bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PW01-117 - Recidivism Of Internet Sex Offenders - An Epidemiologic Study On More Than 4600 Offenders In Switzerland
Authors: Goller A. , Graf M. , Frei A. , Dittmann V.
Published: June 2010

Internet sex offending is a rather new class of criminal acts and therefore little is known about previous convictions, recidivsm and especially correlation with hands-on sexual offences. Previous studies on small samples reported an insignificant correlation between previous convictions for child pornography and later contact sex offences on the one hand and an important role of pornography as a risk factor for sexual recidivsm of convicted sexual offenders. As an increasing number of defendants accused of child pornography is assigned for forensic risk assessment, better evidence and understanding of the role and the amount of the influence of child pornography on later offending is most urgently needed.

We therefore explore these correlations by means of the complete set of all offenders convicted of illegal pornography in the Swiss federal crime registry at the time of november 2008. The analysis of 4658 criminal records reveal that 7.9% of the internet sex offenders were at the same time convicted of child abuse. The child molesters with 20.7% recidivated more frequently in general, compared to 9.8% of the offenders who were not convicted of a contact offence. Furthermore, the contact offenders with 11.4% were significant more likely to reoffend in terms of illegal pornography and sexual acts involving children with 6.0%.

We will present all recidivism rates and our conclusions at the conference.
PW01-119 - Libericide And Infanticide: Socio-Demographic, Clinical And Criminological Characteristics
Authors: Richard-Devantoy S. , Annweiler C. , Cechova E. , Deguigne F. , Duflot J.-P. , Garré J.-B.
Published: June 2010

Introduction/ objective

Although it is well-known that infanticide (murder of child< 1year) is typically for young women and libericide (murder of child≥1year) for older melancholic women, comprehensive differences between these two kinds of murderers remain little-known. Our objective was to describe their demographic, clinical and criminological differences.

Method

We collected 41 psychiatric expert examinations in criminal cases of child murder between 2000 and 2005 and compared, after sex-matching, those responsible for infanticide (n=16) and libericide (n=25).

Results

Compared to perpetrators of infanticide, subjects responsible for libericide were older (24 and 33 respectively, p=0.012), and had a psychiatric history (35% versus 71%, p=0.005) and convictions for violence towards others (6% versus 29%, p=0.022). A the time of the crime, 77% of libericide perpetrators were suffering from a psychotic, depressive, cognitive or personality disorders while only 53% of perpetrators of infanticide were ill (p=0.024). Although there was no significant difference in regard of the circumstances of the act or the gender of the victim, we found that head trauma, suffocation and drowning were the most frequent means of infanticide while libericide perpetrators used more active methods such as shooting, strangulation and striking (p=0.007) in a dynamic of homicide-suicide. Finally, it has to be noted that the perpetrators of libericide were more often unfit to plead than the perpetrators of infanticide (p=0.067).

Conclusion

Our results confirm the relevance of Resnick's typology of child murders, distinguishing infanticide and libericide which different criminological dynamics are fundamental for medico-legal orientation and capacity to plead.
PW01-123 - Investigation Relationship Between Hardiness And Mental Disorder
Authors: Khanmohammadi Otaghsara A. , Baghani T.
Published: June 2010

Objective & aim

This research investigated relationship between hardiness and mental disorder based on S.C.L- 90 - R.

Method

100 university students (50 men, 50 women) by cluster sampling were randomly selected. The research instruments were mental disorder S.C.L- 90-R and Ahvaz Hardiness Inventory (AHI). Mental disorders index S.C.L- 90-R assesses depression, somatization, psychtion, anxiety, obsessive, interpersonal sensitivity, phobia, hostility and paranoia. Pearson correlation coefficient and T independent test were used to analyze the data.

Results

The findings showed that all of mental disorders indices except obsessive and interpersonal sensitivity have significant negative relationship with hardiness. Also there is no significant differences between men and women in degree of hardiness.

Conclusion

Based on results it is advised to apply plans to increase hardiness components, and with more using of hardiness components and instrument can predict mental disorders and prevent the mental disorders on time.
PW01-124 - Prevalence Of Psychiatric Co Morbidities In Traumatic Amputees-A Cross Sectional Study From Kashmir (Indian Part)
Authors: Mansoor I. , Margoob M. , Masoodi N.
Published: June 2010

Background

During cultural and social upheavals including manmade environmental factors like war and violence, drastic change takes place in people's expectations, “the meaning of life” and values. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of psychiatric co morbidities in traumatic amputees in Kashmir (Indian Part).

Methods

Subjects were 100 consecutive patients with traumatic limb amputation. In addition to assessments of physical factors, psychiatric interviews were administered to examine mental disorders including PTSD and major depression.

Results

The prevalence rates of PTSD and major depression were 20% and 63% respectively. It was followed by impulse control disorder 19%, phantom limb phenomenon 14%, generalized anxiety disorder 10% and panic disorder 6%. Motor vehicle accident and blast injuries were cause for 53% and 11% of limb amputations respectively. Majority (45%) of them were males in age group of 15-30 years. 61% were illiterate from rural areas (81%).

