bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consensus on criteria for acromegaly diagnosis and remission
Authors: Giustina Andrea , Biermasz Nienke , Casanueva Felipe F. , Fleseriu Maria , Mortini Pietro , Strasburger Christian , van der Lely A. J. , Wass John , Melmed Shlomo ,   Acromegaly Consensus Group, Banfi Giuseppe , Barkan Ariel , Beckers Albert , Bidlingmaier Martin , Boguszewski Cesar , Brue Thierry , Buchfelder Michael , Chanson Philippe , Chiloiro Sabrina , Colao Annamaria , Coopmans Eva , Esposito Daniela , Ferone Diego , Frara Stefano , Gadelha Mônica , Geer Eliza B. , Ghigo Ezio , Greenman Yona , Gurnell Mark , Ho Ken , Ioachimescu Adriana , Johannsson Gudmundur , Jørgensen Jens Otto , Kaiser Ursula B. , Karavitaki Niki , Katznelson Laurence , Lamberts Stephen , Losa Marco , Luger Anton , Luque Raúl , Maffei Pietro , Marazuela Mónica , Neggers Sebastian , Pereira Alberto , Persani Luca , Petersenn Stephan , Reincke Martin , Salvatori Roberto , Samson Susan N. , Schilbach Katharina , Shimon Ilan , Tsagarakis Stylianos , Zatelli Maria Chiara
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The 14th Acromegaly Consensus Conference was convened to consider biochemical criteria for acromegaly diagnosis and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy.

Methods

Fifty-six acromegaly experts from 16 countries reviewed and discussed current evidence focused on biochemical assays; criteria for diagnosis and the role of imaging, pathology, and clinical assessments; consequences of diagnostic delay; criteria for remission and recommendations for follow up; and the value of assessment and monitoring in defining disease progression, selecting appropriate treatments, and maximizing patient outcomes.

Results

In a patient with typical acromegaly features, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I > 1.3 times the upper limit of normal for age confirms the diagnosis. Random growth hormone (GH) measured after overnight fasting may be useful for informing prognosis, but is not required for diagnosis. For patients with equivocal results, IGF-I measurements using the same validated assay can be repeated, and oral glucose tolerance testing might also be useful. Although biochemical remission is the primary assessment of treatment outcome, biochemical findings should be interpreted within the clinical context of acromegaly. Follow up assessments should consider biochemical evaluation of treatment effectiveness, imaging studies evaluating residual/recurrent adenoma mass, and clinical signs and symptoms of acromegaly, its complications, and comorbidities. Referral to a multidisciplinary pituitary center should be considered for patients with equivocal biochemical, pathology, or imaging findings at diagnosis, and for patients insufficiently responsive to standard treatment approaches.

Conclusion

Consensus recommendations highlight new understandings of disordered GH and IGF-I in patients with acromegaly and the importance of expert management for this rare disease.
Extreme Solar Events: Setting up a Paradigm
Authors: Usoskin Ilya , Miyake Fusa , Baroni Melanie , Brehm Nicolas , Dalla Silvia , Hayakawa Hisashi , Hudson Hugh , Jull A. J. Timothy , Knipp Delores , Koldobskiy Sergey , Maehara Hiroyuki , Mekhaldi Florian , Notsu Yuta , Poluianov Stepan , Rozanov Eugene , Shapiro Alexander , Spiegl Tobias , Sukhodolov Timofei , Uusitalo Joonas , Wacker Lukas
Published: November 2023

The Sun is magnetically active and often produces eruptive events on different energetic and temporal scales. Until recently, the upper limit of such events was unknown and believed to be roughly represented by direct instrumental observations. However, two types of extreme events were discovered recently: extreme solar energetic particle events on the multi-millennial time scale and super-flares on sun-like stars. Both discoveries imply that the Sun might rarely produce events, called extreme solar events (ESE), whose energy could be orders of magnitude greater than anything we have observed during recent decades. During the years following these discoveries, great progress has been achieved in collecting observational evidence, uncovering new events, making statistical analyses, and developing theoretical modelling. The ESE paradigm lives and is being developed. On the other hand, many outstanding questions still remain open and new ones emerge. Here we present an overview of the current state of the art and the forming paradigm of ESE from different points of view: solar physics, stellar–solar projections, cosmogenic-isotope data, modelling, historical data, as well as terrestrial, technological and societal effects of ESEs. Special focus is paid to open questions and further developments. This review is based on the joint work of the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) team #510 (2020–2022).
HelioSwarm: A Multipoint, Multiscale Mission to Characterize Turbulence
Authors: Klein Kristopher G. , Spence Harlan , Alexandrova Olga , Argall Matthew , Arzamasskiy Lev , Bookbinder Jay , Broeren Theodore , Caprioli Damiano , Case Anthony , Chandran Benjamin , Chen Li-Jen , Dors Ivan , Eastwood Jonathan , Forsyth Colin , Galvin Antoinette , Genot Vincent , Halekas Jasper , Hesse Michael , Hine Butler , Horbury Tim , Jian Lan , Kasper Justin , Kretzschmar Matthieu , Kunz Matthew , Lavraud Benoit , Le Contel Olivier , Mallet Alfred , Maruca Bennett , Matthaeus William , Niehof Jonathan , O’Brien Helen , Owen Christopher , Retinò Alessandro , Reynolds Christopher , Roberts Owen , Schekochihin Alexander , Skoug Ruth , Smith Charles , Smith Sonya , Steinberg John , Stevens Michael , Szabo Adam , TenBarge Jason , Torbert Roy , Vasquez Bernard , Verscharen Daniel , Whittlesey Phyllis , Wickizer Brittany , Zank Gary , Zweibel Ellen
Published: November 2023

