bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“A Study on Emotion Detection & Classification from Text using Machine Learning”
Authors: Solanki Ms. Pinal
Published: April 2022

Humans are using online social networks to share their opinions and thoughts on a variety of subjects and topics with their friends, family, and relations through text, photographs, audio and video messages and posts. On specific social, national, and global topics, humans can share their thoughts, mental states, moments, and viewpoints. Given the variety of communication options available, text is one of the most popular mediums of communication on social media. The study described here aims to detect and analyses sentiment and emotion expressed by people in their messages, and then use that information to generate suggestions. Humans collected comments and replies on a few specific topics and created a dataset with text, sentiment emotion, and other data.
Emotion identification from Text is a new topic of research that is closely related to sentiment analysis. Anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are examples of emotions that may be detected and understood by the expression of texts using Emotion Analysis. Emotion Detection focuses on feature extraction and word recognition because pre-processing techniques improve accuracy of classification.
The Effects Of Overcrowding On Students Living In University Of Calabar Female Hostel, Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Ime Idiang, Magdalene , Shuaibu Muhammad Shehu , Dixit Sweta , Obong Linus Beba , Bala Bilkisu Baba
Published: April 2022

The demand for university education has led to an increase in the students’ population especially in the Nigerian public universities. This comes with intense pressure on the bearing capacity of available school infrastructure. This study was designed to investigate the effects of overcrowding on the female students living in the University of Calabar Hostel, Cross River State, Nigeria. A sample of 276 out of the 892 students living in the university was drawn for the study using the simple random sampling technique based on Taro Yamane’s (1967) formula for the finite population. A 14 item structured questionnaire with a four-point Likert rating scale was adopted. Data generated from the administration of the questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptively, tables, chart figures, percentages, average, and frequencies were used. However, Chi-square correlation techniques were employed in testing the study hypotheses. The result of the analysis revealed that the University of Calabar Female Hostel is overcrowded with a significant effect on the physical and health wellbeing of students. The study emphasized building more hostels by the university stakeholders to accommodate the overcrowded students, limiting students allocated to and allowed to share hostel rooms to avoid overutilization of resources, ensuring there is adequate clean water supply to prevent the shortage of water, avoid the incidence of a disease outbreak by implementing biweekly hostel sanitation exercise, and improve the duration of electricity supply in the hostels to enhance good ventilation system.
Narrativas ficcionais e interseccionais no acolhimento institucional de crianças e adolescentes
Authors: Paula Leonardo Régis de , Battistelli Bruna Moraes , Cruz Lílian Rodrigues da
Published: April 2022

O presente artigo insere-se em um exercício de construção de narrativas ficcionais e interseccionais acerca do Acolhimento Institucional de Crianças e Adolescentes com o objetivo de visibilizar e problematizar os efeitos do mesmo. As narrativas são construídas a partir do conceito de interseccionalidade e utiliza-se da metodologia da gambiarra, uma vez que esta possibilita a produção de resistência no campo das problematizações. A inspiração para a tessitura das narrativas vem de muitos lugares, principalmente (ou inclusive) da experiência de estágio do primeiro autor no campo das políticas públicas de assistência social no Brasil. Neste sentido, as narrativas que fazem parte deste trabalho não falam de uma história ou de uma identidade, mas de várias histórias que amplificam um presente e plantam incertezas para pensarmos nas práticas que incidem sobre os marcadores sociais da diferença como categorias de articulação.
THE EFFECT OF TOTAL ASSETS, OWN CAPITAL, MEMBER LOAN AND OPERATIONAL COSTS ON THE REMAINING OF BUSINESS RESULTS IN COOPERATIVES (CASE STUDY ON KP-RI TUNAS BAKTI SMPN 01 KAMPAR AIRTIRIS)
Authors: Sopian Muhammad , Arman Arman , Mulyani Sri
Published: April 2022

This study was conducted to The Effect of Total Assets, Own Capital, Member Loan and Operational Costs On The Remaining of Business Results In Cooperatives (Case Study On KP-RI Tunas Bakti SMPN 01 Kampar Airtiris). The population in this study was the cooperative KP-RI Tunas Bakti SMPN 01 Kampar Airtiris. The technique used in sampling is the File Research method that comes from the cooperative. Hypothesis testing uses multiple linear regression analysis with the help of SPSS 23.00 for windows. The results showed that simultaneously Total Assets, Own Capital, Member Loans and Operational Costs affect the remaining business results. Partially, namely Total Assets, Own Capital and Member Loans which affect the Remaining Business Results while Operational Costs do not affect the Remaining Business Results.
THE EFFECT OF BRAND IMAGE ON DECISIONS PURCHASE OF YAMAHA NMAX MOTORCYCLES IN MAHKOTA MOTOR BANGKINANG KOTA
Authors: Putra Renaldi , Supardi Supardi , Diantara Litra
Published: April 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of brand image on purchasing decisions for Yamaha NMax motorbikes at Mahkota Motor Bangkinang Kota. Population of this study were customers of Yamaha NMax motorbikes at Yamaha Mahkota Motor Bangkinang Kota Dealer. The sample was carried out by purposive sampling method so that the sample in this study became 60 customers. The data collection techniques used were questionnaires and research files. The data analysis technique used is simple linear regression analysis. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that brand image has an effect on purchasing decisions. There is a strong relationship between brand image and purchasing decisions and the contribution of the independent variable to the dependent variable is 69.0%.
Impacto de nuevas tecnologías en la educación universitaria en Ecuador
Authors: Angulo Guerrero Ronny Joel , Mesías Simisterra Ángel Enrique , Olmedo Ponce José David
Published: April 2022

