bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Handling Community Tensions During the Hajj Waiting Period
Authors: Fajar Abbas Sofwan Matlail , Syaie Akhmad Najibul Khairi
Published: August 2023

Hajj, a pillar of Islam for Muslims who are able, has a high spiritual dimension while involving social, economic, and psychological aspects in its preparation and execution. The waiting period before Hajj is often challenging, especially in the context of people's anxiety. This study aims to analyze and understand anxiety during the Hajj waiting period and its impact on the preparation and actualization of worship. In the context of the data type and research objectives, a non-positivistic or naturalism paradigm was used. Qualitative research, which focuses on human actions and interactions in natural settings, defines this approach. The research findings show that the frustration experienced by prospective pilgrims is not only influenced by the long waiting period and the additional costs required but also includes a deeper aspect of cosmological roots in Muslim understanding. Hajj, one of Islam's high pillars, has shifted people's perceptions to be more than just an achievement in the spiritual journey. However, it should be noted that this study needs to be more focused in its focus, which is on analyzing the queuing aspect of the waiting period. This study has yet to explore the regulation of Hajj worldwide, which has significant variations, including developing the nusuk application technology proposed by the Saudi Arabian government to address queuing issues.
Religiosity and its Relationship with the Tolerance Attitudes of Higher Education Students
Authors: Fuad A. Jauhar , Masuwd Mowafg
Published: August 2023

This study aims to examine the relationship between religiosity and tolerance among university students. This research focuses on how university studentsâ€™ level of religiosity relates to their attitudes towards differences in religion, culture, and views in the academic environment. The research method was a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. This study involved 160 students from various programs at several universities. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of a religiosity measurement scale and tolerance attitude measurement scale. The religiosity measurement scale includes the dimensions of belief, involvement in religious activities, and importance of religion in daily life. The tolerance attitude measurement scale assessed students' responses to statements describing openness, appreciation, and respect for differences. The results of the analysis show a positive correlation between the level of religiosity of university students and their tolerance attitudes. Students who showed higher levels of religiosity tended to have more tolerant attitudes. These findings suggest that religion can act as an important factor in shaping students' social attitudes in the academic environment. This study contributes to the understanding of the role of religion in shaping tolerant attitudes among university students. The implications of these findings can help in designing more inclusive education programs that emphasize openness to differences and respect for diversity. In addition, this study underscores the importance of opening dialogue and facilitating faith in higher education settings. Although the findings provide valuable insights, this study has limitations in terms of sample coverage and geographical area. Further research involving larger and more diverse samples from different countries or regions is expected to corroborate and expand the generalizability of these findings. Future research could also explore other factors that may influence the relationship between religiosity and tolerance among university students.
The Implementation of Amar Ma'ruf Nahi Munkar Qadi al-Baqilany
Authors: Afandi Akhmad Jazuli , Abdelmoneim Islam Saad Mohamed
Published: August 2023

This article aims to review the application of the concept of Amar Ma'ruf Nahi Munkar Qadi al-Baqilany using Hassan Hanafi's phenomenological hermeneutics as an analytical approach. The socio-political and thought conditions of al-Baqilany's time became a problem in itself. The diversity of society that is not only from the Arab community also raises problems that require special handling. Qadi al-Baqilani had a view of Amar Ma'ruf Nahi Munkar who could respond to the realities of the time. This research uses qualitative methods with the type of literature study. The choice of Hasan Hanafi's phenomenological hermeneutics as an approach aims to deepen the study so as to get a complete picture of the real implementation of Amar Ma'ruf Nahi Munkar Qadi al-Baqilany. The researcher's analysis includes socio-historical conditions, texts, reality and people's consciousness. The main instruments are reduction data, display data and conclusions. The results show that a) the socio-historical, political and thought of society is very diverse. There was a lot of poverty and misthinking by the Mu'tazilites as key holders of the madhhab in government. So that the implementation carried out by Al-Baqilany is to conduct scientific debates to several schools or schools, especially the Mu'tazilites, Jahmiyah and Shia in the place provided by the government. And also by contradicting the Roman king, b) the incorporation of reason and naqli in every argument, c) the use of linguistic elements needed in his works and debates, d) the use of communicative, systematic, simple and understandable language at every level of his works and e) the existence of mass awareness efforts.
Decision Support System for Financial Aid for Underprivileged Students using the TOPSIS Method
Authors: Pransiska Apprillia Yudha , Juledi Angga Putra , Harahap Syaiful Zuhri
Published: August 2023

