bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategi Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Keuangan untuk Meningkatkan Akses dan Kualitas Pendidikan di Daerah 3T: Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Fardila Anisah , Khalifah Hamidatul , Diaz Restarie Maya , Rosyidi Unifah , Takdir Muh.
Published: December 2024

This study aims to analyze financial resource management strategies in order to improve access and quality of education in the Frontier, Outermost, and Disadvantaged (3T) regions in Indonesia. The 3T region faces various challenges, such as limited infrastructure, shortage of educators, and limited access to learning facilities. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method. Data were obtained through in-depth studies and analysis of policy documents related to the education budget. The results of the discussion indicate that effective financial resource management can improve access and quality of education in the 3T region. The implementation of this strategy can reduce the gap in access and improve the quality of learning. This study recommends strengthening collaboration between the central and regional governments and non-governmental organizations to ensure effective and sustainable financial management in the 3T region. Optimal financial resource management in the 3T region is expected to achieve greater access to education and better quality education.
Effect of different stabilizers on the physiochemical and sensory characteristics of Sea buckthorn berry, Ready-to-serve (RTS) beverage
Authors: Kumari Sweety , Sharma Sujata Pandit
Published: December 2024

In the process of product development of Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) Ready-To-Serve (RTS) beverages, it is commonly observed that sedimentation occurs prior to the pasteurization process and after pasteurization, that seems to be flocks formation. The present reSearch aimed to determine how stabilisers and concentration affect Sea buckthorn RTS's turbidity, viscosity, and physical stability during storage. The utilisation of three stabilisers, namely Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) ,(GG) Guar Gum, and (XG) Xanthan Gum with various concentrations of were done on the basis of  concentrations of CMC ranged from 0.35% to 0.47% , GG ranged from 0.05% to 0.2%, and concentrations of XG ranged from 0.1% to 0.56%.  All  used concentrations of stabilizers  were within permissible limits as per Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) . Six key parameters were examined for stability: sedimentation, gel formation, turbidity, viscosity, physical stability, and sensory/organoleptic during storage period started 0 day to 24 days,  room temperature. The present study revealed that Xanthan gum emerged as the most suitable stabiliser for Sea buckthorn RTS beverages compared to guar gum and carboxymethyl cellulose. A notable disparity was noted in the concentrations of stabilizers across varying concentrations. The utilization of a stabilizer did not yield any significant impact on the sensory parameters. Furthermore, total soluble solids (TSS), and pH had also been changed during storage. The addition of a 0.55% concentration of XG as a stabilizer to Cloudy Sea buckthorn juice resulted in the highest acceptance rating among the panellists, averaging at 7.81± 1.49 points. This formulation exhibited no precipitation in the RTS product under room-temperature storage.
Exploring the various orders of edible insects in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as a safe and sustainable food alternative: A comprehensive review
Authors: Sharawi Somia Eissa
Published: December 2024

The global population is predicted to reach 9.3 billion by 2050, increasing food production substantially and posing significant food security risks, particularly for low-income countries. The widening food security gap necessitates innovative, sustainable solutions. In response, promoting edible insects as a viable food source gained momentum, addressing malnutrition and food insecurity. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, one of the world's largest countries, has many edible insects. As a result of its unique challenges, Saudi Arabia explores insects as a vital source for enhancing food security, such as Crickets, Mealworms, Black Soldier Flies, Buffalo's, Grasshoppers, Ants, Silkworms, and Cicadas. The Kingdom's commitment to Vision 2030, focusing on sustainable development, underscores the importance of incorporating insects into agricultural processes and food manufacturing. Despite the promising nutritional benefits, challenges such as potential toxicity, pesticide residues, heavy metals, and allergic reactions require careful consideration. Collaborative efforts involving the public and private sectors, universities, and large-scale breeding laboratories are essential to realize the full potential of edible insects. This review article delves into the nutritional value of edible insect orders found in the Kingdom, examining protein, lipid, carbohydrate, nucleic acid, mineral, and vitamin content. The review emphasizes the need for extensive research to understand the nutritional composition of diverse insect species in Saudi Arabia.
Optimizing soybean (Glycine max (L.) (PS 1347) seed protein accumulation under lead stress through mycorrhizal fungi mediation
Authors: Amit  , Ghosh Sandeep , Kumar Sushil , Kumar Yogesh
Published: December 2024

Lead is among the most toxic and harmful heavy metals to living things, including plants. It is absorbed through roots from soil and causes several detrimental impacts on plant functioning. The present study aimed to elucidate the ameliorative effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on soybean (Glycine max (L.) variety PS 1347) under lead (Pb) stress by investigating growth parameters, yield attributes, and seed protein characteristics. Following established legume Pb tolerance thresholds and soil Pb limits, Pb (as Pb(NO3)2) was introduced into soil-filled polybags at three concentrations: 200, 500, and 700 mg/kg of soil. In addition to inoculating polybags with AM fungi Glomus mosseae and G. fasciculatum, both individually and in combination, the fungi were utilized for seed priming Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) powder, 25g/kg of seeds. Without AM fungi, Pb stress negatively impacted all growth parameters, yield metrics, and seed protein characteristics. At 200 and 500 mg Pb concentrations, individual Glomus species exhibited greater effectiveness in enhancing plant growth and yield attributes and mitigating Pb effects, while dual Glomus species treatment was more effective in improving the soybean growth characteristics with higher Pb concentration (700 mg). The analysis also showed that Pb toxicity in soybean plants decreased seed protein content to 7 %, which was restored by applications of Glomus treatments. Thus, given their pivotal role in optimizing soybean seed protein quantity and quality, these two AM fungal species are recommended for application to enhance plant performance in Pb-affected soil.
Enhancing drought resilience in maize hybrid COH (M) 8: Unravelling the role of polyamines in field performance
Authors: Manavalagan Nivethitha , Velusamy Manonmani , Shanmugam Kavitha , Arumugam Thangahemavathy , Nedunchezhiyan Vinothini , Singaram Ambika
Published: December 2024

