bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relation Between Ergosterol and Various Mycotoxins in Different Cheeses
Authors: Kadakal Çetin , Nizamoğlu Nizam Mustafa , Tepe Tolga Kağan , Arısoy Sevda , Tepe Begüm , Batu Suat
Published: April 2020

Thirteen different mostly consumed cheese samples were obtained from different provinces in Turkey and were investigated in terms of contents of ergosterol, patulin and Ochratoxin A (OTA). Ergosterol, patulin and OTA analyses were carried out by using the apparatus of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Ergosterol contents of samples ranged from 30.27±0.69 to 144.76±9.41 mg/kg. The values of OTA in the samples were ranged from 6.96±0.05 to 41±0.2 Âµg/kg. Ergosterol was significantly correlated with OTA (r = 0.99, R2 = 0.98). According to this high correlation, ergosterol might be used as a more readily measurable indicator of potential OTA production. No patulin was detected in all samples. Absence of patulin on cheese samples may be explained with unsuitable media for patulin producing.
Evaluation of Protein Profiles, Bioactivity, Allergenicity and Toxicity of Peptides Generated After in silico Digestion of Common Wheat and Einkorn Wheat
Authors: Perçin Pelin Sultan , Karakaya Sibel
Published: April 2020

The belief that ancient wheat is more beneficial than common wheat has been growing trend in recent years among the consumers. The present study aims to compare bioactive peptide, allergen peptide and toxic peptide generation after gastrointestinal digestion of modern wheat (Triticum aestivum) and ancient wheat, einkorn (Triticum monococcum var. monococcum), using in silico tools. The primary sequences of both kinds of wheat were obtained from BIOPEP-UWM and UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot database. In silico digestion was applied using BIOPEP-UWM online tool. For the simulation of gastrointestinal digestion pepsin (pH 1.3) (EC 3.4.23.1), trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4), and chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1) were selected and analyzed. Homology analysis was performed for each protein sequences using EMBOSS Needle program. Toxic and allergen peptides were predicted using ToxinPred online tool and Allergen FP v.1.0. The results showed that einkorn and common wheat proteins exhibited similar properties including high similarity rate (58.72-87.40%) indicating the percentage of matches between the two sequences and the identical bioactivities for peptides generated after digestion. Most of the bioactive peptides were dipeptides and the majority of them displayed more than one bioactivities including ACE inhibitory, DPP IV inhibitory or antioxidant activity, etc. Allergen peptides generated after in silico digestion were found to be similar for both kinds of wheat. In silico gastric digestion of einkorn and wheat caused toxic peptides production, but they were disappeared after in silico intestinal digestion. In conclusion, although there is a perception related to the Einkorn that is healthier than common wheat, in silico digestion of common wheat and einkorn did not support this perception.
Ekmeklik Buğdayda Geliştirilen Resiprokal Rekombinant Kendilenmiş Hat Populasyonunda Çavdar Translokasyonu Taşıyan Hatların Yarı Bodurluk, Fotoperiyod, Vernalizasyon ve Waxy Genlerinin Taraması
Authors: Güleç Tuğba , Aydın Nevzat
Published: April 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı, çavdar translokasyonu taşıyan rekombinant kendilenmiş hatların yarı bodurluk (Rht), fotoperiyod (Ppd) ve vernalizasyon (Vrn) genleri bakımından genotipik olarak taranmasıdır. Rekombinant kendilenmiş hatlar Tosunbey ile Tahirova-2000 ekmeklik buğday çeşitlerinin melezlenmesi sonucu elde edilmiştir ve bu hatlar içerisinden sadece 1BL.1RS çavdar translokasyonu taşıyan hatlar araştırmada kullanılmıştır. Anaçların ve hatların hepsinin yarı bodurluk alleli olan Rht-B1a ve fotoperiyoda hassasiyet taşımayan allel olan Ppd-D1a alleline sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hatların sahip oldukları vernalizasyon allelleri de (Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1 ve Vrn-D1) belirlenmiştir. Her iki anacın ve hatların vrn-A1 allelini taşıdığı ve Vrn-A1c allelini ise taşımadığı belirlenmiştir. 151 adet hat vrn-B1 allelini ve 154 adet hat Vrn-B1 allelini taşırken, 131 adet hattın vrn-D1 allelini, 174 adet hattın Vrn-D1 allelini taşıdığı saptanmıştır. Çalışmada ayrıca unun kabarması, su tutma kapasitesi ve raf ömrü üzerinde etkili waxy allelleri (Wx-A1, Wx-B1 ve Wx-D1) bakımından da moleküler taramalar yapılmıştır. Taramalar sonucunda 141 adet hattın her üç alleli de taşıdığı ve “normal amilozlu buğday” olduğu, 164 adet hattın ise sadece Wx-A1 ve Wx-D1 allellerine sahip olduğu ve “düşük amilozlu buğday” olduğu belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, araştırmada kullanılan popülasyonun kuraklık başta olmak üzere bazı araştırmalara konu olabileceğini ve buğday ıslah programları için çavdar translokasyonu taşıyan genetik materyal geliştirmek için kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.
Effectiveness of Genetic Parameter Estimation in a Small Flock of Merino Sheep with Shallow Pedigree
Authors: Duru Serdar , Koyuncu Mehmet
Published: April 2020

