bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Strain on the Lattice Thermal Conductivity in SrTiO3 from First‐Principles Calculations
Authors: Jiang Zhiwei , Zhou Jian
Published: September 2022

Thermal transport plays an important role in the performance of various microelectronic and energy‐conversion devices. In a recent experiment, Sarantopoulos et al. find that the thermal conductivities of epitaxial thin films can be significantly reduced by about 60% under in‐plane tensile strain and they speculate that the strain‐induced ferroelectric domains greatly increase phonon scattering, thereby reducing the thermal conductivity [Physical Review Materials 4, 054 002 (2020)]. Here, theoretical studies on the lattice thermal conductivities of strained and unstrained by first‐principles calculations and self‐consistent phonon theory are carried out. It is found that whether is under compressive or tensile strain, the in‐plane and out‐of‐plane thermal conductivities of strained are all smaller than that of the unstrained one. However, the decrease of thermal conductivities does not exceed 20% under a ±1.5% in‐plane strain, which is not consistent with the experiment. This work shows that strain engineering is not an effective method to tune the intrinsic thermal conductivity of . However, the thermal conductivity of can still be greatly tuned by some other means, such as ferroelectric domains.
The Dissociation of Gallium–Hydrogen Pairs in Crystalline Silicon during Illuminated Annealing
Authors: Simon Jochen , Herguth Axel , Kutschera Leah , Hahn Giso
Published: September 2022

Hydrogen‐rich crystalline Si samples are produced by coating Ga‐doped Czochralski‐grown silicon wafers with SiNx:H and subsequent rapid thermal anneal. This procedure introduces H2 dimers into the bulk, which enables the formation of gallium–hydrogen pairs (GaH). The change in pair concentration can be determined by change in resistivity, as pair formation consumes holes. During illumination at elevated temperature (180 °C), some of the previously formed GaH pairs dissociate into H and/or H2 within hours. A subsequent anneal step forms the pairs again. If illumination is prolonged to days at 180 °C, a second dissociation phase occurs after which GaH pairs do not form again in the dark. Therefore, probably two processes are ongoing: a reversible (fast) one and an irreversible (slow) dissociation of GaH pairs in crystalline silicon. The fraction of dissociated pairs and rate of dissociation depend on temperature and excess charge carrier concentration. This suggests an electron‐driven, thermally activated back reaction into either H dimers or atomic hydrogen. An Arrhenius analysis reveals a possibly injection‐dependent activation energy of the reversible dissociation process in the range of 0.64–0.71 eV. Lifetime measurements reveal a drastic increase in effective defect density during the second decrease in pair concentration.
Case studies in bias reduction and inference for electronic health record data with selection bias and phenotype misclassification
Authors: Beesley Lauren J. , Mukherjee Bhramar
Published: September 2022

Electronic health records (EHR) are not designed for population‐based research, but they provide easy and quick access to longitudinal health information for a large number of individuals. Many statistical methods have been proposed to account for selection bias, missing data, phenotyping errors, or other problems that arise in EHR data analysis. However, addressing multiple sources of bias simultaneously is challenging. We developed a methodological framework (R package, SAMBA) for jointly handling both selection bias and phenotype misclassification in the EHR setting that leverages external data sources. These methods assume factors related to selection and misclassification are fully observed, but these factors may be poorly understood and partially observed in practice. As a follow‐up to the methodological work, we demonstrate how to apply these methods for two real‐world case studies, and we evaluate their performance. In both examples, we use individual patient‐level data collected through the University of Michigan Health System and various external population‐based data sources. In case study (a), we explore the impact of these methods on estimated associations between gender and cancer diagnosis. In case study (b), we compare corrected associations between previously identified genetic loci and age‐related macular degeneration with gold standard external summary estimates. These case studies illustrate how to utilize diverse auxiliary information to achieve less biased inference in EHR‐based research.
Synthesis of One‐Dimensional Mo2C‐Embedded Carbon Nanofibers with Enhanced Lithium Storage Capacity for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ragupathi Jeevani , Annal Therese Helen
Published: September 2022

MXenes are in the limelight nowadays due to their fascinating structure and outstanding physical and chemical properties. Mo2C, a part of MXenes, has a unique structure where the carbon present in the interstitial voids between the layers of the molybdenum (Mo) atom is very sensitive to even a small addition of electrons. Herein, we have pursued the synthesis of one‐dimensional Mo2C‐embedded carbon nanofibers (Mo2C@CNF) as a potential anode material for lithium‐ion batteries. The Mo2C@CNF is synthesized by simple electrospinning (E‐Spin) technique followed by iodization and thermal treatment at 1000 °C under Argon. The iodization process plays a major role in the formation of Mo2C@CNF, which creates a stronger backbone and high yield of carbon content during the carbonization process. The presence of highly disordered carbon in Mo2C@CNF was demonstrated by FESEM, XRD, RAMAN, and HRTEM studies. The electrochemical performance studies of Mo2C@CNF, carried out using 2032 type coin cell configuration, show an enhanced specific capacity of 1492 mAh g−1 at 0.15 C‐rate during the first discharge. These high‐capacity values obtained due to the synergistic interaction between the embedded Mo2C and carbon nanofibers open up a new avenue to high performance carbide based anodes for energy storage applications.
Fabrication of Water‐Soluble Polythiophene/Poly (sulfonic acid diphenyl aniline)/Polyethylene Oxide Electrospun Nanofibers and Their Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Huner Keziban
Published: September 2022

