bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A High Gain, High BW OP AMP with Frequency Compensation Techniques at 65 nm Technology
Authors: Sama Nihar Jouti , Sarma Manash Pratim
Published: August 2021

OP-AMPs finds applications in different domains of electronics engineering including communications. There has been several OP-AMP configurations realized in the last decades for different target applications. But with the evolution of communication standards, to meet the demand for high data rate over the years, requirement for a high frequency and high BW OP-AMP is gaining attention. This makes the design challenge much higher. This paper presents a two-stage CMOS amplifier which uses frequency compensation method to facilitate higher BW. Different parameters like Gain, Gain band width product (GBWP), Phase Margin and Total Power dissipation are considered in this design. A step-by-step procedure for an efficient amplifier design is followed using frequency compensation. We have achieved a gain-bandwidth product (GBWP) of 110 MHz that is capable of driving large capacitive loads. It also achieves 77.7 dB gain with a phase margin of 60o.
A Self Threshold Voltage Compensated Rectifier for RF Energy Harvesting using 45nm CMOS Technology
Authors: Bharali Chinmoy , Sarma Manash Pratim
Published: August 2021

A high frequency rectifier is the core of a RF energy harvesting system. It should offer a very good efficiency at low input power levels and to obtain that compensation of threshold voltage is a very important aspect. A threshold compensation scheme for MOSFETS for RF rectifier applicable in RF energy harvesting system is presented in this paper. The switching of the MOSFET is improved with overall enhancement of output rise time of the system. The design emphasis is to have a simplified circuit without the requirement of any external source so as to achieve self-sustainability in the true sense. The rectifier circuit is derived from the basic Dickson charge pump model and is evaluated using 45nm CMOS process. The design has utilized Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor instead of basic diodes which ensures low power along with fabrication feasibility. The maximum measured PCE of the design is obtained to be 33% at 4dBm input power level at 500Mhz frequency with 1 Kilo Ohm load resistance. The output transient response rise time has been measured to be 85ns at 500MHz and 50.10ns at 1Ghz.
Design of a Linear LNA for 5G Applications using 45 nm Technology
Authors: Hazarika Rashmi , Sharma Manash Pratim
Published: August 2021

A low noise amplifier (LNA) plays a very significant role in communication systems. Despite having a good amplification of the signal it must offer other attributes like noise figure, linearity etc for making the communication system more robust. With the advent of 5G communication, the requirement of a high BW LNA is becoming important. This paper presents the design of a LNA which have a common gate input configuration, an active inductor in place of a passive inductor, common drain amplifier at the output stage and a linearity circuit. Common gate amplifier offers a good voltage amplification while the common drain stage enhances the stability. The active inductor facilitates reduction of the die area paving the way for a cost efficient structure. This proposed design achieves a gain of 15.17dB with substantial enhancement of linearity. A good noise figure of 7dB is obtained while using 11 transistors and eliminating the need of passive inductors. The peak gain is achieved at 3.5GHz
Using assessment data to improve equity: How teachers use insights from the Scottish National Standardised Assessments
Authors: Richardson Sarah , Krstic Sladana
Published: August 2021

Evidence-based decision-making is regarded as an important indicator of quality in schools around the world. Using data gathered from assessments, in conjunction with other insights, can help school leaders and teachers better meet the needs of learners. In schools that cater to disadvantaged learners, using data to design targeted interventions plays an important role in improving equity. In this paper we report on a study with five schools in Scotland. All schools had learner cohorts characterised by multiple layers of disadvantage. Informed by the theoretical underpinnings of sensemaking theory, we investigated how teachers and school leaders used data from the Scottish National Standardised Assessments (SNSA). Our findings suggest that teachers and leaders are adept at combining assessment data with other insights – including their own observations. All schools were active in using data to inform decision-making, both at the whole-school level and at the classroom level. They reported multiple uses of data, from validating their own instincts to targeting support to particular cohorts of learners. We suggest that the way in which SNSA is designed – explicitly providing data to teachers to help inform their professional judgement – is a factor in the positive approach to data usage among these schools.
Making excellent progress in early reading: How can the identification of essential skills and concepts help?
Authors: Ramalingam Dara , Anderson Prue , Knowles Sandra , Anzai Danielle , Rollo Greta
Published: August 2021

The ability to read and understand text is fundamental to full participation in modern adult life (Olson, 1977; Elwert, 2001). It is essential to educational progress across domains, but increased literacy levels are also linked to positive outcomes in terms of employment and health. Given its critical role both in the facilitation of learning in all domains, and in many aspects of life beyond school, it is imperative that we give students the best possible chance to develop their reading skills. This paper uses early reading as a case study for examining how the identification and explication of essential skills and concepts might assist all students to make excellent progress.
Applying empirical learning progressions for a holistic approach to evidence-based education: SWANS/ABLES
Authors: White Emily
Published: August 2021

Learning progressions have become an increasing topic of interest for researchers, educational organisations and schools as they can describe the expected pathway of learning within a content area to allow for targeted teaching and learning at all levels of ability. However, there is substantial variation in how learning progressions are developed and to what extent teachers can use them to inform their practices. The ABLES/SWANS tools (Students with Additional Needs/Abilities Based Learning and Education Support) are an example of how an empirical learning progression can be applied to support teachers’ ability to not only target teaching to a student’s zone of proximal development (Vygotsky, 1978), but also to plan, assess, and report on learning. Across Australia, these tools are used to help of thousands of teachers of students with disability to make evidence-based teaching and learning decisions and demonstrate the impact of their work with students. This approach, which scaffolds student achievement towards goals informed by an empirical learning progression, combined with reflective teaching practices, can help teachers to develop their capacity as professionals and provide the most effective teaching and learning for every student, regardless of the presence of disability or additional learning need.
Evidencing creativity and curiosity in IB schools
Authors: Richardson Sarah , Krstic Sladana
Published: August 2021

