bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Right and Left Atrial Functions at Midterm After Surgical and Device Atrial Septal Defect Closure: A 2‐Dimensional Speckle‐Tracking Echocardiographic Study
Authors: Hajizeinali Alimohammad , Iri Mohammadreza , Hosseinsabet Ali
Published: December 2018

Objectives

The available literature lacks data on the comparison of the functions of the right atrium (RA) and left atrium (LA) between surgical atrial septal defect (ASD) closure and percutaneous device ASD closure at follow‐up durations of longer than 1 year. We sought to evaluate the RA and LA functions in patients who underwent surgical or device ASD closure between 1 and 5 years postprocedurally.

Methods

The study population included 30 patients who underwent device ASD closure and 30 who underwent surgical ASD closure, who were matched for the procedural time, age, and sex, in addition to 30 control participants. The RA and LA functions were evaluated with 2‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography.

Results

The LA systolic and early diastolic strain and strain rate values and the RA early diastolic strain rate in the device closure group were more likely to be abnormal than in the control group. The RA systolic and late diastolic strain and strain rate values, the RA early diastolic strain rate, and the LA early diastolic strain in the surgical closure group were more likely to be abnormal than in the control group. The RA systolic strain and strain rate in the surgical closure group were more likely to be abnormal than in the device closure group.

Conclusions

The LA reservoir and conduit functions and the RA contraction function in the patients who underwent device ASD closure and all of the RA functions and the LA conduit function in the patients who underwent surgical ASD closure were more likely to be abnormal than those in the control participants. The RA reservoir function in the surgical closure group was more likely to be abnormal than that in the device closure group.
Temporoparietal frey syndrome: An uncommon variant of a common syndrome
Authors: Wood C. Burton , Netterville James L.
Published: December 2018

Objectives/Hypothesis

To describe a previously unreported variant of Frey syndrome. Gustatory sweating is a common complication of parotidectomy and typically directly overlies the surgical site or parotid bed. In some instances, the sweating may occur beyond the parotid bed or involve tissue that was undisturbed during the procedure.

Study Design

Retrospective case series.

Methods

All cases of temporoparietal Frey syndrome in a single surgeon's experience were reviewed.

Results

Seven patients were found to have temporoparietal Frey syndrome. Three patients had concomitant first bite syndrome. Three patients had some form of reconstruction at time of surgery. The mean time to onset of symptoms was 11.5 months, with a range of 7 to 21 months. Four patients did not require any treatment for their symptoms, but two patients required intradermal Botox injections for symptomatic relief.

Discussion

This study describes a previously unreported variant of Frey syndrome with symptoms occurring distal to the parotid gland. This likely develops either by regeneration of severed postganglionic fibers into sympathetic targets distally along the course of the auriculotemporal nerve or by regeneration into fibers of the sympathetic plexus traveling along the superficial temporal artery.

Level of Evidence

Laryngoscope, 129:2071–2075, 2019
Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma in prepubertal males: A diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Camilon P. Ryan , Rahbar Reza , Cunningham Michael J. , Adil Eelam A.
Published: December 2018

Objectives/Hypothesis

To highlight the presentation and management of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) in prepubertal children.

Study Design

Single‐institution 10‐year retrospective review.

Methods

All identified cases of pathologically confirmed JNA in children <10 years of age were assessed from a gender, imaging and embolization findings, tumor stage, surgical approach, and clinical outcomes standpoint, and compared to a group of stage‐matched older patients from the same time period.

Results

Of 45 patients over the 10‐year study period, four male children between 8 to 9.8 years of age were identified. One patient had University of Pittsburgh Medical Center stage 1 disease, and the other three had stage 3 disease at presentation. A malignant process other than JNA was of concern preoperatively in two of the four children due to a combination of aggressive imaging characteristics and an absence of pterygopalatine fossa involvement. Such pterygopalatine fossa involvement was comparatively uniformly present in a group of stage‐matched JNA patients aged 15 to 21 years. All four prepubescent children underwent surgical resection via transnasal endoscopic approach following ipsilateral sphenopalatine artery embolization without the need for blood transfusion. There were no recurrences in three of the four cases at a median follow‐up duration of 2.3 years (range, 0.8–6.4 years).

Conclusions

JNA may pose a diagnostic challenge in prepubertal males due to the atypical age at presentation and absence of classic imaging characteristics. Successful endoscopic transnasal resection is possible despite anatomic constrictions.

Level of Evidence

4

Laryngoscope, 129:1777–1783, 2019
Increased accumulation of CD30 ligand‐positive mast cells associates with eosinophilic inflammation in nasal polyps
Authors: Zhai Guan‐Ting , Li Jing‐Xian , Zhang Xin‐Hao , Liao Bo , Lu Xiang , Liu Zheng
Published: December 2018

Objective

Activation of mast cells associates with eosinophilic inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). The disease‐specific mast cell‐triggering mechanisms apart from immunoglobulin E are poorly understood in CRSwNP. CD30L/CD30 are members of the tumor necrosis factor/receptor superfamily and display immune modulatory function on mast cells. The aim of this study was to explore the expression and function of CD30 and CD30L in CRSwNP.

