bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lockdown and its Impact on Food and Exercise Study
Authors: Vimalraj Amrutha Varshini , George Neethu , Sundaram Vivek , Anbarasi M. , Manoranjitham R. , Shanmugam Vimalraj Bogana
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

The COVID-19 pandemic had enforced several restrictions which were necessary to abate the spread of the virus, however, the blow of these limitations on health behaviors and lifestyles remains vague. Therefore, this study was carried out to assess the behavioral and lifestyle consequences of complete lockdown during the pandemic.

Materials and Methods:

The Lockdown and its Impact on Food and Exercise study was a pilot study conducted in the form of a questionnaire which was handed out to the public and circulated electronically. The questions regarding exercise were adapted from the International physical activity questionnaire and those regarding food habits were taken from the Public Library of Science and the Self-regulation of Eating Behavior Questionnaire. This survey was conducted from March 28 to April 14, 2020, during which a complete lockdown prevailed.

Results:

The COVID-19 complete lockdown had a negative impact on all intensity exercise levels, vigorous exercise (64.34% vs. 41.20%, P ≤ 0.00001), moderate exercise (95.67% vs. 84.57%, P ≤ 0.00001), and walking (55.42% vs. 42.89%, P = 0.0003). Food consumption and meal patterns (58.55% vs. 47.95%, P = 0.0022) were also more unhealthy (78.60% vs. 87.94%, P = 0.0096) during complete lockdown with only the consumption of late night snack decreasing significantly.

Conclusion:

The results of this analysis indicate that physical activity had decreased significantly and eating behaviors were unhealthy. Hence, our survey will help to develop interventions which would potentially alleviate these negative lifestyle and nutrition behaviors.
Case Report on Surgery-First Approach
Authors: Bhattacharya Preeti , Chandana Anil Kumar , Bhandari Ravi , Singh Shivani , Tiwari Dhruv K , Sah Sushila
Published: December 2021

The Rationale:

The surgery-first approach provides immediate improvement in facial aesthetics in orthognathic cases with a shorter total treatment period.

Patient Concerns:

A 21-year-old male came with the chief complaint of protrusive lower front teeth and a large lower jaw. His main concern was aesthetics.

Diagnosis:

This was a case of skeletal Class III malocclusion with reverse overjet of 4 mm, overbite of 6 mm with a concave profile, and a protrusive chin.

Treatment:

The patient was treated by bilateral sagittal split setback osteotomy of the mandible with surgery first approach via nonextraction therapy.

Outcome:

After an active treatment of 15 months, improved facial profile, facial proportions, and a significant reduction of mandibular prognathism were much appreciated. The treatment results were stable after a 1-year follow-up of the treatment.

Take-away Lesson:

This case report highlights the utilization of nature's dental decompensation to achieve a desirable result, thereby attaining “more with less.”
Detection of Rare Blood Group Ax Phenotype in Blood Donor
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Bala Bhasker P. M. , Jain Romesh , Chandra Avineesh
Published: December 2021

Background:

Karl Landsteiner discovered ABO blood group system in early 20th century, but still, uncertainty remains in immune-hematology while detection of ABO subgroups or weaker variants. The presence of weak subgroups in blood donor samples gives rises to discrepancy in forward (cell) and reverse (serum) grouping.

Methods and Materials:

We here report a case of the 'A' weak Rh 'D' Positive, Probably Ax Phenotype in a blood donor who came for replacement donation at our blood bank. The blood group discrepancy was resolved by using serological testing, Adsorption elution technique and saliva secretor study.

Results:

Blood grouping by the tube technique showed no reaction was shown with anti-B, a faint reaction with anti-A, 1+ agglutination with Anti-AB, and a significant reaction (4+) with anti-D and anti-H. The patient's serum showed the presence of anti-B antibody as well as anti-A1. Result for eluate showed microscopic agglutination (1+) with group A cells and a negative reaction with group B cells and saliva secretor study showed having only H substance.

Conclusion:

This report highlights the importance of cell and serum grouping in solving blood group discrepancy in blood donors. This rare phenotype in a donor is first of its kind reported from India.
Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Epilepsy
Authors: Nair Pradeep Pankajakshan , Aghoram Rajeswari , Khilari Madhuri Laxman
Published: December 2021

Epilepsy is a common neurological condition characterized by a predilection for recurrent seizures. It affects 3.0–11.9 persons per 1000 in India. The advent of machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) has allowed us to harness computing power to evaluate enormous amounts of data to provide more definitive answers to many vexing questions in epilepsy such as the nature of a paroxysmal event, prediction of seizure, response to therapy, etc. In this article, we present an overview of AI and machine learning approaches to the diagnosis and management of epilepsy. We performed a MEDLINE search with both keywords (AI, epilepsy, Epilepsy, Machine learning, seizure) and MeSH terms (AI, Seizures) combined with Boolean operators. We present a narrative summary of the results. We initially discuss basic concepts regarding AI and its divisions, followed by a discussion of the role of AI in epilepsy from published studies particularly in the areas of diagnosis and classification of epilepsy; seizure detection and prediction; epileptogenesis; and management of epilepsy. Despite the growing popularity of AI in epilepsy, it should be remembered that these approaches are not without drawbacks. All machine learning approaches are data expensive and require a large computational capacity. This also has a bearing on the time taken for the development of these algorithms. AI is here to stay and influence all aspects of care for people with epilepsy (PWE) and it is necessary to equip ourselves to interface with these smart systems. This balance will help provide the best possible care to PWE.
Low Glomerular Filtration Rate in Apparently Healthy Young Individuals is an Important Factor Preventing Kidney Transplantation from Living Kidney Donors – A Single-Center Observational Study from India
Authors: Parameswaran Sreejith , Kulothungan Saravanan Adaikalam , Ponnusamy Madhusudhanan , Reddi Sivakumar , Haridasan Satish , Manikandan Ramanitharan , Pillai Puthenpurackal Priyamvada Sivan , Vazhayil Arjun , Lalgudi Dorairajan Narayanan , Sreenivasan Sreerag Kodakkattil , Radhakrishnan Jai
Published: December 2021

