bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Handling Outliers and Missing Data in Regression Models Using R: Simulation Examples
Authors: Reda Abonazel Mohamed
Published: September 2020

This paper has reviewed two important problems in regression analysis (outliers and missing data), as well as some handling methods for these problems. Moreover, two applications have been introduced to understand and study these methods by R-codes. Practical evidence was provided to researchers to deal with those problems in regression modeling with R. Finally, we created a Monte Carlo simulation study to compare different handling methods of missing data in the regression model. Simulation results indicate that, under our simulation factors, the k-nearest neighbors method is the best method to estimate the missing values in regression models.
Relationship Between Teachers and Students for Motivation (A Case Study of Community School of Nepal)
Authors: Rawal Shankar Bahadur
Published: September 2020

This research paper is focused to analyze how teachers - students’ relationship plays a crucial role in students’ motivation in learning. This paper is based on the Gardner model of motivation. By adopting a qualitative method approach and a phenomenological research design, the research paper has been prepared. Convenience sampling technique has been used in it. Data were collected by using a questionnaire and unstructured interview via telephone. Four issues were identified between the teachers-student’s relationships throughout the unstructured interview: the importance of teacher-student relationship, teacher expectation, students’ motivation, and increase in academic learning. The delimitation of this researcher was to collect the data from the telephone call due to the high transmission and risk of communicable diseases like corona virus (COVID -19) spreading all over the world. The research found out that, the better contact and mutual relationship between teachers and students result in higher students’ motivation in learning.
EDUCAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA MEDIADA POR FEIRA DE CIÊNCIAS NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA – UM ENFOQUE CTSA
Authors: Rodrigues Chirlei de Fátima , Xavier Lucas Antonio , Andrade Henrique Alves , Leite Sidnei Quezada Meireles
Published: September 2020

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o projeto Feira de Ciências, desenvolvido em uma escola da rede estadual de educação básica, situada no município de Piúma, Espírito Santo, Brasil. O projeto figura como um tipo de metodologia capaz de potencializar a aprendizagem de conhecimentos na área das ciências, pois sua realização demanda a utilização e aplicação de uma diversidade de recursos que envolvem práticas de ensino diferenciadas, tais como, atividades investigativas, uso de método científico, atividades de pesquisa, exploração de recursos tecnológicos, entre outros. A experiência relatada se baseou na análise, de natureza qualitativa, de 209 projetos, tendo sido adotado, como parâmetro, a correlação entre os projetos desenvolvidos pelos alunos e as dimensões do enfoque Ciência, Tecnologia, Sociedade e Ambiente - CTSA. Após a análise verificou-se que, aproximadamente 13,9% dos projetos desenvolvidos contemplaram as quatro dimensões do enfoque, contribuindo, dessa forma, com o diálogo entre as diversas disciplinas componentes do currículo escolar, evidenciando a interdisciplinaridade, defendida no projeto político pedagógico da escola, e a perspectiva de uma educação reflexiva e crítica.
Brincando com circuitos elétricos: Um conjunto de práticas desenvolvidas no âmbito do PIBID/UFRJ-FÍSICA
Authors: Soares Matheus Silva , De Almeida Ana Caroline Chagas , Da Silva Hozana Antonelli , Gama Larissa Paiva Novelino , Sales Vitor Cossich de Holanda , Vianna Deise Miranda
Published: September 2020

Neste trabalho, é abordada a prática pedagógica “Brincando com circuitos elétricos” aplicada em 2017 em uma turma do terceiro ano do Ensino Médio em uma escola da rede pública. Através dela, os integrantes do subprojeto PIBID/UFRJ-FÍSICA tratam do tema associação de resistores promovendo a cada grupo de alunos a reflexão a respeito dos fenômenos físicos presentes nos circuitos propostos para serem montados. Ao fim, através das respostas elaboradas pelos estudantes participantes, os autores comentam como o discurso dos grupos se aproximam ou não do modelo científico ainda não trabalhado com a turma.
APLICATIVOS PARA O ENSINO DE ANATOMIA HUMANA: UMA DISCUSSÃO SOBRE A SELEÇÃO DESTES RECURSOS
Authors: Manhães Marcelle de Oliveira , Batista Silvia Cristina Freitas , Marcelino Valéria de Souza
Published: September 2020

A popularização dos dispositivos móveis, em especial os smartphones, viabiliza o desenvolvimento de práticas pedagógicas com apoio de aplicativos, no espaço escolar, a partir dos equipamentos dos próprios alunos. Em particular, nas aulas de Anatomia Humana, os aplicativos podem proporcionar visualizações que oferecem muito mais detalhes do que imagens estáticas. No entanto, como qualquer recurso didático, a escolha de aplicativos requer senso crítico do professor, tendo em vista os propósitos pretendidos. Nesse contexto, este artigo tem por objetivo discutir aspectos relacionados à seleção de aplicativos para o estudo de Anatomia Humana. Os dados que fundamentam essa discussão foram levantados por meio de uma pesquisa empírica e de uma Revisão Sistematizada da Literatura (RSL). A pesquisa empírica requereu, inicialmente, levantamento e seleção de aplicativos que pudessem apoiar situações pedagógicas sobre Anatomia Humana, no Ensino Médio. Foram selecionados cinco aplicativos, considerando critérios, tais como gratuidade e uso sem Internet. Uma avaliação desses aplicativos foi promovida por licenciandos em Biologia de uma Instituição Federal de Educação. A RSL foi realizada em trabalhos acadêmicos nacionais relacionados à seleção e/ou a avaliação de aplicativos para o estudo de Anatomia Humana. A pesquisa empírica permitiu identificar bons recursos para o estudo de Anatomia Humana, mas também verificar que é preciso atenção a critérios. A RSL mostrou que os trabalhos analisados defendem o uso de aplicativos para o estudo de Anatomia Humana, porém destacam que essa utilização por si só não soluciona problemas, pois as contribuições para aprendizagem dependem de planejamento e dos objetivos propostos.
REFLEXÕES SOBRE O ENSINO DE ARTES E A LUDICIDADE NA INFÂNCIA: DUAS INSTÂNCIAS MUTUAMENTE DEPENDENTES
Authors: Barduni Filho Jairo , De Andrade Glauciana Alice
Published: September 2020

