bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ride the Wave: Continuous Electroencephalography is Indicated in the Management of Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Eickholtz Allie , Abbas Shan , James Elysia , Gibson Charles , Iskander Gaby , Lypka Matthew , Krech Laura , Pounders Steffen , Burns Kelly , Chapman Alistair J.
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) are at risk for seizures and other abnormalities that can have permanent adverse effects on the brain. We aimed to report the incidence of seizures and continuous EEG (cEEG) abnormalities after TBI and identify any risk factors associated with the development of these abnormalities. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study identified 245 adult patients with mild to severe TBI who had a cEEG performed within one week of admission to a Midwest Level 1 Trauma Center between July 2014 and July 2019. Trauma registry and electronic medical record (EPIC) data were extracted. Results: Twelve percent of patients with TBI developed seizures and an additional 23% demonstrated electrographic patterns that are correlated with risk for seizures (such as lateralized periodic patterns and sporadic epileptiform discharges). Fifty three percent of seizures would have been missed unless a cEEG was performed. Age, history of epilepsy or prior TBI, hypertension, bleeding disorder, and dementia were associated with an increased risk of developing seizures or higher risk patterns. Conclusions: Thirty-five percent of patients who presented with TBI were noted to have seizures or electrographic patterns associated with a higher risk of seizures. The incidence of cEEG abnormalities in this study is higher than previously reported and these patients are at risk for permanent neurological injury. We recommend the routine use of cEEG for all critically ill patients with TBI as over half of the seizures would have been missed if cEEG was not employed.
The Effect of dry Needling in Chronic Stroke with a complex Network Approach: A Case Study
Authors: Asadi Borhan , Fard Kheirollah Rahsepar , Ansari Noureddin Nakhostin , Marco Álvaro , Calvo Sandra , Herrero Pablo
Published: August 2022

Background: Dry Needling (DN) has been demonstrated to be effective in improving sensorimotor function and spasticity in patients with chronic stroke. Electroencephalogram (EEG) has been used to analyze if DN has effects on the central nervous system of patients with stroke. There are no studies on how DN works in patients with chronic stroke based on EEG analysis using complex networks. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess how DN works when it is applied in a patient with stroke, using the graph theory. Methods: One session of DN was applied to the spastic brachialis muscle of a 62-year-old man with right hemiplegia after stroke. EEG was used to analyze the effects of DN following metrics that measure the topological configuration: 1) network density, 2) clustering coefficient, 3) average shortest path length, 4) betweenness centrality, and 5) small-worldness. Measurements were taken before and during DN. Results: An improvement of the brain activity was observed in this patient with stroke after the application of DN, which led to variations of local parameters of the brain network in the delta, theta and alpha bands, and inclined towards those of the healthy control bands. Conclusions: This case study showed the positive effects of DN on brain network of a patient with chronic stroke.
A Comparative Study on the Success Rates of Two Approaches for Seminal Vesiculoscopy
Authors: Zheng Tao , Zhang Tian-Biao , Lv Kun-Long , Nan Yong-Hao , Liu Yong-Fei , Hao Ya-Wei , Zhang Jie , Wang Rui
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to compare the success rates of two approaches for seminal vesiculoscopy: through the interior of the prostatic utricle and through the neck of the prostatic utricle. The patients were divided into two groups based on the seminal vesiculoscopy used. Group A was an interior of the prostatic utricle group (152 cases), and group B was a neck of the prostatic utricle group (146 cases). The general clinical data, intraoperative conditions and surgical results of the two groups were compared. Compared with group A, group B had a higher surgical success rate (94.5% vs. 62.5%, p < .001), a shorter operation time (33 min vs. 45 min, p < .001), less blood loss (0.5 ml vs. 2 ml, p < .001), a higher pain relief rate (86.6% vs. 52.3%, p < .001), a higher remission rate of haemospermia (82.2% vs. 58.5%, p = .011), a lower recurrence rate of pain (10.4% vs. 35.4%, p < .001), a lower recurrence rate of haemospermia (15.6% vs. 37.7%, p = .014), a higher symptom remission rate of the lower urinary tract (90.9% vs. 50.0%, p = .030), a higher remission rate of scrotal moisture (84.6% vs. 45.5%, p = .042) and a higher remission rate of frequent spermatorrhea (80.0% vs. 55.6%, p = .033). Seminal vesiculoscopy undertaken through the neck of the prostatic utricle has the characteristics of high success rate, short operation time and good surgical effect and is worthy of promotion and application.
A generalized proportional integral observer–based robust tracking design approach for quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Li Shenghui , Sun Zhenxing
Published: August 2022

