bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-performance Ce doped three-dimensional ordered macroporous Co-based catalysts on CO oxidation
Authors: Zhou Kun , Hu Miaomiao , Zhao Tingyi , Shi Qingzhao , Feng Jiaxin , Ma Xue , Zhao Mingqin , Shao Zhihui , Cui Bing
Published: February 2023

3D-Co16Ce1Oy had the highest CO catalytic performance and the lowest Ea attributed to the synergistic promotion of the 3DOM structure and Ce doping.
Biomass-derived graphene modified γ-Fe2O3/N,Fe–TiO2@GO: a prolific photoactive material with extended visible to near IR harvesting
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Charak Abhishek , Sandhu Sofia , Toor Amrit Pal , Singh Vasundhara
Published: February 2023

This study reports the development of a novel ternary self-assembled γ-Fe2O3/N,Fe–TiO2@GO nanocomposite as a visible to near IR (NIR) active photocatalyst prepared by ultrasonic activation followed by hydrothermal treatment.
Covalent organic frameworks editing for efficient metallaphotoredox catalytic carbon–oxygen cross coupling of aryl halides with alcohols
Authors: Meng Di , Xue Jing , Zhang Yufan , Liu Tianjiao , Chen Chuncheng , Song Wenjing , Zhao Jincai
Published: February 2023

Cross-coupling by dual metal/photoredox catalysis is attractive for producing valuable chemical building blocks, where the photoredox catalysts lay the foundations for an efficient and sustainable operation.
Tailoring interfacial microbiome and charge dynamics via a rationally designed atomic-nanoparticle bridge for bio-electrochemical CO2-fixation
Authors: Xia Rongxin , Cheng Jun , Chen Zhuo , Zhou Xinyi , Zhang Ze , Zhou Junhu , Zhang Meng
Published: February 2023

A rationally crafted atomic-nanoparticle bridge concurrently promotes the enrichment of performing microbes and bio-interfacial charge extraction for CO2 conversion to methane.
Artificial neural network for high-throughput spectral data processing in LIBS imaging: application to archaeological mortar
Authors: Herreyre N. , Cormier A. , Hermelin S. , Oberlin C. , Schmitt A. , Thirion-Merle V. , Borlenghi A. , Prigent D. , Coquidé C. , Valois A. , Dujardin C. , Dugourd P. , Duponchel L. , Comby-Zerbino C. , Motto-Ros V.
Published: February 2023

With the development of micro-LIBS imaging, the ever-increasing size of datasets (sometimes >1 million spectra) makes the processing of spectral data difficult and time consuming.
Spin-decoupled excitation and wavefront shaping of structured surface waves via on-chip terahertz metasurfaces
Authors: Chong Ming-Zhe , He Yidan , Zhao Jin , Zhang Yue-Yi , Zhang Zong-Kun , Zhang Chong-Qi , Du Chao-Hai , Zang Xiaofei , Liu Pu-Kun
Published: February 2023

An on-chip terahertz metasurface is proposed to realize spin-decoupled excitation and wavefront shaping of structured surface waves.
Adsorptive removal of antibiotic pollutants from wastewater using biomass/biochar-based adsorbents
Authors: AJALA Oluwaseyi Aderemi , AKINNAWO Solomon Oluwaseun , BAMISAYE Abayomi , ADEDIPE Demilade Tunrayo , ADESINA Morenike Oluwabunmi , OKON-AKAN Omolabake Abiodun , ADEBUSUYI Tosin Adewumi , OJEDOKUN Adedamola Titi , ADEGOKE Kayode Adesina , BELLO Olugbenga Solomon
Published: February 2023

This study explores adsorptive removal measures to shed light on current water treatment innovations for kinetic/isotherm models and their applications to antibiotic pollutants using a broad range of biomass-based adsorbents.
Solvent-driven biotoxin into nano-units as a versatile and sensitive SERS strategy
Authors: Cheng Yizhuang , Qin Miao , Li Pan , Yang Liangbao
Published: February 2023

By using the SERS monolayer substrates of liquid–liquid interfacial self-assembly, the nanocapillary action can actively transport target molecules into hotspot structures.
Aza-Michael promoted glycoconjugation of PETIM dendrimers and selectivity in mycobacterial growth inhibitions
Authors: Sarkar Biswajit , Mahapa Avisek , Dey Kalyan , Manhas Rakshit , Chatterji Dipankar , Jayaraman Narayanaswamy
Published: February 2023

Glycoconjugation of primary amine-terminated PETIM dendrimer generations 1 to 3 is conducted using a sugar vinyl sulfoxide as aza-Michael acceptor in aq. MeOH. The native and glycoconjugate dendrimers show selective mycobacterial growth inhibition.
Orthogonal, modular anion–cation and cation–anion self-assembly using pre-programmed anion binding sites
Authors: Dhara Ayan , Fadler Rachel E. , Chen Yusheng , Köttner Laura A. , Van Craen David , Carta Veronica , Flood Amar H.
Published: February 2023

Use of pre-programmed anion binding sites provide structure-directing elements in subcomponent self-assembly that operate in an orthogonal way to the traditional role of cations.
Combinatorial impedance spectroscopy with Bayesian analysis for triple ionic-electronic conducting perovskites
Authors: Papac Meagan C. , Huang Jake , Zakutayev Andriy , O'Hayre Ryan
Published: February 2023

