bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
تحليل جغرافي سياسي للقوة الناعمة الامريكية الصينية وانعكاسها على الخريطة السياسية العالمية
Authors: Aswad Salem Naseef Jasim
Published: December 2022

يعد الموقع الجغرافي الاستراتيجي أحد أهم العوامل التي ساعدت على تنامي القوة الناعمة وتطورها في ادارة الازمات بشكل معنوي من أجل تحقيق الاهداف التكتيكية المطلوبة في تلك المواقع الاستراتيجية من العالم ، زد على ذلك فإن العمل على تطور العلاقات الدولية وإبراز قوى عالمية هادفة للبحث على بسط النفوذ واستدراك موازين القوى وفق اساليب تقليدية وحديثة للقوة ومنها القوة الناعمة في اظهار السيطرة والاستحواذ على المناطق ذات الحاسة المكانية والسياسية من العالم والعمل على رسم خريطة سياسية جديدة تتماشى مع الاهداف الاستراتيجية لتلك القوى بمنظور جغرافي ، وهذه الاساليب دفعت بالمكانة الجيوسياسية لتنمية الحراك والتعامل السياسي والاقتصادي لدى السياسة الخارجية الأمريكية ، وعلى جملة من الأدوات في الضغط على بلدان العالم عند ممارستها لتلك السياسة في سبيل تحقيقها لأهداف معينة ، وعلى الرغم من قدرة الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية بالتعامل بأسلوب الأمر والإرغام وبشكل المباشر ، إلا أنها تحتاج إلـــــــى ما يدعى بـالقوة الناعمة في عملية الاجتذاب والكسب بدون إحداث خسائر مادية وبشرية عليها، ووفقا لذلك فقد ازدادت الحاجة لما يدعى بـالقوة الناعمة ، كما تأتي اهميتها من قوتها في ادارة ملف السياسة الخارجية لها والذي اعطها أهمية كبيرة ومن الجوانب الإقليمية والدولية كونها تتميز بخصائص جيوسياسية واستراتيجية ، اذ ينطبق الحال على الاستراتيجية الصينية وفق سياساتها الخارجية التي تبنى على مبدأ الاتفاقيات الاقتصادية ذات الاهداف التكتيكية المطلوبة في رسم الخريطة السياسية العالمية ، وذلك ما يثير مسألة طبيعة اتجاه الشرق الأوسط ومن ثم انعكس ذلك على مستقبل العلاقة في ضوء التغيرات الإقليمية والدولية وفق منظور الجغرافية السياسية.
قلق البطالة وعلاقته بالتصورات المستقبلية لدى طلبة الدراسات العليا (غير الموظفين)
Authors: Yaseen Aljumili Saber Taha
Published: December 2022

من اهداف البحث التعرف على مستوى قلق البطالة  عند كلا الجنسين من طلبة الدراسات العليا(غير الموظفين) وكذلك التصورات المستقبلية ومعرفة طبيعة العلاقة الارتباطية بين قلق البطالة والتصورات المستقبلية، تكونت عينة البحث من (150) طالبا وطالبة من كليات جامعة الموصل التي بلغ حجم مجتمعها (414)  ودلت النتائج على شعور الطلبة بقلق بطالة عال من كلا الجنسين استدل عليها الباحث من خلال بناء مقياس لقلق البطالة تكون من(20) فقرة خضع للخصائص السايكومترية وامتاز بصدق وثبات عاليين كما ان فقرات المقياس كانت مميزة ، كما دلت النتائج الى ان تصورات الطلبة المستقبلية تتصف بالسلبية والتشاؤم بعد ان طبق الباحث مقياس قام ببنائه تكون من ( 40) فقرة وتميز بصدق عال وكذلك الثبات وكانت فقرت المقياس مميزة، كما اظهرت النتائج وجود علاقة ارتباطية بين قلق البطالة والتصورات المستقبلية، كما تبين ان قلق البطالة يسهم بتكوين اقطاب التصورات المستقبلية.
A Cognitive Poetic Schema Interpretation of Selected Poems by EFL University Students
Authors: Majeed AL-Nasiry Nahida Taha , ALSaadi Shatha Kathim
Published: December 2022

College students have problems in studying literature in general and poetry in particular. They depend fully on the lectures of their instructors and the internet notes and Wikipedia sources that are widely spread via internet.

 Hence, the present study is an unprecedented one that seeks to find some solutions to this problem that faced both the instructors and the students. Its aims are as follows:

identifying the cognitive poetic schema (henceforth, CPS) used in the interpretation of the poems involved in the study ;

finding whether there are any differences among the three selected poems in students' CPS;

Finding whether there are any differences among the four levels of the college students in the six components of the CPS rubric.

To fulfill the aims of the study, the following procedures are carried out: first, a thorough and comprehensive survey of old and modern related literature to both fields of study, schema and cognitive poetics. Second, a model of CPS management is pinpointed and adopted from Stockwell’s well-known book Cognitive Poetics (2002). Third, three poems are selected from the poems of Liverpool poets by a jury of experts. Fourth, questions and their rubric are exposed to a jury of specialists. Fifth, a pilot study and later a final application of the test to the four levels of college students at the Department of English, College of Education for Women, are carried out.

