bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health Facility Capacity and Health-care Worker Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Hepatitis B Vaccine Birth-dose and Maternal Tetanus-Diphtheria Vaccine Administration in Nigeria: A Baseline Assessment
Authors: Uba Belinda V. , Mohammed Yahaya , Nwokoro Ugochukwu Uzoechina , Fadahunsi Rhoda , Adewole Adefisoye , Ugbenyo Gideon , Simple Edwin , Wisdom Margeret Osas , Waziri Ndadilnasiya E. , Michael Charles A. , Okeke Lilian Akudo , Kanu Florence , Ikwe Hadley , Sandhu Hardeep S. , Asekun Adeyelu , Tohme Rania A. , Freeland Catherine , Minta Anna , Bashir Sulaiman Saidu , Isa Abdullahi , Vasumu James J. , Bahuli Abubakar U. , Ugwu George O. , Obi Emmanuel I. , Ismail Binta Aduke , Okposen Bassey Bassey , Bolu Omotayo O. , Shuaib Faisal
Published: October 2024

Background:

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and neonatal tetanus infections remain endemic in Nigeria despite the availability of safe, effective vaccines. We aimed to determine health facilities’ capacity for hepatitis B vaccine birth dose (HepB-BD) and maternal tetanus-diphtheria (Td) vaccination and to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices of HepB-BD and maternal Td vaccine administration among health facility staff in Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study assessing public primary and secondary health facilities in Adamawa and Enugu States. A multistage sampling approach was used to select 40 facilities and 79 health-care workers (HCWs) from each state. A structured facility assessment tool and standardized questionnaire evaluated facility characteristics and HCW knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to HepB-BD and maternal Td vaccination. Frequencies and proportions were reported as descriptive statistics.

Results:

The survey of 80 facilities revealed that 73.8% implemented HepB-BD and maternal Td vaccination policies. HepB-BD was administered within 24 h of birth at 61.3% of facilities and at all times at 57.5%. However, administration seldom occurred in labor and delivery (35%) or maternity wards (16.3%). Nearly half of the facilities (46.3%) had HCWs believing there were contraindications to HepB-BD vaccination. Among 158 HCWs, 26.5% believed tetanus could be transmitted through unprotected sex, prevented by vaccination at birth (46.1%), or by avoiding sharing food and utensils. 65% of HCWs knew HBV infection had the worst outcome for newborns.

Conclusions:

The limited implementation of national policies on HepB-BD and maternal Td vaccination, coupled with knowledge gaps among HCWs, pose significant challenges to timely vaccination, necessitating interventions to address these gaps.
Clinical and Radiological Parameters Affecting the Yield of Routine Electroencephalography in Various Indications
Authors: Shahid Rizwana , Zafar Azra , Nazish Saima , Alameri Sarah Ali , Shariff Erum , Alshamrani Foziah , Aljaafari Danah , Soltan Nehad Mahmoud , Alkhamis Fahd A. , Albakr Aishah Ibrahim , Alabdali Majed , Saqqur Maher
Published: October 2024

Objectives:

To highlight the significance of various clinical and radiological parameters in association with specific electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns in order to prioritize EEG referrals.

Method:

This retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in the neurology department of King Fahad University Hospital, Alkhobar, and involved a review and analysis of EEG and medical records pertaining to 604 patients referred for routine EEG. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. An association between various parameters and EEG yield was established.

Results:

Factors associated with the yield of abnormal EEG patterns were diverse, like generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCs) (P =.05), status epilepticus (SE) (P =.05), altered level of consciousness (ALC) (P =.00), abnormal movement (P =.00), cardiac arrest (P =.00), prior history of epilepsy (P =.04), chronic renal disease (CRD) (P =.03), abnormal neurological exam (P =.00), and cortical lesions on brain imaging (P =.00). Among the abnormal EEG patterns, epileptiform activity (EA) in EEG was associated with focal seizures (P =.03), GTCs (P =.00), falls (P =.05), cardiac arrest (P =.00), a history of epilepsy (P =.00), and hypoxic ischemic injury (P =.03). Encephalopathy in EEG was also associated with focal sz (P =.02), GTCs (P =.00), SE (P =.01), ALC (P =.00), cardiac arrest (P =.00), history of stroke (P =.01), and epilepsy (P =.00).

Conclusion:

Among the studied parameters, patient level of consciousness, neurological exam findings, and neuroimaging findings, with some discrepancies, were found to be the most consistent in predicting the EEG yield. The study demonstrated the value of a proper neurological exam and careful selection of patients to gain the optimum benefit from the routine EEG.
Metopism and Its Clinical Relevance: A Persistent Suture
Authors: Sharma Suyashi , Krishna Hare , Dixit Shilpi G. , Ghatak Surajit
Published: October 2024

Background:

Metopic suture is a dense fibrous joint extending from nasion to bregma. Normally, closure of this suture takes place between 1-8 years of age. Failure of this closure beyond 8 years leads to persistent metopic suture. Persistent metopic suture may mimic skull fracture.

Aim and Objective:

To differentiate metopism from frontal bone fracture.

Material and Method:

54 dry skull of adult humans in were studied. These skulls were observed for the presence (complete or incomplete suture) or absence of metopic suture.

