bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Normalized Difference Vegetative Index Response of Nonirrigated Kentucky Bluegrass and Tall Fescue Lawn Turf Receiving Seaweed Extracts
Authors: Guillard Karl , Inguagiato John C.
Published: December 2017

Turf managers are continually seeking improved grasses, management practices, and products that enhance heat and drought tolerance and reduce supplemental irrigation needs. To this end, products like seaweed extract (SWE) have been extensively studied on short-cut (≤12 mm) golf turf and seedlings of various turfgrass species exposed to stress conditions. Few studies, however, have reported SWE effects on mature, higher cut (≥38 mm) cool-season turfgrass swards. A 3-year field study (2013–15) was conducted in Connecticut to determine the effect of various SWE treatments on the normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) response of nonirrigated kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) turf managed as a lawn and cut at 76.2 mm. Separate experiments for each species were set out as randomized complete block designs with three replicates. Throughout the growing season in each year, various liquid SWEs were applied at a concentration of 9.55 L·ha−1 weekly or 19.1 L·ha−1 biweekly. A nontreated control was included. The study lacked extreme heat stress conditions during the yearly growing seasons, but periodic moisture deficits below normal were present. Within each year, there were no significant SWE effects on the NDVI of either species. The results suggest that there is no improvement in the NDVI by applying SWEs to mature, higher cut cool-season turfgrass lawns under less than extreme heat-stress conditions, water-stress conditions, or both. Because this study was conducted only at one site without extreme stress, further research of SWE applications to established, higher cut cool-season turfgrass lawns should be conducted across different locations and soils to determine the effects of applying SWE to these stands under extreme heat-stress conditions, water-stress conditions, or both.
Inheritance of Resistance to Gummy Stem Blight in Watermelon
Authors: Gusmini Gabriele , Rivera-Burgos Luis A. , Wehner Todd C.
Published: December 2017

Gummy stem blight (GSB), caused by three related species of Stagonosporopsis [Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum (syn. Didymella bryoniae), Stagonosporopsis citrulli, and Stagonosporopsis caricae], is a major disease of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] in most production areas of the United States. We studied the inheritance of resistance to GSB using three PI accessions of watermelon. Four families of six progenies (Pr, Ps, F1, F2, BC1Pr, and BC1Ps) were developed from four crosses of resistant PI accessions by susceptible cultivars. Each family was tested in 2002 and 2003 in North Carolina under field and greenhouse conditions for resistance to GSB. Artificial inoculation was used to induce uniform and strong epidemics. The effect of the Mendelian gene for resistance, db, was tested. Partial failure of the data to fit the single-gene inheritance suggested that resistance to GSB of PI 482283 and PI 526233 may be under the control of a more complex genetic system.
Oxygenation of Irrigation Water during Propagation and Container Production of Bedding Plants
Authors: Yafuso Erin J. , Fisher Paul R.
Published: December 2017

Oxygen supply to the root zone is essential for healthy plant growth, and one technology that can potentially supply additional oxygen is the injection of purified oxygen (oxygenation) into irrigation water. The objective was to evaluate whether oxygenation of irrigation water affected plant growth and substrate dissolved oxygen (DO) levels during mist propagation of unrooted cuttings and subsequent growth in containers. Dissolved oxygen measured at source tanks for ambient tap water (averaging 7.1 mg·L−1) or oxygenated tap water (31.1 mg·L−1) was pumped through fine (69 µm) mist nozzles for propagation of Calibrachoa ×hybrid ‘Aloha Kona Dark Red’ and Lobelia erinus ‘Bella Aqua’. There were no measured differences in root length or root dry mass for Calibrachoa and Lobelia propagated using oxygenated water compared with ambient water because DO of ambient or oxygenated water reached ≈100% oxygen saturation in water (8.7 mg·L−1) after passing through mist nozzles. To evaluate subsequent growth without the effect on DO of fine emitters, rooted cuttings of these two plant species and Pelargonium ×hortorum ‘Patriot Red’ were grown in 10.2-cm diameter pots. The plants were irrigated with either ambient (6.0 mg·L−1) or oxygenated (27.7 mg·L−1) nutrient solutions, delivered by top watering or subirrigation when the substrate dried to ≈45% of container capacity (CC), measured gravimetrically. Oxygenated water did not enhance root or shoot growth compared with ambient water for the three bedding plants. In addition, Pelargonium growth was not enhanced when irrigated at high moisture level (maintained at 80% CC) with oxygenated water compared with ambient water. In container substrate without plants, it was possible to increase DO of the substrate solution by 68% when a high volume of oxygenated water (200% container volume or 850 mL) was applied by top watering because existing substrate solution was displaced. In contrast, when containers were subirrigated at 45% CC, the smaller 180-mL volume of oxygenated water was absorbed by the substrate and did not increase DO compared with ambient water. Overall, irrigating with oxygenated water did not enhance root or plant growth of three bedding plants grown in porous, peat-based substrate. To increase oxygen supply to roots in container production, growers should focus on having adequate air porosity in substrate and avoiding overwatering.
Aluminum Stress Affects Growth and Physiological Characteristics in Oil Tea
Authors: Huang Liyuan , Yuan Jun , Wang Hui , Tan Xiaofeng , Niu Genhua
Published: December 2017

