bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contribution à l'étude de la ptérylose chez Perisoreus canadensis (Linnaeus), (Aves : Corvidae)
Authors: Ouellet Henri
Published: August 2008

The pterylosis of the Corvidae is generally not well known. The purpose of the present study is to describe the pterylography of the gray jay (Perisoreus canadensis). A French terminology is proposed for the various elements of the feather tracts and for the apteria. Down is present on the apteria of the winter individuals examined. The circles of feathers around the eyes are considered as feather tracts rather than elements of the other head feather tracts. There is no median fissure in the dorsal saddle, and the posterior element of the dorsal feather tract is attached to the saddle by a narrow band of feathers. There are 20 remiges; the 10th secondary is reduced in size and difficult to identify on study skins. The arrangement, shape, and orientation of the wing coverts are discussed. There are 12 rectrices, 6 on each side, but there are only 10 upper-tail coverts; a pair of filoplumes corresponds to each of them. Twelve (12) greater under tail coverts were found. A description of the natal down is provided. Individual variation in the pterylosis of the gray jay is slight, and there appears to be no sexual dimorphism; similarly, the bilateral symmetry is very high, perhaps perfect. Finally, it is suggested that the presence of down on the apteria in winter may be an adaptation to the low winter temperatures in the range of the species, and to breeding early in cold climate.
Evaluation of a kicking technique for sampling stream bottom fauna
Authors: Frost S. , Huni A. , Kershaw W. E.
Published: August 2008

A square-framed, conical net (300-μ pores) was used in the kicking technique described herein for sampling the larger invertebrates of stony streams. Small samples have consistent percentage population components differing significantly from large ones. Even when bottom-dwellers are numerous, less than 20% of those present are collected (including less than 5.4% of the truly lithophilic species).Almost 60% of the fauna collected from any one site is taken at the first kick. Three kicks yield almost 90% of the organisms secured by 10. Some organisms bypass the net or swim from or through it, and if the net is maintained in position for any length of time, stream-drift animals will mask the sample.
Range expansion of Brewer's blackbird: phenetics of a new population
Authors: Power Dennis M.
Published: August 2008

The Brewer's blackbird (Euphagus cyanocephalus) is rapidly expanding its range eastward across Ontario and parts of the United States. This study was to determine if phenetic changes have taken place during or immediately after expansion. A sample was collected in 1968 in the vicinity of McKerrow, Ontario, near the periphery of the zone of expansion and where breeding was first recorded in 1962. For comparison, a second collection was made in the stable part of the range near Winnipeg, Manitoba. Statistical comparisons for 37 skin and skeletal characters were made between the two samples for both sexes. Tests for differences in character means suggest that strong directional selection, different from that in the stable part of the range, is not operating in the newly occupied area. Likewise, differences in population variability seem slight and do not show alterations in genetic variability that would be expected during a Carsonian population flush or that would be expected because of a partial founder effect.
Fine structure of the antennal sensory appendix in the larva of Ctenicera destructor (Brown) (Elateridae: Coleoptera)
Authors: Scott David A. , Zacharuk R. Y.
Published: August 2008

The antennal sensory appendix of Ctenicera destructor (Brown) appears to be a compound sensillum basiconicum formed by a union of about 12 individual sensilla. It is innervated by about 36 bipolar sense cells of type I, which occur usually in 12 groups of three neurons each. The sensory cuticle is large, cone-shaped, and abundantly perforated by a slit-tubule system. The dendrites of each group of neurons are enclosed distally by a single tubular cuticular sheath attached to the base of the cone by a suspensory fiber system. The ensheathed portion of the dendrites lies in a receptor-lymph cavity formed by the tormogen and accessory trophic cells. Distal dendritic branches pass below and occasionally enter inner pockets in the sensory cuticle, but no connections were seen between the slit-tubule system and the dendritic surfaces. About 12 of each of four types of cells are associated with the neurons in this sensillum: tormogen, trichogen, accessory trophic, and neurilemma. The ultrastructure and probable function of each type is described. A central, complex junction body region divides each dendrite into morphologically distinct distal and proximal region. All the cells associated with the sensillum are in a compact bundle, which is separated from adjacent sensilla within the antenna by a membranous septum. It is suggested that this sense organ has an olfactory function.
Vocal communication by the frog Eleutherodactylus martinicensis
Authors: Lemon Robert E.
Published: August 2008

Eleutherodactylus martinicensis is a small frog of the Caribbean area, including Barbados. Individuals exhibit precise alternation of calls with those played to them from a tape recorder as well as during natural interactions. The alternations are characteristic of territory holding males and are similar to those shown by certain insects.
Field and laboratory activity patterns of the tidepool cottid Oligocottus maculosus Girard
Authors: Green John M.
Published: August 2008

In its natural habitat, Oligocottus maculosus displayed a locomotor activity that is dependent primarily upon such factors as turbulence, temperature, and light. Under laboratory conditions this species exhibits a tidal rhythm of locomotor activity. The rhythm appears to be entrained directly by the tide and is not directly related to the daily field activity of O. maculosus. It is concluded that it represents the coupling of an avoidance or escape response to a biological clock.
Olfactory discrimination limits in gerbils
Authors: Dagg Anne Innis , Windsor Doug E.
Published: August 2008

Gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) that had been taught to distinguish between pairs of odors using a T-maze were able to distinguish between gerbils and four other species of small rodents, between male and female gerbils, between two male gerbils, between the urines of these two males when they were diluted 1 part in up to 1000 parts water, and between water and urine that was diluted 1 part in 10 000 parts water.
The African molossid bat Tadarida russata
Authors: Peterson R. L.
Published: August 2008

Five specimens of Tadarida russata obtained from Cameroun, West Africa, appear to be the first collected since the original series was obtained in 1910 from near Medje, Congo. Both the new and the original specimens were taken along the junction of the so-called "high forest" and "Guinea forest" zones but some 1200 miles apart. The Cameroun specimens were compared with the original type series and additional morphological data provided as well as the illustrations of facial and cranial features. T. bivittata, of similar size, is shown not to be closely allied with T. russata nor any member of the subgenus Chaerephon. T. russata is closely related to T. aloysiisabaudiae but differs in size, skull proportions, and details of the basisphenoid pits.
Ascaphus tadpole: experiments on the suction and gill irrigation mechanisms
Authors: Gradwell Norman
Published: August 2008

Sucker engagement in Ascaphus is effected by application of the oral disc to a reasonably flat surface. Contact causes increased amplitude of buccal pumping, and the negative pressures of buccal inspiration are transmitted to the sucker through the open mouth. However, during expiration, the transmission of positive buccal pressures to the sucker is hindered by a membranous oral valve. Therefore a partial vacuum is progressively created between the sucker and the substratum. Buccal pumping and the oral valve enable ambient pressure to ensure and maintain sucker engagement. Adhesion of the sucker is immediately increased by greater buccal pumping when forces operate which tend to disengage the sucker. Feeding and locomotion by the sucker usually occur together and are coordinated with irrigation.There are two continuous, rhythmically alternating force pumps in front of the gill clefts. Habitual sucker attachment to the substratum restricts buccal inflow to the nares, and despite the intermittent nature of the narial inflow, the action of these pumps ensures a continuous flow of water over the gills. Tubular external nares facilitate their closure during spontaneous protrusion of the snout above water, but they do not completely close while submerged, nor does irrigation stop, even in the fastest tolerable current.
The ecology of Lumbriculus variegatus (Müller) (Oligochaeta, Lumbriculidae) in Newfoundland
Authors: Pickavance J. R.
Published: August 2008

Lumbriculus variegatus (Müller) is reported from Newfoundland and Labrador in asexual populations with occasional sexual individuals. The life history of a population inhabiting a temporary pool at Logy Bay is described. The season of maximum regeneration is shown to be the first 4 months of the year and the adaptive significance of this is discussed. The possibility that the regeneration season of the species may be only a period of reduced juvenile mortality is discussed.
The influence of Schistocephalus plerocercoids on the respiration of Gasterosteus and a possible resulting effect on the behavior of the fish
Authors: Lester R. J. G.
Published: August 2008

Undisturbed infected fish consumed more oxygen than would uninfected controls of the same weight of fish tissue, the difference presumably being due to the parasite. When the fish were swimming, the extra consumption rose rapidly with an increase in speed, particularly in heavily infected fish. This increased oxygen requirement may account for the spatial distribution of infected fish suggested by field data.
The ecology and distribution of Promenetus exacuous Say (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) in southern Manitoba
Authors: Pip Eva , Paulishyn William F.
Published: August 2008

Promenetus exacuous inhabits limited environments in southern Manitoba. Shallow water depth and vegetation seem to be important factors affecting geographic distribution. Except for extremes, temperature, substrate, and type of water body appear to have little effect. P. exacuous generally appears to prefer water with relatively low sulphate concentrations. The effect of sulphate concentration on population fluctuation is not well understood. Several other gastropods are usually associated with P. exacuous, but none duplicates its distribution in southern Manitoba.
Relationship of the metabolic rate of excised gill tissue to body size in two species of sunfish
Authors: O'Hara James
Published: August 2008

The respiration rate of excised gill tissue from Lepomis macrochirus and Lepomis gibbosus was lowest in small fish and increased with body size to a stable maximum in larger fish. It is suggested that this relationship is due to size-associated changes in development of intrinsic muscles of the gills which compensates for the reduced surface-to-volume ratio of the gill tissue in larger fish.
A note on the sporogony of Parahaemoproteus velans (= Haemoproteus velans Coatney and Roudabush) (Haemosporidia: Haemoproteidae) in species of Culicoides
Authors: Khan R. A. , Fallis A. M.
Published: August 2008

Sporogony of Parahaemoproteus velans (= Haemoproteus velans Coatney and Roudabush) was followed in two Culicoides spp. at intervals after feeding on yellow-bellied sapsuckers (Sphyrapicus varius) harboring gametocytes. Cyclical development of the parasite was completed within 96 h at 20 °C. Mature oocysts were small and contained fewer than 50 sporozoites that arose from a single germinal mass. Sporozoites were infective to two uninfected yellow-bellied sapsuckers.
The functional significance of corneal distortion in marine mammals
Authors: Jamieson G. S.
Published: August 2008