Methods

The mRNA expression of CD30 and CD30L was analyzed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The cellular expression of CD30L was determined by immunofluorescence staining. The soluble CD30 levels in nasal tissues were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. HMC‐1 cells, a human mast cell line, were cultured and stimulated with CD30.

Results

Compared with control tissues, CD30 mRNA expression levels were increased in eosinophilic polyps, and soluble CD30 protein levels were upregulated in both eosinophilic and noneosinophilic polyps with a greater increase in eosinophilic type. CD30 was expressed by T cells and B cells in nasal polyps. The CD30L mRNA expression levels and the number of CD30L+ cells and CD30L+tryptase+ mast cells were increased in eosinophilic polyps but not in noneosinophilic polyps as compared with control tissues. Mast cells accounted for 60% of CD30L+ cells in eosinophilic polyps. CD30 induced HMC‐1 cells to produce interleukin (IL)‐4 and IL‐13 without degranulation. Mast cells expressed IL‐4 and IL‐13 in eosinophilic polyps. The number of CD30L+tryptase+ mast cells was positively correlated with the number of eosinophils and total inflammatory cells in eosinophilic polyps.

Conclusion

CD30/CD30L‐mediated mast cell activation may promote the eosinophilic inflammation in CRSwNP.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 129:E110–E117, 2019
Cortical networks for speech motor control in unilateral vocal fold paralysis
Authors: Naunheim Molly L. , Yung Katherine C. , Schneider Sarah L. , Henderson‐Sabes Jennifer , Kothare Hardik , Hinkley Leighton B. , Mizuiri Danielle , Klein David J. , Houde John F. , Nagarajan Srikantan S. , Cheung Steven W.
Published: December 2018

Objective

To evaluate brain networks for motor control of voice production in patients with treated unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP).

Study Design

Cross‐sectional comparison.

Methods

Nine UVFP patients treated by type I thyroplasty, and 11 control subjects were compared using magnetoencephalographic imaging to measure beta band (12–30 Hz) neural oscillations during voice production with perturbation of pitch feedback. Differences in beta band power relative to baseline were analyzed to identify cortical areas with abnormal activity within the 400 ms perturbation period and 125 ms beyond, for a total of 525 ms.

Results

Whole‐brain task‐induced beta band activation patterns were qualitatively similar in both treated UVFP patients and healthy controls. Central vocal motor control plasticity in UVFP was expressed within constitutive components of central human communication networks identified in healthy controls. Treated UVFP patients exhibited statistically significant enhancement (P < 0.05) in beta band activity following pitch perturbation onset in left auditory cortex to 525 ms, left premotor cortex to 225 ms, and left and right frontal cortex to 525 ms.

Conclusion

This study further corroborates that a peripheral motor impairment of the larynx can affect central cortical networks engaged in auditory feedback processing, vocal motor control, and judgment of voice‐as‐self. Future research to dissect functional relationships among constitutive cortical networks could reveal neurophysiological bases of central contributions to voice production impairment in UVFP. Those novel insights would motivate innovative treatments to improve voice production and reduce misalignment of voice‐quality judgment between clinicians and patients.

Level of Evidence

3b

Laryngoscope, 129:2125–2130, 2019
An early seizure variant type of a male Rett syndrome patient with a MECP2 p.Arg133His missense mutation
Authors: Yoon Jin A. , Yoo Yongjin , Lee Je Sang , Kim Young Mi , Shin Yong Beom
Published: December 2018

Background

The clinical spectrum of Rett syndrome (RTT; Mendelian Inheritance in Man [MIM] #312750) in males is considered to be wider than previously expected. Therefore, the existence of RTT with a normal male karyotype is still controversial. Here, we report the first case of a male patient presenting with an early seizure type of Rett‐like phenotypes with a missense variant of MECP2.

Method

An 8‐month‐old male was admitted to the pediatric department due to an initial seizure event following aspiration pneumonia and was referred to our clinic for the evaluation of unexplained neuroregression. Genomic DNA was prepared from venous blood by standard procedures and was processed at the Yale Center for Genome Analysis (YCGA) for whole exome sequencing (WES). Processing of sequence data, variant calling, and the identification of de novo mutations were then performed. Direct Sanger sequencing was performed following PCR amplification.

Result

In this patient with a normal karyotype, WES analysis led to the identification of a novel, de novo missense variant of MECP2 (p.Arg133His) that is not observed in the normal population.

