bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment with irbesatan may improve slit diaphragm alterations in rats with adriamycin-induced nephropathy
Authors: Wang Na , Wei Ri-bao , Li Ping , Li Qing-ping , Yang Xi , Yang Yue , Huang Meng-jie , Wang Rui , Yin Zhong , Lv Yang , Chen Xiang-mei
Published: May 2016

Objective:

The study aimed to evaluate the effects of oral administration of irbesartan in adriamycin-induced nephropathy considering laboratory changes, kidney histology, and expression of proteins related to slit diaphragm and cytoskeleton of the podocyte.

Methods:

The animals were divided into control, model, methylprednisolone (MP), and irbesartan groups. The 24-hour urinary protein and biochemical indicators were determined, and renal pathological changes were observed. The mRNA and protein expression of nephrin, podocin, CD2-associated protein (CD2AP), and desmin in the kidney tissue were analyzed.

Results:

The urinary protein excretion levels in the MP and irbesartan groups were lower than those in the model group ( p<0.01). Electron microscopy showed that fusion of the glomerular foot processes of the rats in the irbesartan group was significantly reduced. The mRNA and protein expression levels of nephrin and podocin in the renal tissue in the MP and irbesartan groups were up-regulated compared with the model group ( p<0.05), whereas the mRNA and protein expression levels of CD2AP and desmin were significantly down-regulated ( p<0.01).

Conclusions:

For rats with adriamycin-induced nephropathy, irbesartan could significantly reduce proteinuria. As a possible mechanism, irbesartan may improve the slit diaphragm protein of the glomerular podocyte and stabilize the cytoskeleton of the podocyte.
Experimental observations of an installed-on-pylon contra-rotating open rotor with equal blade number in pusher and tractor configuration
Authors: Eret Petr , Kennedy John , Amoroso Francesco , Castellini Paolo , Bennett Gareth J
Published: May 2016

Noise from contra-rotating open rotors is a major obstacle to the adoption of this fuel efficient technology as a viable aircraft propulsion system. A better understanding of both contra-rotating open rotor noise generation and reduction has been achieved due to ongoing extensive research. One of the most recent research activities is the WENEMOR (wind tunnel tests for the evaluation of the installation effects of Noise EMissions of an open rotor advanced regional aircraft) project, which has been developed in response to the requirements described in the Clean Sky-Integrated Technology Demonstrators under the heading of Green Regional Aircraft. The project investigates the airframe installation effects of a [Formula: see text] scale model of a regional aircraft equipped with two contra-rotating open rotors of the same rotor diameter, the same rotational speed and equal blade number. For this case, the blade passing frequency of rotor-alone tones and the frequency of relevant interaction tones cannot be distinguished due to the equal blade count of the two rotors. This study presents the tone directivity plots up to 4 × blade passing frequency of the isolated WENEMOR single pylon contra-rotating open rotor engine in both pusher and tractor configurations at various angles of incidence and flow velocities. A linear array of 13 microphones is deployed for the far field sound measurements. The tone directivity trends show the efficient on-axis acoustic radiation at all blade passing frequency tones with the contra-rotating open rotor tone at 2 × blade passing frequency dominating in the vast majority of the tests. The main objective is to compare the acoustic emission of pusher and tractor configurations tested under the same flow velocities and angles of incidence. The results suggest that the pusher configuration of the isolated contra-rotating open rotor tends to be slightly louder than the tractor at 2 × blade passing frequency. However, it is shown that the acoustic performance of the isolated contra-rotating open rotor is complicated and sensitive to any change in the flow velocity and the angle of incidence. The increasing flow velocity and the increasing angle of incidence show limited consistency in proportional trends in the directivity plots of sound pressure levels. It is anticipated that the findings will be different for a more realistic case of installed-on-model contra-rotating open rotor.
The visible hand and the crowd: Analyzing organization design in distributed innovation systems
Authors: Kornberger Martin
Published: May 2016

The effectiveness and creativity of Linux, Wikipedia, and a plethora of other distributed innovation systems have attracted the attention of scholars, practitioners, and policy makers. The hallmark of these distributed innovation systems is that value creation transcends the boundaries of hierarchically organized firms. To date, only relatively few studies have focused on the organization design of distributed innovation systems. This conceptual article addresses this lacuna by asking, how does organization design structure relationships in distributed innovation systems, including interactions between the “visible hand” of the manager and the “crowd” of distributed innovation? The purpose of this article is to shift the unit of analysis of organization design from the individual firm to networks of actors providing a framework to study how design organizes distributed innovation systems. In order to do so, three design mechanisms (interface design, the design of participatory architectures, and the design of evaluative infrastructures) are proposed through which firms and other network actors organize their encounter in “the open” and through which they manage communication, coordination of tasks, and control in distributed innovation systems.
Complementary Role of Fenestrated/Branched Endografting and the Chimney Technique in the Treatment of Pararenal Aneurysms After Open Abdominal Aortic Repair
Authors: Reyes Andrés , Donas Konstantinos P. , Pitoulias Georgios , Austermann Martin , Gandarias Claudio , Torsello Giovanni
Published: May 2016

