bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intervention Strategies for Mitigating Drug and Substance Abuse Among Youths in Selected Local Government Areas of Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Joseph Terwase Kerker  , Isaac Ahen Adeyongo
Published: March 2024

This study investigated intervention strategies for reducing drug and substance abuse among youths in selected Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Benue State, Nigeria.  The survey research design was employed in this study and qualitative data collection was made. Both primary and secondary data were collected through in-depth interviews conducted with key informants, including community leaders, parents, teachers, and healthcare professionals, to obtain qualitative insights into the underlying factors contributing to drug and substance use. The study adopted the qualitative data analysis which involved thematic and content analysis to identify key themes and patterns in the participants' narratives. Thematic and content analysis revealed various contributing factors to drug abuse and the distinct roles of key players in addressing the issue. Tailoring national campaigns to local contexts through domestication emerged as an effective approach, leveraging community engagement, local influencers, and continuous monitoring. The study emphasised the critical roles of the NDLEA, health practitioners, religious and traditional institutions, media, and NGOs in prevention efforts. The study discovers that various key players are identified, showcasing their distinct roles and responsibilities in addressing this pressing issue. The study showed that tailoring national campaigns to local contexts through domestication enhances effectiveness by customizing messages and interventions to the local culture of drug and substance abuse. The study recommended implementing comprehensive prevention programs, advocating for good parenting, strengthening law enforcement, and improving access to mental health services for affected youths. This study underscores the collective responsibility of stakeholders, including governmental agencies, community institutions, religious leaders, educators, parents, NGOs, and youths themselves, in addressing drug abuse among youths in Benue State. The study concludes that the significance of acknowledging drug abuse as a collective concern that requires the involvement of various stakeholders, including governmental agencies, community institutions, religious leaders, educators, parents, NGOs, and youths themselves. The prevalence of drug abuse among youths in the district underscores the need for immediate action and underscores the responsibility of each stakeholder to play a role in prevention, intervention, and rehabilitation efforts towards mitigating drug and substance abuse among youths in Benue State.
Post-harvest Problems of Cowpeas Faced by Farmers in Madagali Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Abdullahi, A. R  , Gulvi, H. I  , Kamsusi, A  , Kussiy, J. J
Published: March 2024

Post-harvest losses in cowpea have been a problem for cowpea farmers in Madagali Local Government Area. These losses are mainly due to insect pest attacks and spillage during post-harvest handling operations. To determine the post-harvest problems of cowpea. Five farming communities were selected, and twenty cowpea farmers from each community represented the entire population, resulting in a total of one hundred farmers. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data from the respondents. The questionnaires were scored using a 4-point Likert scale. The collected data were subjected to descriptive statistics using Microsoft Excel. According to the study, the majority of farmers asserted that steel drums were the best storage technique, with the highest mean score of 3.39, while rhomboidal storage techniques had the lowest mean score of 2.15 in the study area. Pests had the highest mean score of 3.12, which was considered the major problem in cowpea storage, while lack of knowledge about the storage facility had the lowest mean score of 1.94 and was considered a minor storage problem in the study area. However, the use of proper insecticides had the highest mean score of 3.32 and was considered the best method of pest control for cowpea in the study area, while the use of silos with a mean score of 2.16 was considered a less effective method for controlling pests in cowpea in the study area. Most farmers store their cowpea for five to six months to prevent pest damage.
Application of Multiple Intelligence Instructional Strategy in Teaching Business Education
Authors: Sani Abubakar Alhaji , Mato Muktar Musa , Zagi Daniel Joshua
Published: March 2024

Over the years, Nigerians are faced economic hardship which requires structural reforms and adjustment in education. However, Entrepreneurship is encouraged because it could lead to self-employment and ensure that business ventures continue to be in operation. If Nigerians wants to encourage entrepreneurship, they should be encouraged to study business education. The challenges educators face in the 21st century are so diverse in such a way that using better teaching methods is more crucial now than ever before to facilitate the process of knowledge transmission. Owing to the inappropriateness of the traditional methods of teaching in the present day teaching, this study reviews the application of multiple intelligence instructional strategy as an alternative method of teaching Business Education which guides curriculum structure and lesson planning to include the importance of teaching the subject matter through a variety of activities and projects. Multiple intelligence teaching strategy was found to affect the success and permanence of the business education students in class. Thus, the study recommends that the teaching method should be incorporated into teaching students in the class.
Assessment of the Variations in Residential Rental Values in Rantya-Gyel Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Benshak Alice Bernard , Adepetu Adebola Nurudeen , Aliboh Vivian
Published: March 2024

