bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Involvement of Photoprotective Compounds of a Phenolic Nature in the Response of Arabidopsis Thaliana Leaf Tissues to Low‐Intensity Laser Radiation
Authors: Dudareva Lyubov , Tarasenko Vladislav , Rudikovskaya Elena
Published: May 2020

The influence of low‐intensity laser radiation (LILR) on the changes in the content of anthocyanins, kaempferol, quercetin and their glycosides in the leaves of 5‐week‐old plants of Arabidopsis thaliana L. was studied by means of methods of high‐performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). It was found that in the leaves subjected to a stimulating He‐Ne laser radiation dose (3.6 J cm−2, continuous wave radiation, wavelength—632.8 nm, exposure time—5 min), the radiation induced an increase in the content of such compounds, the most significant one being in the case of anthocyanins (9 times). The present study also revealed an increase in the antioxidant potential of kaempferol, quercetin and their glycosides as a result of laser exposure. This increase was due to the preferential synthesis of compounds with a larger number of OH‐groups on the phenyl ring. Thus, the content of quercetin, which has five OH‐groups in its structure, increased almost by three times as compared to the control.
Oppressive Things*
Authors: Liao Shen‐yi , Huebner Bryce
Published: May 2020

In analyzing oppressive systems like racism, social theorists have articulated accounts of the dynamic interaction and mutual dependence betweenpsychologicalcomponents, such as individuals’ patterns of thought and action, andsocialcomponents, such as formal institutions and informal interactions. We argue for the further inclusion ofphysicalcomponents, such as material artifacts and spatial environments. Drawing on socially situated and ecologically embedded approaches in the cognitive sciences, we argue that physical components of racism are not only shaped by, but also shape psychological and social components of racism. Indeed, while our initial focus is on racism and racist things, we contend that our framework is also applicable to other oppressive systems, including sexism, classism, and ableism. This is because racist things are part of a broader class ofoppressive things,which are material artifacts and spatial environments that are in congruence with an oppressive system.
Antimicrobials in Phytophthora isolation media and the growth of Phytophthora species
Authors: Sarker Suchana R. , McComb Jen , Burgess Treena I. , Hardy Giles E. St. J.
Published: May 2020

Many recently described Phytophthora species detected using high‐throughput sequencing have never been isolated into culture. NARH is a commonly used isolation medium containing cornmeal agar with nystatin 22.72 ppm, ampicillin 100 ppm, rifampicin 10 ppm, and hymexazol 50 ppm. We investigated whether the antimicrobial compounds in this medium selectively inhibit growth of some Phytophthora species. Growth of 10 Phytophthora species from 10 Phytophthora clades was tested in NARH medium with antimicrobials in a range of concentrations, singly and in combination: nystatin 12.5–100 ppm, ampicillin 62.5–500 ppm, rifampicin 5–40 ppm, hymexazol 12.5–100 ppm and in addition, chloramphenicol 5–40 ppm. Two combinations of antimicrobials that supported good growth of the greatest number of species were selected: (a) nystatin 12.5 ppm, ampicillin 250 ppm, rifampicin 10 ppm, and hymexazol 12.5 ppm, and (b) these compounds with the addition of chloramphenicol 5 ppm. Subsequently the growth of 47 Phytophthora species from all clades was tested in media with these two combinations and standard NARH, both in aseptic culture and in plates with leaf baits infected from soils known to be infested with Phytophthora. Although growth of some Phytophthora species was better with the new combinations of antimicrobials in aseptic culture, suppression of competing microorganisms was best in standard NARH. Sensitivity to the NARH antimicrobials is not the reason for the difficulty or failure of isolating many species detected using high‐throughput sequencing. NARH is a robust and appropriate medium for isolation of Phytophthora species from all clades.
An approach to rescue the fertility of stallions with a high level of hemospermia
Authors: Andrade Junior Luiz Roberto P. , Segabinazzi Lorenzo G. T. M. , Oliveira Sidnei N. , Dell'Aqua José Antonio , Papa Frederico O.
Published: May 2020

A high amount of blood and not the mere presence of blood in equine semen impacts fertility. The aim of this study was to develop an approach to rescue the fertility of stallions with high hemospermia levels. Semen from 15 stallions was divided into four experimental groups: (a) Control—pure raw semen, (b) WB50—50% (v/v) whole blood added into semen, (c) E1—WB50 extended in a 1:1 (v/v) ratio with milk‐based extender and (d) E2—WB50 extended in a 2:1 ratio with milk‐based extender. Sperm kinetics, plasma membrane integrity (PMI), lipid peroxidation (PER) and intracellular superoxide (O2) production were immediately evaluated. Four cycles of 20 mares were randomly assigned to the experimental groups. Mares were bred with an insemination dose of 1 billion total sperm and pregnancy was diagnosed 14 days after ovulation. Sperm kinetics could not be evaluated in the WB50 samples. Total motility was lower (p < .05) in E1 than in CT and E2 samples. Progressive motility decreased (p < .05) with an increase in the percentage of blood in the samples. The PMI and PER did not differ between groups (p > .05); however, O2 production was higher (p < .05) in WB50 than in E2 samples, while the values were intermediate (p > .05) for CT and E1 samples. The control (90%) and E2 (90%) groups had superior (p < .05) fertility than the others (WB50—0% and E1—25%). It was concluded that sperm motility and fertility of semen with a large amount of blood can be rescued by dilution with a 2:1 extender:semen ratio using a milk‐based extender.
Roles of immune responses in the pathogenesis of immunorelated pancytopenia
Authors: Xiao Na , Hao Shanfeng , Zhang Yang , Shao Zonghong
Published: May 2020

