bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health System Disruption at the Primary Health Center Level Affected by Earthquake, Tsunami, and Liquefaction in 3 Districts of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Wahidin Mugi , Pane Masdalina , Purnama Tri Bayu , Maemun Siti , Egawa Shinichi
Published: March 2022

Objectives:

An earthquake followed by tsunami and liquefaction on September 28, 2018, in Central Sulawesi caused health system disruptions. This study aimed to know health system disruption at the primary health center (PHC) level due to the disaster in 3 districts (Palu, Sigi, Donggala) of Central Sulawesi.

Methods:

This was a qualitative study conducted in March 2019 involving 36 PHCs. Data were collected through interview of PHC officers using a structured questionnaire. Variables included disruption of management, budget, human resources, drug supply, Early Warning Alert and Response System (EWARS) of epidemic prone disease (EPD), human resource migration, health facility damage, and health facility access. Descriptive analysis was conducted to define disruption for a 1-y projection.

Results:

Health system disruptions in Palu affected management, budget, human resources, EWARS, health facility damage, and health access; occurred within 1-2 mo; and were projected to become better after 6 mo. Problems in Sigi were management, human resources, drug supply, EPD, and EWARS for 1 mo after disaster and were projected to be better after 2 mo. The problems in Donggala were health services access, management, human resources for 1 mo after the disaster and were projected to be normal after 2 mo.

Conclusions:

Health system disruptions occurred in Central Sulawesi Province at the PHC level within 1-2 mo and were projected to become better after 3 mo in most PHCs.
Part-Time Employment in the Breadwinner Era: Dutch Employers’ Initiatives to Control Female Labor Force Participation, 1945–1970
Authors: de Groot T. J. (Timon)
Published: March 2022

In the 1950s, part-time work gradually became an element of labor policy to activate women to participate in the labor market that could be transferred from one country to another. Support of part-time employment in the Dutch labor market, however, was initially not endorsed as a solution to the problem of low female labor force participation but was the outcome of a more complex set of deliberations, in which the moral economy of employers’ organizations conflicted with broader demands for increased productivity. The article contrasts the initial concerns of Dutch employers about increasing women’s labor force participation with the country’s later international role in advocating part-time work for married women on an international scale. The Netherlands thereby serves as a case study of how employers’ organizations instrumentalized part-time employment for their own moral economy based in the breadwinner ideology.
Understanding demonstrative reference in text: a new taxonomy based on a new corpus
Authors: Maes Alfons , Krahmer Emiel , Peeters David
Published: March 2022

Endophoric demonstratives such asthisandthatare among the most frequently used words in written texts. Nevertheless, it remains unclear how exactly they should be subdivided and classified in terms of their different types of use. Here, we develop a new taxonomy of endophoric demonstratives based on a large-scale corpus including three written genres: news items, encyclopedic texts, and book reviews. The taxonomy enables analysts to reliably code endophoric demonstratives based on objectively applicable criteria, while at the same time making them aware of many subtle borderline cases. We consider the taxonomy as a theoretical foundation for future theoretical and empirical work into endophoric demonstratives, and as an analytical tool allowing researchers to unify and compare the results of studies on endophoric demonstratives coming from different genres and languages.
Patients’ experience of necrotising otitis externa: a qualitative study
Authors: Owen E , Abrar R , Stapleton E
Published: March 2022

Background

Necrotising otitis externa is a serious infective condition. Patients are typically frail, diagnostic delay is common and severe pain is a key feature. This study aimed to qualitatively analyse patient-centred data to identify key themes in the patient's experience.

Methods

Open-ended questionnaires were sent to 28 patients. Responses were qualitatively analysed using a grounded theory approach. Iterative cycles were used to develop codes using a constant comparison technique. Emerging categories were refined to identify core themes.

Results

Four main themes emerged: severe pain, mental health, quality of life and diagnostic delays.

Conclusion

This is the first study to explore patients’ perspectives in necrotising otitis externa. It indicates a need to raise awareness of necrotising otitis externa, and to improve symptom management, pain control and quality of life. This valuable information can be used to identify research priorities, guide service improvements, improve clinical care and feed into the development of a Core Outcome Set for necrotising otitis externa.
SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS MODELS WITH HIGHER-ORDER SPATIAL OR SOCIAL NETWORK INTERACTIONS
Authors: Drukker David M. , Egger Peter H. , Prucha Ingmar R.
Published: March 2022

This paper develops an estimation methodology for network data generated from a system of simultaneous equations, which allows for network interdependencies via spatial lags in the endogenous and exogenous variables, as well as in the disturbances. By allowing for higher-order spatial lags, our specification provides important flexibility in modeling network interactions. The estimation methodology builds, among others, on the two-step generalized method of moments estimation approach introduced in Kelejian and Prucha (1998, Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics 17, 99–121; 1999, International Economic Review 40, 509–533; 2004, Journal of Econometrics 118, 27–50). The paper considers limited and full information estimators, and one- and two-step estimators, and establishes their asymptotic properties. In contrast to some of the earlier two-step estimation literature, our asymptotic results facilitate joint tests for the absence of all forms of network spillovers.
Long-Stay Mood Stabilizer Use Increasing as Prescription of Antipsychotics Decreases
Authors: Winter Jonathan D. , Kerns J. William , Winter Katherine M. , Richards Alicia , Sabo Roy T.
Published: March 2022

