bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
YH-RTYO: an end-to-end object detection method for crop growth anomaly detection in UAV scenarios
Authors: Li Yihang , Yang WenZhong , Lu Zhifeng , Shi Houwang
Published: December 2024

Background

Small object detection via unmanned Aerial vehicle (UAV) is crucial for smart agriculture, enhancing yield and efficiency.

Methods

This study addresses the issue of missed detections in crowded environments by developing an efficient algorithm tailored for precise, real-time small object detection. The proposed Yield Health Robust Transformer-YOLO (YH-RTYO) model incorporates several key innovations to advance conventional convolutional models. The model features an efficient convolutional expansion module that captures additional feature information through extended branches while maintaining parameter efficiency by consolidating features into a single convolution during validation. It also includes a local feature pyramid module designed to suppress background interference during feature interaction. Furthermore, the loss function is optimized to accommodate various object scales in different scenes by adjusting the regression box size and incorporating angle factors. These enhancements collectively contribute to improved detection performance and address the limitations of traditional methods.

Result

Compared to YOLOv8-L, the YH-RTYO model achieves superior performance in all key accuracy metrics, with a 13% reduction in the scale of model. Experimental results demonstrate that the YH-RTYO model outperforms others in key detection metrics. The model reduces the number of parameters by 13%, facilitating deployment while maintaining accuracy. On the OilPalmUAV dataset, it achieves a 3.97% improvement in average precision (AP). Additionally, the model shows strong generalization on the RFRB dataset, with AP50 and AP values exceeding those of the YOLOv8 baseline by 3.8% and 2.7%, respectively.
Identification of chromosome ploidy and karyotype analysis of cherries (Prunus pseudocerasus Lindl.) in Guizhou
Authors: Chen Nian , Wang Yali , He Mei , An Fei , Wang Jiyue , Song Changmei
Published: December 2024

The present study aimed to characterize the chromosome features of cherry (Prunus pseudocerasus Lindl.) germplasm in Guizhou Province, China, in order to facilitate the selection and breeding programs of this economically and ornamentally valuable species. The stem tip chromosome preparation technique was employed for ploidy identification and karyotype analysis, and the results were further validated by flow cytometry. The findings revealed that the 28 cherry accessions from Guizhou province exhibited a chromosomal base of x = 8, comprising 19 tetraploid and nine hexaploid individuals. Karyotype analysis showed two chromosome types, “m” and “sm,” with the longest chromosome/shortest chromosome (Lc/Sc) ranging from 1.6 to 2.65, the mean arm ratio (MAR) varying from 1.15 to 1.56, and index of the karyotypic asymmetry (As.K) ranging from 53.74 to 61.6. Three karyotype types, “1A,” “1B,” and “2B,” were identified among the studied accessions. The most evolutionarily advanced accession was HZ152, while DCZC27 represented the most primitive karyotype. This study expands the ploidy database of Chinese cherry and provides valuable information for the conservation and utilization of cherry germplasm resources in Guizhou province.
DO VALE DO IGUAÇU PARA O VALE DO JEQUITINHONHA
Authors: Sosnowski Katyuscia , Calazans de Oliveira Ernani
Published: December 2024

Esse texto visa analisar através de uma lente bakhtiniana a produção de nove vídeo-cartas trocadas entre estudantes do Ensino Médio integrado da Rede Federal. O texto aqui escrito tem a intenção de analisar a produção de textos imagéticos contemporâneos produzidos por estudantes residentes em duas regiões distintas e distantes entre si. A produção de cinema amador foi ampliada exponencialmente com o advento dos smartphones que possuem câmeras com alta definição bem como softwares livres e aplicativos que tornam a edição e o acesso mais democrático. Que histórias os jovens do Ensino Médio da rede federal querem contar aos colegas distantes pertencentes à mesma rede? Os estudantes do campus Coronel Vivida no Paraná compartilharam suas vídeo-cartas por meio de uma plataforma virtual “padlet” com os estudantes do campus Araçuaí, Minas Gerais. Nas nove vídeo-cartas trocadas entre os estudantes do Instituto Federal do Paraná - IFPR e do Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais - IFNMG pudemos perceber as escolhas éticas/estéticas das imagens e sons, além das histórias do seu cotidiano que foram emolduradas e enviadas aos colegas do outro estado. Duas regiões distintas dialogando sobre suas culturas exercendo sua vontade de autoria singular.
Biogas Potential Assessment of Co-digestion of Various Wastes (Cassava Residues, Poultry Droppings and Household Waste) in the Gbêkê Region, Bouaké, Central Ivory Coast
Authors: Abonouah KOUASSI Barbara Sidoine , Adjiri ADJIRI Oi , Noël GROGA
Published: December 2024

Assessing the potential for biogas from cassava residues, poultry droppings and household waste in Bouaké will help determine the viability of a sustainable energy project. Cassava is abundant in this region, and its exploitation produces starch-rich residues, a potential source of biogas through anaerobic digestion. Poultry droppings from livestock farming and household waste are respectively sources of biomass rich in nitrogen and various organic materials. Unfortunately, poor management of these wastes leads to environmental problems, including foul odors that encourage disease, and soil and groundwater pollution. It is therefore necessary to quantify this waste with a view to transforming it into renewable energy. To do this, we began by collecting cassava residues and household waste from attiéké production cooperatives and some restaurants, and poultry droppings from city farms. After collection, we sorted and mixed the different types of waste with water, then filled the digesters. And finally, we made different formulations from these wastes for biogas production. During the process, the results obtained from the physico-chemical characteristics of the waste give respectively for pH 6.4 and 7.4, for BOD5 25 442 mg/L and 19 475 mg/L, for COD 74 400 mg/L and 62 100 mg/L, for MES 3 733 mg/L and 2 675 mg/L, for MS 11.6% and 8.1%, for VDM 64.3% and 58.2%. Concerning biogas composition and production, methane is estimated at 56.5% on average, with a standard deviation of 6.1, giving a biogas volume of 3.2 m3. These results provide valuable indications for the planning and development of biogas production facilities in Bouaké. They encourage the adoption of renewable energies, waste reduction and better management of organic residues, thus contributing to the environmental and economic sustainability of the region.
Analysing Growth Trends of Total Factor Productivity in Major Seed Spices of Gujarat, India
Authors: K Sinha. Anushka , Anjali S. Chaudhari , Patel S.B. , Rohini A.S.
Published: December 2024