Background:

India performed 7936 kidney transplantation operations in 2018 with living donor as the source in 85%. Identifying a living kidney donor (LKD) is difficult due to medical, social, and regulatory barriers. In addition, only a proportion of patients who volunteer may be able to donate eventually. Despite living donors being the predominant source, there are very few studies addressing the factors influencing living donor kidney donation in India.

Methods:

We analyzed data from our prospective LKD registry between July 1, 2011 and June 31, 2018. Demographic details, medical history, serum creatinine, and measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR), blood pressure and the eventual outcome of LKD evaluation, including reason for noneligibility were collected. In a prospective cohort of 12 LKDs, renal functional reserve was studied using protein loading and dietary protein intake was measured from urine urea nitrogen excretion.

Results:

Over a period of 81 months, 316 LKDs were enrolled in our program. On 101 instances factors related to recipients prevented transplantation and on 92 occasions donor related factors precluded donation. Among 182 medically eligible LKDs with no evidence of CKD, only 33% had mGFR >90 ml/min/1.73 m2. Based on our institutional criteria, 22% of LKDs with mGFR <70 ml/min/1.73 m2 were ineligible solely based this criterion. Eventually, only 32% of enrolled LKDs were accepted for donation. Dietary protein intake was low in all 12 LKDs studied, only one had mGFR >90 ml/min/1.73 m2. Eight LKDs with mGFR <90 ml/min/1.73 m2 showed renal functional reserve of more than 20% with protein loading.

Conclusion:

Only one-third of voluntary kidney donors enrolled for evaluation were eventually able to donate their kidney. Low mGFR in otherwise apparently healthy LKDs was an important reason precluding kidney donation. Only 33% of individual found medically fit for donation had a mGFR ≥90 ml/min/m2 at our center. Low dietary protein intake may be a factor contributing to low mGFR in healthy LKDs.
Living Well with Kidney Disease by Patient and Care-Partner Empowerment
Authors: Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar , Li Philip K , Tantisattamo Ekamol , Kumaraswami Latha , Liakopoulos Vassilios , Lui Siu-Fai , Ulasi Ifeoma , Andreoli Sharon , Balducci Alessandro , Dupuis Sophie , Harris Tess , Hradsky Anne , Knight Richard , Kumar Sajay , Ng Maggie , Poidevin Alice , Saadi Gamal , Tong Allison , for the World Kidney Day Steering Committee
Published: December 2021

Living with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with hardships for patients and their care-partners. Empowering patients and their care-partners, including family members or friends involved in their care, may help minimize the burden and consequences of CKD-related symptoms to enable life participation. There is a need to broaden the focus on living well with kidney disease and re-engagement in life, including an emphasis on patients being in control. The World Kidney Day (WKD) Joint Steering Committee has declared 2021 the year of “Living Well with Kidney Disease” in an effort to increase education and awareness on the important goal of patient empowerment and life participation. This calls for the development and implementation of validated patient-reported outcome measures to assess and address areas of life participation in routine care. It could be supported by regulatory agencies as a metric for quality care or to support labelling claims for medicines and devices. Funding agencies could establish targeted calls for research that address the priorities of patients. Patients with kidney disease and their care-partners should feel supported to live well through concerted efforts by kidney care communities including during pandemics. In the overall wellness program for kidney disease patients, the need for prevention should be reiterated. Early detection with a prolonged course of wellness despite kidney disease, after effective secondary and tertiary prevention programs, should be promoted. WKD 2021 continues to call for increased awareness of the importance of preventive measures throughout populations, professionals, and policy-makers, applicable to both developed and developing countries.
En Bloc Combined Heart–liver Transplantation for Ebstein's Anomaly and Cardiac Cirrhosis - A Case Report
Authors: Kuppuswamy Madhan Kumar , Ramamurthy Anand , Thirugnanasambandam Sunder , Thangaraj Paul Ramesh
Published: December 2021

In this report, we present our experience with combined en bloc combined heart and liver transplantation performed in 2015 on a 29-year-old male with Ebstein's anomaly with cardiac cirrhosis and decompensation. Entire procedure was done under cardiopulmonary bypass. Portocaval shunting was done during the procedure to reduce bowel congestion. He remains well on regular follow-up at 4 years. This is the first procedure to be reported from India.
Managing End-Stage Renal Disease and Live Kidney Transplant in a Patient with Hemophilia A
Authors: Bhagat Chandani , Suraj Godara , Naveen Gupta , Jitesh Jeswani
Published: December 2021