Discussion

These findings suggest that psychiatric co morbidity is very common in amputees. Most of the patients are males of younger age group. Major depressive disorder is the most common psychiatric co morbidity followed by anxiety disorders in which PTSD is most prevalent, followed by impulse control disorder and phantom phenomenon respectively. Individuals suffering traumatic limb loss at any age are likely to suffer subsequent difficulties with their body image, but these relationships are more striking in the younger age groups who have experienced traumatic injuries.
PW01-125 - Psychological Aspects Of Social Adaptation Of Persons In Extreme Conditions Of Labour Activity
Authors: Panchenko O. , Panchenko L. , Basarab I.
Published: June 2010

Object of research is to reveal of posttraumatic stress desorders (PTSD) of the working in extreme conditions; to reveal psychological pressure, asthenic and depressive displays and emotional features of survey.

Objective

166 persons have been surveyed which professional functioning is connected with extreme conditions of labour activity and the average work experience has made 18,5 years.

Methods

A scale for self-estimation PTSD - «the Missisipy scale», technique of colour elections Lusher, the questionnaire of psychological pressure, a scale of asthenic conditions, Bakcs questionnaire of depression, integrative test of the uneasiness. The most often surveyed is to state complaints as on somatic, and mental health: physical and emotional overfatigue, feeling of alarm, pessimism. They carry to risk factors: a constant concentration of attention, a psychoemotional pressure, unevenness in production, adverse ecological conditions of industrial premises.

Results

Infringements of emotional sphere is not revealed at 107 people (64,5%). Separate signs PTSD are fixed at 44 people (26.5%). It is diagnosed PTSD at 15 people (9 %) surveyed (р < 0,05).

Conclusions

59 people have low level of adaptive possibilities and the adverse forecast of adaptation in extreme conditions of activity is diagnosed: 21 people (35,6%) - depressive symptoms; 18 people (30,5 %) - affective infringements; 14 people (23,7%) - excessive psychological pressure;. 6 people (10,2 %) - high level of alarm. It is necessary to carry out psychocorrectional actions for the purpose the prevention of development a mental pathology.
PW01-143 - Separating Distinct Aspects Of The Voluntary Selection Between Response Alternatives: N2 And P3 Related Bold Responses
Authors: Feuerecker R. , Karch S. , Leicht G. , Meindl T. , Hantschk I. , Kirsch V. , Ertl M. , Lutz J. , Pogarell O. , Mulert C.
Published: June 2010

Voluntary selection between response alternatives belong to cognitive abilities controlling and regulating goal-directed behaviour. Voluntary selection processes are associated with increased neural activity, especially in medial and lateral frontal brain regions as well as the inferior parietal gyrus. However, the precise function of each brain region as well as the spatiotemporal characteristic of the brain regions involved is not yet clear. The aim of the present study was to disentangle distinct aspects of voluntary selection and their underlying neural processes. Hence, event-related potentials (ERPs) and functional MRI data were acquired simultaneously. Brain regions modulated by the task-induced amplitude variation of ERPs (N2, P3) were indentified. The results showed N2-related hemodynamic responses, especially in medial and lateral frontal brain regions. Among other things, medial frontal brain regions are related to conflict monitoring, control of voluntary action and decision making. By contrast, the P3-amplitude proved to be predominantly related to increased BOLD responses in the temporo-parietal junction [TPJ] and lateral frontal brain regions. These brain regions are thought to play a decisive role in an attentional network involved in detecting auditory and visual stimuli.

Overall, the results of the study indicated a whole network of brain regions to be associated with voluntary selection processes. In addition, at least some frontal brain regions seemed to be involved at an earlier stage than temporo-parietal regions, probably indicating a top-down process.
PW01-157 - Mesolimbic Dysfunction During Novelty Detection In Schizophrenia
Authors: Zierhut K. , Schulte-Kemna A. , Bogerts B. , Schiltz K.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Schizophrenia is characterized by marked disturbances of cognitive functions. One core finding is a memory dysfunction. Recently, this has been attributed to impaired hippocampus function that is crucial in comparing new to known information. Hippocampal novelty detection triggers activity of neurons in the ventral tegmental areal (VTA) to which it is reciprocally connected.

Aims

Here, we examined whether neuronal activation during the detection of novel information is impaired in these structures.

Methods

We investigated novelty detection using an fMRI oddball face paradigm with repeated novel oddballs (1-4 repetitions) in 25 patients (12 female, mean age 26 years) suffering from paranoid-hallucinatory schizophrenia and 25 healthy controls (12 female, mean age 25 years).

Results

Schizophrenia patients, relative to control subjects, showed impaired patterns of activation in mediotemporal areas, including the hippocampus, as well as in VTA/ Substantia Nigra during novelty detection. Furthermore, the activity related to detection of previously novel but repeatedly presented stimuli shows an altered adaptation in the patients.

