bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
”Hinner vi inte ta en grogg tillsammans, innan ångaren sjunker?”
Authors: Boëthius Ulf
Published: June 2021

”How about a drink together, before the ship sinks?” Fact and Fiction in Erik Pallin’s Kaparkaptenen på Emden

The First World War gave rise to a surge of war novels, many of which were aimed at a young audience. These novels can be characterized as adventure stories with boys as their main target group. Swedish author Erik Pallin’s Kaparkaptenen på Emden: Romantiserad skildring från det stora världskriget 1914 (The Privateer Captain of Emden: Romanticized Depiction from the Great World War in 1914) was published in December 1914. It is not only one of the first Swedish youth novels about the war, but also one of the most intriguing as the tension between reality and fiction is particularly strong in Pallin’s novel. It tells the story of the German cruiser Emden whose raids in the Indian Ocean attracted much attention from journalists and authors. The article investigates how Pallin depicted the war for his young readers, focusing on the relationship between fact and fiction. The analysis shows that Pallin, much like the journalists reporting on Emden, transforms Emden’s warfare into heroic adventure tales and portrays Emden’s captain as a charismatic hero who symbolizes the male ideal of the time. The analysis concludes that Kaparkaptenen på Emden to some extent can be considered a “newsreel novel” (Paris), but that Pallin also romanticizes Emden’s warfare to appeal to his young readers. Rather than depicting the atrocities of real-life war, Pallin presents the war as an adventure with idyllic, romantic, and comical elements. The novel’s happy ending, with the war coming to an end, suggests that Pallin wished to take a stance against the war, but it can also be read as a strategy used to appeal to his young audience by offering them a story of hope.
Iterative methods for monotone nonexpansive mappings in uniformly convex spaces
Authors: Shukla Rahul , Wiśnicki Andrzej
Published: June 2021

We show the nonlinear ergodic theorem for monotone 1-Lipschitz mappings in uniformly convex spaces: if C is a bounded closed convex subset of an ordered uniformly convex space (X, ∣·∣, ⪯), T:C → C a monotone 1-Lipschitz mapping and x ⪯ T(x), then the sequence of averages

1
n

∑

i
=
0

n
−
1

T

i

(
x
)

$ \frac{1}{n}\sum\nolimits_{i=0}^{n-1}T^{i}(x) $

converges weakly to a fixed point of T. As a consequence, it is shown that the sequence of Picard’s iteration {T

n
(x)} also converges weakly to a fixed point of T. The results are new even in a Hilbert space. The Krasnosel’skiĭ-Mann and the Halpern iteration schemes are studied as well.
Partial regularity of stable solutions to the fractional Geľfand-Liouville equation
Authors: Hyder Ali , Yang Wen
Published: June 2021

We analyze stable weak solutions to the fractional Geľfand problem

(
−

Δ

)
s

u
=

e
u

i
n

Ω

⊂

R

n

.

$$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle (-{\it\Delta})^su = e^u\quad\mathrm{in}\quad {\it\Omega}\subset\mathbb{R}^n.
\end{array}$$

We prove that the dimension of the singular set is at most n − 10s.
Expert Panels with Selective Investigation
Authors: Gong Qiang , Yang Huanxing
Published: June 2021

In a model of information disclosure with multiple experts we compare homogeneous panels and diverse panels. The distinguishing feature of our model is selective investigation: there are multiple aspects relevant to decision making and each expert can strategically choose some aspects to investigate. We show that homogeneous panels lead to unbalanced investigation and unbalanced action, while under diverse panels both investigations and actions are balanced. In most circumstances, diverse panels perform better than homogeneous panels.
Basic Income Experiments: Expanding the Debate on UBI and Reciprocity
Authors: Neves Catarina
Published: June 2021

The paper highlights the need to discuss the norm of reciprocity in the context of basic income experiments. Considering how the norm of reciprocity is an important objection to basic income, both at a normative level, but also in empirical discussions, a case is made for considering it in basic income experiments. The paper proposes several hypotheses on basic income and reciprocity and concludes with two distinct points: the first is focused on what in fact experiments could be telling us about behaviours that seem relevant to reciprocity, and how this could enhance our understanding of both basic income and the norm of reciprocity. The second point is a reflection on how our theoretical debate is shaped on ideal settings, whereas experiments take place in real-world conditions, hence non-ideal ones. This reflection might contribute to the need to reframe our theoretical account of the norm of reciprocity.
Size-based Degradation of Therapeutic Proteins - Mechanisms, Modelling and Control
Authors: Bansal Rohit , Jha Saurabh Kumar , Jha Niraj Kumar
Published: June 2021

Protein therapeutics are in great demand due to their effectiveness towards hard-to-treat diseases. Despite their high demand, these bio-therapeutics are very susceptible to degradation via aggregation, fragmentation, oxidation, and reduction, all of which are very likely to affect the quality and efficacy of the product. Mechanisms and modelling of these degradation (aggregation and fragmentation) pathways is critical for gaining a deeper understanding of stability of these products. This review aims to provide a summary of major developments that have occurred towards unravelling the mechanisms of size-based protein degradation (particularly aggregation and fragmentation), modelling of these size-based degradation pathways, and their control. Major caveats that remain in our understanding and control of size-based protein degradation have also been presented and discussed.
Harmonization status of procalcitonin measurements: what do comparison studies and EQA schemes tell us?
Authors: Huynh Huu-Hien , Bœuf Amandine , Pfannkuche Jens , Schuetz Philipp , Thelen Marc , Nordin Gunnar , van der Hagen Eline , Kaiser Patricia , Kesseler Dagmar , Badrick Tony , Poggi Bernard , Tiikkainen Ulla , Davies Gareth J , Kessler Anja , Plebani Mario , Vinh Joëlle , Delatour Vincent
Published: June 2021