Result:

Metopic suture was found in 3.7% skulls. Both complete and incomplete metopic suture were found in 1.85% of the dry skulls.

Conclusion:

Neurosurgeons, radiologists, otorhinolaryngologists, physicians, anatomists, forensic specialists, anthropologists and evolutionary biologists should have knowledge of this anatomical variation. This case series focusses on the importance of metopism. Metopism is a topic, which has not been much studied.
Thrombocytopenia as a Prognostic Marker in Patients with Acute Encephalitis at a Tertiary Care Center in Northern India
Authors: Atam Virendra , Bhardwaj Akriti , Sawlani Kamal Kumar , Himanshu D. , Verma Rajesh , Verma Shailendra Prasad
Published: October 2024

Background:

Acute encephalitis (AE) is associated with a high burden of mortality and permanent disability and has a spectrum of underlying etiologies. The prognosis of encephalitis is difficult and almost all the patients seem to be at a high risk of poor outcomes. A number of physiological changes take place during encephalitis and have been evaluated for their prognostic value. Platelet count, which has been recognized as a surrogate prognostic marker in various viral illnesses, has recently been recognized to have a prognostic value in AE too. In the present study, we attempted to study the role of thrombocytopenia in the prognosis of AE.

Methods:

Total of 98 cases based on clinical, cerebrospinal fluid, and radiological profiles consistent with the diagnosis of AE were enrolled in the study. A clinical profile was noted, and platelet count was assessed. Thrombocytopenia was defined as platelet count <150,000/mm3. Platelet count 100,000–150,000, 50,000–99,999, and <50,000/mm3 were considered mild, moderate, and severe thrombocytopenia. The underlying etiology was explored, and patients were followed till discharge/outcome. The outcome was noted in terms of the Modified Rankin score (MRS). MRS 0–2 was considered good, 3–4 fair, and 5–6 as poor outcome.

Results:

The mean age of patients was 34.06 ± 18.76 years. Majority of patients were women (54.1%). Prevalence of thrombocytopenia was 75.5%. A total of 34 (45.9%) had mild, 30 (40.5%) had moderate, and 10 (13.5%) had severe thrombocytopenia. Acute viral encephalitis (unclassified) was the most common etiology (33.7%), followed by scrub meningoencephalitis (24.5%) and Japanese encephalitis (12.2%), respectively. Good, fair, and poor outcomes were noted in 48 (49%), 21 (21.4%), and 29 (29.6%) cases. On univariate analysis, no significant association of poor outcome was seen with age, sex, duration of fever, and mechanical ventilation need (P > 0.05). Low Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), splenomegaly, low platelet count, and Japanese encephalitis virus/scrub typhus etiologies were found to be significantly associated with poor outcomes (P < 0.05). Thrombocytopenia compared to normal platelet count and severe thrombocytopenia compared to mild and moderate thrombocytopenia were significantly associated with poor outcomes (P < 0.05). On multivariate analysis, GCS <8 (odds ratio [OR] =4.52; 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.56–13.20) and thrombocytopenia (OR = 11.92; 95% CI = 1.38–103.32) emerged as independent predictors of poor outcome.

Conclusions:

The findings of the study showed that low GCS and thrombocytopenia could be used as predictors of poor outcomes in AE cases.
Psychopathology teaching in residency program – An art losing its shine: Psychiatry trainee residents’ experience
Authors: Mehra Aseem , Chakravarty Rahul
Published: October 2024

Background:

Teaching psychopathology in a residency program is considered the “heart” of the training program. There is a lack of data on evaluating psychiatry resident training in psychopathology.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to evaluate residents’ experience and satisfaction in terms of training and teaching psychopathology during the psychiatry residency program.

Methods:

It was a mixed-method design study and was cross-sectional. A total of 53 psychiatry residents (pursuing postgraduate courses) participated. Participants were assessed using qualitative and quantitative questionnaires. Qualitative interviews consisted of open-ended questionnaires. The student satisfaction questionnaire was quantitative.

Results:

In terms of dissatisfaction with the teaching specific skills during postgraduation, the most common dissatisfaction reported was with the quality of the clinical environment (35.8%), psychopathology taught during the course of the training period (34.0%), and the teaching of skills of interview technique to elaborate and label the psychopathology during the course of the training period (32.1%).

Conclusion:

Most of the residents were not satisfied with the teaching of psychopathology. Supervision was not adequate from the seniors and teachers for teaching psychopathology. The most commonly emerged strategy to teach psychopathology was the supervision of clinical interviews with real patients, and the initial 1st year should be more focused on teaching psychopathology in clinical settings. It can be said that there should be some competency-based training programs for the residents.
Intraparotid Facial Nerve Schwannoma - A Case Report
Authors: Kumar Yekula Kiran , Rajan Yadavalli R. D.
Published: October 2024

Rationale:

Intraparotid facial nerve schwannoma (IPFNS) is a rare entity. Diagnosing these tumours is challenging as multiple differential diagnoses exist for swellings in the infraauricular region. Delay in diagnosis can lead to adverse outcomes.

Patient Concerns:

A 27-year-old female presented with swelling over the left infraauricular region, which concerned her cosmetic appearance.