Results show that there are significant differences among college students in the four levels of the college. In the light of these findings, the study ended with some conclusions and recommendations.
The Tone of Female Characters in William Shakespeare's As You Like It
Authors: Mahmood Wafa Salim
Published: December 2022

Studying English literature is insufficient without shedding light on the works of William Shakespeare (1564- 1616). His plays in particular, are rich of significant ideas that give inspiration, controversy and debate for both spectators and critics despite the fact that female characters in Shakespearean plays have less conversation than the male characters. Nevertheless;  when they speak, the spectators feel that they seem as they were the  backbone of the plays. Their roles are pivotal in the plays and in the development of the plot and undoubtedly, their words and their speeches reflect the mind of the male counterparts. In this respect, the present research is focused on the tone of female characters in Shakespeare’s comedy As you Like it in the light of two points. The first is the focus on how Shakespeare used tone differently for his male and female characters and the other is in what extent the tone is leveled in comedy plays. The aim of the present research is to examine, to understand and to characterize the tone in the boundaries of the context depending on Renaissance period.
Appearance of Chance Coincidence in Attenuation Measurements Carried out by using Coincidence Technique
Authors: Mahmoud A. Elawi  , Rasha W. Klaib  , Khalid H. Mehdi
Published: December 2022

The appearance of chance coincidence in attenuation measurements using coincidence technique is investigated. A two 3"*3" NaI(Tl) detector coincidence spectrometer with 0.5 μ Ci Na-22 source were used. Two different materials with different forms, namely mixed metallic powders and Fe-sheets are used. The ratio of chance counts to total real coincidences in annihilation peak had ranged between (0.007-0.013) and (0.011-0.036) for the different thicknesses of the two materials mentioned respectively. The coincidence linear attenuation coefficients due to the chance coincidence at 1274keV were 0.1 and 0.38 cm-1 for the two materials assuring the proportionality with energy. When the chance coincidence counts were treated as being "lost" from real coincidences and added again to the latter, no change were observed in attenuation coefficient at annihilation peak from that calculated before taking accidental counts into consideration.
Concentrations of lead in the dust of some fuel stations in Salah al-Din Governorate
Authors: Salih Ahmed Al-Aqidi  , Hamid Salman Al-Mahdawi
Published: December 2022

This study was carried out in the city of Tikrit and its environs, where environmental pollution with lead was studied in some governmental fuel stations in Salah al-Din Governorate, where cars often gather for refueling, resulting in vehicle exhausts varying proportions of the pollutants emitted from them, including the element lead.
The study was divided to include five sites, four gas stations and a fifth group for control, which are: the old Tikrit gas station, Fateh al-Futuh fuel station (al-Qadisiyah station), al-Dour gas station and the martyr Umayya Jibara station (al-Alam station), and the fifth site (the control site) In the Naamah area outside the preservation center on the roads leading to the Kirkuk governorate, which is approximately 40 km away from the research project stations.
The text of the research is to take samples from the dust scattered on the floor of these stations and the control group for a period of six months with a sample per month, from November 2019 to April 2020.
The results the study were determined by measuring the concentrations of lead present in the dust belonging to these stations by means of a Flame Atomic Spectrometer.
The results showed that there were significant differences between the stations and the control group, so the results recorded the highest concentration of lead in dust for the average of the stations during the six months (0.1543 ±0.01112 mg/L) in the Al-Dour governmental fuel station, and the lowest concentration (0.0831 ± 0.0708 mg / L) in the Fath Al Futuh station.
 (Al-Qadisiyah station), while the concentration of the control group was (0.0387 ±0.0316 mg/L). The reason for the high results of these measurements on the control group may be attributed to the high traffic movement of cars, the lack of vegetation and the frequency of dust storms that the study area is exposed to from time to time, in addition to other industrial activities in the area under study.
The Response of the Broad bean crop (Vicia faba L.) to phosphate and potassium fertilization and their Effect on the growth and yield characteristics
Authors: Enas Esmail Mohammed Esmail
Published: December 2022

The study for this research was carried out in Al-Alam district - Salah El-Din Governorate to study the effect of phosphate and potassium fertilizers on the growth and yield of (local) beans for the winter agricultural season 2019-2020. The experiment was implemented according to a R.CBD Randomized Complete Block Design with split plot system, using four phosphate levels (0, 65, 80 and 100 kg P.      h-1) and four levels of potassium (0, 75, 90 and 105 kg K. h-1). The best significant superiority was recorded at the level of 100 kg P. h-1, an interference with 105 kg K. h-1 in most traits, as it was recorded (98.60 cm) for plant height, (58.92%) for chlorophyll, (11.85 pods. Plant -1) for the number of pods, (190.33 g) For the weight of 100 seeds, (3.50 tons. h-1) the seeds yield and (29.31%) for protein. As for the number of branches and the dry weight of the shoots, the level of 100 kg P. h-1 by an interference with 90 kg, K. h-1, the highest average was (10.76 branches. Plant-1 and 14.64 g) respectively. We conclude from this study that the best interaction combination is between the levels of 100 kg P h-1 and 105 kg K. h-1 in most of the studied traits. The aim of this study is to determine the best fertilizer level of phosphate and potassium to improve the growth and yield traits of the beans plants and the extent to which the crop benefits from this addition.
Use some plant oils, and organic nicotinic pesticides and bio-bacterial formulation (Thurcide) and its integration in control corn stem borer Sesamia cretica Led. (Lepidoptera:Phalaenidae) on maiz .
Authors: Othman Hussein Ali Al-Refi´i  , Safaa Zakaria Baker
Published: December 2022

