bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The art of balance: Indigenous sport governance between traditional government and self-governance
Authors: Lehtonen Kati , Skille Eivind Åsrum , Fahlén Josef
Published: November 2023

The governance of Indigenous people is in many contexts a combination of political ambitions to promote self-governance, and more traditional policies and governance practices. These combinations often carry unintended contradictions and exclusionary processes. In this article, we investigate the consequences of one such contradiction: the aspiration for self-determination and self-governance on the one hand and the aspiration for broader political influence in decisions about resources to Sámi sport on the other. Since legitimation of governance structures and practices is essential for their overall functionality, we constructed the research question: What strategies are used to legitimise the policy and governance practices of Sámi sport? To explore this research question, we employed Sámi sport in Finland as an empirical case. Results show that authorisation as a legitimation strategy is prominent and used at institutional and individual levels. Moral evaluation as strategy is based on authoritative actors’ personal choice. Inclusion and integration in mainstream policy is seen as a rational legitimation strategy, which is supported by narratives where smallness and uniqueness are dominant.
Association between circHIPK3/miR-378a-3p/HDAC4 axis and osteoporotic fractures: A comprehensive investigation
Authors: Wang Lei , Sheng Zhen , Yao Tao
Published: November 2023

Background

Osteoporotic fractures (OFs) are a significant public health issue, which can lead to pain and impaired mobility. The underlying mechanisms of OFs remain unclear, but recent studies have suggested that the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA pathway may play a crucial role.

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the potential involvement of the circHIPK3/miR-378a-3p/HDAC4 pathway in the pathogenesis of OFs.

Methods

We collected tissue and serum samples from 10 patients with OFs and 10 healthy controls. The expression levels of circHIPK3, miR-378a-3p, and HDAC4 were measured by qPCR and WB. Additionally, we quantified the serum levels of bone metabolism-related indicators (ALP, OC, TRAP, OCIF, ODF) using ELISA.

Results

Our results revealed significant upregulation of circHIPK3 and HDAC4 in both tissue and serum samples from OF patients compared with controls. Simultaneously, we detected a lower expression level of miR-378a-3p in OF tissues and serum than that in the control group. Furthermore, the serum levels of bone metabolism-related indicators ALP, TRAP, OCIF, and ODF were significantly higher in OF patients than in the control group. Interestingly, the serum level of OCIF was lower in OF patients than in the control group.

Conclusion

Our study provides important evidence for the involvement of the circHIPK3/miR-378a-3p/HDAC4 pathway in the pathogenesis of OFs. The upregulation of circHIPK3 and HDAC4 and downregulation of miR-378a-3p observed in OF patients suggests their potential regulatory effects on bone metabolism. Meanwhile, abnormal expression of serum bone metabolism-related indicators may contribute to the development of OFs by disrupting the balance of bone remodeling.
Optimizing base isolation system parameters using a fuzzy reinforced butterfly optimization: A case study of the 2023 Kahramanmaras earthquake sequence
Authors: Kandemir Elif Cagda , Mortazavi Ali
Published: November 2023

This study aims to obtain the viable parameters of base isolation systems that are utilized in buildings with seismic isolation and specially located in Turkey. To provide a more accurate representation of real-world scenarios, the study accounts for severe ground motion records simultaneously during the dynamic response analysis of the structure. Three records are taken from the 2023 Turkey earthquake (records for Elbistan, Nurdagi, and Pazarcik). The optimization model's objective function is to minimize the ratio of the roof acceleration to the peak ground acceleration. To ensure realistic outcomes, certain isolation parameters are constrained, such as maintaining the damping ratio and period within a predetermined range as well as the maximum lateral drift of the structure. An upgraded variant of the Butterfly Optimization Algorithm, known as the Fuzzy Butterfly Optimization Algorithm (FBOA), is employed to address the presented optimization model. The FBOA technique incorporates a fuzzy decision-making mechanism that adjusts its search strategy according to the prevailing conditions of the present problem. In addition, the FBOA method utilizes a new auxiliary vector called virtual butterfly, which provides information on the entire population based on each agent's quality. Consequently, FBOA transforms into a self-regulating search algorithm, eliminating the requirement for any external parameters. Results have verified the effectiveness of FBOA in detecting optimal parameters of the proposed isolation system.
A Novel Intervention to Simultaneously Address the Dual Pathologies of Breathing Disorders During Sleep and Undiagnosed Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in School-Aged Children Ages 5–12
Authors: Paracha Hamza , Parker Davidson Karen , Dixon Corby , Wilde Zach
Published: November 2023

Purpose:

To evaluate the improvement of ADHD related symptoms in school-aged children ages 5 to 12 in treatment with a monobloc appliance (MOA) for Sleep Disordered Breathing (SDB).

Methods:

A retrospective review of questionnaire scores of ADHD symptoms from school-aged children being treated with a MOA for SDB. Data was obtained from parent survey questionnaires of 40 school-aged children in three dental offices in treatment with an MOA for SDB showing symptoms of ADHD yet to be confirmed with a formal diagnosis between 2019 and 2021. ADHD symptom scores were ascertained by a parent survey questionnaire completed at the initial visit before MOA treatment, and 2 to 6 months, and 7+ months during MOA treatment.