The present investigation was carried out to study the growth of input, output indices and total factor productivity of major seed spices of Gujarat. The Tornqvist-Theil index was employed to calculate the total output index, total input index and total factor productivity index. The total output indices were derived using 2011-12 as the base period and adjusted to obtain the TOI for major seed spices. In cumin, the growth rate of TFP indices was positive, approximately 1.09 per cent per annum. In fennel, the TFP indices exhibited a negative growth rate of approximately -3.96 per cent per annum. In coriander, the TFP indices demonstrated a significant growth rate of 1.94 per cent per annum, indicating moderate TFP growth for coriander in Gujarat.
BIM-based Rebar Modeling for Variable Section L-shaped Columns
Authors: Yankai Huang
Published: December 2024

Building Information Modeling (BIM), as a kind of digital means applied in the process of building design, construction and management, has been widely used in all aspects of construction engineering. However, the application of BIM in the field of steel reinforcement engineering, due to the wide variety of rebar and complex shapes in the plan construction drawings, the rebar modeling is inefficient and prone to errors, and the traditional plug-in for standard column models is usually difficult to cope with the demand for modeling rebar of complex components such as variable cross-section shaped columns. Therefore, with the help of the program and algorithms to create a BIM model of rebar can reduce the occurrence of the above problems. This paper mainly uses Revit secondary development technology, with the help of C# programming language to develop a program for automatic generation of reinforcing steel BIM model for variable section L-shaped columns. The program combines the structural requirements of reinforcement in the building code and standard drawings, identifies the key nodes of the shaped column model, calculates the coordinate points of the reinforcement, and carries out targeted algorithmic processing for the arrangement of reinforcement in the complex variable cross-section area of the upper and lower columns to complete the creation of the BIM model of reinforcement in the shaped column. The development of this program provides a variety of efficient ideas for the creation of complex structural reinforcement for other shaped columns, which helps to save the time of designers to create BIM models, ensures the geometric accuracy of the reinforcement model, and helps to promote the informatization and intelligentization of the construction of reinforced concrete structures.
Unvieling Genetic Variability and Breeding Potential for Yield Enhancement in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
Authors: Swapna B. , Srikanth T. , Padmaja D. , Srinivasnaik S.
Published: December 2024

The study was conducted in the summer of 2020 at RARS, Polasa, Jagital, to evaluate genetic variability among 68 sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all traits studied. The highest genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were observed for the number of branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, and seed yield per plant. Traits such as days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, seed yield per plant, and 1000-seed weight exhibited high heritability along with high genetic advance (GAM), suggesting these traits are primarily controlled by additive gene effects. Therefore, phenotypic selection for these traits could be effective for future breeding programs.
AÇÃO DE INDENIZAÇÃO POR DANOS MORAIS, ESTÉTICOS E MATERIAIS
Authors: Catarina Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de Santa
Published: December 2024

A 3ª CÂMARA DE DIREITO CIVIL DECIDIU, POR UNANIMIDADE, CONHECER E DESPROVER O APELO DO REQUERIDO; CONHECER E DAR PARCIAL PROVIMENTO À APELAÇÃO DOS AUTORES PARA FIXAR INDENIZAÇÃO A TÍTULO DE DANOS MORAIS PARA O TUTOR JOÃO GABRIEL NAIZER, NO VALOR DE R$ 3.000,00; PROVER O PEDIDO DE DANOS MATERIAIS, CONDICIONADO À APRESENTAÇÃO DE PROVAS DO EFETIVO DESEMBOLSO DOS GASTOS, O QUE DEVE SER APURADO EM CUMPRIMENTO DE SENTENÇA. SE COMPROVADA, CADA DESPESA DEVERÁ SER CORRIGIDA MONETARIAMENTE DESDE A DATA DO DESEMBOLSO (CONFORME AS DATAS DOS RESPECTIVOS RECIBOS), ACRESCIDA DE JUROS DE MORA DE 1% AO MÊS, A CONTAR DA CITAÇÃO.
Generative KI und urheberrechtliche Vervielfältigung im Modellinnern – Teil 2: Die öffentliche Zugänglichmachung
Authors: Dornis Tim W.
Published: December 2024

Beim generativen KI-Training werden in großem Umfang urheberrechtlich geschützte Werke verwertet. Bislang kaum erörtert ist die Tatsache, dass während des KI-Trainings im Innern der Modelle Vervielfältigungen dieser Werke entstehen können. Diese Vervielfältigungen werden insbesondere bei Angebot modellbasierter Dienstleistungen (z.B. ChatGPT) öffentlich zugänglich gemacht. Sieht man darin eine Urheberrechtsverletzung, findet nationales Urheberrecht Anwendung; außerdem sind nationale Gerichte international zuständig. Die verbreitete Vorstellung, außereuropäische KI-Entwickler seien dem europäischen Urheberrecht nicht unterworfen, wäre dann unzutreffend. Der erste Teil dieses Beitrags (Dornis, CR 2024, 765) betraf die Frage der urheberrechtlich relevanten Vervielfältigung im Innern trainierter Modelle. Hieran schließt sich nun im zweiten Teil die Analyse der öffentlichen Zugänglichmachung von KI-Modellen sowie der Durchsetzung europäischen Urheberrechts an.
Das Recht auf gleichgeschlechtliche Behandlung
Authors: Ziegler Hans-Berndt
Published: December 2024

