bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Hypoxia-Associated Long Noncoding RNAs in Cancer Chemo-Therapy Resistance
Authors: Elahi Muhammad Affan , Tariq Aamira , Malik Ambrin , Zhra Mahmoud
Published: January 2025

Hypoxia is a well-known characteristic of the tumor microenvironment which significantly influences cancer development and is closely linked to unfavorable outcomes. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are part of the noncoding genome, have garnered increasing attention because of their varied functions in tumor metastasis. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are defined as noncoding RNAs which are longer than 200 nucleotides, and they regulate diverse cellular processes by modulating gene expression at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and epigenetic levels. Hypoxia is a well-established environmental factor which enhances the metastasis of solid tumors. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) represents one of the key mechanisms triggered by hypoxia which contributes to metastasis. Numerous lncRNAs have been identified as being upregulated by hypoxia. These lncRNAs significantly contribute toward cancer cell migration, invasion and metastasis. Recent studies have identified a crucial role for these hypoxia-induced lncRNAs in chemotherapy resistance. These hypoxia-related lncRNAs can be plausible therapeutic targets for devising effective cancer therapies.
Genetic and Physiological Characterization of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway in the Yeast Kluyveromyces lactis
Authors: Bertels Laura-Katharina , Walter Stefan , Heinisch Jürgen J.
Published: January 2025

The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is essential for human health and provides, amongst others, the reduction power to cope with oxidative stress. In contrast to the model baker’s yeast, the PPP also contributes to a large extent to glucose metabolism in the milk yeast Kluyveromyces lactis. Yet, the physiological consequences of mutations in genes encoding PPP enzymes in K. lactis have been addressed for only a few. We here embarked on a systematic study of such mutants, deleting ZWF1, SOL4, GND1, RKI1, RPE1, TKL1, TAL1, and SHB17. Interestingly, GND1, RKI1, and TKL1 were found to be essential under standard growth conditions. Epistasis analyses revealed that a lack of Zwf1 rescued the lethality of the gnd1 deletion, indicating that it is caused by the accumulation of 6-phosphogluconate. Moreover, the slow growth of a tal1 null mutant, which lacks fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, was aggravated by deleting the SHB17 gene encoding sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase. A mitotically stable tetOFF system was established for conditional expression of TAL1 and TKL1, encoding transaldolase and transketolase in the non-oxidative part of the PPP, and employed in a global proteome analysis upon depletion of the enzymes. Results indicate that fatty acid degradation is upregulated, providing an alternative energy source. In addition, tal1 and tkl1 null mutants were complemented by heterologous expression of the respective genes from baker’s yeast and humans. These data demonstrate the importance of the PPP for basic sugar metabolism and oxidative stress response in K. lactis and the potential of this yeast as a model for the study of PPP enzymes from heterologous sources, including human patients.
Heterogeneous Activation of NaClO by Nano-CoMn2O4 Spinel for Methylene Blue Decolorization
Authors: Zhao Tongwen , Han Gang , Bai Juan , Wu Xiaogang
Published: January 2025

In this study, the nano-spinel CoMn2O4 was synthesized by coprecipitation pyrolysis and employed to heterogeneously activate hypochlorite (NaClO) for the oxidative decolorization of methylene blue (MB). The crystal structure, elemental composition, surface morphology, and microstructure of the prepared CoMn2O4 nano-spinel were analyzed using a series of characterization techniques. The pyrolysis temperature was screened on the basis of MB decolorization efficiency and the leaching of metal ions during the reaction. The MB decolorization efficiency was compared using different catalysts and process. The impacts of CoMn2O4 dosage, effective chlorine dose, MB concentration, and initial pH on MB decolorization were explored. The catalytic mechanism of MB oxidation was elucidated through quenching experiments combined with radical identification. The degradation pathway of MB was preliminarily proposed based on the detection of the intermediates. The reusability of recycled CoMn2O4 was finally investigated. The results revealed that maximal MB oxidation efficiency and minimal leaching of Co and Mn ions were achieved at the calcination temperature of 600 °C. Complete oxidative decolorization of MB within 40 min was obtained at an initial MB concentration of 50 mg/L, a CoMn2O4 dosage of 1 g/L, an effective chlorine dose of 0.1%, and an initial pH of 4.3. Superoxide radical (O2•−) was found to be dominantly responsible for MB decolorization according to the results of radical scavenging experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance. The CoMn2O4 spinel can be recycled for five cycles with the MB removal in the range of 90.6~98.7%.
miR-17-5p-Mediated RNA Activation Upregulates KPNA2 Expression and Inhibits High-Glucose-Induced Apoptosis of Sheep Granulosa Cells
Authors: Wang Yong , Tian Feng , Yue Sicong , Li Jiuyue , Li Ao , Liu Yang , Liang Jianyong , Gao Yuan , Xue Shuyuan
Published: January 2025