Polyamines, namely spermidine and spermine, are essential organic compounds that hold significant importance in the growth and development of plants. Their beneficial effects in crops include enhancing stress tolerance, facilitating better nutrient uptake, and regulating various physiological processes. Considering these attributes, a study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of polyamines as seed priming agents and foliar spray treatments on the growth and seed yield of hybrid maize COH(M) 8. The research was conducted in field conditions from 2022 to 2023. Various polyamine seed priming treatments (T0 -  control, T1, Hydropriming, T2 – Spermine 50 ppm, T3 – Spermine 75 ppm, T4 – Spermidine 50 ppm, T5 – Spermidine 75 ppm, T6 – spermine 50 ppm + Foliar Spray, T7 – Spermine 75 + Foliar Spray  were employed, each lasting for 12 hours. The seed priming solutions were prepared at a 1:1 volume/volume ratio with concentrations of spermine at 50 and 75 ppm, spermidine at 50 and 75 ppm, and a combination of both spermine and spermidine. Hydro priming was included as another treatment, and there was also an untreated control group. Furthermore, all treatments were supplemented with a foliar spray application at a concentration of 10 ppm on the 50th and 65th days after sowing (DAS). The outcome indicated that among the various polyamines tested, the combination of spermine seed priming at 50 ppm (T2) and spermine foliar spray (T6) significantly improved multiple growth parameters and yield under drought stress. Notably, this treatment maximized plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll content, cob length, seed yield per plot, and seed yield per hectare.
A comparative study on lethal concentration (LC50) of urea and diammonium phosphate to earthworms, Eisenia fetida
Authors: Passi Mamta , Shukla Vineeta
Published: December 2024

In managed agro-ecosystems, urea and diammonium phosphate (DAP) are widely used artificially synthesized fertilizers for crops as nitrogenous supplements. Overdose of chemical fertilizer poses a threat to various soil-dwelling microorganisms and earthworms, too. The present study aimed to determine the detrimental effect of nitrogen supplements (urea and diammonium phosphate) on earthworms (Eisenia fetida). To calculate LC50 for urea and DAP, the experimental set-up was maintained as per the recommendations of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines number 207 for testing the chemicals. Ten adult gut-cleaned earthworms were inoculated in artificial soil mixed with testing chemicals. Five sets of replica with each test chemical in different concentrations were used for 14 days for better estimation of mortality. Mortality was the endpoint. Median lethal concentration (LC50) of urea and DAP was calculated through Finney Probit regression analysis. At 300 mg/kg concentration of urea, earthworms had no mortality and at 1000 mg/kg there was ≤50% mortality. The LC50 value for urea was 862.126 mg urea per kg of the soil at 95% confidence interval and at 500 mg/kg concentration of DAP, there was no mortality of earthworms; at 2400 mg/kg, there was ≤50% mortality. The LC50 value for DAP was 2098.69 mg DAP per kg of the soil at 95% confidence interval. Comprehending the LC50 value is crucial when determining an appropriate application rate of chemical fertilizers in an agricultural setting to avoid damaging earthworm populations, which are vital to the soil's fertility and overall health. More specifically, the diversity and population of earthworms indicate the health of the soil and evolve into a cost-effective component of the agro-managed ecosystem.
Sustainable agronomic practices to increase climate resilience in rice-based cropping system: A review
Authors: Bera Bidyabhusan , Bokado Kangujam , Barkha
Published: December 2024

Climate-resilient farming represents a sustainable strategy for transposing and redirecting agricultural methodology to uphold food safety in the context of the evolving challenges of climatic variability acquired through various adaptation and mitigation strategies. The consequences of climate change have an enormous effect on agricultural operations due to their responsiveness to fluctuations in multiple factors, including temperature, rainfall, natural phenomena, and calamities such as floods and droughts. On average, these extreme weather patterns have the potential to influence agricultural earnings. Furthermore, rice-based production systems also significantly contribute to climatic change by increasing greenhouse gas emissions significantly. The mitigation of challenges can be achieved by augmenting farmers' adaptability while enhancing the flexibility and efficiency of resource utilization in agricultural systems. Several agricultural practices such as integrated nutrient management, integrated weed management, direct seeded rice, System of rice intensification, conservation practices, bed planting, crop residue management, etc. adaptation in agricultural production systems are beneficial approaches to mitigate climatic variability and sustain long-term ecosystems. The review will help build up small-holding farming communities' capability to get the maximum possible yield with current climatic variability.
Efficacy of insecticides spinosad and imidacloprid as baiting stations to control termite Microcerotermes diversus (Silvestri) (Isoptera: Termitidae)
Authors: Hassan Zaid Naji , Mzhr Nassreen N.  , Shafeeq Maan Abdul Azeez
Published: December 2024