Streamlining of the eye in an aquatic medium is suggested as an explanation for the extreme corneal distortion observed in marine mammals. Both cetaceans and pinnipeds are unique among the mammals in possessing severe astigmatism as a common characteristic.
Reidentification of a Pleistocene "Salmo" as the first fossil Gadus from Canada
Authors: Gruchy C. G.
Published: August 2008

The genus Gadus is recorded for the first time from a Canadian Pleistocene deposit. The fossil skull was previously tentatively identified as an Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar? There now appears to be no record of Salmo salar from the Pleistocene.
Pratylenchus macrostylus n. sp. (Pratylenchinae: Nematoda)
Authors: Wu Liang-Yu
Published: August 2008

Pratylenchus macrostylus n. sp. was found in soil samples collected from around trees in Algonquin Park and Aylen Lake, Ontario, and in Stanley Park, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It has the longest spear in the genus, usually 22 to 24 μ long, with the spear knob flattened on the anterior surface, the lip region roundly convex, generally with two annules. The labial framework is strongly arched and extends into two body annules. The tail is usually conically rounded with variations and the postuterine branch has a vestigial ovary.
A technique for demonstrating the blood vascular system of squid
Authors: Bradbury Helen E.
Published: August 2008

The arterial and venous components of the blood vascular system of the coleoid cephalopod Illex illecebrosus were infiltrated with a vinyl plastic resin solution. This method of preparation of the vascular system provided permanent casts of its various regions. Such models greatly facilitate comparative studies of vascular architecture.
The ecology of Stylodrilus heringianus Claparède (Oligochaeta, Lumbriculidae) in Newfoundland
Authors: Pickavance J. R.
Published: August 2008

Stylodrilus heringianus Claparède is reported from the Island of Newfoundland. Stages in the development of the genitalia are designated and described. The life history of the species in two temporary pools at Logy Bay, St. John's, Newfoundland, is described on the basis of the sexual stages. The life history in Newfoundland is discussed and compared with reports of the life history of the species from elsewhere.
Blackfly thoracic pollinosity
Authors: Hannay C. L. , Bond E. F.
Published: August 2008

Preshadowed carbon replicas of a blackfly thorax indicates that the "pollinosity" of the scutum results from the presence of fine hairs.
The occurrence of Echinococcus multilocularis Leuckart, 1863 in Alberta
Authors: Holmes John C. , Mahrt Jerome L. , Samuel William M.
Published: August 2008

Echinococcus multilocularis Leuckart, 1863 has been recovered from 63 of 283 Peromyscus maniculatus trapped near Edmonton, Alberta. This record extends the known distribution of Echinococcus multilocularis in central North America to the northwestern edge of the prairie and into the aspen parkland zone.
The effect on subsequent fertility of temporary cryptorchidization in Swiss white mice
Authors: Hagen E. Odette
Published: August 2008

A series of fertile male mice were rendered temporarily cryptorchid by abdominal fixation of the testes. At intervals the testes were released in pairs of mice and the time noted when subsequent fertility returned. This was found to be about 2 months in most cases but mice with abdominal testes for more than 5 months did not always resume fertility.Similarly neonatal mice had their testes secured in the abdomen and released at intervals. Fertility returned in about 2 months if the testes were released before 2 months after the normal age of puberty. Litters which were produced in both groups were normal.The histological appearance of the testes was similar to that described in the literature.It was concluded that mice previously fertile can resume normal fertility after temporary cryptorchidization for up to 5 months. But mice cryptorchidized from birth only become fertile if the testes are placed in the scrotum before or shortly after puberty.
Progesterone concentration in peripheral plasma of laying hens as determined by competitive protein-binding assay
Authors: Peterson A. J. , Common R. H.
Published: August 2008

The concentration of progesterone in the peripheral blood plasma of laying hens attained a peak value 4–6 h before ovulation. A peak value was not observed on days where ovulation did not occur, i.e., on days when the terminal egg of a sequence was laid.For nine ovulatory cycles the average level was 2.45 ng/ml with a range of 0.5 to 8.8 ng/ml. For five periods covering a day of no ovulation the average was 2.95 ng/ml with a range of 0.5 to 12.5 ng/ml.
Relationships between food, phylogeny, and cellulose digestion in the Bivalvia
Authors: Crosby Neil D. , Reid Robert G. B.
Published: August 2008

The distribution of cellulase in the class Bivalvia is studied with respect to phylogenetic position, feeding category, and food. Cellulase activity in nine species is measured turbidimetrically using reprecipitated cellulase substrate, colorimetrically using methyl cellulose substrate, and histochemically with methyl cellulose film. Cellulolytic activity in these animals generally corresponds to the level of cellulose in the food. Those animals feeding on particles with a high cellulose content have high cellulase levels, while those organisms feeding on epiorganisms, diatoms, or phytoplankton with low cellulose content have low cellulase levels. The Gastrotriteia may have characteristically higher endogenous cellulase levels than the other major groups and certain genera may have characteristically low cellulase activity.
The life histories and trophic relationships of the Trichoptera of Marion Lake, British Columbia
Authors: Winterbourn Michael J.
Published: August 2008