The fabrication and antioxidant properties of polythiophene/poly(sulfonic acid diphenyl aniline)/polyethylene oxide electrospun nanofibers obtained in this study were brought to the literature for the first time. For this, polythiophene/poly(sulfonic acid diphenyl aniline)/polyethylene oxide (PTh/PSDA/PEO) nanofibers containing 5, 10, 20 and 40 % PTH/PSDA composite by weight were produced by electrospinning method. According to both CUPRAC and ABTS assays, these electrospun nanofibers were found to have antioxidant activity. According to both CUPRAC and ABTS assays, the highest antioxidant activity was obtained from PTh/PSDA/PEO4 electrospun nanofiber containing 40 % PTH/PSDA with values of 244 and 111 μg TE/mg, respectively. This nanofiber was found to be non‐toxic according to the MTT assay and its thermal stability was not much different from that of the PEO nanofiber. PTh/PSDA/PEO electrospun nanofibers were biocompatible, water‐soluble nanofibers that were candidates for use in many biological applications with further characterization. These electrospun nanofibers were characterized by FT‐IR, UV‐Vis.,1H NMR, XRD and TGA. Surface morphologies were investigated by SEM.
Single Atom Catalysts with Out‐of‐Plane Coordination Structure on Conjugated Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Chi Kai , Wu Yangjiang , Wang Xuejun , Zhang Qingsong , Gao Wenqiang , Yang Longfei , Chen Xin , Chang Dongdong , Zhang Yu , Shen Tao , Lu Xuefeng , Zhao Yan , Liu Yunqi
Published: September 2022

Adjusting the local coordination environment of single‐atom electrocatalysts is a viable way to improve catalytic performance. The diversity of coordination geometric structures is limited to the traditional in‐plane configuration, with only a little consideration paid to out‐of‐plane configurations due to the lack of suitable carriers and fabrication methods. This study reports out‐of‐plane coordination of Co‐based single‐atom catalysts mediated by the conjugated bipyridine‐rich covalent organic framework (COF). The bipyridine nitrogen on the COF layer backbone of these catalysts serves as the linker center for cobalt sites anchoring, while the complementary moieties are coordinated at the other side of the Co metal and reside beyond the COF backbone plane, thus yielding out‐of‐plane coordination. The electrochemical experiments and density functional theory calculations reveal that catalysts with multiple out‐of‐plane coordinations exhibit different electrocatalytic oxygen evolution activities and catalytic pathways. The out‐of‐plane coordination enabled by COFs provides a strategy for designing single‐atom electrocatalysts, expanding the application of COFs in the field of electrocatalysis.
Amphiphilicity‐Controlled Polychromatic Emissive Supramolecular Self‐Assemblies for Highly Sensitive and Efficient Artificial Light‐Harvesting Systems
Authors: Chen Xu‐Man , Cao Ke‐Wei , Bisoyi Hari Krishna , Zhang Shu , Qian Nina , Guo Lingxiang , Guo Dong‐Sheng , Yang Hong , Li Quan
Published: September 2022

Dynamic sequential control of photoluminescence by supramolecular approaches has become a great issue in supramolecular chemistry. However, developing a systematic strategy to construct polychromatic photoluminescent supramolecular self‐assemblies for improving the efficiency and sensitivity of artificial light‐harvesting systems still remains a challenge. Here, a series of amphiphilicity‐controlled supramolecular self‐assemblies with polychromatic fluorescence based on lower‐rim hexyl‐modified sulfonatocalix[4]arene (SC4A6) and N‐alkyl‐modified p‐phenylene divinylpyridiniums (PVPn, n = 2–7) as efficient light‐harvesting platforms is reported. PVPn shows wide ranges of polychromatic fluorescence by co‐assembling with SC4A6, whose emission trends significantly depend on the modified alkyl‐chains of PVPn. The formed PVPn‐SC4A6 co‐assemblies as light‐harvesting platforms are extremely sensitive for transferring the energy to two near‐infrared emissive acceptors, Nile blue (NiB) and Rhodamine 800. After optimizing the amphiphilicity of PVPn‐SC4A6 systems, the PVPn‐SC4A6‐NiB light‐harvesting systems achieve an ultrasensitive working concentration for NiB (2 nm) and an ultrahigh antenna effect up to 91.0. Furthermore, the two different kinds of light‐harvesting nanoparticles exhibit good performance on near‐infrared imaging in the Golgi apparatus and mitochondria, respectively.
Fluorine‐Substituted π‐Bridge through a Simple Method for Efficient Polymer Donor
Authors: Liao Junxu , Weng Fubiao , Huang Zhangen , Zeng Langxian , Zheng Peijin , Xu Gengbiao , Zhao Hongbin , Xu Yongjun
Published: September 2022

