase transformation based on the principles of sustainable development. The park construction was initiated in the mid nineties. Nowadays, 48 hectares are already open to the population. The Park will be finalized around 2026 and will then be completely accessible to the public. This is the result of a close collaboration between the Department of Parks and the Department of Environment of the City of Montreal.
Kontribusi Pendidikan Kristen Bagi Pembentukan Rohani Dan Perilaku Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Harefa Desy
Published: July 2020

AbstrakPenulisan artikel ini berangkat dari masalah-masalah yang sering terlihat dalam masyarakat sekitarkita saat ini, dimana anak-anak usia dini khususnya mereka yang telah duduk di bangku SekolahTaman Kanak-kanak, banyak terabaikan oleh para pendidik Kristen, sehingga kerohanian anakbelum terbentuk sejak kecil. Atau sering kita melihat bagaimana guru-guru agama Kristen tidakdengan sungguh-sungguh melakukan tugasnya, dengan alasan bahwa anak usia dini masih belumtahu dan mengerti apa-apa. Sehubungan dengan itu maka dalam pembahasan penulisan artikel inipenulis merumuskan permasalahannya yaitu pertama bagaimana Sekolah Taman Kanak-kanaksebagai lembaga pendidikan formal tingkat pertama memberi perhatian terhadap pembelajaranpendidikan Kristen sebagai dasar pembentuk rohani dan prilaku anak usia dini. Kedua, apa danbagaimana kontribusi Pendidikan dan para pendidik Kristen terhadap pembentukan rohani danprilaku anak usia dini. Setelah semuanya di analisa maka akhirnya bisa penulis simpulkan bahwapendidikan agama Kristen di sekolah mempunyai kontribusi yang besar bagi usaha pembentukanrohani dan prilaku anak usia dini.
"Media Sosial Instagram Sebagai Media Dakwah di Masa Pandemi"
Authors: Sidiq Muhammad
Published: July 2020

Artikel ini membahas tentang penggunaan media social instagram sebagai sarana untuk berdakwah. Melihat media adalah alat untuk menyalurkan komunikasi kepada orang lain. Sedangkan dakwah adalah mengajak orang lain menuju kebaikan. Jika disimpulkan media dakwah yaitu alat untuk mengajak orang lain ke jalan yang lebih baik. Media Instagram adalah media yang sangat menarik untuk dijadikan media dakwah. Mengingat dakwah bisa menggunakan gambar dan audio visual, akan tetapi dalam memilih pesan para pengguna harus pandai pandai memilah mana akun yang bisa diikuti untuk menambah keimanan melalui media instagram dimasa pandemi ini.
Religion and Politics as a Dangerous Mix: Effects of Religiosity on Intergroup Forgiveness and Reconciliation in a Post-Conflict Setting
Authors: Odak Stipe , Cehajic-Clancy Sabina
Published: July 2020

Based on two studies with Bosniak and Croatian students in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the paper analyzes the effects of religiosity on intergroup forgiveness and reconciliation. Both Christianity and Islam advance forgiveness and reconciliation as one of the major moral imperatives. Previous studies also indicate that religiosity can increase readiness to grant forgiveness on the inter-personal level and facilitate rapprochement. When it comes to inter-group level, prescripts of religious piety often conflict with norms of group solidarity and care. Another set of research suggests that religion obstructs conflict transformation due to the dogmatic reasoning it promotes, including reframing of immanent disputes in transcendental (and thus non-negotiable) terms. This study initially tested whether adding religious symbols to conflict narratives impacts prosocial attitudes of respondents and came with negative results. In other words, adding religious codes to already known narratives about conflicts did not have a significant impact on participants’ attitudes. In a subsequent SEM analysis, it was found that religiosity in both groups is strongly correlated with group-centricity, which negatively mediates its relationship with both forgiveness and reconciliation. We conclude that collectivistic forms of religiosity that privilege ingroup solidarity might have negative effects on forgiveness and reconciliation in post-conflict settings.
Self-compassion buffers the adverse mental health impacts of COVID-19-related threats: Results from a cross-sectional survey at the first peak of Hong Kong’s outbreak
Authors: Lau Bobo Hi Po , Chan Cecilia Lai-Wan , Ng Siu-Man
Published: July 2020

COVID-19 has brought tremendous and abrupt threats to various aspects of our daily lives, from school and work to interpersonal relationships. Self-compassion is put forth as a salutogenic perspective on oneself that buffers the adverse mental health impacts of these threats. During the peak of a local outbreak in Hong Kong in Spring 2020, 761 participants completed questionnaires on self-compassion, perceived threats, as well as perceived benefits and psychological distress. Controlling for demographic variables, negative indicators of self-compassion (aka self-coldness) was found to intensify the impacts of threats on psychological distress. The positive indicators of self-compassion also moderated the link between threats and perceived benefits, such that perceived benefits tend to be less related to threats in participants with higher self-compassion. Our findings highlight the impacts of both positive and negative indicators of self-compassion on the adjustment to such unprecedented challenges, and point to the possibility of enhancing people’s resilience through fostering self-compassion and alleviating self-coldness.
Race-Status Associations: Distinct Effects of Three Novel Measures Among White and Black Perceivers
Authors: Dupree Cydney H. , Torrez Brittany , Obioha Obianuju , Fiske Susan
Published: July 2020