The glucose metabolism homeostasis in the follicular fluid microenvironment plays an important role in follicular maturation and ovulation, and excessively high or low glucose concentrations have adverse effects on the differentiation of follicular granulosa cells (GCs). However, a limited number of microRNAs (miRNA) have been reported to be involved in glucose-stimulated GCs differentiation. In this study, we characterized the miRNA expression profiles of sheep ovarian GCs cultured in high-glucose and optimal glucose concentrations and focused on a differentially expressed miRNA: miR-17-5p, which may be involved in regulating high-glucose-induced GC apoptosis by targeting KPNA2. We found that overexpression of miR-17-5p significantly promoted GCs proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis, while downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of apoptosis-related makers (Bax, Caspase-3, Caspase-9, and Bcl-2). In contrast to the classical mechanism of miRNA silencing target gene expression, miR-17-5p overexpression significantly upregulated the expression of target gene KPNA2. A dual luciferase reporter gene assay verified the targeted binding relationship between miR-17-5p and KPNA2 promoter. Meanwhile, overexpression of KPNA2 further promoted the downregulation of apoptosis-related genes driven by miR-17-5p mimics. Knockdown of KPNA2 blocked the inhibitory effect of miR-17-5p mimics on the expression of apoptosis-related genes. Our results demonstrated that miR-17-5p activated the KPNA2 promoter region and upregulated KPNA2 expression, thereby inhibiting GCs apoptosis under high glucose.
Elamipretide: A Review of Its Structure, Mechanism of Action, and Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Tung Cheryl , Varzideh Fahimeh , Farroni Emanuele , Mone Pasquale , Kansakar Urna , Jankauskas Stanislovas S. , Santulli Gaetano
Published: January 2025

Mitochondria serve an essential metabolic and energetic role in cellular activity, and their dysfunction has been implicated in a wide range of disorders, including cardiovascular conditions, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic syndromes. Mitochondria-targeted therapies, such as Elamipretide (SS-31, MTP-131, Bendavia), have consequently emerged as a topic of scientific and clinical interest. Elamipretide has a unique structure allowing for uptake in a variety of cell types and highly selective mitochondrial targeting. This mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide selectively binds cardiolipin (CL), a lipid found in the inner mitochondrial membrane, thus stabilizing mitochondrial cristae structure, reducing oxidative stress, and enhancing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the protective and restorative efficacy of Elamipretide in models of heart failure, neurodegeneration, ischemia–reperfusion injury, metabolic syndromes, and muscle atrophy and weakness. Clinical trials such as PROGRESS-HF, TAZPOWER, MMPOWER-3, and ReCLAIM elaborate on preclinical findings and highlight the significant therapeutic potential of Elamipretide. Further research may expand its application to other diseases involving mitochondrial dysfunction as well as investigate long-term efficacy and safety of the drug. The following review synthesizes current knowledge of the structure, mechanisms of action, and the promising therapeutic role of Elamipretide in stabilizing mitochondrial fitness, improving mitochondrial bioenergetics, and minimizing oxidative stress.
Small Extracellular Vesicles from Breast Cancer Cells Induce Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Osorio-Méndez Jhon Jairo , Gómez-Grosso Luis Alberto , Montoya-Ortiz Gladis , Novoa-Herrán Susana , Domínguez-Romero Yohana
Published: January 2025

Cardiovascular diseases and cancer are leading global causes of morbidity and mortality, necessitating advances in diagnosis and treatment. Doxorubicin (Doxo), a potent chemotherapy drug, causes long-term heart damage due to cardiotoxicity. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) carry bioactive molecules—such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids—that can modulate gene expression and signaling pathways in recipient cells, including cardiomyocytes. Through the delivery of cytokines, microRNAs, and growth factors, sEVs can influence cell survival, which plays a critical role in the development of cardiotoxicity. This study investigates the role of sEVs derived from breast cancer cells treated or not with Doxo and their potential to induce cardiomyocyte damage, thereby contributing to cardiotoxicity. We isolated sEVs from MCF-7 cells treated or not to Doxo using ultracentrifugation and characterized them through Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Western Blotting (WB) for the markers CD63, CD81, and TSG101. We analyzed cytokine profiles using a Multiplex Assay and Cytokine Membrane Array. We exposed Guinea pig cardiomyocytes to different concentrations of sEVs. We assessed their viability (MTT assay), shortening, reactive oxygen species (ROS–DHE dye) production, mitochondrial membrane potential (JC-1 dye), and calcium dynamics (FLUO-4 dye). We performed statistical analyses, including t-tests, ANOVA, Cohen’s d, and η2 to validate the robustness of the results. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with 0.01 μM Doxorubicin resulted in increased sEVs production, particularly after 48 h of exposure (~1.79 × 108 ± 2.77 × 107 vs. ~5.1 × 107 ± 1.28 × 107 particles/mL, n = 3, p = 0.0019). These sEVs exhibited protein profiles in the 130–25 kDa range and 93–123 nm sizes. They carried cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IFN-γ, and IL-10. Exposure of cardiomyocytes to sEVs (0.025 μg/mL to 2.5 μg/mL) from both Doxo-treated and untreated cells significantly reduced cardiomyocyte viability, shortened cell length by up to 20%, increased ROS production, and disrupted calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial membrane potential, indicating severe cellular stress and cardiotoxicity. These findings suggest that Doxo enhances sEVs production from breast cancer cells, which plays a key role in cardiotoxicity through their cytokine cargo. The study highlights the potential of these sEVs as biomarkers for early cardiotoxicity detection and as therapeutic targets to mitigate cardiovascular risks in chemotherapy patients. Future research should focus on understanding the mechanisms by which Doxorubicin-induced sEVs contribute to cardiotoxicity and exploring their diagnostic and therapeutic potential to improve patient safety and outcomes in cancer therapy.
Special Issue “Molecular Advances and Perspectives of Lung Disease”
Authors: Jiang Jiacheng , Huang Long Shuang
Published: January 2025

