bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DementiaBank: Theoretical Rationale, Protocol, and Illustrative Analyses
Authors: Lanzi Alyssa M. , Saylor Anna K. , Fromm Davida , Liu Houjun , MacWhinney Brian , Cohen Matthew L.
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

Dementia from Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized primarily by a significant decline in memory abilities; however, language abilities are also commonly affected and may precede the decline of other cognitive abilities. To study the progression of language, there is a need for open-access databases that can be used to build algorithms to produce translational models sensitive enough to detect early declines in language abilities. DementiaBank is an open-access repository of transcribed video/audio data from communicative interactions from people with dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and controls. The aims of this tutorial are to (a) describe the newly established standardized DementiaBank discourse protocol, (b) describe the Delaware corpus data, and (c) provide examples of automated linguistic analyses that can be conducted with the Delaware corpus data and describe additional DementiaBank resources.

Method:

The DementiaBank discourse protocol elicits four types of discourse: picture description, story narrative, procedural, and personal narrative. The Delaware corpus currently includes data from 20 neurotypical adults and 33 adults with MCI from possible AD who completed the DementiaBank discourse protocol and a cognitive–linguistic battery. Language samples were video- and audio-recorded, transcribed, coded, and uploaded to DementiaBank. The protocol materials and transcription programs can be accessed for free via the DementiaBank website.

Results:

Illustrative analyses show the potential of the Delaware corpus data to help understand discourse metrics at the individual and group levels. In addition, they highlight analyses that could be used across TalkBank's other clinical banks (e.g., AphasiaBank). Information is also included on manual and automatic speech recognition transcription methods.

Conclusions:

DementiaBank is a shared online database that can facilitate research efforts to address the gaps in knowledge about language changes associated with MCI and dementia from AD. Identifying early language markers could lead to improved assessment and treatment approaches for adults at risk for dementia.
ParAlg: A Paraphasia Algorithm for Multinomial Classification of Picture Naming Errors
Authors: Casilio Marianne , Fergadiotis Gerasimos , Salem Alexandra C. , Gale Robert C. , McKinney-Bock Katy , Bedrick Steven
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

A preliminary version of a paraphasia classification algorithm (henceforth called ParAlg) has previously been shown to be a viable method for coding picture naming errors. The purpose of this study is to present an updated version of ParAlg, which uses multinomial classification, and comprehensively evaluate its performance when using two different forms of transcribed input.

Method:

A subset of 11,999 archival responses produced on the Philadelphia Naming Test were classified into six cardinal paraphasia types using ParAlg under two transcription configurations: (a) using phonemic transcriptions for responses exclusively (
phonemic-only
) and (b) using phonemic transcriptions for nonlexical responses and orthographic transcriptions for lexical responses (
orthographic-lexical
). Agreement was quantified by comparing ParAlg-generated paraphasia codes between configurations and relative to human-annotated codes using four metrics (positive predictive value, sensitivity, specificity, and F1 score). An item-level qualitative analysis of misclassifications under the best performing configuration was also completed to identify the source and nature of coding discrepancies.

Results:

Agreement between ParAlg-generated and human-annotated codes was high, although the
orthographic-lexical
configuration outperformed
phonemic-only
(weighted-average F1 scores of .78 and .87, respectively). A qualitative analysis of the
orthographic-lexical
configuration revealed a mix of human- and ParAlg-related misclassifications, the former of which were related primarily to phonological similarity judgments whereas the latter were due to semantic similarity assignment.

Conclusions:

ParAlg is an accurate and efficient alternative to manual scoring of paraphasias, particularly when lexical responses are orthographically transcribed. With further development, it has the potential to be a useful software application for anomia assessment.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.22087763
An atmospheric water harvester with fast and energy‐saving water removal and recovery
Authors: Song Jiayu , Liu Zhang , Boñgol Jhoanne Pedres , Zhang Zhaoxin , Yeung King Lun
Published: February 2023

Moisture removal and water recovery from the air are vital for regulating indoor humidity and mitigating water scarcity. Most atmospheric water harvesters (AWH) focus primarily on increasing the moisture capture rate, but for it to be economical and sustainable, it is essential to consider the energy required to recover and harvest the captured water. Here, a mechanically flexible, biphilic sorption‐based AWH made of green, environmentally friendly material is presented. It consists of a hygroscopic chitosan polymer embedded within a flexible, hydrophobic silica xerogel that can harvest 86.3 g water/g chitosan at 97% relative humidity and 25°C reaching saturation after 30 days (i.e. 2.88 g water/g chitosan/day). Roughly 88% of the sorbed moisture was recovered by mechanical squeezing (ca. 0.020 MPa) within 150 s. Repeated water harvesting experiments and uniaxial compression tests demonstrate that chitosan‐silica xerogel is durable for long‐term operations, providing a fast, reliable, and sustainable moisture removal and water harvesting tool.
AESR3D: 3D overcomplete autoencoder for trabecular computed tomography super resolution
Authors: Zhang Shuwei , Liang Yefeng , Li Xingyu , Li Shibo , Xiong Xiaofeng , Zhang Lihai
Published: February 2023

