bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The honey‐trap of workplace friendship: Developing and testing a three‐way interaction model to understand when and why workplace friendship triggers employee withdrawal behaviour
Authors: Wang Shuai , Liu Yuxin , Hu Yu , Zhang Jianwei , Li Shujie , Chen Yun
Published: June 2023

Although previous research has found that workplace friendship has beneficial effects on employees' and organisations' consequences, knowledge regarding the complexity and dark sides of workplace friendship is limited. Our purpose is to develop and test a three‐way interaction model that explains when and how negative outcomes of workplace friendship are likely to unfold considering both individual personality and contextual conditions. Based on the stressor‐emotion model, we argue that workplace friendship may also be a stressor due to its conflicting and contradictory dual roles, which in turn triggers negative employees' emotions, thus, leading to withdrawal behaviour. Furthermore, we propose that emotional reactivity and task interdependence are individual and contextual factors that induce and catalyse the negative effect of workplace friendship. By analysing the data from 429 respondents, the result supported our hypotheses. Overall, our research provides a theoretical and empirical foundation for future research on the dark sides of workplace friendship.
Lobeline: A multifunctional alkaloid modulates cholinergic and glutamatergic activities
Authors: Remya Chandran , Dileep Kalarickal V. , Variyar Elessery J. , Omkumar Ramakrishnapillai V. , Sadasivan Chittalakkottu
Published: June 2023

Developing drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an extremely challenging task due to its devastating pathology. Previous studies have indicated that natural compounds play a crucial role as lead molecules in the development of drugs. Even though, there are remarkable technological advancements in the isolation and synthesis of natural compounds, the targets for many of them are still unknown. In the present study, lobeline, a piperidine alkaloid has been identified as a cholinesterase inhibitor through chemical similarity assisted target fishing method. The structural similarities between lobeline and donepezil, a known acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor encouraged us to hypothesize that lobeline may also exhibit AChE inhibitory properties. It was further confirmed by in silico, in vitro and biophysical studies that lobeline could inhibit cholinesterase. The binding profiles indicated that lobeline has a higher affinity for AChE than BChE. Since excitotoxicity is one of the major pathological events associated with AD progression, we also investigated the neuroprotective potential of lobeline against glutamate mediated excitotoxicity in rat primary cortical neurons. The cell based NMDA receptor (NMDAR) assay with lobeline suggested that neuroprotective potential of lobeline is mediated through the blockade of NMDAR activity.
Aspirin deprescribing in patients on oral anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism: A national survey of clinician practices
Authors: Ou Sylvia , Pozzolano Erin , Datta Avisek , Bhaumik Dulal , Shapiro Nancy
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Concomitant use of oral anticoagulation (OAC) and aspirin increases bleeding risk without decreasing thromboembolic events compared with OAC monotherapy. Weak guideline recommendations and limited data exist for deprescribing aspirin for primary prevention or stable coronary artery disease in patients already on OAC for atrial fibrillation (AF) or venous thromboembolism (VTE).

Objectives

The objective of this study was to identify aspirin deprescribing practices among clinicians for patients on OAC for AF or VTE and concomitant aspirin for non‐compelling reasons.

Methods

A cross‐sectional, national survey was electronically distributed to pharmacists and non‐pharmacists (physicians, nurse practitioners, physician assistants). Co‐primary end points were composite aspirin discontinuation rates in patients on OAC for AF or VTE in primary prevention and stable coronary artery disease (CAD) cases. Key secondary end points were clinician comfort level with deprescribing aspirin and availability of institutional protocols.

Results

Three hundred four responses were included: 212 (69.7%) pharmacists and 92 (30.3%) non‐pharmacists. Mean age of respondents was 35.4 years, and 37.4% male. In the primary prevention cases, pharmacists were more likely to discontinue aspirin than non‐pharmacists (76.7% vs. 54.6%, p < 0.001). In the stable CAD cases, composite rates of aspirin discontinuation by pharmacists and non‐pharmacists were similar (41.7% vs. 40.1%, p = 0.140). More pharmacists than non‐pharmacists stated that their aspirin deprescribing decisions were independent of the type of OAC that was used (60.4% vs. 35.9%, p < 0.001). Pharmacists were more likely to discontinue aspirin after discussing with patients compared with non‐pharmacists (62.7% vs. 47.8%, p = 0.017). 27.3% of clinicians reported having a protocol to deprescribe aspirin at their institution/clinic.

Conclusion

There are variations in aspirin deprescribing practices among clinicians in patients on OAC for AF or VTE and without compelling indications for aspirin. Further studies and stronger recommendations are warranted to guide clinicians regarding optimal antithrombotic therapy in these scenarios. Lack of institutional protocols for aspirin deprescribing creates opportunities for future quality improvement initiatives.
Breast cancer, alcohol, and phosphate toxicity
Authors: Brown Ronald B. , Bigelow Philip , Dubin Joel A. , Neiterman Elena
Published: June 2023

Alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, even at low alcohol intake levels, but public awareness of the breast cancer risk associated with alcohol intake is low. Furthermore, the causative mechanisms underlying alcohol's association with breast cancer are unknown. The present theoretical paper uses a modified grounded theory method to review the research literature and propose that alcohol's association with breast cancer is mediated by phosphate toxicity, the accumulation of excess inorganic phosphate in body tissue. Serum levels of inorganic phosphate are regulated through a network of hormones released from the bone, kidneys, parathyroid glands, and intestines. Alcohol burdens renal function, which may disturb the regulation of inorganic phosphate, impair phosphate excretion, and increase phosphate toxicity. In addition to causing cellular dehydration, alcohol is an etiologic factor in nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis, which ruptures cell membranes and releases inorganic phosphate into the serum, leading to hyperphosphatemia. Phosphate toxicity is also associated with tumorigenesis, as high levels of inorganic phosphate within the tumor microenvironment activate cell signaling pathways and promote cancer cell growth. Furthermore, phosphate toxicity potentially links cancer and kidney disease in onco‐nephrology. Insights into the mediating role of phosphate toxicity may lead to future research and interventions that raise public health awareness of breast cancer risk and alcohol consumption.
Antidementia medication acetylcholinesterase inhibitors have therapeutic benefits on osteoporotic bone by attenuating osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption
Authors: Li Shangfu , Teguh Dian , Wu Depeng , Liu Lesong , Hu Chaofeng , Yuan Jinbo , Inderjeeth Charles A. , Xu Jiake
Published: June 2023

This study was designed to determine whether the use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs), a group of drugs that stimulate acetylcholine receptors and are used to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD), is associated with osteoporosis protection and inhibition of osteoclast differentiation and function. Firstly, we examined the effects of AChEIs on RANKL‐induced osteoclast differentiation and function with osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption assays. Next, we investigated the impacts of AChEIs on RANKL‐induced nuclear factor κB and NFATc1 activation and expression of osteoclast marker proteins CA‐2, CTSK and NFATc1, and dissected the MAPK signaling in osteoclasts in vitro by using luciferase assay and Western blot. Finally, we assessed the in vivo efficacy of AChEIs using an ovariectomy‐induced osteoporosis mouse model, which was analyzed using microcomputed tomography, in vivo osteoclast and osteoblast parameters were assessed using histomorphometry. We found that Donepezil and Rivastigmine inhibited RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis and impaired osteoclastic bone resorption. Moreover, AChEIs reduced the RANKL‐induced transcription of Nfatc1, and expression of osteoclast marker genes to varying degrees (mainly Donepezil and Rivastigmine but not Galantamine). Furthermore, AChEIs variably inhibited RANKL‐induced MAPK signaling accompanied by downregulation of AChE transcription. Finally, AChEIs protected against OVX‐induced bone loss mainly by inhibiting osteoclast activity. Taken together, AChEIs (mainly Donepezil and Rivastigmine) exerted a positive effect on bone protection by inhibiting osteoclast function through MAPK and NFATc1 signaling pathways through downregulating AChE. Our findings have important clinical implications that elderly patients with dementia who are at risk of developing osteoporosis may potentially benefit from therapy with the AChEI drugs. Our study may influence drug choice in those patients with both AD and osteoporosis.
Synthesis of nalbuphine and investigation of several mixtures of nalbuphine with other drugs for BALB/c mice anesthesia
Authors: Taghizadeh Mohammad Javad , Hajizade Abbas
Published: June 2023

In this research, the conversion of thebaine into oxycodone was achieved using oxidizing reagents, with a yield of 80%. Subsequently, oxycodone was converted into oxymorphone in the presence of an acidic environment, resulting in a yield of 55%. The synthesized oxymorphone was then de‐methylated using ethyl chloroformate to obtain the intermediate noroxymorphone. The latter was further transformed into nalbuphone using cyclobutyl methyl bromide reagent, with a yield of 82%. Finally, nalbuphone was converted into nalbuphine using a reducing reagent, with a yield of 75%. The identification of all intermediates was ensured through the use of NMR, FT‐IR, Mass, and HPLC spectroscopy. The chemical transformations were primarily associated with the formation of noroxymorphone, which served as a crucial intermediate in the synthesis of nalbuphin. Additionally, the effects of three drugs, namely azaperone, medetomidine, and nalbuphine, were investigated on BALB/c mice. The results showed that the best formulation for short‐term anesthesia of mice was a combination of the three drugs, each at a concentration of 1 mg/kg of body weight.
Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor in degenerative retinal diseases: Update and novel perspective
Authors: Zhang Qing‐Qing , Qu Yi
Published: June 2023

Dysfunction and death of neuronal cells are cardinal features of degenerative retinal diseases that are known to arise as the disease progresses. Increasingly evidence suggests that abnormal expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may serve as an obligatory relay of the dysfunction and death of neuronal cells in degenerative retinal diseases. Although disorder of BDNF, whether depletion or augmentation, has been connected with neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation, the exact mechanisms underlying the effect of impaired BDNF expression on degenerative retinal diseases remain unclear. Here, we present an overview of how BDNF is linked to pathological mechanism of retinal degenerative diseases, summarize BDNF‐based treatment strategies, and discuss possible research perspectives in the future.
A Scoping Review of Ultrasonographic Techniques in the Evaluation of the Pediatric Airway
Authors: Burton Luke , Bhargava Vidit
Published: June 2023