The results of evaluation of plant oils (neem oil, colocynth oil and castor oil) Actara, crusier bactericide and B. thuringiensis var kurstaki showed their compatibility with the phases of the field insect after three months of treatment where one (neem oil+ bacteria B. thuringiesis + crusier) of these treatments proved its success with less ratios of infection in the plants of Sesamia cretica Led reached 8.89%. The treatments with (colocynth oil+ bacteria B. thuringiesis + crusier) and (watering Actara + crusier) achieved a ratio of infection reached 13.22%, and 23.33% respectively comparing with the control treatment where the ratio of infection reached 94.50%.
The less ratios of infection of corncobs in treatments (crusier + spraying Actara), (crusier + watering Acvtara), (neem oil + thurcide + crusier), and (castor oil + thurcide + crusier) reached 14.85%, 19.80%, 19.60%, and 19.90% respectively. These ratios have not differed incorporeally comparing with control treatment where the infection reached 54.61%.
The results showed that all the treatments have increased the weight of the one corncob in comparison with the control treatment. The high weight of one corncob achieved in the treatments (castor oil + thurcide + crusier) and (neem oil + thurcide + crusier) which reached 134.4 g. and 133.13 g. respectively. The treatment (watering Actara + crusier) where the weight of the one corncob reached 129.52 g. in comparing with the control treatment where the weight of one corncob reached 96.04 g.
Effects of adenosine and dipyridamole on serum levels of some biochemical markers in rabbits: Running title: Biochemical effects of adenosine and dipyridamole
Authors: Taghreed Hazem Saber Alfakje  , Ali Ashgar Abed AL_Mteewati  , Faehaa A. Al-Mashhadane
Published: December 2022

Adenosine is a nucleoside which occurs naturally in a diverse forms in all cells of the body and in most biological fluids. Under basal conditions, the extracellular adenosine concentration is maintained within certain limits. Dipyridamol inhibits adenosine reuptake by erythrocytes, endothelial cells and platelet increasing plasma levels of adenosine Aims: study the effects of adenosine and dipyridamole on serum levels of serum urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase(ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Aspartate Aminotransferase (GOT), and Alanine Aminotransferase (GPT). Material and methods: Thirty-five male rabbits were included in the study. The animals were divided into 3 groups: Group one(5 animals): injected intraperitoneal  (i.p) with 2 ml of distilled water/day (control group). Group two (15 animals): were treated by i.p  injection of adenosine, they were divided into 3 sub groups (5 animals) according to adenosine dose:1 mg/kg, 2mg/kg and 4 mg/kg.Group 3 (15 animals):  were treated by dipyridamole orally, they were divided into 3 sub-groups (5 animals) according to dipyridamole dose:4 mg/kg, 8 mg/kg and 12 mg/kg. Result: Significant differences among 3 groups were found in blood urea, LDH, GOT levels, and in GPT levels.  While statistical analysis of serum levels of S. creatinine and ALP showed no significant differences among 3 study groups. Conclusion: both adenosine, dipyridamole cause Significant differences among 3 groups were found in blood urea, LDH, GOT levels, and in GPT levels in rabbit
A Simulation Study of Some Restricted Estimators in Restricted Linear Regression Model
Authors: Bader Aboud Mohammad  , Mustafa Ismaeel Naif
Published: December 2022

When the multicollinearity exists in linear regression model, the result of the Restricted Least Square estimator (RLS) is unstable. So that, more researchers proposed the restricted biased estimators to improve the efficiency of RLS estimator. In this paper, Some of biased restricted estimators have been introduced to study the performance of them. The simulation study has been given to compare these estimators. According to simulation study, we found that, the shrinkage restricted ridge regression (SRRE) estimator which proposed by Baber and Mustafa [1], has good properties comparing with other restricted estimators that given in this study. A Numerical example has been considered to illustrate the performance of these estimators
To the morphophysiological co-evolution of the broomrape (Orobanche cumana) and sunflower
Authors:   V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Antonova T.S. , Araslanova N.M. ,   V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Iwebor M.V. ,   V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Saukova S.V. ,   V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops
Published: December 2022

