bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ketogenic diet influence on the elemental homeostasis of internal organs is gender dependent
Authors: Kawon Kamil , Rugiel Marzena , Setkowicz Zuzanna , Matusiak Katarzyna , Kubala-Kukus Aldona , Stabrawa Ilona , Szary Karol , Rauk Zuzanna , Chwiej Joanna
Published: October 2023

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a low-carbohydrate and high-fat diet that gains increasing popularity in the treatment of numerous diseases, including epilepsy, brain cancers, type 2 diabetes and various metabolic syndromes. Although KD is effective in the treatment of mentioned medical conditions, it is unfortunately not without side effects. The most frequently occurring undesired outcomes of this diet are nutrient deficiencies, the formation of kidney stones, loss of bone mineral density, increased LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol levels and hormonal disturbances. Both the diet itself and the mentioned adverse effects can influence the elemental composition and homeostasis of internal organs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the elemental abnormalities that appear in the liver, kidney, and spleen of rats subjected to long-term KD treatment. The investigation was conducted separately on males and females to determine if observed changes in the elemental composition of organs are gender-dependent. To measure the concentration of P, S, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn and Se in the tissues the method of the total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) was utilized. The obtained results revealed numerous elemental abnormalities in the organs of animals fed a high-fat diet. Only some of them can be explained by the differences in the composition and intake of the ketogenic and standard diets. Furthermore, in many cases, the observed anomalies differed between male and female rats.
Spatial genetic structure and seed quality of a southernmost Abies nephrolepis population
Authors: Kim Sunjeong , Lee Hye-Jin , Kim Yang-Gil , Kang Kyu-Suk
Published: October 2023

Abies nephrolepis (Trautv. ex Maxim.) Maxim. has its southernmost populations in South Korea and they are expected to decline under climate change. To establish a strategic conservation plan, this study aimed to investigate the spatial genetic structure and seed characteristics of A. nephrolepis. We used nine microsatellite markers on 165 individuals of A. nephrolepis and sampled seeds in a southernmost population at Mt. Hambaeksan, South Korea. We observed a high level of heterozygosity, and a simulation study found that sampling 20 individuals was enough to secure sufficient genetic diversity on average. Spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed that individuals had a positive genetic relationship until 30 m. Bayesian clustering models, STRUCTURE and GENELAND, failed to achieve a consensus in the optimal number of population (K), estimating K = 1 and K = 2, respectively. Principal coordinate analysis supported the absence of genetic substructure within the study population. There was a large variance in seed production among mother trees. On average, seeds of A. nephrolepis from Mt. Hambaeksan had a purity of 70.4% and a germination percentage of 32.2%. We found that seed weight was the most effective indicator of seed quality. Mother trees at higher altitudes had poorer purity which is threatening to A. nephrolepis considering the upslope retreat of subalpine species under climate change. Our results provide insights into the interactions among spatial processes, genetic structure, and seed quality within a population of A. nephrolepis.
Lignosus rhinocerotis extract ameliorates airway inflammation and remodelling via attenuation of TGF-β1 and Activin A in a prolonged induced allergic asthma model
Authors: Muhamad Siti-Aminah , Safuan Sabreena , Stanslas Johnson , Wan Ahmad Wan Amir Nizam , Bushra Solehah-Mohd-Rosdan , Nurul Asma Abdullah
Published: October 2023

Allergic asthma is associated with chronic airway inflammation and progressive airway remodelling. The sclerotium of Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden (Tiger Milk mushroom) is used traditionally to treat various illnesses, including asthma in Southeast Asia. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of L. rhinocerotis extract (LRE) on airway inflammation and remodelling in a chronic model of asthma. The present study investigated the therapeutic effects of LRE on airway inflammation and remodelling in prolonged allergen challenged model in allergic asthma. Female Balb/C mice were sensitised using ovalbumin (OVA) on day 0 and 7, followed by OVA-challenged (3 times/week) for 2, 6 and 10 weeks. LRE (125, 250, 500 mg/kg) were administered by oral gavage one hour after every challenge. One group of mice were left untreated after the final challenge for two weeks. LRE suppressed inflammatory cells and Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13) in BALF and reduced IgE level in the serum. LRE also attenuated eosinophils infiltration and goblet cell hyperplasia in the lung tissues; as well as ameliorated airway remodelling by reducing smooth muscle thickness and reducing the expressions of TGF-β1 and Activin A positive cell in the lung tissues. LRE attenuated airway inflammation and remodelling in the prolonged allergen challenge of allergic asthma model. These findings suggest the therapeutic potential of LRE as an alternative for the management of allergic asthma.
Development of novel parameters for characterising scale morphology of wool fibre and its correlation with dye diffusion coefficient of acid dye
Authors: Paul Subhadeep , Hewitt Andrew , Rana Sohel , Goswami Parikshit
Published: October 2023