Greift der Staat bei einer ärztlichen Untersuchung z.B. in der Haft in die Intimsphäre ein, ist der Bürger diesem Eingriff nicht vollständig ausgeliefert. Insbesondere stehen ihm bei ärztlichen Untersuchungen gem. § 81d StPO Rechte zu, welche eine unverhältnismäßige Verletzung der Intimsphäre verhüten sollen, so das Recht auf gleichgeschlechtliche Behandlung. Wie ist es aber, wenn sich Patienten in ärztliche Behandlung begeben müssen. Besteht außerhalb des Verhältnisses zwischen Bürger und Staat ein Schutz der Würde und Intimsphäre für den Patienten?
Der richtige Einsatz von Streitbeilegungsklauseln in internationalen Wirtschaftsverträgen: Auswahl, Ausgestaltung und wirksame Einbeziehung
Authors: Ostendorf Patrick
Published: December 2024

Streitbeilegungsklauseln gehören zu den wichtigsten Bestimmungen internationaler Wirtschaftsverträge: Von ihrer Geltung und Ausgestaltung im Einzelnen kann entscheidend abhängen, ob vertragliche Ansprüche gegen die andere Vertragspartei überhaupt erfolgreich durchgesetzt werden können. Dennoch scheitern sowohl die Auswahl einer geeigneten Klausel als auch ihre Einbeziehung in den Vertrag in der Praxis häufig deswegen, weil sich die Parteien über den für Gerichtsstands- bzw. Schiedsvereinbarungen geltenden Rechtsrahmen und den daraus für den konkreten Anwendungsfall folgenden Anforderungen nicht hinreichend im Klaren sind.
Kunden- und Verbraucherrechte in der Unternehmensinsolvenz — Das Recht der Nacherfüllung
Authors: Gelbrich Katharina , Pette Mika Theresa
Published: December 2024

Mit dem Anstieg von Insolvenzen nehmen auch die praktischen Fragen von Kunden nach ihren Rechten im Insolvenzfall zu. Nach der Behandlung grundlegender insolvenzrechtlicher Aspekte von besonderer Bedeutung für die Kundenrechte beleuchtet der folgende Beitrag im Schwerpunkt das Recht der Nacherfüllung im Rahmen der Mängelgewährleistung. In einem weiteren Beitrag folgt eine Behandlung der weiteren Mängelgewährleistungsrechte (Rücktritt, Minderung und Schadensersatzansprüche) sowie des Widerrufsrechts, Gutscheine/Rabattcodes und Neukundenboni.
An Extra‐Large‐Pore Pure Silica Zeolite with 16×8×8‐Membered Ring Pore Channels Synthesized using an Aromatic Organic Directing Agent
Authors: Zi Wen‐Wen , Gao Zihao , Zhang Jun , Zhao Bao‐Xun , Cai Xian‐Shu , Du Hong‐Bin , Chen Fei‐Jian
Published: December 2019

Extra‐large‐pore zeolites for processing large molecules have long been sought after by both the academia and industry. However, the synthesis of these materials, particularly extra‐large‐pore pure silica zeolites, remains a big challenge. Herein we report the synthesis of a new extra‐large‐pore silica zeolite, designated NUD‐6, by using an easily synthesized aromatic organic cation as structure‐directing agent. NUD‐6 possesses an intersecting 16×8×8‐membered ring pore channel system constructed by four‐connected (Q4) and unusual three‐connected (Q3) silicon species. The organic cations in NUD‐6 can be removed in nitric acid to yield a porous material with high surface area and pore volume. The synthesis of NUD‐6 presents a feasible means to prepare extra‐large pore silica zeolites by using assembled aromatic organic cations as structure‐directing agents.
Crystallinity, thermal diffusivity, and electrical conductivity of carbon black filled polyamide 46
Authors: Weidenfeller Bernd , Rode Hauke , Weidenfeller Laura , Weidenfeller Katrin
Published: December 2019

Polyamide 46 (PA 46) with carbon black (CB) has been subjected to a heat treatment. Crystallinity, specific heat capacity, crystalline melting peak temperature, thermal diffusivity, and electrical conductivity were measured. The crystallinity increases with duration of thermal treatment. The maximum value is dependent on the filler fraction. A lower CB content leads to a higher crystallinity at maximum tempering time. The crystalline melting peak temperature increases with decreasing filler fraction and duration of thermal treatment due to different crystal types and/or diverging geometric forms of the crystals. Thermal diffusivity and electrical conductivity act positively proportional to each other and increase with CB content and tempering time. The thermal diffusivity decreases with increasing temperature. The volume resistance of PA 46 is lowered by heat treatment. By CB addition in combination with a tempering process, the PA 46 can be transferred into a conductor. CB is moved by PA 46 crystals into amorphous regions forming conductive pathways. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Applied Polymer Science published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48882.
Quick‐response polymer humidity control composites and application in preservation of fruits and vegetables
Authors: Liu Wentao , Xu Yi , Sun Lili , Lu Lijing , Wang Yun , Wang Yujie , Liu Hao , He Suqin , Zhu Chengshen
Published: December 2019