Osteoporosis is a major cause of bone fracture and can be characterised by both mass loss and microstructure deterioration of the bone. The modern way of osteoporosis assessment is through the measurement of bone mineral density, which is not able to unveil the pathological condition from the mesoscale aspect. To obtain mesoscale information from computed tomography (CT), the super‐resolution (SR) approach for volumetric imaging data is required. A deep learning model AESR3D is proposed to recover high‐resolution (HR) Micro‐CT from low‐resolution Micro‐CT and implement an unsupervised segmentation for better trabecular observation and measurement. A new regularisation overcomplete autoencoder framework for the SR task is proposed and theoretically analysed. The best performance is achieved on structural similarity measure of trabecular CT SR task compared with the state‐of‐the‐art models in both natural and medical image SR tasks. The HR and SR images show a high correlation (r = 0.996, intraclass correlation coefficients = 0.917) on trabecular bone morphological indicators. The results also prove the effectiveness of our regularisation framework when training a large capacity model.
A light‐weight stereo matching network based on multi‐scale features fusion and robust disparity refinement
Authors: Yang Xiaowei , Zhao Yong , Feng Zhiguo , Sang Haiwei , Zhang Zhenbo , Zhang Guiying , He Lin
Published: February 2023

In recent years, convolutional‐neural‐network based stereo matching methods have achieved significant gains compared to conventional methods in terms of both speed and accuracy. Current state‐of‐the‐art disparity estimation algorithms require many parameters and large amounts of computational resources and are not suited for applications on edge devices. In this paper, an end‐to‐end light‐weight network (LWNet) for fast stereo matching is proposed, which consists of an efficient backbone with multi‐scale feature fusion for feature extraction, a 3D U‐Net aggregation architecture for disparity computation, and color guidance in a 2D convolutional neural network (CNN) for disparity refinement. MobileNetV2 is adopted as an efficient backbone in feature extraction. The channel attention module is applied to improve the representational capacity of features and multi‐resolution information is adaptively incorporated into the cost volume via cross‐scale connections. Further, a left‐right consistency check and color guidance refinement are introduced and a robust disparity refinement network is designed with skip connections and dilated convolutions to capture global context information and improve disparity estimation accuracy with little computational cost and memory space. Extensive experiments on Scene Flow, KITTI 2015, and KITTI 2012 demonstrate that the proposed LWNet achieves competitive accuracy and speed when compared with state‐of‐the‐art stereo matching methods.
Multi‐parameter optimization of performance and economic viability of Ferris wheel wind turbine for low wind speed regions in Africa
Authors: Adeyeye Kehinde A. , Ijumba Nelson , Colton Jonathan S.
Published: February 2023

Previous studies on wind turbine and wind farm optimization for Levellized cost of energy (LCOE) and annual energy production (AEP) have focused on horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT) and vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT). Regions with lower wind speed resources tend to have a higher levellized cost of energy and lower annual energy production. In this paper, the authors investigate the optimization of a novel, Ferris wheel wind turbine (FWT) for low wind speed regions of Africa. The research used an Excel‐based Multi‐Objective Optimization (EMOO) model. The EMOO program has both binary‐coded and real‐coded Elitist Non‐Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA‐II). The optimization is conducted by studying the effect of varying the rim diameter, number of blades, and the rated wind speeds for an 800‐kW generator on the performance and economics in 21 African cities. The results show that, on average, the return‐on‐investment increases over the base design by up to 182%, and both the simple payback period (SPP) and the levellized cost of electricity decreased by 39% as the rim diameter increases combined with a 50% reduction in blade numbers. In addition, a 75% reduction in blade numbers caused a further 32% decrease on average for both the simple payback period and the levellized cost of electricity.
Bayesian Network analysis of software logs for data‐driven software maintenance
Authors: del Rey Santiago , Martínez‐Fernández Silverio , Salmerón Antonio
Published: February 2023

Software organisations aim to develop and maintain high‐quality software systems. Due to large amounts of behaviour data available, software organisations can conduct data‐driven software maintenance. Indeed, software quality assurance and improvement programs have attracted many researchers' attention. Bayesian Networks (BNs) are proposed as a log analysis technique to discover poor performance indicators in a system and to explore usage patterns that usually require temporal analysis. For this, an action research study is designed and conducted to improve the software quality and the user experience of a web application using BNs as a technique to analyse software logs. To this aim, three models with BNs are created. As a result, multiple enhancement points have been identified within the application ranging from performance issues and errors to recurring user usage patterns. These enhancement points enable the creation of cards in the Scrum process of the web application, contributing to its data‐driven software maintenance. Finally, the authors consider that BNs within quality‐aware and data‐driven software maintenance have great potential as a software log analysis technique and encourage the community to deepen its possible applications. For this, the applied methodology and a replication package are shared.
Effects of the Parker spiral angle of the interplanetary magnetic field on the dawn-dusk asymmetry of the Martian magnetotail
Authors: Li Guokan , Lu Haoyu , Cao Jinbin , Li Yun , Li Shibang
Published: February 2023

Context. The draping of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) around unmagnetized planets induces a magnetotail with a two-lobe plasma structure. On Mars, due to the impact of the IMF Parker spiral angle, the structure of its induced magnetotail is dawn-dusk asymmetric. Observational and numerical studies have shown the dawn-dusk asymmetric size of magnetic lobes and the shift of the polarity reversal layer and the inverse polarity reversal layer under different Parker spiral angles. Variation in the tail-region induced magnetic field with the Parker spiral angle is important in the evolution of the magnetotail. Further studies should investigate the influence of the magnetic pressure and field direction on the magnetic lobe structure and plasma boundary locations, as well as the relationship between the polarity reverse of the IMF and the Parker spiral angle.