Results:

At the 7+ month endpoint, 17 of the 28 (61%) children ages 5 to 12 saw at least a 1-point drop in the sum of their questionnaire scores indicating an improvement in ADHD symptoms after initiating treatment with an MOA. Although there was a reduction of the overall average symptom score from the initial visit to 2 to 6 months ( M = 4.06, SD ± 1.55), a statistically significant improvement in ADHD symptoms occurred at the 7+ month endpoint ( M = 15.29, SD ± 4.50) during MOA treatment.

Conclusions:

Treatment with an MOA may be highly effective in addressing the dual pathologies of SDB and ADHD in school-age children ages 5 to 12.
Pediatric Odontogenic Tumors
Authors: Liu Yingci , Smith Molly Housley , Patel Paras B. , Bilodeau Elizabeth Ann
Published: November 2023

Odontogenic tumors are rare tumors of the jaws that arise from remnants of the tooth forming apparatus. Some odontogenic tumors demonstrate strong predilection for pediatric patients including the unicystic ameloblastoma, adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, ameloblastic fibroma, ameloblastic fibro-odontoma, odontoma, and primordial odontogenic tumor. In this review, we discuss the clinical, radiographic, histopathologic, and molecular characteristics of select odontogenic tumors that demonstrate pediatric predilection and review management.
Completion of the Maternal Health Care Continuum—Barriers and Facilitators Among Pregnant Women in Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia: A Prospective Study
Authors: Kitila Sena Belina , Feyissa Garumma Tolu , Wordofa Muluemebet Abera
Published: November 2023

Background:

Continuum of care (CoC) for Maternal Health Care (MHC) is a key strategy aimed at saving lives and promoting the well-being of women and newborns. To achieve the global targets for reducing maternal and newborn mortality, it is preferable to ensure the completion of key care stages (Antenatal, Institutional Delivery, and Postnatal) rather than fragmented care. Therefore, investigating the determinants of CoC completion for MHC is imperative for recommending schemes and designing strategies.

Objective:

To assess the determinants influencing completion of the maternal healthcare continuum among pregnant women in Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia.

Methods and Materials:

A community-based prospective study was conducted from July 2020 to June 2021 among 1065 pregnant women from randomly selected woredas in Jimma Zone. The data were collected, entered using Epi-data and analyzed with SPSS software. Binary logistic regression was used to select candidate variables for multivariate analysis. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify associations between the dependent and independent factors. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to determine the socioeconomic index.

Results:

The overall completion rate was 16.1% (CI, 13.8%–18.5%), with significant dropouts observed between the first and the fourth ANC. Factors associated with the completion of MHC included the women’s residence (AOR: 1.73 95% CI: 1.07, 2.81), educational status of their partners (AOR: 5.60 95% CI: 2.40, 13.08), women’s occupation (AOR: 2.57 95% CI: 1.28, 5.16), knowledge of ANC (AOR: 7.64 95% CI: 4.03, 14.48), knowledge of PNC (AOR: 4.88 95% CI: 3.21, 7.42), service provided during ANC contacts (AOR: 3.39 95% CI: 1.94, 5.93), parity (AOR: 1.86 95% CI: 1.11, 3.12), time of booking for ANC (AOR: 2.10 95% CI: 1.45, 3.03), and nature of care (AOR: 2.03 95% CI: 1.07, 3.82). Additionally, factors such as topography, distance, lack of transportation, facility closeness, and indirect costs were associated with the completion for MHC.

Conclusion and Recommendations:

The completion rate of CoC for MHC remains low. Factors influencing completion include women’s residence, partners’ educational status, women’s occupation, services provided during ANC, history of PNC use, parity, time of booking for ANC, knowledge of ANC and PNC, and nature of care. To address this, strategies should focus on empowering women economically, improving knowledge of ANC and PNC, enhancing the capacity of health facilities to provide comprehensive ANC services, and making the service delivery more supportive. Further research is recommended to explore the impact of CoC for MHC on birth outcomes.
Decolonial social movements as translators: Converting prefigurative initiatives into political and legal change tools
Authors: Barros Marcos , Rose Janna
Published: November 2023

Social movement scholars have been discussing the limits of prefigurative initiatives, based on the present enactment of desired futures, in promoting supportive institutional structures. However, research has yet to explore fully how prefigurative means can be meaningfully converted into structural ends. Our paper explores the role of decolonial social movements, centered on challenging institutional legacies of colonialism, and their translating processes into filling this gap. Through our decolonial analysis of the International Monsanto Tribunal, we show how prefigurative translation—that is, process through which alternative organizing principles are converted into proposals of enabling policies and laws—connected prefiguring principles to structuring efforts by bridging alternative voices and negating Monsanto’s damaging actions. As a result of bringing together actors’ sharing similar struggles and horizons and deconstructing current problematic structures, they helped translating their principles and practices into political and legal change tools. Our research contributes to the nascent perspective of decolonial social movements as translators by exploring the process through which they help to defend and promote alternatives from a position with, against, and beyond entrenched hostile structures, often a product of colonial heritage. Furthermore, we propose the prefigurative translation role of negating actions as essential to creating “concrete utopias” anchored on real-world struggles and deconstructing problematic translations. Finally, our analysis suggests that, in this process, the presence of “translation arbiters” is important in recognizing, connecting and balancing alternative organizing principles that are traditionally hidden or devalued.
The effects of imposed swirling flow on the transport and deposition of particulate pollutants in the 90° industrial duct bends: An Eulerian-Lagrangian approach
Authors: Han Kun , Diao Yongfa , Zhuang Jiawei , Chu Minghao
Published: November 2023

