bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kết quả phẫu thuật nội soi tái tạo dây chằng chéo trước một bó kỹ thuật tất cả bên trong tại Bệnh viện E
Authors: Phạm Tùng
Published: August 2023

TÓM TẮT

Đặt vấn đề: Đứt dây chằng chéo trước là một trong những chấn thương hay gặp nhất. Mục đích của phẫu thuật tái tạo dây chằng chéo trước là phục hồi lại dây chằng theo đúng giải phẫu, chức năng và tránh tổn thương thứ phát do đứt dây chằng chéo trước gây ra. Kỹ thuật nội soi tái tạo dây chằng chéo trước một bó tất cả bên trong là kỹ thuật mới với nhiều ưu điểm vượt trội.

Đối tượng, phương pháp: Chúng tôi đã tiến cứu 35 bệnh nhân phẫu thuật nội soi tái tạo dây chằng chéo trước với kỹ thuật một bó tất cả bên trong tại khoa Phẫu thuật Chấn thương chỉnh hình và Y học thể thao - Bệnh viện E từ tháng 3/2021 đến tháng 3/2022.

Kết quả: 100% bệnh nhân liền vết mổ tốt, không nhiễm khuẩn; 100% bệnh nhân đều phục hồi biên độ vận động gấp khớp gối trở về bình thường, không có bệnh nhân hạn chế biên độ vận động duỗi; điểm Lysholm trung bình là 95,52 điểm, tốt và rất tốt 34 bệnh nhân (95,4%), trung bình 1 bệnh nhân (4,6%).

Kết luận: Những kết quả khả quan của phẫu thuật tái tạo dây chằng chéo trước khớp gối sử dụng kĩ thuật tất cả bên trong đã mang tới thêm một lựa chọn về phương pháp điều trị cho người bệnh khi bị đứt dây chằng chéo trước với mục đích phục hồi tối đa độ vững chắc của khớp gối.

ABSTRACT

RESULTS OF ARTHROSCOPY ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION WITH SINGLE - BUNDLE ALL - INSIDE TECHNIQUE AT E HOSPITAL

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament rupture is one of the most common injuries. The purpose of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery is to restore the ligament according to anatomy and function and avoid secondary injury caused by anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Single - bundle all - inside arthroscopy reconstruction is a new technique with many outstanding advantages

Methods: We conducted a prospective study of 35 patients undergoing arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with an all - inside single - bundle technique at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine - Hospital E from March 2021 to March 2022.

Results: 100% of patients have good wound healing, no infection; 100% of patients recovered the range of motion of knee flexion back to normal, no patients with limited range of extensor range of motion; The average Lysholm score was 95.52 points, good and very good 34 patients (95.4%), fair 1 patient (4.6%).

Conclusion: The positive results of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery using single - bundle all - inside techniques have provided an additional treatment option for patients with anterior cruciate ligament rupture with the aim of restoring Maximum recovery of knee stiffness.
Ca bệnh hiếm: U lao não
Authors: Hoàng Quốc
Published: August 2023

TÓM TẮT

Bệnh lao các cơ quan thường được gây ra do vi khuẩn lao Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Lao hệ thần kinh trung ương (gồm viêm màng não, viêm não, áp xe não hoặc u lao não) chiếm khoảng 1% bệnh nhân mắc bệnh lao. U lao não rất hiếm. Chiếm tỷ lệ khoảng 1% các bệnh nhân mắc lao hệ thần kinh trung ương.

U lao não thường biểu hiện bằng các triệu chứng và dấu hiệu thần kinh khu trú hoặc thiếu hụt thần kinh mà không có bằng chứng của bệnh hệ thống. Các các đặc điểm X quang cũng không đặc hiệu, cần chẩn đoán phân biệt với các tổn thương ác tính, bệnh sarcoidose, áp xe sinh mủ, bệnh toxoplasma và bệnh nang sán.

Chúng tôi trình bày ca u lao não có biểu hiện lâm sàng bởi cơn co giật, hạch cổ và có hình ảnh u trên thăm dò MRI não. Bệnh lui khi được điều trị bằng thuốc kháng lao. ABSTRACT

A RARE CASE OF TUBERCULOSIS: CEREBRAL TUBERCULOMA

Tuberculosis usually results from Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Central nervous system tuberculosis (including meningitis, encephalitis, abscess, tuberculoma, cerebral miliary tuberculosis, vasculopathy) estimated 1% of all cases of tuberculosis. Cerebral tuberculoma, a rare form of TB, accounts for approximately 1% of these patients.

Tuberculomas often present with symptoms and signs of focal neurological deficit without evidence of systemic disease. The radiologic features are also nonspecific and differential diagnosis includes malignant lesions, sarcoidosis, pyogenic abscess, toxoplasmosis and cysticercosis.

We present a case of cerebral tuberculoma that had poor sign on clinic and tumor feature on MRI.
Vai trò nội soi phế quản trong chẩn đoán lao phổi tại bệnh viện Trung ương Huế
Authors: Phan Phương
Published: August 2023

TÓM TẮT

Đặt vấn đề: Bệnh lao là một bệnh truyền nhiễm, một trong những nguyên nhân hàng đầu gây tử vong trên toàn thế giới. Việc chẩn đoán lao phổi AFB âm tính vẫn còn là một thách thức cho ngành y tế.

