bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glucose metabolism and incretins level in morbidly obese patients and in patients after biliopancreatic diversion performed for morbid obesity
Authors: Dedov I I , Melnichenko G A , Troshina E A , Mazurina N V , Ogneva N A , Yashkov Y I , Ilin A V
Published: June 2014

We’ve studied a carbohydrate metabolism in morbidly obese (MO) patients and the patients after bariatric surgery. The patients of the 1st group had BMI40 (n=22) and no history of diabetes mellitus. Patients after biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) performed for MO were included in the 2nd group (n=23). The 3rd group was a control group of normal weight healthy subjects (n=22). Blood glucose levels, insulin, GLP-1, GIP and glucagon during the OGTT (with 75 g of glucose) at 0, 30, 60 and 120 minutes were measured in all patients. In MO group fasting glucose levels were the highest. Impaired glucose metabolism was revealed in 68.2% of patients (n=10). Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was diagnosed in 4 cases (18.2%), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in 11 patients (50%). In the BPD postprandial blood glucose levels (120 min) were lower if compared to the other groups. In 4 individuals (17.4%) we found postprandial hypoglycemia (2.8 mmol/l). Patients of the MO group had the highest fasting insulin levels and HOMA-IR (p0.001). The maximum of insulin concentration was seen on minute 30 of the OGTT in the 2nd and 3rd groups, and it was significantly higher in the post-bariatric patients (p=0.026). In MO group the maximum of the plasma insulin levels were on the 60th minute and were still elevated after 120 minutes. Fasting and stimulated (on the 30th minute) levels of GLP-1 were significantly higher after BPD (р=0.037 and p=0.022 at 0 and 30 min, respectively). Morbidly obese patients had higher fasting and stimulated GIP. Fasting glucagon concentrations were similar in the surgical and control groups, while the people with MO had higher initial levels of glucagon (p=0.013) and it was not suppressed during the OGTT (p=0.076). Glucose intolerance and insulin resistance incidence was higher in MO patients. Hyperglucagonemia, increased GIP and decreased GLP-1 levels are observed in MO patients. Stimulated plasma insulin and GLP-1 concentrations were significantly increased in patients who underwent BPD, and may cause postprandial hypoglycemia.
Integrated approach in the treatment of metabolic syndrome
Authors: Uchamprina V A , Romantsova T I , Kalashnikova M F
Published: June 2014

The Goal of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the integrated approach for the treatment of metabolic syndrome (MS) aiming to correct all of its components versus standard therapy using clinical outcomes (BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, lipid levels), assessment of psychological status (Beck Depression Inventory), and quality of life (SF-36). Methods: A total of 60 patients with MS were included in the study. The study group (30 subjects mean age 41.0±11 years, women - 23 (76.7%), men - 7 (23.3%)) received the complex therapy of MS - pharmacotherapy of obesity (orlistat) and insulin resistance (metformin), lipid-lowering therapy (statins or fibrates), antihypertensive therapy. Control group (30 patients mean age 43.4±9.5 years, women - 26 (86.7%), men - 4 (13.3%)) was treated with statins or fibrates and received antihypertensive therapy when needed. At the inclusion in the study and after 6 months of therapy all patients underwent clinical and laboratory investigation, assessment of depression and quality of life. Results: We found a more significant reduction of all clinical outcomes (body weight, blood pressure, improvement in glucose and lipid metabolism), a significant decrease in the prevalence and severity of the depression, and an improvement in the quality of life in patients of study group compared with standard therapy. Conclusion: Complex treatment of the MS, including pharmacotherapy of obesity (orlistat, Xenical) and insulin resistance (metformin, Glucophage) is characterized by a greater clinical efficacy compared with standard therapy.
Prevalence and characteristics of lipid metabolism disorders in children from Krasnodar region of Russia
Authors: Shadrin S A , Statova A V
Published: June 2014

The goal of our study was to assess the prevalence and characteristics of lipid metabolism disorders in children Krasnodar region of Russia. Overall 6,000 children 10-17 years were included in the study. Lipid disorders were observed in 11.3 %, excess body weight in 6.3%, and obesity in 5.0% of children. The above pathologies were more common in boys (14%) than girls (8.8%). The study revealed that hormonal disorders were the cause of every second obesity as an increased thyroid-stimulating hormone was observed in 9.5 %, increased prolactin - in 38.8 %, and hyperinsulinemia - in 22.0 % of children. Metabolic disorders that were observed were: hypercholesterolemia - in 24.0 % of children with obesity, impaired glucose tolerance - in 13.0%, and the presence of three or four components of the metabolic syndrome in various combinations, identified in 18.0 % of children with obesity.
Secondary obesity
Authors: Fadeeva M I , Savelieva L V
Published: June 2014

Hyperinsulinism and insulin resistance, hypogonadism in men and women are often associated with obesity and may be its consequences and to be a primary preceding the development of overweight. A characteristic feature of the endocrine obesity is an increase in body weight due to visceral fat with redistribution on central type, accompanied by the development of the metabolic and endocrine disorders. Mechanisms of obesity in various hormonal disturbances are different. In general in the vast majority approaches of obesity treatment do not differ from generally accepted. Adequate correction of hormonal disorders can reduce body weight and contribute to the improvement of endocrine-metabolic parameters.
Clinical drug-drug interactions: focus on venlafaxine
Authors: Magalhães Paulo , Alves Gilberto , LLerena Adrián , Falcão Amílcar
Published: June 2014