Duct bend is one of the important parts of ventilation and dust removal systems, and particles deposited in curved ducts can reduce system efficiency or cause erosion on the bend wall. To investigate whether particle deposition is affected by imposed swirl on fluid flow, this article combines the RSM turbulence model and the Discrete Phase Model (DPM) to predict the deposition efficiency of particles in the bend under high Reynolds number conditions. The results show that the imposed swirl flow modifies the secondary flow initially dominated by the pressure gradient caused by the curvature effect. With the gradual increase of the swirl number ( S n), the deposition efficiency of the particles gradually decreased. However, when the swirl number is low ( S n ≤ 0.17), particles with smaller Stokes numbers are more susceptible to the intensity of turbulence. The higher the turbulence intensity near the wall, the easier it is for low inertia particles ( St ≤ 0.456) to deposit. The higher swirl intensity dominates the centrifugal force, reduces the turbulent intensity in the central region of the duct, improves the stability of the airflow and makes it easier for particles with larger inertia ( St ≥ 0.811) to pass through the bend.
Less vigilant in the mobile era? A comparison of information processing on mobile phones and personal computers
Authors: Liao Mengqi , Wang Jinping , Chen Cheng , Sundar S Shyam
Published: November 2023

Do people process information differently on mobile phones compared to computers? We investigate this question by conducting two online field experiments. We randomly assigned participants to use their mobile phones or personal computers (PCs) to process different kinds of information. Study 1 ( N = 116) discovered that participants using mobile phones process emails more efficiently (i.e., spend less time) than those using PCs. Study 2 ( N = 241) extended this to online deceptive content and found that individuals using mobile phones, especially habitual users, are more efficient, but engage in less information processing, are less attentive and less vigilant about misinformation, compared to those using PCs. However, the latter are more likely to succumb to phishing emails by clicking on malicious links. We discuss theoretical implications for information processing across media devices and practical implications for combating misinformation and cybersecurity attacks.
The WEIRD governance of fact-checking and the politics of content moderation
Authors: Vinhas Otávio , Bastos Marco
Published: November 2023

In this article, we chart the conflicting standards of fact-checking outside Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) countries that shifted their focus from holding politicians to account to acting as content moderators. We apply reflexive thematic analysis to a set of interviews with 37 fact-checking experts from 35 organizations in 27 countries to catalog the pressures they face and their struggle with tasks that are increasingly different from the journalistic values underpinning the practice. We find that fact-checkers have to balance the number of checks across each side of the partisan divide, an exercise in “bothsidesism” to manage the expectations of partisan social media users; that they increasingly prioritize the checking of viral content; and that Meta’s third-party fact-checking program prevents them from holding local politicians to account. We conclude with a discussion of our findings and recommendations for content moderation outside WEIRD countries.
Sports tourism research: A bibliometric analysis and agenda for further inquiry
Authors: Arici Hasan Evrim , Aydin Cagdas , Koseoglu Mehmet Ali , Sökmen Alptekin
Published: November 2023

This study examines the origins, significant subjects, scientific advances, and future advancements in sports tourism research. We run a bibliometric analysis in R with the visualization tool Biblioshiny. The findings revealed four main clusters that have recently been examined in the knowledge domain: (1) sport tourist behaviors, (2) sustainable and economic development, (3) sports events and destination image, and (4) active-sport-event travel career progression. This study gives insight into the role of mega and small sports events in sustainable development in a tourist destination and identifies opportunities and limitations.
An overview of systematic reviews: International mindedness as a component of the IB Diploma Programme’s expansion
Authors: Chernoff Karen
Published: November 2023

International mindedness (IM) is foundational to the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme (IBDP) and in theory, meets the challenges of a diversified demographic. The implementation of IM may vary depending on where the IBDP is situated. Although a core concept in the IBDP, research suggests that IM may be difficult to implement. Systematic reviews included in this study offer empirical research on ways in which IM might meet the needs of a diversified population, although findings suggest there may be challenges with IM curriculum implementation. The purpose of this overview of reviews is to explore the role of IM as a component in the growth of the IBDP worldwide. Research is reviewed with respect to the reasons for IM’s global relevance; the international needs, national concerns, and local tensions that exist with IM implementation; and the importance of a broader understanding of interculturalism and multilingualism within IM.
Efficacy and Safety of Dual Anti-HER2 Blockade and Docetaxel With or Without Carboplatin as Neoadjuvant Regimen for Treatment of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Lin Binwei , Fan Jinjia , Liu Fang , Wen Yixue , Li Jie , Gao Feng , Zhang Yu , Feng Gang , Du Xiaobo , Chen Wenzhi
Published: November 2023

