bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial Resistant Organism Decolonization After Microbiome Perturbation (ARO-DECAMP): protocol for a multi-centre, randomized, placebo-controlled feasibility pilot trial
Authors: Yee Noelle , Kulikova Maria , MacFadden Derek , Daneman Nick , Konvalinka Ana , So Miranda , Hota Susy , Martinu Tereza , Kain Kevin , Johnstone Jennie , Walmsley Sharon , Coburn Bryan
Published: April 2024

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a threat to effective treatment of bacterial infections. Gastrointestinal colonization with an antimicrobial resistant organism (ARO) is a risk factor for subsequent systemic infection, and increasing resistance is associated with increased infection recurrence. Patient-level interventions to decrease or minimize antimicrobial harms and reduce gastrointestinal colonization and translocation without worsening selection for AMR have tremendous potential for clinical impact. Despite the prevalence and mortality associated with bloodstream infections, there are no effective therapies for decolonization of the gut microbiome in attempts to potentially decrease the risk of recurrence. Reconstituting the perturbed microbiome is a novel therapeutic modality with the potential to decrease ARO colonization and subsequent infection and combat AMR without additional selection pressure for further AMR. No clinical trial has yet assessed the potential of a therapeutic microbial consortium for ARO decolonization and infection prevention after antibiotic treatment.
Methods: Antimicrobial Resistant Organism Decolonization After Microbiome Perturbation (ARO-DECAMP) is a multi-centre, placebo-controlled, pilot randomized controlled feasibility trial using the microbial consortium Microbial Ecosystem Therapeutic-2. Non-intensive care unit hospitalized patients >18 years of age receiving antibiotic treatment for a bloodstream infection caused by an ARO will be included. Participants will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either MET-2 or placebo for 10 days, with treatment initiation 2-3 days after completion of antibiotics. Participants will be followed for 180 days, and biological samples will be collected periodically for clinical, ecological, and biomarker outcomes. Recruitment rate and study intervention adherence will be evaluated for feasibility.
Discussion: This study is designed to determine if a trial of administration of microbial consortia after antibiotic treatment for bloodstream infections is feasible. Results of this pilot study will inform the design and sample size of a definitive trial powered to assess the effectiveness of the intervention as a therapeutic strategy for augmenting the microbiome and improving clinical outcomes.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06214403. Registered 19 January 2024, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06214403
Determination of nitrosamines in human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and investigation of relationships with bronchoscopic diagnoses
Authors: çolak sinem , Akyüz Mehmet
Published: April 2024

In this study, the chemometrically optimized, simple and rapid isolation procedures combined with chromatographic techniques have been proposed for determination of volatile and tobacco specific nitrosamines in human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples. Furthermore, these analyte concentrations were used to classify bronchoscopic diagnoses and their potential as biomarkers was investigated. The optimum conditions for the isolation of nitrosamines from BALF were chemometrically determined with central composite design (CCD).Validation parameters of nitrosamines obtained by Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) method under optimum isolation conditions are; recovery: 95% -101%; dedection limit (LOD): 0.40-13.69 pg/mL; quantification limit (LOQ):2.67–78.07 pg/mL and relative standard deviation (RSD): 1.50%-5.60%. Lines and pages must be numbered in the whole document. The samples were divided into 3 groups: patients with bronchoscopic diagnosis of inflammation and polypoid mass and control group. With the function created as a result of discriminant analysis, the samples were classified 100% correctly. The statistical analyze results indicated that in BALF samples especially NNN, NNK and NPIP can be used as both biomarker and indicator of increasing risk for diagnosis of polypoid mass.
A Comprehensive Bibliometric Study of the Interaction Between Built Form, Solar Shading, and Human Behaviour in Warmer Cities
Authors: sakhri hadjira , Maharoof Nusrath , Nicolae Armenciu Daniel , Mamache Fateh Enouar , Emmanuel Rohinton
Published: April 2024

Shade plays a crucial role in creating liveable outdoor spaces in hot arid cities. Numerous studies have been conducted to understand the relationship between human behaviour and built form and how the physical environment responds to human needs and reflects social values. However, there have been limited reviews of the relationship between solar shading that results from built form and behaviour in hot and arid climates. This study aims to highlight the current state of knowledge of the built environment-induced solar shading through articles obtained from Web of Science (WOS), Scopus and Science Direct databases and published between 1 January 2012, and 31 December 2022. Following the PRISMA method and a bibliometrics analysis, from 679 a set of 60 relevant research papers was utilized in this study. The open-source statistical and visualisation software VOSviewer was used mainly for processing and analysing datasets. As a result of the clustering, three main research themes were offered in warmer cities: “thermal comfort and built form”, “built form and shadow”, and “shading and behaviours”. The findings are valuable in terms of mapping and provide a view to deriving usable knowledge relevant to sustainable design practice in warmer places.
Predictors of quality of life and resilience in patients with ovarian cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Schilling Larissa , Toussaint Anne , Weigel Angelika , Lewitz Dorothea , Aust Golo , Töllner Jeanne , Oskay-Özcelik Gülten , Hasenburg Annette , Löwe Bernd , Schmalfeldt Barbara
Published: April 2024

