bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studying the Impact of Urban Management Strategies and Spatiotemporal Dynamics of LULC on Land Surface Temperature and SUHI Formation in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Miky Yehia , Al Shouny Ahmed , Abdallah Ashraf
Published: October 2023

This study focuses on examining the historical trends of the surface urban heat island (SUHI) in relation to land use/cover (LULC) changes in Jeddah City from 2013 to 2022 using Landsat data. To achieve this, various parameters were analyzed, including LULC changes, normalized difference built-up index (NDBI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and LST. During this timeframe, Jeddah City underwent a comprehensive development initiative aimed at demolishing informal and illegal settlements and improving the overall quality of life, aligning with the Kingdom’s 2030 vision. This provides an interesting opportunity to investigate the effect of these urban transformations on the variation, presence, and intensity of SUHIs. Based on the results, a significant positive correlation between the density of built-up and LST was found, while a negative relationship was noticed between NDVI and LST for all time points. Furthermore, a remarkable observation in 2022 was the complete absence of the SUHI phenomenon following the removal of old informal settlements from the city. The outcomes of this study highlight the impact of urban development and hold the potential to uncover environmental imbalances and contribute to the development of strategies to mitigate the negative effects of LULC changes, thereby restraining the rise in LST.
Farmyard Manure Enhances Phytoremediation and Mitigates Pb, Cd, and Drought Stress in Ryegrass
Authors: Nasir Abdul , Khan Muhammad Imran , Asif Muhammad , Nawaz Muhammad Farrakh , Ahmad Irfan
Published: October 2023

Here, a pot experiment was designed to evaluate the phytoremediation potential of ryegrass (Lolium perennne L.) for Pb- and Cd-polluted soils under various drought levels in the presence of farmyard manure (FYM). Three levels of Pb (0, 300, and 600 mg kg−1), Cd (0, 100, and 200 mg kg−1), and drought (field capacity 100, 50, and 30%) as well as two levels of FYM (0 and 1%) were used in this experiment. Results from this study showed a significant decrease (up to 84%) in the overall growth and physiology of ryegrass. A substantial increase in antioxidants (SOD, CAT, and POD) was observed under HMs and drought stress. By the application of FYM, antioxidant activities were significantly reduced. The ryegrass accumulated higher amounts of Pb (up to 150 mg kg−1 in shoots and 193 mg kg−1 in roots) and Cd (up to 71 mg kg−1 in shoots and 92 mg kg−1 in roots) in plant tissues; however, an FYM addition significantly reduced the accumulation of both metals. Furthermore, the results of this research indicated that ryegrass has a promising ability to phytoremediate Pb and Cd, and the addition of FYM may be helpful in enhancing metal stabilization and plant growth despite water constraints.
Exploring the Impacts of COVID-19 and Lockdown on Online Car-Hailing Travel in Shanghai
Authors: Zhou Yixuan , Zhang Lei , Xu Qian , Liu Yixiao , Zhang Yuxin , Wang Xiaoyong
Published: October 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown have caused serious impacts on people’s lives, especially on daily travel like online car-hailing. Understanding the impacts of the pandemic on online car-hailing travel is essential for sustainable urban planning and governance, especially during public health emergencies including COVID-19. However, few studies have delved into the in-depth patterns and interpretations of crowd behaviors and mobility variations resulting from the lockdown, especially from different perspectives. This study attempts to make contributions to this gap by building a three-step method from a macroscopic to mesoscopic perspective. A dataset of online car-hailing trajectories for 15 days in 2018 and 3 special days (before and after the lockdown) in 2022 was used. Detailed analyses of the overall spatiotemporal patterns, the flows between administrative districts, and the four-perspective investigation in the central urban area were conducted. The main findings include a dramatic plunge in ride counts for online car-hailing due to the lockdown and a significant change in human mobility associated with hospitals and traffic hubs. Our study provides insights into the understanding of impacts of COVID-19 and lockdown and hopefully helps with the resilience and sustainability of the city. The workflow might also be inspiring for further studies.
Shifting Pattern Biclustering and Boolean Reasoning Symmetry
Authors: Michalak Marcin , Aguilar-Ruiz Jesús S.
Published: October 2023

There are several goals of the two-dimensional data analysis: one may be interested in searching for groups of similar objects (clustering), another one may be focused on searching for some dependencies between a specified one and other variables (classification, regression, associate rules induction), and finally, some may be interested in serching for well-defined patterns in the data called biclusters. It was already proved that there exists a mathematically proven symmetry between some patterns in the matrix and implicants of data-defined Boolean function. This paper provides the new look for a specific pattern search—the pattern named the δ-shifting pattern. The shifting pattern is interesting, as it accounts for constant fluctuations in data, i.e., it captures situations in which all the values in the pattern move up or down for one dimension, maintaining the range amplitude for all the dimensions. Such a behavior is very common in real data, e.g., in the analysis of gene expression data. In such a domain, a subset of genes might go up or down for a subset of patients or experimental conditions, identifying functionally coherent categories. A δ-shifting pattern meets the necessity of shifting pattern induction together with the bias of the real values acquisition where the original shifts may be disturbed with some outer conditions. Experiments with a real dataset show the potential of our approach at finding biclusters with δ-shifting patterns, providing excellent performance. It was possible to find the 12×9 pattern in the 112×9 input data with MSR=0.00653. The experiments also revealed that δ-shifting patterns are quite difficult to be found by some well-known methods of biclustering, as these are not designed to focus on shifting patterns—results comparable due to MSR had much more variability (in terms of δ) than patterns found with Boolean reasoning.
Exosome Liberation by Human Neutrophils under L-Amino Acid Oxidase of Calloselasma rhodostoma Venom Action
Authors: Serrath Suzanne N. , Pontes Adriana S. , Paloschi Mauro V. , Silva Milena D. S. , Lopes Jéssica A. , Boeno Charles N. , Silva Carolina P. , Santana Hallison M. , Cardozo Daniel G. , Ugarte Andrey V. E. , Magalhães João G. S. , Cruz Larissa F. , Setubal Sulamita S. , Soares Andreimar M. , Cavecci-Mendonça Bruna , Santos Lucilene D. , Zuliani Juliana P.
Published: October 2023