Race is fraught with meaning, but unequal status is central. Race-status associations (RSAs) link White Americans with high status and Black Americans with low status. RSAs could occur via observation of racially distributed jobs, perceived status-related stereotypic attributes, or simple ranking. Nine samples (N = 3,933) validate three novel measures of White=high status/Black=low status RSAs—based on jobs, rank, and attributes. First, RSA measures showed clear factor structure, internal validity, and test-retest reliability. Second, these measures differentially corresponded to White Americans’ hierarchy-maintaining attitudes, beliefs, and preferences. Potentially based on observation, the more spontaneous Job-based RSAs predicted interracial bias, social dominance orientation, meritocracy beliefs, and hierarchy-maintaining hiring or policy preferences. Preference effects held after controlling for bias and support for the status quo. In contrast, the more deliberate Rank- and Attribute-based RSAs negatively predicted hierarchy-maintaining beliefs and policy preferences; direct inferences of racial inequality linked to preferences for undoing it. Third, Black=low status, rather than White=high status, associations largely drove these effects. Finally, Black Americans also held RSAs; Rank- or Attribute-based RSAs predicted increased perceived discrimination, reduced social dominance, and reduced meritocracy beliefs. Although individuals’ RSAs vary, only White Americans’ Job- based stratifying associations help maintain racial status hierarchies. Theory-guided evidence of race-status associations introduces powerful new assessment tools.
Modern treaty making and the limits of the law
Authors: Hobbs Harry , Young Stephen
Published: July 2020

In recent years, several Australian states have formally committed to treaty negotiations with the First Peoples whose traditional lands they claim. The emerging treaty processes in Australia build on both the comprehensive land claim agreements currently under negotiation in Canada as well as the historic treaties struck between First Peoples and colonial powers in North America and Aotearoa / New Zealand. Parties engaged in these negotiations appropriately view treaties as mechanisms through which First Peoples and non-Indigenous political communities can settle ongoing tensions surrounding political autonomy, citizenship, and pluralism. However, it is not clear whether these processes can produce such outcomes. In this article, we contend that, although fairer processes of negotiation may avoid some of the problems of historic treaties, modern treaty making in Canada, Australia, and elsewhere will fail to meet the parties’ aspirations unless greater attention is paid to building relational characteristics. We do so by outlining the promises and perils in modern treaty making with an eye toward understanding the limits of the law.
THE PROCESS OF SEDIMENTATION OF SOLID PARTICLES OF THE GRINDING SLUDGE
Authors: Tatiana Nadryhailo  , Viktor Vernyhora  , Angelika Kosenko
Published: July 2020

Thousands of tons of grinding slimes are formed every month at the mechanical engineering enterprises (especially at bearing plants) and metallurgy ones, which are processing metals. Slimes are practically not processed at present, but exported to special landfills or dumps, worsening the environment. Slimes of abrasive metal processing can be a raw material base for powder metallurgy, as they contain 60-80% of metal particles. It is necessary to carry out the solid particles separation by density process at the slimes washing stage to increase the homogeneity of metal powder, which is extracted from grinding slimes of abrasive metal processing. The fluid flow consumption through the vertical nozzles, which allow keeping solid particles in a suspended state, is determined in this work on the basis of theoretical studies of the solid particles deposition process of grinding slimes.
Pemakaian Bentuk Ringkas dalam Wacana Jual Beli
Authors: Sabardila Atiqa , Kusmanto Hari , Hidayah Irfan
Published: July 2020

The meeting of people from different linguistic backgrounds in a speech event can bring up unique language variations because at least two different languages are involved. This study aims to identify the use of concise forms in the discourse of buying and selling shoes and cloth in Pasar Benteng, Surakarta City. The data in this study are in the form of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. The data source is the speech of shoes and fabric traders at Pasar Benteng. The data collection used is the method of listening or listening with advanced techniques in the form of a competent free trial (TSBLC). The methods are used to analyze the data in this study are (1) mark-reading method; (2) referential methods; (3) pragmatic method; (4) extending techniques; and (5) insert technique. The results show that there were three concise forms in the discourse of buying and selling shoes and cloth in Benteng Market, namely: (1) the concise form in the form of words (a) by obscuring phonemes, (b) by melting syllables; (2) the concise form in the form of clause; and (3) the concise form of sentence. This shows the use of language in the discourse of buying and selling by using a variety of non-formal languages. The use of the concise form is a convention between traders and buyers.
Formulasi Romance dalam Beauty Case Karya Icha Rahmanti: Kajian Sastra Feminis
Authors: Intan Tania , Handayani Vincentia Tri Handayani Tri
Published: July 2020