Herein, a novel fluorinated conjugated polymer, PM7‐F, as the donor material for polymer solar cells (PSCs) is developed. In contrast to previously reported synthetic methods for 3‐fluorothiophene, a crucial intermediate, 3‐fluoro‐2‐iodothiophene, is utilized, to shorten the synthetic route and ensure lower synthetic costs via a simple approach. The effects of fluorine substituent on the π‐bridge unit are systematically investigated. PM7‐F displays great planarity and a nearly linear backbone via its strong intramolecular noncovalent conformation locks. Due to the strong noncovalent contacts of F–S, F–π, and F–Cl, as well as the large dipole moment of carbon–fluorine (C–F), the fluorinated polymer PM7‐F possesses redshifted absorption, a much deeper highest occupied molecular orbital level (−5.65 eV), better crystallinity, enhanced nanoscale morphology, efficient charge transport properties, and reduced recombination behaviors than its nonfluorine counterpart. As a result, the PM7‐F:ITIC‐based PSCs exhibit a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 13.46% with a open‐circuit voltage of 0.94 V, a short‐circuit current of 20.79 mA cm−2, and an fill factor of 68.87%. Herein, it is indicated that fluorination π‐bridge provided a feasible approach to obtain low‐cost and high‐efficiency polymer donors.
Feature transfer learning by reinforcement learning for detecting software defect
Authors: Guo Shikai , Wang Jiahui , Xu Zhihao , Huang Lin , Li Hui , Chen Rong
Published: September 2022

Software defects, produced inevitably in software projects, seriously affect the efficiency of software testing and maintenance. An appealing solution is the software defect prediction (SDP) that has achieved good performance in many software projects. However, the difference between features and the difference of the same feature between training data and test data may degrade defect prediction performance if such differences violate the model's assumption. To address this issue, we propose a SDP method based on feature transfer learning (FTL), which performs a transformation sequence for each feature in order to map the original features to another feature space. Specifically, FTL first uses the reinforcement learning scheme that automatically learns a strategy for transferring the potential feature knowledge from the training data. Then, we use the learned feature knowledge to inspire the transformation of the test data. The classifier is trained by the transformed training data and predicts defects for transformed test data. We evaluate the validity of FTL on 43 projects from PROMISE and NASA MDP using three classifiers, logistic regression, random forest, and Naive Bayes (NB). Experimental results indicate that FTL is better than the original classifiers and has the best performance on the NB classifier. For PROMISE, after using FTL, the average results of F1‐score, AUC, MCC are 0.601, 0.757, and 0.350 respectively, which are 24.9%, 2.6%, and 16.7% higher than the original NB classifier results. The number of projects with improved performance accounts for 83.87%, 83.87%, and 64.52%. Similarly, FTL performs well on NASA MDP. Besides, compared with four feature engineering (FE) methods, FTL achieves an excellent improvement on most projects and the average performance is also better than or close to the FE methods.
Effect of Cooling Rate and High N Content on the Precipitation and Growth of AlN Inclusions in Fe–23Mn–2Al–0.08 V High‐Manganese Nonmagnetic Steel
Authors: Zhang Tao , Chen Yue , Cheng Guoguang , Yang Xinlong , Chen Xingrun , Pan Jixiang , Huang Yu , Wang Qiming
Published: September 2022

Industrial experiments are carried out to investigate the precipitation and growth of AlN in Fe–23Mn–2Al–0.08 V steel with nitrogen content up to 80–92 ppm. AlN inclusions can be precipitated before solidification. The morphologies of AlN are mainly divided into hexagonal and needle‐like shapes. With the cooling rate decreasing from 36.66 to 0.71 K s−1, the equivalent diameters of typical AlN increase from 7.56 to 24.20 μm, and the total amount decreases from 203.01 to 60.00 mm−2. The relationship between the cooling rate and the number density is obtained: . The element segregation analyzed by electronic probe microanalyzer shows that aluminum concentration is low in interdendritic regions but high in dendrites. Aluminum segregation is very weak, and there is almost no nitrogen segregation. Thermodynamic calculation shows that AlN can precipitate before solidification with the nitrogen content higher than 58 ppm. The predicted results of AlN growth by kinetic analysis method can well reveal the growth trend. The nitrogen content (≥58 ppm) has a negligible effect on the size of AlN when the cooling rates are 3.02 and 0.71 K s−1, while the cooling rate has a significant effect on the size of AlN.
TeSSLa – An Ecosystem for Runtime Verification
Authors: Kallwies Hannes , Leucker Martin , Schmitz Malte , Schulz Albert , Thoma Daniel , Weiss Alexander
Published: September 2022

Runtime verification deals with checking correctness properties on the runs of a system under scrutiny. To achieve this, it addresses a variety of sub-problems related to monitoring of systems: These range from the appropriate design of a specification language over efficient monitor generation as hardware and software monitors to solutions for instrumenting the monitored system, preferably in a non-intrusive way. Further aspects play a role for the usability of a runtime verification toolchain, e.g. availability, sufficient documentation and the existence of a developer community. In this paper we present the TeSSLa ecosystem, a runtime verification framework built around the stream runtime verification language TeSSLa: It provides a rich toolchain of mostly freely available compilers for monitor generation on different hardware and software backends, as well as instrumentation mechanisms for various runtime verification requirements. Additionally, we highlight how the online resources and supporting tools of the community-driven project enable the productive usage of stream runtime verification.
Forschungsfragen und wissenschaftliche Hypothesen
Authors: Muth Lydia
Published: September 2022

Aus den theoretischen Vorbetrachtungen und der Analyse aktueller wissenschaftlicher Dokumente konnten drei Forschungsfragen aufgestellt und daraus je zwei zugeordnete Hypothesen abgeleitet werden. Im dritten Kapitel werden diese vorgestellt sowie die getroffenen Annahmen begründet.
Genome-wide association studies of grain yield and quality traits under optimum and low-nitrogen stress in tropical maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Ndlovu Noel , Spillane Charles , McKeown Peter C. , Cairns Jill E. , Das Biswanath , Gowda Manje
Published: September 2022

Key message

Genome-wide association study (GWAS) demonstrated that multiple genomic regions influence grain quality traits under nitrogen-starved soils. Using genomic prediction, genetic gains can be improved through selection for grain quality traits.

