bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the dusty star-formation in the early Universe using intensity mapping
Authors: Lagache Guilaine
Published: May 2018

In the last decade, it has become clear that the dust-enshrouded star formation contributes significantly to early galaxy evolution. Detection of dust is therefore essential in determining the properties of galaxies in the high-redshift universe. This requires observations at the (sub-)millimeter wavelengths. Unfortunately, sensitivity and background confusion of single dish observations on the one hand, and mapping efficiency of interferometers on the other hand, pose unique challenges to observers. One promising route to overcome these difficulties is intensity mapping of fluctuations which exploits the confusion-limited regime and measures the collective light emission from all sources, including unresolved faint galaxies. We discuss in this contribution how 2D and 3D intensity mapping can measure the dusty star formation at high redshift, through the Cosmic Infrared Background (2D) and [CII] fine structure transition (3D) anisotropies.
Observing the high redshift Universe with Euclid
Authors: Laureijs René
Published: May 2018

Euclid enables the exploration of large sky areas with diffraction limited resolution in the optical and near-infrared, and is sensitive enough to detect targets at cosmological distances. This combination of capabilities gives Euclid a clear advantage over telescope facilities with larger apertures, both on ground and in space. The decision to mount in the NISP instrument one extra grism for the wavelength range 0.92-1.3 μm with a spectral resolution of R ≈260 makes possible a rest-frame UV survey of the early Universe in the redshift range 6.5 < z < 9.7. Euclid’s standard imaging with VIS in the 0.55-0.9 μm band and with NISP in the Y, J, H bands provide complementary photometry for further target identification and characterization. Euclid is a suitable facility to discover and map the spatial distribution of rare high-redshift targets and to collect statistically relevant samples, in particular of high redshift Lyα emitters and QSOs, which can be used as signposts of the cosmic structures. The Euclid surveys are also a starting point for deeper follow up observations of the individual high-z objects. We present the Euclid mission and discuss the detectability of high-z objects to probe the epoch of ionization.
EoR Foregrounds: the Faint Extragalactic Radio Sky
Authors: Prandoni Isabella
Published: May 2018

A wealth of new data from upgraded and new radio interferometers are rapidly improving and transforming our understanding of the faint extra-galactic radio sky. Indeed the mounting statistics at sub-mJy and μJy flux levels is finally allowing us to get stringent observational constraints on the faint radio population and on the modeling of its various components. In this paper I will provide a brief overview of the latest results in areas that are potentially important for an accurate treatment of extra-galactic foregrounds in experiments designed to probe the Epoch of Reionization.
Galactic foreground science: Faraday Tomography at low frequencies
Authors: Haverkorn Marijke
Published: May 2018

This contribution describes how low-frequency radio-spectropolarimetric imaging as done for Epoch of Reionization detection is used to investigate the nearby Galactic interstellar medium. The method of Faraday Tomography allows disentangling of every line of sight into various components in Faraday depth, which is a proxy for density-weighted magnetic field. I discuss instrumental biases and side effects of this method, and early results it has yielded.
Spectral Moments in Cyclostratigraphy: Advantages and Disadvantages Compared to More Classic Approaches
Authors: Sinnesael Matthias , Zivanovic Miroslav , De Vleeschouwer David , Claeys Philippe
Published: May 2018

Cyclostratigraphic analyses rely on techniques that trace astronomical components in paleoclimate signals. These techniques have demonstrated their value but rely on certain assumptions on the presence and quality of the astronomical imprint. Here we explore a new conceptual approach to time series analysis. Specifically, we evaluate the potential of spectral moments to characterize the full spectral characteristics of a record and thus not only the frequency ranges of interpreted astronomical components. Mathematically speaking, moments are unique quantities describing a specific set of points. In the case of spectral moments, we apply the concept of moments on the distribution of spectral power in a signal's periodogram. We present four case studies that illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of the spectral moment approach in gaining insight in the (astronomical) features of a particular data record. We discuss the effects of outliers in a series, variable sedimentation rate, and changing climate dynamics on the spectral moments of a power spectrum. At the same time, we carry out a sedimentation rate reconstruction based on the spectral moment approach and compare that reconstruction to results obtained through classic approaches. Compared to classic approaches, the spectral moments approach is robust and requires less strict assumptions to obtain similar first‐order information. Yet such assumptions are still necessary to achieve more precise sedimentation rate reconstructions. In summary, we show that the spectral moments approach is suitable to obtain first‐order insights in variable components embedded in a depth series.
Global Water Clarity: Continuing a Century-Long Monitoring
Authors: Lee Zhongping , Arnone Robert , Boyce Daniel , Franz Bryan , Greb Steve , Hu Chuanmin , Lavender Samantha , Lewis Marlon , Schaeffer Blake , Shang Shaoling , Wang Menghua , Wernand Marcel , Wilson Cara
Published: May 2018

An approach that combines field observations and satellite inferences of Secchi depth could transform how we assess water clarity across the globe and pinpoint key changes over the past century.
Updated SABER Night Atomic Oxygen and Implications for SABER Ozone and Atomic Hydrogen
Authors: Mlynczak Martin G. , Hunt Linda A. , Russell James M. , Marshall B. Thomas
Published: May 2018