Respiratory diseases represent a significant global public health challenge, contributing to high mortality and morbidity rates worldwide [...]
Genomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of the Polyploidy Cyst Nematode, Heterodera trifolii, and Heterodera schachtii
Authors: Subramanian Parthiban , Kim Daegwan , Ko Hyoung-Rai , Sim Joon-Soo , Mani Vimalraj , Lee Chang-Muk , Lee Seon-Kyeong , Park Soyoung , Kim Dong-Gwan , Yu Yeisoo , Hahn Bum-Soo
Published: January 2025

Cyst nematodes remain a major threat to global agricultural production, causing huge losses. To understand the parasitism of the cyst nematodes Heterodera trifolii (HT) and Heterodera schachtii (HS), we constructed whole-genome assemblies using short- and long-read sequencing technologies. The nematode genomes were 379 Mb and 183 Mb in size, with the integrated gene models predicting 40,186 and 18,227 genes in HT and HS, respectively. We found more than half of the genes predicted in HT (64.7%) and HS (53.2%) were collinear to their nearest neighbor H. glycines (HG). Large-scale duplication patterns in HT and segmental duplications of more than half of the orthologous genes indicate that the genome of HT is polyploid in nature. Functional analysis of the genes indicated that 65.6% of the HG genes existed within the HT genome. Most abundant genes in HT and HS were involved in gene regulation, DNA integration, and chemotaxis. Differentially expressed genes showed upregulation of cuticle structural constituent genes during egg and female stages and cytoskeletal motor activity-related genes in juvenile stage 2 (J2). Horizontal gene transfer analyses identified four new vitamin biosynthesis genes, pdxK, pdxH, pdxS, and fabG, of bacterial origin, to be first reported in HT and HS. Mitogenomes of HT, HS, and HG showed similar structure, composition, and codon usage. However, rates of substitution of bases in the gene nad4l were significantly different between HT and HS. The described genomes, transcriptomes, and mitogenomes of plant-parasitic nematodes HT and HS are potential bio-resources used to identify several strategies of control of the nematode.
An Ensemble Framework for Text Classification
Authors: Kamateri Eleni , Salampasis Michail
Published: January 2025

Ensemble learning can improve predictive performance compared to the performance of any of its constituents alone, while keeping computational demands manageable. However, no reference methodology is available for developing ensemble systems. In this paper, we adapt an ensemble framework for patent classification to assist data scientists in creating flexible ensemble architectures for text classification by selecting a finite set of constituent base models from the many available alternatives. We analyze the axes along which someone can select base models of an ensemble system and propose a methodology for combining them. Moreover, we conduct experiments to compare the effectiveness of ensemble systems against base models and state-of-the-art methods on multiple datasets (three patent classification and two text classification datasets), including long and short texts and single- and/or multi-labeled texts. The results verify the generality of our framework and the effectiveness of ensemble systems, especially ensembles of classifiers trained on different data sections/metadata.
Evaluation of Academic Stress Employing Network and Time Series Analysis on EEG Data
Authors: Konstantinidis Ioannis , Avdimiotis Spyros , Sapounidis Theodosios
Published: January 2025

Stress management during examinations is an issue perpetually concerning students at all levels of education. This research endeavor focuses not merely on the plethora of factors associated with stress during examinations but rather focuses primarily on specific emotions developed during written and oral exams, introducing an original method, based on electroencephalograph (EEG) data. In an attempt to address the role of emotions in stress management, we organized an experiment on a sample of 30 postgraduate students, administering the Trier research protocol. The validated Emotiv Epoc+ device was used, while acquired the data were processed using a combined methodology of network and time series analysis applied in three (3) steps. Initially a descriptive analysis was performed based on the extracted frequencies, while in the second phase a network analysis was conducted to understand the extend of coordination between measured emotions (stress, engagement, interest, relaxation, excitement, and focus), using the tools of centrality. Finally, time series analysis was employed to indicate the level of auto- and cross-correlation between stress and other emotions. Our findings show that (eu)stress plays an imperative role in examination success, as long as it normally fluctuates within middle-range values (on a scale 0–100), and is being restrained by other feelings, such as interest, excitement, and focus
Identification of Female Sex Pheromone of a Plant Bug, Polymerus pekinensis Reuter (Hemiptera: Miridae)
Authors: Wang Liuyang , Wang Yubo , Zhang Xiaofang , Fang Meijuan , Mei Xiangdong , Zhang Tao
Published: January 2025