This study aims to reveal the formulation of romance in chick lit Beauty Case (2005), the second work of Icha Rahmanti after Cintapuccino (2004). The methodological approach used is the study of feminist literature and structural analysis methods. Because chick lit always discusses women, the theoretical foundation of this research must be linked to women's perspectives, includes the ideas of Radway, Modlesky, Gill and Herdierckerhoff who were used to explore the narrative aspects of romance formulation, which included plots, characterization, and point of view. The results show that (1) although chick lit is a romance subgenre, the novel Beauty Case storyline does not follow the normative narrative standard of romance because there are changing plots. However, the end of the novel follows the romance formulation, which ends happily; (2) the main female figure in the novel does not really make a search for true love, but rather searches for identity. In addition, the portrayal of male characters also does not follow the formulation of romance that has exemplary characters; (3) the storyteller in this novel is the first single person, the main female figure, with an intimate, subjective, and limited nature of storytelling, according to the formulation of romance.
Role Playing Learning Method in The Subject of Aqidah Akhlak at Madrasa
Authors: Mansir Firman , Tumin Tumin , Purnomo Halim
Published: July 2020

This research describes and discusses about the importance of using role-playing method in Aqidah Akhlak at Madrasa. Professional teachers are those who are able to lead students to achieve maximum outcomes. This research aims to realize the learning of Aqidah Akhlak  that is appropriate to the current context. Thus, teachers are required to use brilliant and different methods from the others. Aqidah Akhlak subject requires an effective method because Aqidah Akhlak has different characteristics from other subjects. That is why 21st century PAI (Islamic education) teachers need to be creative by utilizing a variety of learning methods. An effective method for Aqidah Akhlak subjects is role playing. The skills of a PAI teacher are expected to emerge from the role playing method in the Aqidah Akhlak learning process. The strategy and method of role playing are one of the components contained in the learning system. The components are capable of delivering effective and dynamic learning processes. Therefore, from various learning methods used by PAI teachers, role playing one is considered effective to make directed, capable, and effective learning based on learning goals.
Morphology and linear order of attributive adjectives in the history of the Russian language
Authors: Kuryanova Olga V.
Published: July 2020

The paper discusses ordering of attributive adjectives, which have differences in their derivational and inflectional morphology. A corpus-driven study is presented: the complex corpus, consisting of Old Church Slavonic and Old Russian texts from 11 to 17 centuries was used. Quantitative analysis shows the different ordering tendencies for attributive adjectives with different suffixes.
Frequently used medicinal herbs and spices in weight management: a review
Authors: Boaz Mona , Kaufman-Shriqui Vered , Sherf-Dagan Shiri , Salem Hagit , Abigail Navarro Daniela
Published: July 2020

Background: Obesity rates have increased globally during the last half, and with it there has been increased interest in herbs and dietary supplements for weight managementObjectives: The purpose of the present review is to examine evidence for the efficacy and safety of herbal preparations including cinnamon, capsaicin, black pepper, and curcumin, which are popularly used for weight reduction.Methods: A list of herbs and dietary supplements frequently used in weight management was developed by reviewing both scientific and popular literature. Included herbs/supplements were evaluated in terms of pre-clinical and clinical studies.Results: Included in the review were cinnamon, capsaicin, black pepper and curcumin. For all of the included herbs, proof of concept could be demonstrated. Few well-designed, adequately powered clinical trials were available but those that were suggested efficacy.Conclusions: While underlying metabolic/physiological mechanisms have been identified in pre-clinical studies, human studies of efficacy are sparse. An indication towards efficacy in humans exists for all of these products; however, treatment guidelines cannot be developed until better-quality randomized clinical trials can provide clear findings.Keywords: Cinnamon; Capsaicin; Black Pepper; Curcumin; Weight Management
Condicionantes sociológicos de la religiosidad de los jóvenes (II)
Authors: López García Julián
Published: July 2020

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Pressure Wave Caused by Trinitrotoluene Underwater Explosion
Authors: Kiciński Radosław
Published: July 2020

The development of computational techniques and computer hardware has an impact the analysis of short-term (fast-changing) processes, such as the impact of a non-contact underwater explosion pressure waves. A theory of underwater explosions, gas bubble formation and pressure waves are presented. The course of the pressure wave in time, and its propagation in the acoustic medium are presented. Entry presents empirical descriptions of non-contact pressure explosion waves. 
Essential Trace Elements
Authors: Zavattari Patrizia , Loi Eleonora , Serra Matteo , Valera Paolo , Cannas Daniela , firinu davide
Published: July 2020

Trace elements produce double-edged effects on the lives of animals and particularly of humans. On one hand, these elements represent potentially toxic agents; on the other hand, they are essentially needed to support growth and development and confer protection against disease. The amount taken up and the accumulation in human tissues decisively control whether the exerted effects are toxic or beneficial. This entry provides a brief description of some toxic, likely essential and essential elements and their influence on human health.
Effects of Temperature Variability and Warming on the Timing of Snowmelt Events in Southern Finland during the Past 100 Years
Authors: Irannezhad Masoud
Published: July 2020