Venlafaxine (VEN) is an antidepressant agent widely used nowadays as an alternative to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), particularly for the treatment of SSRI-resistant depression. As the co-administration of antidepressant drugs with other medications is very common in clinical practice, the potential risk for pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic drug interactions that may be clinically meaningful increases. Bearing in mind that VEN has exhibited large variability in antidepressant response, besides the individual genetic background, several other factors may contribute to those variable clinical outcomes, such as the occurrence of significant drug-drug interactions. Indeed, the presence of drug interactions is possibly one of the major reasons for interindividual variability, and their anticipation should be considered in conjugation with other specific patients’ characteristics to optimize the antidepressant therapy. Hence, a comprehensive overview of the pharmacokinetic- and pharmacodynamic-based drug interactions involving VEN is herein provided, particularly addressing their clinical relevance.
Group rings whose set of symmetric elements is Lie metabelian
Authors: Broche Osnel , del Río Ángel , Ruiz Manuel
Published: June 2014

Let R be a commutative ring of characteristic zero and G be an arbitrary group. In the present paper we classify the groups G for which the set of symmetric elements with respect to the classical involution of the group ring RG is Lie metabelian.
Multicanonical Determination of the Symbol Error Ratio of WDM Polarization Multiplexed QPSK Systems
Authors: Soliman George , Yevick David
Published: June 2014

The multicanonical method is applied to the calculation of the symbol error ratio (SER) as a function of the optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) at the receiver for a polarization multiplexed quadrature phase shift keying (PM-QPSK) wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) system. We improve upon previous calculations by including polarization mode dispersion (PMD) and subsequently verifying the numerical accuracy of our calculations. Our numerical studies demonstrate that acceptable accuracy can be achieved even when advancing the polarization through the fiber with relatively large propagation step lengths.
Preparation and X-ray structures of selected aminium thiosulfates
Authors: Dąbrowska Agnieszka , Chojnacki Jarosław
Published: June 2014

Various types of aminium thiosulfates (1–6), including hydrates and mixed salts, have been obtained by the reaction of ammonium thiosulfate with amines. Tert-butylamine, cyclo-hexylamine and 1,6-diaminohexane gave crystals of (t-BuNH3)2S2O3·H2O (1), (c-C6H11NH3)2S2O3 (3) and {(NH4)2(H3NC6H12NH3)(S2O3)2} (6), respectively, which were investigated by X-ray structural analysis. Extensive hydrogen bonding of the N-H…O and N-H…S type is responsible for formation of alternating hydrophilic and hydrophobic layers in the solid-state. In the case of (1), the layers are separated by strata of weak van der Waals interactions, while (3) consists of hydrogen-bonding stabilized rods along the b direction. The structure of (6) contains 3D covalent bonding plus hydrogen bonding networks with no separable substructures. Solubility and thermal decomposition are also briefly discussed.
IgE actions on CD4+ T cells, mast cells, and macrophages participate in the pathogenesis of experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms
Authors: Wang Jing , Lindholt Jes S , Sukhova Galina K , Shi Michael A , Xia Mingcan , Chen Han , Xiang Meixiang , He Aina , Wang Yi , Xiong Na , Libby Peter , Wang Jian‐An , Shi Guo‐Ping
Published: June 2014

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) activates mast cells (MCs). It remains unknown whether IgE also activates other inflammatory cells, and contributes to the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). This study demonstrates that CD4+ T cells express IgE receptor FcεR1, at much higher levels than do CD8+ T cells. IgE induces CD4+ T‐cell production of IL6 and IFN‐γ, but reduces their production of IL10. FcεR1 deficiency (Fcer1a−/−) protects apolipoprotein E‐deficient (Apoe−/−) mice from angiotensin‐II infusion‐induced AAAs and reduces plasma IL6 levels. Adoptive transfer of CD4+ T cells (but not CD8+ T cells), MCs, and macrophages from Apoe−/− mice, but not those from Apoe−/− Fcer1a−/− mice, increases AAA size and plasma IL6 in Apoe−/− Fcer1a−/− recipient mice. Biweekly intravenous administration of an anti‐IgE monoclonal antibody ablated plasma IgE and reduced AAAs in Apoe−/− mice. Patients with AAAs had significantly higher plasma IgE levels than those without AAAs. This study establishes an important role of IgE in AAA pathogenesis by activating CD4+ T cells, MCs, and macrophages and supports consideration of neutralizing plasma IgE in the therapeutics of human AAAs.
A positive feedback loop between RIP3 and JNK controls non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Gautheron Jérémie , Vucur Mihael , Reisinger Florian , Cardenas David Vargas , Roderburg Christoph , Koppe Christiane , Kreggenwinkel Karina , Schneider Anne Theres , Bartneck Matthias , Neumann Ulf Peter , Canbay Ali , Reeves Helen Louise , Luedde Mark , Tacke Frank , Trautwein Christian , Heikenwalder Mathias , Luedde Tom
Published: June 2014

Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents the most common liver disease in Western countries and often progresses to non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) leading ultimately to liver fibrosis and liver cancer. The occurrence of hepatocyte cell death—so far characterized as hepatocyte apoptosis—represents a fundamental step from benign steatosis toward progressive steatohepatitis. In contrast, the function of RIP3‐dependent “necroptosis” in NASH and NASH‐induced fibrosis is currently unknown. We show that RIP3 is upregulated in human NASH and in a dietary mouse model of steatohepatitis. RIP3 mediates liver injury, inflammation, induction of hepatic progenitor cells/activated cholangiocytes, and liver fibrosis through a pathway suppressed by Caspase‐8. This function of RIP3 is mediated by a positive feedback loop involving activation of Jun‐(N)‐terminal Kinase (JNK). Furthermore, RIP3‐dependent JNK activation promotes the release of pro‐inflammatory mediators like MCP‐1, thereby attracting macrophages to the injured liver and further augmenting RIP3‐dependent signaling, cell death, and liver fibrosis. Thus, RIP3‐dependent necroptosis controls NASH‐induced liver fibrosis. This pathway might represent a novel and specific target for pharmacological strategies in patients with NASH.
HUBUNGAN MODAL SOSIAL DENGAN KESEJAHTERAAN EKONOMI KELUARGA DI DAERAH PERDESAAN JAMBI
Authors: - Suandi
Published: June 2014

Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis pengaruh modal sosial terhadap kesejahteraan ekonomi keluarga di daerah perdesaan Kabupaten Kerinci. Desain penelitian adalah cross sectional. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Kerinci dengan memilih dua kecamatan, yaitu: Kecamatan Keliling Danau, dan Kecamatan Batang Merangin. Waktu penelitian secara keseluruhan dilakukan dari bulan Juni sampai dengan bulan Nopember 2012. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 132 keluarga atau 10 persen dari populasi (1.316 keluarga) yang diambil secara berturut-turut dengan cara cluster, purposive, dan simple random sampling. Variabel penelitian: (1) kesejahteraan ekonomi keluarga (kesejahteraan objektif, dan kesejahteraan subjektif, dan (2) Modal sosial (asosiasi lokal dan karakter masyarakat). Analisis data menggunakan model Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) melalui program LISREL. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modal sosial (asosiasi lokal dan karakter masyarakat) responden tergolong kuat. Mengacu kepada alokasi pengeluaran, tingkat ekonomi petani di daerah penelitian tergolong relatif kaya dengan distribusi keluarga yang tergolong pada kelompok sejahtera mencapai 78,8 persen, sedangkan kelompok miskin hanya 21,2 persen. Modal sosial (asosiasi lokal dan karakter masyarakat) baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung berpengaruh positif sangat nyata terhadap kesejahteraan ekonomi keluarga. The objectives of this study is to analyze the effect of social capital on family economic well-being in rural areas of Kerinci regency. The research design is cross sectional and was carried out  in Batang Merangin and Keliling Danau districts from June to Nopember 2012. Variables used are social capital (local associations and community character), and family economic well-being  both objective and subjective economic well-being. 132 household samples are chosen using cluster, purposive and random sampling methods. Data were collected using survay, indepth interview, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Descriptive,  and  Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) models were used for data analyzed. The results show that social capital (local associations and community character) contained in the study area as strong. Referring to the allocation of family expenditure, the economic level of family in the study area are relatively wealthy families with distributions belonging to the prosperous group reached 78.8 percent, while only the poor families  as much as 21.2 percent. Social capital (local associations and community character) both directly and indirectly has a significant effect on family economic well-being.
POLITIK RELASI ETNIK: MATRILINEALITAS DAN ETNIK MINORITAS CINA DI PADANG, SUMATRA BARAT
Authors: Alfirdaus Laila Kholid , Hiariej Eric , Risakotta Farsijana Adeney
Published: June 2014

Relasi etnik Minang dan etnik Cina di Padang, Sumatra Barat, menarik untuk dikaji. Melalui desk-study atas kajian Minang dan Cina, yang diperkuat dengan penelitian lapangan pada 2010 dan 2013 secara kualitatif dengan wawancara dan observasi, tulisan ini menemukan bahwa tidak cukup melihat relasi etnik Minang dan Cina dari perspektif ekonomi politik. Kita perlu memberikan perhatian terhadap faktor budaya dan budaya politik masyarakat Minang di Padang yang bercorak matrilineal. Jika literatur yang ada cenderung deterministik, menghasilkan dua pandangan yang secara ekstrem berbeda, yang dalam artikel ini disebut pandangan “manis” dan “sinis”, tulisan ini berargumen sebaliknya. Relasi etnik Minang dan etnik Cina tidak bisa secara buru-buru disebut “manis” hanya karena etnik Cina telah menetap dan berpartisipasi dalam kehidupan sosial ekonomi Padang sejak zaman penjajahan, atau karena Padang relatif minim kerusuhan dibandingkan kota lainnya. Demikian juga, ia tidak bisa serta merta dilihat secara “sinis” hanya karena segregasi sosial terlihat lebih kentara. Tulisan ini berargumen bahwa dua wajah yang secara bersamaan terjadi tidak lepas dari bentukan budaya Minang yang lekat dengan nilai-nilai matrilineal yang tertuang dalam ide feministik Bundo Kanduang Inter-etnic relations between Minang and Chinese in Padang, West Sumatra, that looks different compared to other societies in Indonesia is interesting to discuss. Through  a desk study about Minang and Chinese, being strengthened with fieldworks in 2010 and 2013 using qualitative methods in which in-depth interview and non-participatory observations, this article found that political economy perspective being used to explain Minang-Chinese relations is not enough. We need to pay attention on culture and political culture of Minangkabau society in Padang, that is matrilineal in the nature. While the existing lieratures tend to strictly classify the relations into “sweet” and “cynical” (good and bad relations), this article argue the contrary. The relatively long encounter of Chinese with Minang in Padang as well as the less conflicts (mass violence) against Chinese compared to the other regions could not be simply categorized as “manis” (sweet relations). Similarly, we should not undermine the good relations between Minang and Chinese, existing in some ocassions merely as formalistic practices just because of segregation in Minang and Chinese’s residential areas. This article argues that the twocontrary  but inseparable faces of Minang-Chinese’s relations are inseparable from the Minangkabau culture that is matrilineal in the nature, as manifested in Bundo Kanduang containing the idea of femininity.
WOMAN’S POSITION IN UNDOCUMENTED MARRIAGES
Authors: Arsal Thriwaty
Published: June 2014