High concentration of aluminum ion (Al3+) in acidic soil often negatively affects plant growth. To deepen understanding of the mechanisms of physiological response to Aluminum (Al) toxicity, changes in physiology and cell ultrastructure of oil tea (Camellia oleifera) were investigated under different Al levels. Oil tea plants were grown in pots filled with sand and treated with Al at 0, 0.5, 1.25, 2.0, or 4.0 mm. Results showed that Al at 0.5–2.0 mm improved plant growth, whereas Al at 4.0 mm inhibited root growth and damaged cell ultrastructure. Net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (Tr), and photochemical efficiency increased as Al concentration increased from 0 to 2.0 mm; however, all parameters mentioned previously decreased at 4.0 mm. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) in leaves treated with 2.0 mm Al reached the maximum, which were 29%, 63%, and 28% higher than that of control. When Al was ≤2.0 mm, the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein increased with increasing Al concentration. These results may indicate that oil tea adapted to Al stress through osmotic adjustment and through increasing antioxidant enzyme system. In summary, Al at low concentration (0.5–2.0 mm) improved growth and physiological performance, whereas 4.0 mm negatively impacted performance of oil tea.
Combination Effect of 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) with Ajowan Essential Oil and Silver Nanoparticles on Postharvest Life of Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii) Cut Flowers
Authors: Nazari Farzad , Koushesh Saba Mahmoud
Published: December 2017

Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex. Hook f.) is one of the most important cut flowers in floriculture industry with high economic value. Short postharvest life is the main barrier for gerbera marketing which is related to water relation disruption resulting from microbial population in preservative solution and exposure to ethylene. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to study the combination effect of an ethylene inhibitor, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) (0 and 1 μL·L−1), and two antimicrobial agents, ajowan [Carum copticum (L.) C. B. Clarke] essential oil (EO) (0 and 15 μL·L−1) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) (0 and 40 μL·L−1), on postharvest life of ‘Pink Power’ gerbera cut flowers. The results showed that stem diameter reduced in both cut stem-end (CSE) and below the flower head (BFH) but the amount of decrease in CSE was more than BFH, and applied treatments had no significant effect on the decrease rate. However, both ajowan EO and AgNPs treatments reduced the number of bacteria at the CSE; ajowan EO was more effective than AgNPs and induced more vase solution uptake. Stem-end electrolyte leakage (EL) was unaffected by 1-MCP treatment, whereas petal EL was lower in 1-MCP-treated flowers. The least wilting percentage and the longest vase life were observed in combination treatment of 1-MCP and either ajowan EO or AgNPs. It could be concluded that 1-MCP combined with ajowan EO or AgNPs, potentially can be used as a preservative solution to enhance postharvest life, delay flower senescence, and prolong vase life of gerbera cut flowers.
Growth Is Inversely Correlated with Yield Efficiency across Cultivars in Young Olive (Olea europaea L.) Trees
Authors: Rosati Adolfo , Paoletti Andrea , Pannelli Giorgio , Famiani Franco
Published: December 2017

The modern olive industry is increasingly interested in olive cultivars that start producing early and remain relatively small, because they are suitable for super high-density orchards. Some cultivars are better suited to this than others but it is not clear why. Understanding the mechanisms that lead to early production and reduced canopy size is therefore important. The object of this study was to investigate whether differences in vigor across olive cultivars are related to earliness and abundance of bearing. We analyzed tree growth and productivity in young coetaneous trees of 12 olive cultivars, grown together in the same orchard. Trunk diameter increased over the observation period, reaching significantly different values across cultivars. Canopy volume also increased, reaching 2-fold differences between the minimum and the maximum values. Cumulative yield increased, reaching up to 3-fold differences. When the cumulative yield at the end of the experiment was plotted against the final trunk diameter, no correlation was found. A significant correlation was found when cumulative yield was plotted against the increment in trunk diameter during the observation period for which yield data were collected. This relationship improved (i.e., R2 rose from 0.57 to 0.83) when yield efficiency [i.e., cumulative yield per unit of final trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) or per unit of canopy volume] was used instead of yield. These results clearly showed that trees that produced proportionally more (i.e., higher yield efficiencies) grew less. We conclude that, in young olive trees, vigor is inversely related to early bearing efficiency, which differs significantly across cultivars. The results support the hypothesis that early and abundant bearing is a major factor in explaining differences in vigor across olive cultivars.
Aplicación del Costo de Capital en las pymes en Colombia: una revisión
Authors: Restrepo Londoño Amanda Lucía , Jiménez Sánchez Jorge Iván Iván
Published: December 2017

El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar una revisión de la literatura existente respecto al costo de capital en Colombia y específicamente a las pymes, con el fin de identificar los métodos utilizados y el uso de estas información al momento de buscar fuentes de financiación y optimizar la estructura financiera, para esto se realizó una búsqueda de los trabajos de investigación presentados en los últimos 10 años en el país, encontrando propuestas desde el punto de vista macroeconómico y financiero, posteriormente se realizó un recuento de estos a nivel nacional y aquellos enfocados en las pymes, para seleccionar uno de los modelos que mejor se adaptan a las condiciones del país y aplicarlo a las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas del sector comercio al por mayor y por menor, donde se concluye que el modelo seleccionado cumple con el principio financiero del costo de la deuda menor al costo del patrimonio y con ajustes propuestos por otros autores es posible ajustarlo a la realidad de la economía nacional, entregando como resultado un costo de capital promedio de 9,09%, el cual se encuentra por encima de la inversión en bonos del tesoro a 10 años o la DTF.
Fertilidad y pobreza: Una aproximación desde la descomposición de datos binarios de Fairlie al caso de la ciudad de Medellín
Authors: Henao Duque Juan Fernando
Published: December 2017