Updated night atomic oxygen concentration (O) profiles from the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration TIMED satellite are presented. These are derived from measurements of the OH(υ = 9 + 8) volume emission rates and photochemical balance relationships. The new night O concentrations are smaller than those originally derived in 2013 and yield physically realistic global annual mean energy budgets in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere. The update to the night O atom profiles is motivated by recent discovery and verification of large rates of collisional quenching of OH(υ) by atomic oxygen. The kinetic model relating the SABER‐observed OH emission rates to atomic oxygen is now consistent with these larger quenching rates and other literature values. The new, smaller SABER night O also confirms that SABER daytime ozone is too large. The new night O and OH(υ) model impacts the inference of day and night atomic hydrogen.
Radial Transport of Higher‐Energy Oxygen Ions Into the Deep Inner Magnetosphere Observed by Van Allen Probes
Authors: Mitani K. , Seki K. , Keika K. , Gkioulidou M. , Lanzerotti L. J. , Mitchell D. G. , Kletzing C. A.
Published: May 2018

The transport mechanism of the ring current ions differs among ion energies. Lower‐energy (≲150 keV) ions are well known to be transported convectively. Higher‐energy (≳150 keV) protons are reported to be transported diffusively, while there are few reports about transport of higher‐energy oxygen ions. We report the radial transport of higher‐energy oxygen ions into the deep inner magnetosphere during the late main phase of the magnetic storm on 23–25 April 2013 observed by the Van Allen Probes spacecraft. An enhancement of 1–100 mHz magnetic fluctuations is simultaneously observed. Observations of 3 and 30 mHz geomagnetic pulsations indicate the azimuthal mode number is ≤10. The fluctuations can resonate with the drift and bounce motions of the oxygen ions. The results suggest that the combination of the drift and drift‐bounce resonances is responsible for the radial transport of higher‐energy oxygen ions.
Changes in the Shadow: The Shifting Role of Shaded Leaves in Global Carbon and Water Cycles Under Climate Change
Authors: He Liming , Chen Jing M. , Gonsamo Alemu , Luo Xiangzhong , Wang Rong , Liu Yang , Liu Ronggao
Published: May 2018

Globally shaded leaves contribute to more than a half of the total increase in gross primary production (GPP; 7.6 Pg C) for 1982–2016. During 1982–2016, the fraction of shaded GPP increases by 1.1% (p < 0.01) in tropical forests and decreases by 1.4% (p < 0.01) and 1.8% (p < 0.01) in evergreen needleleaf and deciduous needleleaf boreal forests, respectively, suggesting an ecological niche of certain canopy structure for ecosystems to achieve maximum GPP. Unlike transpiration from sunlit leaves that has a turning point in the trend in 2003, global transpiration from shaded leaves steadily increased at the rate of 34 km3/year (p < 0.0001) during 1982–2016. Our study therefore suggests that shaded leaves have an increasing role in buffering the adverse impact of climate change and extremes. Further studies are still needed to reduce the uncertainties in reported trends arisen from climate forcing data, leaf area index, and land cover and land change products.
High‐Energy Emissions Induced by Air Density Fluctuations of Discharges
Authors: Köhn C. , Chanrion O. , Neubert T.
Published: May 2018

Bursts of X‐rays and γ‐rays are observed from lightning and laboratory sparks. They are bremsstrahlung from energetic electrons interacting with neutral air molecules, but it is still unclear how the electrons achieve the required energies. It has been proposed that the enhanced electric field of streamers, found in the corona of leader tips, may account for the acceleration; however, their efficiency is questioned because of the relatively low production rate found in simulations. Here we emphasize that streamers usually are simulated with the assumption of homogeneous gas, which may not be the case on the small temporal and spatial scales of discharges. Since the streamer properties strongly depend on the reduced electric field E/n, where n is the neutral number density, fluctuations may potentially have a significant effect. To explore what might be expected if the assumption of homogeneity is relaxed, we conducted simple numerical experiments based on simulations of streamers in a neutral gas with a radial gradient in the neutral density, assumed to be created, for instance, by a previous spark. We also studied the effects of background electron density from previous discharges. We find that X‐radiation and γ‐radiation are enhanced when the on‐axis air density is reduced by more than ∼25%. Pre‐ionization tends to reduce the streamer field and thereby the production rate of high‐energy electrons; however, the reduction is modest. The simulations suggest that fluctuations in the neutral densities, on the temporal and spacial scales of streamers, may be important for electron acceleration and bremsstrahlung radiation.
Electron‐Scale Measurements of Dipolarization Front
Authors: Liu C. M. , Fu H. S. , Xu Y. , Khotyaintsev Y. V. , Burch J. L. , Ergun R. E. , Gershman D. G. , Torbert R. B.
Published: May 2018

Dipolarization front (DF)—a sharp boundary with scale of ion inertial length (c/ωpi) in the Earth's magnetotail—can also have fine structures at electron scale (c/ωpe). Such electron‐scale structures, determining the local energy conversion, have not been revealed by multispacecraft observations so far, due to the large separation of spacecraft in previous studies. Here we report the first electron‐scale multispacecraft measurements of DF, using data from the recent Magnetospheric Multiscale mission. We find strong parallel currents only in the high‐density side of the DF but strong perpendicular currents across the whole DF. We find no parallel electric fields during the DF interval. Although DF is primarily an energy‐load region (E·J > 0), the electron‐scale currents could lead to a localized energy generation (E·J < 0). Such features are different from those reported in previous multispacecraft studies, where the currents, electric fields, and energy conversion are uniform across the DF; they also shed lights on the study of substorm current wedge, which is crucial in the magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling.
Structural basis of actin monomer re-charging by cyclase-associated protein
Authors: Kotila Tommi , Kogan Konstantin , Enkavi Giray , Guo Siyang , Vattulainen Ilpo , Goode Bruce L. , Lappalainen Pekka
Published: May 2018