We construct an empirical map of oxide electrode materials performance relevant to intermediate-temperature electrochemical devices.
Laser-induced deposition of Ni, Co-doped FeOOH cocatalysts on WO3 photoanodes and elucidating their roles in water oxidation in terms of carrier dynamics
Authors: Kim Hee Yeong , Kong Heejung , Kim Jong Hwa , Yang Won-Geun , Lee Hyein , Ko Seonmi , Lee Hee Jin , Piao Guangxia , Park Hyunwoong , Chae Weon-Sik , Yeo Junyeob
Published: February 2023

Simply oxygen evolution Ni, Co-doped FeOOH cocatalyst layers were deposited by laser-induced deposition on WO3 photoanodes for enhanced PEC performance.
Control of nanoparticle dispersion, SEI composition, and electrode morphology enables long cycle life in high silicon content nanoparticle-based composite anodes for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Schulze Maxwell C. , Urias Fernando , Dutta Nikita S. , Huey Zoey , Coyle Jaclyn , Teeter Glenn , Doeren Ryan , Tremolet de Villers Bertrand J. , Han Sang-Don , Neale Nathan R. , Carroll G. Michael
Published: February 2023

A 74 wt% silicon composite electrode delivers 1000 cycles with 74% capacity retention against NMC811 cathodes and a cell stack energy density of 212 W h kg−1 in a standard carbonate electrolyte with two simple chemical and process improvements.
Interaction of polyelectrolyte-shell cubosomes with serum albumin for triggering drug release in gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Pimenta Barbara V. , Madrid Rafael R.M. , Mathews Patrick D. , Riske Karin A. , Loh Watson , Angelov Borislav , Angelova Angelina , Mertins Omar
Published: February 2023

Biopolymers-tailored cubosomes in contact with albumin endure phase change leading to release of encapsulated content which may provide effective drug release in digestive cancer treatments.
The first polyoxoniobate-templated silver cluster with temperature-dependent luminescent emission
Authors: Biao Wu  , Li Xin-Xiong , Zheng Shou-Tian , Xie Jianping
Published: February 2023

A polyoxoniobate-templated silver nanocluster was first obtained. The compound not only shows good chemical stability but also exhibits interesting temperature-dependent luminescent emission.
Synthesis and characterisation of Ga- and In-doped CdS by solventless thermolysis of single source precursors
Authors: Alderhami Suliman A. , Ahumada-Lazo Ruben , Buckingham Mark A. , Binks David J. , O'Brien Paul , Collison David , Lewis David J.
Published: February 2023

A low temperature and facile molecular precursor route towards phase-pure Ga- and In-doped CdS is reported. Photoluminescence spectroscopy showed that charge carrier recombination was reduced by doping the material, increasing exciton lifetime.
Potential clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene reference materials for SIMS water content analysis
Authors: Zhang Wan-Feng , Xia Xiao-Ping , Yuto Sato , Eiichi Takahashi , Cui Ze-Xian , Zhang Yan-Qiang , Yang Qing , Yang Ya-Nan , Li Li , Xu Yi-Gang
Published: February 2023

In this study, we developed four clinopyroxene (cpx) and five orthopyroxene (opx) samples as reference materials for SIMS water content analysis.
A lab-made screen-printed sensing strip for sensitive and selective electrochemical detection of butylated hydroxyanisole
Authors: Bas Salih Zeki , Cetiner Rumeysa , Teke Deniz , Ozmen Mustafa
Published: February 2023

This study describes the fabrication of a lab-made screen-printed electrode (LabSPE) and its sensing ability for the detection of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) which is a synthetic antioxidant utilized widely in food industries.
Cucurbit[8]uril forms tight inclusion complexes with cationic triamantanes
Authors: King David , Šumanovac Tatjana , Murkli Steven , Schreiner Peter R. , Šekutor Marina , Isaacs Lyle
Published: February 2023

Cationic triamantanes exhibit ultratight binding toward CB[7] and CB[8] as evidenced by 1H NMR spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry, and computations.
Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of oil-based functionalized polyolefins
Authors: Chen Jiawei , Wang Wenbing , Pan Yao , Peng Dan , Li Yougui , Zou Chen
Published: February 2023

In this study, we used a palladium catalyst to catalyze the copolymerization of vegetable oil-based monomers with ethylene to prepare functional polyolefins.
Linear π-conjugated polycyclic compounds consisting of four-, five-, and six-membered rings: benzo[1′′,2′′:3,4;4′′,5′′:3′,4′]bis(cyclobuta[1,2-c]thiophene)
Authors: Kuroiwa Tatsuru , Asai Daisuke , Hashimoto Shingo , Tahara Kazukuni
Published: February 2023

Linear π-conjugated polycyclic compounds, BBCTs, containing linearly annulated 5-, 4-, 6-, 4-, and 5-membered rings were produced via copper-mediated double intramolecular coupling reactions.
Research progress on the role of extracellular vesicles derived from aging cells in osteoporosis
Authors: Chen Huan , Huang Guowei , Mao Wei , He Peiliang , Hou Guodong , Zhang Wencong , Liu Zhiyi , Li Aiguo , Qin Shengnan
Published: February 2023