This study analyses the first and last days of snowmelt events and the number of days (duration) between those throughout a water year (September-August). The snowmelt duration (SD) as well as its first (SFD) and last (SLD) days were estimated using daily precipitation and temperature measurements at the Kaisaniemi meteorological station in southern Finland during 1909-2008 as input datasets to a temperature-index snowmelt model. As snowmelt is a sensitive hydrological variable to temperature, this study also evaluated historical variations and trends in November-May (SDt), November-January (SFDt), and March-May (SLDt) temperatures corresponding to SD, SFD, and SLD at Kaisaniemi. The trends in all these parameters as well as their correlations with the well-known climate teleconnections over Finland were investigated. Long-term average values indicated the longest SD was about 131 days between 15 December and 25 April at Kaisaniemi. The SD significantly (p<0.05) shortened by 0.37 (days/year) at Kaisaniemi during 1909-2008 mainly due to the earlier (0.32 days/year) SLD. Such trends in SD and SLD were principally associated with century-long significant warming trends (0.02 °C/year) in both SDt and SLDt. The Arctic Oscillation (AO) was the most influential climate teleconnection for historical variations in SD, SLD, SDt, SFDt, and SLDt at Kaisaniemi.
Praxishandbuch Krankenhausfinanzierung
Authors: Behrends Behrend , Vollmöller Thomas
Published: July 2020

Durch die Reformgesetze der letzten Jahre, zuletzt das Pflegepersonal-Stärkungsgesetz, hat die Krankenhausfinanzierung einen Komplexitätsgrad erreicht, der nur noch von Experten beherrschbar ist. Zudem sind immer mehr Vereinbarungen der Selbstverwaltung und Richtlinien des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses zu beachten. Zu den bekannten Dauerproblemen, wie der Finanzierung von Zentren und Schwerpunkten sowie dem Fixkostendegressionsabschlag bei Mehrleistungen, treten weitere Rechtsfragen aus dem Bereich der Qualitätssicherung (z.B. Mindestmengen) und insbesondere der Personalausstattung (Pflegepersonaluntergrenzen sowie Pflegebudget). Des Weiteren bestimmen sich die Budgets der Einrichtungen für Psychiatrie und Psychosomatik ab 2020 nach den neuen Regelungen des PEPP-Systems.

Die 3., erweiterte und vollständig aktualisierte Auflage vermittelt diese Wissens- und Handlungsfelder mit den praktischen Auswirkungen ausführlich und unter Berücksichtigung der aktuellen Rechtsprechung und Literatur.
The Role of Government Support and User Innovativeness to Entrepreneurs (Case study of SME’s in Depok, Indonesia)
Authors: Pratama Sasotya , Afriza Eka Sri Dana , Nelloh Liza Agustina Maureen
Published: July 2020

This study aims to examine the influence of external and internal factors, in this case government support and owner-manager innovation, on the attitude of owner-managers of MSMEs towards FINTECH. This study uses the Structural Equation Modeling - Partial Least Square approach using SmartPLS version 3.2.4 to examine the research hypotheses. The respondents of this study were 64 MSME owner-managers in Depok, West Java. The study indicates that government support and owner-manager innovation have a significant and positive influence on their attitudes towards FINTECH. The imperative results of this study recommend FINTECH business owners to support government activities in inspiring and motivating MSME business owners in Depok to continue developing personal creativities that represent the innovations of each owner-manager of MSME.
Konsep Pendidikan Islam: Adab Guru-Pelajar
Authors: Sulaiman @ Mohamad Adibah , Mohd Nizah Mohd Azmir , Norawavi Ahmad Norsyafwan
Published: July 2020

Dalam korpus pengajian Islam, pendidikan adab sangat dititikberatkan oleh para sarjananya. Bagaimanapun, perubahan teknologi yang pantas telah membawa satu dimensi baru kepada proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran (PdP). Pembelajaran interaktif berasaskan multimedia atau pelbagai aplikasi dilihat sebagai sebahagian daripada strategi PdP dan mendapat perhatian golongan akademik di Malaysia termasuklah mereka yang berada dalam bidang pengajian Islam. Disiplin pengajian Islam yang memberi penekanan yang sangat besar kepada aspek adab dalam PdP mewujudkan jurang antara pendekatan konvensional dan tuntutan teknologi semasa. Oleh itu, kajian ini bermatlamat untuk membincangkan konsep adab menurut perspektif Islam. Objektif kajian juga untuk meneliti aspek adab guru-pelajar dalam pelaksanaan PdP. Kajian ini menggunakan metodologi pendekatan teks deduktif. Dapatan menunjukkan penghayatan konsep adab dalam proses PdP Islam tidak hanya terhad kepada golongan pelajar tetapi juga mencakupi adab guru kerana adab mempunyai kedudukan yang tersendiri dalam Islam.

