bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi‐objective optimization of ultrasonic vibration‐assisted drilling in carbon fiber reinforced polyetherketoneketone laminate
Authors: Wu Nan , Zhang Liqiang , Zhang Meihua , Zhao Man , Liu Gang
Published: October 2024

Carbon fiber reinforced polyetherketoneketone (CF/PEKK) possess excellent mechanical properties and also meet low‐carbon environmental standards, leading to their increasingly widespread application in recent years. To ensure the strength of mechanical connections, it is crucial to minimize drilling damage. This paper utilizes Ultrasonic Vibration‐Assisted Drilling (UVAD) to enhance hole‐making quality, comparing multiple drilling performance indicators with Conventional Drilling (CD), including thrust force, drilling temperature, delamination factor, and burr factor. The results demonstrate that UVAD significantly reduces thrust force and drilling temperature, decreases delamination and burring damage, and effectively improves hole quality. To further optimize processing parameters, the Non‐dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA‐II) was used, targeting thrust force, Material removal rate (MRR), and delamination factor as optimization goals. The reliability of the model was verified through experimentations. This paper provides an effective technical approach for high‐quality drilling in CF/PEKK materials, offering significant practical application value for material processing in aerospace and other fields.

Highlights

The quality of CF/PEKK processed by CD and UVAD was compared.

UVAD can effectively improve the quality of drilling.

The drilling parameters were optimized by NSGA‐II.

The reliability of the prediction model was verified by experiments.
Determination of high‐strength polymer composite reinforcement effect on the armor‐grade aluminum plates' explosion resistance—A computational perspective
Authors: Patel Murlidhar , Patel Shivdayal
Published: October 2024

The selection of highly efficient materials is a crucial task for designing protective structures or armor against extreme explosive loadings. Due to the high strength‐to‐weight ratio of various grades of aluminum alloys and composites, they are mostly preferred for making protective structures. Investigation of their explosion resistance characteristics through experiments is very costly, dangerous, and time‐consuming. Hence, the present work deals with a cost‐effective numerical analysis on explosion resistance performance evaluation of various armor‐grade aluminum alloy plates of the same areal densities under 1–3 kilograms of trinitrotoluene explosions at a 100 mm stand‐off distance. The superior‐performance aluminum alloy plate is further reinforced with a high‐strength carbon/epoxy polymer composite to enhance its performance. The masses of the plates are maintained constant throughout the study. The Johnson‐Cook rate‐dependent material model and a progressive damage model including Hashin with Puck‐Schumann failure criteria were used to determine the realistic failures in the aluminum alloys and polymer composites, respectively. The outcomes of the study showed that the AA7075‐T6 plate has the highest deformation resistance under extreme explosion loadings. Carbon fiber‐reinforced aluminum laminate (CRALL) showed improved deformation resistance and energy absorption than those of the same mass of monolithic plate.

Highlights

Explosion resistance of various aluminum alloys of equal masses is compared.

AA7075‐T6 provides better protection against blast compared with other alloys.

To design CRALL, a carbon/epoxy composite used to reinforce the AA7075‐T6.

CRALL provides 16.3% smaller peak deflection than the same mass of AA7075‐T6.

CRALL improved energy absorption by 29.3% compared with same mass of AA7075‐T6.
Development of Flexible Hydrophobic Polypropylene/SPCB/GNP Hybrid Nanocomposite Films With Excellent EMI Shielding and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Somarajan Arjun , Paul Rhiya , Joseph Kuruvilla
Published: October 2024

The demand for effective electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials has driven the development of novel and facile approach for fabrication of conductive polymer nanocomposites. In this study, a polypropylene (PP)‐based hybrid nanocomposite was prepared by incorporating Super P conductive carbon black (SPCB) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) via latex technology. A simplistic method of fabrication was adopted where the nanofillers were stirred into the PP latex at room temperature, ensuring the proper dispersion of fillers within the matrix. Hybridizing the nanocomposite by the usage of two different fillers has resulted in a substantial improvement in EMI shielding performance of the material along with its mechanical and thermal properties. The samples were fabricated and tested in three different thicknesses to ensure that EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) is a thickness dependent property and also the studies were carried out over a broad range of microwave frequency. A high electrical conductivity of 7.6 S m−1 was obtained and exceptional EMI SE of 65 dB (X band), 69.76 dB (Ku band), and 72.38 dB (K band) was showcased by 2 mm thickness composites. The optical images of PP latex incorporated with the fillers gave a clear understanding about the formation of conducting networks within the polymer matrix at percolation threshold. The addition of SPCB and GNP also showed a significant increase in hardness and tensile strength of the composite and helped in protecting the polymer matrix against photo radiation. The fillers also aided in the enhancement of the hydrophobicity of the films. The thermal stability, crystallization temperature (T
C) and melting temperature (T
M) of the composites were also improved when compared to that of neat The works aims at fabricating a hydrophobic and low‐density polymer nanocomposite showing excellent absorption dominant EMI SE.
A Marine‐Derived Small Molecule Inhibits Prostate Cancer Growth by Promoting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Induced Apoptosis and Autophagy
Authors: Ding Mao , He Mu , Li Dan , Ding Shuaishuai , Dong Chenjia , Zhao Hongchao , Song Huajie , Hong Kui , Zhu Hengcheng
Published: October 2024