A novel intelligent moisture‐controlling polymer composite (IMCPC) with fast response humidity control performance, which can be applied in refrigerators for edible fruits and vegetables, was prepared by intercalation polymerization of acrylamide (AM) with sepiolite. The performance of the resulted IMCPCs was investigated. The results show that vacuum freeze‐dried polyacrylamide/sepiolite composite has a porous structure and excellent moisture absorption properties. The IMCPC responds quickly within 30 min both in high and low humidity inside the refrigerator, maintaining relative humidity in the higher range (80–87% RH). It can effectively extend the storage of fruits and vegetables in the refrigerator box. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48883.
Retracted: Long noncoding RNA Mirt2 prohibits lipopolysaccharide‐evoked HK‐2 cell injury via modulation of microRNA‐126
Authors: Bai Cui , Nie Nana , Li Yushan , Zhang Chong , Xu Min , Li Zipu
Published: December 2019

Long noncoding RNA myocardial infarction‐associated transcript 2 (lncRNA Mirt2) is a burgeoning lncRNA, its anti‐inflammatory capacity has been testified. Nonetheless, the functions of Mirt2 in immunoglobulin A nephropathy are unexplored. We tried to impart the influences of Mirt2 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐evoked HK‐2 cells damage. HK‐2 cells were manipulated with 10 ng/ml LPS, next cell viability, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, pro‐inflammatory factors and Mirt2 expression were evaluated. After pc‐Mirt2 vector transfection, the aforementioned trials were performed. Meanwhile, real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) experiment was used to detect miR‐126 expression. Subsequently, functions of miR‐126 in LPS‐treated HK‐2 cells were further delved after transfection with miR‐126 mimic. Western blot was used to evaluate NF‐κB pathway. The data showed that LPS invoked HK‐2 cells inflammatory damage via the suppression of cell viability and the acceleration of apoptosis, ROS level, and IL‐1β and IL‐6 secretion. LPS inhibited Mirt2 expression and overexpression of Mirt2 mitigated LPS‐caused inflammatory damage in HK‐2 cells. Additionally, overexpression of Mirt2 repressed miR‐126 expression in LPS‐stimulated cells. Meanwhile the anti‐inflammatory effect of Mirt2 was inverted by upregulating miR‐126 expression. Besides, overexpressed Mirt2 retarded LPS‐activated NF‐κB pathway via repressing miR‐126. The research certified the anti‐inflammatory impacts of Mirt2 on LPS‐impaired HK‐2 cells.
Long noncoding RNA‐GAS5 attenuates progression of glioma by eliminating microRNA‐10b and Sirtuin 1 in U251 and A172 cells
Authors: Ding Yingjie , Wang Jing , Zhang Hongliang , Li Huanting
Published: December 2019

Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) growth arrest‐specific 5 (GAS5) is implicated in several cancers via modulating microRNAs (miRs). However, little information is available about the correlation between GAS5 and miR‐10b. Therefore, we sought out to investigate the biological role of GAS5‐miR‐10b node mainly in glioma cells. We artificially modulated GAS5 to explore its roles in viability assayed by cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8), motile activities by 24‐Transwell assay, as well as apoptosis by a flow cytometer and Western blot assay. miR‐10b and Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) were quantified by qRT‐PCR. After co‐transfection, we analyzed the viability, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and Sirt1 expression. Western blot was implemented to detect the phosphorylated forms of PTEN, PI3K, AKT, MEK, and ERK. GAS5 inhibited proliferation and motile behaviors, and fortified apoptosis. As for the viability and motile activities, the property of GAS5 was reversed in miR‐10b‐replenished U251 and A172 cells, while maintained in miR‐10b‐deficient cells. Additionally, GAS5‐induced apoptosis was abolished by miR‐10b overexpression while fortified by miR‐10b silence. Besides, GAS5 negatively modulated Sirt1 via miR‐10b. Moreover, Sirt1 negatively modulated PTEN and positively mediated the abovementioned regulators. GAS5 represses the process of glioma cells by decreasing miR‐10b, which as accompanied by Sirt1 silence‐induced inactivation of PTEN/PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK cascades.
Retracted: Knockdown of circular RNA circZNF652 remits LPS‐induced inflammatory damage by regulating miR‐181a
Authors: Liu Xiuxia , Zhao Peifeng , Ge Wang
Published: December 2019

Background

Infantile pneumonia (IP) is a usual disease in infants and young children. The function and underlying mechanism of circZNF652 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐triggered inflammatory damage in WI‐38 cells were detected in this article.

Methods

WI‐38 cells were induced by dosages of LPS to construct inflammatory injury model. WI‐38 cell viability and apoptosis were detected by CCK‐8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. CircZNF652 and miR‐181a levels were changed and detected by cell transfection and qRT‐PCR. The levels of apoptosis and JNK/p38 and NF‐κB pathways‐related proteins, as well as the level of Cox‐2 were detected by western blot. Finally, the concentrations of inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA.

Results

LPS induced inflammatory injury showing as notably decreased the viability, while increased the numbers of apoptotic cells, as well as the levels of apoptosis and inflammatory factors in a dose dependent way. Besides, LPS inducement remarkably enhanced the expression of circZNF652. However, knockdown of circZNF652 remitted LPS‐triggered inflammatory damage and restrained NF‐κB and JNK/p38 pathways. Moreover, circZNF652 knockdown promoted miR‐181a expression. Whereas, miR‐181a inhibition markedly relieved circZNF652 knockdown‐induced impacts.

