bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between antidepressant use and delirium in older adults: an analysis of the World Health Organization’s global pharmacovigilance database
Authors: Minoc Elise-Marie , Villain Cédric , Benbrika Soumia , Chrétien Basile , Descatoire Pablo , Heraudeau Marie , Sassier Marion , Pierre Mélissa , Martinaud Olivier , Dolladille Charles , Lelong-Boulouard Véronique
Published: July 2024

Background

Psychoactive drugs frequently cause delirium adverse events in older adults. However, few data on the relationship between antidepressants and delirium are available. Here, we investigated the association between antidepressant prescription and pharmacovigilance reports of delirium in older adults.

Methods

Using the World Health Organization’s VigiBase® global pharmacovigilance database from 1967 to 2022, we performed a disproportionality analysis in order to probe the putative associations between each antidepressant class (non-selective monoamine reuptake inhibitors (NSMRIs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), alpha-2-adrenergic receptor antagonists, and other antidepressants) and reports of delirium in people aged 65 or over. We calculated the reporting odds ratios (r-OR) and their 95% confidence interval ([95%CI]) with logistic regression models before and after adjustment for confounding factors. Secondary analyses were performed for each drug and within each class by age group (65-74, and 75 and over). We also studied the reports of concomitant delirium and hyponatremia.

Results

Our main analysis included 87,524 cases of delirium. After adjustment for confounders, a significant association was found between delirium and all antidepressant classes other than SNRIs. Intraclass disparities were found for the association between the most frequently prescribed antidepressants and reports of delirium. An elevated risk of reports of concomitant delirium and hyponatremia was found for SSRIs (4.46 [4.01-4.96]), SNRIs (1.25 [1.07-1.46]), MAOIs (1.72 [1.41-2.09]), and the “other antidepressants” class (1.47 [1.30-1.65]).

Conclusions

There was a significant association between reports of delirium and antidepressant classes (other than SNRIs). However, this association varied from one drug to another within a given antidepressant class. Moreover, this association could not always be explained by antidepressant-induced hyponatremia.
Comparison of FGM prevalence among Nigerian women aged 15–49 years using two household surveys conducted before and after the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Morlighem Camille , Visée Corentin , Nnanatu Chibuzor Christopher
Published: July 2024

Background

Due to its economic burden and change of focus, there is no gainsaying of the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the progress of several female genital mutilation (FGM) interventions across the various countries. However, the magnitude of the potential changes in likelihood and prevalence should be more accurately explored and quantified using a statistically robust comparative study. In this study, we examined the differences in the likelihood and prevalence of FGM among 15-49 years old women before and after the pandemic in Nigeria.

Methods

We used advanced Bayesian hierarchical models to analyse post-COVID-19 datasets provided by the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS 2021) and pre-COVID-19 data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS 2018).

Results

Results indicated that although there was an overall decline in FGM prevalence nationally, heterogeneities exist at state level and at individual-/community-level characteristics. There was a 6.9% increase in prevalence among women who would like FGM to continue within the community. FGM prevalence increased by 18.9% in Nasarawa, while in Kaduna there was nearly 40% decrease.

Conclusions

Results show that FGM is still a social norm issue in Nigeria and that it may have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The methods, data and outputs from this study would serve to provide accurate statistical evidence required by policymakers for complete eradication of FGM.
Preliminarily exploring the intraoperative ultrasonography characteristics of patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy
Authors: Liu Wenfen , Li Jiachun , Shu Tao , Ji Qiao , Wang Xianxiang , Li Renjie , Sui Yajuan , He Danni , Xu Zuofeng
Published: July 2024

Background

How to quickly read and interpret intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) images of patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) to obtain meaningful information? Few studies have systematically explored this topic.

Purpose

To systematically and comprehensively explore the IOUS characteristics of patients with DCM.

Materials and methods

This single-center study retrospectively included patients with DCM who underwent French-door laminoplasty (FDL) with IOUS guidance from October 2019 to March 2022. One-way ANOVA and Pearson’s /Spearman’s correlation analysis were used to analyze the correlations between the cross-sectional area of the spinal cord (SC) and individual characteristics; the relationships between the morphology, echogenicity, pulsation, decompression statuses, compression types of SC, location of the spinal cord central echo complex (SCCEC) and the disease severity (the preoperative Japanese Orthopedic Association score, preJOA score); the difference of the spinal cord pulsation amplitude(SCPA) and the SCCEC forward movement rate (FMR) between the compressed areas(CAs) and the non-compressed areas (NCAs).

Results

A total of 38 patients were successfully enrolled (30 males and 8 females), and the mean age was 57.05 ± 10.29 (27–75) years. The cross-sectional area of the SC was negatively correlated with age (r = − 0.441, p = 0.006). The preJOA score was significantly lower in the heterogeneous group than in the homogeneous group (P < 0.05, p = 0.005). The hyperechoic area (HEA) was negatively while the SCCEC FMR was positively correlated with the preJOA score (r = − 0.334, p = 0.020; r = 0.286, p = 0.041). The SCCEC FMR and SCPA in CAs were significantly greater than those in NCAs (p < 0.05, p = 0.007; P < 0.001, P = 0.000).