This paper reports the development of novel surface parameters which can be used to characterise the scale structure of wool fibres obtained from different breeds. Scanning electron microscopy and subsequent image analysis technique were used to study wool fibres from Leicester, Dartmoor, Ryeland and Herdwick breeds of sheep. Novel scale parameters related to wool fibre’s effective chemical diffusion pathway were developed. Namely, the total scale perimeter per 100 µm fibre length and scale perimeter index, which is the total scale perimeter per 100 µm length divided by the fibre diameter. Wool fibres obtained from different breeds showed significant differences in their scale pattern with the change in fibre diameter. The scale perimeter per 100 µm length increased with the fibre diameter and showed a polynomial correlation. It was also demonstrated that an increase in the diameter of the wool fibre resulted in an increase in the apparent dye diffusion coefficient, which contrasts the established theory that finer fibres are associated with a higher dyeing rate. The increase in effective diffusion pathway (total scale perimeter per 100 µm) for the wool fibres (among different breeds) resulted in a higher dye diffusion rate at the initial phase of dyeing (liquor to surface).
Notable improvements on LWFA through precise laser wavefront tuning
Authors: Oumbarek Espinos Driss , Rondepierre Alexandre , Zhidkov Alexei , Pathak Naveen , Jin Zhan , Huang Kai , Nakanii Nobuhiko , Daito Izuru , Kando Masaki , Hosokai Tomonao
Published: October 2023

Laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) continues to grow and awaken interest worldwide, especially as in various applications it approaches performance comparable to classical accelerators. However, numerous challenges still exist until this can be a reality. The complex non-linear nature of the process of interaction between the laser and the induced plasma remains an obstacle to the widespread LWFA use as stable and reliable particle sources. It is commonly accepted that the best wavefront is a perfect Gaussian distribution. However, experimentally, this is not correct and more complicated ones can potentially give better results. in this work, the effects of tuning the laser wavefront via the controlled introduction of aberrations are explored for an LWFA accelerator using the shock injection configuration. Our experiments show the clear unique correlation between the generated beam transverse characteristics and the different input wavefronts. The electron beams stability, acceleration and injection are also significantly different. We found that in our case, the best beams were generated with a specific complex wavefront. A greater understanding of electron generation as function of the laser input is achieved thanks to this method and hopes towards a higher level of control on the electrons beams by LWFA is foreseen.
The preliminary in vitro study and application of deep learning algorithm in cone beam computed tomography image implant recognition
Authors: Ou-yang Shaobo , Han Shuqin , Sun Dan , Wu Hongping , Chen Jianping , Cai Ying , Yin Dongmei , Ou-yang Huidan , Liao Lan
Published: October 2023

To properly repair and maintain implants, which are bone tissue implants that replace natural tooth roots, it is crucial to accurately identify their brand and specification. Deep learning has demonstrated outstanding capabilities in analysis, such as image identification and classification, by learning the inherent rules and degrees of representation of data models. The purpose of this study is to evaluate deep learning algorithms and their supporting application software for their ability to recognize and categorize three dimensional (3D) Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images of dental implants. By using CBCT technology, the 3D imaging data of 27 implants of various sizes and brands were obtained. Following manual processing, the data were transformed into a data set that had 13,500 two-dimensional data. Nine deep learning algorithms including GoogleNet, InceptionResNetV2, InceptionV3, ResNet50, ResNet50V2, ResNet101, ResNet101V2, ResNet152 and ResNet152V2 were used to perform the data. Accuracy rates, confusion matrix, ROC curve, AUC, number of model parameters and training times were used to assess the efficacy of these algorithms. These 9 deep learning algorithms achieved training accuracy rates of 100%, 99.3%, 89.3%, 99.2%, 99.1%, 99.5%, 99.4%, 99.5%, 98.9%, test accuracy rates of 98.3%, 97.5%, 94.8%, 85.4%, 92.5%, 80.7%, 93.6%, 93.2%, 99.3%, area under the curve (AUC) values of 1.00, 1.00, 1.00, 1.00, 1.00, 1.00, 1.00, 1.00, 1.00. When used to identify implants, all nine algorithms perform satisfactorily, with ResNet152V2 achieving the highest test accuracy, classification accuracy, confusion matrix area under the curve, and receiver operating characteristic curve area under the curve area. The results showed that the ResNet152V2 has the best classification effect on identifying implants. The artificial intelligence identification system and application software based on this algorithm can efficiently and accurately identify the brands and specifications of 27 classified implants through processed 3D CBCT images in vitro, with high stability and low recognition cost.
Identification of cuproptosis-related gene SLC31A1 and upstream LncRNA-miRNA regulatory axis in breast cancer
Authors: Wu Jia-hao , Cheng Tian-cheng , Zhu Bei , Gao Hai-yan , Zheng Lin , Chen Wei-xian
Published: October 2023