The distribution of Financial Aid for Underprivileged Students is considered not to be on target due to the unmeasured selection process. So a decision-making system is needed that can select beneficiaries objectively. This research was conducted to assist the school in determining students who deserve this assistance. The purpose of this research is to build a decision-making system for selecting beneficiaries from poor students by applying the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution method. The formulation of the problem is how to build a decision support system using the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution method in selecting students who receive financial aid for underprivileged students. The method used goes through several stages, namely: determining alternatives and criteria, building a normalized decision matrix, building a weighted normalized decision matrix, determining positive and negative ideal solutions, determining the distance between ideal solutions, and determining preference values. There are 7 criteria used, namely social protection card recipients, total income, number of dependents, parental status, distance, class, and report card scores. The results showed that the highest preference value for each alternative was in alternative A3, with a score of 0.6665. While the lowest preference value is in alternative A20 with a score of 0.0719, From the results of the study, it was concluded that the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution method can be used in making decisions on the selection of beneficiaries of poor students based on preference value rankings.
Implementation of Stock Goods Data Mining Using the Apriori Algorithm
Authors: Sinaga Bosker , Marpaung Meman , Tarigan Ita Roseni Br , Tania Keke
Published: August 2023

Stock inventory in the pharmacy should be well recorded. This is to provide the best service to customers/buyers. Buyers who come with empty results or the drug they want to buy will not feel disappointed, especially if they have made several purchases. This research implements data mining of drug stock inventory, where in the research carried out there are many empty and excess inventory items, resulting in less than optimal service. The research method, namely the survey research method, is a research method that is carried out using surveys or data collection through research respondents. The algorithm used in analyzing the data is the Apriori algorithm. The results of this study are the results of association rules based on predetermined parameters, namely a minimum support of 25% and a minimum confidence of 60%. The rule that is formed is that if consumers buy amoxicillin, they will buy mefenamic acid with a support value of 37% and a confidence of 183%.
Overcoming Classroom Silence
Authors: Palupi Tri Winindyasari , Hermaniar Yulieda
Published: August 2023

Engagement is one of the essential aspects of having effective communication in English. In reality, English speakers, specifically language learners, often struggle and are unresponsive in communication, including in the classroom. This contradicts the purpose of learning that requires students and teachers to communicate effectively. In response to this issue, it is necessary to understand how teachers handle the problem through teaching strategies. This paper investigates teachers' strategies for engaging unresponsive students to teachers' questions. It is a qualitative study, with data collected through observations and interviews. The subject is an English teacher at SMKN 1 Tapin who taught tenth-grade students. The results show that the teacher used several strategies in engaging with unresponsive students, including humor, effective pacing, demonstrating intensity and enthusiasm, and pair work. Additionally, she also did code-mix with students' native language, constantly asking other students, and giving rewards. This proves the teacher's ability in exploring creative strategies to be engaging with her students.
English Focus Structures in Arabic Translation: A Case Study of Gibran's The Prophet
Authors: Farghal Mohammed
Published: August 2023

The present paper aims to examine the translation of English focus structures into Arabic. The textual data is extracted from Gibran Khalil Gibran's The Prophet, being a good example of creative writing that may instantiate sufficient data of such structures. The extracted data (88 examples) feature four categories of focus structures: fronting (27), fronting plus subject-verb inversion (23), fronting plus subject-auxiliary inversion (28) and It-clefts (10). The findings show that English focus structures constitute a problematic area which requires a high degree of expertise on the translator's part. In addition to accounting for fronting as a major syntactic device for focusing a certain sentence constituent, which is successfully achieved in about two thirds of the examples, inversion and clefting as second-layer emphatic elements are largely missed in Arabic translation. The critical discussion of sample examples shows that such second-layer emphasis can be catered for by the use of both grammatical, e.g. pronouns or lexical, e.g adverbial emphatic markers, which can effectively support fronting and achieve a comparable degree of focus..
Where is Palestine in Caryl Phillips’s The Nature of Blood?
Authors: Masri Ahlam
Published: August 2023

This article examines the theoretical/critical and literary silence on Palestine as represented by Caryl Phillips’s novel, The Nature of Blood. It is argued that the silence on Palestine is simultaneously political, historical, geographical and imaginative. In his novel, Phillips provides a framework of Jewish suffering and persecution in an anti-Semitic Europe which culminates in the Holocaust in order to justify the establishment of a Jewish homeland. The criticism Phillips directs at Israel has to do with Israel’s racism against black Jews. Phillips, who is ironically identified as a postcolonial writer, ignores the fact that Israel is also a colonial entity, which was established based on the belief that Israel would be an ethnically pure homeland for the Jewish people. Phillips’s inability or unwillingness to understand this basic given leads to his intentional erasure of a whole people, the Palestinians and their cause, a criticism that can also be leveled against trauma and postcolonial studies.