Conclusion

This rare case of an p.Arg133His hemizygous MECP2 missense mutation could guide future treatment and follow‐up plans for RETT‐like phenotypes.
Strategizing for social change in nonprofit contexts: A typology of communication approaches in public communication campaigns
Authors: Bünzli Fabienne , Eppler Martin J.
Published: December 2018

Public communication campaigns aim to create social change by influencing audiences’ behaviors and thus help nonprofit organizations fulfill their mission. These campaigns, however, often fail to deliver their anticipated impact. Using public relations research as a theoretical lens, this paper's contribution is twofold: first, we develop a typology that classifies the different communication approaches used in public communication campaigns. Based on one of the most prominent public relations theories, the Four Models of Public Relations, we differentiate communication approaches along the dimensions of communication purpose and communication style. Combining these two dimensions in a typology, we identify the following communication approaches: directing, platforming, mobilizing, and involving. We provide numerous real‐life examples of public campaigns for each one. Second, we formulate propositions about these communication approaches’ effectiveness relying on a key concept of public relations research: namely, audience segmentation. Using the transtheoretical model, we show that audiences can be segmented along five “stages of readiness to adopt a promoted behavior.” Conceptualizing behavior change as an iterative, dynamic process that entails stage progresses as well as backdrops, we derive how audiences’ “stage of readiness” relates to the effectiveness of the identified communication approaches.
Predictors of new graduate nurses’ health over the first 4 years of practice
Authors: Spence Laschinger Heather K. , Wong Carol , Read Emily , Cummings Greta , Leiter Michael , Macphee Maura , Regan Sandra , Rhéaume‐Brüning Ann , Ritchie Judith , Burkoski Vanessa , Grinspun Doris , Gurnham Mary Ellen , Huckstep Sherri , Jeffs Lianne , Macdonald‐Rencz Sandra , Ruffolo Maurio , Shamian Judith , Wolff Angela , Young‐Ritchie Carol , Wood Kevin
Published: December 2018

Aim

To examine predictors of Canadian new graduate nurses’ health outcomes over 1 year.

Design

A time‐lagged mail survey was conducted.

Method

New graduate nurses across Canada (N = 406) responded to a mail survey at two time points: November 2012–March 2013 (Time 1) and May–July 2014 (Time 2). Multiple linear regression (mental and overall health) and logistic regression (post‐traumatic stress disorder risk) analyses were conducted to assess the impact of Time 1 predictors on Time 2 health outcomes.

Results

Both situational and personal factors were significantly related to mental and overall health and post‐traumatic stress disorder risk. Regression analysis identified that cynicism was a significant predictor of all three health outcomes, while occupational coping self‐efficacy explained unique variance in mental health and work–life interference explained unique variance in post‐traumatic stress disorder risk.
Effect of Resveratrol on Blood Lipid Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Zhao Hang , Song An , Zhang Yunjia , Shu Linyi , Song Guangyao , Ma Huijuan
Published: December 2018

Objective

Few studies have considered the effect of resveratrol on blood lipid levels, and the results of these studies are inconsistent. In this study, the first meta‐analysis on the effect of resveratrol on blood lipid levels in patients with type 2 diabetes was conducted.

Methods

This study used keywords such as type 2 diabetes, total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), high‐density lipoprotein, low‐density lipoprotein, and resveratrol and their abbreviations, free words, and related words to search PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias, and Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 13.0 were used for data merging and statistical analysis.

Results

Ten randomized controlled trials involving a total of 363 patients with type 2 diabetes were included in the analysis. The results show that longer resveratrol intervention time (≥6 months) can reduce TG levels. But resveratrol increased total cholesterol in patients within obesity range. In type 2 diabetes patients with obesity and in those who took lipid‐lowering drugs, resveratrol increased low‐density lipoprotein levels.

Conclusions

Resveratrol can improve TG in patients with type 2 diabetes.
The “brand” of the Catholic Church in England and Wales: Challenges and opportunities for communications
Authors: Baster Dominic , Beresford Shirley , Jones Brian
Published: December 2018

This paper considers the concept of “brand” in relation to religious organisations and, in particular, the Catholic Church in England and Wales. It explores the application of marketing and branding concepts to the Church and reports on perceptions of the Church's brand and identity. The findings show that the Catholic Church in England and Wales has very strong brand equity and high levels of brand loyalty among its members, although conventional marketing language should be avoided due to the sensitivities involved. The findings suggest that the Church could usefully be regarded as a “brand community,” akin in many key respects to brand communities in the commercial sphere. It recommends that Church communications could be enhanced by leveraging the brand more effectively as within a true “brand community” for the purpose of encouraging brand loyalty and energising Church members.
A comparison of psychosocial care preferences of breast cancer women in Mainland China and Hong Kong
Authors: Tang Lili , Zhang Yening , Pang Ying , He Yi , Wang Yan , Fielding Richard , Deng Lisha
Published: December 2018

Purpose

Despite shared cultural values, Mainland China's health care system differs from that of Hong Kong. We compared preferences for psychosocial care in Mainland breast cancer women with their Hong Kong counterparts to determine core preferences for, and correlates of, clinical psychosocial care implementation.

Methods

Two hundred eighty breast cancer patients from 23 hospitals located in 15 provinces across Mainland China were recruited to complete the 55‐item Chinese version of the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council's National Breast Cancer Centre assessment. Items ranked by proportions of women endorsing them as “essential” for care were compared with similar rankings by Hong Kong Chinese women with breast cancer.