The term of undocumented marriage is only known in Muslim community in Indonesia. Undocumented marriage is a legal type of marriage based on Islam as long as it is meets the marriage’s legal requirements; however, it is diverge from the state rules because it is not registered in the authorized institution for marriage. A woman who married with this type of marriage, based on law and administration, has no clear identity before the state. It will make her difficult to have her right as a wife. Undocumented marriage will give weak position for children by law. In addition, women’s position in this type of marriage is the disadvantage object. Although undocumented marriage has negative impact especially on women and children; in Warurejo, however, this marriage is widely dispersed among the community. Research is conducted in Warurejo village, East Java using qualitative, quantitative and semantic approaches. Research result shows that the women’s position in this undocumented marriage is having discrimination, subordination, no bargaining power in the family, and susceptible for cervix cancer. They do not have any option for the future because it is determined by family, norm and value system prevailed in the community. Istilah nikah siri hanya dikenal pada masyarakat muslim Indonesia. Nikah siri adalah bentuk pernikahan yang sah secara agama Islam sepanjang memenuhi syarat sahnya pernikahan tapi dianggap menyimpang dari peraturan negara karena tidak terdaftar pada lembaga yang berwenang mengurusi masalah perkawinan. Perempuan yang nikah siri, secara catatan hukum atau administrasi tidak memiliki identitas yang jelas di hadapan negara. Sulit untuk mendapatkan hak-haknya sebagai seorang istri. Pernikahan siri berdampak pula pada kelemahan posisi anak secara hukum. Selain itu, posisi perempuan dalam nikah siri juga lebih banyak menjadi objek yang dirugikan. Walaupun nikah siri mempunyai dampak negatif khususnya terhadap perempuan dan anak tapi di Warurejo nikah siri begitu berkembang dan meluas pada masyarakat. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di desa Warurejo Jawa Timur dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, kuantitatif dan semantik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa posisi perempuan dalam menikah siri mengalami diskriminasi, subordinasi, tidak memiliki posisi tawar dalam keluarga, rentan terhadap kanker serviks. Perempuan tidak memiliki pilihan untuk menentukan masa depannya karena masa depannya ditentukan oleh keluarga dan norma dan sistem nilai yang berlaku pada masyarakat tersebut
JARINGAN SOSIAL PEMASARAN PADA KOMUNITAS NELAYAN TRADISIONAL BANTEN
Authors: Amiruddin Suwaib
Published: June 2014

Nelayan tradisional memiliki karakteristik ketergantungan terhadap kondisi alam dan hasil tangkapan yang diperoleh. Selain itu ketergantungan terjadi pula pada aspek permodalan dan jaringan sosial pemasaran. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi karakteristik nelayan tradisional, proses dan jaringan sosial pemasaran antar kelompok dan jaringan sosial pemasaran melalui Tempat Pelelangan Ikan (TPI). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Informan penelitian adalah pemilik modal, pemilik perahu, nelayan, petugas TPI. Hasil penelitiannya adalah bahwa karakteristik komunitas nelayan tradisional di Lontar melakukan kegiatan penangkapan ikan berdasarkan pada jenis alat tangkap yang dimiliki terdiri dari rejung, jaring insang, ikan karang, rakek (kerang) kapasitas mesin perahu adalah 15-17pk. Jangkauan jarak melaut hanya berkisar 3-4 mill, jarak tempuh sekitar 1-2 jam untuk menjangkau lokasi penangkapan. Bagi nelayan yang memperoleh permodalan untuk melaut melalui langgan, maka pemasaran dikuasai oleh langgan, serta penentuan harga dan pemasaran semuanya dikendalikan oleh langgan. Sedangkan nelayan yang tidak memiliki ikatan pada langgan, maka jaringan sosial pemasaran hasil tangkapan dilakukan secara langsung melalui TPI Lontar. Transaksi di pelelangan, dilakukan mekanisme pengelompokan jenis dan ukuran ikan, dan kemudian diadakan penawaran harga secara terbuka dan disesuaikan dengan harga di pasaran.Traditional fisherman rely on seasonal condition when they do fishing, their fishing product, their capital, and social network marketing.The study aimed to investigate the characteristic of traditional fisherman. Their social system and their marketing strategies. It was a qualitative study using partisipative observation, in-depth interview, and documentation technique. The subjects of the study were capital owner, boat owner, fisherman, and officer of fish auction. The study showed that traditional fisherman community in Lontar did its fishing based on fishing equipment which consisted of rejung, net, reef fish, and clam.The boats capacity were about 15-17 pk, with 3-4 miles distance and 1-2 hours journey to fishing location. Traditional fishermen were highly depent on capital owner (langgan) whom they got the capital from and they gave the fishing products to. Moreover, langgan decided the price and fish marketting. Some of traditional fishermen could directly sold their fishing products themselves because they had their own capital. The fisherman community sold their fishing products in fish auction, which price was determinied by the kinds and sizes of the fishes.
JENANG MANCAWARNA SEBAGAI SIMBOL MULTIKULTURALISME MASYARAKAT JAWA
Authors: Baehaqie Imam
Published: June 2014