Some patients with pancytopenia do not conform to any diagnostic criteria of known haematological or non‐haematological diseases; however, they respond well to corticosteroid, high‐dose intravenous immunoglobulin and rituximab treatment. This abnormality is termed immunorelated pancytopenia (IRP). Later studies indicated that IRP might be a kind of autoimmune disease in which T helper (Th) type 2 cell function is enhanced, resulting in the hyperfunction of B lymphocytes, which then produce excess autoantibodies that attack the bone marrow (BM) and cause cytopenia. Hypofunction of regulatory T (Treg) cells and enhanced Th17 cell function, an elevated percentage of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and a decreased percentage of natural killer (NK) cells help to promote the process. Moreover, increased expression of a synergistic stimulator of B lymphocytes, CD70 and the reactive overexpression of the BCR inhibitory coreceptor CD22 also support this claim. Candidate autoantigens targeted by autoantibodies on haematopoietic cell membranes have also been reported in IRP. This review is focused on studies that demonstrate the role of immune responses in the pathogenesis of IRP. Current diagnostic criteria and treatments for IRP are also referenced to provide a thorough understanding. Distinguishing IRP from idiopathic cytopenias of undetermined significance (ICUS) and other haematological disorders, for example myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), aplastic anaemia (AA), paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and Evans syndrome, may help patients with pancytopenia benefit from proper treatment. Further studies are required to achieve new insight into the pathophysiology of IRP with regard to the immune system, which will be instrumental for the development of novel therapies for inhibiting disease initiation and/or progression.
Models and inference for on–off data via clipped Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes
Authors: Stoltenberg Emil Aas , Hjort Nils Lid
Published: May 2020

We introduce a model for recurrent event data subject to left‐, right‐, and intermittent‐censoring. The observations consist of binary sequences (along with covariates) for each individual under study. These sequences are modeled as generated by latent Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes being above or below certain thresholds. Features of the latent process and the thresholds are taken as functions of covariates, allowing the researcher to distinguish factors that have an effect on the frailty, from those that have an effect on the variability, of the observational unit. Inference is achieved by a quasi‐likelihood approach, for which consistency and asymptotic normality is established. An advantage of our model is that particularities regarding the censoring need not be taken actively into account, and that it is well suited for situations where the individuals under study are irregularly and asynchronously observed. The motivation for our model came from a dataset pertaining to the incidence of diarrhoea among Brazilian children growing up under rather harsh conditions. We analyze these data with our model and contrast the results with an intensity‐based counting process analysis of the same data.
Schwartz‐type model selection for ergodic stochastic differential equation models
Authors: Eguchi Shoichi , Uehara Yuma
Published: May 2020

We study theoretical foundation of model comparison for ergodic stochastic differential equation (SDE) models and an extension of the applicable scope of the conventional Bayesian information criterion. Different from previous studies, we suppose that the candidate models are possibly misspecified models, and we consider both Wiener and a pure‐jump Lévy noise‐driven SDE. Based on the asymptotic behavior of the marginal quasi‐log likelihood, the Schwarz‐type statistics and stepwise model selection procedure are proposed. We also prove the model selection consistency of the proposed statistics with respect to an optimal model. We conduct some numerical experiments and they support our theoretical findings.
Isometric exercises do not provide immediate pain relief in Achilles tendinopathy: A quasi‐randomized clinical trial
Authors: van der Vlist Arco C. , van Veldhoven Peter L. J. , van Oosterom Robert F. , Verhaar Jan A. N. , de Vos Robert‐Jan
Published: May 2020

Background

Isometric exercises may provide an immediate analgesic effect in patients with lower‐limb tendinopathy and have been proposed as initial treatment and for immediate pain relief. Current evidence is conflicting, and previous studies were small.

Objective

To study whether isometric exercises result in an immediate analgesic effect in patients with chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy.

Methods

Patients with clinically diagnosed chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy were quasi‐randomized to one of four arms: isometric calf‐muscle exercises (tiptoes), isometric calf‐muscle exercises (dorsiflexed ankle position), isotonic calf‐muscle exercises, or rest. The primary outcome was pain measured on a visual analogue scale (VAS) score (0‐100) during a functional task (10 unilateral hops) both before and after the intervention. Between‐group differences were analyzed using a generalized estimation equations model.

Results

We included 91 patients. There was no significant reduction in pain on the 10 hop test after performing any of the four interventions: isometric (tiptoes) group 0.2, 95%CI −11.2 to 11.5; isometric (dorsiflexed) group −1.9, 95%CI −13.6 to 9.7; isotonic group 1.4, 95%CI −8.3 to 11.1; and rest group 7.2, 95%CI −2.4 to 16.7. There were also no between‐group differences after the interventions.