In this study, the genetic and non-genetic parameters were estimated for growth traits of Karacabey merino sheep. Growth performance data refer to 1863 lambs born between 2016 and 2018. Analyses were carried out by restricted maximum likelihood fitting animal models and disregarding or including maternal genetic or maternal permanent environmental effect. Six different animal model were fitted for all traits, and the most suitable model for each trait was chosen after Akaike information criterion test (AIC). Year of birth, age of dam, type of birth and lamb sex were significant sources of variation on birth weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), Kleiber ratio (KR), weaning weight (WW) and six month weight (6MW). Direct heritability (h^2) for BW, ADG and 6MW were 0.12, 0.02 and 0.04, respectively, however, for KR and WW were 0.00 model 6 (which the best). The estimates of maternal heritability (m^2) for ADG, KR and WW were 0.12, 0.04 and 0.04, respectively in model 5, also maternal heritability were low for BW and 6MW. Maternal permanent environmental effects (c^2) have high contribution to the explanation growth traits and were estimated between 0.19 and 0.75 for these traits. These results showed that selecting for improved maternal and/or direct effects for Karacabey merino in the herd would generate very slow genetic improvement in growth traits.
Su Kısıtı Koşullarında Biber (Capsicum annuum L.) Bitkisinde Mikoriza Uygulamasının Vejetatif ve Generatif Gelişme Üzerinde Etkileri
Authors: Ulukapı Kamile , Kurt Zehra , Sener Sevinc
Published: April 2020

Faydalı toprak organizmaları olan Arbusküler Mikorizal Funguslar (AMF), bitki besin elementlerinin bitki kökleri tarafından alımında ve dolayısıyla sağlıklı bitki gelişiminde önemli bir role sahiptirler. Bu çalışmada toprağa eklenen Glomus etunicatum‘un, su kısıtı uygulanan biber bitkilerinin gelişimi üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, dört farklı sulama konusu (I25, I50, I75, I100) ve AMF uygulamasının Tesla F1 biber çeşidinin bitki gelişimi ve bazı meyve özellikleri üzerine etkileri belirlenmiştir. Bu amaçla deneme sonunda; sürgün uzunluğu (cm), kök uzunluğu (cm), kök yayılımı (cm), yaprak sayısı (adet), yaprak genişliği (mm) ve uzunluğu (mm), gövde çapı (mm), meyve eni (mm), meyve uzunluğu (mm), kök ve sürgün ağırlıkları (g), meyve pH, meyvede kuru madde miktarı ve klorofil indeksi ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Bitkilerden alınan yapraklar örneklerinin P (fosfor) ve K (potasyum) içerikleri belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonunda AMF uygulanan ve uygulanmayan bitkilerin tümünde I75 sulama konusunun hem bitki gelişimi hem de meyve özellikleri açısından en iyi sonucu verdiği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca I75 sulama konusunun bitki gelişimi için yeterli olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Erzincan Tulum Peyniri
Authors: Arslaner Ayla , Türkmen Özgenur
Published: April 2020

Türkiye'ye özgü geleneksel peynir çeşitlerinden biri olan Erzincan Tulum peyniri karakteristik tadı ve aroması nedeniyle en çok tercih edilen geleneksel peynir çeşitlerinden biridir. Olgunlaşma süresince meydana gelen fiziksel, kimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik değişiklikler peynire karakteristik nitelikler kazandırmaktadır. Erzincan Tulum peynirinin özellikleri, üretildiği coğrafya ve üretim yönteminin her aşamasını etkileyen insan faktörleriyle yakından ilişkilidir. Ancak, üretimde bir standart bulunmaması, Erzincan Tulum peynirinin hak ettiği ekonomik değere ulaşmasını engellemiş

ve bölgenin sosyo-ekonomik kalkınmasına yeterli katkı sağlayamamıştır. Peynir üretiminde kullanılan mayanın çeşit, miktar ve mikrobiyolojik kalitesinin farklı olması, sütün kalitesinde değişkenlik, olgunlaşma şartları ve sürelerinin farklılık göstermesi, standart bir ambalaj materyalinin kullanılmayışı gibi teknolojik nedenler yanında; mevzuat ve denetim yetersizlikleri, üreticide henüz Coğrafi İşaret (Cİ) tescili bilincinin oluşmaması ile tescil alan kurum ve kuruluşların Cİ‘leri etkin şekilde kullanmaması bu durumun en önemli nedenleri arasındadır. Bu derlemede; üretildiği bölge ve ülke ekonomisine katkı açısından ciddi potansiyel taşıyan Erzincan Tulum peyniri teknolojisi, mevzuatı, pazarlaması ve tescili ile ilgili araştırmalardan elde edilen bulgulara yer verilerek, bir durum değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır.
Canary Production
Authors: Yenilmez Fatma
Published: April 2020

Canary (Serinus canarius) is one of the most beautiful cage birds. They are small and delicate songbird species. Their origin is the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean. They were first brought to Europe by the Spanish sailors in 1478. Than Britain, Germany, France, Netherlands and Italy were started professional canary breeding. The wild ones live in flocks, mostly on the edge of wooded lakes and creeks. While the color of canaries grown in cages is completely yellow, the wild ones are gray-green. Sound in the wild canary is stronger and more impressive. There are 3 types of canaries commonly produced. These are “Song canaries”, “Color canaries” and “Form canaries”. Nowadays they are often produced for their beautiful color and sound. This article gives brief information about canaries and to provide resources to enthusiasts who want to do produce has been prepared.
The effects of nutritional support for premature babies with ELBW and VLBW with hypoxic damage to the central nervous system
Authors: Abdullayeva Gulban , Batyrhanov Shayhslam , Akhunbaev Stalbek , Uzakov Orozaly
Published: April 2020

Objective: Effect of nutritional support for preterm infants with very low (VLBW) and extremely low body (ELBW) weight with hypoxic damage of the central nervous system (CNS) of varying severity is not well elucidated. 