O presente artigo busca discutir a importância das atividades artísticas como ferramentas pedagógicas no trabalho com as crianças. O estudo de cunho qualitativo elenca aspectos favoráveis que tais atividades podem proporcionar como compreensão dos conteúdos curriculares de forma lúdica e prazerosa bem como desenvolvimento da imaginação, criação, abstração e a possibilidade que a professora tem de trabalhar demais eixos pedagógicos de forma interdisciplinar. A pesquisa, de cunho bibliográfico e de campo, contou com entrevistas semi-estruturadas com docentes que atuam no ensino fundamental da rede pública. A análise e discussão das entrevistas nos indicam que o trabalho com atividades artísticas e a ludicidade são mutuamente dependentes e fundamentais no processo de ensino-aprendizagem contribuindo com o processo de construção da identidade da criança.
GESTÃO ESCOLAR E A QUESTÃO DO CONSUMO DE DROGAS: O CASO DA EDUCAÇÃO DE ADULTOS NO COLÉGIO ESTADUAL DEPUTADO HERCULANO MENEZES
Authors: Paim Rossana Corrêa
Published: September 2020

O presente trabalho tem como temática “Gestão Escolar e a Questão do Consumo de Drogas: O Caso da Educação de Adultos no Colégio Estadual Deputado Herculano Menezes”. Para atender o aprofundamento do tema, o estudo buscou identificar e analisar as ações da gestão escolar na escola de adultos, Colégio Estadual Deputado Herculano Menezes. A trajetória metodológica foi fundamentada na pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa para adentrar no campo de estudo e identificar a multiplicidade e a subjetividade da realidade e das relações. Foram utilizadas como técnicas de coleta de dados: a observação, o questionário e a entrevista semiestruturada, com o objetivo de interpretar e concluir os dados obtidos. Estes dados foram coletados a partir das entrevistas realizadas com os alunos e a equipe gestora que trabalhou na instituição, e que confirmam a constatação de outros pesquisadores: a escola necessita educar para a prevenção, utilizando-se de ações pedagógicas que permeiem a abordagem educativa nesta temática. A presente pesquisa tem como enfoque, de maneira investigativa, mostrar as ações da gestão escolar diante da implantação de um projeto de prevenção do uso de drogas. Para tanto, busca-se fundamentar, através de revisão bibliográfica, com as contribuições das BNCC dos autores Paulo Freire, Miguel Arroio, José Carlos Libâneo e Moacyr Gadotti, paralelamente alinhado a uma pesquisa de campo a se realizar na unidade escolar mencionada, que atua na Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA).
Cultura organizacional: um estudo comparativo entre duas universidades federais
Authors: Carneiro Jailson Santana , Pellizzoni Lívia Nogueira , Leal Janayna Souto , Dantas Bruna Lourena de Lima , Luz André de Paula Rêgo Graciano
Published: September 2020

Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar de forma comparativa, a partir dos estudos de Hofstede (1980, 1991) as dimensões culturais entre duas universidades federais do Nordeste brasileiro a fim de identificar possíveis semelhanças e divergências, levando em consideração o tempo de existência delas. Para isso, utilizou-se como referência a escala desenvolvida por Coleta e Coleta (2005) que contem quatro dimensões (Distância do Poder, Coletivismo versus Individualismo, Feminilidade versus Masculinidade e Controle da Incerteza) numa abordagem quantitativa por meio de análises estatísticas. A pesquisa foi de natureza descritiva cuja população foi constituída por técnicos administrativos da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) e da Universidade Federal do Cariri (UFCA) com amostragem por conveniência dos pesquisadores. Os resultados sugerem as dimensões investigadas são ligeiramente maiores na UFPB, com exceção do individualismo que teve nível mais elevado na UFCA. Embora as universidades sejam geridas pelo governo o presente estudo apontou que instituições mais antigas apresentam cultura organizacional diferentes das universidades mais recentes, ainda que de maneira branda.
Mechanism for Ensuring Children’s Rights in Ukraine: Problems of Subject Composition
Authors: Kulyk TetianaKulyk , Zyma N.
Published: September 2020