Sepsis represents a global health priority because of its high mortality and morbidity. The key to improving prognosis remains an early diagnosis to initiate appropriate antibiotic treatment. Procalcitonin (PCT) is a recognized biomarker for the early indication of bacterial infections and a valuable tool to guide and individualize antibiotic treatment. To meet the increasing demand for PCT testing, numerous PCT immunoassays have been developed and commercialized, but results have been questioned. Many comparison studies have been carried out to evaluate analytical performance and comparability of results provided by the different commercially available immunoassays for PCT, but results are conflicting. External Quality Assessment Schemes (EQAS) for PCT constitute another way to evaluate results comparability. However, when making this comparison, it must be taken into account that the variety of EQA materials consist of different matrices, the commutability of which has not yet been investigated. The present study gathers results from all published comparison studies and results from 137 EQAS surveys to describe the current state-of-the-art harmonization of PCT results. Comparison studies globally highlight a significant variability of measurement results that nonetheless seem to have a moderate impact on medical decision-making. For their part, EQAS for PCT provides highly discrepant estimates of the interlaboratory CV. Due to differences in commutability of the EQA materials, the results from different peer groups could not be compared. To improve the informative value of the EQA data, the existing limitations such as non-harmonized conditions and suboptimal and/or unknown commutability of the EQA materials have to be overcome. The study highlights the need for commutable reference materials that could be used to properly evaluate result comparability and possibly standardize calibration, if necessary. Such an initiative would further improve the safe use of PCT in clinical routine.
The effects of Berberis vulgaris L. root extract on the opiate withdrawal syndrome and psychological factors: a randomized double-blind clinical trial
Authors: Dabaghzadeh Fatemeh , Sharififar Fariba , Ahmadzadeh Amir-Mohammad , Karami-Mohajeri Somayyeh
Published: June 2021

Objectives

In this clinical trial, the effect of aqueous extract of Berberis vulgaris L. was investigated on opiate withdrawal syndrome, depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep quality in opioid addicts which were under methadone maintenance therapy.

Methods

For this purpose, 52 opiate addicts were randomly selected of whom 28 received 500 mg capsules of B. vulgaris extract (treatment) and the rest received 500 mg of starch capsules (placebo), twice daily for 4 weeks. Signs and symptoms of opiate withdrawal syndrome, depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep quality were assessed through Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) questionnaires at baseline and after 7, 14, and 28 days of receiving intervention.

Results

Signs and symptoms of opiate withdrawal syndrome were significantly improved in those who received the extract for 1 month compared to the placebo group. However, there were no significant differences in depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep quality scores in the treatment group compared to those in the placebo group.

Conclusions

The extract of B. vulgaris root as a traditional herbal product in combination with methadone could improve the symptoms and signs of opiate withdrawal.
Clinical characteristics and treatment patterns with histrelin acetate subcutaneous implants vs. leuprolide injections in children with precocious puberty: a real-world study using a US claims database
Authors: Silverman Lawrence A. , Han Xu , Huang Huan , Near Aimee M. , Hu Yiqun
Published: June 2021

Objectives

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs are the treatment of choice for central precocious puberty (CPP). This study characterizes patients treated with histrelin implant or leuprolide injection.

Methods

A US claims database was used to identify patients aged ≤20 years with ≥1 histrelin or leuprolide claim (index treatment) between April 2010 and November 2017 and continuous enrollment ≥3 months before and ≥12 months after the index treatment date.

Results

Overall, 4,217 patients (histrelin, n=1,001; leuprolide, n=3,216) were identified. The percentage of patients with CPP diagnosis was greater in the histrelin (96.5%) vs. leuprolide (68.8%; p<0.0001) cohort. In patients with CPP (histrelin, n=966; leuprolide, n=2,214), mean age at treatment initiation was similar for histrelin (9.0 ± 2.0 years) and leuprolide (9.1 ± 2.3 years), with >50% of patients aged 6–9 years. Mean treatment duration was significantly longer for histrelin (26.7 ± 14.8 months) vs. leuprolide (14.1 ± 12.1 months; p<0.0001), and was longer in younger patient groups. More patients switched from leuprolide to histrelin (12.3%) than vice versa (3.6%; p<0.0001). Median annual total treatment costs were slightly lower for the histrelin cohort ($23,071 [interquartile range, $16,833–$31,050]) than the leuprolide cohort ($27,021 [interquartile range, $18,314–$34,995]; p<0.0001).