Diagnosis:

It was initially misdiagnosed with imaging techniques computerised tomography (CT scan) and fine-needle aspiration cytology, leading to a diagnostic dilemma.

Treatment:

Superficial parotidectomy was planned and intraoperatively, a cystic lesion was seen adherent to the temporal branch of the facial nerve, which was resected along with the nerve branch. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis as facial nerve schwannoma.

Outcomes:

The patient’s cosmetic concern was resolved but there was loss of wrinkles over the ipsilateral forehead region. No recurrence was seen.

Take-Away Lessons:

IPFNS often causes a diagnostic dilemma and an appropriate and timely diagnosis is required to decrease the morbidity and undertreatment.
Pulsed Field Ablation in the Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias: A State-of-the-art Review
Authors: Yu Fengyuan , Tang Min
Published: October 2024

Pulsed-field ablation (PFA), specifically irreversible electroporation, induces cell membrane damage through the formation of irreversible pores, leading to apoptosis and necrosis, with applications in tumor treatment and myocardium ablation since 2007. This review is on PFA in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias, including the basic principles, clinical applications, and hot issues of PFA. Presently, the pulsed electric field has demonstrated its effectiveness and safety in the treatment of atrial fibrillation, which is not inferior to that of traditional thermal energy. Research and application on pulsed electric ablation is rapidly advancing due to its advantages of rapidity and specificity in lesion creation. Moreover, pulsed electric ablation has reduced the difficulty of catheter manipulation in pulmonary vein isolation, making it an available treatment to benefit more patients.
A Comparative Study between Ultrasound-guided Concomitant Infraclavicular Plus Distal Median, Radial, and Ulnar Nerve Blockade Versus Infraclavicular Block Alone
Authors: Priya T Jaya , Sivathangavel TG , Priyadharsini K. Soundarya , Prasad T. Krishna
Published: October 2024

Background:

Peripheral nerve blocks can be used alone as the sole ‘surgical’ anesthetic technique as the initial step in providing prolonged postoperative analgesia. There are studies, where accurate deposition of local anesthetic perineurally has the potential to improve the success rate and reduce the incidence of complications of the infraclavicular block. We hypothesized whether a combined block of the infraclavicular brachial plexus and distal median, radial, and ulnar nerves would accelerate upper extremity anesthesia compared with an infraclavicular block alone.

Materials and Methods:

This study was a prospective randomized control study conducted among 60 patients undergoing elective and emergency wrist and hand surgeries. A group of 30 patients received an infraclavicular block with 30 mL of a local anesthetic mixture containing 1% lignocaine with adrenaline and 0.25% bupivacaine from Group A. Group B received an infraclavicular block with 15 mL of local anesthetic mixture containing 1% lignocaine with adrenaline and 0.25% bupivacaine along with distal median, radial, and ulnar nerve blockade with 5 mL each of local anesthetic mixture containing 1% lignocaine with adrenaline and 0.25% bupivacaine. Pain score, assessment of sensory and motor functions, block performance time, and surgical anesthesia were observed.

Results:

The mean block performance time of Group A was 10.9 ± 1.1 min and Group B was 14.7 ± 0.5 min. The difference between the two groups’ block performance minutes was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The difference in the onset of the sensory block between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The mean onset of motor blockade between the two groups was statistically very highly significant (P < 0.001). The mean of Group A was 5.0 ± 0.2 and Group B was 2.1 ± 0.4.

Conclusion:

From this study, we conclude that using an approximately equivalent dose of local anesthetics, combining ultrasound-guided infraclavicular block with distal median, radial, and ulnar nerve blockade shortens the onset time of sensory and motor block with improved block consistency compared to infraclavicular block alone.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia – A Threatening Nosocomial Pathogen
Authors: Gawande Ruchita , Sande Suvarna
Published: October 2024

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a ubiquitous Gram-negative rod which has emerged as one of the major causes of nosocomial infections. It can cause pneumonia, septicemia, meningitis, urinary tract, and wound infections, and is associated with high mortality in immune-compromised patients. Pathogenesis in S. maltophilia infections is an outcome of multiple virulence factors, including outer membrane lipopolysaccharide, extracellular enzymes, porins, pilli, biofilm formation, motility, and small colony variants, among others. S. maltophilia shows high intrinsic and acquired resistance to all commonly used antibiotics, limiting the number of therapeutic choices. The aim of this review is to summarize the virulence factors, antibiotic resistance mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of S. maltophilia infections.
A class of Hausdorff–Berezin operators on the unit ball
Authors: Karapetyants Alexey , Mirotin Adolf
Published: October 2024

The article introduces and studies Hausdorff–Berezin operators on the unit ball in a complex space. These operators are a natural generalization of the Berezin transform. In addition, the class of such operators contains, for example, the invariant Green potential, and some other operators of complex analysis. Sufficient and necessary conditions for boundedness in the space of p – integrable functions with Haar measure (invariant with respect to involutive automorphisms of the unit ball) are given. We also provide results on compactness of Hausdorff–Berezin operators in Lebesgue spaces on the unit ball. Such operators have previously been introduced and studied in the context of the unit disc in the complex plane. Present work is a natural continuation of these studies.
Efficacy of oral roxadustat combined with L-carnitine for dialysis-induced anemia in patients with chronic renal failure
Authors: Zhang Chun , Shang Liutong , An Lianqing , Liu Wei , Zhang Yajun , Liu Zhenjiang
Published: October 2024