Mounting evidence indicate that cuproptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death, contributes to cancer development and progression. However, a comprehensive analysis regarding the expressions, functions, and regulatory network of cuproptosis-related genes is still lacking. In the present work, cuproptosis-related genes, upstream miRNAs and lncRNAs, and clinical data of breast cancer from TCGA database were analyzed by R language including Cox regression analysis, correlation calculation, ROC curve construction, and survival evaluation, and were further verified by public-available databases. Chemosensitivity and immune infiltration were also evaluated by online tools. SLC31A1 was significantly increased in breast cancer samples than those in normal tissues. SLC31A1 was negatively related to a favorable outcome in breast cancer, and the AUC value increased with the prolongation of follow-up time. LINC01614 and miR-204-5p were potential upstream regulators of SLC31A1. Moreover, SLC31A1 was significantly positively correlated with different immune cells infiltration, immune cell biomarkers, and immune checkpoints in breast cancer. SLC31A1 was a potential cuproptosis-related gene in breast cancer, which was significantly upregulated and was able to predict diagnosis, prognosis, chemosensitivity, and immune infiltration. LINC01640/miR-204-5p/SLC31A1 might be a significant and promising axis during cuproptosis in breast cancer.
Mindfulness-based randomized controlled trials led to brain structural changes: an anatomical likelihood meta-analysis
Authors: Siew Savannah , Yu Junhong
Published: October 2023

Mindfulness has become increasingly popular and the practice presents in many different forms. Research has been growing extensively with benefits shown across various outcomes. However, there is a lack of consensus over the efficacy of randomized controlled mindfulness interventions, both traditional and mind–body formats. This study aimed to investigate the structural brain changes in mindfulness-based interventions through a meta-analysis. Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO were searched up to April 2023. 11 studies (n = 581) assessing whole-brain voxel-based grey matter or cortical thickness changes after a mindfulness RCT were included. Anatomical likelihood estimation was used to carry out voxel-based meta-analysis with leave-one-out sensitivity analysis and behavioural analysis as follow-ups. One significant cluster (p < 0.001, Z = 4.76, cluster size = 632 mm3) emerged in the right insula and precentral gyrus region (MNI = 48, 10, 4) for structural volume increases in intervention group compared to controls. Behavioural analysis revealed that the cluster was associated with mental processes of attention and somesthesis (pain). Mindfulness interventions have the ability to affect neural plasticity in areas associated with better pain modulation and increased sustained attention. This further cements the long-term benefits and neuropsychological basis of mindfulness-based interventions.
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level is associated with short-term glycemic variability metrics derived from continuous glucose monitoring in T2DM
Authors: Zhao Guohong , Yu Xinwen , Wang Lin , Jin Yuxin , Yang Aili , Sun Fei , Wang Xin , Jing Xiaorui , Gao Bin
Published: October 2023

This study aims to investigate the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and continuous glucose monitoring-assessed short-term glycemic variability (GV) and HbA1c among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We conducted a cross-sectional study recruiting 325 patients. The association between 25OHD and GV metrics (mean amplitude of glycemic excursions [MAGE], coefficient of variation [CV], standard deviation of sensor glucose [SD], and TIR) and HbA1c were analyzed using multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses. The 25OHD level and GV metrics showed significant differences among HbA1c groups (P < 0.01). CV, MAGE, SD and HbA1c decreased, and TIR increased with ascending 25OHD tertiles (P < 0.05). Serum 25OHD was inversely associated with CV (β = − 0.211 [− 0.350 to − 0.071], P < 0.01) and HbA1c (β = − 0.061 [− 0.114 to − 0.031], P < 0.01), and further multivariable analyses confirmed these results (P < 0.05). However, no association of HbA1c and 25OHD was found with the highest tertile of CV. These findings revealed that increased GV and HbA1c were both associated with lower 25OHD, and the relationship between HbA1c and 25OHD was attenuated with higher glucose CV in T2DM. Taken together, the analyses suggest that increasing vitamin D status has effects on improvements in long-term glycemic control and low glycemic variability.
Quantification of human mature frataxin protein expression in nonhuman primate hearts after gene therapy
Authors: Rojsajjakul Teerapat , Hordeaux Juliette J. , Choudhury Gourav R. , Hinderer Christian J. , Mesaros Clementina , Wilson James M. , Blair Ian A.
Published: October 2023

Deficiency in human mature frataxin (hFXN-M) protein is responsible for the devastating neurodegenerative and cardiodegenerative disease of Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA). It results primarily through epigenetic silencing of the FXN gene by GAA triplet repeats on intron 1 of both alleles. GAA repeat lengths are most commonly between 600 and 1200 but can reach 1700. A subset of approximately 3% of FRDA patients have GAA repeats on one allele and a mutation on the other. FRDA patients die most commonly in their 30s from heart disease. Therefore, increasing expression of heart hFXN-M using gene therapy offers a way to prevent early mortality in FRDA. We used rhesus macaque monkeys to test the pharmacology of an adeno-associated virus (AAV)hu68.CB7.hFXN therapy. The advantage of using non-human primates for hFXN-M gene therapy studies is that hFXN-M and monkey FXN-M (mFXN-M) are 98.5% identical, which limits potential immunologic side-effects. However, this presented a formidable bioanalytical challenge in quantification of proteins with almost identical sequences. This could be overcome by the development of a species-specific quantitative mass spectrometry-based method, which has revealed for the first time, robust transgene-specific human protein expression in monkey heart tissue. The dose response is non-linear resulting in a ten-fold increase in monkey heart hFXN-M protein expression with only a three-fold increase in dose of the vector.
International maritime regulation decreases sulfur dioxide but increases nitrogen oxide emissions in the North and Baltic Sea
Authors: Van Roy Ward , Van Roozendael Benjamin , Vigin Laurence , Van Nieuwenhove Annelore , Scheldeman Kobe , Merveille Jean-Baptiste , Weigelt Andreas , Mellqvist Johan , Van Vliet Jasper , van Dinther Danielle , Beecken Jorg , Tack Frederik , Theys Nicolas , Maes Frank
Published: October 2023

Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions from shipping have been regulated internationally for more than fifteen years. Emissions reduction from shipping provides benefits for human health and the environment, but the effectiveness of regulations in reducing ship emissions is less well understood. Here, we examine how the establishment of European Emission Control Areas and other international maritime regulations in the North and Baltic Seas affect sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions in the region. We combine and analyze more than 110,000 ship plume measurements, inspection results, and satellite data from 2018 to 2022. We find that compliance rates for sulfur emissions are higher near ports than in open waters. However, the regulations did not affect the concentration of nitrogen oxide emissions, which increased in the past three years. These findings highlight the need for enhanced emission regulations that improve air quality.
Deep learning for the detection of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules in non-screening chest CT scans
Authors: Hendrix Ward , Hendrix Nils , Scholten Ernst T. , Mourits Mariëlle , Trap-de Jong Joline , Schalekamp Steven , Korst Mike , van Leuken Maarten , van Ginneken Bram , Prokop Mathias , Rutten Matthieu , Jacobs Colin
Published: October 2023

Background

Outside a screening program, early-stage lung cancer is generally diagnosed after the detection of incidental nodules in clinically ordered chest CT scans. Despite the advances in artificial intelligence (AI) systems for lung cancer detection, clinical validation of these systems is lacking in a non-screening setting.

Method

We developed a deep learning-based AI system and assessed its performance for the detection of actionable benign nodules (requiring follow-up), small lung cancers, and pulmonary metastases in CT scans acquired in two Dutch hospitals (internal and external validation). A panel of five thoracic radiologists labeled all nodules, and two additional radiologists verified the nodule malignancy status and searched for any missed cancers using data from the national Netherlands Cancer Registry. The detection performance was evaluated by measuring the sensitivity at predefined false positive rates on a free receiver operating characteristic curve and was compared with the panel of radiologists.

Results

On the external test set (100 scans from 100 patients), the sensitivity of the AI system for detecting benign nodules, primary lung cancers, and metastases is respectively 94.3% (82/87, 95% CI: 88.1–98.8%), 96.9% (31/32, 95% CI: 91.7–100%), and 92.0% (104/113, 95% CI: 88.5–95.5%) at a clinically acceptable operating point of 1 false positive per scan (FP/s). These sensitivities are comparable to or higher than the radiologists, albeit with a slightly higher FP/s (average difference of 0.6).

Conclusions

The AI system reliably detects benign and malignant pulmonary nodules in clinically indicated CT scans and can potentially assist radiologists in this setting.
Empagliflozin effects on iron metabolism as a possible mechanism for improved clinical outcomes in non-diabetic patients with systolic heart failure
Authors: Angermann Christiane E. , Santos-Gallego Carlos G. , Requena-Ibanez Juan Antonio , Sehner Susanne , Zeller Tanja , Gerhardt Louisa M. S. , Maack Christoph , Sanz Javier , Frantz Stefan , Fuster Valentin , Ertl Georg , Badimon Juan J.
Published: October 2023

Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors improve clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF), but mechanisms of action are incompletely understood. In the EMPA-TROPISM trial, empagliflozin reversed cardiac remodeling and increased physical capacity in stable non-diabetic patients with systolic HF. Here we explore, post hoc, whether treatment effects in this cohort, comprising patients who had a high prevalence of iron deficiency, were related to iron metabolism. Myocardial iron content estimated by cardiac magnetic resonance T2* quantification increased after initiation of empagliflozin but not placebo (treatment effect: P = 0.01). T2* changes significantly correlated with changes in left ventricular volumes, mass and ejection fraction, peak oxygen consumption and 6-minute walking distance; concomitant changes in red blood cell indices were consistent with augmented hematopoiesis. Exploratory causal mediation analysis findings indicated that changes in myocardial iron content after treatment with empagliflozin may be an important mechanism to explain its beneficial clinical effects in patients with HF.

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03485222.
Monitoring of n-hexane degradation in a plasma reactor by chemical ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Trad Perla , Blin-Simiand Nicole , Jeanney Pascal , Pasquiers Stéphane , Lemaire Joel , Louarn Essyllt , Mestdagh Hélène , Heninger Michel
Published: October 2023

A DBD plasma is used to generate a multitude of by-products from the degradation of n-hexane molecules. The BTrap and other instruments follow n-hexane and organic by-products mixing ratios, allowing us to identify a large amount of molecules.
Regioselective synthesis of indazolo[2,3-a]quinazolines enabled by I2/S-facilitated annulation relay dehydrogenative aromatization of cyclohexanones
Authors: Gao Qinghe , Guo Yimei , Cao Penghui , Fan Guangping , Xu Yongtao
Published: October 2023

A method for concise and regioselective synthesis of indazolo[2,3-a]quinazolines has been developed via a sequential annulation and dehydrogenative aromatization of cyclohexanones.
Modelling solute–solvent interactions in VCD spectra analysis with the micro-solvation approach
Authors: Merten Christian
Published: October 2023