There is growing recognition of the importance of learners gaining transversal or 21st-century attributes in order to thrive in the contemporary world. This poses a number of challenges for educators. First, to what extent are transversal attributes innate, or do they include a combination of traits and skills? Second, what can teachers do to help nurture these attributes in learners? Third, how can the existence or strengthening of attributes be recognised? In this paper, we draw on work that we are doing for the International Baccalaureate Organisation to define conceptual frameworks for creativity and curiosity. Our goal is to enable learners to evidence achievement in each of these attributes, and for teachers to be able to recognise it. The frameworks draw on extensive scholarly literature to define the core components of both curiosity and creativity and the skills that are inherent in each one. This is the first step towards the development of a ‘transversal résumé’ that will allow learner achievement to be recorded. This includes a focus on the extent to which schools and teachers can provide learners with opportunities to gain, practice or enhance the skills that contribute to transversal attributes and a scaffold that enables learners to reflect on the extent to which they have evidenced creativity or curiosity in sustained pieces of work. The paper raises some key questions that have arisen as we have grappled with both conceptual and practical issues in this project. These provide valuable insights into the nurturing of transversal attributes, and the implications for educational professionals.
EFEKTIVITAS MEDIA TIKTOK DAN INFLUENCERMENDONGKRAK PENJUALAN LIPPIE SERUM RAECCADIPANDEMI COVID19
Authors:   Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya, Fitri Afriza Indah , Dwiyanti Selvi Ainul Inayah ,   Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya
Published: August 2021

This research entitled The Effectiveness of the Social Media of the Tok Team and the Influencer in Boosting Sales Volume Amid the Covid Pandemic19. This research is motivated by the Covid19 pandemic which is a threat to business people in marketing their products. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness level of Tik Tok social media as a place to increase the number of sales during the Covid19 pandemic. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods using literature and interviews with sources to strengthen the results of the research. The result of the research is that Tik Tok social media and Influencers have a role in increasing sales of Lippie Serum products.
Niveles séricos de interleucina-6 en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 y su correlación con el perfil lipídico
Authors: Escalera Jorge , Pérez Lorena , Brito Sara , Lares Mary , Flores Luis , Castro Jorge
Published: August 2021

La diabetes mellitus es una enfermedad metabólica caracterizada por hiperglucemia, a consecuencia de defectos en la producción, secreción y/o acción de la insulina, produciendo alteraciones en el metabolismo de los hidratos de carbono, lípidos y proteínas; asociado a un proceso inflamatorio crónica en un plazo variable, que provocara lesiones macro y microvasculares. Objetivo: Evaluar los niveles séricos de interleucina-6 (IL-6) en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 y su correlación con el perfil lipídico. Métodos: Se realizó estudio descriptivo analítico y transversal, comprendido por 60 adultos de ambos sexos entre 30 a 60 años, con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 que acudieron a consulta de Endocrinología del Hospital Militar Universitario Dr. Carlos Arvelo. Se les determino glucemia basal, interleucina-6, perfil lipídico, resultados relacionados con parámetros antropométricos, composición corporal, la edad y tiempo de evolución de la diabetes. Resultados: La edad promedio de 51,60 años ± 6,51, donde el 71,6% correspondieron al sexo femenino y el 28,3% al masculino, tiempo de evolución de la diabetes entre 1 mes y 37 años, con un promedio de 10,97 años. Se presentó correlación positiva baja y estadísticamente significativa entre interleucina 6 y los parámetros de triglicéridos, VLDL y no-HDL Conclusión: Se encontró valores elevados de IL-6 en todos los pacientes diabéticos tipo 2, así como una correlación positiva entre IL-6 y las lipoproteínas ricas en triglicéridos. Esto respalda la idea de que la hipertrigliceridemia puede causar cambios inflamatorios en pacientes diabéticos y esto elevaría el riesgo cardiovascular de estos pacientes.
Esteroides y COVID-19: una revisión de la evidencia en crecimiento durante la pandemia
Authors: Aure Gestne , Carrera-Viñoles Fernando , Requiz Zully , Morante María , Rodríguez Julio
Published: August 2021

El mecanismo específico por el cual los esteroides actuarían sobre la inflamación pulmonar sostenida, así como la definición del mejor fármaco a utilizar e incluso la duración adecuada del tratamiento, siguen siendo objetivo de estudio de los ensayos clínicos en curso. Como médicos clínicos, creemos que las potentes propiedades antiinflamatorias de los esteroides sintéticos están bien definidas, y aún falta evidencia definitiva de que otras estrategias antiinflamatorias proporcionen una mejor eficacia, al menos en el COVID-19. Aunque los esteroides sintéticos comparten una marcada acción antiinflamatoria y escasos efectos mineralocorticoides, su bioequivalencia y diferentes cinéticas deben considerarse cuidadosamente, debido a la elevada variabilidad de la farmacocinética individual, uso y prescripción adecuada de estos fármacos, ya que pueden desencadenar efectos adversos diversos que podrían impactar negativamente el curso clínico del paciente con COVID-19. Además, muchos de los fármacos actualmente considerados en el manejo del paciente con esta patología pueden potenciar la vida media y la aparición de efectos adversos de los corticoesteroides, o algunos efectos adversos de estos otros fármacos pueden simular complicaciones asociadas al uso de corticoesteroides, lo que podría conllevar a una suspensión precoz e inoportuna de los mismos. Números estudios clínicos y artículos basados en revisiones narrativas han servido de guías para los médicos clínicos en medio de esta pandemia, sin embargo, sus resultados deben interpretarse con cautela. Por estas razones, hemos realizado un análisis con base en el sistema GRADE de estos estudios para contrastar la información incluida en los estudios clínicos y minimizar el error de análisis.
AntiÃ¢â‚¬ÂHIV Therapy: Pipeline Approaches and Future Directions
Authors: Dwivedi L.K. , Shrivastava Mansi
Published: August 2021

