bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generación de estrategias basados en business intelligence para la competitividad en empresas de distribución de material eléctrico
Authors: Astudillo Jara Karen Stefania , Suarez Jaya Alex Vicente , Araujo Ochoa Gabriela Isabel
Published: July 2024

Introducción: Las estrategias de negocios basadas en Business Intelligence (BI) en la distribución de material eléctrico en las Islas Galápagos, Ecuador, son clave para mejorar la competitividad empresarial al facilitar decisiones más informadas. Objetivos: Este estudio se centra en generar estrategias de negocios basadas en BI para aumentar la competitividad de las empresas distribuidoras de material eléctrico. Metodología: Comienza con un análisis teórico de negocios basados en BI, seguido de un diagnóstico situacional del uso de BI en la distribución de materiales eléctricos, utilizando la isla Santa Cruz – Galápagos como caso de estudio mediante encuestas aplicadas. El Business Intelligence utiliza herramientas como el análisis de negocios, la minería de datos y la visualización de los mismo para lograr objetivos empresariales. Resultados: Según el estudio, el 69.7% de las empresas encuestadas considera utilizar herramientas de BI para el desarrollo de estrategias, y el 52.94% de quienes usarían estas herramientas creen que aumentaría considerablemente la eficiencia en los negocios. Un análisis de chi-cuadrado revela que el uso de herramientas de BI impacta en la competitividad de las empresas de distribución de material eléctrico en la región de la isla Santa Cruz de las Galápagos con un 95% de confianza y un margen de error del 5%. Conclusiones: Esto destaca la relevancia de implementar estrategias basadas en BI para mejorar la eficiencia y competitividad en el sector de distribución de material eléctrico en las Islas Galápagos. Área de estudio general: Administración. Área de estudio específica: Gestión y Administración. Tipo de estudio: original.
Structural and electronic properties of GaN: Ab initio study within LDA and LDA+U methods
Authors: Hadiyeva Aynure , Jafarova Vusala
Published: July 2024

Structural and electronic properties of the GaN were simulated based on Density Functional Theory implementing Local Density Approximation methods. Hubbard U correction gives us an opportunity to find the correct energy gap for GaN in agreement with known experimental results. Choosing more accurate investigation methods leads to calculating accurate electronic band structure and in the future predicting some physical properties of related material. The bottom of the conduction band and the top of the valence band are formed mainly by p-orbitals of host Ga and N atoms. The present study shows the direct band gap character of GaN with a wurtzite structure
Interleukin (IL)-1B and IL-1 receptor antagonist gene polymorphisms in children with primary immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Mohamed Ragab Seham , Moustafa Abo ElFotoh Wafaa , Ahmed El-Hawy Mahmoud , Abdelfatah Badr Eman , Khairat Ali Mostafa Saara , El-Sayad Abd El-Hamid Mai
Published: July 2024

Background: The pathophysiology and susceptibility of children to primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) are linked to polymorphisms of the interleukin (IL)-1B and IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) antagonist genes.Purpose: To investigate the association between the susceptibility and severity of primary ITP in children and the IL-1B and IL-1R antagonist gene polymorphisms.Methods: This comparative case-control studywas conducted at the Menoufia University Hospital Hematology and Oncology Unit, Pediatric Department, between August 2022 and September 2023. The children were divided into patients (28 boys, 22 girls) who received hospital and outpatient clinic care and controls (50 healthy age- and sex-matched children).Results: The mutant homozygous GG genotype and mutant G allele of rs16944 of the IL1B gene were considerably greater in patients than in controls (P<0.001). Furthermore, the mutant homozygous II/II genotype and heterozygous I/II genotype of the IL-1R antagonist gene were considerably greater in the case versus control group. The mutant II allele was significantly more prevalent in patients versus controls (P<0.001).Conclusion: IL-1B and IL-1R antagonists may have a major impact on the development of immune thrombocytopenia. Furthermore, we found a relationship between IL-1B and IL-1R antagonist gene polymorphisms and the etiology of and children's susceptibility to primary immune thrombocytopenia.
Peningkatan Kualitas Layanan Sistem Pelayanan Listrik di Kota Bekasi Berbasis Web dengan Penerapan UML
Authors: Imroatus Solihah Frisca Dwi , Voutama Apriade
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan kualitas layanan sistem pelayanan listrik di Kota Bekasi melalui pengembangan sistem informasi berbasis web dengan penerapan Unified Modeling Language (UML). Kebutuhan yang semakin meningkat akan sistem informasi yang efisien dan efektif untuk menangani kendala PT PLN (Persero) dalam memberikan layanan listrik, termasuk gangguan listrik, fluktuasi tegangan, dan ketidakefisienan penanganan keluhan pelanggan, menjadi latar belakang penelitian ini. Metode penelitian mencakup penggunaan UML untuk perancangan sistem dan Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) untuk memastikan pembangunan sistem yang terstruktur dan terarah. Sistem yang dikembangkan melibatkan dua jenis pengguna, yaitu pelanggan (pengguna biasa) dan administrator. Pelanggan memerlukan antarmuka yang mudah digunakan untuk melaporkan gangguan listrik dan melacak status pengaduan, sedangkan administrator memerlukan sistem yang efisien untuk mengelola dan memproses pengaduan. Hasil pengujian aplikasi menunjukkan bahwa sistem informasi yang dikembangkan berfungsi dengan baik dan memenuhi kebutuhan pengguna. Pengujian unit, integrasi, dan sistem menunjukkan bahwa semua komponen aplikasi berfungsi harmonis, sementara pengujian pengguna menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi ini meningkatkan efisiensi dan kenyamanan dalam penanganan pengaduan listrik. Pengguna merespons positif terhadap kemudahan penggunaan dan kecepatan respon sistem, sementara administrator menemukan bahwa sistem ini membantu dalam manajemen pengaduan dan analisis data.
Trauma promotes heparan sulfate modifications and cleavage that disrupt homeostatic gene expression in microvascular endothelial cells
Authors: Richter Robert P. , Odum James D. , Margaroli Camilla , Cardenas Jessica C. , Zheng Lei , Tripathi Kaushlendra , Wang Zhangjie , Arnold Katelyn , Sanderson Ralph D. , Liu Jian , Richter Jillian R.
Published: July 2024