Actin polymerization powers key cellular processes, including motility, morphogenesis, and endocytosis. The actin turnover cycle depends critically on “re-charging” of ADP-actin monomers with ATP, but whether this reaction requires dedicated proteins in cells, and the underlying mechanism, have remained elusive. Here we report that nucleotide exchange catalyzed by the ubiquitous cytoskeletal regulator cyclase-associated protein (CAP) is critical for actin-based processes in vivo. We determine the structure of the CAP–actin complex, which reveals that nucleotide exchange occurs in a compact, sandwich-like complex formed between the dimeric actin-binding domain of CAP and two ADP-actin monomers. In the crystal structure, the C-terminal tail of CAP associates with the nucleotide-sensing region of actin, and this interaction is required for rapid re-charging of actin by both yeast and mammalian CAPs. These data uncover the conserved structural basis and biological role of protein-catalyzed re-charging of actin monomers.
Cyclin K regulates prereplicative complex assembly to promote mammalian cell proliferation
Authors: Lei Tingjun , Zhang Peixuan , Zhang Xudong , Xiao Xue , Zhang Jingli , Qiu Tong , Dai Qian , Zhang Yujun , Min Ling , Li Qian , Yin Rutie , Ding Ping , Li Ni , Qu Yi , Mu Dezhi , Qin Jun , Zhu Xiaofeng , Xiao Zhi-Xiong , Li Qintong
Published: May 2018

The assembly of prereplicative complex (pre-RC) during G1 phase must be tightly controlled to sustain cell proliferation and maintain genomic stability. Mechanisms to prevent pre-RC formation in G2/M and S phases are well appreciated, whereas how cells ensure efficient pre-RC assembly during G1 is less clear. Here we report that cyclin K regulates pre-RC formation. We find that cyclin K expression positively correlates with cell proliferation, and knockdown of cyclin K or its cognate kinase CDK12 prevents the assembly of pre-RC in G1 phase. Mechanistically we uncover that cyclin K promotes pre-RC assembly by restricting cyclin E1 activity in G1. We identify a cyclin K-dependent, novel phosphorylation site in cyclin E1 that disrupts its interaction with CDK2. Importantly, this antagonistic relationship is largely recapitulated in cyclin E1-overexpressing tumors. We discuss the implications of our findings in light of recent reports linking cyclin K and CDK12 to human tumorigenesis.
Frequent pauses in Escherichia coli flagella elongation revealed by single cell real-time fluorescence imaging
Authors: Zhao Ziyi , Zhao Yifan , Zhuang Xiang-Yu , Lo Wei-Chang , Baker Matthew A. B. , Lo Chien-Jung , Bai Fan
Published: May 2018

The bacterial flagellum is a large extracellular protein organelle that extrudes from the cell surface. The flagellar filament is assembled from tens of thousands of flagellin subunits that are exported through the flagellar type III secretion system. Here, we measure the growth of Escherichia coli flagella in real time and find that, although the growth rate displays large variations at similar lengths, it decays on average as flagella lengthen. By tracking single flagella, we show that the large variations in growth rate occur as a result of frequent pauses. Furthermore, different flagella on the same cell show variable growth rates with correlation. Our observations are consistent with an injection-diffusion model, and we propose that an insufficient cytoplasmic flagellin supply is responsible for the pauses in flagellar growth in E. coli.
Structural basis for the recognition of complex-type N-glycans by Endoglycosidase S
Authors: Trastoy Beatriz , Klontz Erik , Orwenyo Jared , Marina Alberto , Wang Lai-Xi , Sundberg Eric J. , Guerin Marcelo E.
Published: May 2018

Endoglycosidase S (EndoS) is a bacterial endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase that specifically catalyzes the hydrolysis of the β-1,4 linkage between the first two N-acetylglucosamine residues of the biantennary complex-type N-linked glycans of IgG Fc regions. It is used for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of homogeneously glycosylated antibodies with improved therapeutic properties, but the molecular basis for its substrate specificity is unknown. Here, we report the crystal structure of the full-length EndoS in complex with its oligosaccharide G2 product. The glycoside hydrolase domain contains two well-defined asymmetric grooves that accommodate the complex-type N-linked glycan antennae near the active site. Several loops shape the glycan binding site, thereby governing the strict substrate specificity of EndoS. Comparing the arrangement of these loops within EndoS and related endoglycosidases, reveals distinct-binding site architectures that correlate with the respective glycan specificities, providing a basis for the bioengineering of endoglycosidases to tailor the chemoenzymatic synthesis of monoclonal antibodies.
Belief state representation in the dopamine system
Authors: Babayan Benedicte M. , Uchida Naoshige , Gershman Samuel. J.
Published: May 2018

Learning to predict future outcomes is critical for driving appropriate behaviors. Reinforcement learning (RL) models have successfully accounted for such learning, relying on reward prediction errors (RPEs) signaled by midbrain dopamine neurons. It has been proposed that when sensory data provide only ambiguous information about which state an animal is in, it can predict reward based on a set of probabilities assigned to hypothetical states (called the belief state). Here we examine how dopamine RPEs and subsequent learning are regulated under state uncertainty. Mice are first trained in a task with two potential states defined by different reward amounts. During testing, intermediate-sized rewards are given in rare trials. Dopamine activity is a non-monotonic function of reward size, consistent with RL models operating on belief states. Furthermore, the magnitude of dopamine responses quantitatively predicts changes in behavior. These results establish the critical role of state inference in RL.
Simulated microgravity attenuates myogenic differentiation via epigenetic regulations
Authors: Furukawa Takuma , Tanimoto Keiji , Fukazawa Takahiro , Imura Takeshi , Kawahara Yumi , Yuge Louis
Published: May 2018