Abstract. This retrospective cohort analysis of claims data used logistic regression to evaluate change in antipsychotic and antiepileptic mood stabilizer prescription frequencies in Virginia nursing homes among residents with and without seizure-epilepsy between the years 2011 and 2016. Over that period, prescription of antipsychotics decreased 13.1% to 5.6% in the long-stay population, while the use of antiepileptic mood stabilizers increased significantly 27.0%, to an 8.6% prevalence rate. These gains were entirely among residents without epilepsy. African-Americans and males were at significantly increased risk for the prescription of mood stabilizers. Growth in long-stay antiepileptic mood stabilizer use is unrelated to seizure-epilepsy, as these changes in prescription occurred only among residents without seizure-epilepsy. More antiepileptic mood stabilizers are now being prescribed to nursing-home residents without epilepsy than antipsychotics in the nursing-home population overall.
The cancer/testis antigen HORMAD1 mediates epithelial–mesenchymal transition to promote tumor growth and metastasis by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in lung cancer
Authors: Liu Kang , Cheng Li , Zhu Kun , Wang Jinhu , Shu Qiang
Published: March 2022

The cancer/testis antigen HORMAD1 is a mechanical regulator that modulates DNA homologous recombination repair and mismatch repair in multiple cancers. However, the role and underlying regulatory mechanisms of HORMAD1 in lung cancer progression remain unknown. Here, we show that HORMAD1 is upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues and that aberrant HORMAD1 expression predicts poor prognosis. We further demonstrate that HORMAD1 promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of lung cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo by inducing epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Subsequent mechanistic investigations revealed that HORMAD1 activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by increasing the phosphorylation level of AKT at Ser473 and that of GSK-3β at Ser9 in lung cancer cells, which decreases the phosphorylation level of β-catenin at Ser33/37/Thr41, enhances the cytoplasmic and nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and its transcriptional activity, consequently promoting EMT and lung cancer growth and metastasis. Our results provide new insights into the functional role and regulatory mechanism of HORMAD1 in lung cancer progression and identify HORMAD1 as a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for lung cancer.
GRP78 blockade overcomes intrinsic resistance to UBA1 inhibitor TAK-243 in glioblastoma
Authors: Zhang Xu , Wu Runqiu , Tian Cong , Wang Wanzhou , Zhou Lingni , Guo Tongxuan , Yu Jiefeng , Wu Changyong , Shen Yang , Liu Xuejiao , Yu Rutong
Published: March 2022

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive malignant primary brain tumor of the central nervous system. Despite continuous progression in treatment options for GBM like surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, this disease still has a high rate of recurrence. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway is associated with chemotherapeutic drug resistance. The UBA1 inhibitor TAK-243 can induce strong ER stress. However, the sensitivity of TAK-243 varies greatly in different tumor cells. This study evaluated the antitumor effects of the GRP78 inhibitor, HA15, combined with TAK-243 on GBM in the preclinical models. HA15 synergistically enhanced the sensitivity of GBM cells to TAK-243. When compared with TAK-243 monotherapy, HA15 combined with TAK-243 significantly inhibited GBM cell proliferation. It also induced G2/M-phase arrest in the cell cycle. In vivo studies showed that HA15 combined with TAK-243 significantly inhibited the growth of intracranial GBM and prolonged survival of the tumor-bearing mice. Mechanistically, HA15 and TAK-243 synergistically activated the PERK/ATF4 and IRE1α/XBP1 signaling axes, thereby eventually activating PARP and the Caspase families, which induced cell apoptosis. Our data provided a new strategy for improving the sensitivity of GBM to TAK-243 treatment and experimental basis for further clinical trials to evaluate this combination therapy.
Short- and long-range interactions in the HIV-1 5′ UTR regulate genome dimerization and packaging
Authors: Ye Liqing , Gribling-Burrer Anne-Sophie , Bohn Patrick , Kibe Anuja , Börtlein Charlene , Ambi Uddhav B. , Ahmad Shazeb , Olguin-Nava Marco , Smith Maureen , Caliskan Neva , von Kleist Max , Smyth Redmond P.
Published: March 2022

RNA dimerization is the noncovalent association of two human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) genomes. It is a conserved step in the HIV-1 life cycle and assumed to be a prerequisite for binding to the viral structural protein Pr55Gag during genome packaging. Here, we developed functional analysis of RNA structure-sequencing (FARS-seq) to comprehensively identify sequences and structures within the HIV-1 5′ untranslated region (UTR) that regulate this critical step. Using FARS-seq, we found nucleotides important for dimerization throughout the HIV-1 5′ UTR and identified distinct structural conformations in monomeric and dimeric RNA. In the dimeric RNA, key functional domains, such as stem-loop 1 (SL1), polyadenylation signal (polyA) and primer binding site (PBS), folded into independent structural motifs. In the monomeric RNA, SL1 was reconfigured into long- and short-range base pairings with polyA and PBS, respectively. We show that these interactions disrupt genome packaging, and additionally show that the PBS–SL1 interaction unexpectedly couples the PBS with dimerization and Pr55Gag binding. Altogether, our data provide insights into late stages of HIV-1 life cycle and a mechanistic explanation for the link between RNA dimerization and packaging.
Seasonality and reduced nitric oxide titration dominated ozone increase during COVID-19 lockdown in eastern China
Authors: Wang Hongli , Huang Cheng , Tao Wei , Gao Yaqin , Wang Siwen , Jing Shengao , Wang Wenjie , Yan Rusha , Wang Qian , An Jingyu , Tian Junjie , Hu Qingyao , Lou Shengrong , Pöschl Ulrich , Cheng Yafang , Su Hang
Published: March 2022