Introduction:Heparan sulfate (HS) in the vascular endothelial glycocalyx (eGC) is a critical regulator of blood vessel homeostasis. Trauma results in HS shedding from the eGC, but the impact of trauma on HS structural modifications that could influence mechanisms of vascular injury and repair has not been evaluated. Moreover, the effect of eGC HS shedding on endothelial cell (EC) homeostasis has not been fully elucidated. The objectives of this work were to characterize the impact of trauma on HS sulfation and determine the effect of eGC HS shedding on the transcriptional landscape of vascular ECs.

Methods:Plasma was collected from 25 controls and 49 adults admitted to a level 1 trauma center at arrival and 24 h after hospitalization. Total levels of HS and angiopoietin-2, a marker of pathologic EC activation, were measured at each time point. Enzymatic activity of heparanase, the enzyme responsible for HS shedding, was determined in plasma from hospital arrival. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to characterize HS di-/tetrasaccharides in plasma.In vitrowork was performed using flow conditioned primary human lung microvascular ECs treated with vehicle or heparinase III to simulate human heparanase activity. Bulk RNA sequencing was performed to determine differentially expressed gene-enriched pathways following heparinase III treatment.

Results:We found that heparanase activity was increased in trauma plasma relative to controls, and HS levels at arrival were elevated in a manner proportional to injury severity. Di-/tetrasaccharide analysis revealed lower levels of 3-O-sulfated tetramers with a concomitant increase in ΔIIIS and ΔIIS disaccharides following trauma. Admission levels of total HS and specific HS sulfation motifs correlated with 24-h angiopoietin-2 levels, suggesting an association between HS shedding and persistent, pathological EC activation. In vitro pathway analysis demonstrated downregulation of genes that support cell junction integrity, EC polarity, and EC senescence while upregulating genes that promote cell differentiation and proliferation following HS shedding.

Discussion:Taken together, our findings suggest that HS cleavage associated with eGC injury may disrupt homeostatic EC signaling and influence biosynthetic mechanisms governing eGC repair. These results require validation in larger, multicenter trauma populations coupled within vivoEC-targeted transcriptomic and proteomic analyses.
Cellular and functional evaluation of LDLR missense variants reported in hypercholesterolemic patients demonstrates their hypomorphic impacts on trafficking and LDL internalization
Authors: Jawabri Aseel A. , John Anne , Ghattas Mohammad A. , Mahgoub Radwa E. , Hamad Mohammad I. K. , Barakat Maha T. , Shobi Bindu , Daggag Hinda , Ali Bassam R.
Published: July 2024

Background

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by increased LDL-cholesterol levels. About 85% of FH cases are caused by LDLR mutations encoding the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). LDLR is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where it undergoes post-translational modifications and then transported through Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane. Over 2900 LDLR variants have been reported in FH patients with limited information on the pathogenicity and functionality of many of them. This study aims to elucidate the cellular trafficking and functional implications of LDLR missense variants identified in suspected FH patients using biochemical and functional methods.

Methods

We used HeLa, HEK293T, and LDLR-deficient-CHO-ldlA7 cells to evaluate the subcellular localization and LDL internalization of ten LDLR missense variants (p.C167F, p.D178N, p.C243Y, p.E277K, p.G314R, p.H327Y, p.D477N, p.D622G, p.R744Q, and p.R814Q) reported in multiethnic suspected FH patients. We also analyzed the functional impact of three variants (p.D445E, p.D482H, and p.C677F), two of which previously shown to be retained in the ER.

Results

We show that p.D622G, p.D482H, and p.C667F are largely retained in the ER whereas p.R744Q is partially retained. The other variants were predominantly localized to the plasma membrane. LDL internalization assays in CHO-ldlA7 cells indicate that p.D482H, p.C243Y, p.D622G, and p.C667F have quantitatively lost their ability to internalize Dil-LDL with the others (p.C167F, p.D178N, p.G314R, p.H327Y, p.D445E, p.D477N, p.R744Q and p.R814Q) showing significant losses except for p.E277K which retained full activity. However, the LDL internalization assay is only to able evaluate the impact of the variants on LDL internalization and not the exact functional defects such as failure to bind LDL. The data represented illustrate the hypomorphism nature of variants causing FH which may explain some of the variable expressivity of FH.