This article mainly studies the trajectory tracking control for quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle with unknown time-varying disturbances including parametric uncertainties, model errors, and external disturbances such as wind effects. Conventional backstepping control schemes usually cannot guarantee the performance when it faces the time-varying disturbances. Improved schemes, such as integral backstepping, can only compensate the disturbances in a relatively slow way. By introducing disturbance observer technology into the design of controller, a composite generalized proportional integral observer–based robust control design method is developed. First, by utilizing the generalized proportional integral observer, the lumped time-varying disturbances of unmanned aerial vehicle are estimated. Secondly, combining the value of disturbance estimation and feedforward controller by using backstepping control technology together, a composite controller has been developed, which can be called as backstepping control + generalized proportional integral observer. The proposed control method has a better capability of disturbance rejection and is easy to implement. Simulation and experimental results illustrate the good robustness and tracking performance of the proposed scheme.
M1 stage subdivisions based on 18F-FDG PET-CT parameters to identify locoregional radiotherapy for metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Qiu Hui-Zhi , Zhang Xu , Liu Sai-Lan , Sun Xue-Song , Mo Yi-Wen , Lin Huan-Xin , Lu Zi-Jian , Guo Jia , Tang Lin-Quan , Mai Hai-Qiang , Liu Li-Ting , Guo Ling
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

To establish a risk classification of de novo metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (mNPC) patients based on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET-CT) radiomics parameters to identify suitable candidates for locoregional radiotherapy (LRRT).

Methods:

In all, 586 de novo mNPC patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET-CT prior to palliative chemotherapy (PCT) were involved. A Cox regression model was performed to identify prognostic factors for overall survival (OS). Candidate PET-CT parameters were incorporated into the PET-CT parameter score (PPS). Recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) was applied to construct a risk stratification system.

Results:

Multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that total lesion glycolysis of locoregional lesions (LRL-TLG), the number of bone metastases (BMs), metabolic tumor volume of distant soft tissue metastases (DSTM-MTV), pretreatment Epstein–Barr virus DNA (EBV DNA), and liver involvement were independent prognosticators for OS. The number of BMs, LRL-TLG, and DSTM-MTV were incorporated as the PPS. Eligible patients were divided into three stages by the RPA-risk stratification model: M1a (low risk, PPSlow + no liver involvement), M1b (intermediate risk, PPSlow + liver involvement, PPShigh + low EBV DNA), and M1c (high risk, PPShigh + high EBV DNA). PCT followed by LRRT displayed favorable OS rates compared to PCT alone in M1a patients ( p < 0.001). No significant survival difference was observed between PCT plus LRRT and PCT alone in M1b and M1c patients ( p > 0.05).

Conclusions:

The PPS-based RPA stratification model could identify suitable candidates for LRRT. Patients with stage M1a disease could benefit from LRRT.
Visceral Microscopic Pattern From Suicidal Ingestion of Professional Lysoform® With Delayed Death
Authors: Tambuzzi Stefano , Gentile Guendalina , Andreola Salvatore , Migliorini Arnaldo Stanislao , Zoja Riccardo
Published: August 2022

Lysoform® in the formulation of professional detergent is widely used in several fields, whereas its suicidal ingestion is an unusual occurrence. Therefore, the biological signs of this fatal poisoning remain unclear and elusive, similarly to the histological lesions induced by its main constituent, which is benzalkonium chloride (BZK). Furthermore, since all the deaths that has been reported in the literature occurred immediately, microscopic pictures of BZK lethal toxicity in subjects with prolonged survival have never been reported to date. Specifically, this brief communication reports the unique case of a woman who ingested professional Lysoform® to commit suicide, for which she died two weeks later. The autopsy examination showed either local or systemic signs of caustic ingestion; moreover, the histological analysis showed clear cellular damage of lungs, heart, and kidneys. In our case, toxicological investigations were not authorized as they were no longer considered significant. In this framework, the histological examination has therefore assumed a fundamental role in investigating and demonstrating the lethal effects caused by the systemic dissemination of BZK, which would otherwise no longer be investigable. Therefore, in cases of substance intoxication with prolonged survival where forensic toxicological investigations may be no longer possible or feasible, the histological examination may be the only resource to successfully observe and demonstrate its lethal effects.
Qualitative Olfactory Dysfunction and COVID-19: An Evidence-Based Review with Recommendations for the Clinician
Authors: Gary Joseph B. , Gallagher Liam , Joseph Paule V. , Reed Danielle , Gudis David A. , Overdevest Jonathan B.
Published: August 2022