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), with about 30 million deaths and double infections in developing countries, is an open challenge today for global scientists. Developing safe and effective measurements against it has become the prime need of hour. Though, putting it at health priority, various efforts like chemotherapy, immune activation through vaccine development and others are made globally over the last decade. Consequently, Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) was introduced but fails to completely block the viral replication due to drug resistance and various other severe side effects. Moreover, the antigenic variability and lack of appropriate experimental models has backed it to be a great puzzle. However, to overcome the present hurdles and to emerge a preventive HIV vaccine, efforts at various platforms are continued. A renewed, coordinated research, preclinical studies, clinical trials together with sufficient long term scientific and commercial
commitments are made. Few of the therapeutic efforts viz. RNA interference (RNAi) and nanotechnology based approaches to control the HIV, viral enzymesÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ inhibitors and various preclinically trialed vaccines are reviewed in this paper. Also, the observed toxicity of existing therapeutic regimen, key challenges and future prospects for the development of better tolerated prophylactic HIVÃ¢â‚¬Â1 vaccine are discussed.
Virulence of Enterococcus faecalis and Impact of GenomeÃ¢â‚¬Âwide approaches
Authors: Patidar Rakesh Kumar , Gupta Mithilesh Kumar , Singh Vinod
Published: August 2021

Enterococci are well recognized opportunistic pathogens in human and animal
infections. Enterococcus faecalis have attracted much attention in recent
times due to their increased recognition as an oral infection. The severity of
these infections depends on the host immune response and on the presence
of virulence factors. Bacterial virulence factors enable a host to replicate and
disseminate within a host in part by subverting or eluding host defenses.
Application of genomeÃ¢â‚¬Âwide approaches has led to the identification of new virulence factors that may serve as targets for new therapies. This review discusses the virulence factors of E. faecalis and impact of genomeÃ¢â‚¬Âwide approaches.
Effect of temperature on the behaviour of Geotrichum candidum and Fusarium oxysporum in culture media based on some domestic wastes
Authors: Godwinâ€Egein M. I.
Published: August 2021

The effect of temperature on the gap observed betweenÃ‚Â Fusarium oxysporum and Geotrichum candidum was investigated when the organisms were grown on media based on some domestic food wastes. The organisms were isolated from soil. The wastes were chipped, dried in the sun and in the oven (at 110oC) and comminuted to powder form. The powder in each case was included in the medium at the rate of 20%. The organisms were plated diametrically in 9cm Petri dishes and incubated at 15Ã‚Â°, 20Ã‚Â°, 25Ã‚Â°, 30Ã‚Â° and 40Ã‚Â°C for 15 days. Growth towards the centre was measured. On the 15th day the gap between the organisms was measured. G. candidum grew better on all the media, except on cassava peel, where F. oxysporum grew better than G. candidum at all temperatures; the gap was widest on cocoyam peel and was smallest on cassava peel. The gap was affected by temperature and medium.
Effect of paper mill effluent on haematology of Tor putitora (Hamilton)
Authors: Joshi B. D. , Negi Hema
Published: August 2021

Tor putitora  (mean wt., 86.69±1.26 g, mean total length, 19.73±0.40 cm) were exposed for 30 days to varying concentrations (3, 6, 12, and 24 ml/L) of paper mill effluent with a view to check the haematological changes. Red blood cell count (RBCC), haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin content (MCHC), white blood cell count (WBCC), neutrophils, monocytes and small lymphocytes were 2.17±0.01Ã¢â‚¬Â 1.90±0.01×106/mm3, 8.8±0.02Ã¢â‚¬Â6.5±0.02 g%, 27.34±0.24Ã¢â‚¬Â27.02±0.28%, 126.28±1.78Ã¢â‚¬Â123.04±1.82 um3, 41.80±0.12Ã¢â‚¬Â38.40±0.71 pg, 32.42±0.08Ã¢â‚¬Â 28.45±0.08 g%, 13.16±0.28Ã¢â‚¬Â16.19±0.23×103/mm3, 10.36±0.33Ã¢â‚¬Â5.19±0.26%, 5.87±0.25Ã¢â‚¬Â4.17±0.26% and 83.08±1.27Ã¢â‚¬Â89.24±1.25% respectively. After 30 days of exposure RBCC, Hb, MCV and MCHC decreased significantly (p<0.05) at 24 ml/L, whereas increasing trend in WBCC at all concentrations has been observed. Pathological alterations of erythrocytes in blood smears included deformation sticking, lysis and abnormal presence of senile erythrocytes were clearly observed in T. putitora exposed to paper mill effluent. These changes might be attributed to structural damage of RBC membranes resulting in haemolysis and destruction in haemoglobin production. Elevation in WBCC could be due to stimulation of immune system in response to tissue damage caused by paper mill effluent. This  study therefore gives an insightinto toxic effect of the paper mill effluent on T. putitora.
Genetic identification of West African ecotypes of the groundnut seedbeetle Caryedon serratus Ol. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Diome ToffÃ¨ne , Ndiaye Awa , Ndong Assane , Doumma Ali , Sanon Antoine , Ketoh Guillaume K. , SembÃ¨ne MbackÃ©
Published: August 2021