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Native-Culturism in University of Jordan Students’ Cognitions about Literature
Authors: Zidan Mahmoud
Published: August 2023

This study explores the extent to which Jordanian university English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students’ cognitions about literature are shaped by the concepts of ‘linguistic imperialism’, ‘native-speakerism’, and ‘native-culturism’. A survey is carefully designed by the researchers and electronically distributed to 100 students enrolled in the English language programs at the University of Jordan. The survey includes both objective and subjective questions in order to more fully understand students’ cognitions (i.e., knowledge, beliefs, and thoughts, following Borg’s (2003) conceptualisation) for better reliability in establishing arguments and reaching conclusions. Analysis of objective data is quantitatively conducted and statistically presented using a program called Qualtrics, an online survey tool, and subjective data are qualitatively analysed and consequently categorized into themes for better interpretation. Results show that most students are cognizant of the concepts of ‘linguistic and cultural imperialism’ when it comes to their preferences towards literature but report some obstacles to being exposed to ‘non-core’, ‘periphery’ literary texts. Some of these obstacles are the limited access to Arabic literature and curricular constraints. The study primarily concludes that more awareness of cultural diversity on the part of students and teachers is needed to improve their practices in language pedagogy and literary studies..
Agreement Asymmetries and Word Order in Iraqi Arabic
Authors: J. Bakir Murtadha
Published: August 2023

Agreement asymmetries in the varieties of Arabic have been a topic of continuing attraction. One particularly interesting area where this agreement asymmetry occurs is the case of conjoined subjects. Here Iraqi Arabic, and reportedly other spoken Arabic dialects, differentiate between preverbal and post-verbal subjects. In VS orders the agreement is sometimes with the first conjunct DP while in SV order there is full agreement with the whole conjoined DP. A number of proposals have been suggested to offer a formal account for this asymmetry in Standard Arabic and modern spoken dialects. However, these formal accounts with their single mechanisms fail to deal with the evident variability in the agreement pattern that is exhibited in sentences with VS order. The paper attempts to account for this variability via the investigation of the performance-related processing factors lying behind it. To this effect, a sentence production experiment is conducted that manipulates subject-verb and subject-predicative adjective order. The informants view objects on a poster, name the objects and produce sentences of varying word order that contain two agreement targets. The difference in this order appears to produce a significant difference in the agreement pattern of the agreement target. Post-subject verbs exhibit agreement with the whole conjoined DP, and pre-subject verbs exhibit variability in their agreement pattern, while adjectives do not show this asymmetry since they always occur after the subject. This shows that linear order plays a substantial role in determining agreement in the resolution of the target number. .
Book Review of Manning and Kendall’s Intelligence Arabic
Authors: Farghal Mohammed
Published: August 2023

The book titled Intelligence Arabic, which may be translated into لسان المخابرات (Intelligence Tongue), is a unique publication bringing to spotlight an Arabic jargon which has been locked away in modern Arab history in the mazes of secrecy in intelligence headquarters and centers across the Arab World. The Arabic trilateral root /kh b r/ originally involved a connotation-free process of derivation producing words like yukhbir 'to inform', khabar 'a piece of news', khibrah 'experience', etc. With the establishment of 'modern' Arab states, this tri-consonantal root has given us some negatively-nuanced terms in Modern Standard Arabic, namely 'istikhbaaraat/mukhaabaraat 'intelligence' and mukhbir/ mukhbiruun 'mole/moles'. For the Arab masses, these words have become extremely taboo and scary due to the ill-reputed practices of the intelligence services which have been mainly institutionalized by Arab dictatorships to spy on and persecute their own peoples rather than protect national security, the way it is in western democracies. However, as a result of complications of regional and world politics, especially with the ever-increasing phenomenon of terrorism worldwide, such intelligence services have started to assume an instrumental role in regional as well as world security.
Acoustic Analysis of Modern Standard Arabic Vowels by Jordanian Speakers
Authors: Kalaldeh Raya
Published: August 2023

In this study the Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) vowels produced by ten Jordanian males are acoustically analyzed and described. In line with previous studies on MSA produced by speakers from different parts of the Arab world, this study shows that the inventory of MSA vowels consists of six monophthongs and two diphthongs. Moreover, the long monophthongs of MSA are found to be more than double the duration of their short counterparts. In comparison with studies on MSA vowels produced by Palestinian, Saudi, Sudanese and Egyptian speakers, the MSA monophthongs produced by the Jordanian speakers here are found to be significantly shorter than those in the latter studies. Moreover, this study proposes the use of different IPA symbols for the MSA vowels which have been for long inaccurately transcribed as /a:, i:, u:, a, i, u, aj, aw/. This is justified by the finding that long and short MSA monophthongs are significantly different not only in duration but also in vowel quality. This latter finding has been corroborated by many previous studies on MSA vowels..
Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety among 2nd Year Baccalaureate Students in Morocco
Authors: Bouddage Soumia
Published: August 2023

