bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF GIVING MIXED INSECTICIDE CARBOFURAN IN COW FECES TOWARDS CONSUMPTION RATE AND ASSIMILATION EFFICIENCY EARTHWORM Pheretima javanica Gates
Authors: Nofyan Erwin , Lamin Syafrina , Patriot Innocenthya Tygra
Published: March 2017

Research about “Giving a mixture of Insecticide Carbofuran in cow feces to the Rate of Consumption and the Efficiency of Absorption on Land Worm Pheretima javanica Gates was held on June to August 2016 at Animal Physiology Laboratorium, Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Sriwijaya University, Indralaya, Ogan Ilir, South Sumatera. The purpose of this research is to learn the effect of Insecticide Carbofuran to the rate of consumption and the efficiency of absorption on land worm Pheretima javanica Gates. Contribution of this research gives the information to farmer about the effect of insecticide carbofuran to non-target animal, especially to land worm Pheretima javanica Gates. This research used Completely Randomized Design with 6 treatments and 5 times repetition. Treatment that was given to sample are the insecticide carbofuran with concentration of  0 % (control); 0.1% ;  0.2 % ; 0.3 % ;  0.4 % ; 0.5 %. Data analysis was using Varians Analysis. If there was real difference then data analysis continued with The Duncan Test on level of confidence of  95%. The results of this research show us that several concentration of insecticide carbofuran have the real effect to the average of consumption rate and the efficiency of absorption. The lowest average of consumption rate on land worm  Pheretima javanica is on concentration of 0,5 % (0.23 ± 0.02  mg/g day) and the highest average of consumption rate on land worm  Pheretima javanica is on concentration of 0% (control) (2.53 ± 0.05 mg/g day). The lowest average of absorption efficiency on land worm  Pheretima javanica is on concentration of 0 % (control) (40.78  ± 2.56 % )and the highest average of absorption efficiency on land worm  Pheretima javanica is on concentration of 0,5 % (70.76  ± 3.67 %).  Keywords: carbofuran, the rate of consumption, the efficiency of absorption, Pheretima javanica Gates.
A ciência e os riscos ambientais vinculados ao sistema agroalimentar moderno
Authors: Azevedo Elaine De
Published: March 2017

O objetivo deste estudo conceitual é compilar algumas discussões que envolvem a ciência e os riscos vinculados ao sistema agroalimentar que emergiram já na década de 1990 e continuam a promover férteis discussões sociológicas uma vez que novos riscos continuam a aparecer. Para cumprir tal objetivo, foram mobilizados autores da Sociologia Ambiental e da abordagem construtivista dos riscos, além de referências de diversos riscos alimentares. A legitimação desses riscos, resultado de um complexo e heterogêneo processo de definição, negociação e legitimação em arenas públicas e privadas, envolve diferentes atores. Entretanto, neste artigo, a ciência será explorada como ator central, devido a sua grande influência sobre as decisões e sobre as políticas públicas de riscos ambientais ligadas ao sistema agroalimentar moderno e ao seu papel frente à legitimação dos mesmos. O estudo mostra que a avaliação dos riscos alimentares é complexa e multifacetada, e sua interpretação e construção são contestáveis e frequentemente partidárias, uma vez que os vários grupos envolvidos usam a linguagem da ciência para defender seus interesses. Para minimizar tais problemas, sugerem-se pesquisas de caráter inter e transdisciplinar para ampliar a visão reducionista que impera nos estudos de riscos alimentares, bem como novas relações entre as racionalidades científica e social, e a adoção de uma abordagem situacional para essas preocupações. Destacam-se a necessidade de estudos locais que se debrucem sobre a arena sociológica de riscos alimentares e o papel dos seus diferentes atores que permitam embasar ações de controle de riscos alimentares, aperfeiçoar mercados consumidores e estimular sistemas agroalimentares preocupados com a segurança alimentar e nutricional.
O conceito de ecossistema, a ideia de equilíbrio e o movimento ambientalista
Authors: Viglio José Eduardo , Ferreira Lúcia Da Costa
Published: March 2017

A ecologia enquanto disciplina científica foi encarada pelos movimentos ambientalistas a partir de 1960 como uma grande aliada da causa ambiental. Um conjunto de conceitos e ideias permitiu ao ambientalismo construir suas percepções a respeito dos problemas ambientais e de suas resoluções e, ao mesmo tempo, por possuir status científico, a ecologia contribuiu para que o ambientalismo adquirisse considerável força política. Contudo, tal conjunto de conhecimentos oferecido pela ecologia constitui uma abordagem particular da mesma e que desde a década de 1970 vem sendo questionada e apontada por muitos ecólogos como pertencente ao antigo paradigma ecológico. Independentemente de uma mudança paradigmática, as novas ideias no âmbito da ecologia permitiram aos ecólogos uma “releitura” dos fenômenos ecológicos – a ideia de equilíbrio como propriedade intrínseca dos sistemas ecológicos foi amplamente revista. Nesse sentido, esse ensaio pretende apresentar de forma sintética as principais controvérsias no campo da ecologia em relação ao conceito de ecossistema e da ideia de equilíbrio para em seguida discutir o papel desempenhado por essas noções nos discursos dos movimentos ambientalistas contemporâneos.
A construção de um novo “espírito” do capitalismo em uma sociedade em rede
Authors: Oliveira Daniel Coelho de , Meira Thiago Augusto Veloso
Published: March 2017