HelioSwarm (HS) is a NASA Medium-Class Explorer mission of the Heliophysics Division designed to explore the dynamic three-dimensional mechanisms controlling the physics of plasma turbulence, a ubiquitous process occurring in the heliosphere and in plasmas throughout the universe. This will be accomplished by making simultaneous measurements at nine spacecraft with separations spanning magnetohydrodynamic and sub-ion spatial scales in a variety of near-Earth plasmas. In this paper, we describe the scientific background for the HS investigation, the mission goals and objectives, the observatory reference trajectory and instrumentation implementation before the start of Phase B. Through multipoint, multiscale measurements, HS promises to reveal how energy is transferred across scales and boundaries in plasmas throughout the universe.
Influence of Annealing Temperature on the Structural and Luminescence Features and Thermoluminescence Trap Parameters of Ca2Al2SiO7: Ce3+ Phosphors
Authors: Saraswathi A. Vidya , Naregundi Karunakara , Sayyed M. I. , Almousa Nouf. , Kamath Sudha D.
Published: November 2023

Cerium-doped Ca2Al2SiO7 phosphors were synthesized via the combustion technique and annealed at 1073 K, 1173 K, and 1373 K. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photoluminescence (PL), and thermoluminescence (TL) studies were performed to explore the variation of structural, morphological, luminescence, and TL properties with annealing temperature. The XRD plot showed an increase in crystallinity with an increase in annealing temperature. Similarly, the enhancement of PL intensity with an increase in annealing temperature supports the increased crystallinity of the phosphor samples. Detailed analysis of traps and trap parameters was carried out using the principle of TL. Samples were irradiated with different γ-ray doses, and, on heating, luminescence was observed. Thus, TL glow curves were drawn and deconvoluted using computerized glow curve deconvolution (CGCD) and Chen’s peak shape method to study the traps and trap parameters. With increasing annealing temperature, an increase in TL intensity was observed. Regardless of annealing temperature, every sample displayed a linear dose–response for doses ranging from 3 Gy to 500 Gy. TL investigations suggested that the produced phosphors are suitable candidates for gamma dosimetry applications.
Functional Roles of CD133: More than Stemness Associated Factor Regulated by the Microenvironment
Authors: Moreno-Londoño Angela Patricia , Robles-Flores Martha
Published: November 2023

CD133 protein has been one of the most used surface markers to select and identify cancer cells with stem-like features. However, its expression is not restricted to tumoral cells; it is also expressed in differentiated cells and stem/progenitor cells in various normal tissues. CD133 participates in several cellular processes, in part orchestrating signal transduction of essential pathways that frequently are dysregulated in cancer, such as PI3K/Akt signaling and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. CD133 expression correlates with enhanced cell self-renewal, migration, invasion, and survival under stress conditions in cancer. Aside from the intrinsic cell mechanisms that regulate CD133 expression in each cellular type, extrinsic factors from the surrounding niche can also impact CD33 levels. The enhanced CD133 expression in cells can confer adaptive advantages by amplifying the activation of a specific signaling pathway in a context-dependent manner. In this review, we do not only describe the CD133 physiological functions known so far, but importantly, we analyze how the microenvironment changes impact the regulation of CD133 functions emphasizing its value as a marker of cell adaptability beyond a cancer-stem cell marker.

Graphical Abstract
Metergoline Shares Properties with Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs Identified by Gene Expression Signature Screen
Authors: Bortolasci Chiara C , Jaehne Emily J , Hernández Damián , Spolding Briana , Connor Timothy , Panizzutti Bruna , Dean Olivia M , Crowley Tamsyn M , Yung Alison R , Gray Laura , Kim Jee Hyun , van den Buuse Maarten , Berk Michael , Walder Ken
Published: November 2023

Novel approaches are required to find new treatments for schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders. This study utilised a combination of in vitro transcriptomics and in silico analysis with the BROAD Institute’s Connectivity Map to identify drugs that can be repurposed to treat psychiatric disorders. Human neuronal (NT2-N) cells were treated with a combination of atypical antipsychotic drugs commonly used to treat psychiatric disorders (such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder), and differential gene expression was analysed. Biological pathways with an increased gene expression included circadian rhythm and vascular endothelial growth factor signalling, while the adherens junction and cell cycle pathways were transcriptionally downregulated. The Connectivity Map (CMap) analysis screen highlighted drugs that affect global gene expression in a similar manner to these psychiatric disorder treatments, including several other antipsychotic drugs, confirming the utility of this approach. The CMap screen specifically identified metergoline, an ergot alkaloid currently used to treat seasonal affective disorder, as a drug of interest. In mice, metergoline dose-dependently reduced MK-801- or methamphetamine-induced locomotor hyperactivity confirming the potential of metergoline to treat positive symptoms of schizophrenia in an animal model. Metergoline had no effects on prepulse inhibition deficits induced by MK-801 or methamphetamine. Taken together, metergoline appears a promising drug for further studies to be repurposed as a treatment for schizophrenia and possibly other psychiatric disorders.
Molecular beam laser spectroscopic studies of the photoactive properties of resveratrol
Authors: Fan Jiayun , Buma Wybren Jan
Published: November 2023