El presente trabajo muestra una descripción donde se analizó el impacto de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación Tics en la educación superior ecuatoriana, esto se realizó a partir de indicadores que reflejan el crecimiento de las mismas en el campo educativo a nivel nacional, de aquí se determinó los insumos teóricos y aspectos tecnológicos, interacciones existentes entre las Tics y la educación en las funciones del sistema de educación, permitiendo la innovación en la transmisión de saberes nuevos. El alumno ha pasado de ser un receptor pasivo de información a un elemento que participa activamente en su propio aprendizaje, pero hay que tener claro que las claves para el cambio de metodología de la enseñanza siempre han estado ligadas en cómo se utilicen en estos nuevos medios, la convergencia de la enseñanza presencial y virtual que con los años se hará presencial en pro de la virtual. Se analizaron también los factores sociales que afectan, tanto positiva como negativamente, el uso de las nuevas tecnologías en el medio universitario. Pero, sobre todo, el déficit en la irrupción de las Tics en la sociedad ecuatoriana, nos da una idea del paradójico y llamativo hecho del que y ve en la necesidad de desarrollar capacidades y potencialidades dirigidas a mejorar las condiciones de vida de los habitantes.
EVALUATION OF ALLEGED MALPRACTICE DUE TO AESTHETIC AND COSMETIC INTERVENTIONS AND MEDICAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: ÖNER Bedirhan Sezer , GÜNDOĞMUŞ Ümit Naci , ÇETİN Selçuk , ŞİRİN Gözde , IRİTAS Servet Birgin , DİNÇ Ahmet Hakan , TURAN Ömer
Published: April 2022

ÖZET

Gelişen teknolojiler doğrultusunda estetik ve kozmetik girişimlerde yeni teknikler gelişmesi sebebiyle, girişim miktarında ve talebinde artış izlenmektedir. Buna bağlı olarak son yıllarda tıbbi uygulama hatası iddialarında belirgin artış izlenmektedir. Çalışmada Adli Tıp Kurumu 3. İhtisas Kurulu’nca 2007-2011 yılları arasında görüş bildirilen estetik ve kozmetik girişimler ile ilgili tıbbi uygulama hatası iddiası bulunan 134 olgu incelenmiştir. Olguların 38’i erkek, 96’sı kadın, yaş ortalaması ise 39,5±1,2 idi. Olguların büyük çoğunluğuna Özel Hastanelerde girişim uygulanmıştı. (47%). Olguların 29’una (%21,6) kusur verilmiş olup, 17’si (%12) hakkında çeşitli sebeplerle görüş bildirilememişti. Kusur bulunan gruptaki girişim bölgesi çoklu olanlar kusur bulunmayan gruptan istatistiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde yüksek saptanmıştır (p
Management control and performance management: case of the Moroccan public organization
Authors: ALAMI Saad
Published: April 2022

The economic consequences of the Covid-19 crisis, Russia's military operation in Ukraine and the many changes currently going through the world as well as the reform of public administration have pushed Moroccan public organizations to improve their methods. management in order to reduce expenses while guaranteeing quality, satisfaction and safety for users. To do so, the roles and tools of management control have been forced to adapt while referring to Law No. 69-00. Our study focuses on the contribution of management control to the performance of Moroccan public organizations through structural equation modeling with a sample of 87 public organizations.
ANALYSIS OF CRYPTOCURRENCY: AN ETHICAL CONJECTURE WITH REFERENCE TO INDIAN SCENARIO
Authors: Sharma Komal
Published: April 2022

A cryptocurrency is a form of digital payment that does not rely on banks to validate transactions. It’s a peer-to-peer payment system that allows anyone from anywhere to send and receive money. Digital currency is the future of finance. India has huge rapid growth opportunities in cryptocurrency adoption. The objective of the study is to understand the growth of cryptocurrency over the year and to compare the conventional investment avenues with the cryptocurrency and SWOT analysis for future prospective of cryptocurrency in India. In India around 20 million active users of cryptocurrency. From July 2020 to June 2021 cryptocurrency market raised 640%in India. During this period from total digital currency transactions from Southern Asia, 42% is coming from the Indian market which is about $10 million. A comparative analysis of conventional investment avenues with cryptocurrency shows that Indian investors still prefer to invest in conventional investment avenues. The reason behind this, a lack of information, security issues, and no regulations for cryptocurrency are seen. SWOT analysis shows that in the Indian market due to a decentralized system, no mediate intervention, low transaction cost, the worldwide accessibility adoption rate is high. The major barrier for cryptocurrency's major weaknesses and threats are highly volatile market, security threats, black marketing, no regulations, threats associated with unknown identity. Still Indian cryptocurrency market is huge, and growth is high in the future.
Pengaruh Pendidikan Agama Kristen dalam Keluarga terhadap Spiritualitas Anak
Authors: Mbo'oh Ruth
Published: April 2022