Purpose: To evaluate the totally endovascular techniques for treating complex pararenal aortic aneurysms after open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Methods: This retrospective study involved 34 men (mean age 74 years) with pararenal aortic aneurysms (22 pseudoaneurysms and 12 para-anastomotic aneurysms) that developed a median 11 years (range 4–22) after the primary surgical reconstruction. The median infrarenal neck length was 2 mm (range 0–9). Total endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) included the use of fenestrated (f-EVAR; n=17), branched (b-EVAR; n=11), combined f-EVAR/b-EVAR (n=1), and chimney (ch-EVAR; n=4) grafts and the “sandwich” technique (n=1). The primary outcome was aneurysm shrinkage >5 mm at latest follow-up. Secondary outcomes were target vessel patency, 30-day mortality, late survival, absence of type I and III endoleak, clinical success, and reintervention rate. Results: Technical success was 97% (n=33/34), while clinical success was achieved in 32 (94%) patients. The 30-day mortality was 3% (n=1/34). Mean follow-up was 23.2±16.6 months. One patient was lost to follow-up, and 1 patient underwent late open conversion for endograft infection. Six (18%) of the 33 surviving patients required a reintervention. Primary patency of the target aortic branches was 98% (109/111). Mean aneurysm diameter decreased from 64.1±10.2 to 56.7±16.9 mm (p<0.001) at latest follow-up. Midterm mortality was 12.1% (4/33). Estimated survival rates at 1 and 2 years were 93.9% and 90.9, respectively. Conclusion: Use of f-EVAR, b-EVAR, and ch-EVAR allows effective treatment of postsurgical pararenal aneurysms based on a clear algorithm and patient selection, highlighting the complementary character of these less invasive approaches.
Spontaneous Intrahepatic Portal Venous Shunt
Authors: Sheth Nakul , Sabbah Nathanael , Contractor Sohail
Published: May 2016

Spontaneous intrahepatic portal venous shunts are rare with only few case reports published. Treatments using various endovascular techniques have been described, although no single technique has been shown to be preferred. We present a patient who was referred for treatment of a spontaneous portal venous shunt and describe our treatment approach and present a review on previously reported cases.
Development of Emotional Face Processing in Premature and Full-Term Infants
Authors: Carbajal-Valenzuela Cintli Carolina , Santiago-Rodríguez Efraín , Quirarte Gina L , Harmony Thalía
Published: May 2016

The rate of premature births has increased in the past 2 decades. Ten percent of premature birth survivors develop motor impairment, but almost half exhibit later sensorial, cognitive, and emotional disabilities attributed to white matter injury and decreased volume of neuronal structures. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that premature and full-term infants differ in their development of emotional face processing. A comparative longitudinal study was conducted in premature and full-term infants at 4 and 8 months of age. The absolute power of the electroencephalogram was analyzed in both groups during 5 conditions of an emotional face processing task: positive, negative, neutral faces, non-face, and rest. Differences between the conditions of the task at 4 months were limited to rest versus non-rest comparisons in both groups. Eight-month-old term infants had increases ( P ≤ .05) in absolute power in the left occipital region at the frequency of 10.1 Hz and in the right occipital region at 3.5, 12.8, and 16.0 Hz when shown a positive face in comparison with a neutral face. They also showed increases in absolute power in the left occipital region at 1.9 Hz and in the right occipital region at 2.3 and 3.5 Hz with positive compared to non-face stimuli. In contrast, positive, negative, and neutral faces elicited the same responses in premature infants. In conclusion, our study provides electrophysiological evidence that emotional face processing develops differently in premature than in full-term infants, suggesting that premature birth alters mechanisms of brain development, such as the myelination process, and consequently affects complex cognitive functions.
Optimized use of cooling holes to decrease the amount of thermal damage on a plastic gear tooth
Authors: Koffi Demagna , Bravo Alencar , Toubal Lotfi , Erchiqui Fouad
Published: May 2016

The full potential of plastic gear usage is limited by not only poor mechanical properties but also equally poor temperature limits and poor heat conduction properties. Cooling holes were developed to decrease the amount of thermal damage on the contact surface. These cooling holes promote increased stress and tooth deflection, thus exerting a negative effect. This article compares various cooling holes for plastic gear configurations and proposes novel cooling holes. Thermal and mechanical simulations that consider specific aspects of plastic gear meshing were performed. The main objective of this article was to verify the best methods for reducing thermal damage through cooling holes. The results indicate the best compromise between the temperature reduction and the mechanical properties of the new tooth geometry. The results also indicate that the simple variations in the cooling holes proposed can improve tooth performance.
Analysis of suspension with variable stiffness and variable damping force for automotive applications
Authors: Jugulkar Lalitkumar Maikulal , Singh Shankar , Sawant Suresh Maruti
Published: May 2016

Passive shock absorbers are designed for standard load condition. These give better vibration isolation performance only for the standard load condition. However, if the sprung mass is lesser than the standard mass, comfort and road holding ability is affected. It is demonstrated that sprung mass acceleration increases by 50%, when the vehicle mass varies by 100 kg. In order to obtain consistent damping performance from the shock absorber, it is essential to vary its stiffness and damping properties. In this article, a variable stiffness system is presented, which comprises of two helical springs and a variable fluid damper. Fluid damper intensity is changed in four discrete levels to achieve variable stiffness of the prototype. Numerical simulations have been performed with MATLAB Simscape and Simulink which have been with experimentation on a prototype. Furthermore, the numerical model of the prototype is used in design of real size shock absorber with variable stiffness and damping. Numerical simulation results on the real size model indicate that the peak acceleration will improve by 15% in comparison to the conventional passive solution, without significant deterioration of road holding ability. Arrangement of sensors and actuators for incorporating the system in a vehicle suspension has also been discussed.
Electrographic Correlates of Plateau Waves in Patients With Leptomeningeal Metastases
Authors: Gold C. A. , Odom N. , Srinivasan S. , Schaff L. , Haggiagi A. , Odia Yazmín
Published: May 2016

