bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surviving a Boundaryless Creative Career
Authors: Mainemelis Charalampos , Nolas Sevasti-Melissa , Tsirogianni Stavroula
Published: November 2015

Previous research has examined how mobility and career competencies influence success in boundaryless careers. In this study, we flip the direction of those relationships and we explore how the interplay between success and failure relates to subsequent mobility, career competencies, and career evolution through the life span. Using a biographical design, we conceptualize success and failure as critical moments that influence the unfolding of the boundaryless careers of Oscar-nominated film directors. While the dominant metaphors of boundaryless careers are those of “paths,” “ladders,” “trajectories,” and “plateaus,” our findings suggest a new metaphor: the roller coaster.
The Corporation 10 Years On
Authors: Bell Emma
Published: November 2015

More than 10 years ago, the Canadian documentary film The Corporation, written by University of British Columbia professor of law Joel Bakan, significantly challenged the way we think about the modern corporation by unraveling its legal status as a person pathologically committed to the pursuit of power and profit. The film won 26 international awards and Bakan’s book also became a widely translated bestseller. In this interview and Q&A session, Bakan talks about his motivations in making the movie and writing the book, the response they generated, and the changing nature of the modern corporation. His commentary provides insight into the relationship between documentary filmmaking and scholarship and enables understanding of the use of film as a resource with the potential to generate social change by bringing insights from research to a wider audience. The interview also explores connections between scholars of law and management in critically analyzing corporations.
FGF23-Associated Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia in a Patient With Small Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Sauder Adrienne , Wiernek Szymon , Dai Xumin , Pereira Renata , Yudd Michael , Patel Charvi , Golden Andrew , Ahmed Shahida , Choe Jin , Chang Victor , Sender Slawomir , Cai Donghong
Published: November 2015

Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is typically caused by phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor (PMT) that secretes the phosphaturic hormone, fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23), resulting in decreased phosphate reabsorption in kidneys, hypophosphatemia, and finally osteomalacia. Rare cases of malignant tumor manifesting with TIO other than PMT had been reported, although in most of these reports, except one, circulating FGF23 levels were not evaluated and tissue expressing of FGF23 was not confirmed. In this article, we report a case of TIO in a patient with pulmonary small cell carcinoma with liver metastasis. The patient manifested with hypophosphatemia. His circulating level of FGF23 was markedly increased. The expression of FGF23 in tumor cells was confirmed. Furthermore, the regulatory mechanism of FGF23 in this patient was also investigated.
Development of a Brief, Multidimensional, Self-Report Instrument for Treatment Outcomes Assessment in Psychiatric Settings: Preliminary Findings
Authors: Davison Mark L. , Bershadsky Boris , Bieber Jacque , Silversmith Dan , Maruish Mark E. , Kane Robert L.
Published: November 2015

Preliminary reliability and validity data are reported on a new, brief measure of psychiatric symptomatology. The Symptom Assessment–45 Questionnaire (SA-45) is a 45-item, patient self-report symptom inventory derived from the original Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90), using cluster analytic methods. The SA-45 consists of nine 5-item scales assessing each of the same symptom domains as its parent instrument with no item overlap across domains. The vast majority of the internal consistency reliabilities for the SA-45's nine scales were in the .70s and .80s across different age and patient status samples. As expected, both adolescent and adult patient samples generally differed significantly from nonpatient control samples, and patients at treatment follow-up differed significantly from patients at intake. Moreover, depressed patients with and without psychotic features differed significantly on three scales. A cluster analysis generally supported the nine-scale structure of the inventory, but it failed to consistently support the distinction between the Paranoid Ideation and Interpersonal Sensitivity scales. Limitations to the study are noted, but overall, the initial findings support the use of the SA-45 in clinical settings. Suggestions for needed future research are presented.
Comparison of the Halstead-Reitan and Infrared Light Beam Finger Tappers
Authors: Coleman A. Rand , Moberg Paul J. , Ragland J. Daniel , Gur Ruben C.
Published: November 2015

Computer mediated motor tests can provide highly reliable means for evaluating gross and subtle aspects of psychomotor speed and rhythmicity. A computer mediated test of finger and foot tapping, making use of infrared light beam technology, was recently developed, but little is known regarding its psychometric properties. The purpose of this study was to compare performance of healthy right-handed respondents on the new Light Beam Finger & Foot Tapping Device to a traditional finger tapping test used in the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery. Performance on the Halstead-Reitan Finger Tapping Test and on the Light Beam Finger Tapping Test was compared in 16 men and 17 women. The light beam test showed similar psychometric properties to those of the Halstead-Reitan Finger Tapping Test, and scores were moderately correlated between the two tests. Respondents had faster scores on the light beam test; on both tests men were faster than women, and all respondents tapped faster with their dominant hand. Tapping was faster on the Light Beam Finger Tapping Test, possibly because it does not require application of pressure to a mechanical key and a smaller movement registers a tap. In addition to measures of right- and left-hand tapping speed, the light beam test assesses synchronous and alternating tapping and foot tapping. Scores between these subtests showed moderate to high correlations.
Self- and Observer Ratings on the NEO-FFI in Couples: Initial Evidence of the Psychometric Properties of an Observer Form
Authors: Foltz Carol , Morse Jennifer Q. , Calvo Naomi , Barber Jacques P.
Published: November 2015