Conclusion

The cross-sectional area of the SC decreases with age in adults. More changes in intramedullary echogenicity and less moving forward of the SCCEC often indicate poor SC status, and the SCCEC FMR and SCPA are more pronounced in CAs.
Using fosfomycin to prevent infection following ureterorenoscopy in response to shortage of cephalosporins: a retrospective preliminary study
Authors: Etani Toshiki , Wachino Chiharu , Sakata Takuya , Aoki Maria , Gonda Masakazu , Shimizu Nobuhiko , Nagai Takashi , Unno Rei , Taguchi Kazumi , Naiki Taku , Hamamoto Shuzo , Okada Atsushi , Kawai Noriyasu , Nakamura Atsushi , Yasui Takahiro
Published: July 2024

Background

In 2019, the shortage of cefazolin led to the demand for cefotiam and cefmetazole exceeding the supply. The Department of Nephro-urology at Nagoya City University Hospital used fosfomycin as a substitute for perioperative prophylaxis. This retrospective preliminary study evaluated the efficacy of fosfomycin and cefotiam for preventing infections following ureterorenoscopy.

Methods

The study included 182 patients who underwent ureterorenoscopy between January 2018 and March 2021). Perioperative antibacterial treatment with fosfomycin (n = 108) or cefotiam (n = 74) was administered. We performed propensity score matching in both groups for age, sex, preoperative urinary catheter use, and preoperative antibiotic treatment.

Results

The fosfomycin and cefotiam groups (n = 69 per group) exhibited no significant differences in terms of patients’ median age, operative duration, preoperative urine white blood cell count, preoperative urine bacterial count, and the rate of preoperative antibiotic treatment. In the fosfomycin and cefotiam groups, the median duration of postoperative hospital stay was 3 and 4 days, respectively; the median maximum postoperative temperature was 37.3 °C and 37.2 °C, respectively. The fosfomycin group had lower postoperative C-reactive protein levels and white blood cell count than the cefotiam group. However, the frequency of fever > 38 °C requiring additional antibiotic administration was similar.

Conclusions

During cefotiam shortage, fosfomycin administration enabled surgeons to continue performing ureterorenoscopies without increasing the complication rate.
Unlocking the therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa extract: phytochemical analysis and revealing antimicrobial and antioxidant marvels
Authors: Rahman Anees Ur , Abdullah Abdullah , Faisal Shah , Mansour Basem , Yahya Galal
Published: July 2024

The growing global threat of antimicrobial resistance endangers both human and animal life, necessitating the urgent discovery of novel antimicrobial solutions. Medicinal plants hold promise as sources of potential antimicrobial compounds. In this study, we investigated the phytochemical constituents and microbicidal capabilities of the ethanolic extract from Nigella sativa (black seed). Gas chromatography analysis (GC) identified 11 compounds, among them thymoquinone, and thymol, contributing to antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Antimicrobial assays demonstrated notable inhibition zones against broad spectra of bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter, and Bacillus subtilis, along with potent antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Penicillium, and Candida albicans. Notably, when combined with antibiotics, the extract displayed exceptional synergistic antimicrobial efficacy. The black seed extract demonstrated membrane-damaging activity and disrupted virulence factors that protect microbes from antimicrobial agents, including the formation of bacterial biofilm and protease secretion. Thymoquinone, the primary active constituent of the extract, exhibited similar antimicrobial and ant virulence properties. In silico analysis targeting key regulators of quorum sensing and biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa, such as RhlG, LasR, and PqsR, showed a remarkable affinity of thymol and thymoquinone for these targets. Moreover, the N. sativa extract exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity against both the promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania tropica parasites, hinting at potential antiparasitic activity. In addition to its antimicrobial properties, the extract displayed potential antioxidant activity at a concentration of 400 μg/mL.
Evaluating the perceived impact and legacy of master’s degree level research in the allied health professions: a UK-wide cross-sectional survey
Authors: Cordrey Terry , Thomas Amanda , King Elizabeth , Gustafson Owen
Published: July 2024

Background

Post graduate master’s degree qualifications are increasingly required to advance allied health profession careers in education, clinical practice, leadership, and research. Successful awards are dependent on completion of a research dissertation project. Despite the high volume of experience gained and research undertaken at this level, the benefits and impact are not well understood. Our study aimed to evaluate the perceived impact and legacy of master’s degree training and research on allied health profession practice and research activity.

Methods

A cross-sectional online survey design was used to collect data from allied health professionals working in the United Kingdom who had completed a postgraduate master’s degree. Participants were recruited voluntarily using social media and clinical interest group advertisement. Data was collected between October and December 2022 and was analysed using descriptive statistics and narrative content analysis. Informed consent was gained, and the study was approved by the university research ethics committee.