MHO7 (6‐epi‐ophiobolin G), a novel component extracted from a mangrove fungus, exhibits significant anticancer effects against breast cancer. However, the precise mechanism underlying the anticancer effects of MHO7 in prostate cancer (PCa) is yet to be fully elucidated. Therefore, this study was undertaken to assess the effect of MHO7 on PCa cells and elucidate its underlying mechanism. A series of in vitro experiments were conducted, including Cell Counting Kit‐8, and plate clone formation assays, flow cytometry analysis, electron microscopy, immunofluorescence staining, western blotting, and molecular dynamics simulation. Additionally, in vivo tumor xenograft models were employed. Our findings revealed that MHO7 could induce cellular autophagy at low concentration (2 μM) and apoptosis at relatively high concentration (4 and 8 μM), leading to significant PCa cell growth inhibition. Furthermore, MHO7 triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which subsequently stimulated autophagy and apoptosis via IRE1α/XBP‐1s signaling pathway activation. Notably, IRE1α knockdown markedly reduced MHO7‐induced autophagy and apoptosis. Moreover, MHO7 targeted the IRE1α protein, thereby enhancing its stability. MHO7 also exhibited substantial anticancer activity in tumor xenograft models. Our study revealed that MHO7 holds considerable potential as an anticancer agent against PCa, attributable to its activation of ER stress‐induced autophagy and apoptosis at different concentrations, facilitated by the upregulation of IRE1α expression.
Cooperative Spacing Control of Vehicle Platoon via Relative Output Feedback Considering Analog Fading Networks
Authors: Shen Zhiping , Guo Huarui , Liu Yonggui , Li Zeming , Wu Yilin
Published: October 2024

The influence of analog fading channels on platoon control performance is studied via relative output feedback. The main goal is to determine the existence of a distributed output feedback controller capable of achieving mean square stability (MSS) for the underlying vehicle platoon systems over analog fading channels. First, the conditions, closely associated with the statistical characteristics of fading channels, for achieving platoon MSS are derived for three cases: undirected information flow (UIF) topology with identical fading channels, balanced directed information flow (BDIF) topology with identical fading channels, and general information flow topology (IFT) with nonidentical fading channels, respectively. These conditions explicitly reveal how the statistical characteristics of fading channels and IFT jointly affect vehicular stability. Second, in order to mitigate the impact of fading channels on platoon MSS, some feasible dynamic observer‐based controllers by using the relative output feedback, are proposed for each one of the former two situations by solving the corresponding modified Riccati inequalities (MRIs); and in the last situation, by employing edge Laplacian to model the vehicle platoon dynamics, a sufficient condition based on the solution of an LMI, and a feasible state‐based controller based on the solution of an MRI, are provided. Finally, simulations are carried out to compare three distinct fading channels, namely the Nakagami channel, Rician channel, and Rayleigh channel. The outcomes substantiate the superior and effective performance of the implemented control methods in guaranteeing the platoon MSS.
Observer‐Based Attack Detection and Data‐Driven Resilient Control for Heterogeneous Nonlinear Nonaffine Mass Under FDI Attacks
Authors: Yang Chen , Che Wei‐Wei
Published: October 2024

The attack detection and data‐driven resilient control problem for heterogeneous nonlinear nonaffine multi‐agent systems (MASs) in the presence of intermittent false data injection (FDI) attacks is investigated in this article. First, an attack detection and isolation mechanism based on the distributed observer are designed to determine the attack signals and isolate the attacked communication links in time. Then, in order to solve the problem of the unknown system model, the dynamic linearization method is used to convert the nonlinear nonaffine MASs into an equivalent linear data model. Further, based on the linear data model, the data‐driven resilient controller with the attack isolation mechanism is designed to achieve the leader‐following tracking control objective. Finally, the simulation result illustrates the performance of the proposed scheme with comparisons.
European waste management regulations in Spanish local administrations: Compliance assessment and integration Frontiers
Authors: Sobrino‐García Itziar
Published: October 2024

This research analyzes the impact of European directives, particularly the Waste Framework Directive, on municipal waste management in Spain, with a focus on Law 7/2022 promoting circular economy principles. Through an assessment of waste management ordinances in 980 municipalities, the study found that over 60% of local ordinances have not yet fully incorporated the latest regulatory requirements, indicating significant delays in adapting to European regulations. The findings reveal notable disparities in compliance, with larger municipalities showing higher adaptation rates compared to smaller ones. Additionally, regions like Catalonia and the Balearic Islands have adopted innovative approaches, including ‘pay‐as‐you‐throw’ schemes and community composting. The study underscores the critical need for better integration of circular economy principles, enhanced monitoring, and increased public awareness to promote sustainable waste management practices. By identifying regulatory gaps, this research aims to provide practical insights for improving local waste management policies and fostering greater compliance with EU mandates.
Quinoline Based thiazolidinediones: Design, Synthesis, In Silico, In Vitro, Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Evaluation
Authors: Mohd Sharfuddin , Bidye Durgesh Paresh , Dixit Sheshagiri R , Revanasiddappa B. C. , Harish Vancha , Kumar Rakesh , Sharma Vikas
Published: October 2024