The occurrence and development of many diseases are highly associated with the aging of the body. Among them, osteoporosis (OP) is a common age-related disease that tends to occur in the elderly population and is highly related to the aging factors in the body. In the process of aging transmission, the senescence-related secretory phenotype (SASP) can convey the information about aging through the paracrine pathway and endocrine mechanism through the extracellular vesicles (EVs) connected to SASP. EVs can be used as a way of conduction to join the connection between micro-environmental aging and age-related illnesses. EVs are double-layer membranous vesicles separated or secreted from the cell membrane, which mainly include microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes. Vesicular bodies secreted by this exocrine form carry a variety of cell-derived related substances (including a variety of proteins, lipids, DNA, mRNA, miRNAs, etc). These substances are mainly concentrated in human body fluids, especially can be transported to all parts of the body with the blood circulation system, and participate in the interactions between cells. Osteoporosis is closely associated with aging and aging cells, suggesting EVs were active in this pathological process. In this article, the basic mechanisms of aging cells in the occurrence and progression of osteoporosis through EVs will be discussed, to explore the connection between aging and osteoporosis, thereby providing a new perspective on the occurrence and development as well as prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
Spatiotemporal path inference model for urban rail transit passengers based on travel time data
Authors: Luo Qin , Lin Bin , Lyu Yitong , He Yuxin , Zhang Xiaochun , Zhang Zhiqing
Published: February 2023

Although the ‘one ticket transfer’ mode brings convenience to passengers, it also poses challenges to the passenger flow assignment. The current widely used multi‐path probability assignment model based on traffic cost realizes the passenger flow distribution from the macro‐perspective but lacks the consideration of passenger attributes and the time‐varying characteristics of passenger travel time. Here, a novel spatiotemporal path inference model is proposed for Urban Rail Transit (URT) passengers based on the travel time data and train operation information. In this study, the impact of passengers detained at the platform on passenger travel itinerary is considered by characterizing the passenger detention rate. The proposed method realizes the reverse inference of passenger path from the micro‐perspective, and can accurately describe the specific travel process of each passenger. Moreover, the real‐world data of Shenzhen Metro in China is taken to verify the rationality of the proposed model. The results show that the model is in good agreement with the existing clearance model and can accurately infer the passenger travel itinerary from the micro‐perspective. The proposed method provides a more refined solution for the spatial‐temporal assignment of URT passenger flow.
Maximum current injection method for grid‐forming inverters in an islanded microgrid subject to short circuits
Authors: Miret Jaume , Castilla Miguel , Velasco Manel , Guzmán Ramón , de Vicuña Luis García
Published: February 2023

In islanded microgrids, when a short circuit or a sudden overload occurs, it provokes an abrupt increment in the currents supplied by the generation nodes, which feed the load collaboratively. This is particularly challenging for inverter‐based nodes, due to its reduced power capacity. This work takes advantage of the droop‐method basic configuration to propose an additional closed‐loop control, which ensures maximum current injection during any kind of short circuit maintaining the underlying droop control. Ensuring that any node injects its maximum rated current during the short circuit, it emulates the most common low‐voltage ride‐through protocols for grid‐feeding sources oriented to support the grid and, in this way, the voltage unbalance is reduced. To develop the control proposal, a model of the faulted system is presented in order to evaluate the stability of the closed‐loop system. A general modelling methodology is introduced in order to derive the control for any microgrid configuration. Finally, selected experimental results are reported in order to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control.
First polar observations of the fast solar wind with the Metis – Solar Orbiter coronagraph: Role of 2D turbulence energy dissipation in the wind acceleration
Authors: Telloni D. , Antonucci E. , Adhikari L. , Zank G. P. , Giordano S. , Vai M. , Zhao L.-L. , Andretta V. , Burtovoi A. , Capuano G. E. , Da Deppo V. , De Leo Y. , Fineschi S. , Grimani C. , Heinzel P. , Jerse G. , Landini F. , Liberatore A. , Moses J. D. , Naletto G. , Nicolini G. , Pancrazzi M. , Romoli M. , Russano G. , Sasso C. , Slemer A. , Spadaro D. , Stangalini M. , Susino R. , Teriaca L. , Uslenghi M. , Sorriso-Valvo L. , Marino R. , Perrone D. , D’Amicis R. , Bruno R.
Published: February 2023

Context.The fast solar wind is known to emanate from polar coronal holes.

Aims.This Letter reports the first estimate of the expansion rate of polar coronal flows performed by the Metis coronagraph on board Solar Orbiter.

Methods.By exploiting simultaneous measurements in polarized white light and ultraviolet intensity of the neutral hydrogen Lyman-αline, it was possible to extend observations of the outflow velocity of the main component of the solar wind from polar coronal holes out to 5.5 R⊙, the limit of diagnostic applicability and observational capabilities.

Results.We complement the results obtained with analogous polar observations performed with the UltraViolet Coronagraph Spectrometer on board the SOlar and Heliospheric Observatory during the previous full solar activity cycle, and find them to be satisfactorily reproduced by a magnetohydrodynamic turbulence model.

Conclusions.This suggests that the dissipation of 2D turbulence energy is a viable mechanism for coronal plasma heating and the subsequent acceleration of the fast solar wind.
Nuclear astrophysics activities at the n_TOF facility at CERN
Authors: Massimi Cristian ,   The n_TOF Collaboration
Published: February 2023

The n_TOF facility at CERN is operational since 2001, and provides neutron-induced cross section data of interest to several research fields, including nuclear astrophysics. The neutron time-of-flight (TOF) facility features three experimental areas located at different distances from the pulsed neutron source. Two beam lines at nominal distance of 185 and 19 m are especially equipped for TOF experiments. A third station at approximately 3 meters from the neutron source was conceived for irradiation and activation measurements. So far, neutron-induced cross sections for more than 100 isotopes have been measured.
Radioactive Ion Beams: Production and Experiments at INFN-LNL
Authors: Mazzocco Marco
Published: February 2023

