bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electronic and transport properties of PSi@MoS2 nanocables
Authors: Sun Cuicui , Zhang Guiling , Shang Yan , Yang Zhao-Di , Sun Xiaojun
Published: November 2015

Electronic structures and transport properties of prototype MoS2 nanotube (15, 0) nanocables, including undoped PSi@MoS2 and B- and P-doped PSi@MoS2 (where PSi refers to polysilane), are investigated using the density functional theory (DFT) and the non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) methods.
The development of a bilayer structure of poly(propylene carbonate)/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) blends from the demixed melt
Authors: Zhang Shujing , Sun Xiaoli , Ren Zhongjie , Li Huihui , Yan Shouke
Published: November 2015

A PPC-top and microporous PHB-bottom bilayer film can be prepared from the dimixed PPC/PHB melt.
Interactions of hydrogen with the iron and iron carbide interfaces: a ReaxFF molecular dynamics study
Authors: Islam Md Mahbubul , Zou Chenyu , van Duin Adri C. T. , Raman Sumathy
Published: November 2015

Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) is a well-known material phenomenon that causes significant loss in the mechanical strength of structural iron and often leads to catastrophic failures.
Influence of additives on the structure of surfactant-free microemulsions
Authors: Marcus J. , Touraud D. , Prévost S. , Diat O. , Zemb T. , Kunz W.
Published: November 2015

In surfactant-free microemulsions, the combination ethanol/antagonistic salt behaves like a surfactant.
Preparation and crystal structure of K2Ce(PO4)2: a new complex phosphate of Ce(iv) having structure with one-dimensional channels
Authors: Bevara Samatha , Achary S. Nagabhusan , Patwe Sadequa J. , Sinha Anil K. , Tyagi Avesh Kumar
Published: November 2015

Synthesis and crystal structure of K2Ce(PO4)2, which is a new complex phosphate with Ce4+.
Highly selective fluorescence sensors for the fluoride anion based on carboxylate-bridged diiron complexes
Authors: Zhou Yuhan , Dong Xiaoliang , Zhang Yixin , Tong Peng , Qu Jingping
Published: November 2015

The diiron–sulfur clusters bearing urea and anthracene units showed rapid and selective recognition for the fluoride ion.
Fluorometric selective detection of fluoride ions in aqueous media using Ag doped CdS/ZnS core/shell nanoparticles
Authors: Boxi Siddhartha Sankar , Paria Santanu
Published: November 2015

In this study, a fluorometric method based on Ag–CdS/Ag–ZnS core/shell nanoparticles is developed for fluoride ion detection.
Regioselectivity in C–H activation: reagent control in cyclometallation of 2-(1-naphthyl)-pyridine
Authors: Kondrashov Mikhail , Provost David , Wendt Ola F.
Published: November 2015

The choice of metallating agent completely reverses the regioselectivity in cyclometallation of 2-(1-naphthyl)-pyridine.
Research highlights: challenges in the characterization, storage, and isolation of natural organic matter
Authors: Lin Vivian S.
Published: November 2015

This Highlight examines three recent publications that study the methods used to characterize DOM and how storage and handling of DOM samples may affect its composition.
Purple carrot anthocyanins suppress lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in the co-culture of intestinal Caco-2 and macrophage RAW264.7 cells
Authors: Olejnik Anna , Kowalska Katarzyna , Kidoń Marcin , Czapski Janusz , Rychlik Joanna , Olkowicz Mariola , Dembczyński Radosław
Published: November 2015

Purple carrot anthocyanins suppress inflammatory pathways by down-regulation of the expression of proinflammatory genes and mediators.
Impact of gastric pH profiles on the proteolytic digestion of mixed βlg-Xanthan biopolymer gels
Authors: Dekkers B. L. , Kolodziejczyk E. , Acquistapace S. , Engmann J. , Wooster T. J.
Published: November 2015

Gastric pH profile duringin vitrogastric digestion is critical for proper assessment of mixed biopolymer gel proteolysis.
Self-concentrating buoyant glass microbubbles for high sensitivity immunoassays
Authors: Juang Duane S. , Hsu Chia-Hsien
Published: November 2015

A self-concentrating buoyant glass microbubble material for enhancing the sensitivity of immunoassays.
Engineering anastomosis between living capillary networks and endothelial cell-lined microfluidic channels
Authors: Wang Xiaolin , Phan Duc T. T. , Sobrino Agua , George Steven C. , Hughes Christopher C. W. , Lee Abraham P.
Published: November 2015

An advanced 3D microvascular network model enabled by engineering physiological anastomosis between tissue chamber-embedded capillary network and endothelial cell-lined microfluidic channels.
Highly focused high-frequency travelling surface acoustic waves (SAW) for rapid single-particle sorting
Authors: Collins David J. , Neild Adrian , Ai Ye
Published: November 2015

We demonstrate the use of a highly focused surface acoustic wave (SAW) with an effective region only ~25 μm wide for precise manipulation on the single-particle level.
One-dimensional metal oxide–carbon hybrid nanostructures for electrochemical energy storage
Authors: Wu Hao Bin , Zhang Genqiang , Yu Le , Lou Xiong Wen (David)
Published: November 2015

One-dimensional (1D) metal oxide–carbon hybrid nanostructures have recently attracted enormous interest as promising electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage devices, including lithium-ion batteries and electrochemical capacitors.
Unbinding forces and energies between a siRNA molecule and a dendrimer measured by force spectroscopy
Authors: Dumitru Andra C. , Herruzo Elena T. , Rausell Estrella , Ceña Valentin , Garcia Ricardo
Published: November 2015