The aim of this investigation is to study clinical, laboratory, neurosonography and electroencephalography characteristics of preterm infants with VLBW and ELBW with hypoxic of CNS on complex comprehensive nutritional support, diagnostic criteria of which were infants body weight gain,  increase in growth and head circumference

Methods: Criteria of including into the study were VLBW and ELBW of an infant at birth and hypoxic damage to the CNS. Overall, 254 preterm infants born at the term of 23-24 weeks of gestation with body weight at birth less than 1500 grams were included into the prospective study.  All patients underwent anthropometric and clinical observation of height, weight, head circumference and body mass index till 50 weeks of postconceptual age with following evaluation by central curves; standard laboratory and biochemical blood analyses, neurosonography and electroencephalography. Data analysis of further growth of observed infants after discharge from hospital was made in 2017-2019 years on the basis of studying of stationary cards.

Results: In the ELBW group with severe level of hypoxic damage to the CNS, optimum gain was 20-22 g/kg/daily, which allowed to avoid complications on the alimentary tract; in the VLBW group with severe degree it was 16-18g/kg/daily during the first three months of life. In  the ELBW and VLBW groups of children with moderate degree of hypoxic damage the desired gain did not differ and was at the level of 20-25 g/kg/daily. Physiological body weight gain in infants with VLBW and ELBW according to gestational time is connected with favorable somatic and neurological prognosis in these infants. Calculation of calorie intake, selection of the type of feeding for infants with ELBW and with VLBW according to recommendations made by ESPGHAN (2010) ensures positive anthropometric data dynamics without metabolic disruptions.

Conclusion: Physiological body weight gain according to gestation period is connected with favorable somatic and neurological prognosis in these infants.
Evaluation of the Human Pulmonary Activation-Regulated Chemokine (CCL18/PARC) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Levels in Iraqi Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Al-Hashimi Nawal Haider , Al-Gebori Abdulnasser M. , Alosami Mohammed Hadi Munshed
Published: April 2020

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases which occurs as a result of unknown reasons. This study was conducted at Baghdad Teaching Hospital/City of Medicine, where blood samples were taken from 60 Iraqi patients with RA (49 females and 11 males) and these patients were matched by age and sex with 20 healthy controls (16 females and 4 males). Patients with RA were diagnosed by a consultant rheumatologist according to ACR / EULAR criteria in 2010. In this study the patients were divided into four groups as follows; the first group consisted of 12 patients treated with methotrexate (MTX), the second group consisted of 10 patients treated with etanercept, the third group consisted of 18 patients treated with a combination of MTX, etanercept and prednisolone, the fourth group consisted of 20 patients treated with MTX and etanercept. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect CCL18/PARC antibodies, while a spectrophotometer (Humalyzer2000) was used for the measurement of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Serum levels of CCL18 / PARC showed a significant increase in RA patients compared with healthy controls (p â‰¤ 0.001). The levels of CCL18/PARC showed a significant correlation with disease activity (CDAI), except in RA patients treated with etanercept. There was also no significant correlation between CCL18/PARC and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The results showed a significant increase in serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was recorded in RA patients (with treatment) as compared to healthy controls (p â‰¤ 0.001).
The Establishment of a Theoretical Model for the Estimation of Some Photo-Physical Processes in Laser Dyes
Authors: Al-Arab Husam S. , Al-Kadhemy Mahasin F. H. , Saeed Asrar Abdulmunem
Published: April 2020

In this study, a new theoretical method for the estimation of absorption and fluorescence spectra is accomplished. These estimations were established following experimental measurements of absorption and fluorescence spectra for the solutions of fluorescein laser dye mixed with titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticlesin distilled water. The used concentration of fluorescein dye was 1x10-5 M, whereas the masses of titanium dioxide nanoparticles were 0.0003g, 0.0005g, 0.001g and 0.002g. An absorption spectra improvement was observed upon raising the mass of TiO2 nanoparticles, which specifies that doping the fluorescein dye with TiO2 nanoparticles have an essential influence on the dye absorption spectra. On the other side, all fluorescence spectra for the dye quenched as TiO2 nanoparticles mass was increased, because of the induced electron transfer. The new method of theoretical estimations was based on curve fitting using Logistic Power Peak (LPP) function to estimate theoretical models for the absorption and fluorescence spectra of thesesamples. The results revealed that these estimated models had exceptional matching shapes with the experimental shapes, so that the estimated models can substitute the experimental measurements.
Determination of Particles and Minerals Content in Soft Clay Soil of the Mekong Delta Coastal Provinces, Southern Vietnam for Inorganic Adhesives Stabilization
Authors: Ná»¥ Nguyá»…n Thá»‹ , Toan Do Minh , Phi Hong Thinh , Son Bui Truong
Published: April 2020