O artigo objetiva construir uma ponte entre o que se convencionou denominar de “primeiro espírito do capitalismo”, a partir das proposições teóricas presentes na obra de Max Weber, e o “novo” espírito do capitalismo, na concepção de Luc Boltanski e Ève Chiapello e da “Sociedade em Rede” de Manuel Castells. De maneira analítica, serão realizadas convergências e aproximações metodológicas entre as abordagens de Boltanski, Chiapello e Castells.
Renunciando às garantias da Verdade: Agamben e a arte
Authors: Radomsky Guilherme F. Waterloo
Published: March 2017

Resenha da obra: AGAMBEN, Giorgio. O homem sem conteúdo. Tradução, notas e posfácio de Claudio Oliveira. Belo Horizonte: Autêntica Editora, 2012 (Coleção Filô/Agamben; 2).
Chamada de artigos para dossiê
Authors: Cadecs Caderno Eletrônico de Ciências Sociais
Published: March 2017

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História da educação revisitada: apresentando personagens, projetos e experiências
Authors: Miglievich-Ribeiro Adelia , Coutinho Maria Angélica Da Gama Cabral
Published: March 2017

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The Economization of Freedom: Abolitionists versus Merchants in the Culture War that Destroyed Pennsylvania Hall
Authors: Tomek Beverly C.
Published: March 2017

Throughout US history, white skin has held a non-pecuniary value, described by some as a “wage of whiteness” and, more recently, discussed as “white privilege.” This idea, when placed alongside the sociological concept of “cultural capital,” helps shed light on the importance of working-class whites to the material and ideological battle over slavery and its abolition. The 1838 anti-abolition attack that led to the destruction of Pennsylvania Hall in Philadelphia shows the importance of cultural capital by illustrating how southern planters and northern merchants on the one hand and abolitionists on the other worked to gain the support of working-class whites by stressing the value of the cultural capital that they possessed, no matter how poor they were materially. While the former focused on economic interests in hopes of gaining the support of working-class whites, the latter stressed the importance of cultural ideals such as free speech and freedom of the press. Anti-abolitionists placed a low value on freedom, deeming it less important than trade, but abolitionists ultimately commoditized freedom and highlighted its cultural value.
The Declaration of Helsinki through a feminist lens
Authors: Eckenwiler Lisa , Feinholz Dafna , Ells Carolyn , Schonfeld Toby
Published: March 2017

This commentary was submitted to the World Medical Association on behalf of the International Network on Feminist Approaches to Bioethics. Our submission included (1) a description of feminist research ethics, (2) suggestions for specific revisions to the Declaration, and (3) elements found in other international research ethics codes that are important from a feminist perspective. Our goals were to encourage the WMA to craft a declaration that: (1) conceptualizes issues of vulnerability in richer and more nuanced ways, (2) resists the influence of profit motives, and (3) extends the scope of responsibility for ethical research more broadly.
Measuring mothering
Authors: Kukla Rebecca
Published: March 2017

As a culture, we have a tendency to measure motherhood in terms of a set of signal moments that have become the focus of special social attention and anxiety; we interpret these as emblematic summations of women’s mothering abilities. Women’s performances during these moments can seem to exhaust the story of mothering, and mothers often internalize these measures and evaluate their own mothering in terms of them. “Good” mothers are those who pass a series of tests—they bond properly during their routine ultrasound screening, they do not let a sip of alcohol cross their lips during pregnancy, they give birth vaginally without pain medication, they do not offer their child an artificial nipple during the first six months, they feed their children maximally nutritious meals with every bite, and so on. This reductive understanding of mothering has had counterproductive effects upon health care practice and policy, encouraging measures that penalize mothers who do not live up to cultural norms during signal moments, while failing to promote extended narratives of healthy mothering.
Hips, Knees, and Hernia Mesh: When Does Gender Matter in Surgery?
Authors: Hutchison Katrina , Rogers Wendy
Published: March 2017

This paper draws attention to gendered dimensions of surgical device failure, focusing on two case studies—hernia repair mesh for pelvic organ prolapse, and metal-on-metal hip implants. We explore possible reasons for higher rates of harms to women, including systematic biases in health research and device regulation. Given that these factors are readily identifiable, we look to feminist scholarship to understand what might maintain them, including the role of cultural factors within surgery, such as gendered communication patterns and sexism. We then canvas potential measures to mitigate the increased risk of harms faced by women who use implanted devices.
Attunement and Involvement: How Expert Nurses Support Patient Autonomy
Authors: Charles Sonya
Published: March 2017