Đối tượng, phương pháp: Nghiên cứu hồi cứu được tiến hành trên tất cả những bệnh nhân có triệu chứng lâm sàng và X-quang phổi nghi ngờ lao phổi vào điều trị tại khoa Bệnh Phổi - Bv TW Huế, có xét nghiệm 2 mẫu AFB đờm âm tính, gene Xpert MTB/RIF đờm âm tính và có chỉ định nội soi phế quản.

Kết quả: Trong 47 bệnh nhân đủ tiêu chuẩn tham gia nghiên cứu có 31 bệnh nhân (chiếm tỉ lệ 66,0%) có tổn thương trên nội soi phế quản, số bệnh nhân không có tổn thương trên nội soi phế quản là 16 (chiếm tỉ lệ 34,0%) sự khác biệt có ý nghĩa thống kê với p = 0,0287. Đặc điểm tổn thương hay gặp nhất là xung huyết gặp ở 20 bệnh nhân (chiếm tỉ lệ 64,5%). Xơ sẹo hẹp và đàm gặp ở 8 và 7 trường hợp (chiếm tỉ lệ lần lượt là 25,8% và 22,6%). Vị trí tổn thương trên nội soi phế quản gặp nhiều nhất ở phổi phải (16 bệnh nhân chiếm tỉ lệ 51,6%). Tỷ lệ dương tính xét nghiệm Xpert MTB/RIF trong dịch rửa phế quản là 36,2%.

Kết luận: Nội soi phế quản là một công cụ hữu ích trong chẩn đoán lao phổi thông qua hình ảnh quan sát được trong quá trình nội soi và đặc biệt là kết quả xét nghiệm dịch rửa phế quản. Xét nghiệm gene Xpert MTB/RIF trong dịch rửa phế quản có giá trị cao trong việc chẩn đoán những trường hợp lao phổi khó chẩn đoán.

ABSTRACT

ROLE OF FLEXIBLE BRONCHOSCOPY IN DIAGNOSING TB AT HUE CENTRAL HOSPITAL

Background: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease, a major cause of illness and one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The diagnosis of AFB - negative pulmonary TB remains a medical challenge.

Methods: Retrospective study All patients with clinical symptoms and chest X-ray suspected of pulmonary tuberculosis admitted to the Department of Pulmonary Diseases - Hue Central Hospital, from January to December 2022, tested 2 negative sputum AFB and negative sputum Xpert MTB/RIF calculated and indicated bronchoscopy.

Results: Among 47 patients who were eligible for the study, there were 31 (66.0%) lesions on bronchoscopy, no lesions 16 (34.0%), the difference was statistically significant with p = 0.0287. The most common lesion feature was edematous - hyperemic in 20 patients (64.5%). fibrostenotic and sputum met with the rate of 8 (25.8%) and 7 (22.6%). The most common location of lesions on the right was 16 (51.6%). The positive rate of Xpert MTB/RIF test in bronchoalveolar lavage was 36.2%.

Conclusion: Bronchoscopy is a useful tool in diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis through imaging and especially in obtaining fluid for testing. Xpert MTB/RIF test in bronchoalveolar lavage is of high value in diagnosing difficult cases of pulmonary tuberculosis.
Sentana Paperasan's Legal Efforts as a Solution to Overcoming Decisions in Banjar Kutuh, Sayan Village, Ubud District, Gianyar Regency
Authors: MAHENDRA I Komang Arya Sentana , WESNA Putu Ayu Sriasih , UTAMA I Wayan Kartika Jaya
Published: August 2023

The process of adopting children is not only regulated based on national law, but also regulated according to customary law or often referred to as awig-awig which exists in each traditional village in Bali. In this study, empirical legal research methods will be used which will focus on the discrepancies that occur in accordance with the theory of the reality that occurs in society. The discussion that will be described in this study includes the position and legal protection of sentana extortion in inheritance at Banjar Kutuh, Sayan Village, Ubud District, Gianyar Regency. The position of the custodian of inheritance in Banjar Kutuh, Sayan Village, Ubud District, Gianyar Regency in overcoming the decision, namely in Balinese Customary Law, a child who has undergone the process of extortion ceremony is bound by his family relationship with the adoptive parent accompanied by severance of the relationship with his biological family. Where the relationship of a sentana (adopted child) with his biological parents is erased when they have undergone an extortion ceremony procession. Legal Protection Against Sentana Extortion in Inheritance under Article 832 jo.842 jo. Article 852 (a) of the Civil Code, based on an analysis using the theory of justice and the theory of legal protection, adopted children are included as heirs who inherit based on their own position in the First class in obtaining inheritance rights from their adoptive parents, thereby closing the rights of other heirs.
Algunos aspectos de la ayuda financiera del Partido Comunista de la URSS al comunismo chileno durante la Guerra Fría
Authors: Uliánova Olga , Fediakova Eugenia
Published: August 2023