Background

Nearly 40% of patients who experience smell loss during SARS-CoV-2 infection may develop qualitative olfactory dysfunction, most commonly parosmia. Our evidence-based review summarizes the evolving literature and offers recommendations for the clinician on the management of patients experiencing parosmia associated with COVID-19.

Methods

We performed a systematic search using independent queries in PubMed, Embase, Ovid, and Cochrane databases, then categorized articles according to themes that emerged regarding epidemiology, effect on quality of life, disease progression, prognosis, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of parosmia.

Results

We identified 123 unique references meeting eligibility and performed title and abstract review with 2 independent reviewers, with 74 articles undergoing full-text review. An inductive approach to thematic development provided 7 central themes regarding qualitative olfactory dysfunction following COVID-19.

Conclusions

While other respiratory viruses are known to cause qualitative olfactory disturbances, the incidence of parosmia following COVID-19 is notable, and correlates negatively with age. The presence of parosmia predicts persistent quantitative olfactory dysfunction. Onset can occur months after infection, and symptoms may persist for well over 7 months. Affected patients report increased anxiety and decreased quality of life. Structured olfactory training with essential oils is the preferred treatment, where parosmia predicts recovery of aspects of quantitative smell loss when undergoing training. There is limited evidence that nasal corticosteroids may accelerate recovery of olfactory function. Patients should be prepared for the possibility that symptoms may persist for years, and providers should guide them to resources for coping with their psychosocial burden.
Minimum infective dose of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 based on the current evidence: A systematic review
Authors: SeyedAlinaghi SeyedAhmad , Karimi Amirali , Mojdeganlou Hengameh , Pashaei Zahra , Mirzapour Pegah , Shamsabadi Ahmadreza , Barzegary Alireza , Afroughi Fatemeh , Dehghani Soheil , Janfaza Nazanin , Fakhfouri Amirata , Khodaei Sepideh , Mehraeen Esmaeil , Dadras Omid
Published: August 2022

Objective:

Understanding the minimum infective dose is significant for risk assessment in the performance of suitable infection control strategies in healthcare centers. However, the literature lacks strong evidence regarding this value for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the minimum infectious dose of coronavirus disease 2019.

Methods:

We searched the databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane and retrieved all the relevant literature by 25 July 2021. The records were downloaded into the EndNote software and underwent title/abstract and full-text screenings. A summary of included studies was organized into tables for further analysis, interpretation, and drafting of the results.

Results:

Nineteen studies including the laboratory data on human and animal hosts were selected based on the eligibility criteria. All the literature reported on the infective dose, particularly in humans. The main methods for measurement of infection were through tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) and counting plaque-forming units. The range of minimum infective was 1.26–7 × 106.25 PFU.

Conclusion:

In this study, we have presented a range of minimum infective doses in humans and various animal species. Such numbers can possibly vary between the individuals based on numerous demographic, immunologic, or other factors.
Branded Dreams, Boss Babes: Influencer Retreats and the Cultural Logics of the Influencer Para-Industry
Authors: Edwards Sarah
Published: August 2022

This article critically examines influencer retreats as important sites of industrialization within the social media entertainment industry. Using Pangea Dreams as a case study and drawing on industrial discourses and textual artifacts, including interviews, popular press articles, and social media posts, I argue that influencer retreats constitute sites where assumptions about modes of production, labor, and content are produced and circulated, passing industry lore and knowledge onto those aspiring to break into the scene. Positioning influencer retreats as part of a growing influencer para-industry, I argue that these sites deserve consideration and critical examination as part of the extra-textual field and organizational structure surrounding the rapidly formalizing social media entertainment industry. This research provides insights into processes of industrialization in the social media entertainment industry and its growing para-industry, as well as a critical examination of the ways in which influencer retreats both reflect and reproduce social inequalities and hierarchies within the industry.
Two different models of pedagogy: Rethinking teachers’ pedagogy competency in Christian religious education
Authors: Anselmus Dami Zummy , Butarbutar Marlon , Kusradi Sri Wahyuni
Published: August 2022