We describe video electroencephalography (video-EEG) correlates of transient neurological attacks due to plateau waves—paroxysmal elevations in intracranial pressure—in patients with leptomeningeal metastases. We identified 3 patients with leptomeningeal metastases, intracranial hypertension, and transient neurological attacks captured on video-EEG without evidence of seizures or epileptiform activity. We identified all clinical events on video and reviewed the corresponding EEG data for evidence of abnormalities. All 3 patients had mild to moderate slowing and 2 had frontal intermittent rhythmic delta activity during background EEG recording. There were 33 clinical events recorded and stereotyped for each patient. All 33 events were associated with an increase in delta range slowing of ≥30% compared to the background. This abnormality started ≤2 minutes before the onset of clinical symptoms and persisted for minutes after clinical resolution. This study is the first to carefully describe the electrographic correlates of transient neurological attacks due to plateau waves in patients with leptomeningeal metastasis. Clinical attacks were consistently associated with a possible EEG signature of diffuse delta range slowing. Future studies can validate the sensitivity and specificity of these EEG changes as a prognostic and/or response biomarker in patients with leptomeningeal metastases with or without intracranial hypertension.
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) Diagnosis Codes Can Identify Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in Hospitalized Adults
Authors: Liberman Ava L. , Kamel Hooman , Mullen Michael T. , Messé Steven R.
Published: May 2016

Background:

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a relatively rare and understudied disease. We sought to determine the accuracy of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision ( ICD-9) diagnosis codes to identify CVT.

Methods:

Retrospective chart review using the electronic medical record (EMR) to identify all patients discharged with CVT following admission or emergency department visit from May 1, 2010 to May 1, 2015 at our center.

Results:

We identified 111 patients with an ICD-9 discharge diagnosis code of 325.0 (cerebral sinovenous thrombosis, excluding nonpyogenic cases and cases associated with pregnancy and the puerperium), 437.6 (CVT of nonpyogenic origin), or 671.5 (CVT complicating pregnancy, childbirth, or the puerperium) in any position. Of these 111 patients, 84 (75.7%) had confirmed CVT after EMR review. Searching outpatient and radiology records, we found an additional 24 patients with CVT who were not identified via query of ICD-9 discharge diagnosis codes. The ICD-9 codes 325.0, 437.6, or 671.5 in any position had a combined sensitivity of 77.8% and specificity of 92.7%; in the primary position, they had a sensitivity of 28.7% and specificity of 98.3%.

Conclusion:

The ICD-9 codes 325.0, 437.6, and 671.5 can be used to identify CVT with acceptable sensitivity and specificity.
Concurrent Validation of the Banff Patella Instability Instrument to the Norwich Patellar Instability Score and the Kujala Score in Patients With Patellofemoral Instability
Authors: Hiemstra Laurie A. , Kerslake Sarah , Lafave Mark , Mohtadi Nicholas G.
Published: May 2016

Background:

The Banff Patella Instability Instrument (BPII) is a disease-specific, patient-reported, quality-of-life outcome measure designed to assess patients with patellofemoral instability. The iterative assessment of the validity, reliability, and responsiveness of a health-related patient-reported outcome measure is vital to the development of a high-quality evaluation tool.

Purpose:

To assess the concurrent validity of the BPII to the Norwich Patellar Instability (NPI) score and the Kujala score.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

A total of 74 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of recurrent patellofemoral instability completed the BPII, NPI, and Kujala scores at the initial orthopaedic consultation. A Pearson r correlation coefficient was computed to determine the relationship between each of these patient-reported outcomes.

Results:

There were statistically significant correlations between the BPII and the NPI score ( r = −0.53; P < .001) as well as the BPII and the Kujala score ( r = 0.50; P < .001).

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated a moderately strong correlation of the BPII to other outcome measures used to evaluate patients with patellofemoral instability. This study adds further validity to the BPII in accordance with the COSMIN (COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments) guidelines.
Periperformative Life Narrative
Authors: Poletti Anna
Published: May 2016

This essay reconsiders the importance of performativity to scholarship on life writing by exploring the potential of Eve Sedgwick's concept of the periper-formative utterance for reading queer life narratives. Taking the documentary Tarnation (2003) as an example, I argue that a range of life narrative practices can be understood as periperformative: texts that both narrate an individual life and critically interrogate the textual conditions under which lives are narrated. I suggest that a key element of periperformative life narrative is a critique of the importance of using a unique voice that speaks from and about the lived experience of the subject. The essay identifies the use of ventriloquism and collage as important characteristics for undertaking this critique.
How to Restore Equitable and Sustainable Economic Growth in the United States
Authors: Stiglitz Joseph E.
Published: May 2016