Resonance Enhanced MultiPhoton Ionization spectroscopic techniques coupled with laser desorption and supersonic cooling have been employed to elucidate the photoactive properties of resveratrol. The observed excitation spectra give evidence for an internal-energy dependent trans–cis isomerisation pathway in the electronically excited state, while pump-probe studies show dynamics that are in line with what is known for the parent compound, trans-stilbene. Similar studies have been performed on a derivative of resveratrol with methoxy instead of hydroxy groups, a compound aimed to reduce previously observed photodegradation pathways of resveratrol. Time-resolved studies of the latter compound under solution conditions have given further insight into its excited-state dynamics and support the isolated-molecule conclusions on the topology of the potential energy surface of the electronically excited state. Spectroscopic studies under prolonged irradiation conditions show that both compounds suffer from photodegradation, although in the alkylated compound other pathways appear to be involved than in resveratrol.

Graphical abstract
Embedding data science innovations in organizations: a new workflow approach
Authors: Li Keyao , Griffin Mark A. , Barker Tamryn , Prickett Zane , Hodkiewicz Melinda R. , Kozman Jess , Chirgwin Peta
Published: November 2023

There have been consistent calls for more research on managing teams and embedding processes in data science innovations. Widely used frameworks (e.g., the cross-industry standard process for data mining) provide a standardized approach to data science but are limited in features such as role clarity, skills, and cross-team collaboration that are essential for developing organizational capabilities in data science. In this study, we introduce a data workflow method (DWM) as a new approach to break organizational silos and create a multi-disciplinary team to develop, implement and embed data science. Different from current data science process workflows, the DWM is managed at the system level that shapes business operating model for continuous improvement, rather than as a function of a particular project, one single business unit, or isolated individuals. To further operationalize the DWM approach, we investigated an embedded data workflow at a mining operation that has been using geological data in a machine-learning model to stabilize daily mill production for the last 2 years. Based on the findings in this study, we propose that the DWM approach derives its capability from three aspects: (a) a systemic data workflow; (b) multi-disciplinary networks of collaboration and responsibility; and (c) clearly identified data roles and the associated skills and expertise. This study suggests a whole-of-organization approach and pathway to develop data science capability.
Global Participatory Democracy through a UN World Citizens’ Initiative? Mapping the Theoretical and Institutional Terrain
Authors: Murphy Ben L. , Organ James
Published: November 2023

The burgeoning literature on the democratic deficit of international organizations, and the United Nations in particular, has, for the most part, inherited a pervasive state-centrism commonly associated with conventional approaches to international law more generally. While this approach is understandable, it appears incompatible with a holistic account of democracy, especially accounts that seek to situate the locus of power within the individual. Drawing on attempts to empower individual citizens to influence global governance decision-making in other contexts—especially the experience of the European Citizens’ Initiative—this Article considers a bold idea: The establishment of a “World Citizens’ Initiative,” through which individuals could directly influence the agenda of the primary organs of the United Nations. This Article critically analyzes the legal feasibility of such an initiative and the challenges of implementation. In doing so, it offers both a theoretical and institutional contribution to the debate about the normative case for the democratization of global governance through effective citizen participation.
Imperial Presidency Versus Fragmented Executive? Unilateral Trade Measures and Executive Accountability in the European Union and the United States
Authors: Verellen Thomas
Published: November 2023

Faced with a changing geopolitical environment, the European Union has embarked on a legislative program to upgrade its unilateral trade instruments toolbox. By reforming existing instruments—for example, anti-dumping—and by adding new instruments to the European Commission’s toolbox (foreign subsidies instrument, international procurement instrument, anti-coercion instrument, and others), the EU legislature is significantly strengthening the position of the Commission in the governance of unilateral trade policy in the EU. This development raises accountability questions. By means of a comparative analysis of democratic accountability in unilateral trade policy in the United States and the EU, I describe this transformation of executive power in the EU and I argue that a further strengthening of democratic accountability mechanisms is needed to match the Commission’s growing responsibilities in this underexamined corner of EU trade policy.
Dynamics of multilayer Rayleigh–Taylor instability at moderately high Atwood numbers
Authors: Suchandra Prasoon , Ranjan Devesh
Published: November 2023