Conclusion

Our combinatorial approach of in silico, cellular, and functional analysis is a powerful strategy to determine pathogenicity and FH disease mechanisms which may provide opportunitites for novel therapeutic strategies.
Sliding mode control strategy of grid-forming energy storage converter with fast active support of frequency and voltage
Authors: Hu Chen , Chen Haiyan , Tang Aihong
Published: July 2024

The random fluctuation of renewable power generation output makes the frequency and voltage of distribution network fluctuate frequently. And the stable operation performance of the system is decreased. Therefore, the sliding mode control (SMC) strategy of grid-forming (GFM) energy storage converter with fast active support of frequency and voltage is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control possessing the superior GFM performance is applied to single-stage neutral point clamped (NPC) converter of energy storage system. Meantime, the improved comprehensive equivalent circuit model of lithium iron phosphate battery and equivalent model of converter are constructed by means of ampere-hour method and Kirchhoff’s law. Then, the SMC with fast response and strong robustness is utilized into the current inner-loop controller. Combined with VSG control, the SMC strategy of GFM energy storage converter is proposed, so that the converter could play an active supporting role by quickly adjusting the output power while the frequency and voltage are reduced. Finally, the simulation model of GFM energy storage converter SMC system is established. Through the simulation analyses, it can be seen that the response time of the proposed strategy to complete the active support is about 0.65 s.
Addressing the altitudinal and geographical gradient in European beech via photosynthetic parameters: a case study on Calabrian beech transplanted to Denmark
Authors: Provazník Daniel , Stejskal Jan , Hansen Ole Kim , Čepl Jaroslav , Erichsen Eva Roland , Hansen Jon Kehlet , Zádrapová Dagmar , Tomášková Ivana
Published: July 2024

European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is becoming one of the go-to species in reconstructing declining conifer stands in Europe under climate change. Assisted migration may be considered when looking for suitable beech seedlings. Knowledge about the photosynthetic performance of beech seedlings is fundamental to understanding an essential part of their growth and survival potential in different planting conditions. We investigated the within-provenance variation in photosynthetic performance driven by altitude in contrast to inter-provenance variation given by geographical distance. The experiment was conducted on seedlings replanted in a Danish common garden comprising a cluster of provenances with various altitudinal subgroups transplanted from the Calabria region (Italy) and two local Danish provenances. Provenance and within-provenance variation in chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) kinetics, gas exchange (GE), flushing, and senescence were assessed. ChlF measurements revealed within-provenance differences based on altitude of origin and could distinguish between the two Danish provenances. In contrast, GE parameters detected variation in the geographical distance among Italian provenances. High-elevation subgroups of Italian provenances showed the best leaf-level photosynthetic performance in Danish weather conditions with high precipitation levels. Altitude of origin can be a significant source of within-provenance variation. We demonstrated that assessing this variation in young trees may be instrumental in maximizing the potential of provenance variation across diverse planting sites.
Cytosolic protein translation regulates cell asymmetry and function in early TCR activation of human CD8+ T lymphocytes
Authors: Gómez-Morón Álvaro , Tsukalov Ilya , Scagnetti Camila , Pertusa Clara , Lozano-Prieto Marta , Martínez-Fleta Pedro , Requena Silvia , Martín Pilar , Alfranca Aranzazu , Martin-Gayo Enrique , Martin-Cofreces Noa B
Published: July 2024

Introduction

CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are highly effective in defending against viral infections and tumours. They are activated through the recognition of peptide–MHC-I complex by the T-cell receptor (TCR) and co-stimulation. This cognate interaction promotes the organisation of intimate cell–cell connections that involve cytoskeleton rearrangement to enable effector function and clearance of the target cell. This is key for the asymmetric transport and mobilisation of lytic granules to the cell–cell contact, promoting directed secretion of lytic mediators such as granzymes and perforin. Mitochondria play a role in regulating CTL function by controlling processes such as calcium flux, providing the necessary energy through oxidative phosphorylation, and its own protein translation on 55S ribosomes. However, the effect of acute inhibition of cytosolic translation in the rapid response after TCR has not been studied in mature CTLs.

Methods

Here, we investigated the importance of cytosolic protein synthesis in human CTLs after early TCR activation and CD28 co-stimulation for the dynamic reorganisation of the cytoskeleton, mitochondria, and lytic granules through short-term chemical inhibition of 80S ribosomes by cycloheximide and 80S and 55S by puromycin.

Results

We observed that eukaryotic ribosome function is required to allow proper asymmetric reorganisation of the tubulin cytoskeleton and mitochondria and mTOR pathway activation early upon TCR activation in human primary CTLs.