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of docetaxel + trastuzumab + pertuzumab and docetaxel + carboplatin + trastuzumab + pertuzumab for treating HER2-positive breast cancer. Method: HER2-positive breast cancer from patients diagnosed between January 2020 and September 2022 were included in this retrospective study. Docetaxel + trastuzumab + pertuzumab or docetaxel + carboplatin + trastuzumab + pertuzumab was selected as the neoadjuvant regimen. The primary endpoint was a complete pathological remission rate. Secondary endpoints were toxicity during neoadjuvant treatment, adjustment of the neoadjuvant therapy scheme, and adjuvant medication. Result: A total of 81 patients were included in this study (38 in the docetaxel + carboplatin + trastuzumab + pertuzumab treatment group and 43 in the docetaxel + trastuzumab + pertuzumab group). The complete pathological remission rates in the docetaxel + carboplatin + trastuzumab + pertuzumab and docetaxel + trastuzumab + pertuzumab groups were 44.7% (95% confidence interval: 30.2%-60.3%) and 51.2% (95% confidence interval: 36.8%-65.4%), respectively. The incidence of grade 3 or higher toxicity in the docetaxel + carboplatin + trastuzumab + pertuzumab group was significantly higher than that in the docetaxel + trastuzumab + pertuzumab group (68.4% vs 39.5%, P = .009). Neutropenia and asthenia were the most common grade 3 or higher toxicities. The incidence of neoadjuvant scheme adjustment was significantly higher in the docetaxel + carboplatin + trastuzumab + pertuzumab group than in the docetaxel + trastuzumab + pertuzumab group (26.3% vs 7.0%, P = .039). The proportion of patients who received <6 cycles of neoadjuvant therapy was significantly higher in the docetaxel + carboplatin + trastuzumab + pertuzumab group than in the docetaxel + trastuzumab + pertuzumab group (31.6% vs 4.7%, P = .004). Patients in the docetaxel + carboplatin + trastuzumab + pertuzumab group received higher doses of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Conclusion: In the neoadjuvant treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer, the docetaxel + trastuzumab + pertuzumab regimen might be more tolerated than the docetaxel + carboplatin + trastuzumab + pertuzumab regimen and did not show a lower complete pathological remission rate. However, our findings require further validation through prospective studies.
Febuxostat ameliorates APAP-induced acute liver injury by activating Keap1/Nrf2 and inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB p65 pathways
Authors: Tian Jinhong , Zhang Shuaishuai , Li Lu , Lin Xueman , Li Yongmei , Zhao Kunlu , Zheng Fengxin , Chen Yongjun , Yang Yang , Wu Ting , Pang Jianxin
Published: November 2023

Excessive acetaminophen (APAP) application is a major cause of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Febuxostat (Feb), a drug for reducing uric acid (UA) levels, was demonstrated to relieve hepatic inflammation and reverse organ functions. However, the effect of Feb on APAP-induced DILI and its mechanisms have not been fully explored. In this study, Feb (10 mg/kg) was given to mice by gavage 1 h after APAP (300 mg/kg, i.g.) induction. Serum and liver samples were collected 12 or 3 h after APAP challenge. Feb treatment was found to remarkably improve APAP-induced DILI, as evidenced by reduced serum ALT, AST and UA levels, pathomorphology, inflammatory, and oxidative responses. Consistently, treatment with Feb also reduced the cell injury induced by APAP in LO2 cells. Mechanistically, Feb induced GPX4 expression, activated the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, and inhibited the TLR4/NF-κB p65 pathway. Feb also inhibited glutathione (GSH) depletion and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation in the early injury phase. Notably, pretreatment with Feb for 3 days also revealed preventive effects against APAP-induced DILI in mice. Overall, our data revealed a potential health impact of Feb on APAP-mediated DILI in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that Feb might be a potential candidate for treating DILI.
Hypokalaemia in pregnancy – Prevalence, underlying causes, and an approach to investigation
Authors: He Jinwen , Morton Adam
Published: November 2023

Objective

To investigate the prevalence and aetiology of hypokalaemia in pregnancy.

Methods

This was a five-year retrospective audit of women who received care at a tertiary hospital, who developed hypokalaemia during pregnancy and within three weeks postpartum. Serum potassium and magnesium levels cause(s) of hospitalization and investigations for hypokalaemia were obtained from hospital records.

Results

One hundred and ten women developed hypokalaemia during pregnancy and the immediate postpartum period, representing 0.36% of total births. Ninety-one per cent of patients had mild to moderate hypokalaemia (K 2.6–3.1 mmol/L), while 9% had severe hypokalaemia (K < 2.6 mmol/L). The most common associations of hypokalaemia were infection (38%), vomiting (18%), hypertensive disorders (12%) and postpartum haemorrhage (9%). Twenty-four patients did not have a clear underlying aetiology of hypokalaemia, but only five had further investigations.

Conclusions

There was inadequate investigation and follow-up of hypokalaemia, particularly in women in whom an obvious cause was not apparent.
Regional variation in urinary catheter use in the Netherlands from 2012 to 2021: a population-based cohort
Authors: van Veen Felice E. E. , Scheepe Jeroen R. , Blok Bertil F. M.
Published: November 2023

Objectives:

Our aim was to evaluate trends and regional differences in the use of indwelling and intermittent urinary catheters in the community setting in the Netherlands from 2012 to 2021.