Conclusions

Patients with CPP treated with histrelin had a longer duration of treatment, lower rates of index treatment discontinuation, and lower annual treatment costs vs. those treated with leuprolide.
Analysis of Doppler reactivity of SMART reactor core for hybrid fuel configurations of UO2, MOX and (Th/U)O2 using OpenMC
Authors: Alzahrani Y. , Mehboob K. , Abolaban F. A. , Younis H.
Published: June 2021

In this study, the Doppler reactivity coefficient has been investigated for UO2, MOX, and (Th/U)O2 fuel types. The calculation has been carried out using the Monte Carlo method ( OpenMC). The effective multiplication factor keff has been evaluated for three materials with four different configurations without Integral Fuel Burnable Absorber (IFBA) rods and soluble boron. The results of MOX fuel, homogenous and heterogeneous thorium fuel configuration has been compared with the core of the reference fuel assembly (UO2). The calculation showed that the effective multiplication factor at 1 000 K was 1.26052, 1.14254, 1.22018 and 1.23771 for reference core, MOX, homogenous and heterogeneous configurations respectively. The results shows that reactivity has decreased with increasing temperature while the doppler reactivity coefficient remained negative. Moreover, the use of (Th/U)O2 homogenous and heterogeneous configuration had shown an improved response compared to the reference core at 600 K and 1 000 K. The doppler reactivity coefficient has been found as –8.98E-3 pcm/K, -0.8 655 pcmK for the homogenous and –8.854 pcm/K, -1.2253 pcm/K for the heterogeneous configuration. However, the pattern remained the same as for the reference core at other temperature points. MOX fuel has shown less response compared to the other fuel configuration because of the high resonance absorption coefficient of Plutonium. This study showed that the SMART reactor could be operated safely with investigated fuel and models.
Investigation of effects of nonavailability of passive safety systems on the reactor behaviour during LOCA Scenario in AP600
Authors: Abdel-Latif S. H. , Refaey A. M.
Published: June 2021

The AP600 is a Westinghouse Advanced Passive PWR with a two–loop 1 940 MWt. This reactor is equipped with advanced passive safety systems which are designed to operate automatically at desired set-points. On the other hand, the failure or nonavailability to operate of any of the passive safety systems may affect reactor safety. In this study, modeling and nodalization of primary and secondary loops, and all passive reactor cooling systems are conducted and a 10-inch cold leg break LOCA is analyzed using ATHLET 3.1A Code. During loss of coolant accident in which the passive safety system failure or nonavailability are considered, four different scenarios are assumed. Scenario 1 with the availability of all passive systems, scenario 2 is failure of one of the accumulators to activate, scenario 3 is without actuation of the automatic depressurization system (ADS) stages 1–3, and scenario 4 is without actuation of ADS stage 4. Results indicated that the actuation of passive safety systems provide sufficient core cooling and thus could mitigate the accidental consequence of LOCAs. Failure of one accumulator during LOCA causes early actuation of ADS and In-Containment Refueling Water Storage Tank (IRWST). In scenario 3 where the LOCA without ADS stages 1–3 actuations, the depressurization of the primary system is relatively slow and the level of the core coolant drops much earlier than IRWST actuation. In scenario 4 where the accident without ADS stage-4 activation, results in slow depressurization and the level of the core coolant drops earlier than IRWST injection. During the accident process, the core uncovery and fuel heat up did not happen and as a result the safety of AP600 during a 10-in. cold leg MBLOCA was established. The relation between the cladding surface temperature and the primary pressure with the actuation signals of the passive safety systems are compared with that of RELAP5/Mode 3.4 code and a tolerable agreement was obtained.
Corrosion surveillance program for tank, fuel cladding and supporting structure of 30 MW Indonesian RSG GAS research reactor
Authors: Sunaryo G. R. , Kusumastuti R. , Sriyono
Published: June 2021

The objective of this research is to understand the condition of the structural material of the 30 MW RSG-GAS research reactor as input for the aging management program. Furthermore, this should enable a prediction of the remaining life of the components. In the current experiment, corrosion surveillance was carried out at Interim Storage for Spent Fuel (ISSF), that has similar water quality as in reactor pool by using a corrosion probe which is made of aluminum alloy and stainless steel. The probe set is designed to understand the effect of water quality in the ISSF pond. The corrosion processes observed were pitting, crevice and galvanic corrosion. Two sets of corrosion probes were immersed into the ISSF pool in 2007, hanging by steel wire, 1-meter height from the bottom surface. One probe set consists of horizontal and vertical positions. The soaking time was 7 years. The observations made were water chemical content, corrosion rate and visual analysis, macro and micro. For macro visual observations an optical microscope was used, for micro-observations SEM-EDX. From the results of macro-observations, information on the presence of galvanic corrosion, crevice and pitting was obtained. SEM-EDX provides information on the influence of chloride ions on corrosion products. This experience will be very useful in dealing with the aging process of Indonesia’s nuclear power plants in the future.
Simulation of turbulent mixing rate in simulated subchannels of a reactor rod bundle
Authors: Sharma M. P. , Moharana A.
Published: June 2021

Subchannel analysis codes are widely used for the thermal-hydraulic design of nuclear reactor rod bundle. The effectiveness of subchannel analysis codes depends on turbulent mixing between these subchannels. Turbulent mixing has no direct contribution to the axial mass flow rate through subchannel but it will cause exchange of momentum and energy between the neighboring subchannels. Thus, it is important to evaluate the turbulent mixing coefficient for reactor rod bundle as it is a significant factor in the lateral energy and momentum equation for subchannel analysis codes like COBRA IIIC, COBRA-IV and MATRA LMR-FB.