Point‐of‐care ultrasound is making rapid advancements in pediatrics, and ultrasonographic assessment of the airway is being employed in many specialties such as the pediatric, cardiac, and neonatal intensive care units, emergency department, pulmonary clinic, and the perioperative setting. This scoping review provides a technical description of image acquisition and interpretation, accompanying ultrasound images of the hallmark airway applications in pediatrics, and supporting evidence when available. We describe and illustrate ultrasound‐determined endotracheal tube (ETT) sizing, ETT placement and depth confirmation, vocal fold assessment, prediction of post‐extubation stridor, difficult laryngoscopy prediction, and cricothyrotomy guidance. This review aims to provide the descriptions and images necessary to learn and apply these skills at the point of care in the pediatric patient.
Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscle Tension in Primary Muscle Tension Dysphonia with Shear Wave Elastography
Authors: Shembel Adrianna C. , Morrison Robert A. , Fetzer David T. , Patterson‐Lachowicz Amber , McDowell Sarah , Comstock Smeltzer Julianna C. , Mau Ted
Published: June 2023

Objectives

It has been assumed that patients with primary muscle tension dysphonia (pMTD) have more extrinsic laryngeal muscle (ELM) tension, but tools to study this phenomenon lack. Shear wave elastography (SWE) is a potential method to address these shortcomings. The objectives of this study were to apply SWE to the ELMs, compare SWE measures to standard clinical metrics, and determine group differences in pMTD and typical voice users before and after vocal load.

Methods

SWE measurements of the ELMs from ultrasound examinations of the anterior neck, supraglottic compression severities from laryngoscopic images, cepstral peak prominences (CPP) from voice recordings, and self‐perceptual ratings of vocal effort and discomfort were obtained in voice users with (N = 30) and without (N = 35) pMTD, before and after a vocal load challenge.

Results

ELM tension significantly increased from rest‐to‐voiced conditions in both groups. However, the groups were similar in their ELM stiffness levels at SWE at baseline, during vocalization, and post‐vocal load. Levels of vocal effort and discomfort and supraglottic compression were significantly higher and CPP was significantly lower in the pMTD group. Vocal load had a significant effect on vocal effort and discomfort but not on laryngeal or acoustic patterns.

Conclusion

SWE can be used to quantify ELM tension with voicing. Although the pMTD group reported significantly higher levels of vocal effort and vocal tract discomfort and, on average, exhibited significantly more severe supraglottic compression and lower CPP values, there were no group differences in levels of ELM tension using SWE.

Level of Evidence

2 Laryngoscope, 133:3482–3491, 2023
Adapting model‐based deep learning to multiple acquisition conditions: Ada‐MoDL
Authors: Pramanik Aniket , Bhave Sampada , Sajib Saurav , Sharma Samir D. , Jacob Mathews
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The aim of this work is to introduce a single model‐based deep network that can provide high‐quality reconstructions from undersampled parallel MRI data acquired with multiple sequences, acquisition settings, and field strengths.

Methods

A single unrolled architecture, which offers good reconstructions for multiple acquisition settings, is introduced. The proposed scheme adapts the model to each setting by scaling the convolutional neural network (CNN) features and the regularization parameter with appropriate weights. The scaling weights and regularization parameter are derived using a multilayer perceptron model from conditional vectors, which represents the specific acquisition setting. The perceptron parameters and the CNN weights are jointly trained using data from multiple acquisition settings, including differences in field strengths, acceleration, and contrasts. The conditional network is validated using datasets acquired with different acquisition settings.

Results

The comparison of the adaptive framework, which trains a single model using the data from all the settings, shows that it can offer consistently improved performance for each acquisition condition. The comparison of the proposed scheme with networks that are trained independently for each acquisition setting shows that it requires less training data per acquisition setting to offer good performance.

Conclusion

The Ada‐MoDL framework enables the use of a single model‐based unrolled network for multiple acquisition settings. In addition to eliminating the need to train and store multiple networks for different acquisition settings, this approach reduces the training data needed for each acquisition setting.
Revealing tumor microstructure with oscillating diffusion encoding MRI in pre‐surgical and post‐treatment glioma patients
Authors: Zhu Ante , Shih Robert , Huang Raymond Y. , DeMarco J. Kevin , Bhushan Chitresh , Morris H. Douglas , Kohls Gail , Yeo Desmond T. B. , Marinelli Luca , Mitra Jhimli , Hood Maureen , Ho Vincent B. , Foo Thomas K. F.
Published: June 2023

Purpose

We hypothesized that the time‐dependent diffusivity at short diffusion times, as measured by oscillating gradient spin echo (OGSE) diffusion MRI, can characterize tissue microstructures in glioma patients.

Theory and Methods

Five adult patients with known diffuse glioma, including two pre‐surgical and three with new enhancing lesions after treatment for high‐grade glioma, were scanned in an ultra‐high‐performance gradient 3.0T MRI system. OGSE diffusion MRI at 30–100 Hz and pulsed gradient spin echo diffusion imaging (approximated as 0 Hz) were obtained. The ADC and trace‐diffusion‐weighted image at each acquired frequency were calculated, that is, ADC (f) and TraceDWI (f).