Groundnut, Arachis hypogaea L., Fabaceae, occupies an important place in the diet of people in developing countries due to its high nutritional value. The worst damage is caused by a species of Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Bruchinae namely Caryedon serratus Ol., whose larvae develop in seeds by eating the cotyledons. The objective of this work was to identify different ecotypes of C. serratus subservient to groundnuts in four countries in West Africa: Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger using the PCRÃ¢â‚¬Âsequencing in order to develop strategies for protection, taking into account the environment for producers. We addressed the variability of cytoplasmic genome sequencing directly into a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome gene from 46 individuals of C. serratus sampled in the West Africa sub region. It appears that the variability of this fraction of the genome is quite strong. Several haplotypes were identified in all these countries. Phylogenetic reconstructions by parsimony, maximum likelihood and NeighborÃ¢â‚¬Âjoining confirmed the lack of structure of C. serratus according to distance. They also revealed that the same biotype infesting groundnuts in Senegal also infests the whole subÃ¢â‚¬Âregion.
Effect of varieties and weeding regimes on weed and performance of
Authors: Ismaila U. , Kolo M. G. , Gbanguba A. U.
Published: August 2021

A Field trial was conducted at the aerobic rice experimental field of the NationalCereals Research Institute (NCRI), Badeggi, Nigeria (9 ° 04 N and 6° 7 E)in 2007 and 2008 wet seasons to determine the weed competitiveness andperformance of inter Ã¢â‚¬Â and intraÃ¢â‚¬Âspecific aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.) varietiesunder seven weeding regimes. The trial was laid out in a split plot designwith the two varieties of rice (NERICA 1 as inter Ã¢â‚¬Âspecific and FARO 46 asintra Ã¢â‚¬Âspecific) assigned to the main plot while seven weeding regimes (hoeweeding at 25, 45, and 65 days after sowing (DAS), 25 DAS, 45 DAS, 25 and45 DAS, application of 3’,3’ Ã¢â‚¬Â dichloropropionanilide /2, 4 – Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (orizo plus R) by Candel Company Ltd. at 3.5 kg active ingredient(ai )ha Ã¢â‚¬Â1 at 25 DAS, hoe weeding at 25 DAS followed by orizo plus at 3.5 kg aiat 45 DAS and weedy check) constituted the sub – plots. The treatmentswere replicated three times in a split plot design. From the results, interspecificvariety (NERICA1) had better weed suppression ability with highergrain yield of 3.1 t ha Ã¢â‚¬Â1 than the intraÃ¢â‚¬Âspecific variety (FARO 46). Weed controlwas better when hoe weeding was done at 25, 45 and 65 DAS or 25 and45 DAS and at 25 DAS followed by orizo plus at 45 DAS than in other treatments.However, hoe weeding at 25, 45 and 65 DAS gave significantlygreater grain yield than other treatments. Although economic yield was obtainedfrom hoe weeding at 25 DAS followed by orizo plus at 45 DAS.
Effect of spent mushroom substrate on tomato wilt disease
Authors: Godwinâ€Egein M. I. , Okereke V. C. , Ndueso K. F.
Published: August 2021

An investigation was carried out on the effect of spent mushroom substrateon the wilt disease of tomato when the spent substrate is used as soilamendment. The experiment was carried out at the teaching and researchFarm of the Faculty of Agriculture and the Mycology/Plant Pathology Laboratoryof the Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University ofPort Harcourt. Two tomato varieties tropimech (TT 3) and tomate U82B(TT2)at 4 Ã¢â‚¬Â6wks old stage were transplanted into potted soil amended with spentmushroom substrate at the ratio 1:3, 1:4, 1:5 and 1:6 in plastic pots. Stemdiameter, plant height, number of leaves, disease incidence and disease severitywere evaluated. Fusarium oxysporum was implicated as the causalagent of the disease; Aspergillus sp and Rhizopus sp were also isolated fromthe soil though not pathogenic to the plants. The ratio 1:4 was observed tohave the most positive effect on the disease, while the ratio 1:5 had the leasteffect on the disease.
Breast milk IgA levels as a possible index to predict the onset of sepsis in infants in Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Ella E. E. , Ahmad A. A. , Umoh V. J. , Ogala W. N. , Balogun T. B.
Published: August 2021

The mean Immunoglobulin A concentration in 188 colostrum, 93 transitionalmilk and 97 mature milk samples obtained from lactating mothers was206.96 (± 116.40)mg/l, 204.57 (± 123.01)mg/l and 157.65 (± 116.56)mg/lrespectively. The mean, colostrum, transitional and mature milk IgA of motherswith healthy babies was 183.48 (± 114.91) mg/l, 148.35 (± 101.07) mg/land 147.75 (± 114.6) mg/l, while values obtained from mothers whose babieswere sick were 221.22 (± 115.46)mg/l, 235.49 (± 123.75)mg/l and267.81 (± 77.89)mg/l for colostrum, transitional and mature milk respectively.The values obtained from sick babies’ mothers were Ã¢â‚¬Â significantlyhigher (P < 0.05) than the healthy infants’ mothers. While relative to age ofmothers, the IgA concentrations did not vary significantly (P < 0.05) inhealthy babies’ mothers. However, it was varied significantly in the motherswith sick babies and showed that the concentration of IgA from the mothersaged ≤ 20 varied significantly (P < 0.05) from the mothers aged 21 – 30 and ≥31 years.
Efficacy of Senna occidentalis leaves powder on oviposition, hatchability of eggs and emergence of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab)on treated cowpea seeds
Authors: Adesina J. M. , Afolabi L. A. , Aderibigbe A. T.
Published: August 2021