The accelerated morphofunctional variability of Orobanche cumana, a flowering parasitic plant of the family Orobanchaceae, can be traced to the influence of anthropogenic factors. This broomrape species is an obligate parasite of sunflower. Continuous breeding of the crop for immunity to broomrape has been conducted in the Russian Federation for more than 100 years. In the last 30 years, the accelerated return of sunflower in crop rotation to the previous field in 1-3 years (instead of the scientifically justified 8–10 years) resulted in the rapid emergence of new races of broomrape and contamination of fields with its seeds, which provided intense competition between individuals for the nutrition received from the host plant. Under these conditions, interrow cultivation in sunflower sowings infested by the broomrape contributed to permanent injury of developing stems of many individuals of the parasite, which led to the removal of apical dominance of one shoot in some species of the broomrape. There have appeared the bushy forms with equal development of many shoots from a tubercle, which were detected for the first time by us. Strengthening of the haustorial part of the parasitic plant, externally manifested as thickening of the host plant root under the tubercle, was required for feeding the multiple shoots. Such thickening is not a defensive reaction of the host plant but is caused by changes in the haustorial area of the parasite and is observed when sunflower roots are affected by species of the race G of O. cumana that became widely spread and dominant during the last decade. Thus, in the co-evolution of the parasitic plant and its host, we first discovered bushy forms of O. cumana and their characteristic change in the haustorial zone, which is externally manifested by the visible thickening of the sunflower root in this area.
Variability of reproductive traits in sunflower genotypes with different content of fatty acids and tocopherols in seeds
Authors:   V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Demurin Ya. N. , Rubanova O.A. ,   V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Chebanova Yu.V. ,   V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Zemtseva T.A. ,   V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Epishkina A.V. ,   V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops
Published: December 2022

The aim of the work was to study the reproductive characteristics of sunflower genotypes with altered composition of fatty acids and tocopherols in seeds. Studies were conducted in 2017, 2020 and 2022 at the VNIIMK, Krasnodar. The material was a high oleic hybrid of sunflower Oxy with a modified composition of tocopherols, as well as its maternal VK 876 and male VK 195 parent lines. Moreover 19 samples of the genetic collection were studied. The assessment of bee attendance showed significant hereditary variability from 98 to 0.5 bee/plant/hour. The Oxy confirmed a low level of bee attendance, on average, 14 bee/plant/hour. The lines with the maximum values of bee attendance MVG-8 and K 2479 showed a greater amount of nectar and a high level of its sugar content than the genotypes with the minimum values of bee attendance. The data obtained confirm the main role of the nectar of tubular flowers in the pollinator attractiveness. The Oxy had a low pollen grain diameter of 29 microns, a high proportion of defective pollen grains of 37%, a low level of self-fertility of 19% and the seed setting of 47%. The transmission of these negative traits to the hybrid comes from the maternal line of VK 876, and not from the male form of VK 195, which is characterized by normal reproductive traits. The content of oleic acid did not significantly correlate with any of the seven reproductive traits. Correlation coefficients were established: the amount of nectar – bee attendance (0.57), the amount of nectar – sugar content of nectar (0.55), the amount of nectar – the number of defective pollen grains (-0.55), the number of defective pollen grains – self-fertility (-0.72), the number of defective pollen grains – seed setting (-0.47) and a self-fertility – seed setting (0.60). Mutations of high oleic Ol and the composition of tocopherols tph1 and tph2 did not have a pleiotropic effect on reproductive traits in the lines of the genetic collection.
Increasing Realism in Turkish Foreign Policy during Post-Davutoğlu Era
Authors: Gümüş Abdurrahman
Published: December 2022

This article compares Turkish foreign policy in the post-Davutoğlu era with the previous period and analyzes the changes and continuities in these two periods. In the first years of the Justice and Development Party (AK Party) period, the Davutoğlu era, Turkish foreign policy featured soft power and cooperation-based characteristics. While maintaining its proactive and multi-dimensional aspects, there were three crucial changes in Turkish foreign policy in the post-Davutoğlu era. First, the elimination of the Fetullah Terror Organization (FETÖ) network from the state institutions and organizations after the July 15 coup attempt contributed to the effective functioning of the state, more autonomous foreign policy, and successful military operations. Second, Türkiye adopted a new security concept aiming to eradicate the sources of terrorism both within and outside its borders and began to use more hard power. Third, Türkiye increased its capabilities in crisis management in its relations with great powers and managed its autonomous foreign policy. These three changes in the post-Davutoğlu era led to increasing realism, autonomous foreign policy, and the rise of deterrence and the sphere of regional influence.
COVID-19 in Palestine: Nationalism and Sovereignty
Authors: Aljamal Yousef M. , Cohen Ilise Benshushan , Amour Philipp O.
Published: December 2022

The article examines the early spread of COVID-19 in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPTs) in light of nationalism and sovereignty. For Palestinians, the spread of COVID-19 has been challenging due to domestic and regional interactions and limited sovereignty, undermining their ability to combat the virus. Israel, often without coordination with the Palestinian Authority (PA), determined who could enter and exit the OPTs, including tens of thousands of Palestinians working in Israel, leading to an increased number of infections in the West Bank. The pandemic awakened Palestinian national sentiment, serving as a reminder of disunity and lack of sovereignty. Despite these challenges, we show that the Palestinian health system unsuccessfully attempted to overcome the crisis. The combination of economic [inter]dependence on Israel, lack of sovereignty, and nationalist resurgence help explain why the Palestinian health sector recorded thousands of cases following the second wave of the virus. COVID-19 has only further revealed how Palestinians could not practically operate independently from Israel.
Reconsidering ‘EU Actorness’ in Changing Geopolitics of the Eastern Mediterranean Region
Authors: Latif Dilek , Evcan Nusret Sinan
Published: December 2022

