bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peculiarities of parasitism of Hymenoptera: Eulophidae in the Middle Volga Region
Authors: Mishchenko Andrey Vladimirovich
Published: December 2020

This paper describes all the detected forms of parasitism of eulophid wasps in the Middle Volga Region, based on many years of study of this important group of Hymenoptera and significant factual material. Hymenoptera: Eulophidae is a family of relatively small (no more than 5 mm, usually 1,52 mm) parasitic hymenoptera; its larvae develop on the phytophages of various groups (primarily lepidopterans, Diptera, coleoptera). Many species of herbivorous insects that are infected with eulofids are pests in forestry and agriculture, since they are used as fodder plants of various economically important families. A special group of phytophages are leafminers, larvae of which develop secretly in plant tissues (for example, leaf mesophyll), often forming species-specific damage mines. Eulophid wasps are able to infect leafminers that are inside leafmine and not accessible to other types of entomophages, thereby providing biological protection to cultural and wild plants. During the work parasitic development of more than 200 species of eulophid wasps was analyzed. Representatives of 4 subfamilies Eulophidae (Euderinae, Eulophinae, Entedoninae and Tetrastichinae), including more than 40 genera, have been identified in the Middle Volga Region.
Changes of intestinal microbiota and ivabradine biotransformation in rats after alcohol introduction
Authors: Tolkachev Boris Evgenyevich , Morkovin Evgeny Igorevich , Knyshova Liliya Petrovna , Yakovlev Anatoly Trofimovich , Strygin Andrey Valeryevich
Published: December 2020

The role of intestinal microbiota in progress of many pathological processes is discussed in recent publications. It was shown that the continuous intestinal dysbiosis, including the increased bacterial growth syndrome, affects the digestion and the biotransformation of xenobiotics. Intestinal microbiota provokes metabolic failures leading to severe diseases acting via several mechanisms. Alcohol is found to be a common dysbiotic factor and toxic agent affecting the systems of biotransformation. This study was to estimate the associations between the intestinal microbiota and the biotransformation of ivabradine, CYP3A4 substrate, in rats during the chronic alcohol intake. The study used 30 male Wistar rats divided into two groups control and experimental, administrated 15% ethanol as a sole water supply during 40 days to model the chronic alcohol intake. The decrease of bifido- and lactobacterium spp. found in experimental group correlated with excretion and metabolic ratio of ivabradine metabolite and ivabradine in urine. These findings demonstrate the participation of intestinal microbiota in the metabolism of ivabradine after oral introduction.
Material culture of the end of the VI mill. - first half of the V mill. BC in the Upper Western Dvina River basin
Authors: Mazurkevich Andrey Nicolaevich , Dolbunova Ecaterina Vladimirovna
Published: December 2020

Rudnyanskaya culture was distinguished based on materials found on a stratified site Rudnya Serteyskaya (NW Russia, serteysky archaeological microregion) in 19831987. It existed from the end of the VI mill BC to the beginning of the V mill BC, after ceasing of the first Neolithic ceramic traditions in Dnepr-Dvina region. Pottery assemblage was divided into three ceramic phases d, d-1 and e. They cannot be regarded as one single cultural phenomenon due to differences in technology, morphology and decor of vessels. Analogies in pottery, flint and bone assemblage can be traced within the sites of Lubana region (Zvidze, Osa). We might suppose that vectors of cultural interactions changed at the end of the VI mill BC, and a former cultural network was destroyed. However rudnyanskaya culture differs a lot from Narva culture described by N.N. Gurina due to technological, morphological and decor characteristics. Local and local-chronological variants were distinguished on the territory of Narva culture distribution. Rudnyanskaya culture can be supposed to be one of these cultural phenomenons existed within a large common cultural area.
Materials of the Neolithic settlement of the Komarin 5 in the Verkhny Dnepr River basin (Gomel Podneprovie), on the basis of excavations 1998, 2005-2007, 2011
Authors: Ezepenko Igor Nicolaevich , Voronenko Oleg Vasilievich
Published: December 2020