Penulisan artikel ini ditujukan untuk menjelaskan makna warna-warna yang ada dalam jenang mancawarna ‘jenang banyak warna’. Jenang mancawarna atau yang juga dikenal dengan nama jenang pepak ‘jenang lengkap’ merupakan salah satu nama jenang dalam sesaji selamatan daur hidup masyarakat Jawa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan etnolinguistik. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode observasi dan wawancara terhadap informan yang berdomisili di Kabupaten Wonogiri, Jawa Tengah. Dari hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa masyarakat Jawa memiliki pandangan mengenai multikulturalisme atau tergolong masyarakat yang multikulturalis karena empat warna dalam jenang tersebut memiliki makna semiotis antara lain bahwa seorang manusia hendaknya senantiasa menyadari dan menghargai perbedaan pemikiran para saudaranya yang berada di kiblat papat lima pancer ‘empat arah mata angin: timur, barat, utara, dan selatan’. This article seeks to explain the meanings of various colors of jenang mancawarna ‘multicolored jenang’. Jenang mancawarna is also known as jenang pepak ‘complete jenang’, a name of jenang in a celebration offerings of Javanese people. The research was conducted by using ethnolinguistics approach. The research was done through observation and interview in Wonogiri Regency, Central Java. The result of the research, Javanese people have unique views of multiculturalism as reflected in the four colours of Jenang. The colours have semiotic-meanings, that people ought to being aware and respect to different thinking of his connections who are bound in kiblat papat lima pancer ‘four directions: east, west, north, and south’.
The regulation of the expression and activation of the essential ATF1 transcription factor in the mouse preimplantation embryo
Authors: Jin X L , O'Neill C
Published: June 2014

The co-expression of the CREB and ATF1 transcription factors is required for the development of preimplantation embryos. Embryotropin-mediated, calcium/calmodulin-dependent signalling activates CREB-induced transcription in the two-cell embryo, but the regulation ofATF1in the embryo is not known. This study demonstrates that ATF1 begins to accumulate within both pronuclei of the mouse zygote by 20 h post-human chorionic gonadotrophin. This did not require new transcription (not blocked by α-amanitin), but was dependent upon protein synthesis (blocked by puromycin) and the activity of P38 MAP kinase. ATF1 becomes an active transcription factor upon being phosphorylated. A marked accumulation of phosphorylatedATF1was evident in two-cell embryos and this persisted in subsequent stages of development. This phosphorylation was enhanced by the actions of autocrine embryotropic mediators (including Paf) and required the mutual actions of P38 MAP kinase and calmodulin-dependent pathways for maximum levels of phosphorylation. The combined inhibition of these two pathways blocked embryonic genome activation (EGA) and caused embryos to enter a developmental block at the two-cell stage. The members of the CREB family of transcription factors can generate one of the most diverse transcriptomes of any transcription factor. The demonstration of the presence of activatedCREBandATF1within the embryonic nucleus at the time of EGA places these transcription factors as priority targets as key regulators of EGA.
Gravimetric structure for the abyssal mantle massif of Saint Peter and Saint Paul peridotite ridge, Equatorial Atlantic Ocean, and its relation to active uplift
Authors: MOTOKI KENJI F. , MOTOKI AKIHISA , SICHEL SUSANNA E.
Published: June 2014

This paper presents gravimetric and morphologic analyses based on the satellite-derived data set of EGM2008 and TOPEX for the area of the oceanic mantle massif of the Saint Peter and Saint Paul peridotite ridge, Equatorial Atlantic Ocean. The free-air anomaly indicates that the present plate boundary is not situated along the longitudinal graben which cuts peridotite ridge, but about 20 km to the north of it. The high Bouguer anomaly of the peridotite ridge suggests that it is constituted mainly by unserpentinised ultramafic rocks. The absence of isostatic compensation and low-degree serpentinisation of the ultramafic rocks indicate that the peridotite ridge is sustained mainly by active tectonic uplift. The unparallel relation between the transform fault and the relative plate motion generates near north-south compression and the consequent tectonic uplift. In this sense, the peridotite massif is a pressure ridge due to the strike-slip displacement of the Saint Paul Transform Fault.
Extraction and characterization of lipids from Sarcocornia ambigua meal: a halophyte biomass produced with shrimp farm effluent irrigation
Authors: COSTA CÉSAR S.B. , VICENTI JULIANO R.M. , MORÓN-VILLARREYES JOAQUÍN A. , CALDAS SERGIANE , CARDOSO LIZIANE V. , FREITAS RICARDO F. , D'OCA MARCELO G.M.
Published: June 2014