Today's weakness in the US economy results from lack of aggregate demand, due to high and growing inequality, underinvestment in public infrastructure and technology that is complementary to private capital, continuing mild austerity, difficulties encountered in making the structural transformation from manufacturing to a service-based economy, and a financial sector failing to provide adequate funds to SMEs. An agenda to restore growth includes a carbon price, inducing climate investments; increased public investments in infrastructure and technology; fighting inequality through redistribution and rewriting the rules structuring the economy; and reforming the financial sector and the global reserve system.
The Power of Eye Tracking in Economics Experiments
Authors: Lahey Joanna N. , Oxley Douglas
Published: May 2016

Eye tracking is a technology that tracks eye activity including how long and where a participant is looking. As eye tracking technology has improved and become more affordable its use has expanded. We discuss how to design, implement, and analyze an experiment using this technology to study economic theory. Using our experience fielding an experiment to study hiring decisions we guide the reader through how to choose an eye tracker, concerns with participants and set-up, types of outputs, limitations of eye tracking, data management and data analysis. We conclude with suggestions for combining eye tracking with other measurements.
The Macroprudential Role of International Reserves
Authors: Jeanne Olivier
Published: May 2016

There has been a lot of interest since the global financial crisis in policies allowing emerging market economies to smooth the effects of the global financial cycle. Although the literature has focused mostly on capital controls emerging market governments have relied mostly on international reserves management. This paper discusses the role of reserves in capital flow management based on a simple welfare-based model of capital flows with international banking frictions.
Revenue and Incentive Effects of Basis Step-Up at Death: Lessons from the 2010 “Voluntary” Estate Tax Regime
Authors: Gordon Robert , Joulfaian David , Poterba James
Published: May 2016

In 2010, the U.S. estate tax expired and executors of wealthy decedents were not required to file estate tax returns. In the absence of the estate tax, beneficiaries received assets with carryover rather than stepped-up basis. Unrealized capital gains accounted for 44 percent of the fair market value of non-cash assets in estates that chose the carryover basis regime, and an even higher percentage for some asset categories. Many of the largest gains were on assets that had been held for at least two decades.
Identity-Based Organizations
Authors: Carvalho Jean-Paul
Published: May 2016

A single club model describes the collective production of both personal and social identity. Personal identity, how one perceives oneself, is formed through a process of cultural transmission. Social identity, how one is perceived by others, takes the form of collective reputation. Our model of identity-based organizations incorporates into the economics of identity insights from the economics of religion and cultural transmission. The identities that develop tend to be oppositional. Organizations devoted to more extreme identities are able to support higher levels of participation and collective action.
The Role of Startups in Structural Transformation
Authors: Dent Robert C. , Karahan Fatih , Pugsley Benjamin , Şahin Ayşegül
Published: May 2016

The U.S. economy has been going through a striking structural transformation--the secular reallocation of employment across sectors--over the past several decades. We propose a decomposition framework to assess the contributions of various margins of firm dynamics to this shift. Using firm-level data, we find that at least 50 percent of the adjustment has been taking place along the entry margin, due to sectors receiving different shares of startup employment than their employment shares. The rest is mostly due to life cycle differences across sectors. Declining overall entry has a small but growing effect of dampening structural transformation.
Toward an International Migration Regime
Authors: Sachs Jeffrey D.
Published: May 2016

Few if any issues in public policy are as muddled and contentious as international migration. There is no international regime that establishes standards and principles for national migration policies other than in the case of refugees (migrants escaping persecution). My aim here is to describe some economic and ethical principles that may underpin an international migration regime.
Appliance Ownership and Aspirations among Electric Grid and Home Solar Households in Rural Kenya
Authors: Lee Kenneth , Miguel Edward , Wolfram Catherine
Published: May 2016

In Sub-Saharan Africa, there are active debates about whether increases in energy access should be driven by investments in electric grid infrastructure or small-scale “home solar” systems (e.g., solar lanterns and solar home systems). We summarize the results of a household electrical appliance survey and describe how households in rural Kenya differ in terms of appliance ownership and aspirations. Our data suggest that home solar is not a substitute for grid power. Furthermore, the environmental advantages of home solar are likely to be relatively small in countries like Kenya, where grid power is primarily derived from non-fossil fuel sources.
Option Awareness: The Psychology of What We Consider
Authors: Shah Anuj K. , Ludwig Jens
Published: May 2016

The standard economic view suggests that people will commit an action if its expected benefits outweigh its costs. But before people weigh the costs and benefits of an action, what affects whether they think of the action in the first place? We argue that actions are more likely to enter into consideration when they are cognitively accessible. We describe three psychological parameters that influence accessibility: automatic assumptions, identity, and perceptions of privacy. These parameters make it possible to identify new interventions for behavior change.
Ethnic Attrition and the Observed Health of Later-Generation Mexican Americans
Authors: Antman Francisca , Duncan Brian , Trejo Stephen J.
Published: May 2016

Numerous studies find that U.S.-born Hispanics differ significantly from non-Hispanic whites on important measures of human capital, including health. Nevertheless, almost all studies rely on subjective measures of ethnic self-identification to identify immigrants' U.S.-born descendants. This can lead to bias due to “ethnic attrition,” which occurs whenever a U.S.-born descendant of a Hispanic immigrant fails to self-identify as Hispanic. This paper shows that Mexican American ethnic attritors are generally more likely to display health outcomes closer to those of non-Hispanic whites. This biases conventional estimates of Mexican American health away from suggesting patterns of assimilation and convergence with non-Hispanic whites.
Has the Increased Attachment of Women to the Labor Market Changed a Family's Ability to Smooth Income Shocks?
Authors: Gorbachev Olga
Published: May 2016