Insect sex pheromones have been widely used in integrated pest control due to their efficiency, non-toxicity, specificity, and environmental sustainability. They are considered a key component of green pest management techniques. Polymerus pekinensis is a phytophagous plant bug on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in East Asia. This study used gas chromatography–electroantennogram detection (GC–EAD) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to analyze the whole-body extracts from male and female P. pekinensis. Octyl acetate (OA) and decyl acetate (DA) elicited the antennal response of males and were identified as the predominant components of female and male extracts, respectively. Subsequent field trials demonstrated that OA (>8 mg per lure) showed the strongest attraction to conspecific males. However, when DA was added in a lure (≥2 mg), a significant decline in captures occurred. These findings provide new insights into the understanding of sex pheromones in Miridae and benefit the development of sustainable management of P. pekinensis.
Comment on Gaspari et al. Blood Purification in Hepatic Dysfunction after Liver Transplant or Extensive Hepatectomy: Far from the Best-Case Scenarios. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 2853
Authors: Riva Ivano , Faenza Stefano , Siniscalchi Antonio , Cerutti Elisabetta , Biancofiore Giandomenico Luigi
Published: January 2025

We read with interest the paper entitled Case Report Blood Purification in Hepatic Dysfunction after Liver Transplant or Extensive Hepatectomy: Far from the Best-Case Scenarios, which was recently published in the Journal of Clinical Medicine [...]
Feasibility of Detecting Fluorescent Marking Clip with Novel Fluorescence Detection System in Minimally Invasive Stomach and Esophageal Surgery
Authors: Wada Hideyuki , Ebihara Yuma , Takano Hironobu , Hayashi Mariko , Nitta Takeo , Shichinohe Toshiaki , Hirano Satoshi
Published: January 2025

Background: Determining the optimal resection line for an organ that cannot be palpated is crucial, but challenging, in minimally invasive gastrointestinal (GI) surgery. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish the most effective method for tumor localization. We hypothesize that our novel near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence detection system will enable the highly accurate detection of fluorescent clips marking GI cancer. Methods: Twenty-five patients with gastric cancer, esophagogastric junctional cancer, or esophageal cancer will be enrolled. NIR fluorescent clips will be placed endoscopically around the tumor on the day before surgery. Patients in whom clip dislodgement is confirmed by preoperative abdominal radiography will be excluded. The clips will be placed before the transection of the organ, and those on the surgical specimen will be observed after transection using both the novel NIR fluorescence detection system and an existing NIR fluorescence imaging system. The detection rate and time, the fluorescence intensity, surgical margins, and adverse events will be evaluated. This study has been registered in the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials, with the code jRCTs012240043. (Expected) Results: As the novel fluorescence detection system allows for higher-sensitivity detection by analyzing the spectral characteristics of fluorescence and measuring the peak values, we anticipate that this new system will detect the fluorescent clips with high accuracy. Conclusions: This study aims to establish a novel tumor-marking method using fluorescent clips and a new detection system that can be easily applied in various medical facilities.
Treatment Options of Prosthetic Joint Infections Following Total Ankle Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review
Authors: Capece Giacomo , Di Gialleonardo Emidio , Comisi Chiara , Bocchino Guido , Cinelli Virginia , Mascio Antonio , Fulchignoni Camillo , Greco Tommaso , Maccauro Giulio , Perisano Carlo
Published: January 2025