This study investigates the causes and manifestations of foreign language speaking anxiety among Moroccan 2nd year baccalaureate students and the strategies that can help reduce it. It aims at examining students’ and teachers’ beliefs regarding the use of information communication technology (ICT henceforth) enhanced speaking activities as a possible strategy that can alleviate foreign language speaking anxiety. To achieve this aim, the study employed a convergent mixed method design in which two questionnaire surveys, focus-group interviews and direct classroom observations were used to collect data from a sample of 212 students and 34 teachers. The results obtained reveal that second year baccalaureate students demonstrate moderate levels of foreign language classroom anxiety (N: 218, Mean: 97.67, S D = 21.519), as measured by the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS), and a high level of speaking anxiety (N=218, Mean= 47.55). Moreover, the study yielded thorough lists of perceived causes of foreign language speaking anxiety and strategies which can help alleviate it. Different speaking anxiety manifestations were also identified. Additionally, this study revealed that teachers and students hold opposite beliefs regarding the use of ICT enhanced activities to reduce FL speaking anxiety..
Impoliteness Strategies in ‘The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air’: A Gender-based Study
Authors: F. Al-Yasin Noor
Published: August 2023

This study aims at finding out gender differences in impoliteness strategies made by African American characters in the TV series ‘The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air’ to enact humor. The researchers analyzed 151 impolite utterances from Season 1 from ‘The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air’, which consisted of 25 episodes. The findings support previous research that males use impoliteness more than females. It was also found out that male characters utilized impoliteness strategies more than female characters in both evoking impoliteness and responding to face attacks. Regardless of gender, attacking the hearer’s negative face was more preferred by African American characters than attacking the hearer’s positive face. Males and females differed significantly in initiating negative impoliteness and sarcasm or mock impoliteness. However, the differences between the two genders in responding to impoliteness were insignificant..
The development of health promotion competence
in teaching world literature
Authors: Konieva Tetiana , Tyminska Iryna
Published: August 2023

The aim of the article is to show how the health promotion technology can be
used to ensure life safety (according to S. Postoienko), and raise students’ awareness
about healthy behavior in integrated classes when learning of E. Ionesco’s drama
«Rhinoceros» (World literature) and go on to summarize and systematize the
acquired knowledge while learning the topic «The Mob» (Life safety).
The methodology of the survey is range of scientific methods and approaches.
A content-oriented approach has been applied to identify content-based integration
of academic disciplines in one topic. The activity-based approach made it possible
for university students to acquire new knowledge in the process of their
independent educational and cognitive activity. The comparative method helps to
compare the images created by E. Ionesco with the literary process and the
traditions of world literature, and to reveal the author innovation in the field
of eidology.
The scientific novelty: the article describes the model of an integrated lesson
«The Mob», which helps to summarize the theoretical knowledge on the topic.
Students correlate their ideas about the mob psychology and the characters’ behavior
in E. Ionesco’s drama «Rhinoceros» (lack of personality and responsibility for their
actions; low intelligence and high emotionality; being influenced by a leader; high
impressionability; rapid mood swings).
Conclusion. One of the key objectives of higher education, which is in line with
the social policy of our government, is to preserve and promote public health. The
study program for getting bachelor’s degree aims to build health promotion
competence among university students providing the health promotion technologies
to be used during their studies.
Non-standard approaches and the use of health promotion technology contribute
to the development of students; skills to use psychological and pedagogical techniques,
methods, approaches to solve the problems of preserving and promoting public
health, and acquiring the necessary professional skills for their future career.
Keywords: integrated learning, world literature, life safety, health promotion
technology, health promotion competence.
Systematic approach to the training of specialists tactical level
of military administration with higher education
Authors: Кilderov Dmytro , Prikhodko Yuri , Chernykh Yuri
Published: August 2023

Purpose of the article. The purpose of the article is to substantiate
the didactic foundations of the training of tactical-level military
specialists with higher education, taking into account the experience
of the military education systems of the leading NATO countries.
The research methodology involved the use of methods of analysis,
synthesis, systematization and generalization. The relevance of the
problem is being investigated, its importance in the light of a determined
state policy in the security and defense sphere is shown. Didactics of
educational systems is considered as a complex concept, which contains
two organic components – theoretical and applied. The basic laws and
principles of development of educational systems of the leading leading
countries of the world (the theoretical component of the didactic concept) have been determined. The main directions of the correction
of the components of theoretical and applied didactics in the preparation
of military specialists in the Military Higher Educational Institutions
of Ukraine have been substantiated, namely: the requirements for
specialists, the structure and content of the military specialists training,
control and monitoring in the educational process, etc.
Originality. The regularities and principles of functioning of
educational systems have been determined; a number of didactic
measures aimed at implementing transformation processes in the system
of military specialists training in Ukraine have been proposed. The
didactic approaches should facilitate convergence of military educational
systems of NATO countries, increase the efficiency of the system of
military education in Ukraine, and improve the quality of training of
military specialists with higher education.
Conclusion. Transformation processes in the system of training of
military specialists with higher education at the present time should
be aimed at implementation of the requirements of the basic legal
documents on the security and defense policy of the state, at introduction
of the didactic basis in the system of officers training, inherent in the
military educational systems of the leading NATO countries. Perspective
directions for further research: assessment of the effectiveness of
implemented didactic innovations; military-economic calculations and
substantiation; analysis of the activities of graduates of university in
the army, joint exercises with the military of NATO countries and
during hostilities.
Key words: military education, didactic system, training of military
specialists, transformation, content of education, technology, control,
monitoring.
Marketing Product Pricing as an Element of the Competitiveness of Enterprises
Authors: Baranyk Zoya , Reznichenko Anastasia , Buksina Inna , Titov Vldislav , Artemenko Antoninа
Published: August 2023