Conclusion

Knockdown of circZNF652 remitted LPS‐triggered WI‐38 cells inflammatory damage through deactivation of NF‐κB and JNK/p38pathways by up‐regulating miR‐181a.
Effect of Oily Ingredients and Solid Adsorbents on the Chemical Stability of a Solid Dosage Form of Lubiprostone
Authors: Kim Hyung Tae , Won Dong Han , Ho Myoung Jin , Hwang Hyung Don , Jang Sun Woo , Kim Min‐Soo , Kang Myung Joo
Published: December 2019

Lubiprostone (LPT), a novel laxative, is commercially available as a soft gelatin capsule with oily ingredient, complementing its poor water‐solubility and oxygen‐labile property. In the present study, in order to address drawbacks associated with soft capsule formulations such as difficulty in process control or high production costs, conversion of the drug‐loaded oil solution into powder dosage form was attempted using several oily ingredients and porous solid carriers. Drug solubilization in medium chain triglycerides (MCT) drastically improved the drug stability compared to that in powder or other oily ingredients, exhibiting over 95% of the drug remaining after 5 days of storage at 60 °C. However, conversion of drug‐loaded MCT into a free‐flowing powder using porous carriers markedly deteriorated drug stability. Although the drug stability in the solidified formulations prepared using Avicel PH 102 or Aerosil 200 were relatively higher than those prepared using metallic adsorbents (Florite, DCP A/T, and Neusilin US2), they were less stable than in the intact oil solution under stress and accelerated condition. This implied that the decreased thickness of the oily barrier in the solidified formula failed to inhibit the exposure of the labile compound to oxygen and/or moisture, thereby accelerating drug degradation. In vitro drug release from the adsorbent progressed rapidly, providing complete drug release within 15 min, under sink condition. This study suggests that the kind of oily vehicle and the thickness of the barrier are important factors for ensuring the stability of LPT, an oxygen‐labile compound, and additional pharmaceutical approaches are required for the construction of stable solid preparations.
Significance of concurrent use of weekly cisplatin in carbon‐ion radiotherapy for locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix: A propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Okonogi Noriyuki , Wakatsuki Masaru , Kato Shingo , Murata Hiroto , Kiyohara Hiroki , Karasawa Kumiko , Ohno Tatsuya , Tsuji Hiroshi , Nakano Takashi , Shozu Makio ,   the Working Group of Gynecological Tumors
Published: December 2019

Background

Although carbon‐ion radiotherapy (C‐ion RT) with concurrent chemotherapy (chemo‐C‐ion RT) is a promising treatment for adenocarcinoma (AC) of the uterine cervix, its long‐term efficacy remains unclear. We evaluated the long‐term significance of concurrent weekly cisplatin and C‐ion RT for locally advanced AC of the uterine cervix.

Methods

We performed a pooled analysis of patients with stage IIB–IVA AC of the uterine cervix who underwent C‐ion RT alone or chemo‐C‐ion RT between September 2007 and December 2018 at our institution. Patients received 74.4 Gy (relative biological effectiveness) with or without cisplatin (40 mg/m2 per week for up to 5 weeks), underwent no prior pelvic RT or systemic therapy, and had a performance status of 0‐2. Propensity score matching was based on the year of diagnosis, regional lymph node metastasis, and stage.

Results

The matched cohort contained 26 patients who underwent C‐ion RT and 26 who underwent chemo‐C‐ion RT. The median age and follow‐up period were 57 (range, 28‐79) years and 34 (range, 2‐126) months, respectively. The 5‐year overall survival rate was significantly better in the chemo‐C‐ion RT group (72%) than in the C‐ion RT group (46%; P = .041). The 5‐year distant metastatic‐free rate was also significantly better in the chemo‐C‐ion RT group (66%) than in the C‐ion RT group (41%; P = .048). The incidence of grade ≥ 3 late toxicities was comparable between the two groups.

Conclusions

Chemo‐C‐ion RT for locally advanced AC of the uterine cervix is associated with a long‐term survival benefit.
Kif1c regulates osteoclastic bone resorption as a downstream molecule of p130Cas
Authors: Kobayakawa Miki , Matsubara Takuma , Mizokami Akiko , Hiura Fumitaka , Takakura Nana , Kokabu Shoichiro , Matsuda Miho , Yasuda Hisataka , Nakamura Ichiro , Takei Yosuke , Honda Hiroaki , Hosokawa Ryuji , Jimi Eijiro
Published: December 2019

Podosome formation in osteoclasts is an important initial step in osteoclastic bone resorption. Mice lacking c‐Src (c‐Src−/−) exhibited osteopetrosis due to a lack of podosome formation in osteoclasts. We previously identified p130Cas (Crk‐associated substrate [Cas]) as one of c‐Src downstream molecule and osteoclast‐specific p130Cas‐deficient (p130CasΔOCL−/−) mice also exhibited a similar phenotype to c‐Src−/− mice, indicating that the c‐Src/p130Cas plays an important role for bone resorption by osteoclasts. In this study, we performed a cDNA microarray and compared the gene profiles of osteoclasts from c‐Src−/− or p130CasΔOCL−/− mice with wild‐type (WT) osteoclasts to identify downstream molecules of c‐Src/p130Cas involved in bone resorption. Among several genes that were commonly downregulated in both c‐Src−/− and p130CasΔOCL−/− osteoclasts, we identified kinesin family protein 1c (Kif1c), which regulates the cytoskeletal organization. Reduced Kif1c expression was observed in both c‐Src−/− and p130CasΔOCL−/− osteoclasts compared with WT osteoclasts. Kif1c exhibited a broad tissue distribution, including osteoclasts. Knockdown of Kif1c expression using shRNAs in WT osteoclasts suppressed actin ring formation. Kif1c overexpression restored bone resorption subsequent to actin ring formation in p130CasΔOCL−/− osteoclasts but not c‐Src−/− osteoclasts, suggesting that Kif1c regulates osteoclastic bone resorption in the downstream of p130Cas (191 words).