An increase in a married woman's attachment to the labor market affected her family's ability to smooth unexpected income shocks. Between 1970 and 1990, the sharp rise in labor market attachment provided an increasingly important channel for smoothing shocks to spousal income. As the participation rate stabilized, this contribution to smoothing evened out. In the Great Recession, both spouses received negative income shocks, and access to transfer income became the main insurance mechanism. Volatility of consumption followed volatility of family income trends but at a lower magnitude. Families' ability to weather income shocks didn't change during the 1970-2010 period.
Birth Timing and Neonatal Health
Authors: Borra Cristina , González Libertad , Sevilla Almudena
Published: May 2016

We take advantage of a new natural experiment to evaluate the health effects of scheduling birth early for non-medical reasons on infant health. In 2010, the cancellation of a generous child benefit in Spain led may families to schedule birth early in order to remain eligible for the subsidy. We document that the affected cohort of children did not suffer any increase in birth complications or medical conditions right at birth, but were significantly more likely to be admitted to hospital during their second and third weeks of life, suggesting potentially persistent negative health effects.
STEM Training and Early Career Outcomes of Female and Male Graduate Students: Evidence from UMETRICS Data Linked to the 2010 Census
Authors: Buffington Catherine , Cerf Benjamin , Jones Christina , Weinberg Bruce A.
Published: May 2016

Women are underrepresented in science and engineering, with the underrepresentation increasing in career stage. We analyze gender differences at critical junctures in the STEM pathway--graduate training and the early career--using UMETRICS administrative data matched to the 2010 Census and W-2s. We find strong gender separation in teams, although the effects of this are ambiguous. While no clear disadvantages exist in training environments, women earn 10% less than men once we include a wide range of controls, most notably field of study. This gap disappears once we control for women's marital status and presence of children.
Is postoperative tympanic membrane temperature measurement effective?
Authors: Salota Vishal , Slovakova Zuzana , Panes Candilaria , Nundlall Anitha , Goonasekera Chulananda
Published: May 2016

Background:

Tympanic membrane temperature is often used as a reliable indicator of core temperature. In practice, temperature measurement in one ear is considered adequate for clinical decision-making in the postoperative phase. If one ear tympanic membrane temperature is found to be abnormal, the other side is checked and the higher reading is used. The authors tested the scientific validity of this practice.

Methods:

Both ear temperatures were measured within a few seconds of each other among a convenient sample of patients in the postoperative recovery unit. Measurements were alternated between the left and right ear in consecutive patients to avoid bias.

Results:

A total of 300 patients were recruited (136 male, 45.3%) with a median age of 47.2 years (range 10.6–94.4 years). The mean temperature in the left ear was 36.53°C (SD 0.63) and in the right 36.57°C (SD 0.62). The temperature difference between the two ears was not significant and did not correlate with body weight (p=0.2), age (p=0.09) or duration of surgery (p=0.3). In addition, 16.9% of patients were hypothermic (<36.0°C) on arrival in the recovery room and were significantly older than the non-hypothermic group (p=0.03).

Discussion:

The temperature difference between the two ears post-surgery was less than 0.5°C among 90% of subjects and was not statistically significant. Therefore, routine temperature measurement in one ear seems clinically acceptable practice.
Nurses can improve the strength and resilience of healthcare systems
Authors: Shamian Judith
Published: May 2016

Judith Shamian explains why nurses are ideally placed to join the global push for healthier lives and greater wellbeing, and why the ‘nursing voice’ must be developed, promoted and, above all, heard around the world
Clinical leadership part 2: leadership styles
Authors: Fowler John
Published: May 2016

John Fowler, independent education consultant, introduces his new series on the role that clinically based nurses can have in leadership, and on the overlapping areas of leadership and management
Nodular melanoma in trophic ulceration of a leprosy patient: a case study
Authors: Zhu J. , Shi C. , Jing Z. , Liu Y.
Published: May 2016

Non-healing chronic trophic ulceration is very common in leprosy patients. Marjolin's ulcer consists of the malignant transformation of a chronic ulcerative lesion. Nodular melanoma developing from Marjolin's ulcer, caused by a trophic ulceration of a leprosy patient, is very rare with only a few cases reported in the literature. Due to the disguised presentation of these malignancies within trophic ulceration lesions in leprosy, neoplastic transformation is frequently overlooked, leading to misdiagnosed and delayed treatment. This paper reports a case of an 83-year-old man with lepromatous leprosy and chronic ulceration on the foot for 22 years. Over a period of 2 months, the ulcer enlarged, turned black, and became more painful. The patient underwent regional excision and immunotherapy after the diagnosis of malignant nodular melanoma. After 9 months follow-up, no metastasis was found.