The control of termite infestations, particularly Microcerotermes diversus, poses substantial challenges in agricultural settings, such as olive orchards, necessitating effective pest management strategies. This study investigates the efficacy of two insecticides, imidacloprid, and spinosad, at varying concentrations for controlling termite infestations in an olive orchard in Baghdad. The experiment utilized bait stations consisting of plastic containers buried within the soil of infested olive trees. Each bait station contained palm frond bundles treated with either imidacloprid (200, 400, 600 ppm) or spinosad (200, 400, 600 ppm) and the control group with no treatment. Palms were previously dried and placed in the bait stations, then inspected bi-monthly for termite infestation and weight loss over six months. After one month, the treatment with 200 ppm imidacloprid produced a 75% infection rate, with 3120 worker termites and a 55% reduction in palm frond weight. By six months, the infestation rates for imidacloprid and spinosad 600 ppm decreased to 0%, corresponding to 40% and 38% weight losses. The control group had 100% infestation and a peak of 5820 workers. Spinosad at 600 ppm proved most effective, achieving a total reduction in infestation by month four, demonstrating a significant difference in efficacy between the insecticides. The findings highlight the effectiveness of using bait stations with imidacloprid and spinosad to manage termite populations, providing a crucial method for safeguarding crops against severe pest threats. This study contributes valuable data on optimal pesticide application for sustainable agricultural practices.
Effect of aromatic plants on the pork’s, beef’s, and sheep’s fats quality
Authors: Boukour Sara , Felloul Zakaria , Zantar Said , Cherroud Sanâa , El Galiou Ouiam , El Mzibri Mohammed , Arakrak Abdelhay , BAKKALI Mohammed , Laglaoui Amin
Published: December 2024

Foods rich in lipids, particularly meat and subcutaneous fat, are important macronutrient sources that can influence food quality and health. Lipids can unexpectedly oxidize due to several variables, including processing, storage conditions, and microbial deterioration. Antioxidants are one of the many methods employed to reduce lipid oxidation. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effect of nine aromatic plants (oregano (Origanum vulgare), thymus (Thymus vulgaris), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), nutmeg (Myristica fragrans), coriander seed (Coriandrum sativum), fennel seed (Foeniculum vulgare), rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus), basil (Ocimum basilicum), and mint (Mentha spicata)) on pork, beef, and sheep fats during a maturation and storage process lasting 210 days. The animals’ fats lipolytic quality was monitored by analyzing the acidity index and degree, peroxidation and TBA index, and total fatty acid composition. The findings revealed that nutmeg, thymus, and rosemary protected against studied fats hydrolysis by showing minimum values of 27.7 mg, 32.5 mg, and 28.6 mg of KOH/g of fat, respectively. Despite hydrolysis, three plants, nutmeg, oregano, and coriander seed, had a substantial preventive effect against fat oxidation. Supplementation fats with these three aromatic plants had the lowest peroxidation and TBA indexes with values of 0.368 mg, 0.422 mg, and 0.806 mg of MDA/kg of fat, respectively. This was also represented in the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Adding aromatic plants had a significant effect on animals’ fat quality. They reduced fat hydrolysis, protected fat against oxidation, and improved fat’s total fatty acid composition, nutritional and health quality.
Impact of drip irrigation and tailored fertigation levels at various stages of crop growth on the yield and nutrient uptake of high-density sweet corn (Zeamaysvar. Saccharata Sturt)
Authors: Lavanya N. , Laxminarayana P. , Devi K. B. Suneetha , Jayasree G. , Prayaga Lakshmi
Published: December 2024

Sweet corn (Zeamaysvar. saccharatasturt) is a high-value crop with rising demand. Efficient irrigation and fertigation management play a vital role in improving crop yield and quality. A study was conducted during the summers of 2020 and 2021 to evaluate the effects of drip irrigation and fertigation levels on the nutrient uptake and yield of high-density sweet corn grown in sandy clay loam soil under semi-arid conditions. The experiment used a factorial randomized block design with three replications and twelve treatment combinations, varying drip irrigation across three levels (0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 Epan) and fertigation across four levels: 100% recommended dose of nitrogen and potassium (RDNK) applied based on differential dosage (F1), 100% RDNK based on the crop coefficient curve (F2), 125% RDNK with differential dosage (F3), and 125% RDNK based on the crop coefficient curve (F4).Results showed that irrigation at 1.0 Epan (I3) achieved the highest cob yield (12,870 kg ha-¹  in 2020 and 12,337 kg ha-¹  in 2021), fodder yield (36,409 kg ha-¹  in 2020 and 35,044 kg ha⁻¹ in 2021), nutrient uptake, and crude protein content. Among fertigation treatments, F4 (125% RDNK based on crop coefficient curve) recorded the highest cob yield (12,349 kg ha-¹  in 2020 and 11,769 kg ha-¹ in 2021), nutrient uptake, and protein content.The study concluded that using 1.0 Epan irrigation combined with fertigation based on the crop coefficient curve (F4) is the most effective strategy, promoting nutrient uptake and maximizing sweet corn yield.
Molecular identification of CdtB and TviA virulence genes of Salmonella typhi isolated from cholelithiasis patients in Erbil City, Iraq
Authors: Mustafa Amer Hameed , Raad Alaa Zanzal
Published: December 2024