L-Amino acid oxidase (LAAO) is an enzyme found in snake venom that has multifaceted effects, including the generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) during oxidative reactions, leading to various biological and pharmacological outcomes such as apoptosis, cytotoxicity, modulation of platelet aggregation, hemorrhage, and neutrophil activation. Human neutrophils respond to LAAO by enhancing chemotaxis, and phagocytosis, and releasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory mediators. Exosomes cellular nanovesicles play vital roles in intercellular communication, including immune responses. This study investigates the impact of Calloselasma rhodostoma snake venom-derived LAAO (Cr-LAAO) on human neutrophil exosome release, including activation patterns, exosome formation, and content. Neutrophils isolated from healthy donors were stimulated with Cr-LAAO (100 μg/mL) for 3 h, followed by exosome isolation and analysis. Results show that Cr-LAAO induces the release of exosomes with distinct protein content compared to the negative control. Proteomic analysis reveals proteins related to the regulation of immune responses and blood coagulation. This study uncovers Cr-LAAO’s ability to activate human neutrophils, leading to exosome release and facilitating intercellular communication, offering insights into potential therapeutic approaches for inflammatory and immunological disorders.
Prevalence and Molecular Epidemiology of Human Coronaviruses in Africa Prior to the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tambe Lisa Arrah Mbang , Mathobo Phindulo , Munzhedzi Mukhethwa , Bessong Pascal Obong , Mavhandu-Ramarumo Lufuno Grace
Published: October 2023

Coronaviruses, re-emerging in human populations, cause mild or severe acute respiratory diseases, and occasionally epidemics. This study systematically reviewed human coronavirus (HCoVs) infections in Africa prior to the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Forty studies on the prevalence or molecular epidemiology of HCoVs were available from 13/54 African countries (24%). The first published data on HCoV was from South Africa in 2008. Eight studies (20%) reported on HCoV molecular epidemiology. Endemic HCoV prevalence ranged from 0.0% to 18.2%. The prevalence of zoonotic MERS-CoV ranged from 0.0% to 83.5%. Two studies investigated SARS-CoV infection, for which a prevalence of 0.0% was reported. There was heterogeneity in the type of tests used in determining HCoV prevalence. Two studies reported that risk factors for HCoV include exposure to infected animals or humans. The quantity of virologic investigations on HCoV on the African continent was scant, and Africa was not prepared for SARS-CoV-2.
Pteropus vampyrus TRIM40 Is an Interferon-Stimulated Gene That Antagonizes RIG-I-like Receptors
Authors: van Tol Sarah , Hage Adam , Rajsbaum Ricardo , Freiberg Alexander N.
Published: October 2023

Nipah virus (NiV; genus: Henipavirus; family: Paramyxoviridae) naturally infects Old World fruit bats (family Pteropodidae) without causing overt disease. Conversely, NiV infection in humans and other mammals can be lethal. Comparing bat antiviral responses with those of humans may illuminate the mechanisms that facilitate bats’ tolerance. Tripartite motif proteins (TRIMs), a large family of E3-ubiquitin ligases, fine-tune innate antiviral immune responses, and two human TRIMs interact with Henipavirus proteins. We hypothesize that NiV infection induces the expression of an immunosuppressive TRIM in bat, but not human cells, to promote tolerance. Here, we show that TRIM40 is an interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) in pteropodid but not human cells. Knockdown of bat TRIM40 increases gene expression of IFNβ, ISGs, and pro-inflammatory cytokines following poly(I:C) transfection. In Pteropus vampyrus, but not human cells, NiV induces TRIM40 expression within 16 h after infection, and knockdown of TRIM40 correlates with reduced NiV titers as compared to control cells. Bats may have evolved to express TRIM40 in response to viral infections to control immunopathogenesis.
Molecular Characterization of Two Totiviruses from the Commensal Yeast Geotrichum candidum
Authors: Khalifa Mahmoud E. , MacDiarmid Robin M.
Published: October 2023