En este artículo se entregan antecedentes, hasta ahora desconocidos, sobre la ayuda financiera prestada por el Partido Comunista de la URSS (PCUS) a su homólogo chileno entre los años 1950 y 1973. En la investigación, las autoras lograron acceder a documentos reservados que revelan la existencia de ‘un vínculo orgánico y permanente’ en materia financiera entre el Partido Comunista de Chile (PC) y el PC soviético. Aun cuando en el período examinado el PC chileno era una entidad con estructuras estables y contaba con una indiscutida base social propia y autónoma, esta ayuda económica permitía asegurar el funcionamiento orgánico y a largo plazo (pagar sueldos, arriendos u otros) de una colectividad basada en cuadros de ‘revolucionarios profesionales´. Esta colaboración directa y regular al PC chileno, señalan las autoras, fue un factor de la política interna chilena: aseguraba la articulación y funcionamiento de una máquina partidista y al mismo tiempo fomentaba en los militares un sentido de pertenencia al movimiento global. Las investigadoras, a su vez, pudieron acceder a algunas de las partes de los diarios de los embajadores soviéticos en Chile durante el período de la Unidad Popular y fotocopiar informes sobre la situación chilena elaborados por politólogos soviéticos. Este material documental no solo da cuenta de cuáles eran los interlocutores de la izquierda chilena con la URSS, sino también de las expectativas y percepciones de la izquierda chilena en relación con la URSS y viceversa. Estos documentos, junto con fotocopias que acreditan los aportes en divisas de la URSS al Partido Comunista de Chile (firmados por L. Brezhnev, B. Ponomariov, M. Suslov y otros miembros de la dirección soviética), se incluyen en Anexo 2.
Grid-based Atmospheric Retrievals for Reflected-light Spectra of Exoplanets Using PSGnest
Authors: Susemiehl Nicholas , Mandell Avi M. , Villanueva Geronimo L. , Liuzzi Giuliano , Moore Michael , Baines Tyler , Himes Michael D. , W. Smith Adam J. R.
Published: August 2023

Techniques to retrieve the atmospheric properties of exoplanets via direct observation of their reflected light have often been limited in scope owing to computational constraints imposed by the forward-model calculations. We have developed a new set of techniques that significantly decrease the time required to perform a retrieval while maintaining accurate results. We constructed a grid of 1.4 million precomputed geometric albedo spectra valued at discrete sets of parameter points. Spectra from this grid are used to produce models for a fast and efficient nested sampling routine called PSGnest. Beyond the upfront time to construct a spectral grid, the amount of time to complete a full retrieval using PSGnest is on the order of seconds to minutes using a personal computer. An extensive evaluation of the error induced from interpolating intermediate spectra from the grid indicates that this bias is insignificant compared to other retrieval error sources, with an average coefficient of determination between interpolated and true spectra of 0.998. We apply these new retrieval techniques to help constrain the optimal bandpass centers for retrieving various atmospheric and bulk parameters from a LuvEx-type mission observing several planetary archetypes. We show that spectral observations made using a 20% bandpass centered at 0.73 μm can be used alongside our new techniques to make detections of H2O and O2 without the need to increase observing time beyond what is necessary for a signal-to-noise ratio of 10. The methods introduced here will enable robust studies of the capabilities of future observatories to characterize exoplanets.
Multiple Stellar Populations in Metal-poor Globular Clusters with JWST: A NIRCam View of M92
Authors: Ziliotto Tuila , Milone Antonino , Marino Anna F. , Dotter Aaron L. , Renzini Alvio , Vesperini Enrico , Karakas Amanda , Cordoni Giacomo , Dondoglio Emanuele , Legnardi Maria V. , Lagioia Edoardo P. , Mohandasan Anjana , Baimukhametova Sarah
Published: August 2023

Recent work on metal-intermediate globular clusters (GCs) with [Fe/H] = −1.5 and −0.75 has illustrated the theoretical behavior of multiple populations in photometric diagrams obtained with the JWST. These results are confirmed by observations of multiple populations among the M dwarfs of 47 Tucanae. Here we explore multiple populations in metal-poor GCs with [Fe/H] = −2.3. We take advantage of synthetic spectra and isochrones that account for the chemical composition of multiple populations to identify photometric diagrams that separate the distinct stellar populations of GCs. We derive high-precision photometry and proper motion for main-sequence (MS) stars in the metal-poor GC M92 from JWST and Hubble Space Telescope images. We identify a first-generation (1G) and two main groups of second-generation (2GA and 2GB) stars and investigate their kinematics and chemical composition. We find isotropic motions with no differences among the distinct populations. The comparison between the observed colors of the M92 stars and the colors derived by synthetic spectra reveals that the helium abundances of 2GA and 2GB stars are higher than those of the 1G by ΔY ∼ 0.01 and 0.04, respectively. The m
F090W versus m
F090W − m
F277W color–magnitude diagram shows that below the knee MS stars exhibit a wide color broadening due to multiple populations. We constrain the amount of oxygen variation needed to reproduce the observed MS width, which is consistent with results on red giant branch stars. We conclude that multiple populations with masses of ∼0.1–0.8 M
⊙ share similar chemical compositions.
Probing the Origin of Changing-look Quasar Transitions with Chandra
Authors: Yang Qian , Green Paul J. , MacLeod Chelsea L. , Plotkin Richard M. , Anderson Scott F. , Bieryla Allyson , Civano Francesca , Eracleous Michael , Graham Matthew , Ruan John J. , Runnoe Jessie , Zhao Xiurui
Published: August 2023