Sarcocornia ambigua is a perennial glasswort, native of South America and a potential new seed-oil crop and forage for direct irrigation with salt water. Small seeds develop inside fertile segments of its cylindrical leafless shoots and, at the harvest, seeds are typically mixed with remnant cellulose material difficult to separate. This work evaluated different extraction methods and the composition of total esterified fatty acids in a meal of ground fertile shoots of S. ambigua, seeking for an alternative primary matter and larger yield of total lipids. The highest lipid yield was obtained with a chloroform:methanol mixture (2:1)(v/v) (5.2% of dry weight). The most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acids in the meal were linoleic acid (C18:2; 21.4%) and oleic acid (C18:1; 18.3%). Fifty six percent of the lipids in S. ambigua meal were saturated and palmitic acid (C16:0) was the main fraction (19.8%). Long-chain fatty acids (≥ C20) represented 29.5% of the lipids. Most abundant long-chain fatty acids were behenic acid (C22:0; 7.1%), lignoceric acid (C24:0; 5.3%) and montanic acid (C28:0; 4.0%). The percentage of saturated lipids in S. ambigua meal was higher than that of vegetable oils with a MUFA nutritional profile and some of these lipids have known bioactive properties.
In vitro cytotoxic, antifungal, trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activities of acetogenins isolated from Annona cornifolia A. St. -Hil. (Annonaceae)
Authors: LIMA LUCIANA A.R.S. , ALVES TÂNIA M.A. , ZANI CARLOS L. , SALES JÚNIOR POLICARPO A. , ROMANHA ALVARO J. , JOHANN SUSANA , CISALPINO PATRÍCIA S. , PIMENTA LÚCIA P.S. , BOAVENTURA MARIA AMÉLIA D.
Published: June 2014

Annona cornifolia A. St. -Hil. is a small annual perennial tree found in the Brazilian savannah; their green fruit is popularly used in the treatment of ulcers. The acetogenins isolated from the seeds of Annona cornifolia previously showed to possess antioxidant activity. In continuation of our investigations on the biological activities of acetogenins, four binary mixtures and ten pure adjacent bis-tetrahydrofuran annonaceous acetogenins were evaluated: the cytotoxic (against three human tumor cell lines), antifungal (against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis), trypanocidal (against Trypanosoma cruzi) and leishmanicidal (against Leishmania amazonensis) activities. Acetogenins presented cytotoxic activity confirming their potential use in anti-cancer therapy. Regarding leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activities, an inhibition of 87% of L. amazonensis amastigotes and 100% of T. cruzi amastigotes and trypomastigotes was observed, when tested at the concentration of 20 µg mL–1. Moreover, six acetogenins showed more activity against all the three tested isolates of P. brasiliensis than trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, a drug used for treating paracoccidioidomycosis. Thus, acetogenins may be an alternative in treating a number of diseases that have a huge impact on millions of people worldwide. This paper reports for the first time the antifungal, leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activities for these acetogenins.
Patterns of arboreal and terrestrial space use by non-volant small mammals in an Araucaria forest of southern Brazil
Authors: ABREU MAURY S.L. , OLIVEIRA LARISSA R. DE
Published: June 2014

Despite the advances in the techniques for researching arboreal small mammals, detailed ecological data, such as habitat use patterns, are practically nonexistent for many species. Using 150 live-traps installed on the ground, understory (1.0-5.0m) and canopy (>5.0m) we investigated patterns of arboreal and terrestrial space use by small mammals in an Araucaria Forest in southern Brazil (29°29′08″S; 50°12′26″W). We also measured 19 microhabitat variables that could potentially influence the abundance of such mammals on each trap station. The results indicated that Akodon montensis and A. serrensis were mainly terrestrial. Delomys dorsalis was also terrestrial, but it also used understory (17.24% of captures). Juliomys sp. and Gracilinanus microtarsus were the most arboreal small mammals recorded. A. montensis was associated with dense vegetation, while A. serrensis selected positively opened areas. Juliomys sp. and G. microtarsus were associated to microhabitat variables related to the access and movement within the canopy. Moreover, bromeliads on arboreal layer were an important factor for these two arboreal species. This is the first study to report microhabitat associations by Juliomys sp. and A. serrensis, and we demonstrated that vertical stratification and microhabitat use were both synergic mechanisms to determine habitat use by small mammals on the Araucaria Forest of southern Brazil.
Implementation of a geographic information system (GIS) for the planning of beekeeping in the west region of Paraná
Authors: CAMARGO SIMONE C. , GARCIA REGINA C. , FEIDEN ARMIN , VASCONCELOS EDMAR S. DE , PIRES BRUNO G. , HARTLEBEN ALCEU M. , MORAES FERNANDA J. DE , OLIVEIRA LUAN DE , GIASSON JUYVERSON , MITTANCK EDUARDO S. , GREMASCHI JEFERSON R. , PEREIRA DIANA J.
Published: June 2014

This study aimed to develop a Geographic Information System (GIS), for storage of information and geographic location of apiaries in eight counties in western Paraná; study the local flora; the land used; and the honey productivity in the harvest of 2010 in two of these areas: Marechal Cândido Rondon and Santa Helena. In order to do so we used the software SPRING, delimiting a radius of action of bees of three kilometers around the apiaries. We interviewed and registered 126 beekeepers with 383 apiaries. By using the images we selected areas with greater and lower overlap of hives in Marechal Cândido Rondon (144 and 44 hives, respectively) and Santa Helena (165 and 40 hives, respectively), in a three kilometers radius, selecting 15 colonies in each area, for the study of the parameters cited. In the multivariate analysis of the grouping, five groups were formed, by their similarity of management, indicating the higher average production in the hives of the most populated area of Santa Helena and lower average production in the most populated of Marechal Cândido Rondon. The grouping of hives, the differences in the production of honey and floristic survey indicated that these differences could be associated with management, floristic and climatic differences recorded in the period of production, in the areas studied.
Structure of potamoplankton along a gradient of preservation of riparian vegetation in subtropical streams
Authors: PERESIN DENISE , TORGAN LEZILDA C. , SCHULZ UWE H. , CROSSETTI LUCIANE O.
Published: June 2014