Purpose
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the psychosocial burdens of patients with ovarian cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
Ninety-three patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer answered a quantitative survey during the COVID-19 pandemic assessing pandemic-related psychosocial impairment. The following domains, among others, were assessed: quality of life and therapy assessment (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy [FACT-G7]); anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 [GAD7]); depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-2 [PHQ2]); global physical, mental, and social health (PROMIS items]); and resilience (Brief Resilience Scale [BRS]). Patient groups were compared via analyses of variance ([first-line treatment vs. second-line treatment vs. subsequent treatment] and [patients at younger age at start of treatment vs. older patients]) in terms of psychological impairment. Regression analyses were performed to predict preserved quality of life and resilience.
Results
Most patients rated their physical health, mental health, and satisfaction with social activities as good. Eighty-five patients (91.4%) were somewhat or very concerned about the pandemic. In general, patients on first-line therapy reported a better quality of life (p = 0.03) and better general health (p = 0.014) than those on at least second-line therapy. Patients who were younger at the start of treatment (< 65 years) reported significantly more concern about the pandemic than older patients (p = 0.008). Predictors of quality of life (FACT-7) were general health (global item), severity of depression (PHQ-2), and type of therapy. Predictors of resilience (BRS) were severity of anxiety (GAD-7) and mental health (global item).
Conclusions
Patients in the first line of treatment, and younger patients in particular, might benefit from support in coping with pandemic-related burdens. To ensure the highest possible resilience and quality of life in this patient group, attention should also be paid to potential psychological distress, which should be treated alongside the cancer.
Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes Associated with Appendix Location in Children with Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Echeverry Jhon M. Escobar , Valero Juan J. , Alfonso Natalia Guzmán , Fierro Fernando , Molina Iván D.
Published: April 2024

PURPOSE: To categorize appendix location with a modified classification system and describe the outcomes associated with each location.
METHODS: This was a prospective observational cohort study of children who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy at a reference children’s hospital. The diagnosis of acute appendicitis (AA) was confirmed by the pathology department, and clinical history data were obtained. The location of the appendix was classified as retrocecal (RA), pelvic (PEA), or right iliac fossa (RIF), and an intraoperative photograph was taken for confirmation.
RESULTS: The location of the appendix was divided into three groups (RIF 42%, PEA 33%, and RA 25%). Significant differences were found in the time of symptom onset (RA >48 hours in 54.5% of patients, p=0.001) and in the ultrasound diagnosis of appendicitis (RIF 49.3%, RA 25.9%, PEA 24.6%, p=0.01). The primary outcome assessed was appendix perforation, which also significantly differed between appendix locations (average 37.8%, PEA 46%, p=0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: The classification of the location of the appendix in RIF, PEA and RA was clear, simple, and reproducible, with RIF being the most common location. Pelvic localization was associated with the presence of perforation, possibly because signs of peritoneal irritation are less usual in these children, and perforation was less observed via ultrasound.
Significance of the Corpus Callosum and Inferior Fronto-Occipital Fasciculus in Recovery after Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Pogosbekian Eduard L. , Sharova Elena V. , Fadeeva Liudmila M. , Alexandrova Evgenia V. , Chekhonin Ivan V. , Zakharova Natalia E. , Pronin Igor N.
Published: April 2024

Objective: To analyze the correlations between the consciousness state scores and the fractional anisotropy (FA) values in various segments of the Corpus Callosum (CC) and Inferior Fronto-Occipital Fasciculus (IFOF) at different stages of recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Methods: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed in 43 TBI patients and 22 healthy volunteers. The consciousness levels were estimated with the CRS-R scale. The tracts were divided into segments using a template based on tractograms of healthy volunteers, and the correlations between the CRS-R scores and the FA values were calculated for each tract segment.
Results: In the acute period after TBI, 15 segments of the CC and IFOF demonstrated significant correlations (p<0.05). In the long-term period, the highest number (24) of correlations were found in the studied tracts segments. In the subacute period, only 3 segments with correlations were detected.
Conclusions: We propose a new pipeline, which yields spatial localization of correlations between the fractional anisotropy values and the CRS-R scores in patients after TBI. It allows to make assumptions about the functioning of neural networks.
Significance: This work provides new information concerning the organization of fiber tracts and neural networks in TBI patients and may improve neurorehabilitation approaches.
Professional Identity Work of Nurse Practitioners and Family Physicians in Primary Care in Quebec and Ontario – A Study Protocol
Authors: Rodriguez Charo , Archibald Douglas , Grad Roland , Loban Katya , Kilpatrick Kelley
Published: April 2024