In this essay, I argue that the daily practice of expert nurses goes far toward enacting the kind of patient autonomy feminist bioethicists envision. Nursing theorists often utilize philosophical theories in their work, but bioethicists have not paid much attention to nursing theory and what it means to be an expert nurse. This is unfortunate because expert nurses do much in their daily practice to make the ideals for autonomy put forth by feminist bioethicists a reality. With this in mind, I bring these two literatures together in what I hope is a fruitful dialogue.
A Legal-Political Framework for Feminist Bioethics: The Case of International Gestational Surrogacy
Authors: Peña-Guzmán David M.
Published: March 2017

The article examines the ethics and politics of international gestational surrogacy contracts through a three-dimensional framework that combines political accounts of framework precariousness, accounts of norm incompatibility in contracting scenarios, and feminist accounts of domination. This framework, which can be applied to a host of contemporary bioethical controversies, articulates the ways in which individuals' medical experiences are shaped and determined by social structures (e.g., the law) that lie beyond their field of control, thus pushing feminist bioethics toward closer collaboration with legal and political theory.
Feminist reflections on miscarriage, in light of abortion
Authors: Parsons Kate
Published: March 2017

This paper highlights some of the personal, cultural, and philosophical challenges facing pro-choice feminists who miscarry in the United States. In light of the acrimonious debate over abortion, and the pressure to assign moral personhood to the beings lost in miscarriage, I offer suggestions for how we might mourn our losses without solidifying pro-life/anti-abortion politics. I outline a relational model of pregnancy and pregnancy loss that recognizes physical interrelation and dependency of an embryo/fetus on a woman, yet attaches as little or as much emotionality to that connection as each individual woman deems fit.
Relational autonomy as an essential component of patient-centered care
Authors: Ells Carolyn , Hunt Matthew R. , Chambers-Evans Jane
Published: March 2017

Despite enthusiasm for patient-centered care, the practice of patient-centered care is proving challenging. Further, it is curious that the literature about this subject does not explicitly address patient autonomy, since (1) patients guide care in patient-centered care, and (2) respect for patient autonomy is a prominent health-care value. We argue that by explicitly adopting a relational conception of autonomy as an essential component, patient-centered care becomes more coherent, is strengthened, and could help practitioners to make better use of a principle of respect for autonomy. Hence, its use appears promising to narrow the theory–practice gap.
The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, by Rebecca Skloot
Authors: Parker Lisa S.
Published: March 2017

Rebecca Skloot, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, New York: Crown Publishers, 2010, reviewed by Lisa S. Parker
Disorientation and the medicalization of struggle
Authors: Harbin Ami
Published: March 2017

In this article, I argue for ways experiences of disorientation can highlight problems of medicalization. On my view, disorientations are multidimensional experiences of serious unease and discomfort, involving levels of bodily, emotional, and cognitive experience, that make it hard to go on. Disorientations do not fit current categories of disorder, and are sometimes experienced as benefiting rather than harming individuals. I build on the work of feminist bioethicists to caution against the medicalization of disorientation and to suggest that experiences of disorientation can indicate how the complexity of a particular emotional experience can resist dichotomies of health and harm.
With All Due Caution: Global Anti-Obesity Campaigns and the Individualization of Responsibility
Authors: Reiheld Alison
Published: March 2017

Obesity is one of several targets of public health efforts related to availability of and access to healthy foods. The tension between individual food decisions and social contexts of food production, preparation, and consumption makes targeting individuals deeply problematic and yet tempting. Such individualization of responsibility for obesity and nutrition is unethical and impractical. This article warns public health campaigns against giving into the temptation to individualize responsibility, and presents an argument for why they should proceed with all due caution, advising providers and public health organizations to keep in mind structural factors rather than aiming at individuals.
Early Representations of Wartime Violence in Films, 1914–1930
Authors: Vidojković Dario
Published: March 2017

This article deals with the cinematic representations of warfare violence and with its aestheticization in early films. It argues, in particular, that the patterns and narrative structures of (anti-)war movies were laid out during the First World War. Among the first films establishing those patterns and rules were D.W. Griffith's The Birth of a Nation, a film on the American Civil War, and Hearts of the World, showing the war on the western front, produced in 1918. Films such as these offered the main elements that would mark, henceforth, how anti-war movies would portray violence. With the up-coming of sound, moviegoers would be able not only to see, but also to hear what a war sounded like. Lewis Milestone's All Quiet on the Western Front (1930), one of the first sound films, exposed the audiences to a series of (calculated) audio/visual distortions, including explosions, screams, and the monotone sound of machinegun fire.
The Violent Art: Caricatures of Conflict in Germany
Authors: Hewitson Mark
Published: March 2017

War furnishes a – perhaps the – classic case of ‘black humour’, which is understood here in the broad sense, not merely as the humour of the gallows or the cheating of death, but humour deriving from a confrontation with suffering or death, either as a victim or a perpetrator. War cartoons relied on the manipulation of images for comic effect, which – at least until the absurdist experiments of the Dada and Surrealist movements during and after the First World War – appeared impossible in photography, painting and cinematography. Caricature permitted artists simultaneously to conjure up, simplify and undermine reality. The selection and exaggeration of character traits and circumstantial detail, which was fundamental to caricature, revealed graphically how cartoonists perceived the social and political world in which they lived. This chapter examines how such selection and exaggeration worked in extreme conditions during wartime.
Indian Christians and the Appropriation of Western Civilisation in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Jones Arun W.
Published: March 2017