The paper aims at investigating the content of particles and minerals of soft clay soil in the Mekong Delta coastal provinces, southern Vietnam, as well as improving soil stability using inorganic adhesives, i.e.lime and cement-based stabilization. To study the composition of soft clay soil, a series of different laboratory methods were carried out and revealed various characteristics related to mineral composition, pH value, soluble salt content, and grain particle composition of soft clay soils. The results demonstrated five soil subtypes, namely high â€“ saline soil (S2), low-saline soil (S1), acid sulfate soil (A), acid sulfate - saline soil (S-A), soil without salt andacid sulfate content (S0- A0). The soft clay soil (C) included 5 subtypes, which were C-S2, C-S1, C-A, C-AS, and C-S0-A0, whereas the soft sandy clay soil (SC) included three subtypes, namely SC-S2, SC- S1, and SC-S0-A0. Analysis of the above results showed that the high - saline soil, acid sulfate soil, and acid sulfate - saline soil are not suitable for lime and cement stabilization. This observation was illustrated by the initial experiment of cement â€“ soil mixture properties.
Fixed Point Theorem for Set Valued Mapping with Rational Condition
Authors: Khaleel Liqaa J. , Ahmed Buthainah A. A.
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we generalized the principle of Banach contractive to the relative formula and then used this formula to prove that the set valued mapping has a fixed point in a complete partial metric space. We also showed that the set-valued mapping can have a fixed point in a complete partial metric space without satisfying the contraction condition. Additionally, we justified an example for our proof.
New Types of Perfectly Supra Continuous Functions
Authors: Humadi Nadia Kadum , Ali Haider Jebur
Published: April 2020

We wrote this paper to proffer new types of the perfectly supra continuous functions. We also introduced new types of supra continuous, supra open and supra closed functions.
R-annihilator-Coessential and R-annihilator-Coclosed Submodules
Authors: Ibrahim Omar K. , Elewi Alaa A.
Published: April 2020

Let be a unitary left R-module on associative ring with identity. A submodule of is called -annihilator small if , where is a submodule of , implies that ann( )=0, where ann( ) indicates annihilator of in . In this paper, we introduce the concepts of -annihilator-coessential and - annihilator - coclosed submodules. We give many properties related with these types of submodules.
The The Resolution of Weyl Module for Two Rows in Special Case of the Skew-Shape
Authors: Abd-Alrida Shaymaa N. , Hassan Haytham R.
Published: April 2020

The aim of this work is to survey the two rows resolution of Weyl module and locate the terms and the exactness of the Weyl Resolution in the case of skew-shape (8,6)/(2,1).
On Hollow â€“ Jâ€“Lifting Modules
Authors: Attieh Ali Abd
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we introduce and study the concepts of hollow â€“ Jâ€“lifting modules and FI â€“ hollow â€“ Jâ€“lifting modules as a proper generalization of both hollowâ€“lifting and Jâ€“lifting modules . We call an Râ€“module M as hollow â€“ J â€“ lifting if for every submodule N of M with is hollow, there exists a submodule K of M such that M = K á¸° and K N in M . Several characterizations and properties of hollow â€“Jâ€“lifting modules are obtained . Modules related to hollow â€“ Jâ€“lifting modules are  given .
On Estimation of P(Y_1<X<Y_2 ) in Cased Inverse Kumaraswamy Distribution
Authors: Hameed Bsma Abdul , Salman Abbas N. , Kalaf Bayda Atiya
Published: April 2020

This paper deals with the estimation of the stress strength reliability for a component which has a strength that is independent on opposite lower and upper bound stresses, when the stresses and strength follow Inverse Kumaraswamy Distribution. D estimation approaches were applied, namely the maximum likelihood, moment, and shrinkage methods. Monte Carlo simulation experiments were performed to compare the estimation methods based on the mean squared error criteria.
Impacts of Heat and Mass Transfer on Magneto Hydrodynamic Peristaltic Flow Having Temperature-dependent Properties in an Inclined Channel Through Porous Media
Authors: Kareem Rabiha S. , Abdulhadi Ahmed M.
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we study the impacts of variable viscosity , heat and mass transfer on magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) peristaltic flow in a asymmetric tapered inclined channel with porous medium . The viscosity is considered as a function of temperature. The slip conditions at the walls were taken into consideration. SmallReynolds number and the long wavelength approximations were used to simplify the governing equations. A comparison between the two velocities in cases of slip and no-slip was plotted. It was observed that the behavior of the velocity differed in the two applied models for some parameters. Mathematica software was used to estimate the exact solutions of temperature and concentration profiles. The resolution of the equations to the momentum was based on the perturbation method to find the axial velocity, pressure gradient and trapping phenomenon. The influences of the various flow parameters of the problem on these distributions were debated and proved graphically by figures.
Elucidative Histopathological Study in Female Cancer Patients
Authors: Tarannum Juveria , Manaswini P. , Deekshitha Ch. , Reddy B. Pratap , Sunder A. Shyam
Published: April 2020

Aims: Because of the high incidence of cancer in females, we need to identify an accurate therapy to deal with the treatment of different types and stages of cancer. Histopathology acts as an important step to foresee the stage in which the cancer is present, its risk of metastasis, and the health outcomes after completion of treatment. Histopathology grading acts as an important criterion to determine the treatment pattern to be adopted, the prognosis in patients and other possible future risks. Hence conducting novel histopathologcial studies in major female cancers is necessary in determining the treatment plan to be chosen for the patient.

Study design: Retrospective Observational study

Place and Duration of Study: St. Annâ€™s Cancer Hospital, Warangal, Telangana, India. The patientâ€™s histopathological reports were collected between March and August 2018.