Hemophilia A is caused by a genetic mutation affecting the levels of factor VIII in serum. With improvement in management and widespread availability of factor VIII, the life expectancy of hemophiliac patients has increased. The change in the history of hemophiliacs has led to the increased surge of chronic diseases in such patients. End-stage renal disease is rarely seen among hemophiliacs and institution of renal replacement therapy is controversial not only for the lack of literature but also differing opinions on protocols for factor VIII replacement. We describe here a case of a moderate hemophiliac A patient with end-stage renal disease undergoing renal replacement therapy initially hemodialysis and later on undergoing kidney transplantation. The patient successfully underwent live unrelated kidney transplant without any major complications and is currently healthy with good graft function. Patients with hemophilia A can successfully undergo renal replacement therapy under factor VIII cover.
Clinical usefulness of intermediate-dose dexmedetomidine (0.75 μg/kg) in flexible bronchoscopy – A prospective, randomized, double-blinded study
Authors: Magazine Rahul , Antony Thomas , Chogtu Bharti , Prabhudev Amithash Marulaiah , Surendra Vyshak Uddur , Guddattu Vasudeva
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND:

Dexmedetomidine, although an effective drug for conscious sedation during flexible bronchoscopy, has occasional side effects on the cardiovascular system which need to be addressed.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Patients between 18 and 65 years, requiring diagnostic flexible bronchoscopy, found eligible, after screening, were randomized to either receive 0.75 μg/kg intravenous dexmedetomidine over 10 min or intravenous midazolam 0.035 mg/kg over 1 min. Composite score was used as the primary outcome measure. Additional parameters recorded were: Hemodynamic variables, oxygen saturation, Ramsay sedation score, for pain intensity and distress Numerical Rating Scale, number of rescue medication doses, ease of doing bronchoscopy, Visual Analog Scale score for cough and response of the patient 24 h after bronchoscopy.

RESULTS:

In each group, 24 patients were enrolled. The composite score was in the ideal category in 24 patients in dexmedetomidine group and 21 in midazolam group, at nasopharynx (P = 0.234). The corresponding values at the level of trachea were 23 and 16 (P = 0.023). In dexmedetomidine group, patient response after 24 h of bronchoscopy showed quality of sedation to be excellent in 0 subjects, good in 13, fair in 9 and poor in 2 and discomfort to be nil in 7, mild 10, moderate in 7 and severe in 0. The corresponding values in midazolam group for quality of sedation were 0, 4, 14, 6, and for discomfort 0, 10, 14, 0. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for cough revealed a mean score of 0.800 and 1.812 (P = 0.011) during and 2.092 and 3.542 (P = 0.016) 24 h after bronchoscopy in the respective study groups.

CONCLUSION:

Low-dose dexmedetomidine (0.75 μg/kg single dose) appears to provide better patient comfort and equivalent safety profile when compared with midazolam.
A comparison of endometrial sampling histopathology by Pipelle curette versus Karman cannula in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding at a tertiary care hospital in Northwest Rajasthan
Authors: Solanki Kirti , Kochar Swati , Poonia Laxmi , Gaur Priyanka , Poonia Krishna , Choudhary Shweta
Published: December 2021

Background:

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common and devastating condition affecting women of all ages. Among all patients attending gynecology outpatient department clinic, more than one-third patients are related to AUB, and this proportion rises to 70% in the perimenopausal and postmenopausal age. The condition has a high reported prevalence rate of 17.9% in India.

Aims and Objective:

To compare endometrial sampling histopathology by Pipelle curette versus Karman cannula in patients with AUB at a tertiary care hospital in Northwest Rajasthan.

Materials and Methods:

It was a prospective study conducted on 100 female patients of all age groups attending the department of obstetrics and gynecology over a period of 1 year with clinical diagnosis of AUB. After detailed history, examination, and relevant investigations, each patient was subjected first to endometrial aspiration using Pipelle curette followed by endometrial aspiration using Karman cannula No. 4. Samples collected were sent for histopathological assessment and the results were compared.

Results:

In our study, in 84% of cases, samples obtained by both Pipelle curette and Karman cannula were adequate. In 5% of cases, samples were inadequate by both methods. In 10% of cases, Karman cannula sample was adequate, but Pipelle curette sample was inadequate. In 1% of cases, sample could not be obtained by both procedures due to stenosed nulliparous cervix with large fibroid obstructing cervical os. Considering Karman cannula as the standard, Pipelle curette endometrial sampling demonstrated 100% sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value (PPV and NPV), and accuracy with regard to diagnosis of adenocarcinoma and endometrial hyperplasia. For secretory endometrium, the corresponding values were 76.5%, 100%, 100%, 95.4%, and 99%, respectively. With regard to proliferative endometrium, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy were 92%, 96%, 98.6%, 80%, and 93%, respectively. With regard to atrophic endometrium, specificity, NPV, and accuracy were 100%, 99%, and 99%, respectively. Pipelle curette had a concordance rate of 87.5% with hysterectomy specimen, while Karman cannula had a concordance rate of 100%.

Conclusion:

Both Pipelle curette and Karman cannula endometrial aspiration biopsy are easy to perform, efficient, and safe outpatient endometrial sampling procedure in recognizing the endometrial lesions including malignancy and endometrial hyperplasia; however, Karman cannula had more adequate sample than Pipelle curette.
An unusual finding of Courvoisier sign
Authors: Pandiaraja Jayabal
Published: December 2021

Courvoisier sign is one of the important clinical signs used in the diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease. According to this sign, when the gallbladder is palpable in a jaundiced patient, it is unlikely due to stone. There are exceptions for Courvoisier signs such as double impacted stone, oriental cholangitis, and AIDS-associated cholangiopathy. In our case, there is a gallstone with palpable gallbladder due to concurrent occurrence of gallstone with gallbladder carcinoma compressing the adjacent biliary tree.
Connecting Gender Identity and Freedom of Conscience in Recent Romanian Constitutional Case-Law
Authors: Stănescu-Sas Mihail
Published: December 2021