Results

Eighty-four responses were received from nine allied health professions with paramedics and physiotherapists forming the majority (57%) of respondents. Primary motivation for completion of the master’s degree was for clinical career progression (n = 44, 52.4%) and formation of the research dissertation question was predominantly sourced from individual ideas (n = 58, 69%). Formal research output was low with 27.4% (n = 23) of projects published in peer reviewed journal and a third of projects reporting no output or dissemination at all. Perceived impact was rated highest in individual learning outcomes, such as improving confidence and capability in clinical practice and research skills. Ongoing research engagement and activity was high with over two thirds (n = 57, 67.9%) involved in formal research projects.

Conclusion

The focus of master's degree level research was largely self-generated with the highest perceived impact on individual outcomes rather than broader clinical service and organisation influence. Formal output from master’s research was low, but ongoing research engagement and activity was high suggesting master’s degree training is an under-recognised source for AHP research capacity building. Future research should investigate the potential benefits of better coordinated and prioritised research at master’s degree level on professional and organisational impact.
A retrospective cohort study to evaluate disease burden, health care resource utilization, and costs in patients with breast cancer in Dubai, UAE
Authors: Hamza DMM , Zayed MWA , Tahoun N , Farghaly M , Kumaresan S , Ramachandrachar BC , Ali A
Published: July 2024

Background

The current study evaluated the disease burden, health care resource utilization and analyzed the cost burden due to events of special interest among patients with breast cancer (BC) diagnosed and treated in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE), in general and in the subset of patients treated with cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study, using insurance e-claims data from Dubai Real-World Database, was conducted from 01 January 2014 to 30 September 2021. Female patients aged ≥ 18 years with at least 1 diagnosis claim for BC and with continuous enrollment during the index period were included.

Results

Overall, 8,031 patients were diagnosed with BC (median age: 49.0 years), with the majority (68.1%) being in 41–60-year age group. During the post-index period, BC-specific costs contributed to 84% of the overall disease burden among patients with BC. Inpatient costs (USD 16,956.2) and medication costs (USD 10,251.3) contributed significantly to BC-specific costs. In the subgroup of patients in whom CDK4/6 inhibitors were part of the treatment regimen (n = 174), CDK4/6 inhibitors were commonly prescribed in combination with aromatase inhibitors (41.4%) and estrogen receptor antagonists (17.9%). In patients with BC, health care costs due to events of special interest (n = 1,843) contributed to 17% of the overall disease cost burden.

Conclusion

The study highlights the significant cost burden among patients with BC, with BC-specific costs contributing to 84% of the overall disease cost burden. Despite few limitations such as study population predominantly comprising of privately insured expatriate patients and only direct healthcare costs being assessed in the current study, most indicative costs have been captured in the study, by careful patient selection and cost comparisons, as applicable. The findings can guide key health care stakeholders (payers and providers) on future policy measures aiming to reduce the cost burden among patients with BC.
Knowledge in motion: temporal dynamics of wild food plant use in the Polish-Lithuanian-Belarusian border region
Authors: Prakofjewa Julia , Sartori Matteo , Šarka Povilas , Kalle Raivo , Pieroni Andrea , Sõukand Renata
Published: July 2024

Background

Understanding how Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) evolves over time is crucial for fostering social and environmental responsibility. This study aims to develop a conceptual model of plant knowledge circulation, providing insights into the temporal dynamics of LEK in the Polish-Lithuanian-Belarusian border region. It explores the key patterns and driving forces behind changes in the use of wild plants for food.

Methods

Field research was conducted in 60 rural settlements across Podlasie Voivodeship (Poland), Vilnius Region (Lithuania), and Hrodna Region (Belarus). This included 200 semi-structured interviews and participant observation among two local communities, Lithuanians and Poles. To assess the temporal dynamics of wild food use, we performed a cross-ethnic, cross-border analysis over time, dividing the data into three major temporal dimensions: past, continuous, and recently acquired uses.

Results

Of the 72 wild plant taxa reported by Poles or Lithuanians in the Polish-Lithuanian-Belarusian borderland, 47 were continuously used for food, 58 were utilised in the past, and 41 were recently acquired. Cross-country trends were similar, with Poland showing more past uses. Diachronic comparisons between Poles and Lithuanians in each studied country revealed no significant differences. Recently acquired taxa overlapped considerably with those used continuously and in the past. The most diversely utilised taxa showed the greatest overlaps. By observing the movement of specific plant taxa within various time dimensions, we distinguished overlapping flow variations: retention (3 taxa), decay (11), invention (8), stagnation (17), revitalisation (6), re-invention (3), and knowledge in motion (24). Shifts in the use of wild food plants were influenced by changes in environmental conditions, governmental policies, cultural practices, and economic factors.

Conclusion

The findings of this study have important implications for improving methods of tracking changes in LEK and enhancing our understanding of the relationship between people and nature. Our results underscore the importance of considering knowledge circulation over time in different directions. Recognising the various stages of knowledge circulation might help in pursuing sustainable solutions that balance the needs of human communities with environmental protection.
The effect of large channel-based foraminoplasty on lumbar biomechanics in percutaneous endoscopic discectomy: a finite element analysis
Authors: Sun Wei , Li Duohua , Zhao Sicong , Fu Hao , Tian Jiayu , Zhang Feng , Feng Hu , Wu Dongying
Published: July 2024

Background

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of foraminoplasty using large-channel endoscopy during TESSYS on the biomechanics of the lumbar spine.