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of oral roxadustat plus L-carnitine for dialysis-induced anemia in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF).
Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 46 patients conducted on 100 CRF cases with dialysisinduced anemia treated at Xinjiang  Armed Police Crops Hospital from March 2020 to March 2023. The participants were randomly distributed into study (n = 54) and control  groups (n = 46). The control group received oral roxadustat (100 mg for patients weighing 45 - 60 kg, and 120 mg for patients ≥ 60 kg, thrice per week), while the study group was administered roxadustat in combination with L-carnitine (2 g injected using the dialysis  machine before the end of each session). Anemia indices, and iron metabolism indices in the two groups were assessed before treatment  and 3 months after treatment. Adverse effects were compared between groups.
Results: The study group showed  significantly higher red blood cell count, haemoglobin level as well as haematocrit after treatment compared to control group (p > 0.05).  Also, total iron binding capacity, and serum iron and ferritin levels were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group  (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Roxadustat combined with L-carnitine significantly reduces anemia and improves iron metabolism without  increasing adverse reactions. However, there is a need for additional studies to assess the therapeutic potential of this combined  regimen.
Effect of Kangfuxin liquid combined with triamcinolone acetonide in oral submucosal fibrous degeneration
Authors: Zhang Xinyun , Zhang Shuntao , Pu Enze , Huang Mingde , Xiao Wei , Wang Quanbing , Liu Chanjuan , Shen Lei
Published: October 2024

Purpose: To investigate the effect of Kangfuxin liquid combined with triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of oral submucous fibrous degeneration.
Methods: A total of 140 patients with oral submucosal fibrous degeneration admitted to the outpatient clinic of Haiyan County  Stomatological Hospital, China from June 2020 to June 2023 were divided equally into study and control groups. The study group received  Kangfuxin liquid in addition to 1 mL triamcinolone acetonide (40 mg/mL) while the control group received 1 mL triamcinolone acetonide; therapeutic effects were compared after 4 weeks of treatment. Visual analogue scale (VAS) score, serum transforming growth factor  (TGF-β1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were determined. Also, whole blood viscosity (WBV), plasma  viscosity (PV), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and incidence of adverse reactions were evaluated.
Result: The study group showed  significantly reduced pain levels compared to the control group, as well as lower mucosal damage areas and improved mouth opening  after 4 weeks of treatment compared to control group (p < 0.05). Also, the study group showed significantly lower TGF-β1, TNF-α and IL-6  compared to control group after treatment (p < 0.05). It showed significantly lower WBV, PV, and ESR compared to control group (p <  0.05). Furthermore, the study group showed significantly lower incidence of adverse reactions than the control group (p < 0.05). 
Conclusion: Kangfuxin liquid, when combined with triamcinolone acetonide, lowers pain, reduces the levels of STGF-β1, improves  hemorheology, and produces minimal adverse effects compared to triamcinolone alone. Future studies should focus on long-term  outcomes to better assess the therapeutic potential of this combined regimen.
Knowledge and awareness of ketoacidosis associated with high exposure to acetone-containing products: A crosssectional assessment
Authors: Issa Reem , Albals Dima , Khatatbeh Moawiah , Alshari Osama , AlSafi Saafan
Published: October 2024

Purpose: To assess the knowledge and awareness of the Jordanian public about the hazards associated with high levels of exposure to acetone-containing products.
Methods: The study was conducted between September 2019 and December 2020. An electronic anonymous questionnaire was  distributed via different channels to be self-completed by the study population. Socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge about  acetone-containing nail polish removers and sterilizing products, and awareness about the risk of ketoacidosis associated with high degree of exposure to these products, were assessed.
Results: The findings revealed that a majority of participants were aware of the  presence of acetone in nail polish removers (92.61 %) and sterilizing products (84.41 %), regardless of gender, age, educational type and  educational level. In addition, females (70.4 or 83.0 %), youngest age group (70.7 or 83.0 %), those with health-related education (56.6 or  76.0 %), and graduates (72.0 or 83.9 %) were significantly (p < 0.05) more aware about the safety of these products if inhaled or exposed  to flame sources, respectively, than their peers. Moreover, concerning the risks of developing ketoacidosis and raised liver ketone levels  as hazards associated with the high degree of exposure to acetone-containing products, females (44.2, 41.9 and 50.6 %), those with  health-related education (64.1, 63.4 and 73.3 %), youngest age group (47.4, 44.6 and 56.5 %), and graduates (45.3, 43.5 and 52.8 %),  respectively, were significantly more aware than the others (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: These findings indicate signs of significantly poor  awareness about the serious risks associated with acetone-caused ketoacidosis among the study population. Therefore, well-organized educational campaigns are needed to enlighten graduates with health-related education and to improve public perception of the health  hazards associated with human exposure to acetone-containing products.
Baza danych pieczęci gminnych na Śląsku w latach 1722–1945
Authors: Starczewska-Wojnar Aleksandra
Published: October 2024