The purpose of the scientific article is a comprehensive analysis of the nature and subjective composition of the mechanism for ensuring the rights of children in Ukraine. Тo achieve it, the following tasks are formulated: first, on the basis of doctrinal sources to reveal the approaches of modern scientists to the nature and essence of the mechanism of ensuring children’s rights; secondly, based on the existing legal sources of Ukraine in this area to analyze the structure of the mechanism for ensuring the rights of children; thirdly, to classify the subjects of the mentioned mechanism, to consider the principles of their legal status and functional-competence characteristics; fourth, to highlight the features of general and special subjects of children’s rights, based on existing law enforcement practices. Scientific novelty. The mechanism for ensuring the rights of children in Ukraine have undergone a long period of formation, has undergone some reforms marked by the implementation of international legal standards, modernization of the subject structure, which includes two main groups – public and private, designed to regulate, implement, protect and safeguard children’s rights, and in case of their violation – proper and timely recovery. Conclusions. The mechanism for ensuring the rights of children in Ukraine are a complex entity. The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, the President of Ukraine, through the Plenipotentiary of the President of Ukraine for Children’s Rights, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the Ministry of Social Policy, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the National Police of Ukraine, their structural subdivisions and territorial bodies, local state administrations and bodies are called upon to exercise a number of powers local government, through children’s services. These are known to be public law entities. In turn, the subjects of private law involved in ensuring the rights of children and the protection of children are labor collectives, charities and other public organizations, individuals. At the same time, there are a number of problematic issues that lie in the plane of its functioning of this mechanism and need to be addressed in the interests of children
Catalytic Pyrolysis of Waste Plastics into Liquid Hydrocarbon using Mesoporous Kaolin Clay
Authors: Rahman Mahmudur , Roy Subrata Chandra , Hassan Md Mizanul , Mondal Bijoy Kumar , Faruk Muhammad Omar , Rahman Md Arifur , Zahiduzzaman Muhammad , Sharmin Ayesha , Hosen Md Juwel , Afroze Mirola , Khan Mala , Nasreen Zinia , Matin Md Abdul
Published: September 2020

Catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics into liquid hydrocarbon was conducted in a locally-made stainless steel reactor. Mesoporous kaolin clay treated with sulfuric acid in the concentration range of 3-7 M was used as a catalyst and waste polyethylene was the plastic feed. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern showed that the raw kaolin clay is crystalline. However, XRPD patterns of H2SO4 acid treated kaolin and Ni and Ru metal impregnated H2SO4 treated kaolin did not exhibit any characteristic diffraction peaks of kaolin. The acid treatment of kaolin causes leaching of Al3+ and results in disintegration of layered structure of kaolin, leading to the formation of Al2(SO4)3, SiO2, and amorphous phase. After 5 M H2SO4 acid treatment, the content of Al2O3 decreased significantly to 18.62%. The Si/Al ratio and specific surface area were found to increase after 5 M sulfuric acid treatment from 1.79 to 3.48 and 6.85 m2/g to 17.92 m2/g, respectively. The nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms of the 5 M H2SO4 acid treated kaolin clay showed the isotherm to be of type IV typical for mesoporous structure. Among 3, 5, and 7 M H2SO4 treated kaolin catalysts, the 3 M H2SO4 treated kaolin (at a catalyst to plastic feed ratio of 1:5) exhibited the highest activity with the yield of 83% liquid hydrocarbon. The Ru- and Ni-impregnated 5 M H2SO4 treated kaolin catalyst provided 76% and 79% yield, respectively of liquid hydrocarbon at a catalyst to plastic ratio of 1:5. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), 1H NMR, and FTIR spectral analysis confirmed the presence of linear and branched alkanes and alkenes (C9-C20) in the end product obtained with 5 M H2SO4 treated kaolin catalyst. The produced liquid hydrocarbon was found to be free from aromatic compounds importantly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which are potent mutagenic and carcinogenic.

Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 44, No. 1, 1-12, 2020
Phytochemicals and In-Vitro Antioxidant Activities of Aloe Vera Gel
Authors: Uddin Md Nazim , Roy Subrata Chandra , Mamun Abdulla All , Mitra Kanika , Haque Md Zahurul , Hossain Mohammad Lokman
Published: September 2020

The phytochemicals (total phenolic, tannin, flavonoid, alkaloid, and saponin) contents in the Aloe vera gel derived from the leaf of Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. (Synonym Aloe barbadensismiller) were extracted and their antioxidant capacity was studied by Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), by free radical-scavenging capability using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). Three different solvents with three different polarities CH3OH, CH3OH: HCl, CH3CH3OH: H2O were used at v/v ratio of 100, 98:2, 70:30, respectively. The acidified methanol solvent extracted the highest amounts of phytochemicals including total phenolic (4.64 mg gallic acid equivalent/g), tannin (3.84 mg tannic acid equivalent/g), alkaloid (662 mg piperine equivalent/g), and saponin (353 mg diosgenin equivalents/g) compared to the other two solvents. Similarly, in the extract with acidified methanol solvent, high level of total antioxidant activity (about 12 mg gallic acid equivalent/g) and scavenging effects expressed as 50% inhibition concentrations (IC50) for DPPH and ABTS assay were determined to be about 61 μg/mL and 371 μg/mL, respectively, which are higher than those with the other two solvents. The gel extract could be used as a potent antioxidant in medicine and food industries.

Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 44, No. 1, 33-41, 2020
ISOLASI DNA TANAMAN JERUK DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE CTAB (CETYL TRIMETHYL AMMONIUM BROMIDE)
Authors: Triani Nova
Published: September 2020

Tanaman jeruk termasuk tanaman buah terpenting di dunia. Buah jeruk menjadi peringkat pertama dalam pasar buah internasional. Indonesia termasuk negara pengimpor jeruk terbesar kedua di ASEAN. Jeruk merupakan salah satu komoditas hortikultura yang berfungsi sebagai sumber gizi, sumber pendapatan, dan sumber devisa negara. Kompetisi global peningkatan penjualan jeruk dan ketahanan industri jeruk bergantung pada ketersediaan kultivar yang baik secara genetik. Pemuliaan tanaman jeruk dapat dilakukan dengan cara persilangan dan teknik hibridisasi somatik. Identifikasi tanaman hasil pemuliaan tanaman jeruk dapat dilakukan berdasarkan karakter morfologi, anatomi, sitogenetika dan molekuler. Analisis secara molekuler lebih akurat karena dilakukan pada level DNA. Hal pertama yang dilakukan untuk identifikasi tanaman jeruk secara molekuler ialah isolasi DNA. Isolasi DNA tanaman jeruk dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode CTAB (Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide). Setelah DNA diperoleh, maka DNA diuji secara kuantitas dan kualitas untuk mengetahui tingkat konsentrasi dan kemurnian. Metode CTAB dapat digunakan untuk mengisolasi DNA tanaman jeruk.
QUO VADIS PENGEMBANGAN REKAYASA PERANGKAT LUNAK
Authors: Amrozi Yusuf , Wardani Syafrina Dyah Kusuma , Ramadhan Rikza
Published: September 2020

Fenomena yang terjadi saat ini merintisnya perangkat mobile khusunya smartphone dikalangan masyarakat, sebab banyaknya pengguna yang mengakses internet lewat smartphone, sehingga terjadi pengembangan aplikasi mobile berbasis smartphone. Saat ini juga maraknya virus covid-19, banyak pengembangan perangkat lunak untuk melawan covid-19. Pengembangan perangkat lunak terdapat empat tahapan dengan prosedur SDLC: planning, analysis, design, and implementation. Untuk mengembangkan perangkat lunak, ada beberapa metode: Siklus Klasik (Model Air Terjun), Prototyping, Model Spiral, 4th Generation Technique, Gabungan beberapa Metode. Teknik pengembangan perangkat lunak mobile terbentuk dari: mobile application development lifecycle model (MADLC) dan mobile development (Mobile-D), wireless development. Tak hanya itu sebagian teknologi dapat menjanjikan dunia perangkat lunak ialah kecerdasan buatan, Internet of Things (IoT), realitas virtual, dan augmented reality. Diharapkan kita jadi tau tren dari pengembangan perangkat lunak beserta metode yang digunakan dalam pengembangan perangkat lunak.
Upgraded Experimental Apparatus for the Detection and Investigation of Multiply Charged Ions of a Laser Plasma
Authors: Matnazarov A. , Davletov I. , Japakov A.
Published: September 2020

The article analyses about the usage of a modernized experimental setup for studying the interaction of laser radiation with solids at different angles of incidence. To register and investigation the spectrum of the nuclei in the elements under study, a solid-state neodymium laser operating was used in a mono-pulse mode.
COVID-19: Neurological Considerations in Neonates and Children
Authors: Stafstrom Carl E. , Jantzie Lauren L.
Published: September 2020

The ongoing worldwide pandemic of the novel human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and the ensuing disease, COVID-19, has presented enormous and unprecedented challenges for all medical specialists. However, to date, children, especially neonates, have been relatively spared from the devastating consequences of this infection. Neurologic involvement is being increasingly recognized among adults with COVID-19, who can develop sensory deficits in smell and taste, delirium, encephalopathy, headaches, strokes, and peripheral nervous system disorders. Among neonates and children, COVID-19-associated neurological manifestations have been relatively rare, yet reports involving neurologic dysfunction in this age range are increasing. As discussed in this review, pediatric neurologists and other pediatric specialists should be alert to potential neurological involvement by this virus, which might have neuroinvasive capability and carry long-term neuropsychiatric and medical consequences.
Ablation-Dominated Arcs in CO2 Atmosphere—Part I: Temperature Determination near Current Zero
Authors: Methling Ralf , Khakpour Alireza , Götte Nicolas , Uhrlandt Dirk
Published: September 2020

Wall-stabilized arcs dominated by nozzle–ablation are key elements of self-blast circuit breakers. In the present study, high-current arcs were investigated using a model circuit breaker (MCB) in CO2 as a gas alternative to SF6 (gas sulfur hexafluoride) and in addition a long polytetrafluoroethylene nozzle under ambient conditions for stronger ablation. The assets of different methods for optical investigation were demonstrated, e.g., high-speed imaging with channel filters and optical emission spectroscopy. Particularly the phase near current zero (CZ) crossing was studied in two steps. In the first step using high-speed cameras, radial temperature profiles have been determined until 0.4 ms before CZ in the nozzle. Broad temperature profiles with a maximum of 9400 K have been obtained from analysis of fluorine lines. In the second step, the spectroscopic sensitivity was increased using an intensified CCD camera, allowing single-shot measurements until few microseconds before CZ in the MCB. Ionic carbon and atomic oxygen emission were analyzed using absolute intensities and normal maximum. The arc was constricted and the maximum temperature decreased from >18,000 K at 0.3 ms to about 11,000 K at 0.010 ms before CZ. The arc plasma needs about 0.5–1.0 ms after both the ignition phase and the current zero crossing to be completely dominated by the ablated wall material.
New Clearing Model to Mitigate the Non-Convexity in European Day-ahead Electricity Market
Authors: Hong Lam Le , Ilea Valentin , Bovo Cristian
Published: September 2020