The molecular mechanisms involved in myogenic differentiation are relatively well-known. Myogenic differentiation is regulated by the sequential activation of the basic helix-loop-helix myogenic regulatory transcription factors (MRFs), and biomechanical signals play an important role in the regulation of myogenesis. In this study, we sought to determine whether simulated microgravity culture using Gravite® may affect myoblast differentiation and expression of MRF genes. Although rat myoblasts, L6 cells were differentiated to myotubes in an incubation period-dependent manner, myogenesis of L6 cells was significantly attenuated under simulated microgravity (10-3G) conditions. Real-time Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that expressions of Myog, Myf6, Mef2c, Des, and Ckm under 1 G conditions increase in an incubation period-dependent manner, and that Myod1 expression was specifically observed to increase transiently in the early phase. However, expressions of Myod1 and Myog were significantly inhibited under simulated microgravity conditions. To clarify the molecular mechanisms, L6 cells were treated with 5-AzaC, and further incubated with differentiation medium under 1 G or 10−3 G conditions. The results showed differences in expression levels of Myod1, Myog, and, as well as those of myotube thickness between 1 G and 10−3 G conditions, completely disappeared in this experimental condition. Modified HpaII tiny fragment enrichment by ligation-mediated PCR (HELP)-assay showed that kinetic changes of DNA methylation status were attenuated in simulated microgravity conditions. These results indicate that microgravity regulates myogenesis and Myod1 expression by controlling DNA methylation.
Robust quantum sensing with strongly interacting probe systems
Authors: Dooley Shane , Hanks Michael , Nakayama Shojun , Munro William J. , Nemoto Kae
Published: May 2018

In the field of quantum metrology and sensing, a collection of quantum systems (e.g., spins) are used as a probe to estimate some physical parameter (e.g., magnetic field). It is usually assumed that there are no interactions between the probe systems. We show that strong interactions between them can increase robustness against thermal noise, leading to enhanced sensitivity. In principle, the sensitivity can scale exponentially in the number of probes—even at non-zero temperatures—if there are long-range interactions. This scheme can also be combined with other techniques, such as dynamical decoupling, to give enhanced sensitivity in realistic experiments.
Automatic anatomical classification of esophagogastroduodenoscopy images using deep convolutional neural networks
Authors: Takiyama Hirotoshi , Ozawa Tsuyoshi , Ishihara Soichiro , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro , Shichijo Satoki , Nomura Shuhei , Miura Motoi , Tada Tomohiro
Published: May 2018

The use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) has dramatically advanced our ability to recognize images with machine learning methods. We aimed to construct a CNN that could recognize the anatomical location of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) images in an appropriate manner. A CNN-based diagnostic program was constructed based on GoogLeNet architecture, and was trained with 27,335 EGD images that were categorized into four major anatomical locations (larynx, esophagus, stomach and duodenum) and three subsequent sub-classifications for stomach images (upper, middle, and lower regions). The performance of the CNN was evaluated in an independent validation set of 17,081 EGD images by drawing receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves and calculating the area under the curves (AUCs). ROC curves showed high performance of the trained CNN to classify the anatomical location of EGD images with AUCs of 1.00 for larynx and esophagus images, and 0.99 for stomach and duodenum images. Furthermore, the trained CNN could recognize specific anatomical locations within the stomach, with AUCs of 0.99 for the upper, middle, and lower stomach. In conclusion, the trained CNN showed robust performance in its ability to recognize the anatomical location of EGD images, highlighting its significant potential for future application as a computer-aided EGD diagnostic system.
Silver nanoparticles promote the emergence of heterogeneic human neutrophil sub-populations
Authors: Fraser Jennifer A. , Kemp Sadie , Young Lesley , Ross Mark , Prach Morag , Hutchison Gary R. , Malone Eva
Published: May 2018

Neutrophil surveillance is central to nanoparticle clearance. Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) have numerous uses, however conflicting evidence exists as to their impact on neutrophils and whether they trigger damaging inflammation. Neutrophil’s importance in innate defence and regulating immune networks mean it’s essential we understand AgNP’s impact on neutrophil function. Human neutrophil viability following AgNP or Ag Bulk treatment was analysed by flow cytometry and AnV/PI staining. Whilst AgNP exposure did not increase the total number of apoptotic neutrophils, the number of late apoptotic neutrophils was increased, suggesting AgNP increase transit through apoptosis. Mature (CD16bright/CD62Lbright), immature (CD16dim/CD62Lbright) and apoptotic (CD16dim/CD62Ldim) neutrophil populations were evident within isolated neutrophil preparations. AgNP exposure significantly reduced CD62L staining of CD16bright/CD62Lbrightneutrophils, and increased CD16 staining of CD16dim/CD62Lbrightpopulations, suggesting AgNPs trigger neutrophil activation and maturation, respectively. AgNP exposure dramatically increased IL-8, yet not classical pro-inflammatory cytokine release, suggesting AgNP triggers neutrophil activation, without pro-inflammation or damaging, necrotic cell death. For the first time, we show AgNPs differentially affect distinct sub-populations of circulating human neutrophils; activating mature neutrophils with the emergence of CD16bright/CD62Ldimneutrophils. This may stimulate particle clearance without harmful inflammation, challenging previous assumptions that silver nanomaterials induce neutrophil toxicity and damaging inflammatory responses.
Correlation between ultrasound-diagnosed non-alcoholic fatty liver and periodontal condition in a cross-sectional study in Japan
Authors: Iwasaki Takahiro , Hirose Akiko , Azuma Tetsuji , Ohashi Tamie , Watanabe Kazutoshi , Obora Akihiro , Deguchi Fumiko , Kojima Takao , Isozaki Atsunori , Tomofuji Takaaki
Published: May 2018