This study has investigated the changing residential rental values in Rantya-Gyel from 2009 to 2019. The main objective was to determine the extent and trend of changes in residential rental values of different categories of accommodation. The study hypothesised that residential rental values have witnessed significant increases, that the increases were demand-driven; and that the type of accommodation demanded by tenants was influenced by their demographic and socio-economic status. Questionnaire-based interviews and direct field observation were used to elicit information from landlords, property agents and tenants. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 17) software package was employed in analysing rent values, socio-demographic characteristics of tenants and types of accommodation. The chi-square and analysis of variance (F-ratio) techniques were employed in testing the hypotheses. The study found that the rent of different categories of accommodation had gone up by more than three-fold and most of the tenants (Christians) came from Jos north. Rental values doubled during the said period of investigation, housing types were mostly 2-bedroom flats and occupation/income was significantly related to accommodation. Demand and supply factors, as well as market forces, were identified as reasons why rental values in Rantya-Gyel tended to appreciate from 2009 to 2019. The study therefore recommends that the government should formulate policies and put in place strategies that increase the supply of housing in Rantya-Gyel and enhance integration.
Spatial Spread of Diphtheria and Public Health Engagement in Nigeria
Authors: Olusola Olufemi  , Oluwasayo Olatunde
Published: March 2024

Diphtheria is a potentially fatal and highly contagious vaccine-preventable disease that spreads between people mainly by direct contact or through the air via respiratory droplets. The disease can affect all age groups; however, unimmunized children are particularly at risk. This article examines the spatial spread of diphtheria in Nigeria. The paper examines community awareness and public health actions taken by various actors and stakeholders to alleviate the diphtheria outbreak. The risks of spreading diphtheria and the vulnerability of children due to poor immunisation are frightening. Consistency in data collection and good quality (quantitative) data provides a basis for timely intervention and future response to the treatment of diphtheria. Curtailing crowding, reducing multidimensional poverty and social inequalities, and enhancing hygienic practices (WASH) are practical measures to reduce spread, infection, and death arising from the diphtheria outbreak in Nigeria and other countries.
Mailumo (Self-Centeredness)
Authors: Adega Andrew Philips , Torhemen Moses Terwase
Published: March 2024

Societies across the world keep evolving and new values and ideals are imbibed. This makes the assertion that change is the only permanent thing undeniable. The above claim is also true of the contemporary Tiv society which has imbibed foreign values and ideals which are antithetical to values and ideals of the traditional Tiv society. A glaring value which has emerged in contemporary Tiv society is the mailumo (self-centeredness) socio-cultural philosophy which is being firmly entrenched as a Tiv value. The research is qualitative and adopts a multi-disciplinary approach for method. Thus, the historical, descriptive and analytic methods are employed. For data collection, the primary and secondary methods are adopted. In the primary method, oral interviews and observation procedures are used; whereas in the secondary method, information is obtained from books, journals and other published materials. The data that is collated is presented using the analytic method. The research has established that mailumo (self-centeredness) as an emerging socio-cultural and socio-political philosophy in Tiv society is diametrically opposed to the Tiv socio-cultural philosophies of ya na angbian and ayatutu (“weism”-group solidarity). The research further established that mailumo has brought about greed, hatred, disunity, self-centredness, the promotion of mediocrity and Pull-Down syndrome. These ideals have negatively affected Tiv society and retarded its development. The paper calls on the Tiv to return to the drawing board and re-entrenched the traditional Tiv socio-cultural philosophies of ya na angbian and ayatutu of being one’s brother’s keeper. These ideals would ensure social cohesion among the Tiv and bring about love, peace, stability and development of Tiv society.
Assessment of Farmers’ Willingness to Adopt Rice-Cum-Fish Technology in Edo and Delta States, Nigeria
Authors: Onemolease, E. A  , G.O. Ikoyo-Eweto  , Obute, J. E
Published: March 2024

Strengthening rice farmers’ economic profile requires seeking alternative production systems to boost their livelihood; however, of pertinent interest is the readiness of the farmers to incorporate recommended technologies into the existing production system. This paper, therefore, examines the adoption prospects of rice-cum-fish technology among rice farmers in Edo and Delta States of Nigeria. The technology was piloted by the Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research (NIOMR), and targeted at rice farmers with the hope of enhancing income and food security. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire from 355 farmers, sampled from 18 communities across six local governments in the study area. Analysis of data was done using descriptive statistics, logit regression, and binomial tests. Results revealed the farmers were aware of some of the rice-cum-fish production technologies especially when fish enter the rice field from the river/stream (47.89%). The majority (81.13%) of the respondents expressed willingness to adopt any of the rice-cum-fish production technologies, and Binomial test results (p < 0.05) indicate this proportion was significant, compared to those who expressed unwillingness. This indicates a high prospect for the adoption of the technology among the farmers in the study area, when introduced. Significant factors found to influence the respondents’ likelihood of adopting the proposed technology were age (b=0.08), sex (b=2.91), educational level (b=-1.22), farming experience (b= -0.08), farm size (b = 0.93) and intercrop status (b=1.15). The study thus recommends proper extension targeting of farmers to convince the latter of the need to adopt the rice-cum-fish technology.
Using Continuing Professional Development (CPD) for Enhancing Teaching Quality in Higher Education of Bangladesh
Authors: Afroz Rozina , Ramlan Suria Selasih Angit Asra , Anny Nusrat Zerin , Afroz Md. Nurul Islam
Published: March 2024