Aims. This study aims to investigate the dawn-dusk asymmetric structure of the Martian magnetotail under different Parker-spiral IMF orientations. In this study, we used a multispecies magnetohydro-dynamic (MHD) model, which has been shown to self-consistently calculate the Mars-solar wind interaction, to investigate the effects of the Parker spiral angle on the structure of the Martian magnetotail. By comparing the magnetic field, large-scale configurations, and plasma boundary locations across various cases, we aim to clarify how variations in the IMF Parker spiral angle affect the magnetic pressure and field direction in the magnetotail and the locations and shapes of the magnetic lobes, polarity reversal layer, and inverse polarity reversal layer.

Methods. A three-dimensional and parallelized multispecies MHD model was constructed to simulate the global solar wind interaction with Mars. Four ion species, H+, O2+, O+, and CO2+, as well as the chemical reactions between them, such as photoionization, charge exchange, and recombination, were considered in the model to accurately calculate the ion distributions in the magnetosphere and ionosphere of Mars. Three cases with Parker spiral angles of 90, 56, and 30 degrees were examined, representing the perpendicular, standard, and quasi-parallel IMF relative to the solar wind flow, respectively.

Results. A symmetric magnetotail was reproduced in the case with a Parker spiral angle of 90° degrees. When the Parker spiral angle decreases, the magnetic pressure in the magnetic lobes reduces, and the flaring angle of the magnetic field becomes larger on the dawn side than on the dusk side. These two factors result in the shrinkage and extension of the magnetic lobes. Furthermore, the variation in magnetic pressure results in a polarity reversal layer bent toward the dawn side. Finally, we found that the inverse polarity reversal layer shrinks toward Mars with a decrease in the Parker spiral angle.
How do cell crowding and starvation affect avascular tumor growth of the EMT6/Ro tumor?
Authors: Bak Bjarke Spangsberg , Andersen Morten , Ottesen Johnny T. , Hansen J.S.
Published: February 2023

Here we re-examine experimental in vitro data for the EMT6/Ro tumor volume and viable rim thickness. This shows that the growth speed is constant in time, and independent of nutrient concentration at large concentrations, but that the viable rim thickness increases in this high concentration regime. We then present a simple mechanistic reaction-diffusion equation that includes crowding and starvation effects, and show that the model qualitatively captures the experimental observations. Moreover, the model predicts that the cancer cell concentration is characterised by a wave pulse (soliton), and the pulse shape is explored through zero’th order perturbation analysis corresponding to large wave speeds. It is shown that this zero’th order term is dominant for the experimental condition, further indicating that the non-linear reaction governs the pulse characteristic shape. Finally, at low nutrient concentrations we find that the front is a pulled-front, that is, the growth speed is determined by the cell multiplication at the wave front edge in accordance with earlier modelling approaches.
Evidence-Based Medicine: Rhinoplasty Surgical Outcomes
Authors: Kimura Kyle S. , Most Sam P.
Published: February 2023

Evidence-based medicine has become increasingly important in healthcare today by providing a process to examine the highest levels of research and apply them to clinical practice. Integrating the best available evidence to clinical decision making ensures that patients receive the highest level of care based on thoroughly reviewed and validated research. These concepts can also be applied to rhinoplasty, both aesthetic and functional, emphasizing the importance of data-driven decisions to improve clinical care.
An Overview of Rhinoplasty Practices: European Academy of Facial Plastic Surgery, Collaborative Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mandavia R , Parmar D. , Ahmed M.N. , Berber V. , Sanz D. , Paulucci B. , D'Souza A.R. ,   on behalf of the EAFPS Rhinoplasty Research Network
Published: February 2023