Extremely variable quasars can also show strong changes in broad-line emission strength and are known as changing-look quasars (CLQs). To study the CLQ transition mechanism, we present a pilot sample of CLQs with X-ray observations in both the bright and faint states. From a sample of quasars with bright-state archival SDSS spectra and (Chandra or XMM-Newton) X-ray data, we identified five new CLQs via optical spectroscopic follow-up and then obtained new target-of-opportunity X-ray observations with Chandra. No strong absorption is detected in either the bright- or the faint-state X-ray spectra. The intrinsic X-ray flux generally changes along with the optical variability, and the X-ray power-law slope becomes harder in the faint state. Large-amplitude mid-infrared variability is detected in all five CLQs, and it echoes the variability in the optical with a time lag expected from the light-crossing time of the dusty torus for CLQs with robust lag measurements. The changing-obscuration model is not consistent with the observed X-ray spectra and spectral energy distribution changes seen in these CLQs. It is highly likely that the observed changes are due to the changing accretion rate of the supermassive black hole, so the multiwavelength emission varies accordingly, with promising analogies to the accretion states of X-ray binaries.
Where are the Water Worlds?: Self-consistent Models of Water-rich Exoplanet Atmospheres
Authors: Kempton Eliza M.-R. , Lessard Madeline , Malik Matej , Rogers Leslie A. , Futrowsky Kate E. , Ih Jegug , Marounina Nadejda , Romero-Mirza Carlos E.
Published: August 2023

It remains to be ascertained whether sub-Neptune exoplanets primarily possess hydrogen-rich atmospheres or whether a population of H2O-rich water worlds lurks in their midst. Addressing this question requires improved modeling of water-rich exoplanetary atmospheres, both to predict and interpret spectroscopic observations and to serve as upper boundary conditions on interior structure calculations. Here, we present new models of hydrogen-helium-water atmospheres with water abundances ranging from solar to 100% water vapor. We improve upon previous models of high-water-content atmospheres by incorporating updated prescriptions for water self-broadening and a nonideal gas equation of state. Our model grid (https://umd.box.com/v/water-worlds) includes temperature–pressure profiles in radiative-convective equilibrium, along with their associated transmission and thermal emission spectra. We find that our model updates primarily act at high pressures, significantly impacting bottom-of-atmosphere temperatures, with implications for the accuracy of interior structure calculations. Upper-atmosphere conditions and spectroscopic observables are less impacted by our model updates, and we find that, under most conditions, retrieval codes built for hot Jupiters should also perform well on water-rich planets. We additionally quantify the observational degeneracies among both thermal emission and transmission spectra. We recover standard degeneracies with clouds and mean molecular weight for transmission spectra, and we find thermal emission spectra to be more readily distinguishable from one another in the water-poor (i.e., near-solar) regime.
The Behavior of Bp He-weak Stars in the far-UV—Paper XI: HD 35456
Authors: Monier Richard
Published: August 2023

The analysis of four spectra of the B7 He-weak star HD 35456 recorded by the SWP camera on board the International Ultraviolet Explorer does not reveal any variations of the far-ultraviolet spectral energy distribution shortwards of 1700 Å over slightly more than one rotational period. There is no sign of variability in the numerous Si ii, Si iii and Si iv lines present in the far-ultraviolet. The profile of the resonance line of C ii at 1335 Å remains constant too.
Low Expression of Calcitriol Level and Interleukin-10 and Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1 Alpha Expression on Placenta
Authors: Suwiyoga I Ketut , Astawa I Nyoman Mantik , Jawi I Made , Putra I Wayan Artana
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia (PE) is the disease of theories and the second leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidities and mortalities worldwide. These pathological disturbances will induce inflammation process, oxidative stress, and poor subsequent growth on the fetus including 32% of intrauterine growth restriction, 22% of prematurity, and 24% of neonatal sepsis and asphyxia. There are many theories about the mechanism of PE. In the molecularly level, it is suspected that the low level of calcitriol and interleukin (IL)-10 expressions and high expression of hypoxia- inducible factor (HIF)-1α are the risk factors of PE.
AIM: The aim of this study was to prove the low calcitriol level, IL-10, and high expression of HIF-1α in the placenta as the risk factors of PE.
METHODS: A nested case–control study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology Sanglah and Wangaya Hospital Denpasar, Bali, from November 2020 to February 2021.
RESULTS: A total of 64 samples of 20–40 weeks gestation age were selected by purposive consecutive sampling, divided into two groups consist of 32 PE as the cases and 32 non-PE as the controls. The material examination, 3 × 3 cm was isolated from the maternal placental surface, was performed at Laboratorium Biomedik Terpadu, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University.  We  performed an ELISA technique to find out the calcitriol level; in the other hand, we used immunohistochemistry for detected expression of IL-10 and HIF-1-α. The results revealed the risk of PE in low placental calcitriol levels about 13.8 times higher than in high calcitriol levels (odds ratio [OR] = 13,801, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.048–47,050, p = 0.001. The risk of PE in low placental IL-10 expression about 6.6 times higher than in high IL-10 expression (OR = 6600; 95% CI = 2208–19,728; p = 0.001). The risk of PE in high placental HIF-1-α expression about 5.6 times higher than in low placental HIF-1-α expression (OR = 5.622; 95% CI = 1.922–16.450; p = 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Low calcitriol level, low IL-10, and high HIF-1-α expression on the placenta were proved as significant risk factors for the development of PE.
Beware of scientific scams! Hints to avoid predatory publishing in biological journals
Authors: Pereira Cássio Cardoso , Mello Marco A. R. , Negreiros Daniel , Figueiredo João Carlos Gomes , Kenedy-Siqueira Walisson , Maia Lara Ribeiro , Fernandes Stephannie , Fernandes Gabriela França Carneiro , Ponce de Leon Amanda , Ashworth Lorena , Oki Yumi , de Castro Gislene Carvalho , Aguilar Ramiro , Fearnside Philip M. , Fernandes G. Wilson
Published: August 2023