Results

In pre‐surgical patients, biopsy‐confirmed solid enhancing tumor in a high‐grade glioblastoma showed higher and lower , compared to that at same OGSE frequency in a low‐grade astrocytoma. In post‐treatment patients, the enhancing lesions of two patients who were diagnosed with tumor progression contained more voxels with high and low , compared to the enhancing lesions of a patient who was diagnosed with treatment effect. Non‐enhancing T2 signal abnormality lesions in both the pre‐surgical high‐grade glioblastoma and post‐treatment tumor progressions showed regions with high and low , consistent with infiltrative tumor. The solid tumor of the glioblastoma, the enhancing lesions of post‐treatment tumor progressions, and the suspected infiltrative tumors showed high diffusion time‐dependency from 30 to 100 Hz, consistent with high intra‐tumoral volume fraction (cellular density).

Conclusion

Different characteristics of OGSE‐based time‐dependent diffusivity can reveal heterogenous tissue microstructures that indicate cellular density in glioma patients.
Retrospective frequency drift correction of rosette MRSI data using spectral registration
Authors: Senthil Sneha , Kadota Brenden , Truong Peter , Near Jamie
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Frequency drift correction is an important postprocessing step in MRS that yields improvements in spectral quality and metabolite quantification. Although routinely applied in single‐voxel MRS, drift correction is much more challenging in MRSI due to the presence of phase‐encoding gradients. Thus, separately acquired navigator scans are normally required for drift estimation. In this work, we demonstrate the use of self‐navigating rosette MRSI trajectories combined with time‐domain spectral registration to enable retrospective frequency drift corrections without the need for separately acquired navigator echoes.

Methods

A rosette MRSI sequence was implemented to acquire data from the brains of 5 healthy volunteers. FIDs from the center of k‐space ( FIDs) were isolated from each shot of the rosette acquisition, and time‐domain spectral registration was used to estimate the frequency offset of each FID relative to a reference scan (the first FID in the series). The estimated frequency offsets were then used to apply corrections throughout ‐space. Improvements in spectral quality were assessed before and after drift correction.

Results

Spectral registration resulted in significant improvements in signal‐to‐noise ratio (12.9%) and spectral linewidths (18.5%). Metabolite quantification was performed using LCModel, and the average Cramer‐Rao lower bounds uncertainty estimates were reduced by 5.0% for all metabolites, following field drift correction.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated the use of self‐navigating rosette MRSI trajectories to retrospectively correct frequency drift errors in in vivo MRSI data. This correction yields meaningful improvements in spectral quality.
High‐fidelity direct contrast synthesis from magnetic resonance fingerprinting
Authors: Wang Ke , Doneva Mariya , Meineke Jakob , Amthor Thomas , Karasan Ekin , Tan Fei , Tamir Jonathan I. , Yu Stella X. , Lustig Michael
Published: June 2023

Purpose

This work was aimed at proposing a supervised learning‐based method that directly synthesizes contrast‐weighted images from the Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF) data without performing quantitative mapping and spin‐dynamics simulations.

Methods

To implement our direct contrast synthesis (DCS) method, we deploy a conditional generative adversarial network (GAN) framework with a multi‐branch U‐Net as the generator and a multilayer CNN (PatchGAN) as the discriminator. We refer to our proposed approach as N‐DCSNet. The input MRF data are used to directly synthesize T1‐weighted, T2‐weighted, and fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images through supervised training on paired MRF and target spin echo‐based contrast‐weighted scans. The performance of our proposed method is demonstrated on in vivo MRF scans from healthy volunteers. Quantitative metrics, including normalized root mean square error (nRMSE), peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity (SSIM), learned perceptual image patch similarity (LPIPS), and Fréchet inception distance (FID), were used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method and compare it with others.

Results

In‐vivo experiments demonstrated excellent image quality with respect to that of simulation‐based contrast synthesis and previous DCS methods, both visually and according to quantitative metrics. We also demonstrate cases in which our trained model is able to mitigate the in‐flow and spiral off‐resonance artifacts typically seen in MRF reconstructions, and thus more faithfully represent conventional spin echo‐based contrast‐weighted images.

Conclusion

We present N‐DCSNet to directly synthesize high‐fidelity multicontrast MR images from a single MRF acquisition. This method can significantly decrease examination time. By directly training a network to generate contrast‐weighted images, our method does not require any model‐based simulation and therefore can avoid reconstruction errors due to dictionary matching and contrast simulation (code available at:https://github.com/mikgroup/DCSNet).
Effectiveness and methods of cryotherapy in reducing swelling after total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review on randomized controlled trials
Authors: Lee Yoonyoung , Shin Yong Soon , Kim Hyun Jung , An Jiwon
Published: June 2023

Aim

This study aims to investigate the effect and methods of cryotherapy in reducing swelling after total knee arthroplasty.

Design

Systematic review.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, KoreaMed, KERIS and National Science Digital Library for randomized controlled trials on 19 August 2021. This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA 2009 checklist.