Results

Valid response rate was 83% (231/280). Among 231 breast cancer patients, greater than 40% endorsed 15/55 items as essential for effective psychosocial care. Of the top 10 ranked “repeatable” items, seven items were common to both Chinese and Hong Kong breast cancer women, while of the top 10 ranked “once‐only” items, nine were common. Mainland breast cancer women ranked help with anxiety and social roles higher than did their Hong Kong counterparts. Demographic factors significantly associated with psychosocial care needs included ethnicity, age, income source and level, religious beliefs, education level, marital status, residential status, and current therapies.

Conclusions

Chinese breast cancer patients prioritize both disease and treatment information and psychosocially sensitive care, making these core items in comprehensive psychosocial care implementation by clinicians and nurses.
The generation of ground‐state structures and electronic properties of ternary AlkTilNim clusters (k + l + m = 4) from a two‐stage density functional theory global searching approach
Authors: Koh Pin Wai , Yoon Tiem Leong , Lim Thong Leng , Chang Yee Hui Robin
Published: December 2018

Structural and electronic properties of ternary clusters AlkTilNim, where k, l, and m are integers and k + l + m = 4, are investigated. These clusters are generated and studied by performing a two‐stage density functional theory (DFT) calculations using the Slater, Vosko, Wilks, and Nusair (SVWN) and Becke three‐parameter, Lee‐Yang‐Parr (B3LYP) functional exchange correlations. In the first stage, an unbiased global search algorithm coupled with a DFT code with a light exchange‐correlation and smaller basis sets are used to generate the lowest energy cluster structures. It is then followed by further optimization using another round of DFT calculation with heavy exchanged correlations and large basis set. Electronic properties of the structures obtained via the two‐stage procedure are then studied via DFT calculations. The results are illustrated in the form of ternary diagram. Our DFT calculations find that the stability of the cluster increases with the increase in the number of nickel atoms inside the clusters. Our findings provide new insight into the ternary metallic cluster through the structure, stability, chemical order, and electronic properties studies.
Design and analysis considerations for combining data from multiple biomarker studies
Authors: Sloan Abigail , Song Yue , Gail Mitchell H. , Betensky Rebecca , Rosner Bernard , Ziegler Regina G. , Smith‐Warner Stephanie A. , Wang Molin
Published: December 2018

Pooling data from multiple studies improves estimation of exposure‐disease associations through increased sample size. However, biomarker exposure measurements can vary substantially across laboratories and often require calibration to a reference assay prior to pooling. We develop two statistical methods for aggregating biomarker data from multiple studies: the full calibration method and the internalized method. The full calibration method calibrates all biomarker measurements regardless of the availability of reference laboratory measurements while the internalized method calibrates only non‐reference laboratory measurements. We compare the performance of these two aggregation methods to two‐stage methods. Furthermore, we compare the aggregated and two‐stage methods when estimating the calibration curve from controls only or from a random sample of individuals from the study cohort. Our findings include the following: (1) Under random sampling for calibration, exposure effect estimates from the internalized method have a smaller mean squared error than those from the full calibration method. (2) Under the controls‐only calibration design, the full calibration method yields effect estimates with the least bias. (3) The two‐stage approaches produce average effect estimates that are similar to the full calibration method under a controls only calibration design and the internalized method under a random sample calibration design. We illustrate the methods in an application evaluating the relationship between circulating vitamin D levels and stroke risk in a pooling project of cohort studies.
SpamDetector: Detecting spam callers in Voice over Internet Protocol with graph anomalies
Authors: Swarnkar Mayank , Hubballi Neminath
Published: December 2018

SPam over Internet Telephony is a major issue in Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) systems where a large number of automated unsolicited calls are made to users of VoIP. The economy of communication that VoIP brings is a lucrative proposition to spammers. In this paper, we describe a method to detect spammers in VoIP by identifying anomalies in the CallGraph. This directed, weighted graph is generated using call data records of users where a set of differentiating call parameters are used to derive weights on the edges. We identify anomalies in the graph by considering the local neighborhood of a node under consideration and assign a label based on how similar the node is in comparison to its neighbors. The similarity between a node and its neighbor is measured through a parameter known as SpamOutlierFactor. We experiment with a large simulated user base and show that the proposed method can detect spam callers.
Consistent significance controlled variable selection in high‐dimensional regression
Authors: Zambom Adriano Zanin , Kim Jongwook
Published: December 2018

In regression analysis, selecting, out of a pool of available predictors, those that compose the true underlying data‐generating mechanism is a fundamental part of model building. This paper introduces a forward selection method that uses a novel entry criterium based on a combination of p‐values of the predictors already selected. Moreover, the proposed variable selection procedure controls the significance of all selected predictors at each step using False Discovery Rate corrections (or Bonferroni, or other correction criteria). Monte Carlo simulations suggest that the proposed method performs competitively against classical competitors. The proposed variable selection procedure is illustrated on a real data set.
Ti‐Based Catalysts and Photocatalysts: Characterization and Modeling
Authors: Mino Lorenzo , Signorile Matteo , Crocellà Valentina , Lamberti Carlo
Published: December 2018