Gallstone disease (GSD), particularly cholecystitis accompanied by gallstones, is a prevalent global health concern with significant morbidity and mortality rates. Typhoid fever is a public health issue in low- and middle-income countries. The severity of the pathogenesis depends on Salmonella’s possession of several virulence factors encoded on Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPIs). This study aimed to isolate and identify Salmonella typhi, the causative agent of typhoid fever, in clinical samples from cholelithiasis patients in Erbil City, Iraq. A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2023 to March 2024, involving 125 patients diagnosed with gallbladder disease. Gallstone, bile, and gallbladder tissue samples were collected and analyzed for bacterial growth. Biochemical and cultural studies confirmed antibiotic susceptibility and Vitek2 system identification. The present study used a traditional PCR assay to detect Salmonella typhi pathogenicity genes. This study found the virulence genes CtdB and TviA using specific primers. Out of 125 samples, 101 (80.8%) showed bacterial growth, with 8 (6.4%) positive for S. typhi and 93 (74.4%) positive for other bacterial species. Gallstones had the highest proportion of S. typhi isolation 5 (4%). Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed significant resistance to commonly used antibiotics like ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. However, the strains demonstrated better susceptibility to various antibiotics. The molecular result showed the virulence genes, including CtdB and TviA, were detected in all (100%) isolated strains. S. typhi's virulence characteristics significantly contributed to gallbladder infections and multidrug-resistant strains (MDR).
Anti-nephrotoxicity effect of bee and wasp venoms on rheumatoid arthritis-induced male albino rats (Rattus rattus)
Authors: Mahdi Rasha Kadhim , Hadi Maysaa Adil , Al-Hassnawi Alaa Tareq Shakir , Abbas Eman Fadhel
Published: December 2024

Due to its beneficial benefits on diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, Hymenoptera venom acupuncture therapy is an alternative therapy for patients with various chronic diseases all over the world. The present study aimed to examine the modulatory effects of wasp venom (WV) and bee venom (BV) in the histological changes of the kidney caused by rheumatoid arthritis in male albino rats (Rattus rattus). The dose of 40 μg/Kg body weight of lyophilized bee and wasp venoms was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) every day for 4 weeks. The rats were randomly divided into six groups: placebo administered DW; positive control only Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) injected into the right hind paw; treatment groups treated with WV or BV injected with 100µl of CFA in the right hind paw with WV or BV (i.p.) which subdivided into subgroups: 2 subgroups treated with venom (WV or BV) i.p. for 4 weeks along with CFA, and another two subgroups treated after five days from CFA injection for 4 weeks. The rats were sacrificed and the kidneys were taken out and processed for histological study. In the positive control group, many histopathological alterations were observed, such as degenerative changes in both glomeruli and renal tubule, congestion, and inflammatory cells in the kidney. Sections of the kidney from the BV-treated group showed normal glomerulus and tubules in most sections with reducing degenerative alterations and congestion. In conclusion, the BV was more effective in reducing nephrotoxicity induced by CFA than WV, which had less efficiency in reducing degenerative changes.
Anti-inflammatory property of hydrogen-rich Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino distillate
Authors: Kim Min Young
Published: December 2024

Hydrogen-rich Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino distillate (HRGD) is produced by distilling G. pentaphyllum Makino, with the addition of hydrogen gas. This study sought to explore the pharmacological and biological impacts of HRGD on the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators in macrophages. The cells were treated with various concentrations of HRGD (2, 4 and 8 μg/mL) in the absence or presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 μg/mL) for 24 h. The results indicated that HRGD is an effective inhibitor of LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO•) production in RAW 264.7 cells: The NO• concentration was reduced dramatically after treatment with 8 μg/m98L HRGD (11.8 μM) compared to the LPS-induced group (28.4 μM). These inhibitory effects of HRGD included a dose-dependent decrease in the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) proteins. To evaluate the inhibitory effects of HRGD on other cytokines, we also measured cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level in the cell supernatants of LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In this assay, HRGD significantly decreased the expression of TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). The study also performed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on macrophages. HRGD did not display any cytotoxicity in this assay. The findings demonstrated that HRGD could modulate macrophage-mediated inflammatory functions such as the overproduction of cytokines, NO• and PGE2 without any cytotoxic.
A study on the impact of wastewater on the quality water quality from certain wells in the Oued Amlil region of the Taza province, Morocco
Authors: Fiouz Abderrahim , Chakiri Said , Hezzat Mounir El , Zarrouk Abdelkader , Chibani Abdelkader , Chahboun N.
Published: December 2024