Soils in sub-Saharan Africa are nitrogen deficient due to low fertilizer use and inadequate soil fertility management practices. This has resulted in a significant yield gap for the major staple crop maize, which is undermining nutritional security and livelihood sustainability across the region. Dissecting the genetic basis of grain protein, starch and oil content under nitrogen-starved soils can increase our understanding of the governing genetic systems and improve the efficacy of future breeding schemes. An association mapping panel of 410 inbred lines and four bi-parental populations were evaluated in field trials in Kenya and South Africa under optimum and low nitrogen conditions and genotyped with 259,798 SNP markers. Genetic correlations demonstrated that these populations may be utilized to select higher performing lines under low nitrogen stress. Furthermore, genotypic, environmental and GxE variations in nitrogen-starved soils were found to be significant for oil content. Broad sense heritabilities ranged from moderate (0.18) to high (0.86). Under low nitrogen stress, GWAS identified 42 SNPs linked to grain quality traits. These significant SNPs were associated with 51 putative candidate genes. Linkage mapping identified multiple QTLs for the grain quality traits. Under low nitrogen conditions, average prediction accuracies across the studied genotypes were higher for oil content (0.78) and lower for grain yield (0.08). Our findings indicate that grain quality traits are polygenic and that using genomic selection in maize breeding can improve genetic gain. Furthermore, the identified genomic regions and SNP markers can be utilized for selection to improve maize grain quality traits.
Therapeutische Optionen für Patienten mit Status epilepticus im höheren Lebensalter
Authors: Willems Laurent M. , Rosenow Felix , Strzelczyk Adam
Published: September 2022

Der Status epilepticus (SE) stellt eine schwerwiegende akute Erkrankung dar, die eine frühzeitige und gezielte Therapie erfordert. Insbesondere der refraktäre SE (RSE) sowie der superrefraktäre SE (SRSE) sind bereits bei jungen Menschen eine interdisziplinäre therapeutische Herausforderung. Bei Patienten in höherem Lebensalter sind hierbei weitere relevante Aspekte zu beachten, die sich einerseits aufgrund einer abweichenden Pharmakokinetik und -dynamik ergeben, andererseits aber auch aus Komorbiditäten, Polypharmazie und möglichen medizinischen Therapielimitationen bzw. Patientenpräferenzen resultieren. Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, diese besonderen Aspekte im Rahmen der SE-Versorgung älterer Menschen aufzuarbeiten und potenzielle Therapiestrategien jenseits der Leitlinie aufzuzeigen. Insbesondere wird hierbei auf alternative Applikationswege und mögliche konservative Eskalationsformen der Therapie eingegangen, die v. a. bei relevant vorerkrankten Patienten von Bedeutung sind, bei denen eine intensivmedizinische Behandlung die ohnehin schon hohe Mortalität des SE im gehobenen Alter weiter erhöhen würde. Mit unterschiedlichen parenteralen Applikationsformen von Benzodiazepinen im SE sowie dem mittlerweile gut beschriebenen Einsatz weiterer Antikonvulsiva wie Brivaracetam, Perampanel, Stiripentol, Topiramat und Zonisamid in RSE und SRSE stehen auch für diese vulnerable Patientengruppe adäquate Therapieoptionen zur Verfügung. Nichtsdestotrotz sollte in der Therapie des SE im gehobenen Alter insbesondere in Anbetracht der per se hohen Mortalität verstärkt auf Patientenpräferenzen und medizinethische Aspekte geachtet werden.
GPyro: uncertainty-aware temperature predictions for additive manufacturing
Authors: Sideris Iason , Crivelli Francesco , Bambach Markus
Published: September 2022

In additive manufacturing, process-induced temperature profiles are directly linked to part properties, and their prediction is crucial for achieving high-quality products. Temperature predictions require an accurate process model, which is usually either a physics-based or a data-driven simulator. Although many high-performance models have been developed, they all suffer from disadvantages such as long execution times, the need for large datasets, and error accumulation in long prediction horizons. These caveats undermine the utility of such modeling approaches and pose problems in their integration within iterative optimization and closed-loop control schemes. In this work, we introduce GPyro, a generative model family specifically designed to address these issues and enable fast probabilistic temperature predictions. GPyro combines physics-informed and parametric regressors with a set of smooth attention mechanisms and learns the evolution of the dynamics inherent to a system by employing Gaussian processes. The model predictions are equipped with confidence intervals quantifying the uncertainty at each timestep. We applied GPyro to Wire-arc additive manufacturing and learned an accurate model from a single experiment on a real welding cell, almost in real-time. Our model can be easily integrated within existing loop-shaping and optimization frameworks.
Impact of COVID-19 infection on the dialysis population prospective, observational, nationwide study
Authors: AlSahow Ali , AlQallaf Ahmed , AlYousef Anas , Bahbahani Hamad , Bahbahani Yousif , AlHelal Bassam , AlRajab Heba , AlMuhaiteeb Abdullah , Shalaby Heba , Elabbadi Mohamed , Elsebaei Mohammad , Abdallah Emad , Ayoub Medhat , AbouTrabeh Aissar , AlSarrajji Maryam , AlAwadhi Abdullah , Kumar Rajeev
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Hemodialysis (HD) patients are at increased risk of severe COVID-19 infection but infection rates vary. Our objectives are to describe COVID-19 positive HD patients’ characteristics, infection rates, and factors associated with mortality in HD COVID-19 cases in Kuwait.