The efficacy of Senna occidentalis leaf powder against Callosobruchusmaculatus (F) on cowpea treated seeds was evaluated under ambientcondition (32±0.64°C and 68±3% R.H.) at the laboratory of AgriculturalTechnology of Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo. C. maculatus was obtainedfrom OjaÃ¢â‚¬ÂOba market, Owo, Ondo State of Nigeria. The insects were rearedand bred in the laboratory. The cowpea seeds used for the bioassay werekept in the freezer for 15 days to eliminate infestation from the field. Theleaf powder was obtained after milling and four dosages of the powder (0.5,1.0, 1.5 and 2.0g) were separately admixed with 20g of cowpea in separatepetri dishes. Ten pairs of C. maculatus were introduced into each petriÃ¢â‚¬Âdish.Number of adult mortality, egg laid, percentage egg hatching, adultemergence and weight loss from each treatment were compared withcontrol treatment. It is concluded that the Senna occidentalis contains toxicproperties valuable for the control of C. maculatus.
Manure and lime amendment effects on soil pH, fertility, microbe population and respiration
Authors: Dada B. F. , Ewulo B. S.
Published: August 2021

Soils of the tropical and subtropical climate are intensively weathered, acidicand have low native fertility. In order to determine the effect of lime and itscombination with either poultry manure or  Tithonia diversifolia on tropicalrainforest soil, top soils were collected from the Teaching and Research Farmof the Federal University of Technology, Akure (7 Ã¢â‚¬Â5’ N, long 5Ã¢â‚¬Â10’ E) in SouthWest, Nigeria and incubated. Five treatments and a control were establishedat Soil:Lime:Manure ratio of 10:1:1, the treatments were; Soil+Lime (S+L),Soil+Lime+ Tithonia diversifolia (S+L+T), Soil+Lime+Poultry manure (S+L+PM),Soil+ Tithonia diversifolia (S+T), Soil+Poultry manure (S+PM), and a control S.The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomised Design (CRD) withthree replicates and soil water maintained at field capacity. Soil sampleswere collected for chemical analysis, soil respiration measurement and microbecount at the 2 nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, and10th week. Data collected were subjectedto statistical analysis and the result showed that the application ofLime, poultry manure and  T. diversifolia and their combinations reduced soilacidity. The combination of lime with poultry manure or  T. Tithonia diversifoliaimproved soil nutrient and microbes count. Lime combined with poultrymanure most favoured rapid multiplication of soil bacteria.Ã¢â‚¬Â
Comparative antioxidant potential and total flavonoids in different extracts of pericarp and pulp of Garcinia cowa Roxb.
Authors: Chaurasia A. K. , Gogoi B. J. , Chattopadhyay P. , Gogoi H. K. , Singh Lokendra
Published: August 2021

The antioxidant and total flavonoid content (TFC) of solvent extracts of pericarpand pulp of Garcinia cowa Roxb. were evaluated. The antioxidant activitywas evaluated using 2, 2 Ã¢â‚¬Âdi phenylÃ¢â‚¬Â1Ã¢â‚¬Âpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicalscavenging assay and beta carotene linoleate bleaching ( βCL) assay. Ascorbicacid and butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT) were used as the standards. Theethyl acetate extract of the pulp showed the highest inhibition (89.5 ±0.81%) of DPPH radical, along with the highest antioxidant activity (75.1 ±0.60%) in βCL assay and the highest total flavonoid content 67.4 ± 1.41 mgcatechin equivalent (CE)/100g fresh mass at 1000ppm concentration.
Anaemia among nonÃ¢â‚¬Âpregnant women: a community based study in rural area of Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal
Authors: Maiti S. , Ali Kazi Monjur , Jana Kishalay , Ghosh Debidas , Paul Shyamapada
Published: August 2021

Anaemia among women is still a public health problem in developing countriesincluding India. A community based, cross Ã¢â‚¬Âsectional study was conductedamong non Ã¢â‚¬Âpregnant women to assess the prevalence of anaemia.The study group was comprised of 528 women between 20 to 49 years fromfour rural blocks located in western parts of Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal.The overall mean level of haemoglobin (Hb) was 10.36±1.61 g/dl. Theresults indicated that slightly incensement of the mean values of Hb concentrationwith advancement in age except the age group of 45 Ã¢â‚¬Â49 years. Prevalenceof anaemia (Hb<11.9g/dl) was very high among the participants(79.55%). In all, 16.66% of women had mild (10 Ã¢â‚¬Â11.9g/dl), 61.93% had moderate(7 Ã¢â‚¬Â9.9g/dl) and only 0.94% had severe anaemic (<7g/dl). The highestfrequency(83.14%) of anaemia was observed among age group of 45 Ã¢â‚¬Â49 andlowest(75.94%) in the age group of 25 Ã¢â‚¬Â29 years. Results also reveals thatrural women have higher prevalence of anaemia(52.84%) with low bodymass index (BMI; <18.5kg/m 2) compared to normal or overweight women.Anaemia is a common problem among women in rural sectors of PaschimMedinipur. However, further studies are required to identify the responsiblefactors which are essential for the effective management of anaemia.
ShortÃ¢â‚¬Âterm effects of organic and inorganic fertilizer applications on soil microbial properties
Authors: Ewusiâ€Mensah N. , Logah V. , Fening J. O.
Published: August 2021