This perspective article aims to underline how cutting‐edge synchrotron radiation spectroscopies such as extended X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (EXAFS), X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), high resolution fluorescence detected (HRFD) XANES, X‐ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and resonant inelastic X‐ray scattering (RIXS) have played a key role in the structural and electronic characterization of Ti‐based catalysts and photocatalysts, representing an important additional value to the outcomes of conventional laboratory spectroscopies (UV‐Vis, IR, Raman, EPR, NMR etc.). Selected examples are taken from the authors research activity in the last two decades, covering both band‐gap and shape engineered TiO2 materials and microporous titanosilicates (ETS‐10, TS‐1 and Ti−AlPO‐5). The relevance of the state of the art simulation techniques as a support for experiments interpretation is underlined for all the reported examples.
Multiple kernel learning using nonlinear lasso
Authors: Wang Tinghua , Tu Xiaoqiang
Published: December 2018

Multiple kernel learning (MKL) is a principled way for kernel fusion for various learning tasks such as classification, clustering, and dimensionality reduction. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) allows computationally efficient feature selection based on the linear dependence between input features and output values. In this paper, we develop a novel MKL model based on a nonlinear Lasso, that is, the Hilbert–Schmidt independence criterion (HSIC) Lasso. In the proposed model, we first propose the HSIC Lasso‐based MKL formulation, which has a clear statistical interpretation that minimum redundant kernels with maximum dependence on output labels are found and combined, and also that the global optimal solution can be computed efficiently by solving a Lasso optimization problem. After the optimal kernel is obtained, the support vector machine (SVM) is used to select the prediction hypothesis. It is evident that the proposed MKL is a two‐stage kernel learning approach. Extensive experiments on real‐world datasets from the UCI benchmark repository validate the superiority of the proposed model in terms of prediction accuracy. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Research on flexible line power control in meshed smart DC distribution systems
Authors: Wang Yuqi , Xu Qingshan , Zheng Jiaqi , Cao Minjian
Published: December 2018

This paper studies flexible line power control in the interior of meshed smart direct current (DC) distribution systems. The idea and principle of bidirectional line power control with a DC/DC converter in series are proposed first. Then the model of the line with the DC/DC converter is established from the view of power system analysis. The operation modes and control framework are analyzed in depth to adapt to the complicated power and voltage uncertainty in DC systems. The effects of the flexible line power control on the whole system are presented in detail. Finally, simulation performed in SIMULINK verifies the effectiveness of proposed flexible line power flow control technology. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Navigating Authoritative Discourses in a Multilingual Classroom: Conversations With Policy and Practice
Authors: Kiramba Lydiah Kananu , Harris Violet J.
Published: December 2018

Using Bakhtinian concepts of persuasive and authoritative discourse, this study reports on science and English language arts instructional practices in a multilingual, rural, fourth‐grade classroom in Kenya. Situated in English as a medium of instruction (EMI) and through the use of case study, the study explores classroom discourse data to illustrate how teachers use instructional practices to reproduce, contest, or navigate prevailing institutional monolingual policies when mediating students’ access to literacy and content. By analyzing classroom discourse, the authors argue that restrictive language policies that aspire for fixity disconnect multilingual learners from their daily realities. In contrast, they call for a (re)construction of multilingual pedagogy that capitalizes on the strengths of learners, teachers, and linguistic communities by embracing students’ languages and language varieties in language learning and literacy development. In particular, implications are drawn for the use of EMI for emerging bilingual and multilingual learners. The authors identify the need to prepare teachers for a multilingual reality through legitimizing multilingual pedagogies such as translanguaging.
Islam and Violence
Authors: Mohammed Khaleel
Published: December 2018

After 9/11, many writers have posited the relationship between Islam and violence as either elemental or anomalous. Khaleel Mohammed defines Islam as transcending the usual understanding of religion, being instead like a 'sacred canopy' that provides meaning for every aspect of life. In addition, he shows that violence has both physical and psychological dimensions and expounds at length on jihad. He traces the term's metamorphosis of meaning from a struggle in any worthy cause to war and finally to its present-day extension to include martyrdom and terrorism. Finally, he covers the dimensions of violence in the Islamic law and the institutional patriarchy.
What Kind of Monist is Anne Finch Conway?
Authors: GORDON-ROTH JESSICA
Published: December 2018