Conclusion

The isometric exercises investigated in this study did not result in immediate analgesic benefit in patients with chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy. We do not recommend isometric exercises if the aim is providing immediate pain relief. Future research should focus on the use of isometric or isotonic exercise therapy as initial treatment as all exercise protocols used in this study were well‐tolerated.
Association between cardiorespiratory fitness and social cognition in healthy adults
Authors: Ludyga Sebastian , Schilling René , Colledge Flora , Brand Serge , Pühse Uwe , Gerber Markus
Published: May 2020

Purpose

Whereas there is compelling evidence for an association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and executive function and attention, its relation with social cognition has not been investigated yet. However, social cognition is linked with mental health and career success in jobs with high demands on social interaction. The present study aims to examine the association between CRF and the facial emotion recognition aspect of social cognition in police officers.

Methods

The study utilized a cross‐sectional design. 198 male and female participants (aged 38.3 ± 1.3 years) completed the Åstrand submaximal bicycle ergometer test and their CRF was estimated using the Åstrand‐Rhyming nomogram. Additionally, a 2‐choice reaction time task and two facial emotion recognition tasks (labeling and matching) with low (emotion recognition from faces) and high (emotion recognition from eyes) difficulty trials were administered for the assessment of attention and social cognition.

Results

Adjusting for age, gender, education, and attention, hierarchical regression supported higher CRF to be related to higher performance on overall performance on the facial emotion labeling and matching tasks, Beta = 0.141, P = .046. With regard to difficulty levels, a similar association between CRF and task performance was found for the faces condition, Beta = 0.147, P = .043, but not for the eyes condition, Beta = 0.105, P = .132.

Conclusions

Social cognition appears to differ as a function of adults’ CRF level. The present findings have a high relevance for police officers, because they need to rely on this cognitive domain for many decisions in their work‐life.
Motivational processes during physical endurance tasks
Authors: Taylor Ian M. , Smith Kieren , Hunte Raymon
Published: June 2020

Purpose

Motivational processes are insufficiently recognized in models of human endurance. Hence, two studies examined a motivational model proposing that the quality of pre‐task autonomous motivation influences performance at high intensity via the in‐task temptation to reduce effort and value of goal pursuit.

Methods

The studies involved 40 participants each (Study 1:33% female, Mage = 21.55, SD = 1.97; Study 2:45% female, Mage = 22.65, SD = 2.61) completing measures of autonomous motivation prior to a 10‐minute cycling task. Measures of the temptation to reduce effort and value of goal pursuit were taken every minute during the trial (Study 1) or near the midpoint of the trial (Study 2). Data were analyzed using multilevel growth and parallel mediation models.

Results

In both studies, autonomous motivation was associated with lower temptation to reduce effort and higher value of goal pursuit, which were subsequently characteristic of better performance. Study 1 revealed nuances within these relationships depending on whether task initiation or change over time was considered. In Study 2, indirect effects of autonomous motivation on performance via temptation to reduce effort (b = 0.20, 95% CIs 0.03‐0.50) and goal value (b = 0.26, 95% CIs 0.01‐0.44) were evidenced.

Conclusion

Two studies supported a theoretically viable model explaining the dynamics between pre‐task and in‐task motivation underpinning performance at high intensities.
Mobilising the Past: Towards a Conceptualisation of Retro‐Innovation
Authors: Zagata Lukas , Sutherland Lee‐Ann , Hrabák Jiří , Lostak Michal
Published: May 2020

In this article we develop a conceptualisation of retro‐innovation, simply defined as the purposeful revival of historic practices, ideas and/or technologies, and apply this conceptualisation to the analysis of the development of the organic farming movement in the Czech Republic. Within the agricultural sector, we argue that retro‐innovation represents a critical practice, undertaken to counter modernisation trends. Retro‐innovation processes are thus often embedded within social movements. We identify four key mechanisms of retro‐innovation: reflexivity, reminiscence, revival, integration and learning. Drawing on 25 key informant interviews, we demonstrate how the growing critique of socialist collective farms in the 1980s coalesced with new policy supports in the 1990s to enable re‐learning and revival of traditional farming practices, situating organic farming approaches as the revitalisation of positive historical practices. However, as the Czech case demonstrates, the numerous options for and social memories of past innovations can lead to fragmentation of efforts and products.
On the Lp error of the Grenander‐type estimator in the Cox model
Authors: Durot Cécile , Musta Eni
Published: May 2020

We consider the Cox regression model and study the asymptotic global behavior of the Grenander‐type estimator for a monotone baseline hazard function. This model is not included in the general setting of Durot (2007). However, we show that a similar central limit theorem holds for Lp‐error of the Grenander‐type estimator. As an illustration of application of our main result, we propose a test procedure for a Weibull baseline distribution, based on the Lp‐distance between the Grenander estimator and a parametric estimator of the baseline hazard. Simulation studies are performed to investigate the performance of this test.
Full‐length sequence of the MICA allele, MICA*067, identified in a Chinese individual
Authors: Nie D.‐M. , Xu Y.‐P. , Gao S.‐Q.
Published: May 2020

MICA*067 differs from MICA*004:01:01 by a single nucleotide change in exon 3, 374 A>G.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐DQA1*05:05:05 allele by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: Cargou Marine , Andreani Marco , Giustiniani Paola , Blouin Laura , Visentin Jonathan
Published: May 2020

HLA‐DQA1*05:05:05 differs from HLA‐DQA1*05:05:01:07 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 111 in exon 3.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐C*03:517 allele by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: Cargou Marine , Elsermans Vincent , Top Isabelle , Ralazamahaleo Mamy , Visentin Jonathan
Published: May 2020