Strong solute–solvent interactions can affect VCD spectral signatures in various ways. In this perspective, we discuss the micro-solvation approach to simulate the solvent effects.
On-site airborne pathogen detection for infection risk mitigation
Authors: Qiu Guangyu , Zhang Xiaole , deMello Andrew J. , Yao Maosheng , Cao Junji , Wang Jing
Published: October 2023

The framework for on-site airborne pathogen detection and transmission risk mitigation.
Charge transfer complex formation between organic interlayers drives light-soaking in large area perovskite solar cells
Authors: Henderson Charlie , Luke Joel , Bicalho Izabela S. , Correa Luiza , Yang Emily J. , Rimmele Martina , Demetriou Harry , Chin Yi-Chun , Lan Tianhao , Heutz Sandrine , Gasparini Nicola , Heeney Martin , Bagnis Diego , Kim Ji-Seon
Published: October 2023

Light-induced formation of fullerene/BCP CT complexes results in new electronic states which enable efficient electron-transport through BCP to the electrode.
Adaptable sublattice stabilized high-entropy materials with superior thermoelectric performance
Authors: Gao Haotian , Zhao Kunpeng , Wuliji Hexige , Zhu Min , Xu Beibei , Lin He , Fei Liting , Zhang Hongyao , Zhou Zhengyang , Lei Jingdan , Chen Heyang , Wan Shun , Wei Tian-Ran , Shi Xun
Published: October 2023

Taking Mg2−δ(Si, Ge, Sn, Bi) as a case study, we demonstrate that the adaptable sublattice can effectively stabilize single-phase high-entropy materials with superior thermoelectric performance.
Feedstock nitrogen content mediates maximum possible Pb sorption capacity of biochars
Authors: Ogbuagu Chinonso , Robinson Steve , Sizmur Tom
Published: October 2023

It is possible that cation–π interactions with heterocyclic N structures is the primary mechanism for the sorption of Pb to biochar, highlighting the importance of feedstock nitrogen content to create biochars with a high Pb sorption capacity.
Enhanced aggregation and interfacial adsorption of an aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) in high salinity matrices
Authors: Steffens Sophia D. , Sedlak David L. , Alvarez-Cohen Lisa
Published: October 2023

Saline water increases aggregation and interfacial accumulation of PFAS found in AFFF mixtures, having the potential to affect retention during transport at or near coastal contamination sites.
Exploring sustenance: cereal legume combinations for vegan meat development
Authors: Vignesh Kannan , Yadav Dev Kumar , Wadikar D. D. , Semwal A. D.
Published: October 2023

The key to surging interest in plant-derived protein alternatives that not only match but often meet the textural, sensory, and nutritional qualities of their animal-based counterparts lies in the blending of cereals and legumes in optimal proportions, creating a palatable and healthful fusion.
Effect of temperature and packaging materials on the shelf-life stability and in vitro properties of microencapsulated and spray-dried synbiotic legume-based instant beverage powder
Authors: Chaturvedi Smriti , Chakraborty Snehasis
Published: October 2023

The aim of the work was to investigate the effect of different packaging materials and storage temperatures on the stability and in vitro properties of microencapsulated spray-dried synbiotic kidney-mung bean beverage (KMB) powder.
Alleviating effect of selenium-enrichedLactobacillus plantarum6076 on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis and liver inflammation in mice
Authors: Zan Lixia , Zhang Wenyi , Shang Shufeng , Cui Yuanyuan , Pei Jinjin , Yuan Yahong , Yue Tianli
Published: October 2023

The aim of this study is to investigate the alleviating effect of selenium-enrichedLactobacillus plantarum(SL) 6076 on colitis and liver inflammation induced by sodium dextran sulfate (DSS) in mice and its potential molecular mechanisms.
Optomicrofluidic detection of cancer cells in peripheral blood via metabolic glycoengineering
Authors: Mirkale K. , Jain S. K. , Oviya T. S. , Mahalingam S.
Published: October 2023

We report optomicrofluidic detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in a mixture of CTCs and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by exploiting the difference in their cell metabolism.
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence tetradentate ligand-containing gold(iii) complexes with preferential molecular orientation and their application in organic light-emitting devices
Authors: Au-Yeung Cathay Chai , Leung Ming-Yi , Lai Shiu-Lun , Cheng Shun-Cheung , Li Lok-Kwan , Tang Man-Chung , Kwok Wing-Kei , Ko Chi-Chiu , Chan Mei-Yee , Yam Vivian Wing-Wah
Published: October 2023

A new class of TADF pyridine-/pyrazine-containing tetradentate C^C^N^N gold(iii) complexes is reported. Through strategic structural modifications, the horizontal alignment of the emitters and the resulting OLED performance can be enhanced.
Supramolecular hydrogels for wound repair and hemostasis
Authors: Zhuo Shaowen , Liang Yongping , Wu Zhengying , Zhao Xin , Han Yong , Guo Baolin
Published: October 2023