While the western Christian missionary desire to ‘civilise’ Christians from other cultures has been well documented and researched, the desire of local Christians to appropriate western civilisation in the face of missionary resistance to such appropriation has not been critically studied. This article examines debates in nineteenth-century North India missionary conferences between Indian Christians who wanted to adopt many accoutrements of western civilisation, and missionaries who wanted Indian Christians to retain as much of their Indian culture as possible. The article also looks at parallel cases in sub-Saharan Africa. It argues that local Christians were extracting and employing materials from European civilisation and culture to create new religious and social identities for themselves in their own particular contexts. This argument provides a counterpoint to Homi Bhabha's view of hybridity and mimicry as processes imposed by foreign western imperial regimes on subject peoples. In the process of creating new communal identities, local Christians clashed with missionaries who were at least partly motivated by the ideal of a native and indigenous church, but who also were worried about losing their authority to westernised Asian and African Christians in the emerging church. Local Christians also clashed with other members of their own society who wanted the former to keep their low social status. Indian Christians’ understandings of what counted as indigenous – which could include foreign influences – differed in significant ways from missionary and some Indian views of indigeneity.
The Evolution of the Ecumenical Vision in the Early Twentieth-Century Chinese Context: A Case Study of the Church of Christ in China (1927–1937)
Authors: Wang Marina Xiaojing
Published: March 2017

This paper focuses on the Church of Christ in China – a visible fruit of the church unity movement in early twentieth-century China – as a case study. Through examining its formation and development from 1927 to 1937, especially its progress in the advocacy of ecumenism in China, this paper aims to explore how the idea of ecumenism had been transplanted, rooted, accommodated and applied in the Chinese context during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This paper argues that, although the Chinese vision of ecumenism was derived from the West, it had taken a rather different path and reflected an indigenous understanding of ecumenism and ecclesiology. The case of the CCC demonstrated that national requirements played a significant role in reshaping the universal Christian message. The Christian message, in this case the vision of ecumenism, would always have to revise and incarnate itself in the local context which it encountered.
Women and Religion in Sudan's Civil War: Singing through Conflict
Authors: Zink Jesse
Published: March 2017

During Sudan's second civil war (1983 to 2005), many Dinka people repudiated their existing religious beliefs and sought Christian baptism. Women were at the forefront of this movement. Not only were women among the first to convert to Christianity, they also became leaders of the grassroots Christian movement. Among Dinka communities displaced outside of Sudan, women organised an affinity group in the church through which they channelled their frustration with the war and hope for its conclusion. Women were also among the most significant composers of many of the new Christian hymns that were written during the war, emerging as the leading theologians of the conversion movement. By looking at the gendered impacts of civil war on religious expression, we can come to new understandings of the way societies are transformed during violence.
Quality Monitoring for Laser Welding Based on High-Speed Photography and Support Vector Machine
Authors: Wang Teng , Chen Juequan , Gao Xiangdong , Li Wei
Published: March 2017

In order to improve the prediction ability of welding quality during high-power disk laser welding, a new approach was proposed and applied in the classification of the dynamic features of metal vapor plume. Six features were extracted through the color image processing method. Three features, including the area of plume, number of spatters, and horizontal coordinate of plume centroid, were selected based on the classification accuracy rates and Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients. A support vector machine model was adopted to classify the welding quality status into two categories, good or poor. The results demonstrated that the support vector machine model established according to the selected features had satisfactory prediction and generalization ability. The classification accuracy rate was higher than 90%, and the model could be applied in the prediction of welding quality during high-power disk laser welding.
The Generation and Propagation of Atmospheric Internal Waves Caused by Volcanic Eruptions
Authors: Baines Peter , Sacks Selwyn
Published: March 2017

Observations from the island of Montserrat in the Caribbean have shown that volcanic eruptions (particularly explosive ones) can generate internal waves in the atmosphere that can be observed by microbarographs at ground level. It is possible that observations of such waves may give early information about volcanic eruptions when other methods are unavailable (because of bad weather, nocturnal eruptions, and poor visibility or remoteness), if it is possible to interpret them. This paper describes a dynamical model of the forcing of internal waves in which the eruption is modelled as a turbulent plume, forced by a source of buoyancy at ground level that specifies the total height and relevant properties of the eruption. Specifically, the rising plume entrains environmental air from ground level to 70% of its maximum height zM, and above 0.7zM the rising fluid spreads radially. During the eruption, this flow forces horizontal motion in the surrounding fluid that generates internal waves, which may be computed by assuming that this is due to a linear dynamical process. Properties of the resulting waves are described for a variety of parameters that include the strength and height of the eruption, the effect of the tropopause, generation in the stratosphere for large eruptions, and the differing effects of the duration of the eruption. Implications for characterising eruptions from observations of these properties are discussed.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Epoxidation of Some Aryl-Substituted Vinylidenebisphosphonate Esters: On the Way to Chiral Anti-Osteoporosis Drugs
Authors: Chiminazzo Andrea , Sperni Laura , Scarso Alessandro , Strukul Giorgio
Published: March 2017