Single molecule force spectroscopy has been applied to measure the unbinding forces and energies between a siRNA molecule and polyamidoamine dendrimers deposited on a mica surface.
Influence of the oxazole ring connection on the fluorescence of oxazoyl-triphenylamine biphotonic DNA probes
Authors: Dumat Blaise , Faurel-Paul Elodie , Fornarelli Pauline , Saettel Nicolas , Metgé Germain , Fiorini-Debuisschert Céline , Charra Fabrice , Mahuteau-Betzer Florence , Teulade-Fichou Marie-Paule
Published: November 2015

The oxazole ring connection of these DNA minor-groove binders strongly impacts their on–off behavior.
Kinetics of bulk photo-initiated copper(i)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) polymerizations
Authors: Song Han Byul , Baranek Austin , Bowman Christopher N.
Published: November 2015

Kinetics of bulk photo-initiated copper(i)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) polymerizations is governed by several factors including the physicochemical nature of the monomers; the copper salt and photoinitiator types and concentrations; light intensity; exposure time and solvent content.
Solvent- and catalyst-free synthesis of fully biobased nonisocyanate polyurethanes with different macromolecular architectures
Authors: Carré C. , Bonnet L. , Avérous L.
Published: November 2015

A bis(cyclic carbonate) based on a dimeric fatty acid was successfully synthesized.
Antiproliferative activity and conversion of tachyzoite to bradyzoite of Toxoplasma gondii promoted by new zinc complexes containing sulfadiazine
Authors: Batista Luana C. , de Souza Fernanda S. , de Assis Vagner M. , Seabra Sérgio H. , Bortoluzzi Adailton J. , Rennó Magdalena N. , Horn Adolfo , DaMatta Renato A. , Fernandes Christiane
Published: November 2015

Here we describe the synthesis and biological effect against Toxoplasma gondii of two new zinc complexes containing sulfadiazine: [(SDZ)Zn(μ-BPA)2Zn(SDZ)] 1 and [Zn(SDZ)(HSDZ)(Cl)(OH2)] 2, where SDZ is the anion sulfadiazine.
An organic–inorganic nanohybrid of a calix[4]arene based chromogenic chemosensor for simultaneous estimation of ADP and NADH
Authors: Kaur Harpreet , Singh Jasminder , Chopra Shweta , Raj Pushap , Singh Narinder , Kaur Navneet
Published: November 2015

Nanohybrids of a calix[4]arene based receptor have been employed for selective and simultaneous estimation of ADP and NADH.
Atomic-scale cation dynamics in a monolayer VOX/α-Fe2O3 catalyst
Authors: Feng Z. , Ma Q. , Lu J. , Feng H. , Elam J. W. , Stair P. C. , Bedzyk M. J.
Published: November 2015

A combination of in situ XAS and FTIR shows the redox-induced vanadium cation dynamics on the surfaces of Fe2O3 powders.
Optimization of PEG coated nanoscale gold particles for enhanced radiation therapy
Authors: Cruje C. , Yang C. , Uertz J. , van Prooijen M. , Chithrani B. D.
Published: November 2015

To enhance PEG uptake for radiation therapy, a peptide containing an integrin binding domain (RGD) was conjugated to PEG. Nanoparticles functionalized with both the RGD peptide and PEG had a higher uptake than NPs functionalized with PEG alone.
Core/shell-structured, covalently bonded TiO2/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) dispersions and their electrorheological response: the effect of anisotropy
Authors: Erol O. , Unal H. I.
Published: November 2015

Higher surface area, rod-to-rod interactions and conducting thin shell induced covalently-bonded core/shell nanorod-TiO2/PEDOT nanocomposite to show stronger ER activity and higher recovery after stress loading compared to particulate one.
Effect of carbon dioxide on pore structure characteristics of dewatered lignite and the relevance to its moisture-adsorbing capacity
Authors: Wei Fanjing , Jing Xiaoxia , Yang Yunlong , Liao Junjie , Chang Liping , Bao Weiren
Published: November 2015

Lignite with a high moisture content were dried under CO2 and Ar atmosphere to investigate the pore structure changes and its effect on moisture re-adsorption.
Promotional effect of copper(ii) on an activated carbon supported low content bimetallic gold–cesium(i) catalyst in acetylene hydrochlorination
Authors: Zhao Jia , Gu Shanchuan , Xu Xiaolong , Zhang Tongtong , Di Xiaoxia , Pan Zhiyan , Li Xiaonian
Published: November 2015

Cu-added low content AuCs/AC worked as highly active, stable and cost-effective catalyst for acetylene hydrochlorination. Our findings suggest that the AuCuCs/AC catalyst can be envisioned as a viable alternative to commercial toxic HgCl2for acetylene hydrochlorination.
A floating self-propelling liquid marble containing aqueous ethanol solutions
Authors: Ooi Chin Hong , van Nguyen Anh , Evans Geoffrey M. , Gendelman Oleg , Bormashenko Edward , Nguyen Nam-Trung
Published: November 2015

We report the behaviour of a self-propelling liquid marble containing an aqueous ethanol solution.
Correction: Conformational changes in amyloid-beta (12–28) alloforms studied using action-FRET, IMS and molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Daly Steven , Kulesza Alexander , Poussigue Frederic , Simon Anne-Laure , Choi Chang Min , Knight Geoffrey , Chirot Fabien , MacAleese Luke , Antoine Rodolphe , Dugourd Philippe
Published: November 2015