Abstract: In the Islamic studies corpus, adab (Islamic ethics) is very much emphasized by various scholars. However, due to ever changing technologies, the teaching and learning process is also evolved accordingly. Multimedia-based or multi-application interactive learning as part of teaching and learning strategies has acquired scholarly attention specifically in Malaysia. This situation has created a divide between conventional Islamic corpus approach and the current demand. Therefore, this study aims to discuss the concept of adab according to Islamic perspective. The objective of the study is also to examine the aspects of teacher-student adab in the implementation of teaching and learning. Using a sequential mixed methodology design with the deductive textual approach, and expert interview sessions, and a survey using a self develop questionnaire with purposive sampling technique. This study used a methodology of deductive text approach. The findings show that the concept of manners in the Islamic PdP process is not limited to the students but also includes the adab teachers because manners have a distinctive position in Islam.
Implikasi Kemasukan Pekerja Asing Di Malaysia: Suatu Tinjauan Awal
Authors: Hamzah Intan Suria , Daud Sity
Published: July 2020

Malaysia experienced a number of the entry of foreigners in the world, mainly as low-skilled workers. Malaysia has been experiencing shortage of workers in main sectors such as construction, agriculture, industrial and service. Foreign workers are workers came from other countries who come to work in Malaysia for a certain period, they are also known as economic’s workers. The study found that foreign workers give benefits for country development process in variuos sectors but with their numbers growing and reaching millions of peoples were disturbing economy and local communities.Keywords: Foreign worker, demand, economy, PATI, crime, security

Abstrak: Malaysia mengalami jumlah kemasukan warga asing yang besar di dunia, terutamanya sebagai buruh berkemahiran rendah. Malaysia telah mengalami masalah kekurangan buruh dalam sektor-sektor utama negara seperti pembinaan, perladangan, perindustrian dan perkhidmatan. Pekerja asing atau buruh asing merupakan pekerja yang berasal dari negara luar yang datang bekerja di Malaysia bagi sesuatu tempoh tertentu, ianya juga dikenali sebagai buruh ekonomi. Hasil kajian, mendapati pekerja asing telah membawa manfaat dalam proses pembangunan negara Malaysia dalam pelbagai sektor namun begitu dengan jumlah mereka yang semakin meningkat dan mencecah jutaan orang telah mengganggu-gugat ekonomi dan masyarakat tempatan.Kata kunci: Pekerja asing, permintaan, ekonomi, PATI, jenayah, keselamatan.
Faktor-faktor Kejayaan Qari Negeri Terengganu dalam Kesenian Lagu Al-Quran
Authors: Omar Najmiah , Ismail Fatimah Zaharah , Abdul Rahman Tasnim , Nik Azman Nik NorAzeah
Published: July 2020

Tarannum is one of the high value heritage of human civilization. This paper examines the success factors of the reciter (qari) in the state of Terengganu between 1960 and 2013. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 11 individuals and analyzed qualitatively. The study found that seven factors that bring success such as exposure from an early stage, motivation, talent, voice and interest to learn the tarannum, learn from the experts, have learning strategies effectively, learn rhythm tarannum of Egyptian qari and voice control and attention toward aspects of ikhtilal al-lahn, burda and wuslah. Qari internal aspects and the environmental aspect also plays an important role in the success of the reciter. The implications of this study is further discuss.

Keyword: Tarannum; Islamic civilization; arts; Qari; Terengganu.

ABSTRAK: Kesenian lagu al-Quran atau ilmu tarannum merupakan salah satu warisan peradaban manusia yang mempunyai nilai yang tinggi. Kertas kerja ini mengkaji faktor-faktor kejayaan qari di negeri Terengganu antara tahun 1960 hingga 2013. Data dikumpulkan melalui kaedah temubual semi-struktur terhadap 11 orang qari dan dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil kajian mendapati tujuh faktor yang membawa kejayaan qari seperti pendedahan dari peringkat awal, mempunyai motivasi, bakat, suara dan minat untuk mempelajari tarannum, belajar dari guru yang pakar, mempunyai strategi belajar yang berkesan, mempelajari rentak tarannum daripada qari Mesir dan penguasaan suara serta penjagaan aspek ikhtilal al-lahn, burdah dan wuslah. Aspek dalaman qari dan aspek luaran iaitu persekitaran memainkan peranan penting dalam memberi kejayaan kepada qari-qari dari negeri Terengganu. Implikasi kajian ini boleh diterapkan sebagai faktor pendorong kepada generasi baru untuk turut melakar kejayaan dalam ilmu tarannum al-Quran.

Kata kunci: Tarannum; Peradaban Islam; Kesenian; Qari; Terengganu.
Syarat-Syarat Maslahah Al-Mursalah Teras Perseimbangan Ketamadunan Masyarakat Malaysia
Authors: Husain Mohd Huefiros Efizi , Abd Majid Mohd Nasir , Abdul Rab Muneer Ali
Published: July 2020

Maslahah al-Mursalah a source of law agreed upon by the majority of jurists on emerging issues and there is no evidence explaining firm determination. It is seen able to answer all the problems to ensure the well-being of people in this world. Maslahah al-Mursalah present celebrated the requirements dismissed all accusations against Islam, whereas a negative, while Islam is way of life and Islam is first class. But it is certain conditions in categorizing Maslahah al-Mursalah not to exceed the principles that have been outlined. Thus, the objective of this study will identify the conditions Maslahah al-Mursalah as a source of law after the main texts. The importance of this study discusses how these requirements can be backed up to the construction of a civilized society in the context of the balance. This study used qualitative methods to achieve the objectives of the study involving literature methods. The study found that the conditions Maslahah al-Mursalah relevant to be applied in the evaluation and practice in all aspects except that it has a clear legal and argument of the Quran, Sunnah and al-ijma’.