This paper investigates the multilayer Rayleigh–Taylor instability (RTI) using statistically stationary experiments conducted in a gas tunnel. Employing diagnostics such as particle image velocimetry (PIV) and planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF), we make simultaneous velocity–density measurements to study how dynamics and mixing are linked in this variable density flow. Experiments are conducted in a newly built, blow-down three-layer gas tunnel facility. Mixing between three gas streams is studied, where the top and bottom streams are comprised of air, and the middle stream is an air–helium mixture. Shear is minimized between these streams by matching their inlet velocities. The four experimental conditions investigated here consist of two different density ratios (Atwood numbers 0.3 and 0.6), each investigated at two instability development times (or equivalently, two streamwise locations), and all experiments are with the same middle stream thickness of 3 cm. The growth of the middle layer is measured using laser-based planar Mie scattering visualization. The mixing width is found to grow linearly with time at late times. Various quantitative measures of molecular mixing indicate a very high degree of molecular mixing at late times in the multilayer RTI flow. The vertical turbulent mass flux$a_y$is calculated. In addition to mostly negative values of$a_y$, typical of buoyancy-dominated flows due to negative correlation between velocity and density fluctuations, positive regions are also observed in profiles of$a_y$due to entrainment and erosion at the lower edge of the mixing region. Global energy budgets are calculated for the multilayer RTI flow at late times and it is found that the majority of potential energy released has been dissipated due to viscous effects, and a large value of mixing efficiency ($\sim$60 %) is observed.
Structure of the streaming flow generated by a sphere in a fluid undergoing rectilinear oscillation
Authors: Li Peijing , Collis Jesse F. , Brumley Douglas R. , Schneiders Lennart , Sader John E.
Published: November 2023

A solid body in a viscous fluid undergoing oscillatory motion naturally produces a steady secondary flow due to convective inertia. This phenomenon is embodied in the streaming flow generated by a sphere in an unbounded fluid executing rectilinear oscillations. We review the considerable literature on this canonical problem and summarise exact and asymptotic formulas in the small-amplitude limit. These analytical formulas are used to explore the characteristic flow structure of this problem and clarify previously unreported features. A single, toroidal-shaped vortex exists in each hemisphere regardless of the oscillation frequency, which can drive a counter-flow away from the sphere. The vortex centre moves monotonically away from the sphere with decreasing oscillation frequency, and engulfs the entire flow domain for

$\beta \equiv \omega R^2/\nu < 16.317$

, where

$\omega$

is the angular oscillation frequency,

$R$

the sphere radius, and

$\nu$

the fluid kinematic viscosity. This seemingly abrupt change in flow structure at the critical frequency

$\beta _{critical} =16.317$

, and its quantification, appear to have not been reported previously. We perform a direct numerical simulation of the Navier–Stokes equations, to (1) confirm existence of this critical frequency at finite amplitude, and (2) examine its variation with amplitude. This reveals a universal relationship between the critical frequency and oscillation amplitude, clarifying previous reports on the structure of this streaming flow. The critical frequency is shown to be identical for the streaming flow and the cycle-averaged particle paths, establishing that the critical frequency is accessible directly using standard measurements.
Barriers and facilitators of healthy lifestyle and perspectives towards the development of weight loss programmes. Focus groups with post-treatment breast cancer survivors in Greece
Authors: Perperidi Maria , Saltaouras Georgios , Konstandis Alexandros , De Craemer Marieke , Saloustros Emmanouil , Theodorakis Yannis , Androutsos Odysseas
Published: November 2023

The present study aimed to identify the factors that prohibit or enable breast cancer survivors from adopting a healthy lifestyle, as well as to record patients’ suggestions towards developing a weight-loss lifestyle intervention. Twenty-three breast cancer survivors participated in four online, semi-structured focus groups in Greece. All discussions were video-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Participants were 50⋅5 ± 7⋅4 years old with a current mean BMI of 29⋅1 ± 3⋅4 kg/m2. Four main themes emerged from thematic analysis: (1) dietary and lifestyle practices, (2) the effects of cancer on body weight, (3) the impact of cancer on psychology, and (4) the effect of the environment on body weight. Lack of information from healthcare professionals and lack of time were the main barriers to body weight management, whereas the main facilitators were support from their social environment, along with a comfortable physical environment, and the facility of technology. Participants suggested that an effective weight-loss lifestyle intervention should include psychological and social support, guidance and education, collaboration, flexible recommendations, personalised goals, and a follow-up plan. The needs of breast cancer survivors need to be considered when designing weight-loss lifestyle interventions. A personalised approach may prove more effective in promoting a healthy lifestyle and improving patients’ care.
Discrepancy between objective and subjective cognition and its association with the trajectory of symptoms and functioning in depressive patients
Authors: Zhu Xuequan , Ding Ruoxi , Chen Xu , Wang Xiaoyi , He Ping , Wang Gang
Published: November 2023

Background

Discrepancy between objective and subjective cognitive deficit is common among patients with major depressive disorders (MDDs) and may play a key role in the mechanism linking cognition with recovery of symptom and psychosocial function. This study, therefore, explores the cognitive discrepancy, and its association with the trajectory of symptoms and functioning over a 6-month period.

Methods

We used data from the Prospective Research Observation to Assess Cognition in Treated patients with MDD (PROACT) study, from which 598 patients were included. Cognitive discrepancy scores were computed using a novel methodology, with positive values indicating more subjective than objective deficit (i.e. ‘underestimation’) and negative values indicating more objective than subjective difficulties (i.e. ‘overestimation’). Linear growth curve models were employed to examine the association of the cognitive discrepancy with the trajectory of depressive symptoms, psychosocial function, and quality of life.