This collaborative European Academy of Plastic Surgery (EAFPS) study aimed to provide an overview of rhinoplasty practices, informing clinician and patient decision making. It is a multicenter cross-sectional study, reported as per Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. All EAFPS members were contacted via email, inviting them to participate. Members expressing an interest to participate were asked to anonymously complete a questionnaire, related to rhinoplasties that they performed as first/supervising surgeon over a period from January 1, 2019 to January 1, 2022. A descriptive analysis was performed. One hundred and fifteen surgeons submitted data on 41,259 rhinoplasties from 33 countries. Eighty percent of rhinoplasties were primary, and 20% were secondary. Thirty five percent of primary rhinoplasties were closed and 65% were open. Thirty one percent of primary rhinoplasties were for cosmetic indications, 11% functional and 58% were for both. Of the 8147 secondary rhinoplasties, 44% were closed and 56% were open. Thirty percent were for cosmetic indications, 11% functional, and 59% for both cosmetic and functional. Ninety-one percent of rhinoplasties were performed by ENT surgeons, 3% by plastic surgeons, 5% by maxillofacial surgeons, and 1% were dual (maxillofacial and ENT) trained. One-thousand seven-hundred thirty primary rhinoplasties underwent revision surgery (5%) and 102 secondary rhinoplasties underwent revision surgery (1%). The most commonly reported indications for revision surgery were dorsal asymmetry, nasal blockage, and dissatisfaction with nasal tip. Three percent of rhinoplasties underwent preoperative psychological assessment. To the authors knowledge, this is the largest published rhinoplasty dataset. This study provides an overview of rhinoplasty practices that can be used for benchmarking and to guide clinician and patient decision making. Psychological assessment of prerhinoplasty appears insufficient with higher levels recommended to minimize unsuccessful outcomes. This study showcases the power of collaborative research and may serve as a catalyst for future collaborative facial plastic surgery research.
Shared Biological Pathways and Processes in Patients with Intellectual Disability: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Günay Çağatay , Aykol Duygu , Özsoy Özlem , Sönmezler Ece , Hanci Yaren Sena , Kara Bülent , Akkoyunlu Sünnetçi Deniz , Cine Naci , Deniz Adnan , Özer Tolgahan , Ölçülü Cemile Büşra , Yilmaz Özlem , Kanmaz Seda , Yilmaz Sanem , Tekgül Hasan , Yildiz Nihal , Acar Arslan Elif , Cansu Ali , Olgaç Dündar Nihal , Kusgoz Fatma , Didinmez Elif , Gençpinar Pınar , Aksu Uzunhan Tuğçe , Ertürk Biray , Gezdirici Alper , Ayaz Akif , Ölmez Akgün , Ayanoğlu Müge , Tosun Ayşe , Topçu Yasemin , Kiliç Betül , Aydin Kürşad , Çağlar Ezgi , Ersoy Kosvali Özlem , Okuyaz Çetin , Besen Şeyda , Tekin Orgun Leman , Erol İlknur , Yüksel Deniz , Sezer Abdullah , Atasoy Ergin , Toprak Ülkühan , Güngör Serdal , Ozgor Bilge , Karadağ Meral , Dilber Cengiz , Şahinoğlu Bahtiyar , Uyur Yalçin Emek , Eldes Hacifazlioglu Nilüfer , Yaramiş Ahmet , Edem Pınar , Gezici Tekin Hande , Yilmaz Ünsal , Ünalp Aycan , Turay Sevim , Biçer Didem , Gül Mert Gülen , Dokurel Çetin İpek , Kirik Serkan , Öztürk Gülten , Karal Yasemin , Sanri Aslıhan , Aksoy Ayşe , Polat Muzaffer , Özgün Nezir , Soydemir Didem , Sarikaya Uzan Gamze , Ülker Üstebay Döndü , Gök Ayşen , Yeşilmen Mehmet Can , Yiş Uluç , Karakülah Gökhan , Bursali Ahmet , Oktay Yavuz , Hiz Kurul Semra
Published: February 2023

Background Although the underlying genetic causes of intellectual disability (ID) continue to be rapidly identified, the biological pathways and processes that could be targets for a potential molecular therapy are not yet known. This study aimed to identify ID-related shared pathways and processes utilizing enrichment analyses.

Methods In this multicenter study, causative genes of patients with ID were used as input for Disease Ontology (DO), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis.

Results Genetic test results of 720 patients from 27 centers were obtained. Patients with chromosomal deletion/duplication, non-ID genes, novel genes, and results with changes in more than one gene were excluded. A total of 558 patients with 341 different causative genes were included in the study. Pathway-based enrichment analysis of the ID-related genes via ClusterProfiler revealed 18 shared pathways, with lysine degradation and nicotine addiction being the most common. The most common of the 25 overrepresented DO terms was ID. The most frequently overrepresented GO biological process, cellular component, and molecular function terms were regulation of membrane potential, ion channel complex, and voltage-gated ion channel activity/voltage-gated channel activity, respectively.

Conclusion Lysine degradation, nicotine addiction, and thyroid hormone signaling pathways are well-suited to be research areas for the discovery of new targeted therapies in ID patients.
Electrochemical Cross-Coupling Reactions between Arylboronic Esters and Aryllithiums Using NaBr as a Halogen Mediator
Authors: Mitsudo Koichi , Suga Seiji , Shigemori Keisuke , Shibata Taro , Mandai Hiroki , Sato Eisuke
Published: February 2023

An electrochemical cross-coupling reaction between arylboronic esters and aryllithiums was developed. The presence of Br– in the electrolyte was found to be essential for the reaction. NaBr was chosen as the electrolyte for its inexpensiveness and abundance, and also acted as a halogen mediator. The reaction proceeded under mild conditions to afford biaryls.
A New Method for the Synthesis of 1-Methyl-1H-indole-3-carboxylate Derivatives, Employing Copper(II)
Authors: Akbari Ali , Faryabi Muhammad Saleh
Published: February 2023