The design and structure of recent supramolecular hydrogels are discussed. The applications of supramolecular hydrogels in hemostasis and wound repair are highlighted. The future development of supramolecular hydrogel dressings is predicted.
Polyethylenimine-functionalized graphene quantum dots for Cd2+ ion adsorption
Authors: Lu Wenyi , Shen Ning , Celia Christian , Xie Yijun , Chang Qing , Deng Xiaoyong
Published: October 2023

GQDs-PEI shows ultrahigh adsorption capacity for Cd2+ ions with the highest adsorption of 357.1 mg g−1.
Modulation mechanism of ionic transport through short nanopores by charged exterior surfaces
Authors: Ma Long , Liu Zhe , Man Jia , Li Jianyong , Siwy Zuzanna S. , Qiu Yinghua
Published: October 2023

The effects of modulation mechanisms of charged exterior surfaces on ionic current are investigated. Charged exterior surfaces can increase ionic conductance by increasing both the concentration and migration speed of charge carriers.
Gram-scale synthesis of alstoscholarinoid B via a bio-inspired strategy
Authors: He Long , Zhang Wenting , Zhang Xiaocheng , Wu Xiaohui , Han Yimeng , Yan Jiahang , Xie Weiqing
Published: October 2023

The bio-inspired synthesis of alstoscholarinoid B on a gram scale has been accomplished in a nine-step longest linear sequence.
Engineering the spin configuration of electrocatalysts for electrochemical renewable conversions
Authors: Jiang Yuying , Yang Ke , Li Menggang , Xu Denghui , Ma Zhenhui
Published: October 2023

This review focuses on the recent advances in spin-related catalysts to provide an insightful view of the origins of the enhanced catalytic activity.
Facile synthesis of triazolo/benzazolo[2,1-b]quinazolinone derivatives catalyzed by a new deep eutectic mixture based on glucose, pregabalin and urea
Authors: Rahro Parissa Naddaf , Shirini Farhad , Gilani Ali Ghanadzadeh
Published: October 2023

In this study, a novel natural deep eutectic solvent was prepared from glucose, pregabalin, and urea.
Effect of activated carbon electrode material characteristics on hardness control performance of membrane capacitive deionization
Authors: Yoon Hongsik , Min Taijin , Kim Sung-Hwan , Lee Gunhee , Oh Dasom , Choi Dong-Chan , Kim Seongsoo
Published: October 2023

This study provides a systematic analysis of electrode material characteristics in membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) for hardness control, offering valuable insights for selecting optimal materials and enhancing water treatment processes.
Combining isotope ratios for provenancing Viking Age iron artefacts in the British Isles: a pilot study
Authors: Harding Stephen E. , Jones Chas , Evans Jane , Milot Jean , Cutajar Michelle , Bailey Elizabeth , Pashley Vanessa , Wagner Doris , Halkon Peter , Pearce Mark
Published: October 2023

In this pilot study we investigate for the first time the possibilities of iron isotope analysis in combination with trace strontium and lead isotope analysis for provenancing iron objects believed to be from the Viking Age in the British Isles.
Comprehensive analysis of properties of green diesel enhanced by fatty acid methyl esters
Authors: Sriprathum Sarunporn , Maneedaeng Atthaphon , Klinkaew Niti , Sukjit Ekarong
Published: October 2023

This study investigates the lubricating properties of bio-hydrogenated diesel (BHD) blended with varying fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) concentrations using a high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) to measure lubricity and provides comprehensive tribology results.
Inflammation and emotion regulation: a narrative review of evidence and mechanisms in emotion dysregulation disorders
Authors: Petruso Flavia , Giff Alexis E. , Milano Beatrice A. , De Rossi Maurilio Menduni , Saccaro Luigi Francesco
Published: October 2023

Emotion dysregulation (ED) describes a difficulty with the modulation of which emotions are felt, as well as when and how these emotions are experienced or expressed. It is a focal overarching symptom in many severe and prevalent neuropsychiatric diseases, including bipolar disorders (BD), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and borderline personality disorder (BPD). In all these disorders, ED can manifest through symptoms of depression, anxiety, or affective lability. Considering the many symptomatic similarities between BD, ADHD, and BPD, a transdiagnostic approach is a promising lens of investigation. Mounting evidence supports the role of peripheral inflammatory markers and stress in the multifactorial aetiology and physiopathology of BD, ADHD, and BPD. Of note, neural circuits that regulate emotions appear particularly vulnerable to inflammatory insults and peripheral inflammation, which can impact the neuroimmune milieu of the central nervous system. Thus far, few studies have examined the link between ED and inflammation in BD, ADHD, and BPD. To our knowledge, no specific work has provided a critical comparison of the results from these disorders. To fill this gap in the literature, we review the known associations and mechanisms linking ED and inflammation in general, and clinically, in BD, ADHD, and BD. Our narrative review begins with an examination of the routes linking ED and inflammation, followed by a discussion of disorder-specific results accounting for methodological limitations and relevant confounding factors. Finally, we critically discuss both correspondences and discrepancies in the results and comment on potential vulnerability markers and promising therapeutic interventions.
A Survey of Secure Communications for Satellite Internet Based on Cryptography and Physical Layer Security
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhao Shuangrui , He Ji , Zhang Yuanyu , Shen Yulong , Jiang Xiaohong
Published: October 2023