Results

About 68% of patients displayed disproportionately more objective than subjective cognitive deficit at baseline, and the mean cognitive discrepancy score was −1.4 (2.7). Overestimation was associated with a faster decrease of HDRS-17 (β = −0.46, p = 0.002) and a faster decrease of psychosocial function in social life (β = −0.13, p = 0.013) and family life (β = −0.12, p = 0.026), and a greater improvement of EQ-5D utility score (β = 0.01, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

We found a lower sensitivity of cognitive deficit at baseline and its decrease was associated with better health outcomes. Our findings have clinical implications of the necessity to assess both subjective and objective cognition for identification and categorization and to incorporate cognitive and psychological therapies for optimized treatment outcomes.
Intergenerational transmission of ADHD behaviors: genetic and environmental pathways
Authors: Kleppesto Thomas H. , Eilertsen Espen Moen , van Bergen Elsje , Sunde Hans Fredrik , Zietsch Brendan , Nordmo Magnus , Eftedal Nikolai Haahjem , Havdahl Alexandra , Ystrom Eivind , Torvik Fartein Ask
Published: November 2023

Background

We investigate if covariation between parental and child attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) behaviors can be explained by environmental and/or genetic transmission.

Methods

We employed a large children-of-twins-and-siblings sample (N = 22 276 parents and 11 566 8-year-old children) of the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. This enabled us to disentangle intergenerational influences via parental genes and parental behaviors (i.e. genetic and environmental transmission, respectively). Fathers reported on their own symptoms and mothers on their own and their child's symptoms.

Results

Child ADHD behaviors correlated with their mother's (0.24) and father's (0.10) ADHD behaviors. These correlations were largely due to additive genetic transmission. Variation in children's ADHD behaviors was explained by genetic factors active in both generations (11%) and genetic factors specific to the children (46%), giving a total heritability of 57%. There were small effects of parental ADHD behaviors (2% environmental transmission) and gene–environment correlation (3%). The remaining variability in ADHD behaviors was due to individual-specific environmental factors.

Conclusions

The intergenerational resemblance of ADHD behaviors is primarily due to genetic transmission, with little evidence for parental ADHD behaviors causing children's ADHD behaviors. This contradicts theories proposing environmental explanations of intergenerational transmission of ADHD, such as parenting theories or psychological life-history theory.
Language performance and brain volumes, asymmetry, and cortical thickness in children born extremely preterm
Authors: Kvanta Hedvig , Bolk Jenny , Broström Lina , Nosko Daniela , Fernández de Gamarra-Oca Lexuri , Padilla Nelly , Ådén Ulrika
Published: November 2023

Background

Children born preterm are more prone to have language difficulties. Few studies focus on children born extremely preterm (EPT) and the structural differences in language-related regions between these children and children born at term.

Methods

Our study used T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans to calculate the brain volumetry, brain asymmetry, and cortical thickness of language-related regions in 50 children born EPT and 37 term-born controls at 10 years of age. The language abilities of 41 of the children born EPT and 29 term-born controls were then assessed at 12 years of age, using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition and the Clinical Evaluations of Language Fundamentals, Fourth Edition. The differences between MRI parameters and their associations with language outcomes were compared in the two groups.

Results

Brain volume and cortical thickness of language-related regions were reduced in children born EPT, but volumetric asymmetry was not different between children born EPT and at term. In children born EPT the brain volume was related to language outcomes, prior to adjustments for full-scale IQ.

Conclusions

These findings expand our understanding of the structural correlates underlying impaired language performance in children born with EPT.

Impact

The article expands understanding of the structure-function relationship between magnetic resonance imaging measurements of language-related regions and language outcomes for children born extremely preterm beyond infancy.

Most literature to date has focused on very preterm children, but the focus in this paper is on extreme prematurity and language outcomes.

While the brain volume and cortical thickness of language-related regions were reduced in children born EPT only the volume, prior to adjustment for full-scale IQ, was associated with language outcomes.

We found no differences in volumetric asymmetry between children born EPT and at term.
IBD sharing patterns as intra-breed admixture indicators in small ruminants
Authors: Blondeau Da Silva Stéphane , Mwacharo Joram M. , Li Menghua , Ahbara Abulgasim , Muchadeyi Farai Catherine , Dzomba Edgar Farai , Lenstra Johannes A. , Da Silva Anne
Published: November 2023

In this study, we investigated how IBD patterns shared between individuals of the same breed could be informative of its admixture level, with the underlying assumption that the most admixed breeds, i.e. the least genetically isolated, should have a much more fragmented genome. We considered 111 goat breeds (i.e. 2501 individuals) and 156 sheep breeds (i.e. 3304 individuals) from Europe, Africa and Asia, for which beadchip SNP genotypes had been performed. We inferred the breed’s level of admixture from: (i) the proportion of the genome shared by breed’s members (i.e. “genetic integrity level” assessed from ADMIXTURE software analyses), and (ii) the “AV index” (calculated from Reynolds’ genetic distances), used as a proxy for the “genetic distinctiveness”. In both goat and sheep datasets, the statistical analyses (comparison of means, Spearman correlations, LM and GAM models) revealed that the most genetically isolated breeds, also showed IBD profiles made up of more shared IBD segments, which were also longer. These results pave the way for further research that could lead to the development of admixture indicators, based on the characterization of intra-breed shared IBD segments, particularly effective as they would be independent of the knowledge of the whole genetic landscape in which the breeds evolve. Finally, by highlighting the fragmentation experienced by the genomes subjected to crossbreeding carried out over the last few generations, the study reminds us of the need to preserve local breeds and the integrity of their adaptive architectures that have been shaped over the centuries.
Projectability disentanglement for accurate and automated electronic-structure Hamiltonians
Authors: Qiao Junfeng , Pizzi Giovanni , Marzari Nicola
Published: November 2023