Bangladesh is crossing milestones in achieving sustainability in every sector and one of the most important sectors is the higher education sector. Thus, it is advisable to improve the quality of education in the environment by evaluating some parameters of service quality. This paper examines the quality of teaching in the higher education sector through continuing Professional Development (CPD) and examines the important role that teachers play in contributing to the development of the knowledge and values needed for teachers. However, since the study is on descriptive and analytical case studies and literature reviews based on reliable sources which shows that workshops and seminars are effective in most traditional modes has as proved to be insufficient for Coordination and evaluation of programs should be mandatory for professional development, which will help to maintain a positive environment with changing global situation. This paper identifies the definition, the dimension, the model, effectiveness, and types of CPD, the quality of service related to student satisfaction. The study helps to identify and assist in taking steps to address the lack of teaching quality whether teachers receive continuous professional development programs and whether such programs are adequate in our college.
Exploring Classroom Environment as a Predominant Factor Affecting Students' Academic Performance in Lagos State Junior Secondary Schools, Nigeria
Authors: Akinyemi Isiaka Adeniran , Gbesoevi Emmanuel Semako , Afolabi Sherifat Abimbola
Published: March 2024

This study was conducted to investigate the classroom environment as a predominant factor affecting students' academic performance in Lagos State junior secondary schools, Nigeria. A sample size of 250 students was drawn using both purposive and simple random sampling techniques. The instruments used for data collection were a questionnaire titled “Classroom Environment Questionnaire and tagged (CEQ),” whose reliability coefficient was found to be 0.85, and an achievement test to measure the students’ academic performance. Findings from the study revealed that there is a significant relationship between class size and students' academic performance in public junior secondary schools (r =.829), a significant relationship exists between instructional material usage and students' academic performance in public junior secondary schools (r =.745), a significant relationship exists between school climate and students' academic performance in public junior secondary schools (r =.775), and a significant relationship exists between classroom organization and students' academic performance in public junior secondary schools in Lagos State (r =.925). It was recommended that to ensure efficient service delivery, or the teaching-learning process, the government, through the Education Districts, pledge to supply junior secondary schools with economically improved and pertinent instructional resources, as this would enhance students’ academic performance in schools.
Probiotics: Role in immunomodulation and consequent effects
Authors: Begum Jubeda , Buyamayum Bidyarani , Lingaraju Madhu C. , Dev Kapil , Biswas Avishek
Published: March 2024

Microbiologically gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is one of the most active ecosystems with rich diversity of microflora and this gut microbial ecosystem is very crucial for the development and maturation of the of GIT associated immune system. The probiotics mediate their effects by regulating various immune cells, such as T regulatory cells, effector lymphocytes, natural killer T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, and epithelial cells. The gut microbiota is very instrumental in the development and immunomodulation of mucosal immune system and any sort of impairment might result in development of microbiota-related diseases. There are two major mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory actions of probiotics – regulation of gene expression and signaling pathways in the host cells. The immunomodulatory effect is achieved by: a) direct stimulation of residing immune cells in the GIT, which results in macrophage activation and enhanced phagocytosis, b) modulation of enzyme activity by changing the microbial metabolism. On exposure to any foreign antigen an immune response is initiated by host gut mucosal immune system to maintain the homeostasis partly by adaptive immune response and partly by inducing inflammation. The advancement in the knowledge of intestinal microbiota as a result of metagenomics strategies has provided us a greater understanding of underlying mechanisms of how gut microorganisms affect the body functions. Significant amount of encouraging data pertaining to studies on humans and animal models show that supplementation of probiotics are promising approaches for prevention and treatment of GIT and immune disorders. The effects of probiotics have been observed beyond GIT and the interaction between GIT and central nervous system have revealed the role of neurochemical signalling in gut homeostasis and mental health. However, there is uncertainty in reproducibility of the effects of probiotic supplementation in animal or human nutrition and also there is no information whether the probiotics used in animal nutrition enter the human food chain or not.
Growth pattern, lipid composition, oxidation status, and serum biochemical profile of broiler chicken fed flaxseed meal for different durations
Authors: Kumar Faneshwar , Tyagi Praveen K. , Mir Nasir Akbar , Dev Kapil , Begum Jubeda , Tyagi Pramod K. , Biswas Avishek , Sahu Bharti , Dinani O.P. , Sharma Divya
Published: March 2024