Methods

Data on demographics, comorbidities, and treatments received, as well as mortality for HD patients admitted to hospitals for COVID-19, from 1/March to 31/July 2020, prospectively collected and analyzed.

Results

A total of 141 infected HD patients were admitted (Mean age 58 ± 16.1; Males 56%), representing 7% of the total HD population and 0.2% of all COVID-19 cases during the study period. Of those 141 infected HD patients, 27 (19%) died, and this represents 6% of total COVID-19-related mortality and 27% of the total HD mortality. In contrast, total covid-19-related mortality of all positive cases was only 0.7%, and total HD mortality during the study period was only 5%. COVID-19-positive HD patients who died were older and 59% were males. However, the differences were not statistically significant. Of the 61 infected HD patients who needed to be switched to continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT), 34% died, and of the 29 infected HD patients who needed admission to intensive care, 65% died.

Conclusion

HD population represents a small fraction of the total population; however, positive HD COVID-19 cases represent a sizable proportion of COVID-19 cases and a significant percentage of total COVID-19-related mortality, and total HD mortality.
Extracellular matrix proteins (fibronectin, collagen III, and collagen I) immunoexpression in goat tuberculous granulomas (Mycobacterium caprae)
Authors: Neila Carlos , Rebollada-Merino Agustín , Bezos Javier , de Juan Lucía , Domínguez Lucas , Rodríguez-Bertos Antonio
Published: September 2022

The lesion resulting from the interaction between Mycobacterium and the host immune response is the tuberculous granuloma. Tuberculous granulomas, except in incipient stages, are partially or totally encapsulated by connective tissue. The aim of this study was to assess the immunoexpression of the extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin, collagen III, and collagen I in granulomas caused by Mycobacterium caprae in goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) to understand capsule development at different granuloma stages. For this purpose, a retrospective study of 56 samples of tuberculous granulomas in lung (n = 30) and mediastinal lymph node (n = 26) from 17 goats naturally infected with M. caprae in stages I (n = 15), II (n = 14) and III (n = 27) was carried out. Fibronectin immunoreaction was extracellular, fibrillar-reticular in the center of stage I, II and III granulomas and peripheral in stages II and III granulomas. Collagen III immunoexpression was extracellular and fibrillar in the center of stages I, II and III tuberculous granulomas in lung and mediastinal lymph node, and progressive expression was observed in the periphery of stages II and III granulomas. Finally, collagen I immunoexpression was extracellular and fibrillar, showing a progressive loss of central expression and an increase in peripheral expression in stage III granulomas compared to stage I granulomas. Immunoexpression of these extracellular matrix proteins could help understand fibrogenesis and dating in tuberculous granuloma in both animal models and humans.
Improving metacognition through self-explication in a digital self-regulated learning tool
Authors: Braad Eelco , Degens Nick , Barendregt Wolmet , IJsselsteijn Wijnand
Published: September 2022

Digital support during self-regulated learning can improve metacognitive knowledge and skills in learners. Previous research has predominantly focused on embedding metacognitive support in domain-specific content. In this study, we examine a detached approach where digital metacognitive support is offered in parallel to ongoing domain-specific training via a digital tool. The primary support mechanism was self-explication, where learners are prompted to make, otherwise implicit, metacognition concrete.

In a controlled pre-test/post-test quasi-experiment, we compared domain-specific and domain-general support and assessed the effects, use, and learners' perceptions of the tool. The results showed that self-explication is an effective mechanism to support and improve metacognition during self-regulated learning. Furthermore, the results confirm the effectiveness of offering detached metacognitive support. While only domain-specific metacognitive support was found to be effective, quantitative and qualitative analysis warrant further research into domain-general and detached metacognitive support.

The results also indicated that, while students with higher metacognition found a lack of relevance of using the tool, students with lower metacognition are less likely to make (structural) use of the available support. A key challenge for future research is thus to adapt metacognitive support to learner needs, and to provide metacognitive support to those who would benefit from it the most. The paper concludes by formulating implications for future research as well as design of digital metacognitive support.
Messung gemeinsamer Wissenskonstruktion: Ein Vergleich von hoch-inferenter Beobachtung, niedrig-inferenter Codierung und Selbsteinschätzung der transaktiven Kommunikation
Authors: Jurkowski Susanne , Mundelsee Lukas , Jüngst Christina , Hänze Martin
Published: September 2022