Discussion

Cytosolic protein translation is required to increase glucose metabolism and degranulation capacity upon TCR activation and thus to regulate the full effector function of human CTLs.
Decadal timescale evolution of coral islands: insights from Lakshadweep Archipelago
Authors: Menon Shradha , Khanna Pankaj , Misra Saikat Kumar , Jorry Stephan J.
Published: July 2024

Low–lying coral islands are susceptible to rising sea levels and climate change, posing risks to island habitability over the next century. The decadal timescale evolution of the islands can provide an understanding of the governing controls of change and island response. This study investigates variations in the shoreline morphology of the Lakshadweep coral islands (Northern Indian Ocean/Arabian Sea) using satellite datasets (2003–2022; CNES/Airbus;0.3m – 0.7m resolution) and sedimentological data. Of the thirty islands (ten inhabited), six islands (Bangaram, Thinnakara, Suheli, Minicoy, Androth and Bitra) have been studied. Most of these islands are less than 1 km2 in size except Androth and Minicoy (>4 km2). While the data is discontinuous for the islands due to cloud obscuring, the shoreline morphology depicts variations for all the islands’ studied, irrespective of habitation and size. Larger islands have undergone consistent erosion since 2007 (total land loss is approximately 3 - 5% cumulatively). Smaller islands have undergone lateral migration, with sediment erosion usually along the southern edge and sediment migration and accumulation northwards, however, overall, their size remains consistently stable. The migration of sediments is observed only from 2007–2017, which coincides with severe El–Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and low amplitude positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events. Furthermore, sedimentological analysis along Bangaram’s (small island) accreting margin reveals unconsolidated bio-detrital grainstones with predominant sand-sized fractions (2 – 0.25mm). Corals (43%), molluscs (33%), forams (13%), and algae (8%) are the major sediment producers (with 3% unidentified bioclasts). The ongoing climate warming and ocean acidification will influence the carbonate sediment budget in addition to the changing hydrodynamics owing to monsoons, cyclones, and coupled ocean-atmospheric regional phenomenon, altering the sediment production, transport and accumulation on these islands. Furthermore, rising sea levels and consequent erosion by wave action might lead to rapid drowning in the next few centuries. Our study identifies the current status of the island size variability in the Lakshadweep Archipelago and how site-specific and global factors influence them, thus providing insights into assessing the habitability within these low-lying coral islands.
Iron species and sulfur isotopic compositions of authigenic pyrite in deep-sea sediments at southern Hydrate Ridge, Cascadia margin (ODP Leg 204): implications for non-steady-state depositional and diagenetic processes
Authors: Liu Chenhui , Jiang Shao-Yong , Su Xin , Bian Xiaopeng , Ding Hai , Li Da , Yang Tao
Published: July 2024

Two accretionary sediment sequences from Sites 1245 and 1252 recovered during Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 204 at southern Hydrate Ridge were investigated to explore the response of geochemical partitioning of iron and sulfur isotopic composition of authigenic pyrite to non-steady-state depositional and diagenetic scenarios. Five iron species were characterized by a modified sequential extraction procedure that covers almost all iron-bearing minerals in sediment cores, including: (1) iron-bearing carbonates, mainly siderite; (2) ferric (hydr)oxides, probably ferrihydrite and/or lepidocrocite; (3) magnetite; (4) iron-bearing silicates; and (5) pyrite. Highly reactive iron has been accumulated for a long-term steady-state history and its pyritization, to varying degrees, is limited by availability of dissolved sulfide. This causes pyrite and siderite occurred in the same sedimentary layer and shows an inverse relationship between their concentrations. From this, their proportions to highly reactive iron can be chosen for evaluating the degree of sulfidization. A significant change in sulfur isotopic composition of pyrite (-42.4 to +16.8‰ VCDT) indicates that the steady-state conditions are dramatically limited, where the δ34S values higher than -20‰ may result from an upward shift of SMT zone close to the seafloor or a sudden, massive depositional event. To explain the downcore sulfidization effects and pyrite δ34S values, we developed two categories of conceptual scenarios based on variations in sedimentation rate and methane flux. The geochemical features similar to those derived from each scenario were searched in the sediment columns and the non-steady-state events behind the scenarios were proved to be consistent with the real observations. Thus, iron species and pyrite δ34S values can be regarded as a proxy to differentiate different non-steady-state depositional and diagenetic controls on the sedimentary record.
Endothelial injury and decline in lung function in persons living with HIV: a prospective Danish cohort study including 698 adults
Authors: Rønn Christian , Knudsen Andreas Dehlbæk , Arentoft Nicoline Stender , Thudium Rebekka Faber , Heidari Safura-Luise , Sivapalan Pradeesh , Ulrik Charlotte S. , Benfield Thomas , Ostrowski Sisse Rye , Jensen Jens Ulrik Stæhr , Nielsen Susanne D.
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Endothelial injury may promote declining lung function. We aimed to investigate in well-treated persons living with HIV (PLWH) whether elevated levels of thrombomodulin (TM) and syndecan-1 (SDC1) are associated with excess lung function decline and worsening dyspnea.

Methods

A prospective cohort study comprising patients from the Copenhagen municipality. We included 698 PLWH with undetectable viral load. Biomarkers and demographics were measured at baseline, spirometry [forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC)] and dyspnea score both at baseline and 2-year follow-up.

Both biomarkers were dichotomized at the 3rd quartile. Decline in lung function was estimated using a linear mixed model with patient-specific random effect. Increase in dyspnea score was estimated using a general mixed logistic regression model.