Conclusions

In schizophrenia, the Hippocampus-VTA-loop displays a dysregulated activity pattern during novelty detection that is crucial for encoding into long-term memory. As this loop is mainly governed by dopaminergic neurotransmission these results underline the pivotal pathophysiological role of mesolimbic dopaminergic dysregulation in the pathophysiology of memory dysfunction in schizophrenia.
PW01-158 - Differentials Effects Of Olanzapine And Risperidone On Plasma Adiponectin Levels Over Time: A Prospective Study
Authors: Heald A. , Hanssens L. , Wampers M. , Van Eyck D. , van Winkel R. , de Hert M.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Recent research has shown that adiponectin levels in patients with schizophrenia vary similar to the general population. Moreover, antipsychotic medication may influence adiponectin levels, independent of metabolic parameters. We hypothesise different antipsychotics might vary in their effect on adiponectin levels independent of BMI and metabolic syndrome (MetS) status.

Methods

113 patients, with similar baseline demographic and metabolic characteristics, received either risperidone (n=54) or olanzapine (n=59). They were followed prospectively for 12 weeks. Adiponectin levels as well as general metabolic parameters were measured at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks.

Results

We observed a significant treatment by time interaction, showing an adiponectin increase in the risperidone treated patients and an adiponectin decrease in olanzapine treated patients. This effect was independent of BMI and the presence/absence of the metabolic syndrome. There was a significant association between fall in adiponectin and increase in waist circumference in the Olanzapine treated group (Figure 1).There was no change in HOMA-IR as a measure of insulin resistance in either group.

Conclusion

We observed a differential effect of antipsychotic treatment (risperidone vs olanzapine) on adiponectin levels over time, independent of BMI (and MetS) suggesting an effect of olanzapine on adipose tissues, similar to what has been observed in animals models. The effects on adiponectin levels may partly explain the increased rates of obesity with Olanzapine.
PW01-159 - Neuropsychiatric Disturbances In Chronic Viral Liver Diseases Treated With Interferon: Prevalence And Management
Authors: Roffi L. , Isella V. , Scalori A. , Santamaria G. , Bellia V. , Parravicini P. , Pioltelli P.
Published: June 2010

Depression and irritability, but also psychosis and attempted or successful suicides, are reported during interferon (IFN) therapy. IFN schedule and history of psychiatric illness are not enough to predict who will develop symptoms. Aims. To assess the prevalence of depression during IFN-therapy; to test whether a computerized version of the Minnesota-Multiphasic-Personality-Inventory (MMPI) is a reliable test for the early identification of patients at risk of depression before IFN-therapy is started; and whether and how the depression can be cured. Patients. 185 patients treated with interferon and ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C. Methods. Before therapy, all patients underwent an MMPI and a clinical examination, specifically for the identification of depressive symptoms. Results. Thirty-one patients developed a psychiatric disorder, 11 of them requiring treatment with antidepressant drugs. Among the 18 patients with MMPI positive tests, 16 developed a psychiatric disorder, 8 a severe disorder (sensitivity of 0.58; 0.73 for severe disorders).Among the 154 who did not develop psychiatric side effects, 152 had a negative MMPI (specificity: 0.99). Severe psychiatric disorders were successfully treated with antidepressant drugs. Conclusions. Psychiatric side effects are easy to see during IFN-therapy. Psychiatric evaluation should be considered on all patients before treatment. However, as specific examination cannot always be performed because of the lack of psychiatrists in liver units, it is necessary to identify tests, easy to carry out, reproducible, self-administered and inexpensive in order to screen all patients. If depression develops, it should be treated aggressively, and selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors are the anti-depressant of choice.
PW01-163 - The Rate And Causes Of Mortality In Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Sepehrmanesh Z. , Ahmadvand A.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Decrease Mortality rate in all psychiatric care is an important goal. Survey on mortality patterns in different psychiatric disorder are essential for successful plan of treatment and preventive strategies. The present study describes rate and causes of mortality among psychiatric patients with a history of psychiatric hospitalization in Kashan city, Iran.

Methods

This survey was a retrospective study. The samples (cases) were all of the psychiatric patients who had died between years 2000 to2009.They were included 44 patients. Main instrument was the inventory included: Demographic questionnaire and main cause of death according to medical records and registration center of mortality in health organization.

Findings

Results showed that the highest mortality rate respectively were among patients with Major depressive disorder (n= 14, 31.8%), bipolar disorder (n=15, 34.1%), Schizophrénie (n=9, 20.5%), obsessive - compulsive (n= 3, 6.8%) post traumatic stress disorder (n= 2, 4.5%) and personality disorder (n=1, 2.3%).The most causes of mortality respectively were suicide (n= 8. 18.2%), cardio vascular disease (n= 8,18.2%), accident (n= 3, 6.8%), cancer (n= 2, 4.6%) Diabetes (n= 2, 4.6), respiratory disease (n =2,4.6%), kidney disease (n= 24.6%), Cerebrovascular disease (n=2,4.6%), Dementia (n= 1,2.2%) and 14 ones had died with unspecified causes.

Conclusions

Prevention of unnatural death (suicide) is an important goal for decreasing mortality rate in psychiatric patients and so attention to cardiovascular disease in this group is essential. Therefore we should consider medical problems in this group.
PW01-53 - Investigation Of Job Satisfaction And Mental Health In Health Care Workers In Central Greece
Authors: Borou A. , Wozniak G. , Roupa Z. , Mouzas O.
Published: June 2010

Objective

The objective of the present work was the investigation of the general health level and factors that influence the job satisfaction in a sample of health care workers that they serve in primary, secondary and tertiary health care in Central Greece.