The discovery of hydrocarbon resources in the Eastern Mediterranean reshuffled the existing foreign policies, increased the region’s geopolitical importance, and acted as a catalyst for the emergence of new geopolitical dynamics and political alignments. The European Union (EU) has been involved in the Eastern Mediterranean region due to foreign, security, and energy policy considerations. The hydrocarbon deposits have the potential to provide diversification of resources and act as a bridge for greater cooperation in the region. Instead, the explosive geopolitical context evokes insecurities and threat perceptions. This article aims to contextualize the EU’s engagement in the Eastern Mediterranean region vis-à-vis the latest developments and political factors.
MEDIA EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN REQUIREMENTS FOR LANGUAGE TRAINING OF FOREIGN STUDENTS IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS OF UKRAINE
Authors: Sikorska Victoria
Published: December 2022

The article reveals the importance of the introduction of modern media educational technologies to ensure quality language training of foreign students in Ukrainian universities. It is proved that information transformations in the world have a direct impact on the process of reforms in the organization of the educational process in higher education in our country. Attention is paid to the peculiarities of attracting information and communication developments in the field of higher education, the motive for such a reorganization is revealed. Work has been done to supplement and expand the understanding of the impact of the introduction of information processes in the educational sphere and to establish how this will change the quality of teaching various disciplines, in particular, the philological field. Emphasis is placed on the need to find new effective ways to present educational information to students that could compete with traditional teaching methods, the importance of supplementing and expanding their list. Theoretical aspects of general and partial character are explained, which, in a certain way, influence the transformation of usual theoretical and practical tasks in ZVO. The need to increase the level of requirements for future specialists (foreign students) who are currently receiving higher education in Ukrainian universities is emphasized. An example of the importance of exchanging one's own pedagogical achievements is given. It is argued that radical changes in the educational process through the introduction of modern media education technologies, reassessment of the effectiveness of traditional didactic methods and ways of presenting educational material, the possibility of wider disclosure of humanitarian potential inherent in all disciplines, promoting the formation of scientific analysis, improving information consciousness and meaningful attitude to today's realities of life. A detailed study of the pros and cons of information reform of the educational space. An example of the experience of using a social network during the study of the discipline "Ukrainian as a foreign language" (for foreign students in higher education) is given.
PERSUASIVE STRATEGIES IN INSINCERE DISCOURSE
Authors: Kondruk Alina , Koliada Elina
Published: December 2022

The article focuses on the strategies of persuasiveness in insincere discourse, based on material from modern English fiction. In insincere discourse, deceit, hypocrisy, and manipulation are foregrounded. The semantic basis of insincere discourse is an expression of mentality inherent in an insincere linguistic personality. With the help of persuasive strategies, the speaker influences the interlocutor through appeals to their consciousness, inviting them to their own critical judgment. In order to convince a communicative partner, the speaker provides them with logically ordered information. An insincere speaker convinces their interlocutor by deliberate use of false information. The concept “to speak truth” is opposed to the concept “to speak un-truth.” These concepts are interrelated, they are always evaluated from a moral point of view and are of great importance both in everyday communication and in literature. The truth is connected not only with the correspondence of an utterance to the real world, but with sincerity, that is, with the intentions of a person. In contrast, un-truth is associated with insincerity. I-utterances, which are used by an insincere speaker, convey the meaning of confidence, which reflects a subjective sense of truth of the expressed proposition. The utterances, manifested by type II conditional sentences, expressing an unreal condition related to the moment of speech, convey the meaning of condition in combination with the meanings of rational and emotional evaluation. Emotional evaluation is realized as a positive attitude of the speaker to the object of speech. An insincere speaker is able to flexibly use verbal and non-verbal means. An insincere speaker can use various techniques, such as “unexpectedness”, “appeal to authority”, and understatement, in order to incline a communicative partner finally to make a definite decision.
INFORMATION MANIPULATION IN THE MEDIA AS AN ELEMENT OF POLITICAL COMMUNICATION
Authors: Kuchyk Halyna
Published: December 2022

The current state of development of socio-political relations draws the attention of many researchers and experts to the application of effective mechanisms to counter threats aimed at violating the stability of the state. The use of information means of influence and methods of information transfer in political communication is becoming a priority both at the internal and international levels. Information becomes a weapon, a means of influence, pressure, manipulation aimed at achieving socio-economic and political goals. Information manipulation is one of the specific methods and means of forming conscious, ideological, political narratives in the process of political communication. Information manipulation should be considered as one of the tools of political communication, the action that forms the influence (pressure) on a person, a group with the aim of imposing the will to act or inaction. Political communication is considered as a field of information manipulation aimed at spreading the influence of political groups or individuals to a particular part of society in order to use influence for achieving goals. Manipulation of information should be considered as a process of transmitting and receiving information with the aim of using it to realize one’s own political goals.
PRAGMATIC FUNCTIONS OF REPETITIONS IN NEWSPAPER INFORMATIONAL TEXTS
Authors: Kozlovska Ganna
Published: December 2022