In this contribution the main mechanisms and techniques for the production of Radioactive Ion Beams are reviewed. In particular, the in-flight facility EXOTIC at INFN-LNL will be described and the results of a recent measurement of interest for the cosmological 7Li problem will be presented.
Overview of Numerical Simulations for Calculating In-Plasma β-Decay Rates in the Framework of PANDORA Project
Authors: Mishra Bharat ,   on behalf of the PANDORA collaboration
Published: February 2023

β-decay rates are essential inputs in stellar nucleosynthesis models to explain observed nuclear abundances. While current models continue to use terrestrial values, experiments in storage rings indicate strong divergence between decay rates of neutral and ionised atoms [1], necessitating renewed investigations into stellar decay rates. The PANDORA project aims at measuring lifetimes of specific radio-isotopes trapped in an ECR plasma (which mimics astrophysical environments to some extent) and compare them with theoretical predictions [2], consequently verifying the models and allowing decay rate estimation for any isotope in the stellar interior. We present here a simulation scheme to characterise the space-resolved charge state and level population distribution of buffer and radio-isotope ions in ECR ion sources in order to calculate in-plasma decay rates. The algorithm is based on a Particle-in-Cell Monte Carlo (PIC-MC) routine that simultaneously models charge transport with collision-radiative processes. Preliminary results from the simulation are also shown, along with important takeaways for code-optimisation.
The impact of Lidocaine gel on TNF-α expression in surgically induced oral mucosal ulcers: an immunohistochemical analysis in rabbits
Authors: Hamed Rayan S. , Naser Alyaa I. , Al-Allaf Luma I. , Taqa Ghada A.
Published: February 2023

Background: Besides being a local anesthetic agent lidocaine is a promising anti-inflammatory agent with limited studies on its effect on the mucosa. Aim: Assess the anti-inflammatory effect of lidocaine following surgical induction wound in the oral mucosa as assessed by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 32 albino rabbits that were categorized into 2 equal groups of 16 rabbits: In the control group an oral wound was surgically induced and left without treatment and in the treatment group an oral wound was surgically induced and received topical Lidocaine gel. Euthanasia of animals was carried out on days 1, 3, 7, and 10, and sample sites were processed for histopathological and immunohistochemical staining for TNF-α. Results: In the histological observations, it was noticed that the healing process was more rapid and convenient in the test group compared to the control group. For Immunohistochemical assessment, the TNF-α started to express clearly at 1 day and gradually decreased and disappeared at 10 days with a superior effect of the lidocaine group over the control group. Conclusion: Lidocaine seems to have anti-inflammatory reactions by lowering TNF-α levels and preventing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Muster von problematischem Kaufverhalten unter Studierenden und deren
Unterschiede in Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen, materieller Werteorientierung,
psychischer Belastung und Produktpräferenz
Authors: Oppong Luisa , Franke Gabriele Helga , Jagla-Franke Melanie
Published: February 2023

Ziel der Studie ist, zu einem differenzierten Verständnis von
Kaufsucht beizutragen, indem untersucht wird, inwieweit problematisches
Kaufverhalten als mehrdimensionales Konstrukt zu verstehen ist. Um
Fachkräfte in Prävention und Unterstützung von
Betroffenen zu sensibilisieren, werden verschiedene Personengruppen mit
problematischem Kaufverhalten voneinander abgegrenzt.

Methodik Es wurden N=258 Studierende zu Kaufverhalten und
Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen, materieller Werteorientierung, psychischer
Belastung sowie Produktpräferenzen befragt. Die Dimensionalität
des problematischen Kaufverhaltens wurde faktorenanalytisch geprüft und
bildet die Grundlage für nachgeschaltete Cluster- und Diskriminanz-
sowie Varianzanalysen zur Differenzierung verschiedener Personengruppen mit
problematischem Kaufverhalten.

Ergebnisse Problematisches Kaufverhalten setzt sich aus fehlender
Bedarfsorientierung, impulsiv-reaktivem Verhalten und
selbstregulatorisch-reflektierter Tendenz zusammen. Es zeigten sich die zwei
Subtypen Status- sowie Selbstregulationskonsumierende, die sich im
Ausmaß ihrer Somatisierung unterscheiden. Auffällig
Konsumierende hatten im Vergleich zu Personen mit unauffälligem
Kaufverhalten eine höhere materielle Werteorientierung und einen
höheren Neurotizismuswert. Verglichen mit gewöhnlichen
Konsumierenden waren Selbstregulationskonsumierende weniger offen und
verträglich, stärker psychisch belastet und hatten mehr
Produktpräferenzen.

Schlussfolgerung Problematisches Kaufverhalten sollte zukünftig in
Bezug auf fehlende Bedarfsorientierung, impulsiv-reaktives Verhalten und
selbstregulatorisch-reflektierte Tendenz differenzierter klassifiziert und
diagnostiziert werden. Neurotizismus, materielle Werteorientierung sowie
zugrundeliegende Kaufmotive, wie die Aufwertung von Status und Identität
oder die Regulation von aversiven Emotionen, könnten eine bedeutende
Rolle in Prävention und Behandlung von problematischem Kaufverhalten
spielen.
An equity and environmental justice assessment of anti-science actions during the Trump administration
Authors: Desikan Anita , MacKinney Taryn , Kalman Casey , Carter Jacob M. , Reed Genna , Goldman Gretchen T.
Published: February 2023