Materials and methods

500 professionals of health were administered:

a)

a closed type questionnaire of job satisfaction evaluation, based on Likert scale, and

b)

the questionnaire of general health GHQ-28.

Health Care Workers in the 2 general hospitals and in the health centers of Lamia and Larissa, as well as in the Regional University Hospital of Larissa participated in the study. 386 sufficiently filled in questionnaires were evaluated. Statistics was processed with SPSS (version 15.0). Level of statistical importance was considered at p < 0.05.

Results

93 participants (24,1%) were men and 291 (75,4%) were women. The work load, the occasions of development and the collaboration with colleagues were the critical factors in which the nurses exhibited worse statistically significantly scores in comparison with the other groups of health professionals. In the factor “job satisfaction” the nurses had lower scores (intermediate =3, IQR=2-5) compared with non- nurses (intermediate = 5, IQR=3-6) p< 0,001. In the same parameters the workers in the hospitals presented with worse scores than the workers in the health centers. The anxiety level stress of nurses is high.

Conclusion

The nurses constitute the group of health care workers with the lower job satisfaction and the highest anxiety levels.
PW01-169 - Affective Attunement. Towards An Alternative Explanation Of Delusion
Authors: Varga S.
Published: June 2010

In the course of this paper it will be argued that the Cotard's and Capgras' delusions results from an anomalous perceptual experience, caused by the lack of affective responsiveness. The central difference seems to lie in the attributional manner: Capgras patients interpret the resultant experiences in a paranoid, projective attributional manner, while Cotard patients interpret them in a depressive, introjective attributional manner.

The main idea of this paper is that a philosophical analyse of anomalous experience in these delusions can help us to modify the traditional assumptions about the primacy of cognitive or theoretical attitudes to the world. I will argue that primacy is to be granted to an affective attunement to the world, which functions as a subpersonal mechanism of qualitative bodily responses. What these delusions show us is that the disruption of this affective attunement leads to a cognitive deficit, in which the patient accepts a belief that is incoherent with the rest of her believes.
PW01-171 - Coping Strategies In Adolescents With Psychotic-Like Experiences
Authors: Fonseca-Pedrero E. , Lemos-Giráldez S. , Paino M. , Sierra-Baigrie S. , Villazón-García U. , Bobes J. , Muñiz J.
Published: June 2010

Coping strategies have been defined as the cognitive-behavioral efforts in continuous change made by a subject in order to manage internal and/or external demands which exceed his/her personal resources (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984). Said coping strategies have been extensively investigated in individuals with symptoms of psychosis-proneness.

Objectives

The main objective of the present study was to compare the coping strategies used by adolescents with and without subclinical psychotic symptoms.

Method

The sample was composed of 1,713 Spanish adolescents, 881 (51.4%) females, with a mean age of 14.7 years (SD = 1.7).

Results

The results showed that the adolescents with subclinical psychotic symptoms used Avoidance-type coping strategies more frequently and Positive-type coping strategies less frequently in comparison to the control group.

Conclusions

These findings indicate a pattern of deficit in the strategies used to cope with stress similar to that of patients with schizophrenia, which is very interesting with a view to establishing lines of intervention within early detection and treatment programs for high-risk individuals aimed at modifying these patterns of deficit in coping with environmental stimuli in these populations.
PW01-172 - Treatment Effects Of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (Rtms) On Patients With Chronic Tinnitus Aurium
Authors: Acker J. , Scholz F. , Piehl A. , Scharold S. , Richter K. , Niklewski G.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

In the Federal Republic of Germany about 3 million people suffer from tinnitus/are hit by tinnitus, numerous of them depend on intensive medical care. The repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is considered to be an innovative and promising therapy in tinnitus treatment. Low frequency stimulation is meant to reduce the abnormal neural activity in the auditory cortex. This study focuses on the efficacy of rTMS with tinnitus patients in the course of a multi disciplinary / an interdisciplinary therapy concept.

Methods

From November 2008 to June 2009 29 outpatients with chronic tinnitus were treated by low frequency rTMS (1 Hz frequency, 2000 impulses, intensity 110%) for 10 proceedings, stimulating the sinistral auditory cortex with a figure-of-eight-coil. Prior to and afterwards the proceedings questionnaires and assessments of a psychologist took place, afterwards statistical analyses were conducted, the data was explored and systematically discussed.

Results

The severity index of the tinnitus as well as the depression symptoms of the subjects improved significantly. The average reduction rate of the tinnitus score is set at 7 points. With a response criterion at the minimum of 5 points, 57% were declared as responder, 29% as non-responder and 4 patients (14%) described an increase of the tinnitus loudness/annoyance.

Conclusions

The results show that the rTMS works as a helpful treatment tool with tinnitus patients and should be considered as an option in the routine tinnitus treatment.
PW01-174 - Impaired Fear Conditioning To Thermal Pain Stimuli In Fibromyalgia Patients - An Experimental Study
Authors: Jenewein J. , Ettlin D. , Moergeli H. , Hasler G. , Sprott H.
Published: June 2010

Objective

Pain is a complex experience that normally signals actual or potential tissue damage. Anticipatory anxiety to an unpredictable danger increases pain intensity and unpleasantness in healthy subjects. This study addressed the impact of anticipatory anxiety on pain perception in patients with chronic pain conditions for the first time.