The present study investigated the psychometric properties of the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) Observer form of the five-factor model of personality by examining agreement between self- and observer ratings. Both partners of 49 young, adult couples rated themselves and their partners on the NEO-FFI. The results provide preliminary evidence of the measurement utility of the NEO-FFI Observer form. Specifically, (a) each personality scale possessed acceptable levels of internal reliability, (b) five factors consistent with the five-factor model of personality emerged in both ratings forms, and (c) there was significant self-observer agreement for all five personality scales. Self-observer agreement was assessed by correlations as well as analyses that test a more stringent definition of agreement. Overall, there is consensus across analyses that points to a substantial amount of concordance between partners' self- and observer ratings.
Construct Validity of the Wisc-III Verbal and Performance Factors for Black Special Education Students
Authors: Kush Joseph C. , Watkins Marley W.
Published: November 2015

The underlying factor structure of the revised edition of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R) was consistently found to be comparable between regular and special education students as well as across Anglo, Black, and Hispanic populations. A commensurate research base across exceptionality and ethnic group has not been established for the recently published third edition of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III), making it vital that information regarding the psychometric properties of the WISC-III among diverse groups of children be collected. This study examines the factor structure of the 10 WISC-III core subtests among a sample of Black students receiving special education services. Results provided evidence of a large, first principal factor as well as the expected Verbal and Performance factors. Implications for psychologists are presented, and recommendations for future research are provided.
Motivators of Pro-Environmental Behavior
Authors: Liao Youqing , Ho Shirley S. , Yang Xiaodong
Published: November 2015

Extending the influence of presumed media influence model, this study examined direct and indirect media influences on pro-environmental behavioral intentions. We empirically tested perceived media influence on others as a distinct and independent mediator between perceived media exposure of others and perceived social norms, using a nationally representative sample of 1,144 Singaporeans. Using structural equation modeling, influence of presumed media influence accounted for direct and indirect media effects on attitudes, social norms, and pro-environmental behavioral intentions. Perceived media influence on others was associated with behavioral intentions. Attitudes, descriptive, and subjective norms accounted further for this relationship. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.
Multi-material topology optimization of viscoelastically damped structures using a parametric level set method
Authors: van der Kolk Max , van der Veen Gijs J , de Vreugd Jan , Langelaar Matthijs
Published: November 2015

The design of high performance instruments often involves the attenuation of poorly damped resonant modes. Current design practices typically rely on informed trial and error based modifications to improve dynamic performance. In this article, a multi-material topology optimization approach is presented as a systematic methodology to develop structures with optimal damping characteristics. The proposed method applies a multi-material, parametric, level set-based topology optimization to simultaneously distribute structural and viscoelastic material to optimize damping characteristics. The viscoelastic behavior is represented by a complex-valued material modulus resulting in a complex-valued eigenvalue problem. The structural loss factor is used as objective function during the optimization and is calculated using the complex-valued eigenmodes. An adjoint sensitivity analysis is presented that provides an analytical expression for the corresponding sensitivities. Multiple numerical examples are treated to illustrate the effectiveness of the approach and the influence of different viscoelastic material models on the optimized designs is studied. The optimization routine is able to generate designs for a number of eigenmodes and to attenuate a resonant mode of an existing structure.
Novel nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control for a PMSM chaotic system with extended state observer and tracking differentiator
Authors: Chang Xuejian , Liu Ling , Ding Wen , Liang Deliang , Liu Chongxin , Wang Hanxiao , Zhao Xi
Published: November 2015

A novel nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode (NNFTSM) control strategy based on the extended state observer (ESO) and the tracking differentiator (TD) is developed for the stabilization and tracking of the uncertain perturbed permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) chaotic system. The proposed NNFTSM surface not only makes the system state rapidly converge to the equilibrium point in finite time with high steady-state precision, but also avoids the singular phenomenon. Furthermore, the ESO which does not rely on the mathematical model of the system is used for estimating uncertainties and disturbances to decrease the chattering caused by the big switching gain through compensating controller. Meanwhile, the TD is introduced to arrange the transition process for the reference input signal to realize the coordinated control between the rapidity and overshoot, and to decrease the initial impulse of the manipulative variable. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed control scheme can flexibly restrain chaos which provides good dynamic and static performances, and has strong robustness to parameter variations and external load disturbances with low chattering.
A comparison between the dynamic stability of three types of nonlinear orthotropic functionally graded plates under random lateral loads
Authors: Asnafi A , Abedi M
Published: November 2015