Olive mill wastewater, a byproduct of olive oil production, poses a major environmental challenge for Mediterranean countries like Morocco. These residues are rich in polyphenols with notable antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to investigate the impact of anthropogenic factors on the quality of certain wells in the Oued Amlil region of the Taza province, Morocco. It was carried out during two distinct periods by sampling water from six wells: P1, P2, P3, P4, P5 and P6. The first period occurred during the winter season of December 2022, when olive crushing operations for oil production were at their peak. The second period took place in the summer (August 2022), when the activities of the oil mills were stopped. The objective is to assess microbiological quality by determining the microbial load in total germs at 37°C (TG), Fecal Coliforms (FC), Total Coliforms (TC), and Fecal Streptococci (FS), as well as performing a polyphenol assay. The analysis results showed high concentrations of TG (Maximum value = 3100/100ml), FC (Maximum value = 910/100ml), TC (Maximum value = 7120/100ml), and FS (Maximum value = 7000/100ml) in wells P1, P2, and P5, although they are not located on the flow path of groundwater contaminated by the Innaouene River and the local olive oil mills. However, despite their location along this axis, wells P3, P4, and P6 show lower contamination levels. In order to identify similarities between different water sources and/or different points of contamination acquisition, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to the collected data and  showed a significant negative correlation between polyphenols and bacteriological parameters, confirming the hypothesis of polyphenols' bactericidal effect on fecal bacteria. In addition, the degree of contamination varies from one well to another depending on their location with the direction of flow of water in the groundwater and the proximity of sources of pollution
Extraction and evaluation of thyme oil and detection of its heredity effect on the fungus Aspergillus amstelodami
Authors: Al-rawi Jehaan Mowafak , AL-Saffar Raed salem
Published: December 2024

Thymus vulgaris is considered one of the herbal plants rich in active compounds that have attracted the attention of many scientists and researchers. However, the genetic safety of these compounds must be investigated, as food safety is one of the topics that has recently topped the field of scientific research.The study objectives included obtaining Thyme Essential Oil (TEO) by hydrodistillation extraction , and then analysing by Gas Chromatography  technic (GC), all tests were done on the A1 (Wa1) strain of Aspergillus amstelodami . Thyme was  collected from local nurseries . The mutagenic effect of four sub-lethal concentrations (0.01 -0.016 – 0.02 – 0.05 ) ml/ml of thyme oil was evaluated by using mutagenesis methods. The results showed that the highest phenolic compounds in (TEO) were Thymol and Carvacrol , with a percentage of 58.89% and 4.11%, respectively. The study also included investigating the ability of  thyme oil to cause genetic effects on eukaryotic cells by testing the ability of this oil to induce genetic mutations in the conidia of fungus  A. amstelodami by using the mutagenesis methods of pretreatment, plate incorporation and growth-mediated, as the study did not record the presence of any mutagenic effect for the four  sub-toxic concentrations (Sub lethal) (0.01 -0.016 – 0.02 – 0.05 ) ml/ml of thyme oil, this confirms its safety genetically and can be used as a herbal food and medicinal plant.
A case study on terracing and mulching in Namangan region hills located in Uzbekistan
Authors: Koriyev Mirzohid , Rahimov Abror , Toshmirzaeva Gavharkhon , Umurzakova Umida , Juraev Zuhriddin
Published: December 2024

Soil erosion and fertility decline pose a significant challenge to sustainable agriculture in the hilly regions of Namangan in Uzbekistan (Central Asia). This study investigates the long-term effects of terracing and mulching on soil fertility and stability from 2013 to 2023. Terracing involves converting steep slopes into stepped fields to reduce runoff, while mulching involves applying organic or inorganic materials to retain moisture and improve nutrient availability. Soil samples were taken annually from two depths (0–30 cm and 31–50 cm) and analysed for key fertility indicators. The results show a significant increase in the humus content in the 0–30 cm layer, which rose from 0.3 % in the untreated areas to 1.0 % with mulch and terracing. The phosphorus content increased significantly, reaching 83.7 mg/kg in the terraced and mulched soils, compared to 11.2 mg/kg in the untreated soils. The potassium content also improved: the treated soils contained 260 mg/kg compared to 94 mg/kg in the untreated plots. These results underline the effectiveness of terracing and mulching in improving soil health and stability through better nutrient retention and reduced erosion. The study underscores the potential of these sustainable practices to promote long-term agricultural productivity in erosion-prone regions.
Chlorantraniliprole ve flubendiamide’in Asphondylia gennadii (Marchal) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)’ye karşı biyolojik etkinliği ile Orius laevigatus ve Amblyseius swirskii’ye karşı yan etkilerinin belirlenmesi
Authors: Kirisik Musa
Published: December 2024