Life histories and trophic relationships of Trichoptera were studied in a small British Columbia lake. Larvae of 10 caddis species were primarily sediment feeders, 2 were leaf feeders, 3 carnivores, and 1 Banksiola crotchi, an algal feeder in early instars and predaceous in later ones. The final instar larvae of potentially competitive species tended to be separated in time. Caddis larvae were an important component of the diet of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), species being preyed upon sequentially as their later instars appeared in the lake. Larvae were also important as prey of the salamander Taricha granulosa but were less significant in the diets of kokanee salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) and a second salamander Ambystoma gracile.
Cycle vital d'Asellus communis sensu Racovitza (1920) (Crustacea, Isopoda) du lac Saint-Louis près de Montréal
Authors: Magnin Etienne , Leconte Odile
Published: August 2008

Some salient features of the life cycle of A. communis sensu Racovitza were established from 4488 specimens collected in Lake St-Louis: reproduction peak in February; growth of young more rapid in fall and winter than in summer; gravid females smaller in summer than in winter and dying after discharge of young. These features not only are adaptations to climatic conditions but also would justify creation of a new species different from A. communis Say (1818).
Emergence patterns of some Plecoptera in two mountain streams in Alberta
Authors: Radford D. S. , Hartland-Rowe R.
Published: August 2008

The seasonal distribution of Plecoptera in two mountain streams in Alberta is presented and compared with emergence patterns in the northwestern United States and southern British Columbia. Differences between the emergence periods in our study are attributed to differences in the amount of heat the streams accumulated. Some general aspects of the emergence pattern peculiar to the region, and its relation to the interaction between photoperiods and water temperature are discussed.
Plécoptères nouveaux du Québec (Insectes)
Authors: Harper P. P.
Published: August 2008

Isoperla gibbsae n. sp. and I. francesca n. sp. are described from Southern Quebec. Nemocapnia Carolina, Perlinella drymo, and Isoperla signata are reported for the first time from Quebec and notes are given on the distributions of Isoperla similis and Hastaperla orpha in the province. The number of stonefly species known from Quebec is now 102.
Respiratory water and heat loss of the black duck during flight at different ambient temperatures
Authors: Berger M. , Hart J. S. , Roy O. Z.
Published: August 2008

Pulmonary ventilation and temperature of expired air and of the respiratory passages has been measured by telemetry during flight in the black duck (Anas rubripes) and the respiratory water and heat loss has been calculated.During flight, temperature of expired air was higher than at rest and decreased with decreasing ambient temperatures. Accordingly, respiratory water loss as well as evaporative heat loss decreased at low ambient temperatures, whereas heat loss by warming of the inspired air increased. The data indicated respiratory water loss exceeded metabolic water production except at very low ambient temperatures. In the range between −16 °C to +19 °C, the total respiratory heat loss was fairly constant and amounted to 19% of the heat production. Evidence for the independence of total heat loss and production from changes in ambient temperature during flight is discussed.
Microaggregation of the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia affinis Lilljeborg with a possible reason for microaggregations of zooplankton
Authors: Brandl Z. , Fernando C. H.
Published: August 2008

A microaggregation of the littoral cladoceran Ceriodaphnia affinis was found under laboratory conditions. The aggregation consisted entirely of females which produced ephippi. The dispersed C. affinis in the same container did not produce ephippi. This indicates that reproductive activity caused the aggregation.
Notes on Trichomycetes (Harpellales: Harpellaceae and Genistellaceae) in larval blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Newfoundland
Authors: Frost Stanley , Manier Jehanne-Françoise
Published: August 2008

Penella hovassi Manier, 1963 and Harpella melusinae Léger and Duboscq, 1929, are recorded from blackfly larvae in Newfoundland. The former species compares closely with material described from France.
Influence of acclimation temperature on rate constants for thyroid uptake of iodide by brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill)
Authors: Smith Carolyn D. , Eales J. G.
Published: August 2008

A procedure for determining the rate constant for thyroid iodide uptake for fish is described.Rate constants for thyroid iodide uptake in brook trout agreed with previously used indices of thyroid activity (T/S and CR) in indicating a more active thyroid at 16C than 10C.At both temperatures radioiodide metabolism was extremely slow with considerable variation between individual fish. These features may be attributed to the high and variable serum stable iodide level in this species.
Fine structure of peripheral terminations in the porous sensillar cone of larvae of Ctenicera destructor (Brown) (Coleoptera, Elateridae), and probable fixation artifacts
Authors: Zacharuk R. Y.
Published: August 2008

Nodes occur naturally on the dendritic branches in the receptor-lymph cavity of the antennal sensory cone in larvae of Ctenicera destructor. They increase in number, are often greatly expanded, and may separate from the dendrites as fixation artifacts. Extracellular dictyosomes originate from terminal nodes of the dendritic branches. These dictyosomes secrete vesicles, believed to contain lipoidal substances, directly into the fluid in the receptor cavity. These vesicles either coalesce into large lipoidal globules which produce the peripheral sensory tubules that traverse pores in the covering cuticle, or themselves attach directly to the tubules. The sensory tubules are lipoidal in nature. It is suggested that they serve to conserve moisture in the sensillum and to channel stimulating molecules through the cuticle to the lymph in the receptor cavity. The dendrites are not attached directly to the sensory tubules, but are believed to gain contact with the stimulating molecules through the receptor lymph. The lipoidal substance for sensory tubule secretion is probably transported into the sensory cone by the neurotubules within the dendrites. The results from a technique using glutaraldehyde fixation, ammoniacal silver treatment, and lead staining, without osmium fixation, are described and discussed.
Morphological variation in three mermithids (Nematoda) from Chironomidae (Diptera) and a reassessment of the genera Gastromermis and Hydromermis
Authors: Hominick William M. , Welch H. E.
Published: August 2008