HLA‐C*03:517 differs from HLA‐C*03:03:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 319 in exon 6.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐A*26:199 allele by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: Cargou Marine , Elsermans Vincent , Top Isabelle , Blouin Laura , Visentin Jonathan
Published: May 2020

HLA‐A*26:199 differs from HLA‐A*26:01:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 261 in exon 4.
Outcome of COVID‐19 in liver transplant recipients: A preliminary report from Northwestern Italy
Authors: Patrono Damiano , Lupo Francesco , Canta Francesca , Mazza Elena , Mirabella Stefano , Corcione Silvia , Tandoi Francesco , De Rosa Francesco Giuseppe , Romagnoli Renato
Published: June 2020

Covid‐19 pandemic is deeply affecting transplant activity worldwide. It is unclear whether solid organ transplant recipients are at increased risk of developing severe complications and how they should be managed, also concerning immunosuppression. This is a report about the course and management of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in liver transplant recipients from a single center in Northwestern Italy in the period March‐April 2020. Three patients who were treated at our institution are reported in detail, whereas summary data are provided for those managed at peripheral Hospitals. Presentation varied from asymptomatic to rapidly progressive respiratory failure due to bilateral interstitial pneumonia. Accordingly, treatment and changes to immunosuppression were adapted to the severity of the disease. Overall mortality was 20%, whereas Covid‐related mortality was 10%. Two cases of prolonged (>2 months) viral carriage were observed in two asymptomatic patients who contracted the infection in the early course after transplant. Besides depicting Covid‐19 course and possible treatment scenarios in liver transplant patients, these cases are discussed in relation to the changes in our practice prompted by Covid‐19 epidemic, with potential implications for other transplant programs.
Do fluctuations in crude oil prices have symmetric or asymmetric effects on the real exchange rate? Empirical evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Baek Jungho , Choi Yoon Jung
Published: May 2020

Current research on the oil price impacts on exchange rates typically relies on the assumption that fluctuations in crude oil prices have symmetric impacts on a country's real exchange rate. Thus, the contribution of the paper is to use the non‐linear autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method of Shin, Yu, and Greenwood‐Nimmo (2014) and examine whether crude oil prices are asymmetrically passed on to the real exchange rate in the case of Indonesia. We uncover that oil price changes indeed asymmetrically affect the Indonesian rupiah in both the long and short run; i.e., the movement in the Indonesian rupiah appears to be more responsive to rising oil prices than to declining oil prices.
The not‐so‐generalised effects of the Generalized System of Preferences
Authors: Ornelas Emanuel , Ritel Marcos
Published: May 2020

We use an empirical gravity equation to study how non‐reciprocal trade preferences (NRTPs), enacted mainly through the Generalized System of Preferences, affect the exports of the beneficiary nations. In line with existing studies, the average trade effect stemming from non‐reciprocal preferences is highly unstable across specifications. However, once we allow for heterogeneous effects, results become robust and economically important. Specifically, NRTPs have a strong effect on the exports of beneficiaries when they are members of the World Trade Organization and are very poor. Not‐so‐poor beneficiaries also expand foreign sales, but only if they are not WTO members. For all others, the average export effects of NRTPs are mute.
Assessing the environmental and economic efficacy of two integrated constructed wetlands at mitigating eutrophication risk from sewage effluent
Authors: Cooper Richard J. , Hawkins Elizabeth , Locke Jake , Thomas Terry , Tosney Jonah
Published: May 2020

The nutrient removal efficiency of two integrated constructed wetlands (ICWs) installed at commercial wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Norfolk, UK, is assessed – the River Ingol ICW (1 year old) and the River Mun ICW (5 years old). Analysing water samples collected across the ICWs between February and September 2019, significant reductions in both effluent nutrient concentration and load were recorded. At the River Mun ICW, mean nitrate and phosphate concentrations were reduced by ~63% across the wetland, whilst nutrient loadings were reduced by ~57%. At the River Ingol ICW, mean nitrate and phosphate concentrations were reduced by ~30%, whilst nutrient loadings were reduced by ~70%. Economically, the total capital cost of both ICWs was comparable at £31‐39 per person served. Overall, this study demonstrates ICWs can significantly reduce the eutrophication risk associated with WWTP discharges and can do so whilst providing a cost‐effective alternative to conventional tertiary wastewater treatment.
Solid organ xenotransplantation at the interface between research and clinical development: Regulatory aspects
Authors: Schuurman Henk‐Jan , Hoogendoorn Karin
Published: June 2020

During the last years, progress has been made in survival and function of pig‐to‐non‐human primate organ xenotransplantation using organs from genetically modified pigs and immunosuppression regimens that are clinically acceptable. This, together with increased insights into a low risk of pig‐to‐human transmission of porcine endogenous retrovirus, has opened the perspective of starting with first‐in‐human trials with xenogeneic organs. The regulatory path to clinical development is complex. Unlike an organ from human donors, an organ from pigs, either genetically modified or wild‐type pigs, is considered a medicinal product for human use and hence is under regulatory oversight, in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration and in Europe by the national competent authorities of the member states as well as the European Medicines Agency. Related to the status of medicinal product, “(current) good practices” apply in the process of generating a xenogeneic organ through to the transplantation into a patient and life‐long follow‐up. In addition, guidances for xenotransplantation products and genetically modified organisms do apply as well. This commentary focuses on regulatory aspects of transplantation of organs from genetically modified pigs into humans, with the intention to facilitate the interactions between regulatory agencies and institutions (sponsors) in research and clinical development of these organs, to support the perspective of speeding up the process with a proper entry in clinical application, to fill an unmet medical need in patients with end‐stage organ disease.
Molecular phylogeny and diversity of penaeid shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) from South‐East Asian waters
Authors: Hurzaid Amirah , Chan Tin‐Yam , Mohd Nor Siti Azizah , Muchlisin Zainal Abidin , Chen Wei‐Jen
Published: May 2020