In this manuscript, the dynamic stability and bifurcation occurrence for three famous types of plates including orthotropic sigmoid, power-law and exponential functionally graded plates under lateral stochastic loads are studied. Due to randomness, the behavior and analysis are not conventional deterministic investigation. So, the dynamic stability zone and border curves of bifurcation are evaluated using probability density function of the response. The latter is computed from a completely exact solution of the Fokker Planck Kolmogorov equation. The three dimensional dynamic stable zone and the border surfaces of bifurcation are obtained as a function of material parameter, in-plane forces and the mean value of lateral load. To generalize the results, all the parameters are transformed to some proper non-dimensional variables and then the effects of all prescribed parameters on the dynamic stability are completely discussed and compared. The comparison is done between the plates with themselves and also the corresponding homogenous plate. Finally the results are validated by the bifurcation diagrams of non dimensional deflection of plates that are obtained directly and numerically from the governing equations of plates.
Measuring Physical Violence and Rape Against Somali Women Using the Neighborhood Method
Authors: Parcesepe Angela , Stark Lindsay , Roberts Leslie , Boothby Neil
Published: November 2015

This study was conducted to estimate prevalence of gender-based violence (GBV) among female Somalis in Ethiopian refugee camps and host communities, compare prevalence in camps and communities, and compare prevalence in flight and in camp. Systematic random sampling was used to select households in Awbare camp ( n = 85), Awbare town ( n = 76), and Kebribeyah camp ( n = 83). GBV was common and overwhelmingly domestic. Prevalence was higher in Awbare town than Kebribeyah camp. Women were at increased risk of GBV in camp compared with in flight. The domestic nature of GBV in humanitarian settings requires attention. Assumptions about violence in humanitarian settings should be further tested.
Within the Bounds
Authors: Crisafi Denise N. , Jasinski Jana L.
Published: November 2015

Our study examines the effects of abused women’s relocation and recentness to an area on informal and formal help-seeking, and how access to personal and social resources affect these relationships. Secondary data analysis was conducted using a sample of 572 women with histories of abuse and homelessness who were interviewed at shelters in the state of Florida. Findings from nested linear regressions demonstrate that relocation affects formal help-seeking while recentness to an area affects informal help-seeking. Access to personal resources also predicts women’s use of both informal and formal resources. Implications for intimate partner violence help-seeking are discussed.
Assessing the Validity of Automated Webcrawlers as Data Collection Tools to Investigate Online Child Sexual Exploitation
Authors: Westlake Bryce , Bouchard Martin , Frank Richard
Published: November 2015

The distribution of child sexual exploitation (CE) material has been aided by the growth of the Internet. The graphic nature and prevalence of the material has made researching and combating difficult. Although used to study online CE distribution, automated data collection tools (e.g., webcrawlers) have yet to be shown effective at targeting only relevant data. Using CE-related image and keyword criteria, we compare networks starting from CE websites to those from similar non-CE sexuality websites and dissimilar sports websites. Our results provide evidence that (a) webcrawlers have the potential to provide valid CE data, if the appropriate criterion is selected; (b) CE distribution is still heavily image-based suggesting images as an effective criterion; (c) CE-seeded networks are more hub-based and differ from non-CE-seeded networks on several website characteristics. Recommendations for improvements to reliable criteria selection are discussed.
Internet Activities During Leisure: A Comparison Between Adolescents With ADHD and Adolescents From the General Population
Authors: Bolic Baric Vedrana , Hellberg Kristina , Kjellberg Anette , Hemmingsson Helena
Published: November 2015

Objective: Adolescents’ leisure activities are increasingly focusing on Internet activities, and today, these coexist with traditional leisure activities such as sport and meeting friends. The purpose of the present study was to investigate leisure activities, particularly Internet activities, among boys and girls with ADHD, and compare these with boys and girls from the general population. The objective was also to explore how traditional leisure activities and Internet activities interrelate among adolescents with ADHD. Method: Adolescents with ADHD ( n = 102) were compared with adolescents from the general population on leisure activities and Internet use. Results: Leisure activities among adolescents with ADHD tended to focus on Internet activities, particularly online games. Internet activities were broadening leisure activities among adolescents with ADHD, rather than being a substitute for traditional leisure activities. Conclusion: Internet activities may provide adolescents with ADHD accessible means of social interaction.
ADHD and Psychiatric Comorbidity: Functional Outcomes in a School-Based Sample of Children
Authors: Cuffe Steven P. , Visser Susanna N. , Holbrook Joseph R. , Danielson Melissa L. , Geryk Lorie L. , Wolraich Mark L. , McKeown Robert E.
Published: November 2015