The purpose of the article is to develop marketing pricing for enterprise
products and its impact on the quality and competitiveness of enterprises, as well
as research on the level of competitiveness of enterprises and their investment
attractiveness. Research methodology is based on the use of methods of analysis and synthesis, the method of observation, methods of induction and deduction,
methods of comparison and analogy, graphic, logical methods.
The methodological basis of the study was the methods of analysis, synthesis
and observation, which provided an opportunity to actualize the main problems of
the development of the public administration system today.
The scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in the substantiated role of
marketing pricing of the enterprise and the proposal of ways of its improvement.
Pricing methods were analyzed, and a comprehensive system of information support
for the marketing pricing process was investigated. The functions of analysis of
marketing pricing and types of price planning are considered. Directions for
improving methodical approaches to price calculation, its adjustment to the existing
economic situation, and further development of the state’s economy are shown.
Conclusions. marketing pricing is the art of price management and pricing,
the art of setting such prices for goods (services) and varying them depending on
the product’s position on the market, so that the set goals are achieved and the
company receives income from it. The enterprise’s marketing pricing is designed
to ensure the conditions for achieving its strategic goals and objectives and to
outline pricing principles, methods of determining the basic level of prices,
conditions and dimensions of their differentiation and adjustment.
Key words: marketing pricing, ways of improvement, pricing methods, information
support system, price planning, price calculation, competitiveness.
О ГЕРМАНСКОЙ ЭКСПАНСИОНИСТСКОЙ ЛАТИНИЗАЦИИ БЕЛОРУССКОГО ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОГО ПРОСТРАНСТВА В ГОДЫ ПЕРВОЙ МИРОВОЙ ВОЙНЫ: «НАРОДНЫЙ» УЧЕБНИК ПРОФЕССОРА РУДОЛЬФА АБИХТА
Authors: Лабынцев Юрий Андреевич
Published: August 2023

Аннотация. К началу ХХ столетия во многих геополитических теориях и представлениях всех уровней рассматривались вопросы больших изменений в ближайшем будущем на политической карте Европы. Тогда же выкристаллизовалась известная концепция Mitteleuropa, весьма разно трактуемая уже на первом этапе появления, будоражащая умы по сей день. Первая мировая война, захват германскими войсками огромных пространств на западе Российской империи сделали возможным появление на их части отдельной оккупационной зоны «Das Land Ober Ost», при создании которой руководствовались как военно-стратегическими, так и политико-социальными идеями высшего армейского командования, в том числе его видами на латинизацию белорусского культурно-религиозного пространства, включая школьное дело. Именно тогда и был подготовлен и издан в 1918 г. в Бреславле (Вроцлаве) профессором Бреславльского университета пастором Рудольфом Абихтом (1850–1921) реформаторский латинографичный учебник белорусского языка, который виделся автору, по сути, общенародным, способным в условиях «германских побед» предоставить белорусам возможность «освободиться от пут… русского письма».
Abstract. By the beginning of the twentieth century, many geopolitical theories and views at all levels considered the issues of major changes in the near future on the political map of Europe. At the same time, the well-known concept of Mitteleuropa crystallized, very diverse already at the first stage of its appearance, exciting minds to this day. The First World War, the seizure by German troops of vast spaces in the west of the Russian Empire made it possible for a separate occupation zone «Das Land Ober Ost» to appear on their part, during the creation of which they were guided by both military-strategic and political-social ideas of the supreme army command, including its views on the romanization of the Belarusian cultural and religious space, including school business. It was then that the reformatory Latin textbook of the Belarusian language was prepared and published in 1918 in Breslau (Wroclaw) by professor of the Breslau University, Pastor Rudolf Abicht (1850–1921), which the author saw as essentially nationwide, contributing to the conditions of «German victories» to provide Belarusians with the opportunity to «free themselves from the fetters of... Russian writing».
«СВЯТИТЕЛЬ НИКОЛАЙ. ЯРОСЛАВСКОЕ НАСЛЕДИЕ»: НАУЧНО-ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЙ И ПРОСВЕТИТЕЛЬСКИЙ ПРОЕКТ
Authors: Марасанова Виктория Михайловна
Published: August 2023

Аннотация. В статье дается характеристика этапов развития проекта «Святитель Николай. Ярославское наследие» с 2016 г. В рамках проекта ведутся научные исследования и развиваются практики государственно-общественного партнерства в изучении и сохранении историко-культурного наследия.
Abstract. The article describes the stages of development of the project «St. Nicholas. Yaroslavl heritage» since 2016. Within the framework of the project, scientific research is being carried out and practices of state-public partnership in the study and preservation of historical and cultural heritage are being developed.
ПРАВОСЛАВИЕ В КАРГОПОЛЬЕ: 30 ЛЕТ СПУСТЯ
Authors: Мелехова Галина Николаевна
Published: August 2023