Este trabajo proporciona y otorga una mirada a la relación entre pobreza y fertilidad en la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia, A través de datos provenientes de la Encuesta de Calidad de Vida de Medellín para 2013 y utilizando la metodología de Fairlie se explica las diferencias existentes entre dos tipos de población (ingresos altos y bajos) en su decisión de tener hijos. Basados en la existencia de ciertos factores que potencializan esta divergencia en las decisiones de los grupos a analizar, grado de escolaridad, la participación laboral de la madre, la afiliación a fondo de pensión, entre otros. Para este fin analizaremos los determinantes de la fertilidad en las familias y como estos repercuten en la pobreza. Nuestros resultados a través de un modelo probit bajo la descomposición de Fairlie encuentra que existe aproximadamente una diferencia de 23,3% en la probabilidad de que los hogares con ingresos más bajos tengan más hijos que los hogares que tienen ingresos más altos cumpliendo con lo señalado por la literatura.
Satisfacción En El Trabajo: Un Análisis De Las Condiciones Salariales Y Laborales Del Contador Público
Authors: Roncancio García Ángel David , Camargo Mayorga David Andrés , Cardona García Octavio
Published: December 2017

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar cómo las condiciones salariales y laborales del contador público determinan su satisfacción laboral. Los resultados se obtuvieron de un modelo probit ordenado aplicado a un conjunto de datos provenientes de 328 encuestas aplicadas a contadores en la cuidad de Bogotá. Algunos de los resultados más destacados, permiten establecer que las mujeres están menos satisfechas que los hombres, que al aumentar la edad del contador es mayor la probabilidad de estar satisfecho, que los contratos a término indefinido aumentan la probabilidad de estar “muy satisfecho”, y que a medida que crecen los salarios aumenta la probabilidad general de satisfacción con el trabajo.
Causes of consultations and results of radiological and ultrasound methods in lizard diseases (2006-2014)
Authors: ŁOJSZCZYK-SZCZEPANIAK ANNA , SZCZEPANIAK KLAUDIUSZ O. , GRZYBEK MACIEJ , LISIAK BARBARA
Published: December 2017

Reptiles are becoming increasingly popular animals in amateur husbandry in Poland and worldwide. The world literature, however, does not provide data on the actual causes of radiological and ultrasound consultations in certain groups of animals, including reptiles. The aim of the study was the analysis of causes and results of diagnostic imaging examinations. The study was based on the data of 75 lizards which were patients of the university diagnostic imaging service in the years 2006-2014. The most common clinical signs in those animals were visible body deformations (33.33%), loss of body weight (30.67%) and loss of appetite (26.67%). In cases in which a preliminary diagnosis had been made, the largest proportion of animals were referred with suspected post-traumatic changes (12%), dystocia (10.67%) and ileus (9.33%). In diagnostic imaging tests, musculoskeletal (29.33%) and coelomic abnormalities (40.33%) were most commonly confirmed. Coelomic changes affected mainly the liver, reproductive system and gastrointestinal tract. For the musculoskeletal system, the most frequently identified causes were the presence of post-traumatic changes, malformations of the vertebral column, as well as metabolic bone disease. Cardiorespiratory and urinary problems were observed only sporadically. In twenty-two animals (29.33%), radiographic and ultrasound examinations failed to establish a diagnosis. The results of this study provide valuable data on the cross-section of the most common problems leading to diagnostic imaging evaluation in lizards. This research demonstrates that, despite the growing popularity of exotic animals, most of the problems diagnosed in such animals still arise from inappropriate breeding and housing conditions. In most cases, diagnostic imaging provides valuable information, making it possible to implement further steps....
Effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the antioxidant enzyme system activity of erythrocytes and phagocytes of carps in in vivo studies
Authors: SOPIŃSKA ANTONINA , GROCHOŁA ANNA
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this experiment was to estimate the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx, CAT) in erythrocytes and phagocytes of carps (Cyprinus carpio L.) after intraperitoneal injection of LPS at a dose of 75 μg/100 g b.w. Enzyme activity was determined 3, 6 and 12 hours, as well as 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after LPS administration. After 3 and 6 hours, SOD in erythrocytes increased, respectively, to 188% and 142% of its control group level, and after 12 hours, SOD activity was significantly reduced (117%) and remained unchanged until the end of the experiment. From 12 hours after LPS administration until the end of the study, the PGx level was statistically significantly lower than in the control group, whereas the catalase activity was statistically significantly lower than in the control group in all study periods. In kidney phagocytic cells, SOD activity after 12 hours and 3 days was similar to that in the control group, and in the following study periods it amounted to 66-78% of the control values. Until the 14th day of observation, PGx activity was statistically significantly lower than it was in the control group. Catalase activity in kidney leukocytes was statistically significantly lower than in the control group during the entire experiment, and the lowest in the first study days, amounting to 48-42% of the control group value. The results indicate a long-term decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities in the experimental fish (lasting 14 or 28 days)...
Pathomorphology of the carcinomas
Authors: MADEJ JANUSZ A.
Published: December 2017