Objective: Investigate the prevalence and impact of psychiatric comorbidities in community-based samples of schoolchildren with/without ADHD. Method: Teachers and parents screened children in South Carolina (SC; n = 4,604) and Oklahoma (OK; n = 12,626) for ADHD. Parents of high-screen and selected low-screen children received diagnostic interviews (SC: n = 479; OK: n = 577). Results: Psychiatric disorders were increased among children with ADHD and were associated with low academic performance. Conduct disorder/oppositional defiant disorder (CD/ODD) were associated with grade retention (ODD/CD + ADHD: odds ratio [OR] = 3.0; confidence interval [CI] = [1.5, 5.9]; ODD/CD without ADHD: OR = 4.0; CI = [1.7, 9.7]). School discipline/police involvement was associated with ADHD alone (OR = 3.2; CI = [1.5, 6.8]), ADHD + CD/ODD (OR = 14.1, CI = [7.3, 27.1]), ADHD + anxiety/depression (OR = 4.8, CI = [1.6, 14.8]), and CD/ODD alone (OR = 2.8, CI = [1.2, 6.4]). Children with ADHD + anxiety/depression had tenfold risk for poor academic performance (OR = 10.8; CI = [2.4, 49.1]) compared to children with ADHD alone. This should be interpreted with caution due to the wide confidence interval. Conclusion: Most children with ADHD have psychiatric comorbidities, which worsens functional outcomes. The pattern of outcomes varies by type of comorbidity.
Age differences in body image responses to idealized male figures in music television
Authors: Mulgrew Kate E , Cragg Dinusha NC
Published: November 2015

Little is known about how middle-aged and older men are affected by idealized depictions of male singers in music television. A total of 116 males completed pre- and post-test measures of body satisfaction, mood, and social comparison and viewed 5 minutes of clips containing scenery, muscular- or average-looking singers. Negative effects were restricted to young men who viewed the muscular clips. The younger men also reported more comparison while viewing the muscular and average-looking singers compared to the middle-aged and older men. These findings suggest that younger (but not middle-aged or older) men are particularly susceptible to idealized depictions of the male appearance.
Validation of the Danish language Injustice Experience Questionnaire
Authors: la Cour Peter , Smith Anne Agerskov , Schultz Rikke
Published: November 2015

The Injustice Experience Questionnaire has shown promising ability to predict problematic rehabilitation in pain conditions, especially concerning work status. A Danish language version of the Injustice Experience Questionnaire was developed and completed by 358 patients with long-lasting pain/somatoform symptoms. These patients also completed questionnaires concerning sociodemographics, anxiety and depression, subjective well-being, and overall physical and mental functioning. Our results showed satisfactory interpretability and face validity, and high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = .90). The original one-factor structure was confirmed, but subscales should be interpreted cautiously. The Danish version of the Injustice Experience Questionnaire is found to be valid and reliable.
State police officer sleep patterns and fast food consumption
Authors: Tewksbury Richard , Copenhaver Allen
Published: November 2015

This study provides one of the first assessments of sleep patterns and fast food consumption among a sample of State police officers. Amounts of sleep and fast food consumed and the predictors of such are identified. Data are collected from surveys of all sworn members of one State police agency. State police officers get less than the recommended amount of sleep and eat an average of four fast food meals weekly. Significant predictors of sleep include participation in intramural sports, health self-assessment, higher consumption of stimulant drinks and shift worked. Predictors of fast food consumption are age, health self-assessment and higher consumption of stimulant drinks. This is the first study to focus on State police sleep and diet with an emphasis on identifying correlates of both. By identifying the predictors of officer sleep and fast food consumption the researchers are able to make several law enforcement policy recommendations that may improve officer health and wellness, and subsequently, officer performance.
Understanding variations in user response to social media campaigns: A study of Facebook posts in the 2010 US elections
Authors: Xenos Michael A , Macafee Timothy , Pole Antoinette
Published: November 2015

Political candidates increasingly have incorporated social media tools like Facebook into their campaigns. Such tools enable supporters to interact directly and easily with campaigns, creating an immediate and relatively informal way for users to respond to candidate messages and publicly display their support. Previous research has explored how campaigns have used social media, or how the use of social media may be related to political engagement. In this study, we provide a systematic analysis of variations in user response to candidate messaging through Facebook. Our results shed new light on the dynamics of online campaigning through social media and engagement with supporters through digital media. Specifically, our findings show that variations in the tone, timing, and content of posts, as distinct from contextual factors, are significantly related to how users respond through “likes” and comments.
‘Baby-cam’ and researching with infants: Viewer, image and (not) knowing
Authors: Elwick Sheena
Published: November 2015