Gastromermis deltensis n. sp., Hydromermis conopophaga Poinar, 1968, and Hydromermis palustris n. sp., parasites of chironomids (Diptera) in the Delta Marsh, Manitoba, Canada, are described and illustrated. The three species showed patterns of morphological variation, the most common being variation in ventral displacement of the mouth. This led to a reconsideration of the genera Gastromermis and Hydromermis. Spicule length is proposed as the differential characteristic between the two genera. Species placed to date in Gastromermis are reassessed on this basis.
Fine structure of the dendritic junction body region of the antennal sensory cone in a larval elaterid (Coleoptera)
Authors: Scott David A. , Zacharuk R. Y.
Published: August 2008

The component ciliary collar, basal body, ciliary rootlets, trichogen–dendrite secretory junctions and secretory inclusions of the junction body region of dendrites in the wireworm antennal sensory cone are described. The primary function ascribed to the junction body region, based on the ultrastructural evidence presented, is one of secretion. The hypothesis that the secretory products produced in the junction body region are transported to the dendritic terminations in the sense organ is discussed and supported.
Metamorphosis of the perirectal Malpighian tubules in the mealworm Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae). I. Histology and histochemistry
Authors: Byers J. R.
Published: August 2008

The perirectal Malpighian tubules of both larva and adult T. molitor are highly specialized for a fluid transport role. Related to this function are a number of structural specializations, including a thick brush border which lines the lumen of the tubules. The brush border consists of closely packed microvilli containing mitochondria. Although the perirectal tubules survive the transformation from larva to adult they undergo at the cellular level a sequence of dramatic changes. During the early stages of metamorphosis there is a phase of dedifferentiation and autolysis involving the partial breakdown of the brush border and the destruction of large numbers of mitochondria. A conspicuous cytological manifestation of these processes is the transfer of membrane lipids from the brush border into intracellular osmiophilic bodies (autolysosomes). During the later stages of metamorphosis, i.e. adult development, the cells progressively redifferentiate. As the brush border is rebuilt there is an increase in the number of mitochondria concomitant with a decline in the number of osmiophilic bodies, indicating that the membrane lipid is reutilized for mitochondrial genesis.The results show that the processes of isolation and digestion of mitochondria, the accumulation and retention of valuable breakdown products, and their subsequent reutilization are integral parts of the economy of the perirectal tubule cells during metamorphosis.
Osmoregulatory capability in juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)
Authors: Bailey Jack E.
Published: August 2008

The osmoregulatory capability of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) embryos and fry was tested at weekly intervals by exposing them for 5 days to seawater with a salinity of 29‰. Juveniles that survived the 5-day test were considered to be euryhaline. The fry acquired a salinity tolerance in March 1968 when they were 64 days old and less than 35–40 mm long. The juvenile salmon retained the ability to survive direct transfer to seawater during the 12-month period following March 1968.
Analysis of song of red-eyed vireos
Authors: Lemon Robert E.
Published: August 2008

Recordings of songs made from red-eyed vireos in Quebec reveal that the songs consist of short warbles lasting about 0.35 s. These warbles are composed from a repertoire of elements numbering 41 and 54 in two individuals studied. The elements may be sung alone or in combinations of as many as five elements. In one bird 46 combinations were noted and in another 35. Rules are considered how these combinations are formed. There is much variation between individual repertoires.
The role of photoperiod and temperature in the induction and termination of an arrested development in two species of freshwater cyclopia copepods
Authors: Watson Nelson H. F. , Smallman B. N.
Published: August 2008

Daylength and temperature were shown to be environmental cues which interact to cause an arrest in development at the fourth copepodite instar of two cohabiting, temporary pond species of the genus Diacyclops; D. navus Herrick, and a second species of uncertain specific designation. The first species entered arrest under short-day conditions, the latter under long days. Arrest did not occur in rearings conducted in either continuous light or complete darkness. Cyclopids were sensitive to the photoperiodic stimulus only during the first copepodite instar. Temperature was shown to affect the critical daylength values associated with a transition from a long-day to a short-day response for each species.Similarities with insect diapause and the ecological implications of the response are discussed.
Influence of food on the cold-hardiness of Megachile rotundata (F.)
Authors: Krunic M. D.
Published: August 2008

Feeding stages of M. rotundata, because of the presence of food in their digestive tract, were less cold-hardy than non-feeding stages. Freezing temperatures of adults fed with clean honey were closely related to the amount of food consumed, whereas those of adults feeding on honey contaminated with high concentrations of ice nucleators were consistently high. The level of cold-hardiness in the species is related to the condition of the alimentary tract and the number of nucleators present.
Evaluation of a technique for sorting and counting stream invertebrates
Authors: Frost Stanley
Published: August 2008

Washing was adequate for separating invertebrates and organic material from other debris in stony stream bed samples. Stream fauna amongst detritus was counted and the effects of different conditions assessed.
The nymphs of the Taeniopterygidae of Eastern Canada (Insecta; Plecoptera)
Authors: Harper P. P. , Hynes H. B. N.
Published: August 2008