Аннотация. В статье рассматриваются православные традиции в приходах Каргопольского р-на Архангельской обл., которые были зафиксированы с середины 1990-х – начала 2000-х годов. Анализируются произошедшие за 30 лет изменения в православной топографии и в приходской жизни: построено и восстановлено не менее 7 часовен, заново построено 3 храма, четвертый – в стадии строительства, отремонтировано 4 храма. Но экстенсивный период развития приходов закончился. Есть и утраты: у деревянного храма в д. Хотеново обрушилось два шатра (храм ныне находится в стадии ремонта по общероссийской инициативе); сгорели шатровые храм XVII в. и колокольня знаменитого ансамбля в Лядинах. Тем не менее православная топография остается достаточно насыщенной. Серьезной проблемой приходов остается острая нехватка священников, которые направляли бы деятельность общин. Вне внимания духовенства остаются сложности во внутриприходских отношениях, связанные с невыполнением уставных требований при функционировании прихода, невниманием к отдельным направлениям его деятельности. Становление общин как союзов единомышленников и духовного родства, укрепление внутриприходских связей остается актуальной задачей.
Abstract. The article examines Orthodox traditions, which have been recorded in the parishes of the Kargopol district of the Arkhangelsk region since the late 1990s – early 2000s. The changes that have taken place over 30 years in Orthodox topography and in parish life are analyzed. Over the years, at least 7 chapels have been built and restored, 3 churches have been rebuilt, the 4th is under construction, 4 churches have been repaired. The extensive period of parish development is over. There are also losses: a number of tented roofs of the wooden temple in the village of Khotenovo collapsed (the temple is now under repair on an all-Russian initiative); the tent-like temple and the bell tower of the famous ensemble in Lyadiny burned down. A serious problem for parishes is the acute shortage of priests who would direct parish activities. Difficulties in intra-parish relations, which are associated with non-fulfillment of statutory requirements in the functioning of the parish, with a lack of attention to certain areas of its activity, do not get the attention of the clergy. The formation of communities as unions of like-minded people and spiritual kinship, strengthening intra- and inter-parish ties remain an important task.
Pharmacokinetics of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol following acute cannabis smoke exposure in mice; effects of sex, age, and strain
Authors: Gazarov Emely A. , Zequeira Sabrina , Senetra Alexandria S. , Howard John , Sharma Abhisheak , McCurdy Christopher R. , Lewis Jada , Bizon Jennifer L. , Setlow Barry
Published: August 2023

Increased use of cannabis and cannabinoids for recreational and medical purposes has led to a growth in research on their effects in animal models. The majority of this work has employed cannabinoid injections; however, smoking remains the most common route of cannabis consumption. To better model real-world cannabis use, we exposed mice to cannabis smoke to establish the pharmacokinetics of Δ9THC and its metabolites in plasma and brain. To determine the time course of Δ9THC and two major metabolites [11-hydroxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-THC) and 11-nor-9-carboxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-COOH-THC)], male and female C57BL/6J mice were exposed to smoke from sequentially burning 5 cannabis cigarettes. Following smoke exposure, trunk blood and brains were collected at 6 time points (10–240 min). Plasma and brain homogenates were analyzed for Δ9THC and metabolites using a validated ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. To assess effects of age, sex, and mouse strain, we exposed mice of four strains (C57BL/6J, FVB, Swiss Webster, and 129S6/SvEv, aged 4–24 months) to cannabis using the same smoke regimen. Samples were collected 10 and 40 min following exposure. Lastly, to assess effects of dose, C57BL/6J mice were exposed to smoke from burning 3 or 5 cannabis cigarettes, with samples collected 40 min following exposure. The pharmacokinetic study revealed that maximum plasma Δ9THC concentrations (Cmax) were achieved at 10 and 40 min for males and females, respectively, while Cmax for brain Δ9THC was observed at 20 and 40 min for males and females, respectively. There were no age or strain differences in plasma Δ9THC concentrations at 10 or 40 min; however, 129S6/SvEv mice had significantly higher brain Δ9THC concentrations than FVB mice. Additionally, 3 cigarettes produced significantly lower plasma 11-COOH-THC concentrations compared to 5 cigarettes, although dose differences were not evident in plasma or brain concentrations of Δ9THC or 11-OH-THC. Across all experiments, females had higher levels of 11-COOH-THC in plasma compared to males. The results reveal robust sex differences in Δ9THC pharmacokinetics, and lay the groundwork for future studies using mice to model the pharmacodynamics of smoked cannabis.
The Hatching Time of Broiler Chickens Modifies Not Only the Production Traits but Also the Early Bacteriota Development of the Ceca
Authors: Such Nikoletta , Schermann Kornél , Pál László , Menyhárt László , Farkas Valéria , Csitári Gábor , Kiss Brigitta , Tewelde Kesete Goitom , Dublecz Károly
Published: August 2023