This article offers a methodological reflection on how ‘baby-cam’ enhanced ethically reflective attitudes in a large-scale research project that set out to research with infants in Australian early childhood education and care settings. By juxtaposing digital images produced by two different digital-camera technologies and drawing on informal conversations with those who have viewed the images, it addresses the question: ‘What might we perceive or sense differently if we look at one filmed event through two different camera technologies, one of which is baby-cam?’ It is proposed that baby-cam-generated digital images may provide participatory researchers with a useful heuristic device in that they can remind researchers of the limits of their own ‘gaze’ and ways of knowing and theorising infants. When utilised in this way, baby-cam may assist infants to move further towards more fully claiming their ‘participant’ stance within early childhood education and care participatory research.
Dissonance for understanding: Exploring a new theoretical lens for understanding teacher identity formation in borderlands of practice
Authors: Delaney Katherine K
Published: November 2015

Borderlands of practice are spaces where teachers are engaged in negotiating multiple conceptions of “best practices” within their daily teaching practice. Teachers at work in borderlands must actively negotiate varied conceptions, expectations, and assumptions about what is “best” for their students. These conceptions often challenge teacher professional knowledge and can result in a sense of dissonance about how to best meet the needs of students. Using a case study of one veteran teacher’s sense-making processes in her first year of teaching pre-Kindergarten, this article explores how a theoretical lens of dissonance might help researchers and teacher educators to better understand and support teacher identity formation in borderlands of practice.
Writing about class and race differences and similarities in early childhood mathematics: The case of one monograph
Authors: Parks Amy Noelle
Published: November 2015

This article reports on a literature review of 49 articles that cited a single monograph written in 1981 about early learning in mathematics to make claims of similarity or difference across lines of race and class in early mathematics. The review found that while about two-thirds of the articles cited the monograph to make claims of no significant differences across race and class in early mathematics performances (which is the perspective taken by the monograph’s authors in their conclusion and summary), almost one-third of the articles cited the monograph to establish significant social class differences in early mathematics, despite the claims of the monograph’s authors to the contrary. Similarly, a major US government report on early childhood mathematics cited the monograph to establish both race and social class differences. The reasons for and implications of these findings are discussed, including the tendency in recent years to understand race and class in US education primarily in terms of achievement gaps.
Qualitatively different university student experiences of inquiry: Associations among approaches to inquiry, technologies and perceptions of the learning environment
Authors: Ellis Robert A
Published: November 2015

There is variation in the university student experience of learning. Prior research has shown that factors that shape this include student characteristics, the learning context, student perceptions of that context and approaches to learning and their learning outcomes. In blended contexts, there is a need to identify variables which can explain why some students are more successful than others in order to shed light on why students in the same course completing the same activities in the same teaching environment experience these perhaps very differently and also achieve different outcomes. To address these issues, this study looks at first-year university students who were required to engage in online inquiry as a key part of their learning experience. This study offers a way of revealing qualitative differences in the student experience of learning in the students’ blended course. It suggests that differences in the quality of the experience can be revealed by variation in the quality of approaches to inquiry and learning technologies, differences in student perceptions of online workload and the integration of the class and online contexts. These differences were found to be logically and positively related to student achievement indicated by course marks, which provide implications for the design and teaching of courses in blended contexts.
Reverse teaching: Exploring student perceptions of “flip teaching”
Authors: Nguyen Bang , Yu Xiaoyu , Japutra Arnold , Chen Cheng-Hao Steve
Published: November 2015

The concept of reverse teaching, considered by some as the education model of the future due to increasing technological availability in the classroom, has received great attention in education research lately. However, the focus of these studies has mainly been on the understanding of reverse teaching in terms of its application rather than exploring the students’ perceptions of reverse teaching itself. This study explores the students’ perceptions of reverse teaching. Based on 28 in-depth interviews, this study submits a conceptualization of reverse teaching from the students’ point-of-view. The concept of reverse teaching constitutes three dimensions, expanding our knowledge of the construct. The study posits a crucial link between preparation, interaction, outcomes, and the understanding of reverse teaching. Guidelines are proposed for reverse teaching, extending existing literatures, with insights and implications for educators.
Tutor–student interaction in seminar teaching: Implications for professional development
Authors: Hardman Jan
Published: November 2015

While much of the recent academic literature into university seminar teaching has focused on collaborative learning involving student–student interaction, little research has been done into tutor–student interaction and how tutors interact with students during whole class, group-based and one-to-one teaching. In response to this finding, this exploratory study investigates the quality of tutor–student interaction in the teaching of an undergraduate and postgraduate engineering management class taught by the same tutor. A third-year undergraduate class of home students and a 1-year masters largely made up of international students were observed, video- and audio-recorded and analysed using a systematic interactive observation schedule and lesson transcripts. The analysis of the tutor–student discourse moves revealed the talk was largely lecturer-fronted with an emphasis on knowledge transmission and that there were few differences in the discourse practices of the tutor when teaching home and international students. In the light of the findings, the article argues for more research to be conducted into how tutors can be helped to engage in more dialogic interactions with their students in whole class, group-based and one-to-one interactions to ensure they are given the opportunity to engage in intellectually stimulating classroom talk and deep learning. The implications of the findings for the professional development of university tutors are also considered.
Tidal Energy Ltd v Bank of Scotland plc [2014] EWCA Civ 1107
Authors: Powley Holly
Published: November 2015