This research studied the effects of flaxseed meal (FSM) feeding for different durations on growth performance, fatty acid profile, oxidative stability of meat, and serum biochemical profile of broiler chicken. In basal diet 100 g FSM replaced soybean meal. The FSM based diet was fed for different durations resulting in six dietary treatments viz. T1 (0-5 weeks), T2 (1-5 weeks), T3 (2-5 weeks), T4 (3-5 weeks), T5 (4-5 weeks), and T6 (without FSM). The results revealed significant negative effects of FSM feeding beyond 3 weeks duration (2-5 weeks) on the weight gain, feed efficiency, production efficiency factor, protein efficiency ratio, and energy efficiency ratio of broiler chicken. Significant improvement of fatty acid profile of chicken meat was observed by FSM feeding up to 3 weeks only. Increasing the FSM feeding beyond 1 week in case of thigh meat and 2 weeks in case of breast meat significantly decreased the antioxidant capacity of broiler chicken meat. The lipid oxidation of broiler chicken meat increased significantly by feeding FSM beyond 2 weeks. Increase in the duration of FSM feeding has significantly decreased the serum triglyceride, cholesterol, cardiac risk ratio, atherogenic coefficient, and atherogenic index of plasma, though, the decline was not significant beyond the 2 weeks (3-5 weeks) feeding duration. The progressive increase in serum HDL cholesterol, serum antioxidant enzyme activities, and MDA concentration was observed with increase of FSM feeding duration. Thus, the 100 g FSM feeding for 2 weeks duration (3-5 weeks) has no negative effect on the growth performance with better health indices and serum biochemical profile of broiler chicken. However, increasing the duration of feeding beyond 1 week (4-5 week) exerts negative effects on the oxidative stability of meat and serum antioxidant enzyme profile.
Liquorice (glycyrrhiza glabra) herb as a poultry feed additive- A review
Authors: Gowthaman V. , Sharma Divya , Biswas Avishek , Deo Chandra
Published: March 2024

Medicinal plants have grown in popularity as a result of their numerous health benefits in animals, birds, and humans. Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is a prominent traditional medicinal plant belonging to the Fabaceae family of legumes. The principal constituent of liquorice root is glycyrrhizin. Liquorice extract have been noted to have a significant antimicrobial (antifungal, antibacterial, antibiotic, antiviral, antiseptic, and antiprotozoal) effects. Improved feed conversion ratio, average body weight, and feed intake have been observed in quails supplemented with dietary 200 ppm of liquorice root extract and 1% probiotic in their diet. The liquorice extract has been found to have immunogenic and antioxidant properties, which could help poultry improve their growth performance, feed efficiency, carcass characteristics, and serum biochemistry, and can potentially act as a viable alternative to antibiotics in the treatment and prevention of various respiratory, digestive, and immune disorders.
Effect of different levels and sources of dietary copper on the growth and immunity of broiler chicken
Authors: Dukare Sagar , Mandal AB , Mir Nasir Akbar , Dev Kapil , Biswas Avishek , Tyagi Praveen K , Rokade JJ , Tyagi Pramod K
Published: March 2024

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels and sources of dietary copper (Cu) in broiler chicken. The experimental design was 3x4 factorial with three levels of Cu (8, 12, 16 ppm) and four sources (inorganic – IC, organic – OC, green nano – GNC, and market nano – MNC) resulting in 12 dietary treatments. The GNC was synthesised in the laboratory. A total of 480 day old chicken of same hatch and uniform body weight were procured and divided randomly in 12 treatment groups having 5 replicates with 8 birds in each (40 birds/treatment). The results revealed significantly higher body weight gain and feed intake in birds supplemented with GNC or MNC at 16 ppm Cu level. The better feed efficiency was observed at 16 ppm level of GNC or MNC. However, no significant effects of Cu levels or sources were observed on the carcass characteristics and cutup parts of broiler chicken. Similarly, enhanced cell mediated immune response measured as response to PHAP was observed in birds supplemented with GNC followed by MNC and at 16 ppm level. The humoral immune response, measure as response against sheep red blood cells, was higher in birds supplemented with MNC or GNC at 16 ppm level. Thus, this study concludes that supplementation of Cu in broiler chicken at 16 ppm level of nano form improves the growth and feed efficiency along with an enhanced immunity. The green nano Cu synthesised in this study was equally better in improving growth performance and immunity of birds as market nano Cu. However, green nano Cu was superior to market nano Cu in improving the cell mediated immunity of broiler chicken.
Screening of some medicinal plant extracts for antibacterial effects: A step towards natural feed additive formulation
Authors: Abd'Quadri-Abojukoro Aderonke Naimot , Yobo Kwasi S. , Nsahlai Ignatius  V.
Published: March 2024