We report an efficient method for synthesizing 1-methyl-1H-indole-3-carboxylates by cross-dehydrogenative coupling. However, the coupling reactions are a way to functionalize the α-carbon of iminiums from tertiary amines. The synthesis of 1-methyl-1H-indole-3-carboxylates from N,N-dimethylaniline with bromoacetates has not been reported. In the present work, we describe a novel route for synthesizing 1-methyl-1H-indole-3-carboxylates with N,N-dimethylaniline and a wide range of phenyl bromoacetate derivatives. Features such as a simple procedure and good to excellent yields (69–90%) make this method a highly efficient procedure for the preparation of indole derivatives using Cu(OAc)2·H2O as a catalyst in the presence of tert-butyl hydroperoxide.
Visible-Light-Promoted C(sp3)–H Bond Functionalization toward Aminothiazole Skeletons from Active Methylene Ketones and Thioureas
Authors: Guo Haichang , Wang Lei , Zheng Renhua , Hu Xiurong , Jiang Huajiang
Published: February 2023

A novel and efficient visible-light-induced method is developed for the one-pot synthesis of functionalized 2-aminothiazoles from easily accessible active methylene ketone derivatives and different thioureas at room temperature. The mild reaction conditions, green chemistry, straightforward work-up, and high yields of the products make this procedure useful for the construction of 2-aminothiazole derivatives.
Association of Aldosterone with Mortality in the General
Population
Authors: Then Cornelia , Herder Christian , Heier Margit , Meisinger Christa , Koenig Wolfgang , Rathmann Wolfgang , Sujana Chaterina , Roden Michael , Bidlingmaier Martin , Seissler Jochen , Thorand Barbara , Peters Annette , Reincke Martin
Published: February 2023

Introduction Aldosterone excess is linked to cardiovascular events and
mortality as well as to low-grade inflammation in the context of metabolic
diseases. Whether mildly elevated aldosterone levels in the general population
promote cardiovascular risk is still under debate. We analyzed the association
of plasma aldosterone concentrations with incident cardiovascular events,
cardiovascular and all-cause mortality as well as with biomarkers of subclinical
inflammation in the population-based KORA F4 study.

Methods Plasma aldosterone concentrations were measured with an in-house
immunoflurometric assay. The analyses included 2935 participants (n=1076
for selected biomarkers of subclinical inflammation) with a median follow-up of
8.7 (8.2; 9.1) years. The associations were estimated using Cox proportional
hazard and linear regression models adjusted for renin, sex, age, body mass
index, arterial hypertension, diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate,
low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, physical activity, smoking, use
of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers,
beta-blockers, diuretics and calcium channel blockers.

Results Aldosterone was significantly associated with all-cause mortality
(hazard ratio per standard deviation increase: 1.20; 95% confidence
interval 1.04–1.37), but not with cardiovascular mortality, incident
cardiovascular events, or with biomarkers of subclinical inflammation.

Conclusions Aldosterone was associated with all-cause mortality in the
population-based KORA F4 study, but the previously described associations of
excess aldosterone with cardiovascular complications and biomarkers of
subclinical inflammation could not be shown.
Bimetallic Catalyzed Synthesis of 2-Arylindoles
Authors: Marques M. Manuel B. , Ferro Rita , Viduedo Nuno , Santos A. Sofia , Silva Artur M. S. , Royo Beatriz
Published: February 2023

A bimetallic synthesis of 2-arylindoles from alcohols and anilines is described. The dehydrogenation or oxidation of a secondary alcohol was performed by Ni- or Mn-catalyzed reactions, respectively. The formed ketone was converted into an imine intermediate that was later cyclized to the corresponding 2-arylindole by a Pd-catalyzed oxidative cyclization. A series of 2-arylindoles were prepared without isolation of the intermediates generated. The compatibility of the catalysts was investigated, and the optimized protocol opens room for the integration of Earth-abundant metals and palladium complexes to improve the sustainability of the synthesis of N-heterocycles.
The Association between ACTN3 R577X Polymorphism and Range of
Motion: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Saito Mika , Zempo Hirofumi , de Almeida Kathleen Yasmin , Homma Hiroki , Kikuchi Naoki
Published: February 2023

The R577X polymorphism in the α-actinin-3 gene (ACTN3) is
associated with muscle strength and power; there is an association between
ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and range of motion (ROM). We examined the
effect of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism on ROM through meta-analysis and
systematic review. Relevant studies published before April 14, 2022 were
identified from the PubMed database using the following keywords and Boolean
operators: (“flexibility” or “Joint Range of
Motion” or “Joint Flexibility” or “Range of
motion”) and (“ACTN3” or “alpha-actinin
3”). Studies that met the following criteria were included: (1)
published in English, (2) included human subjects, (3) provided ROM
measurements, and (4) analyzed the ACTN3 R577X genotype. A total of 2908
participants from seven studies were included in the meta-analysis. The additive
genetic model was assessed using a meta-regression model, and dominant and
recessive models were analyzed using a random effects model. The ROM in the
XX+RX genotype was significantly higher than that in the RR genotype
(recessive model: p<0.001), and it increased additively in the order
XX>RX>RR (additive model: p=0.029). However, no
significant association was observed in the dominant model. These findings
further elucidate the association between flexibility and the ACTN3 R577X
genotype.
Presurgical Perspective and Postsurgical Evaluation of Calcaneal and Talus Fractures
Authors: Willaume Thibault , Bierry Guillaume
Published: February 2023

Fractures of the calcaneus and talus are severe injuries that usually result from high-energy trauma. The calcaneus and talus are essential for the transmission of body weight, so an optimal reduction and/or fixation of fractures is required to prevent disabling consequences. These fractures almost always have an articular involvement, and an anatomical reduction is required; any residual step-off would lead to joint incongruity and secondary arthrosis.