Results

We did not find an association between elevated SDC1 or TM and an excess decline in neither FEV1: SDC1: 4.5 mL/year (95% CI: −3.9–12.9, p = 0.30), TM: 2.2 mL/year (95% CI: −6.0–10.4, p = 0.60) nor FVC: SDC1: 4.1 mL/year (95% CI: −6.0–14.2, p = 0.42), TM: 1.4 mL/year (95% CI: −8.3–11.1, p = 0.78). A subgroup analysis of never-smokers was consistent with the main analysis.

Likewise, we did not find any association between elevated SDC1 and TM and increase in dyspnea score: SDC1: OR 1.43 (95% CI: 0.89–2.30, p = 0.14), TM: OR 1.05 (95% CI: 0.65–1.71, p = 0.26).

Conclusion

We did not find a significant association between elevated biomarkers of endothelial injury and decline in lung function nor dyspnea.
Association between anesthesia assistance and precancerous lesions and early cancer detection during diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopy: a propensity score-matched retrospective study
Authors: Liu Yang , Gu Kaier
Published: July 2024

Background

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a fundamental procedure for early detection of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer. However, limited research has been conducted on the impact of sedation during EGD on the identification of precancerous lesions and early cancer (EC). This retrospective study aims to evaluate whether sedation during EGD can improve the detection rates of precancerous lesions and EC.

Methods

In this propensity score-matched retrospective study, we examined medical records from outpatients who underwent diagnostic EGD at a large tertiary center between January 2023 and December 2023. Data on endoscopic findings and histology biopsies were obtained from an endoscopy quality-control system. The primary objective was to compare the rates of detecting precancerous lesions and EC in patients who received sedation during EGD vs. those who did not receive sedation. Additionally, we aimed to identify factors influencing these detection rates using binary logistic regression analysis.

Results

Following propensity score matching, a total of 17,862 patients who underwent diagnostic EGD with or without propofol sedation were identified. The group that received sedation exhibited a higher detection rate of precancerous lesions and EC in comparison to the non-sedated group (1.04 vs. 0.75%; p = 0.039). Additionally, within the sedated group, there was an increased likelihood of identifying precancerous lesions and EC specifically at the gastric antrum (0.60 vs. 0.32%, p = 0.006). Binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated that independent risk factors influencing the detection rates included age, gender, observation time, and number of biopsies conducted during the procedure.

Conclusion

Anesthesia assistance during EGD screening proved advantageous in detecting EC as well as precancerous lesions. It is crucial for endoscopists to consider these factors when performing EGD screening procedures.
Phytofabrication, characterization of silver nanoparticles using Hippophae rhamnoides berries extract and their biological activities
Authors: Rana Neha , Banu A. Najitha , Kumar Bimlesh , Singh Sandeep K. , Abdel-razik Noha E. , Jalal Naif A. , Bantun Farkad , Vamanu Emanuel , Singh Mahendra P.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Fabrication of plant-based metal nanoparticles has yielded promising results, establishing this approach as viable, sustainable, and non-toxic in the biomedical sector for targeted drug delivery, diagnostic imaging, biosensing, cancer therapy, and antimicrobial treatments.

Methods

The present work demonstrates the suitability of Hippophae rhamnoides berries for the instant green synthesis of silver nanoparticles to check their antioxidant, lipid peroxidation, and antimicrobial potential. The preliminary characterization of Hippophae rhamnoides-mediated AgNPs was validated by monitoring the color shift in the solution from pale yellow to reddish brown, which was further confirmed by UV–vis spectroscopy and the plasmon peaks were observed at 450 nm. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to evaluate the surface topography and structure of AgNPs. Herein, the antioxidant potential of synthesized AgNPs was investigated using DPPH free radical assay and the antimicrobial efficacy of similar was checked against E. coli and S. aureus by following MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and MBC (Minimum bactericidal concentration) assay. Along with the inhibitory percentage of lipid peroxidation was analysed by following TBARS (Thiobarbituric acid reactive species) assay.

Results & discussion

The results revealed that the AgNPs were spherical in shape with an average size distribution within the range of 23.5–28 nm and a crystalline structure. Negative zeta potential (−19.7 mV) revealed the physical stability of synthesized AgNPs as the repulsive force to prevent immediate aggregation. The bioactive functional moieties involved in reducing bulk AgNO3 into AgNPs were further validated by FTIR. TBARS was adapted to test lipid peroxidation, and Hippophae rhamnoides-mediated AgNPs showed a 79% inhibition in lipid peroxidation compared to Hippophae rhamnoides berries extract as 65%. Furthermore, the antibacterial tests showed 37 ± 0.01 mm and 35 ± 0.0132 mm, zones of inhibition against E. coli MTCC 1698 and S. aureus MTCC 3160 with MIC and MBC values of 1 mg/mL, respectively.
A new strain of Rhodococcus indonesiensis T22.7.1T and its functional potential for deacetylation of chitin and chitooligsaccharides
Authors: Xie Junjie , Yin Doudou , Ou Junchao , Lu Bo , Liao Siming , Yang Dengfeng , Zhang Hongyan , Shen Naikun
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Chitin, abundant in marine environments, presents significant challenges in terms of transformation and utilization. A strain, T22.7.1T, with notable chitin deacetylation capabilities, was isolated from the rhizosphere ofAcanthus ebracteatusin the North Sea of China. Comparative 16S rDNA sequence analysis showed that the new isolate had the highest sequence similarity (99.79%) withRhodococcus indonesiensisCSLK01-03T, followed byR. ruberDSM 43338T,R. electrodiphilusJC435T, andR. aetherivorans10bc312T(98.97%, 98.81%, and 98.83%, respectively). Subsequent genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis confirmed that strain T22.7.1Tbelongs to theR. indonesiensisspecies. However, additional taxonomic characterization identified strain T22.7.1Tas a novel type strain ofR. indonesiensisdistinct from CSLK01-03T.