Correction for ‘Conformational changes in amyloid-beta (12–28) alloforms studied using action-FRET, IMS and molecular dynamics simulations’ by Steven Daly et al., Chem. Sci., 2015, 6, 5040–5047.
Induced stabilization of columnar phases in binary mixtures of discotic liquid crystals
Authors: Cienega-Cacerez Octavio , García-Alcántara Consuelo , Moreno-Razo José Antonio , Díaz-Herrera Enrique , Sambriski Edward John
Published: November 2015

The stability of columnar mesophases in binary discotic mixtures can be induced by varying the bidispersity in molecular thickness.
Construction of a smart temperature-responsive GPx mimic based on the self-assembly of supra-amphiphiles
Authors: Zou Huixin , Sun Hongcheng , Wang Liang , Zhao Linlu , Li Jiaxi , Dong Zeyuan , Luo Quan , Xu Jiayun , Liu Junqiu
Published: November 2015

A supra-amphiphilic thermosensitive vesicle-like structure was designed by the self-assembly of host–guest interaction to construct a smart artificial GPx mimic with controllable catalytic activity.
Solar-powered electrochemical energy storage: an alternative to solar fuels
Authors: Yu Mingzhe , McCulloch William D. , Huang Zhongjie , Trang Brittany B. , Lu Jun , Amine Khalil , Wu Yiying
Published: November 2015

The solar-powered electrochemical energy storage strategy integrates the solar energy conversion, storage and distribution functions into a single device.
Phthalimide end-capped thienoisoindigo and diketopyrrolopyrrole as non-fullerene molecular acceptors for organic solar cells
Authors: Josse Pierre , Dalinot Clément , Jiang Yue , Dabos-Seignon Sylvie , Roncali Jean , Blanchard Philippe , Cabanetos Clément
Published: November 2015

Two acetylene-bridged molecules, built by grafting phthalimides on thienoisoindigo (TII) and diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) blocks, have been synthesized, characterized and evaluated as electron acceptor materials in air-processed inverted organic solar cells.
rBMSC and bacterial responses to isoelastic carbon fiber-reinforced poly(ether-ether-ketone) modified by zirconium implantation
Authors: Li Jian , Qian Shi , Ning Congqin , Liu Xuanyong
Published: November 2015

PEEK-based biomaterials have great potential applications as hard tissue substitutes in bone tissue engineering.
Prussian blue nanoparticles encapsulated inside a metal–organic framework via in situ growth as promising peroxidase mimetics for enzyme inhibitor screening
Authors: Su Linjing , Xiong Yuhao , Yang Haiguan , Zhang Peng , Ye Fanggui
Published: November 2015

Metal–organic framework-based peroxidase mimetics for enzyme-inhibitor screening.
Gallium-containing mesoporous bioactive glass with potent hemostatic activity and antibacterial efficacy
Authors: Pourshahrestani Sara , Zeimaran Ehsan , Adib Kadri Nahrizul , Gargiulo Nicola , Samuel Shani , Naveen Sangeetha Vasudevaraj , Kamarul Tunku , Towler Mark R.
Published: November 2015

Gallium-containing mesoporous bioactive glass can be considered as an efficient hemostatic material due to its merits of increased platelet adhesion and thrombin formation as well as antibacterial properties.
Direct exfoliation of graphite into graphene in aqueous solutions of amphiphilic peptides
Authors: Cao Meiwen , Wang Ningning , Wang Lei , Zhang Yu , Chen Yucan , Xie Zilong , Li Zongyi , Pambou Elias , Li Ruiheng , Chen Cuixia , Pan Fang , Xu Hai , Penny Jeffery , Webster John R. P. , Lu Jian R.
Published: November 2015

Peptide-mediated solution phase graphene exfoliation.
A mechanistic study of AIE processes of TPE luminogens: intramolecular rotation vs. configurational isomerization
Authors: Yang Zhiyong , Qin Wei , Leung Nelson L. C. , Arseneault Mathieu , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Liang Guodong , Sung Herman H. Y. , Williams Ian D. , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: November 2015

Though E–Z isomerization is involved, mechanistically it is intramolecular rotation that quenches luminescence of TPE-based AIEgens.
Dye-sensitized solar cell from a new organic n-type semiconductor/polyaniline composite: insight from impedance spectroscopy
Authors: Chal Pousali , Shit Arnab , Nandi Arun K.
Published: November 2015

Nanotubular polyaniline/N,N-di((S)-1-carboxylethyl)-3,4 : 9,10 perylenetetracarboxyldiimide hybrids with characteristics of H-type aggregates and secondary de-doping yield photocurrent with photoconversion efficiency of 2.88%.
Beneficial protective effects of 2-allyl amino 4-methyl sulfanyl butyric acid on glucose metabolism and glycoprotein components in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats with molecular modeling
Authors: Balan K. , Pratheebaa P. , Jebastin T. , Sundarabaalaji N. , Liu Xiuhua , Palvannan T.
Published: November 2015

The potential effects of 2-allyl amino 4-methyl sulfanyl butyric acid (AMSB) on the glucose metabolism and glycoprotein components in streptozotocin (STZ) induced experimental diabetic rats were studied.
Cumulative metabolic effects of low-dose benzo(a)pyrene exposure on human cells
Authors: Ba Qian , Huang Chao , Fu Yijing , Li Junyang , Li Jingquan , Chu Ruiai , Jia Xudong , Wang Hui
Published: November 2015