Design and methods:

For this population-based cohort study, data on catheter use was collected from the Drug and Medical Devices Information System of the National Healthcare Institute of the Netherlands. This database contains information on the Dutch insured population, which was 100% of the total population in 2018. Users were divided into 12 provinces according to the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics codes. The number of catheter users was adjusted for the total population of the provinces by sex and age, and was expressed by users per 100,000 people. Negative binomial regression (NBR) was used to test for differences in clean intermittent catheter (CIC) and indwelling catheter (IDC) users across Dutch provinces.

Results:

Between 2012 and 2021, IDC users increased by 44.6% from 41,619 to 60,172, and CIC users increased by 27.3% from 34,204 to 43,528. The greatest increases were mainly observed among IDC users over 85 years old and male CIC users over 65 years old. NBR showed significant differences for IDC and CIC users between the 12 provinces. CIC incidence was higher in Drenthe and Groningen (Northern Netherlands) compared to Zuid-Holland (Southern Netherlands). IDC incidence was higher in seven provinces dispersed throughout the Netherlands compared to Noord-Holland.

Conclusion:

CIC and IDC users have continued to increase in recent years; this was especially observed among older men. In addition, there were regional differences in the number of CIC and IDC users; CIC was more prominent in the northern region of the Netherlands, and IDC varied between multiple provinces. Practice variation in urinary catheterization may result from patient population differences or healthcare provider preferences and their alignment with guidelines.
Factores socioeconómicos asociados por nivel de inseguridad alimentaria en adultos mexicanos con diabetes mellitus durante la pandemia de la COVID-19
Authors: Pérez-Peralta Liliana , Reynoso-Noverón Nancy , Martínez-Domínguez Jesús , Juárez-Martínez y Liliana
Published: November 2023

La pandemia de la COVID-19 ha sido uno de los mayores desafíos de salud pública a nivel mundial. Afecta al sistema alimentario, ampliando las desigualdades y compromete el derecho a la alimentación y a un adecuado estado de bienestar y nutrición, especialmente entre los más vulnerables.

Objetivos:

estimar la prevalencia de la inseguridad alimentaria e identificar los factores socioeconómicos asociados en adultos mexicanos con diabetes mellitus, durante la pandemia de la COVID-19.

Métodos:

estudio transversal, análisis secundario de los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2020 sobre la COVID-19. Se estudió a 1 232 individuos que representan a 9 569 330 adultos con diabetes mellitus. La inseguridad alimentaria se midió utilizando la Escala Latinoamericana y Caribeña de Seguridad Alimentaria adaptada para México. Se realizó un modelo de regresión logístico binario para cada nivel de inseguridad alimentaria. Se calcularon razón de momios e intervalos de confianza al 95 %. Un valor de p < 0.05 fue estadísticamente significativo.

Resultados:

el 64.8 % presentó inseguridad alimentaria: 40.7 % leve, 14.2 % moderada y 9.9 % severa. Los factores asociados a inseguridad alimentaria leve fueron: nivel socioeconómico muy bajo (RM 2.6), pérdida del empleo de algún miembro del hogar (RM 2.0) y reducción de gastos en alimentación (RM 5.0); para inseguridad moderada la RM fue de 7.7, 3.4 y 18.6 y en severa la RM 7.1, 3.0 y 46.7, respectivamente.

Conclusiones:

la COVID-19 ha tenido efectos inmediatos en la inseguridad alimentaria de la población de adultos mexicanos con diabetes mellitus. Identificar los factores socioeconómicos asociados es prioritario para llevar a cabo políticas públicas que permitan redirigir los recursos y cubrir necesidades básicas como la alimentación.
The Framing of Marijuana in Black Newspapers
Authors: Vann Jr Burrel
Published: November 2023

Recent scholarship has demonstrated a shift in media discourse about marijuana, yet few studies investigate how structural conditions influence variation in engagement with frames about marijuana. Moreover, given the long history of racialized discourse surrounding marijuana, it is surprising that scholars have not investigated framing in media produced by and for communities of color. Drawing on news articles about marijuana in regional Black newspapers in the United States from 1991 to 2016 ( n = 2,625), regression analyses reveal that structural factors like political action (e.g., ballot initiatives) and crime rates influence engagement across four unique framing domains: youth, policing, crime, and policy. I argue that, as newsworthy events, ballot initiatives provide opportunities to (re)frame marijuana as a policy issue, whereas conditions of crime shape the extent to which Black newspapers discuss marijuana as a problem impacting youth.
Current Lack of Evidence on Treatment Strategies and Clinical Outcomes for Osteochondral Lesions of the Subtalar, Talonavicular, and Calcaneocuboid Joints: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shimozono Yoshiharu , Rammelt Stefan , Takao Masato
Published: November 2023

Objective

In contrast to osteochondral lesion (OCL) of the ankle, OCLs in other joints of the foot, such as subtalar joint, talonavicular joint, calcaneocuboid joint, and the midfoot, are rare conditions, but they can also lead to significant morbidity. The objective of this systematic review was to summarize the clinical evidence for the treatment of OCLs of the subtalar, talonavicular, calcaneocuboid, and the other midfoot joints.