This trial was carried out to find out the effects of the parent flock and hatching time of broiler chickens on the production traits and bacteriota development of animals. Two sets of 730 hatching eggs were collected from two different parent flocks with ages of 25 and 50 weeks. In the hatchery, both groups were divided into two subgroups: those hatched during the first 10 and the subsequent 10 h of the hatching window. A feeding trial was carried out afterwards, using the four treatments in six replicate floor pens and feeding commercial starter, grower, and finisher diets that contained all the nutrients according to the breeder’s recommendations. The day-old chickens of the older parent flock and those hatched later were heavier, and this advantage remained until the end of the production period. The different ages and origins of the parent flocks failed to modify the microbiological parameters of the chicken’s ceca; however, the hatching time significantly influenced the different bacteriota diversity indices: the late-hatched chickens showed higher Bacteroidetes and lower Firmicutes and Actinobacteria abundances at day 11. These treatments resulted in differences in the main families, Ruminococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae, and Bacteroidaceae. These differences could not be found at day 39.
The Effects of Sodium Acetate on the Immune Functions of Peripheral Mononuclear Cells and Polymorphonuclear Granulocytes in Postpartum Dairy Cows
Authors: Yuan Cong , Tan Dejin , Meng Zitong , Jiang Maocheng , Lin Miao , Zhao Guoqi , Zhan Kang
Published: August 2023

Excessive lipid mobilization will snatch cell membrane lipids in postpartum dairy cows, which may impair the function of immune cells, including peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMNs). Acetate, as a precursor and the energy source of milk fat synthesis, plays a key role in lipid synthesis and the energy supply of dairy cows. However, there is little information about the effect of sodium acetate (NaAc) on the immune function of PBMC and PMN in postpartum dairy cows. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of NaAc on the immune functions of PBMCs and PMNs in postpartum dairy cows. In this experiment, twenty-four postpartum multiparous Holstein cows were randomly selected and divided into a NaAc treatment group and a control group. Our results demonstrated that the dietary addition of NaAc increased (p < 0.05) the number of monocytes and the monocyte ratio, suggesting that these postpartum cows fed with NaAc may have better immunity. These expressions of genes (LAP, XBP1, and TAP) involved in the antimicrobial activity in PBMCs were elevated (p < 0.05), suggesting that postpartum dairy cows supplemented with NaAc had the ability of antimicrobial activity. In addition, the mRNA expression of the monocarboxylate transporters MCT1 and MCT4 in PBMCs was increased (p < 0.05) in diets supplemented with NaAc in comparison to the control. Notably, the expression of the XBP1 gene related to antimicrobial activity in PMN was upregulated with the addition of NaAc. The mRNA expression of genes (TLN1, ITGB2, and SELL) involved in adhesion was profoundly increased (p < 0.05) in the NaAc groups. In conclusion, our study provided a novel resolution strategy in which the use of NaAc can contribute to immunity in postpartum dairy cows by enhancing the ability of antimicrobial and adhesion in PBMCs and PMNs.
Effects of Microorganisms on Growth Performance, Body Composition, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Intestinal Bacteria Flora and Antimicrobial Peptide (AMP) Content of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens)
Authors: Meng Yongqi , Zhang Xiuxia , Zhang Zelong , Li Jiajun , Zheng Peihua , Li Juntao , Xu Jiarui , Xian Jianan , Lu Yaopeng
Published: August 2023