Background
Solo medical practices in primary healthcare delivery have been abandoned in favor of interdisciplinary teamwork in most Western countries. Dynamics in interdisciplinary teams might however be particularly difficult when two or more autonomous health professionals develop similar roles at the practice level. This is the case of family physicians (FPs) and nurse practitioners (NPs), due to the fact that the latter might accomplish not only the traditional role proper to a nurse, but also several medical activities such as requesting diagnostic exams and prescribing medical treatments. The tensions that this overlap might generate and their implications in regard of the development of professional identities, and consequently of the quality of health care delivered, have been suggested, but rarely examined empirically. The goal of this study is to examine identity work, i.e., the processes of (re)construction of professional identities, of NPs and FPs working together in primary care interdisciplinary teams.
Methods
A longitudinal, interpretive, and comparative multiple (n = 2) case study is proposed. Identity work theory in organizations is adopted as theoretical perspective. Cases are urban primary care multidisciplinary teams from two different Canadian provinces: Quebec and Ontario. Participants are NPs, FPs, managers, and patients. Data gathering involves audio-diaries, individual semi-structured and focus group interviews, observations, and archival material. Narrative and metaphor techniques are adopted for analyzing data collected. Within- and cross-case analysis will be performed.
Discussion
For practice, the results of this investigation will: (a) be instrumental for clinicians, primary care managers, and policy decision-makers responsible for the implementation of interdisciplinary teamwork in primary healthcare delivery to improve decision-making processes and primary care team performance over time; (b) inform continuing interdisciplinary professional development educational initiatives that support competency in health professionals’ identity construction in interdisciplinary primary care organizations. For research, the project will contribute to enriching theory about identity construction dynamics in health professions, both in the fields of health services and primary care education research.
The extraction method determines the chemical differences between the stem and leaf of Melissa officinalis L.
Authors: Frazão Vitor P. , Hufnagel Mariana T. , Dörr Fabiane , Pessoa Ana Flavia M. , Demarque Daniel Pecoraro
Published: April 2024

In this contribution, we investigate the impact of different extraction methods on the chemical profile of stems and leaves of Melissa officinalis L. Extemporaneous preparations (infusions) were performed and revealed a significant disparity in the chemical profiles of the leaves and stems, with key constituents like rosmarinic acid being notably absent in stem infusions. Subsequent analyses employing sequential maceration with ultrasound and solvents such as hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol, however, demonstrated an equivalency of chemical profiles across both plant parts, including the presence of rosmarinic acid. These findings underscore the critical role of extraction methodology in determining the chemical profile of plant-based medicinal preparations.
Identification of Neisseria animaloris infection as the etiology of cardiac tamponade in a cat: a case report
Authors: Mazurek Łukasz , Adaszek Łukasz , Dzięgiel-Michałowska Beata , Michalak Katarzyna , Pietras-Ożga Dorota
Published: April 2024

Background
Cardiac tamponade is a serious problem in companion animals. A diagnosis of COVID-19 too late can lead to death. Neisseria spp. are considered commensal microorganisms of the oral cavity in dogs and cats and are usually isolated from human wounds resulting from bites on these animals.
Case presentation
This article presents a clinical case of a cat with hydropericardium, the cause of which was Neisseria animaloris. Identification of the pathogen in the pericardial sac fluid was performed using the MALDI-TOF method.
Conclusion
This is the first report on a documented case of cardiac tamponade in a cat triggered by Neisseria animaloris bacterial infection in feline medicine, emphasizing its novelty.
Virtual & Mixed Reality Fatigue Scale
Authors: Cintora-Sanz Ana María , Sanchiz-Torres Paula , Blanco-Lara Alberto , Vázquez-Rodríguez Tatiana , Herrador-Sánchez Soledad , Redondo-Lozano María , Cardós-Alonso Carmen
Published: April 2024

Background: Virtual reality (VR) and mixed reality (MR) are effective training tools in different healthcare settings. These tools are useful for preparing emergency health personnel to respond to disasters by providing them with an immersive reality since real practices are very difficult to implement during mass casualty incidents.
Given the usefulness of this approach, assessing the optimal training times associated with this method and the side effects that may influence learning is helpful. One of the most common side effects is fatigue. We developed a scale to assess fatigue in terms of various dimensions that can affect a person while training in the context of VR and MR.
Methods: We designed a questionnaire to assess the fatigue levels perceived by professionals and validated this measure after a VR training experience. We analyzed ratings of visual, mental, physical, and general fatigue. This questionnaire was applied to emergency professionals (n=66).
Results: The reliability and validity of the scale were assessed in terms of the following factors: general, social, emotional, visual, and motivational fatigue.
Conclusions: The results of this research suggest that fatigue is an element of VR training. Educators should take these effects into account to optimize learning in the context of MR.
A spatiotemporal analysis of compound typhoon storm surge disasters in China
Authors: Zhang Suming , Li Xiaomin , Zhang Jie , Du Xuexue , Zhao Tangqi , Hou Yijun
Published: April 2024