Discussion of the Court of Appeal’s decision in the Tidal Energy v Bank of Scotland case relating to the question of whether a customer had been taken to contract on the basis of standard banking practice with regard to the use of unique identifiers in a CHAPS transaction. Assesses the knowledge of the customer as to this issue and the importance of commercial common sense.
Numerical and experimental study of circular disc electromechanical impedance spectroscopy signature changes due to structural damage and sensor degradation
Authors: Rugina Cristian , Enciu Daniela , Tudose Mihai
Published: November 2015

The article describes a study on the use of the electromechanical impedance spectroscopy method for crack-damage detection with piezoelectric wafer active sensors bonded to thin-walled structures. The study combines analytical, finite element method, and experimental methods. The specimens under consideration consisted of circular plates with circular piezoelectric wafer active sensors bonded at the center. Some of the plates were pristine, and others were damaged. The damage consists of simulated cracks (thin laser-machined slits) placed at various locations away from the center. For pristine plates, the electromechanical impedance spectroscopy spectrum was predicted with two numerical methods: (a) analytically using closed-form solutions and (b) Comsol 4.3 Multi-physics software using two-dimensional axisymmetric elements. The results were compared with experimental measurements performed with an HP 4194 impedance analyzer. This comparison allowed us to tune the model parameters. For plates with simulated cracks, the electromechanical impedance spectroscopy spectrum was predicted with three-dimensional finite element method models and then compared with experiments. Overall, the effect of crack damage on electromechanical impedance spectroscopy signature was found to consist of frequency shifts, peak splitting, and appearance of new peaks. These effects were predicted by the numerical models and confirmed by experiments. Modeshapes were also measured using a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer and compared with finite element method predictions. Interesting new modeshape features (local high-frequency modes) were observed near the crack. These features tend to explain some of the new peaks appearing in the electromechanical impedance spectroscopy spectrum. Further refining of the finite element method model was performed to capture variability effects associated with plate thickness, piezoelectric wafer active sensors thickness, adhesive layer thickness, and imperfect adhesive layer. The effect on the piezoelectric wafer active sensors asymmetrically placed electrodes and soldering points was also studied. It was found that these variations modify the electromechanical impedance spectroscopy signatures, but much less than the changes induced by the presence of the crack. Hence, it was concluded that the capability of the electromechanical impedance spectroscopy method to detect actual damage was not affected by these variations. A proper physics-based analysis and interpretation of the electromechanical impedance spectroscopy spectral changes are performed.
“It is like stepping into another world”: Exploring the possibilities of using appreciative participatory action research to guide culture change work in community and long-term care
Authors: McKeown Janet KL , Fortune Darla , Dupuis Sherry L
Published: November 2015

This paper highlights the possibilities for transformation that exist when a diverse group of participants interested in working together to change the culture of dementia care in long-term care and community care settings use appreciative participatory action research to guide their culture change efforts. These transformations happened throughout the culture change process using appreciative participatory action research. For instance, using appreciative participatory action research to guide the culture change process provided participants with the opportunity to build stronger professional and personal relationships in their respective care communities. Culture change transformations also stemmed from the appreciative participatory action research process, as participants recognized the importance of finding ways to include persons with dementia/residents in the process and they developed an appreciation for the valuable contributions persons with dementia/residents can make to culture change work. These culture chance possibilities demonstrate the value in using appreciative participatory action research to guide culture change in long-term care and community care contexts. These possibilities also illustrate the importance of paying closer attention to the culture change process itself, rather than solely the outcomes of the process, given that the possibilities for transformation that can take place throughout the process can help to build momentum, propelling culture change efforts forward in healthcare contexts.
Crime in the Kingdom
Authors: Sacarellos Catherine Dimos , Wright John Paul , Almosaed Nora F. , Moghrabi Sameera S. , Bashatah Fawzia S. , Morgan Mark Alden
Published: November 2015

Low self-control has emerged as a ubiquitous predictor of a range of behaviors and life outcomes, including criminal and analogous behaviors. Evidence linking self-control to criminal conduct, moreover, has also emerged from several cross-cultural studies. While important, cross-cultural studies remain limited in number and in scope. Extending empirical investigations into the effects of self-control cross-culturally, we present findings from data collected from Saudi Arabian high school youth. Low self-control was a substantive predictor of self-reported delinquency, violent behavior (VB), victimization, and delinquent peer associations for males and females. The effects of low self-control were found to be substantive, general, and invariant across sex within a culture that practices sex segregation and one that embraces harsh punishments for violent conduct.
Leadership Virtues Exposed
Authors: Bischak Diane P. , Woiceshyn Jaana
Published: November 2015