Methods

A complete lumbar spine model, M1, was built using 3D finite elements, and models M2 and M3 were constructed to simulate the intraoperative removal of the superior articular process of L5 using a trephine saw with diameters of 5 mm and 8.5 mm, respectively, and applying normal physiological loads on the different models to simulate six working conditions—anterior flexion, posterior extension, left-right lateral bending, and left-right rotation—to investigate the displacement and facet joint stress change of the surgical segment, and the disc stress change of the surgical and adjacent segments.

Results

Compared with the M1 model, the M2 and M3 models showed decreased stress at the L4-5 left FJ and a significant increase in stress at the right FJ in forward flexion. In the M2 and M3 models, the L4-5 FJ stresses were significantly greater in left lateral bending or left rotation than in right lateral bending or right rotation. The right FJ stress in M3 was greater during left rotation than that in M2, and that in M2 was greater than that in M1. The L4-5disc stress in the M3 model was greater during posterior extension than that in the M1 and M2 models. The L4-5disc stress in the M3 model was greater in the right rotation than in the M2 model, and that in the M2 model was greater than that in the M1 model.

Conclusion

Foraminoplasty using large-channel endoscopy could increase the stress on the FJ and disc of the surgical segment, which suggested unnecessary and excessive resection should be avoided in PTED to minimize biomechanical disruption.
Resilience after severe critical illness: a prospective, multicentre, observational study (RESIREA)
Authors: Mathieu Alice , Reignier Jean , Le Gouge Amélie , Plantefeve Gaetan , Mira Jean-Paul , Argaud Laurent , Asfar Pierre , Badie Julio , Botoc Nicolae-Vlad , Bui Hoang-Nam , Chatellier Delphine , Chauvelot Louis , Cracco Christophe , Darmon Michael , Delbove Agathe , Devaquet Jérôme , Dumont Louis-Marie , Gontier Olivier , Groyer Samuel , Hourmant Yannick , Jaber Samir , Lambiotte Fabien , Madeux Benjamin , Maizel Julien , Martinet Olivier , Maxime Virginie , Mercier Emmanuelle , Nay Mai-Anh , Nseir Saad , Piton Gael , Quenot Jean-Pierre , Renault Anne , Rigaud Jean-Philippe , Schneider Francis , Sirodot Michel , Souweine Bertrand , Tamion Fabienne , Thévenin Didier , Thieulot-Rolin Nathalie , Tinturier Francois , Tirot Patrice , Vinatier Isabelle , Vinsonneau Christophe , Lascarrou Jean-Baptiste , Laurent Alexandra ,   the NUTRIREA-3 Trial Investigators,   the Clinical Research In Intensive Care and Sepsis (CRICS-TRIGGERSEP) Group
Published: July 2024

Background

Critical-illness survivors may experience post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and quality-of-life impairments. Resilience may protect against psychological trauma but has not been adequately studied after critical illness. We assessed resilience and its associations with PTSD and quality of life, and also identified factors associated with greater resilience.

Methods

This prospective, multicentre, study in patients recruited at 41 French ICUs was done in parallel with the NUTRIREA-3 trial in patients given mechanical ventilation and vasoactive amines for shock. Three months to one year after intensive-care-unit admission, survivors completed the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-25), Impact of Event-Revised scale for PTSD symptoms (IES-R), SF-36 quality-of-life scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ).

Results

Of the 382 included patients, 203 (53.1%) had normal or high resilience (CD-RISC-25 ≥ 68). Of these resilient patients, 26 (12.8%) had moderate to severe PTSD symptoms (IES-R ≥ 24) vs. 45 (25.4%) patients with low resilience (p = 0.002). Resilient patients had higher SF-36 scores. Factors independently associated with higher CD-RISC-25 scores were higher MSPSS score indicating stronger social support (OR, 1.027; 95%CI 1.008–1.047; p = 0.005) and lower B-IPQ scores indicating a more threatening perception of the illness (OR, 0.973; 95%CI 0.950–0.996; p = 0.02).

Conclusions

Resilient patients had a lower prevalence of PTSD symptoms and higher quality of life scores, compared to patients with low resilience. Higher scores for social support and illness perception were independently associated with greater resilience. Thus, our findings suggest that interventions to strengthen social support and improve illness perception may help to improve resilience. Such interventions should be evaluated in trials with PTSD mitigation and quality-of-life improvement as the target outcomes.
A randomized controlled trial to assess if changing sleep timing can improve glucose metabolism in people with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Bouman Emma J. , Slebe Romy , Stenvers Dirk Jan , Elders Petra J. M. , Beulens Joline W. J. , Rutters Femke
Published: July 2024

Background

Social jetlag is a chronic disruption of sleep timing that is characterized by different sleep timing during workdays and free days. Social jetlag has been associated with disturbed glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and increased risk of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we aim to investigate whether a combination of bright light therapy in the morning, bright light reduction in the evening and sleep advance instructions for 3 weeks reduces social jetlag and if this results in improvement of glycemic and metabolic control, sleep, mood and quality of life after 3 and 12 weeks in people with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes and to assess possible mediators, compared to regular sleep habits.