Methods

This study refines the taxonomic description ofR. indonesiensisand investigates its application in converting chitin into chitosan. The chitin deacetylase (RiCDA) activity of strain T22.7.1Twas optimized, and the enzyme was isolated and purified from the fermentation products.

Results

Through optimization, theRiCDA activity of strain T22.7.1Treached 287.02 U/mL, which is 34.88 times greater than the original enzyme’s activity (8.0 U/mL). The natural CDA enzyme was purified with a purification factor of 31.83, and the specific activity of the enzyme solution reached 1200.33 U/mg.RiCDA exhibited good pH and temperature adaptability and stability, along with a wide range of substrate adaptabilities, effectively deacetylating chitin, chitooligosaccharides, N-acetylglucosamine, and other substrates.

Discussion

Product analysis revealed thatRiCDA treatment increased the deacetylation degree (DD) of natural chitin to 83%, surpassing that of commercial chitosan. Therefore,RiCDA demonstrates significant potential as an efficient deacetylation tool for natural chitin and chitooligosaccharides, highlighting its applicability in the biorefining of natural polysaccharides.
Innovative regression model-based decision support tool for optimizing radiotherapy techniques in thoracic esophageal cancer
Authors: Li Yuxing , Ke Yue , Huang Xinran , Zhang Ruijuan , Su Wanghui , Ma Hongbing , He Pu , Cui Xinyue , Huang Shan
Published: July 2024

Background

Modern radiotherapy exemplified by intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), has transformed esophageal cancer treatment. Facing challenges in treating thoracic esophageal cancer near vital organs, this study introduces a regression model-based decision support tool for the optimal selection of radiotherapy techniques.

Methods

We enrolled 106 patients diagnosed with locally advanced thoracic esophageal cancer in this study and designed individualized IMRT and VMAT radiotherapy plans for each patient. Detailed dosimetric analysis was performed to evaluate the differences in dose distribution between the two radiotherapy techniques across various thoracic regions. Single-factor and multifactorial logistic regression analyses were employed to establish predictive models (P1 and P2) and factors such as TLV/PTV ratio. These models were used to predict the compliance and potential advantages of IMRT and VMAT plans. External validation was performed in a validation group of 30 patients.

Results

Using predictive models, we developed a data-driven decision support tool. For upper thoracic cases, VMAT plans were recommended; for middle/lower thoracic cases, the tool guided VMAT/IMRT choices based on TLV/PTV ratio. Models P1 and P2 assessed IMRT and VMAT compliance. In validation, the tool showed high specificity (90.91%) and sensitivity (78.95%), differentiating IMRT and VMAT plans. Balanced performance in compliance assessment demonstrated tool reliability.

Conclusion

In summary, our regression model-based decision support tool provides practical guidance for selecting optimal radiotherapy techniques for thoracic esophageal cancer patients. Despite a limited sample size, the tool demonstrates potential clinical benefits, alleviating manual planning burdens and ensuring precise, individualized treatment decisions for patients.
Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix: a case report
Authors: Li Chunmei , Wu Maoyuan , Zhang Wenwen , Jiang Xiaoling , Zhang Lixia , Wang Gangcheng , He Lianli
Published: July 2024

Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma (LCNEC) of the cervix is an extremely rare but highly aggressive type of cervical cancer and it requires multimodal therapy to improve their quality of life. At present, there are no established, standardized treatment protocols for managing large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix. In this report, we present a case of a patient with cervical LCNEC, Who was a 39-year-old woman who presented with irregular vaginal bleeding accompanied by lower abdominal distension for over a month. Examination revealed a cauliflower-like cervical mass approximately 4cm in diameter, with the normal cervical architecture distorted and partially fused to the vaginal wall. Following further investigations, the stage assigned was IVB, and who was started on neoadjuvant chemotherapy with the TC (paclitaxel + carboplatin) regimen but during neoadjuvant chemotherapy, The patient developed a vaginal urinary leakage. Then, The patient underwent a comprehensive treatment regimen that included pelvic exenteration, urinary system reconstruction, pelvic floor reconstruction, and chemotherapy. Given the patient’s positive immunohistochemistry for EGFR, the treatment was combined with the anti-angiogenic drug, bevacizumab. The patient achieved complete remission following the comprehensive treatment. Through this case to explore individualized treatment for cervical LCNEC.
Case Report: C3 deficiency in two siblings
Authors: Bernacchia Agustín , Ginaca Alejandra , Rotondo Sabrina , Tejada María Pilar , Di Giovanni Daniela
Published: July 2024