In the article the authors summarize the archaeological studies of the Neolithic settlement Komarin 5 in vicinity of Rogachev, Gomel region. The settlement is situated in the northern periphery of the area of the Dnepro-Donetsk ethno-cultural community. In the introductory part of the article the authors present the main approaches in interpreting of the Neolithic monuments with comb-stroke ceramics in the upstream of the Dnepr. The excavations were carried out in the southern part of the man site during 4 field seasons. There is a brief description of the stratigraphy of the studied settlement, the most representative burial and utility objects of the excavation-2 in 2006, the main categories of flint tools, and the ceramic complex of the Neolithic period in the article. With the help of the ceramic complexes we can fix several stages of the development of the territory, from the Neolithic Age till the Late Middle Ages. The overwhelming part of the archaeological materials, especially ceramics, is considered in the context of the III stage of the development of the Dnepro-Donetsk culture and covers a chronological interval within the IV millennium BC. This is confirmed by the only absolute dating of 478090 BP (Кі-15033) with the soil from the pit filling in the utility building (object 2 of the excavation in 2006). The issues of relative and absolute dating of the monument Komarin-5, in particular the top chronological boundary of the Neolithic Dnepro-Donetsk culture, are considered.
Impacts of Holocene perturbations of the Onega-Ladoga hydrological system on the ancient coastal population
Authors: Nikonov Andrei Alekseevich
Published: December 2020

Neolithic settlers of the periphery area of the Last Glaciation were affected during the Holocene by dramatic sequences of the catastrophic environmental transformations. This statement is developed in the paper based on geodynamic approach which is important to understand factors of social-cultural development of those territories. The paper contains results of the investigations of environmental cataclysms in the Onega-Ladoga hydrosystem during the last 7 ca. Three major paroxysms (5,7, 5,3, 3,1 BP) have been identified basing on stratigraphical and spatial analyses of the reference archaeological and palaeogeographical studies of the Vuoksa, Svir and Neva rivers. In each of the mentioned case large earthquake had resulted in drastic water cataclysms. Environment and hydrological regime of the main water basins were chanced and these perturbations stipulated disastrous consequences for lives, livelihoods and migrations of on-shore Neolithic communities.
Formation of social-cultural units in the Gulf of Finland region in changing Early and Middle Holocene environment
Authors: Gerasimov Dmitriy Vladimirovitch , Kholkina Margarita Alekseevna
Published: December 2020

Stone Age archaeological material from the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland region are evident of presence here a stable border between cultural areas from the Late Mesolithic till the end of Neolithic. Differences between those areas are mostly become apparent in the certain categories of archaeological finds first of all in pottery (Sperrings, Narva and Late Neolithic types) as well as in decorations and mobile art. The border survives through millennia though sufficient cultural transformations in material culture developed during that time in the region. The border could arise in the Late Mesolithic, in the 7th middle of the 6th ca. BC. Hypothetically its arising could be related to appearance of new people in the region, and possibly with the 8200 cal. BP climatic event. The border is visible in archaeological material till the mass migration of the Corded Ware culture people in the region about the turn of 4th and 3d ca. BC. The phenomenon of the Typical Combed Ware culture that existed in the region from the end of 5th till the second half of the 4th ca. BC probably was not related to the new people coming but can reflect integration of the aborigine population in response to some outer (socio-cultural?) factors.
The level of literacy of the adult population of the Orenburg region according to the materials of the first Soviet census
Authors: Petrich Larisa Vladimirovna , Lyubichankovskiy Sergey Valentinovich
Published: December 2020

This paper analyzes the evolution of literacy in different categories of the Orenburg region adult population according to the censuses in 1920, 1926 and 1939 as well as the influence of the educational policy of the Soviet state. The analysis of the census gives an opportunity to give literacy demographic characteristics: gender, age, nationality, social status, occupation, etc. The author notes that the proclamation of compulsory education principle for illiterate adults and the organization of universal education for school-age children gave an opportunity for education to all categories of the Soviet Russian population. Literacy level started to rise; it was reflected in the census. The censuses of 1926, 1939 showed that literacy level of certain age groups in different generations rose after the October revolution. The paper has a certain pattern: the older the generation age was, the higher the level of literacy was. Generalized materials of the first Soviet censuses allow us to conclude that the effect of positive and negative factors in the education of children and illiterate adults was different in urban and rural areas. As a rule, more women and men had a chance for education in urban areas. The results of the study allow us to conclude on the impact of the Soviet government activities to adult education.
A model for the development of the creative potential of a technical university teacher
Authors: Burenina Valentina Igorevna , Kochetova Natalia Gennadievna
Published: December 2020

The article considers issues related to the development of a technical university teachers creative potential and its special aspects. The analysis of the latest researches and publications in this field is presented, and the necessity of a special study of this issue is formulated. A model for the development of the creative potential of a technical university teacher is proposed, which consists of target, content-technological and diagnostic blocks. The paper presents the characteristics of the model of technical university teachers creative potential development designed by the author; each of its components is described. The target block includes educational expectations. The content-technological block consists of the following structural components: external conditions, the content of education, educational technologies and the forms of educational process organization. The component External conditions includes psychological resilience potential and opportunities for self-expression and self-realization. The Content of Education component includes all creative potential elements. The component Educational technologies and the forms of educational process organization consider the patterns of the activity approach in education, using students activity which simulate the professional teachers of a technical university activity: business and intellectual games, project tasks and etc. The diagnostic block monitors and corrects the results of the model implementation. It includes criteria and indicators of the formation of each component of creative potential, a description of the levels of development of technical university teachers creative potential.
Communicative competency as ability and readiness of the cadets to foreign conversation
Authors: Girenok Galina Anatolievna
Published: December 2020