The paper describes the morphological and functional differentiation of cancer cells and mentions basic markers combined with that phenomenon. Table 1 presents cariotypic and immunophenotypic changes, neoplastic biomarkers and biological products present within the cells in selected cancer types. The authors also present changes in the cell cycle that leads to cancerogenesis with an emphasis put on the role of so-called genome guardians, i.e. TP53 and RB1 genes, and describe the main epigenetic factors, including the DNA methylation process in CDH1 (cadherin1) gene. The article also shows the morphologic types of proliferative changes: pre-cancer lesions (laesio praecancerosus), pre-cancer states (status praecancerosus) and pre-invasive carcinoma (carcinoma praeinvasivum, carcinoma in situ). A new classification of carcinomas is presented, including tumours originating from: a – a luminal epithelial-like cell line (with typical epithelial markers – E-cadherin, desmoplakin 1), b – a weakly luminal epithelial-like cell line (with a visibly weakened expression of epithelial antigenes) and c – a mesenchymal-like cell line (with the presence of proteins typical for mesenchymal cells – vimentin, N-cadherin, and lack of epithelial-specific antigens). Moreover, the authors extensively describe the so-called epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) that can be observed both in in vitro and in vivo conditions. The role of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in that process is shown. The cells exhibit an increase in the expression of genes involved in adhesion and angiogenesis and an increased expression of neurotransmitter receptors (adrenaline, noradrenaline)....
Soból tajgowy (Martes zibellina) – cz. I
Authors: KOWALSKA DOROTA , GUGOŁEK ANDRZEJ
Published: December 2017

Soból tajgowy (Martes zibellina) powszechnie znany pod dawną nazwą soból syberyjski to gatunek uważany za najcenniejsze i najszlachetniejsze zwierzę futerkowe. Należy do rodziny łasicowatych (Mustelidae), rodzaju Martes. Jego najbliższymi krewniakami są kuna amerykańska (świerkowa), nazywana niekiedy sobolem amerykańskim oraz nasza kuna leśna – tumak. Znane są również przypadki naturalnych hybrydów soboli z kunami leśnymi. Mieszańce takie noszą nazwę „kidusów”. Sobole mają smukłą i wydłużoną budowę ciała, typową dla większości łasicowatych. W porównaniu z kunami mają nieco bardziej wydłużoną głowę, dłuższe uszy, ale krótszy ogon. Długość tułowia tych zwierząt waha się od 38 do 58 cm, a masa ciała od 1 do 2 kg. Jak u większości łasicowatych, występuje u nich dymorfizm płciowy, samce są nieco większe i cięższe. Liczba chromosomów u tego gatunku wynosi 2n = 38. Ubarwienie okrywy włosowej soboli jest bardzo zmienne. W zależności od obszaru występowania i podgatunku zwierzęta te przyjmują barwę od jasnobrązowej przez ciemny brąz aż do głębokiej czerni. Na podgardlu soboli występuje nieregularna jaśniejsza plama, od jasnożółtej do pomarańczowej. Osobniki ciemno zabarwione są często pozbawione tej cechy. Wyodrębnia się kilkanaście podgatunków soboli różniących się barwą i jakością okrywy włosowej. Za najcenniejsze uważa się czarne sobole barguzińskie. Okrywa włosowa tych zwierząt jest bardzo gęsta – od 14 do 28 tys. włosów/cm2, jedwabista, miękka i puszysta...
Parasitological contamination of mussels and oysters
Authors: RÓŻYCKI MIROSŁAW , SROKA JACEK , CHMURZYŃSKA EWA , BILSKA–ZAJĄC EWA , ZDYBEL JOLANTA , ANTOLAK EWELINA , PRÓCHNIAK MAREK , CENCEK TOMASZ
Published: December 2017

The literature on human mussel-borne protozoan and helminthic infections is widely dispersed in epidemiological and parasitological journals. This review is focused on humans as hosts for protozoan, trematode and nematode parasites associated with consumption of mussels. These infections are caused mainly by protozoans transferred as cysts and oocysts or trematodes transferred as cercariae or metacercariae. The main scope of the article covers the following genera: Cryptosporidium, Giardia, Toxoplasma, microsporidia, and Fasciola. Foods regarded until recently as quite exotic are currently becoming increasingly available to consumers. To avoid certain parasitic infections, consumers need to know the risk factors associated with consumption of popular sea foods, such as mussels. The article contains information that may be useful to persons with compromised immune response....
Kísérlet a lemorzsolódás mértékének és okainak megragadására a Debreceni Egyetem Gazdaságtudományi Kar példáján
Authors: Fenyves Veronika , Bácsné Bába Éva , Szabóné Szőke Réka , Kocsis Imre , Juhász Csaba , Máté Endre , Pusztai Gabriella
Published: December 2017