In the present research work a sequence of substituted quinoline based thiazolidinedione moieties (12a–h) were designed and synthesized as potential antidiabetic agents. Pancreatic α‐amylase (PAA) and intestinal α‐glucosidase (IAG) enzymes were considered as potential targets for effective treatment of diabetes. The potential of all compounds (12a–h) was assessed in vitro against PAA and IAG using acarbose as standard. The results suggested that compound 12h has shown superior PAA and IAG inhibitory activity with respective to standard (IC50 = 4.683 ± 0.06 µM and 2.456 ± 0.07 µM). Furthermore, using computational (in silico) studies like AutoDock and Desmond, predicted the significant binding interactions responsible for the activity of all compounds (12a–h) at the active site of enzymes, while SwissADME and Osiris property explorer tools computed in silico drug likeliness and toxicity properties. The RMSD, RMSF, Rg and protein ligand contacts, confirmed the stable binding of compound 12h and 12g with the both PAA and IAG proteins. The in silico results confirmed the 12h molecule as a superior drug with high binding affinity and good drug likeness against PAA and IAG, confirming in vitro results. We also studied antioxidant activity (AOA) of all synthesized compounds and results confined that the compound 12h has good antioxidant potential (IC50 = 5.04 ± 0.054 µM) among all other compounds. In conclusion, in vitro, in silico and antioxidant studies revealed 12h compound was found to be potential compound.
Anticancer Activity of Green Synthesized Manganese Doped Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Prepared by Using Acacia Concinna Fruit Extract
Authors: Nayak Nibedita , Suryakanta Uday , Mandal Dindyal , Sahoo Tapas Ranjan
Published: October 2024

Pure CeO2 and Ce1‐xMnxO2, where x = 0, 2, 4 and 6% w/w, were synthesized by sol‐gel method using Acacia Concinna fruit extract as a surfactant and stabilizing agent. The synthesized particles were subjected to various characterization techniques, including XRD, HRTEM, FESEM, FTIR, Raman and UV‐Visible spectroscopy. The XRD pattern of the samples demonstrated single phase of CeO2, with cubic fluorite type structure and crystallite size of 6–7 nm. The morphology of the nanoparticles (NPs) was analyzed by FESEM and HRTEM which illustrated an aggregate of irregular spherical nanoparticles and the average particle size is around 18 nm. Raman spectroscopy validated the phase purity and indicated about the structural defects caused by the dopants. The bandgap energy of CeO2 NPs is calculated to be 3.00 eV from the Tauc plot of UV‐Visible spectroscopy, which gradually decreased to 2.43 eV with increase in manganese doping. Cytotoxicity studies signified the role of Mn‐doped CeO2 NPs as a potential nanotherapeutic agent for cancer treatment. The cell viability assay showed that 200 µg/mL of 6% Mn‐doped CeO2 nanoparticles exhibited remarkable cytotoxic effect by inhibiting 50% of cancer cells both in breast and colon cancer cell lines without affecting the healthy cell lines.
Aryl/Hetero‐Aryl Tosylates as Coupling Partners in Metal‐Mediated Suzuki and Hiyama Cross‐Coupling Reactions in Ionic Liquids: Ligand‐Free Facile Synthesis of Biaryls/Heterobiaryls
Authors: Jadhav Vinod , Kurahatti Sunita , Anchi Athmanand , Jamadar Imamhusen , Kalkhambkar Rajesh G. , Sutar Suraj M. , Kurkuri Mahaveer , Refat Moamen S. , Alsuhaibani Amnah Mohammed
Published: October 2024

Diverse libraries of biaryls/heterobiaryls were synthesized by aryl/hetero‐aryl tosylates as coupling partners in the ligand‐free, Ni‐catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction, and Pd‐catalyzed Hiyama cross‐coupling reaction in ionic liquids (ILs) as green solvent. In this method easily available and economically viable tosylates were coupled with readily available boronic acids and phenyltriethoxysilanes in Suzuki and Hiyama cross‐coupling respectively to yield the corresponding biaryls/heterobiaryls. Mild reaction condition(s), easy workup, moderate to excellent yield of the isolated pure products, wide substrate scope, and recycling/reuse of the ILs are the advantages of this method over the other reported methods.
Preventing Nitrite Desorption via Switching Hydrogenation Position: A Dual‐Site Approach for Selective Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia
Authors: Meng Xianbin , Wang Kui , Zhao Zhiqiang , Li Kai , Sun Wenming , Lin Yuqing
Published: October 2024

The electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR), which converts harmful nitrates into valuable ammonia (NH3) with zero carbon emission, is one of the most promising alternatives to the Haber–Bosch process. However, the NO3RR process is complex and involves multiple proton‐coupled electron transfers that generate intermediates or byproducts, such as NO2−, resulting in low ammonia yields and faradaic efficiency (FE). Herein, by constructing a FeCu bimetallic catalyst (FeCu‐NC), the hydrogenation position of *NO3 is switched at the FeCu dual‐atom site, preventing the desorption of *NO2 intermediate. Furthermore, electron transfer from Cu to Fe sites mimics the electron flow direction in natural nitrite reductase enzymes and accelerates the reduction of *NO2 to NH3, achieving efficient conversion of NO3− to NH3. A 24‐hour electrocatalytic experiment with FeCu‐NC demonstrates negligible NO2− formation throughout the NO3RR process, with an ammonia production rate of 6.13 mg h−1 mgcat−1 and an impressive FE of 95%, which are remarkably superior in comparison to most of the NO3RR electrocatalysts. This work opens new avenues for the fundamental understanding of catalytic mechanisms and the development of next‐generation catalysts for sustainable ammonia production.
Unveiling the Key Obstacle in Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting Reaction on Poly (heptazine imide) Semiconductors
Authors: Pan Zhiming , Zhang Guigang , Zhang Xirui , Xing Wandong , Zheng Dandan , Wang Sibo , Hou Yidong , Wang Xinchen
Published: October 2024

Poly (heptazine imide) (PHI), a classic 2D polymeric photocatalyst, represents a promising organic semiconductor for photocatalytic overall water splitting (POWS). However, since the key bottleneck in POWS of PHI remains unclear, its quantum efficiency of POWS is extremely restrained. To identify the key obstacle in POWS on the PHI, a series of PHI with different stacking modes is synthesized by tuning interlayer cations. The structural characterizations revealed that tuning the interlayer cations of PHI can induce rearrangements in interlayer stacking modes. Additionally, charge carriers dynamics uncover that optimizing the interlayer stacking modes of PHI can promote exciton diffusion and prolong the photoexcited electron lifetimes, thus improving the concentration of surface‐reaching charge. More importantly, this confirms that the POWS activity of PHI is closely correlated with the interlayer stacking modes. This work offers new insight into structural regulation for governing charge‐transport dynamics and the activity of 2D polymeric photocatalysts.
Sperm Cryopreservation in Canaries to Protect Endangered Songbird Species: Comparison of Different Cryoprotectants
Authors: Onur Özkök Arda , Esin Burcu , Akal Eser
Published: October 2024

Sperm cryopreservation is a rather complex process that needs to be adapted to wild and domestic bird species to ensure adequate efficiency. This study aimed to determine the usability of different cryoprotectants in the cryopreservation of Gloster canary sperm. For this purpose, sperm samples were collected from 12 2‐year‐old male Gloster canaries three times a week using cloacal massage for 4 weeks. After individual evaluation, sperm samples from the canaries were combined. Mixed sperm were divided into two groups in the study. Overall, 8% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ethylene glycol (EG) were used as cryoprotectants. Sperm samples were drawn into straws after adding Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) extender with high glucose ratio and two different cryoprotectants in a 1:1 ratio and frozen to −80°C with liquid nitrogen vapour and then stored in liquid nitrogen at −196°C. Frozen‐thawed semen samples were evaluated regarding motility, vitality, plasma membrane integrity (hypoosmotic swelling test [HOST]), density and abnormal spermatozoa rate. The highest motility value after freezing and thawing was determined in the EG group with 31.667% ± 4.773%. In addition, vitality, plasma membrane integrity and normal sperm morphology were statistically significantly higher in the EG‐frozen group, whereas head and tail abnormality was low (p < 0.05). This study determined that a DMEM extender containing 8% EG was more advantageous than a DMEM containing DMSO regarding spermatological parameters and could be used for long‐term storage of canary sperm.
Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Chick Embryo: Immunomodulatory, Hepatic and Biochemical Alterations
Authors: Islam Md. Sadequl , Amin Md. Nurul , Begum Mst. Deloara
Published: October 2024

Background

The utilization of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) has significantly increased across various industries.

Objectives

This study rigorously explored the impact of TiO2 NPs exposure on chicken embryos, focusing particularly on alterations in the immune system, liver functionality and key biochemical markers.

Methods

The study involved three groups of 30 eggs each, subjected to increasing doses of TiO2 NPs: Group C (control), Group T1 (150 µg/mL) and Group T2 (300 µg/mL). After 48 h of incubation, the eggs in Groups T1 and T2 each received an injection of 0.3 mL of the TiO2 NPs solution. In contrast, the eggs in the control group (Group C) were injected with 0.3 mL of saline solution. Histopathological changes were analysed using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, whereas amniotic fluid's biochemical properties were examined photometrically. The study also assessed the expression of immune genes (AvBD9, IL6 and IL8L2) through quantitative PCR. The evaluations included growth metrics, amniotic fluid biochemistry and histological analysis of the liver, caecal tonsil and bursa of Fabricius.

Results

The results revealed subcutaneous haemorrhage, significant reductions in total body weight and marked changes in biochemical markers, including urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), in the amniotic fluid of the groups treated with TiO2 NPs, compared to the control. Histological examinations indicated noticeable alterations in the liver, caecal tonsil and bursa of Fabricius following TiO2 NP exposure. These alterations were characterized by disruptions in cellular structures and variations in lymphocyte counts. Furthermore, a notable decrease in the expression of immunity genes, namely, AvBD9, IL8L2 and IL6, was observed in the TiO2 NP‐treated groups compared to the control.