The synthesis of a new class of epoxide derivatives from prochiral vinylidene bisphosphonate (VBP) precursors is reported using hydrogen peroxide as the terminal oxidant. The reaction is carried out using a series of possible organic activators having a basic character, with the best results being observed using quinine and sparteine. These activators not only provide from good to excellent epoxide yields with a large variety of VBPs, but also interesting enantioselectivities in the 67%–96% ee range, at least in the case of the Ph and m-MeO–Ph VBP derivatives, opening the way to a number of chiral anti-osteoporosis potentially active pharmaceutical ingredients.
Permutation Entropy: New Ideas and Challenges
Authors: Keller Karsten , Mangold Teresa , Stolz Inga , Werner Jenna
Published: March 2017

Over recent years, some new variants of Permutation entropy have been introduced and applied to EEG analysis, including a conditional variant and variants using some additional metric information or being based on entropies that are different from the Shannon entropy. In some situations, it is not completely clear what kind of information the new measures and their algorithmic implementations provide. We discuss the new developments and illustrate them for EEG data.
International Electronical Committee (IEC) 61850 Mapping with Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) in Smart Grids Based European Telecommunications Standard Institute Machine-to-Machine (M2M) Environment
Authors: Shin In-Jae , Song Byung-Kwen , Eom Doo-Seop
Published: March 2017

As power systems develop rapidly into smarter and more flexible configurations, so too must the communication technologies that support them. Machine-to-machine (M2M) communication in power systems enables information collection by combining sensors and communication protocols. In doing so, M2M technology supports communication between machines to improve power quality and protection coordination. When functioning in a “smart grid” environment, M2M has been labelled by the European Telecommunications Standard Institute (ETSI). International Electronical Committee (IEC) 61850 as the most important standard in power network systems. As evidence, this communication platform has been used for device data collection/control in substation automation systems and distribution automation systems. If the IEC 61850 information model were to be combined with a set of contemporary web protocols, the potential benefits would be enormous. Therefore, a constrained application protocol (CoAP) has been adopted to create an ETSI M2M communication architecture. CoAP is compared with other protocols (MQTT, SOAP) to demonstrate the validity of using it. This M2M communication technology is applied in an IEC61850, and use the OPNET Modeler 17.1 to demonstrate intercompatibility of CoAP Gateway. The proposed IEC 61850 and CoAP mapping scheme reduces the mapping time and improves throughput. CoAP is useful in the ETSI M2M environment where device capability is able to be limited.
Environmental Potential of Using Coal-Processing Waste as the Primary and Secondary Fuel for Energy Providers
Authors: Nyashina Galina , Legros Jean , Strizhak Pavel
Published: March 2017

The main anthropogenic emissions (CO, CO2, NOx, SOx) produced by the processing (combustion) of wastes (coal filter cakes) were measured directly for the first time. The research considered the most widespread coal filter cakes: those of nonbaking, low-caking, coking, flame, and gas coals. These filter cakes are regarded as promising components for the technologies of coal-water slurry (CWS) and coal-water slurry containing petrochemicals (CWSP). According to our estimates, the annual increment of such wastes in the world is as high as 100 million tons. Consequently, the effective utilization of these wastes in the power industry is of high interest. The evaluation of hazardous emissions from the combustion of such wastes shows that filter cakes produce a similar amount of CO and CO2 as the initially-used coals but filter cakes are more cost-effective. We have established that CWS and CWSP technologies can be used to reduce NOx and SOx emissions. To reduce CO and CO2 emissions when burning filter cakes, we need to switch to low-temperature combustion. Lowering the combustion temperature of filter cakes from 850 °C down to 650 °C decreases the underburning insignificantly while decreasing CO and CO2 emissions by 30–40%.
Modeling and Analysis of Double Stator Slotted Rotor Permanent Magnet Generator
Authors: Ahmad Suhairi Rizuan Che , Othman Raja Nor Firdaus Kashfi Raja , Othman Md Nazri , Zuki Nor Aishah Md , Shukor Fairul Azhar Abdul , Isa Siti Zulaika Mat , Ibrahim Zulkifilie , Vaithilingam Chockalingam Aravind
Published: March 2017

This paper discusses the modeling and analysis of three phase double stator slotted rotor permanent magnet generator (DSSR-PMG). The use of double stator topology through the double magnetic circuit helps to maximize the usage of flux linkage in the yoke structure of the single stator topology. The analytical computation is done using Permeance Analysis Method (PAM). Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is used for numerical verifications and to verify the design structure a prototype laboratory is performed. The analysis is done with various loading conditions to derive the electromagnetic torque, output power and efficiency for the proposed structure. The analytical, numerical and experimental results from the analysis are found to be in good agreement. The maximum power developed by this generator at rated speed of 2000 rpm is of 1 kW with the operational efficiency of 75%. A rectifier bridge circuit is used to make the generated voltage a storage capable constant voltage to make it suitable for mobile applications (such as Direct Current DC generator). The proposed generator structure is highly recommended for applications such as micro-hydro and small renewable plants.
The New Commodity: Technicity and Poetic Form
Authors: Stefans Brian Kim
Published: March 2017