Évente több, mint százezren jelentkeznek, s bő nyolcvanezren jutnak be a hazai felsőoktatási intézményekbe, azonban a diplomáját nem mindenki kapja meg a várható időben, sőt, sokan vannak, akik egyáltalán nem szereznek diplomát. Az Oktatási Hivatal statisztikái alapján felállítható egy rangsor, hogy mely szakokon mekkora a sikeresen végzők és a lemorzsolódók aránya. Az informatikai képzésekben a hallgatók harmada nem fejezi be időben a képzést, s csak minden második kap diplomát. A pedagógus- és a művészeti képzésekből viszont mindössze a hallgatók negyede esik ki. Sok oka lehet annak, hogy egy hallgató nem fejezi be elkezdett tanulmányait, lehet az financiális, képességbeli, magánéleti, de a motivációs tényezőknek is szerepe lehet. Vitathatatlanul fontos cél a lemorzsolódás csökkentése, több értelmezés és beavatkozási koncepció született ennek megoldására, ugyanis a lemorzsolódási arány majdnem kétszerese annak, amin túl már komoly problémának számít a jelenség. Jelen tanulmány célja hozzájárulni a hallgatói lemorzsolódás jelenségének értelmezéséhez, illetve a lemorzsolódás hátterében meghúzódó okok vizsgálatához a Debreceni Egyetem Gazdaságtudományi Kar hallgatói létszámadataira támaszkodva.
Tanuló pedagógusok és az iskola szakmai tőkéje
Authors: Nagy Krisztina
Published: December 2017

Vámos Ágnes (2016, szerk.): Tanuló pedagógusok és az iskola szakmai tőkéje. ELTE Eötvös Kiadó. Budapest.
Tanuló pedagógusok és az iskola szakmai tőkéje
Authors: Zsebőné Nagy Szilvia
Published: December 2017

Vámos Ágnes (2016, szerk.): Tanuló pedagógusok és az iskola szakmai tőkéje. ELTE Eötvös Kiadó. Budapest.
Koragyermekkor- és családtörténet új köntösben
Authors: Endrődy-Nagy Orsolya
Published: December 2017

Aggné Pirka Veronika, Mikonya György, Mészárosné Darvay Sarolta és Szarka Emese (2014): Kora gyermekkori nevelés – és családtörténet. ELTE TÓK. Budapest.
State-of-the-art MR Imaging of Fat-containing Focal Lesions of the Liver
Authors: Podgorska Joanna , Anysz-Grodzicka Agnieszka , Cieszanowski Andrzej
Published: December 2017

Background:

Fat can be identified in numerous liver lesions, and usually is not a specific finding. Distinguishing between different kinds of fatty deposits is an important part of differential diagnosis. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is superior to other imaging techniques because it allows distinguishing intracellular from macroscopic fat.

Discussion:

Intracellular lipid may be found in focal hepatic steatosis, hepatic adenoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and, less commonly, in focal nodular hyperplasia as well as regenerative and dysplastic nodules. Macroscopic fat is seen in angiomyolipoma, lipoma, metastases from fatcontaining neoplasms, primary or metastatic liposarcoma, hydatid cyst, pseudolipoma of the Glisson capsule, pericaval fat collection, lipopeliosis, hepatic teratoma, focal hepatic extramedullary haematopoiesis and adrenal rest tumour.

Conclusion:

Liver nodules should be characterised with regard to underlying liver condition, MRI characteristics and contrast enhancement pattern, including hepatobiliary phase. In many cases, identification of fatty content may help narrowing the differential diagnosis.
Potential of TePdO Media for Future Archival Storage Applications
Authors: Wang Lei , Lu Shu-Ren , Wen Jing
Published: December 2017

Background:

Electrical probe memory using chalcogenide alloy has recently become the
research focus due to its potential for the future archival storage.

Objective:

In spite of its extraordinary electro-thermal characteristics, the stability of the chalcogenide
alloy remains questionable because of the well-known resistance drift effect.

Method:

Therefore, we here investigated the possibility of using TePdO media that was previously
implemented for Blu-Ray disc as an alternative material for electrical probe memory application.

Result:

A parametric approach was first deployed to find out the appropriate deposition conditions to
optimize the TePdO resistivity around 100 ohm·cm. Subsequently the thickness of the TePdO film
was optimized in terms of the amorphous resistivity, stability and threshold voltage.

Conclusion:

Finally, the write and readout performances of the electrical probe memory were reevaluated
with the use of TePdO film with respect to the proposed optimized parameters.
Microemulsions as Platforms for Transdermal Delivery of Hydrophilic Drugs - A Review
Authors: Siqueira Leite Claudia Batista , Coelho Janaina Moreira , Muehlmann Luis Alexandre , Azevedo Ricardo Bentes , Sousa Marcelo Henrique
Published: December 2017

Background:

Delivery rates in cutaneous applications are limited by the skin barrier and
also by the physical-chemical properties of the drug in the formulation. A lipophilic drug has more
affinity, and can permeate the epidermis more easily than a hydrophilic drug. The potential use of
nano-sized dispersions as distribution systems for hydrophilic drugs is being investigated.

Objective:

To analyze the literature with regard to the development of microemulsions (ME) for
transdermal delivery of hydrophilic drugs, with a view to identifying strategies to increase the permeation
of these drugs.