Methods

In this randomized controlled trial, 60 people with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes with > 1 h social jetlag will be recruited. The intervention consists of bright light therapy (5000 lx) emitted by Vitamine-L (Lumie, UK) for 30 min each morning, combined with the advice to follow sleep advance instructions and to wear bright light-dimming goggles every evening for a period of 3 weeks. The control group adheres to their regular sleep habits and conditions. The primary outcome is glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) after 12 weeks comparing the intervention and control in an intention-to-treat analysis. Secondary outcomes at 3 and 12 weeks are (1) social jetlag; (2) insulin sensitivity, fasting blood glucose, glucose-lowering medication use, and frequency of perceived hypoglycemia; (3) metabolic outcomes, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, body fat percentage, and blood pressure; (4) mood, including depression, fatigue and anxiety (measured with questionnaires); and (5) quality of life measured using EQ5D questionnaire. To assess other factors that might play a role as possible mediators, we will measure (para)sympathetic nervous system activity assessed with ECGs and electrochemical skin conductance tests, sleep quality and sleep phase distribution assessed with a sleep measuring headband (ZMax), the Dim Light Melatonin Onset in saliva samples (in a subgroup) at 3 and 12 weeks, the feeling of satiety and satiation with a 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS), diet using a food frequency questionnaire, and physical activity using an accelerometer (ActiGraph).

Discussion

Social jetlag can contribute to poorer glycemic control and metabolic control in those with type 2 diabetes. With this intervention, we aim to reduce social jetlag and thereby improve glycemic and metabolic control. This could offer a way to improve overall population health and to reduce the disease burden of type 2 diabetes.

Trial registration

ISRCTN registry ISRCTN11967109. Registered on 9 May 2024.
Bezold’s abscess, an uncommon complication of otitis media and cholesteatoma: a case report
Authors: Toloczko Alexandra J. , Davis Thomas S. , Issa Mayada H.
Published: July 2024

Background

Mastoiditis frequently occurs in children as they are more susceptible to middle ear infections, but infrequently occurs in adults. A rare complication that results from mastoiditis and an obstructing cholesteatoma is a Bezold’s abscess, of which there are less than 100 reported cases in literature to date.

Case presentation

Here, we present a case of a 72-year-old Caucasian man who has had no history of prior ear infections and was found to have a cholesteatoma and advanced acute coalescent mastoiditis complicated by a Bezold’s abscess.

Conclusions

Bezold’s abscess is a rare entity infrequently encountered in the modern era, likely owing to more prompt treatment of otitis media. Cholesteatoma poses a great risk for both the development of otitis media and further progression to mastoiditis and its associated complications, such as Bezold’s abscess. Knowledge of said abscess is crucial; without prompt recognition, further spread of infection can occur with vascular or mediastinal involvement.
Mucinous tubular and spindle renal cell carcinoma revealed by a trauma of the kidney: a case report
Authors: Chaker Kays , Marrak Mahdi , Gharbia Nader , Zehani Alia , Ouanes Yassine , Nouira Yassine
Published: July 2024

Background

Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma is a rare renal tumor. It has been recognized as a distinct entity in the 2004 World Health Organization tumor classification. Since then, several dozen of these tumor have been reported with additional complementary morphologic characteristics, immunohistochemical profile, and molecular genetic features that have further clarified its clinicopathologic aspects.

Case presentation

We report the case of a 52-year-old male African patient who was found to have a mucinous tubular and spindle renal cell carcinoma on a nephrectomy specimen for a severe kidney trauma.

Conclusions

This tumor has a histological spectrum ranging from low to high grade, which includes sarcomatoid differentiation that can confer the tumor an aggressive clinical course.
Untangling the corruption maze: exploring the complexity of corruption in the health sector
Authors: Sommersguter-Reichmann Margit , Reichmann Gerhard
Published: July 2024

Background

Healthcare corruption poses a significant threat to individuals, institutions, sectors, and states. Combating corruption is paramount for protecting patients, maintaining the healthcare system's integrity, and preserving public trust. As corruption evolves, takes new forms, and adapts to changing socio-political landscapes, understanding its manifestations is critical to developing effective anti-corruption strategies at individual and institutional levels.

Objective

The aim was to comprehensively collate the manifestations of different types of corruption in healthcare to illustrate prevailing patterns and trends and to provide policymakers, practitioners, and researchers with practical insights to inform research agendas, regulatory and governance strategies, and accountability measures.

Method

We conducted a narrative review of scientific articles published between 2013 and 2022 using keyword searches in SCOPUS and EBSCO. We utilized the corruption typology proposed by the European Union and Thompson's Institutional Corruption Framework to systematically identify manifestations across different corruption types. The Prisma scheme was employed to document the selection process and ensure reproducibility.