One of the key strands of early thinking by the Language Poets, notably Charles Bernstein, Bruce Andrews and Steve McCaffery, was that the poem—particularly the mainstream, American lyric in thrall to the Imagist tradition—should be understood as partaking in the commodity system, either in its capacity of presenting the world itself as consumable or as a commodity itself. Strategies to retool the poem included an exaggerated de-naturalization of language (akin to Brecht’s Verfremdung Effekt), the permanent deferral of epiphany as “pay off” (i.e., writing as ongoing phenomenological investigation), and, most extremely, the poem as engaged in a “general” as opposed to a “closed” economy—as pure expenditure, linguistic waste, in George Bataille’s sense. These practices, however, while they might have, in theory, “de-commodified” the poem (the evidence weighs against it, but it’s quite impossible to prove), have nonetheless confirmed the centrality of the early notion by William Carlos Williams that a poem is a “machine,” an autonomous producer of meanings, and to that extent an object. The French philosopher Gilbert Simondon argues in his theory of technicity that something human lies at the heart of the technical object and that its technical essence, like any player in the Darwinian evolution, has its own evolutionary journey through time. In Bernard Stiegler’s succinct formulation, “[a]s a ‘process of exteriorization,’ technics is the pursuit of life by means other than life.” This confluence of ideas suggests a possibility: that the technical elements of poems—what might have formerly been understood as stylistic tics, characteristic methods, visual and prosodic features—are themselves engaged in a quest for “life,” and that poems are in fact always already objects, existing outside of the system of commodities if only by virtue of obtaining an ontological status both: (1) irreducible to an over-determined system of exchanges (an unreachable “essence” in Graham Harman’s “object-oriented ontology”), and (2) autonomous from the life, actions and intentions of the poem him/herself. To that degree, the focus of early Language poetry on configuring the poem against the system of commodities overstepped its reach by attempting to “de-objectify” the poem, to dissolve it among systems of relation. Poems are less human to the degree that they are not proxies for the poet him/herself or total subjects to the “social,” but more human to the degree that they contain—as a steam engine, a diode or a Swiss watch—a technical essence.
“How to Pronounce Meme.” Three YouTube Channels
Authors: Baldwin Sandy
Published: March 2017

Internet anomalies produce data and images beyond any authorship or source. They seem to compute and display the depths and potentials of the net “as such.” Explanations and theories surround and attempt to account for anomalies, from ARGs to NSA recruiting tools. Examining three such anomalous YouTube channels, this essay does not propose a solution but rather maintains the anomalous as the constituent aesthetic and community of the net.
Mosquito Traps: An Innovative, Environmentally Friendly Technique to Control Mosquitoes
Authors: Poulin Brigitte , Lefebvre Gaëtan , Muranyi-Kovacs Camille , Hilaire Samuel
Published: March 2017

We tested the use of mosquito traps as an alternative to spraying insecticide in Camargue (France) following the significant impacts observed on the non-target fauna through Bti persistence and trophic perturbations. In a village of 600 inhabitants, 16 Techno Bam traps emitting CO2 and using octenol lures were set from April to November 2016. Trap performance was estimated at 70% overall based on mosquitoes landing on human bait in areas with and without traps. The reduction of Ochlerotatus caspius and Oc. detritus, the two species targeted by Bti spraying, was, respectively, 74% and 98%. Traps were less efficient against Anopheles hyrcanus (46%), which was more attracted by lactic acid than octenol lures based on previous tests. Nearly 300,000 mosquitoes from nine species were captured, with large variations among traps, emphasizing that trap performance is also influenced by surrounding factors. Environmental impact, based on the proportion of non-target insects captured, was mostly limited to small chironomids attracted by street lights. The breeding success of a house martin colony was not significantly affected by trap use, in contrast to Bti spraying. Our experiment confirms that the deployment of mosquito traps can offer a cost-effective alternative to Bti spraying for protecting local populations from mosquito nuisance in sensitive natural areas.
Health and Wellbeing of Occupants in Highly Energy Efficient Buildings: A Field Study
Authors: Wallner Peter , Tappler Peter , Munoz Ute , Damberger Bernhard , Wanka Anna , Kundi Michael , Hutter Hans-Peter
Published: March 2017