Declaration of interest:

There were no external sources of funding for this study. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Equine Review
Authors: Parker Russell
Published: May 2016

Introduction:

This edition of Equine Review considers the use of prosthetic mesh for nephrosplenic entrapment, odontoclastic tooth resorption and hyperplasia, and evaluation of a permanent synthetic osteochondral implant in the medial femoral condyle.
Charge Carrier Mobility Analysis of Chlorophyll Thin Film Spirulina sp Produced by Spin Coating
Authors: Mustain Muhamad , Sulistyana Defi , U Utari , Purnama Budi
Published: May 2016

Analysis of carrier charge mobility of Spirulina sp thin films produced by spin coating have
been conducted. Measurement of carrier charge mobility has been done by I-V method.
Mobility of carrier charge decreased with an increased of the layer number. It indicates that a
threshold value of carrier charge of population number over flow on conduction band.
Pattern Spread of Aquifer using Sounding Resistivity Method with Schlumberger Configuration in Dayu Gondangrejo Karanganyar
Authors: Ashari Bugar , D Darsono , D Darmanto
Published: May 2016

The research on ground water survey by using geo-electric method Schlumberger was conducted at Dayu Village, Gondangrejo, Karanganyar. Geo-electric is one of the geo-physics method which learned about electrical current in or on the earth surface. The equipment used includes resistivitymeter, GPS (Global Position System), roll meter, hammer, electrodes, and cables. The
purpose of this research is to determine the spread pattern of the aquifer, groundwater potential, the thickness and depth of the aquifer at Dayu Village. The thickness of the shallow aquifer in the area of Dayu is between 3 m to 12 m with a depth of less than 30 m, while the deep aquifer is having a depth of more than 30 m with thickness between 68.5 m up to more than 165.7m.There
is a degradation of aquifer pattern from Jambu Village (West) to Mulyorejo Village (East).Inversely, we found an increase from Tanjung Lor Village (North) to Watudakon Village(south). Shallow aquifer that potentially contain much groundwater sources located in the village of Tanjung Kidul, Mulyorejo, Jambu, Kedung Ulo and Tanjung Lor. For deep aquiferispotentially found at Pucung village and Kedung Ulo village.
Measurement of Attenuation Coefficients of Near Surface Material Using SASW Method
Authors: S Suharsono
Published: May 2016

The spectral analysis of surface waves (SASW) is an in situ non-destructive method. It has been developed and used for many years in the fields of geotechnical engineering and site characterization. It is typically used in evaluation of elastic moduli and layer thickness of soils, rocks and pavements.
In this study the SASW was used to measure an attenuation coefficient (α) of near surface material at 15 development sites with different material e.i. soils, granite and methamorphics rock.. The attenuation coefficient which is the exponential decay constant of the amplitude of surface wave
propagation was approximated by Bornitz equation. The amplitude of vertical ground surface vibration generated by impact tests on the ground surface was measured at various radial distances.
A good empirical correlation between the measured attenuation coefficients and the corresponding shear modulus and SPT or RQD data were established. These results suggest that the attenuation coefficient could be used as an alternative parameter for characterization of near surface material. Based on this method, the subsurface material at sites the study can be classified into two groups.
The first group represented a low stiffness material with attenuation values of greater than 0.00516 s/m and the second group was a high stiffness material with attenuation values of less than 0.00150 s/m.
However, this method of evaluation was still in development stage and needs to be substantiated with more results of measurements.
A REVISÃO DE ARTIGOS CIENTÍFICOS NA ÁREA DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO: CONSIDERAÇÕES COM BASE NA HERMENÊUTICA FILOSÓFICA
Authors: Dantas Douglas Cabral , Patrus Roberto
Published: May 2016

A avaliação de artigos científicos, embora esteja no coração de toda a ciência, é um processo que está sujeito a imprecisões. O objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir para o aprimoramento dessa tarefa, por meio do referencial teórico da Hermenêutica Filosófica. A pesquisa analisou duas revistas da área de Administração, uma brasileira e outra colombiana, tendo como objetos de análise (i) os formulários de avaliação de artigos das revistas e (ii) pareceres de avaliadores acerca de uma amostra de artigos. A técnica de coleta de dados utilizada foi a pesquisa documental e como procedimento metodológico, a Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados da pesquisa revelaram duas revistas com concepções e políticas de avaliação distintas. Dentre as conclusões, destacam-se (i) que a maior contribuição do revisor se dá no âmbito das recomendações que ele faz ao artigo, (ii) que não há possibilidade de convergência entre revisores de um mesmo artigo, (iii) que a identificação da relevância do artigo depende da formação em sentido amplo do revisor, e (iv) que programas de treinamento de revisores garantem apenas convergência no que diz respeito à avaliação formal do artigo. Acredita-se que com a adoção de uma Postura Hermenêutica, procedimento identificado e assumido durante a pesquisa, a tarefa do avaliador pode ganhar em competência.
Pertumbuhan rumput laut Kappaphycus alvarezii hasil kultur jaringan pada jarak tanam yang berbeda
Authors: Ria Sapitri Ayuningsih , Cokrowati Nunik , . Rusman
Published: May 2016