The scientific article continues the number of researches dealing with the theory of text. The author studies pragmatic functions of repetitions in informational newspaper texts, namely – in newspaper weather forecast reports of “The Washington Times”. The achievement of the goal mentioned above is subject to the fulfilment of the following tasks: it is necessary to characterize the elements of redundancy in newspaper weather forecast reports and to find the specific features of repetitions in such kind of texts. Moreover, the author analyzes such notions as ‘information’, ‘redundancy’, and ‘compression’. Linguists pay much attention to newspaper informational texts because Mass Media influence has been constantly strengthening and expanding. Nowadays Mass Media has become one of the greatest ‘influencers’ in the society. The topicality of the linguistic problem mentioned above is proved by the huge interest to the noise-resistant factors that are aimed at providing efficient transferring and obtaining information in the process of newspaper communication. Fundamental works of Ukrainian and foreign linguists in the fields of text theory, pragmalinguistics, cybernetics, and stylistics have served as the basis of the scientific article. Newspaper weather forecast reports are the object of the paper, and elements of redundancy in the given texts are the subject of the research. Repetition provides coherence in newspaper informational texts, focuses on the subject of report, and contributes to automatic remembering of information and its saving in long-run memory.
TERMINOLOGY OF DIPLOMATIC DOCUMENTS
Authors: Derba Svitlana
Published: December 2022

In the article, the author claims that in the modern world and in Ukraine, the issue of using the language of diplomacy is extremely relevant, but the role of this field in interstate relations has been known since ancient times. The study analyzed more than 120 terms of diplomatic language. The diplomatic understyle is used in the field of interstate official business relations. The language of diplomatic documents should be simple and concise, without epithets and comparisons, but sometimes artistic images or References: to historical facts of another country are used. The text of a diplomatic appeal must precisely correspond to its semantic load. The author briefly examines the history of the formation of diplomatic terminology, and also examines the terminological system of the diplomatic sub-style, as it is the main informative layer of the vocabulary that is still being formed. The phenomenon that the diplomatic terminological system has a large number of international words (for example, from Latin, Greek, German, French, English languages) is considered in detail, as this speaks of modern trends of international cooperation. One of the important characteristics of the term, which the author of the article draws attention to, is that it must have a clear, unambiguous understanding, the terms of diplomacy must denote the same phenomenon, and he also provides definitions of the term in different languages ​​to illustrate this. The study determined that there are two types of terms (one-word terms (consul, attache, repatriation, etc.) and compound ones (international agreement, verbal note persona non grata, etc.)), the emphasis is on the fact that phrase-terms predominate. The prospect of continuing the research in the future is also outlined.
LABIODENTAL AND ALVEOLAR VOICED FRICATIVES: PRONUNCIATION TENDENCIES IN THE NATIONAL VARIETIES OF GERMAN
Authors: Solska Tetiana , Borovska Olena
Published: December 2022

The present paper deals with the synchronic variation of the labiodental and alveolar fricative phonemes in the national varieties of German in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Our research task was to describe the full range of modifications of these fricatives in the national varieties under investigation and to determine two conditional factors: 1) which modifications are due to positional and combinatorial conditions of sound realization; 2) which modifications can be taken to be typical of these national varieties of German. The data collected are based on the acoustic analysis of reproductive speech (a reading of short stories by Leonhard Thoma) of 12 German teachers from Northern Germany, from the Vienna area and from the cantons of Aargau and Lucerne. Our results showed that the frequent loss of tone by the lax labiodental fricative [v̥] mostly depends on the positional and combinatorial conditions of its realization and can be observed mainly in the positions of the absolute beginning of the phonetic word and after voiceless consonants in all the national varieties under investigation. The realization of the lax alveolar fricative /z/ in the speech of the German is also dependent on its position and the sound context. Instead, in the speech of the Austrians and the German Swiss the voiceless allophone of the lax alveolar fricative [z̥] prevails regardless of its position in the phonetic word and sound context. Therefore, the occurrence of this allophone can be taken to be typical of these national varieties of German.
PECULARITIES OF THE TRANSLATIONS OF AGREEMENTS AND CONTRACTS: LEXICAL AND GRAMMATICAL ASPECTS
Authors: Gudkova Nataliia
Published: December 2022

The article analyses the peculiarities of the translation of agreements and contracts as samples of official business documentation. It has been found that the peculiarities of these documents in the translation aspect are mostly presented at the lexical and grammatical levels. The ratio of lexical and grammatical peculiarities of the contractual documentation and their counterparts in the translated texts into English was determined on the original contracts of sale, lease of real estate, rental of housing and partnership agreements. It has been proven that to achieve the maximum equivalence of the translation at the lexical level, it is necessary to take into account terms and professionalism, naming people by a sign of their certain activity, borrowings, typical abbreviations, standard clichés regarding payments and periods in the studied texts. It is emphasized that the correctness of the translation of official business documentation requires the analysis of the text-forming function of grammatical units in the original texts and their translated counterparts. Among the grammatical peculiarities of the studied texts, the ways of expressing obligations and conditions, adequate interpretation of complex adverbs, simple sentences complicated by introductory constructions, adjective and adverb inflections, homogeneous clauses and complex common sentences were highlighted. It is noted that when translating contractual documents, the rule of parallelism and use of the passive voice both in the original texts and in their translated versions in English should be considered.
Çekişmeli Göç Siyasetinin Gölgesinde AB-Türkiye İlişkileri
Authors: ÇETİN Elif
Published: December 2022