Benzo(a)pyrene (B[a]P) is a common environmental and foodborne pollutant which has been identified as a Group I carcinogen. Although the carcinogenicity of B[a]P has been illustrated, its comprehensive influence on metabolism and further relevance in adverse health outcomes are not well understood. To investigate the global metabolic effects of long-term B[a]P exposure at environmental dosage, we utilized the human SMMC-7721 cell-based B[a]P exposure models to perform a metabolomics study and network analysis. A total of 316 biochemicals were identified and 104 metabolites were found to be significantly altered. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism pathways and the nucleotide metabolism pathway were influenced by prolonged B[a]P exposure. Notably, the metabolic effects of B[a]P varied with different dosages. In addition, B[a]P exposure caused a decline in the glycolysis process but enhanced the glycolytic capability of SMMC-7721 cells in vitro. These findings establish the overall B[a]P-induced metabolic network, characterize the metabolic effects of chronic and environmental B[a]P exposure on human-relevant cells, and enhance the understanding of the adverse outcome pathway frame of B[a]P.
BRICHOS binds to a designed amyloid-forming β-protein and reduces proteasomal inhibition and aggresome formation
Authors: Dolfe Lisa , Winblad Bengt , Johansson Jan , Presto Jenny
Published: November 2015

The BRICHOS domain is associated with proliferative, degenerative and amyloid diseases, and it has been shown to inhibit fibril formation and toxicity of the Alzheimer's disease-associated amyloid β-peptide. ProSP-C (prosurfactant protein C) BRICHOS binds to stretches of hydrophobic amino acid residues, which are unfolded or in β-strand conformation, suggesting that it may have broad anti-amyloid activity. We have studied the effect of the proSP-C BRICHOS domain on the designed amyloidogenic β-sheet proteins β17 and β23. β17 expressed in the secretory pathway of HEK (human embryonic kidney)-293 cells forms intracellular inclusions, whereas β23 is rapidly degraded. Co-expression of BRICHOS leads to a reduction in β17 inclusion size and increased levels of soluble β17 and β23. Furthermore, BRICHOS interacts with the β-proteins intracellularly, reduces their ubiquitination and decreases aggresome formation and proteasomal inhibition. Collectively, these data suggest that BRICHOS is capable of delaying the aggregation process and toxicity of amyloidogenic proteins in a generic manner.
Who Receives Speech/Language Services by 5 Years of Age in the United States?
Authors: Morgan Paul. L. , Hammer Carol Scheffner , Farkas George , Hillemeier Marianne M. , Maczuga Steve , Cook Michael , Morano Stephanie
Published: November 2015

Purpose

We sought to identify factors predictive of or associated with receipt of speech/language services during early childhood. We did so by analyzing data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Birth Cohort (ECLS-B; Andreassen & Fletcher, 2005), a nationally representative data set maintained by the U.S. Department of Education. We addressed two research questions of particular importance to speech-language pathology practice and policy. First, do early vocabulary delays increase children's likelihood of receiving speech/language services? Second, are minority children systematically less likely to receive these services than otherwise similar White children?

Method

Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed for a population-based sample of 9,600 children and families participating in the ECLS-B.

Results

Expressive vocabulary delays by 24 months of age were strongly associated with and predictive of children's receipt of speech/language services at 24, 48, and 60 months of age (adjusted odds ratio range = 4.32–16.60). Black children were less likely to receive speech/language services than otherwise similar White children at 24, 48, and 60 months of age (adjusted odds ratio range = 0.42–0.55). Lower socioeconomic status children and those whose parental primary language was other than English were also less likely to receive services. Being born with very low birth weight also significantly increased children's receipt of services at 24, 48, and 60 months of age.

Conclusion

Expressive vocabulary delays at 24 months of age increase children’s risk for later speech/language services. Increased use of culturally and linguistically sensitive practices may help racial/ethnic minority children access needed services.
500 V SOI lateral pin diode with dual deep‐oxide trenches for fast reverse recovery and suppressed oscillation
Authors: Zhu Jing , Zhang Long , Sun Weifeng , Huang Keqin , Du Yicheng
Published: November 2015

A 500 V silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) lateral pin diode is proposed. The proposed structure features dual deep‐oxide trenches (DDOTs) arranged in the i‐layer. In off‐state, the dual DDOTs can help to sustain the potential between the cathode and the anode. With the breakdown voltage of 500 V level, the i‐layer length of the proposed structure can be dramatically shortened compared with the conventional SOI diode. The fast reverse recovery is obtained due to the reduced amount of the stored carrier in on‐state. During the reverse recovery, the holes can be trapped by the gap between the adjacent deep‐oxide trenches (DOTs). Therefore, dynamic punch‐through is avoided and suppressed oscillation can be realised. The proposed structure achieves a reverse recovery time of 72 ns which is an improvement by 28% compared with the conventional SOI diode. Meanwhile, the waveform oscillation of the proposed structure is successfully suppressed, which is superior to the normal DOTs SOI lateral pin diode.
Efficient filtering structure for spline interpolation and decimation
Authors: Lamb D. , Chamon L.F.O. , Nascimento V.H.
Published: November 2015

An efficient structure for spline‐based fractional delay filtering for interpolation/decimation is introduced. Inspired by the Newton structures for Lagrange interpolation, it requires less than half the number of operations of a typical Farrow implementation. Moreover, it displays better frequency response characteristics than Lagrange‐based filters. To obtain this structure, a matrix form of the Farrow transfer function is proposed and used to derive state‐space transformations between the Lagrange‐Farrow structure and its Newton counterpart. These transformations are then applied to the spline polynomial, giving rise to the efficient Newton‐like spline filtering method.
Performance analysis of physical layer security over α–μ fading channel
Authors: Kong L. , Tran H. , Kaddoum G.
Published: November 2015