Nowadays, the payment scheme of European Day-Ahead Market is based on the market clearing price by running the Pan-European Hybrid Electricity Market Integration Algorithm. However, this conventional payment scheme is challenging because of the non-convexity and the short computation time requirement. Thus, the aim of this work is to propose a new clearing model in order to mitigate this challenge. The model is based on make-whole payment mechanism and it includes two major steps: (i) maximizing social welfare and (ii) achieving a Walrasian equilibrium by the “minimum-uplift approach”. The proposed model is validated and investigated by two case studies: one is an artificially created Day-Ahead Market session containing all type of bids encountered in Europe and containing a very large number of bids to stress the algorithm and the other is a reduced, but realistic, model of European market where real data from February to December of 2017 were considered. The tests show a consistent improvement of the numerical performances of the proposed model with respect to the conventional one while the economic performance is not altered, but is slightly improved. Moreover, because the tests are based on real data during a long period of time, the results show that proposed model is very promising for the real application.
Reliability and Network Performance Enhancement by Reconfiguring Underground Distribution Systems
Authors: Agrawal Praveen , Kanwar Neeraj , Gupta Nikhil , Niazi Khaleequr Rehman , Swarnkar Anil , Meena Nand K. , Yang Jin
Published: September 2020

Contemporary distributions are now going to underground their overhead distribution lines due to techno-social reasons. Reliability and loss reduction are the two prime objectives for distribution system operation. Since failure rates of ungrounded cables are the function of Joules heating besides their physical lengths, the reliability evaluation of undergrounded distribution systems needs to be reviewed. This paper suggested a suitable modification in existing reliability indices in order to make them more appropriate for underground distribution systems. A multi-objective network reconfiguration problem is formulated to enhance the reliability and performance of distribution systems while duly addressing the variability and uncertainty in load demand and power generation from renewables. The application results on a standard test bench shift the paradigm of the well-known conflicting nature of reliability and network performance indices defined for overhead distribution systems.
Physical Activity and Cognitive Aspects of Self-Regulation in Preschool-Aged Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wood Aaron P. , Nocera Vincenzo G. , Kybartas Tyler J. , Coe Dawn P.
Published: September 2020

Previous research showed a positive relationship between physical activity and self-regulation in older children and adolescents, but few publications focused on young children. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to examine the impact of physical activity (PA) on the cognitive aspects of self-regulation (inhibition, attention, and working memory, in preschool-aged (3–6 years old) children. The following databases were searched for articles: PubMed, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, and ERIC. References of the reviewed papers were screened for the identification of additional articles to be included in the review. Randomized control trials were reviewed to assess the impact of PA interventions on the cognitive aspects of self-regulation. There were six articles included in this review. Each study assessed at least one cognitive aspect of self-regulation [attention (n = 4), working memory (n = 2), and inhibition (n = 5)]. Attention was the only aspect that consistently showed improvement as a result of the PA interventions (4 of 4 studies). Only one study showed a positive impact on working memory and 60% of studies (3 of 5 studies) reported a positive relationship between PA and inhibition. Overall, the findings from this review showed that a consistent relationship only existed between attention and PA. No clear relationships were evident between working memory and inhibition and PA.
Cardiovascular Risk in Children: Focus on Pathophysiological Aspects
Authors: Genovesi Simonetta , Parati Gianfranco
Published: September 2020

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death, disability, and health care costs in industrialized countries. In general, cardiovascular diseases occur in adulthood, but cardiovascular damage, including stiffening of the arteries, begins very early. Already in the first decade of life, alterations that will favor the formation of atherosclerotic plaques may be present. Cardiovascular risk factors, associated with genetic predisposition, may trigger a sequence of pathophysiological changes which are associated with the progression of the atherosclerosis process. In this frame, the role of obesity has been increasingly emphasized. Different mechanisms linking obesity to cardiovascular disease have been postulated. Endothelial dysfunction and subclinical inflammation seem to be related to the worsening of cardiovascular risk factors in obese subjects and might have an essential role in the development of insulin resistance and the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Excess weight, and in particular visceral adiposity, are associated with hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the adipocytes, increased secretion of adipokines and inflammatory cytokines and increase in serum uric acid levels. The list of obesity-related biomarkers associated with cardiovascular damage is rapidly expanding and their importance has already been described in children as well. Pathophysiological changes involved in determining early cardiovascular damage starting from childhood are discussed in this Special Issue.
State of the Art Review on Genetics and Precision Medicine in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Patel Viraj , Asatryan Babken , Siripanthong Bhurint , Munroe Patricia B. , Tiku-Owens Anjali , Lopes Luis R. , Khanji Mohammed Y. , Protonotarios Alexandros , Santangeli Pasquale , Muser Daniele , Marchlinski Francis E. , Brady Peter A. , Chahal C. Anwar A.
Published: September 2020

Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an inherited cardiomyopathy characterised by ventricular arrhythmia and an increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Numerous genetic determinants and phenotypic manifestations have been discovered in ACM, posing a significant clinical challenge. Further to this, wider evaluation of family members has revealed incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity in ACM, suggesting a complex genotype-phenotype relationship. This review details the genetic basis of ACM with specific genotype-phenotype associations, providing the reader with a nuanced perspective of this condition; whilst also proposing a future roadmap to delivering precision medicine-based management in ACM.
Urinary Exosomes of Patients with Cystic Fibrosis Unravel CFTR-Related Renal Disease
Authors: Gauthier Sebastien , Pranke Iwona , Jung Vincent , Martignetti Loredana , Stoven Véronique , Nguyen-Khoa Thao , Semeraro Michaela , Hinzpeter Alexandre , Edelman Aleksander , Guerrera Ida Chiara , Sermet-Gaudelus Isabelle
Published: September 2020

Background: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease is increased in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The study of urinary exosomal proteins might provide insight into the pathophysiology of CF kidney disease. Methods: Urine samples were collected from 19 CF patients (among those 7 were treated by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators), and 8 healthy subjects. Urine exosomal protein content was determined by high resolution mass spectrometry. Results: A heatmap of the differentially expressed proteins in urinary exosomes showed a clear separation between control and CF patients. Seventeen proteins were upregulated in CF patients (including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR); proteasome subunit beta type-6, transglutaminases, caspase 14) and 118 were downregulated (including glutathione S-transferases, superoxide dismutase, klotho, endosomal sorting complex required for transport, and matrisome proteins). Gene set enrichment analysis revealed 20 gene sets upregulated and 74 downregulated. Treatment with CFTR modulators yielded no significant modification of the proteomic content. These results highlight that CF kidney cells adapt to the CFTR defect by upregulating proteasome activity and that autophagy and endosomal targeting are impaired. Increased expression of EGFR and decreased expression of klotho and matrisome might play a central role in this CF kidney signature by inducing oxidation, inflammation, accelerated senescence, and abnormal tissue repair. Conclusions: Our study unravels novel insights into consequences of CFTR dysfunction in the urinary tract, some of which may have clinical and therapeutic implications.
Heterogeneity and Actin Cytoskeleton in Osteoclast and Macrophage Multinucleation
Authors: Takito Jiro , Nakamura Masanori
Published: September 2020

Osteoclast signatures are determined by two transcriptional programs, the lineage-determining transcription pathway and the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-dependent differentiation pathways. During differentiation, mononuclear precursors become multinucleated by cell fusion. Recently, live-cell imaging has revealed a high level of heterogeneity in osteoclast multinucleation. This heterogeneity includes the difference in the differentiation states and the mobility of the fusion precursors, as well as the mode of fusion among the fusion precursors with different numbers of nuclei. In particular, fusion partners often form morphologically distinct actin-based linkages that allow two cells to exchange lipids and proteins before membrane fusion. However, the origin of this heterogeneity remains elusive. On the other hand, osteoclast multinucleation is sensitive to the environmental cues. Such cues promote the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, especially the formation and transformation of the podosome, an actin-rich punctate adhesion. This review covers the heterogeneity of osteoclast multinucleation at the pre-fusion stage with reference to the environment-dependent signaling pathway responsible for reorganizing the actin cytoskeleton. Furthermore, we compare osteoclast multinucleation with macrophage fusion, which results in multinucleated giant macrophages.
Real-Time Road Hazard Information System
Authors: Pena-Caballero Carlos , Kim Dongchul , Gonzalez Adolfo , Castellanos Osvaldo , Cantu Angel , Ho Jungseok
Published: September 2020

Infrastructure is a significant factor in economic growth for systems of government. In order to increase economic productivity, maintaining infrastructure quality is essential. One of the elements of infrastructure is roads. Roads are means which help local and national economies be more productive. Furthermore, road damage such as potholes, debris, or cracks is the cause of many on-road accidents that have cost the lives of many drivers. In this paper, we propose a system that uses Convolutional Neural Networks to detect road degradations without data pre-processing. We utilize the state-of-the-art object detection algorithm, YOLO detector for the system. First, we developed a basic system working on data collecting, pre-processing, and classification. Secondly, we improved the classification performance achieving 97.98% in the overall model testing, and then we utilized pixel-level classification and detection with a method called semantic segmentation. We were able to achieve decent results using this method to detect and classify four different classes (Manhole, Pothole, Blurred Crosswalk, Blurred Street Line). We trained a segmentation model that recognizes the four classes mentioned above and achieved great results with this model allowing the machine to effectively and correctly identify and classify our four classes in an image. Although we obtained excellent accuracy from the detectors, these do not perform particularly well on embedded systems due to their network size. Therefore, we opted for a smaller, less accurate detector that will run in real time on a cheap embedded system, like the Google Coral Dev Board, without needing a powerful and expensive GPU.
Identification and Morphogenesis of Vestibular Atrial Septal Defects
Authors: Loomba Rohit S. , Tretter Justin T. , Mohun Timothy J. , Anderson Robert H. , Kramer Scott , Spicer Diane E.
Published: September 2020