The aims of imaging are first, to guide management by describing the fracture characteristics (e.g., location, displacement, fragments, articular involvement, soft tissue compromise), and second, to detect early and late surgical complications (e.g., infection, malunion, nonunion, arthrosis, hardware issues). Although radiographs remain the first-line imaging modality for the screening of ankle and foot trauma, computed tomography is almost always required for the initial management and follow-up of the patient.
Interventional Imaging Techniques as Alternative to Surgery of the Foot and Ankle
Authors: Burke Christopher J. , Walter William R. , Adler Ronald S.
Published: February 2023

A variety of foot and ankle pathologies can impair patient's daily activities, ultimately requiring surgical management. However, with improvements in image-guided intervention, the joints, soft tissues, and osseous structures may be accessible using various percutaneous techniques as a potential alternative therapeutic tool, avoiding the need for surgery with its associated risks and morbidity. This article discusses the potential range of image-guided interventional treatments. Injections, aspiration, biopsies, cryoablation, and radiofrequency ablation are described. Newer novel treatments are also covered. Finally, the common pathologies of Morton's neuroma, Achilles tendinopathy, and plantar fasciitis are addressed.
Postsurgical Evaluation of the Pediatric Foot and Ankle
Authors: Aparisi Gómez Maria Pilar , Bazzocchi Alberto , Simoni Paolo , Inarejos Clemente Emilio J.
Published: February 2023

This article reviews situations in which surgical treatment is required in the context of different types of pathology in the foot and ankle of children, focusing on the role of imaging in surgical planning and postsurgical assessment. The types of pathology analyzed from this perspective are congenital pathology, neuromuscular disorders, osteochondral lesions, fractures and infection, ligament injuries, and tumors.

We address the most common pitfalls of postsurgical imaging of the ankle and foot in children. With some exceptions, postsurgical follow-up focuses on clinical assessment, with imaging follow-up only needed in patients where complications are suspected or symptoms recur. Postoperative assessment of the foot and ankle in children and adolescents requires knowing the indications for surgery and the most common types of interventions, along with their imaging characteristics. The radiologist needs to be aware of the normal sequence of development of structures and how to select adequate imaging techniques to assess anatomy at various stages or in different postsurgical scenarios.
Waterbirth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Edwards Sara , Angarita Ana M. , Talasila Sahithi , Berghella Vincenzo
Published: February 2023

Despite patient interest, there is little evidence regarding waterbirth. This review sought to compare maternal and perinatal outcomes in waterbirth, compared with landbirth. This search was conducted using MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Web of Sciences, Scopus, ClinicalTrial.gov, OVID, and Cochrane Library from inception to November 15, 2021, with no language or geographic restrictions. Review was registered with PROSPERO under registration number: CRD42021288576. Selection criteria included randomized controlled trials of women with singleton cephalic gestations at ≥36 weeks comparing waterbirth to landbirth. The primary outcome was a perinatal composite outcome. Secondary outcomes included maternal and individual perinatal outcomes. Summary measures were reported as relative risk or mean difference with 95% confidence intervals using random effects model of DerSimonian and Laird. I
2 (Higgins I
2) > 0% was used to identify heterogeneity. Six trials including 706 patients were included. When reported, all patients were ≥ 37 weeks' gestation. Labor augmentation (41.7 vs. 84.7%, p < 0.0001) and neuraxial anesthesia (10.5 vs. 72.4%, p < 0.0001) were less common with waterbirth. Estimated blood loss, postpartum hemorrhage, perineal laceration, episiotomy, mode of delivery, and perinatal outcomes did not differ between groups. Chorioamnionitis and endometritis were not reported by any trial. Maternal satisfaction was higher (p = 0.01) and pain scores lower (p = 0.003) with waterbirth. Length of first stage (p < 0.00001), third stage (p = 0.02), and labor (p = 0.04) were shorter with waterbirth. The composite perinatal outcome could not be calculated due to lack of individual patient data. Compared with landbirth, waterbirth was associated with lower rates of neuraxial anesthesia and lower pain scores, with improved maternal satisfaction.

Key Points
Teleparallel geometry with a single affine symmetry
Authors: Coley A. A. , van den Hoogen R. J.
Published: February 2023

In teleparallel geometries, symmetries are represented by affine frame symmetries that constrain both the (co)frame basis and the spin-connection (which are the primary geometric objects). In this paper, we shall study teleparallel geometries with a single affine symmetry, utilizing the locally Lorentz covariant approach and adopting a complex null gauge. We first introduce an algorithm to study geometries with an affine frame symmetry, which consists of choosing coordinates adapted to the symmetry, constructing a canonical frame, and solving the equations describing the symmetry. All of the constraints on the geometry are determined in the case of a single affine symmetry, but there are additional constraints arising from the field equations for a given theory of teleparallel gravity. In particular, we find that in f(T) teleparallel gravity there will be severe constraints on the geometry arising from the antisymmetric part of the field equations.
A strain-controlled magnetostrictive pseudo spin valve
Authors: Iurchuk Vadym , Bran Julien , Acosta Manuel , Kundys Bohdan
Published: February 2023