Background: This comprehensive systematic review aims to explore and discuss existing treatment modalities for infections in total ankle arthroplasty (TAA), providing insights that may contribute to the establishment of a “standard of care” for these challenging cases. The study analyses the intricate landscape of infected TAA, addressing gaps in the current literature and emphasizing the need to refine treatment strategies. With the reported incidence of periprosthetic joint infection after TAA surpassing rates observed in total hip and knee replacements, the research navigates through various treatment modalities, underscoring the lack of a universally accepted standard of care. Methods: In this systematic review, following PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, we identified 15 papers addressing the management strategies for infected TAA (162 infected ankle arthroplasty cases).These databases were chosen for their extensive coverage, strong relevance to the research topic, and ease of access, ensuring a thorough and focused retrieval of pertinent literature on the treatment of infected ankle prostheses. The review involved the identification and evaluation of articles providing insights into complications, treatment outcomes, and risk factors. Extracted data were summarized and reported. A descriptive analysis was performed, and when feasible, a statistical analysis was conducted. Results: Treatment modalities included irrigation and debridement (48.8%), revision total ankle arthroplasty (36.3%), primary arthrodesis (7.9%), spacer arthroplasty (4.5%), and primary amputation (3.9%). Complication rates varied, with 46.5% for irrigation and debridement, 20% for two-stage revision, 7.14% for primary arthrodesis, and 25% for spacer arthroplasty. Conclusions: The rising prevalence of TAA underscores the need for a definitive treatment protocol due to severe complications. This review emphasizes careful patient selection and accurate diagnosis. Irrigation and debridement are effective for acute infections, while two-stage revision is a valid alternative for chronic infections. High-quality randomized controlled trials are important for establishing an evidence-based treatment protocol.
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy and Ocular Comorbidities
Authors: Samanta Anindya , Driban Matthew , Sahoo Niroj , Parameswarappa Deepika , Singh Sumit Randhir , Caplash Sonny , Mishra Pranjal , Agrawal Rohit , Venkatesh Ramesh , Maltsev Dmitrii S. , Chhablani Jay
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is a common retinopathy that can present with other concurrent diseases; thus, further research into the prevalence of other ocular comorbidities in eyes with CSCR is required. Methods: This retrospective, multicentric, cross-sectional observational study reviewed the charts of 9157 patients. Of them, 579 (6.32%) patients and 766 eyes had an additional ocular comorbidity, in addition to CSCR, in at least one subject eye. Results: The baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of the subjects eyes was 0.49 ± 0.36 logMAR. The average BCVA of subject eyes with coexisting macular diseases was 0.50 logMAR, while the corresponding BCVA of subject eyes with coexisting peripheral disease was 0.55 logMAR. The most prevalent coexisting macular diseases were non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (26.8%), non-exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (7.6%) and hypertensive retinopathy (3.0%). The most prevalent coexisting non-macular diseases were lattice degeneration (8.9%), optic atrophy (5.1%), rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (1.70%) and optic disc pit (1.7%). The odds of having a comorbid disease in the same eye as CSCR were statistically significant for branch retinal vein occlusion (OR 11.56, p-value = 0.02) and non-exudative AMD (OR 2.06; p-value = 0.01); additionally, there was a trend towards significance for idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (OR 4.43; p-value = 0.05) when compared to the eyes without CSCR. Conclusions: Certain diseases are more likely to coexist in eyes with CSCR. Additionally, eyes with CSCR may have statistically significant odds of certain diseases when compared to eyes without CSCR.
One-Year Prognosis for Patients Diagnosed with Acute Coronary Syndrome Compared to Those with Chronic Coronary Syndrome Following Complex Coronary Procedures
Authors: Woźniak Patrycja , Stępień Konrad , Wańha Wojciech , Smukowska-Gorynia Anna , Araszkiewicz Aleksander , Lesiak Maciej , Jędraszak Weronika , Mularek-Kubzdela Tatiana , Iwańczyk Sylwia
Published: January 2025

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains the primary cause of mortality worldwide. Performing complex coronary intervention in patients with ACS is considered a significant factor for worsening prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the prognosis of patients with ACS treated with complex procedures compared to patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS). Methods: Among 980 patients from the Polish Complex Registry, we enrolled 829 consecutive patients who underwent complex percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute or chronic coronary syndrome with a completed one-year follow-up. The primary endpoint is defined as the major adverse cardiac event (MACE) at 12 months, a composite endpoint including all-cause death, target lesion revascularization, target vessel revascularization, and non-fatal myocardial infarction. Results: The incidence of the composite endpoint of MACE at one-year follow-up was comparable between the patients with acute and chronic coronary syndrome who underwent complex PCI (12.4% vs. 7.6%, LogRank p = 0.035). Cox multivariate analysis indicated that ACS is an independent risk factor for death at one-year follow-up. Additionally, age and comorbidities, such as heart failure and chronic kidney disease, along with procedural factors, including lesion length and pre-procedural diameter stenosis, are independent predictors of death in patients with complex lesions. Independent risk factors for MACE at one-year follow-up include age, heart failure, previous PCI, in-stent restenosis, and pre-procedural diameter stenosis. Conclusions: The prognosis of patients with acute and chronic coronary syndrome in the annual follow-up is comparable in the context of cardiovascular events. The clinical presentation of ACS is an independent risk factor for all-cause death.
Stability Comparison of Implants with Alumina Sandblasting and Acid Etching Surface Treatment: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Back Song-I , Chung Myung-Jin , Jeong Ho-Gul , Min Ji-Hyun
Published: January 2025

Objectives: This retrospective cohort study aimed to compare and evaluate the 1-year stability of two Korean implant brands, Osstem and Toplan, both treated with alumina- sandblasting and acid- etching (SA) surface modification. Methods: This retrospective analysis evaluated patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists grade I or II, >20 years, with alveolar bone volume suitable for implant placement, who received immediate or delayed placement after extraction, and with Osstem (n = 57) or Toplan (n = 87) implants. The insertion torque value (ITV) measured on the day of implant placement and the implant stability quotient (ISQ) measured on the day of implant placement, 1 month post-surgery, and 2–3 months after implantation were analyzed. Results: Both implants had significantly increased ISQs over time, and the ISQs did not significantly differ between Osstem and Toplan implants at any time point. Osstem implants showed significantly higher ISQs in D2 than in D3 bone, and in the mandible than in the maxilla at all time points. Toplan implants with diameters >4.0 mm showed higher initial ISQs. Osstem implants showed a significant correlation between ITV and ISQ on the day of placement (r = 0.349, p < 0.01) but not at later time points. For Toplan implants, no significant correlation was confirmed between ITV and ISQ at any time point. At the 1-year follow-up, both implants were still providing functional service. Conclusions: Osstem and Toplan implants with SA surface treatment showed a high level of stability for 1 year, and no significant difference in stability was observed between the two implants. Both implants are considered clinically reliable products.
Reliability and Validity Measures of the Patellofemoral Subscale KOOS-PF in Greek Patients with Patellofemoral Pain
Authors: Moros Ioannis , Boutsikari Eleni C. , Plakoutsis George , Paraskevopoulos Elefterios , Koumantakis George A. , Papandreou Maria
Published: January 2025