Researching and cataloging stamps and seals of rural communes from the 18th–20th centuries in Silesia is a time-consuming process requiring an in-depth archival inquiry. One way to present up-to-date research results and to enable researchers of the region’s history to co-create the catalog was the creation of the www.pieczeciegminne.pl website by the State Archive in Opole. The purpose of this website goes beyond collecting and sharing the database for scientific studies—it also helps promote the archival fond.
Adam Skałkowski i jego uczniowie w archiwach ziemiańskich (1877–1945)
Authors: Łukasiewicz Dariusz
Published: October 2024

The article describes the process of studying gentry archives by Professor Adam Skałkowski (the 1919 founder of Poznań historiography) and his students. These vast source materials perished along with the gentry class itself in 1945, and the works of the Poznań historian and his followers are the last trace of them. The main source material is the correspondence between members of the gentry and Skałkowski’s students, stored mainly in the Manuscript Department in the Library of Adam Mickiewicz University, but also in the Archive of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw and the Ossolineum in Wrocław. This is complemented by Skałkowski’s memoirs from the author’s collection. The inquiries and trips of Skałkowski and his students to palaces and manors helped create dozens of source articles and monographs. The article aims at reconstructing these researchers’ work in archives. The series titled “The lives of esteemed Poles in the 18th and 19th centuries” (written by Skałkowski) alone included 34 book publications — the fruit of these investigations, including multiple papers by MA and PhD students.
Polscy żołnierze w sowieckich obozach pracy na Dalekiej Północy ZSRS na podstawie relacji ppor. Tadeusza Michalaka
Authors: Weber Kamil
Published: October 2024

The article describes the process of studying gentry archives by Professor Adam Skałkowski (the 1919 founder of Poznań historiography) and his students. These vast source materials perished along with the gentry class itself in 1945, and the works of the Poznań historian and his followers are the last trace of them. The main source material is the correspondence between members of the gentry and Skałkowski’s students, stored mainly in the Manuscript Department in the Library of Adam Mickiewicz University, but also in the Archive of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw and the Ossolineum in Wrocław. This is complemented by Skałkowski’s memoirs from the author’s collection. The inquiries and trips of Skałkowski and his students to palaces and manors helped create dozens of source articles and monographs. The article aims at reconstructing these researchers’ work in archives. The series titled “The lives of esteemed Poles in the 18th and 19th centuries” (written by Skałkowski) alone included 34 book publications — the fruit of these investigations, including multiple papers by MA and PhD students.
Postępowanie z aktami historycznymi w Związku Harcerstwa Polskiego na przykładzie zbioru Komisji Historycznej Hufca ZHP Poznań-Wilda im. Jana Kasprowicza
Authors: Włodarczyk-Rybacka Marta
Published: October 2024

The article investigates the registry and archival processes employed in the Polish Scouting and Guiding Association. The article analyses registry and archival rules of conduct of the Polish Scouting and Guiding Association, as well as the functions and character of its Historical Commissions, with particular emphasis on the activity of the Historical Commission operating at the Jan Kasprowicz Poznań-Wilda District of the Polish Scouting and Guiding Association. Presenting the contents of the fond and the promotional activities undertaken by the Historical Commission warrants the thesis that the Commission is a specific type of social archive in the registry and archival structure of the Polish Scouting and Guiding Association, whose main task is curating grade A historical memorabilia.
How to Live as a Refugee? Anchoring of the Ukrainian Female Refugees in the Labour Market through Activities of State Institutions and Non-formal Organisations in the Case Study of Krakow
Authors: Slany Krystyna , Ślusarczyk Magdalena , Krzaklewska Ewa , Stelmakh Anastasiya
Published: October 2024

Russia’s aggression in Ukraine on Feb. 24, 2022, has marked a new chapter in European history, generating masses of war refugees who sought refuge in many countries and in large numbers, including Poland. In this article, we analyse the assistance and support provided to Ukrainian women refugees in the city of Krakow, with focus on the labour market integration. The data consists of 19 expert interviews with the representatives of the organisations and institutions, as well as researchers in the migration field. We start with analysing the immediate state response at the national policy level, which created a legal framework allowing refugees, among others, fast entrance to the labour market and to set up businesses. Then, we examine how the responses of public institutions were accompanied by enormous grassroot mobilisation of support provided to Ukrainian refugees in Krakow. As we argue, integration into the labour market is critical for integration, but currently lack of evaluation of policy solutions and informalisation of the labour market may result in the reproduction of vulnerability of female refugees.
Niepewny optymizm i nadzieja. Stosunek do przyszłości osób uchodźczych z Ukrainy. Wyniki badania ankietowego
Authors: Kopacewicz Kamil , Szewczyk Michał
Published: October 2024