Transaktive Kommunikation bedeutet, dass Lernende auf die Beiträge ihrer Lernpartner:innen Bezug nehmen, auf ihnen aufbauen und sie weiterentwickeln. Dadurch konstruieren die Lernenden gemeinsam Wissen zum Lerngegenstand. In der Forschung wird die transaktive Kommunikation vor allem über die Transkription und Codierung von Audio- oder Videomaterial erhoben. Dieses Vorgehen ist relativ ressourcenintensiv und möglicherweise aufgrund fehlender Informationen über das nonverbale Verhalten der Lernenden und ihre Auseinandersetzung mit dem Lernmaterial in seiner Validität eingeschränkt. Die Studie geht der Frage nach, wie transaktive Kommunikation als zentrales Merkmal der gemeinsamen Wissenskonstruktion gemessen werden kann. Dazu wurden zu zwei Messzeitpunkten mit Partnerarbeit verschiedene Formen der transaktiven Kommunikation von Schüler:innen der neunten Klassenstufe über Selbsteinschätzung anhand eines Fragebogens (N = 516), niedrig-inferente Codierung transkribierter Audioaufnahmen (n = 246) sowie ein hoch-inferentes Beobachtungsverfahren (n = 92) erfasst. Zusätzlich wurden der Wissenserwerb und die Sympathie zum Lernpartner/zur Lernpartnerin erhoben. Es wurde eine Reliabilitäts- und Validitätsprüfung der verschiedenen Messverfahren vorgenommen. Die Beobachterübereinstimmung der hoch-inferenten Einschätzung war moderat bis exzellent, die Interraterreliabilität der codierten Transaktivität moderat bis gut. Faktorenanalysen ergaben für alle drei Erhebungsmethoden eine 1‑Faktor-Lösung der Formen transaktiver Kommunikation. Es zeigte sich ein mittelstarker Zusammenhang zwischen der mit dem Beobachtungsverfahren und der über die Codierung gemessenen transaktiven Kommunikation. Diese beiden Maße korrelierten nicht mit der Selbsteinschätzung transaktiver Kommunikation. Codierung und Selbsteinschätzung standen nicht in Zusammenhang mit dem Wissenserwerb. Dagegen zeigte sich eine mittelstarke Korrelation zwischen der hoch-inferent eingeschätzten Transaktivität und dem Wissenserwerb. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass Transaktivität über das hoch-inferente Beobachtungsverfahren reliabel und valide erfasst werden kann.
Das spezifische Ansprechbarkeitsprinzip in der Behandlung delinquenter Personen
Authors: Stück Elisabeth , Brunner Franziska
Published: September 2022

Das Risk-Need-Responsivity(RNR)-Modell erweist sich in der Behandlung straffällig gewordener Menschen als effektives Modell zur Reduktion der Rückfälligkeit für erneute Straftaten. Um eine individuelle Behandlung mit größtmöglicher Effektivität zu planen, sollen neben den Risikofaktoren v. a. auch die spezifischen Ansprechbarkeitsfaktoren (SAF) sorgfältig erfasst werden. Das spezifische Ansprechbarkeitsprinzip fordert eine klient:innenorientierte Flexibilität bei der Umsetzung der Behandlung und dem Umgang mit individuellen Behandlungsbarrieren. Dabei steht das Prinzip häufig in der Kritik, nicht ausreichend erforscht zu sein und in der Praxis selten berücksichtigt zu werden. Dieses Review bietet einen aktuellen Überblick über klient:innenbezogene SAF und soll Kliniker:innen dabei unterstützen, die SAF ihrer Klient:innen zu identifizieren, um die Behandlung daran anzupassen oder sie gezielt zu adressieren. Dabei unterstreicht dieser Artikel einmal mehr die Bedeutung, aber auch die Komplexität der Operationalisierung von SAF und den Umgang mit ihnen in der Behandlung und Forschung.
Laryngeal oncocytic cystadenoma and sudden death
Authors: Gilbert John D. , Byard Roger W.
Published: September 2022

An 86-year-old woman with Alzheimer disease collapsed in her nursing home and was not able to be resuscitated. At autopsy, the major findings were in the larynx where a pedunculated oncocytic cystadenoma had occluded the glottis. Oncocytic cysts or cystadenomas of the larynx are rare histologically benign lesions that account for only 0.1–1% of laryngeal lesions. While the usual presentation is of a sensation of a mass in the throat, hoarseness, or stridor, very occasionally, there may be acute airway compromise and sudden death. Oncocytic cystadenoma should, therefore, be included in the differential diagnosis of potentially lethal obstructive laryngeal lesions.
Kähler Stability of Symplectic Forms
Authors: Streets Jeffrey , Tian Gang
Published: September 2022

Using dynamical stability of symplectic curvature flow, we show that on a compact Calabi–Yau manifold, any small symplectic deformation of a Kähler form remains Kähler.
Development and structure–activity relationships of tanshinones as selective 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 inhibitors
Authors: Deng Xu , Huang Su-Ling , Ren Jian , Pan Zheng-Hong , Shen Yu , Zhou Hao-Feng , Zuo Zhi-Li , Leng Ying , Zhao Qin-Shi
Published: September 2022

11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1) represents a promising drug target for metabolic syndrome, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. Our initial screen of a collection of natural products from Danshen led to the identification of tanshinones as the potent and selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitors. To improve the druggability and explore the structure–activity relationships (SARs), more than 40 derivatives have been designed and synthesized using tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone as the starting materials. More than 10 derivatives exhibited potent in vitro 11β-HSD1 inhibitory activity and good selectivity over 11β-HSD2 across human and mouse species. Based on the biological results, SARs were further discussed, which was also partially rationalized by a molecular docking model of 1 bound to the 11β-HSD1. Remarkably, compounds 1, 17 and 30 significantly inhibited 11β-HSD1 in 3T3-L1 adipocyte and in livers of ob/ob mice, which merits further investigations as anti-diabetic agents. This study not only provides a series of novel selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitors with promising therapeutic potentials in metabolic syndromes, but also expands the boundaries of the chemical and biological spaces of tanshinones.