This paper is devoted to the question of the development of the communicative competency at the English lessons in the departmental institutes of the FPS of Russia. At present much attention in education is paid to competencies development process that goes to show the effectiveness of the competency-based approach in this country. Under this approach the priority is given to the new style professionals training. Such professionals are able to cope with all professional problems quickly and in a proper way using all their knowledge, abilities, skills and experience. This approach is a basis for totally new education which provides the improvement of occupation mobility and adaptability of our graduates. It brings them an opportunity to be at the forefront of the latest developments and innovation and foresee all possibilities of the situation. In the paper the definition of the communicative competency is revealed as ability and readiness of the cadets to foreign conversation. Much emphasis is made to the fact that both formation of the internal readiness and ability to foreign conversation may be the basis for successful communicative competency development.
Professional communication in a foreign language: designing a practical workshop for bachelors
Authors: Malova Natalia Vladimirovna
Published: December 2020

The following paper discusses the actual task of modern technical specialist training: getting him/her ready to communicate professionally in a foreign language. Practice requests are naturally reflected in the development of curricula and programs of higher professional education. The author demonstrates the urgency of the task in connection with the constantly changing foreign language professional communication, especially computer-mediated part of it. The author identifies two main approaches to the organization of studies at the university: changing the structure, content, methods of the course Foreign Language and the development of new courses of the curriculum. Within the framework of the second approach, the process of designing an educational and methodical complex for a professional communication course on the basis of a process approach is considered in some detail. The paper emphasizes the importance of using professional skills of prospective specialists to increase the effectiveness of the educational process, in particular, the development of copyright audio and video materials. The workshop for audio engineers, developed by the author of the paper, is successfully used in the educational process of Samara State Institute of Culture.
Multifunctional training of future teachers in context of Federal State Educational Standards and Professional Standard of Pedagogue
Authors: Semenov Alexander Alexeevich , Solovieva Vera Valentinovna , Yaitsky Andrey Stepanovich
Published: December 2020

Pedagogical activity is multifunctional in nature. Multifunctionality of the teacher's activity is obliged by the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standards of Higher Education as well as the teachers professional standard. Multifunctional training of future teachers is the process (and result) of mastering by the pedagogic bachelors and masters of set of competencies aimed at fulfilling various teacher functions. There are six basic functions of the modern teacher identified: pedagogical, project, research, methodological, managerial and cultural-educational. The pedagogical function is complex in nature and includes a number of other functions: tutoring, education, developing and correction. All of them are interrelated. The article outlines characteristics of mentioned above functions, describes the track record of training of future teachers at Faculty of Natural Sciences and Geography of Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education as part of baccalaureate and magistracy programs of pedagogical education. This consists of updating of courses content that are implemented according to the student selection, development and realization of new ones, organization and execution of training and production practices, educational and research works of students, scientific conferences, student competitions and olympiads, publication of scientific collected papers (including student ones). Article also presents the results of surveys of graduates on the quality of their preparation for the various teaching functions.
Flora of the Student Square of Cheboksary of Chuvash Republic
Authors: Dimitriev Yury Olegovich
Published: December 2020

Student Square was opened on September 1, 2007 at the intersection of the busy Moscow Avenue and K. Ivanov Street. The total area is 2,5 hectares. The predominant tree species are Tilia cordata Mill., Betula pendula Roth and Acer platanoides L. In 2016, the first inventory of the square flora was carried out, 94 plant species from 79 genera and 37 families were identified. Pinopsida are represented by 4 cultivated introducents. Only 6 species from the Poaceae are monocotyledons. The systematic diversity of the flora is very low. Virtually every genus is represented by only one species. The average level of species wealth in one family is 2,54. The number of families with one species is 21 (56,8%). The top ten in the number of species families are concentrated by 63,8% of the species. The spectrum of the leading families of the flora of the Student Square indicates its thermophilic appearance. The share of synanthropic species in the flora as a whole is 53,2%. The index of synanthropization (Is) of the square flora is 1,14 and emphasizes the anthropogenic nature of the landscape. The aboriginal fraction of the flora is strongly altered (Is = 0,48). In the ecologo-cenotic spectrum, there is a preponderance towards plants of open habitat types, among which weed species predominate (34%), among which 4 are malignant invasive species: Acer negundo L., Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq., Lepidotheca suaveolens (Pursh) Nutt., Xanthoxalis stricta (L.) Small. On the second place is a group of meadow plants (16%). The distribution of other coenotic groups in general is consistent with the regional spectrum of the flora of Chuvashia. The hygromorph spectrum is dominated by mesophytes (71,3%), followed by xeromesophytes (16%), the share of the remaining groups varies from 1,1 to 6,4%. The trofomorph spectrum is dominated by mesotrofs (62,8%) and megatrofs (36,2%). Aliens fraction is 30,9% of the square flora. 17 species (58,6%) are cultivated introducents, and the rest weed plants. Kenophytes (75,9%) predominate, ergasiophytes and ergasiofigophytes (24,1% each), epekophytes and agrio-epekophytes (65,5%), North American (31%) and Iranian-Turanian (20,7%) species.
Individual aspects of Takydromus wolteri and Takydromus amurensis biology
Authors: Portniagina Ekaterina Yurievna , Maslova Irina Vladimirovna
Published: December 2020