Badanie jest eksploracją opinii i nastawień osób uchodźczych z Ukrainy co do postrzeganej przyszłości, w odniesieniu do obecnych przeżyć i przeszłych doświadczeń. W badaniu ankietowym o charakterze analizy przypadku wzięło udział 831 osób przebywających w Polsce, odpowiadając na 46 pytań zamkniętych i jedno otwarte. Celem badań było rozpoznanie perspektyw osób z Ukrainy, w kontekście trwającej wojny i doświadczeń przemieszczenia (stan na pierwszą połowę 2023 roku). Pytania poruszały zagadnienia poczucia winy, dyskryminacji, planów wyjazdu z Polski, wsparcia własnego kraju, oceny własnej pozycji psychicznej i ekonomicznej, chęci do nauki języka polskiego, a także prywatnej opinii na temat przyszłości geopolitycznej Ukrainy. W badaniu wzięły udział osoby biorące udział w kursach rozwoju osobistego UW dla Ukrainy lub tymi kursami zainteresowane. Pomimo negatywnych doświadczeń i deklarowanych lęków, nadzieja jest słowem-kluczem, które dominowało w odpowiedziach respondentów na pytanie o skojarzenia z przyszłością. Ponadto większość badanych optymistycznie ocenia szanse Ukrainy na wstąpienie do UE oraz NATO. Badanie wypełnia lukę w dotychczasowej wiedzy nt. doświadczeń migracji i wpływu przemieszczenia na postrzeganą przyszłość, w dziedzinie socjologii czasu.
Dual-Use “New Space”: US Experience
Authors: Stefanovich D. V. , Ermakov A. S.
Published: October 2024

The article explores the growing involvement of private space companies in military activities, with a primary focus on the United States. It delves into the specific contributions of private entities to national defense missions, particularly in the militarization of outer space. The authors analyze the strategic interests of government agencies in integrating non-state actors to enhance space capabilities, such as communication, Earth observation, situational awareness, and in-orbit servicing. The paper also assesses the potential implications of these trends for international security, highlighting the complexities that arise from the blurred lines between civil and military space operations. It points to the creation of the U.S. Commercial Augmentation Space Reserve (CASR), an initiative aimed at enhancing defense through commercial space partnerships, and discusses the operational and strategic challenges of managing vast satellite constellations. Additionally, the article reflects on the security risks posed by the militarization of commercial space infrastructure, examining the potential consequences for geopolitical stability and the future of space conflict management. Finally, it suggests that further research and regulatory measures are necessary to mitigate the military threats linked to the New Space
Tribes as Non-State Actors in the Arab Monarchies of the Persian Gulf at the Present Stage (the Case of the UAE)
Authors: Adrianov A. К.
Published: October 2024

The article examines the tribal structures of the UAE as non-state actors. The author pays special attention to the definition of the concept of “tribe” in the Arab world and its interpretation in relation to the countries of the Persian Gulf and, in particular, the UAE as one of the most complex tribal systems in the region. It explores the question of tribal identity and its manifestations at the present stage, as well as its influence on the position of tribes as political actors. Based on the classification of non-state actors by Vitaliy Naumkin and Vasiliy Kuznetsov, the author examines the tribe as a local and state-oriented actor. Three situations are identified in which the tribe as an actor can manifest itself most clearly. The author concludes that tribes cannot be considered as fully-fledged non-state actors, but that they retain significant potential for mobilisation and political action in crisis situations.
Causes of admission and mortality in European Hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus, Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Garcês Andreia , Pires Isabel
Published: October 2024

Erinaceus europaeus, a key indicator species for health ecosystems, faces various threats that impact the survival of the species. Most factors of threat are associated with human activity. The authors present a review of E. europaeus admission causes in wildlife rehabilitation centres and the mortality pattern of free-ranging animals. The review includes 20 papers spanning a considerable timespan from 1981 to 2024. The main causes of admission to wildlife rehabilitation centres are hoglets and starvation. The main causes of death in hedgehogs are vehicle collision and predation. It can be concluded that humans and human activity play a significant role in the mortality of these animals. In the future, a more standardised analysis of hedgehog carcasses is necessary to understand their threats and diseases and to design significant measures to protect the species.
Contemporary Methods and Novel Approaches in the Identification and Quantification of Foodborne Pathogens
Authors: Mikuš Tomislav , Cvrtila Željka , Kozačinski Lidija
Published: October 2024

Foodborne pathogens are a continuous problem attracting the attention of public health institutions, microbiologists and food producers globally. The scientific community has therefore been focused for years on finding “new” and “better” methods, all in an effort to detect foodborne pathogens in the timeliest manner possible. It should be emphasized that the development of molecular genetics – the use of genetic information of biological macromolecules in routine testing in particular – has led to a revolutionary turn in biological science research. Almost all procedures detect different bacterial genetic footprint or biomarkers, which makes bacterial isolation unnecessary. However, these recent studies of “fast microbiological methods”, which require only a fewhours, rather than a few days, have not supplanted the classic way of microbiological food testing, i.e. the classic microbiological methods and the gold standard. The new methods are therefore faced with high requirements such as great detection limits, speed of analysis, relatively low costs and high sensitivity to identify various foodborne pathogens. Some of them provide the possibility of monitoring the pathogens, which is an important part of establishing a pathogen control network in the agri-food production chain at the international level. In this comprehensive literature review the authors present and review identification and quantification methodswith emphasis on the most important EU foodborne pathogens (Salmonella, Campylobacter, Escherichiacoli – STEC, Yersinia and Listeria). Methods have been divided into two large groups – Contemporary methods (Immunoassays and Polymerase Chain Reaction) and Novel approach methods (Biosensors, Bacterial typing, and Omics), and assessed by their functionality, advantages and disadvantages.
Mantener el acceso al campo: una visión desde la inmersión etnográfica con militares
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Passos Anais
Published: October 2024