One of the most basic questions an ontology can address is: How many things, or substances, are there? A monist will say, ‘just one’. But there are different stripes of monism, and where the borders between these different views lie rests on the question, ‘To what does this “oneness” apply?’ Some monists apply ‘oneness’ to existence. Others apply ‘oneness’ to types. Determining whether a philosopher is a monist and deciphering what this is supposed to mean is no easy task, especially when it comes to those writing in the early modern period because many philosophers of the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries include God in their ontologies. InThe Principles,Anne Finch Conway offers an ontology that is often described as being both ‘vitalist’ and ‘monist’. I take this to mean that, for Conway, all that exists is in some way alive and that if asked ‘How many things, or substances, are there?’ Conway would say, ‘Just one’. But to what does this ‘oneness’ apply? And where does the point of disagreement between Conway and her interlocutors, Hobbes, Spinoza, More, and Descartes lie? In this paper, I argue that determining the answer to this first question turns out to be quite difficult. Nevertheless, we can still make sense of the second.
Technological Seduction and Self-Radicalization
Authors: ALFANO MARK , CARTER J. ADAM , CHEONG MARC
Published: December 2018

Many scholars agree that the Internet plays a pivotal role in self-radicalization, which can lead to behaviors ranging from lone-wolf terrorism to participation in white nationalist rallies to mundane bigotry and voting for extremist candidates. However, the mechanisms by which the Internet facilitates self-radicalization are disputed; some fault the individuals who end up self-radicalized, while others lay the blame on the technology itself. In this paper, we explore the role played by technological design decisions in online self-radicalization in its myriad guises, encompassing extreme as well as more mundane forms. We begin by characterizing the phenomenon of technological seduction. Next, we distinguish between top-down seduction and bottom-up seduction. We then situate both forms of technological seduction within the theoretical model of dynamical systems theory. We conclude by articulating strategies for combating online self-radicalization.
Effects of non-periodic portions of interface on Richtmyer–Meshkov instability
Authors: Luo Xisheng , Liang Yu , Si Ting , Zhai Zhigang
Published: December 2018

The development of a non-periodic $\text{air}\text{/}\text{SF}_{6}$ gaseous interface subjected to a planar shock wave is investigated experimentally and theoretically to evaluate the effects of the non-periodic portions of the interface on the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability. Experimentally, five kinds of discontinuous chevron-shaped interfaces with or without non-periodic portions are created by the extended soap film technique. The post-shock flows and the interface morphologies are captured by schlieren photography combined with a high-speed video camera. A periodic chevron-shaped interface, which is multi-modal (81 % fundamental mode and 19 % high-order modes), is first considered to evaluate the impulsive linear model and several typical nonlinear models. Then, the non-periodic chevron-shaped interfaces are investigated and the results show that the existence of non-periodic portions significantly changes the balanced position of the initial interface, and subsequently disables the nonlinear model which is applicable to the periodic chevron-shaped interface. A modified nonlinear model is proposed to consider the effects of the non-periodic portions. It turns out that the new model can predict the growth of the shocked non-periodic interface well. Finally, a method is established using spectrum analysis on the initial shape of the interface to separate its bubble structure and spike structure such that the new model can apply to any random perturbed interface. These findings can facilitate the understanding of the evolution of non-periodic interfaces which are more common in reality.
Increasing intake of dietary soluble nutrients affects digesta passage rate in the stomach of growing pigs
Authors: Schop Marijke , Jansman Alfons J. M. , de Vries Sonja , Gerrits Walter J. J.
Published: December 2018

The passage rate of solids and liquids through the gastrointestinal tract differs. Increased dietary nutrient solubility causes nutrients to shift from the solid to the liquid digesta fraction and potentially affect digesta passage kinetics. We quantified: (1) the effect of three levels of dietary nutrient solubility (8, 19 and 31 % of soluble protein and sucrose in the diet) at high feed intake level (S) and (2) the effect of lowv.high feed intake level (F), on digesta passage kinetics in forty male growing pigs. The mean retention time (MRT) of solids and liquids in the stomach and small intestine was assessed using TiO2and Cr-EDTA, respectively. In addition, physicochemical properties of digesta were evaluated. Overall, solids were retained longer than liquids in the stomach (2·0 h,P<0·0001) and stomach+small intestine (1·6 h,P<0·001). When S increased, MRT in stomach decreased by 1·3 h for solids (P=0·01) and 0·7 h for liquids (P=0·002) but only at the highest level of S. When F increased using low-soluble nutrients, MRT in stomach increased by 0·8 h for solids (P=0·041) and 0·7 h for liquids (P=0·0001). Dietary treatments did not affect water-binding capacity and viscosity of digesta. In the stomach of growing pigs, dietary nutrient solubility affects digesta MRT in a non-linear manner, while feed intake level increases digesta MRT depending on dietary nutrient solubility. Results can be used to improve predictions on the kinetics of nutrient passage and thereby of nutrient digestion and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.
Purified winged bean protease inhibitor affects the growth ofBactrocera cucurbitae
Authors: Kaur A.P. , Sohal S.K.
Published: December 2018