Akdeniz Bölgesi'nde son yıllarda biber tarımında önemli ekonomik kayıplara yol açan zararlılardan birisi biber gal sineği Asphondylia gennadii (Marchal) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)’dir. Bu çalışmada, zararlının yoğun olarak görüldüğü ve biyolojik mücadele uygulaması yapılan seralarda chlorantraniliprole ve flubendiamide’in zararlıya karşı biyolojik etkinliğini araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca bu iki aktif maddenin Orius laevigatus (Fieber) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) ve Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot (Swirski ve Amitai 1982) (Acari: Phytoseiidae)’ye olan yan etkileri de incelemiştir. Antalya ilinde iki farklı lokasyonda (Kasaba/Kaş ve Dirgenler/Kaş) yürütülen denemelerde, her iki insektisitin de zararlıyı kontrol etmekte etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Flubendiamide, chlorantraniliprole'e kıyasla daha yüksek öldürme oranlarına ulaşmıştır. 14. gün sonunda flubendiamide'in tavsiye dozunda Dirgenler'de %90.3, Kasaba'da %88.7 oranında zararlı kontrolü sağladığı görülmüştür. Chlorantraniliprole ise aynı sürede Dirgenler’de %83.6, Kasaba’da %85.4 oranında zararlı kontrolü sağlamıştır. Faydalı böcekler üzerindeki yan etkiler incelendiğinde, flubendiamide uygulamasında daha az bir popülasyon düşüşünün olduğu, chlorantraniliprole uygulamasında ise daha fazla bir popülasyon düşüşü saptanmıştır. Yarı dozlarda insektisit uygulaması faydalı böcek popülasyonlarında daha az düşüşe yol açmış ve biyolojik mücadele ile daha uyumlu bir yöntem olarak önerilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, Entegre Zararlı Yönetimi stratejileri için kimyasal ve biyolojik mücadele yöntemlerinin entegre edilmesi gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır.
Türkiye için yeni bir avcı tür: Cybocephalus nipponicus Endrödy-Younga (Coleoptera: Cybocephalidae)
Authors: Oğuzoğlu Şükran , Avcı Mustafa , Patlar Gülser
Published: December 2024

Doğal yayılışı Güneydoğu Asya ve Güney Pasifik olan avcı tür Cybocephalus nipponicus Endrödy-Younga’un Türkiye’de varlığı ilk kez tespit edilmiştir. Burdur ili merkezinde yapılan çalışmalarda türün Unaspis euonymi (Comstock) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) ve Marchalina hellenica (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Marchalinidae) ile beslendiği bulunmuştur. Bazı ülkeler tarafından son yıllarda biyolojik mücadele amacıyla değerlendirilen türün Türkiye’de kapsamlı araştırılması faydalı olacaktır.
The impact of daily limited prey density levels on some biological characteristics of Phytoseiulus persimilis Athis-Henriot at various temperature and humidity conditions
Authors: Kazak Cengiz
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to determine the effects of daily limited prey levels on certain biological characteristics of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot at 25, 30, and 27-35 °C, with relative humidity conditions of 75±5% and 90±5%. In the study, four groups of predatory mites were established by providing varying densities of prey items daily. The first group received one egg, one larva, and one adult male of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Red form) each day; the second group received two eggs, two larvae, and two adult males; the third group received three eggs, three larvae, and three adult males; and the fourth group received four eggs, four larvae, and four adult males daily. All Phytoseiulus persimilis larvae successfully progressed to the protonymph stage without feeding at 25 and 30 °C (75% and 90% RH). However, no egg hatching was observed within the variable temperature range of 27-35 °C under both humidity conditions. The longest mean longevity was recorded at the second prey density level at 25 °C (75% RH), with an average duration of 10 days starting from the protonymph stage. The highest mean egg consumption was observed at 30 °C (75% RH) at the fourth prey level, with a mean of 27.4 eggs. In contrast, the highest consumption of larvae and adult males occurred at 25 °C (90% RH), with means of 26.8 larvae and 29 adult males, respectively, at the fourth prey level. At the first prey level, no oviposition occurred under either temperature or humidity condition. Oviposition of P. persimilis generally increased in tandem with the prey density, with a noticeable rise after the second prey level at 25 °C (75% and 90% RH). The highest oviposition rate, with a total of 1.9 eggs over the entire oviposition period, was observed at 25 °C (90% RH) at the fourth prey level.
BACTERIOLOGICAL EVALUATION IN EXPERIMENTAL LANDFILL CELLS: THE CO-DISPOSAL OF HOUSEHOLD SOLID WASTE AND HEALTHCARE SOLID WASTE
Authors: Quintaes Bianca Ramalho , Giovannini Hinojosa Marco André , Lourenço Alessandra Fonseca , Oliveira Leite Analy Machado de , Miguel Marco Antonio Lemos , Ferreira João Alberto , Campos Juacyara
Published: December 2024

This work aimed to study the effects of co-disposal of household solid waste (HHSW) and healthcare solid waste (HCW) on the microbiota of the leachate generated in experimental landfill cells. To this end, three waste containment units were built, differentiated by the percentage of HHSW and HCW: HHSW cell (100% household solid waste), HCW cell (100% healthcare solid waste) and COD cell (cell simulating co-disposal containing 98% HHSW and 2% HCW). Volume, temperature, pH and evaluation of the leachate's microbiota from the cells were monitored over 810 days of confinement. Culture-dependent methods (quantitative analysis of environmental contamination indicators and investigation in enterobacteria and Staphylococcus aureus), antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and inhibitory activity were evaluated for microbiota monitoring. The microbiological characterization of the leachates from the cells showed no statistically significant differences in total coliforms, Escherichia coli, enterococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa densities during the period evaluated. Enterobacteria of medical importance were identified in the leachates from the three cells: E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniaea, Enterobacter sp and Proteus mirabilis. After 810 days of confinement, the leachates showed no antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis. Statistical analysis of antimicrobial resistance patterns revealed significant similarities among the three cells. The results suggest no significant differences in the behavior of experimental landfills containing HHSW and HCW concerning the presence of pathogenic microbiota.
Impact of chemical composition on hot tearing in secondary wrought aluminum alloys
Authors: Giansante Emidio , Timelli Giulio , Fabrizi Alberto
Published: December 2024