The nymphs of the eight species of Taeniopterygidae reported from Eastern Canada are described and a key for their identification is proposed.
Effect of sodium pentobarbital on the temperature selection response of guppies (Poecilia reticulata)
Authors: Ogilvie D. M. , Fryer J. N.
Published: August 2008

When guppies which had been exposed for 10 min to a 300 mg/1 dose of sodium pentobarbital were placed in a temperature gradient, their average selected temperature was observed to be about 6 °C lower than that for untreated control fish. Although the selected temperature gradually increased with time, it was still about 2 °C lower than the control value of 29 °C 4 h after exposure to the drug.
The gray vireo (Vireo vicinior Coues; Aves: Vireonidae) wintering in the Big Bend region, west Texas
Authors: Barlow Jon C. , Wauer Roland H.
Published: August 2008

The gray vireo, which was previously known only to winter in southwestern Arizona and northwestern Mexico, is reported as wintering in small numbers in Big Bend National Park, west Texas. This area is 450 mi east of the previously known wintering grounds.
A mechanism for the selective distribution of blood in the amphibia
Authors: Toews Daniel P.
Published: August 2008

Pulse pressures were measured in 23 Amphiuma tridactylum. It was found that the pulmonary artery had a lower diastolic blood pressure than did the systemic arch. There was a slight pulse lag in the systemic arch when compared to the pressure rise in the pulmonary artery such that a pressure rise was not recorded in the systemic arch until the blood pressure in the two circuits became equal. It was suggested that the pulse lag could account for deoxygenated blood being primarily shunted to the pulmonary circuit, and oxygenated blood being shunted to the systemic circuit.
Physiological control of oviposition in the female desert locust Schistocerca gregaria Forsk
Authors: Okelo Ochong
Published: August 2008

Injections of haemolymph from female desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, which were ovipositing or those that had just finished ovipositing, induced oviposition within hours in females which had ovulated; haemolymph from younger adults failed to do so. Oviposition could not be induced in locusts which had not yet ovulated. Brain extirpation led to failure of oviposition; brain implantation led to eventual oviposition.
Influence of the host plant or males on programming of oviposition in the diamondback moth (Plutella maculipennis (Curt.) Lepidoptera)
Authors: Hillyer R. J. , Thorsteinson A. J.
Published: August 2008

The effect of absence of host or males on oviposition was studied in female Plutella maculipennis obtained from a rearing regimen favoring precocious reproductive development. Both stresses increased the preoviposition period and reduced oviposition rate additively. The sensory influence of the host plant affects the rate of oviposition behaviorally as well as by the physiological effect on oocyte development.
Aspects of respiration of the freshwater pulmonate snail Lymnaea palustris (Müller)
Authors: Wright D. G. S.
Published: August 2008

Three micropatterns of oxygen uptake, one lasting 2 h, the others 3 h, were established for individual Lymnaea palustris. The patterns were endogenous and may be associated with growth.Freshly collected snails respired at a rate of 24.5 μl O2 per hour per 100 mg and laboratory-reared snails at a rate of 27.5 μl O2 per 100 mg at 25C. These were represented by regression lines of slope 0.95 and 0.91 respectively.
Studies on the spatial heterogeneity of shallow water benthos with particular reference to the Chironomidae
Authors: Paterson C. G. , Fernando C. H.
Published: August 2008

The examination of numbers of 6-in. Ekman grab samples from areas of 2 m2 or less in a variety of shallow lentic habitats revealed heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of most species of macrobenthos in each habitat. Chironomus abortivus Malloch, Glyptotendipes barbipes (Staeger), Procladius freemani Sublette, and the Oligochaeta were invariably aggregated when their population densities were adequate to determine a distributional pattern. The Chironomidae, considered as a group, also displayed an aggregated distribution in all habitats. Other benthic species had distributional patterns that varied from random to highly aggregated in the different habitats. No evidence was found that any species are normally randomly distributed. Analyses of mean crowding of the common species in each habitat suggest that the species often respond independently to microenvironmental variations. The factors which produce well-defined aggregations of one species may be neutral, or they may have the opposite effect on the distribution of other species. Experimental examination of the possible occurrence of behavioral mechanisms of aggregation in the two chironomids, Chironomus attenuatus Walker and Glyptotendipes barbipes, revealed that they lend to aggregate at low population densities (≈ 1/10 cm2) but are randomly distributed in a uniform environment when present in higher densities. Because of the aggregated nature of most benthic species four 6-in. Ekman grab samples were usually required to obtain a population estimate of the total fauna, total chironomid fauna, and the dominant species within ± 30% of the mean obtained with a larger number of samples.
Bone diseases and fractures in East African Viverridae
Authors: Taylor M. E.
Published: August 2008

A sample of 308 viverrids was collected between 1966 and 1969. Nine genera and 12 species are represented, including 28 Genetta genetta, 80 Genetta tigrina, 97 Herpestes sanguineus, and 68 Ichneumia albicauda. Complete skeletons were prepared and catalogued. Many of the bones were found to have been fractured or diseased and further examination showed that about 15% of the animals had some skeletal pathology. The diseased and fractured bones are described. The effect of predation or lack of it on the family is discussed and the use of the study as an aid to behavioral studies mentioned.
Iodide and thyroxine metabolism in the brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill), during sustained exercise
Authors: Higgs D. A. , Eales J. G.
Published: August 2008