Passive houses and other highly energy-efficient buildings need mechanical ventilation. However, ventilation systems in such houses are regarded with a certain degree of skepticism by parts of the public due to alleged negative health effects. Within a quasi-experimental field study, we investigated if occupants of two types of buildings (mechanical vs. natural ventilation) experience different health, wellbeing and housing satisfaction outcomes and if associations with indoor air quality exist. We investigated 123 modern homes (test group: with mechanical ventilation; control group: naturally ventilated) built in the years 2010 to 2012 in the same geographic area and price range. Interviews of occupants based on standardized questionnaires and measurements of indoor air quality parameters were conducted twice (three months after moving in and one year later). In total, 575 interviews were performed (respondents’ mean age 37.9 ± 9 years in the test group, 37.7 ± 9 years in the control group). Occupants of the test group rated their overall health status and that of their children not significantly higher than occupants of the control group at both time points. Adult occupants of the test group reported dry eyes statistically significantly more frequently compared to the control group (19.4% vs. 12.5%). Inhabitants of energy-efficient, mechanically ventilated homes rated the quality of indoor air and climate significantly higher. Self-reported health improved more frequently in the mechanically ventilated new homes (p = 0.005). Almost no other significant differences between housing types and measuring time points were observed concerning health and wellbeing or housing satisfaction. Associations between vegetative symptoms (dizziness, nausea, headaches) and formaldehyde concentrations as well as between CO2 levels and perceived stale air were observed. However, both associations were independent of the type of ventilation. In summary, occupants of the mechanically ventilated homes rated their health status slightly higher and their health improved significantly more frequently than in occupants of the control group. As humidity in homes with mechanical ventilation was lower, it seems plausible that the inhabitants reported dry eyes more frequently.
Public Preferences for the Use of Taxation and Labelling Policy Measures to Combat Obesity in Young Children in Australia
Authors: Comans Tracy , Moretto Nicole , Byrnes Joshua
Published: March 2017

Objective: Childhood obesity is a serious concern for developed and developing countries. This study aimed to assess the level of support in Australia for regulation and to assess whether systematic differences occur between individuals who support increased regulation and individuals who oppose it. Methods: An online survey (n = 563) was used to assess parental/caregiver preferences for taxation policy options and nutrition labelling designed to address the incidence of childhood obesity. Participants were parents or caregivers of young children (3 to 7 years) who were actively enrolled in an existing birth cohort study in South-East Queensland, Australia. Results: The majority of the parents (over 80%) strongly agreed or agreed with labelling food and drink with traffic light or teaspoon labelling. Support for taxation was more variable with around one third strongly supporting and a further 40% of participants equivocal about using taxation; however, a quarter strongly rejected this policy. Cluster analysis did not detect any socio-demographic differences between those who strongly supported taxation and those who did not. Conclusions: Better food labelling would be welcomed by parents to enhance food choices for their children. Taxation for health reasons would not be opposed by most parents. Implications for Public Health: Governments should consider taxation of unhealthy drinks and improved labelling to encourage healthy food purchasing.
3D Numerical Modeling of Zeotropic Mixtures and Pure Working Fluids in an ORC Turbo-Expander
Authors: Gad-el-Hak Ibrahim , Hussin Ahmed , Hamed Ashraf , Mahmoud Nabil
Published: March 2017

The present paper provides a numerical study that leads to the proper selection of a working fluid for use in low-temperature organic Rankine cycle (ORC) applications. This selection is not only based on the provision of best efficiency but also to comply with global warming potential (GWP) regulations. For that purpose, different pure organic working fluids, including R245fa, R236fa, R123, R600a, R134a, and R1234yf as well as zeotropic mixture R245fa/R600a, are selected. The investigation is conducted on a single stage radial inflow turbo-expander, which was originally used in the Sundstrand Power Systems T-100 Multipurpose Small Power Unit. The commercial package ANSYS-CFX (version 16.0) was used to perform the numerical study using 3D Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations. Peng–Robinson equation of state is adopted in the finite-volume solver ANSYS-CFX to determine the real-gas properties. The obtained results show that, while the use of R134a and R1234yf provides the best efficiency of all the working fluids under investigation, the latter is best selected for its comparatively low global warming effects.
Multimodal Cue Competition in Adults’ Novel Verb Generalization
Authors: Narasimhan Bhuvana
Published: March 2017

In addition to identifying the referents of novel words, language learners also have to learn to generalize newly acquired words to the appropriate range of referents. Here we ask: what is the relative importance of visual, auditory, and linguistic information in influencing how adult learners generalize newly acquired verbs to novel contexts? In our study, participants learned two novel verbs associated with distinct auditory, visual, and linguistic cues. Then they labeled unfamiliar events in which each cue was either presented in isolation or placed in conflict with other cues. Participants’ production of the verb associated with each cue when in conflict with other cues was assessed relative to their baseline tendency to produce the verb associated with each cue presented in isolation. Findings show that visual cues dominate over linguistic and auditory cues in influencing participants’ verb extension patterns. In contrast, participants are rarely influenced by auditory or linguistic cues when they are placed in conflict with the other cue types. Our findings suggest that any account of word learning needs to factor in the dynamics of how multimodal cues interact to drive attention during word extension.
Biosynthesis of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Octopus vulgaris: Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterisation of a Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase and an Elongation of Very Long-Chain Fatty Acid 4 Protein
Authors: Monroig Óscar , De Llanos Rosa , Varó Inmaculada , Hontoria Francisco , Tocher Douglas , Puig Sergi , Navarro Juan
Published: March 2017