Göç, AB-Türkiye ilişkilerini son birkaç on yıldır (yeniden) şekillendiren en önemli meselelerden biri haline gelmiştir. 2015 yazında göçmen ve sığınmacı sayılarındaki beklenmedik artışın, veya bazı uzmanların tabir ettiği şekliyle 2015 Akdeniz göçmen ve sığınmacı krizinin, AB-Türkiye ilişkileri üzerinde önemli yansımaları olmuştur ve nihayetinde 2016 yılındaki AB-Türkiye Mutabakatı’nın kabulüne yol açmıştır. Mutabakat, çok farklı tepkileri tetikleyerek bazı gözlemcilerin, Türkiye’de göç meselelerinin artan şekilde politize edilmesinin AB-Türkiye antlaşmasının AB’nin önceliklerine hizmet edecek şekilde sürdürülebilir ve sorunsuz uygulanmasının önünde potansiyel bir kısıt oluşturacağını vurgulamışlardır.Bu çalışma, AB’nin dış sınırlarında yer alan bir ülke olarak Türkiye’nin nasıl ve ne şekilde AB’nin göç politikası önceliklerine itiraz ettiğini analiz etmektedir. Makale, yöntemsel olarak kalitatif nitelikte olup seçilmiş birincil ve ikincil yazılı kaynakların incelemesine ve analizine dayanmaktadır. Makalenin temel argümanı, göç olgusunun AB-Türkiye ilişkilerinde araçsallaştırıldığı ve Türk otoritelerinin, AB-Türkiye ilişkilerini geleneksel olarak karakterize eden güç hiyerarşisi asimetrisini değiştirme çabası içinde göç konusuna AB ile yaptıkları görüşmelerde değindikleri şeklindedir.
New Realities of Educational Practices. The Example of Libraries Activity in the Krasnoyarsk Region
Authors: Andronenko Oksana V. , Ruksha Gennadiy L.
Published: December 2022

Federal Law No. 85-FZ of 05.04.2021 “On Amendments to the Federal Law ‘On Education in the Russian Federation’” defines the significance of educational activities. The article presents the forms of the modern process of education carried out by the commonwealth of cultural subjects, formerly called cultural and educational, including libraries.

Currently, there are used technologies of traditional cultural practices, creative technologies, as well as fragments of mass culture technologies. The technological arsenal of cultural institutions in education is complemented by electronic resources and opportunities provided in the online environment. These issues affect the variety of cultural institutions, but library systems will be in the lead. Communication interaction will not only remain the proven tool of the educational process in libraries, but will also strengthen. The authors supplement this thesis with examples from the activities of libraries in the Krasnoyarsk Region. The kind of catalyst for creative processes in libraries is the activity of employees of municipal libraries in the design and implementation of justification for inclusion in prestigious large-scale modernization projects (National project “Culture” for the creation of model libraries, the Krasnoyarsk Regional network project “Libraries of the Future”).

The authors identify the possible risks of intensification of this area of activity, which can be overcome by using both traditional and innovative methods of work.
Bibliometric Analysis — as Library Activity in the Field of Science Popularization
Authors: Beskaravaynaya Elena V. , Kharybina Tatiana N.
Published: December 2022

The authors offer their view of popularization of science making the results of bibliometric analysis accessible via the library’s website. Traditionally, research scientists want to know if their scientific publications have been referenced in reputable bibliographic databases or find out how many citations the paper generated over a given time period, or how to get the H-index, or explore more current, related research on their topic. The focus of the study was to identify information, which is not related to one user, but is required by the recipients overall. Working through the data, helps to perform ongoing evaluation of scientific institution activity. The survey was conducted among specialists of the Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (PSCBR RAS). After studying the information needs of scientists, there were identified the inquires noted in the largest number of questionnaires: the dynamics of publication activity sorted by year, the most productive authors, international cooperation, the most cited and funded scientific trends. The material was gathered from the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases, and the results of the analysis were posted on the website of the Central Library of the Pushchino Scientific Center (Department of the Library for Natural Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences).

The analysis was carried out within the framework of the PSCBR RAS works. The time period for bibliometric research is 2016—2020. During that period, the research activity of scientists of the PSCBR RAS covered 387 scientific areas. Bibliometric analysis showed 1139 editions where the works of researchers of the PSCBR RAS were published. The authors identified 30 the most popular journals on the subject areas of the PSCBR RAS, in which 35% of all articles were concentrated. In 2016—2020, scientists of PSCBR RAS together with foreign colleagues from 95 countries prepared 171 publications. According to the WoS CC and Scopus indicators, 2834 authors were registered with the affiliation of the PSCBR RAS.

With respect to science communication, this paper presents findings aimed at demonstrating the achievements and contributions made by the scholars from PSCBR RAS on a global stage, thereby motivating young scientists for research activities in the Center, and getting attention in mass media.