Design

A systematic search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases was performed in January 2021 based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines by 2 independent reviewers. Included studies were evaluated with regard to LOE (level of evidence) and QOE (quality of evidence). Variable reporting outcome data, clinical outcomes, and complications were evaluated.

Results

Seventeen studies with 21 patients were included, all of which were case reports (level 5) without any case series reporting greater than 3 patients. There were 5 patients with OCL in the subtalar joint, 15 patients in the talonavicular joint, and 1 patient in the calcaneocuboid joint. Thirteen case reports (4 subtalar joint, 8 talonavicular joint, and 1 calcaneocuboid joint) reported surgical treatment. Surgical procedures mainly included debridement, bone marrow stimulation, fixation, and bone grafting, through open or arthroscopy, all of which resulted in successful outcomes. Four case reports (1 subtalar joint, 3 talonavicular joint) reported successful conservative treatment. Other 13 case reports reported successful surgery after failed conservative treatment. No complications and reoperations were reported.

Conclusions

The current systematic review revealed that there is no available evidence to ascertain clinical outcomes of both conservative and surgical treatments for cartilage lesions in the talonavicular joint, subtalar joint, and the midfoot joints, owing to the extreme paucity of literature. Both nonoperative and operative treatments can be considered, but no treatment strategies have been established.
A rare case of isolated fallopian tubal torsion in adolescent girls: A case report and system review of literature
Authors: Zijun Li , Yaqin Zheng , Weiwen Pang
Published: November 2023

Isolated torsion of a fallopian tube in adolescent girls is a very rare acute abdomen. How to early diagnose and treatment isolated torsion of a fallopian tube has always been one of key points. We reported a rare case of isolated torsion of a fallopian tube in a 14-year-old girl and conducted a systematic review of the literature over the past 21 years. We collected data on clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment, prognosis and follow-up outcomes. According to our research strategies, 43 reported cases were included. The results (Mean ± SD) showed that the onset age was 14.09 ± 2.49, the cycle torsion was 2.79 ± 1.18, and the cyst size was 6.43 ± 2.25. The main clinical symptoms (percentage) are 100% lower abdominal pain, 67.44% nausea, 51.16% vomiting, and 50.00% right side lesions. And the accurate rate of preoperative diagnosis was only 27.91%, in which laparoscopic exploration, tubal necrosis, and tubal preservation accounted for 79.07%, 41.86%, and 32.56%, respectively. Extremely difficult diagnosis of isolated torsion of a fallopian tube, because of non-specific clinical manifestations, led to the adverse clinical outcome of salpingectomy. However, the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis can be improved by improving acknowledge of ultrasound diagnosis and the awareness of clinical gynecologists. However, the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis can be improved by improving knowledge of ultrasound diagnosis and awareness of clinical gynecologists. The laparoscopic exploration is sole gold standard for diagnosis and treatment. The operation of preserving the fallopian tube may be the first choice, especially in the early stage of isolated torsion of a fallopian tube.
Pulmonary valve spindle-cell lipoma: A case report
Authors: Sauchelli-Faas Guadalupe , Barragán-Acea Antonio , Álvarez-Argüelles Hugo , Montoto-López Javier , Jiménez-Rivera Juan José , Martínez-Sanz Rafael
Published: November 2023

Primary cardiac tumours are rare and most of them are benign. Myxomas, fibroelastomas and lipomas are common in adults. Primary valvular cardiac tumours are even more rare and affect all four valves in a similar proportion. Valvular lipomas are very rare. In the pulmonary valve there is only one described. Lipomas can be spindle-cell varieties. But of these, there is only one described in a valve, and it is placed in the aortic valve. Pulmonary valve lipomas can produce obstruction to the right ventricular outflow tract as well as pulmonary valve regurgitation, or pulmonary embolism. Symptoms may be dyspnoea, angina, arrhythmias, or syncope. We aim to illustrate with this case report how we came into this very rare pathology, so we present a 54-year-old woman with a giant spindle-cell lipoma located in the anterior pulmonary leaflet and severe dyspnoea. Total resection of the tumour was performed and restoration of valve function was obtained by means of bicuspidization of the remaining pulmonary leaflets. She had a good recovery after surgery and no complication during the postoperative evolution, being discharged from hospital after 7 days from surgery, with echocardiographic control showing good biventricular function, absence of tumour or obstruction, and minimal pulmonary valve regurgitation.
Utility of hyperdense whirl sign for the diagnosis of gallbladder torsion
Authors: Sato Osamu , Kotani Tomoya , Kanayama Taisei , Tokuda Bunta , Yamada Kei
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this report was to evaluate the usefulness of hyperdense whirl sign on unenhanced computed tomography (CT) for diagnosing gallbladder torsion. The CT scans of seven patients with gallbladder torsion were independently reviewed by two board-certified radiologists for locating the high-density core with twisting between the gallbladder neck and liver bed, termed hyperdense whirl sign. The sign was observed in six cases. The detection of a hyperdense whirl sign on unenhanced CT appears useful for diagnosing gallbladder torsion.
Alterations in Magnitude and Shape of Thoracic Kyphosis Following Surgical Correction for Adult Spinal Deformity
Authors: Lafage Renaud , Song Junho , Diebo Bassel , Daniels Alan H. , Passias Peter G. , Ames Christopher P. , Bess Shay , Eastlack Robert , Gupta Munish C. , Hostin Richard , Kebaish Khaled , Kim Han Jo , Klineberg Eric , Mundis Gregory M. , Smith Justin S. , Shaffrey Christopher , Schwab Frank , Lafage Virginie , Burton Douglas ,   International Spine Study Group
Published: November 2023

Study Design

Retrospective review of prospective multicenter data.