The paper presents information regarding specific aspects of reproduction and nutrition of two poorly studied lizard species of genus Takydromus (Takydromus wolteri and Takydromus amurensis) in the north-eastern part of their habitat (Primorskiy Krai, Far East, Russia). The material given in the publication was collected both in natural and laboratory conditions. Data related to quantity as well as size of eggs and juveniles (right after their birth) are presented. The joint clutch of several female of T. amurensis was found for the first time and contained 30 eggs. For the first time the incubation period has been reported for these species that inhabit Russian territory (T. amurensis 4456 days, T. wolteri 4244). Date of escape from eggs has been revealed for T. wolteri to be earlier than given in literature and occur on second decade of August. Cline dependence of morphometric and reproductive parameters have been dealt. Both species have been shown to prefer the following invertebrates as meal in lab conditions Aranei, Geophilomorpha, Lithobiomorpha, Tenebrionidae (larve), Muscidae, Ectobiidae и Gryllidae. New information regarding nutritional behavior is provided for T. wolteri and T. amurensis in terrarium conditions. Both species use various traits to kill and to eat the catch based on the group to which the invertebrate is related. It has been shown empirically that juveniles of T. amurensis can eat meal right in 23 hours after their escape from the eggs.
Biogeochemical characteristics of parks and public gardens in Rostov-on-Don
Authors: Shishkina Diana Yurievna
Published: December 2020

The distribution of heavy metals and arsenic in the soils and leaves of the locust in the parks and squares of Rostov-on-Don was studied. 81 samples of soil and 30 samples of leaves were selected in 13 parks of the city. To determine the concentrations of elements, we used the approximate-quantitative and atomic-absorption analyses. For all elements, the concentration coefficient was calculated, as well as the hazard factor representing the multiplicity of exceeding the MAC or AAC. The total pollution index (Zc), which is the sum of the excess concentrations of individual elements above the background level, was used to characterize complex pollution. When comparing the average concentrations of metals and arsenic with the natural pedogeochemical background, a geochemical association is revealed: Cu₂ˏ₅Zn₂ˏ₃Pb₁ˏ₈V₁ˏ₃Hg₁ˏ₃Ni₁ˏ₂Cd₁ˏ₂, typical of Rostov-on-Don soils. Weakly local pollution of soils of parks and squares with zinc, copper, vanadium and lead was revealed. The most common pollutant is zinc, for which the highest excess of AAC is characteristic. Pollution of the soil cover of recreational areas is assessed as permissible. With the passage of time, the concentration of zinc decreases and the concentrations of copper and vanadium increase in the soils of park landscapes. There has been increasing biological absorption by the leaves of the locust copper and molybdenum.
The second stage of Neolithisation and para-Neolithic in the southern Baltic
Authors: Nowak Marek
Published: December 2020

The origins of the Neolithic, understood as a phenomenon with food economy dependent on agriculture, in east-central Europe are associated with the appearance of communities reflected by the Linear Band Pottery culture (LBK) in ca. 5500 BC. These communities settled only small enclaves, distinguished by ecological conditions favourable to farming. Situation of this kind persisted in the 5th millennium BC, when territories under discussion were inhabited by post-Linear groups. Consequently, at that time, hunter-gatherers still occupied ca. 70% of these territories. Such situation changed from 4200/4100 BC onwards, due to the formation and spectacular territorial expansion of the Funnel Beaker culture (TRB). This expansion covered both the areas previously inhabited by hunter-gatherers and farmers. Around 3500 BC Neolithic formation encompassed virtually the whole of this part of Central Europe. Parallel to the first and second Neolithisations, independent processes of ceramisation of the Late Mesolithic communities proceeded. While in the 5th millennium BC they were fairly selective, in the 4th millennium BC they were quite intensive. A new cultural model formed here which might be called para-Neolithic. Archaeological data indicate contacts between TRB and para-Neolithic communities. The latter phenomena (mainly the Neman culture) show also a significant territorial development.
Children and teenagers’ burials dated back to the beginning of the Cooper-Bronze Age on the example of the Maikop-Novosvobdnenskoe community
Authors: Korenevskiy Sergey Nikolaevich
Published: December 2020