Results:

One hundred and eleven articles were potentially relevant to the combination of search criteria.
After excluding duplicated articles, the abstracts of 83 articles were read. Of these, 73 did not
meet the inclusion criteria. To complete the review process, the whole text of 10 articles was evaluated.

Conclusion:

The main factors that positively influenced the permeation of hydrophilic drugs were
low hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) values of the surfactant; concentrations of about 40% of
surfactants and 30% of aqueous phase for the water-in-oil (W/O) systems; the addition of permeation
promoters to the systems; and the association of physical methods during the application of the ME.
The results offered support for the development of new topical microemulsions for hydrophilic drug
delivery.
Effect of Extra Virgin Olive Oil and Table Olives on the ImmuneInflammatory Responses: Potential Clinical Applications
Authors: Gambino Caterina M. , Accardi Giulia , Aiello Anna , Candore Giuseppina , Dara-Guccione Giovanni , Mirisola Mario , Procopio Antonio , Taormina Giusi , Caruso Calogero
Published: December 2017

Background and Objective:

Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is the common element among
the Mediterranean countries. It can be considered a nutraceutical and functional food, thanks to its
bioactive compounds. It can act and modulate different processes linked to ageing and age-related
diseases related to a common chronic low grade inflammation. Depending on the cultivar, the growth
conditions, the period of harvesting, the productive process and time of product storage, EVOO could
contain different amount of vegetal components. Of course, the same is for table olives.

Methods:

The aim of our review is to summarize the effects of EVOO and table olives on the immunemediated
inflammatory response, focusing our attention on human studies.

Results:

Our report highlights the effect of specific molecules obtained from EVOO on the modulation
of specific cytokines and anti-oxidants suggesting the importance of the daily consumption of both
EVOO and table olives in the context of a Mediterranean dietary pattern. In addition, the different action
on immune-inflammatory biomarkers, are depending on the olive tree cultivar.

Conclusion:

Thanks to their bioactive compounds, EVOO and table olive can be considered as nutraceutical
and functional foods. The beneficial effects analysed in this review will help to understand
the potential application of specific olive components as therapeutic adjuvant, supplements or drugs.
The Protective Effects of Extra Virgin Olive Oil on Immune-mediated Inflammatory Responses
Authors: Casas Rosa , Estruch Ramon , Sacanella Emilio
Published: December 2017

Background and Objective:

The increasing interest in the Mediterranean diet (MeDiet)
hinges on the relevant role it plays in inflammatory diseases. Several clinical, epidemiological and
experimental evidences suggest that consumption of the MeDiet reduces the incidence of certain pathologies
related to oxidative stress, chronic inflammation and immune system diseases such as cancer,
atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). These reductions can be partially attributed to extra
virgin olive oil (EVOO) consumption which has been described as a key bioactive food because of its
high nutritional quality and its particular composition of fatty acids, vitamins and polyphenols. Indeed,
the beneficial effects of EVOO have been linked to its fatty acid composition, which is very rich in
monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and has moderate saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids
(PUFA). The current knowledge available on the beneficial effects of EVOO and its phenolic compounds,
specifically its biological properties and antioxidant capacity against immune-mediated inflammatory
responses (atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, obesity, cancer, inflammatory
bowel disease or neurodegenerative disease, among others) in addition to its potential clinical applications.

Conclusion:

The increasing body of studies carried out provides compelling evidence that olive polyphenols
are potential candidates to combat chronic inflammatory states.
Do Cannabinoids Confer Neuroprotection Against Epilepsy? An Overview
Authors: Capasso Anna
Published: December 2017

Objective:

Cannabinoid-based medications provide not only relief for specific symptoms, but also arrest or delay of disease progression in patients with pain, multiple sclerosis, and other conditions. Although they also seem to hold potential as anticonvulsant agents, evidence of their efficacy in epilepsy is supported by several evidences.

Method:

The data reviewed herein lend support to the notion that the endocannabinoid signalling system plays a key modulation role in the activities subserved by the hippocampus, which is directly or indirectly affected in epilepsy patients.

Conclusion:

The notion is supported by a variety of anatomical, electrophysiological, biochemical and pharmacological findings. These data suggest the need for developing novel treatments using compounds that selectively target individual elements of the endocannabinoid signalling system.
Penerapan Modul Inventor dengan Pendekatan CTL untuk Meningkatkan Kompetensi Siswa pada Mata Diklat CAD
Authors: Ramadhani Muhammad Syari’ati , Ngadiyono Yatin
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine an applicable framework of CTL learning approaches and improving the competence of students using module as media. This research is a class action research comprising of three cycles. Subjects of this study were students of class XI machining TP 1 at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Bantul, with 26 students as respondents. The result of this study is a learning framework for CAD with CTL approach. The sequence of this framework are: directing the use of the module and the materials selection, the formation of discussion groups based on students’ computer skills, providing motivation and samples of CAD drawings used in the industry, providing drawing jobs that challenge students' knowledge, doing the drawing exercise within the group using the module as a knowledge source, groups discussion to find solutions to the problems, debriefing and reflection, and finally implementing an authentic assessment. Students’ competence has increased from the average value of 62.16 and 0% passed the test in the first cycle, to 82.69 and 84.62% passed in the second cycle, and to 80.68 with 100% passed in the last cycle.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kerangka pendekatan pembelajaran CTL yang dapat diterapkan dan peningkatan kompetensi siswa dengan media modul. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang terdiri dari tiga siklus. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah siswa pemesinan kelas XI TP 1 SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Bantul dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 26 siswa. Hasil penelitian menghasilkan kerangka pembelajaran CAD dengan pendekatan CTL dengan urutan pertama pengarahan penggunaan modul dan penentuan materi, pembentukan kelompok diskusi sesuai dengan keahlian siswa, memberikan motivasi dan contoh pekerjaan CAD di industri, pemberian soal yang menantang pengetahuan siswa, mengerjakan latihan bersama kelompok dengan sumber pengetahuan dari modul, diskusi kelompok untuk menemukan solusi masalah, tanya jawab dan refleksi, dan terakhir melaksanakan penilaian autentik. Kompetensi siswa mengalami peningkatan rata-rata nilai dari siklus pertama 62.16 kelulusan 0% ke siklus dua menjadi 82.69 kelulusan 84.62% kemudian siklus terakhir menjadi 80.68 kelulusan 100%.
Implementasi Penilaian Autentik Kurikulum 2013 pada Rapor Online di SMK Negeri 6 Malang
Authors: Sudiyanto Galih , Sutadji Eddy , Rudiyanto Eddy
Published: December 2017