This paper reports the short Ã¢â‚¬Â term effects of organic and inorganic fertilizerapplications on the culturable resident bacterial and fungal properties of aFerric Acrisol in the semi Ã¢â‚¬Âdeciduous forest zone of Ghana after three continuouscropping seasons. The treatments were two compost types (i.e. 1:1compost comprising 1 part made up of Chromolaena, Stylosanthes, maizestover mixture and 1 part of cattle manure, 2:1 compost comprising 2 partsof Chromolaena, Stylosanthes, maize stover mixture and 1 part of cattle manure),cowdung, 100% NPK and a control replicated three times in a randomizedcomplete block design. The results showed that total microbial load on alogarithmic scale ranged from 4.6 cfu/g in the control to 5.4 on cowdungtreated plots. Bacterial counts on 2:1 compost applied at 5 t/ha treatedplots recorded 5% more bacteria than the 1:1 compost applied at 5 t/ha.Fungal counts in the control and inorganic treated plots were higher than theorganically amended plots. The highest and lowest microbial biomass C contentswere recorded on cowdung and 1:1 compost at 5 t/ha treated plotsrespectively. Microbial biomass N content ranged from 1.4 Ã¢â‚¬Â 8.2 mg N kgÃ¢â‚¬Â1soil with a mean value of 6.2 mg N kg Ã¢â‚¬Â1 soil. Microbial biomass P contentranged from 3.6 Ã¢â‚¬Â 6.3 mg P kgÃ¢â‚¬Â1 soil with a mean value of 5 mg P kgÃ¢â‚¬Â1 soil.Microbial biomass carbon to organic carbon ratio varied from 18.37 to 85.63.
Callus induction studies on Stevia rebaudiana and antibacterial screening of leaf extracts
Authors: Pande S. , Wani M. , Khetmalas Madhukar
Published: August 2021

The medicinal plant Stevia rebaudiana (Asteraceae family) produces sweetsteviol glycosides in the leaves which can be used as a natural alternative toartificial sweetener. The propagation by seeds or other methods is not viabledue to the low rate of seed germination. The present study was focused oninduction and maintenance of callus from leaf explants of Stevia by usingdifferent concentrations of 2, 4 dichlorophenoxy acetic acid . Surface sterilizedleaf explants were inoculated in MS medium with vitamins, sucrose (30g l –1), agar (0.8% w/v) and supplemented with various concentrations of 2, 4Ã¢â‚¬ÂD (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3 mg l –1). Medium supplemented with 2.5 mg l–12, 4 Ã¢â‚¬ÂD showed best callus induction. Leaf extracts in different solvent systemswere screened for antimicrobial activity against some Gram Ã¢â‚¬Âpositiveand Gram Ã¢â‚¬Ânegative bacteria by disc diffusion method. The chloroform andmethanol extract of leaves exhibited a concentration dependent antibacterialinhibition.
Combined effect of nitrogen mixed with ozone on the mortality of storedÃ¢â‚¬Âgrain insects
Authors: Sadeghi Golam Reza , Pourmirza Ali Asgar , Safaralizade Mohammad Hasan
Published: August 2021

A study was conducted to determine the effect of nitrogen mixed with ozoneon controlling stored Ã¢â‚¬Âgrain insects in the storehouse. Adults of Sitophilusoryzae (L.), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), Oryzephilus surinamensis  ºC and 65 ±5% r. h. Experiments were performed at different heights(10, 20, 40 and 50 cm) and nutrition materials (date, wheat and rice), inpenetration tests and empty Ã¢â‚¬Âspace tests. In emptyÃ¢â‚¬Âspace trials, the highestmortality was for P. interpunctella. In penetration tests, treatment with highpressurenitrogen and ozone under different height and foodstuff resulted indifferent rates of mortality. The mixture of nitrogen and ozone in the interactionbetween height and diet (heigh×diet) were not significant for all theinsects, but the mortality was significant at different height for R. dominicaand O. surinamensis. The influence of nitrogen and ozone in the date wasmore than in rice and wheat. The present findings allow us to suggest thatthe mixture of nitrogen and ozone can be used as suitable fumigant to alternatephosphine and methyl bromide under ambient storage conditions inpenetration and empty Ã¢â‚¬Âspace fumigations.(L.) and 3th larvae of Plodia interpunctella (Hubner)were exposed the mixture of nitrogen and ozone. After exposure period of24 h, the insects were transferred to clean jars containing food and held at27±2
Impact of aerobic training and detraining on lipoprotein level among college students
Authors: Rajaram R , Kumaran G , Abraham George
Published: August 2021

Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 608 002, India
Effects of selenium supplementation on the muscle contractile properties, fatigue and antioxidant enzymes activities of gastrocnemius muscles in trained and untrained rats
Authors: Alwan Mohanad R. , Krasilshchikov Oleksandr , Bin Tengku Muzaffar , Shihabudin Tengku Mohamad
Published: August 2021