The Constitutional Court of Romania has recently ruled unconstitutional a new provision amending the Law regarding national education, meant to prohibit “any activity of disseminating the theory or opinion of gender identity, understood as the theory or opinion that gender is a concept different from biologic sex and that the two are not always the same”. This provision was found in breach of several constitutional principles, including freedom of conscience and freedom of expression. This decision makes for a brief ingression into the legal nature of gender identity and that of freedom of conscience, allowing for the former to serve as a means to clarifying the scope of application of the latter. Since gender identity recognition is not a “world view”, but a reflection of diversity which is integral to a plural, democratic society, the only way the said provision breached freedom of conscience involved its interior dimension: the freedom of thought of pupils and students. But it did not even involve an interference with the right to manifest a “conviction”, as far as pupils, students and also teachers are concerned. Nonetheless, it breached their freedom of expression.
Toolbox of the Public Administration Entity. Intersection of the Principle of Legality and Administrative Discretion in Exercising the Revocation of an Administrative Decision
Authors: Bareikytė Simona
Published: December 2021

For some, revocation of an administrative decision arises doubts, for others, it is a legal measure ensuring that public administration entities are able to respond to changing circumstances and adopt not only legitimate, but also fair decisions by striking a balance between private and public interests. This paper aims to analyse the choice of Lithuania with respect to the implementation and application of the public administration entities right to revoke its previously adopted administrative decision. In order to achieve this goal, the results of analysis of the role of the principle of legality and administrative discretion in the decision-making process, legal regulation of public administration and case-law are revealed. The analysis will show that there is room for the possible systematisation of the administrative procedures, aiming to ensure that public administration entities are able to respond to the ongoing changes in order to fulfil the objectivities based on which the particular public administration entities were established.
Stashing And Parallelization Pentagons
Authors: Brattka Vasco
Published: December 2021

Parallelization is an algebraic operation that lifts problems to sequences in
a natural way. Given a sequence as an instance of the parallelized problem,
another sequence is a solution of this problem if every component is
instance-wise a solution of the original problem. In the Weihrauch lattice
parallelization is a closure operator. Here we introduce a dual operation that
we call stashing and that also lifts problems to sequences, but such that only
some component has to be an instance-wise solution. In this case the solution
is stashed away in the sequence. This operation, if properly defined, induces
an interior operator in the Weihrauch lattice. We also study the action of the
monoid induced by stashing and parallelization on the Weihrauch lattice, and we
prove that it leads to at most five distinct degrees, which (in the maximal
case) are always organized in pentagons. We also introduce another closely
related interior operator in the Weihrauch lattice that replaces solutions of
problems by upper Turing cones that are strong enough to compute solutions. It
turns out that on parallelizable degrees this interior operator corresponds to
stashing. This implies that, somewhat surprisingly, all problems which are
simultaneously parallelizable and stashable have computability-theoretic
characterizations. Finally, we apply all these results in order to study the
recently introduced discontinuity problem, which appears as the bottom of a
number of natural stashing-parallelization pentagons. The discontinuity problem
is not only the stashing of several variants of the lesser limited principle of
omniscience, but it also parallelizes to the non-computability problem. This
supports the slogan that "non-computability is the parallelization of
discontinuity".
An application of parallel cut elimination in multiplicative linear logic to the Taylor expansion of proof nets
Authors: Chouquet Jules , Auclair Lionel Vaux
Published: December 2021

We examine some combinatorial properties of parallel cut elimination in
multiplicative linear logic (MLL) proof nets. We show that, provided we impose
a constraint on some paths, we can bound the size of all the nets satisfying
this constraint and reducing to a fixed resultant net. This result gives a
sufficient condition for an infinite weighted sum of nets to reduce into
another sum of nets, while keeping coefficients finite. We moreover show that
our constraints are stable under reduction.
Our approach is motivated by the quantitative semantics of linear logic: many
models have been proposed, whose structure reflect the Taylor expansion of
multiplicative exponential linear logic (MELL) proof nets into infinite sums of
differential nets. In order to simulate one cut elimination step in MELL, it is
necessary to reduce an arbitrary number of cuts in the differential nets of its
Taylor expansion. It turns out our results apply to differential nets, because
their cut elimination is essentially multiplicative. We moreover show that the
set of differential nets that occur in the Taylor expansion of an MELL net
automatically satisfies our constraints.
Interestingly, our nets are untyped: we only rely on the sequentiality of
linear logic nets and the dynamics of cut elimination. The paths on which we
impose bounds are the switching paths involved in the Danos--Regnier criterion
for sequentiality. In order to accommodate multiplicative units and weakenings,
our nets come equipped with jumps: each weakening node is connected to some
other node. Our constraint can then be summed up as a bound on both the length
of switching paths, and the number of weakenings that jump to a common node.
PEMANFAATAN MEDIA SOSIAL WHATSAPP SEBAGAI WADAH INTERAKSI ANTAR ANGGOTA KELOMPOK FANBASE GHEALWAYS
Authors: Wenerda Indah , Wiwin Widayanti
Published: December 2021