In the United States, science shapes federal health and safety protections, but political officials can and do politicize federal science and science-based safeguards. Many presidential administrations have politicized science, but under the administration of President Trump, these attacks on science—such as buried research, censored scientists, halted data collection—increased in number to unprecedented levels. Underserved communities bore the brunt of the harms. Such attacks disproportionately harm Black, Indigenous, low-income communities, and communities of color, all of whom have long been burdened by pollution exposure and other stressors. We analyze the effects on underserved communities of the Trump administration’s anti-science environmental and public health policy actions and offer policy recommendations for current and future administrations. Our goal is to strengthen scientific integrity, prioritize health disparity research, and meaningfully engage affected communities in federal rulemaking.
Global solutions to the 3D compressible Navier–Stokes equations with a class of special initial data
Authors: Yu Yanghai , Wang Hui , Li Jinlu , Yang Xiaolei
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we consider the Cauchy problem of tri-dimensional compressible Navier–Stokes equations and construct global smooth solutions by choosing a class of new special initial velocity and density whose Ḃ2,∞−s-norm can be arbitrarily large and improve the previous result in Li et al. [J. Math. Fluid Mech. 24, 22 (2022)]. Our main idea is splitting the linearized equations from the compressible Navier–Stokes equations and exploring the damping effect of the linearized system.
Vibrational response functions for multidimensional electronic spectroscopy in nonadiabatic models
Authors: Troiani Filippo
Published: February 2023

The interplay of nuclear and electronic dynamics characterizes the multidimensional electronic spectra of various molecular and solid-state systems. Theoretically, the observable effect of such interplay can be accounted for by response functions. Here, we report analytical expressions for the response functions corresponding to a class of model systems. These are characterized by coupling between the diabatic electronic states and the vibrational degrees of freedom, resulting in linear displacements of the corresponding harmonic oscillators, and by nonadiabatic couplings between pairs of diabatic states. In order to derive the linear response functions, we first perform the Dyson expansion of the relevant propagators with respect to the nonadiabatic component of the Hamiltonian, then derive and expand with respect to the displacements the propagators at given interaction times, and finally provide analytical expressions for the time integrals that lead to the different contributions to the linear response function. The approach is then applied to the derivation of third-order response functions describing different physical processes: ground state bleaching, stimulated emission, excited state absorption, and double quantum coherence. Comparisons between the results obtained up to sixth order in the Dyson expansion and independent numerical calculation of the response functions provide evidence of the series convergence in a few representative cases.
Mass loss, sublimation, and surface damage of lanthanum hexaboride in an arc jet plasma
Authors: Dickstein Dylan , Ghazari Arian , Nadvornick Warren , Liao Michael , Carson Brandon , Goorsky Mark , Ghoniem Nasr
Published: February 2023

An experimental and simulation-based approach is used to determine the effects of an arc jet plasma on the refractory ceramic material lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6). Experiments are performed at the High Energy Flux Test facilitY (HEFTY) located at UCLA. An SG-100 plasma jet generates an argon plasma into a vacuum chamber and imparts a maximum heat flux of 19.5 MW/m2 onto LaB6 disks. Heat flux results are calibrated using a combination of thermocouple data as well as multiphysics numerical simulations in COMSOL, which aim to replicate the testing environment. Moreover, material characterization tools including scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and optical profilometry are used to better understand the mechanisms by which LaB6 loses mass through evaporation, sublimation, and surface damage during an arc jet exposure. It is determined that a minimum energy fluence of 200–300 MJ/m2 produces a consistent LaB6 melt pool and that an incident heat flux of 19.5 MW/m2 results in a 0.11 mm/s surface recession rate.
Fully integrated interior solutions of GR for stationary rigidly rotating cylindrical perfect fluids
Authors: Célérier M.-N.
Published: February 2023

In an important series of articles published during the 1970s, Krasiński [Acta Phys. Pol. B 5, 411 (1974); 6, 223 (1975); J. Math. Phys. 16, 125 (1975); Rep. Math. Phys. 14, 225 (1978)] displayed a class of interior solutions of the Einstein field equations sourced by a stationary isentropic rotating cylinder of a perfect fluid. However, these solutions depend on an unspecified arbitrary function, which leads the author to claim that the equation of state of the fluid could not be obtained directly from the field equations but had to be added by hand. In the present article, we use a double ansatz, which we have developed in 2021 and implemented at length into a series of recent papers displaying exact interior solutions for a stationary rotating cylindrically symmetric fluid with anisotropic pressure. This ansatz allows us to obtain here a fully integrated class of solutions to the Einstein equations, written with the use of very simple analytical functions, and to show that the equation of state of the fluid follows naturally from these field equations.
Large eddy simulation of dynamic stall over an airfoil and its control with plasma actuator
Authors: Zhang Hengyang , Yu Haocheng , Zhang Ao , Zheng Jianguo
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate deep dynamic stall over a pitching National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics 0015 airfoil and its control with an alternating current dielectric barrier discharge (AC-DBD) plasma actuator by means of large eddy simulation. The airfoil oscillates at a reduced frequency of k = 0.08 with the angle of attack (AoA) varying between 5° and 25°. The chord-based Reynolds number is Re = 7.6 × 104. Rich fluid dynamics and physics involved in the dynamic stall are resolved by large eddy simulation. It is found that the dynamic stall under consideration initiates with the onset of a leading edge vortex (LEV). The deep dynamic stall is characterized and dominated by four successive LEVs at high angles of attack. The control of dynamic stall with AC-DBD plasma actuation is investigated in depth. At low AoAs, the plasma forcing can delay the laminar-to-turbulent transition of the attached flow over the suction surface of the airfoil. Although the formation of the first LEV is delayed by the plasma actuation, the first three LEVs cannot be effectively suppressed in high AoAs beyond 20°. The impact of the AC-DBD on the flow becomes increasingly pronounced in the downstroke phase, and at the intermediate angles of attack, the flow separation can be effectively controlled. Substantial gain from the flow control is obtained. The area of the lift hysteresis loop and drag force are appreciably reduced, and the nose-down pitch moment is alleviated notably. Finally, the influence of forcing frequency on flow control is examined.
Topological Fano resonance of symmetric Lamb wave induced by antisymmetric trapped mode
Authors: Sun Chaoyu , Song Ailing , Liu Zhijun , Xiang Yanxun , Xuan Fu-Zhen
Published: February 2023