Method

28 female subjects with chronic pain (14 fibromyalgia (FM), 14 rheumatoid arthritis (RA)) and 14 age-matched healthy controls (HC) underwent differential Pavlovian delay conditioning. Conditioned stimuli included visual stimuli (simple black squares and triangles) and were paired with thermal stimuli of low temperatures (CS-), and in a pseudorandomized way in the other half of the trials with high (CS+paired) or low temperatures (CS+unpaired) of 6 sec duration. The conditioned response was measured by pain/anxiety self-rating and heart rate changes.

Results

Subjects of the RA and HC, but not the FM group, rated the pain intensity of the same stimulus (low temperature) significantly higher in the unpredictable condition (CS+unpaired) than in the predictable condition (CS-). Mixed models analyses yielded a significant group-CS interaction with regard to anxiety, pain and heart rate in RA and HC, but not in FM

Conclusions

Results support impaired fear conditioning in FM including higher pain and anxiety perception even in save conditions compared to RA and HC. Since anxiety and anxiety-related behaviour may substantially contribute to the development and maintenance of chronic pain in FM, the results of this research may provide clues for further research in psychophysiology and psychological treatment in patients with FM.
PW01-179 - Effect Of Cannabis Misuse On Duration Of Untreated Psychosis And Pathways To Care Of Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Fiorillo A. , Giacco D. , Luciano M. , Vinci V. , Del Vecchio V.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

This study aimed to assess:

a)

the socio-demographic characteristics of patients with schizophrenia who were using cannabis at time of first appearing of psychotic symptoms;

b)

the impact of cannabis on the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and on pathways to care;

c)

the influence of cannabis on the clinical onset and on the first three years of the disorder.

Methods

Twenty-two patients with a recent onset (< 3 years) of schizophrenia were consequently recruited at the Department of Psychiatry of the University of Naples SUN. Socio-demographic characteristics, pathways to care and DUP were investigated by ad-hoc schedules.

Results

About 60% of patients were using cannabis at onset of schizophrenia. All of them were male and did not have a job and with a lower education level. “Cannabis users” had a first contact with general practitioners earlier than “non cannabis users”, but their DUP was longer, as a consequence of significant delays in access to mental health care. Cannabis users showed higher rates of suicide attempts and relapses in the first three years, suggesting a more severe course of the disorder in the “critical period” of schizophrenia in this population.

Conclusions

The results of the study emphasize the need:

a)

to carry out sensitization campaigns among young people in order to reduce the use of cannabis and other illicit drugs;

b)

to promote information on schizophrenia for general practitioners.
PW01-180 - Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Is A Predictor Of Excess Mortality In Schizophrenia: A Naturalistic 7 Year Follow-Up
Authors: Heun R. , Potluri R. , Natalwala A.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is more prevalent in patients with schizophrenia compared to the general population. However, there is a lack of evidence that co-morbidity with this and/or other physical diseases lead to excess mortality in schizophrenia. We investigated whether diabetes and other diseases are increased and are predictors of mortality in schizophrenia.

Methods

During 2000-2007, 679 patients with schizophrenia were admitted to University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, co-morbidities were compared with 88778 age- and gender group-matched hospital controls. Predictors of mortality were identified using logistic regression.

Results

Type 2 diabetes mellitus was increased in schizophrenia compared to hospital controls (11.3 versus 6.3%). The prevalence of diabetes mellitus at first admission was higher in later deceased patients with schizophrenia (n=100, 24.0%) than those surviving (n=579, 9.2%). Predictors of mortality in schizophrenia were age (relative risk RR=1.1/year), type 2 diabetes mellitus (RR=2.2), pneumonia (RR=2.7), heart failure (RR=2.9) and chronic renal failure (RR=3.2). The impact of diabetes mellitus on mortality was significantly higher in schizophrenia than in hospital controls (RR=2.2 versus RR=1.1), deceased schizophrenics had more often suffered diabetes mellitus than deceased controls (10.5%).

Conclusions

Co-morbidity with diabetes mellitus is increased in schizophrenia in comparison with hospital controls; it also causes significant excess mortality in schizophrenia. Thus, monitoring for and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus is of utmost relevance in schizophrenia.
PW01-188 - Characterization Of Cariprazine (Rgh-188) D3/D2 Receptor Occupancy In Healthy Volunteers And Schizophrenic Patients By Positron Emission Tomography (Pet)
Authors: Laszlovszky I. , Gage A. , Kapas M. , Ghahramani P.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

To evaluate the striatal D3/D2 receptor occupancy of cariprazine (RGH-188) in healthy volunteers and schizophrenic patients, and assess the correlation between cariprazine plasma concentration and receptor occupancy.

Methods

Single- (0.5 mg) or multiple-dose (1 mg/day, 14 days) cariprazine was administered to healthy adult males (N=5) in an open-label positron emission tomography (PET) study. In a separate open-label PET study, multiple-dose cariprazine (0.5-3.0 mg/day, 14 days) was administered to adult male schizophrenic patients (N=8). Healthy volunteers had 1 predose and 1 postdose raclopride PET scan; schizophrenic patients had 1 predose and up to 3 postdose fallypride scans. Cariprazine plasma concentrations were determined by LC-MS/MS.