The decapod family Penaeidae comprises most of the economically important marine shrimp species. Its members are widespread throughout the world, with its highest species diversity centred in the Indo‐West Pacific region. Despite this importance, their taxonomy, classification and phylogeny are not yet settled due in part to incongruence among hypotheses proposed from molecular versus morphological studies. In this study, using a thorough taxonomic sampling of especially the South‐East Asian species, we aim to (a) utilize a reconstructed phylogeny to test the monophyly of the Penaeidae and its currently recognized genera and (b) explore its species diversity in South‐East Asian waters. To infer the phylogeny, a combined gene data set (including 109 ingroup and six outgroup taxa) of mitochondrial genes, COI and 16S rRNA, and two nuclear genes, NaK and PEPCK, was utilized. To explore its diversity, another data set that included 371 COI gene sequences (231 newly generated and 140 retrieved from public sources) was compiled and subsequently analysed with two different tools (ABGD and bPTP) for species delimitation. Other than supporting the non‐monophyly of the Penaeidae with the Sicyoniidae nested within the penaeid tribe Trachypenaeini, the genera Penaeus, Mierspenaeopsis and Parapenaeopsis were also revealed to be polyphyletic. Our species delimitation analysis inferred that 94 putative species actually existed within the 71 morphospecies reviewed, indicating an underestimated biodiversity in this family and the potential presence of new species within the following morphospecies: Kishinouyepenaeopsis cornuta, K. incisa, Mierspenaeopsis sculptilis, M hardwicki, Parapenaeopsis coromandelica and Penaeus monodon.
The Experiential Nature of Coach Education Within a Positive Youth Development Perspective: Implications for Practice and Research
Authors: Newman Tarkington J. , Santos Fernando , Cardoso António , Pereira Paulo
Published: June 2020

Coaches’ role in positive youth development (PYD) has been extensively studied around the globe. Coach education has been considered crucial in helping foster PYD outcomes, such as emotional regulation, goal setting, and leadership. Thus, several researchers have attempted to provide a comprehensive understanding about how experiential learning could be utilized within PYD-focused coach education programs. The purpose of this article was to provide insight on the implications for research and practice associated with the integration of experiential learning opportunities within PYD-focused coach education. The authors shed light on how the existent literature on experiential learning may help bridge the gap between the delivery of PYD-focused coach education programs and actual coaching practices. Implications for research and practice are discussed in order to provide insight on how PYD-focused coach education programs could be configured to effectively train coaches and enhance their ability to promote PYD outcomes, such as life skill development, among youth athletes across a range of contexts.
Building Inclusive Communities in Youth Sport for Lesbian-Parented Families
Authors: Trussell Dawn E.
Published: June 2020

This interpretative study examines the complexities of lesbian parents’ experiences in organized youth sport programs. Specifically, it seeks to understand youth sport as a potential site for social change that facilitates a sense of inclusive community for diverse family structures. Using thematic analysis, the author examines perspectives of nine participants from Australia, Canada, and the United States. Emphasis is placed on how the lesbian parents (a) negotiate heightened visibility, sexual stigma, and parental judgment; (b) foster social relationships through participation, volunteerism, and positive role models; and (c) create shared understanding toward building an inclusive sport culture. The findings call attention to the importance of intentional and unintentional acts (by families as well as sport organizations) that create a sense of community and an inclusive organizational culture. The connection of lesbian parents’ experiences to broader concepts, such as sexual stigma and transformative services, are also examined within the context of youth sport.
Origin of micrometer-scale dislocation motion during hydrogen desorption
Authors: Koyama Motomichi , Taheri-Mousavi Seyedeh Mohadeseh , Yan Haoxue , Kim Jinwoo , Cameron Benjamin Clive , Moeini-Ardakani Seyed Sina , Li Ju , Tasan Cemal Cem
Published: June 2020

Hydrogen segregation at grain boundaries induces micrometer-scale dislocation motion.
Cryo-EM structure of NPF-bound human Arp2/3 complex and activation mechanism
Authors: Zimmet Austin , Van Eeuwen Trevor , Boczkowska Malgorzata , Rebowski Grzegorz , Murakami Kenji , Dominguez Roberto
Published: June 2020

A cryo-EM structure and functional study show that Arp2/3 complex activation requires NPF-mediated delivery of actin to both Arps.
Response to comment on “Typical physics Ph.D. admissions criteria limit access to underrepresented groups but fail to predict doctoral completion”
Authors: Miller Casey W. , Zwickl Benjamin M. , Posselt Julie R. , Silvestrini Rachel T. , Hodapp Theodore
Published: June 2020