With improving PM2.5 air quality, the tropospheric ozone (O3) has become the top issue of China’s air pollution control. Here, we combine comprehensive observational data analysis with models to unveil the contributions of different processes and precursors to the change of O3 during COVID-19 lockdown in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), one of the most urbanized megacity regions of eastern China. Despite a 44 to 47% reduction in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions, maximum daily 8-h average (MDA8) ozone concentrations increase from 28 ppbv in pre-lockdown to 43 ppbv in lockdown period. We reproduce this transition with the WRF-Chem model, which shows that ~80% of the increase in MDA8 is due to meteorological factors (seasonal variation and radiation), and ~20% is due to emission reduction. We find that daytime photochemistry does not lead to an increase but rather a decrease of daytime O3 production during the lockdown. However, the reduced O3 production is overwhelmed by the weakened nitric oxide (NO) titration resulting in a net increase of O3 concentration. Although the emission reduction increases O3 concentration, it leads to a decrease in the Ox (O3 + NO2) concentration, suggesting reduced atmospheric oxidation capacity on a regional scale. The dominant effect of NO titration demonstrates the importance of prioritizing VOCs reduction, especially from solvent usage and the petrochemical industry with high emission ratios of VOCs/NOx.
Reactive nitrogen restructures and weakens microbial controls of soil N2O emissions
Authors: Jones Christopher M. , Putz Martina , Tiemann Maren , Hallin Sara
Published: March 2022

The global surplus of reactive nitrogen (Nr) in agricultural soils is accelerating nitrous oxide (N2O) emission rates, and may also strongly influence the microbial controls of this greenhouse gas resulting in positive feedbacks that further exacerbate N2O emissions. Yet, the link between legacy effects of Nr on microbial communities and altered regulation of N2O emissions is unclear. By examining soils with legacies of Nr-addition from 14 field experiments with different edaphic backgrounds, we show that increased potential N2O production is associated with specific phylogenetic shifts in communities of frequently occurring soil microbes. Inputs of Nr increased the complexity of microbial co-association networks, and altered the relative importance of biotic and abiotic predictors of potential N2O emissions. Our results provide a link between the microbial legacy of Nr addition and increased N2O emissions by demonstrating that biological controls of N2O emissions were more important in unfertilized soils and that these controls are weakened by increasing resource levels in soil.
A localized view on molecular dissociation via electron-ion partial covariance
Authors: Allum Felix , Music Valerija , Inhester Ludger , Boll Rebecca , Erk Benjamin , Schmidt Philipp , Baumann Thomas M. , Brenner Günter , Burt Michael , Demekhin Philipp V. , Dörner Simon , Ehresmann Arno , Galler Andreas , Grychtol Patrik , Heathcote David , Kargin Denis , Larsson Mats , Lee Jason W. L. , Li Zheng , Manschwetus Bastian , Marder Lutz , Mason Robert , Meyer Michael , Otto Huda , Passow Christopher , Pietschnig Rudolf , Ramm Daniel , Schubert Kaja , Schwob Lucas , Thomas Richard D. , Vallance Claire , Vidanović Igor , von Korff Schmising Clemens , Wagner René , Walter Peter , Zhaunerchyk Vitali , Rolles Daniel , Bari Sadia , Brouard Mark , Ilchen Markus
Published: March 2022

Inner-shell photoelectron spectroscopy provides an element-specific probe of molecular structure, as core-electron binding energies are sensitive to the chemical environment. Short-wavelength femtosecond light sources, such as Free-Electron Lasers (FELs), even enable time-resolved site-specific investigations of molecular photochemistry. Here, we study the ultraviolet photodissociation of the prototypical chiral molecule 1-iodo-2-methylbutane, probed by extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) pulses from the Free-electron LASer in Hamburg (FLASH) through the ultrafast evolution of the iodine 4d binding energy. Methodologically, we employ electron-ion partial covariance imaging as a technique to isolate otherwise elusive features in a two-dimensional photoelectron spectrum arising from different photofragmentation pathways. The experimental and theoretical results for the time-resolved electron spectra of the 4d3/2 and 4d5/2 atomic and molecular levels that are disentangled by this method provide a key step towards studying structural and chemical changes from a specific spectator site.
Insight into charge transportation in cadmium based semiconducting organic–inorganic hybrid materials and their application in the fabrication of photosensitive Schottky devices
Authors: Roy Sourav , Dey Arka , Gomila Rosa M. , Ortega-Castro Joaquin , Frontera Antonio , Ray Partha Pratim , Chattopadhyay Shouvik
Published: March 2022