Findings

Bribery in medical service provision was the most frequently investigated form of corruption, revealing rather uniform manifestations. Misuse of high-level positions and networks and institutional corruption also received considerable attention, with a wide range of misconduct identified in institutional corruption. Extending the analysis to institutional corruption also deepened the understanding of misconduct in the context of improper marketing relations and highlighted the involvement of various stakeholders, including academia. The pandemic exacerbated the vulnerability of the healthcare sector to procurement corruption. Also, it fostered new types of misconduct related to the misuse of high-level positions and networks and fraud and embezzlement of medical drugs, devices, and services.

Conclusions

The review spotlights criminal actions by individuals and networks and marks a notable shift towards systemic misconduct within specific types of corruption. The findings highlight the necessity of customized anti-corruption strategies throughout the healthcare sector. These insights are crucial for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers in guiding the formulation of legal frameworks at local and global levels, governance strategies, and research priorities.
Current trends in forestry research of Latin-America: an editorial overview of the Special Issue
Authors: Martínez Pastur Guillermo J. , Roig Fidel A.
Published: July 2024

Mendoza city (Argentina) hosted the VIII Latin American Forestry Congress (CONFLAT) and the V Forestry Congress of Argentina (CFA) in 2023, where relevant issues were addressed, such as climate change, degradation, reforestation, management and forest industry, monitoring, environmental services, social issues, and governance, among others. The objective of this Special Issue was to present the main advances in Forestry Science for Latin-America in the context of changing governance and forest livelihoods for people. The fifteen articles emphasize the interdisciplinary nature of the forest management and conservation, and that multiple variables must be considered to achieve sustainability. The articles come from studies across Southern South-America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay), and the collaboration of researchers of other countries (México, Canada, and Spain). Articles include research in tropical, Mediterranean and temperate Sub-Antarctic forests. Together, these articles provide a snapshot of new forestry research carried out locally and internationally to bring about beneficial ecological and environmental outcomes in a world facing the challenges of sustainable management and conservation amongst the threats and uncertainty of climate change and environmental degradation responsible for extensive loss of biodiversity and environmental services. We believe that this Special Issue will encourage more inter-disciplinary research focusing on management and conservation of forests.
Real-world efficacy of intravitreal faricimab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review
Authors: Nasimi Nasratullah , Nasimi Safiullah , Grauslund Jakob , Vergmann Anna Stage , Subhi Yousif
Published: July 2024

Background

To systematically review the real-world outcomes of intravitreal faricimab treatment in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) to evaluate its efficacy and safety in clinical settings. This study was conducted due to the need for real-world evidence to complement the findings from controlled clinical phase-III trials.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted on March 17, 2024, across 11 databases, utilizing search terms specifically tailored each database. All studies were reviewed qualitatively with specific focus on the outcomes of interest: the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), the central retina thickness (CRT), and the burden of therapy.

Results

We identified a total of 22 eligible studies of 1762 eyes from 1618 patients with nAMD. Studies reported that intravitreal faricimab injections maintained BCVA in patients with previously treated eyes and demonstrated statistically significant improvement in patients with treatment-naïve eyes. The CRT was reduced after intravitreal faricimab therapy. Faricimab was well-tolerated, with no significant safety concerns identified, and reduced the overall burden of therapy.

Conclusion

Real-world studies corroborate the conclusions drawn from phase-III trials regarding faricimab treatment, demonstrating improvement in both visual and anatomical outcomes. Additionally, no significant safety issues were identified, as the treatment was generally well-tolerated and reduced the overall burden of therapy in the real-world settings.
Clinical role of genetic testing for the Brugada syndrome overlapping with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Jeong Joo Hee , Lee Hyoung Seok , Choi Yun Young , Kim Yun Gi , Shim Jaemin , Hwang Jin Ha , Yun Seung Gyu , Cho Yun Jung , Kim Young-Hoon , Choi Jong-Il
Published: July 2024

Background

Brugada syndrome (BrS) and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) are inherited cardiac diseases that may predispose to ventricular arrhythmia. Although overlapping features between BrS and ACM have been demonstrated previously, it remains to be determined whether genetic testing for ACM-related genes is needed in BrS probands.

Method

Based on a single-center, retrospective registry of BrS, we aimed to verify genetic profiles of BrS using a next-generation sequencing panel, and further analyzed genetic testing of ACM-related variants in Brugada phenotypes.

Results

Among a total of 119 Brugada phenotypes, 114 patients (95.8%) were male and the mean age of onset was 43.6 years. Genetic variants were identified in 25 of the 42 patients who underwent genetic testing. Fifteen patients had BrS-related genotypes, including SCN5A in 6 patients, and non-SCN5A genes in 9 patients (SCN10A, HCN4, SCN3B, and KCNE3). Nineteen patients underwent additional genetic testing with cardiomyopathy panel, which revealed ACM-related genotypes (2 PKP2, 1 DSG2, 1 TMEM43, 1 JUP, and 1 DSP) present in 6 patients (31.5%). None of the patients had structural or electrocardiographic features that fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for ACM.