Background: The vestibular atrial septal defect is an interatrial communication located in the antero-inferior portion of the atrial septum. Reflecting either inadequate muscularization of the vestibular spine and mesenchymal cap during development, or excessive apoptosis within the developing antero-inferior septal component, the vestibular defect represents an infrequently recognized true deficiency of the atrial septum. We reviewed necropsy specimens from three separate archives to establish the frequency of such vestibular defects and their associated cardiac findings, providing additional analysis from developing mouse hearts to illustrate their potential morphogenesis. Materials and methods: We analyzed the hearts in the Farouk S. Idriss Cardiac Registry at Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital in Chicago, IL, the Van Mierop Archive at the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, and the archive at Johns Hopkins All Children’s Heart Institute in St. Petersburg, Florida, identifying all those exhibiting a vestibular atrial septal defect, along with the associated intracardiac malformations. We then assessed potential mechanisms for the existence of such defects, based on the assessment of 450 datasets of developing mouse hearts prepared using the technique of episcopic microscopy. Results: We analyzed a total of 2100 specimens. Of these, 68 (3%) were found to have a vestibular atrial septal defect. Comparable defects were identified in 10 developing mouse embryos sacrificed at embryonic data 15.5, by which stage the antero-inferior component of the atrial septum is usually normally formed. Conclusion: The vestibular defect is a true septal defect located in the muscular antero-inferior rim of the oval fossa. Our retrospective review of autopsied hearts suggests that the defect may be more common than previously thought. Increased awareness of the location of the defect should optimize its future clinical identification. We suggest that the defect exists because of failure, during embryonic development, of union of the components that bind the leading edge of the primary atrial septum to the atrioventricular junctions, either because of inadequate muscularisation or excessive apoptosis.
Effect of Residual Stresses on the Elastoplastic Behavior of Welded Steel Plates
Authors: Gordo José Manuel
Published: September 2020

A robust methodology to simulate virtually the residual stresses pattern in welded steel plates is presented. The methodology is applied to the structural analysis of typical welded plates belonging to ship structures, and the effect of residual stresses on the elastoplastic behavior of plates loaded axially is analyzed in comparison to the residual stress free case, both for tension and compression and including initial imperfections. Residual stresses affect in different manner plates with different geometries; thus a parametric study is performed covering the usual range of variation of the most important plate parameters that control the strength of the plates, more precisely the slenderness and the aspect ratio. The results from finite elements analysis are compared with codes and most established formulations and recommendations of applicability in the prediction of load-shortening curves for hull’s bending strength evaluation, ultimate strength and ultimate strain of plate elements are made.
Measuring Arithmetic Word Problem Complexity through Reading Comprehension and Learning Analytics
Authors: Sanz Maria T. , López-Iñesta Emilia , Garcia-Costa Daniel , Grimaldo Francisco
Published: September 2020

Numerous studies have addressed the relationship between performance in mathematics problem-solving and reading comprehension in students of all educational levels. This work presents a new proposal to measure the complexity of arithmetic word problems through the student reading comprehension of the problem statement and the use of learning analytics. The procedure to quantify this reading comprehension comprises two phases: (a) the division of the statement into propositions and (b) the computation of the time dedicated to read each proposition through a technological environment that records the interactions of the students while solving the problem. We validated our approach by selecting a collection of problems containing mathematical concepts related to fractions and their different meanings, such as fractional numbers over a natural number, basic mathematical operations with a natural whole or fractional whole and the fraction as an operator. The main results indicate that a student’s reading time is an excellent proxy to determine the complexity of both propositions and the complete statement. Finally, we used this time to build a logistic regression model that predicts the success of students in solving arithmetic word problems.
Editorial for Special Issue “Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens”
Authors: Koulenti Despoina , Fragkou Paraskevi C. , Tsiodras Sotirios
Published: September 2020

The era of injudicious use of antibiotics in both humans and animals has led to the selection of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, which in turn has left the medical community with limited therapeutic options [...]
A Decision-Making Model for Adopting Al-Generated News Articles: Preliminary Results
Authors: Kim Soyoung , Kim Boyoung
Published: September 2020

This study was conducted to present a consumer acceptance model for artificial intelligence (AI)-generated news articles in review of the most significant factors in the context of accepting AI-generated news articles. To this end, a survey was conducted regarding five key factors among individuals handling news production at media organizations who were familiar with AI-related news: benefits of technology utilization, recognized values, media reliability, content quality, and information perception. These factors were classified into 19 specific evaluation items in order to determine relative importance. According to the results of pairwise comparison analysis among elements through the analytic hierarchy process, hereunder referred to as AHP (analytic hierarchy process), it turned out that the importance of media reliability and content levels was relatively high, while the importance of recognized values and information perception was relatively low. It also turned out that among 19 specific items, the importance of institutional reliability, which was a subordinate item under media reliability, was of utmost value. Even if news articles were based on AI technology, their readers were more likely to be affected by reliability, which is a major attribute of journalism, than technical factors.
Milk productivity of cows and milk quality when using haylage prepared with preservatives Biosib and Silostan
Authors: Fayzullin I. , Islamov R. , Kostomakhin N.
Published: September 2020