Abstract: Parents have a significant role in children’s spiritual life. Through guidance, direction and instruction in Christian Religious, children recognize and having a fellowship with God that will impact their spirituality. Parent’s exemplary in implementation of family Christian Religious Education enable children to apply faith values had been taught. This research aimed to examine the influence of Christian Religious Education in family conducted by the parents to the children’s spirituality. The study used quantitative approach with correlational survey method. The result showed that there was an influence from Christian Religious Education in family to the children’s spirituality. The more parent’s role in doing Christian Religious Education tasks in family, the more is children’s spiritual growth.Abstrak: Orang tua memiliki peran yang signifikan dalam kehidupan spiritualitas anak. Melalui bimbingan, tuntunan dan pembinaan dalam Pendidikan Agama Kristen, anak mengenal Tuhan, dan memiliki persekutuan dengan Tuhan dan berdampak pada spiritualitasnya. Keteladanan orang tua dalam pelaksanaan Pendidikan Agama Kristen keluarga menajdikan anak dapat mengimplementasikan nilai-nilai iman yang diajarkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh Pendidikan Agama Kristen keluarga yang dilakukan orang tua terhadap spiritualitas anak. Penelitian mengunaan pendekatan kuantitaif menggunakan metode survei korelasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh Pendidikan Agama Kristen keluarga terhadap spiritualitas anak. Semakin berperan orang tua dalam melaksanakan tugas Pendidikan Agama Kristen keluarga, maka akan membuat anak bertumbuh dalam spiritualitasnya.
Pendidikan Kristiani tentang Pengampunan sebagai Salah Satu Keterampilan dalam Membangun Pernikahan yang Sehat
Authors: Perangin Angin Yakub Hendrawan , Yeniretnowati Tri Astuti , Pagalung Ria
Published: April 2022

Abstract: Nowadays, many Christian marriages are not prosperous and some of them end in separation. One of the causes of prolonged separation and contention in Christian marriages is a lack of forgiving skills. Apologies and forgiveness which are core elements in a healthy relationship are rarely practiced and possessed by married couples. This study uses a literature review method, namely by analyzing the concept of forgiveness according to Christianity in the life of a husband and wife. The results of this study indicate several important efforts that must be developed by Christian husbands and wives so that their marriages are characterized by forgiveness skills, namely: First, Teaching the Meaning of Forgiveness. Second, Apologize to Your Partner. Third, Continue Deliberately Towards Reconciliation. Fourth, Cultivate the Spirit of Forgiveness. Fifth, Cultivate the Art of Apologizing as a Lifestyle. Sixth, Other Practical Actions in Marriage.Abstrak: Dewasa ini banyak pernikahan Kristen yang berjalan dengan kurang sejahtera bahkan beberapa diantaranya berakhir dengan perpisahan. Salah satu penyebab perpisahan dan pertengkaran yang berkepanjangan di dalam pernikahan Kristen adalah karena kurangnya memiliki keterampilan mengampuni. Permintaan maaf dan pengampunan yang merupakan elemen inti dalam hubungan yang sehat sudah jarang sekali dipraktikkan dan dimiliki oleh pasangan suami istri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode tinjauan pustaka, yaitu dengan cara menganalisis tentang konsep mengampuni menurut Kristen dalam kehidupan suami istri seharusnya. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan beberapa upaya penting yang harus dikembangkan suami istri Kristen agar pernikahannya diwarnai keterampilan mengampuni, yaitu: Pertama, Mengajarkan makna mengampuni. Kedua, Meminta maaf pada pasangan. Ketiga, Menumbuhkan semangat rekonsiliasi. Keempat, Menumbuhkan semangat memaafkan. Kelima, Membudayakan seni meminta maaf sebagai gaya hidup. Keenam, Tindakan praktis lainnya dalam pernikahan.
Doradca podatkowy jako zawód zaufania publicznego – trudne początki, niepewna przyszłość
Authors: Modzelewski Witold
Published: April 2022

Autor analizuje zdarzenia związane z pracami nad ustawą z dnia 5 lipca 1996 r. o doradztwie podatkowym oraz okres pierwszych 4 lat obowiązywania tego aktu prawnego. Zgodnie z założeniami inicjatorów tej ustawy jej celem było powołanie wolnego zawodu zaufania publicznego o statusie zbliżonym do radcy prawnego, zajmującego się problematyką podatkową, który miałby charakter interdyscyplinarny z dominacją wątku prawnopodatkowego. Doradcy podatkowi mieli tworzyć obowiązkowy samorząd zawodowy i reprezentować nie tylko wysoki poziom wiedzy podatkowej i prawnopodatkowej, lecz także spełniać wymogi etyczne mające charakter normatywny.
“Something with a Frightening Reputation”: 60 Minutes’ Accommodation of HIV in Gene Therapy for Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Stewart Craig O. , Young Amanda J.
Published: April 2022