One factor that is considered difficult to implement by teacher in the 2013 Curriculum is authentic assessment. However, this can be overcome with an online report that was initiated by Dispendik for all schools in the city of Surabaya. The study aims to see the implementation of authentic assessment in the 2013 Curriculum at a school that have implemented online report in Malang, namely SMK Negeri 6 Malang. The method used was a case study using questionnaires, interviews and documentation. The validity of research findings was examined using data triangulation technique. The respondents were productive teachers who teach automotive skills in the same class so that there is a correlation between the data obtained from the teachers and the students. The result shows that the implementation of authentic assessment in the 2013 Curriculum at SMK Negeri 6 Malang is in good category and teachers were greatly assisted by the online report.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Salah satu faktor yang sulit untuk dilaksanakan oleh guru dalam Kurikulum 2013 adalah penilaian autentik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat penerapan penilaian autentik Kurikulum 2013 pada sekolah yang sudah menerapkan rapor online di Kota Malang. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus yang dilaksanakan di SMK Negeri 6 Malang. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen angket, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Pengecekan keabsahan temuan penelitian menggunakan teknik trianggulasi data. Responden adalah guru produktif keahlian Otomotif yang mengajar pada kelas yang sama sehingga ada korelasi antara data yang didapat dari guru dan siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Pemahaman guru SMK Negeri 6 Malang terhadap penilaian autentik Kurikulum 2013 sangat baik sebesar 90%, (2) Pelaksanaan penilaian autentik Kurikulum 2013 oleh guru SMK Negeri 6 Malang sudah baik sebesar 70, (3) Manajemen rapor online oleh  Tim  IT  sudah  baik  dalam  memudahkan  pelaksanakan penilaian autentik Kurikulum 2013 di SMK Negeri 6 Malang sebesar 80%.
Analisis Kualitas Geometris Hasil Praktik Pemesinan Bubut Siswa SMK Jurusan Teknik Pemesinan
Authors: Utomo Puji Dwi , Sukardi Thomas , Munadi Sudji
Published: December 2017

This study aims to determine the geometric quality of lathe machining product and what causes the low geometric quality of the lathe machining practices. This research is a descriptive study using a quantitative approach. Data were obtained by documentation and direct observation of the studied object, and then were processed using descriptive statistical analysis. Results show that the average value of the geometric quality of lathe machining products was relatively low, amounted to 67.14. The aspects that caused deficiencies and low geometric quality are, among others, incorrect spindle speed, incorrect feeds, incorrect depth of cuts, improper use of measuring tools, and lack of awareness ofthe Occupational Safety and Health equipment.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas geometris produk hasil praktik pemesinan bubut dan penyebab rendahnya kualitas geometris hasil praktik pemesinan bubut. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Data penelitian diperoleh dengan menggunakan dokumentasi dan pengamatan langsung pada obyek yang diteliti kemudian diolah menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata – rata nilai kualitas geometris hasil praktik pemesinan bubut siswa tergolong rendah yakni sebesar 67,14 serta aspek-aspek yang menjadi penyebab kekurangan dan kelemahan kualitas geometris diantaranya meliputi, kesalahan dalam menentukan putaran mesin, kesalahan dalam menentukan kecepatan gerak pemakanan, tidak tepatnya pengaturan kedalaman pemakanan, kesalahan dalam menggunakan alat ukur serta kurangnya kesadaran akan pentingnya penggunaan perlengkapan K3.
The Other Dimension of Caring Thinking (with a new commentary by Phillip Cam)
Authors: Sharp Ann Margaret
Published: December 2017