The compound typhoon storm surge disaster (CTSSD) is a major Marine disaster in China. Understanding its spatiotemporal characteristics is of great significance for its prevention and mitigation. Characterized by a large spatial scale (China) and a long time series (1989-2020), this paper proposes a framework to investigate the probability and intensity under different compound scenarios. The framework contains two dimensions, time and space, and methods such as the Mann-Kendall test, the Standard Deviation Ellipse model, and the Spatial clustering analysis are adopted. Subsequently, the links between observed characteristics with policy, adaptation, and geography are explored, and suitable risk governance recommendations for Chinese CTSSD are proposed. The results show that the probability characteristics of different compound scenarios are different. This is closely related to the uneven spatiotemporal distribution of precipitation, typhoon landings, and the tide range of astronomical tide, and thus a pattern of "wind and precipitation prevention in South China, and astronomical tide prevention in North China" is proposed. The probability shows an increasing trend but the intensity shows a downward trend, suggesting that policies taken by China (such as building high-standard seawalls, developing technology, and institutional construction) reduce the damage of CTSSD effectively. By understanding the global excellent cases, a suggestion of "use both 'soft' measures and 'hard' measures, develop community-based CTSSD management" is put forward, which is hoped to provide new ideas for the prevention and management of CTSSD in China.
The CTLH Ubiquitin Ligase Substrates ZMYND19 and MKLN1 Negatively Regulate mTORC1 at the Lysosomal Membrane
Authors: Wang Yin , Guo Rui , Piedras Brenda Iturbide , Tang Hsin-Yao , Asara John M. , Tempera Italo , Lieberman Paul M. , Gewurz Benjamin E.
Published: April 2024

Most Epstein–Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) harbor non-silent mutations that activate phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) to drive downstream metabolic signaling. To gain insights into PI3K/mTOR pathway dysregulation in this context, we performed a human genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen for hits that synergistically blocked EBVaGC proliferation together with the PI3K antagonist alpelisib. Multiple subunits of carboxy terminal to LisH (CTLH) E3 ligase, including the catalytic MAEA subunit, were among top screen hits. CTLH negatively regulates gluconeogenesis in yeast, but not in higher organisms. Instead, we identified that the CTLH substrates MKLN1 and ZMYND19, which highly accumulated upon MAEA knockout, associated with one another and with lysosomes to inhibit mTORC1. ZMYND19/MKLN1 bound Raptor and RagA/C, but rather than perturbing mTORC1 lysosomal recruitment, instead blocked a late stage of its activation, independently of the tuberous sclerosis complex. Thus, CTLH enables cells to rapidly tune mTORC1 activity at the lysosomal membrane via the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway.
An unexpected IgE anti-Receptor binding domain response following natural infection and different types of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines
Authors: Portilho Amanda Izeli , Silva Valéria de Oliveira , Costa Hernan Hermes Monteiro da , Yamashiro Rosemeire , de Oliveira Isabela Penteriche , de Campos Ivana Barros , Prudencio Carlos Roberto , Matsuda Elaine Monteiro , Brígido Luís Fernando de Macedo , De Gaspari Elizabeth
Published: April 2024

The humoral response of SARS-CoV-2 has been studied, primarily focusing on the classical IgG and subclasses. Although IgE antibodies are typically specific to allergens or parasites, a few reports describe its production in response to SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses. Here, we investigated IgE-specific to Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 in a Brazilian cohort following natural infection and vaccination. Samples from 59 volunteers were assessed after infection (COVID-19), primary immunization with vectored (ChAdOx1) or inactivated (CoronaVac) vaccines, and booster immunization with mRNA (BNT162b2) vaccine. Natural COVID-19 induced IgE, but vaccination increased its levels. Subjects vaccinated with two doses of ChAdOx1 exhibited a more robust response than those vaccinated with two doses of CoronaVac; however, after boosting with BNT162b2, all groups had similar IgE levels. IgE presented intermediate-to-high avidity, especially after the booster. We also found IgG4 antibodies, mainly after booster, and its levels presented a moderate correlation with IgE. ELISA results were confirmed by controls assays, using IgG depletion by protein G and lack of reactivity with heterologous antigen. In our cohort, no clinical data could be associated with the IgE response. We encourage studies about IgE and its role in immunity, beyond allergies and parasitic infections.
Prevailing Climatic Trends Perspective and Its Impacts on Glaciers in Central Karakoram, South Asia
Authors: Hussain Nasir , Hussain Muhammad , Ullah Sami , Pervez Mahnoor , Nelson Ugwonoh , Ali Baber , Khan Muhammad Nauman
Published: April 2024

In this study climatic variability trends in the Karakoram Mountains range of the Upper Indus Basin (UIB) was studied. The data obtained from two stations including WAPDA (1995–2020) and PMD (1986–2015) were analyzed for mean annual and seasonal trends. Results showed decline in mean seasonal (summer, winter and autumn) minimum and maximum temperature and solar radiation, while increase in temperature observed during the spring season. Moreover, an increase in seasonal precipitation in all seasons and increase in mean maximum and minimum relative humidity were observed in all seasons. The mean thickness of supra glacier debris on Barpu glacier (study glacier) was measured 1–1.5 feet at the study area (ablation zone).Questionnaire study was also conducted to record the indigenous perception. According to the local inhabitants, the rate of retreating of Barpu glacier is slowly and no considerable changes of snout observed during the last two to three decades. It is also confirmed by taking snout coordinates during the year 2013 and 2022, so there is no any fluctuation of snout throughout the study period. Due to decrease in seasonal (summer, winter and autumn) temperature, solar radiation, and increase in summer, autumn and winter precipitation and all seasonal increase relative humidity consequently facilitate the establishment of Karakoram anomaly. Therefore Barpu glacier in central Karakorum shows stable or low melting rate. The glaciers in Karakorum region shows diverse response to global warming as their counterpart elsewhere.
Identification and Field Verification of Fe-Bearing Rocks in the Hasançelebi Region (Malatya, Türkiye) and its vicinity using ASTER and Sentinel-2A images
Authors: İnal Sedat , Kavak Kaan Şevki
Published: April 2024