Keywords: Requirements Maslahah al-Mursalah, balanced, civilization, society Malaysia.

ABSTRAK: Maslahah al-Mursalah merupakan sumber hukum yang disepakati oleh jumhur fuqaha’ ke atas permasalahan yang baharu muncul dan tiada nas yang teguh menjelaskan penetapannya. Bertitik tolak dari kepentingan membawa kemanfaatan dan menolak segala kemudharatan, ia dilihat mampu menjawab segala permasalahan demi menjamin kesejahteraan ummat di dunia dan akhirat mengikut acuan pensyariatan Islam. Maslahah al-Mursalah hadir meraikan keperluan dalam menepis segala tohmahan negatif terhadap Islam seperti Islam agama yang jumud, Islam hanya dianuti oleh bangsa tertentu dan terkebelakang dari mengikuti arus perdana walhal Islam is way of life dan Islam is first class. Namun ada syarat-syarat tertentu dalam mengkategorikan Maslahah al-Mursalah agar tidak melampaui prinsip yang telah digariskan. Justeru, objektif kajian ini akan mengenalpasti syarat-syarat Maslahah al-Mursalah sebagai sumber hukum selepas nas-nas utama. Kepentingan kajian ini membincangkan sejauhmana syarat-syarat tersebut mampu disandarkan kepada pembinaan masyarakat Malaysia yang bertamadun dalam konteks keseimbangan. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif untuk mencapai objektif kajian dengan melibatkan kaedah kepustakaan. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa syarat-syarat Maslahah al-Mursalah relevan untuk diaplikasikan di dalam penilaian dan pengamalan di Malaysia dari segenap aspek kecuali yang telah jelas hukum dan dalilnya daripada al-Quran, as-Sunnah dan al-Ijma’.

Kata kunci: Syarat-syarat Maslahah al-Mursalah, Penseimbangan, Ketamadunan, Masyarakat Malaysia
Kepelbagaian Dan Kesepaduan Etnik Di Malaysia Menurut Islam
Authors: Mohamad Rohana Noor Aziera , P.Rameli Mohd Faizal , Nordin Rawi , Hashim Siti Nurul Izza
Published: July 2020

This study discusses the existence of various ethnic groups in Malaysia based on the country's history. The ethnic diversity is a proof of the greatness of Allah SWT. Therefore, various efforts have to conduct sensibly to achieve the goals and the secret behind the creation of human beings, without distinction of race, religion and countries around the world including Malaysia. The objective of this study is to describe some of the verses of Surah al-Hujuraat about the reality and the reasons behind the creation of ethnic diversity. The study also aims to examine the determinants of ethnic diversity that existed in Malaysia based on historical and current realities. This study uses library research methodology through document analysis method. The results showed that the greatness of Allah SWT in creation of multi-ethnic as stated in Surah al-Hujuraat, can be seen all over the world including in Malaysia. In fact, the diversity of which contains a lot of disagreement can cause the delirium in any country. However, a prudent approach as the implementation of integration without sacrificing any of the races in Malaysia allows the country to maintain its prosperity and development altogether with this diversity.

Keywords: ethnic diversity, Malaysia, unity, Islam.

ABSTRAK: Kajian ini membincangkan tentang asas kewujudan pelbagai etnik di Malaysia berasaskan sejarah pembentukan negara Malaysia. Kepelbagaian etnik merupakan satu bukti keagungan Allah SWT. Justeru itu, bagi mencapai matlamat dan hikmah penciptaan tersebut, pelbagai inisiatif dan langkah konstruktif perlu dilaksanakan secara bijaksana di pelbagai peringkat sama ada individu, masyarakat apatah lagi pemerintah berpandukan maksud tersirat di sebalik firman Allah SWT tersebut. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk menghuraikan beberapa ayat dari Surah al-Hujuraat mengenai hikmah kerencaman etnik yang wujud dengan melihat faktor pembentukan pelbagai etnik di Malaysia dari sudut sejarahnya dan korelasinya dengan realiti semasa dalam rangka membentuk keharmonian etnik. Metodologi kajian yang digunakan ialah kajian kepustakaan menerusi kaedah analisis dokumen. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa keagungan Allah SWT dalam penciptaan etnik yang pelbagai sebagaimana yang dinyatakan dalam Surah al-Hujuraat, dapat dilihat di seluruh dunia termasuklah di Malaysia. Hakikatnya, kerencaman dan kepelbagaian yang wujud menimbulkan keragaman yang berbeza dan boleh menimbulkan kecelaruan dalam sesebuah negara. Namun demikian, pendekatan yang bijaksana dan bersifat inklusif tanpa mengetepikan mana-mana kaum di Malaysia membolehkan negara ini kekal harmoni dan membangun dengan kepelbagaian yang ada.