Because microorganisms became resistant to the majority of antimicrobial agents, microbial infections have become potentially fatal. As a result, concerns about antibiotic resistance are being raised even in the production of animals, where the use of sub-therapeutic doses of antibiotics in animal feeds plays a significant role. Ionophores, a group of antibiotics used extensively in ruminant production to increase productivity, are prohibited in animal production in the European Union. There is a constant research for antibiotic alternatives by animal scientists in animal production. Hence, the goal of this study was to assess the antibacterial activity of a few selected medicinal plant species on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium. Using the disc diffusion and microdilution procedures, the growth inhibition ability of ethanol extracts of 22 plant materials was assayed against these bacteria. All the plant extracts exhibited resistance against at least one of the bacterial strains. The MIC varied from 0.391- 3.125 mg/ml for the diffusion assay, while the inhibition zones ranged from 10.00±0.00 to 21.33±1.50 mm. Escherichia coli was the bacterial strain that was least affected. In comparison to the agar disc diffusion assay, plant extracts demonstrated higher antibacterial activity in the microdilution assay. This shows that for evaluating the susceptibility of bacteria to plant extracts, both the microdilution assay and the disc diffusion method should be used. Majority of the selected plants exhibited strong antibacterial properties against gram-positive bacteria. Therefore, more research is necessary to ascertain how to utilise these antibacterial properties to control rumen microorganisms for effective rumen fermentation.
Inflection in nutrient transporter genes leads to potential changes in small intestine histomorphology with improved nutrient retention in chicken under dietary synbiotic supplementation
Authors: Dev Kapil , Singh Jitendra , Mir Nasir Akbar , Biswas Avishek , Sonowal Joyshikh , Kant Rajiv , Ahlawat Neeraj , Tiwari Ashok Kumar
Published: March 2024

This study investigated the role of synbiotic supplementation on gut histomorphology, expression of nutrient transporters, and nutrient utilization in broiler chicken. Bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD), Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus (LBA), and prebiotic Mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) were used to formulate total 6 dietary treatments viz. T1 (control; basal diet), T2 (BMD @ 20 mg/kg diet), T3/T4 (0.1% MOS with 106 and 107 cfu LBA/g diet), and T5/T6 (0.2% MOS with 106 and 107 cfu LBA/g diet). A total of 288 day old chicken were allocated at random among six treatments, each with six replicates of eight chicken (48 birds/treatment). Results revealed higher villus height, crypt depth, villus height: crypt depth ratio, and histological surface magnification ratio values in chicken fed a combination of MOS (0.2%) and LBA (106 or 107 cfu/g diet). BMD supplemented birds had higher values of these parameters compared to control birds. The villus width, villus bottom area, and mucosal unit bottom area were all increased in birds supplemented with BMD, but were similar to birds fed a combination of MOS (0.1 percent) and LBA (107 cfu/g diet). The villus width, villus bottom area, and mucosal unit bottom area were higher in BMD supplemented birds which were similar to the birds fed a combination of MOS (0.1%) and LBA (107 cfu/g diet). The birds fed a combination of MOS (0.2%) and LBA (106 or 107 cfu/g diet) revealed upregulation of SGLT1 and GLUT5 expression in jejunum but no significant effect was observed on the expression of PePT1 and EAAT3 gene. The AME Diet, nitrogen, phosphorus, and calcium retentions were higher in birds fed a combination of MOS (0.2%) and LBA (106 or 107 cfu/g diet). However, the organic matter digestibility was higher in birds fed a combination of MOS (0.2%) and LBA (106 cfu/g diet) and BMD supplementation also improved the organic matter utilization compared to control. In conclusion, the supplementation of a combination of MOS (0.2%) and LBA (106 or 107 cfu/g diet) improves the intestinal architecture along with upregulation of SGLT1 and GLUT5 nutrient transporters and increase in nutrient digestibility in broiler chicken.
Antifungal resistance in dermatophytosis: A global health concern
Authors: Begum Jubeda , Das P
Published: March 2024

Dermatophytosis is a common dermatological problem in animals as well as humans which is associated with interference in immune function. Unlike the antibacterial resistance which is frequently reported, antifungal resistance is less commonly reported, but there are reports of emerging antifungal resistance in humans and animals. The problem of antifungal resistance can be more severe in comparison to any other drug resistance due to the limited number of antifungals available for therapeutic purpose. A number of mechanisms have been put forward to explain the phenomenon of antifungal drug resistance, such as, drug efflux by fungal cells, drug detoxification by fungal cells, resistance imposed by structural elements of the fungal cell, target gene mutations, etc. Currently, only three types of antifungal drugs are available – Azoles, Polyenes, and allylamines; therefore it is mandatory to use the antifungals rationally to contain the problem of rising antifungal resistance. To counter the problem of antifungal resistance indiscriminate over the counter use of antifungal drugs in the treatment of dermatophytosis need to be strongly discouraged. Furthermore, at the research level, whole genome sequencing of dermatophytes from around the world will aid in a better understanding of fungal pathophysiology and associated drug resistance, potentially leading to new approaches to overcome antifungal resistance. And, lastly the use of combination therapy offers an advantage of synergistic action of different antifungals with enhanced spectrum activity which could play instrumental role in reducing the antifungal resistance.
Phenotypic and morphobiometric characterization of local chicken (Gallus gallus) in family breeding on the outskirts of Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Ishara-Nshombo Elie-Ishnel , Nzuzi-Mavungu Gael , Kashala-Kapalwola Jean-Christophe , Kalenga-Kalamo Hortense
Published: March 2024