Leadership clearly has an impact on organizational outcomes, and previous research has revealed the antecedents and consequences of leadership styles and the effects of leaders’ personality traits. We focus on an area that has received much less attention: ethical leadership practice and the virtues that guide it. Following the positive turn in leadership research, we examine what constitutes virtuous action of leaders. We draw on observations made in a novel realm, rock climbing, and integrate them with the literature on leadership virtues while drawing parallels to business. We identify six essential virtues at the core of the ethical leadership model we propose: rationality, honesty, independence, integrity, justice, and pride. Three of these—rationality, independence, and pride—are not conventional virtues, but we suggest that they are critical for ethical leadership, as is the standard of human flourishing and the leader’s relationship with followers as a trader of values. Our analysis is summarized in testable propositions.
Surgical Treatment of Diverticulitis
Authors: Miyagaki Hiromichi , Rhee Rebecca , Shantha Kumara H. M. C. , Yan Xiaohong , Njoh Linda , Cekic Vesna , Whelan Richard L.
Published: November 2015

Introduction. Laparoscopic (LAP) colectomy is now the “gold” standard for diverticulitis; the role of hand-assisted LAP (HAL) and Open methods today is unclear. This study assessed the elective use of these methods for diverticulitis. Methods. A retrospective review of demographic, comorbidity (Carlson Comorbidity Index [CCI]), resection type, and short-term outcomes was carried out. Results. There were 125 (44.5%) LAP, 125 (44.5%) HAL, and 31 (11%) Open cases (overall N = 281). The mean age, body mass index, and percentage of high-risk patients (CCI score >2) of the HAL group were greater ( P < .05) than the LAP group (vs Open, P = ns). The Open group’s mean age and percent with CCI >2 was greater when compared with the LAP group ( P < .05). More Open ( P < .05) and HAL patients had complex disease (Open, 63%; HAL, 40%, LAP, 22%) and were diverted (Open, 35%; HAL, 10%; LAP, 3%). Time to bowel movement was not different; however, there was a stepwise increase in median length of stay (LOS; days) from the LAP (5 days) to HAL (6 days) to Open group (7 days) ( P < .05 for all). The LAP complication rate (22.4%) was lower ( P < .05) than the HAL (42.4%) or Open groups’ (45.2%) rates. The LAP surgical site infection rate (5.6%) was lower ( P < .05) than the HAL (12.8%) or Open groups (19.6%). Conclusion. The HAL and Open groups had more high risk, complex disease, diverted, and older patients than the LAP group; likewise, the overall complication rate and LOS was higher in the HAL and Open groups. Use of HAL methods likely contributed to the high minimally invasive surgery utilization rate (89%).
Postpancreatectomy Hemorrhage After Pancreatic Surgery in Patients Receiving Anticoagulation or Antiplatelet Agents
Authors: Mita Kazuhito , Ito Hideto , Takahashi Koudai , Hashimoto Masatoshi , Nagayasu Kiichi , Murabayashi Ryo , Asakawa Hideki , Koizumi Kazuya , Hayashi Takashi , Fujino Keiichi
Published: November 2015

Background. Postpancreatectomy hemorrhage (PPH) is a serious complication after pancreatic surgery. In this study, we evaluated PPH and thromboembolic complications after pancreatic surgery in patients with perioperative antithrombotic treatment. Methods. Medical records of patients undergoing pancreatic surgery were reviewed retrospectively. Patients receiving thromboprophylaxis were given either bridging therapy with unfractionated heparin or continued on aspirin as perioperative antithrombotic treatment according to clinical indications and published recommendations. The International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery definition of PPH was used. Risk factors associated with PPH were assessed by multivariate analysis. Results. Thirty-four of 158 patients received perioperative antithrombotic treatment; this group had a significantly higher PPH rate (29.4% vs 6.5%, P = .001) and mortality (11.8% vs 2.4%, P = .039) than patients not receiving thromboprophylaxis. Multivariate analysis revealed that perioperative antithrombotic treatment was the only independent risk factor for PPH after pancreatic surgery (odds ratio 4.77; 95% CI 1.61-14.15; P = .005). Conclusions. Perioperative antithrombotic treatment is an independent risk factor for PPH in patients undergoing pancreatic surgery, although this treatment effectively prevents postoperative thromboembolic events.
Performance and Becoming
Authors: Aroles Jeremy
Published: November 2015

This article seeks to examine how the notions of belonging and nativeness are enacted in virtual communities. It draws from an ethnographically inspired study of the players of a Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game (MMORPG) that is explored through three key dimensions: space, time, and language. Drawing on concepts developed by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, I argue that the notion of nativeness, in the case of virtual communities, is best approached as a performance embedded in the process of becoming. In that sense, one is not but rather becomes a member of a virtual community. This process of becoming entails an exploration of smooth forms of space and the appropriation of a vernacular form of language.
Endocrine Disruptors
Authors: Ricci Paolo F.
Published: November 2015