Additional analysis confirms that GRE-Q and GRE-P scores have limited reliability in predicting Ph.D. completion in physics.
O-coordinated W-Mo dual-atom catalyst for pH-universal electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Yang Yang , Qian Yumin , Li Haijing , Zhang Zhenhua , Mu Yuewen , Do David , Zhou Bo , Dong Jing , Yan Wenjun , Qin Yong , Fang Li , Feng Renfei , Zhou Jigang , Zhang Peng , Dong Juncai , Yu Guihua , Liu Yuanyue , Zhang Xianming , Fan Xiujun
Published: June 2020

The W
1
Mo
1
-NG dual-atom catalyst enables Pt-like activity and ultrahigh stability for hydrogen evolution reaction.
Water- and acid-stable self-passivated dihafnium sulfide electride and its persistent electrocatalytic reaction
Authors: Kang Se Hwang , Bang Joonho , Chung Kyungwha , Nandadasa Chandani N. , Han Gyeongtak , Lee Subin , Lee Kyu Hyoung , Lee Kimoon , Ma Yanming , Oh Sang Ho , Kim Seong-Gon , Kim Young-Min , Kim Sung Wng
Published: June 2020

Water- and acid-stable electride realizes a sustainable electrocatalytic reaction as an efficient solid-state electron source.
Irinotecan inducing sinus pause bradycardia in a patient with small round cell cancer
Authors: Mir Tanveer Ahmad , Yassin Ahmed S , Denha Eric Joseph , Shaikhli Raad Al , Rahim Ali , Ambreen Sabah , Lohia Prateek
Published: May 2020

Irinotecan is a novel anticancer drug that has worked wonders in combination with other anticancer drugs. It can be used as a single chemotherapy agent in colonic cancer treatment or in combination with 5-fluorouracil. Irinotecan has been found a better salvage therapy in patients who are resistant to 5-fluorouracil. It is also used in combination with cisplatin and other drugs for cancers such as pleural mesothelioma, Ewing’s sarcoma, lung cancer and others, and has helped reduce tumour burden. Irinotecan is generally associated with gastrointestinal side effects including nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea, while cardiovascular toxicity (5%) has been reported mainly as vasodilatation and possible bradycardia with no known incidence. A case was reported in 1998 by Miyaet alof a 65-year-old man with bradycardia which was managed with atropine without modifications in the dosage of irinotecan or in the rate of infusion. We report a case of a patient with small round cell cancer who presented with sinus pause bradycardia after infusion with irinotecan. The patient was managed with atropine during chemotherapy.
Unusual presentation of idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Alboudi Ayman , Johnson Emily C
Published: May 2020

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension typically presents with holocephalic headache associated with nausea, vomiting and bilateral papilledema. Involvement of the sixth cranial nerve is relatively common. The involvement of other cranial nerves, however, is rare in this disorder. We describe a patient with idiopathic intracranial hypertension who presented with episodic unilateral retro-orbital pain and multiple cranial nerve abnormalities without papilledema. Imaging studies excluded alternate diagnoses, and the immediate resolution of symptoms after lumbar puncture confirmed that these symptoms were due to intracranial hypertension. Atypical presentations of such a disabling yet treatable disorder is very important to recognise and address.
Insulin pricing and other major diabetes-related concerns in the USA: a study of 46 407 tweets between 2017 and 2019
Authors: Ahne Adrian , Orchard Francisco , Tannier Xavier , Perchoux Camille , Balkau Beverley , Pagoto Sherry , Harding Jessica Lee , Czernichow Thomas , Fagherazzi Guy
Published: June 2020

Introduction

Little research has been done to systematically evaluate concerns of people living with diabetes through social media, which has been a powerful tool for social change and to better understand perceptions around health-related issues. This study aims to identify key diabetes-related concerns in the USA and primary emotions associated with those concerns using information shared on Twitter.

Research design and methods

A total of 11.7 million diabetes-related tweets in English were collected between April 2017 and July 2019. Machine learning methods were used to filter tweets with personal content, to geolocate (to the USA) and to identify clusters of tweets with emotional elements. A sentiment analysis was then applied to each cluster.

Results

We identified 46 407 tweets with emotional elements in the USA from which 30 clusters were identified; 5 clusters (18% of tweets) were related to insulin pricing with both positive emotions (joy, love) referring to advocacy for affordable insulin andsadnessemotions related to the frustration of insulin prices, 5 clusters (12% of tweets) to solidarity and support with a majority ofjoyandloveemotions expressed. The most negative topics (10% of tweets) were related to diabetes distress (24%sadness,27%anger, 21%fearelements), to diabetic and insulin shock (45%anger, 46%fear) and comorbidities (40%sadness).

Conclusions

Using social media data, we have been able to describe key diabetes-related concerns and their associated emotions. More specifically, we were able to highlight the real-world concerns of insulin pricing and its negative impact on mood. Using such data can be a useful addition to current measures that inform public decision making around topics of concern and burden among people with diabetes.
Guide to performing equine castration
Authors: Woodford Nigel
Published: June 2020

Background:The behaviour of the adult entire male horse is often undesirable and the vastly eased management of the more biddable gelding means that clients often request castration of their horses. It can be an intimidating procedure due to the potential serious complications and the associated health and safety considerations. A good solid approach to the clinical aspects of castration and its complications helps provide the practitioner with confidence to undertake this surgery. Owners perceive this as a routine procedure, but their frequent requirement for the surgery to be conducted at their premises with only their assistance renders this an operation that demands careful discussion and thereby informed consent.