This study, with a main goal to characterise the local chicken at phenotypic and morphobiometric level, was conducted from September 2019 to January 2020 in three outlying districts of Lubumbashi city in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). A total of 116 adult females and 64 adult males were photographed, described, and measured individually. The main results indicated that the phenotypic traits of the local chicken studied were very heterogeneous. Indeed, four main types of feather distribution were observed – normal feathering (80.56%), crested head (17.22%), naked-neck (1.67%), and feathered shank (0.56%). For feather morphology, normal plumage (98.33%) dominated frizzled plumage (1.67%). Plumage colouring varied with the predominance of black (15.00%), millefiori (10.56%), salmon pink (9.44%), and fawn (8.89%) colours. The single comb was the most common (96.67%) having usually the red (51.67%) or pink (35.56%) colour. The colour of wattles was dominated by red (58.89%) followed by pink (33.89%), while the predominant earlobe colour was red (32.78%) followed by red-white (23.33%) and white (21.67%). Among the eye colours, orange-red predominated (73.33%) followed by dark-brown (11.11%) and yellow-brown (9.44%). Most of the birds were having white skin colour (56.67%) followed by pink (22.22%) and yellow (21.11%). The shank colour was predominantly white (34.44%) followed by yellow (23.89%), grey (19.44%), black (16.67%), and green (5.56%). Regarding morphobiometric traits, the average live body weight of the local peri-urban chicken of Lubumbashi was 1.25 ± 0.52 kg in males and 1.06 ± 0.29 kg in females. Body weight and other body measurements vary significantly (p<0.001) depending on sex and in favour of males. Body weight was strongly and significantly correlated with shank circumference and chest circumference with a coefficient of 0.86 and 0.80, respectively.
Role of nanotechnology in mastitis treatment for dairy cows: a mini review
Authors: Prakash Ved , Rathaur Aman , Rai Dinesh Chandra , Singh Samar Jeet
Published: March 2024

Mastitis is among the most popular ailments in dairy cow that results in the greatest financial losses for dairy farms. Different strains of bacteria, fungus, and algae are responsible for causing mastitis. Mostly this disease is typically caused by bacteria that grow in the udder and lymph nodes, causing damage to the udder parenchyma. Antibiotics are the primary method of treatment for mastitis. However, long-term use of antibiotics has caused pathogens that cause mastitis to become more resistant to antibiotics. As a result, various strategies for eliminating pathogenic bacteria that cause mastitis are being researched. Researchers have looked for alternative therapeutic modalities to antibiotics for the treatment of mastitis. These efforts are helped by the innovative invention of nanotechnology for mastitis therapy and management. As a result, nanotechnology may become the primary type of mastitis treatment in the near future. In vitro-In vivo research of alternative remedy for mastitis have indicated that many microorganisms responsible for this disease can be successfully inhibited and destroyed. The current review article discusses different nanoparticles for mastitis treatment in dairy cow herds.
Entrepreneurship potential of chicken nuggets and meat balls in Puducherry
Authors: Sandhiya Kirouchenradji , Vignesh Manivasagam , Jayananthan Vinodhini , Valsaraj Ayana
Published: March 2024

Poultry industry is one of the important segments of livestock sector in India. The growth rate of poultry production in India is showing an upward trend as per the latest 20th livestock census of India. In this study manufacturing of meat products was undertaken over a period of four months in Department of Livestock Product Technology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research (RIVER), Puducherry. During this project, chicken nuggets were manufactured and marketed in and around Puducherry region. The net profit of project was around 55.4 percentage. The data obtained in the current study may be useful as a reference for future scientific chicken nuggets production as potential entrepreneurship opportunity.
Técnicas inmunológicas moleculares como apoyo al diagnóstico microbiológico diferencial de infección aguda por VIH
Authors: Solórzano Herrera Andy Jefferson
Published: March 2024

This research sought to identify HIV confirmatory molecular immunological methods for the early diagnosis of acute infections, complementing the differential microbiological diagnosis. A descriptive study of a clinical case was carried out using molecular immunological analyses. The results showed that molecular immunological methods range from third generation techniques, capable of diagnosing the infection in the acute phase, to fourth generation techniques that detect the infection from the third week of infection. Confirmatory tests, such as Western Blot and LIA, presented high sensitivity and specificity. Revised molecular techniques, such as p24 detection or Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), reduced diagnosis time. In conclusion, molecular immunological methods allow early detection of HIV with high precision, providing diagnostic and confirmation results from the third week of infection.
Role of Human Resource Marketing Practices on Valuable Human Capital Under the Mediating Role of Intentions to Apply
Authors: Abdul Razaq Bilal , Ahmed Kaleem , Adeel Shahzada , Nawaz Madeeha
Published: March 2024