The complement system, a vital component of innate immunity, consists of various proteins and pathways crucial for the recognition and elimination of pathogens. In addition, it plays a major role in the initiation of adaptive response through the opsonization of antigens, contributing to B-cell activation and memory maintenance. Deficiencies in complement proteins, particularly C3, can lead to severe and recurrent infections as well as immune complex disorders. Here, we present a case report of two siblings with total C3 deficiency resulting from compound heterozygous mutations in C3 (NM_000064.4): c.305dup; [p.Asn103GlnfsTer66] and c.1269 + 5G>T, previously unreported in C3-related diseases. Both, the index case and her sister, presented a history of recurrent infections since early childhood and one of them developed hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Immunological evaluation revealed absent plasma C3 levels, decreased memory B cells, hypogammaglobulinemia, and impaired response to polysaccharide antigens. The siblings showed partial responses to antimicrobial prophylaxis and vaccination, requiring intravenous immunoglobulin replacement therapy, resulting in clinical improvement. Genetic analysis identified additional risk polymorphisms associated with atypical HUS. This case highlights the importance of comprehensive genetic and immunological evaluations in complement deficiencies, along with the potential role of immunoglobulin replacement therapy in managing associated antibody defects.
Commercial Chinese polyherbal preparation: current status and future perspectives
Authors: Chenyao Zhang , Haiyin Hu , Menglong Shi , Yucong Ma , Fauci Alice Josephine , Lee Myeong Soo , Xiaolei Wu , Junhua Zhang , Zhaochen Ji
Published: July 2024

Objective

With the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) industry, the investment in research and development of new commercial Chinese polyherbal preparations (CCPPs) is increasing, and the varieties of CCPPs are growing. CCPPs play an increasingly important role in the TCM industry. This study has comprehensively summarized and analyzed the current situation of CCPPs that has been on the market in China, and provided suggestions for the research and promotion of CCPPs.

Methods

This study took the CCPPs approved for marketing in domestic drug database of the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) as the research object, and combined with the publication of related randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of CCPPs in 2020–2022 and the sales of CCPPs in domestic chain pharmacies, statistical analysis was carried out on the drug name, pharmaceutical companies, dosage form, number of flavors, CBDs, ICD-11 classification of diseases treated, etc.

Results

Currently, 58,409 approvals for CCPPs have been issued in China, involving 9,986 varieties of CCPPs, 2,896 pharmaceutical companies and 39 dosage forms. The number of flavors of prescriptions of CCPPs varies from 1 to 90, among which Glycyrrhiza glabra L. [Fabaceae; Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma] and Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels [Apiaceae; Angelicae sinensis radix] are the most widely used. The study found that the CCPPs with the most diverse variety is CCPPs for the treatment of respiratory diseases, some CCPPs can treat multiple system diseases. According to the survey, the sales of CCPPs for respiratory diseases in the chain pharmacies account for more than 1/3 of the total sales of the chain pharmacies, while the number of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on CCPPs for circulatory diseases was the largest.

Conclusion

The approval process of CCPPs should be further standardized, and the transformation of TCM prescriptions into CCPPs should be promoted. In the approval process of CCPPs, it is suggested to strengthen the supervision of drug names to clarify the differences between the CCPPs of same name but different prescriptions. Improve the effectiveness and safety of CCPPs by improving the quality of CBDs. It is suggested to optimize the design of new drug research program of CCPPs to avoid waste of research resources.
Emerging roles of non-coding RNAs in fibroblast to myofibroblast transition and fibrotic diseases
Authors: Xing Xuewu , Rodeo Scott A.
Published: July 2024

The transition of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts (FMT) represents a pivotal process in wound healing, tissue repair, and fibrotic diseases. This intricate transformation involves dynamic changes in cellular morphology, gene expression, and extracellular matrix remodeling. While extensively studied at the molecular level, recent research has illuminated the regulatory roles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in orchestrating FMT. This review explores the emerging roles of ncRNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), in regulating this intricate process. NcRNAs interface with key signaling pathways, transcription factors, and epigenetic mechanisms to fine-tune gene expression during FMT. Their functions are critical in maintaining tissue homeostasis, and disruptions in these regulatory networks have been linked to pathological fibrosis across various tissues. Understanding the dynamic roles of ncRNAs in FMT bears therapeutic promise. Targeting specific ncRNAs holds potential to mitigate exaggerated myofibroblast activation and tissue fibrosis. However, challenges in delivery and specificity of ncRNA-based therapies remain. In summary, ncRNAs emerge as integral regulators in the symphony of FMT, orchestrating the balance between quiescent fibroblasts and activated myofibroblasts. As research advances, these ncRNAs appear to be prospects for innovative therapeutic strategies, offering hope in taming the complexities of fibrosis and restoring tissue equilibrium.
Efflux ABC transporters in drug disposition and their posttranscriptional gene regulation by microRNAs
Authors: Wang Yimei , Tu Mei-Juan , Yu Ai-Ming
Published: July 2024