With the rapid developments in computational fluid dynamics and computer performance, three-dimensional analyses of turbulent flows occurring in the nuclear rod bundle have become more prominent. Several numerical analyses have already been attempted to investigate the flow behavior in rod bundles of different reactors. Much of these are dedicated to find out the structure of turbulence in rod bundle but a few analyses has been done to evaluate the magnitude of the turbulent mixing coefficient. In view of this, CFD analyses were carried out to determine the turbulent mixing coefficient in the simulated sub-channels of the reactor rod bundle. Previous studies on the structure of turbulence reveals that it is highly anisotropic. Hence, the Reynolds Stress Model (RSM), finer mesh and near wall distance ( y + ≤ 2) is required to capture turbulent mixing phenomena. The validation of results is done by comparing with subchannel mixing experiments.
Effect of gap design pressure on the LWR fuel rods lifetime
Authors: Ghasabian M. , Mofidnakhaei F. , Talebi S.
Published: June 2021

The fuel burn-up rate has been raised in recent years to improve the efficiency of nuclear LWRs (light water reactors). Therefore, surveying and estimating changes in fuel properties and structural materials during radiation exposure is of paramount importance. In the present study, the researchers focused on analyzing the role of LWR fuel rod initial gap pressure (initial gas pressure when a fuel rod is fabricated) on the rod’s thermal and mechanical performance. FRAPCON-4.0 steady-state fuel performance code was used to simulate the effect of initial gap pressure on the behavior of a specific BWR-type fuel rod that was irradiated under the HALDEN research program. This fuel rod is similar to commercial BWR fuel rods in all respects, except that the research reactors have a height limit. The important fuel design criteria, such as the centerline temperature, effective stresses, total released fission gas to the fuel rod’s void volumes, and the cladding strains, were included in the analysis. According to the present study, a potential initial gap pressure range could be suggested to increase fuel rods’ lifetime by improving the safety criteria margins, especially fuel centerline temperature and the released amount of gaseous fission products. As we know, lower fuel temperature leads to having a reactor with a higher power density and, consequently, a maximum fuel burn-up rate, which can affect the economy and safety of nuclear power plants.
Study of PWR hot leg creep rupture and RCS depressurization strategy during an SBO accident
Authors: Wu L. , Miao H. , Yu P. , Huang Z. , Zheng J. , Li J. , Zhai Z. , Jia T.
Published: June 2021

Preventing the leakage of radioactive materials is important to nuclear safety. During a station blackout accident in pressurized water reactors, the hot leg creep rupture caused by hot leg countercurrent flow occurs before the reactor pressure vessel failure that caused by lower head rupture. The secondary fission products barrier is lost after hot leg creep rupture. An analysis for this phenomenon was done using the Modular Accident Analysis Program version 4.0.4 code. A station blackout accident for CPR1000 is simulated and the occurrence and influence of hot leg creep rupture phenomenon are analyzed in detail. After that, a sensitivity analysis of the opening of different pressurizer pilot-operated relief valves at five minutes after entering severe accident management guideline (before the hot leg creep rupture occurs) is studied. The results show that reactor pressure vessel failure time can be extended by at least 4 h if at least one pilot-operated relief valve is opened and direct containment heating phenomenon can be eliminated if at least two pilot-operated relief valves are opened.
“This Nothing of a Voice”: Kafka’s Josefine Narrative as a Modern Reflection on Revelation and Language
Authors: Greiner Bernhard
Published: June 2021

In reference to the paradoxical classification of art in Kafka’s Josefine story, religious aspects of the artist’s performances and their effect on the audience are scrutinized. The leading question is to what extent it evokes an allusion to the primal scene of divine revelation, following Stéphane Mosès’ commentary in his readings of the Bible. Josefine’s singing with a “nothing of a voice”, reduced to “the slightest of nullities”, the zero-point of signification, nevertheless affects an experience of presence and community that touches the listeners’ entire being. From the perspective of the artist, her song recitals are manifestations of supreme art of which she claims a soteriological significance in respect of her audience who belongs in Kafka’s portrayal obviously to the Jewish people. Around such a tension between maximal restraint of an utterance (the voice onset of the aleph of the word anokhi/I) and all-encompassing meaning (the name of God and all Commandments whose acceptance is constitutive for the Jewish people) circle the theological exegeses of the Sinai-scene (esp. Ex. 20,1) in the tradition of Rashi and Maimonides, in modernity e.g. of Gershom Scholem in dispute with Walter Benjamin on Kafka. It will be shown that the depicted paradoxes of Josefine’s art performances unfold the mentioned tension as an original literary reflection on revelation and language under the conditions of modernity.
Widerruf: “Revocation” – On Hans Mayer and Stéphane Mosès
Authors: Goebel Eckart
Published: June 2021

The article provides a brief overview on Hans Mayer’s life and work and his several stays in Jerusalem and with Stéphane Mosès.
Narrentum and Being-Jewish: Kafka and Benjamin
Authors: Shahar Galili
Published: June 2021