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the shape of TK before and after fusion in ASD patients treated with long fusion.

Methods

ASD patients undergoing posterior spinal fusions including at least T5 to L1 without prior fusion extending to the thoracic spine were included. Patients were categorized based on the preoperative T1-T12 kyphosis into: Hypo-TK (if < 30°), Normal-TK, and Hyper-TK (if > 70°). Regional kyphosis at T10-L1 (Distal), T5-T10 (Middle), and T1-T5 (Proximal) and their relative contributions to total kyphosis were compared between groups, and the pre-to postoperative changes were investigated using paired t test.

Results

In total, 329 patients were included in this analysis (mean age: 57 ± 16 years, 79.6% female). Preoperative T1-T12 TK for the entire cohort was 40.9 ± 2° (32% Hypo-TK, 11% Hyper-TK, 57% Normal-TK). The Hypo-TK group had the smallest distal TK (5.9 vs 17.1 & 26.0), and middle TK (8.0 vs 25.3 & 45.4), but the percentage of contribution to total kyphosis was not significantly different (Distal: 24.1% vs 34.1% vs 32.8%; Middle: 46.6% vs 53.9% vs 56.8%, all P > .1). Postoperatively, T1-12 TK increased significantly (40.9 ± 2.0° vs 57.8 ± 17.6°). Each group had a decrease in distal kyphosis (Hypo-TK 2.6 ± 10.4°; Normal-TK 8.9 ± 11.5°; Hyper-TK 14.9 ± 12°, all P < .05). The middle kyphosis significantly decreased for Hyper-TK (11.8 ± 12.4) and increased for both Normal-TK and Hypo-TK (3.8 ± 11° and 14.2 ± 11°). Proximal TK increased significantly for all groups by 14-18°. Deterioration from Normal-TK to Hyper-TK postoperatively was associated with lower rate of patient satisfaction (59.6% vs 77.3%, P = .032).

Conclusions

Posterior spinal fusion for ASD alters the magnitude and shape of thoracic kyphosis. While 60% of patients had a normal TK at baseline, 30% of those patients developed iatrogenic hyperkyphosis postoperatively. Patients with baseline hypokyphosis were more likely to be corrected to normal TK than hyperkyphotic patients. Future research should investigate TK restoration in ASD and its impact on clinical outcomes and complications.
Practical steps of intervention design for teenage students’ musculoskeletal health: An intervention mapping approach
Authors: NeJhaddadgar Nazila , Pirmoradi Alireza , Montazeri Nafiseh , Nazari Babak , Rastgoo Leila
Published: November 2023

Background:

According to the studies conducted, teen pregnancy and its related health issues are among the most significant issues. The purpose of the study was to develop a musculoskeletal health intervention training programme using an intervention mapping approach (IMA) for teenagers aged 12–14 years old.

Methods:

The present study is a study protocol where IMA has been used as a planning framework for developing a musculoskeletal health intervention training programme. Six steps of the intervention mapping process have been completed in the study. As the first step, needs assessment has been performed through systematic review and qualitative evaluation. In the second step, a matrix of change objectives was designed. Later on, after designing the programme and planning its implementation, the programme evaluation plan was developed.

Results:

IMA guided us in designing and implementing a control-oriented training programme with the participation of the participants, along with the definition of outcomes, performance goals, and determinants, theoretical methods, practical applications, an intervention programme, implementation, and step-by-step assessment.

Conclusion:

Intervention mapping is a participation-based approach to designing and implementing promotion programmes.
Weakness? What Weakness? Self-Reflection in Business Communication in a Digital Context
Authors: Moll Melanie
Published: November 2023

Self-reflection is expected in business communication teaching, but e-learning has been argued to create an illusion of direct experience as social presence. This study explores how participants’ negotiation of personal agency is constructed in a digital, asynchronic context. Using data collected from a digital classroom of a European business university, I show how participants enact specific strategies in their presentation of self. My aim is twofold: first, to explore how participants negotiate their social identities in a virtual community, and second, to better understand what both educators and enterprise can do to encourage successful dialogue and further humanize digital context.
Diagnostic separation of conventional ⩾50% carotid stenosis and near-occlusion with phase-contrast MRI
Authors: Holmgren Madelene , Henze Alexander , Wåhlin Anders , Eklund Anders , Fox Allan J , Johansson Elias
Published: November 2023

Introduction:

The aim of this study was to assess sensitivity, specificity and interrater reliability of phase-contrast MRI (PC-MRI) for diagnosing carotid near-occlusion.

Patients and methods:

Prospective cross-sectional study conducted between 2018 and 2021. We included participants with suspected 50%–100% carotid stenosis on at least one side, all were examined with CT angiography (CTA) and PC-MRI and both ICAs were analyzed. Degree of stenosis on CTA was the reference test. PC-MRI-based blood flow rates in extracranial ICA and intracranial cerebral arteries were assessed. ICA-cerebral blood flow (CBF) ratio was defined as ICA divided by sum of both ICAs and Basilar artery.