ABSTRAK

Aplikasi WhatsApp saat ini banyak dimanfaankan oleh fanbase sebagai wadah berkomunikasi antaranggotanya, tak terkecuali fanbase Ghealways yang menjadikan aplikasi WhatsApp sebagai wadah tempat untuk berkomunikasi dan berdiskusi antar para anggotanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Mengetahui dan memahami sejauh mana pemanfaatan media sosial WhatsApp sebagai wadah interaksi antaranggota kelompok fanbase Ghealways. Penelitian ini menggunkan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan metode netnografi dan pengumpulan data observasi. Media sosial WhatsApp sebagai wadah interaksi antaranggota kelompok fanbase Ghealways sebagai objek penelitian yang dianalisi dengan menggunakan teori komunikasi, new media, dan cyber media. Hasil dari penelitian ini antara lain: berbagi informasi tentang Ghea Indrawari, membahas hal-hal yang banyak dibicarakan orang tentang fashion, game online, berbagi cerita tentang cerita pribadi atau bercanda antar anggota kelompok. Namun, grup Ghealways juga memiliki aktivitas online dan offline yang diikuti oleh anggotanya.
Políticas que duelen. Impacto de las esterilizaciones forzadas en la salud mental de mujeres de la provincia de Chumbivilcas
Authors: Urruchi Béjar Paola
Published: December 2021

Entre 1996 y 2001, el gobierno peruano ejecutó la esterilización de 272,028 mujeres, especialmente de ámbitos rurales y en situación de pobreza, mediante la implementación del Programa Nacional de Salud Reproductiva y Planificación Familiar-PNSRPF. La vulneración de derechos humanos en el marco de esta política ha sido vastamente documentada; sin embargo, los efectos sobre la salud mental de las mujeres afectadas han sido poco explorados desde sus significados y vivencias, en atención al contexto social y cultural sobre el cual se instituyen nociones entorno al bienestar y malestar. El estudio exploró las consecuencias de la esterilización forzada para la salud mental de mujeres de la provincia de Chumbivilcas-Cusco, a través de la indagación de sus vivencias y significados, utilizando el sufrimiento psíquico como marco de referencia. Asimismo, buscógenerar reflexiones desde la perspectiva de las afectadas para contribuir al debate sobre políticas de reparación en salud mental para esta población. Los resultados dan cuenta de las vivencias en el contexto inmediato de la esterilización forzada, así como de sus consecuencias, al explorar las secuelas resultantes en la vida cotidiana de las mujeres entrevistadas.
Inclusión financiera transformativa centrada en las mujeres
Authors: Clausen Jhonatan , Trivelli Carolina
Published: December 2021

Sobre la base del enfoque de las capacidades de Amartya Sen, proponemos el concepto «inclusión financiera transformativa centrada en las mujeres». Tomando en cuenta este concepto, y a partir de un proceso de consulta a expertos latinoamericanos con cuatro componentes, planteamos una agenda de investigación sobre inclusión financiera e igualdad de género en América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) con cinco ejes: (i) identificar con mayor profundidad las necesidades y comportamientos financieros específicos de las mujeres en ALC, y recolectar información estadística desagregada por sexo; (ii) explorar formas para diseñar y evaluar estrategias de inclusión financiera costo-efectivas, sensibles al contexto y relevantes para las mujeres; (iii) evidenciar la existencia de limitaciones estructurales para la inclusión financiera de la mujeres, incluyendo sesgos inconscientes y normas sociales que refuerzan las exclusión por motivos de género; (iv) renovar e incrementar la producción de investigaciones rigurosas sobre la relación entre inclusión financiera, desarrollo de habilidades blandas, auto-confianza y empoderamiento multidimensional; y (v) explorar formas viables en las que las nuevas tecnologías pueden contribuir a ampliar la inclusión financiera de las mujeres, tomando en consideración la diversidad territorial, así como los diferentes niveles de desarrollo de infraestructura de información y comunicaciones.
Hacia una sociología del libro y la lectura en el Perú: consumo cultural y distinción social en el Mercado de Libros Amazonas
Authors: Canelo Rodrigo
Published: December 2021

El mercado de libros en el jirón Amazonas (Lima), conocido también como la ‘Feria de libros Amazonas’, no es solo un lugar en donde se compran libros según una racionalidad económica, sino que también es un espacio que presenta una experiencia de consumo cultural donde se expresan los valores simbólicos que se suelen atribuir al libro y la lectura. La pregunta que guio esta investigación fue la siguiente: ¿Por qué los libros y la lectura son importantes y necesarios para los agentes en el mercado de libros del jirón Amazonas?

Este es un estudio de caso que planteó un diseño de investigación mixto el cual se sostiene en 29 entrevistas, una encuesta representativa a los visitantes del mercado de libros y una experiencia etnográfica de observación y participación. La investigación encontró que los discursos sobre el libro y la lectura tienen un efecto importante en las relaciones sociales de los agentes, pero también en el sentido con el que practican la lectura o dejan de hacerlo.
Interaction of Nootropic Drugs with Neurotransmitter Enzyme Acetylcholinesterase: An Insilico Approach: A Review
Authors: Abbas Kashif , Abbas Kashif , Abbas Kashif , Abbas Kashif
Published: December 2021