On March 10, 2019, 60 Minutes reported the development of a potentially life-altering gene therapy for Sickle Cell Disease (SCD). Despite this therapy’s potential for cure, SCD community members’ reactions ranged from skepticism to fear due to the use of deactivated HIV as a vector for transporting the corrected gene into stem cells, thus repairing the faulty gene in SCD. Using a mental models framework, we analyze how 60 Minutes attempted to explain this research and how audiences reacted on social media. Specifically, we show how 60 Minutes’ treatment of given versus new information, as well as the journalists’ failure to account for the specific audiences with the most at stake, led to misunderstandings that contributed to ongoing fear and mistrust of the scientific community. We conclude with recommendations for how journalists should approach accommodating science when that science has particular impacts on minoritized and marginalized groups.
Tweeting Zebras: Social Networking and Relation in Rare Disease Advocacy
Authors: Hooker Tristin Brynn
Published: April 2022

This article applies the lens of genre to the social media advocacy of three patient-activists—self-identified “zebras” whose rarely diagnosed conditions are frequently comorbid—who, through performing consistent genre moves, and using the capabilities of social networking to translate personal experiences into public discourse, amplify visibility, and normalize their voices as collective advocacy. Ultimately, through networked communication, these patient-activists perform emergent connections between their conditions outside of the traditional legitimization networks of biomedicine with the aim of gaining legitimacy in public and clinical settings.
Psychotherapy Using Religious Texts
Authors: Beniwal Vikas ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2022

The paper presents a method for interpreting religious texts for use in psychotherapy. In particular, the paper takes the example of the pivotal character Arjuna in Bhagavad-Gita as having low frustration tolerance and uses the collective philosophy of the Bhagavad-Gita and Bhagavata-Purana through six steps of Logic-Based Therapy (LBT) to overcome it. Although the paper uses Hindu religious texts, the treatment of these texts will speak to anyone interested in the possibility of integrating religious texts into psychotherapy.
Philosophy as a Way of Life for Addiction Recovery
Authors: du Plessis Guy ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2022

In this essay I explore the notion of philosophy as a way of life as a recovery pathway for individuals in addiction recovery. My hypothesis is that philosophy as a way of life can be a compelling, and legitimate recovery pathway for individuals in addiction recovery, as one of many recovery pathways. I will focus on logic-based therapy (LBT) applied in the context of addiction recovery. The aim of presenting a case study is to show how a client receiving LBT is provided with techniques and a worldview that can contribute to a philosophically oriented recovery program. In the case study the client was advised to apply the moral philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche as an uplifting philosophical framework to counteract his unproductive worldview and fallacious thinking. Considering that there is an ostensibly low efficacy rate for the treatment of addiction, articulating the value of philosophy as a way of life as a recovery pathway provides a conceptual and methodological framework for the development of novel philosophically-based addiction treatment and recovery-oriented programs—thus expanding the treatment and recovery options available for those seeking recovery from addiction.
Notes on the genus Microtachycines Gorochov, 1992 and establishment of a new genus from China (Rhaphidophoridae: Aemodogryllinae)
Authors: Zhu Qi-Di , Shi Fu-Ming , Zhou Zhi-Jun
Published: April 2022

This paper reviews the genus Microtachycines and establishes a new genus, Megatachycines gen. nov. One new species and two new combinations of the genus Megatachycines are recorded, i.e., Megatachycines pentus gen. et sp. nov., Megatachycines elongatus (Qin, Liu & Li, 2017) comb. nov., and Megatachycines trispinosus (Qin & Li, 2020) comb. nov. Images illustrating the morphology of all species of the genera Microtachycines and Megatachycines are provided.
Diagnostic Workup of Microcytic Anemia: An Evaluation of Underuse or Misuse of Laboratory Testing in a Hospital Setting Using the AlinIQ System
Authors: Cadamuro Janne , Simundic Ana-Maria , von Meyer Alexander , Haschke-Becher Elisabeth , Keppel Martin H. , Oberkofler Hannes , Felder Thomas K. , Mrazek Cornelia
Published: April 2022

Context.—

Underuse of laboratory testing has been previously investigated in preselected populations, such as documented malpractice claims. However, these numbers might not reflect real-life situations.

Objective.—

To evaluate the underuse and misuse of laboratory follow-up testing in a real-life hospital patient population with microcytic anemia, using laboratory results ordered during routine patient care.

Design.—

From all patients in whom a microcytic anemia was detected during routine diagnostics in 2018, all available laboratory data were collected and screened for appropriateness of diagnostic workup of iron deficiency and thalassemia. Subgroup analysis was performed for patient groups with mean corpuscular volume values 75 to 79 μm3 (group 1), 65 to 74 μm3 (group 2), and <65 μm3 (group 3).

Results.—

A total of 2244 patients with microcytic anemia were identified. Follow-up testing for iron deficiency was not performed in 761 cases (34%). For inconclusive ferritin levels due to elevated C-reactive protein results (n = 336), reticulocyte hemoglobin content or soluble transferrin receptor levels were missing in 86 cases (26%). In patients with suspected thalassemia (n = 127), follow-up testing for hemoglobin variants was not performed in 70 cases (55%). Subgroup analysis showed that the frequency of underuse of iron status as well as thalassemia/hemoglobinopathy testing decreased from group 1 to group 3. When considering relevant preexisting anemia diagnoses, laboratory tests were underused in 904 cases (40.3%).