Results

A total of eight randomized controlled trials were systematically reviewed to determine the effect and methods of cryotherapy on reducing postoperative swelling. The effects were not significantly different in six studies. Application time per cryotherapy session was 10–20 min when using an ice pack and up to 48 h when using an automated device. The duration ranged from 2 days to 1 week or until discharge, and the frequency varied from 2 to 72 times per day.
High pyroelectric performances of graphene nanoplatelet reinforced polyvinylidene fluoride composite film
Authors: Zeng Bowen , Yang Jinlong , Hang Ziyan , Fan Yucheng , Feng Chuang , Yang Jie
Published: June 2023

As a semi‐crystalline polymer with pyroelectric properties, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) has demonstrated great potential in developing smart and multifunctional materials. However, the low level of β phase in pure PVDF restricts its pyroelectric performance and applications. Selecting graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) as the reinforcing filler, this current work pioneeringly investigates the pyroelectric performances of GNP/PVDF composite films subjected to different scenarios. It is found that the addition of GNP can significantly enhance the formation of the β phase in PVDF and the pyroelectric performances of the composite. When the GNP content is 10 wt%, the pyroelectric coefficient of the GNP/PVDF composite film reaches up to 260 μC/m2K, which is about 10 times that of pure PVDF. Parametric study demonstrates that decreasing the thickness of the composite film and increasing the temperature are beneficial to improve the pyroelectric performances. Moreover, the addition of GNPs cannot only enhance the pyroelectric performance, but also improves the thermal stability of the composite film. The work is envisaged to provide guidelines for the design and manufacturing PVDF‐based sensors with improved sensitivity.
Adsorption kinetics, isotherms and mechanisms of three‐component covalent organic polymer/sodium alginate beads for ciprofloxacin removal from aqueous solution
Authors: Shi Can , Bai Yuyang , Zhang Fangyuan , Li Yangxue , Gu Junhong , Jia Aiyuan , Liu Zhi , Liu Zhisheng , Hong Mei
Published: June 2023

Ciprofloxacin (CIP), an important representative fluoroquinolone antibiotic, has been frequently detected in water sources, thus threatening aquatic organisms and human health. In this work, a porous three‐component covalent organic polymer (SLEL‐6) was synthesized through multi‐component (MC) reaction systems for adsorptive removal of CIP from aqueous solution, followed by an encapsulation process to achieve SLEL‐6/sodium alginate (SA) beads with boosted adsorption ability, reusability and recyclability. By virtue of the hierarchical porous natures, functional groups as well as π‐rich skeletons, SLEL‐6 and SLEL‐6/SA beads could deal with CIP contamination effectively. Moreover, the adsorption isotherms of CIP by SLEL‐6 and SLEL‐6/SA beads follow the Langmuir model showing high theoretical maximum adsorption capacities of 57.47 and 163.93 mg g−1, respectively. Furthermore, the plausible mechanisms are proposed according to experimental studies of influencing factors, coupled with characterizations before and after adsorption. This work therefore highlighting the immense potential of COP‐based SA composite beads as new‐type globular adsorbents for eliminating fluoroquinolones from aqueous solution.
Ace and ace‐like genes of invasive redlegged earth mite: copy number variation, target‐site mutations, and their associations with organophosphate insensitivity
Authors: Thia Joshua A. , Umina Paul A. , Hoffmann Ary A.
Published: June 2023

Background

Invasive Australian populations of redlegged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor (Tucker), are evolving increasing organophosphate resistance. In addition to the canonical ace gene, the target gene of organophosphates, the H. destructor genome contains many radiated ace‐like genes that vary in copy number and amino acid sequence. In this work, we characterise copy number and target‐site mutation variation at the canonical ace and ace‐like genes and test for potential associations with organophosphate insensitivity. This was achieved through comparisons of whole‐genome pool‐seq data from alive and dead mites following organophosphate exposure.

Results

A combination of increased copy number and target‐site mutations at the canonical ace was associated with organophosphate insensitivity in H. destructor. Resistant populations were segregating for G119S, A201S, F331Y at the canonical ace. A subset of populations also had copy numbers of canonical ace > 2, which potentially helps overexpress proteins carrying these target‐site mutations. Haplotypes possessing different copy numbers and target‐site mutations of the canonical ace gene may be under selection across H. destructor populations. We also detected some evidence that increases in copy number of radiated ace‐like genes are associated with organophosphate insensitivity, which might suggest potential roles in sequestration or breakdown of organophosphates.

Conclusion

Different combinations of target‐site mutations and (or) copy number variation in the canonical ace and ace‐like genes may provide non‐convergent ways for H. destructor to respond to organophosphate selection. However, these changes may only play a partial role in organophosphate insensitivity, which appears to have a polygenic architecture. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Development of Cold‐Rolling Edge‐Drop Control Technology for Electrical Steel: A Review
Authors: Wei Zhen , Wang Guiqiao , Sun Jie , Peng Wen , Zhang Dianhua
Published: June 2023