Our motivation for writing this editorial is to alert the academic community about the risks of predatory publishing in Biology. By piggy-backing on the open access (OA) movement and taking advantage of the “publish or perish” culture in a system that prioritises quantity over quality, predatory publishing has grown exponentially in recent years and spread across all areas of knowledge. Thousands of predatory journals and books have emerged and (provided a fee is paid) they publish scientific papers and chapters without submitting them to rigorous peer review. Now there are even predatory meetings, which promise to accept talks and publish complete works for a fee, also without reviewing them properly. These profit-making machines can damage both academia and society, putting at risk the quality of science and public trust in it, the well-being of the population, the conservation of biodiversity and the mitigation of climate change. We show the modus operandi behind invitations to contribute to predatory journals, books and meetings and suggest ways to separate the wheat from the chaff. Finally, we discuss the need to create regulatory agencies that perform a careful and systematic evaluation of the activities carried out by publishers.
Description of a new species of black coral in the family Aphanipathidae (Anthozoa, Antipatharia) from Puerto Rico
Authors: Horowitz Jeremy , Opresko Dennis M. , González-García María del P. , Quattrini Andrea M.
Published: August 2023

Black corals (Anthozoa: Antipatharia) are an anthozoan lineage in the class Hexacorallia that occur across a wide range of habitats from the tropics to the poles and from surface waters to depths deeper than 8000 m. A new species of black coral, Aphanipathes puertoricoensissp. nov., collected with a remotely operated vehicle 357 m deep off Puerto Rico is recognized in the family Aphanipathidae. The new species is characterized by very long and loosely coiled primary branches and up to 0.5 mm tall spines with as many as 40 or more small conical tubercles. A phylogeny composed of 13 taxa that are closely related to the new species was reconstructed from 793 nuclear loci to show their systematic relationships. Our study integrated morphological and genomic data to show that this new species is distinct from other species in the genus Aphanipathes. Furthermore, our results add to the growing knowledge of black coral diversity, while further demonstrating the need for exploration in deep waters of the Caribbean Sea.
Cultivating a Mindset of Abundance
Authors: Larkin Troy J.
Published: August 2023

Cultivating a mindset of abundance as opposed to scarcity is a valuable practice, especially for those in health care. Evidence suggests that maintaining a scarcity mindset stifles creative solutions to challenges and may even constrain empathy. Purposeful practices that encourage development of an abundance mindset are offered.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2023;54(8):344–346.]
On the asymptotic stability of linear difference equations with time-varying coefficients
Authors: Zaitsev Vasilii
Published: August 2023

Issues of the asymptotic stability for linear difference equations with time-varying coefficients are discussed. It is shown that, in contrast to equations with constant coefficients, the condition of Schur stability of the characteristic polynomial for a linear difference equation with time-varying coefficients is neither necessary nor sufficient for the asymptotic stability of the difference equation. It is proved that the analog of Kharitonov's theorem on robust stability and the edge theorem do not hold for a difference equation if the coefficients of the equation are not constant.
The influence of immune cells on the existence of virus quasi-species
Authors: Moussaoui Ali , Volpert Vitaly
Published: August 2023

This article investigate a nonlocal reaction-diffusion system of equations modeling virus distribution with respect to their genotypes in the interaction with the immune response. This study demonstrates the existence of pulse solutions corresponding to virus quasi-species. The proof is based on the Leray-Schauder method, which relies on the topological degree for elliptic operators in unbounded domains and a priori estimates of solutions. Furthermore, linear stability analysis of a spatially homogeneous stationary solution identifies the critical conditions for the emergence of spatial and spatiotemporal structures. Finally, numerical simulations are used to illustrate nonlinear dynamics and pattern formation in the nonlocal model.
Implications for Global and Regional Security
Authors: Kapitonenko Mykola
Published: August 2023