The optoelectronic properties of two cadmium based complexes have been examined both experimentally and theoretically. The energy associated with non-covalent interactions observed in the solid state of both complexes has been calculated.
Introduction to bioinspired surfaces engineering for biomaterials
Authors: Vancso G. Julius , Ji Jian , Ishihara Kazuhiko , Martins M. Cristina L. , Jiang Shaoyi
Published: March 2022

G. Julius Vancso, Jian Ji, Kazuhiko Ishihara, M. Cristina L. Martins and Shaoyi Jiang introduce the Journal of Materials Chemistry B themed collection on bioinspired surfaces engineering for biomaterials.
Sequencing our seas
Authors: Scott-Somme Kesella , Harley Joanna , Adkins Patrick
Published: March 2022

The Darwin Tree of Life (DToL) project has been established to collect all eukaryote species in Britain and Ireland for genomic sequencing. New tech developments have enabled high-quality genomic data to be a feasible outcome for some of Earth’s smallest inhabitants. This project will create a new resource of data open to all, which will contain the blueprint of thousands of organisms, holding the key to the evolutionary histories of understudied single-cell protists alongside more well-understood animals like the grey seal. This ambitious project is a collaboration of experts from different geographic and intellectual areas. It will provide the templates for new ways of working and uncover new scientific ground. In a world struggling under the threat of ecological collapse, this project will provide new bio-tech and engineering information to aid our understanding and management of natural ecosystems and the creatures which create them. The Marine Biological Association UK, based in Plymouth, is currently in the process of collecting marine organisms for the project. The marine environment has not been as well studied as terrestrial environments, and this offers a huge opportunity to expand our understanding of this underexplored realm and the creatures that live there, as well as providing context and detail to marine science which will provide new insights to marine research.
Feature extraction of partial discharge in low‐temperature composite insulation based on VMD‐MSE‐IF
Authors: Chen Xi , Shao Xiao , Pan Xin , Luo Gaochao , Bi Maoqiang , Jiang Tianyan , Wei Kang
Published: March 2022

Low‐temperature composite insulation is commonly applied in high‐temperature superconducting apparatus while partial discharge (PD) is found to be an important indicator to reveal insulation statues. In order to extract feature parameters of PD signals more effectively, a method combined variational mode decomposition with multi‐scale entropy and image feature is proposed. Based on the simulated test platform, original and noisy signals of three typical PD defects were obtained and decomposed. Accordingly, relative moments and grayscale co‐occurrence matrix were employed for feature extraction by K‐modal component diagram. Afterwards, new PD feature vectors were obtained by dimension reduction. Finally, effectiveness of different feature extraction methods was evaluated by pattern recognition based on support vector machine and K‐nearest neighbour. Result shows that the proposed feature extraction method has a higher recognition rate by comparison and is robust in processing noisy signals.
Growth of a filament channel by intermittent small-scale magnetic reconnection
Authors: Li H. T. , Cheng X. , Guo J. H. , Yan X. L. , Wang L. F. , Zhong Z. , Li C. , Ding M. D.
Published: March 2022

Context. A filament channel (FC), a plasma volume where the magnetic field is primarily aligned with the polarity inversion line, is believed to be the pre-eruptive configuration of coronal mass ejections. Nevertheless, evidence for how the FC is formed is still elusive.

Aims. In this paper, we present a detailed study of the build-up of a FC in order to understand its formation mechanism.

Methods. The New Vacuum Solar Telescope (NVST) of the Yunnan Observatory and the Optical and Near-infrared Solar Eruption Tracer (ONSET) of Nanjing University, as well as the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) and Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), are used to study the growth process of the FC. Furthermore, we reconstruct the nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) of the active region using the regularized Biot-Savart laws (RBSL) and the magnetofrictional method to reveal the three-dimensional (3D) magnetic field properties of the FC.

Results. We find that partial filament materials are quickly transferred to longer magnetic field lines formed by small-scale magnetic reconnection, as evidenced by dot-like Hα and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) brightenings and subsequent bidirectional outflow jets, as well as untwisting motions. The Hα and EUV bursts appear repeatedly at the same location and are closely associated with flux cancelation, which occurs between two small-scale opposite polarities and is driven by shearing and converging motions. The 3D NLFFF model reveals that the reconnection takes place in a hyperbolic flux tube that is located above the flux-cancelation site and below the FC.

Conclusions. The FC is gradually built up toward a twisted flux rope via a series of small-scale reconnection events that occur intermittently prior to the eruption.
OLED application of π-conjugated phenylimino carboxylic acid organic semiconductor material
Authors: Can Mustafa , Havare Ali Kemal
Published: March 2022

The organic semiconductor materials which form Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) on Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) surface have been synthesized and used in Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) applications. The synthesized molecules are bonded chemically to the hydrophilic and rough ITO surface and formed a new hydrophobic and smother surface of ITO by the effect of SAM formation. The synthesized SAM molecule is 4″, 4″″-[biphenyl-4,4″-diylbis(phenylimino)]dibiphenyl-4-carboxylic acid (MZ-187) that contains carboxylic acid head group to bond to ITO surface. The formation on ITO surface is analyzed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Two configurations, ITO/SAM(MZ-187)/HTL/EML/LiF/Al (MZ187-OLED) and ITO/HTL/EML/LiF/Al (bare-OLED), are fabricated to investigate the effect of SAM layer on the performance of the OLED device. Current–voltage (I–V) characterization of OLED devices are carried out and the luminescence of the devices are measured by integrating sphere under nitrogen gas in a glow box system. The quantum efficiency is calculated to determine how to affects the SAM layers on OLEDs performance. As a consequence, it is determined that the OLED device containing MZ-187 SAM layer, a similar structure with N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-diphenylbenzidine (TPD), is exhibited a better OLED performance compare to the device without SAM layer.
Zur Übersterblichkeit in Deutschland in den Jahren 2020 und 2021
Authors: Baum Klaus
Published: March 2022