Mycoviruses can infect many of the major taxa of fungi including yeasts. Mycoviruses in the yeast fungus Geotrichum candidum are not well studied with only three G. candidum-associated viral species characterized to date, all of which belong to the Totiviridae genus Totivirus. In this study, we report the molecular characteristics of another two totiviruses co-infecting isolate Gc6 of G. candidum. The two totiviruses were tentatively named Geotrichum candidum totivirus 2 isolate Gc6 (GcTV2-Gc6) and Geotrichum candidum totivirus 4 isolate Gc6 (GcTV4-Gc6). Both viruses have the typical genome organization of totiviruses comprising two ORFs encoding capsid protein (CP) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) at the N and C termini, respectively. The genomes of GcTV2-Gc6 and GcTV4-Gc6 are 4592 and 4530 bp long, respectively. Both viruses contain the—frameshifting elements and their proteins could be expressed as a single fusion protein. GcTV2-Gc6 is closely related to a totivirus isolated from the same host whereas GcTV4-Gc6 is related to insect-associated totiviruses. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that GcTV2-Gc6 and GcTV4-Gc6 belong to two different sister clades, I-A and I-B, respectively. It is interesting that all viruses identified from G. candidum belong to the genus Totivirus; however, this might be due to the lack of research reporting the characterization of mycoviruses from this fungal host. It is possible that the RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism cannot actively suppress totivirus accumulation in G. candidum Gc6.
Molnupiravir Revisited—Critical Assessment of Studies in Animal Models of COVID-19
Authors: Rasmussen Henrik Berg , Hansen Peter Riis
Published: October 2023

Molnupiravir, a prodrug known for its broad antiviral activity, has demonstrated efficacy in animal models of COVID-19, prompting clinical trials, in which initial results indicated a significant effect against the disease. However, subsequent clinical studies did not confirm these findings, leading to the refusal of molnupiravir for permanent market authorization in many countries. This report critically assessed 22 studies published in 18 reports that investigated the efficacy of molnupiravir in animal models of COVID-19, with the purpose of determining how well the design of these models informed human studies. We found that the administered doses of molnupiravir in most studies involving animal COVID-19 models were disproportionately higher than the dose recommended for human use. Specifically, when adjusted for body surface area, over half of the doses of molnupiravir used in the animal studies exceeded twice the human dose. Direct comparison of reported drug exposure across species after oral administration of molnupiravir indicated that the antiviral efficacy of the dose recommended for human use was underestimated in some animal models and overestimated in others. Frequently, molnupiravir was given prophylactically or shortly after SARS-CoV-2 inoculation in these models, in contrast to clinical trials where such timing is not consistently achieved. Furthermore, the recommended five-day treatment duration for humans was exceeded in several animal studies. Collectively, we suggest that design elements in the animal studies under examination contributed to a preference favoring molnupiravir, and thus inflated expectations for its efficacy against COVID-19. Addressing these elements may offer strategies to enhance the clinical efficacy of molnupiravir for the treatment of COVID-19. Such strategies include dose increment, early treatment initiation, administration by inhalation, and use of the drug in antiviral combination therapy.
A Method to Generate and Rescue Recombinant Adenovirus Devoid of Replication-Competent Particles in Animal-Origin-Free Culture Medium
Authors: Elahi Seyyed Mehdy , Jiang Jennifer , Nazemi-Moghaddam Nazila , Gilbert Rénald
Published: October 2023

Adenoviruses are promising vectors for vaccine production and gene therapy. Despite all the efforts in removing animal-derived components such as fetal bovine serum (FBS) during the production of adenovirus vector (AdV), FBS is still frequently employed in the early stages of production. Conventionally, first-generation AdVs (E1 deleted) are generated in different variants of adherent HEK293 cells, and plaque purification (if needed) is performed in adherent cell lines in the presence of FBS. In this study, we generated an AdV stock in SF-BMAdR (A549 cells adapted to suspension culture in serum-free medium). We also developed a limiting dilution method using the same cell line to replace the plaque purification assay. By combining these two technologies, we were able to completely remove the need for FBS from the process of generating and producing AdVs. In addition, we demonstrated that the purified AdV stock is free of any replication-competent adenovirus (RCA). Furthermore, we demonstrated that our limiting dilution method could effectively rescue an AdV from a stock that is highly contaminated with RCA.
Numerical Simulation Study on the Distribution Characteristics of Precipitation Seepage Field in Water-Rich Ultra-Thick Sand and Gravel Layer
Authors: Li Da , Cheng Shukai , Liu Ningyi , Liu Zhongxin , Sun Yinghao
Published: October 2023

The distribution characteristics of a seepage field generated by precipitation affects the deformation damage of the geological body and engineering geological stability, especially a seepage field with a water-rich ultra-thick sand and gravel layer. In order to study the seepage field distribution characteristics of a water-rich ultra-thick sand and gravel layer, taking Luoyang Metro Line 1 as the engineering background, combined with the actual monitoring data of on-site precipitation, numerical simulation was used to study the seepage characteristics of the pit project precipitation with a suspended water-stop curtain. Through the study, the distribution characteristics of the seepage field under different precipitation depths and aquifer thicknesses were obtained, and the changes in pore water pressure characteristics, flow velocity and water inflow, depending on the precipitation depth and aquifer thickness, were analyzed. The research results show that, when comparing the calculated and measured results of the water level drop in the foundation pit, the average value of the error of the water level drop value in the pit and the descending well is 11.7%, which indicates that the calculation model meets the needs for its use in calculation and analysis. Under the conditions of a suspended water-stop curtain and precipitation, for the pore water pressure characteristics, the variation amplitude of the pore water pressure inside the pit increases with the precipitation depth and aquifer thickness. For the maximum flow velocity, all characteristics are present at the bottom of the suspended water-stop curtain, near the inside of the pit. The maximum flow velocity increases linearly with the precipitation depth and there is a threshold when the aquifer thickness is five times the precipitation depth. For water inflow, it increases with the increase in the precipitation depth and aquifer thickness, but, with a continuous increase in the aquifer thickness, the magnitude of water inflow growth decreases.
Numerical Study on the Influence of Aquitard Layer Distribution and Permeability Parameters on Foundation Pit Dewatering
Authors: Wang Jinguo , Ma Zhiheng , Zeng Jiale , Chen Zhou , Li Guoqing
Published: October 2023