Law and science combine in the estimation of risks from endocrine disruptors (EDs) and actions for their regulation. For both, dose–response models are the causal link between exposure and probability (or percentage change) of adverse response. The evidence that leads to either regulations or judicial decrees is affected by uncertainty and limited knowledge, raising difficult policy issues that we enumerate and discuss. In the United States, some courts have dealt with EDs, but causation based on animal studies has been a stumbling block for plaintiffs seeking compensation, principally because those courts opt for epidemiological evidence. The European Union (EU) has several regulatory tools and ongoing research on the risks associated with bisphenol A, under the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) Regulation and other regulations or directives. The integration of a vast (in kind and in scope) number of research papers into a statement of causation for either policy or to satisfy legal requirements, in both the United States and the EU, relies on experts. We outline the discursive dilemma and issues that may affect consensus-based results and a Bayesian causal approach that accounts for the evolution of information, yielding both value of information and flexibility associated with public choices.
Outcomes following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: What is the potential for donation after circulatory death?
Authors: Tordoff Claire C , Bodenham Andrew R
Published: November 2015

We conducted a prospective observational study on 100 consecutive patients admitted to intensive care units at Leeds General Infirmary following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. In the non-survivors, we reviewed their potential for organ donation via donation after circulatory death. Out of the 100 patients, 53 did not survive to hospital discharge. Out of these non-survivors, 13 died very suddenly within the intensive care unit and 3 other patients subsequently died in a general ward following discharge from the intensive care unit. One patient became brainstem dead, with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest secondary to a subarachnoid haemorrhage, rather than a primary cardiac cause. This patient went on to donate via the brain death mode. The remaining 36 patients had treatment withdrawn in the intensive care unit. Of these, 29 were referred to the transplant team for potential donation after circulatory death, and 14 were deemed to be medically suitable for organ donation. However, the families of only seven agreed to proceed with the donation process. Of these seven, only one went on to donate, primarily because the majority did not die within the 3-h window for acceptable warm ischaemia. In this series, the potential for donation after circulatory death following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest was limited. We would suggest an open dialogue between intensive care unit staff and transplant teams about the realistic potential for organ donation in each case. When clinicians believe it is unlikely that donation after circulatory death will proceed due to a failure to die within the pre-requisite time, then not starting with the donation after circulatory death process should be seriously considered.
The Contemporary Role of Masked Continuous Glucose Monitoring in a Real-Time World
Authors: Blumer Ian
Published: November 2015

Real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) has, in the span of just a few years, established an essential role in the contemporary management of type 1 diabetes. Nonetheless, masked CGM retains an important place in the management of diabetes including assisting with hypoglycemia detection and avoidance, optimizing glycemic control, and acting as a teaching tool for people living with diabetes.
In Vivo Evaluation of the Potential of High-Frequency Ultrasound for Arthroscopic Examination of the Shoulder Joint
Authors: Puhakka Jani , Afara Isaac O. , Paatela Teemu , Sormaala Markus J. , Timonen Matti A. , Virén Tuomas , Jurvelin Jukka S. , Töyräs Juha , Kiviranta Ilkka
Published: November 2015

Objective

Accurate arthroscopic evaluation of cartilage lesions could significantly improve the outcome of repair surgery. In this study, we investigated for the first time the potential of intra-articular ultrasound as an arthroscopic tool for grading cartilage defects in the human shoulder joint in vivo and compared the outcome to results from arthroscopic evaluation and magnetic resonance imaging findings.

Design

A total of 26 sites from 9 patients undergoing routine shoulder arthroscopy were quantitatively evaluated with a clinical intravascular (40MHz) ultrasound imaging system, using the regular arthroscopy portals. Reflection coefficient ( R), integrated reflection coefficient ( IRC), apparent integrated backscattering ( AIB), and ultrasound roughness index ( URI) were calculated, and high-resolution ultrasound images were obtained per site. Each site was visually graded according to the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) system. “Ultrasound scores” corresponding to the ICRS system were determined from the ultrasound images. Magnetic resonance imaging was conducted and cartilage integrity at each site was classified into 5 grades (0 = normal, 4 = severely abnormal) by a radiologist.

Results

R and IRC were lower at sites with damaged cartilage surface ( P = 0.033 and P = 0.043, respectively) and correlated with arthroscopic ICRS grades ( rs = −0.444, P = 0.023 and rs = −0.426, P = 0.03, respectively). Arthroscopic ICRS grades and ultrasound scores were significantly correlated (rs = 0.472, P = 0.015), but no significant correlation was found between magnetic resonance imaging data and other parameters.

Conclusion

The results suggest that ultrasound arthroscopy could facilitate quantitative clinical appraisal of articular cartilage integrity in the shoulder joint and provide information on cartilage lesion depth and severity for quantitative diagnostics in surgery.