Kata kunci: Kepelbagaian etnik, Malaysia, perpaduan, Islam.
Islah Sebagai Pendekatan Pembangunan Masyarakat: Kajian Terhadap Pemikiran Muhammad Rashid Rida
Authors: Mohamed Norahida , Mat@Mohamad Mohamad Zaidin
Published: July 2020

This paper discussed the Muhammad Rashid Rida’s Islah thought in developing the Muslims community. The objective of this paper is to identify the concept of ‘Islah’ according to Islamic perspective generally based on his based on his Islamic, realistic and futuristic thought. This paper generally explains the concept of ‘Islah’ based on Islamic perspective, background and Muhammad Rashid Rida’s thought on the weakness factors in Muslim society as an approach to overcome the problem faced by Muslim. This study on Muhammad Rashid Rida is important to see the suitability the concept of ‘Islah’ as an approach in developing the Muslim community based on the reality of ummah nowadays.This study using qualitative approach through content analysis to examine and analyze data from primary and secondary sources. The data collected from various sources will be filtered and sorted before analyzed by using the deductive method. The paper found that the concept of reformation brought by this scholar in solving the problems faced by Muslim is relevant to the situation today. This study also found that all parties including the government, citizens, and intellectuals should play a significant role in solving the problems facing by the Muslims.

Keywords: Islah; society; thought; development

ABSTRAK: Makalah ini mengupas tentang pemikiran islah Muhammad Rashid Rida dalam membangunkan masyarakat Islam. Objektif makalah ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti konsep islah menurut persektif Islam secara umum huraian konsep tersebut berdasarkan pemikiran beliau yang islamik, realistik dan futuristik. Makalah ini secara umumnya menyentuh mengenai konsep islah menurut perspektif Islam, latar belakang dan pemikiran Muhammad Rashid tentang faktor-faktor kelemahan umat Islam serta bagaimana islah dijadikan sebagai pendekatan dalam menangani permasalahan yang sedang dihadapi oleh umat Islam. Kajian terhadap pemikiran Muhammad Rashid Rida penting untuk melihat kesesuaian konsep islah yang dikemukakannya sebagai pendekatan dalam membangunkan masyarakat Islam berdasarkan realiti ummah pada hari ini. Penulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui analisis kandungan bagi meneliti dan menganalisis data-data daripada sumber primer dan sekunder. Data-data yang dikumpulkan daripada pelbagai sumber akan disaring dan disusun sebelum dianalisis menggunakan metode deduktif. Makalah ini mendapati, konsep islah yang dibawa oleh tokoh kajian ini bagi menangani permasalahan umat Islam adalah releven dengan situasi ummah pada hari ini. Kajian ini juga mendapati, semua pihak seperti kerajaan, rakyat, dan para cendekiawan perlu memainkan peranan yang signifikan bagi menyelesaikan permasalahan yang melanda umat Islam.

Kata kunci: Islah; Masyarakat; Pemikiran; Kelemahan; Pembangunan
Cell type-specific novel long non-coding RNA and circular RNA in the BLUEPRINT hematopoietic transcriptomes atlas
Authors: Luigi Grassi  , Osagie G. Izuogu  , Natasha A.N. Jorge  , Denis Seyres  , Mariona Bustamante  , Frances Burden  , Samantha Farrow  , Neda Farahi  , Fergal J. Martin  , Adam Frankish  , Jonathan M. Mudge  , Myrto Kostadima  , Romina Petersen  , John J. Lambourne  , Sophia Rowlston  , Enca Martin-Rendon  , Laura Clarke  , Kate Downes  , Xavier Estivill  , Paul Flicek  , Joost H.A. Martens  , Marie-Laure Yaspo  , Hendrik G. Stunnenberg  , Willem H. Ouwehand  , Fabio Passetti  , Ernest Turro  , Mattia Frontini
Published: July 2020

Transcriptional profiling of hematopoietic cell subpopulations has helped to characterize the developmental stages of the hematopoietic system and the molecular bases of malignant and non-malignant blood diseases. Previously, only the genes targeted by expression microarrays could be profiled genome-wide. High-throughput RNA sequencing, however, encompasses a broader repertoire of RNA molecules, without restriction to previously annotated genes. We analyzed the BLUEPRINT consortium RNA-sequencing data for mature hematopoietic cell types. The data comprised 90 total RNA-sequencing samples, each composed of one of 27 cell types, and 32 small RNA-sequencing samples, each composed of one of 11 cell types. We estimated gene and isoform expression levels for each cell type using existing annotations from Ensembl. We then used guided transcriptome assembly to discover unannotated transcripts. We identified hundreds of novel non-coding RNA genes and showed that the majority have cell type-dependent expression. We also characterized the expression of circular RNA and found that these are also cell type-specific. These analyses refine the active transcriptional landscape of mature hematopoietic cells, highlight abundant genes and transcriptional isoforms for each blood cell type, and provide a valuable resource for researchers of hematologic development and diseases. Finally, we made the data accessible via a web-based interface: https://blueprint.haem.cam.ac.uk/bloodatlas/.
Comparative Analysis of the Physical Activity, Nutrition and Health Behaviour in Physical Education Students: Gender Differences
Authors: Popović Jasna  , Popović Miloš  , Popović Ružena
Published: July 2020