This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between periodontal condition and ultrasound-diagnosed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a Japanese oral health check population. A total of 1226 consecutive participant were enrolled in the study. Abdominal ultrasonography was applied to diagnose NAFLD. Of the study participants, 339 (27.7%) had ultrasonography-diagnosed NAFLD. The participants with NAFLD had a significantly higher prevalence of probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥ 4 mm (86.7%) than those without NAFLD (72.9%) (p < 0.05). After adjusting for gender, age, Brinkman index, regular exercise habits, body mass index, number of teeth present, presence of periodontitis, blood pressure, and serum parameters, there was a statistically significant difference in the adjusted odds ratios of having PPD ≥ 4 mm for NAFLD (Odds ratio = 1.881, 95% confidence interval 1.184–2.987, p < 0.01). Having PPD ≥ 4 mm may be a risk factor for ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD in this cross-sectional study of a Japanese oral health check population.
Segregation mediated heterogeneous structure in a metastable β titanium alloy with a superior combination of strength and ductility
Authors: Gao Junheng , Nutter John , Liu Xingguang , Guan Dikai , Huang Yuhe , Dye David , Rainforth W. Mark
Published: May 2018

In β titanium alloys, the β stabilizers segregate easily and considerable effort has been devoted to alleviate/eliminate the segregation. In this work, instead of addressing the segregation problems, the segregation was utilized to develop a novel microstructure consisting of a nanometre-grained duplex (α+β) structure and micrometre scale β phase with superior mechanical properties. An as-cast Ti-9Mo-6W alloy exhibited segregation of Mo and W at the tens of micrometre scale. This was subjected to cold rolling and flash annealing at 820 oC for 2 and 5 mins. The solidification segregation of Mo and W leads to a locally different microstructure after cold rolling (i.e., nanostructured β phase in the regions rich in Mo and W and plate-like martensite and β phase in regions relatively poor in Mo and W), which play a decisive role in the formation of the heterogeneous microstructure. Tensile tests showed that this alloy exhibited a superior combination of high yield strength (692 MPa), high tensile strength (1115 MPa), high work hardening rate and large uniform elongation (33.5%). More importantly, the new technique proposed in this work could be potentially applicable to other alloy systems with segregation problems.
Diagnostic value of ultrasound features and sex of fetuses in female patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma
Authors: Hou Chun-jie , Wei Ran , Tang Jing-lan , Hu Qiao-hong , He Hong-feng , Fan Xiao-ming
Published: May 2018

Little work has been done on the prediction of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma in female patients who have given birth to children, which may be different from other people. We performed a retrospective review of female patients who underwent thyroidectomy, aiming at identifying special predictors of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma in female patients who have given birth to children. Univariate analysis was used to identify potential covariates for the prediction of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors and construct a regression model based on a training cohort (246 patients) and then the regression model was validated using an independent cohort (80 patients). We found that having not more than one boy, taller-than-wide shape, poorly defined margin, marked hypoechogenicity, and microcalcification were independent risk factors for the papillary thyroid microcarcinoma in multivariate analyses. The combined predictive formula had a high predictive effect for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (AUC = 0.938 for training cohort and 0.929 for validation cohort, respectively). The combined predictive formula has clinical value in the prognosis of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and it may be simple and effective to ask fertility condition of patients to increase the US diagnosis accuracy of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.
Excited-state structural relaxation and exciton delocalization dynamics in linear and cyclic π-conjugated oligothiophenes
Authors: Park Kyu Hyung , Kim Woojae , Yang Jaesung , Kim Dongho
Published: May 2018

π-Conjugated oligothiophene is considered a chain segment of its polymeric counterpart with simper excited-state dynamics and spectral signatures.
Synthesis and spectroscopic properties of silver-fluorescein co-doped phosphotungstate hollow spheres
Authors: Wang Guan , Wang Yikun , Meng Ruru , Zhang Yangyang , Xing Yanmei , Xu Xiangxing , Niu Jingyang
Published: May 2018

Herein, silver-fluorescein co-doped phosphotungstate hollow spheres have been successfully synthesized using a chemical precipitation method by introducing silver ions and fluorescein at room temperature.
Linking structural properties with functionality in solar cell materials – the effective mass and effective density of states
Authors: Kirchartz Thomas , Rau Uwe
Published: May 2018

The paper critically examines the claim that low effective masses and a low effective density of states improve photovoltaic performance and discusses the conditions that affect the relation between basic properties of a band structure with photovoltaic functionality.
Transition metal oxide-based oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysts for energy conversion systems with aqueous electrolytes
Authors: Xue Yejian , Sun Shanshan , Wang Qin , Dong Zhenghao , Liu Zhaoping
Published: May 2018

This review concerning transition-metal-oxides-based electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in metal–air batteries will encourage the enthusiasm of researchers to develop efficient catalysts for power sources used in electric vehicles.
A new hollow fiber liquid/solid phase microextraction using Al2O3 nanoparticles as the adsorbent for extraction of ginsenosides from an oral liquid
Authors: He Yadan , Wei Yingqin , Sun Xinjie , Zhou Guowei , Zheng Juan
Published: May 2018