Conclusions.—

Because 40% (n = 904) of the patients with microcytic anemia were potentially not followed up correctly, laboratory specialists are advised to act by implementing demand management strategies in collaboration with clinicians to overcome underuse of laboratory tests and to improve patient safety.
Stability of tanker trucks using the Davies method
Authors: Guillermo Moreno , Flórez Serrano , Ramón Bladimir
Published: April 2022

The stability of heavy vehicles is an issue that has been worked on in recent times. For this, several models that allow to determine how prone a vehicle is to rollover have been developed. However, most of these models use fixed loads to take their measurements without including shifting loads that in certain cases decrease the stability of the vehicles. With this in mind, this article proposes a two-dimensional kinematic model to determine the Static Rollover Threshold (SRT) using the Davies Method as an analysis tool. Lastly, a case study is carried out to determine the influence of the load on the reduction of vehicle stability.
Derrick crane robustness scenarios
Authors: Bernuzzi Claudio , Bertinotti Elisa , Frau Massimo , Simoncelli Marco
Published: April 2022

The paper deals with derrick cranes (derricks) that are equipment typically used in the mining industry and focuses on the analysis of few robustness scenarios. Derricks are composed of built-up steel members which are widely and efficiently used in hoisting applications due to their high payloads at relevant outreaches. During the in-service use, local damages might occur and as such, the aim of the paper is to study how such damages influence the overall structural performance. In particular, reference was made to a derrick for which six geometrical configurations and five different damage scenarios have been analysed. Owing it to the extensive use of angles in the built-up component of each derrick, structural analyses have been carried out by using a commercial refined finite element analysis package (FEAP) offering the warping torsion as an additional degree of freedom for each beam node. Research outcomes allow for a clear identification of the parts of a derrick that should be protected and well-designed to guarantee a robust structure for its entire in-service life.
The assessment of individual risk of radicalization and violent extremism
Authors: Vuković Slaviša
Published: April 2022

Modern counter-terrorism strategies include, among other preventive mechanisms, assessing the risk of radicalization and violent extremism. Undoubtedly, this is a very important preventive mechanism that should enable the timely identification of potentially dangerous individuals against whom further measures and actions should be taken to prevent them from joining terrorist groups or organizations and carrying out a terrorist attack. Although it is already well known that there is no universal profile of a terrorist, which does not support the efforts to establish reliable instruments for assessing the risk of radicalization and violent extremism, it is the fact that an increasing number of such instruments have been used in risk assessment and positive results are expected from them. The aim of this paper is to indicate the possibilities of practical application of such instruments based on the analysis of their characteristics as well as possible limitations. Such observations could be useful to national practitioners to improve risk assessment of potential threats, as well as to researchers to encourage and develop further research that is certainly a necessity in this domain.
Psychometric properties of the Serbian version of mental toughness Inventory and Dark Triad Dirty Dozen in police students
Authors: Milošević Miloš , Božović Branislav , Dopsaj Milivoj
Published: April 2022

Police work is a stressful occupation, where officers are exposed to chronic and intense stressors. When it comes to understanding and predicting reaction to prolonged stress, it has been shown that there is more to personality than what can be captured by the most widespread personality models. Adding Mental Toughness as the capacity to tolerate and overcome stress at work, as well as the Dark Triad as a tendency for malevolent behaviour, to the traditional model of assessing the personality of a police officer can improve the prediction of important outcomes. The aim of this paper was to examine the psychometric properties of the Serbian translations for the Mental Toughness Inventory (MTI) and the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (DTDD) in a population of police students. The research was conducted on a sample of 92 students in their first and second years at the University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies. Considering the specificity of the sample, both instruments showed good reliability (Cronbach's Alpha Based on Standardized Item a = 0.81 for MTI and a = 0.84 for DDTD); factor structure was confirmed for the MTI (ch² = 51.5, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.864) and DTDD (ch² = 105, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.886) as well as convergent (r=-.384, p < 0.01 between Mental toughness, and Machiavellianism). Although deviations from the normal distribution were obtained, having in mind the rigor of psychological and physical selection into the Police University, the obtained psychometric properties of the MTI and DTDD were acceptable and we recommend the instruments for further usage.
Propulsion and Maneuvering Model Tests of the USCGC Healy in Ice and Correlation with Full-Scale
Authors: Jones Stephen J. , Lau Michael
Published: April 2022

Propulsion model test results of the USCGC Healy are reported here and correlated with full-scale data. The design requirement for the Healy was for “continuous icebreaking at 3 knots through 4.5 ft (1.37 m) of ice of 100 psi (690 kPa) strength”. The full-scale trials were designed to test this capability. Unfortunately, the ice strength found on the trials was approximately half of that specified. One of the objects of the model tests was to determine the effect of ice strength on the delivered power necessary for the Healy to meet her icebreaking specification. Propulsion overload tests in open water combined with limited ice tests, and the IOT standard method for analyzing propulsion tests in ice, gave consistent results for delivered power, which agreed well with the available full-scale data from the Healy. A correlation friction coefficient of 0.05 was again shown to be appropriate. From the analysis of the resistance and propulsion tests, the Healy, with its total shaft horsepower of 30,000, was shown to be capable of its design requirement. Using a similar analysis, an imaginary “Polar 8” icebreaker of the Healy design was shown to require 85,000 HP to continuously break ice of 2.44 m (8 ft.) thickness, of 500 kPa strength, at 3 knots. Free running maneuvering tests performed in the ice tank gave arcs of circles whose diameters agreed well with the full-scale data of turning circles obtained on the ship trials.
Six Years in Sakhalin Offshore Oil – Management of Risk, Operations in Ice
Authors: Keinonen Arno Juhani , Browne Robin , Lam Erik , Jolles Wim
Published: April 2022