This essay examines the notion of Narrentum (foolishness) in Franz Kafka’s writings, reflecting Walter Benjamin’s engagement with the legacy of Kafka’s fools. The Narr, associated with playfulness, irony, and resistance, provides a comic perspective on the question of being-Jewish. Alongside its Germanic, mostly Baroque, heritage, the Narr incorporates traditional Jewish tropes, primarily rooted in Aggadic traditions. However, in Kafka’s world, the Narr embodies performative skills also linked to Yiddish theatre. In Benjamin’s readings, Kafka’s Narr is associated with the crisis of modern Judaism and with different modes of wisdom. The Narr signifies particular sorts of nihilistic freedom, which Benjamin refers to as redemptive.
H’arut: A Jewish Reading of Kafka’s In the Penal Colony
Authors: Schonfeld Eli
Published: June 2021

This article offers a close reading of Kafka’s In the Penal Colony, exploring the text as a radical reflection on the nature of modernity in general, and Jewish modernity in particular. The article posits that In the Penal Colony is a meditation on the relation between suffering, transgression and law. For Kafka, where modernity is understood as the incapacity of linking suffering and transgression (sin), the old order is one where the relationship between suffering and transgression is understood as fundamental, and functions as a principle of readability of reality. For the ancients, it is this readability that endows the law with meaning and validity. By integrating parts of Foucault’s thesis’ on modernity as elaborated in Discipline and Punish with this analysis of In the Penal Colony, this article situates Kafka’s text in the context of his literature in general, positing that it is the key text to understanding his oeuvre. In addition, this article offers an original reflection on one of the hidden themes of Kafka’s work: the crisis of the modern Jew.
Crystal structure of 2-bromo-1,3,6,8-tetramethylBOPHY (BOPHY = bis(difluoroboron)-1,2-bis((1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)hydrazine), C14H15B2BrF4N4
Authors: He Weifeng , Liu Yingfan , Sun Saisai , Ji Guangqian , Li Xiaochuan
Published: June 2021

C14H15B2BrF4N4, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 11.970(1) Å, b = 10.049(1) Å, c = 27.847(1) Å, V = 3349.6 Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0697, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1585, T = 296 K.

CCDC no.: 2080820
The crystal structure of aqua-bis(6-chloropicolinato-κ2
N,O)copper(II), C12H8Cl2N2O5Cu
Authors: Zhang Zhongyu , Tong Mingqiong , Liu Yanling
Published: June 2021

C12H8Cl2N2O5Cu, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P‾{1}$

(no. 2), a = 6.800(2) Å, b = 9.086(3) Å, c = 11.363(4) Å, α = 86.701(6)°, β = 84.830(5)°, γ = 77.353(5)°, V = 681.7(4) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0250, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0655, T = 296(2) K.
Microstructure, Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of UNS 32205 Duplex Stainless Steel Weldment Joints by Multipass FCAW
Authors: Kisasoz A. , Tümer M. , Karaaslan A.
Published: June 2021

In this study, the effect of multipass welding on the microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties of the UNS 32205 duplex stainless steels (DSS) is investigated. The UNS 32205 DSS is welded in 3 or 7 passes by flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) using E2209 T1 – 1/4 flux cored wire. The weldments are characterized by light optical microscopy (LOM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Feritscope analysis, Charpy impact tests and electrochemical corrosion tests. The results suggest that the multipass FCAW process induces the formation of γ2 in the weld seam. The mechanical and the corrosion properties of the weld joints are affected by the heat input variation and the phase transformations. Especially, the formation of the γ2 in the weld seam results in a decrease in the corrosion resistance of the joint samples.
Failure Analysis of a High Voltage Feedthrough of Indus-2 Synchrotron Radiation Source
Authors: Gupta R. K. , Ittoop M. O. , Rai S. K. , Singh R. , Singh M. K. , Ganesh P. , Kaul R.
Published: June 2021

In this paper, a failure analysis of a high voltage feedthrough of the Indus 2 synchrotron radiation source which brought about venting of the vacuum chamber is discussed. A detailed failure analysis demonstrated that the main cause responsible for the failure of the feedthrough was high humidity in the atmosphere surrounding the feedthrough assembly, which resulted in the corrosion of CuSil braze filler alloy at the ground terminal and also caused flashover between positive (+) and ground terminals. Thermal cycling of the insulator due to flashover resulted in spalling of glazed surface layer and assisted crack propagation from the flashover-generated surface defects. The remedial measures recommended to avoid similar failure include: thorough cleaning of feedthrough and its connectors before installation, use gasket-type sealing in the protective cover of the connector on the air side, use of metallic tubes in place of polyurethane cooling water tubes and design change of feedthrough to shift brazed joint to vacuum side.
Effect of gamma irradiation processing on total phenol and antioxidant capacities of the Iranian extract ofpropolis
Authors: Heidarieh Marzieh , Chakoli Ali Nabipour , Shahbazi Samira , Shawrang Parvin , Zhang Baode
Published: June 2021

The Iranian ethalonic extract of propolis (EEP) were analyzed to determine their antioxidant activities and total phenolic and flavonoid contents, with and without gamma irradiation processing under various dosage of gamma (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kGy). The analysis results show that the gamma irradiated EEP at 10 KGy can scavenge free radicals and exhibit higher antioxidant-reducing power to the other groups (P < 0.05). It is noted that gamma irradiated EEP has higher total phenolic contents compared to gamma irradiated EEP at 30, 40 and 50 KGy and non-irradiated EEP (P < 0.05). The flavonoid compounds as indicated by C-13 NMR analysis were found to be higher in gamma irradiated EEP at 10 kGy compared with the other groups. In conclusion, gamma irradiation processing of EEP causes can enhanced antioxidant activities phenolic and flavonoid compounds at dose of 10 KGy.
The importance of sPD-1, sOX40L and sGITR in terms of clinicopathology and histopathology in gastric cancer
Authors: Horozoglu Cem , Sonmez Dilara , Kucukhuseyin Ozlem , Demirkol Seyda , Hakan Mehmet Tolgahan , Arikan Soykan , Yaylim İlhan
Published: June 2021