Significance of the study

We previously showed that the c‐Src/p130Cas (Cas) plays an important role for bone resorption by osteoclasts. In this study, we identified kinesin family protein 1c (Kif1c), which regulates the cytoskeletal organization, as a downstream molecule of c‐Src/p130Cas axis, using cDNA microarray. Knockdown of Kif1c expression using shRNAs in wild‐type osteoclasts suppressed actin ring formation. Kif1c overexpression restored bone resorption subsequent to actin ring formation in osteoclast‐specific p130Cas‐deficient (p130CasΔOCL−/−) osteoclasts but not c‐Src−/− osteoclasts, suggesting that Kif1c regulates osteoclastic bone resorption in the downstream of p130Cas.
Screen time and mental health: No easy solutions
Authors: Williams Claire
Published: December 2019

Within the mental health field, we spend a lot of time talking with parents and patients about screens and digital media. We bond with patients over their favorite movies, we see the effects of bullying over social media, and we work with parents and patients to create limits around technology use when it seems to be interfering with well‐being and functioning. It is a common focus of our treatment of adolescents; however, there are no clear recommendations for “screen‐time” limits in adolescents and children over 5, other than “less is more.” Although there are clearer guidelines for younger children, we do not often talk to parents about why the guidelines were developed. There have been many studies with a wide range of results, making opinions about how to counsel families varied; however, the progression of the evidence shows more and more correlation between increased screen time and poorer social, emotional, and cognitive outcomes, as well as physical changes to the brain.
Does your child really need antipsychotics?
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: December 2019

“Guidance on Strategies to Promote Best Practice in Antipsychotic Prescribing for Children and Adolescents,” a 54‐page document from the federal Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) released last year, synthesizes the state of evidence in systems‐level strategies to promote antipsychotic best practice prescribing for young people.
Improving Lithium‐Metal Battery Performance under the Conditions of Lean Electrolyte through MoS2 Coating
Authors: Cha Eunho , Lee Hongkyung , Choi Wonbong
Published: December 2019

Although lithium‐metal‐based batteries (LMBs) offer one of the highest energy densities, the issues with Li dendrite growths and the chemical reactivity between Li and electrolytes limit their applications. To enable a stable LMB under the practical conditions of lean electrolyte, thin Li metal and high mass loading, we introduce an efficient protective coating of MoS2 onto the Li‐metal anode and analyzed its electrochemical performance under practical condition. The MoS2 coating successfully stabilizes the chemical activity of Li‐metal surface by preventing dendrite growth and electrolyte dry‐out, which results in the enhanced Li‐metal battery cycle life by three‐fold under the stringent conditions.
Vegetation state changes in the course of shrub encroachment in an African savanna since about 1850 CE and their potential drivers
Authors: Tabares Ximena , Zimmermann Heike , Dietze Elisabeth , Ratzmann Gregor , Belz Lukas , Vieth‐Hillebrand Andrea , Dupont Lydie , Wilkes Heinz , Mapani Benjamin , Herzschuh Ulrike
Published: December 2019

Shrub encroachment has far‐reaching ecological and economic consequences in many ecosystems worldwide. Yet, compositional changes associated with shrub encroachment are often overlooked despite having important effects on ecosystem functioning.

We document the compositional change and potential drivers for a northern Namibian Combretum woodland transitioning into a Terminalia shrubland. We use a multiproxy record (pollen, sedimentary ancient DNA, biomarkers, compound‐specific carbon (δ13C) and deuterium (δD) isotopes, bulk carbon isotopes (δ13Corg), grain size, geochemical properties) from Lake Otjikoto at high taxonomical and temporal resolution.

We provide evidence that state changes in semiarid environments may occur on a scale of one century and that transitions between stable states can span around 80 years and are characterized by a unique vegetation composition. We demonstrate that the current grass/woody ratio is exceptional for the last 170 years, as supported by n‐alkane distributions and the δ13C and δ13Corg records. Comparing vegetation records to environmental proxy data and census data, we infer a complex network of global and local drivers of vegetation change. While our δD record suggests physiological adaptations of woody species to higher atmospheric pCO2 concentration and drought, our vegetation records reflect the impact of broad‐scale logging for the mining industry, and the macrocharcoal record suggests a decrease in fire activity associated with the intensification of farming. Impact of selective grazing is reflected by changes in abundance and taxonomical composition of grasses and by an increase of nonpalatable and trampling‐resistant taxa. In addition, grain‐size and spore records suggest changes in the erodibility of soils because of reduced grass cover.