A new hollow fiber-liquid/solid phase microextraction for extraction of ginsenosides from a Chinese compound formula was established using Al2O3 nanoparticles as the adsorbent.
Tuning the molecular weight of polymeric amphiphiles as a tool to access micelles with a wide range of enzymatic degradation rates
Authors: Slor Gadi , Papo Nitsan , Hananel Uri , Amir Roey J.
Published: May 2018

Tuning the molecular weight of polymeric amphiphiles allows access to polymeric micelles with extremely diverse enzymatic degradation and disassembly rates.
The limits to biocatalysis: pushing the envelope
Authors: Sheldon Roger A. , Brady Dean
Published: May 2018

Biocatalysts have been supercharged through genetic and chemical modifications, expanding their capabilities.
Redox-active, pyrene-based pristine porous organic polymers for efficient energy storage with exceptional cyclic stability
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Sujoy , Singh Chanderpratap , Jash Priyajit , Hussain MD. Waseem , Paul Amit , Patra Abhijit
Published: May 2018

A pristine porous organic polymer with a polyaromatic core of pyrene and redox-active functionalities exhibits remarkable supercapacitor performance with long-term cyclic stability.
Late stage modifications of P-containing ligands using transition-metal-catalysed C–H bond functionalisation
Authors: Zhang Zhuan , Dixneuf Pierre H. , Soulé Jean-François
Published: May 2018

Recent advances in C–H bond functionalisation of phosphorus derivatives are presented, with a special attention to preparation of phosphine ligands.
A bioorthogonal turn-on fluorescent strategy for the detection of lysine acetyltransferase activity
Authors: He Maomao , Han Zhen , Qiao Jing , Ngo Liza , Xiong May P. , Zheng Y. George
Published: May 2018

Bioorthogonal labelling was applied to design “turn-on” fluorescent probes for sensitive and selective detection of histone acetyltransferase enzymatic activity in a simple mix-and-read manner.
Correction: Borinic acid catalysed peptide synthesis
Authors: Mohy El Dine Tharwat , Rouden Jacques , Blanchet Jérôme
Published: May 2018

Correction for ‘Borinic acid catalysed peptide synthesis’ by Tharwat Mohy El Dine et al., Chem. Commun., 2015, 51, 16084–16087.
One-step synthesis and assembly of spindle-shaped akaganéite nanoparticles via sonochemistry
Authors: Chen Weikun , Dai Pinqiang , Hong Chunfu , Zheng Chan , Wang Weiguo , Yan Xiaohui
Published: May 2018

We demonstrate a green method based on sonochemistry for large-scale production of akaganéite nanoparticles and assemblies in low cost.
Effect of halogen dopants on the properties of Li2O2: is chloride special?
Authors: Cortes Henry A. , Vildosola Verónica L. , Barral María Andrea , Corti Horacio R.
Published: May 2018

DFT calculations reveal that halogens do not form metallic states or extra polarons that would increase bulk conductivity, and do not behave like donor dopants.
Modelling the atomic arrangement of amorphous 2D silica: a network analysis
Authors: Roy Projesh Kumar , Heyde Markus , Heuer Andreas
Published: May 2018

The recent experimental discovery of a semi two-dimensional silica glass has offered a realistic description of the random network theory of a silica glass structure, initially discussed by Zachariasen.
Controlling factors of oligomerization at the water surface: why is isoprene such a unique VOC?
Authors: Ishizuka Shinnosuke , Fujii Tomihide , Matsugi Akira , Sakamoto Yosuke , Hama Tetsuya , Enami Shinichi
Published: May 2018

The interfacial oligomerization of isoprene is facilitated by the resonance stabilization through the formation of a tertiary carbocation with a conjugated CC bond pair, and electron enrichment induced by the neighboring methyl group.
Au36(SePh)24 nanomolecules: synthesis, optical spectroscopy and theoretical analysis
Authors: Rambukwella Milan , Chang Le , Ravishanker Anish , Fortunelli Alessandro , Stener Mauro , Dass Amala
Published: May 2018

Here, we report the synthesis of selenophenol (HSePh) protected Au36(SePh)24 nanomolecules via a ligand-exchange reaction of 4-tert-butylbenzenethiol (HSPh-tBu) protected Au36(SPh-tBu)24 with selenophenol, and its spectroscopic and theoretical analysis.
Electronic properties of Ag-doped ZnO: DFT hybrid functional study
Authors: Masoumi Saeed , Nadimi Ebrahim , Hossein-Babaei Faramarz
Published: May 2018

Studying the possibility of a p-type conduction mechanism in the Ag-doped ZnO can clarify persisting ambiguities in the related materials and devices.
A super-stretchable boron nanoribbon network
Authors: Wang Zhi-Qiang , Cheng Hao , Lü Tie-Yu , Wang Hui-Qiong , Feng Yuan Ping , Zheng Jin-Cheng
Published: May 2018

A 2D boron nanoribbon network is super-stretchable, which is attributed to the strain-induced phase transitions under three applied tensile strains.
Catalytic promiscuity of the non-native FPP substrate in the TEAS enzyme: non-negligible flexibility of the carbocation intermediate
Authors: Zhang Fan , Wang Yong-Heng , Tang Xiaowen , Wu Ruibo
Published: May 2018