Aim of the article:This article provides a guide to performing castrations in horses and discusses the common complications and their management.
Safety, immunogenicity, and clinical efficacy of durvalumab in combination with folate receptor alpha vaccine TPIV200 in patients with advanced ovarian cancer: a phase II trial
Authors: Zamarin Dmitriy , Walderich Sven , Holland Aliya , Zhou Qin , Iasonos Alexia E , Torrisi Jean M , Merghoub Taha , Chesebrough Lewis F , Mcdonnell Autumn S , Gallagher Jacqueline M , Li Yanyun , Hollmann Travis J , Grisham Rachel N , Erskine Courtney L , Block Mathew S , Knutson Keith L , O’Cearbhaill Roisin E , Aghajanian Carol , Konner Jason A
Published: June 2020

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to date have demonstrated limited activity in advanced ovarian cancer (OC). Folate receptor alpha (FRα) is overexpressed in the majority of OCs and presents an attractive target for a combination immunotherapy to potentially overcome resistance to ICI in OCs. The current study sought to examine clinical and immunologic responses to TPIV200, a multiepitope FRα vaccine administered with programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor durvalumab in patients with advanced platinum-resistant OC.

Methods

Following Simon two-stage phase II trial design, 27 patients were enrolled. Treatment was administered in 28-day cycles (intradermal TPIV200 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) for 6 cycles and intravenous durvalumab for 12 cycles). Primary endpoints included overall response rate and progression-free survival at 24 weeks. Translational parameters focused on tumor microenvironment, PD-L1 and FRα expression, and peripheral vaccine-specific immune responses.

Results

Treatment was well tolerated, with related grade 3 toxicity rate of 18.5%. Increased T cell responses to the majority of peptides were observed in all patients at 6 weeks (p<0.0001). There was one unconfirmed partial response (3.7%) and nine patients had stable disease (33.3%). Clinical benefit was not associated with baseline FRα or PD-L1 expression. One patient with prolonged clinical benefit demonstrated loss of FRα expression and upregulation of PD-L1 in a progressing lesion. Despite the low overall response rate, the median overall survival was 21 months (13.5–∞), with evidence of benefit from postimmunotherapy regimens.

Conclusions

Combination of TPIV200 and durvalumab was safe and elicited robust FRα-specific T cell responses in all patients. Unexpectedly durable survival in this heavily pretreated population highlights the need to investigate the impact of FRα vaccination on the OC biology post-treatment.
Technical aspects of web device in aneurysm treatment
Authors: Peterson Jeremy , Goyal Nitin , Arthur Adam S , Fiorella David
Published: May 2020

Wide-neck bifurcation aneurysms (WNBAs) make up 26–36% of all brain aneurysms. Intrasaccular flow disruption is an innovative technique for the treatment of WNBAs. The Woven EndoBridge (WEB) device (Sequent Medical, Aliso Viejo, California USA) is the only United States Food and Drug Administration approved intrasaccular flow disruption device. In this video article, a few cases of intracranial aneurysms treated with the WEB device are presented and various aspects of treating WNBAs with the WEB device, including aneurysm/device selection strategies, and procedural technique, are discussed (video 1).
Lactoferrin levels in cervical fluid from in vitro fertilization (IVF) patients — correlation with IVF parameters
Authors: Massa Estefanía , Pelusa Fabián , Lo Celso Agustina , Madariaga María José , Filocco Luciana , Morente Carlos , Ghersevich Sergio
Published: May 2020

Since our previous results suggest that lactoferrin (LF) might have roles in the reproductive process and that its levels might change in the female tract as a response to various factors, the aim of this investigation was to assess whether LF levels in cervical secretions correlate with reproductive parameters from in vitro fertilization (IVF) patients. Cervical fluid samples were obtained from 34 women under 40 years old enrolled for assisted reproduction techniques, and LF concentration was measured. The mean total protein concentration in all cervical fluid samples was 842.8 ± 116.9 µg/mL. The mean concentration of LF was 0.73 ± 0.06 ng LF/µg of total proteins. We observed that higher LF levels in cervical fluid correlated with lower IVF rates when all patients were analyzed; this negative correlation was also sustained when only patients ≥35 years were studied. The mean LF concentration in cervical fluid was significantly lower among patients with normal IVF rates than in those with values 50% or less. Using a LF cutoff value of 0.83 ng/μg of total proteins, the study revealed a significant association between the LF levels below 0.83 ng/µg of total proteins and IVF rates above 50%. LF levels in cervical mucus could potentially be used as a marker of fertilization outcome.
Haldane insulator in the 1D nearest-neighbor extended Bose-Hubbard model with cavity-mediated long-range interactions
Authors: Sicks Johannes , Rieger Heiko
Published: June 2020

In the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model with on-site and nearest-neighbor interactions, a gapped phase characterized by an exotic non-local order parameter emerges, the Haldane insulator. Bose-Hubbard models with cavity-mediated global range interactions display phase diagrams, which are very similar to those with nearest-neighbor repulsive interactions, but the Haldane phase remains elusive there. Here we study the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model with nearest-neighbor and cavity-mediated global-range interactions and scrutinize the existence of a Haldane Insulator phase. With the help of extensive quantum Monte-Carlo simulations we find that in the Bose-Hubbard model with only cavity-mediated global-range interactions no Haldane phase exists. For a combination of both interactions, the Haldane Insulator phase shrinks rapidly with increasing strength of the cavity-mediated global-range interactions. Thus, in spite of the otherwise very similar behavior the mean-field like cavity-mediated interactions strongly suppress the non-local order favored by nearest-neighbor repulsion in some regions of the phase diagram.