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been acknowledged as essential nutrients for cephalopods but the specific PUFAs that satisfy the physiological requirements are unknown. To expand our previous investigations on characterisation of desaturases and elongases involved in the biosynthesis of PUFAs and hence determine the dietary PUFA requirements in cephalopods, this study aimed to investigate the roles that a stearoyl-CoA desaturase (Scd) and an elongation of very long-chain fatty acid 4 (Elovl4) protein play in the biosynthesis of essential fatty acids (FAs). Our results confirmed the Octopus vulgaris Scd is a ∆9 desaturase with relatively high affinity towards saturated FAs with ≥ C18 chain lengths. Scd was unable to desaturate 20:1n-15 (∆520:1) suggesting that its role in the biosynthesis of non-methylene interrupted FAs (NMI FAs) is limited to the introduction of the first unsaturation at ∆9 position. Interestingly, the previously characterised ∆5 fatty acyl desaturase was indeed able to convert 20:1n-9 (∆1120:1) to ∆5,1120:2, an NMI FA previously detected in octopus nephridium. Additionally, Elovl4 was able to mediate the production of 24:5n-3 and thus can contribute to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) biosynthesis through the Sprecher pathway. Moreover, the octopus Elovl4 was confirmed to play a key role in the biosynthesis of very long-chain (>C24) PUFAs.
Fabrication and Water Treatment Application of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)-Based Composite Membranes: A Review
Authors: Ma Lining , Dong Xinfa , Chen Mingliang , Zhu Li , Wang Chaoxian , Yang Fenglin , Dong Yingchao
Published: March 2017

Membrane separation technology is widely explored for various applications, such as water desalination and wastewater treatment, which can alleviate the global issue of fresh water scarcity. Specifically, carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-based composite membranes are increasingly of interest due to the combined merits of CNTs and membrane separation, offering enhanced membrane properties. This article first briefly discusses fabrication and growth mechanisms, characterization and functionalization techniques of CNTs, and then reviews the fabrication methods for CNTs-based composite membranes in detail. The applications of CNTs-based composite membranes in water treatment are comprehensively reviewed, including seawater or brine desalination, oil-water separation, removal of heavy metal ions and emerging pollutants as well as membrane separation coupled with assistant techniques. Furthermore, the future direction and perspective for CNTs-based composite membranes are also briefly outlined.
Evolution of Anode Porosity under Air Oxidation: The Unveiling of the Active Pore Size
Authors: Chevarin Francois , Ishak Ramzi , Ziegler Donald , Fafard Mario , Alamdari Houshang
Published: March 2017

The carbon anode, used in aluminum electrolysis (Hall–Héroult process), is over-consumed by air oxidation and carboxy-reaction (with CO2). Several anode features may affect this over-consumption, such as impurity content, graphitization level and anode porosity features (e.g., porosity volume fraction or pore size distribution). The two first parameters are basically related to the quality of raw materials and coke calcination conditions. Anode porosity is, however, greatly affected by anode manufacturing conditions, and is possible to be modified, to some extent, by adjusting the anode recipe and the processing parameters. This work aims to investigate the effect of anode porosity on its air reactivity. Baked anode samples were prepared in laboratory scale and then crushed into powder form (−4760 + 4000 µm). The recipe for anode preparation was similar to a typical industrial recipe, except that in the lab scale no butt particles were used in the recipe. Anode particles were then gasified at six different conversion levels (0, 5, 15, 25, 35 and 50 wt %) under air at 525 °C. The porosity was characterized in several pore size ranges, measured by nitrogen adsorption and mercury intrusion (0.0014–0.020, 0.002–0.025, 0.025–0.100, 0.1–40.0 and superior at 40 µm). The volume variation of each pore range, as a function of carbon conversion, was assessed and used to determine the size of the most active pores for air oxidation. The most active pore size was found to be the pores inferior at 40 µm before 15 wt % of gasification and pores superior at 40 µm between 15 and 50 wt % of carbon conversion. Limitation of pore size range could be used as an additional guideline, along with other targets such as high homogeneity and density, to set the optimum anode manufacturing parameters.
Effects of Gas Nitriding Temperature on the Surface Properties of a High Manganese TWIP Steel
Authors: Yuan Xiaoyun , Zhao Yang , Li Xing , Chen Liqing
Published: March 2017

The effects of gas nitriding temperature on the cross section morphology, element nitrogen distribution, and surface layer compositions of a cold rolled and pre-strained high manganese austenitic TWIP steel 25Mn-3Cr-3Al-0.3C-0.01N and the corresponding anti-corrosion ability have been studied. The results show that, depending on nitriding temperature, the distribution of element nitrogen and main phase compositions are significantly different in the nitriding layers. At a temperature lower than 500 °C, the main composition in the modified layer is S-phase and the nitrogen concentration linearly decreases from the surface to the center, while Fe4N forms with S-phase and a step-like distribution of nitrogen content is present at nitriding temperature of 600 °C. Caused by the increasing of modified layer thickness and the formation of S-phase and Fe4N, the surface hardness was obviously enhanced. Anodic polarization curves in 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution indicate that the nitrided processes have a tremendous modification effect on anti-corrosion ability. Moreover, the increase of (111) oriented grain, caused by the elevated nitriding temperature, has a positive effect on the corrosion resistance.