In this study, image processing applied to ASTER and Sentinel-2A images is used to reveal Fe-bearing rocks in the vicinity of Hasançelebi (Malatya), which is close to Divriği, one of the most important iron provenances in the Central-Eastern Anatolia region of Türkiye. Remote sensing images, particularly the visible-near-infrared (VNIR) and partially shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands, have been employed to identify Fe-bearing minerals and rocks. To achieve this, various band ratioing processes were applied. Supervised classification using a parallelepiped algorithm was employed on the resulting ratio images to create classification distributions for Fe-bearing minerals. Features such as lineaments and faults which play a crucial role in the development of ore deposits were mapped using digital elevation models. During fieldwork, rock samples representing the lithologies and Fe-bearing minerals in the region were collected, and mineralogical-petrographic, geochemical, and XRD analyses were conducted. Additionally, spectral measurements were also taken from the same samples for comparison. These measurements allowed for spectral mineral identification, and spectral signatures were recorded for each sample. Known Fe-bearing minerals are predominantly associated with the Ciritbelen-Otmangölü Fault (COF), which is an approximately east-west trending strike-slip fault in the study area, along with other related fault systems. They are generally distributed within an ophiolitic slice and the surrounding magmatic intrusions. In the image processing and field verifications, it was determined that ASTER images provided more reliable results compared to Sentinel-2A images.
Association of inflammation-related cytokines and immune cells on bladder cancer：A mendelian-randomization study
Authors: Yu Puguang , Wang Huiwei , You Xiangyun , Su Peng , Yang Yanling , Zhang Xiaoli , Dong Dan , Wang Yibing , Wang Kefeng
Published: April 2024

Background
The inflammation-immune response is thought to be closely related to cancer. Although several studies have evaluated the potential prognostic value of inflammation-immune response in cancer over the past few decades, their effects on patients with bladder cancer (BCa) has not been thoroughly reported.
Methods
A two sample mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to analyze the relationship among 91 inflammation-related cytokines, 731 immune cells and BCa in genome-wide association studies. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) random-effects models were used to examine the relationship between genetic suppression of these exposure factors and BCa risk. Cochran’s Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, and leave-one-out sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, and stability of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in BCa.
Results
Based on the results of MR analysis, we identified 4 inflammation-related cytokines (Neurotrophin-3, IL-2Rβ, 5-hydroxytrptamine and E-selectin) that contributed to poorer outcomes in patients with BCa. In addition, there were 17 immune cells that may play a causal role in BCa. Of these, 9 immune cells and their subtypes were associated with an increased risk of BCa, and 8 were negatively associated with BCa risk. These 8 immune cells belong to HLA DR + T cell subtype, which is a beneficial factor in BCa.
Conclusions
Through genome-wide association studies, we discovered the key involvement of inflammation-related cytokines and immune cells in the coordination of the inflammatory-immune response in BCa. We demonstrated a range of cytokines and immune cell populations that can serve not only as important diagnostic indicators for BCa, but also as key targets for the development of new treatment and prevention strategies.
Reactive Keratin: Harnessing the Power of Polymer Solutions Extracted Hydrothermally from Poultry Feathers and Wool for Eco-Friendly Functional Finishes on Polyester Textiles
Authors: Zemljič Lidija Fras , Čolnik Maja , Fakin Darinka , Pušić Tanja , Bračko Vanessa , Glaser Tjaša Kraševac , Škerget Mojca
Published: April 2024

This research showcases the use of hydrothermally extracted solutions from poultry feathers and wool as eco-friendly and versatile textile finishes. These solutions, derived from waste biomass containing the keratin biopolymer, were obtained through environmentally conscious hydrothermal degradation processes. Initially, the study focused on analysing the chemical parameters and properties of both dialysed and non-dialysed solutions extracted from feathers and wool. The investigation tracked primarily the presence of keratin within these solutions. Upon application to polyester textiles as the reference material, the presence of these solutions on the fabric surface was confirmed successfully. A thorough physicochemical analysis of the treated textiles involved various analytical techniques. These encompassed surface composition analysis via X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), assessment of wettability through Contact Angle measurements, determination of surface charge using surface zeta potential, and examination of the thermal and flame-retardant properties via Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and calorimetric tests. In addition, the colour, UV radiation transmission and antioxidant activity were evaluated using standard tests. The remarkable effects of the treatment have been observed in the exceptional antioxidative action, fire resistance, UV protection and enhanced hydrophilicity of these innovative multifunctional textiles. This approach holds significant implications across research, economics and society, enriching Material Science by deepening the understanding of materials and their multifaceted properties. Moreover, it promotes resource efficiency, opens new sustainable textile market prospects, and contributes to social impact by supporting environmental sustainability, engaging communities and ensuring health and safety benefits.
Long-term prediction modeling of shallow rockburst with small dataset based on machine learning
Authors: Rao Guozhu , Wan Jiazheng , Huang Qiang , Xie Yangjun , Lai Qiande , Yang Zhihua , Xiang Run , Zhang Laiye , Rao Yunzhang
Published: April 2024