A Russian pioneering project, operated by Sakhalin Energy Investment Company Limited has produced oil in its first six years, from the bottom founded structure, Molikpaq, and taken the oil to an FSO and exported from it using export tankers. The operation has used basically an open water system. The FSO and the buoy for oil export have been upgraded for limited ice operations for the beginning and end of the ice season. A significant amount of oil production and export have also been performed in the presence of ice, safely and successfully. These operations in ice have been feasible through the use of high level intelligence in respect to ice, risk evaluations and management techniques, specifically developed for this project including the use of icebreakers in defense of the operations.
On the Ice Load Distribution on Ship Hulls in Level Ice
Authors: Valanto Petri
Published: April 2022

Ice loads on the design waterline (DWL) of several vessels were computed with the program Venice to obtain ice load distributions on ship hulls advancing straight ahead in level ice. The purpose is to obtain the spatial distribution of ice loads on the ship hulls in level ice, including the information on how the ice loads vary as functions of ship speed or ice thickness. For one ship hull the computed ice loads were compared with ice load distributions measured in model scale. The computed distributions were also compared with the design line load distributions used in the Finnish-Swedish ice rules and in the Polar Class rules. Some clear differences were found.
Arctic Escape, Evacuation, and Rescue – Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Bercha Frank G.
Published: April 2022

Escape, evacuation, and rescue plans, systems, and procedures form an integral part of the emergency response capability of any manned installation or vessel. Whether operating in open or ice covered waters, a reliable set of processes for abandoning the installation and moving, possibly following an interim relatively safe residence (e.g., in a safety craft), to a safe haven such as an icebreaker, port, or other vessel or installation, is necessary to provide adequate safety for personnel and in many cases also to satisfy regulations. Although there is no distinction in the level of safety that should be afforded in open or ice covered waters, the development of EER for the latter has fallen far behind in technology, regulation, and analysis even though active operations in ice have been ongoing now for many decades. In this paper, a review of past, current, and developing technologies, analyses, and regulations and standards is given. Past practices dating back to the early days in the Beaufort Sea are quite primitive and fortunately were never tested in a major catastrophe. Considerable attention is being given to use of current developments, including dedicated Arctic systems such as ARKTOS, semi-dedicated systems such as Seascape, and numerous conceptual designs. Supporting multi-disciplinary research including full scale tests, model tests, and computer simulation supports this new technology development. In addition, current standards have been developed by Transport Canada for EER in ice, and ISO WG8 is working on a more general standard for the same purpose. The future is promising: ice resistant lifeboats or TEMPSC’s (IRT), various launching devices to deposit crafts safely in or on the ice, and novel methods of evacuation and rescue, discussed in the paper, are under consideration. Following a review of past, current, and future developments in technological, analytical and research and regulatory areas, the paper identifies the major outstanding problems and makes recommendations for the most promising solutions.
Spring Ice Processes on Rivers of North Eastern Russia
Authors: Zaitsev A. A. , Belikov V. V. , Tananaev N. I.
Published: April 2022

For short-term forecast of ice-jam levels, a model of river ice jamming, based on numerical solution of Sen-Venan equations using Militeev’s implicit scheme was developed. The model was enlarged with a simple model of ice-jam length increase. Computation of an observed ice jam was used for model verification. Computing velocity vectors on this model allows estimation of dynamic load on facilities within the river valley during flooding. Results of the research revealed the origin of extremely high ice-jam stages. High roughness factor of ice lower surface causes high stage rise upstream the jam.
Statistical Analysis of the Optimum Amount of Bollard Pull Required for Towing an Iceberg
Authors: Young Carrie J.L. , Rudkin Pip
Published: April 2022

Towing icebergs in support of exploration drilling and production facilities has minimized ice related downtime and contributed to safety when operating in harsh environments. Iceberg management operations have been conducted off Newfoundland and Labrador for over 30 years. Results of these towing operations are contained in The Program of Energy Research and Development (PERD) Comprehensive Iceberg Management Database, which holds detailed information on over 1500 iceberg management operations. Among the data contained in this publicly available database, are the tow forces (bollard pull) used on past operations dating as far back as 1973. Using the PERD database, this paper will investigate whether the there is an optimum amount of bollard pull for towing an iceberg based on past experiences. The paper concludes with the ideal bollard pull criterion to be considered by offshore oil and gas operations when determining the primary towing vessel for iceberg management operations.
Transit and Stationary Coring Operations in the Central Polar Pack
Authors: Keinonen Arno , Shirley Maxwell , Liljeström Goran , Pilkington Roger
Published: April 2022