The chapter assesses consequences of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, both global and regional. It examines how the war shaped and reinforced the shifts in the balance of power; it also focuses on transformations of regional security architecture. A global competition of China and the US is examined as a context of the war; implications of the security strategy of such actors as NATO, the EU, and Germany are also examined. It concludes with considerations about whether wars are back in a realist-driven international politics.
The Russia-Ukraine War
Authors: Tekir Gökhan
Published: August 2023

This study intends to analyze the effects of the Russia-Ukraine war on the Belt and Road Initiative. As the Belt and Road Initiative is the President Xi Jinping's flagship foreign policy agenda, the effects of the Russia-Ukraine war on the Belt and Road Initiative are worth discussing. Although the Russia-Ukraine war is a geopolitical event, the consequences of the war on geoeconomics could be seen. Through its six economic corridors the Belt and Road Initiative sets up trade, financial, people-to-people, and digital connectivities across the world. The Russia-Ukraine war disrupted connectivities across the regions that the Belt and Road Initiative aspires to set up. Especially, China's land connection to Europe through the Northern Route stalled because of war conditions. Furthermore, the Russia-Ukraine war damaged China's political, economic, and infrastructural linkages to European countries. The course of the war between Russia and Ukraine could have drastic results on the progress of the Belt and Road Initiative.
Turkey's Role During the Russia and Ukraine War
Authors: Alkan Abdulmelik
Published: August 2023

This study aims to examine the national roles Turkey adopted during Russia-Ukraine War. The national role concept was developed in the second half of the 20th century. Holsti carried the concept from sociology to international relations. According to this concept, every state plays a particular role that its leaders specify as appropriate for their countries. Turkiye also played a national role in the international arena during the war between Russia and Ukraine. These roles have been highlighted by their differing political aims. On the one hand, Turkey has desired to repair its political image as “aggressive.” Turkey adopted a mediator-integrator role between Putin and Zelensky. On the other side, Turkey didn't reject its political maneuvers of recent times which formed in trajectory of being “independent” of western or Eurasian oriented policies. Turkey criticized Russia's invasions acts. It also criticized NATO because it ruled out Russia's existential concerns over NATO's plans.
The Regional Geopolitics and Reaction of EU and OSCE Towards Russia
Authors: Bag Akash , Aishwarya ­ , Sharma Rinkey
Published: August 2023

Numerous organizations have battled for global peace and stability since the end of World War II. The difficult situation in Ukraine turned into an armed conflict in February 2022 when Russia launched a military offensive, despite efforts by organizations and world leaders to prevent it. This essay will look at the conflict prevention efforts made by the European Union (EU) and the Organization for Security and Co-operation (OSCE) concerning the war in Ukraine. The notion behind conflict prevention measures is supported by a study done by the Carnegie organization. The analysis findings show that both companies employ strategies from Carnegie's conflict-prevention theory. None of the organizations use all seven metrics from the theory, resulting in two different centers of gravity for the measurements. Conclusions can be taken from the various organizational types and their capacity to employ various tactics.
The Extension of Solidarity and the Polish Role in Ukrainian Refugee Management
Authors: Bharti Simant Shankar , Bista Deepen
Published: August 2023

Russian aggression has been once again triggered towards Ukraine after 2014 but this time it has come with a more catastrophic collapse of a democratic country. Russia attacked Ukraine on 24 February 2022 resulting in a mass migration of Ukrainian citizens towards Polish borders and other European nations. As to data, most war refugees fled to Poland, and the Polish government and its citizen welcomed most of them. This chapter explores the Polish role in the management of Ukrainian refugees and in providing them with facilities for immediate integration into society. Although Poland is frequently regarded as a country that wants to be a ‘solidarity superpower', the article also analyses the status of Polish facilitation of Ukrainian war refugees. Recently, the Polish government regarded its vision on migration and refugee accommodation as ‘flexible solidarity'. Likewise, qualitative content and discourse analysis are applied to generate Poland as a ‘solidarity superpower'. The initial finding indicated that Poland has gained more advantages in being a regional player in Europe.
Analyzing the Impact of Geopolitical Implications of Gas Dependency on the European Union and Russia Due to the Ukrainian Conflict
Authors: Bag Akash , Limboo Samieekcha Subba , Pradhan Ashika
Published: August 2023

The European Union (hereinafter EU) has grown more reliant on Russian gas in recent decades. Multiple geopolitical disputes in Ukraine simultaneously affected gas relations and placed the country's independence under stress. This chapter aimed to examine the connection between reliance and geopolitical conflicts. This fascinating relationship was given a fresh perspective by examining it in the context of the interdependency and asymmetry theories. A unique case study, an abductive research method, was used to approach this challenge. As a result, the geopolitical problems in Ukraine are utilized to explain how reliance and conflict relate to one another. The primary factors examined were trade, reliance, and sanctions. According to the analysis, there is a significant connection between an actor's economic and political goals and how they affect reliance. It can be concluded that there is a connection between the geopolitical unrest in Ukraine and the EU's reliance on Russian gas.
Leaf Disease Detection Using Machine Learning (ML)
Authors: Babu C.V. Suresh , Swapna Ambati , Chowdary Dama Swathi , Vardhan Burri Sujit , Imran Mohd
Published: August 2023