Objectives

Immunoregulatory GITR, OX40L and PD-1 molecules play an active role in the regulation of tumor microenvironment and have been shown in many cancer types. However, there are limited studies of these molecules in terms of gastric cancer. In our study, we aimed to determine the histopathological significance of sPD-1, sOX40L and sGITR levels in gastric cancer cases.

Methods

Serum samples were obtained from peripheral blood samples of 20 gastric cancer and 34 healthy controls and candidate biomarker levels were determined by ELISA.

Results

sGITR level was found to be 48.28 ± 2.66 pg/mL in the gastric cancers and 39.19 ± 2.01 pg/mL in the controls (p=0.014). sOX40L level was 6.13 ± 0.64 pg/mL in the patients and 8.68 ± 0.99 pg/mL in the control, and the sOX40L level was found to be 1.41 times higher in the control group compared to the patients (p=0.033). sGITR levels of signet-ring cell carcinoma were found to be higher than other adenocarcinomas (p=0.04). There was no difference between groups in sPD-1 (p=0.490).

Conclusions

We suggest that sGITR, sOX40L and molecules may play a role in tumor microenvironment regulation and histological type in gastric cancer.
Stochastic thermodynamics of a finite quantum system coupled to a heat bath
Authors: Schmidt Heinz-Jürgen , Schnack Jürgen , Gemmer Jochen
Published: June 2021

We consider a situation where an N-level system (NLS) is coupled to a heat bath without being necessarily thermalized. For this situation, we derive general Jarzynski-type equations and conclude that heat and entropy is flowing from the hot bath to the cold NLS and, vice versa, from the hot NLS to the cold bath. The Clausius relation between increase of entropy and transfer of heat divided by a suitable temperature assumes the form of two inequalities which have already been considered in the literature. Our approach is illustrated by an analytical example.
Facile decoration of CdS nanoparticles on TiO2: robust photocatalytic activity under LED illumination
Authors: Fatolah Maryam , Khayati Gholam Reza
Published: June 2021

A facile approach is presented to obtain visible-light-active TiO2/CdS nanocomposites with visible-light photocatalytic activity. Ordered nanospheres of TiO2 (with anatase as the main crystalline phase) were synthesized using evaporation-induced self-assembly (EIS) with P123 block polymer without any hazardous additives. Then, a rapid microwave (MW) protocol was used to obtain visible-light-absorbing nanocomposites between TiO2 and CdS in just 10 s. Based on Rietveld refinements of X-ray diffractrograms and elemental analysis it was found that nanoparticles of CdS are mainly decorated between the nanospheres of TiO2, which can simultaneously improve light absorption and suppress the unwanted photo-corrosion effects. The prepared nanocomposites were put to test for the removal of malachite green as a model pollutant from aqueous media under irradiation. The results revealed, that excessive loading results in unwanted surface covering and less than ideal activity, but for the sample with optimized loading, about 86 and 77% of the pollutant was degraded after 100 min of illumination at room temperature under the xenon short-arc and LED illumination, respectively.
Physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics of probiotic Bulgarian yoghurts obtained by ultrafiltration of goat’s milk
Authors: Dushkova Mariya , Kodinova Siyka , Denkova Zapryana , Yanakieva Velichka , Menkov Nikolay Dimitrov
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the microbiological (number of viable lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria), physicochemical (dry matter, protein and fat contents, titratable acidity, and pH), and sensory characteristics (appearance of coagulum, taste and aroma, structure at cutting, color, and consistency at shattering) of probiotic Bulgarian yoghurts obtained by ultrafiltration of goat’s milk. These yoghurts were obtained using volume reduction ratios of 2 and 3 with the probiotic starters MZ2f, MZ2f + Bifidobacterium bifidum BB – 87, and MZ2f + Lactobacillus acidophilus LAB – 8. The increase in the level of the concentration by ultrafiltration led to an increase in the dry matter, protein and fat contents of the yoghurts, in the number of lactic acid bacteria and titratable acidity, and to a decrease in the pH. The twofold concentration by ultrafiltration resulted in a higher number of lactic acid bacteria in comparison with yoghurts made without ultrafiltration, and with better sensory characteristics compared to yoghurts without and with threefold ultrafiltration. The higher number of viable cells and better sensory characteristics were obtained for yoghurts with MZ2f + Bifidobacterium bifidum BB – 87 and MZ2f + Lactobacillus acidophilus LAB – 8 in comparison with MZ2f alone.
A critical study of the effects of flame retardancy on different knit fabrics
Authors: Alam Sheikh Sha
Published: June 2021