Mit dem Ende des Jahres 2020 entbrannte in Deutschland eine Diskussion darüber, inwieweit das vergangene Jahr durch Übersterblichkeit gekennzeichnet ist. Die gegenteiligen Positionen entstanden in erster Linie durch die Art und Weise der Datenverarbeitung. Um systematische Trends der letzten 2 Jahrzehnte zu bereinigen, wurden in der vorliegenden Arbeit die jährlichen Sterbezahlen für Deutschland als Differenz zu denjenigen des Jahres 2000 berechnet und aufgrund der Nichtlinearität eine polynominale Anpassung 2. Ordnung, jeweils für die Gesamtbevölkerung sowie separat für die Gruppen der unter und ab 80-Jährigen durchgeführt. Es ergaben sich für die Anpassungen hohe Bestimmtheitsmaße mit R2 = 0,965 bzw. R2 = 0,982 und R2 = 0,991. Die Residuen der einzelnen Jahre wurden als Unter- bzw. Übersterblichkeit interpretiert. Für die Gesamtbevölkerung ergaben sich Übersterblichkeiten für die Jahre 2020 und 2021 mit 11 500 bzw. 10 468 Toten, die in der Summe vollständig mit den Übersterblichkeiten der ab 80jährigen, abgedeckt ist. Bei der Altersgruppe unter 80 Jahren resultierte in den beiden Jahren keine Übersterblichkeit. Für alle Altersgruppen war die Übersterblichkeit im analysierten Zeitraum im Jahr 2003 prominent.
Seltene Ursache für ein postrenales Nierenversagen
Authors: Metzen Maike , Kowar Michael , Solleder Gerold , Wilhelm Kai , Jacobs Andreas H.
Published: March 2022

Anamnese und klinischer Befund Der folgende Case Report berichtet über die Aufnahme eines Patienten mit einem akut auf chronischen Nierenversagen unter BCG-(Bacillus-Calmette-Guérin)-Erhaltungstherapie bei bekanntem Blasenkarzinom mit sonografisch dargestelltem Harnstau II.–III. Grades ohne Restharn. Die zystoskopisch nachweisbare beidseitige intramurale Engstelle kann im Rahmen der BCG-Therapie gedeutet werden.

Therapie und Verlauf Es folgte die Anlage einer Doppel-J-Schiene, worunter sich die Nierenretentions-Parameter schnell besserten.

Folgerung Ein postrenales Nierenversagen ist mit 5 % eher selten, wobei in der differenzialdiagnostischen Überlegung neben anderen Ursachen auch eine medikamentös-induzierte Ursache (z. B. BCG) einzubeziehen ist.
New boron-based coumarin fluorophores for bioimaging applications
Authors: Marfavi Anita , Yeo Jia Hao , Leslie Kathryn G. , New Elizabeth J. , Rendina Louis M.
Published: March 2022

The synthesis and characterisation of five new boron-based coumarin fluorophores are reported, with key structural variations involving the linker at the C3-position (hydrazone or imine) of the 7-(diethylamino)-coumarin (7DEAC) core and the terminal boron moiety (i.e. boronic acid or closo-1,2-carborane). All the coumarin derivatives were found to display significant bathochromic shifts relative to the parent 7DEAC, with conjugate ICCb displaying the greatest overall shift. Confocal microscopy studies with A549 lung cancer cells showed clear differences in the observed intra-cellular distributions of the fluorophores. The polar boronic acid species (HCoBA, HCmBA and HCpBA) were found to localise in the endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast, the lipophilic closo-1,2-carborane derivatives (HCCb and ICCb) were found to localise within lipid droplets (LDs), showcasing the future potential for these probes to be utilised as stains for LD observations by means of confocal microscopy.
Compost and biochar impact on immobilisation of pesticide residues in alkaline soils under canola (
Authors: Mahmoud E. , Amine H. , Khalafallah N. , EL-Sharkawy M.
Published: March 2022