This method's central idea is the generation of features using grey level co-occurrence matrices (GLCM). The spatial interactions between pixels are to be measured by the matrices. A grey-level co-occurrence matrix is used to extract co-occurrence features. Texture classification can be used for a number of applications, such as pattern identification, object tracking, and shape recognition, when done correctly and accurately. The images of the leaves are used to identify plant diseases. As a result, it is beneficial to apply image processing techniques to identify and categorise illnesses in agricultural applications. Making predictions or judgements without being explicitly programmed is possible by utilising machine learning algorithms to create a model based on test data, also referred to as “training data.” Because it is very challenging for humans to detect disease in leaves, we have introduced a classification of plant leaf diseases in this project. This study extracts the leaf's textural properties and compares them to classifiers that use RF, LDA, NN, and CNN.
Smart Agriculture Using a Soil Monitoring System
Authors: Ngoc Tran Thi Hong , Khanh Phan Truong , Pramanik Sabyasachi
Published: August 2023

Information that is current and accurate is essential for resource optimization. Sensors in agriculture identify the soil's nutrients, moisture, organic matter, and clay. Different technologies are used to link sensors located in diverse places. Without a connection to the internet, its data will be spontaneously communicated to the cloud. Utilizing WiFi, LPWAN, LoRa, Bluetooth, and other technologies, sensors broadcast data to nearby local base stations at varying distances before sending it to a distant central base station (CBS). It has a good environmental effect while lowering agricultural costs related to labor, water use, and other expenses. Information is more exact when it is integrated with additional data, such as weather predictions. IoT is fueled by the fusion of technologies like sensors, cloud computing, automation, etc. without human contact. This chapter's goal is to develop an embedded system for soil monitoring and irrigation that will replace manual field inspection with a mobile application.
Applications of Sensors in High-Tech Agriculture
Authors: Raza Aamir , Shahid Muhammad Adnan , Safdar Muhammad , Zaman Muhammad , Sabir Rehan Mehmood
Published: August 2023

This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the significance of sensors in high-tech agriculture, focusing on soil sensors, atmospheric sensors, and crop sensors. It explores the diverse applications of sensors in high-tech agriculture, such as soil moisture monitoring, irrigation management, soil nutrient monitoring, climate-based plant ET modeling, crop health monitoring, weeds management, pest and disease management. Scientific principles underpinning sensor technology and their practical applications in agriculture are discussed, highlighting the ability of sensors to provide real-time data on different crop parameters. The chapter also examines the benefits of sensor implementation in agriculture. Real-world case studies are presented to showcase successful sensor applications in agriculture, and the future prospects of sensor technology in high-tech agriculture are explored. Finally, the chapter emphasizes the pivotal role of sensors in modern agriculture and their potential to revolutionize farming practices.
An Application of Magnetic and Geochemical Techniques to Determine Pollution Load In Leafy Vegetables in the Industrial Area
Authors: Mohite Ramesh D. , Mudgal Trilok Ranjan , Kataria Krishan Kumar
Published: August 2023

A study is carried out to evaluate the heavy metals contamination in leafy vegetables in Navi Mumbai. Samples of four leafy vegetables—spinach, radish, mayalu, and red mat—were collected from Navi Mumbai. Heavy metals are determined in washed and unwashed bulk samples using a XRF spectrometer by the turbo quant-powder method. For visual identification of natural and anthropogenic particulates, geochemical, magnetic measurements, and scanning electron microscopy analysis of some washed and unwashed vegetable samples are carried out. The observed data when compared with the data of WHO limit, Fe, and Pb concentration were found to be more than permissible limits whereas the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Mn, and Ni were lower. Correlation coefficients between the magnetic susceptibility and concentrations of various elements in vegetable samples are computed. SEM images show the presence of a significant amount of magnetic spherules. Combined study of magnetic and chemical analyses provides informative results about shape, size, and surface structure of the particles contained in vegetables.
A Conceptual Framework for Addressing the Information of Farmers
Authors: Bangole Narendra Kumar Rao , Chanakya G.M. , Pasupuleti Rajesh
Published: August 2023

The study's main goal is to use technology to stress the adoption of preventative practises where they are missing for the general health of Indian agriculture and the millions of farmers who work there. Pest and disease control, the use of fertilisers and pesticides, seed treatment, seed variety, and pesticide application are all crucial information requirements for each crop. Public agricultural extension programmes frequently fall short because farmers' information demands are not appropriately considered and their information-seeking strategies are not understood. The system intends to provide a new cognition-assisted learning technology-based architecture that will enhance the flexibility and intelligence of existing systems. To provide comprehensive, environmentally safe “crop protection and crop health solutions,” the system's outputs will be utilised to advise farmers on weather forecast, crop productivity, and fertilizer use.
A domparative study of early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis
Authors: Mudhale V. , Phatak P. , Dige S. , Ghate U. , Kadalge B.
Published: August 2023

Introduction- Inflammation of the gall bladder is known as acute cholecystitis. Sudden pain in the upper right of the abdomen along with bloating, vomiting, fever, tenderness are symptoms of acute cholecystitis. Laproscopic cholecystectomy is considered to be the gold standard for the treatment of acute cholecystitis.