Evaluating the influence of geologic features on dewatering efficiency, particularly within strata of varying permeability, is critical to optimizing dewatering designs for deep excavations. In river valley areas, river sedimentation results in a discontinuous distribution of relatively aquitard layers (clay layers). The evaluation and calculation of the distribution and permeability parameters for foundation pit dewatering are very important when on-site geological data are insufficient. For this purpose, the deep excavation pit on the right bank and floodplain of Chongjiang River is taken as an example in this article. A three-dimensional groundwater flow model was constructed using the Unstructured Grid (MODFLOW-USG) software package version 1. The model was carefully calibrated using hydrogeologic features and observed groundwater levels to ensure its reliability. The simulation results effectively reproduce actual dewatering processes. The study reveals the following findings: (1) Increased aquitard layers (clay layer) enhance the barrier effect, thereby improving dewatering efficiency. (2) Increased clay layer permeability and storage coefficients reduce dewatering efficiency, while the specific yield of the clay layer has less pronounced effects. (3) Due to the discontinuous nature of the clay layer, dewatering rates are higher when the clay layer is below the riverbed than when it is in the flow boundary area (foothills).
The Role of Geomorphology on Flood Propagation in a Large Tropical River: The Peculiar Case of the Araguaia River, Brazil
Authors: Suizu Tainá Medeiros , Latrubesse Edgardo Manuel , Bayer Maximiliano
Published: October 2023

In large rivers, floods are affected by the mosaic of geomorphic and geologic settings of the fluvial corridor. Here, we assess the role of geomorphology on the downstream flood dynamics of the Araguaia River, the largest free-flowing river in Central Brazil. The study integrates and advances existing flood-type classifications. We assess the factors that govern flood hydrograph properties and their downstream propagation by using flow time series, conducting statistical analysis, and evaluating geomorphic and flood metrics. Our findings highlight the role of geomorphology in the transmission of floods. In the upper and lowermost fluvial segments, the geological characteristics of the valley are a major factor. In the intermediate section, two main factors modulate the floods. The wide and complex floodplain plays a major role through storage and buffer effect for floods, and water diversion from the main system to a huge abandoned channel by avulsion governs seasonal flow transfers. The Araguaia is the most geodiverse floodplain of the Amazon–Cerrado ecotone, and floods play a fundamental ecological role in the river–floodplain environments. The combination of diverse factors controlling the flood mechanisms has to be considered when implementing conservation plans for the fluvial corridor and effective river management strategies.
Reconstruction of Snow Cover in Kaidu River Basin via Snow Grain Size Gap-Filling Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Zhu Linglong , Ma Guangyi , Zhang Yonghong , Wang Jiangeng , Kan Xi
Published: October 2023

Fine spatiotemporal resolution snow monitoring at the watershed scale is crucial for the management of snow water resources. This research proposes a cloud removal algorithm via snow grain size (SGS) gap-filling based on a space–time extra tree, which aims to address the issue of cloud occlusion that limits the coverage and time resolution of long-time series snow products. To fully characterize the geomorphic characteristics and snow duration time of the Kaidu River Basin (KRB), we designed dimensional data that incorporate spatiotemporal information. Combining other geographic and snow phenological information as input for estimating SGS. A spatiotemporal extreme tree model was constructed and trained to simulate the nonlinear mapping relationship between multidimensional inputs and SGS. The estimation results of SGS can characterize the snow cover under clouds. This study found that when the cloud cover is less than 70%, the model’s estimation of SGS meets expectations, and snow cover reconstruction achieves good results. In specific cloud removal cases, compared to traditional spatiotemporal filtering and multi-sensor fusion, the proposed method has better detail characterization ability and exhibits better performance in snow cover reconstruction and cloud removal in complex mountainous environments. Overall, from 2000 to 2020, 66.75% of snow products successfully removed cloud coverage. This resulted in a decrease in the annual average cloud coverage rate from 52.46% to 34.41% when compared with the MOD10A1 snow product. Additionally, there was an increase in snow coverage rate from 21.52% to 33.84%. This improvement in cloud removal greatly enhanced the time resolution of snow cover data without compromising the accuracy of snow identification.
Spatial Effects of NAO on Temperature and Precipitation Anomalies in Italy
Authors: Gentilucci Matteo , Domenicucci Sofia , Barbieri Maurizio , Hamed Younes , Hadji Riheb , Missaoui Rim , Pambianchi Gilberto
Published: October 2023