Results

In healthy volunteers, single-dose cariprazine 0.5 mg resulted in low plasma concentration (0.1 ng/ml) and was associated with 12% maximum D3/D2 receptor occupancy; cariprazine 1 mg/day for 14 days resulted in cariprazine plasma concentrations of 2.3-3.4 ng/ml and >70% D3/D2 receptor occupancy. In schizophrenic patients, cariprazine 1.5 mg/day for 14 days resulted in cariprazine plasma concentrations of 2.5-3.4 ng/ml and >70% receptor occupancy; cariprazine 3.0 mg/day resulted in ≥90% occupancy. Predicted Emax values in schizophrenic patients approached 100% D3/D2 occupancy for dorsal and ventral striatum.

Conclusions

D3/D2 receptor occupancy in dorsal and ventral striatum was similar for cariprazine 1.0 mg/day in healthy volunteers and cariprazine 1.5 mg/day in schizophrenic patients. In both, higher receptor occupancy was associated with higher cariprazine plasma concentration. Cariprazine at 1.5 to 3.0 mg/day showed D3/D2 receptor occupancy within the predicted effective antipsychotic range.
PW01-193 - Safety And Efficacy Of Long-Term Asenapine Versus Olanzapine In Schizophrenia Or Schizoaffective Disorder Patients
Authors: Schoemaker J. , Naber D. , Jansen W. , Panagides J. , Emsley R.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Asenapine is indicated in adults for acute treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder. Here, the long-term safety and efficacy of asenapine versus olanzapine is described in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patients treated for up to 3 years.

Methods

In a 1-year core study, patients were randomized to double-blind treatment with asenapine (5 or 10 mg BID) or olanzapine (10-20 mg QD). Patients completing the core study, and willing to continue treatment, received up to an additional 2 years of double-blind treatment. Safety evaluations assessments included adverse events (AEs), vital signs, body weight, and extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). Efficacy, changes in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score, was evaluated in the intent-to-treat population using observed cases.

Results

In 440 enrolled patients (asenapine, 290; olanzapine, 150), the mean±SD daily dose was 13.4±4.1 mg for both asenapine and olanzapine; total exposure duration (including core study exposure) was 676.3±148.1 and 692.5±140.7 days for asenapine and olanzapine, respectively. Mean weight gain was 1.6 kg with asenapine and 5.0 kg with olanzapine; incidence of clinically significant weight gain was 28% and 40%, respectively. Incidence of EPS-related AEs was 4.5% with asenapine and 3.3% with olanzapine. AEs occurring in ≥10% of patients treated for up to 3 years will be listed. Mean±SD changes in PANSS total score over the course of the extension study were 1.7±11.0 with asenapine and -0.8±9.5 with olanzapine.

Conclusions

Asenapine and olanzapine were well tolerated and maintained efficacy in patients receiving up to 3 years of treatment.
PW01-200 - Ethnic Differences And Similarities In Treatment Of Common Mental Disorders In Primary And Outpatient Mental Health Care In The Netherlands
Authors: Fassaert T. , Peen J. , Nielen M. , van Straten A. , de Wit M. , Schrier A. , Heijnen H. , Cuijpers P. , Verhoeff A. , Beekman A. , Verheij R. , Dekker J.
Published: June 2010

Objective

There are widespread concerns about the quality of mental health care for ethnic minority groups. This is supported mainly by studies from the U.S. and Great-Britain, raising doubts about the generalisability to (other) European countries. This study investigates ethnic differences in quality of care (QoC) for common mental disorders (CMD) in primary and outpatient mental health care in the Netherlands.

Methods

Data from electronic records of 89 primary care practices in 2007 (6,246 cases), and longitudinal data (2001 - 2005) from a nationwide psychiatric case register (17,270 cases). Quality of primary care indicators were ‘detection of CMD’, ‘adequate follow-up’, ‘adequate prescription of psychotropics’ and ‘referral to specialised mental health care’. Outpatient mental health care indicators were ‘waiting times’, ‘treatment intensity’, ‘early dropout’ and ‘early re-registration.

Results

Compared with ethnic Dutch, quality of primary care was less for Turkish clients (CMD less likely to be detected) and Surinamese/Antillean clients (less than adequate prescription of psychotropics). Outpatient mental health treatment was less favourable for Moroccan and Turkish clients (longer waiting times and lower treatment intensity), but more favourable for Surinamese/Antillean clients (shorter waiting times and lower dropout).

Conclusions

The data do not provide sufficient support for a generalising statement that quality of CMD treatment is less favourable for ethnic minority clients. Though negative findings are not to be disregarded, positive findings - which may be related to the promotion of culturally sensitive care approaches in mainstream mental health services - deserve attention as well.
PW01-202 - Difference In Profile Of Non-Psychotic Clients Treated In Daily Hospital Of Mental Health Protection Clinic In Nis 1998 And 2008
Authors: Mihajlovic S. , Stevanovic M.
Published: June 2010

Objective of the work

The objective of this work is to check the assumption that changed social and economic factors causes change in some of the characteristics of non-psychotic clients treated in the daily hospital.