Context The application of soil amendments to immobilise pesticide residues is a promising technology for meeting human health requirements, environmental protection and cost-effective remediation. Aims This study aims to evaluate the effect of rice straw biochar (RB), rice straw compost (RC) and their mixtures at rates of 0.5% and 1.0% in pots, on the immobilisation of pesticides (such as atrazine, glyphosate and chlorpyrifos) in contaminated soil, using spectroscopy analysis under grown canola (Brassica napus L.) plants. Methods Determination of immobilisation of pesticide residues by GC or HPLC and chemical properties of RB and RC and adding them at differentrates to the contaminated soil. Keyresults The results showed that the addition of RB or RC alone or their mixtures led to a significant increase in the exchangeable Ca2+ contents, organic matter (OM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), uptake of N, P and K and dry weight of canola plants. Pesticide concentrations decreased with increasing OM, CEC, and exchangeable Ca2+ with the soil amended by RC and RB. The data indicated that adding RB at levels of 0.5% and 1.0% resulted in reductions in chloropyrifos by 43.2% and 63.1%, glyphosate by 32.8% and 77.3%, and atrazine by 21.9% and 72.2%, respectively, as compared to the control. Addition of (RC + RB) at 0.5% gave the highest pesticide immobilisation, followed (RC+RB) at 1.0%. Conclusion These results indicate that the dominant mechanisms of pesticides immobilisation in the alkaline soils amended with RC and RB by FTIR and XRD analysis were π–π interaction, pore filling, hydrophobic effect, H-bonding, degradation as well as improvement of soil properties and dry yield of canola plants. Implications Our results suggested the possibility of adding recycled rice straw in the form of compost or biochar to the contaminated soil to improve its properties, immobilise pesticides and increase its production capacity.
Protection of bacteriophage-sensitive
Escherichia coli
by lysogens
Authors: Brown Stanley , Mitarai Namiko , Sneppen Kim
Published: March 2022

Significance

Some viruses that infect bacteria, temperate bacteriophages, can confer immunity to infection by the same virus. Here we report
λ
-immune bacteria could protect
λ
-sensitive bacteria from killing by phage
λ
in mixed culture. The protection depended on the extent to which the immune bacteria were able to adsorb the phage. Reconciling modeling with experiment led to identifying a decline in protection as bacteria stopped growing. Adsorption of
λ
was compromised by inhibition of bacterial energy metabolism, explaining the loss of protection as bacterial growth ceased.
What influences influence?
Authors: Fischer Kerstin , Ham Jaap
Published: March 2022

This special issue addresses how aspects of the communicative situation influence how influential persuasive
utterances (or other strategies of influence) are in their contexts of use. Specifically, we study the effects of interactional,
speaker-, addressee- and channel-related factors and of the interpersonal relationship between speaker and hearer, as well as the
effects of referring to the shared context itself. The papers combined in this special issue provide evidence for the considerable
impact of the here and now of the interactional context on the persuasiveness of strategies of influence and contribute to our
understanding of mechanisms of persuasion.
Persuasion in science communication
Authors: Hanauska Monika , Leßmöllmann Annette
Published: March 2022

Science communication has gained high importance in the current knowledge and risk society. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of qualitative studies on how non-experts and experts engage in opinionated scientific debates and which linguistic devices they use to gain influence on other people’s attitudes toward a scientific issue.

In our study, we examine dialogical modes of science communication (i.e. weblogs) used by bloggers and audiences to engage into opinionated discourse about scientific endeavors. As those exchanges easily lead to controversies between different points of views, stances and attitudes, we focus from a rhetorically-driven linguistic perspective on devices to persuade the other participants and readers and to control the discourse. Hence, we ask which linguistic instruments are used to gain influence on influence. The aim of our study is to get deeper insights into the persuasive strategies mainly used in those forms of external science communication.
Influencing robot influence
Authors: Ham Jaap
Published: March 2022

In the near future, robots will function in social roles and attempt to influence the user’s behavior and / or thinking. The current contribution analyses how to influence robot influence: Persuasive robots can be personalized to make them more effective. We present an overview of (1) the user characteristics to which persuasive robots can be personalized, (2) considering the specific current situation of a user; and (3) the robot characteristics that can be personalized. Thereby, we give an overview of how the persuasive robot’s physical appearance, behavior, (perceived) cognition and affect can be influenced to characteristics of the user (personalized) in order to make the robot more persuasive and thereby to understand better how the persuasive power of an embodied artificial social entity can be influenced.
Honorifics in the marketplace
Authors: Lee Jiyoon , Brown Lucien
Published: March 2022

This paper analyzes how vendors and customers in Korean marketplaces use three distinct levels of addressee honorifics: the deferential‑supnitastyle, the polite ‑yostyle and the so-calledpanmal‘half speech’ style. The frequencies of these forms to some extent pattern with the relative ages of the participants; for example, vendors are more likely to usepanmaltowards customers who are relatively younger. However, the majority of interactions feature dynamic variation between different styles, which cannot be adequately explained by relative age. Rather, we see that participants use‑supnitastyle and ‑yoto index that they are speaking in their prescribed roles as “vendors” or “customers”. Meanwhile,panmalwas found to index two main forms of social meaning. It was used to mark stages of the interaction that were conversational, playful, or intimate, but also when speakers strategically indexed their authority or power as they tried to take the upper hand in price negotiations. This authoritative use ofpanmalwas accompanied by non-verbal behaviors such as large body postures, high chin positions and the withholding of gaze and bodily orientation. The paper contributes towards a growing body of research adopting an indexical approach to the use of honorifics, and demonstrates the importance of including analysis of multimodal features alongside the honorific forms themselves.
Traversable wormhole on the brane with non-exotic matter: a broader view
Authors: Sengupta Rikpratik , Ghosh Shounak , Kalam Mehedi , Ray Saibal
Published: March 2022