Background: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is one of the most common multifactorial musculoskeletal pathologies affecting the knee joint. The prevalence of PFP in the general population ranges from 11% to 17%, with higher rates observed in specific groups such as females, runners, military personnel, and young athletes. To assess symptoms associated with PFP, the patellofemoral subscale (KOOS-PF) was developed, consisting of 11 questions that evaluate pain, stiffness, and quality of life. The KOOS-PF scale has already been validated and shown to be reliable in both its Spanish and Arabic versions. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the KOOS-PF scale in the Greek language among the Greek population with patellofemoral pain. Methods: Fifty-five participants aged 18–65 years who suffered from PFP were evaluated in two phases on the first and third days to determine the reliability and validity of the measures of KOOS-PF in the Greek language. Construct validity was assessed using the knee outcome survey scale—activities of daily living scale (KOS-ADLS). Reliability was measured through repeated measurements (test–retest) using intraclass coefficient correlation (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), and smallest detectable difference (SDD). Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach’s coefficient a. The significance level was set at 5% (α = 0.05). Results: The KOOS-PF measures showed high internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s alpha 0.87, p = 0.05) and high test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.95, p = 0.05, SEM = 3.7, SDC = 13.57). Additionally, the Greek version of the KOOS-PF exhibited high construct validity when correlated with the KOS-ADLS scale (r = 0.72, p = 0.001). Conclusions: The KOOS-PF scale displayed high reliability and construct validity for measuring patellofemoral pain in the Greek population.
Numerical Study on Hydrodynamic Performance and Vortex Dynamics of Multiple Cylinders Under Forced Vibration at Low Reynolds Number
Authors: Shi Fulong , Ou Chuanzhong , Xin Jianjian , Li Wenjie , Jin Qiu , Tian Yu , Zhang Wen
Published: January 2025

Flow around clustered cylinders is widely encountered in engineering applications such as wind energy systems, pipeline transport, and marine engineering. To investigate the hydrodynamic performance and vortex dynamics of multiple cylinders under forced vibration at low Reynolds numbers, with a focus on understanding the interference characteristics in various configurations, this study is based on a self-developed radial basis function iso-surface ghost cell computing platform, which improves the implicit iso-surface interface representation method to track the moving boundaries of multiple cylinders, and employs a self-constructed CPU/GPU heterogeneous parallel acceleration technique for efficient numerical simulations. This study systematically investigates the interference characteristics of multiple cylinder configurations across various parameter domains, including spacing ratios, geometric arrangements, and oscillation modes. A quantitative analysis of key parameters, such as aerodynamic coefficients, dimensionless frequency characteristics, and vorticity field evolution, is performed. This study reveals that, for a dual-cylinder system, there exists a critical gap ratio between X/D = 2.5 and 3, which leads to an increase in the lift and drag coefficients of both cylinders, a reduction in the vortex shedding periodicity, and a disruption of the wake structure. For a three-cylinder system, the lift and drag coefficients of the two upstream cylinders decrease with increasing spacing. On the other hand, this increased spacing results in a rise in the drag of the downstream cylinder. In the case of a four-cylinder system, the drag coefficients of the cylinders located on either side of the flow direction are relatively high. A significant increase in the lift coefficient occurs when the spacing ratio is less than 2.0, while the drag coefficient of the downstream cylinder is minimized. The findings establish a comprehensive theoretical framework for the optimal configuration design and structural optimization of multicylinder systems, while also providing practical guidelines for engineering applications.
Study of Non-Linearities in Humpback Whale Song Units
Authors: Doh Yann , Cazau Dorian , Lamaj Giulia , Mercado Eduardo , Reidenberg Joy S. , Jacobsen Jeff K. , Perazio Christina E. , Ecalle Beverley , Adam Olivier
Published: January 2025