It is a rare opportunity to be part of performing an operation which is a first, that has not been performed before. This paper presents the efficiency of ship transit and station keeping operations, their performance in the central polar pack, in high concentration of multi year ice. This successful operation, demonstrating successful station keeping in thick moving ice was successful over 90% of time keeping a coring vessel stationary in high concentration moving central Polar Pack. The operation took place with icebreakers Sovetskiy Soyuz, Oden and Vidar Viking, the last one used as a drilling vessel, August – September 2004, at about 88° N.
A Method of Assessment for Wind Forecasts Developed for the Sakhalin Offshore Ice Service Operations on the Vityaz Oil Production Complex
Authors: Pishchalnik V. , Brovin A. I. , Tambovsky V. V.
Published: April 2022

A group of authors worked out a method for wind forecast quality assessment (WFA-2000). The method core is in gradual step-by-step validations for forecast wind speed and direction values in comparison to observed data, and consequently, a single value calculation for the forecast quality. The method of quality forecast assessment has more strict criteria for wind speed and direction parameters than ones currently used in Russia and other countries. The method has been successfully tested in ice drift forecasting service for the Vityaz oil production complex at the northeastern Sakhalin offshore for more than five years. It gives an opportunity to provide an appropriate assessment for wind forecasts issued by any national meteorological center, and its confidence and simplicity allow using it in operative conditions.
Design and Construction of Icebreakers for Operation in the Barents Sea
Authors: Tan Chenghui
Published: April 2022

Recent major oil finds in the Russia Arctic region have led to a marked increase in exploration and production activities. Russian Government and Russian oil companies have invested heavily to make year–round export of oil and gas from the Barents and Pechora Seas a reality. Lukoil, in particular, is developing the Varandey terminal. Lukoil has ordered one dedicated icebreaker and one icebreaking standby/supply ship from Keppel Singmarine.

The icebreaker is capable of operating independently in the ice conditions. Built to RMRS LL7 notation, its main function is to perform ice channeling for tankers within the terminal area, assist in tanker maneuvering, mooring and loading. The icebreaking standby/supply ship is built for year–round operation within the area of the offshore oil terminal in the Barents and Pechora Seas. Built to RMRS LU7 notation, its main function is to provide limited ice escort services at the terminal area in the event that the icebreaker becomes unavailable. Operating ambient air temperatures are in the range +30°C to – 40°C. Both ships are built to “Clean Design” standards. The paper describes some of the challenges faced by the Builder during the design and construction of the vessels.
Modelling Ice Rubble Accumulation around Offshore Structures
Authors: McKenna Richard , Marcellus Bob , Croasdale Ken , McGonigal Dave , Stuckey Paul
Published: April 2022

Large ice rubble accumulations can occur adjacent to offshore structures in shallow water sea ice environments. Potential effects include ice load attenuation, impairment of EER systems and reduced vessel access. Drawing on measurements of rubble height and extent, an empirical approach has been developed for rubble characterization and modelling of these effects. A primary input is a series of events to represent the anticipated ice conditions and drift over the service life of the structure. The build-up of rubble against the structure during an event is modelled on a regular grid, with rubble extent and height based on measured data, thereby ensuring a realistic representation. The approach has been used to assess downtime based on access criteria for supply, or escape, evacuation and rescue (EER) and the ability to clear rubble by ice management vessels. The same methodology has also been used for incorporating load attenuation as a result of grounded rubble in probabilistic ice load assessments.
Resistance and Propulsion Tests of CCGS TERRY FOX in Ice - From Model Tests to Full Scale Correlation
Authors: Wang Jungyong , Jones Stephen J.
Published: April 2022

The first resistance and propulsion tests of a Terry Fox model were carried out in 1988 at the Institute for Ocean Technology, IOT (formerly Institute of Marine Dynamics, IMD). More recent resistance and propulsion model tests were again conducted in 2007. This paper describes not only the correlation with full scale but also the reproducibility and quality of the test data and test method over 20 years. The model has been tested with three different hull-ice friction coefficients, 0.11, 0.045, and 0.005 and several different ice conditions. The empirical formula to predict the full-scale resistance is given based on the IOT’s standard analysis method.

Towed propulsion tests were carried out in ice and in open water using an overload method. During the full-scale tests conducted in 1990 by Fleet Technology Limited, the flexural strength of the ice was 150 kPa and the thickness was 1.55 m. It was quite soft but thick ice. Due to the thick ice, significant propeller ice interaction was reported, but unfortunately model tests were not done with corresponding full-scale ice thickness. Some of the other full-scale measurements (in 1986 by Arctec Canada Limited) had a snow cover, hummocks, and melt-pools which could affect the resistance value. These effects were not taken into account in the model tests.

The present paper shows the usefulness of a non-dimensional method to predict resistance with four components (breaking term, clearing term, buoyancy term and open water term). Overall resistance prediction is good, but the power prediction shows some discrepancies possibly due to propeller ice interaction. The model results from the 1988 to 2007 tests were consistent over the twenty years between the tests, and the prediction method for full-scale power is appropriate with a friction coefficient of about 0.05, as has been found before at IOT.
Advances in Marine Ice Profiling for Oil and Gas Applications
Authors: Fissel David , Marko John , Melling Humfrey
Published: April 2022