The NAO teleconnective pattern has a great influence on the European climate; however, the exact quantification of NAO pattern in the different areas is sometimes lacking, and at other times, highlights even large differences between the various studies. This motivation led to the identification of the aim of this research in the study of the relationship between the NAO index and temperature and precipitation anomalies over the period 1991–2020, through the analysis of 87 rain gauges and 86 thermometric stations distributed as homogeneously as possible over the Italian territory. The results were sometimes at odds with the scientific literature on the subject, as significance was also found outside the winter season, e.g., in the spring for temperatures and in the autumn for precipitation, and in some cases, correlations were found, especially in August, even in southern Italy, which is usually considered a poorly correlated area. In addition, the linear relationship between the NAO index and temperature and precipitation anomalies was verified, with many weather stations obtaining significant coefficients of determinations as high as 0.5–0.6 in December, with 29 degrees of freedom, and a p-value set at 95%. Finally, for both climatic parameters, the presence of clusters and outliers at seasonal and monthly levels was assessed, obtaining a spatial distribution using the local Moran index, and summarising them in maps. This analysis highlighted important clusters in Northern and Central Italy, while clusters in the summer months occur in the South. These results provide information that may further elucidate local atmospheric dynamics in relation to NAO phases, as well as encourage future studies that may link other teleconnective indices aimed at better explaining the variance of climate parameters.
Water–Rock Interactions, Genesis Mechanism, and Mineral Scaling of Geothermal Waters in Northwestern Sichuan, SW China
Authors: Lv Guosen , Zhang Xu , Wei Denghui , Yu Zhongyou , Yuan Xingcheng , Sun Minglu , Kong Xiangxinyu , Zhang Yunhui
Published: October 2023

Geothermal resources are the vital renewable energy for resolving energy crisis and environmental deterioration. Understanding hydrogeochemical processes, genesis mechanisms and scaling trends is crucial for securing the sustainable utilization of geothermal resources. In this study, fourteen geothermal waters were collected for hydrochemical and δ2H–δ18O isotopic analyses in northwestern Sichuan, SW China to clarify hydrogeochemical processes, genesis mechanisms, and scaling trends. Geothermal waters were recharged via atmospheric precipitation. Three different types of geothermal waters were identified using a piper diagram. Class 1 geothermal water with HCO3–Na and HCO3–SO4–Na types formed in the contact zone with Yanshanian intrusions and heated by residual radioactive heat. The hydrochemical processes were sodium/potassium silicate dissolution and positive cation–exchange. Class 2 geothermal water with HCO3–Ca and HCO3–Ca–Mg type was carbonate–type and heated by geothermal gradient. The dissolution of carbonate minerals dominated the hydrochemical process. Class 3 geothermal water with the SO4–Ca–Mg type was determined within deep faults. The dissolution of carbonatite and gypsum minerals and the oxidation of sulfides played a vital role in the hydrochemical process. The reservoir temperatures of geothermal waters followed the orders of Class 1 (74.9–137.6 °C) > Class 3 (85.9–100 °C) > Class 2 (38.7–93.5 °C). Calcium carbonate scaling should be paid attention to in Class1 and Class 3 geothermal water, and calcium sulfate scaling merely occurs in Class 3 geothermal water. This study provides vital information for geothermal exploitation in western Sichuan and other similar areas.
Microbiological and Physicochemical Quality of Groundwater and Risk Factors for Its Pollution in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Authors: Traoré Oumar , Kpoda Dissinviel Stéphane , Dembélé René , Saba Courage Kosi Setsoafia , Cairns Johannes , Barro Nicolas , Haukka Kaisa
Published: October 2023

Ouagadougou is a city with three million inhabitants and an increasing demand for water of sufficient quality. New boreholes are drilled to match demand, but their protection from anthropogenic contamination is insufficient. To assess the quality of urban groundwater in Ouagadougou for the first time, a total of 32 borehole water samples were collected and assessed for bacteriological and physicochemical features using established methods. Health risk inspections and hazard assessments were undertaken at sampling sites to identify potential hazards and contributing factors. Statistical analysis was used to identify associations between risk factors and water pollution. The study revealed poor quality of groundwater in Ouagadougou with major nonconformities related to total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and turbidity. Water samples from 19 boreholes (59%) were contaminated with coliforms, and 11 (34%) with E. coli. Additionally, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus, and anaerobic sulphite-reducing bacterial spores were detected. Deviations from physicochemical quality requirements were observed for water turbidity, pH, nitrate, fluorine, and iron. Risk analysis showed the major high-risk practices to be sludge spreading or having a garbage heap, a latrine, a septic tank, or dirty water near a borehole. Based on these results, for public health protection, authorities must take strict measures to prohibit such practices around these important sources of drinking water in Ouagadougou.
Evolution of Preservation Donor Blood and its Erythrocyte Components Under Positive Temperature Conditions (to the 90th Anniversary of the Method Application in the Blood Service in Belarus)
Authors: Гольдинберг Б.М. , Климович О.В.
Published: October 2023