Unique in mammals, the vocal generator of mysticete species comprises membranes covering the two arytenoid cartilages that vibrate as the airflow passes through the trachea from the lungs to the laryngeal sac. By adjusting the airflow as well as the spacing and orientation of the two cartilages, mysticetes control the vibrations and vary acoustic qualities of the produced sounds, including the duration, amplitude, and frequency modulation of vocalizations. Humpback whales control sound production in this way to construct a complex vocal repertoire, including vocalizations with or without harmonics as well as pulsed sounds. Some vocalizations within humpback whale songs, called units, exhibit non-linearities such as frequency jumps and chaos. Here, we further describe non-linear features of units, including two additional non-linearities: subharmonics and biphonation. Subharmonics within units are probably due to higher air flow rates and to the acoustic modes of internal resonators. Biphonic vocalizations are likely generated either by an asymmetric opening of the arytenoid cartilages or by the passage of the air flow at two separate positions along the membranes. Our analyses revealed acoustic non-linearities in vocalizations emitted by six different singers during multiple breeding seasons and from populations in different oceans, suggesting that singing humpback whales often produce units with non-linear features.
Implementation and Feasibility of Mechanomyography in Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery
Authors: Sommer Fabian , Hussain Ibrahim , Willett Noah , Hamad Mousa K. , Ikwuegbuenyi Chibuikem A. , Navarro-Ramirez Rodrigo , Kirnaz Sertac , McGrath Lynn , Goldberg Jacob , Ng Amanda , Mykolajtchuk Catherine , Haber Sam , Sullivan Vincent , Gadjradj Pravesh S. , Härtl Roger
Published: January 2025

Background: Mechanomyography (MMG) is a neurodiagnostic technique with a documented ability to evaluate the compression of nerve roots. Its utility in degenerative spine surgery is unknown. Objective: To assess the utility of intraoperative MMG during cervical posterior foraminotomy, minimally invasive transforaminal interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF), and tubular lumbar far lateral discectomy. Methods: A prospective feasibility study was conducted during which MMG was applied during three procedures. Adhesive accelerometers were placed on two muscle groups per procedure. Stimulus threshold in mA was recorded before and after the decompression of the nerve root. Differences in stimulation thresholds were correlated with operative findings. Results: In total, 22 patients were included in this study; 5 patients underwent cervical foraminotomies, 3 underwent MIS-TLIFs, and 14 underwent tubular far lateral discectomies. For the foraminotomies, all cases showed a reduction in stimulation threshold (mean of 3.4 mA) after decompression. For MIS-TLIF cases, there was a limited reduction in the stimulation threshold after decompression (mean 1.7 mA). For far lateral discectomy, there was a mean reduction of 4.3 mA in the stimulation threshold following decompression. Conclusions: MMG is a method that may provide intraoperative feedback on the decompression of nerve roots. In the context of MIS-TLIF, MMG showed a limited decrease in stimulus threshold. This may be due to the identification of the nerve occurring after decompression is already underway. For cervical foraminotomies and far lateral discectomies, MMG showed promising results in determining adequate decompression of the nerve root.
Dupilumab Effectiveness in Patients with Severe Allergic Asthma Non-Responsive to Omalizumab
Authors: Bagnasco Diego , Bondi Benedetta , Brussino Luisa , Nicola Stefania , Cameli Paolo , Tiotiu Angelica , Guida Giuseppe , Gollinucci Chiara , Visca Dina , Spanevello Antonio , Pini Laura , Caminati Marco , Senna Gianenrico , Caruso Cristiano , Canevari Rikki Frank , Bertolini Melania , Fedele Sara , Mincarini Marcello , Canonica Giorgio Walter , Braido Fulvio ,   on behalf of the SANI group
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Severe allergic asthma is usually treated with omalizumab; however, this drug may not be effective for every patient. By its action, dupilumab could be an alternative in these patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of dupilumab in patients with severe allergic asthma, non-responsive to omalizumab, according to the maintenance of their oral corticosteroid (OCS) dose, an exacerbation rate decrease, or poor control of the disease, despite optimized treatment. Methods: A retrospective analysis of data from severe asthma clinics was performed, observing the efficacy of the switch to dupilumab in patients who experienced a failed treatment with omalizumab. Results: Forty-two patients were included. Dupilumab proved to be effective in patients who experienced a failed omalizumab treatment, with a significant reduction in the exacerbation number and OCS use. Furthermore, remission of the disease, according to the Severe Asthma Network of Italy (SANI) criteria, was achieved in 35 patients, with complete remission in 19 (45%) and partial remission in 16 (38%). The analysis of the predictors of the success of dupilumab therapy in achieving clinical remission, through univariate analysis of the data at baseline, showed that complete remission was more easily reached in patients with concomitant aspirin (ASA) intolerance or in those with nasal polyposis. Conclusions: Dupilumab is an effective drug for the treatment of patients with severe asthma with an allergic component, with better benefits in patients with an ASA intolerance or nasal polyposis.
Audit Quality and Family Ownership: The Mediating Effect of Boards’ Gender Diversity
Authors: Zehri Fatma
Published: January 2025