By QM(DFT)/MM MD simulations, it has been revealed that the non-native substrate catalytic promiscuity of TEAS (one of the sesquiterpene cyclases) is mostly attributable to its notable conformational flexibility of the branching intermediate bisabolyl cation.
Dual-acting antitumor Pt(iv) prodrugs of kiteplatin with dichloroacetate axial ligands
Authors: Savino Salvatore , Gandin Valentina , Hoeschele James D. , Marzano Cristina , Natile Giovanni , Margiotta Nicola
Published: May 2018

DNA and mitochondria of tumor cells are the targets of Pt(iv) complexes of kiteplatin with biologically active dichloroacetate as axial ligands.
Intrinsic peroxidase-like activity and enhanced photo-Fenton reactivity of iron-substituted polyoxometallate nanostructures
Authors: Zeb Akif , Sahar Shafaq , Qazi Umair Yaqub , Odda Atheer Hameid , Ullah Naseeb , Liu Ya-Nan , Qazi Ishtiaq A. , Xu An-Wu
Published: May 2018

Fe-substituted heteropolyacid nanostructures are developed for the efficient degradation of pollutantsviaFenton and photo-Fenton reactions and show efficient artificial enzyme-like activity for oxidation.
Ni(ii) complexes of the phosphine-oxime Ph2PC6H4-2-CHNOH
Authors: Basu Debashis , Woods Toby J. , Rauchfuss Thomas B.
Published: May 2018

We report the solution and structural chemistry of nickel(ii) complexes of the phosphine-oxime Ph2PC6H4-2-CHNOH (PCHNOH).
Janus colloid surfactant catalysts for in situ organic reactions in Pickering emulsion microreactors
Authors: Cho Jangwoo , Cho Jaehong , Kim Hyeri , Lim Minkyung , Jo Hanbyeol , Kim Hancheul , Min Sun-Joon , Rhee Hakjune , Kim Jin Woong
Published: May 2018

Colloid surfactant catalysts are synthesized for the production of Pickering emulsion microreactors that exhibit outstanding catalytic activity and magnetic-responsive recovery performance.
Iron(iii)-catalyzed selective N–O bond cleavage to prepare tetrasubstituted pyridines and 3,5-disubstituted isoxazolines from N-vinyl-α,β-unsaturated ketonitrones
Authors: Chen Chun-Hua , Wu Qing-Yan , Wei Cui , Liang Cui , Su Gui-Fa , Mo Dong-Liang
Published: May 2018

An iron(iii)-controlled selective N–O bond cleavage was developed for the synthesis of tetrasubstituted pyridines and isoxazolines from N-vinyl-α,β-unsaturated ketonitrones.
Some boron compounds of semicarbazones: antimicrobial activity and precursor for the sol–gel transformation to nanosized boron oxide
Authors: Bhomia Jyoti , Sharma Jyoti , Sharma Ram Avatar , Singh Yashpal
Published: May 2018

Biologically active boron Schiff base compounds: precursors for the low temperature synthesis of B2O3 and B7O.
Selective recognition of atropine in biological fluids and leaves ofDatura stramoniumemploying a carbon nanotube–chitosan film based biosensor
Authors: Mane Suyash , Narmawala Rushda , Chatterjee Sanghamitra
Published: May 2018

This paper demonstrates a selective, expeditious and facile electrochemical approach for the ultrasensitive detection of atropine in complex matrices.
Regulating the luminescent and magnetic properties of rare-earth complexes with β-diketonate coligands
Authors: Chu Xiao-Ya , Wang Wen-Min , Nie Yao-Yao , Cui Jian-Zhong , Gao Hong-Ling
Published: May 2018

By introducing different β-diketonate coligands, Dy2 complexes exhibit different SMM behaviors.
Equilibrium solution coordination chemistry
Authors: Meyer Michel , Gros Claude P. , Plasseraud Laurent
Published: May 2018

Welcome to this themed issue of New Journal of Chemistry entitled “Equilibrium Solution Coordination Chemistry”.
Low-temperature synthesis of 2D MoS2on a plastic substrate for a flexible gas sensor
Authors: Zhao Yuxi , Song Jeong-Gyu , Ryu Gyeong Hee , Ko Kyung Yong , Woo Whang Je , Kim Youngjun , Kim Donghyun , Lim Jun Hyung , Lee Sunhee , Lee Zonghoon , Park Jusang , Kim Hyungjun
Published: May 2018

The efficient synthesis of two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (2D MoS2) at low temperatures is essential for use in flexible devices.
Nanoimprint lithography of nanoporous carbon materials for micro-supercapacitor architectures
Authors: Lochmann Stefanie , Grothe Julia , Eckhardt Kai , Leistenschneider Desirée , Borchardt Lars , Kaskel Stefan
Published: May 2018

Nanoimprint lithography is proposed as a highly versatile method for the production of nanostructured supercapacitors (micro-supercapacitors, MSC).
Regioselective and diastereoselective synthesis of two functionalized 1,5-methanoindeno[1,2-d]azocines via a three-component reaction
Authors: Cao Jun , Sun Jing , Yan Chao-Guo
Published: May 2018

The morpholine promoted three-component reaction of N-alkylpiperidinone, indane-1,3-dione and 2-arylideneindane-1,3-dione in ethanol at room temperature resulted in the (1H-1,5-methanoindeno[1,2-d]azocin-12-ylidene)-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione derivatives in good yields and with exo-configuration.
A series of porous interpenetrating metal–organic frameworks based on fluorescent ligands for nitroaromatic explosive detection
Authors: Zeng Xiao-Shan , Xu Hui-Ling , Xu Yu-Ci , Li Xiao-Qing , Nie Zhao-Yang , Gao Shu-Zhen , Xiao Dong-Rong
Published: May 2018