Hot tearing represents one of the most detrimental defects in metal castings and it is a key parameter for evaluating alloy castability. Hot tearing in aluminum alloys has gained attention from several research groups over the past century. To date, there are several theories that aim to understand the mechanisms and identify the parameters affecting the formation of hot cracks.
This study aims to evaluate the influence of chemical composition on the hot cracking index of eight commercial wrought alloys of 6xxx series (Al-Mg-Si alloys), produced from recycled scrap. First, a thermodynamic calculation software was used to determine the solidification path of the alloys under non-equilibrium conditions; subsequently, a pure theoretical criterion, the Kou model, was adopted to predict the susceptibility of hot tearing. The results reveal that variations in chemical composition affect the cracking index, and the alloy 6082 shows the higher vulnerability to hot cracking. Furthermore, minimizing the element content yields a minimum value of the hot cracking susceptibility index.
Características epidemiológicas de pacientes con dengue en un departamento de Colombia
Authors: Ruge-Montenegro Juan Felipe , Gamboa-Beltrán María José , Wilches Visbal Jorge Homero
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: Establecer las características epidemiológicas de los pacientes con dengue y su relación con el componente estacional del departamento y eventos de hospitalización, en el departamento del Magdalena (Colombia) durante 2022.
Metodología: Se realizó un estudio analítico de corte transversal sobre los casos de dengue notificados en el departamento del Magdalena durante 2022. Se aplicó la prueba de Kolmogórov-Smirnov para verificar la normalidad, la prueba de U Mann-Whitney para el contraste de hipótesis entre las hospitalizaciones con las variables cuantitativas y la prueba de chi-cuadrado para el contraste con las cualitativas.
Resultados: Durante 2022 se presentaron 1446 casos de dengue en el departamento del Magdalena, el 61,5% de estos se registraron en la Subregión Norte y Santa Marta. La mediana de edad fue de 13 años y 54,8% de los contagiados eran hombres. El 98,6% de los pacientes pertenecían a los estratos 1, 2 y 3. En temporada de lluvias se presentaron el 61,4% de los casos y 63% del total requirió hospitalización. No se encontraron asociaciones estadísticas entre la frecuencia de hospitalización o incidencia con la edad, sexo o la temporada de lluvias (p > 0,05).
Conclusión: Los casos de dengue en el departamento del Magdalena en 2022 prevalecieron en niños y adolescentes de sexo masculino, nacidos en las subregiones Río y Santa Marta y pertenecientes al estrato socioeconómico más bajo. Aunque la mayoría de los casos ocurrieron en temporada de lluvias no se observó un aumento significativo en los eventos de hospitalización.
Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Actitudes hacia los Feminismos y Movimientos Feministas (FWM) en personal sociosanitario de Colombia
Authors: Alvarez Merlano Nicolás
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Despite available scales, and although attitudes toward feminism and feminist movements represent a relevant construct they are not thoroughly studied in Colombia.
Objective: To evaluate the internal consistency and factorial structure of the Feminism and Women’s Movement Scale (FWM) among healthcare workers in Colombia.
Method: Psychometric study which included a non-probabilistic sample of 700 healthcare professionals (63.76% women and 36.24% men) aged between 24 and 76 years. Participants completed the FWM. Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega were calculated to verify internal consistency, suitability of data and the instrument's factorial structure were examined.
Results: The FWM showed borderline internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.70 and McDonald's omega 0.71) and low adjustment indices. In response, a 5-item version (FWM-5) was tested, showing high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha and McDonald’s omega of 0.84) and optimal adjustment indices.
Conclusion: The FWM-5 demonstrated adequate psychometric indicators for assessing healthcare workers' sensitivity to feminist ideas. It is advisable to measure this construct in the general Colombian population and explore additional psychometric indicators.
Sedación con Ketamina intravenosa versus Midazolam oral para pacientes menores de 15 años, con necesidades de atención odontológica especiales. Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Córdoba, Argentina (2023)
Authors: Salomon Ana Carolina , Villalba Alejandra , Kremer German , Gutierrez Lindor
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Disability, pediatric fear, and anxiety present barriers to dental treatment, as well as the need of sedation, with limited anesthesia availability in operating rooms. An interdisciplinary sedation protocol in a dental setting based on international recommendations could help address this issue. Both ketamine and midazolam have shown efficacy and safety in dental procedures.
Objective: To determine the effectiveness of intravenous ketamine versus oral midazolam sedation in interdisciplinary pediatric dental clinic procedures at Principe de Asturias Hospital, Cordoba, Argentina (2023).
Methodology: This was a descriptive, observational, retrospective, cross-sectional epidemiological study. Inclusion criteria: under 15 years old, Frankl definitely negative, ASA 1, and no difficult airway. Sedation protocols included oral Midazolam (M) and intravenous Ketamine (K). Means, standard deviations, frequencies, and percentages were calculated, and comparisons between groups were made using ANOV; Welch’s test, and ANCOVA were used to control covariates.
Results: The study included 71 patients with an average age of 8.1 ± 2.9 years. Mild sedation (M) was used in 57.7% of cases. The main reason for sedation was fear and anxiety. The mean number of procedures per patient was significantly higher with ketamine (2.23 ± 1.35) compared to oral midazolam (1.27 ± 0.74) (p<0.001).
Conclusion: In our study, ketamine, administered under pediatric supervision in an interdisciplinary setting, allowed a greater number of dental procedures per patient compared to oral midazolam.
Cuatro razones para priorizar la calidad en la gestión sanitaria y lograr la cobertura universal
Authors: Gutierrez Ubeda Sergio Ramón
Published: December 2024