Recently, many works have focused on analysing the metrics of physical layer security over different wireless channels such as additive white Gaussian noise, Rayleigh, Rician and Nakagami‐m fading distributions. To extend the analysis to the general case, the α–μ fading channel is considered, which can span the aforementioned cases. For this purpose, the physical layer security over the α–μ fading channel is presented. The closed‐form expressions for the probability of positive secrecy capacity and upper bound of the secrecy outage probability are derived. Their accuracies are assessed through comparison of theoretical analysis and simulations results.
Q‐switched thulium‐doped fibre ring lasers operating at 1.9 μm using multi‐walled carbon nanotubes in UV‐curing resin
Authors: Sakata H. , Kimpara K. , Takahashi N.
Published: November 2015

The passively Q‐switched operation of all‐fibre thulium fibre lasers using UV‐curing resin doped with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes as a saturable absorber is demonstrated. A single‐mode thulium‐doped silica fibre is pumped by a laser diode emitting at 1.63 µm through a wavelength‐division multiplexing coupler. Unidirectional laser output from the fibre ring resonator is attained by using the retroreflector at the counter‐directional output port. The fibre laser exhibits 1.9 µm wavelength pulsed oscillation at a repetition rate of 7.2 kHz. When the pump power is increased to 161 mW, the output pulse power is measured by 150 mW with a pulse width of 3.2 µs.
Compact 3‐dB waveguide hybrid with full bandwidth
Authors: Wu Chenyang , Wang Qingyuan , Tian Xi
Published: November 2015

A compact waveguide 3‐dB hybrid with full bandwidth is proposed in this Letter. The tight coupling and full bandwidth of Ka‐band (from 26.3 to 40 GHz) are achieved by introducing multi‐sections of waveguide with different width and depth, together with loaded posts on the bottom of some waveguide sections. The whole structure is symmetric both longitudinally and transversely (patent pending). The measured results show that return loss and isolation of the hybrid better than 25 dB and 26 dB, respectively, phase difference of the two output terminals within 90° ± 3° and the power‐split unbalance within 3.1 dB ± 0.5 dB are achieved over the full Ka‐band waveguide bandwidth.
CRS interference cancellation algorithm for heterogeneous network
Authors: Luo H. , Li W. , Zhang Y. , Huang L.‐K. , Cosmas J. , Ni Q.
Published: November 2015

Heterogeneous network is introduced to improve the network capacity in LTE Release 9 and system beyond. The potential traffic congestion due to increased users can be alleviated by the cooperation between macro‐cell and pico‐cell. However, the inter‐cell interference caused by RF signal from macro‐cell will reduce the performance severely. Enhanced inter‐cell interference coordination is proposed in Rel. 10 to solve this problem using almost blank subframe (ABS). Yet, the cell specific reference signal in ABS can still cause interference to the data resource element (RE) from the pico‐cell inevitably for non‐colliding scenario. In this Letter, a novel interference cancellation (IC) algorithm is proposed to mitigate the interference. First, the timing and carrier frequency offset of interference signal is estimated and compensated. Second, the interfering channel response is estimated by utilising the channel statistics. Third, the interference signal is reconstructed based on the channel estimation and cancelled in the received signal in time domain. The experiment results show that the performance of proposed IC algorithm is robust.
Discriminative local difference patterns for robust face recognition
Authors: Chen Si , Yan Yan
Published: November 2015

A novel facial feature descriptor, termed discriminative local difference patterns (DLDP), is proposed for robust face recognition. DLDP extracts local difference patterns (LDP) based on directional texture operators. To improve the compactness and discriminability of LDP, a two‐stage linear discriminant analysis for dimensionality reduction is further applied. The proposed DLDP effectively captures the local and holistic characteristics of the face image and shows great tolerance to illumination changes, robustness to variations in pose and facial expression, and computational efficiency. Experimental results on challenging face databases show that DLDP consistently outperforms current state‐of‐the‐art facial feature descriptors.
High‐speed transimpedance amplifier with runtime adaptive bandwidth and power consumption in 0.13 μm SiGe BiCMOS
Authors: Schoeniger D. , Henker R. , Ellinger F.
Published: November 2015

A high‐speed transimpedance amplifier (TIA) implemented in 0.13 μm SiGe BiCMOS with a novel bandwidth and power consumption tuning approach is presented. By tuning the circuit bandwidth continuously from 61.6 to 12.8 GHz during runtime, the power consumption of the main amplifier can be reduced by a factor of around 5. Leading to a power consumption reduction of 40% for the TIA core. Despite the power reduction the gain is kept constant at 69.8 dBΩ by utilising field effect transistors as steerable resistors. The high maximum bandwidth admits data rates up to more than 88 Gbit/s with a power consumption of only 78.1 mW. This yields to a very good energy efficiency of 0.888 pJ/bit and a very high gain bandwidth product of 189.8 kΩGHz at the same time. The mentioned performance parameters in conjunction with the bandwidth and power consumption scalability make the TIA well suited for energy‐efficient high‐speed optical interconnects, e.g. in future high performance computing platforms.
Improved anti‐jamming scheme for direct‐sequence spread‐spectrum receivers
Authors: Dai Weihua , Qiao Chunjie , Wang Yueke , Zhou Chao
Published: November 2015