A novel flame retardant especially Pekoflam HFC was synthesized to improve the flame retardancy of fabric. Pekoflam HFC is especially suitable for flame retardant back coatings of synthetic fibre based home textiles and high-performance technical textiles. The flame retardancy of the samples was characterized by the spray method and the vertical burning test. The results indicated that the flame retardant had excellent flame retardancy and durability for cellulosic fabrics. The cotton knit fabric treated with Pekoflam HFC obtained the optimum flame retardancy with the decreased char length. Combustion behaviors of treated cotton fabric were tested by manual observation. After treatment, it found that the ignition time increased, and the values of total heat release, heat release rate and mass loss decreased. The strength and durability of treated fabric were studied by tear force test and washing durability test, respectively.
Governance of safety and security programs the use of nuclear technology in Indonesia
Authors: Maharani Maya Dewi Dyah , Mellawati June
Published: June 2021

In the framework of the 4.0 Industrial Era that focuses on technological advances in the present, nuclear technology for peaceful purposes by promoting safety and security of workers and the public and its environment becomes very important. In the use of nuclear technology, safety and security governance are important things to be aware of because expectations and reality are often not appropriate. The purpose of research is to formulate the governance of safety and security programs of the use of nuclear technology in Indonesia by understanding the interaction and contextual relationships 3 elements of purpose, constraints and institutional, and identifying sub-elements that have High power drivers and low dependence. It is necessary as an alternative material in the preparation of regulation and nuclear safety facing the Industrial Era 4.0. The method used is the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) analysis. ISM analysis is intended to illustrate the structure of the nuclear technology safety and security governance Program. The research results of the key purpose elements are the safety assurance of workers, communities and the environment. To achieve these key objectives, elements of key constraints are weak in the implementation of occupational safety culture and have not been in fact dissemination of the implementation of nuclear technology in the general public. A key institutional element that is involved in the implementation of the safety and security management program of nuclear technology is the National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN). Data processing results of expert opinion is the consistency of 93-100%.
Pentecostal Theological Education
Authors: Frestadius Simo
Published: June 2021

Pentecostalism has a mixed history with theological education. The movement has been shaped by a strong current of anti-intellectualism, but it has also established and supported training institutions from its inception. This article briefly maps out the historical development of Western classical Pentecostal theological education and proposes that many of the existing challenges and tensions have been caused by the movement’s uncritical adoption of Fundamentalist theological norms and a “pick and mix” approach to theological training. This has resulted in incoherences in Pentecostal education, and has also polarized academic theology and the work of the Holy Spirit. The article argues that a coherent Pentecostal theological education should be informed by Pentecostal philosophical determinants. After outlining Pentecostal metaphysics, epistemology and teleology, the article proposes seven theses for Pentecostal theological education in late-modernity. The educational vision that emerges is characterized by holism and a pluralistic Pentecostal hermeneutic.
Dreadlocks in the Church of Pentecost
Authors: Prempeh Charles
Published: June 2021

This paper discusses a controversy about the acceptance of dreadlocks that arose in the Church of Pentecost (CoP) in 2010. Based in Ghana and espousing a strong holiness ethics, the church had for many years held fast to a condescending rejection of people with locked hair. Originally, this was justified with the association of dreadlocks with “paganism” and mental illnesses. Later, Rastafarianism re-signified dreadlocks as a symbol for yet another religion with which Pentecostalism had no common ground. Yet, through its association with African nationalism and anti colonialism, Rastafarianism also prepared the integration of dreadlocks into broader Ghanaian culture, where they became something of a fashion trend. It was now, and with a missiological motive, that the church started to make overtures toward people with dreadlocks. Under the chairmanship of Opoku Onyinah, the church issued a reform that allowed persons with dreadlocks to freely worship with the church, and in 2015 a special convention was held for people with locked hair. The reform and the convention met a sustained backlash that threatened to split apart the CoP. Relying on ethnographic data collected in Ghana in 2019, this paper traces the cultural and theological reasons for the contention that surrounded the acceptance of dreadlocks in the CoP. The argument is that the challenge facing the CoP is not so much in choreographing a break with the past, but how to uphold a clearly demarcated difference from the “modern world,” a difference that is demanded by holiness born-again theology but is in constant need of adjustment as church seeks to remain relevant in its mission to young people while cultural significations shift.
Migration and Global Pentecostalism in the Greater Stockholm Area
Authors: Aronson Torbjörn
Published: June 2021

Today, roughly 25 per cent of the Swedish population have their immediate roots in a foreign country. In the largest metropolitan area of Sweden, Greater Stockholm, the figure is 33 per cent, and it is even larger in the two other major cities, Gothenburg (35%) and Malmö (44%). This remarkable demographic shift is necessarily influencing the religious landscape. While one major part of the immigration to Sweden is Muslim, the greater number of the immigrants are of a Christian background. Among these, Orthodox and Catholic immigrants from the Middle East have attracted greater attention, while immigrants with a Pentecostal Charismatic affiliation have often been overlooked. This is unwarranted, because the Pentecostal-Charismatic migrants churches are growing rapidly, both in number and in adherents. This is especially the case in Greater Stockholm. Based on original surveys by the author, this article explores migrant Pentecostal churches in Greater Stockholm, presenting their numerical growth, discussing their ethnic and cultural backgrounds as well as their theological orientation, and presenting an analysis of their sociological character in relation to their geographical location. This survey calls into question the stereotypes of Sweden as the epitome of secularization and of its urban centres being “tombs for religion”.
BUTLER, Melvin L. Island Gospel: Pentecostal Music and Identity in Jamaica and the United States.
Authors: Muir Pauline
Published: June 2021