Four porous interpenetrated fluorescent MOFs based on π-electron-rich N-donor ligands can effectively detect nitroaromatic explosives and exhibit highly sensitive responses to 2,4,6-trinitrophenol.
New insights into the di-n-propylamine (DPA) molecule as an organic structural directing agent (OSDA) in the crystallization of AlPO4-11 molecular sieve
Authors: Sheng Na , Chu Yueying , Xin Shaohui , Wang Qiang , Liu Xiaolong , Xu Jun , Xiao Feng-Shou , Deng Feng
Published: May 2018

Di-n-propylamine (DPA) molecules induce the transformation from 4/6-MR chains to a 2D layered structure and then to 3D crystals of AlPO4-11 molecular sieves.
Enhanced chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stems cells on citric acid-modified chitosan hydrogel for tracheal cartilage regeneration applications
Authors: Chen Hao , Wang Hao , Li Biyun , Feng Bei , He Xiaomin , Fu Wei , Yuan Huihua , Xu Zhiwei
Published: May 2018

A novel citric acid functionalized chitosan hydrogel for tracheal cartilage regeneration applications.
Poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide-octadecyl acrylate)-clay hydrogels with high mechanical properties and shape memory ability
Authors: Wang Feng , Yong Xueyong , Deng Jianping , Wu Youping
Published: May 2018

As a type of important intelligent materials, shape memory hydrogels (SMHs) have gathered a lot of interest due to their promising applications.
One-time sintering process to synthesize ZrO2-coated LiMn2O4 materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Li Gang , Chen Xu , Liu Yafei , Chen Yanbin , Yang Wensheng
Published: May 2018

A facile one-time sintering process was used to synthesize ZrO2-coated LiMn2O4 to greatly enhance its cycling performance.
Enhancing growth-relevant metabolic pathways ofArthrospira platensis(CYA-1) with gamma irradiation from60Co
Authors: Cheng Jun , Lu Hongxiang , Li Ke , Zhu Yanxia , Zhou Junhu
Published: May 2018

Growth-relevant metabolic pathways ofArthrospiraenhanced after gamma irradiation.
Long-term performance of a microbial electrolysis cell operated with periodic disconnection of power supply
Authors: Hussain S. A. , Perrier M. , Tartakovsky B.
Published: May 2018

This study describes a new approach for achieving stable long-term performance and maximizing removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in a Microbial Electrolysis Cell (MEC) by periodic disconnection of the MEC power supply.
Direct evidence of catalyst reduction on dye and catalyst co-sensitized NiO photocathodes by mid-infrared transient absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Gatty M. Gilbert , Pullen S. , Sheibani E. , Tian H. , Ott S. , Hammarström L.
Published: May 2018

Co-sensitization of molecular dyes and catalysts on semiconductor surfaces is a promising strategy to build photoelectrodes for solar fuel production.
Langevin equations for the run-and-tumble of swimming bacteria
Authors: Fier G. , Hansmann D. , Buceta R. C.
Published: May 2018

The run and tumble motions of a swimming bacterium are well characterized by two stochastic variables: the speed v(t) and the change of direction or deflection x(t) = cos φ(t), where φ(t) is the turning angle at time t.
Face-centered cubic MoS2: a novel superconducting three-dimensional crystal more stable than layered T-MoS2
Authors: Liu Peng-Fei , Wang Bao-Tian
Published: May 2018

Beyond van der Waals layered MoS2, we identify a 3D face-centered Kagome cubic MoS2 with a relatively high superconducting transition temperature of ∼16 K, which facilitates experimental realizations of new superconductors in TMDs.
Highly efficient carbon dots and their nanohybrids for trichromatic white LEDs
Authors: Yuan Biao , Xie Zheng , Chen Ping , Zhou Shuyun
Published: May 2018

Alkali-induced red-emitting carbon dots are combined with N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane-functionalized green-emitting CDs to make nanohybrids that can be potentially applied in trichromatic white LEDs.
Chemical compound-based direct reprogramming for future clinical applications
Authors: Takeda Yukimasa , Harada Yoshinori , Yoshikawa Toshikazu , Dai Ping
Published: May 2018

Recent studies have revealed that a combination of chemical compounds enables direct reprogramming from one somatic cell type into another without the use of transgenes by regulating cellular signaling pathways and epigenetic modifications. The generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells generally requires virus vector-mediated expression of multiple transcription factors, which might disrupt genomic integrity and proper cell functions. The direct reprogramming is a promising alternative to rapidly prepare different cell types by bypassing the pluripotent state. Because the strategy also depends on forced expression of exogenous lineage-specific transcription factors, the direct reprogramming in a chemical compound-based manner is an ideal approach to further reduce the risk for tumorigenesis. So far, a number of reported research efforts have revealed that combinations of chemical compounds and cell-type specific medium transdifferentiate somatic cells into desired cell types including neuronal cells, glial cells, neural stem cells, brown adipocytes, cardiomyocytes, somatic progenitor cells, and pluripotent stem cells. These desired cells rapidly converted from patient-derived autologous fibroblasts can be applied for their own transplantation therapy to avoid immune rejection. However, complete chemical compound-induced conversions remain challenging particularly in adult human-derived fibroblasts compared with mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). This review summarizes up-to-date progress in each specific cell type and discusses prospects for future clinical application toward cell transplantation therapy.