Upward-looking sonar (ULS) is a primary source of data for measurements of ice thickness. Self-contained units now have the data capacity and accuracy/resolution sufficient for unattended operation over periods of months to years. Recent technological advances have now led to the next generation of ice-profiling sonar (IPS), incorporating much expanded on-board data storage capacity (69 Mbytes to 8 Gbytes) and powerful onboard real-time firmware. The enlarged data storage of the newest ice profilers enables collection of ocean wave data during periods of open water in summer. Semiautomated detection of open water in the form of short duration occurrences of ice leads is now possible. The capability to derive acoustic returns from a range of levels in the water column and the lower part of the ice cover hold promise for improving understanding of processes occurring during the initial freeze-up and early consolidation phases of sea ice growth and for detection of ice properties in the keels of consolidated ice.
The Development of Requirements for the Winterisation of Ships
Authors: Bridges Robert
Published: April 2022

In recent years there has been substantial interest and growing demand for ships to navigate in cold regions. One reason for this is the emergence of new trade routes in cold regions, which pose new design conditions and challenges. In addition, not all builders have experience of designing ships intended for ice and cold environments. As a result there is a pressing need for rules and standards to give clear requirements for shipbuilders to develop suitable designs for cold climate operation. This paper provides an insight into the background and development of winterisation rules, an introduction to the framework of the rules and explanation of some of the key features.
ARKTOS Full-Scale Evacuation Tests
Authors: Seligman Bruce , Bercha Frank , Hatfield Peter
Published: April 2022

The Arktos vehicle is an amphibious craft system capable of operation in a wide range of Arctic ice conditions and seastates. It is approved as an evacuation system by various regulators, such as the US Coast Guard, and is currently operational in several marine cold regions as an EER system. As part of a reliability investigation of the ARKTOS EER capability, a series of non-Arctic calm condition fully-manned drills was carried out to focus on ergonomic factors. These drills were carried out at a temperate location in the Fraser River Delta, near Vancouver, B.C. A full complement of evacuees was observed and documented throughout a range of evacuation drills, including escape, boarding, securing, and transport to a location outside of a hypothetical hazard zone. Video, time, and expert observer records were made and analyzed subsequently. Two sets of drills were carried out; namely, full-scale evacuation drills and calm open water operation drills. Both sets of drills focused on the ergonomic interfaces of the subjects and the vehicle. This paper describes the observations, presents the statistical results from the data collected, and compares observed results with predicted results of a probabilistic EER simulation computer model. Conclusions and recommendations for reliability improvements are given.
Arctic Sea Ice Changes under Global Warming
Authors: Wadhams Peter
Published: April 2022

In this review we summarise the latest results on the rapid changes that are occurring to Arctic sea ice thickness and extent, the reasons for them, and the methods being used to monitor the changing ice thickness. Arctic sea ice extent has been reducing at a relatively modest rate of 3-4% per decade (annually averaged) but since 1996 this has speeded up to 10% per decade and in summer 2007 there was a massive collapse of ice extent to a new record minimum of only 4.1 million sq km. Thickness has been falling at a more rapid rate (43% in the 25 years from the early 1970s to late 1990s) with a specially rapid loss of mass from pressure ridges. The summer 2007 event may arise from an interaction between the long-term retreat and more rapid thinning rates. We review thickness monitoring techniques which show the greatest promise on different spatial and temporal scales, and for different purposes. We show results from some very recent work from submarines.
Structural Response of Cargo Containment Systems in LNG Carriers under Ice Loads
Authors: Wang Bo , Yu Han , Basu Roger , Lee Hoseong , Kwon Jin Chil , Jeon Byung Young , Kim Jae Hyun , Daley Claude , Kendrick Andrew
Published: April 2022

Ship-ice interaction scenarios have been investigated for possible operation routes in Arctic areas and six scenarios were selected to study the structural response of Cargo Containment Systems (CCS) in both membrane and spherical types of LNG ships. For selected ship-ice interaction scenarios, ice loads and loading areas in the hull structure were determined based on the energy theory. For membrane-type LNG carriers, CCS is made of very different materials such as plywood, foam and mastic. A local FE model including the partial hull structure with one panel of individual CCS has been developed for analysis purposes. For Moss-type LNG carriers, the tank system consists of a spherical tank and a cylindrical supporting skirt structure. A local FE model including the partial hull structure with the skirt structure has also been developed for structural analysis. One critical loading location, where the ice load is applied to cause the maximum deflection of inner hull, is determined in the side shell for investigating the deformation behavior of CCS for all selected scenarios. Linear buckling analysis was performed to investigate the stability of hull structure. Nonlinear static FE analyses were conducted to obtain stress and displacement in membrane-type CCS and skirt structure, respectively. Critical locations where the maximum stresses occur in CCS were identified in both membrane and Moss types of LNG carriers. The strength of LNG carriers under the design ice load was evaluated based on FE results and assessment criteria. Finally, structural analysis procedures have been developed for assessing the strength of cargo containment systems in ice class LNG carriers.
Operational Limitations of Conventional Lifeboats Operating in Sea Ice
Authors: Kennedy Allison , Simões Ré Antonio , Veitch Brian
Published: April 2022

Conventional lifeboats have not been designed to withstand ice impact loads. It is uncertain if these boats have the structural capacity to withstand a collision with either level or concentrated pack ice. The main objective of the research reported here is to determine the structural limitations of conventional lifeboats in order to help devise safe operating procedures for lifeboats in ice.