Conclusion

The findings underscore the need for risk assessments of TiO2 NPs exposure due to its impact on development and immunity. Future research should explore its impact on neurodevelopment and degeneration.
Marked osteopenia as a CT feature of confirmed multiple myeloma in a dog
Authors: Natsiopoulos Thomas , Jolly Frahija Ico Thais , Kilpatrick Scott , Ramalho Furtado Ana Rita
Published: October 2024

A 6‐year‐old, female, spayed Airedale terrier, presented with a 7‐day history of right pelvic limb lameness and a 2‐day history of gingival bleeding and melaena. A mild bi‐cytopenia had been reported 2 years before during a regular check‐up, and this was still present a week before referral. A computed tomographic study of the thorax and abdomen showed marked osteopenia and multifocal coalescent areas of geographic osteolysis affecting predominantly the axial skeleton with concurrent pathological rib fractures. Bone marrow cytology and histopathology were compatible with multiple myeloma given an increased numbers of plasma cells (>70%). To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of marked generalised osteopenia detected as a computed tomography imaging feature of multiple myeloma.
The GraphBRAIN Framework for Knowledge Graph Management and Its Applications to Cultural Heritage
Authors: Ferilli Stefano , Bernasconi Eleonora , Di Pierro Davide , Redavid Domenico
Published: October 2024

The traditional record-based approach to the description of Cultural Heritage is nowadays obsolete. It is unable to properly handle complex descriptions and it cannot support advanced functions provided by Artificial Intelligence techniques for helping practitioners, scholars, researchers and end-users in carrying out their tasks. A graph-based, semantic approach is needed, such as that provided by Semantic Web solutions. Also, a ‘holistic’ description approach is needed, that includes and inter-connects all branches and types of Cultural Heritage, and that is not limited to describing just the formal metadata of cultural objects, but can deal with their content, physicality, context and lifecycle, as well. The GraphBRAIN framework and technology for Knowledge Graph management enforces all these ideas and enjoys improved efficiency, expressiveness, and flexibility thanks to the use of the LPG model for knowledge representation. This paper describes GraphBRAIN and its application to several Cultural Heritage-related fields, including digital libraries, archives and museums, history of computing, and tourism as a way to boost fruition of these items.
Common Language for Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability in Historical Demography
Authors: Mourits Rick J. , Riswick Tim , Stapel Rombert
Published: October 2024

One of the biggest challenges in the transition to open science is making data interoperable. Ideally, existing schemas and vocabularies are (re-)used to describe data, but these are generally problematic for historical data, as they exclude historical concepts and are insensitive to temporal variations in meaning. Therefore, the subdiscipline of historical demography has designed its own schemas and vocabularies to standardize historical data, as researchers require them to make and study large-scale reconstructions of populations and life courses. We introduce a web environment called CLAIR-HD that helps researchers to find vocabularies to standardize historical demographic data, and determine lacunae in the standardization of data within the field of historical demography.
End-to-End AI Generated Runtime Verification from Natural Language Specification
Authors: Cohen Itay , Peled Doron
Published: October 2024

We demonstrate how LLMs can be harnessed to synthesize runtime verification monitors from natural language specifications. We instruct the LLM through prompts to assemble the monitors through a sequence of stages. To start with, we employ the learned insights LLMs possess regarding linear temporal logic for translating natural language specifications into propositional past time LTL formulas. Next, we utilize a sequence of prompts to synthesize from the LTL specification a runtime verification monitor for the given formula. Part of these prompts enable the LLM to validate its own outputs, thereby significantly improving the probability of obtaining a correct monitor.
AI-Assisted Programming with Test-Based Refinement
Authors: Aichernig Bernhard K. , Havelund Klaus
Published: October 2024

This work explores the utilization of a Large Language Model (LLM), specifically OpenAI’s ChatGPT, to develop a program as a sequence of refinements. Traditionally in formal methods literature such refinements are proven correct, which can be time consuming. In this work the refinements are tested using property-based testing. This approach addresses the problem of ensuring that the code generated by an LLM is correct, which is one of the main challenges of code generation with LLMs. Programs are developed in Scala and testing is performed with ScalaCheck. This approach is demonstrated through the development and testing of a classical bridge controller, originally presented in documentation for the refinement-based Event-B theorem prover.
The Reachability Problem for Neural-Network Control Systems
Authors: Schilling Christian , Zimmermann Martin
Published: October 2024

A control system consists of a plant component and a controller which periodically computes a control input for the plant. We consider systems where the controller is implemented by a feedforward neural network with ReLU activations. The reachability problem asks, given a set of initial states, whether a set of target states can be reached. We show that this problem is undecidable even for trivial plants and fixed-depth neural networks with three inputs and outputs. We also show that the problem becomes semi-decidable when the plant as well as the input and target sets are given by automata over infinite words.
Teaching the Specialized Language of Mathematics with a Data-Driven Approach: What Data Do We Use?
Authors: Fissore Cecilia , Floris Francesco , Conte Marina Marchisio , Sacchet Matteo
Published: October 2024