Las organizaciones de salud tienen metas de gestión que influencian como estas planifican y usan sus recursos. Dichas metas incluyen calidad, costo, cantidad, entrega, y moral. Estas metas, gestionadas de manera integral y balanceada, contribuyen a la mejora continua y al éxito general de las organizaciones. Sin embargo, este balance no siempre se logra, en especial si no se prioriza la calidad como primera meta organizacional. Este artículo destaca cuatro razones respaldadas por argumentos estratégicos, lógicos, éticos y estadísticos que justifican tal prioridad. La primera razón, es cuestión de ética y equidad que todos los usuarios reciban atención médica de alta calidad. La segunda razón es que, al priorizar la calidad, se contribuye también a lograr otras metas competitivas de la organización. La tercera razón es que, al priorizar la calidad, se optimizan los resultados positivos de la prestación de servicios de salud de alta calidad y se evitan las consecuencias negativas de la baja calidad. La cuarta razón destaca que las organizaciones de salud se caracterizan por una complejidad considerable y alta carga laboral. Priorizar la calidad asegura un uso eficiente de los recursos, manteniendo un alto nivel de servicio a pesar de la complejidad y demanda. Este artículo discutió cuatro razones para justificar la promoción de la calidad como la primera meta de las organizaciones de salud, con la expectativa de que ayude a los tomadores de decisión a defender la decisión de priorizar la calidad por sobre las otras metas.
Development and Testing of Compact Electronic Modules for Detectors Based on SiPM array
Authors: Akbarov Ramil , Nuruyev Sabuhi , Tyutyunnikov Sergey , Kucera Patrik , Holik Michael
Published: December 2024

BackgroundCompact electronic modules are essential for modern detector systems utilizing Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) arrays due to their small size, low power consumption, and high precision. To address the growing demand for portable and efficient detection systems, the development of modules tailored for such applications has become a critical focus. This study introduces compact electronic modules designed for detectors based on MAPD (Microcell Avalanche Photodiode) arrays, aiming to improve reliability and versatility for industrial, medical, and scientific applications.MethodsThe developed modules include two primary components:DC-DC Voltage Converter: Based on the MAX1932ETC chip.Converts a 5 V input to a stable output voltage adjustable between 30 and 90 V.Supports a maximum current of 2.5 mA, ensuring reliable operation for SiPM arrays.Signal Amplification Unit: Utilizes the LTC6268 chip.Processes input signals ranging from 10 to 75 mV.Offers a gain factor of 45, characterized by low noise and high precision.The modules were integrated with a scintillation detector comprising a MAPD-3NM-II photodiode array and an LFs scintillator. Performance testing was conducted using a Cs-137 gamma source.ResultsThe energy resolution of the detector system was evaluated using the 662 keV gamma line from the Cs-137 source. The modules achieved an energy resolution of 10 ± 0.5%, demonstrating high reliability and efficiency. This performance confirms the modules’ capability to maintain stable operation and precise signal processing under real-world conditions.ConclusionsThe developed compact electronic modules provide a cost-effective and efficient solution for detectors utilizing SiPM arrays. Their stable voltage conversion, low-noise signal amplification, and high energy resolution make them suitable for a wide range of applications in industrial, medical, and scientific fields. Future work may focus on optimizing the modules for broader voltage ranges and compatibility with different scintillator materials to expand their applicability.
Real-World Application of Federated Learning for Collaborative Medical Image Classification: A Case Study in Shenzhen's Hospitals and Research Institutions
Authors: Xu Xiaoming , Wu Qianqian , Wen Jing
Published: December 2024

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a transformative approach in healthcare, enabling collaborative training of machine learning models across decentralized institutions without sharing sensitive patient data. This method addresses critical concerns related to data privacy and security, particularly in compliance with regulatory frameworks such as HIPAA and GDPR. The application of FL in medical image classification, exemplified by a case study in Shenzhen, demonstrates its potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy while preserving patient confidentiality. However, challenges remain, including the limited availability of annotated data, issues of data heterogeneity, and scalability concerns. Ethical considerations such as informed consent, data privacy, and accountability are also significant when implementing FL in healthcare settings. Despite these challenges, FL's ability to harness data from multiple sources while protecting privacy opens new avenues for collaborative medical research and the development of more accurate predictive models, ultimately improving patient outcomes.