The melon fruit fly,Bactrocera cucurbitae(Coquillett), is a serious agricultural pest which has defied the various control measures employed against it. Protease inhibitors present in plants which have the potential to inhibit the growth and development of associated insect pests can be a possible alternative which can be manipulated for developing resistance in plants to the pest. In the present study, winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) protease inhibitor isolated through affinity chromatography was explored for its potential to disrupt the development of melon fruit fly,B. cucurbitae. Different concentrations (12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 µg ml−1) of the winged bean protease inhibitor (WBPI) were incorporated into the artificial diet of the second instar (64–72 h old) larvae ofB. cucurbitae. The WBPI significantly delayed the larval, pupal, and total development period. The percentage pupation and adult emergence of the treated larvae was reduced as compared with control. The activities of major digestive enzymes (trypsin, chymotrypsin, leucine aminopeptidase, and elastase) decreased significantly in the larvae treated with different concentrations (50, 100, 200, and 400 µg ml−1) of WBPI. The findings reveal that the inhibitor holds considerable promise for the management of the melon fruit fly.
DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSE OF WHEAT GENOTYPES TO HEAT STRESS DURING GRAIN FILLING
Authors: RANGAN PARIMALAN , FURTADO AGNELO , HENRY ROBERT
Published: December 2018

Climatic change affects global agriculture and is a severe threat to global food security due to variability of the three factors measuring climate change (CO2, temperature and precipitation) with temperature being the most crucial one. Wheat is severely affected by high temperatures with reproductive and grain-filling phases being most sensitive, impacting grain number, size and weight. Seed size and weight are the key agronomic traits subjected to artificial selection and involved in the domestication process since the origin of agriculture. Three genotypes Banks, EGA Gregory and Fang-60 with the latter known to be heat tolerant were grown under glass house conditions and subjected to heat stress for 3 days during early- (11–14 dpa – days post anthesis) and late- (27–30 dpa) grain filling stages in a mutually exclusive fashion. The impact of heat stress during early- and late- grain filling on the four major grain characteristics, thousand grain weight (TGW), grain length, grain width and grain thickness was assessed. The tolerant genotype Fang-60 exhibited significantly higher TGW during early-grain filling heat stress than the control possibly due to an ability to exploit the accelerated release of fertilizer under high temperature. Banks and EGA Gregory were moderately tolerant to susceptible to heat stress, respectively, at early- and late-grain filling with Fang-60 being tolerant to both early- and late- grain filling heat stress. This study confirms the availability of significant genetic variation in heat stress response in wheat that might be exploited to adapt wheat to higher growth temperatures.
SUAS: A Novel Soft Underwater Artificial Skin with Capacitive Transducers and Hyperelastic Membrane
Authors: Muscolo Giovanni Gerardo , Moretti Giacomo , Cannata Giorgio
Published: December 2018

The paper presents physical modeling, design, simulations, and experimentation on a novel Soft Underwater Artificial Skin (SUAS) used as tactile sensor. The SUAS functions as an electrostatic capacitive sensor, and it is composed of a hyperelastic membrane used as external cover and oil inside it used to compensate the marine pressure. Simulation has been performed studying and modeling the behavior of the external interface of the SUAS in contact with external concentrated loads in marine environment. Experiments on the external and internal components of the SUAS have been done using two different conductive layers in oil. A first prototype has been realized using a 3D printer. The results of the paper underline how the soft materials permit better adhesion of the conductive layer to the transducers of the SUAS obtaining higher capacitance. The results here presented confirmed the first hypotheses presented in a last work and opened new ways in the large-scale underwater tactile sensor design and development. The investigations are performed in collaboration with a national Italian project named MARIS, regarding the possible extension to the underwater field of the technologies developed within the European project ROBOSKIN.
Maritime Archaeology and Underwater Cultural Heritage in the Disputed South China Sea
Authors: Perez-Alvaro Elena , Forrest Craig
Published: December 2018

China’s broad geopolitical strategy and positioning for global influence includes its averred legal position in relation to its sovereignty and jurisdiction in the South China Sea. A response to this legal position was the Philippines’ initiation of arbitral proceedings constituted under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Despite the non-participation of China in these proceedings, the arbitral decision of 2016 clarified a number of legal provisions pertinent to the ongoing territorial and maritime disputes in the South China Sea. This decision impacted directly on China’s assertion of sovereign and jurisdictional historical title or rights, which, in part, relies on evidence obtained from underwater cultural heritage and the associated maritime archaeology. This article critically evaluates China’s maritime archaeology program and its policy with respect to underwater cultural heritage in light of the 2016 arbitral decision and the underlying international law of the sea. While recognizing that China’s policy is not inconsistent with its broader heritage policy, and its national approach to the protection of underwater cultural heritage, this article argues that this cannot be used to support China’s South China Sea claims and is not only misplaced, such as to pose a risk to the archaeological record, but also inconstant with international developments in the form of the 2001 United Nations Convention of the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PRECLASSIC AND PROTOCLASSIC BURIAL PRACTICES AT IZAPA AND IN SOUTHEASTERN MESOAMERICA
Authors: Lieske Rosemary
Published: December 2018