Numerous studies in Mathematics Education have shown that among the causes of disciplinary learning difficulties are the acquisition and understanding of its specialized language. Data-Driven Learning (DDL) is a didactic approach that treats language as data and sees students as researchers doing guided discovery activities. The exploration of corpora can effectively support reflection on the specialized languages of Mathematics. What data should be used? Students daily use the most recent Large Language Models (LLM) and Google, which can be used for linguistic investigations. However, it must be remembered that there is no total control over the data on which searches are carried out, the results, and the type of language they use. Control over the data is important, especially when teachers want to use these tools to design and deliver didactic activities. This paper presents a recent DDL research activity with 80 secondary school students on the specialized language of Mathematics. The students conducted linguistic investigations on a specially designed corpus and carried out corpus-based activities with automatic formative assessment within a Digital Learning Environment. The results show that the students appreciated the proposed activities. They develop linguistic and mathematical skills and become more aware of the importance of the language they use. Students developed digital skills in browsing, searching, and filtering data, as well as in evaluating data, information, and digital content. LLM, such as ChatGPT, could not be used for the same type of activity, but with appropriate design, they can be used as a starting point for investigation and linguistic reflection. In the future, given the notable diffusion of these AI tools, it is essential to train teachers and students on their strengths and weaknesses and how they influence teaching and learning.
Interoperating Civil Registration of Death and Census Data: Old Age and Marriage as Categories of Analysis
Authors: Breathnach Ciara , Murphy Rachel , Schieweck Alexander , Margaria Tiziana
Published: October 2024

As part of the project Death and Burial Data: Ireland 1864–1922 (DBDIrl), a web application was created in DIME, a low-code web application development environment. DIME is based on the popular IDE Eclipse and utilizes three distinct graphical model types (data model, process model and GUI model) as Domain Specific Language (DSL). Web applications are defined by means of these models in the DIME integrated modelling environment in a simple way, and these models are used to generate the web application code that is then deployed and made available to the users. This paper provides an overview of how we use a web application created in DIME, a low-code application development tool to establish interoperability between Irish historical civil registration of death data and Irish cross-sectional decennial census data from 1901 and 1911. The former data collections are complex and require manual interventions like transcription and considerable cleaning to render them machine readable, the latter are fully transcribed. Here we present a case study concerning the analysis of deaths in old age in Dublin City and how they correlate with census returns. We then turn our attention to a use case of marital status and the algorithmic problems caused by irregular replies in census data. Our objective was to test how DIME could replicate the decisions taken by domain experts using old age and marital status as the primary linkage criteria.
From Data Science to Modular Workflows Changing Perspectives from Data to Platform: DBDIrl 1864-1922 Case Study
Authors: O’Shea Enda , Krumrey Marco , Mitwalli Daniel Sami , Teumert Sebastian , Margaria Tiziana
Published: October 2024

Many historical data collections foot on handwritten documents and registers, whose consultation is often very difficult due to the conservation state of the physical artefacts, and whose comprehension is also made difficult by the handwriting, difficult to interpret, and the language used, different from the modern terminology. Therefore significant research efforts by historians, demographers, population health scientists and others have been started in the past with the aim of making such data collections digitally available, first on the basis of images and then as readily available repositories of transcribed data in electronically queryable formats. For the purpose of extracting data from the Irish Civil registers of deaths in the DBDIrl 1864-1922 project (https://www.dbdirl.com), an AI-ML Data Analytics Pipeline was proposed as a working approach validated on a subset of the data. However, the pipeline requires manual steps and it is not applicable as is on similar datasets without significant modifications to its inner workings.

We are currently transforming this prototyped, single purpose product to a modular, fully automated workflow, intended to be used and reconfigured for new data in a low-code/no-code fashion by domain experts like historians. We explain our adopted analysis and refactoring process, illustrate it on part of the pipeline, including how we faced obstacles and handled pitfalls. We also evaluate its potential to become a methodical approach to transforming an interactive program to a fully automated process, in a low-code/no-code workflow style, that can be easily reused, reconfigured and extended to be able to tailor it to other datasets as needed.
Deutungsmuster als Erklärungsmodelle für Nahtoderfahrungsberichte
Authors: Nadile Stefan
Published: October 2024

In der sozialwissenschaftlichen Annäherung an das Thema der Nahtoderfahrung kommt die vor mehr als zwanzig Jahren durchgeführte Studie der Soziologen Knoblauch/Schmied/Schnettler zum Schluss, dass es sich bei Nahtoderfahrungsberichten primär um ein «soziales Phänomen» handeln müsse, da die Berichte durch «äusserst divergierende und durch starke Idiosynkrasien geprägte Erfahrungsinhalte und deren narrative Darstellungsformen» äusserst divers ausfallen würden: «Die Divergenzen der inhaltlichen Ausgestaltung sowie der Deutung der Todesnäheerfahrung verweisen auf kulturelle Einflüsse, die nicht nur die Interpretation der Erfahrung, sondern auch die Erfahrungsinhalte selbst berühren.» In den westlichen Ländern sei das Phänomen bereits länger bekannt, weshalb es auch zu ausführlicheren Berichten, differenzierteren Deutungen und lebensweltlichen Einordnungen komme. Eine «standardisierte», allgemein gültige und verbreitete Struktur sei aber nicht zu erkennen, wenngleich einzelne Elemente durchaus wiederkehrend seien, diese aber in Kombination mit anderen Elementen äusserst heterogen auftreten könnten.
Kommunizierbarkeit subjektiver Wahrnehmung und Erfahrung von Sterben und Tod in der auto-biografischen Erzählung
Authors: Nadile Stefan
Published: October 2024