Water quality in lotic and lentic systems is greatly influenced by the land use in the adjacent areas. This study was conducted in order to assess whether different degrees of preservation of riparian forest (from well preserved with 30m wide up to degraded with < 5 m wide) influence potamoplankton community structure. The study was conducted in three streams in the upper region of the Rio dos Sinos basin, at four sampling sites, with different width of the forest. Samplings were gathered for abiotic and biological analysis in winter (August 2010) and summer (January/February 2011). The analysis of environmental and biotic variables indicated that seasonality was the main determinant of biomass patterns, regardless of the width of riparian vegetation. The potamoplankton community of the studied streams responded to environmental conditions, although lack of significant difference among the different degrees of riparian vegetation preservation has been observed. Increasing trends on biomass, richness and diversity of species, and higher concentrations of total phosphorus and nitrogen in the non-preserved areas might indicate that the different gradients of preservation of riparian vegetation are related with the water quality in subtropical streams and consequently with the potamoplankton structure.
Biological characteristics of Heliothis virescens fed with Bt-soybean MON 87701 × MON 89788 and its conventional isoline
Authors: BORTOLOTTO ORCIAL C. , BUENO ADENEY F. , BRAGA KARLA , BARBOSA GUSTAVO C. , SANZOVO ALISSON
Published: June 2014

This study aimed to evaluate the larval biology of Heliothis virescens in soybean MON 87701 x MON 89788 and its isogenic non-Bt. In general, the impact of soybean MON 87701 x MON 89788 on H. virescens was evidenced in all bioassays, 100% larval mortality, independent of the structure (leaf or pod) consumed by the pest. The small larvae (1st and 3rdinstar) demonstrated that they were unable to damage fresh pods of soybean, regardless of whether Bt or not Bt. The large larvae (5th instar) fed on soybean MON 87701 x MON 89788 soybeans consumed three times less compared to larvae fed on non-Bt soybeans, and resulted in reduced longevity and larval survival. When soybean plants were infested with 5th instar larvae, H. virescens caused injuries in the steams of the conventional soybean. It was recorded that the insects moves quickly to this region of the plant. However the soybean MON 87701 x MON 89788 was an effective tool in controlling H. virescens.
Seronegative Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum - The challenges on disease definition and pathogenesis
Authors: Sato Douglas Kazutoshi , Callegaro Dagoberto , Lana-Peixoto Marco Aurélio , Nakashima Ichiro , Fujihara Kazuo
Published: June 2014

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are characterized by severe optic neuritis and/or longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis, and some brain lesions are also unique to NMOSD. Serum autoantibodies against aquaporin-4 (AQP4) are detected in most cases of NMOSD. However, some patients with NMOSD remain seronegative despite repetitive testing during attacks with highly sensitive cell-based assays. The differential diagnosis of NMOSD is not restricted to multiple sclerosis and it includes many diseases that can produce longitudinally extensive myelitis and/or optic neuritis. We review the clinical features, imaging, and laboratory findings that can be helpful on the diagnostic work-up, discuss the differences between AQP4 antibody positive and negative patients with NMOSD, including features of NMOSD with antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein.
Stem cells in neurology - current perspectives
Authors: Batista Chary Ely Marquez , Mariano Eric Domingos , Marie Suely Kazue Nagahashi , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen , Morgalla Matthias , Tatagiba Marcos , Li Jun , Lepski Guilherme
Published: June 2014

Central nervous system (CNS) restoration is an important clinical challenge and stem cell transplantation has been considered a promising therapeutic option for many neurological diseases. Objective : The present review aims to briefly describe stem cell biology, as well as to outline the clinical application of stem cells in the treatment of diseases of the CNS. Method : Literature review of animal and human clinical experimental trials, using the following key words: “stem cell”, “neurogenesis”, “Parkinson”, “Huntington”, “amyotrophic lateral sclerosis”, “traumatic brain injury”, “spinal cord injury”, “ischemic stroke”, and “demyelinating diseases”. Conclusion : Major recent advances in stem cell research have brought us several steps closer to their effective clinical application, which aims to develop efficient ways of regenerating the damaged CNS.
Psychiatric symptoms are present in most of the patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Oliveira Matheus F. , Oliveira João R. M. , Rotta José M. , Pinto Fernando C. G.
Published: June 2014

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is characterized by gait disturbance, dementia and/or urinary incontinence associated with dilation of ventricular system with normal opening cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Wide scientifical evidence confirms association between NPH and psychiatric symptoms. We selected 35 patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus from January 2010 to January 2012 in a Brazilian tertiary hospital and performed a formal psychiatric evaluation to identify psychiatric disorders. Psychiatric disorders were present in 71% of these patients, especially anxiety, depression and psychotic syndromes. NPH patients may develop symptoms with frontal dominance, such as personality changes, anxiety, depression, psychotic syndromes, obsessive compulsive disorder, Othello syndrome; shoplifting and mania. Unusual appearances of NPH symptoms may hinder early diagnosis and consequently proper treatment.
Depression increases in patients with Parkinson?s disease according to the increasing severity of the cognitive impairment
Authors: Chagas Marcos Hortes N. , Moriyama Tais S. , Felício André C. , Sosa Ana Luisa , Bressan Rodrigo A. , Ferri Cleusa P.
Published: June 2014