Extensive investigation at the archaeological site of Izapa in southern Chiapas, Mexico, by the New World Archaeological Foundation yielded few burials at the site's core ceremonial precinct. Those found were located on the acropolis that supports Mound 30a and defines the north side of Izapa Group B. The majority of caches found in this zone date to the Protoclassic Hato and Itstapa phases (100b.c.–a.d.250). The shift in mortuary practices ca. 100b.c.was accompanied by several changes to the site's occupation and architectural patterns. Study of these mortuary traditions provides important insights regarding the reconfiguration of Izapa's political organization at the turn of the millennium. Comparisons of mortuary practices at Izapa with those of neighboring civic-ceremonial centers El Ujuxte, Takalik Abaj, and Kaminaljuyu during the Preclassic and Protoclassic transitions contextualizes the practices found at Izapa at a regional level.
Vichy in Baden-Baden – The Personnel of the French Occupation in Germany after 1945
Authors: Wambach Julia
Published: December 2018

This article examines the contested presence of Vichy administrators in high positions of the French administration of occupied Germany after the Second World War. In occupied Germany, where many of Pétain’s officials pursued their careers, resisters and collaborators negotiated their new positions in the wake of the German occupation of France. Key to understanding this settlement are the notions of expertise and merit as well as the role of the inherited French social order untouched by the collaboration.
The Polish Peasant on the Sugar Plantation: Bronisław Malinowski, Feliks Gross and Józef Obrębski in the New World
Authors: Lebow Katherine
Published: December 2018

This article explores how two of anthropologist Bronisław Malinowski’s Polish protegés, Feliks Gross (1906–2006) and Józef Obrębski (1905–67), sought to rebuild careers in the United States after the Second World War. Reading the scholars’ correspondence of 1946 to 1948, exchanged while Gross was commuting between jobs in New York and Wyoming and Obrębski was conducting fieldwork in Jamaica, it examines the confidence, excitement and sense of discovery with which the two refugees sought to transplant theories and methods first cultivated in interwar Poland to new soil. Arguing that Gross and Obrębski approached exile as a chance to ‘go global’ with Polish social science, it emphasises the role of both place and displacement in intellectual history. In particular, it looks at how the scholars drew on pre-war experiences in East Central Europe to produce new ways of thinking about nationality, globalisation and decolonisation in the post-war world.
Regulating Genome Editing: For an Enlightened Democratic Governance
Authors: CAVALIERE GIULIA , DEVOLDER KATRIEN , GIUBILINI ALBERTO
Published: December 2018

How should we regulate genome editing in the face of persistent substantive disagreement about the moral status of this technology and its applications? In this paper, we aim to contribute to resolving this question. We first present two diametrically opposed possible approaches to the regulation of genome editing. A first approach, which we refer to as “elitist,” is inspired by Joshua Greene’s work in moral psychology. It aims to derive at an abstract theoretical level what preferences people would have if they were committed to implementing public policies regulating genome editing in a context of ethical pluralism. The second approach, which we refer to as the democratic approach, defended by Francoise Baylis and Sheila Jasanoff et al., emphasizes the importance of including the public’s expressed attitudes in the regulation of genome editing. After pointing out a serious shortcoming with each of these approaches, we propose our own favored approach—the “enlightened democracy” approach—which attempts to combine the strengths of the elitist and democratic approaches while avoiding their weaknesses.
Working Together to Make the World a Healthier Place: Desiderata for the Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: LEISINGER KLAUS M. , CHATFIELD KATE
Published: December 2018

Cross-sectorial, dynamic, and innovative partnerships are essential to resolve the challenges of humankind in the 21st century. At the same time, trust in each other’s integrity and good will is a precondition for the solution of any complex problem, and certainly for the success of the United Nations Sustainable Development Agenda. Experience shows that a nation’s economic and social success is at its greatest if, and when, there is cooperation and even cocreation involving a fair division of labor and responsibility among the different societal stakeholders. This paper uses Ralf Dahrendorf’s seminal work on obligations, as well as the European Commission’s Science with and for Society unit’s definition of responsible research and innovation (RRI), to motivate industry responsibilities to make the world a healthier place.
“Go Ask Alice”: The Case for Researching Schedule I Drugs
Authors: ISERSON KENNETH V.
Published: December 2018

The available treatments for disorders affecting large segments of the population are often costly, complex, and only marginally effective, and many have numerous side effects. These disorders include dementias, debilitating neurological disorders, the multiple types of drug addiction, and the spectrum of mental health disorders.

Preliminary studies have shown that a variety of psychedelic and similar U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration Schedule I drugs may offer better treatment options than those that currently exist and pose potentially the same or even less risk than do legal psychoactive (alcohol, caffeine, nicotine) and nonpsychoactive (aspirin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen) substances. The pharmaceutical industry and academia, however, have largely avoided this avenue of research.

Fairness to the affected populations demands that these drugs be adequately studied and, if they or their congeners are shown to be effective, made available with the proper caveats, instructions, and protections that other potentially abused medications (e.g., narcotics) receive. These substances may prove to relieve patients’ struggles with less effective treatments and decrease mortality from nontreatment of some conditions.