Electric-field control of magnetism via an inverse magnetostrictive effect is an alternative path toward improving energy-efficient storage and sensing devices based on a giant magnetoresistance effect. In this Letter, we report on lateral electric-field driven strain-mediated modulation of magnetotransport properties in a Co/Cu/Py pseudo spin valve grown on a ferroelectric 0.7Pb[Mg1/3Nb2/3)]O3–0.3PbTiO3 substrate. We show a decrease in the giant magnetoresistance ratio of the pseudo spin valve with the increase in the electric field, which is attributed to the deviation of the Co layer magnetization from the initial direction due to strain-induced magnetoelastic anisotropy contribution. Additionally, we demonstrate that strain-induced magnetic anisotropy effectively shifts the switching field of the magnetostrictive Co layer, while keeping the switching field of the nearly zero-magnetostrictive Py layer unaffected due to its negligible magnetostriction. We argue that magnetostrictively optimized magnetic films in properly engineered multilayered structures can offer a path to enhancing the selective magnetic switching in spintronic devices.
Routes toward chaos in a memristor-based Shinriki circuit
Authors: Min Fuhong , Xue Lei
Published: February 2023

In this paper, the complex routes to chaos in a memristor-based Shinriki circuit are discussed semi-analytically via the discrete implicit mapping method. The bifurcation trees of period-m (m = 1, 2, 4 and 3, 6) motions with varying system parameters are accurately presented through discrete nodes. The corresponding critical values of bifurcation points are obtained by period-double bifurcation, saddle-node bifurcation, and Neimark bifurcation, which can be determined by the global view of eigenvalues analysis. Unstable periodic orbits are compared with the stable ones obtained by numerical methods that can reveal the process of convergence. The basins of attractors are also employed to analyze the coexistence of asymmetric stable periodic motions. Furthermore, hardware experiments are designed via Field Programmable Gate Array to verify the analysis model. As expected, an evolution of periodic motions is observed in this memristor-based Shinrik's circuit and the experimental results are consistent with that of the calculations through the discrete mapping method.
Asymmetric adaptivity induces recurrent synchronization in complex networks
Authors: Thiele Max , Berner Rico , Tass Peter A. , Schöll Eckehard , Yanchuk Serhiy
Published: February 2023

Rhythmic activities that alternate between coherent and incoherent phases are ubiquitous in chemical, ecological, climate, or neural systems. Despite their importance, general mechanisms for their emergence are little understood. In order to fill this gap, we present a framework for describing the emergence of recurrent synchronization in complex networks with adaptive interactions. This phenomenon is manifested at the macroscopic level by temporal episodes of coherent and incoherent dynamics that alternate recurrently. At the same time, the dynamics of the individual nodes do not change qualitatively. We identify asymmetric adaptation rules and temporal separation between the adaptation and the dynamics of individual nodes as key features for the emergence of recurrent synchronization. Our results suggest that asymmetric adaptation might be a fundamental ingredient for recurrent synchronization phenomena as seen in pattern generators, e.g., in neuronal systems.
Radio frequency dielectric measurements in diamond anvil cells
Authors: Chan Yuk Tai , Uykur Ece , Dressel Martin
Published: February 2023

We present the modifications, performance, and test of a diamond anvil cell for radio frequency dielectric spectroscopy studies of single crystals that can be used from room temperature down to 4 K and up to pressures of 5–6 GPa. Continuous frequency-dependent measurements between 5 Hz and 1 MHz can be performed with this modified pressure cell. The cell has an excellent performance with temperature-, frequency-, and pressure-independent stray capacitance of around 2 pF, enabling us to use relatively small samples with a weak dielectric response.
Electron-assisted PR etching in oxygen inductively coupled plasma via a low-energy electron beam
Authors: Jung Jiwon , Kim Min-Seok , Park Junyoung , Lim Chang-Min , Hwang Tae-Wung , Seo Beom-Jun , Chung Chin-Wook
Published: February 2023

In this study, electron-assisted photoresist (PR) etching is conducted using oxygen inductively coupled plasma at a pressure of 3 mTorr. During the PR etching, a low-energy electron beam is generated and is controlled by varying the acceleration voltage (0–40 V) on the grid to assist with the PR etching. When a low acceleration voltage (<20 V) is applied, no electron beam is generated, and PR etching is assisted by the accelerated ions. However, the acceleration voltage is increased (about 20–25 V), an electron beam is generated, and PR etching is assisted by the electron beam. At high acceleration voltages (>25 V), the etch rate increases, and the ion bombardment energy decreases with increasing electron beam energy. The electron energy probability function is measured to verify the relation between the etch rate and acceleration voltage with respect to the sheath thickness on the grid. Furthermore, low contribution of the O radical to the etch rate increment is observed via optical emission spectroscopy measurements.
Deep subwavelength hybrid metamaterial for low-frequency underwater sound absorption by quasi-Helmholtz resonance
Authors: Duan Mingyu , Yu Chenlei , Xin Fengxian , Lu Tian Jian
Published: February 2023