As an emerging technology in the production of electrical steel, edge‐drop control (EDC) caters to the increasing requirements for the overall shape quality of strips. Herein this review, the development of EDC theory, method, and control system used in the cold‐rolling process is summarized. Also, in this review, research on EDC theory is found to be based on the 3D plastic deformation model of the strip, considering the lateral metal flow. Further, an analytical model and a numerical calculation method are employed to establish an edge‐drop calculation model with high accuracy and speed. Next, taper‐work‐roll shifting (T‐WRS), a conventional EDC technology, is found to have been greatly improved in actual production. However, T‐WRS technology involves coupling problems in terms of edge drop and crown and flatness control. Finally, the closed‐loop EDC is found to depend on the online WRS of multiple stands. Particularly, the genetic law of strip thickness in the continuous rolling process and the edge‐drop regulation characteristics of each stand in the continuous rolling mill are significant aspects; thus, a reasonable roll‐shifting control strategy must be formulated. Based on the reviewed research, the development prospect of EDC is characterized.
Genetic variation in a tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray) diversity panel reveals loci associated with biotic stress resistance
Authors: Bornowski Nolan , Hart John P. , Palacios Ana Vargas , Ogg Barry , Brick Mark A. , Hamilton John P. , Beaver James S. , Buell C. Robin , Porch Timothy
Published: June 2023

Tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray), indigenous to the arid climates of northern Mexico and the Southwest United States, diverged from common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), approximately 2 million years ago and exhibits a wide range of resistance to biotic stressors. The tepary genome is highly syntenic to the common bean genome providing a foundation for discovery and breeding of agronomic traits between these two crop species. Although a limited number of adaptive traits from tepary bean have been introgressed into common bean, hybridization barriers between these two species required the development of bridging lines to alleviate this barrier. Thus, to fully utilize the extant tepary bean germplasm as both a crop and as a donor of adaptive traits, we developed a diversity panel of 422 cultivated, weedy, and wild tepary bean accessions which were then genotyped and phenotyped to enable population genetic analyses and genome‐wide association studies for their response to a range of biotic stressors. Population structure analyses of the panel revealed eight subpopulations and the differentiation of botanical varieties within P. acutifolius. Genome‐wide association studies revealed loci and candidate genes underlying biotic stress resistance including quantitative trait loci for resistance to weevils, common bacterial blight, Fusarium wilt, and bean common mosaic necrosis virus that can be harnessed not only for tepary bean but also common bean improvement.
Recycle of bio‐waste banana and sisal fiber filled harmlessness epoxy hybrid composite for automotive roof application
Authors: Kaliyaperumal Gopal , Nedunchezhiyan Mukilarasan , Natesan Poyyamozhi , De Poures Melvin Victor , Arunachalam Sivanantham , Rathinavelu Venkatesh , Subbaiyan Naveen
Published: June 2023

Insists of polymer matrix composite is prepared by using natural fiber facilitates high tensile, flexural, and impact toughness properties. The natural fiber utilization in the polymer matrix can overcome the synthetic fiber demerits of poor compatibility, high moisture absorption, and high cost. The present research investigates developing a low‐cost, environmentally eco‐friendly epoxy hybrid composite using different volume percentages of chopped natural waste banana (0Vol%, 5Vol%, 10Vol%, and 15Vol%) and sisal fiber (0Vol%, 15Vol%, 10Vol%, and 5Vol%) through hand mould hot compression technique. The presence of natural waste banana and sisal fiber on tensile strength, flexural strength, and thermal adsorption properties of the epoxy hybrid composite are evaluated by ASTM test standards. The ASTM standard measured test results of epoxy hybrid composite with and without natural waste banana and sisal fiber were compared and sample three was identified by good tensile strength, flexural strength, and better thermal adsorption properties compared to all others. The sample three epoxy hybrid sample is recommended for automotive roof application.
Work productivity and activity impairment in disorders of gut‐brain interaction: Data from the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study
Authors: Frändemark Åsa , Törnblom Hans , Hreinsson Jóhann Páll , Andresen Viola , Benninga Marc A. , Corazziari Enrico S. , Fukudo Shin , Mulak Agata , Santos Javier , Sperber Ami D. , Bangdiwala Shrikant I. , Palsson Olafur S. , Simrén Magnus
Published: June 2023

Background

Disorders of Gut‐Brain Interaction (DGBI) are highly prevalent worldwide, but their effect on work productivity has not gained much attention.

Aims and Methods

We aimed to compare work productivity and activity impairment (WPAI) in persons with and without DGBI in a large population‐based cohort and identify factors independently associated with WPAI in subjects with DGBI. Data were collected from Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain and Sweden via Internet surveys as part of the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study. Apart from the Rome IV diagnostic questionnaire, questionnaires evaluating WPAI related to general health (WPAI:GH), psychological distress (PHQ‐4), somatic symptom severity (PHQ‐15) and other factors were assessed.

Results

Of the 16,820 subjects, 7111 met the criteria for DGBI according to the Rome IV diagnostic questionnaire. Subjects with DGBI were younger (median (interquartile range) age 43 (31–58) vs. 47 (33–62)) and more often female (59.0% vs. 43.7%) compared to subjects without DGBI. Subjects with DGBI had higher absenteeism, presenteeism (poor work productivity due to illness), overall work impairment and activity impairment (p < 0.001) compared with subjects without. For subjects with DGBI affecting more than one anatomical region, WPAI was incrementally higher for each additional region. There were significant differences in WPAI for subjects with DGBI in different countries. Subjects from Sweden had the highest overall work impairment and from Poland the lowest. Using multiple linear regression, male sex, fatigue, psychological distress, somatic symptom severity and number of anatomical regions were independently associated with overall work impairment (p < 0.05 for all).