Life comes from physical or biological survival. But the good life comes from what we care about, what we value, what we think truly important, as distinguished from what we think merely trivial. What we care about is the source of the criteria we use to evaluate ideas, ideals, persons, events, things, and their importance in our lives. And it is these criteria that determine the judgments we make in our everyday lives. In the second edition of Thinking in Education, Matthew Lipman (2002) has indicated the importance of fostering critical, creative and caring thinking in children, if one is to prepare them to make better judgments and live qualitatively better lives. He tells us that caring thinking is appreciative thinking, active thinking, normative thinking, affective thinking and empathetic thinking and then goes on to list a number of mental acts under each of these categories. Maybe it is because ‘caring thinking’ is not as common a term as ‘critical thinking’ and ‘creative thinking’ in everyday educational language that we stop for pause when we hear it. However when we read what Lipman says about caring thinking, we find ourselves nodding and saying to ourselves, ‘Yes, that makes sense. To think caringly means to think ethically, affectively, normatively, appreciatively and to actively participate in society with a concern for the common good’ (Lipman 2002, p. 271). In a real sense what we care about is manifest in how we perform, participate, build, contribute and how we relate to others. It is thinking that reveals our ideals as well as what we think is valuable, what we are willing to fight and suffer for.
Fact, Value and Philosophy Education
Authors: Cam Philip
Published: December 2017

In Fact, value and philosophy education I tried to show how philosophy can help to overcome the fact-value divide that continues to plague education. In attempting this, I applied John Dewey’s suggestion that philosophy may help to integrate beliefs about matters of fact with values in society at large, to the curricular division between subjects that deal with knowledge of matters of fact and those that are largely devoted to subjective understanding and personal expression. The paper centres on the claim that philosophical dialogue about what we should believe and value can help to effect a mutual adjustment between our reason and our sentiments and bring us to think as whole human beings. It argues the case by first looking at the use of reflective practical reason to effect a change in our desires and conduct when we deem them to be undesirable. The use of reason to provide us with courses of action and other practical remedies to deal with what we see as defects in our character suggests that our cognitive and affective powers are capable of working together through mutual adjustment. By extension, I argue that reason can help us to examine the moral dimension of problems and issues in various areas of study, while making our understanding of them responsive to our feelings. The introduction of an educational means to give effect to this mutual adjustment brings us back to the role of philosophy. Philosophy provides the opportunity for reasoned dialogue that brings the factual material that students encounter into connection with what they are learning to value. It brings a normative cast to the study of history, society, literature, art, science and technology and enables the knowledge that students gain through their studies to be applied to matters of value. In general, it brings moral sensitivity to all kinds of subject matter and enables students to apply their knowledge and intelligence to the formation of values. In the years since I wrote this piece, I had the privilege to assist with the initial draft of documents on ethical understanding as a general competence in the Australian national curriculum and of constructing and implementing a pilot program for ethical inquiry in New South Wales primary schools, which led to ethics becoming an option for students who do not attend religious instruction. In different ways, both experiences brought home to me the importance of incorporating considerations of value throughout the curriculum and the value of philosophical inquiry as a means of doing so. Reflection on these experiences resulted in my book Teaching Ethics in Schools (ACER Press 2010).
Practicing philosophy of childhood: Teaching in the (r)evolutionary mode
Authors: Kennedy David
Published: December 2017

This article explores the necessary requirements for effective teacher facilitation of community of philosophical inquiry sessions among children, and suggests that the first and most important prerequisite is the capacity to listen to children, which in turn is based on a critical and reflective interrogation of one’s own philosophy of childhood (POC)—the set of beliefs and assumptions about children and childhood which adults tend to project onto real children. It argues that the most effective way to explore these assumptions is in community of philosophical inquiry (CPI), where we encounter the same concepts—nature, person, good and evil, innocence, etc.—which underlie more general philosophical inquiry. It then describes the work of the American educator Patricia Carini, who developed the Descriptive Review Process as a phenomenological approach to understanding the children with whom one is in relation, and identifies the Descriptive Review Process as another form of the practice of philosophy of childhood which, together with the regular practice of POC-CPI among teachers, offers us a grounded, integrated methodology for schools dedicated to adult-child dialogue and to school as a site for cultural reconstruction.
Socrates in the schools from Scotland to Texas: Replicating a study on the effects of a Philosophy for Children program
Authors: Fair Frank , Haas Lory E , Gardosik Carol , Johnson Daphne D , Price Debra P , Leipnik Olena
Published: December 2017

In this article we report the findings of a randomised control clinical trial that assessed the impact of a Philosophy for Children program and replicated a previous study conducted in Scotland by Topping and Trickey. A Cognitive Abilities Test (CAT in the UK or CogAT in the USA) was administered as a pretest and a posttest to randomly selected experimental groups (N = 363, 186 seventh graders + 177 eighth graders) and control groups (N = 177, 79 seventh graders + 98 eighth graders). The students in the experimental group engaged in philosophy lessons in a setting of structured, collaborative inquiry in their language arts classes for one hour per week for a number of weeks. The control group received the standard language arts curriculum in that one hour. The study found that the seventh grade students who had experienced the P4C program showed significant gains relative to those in the seventh grade control group at a high level of statistical significance, but the eighth grade students in the experimental group did not show such gains over the eighth grade control group. It was discovered that the seventh grade teachers started the program early in the school year and continued it for a period of 22 to 26 weeks, while the eighth grade teachers started much later and used the program for only 4 to 10 weeks. Our findings suggest that the P4C program must involve students in activities for a significant period of time before the program shows results, but that a meaningful impact on students’ cognitive abilities can be achieved in about 24 weeks of lessons, less than half the time evidenced by the study by Topping and Trickey.