Abstract. The purpose of this study is to determine the best planting space on the growth of regenerated tissue culture Kappaphycusalvarezii. The completely randomized design (CRD) was utilized in this study, thre treatment was four different planting spaces; P1: 15cm, P2: 20 cm, P3: 25 cm, and P4: 30 cm with initial weight of 100g/hill. Every treatment has four replicates (four rafts). The data were subjected to one way of analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% of error levels and followed by Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. The Anova test showed that planting space gave a significant affect on weight gain and growth rate where the best planting space was 25 cm with weight gain and growth rate of 331.4 g and 4.87% perday, respectively. Keywords: K.alvarezii;space; tissue culture regenerated;growth;photosynthesis Abstrak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan jarak tanam optimum untuk pertumbuhan rumput laut Kappaphycus alvarezii hasil kultur jaringan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan menggunakan bibit hasil kultur jaringan dengan jarak tanam yang berbeda yakni P1: jarak tanam 15cm , P2: jarak tanam 20 cm, P3: jarak tanam 25 cm, dan P4: jarak tanam 30 cm dengan berat awal 100 g/rumpun, masing-masing perlakuan dengan empat kali ulangan pada 4 rakit. Data penelitian yang diperoleh, ditabulasi menggunakan Microsoft excel dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis sidik ragam (ANOVA) pada taraf kesalahan 5%, kemudian dilakukan uji lanjut dengan uji Least Significant Difference (LSD). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa jarak tanam berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan rumput laut (P0,05), dimana jarak tanam terbaik adalah 25 cm dengan pertambahan bobot 331,4 g dan laju pertumbuhan 4,87% per hari.Kata Kunci: K. alvarezii; Jarak tanam; kultur jaringan; pertumbuhan; fotosintesis
Elías Díaz: bibliografía (1961-1994)
Authors: Cuadernos de Filosofía del Derecho Doxa
Published: May 2016

Elías Díaz: bibliografía (1961-1994).
Carta abierta. Una libertad menos y una vergüenza más
Authors: Cuadernos de Filosofía del Derecho Doxa
Published: May 2016

Carta abierta. Una libertad menos y una vergüenza más.
El asunto del «fundamento» para los derechos humanos: ¡pseudoproblema! (o bien, cuestión de unas elucidaciones cuasiteológicas)
Authors: Haba Enrique P.
Published: May 2016

El autor se propone demostrar que la pregunta por el fundamento de los derechos humanos no es una cuestión relevante, ni en el aspecto práctico ni en el teorético. Para ello, recorre los planos del ejercicio, el estrictamente teórico y el metafísico, donde éste se presenta. En el primero, advierte que la cuestión no suele plantearse, por lo que las discusiones sobre el fundamento de los derechos humanos no tienen relevancia práctica. En el segundo, la pregunta por tales fundamentos, sea porque encubre cuestiones empíricas propias de las ciencias sociales o porque señala estructuras del pensamiento, no se presenta como necesaria o habitual. Y, en el plano metafísico, la pregunta supondría reconocer dichos fundamentos como postulados de fe, propios de pensamientos teológicos.
Del derecho al poder: el camino central de la obra de Norberto Bobbio
Authors: Ruiz Miguel Alfonso
Published: May 2016

En este artículo, el autor propone como hilo conductor de la vasta obra de N. Bobbio a la filosofía del Derecho y a la filosofía política, dos caminos centrales que pueden ser vistos también como un único camino. Se exponen los rasgos de este hilo conductor en dos pasos sucesivos: primero, describiendo las estrechas relaciones que según Bobbio mantienen la filosofía jurídica y la filosofía política en su propuesta metodológica sobre la estructura temática de una y otra materia; y, segundo, sintetizando los rasgos de su aportación teórica a propósito de los contenidos nucleares de ambas materias: el Derecho y el poder. Entre uno y otro paso se hace una sucinta comparación de las concepciones de Bobbio con algunas teorías contemporáneas y se concluye con algunas reflexiones en torno a la tensión de su realismo "iluminista" o ilustrado.
Norberto Bobbio: Estado de Derecho y democracia
Authors: Bellamy Richard
Published: May 2016

Un tema central del pensamiento de Bobbio fue la interconexión entre derecho y política. Él consideraba el derecho corno un artefacto humano, institucional. A mi entender, este reconocimiento del carácter artificial del derecho explica en gran parte la fascinación que Hobbes le inspiró durante toda su vida. Ahora bien, Bobbio no llegó a afrontar las plenas consecuencias del desafío hobbesiano. Siempre cedió a las tentaciones de una inclinación naturalista o kantiana a otorgar primacía sobre la política a un derecho preexistente. Pero si el desafío de Hobbes es sólido, éste no puede ser el caso. El desafío sólo lo podemos vencer si consideramos el derecho como el resultado de algún tipo de política democrática. En cuyo caso, las reglas del juego democrático deben ser consideradas corno intrínsecas a una sociedad y a una praxis democrática más que corno normas legales o constitucionales preexistentes.
Bobbio y el Holocausto. Un capítulo de su reflexion sobre los derechos humanos: el texto "Quindici anni dopo" y sus desdoblamientos
Authors: Lafer Celso
Published: May 2016

El autor trata de rescatar la importancia de uno de los textos menos conocidos y de más difícil acceso de Norberto Bobbio: "Quindici anni dopo", texto que contiene el discurso que Bobbio pronunció en la sinagoga de Turín el 10 de enero de 1960, como muestra de solidaridad con la comunidad judía. En "Quindici anni dopo" Bobbio aborda "el problema del mal" o "el horror y la perplejidad ante la descartabilidad del ser humano engendrada por el racismo del totalitarismo nazi". El Holocausto, el mayor crimen conocido, plantea al pensamiento del filósofo italiano varias interrogantes: la ausencia de referentes para contrastar el genocidio organizado, cuyo único fin a diferencia de la guerra, por ejemplo- es el exterminio; la dificultad de explicar el genocidio con las categorías tradicionales del pensamiento, debido a su gratuidad, a la imposibilidad de clasificarlo entre los motivos humanos corrientes y a no ser el producto de un estado de excepción; y la naturaleza del prejuicio y el racismo.
Una breve réplica
Authors: Laudan Larry
Published: May 2016