Selenium (Se) is an important component of cellular seleno Ã¢â‚¬Âcompounds andan integral component of glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), which catalyzes thereduction of harmful radicals produced during muscular exercise. The currentstudy was carried out to evaluate the muscle contractile properties andfatigue resistance of gastrocnemius muscle under selenium supplementationschemes in sedentary and exercise protocols as well as measure the antioxidantenzymes activity and lipid peroxidation. Rats were divided into fourgroups; sedentary Selenium supplementation (S), exercise Selenium (SE)groups, sedentary control (SC) and exercise control (EC) groups. The ratswere fed with 80 μg/kg body weights selenium for six weeks. The exerciseprotocol consisted the 40 jumps up to the height of 40 cm for 6 Ã¢â‚¬Âweek. Themuscle fatigue protocol consisted the trains of pulses of 40 Hz at every secondfor at least 2 min. Significant (P<0.05) increase was observed in treatedgroups than control in the muscle contractile properties like twitch tension(Pt), contraction time (CT) and twitch/tetanic tension Ratio (Pt/Po Ratio),tetanic tension (Po) and EMG amplitude. Decreased EMG failure and increasedfatigue index were observed in ES group. Moreover, a significant(P<0.05) increase and decrease in the GPx activity and lipid peroxidation respectivelywas also reported than SC and EC group. While there were nochanges reported in the activity of CAT and SOD enzymes. This study revealedthat the Se with jumping exercise induces muscle contractile propertiesand decreases the muscular fatigue.
Antibiotic susceptibility testing of bacteria in drinking water sources in AkungbaÃ¢â‚¬ÂAkoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Ajayi A. O. , Agangan N. F.
Published: August 2021

In present investigation, the bacteriological analysis and antibiotic sensitivitypattern of drinking water samples collected from different sources ofAkungba Ã¢â‚¬ÂAkoko, Nigeria was done. The antibiotics mainly considered in ourstudy for determining the sensitivity were amongst the commonly used inthis area for treatment of infectious diseases. As a result, the bacteriologicalindex, especially coliform count was observed notably high with 72 x10 1 cfu/ml for stream sample and 26.4 x 10 1 cfu/ml for borehole sample. The majorbacterial isolates identified in the water samples were Staphylococcus sp,E.coli  Ã¢â‚¬Ânegative bacteria wereobserved showing 75% and 65% resistant to Septrin and Amoxicillin respectively.Also, multiple drug resistance was observed for many antibiotics.Therefore, the presence of high amount antibiotic resistant bacteria of clinicalimportance is reported in these water sources which are usually consumedby students and members of the University community. Hence, thisstudy necessitates the need for water treatment so that epidemics of waterbornebacterial disease can be averted in this region., Klebsiella sp, Pseudomonas sp., Enterococcus sp., Bacillus cereus andothers. With regards to the antibiotic sensitivity test, all isolates showed100% resistance to Ampicillin and Cloxacillin and 85.7% resistance to Zinnacef[a cephalosporin product]. However, the gram
Eupatorium triplinerve: a novel candidate for antimicrobial research
Authors: Sudha P , Reni A , Rajamani L , V Kavitha , P Sasikala , G Yazhini , Dhanapal Aruna
Published: August 2021

Most of the people in rural and urban areas of the world were dependent onthe medicinal plants for the treatment of infectious diseases. The Ayurvedicand Unani systems of medicines are widely used by the people of Indian subcontinent.Among the different plant derivatives, secondary metabolitesproved to be the most important group of compounds that showed widerange of antibacterial and antifungal activity. Eupatorium triplinerve(Compositae) is a slender herb with narrow lanceolate leaves and large numberof pedicelled flower Ã¢â‚¬Âheads at the top of the branch. Extract of the plantis used as antiseptic, and in the treatment of various ulcers and haemorrhages. This paper reviews the antimicrobial potential of leaf extracts of eupatorium triplinerve.
A review on different therapeutic uses and antimicrobial potential of Garlic
Authors: Chaturvedi Rachna , Chaturvedi Sushil
Published: August 2021

The objective of this review is to brie fly examine the therapeutic uses of garlic(  Allium sativum), a member of family Liliaceae in prevention and treatmentof diseases, as it is considered to be a herbal "wonder drug". Garlic isone of the earliest found Herbs known for their culinary and medicinal valuestherefore, employed in entire world as food spice as well as therapeuticagent for the treatment of diseases and maintenance of human health. Today,it stands as the second most utilized food supplement. Diseases thatmay be treated or prevented by garlic’s medicinal activity include cancer,diabetes, drug toxicity, osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases (includingstrokes, hypertension, and thrombosis). Garlic’s current principal medicinaluses are to prevent and treat cardiovascular disease by lowering blood pressureby 5  â€Â7% and cholesterol concentration approximately by 10%. It alsoinhibits the platelet aggregation and enhances fibrinolytic activity, reducingclotting on damaged endothelium. Due to its sulfur containing compounds,high trace mineral content, and enzymes, the garlic has shown the antimicrobial,(anti  â€Âviral, antiâ€Âbacterial, antiâ€Âfungal) and antioxidant abilities. Though,it is safe as food supplement but in some sensitive persons, it can cause gastrointestinalirritation, and of course, halitosis.
Evaluation of anti bacterial potential of ZnOÃ¢â‚¬ÂAu nanocomposites
Authors: Femi V , Prabha P H , Sudha P , Jerald A L , Reni A
Published: August 2021

In the present investigation, the ZnO Ã¢â‚¬ÂAu nanocomposites were prepared bydissolving the Zinc Nitrate and Chloroauric acid in 1:1 concentration in thepresence of Sodium Hydroxide. Formation of nanocomposites was observedby a change in color from a colorless solution to yellowish white precipitate.Furthermore, characterization of ZnO Ã¢â‚¬ÂAu nanocomposities were done byusing Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), UV absorption Spectroscopy, ScanningElectron Microscopy (SEM) and X Ã¢â‚¬Âray Diffraction (XRD) to determine theparticle size, absorption, morphological studies and crystalline structure.Moreover, under the evaluation of anti Ã¢â‚¬Âmicrobial potential of synthesizedcomposites, a great promise as anti Ã¢â‚¬Âbacterial agent was observed which canfind versatile applications in the fields such as medical devices and antimicrobialsystems.
Human microbiome: The immunopotentiator and safeguard against natural infections
Authors: Snehita Chauhan Snehita Chauhan , Asokan Aparna
Published: August 2021