This paper investigates the critical role of female directors on the boards of Saudi-listed companies and how they influence the relationship between the demand for higher audit quality and family ownership. The results indicate that female directors fully mediate the relationship between audit quality and family ownership. This suggests that the involvement of female directors on boards may enhance the demand for higher audit quality in family-owned firms. These findings corroborate both agency theory, family business, and stakeholder theoretical background. From a practical standpoint, this study offers valuable insights for investors, policymakers, and regulators. It underscores the importance of increasing female representation on the boards of Saudi family-owned firms to promote effective governance and improve organizational transparency.
Accrual-Based Earnings Management in Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions: The Role of Institutional Differences and Geographic Distance
Authors: Dokas Ioannis , Leontidis Christos , Zervoudi Evanthia K.
Published: January 2025

This study investigates how target firms’ accrual-based earnings management affects the likelihood of cross-border mergers and acquisitions completion failure, emphasizing the roles of corruption, legal efficiency, and geographic distance. Using a sample of 496 European target firms involved in cross-border mergers and acquisitions, the analysis reveals a positive association between earnings management and deal withdrawal. While corruption and legal-system efficiency differences alone show no direct impact, their interaction with earnings management increases the likelihood of deal failure, particularly when target firms operate in more corrupt and less legally efficient countries than their acquirers. Geographic distance demonstrates weak evidence of a negative effect on deal completion when combined with increased earnings management levels. These findings underscore the critical role of earnings management in cross-border mergers and acquisitions outcomes, especially under high information asymmetry stemming from institutional differences.
Exploration of Audit Technologies in Public Security Agencies: Empirical Research from Portugal
Authors: Leocádio Diogo , Malheiro Luís , Reis João
Published: January 2025

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in the public sector is driving significant advancements in governance and management, changing the way public organizations operate. In particular, AI technologies have a profound impact on auditing practices, enhancing efficiency and accountability. This article aims to explore how AI can improve audit processes in a Portuguese public security agency, focusing on its transformative potential in streamlining tasks such as data extraction, analysis, and verification. Using a qualitative research approach, the study employs custom Python algorithms to examine the integration of key indicators into the audit process, specifically through the analysis of economic classification and expenditure limits. The findings demonstrate that personalized algorithms can reduce manual workloads, improve accuracy, and strengthen compliance with financial regulations, providing valuable contributions for decision-making. However, challenges such as data privacy and infrastructure investment remain, emphasizing the need for further research. Future studies should focus on adapting AI-based auditing models to various public administration contexts, addressing organizational changes, and advancing public governance.
Cardiovascular Disease and Dialysis: A Review of the Underlying Mechanisms, Methods of Risk Stratification, and Impact of Dialysis Modality Selection on Cardiovascular Outcomes
Authors: Richardson Trey , Gardner Maryn , Salani Megha
Published: January 2025

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). To date, no trial has been adequately powered to evaluate the effects of different dialysis modalities on cardiovascular events or mortality. To properly assess the risks and benefits of each modality for individual patients, it is crucial to understand the unique cardiovascular risk factors in patients undergoing dialysis. This review explores the existing literature on cardiovascular risk assessment in this population. It examines the mechanisms contributing to increased risk, including volume overload, blood pressure abnormalities, mineral bone disorder, vascular calcification, uremia, anemia, and chronic inflammation. Additionally, we discuss data from trials assessing cardiovascular outcomes and compare various dialysis modalities, including in-center hemodialysis, frequent dialysis, nocturnal dialysis, and peritoneal dialysis.
Long-Term Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity and Influencing Factors of Remotely Sensed Regional Heat Island Effect in the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration
Authors: He Yunling , Pu Ning , Zhang Xiaohua , Wu Chunyan , Tang Wu
Published: January 2025

The urban heat island effect (UHI) has become a major challenge for sustainable urban development. In recent decades, the significant development of urban agglomerations has intensified the complex interaction and comprehensive impact of the UHI effect, but the spatiotemporal pattern of regional heat islands has been poorly understood. Based on the land surface temperature (LST) from 2001 to 2020, this study uses the relative land surface temperature (RLST) method to quantify the regional heat island (RHI) of the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration (CYUA) beyond a single city, combines a variety of spatial analysis tools to identify the multi-scale spatiotemporal pattern, and explores the multidimensional driving factors of RHIs. The combined effects of indicators such as urbanization intensity, blue–green space intensity (2D), and building height characteristics (3D) on the mitigation or exacerbation of RHIs are included. The results are as follows: (1) The RHI was significantly enhanced, especially during 2011–2014, when the heat island intensity and influence range expanded rapidly, especially in the core areas such as Kunming and Qujing. (2) The main urban areas of prefecture-level cities have a greater contribution to the RHI, and the intercity heat interaction further intensifies the heat island effect on county-level regions. (3) Different land cover types have different effects on RHI. The human and social factors have a positive effect on the RHI, the blue–green intensity has a strong inhibitory effect, and the cooling effect of blue space is better than that of green space. Topographic and meteorological factors have little influence. To effectively address the challenge of UHI, the CYUA must strengthen the construction of green infrastructure, optimize urban planning, promote energy conservation and emission reduction, and improve climate adaptation planning. This paper discusses the spatiotemporal variation in the heat island effect and the influencing factors from a new regional perspective, which enriches the research content of urban agglomeration thermal environment and improves the research system of the heat island effect.