The rapid development of topological physics in recent years has greatly enriched the methods for manipulating classic waves. Fano resonance is a widespread phenomenon featured with asymmetric and ultrasharp transmission line shape, which is induced by the constructive and destructive interference of two resonance modes with different quality factors. The temporal coupling mode theory is introduced to theoretically describe the physical process of Fano phenomena with two topological resonance states. The mechanism of the pass band led by the coupling between local resonance and Bragg scattering is introduced to design the antisymmetric topological resonance state and suppress the interference of the antisymmetric propagation mode. The complex eigenvalue analysis shows that the antisymmetric topological resonance state can be treated as the bound state in continuum (BIC). The periods of the phononic crystal (PnC) can be largely reduced by this scheme. The mechanism of coupling between two topological resonance modes attributed to geometric parameter variation is explained by the perturbing perspective and the temporal coupled mode theory. By theoretical analysis, the antisymmetric topological resonance state can be simultaneously treated as symmetric protected BIC and Friedrich–Wintgen BIC. Then, the design method for PnC with Fano resonance is proposed. The numerical results are in good agreement with the theoretical outcomes. The research results may find potential applications and offer the theoretical directive guideline for design in the fields of non-destructive testing, radio-frequency filters, resonators, and sensors.
The effect of temperature and sulfolane concentration on aqueous electrolyte with molecular crowding: A molecular dynamics simulation study
Authors: Zhang Wenyu , Gao Wei , Zhang Lisha , Hu Minghui , Zhao Man , Feng Huajie
Published: February 2023

Molecular crowding agents can significantly suppress water activity by affecting hydrogen bonds. Here, we performed molecular dynamics simulation to study the effect of temperature and concentration of sulfolane, a crowding agent, on aqueous electrolytes. The mean square displacement, diffusion coefficient, coordination number, number density distribution, and average number of intermolecular hydrogen bonds were calculated and discussed. Due to the molecular crowding, the effect of temperature and sulfolane concentration on the average number of hydrogen bonds between water molecules is very interesting. When the concentration of sulfolane is low, the average number of hydrogen bonds between water molecules decreases monotonically with increasing temperature. However, when the concentration of sulfolane reaches a certain value, the average number of hydrogen bonds between water molecules no longer monotonically decreases but first increases and then decreases. When the concentration of sulfolane continues to increase, the average number of hydrogen bonds between water molecules tended to an abnormal monotonic increase. This work provides a deep study of the molecular crowding at the molecular level under wide ranges of temperature and concentration for designing aqueous electrolytes.
Traveling internal waves in a two-layer shallow medium with variable bathymetry and current
Authors: Churilov S. M.
Published: February 2023

In the linear approximation, we examine one-dimensional problems of long internal wave propagation in a stationary flow of two-layer fluids with free boundary in a channel of variable depth and width. We use the shallow-water approximation and assume that liquids in the layers are ideal, immiscible, and have a small relative density difference inherent to natural currents. The conditions the flow must satisfy for wave propagation without reflection are found and analyzed. It is shown that there are three classes of such flows, and the characteristic properties of each of them are studied and compared with those found earlier in a similar problem for surface waves. A general analysis of the problem is illustrated by a few particular solutions. The results obtained can be of interest for understanding natural phenomena in which internal waves play a significant role.
A novel design of metasurface antenna for multiple applications: Magnitude, phase, and radiation manipulation
Authors: Zhang C. , Cao X. Y. , Li S. J. , Yang H. H. , Li T.
Published: February 2023

Multifunctional metasurface triggers great interest due to their potential ability to manipulate the propagation of electromagnetic (EM) waves. Here, we propose a novel design of metasurface to realize EM wave magnitude, phase, and radiation manipulation. The metasurface unit cell consists of different structures with various functions. Double-square loops with lumped resistors can realize the absorption function to manipulate the reflected wave magnitude. Square spilt rings etched on the top and middle layers are to realize polarization conversion and phase manipulation. Finally, the radiation function is achieved through adding a feeding structure to a middle square patch of each unit. A 4 × 4 metasurface array is fabricated and tested to verify the design correctness. Both simulated and measured results indicate the sample can attain good radiation and scattering performance. The proposed metasurface offers a feasible strategy to design multifunctional metadevices and for other related practical applications.
Sub-pT oscillatory magnetometric system using magnetoresistive sensor array for a low-field magnetic particle imaging
Authors: Trisnanto Suko Bagus , Kasajima Tamon , Akushichi Taiju , Takemura Yasushi
Published: February 2023