Erfahrungen mit dem Tod und Sterben ergeben sich zum Beispiel in der Selbstkonfrontation mit der eigenen Vergänglichkeit anhand von Veränderungen am eigenen Körper: Der Mensch kann an der eigenen, physiologischen Veränderung feststellen, dass er einem nicht beeinflussbaren Alterungsprozess unterworfen ist, der mit dem Tod enden wird. Der Mensch ist damit fähig, über sich selbst und über seinen Lebenssinn in einem unerklärbar scheinenden Universum nachzudenken und sich bewusst zu werden, dass er sterblich ist. Er weiss, dass mindestens seine physische Existenz zu einem ungewissen Zeitpunkt unwiederbringlich ausgelöscht sein wird.
Zusammenfassung und Bewertung
Authors: Nadile Stefan
Published: October 2024

In einer sozialwissenschaftlichen Herangehensweise lässt sich Nahtoderfahrungsberichten aus zwei verschiedenen, jedoch voneinander abhängigen, sich gegenseitig beeinflussenden Perspektiven nähern: Zum einen aus einer medialen Debatte, in der das Begriffsverständnis, der Erkenntnisgehalt und -gewinn und die wissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzung damit im Zentrum stehen. Dabei ist in der vorliegenden Arbeit von Interesse, welche unterschiedlichen, teilweise sich diametral entgegengesetzten Deutungsvarianten, sogenannte «soziale Deutungsmuster», im gesellschaftlichen Wissensvorrat für Betroffene verfügbar sind und wie diese rezipiert werden und welches Handlungsproblem sie dabei lösen wollen. Zum anderen scheint es aus einer Perspektive von betroffenen Personen eine Sammelbezeichnung für eine ausseralltäglich empfundene Erfahrung zu sein, die in krisenhaften, subjektiv oftmals als lebensbedrohlich empfundenen Situationen auftreten kann.
SHIFT@LHC: Searches for new physics with shifted interaction on a fixed target at the Large Hadron Collider
Authors: Niedziela Jeremi
Published: October 2024

Abstract

New low-mass particles with very small couplings to standard model particles that travel significant distances before decaying are interesting candidates to address some of the most intriguing questions of modern physics. In this paper, I propose to extend the LHC’s research program by installing a gaseous fixed target referred to as SHIFT at around 160 meters from the CMS interaction point. When the LHC proton beam collides with this target, interactions at a center of mass energy of ≈113 GeV would occur. The particles produced in such collisions, or their decay products, would travel through the rock and other material on their path, potentially reaching the CMS detector where they can be registered and studied. Such an approach would allow us to access otherwise uncovered regions of parameters phase space at a relatively low cost since it does not require constructing a new detector. Various aspects such as angular and lifetime coverage or material survival probability have been studied. The results are interpreted within two new physics models, namely, the Dark Photons and the Hidden Valley scenarios, and compared with the standard proton-proton physics program of CMS. A comparison is also made with the fixed target program at LHCb, as well as parasitic detectors such as FASER or MATHUSLA. The obtained results indicate that, despite assuming just 1% of the nominal CMS luminosity to be available to SHIFT, the physics reach could be extended by a factor of up to 150 (1000) for Dark Photon (Hidden Valley) scenarios, depending on the signal model parameters.
Holographic stress tensor correlators on higher genus Riemann surfaces
Authors: He Song , Li Yun-Ze , Xie Yunfei
Published: October 2024

Abstract

In this work, we present a comprehensive study of holographic stress tensor correlators on general Riemann surfaces, extending beyond the previously well-studied torus cases to explore higher genus conformal field theories (CFTs) within the framework of the Anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory (AdS/CFT) correspondence. We develop a methodological approach to compute holographic stress tensor correlators, employing the Schottky uniformization technique to address the handlebody solutions for higher genus Riemann surfaces. Through rigorous calculations, we derive four-point stress tensor correlators, alongside recurrence relations for higher-point correlators, within the AdS3/CFT2 context. Additionally, our research delves into the holography of cutoff AdS3 spaces, offering novel insights into the lower-point correlators of the $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

-deformed theories on higher genus Riemann surfaces up to the first deformation order.
Collective excitations in magnetic topological insulators and axion dark matter search
Authors: Ishiwata Koji , Nomura Kentaro
Published: October 2024