Nootropic drugs are the class of drugs or supplements that are claimed to enhance cognitive functions, specifically executive functions, memory and creativity in healthy individual. They are sometime referred as cognitive enhancers or smart drugs as they are associated with memory improvement functioning. Some of them are well known drugs and clinically approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). All metabolic reactions are purely dependent on enzymatic actions as they play a very important role in regulating and maintaining most of the biological responses and various processes. An enzyme Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) seems to play an essential role in the conduction of cholinergic brain synapses and neuromuscular junctions. There have been different nootropic drugs identified and approved for curing neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer, Parkinson and Huntington's disease. Their binding efficiency and energy have been well studied an established by using the in-silico docking tools. There are different docking tools available today for analysis of molecules such as PyRx, Auto dock and schrodinger suite. The advent of these tools is being widely used by the pharmaceutical industries for the virtual screening of the formulated drugs against the desired target molecule. It has made the drug formulation process more time efficient and cost effective. Thus, an in-silico approach has been widely accepted for drug discovery and its design.
Rumkale Kazası Zaviyeleri
Authors: TAŞ Yasin
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmada Osmanlı dönemi arşiv kaynakları esas alınarak Rumkale Kazası dâhilindeki zaviyeler ele alınmaktadır. Rumkale Kazası’nın tarihi coğrafyası genel olarak Şanlıurfa’nın Halfeti ve Gaziantep’in Araban ile Yavuzeli ilçelerinin bugünkü sınırlarına tekabül etmektedir. Vakıf atamalarını içeren hurufat defterleri, vakıfların harcamalarını gösteren muhasebe bilançoları ve yerel mahkemelerin kayıtlarını ihtiva eden şeriyye sicilleri, vakfiyeleri bulunmayan zaviyeler için temel kaynaklardır. Bu kaynaklar, birçoğu zamanla unutulmuş bazı zaviye isimleri ve tarihi süreçteki işlevleri hakkında kısa bilgiler edinmeye imkân vermektedir. Rumkale’de isimleri tespit edilen Sa‘d bin Ebi Vakkas, Payam Hatun, Şeyh Kureyş, Sa‘dü’l-Kureyş, Şeyh Mehmed, Şeyh Ebubekir, Sübhan Dede ve Şeyh Şerafeddin zaviyeleri bunlar içinde öne çıkanlardır. Zamanla geleneksel dini inanışların merkezi haline gelen bu zaviyelerden ayakta kalanlar günümüzde şifa için ziyaret edilen birer mekân haline dönüşmüştür. Zaviyelere dair arşiv kayıtlarının çoğu vakıflarına ilişkindir. Vakıf kaynakları, zaviyelere ismi verilen şahsiyetlerin tarihi kimliğini belirlemek için yetersiz kalmaktadır. Bu durum Rumkale bölgesindeki çoğu zaviyenin kuruluş dönemini ve bağlı olduğu tasavvufî düşünceyi tespiti zorlaştırmaktadır. Fakat hem zaviyelere hem de vakıflarına yapılan görevli atamaları, bu mekânların tarihi süreçteki dinî ve sosyal hizmetlerin çerçevesi için bilgi sağlamış olmaktadır. Zaviyelere tahsis edilen malî imkânlar, bu müesseselerin asırlar boyu ayakta kalmasında büyük role sahiptir. Birçok zaviyenin gelirleri arasında çevre yerleşimlerin hasılatı bulunması, kuruluş devrindeki malî gücü ve sosyal etkisi hakkında bir fikir vermektedir. Fakat zamanla kuruluş dönemindeki işlevinden uzaklaşan çoğu zaviyenin XIX. yüzyılda mütevelliden ibaret kalan vakıflar haline gelerek temel fonksiyonunu kaybettiği görülmektedir.
СТУДИЈСКИ ПРОГРАМИ ОСНОВНИХ АКАДЕМСКИХ СТУДИЈА ПЕДАГОГИЈЕ НА ФИЛОЗОФСКОМ ФАКУЛТЕТУ У НИШУ ОД 2000. ДО 2021. ГОДИНЕ
Authors: Матејевић Марина , Ђорђевић Марија
Published: December 2021

The paper analyzes six study programs of the Department of Pedagogy from its establishment until this year, 2021. The technique of content analysis of available program documents was used. The basic units of analysis were: study program (within it: subjects, electives, accreditation, ECTS, professional practice), purpose, goal and outcomes of the program. The results of the analysis show unequivocal progress in the development of the program since the establishment of the Department until today. In each new program, new subjects were added in accordance with the needs and development of the education system and the social community, which was conditioned by the presence of more adequate potentials at the Department of Pedagogy. There are more and more elective modules and subjects in the programs, and professional practice is represented in an increasingly adequate way. Continuous additions to goals and outcomes, and the creation of new subjects, are the result of constant critical review of the current program, numerous analyzes and the expression of aspirations to reach the highest level of study program quality and competencies of graduate students of pedagogy. Of course, there will always be a space in which each study program can be further improved and changed in accordance with the dynamic society in which we live. Keywords: Department of pedagogy, OAS, pedagogy, study program. Цитирање
КОМУНИКОЛОГИЈА КАО НАСТАВНА ДИСЦИПЛИНА У СТУДИЈСКОМ ПРОГРАМУ ЗА РАЗРЕДНУ НАСТАВУ– ПОТРЕБА И ЗНАЧАЈ
Authors: Миленовић Живорад , Миленовић Марија , Седларевић Јелена
Published: December 2021

The problem of research is the importance and need for learning communication as a teaching discipline in studies for classroom teaching, which is theoretically studied from the angle of university teaching, study of communication science and reflective practice of teachers and on an empirical level based on students’ perception of classroom teaching. The research started from the general assumption that the contents from communication science are important for performing the teaching profession, but that it is insufficiently studied in the studies for class teaching. We also started from special assumptions that the research will single out the factors that indicate the importance of learning content from communication studies in studies for primary education and that it will be determined that there is no significant difference in students’ assessments of the importance and need for learning content from communication studies. For class teaching depending on the enrolled year of study. In order to determine that, in October 2021, on a sample of 108 students of the Study Program for Classroom Teaching at the Faculty of Teacher Education in Prizren - Leposavic, the research presented in this paper was conducted. Data collected by the CSTD-SCC Scalar (〈 = .845) were processed by factor analysis and analysis of variance. Factor analysis singled out three factors: 1) the diversity of content, 2) the importance of learning and 3) the need to learn content from communication studies in the classroom. Analysis and analysis of variance showed that there is no significant difference in the assessments of primary school students about the importance and need to learn content from communication studies in primary school studies, depending on the enrolled year of study. He concludes that teaching contents in communication science are important for future teachers, that they are differently represented in study programs for classroom teaching in the Republic of Serbia, that students generally agree in assessments of the importance and need to learn communication science in classroom studies, which indicates the need to change and supplements of study programs for class teaching with teaching contents in communication science and the need for professional development of teachers in order to acquire the necessary knowledge in communication science. Keywords: teaching profession, teacher, communication in the classroom, socialcommunication competencies, clear and loud expression, quality listening.
Examples of the Most Prominent Contemporary Challenges in the Science of Da’wah
Authors: Bn Ghaleb Hassan Muhammad
Published: December 2021