Graphic Abstract
Examining ecosystem services and disservices through deliberative socio-cultural valuation
Authors: Baltazar D. S. , Labadz J. , Smith R. , Telford A. , Di Bonito M.
Published: September 2022

The deliberative socio-cultural valuation of ecosystem services (ES) and disservices (EDS) is an understudied area of ES and EDS research. Participatory methods have been applied to ES and EDS valuation, but little is known on how these approaches could reveal and form shared values and impact decision-making. This paper presents the deliberative socio-cultural valuation of the Jose Rizal Plaza in Calamba City, The Philippines. The study aimed to assess how stakeholders value the ES and EDS of the park and examine how these values change in different situations. Online focus groups were carried out, and in each, the participants were asked to distribute importance and concern points to the various park ES and EDS, respectively. The valuation exercise was performed six times, changing the source and constituency of the valuation, and introducing discussions. Results confirm significant differences in the values assigned to several ES and EDS across the valuation exercises. Varying the sources and constituencies proved useful in revealing the participants’ shared assigned values. The participants share a high appreciation for enjoyment and spending free time, sports and physical fitness, relaxation and mental recreation, social relationships, and local identity and cultural heritage. For EDS, they share a significant concern only for the risk of anti-social behaviour. This type of valuation could be further explored using other parks and cities to test if it will have consistent results. For the Jose Rizal Plaza, spaces for sports should be maintained and security should be improved.
Building energy flexibility with battery energy storage system: a comprehensive review
Authors: Xu Xinhua , Fu Yuting , Luo Yongqiang
Published: September 2022

Building energy flexibility (BEF) is getting increasing attention as a key factor for building energy saving target besides building energy intensity and energy efficiency. BEF is very rich in content but rare in solid progress. The battery energy storage system (BESS) is making substantial contributions in BEF. This review study presents a comprehensive analysis on the BEF with BESS, in terms of the current study statues, connection to building energy management, integration with renewable energy sources and electric vehicles. In addition, electric vehicle (EV) is found to be flexible by itself for BEF. This study delivers some new insights and findings that the synchronized aging of building and battery and complex optimization with multiple indexes, is still challenging. Additionally, the opportunities behind the challenges are also highlighted that the higher level of BEF can be achieved by tackling the higher level of system complexity. Further, the suggestions about distributed energy control for distributed energy system, as well as coupling building energy pattern with users’ behavior pattern, are also proposed. The review study may further facilitate the BEF with BESS and push forward the synergistic improvement of building energy efficiency, intensity, and flexibility.
Management of recurrent colostomy prolapse by Laparoscopic Enteropexy for Prolapsing Stoma (LEPS) technique; case report
Authors: Saleem Athary , Alawadhi Abrar , Almarri Mohammad , Al Safi Sarah , Alkhamis Ahmed
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background

Stoma prolapse is a well-known complaint following colostomy or ileostomy that can be reduced by either conservative and/or surgical approaches.

Presentation

A 46-year-old male patient who developed colostomy prolapse as an early postoperative complication. The first episode occurred 4 days following the creation of a temporary loop colostomy to allow the initiation of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for an obstructive locally advanced rectal cancer. The prolapse was associated with incarceration which was not amenable for bedside reduction. This was managed by loop colostomy revision into an end-loop colostomy. Two weeks later, a repeated episode of incarcerated colostomy prolapse occurred. This episode was managed, using Laparoscopic Enteropexy for Prolapsing Stoma (LEPS) technique. The postoperative period, two days, was uneventful and no evidence of recurrence occurred to date.

Discussion

temporary colostomy prolapse with acute incarceration is a highly challenging event that requires innovative intervention. Usually, it is considered a late complication in contrast to our case where the patient presented with prolapsed colostomy as an early complication. The surgical options to manage the colostomy prolapse can be either local and/or intra-abdominal techniques.

Conclusion

LEPS is a valid approach to managing prolapsed stoma that has been formed as a temporary bridge to definitive surgery. It is a simple low-risk procedure that allows fast recovery so patients can proceed with further treatment plans.

Highlights
SBAs for the FRCEM
Authors: Jaconelli Tom
Published: September 2022

The Royal College of Emergency Medicine (RCEM) has implemented a new 2021 curriculum, with a new Single Best Answer (SBA) paper for the fellowship examination. Featuring 200 Single Best Answer questions and answers, this text is the first on the market to help prepare for this new examination. Mapped to the curriculum, this book covers core areas such as cardiology, environmental emergencies, mental health, toxicology, trauma, resuscitation and quality improvement. All of the answers are fully referenced to up-to-date guidelines and research, to allow for further reading. This is an essential text for postgraduate doctors in Emergency Medicine studying for the Fellowship of the Royal College of Emergency Medicine (FRCEM) SBA examination.
China's Public Finance
Authors: Lin Shuanglin
Published: September 2022

A comprehensive, up-to-date, insightful, and innovative masterpiece on the Chinese public finance has finally emerged to fill the gap in the field. Considering China's public finance in its entirety, from tax systems, government spending, infrastructure financing, fiscal policies, local government debt, and central-local fiscal relationships to urban and rural social security and healthcare, it analyses China's public finance reforms and examines the reasons and the consequences of these reforms. It explores the challenges to China's public finance, examines its problems, and suggests potential solutions. While covering a broad range of themes, this book remains judicious with the evidence, providing its readers with innovative yet careful conclusions. Using enormous amount of the latest data and illustrative diagrams, the author explains China's public finance with expertise and clarity. This is an indispensable resource for students and scholars from a range of disciplines with an interest in the Chinese economy.
Real World OCaml: Functional Programming for the Masses
Authors: Madhavapeddy Anil , Minsky Yaron
Published: September 2022