Conclusion

In the general population, people with DGBI have substantial WPAI compared with those without DGBI. The reasons for these findings should be explored further, but having multiple DGBI, psychological distress, fatigue and somatic symptom severity seem to contribute to this impairment associated with DGBI.
Copper Isotopes Used in Mineral Exploration
Authors: Mathur Ryan , Zhao Yun
Published: June 2023

The use of copper isotopes related to ore deposit location and genesis has greatly expanded over the past twenty years. The isotope values in ores, rocks, soils, and water range greater than 10‰ and provide ample isotopic variation to identify and interpret complex geological process. From an exploration standpoint, the copper isotope values in waters, sulfides and weathered rocks vector to mineralization at depth. Ground and surface waters display the greatest potential for both green and brownfields exploration, whereas Fe-oxides and other related ore minerals isotope compositions for exploration are nascent. From an ore genesis perspective, the copper isotopes serve as a redox proxy to aid in unraveling magmatic and hydrothermal processes related to metal sulfide precipitation. In summary, the use of copper isotopic approaches by the mining industry are ideal as they point to processes directly related to the metal of economic interest and should be employed in all stages of the mine life from exploration to extraction, and to environmental monitoring post-mining activities.
Applications of Neodymium Isotopes to Ore Deposits and Metallogenic Terranes; Using Regional Isotopic Maps and the Mineral Systems Concept
Authors: Champion David C. , Huston David L.
Published: June 2023

Although radiogenic isotopes historically have been used in ore genesis studies for age dating and as tracers, here we document the use of regional- and continental-scale Sm–Nd isotope data and derived isotopic maps to assist with metallogenic interpretation, including the identification of metallogenic terranes. For the Sm–Nd system, calculated Nd model ages, which are time independent, are of most value for small-scale isotopic maps. Typically, one- or two-stage depleted mantle model ages (TDM,T2DM) are used to infer age when the isotope characteristics of the rock were in isotopic equilibrium with a modelled (mantle) reservoir. An additional advantage is that Nd model ages provide, with a number of assumptions, an estimate of the approximate age of continental crust in a region. Regional- and continental-scale Nd model age maps, constructed from rocks such as granites, which effectively sample the middle to lower crust, therefore, provide a proxy to constrain the nature of the crust within a region. They are of increasing use in metallogenic analysis, especially when combined with a mineral systems approach, which recognizes that mineral deposits are the result of geological processes, at a scales from the ore shoot to the craton. These maps can be used empirically and/or predictively to identify and target large parts of mineral systems that may be indicative, or form part of, metallogenic terranes. Examples presented here include observed spatial relationships between mineral provinces and isotopic domains; the identification of old and/or thick cratonic blocks; determination of tectonic regimes favorable for mineralization; identification of isotopically juvenile zones that may indicate rifts or primitive arcs; recognition of crustal breaks that define metallogenic terrane boundaries or delineate fluid pathways; and, as baseline maps. Of course, any analysis of Sm–Nd and similar isotopic maps are predicated on integration with geological, geochemical and geophysical information data. In the future, research in this area should focus on the spatial and temporal evolution of the whole lithosphere at the province- to global-scales to more effectively targeting mineral exploration. This must involve integration of radiogenic isotopic data with other data, in particular, geophysical data, which has the advantage of being able to directly image the crust and lithosphere and being of a more continuous nature as compared to invariably incomplete isotopic data sets.
Applications of Lead Isotopes to Ore Geology, Metallogenesis and Exploration
Authors: Huston David L. , Champion David C.
Published: June 2023

Although lead isotopes are most commonly used to date geological events, including mineralizing events, they also can provide information on many aspects of metallogeny and can be directly used in mineral exploration. Lead isotope data are generally reported as ratios of radiogenic isotopes normalized to the non-radiogenic isotope204Pb (e.g.206Pb/204Pb,207Pb/204Pb and208Pb/204Pb). These ratios can be used in exploration to characterize the style of mineralization, metal (i.e. Pb) source and as vectors to ore. When combined with lead isotope evolution models, the data can be used to indicate the age and tectonic environment of mineralization. The raw ratios and evolution models enable calculation of derived parameters such as μ (238U/204Pb), κ (232Th/238U) and ω (232Th/204Pb), which provide more information about tectonic setting and can be contoured to identify crustal boundaries and metallogenic provinces. In some cases, tectonic boundaries, mapped using gradients in μ and other derived parameters, are fundamental controls on the distribution of certain deposit types in space and time. Moreover, crustal character, as determined by lead and other radiogenic isotopes (e.g. Nd) can be an indicator of province fertility for many deposit types. The development of cost effective analytical techniques and the assembly of large geo-located datasets for lead and other isotope data has enabled significant advances in understanding the genesis and localization of many deposit type, particularly when the isotopic data are integrated with other independent datasets such as potential field, magnetotelluric, passive seismic and geochemical data.
Light Stable Isotopes in Volcanic-Hosted Massive Sulfide Ore Systems
Authors: Huston David L. , Laflamme Crystal , Beaudoin Georges , Piercey Stephen
Published: June 2023