Maximally-localized Wannier functions (MLWFs) are broadly used to characterize the electronic structure of materials. Generally, one can construct MLWFs describing isolated bands (e.g. valence bands of insulators) or entangled bands (e.g. valence and conduction bands of insulators, or metals). Obtaining accurate and compact MLWFs often requires chemical intuition and trial and error, a challenging step even for experienced researchers and a roadblock for high-throughput calculations. Here, we present an automated approach, projectability-disentangled Wannier functions (PDWFs), that constructs MLWFs spanning the occupied bands and their complement for the empty states, providing a tight-binding picture of optimized atomic orbitals in crystals. Key to the algorithm is a projectability measure for each Bloch state onto atomic orbitals, determining if that state should be kept identically, discarded, or mixed into the disentanglement. We showcase the accuracy on a test set of 200 materials, and the reliability by constructing 21,737 Wannier Hamiltonians.
Application of intelligent pacifying strategy information system in reducing short-duration MRI sedation rate in children
Authors: Deng Xiaofang , Zhuang Deyi , Liu Jungang , Su Cuimin , Huang Xianghui
Published: November 2023

Exploring and analyzing the effectiveness of an intelligent pacifying strategy information system based on assisted decision-making in reducing the sedation rate of children in short-duration magnetic resonance scans. A total of 125 children aged 3–5 years who underwent MRI scans at a children's hospital from July to December 2021 participated in this study, during which 62 children were assigned to a control group from July to September, and 63 children were assigned to an intervention group from October to December. In the intervention group, the pacifier used the intelligent pacifying strategy information system based on assisted decision-making to assess children's temperament, and utilization of a system-generated pacification plan according to assessment results. In the control group, the pacification plan was formulated by the pacifier based on their own experience and discussion with families of the participating children. The success rate of pacification, duration of pacification, and image quality of the two groups were compare. Compared with the control group, the intervention group had a higher success rate of pacification and lower duration of pacification, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). There was no difference in image quality between the two groups (P > 0.05). The intelligent pacifying strategy information system can help reduce the use of the sedative drugs in children aged 3–5 years who underwent a short-duration MRI scan.
Reliability of a novel point of care device for monitoring diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Grabowska W. , King R. , Roll S. , Habermann I. V. , Hörder S. , Hahn K. , Willich S. N. , Schröder S. , Brinkhaus B. , Dietzel J.
Published: November 2023

We aimed to assess DPNCheck’s reliability for repeated sural nerve conduction (NC) parameters. This post hoc analysis used data from the randomized controlled ACUDPN trial assessing NC of the N. Suralis every eight weeks over a 6-month period in 62 patients receiving acupuncture against diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) symptoms. The reliability of DPNCheck for nerve conduction velocity and amplitude was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and was calculated using data from single time points and repeated measures design. The results of the NC measurements were correlated with the Total Neuropathy Score clinical (TNSc). Overall, for both nerve velocity and amplitude, the reliability at each measurement time point can be described as moderate to good and the reliability using repeated measures design can be described as moderate. Nerve velocity and amplitude showed weak correlation with TNSc. DPNCheck’s reliability results question its suitability for monitoring DPN’s progression. Given the limitation of our analysis, a long-term, pre-specified, fully crossed study should be carried out among patients with DPN to fully determine the suitability of the device for DPN progression monitoring. This was the first analysis assessing the reliability of the DPNCheck for DPN progression monitoring using data from multiple collection time points.
Experimental study on the effects of interface dip angle on deformation failure of combined limestone–coal specimens
Authors: Li Faxin , Ding Yisong , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Zhiwei , Xuan Zhaojun , Song Qifeng
Published: November 2023

Uniaxial compression experiments of limestone–coal specimens at different inclination angles (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60°) were conducted using acoustic emission and three-dimensional, extension test digital image correlation, and full-field strain measurement systems to examine how dip angles affect deformation failure. The findings indicate that: (1) specimen groups demonstrate plastic yield characteristics in the pre-peak stage. However, slight variations exist due to inclination angles. (2) The localization zone for deformation evolution closely correlates to primary crack initiation and propagation within coal specimens and to slipping at the rock’s and coal’s interface. Failure in the coal specimen triggers rebound deformation in limestone when the rock coal inclination angle is set at 15°. Both the rebound deformation amount and its rate exhibit upward trends as a function of the inclination angle. (3) The percentage of pre-peak elastic property density in the combined specimen is augmented from 98.56 to 88.08% as the inclination angle augments and reduces to 75.80%. External energy’s conversion into missile performance shows an initial increase followed by a decrease. (4) The energy rate of the acoustic emission (AE) signal exhibits distinct temporal characteristics in the combined specimen that can be associated with quiet, active, and sudden increases.
Ring-originated anisotropy of local structural ordering in amorphous and crystalline silicon dioxide
Authors: Shiga Motoki , Hirata Akihiko , Onodera Yohei , Masai Hirokazu
Published: November 2023