Abstract

We investigate collective excitations in magnetic topological insulators (TIs) and their impact on axion detection. In the three-dimensional TI model with the Hubbard term, the effective action of magnons and amplitude modes is formulated by dynamical susceptibility under the antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic states. One of the amplitude modes is identified as “axionic” quasi-particle and its effective coupling to the electromagnetic fields turns out to be enhanced by about four orders of magnitude larger than the previous estimate, which may drastically change the sensitivity of the axion search using “axion” in magnetic TIs.
The interplay of gut microbiota, obesity, and depression: insights and interventions
Authors: Halabitska Iryna , Petakh Pavlo , Kamyshna Iryna , Oksenych Valentyn , Kainov Denis E. , Kamyshnyi Oleksandr
Published: October 2024

The gut microbiome, body weight, and related comorbidities are intricately linked through a complex interaction of microbial, genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Alterations in gut microbiota can contribute to the development of weight disorders and depressive symptoms, with the potential for these relationships to be bidirectional. Effective management of these interconnected conditions often involves a combination of lifestyle modifications and psychological support. Medical interventions, including treatments for obesity, antidiabetic drugs, antidepressants, antibiotics, and probiotics, can have beneficial and detrimental effects on gut microbiota and mental health. Further research is needed to better understand their impact on gut microbiome and mental health in the context of obesity.
Cyclotomic expansions for $$\mathfrak {gl}_N$$ link invariants via interpolation Macdonald polynomials
Authors: Beliakova Anna , Gorsky Eugene
Published: October 2024

In this paper we construct a new basis for the cyclotomic completion of the center of the quantum $$\mathfrak {gl}_N$$

gl
N

in terms of the interpolation Macdonald polynomials. Then we use a result of Okounkov to provide a dual basis with respect to the quantum Killing form (or Hopf pairing). The main applications are: 1) cyclotomic expansions for the $$\mathfrak {gl}_N$$

gl
N

Reshetikhin–Turaev link invariants and the universal $$\mathfrak {gl}_N$$

gl
N

knot invariant; 2) an explicit construction of the unified $$\mathfrak {gl}_N$$

gl
N

invariants for integral homology 3-spheres using universal Kirby colors. These results generalize those of Habiro for $$\mathfrak {sl}_2$$

sl
2

. In addition, we give a simple proof of the fact that the universal $$\mathfrak {gl}_N$$

gl
N

invariant of any evenly framed link and the universal $$\mathfrak {sl}_N$$

sl
N

invariant of any 0-framed algebraically split link are $$\Gamma $$
Γ
-invariant, where $$\Gamma =Y/2Y$$

Γ
=
Y
/
2
Y

with the root lattice Y.
Improving melt pool depth estimation in laser powder bed fusion with metallic alloys using the thermal dose concept
Authors: Correa-Gómez Erasmo , Moock Verena M. , Caballero-Ruiz Alberto , Ruiz-Huerta Leopoldo
Published: October 2024

Laser-matter interactions in laser powder bed fusion for metals (LPBF-Ms) significantly impact the final properties of the fabricated components. Critical process parameters, such as the linear energy density (LED), the ratio of laser power to scan speed, modify the energy input and consequently modify the melt pool geometry. LED strongly influences the melt pool cross-sectional profile, which dictates the thermal effects, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the finished part. Recognizing the crucial role of the melt pool in additive manufacturing, researchers have developed predictive models to estimate its dimensions and morphology. These models aid in tailoring part properties, optimizing process parameters, and reducing the number of experimental trials. However, existing models are either computationally expensive or analytically overly simplified for general LPBF-M applications. This study proposes an improved model that incorporates the Rosenthal equation as described by Tang to increase the accuracy of melt pool depth prediction. By using the thermal gradient per unit time, termed the “thermal dose” in this paper, corresponding to the LED value that produces experimental near-semicircular melt pool shapes for each studied material, we can improve the melt pool depth estimation. The trend revealed a good fit across the LED range compared with experimental measurements, suggesting the model’s effectiveness.
On asset pricing in a binomial model with fixed and proportional transaction costs, portfolio constraints and dividends
Authors: Babaei Esmaeil
Published: October 2024

We extend the classical binomial model proposed by Cox, Ross, and Rubinstein for derivative security pricing to encompass both fixed and proportional transaction costs, portfolio constraints including margin requirements, and dividend-paying assets. Our focus is on studying option hedging within this enriched framework. Initially, we establish the existence of a hedging strategy in this context. Subsequently, we determine the optimal hedging strategy and its associated initial cost by decomposing the problem into a sequence of hedging problems. To illustrate our approach, we present a numerical example within a 3-period binomial model.
A Stochastic Non-zero-Sum Game of Controlling the Debt-to-GDP Ratio
Authors: Dammann Felix , Rodosthenous Neofytos , Villeneuve Stéphane
Published: October 2024

We introduce a non-zero-sum game between a government and a legislative body to study the optimal level of debt. Each player, with different time preferences, can intervene on the stochastic dynamics of the debt-to-GDP ratio via singular stochastic controls, in view of minimizing non-continuously differentiable running costs. We completely characterise Nash equilibria in the class of Skorokhod-reflection-type policies. We highlight the importance of different time preferences resulting in qualitatively different type of equilibria. In particular, we show that, while it is always optimal for the government to devise an appropriate debt issuance policy, the legislator should optimally impose a debt ceiling only under relatively low discount rates and a laissez-faire policy can be optimal for high values of the legislator’s discount rate.