Method

The investigation included 77 clients treated in the daily hospital in 1998 and 82 clients in 2008. Distribution of both groups was done according to the age, work status, duration of previous psychiatric treatment and diagnostic categories.

Results

The result of the work indicates that the profile of a non-psychotic client changes showing an increase of the number of the clients over 50 (participated as 22.07% and 47.56% in 1998 and 2008, respectively). The increase of the number of unemployed of 9.09% in 1998 and 42.68% in 2008 was observed. The increase of number of the clients treated less than one year was also observed (23.37% and 50% in 1998 and 2008 respectively). There are no more significant percentage differences regarding affective disorders (32.46% in 1998 and 34.14% in 2008) and in the category of personality disorder and adults behavior disorder (9.09% in 1998 and 9.75% in 2008).

Neurotic stress associated and somatoform disorders were slightly increased in 2008 (50%) in relation to 1998 (40.25%), with significantly increased number of the clients in F 43 diagnostic category, from 7.79% during 1998 to 31,70% during 2008.

Conclusion

The results obtained point out that change in social and economic factors causes changes in the profile of non-psychotic clients in daily hospital.
PW01-206 - People'S Perception Of Their Involuntary Admission At One Year Follow-Up And Readmission Rates To Hospital
Authors: O’Donoghue B. , Lyne J. , Hill M. , O’Rourke L. , Daly S. , Larkin C. , Feeney L. , O’Callaghan E.
Published: June 2010

Background

There is limited knowledge of how individuals reflect on their involuntary admission.

Objectives

To investigate, at one year after an involuntary admission,

(i)

peoples perception of the necessity of their involuntary admission

(ii)

the enduring impact on the relationship with their family, consultant psychiatrist and employment prospects

(iii)

readmission rates to hospital and risk factors for readmission.

Methods

People that were admitted involuntarily over a 15 month period were re-interviewed at one year following discharge.

Results

Sixty eight people were re-interviewed at one year and this resulted in a follow-up rate of 84%. Prior to discharge, 72% of people reported that their involuntary admission had been necessary however this reduced to 60% after one year. Over one third of people changed their views and the majority of these patients reflected negatively towards their involuntary admission.

One quarter of people continued to experience a negative impact on the relationship with a family member and their consultant psychiatrist one year after an involuntary admission, while 13% reported a positive impact. A similar proportion perceived that it had negative consequences in their employment.

Within one year, 43% of all patients involuntarily admitted in the study period were readmitted to hospital and half of these admissions were involuntary. Involuntary readmission was associated with a sealing over recovery style.

Conclusions

Peoples’ perception of the necessity of their involuntary admissions changes significantly over time. Involuntary admissions can have a lasting negative impact on the relationship with family members and treating consultant psychiatrist.
PW01-209 - Implicit Self-Stigma In People With Mental Illness
Authors: Rüsch N. , Corrigan P.W. , Todd A.R. , Bodenhausen G.V.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

People with mental illness often internalise negative stereotypes, resulting in self-stigma and low self-esteem (‘People with mental illness are bad and therefore I am bad, too’; Corrigan and Watson 2002, Rüsch et al 2006). Despite strong evidence for self-stigma's negative impact as assessed by selfreport measures, it is unclear whether self-stigma operates in an automatic, implicit manner, potentially outside conscious awareness and control.

Methods

We therefore assessed (i) negative implicit attitudes toward mental illness and (ii) low implicit self-esteem, using two Brief Implicit Association Tests (Sriram and Greenwald 2009) in 85 people with mental illness. Implicit self-stigma was operationalised as the product of both implicit measures. Explicit self-stigma and quality of life were assessed by self-report.

Results

Greater implicit and explicit self-stigma independently predicted lower quality of life after controlling for depressive symptoms, diagnosis, and demographic variables.

Conclusions

Implicit self-stigma is a measurable construct and is associated with negative outcomes. Attempts to reduce self-stigma (Knight et al 2006) should address implicit-automatic processes.
PW01-211 - The Influence Of National Alcohol Control Program On The Clinical Work Of Psychiatrists In Kaunas Region
Authors: Adomaitiene V. , Taranda V. , Jaras A. , Dambrauskienė K. , Lygnugarytė A. , Andriuškevičienė L.
Published: June 2010

According to the figures from State Mental Health Center in 2004 - 2008, the changes in morbidity of alcohol addiction are insignificant (from 1885,9 to 1774,6/100 000 residents), but there is an increase in morbidity of alcohol related psychoses (from 69,5 to 110 /100 000 residents), as well as increase in alcohol consumption (from 7 to 13,3 litres per resident). In 2005 alcohol control and prevention program was launched in Lithuania.

Objective

The goal of the study was to analyse the influence of National alcohol control program to the rate of visits in Kaunas District Dependence Diseases Center.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of visits to Kaunas District Dependence Diseases Center between 2004 - 2008 (5 year period) was conducted. 28456 cases were analysed. Visits in relation to Mental and behavioural disorders caused by alcohol consumption were included.