Conclusions

In clinical setting, ACM-related genes were identified in a significant proportion of Brugada phenotypes, supporting the argument that genetic testing of ACM overlapping is needed. Follow-up imaging studies should be considered to monitor if the disease progresses to ACM.
Interatomic correlations moments in graphene monolayer
Authors: Gonçalves Rodrigues Clóves
Published: July 2024

This study investigated the interatomic correlation moments within a graphene monolayer using the correlative approach based on an unsymmetrized self-consistent field (CUSF) method. This analysis encompassed various approximations, such as the harmonic, quasi-harmonic, and weakly anharmonic models. Numerical evaluations for low temperatures were conducted employing the parametric interatomic potential specifically developed for graphene by Tewary and Yang. The findings revealed a notable reduction in the interatomic correlation moments with increased interatomic distance. Moreover, the correlations between the transverse atomic displacements were less pronounced than those between the longitudinal displacements. Additionally, the significance of anharmonicity was duly validated. Comparatively, the longitudinal atomic displacements in the graphene lattice exhibited a stronger correlation than the square and hexagonal lattices.
A Rare Case of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in Marine-Lehnhart Syndrome—Indication for Biopsy of Hot Thyroid Nodules?
Authors: Masjkur Jimmy , Thurnheer Martin , Maas Ole Christopher , Schuler Roland , Strey Christopher
Published: July 2024

An uncommon occurrence in which Graves disease (GD) coincides with autonomous functioning thyroid nodules (AFTNs) is termed Marine-Lehnhart syndrome (MLS). While hyperfunctioning nodules in MLS are commonly benign, there exists a rare potential for malignancy. A 41-year-old male patient was initially managed conservatively upon being diagnosed with MLS type 1. However, the emergence of obstructive symptoms prompted a thyroidectomy 4 years after initial presentation. Histological analysis revealed 2 cervical lymph node metastases and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) within the AFTN.
Implications of Timanian thrust systems in the Barents Sea and Svalbard on using paleontological constraints for plate tectonics reconstructions
Authors: Koehl Jean-Baptiste P.
Published: July 2024

Background The Svalbard Archipelago is commonly believed to have been located at comparable latitude and, possibly, to have been attached to Laurentia in the early Paleozoic (500–420 Ma) based on trilobite assemblage similarities. Trilobite assemblage differences and lack of mixing between Laurentia–Svalbard and Baltica were further used to propose that these continents were separated by the Iapetus Ocean at that time. However, recent structural correlation of Timanian (650–550 Ma) thrust systems throughout the Barents Sea show that Svalbard was already attached to Baltica in the latest Neoproterozoic and remained so during the Phanerozoic. Methods The present study presents a new interpretation of seismic reflection data from the DISKOS database, which were tied to nearby exploration wells. The study uses recently acquired knowledge of the seismic facies of intensely deformed pre-Caledonian rocks and principles of seismic stratigraphy to interpret the data. Results The present study reconciles the proximity of Svalbard and Laurentia with the early accretion of Svalbard to Baltica in the latest Neoproterozoic. It also describes the influence of Timanian thrust systems on paleoenvironments and possible effects on trilobite assemblages, e.g., the lack of mixing between those of Laurentia–Svalbard and Baltica. Conclusions The identification of elongate, emerged topographic highs in the Barents Sea and Svalbard in the late Neoproterozoic–early Paleozoic suggest that paleontological constraints should be considered with greater care when discussing continent separation since thrust systems may act as major faunal barriers within a single tectonic plate. Other factors to consider when discussing plate separation include paleoclimatic belts.
Developing neutral linguistic resources for the implementation of an automatic transformational analyzer
Authors: Silberztein Max , Mota Cristina , Barreiro Anabela
Published: July 2024

Bakground The linguistic pursuit of describing natural languages stands as a commendable scientific endeavor, regardless of immediate software application prospects. It transcends mere documentation of possible sentences to establish connections between sentences derived from transformations. Methods Amid the dominance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in research and technology, which offer intriguing advancements in text generation, the approaches presented in this article confront challenges like opacity, limited human intervention, and adaptation difficulties inherent in LLMs. The alternative or complementary approaches highlighted here focus on the theoretical and methodological challenges of describing linguistic transformations and are firmly rooted in the field of linguistics, the science of language. We propose two solutions to address the problem of language transformations: (i) the procedural approach, which involves representing each transformation with a transducer, and (ii) the declarative method, which entails capturing all potential transformations in a single neutral grammar. Results These approaches simplify the generation of complex sentences from elementary ones and vice versa. Conclusion This work has benefited from research exchanges within the Multi3Generation COST Action (CA18231), and the resources produced can contribute to enhancing any language generation system.
Polish psychotherapists and their generational attitudes towards supervision.
Authors: Galiński Kamil , Gierus Jacek
Published: July 2024

Cel pracy

Badanie miało na celu zebranie danych demograficznych opisujących populację polskich psychoterapeutów pracujących w różnych modalnościach oraz zbadanie ich potrzeb w superwizji. Dodatkowo artykuł podejmuje problematykę różnic międzypokoleniowych pomiędzy psychoterapeutami na podstawie teorii pokoleniowych.