Se trata de una réplica del autor a las observaciones de Michele Tarufffo, Marina Gascón y Juan Igartua Salaverría al artículo "Por qué un estándar de prueba subjetivo no es un estándar", de Larry Laudan. En su opinión, los tres comentarios tienen en común cierto optimismo acerca de que los problemas del estándar de prueba de la duda razonable o de la íntima convicción se podrían solucionar, al menos en parte, si los veredictos acerca de los hechos dependieran de jueces profesionales, instruidos en Derecho y en los patrones de inferencia judicial, y no dejurados, y éstos estuvieran realmente obligados a justificar sus decisiones. En opinión del autor, sin embargo, el problema es que el propio estándar de prueba de la duda razonable o de la íntima convicción es profundamente vago e incomprensible, sea para un juez profesional o para un juez lego, por lo que no tiene sentido obligar a justificar una decisión tomada a partir de un estándar cuyo significado no está claro.
El concepto de Derecho y el argumento de la relevancia práctica
Authors: Cabra Apalategui José Manuel
Published: May 2016

Este artículo analiza la corrección de algunos argumentos que han sido utilizados para apoyar o criticar un cierto concepto de Derecho. Su principal tesis es la siguiente: ni existe una conexión analítica, y por tanto necesaria, entre Derecho y moral, ni hay razones relacionadas con consecuencias prácticas para preferir, desde un punto de vista normativo, un concepto positivista de Derecho a uno no positivista, o viceversa. Respecto a la primera parte de la tesis (la conexión necesaria), se discuten argumentos como el de la pretensión de corrección de nuestros actos de habla normativos o la pretensión de legitimidad de la regla de reconocimiento. La segunda parte de la tesis (el punto de vista normativo) se basa en el argumento de que tanto positivistas como no positivistas se equivocan cuando los primeros sostienen que un concepto de Derecho no positivista favorece una legitimidad no crítica de los ordenamientos jurídicos, y también cuando, por el contrario, el concepto de Derecho no positivista se fundamenta en la idea de su mayor efectividad para evitar injusticias en los ordenamientos jurídicos.
El abuso del derecho, del poder y del rule of law
Authors: Palombella Gianluigi
Published: May 2016

Frente a aquellos fenómenos que en nombre de los derechos encubren violaciones a intereses ajenos, el autor italiano propone sustituir la estrategia a la Dworkin que subraya la inviolabilidad e inderogabilidad moral de los derechos sustantivos por un recurso más efectivo para su protección: acudir a las categorías de abuso del Derecho, del poder y del rule of law para desvelar los excesos y mantener las finalidades lícitas para las que fueron concebidos los derechos en cuestión. Después de pasar revista a las corrientes teóricas contemporáneas que atienden a la distinción entre reglas y principios en el Derecho (ALEXY, ATIENZA y RUIZ MANERO, DWORKIN, RAZ), PALOMBELLA sustenta con dos casos de la Corte Suprema estadounidense la veracidad de sus afirmaciones.
El sueño de la codificación y el despertar del derecho
Authors: Suárez Llanos María Leonor
Published: May 2016

Una parte importante de este trabajo centra su interés en mostrar, desde una perspectiva iusfilosófica, los problemas y obstrucciones de los que adolece la codificación en las sociedades y órdenes sociales postindustriales y postmodernos contemporáneos. En este sentido, el interés del análisis se centra en la “crisis” de la codificación que aquejaría a los Estados legicéntricos. Una crisis vinculada al impacto de la alianza Estado-sociedad y la conformación de un nuevo modelo neoconstitucional del Estado social de Derecho. En este marco, la codificación ya vería frustrada su fundamental función práctica de reducir la complejidad social. El siguiente paso nos conduce al objeto fundamental de interés de este trabajo, mostrar en qué sentido un nuevo modelo de codificación es posible. En este sentido, propondré un modelo de neocodificación centrado en un concepto del Derecho comprehensivo, plural y dinámico orientado a una neocodificación abierta y “a Derecho constante”.
Theodor Viehweg: ¿un constitucionalista adelantado a su tiempo?
Authors: Roesler Claudia Rosane
Published: May 2016

El artículo explora una intuición de VIEHWEG poco conocida o discutida en la filosofía del Derecho: la idea de la teoría básica como un conjunto de ideas, creencias y valores que dan contenido a la dogmática jurídica y que explican el contenido de las normas jurídicas en un determinado momento histórico y las relaciona con las concepciones abiertas de las constituciones regulativas. Más específicamente, se procura analizar hasta qué punto la forma como VIEHWEG concibe la teoría básica puede comprenderse mejor si utilizamos las nociones de acuerdos incompletamente teorizados y de conceptos esencialmente controvertidos. Este análisis, por último, nos permitirá cuestionar si VIEHWEG puede ser presentado como anticipándose al constitucionalismo europeo.