An anti‐jamming scheme on the base band instead of the intermediate frequency (IF) is proposed to improve the anti‐jamming capability of direct‐sequence spread‐spectrum (DSSS) receivers. For time–frequency domain technology, both the residual jamming energy and the unexpected loss of signal energy resulting from inaccurate jamming rejection would reduce the capability of signal acquisition. The scheme of detecting jamming by FFT and rejecting jamming by notch filters on the base band is exploited to improve the accuracy of jamming rejection. Monte Carlo simulation results show that the proposed scheme could enhance the anti‐jamming capability of DSSS receivers.
Reduced gate leakage current of AlInN:Mg/GaN high electron mobility transistors
Authors: Kim S. , Ryou J.‐H. , Dupuis R.D. , Kim H.
Published: November 2015

AlInN/GaN high electron mobility transistors fabricated with the semi‐insulating barrier layer was investigated to reduce the gate leakage current. The gate leakage current was obtained to be as low as 4.1 × 10−4 mA/mm at the gate bias of −10 V owing to the use of higher and thicker potential barrier of Mg‐doped AlInN.
Double threshold‐based cooperative spectrum sensing for a cognitive radio network with improved energy detectors
Authors: Bhowmick Abhijit , Chandra Aniruddha , Dhar Roy Sanjay , Kundu Sumit
Published: November 2015

Performance of cooperative spectrum sensing in a cognitive radio (CR) network is investigated where each CR node uses an improved energy detector (IED) to sense the primary user (PU), and makes a local decision regarding the presence of PU using double thresholds (DTHs). The local hard decisions are combined at fusion centre (FC) to obtain the global decision. The advantage of a DTH‐based system over a single threshold based one is, a CR node can opt for no decision when a decision variable lies in the fuzzy zone between two thresholds. Such censoring reduces the transmission overhead between CR and FC without significantly affecting the receiver operating characteristics. In this study, the performance of the abovementioned CR network has been assessed in terms of the average number of normalised transmitted sensing bits (knor), the total error probability (Pe,n) and optimal number of CR users that ensures minimum Pe,n. It was observed that knor increases as the signal power raise factor of IED increases or failed sensing probability decreases. Further, the agility of the network improves as the PU death rate increases. Impact of reporting channel on the sensing performance has also been indicated.
Channel quality indicator decoding for talk‐around direct communications based on IEEE 802.16.1a
Authors: Choi Jihoon , Jung Young‐Ho
Published: November 2015

Codeword decoding schemes are proposed for the channel quality indicator (CQI) of talk‐around direct communications based on IEEE 802.16.1a that supports public protection and disaster relief operations. Since a CQI payload is encoded by using near‐orthogonal block encoding, a non‐coherent correlation method is employed at the receiver to find the CQI index with maximum correlation. To enhance the decoding performance in high mobility environments, a differential decoding scheme is developed. By combining the correlation method and the differential decoder, a new hybrid decoding scheme is proposed. Since the proposed hybrid decoder uses the correlation approach in slow fading channels and exploits the differential decoding in fast fading channels, its decoding performance is robust to the rate of channel variation. Through theoretical analysis and numerical simulations in direction communication environments, it is shown that the proposed non‐coherent decoders are advantageous than a coherent decoding scheme, and the performance of the proposed non‐coherent decoders is compared for varying channel variation rate.
Performance analysis of non‐orthogonal multiple access in downlink cooperative network
Authors: Men Jinjin , Ge Jianhua
Published: November 2015

Non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), an emerging technology to improve system capacity and spectrum efficiency, has attracted significant attention. In this study, the authors propose a NOMA‐based downlink cooperative cellular system, where the base station communicates with two paired mobile users simultaneously through the help of a half‐duplex amplify‐and‐forward relay. The outage performance of the system is investigated and closed‐form expressions for their respective exact and asymptotic outage scheme are derived. Furthermore, they study the ergodic sum rate of the two paired users and the upper bound of the ergodic sum rate is obtained. By comparing the NOMA with conventional multiple access (MA) via numerical simulations, they have shown that NOMA can obtain the same diversity order with conventional MA, and achieve nearly the same sum rate with conventional MA. Furthermore, NOMA can offer better spectral efficiency and user fairness since more users are served at the same time, frequency, and spreading code.
Improving the probability of complete decoding of random code by trading‐off computational complexity
Authors: Chong Zan‐Kai , Goi Bok‐Min , Ohsaki Hiroyuki , Bryan Ng Cheng‐Kuan , Ewe Hong‐Tat
Published: November 2015

Random code is a rateless erasure code that can reconstruct the original message of k symbols from any k + 10 encoded symbols with high probability of complete decoding (PCD), i.e. 99.9% successful decoding, irrespective of the message length, k. Nonetheless, random code is inefficient in reconstructing short messages. For example, a message of k = 10 symbols requires k + 10 = 20 encoded symbols, i.e. two times the original message length in order to achieve high PCD. In this study, the authors propose micro‐random code that encodes and decodes the original message using symbols of smaller dimensions, namely micro symbols. The authors’ analysis and numerical simulations show that micro‐random code achieves high PCD with only k + 1 encoded symbols. As the trade‐off for such a gain, the number of steps for decoding increases exponentially with each incrementing segmentation factor, α. In addition, the numerical results show that the decoding time increases by about 400% at α = 10, depending on the processing power of the system.
Analysis of earth‐to‐satellite free‐space optical link performance in the presence of turbulence, beam‐wander induced pointing error and weather conditions for different intensity modulation schemes
Authors: Viswanath Anjitha , Jain Virander Kumar , Kar Subrat
Published: November 2015