En este artículo reflexiono sobre cómo las circunstancias políticas afectan el trabajo de investigación, especialmente en la negociación de acceso y la permanencia en el campo, centrándome en el estudio de las fuerzas armadas en Brasil y México En el marco de una inmersión etnográfica, negociar la entrada al campo implica consideraciones de edad, género y neutralidad política, especialmente al interactuar con “guardianes institucionales”. Asimismo, describo los desafíos de mantener el acceso al campo conforme evolucionan las dinámicas político-militares, y los analizo cuestionando mi rol como investigadora en contextos politizados. Finalmente, planteo cómo la investigación de las élites militares se vuelve desafiante cuando el tema provoca repulsión a quien lo estudia. Así, mis experiencias y reflexiones resaltan la evolución de mis métodos y temas de investigación ante la militarización, invitando a discusiones amplias sobre cómo abordar dilemas éticos y prácticos en investigaciones cualitativas que involucran a sujetos que causan repulsión y a investigadores que pueden ser “molestos” en el campo.
A narrative review of student research projects in United States pharmacy curricula
Authors: Axon David Rhys , Quevedo Jordyn , Kaur Love
Published: October 2024

Background: This study explored existing literature on student research projects in United States pharmacy curricula.
Methods: In August 2023, searches were conducted in two databases, PubMed and Embase, followed by pharmacy education journals and Google Scholar. Articles were reviewed by two researchers and included if they described or evaluated pharmacy student research projects between 2010 and 2023.
Results: Ten articles representing data from six schools were included. Students from most schools had the option to work individually or in groups. The timing of projects in the curriculum varied, with most students working on them from years three through four, though other schools began their projects earlier in the curriculum. Many students presented or published their projects.
Conclusion: The similarities and differences for student pharmacist research projects in the United States may affect pharmacy education as colleges of pharmacy review their curricula and determine whether they should also incorporate or revise a research project component in their programmes. Future evaluation may include a systematic review as more literature on student pharmacist research projects becomes available.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Video Animasi Berbasis Powtoon pada Mata Pelajaran Teknologi Perkantoran Kelas X SMK Satya Bhakti 2 Jakarta
Authors: Ningrum Ni Ketut Sapta , Faslah Roni , Swaramarinda Darma Rika
Published: October 2024

This study aims to develop video-based interactive learning media using the Powtoon application for Office Technology lessons in class X SMK Satya Bhakti 2 Jakarta. The method used in this research is Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE model, which includes the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The evaluation results show that the developed learning media is very feasible to use, with an average score of 92.17% from media experts and 96.19% from material experts, both of which fall into the category of ‘Very Feasible.’  This research is expected to increase the effectiveness of learning and attract students' interest in understanding the subject matter.
Nível de atividade física e fatores associados em estudantes universitários pós-pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Goveia Jean Carlos de , Okuno Nilo Massaru , Lise Natasha Santos , Cantorani José Roberto Herrera , Vargas Thaiane Moleta , Pedroso Bruno , Vargas Leandro Martinez
Published: October 2024

Este estudo objetivou identificar a prevalência de inatividade física em estudantes universitários e suas associações com variáveis sociodemográficas, individuais e ambientais no período pós-pandemia de COVID-19. Trata-se de um estudo observacional transversal, em uma universidade pública do Paraná, Brasil. Participaram do estudo 514 estudantes, de 18 anos ou mais, entre junho e setembro de 2023. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um questionário autoaplicável online abordando informações sociodemográficas, hábitos de atividade física e variáveis individuais e ambientais. As análises estatísticas incluíram teste Qui-Quadrado e regressão logística. Os resultados apontaram uma alta prevalência de estudantes insuficientemente ativos (49,8%). Fatores como sexo feminino (OR=1,88 IC95%: 1,37; 2,69); pertencer às classes econômicas baixas (OR=1,40, IC95%: 1,18; 1,66); desconhecimento do guia de atividade física da população brasileira (OR=1,96, IC95%: 1,32; 2,32); e pertencer as áreas de conhecimento de Ciências Humanas, Letras e Artes (OR=2,99, IC95%: 1,77; 5,05) e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas (OR=1,90, IC95%: 1,14; 3,15) foram associados a uma maior probabilidade de inatividade física. Outros fatores incluíram falta de disposição (OR=8,11, IC95%: 4,46;14,35) e tempo para praticar atividade física (OR=5,33, IC95%: 3,60; 8,03); insatisfação com sua saúde em geral (OR=3,87, IC95%: 2,67; 5,60) e desconhecimento de projetos de atividade física na universidade (OR=2,86, IC95%: 1,69; 4,86). A alta prevalência de inatividade física identificada salienta a urgência de adotar estratégias para aumentar a divulgação sobre programas e projetos de prática esportiva e exercícios físicos existentes nas instituições de ensino, sobretudo, para os estudantes de baixa renda. Essas medidas são fundamentais para promover a saúde e o bem-estar na população estudantil.
Evaluating the impact of climate-smart agriculture practices on yield among smallholder maize and sorghum farmers in northern Ghana
Authors: Hussein U  , Husseini R  , DN Akongyuure
Published: October 2024