Metoda

Badanie przeprowadzono za pomocą autorskiej ankiety, dystrybuowanej online w 2022 r. (N = 257). Ankieta składała się z 34 pytań dotyczących potrzeb w superwizji, w tym 4 pytań całkowicie otwartych i jednego zadania specjalnego.

Wyniki

: Analizy z zebranych danych sugerują, że superwizja cieszy się wysokim zainteresowaniem wśród polskich profesjonalistów (98% badanych korzysta z superwizji, z czego 61% korzysta z niej w trybie online lub mieszanym). Wykryto istotne różnice pomiędzy starszymi a młodszymi psychoterapeutami (chi-kwadrat = 14,682; p = 0,023) pod względem spostrzeganych różnic między superwizją online i superwizją na żywo. Nie wykryto istotnych różnic pomiędzy poszczególnymi pokoleniami w spostrzeganiu superwizji w innych badanych wymiarach. Analiza rang wykazała, że najważniejszą potrzebą w superwizji jest: uważność superwizora ułatwiająca uporządkowanie procesu terapeutycznego.

Wnioski

Uzyskano liczne wyniki opisujące populację polskich psychoterapeutów. Stwierdzono brak istotnych różnic pokoleniowych w formie korzystania z superwizji. Teorie pokoleniowe nie wykazują w tym obszarze użyteczności i na podstawie zebranych danych można je traktować jako stereotypowe. Hierarchia potrzeb superwizantów zdaje się nie odbiegać znacząco od poprzedniego polskiego badania opisującego tę tematykę. Autorzy uszeregowali potrzeby w superwizji według ich ważności i zaproponowali „odwróconą piramidę potrzeb” w superwizji.
Do Proprietary Costs Deter Insider Trading?
Authors: Choi Lyungmae , Faurel Lucile , Hillegeist Stephen
Published: July 2024

Insider trading conveys insiders’ private information to outsiders. This private information potentially benefits rival firms, which may reduce the competitive advantage of the insiders’ firms. Using a composite proprietary cost measure, we find proprietary costs are negatively associated with insiders’ purchases, especially when their trades are more likely to be informative to rivals. Consistent with proprietary costs increasing the costs of insider purchases and, hence, the expected benefits required to trade, insiders earn significantly higher abnormal profits when proprietary costs are higher. Exploiting settings with exogenous and event-driven variation in proprietary costs, we find insiders significantly reduce their purchases when noncompete agreement enforceability is high and before new product launches. Moreover, firms with higher proprietary costs are more likely to impose window-based insider trading restrictions and insiders with greater equity holdings reduce their purchases more strongly in the presence of proprietary costs. Finally, we provide evidence of real effects of insider trading on rivals’ investment decisions. We find that investments are associated with insiders’ purchases at rival firms, and these associations are stronger when proprietary costs at rivals are higher. Our findings indicate insiders and firms are aware of potential proprietary costs when insiders trade on private information and respond accordingly.

This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting.

Supplemental Material: The online appendices and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.02469 .
Open Anterograde Anatomic Radical Prostatectomy: a technique developed at Rio de Janeiro State University
Authors: S. Diniz Victor , S. Barroso Gabriela , B. Alves Rodrigo , B. Carrerette Fabricio , B. Rodeiro Daniela
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Radical prostatectomy is the gold standard treatment for localized prostate cancer, videolaparoscopic prostatectomy was a new leap forward, however, it added great technical difficulty with long and very slow learning curve overcome by few and very skilled surgeons, which made the universalization of the technique extremely difficult. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery democratized laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, allowing a large number of surgeons, even the least experienced, to perform this procedure with the same technique as experienced surgeons. However, the high cost of this technology greatly limits universalization, especially in countries in the global south. Methodology: In 2015, the possibility of using some concepts from laparoscopic prostatectomy to improve open prostatectomy was discussed. Based on a study of the various techniques performed by open, laparoscopic and robotic route, we developed a novel technique to reproduce robotic prostatectomy openly, without the addition of any new instrument or special materials and call "Open Anterograde Anatomic Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy" (AORP). Results: AORP was superior to Open Radical Prostatectomy in critical parameters that the median estimated blood loss 300mL versus 500mL (p=0.0003), urethrovesical anastomosis more rapid 20min versus 25min (p=0.005), shorter duration of indwelling vesical catheterization 7 versus 14 days, the surgeon's perception of the nerve-sparing 101 (87.8%) and 71 (67.6%) (p=0.0009), urinary continence 70 (60.9%) versus 45 (42.0%), fewer complications (p=0.007) and similar oncological control. Discussion: we understand that the gains of robotic surgery are not only due to the introduction of technology but also to an improvement in the technique of dissection, preservation and reconstruction that can be reproduced in open surgery and allow patients without access to robotic technology to be similarly operated with an improved procedure.