Volcanic-hosted massive sulfide (VHMS) deposits, the ancient analogues of “black smoker” deposits that currently form on the seafloor, are the products of complex mineral systems involving the interaction of seawater with the underlying volcanic pile and associated magmatic intrusions. Light stable isotopes, particularly those of oxygen, hydrogen and sulfur, have had a strong influence in determining sources of ore fluids and sulfur as well as elucidating geological processes important in the VHMS mineral systems. Oxygen and hydrogen isotope data indicate that evolved seawater was the dominant ore-forming fluid in VHMS mineral systems through geological time, although a small proportion of deposits, including high sulfidation and tin-rich deposits, may have a significant, or dominant, magmatic-hydrothermal fluid component. Higher-temperature (> 200 °C) interaction of evolved seawater alters the rock pile below the seafloor, producing δ18O depletion anomalies at the deposit and district scales that can be used as a vector to ore. In contrast, lower-temperature hydrothermal alteration results in δ18O-enriched zones that commonly cap mineralized positions. An apparent decrease in the degree of high temperature18O depletion with time may relate to the increasing importance of felsic-dominated host successions in younger deposits. δ18O anomalies have potential as an exploration tool, and have contributed directly to discovery. The other important contribution of stable isotopes to understanding the VHMS mineral system is quantification of the contribution of sulfur sources. Conventional δ34S data, when combined with Δ33S data acquired using recently developed technologies, indicate that the dominant sulfur source is igneous sulfur, either leached from the volcanic pile or introduced as a magmatic volatile (these sources are not distinguishable). The thermochemical reduction of seawater sulfate is also an important, but subordinate, sulfur source. Estimation of the proportion of seawater sulfate with geological age indicate that, on average, it has increased from 5–10% in the Archean to 20–25% in the Phanerozoic. This most likely reflects the increase in seawater sulfate contents through geological time. Although untested as an exploration tool, variations in sulfur isotope data may have utility is discriminating fertile from barren sulfide accumulations or providing vectors to ores at the deposits scale. As exploration tools, light stable isotopes suffer from a relatively high cost and slow turn-around time. If these limitations can be overcome, and new analytical methods can be developed, light stable isotopes may emerge as another tool for exploration, particularly as discoveries are made at greater depth and under cover.
“Sure, Aren’t the Church Doing Their Best?” Breaking Consensual Silence in Emer Martin’s The Cruelty Men
Authors: Caneda-Cabrera M. Teresa
Published: June 2023

This chapter considers how a significant number of contemporary Irish writers have been inspired by stories of institutional abuse which had remained concealed from the public domain until recently. Drawing on the notion of “consensual silence”, the chapter explores specifically Emer Martin’s novel The Cruelty Men (2018) as a text that addresses institutional abuse, rescues the unheard voices of the victims and inscribes their untold stories into the nation’s cultural narrative. If The Cruelty Men joins a long list of “post-Ryan” fiction in denouncing how silence has traditionally been woven into the fabric of society and politics in Ireland, the chapter argues that, more importantly, Martin’s novel asserts the healing power of storytelling as a way of renegotiating Ireland’s relationship with the silences of the past.
The Silencing of Speranza
Authors: Walshe Eibhear
Published: June 2023

This chapter draws on my experience of writing and publishing my 2014 novel,The Diary of Mary Travers,and on the research for my edited collectionThe Selected Writings of Speranza and William Wilde(2020) in order to consider the afterlives of Jane Wilde and the silencing and distorting of her scholarly and intellectual career. In particular, the essay looks at her reputation during her lifetime, her scholarship and her public role within Irish cultural nationalism and denounces that her own voice was silenced by a homophobic discourse around her influence on her son. The chapter argues that contemporary Irish cultural discourse has remade her reputation and connects this moment with a tendency in contemporary Irish fiction which focuses on the re-examining of lost and hidden lives.
The effect of the enhanced recovery programme on long-term survival following liver resection for colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Lambert Joel , Mair Thomas , Arujunan Kalaiyarasi , Shugaba Abdulwarith , Uwadiae Harmony , Livesey Anne , Ahmad Rami , Sgourakis Georgios , Gaffney Christopher , Subar Daren
Published: June 2023

Background

Enhanced recovery programmes are associated with improved short-term outcomes following liver surgery. The impact of enhanced recovery programmes on medium- and long-term outcomes is incompletely understood. This study aimed to assess the impact of an enhanced recovery programme on long-term survival in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal liver metastases.

Methods

At a tertiary hepatobiliary centre, we analysed short-, medium- and long-term outcomes in consecutive patients undergoing liver resection for colorectal liver metastases. A five-year retrospective review was carried out comparing the enhanced recovery programme to standard care.

Results

A total of 172 patients were included in the analysis: 87 on standard care and 85 on an enhanced recovery programme. Open surgery was performed in 122 patients: 74 (85.1%) and 48 (56.5%) patients in the standard care and enhanced recovery programme, respectively (p < 0.001). There was a significant reduction in the median (IQR) length of hospital stay in the enhanced recovery programme compared with standard care (7 (5) days vs. 8 (3) days, p = 0.0009). There was no significant difference in survival between standard care and the Enhanced Recovery Programme at one (p = 0.818), three (p = 0.203), and five years (p = 0.247).

Conclusion

An enhanced recovery programme was associated with a reduced length of hospital stay. There was no effect on the one-, three- and five-year survival.