Rockburst present substantial hazards in both deep underground construction and shallow depths, underscoring the critical need for accurate prediction methods. This study addresses this need by collecting and analyzing 69 real datasets of rockburst occurring within a 500m burial depth, which poses challenges due to the dataset's multi-categorized, unbalanced, and small nature. Through a rigorous comparison and screening process involving 11 machine learning algorithms and optimization with KMeansSMOKE oversampling, the Random Forest algorithm emerged as the most optimal choice. Efficient adjustment of hyperparameters was achieved using the Optuna framework. The resulting KMSORF model, which integrates KMeansSMOKE, Optuna, and Random Forest, demonstrated superior performance compared to mainstream models such as GB, XBG, and ET. Application of the model in a tungsten mine and tunnel project showcased its ability to accurately forecast rockburst levels, thereby providing valuable insights for risk management in underground construction. Overall, this study contributes to the advancement of safety measures in underground construction by offering an effective predictive model for rockburst occurrences.
Red ginseng prevents doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy by inhibiting cell death via activating the Nrf2 pathway
Authors: Yoshikawa Naoki , Hirata Naoto , Kurone Yuichiro , Shimoeda Sadahiko
Published: April 2024

Background:
Doxorubicin (DXR) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent. DOX-induced cardiomyopathy (DICM), a major limitation of DXR, is a complication with limited treatment options. We previously reported that Red Ginseng (steamed and dried the root of Panax Ginseng cultivated for over six years; RGin) is beneficial for the treatment of DICM. However, the mechanism underlying the action of RGin remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of action underlying the efficacy of RGin in the treatment of DICM.
Methods:
Four-week-old DBA/2 mice were divided into: vehicle, DXR, RGin, and DXR+RGin (n=10/group). Mice were treated with DXR (4 mg/kg, once a week, accumulated 20 mg/kg, i.p.) or RGin (0.5 g/kg, three times a week, i.p.). To evaluate efficacy, the survival rate and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured as a measure of cardiac function, and cardiomyocytes were subjected to Masson trichrome staining. To investigate the mechanism of action, western blotting was performed to evaluate the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase 1, transferrin receptor (TfR), and other related proteins. Data were analyzed using the Easy R software. Between-group comparisons were performed using one-way analysis of variance and analyzed using a post-hoc Tukey test. Survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant in all analyses.
Results:
RGin treatment prolongs survival and protects against reduced LVEF. In the DXR group, Nrf2 was not activated and cell death was accelerated. Furthermore, there was an increase in the TfR levels, suggesting abnormal iron metabolism. However, the DXR+RGin group showed activation of the Nrf2 pathway and suppression of myocardial cell death. Furthermore, there was no increase in TfR expression, suggesting that there were no abnormalities in iron metabolism. Therefore, the mechanism of action of RGin in DICM involves an increase in antioxidant activity and inhibition of cell death through activation of the Nrf2 pathway.
Conclusion:
RGin is a useful therapeutic candidate for DICM. Its efficacy is supported by the activation of the Nrf2 pathway, which enhances antioxidant activity and inhibits cell death.
Phenotypic evolution of SARS-CoV-2 spike during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Furnon Wilhelm , Cowton Vanessa , De Lorenzo Giuditta , Orton Richard , Herder Vanessa , Cantoni Diego , Ilia Georgios , Mendonca Diogo Correa , Kerr Karen , Allan Jay , Upfold Nicole , Meehan Gavin , Bakshi Siddharth , Das Udeet Ranjan , Arias Sergi , McElwee Marion , Little Sarah , Logan Nicola , Kwok Kirsty , Smollett Katherine , Willett Brian , Filipe Ana da Silva , Robertson David , Grove Joe , Patel Arvind , Palmarini Massimo
Published: April 2024

Variants of SARS-CoV-2, defined mainly by mutations in the spike glycoprotein, have emerged throughout the COVID-19 pandemic and will undoubtedly continue to emerge in the future. Spike strongly influences virus phenotype, and it is therefore critical to understand the evolution of this viral protein during distinct phases of the pandemic. Here, we generated a panel of recombinant viruses carrying spike from 27 of the most significant variants, circulating between 2020 and 2024, within an otherwise identical genomic backbone. We systematically assessed phenotypic traits of these viruses both in vitro and in vivo in hamsters. Overall, we determined distinct phenotypic trajectories of spike among and between the variants circulating before (“pre-Omicron") and after (“post-Omicron”) the emergence of Omicron. Spillover of SARS-CoV-2 in the human population was followed by a period of adaptation and fine-tuning to the host in the pre-Omicron variants. Omicron simultaneously “reset” several established phenotypes of previously circulating variants. Since then, spike of post-Omicron variants maintained its enhanced tropism for the nasal epithelium but displayed over time several phenotypic traits typical of the pre-Omicron variants. These data suggest that it may be possible for spike with phenotypic features of both pre- and post-Omicron variants to emerge in the future.
Anti-cancer bioactive peptide induces apoptosis in gastric cancer cells through TP53 signaling cascade
Authors: Suyila Qimuge , Li Xian , Su Xiulan
Published: April 2024