Library staff members who perform this job are able to show the highest professional performance — to acquaint readers with the practical potential of bibliometric analysis: to help find journals most appropriate for user’s research; to provide information on the authors of publications based on the analysis of the number of citations of these papers for future possible joint project, to determine scientific directions that receive the most financial support. The libraryʼs website assumes the role of an external interface to demonstrate the achievements of the PSCBR RAS.
Media Security of Childrenʼs Reading: Project Activity in the Library Media Environment
Authors: Kolesnikova Olga I. , Laut Nikita A.
Published: December 2022

In the conditions of rapidly developing information society in Russia, the problem of ensuring children’s media security is becoming more urgent. Low-quality children’s literature (media products) is sold, distributed on the Internet, is in public and family libraries. Russian children currently are not protected from the influence of content that can have a re-socializing effect and promote destructive behaviour models. When choosing an interesting and useful book, children may be influenced by suggestions that are destructive to the personality of young reader. The authors substantiate the expediency of introducing the concept of “media security of childrenʼs reading” into the theory and practice of reading activity, both in relation to books and media products in general. The authors propose to solve the problem of the potentially possible re-socializing impact of some works of modern childrenʼs literature (media products) through the introduction of socio-cultural projects within the framework of information and recommendation support. At the same time, such support should include the creation of recommendation information and library products posted on the official websites of childrenʼs libraries and their online communities in the media environment, as well as the organization of their provision to users.

The paper presents the results of library and pedagogical experiment, during which the socio-cultural project was developed, realized and implemented in the Pushkin Central Municipal Library of Kirov and tested in the parent community of younger schoolchildren, aimed at including the media security model proposed by the authors in the information and recommendation support for childrenʼs reading. The results obtained of project implementation indicate the effectiveness of the developed socio-cultural project, which is able to prevent the negative impact of low-quality literature.
Cultural Diplomacy and Libraries: the Experience of Russia and Uzbekistan
Authors: Gendina Natalia I. , Kosolapova Elena V.
Published: December 2022

The authors reveal the role of cultural diplomacy as a tool for the exchange of cultural practices between different states in order to ensure mutual understanding and strengthen international stability. The purpose of the article is to show the example of participation of libraries and Universities in the implementation of the ideas of cultural diplomacy, to fill the gap in highlighting the experience of interaction in this area of Russia and Uzbekistan. The article analyses the experience of promoting the Russian concept of the formation of information culture of individual in Uzbekistan. The article interprets the information culture of individual as the most important factor of successful educational, professional and everyday activities, as well as social security of individual in the conditions of digital transformation of society. The authors characterize cooperation of the Research Institute of Information Technologies of the Social Sphere of the Kemerovo State Institute of Culture with the UNESCO Representative Office in Uzbekistan, the National Library of Uzbekistan named after A. Navoi and other library and educational organizations of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2015—2022. The paper emphasizes the fruitfulness of the implementation of the model of cultural diplomacy based on respect for other cultures, mutual cultural exchange in order to increase cultural wealth and a better understanding of the peculiarities of other states, nations and peoples. The authors formulate the principles that ensure the fruitfulness of such model of cultural diplomacy: interest, passion of the party that perceives others cultural experience, rather than imposing on it the achievements and values of another culture; systematic and consistent building up of contacts, instead of the one-time nature of individual events; adaptation of cultural experience and cultural practices to the traditions of their own culture, rather than mechanical copying of the achievements of another culture; reliance on a wide range of actors, valued participants who play a significant role in the implementation of cultural diplomacy; mutual cultural enrichment, mutual cultural exchange, and not the dictate of traditions and values of one culture.
One-Person Library as an Object of Study
Authors: Paramonova Irina E.
Published: December 2022

There are many different types of libraries and librarians. In smaller libraries, often there is only one employee, solo librarian, in charge of all aspects of library work, from cataloging to reference-bibliographic service and from budgeting and planning to personnel management. In international practice, the term One-Person Library (OPL) is used to designate such libraries with one employee. Working alone places special demands on library professionals. Therefore, in the late 1970s, the solo librarianship movement arose in support of OPL employees abroad, which practically was almost unknown in Russia. According to some estimates, OPLs are about a third of all libraries in the world. The relevance of this topic is unquestionable, since the number of OPLs worldwide will only grow. It is the overall trend. The purpose of the work is to give general information about OPLs and show their specific features. The article is a review of foreign publications devoted to the problems of librarians and information professionals who work alone or solo. Not intended to be exhaustive, this review can serve as an introduction to the topic and outlines the main problems faced by this segment of the profession. Among the specific problems the author considers multitasking and lack of time, professional isolation and perceived lack of opportunity for professional growth, the threat of reduction and, as a result, the need to constantly demonstrate their value to management. Despite the difficulties, working alone has its advantages. The most obvious of them are independence in decision-making, diversity, an opportunity to prove themselves and develop new skill sets (managerial, leadership, communication). The author expresses the hope that this work will attract interest in the problem of OPL functioning and will serve as an incentive for further discussions of this topic in the professional library community.