Acquiring a talented workforce is a dream for every organization. Over the years, firms have been using traditional approaches to capture/exploit market talents. Unfortunately, the success rate of these conventional approaches is relatively low. The present study aims to find some appropriate practices that the firms may use to capture the best talent from the market. From a sample of 509 participants across the different cities of Pakistan, the relationship between HR marketing practices and valuable human capital was assessed. The results show that better HR marketing practices will result in improved capturing of talented individuals from the market. The study provides deep insight to managers for introducing the best HR marketing practices to acquire the best talent. It also recommends that HR officials promote valuable jobs ads and promotions, which could attract prospective candidates.
Community Resilience and Innovation in Livelihood Strategies: Exploring the Drivers of Change in Mountain Agriculture in Lotkuh Valley, Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Zahir , Muhammad Malik Sher , Mehran  , Hussain Kamal , Ul Haq Noor , Altaf Farhana
Published: March 2024

Mountain agriculture is the linchpin of the economy in Pakistan's Hindu Kush Karakoram and Himalaya mountain regions. Currently, mountain agriculture is in a state of transition, experiencing rapid changes and innovation due to physical and anthropogenic drivers, resulting in far-reaching consequences on the livelihood sustainability and food security of the local people. This study explores the multifaceted drivers of agricultural transformation in the Eastern Hindu Kush region, specifically in Lotkuh Valley, Pakistan, focusing on the intricate relationship between resilience-building measures and the adoption of innovative agricultural practices. For this purpose, data were explored from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data were collected using stratified sampling techniques during extensive field surveys conducted in the study area from 2017 to 2019. Remotely sensed data from 1990 to 2019 were obtained from the USGS site. Secondary data were acquired from the Gazetteer of Chitral 1928, Census Report 1961-2017, and Rural Settlement Report 1988. The collected data have been analyzed through descriptive analysis and advanced geospatial techniques. The findings reveal that vivid changes and transformations have occurred in mountain agriculture. These transformations include land use/cover changes, agricultural land holdings, cropping patterns, livestock populations, arboriculture, etc. From the findings of this study, it is inferred that innovation in mountain agriculture entails a variety of opportunities and has increased agricultural production, resulting in a positive impact on the economy, food security, and livelihood sustainability. This study provides nuanced knowledge and insights for policymakers, mountain agriculturists, and practitioners to effectively develop sophisticated strategies for achieving the ambitious goal of zero hunger and poverty eradication.
Effect of Poverty on the Academic Performance of Students at the University Level in Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: Khurshid Uzma , Khan Sadia , Noreen Fazeelat
Published: March 2024

Poverty prevails when individuals lack the resources to meet their fundamental needs. This study aims to explore the impact of poverty on students' academic performance, focusing on two universities in Azad Jammu and Kashmir. The research targeted students at the BS level in these institutions, employing a causal-comparative design. Six hundred students across all selected semesters were included, chosen through a simple random sampling technique. The study used a standard instrument utilizing a five-point Likert scale. Questionnaires were distributed to 50 students from WUB and Poonch University Rawalakot for pilot testing. The instrument's reliability, assessed using Cronbach's alpha, yielded a satisfactory value of 0.91. The Pearson correlation was used to explore the relationship between variables, while simple linear regression was used to assess the impact of poverty on academic performance. The results indicate a robust and statistically significant negative correlation between poverty and academic performance. The linear regression outcomes also reveal that poverty adversely affects students' academic performance. In summary, the findings suggest a conclusive relationship wherein an increase in poverty levels corresponds to a decrease in students' academic performance, and conversely, a reduction in poverty levels is associated with an improvement in academic performance.
A Qualitative Study of the Female University Students’ Experiences on the Psycho-Social Consequences of Sexual Harassment
Authors: Omer Sonia , Jabeen Sadia , Zaheer Muhammad
Published: March 2024

In Pakistan, incidents of female sexual harassment are often reported, but there is a lack of reliable information on the context of the matter and its consequences. In this regard, this study focuses on female students studying at public universities in Lahore, Pakistan, who frequently use public transport and are subject to sexual harassment. They were asked about their experiences of harassment in public places. Using the qualitative method, data was gathered with the help of three focus group discussions, and conclusions were drawn using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Incidents of sexual harassment mainly occur on different public transport. We found that such incidents are also proven to be a big hurdle in the continuation of education for female students, apart from their deep effects on the social and psychological condition of young female students. The researchers found most of the respondents were afraid of reporting such incidents because of defamation of their character and less faith in the law enforcement agencies of the country. Awareness of existing laws in the country that protect women, particularly implementations of the laws, good governance, the positive role of law enforcement agencies, and a better conducive environment for female students specifically related to their mobility, can help reduce incidents of sexual harassment in the country.
Penanaman Karakter Bagi Anak Usia Dini Melalui Cerita Wayang
Authors: Hanipudin Sarno , Muanasah Anisatun
Published: March 2024