Our previous studies show that anti-cancer bioactive peptide (ACBP) inhibits the initiation and progression of gastric cancer via apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, however, the mechanisms is not clear. Here, we studied the effects of ACBP in three human gastric cancer cell lines, NCI-N87 and MGC-803, and investigated effect of ACBP on the survival and morphology of the cancer cell lines, examined apoptosis and cell cycle progression, detected the expression of TP53, TP63, and TP73 in cancer cells and the expression of Bax, PUMA and Mcl-1 in xenograft mouse model. ACBP inhibited the proliferation of three cancer cells dose-dependently as did the positive control and 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu). The effect of ACBP correlated with the degree of differentiation of cancer cells, the lower the differentiation degree, the stronger the inhibitory effect. After ACBP treatment, TP53, TP63 and TP73 expression was increased in all cell lines. In xenogragft mouse model, ACBP inhibited growth of MGC-803 cell in vivo. Apoptotic related genes Bax and PUMA were up-regulated, and Mcl-1 was down-regulated. ACBP inhibited tumor cell growth by induced apoptosis through TP53 signaling cascade by up-regulating TP53, TP63 and TP73 and its downstream apoptosis promoting genes Bax and PUMA, down-regulating antiapoptotic gene Mcl-1.
RETRACTED: Combining Handcrafted Spatio-temporal and Deep Spatial Features for Effective Human Action Recognition
Authors: Rani Divya , Prabhakar C J
Published: April 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Enhancing Phase Noise Performance in Cross-Coupled LC Oscillators through Switch Transistor Current Shaping
Authors: Yazdani Komeil , Jalali Ali , Hashemipour Omid
Published: April 2024

This paper introduces an innovative structural modification designed to mitigate phase noise in a cross-coupled LC oscillator. The proposed architecture not only reduces phase noise but also elevates the output oscillation frequency. The key mechanism for phase noise reduction lies in the current shaping of switch transistors. This involves minimizing the conduction angle of these transistors precisely at the zero-crossing points of the output oscillation. The oscillator operates within the C-band frequency range at 4.02 GHz. At a 100 KHz offset, the phase noise is measured at -111.25 dBc/Hz, and at a 1 MHz offset, it reaches -132.16 dBc/Hz. Simulations were conducted using Cadence software, implemented in TSMC_0.18μm_RF CMOS technology with a 1.8V supply voltage. The oscillation exhibits a peak-to-peak voltage of 2.26V, accompanied by a power consumption of 4.11mW.
Effects of photoperiod and age on the development of two types of the fat body in the Asian comma butterfly, Polygonia c-aureum (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), in relation to adult diapause
Authors: HIROYOSHI SATOSHI , MITSUNAGA TAKAYUKI , REDDY GADI V.P.
Published: April 2024

Polygonia c-aureum adults of both sexes have two types of fat bodies (small spherical or large long and slender). This butterfly overwinters as adults, and adult diapause is maintained by short day-length (SD) and terminated by long day-length (LD), aging and/or high temperatures. Under SD, both types of fat bodies increased in size with increased adult age until day 40 and then leveled off. Under LD, both fat bodies initially increased but then decreased in size. Since applying JH analog (methoprene) did not affect male fat body development while the accessory glands and simplex developed, we conclude that it was flight behavior, rather than the development of those reproductive organs, that strongly affected the consumption of fat body under virgin conditions. When butterflies of both sexes were kept at 21℃ under SD for 15, 30, or 45 days of adult life and transferred to 5℃ (complete darkness and starved condition), high survival was obtained in butterflies pre-incubated for 30 days. However, in butterflies pre-incubated for 15 or 45 days, survival rates decreased with time under overwintering conditions. The above results suggest that decreasing survival rates in these two treatments were due to insufficient development of the fat body in the former and termination of diapause in the latter. Therefore, we conclude that this butterfly may need sufficient time to develop its fat body to survive overwintering.
Transcriptomics extract the key chromium resistance genes of Cellulomonas
Authors: Li Yongdong , Gao Shengchao , Sun Hongmei , Cao Lianbin , Li Tong , Li Wentong , Li Tongbiao , Wang Mingchneg , Li Enzhong , Ni Hongxia , Chen Yi , Liu Ying
Published: April 2024