Promising in feed production is the preparation of haylage with subsequent storage of herbage together with preservatives. The modern market off ers various chemical preservatives in the form of organic acids: propionic, formic, benzoic and their salts. Some disadvantages of preservatives of this group (volatility, toxicity, venom, ability to cause respiratory burns, corrosion, etc.) require to organize a search for new ones based on bacteria and enzymes. The purpose of the work was to increase the level of milk productivity of cows and quality of milk by using the preservatives Biosib and Silostan in the preparation of haylage. Scientifi c and economic experiment has been carried out in LLC “Agrofi rma Bairamgul” in the Uchalinsky area in the Republic of Bashkortostan. For the research, 36 Holstein cows have been selected, from which 3 groups of animals have been formed based on the principle of analogues per 12 heads in each. The input in the ration of lactating cows of grain and legume haylage prepared using the technology with the use of preservatives Biosib and Silostan contributes to the increase in milk productivity. The best eff ect has been demonstrated when using the drug Silostan (the 2nd experimental group), which can be explained by the diverse biological composition of microbes, as well as amino acid complexes, enzymes, vitamins and trace elements. The increase in milk productivity of cows of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups allows to reduce the prime cost of production, respectively according to groups, by 38,7 rubles or 3,31 % and 51,1 rubles or 4,43 %; to increase revenue from the sale of milk by 3186,5 rubles or 4,32 % and 3664,0 rubles or 7,24 %; net profi t by 1791,9 rubles or 17,97 % and 2570,6 rubles or 25,78 % and the level of profi tability by 4,14 and 5,52 % compared to the control group.
HÁ UMA FELICIDADE PARA OS TEMPOS DIFÍCEIS(?)
Authors: Paixão Alexandro Henrique
Published: September 2020

Este artigo compreende que sobreviver implica incrementar e desenvolver nossa capacidade de envolvimento pessoal e com o outro, algo que pode nos deixar mais felizes e dispostos para enfrentar as adversidades e os perigos de uma pandemia. Nesse sentido, será debatido como tema central a necessidade de intimidade, que se desdobra analiticamente em dois pontos principais: primeiro, discute-se a ânsia em poetizar o mundo devastado por uma doença geradora de sofrimento psíquico e social; segundo, coloca-se em perspectiva a ideia de que em nossa época moderna o imperativo era sair à rua, enquanto a ordem nos dias atuais é ficar em casa, algo que tem intensificado demasiadamente nossa vida mental, carecendo esse assunto de reflexão à luz da sociologia e da psicanálise, aqui mobilizadas para se pensar pandemia e sobrevivência.
GÊNERO, TEMPOS DE TRABALHO E PANDEMIA: POR UMA POLÍTICA CIENTÍFICA FEMINISTA
Authors: Castro Bárbara , Chaguri Mariana Miggiolaro
Published: September 2020

A adoção de medidas de isolamento social em diferentes partes do mundo como estratégia para o enfrentamento da pandemia do Covid-19 ampliou os debates sobre a sobrecarga de trabalho de mulheres. Dialogando com tais questões, este artigo debate a reorganização do trabalho nas universidades e centros de pesquisa durante o isolamento social, focalizando as assimetrias e as desigualdades de gênero induzidas ou evidenciadas pelo trabalho remoto. Argumentando sobre a necessidade de um tempo próprio para o trabalho intelectual de mulheres, o artigo sugere a adoção de uma política científica feminista.
PANDEMIA & SOBREVIVÊNCIA – LEITURAS PARA TEMPOS DIFÍCEIS
Authors: Archangelo Ana , Paixão Alexandro Henrique
Published: September 2020

PANDEMIA & SOBREVIVÊNCIA – LEITURAS PARA TEMPOS DIFÍCEIS
Estimating of Birth Weight Using Placental Characteristics in The Presence of Multicollinearity
Authors: TIRINK Cem
Published: September 2020

In this study, it was aimed to compare the performance of proposed estimators in the presence of multicollinearity that will be used in regression analysis as an alternative to Least Squares. Birth weight was estimated by using placental features such as sex, placental efficiency, total cotyledon numbers, large cotyledon weight, medium cotyledon weight, small cotyledon weight, large cotyledon number, medium cotyledon number, small cotyledon number, large cotyledon width, medium cotyledon width, small cotyledon width, large cotyledon length, medium cotyledon length, small cotyledon length, large cotyledon depth, medium cotyledon depth, small cotyledon depth for Bafra sheep breed. In the presence of multicollinearity, more reliable models can be obtained by using some estimator. The performances of the Ridge and Liu estimators, which are suggested methods for this situation, were compared. MSE, RMSE, rRMSE, MAPE, R2, and AIC were used as model comparison criteria. As a result of, in the presence of multicollinearity; Liu estimator is recommended as an alternative method to Least Squares.
Length based growth estimation of sea cucumbers (Holothuria verrucosa and Holothuria pardalis) (Holothuroidea:Echinodermata) collected from coastal areas of Karachi, Pakistan (northern Arabian sea)
Authors: AHMED Quratulan , BİLGİN Sabri , ALI Qadeer Mohammad
Published: September 2020

To estimate the growth parameters, the non-seasonal von Bertalanffy and Hoenig seasonal von Bertalanffy models were fitted to the length frequency data of Holothuria pardalis and H. verucosa obtained from coastal areas of Karachi during January and December 2018. The Hoenig seasonal von Bertalanffy growth parameters were estimated as L∞ = 18.0 cm total length (TL), K = 1. 00 year-1 for H. pardalis and as L∞ = 18.0 cm TL, K = 0.86 year-1 for H. verrucosa. H. verrucosa individuals reached 68.9% of their maximum total length at the one year old class. For H. pardalis it was calculated as 54.2%. The seasonal oscillation in growth rate for H. pardalis (C = 0.90) was larger than it was for H. verrucosa (C = 0.18). The slowest period of growth corresponded to June in H. verrucosa and February in H. pardalis may be the result of the extended both reproduction and poor nutrition periods due to high rainfall regime. The relatively high growth rate (K) of these species may have important implications for their survival, mainly in environments where conditions cause biological stress and oceanic disturbances but may also increase its potential as a candidate for aquaculture.