The human microbiome is the term used for collective combinations of microorganismspresent in the human body as a safeguard against contaminations,infections etc. According to type and location of secretions, the humanmicrobiome helps to protect us from diseases by switching on the respectiveimmune system (Passive or active). The present article is an attempt to makethe readers aware about the natural flora of human body, their role into theprotection of human body from opportunistic infections. The article has alsosparingly touches the immunopotentiation of human flora and their contributionin enhancing the immune response.
Toll like Receptors: The immunomediators of innate and acquired immunity and the targets of therapeutic concern
Authors: Singh Desh D , Dwivedi L K , Amdekar Sarika , Singh Vinod
Published: August 2021

Toll Ã¢â‚¬Âlike Receptors (TLRs) are identified as pattern recognition receptors(PRRs) present in vertebrates and invertebrates which recognize the pathogen Ã¢â‚¬Âassociated molecular patterns (PAMPs) shared by pathogens. They are atype of innate immune receptors, involved in the cytokine production, cellularactivation and phagocytosis of microorganisms during microbial infection.They exist on various immune cells therefore, considered for targeted immunotherapeuticresearch in current approaches. In the present review, wehave extensively discussed that how TLRs play a crucial role in mediating the innate immune response and forming a bridge between innate and adaptiveimmunity. Moreover, their role in immunological disorders and treatment ofhuman diseases is also discussed in length.
Effect of third degree burn injury on ovarian histology and hormonal milieu in female Wistar rats
Authors: Duru Francis Ikechukwu , Adeteye Olawale Victor , Azu Onyemaechi Okpara
Published: August 2021

Studies have shown that severe burns affect male fertility through hormonaldisequilibrium while similar cases in female are poorly understood. Therefore,in the present investigation we set out to study how third degree burn(TDB) disrupts ovarian histology and hormonal milieu. Fifteen adult femalealbino Wistar rats, weighs 150 â€“ 200g were used in the experiment. Theywere divided in three groups (control, sham and experimental) containingfive rats in each group. TDB was induced on 30% of the total body surfacearea of experimental animals while the sham group had 30% of their totalbody surface area shaved and exposed to warm water at room temperature.The resulted observations showed that TDB cause significant decline in FSHlevels with elevation of prolactin; thereby altering the pituitary function viainterference in signaling pathway. It altered the stress center of brain, controllingsecretion of gonadotropin releasing hormone thus causing irregularityof the estrous cycle, delayed ovarian maturation and rapid degenerationof ovarian follicles.
Effect of gamma irradiations on seed germination and seedling survival of Stevia rebaudiana Bert.
Authors: Pande Snehal , Khetmalas Madhukar
Published: August 2021

Stevia rebaudianaÂ Â Stevia rebaudianaÂ Â Stevia started simultaneously 7 days after sowing. Differencesin the germination and survival percent were recorded in the first generation.High dose of Gamma irradiation increased delay in days of germinationand maturity. The germination and survival percent decreased with increasingdosage of gamma radiations. The data on days to germination, germinationpercentage and survival percentage, indicated that low dose ofgamma radiation had very less effect on germination ofÂ Stevia seeds. It wasnoticed that up to 5 to 10 KR dose there was no statistically significant differencein seed germination as compared to control. However, germinationpercentage was significantly affected by higher doses of gamma rays.seeds. The seeds were given 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 KR(Kiloradians) exposures. Gamma irradiated seeds were treated with sodiumazide and colchicines solution for 4 h separately. Germination in control andtreated seeds ofÂ Bert. produces sweet steviol glycosides in the leaves. Currentinvestigation was carried out to study effects of gamma irradiations on
Morphological and physiological traits associated with seed yield in different chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes under irrigated andwaterâ€deficit environments
Authors: Talebi Reza , Karami Ezzat
Published: August 2021

The morpho â€physiological traits associated with seed yield in chickpea (Cicerarietinum L.) were evaluated on thirty five chickpea genotypes under twodifferent water regimes. In optimum condition, the highest correlation wasbelonged to number of seeds/plant and number of pods/plant (0.944**) andin water deficit condition, the strongest correlation of seed yield was observedwith number of seeds/plant (0.875**), number of pods/plant(0.789**) and 100  â€seed weight (0.438**). Physiological traits (RWC, Chlorophylland Carotenoid) indicated low and positive correlation with yield, buthigh positive correlation with other seeds yields related traits in optimumcondition while, under water deficit condition, chlorophyll content and RWChad low and non â€significant negative correlation with seeds yield. Carotenoid,number of seeds/plant and 100 â€seed weight showed more direct positiveeffect on yield in optimum environment and in stress condition, numberof seeds/ plant and 100 â€seed weight showed highest direct effect on seedyield. Results of factor analysis showed that four factors explained 88.54%and 34.5% of the total variance caused in the characters in optimum andwater deficit environment, respectively. In general, the results suggestedthat a chickpea cultivar, for increased yield under non â€stress conditions,should have maximum number of seeds and pods per plant and under stressconditions should have maximum number of seeds and pods per plant andalso keep the high level of RWC and chlorophyll content in their leaves. Thus,identifying these traits as selection criteria in chickpea breeding programmay be useful for breeders to introduce suitable drought resistant chickpeacultivars for arid regions.