Iodide and thyroxine metabolism were followed in exercised and non-exercised starved trout.Radioiodide (125I) parameters suggested a slight increase in thyroid activity (% dose in thyroid, thyroid/serum ratio (T/S), and conversion ratio (CR)) and an increase in extrathyroidal 125I excretion resulting from exercise.The generally high and variable serum 127I levels increased up to 496 μg% during the experiments, being consistently higher in exercised fish. Individual variations in serum 127I were related in many instances to radioiodide parameters (I125I, T/S, CR) and to a limited extent to % thyroid. This demonstrates the uncertainty of radioiodide measurements when the specific activity of circulating 125I changes and the need for assessing 127I levels in radioiodide studies.Tissue uptake of radioactivity and serum loss of protein-bound radioactivity following radiothyroxine intraperitoneal injection, as well as serum stable thyronine levels, suggested both increased biliary loss of thyroid hormones and a higher thyroid hormone secretion rate as the result of exercise.
Nosema juli n. sp., a microsporidian parasite in the millipede Diploiulus londinensis caeruleocinctus (Wood) (Diplopoda: Julidae)
Authors: Wilson Gary G.
Published: August 2008

The morphology and life stages of a new species of Microsporidia, Nosema juli, in the millipede, Diploiulus londinensis caeruleocinctus (Wood), are described. The initial site of infection appears to be in the fat body, with subsequent development in muscles and connective tissues. Some pathological characteristics and taxonomic considerations are indicated. This is believed to be the first report of a microsporidian infecting an arthropod in the class Diplopoda.
Monogenetic trematodes from the Bay of Quinte area, Ontario. II. Genus Gyrodactylus Nordmann, 1832
Authors: Hanek George , Fernando C. H.
Published: August 2008

Five species of the subgenus Gyrodactylus (Mesonephrotus) Malmberg, 1964, namely G. stunkardi Kritsky and Mizelle, 1968, G. freemani n. sp., G. prolongis Hargis, 1955, G. atratuli Putz and Hoffman, 1963, G. avalonia Hanek and Threlfall, 1969, and seven species of the subgenus Gyrodactylus (Metanephrotus) Malmberg, 1964, namely Gyrodactylus etheostomae Wellborn and Rogers, 1967, G. eucaliae Ikezaki and Hoffman, 1957, G. macrochiri Hoffman and Putz, 1964, G. goerani n. sp., G. limi Wood and Mizelle, 1957, G. nebulosus Kritsky and Mizelle, 1968, and G. dechtiari n. sp., are described and figured from the fishes of the Bay of Quinte region, Ontario.
The salivary glands of Aedes aegypti (L.): an electron microscope study
Authors: Janzen H. G. , Wright K. A.
Published: August 2008

Salivary glands of female Aedes aegypti are made up basically of two lateral lobes consisting of proximal, intermediate, and distal portions, and a median lobe consisting of intermediate and distal portions. Branches occur in the lateral lobes and to a lesser extent in the median lobe, resulting in varying degrees of duplication of these portions. Each portion is composed of a distinctive cell type. The proximal and distal portion of the lateral lobe and the distal portion of the median lobe are glandular in function. Non-glandular intermediate portions of the lateral and median lobes have membrane developments similar to tissues functioning in water transport and thus may hydrate the dense secretory material of the distal portions of the salivary gland by the active secretion of water.
The postembryonic development of the indirect flight muscles in Cenocorixa bifida (Hung.) (Hemiptera: Corixidae)
Authors: Scudder G. G. E.
Published: August 2008

The postembryonic development of the mesothoracic indirect flight muscles of Cenocorixa bifida is described and compared with the corresponding development in a terrestrial hemipteran, Oncopeltus fasciatus. The early development in the first four larval instars in the two insects is very similar, since the dorsolongitudinal muscles of the first instar disappear, and are replaced in later instars by new muscles that function in the adult.C. bifida emerges as an adult with the indirect flight muscles in a juvenile condition, this being the result of a developmental arrest that takes place within a few hours of the adult molt. The non-flying form of this corixid is shown to have muscles with juvenile characteristics, and it is concluded that this form represents a permanent retention of the teneral adult muscle condition. The muscle structure of the non-flying morph is not the result of degeneration of the indirect flight musculature in the adult.By comparison with other developmental systems, it is suggested that the developmental arrest in C. bifida results from a lack of mRNA. It is suggested that the arrest is hormone regulated.The non-flying morph of C. bifida is compared with the non-flying forms of other aquatic Heteroptera, and reference is made to the tracheoparenchymatous organ that has been described in these species.
Winter habits of the cunner, Tautogolabrus adspersus (Walbaum 1792), in Newfoundland
Authors: Green John M. , Farwell Morley
Published: August 2008

Cunners along the southern and eastern coasts of Newfoundland are found by SCUBA diving operations to be torpid under rocks in shallow water when winter temperatures fall below 5 °C, and this observation is supported by laboratory observations.
Ectoparasites from three species of Spermophilus (Rodentia: Sciuridae) in Alberta
Authors: Hilton Donald F. J. , Mahrt Jerome L.
Published: August 2008