Rings comprising chemically bonded atoms are essential topological motifs for the structural ordering of network-forming materials. Quantification of such larger motifs beyond short-range pair correlation is essential for understanding the linkages between the orderings and macroscopic behaviors. Here, we propose two quantitative analysis methods based on rings. The first method quantifies rings by two geometric indicators: roundness and roughness. These indicators reveal the linkages between highly symmetric rings and crystal symmetry in silica and that the structure of amorphous silica mainly consists of distorted rings. The second method quantifies a spatial correlation function that describes three-dimensional atomic densities around rings. A comparative analysis among the functions for different degrees of ring symmetries reveals that symmetric rings contribute to the local structural order in amorphous silica. Another analysis of amorphous models with different orderings reveals anisotropy of the local structural ordering around rings; this contributes to building the intermediate-range ordering.
Revealed versus potential spatial accessibility of healthcare and changing patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gligorić Kristina , Kamath Chaitanya , Weiss Daniel J. , Bavadekar Shailesh , Liu Yun , Shekel Tomer , Schulman Kevin , Gabrilovich Evgeniy
Published: November 2023

Background

Timely access to healthcare is essential but measuring access is challenging. Prior research focused on analyzing potential travel times to healthcare under optimal mobility scenarios that do not incorporate direct observations of human mobility, potentially underestimating the barriers to receiving care for many populations.

Methods

We introduce an approach for measuring accessibility by utilizing travel times to healthcare facilities from aggregated and anonymized smartphone Location History data. We measure these revealed travel times to healthcare facilities in over 100 countries and juxtapose our findings with potential (optimal) travel times estimated using Google Maps directions. We then quantify changes in revealed accessibility associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results

We find that revealed travel time differs substantially from potential travel time; in all but 4 countries this difference exceeds 30 minutes, and in 49 countries it exceeds 60 minutes. Substantial variation in revealed healthcare accessibility is observed and correlates with life expectancy (⍴=−0.70) and infant mortality (⍴=0.59), with this association remaining significant after adjusting for potential accessibility and wealth. The COVID-19 pandemic altered the patterns of healthcare access, especially for populations dependent on public transportation.

Conclusions

Our metrics based on empirical data indicate that revealed travel times exceed potential travel times in many regions. During COVID-19, inequitable accessibility was exacerbated. In conjunction with other relevant data, these findings provide a resource to help public health policymakers identify underserved populations and promote health equity by formulating policies and directing resources towards areas and populations most in need.
A ribose-functionalized NAD+ with versatile activity for ADP-ribosylation
Authors: Stephens Elisa N. , Zhang Xiao-Nan , Lam Albert T. , Li Jiawei , Pei Hua , Louie Stan G. , Wang Clay C. C. , Zhang Yong
Published: November 2023

An NAD+ featuring an adenosyl 4′-azido functions as a general substrate for poly-ADP-ribose polymerases.
A zinc-containing porphyrin aluminum MOF in sorption of diethyl sulfide vapor: mechanistic experimental and computational study
Authors: Ullah Shaheed , McKee Michael L. , Samokhvalov Alexander
Published: November 2023

A zinc porphyrin aluminum metal–organic framework interacts with diethyl sulfide.
Elastic and inelastic diffraction of fast neon atoms on a LiF surface
Authors: Debiossac Maxime , Pan Peng , Roncin Philippe
Published: November 2023

We used the scattering profiles recorded along a random direction to deconvolute the diffraction profiles recorded along the [100] direction. The procedure was extended beyond the vertical dotted line corresponding to deeply inelastic conditions.
Photodissociative decay pathways of the flavin mononucleotide anion and its complexes with tryptophan and glutamic acid
Authors: Uleanya Kelechi O. , Anstöter Cate S. , Dessent Caroline E. H.
Published: November 2023

In vacuo laser photodissociation of deprotonated flavin mononucleotide and complexes are performed to probe the flavin photophysics. A strong propensity for electron detachment appears associated with excited-state proton transfer.
Pilot-scale evaluation of the sustainability of membrane desalination systems for the concentrate volume minimization of coal chemical wastewater
Authors: Chen Fayuan , Ma Linnan , Zhang Zhong , Wang Xiao , Wang Qinghong , Wang Xiaolong , Chen Chunmao , Jiang Linyu , Li Xianhui
Published: November 2023

5 stars represents the best technical performance/highest cost.
The synthesis and combined electrical–magnetic and toxic dye sequestration properties of a Cr(iii)-metallogel
Authors: Sundar Das Krishna , Das Mainak , Saha Sayan , Adhikary Amit , Bala Sukhen , Ray Partha Pratim , Mondal Raju
Published: November 2023

The present communication deals with the synthesis, characterization of a Cr-based metallogel and explores its electrical-magnetic properties. The proton conductivity and toxic dye sequestrations have also been investigated.
Preparation of boron nitride nanosheets by glucose-assisted ultrasonic cavitation exfoliation
Authors: Zhou Lian , Zhang Bo , Li Fuzhu , Yan Ying , Wang Yun , Li Ruitao
Published: November 2023