In this article, the possibility of construction of a traversable wormhole on the Randall–Sundrum braneworld with non-exotic matter employing the Kuchowicz potential has been studied. We have obtained the solution for the shape function of the wormhole and studied its properties along with validity of null energy condition. The junction conditions at the surface of the wormhole are used to evaluate the model parameters. We also evaluate the surface density and surface pressure for the wormhole. We study the geometrical nature of the wormhole and consider the radial and tangential tidal constraints on a traveller trying to traverse the wormhole. Besides, a linearized stability analysis is performed to obtain the region of stability for the wormhole. Our analysis, besides giving an estimate for the bulk equation of state (EoS) parameter, imposes restrictions on the brane tension, which is a very essential parameter in braneworld physics, and very interestingly the restrictions imposed by our physically plausible and traversable wormhole model are in conformity with those imposed by other braneworld geometries which are not associated with a wormhole solution. Besides, it is important to study such constraints imposed by geometrical objects such as wormholes on any gravity theory operating at high-energy scales like braneworld, as wormholes are believed to have been formed from massive compact objects of high energy densities. Also, we go on to justify that the possible detection of a wormhole may well indicate that we live on a three-brane universe.
Micromachined threshold inertial switches: a review
Authors: Xu Qiu , Younis Mohammad I
Published: March 2022

This paper presents a review of the recent advances on micromachined inertial switches/triggers. The review focuses on their advantages and disadvantages, sensitive directions, mechanisms of contact-enhancement, threshold accuracy, and the tunability of the acceleration threshold. Several applications of these sensors are highlighted including in healthcare, structural health monitoring, internet of things, and military. Recent contemporary research directions are also discussed, such as multi-directions/axis, multi-threshold sensors, and machine learning implementation. The article concludes with discussion on future development trends and performance improvements of inertial switches.
Multifunctional phononic crystal filter for generating a nonlinear ultrasonic guided wave
Authors: Sun Chaoyu , Song Ailing , Xiang Yanxun , Xuan Fu-Zhen
Published: March 2022

Nonlinear guided waves have proven to be extremely sensitive to microscopic and mesoscopic damage in materials in recent years. However, many factors in measurement will bring non-damage-related interference signals into the nonlinear guided waves signal, which greatly restricts the detection accuracy in structural health monitor systems. In this paper, we propose a phononic crystal filter to purify the ultrasonic signal by filtering away both the needless mode of the primary wave and the second harmonic wave generated in the exciting stage. This method can guarantee the second harmonic signal is only generated by the S0 mode primary wave propagating in the inspection area. The design principle, theoretical analysis, and numerical simulations of the proposed filter are introduced, and the results demonstrate that our proposed filter can be applied in low-frequency S0 mode Lamb wave nonlinear harmonic wave testing. The research results promote the development of high-accuracy nonlinear damage location, imaging algorithm, and industrial applications.
Polymer curing assisted formation of optically visible sub-micron blisters of multilayer graphene for local strain engineering
Authors: Pandey Mukesh , Kumar Rakesh
Published: March 2022

The local or global straining techniques are used to modulate the electronic, vibrational and optical properties of the two-dimensional (2D) materials. However, manipulating the physical properties of a 2D material under a local strain is comparatively more challenging. In this work, we demonstrate an easy and efficient polymer curing assisted technique for the formation of optically visible multilayer graphene (MLG) blisters of different shapes and sizes. The detailed spectroscopic and morphological analyses have been employed for exploring the dynamics of the confined matter inside the sub-micron blisters, which confirms that the confined matter inside the blister is liquid (water). From further analyses, we find the nonlinear elastic plate model as an acceptable model under certain limits for the mechanical analyses of the MLG blisters over the (poly)vinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer film to estimate the MLG-substrate interfacial adhesion energy and confinement pressure inside the blisters. The findings open new pathways for exploiting the technique for the formation of sub-micron blisters of the 2D materials for local strain-engineering applications, as well as the temperature-controlled release of the confined matter.
Overview of the MODARIA programme (and comments on implications for future programmes of work)
*
Authors: Brown J , Telleria D , Yankovich T , Cabianca T , Halsall C
Published: March 2022

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has organised programmes on the development, comparison and testing of environmental assessment models and approaches for estimating the radiation exposure of humans and wildlife since the 1980s. The latest of these programmes was called MODARIA (Modelling and Data for Radiological Impact Assessment) and was run in two phases from 2012 to 2015 (MODARIA I) and 2016 to 2019 (MODARIA II). Both phases of the MODARIA programme had the overall objective to improve capabilities in the field of environmental transfer of radionuclides and public and non-human biota exposures assessment, by means of acquisition of improved data for model testing and comparison, reaching consensus on modelling philosophies, approaches and parameter values and building an international forum for the exchange of information. This paper provides an overview of the work undertaken during both phases of the MODARIA programme and its outputs. The overall aims and objectives of a new programme to follow on from MODARIA are described.
Measurement of the electron energy distribution functions in low density RF plasmas through a tunable external RF filter
Authors: Jeon Sang-Bum , Park Ji-Hwan , Chung Chin-Wook
Published: March 2022