Implementing low ac excitation fields toward clinical magnetic particle imaging (MPI) system is critical to avoid magnetostimulation effects. However, low-field MPI scenario demands high sensitivity to probe the change in monotone magnetization response of magnetic nanoparticles. Here, we use an array of ultrasensitive MR sensors to detect sub-pT magnetic signal and obtain its spatial distribution. While each sensor is operated at 5 V, signal processing circuit rises its sensitivity to 20 mV pT−1 at 10 kHz with 0.25 pT noise level. In evaluating sensor performance, we initially measured a 10-kHz magnetic field from a 40-turns coil with 1 mm in diameter. MR sensor recognizes magnetic signal of mini coil to be linear with the coil input current. We then recorded the signals simultaneously from a 6 × 6 sensor channels to map the fields at 0.2 kHz. While placing mini coil 50 mm apart from the array, we obtained high-contrast field image showing coil position and its change in field polarity. For practical nanoparticle detection, we later used a 3 × 3 array configuration for the 10 kHz oscillatory magnetometry while compensating the MR sensor magnetically from the ac excitation field. Despite a 20-pT noise floor associated with the field compensation circuit, we were able to map stray fields of a 37-mgFe iron oxide nanoparticle sample distanced 100 mm from the array, under 12.4 µT/μ0 field amplitude. This result highlights usability of MR sensor array for low-field MPI system.
Synthesis, crystal structure, and magnetic properties of CoMoFeAl and related compounds
Authors: Baker Gavin , Wysong Jax , Valloppilly Shah , Shand Paul , Lukashev Pavel , Kharel Parashu
Published: February 2023

We have carried out joint theoretical and experimental investigations of three Heusler compounds CoMoFeAl, CoMo0.5Fe1.5Al, and Co1.5Mo0.5FeAl. Our first-principle calculations show that all three compounds show either ferro- or ferrimagnetic order with CoMoFeAl and CoMo0.5Fe1.5Al exhibiting high spin polarization of almost 80%. The investigated samples were prepared using arc melting and high vacuum annealing. All the samples show cubic crystal structure with disorder. The parent compound CoMoFeAl shows a small saturation magnetization of 12 emu/g, and a Curie temperature of 440 K. The other two compounds, namely, Co1.5Mo0.5FeAl and CoMo0.5Fe1.5Al, show much higher saturation magnetizations of 62 emu/g and 59 emu/g, and substantially higher Curie temperatures of 950 K and 780 K, respectively.
Constituent contribution to the magnetocrystalline anisotropy in Mn(Al1−xGax)
Authors: Liu X. B. , Ryan D. H. , Altounian Z.
Published: February 2023

The phase stability and magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA) of tetragonal Mn(Al1−xGax) with the L10-type structure (P4/mmm) has been studied using first-principles density functional calculations. The calculated decomposition energy indicates that partial replacement of Al by Ga suppresses the formation of Mn5(Al,Ga)8 and enhances the thermal stability of the L10 phase while the total magnetic moment per formula unit (f.u.) remains almost unchanged. The site- and atomic-resolved MCA calculations show that the MCA energy (MAE) comes mainly from the Mn atoms, and the total MAE increases from 0.25 meV/f.u. (x = 0) to 0.34 meV/f.u (x = 1). Spin resolved MCA and band structure calculations indicate that the high MCA is mainly due to spin flipping behavior near Fermi level. The derived effective magnetic anisotropy field increases from 37 kOe (x = 0) to 46 kOe (x = 1), in agreement with experiments. Doping with Ga improves the thermal stability of the L10 structure and enhances the magnetic anisotropy field, which facilitates developing high coercivity Mn-Al magnets.
Hierarchical cache configuration based on hybrid SOT- and STT-MRAM
Authors: Han Shaopu , Wang Qiguang , Jiang Yanfeng
Published: February 2023

With the rapid growth of big data information and the continuous iteration progress of CPU architecture, the implementation of a new memory-based cache architecture is urgent and challenging. In the paper, a CPU cache architecture system based on MRAM is built. Firstly, the performance of SRAM, STT-MRAM and SOT-MRAM as caches from 8 kb to 32 Mb is evaluated. Secondly, by summarizing the performance of SRAM and MRAM in different cache levels, a new quad-core CPU cache architecture design scheme with SOT-MRAM as the first level of cache and STT-MRAM as the second level of cache is determined. Thirdly, the built cache system is simulated. A non-inclusive strategy is proposed to replace the inclusive strategy in order to solve the problem of high dynamic energy of STT-MRAM at the second level. The idea of having a quad-core CPU dynamically share the second-level cache is proposed in the paper. Finally, the caching system in the paper is compared with the other previous works, showing up to 60.78% energy consumption advantage and 33.22% leakage power advantage. The proposed MRAM-based CPU cache system and the corresponding cache strategy have potential application with the benefits of low power and less area.
Transport and electron spin resonance studies in Mo-doped LaMnO3
Authors: Lee Yong Heng , Mahendiran Ramanathan
Published: February 2023

We report the magnetic, electrical, thermoelectric, and magnetic resonance properties of the Mn-site doped manganite LaMn0.94Mo0.06O3. This sample undergoes an insulator-metal transition around 235 K, near the ferromagnetic Curie temperature (TC = 237 K) in zero external magnetic field. On the other hand, thermopower exhibits a maximum at TS = 258 K, which is 23 K higher than TC. This discrepancy is attributed to nucleation of ferromagnetic clusters (Griffiths phase) above TC, which is supported by the deviation of inverse susceptibility from Curie-Weiss from linear behavior below 270 K and non-linear field dependence of magnetization. The magnetic resonance spectra shows both paramagnetic and ferromagnetic resonance signals between 240 and 260 K. It is suggested that the ferromagnetic clusters enlarge in size with lowering temperature and percolate leading to long-range ferromagnetism and metallicity.
Annealing process of Co-Fe-B based multilayers showing skyrmion Brownian motion
Authors: Goto Minori , Ishikawa Ryo , Nomura Hikaru , Suzuki Yoshishige
Published: February 2023