Objective : To test the hypothesis that severity of cognitive impairment modifies the association between depression and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Method : One-phase population-based door-to-door surveys. This is a secondary analysis of 1,451 people aged 65 years and older with cognitive impairment living in defined catchment areas. Depression was estimated according to ICD-10, self-reported PD, disability according to WHODAS-II and cognitive status according to the CSI-D. Results : The mean age of the sample was 79.3 years old and most (69%) were women. Of the total sample, 16.1% had depression and it was significantly higher among participants with PD. There was an increase on the ORs of the association between depression and PD with decreased scores in the cognitive test (Adjusted OR from 0.98 to 8.04). Conclusion : The association between depression and PD increases with the severity of the cognitive impairment.
Effects of galantamine and galantamine combined with nimodipine on cognitive speed and quality of life in mixed dementia: a 24-week, randomized, placebo-controlled exploratory trial (the REMIX study)
Authors: Caramelli Paulo , Laks Jerson , Palmini André Luis Fernandes , Nitrini Ricardo , Chaves Márcia Lorena Fagundes , Forlenza Orestes Vicente , Vale Francisco de Assis Carvalho do , Barbosa Maira Tonidandel , Bottino Cássio Machado de Campos , Machado João Carlos , Charchat-Fichman Helenice , Lawson Fabio Lorea
Published: June 2014

The effects of galantamine (GAL) on quality of life (QoL) and cognitive speed, as well its effects combined with nimodipine (NIM) in Alzheimer disease (AD) with cerebrovascular disease (mixed dementia), have not been explored. Method : Double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter Brazilian trial, studying the effects of GAL/NIM vs. GAL/placebo (PLA) in mild to moderate mixed dementia. Patients were randomized to receive GAL/NIM or GAL/PLA for 24 weeks. Primary efficacy measures were changes on a computerized neuropsychological battery (CNTB) and QoL Scale in Alzheimer's Disease (QoL-AD) from baseline to week 24. Results : Twenty-one patients received at least one drug dose (9 GAL/NIM and 12 GAL/PLA). Groups were matched for age, sex, education, cognitive and QoL scores at baseline. No significant differences were observed between groups on primary or secondary measures. QoL and cognitive performance showed significant improvement (p<0.05) from baseline when all GAL-treated patients were analyzed. Adverse events were predominantly mild to moderate. Conclusion : GAL treatment improved QoL in mixed dementia, in addition to its previously known cognitive benefits. The combination GAL/NIM was not advantageous. However, the small sample size precludes any definitive conclusions. Trial registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00814658
Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Carvalho Lucas S. C. , Matta André P. C. , Nascimento Osvaldo J. M. , Guimarães Antônio S. , Rodrigues Luciane R.
Published: June 2014

The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in patients with the relapsing-remitting form of multiple sclerosis (MS), the relationship between TMD and the severity of MS, and the presence of TMD symptoms in the evaluated groups. Sixty individuals were evaluated: 30 patients diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS and 30 control individuals matched for gender and age range with no neurologic pathology. In order to investigate the TMD symptoms, the questionnaires of the EACD (European Academy of Craniomandibular Disorders) and the RDC/TMD (Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders), both validated for TMD research, were administered. To assess the extent of disability produced by MS, the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) was used. The prevalence of TMD symptoms in patients with MS was 56.7% versus 16.7% for the control group, with a statistically significant difference between the groups (p=0.0016). No correlation was found between the severity of MS and the prevalence of TMD symptoms (Fisher's test, p=1.0).
Validation of the Brazilian version of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure III
Authors: Riberto Marcelo , Tavares Daniel Amorim , Rimoli José Ragide Jamal , Castineira Carolina Pastorin , Dias Rodrigo Vasconcelos , Franzoi Ana Cristina , Vall Janaina , Lopes Kathya Augusta Thomé , Chueire Regina Helena M Fornari , Battistella Linamara Rizzo
Published: June 2014

Introduction : The Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM III) specifically assesses individuals with spinal cord injuries. Objective : To translate and validate the Brazilian version of SCIM III. Method : SCIM III was translated, back-translated and adapted to the Portuguese language. Two interviewers assessed 83 subjects with spinal cord injuries in each one of seven collaborating rehabilitation centers. Functional Independence Measure (FIM™) and ASIA motor and sensory indices were also used. After six months, subjects were re-evaluated with the same instruments. Results : Examiners clearly understood the Brazilian version of SCIM III. Inter-rater intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.918, and test-retest ICC was 0.991. After six months, the variation of gains in the FIM™ positively correlated with gains in SCIM III. Conclusion : The Brazilian version of the SCIM III is easy to understand, has good psychometric properties, and is valid.
Effect of actions promoting healthy eating on students' lipid profile: A controlled trial
Authors: Ribeiro-Silva Rita De Cássia , Silva Luce Alves Da , Cangussu Maria Cristina Teixeira
Published: June 2014

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of nutrition intervention actions on the lipid profile of children and adolescents enrolled in public elementary schools. METHODS: This nine-month, controlled, intervention study included 202 students aged 7 to 14 years attending two schools (intervention/control) located in a poor neighborhood of the municipality of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Actions were implemented in the intervention school to promote healthy eating habits, presented as "Ten steps to healthy eating". The effect of these actions was assessed by subjecting the students at baseline and end of the follow-up to biochemical, maturation, and anthropometric measurements and a produce intake survey. The dependent variables were the changes in the study biochemical parameters: total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and triglycerides. Analysis of covariance assessed the changes that occurred over the study period. RESULTS: The mean total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and triglycerides of the intervention students decreased 13.18 mg/dL (p=0.001), 7.41 mg/dL (p=0.038), and 12.37 mg/dL (p=0.029), respectively, compared with the control students. CONCLUSION: Actions of this nature have a positive impact on lipid profile. This study adds to those that use effective and viable public health strategies implementable at the primary care level.