In this study, the authors evaluate the performance of an earth‐to‐satellite free‐space optical link in terms of bit error rate (BER) for three intensity modulation (IM) schemes [on–off keying (OOK), M‐ary pulse position modulation (M‐PPM) and M‐ary differential PPM (M‐DPPM)] and direct detection receiver. The performance is analysed in the presence of atmospheric turbulence, beam‐wander induced pointing error and weather conditions. Turbulence with beam wander effect is modelled using gamma‐gamma distribution and the weather effects are incorporated using the Beer‐Lambert law. They obtain closed form BER expressions for the above IM schemes using combined channel state probability density functions. They show that for the same average power, M‐PPM offers the best performance, followed by M‐DPPM and OOK schemes. Link performance degrades for all IM schemes with increase in the value of ground level refractive index structure parameter and bit rate. Presence of weather conditions like moderate, light and thin fog increase signal attenuation and this increase may be very high in case of thick and dense fog or clouds and can lead to link failure.
Robust load‐frequency control in interconnected power systems
Authors: Chuang Ning
Published: November 2015

This study describes a robust load‐frequency control (LFC) scheme in a two‐area interconnected power system with uncertain disturbances. A sector‐bounded H∞ control approach is used for compensating of the non‐linearities based on a minimum order dynamic LFC model to avoid the complexity of a high‐order model. The simulation in time domain from the use of the proposed controller has been compared with the use of a conventional proportional–integral (PI) type controller affected by the same load change. The simulated results have proved the significant improvement over the PI controller and have verified the effectiveness of the proposed robust H∞ controller which can minimise the frequency deviations significantly. This approach treats the tie‐line power exchanges in the presences of external disturbance, parameter uncertainties and accidental crashing of generating units as the structural or model uncertainties discussed in this study. Simulation results also show that the proposed H∞ controller guarantees robust performance and fast response under a wide range of operating conditions and system uncertainties.
Design and investigation of double gate Schottky barrier MOSFET using gate engineering
Authors: Kale Sumit , Kondekar P.N.
Published: November 2015

For the first time, a distinctive approach to design and investigate double‐gate Schottky Barrier MOSFET (DG SB‐MOSFET) using gate engineering is reported. Three isolated gates (one Control gate and two N ‐gates) of different work‐functions on both sides of the gate oxides have been used. In the proposed device, without the need of doping, n ‐type region is formed at the source/drain contact‐channel interfaces by inducing electron in the ultrathin intrinsic silicon channel using appropriate work‐function metal N ‐gates. Using N ‐gates, the Schottky barrier height and tunnelling barrier width have been modulated to enhance the carrier injection similar to conventional dopant segregated (DS) SB‐MOSFET. Moreover, the proposed DG SB‐MOSFET behaves such as a conventional DS SB‐MOSFET. The proposed device is expected to be free from variability caused by random dopant fluctuations. Furthermore, it offers simplified process flow with relaxing the need of doping to form dopant segregation layer and increased immunity to device variability.
Relation between pore size and the compressibility of a confined fluid
Authors: Gor Gennady Y. , Siderius Daniel W. , Rasmussen Christopher J. , Krekelberg William P. , Shen Vincent K. , Bernstein Noam
Published: November 2015

When a fluid is confined to a nanopore, its thermodynamic properties differ from the properties of a bulk fluid, so measuring such properties of the confined fluid can provide information about the pore sizes. Here, we report a simple relation between the pore size and isothermal compressibility of argon confined in such pores. Compressibility is calculated from the fluctuations of the number of particles in the grand canonical ensemble using two different simulation techniques: conventional grand-canonical Monte Carlo and grand-canonical ensemble transition-matrix Monte Carlo. Our results provide a theoretical framework for extracting the information on the pore sizes of fluid-saturated samples by measuring the compressibility from ultrasonic experiments.
Microfluidic assembly kit based on laser-cut building blocks for education and fast prototyping
Authors: Gerber Lukas C. , Kim Honesty , Riedel-Kruse Ingmar H.
Published: November 2015

Here, we present an inexpensive rapid-prototyping method that allows researchers and children to quickly assemble multi-layered microfluidic devices from easily pre-fabricated building blocks. We developed low-cost (<$2) kits based on laser-cut acrylic building block pieces and double-sided tape that allow users to generate water droplets in oil, capture living cells, and conduct basic phototaxis experiments. We developed and tested a 90-min lesson plan with children aged 12–14 yr and provide here the instructions for teachers to replicate these experiments and lessons. All parts of the kit are easy to make or order. We propose to use such easy to fabricate kits in labs with no access to current microfluidic tools as well as in classroom environments to get exposure to the powerful techniques of microfluidics.
Photodissociation dynamics of CH3C(O)SH in argon matrix: A QM/MM nonadiabatic dynamics simulation
Authors: Xia Shu-Hua , Liu Xiang-Yang , Fang Qiu , Cui Ganglong
Published: November 2015