This study evaluates the impact of climate-smart agricultural practices (CSAP) on yield and income among smallholder farmers in Northern Ghana. Understanding the impact of CSAPs on maize and sorghum yield and income is crucial for enhancing agricultural productivity, boosting the region’s economy, and ensuring food security. Data were collected through questionnaires from 1000 farmers. Multinomial endogenous treatment effects were used to examine the impact of CSAP adoption on the yield and income of maize and sorghum farmers. The study reveals that climate-smart agriculturepractices like chemical fertiliser conservation agriculture, intercropping, and joint adoption significantly improve maize and sorghum yields and farmers’ incomes. This is worrying given the effects of excessive reliance on chemical fertiliserson soil and environment. The government’s active investment in research, capacity building, and infrastructure development to facilitate the widespread adoption of these practices in Northern Ghana is highly recommended.
Analysis of the Concept and Theoretical Perspectives of Insecurity and Sustainable Development
Authors: Magaji Sule , Kari. A. G. Umar , Otakey. Hassan Abbas , Jafaru Yakubu
Published: October 2024

This paper analyzed the concept and theoretical perspectives of insecurity and sustainable development. Conceptual analysis does not result with the new definition. It is also not a comparative analysis of definitions with the purpose of formulating an all-embracing definitions. Instead, it formulates a common denominator which expresses “common conceptual distinctions underlying various conceptions and perspectives of insecurity. Thus, the objective of the paper is to examine the views, opinion and perspectives of scholars, analysts and institutions on the concept of insecurity and sustainable development. The paper to established nexus between the two concepts. The paper examined various empirical literatures and contemporary sociological theories for the explanation and understanding the link between insecurity and sustainable development. The paper discovered that there is a link between insecurity and sustainable development. Insecurity negatively affect sustainable developmental stride. Thus, it concluded that the link between insecurity and sustainable development is strong and thus should not be undermined.
Telaah Pemikiran Nurcholish Madjid Terhadap Politik Identitas
Authors: Muhammad Nur Ilham  , Darussalam Syamsuddin  , Syahrir Karim
Published: October 2024

This research aims to determine Nurcholish Madjid's political thinking style. This research is library research or library study using a philosophical and historical approach. The data sources used are primary and secondary data sources. Primary data sources in this research are books written directly by Nurcholish Madjid, as well as books that are relevant to the discussion, while secondary data in this research are relevant literature materials that discuss identity politics. The data collection method in this research uses direct quotation and indirect quotation methods. The data analysis technique used in this research is content analysis technique. The research results show that Nurcholish Madjid's political thinking style is characterized by inclusiveness, pluralism and universal Islamic values. Madjid believes that Islamic values ​​should be applied in social life without linking them to religious-based political parties. He also advocates democracy, human rights, and education that emphasizes tolerance and pluralism. Background to the emergence of the jargon "Islam yes, Islamic parties no". This is a concern. He believes that Islamic political parties tend to divide society and are used for short-term political interests by elites. According to Nurcholish Madjid, the relevance of the jargon "Islam Yes, Islamic Party No" to the phenomenon of identity politics in Indonesia is very significant. This jargon teaches the importance of pluralism and inclusiveness in politics, so that it can reduce polarization and sectarianism in society.
Optimizing Membrane Performance using Various Filler Materials in Membrane Fabrication for Enhancing Gas Separation Efficiency: A Review
Authors: Roslin Putri Nadhirah , Kamaruzaman Sazlinda Binti , Johari Ili Syazana , Yahaya Noorfatimah
Published: October 2024

The membrane technology has been receiving significant interest in both research and industrial applications, particularly in the separation of CO2/CH4. These methods, as published, aim to overcome the limitations of pure polymeric membranes and offer an alternative approach in separation techniques where membrane technology can overcome the constraints of conventional methods such as Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) and Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE). Fabricating membranes using fillers as adsorbents can enhance membrane separation performance due to their porous nature. Hence, the selection of suitable fillers is crucial to maximize membrane efficiency in separating analytes. This paper will review 3 types of fillers-metal-organic frameworks, carbonaceous nanomaterials and mesoporous molecular sieves-from various research papers published in recent years.
HIGHLIGHTS

Additives introduced to polymeric membrane to increase the membrane performances in terms of selectivity and permeability.
Short review of materials used for fabrication of mixed matrix membrane.
Modification of selected additives used to study its effects on membrane performances.
Recent advancement of hybrid additives materials, combining MOF and carbonaceous materials.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Anaphylactic shock during pulmonary hydatid cyst surgery in children : a case report.
Authors: BENABDI Saliha , MATMOUR Derouicha , AMANI Meriem
Published: October 2024

Pulmonary hydatid cyst is a parasitic disease causing an endemic and health burden in many regions. It is caused by a tapeworm. Lung cysts are more common than liver cysts in children. Anaphylactic shock during surgery by cyst rupture is rare but it can be potentially life-threatening. Diagnosis can be challenging but the immediate treatment is necessary in case of respiratory distress, potential collapse and urticaria. We report a case of anaphylactic shock secondary to pulmonary hydatid cyst with hemodynamic instability in a 10-year-old child during surgery and its management. We describ steps to establish early diagnosis and well-coded treatment. Therefore, preventive measures should be taken to avoid anaphylaxis reactions risk.