Escherichia coli (EC), Staphylococcus aureus (SA), Bacillus subtilis (BS), Rhodopseudomonas palustris (RP), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) and Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) were selected as feed additives for black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) by tracking the growth performance, proximate composition, digestive ability and antibacterial peptides (AMPs) content in the first trial. Microorganism efficiency screening results showed that RP could improve growth performance, digestive ability and AMP content of H. illucens. Therefore, RP was selected to prepare the diets and was incorporated into diets for H. illucens at levels of 0 (R0), 1.22 × 106 (R1), 1.22 × 107 (R2), 1.22 × 108 (R3), 1.22 × 109 (R4) and 1.22 × 1010 (R5) CFU/g. After 5 d of feeding, larvae fed the R2-R5 diets had higher weight gain and specific growth rates. Different concentrations of RP had no significant effect on larval body composition. R4–R5 could improve the digestibility and expression of AMPs in larvae. Moreover, RP could significantly increase the abundance of Lactobacillus and Rhodopseudomonas and decrease the abundance of Proteus and Corynebacterium. Therefore, RP is superior to the other strains as a feed additive for H. illucens larvae, and we recommend the addition of 1.22 × 109–1.22 × 1010 CFU/g RP to promote the growth and AMP content of H. illucens.
Evaluating Fermentation Quality, Aerobic Stability, and Rumen-Degradation (In Situ) Characteristics of Various Protein-Based Total Mixed Rations
Authors: Rehemujiang Halidai , Yusuf Hassan Ali , Ma Tao , Diao Qiyu , Kong Luxin , Kang Lingyun , Tu Yan
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate changes in fermentation quality, chemical composition, aerobic stability, anti-nutritional factors, and in situ disappearance characteristics of various protein-based total mixed rations. Soybean meal (control, non-fermented), fermented cottonseed meal (F-CSM), and fermented rapeseed meal (F-RSM) group were used to prepare the TMRs with corn, whole-plant corn silage, corn stalks, wheat bran, and premix. The test groups were inoculated at 50% moisture with Bacillus clausii and Saccharomyces cariocanus and stored aerobically for 60 h. The nylon-bag method was used to measure and study the rumen’s nutrient degradation. The pH of all TMRs after 48 h of air exposure was below 4.8, whereas that of the F-CSM and control and F-RSM groups increased to 5.0 and >7.0, respectively. After 8 h of aerobic exposure, the temperatures of all groups significantly increased, and 56 h later, they were 2 °C higher than the surrounding air. The lactic acid concentration in the F-CSM and F-RSM groups increased after 12 h of aerobic exposure and then decreased. The acetic acid concentrations in the fermented groups decreased significantly with the increasing air-exposure time. The yeast population of the TMRs increased to more than 8.0 log10 CFU/g before 72 h of air exposure, followed by a decrease in the population (5.0 log10 CFU/g). After fermentation, the free gossypol (FG) concentration in F-CSM decreased by half and did not change significantly during the air-exposure period. Fermentation with probiotics also reduced the F-RSM’s glucosinolate concentration, resulting in a more than 50% detoxification rate. Compared with the F-CSM and F-RSM groups, the effective degradation rates of nutrients in the control group were the lowest, and the dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), natural detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) all degraded effectively at rates of 28.4%, 34.5%, 27.8%, and 22.8%, respectively. Fermentation with B. clausii and S. cariocanus could improve the fermentation quality and nutrient composition, decrease the anti-nutritional factor, and increase nutrient degradation of the TMR with cottonseed meal or rapeseed meal as the main protein source, thus achieving detoxification.
The Effects of Ethanol and Acetic acid on Behaviour of Extranidal Workers of the Narrow-Headed Ant Formica exsecta (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) during a Field Experiment
Authors: Korczyńska Julita , Szczuka Anna , Urzykowska Julia , Kochanowski Michał , Andrzejczyk Neptun Gabriela , Piwowarek Kacper Jerzy , Godzińska Ewa Joanna
Published: August 2023

Ethanol addiction belongs to the most important problems encountered in the domain of human mental health. The research on the behavioural effects of exposure to/consumption of ethanol are investigated largely with the help of animal models that also include insects, mainly fruit flies and honeybees. The effects of ethanol on ant behaviour remain, however, little known. In the present field study, we investigated the behaviour of workers of the narrow-headed ant (Formica exsecta) displayed in the vicinity of cotton pads soaked in water or in water solutions of ethanol or acetic acid during 5 min tests (n = 30 tests in each group). Both ethanol and acetic acid induced significant modifications of ant locomotion, exploratory behaviour, self-grooming behaviour, and aggressive social behaviour. We confirmed that acetic acid is aversive for the ants, but ethanol enhances their exploratory behaviour. We also found out that field studies may document more types of responses to experimental compounds than laboratory ones, as the tested animals may also escape from aversive substances. Our findings documented a wide spectrum of behavioural effects of exposure to ethanol and acetic acid in a highly social animal species and broadened the general knowledge about behavioural responses to these compounds encountered in animals.
Analytical Solution for One-Dimensional Gas Pressure Distribution Considering the Variation of Gas Permeability Coefficients with Burial Depth
Authors: Yu Jing , He Haijie , Liu Junding , Yang Jie , Xu Ke , Chen Guannian , Wu Tao
Published: August 2023

Landfill gas generated by municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills is the world’s third largest source of greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, the accumulation of landfill gas in waste piles can trigger instability in landfill piles. Based on the exponential distribution pattern of the variation of gas permeability coefficients with burial depth measured in situ, this paper presents an analytical solution for landfill gas-pressure distribution that is more in line with on-site conditions and has been verified by numerical calculations. Compared with cases where the gas permeability coefficient of landfill piles remains constant, the consideration that the gas permeability coefficient of MSW decreases exponentially with increasing burial depth is more likely to cause the accumulation of landfill gas at the landfill bottom, leading to higher gas pressure that can be more than five times higher than that in the former case. Based on a numerical analysis of gas extraction simulations, constant pressure gas extraction is relatively more effective in that a relative pressure of −0.1 kPa can lower the gas pressure in almost the entire pile, while bottom drainage fails to completely collect landfill gas even using a flux of 10–30 times ML.