Цель. Обобщить предшествующий исторический опыт применения в Беларуси методов консервирования крови и ее компонентов. Материалы и методы. Материалом исследования стали как литературные источники о разработках и применении стабилизаторов крови в мировом масштабе, так и статистические данные в Беларуси. Проведен сравнительный анализ применения прописей консервирующих средств и методов с оценкой их клинической эффективности при оказании трансфузиологической помощи. Результаты. Проведен исторический обзор применения методов консервирования донорской крови, ее эритроцитных компонентов при положительном температурном режиме на протяжении 1932–2022 годов в Беларуси. Обсуждены достоинства заготовки посмертной крови, которая практиковалась с 1935 по 1972 г. в Беларуси (Жлобин, Минск, Гомель), и возможные перспективы возврата к нему при ортотопической трансплантации печени. Описан опыт применения отечественного препарата M-1-фосфат целлюлозы для заготовки сорбентной донорской крови. Выводы. Наряду с общими тенденциями применения рецептуры консервирующих растворов донорской крови, ее эритроцитных компонентов, применявшихся в СССР и в постсоветское время, в национальной службе крови имелись собственные разработки методов заготовки крови, в том числе посмертной и донорской.

Purpose. To summarize the previous historical experience of using methods of preserving blood and its components in Belarus. Materials and methods. The material of the study became literary sources on the development and use of blood stabilizers both on a global scale and statistical data in Belarus. A comparative analysis of the use of prescriptions of preservatives and methods with an assessment of their clinical effectiveness in the provision of transfusiological care have been carried out. Results. A historical review of the applying methods of preservation donor blood and its erythrocyte components under positive temperature conditions during 1932–2022 in Belarus has been carried out. The advantages of postmortem blood banking practiced from 1935 to 1972 in Belarus (Zhlobin, Minsk, Gomel) and possible prospects for returning to it during orthotopic liver transplantation have been discussed. The experience of using the domestic drug M-1-cellulose phosphate for sorbent donor blood banking has been described. Conclusions. Along with the general trends in the use of formulations of preservative solutions of donor blood and its erythrocyte components used in the fomer USSR and in the post-Soviet period, the national blood Service had its own development of methods of blood banking, including postmortem and donor ones.
Dynasty and Alchemy or a Brief Foray into the Evolution of the Cello
Authors: PAPA FILIP CRISTIAN
Published: October 2023

The beginnings of scientific research in this field date back to the 16th century, when the first treatise on the subject was published. At the beginning of said century, the ancestor of string instruments - the fiddle - was gradually replaced by the lyre, an instrument developed in the first and kept in use until the middle of the following century. The Italian schools of luthiers, through members of the famous Amati, Guarneri and Stradivarius families, made an essential contribution to the present form of string instruments. The cello is considered to be the lowest sounding instrument of the violin family, its Italian name “violoncello” including both the superlative suffix“-one”, and the diminutive “ello” – “a big little violin” in translation. The term “violoncello” was used more often in publications of the late 17th century, although the earlier term “violone” persisted until the end of the following century. The basic, Stradivarius-standardized form of the cello was very little changed in the 19th century. Cello manufacture continued to be based on Italian models, particularly Stradivarius Type B. The question “Quo vadis the performance and composition dedicated to it?” is a recurring one in this century, marked by the rapid pace at wich all aspects of social, cultural and artistic life evolve. It is with joy, pride and hope that we can answer that the future of the cello and of violin performance is in good hands, both nationally and internationally, as long as musical art endures...
Dan Dediu Siluete în mișcare. Eseuri despre compozitori români [Silhouettes in movement. Essays about Romanian composers]
Authors: VASILIU LAURA-OTILIA
Published: October 2023

The silhouettes in movement of the twenty-two Romanian composers, selected by the author from all the generations after 1960, were profiled in time as a consequence of repeated artistic perceptions and sensible human contacts; but especially in virtue of a unique skill of penetrating reflection doubled by a passion for relevant, singular literary expression. [...]
ALMANYA’DAKİ TÜRK İŞÇİLERİN ANAVATANA BAĞIŞLARININ TÜRKİYE’NİN SOSYOEKONOMİK KALKINMASINDAKİ ROLÜ (1961-1980)
Authors: YILMAZ Duygu
Published: October 2023

Göç, insanların yaşadığı coğrafyadan ayrılarak barış, güvenlik, çalışma gibi imkanlara kavuşacağı coğrafyaya taşındığı bir nüfus hareketliliğidir. II. Dünya Savaşı’nın ardından Avrupa’da oluşan işgücü açığı 1960’lı yılların başına kadar giderek artmış, bu gelişme Türkiye’yi yakından ilgilendirmiştir. Türkiye, Batı Avrupa ülkeleri başta olmak üzere yurtdışına işçi göndermiştir. Ekonomik kalkınma sürecini düşük ücretle çalışacak işçi göçüyle hızlandırmak isteyen Almanya’nın Türkiye’yle bağlantısı, 1961’de kurulmuştur. Karşılıklı beklentilerle şekillenen bu hareketlilikte Türkiye, işsizlik sorununa çare arayışı içerisindedir. Türk vatandaşların daha iyi yaşam koşulları için Almanya’ya göç etmesi, Türkiye ekonomisi için yeni bir kaynak yaratmıştır: Bağışlar. Almanya’da yaşayan Türk işçiler, Türkiye’nin çeşitli bölgelerine gönderdikleri bağışlarla yerelde sosyal ve ekonomik kalkınmaya katkı sağlamışlardır. Bu bağış, ya ücra bir köyde okul açılmasına hizmet etmiş ya bir sağlık merkezinin ihtiyacını gidermiş veyahut yoksullara yardım amacıyla kurulan derneklere kaynak olmuştur. Bunlarla birlikte Almanya’daki Türk işçilerin gönderdikleri bağışlarla bir köy camisinin ihtiyaçları karşılanmıştır. Bu etkileşim, göçmen işçinin anayurduyla bağını korumuştur. Bu çalışmada; 1961’de Almanya ile Türkiye arasında imzalanan işgücü antlaşması ile başlayan Almanya’ya işçi göçünün sosyoekonomik anlamda Türkiye üzerindeki etkileri konu edilmiştir.