Synthesis. We conclude that transitions to an encroached savanna state are supported by gradual environmental changes induced by management strategies, which affected the resilience of savanna ecosystems. In addition, feedback mechanisms that reflect the interplay between management legacies and climate change maintain the encroached state.
Nanopore lipid bilayer formed by self‐spreading method
Authors: Peng Zugui , Shimba Kenta , Miyamoto Yoshitaka , Yagi Tohru
Published: December 2019

Black lipid membrane suspending on a solid‐state nanopore (nano‐black lipid membranes; nano‐BLMs) is a functional application to detect single‐channel activities with a long lifetime. However, folding and painting techniques, which are traditionally used to form nano‐BLMs, only have a low success rate because of their complicated procedure. Herein, we report on the self‐spreading method on 50 nm pore size polycarbonate membrane filter to form nano‐BLMs by a simple procedure. Our results show that the nano‐BLMs have been successfully formed on the membrane filter. The spreading velocity of the nano‐BLMs exhibits a square root behavior, v ∼ t−1/2, which is in great agreement with the previous research. The experiments with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching show the recovery of a photobleached area in our nano‐BLMs. We also measure the elastic response of our nano‐BLMs by using an atomic force microscope, and our results demonstrate that the lipid bilayer is spanning on the pore of membrane filter. We also discuss the effect of temperature and the roughness of supporting surface on the spreading speed of lipid bilayer.
Manufacturing discontent: National institutions, multinational firm strategies, and anti‐globalization backlash in advanced economies
Authors: Butzbach Olivier , Fuller Douglas B. , Schnyder Gerhard
Published: December 2019

Research Summary

There is mounting evidence of a widespread popular backlash against globalization in advanced economies, which can hurt multinational companies' (MNCs) interests. In this article, we argue that MNCs are both “culprits” and “victims” of backlash against globalization. Building on the comparative capitalism literature, we argue that national institutions influence the likelihood of a backlash by either encouraging MNCs to embrace a “labor arbitrage” strategy consisting in tapping into cheap labor markets overseas or preventing them from doing so. Where institutional constraints lead firms to adopt an “upgrading” route of using domestic workers, popular backlash is less likely. Such institutional factors help to explain variation in the likelihood of backlash across countries. We also discuss the strategic options available to firms facing backlash.

Managerial Summary

Multinational companies are increasingly facing a backlash against globalization that, in some countries, may lead to policies that directly hurt their interests. Yet little is known about the link of this phenomenon with firm‐level strategies. In this article, we draw on comparative capitalism analysis to show that national institutions play a key role in determining the likelihood of backlash. They do so by inducing/discouraging MNCs to adopt certain strategies that expose non‐university‐educated workers to globalization pressures, influencing, in turn, the electorate's attitude toward globalization. We also present and discuss the strategic options available to firms facing backlash.
Follicular lymphoma: Update on management and emerging therapies at the dawn of the new decade
Authors: Apostolidis John , Mokhtar Nihad , Al Omari Rawan , Darweesh Mohammed , Al Hashmi Hani
Published: December 2019

Follicular lymphoma is the most common indolent non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. Survival has improved over the last several decades, mainly because of the incorporation of the anti‐CD20 antibody rituximab into preexisting or rediscovered agents. The disease has a relapsing and remitting pattern, coupled with a risk of transformation into an aggressive lymphoma, and considered incurable for most patients. Next‐generation sequencing technologies have increased our understanding of the biology and genetic landscape of the disease, identifying potential druggable targets for treatment. Current prognostic models cannot accurately identify patients at risk of early progression and despite the availability of treatment options for relapsed/refractory disease, rational treatment selection balancing disease control, efficacy with toxicity, and quality of life remain unmet needs. This review provides an overview of biology, prognostication, treatment options, and emerging therapies that provide valid grounds for optimism.
The role of miR‐146a in viral infection
Authors: Nahand Javid Sadri , Karimzadeh Mohammad Reza , Nezamnia Maria , Fatemipour Maryam , Khatami Alireza , Jamshidi Sogol , Moghoofei Mohsen , Taghizadieh Mohammad , Hajighadimi Sarah , Shafiee Alimohammad , Sadeghian Mohammad , Bokharaei‐Salim Farah , Mirzaei Hamed
Published: December 2019

Cellular microRNAs (miRNAs) were identified as a key player in the posttranscriptional regulation of cellular‐genes regulatory pathways. They also emerged as a significant regulator of the immune response. In particular, miR‐146a acts as an importance modulator of function and differentiation cells of the innate and adaptive immunity. It has been associated with disorder including cancer and viral infections. Given its significance in the regulation of key cellular processes, it is not surprising which virus infection have found ways to dysregulation of miRNAs. miR‐146a has been identified in exosomes (exosomal miR‐146a). After the exosomes release from donor cells, they are taken up by the recipient cell and probably the exosomal miR‐146a is able to modulate the antiviral response in the recipient cell and result in making them more susceptible to virus infection. In this review, we discuss recent reports regarding miR‐146a expression levels, target genes, function, and contributing role in the pathogenesis of the viral infection and provide a clue to develop the new therapeutic and preventive strategies for viral disease in the future.
How to inform at‐risk relatives? Attitudes of 1379 Dutch patients, relatives, and members of the general population
Authors: Marleen van den Heuvel Lieke , Stemkens Daphne , van Zelst‐Stams Wendy A. G. , Willeboordse Floor , Christiaans Imke
Published: December 2019

The uptake of predictive DNA testing in families with a hereditary disease is <50%. Current practice often relies on the proband to inform relatives about the possibility of predictive DNA testing, but not all relatives are informed adequately. To enable informed decision‐making concerning predictive DNA testing, the approach used to inform at‐risk relatives needs to be optimized. This study investigated the preferences of patients, relatives, and the general population from the Netherlands on how to inform relatives at risk of autosomal dominant diseases. Online surveys were sent to people with autosomal dominant neuro‐, onco‐, or cardiogenetic diseases and their relatives via patient organizations (n = 379), and to members of the general population via a commercial panel (n = 1,000). Attitudes of the patient and population samples generally corresponded. A majority believed that initially only first‐degree relatives should be informed, following the principles of a cascade screening approach. Most participants also thought that probands and healthcare professionals (HCPs) should be involved in informing relatives, and a large proportion believed that HCPs should contact relatives directly in cases where patients are unwilling to inform, both for untreatable and treatable conditions. Participants from the patient sample were of the opinion that HCPs should actively offer support. Our findings show that both patients and HCPs should be involved in informing at‐risk relatives of autosomal dominant diseases and suggest that relatives' ‘right to know’ was considered a dominant issue by the majority of participants. Further research is needed on how to increase proactive support in informing of at‐risk relatives.
Clinical application of the new classification of periodontal diseases: Ground rules, clarifications and “gray zones”
Authors: Kornman Kenneth S. , Papapanou Panos N.
Published: December 2019

Background

Successful dissemination of the new classification of periodontitis is facilitated by emphasis on the basic ground rules, clarification of ambiguities, and identification of “gray zones” where thoughtful application of the guidelines by an informed, experienced clinician is paramount to arrive at a correct Stage and Grade.