Results

28456 visits were registered in Kaunas District Dependence Diseases Center between 2004 - 2008, 8965 (31,5%) of them were related to F10. During five year period the number of visits decreased from 1669 to 1316. The most frequent diagnosis was abstinence condition, bet were was no statistically confident change noted. Visits of women increased from 100 to 205.

Conclusions

It could be hypothesised that morbidity of addiction to alcohol is decreasing. Because of a better information campaign the number of visits by women has increased. There was no notable change in the number of psychoses disorders.
PW01-212 - Correlates Of Home Smoking Restrictions Among Lithuanian Adult Smokers
Authors: Adomaitienė V. , Dambrauskienė K. , Klumbienė J. , Veryga A. , Jaras A. , Taranda V. , Vilkas V.
Published: June 2010

Objective

The aim of study was to estimate the relationships among smoking/quitting behavior, having a smoke-free home and a number of social variables, including perceived family pressure to quit, the presence of adult non-smokers and children in the household, and belief in the harmfulness of secondhand smoke.

Methods

The study analyses data from Lithuanian adult population health behavior surveys, performed in period of 1994- 2008. For every survey the national random sample of 3000 inhabitants aged 20-64 was taken from the National Population Register. The study material was collected through mailed questionnaires covering smoking habits, sociodemographic characteristics.

Results

65% of current smokers reported living in a home with a total smoking ban, 35% reported having no restrictions on smoking in the home. Report of a recent quit attempt and intention to quit were associated with family preference that the smoker not smoke. Smoke-free homes appear to prolong time to relapse following cessation. Male smokers were more likely than females to report smoke-free homes, and such reports decreased with age. Smokers were nearly 5 times more likely to report smoke-free homes if they lived with a non-smoking adult and child compared to when there was no child or adult nonsmoker in the household, and over 4 times more likely to report a smoke-free home if they believed in the harmfulness of secondhand smoke.

Conclusions

Social influences, especially at the family level, motivate smokers to modify smokers’ behavior in ways that would help them quit and stay quit.
PW01-216 - The Impulsivity Changes Associated To Alcohol And Cocaine Use
Authors: Aragues M. , Rubio G. , Martínez-Gras I. , Ponce G. , Rodriguez-Jimenez R. , Bagney A. , Jimenez-Arriero M.A. , Palomo T.
Published: June 2010

Impulsivity is associated with different types of disorders, included substance used disorders. The purposed of this study is get to know if alcohol and cocaine affect in the same way to the impulsivity paradigms or if they strength each other or if there are specific bias associated to each one of the substances.

Material and methods

This is a 380 heavy drinker patient's sample recruited from twelve primary care centers. The patients were screened using The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT > 8). Neuropsicological tests done at the base line and after the 4 years of the study were the Continous Performance Test (CPT) and the Barrat Impulsivity scale. The alcohol and cocaine consume accumulated along the four years was also study.

Results

The two variables of the CPT (ommission and commission errors) had a significant correlation with the alcohol and cocaine use accumulated in these four years. The variable that was associated with a greater risk of making more commission and ommission errors was the cocaine risk consumption. The years of study were protective variable.

Conclusions

The most important conclusion of this study is that alcohol and cocaine use produces a modification in the conductual paradigm of impulsivity characterized by the inhibition difficulties measured by the CPT. Also, the cocaine use effects are added respect to the alcohol ones and finally that cocaine plus alcohol effects over the number of ommission and commission errors are more potent that the ones made only with alcohol.
PW01-218 - Apoptosis Of Lymphocytes In Alcoholic Patients During Withdrawal Syndrome Therapy
Authors: Bokhan N. , Zhernova E. , Vyalova N. , Ivanova S.
Published: June 2010

Objective

Aim of this investigation was to study processes of apoptosis in lymphocytes in alcoholic patients during withdrawal syndrome with method of microwave resonance therapy (MRT).

Methods

30 men 31-57 years old with alcoholism (average course of disease was 15 years) were examined along with 30 healthy age-matched men. Examination of alcoholics was carried out in dynamics: at admission of patients with severe withdrawal syndrome (point 1) and after 2 week treatment (point 2). Expression of FAS receptors on lymphocytes was assessed using an indirect immunofluorescence microscopy with monoclonal antibodies to CD95 antigen. The proportion of cells with sings of apoptosis was evaluated by light microscopy of blood smears in terms of morphological changes typical of apoptosis in lymphocytes.

Results

The relative content of bloodstream lymphocytes expressing receptors of readiness to Fas-dependent apoptosis (CD95) in alcoholics with severe withdrawal syndrome and after their treatment (16, 32±1,39% and 15,43±5,12% respectively) exceeds analogous index in healthy men (12,00±0,77%, p< 0,05). Percentage content of apoptotic lymphocytes in alcoholic patients was 2,68±0,46% before treatment and 2,15±1,93% after treatment (0,97±0,35% in controls, p< 0,05). It has been found that tindex of apoptosis realization was significantly decreased in alcoholic patients after the treatment in comparison with those before treatment (13,44% and 21,03% respectively).

Conclusion

According to obtained results it may by assumed that alcohol increases readiness of lymphocytes to apoptosis but activation of mechanisms controlling and limiting the processes of programmed cell death during the therapy results in decrease of apoptosis realization index in alcoholic patients.