This fast-moving tutorial introduces you to OCaml, an industrial-strength programming language designed for expressiveness, safety, and speed. Through the book's many examples, you'll quickly learn how OCaml stands out as a tool for writing fast, succinct, and readable systems code using functional programming. Real World OCaml takes you through the concepts of the language at a brisk pace, and then helps you explore the tools and techniques that make OCaml an effective and practical tool. You'll also delve deep into the details of the compiler toolchain and OCaml's simple and efficient runtime system. This second edition brings the book up to date with almost a decade of improvements in the OCaml language and ecosystem, with new chapters covering testing, GADTs, and platform tooling. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core, thanks to the support of Tarides. Their generous contribution will bring more people to OCaml.
Reflections on implementation of a failure-point–focused outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy management program
Authors: Hemenway Alice N. , Stewart Rebecca L.
Published: September 2022

Management of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) is complex, and incorporation of a pharmacist can improve outcomes. The creation of new clinical programs is often limited by staffing resources. We describe our collaborative program that utilized a failure-point–focused design process to optimize OPAT activities and management.
When Dragon Meets Elephant in Africa: The Rivalry on Distinctive Competitiveness
Authors: Xie Zhenzhen , Chen Xuanjin , Wang Hao
Published: September 2022

The increasing FDI in Africa from China and India in recent years has drawn the attention of scholars, policy makers, and the media. Africa is an arena where the two emerging giants compete on different bases. Indian firms have the advantage of institutional proximity and large diaspora communities in Africa, while Chinese firms rely on government-to-government relationship-building. The rivalry between India's soft power and Chinese hard power in Africa will continue for the foreseeable future.
An additional medium renewal of D4 embryo culture improves the concordance of noninvasive chromosome screening with trophectoderm biopsy
Authors: Li Hong-Xing , Pang Yan , Zhang Xue-Hong , Cao Di , Ma Xiao-Ling
Published: September 2022

Our research question was to evaluate the chromosome concordance of trophectoderm (TE) biopsy with noninvasive chromosome screening (NICS) using embryo culture medium renewed twice on Day 3 (D3) and Day 4 (D4). In this study, we evaluated 64 cycles with 223 biopsied blastocysts. These were categorized into two groups based on replacing embryo culture medium on D3 (control group) or on D3 and D4 (experimental group). The fundamental characteristics and main outcomes were compared. The concordance rates of NICS results with TE biopsy were determined according to next generation sequencing results. In total, 103 experimental and 120 control embryo cultures were collected, and the euploid status was analyzed using NICS technology. The overall concordance rates with TE biopsy of the experimental and control groups were 0.86 and 0.75, respectively. Statistically significant difference was found between the two groups. An additional medium renewal of the D4 embryo culture can improve the concordance of NICS with TE biopsy.
Morphological characterization of the digestive tube of hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) hatchlings
Authors: Oliveira Radan Elvis Matias de , Attademo Fernanda Loffler Niemeyer , Sousa Ana Caroline Freitas Caetano de , Gurgel João Vitor de Oliveira , Magalhães Marcela dos Santos , Moura Carlos Eduardo Bezerra de , Fragoso Ana Bernadete Lima , Silva Flávio José de Lima , Oliveira Moacir Franco de
Published: September 2022

Morphological studies concerning the digestive system can further information on animal diets, thus aiding in the understanding of feeding behavior. Given the scarcity of information on sea turtle digestive system morphology, the aim of the present study was to describe the digestive tube (DT) morphology of Eretmochelys imbricata hatchlings to further understand the diet of these individuals in the wild. DT samples from 10 stillborn turtles (undefined sex) were analyzed at the macro and microscopic levels. The esophagus, stomach, small intestine (SI), and large intestine (LI) are described. Histologically, the DT is formed by four tunics, the mucosa, submucosa, muscular, and adventitia or serosa. The esophagus is lined by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, while the remainder of the DT is lined by a simple columnar epithelium. The esophagus mucosa is marked by conical, pointed papillae. The stomach comprises three regions, the cardiac, fundic, and pyloric and is covered by neutral mucous granular cells. The intestinal mucosa presents absorptive cells with microvilli, neutral and acidic goblet cells, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. The SI is significantly longer than the LI (p value = 0.006841). These morphological findings are strong indications of adaptations to a carnivorous diet in this hawksbill turtle age group.
Monitoring Seismic Velocity Changes Across the San Jacinto Fault Using Train‐Generated Seismic Tremors
Authors: Sheng Y. , Mordret A. , Sager K. , Brenguier F. , Boué P. , Rousset B. , Vernon F. , Higueret Q. , Ben‐Zion Y.
Published: September 2022

Microseismic noise has been used for seismic velocity monitoring. However, such signals are dominated by low‐frequency surface waves that are not ideal for detecting changes associated with small tectonic processes. Here we show that it is possible to extract stable, high‐frequency body waves using seismic tremors generated by freight trains. Such body waves allow us to focus on small velocity perturbations in the crust with high spatial resolution. We report on 10 years of seismic velocity temporal changes at the San Jacinto Fault. We observe and map a two‐month‐long episode of velocity changes with complex spatial distribution and interpret the velocity perturbation as produced by a previously undocumented slow‐slip event. We verify the hypothesis through numerical simulations and locate this event along a fault segment believed to be locked. Such a slow‐slip event stresses its surroundings and may trigger a major earthquake on a fault section approaching failure.