Skyrmions are topological spin textures that exhibit Brownian motion in solids. They have attracted increasing research interest in terms of realizing a device that utilizing stochastic behavior and investigating new physical phenomena. However, skyrmions that exhibit Brownian motion are sensitive to changes in magnetic properties and are easily affected by aging variation. For instance, although skyrmions appear in a sample immediately after fabrication, they sometimes disappear after few weeks. This characteristic prevents the reproducibility experiment and affects device stability. In this study, we demonstrated that aging variation can be suppressed by annealing in air for only 3 min, which is an easy and rapid method. We investigated the change in the magnetic properties by annealing and air exposure and found that the main mechanism of aging variation is oxidation of the sample surface. The magnetic properties of samples with Pt and thick SiO2 capping were analyzed, and we demonstrated that aging variation can be suppressed by avoiding surface oxidation. Our work accelerates the research of fundamental physics regarding skyrmion Brownian motion and of device applications utilizing stochastic system.
Superconducting fluctuation effect on epitaxially layered films of superconductor NbN and half-metallic Heusler alloy Co2MnSi
Authors: Shigeta Iduru , Oku Shuta , Kubota Takahide , Kimura Shojiro , Seki Takeshi , Shinozaki Bunju , Awaji Satoshi , Takanashi Koki , Hiroi Masahiko
Published: February 2023

Superconducting properties were investigated in epitaxially layered films consisting of superconductor NbN and half-metallic Heusler alloy Co2MnSi (CMS). Temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity ρ(T) was measured by applying perpendicular magnetic fields to the surface of NbN/CMS films. With the increase of the CMS thickness dCMS, the upper critical field μ0Hc2 decreased monotonically, but the superconducting transition temperature Tc had the minimum of 10.1 K at dCMS ≈ 5 nm. The Tc behavior was in qualitative agreement with the theory of the π-coupling. The pair-breaking parameter δ determined by the superconducting fluctuation theory took the maximum at dCMS = 3 ∼ 5 nm, which would be related to the minimum of Tc. The experimental results reveal that the superconductivity of the NbN layer in NbN/CMS films is affected by the interplay between the superconducting NbN layer and the half-metallic CMS layer.
Investigation of crystallization process in isotropic rare-earth-rich (Nd or Pr)–Fe–B films
Authors: Fukuda I. , Higashi K. , Higuchi K. , Yamashita A. , Yanai T. , Fukunaga H. , Nakano M.
Published: February 2023

In this paper, the relationship between the initial crystalline behavior and annealing conditions in pulsed laser deposition (PLD)-made Nd-Fe-B and Pr-Fe-B films with rare-earth-rich composition is discussed. The films with rare-earth-rich compositions are prepared via PLD. An annealing process is necessary to obtain the crystalline 2-14-1 phase of hard magnetic properties because all the as-deposited films have an amorphous structure. In conventional annealing, the initial crystallization of the Pr2Fe14B phase occurred at lower temperatures compared with that of the Nd2Fe14B phase, indicating that the annealing temperature of the initial crystallization of the Pr2Fe14B phase was lower than that of the Nd2Fe14B phase. Considering the same crystallization temperature in both the phases, the melting points of both rare-earth elements, Nd and Pr, are considered to relate to the initial crystallization behavior. We also confirmed that the annealing time for Pr2Fe14B phase formation was shorter than that for Nd2Fe14B phase formation.
The acceptability and utility of Indigenous youth health assessments: a narrative systematic review
Authors: Fraser Jed , Askew Deborah , Mahoney Ray , Spurling Geoffrey
Published: February 2023

Background Indigenous youth are navigating the transition from childhood to adulthood while contending with challenges of ongoing colonisation and everyday lived experiences of racism. A comprehensive assessment of Indigenous youth’s health could enable early diagnosis and respond to health concerns. This narrative systematic review synthesises evidence about the acceptability and utility of primary health care-based health assessments for improving the health and wellbeing of Indigenous youth. Methods A systematic search strategy was conducted using 20 electronic databases. Studies were included if they reported on health assessments conducted in primary health care with youth aged 12–24 years who were Indigenous to Australia, New Zealand, Canada, the USA, Taiwan, and the arctic regions of Scandinavia and Russia. A narrative synthesis was undertaken. Results Of 3061 unique studies identified, seven met the eligibility criteria. Included studies showed that youth health assessments were useful for making new diagnoses, detecting social and emotional wellbeing concerns, and biomedical parameters. Co-created health assessments with Indigenous youth conducted by clinicians familiar to the community were well accepted. Digital health assessments administered using an electronic tablet provide advantages. No health outcomes were reported. Additionally, no health assessments addressed the impacts of colonisation and racism. Conclusion There is insufficient evidence to make firm conclusions about the benefits of health assessments; however, health assessments can be useful for detecting new diagnoses and concerns regarding social determinants of health, and social and emotional wellbeing. Future development of Indigenous youth health assessments needs to involve Indigenous youth’s perspectives and interpretations of health.