The paper is aimed to discuss the problem of children and teenagers burials of the Maikop-Novosvobdnenskoe community (MNC) located in the Caucasus region. Childrens burials of the Galugaevsko-Sereginskiy, the Dolinsky variants and the Novosvobdnenskaya group are rare, but there are weapons and gold ornaments. This situation suggests transferring a high status of their parents by inheritance to the child. But the Psekupskiy variant reflects other situation. Childrens burials in its monuments look like childrens cemetery or burials of adults in kurgans and in earth graves. They do not contain weapons, tools or ornaments of copper and gold. It is possible to observe that burials of children are in big vessels. That tradition often depended on the degree of the society development.
Tautarian type (genesis and chronology)
Authors: Dmitriev Evgeniy Anatolievich
Published: December 2020

The processes of assimilation and integration between the Andronov community cultures, in spite of the long history of the study, is still of interest, connected with a whole range of problematic issues, one of which is the addition and chronological position of the Tautarin type known from the monuments of Southern Kazakhstan. At the present time, new materials have been accumulated during the field studies, which have made it possible to significantly expand the characterization of the type and question its traditional chronology as well as to consider the composition components and orientation of intercultural ties in more details. Within the framework of this paper we have the results of the statistical analysis of the funeral rite and description of the objective world on the materials of 5 burial grounds (Tautary, Kiikty, Sherbay 13), which reflect the interaction of three population groups: Fedorov (guiding), Kozhumberdynsky and Central Asian. Concerning the issue of dating, it is necessary to revise the previously proposed timeframes that do not correspond to the level of modern knowledge on the subject matter under study and adopt a cautious but wide time interval the first half of the 2nd millennium BC, which is based on comparison with the modern radiocarbon chronology of Fedorov culture, antiquities of the Kozhumberdynsky and Kulsay types, as well as by analogies of the pendants in the dated complex of the Kyzylbulak I burial ground.
Permanent and temporary expositions of succulents in the Botanical Garden of Peter the Great as a way of biological and ecological education
Authors: Kalugin Yuri Guryanovich , Musinova Larisa Petrovna
Published: December 2020

The paper describes one of the ways of organizing educational activities in the expositions of the Peter the Great Botanical Garden in St. Petersburg. The authors study the problem of actualization of environmental knowledge among the population and preservation of biodiversity through leisure. The paper analyzes educational work in Russian botanical gardens and some foreign gardens at the present time. The authors introduce the term complex garden as a garden of broad educational opportunities. The paper describes a collection of plants of one of the oldest and largest botanical gardens in Russia. The authors demonstrate a variety of topics for study, detail the content of exhibitions and describe the ways of active and passive activity of visitors on the example of expositions of succulent plants. The paper provides a diagram of ecological and biological knowledge improvement.
Role and importance of military-pedagogical traditions at the present stage of domestic military education system development
Authors: Starodubtsev Mikhail Pavlovich
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with the issues concerning the role and importance of military pedagogical traditions at the present stage of national military education system development. The author studies the concepts traditions, pedagogical traditions, military traditions, offers his own interpretation of the notion military pedagogical traditions. A study of the military-pedagogical traditions is organized in conjunction with the achievements of the military pedagogic thought of the previous periods and modern problems of military pedagogy. The author analyzes the reasons for the reform and modernization ongoing in the military education system, which is caused by need of compliance with European quality standards and new requirements of existing Russian legislation. In conditions of a multilevel system of education and a competence approach in training special attention, in the authors opinion, should be paid to special forms, methods and means of training, based on the best achievements of the military pedagogic thought, both traditional and complemented with innovative components. The author considers existing military-pedagogical traditions as well as traditions generated at the present time, taking into account present problems and challenges.
The Euro-Siberian geographical element flora structure of the Middle Siberia forest-steppes
Authors: Antipova Ekaterina Mikhailovna
Published: December 2020