Almanya’daki işçilerin bağışlar yoluyla Türkiye’nin kalkınmasında oynadığı rolün değerlendirildiği çalışmada, tarihsel yöntem kullanılmıştır. Tarihsel yöntem çerçevesinde veriler, doküman incelemesine tabi tutulmuştur. Araştırma verilerinin toplanması ve analizi olarak tanımlanan doküman incelemesinde, 1961’den 1980’lere uzanan süreçte, Almanya’daki Türk işçilerin Türkiye’ye gönderdiği bağışlar, örnekler dikkate alınarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın içeriği, Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Cumhuriyet Arşivi’nden elde edilen belgeler ve konu hakkında yazılmış birinci el kaynaklarla desteklenerek oluşturulmuştur. Ayrıca gazeteler de kaynak açısından çalışmayı desteklemiştir.
BİR SOSYAL KONTROL ARACI OLARAK DİN ve YENİ MEDYA
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Nur
Published: October 2023

Sosyal kontrol, bireylerin sosyal değerlere uygun biçimde davranmasını sağlayarak sosyal değerlerin ve normların gelecek nesillere aktarılmasını ve zamanın şartlarına uygun olarak yeniden üretilmesini sağlayan bir mekanizmadır. Geçmişten günümüze bakıldığı zaman din toplumların en önemli sosyal kontrol araçlarından birisi olmuştur. Din, toplum vasıtasıyla bireyleri kontrol etmektedir. Bu sayede dinin en önemli işlevi olan sosyal kontrol gerçekleştirilmiş olur. Günümüze gelindiğinde ise dinin yanı sıra yeni medya da önemli sosyal kontrol araçlarından birisi haline gelmiştir. Din ve yeni medya günümüz toplumların da önemini koruyan sosyal kontrol araçları olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadırlar. Özellikle dinin mahrem olarak nitelendirdiği konularda yeni medya araçlarında paylaşımlar yapılması sosyal kontrolün din ve yeni medya bağlamında ele alınması gerektiğini gözler önüne sermektedir. Bu bağlamda yeni medya ile yeniden üretime tabi tutulan hayatımıza yansımaları ele alınırken dindarlık anlayışının ve mahremiyet algısının değişime uğradığı görülmektedir. Literatür taraması şeklinde gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmanın kapsamı, sosyal kontrolde baskın rol oynayan yeni medya ve dinin gündelik yaşamımız üzerindeki etkilerini izah etmektir.
Characteristics and Level of Dependence of Stroke Patients at dr. Soekardjo Hospital, Tasikmalaya
Authors: Teti Agustin  , Robby Asep , Eri Triana Ramadhan
Published: October 2023

Stroke is an acute global and focal brain function disorder caused by obstruction of blood circulation to the brain where there is a blockage or rupture of blood vessels in the brain, so that the supply of oxygen and nutrients is disrupted. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of dependence of stroke patients undergoing treatment in the Melati 2B room at RSUD dr. Soekardjo City of Tasikmalaya. This research method is descriptive quantitative with a population of stroke sufferers in the jasmine room 2B RSUD dr. Soekardjo City of Tasikmalaya. The sampling technique used accidental sampling, namely as many as 5 people. Based on the results of the study it was known that the characteristics of the respondents were: male sex as many as 3 people (60%) and women as many as 2 people (40%). The results of this study indicated that there were 3 respondents with a partial care dependency level (60%), respondents with a total care dependence level of 2 respondents (40%), while there were no respondents with a minimal care dependency level.
Interdialytic Exercise Reduces Fatigue in Chronic Kidney Failure Patients: Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Wayunah Wayunah , Wiwin Nur Aeni  , Aulia Faturrohman  , Muhammad Saefulloh
Published: October 2023