Pengabdian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pemahaman pentingnya penanaman karakter bagi anak sejak usia dini ditengah â€˜gempuranâ€™ karakter-karakter yang muncul ditelevisi, media sosial dan youtube yang seringkali tidak sesuai dengan masa pembentukan karakter mereka. Oleh karena itu pengabdian ini menjadi penting untuk dilaksanakan dengan tujuan mengenalkan karakter-karakter dalam pewayangan dan merefleksikan karakter tersebut kepada anak. Harapan dengan pengabdian ini adalah anak-anak mengerti dan mampu meneladani karakter tokoh dalam pewayangan. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di RA Miftahul Huda Desa Segaralangu Kabupaten Cilacap, dengan target peserta dengan jumlah 20 peserta didik. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi, pengabdian mendapatkan respon positif dan mencapai hasil yang memuaskan, dengan indikator peserta didik mampu mengikuti kegiatan sampai akhir dan berani untuk melakukan kontak fisik memegang wayang dan aktif dalam sesi pendalaman. Â
Justicia y derecho desde la perspectiva filosófica del orden social y cultura jurídica
Authors: Agnelli Faggioli Alizia , Alida García Belkis , Muñoz Alfonso Yisel
Published: March 2024

The present work analyzes from the philosophical and legal perspective, a substantial concept for the understanding of law as a political and social category, this is justice, under the understanding of legality, as the strict adherence to the law, the impartial and correct application and interpretation of positive law. It is examined under the assumption that it is necessary to promote legal culture as an element that allows justice to radiate towards each individual citizen and towards the social order in general as a contribution to the process of formation and preparation of society and also to conform a triad with the concept of legality.
Métodos y técnicas de aprendizaje
Authors: Gutiérrez Alvarado Andy Esaú , Lynch López Jinson Arturo , Mora Parrales Layza Madelen
Published: March 2024

The article reflects on the need to use methods and techniques for learning. This is important because when students know the different study techniques, it will be easier to select the most appropriate for each situation and create their own learning strategies.
La redistribución del proceso de acumulación de capital en el Ecuador entre los años 2006 al 2016
Authors: Miño Oswaldo , Valencia Carlos , Sotomayor Eduardo
Published: March 2024

The study analyzes the importance of the role of the State in the economy and in the process of accumulation of wealth. The economic model implemented by the Government of Rafael Correa, managed to displace private enterprise, thereby generating an increase in dependence on the economy by the State; the organic composition of capital was redistributed, limiting the expanded reproduction of capital (by the interference of the state in the process of accumulation of wealth), thus counteracting the dynamics of the economy on the part of the capitalist enterprise. The gravitante of this situation is that in spite of the enormous economic resources, the external debt has grown, the problem of employment has not been solved and the only tool used to level the government's finances, has been a policy administration prosecutors aggressively and persecuting.
Principios, leyes y categoría de la pedagogía
Authors: Cabrera Carchi Gilson , García Sellan Jonathan , Arizaga Suárez Michelle
Published: March 2024

The article analyzes the importance of pedagogy as a science for the study of human education and its transformation. Through the application of an observation guide to the Vicente Rocafuerte Educational Unit, it was concluded that pedagogy is the fundamental and indispensable basis for quality education and productivity. The principles mention the way of educating the student, the categories, the way of teaching and the laws, the interaction with the educational environment. It is concluded that teachers should be aware if the form of teaching used is appropriate according to the characteristics of the students; and the administrative staff, as a mediation center, if the planning proposed by the teacher is carried out in an effective manner.
Navigating the Storm: How ASEAN Managed the Great Power Competition Through the ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific
Authors: Po Sovinda
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT As it has globally, geopolitical competition has intensified in the Indo-Pacific. It is a competition between and among major powers; Japan competes with China, US-led allies challenge China’s assertiveness, and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is a hinge in and a battleground. Situated at the heart of this region, ASEAN is under significant pressure. To set out their views and navigate through this turbulent time, ASEAN leaders released “the ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific” in June 2019. This paper seeks to answer how Outlook is used to help ASEAN maintain its central role in the Indo-Pacific region. The paper also discusses the internal and external challenges ASEAN faces in implementing its vision. Externally, rising power competition is a force pulling ASEAN apart. Internal to ASEAN, differences in the national interests of the member states remain roadblocks. The paper also tries to depict a future for ASEAN. Towards the end, it makes some recommendations for ASEAN to move forward. In the end, strong cohesion of the member states is probably the key to mutual prosperity and expanded influence, but can this be achieved when the forces of division have become so much greater? Keywords: ASEAN Outlook; The Indo-Pacific; Institutional hedging; Great power competition
Analysis of Beginning Reading Difficulties of Dyslexic Students
Authors: Debi Tripuanti  , Fitri Siti Sundari  , Resyi A. Gani
Published: March 2024

Reading skills are not something that can develop naturally like language development. However, in the development of reading which starts from the beginning of the development of this skill, it is necessary to carry out a systematic planning process, unlike language development. The systematic development in question is a planned development like a lesson. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that cause dyslexia students' early reading difficulties and efforts to overcome them. This research method uses a qualitative research method with a case study approach. Difficulty reading at the beginning of dyslexic students is the factor of students who have limitations and experience slow learning which can be called dyslexia, namely a person's ability to recognize letters with evidence from the results of psychological tests. reading difficulties caused by a person's ability to recognize letters.