A question that has interested physical activity researches in recent years is whether involvement in Physical Activity (PA) is associated with the adoption of other health behaviours, such as good nutrition and no smoking. In this pilot study was implemented the complex Diet Questionnaire, on PA, Health, Nutrition, within the  group of the healthy adults, specifically selected students of the Faculty of Sport and PE (in Total 74 respondents). Applied Q contains 7 segments (23 items) dealing with: Medical and Social status, Body mass, and Body High, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Life Style. Study results are presented as comparative analysis of gender differences. Applied variables within (1–7) segments have non parametric properties. The proposed health outcomes suggest that considerable public health benefits could be achieved through PA. The identification of PA patterns is important if any effort to plan public health initiatives in this field.
Before newspapers and the telegraph: information distribution in Livland more than two hundred years ago
Authors: Martuzāns Bruno
Published: July 2020

This paper concerns information dissemination in the Livland province of the Russian Empire at the turn of the eighteenth and the nineteenth centuries, when its rulers sent their orders to the provincial capital, Riga, by horse post. In Riga they were translated into German, and the ancient network of information dissemination used by the Lutheran Church was engaged. The orders of both the Empire and provincial rulers were delivered to Lutheran pastors, who announced this information to their parishes from the pulpit, speaking in Latvian or Estonian so as to be understood by local peasants (serfs), and allowed the texts to circulate around the manors of the parish. The infrastructure of the information network, its maintenance and threats, the speed of information distribution, information safety and security, and the fight against the delivery of false information are all topics of consideration. It is then concluded that information technology has changed drastically throughout time, but the problems it confronts remain quite similar.
Studies on neotropical Phasmatodea XXI: Sigaruphasma, a new genus of Hesperophasmatini Bradley & Galil, 1977, from Hispaniola with the descriptions of two new species (Phasmatodea: Cladomorphinae)
Authors: Hennemann Frank H. , Conle Oskar V. , Perez-Gelabert Daniel E. , Valero Pablo
Published: July 2020

The new Hesperophasmatini–genus Sigaruphasma gen. nov. from Hispaniola is described and illustrated. It is remarkable for violating several of the previously stated diagnostic features of the tribe Hesperophasmatini Bradley and Galil, 1977. It is well characterized by the cylindrical, cigar–like body of females, proportionally very short legs, strongly broadened profemora of females, lacking sensory–areas on the probasisternum and profurcasternum as well as the smooth egg–capsule. Two new species are described from the Dominican Republic, both from the males, females and eggs. S. bouladoui sp. nov. occurs in the eastern portion of Hispaniola (Monseñor Nouel, San Cristóbal, San José de Ocoa and Samaná provinces) and has fully winged males. S. armatum sp. nov. occurs in the southern and southeastern Dominican Republic (Barahona, La Vega, San José de Ocoa, Elías Piña, Santiago provinces) and has apterous males with a strong body spination. Both species show a remarkable range of intraspecific variability and polymorphism, which is described and illustrated.
Primera cita de Culex interrogator (Diptera: Culicidae) para la Hispaniola y actualización del listado de mosquitos de Jarabacoa, República Dominicana
Authors: Rodríguez Sosa María Altagracia , Rueda Juan , Pichardo Rodríguez Roddy Jesús , Vásquez Bautista Yohan Enmanuel , Durán Tiburcio Jesús Confesor , Fimia-Duarte Rigoberto , Alarcón-Elbal Pedro María
Published: July 2020

Desde que dio inicio el nuevo siglo, varios estudios sobre la culicidofauna de la Hispaniola han elevado el conocimiento de este grupo de artrópodos, muy relevantes desde el punto de vista médico y veterinario. En relación a la diversidad de la familia Culicidae, los hallazgos más recientes se han realizado en el municipio de Jarabacoa, República Dominicana. Con el objetivo de profundizar en la diversidad de los culícidos presentes en esta localidad montañosa de El Cibao, se procedió a la búsqueda de criaderos de mosquitos, sobre todo de origen natural, desde enero de 2018 hasta junio de 2019. La identificación de los especímenes se realizó mediante la utilización de lupa binocular y microscopio, con la ayuda de claves taxonómicas. Se reportan seis nuevas especies para Jarabacoa, sumando un total de 22 para el municipio, sobre las cuales se analizan cuestiones como su bioecología y su papel en la transmisión de agentes patógenos, entre otras. Destaca la presencia de Culex interrogator Dyar y Knab, 1906, especie que se reporta por primera vez en la Hispaniola, y por segunda en el Caribe insular. A pesar de que este culícido no está implicado hasta la fecha en la transmisión de patógenos al ser humano, otras especies encontradas en este estudio como Anopheles crucians Wiedemann, 1828, Aedes scapularis (Rondani, 1848) y Psorophora confinnis (Lynch Arribálzaga, 1891) deben ser tenidas en cuenta en los programas de vigilancia y control, a tenor de su relevancia médica.