Cellulomonas fimi Clb-11 can reduce high toxic Cr (VI) to low toxic Cr (III). In this study, transcriptomics was used to analyze the key genes, which was involved in Cr (VI) uptake and reduction in C. fimi Clb-11. The results showed that when C. fimi Clb-11 was subjected to 0.5 mM Cr (VI) stress, 654 genes were upregulated. Among them, phosphate transport protein encoding gene phoU, inorganic phosphate transport protein encoding gene TC.PIT, and molybdate transport protein encoding genes modA, modB, and modC were involved in the passive uptake of Cr (VI) by C. fimi Clb-11. Cytochrome c subunits encoding genes qcrA and qcrC, as well as cytochrome c oxidase subunits encoding genes coxB and coxC were involved in the intracellular reduction of Cr (VI) by C. fimi Clb-11. Additionally, several unreported genes were found to be upregulated in C. fimi Clb-11 under Cr (VI) stress. Manganese transport protein encoding gene mntH and nickel transport system permease encoding genes ABC.PE.P and ABC.PE.P1 may participate in the passive uptake of Cr (VI) by C. fimi Clb-11. Osmoprotectant transport system ATP-binding protein encoding gene opuA, osmoprotectant transport system substrate-binding protein encoding gene opuC, and osmoprotectant transport system permease encoding gene opuBD may be crucial for maintaining intracellular water content in cells and enhancing the resistance of C. fimi Clb-11 to Cr (VI). Proton pump subunit encoding genes atpA, atpB, atpE, atpF, and atpH, as well as sodium-hydrogen antiporter subunit encoding genes mnhA and mnhC, may be involved in the extracellular proton secretion to reduce Cr (VI) in extracellular. Iron complex transport system substrate-binding protein encoding gene ABC.FEV.S, vacuolar iron transporter encoding gene VIT, FMN reductase gene encoding gene ssuE, and quinone oxidoreductase QOR encoding genes qor and qorB may participate in the intracellular reduction of Cr (VI) by C. fimi Clb-11. The pyruvate dehydrogenase encoding genes pdhA, pdhB, and pdhC, as well as the succinate dehydrogenase encoding genes sdhA, sdhB, and sdhD, may play important roles in supplying electrons for C. fimi Clb-11 to reduce Cr (VI). Our study provides theoretical references for optimizing microbial Cr (VI) resistance and microbial chromium pollution remediation techniques.
Set-membership adaptive filtering algorithm based on hyperbolic tangent kernel fractional p-power method
Authors: Yan First Shaohui , Wu Second Xinyu , Liu Third Jie
Published: April 2024

A well know problem in Kernel Adaptive Filtering (KAF) algorithm is the growing network, where Quantized Kernel Adaptive Filtering (QKAF) is one of the most outstanding solutions. However, the most existing QKAF’s have the problem of large steady-state error. In this paper, based on the sparse perceptual data selection characteristic of Set Membership (SM) algorithm, a kernel member adaptive filtering algorithm is proposed. The proposed kernel SM algorithm features an adaptive step based on the hyperbolic tangent form of instantaneous error, in which the hyperbolic tangent function can compress the scale of the variable, thus weakening the collinearity of the model and further improving the stability of the algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has lower steady-state error and better steady-state performance when the convergence rate is close.
How Does Digital Government Construction Affect Enterprise Exploratory Innovation Orientation? Insights Based on Invention Knowledge Inertia
Authors: Gao Qiaoyi , Ren Zhaoshuai , Sun Tong , Sun Min
Published: April 2024

Following up on digital government construction, will enterprises passively shape the inertia of invention knowledge, and will it affect their exploratory innovation? We explored the impact of digital government construction (DGC) on firms’ exploratory innovation (Exploratory) using data from China’s1528 A-share firms over a decade. We find that DGC significantly promotes Exploratory. Firms are compelled to cultivate invention knowledge inertia (KI) in response to DGC to promote Exploratory. The knowledge openness of the senior leadership team (KOM) moderates the link between KI and Exploratory. Notably, the diversified knowledge of executives with financial backgrounds weakens the DGC→KI, and the effect is obvious in state-owned and high-tech enterprises. While knowledge without such backgrounds strengthens the KI→Exploratory.
This study provides valuable insights into government-enterprise cooperation, emphasizing the role of innovation knowledge inertia in that.
Towards non-invasive PTSD diagnosis: Utilising EEG based Emotion Recognition with the DEAP Database
Authors: M Josephine Mary Juliana , Sudha Gnanou Florence , R Nakkeeran
Published: April 2024

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) poses a significant challenge in mental health diagnosis, necessitating innovative and non-invasive approaches. This paper explores the efficacy of emotion recognition through electroencephalography (EEG) as a potential diagnostic tool for PTSD. Leveraging the rich resource of the DEAP EEG database, this study focuses on employing statistical features, namely mean, standard deviation, kurtosis, and Hjorth parameters, to ascertain emotional states associated with PTSD. This work outlines the pressing need for effective and non-invasive PTSD diagnosis methods, emphasizing the potential of emotion recognition as a groundbreaking approach. EEG, with its ability to capture neural activity in real-time, emerges as a promising biomarker for decoding emotional responses associated with PTSD. The paper employs a 1D Convolutional Neural Network (1D CNN) as the classifier algorithm, demonstrating its efficacy in discriminating between valence, arousal, and liking associated with PTSD-related emotional responses. Results indicate a remarkable classification accuracy of 97.18%, highlighting the potential of the proposed approach for PTSD diagnosis. This research contributes a non-invasive diagnostic method, bridging the gap between neuroscience, emotion recognition, and mental health, ultimately paving the way for more effective and accessible PTSD assessment tools.