We proposed an acoustic metamaterial with deep subwavelength thickness for low-frequency underwater sound absorption. The proposed hybrid metamaterial has a perforated facesheet, a fluid-filled square honeycomb core with inside rubber coating, and a fixed backsheet. A theoretical model is established to predict the sound absorption performance of this perforated honeycomb hybrid metamaterial based on the sound absorption theory of the micro-perforated panel and electro-acoustic analogy. The theoretical model agrees well with our finite element simulation. Results suggest that perfect sound absorption (99.9%) of the metamaterial occurs at 375 Hz, at which the thickness of the metamaterial is only 1/80 of the underwater sound wavelength. According to the simulation, most of the sound energy is consumed by the rubber coating. It can be analyzed that the rubber coating replaces the fluid in the square honeycomb resonant cavity improving the acoustic capacitance and acoustic resistance and triggering a quasi-Helmholtz resonance. This acoustic metamaterial also exhibits a broadband underwater sound absorption performance by parallel design with different perforations, which has a promising potential in engineering applications.
High-performance broadband graphene/silicon/graphene photodetectors: From x-ray to near-infrared
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Ning Hao , Lv Jianhang , Liu Lixiang , Peng Li , Tian Feng , Bodepudi Srikrishna Chanakya , Wang Xiaochen , Cao Xiaoxue , Dong Yunfan , Fang Wenzhang , Wu Shaoxiong , Hu Huan , Yu Bin , Xu Yang
Published: February 2023

Metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) structures have been widely used and extensively investigated for ultraviolet (UV) detection. However, traditional MSM structures suffer from large dark currents, narrow detection bands, and low collection efficiency. Optimizing these properties for broadband detection in MSM structures is essential for improving the performance and functionality in broader optoelectronics applications. We report a high-performance broadband graphene/thin silicon/graphene photodetector by realizing a synergistic combination of graphene and silicon absorption bandwidths from the x-ray to near-infrared regions. The sensitivity of the proposed photodetector in this spectral range is greatly enhanced. A high responsivity of 0.56 A/W, a high detectivity of 2.72 × 1011 Jones, and a fast response time of 7.2 ns are achieved. Moreover, the real-time array imaging at broadband regions presented in this study can benefit from the independent pixel structures similar to the complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) architecture. This approach constitutes a reliable route toward a high-performance photodetector with prominent broad-spectrum response, high responsivity, and low noise. These results will motivate strategies to achieve high-performance, broadband image sensors, compatible for on-chip CMOS circuit technology that advances the development of next-generation graphene/silicon image sensors.
Two-dimensional hybrid perovskite resistive switching memory inherited from photovoltaic devices
Authors: Dai Qing , Miao Yuchen , Qi Xiaorong , Zhao Zhenfu , Zhao Feiyu , Zhu Liqiang , Hu Ziyang
Published: February 2023

Ions or charged vacancies drift induced by electric fields in organic–inorganic halide perovskites (OIHPs) generally contributes to distinct current–voltage hysteresis, which drives the development of resistive switching memory (RSM) devices. Here, the two-dimensional (2D) OIHP films are adopted as the switching layer to fabricate the RSM devices with a simplified photovoltaic structure. The device displays stable and low voltage resistive switching (RS) characteristics, with an on/off ratio greater than 106 and a switching voltage as low as 0.4 V. After adding a NiOx hole transport layer in a completed photovoltaic device, the fabricated RSM devices without encapsulation show reliable RS behavior with an endurance over 4 × 102 cycles and a retention time of 103 s in atmospheric conditions. Both Ag ions and iodine vacancies conductive filaments are responsible for the RS properties. This work provides a perspective for appvlication in high-performance 2D OIHP RSM devices compatible with photovoltaic behavior.
Monitoring viscosity in live cells based on the excited-state absorption signal in transient absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Yang Yonggang , Liu Yang , Feng Beidou , Qin Chaochao , Guan Tiantian , Wang Ge , Zhang Hua , Liu Yufang
Published: February 2023

Transient absorption (TA) signals have the features of real-time multi-signals and high sensitivity for biological monitoring, and they are less disturbed by the biological environment compared to single fluorescence signals. Two intelligently regulated probes (1-VBM and 1-VBH) are designed and synthesized with time-resolved excited-state absorption (ESA) and stimulated emission (SE) signals in TA spectroscopy. In mixed solutions of glycerol and DMSO, the ESA lifetimes of the 1-VBM probe linearly increase (y = 4.5419x + 303.98) with an increase in solvent viscosity (2.79–190.35 cP), showing similar sensitivity as SE lifetimes (y = 4.6342x + 311.06). Therefore, these TA signals can be used to monitor the viscosity of live cells. As serum changes in viscosity, 1-VBM has a sensitive and specific time-resolved ESA signal. Interestingly, the ESA signal is several times stronger than the SE signal in the serum of both healthy mice and mice with hepatoma. The lifetime of ESA signal in hepatoma serum (958.6 ps) is longer than that in normal serum (632.8 ps), which is induced by the higher blood viscosity in hepatoma mice. This indicates that the ESA signals in TA spectroscopy are a reliable marker for detecting viscosity in biological samples, and can be a potential tool for clinical diagnosis.