In this work, we have first employed the combined quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) method to study the photodissociation mechanism of thioacetic acid CH3C(O)SH in the S1, T1, and S0 states in argon matrix. CH3C(O)SH is treated quantum mechanically using the complete active space self-consistent field and complete active space second-order perturbation theory methods; argon matrix is described classically using Lennard-Jones potentials. We find that the C-S bond fission is predominant due to its small barriers of ca. 3.0 and 1.0 kcal/mol in the S1 and T1 states. It completely suppresses the nearby C—C bond fission. After the bond fission, the S1 radical pair of CH3CO and SH can decay to the S0 and T1 states via internal conversion and intersystem crossing, respectively. In the S0 state, the radical pair can either recombine to form CH3C(O)SH or proceed to form molecular products of CH2CO and H2S. We have further employed our recently developed QM/MM generalized trajectory-based surface-hopping method to simulate the photodissociation dynamics of CH3C(O)SH. In 1 ps dynamics simulation, 56% trajectories stay at the Franck-Condon region; the S1 C—S bond fission takes place in the remaining 44% trajectories. Among all nonadiabatic transitions, the S1 → S0 internal conversion is major (55%) but the S1 → T1 intersystem crossing is still comparable and cannot be ignored, which accounts for 28%. Finally, we have found a radical channel generating the molecular products of CH2CO and H2S, which is complementary to the concerted molecular channel. The present work sets the stage for simulating photodissociation dynamics of similar thio-carbonyl systems in matrix.
Depth-dependent giant lattice expansion of up to 5% in ionic liquid-gated 90 nm thick VO2 (001)/Al2O3 (101¯) films
Authors: Passarello Donata , Jeong Jaewoo , Samant Mahesh G. , Parkin Stuart S. P.
Published: November 2015

We have previously shown that ionic liquid gating suppresses the metal to insulator transition (MIT) from near room temperature to low temperatures in epitaxial VO2 films grown on TiO2(001) and (101), and Al2O3 (101¯0), for thicknesses up to ∼40 nm. We also showed that for 10 nm VO2 films grown on TiO2 (001), the suppression of the MIT is preceded by a structural phase transition in which the films expand nearly uniformly out-of-plane by as much as 3%. Here, we report that the MIT of much thicker VO2 films, grown on Al2O3 (101¯0), even as thick as 90 nm, is suppressed throughout the thickness of the film by ionic liquid gating, and that these films also show a significant lattice expansion. This lattice expansion is non-uniform with a near surface region that is expanded by up to 5%, with the bulk of the film exhibiting a depth-dependent expansion that decreases from the top to the bottom of the film.
Electronic and optical properties of titanium nitride bulk and surfaces from first principles calculations
Authors: Mehmood Faisal , Pachter Ruth , Murphy Neil R. , Johnson Walter E.
Published: November 2015

Prediction of the frequency-dependent dielectric function of thin films poses computational challenges, and at the same time experimental characterization by spectroscopic ellipsometry remains difficult to interpret because of changes in stoichiometry and surface morphology, temperature, thickness of the film, or substrate. In this work, we report calculations for titanium nitride (TiN), a promising material for plasmonic applications because of less loss and other practical advantages compared to noble metals. We investigated structural, electronic, and optical properties of stoichiometric bulk TiN, as well as of the TiN(100), TiN(110), and TiN(111) outermost surfaces. Density functional theory (DFT) and many-body GW methods (Green's (G) function-based approximation with screened Coulomb interaction (W)) were used, ranging from G0W0, GW0 to partially self-consistent sc-GW0, as well as the GW-BSE (Bethe-Salpeter equation) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) methods for prediction of the optical properties. Structural parameters and the band structure for bulk TiN were shown to be consistent with previous work. Calculated dielectric functions, plasma frequencies, reflectivity, and the electron energy loss spectrum demonstrated consistency with experiment at the GW0-BSE level. Deviations from experimental data are expected due to varying experimental conditions. Comparison of our results to spectroscopic ellipsometry data for realistic nanostructures has shown that although TDDFT may provide a computationally feasible level of theory in evaluation of the dielectric function, application is subject to validation with GW-BSE calculations.
Jet formation in cerium metal to examine material strength
Authors: Jensen B. J. , Cherne F. J. , Prime M. B. , Fezzaa K. , Iverson A. J. , Carlson C. A. , Yeager J. D. , Ramos K. J. , Hooks D. E. , Cooley J. C. , Dimonte G.
Published: November 2015

Examining the evolution of material properties at extreme conditions advances our understanding of numerous high-pressure phenomena from natural events like meteorite impacts to general solid mechanics and fluid flow behavior. Recent advances in synchrotron diagnostics coupled with dynamic compression platforms have introduced new possibilities for examining in-situ, spatially resolved material response with nanosecond time resolution. In this work, we examined jet formation from a Richtmyer-Meshkov instability in cerium initially shocked into a transient, high-pressure phase, and then released to a low-pressure, higher-temperature state. Cerium's rich phase diagram allows us to study the yield stress following a shock induced solid-solid phase transition. X-ray imaging was used to obtain images of jet formation and evolution with 2–3 μm spatial resolution. From these images, an analytic method was used to estimate the post-shock yield stress, and these results were compared to continuum calculations that incorporated an experimentally validated equation-of-state (EOS) for cerium coupled with a deviatoric strength model. Reasonable agreement was observed between the calculations and the data illustrating the sensitivity of jet formation on the yield stress values. The data and analysis shown here provide insight into material strength during dynamic loading which is expected to aid in the development of strength aware multi-phase EOS required to predict the response of matter at extreme conditions.
A zero-equation turbulence model for two-dimensional hybrid Hall thruster simulations
Authors: Cappelli Mark A. , Young Christopher V. , Cha Eunsun , Fernandez Eduardo
Published: November 2015

We present a model for electron transport across the magnetic field of a Hall thruster and integrate this model into 2-D hybrid particle-in-cell simulations. The model is based on a simple scaling of the turbulent electron energy dissipation rate and the assumption that this dissipation results in Ohmic heating. Implementing the model into 2-D hybrid simulations is straightforward and leverages the existing framework for solving the electron fluid equations. The model recovers the axial variation in the mobility seen in experiments, predicting the generation of a transport barrier which anchors the region of plasma acceleration. The predicted xenon neutral and ion velocities are found to be in good agreement with laser-induced fluorescence measurements.