The structure of geographical (arealogical) elements is one of the most important flora characteristics, because genetic composite groups are established on the basics of generic and species areas analysis and regularities of flora formation are determined. The object of the research is a complete species composition of vascular plants, revealed within the boundaries of the researched forest-steppes - Krasnoyarsk, Kansk and Achinsk (Krasnoyarsk Region). The North forest-steppes flora was detected by the specific flora method established by A.I. Tolmachev. The aim of this work is to summarize materials of the Euro-Siberian geographical element flora structure in the North forest-steppes ecosystems of the Middle Siberia with the characteristics of geographical elements selected on the basis of the fitohorions concept. It is based on the accordance principle of species distribution to natural (Botanical-geographical) zoning of the Earth. To determine the areas we used modern planetary floristic zoning established by A.L. Takhtajan with some amendments: floristic zoning by L.I. Malysheva was taken into account to Siberia, etc., the Russian Far East - by R.V. Camelina. As a result of the work geographical elements of the boreal group were assigned: Circumboreal (133 species, 9,6% of the whole flora), Eurosiberian (384 species, 27,7%), Pontic-South Siberian (81 species, 5,85%), Siberian (154 species, 11,12%).
Status of Astragalus cornutus Pall. populations in the Samara Region
Authors: Ilina Valentina Nikitichna
Published: December 2020

This paper examines features of the demographic structure of natural populations of a rare representative of the steppe flora Astragalus cornutus Pall. (Fabaceae). The rarity of the species makes it necessary to include it in the Red Books of the Russian Federation and some steppe regions. In the Samara Region, species populations require additional protection in connection with the peculiarities of biology and ecology, a significant anthropogenic load on communities, and a reduction in the number of habitats. We studied the features of the structure of populations in the Samara Trans-Volga Region. A total of 84 cenopopulations were surveyed, tendencies of population change, features of demographic and spatial structure were revealed. The structure of populations is affected by the ecological and phytocenotic conditions of the environment and anthropogenic factors. The replacement and recovery of individuals in A. cornutus populations is slow. The ontogenetic structure of populations has a fluctuation dynamics. Assessment of the studied geographical populations by L.A. Zhivotovsky efficiency criterion (2001) showed that they are all mature. Specific cenopopulations of A. cornutus are aging (5%) and old (8%). The average density of individuals is about 3 individuals/m. The average effective density is 2,4 individuals/m, the largest - 4,1, the smallest - 1,3. The condition of all studied populations (even in a satisfactory state) on the territory of the Samara Region causes alarm. Populations of the species in the region need additional protection measures.
Heavy metals in soils of the train removal station Ussuriysk JSC Russian Railways
Authors: Klyuchnikov Denis Alexandrovich , Platonova Svetlana Alexandrovna , Soboleva Elena Vasilievna
Published: December 2020

The paper studies heavy metals in soils of the train removal station Ussuriysk JSC Russian Railways. An adverse effect of railway transport on adjacent territories is shown. Railway transport and subjects of its support are permanent sources of pollution. Long-term emissions to the air are reflected by essential accumulation of tocsins in the top horizons of the soil. The authors reveal the amount of heavy metals in soils of the train removal station Ussuriysk JSC Russian Railways. To identify the coefficient of heavy metals concentration in soil samples of 8 trial areas of technogenic and anthropogenic zones of the city were analyzed. To identify local technogenic anomalies concentration coefficients were calculated. The authors concluded that the territory of the train removal station Ussuriysk JSC Russian Railways was very polluted. The south of the railway station is characterized by an average pollution level. The authors revealed high concentrations of Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu and Pb in soils of the trial sites with a high transport loading.
Species and sorts of lilac flowering duration in Ufa
Authors: Polyakova Natalia Viktorovna
Published: December 2020

The paper presents characteristics of lilac flowering duration in the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. When selecting prospective species and sorts for landscaping purposes for each region, it is necessary to obtain a comprehensive assessment of decorative features. Lilac is now widely used in green building and is one of the most popular ornamental shrubs. The duration of flowering is one of the most important characteristics of ornamental plants and determines the decorative effect of the entire landscape composition. The paper presents the study results of the flowering duration of 11 species and 33 sorts of lilacs of the botanical garden collection for the last 7 years (2011-2017). The results obtained are shown in comparison with the data of earlier studies (2005-2009). The data analysis showed that in 2011-2017 the average lilac species flowering duration was 7-15, and that of varieties 13-15 days, which is 5-6 days shorter than the flowering period of the same taxa in 2005-2009. It is established that such a result is a consequence of changes in the climatic situation in the region. The obtained data on the lilac species flowering duration in Ufa, as well as the influence of climatic conditions on it, make it possible to successfully apply the studied species and varieties of lilacs for landscape design purposes in the Republic of Bashkortostan and adjacent territories.
Pokrovsky and srubna culture traditions of the late Bronze Age in the Samara Volga (ideological positions)
Authors: Zhukov Roman Vladimirovich
Published: December 2020