تعرض الباحث في بحثه إلى بيان تعاريف الدعوة وأهميتها، ومنزلتها في الشريعة الإسلامية. وتحدث في البحث عن أبرز التحديات التي تواجه الدعوة المعاصرة والتي تتمثل في المطالب الثلاثة وهي: المطلب الأول: التحديات في الساحة الدعوية. المطلب الثاني: التحديات في المؤلفات الدعوية. المطلب الثالث: التحديات في تأهيل الدعاة. تطرق في المطلب الأول إلى أبرز التحديات في الميدان الدعوي، ومن ذلك تعدد وجود المناهج المخالفة والتي تخالف المنهج العلمي والوسطي الذي جاء به الإسلام. واقترح الباحث عدة حلول في ذلك، منها: أولا: قيام الجهات الحكومية الدينية بدورها الفعال في مراقبة الأنشطة الدعوية والتوعية بخطر الحزبيات الدعوية. وفي المطلب الثاني بيّن الباحث أهمية التأليف في علم الدعوة ، وبيّن الخلل الواقع في هذا الباب والمتمثل في: التأليف المتكرر لنفس المسائل، والمؤلفات التي تحمل نصرة المناهج الباطلة، وذكر جملة من الاقتراحات في ذلك. وفي الثالث: تحدث الباحث عن أهمية تأهيل الدعاة التأهيل العلمي والتقني والمعرفي، لمواكبة تطورات العصر، وتقدم العلوم. ثم ختم بحثه بالنتائج التي توصل إليها، سائلا الله للجميع التوفيق والسداد.

الكلمات المفتاحية: الدعوة، التحديات، المناهج المخالفة

Abstract

In his research, the researcher discussed the definitions of Dawah (calling to Allah), its importance, and its status in Islamic legislation. He spoke in his research about the most prominent challenges that face modern-day Dawah, which are represented by three issues, and they are: The first issue: Challenges in the field of Dawah. The second issue: Challenges in authored books concerning Dawah. The third issue: Challenges in preparing callers to Allah. In his discussion of the first issue, he touched upon the most prominent challenges in the field of Dawah, from which is the multiplicity and presence of opposing Manahij (the way groups of people choose to practice religion, and their beliefs) that are against the scholastic and moderate Manhaj that Islam came with. The researcher also suggested several solutions for that, from amongst them is: Firstly: Governmental religious authorities should play an active role in monitoring religious activities and raising awareness of the dangers of dawah partisans. In his discussion of the second issue, the researcher clarified the importance of authoring books in the science of Dawah, and clarified the flaw present in this field, which is: Repetitive authorship of the same issues and books that aid false manahij, and presented a group of suggestions concerning that. And in the discussion of the third issue: The researcher spoke about the importance of preparing and qualifying callers to Allah, a scholastic preparation, a technical preparation, and a knowledge-related preparation, and that is to enable them to keep pace with the developments of the time, and the advancement of sciences. And finally, he ended his research with the conclusions he reached, asking Allah tawfeeq and correctness for all

Keywords: Dawah, Challenges, Multiplicity
The Impact of Cartoon Films and Technological Games on the Creed of a Muslim Child, an Analytical Study
Authors: Muhammad Abdoh Muhammad Alsayyid
Published: December 2021

هدفت الدراسة إلى إبراز خطورة الرسوم المتحركة والألعاب التكنولوجية؛ خاصة على عقيدة الطفل المسلم والتي تؤثر تباعًا على سلوكه اجتماعيا ونفسيًا وثقافيًا، وقد تم الاعتماد على المنهج التحليلي في عرض نماذج من هذه الرسوم والألعاب، ومدى تأثيرهما عليه. وتأتي إشكالية البحث في أن هذه الألعاب والرسوم نشأت في بيئة غير إسلامية-مناسبة لها- ثم انتشرت بعد ذلك إلى الدول الإسلامية حاملة معها أفكارًا وسلوكيات؛ لكنها مخالفة لعقيدة الطفل المسلم، مما كان لها تأثير على عقلية المسلم صغيرًا أو كبيرًا، وأصبح العلماء يختلفون في حكم هذه الرسوم والألعاب، نظرًا لتأثيرهما إيجابيا وسلبيًا. وقد أظهرت النتائج أن هذه الرسوم المتحركة والألعاب الإلكترونية تعد من النوازل العقدية المعاصرة التي ينبغي إظهار الحكم الشرعي فيها بما يتناسب مع هذه النازلة، والالتزام بالضوابط التي لا تخالف شرع الله تعالى.

الكلمات المفاتيح: العقيدة، النوازل، الأفلام الكرتونية، الألعاب الإلكترونية.