Objective- To compare operative and post-operative outcomes like operating time, injury to bile ducts, postoperative pain, total length of hospital stay, need for conversion to open cholecystectomy between immediate and late LC.

Methodology- Sixty-eight patients aged between 18 to 60 years having acute cholecystitis admitted for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included. Patients were categorized and analyzed based on length of time from presentation to surgery. We defined operation of cholecystectomy within 3 days of presentation as ‘early’ laparoscopic cholecystectomy and anywhere after 3 days as ‘delayed’ laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Results: The p value obtained for ROFA is 0.042. and that for Pain scale is 0.027. Since the p value is less than 0.05, the null hypothesis is rejected and we can conclude that there is a statistically significant difference between the means of two groups with respect to these factors.

Conclusion- Both early and delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy is possible and safe in the treatment of acute cholecystitis but return to full activity is early and pain scale is less in cases of early cholecystectomy.
Trials, tribulations and the emergence of total thyroidectomy - A Sri Lankan perspective
Authors: Fernando R.
Published: August 2023

Abstract

The technique of thyroidectomy has emerged during the last 100 years, from a turbulent past’, due to the outstanding contributions made by many including the “Magnificent Seven” of thyroid surgery. The dissection of the gland, preservation Parathyroid function and protecting the Nerves are dealt with meticulously.

Total thyroidectomy is associated with complications of bleeding, permanent injury to Nerves and permanent hypoparathyroidism. Many centres have reported incidence of complications around 1-3%. This is the bench mark for surgeons world over.

Voice change is a major concern after thyroidectomy. A study has shown that RLN recovery much faster than the recovery of the EBSLN. The recovery will take up to 3 months in most patients.

Assessment of the surgical practices related to thyroid disease in Sri Lanka has shown that the practices have changed over the last decade. More total thyroidectomies are undertaken. Younger surgeons are undertaking more total thyroidectomies.

The quoted incidence of Incidental carcinoma is around 10-20% in the literature. In two studies done in the unit, an incidence between 8.8% and 11.38% was seen. This factor must be considered in surgical decision making for benign disease.

Most common cause of recurrences is the enlargement of embryological remnants of the thyroid and a modern thyroid surgeon must excise the embryological remnants meticulously.

Surgery for recurrent goitre is a difficult task. Data confirms that Lateral approach to the thyroid makes the task much easier. This must be considered a bench for Sri Lanka.

Cosmetic issues and cost must also be considered in thyroidectomy. Data confirms that Mini incision open thyroidectomy is a safe cost effective alternative to endoscopic thyroidectomy The obituary of open total thyroidectomy shall not be written for a long time.
Overcoming the challenges of a misdiagnosed rare lung disease - Idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis
Authors: Garg Shivam , Upadhya Pratap , Kumar Arul , Stephen Norton , Subramanian Bala
Published: August 2023

Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is a rare condition characterized by pleural and subpleural lung fibroelastosis with an upper lobe predominance. We present the third case of idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (IPPFE) from India, as well as the second antemortem diagnosis. A 27-year-old man presented with a one-year history of mMRC class II dry cough and shortness of breath. He described a fifteen-kilogram weight loss. After a clinico-radiological diagnosis, he was given anti-tubercular treatment and referred because he showed no improvement. A high-resolution computed tomography of the chest revealed bilateral upper lobe bullae, parenchymal and subpleural fibrosis, and irregular pleural thickening. PPFE was found in surgical lung and pleural biopsies. He was given systemic glucocorticoids but did not respond clinically or radiologically. Pirfenidone and a lung transplant were out of reach for him. He died nine months after being diagnosed with his condition. Finally, IPPFE is an extremely rare entity, with only three cases reported from our subcontinent. As a result, it is easily underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed; clinician awareness of this condition is critical for better diagnosis and management.
Scenario 2 1982
Authors: Redazione Redazione
Published: August 2023

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Rischio clinico per le persone che utilizzano a domicilio ossigenoterapia e ventilazione meccanica: indagine di prevalenza
Authors: Fontanella Lucia , Rigon Luisa Anna , Serena Pietro , Munarin Federico
Published: August 2023

Introduzione:Â le persone trattate a domicilio con ossigenoterapia (OTLT) e/o ventilazione meccanica, (VM) sono in progressivo aumento e pos- sono presentare situazioni di rischio clinico. Scopo dello studio Ã¨ indagare sulla prevalenza dei rischi di lesione correlati a inadeguata gestione o funzionamento dei dispositivi medici utilizzati per lâ€™OTLT e la VM.
La presenza dei familiari durante la rianimazione cardiorespiratoria: una revisione
Authors: Danci Maria , Benetton Maria
Published: August 2023

Obiettivo: identificare il vissuto degli operatori sanitari, dei familiari, e dei pazienti rispetto la presenza dei familiari durante la rianimazione cardiopolmonare in un adulto attraverso una revisione della letteratura.