Methodology: The study sample included 275 non-pregnant female patients aged above 20 years and diagnosed with different cancers based on histopathology. Histopathological observations were taken by collecting parameters that included specimen submitted, lymphadenopathy specimen, macroscopic appearance, macroscopic tumour site, coexistent pathology, histological tumour grade, lymphovascular invasion, and distant metastasis.Results: The histopathologcial study concludes that regional lymph nodes (55.2%) were more common than other lymph nodes. Mostly, tumours demonstrated swollen and ulcerative appearance (48%), with grading as G0 stage (57.45%) having better prognosis and good quality of life. The most commonly observed types of tumours were as follows; In Breast Cancer: infiltrating ducal carcinoma (61. 9%), in Cervix Cancer: squamous cell carcinoma (83.92%), in Ovarian Cancer: mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (53.84%), in Vaginal Cancer, and in Vulvar Cancer: squamous cell carcinoma (100%).Conclusion: Knowing the type of tumour to develop, the threat it poses to health, and the mechanisms that mediate its development are important factors in the management of the disease. This detailed information may aid the implementation of more accurate preventive measures in a population by selecting the proper treatment plan and understanding the risk of future chances of reoccurrence and metastasis.
Monotone Approximation by Quadratic Neural Network of Functions in Lp Spaces for p<1
Authors: Almurieb Hawraa Abbas , Bhaya Eman Samir
Published: April 2020

Some researchers are interested in using the flexible and applicable properties of quadratic functions as activation functions for FNNs. We study the essential approximation rate of any Lebesgue-integrable monotone function by a neural network of quadratic activation functions. The simultaneous degree of essential approximation is also studied. Both estimates are proved to be within the second order of modulus of smoothness.
The Numerical Approximation of the Bioheat Equation of Space-Fractional Type Using Shifted Fractional Legendre Polynomials
Authors: Al-Saadawi Firas A. , Al-Humedi Hameeda Oda
Published: April 2020

The aim of this paper is to employ the fractional shifted Legendre polynomials (FSLPs) in the matrix form to approximate the fractional derivatives and find the numerical solutions of the one-dimensional space-fractional bioheat equation (SFBHE). The Caputo formula was utilized to approximate the fractional derivative. The proposed methodology applied for two examples showed its usefulness and efficiency. The numerical results showed that the utilized technique is very efficacious with high accuracy and good convergence.
Some Properties of the Essential Fuzzy and Closed Fuzzy Submodules
Authors: Marhon Hassan K. , Khalaf Hatam Y.
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we introduce and study the essential and closed fuzzy submodules of a fuzzy module X as a generalization of the notions of essential and closed submodules. We prove many basic properties of both concepts.
Evaluation of the Pollution Elements at Samara Water Table â€“ Iraq
Authors: Shimal Marwah S. , Shaban Auday H.
Published: April 2020

Underground water is extracted by wells that are connected through underground canals. Thus, the levels of pollutant elements in ground water could be evaluated directly from water samples collected from the wells. This study was conducted in the city of Samara / Salah-Aldeen province â€“ Iraq. The samples were taken from 29wells within the study area for the period 2012-2014 with a supervision from the General Authority for Groundwater / the Iraqi Ministry of Water Resources. GIS technology was adopted to calculate the pollution elements at Samara water table. The concentrations of chemical elements [K, Na, Mg, Cl, Ca] and compounds [SO4, HCO3] were manipulated and calculated for the entire area. The results of laboratory analyses showed that the groundwater in this area is not suitable for use as drinking water for humans, since the concentrations of the chemical elements and the compounds exceeded the permissible limits and are not in accordance with WHO standards. However, the results also indicated that the groundwater in the covered area is suitable for agriculture irrigation.
Flat Model for Representing Contiguous UTM Coordinates over Iraq Territory
Authors: Sayed Baqir H. , George Loay E.
Published: April 2020

The process of converting coordinates is, still, considered an important and difficult issue due to the way of conversion from geographic ellipsoidal system to the projected flat system. The most common method uses contiguous UTM system as one of the most accurate systems in the conversion process, but the users of thesystem face problems related to contiguity, especially at the large areas that lie within more than one zone. The aim of the present research is to solve the problem related to the multiple zones coverage found in the Iraqi territory using a mathematical model based on the use of Taylor series. The most accurate conversion equation used in this paper was based on the 4th order polynomial of two variables. The calculation of equationsâ€™ coefficients was performed using least square criterion for the coordinateâ€™s values, i.e., either latitude, longitude) or East (E), North (N) coordinates. The two basic determinations, for the forward and backward, wereapplied. In the first stages, the conversion of the coordinates from Longitude/ Latitude to East/ North was determined. Then, the second conversion stage was determined, i.e., the coordinates conversion from East, North to Longitude, Latitude). For each phase, a spatial accuracy assessment was conducted. The resultsshowed that the adopted mathematical model was successful to accomplish the conversion process. A very small error average of about 3 cm at east and less than 5 cm at north was reached using the 4th order polynomial equations.
Selective Image Encryption Based on DCT, Hybrid Shift Coding and Randomly Generated Secret Key
Authors: George Loay E. , Hassan Enas Kh. , Mohammed Sajaa G. , Mohammed Faisel G.
Published: April 2020