In archeology, there are several approaches to assessing the monuments of the Pokrovsky and the logs of the final stage of the middle - the beginning of the Late Bronze Age, in the Middle Volga Region. The paper presents the results of these studies in archaeology on this topic: Pokrovsky and srubna culture funerary traditions of the late Bronze Age of the Samara Region (world-view positions). As the title suggests the paper is devoted to the problem of differences and ideological justification of funerary traditions of the pokrovsky and srubna culture of the Samara Region. The main objective of the paper is to provide theoretical understanding of the concept of chronology and description of the funerary traditions of cultures. The work consists of an introductory part (historiography), the main part (description of the burial of the Pokrovskaya and srubna culture) and conclusions (ideological substantiation of their funeral traditions). It also presents prospects for further research in this area. At the end of the paper the author analyzes burials of both cultures and the ideological justification of the funerary traditions. The paper has practical significance.
Official hierarchy and city and urban village typology established at the end of XVIII-XIX centuries
Authors: Belov Alexey Viktorovich
Published: December 2020

The article deals with one of the aspects of the cardinal reform of the city that took place in the reign of Catherine II. The reform of the city, taking place within the framework of the administrative and territorial reform of Catherine II, was closely related to the process of creating a network of new small provinces and the formation of a network of cities and urban settlements in each of the new entities administrative. The city network (a network of cities and urban settlements) was a complex (rather than a set) of settlements of a particular region, having (in the presentation of contemporaries) the status of the city or its official signs. In the course of its existence, a distribution of functions occurred within the network. The set of functions inherent in different urban settlements, determines their character and face in the broadest sense of the word. All functions can be conditionally divided into two groups: administrative and economic. In our study, attention was drawn to the approval of a set of administrative functions outside the city as part of the countrys spatial and settlement to the establishment of certain types of cities and urban settlements, with a set of features and responsibilities. In this case, between the types of settlements a stable hierarchy as administrative centers established. The reason for its appearance is wider than the need for formal subjection. The network of cities and urban settlements of the country, established by the beginning of the XIX century, was complex with a heterogeneous structure. It included settlements, officially called cities according to the rules of its time, and other structures that do not belong to this group. The latter also performed city functions and were considered contemporaries on a par with the official cities, separating themselves from rural settlements. The name of settlements did not always correspond to their economic quality. Along with the administrative type of cities, there were intermediate forms of urban settlements, which, according to the norms of that time, did not apply to cities (non-resident cities, supernumerary cities, settlements, small towns). In addition, archaic forms of settlements connected with cities and partly fulfilling their functions, were preserved. An important peculiarity of this historical period is the simultaneous existence of numerous and diverse forms of urban settlements including archaic ones. This circumstance is caused by the transitional nature of the time, the implementation of administrative reform, as well as the desire of the authorities to implement the process of transformation without a radical breakdown and social protest.
Horse stealing in the Samara province in 1923-1925
Authors: Gizatulin Shamil Takhirovich
Published: December 2020

This paper considers the problem of horse stealing in the Samara province in 1923-1925. The author conducted a study of causes and dynamics of horse thefts in the region, as well as of measures of the law enforcement agencies with a criminal activity. The paper shows the factors that contributed along with the generally unfavorable socio-economic conditions of the 1920s years to the growth of this type of crime in the region. On the basis of statistical indicators of militia and criminal investigation the author has studied methods of horse thefts in the province, the reasons for the growth of this type of crime in 1923 and the decline by the end of 1925. The paper considers problems of professional horse stealing and ethnic crime (criminal activity of representatives of the Turkic peoples). The author has revealed seasonal and spatial characteristics of the prevalence of cattle theft and established centers of horse theft in the province (Samara, Samara and Buguruslan Districts), as well as analyzed efficiency of militia activity and criminal investigation department of Samara province in the fight against this crime. The paper also contains the drawbacks in the organization of activities of local authorities, law enforcement and the court, as well as measures taken by the provincial authorities for the suppression of horse stealing in the period.
Caves in catacomb movement of the Russian Orthodox Church on the territory of the Don and the Volga Region in 1920-1940s
Authors: Stepkin Vitaliy Viktorovich , Gunko Aleksey Alexandrovich
Published: December 2020