Graphical abstract
Spiking Neural P Systems with Extended Channel Rules
Authors: Lv Zeqiong , Bao Tingting , Zhou Nan , Peng Hong , Huang Xiangnian , Riscos-Núñez Agustín , Pérez-Jiménez Mario J.
Published: June 2020

This paper discusses a new variant of spiking neural P systems (in short, SNP systems), spiking neural P systems with extended channel rules (in short, SNP–ECR systems). SNP–ECR systems are a class of distributed parallel computing models. In SNP–ECR systems, a new type of spiking rule is introduced, called ECR. With an ECR, a neuron can send the different numbers of spikes to its subsequent neurons. Therefore, SNP–ECR systems can provide a stronger firing control mechanism compared with SNP systems and the variant with multiple channels. We discuss the Turing universality of SNP–ECR systems. It is proven that SNP–ECR systems as number generating/accepting devices are Turing universal. Moreover, we provide a small universal SNP–ECR system as function computing devices.
A Three-Stage Coarse-Fine-Tuning Analog-Assisted Digital LDO
Authors: Liu Lianxi , Chen Yiwei , Liao Xufeng , Mu Junchao , Yang Yintang
Published: May 2020

This paper proposes a three-stage coarse-fine-tuning analog-assisted digital low dropout regulator (AAD-LDO) without digital ripple. The digital regulation consists of two stages, which break the accuracy-speed-power trade-off. To further improve transient response, a step-variable counter used in the first stage is designed, which makes sure that the output current can track the load current rapidly. The ripple caused by the digital regulation disappears due to the existence of the analog-assistant stage (in the proposed AAD-LDO). As a result, the AAD-LDO achieves the output voltage with high accuracy. Designed in a 0.18[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m CMOS process, the proposed AAD-LDO has a layout area of 0.133[Formula: see text]mm. For the input range of 1.2–1.8[Formula: see text]V, the output voltage is 1[Formula: see text]V. The maximum load current is 10[Formula: see text]mA at the input voltage of 1.2[Formula: see text]V. The linear regulation and load regulation are 0.061[Formula: see text]mV/V and 0.0082[Formula: see text]mV/mA, respectively. The over/undershoot is suppressed effectively for a 9.5[Formula: see text]mA load step. The peak current efficiency is 99.78%.
Satellite knots and trivializing bands
Authors: Armas-Sanabria Lorena , Eudave-Muñoz Mario
Published: May 2020

We show an infinite family of satellite knots that can be unknotted by a single band move, but such that there is no band unknotting the knots which is disjoint from the satellite torus.
Links in surfaces and Laplacian modules
Authors: Silver Daniel S. , Williams Susan G.
Published: June 2020

Laplacian matrices of signed graphs in surfaces [Formula: see text] are used to define module and polynomial invariants of [Formula: see text]-homologically trivial links in [Formula: see text]. Information about virtual genus is obtained.
Solving of the Schrodinger equation analytically with an approximated scheme of the Woods–Saxon potential by the systematical method of Nikiforov–Uvarov
Authors: Yazdankish Enayatolah
Published: May 2020

The analytic solutions of the Schrodinger equation for the Woods–Saxon (WS) potential and also for the generalized WS potential are obtained for the [Formula: see text]-wave nonrelativistic spectrum, with an approximated form of the WS potential and centrifugal term. Due to this fact that the potential is an exponential type and the centrifugal is a radial term, we have to use an approximated scheme. First, the Nikiforov–Uvarov (NU) method is introduced in brief, which is a systematical method, and then Schrodinger equation is solved analytically. Energy eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenvector are derived analytically by using the NU method. After that, the generalized WS potential is discussed at the end.
SELECTED BIS-THIADIAZOLE: SYNTHESIS AND CORROSION INHIBITION STUDIES ON MILD STEEL IN HCL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: SALMAN ABBAS Z. , JAWAD QUSAY A. , RIDAH KHALID S. , SHAKER LINA M. , AL-AMIERY AHMED A.
Published: May 2020

The inhibition effect of synthesized corrosion inhibitor namely 5,5′-(1,4-phenylene)bis([Formula: see text]-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine) (PBPA) on the corrosion of mild steel in 1-M hydrochloric acid environment are examined by gravimetric techniques at various temperature (303–343 K). The synthesized inhibitor concentrations are 0.1–0.5[Formula: see text]mM. The inhibition efficiency increased with the increase of the inhibitor concentration. The inhibition efficiency reached 94% at the highest studied concentration of 0.5[Formula: see text]mM for 5[Formula: see text]h of immersion time and 303[Formula: see text]K. Moreover, the inhibition efficiency decreased with the temperature increase. The adsorption of tested inhibitor molecules on the surface of mild steel follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The studied inhibitor molecules showed excellent inhibition since PBPA molecules have nitrogen and sulfur atoms in addition to phenyl and thiadiazol rings which were linked together in conjugation system.