Most of todayâ€™s techniques encrypt all of the image data, which consumes a tremendous amount of time and computational payload. This work introduces a selective image encryption technique that encrypts predetermined bulks of the original image data in order to reduce the encryption/decryption time and thecomputational complexity of processing the huge image data. This technique is applying a compression algorithm based on Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). Two approaches are implemented based on color space conversion as a preprocessing for the compression phases YCbCr and RGB, where the resultant compressed sequence is selectively encrypted using randomly generated combined secret key.The results showed a significant reduction in image quality degradation when applying the system based on YCbCr over RGB, where the compression ratio was raised in some of the tested images to 50% for the same Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR). The usage of 1-D DCT reduced the transform time by 47:1 times comparedto the same transform using 2-D DCT. The values of the adaptive scalar quantization parameters were reduced to the half for the luminance (Y band) to preserve the visual quality, while the chrominance (Cb and Cr bands) were quantized by the predetermined quantization parameters. In the hybrid encoder horizontal zigzag,block scanning was applied to scan the image. The Detailed Coefficient (DC) coefficients are highly correlated in this arrangement- where DC are losslessly compressed by Differential Pulse Coding Modulation (DPCM) and theAccumulative Coefficients (AC) are compressed using Run Length Encoding (RLE). As a consequence, for the compression algorithm, the compression gain obtained was up to 95%. Three arrays are resulted from each band (DC coefficients, AC values, and AC runs), where the cipher is applied to some or all of those bulksselectively. This reduces the encryption decryption time significantly, where encrypting the DC coefficients provided the second best randomness and the least encryption/decryption time recorded (3 10-3 sec.) for the entire image. Although the compression algorithm consumes time but it is more efficient than the savedencryption time.
The Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Blood and Biochemical Parameters: A Comparative Study Among Male Smokers and Non-Smokers In Baghdad City
Authors: Jaafar Noor Sadiq
Published: April 2020

The impact of smoking on human health is remarkable and can lead to death. This research was performed to test the effects of cigarette smoking on some parameters that are considered as signs of critical problems in human body. The study was carried out on fifty Iraqi male smokers in Baghdad city, who smoked at least 10 cigarettes per day for at least 15 years. The group includes 25 male smokers with an age range of 20 -55 years and 25 male non-smokers who were collected with the same range of age for statistical comparison. The results of the study revealed significant increases in blood parameters, including hemoglobin (Hb, 16.0917 (g/dl) , packed cell volume (PCV, 49.2%), red blood cells (RBC, 5.4763 X1012/L), white blood cell (WBC, 12.5565 X109/L), and platelet (PLT, 430.000 x1012/L). Similar effects were observed in relation to the serum biochemical parameters o of kidney function (urea, 53.2400 mg/ dl; creatinine, 1.5480 mg/ dl) as well as liver function (alanine aminotransferase, ALT, 104.9200 U/l; aspartate transaminase, AST, 122.3040 U/l; alkaline phosphatase, ALP, 337.4000U/l); total serum bilirubin, TSB, 0.6780 mg/ dl). However, significantly decreased levels of total protein (60.6800 mg/ dl) and uric acid (4.2400 mg/ dl) were recorded in cigarette smokers when compared with non-smokers group.
Comparison of Trichomoniasis Diagnosis by Microscopic Methods and Indirect ELISA Technique in a Sample of Iraqi Women
Authors: Bedair Nada H. , Ali Hayder Z.
Published: April 2020

Trichomonas vaginalis is an eukaryotic parasite that causes the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection, trichomoniasis. This disease is responsible for many serious health problems such as preterm birth. More than half of the infected women do not develop symptoms, which makes it difficult to diagnose thedisease. In this study, a specific indirect ELISA method was developed to detect anti-Trichomonas vaginalis IgM and IgG immunoglobulins in the sera of infected females. The aim of this study was to investigate the sensitivity of a simple ELISA procedure in comparison to the classical urine examination and vaginal wet mount preparation for the diagnosis of T. vaginalis. The sensitivity of the indirect ELISA was compared with the classical vaginal discharge swab and urine microscopic examination, and the results showed sensitivities of 65.5% and 57.2%, respectively. Furthermore, the infection was measurable as acute or chronic with the refined test.
The Antibiofilm Efficacy of Gold Nanoparticles Against Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Al-Shaabani Mahmood Jasim Mohammed , Turki Ahmed Mohammed , Al-Mathkhury Harith J. Fahad
Published: April 2020

Acinetobacter baumannii is highly adapted to hospital environments, causing persistent chronic infections due to its ability to form biofilms. In this work, the antibiofilm activity of AuNPs with a subMIC concentration of 9.34 Î¼g/ml was investigated by the microtiter plate method against 80 clinical isolates of A. baumannii. The results revealed that the biofilm was significantly (P< 0.05) reduced by 48.2 â€“ 82.1%.
Extraction and Partial Purification of Exo-Polysaccharide from Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Isolated from Vaginal Specimens
Authors: Alshammery Reyam M. , Alaubydi Mouruj A.
Published: April 2020

Lactobacillus spp. is one of the most important strains used worldwide in different applications that range from medical to industrial uses. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the potential capability of the putative probiotic L. rhamnosus isolated from clinical vaginal specimens to produce exopolysaccharide (EPS). From a total of 100 clinical samples, only 13 (13%) samples were represented as Lactobacillus spp, as characterized by the use of the API 50CHL system. The results revealed that the number of L. rhamnosus isolates constituted 4/13 (30.8%), with a confident percentage of more than 80%. In addition, characterization by 16S rRNA sequencing showed 100% similarity to the characterized species of L. rhamnosus. Also, the results showed a strong capability of all Lactobacillus spp. isolates to produce biofilm. On the other hand, the antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed increases of antimicrobial resistance. The selected L. rhamnosus showed thecapability to produce exopolysaccharide with carbohydrate and protein concentrations of 74.774 Î¼g/ml and 0.0145Î¼g/ml, respectively. This bacterial isolate demonstrated the ability to form a thin capsule with carbohydrate and protein concentrations of about1.314 Î¼g/ml and 0.01Î¼g/ml, respectively.
Fabrication of a Chemical Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance via Plastic Optical Fiber
Authors: Jassam Ghufran Mohammed , Alâ€“Bassam Soudad S. , Sultan Murtadha F.
Published: April 2020