BUTLER, Melvin L. Island Gospel: Pentecostal Music and Identity in Jamaica and the United States. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2019. 224pp. ISBN: 9780252084720. Pbk. $25.00.
Assessing SO2, NO2 and O3 in rural areas of the North West Province
Authors: Morongoa Ngoasheng Morongoa , Beukes Johan Paul , Van Zyl Pieter G. , Swartz Jan -S. , Loate Victor , Krisjan Portia , Mpambani Sandile , Kulmala Markku , Vakkari Ville , Laakso Lauri
Published: June 2021

Air quality monitoring has been lacking in the rural and western North West Province. Here ambient sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) concentrations, monitored with passive samplers at 10 sites, are presented. Widespread SO2 and NO2 problems weren’t observed. However, regular O3 standard limit exceedances are likely across the province. Increased SO2 and NO2 concentrations in the colder and drier months were evident. Inversion layer trapping of low-level emissions during the colder months and open biomass burning in the drier months increased ground level pollutant concentrations. Wet deposition of SO2 and NO2, and enhanced SO2 conversion to particulate sulphate, result in lower wet season concentrations. O3 concentrations were lower from May to July and higher from August to March. Three phenomena contributed to this. Firstly, shorter daylight hours (less photochemistry) and secondly, lower biogenic volatile organic compound (O3 precursors) concentrations during the colder months. Thirdly, the late winter/early spring open biomass burning peak lead to elevated carbon monoxide (CO) concentration (also an O3 precursor). Spatial patterns indicated higher SO2 concentrations in the west, due mainly to industrial emissions. The NO2 spatial map indicated two areas of higher concentration, i.e. Bapong in the east due mainly to industrial emissions, and Taung with its higher population density. The O3 spatial map was almost the inverse of NO2. The lower O3 and higher NO2 around Taung showed that O3 is titrated there. Additionally, the results indicate that non-point source emissions of NO2 are high enough to results in exceedances of the O3 standard limit. Overlay back trajectory maps showed that sites in the east are more frequently impacted by pollution transported from the Mpumalanga Highveld, Vaal Triangle and the Johannesburg-Pretoria megacity if compared to the west. Conversely, cleaner air masses impact the west more than sites in the east.
Slums of Southeast Asia: The Case of Manila, Philippines
Authors: YULU Adem
Published: June 2021

Manila is a former colonial capital where people live together by working in informal trading businesses within a quite unfavourable ambience. Manila, which is the focus of the country's political, economic, and cultural life, has recently grown spatially and demographically, especially with new migrations from different parts of the country. The lands in Manila, which were once vacant, are today largely filled with different urban areas. At the beginning they were slums which were used for housing and informal commerce. These areas, classified as unfavourable and unhealthy for human settlement, emerged with the support of certain political and economic forces using administrative gaps. The government of the Philippines is also incapable of dealing with uncontrollable urban problems. This paper focuses on slums in Manila, which are in one of the main metropolises of Southeast Asia. Its purpose is therefore to reveal the occurrence of slum districts and the dynamics that were effective in their recent demolition. During the study, an ethnographic method which was predominantly based on observation was used. Primary data collection tools used for the purposes of this study were participant observation, ethnographic interviews and documents. In the light of the data obtained from this research study, the fact that there is a significant relationship between migration from the countryside to Manila and internal migration flows resulting from urban transformation projects and the rapid demographic and spatial growth of Manila was revealed. It also revealed that the demand of the society for luxurious residential areas, shopping malls, entertainment venues, hotels, and business centres has increased since the 2000s and this situation caused the removal of slums in Manila as part of "urban transformation projects”.
Dinamik Geometri Yazılımları Kullanımının Öğrencilerin Başarısına Ve Öğrenmelerin Kalıcılığına Etkileri
Authors: YAHSİ SARI Hasibe
Published: June 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı, ilköğretim 7.sınıf matematik öğretimi programına ait “dönüşüm geometrisi” alt öğrenme alanının öğretiminde, Geometer’s Sketchpad (GSP) ve GeoGebra (GGB) dinamik geometri yazılımlarının kullanımının akademik başarıya ve öğrenmelerin kalıcılığına etkilerini incelemektir. Araştırmanın modeli ön-test ve son-test kontrol gruplu deneysel desendir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Yozgat’ta bir devlet okulunda öğrenim gören deney (N=48) grubu ve kontrol (N=24) grubu olmak üzere toplam 72 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma uygulanırken 1.Deney grubuna GGB dinamik geometri yazılımları ile, 2.Deney Grubuna GSP dinamik geometri yazılımları ile hazırlanmış etkinliklerle bilgisayar destekli öğretim yapılmıştır. Kontrol grubunda ise, öğretmen kılavuz kitabına uygun geleneksel yöntemle öğretim yapılmıştır. Araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan, uzman görüşü alınmış çalışma yaprakları ve etkinliklerle altı hafta süren uygulamalar yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda dönüşüm geometrisi konusunun öğrenilmesinde başarı açısından bilgisayar destekli öğretimin kullanıldığı deney gruplarının geleneksel yöntemlerin kullanıldığı kontrol grubundan daha başarılı olduğu ve kalıcılık açısından daha uzun süre bilgiyi akılda tuttukları gözlenmiştir.