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are transmembrane proteins expressed commonly in metabolic and excretory organs to control xenobiotic or endobiotic disposition and maintain their homeostasis. Changes in ABC transporter expression may directly affect the pharmacokinetics of relevant drugs involving absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) processes. Indeed, overexpression of efflux ABC transporters in cancer cells or bacteria limits drug exposure and causes therapeutic failure that is known as multidrug resistance (MDR). With the discovery of functional noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) produced from the genome, many miRNAs have been revealed to govern posttranscriptional gene regulation of ABC transporters, which shall improve our understanding of complex mechanism behind the overexpression of ABC transporters linked to MDR. In this article, we first overview the expression and localization of important ABC transporters in human tissues and their clinical importance regarding ADME as well as MDR. Further, we summarize miRNA-controlled posttranscriptional gene regulation of ABC transporters and effects on ADME and MDR. Additionally, we discuss the development and utilization of novel bioengineered miRNA agents to modulate ABC transporter gene expression and subsequent influence on cellular drug accumulation and chemosensitivity. Findings on posttranscriptional gene regulation of ABC transporters shall not only improve our understanding of mechanisms behind variable ADME but also provide insight into developing new means towards rational and more effective pharmacotherapies.
Two-dimensional electromagnetic scattering analysis based on the boundary element method
Authors: Hu Qian , Liu Chengmiao
Published: July 2024

An effective formula for the shape-sensitivity analysis of electromagnetic scattering is presented in this paper. First, based on the boundary element method, a new electromagnetic scattering formula is derived by combining the traditional electromagnetic scattering formula with the non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) curve, and the geometric model is represented by NURBS, which ensures the geometric accuracy, avoids the heavy grid division in the optimization process, and realizes the fast calculation of high-fidelity numerical solutions. Second, by deducing the sensitivity variables, the electromagnetic scattering equation of shape optimization is obtained, which can provide reliable data references for shape optimization. Finally, the effectiveness and accuracy of the algorithm are demonstrated by an example, and the sensitivity data of some examples are given.
Traditional Chinese medicine constitution and sarcopenia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Chi , Zhang He , Nie Xin , Ding Fei , Liu Qianhui , Hou Lisha , Deng Yiping , Ye Wenbin , Yue Jirong , He Yong
Published: July 2024

Objective

Sarcopenia is a gradually advancing systemic disorder affecting skeletal muscles, primarily distinguished by diminished muscle mass and functional decline. As of present, a universally accepted diagnostic criterion for sarcopenia has yet to be established. From the perspective of the constitution theory in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the Yin-deficiency constitution is believed to have a significant correlation with the development of sarcopenia. The primary objective of this study was to examine the potential association between sarcopenia and Yin-deficiency constitution.

Methods

The present study is a cross-sectional analysis. The Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) recommended a diagnostic criterion for sarcopenia. A total of 141 participants over 50 years of age were diagnosed with sarcopenia. To determine the constitution of each patient, classification and determination standards were used in traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, a combination of logistic regression and propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to analyze a dataset comprising 1,372 eligible observations. The diagnostic efficacy of the test in distinguishing sarcopenia was assessed through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results

The relationship between Yin-deficiency constitution and sarcopenia was examined using logistic regression analysis. In the crude model, the odds ratio (OR) was found to be 3.20 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.70–6.03). After adjusting for various confounding factors, including gender, sex, 6 m walking test/(m/s), SMI, and maximum grip strength/kg, the OR increased to 9.70 (95% CI: 3.20–69.38). The associations between seven other biased traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitutions and sarcopenia were not found to be statistically significant in the fully adjusted model. The propensity score matching (PSM) analysis yielded consistent results with the logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the AUC of the Yin-deficiency constitution combined with age and gender reached 0.707.

Conclusion

Among the nine TCM constitutions examined, the Yin-deficiency constitution demonstrates an independent association with sarcopenia. Yin-deficiency constitution may serve as a potential risk factor for the development of sarcopenia. To establish a causal relationship, further experimental investigations are warranted. The diagnostic performance of sarcopenia is effectively demonstrated by the Yin-deficiency constitution combined with age and gender.
Aspiration pneumonia in nursing literature—a mapping review
Authors: Lisiecka Dominika , Kearns Áine , Evans William , Farrell Dawn
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Aspiration pneumonia (AP) is an infection of the lungs caused by inhalation of material. The reported incidences vary across literature and clinical populations and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Management of AP is best carried out by a multidisciplinary team.

Methods

This aim of this review was to collate and describe the available evidence on AP to develop a greater understanding of the concept of AP as it is represented in the nursing literature. As a collaborative team, we undertook the six stages of a systematic mapping review. We searched for the term aspiration pneumonia in 200 peer reviewed nursing journals across 10 databases, over a ten-year period (2013–2023).

Results

In this review, 293 papers were coded. Dysphagia, oral health and tube feeding emerged as the most frequent risk factors for AP, and the most reported factors for preventing this condition. Mortality was the most commonly described consequence of AP, followed by hospitalisations and morbidity. Multiple management approaches were reported including dysphagia assessment, risk evaluation, oral care and texture modification of food and fluids. The role of nurses and interprofessional collaborations were described.

Discussion

Despite limited evidence related to the topic of AP in the nursing literature, the complexity of the causes, prevention, management and consequences of AP emerged. Certain factors, such as dysphagia, oral health, and tube feeding, were described under prevention, cause and management of AP. The importance of multidisciplinary approach in the management and prevention of AP was presented.