In this work, a chemical optical fiber sensor based on Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) was designed and implemented using plastic optical fiber. The sensor is used for estimating refractive indices and concentrations of various chemical materials (methanol, distilled water, ethanol, kerosene) as well as for evaluating the performance parameters such as sensitivity, signal to noise ratio, resolution and the figure of merit of the fabricated sensor. It was found that the value of the sensitivity of the optical fiber-based SPR sensor, with 40 nm thick and 10 mm long Au metal film of exposed sensing region, was 3Î¼m/RIU, while the SNR was 0.24, the figure of merit was 20, and the resolution was 0.00066. The sort of optical fiber utilized in this work is plastic optical fiber with a core diameter of 980 Î¼m, a fluorinated polymer cladding of 20Î¼m and a numerical aperture of 0.51.
Synthesis and characterization of silver oxide nanoparticles prepared by chemical bath deposition for NH3 gas sensing applications
Authors: Nayel Hajar H. , AL-Jumaili Hamid S.
Published: April 2020

Nano-silver oxide thin films with high sensitivity for NH3 gas were deposited on glass substrates by the chemical bath deposition technique. The preparations were made under different values of pH and deposition time at 70áµ’ C, using silver nitrate AgNO3 and triethanolamine. XRD analysis showed that all thin films werepolycrystalline with several peaks of silver oxides such as Ag2O, AgO and Ag3O4, with an average crystallite size that ranged between 31.7 nm and 45.8 nm, depending on the deposition parameters. Atomic force microscope (AFM) technique illustrated that the films were homogenous with different surface roughness and thegrain size ranged between 55.69 nm and 86.23 nm. The UV-Vis spectrophotometer showed that the optical direct energy gap ranged between 1.66 eV to 2.12 eV. The silver oxide thin film gives a high sensitivity of 70.12 for NH3 gas at 75Â°C operating temperature. This study shows that different types of silver oxides can beprepared by the CBD techniques, with the nanostructure to be used in gas sensors and optoelectronic applications.
A Comprehensive Needs Analysis of French Course for Tourism and Hospitality Program
Authors: Arsiyana Marliza , Hernadi Nour
Published: April 2020

This study aims to conduct a comprehensive needs analysis on french language for tourism and hospitality programs by looking closely at three points of view, i.e., 120 students of tourism and hospitality program, 7 french lecturers, and 5 hospitality professionals. This research applied a mixed-methods approach to collecting the data. This means that this study deployed a set of qualitative and quantitative measures to attain deep answers. Furthermore, the data in this study were collected through multiple instruments, including interviews and questionnaires. The result of the analysis of the data revealed that the French language was one of the significant foreign languages, besides English, that needed to be learned by the students to have a good carrier in the hospitality and tourism industry in the future. Along with that fact, speaking was considered as the most important language skill, among the other skills, which have to be developed by the students. Moreover, the ideal teaching materials urgently needed to be developed within this context were those equal to the intermediate level. The findings of this study were expected to have a further contribution to the development of comprehensive teaching syllabuses, materials, as well as lesson plans for French-language classrooms in the tourism and hospitality program.
The Effect of Data-driven Learning & Image-schema-based Polysemy Networks Instruction on Learning Spatial Prepositions of Verticality: The Case of Moroccan EFL Learners
Authors: Bouabida Nihal
Published: April 2020

This paper reports on a quasi-experimental study investigating the effects of a teaching methodology that combines Cognitive Linguistics (CL) and Corpus Linguistics (CrpL) insights on the acquisition of the two sets of English spatial prepositions of verticality, over/above and under/below. In addition, it is also concerned with learnersâ€™ attitudes towards the method of instruction. A total of 55 Moroccan first-year university students participated in this study, 22 of which were assigned to the experimental group, and 26 to the control group. The experimental group received what we termed the IPDDL instruction, which involves cognitive representations of the prepositions based on Image-schemas, the Principled Polysemy model, and Data-Driven Learning. The control group, in contrast, received a traditional instruction based on definitions and example sentences provided in dictionaries. Participants' performance was measured with pre-, post-, and delayed post-tests in the form of a semantic judgment task and a gap-filling task. The findings demonstrate that the IPDDL method of instruction was significantly more effective in helping students acquire vertical prepositions, and its advantages proved durable posterior to two weeks of the instruction period. Thus, this study lends support to the applicability of a CL-CrpL-inspired methodology in second language instruction.
Possessive Construction in Russian and Indonesian Noun Phrases: Contrastive Analysis and Translation
Authors: Karyaningsih Tri Yulianty
Published: April 2020

This paper aims to discuss the comparison between possessive constructions in Russian and Indonesian noun phrases. Since both of the languages have different grammatical systems, their possessive constructions may also be different. The differences are discussed using a contrastive analysis approach. However, the similarities between them are also taken into consideration following one of the practical purposes of contrastive analysis, namely, to aid the translation process. The theory employed in this research is eclectic. The research method employed in this research is descriptive method with contrastive analysis model. In addition, for translation analysis, word-for-word and literal methods are used here. The data in this research are collected from the Russian National Corpus and some selected literary works in Russian and Indonesian. The result suggests that there are some structural differences and similarities between Russian and Indonesian in terms of word order, attributive categories, and grammatical categories of the elements constituting noun phrases. The results of this comparison can be referred to in the translation of possessive construction of both languages so that the closest equivalent is found following the rules of each language.
Petrology and Geochemistry of Gole Pillow Basalt in Penjween area Kurdistan Region- NE Iraq
Authors: . Qaradaghi Jabbar M. A , . Mohammed Yousif O , Aziz. Salim A.
Published: April 2020