Total populations of ectoparasites were obtained from 9 Spermophilus columbianus, 3 S. franklinti, and 63 S. richardsonii ground squirrels. These ectoparasites included 2 species of lice, 7 species of fleas, 1 species of tick, and 11 species of mites (only 2 of which are ground squirrel parasites). Comparisons were made for S. richardsonii to determine if ground squirrel age or sex had any effect upon burdens of lice and fleas. A list of free-living mites collected from these three species of Spermophilus is given together with a discussion of their association with ground squirrels.
Seasonal changes in the extrathyroidal distribution of iodide in the teleost fish the burbot,Lota lotaL.
Authors: Wiggs Alfred J.
Published: August 2008

The distribution of radioactivity in tissues of adult burbot weighing 1 to 3 kg was determined by measuring the T/S ratio (tissue radioactivity/serum radioactivity) at intervals after the injection of radioiodide. In one instance the skin which comprises 12% of body weight of the burbot showed a T/S ratio of 29.3 and accounted for up to 27% of the injected dose of radioiodide. By comparison, in another study, the thyroid showed a T/S ratio of 5.2, representing 2.2% of the injected dose at 9.5C. The radioactivity (T/S ratio) in the skin increased until 30 h after injection and then declined.Non-radioactive iodide values of skin and serum were determined on a natural population over the course of a year. Values for skin iodide ranged from 227 μg/100 g to 816 μg/100 g while serum iodide values ranged from 7 μg/100 ml to 30 μg/100 ml. These values also indicate the magnitude of seasonal variation, which, in the case of serum iodide concentration, parallels the seasonal changes in lake temperature.
Structural features of the tarsal claw muscles of the spider Eurypelma marxi Simon
Authors: Sherman R. G. , Luff A. R.
Published: August 2008

Structural features of the two tarsal claw muscles (levator pretarsi and depressor pretarsi) of the tarantula spider Eurypelma marxi Simon were studied using both the light and electron microscopes. The principal purpose of the study was to determine if these arachnid skeletal muscles differ in any of their structural features. Although the fibers in the two claw muscles are qualitatively similar, they differ quantitatively in several important respects. In comparison with the levator muscle, fibers in the depressor are larger, fewer in number, have longer A bands and sarcomeres, and larger myofibril bundles. They also appear to have more dyads per sarcomere and a greater number of nerve endings per synaptic region. In general, both muscles are similar in structure to other arthropod skeletal muscles.
Thyroid function and dermal purines in the brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill)
Authors: Chua Dixie , Eales J. G.
Published: August 2008

Both TSH and thyroid powder significantly increased skin guanine and hypoxanthine levels over a 5-week period at 15 °C. TSH was more effective than thyroid powder.Injected thyroxine as low as 0.05 μg/g body weight per 2 days and ambient thiourea as low as 0.0001% inhibited thyroid function over 3 weeks at 10 °C. This thyroxine treatment did not significantly increase skin purine levels, but thiourea as low as 0.01% significantly decreased skin hypoxanthine and total purinelevels.
The embryology of Lytta viridana LeConte (Coleoptera: Meloidae). VI. The appendiculate, 72-h embryo
Authors: Church N. S. , Rempel J. G.
Published: August 2008

The embryology of L. viridana is continued to the 72-h stage, when a little over one-quarter of the embryonic period has elapsed. The origin of the segmental appendages, further development of the coelomic sacs and enteron rudiments, formation of the nerve ganglia, appearance of tracheal invaginations, migration of the germ cells, and secretion of the serosal cuticle are described. The embryonic origin of the labrum is preoral and preantennal, that of the antennae and deutocerebrum paraoral. The tritocerebrum is formed in a well-defined intercalary segment. The ventral musculature of the stomodaeum arises from intercalary mesoderm, the dorsal and lateral musculature from labral mesoderm. The outer sheaths of the Malpighian tubules are formed from mesoderm of the 10th abdominal segment, the musculature of the proctodaeum from the 11th segment. The pleuropodia differentiate rapidly and begin secreting. The germ cell rudiment subdivides into three to six pairs of germ cell clusters, which become arranged segmentally.
The embryology of Lytta viridana Le Conte (Coleoptera: Meloidae). VII. Eighty-eight to 132 h: the appendages, the cephalic apodemes, and head segmentation
Authors: Rempel J. G. , Church N. S.
Published: August 2008

This study deals with segmentation and the segmental appendages in Lytta viridana from 88 to 132 h. The emphasis is on head segmentation. The first part of the paper describes the development of the appendages at 88, 120, and 132 h. The main changes involve the rotation of the mandibles through 120° in a posteromedian direction, which begins shortly before 88 h and is complete at 132 h, the fusion of the labial appendages at 120 h, and the movement of the labium forward in front of the maxillae at 132 h. Blastokinesis, which in this species is limited to the formation of a prominent secondary dorsal organ, occurs at 120 h. The second part describes the cephalic apodemes and tentorium at 88, 120, and 132 h. Cephalic apodemes appear in the labral, antennal, intercalary, mandibular, maxillary, and labial segments. Since the labrum arises from two appendage-like rudiments, possesses mesoderm that arises in situ and is provided with coelomic sacs, and has a pair of apodemes, it is considered to be appendicular. Hence the head is believed to consist of an acron and six metameres.