The electron energy distribution function (EEDF) measurement in radio frequency (RF) plasmas is of fundamental interests, especially in low-density RF capacitively coupled plasma. For this purpose, a new external filter with very high impedances is developed. The impedance of the filter at the fundamental and its harmonic frequencies (13.56, 27.12 and 40.68 MHz) through careful circuit design is maximized. Experimental verifications are performed by measuring the EEDFs in RF discharges. The result shows that the RF distortion in the EEDF measurement is significantly reduced by tuning the filter under various discharge conditions in an inductively coupled plasma. Accurate plasma densities can be obtained and the electron heating mode transition is observed through high-quality EEDF measurement in an capacitively coupled plasma, where RF plasma potential fluctuates severely.
A multiscale wavelet algorithm for atom tracking in STM movies
Authors: Messer P K , Henß A-K , Lamb D C , Wintterlin J
Published: March 2022

High-speed scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) data have become available that provide movies of time-dependent surface processes. To track adsorbed atoms and molecules in such data automatic routines are required. We introduce a multiresolution wavelet particle detection algorithm for this purpose. To identify the particles, the images are decomposed by means of a discrete wavelet transform into wavelet planes of different resolutions. An ‘à trous’ low-pass filter is applied. The coefficients from the wavelet planes are filtered to remove noise. Wavelet planes with significant coefficients from the particles are multiplied, and the product is transformed into a binary particle mask. The precision of the method is tested with data sets of adsorbed CO molecules and O atoms on a Ru(0001) surface. The algorithm can safely detect and localize these particles with high precision, even in the presence of the enhanced noise characteristic for high-speed, constant-height STM data. By linking the particle positions, we obtain extended trajectories with a resolution of ∼0.5 Å or better allowing us to investigate the detailed motion of single atoms on a surface.
Enhancing the photodetection property of CdSe thin films via thermal evaporation technique: role of substrate temperature
Authors: Sathish Kumar S , Valanarasu S , Gunavathy K V , Vinoth S , Haunsbhavi Kumar , Alagarasan Devarajan , Deva Arun Kumar K , Ubaidullah Mohd , F. Shaikh Shoyebmohamad , Pandit Bidhan
Published: March 2022

The current work investigates the influence of the substrate temperature on the photodetection capability of cadmium selenide (CdSe) thin films deposited through economically viable thermal evaporation technique on glass substrates. The substrate temperature varied from room temperature (30 °C to 250 °C). The existence of a single-phase of hexagonal structured CdSe was established from XRD patterns with dominant peaks along the (002) plane in all the samples. The SEM micrographs show the homogeneous surface of the films without any pinholes. The bandgap of the films was found to vary with the variation in the substrate temperature and the sample fabricated at 200 °C substrate temperature showed a bandgap of 2.00 eV. The light-dependent electrical analysis is also made to reveal the photodetection capability of the deposited CdSe films. The 200°C deposited CdSe film exhibits a higher responsivity of 8.07 × 10−2 A W−1 and a maximum detectivity of 6.66 × 109 Jones. The external quantum efficiency (EQE) was found to rise with the substrate temperature and a maximum value of 18.8% for the 200 °C deposited sample. The observed rise and decay times show a rapid response when the incident light intensity is changed from 1 to 5 mW cm−2.
Predictions of the alpha-decay half-lives of even–even superheavy nuclei using modified Gamow-like model
Authors: Azeez O K , Yahya W A , Saeed A A
Published: March 2022

α-decay half-lives of superheavy nuclei have been studied using modified Gamow-like model and improved empirical formulas. The empirical formulas used in the study are Viola-Seaborg semi-empirical formula, universal decay law (UDL), Denisov-Khudenko formula (DK), Royer formula, Wang formula, AKRE formula, and new Ren B (NRB) formula. New values of the adjustable parameters in the modified Gamow-like model have been obtained using a least square fit scheme and input data from the NUBASE2020 database. We found that only two adjustable parameters are sufficient to describe the α-decay half-lives of heavy and superheavy nuclei. We also obtained new coefficients for the seven empirical formulas using similar procedure. The modified Gamow-like model (MGLM) and improved empirical formulas are then used to calculate the α-decay half-lives of measured superheavy nuclei with Z = 100–118. The calculated root mean square errors indicate that the Royer, DK, and AKRE formulas are the best three empirical formulas for evaluating the α-decay half-lives of the superheavy nuclei. The five best performing empirical formulas, together with the MGLM, are then used to predict alpha-decay half-lives of unmeasured even–even superheavy nuclei with Z = 120–126. The Q

α
values used for the predictions have been taken from the tabulated Weizs

a

̈

cker-Skyrme-4 + RBF (WS4 + RBF) Q

α
values. The theoretical calculations suggest that N = 184 is a possible magic number, which is in agreement with previous theoretical calculations.
Rogue waves of the sixth-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation on a periodic background
Authors: Shi Wei , Zhaqilao
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we construct the rogue wave solutions of the sixth-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation on a background of Jacobian elliptic functions dn and cn by means of the nonlinearization of a spectral problem and Darboux transformation approach. The solutions we find present the dynamic phenomena of higher-order nonlinear wave equations.
Friedberg-Lee neutrino model with μ–τ reflection symmetry
Authors: Bao Hui-Chao , Zhao Xin-Yu , Zhao Zhen-hua
Published: March 2022

In this letter, we make an attempt to embed the μ–τ reflection symmetry (which predicts maximal atmospherical mixing angle and Dirac CP phase) in the Friedberg-Lee neutrino model (which employs a translational flavor symmetry and keeps one neutrino mass vanishing) and study the consequences of such a combination.