Satellite internet serves as an indispensable component of the upcoming sixth‐generation networks for providing global broadband internet access service. Due to the open nature of satellite‐ground communication, security issue in satellite internet has always been an important concern for both industry and academia. Although many researchers focus on secure communications in satellite internet, the literature is surprisingly sparse, with no comprehensive overview of the state‐of‐the‐art security techniques. This paper provides an in‐depth survey of secure communications for various satellite internet scenarios. Based on different security mechanisms, we first categorize the existing works of secure communications in satellite internet into two categories: cryptography‐based and physical layer security‐based. The former includes classical encryption‐based and quantum encryption‐based secure communication, and the latter is further divided into precoding‐based, cooperative jamming‐based, relay selection‐based, and physical‐layer authentication‐based secure communication depending on the applied techniques. Finally, we provide some future research directions.
Current Ripple Reduction Employing the Reactor of DC–DC Converter to Have Variable Inductance through Magnetic Saturation
Authors: Lee Chang-Ho , Le Tuan-Vu , Kang Feel-soon , Park Sung-Jun
Published: October 2023

When DC distribution grids with different voltage levels are connected, harmonic currents flow into the grid under light load conditions, which is a significant cause of grid instability. In this paper, we proposed a method to reduce the current ripple at light load by designing a bidirectional DC–DC converter reactor to have an inductance variable according to the load power capacity. The inductance is varied using magnetic saturation and implemented in three ways: two magnetic circuits in one magnetomotive force (MMF) circuit, a single magnetic circuit in one MMF circuit, and two magnetic components with different magnetic permeability in one MMF circuit. The feasibility is verified through simulation and experiments targeting the 750 and 380 V DC grid connection. The operating characteristics and efficiency are compared and analyzed by applying the existing and proposed variable reactor to a bidirectional DC–DC converter.
Directly constraining the spatial coherence of thez∼ 1 circumgalactic medium
Authors: Afruni A. , Lopez S. , Anshul P. , Tejos N. , Noterdaeme P. , Berg T. A. M. , Ledoux C. , Solimano M. , Gonzalez-Lopez J. , Gronke M. , Barrientos F. , Johnston E. J.
Published: October 2023

One of the biggest puzzles regarding the circumgalactic medium (CGM) is the structure of its cool (T ∼ 104K) gas phase. While the kinematics of quasar absorption systems suggests the CGM is composed of a population of different clouds, constraining their extent and spatial distribution has proven challenging, both from theoretical and observational points of view. In this work, we study the spatial structure of thez ∼ 1 CGM with unprecedented detail via resolved spectroscopy of giant gravitational arcs. We put together a sample of Mg IIλλ2796, 2803 detections obtained with VLT/MUSE in 91 spatially independent and contiguous sight lines toward 3 arcs, each probing an isolated star-forming galaxy believed to be detected in absorption. We constrain the coherence scale of this gas (Clength) – which represents the spatial scale over which the Mg IIequivalent width (EW) remains constant – by comparing EW variations measured across all sight lines with empirical models. We find 1.4 < Clength/kpc < 7.8 (95% confidence). This measurement, of unprecedented accuracy, represents the scale over which the cool gas tends to cluster in separate structures. We argue that, ifClengthis a universal property of the CGM, it needs to be reproduced by current and future theoretical models in order for us to understand the exact role of this medium in galaxy evolution.
Theory of continuously curved and phased line sources for sound reinforcement
Authors: Gölles Lukas , Zotter Franz
Published: October 2023

To supply large audience areas uniformly with amplified direct sound, large-scale sound reinforcement often employs line-source loudspeaker arrays adapted to the listening area by either adjusting the angles or delays between their individual elements. This paper proposes a model for such or smaller line-source loudspeakers based on a delayed Green’s function integrated over an unknown contour. For a broad frequency range, stationary phase approximation yields a differential equation that we utilize to find a curve and delay progression providing direct sound levels rolling off with −6β dB per doubling of the distance; curve and phase designs can also be mixed to meet simultaneous targets using multiple design parameters β. The effectiveness of the formalism is proven by simulations of coverage, directivity, and discretization artifacts. Measurements on a miniature line array prototype that targets medium-scale immersive sound reinforcement applications verify the proposed theory for curvature, delay, and mixed designs.
Preliminary Research and Practical Application of BIM Standard System Framework for Underground Engineering
Authors: Yang JunTang , Ren XingTao , Ren JianBo , Lu Ke , Qiu LinXing , Pei JianTao
Published: October 2023

The intelligent transformation has put forward new requirements for the digitization and informatization of underground engineering. BIM can effectively support real feature perception, high-fidelity modelling, virtual mapping, and multi-physical simulation of underground engineering. However, the research on BIM in underground engineering is still in the preliminary exploration stage, and the standard system framework, key theories and technical directions are still not clear enough. Based on literature research, the current status of BIM standard system was analysed, and the preliminary framework for the BIM standard system combined with the characteristics of underground engineering and the needs of intelligent transformation has been established. According to the compilation principles, the standard system framework was divided into three parts: data standards, application standards, and management standards, and the composition of each part has been studied. The applicability of this framework has been demonstrated through an underground engineering example. The aim is to provide reference for the development of BIM theory and technology in underground engineering, and promote the full lifecycle digital information application of underground engineering.
Experimental Investigation on Anti-detachment Strengthening Technology for Exterior Wall Ceramic Claddings of Existing Buildings
Authors: Pan Jinjing , Liu Jing , Wang Xuan , Zhang Zihua , Yang Feng , Xu Shunbi , Zhang Yaqi , Lin Hongfei , Chen Chao , Xuan Yang
Published: October 2023