Abstract

The research aims at recognizing the danger of animation and Technological games, especially on the Muslim child's Creed which in turn affect his social, psychological, and cultural behavior. The analytical method has been used to display examples of these games and animation and their influence. The dilemma of the research is that such games and animation have been created in a non-muslim environment then spread in the Islamic countries in cluding ideas and behaviors suitable for them, but they are contrary to the muslim child's creed which has an influence on the young or old muslim's mentality. The Sharia scholars disagree on the issue of these games and animation whether they affect negatively or positively. The results showed that these electronic games and animation are among the contemporary doctrinal catastrophes in which the injunction of Sharia should be shown in proportion to such catastrophe and adherence to the dictums that do not violate the law of God Almighty.

Keywords: creed, catastrophe, animation, electronic games.
Provisions for Entitlement to Wages when Benefits are not Satisfied Contemporary Applications in Judicial Rulings Kuwait as a Model
Authors: Badr Al-Uthman Abdullatif
Published: December 2021

يحتوي البحث على دراسة مشروعية إنقاص الأجرة في العقود المستمرة من خلال أحكام وضع الجوائح في الشريعة الإسلامية مقارنة بالقانون التجاري في دولة الكويت، وتتضمن الدراسة أيضاً الحديث عن علاقة الأجرة بالمنفعة والإلزام في التعاقد، وبيان نظرية الظروف الطارئة، وما يترتب على ذلك من الإلزام في دفع الأجرة كاملة، كما يحدث في وقت إغلاق المحلات التجارية كإجراء احترازي صحي من الحكومة، لتخفيف الوباء المنتشر، وكيف يلزم المستأجر بآثار العقد وهو غير قادر على الانتفاع الكامل؟ خصوصا أن فترة الإجراءات الاحترازية قد وصلت لعدة أشهر، وتراكمت الديون والخسائر على الطرفين، وقد ظهرت أحكام قضائية في المحكمة بإنقاص أجرة العقار في فترة الإغلاق الحكومي، وهنا سيتم المقارنة بين أحكام الشريعة الإسلامية، والقانون التجاري، والأحكام النهائية في مشروعية إنقاص الأجرة.

Abstract

The research contains a study of the legality of reducing wages in continuous contracts through the provisions of the status of pandemics in Islamic Sharia compared to commercial law in the State of Kuwait. The study also includes discussion about the relationship of wages to benefit and obligation in contracting, and a statement of the theory of emergency conditions, and the consequent obligation to pay the full rent, as happens at the time of closing the shops as a health precaution from the government, to mitigate the spreading the epidemic, and how does the tenant obligate the effects of the contract when he is unable to fully benefit? Especially since the period of precautionary measures has reached for several months, and debts and losses have accumulated on both parties, and judicial rulings have appeared in the court to reduce the rent of the property during the period of government closure, and here the comparison will be made between the provisions of Islamic Sharia, the Commercial Law, and the final rulings on the legality of reducing the rent.
The Role of the Malaysian Islamic Development Corporation in Monitoring Halal Food and Cosmetic Products: A Descriptive Analysis Case
Authors: Edris Mahmoud Mohamed Ali Mahmoud
Published: December 2021

This study aims to highlight the guiding, and moral role that the Malaysian Foundation for Islamic Development presents in all aspects of Malaysian life as a complete and comprehensive method advocated by Islam as a law that draws from the Sharia and its provisions based on the prophetic saying: “The permissible is clear, and the forbidden is clear, and there are suspicious matters between them that many people are not aware of…”. It also shows that Malaysian Foundation for Halal food act rely on consuming Halal meet only, with permissibility to benefit from slaughtered animals' skin as pure material which was given to us by Allah. The study also shows the Foundation’s interest in following up the non-Muslim community’s treatment of animals, and that they should treat them with respect and care. The Foundation advocates to perform slaughtering animals as stipulated in Shariah, avoiding electric-shock of animals, or throwing them in an inhuman manner. In order to make this goal a reality on the ground, the Foundation appeals to the regulatory authorities to follow up the implementation of the standard specifications for halal products. The Malaysian foundation focuses on halal food ingredients, cosmetics products, medicines, and other Halal related products that are useful to the mankind, accompanied by ethical standards. The researcher relied on the descriptive and deductive analytical method, with the aim to reach the desired outcomes. The study includes two axes: First, it deals with the role of the Malaysian Development Foundation in supervising exports and imports of Malaysian food and medicine products. Second: it studies the situation of the (Halal) brand logo on Malaysian products assessing its profitability in international trade arena and Shariah supervisory professionalism which is adhered to by the Foundation
The Role of Senior Management in Public Shareholding Companies in the Telecommunications Sector in the United Arab Emirates in Supporting the Internal Audit Unit
Authors: Alshemsi Hussain Khalil , Ayedh Abdulla Mohameed Ahmed
Published: December 2021

Internal audit has become one of the most important means of organizations controlling tasks and achieving objectives. As the internal audit is an important activity for the organization to achieve its goals, adhere to regulations and legislation, and reduce cases of fraud, financial and administrative corruption. Therefore, the research aims mainly to identify the role of senior management in public shareholding companies in the telecommunications sector in the United Arab Emirates in supporting the internal audit unit. The study population consisted of 3 public shareholding companies in the UAE. To achieve the objectives of the research, the research relied on the analytical research method and the comparative research method, and the analysis of secondary data obtained from performance governance reports, and the most important findings of the research: There is administrative support for internal audit units by the boards of directors of public shareholding companies in the telecommunications sector in the United Arab Emirates And administrative support includes the five forms: planning, organizing, directing, leadership, motivating and controlling, and there is appropriate independence for the internal audit units, and the boards of directors take and implement the observations of the internal audit units.