Hemodialysis therapy that is carried out for a long time can cause physical stress in the form of fatigue and have an impact on the patient’s quality of life. Giving intradialytic exercise intervention is believed to reduce the level of fatigue. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of intradialytic exercise on the level of fatigue in chronic kidney failure patients undergoing hemodialysis. This study used a systematic literature review method based on data from Google Schoolar, Garuda, Science Direct, and the Directory of Open Access Journal (DOAJ), by including key words are fatigue, chronic kidney failure, hemodialysisi, and intradialytic exercise. Article were selected through screening according to inclusion criteria, including publications within the last 10 years (2011 – 2022), original articles, Indonesian and English, descriptive analytic study types, and quasi experiments. The results show that Intradialytic exercises applied include breathing exercise, Range of Motion (ROM), slow deep breathing, Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR), Pursed Lip Breathing and Physical Exercise. Based on the 9 articles found that intradialytic exercise has an effect on the level of fatigue. The average p-value <0.05, the average post-test fatigue score is smaller than the pre=test, the smaller the average value fatigue score then the level of fatigue decreases. In conclusion, Intradialytic exercise affects the fatigue level of chronic kidney failure patients undergoing hemodialysis. Suggestions are given to HD nurses to be able to implement an intradialytic exercise intervention in patients undergoing hemodialysis to reduce fatigue.
An Overview Of Cases Of Violence Against Women And Children In Tasikmalaya City
Authors: Sholihat Neni , Miftahul Falah  , Rossy Rosnawanti  , Heri Budiawan
Published: October 2023

Since 1984, the Government of Indonesia has shown its concern for issues of women's empowerment and child protection. There are no fewer than a dozen policies issued by the government to manage and prevent incidents of violence against women and children. The city of Tasikmalaya is one of the cities that already has a mayoral regulation to manage this issue, by issuing mayoral regulation no. 102 of 2016 concerning woman empowerment and child protection. But, from year to year, the number of cases of violence against women and children is increasing, both quantitatively and qualitatively, with increasingly diverse types of violence. The purpose of this study was to see an overview of cases of violence against women and children in Tasikmalaya city. The Descriptive method with cross sectional approach was used in this study.  The results showed that the most common type of violence was sexual harassment, with the most victims of violence being women, with the highest level of education of victim being elementary and junior high school, and the relationship between the perpetrator and the victim was mostly family, with the scene of the incident in the neighbourhood or a place known to the victim. In conclusion, female gender, elementary and junior high school education, and family are a real picture related to cases of violence against women and children in Tasikmalaya. It is recommended that socialization regarding the prevention of violence against women and children be carried out continuously. Improve the competence of officers who provide women and child protection services and periodic monitoring of service activities by including physical evidence of reporting as well.
FOREIGN POLICY OF ANGELA MERKEL IN SCOPE OF RUSSIAN-GERMAN RELATIONS
Authors: Merkulov A.L.
Published: October 2023

The interrelations of Russia and Germany are widely regarded as having the fundamental meaning for European security and the entire constitution of the West. While some people tend to believe in the reliability of Germany as the USA partner and its so-called Westbindung as a whole - because of its relations with the Russian Federation, others point to the leading role of Germany in the European foreign policy, while still others see German-Russian relations as a common barometer of conflict and co-operation in Europe. How Germany chooses to approach Russia and how it deals with the crisis in Ukraine in particular are questions that underlie several possible visions of the future European order.
An Evaluation of Sustainable Public Services in Light of Turkstat Data on The 100TH Anniversary of The Turkish Republic
Authors: YIKILMAZ İbrahim
Published: October 2023

Diversifying the expectations of internal and external stakeholders, as well as increasing consumption, require a management practice that takes into account both the use of current resources and the needs of future generations. This situation has been addressed by the participating countries, which have implemented a number of regulations to support the global implementation of the sustainability vision. Although targets and regulations may be established, the primary actor responsible for implementing and achieving sustainability is public institutions. These institutions serve a large group of people and utilize resources on a large scale. The sustainable service delivery performance of public institutions has a direct impact on the welfare and future of society. Sustainable public service is the process of implementing management practices that effectively and efficiently utilize available resources to meet the needs of both today and tomorrow's generations while preserving those resources for future use. This study examines citizen satisfaction levels as a concrete indicator of public service performance in various service areas between 2003 and 2022, in the context of the 100-year achievements of the Republic of Turkey. TUIK data was used and associated with the UN 2030 Sustainability Goals. Based on the data, it was determined that the highest level of general satisfaction is in public security services, while the lowest is in pavement and sidewalk, education, and greenbelt services. To address low satisfaction, it is urgent to develop innovative, digital, and smart solutions and systems in education, network water, sewer services, waste collection, and mass public transportation. Additionally, developing new policies and practices to increase the number of green spaces and improve satisfaction in health services, which have recently decreased, would be appropriate for sustainable public service delivery and welfare in the second century of the Republic of Turkey.
Intervention and Responding to Internet Addiction of Minors Under the Perspective of Community Policing
Authors: Wu Jieli , Miao Ying
Published: October 2023

With the increasing popularity of Internet use among minors in China, more and more minors appear to use the Internet excessively and even become addicted to it. Community policing, as an important force of community collaborative governance, plays an irreplaceable role in intervening and responding to juvenile Internet addiction behaviors. In the practice of community policing, it is found that the prevention and suppression of minors’ Internet addiction behavior also needs the information-sharing, coordination and cogovernance of multiple social actors.

This paper collects the work of the community police in preventing and curbing the excessive use of the Internet by minors, focusing on profile of Internet-addicted minors, definition, causes and harmful consequences of such deviant behavior. At the same time, based on the deviant behavior theory and the practical experience of community policing, this paper, from two aspects of prevention and suppression, aims to further improve the on-going collaborative intervention mechanism of «police-home-school-community» through sharing, coordination and co-governance directed against minors’ Internet addiction.