The paper examines creation and application history of cave space in catacomb movement of the Russian Orthodox Church on the territory of the Don and the Volga Region in 1920-1940s. Development of cave digging on these territories was promoted by the fact of their frontier position, allowing searching for a hiding place for the ideas, differing from the mainstream society. The caves use as shelters and places of worship in the Don Region is exemplified by the territory of Voronezh Region, where in the revolution period caves were dug in the chalk mass near the village of Karayashnik, and traditionally honored by the people loci of sacred space were used like caves in Divnogorye and on Shatrishche Mount. Caves near the village of Karayashnik were used as a place of worship by a conservative part of peasants being supporters of both the Patriarchal Church and the Fedorovtsy sect. Caves in Divnogorye were used by Joanites sect, caves on Shatrishche Mount were used by so-called True Orthodox Church. In addition to the chalk caves in the Don Region people used underground of houses as secret places of worship. Examples of such undergrounds are hidden caves in the villages of Troitskoe and Novopokrovka, equipped by one of communities of so-called True Orthodox Christians. The paper considers caves use in the Volga Region through the example of the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan, where communities of the True Orthodox Church acted, creating cult undergrounds under houses in the town of Bugulma and villages of Akkireevo, Zabugorovka, Crym-Saray Naumovka and Novoe Ilmovo. Together with territories of personal farmsteads, caves were created outside villages, usually in a forest zone. For example, near the village of Novosheshminsk there was an underground monastery, near villages of Volchya Sloboda and Elantovo there were underground temples. Activities of the underground religious communities referred to in the paper were ceased due to state punitive measures.
Pedagogical system of military-professional competencies development of prospective reserve officers of the Russian Federation armed forces
Authors: Antonov Gennady Mikhailovich , Afanasev Andrey Konstantinovich , Mikhilkevich Valentin Nikolaevich
Published: December 2020

The paper presents theoretical and methodological foundations for the construction and practical implementation of the pedagogical system of military-professional competencies development of prospective reserve officers of the RF armed forces. The authors justify the urgency of social and economic expediency and specificity of the reserved for the Armed Forces officers training in civil technical universities. The authors give theoretical and experimentally confirmed justification of content and structure of military-professional competence of the reserved future officer. The authors have generalized an algorithmic model of pedagogical system of students (prospective reserve officers of the military-professionals) competence development. Its structure contains ten functional, interrelated and consistently implemented blocks. The authors describe a functional purpose and essential content of each block of the system model. Special attention is given to the modular technology of military-professional competence development, principles of organization, methods and techniques of its implementation. The authors provide data of a pedagogical experiment that identifies students level of military-professional competence development in the experimental and control groups at the levels of their cognitive, operational and activity components development.
Development of prospective teachers’ readiness to familiarize schoolchildren with the values of physical culture while studying «Pedagogy»
Authors: Borisov Alexandr Yakovlevich
Published: December 2020

The paper considers the urgency of solving the problem connected with the development of prospective teachers readiness to introduce schoolchildren to the values of physical culture in the context of preserving man as a social being and as a biological species. The values of physical culture are considered as a prerequisite for achieving a harmonious combination of bodily and spiritual principles in a person, as a condition for the full-fledged existence of a schoolboy, a student. Specific values of physical culture are singled out: human motor activity, human life, health, healthy lifestyle, culture, perseverance in achieving the goal, moral perfection, self-realization, etc. The author presents a structure of prospective teachers readiness to familiarize schoolchildren with the values of physical culture, including cognitive motivational-value and activity components. Opportunities of Pedagogy for the development of prospective teachers readiness to introduce students to the values of physical culture in theoretical and practical aspects are revealed. The theoretical aspect is the allocation of physical culture values at the scientific material level of Pedagogy sections (section Introduction to pedagogical activity - the values human life, culture, persistence in achieving the goal, self-determination, self-organization and others, section Solving professional problems - the values of health, healthy lifestyle, perseverance in achieving the goal, prestige of physical culture and sports, freedom, justice, etc.). The practical aspect is examples of development of prospective teachers readiness to introduce schoolchildren to the values of physical culture during lecture and seminar classes in the sections Solving professional problems and History of pedagogical thought in Russia and abroad. The conclusion is that the values mastered by the students will become the reference points for the education of the schoolchild who responsibly relate to their own health and the health of the surrounding people.
Art workshop as a form of student’s artistic and creative activity
Authors: Kalinina Larisa Yurievna
Published: December 2020

The paper describes an innovative form of organization of educational art-creative activity of students - art workshop. The author refers to the justification of the concept art workshop in the context of current ideas of the theory and practice art education. The contradiction between the content of student creativity in the XXI century and common in the practice of traditional forms of introducing them to the art may be withdrawn by the structuring activities in accordance with the phases of the creative process. Article submissions are a contribution to solving a larger problem of early diagnosis of giftedness, since supposedly this quality of the individual manifests itself more and more noticeable in terms of artistic and creative process. A definition of art workshop is given, its features are highlighted: polyart nature of childrens activities, productive and aimed at understanding the meanings of reality through creative experience; engaging of elements of expression from the arsenal of modern composers, artists and poets. The implication is that the teacher is able to perceive the environment with immediate disciples, directing, but without limiting the collective creativity. This work makes it possible to orient teachers of music, fine arts teachers and teachers of additional education, as well as students of a pedagogical high school to making children be creative in accordance with their interests, abilities and their outlook.