Results:

We included 136 participants. The ICAs were 102 < 50% stenosis, 88 conventional ⩾50% stenosis (31 with ⩾70%), 49 near-occlusion, 12 occlusions, 20 unclear cause of small distal ICA on CTA and one excluded. For separation of near-occlusion and conventional stenoses, ICA flow rate and ICA-CBF ratio had the highest area under the curve (AUC; 0.98–0.99) for near-occlusion. ICA-CBF ratio ⩽0.225 was 90% (45/49) sensitive and 99% (188/190) specific for near-occlusion. Inter-rater reliability for this threshold was excellent (kappa 0.98). Specificity was 94% (29/31) for cases with ⩾70% stenosis. PC-MRI had modest performance for separating <50% and conventional ⩾50% stenosis (highest AUC 0.74), and eight (16%) of near-occlusions were not distinguishable from occlusion (no visible flow).

Conclusion:

ICA-CBF ratio ⩽0.225 on PC-MRI is an accurate and reliable method to separate conventional ⩾50% stenosis and near-occlusion that is feasible for routine use. PC-MRI should be considered further as a potential standard method for near-occlusion detection, to be used side-by-side with established modalities as PC-MRI cannot separate other degrees of stenosis.
Evidence of fluid-induced myrmekite formation after alkali-feldspar megacrysts: an example from a meta-porphyritic granitoid in Makrohar, Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Chakrabarty Arimita , Karmakar Shreya , Dutta Upama , Sanyal Sanjoy , Sengupta Pulak
Published: November 2023

A meta-porphyritic granitoid in the Makrohar Granulite Belt, Central India contains extensive myrmekite. This work evaluates the controls of fluid in relation to deformation and the formation of myrmekite all along the periphery of an alkali-feldspar megacryst. Two different myrmekite morphologies are present: (1) vermicular intergrowth of plagioclase (An38–39) and quartz (Myr1); and (2) polygonal aggregates of coarse plagioclase (An45–46) and quartz (Myr2). Petrographic features suggest that myrmekite Myr1 nucleates on alkali-feldspar and plagioclase porphyroclasts and the myrmekite front moved into the alkali feldspar by replacing it; and that myrmekite Myr2 and the secondary biotite which replaces plagioclase porphyroclasts and garnet form together. Deformation had a decisive role in forming the polygonal aggregates of Myr2, however field and microtextural features do not support any significant control of deformation during the formation of Myr1. Reaction modelling and a mass-balance calculation suggest that Ca and Na are added to, and K is removed from, the alkali feldspar during the myrmekite formation at nearly constant Si and Al. However, the secondary biotite-forming reaction, consumes K and releases Ca. Interpretation of the reaction textures in different isothermal–isobaric sections of μK2O–μCaO in the KCFASH system suggest that CaO and K2O moved in opposite directions for myrmekitisation and along their respective chemical potential gradients created between the sites of formation of myrmekite and secondary biotite. The feedback mechanism which operated between the two reaction sites was controlled by infiltration of brine-rich fluid in the meta-granitoid during a regional hydration event (550–600oC and 5–6 kbar). Volume reduction of ~10% during the formation Myr1 and Myr2 drew the brine-rich fluid towards the alkali feldspar and thus facilitated the process of myrmekite formation. Variation in the morphology of quartz in the myrmekite is attributed to the cooling of the complex.
Using an electronic diary and wristband accelerometer to detect exacerbations and activity levels in COPD: a feasibility study
Authors: Finney Lydia J. , Avey Stefan , Wiseman Dexter , Rowe Anthony , Loza Matthew J. , Branigan Patrick , Stevenson Christopher S. , Baribaud Frédéric , Wedzicha Jadwiga A. , Pandis Ioannis , Donaldson Gavin C.
Published: November 2023

Background

Early and accurate identification of acute exacerbations of COPD may lead to earlier treatment and prevent hospital admission. Electronic diaries have been developed for symptom monitoring and accelerometers to monitor activity. However, it is unclear whether this technology is usable in the COPD population. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of an electronic diary (eDiary) for symptom reporting using the MoreCare app and activity monitoring with the Garmin Vivofit 2 in COPD.

Methods

Participants were recruited from the London COPD Cohort. Participants were provided a Garmin Vivofit 2 activity monitor and an android tablet with the MoreCare app for a period of 3 months.

Results

25 COPD patients were recruited (mean±sdage 70.8±7.1 years, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) 49.8±14.8% predicted). Age, gender, disease severity and exacerbation frequency had no impact on eDiary compliance. There was a moderate positive correlation between median daily very active minutes and FEV1% pred (ρ=0.62, p=0.005). Daily step counts decreased during the initial 7 days of exacerbation and recovery compared to a pre-exacerbation baseline. A decision-tree model identified change in sputum colour, change in step count, severity of cold, exacerbation history and use of rescue medication as the most important predictors of acute exacerbations of COPD in this cohort.

Conclusions

Symptom and activity monitoring using digital technology is feasible in COPD. Further large-scale digital health studies are needed to assess whether eDiaries can be used to identify patients at risk of exacerbation and guide early intervention.