A novel glucose-assisted ultrasonic cavitation exfoliation (GAUCE) method was proposed to prepare BNNSs, and its preparing mechanism was revealed.
One-pot preparation of long-wavelength carbon dots with targeting ability toward different organelles
Authors: Tian Xiao-Li , He Xi , Chen Ping , Zhang Lan , Hei Meng-Wei , Yu Xiao-Qi , Zhang Ji
Published: November 2023

Two photostable carbon dots were simply prepared and separated with entirely different organelle-targeting abilities.
Karl von Lindener’s sunspot observations during 1800–1827: Another long-term dataset for the Dalton Minimum
Authors: Hayakawa Hisashi , Arlt Rainer , Iju Tomoya , Besser Bruno P.
Published: November 2023

On a centennial timescale, solar activity oscillates quasi-periodically and also tends to occasionally get into a low-activity period. The Dalton Minimum (circa 1790s–1820s) was one of such low-activity periods that had been captured in telescopic sunspot observations. However, it has been challenging to analyse the Dalton Minimum, as contemporary source records remained mostly unpublished and almost inaccessible to the scientific community. Recent studies have established reliable datasets for sunspot group number, sunspot number, and sunspot positions. This study further analyzes independent Silesian sunspot observations from 1800 to 1827 in a manuscript from the Library of Wrocław University (Ms AKC.1985/15) and complements it with the metadata for the observer: Karl Christian Reinhold von Lindener. We identified 547 days of sunspot observations in these records and derived the sunspot group number, individual sunspot number, and sunspot positions between 1800 and 1827. The results of this study have significantly revised von Lindener’s sunspot group number, which was previously known for only 517 days in scientific databases, and removed contamination from general descriptions. Using our results, we extended investigations into individual sunspot counts and derived their positions. In our analysis, we locate von Lindener’s sunspot positions in both solar hemispheres and contrast the Dalton Minimum with the Maunder Minimum, adding further independent credits to the previous results for Derfflinger’s and Prantner’s datasets. Sunspot positions are also slightly biased towards the northern solar hemisphere in early Solar Cycle 6 (1812–1813). The high-latitude sunspot positions indicate the onset of Solar Cycle 7 as early as June 1822.
Unser Körper wird es uns danken – Gelenkschonendes Arbeiten
Authors: Maywald Ina
Published: November 2023

Führen Therapeut*innen vor allem motorischfunktionelle Behandlungen durch, kann es schnell vorkommen, dass deren eigene Hände anfangen zu schmerzen oder sich Deformitäten bilden. Ina Maywald gibt Tipps, wie Thera- peut*innen zum Beispiel in der Handtherapie gelenkschonend arbeiten können.
Schmerzerfassung in der Intensivmedizin
Authors: Walser Tobias
Published: November 2023

Bei der Behandlung von Intensivpatienten spielt das Thema Schmerz eine große Rolle. Schmerzen beeinflussen den Heilungsverlauf negativ, oft führen sie zu längeren Beatmungszeiten und Verweildauern der Patienten auf der Intensivstation. Zentral für die Behandlung von Schmerzen ist seine standardisierte Erfassung und Dokumentation, wie es die gültige S3-Leitlinie vorsieht. Doch findet sie auch Anwendung? Dieser Frage geht der folgende Beitrag nach und beleuchtet die Situation in einem Krankenhaus der Versorgungsstufe II. Mit seiner Facharbeit hat der Autor beim 26. intensiv-Pflegepreis 2022 den 1. Platz belegt.
Erweiterte Pflegepraxis für neurochirurgische Intensivpatienten
Authors: Schankweiler Tim , Bäumel Florian , Schuster Susanne
Published: November 2023

Patienten, die ein schweres Schädel-Hirn-Trauma oder eine intrakranielle Blutung erleiden, bedürfen meist einer intensivmedizinischen und komplexen pflegerischen Versorgung. Dabei besteht insbesondere bei neurochirurgischen Intensivpatienten auch über die Akutphase ihrer Erkrankung hinaus ein hohes Risiko für Komplikationen. Durch den Einsatz von Advanced Practice Nurses mit einer Spezialisierung auf neurochirurgische Intensivpatienten wird es möglich, diesen vulnerablen Patienten eine erweiterte und vertiefte pflegerische Versorgung zukommen zu lassen.
Bacterial Vaginosis: Guideline of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG (S2k-Level, AWMF Registry No. 015/028, June 2023)
Authors: Farr Alex , Swidsinski Sonja , Surbek Daniel , Tirri Brigitte Frey , Willinger Birgit , Hoyme Udo , Walter Gisela , Reckel-Botzem Inge , Mendling Werner
Published: November 2023

Aim This official guideline was coordinated and published by the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG with the involvement of additional professional societies. The aim of the guideline is to
evaluate the relevant literature and use it to provide a consensus-based overview of the diagnosis and management of bacterial vaginosis.

Methods This S2k-guideline was developed by representative members from different medical professional societies on behalf of the guidelines commission of the above-listed societies
using a structured consensus process.

Recommendations This guideline provides recommendations on the diagnosis, management, counselling, prophylaxis, and other aspects related to bacterial vaginosis.