To study the effect of anti-detachment strengthening technology for ceramic claddings, several experiments were performed to obtain the failure mode and bonding strength of the strengthened hollow ceramic claddings system exterior wall, and were compared with the unreinforced system. The results indicated that using a transparent polymer waterproof coating layer as a covering material in strengthening technology could effectively improve the failure mode and adhesive strength of the hollow ceramic cladding system on the exterior wall.
Room Temperature Dynamic Control and Energy-saving System
Authors: Li Bo , Ee Yong Jonathan Chung , Yu Lih Jiun , Zhang Zhiming , Yang Xiaoqing , Peng Cong
Published: October 2023

According to statistics, the energy consumption of building air conditioning system operation accounts for about 50% of the energy consumption in the building operation phase. Therefore, reducing the energy consumption of building air conditioning systems is of great significance for building energy conservation. The traditional air conditioning system sets a constant temperature during operation and then adopts the PID control method to gradually approach this target value. This method does not take into account dynamic factors such as the building environment, personnel activities, and startup equipment rates, resulting in a large waste of energy consumption and poor comfort. This paper proposes a solution combining the Internet of Things and a heuristic optimization algorithm, in which the Internet of Things is responsible for collecting real-time parameters, and the optimization algorithm is responsible for solving the optimal control strategy, to realize intelligent real-time dynamic adjustment of indoor temperature. By comparing the actual operation results, it can be seen that the control system can reduce power consumption by about 10% and increase user satisfaction by about 8%.
Analysis of the flexural performance of Precast Box Girders Reinforced with a combination of Steel-Slab-Concrete Plus Unbonded Prestressing
Authors: Xu Jun , Ma ZhiRong , Wu XiaoGuang
Published: October 2023

Due to the serious development of cracks in precast box girders, there is no reliable method to detect the loss of prestress and carry out effective reinforcement of box girders. This paper proposes a reinforcement method of steel plate - concrete with unbonded prestressing, and applies this method to a 30m reinforced concrete prestressed box girder bridge. This paper uses FEA software to carry out a comparative analysis of the load-deflection curve of the reinforced mid-span section by comparing with the conventional bonded steel reinforcement method and the load test data, and through the analysis results, the calculation formula of the flexural load capacity of the steel plate-concrete with unbonded prestressing reinforcement method is derived. The results show that the flexural load carrying capacity of the strengthened mid-span section is significantly improved, and the proposed calculation formulae deviate from the finite element simulation results within 5%, which can be applied to actual projects.
Research on the Application of Backwall Grouting in Leakage Treatment of Operating Tunnels
Authors: Guo Hong , Wang Yuwei , Niu Xiaokai
Published: October 2023

In order to study the application of grouting behind the lining wall in the treatment of leakage of subway tunnel during the operation period, the diffusion effect of grouting behind the wall in dense fill and loose fill was studied by the method of numerical simulation and model test, and the distribution of grouting vein in the process of grouting was analyzed. The results show that the results of numerical simulation and model test are basically the same, mainly as follows: In the dense soil, although the slurry will also expand along the tunnel lining wall, it is mainly jacking in the direction perpendicular to the lining structure, and it is unable to form a large area of enclosed solid behind the lining structure; In the loose soil, with the increase of grouting pressure, the slurry gradually approaches the wall After approaching the wall, it will expand along the wall, and, at the end of grouting, the slurry will be evenly distributed along the back of the tunnel lining structure and form an obvious closed reinforcement. It is concluded that: for the tunnel structure in loose soil, when the measures of grouting behind the wall are adopted to treat the leakage water, the spacing of grouting holes can be appropriately enlarged; for the tunnel in dense soil, the spacing between grouting holes should not be too large. More importantly, the correct grouting scheme design must be considered from the whole reinforced soil, rather than from the effect of a certain point. According to the specific situation and the expansion process of the slurry, the expansion direction of the slurry vein should be considered scientifically, so as to achieve good treatment effect of leakage water.
Generation of Facemask in India during the COVID - 19 Pandemic
Authors: Palanisamy Krithiga , Nizamudheen Riyaz Ahil , Sivakumar Sabari Balaji
Published: October 2023

The continuing COVID-19 outbreak has urged enormous using up of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Individual usage of the facemask become most popular to prevent the spread of the virus. Wearing facemask becomes necessary and part of the various regulations an guidelines encouraged by the government across the country worldwide. The increase usage of the facemask creates threat to the environment that leads to the pathway of the pollution. This article is the first to estimate the daily usage of the facemask generation in India. Separate state-wise usage of the facemask were highlighted. The results clearly portraits the usage of facemask consumption increase year by year. Finally, the outlook and challenges on additional development and applications of the facemask were discussed.