The petrological, morphometric and geochemical analyses of pillow lava from Gole village (Penjween town) Sulaimani city Northeastern Iraq have been undertaken. The Gole Pillow basalt (GPB) extruded, in the form of pillow and sheet flow into the Qulqula radiolarite Formation. The basaltic intrusion restricted to a small area of about 100 m2 within Penjween- Walash zone in the Zagros Suture Zone (ZSZ) of Iraq. The investigated area divided into two sections GPB1 and GPB2. It is envisaged that the studied area distinct two episodes of submarine alkaline eruptions that produced pillowed lavas that differently interacted with seawater to produce different morphologies and geochemistries. The pillows of the GPB1 section well exposed all along the Shalair river near Gole village. Although the pillows of the GPB2 section altered due to low-grade metamorphism and late hydrothermal processes, their igneous textures are still preserved. GPB samples are mostly phyric in nature and show porphyritic or sub-ophitic textures.
Petrographically, most of the GPB rock samples appeared as amygdaloidal and vesicular aphanitic basalt. Large phenocryst of hypersthene with schiller structure is present within a matrix of longer quenched plagioclase. Numerous small euhedral grains of opaque minerals like ilmenite and hematite are dispersed in the fine groundmass.
Morphological features show that the GPB appeared as spheroidal and lobate to tubular individual pillows. Although some pillow extends 2 meters with a foreset distribution some others show cracked with irregularly jointed surface and larger vesicles partly filled with calcite and quartz.
Geochemical investigation of GPB exhibit high TiO2 (3.42 – 3.84 wt.%), Fe2O3 (14.84–19.93 wt.%), and high Zr/Nb and Zr/Y ratios respectively (5.85 – 7.2) (7.10-11.40). The content of alkalies, with the Nb/Y ratio≥1.4, and silica, as well as many trace element discrimination diagrams, classify the GPB as alkaline basalts.
The field, stratigraphic relationships, and geochemistry of the GPB and associated clastic and carbonate sediments suggest that the pillow lavas were emplaced in a shallow marine marginal within plate basin. The overall geochemistry of GPB resembles that of alkaline basalts generated in within-plate ocean island settings (OIB-type).
 
http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.131
Optical dispersion characterization of CZTS thin films prepared by sol gel at different annealing temperature
Authors: Salih Ali Ismail
Published: April 2020

Thin films of (CZTS) were prepared by the sol–gel method and annealed at a range of temperatures (500, 550, 600, 650oC) under ambient condition. X-ray diffraction chart shows a preferential direction along (112) which was an indacating to the Kesterite structure. The optical properties of annealing thin films were examined by UV-Vis spectroscopy, and the energy gap was determined by the Tauc method. The band gap values increase with increasing the annealing temperature. The dispersion of refractive  index of the thin film was analyzed by using the concept of single oscillator in Wemple-DiDomenico model. The average values of the dispersion energy (Ed) and the oscillator energy (Eo) of the interband optical transition were obtained, Ed≈23eV, Eo≈3.775eV and Eg≈2.15eV. The average value of the oscillator energy has a close value to that of the energy gap, for this work Eo≈1.737Eg. It has been concluded that, as the annealing temperature of the CZTS thin films increase the optical transmittance and  the energy band gap will be decreased, also there is a blue shift in the shortest optical wavelength of CZTS thin films λCZTS, from 605 to 475nm with increasing annealing temperature from 500 to 600oC.
 
http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.132
Enhancement of ZnO nanostructures Properties Grown by Electrochemical deposition technique
Authors: A.D Shahad , Hassan N.K. , Mahmood Q.H.
Published: April 2020

ZnO nanostructure has been successfully synthesized on n-type Si (111) by electrochemical deposition method. The (FESEM) Images Showed that the Seed-shaped ZnO nanostructures with 20 nm radius occurred by changing the annealing time. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that ZnO were hexagonal grown with very high (101) orientation. The Optical gap spectrum proves that the grown ZnO Seed-shaped nanostructures of a very high quality in the UV region from electromagnetic spectrum.
 
http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.133
Study the effect of thickness and reflectivity on (n-ZnSe / p-MASnI3 / p-CuSCN) solar cell properties using SCAPS-1D
Authors: Mohammed Tariq A. , Saleh Ayed N.
Published: April 2020

The effect of the absorption layer (MASnI3) within the range (200nm-900nm) was studied with the thickness of each layer HTM and ETM (10nm) for each. After completion of the study we found that the best thickness of the absorption plate is at (400nm), note that the cells used in the program is not perfect it contain defects, to be closer to the practical reality, after completing this study In the framework of this study was added a filter mirrors (95% mirro) from the library of the program (Scaps) and that the studied solar cells (n-ZnSe / p-MASnI3 / p-CuSCN) Reflectivity (R) ranged between 0.11-0.99 and the best reflective range at 0.99 was (η) 20.98 filler (FF) 68.55% short circuit current (Jsc) 34.040 mA/cm2 and volt circuit (Voc) 0.894 V. The default illumination spectrum has been set to the AM1.5 global standard
 
http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.134