Methods

Highlighted ground rules are (1) Stage is a patient‐based, not a tooth‐based concept, therefore, a single Stage is assigned per patient; (2) Stage can shift upward over time, if the periodontal status deteriorates, but the initially assigned Stage is retained even after improvement post‐therapy; (3) the complexity factors that determine Stage must be evaluated collectively, not in isolation, to arrive at a clinically meaningful assessment; (4) a single Grade is assigned to a patient based on a deliberate evaluation of the “biological fabric” of the case, in terms of history of/risk for further progression, interplay of risk factors, and the two‐way effects of periodontitis or its treatment on general health; (v) shift of Grade over time is possible towards either direction, after thorough, collective, evaluation of changes in the above parameters. Exemplified gray zones include a radiographically intact patient with minimal attachment loss in older age; presence of “frank” periodontitis affecting a single tooth; and assessment of factors that do/do not lead to increased complexity of therapy.

Conclusion

Differentiating between Stage I/II versus Stage III/IV periodontitis is relatively uncomplicated; further distinction between Stages and correct assignment of Grade requires nuanced, thorough interpretation of a broad array of findings by a knowledgeable clinician.
miR‐636 represses cell survival by targeting CDK6/Bcl‐2 in cervical cancer
Authors: Hu Qing‐Lan , Xu Zun‐Peng , Lan Yun‐Fei , Li Bei
Published: December 2019

Cervical cancer is widely known as one of the most common types of cancer diagnosed in women, and microRNAs (miRNAs) has been characterized as an important regulator in tumor progression, such as cervical cancer. MiR‐636 was found to play a tumor suppressor role in hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesis. However, the tumorigenic mechanism of miR‐636 on cervical cancer has not yet been found. In the present study, we first found that miR‐636 was significantly downregulated in cervical cancer tissues and cell lines. in vitro gain‐ and loss‐of‐function assays revealed that overexpression of miR‐636 inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis, while knockdown of miR‐636 reversed the effect on cervical tumorigenesis. Furthermore, cyclin‐dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) and B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2) were characterized as targets of miR‐636. Notably, overexpression of CDK6 or Bcl‐2 could reverse the inhibitory effect of miR‐636 on cervical cancer progression. Mechanistically, miR‐636 repressed cell survival by targeting CDK6/Bcl‐2 in cervical cancer, which may be the underlying mechanism of miR‐636‐inhibited cervical progression. In conclusion, our findings clarified the biologic significance of miR‐636/CDK6/Bcl‐2 axis in cervical cancer progression and suggested the potential therapeutic target ability of miR‐636 in treatment of cervical cancer.
Choreo‐Athetosis and Ataxia as Leading Features in a Case of Erdheim‐Chester Disease
Authors: Marano Massimo , Todisco Antonio , Motolese Francesco , Quattrocchi Carlo Cosimo , Crescenzi Anna , Cirillo Giovanni , Di Lazzaro Vincenzo
Published: December 2019

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Xanthophyll β‐Cryptoxanthin Inhibits Highly Refined Carbohydrate Diet–Promoted Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression in Mice
Authors: Lim Ji Ye , Liu Chun , Hu Kang‐Quan , Smith Donald E. , Wu Dayong , Lamon‐Fava Stefania , Ausman Lynne M. , Wang Xiang‐Dong
Published: December 2019

Scope

β‐Cryptoxanthin (BCX) can be cleaved by both β‐carotene 15,15′‐oxygenase (BCO1) and β‐carotene 9′,10′‐oxygenase (BCO2), generating biological active vitamin A and apocarotenoids. We examined whether BCX feeding could inhibit diethylnitrosamine (DEN)‐initiated, highly refined carbohydrate diet (HRCD)‐promoted hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development, dependent or independent of BCO1/BCO2 activity.

Methods and results

Two‐week‐old male wild‐type (WT) and BCO1−/−/BCO2−/− double knockout (DKO) mice are given a single intraperitoneal injection of DEN (25 mg kg−1 body weight) to initiate hepatic carcinogenesis. At 6 weeks of age, all animals are fed HRCD (66.5% of energy from carbohydrate) with or without BCX for 24 weeks. BCX feeding increases hepatic vitamin A levels in WT mice, but not in DKO mice that shows a significant accumulation of hepatic BCX. Compared to their respective HRCD littermates, both WT and DKO fed BCX have significantly lower HCC multiplicity, average tumor size, and total tumor volume, and the steatosis scores. The chemopreventive effects of BCX are associated with increased p53 protein acetylation and decreased protein levels of lactate dehydrogenase and hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α in tumors.

Conclusion

This study suggests that BCX feeding may alleviate HRCD‐promoted HCC progression by modulating the acetylation of p53, hypoxic tumor microenvironment, and glucose metabolism, independent of BCO1/BCO2.