This research aimed to analyze the differences between two models of pedagogy. The research method used is content analysis. Results showed a significant difference between neoliberal pedagogy and the pedagogy of shalom. The aspects of difference were the purpose of Christian religious education (CRE), the content of CRE, the target of CRE, the method of CRE, the role of CRE teachers, and students’ dispositions and competencies.
Neuromyelitis Optica in a Young Woman With Tuberous Sclerosis: Is There an Association?
Authors: Elkhooly Mahmoud , Rube Jacob , Srivastava Samiksha , Sriwastava Shitiz , Lisak Robert , Bernitsas Evanthia
Published: August 2022

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic neurocutaneous disorder that presents with multi-organ involvement, including but not limited to hamartomas in the brain, eyes, heart, lung, liver, kidney, and skin. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an inflammatory, autoimmune, demyelinating, central nervous system disorder, targeting the optic nerves and spinal cord. We report a 30-year-old woman with TSC who developed tingling in the legs that gradually involved her abdomen. Additional symptoms included severe vomiting that lasted for a week and spasms in her legs. One month later, she was hospitalized due to difficulty ambulating and tingling in her hands. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of her spine showed longitudinally extensive upper cervical and lower thoracic cord signal changes. MRI scan of her brain showed few non-specific T2 signal changes along with cortical and subcortical tubers. Aquaporin (AQP4) IgG antibody was found to be positive in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Accordingly, she was diagnosed with NMOSD, treated with a 5-day course of intravenous steroids, followed by 5 sessions of plasma exchange. After her initial improvement, she was started on rituximab as maintenance therapy. Two years later, she is clinically stable, and her follow-up MRI showed marked improvement.
Biomechanical Comparison of a Novel Multiplanar, Perpendicular Whipstitch With the Krackow Stitch and Standard Commercial Whipstitch
Authors: Muscatelli Stefano , Walley Kempland C. , Daly-Seiler Conor S. , Greenstein Joseph A. , Sciascia Aaron , Patterson David P. , Freehill Michael T.
Published: August 2022

Background:

Using alternating orthogonal suture throws with the looped whipstitch technique may allow enhanced suture fixation.

Hypothesis:

It was hypothesized that this novel multiplanar, perpendicular looped whipstitch (MP) technique would have improved biomechanical properties compared with the standard looped whipstitch (WS) and Krackow stitch (KS).

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A total of 30 cadaveric tibialis anterior tendons were randomly assigned into 3 groups of 10. Tendons were secured to a custom clamp, and the other end was sutured using 1 of 3 techniques: the KS, WS, or novel MP. The MP was performed with alternating orthogonal throws starting right to left, then front to back, left to right, and back to front. Each technique used 4 passes of No. 2 FiberWire spaced 5 mm apart and ending 10 mm from the tendon end. Tendons were preloaded to 5 N, pretensioned to 50 N at 100 mm/min for 3 cycles, returned to 5 N for 1 minute, cycled from 5 to 100 N at 200 mm/min for 100 cycles, and then loaded to failure at 20 mm/min. Elongation was recorded after pretensioning and cycling and was measured both across the suture-tendon interface and from the base of the suture-tendon interface to markings on the suture limbs (construct elongation). One-way analyses of variance were performed, with Bonferroni post hoc analysis when appropriate.

Results:

There were no differences in cross-sectional area or stiffness among the 3 techniques. The ultimate load for WS (183.33 ± 57.44 N) was less compared with both MP (270.76 ± 39.36 N) and KS (298.90 ± 25.94 N) ( P ≤ .001 for both). There was less construct elongation for KS compared with WS and MP for total displacement, measured from pretensioning to the end of cycling ( P < .001). All 3 techniques saw a decrease in length (shortening) at the suture-tendon interface during testing. There was more shortening at the suture-tendon interface for WS compared with KS ( P = .006).

Conclusion:

The KS appears superior, as it maximized strength while minimizing construct elongation or graft shortening. The ultimate load of the MP technique was greater than that of the standard technique but not significantly different from that of the KS technique.

Clinical Relevance:

The KS is preferred. If using a WS, multiplanar, perpendicular passes should be considered.
Is the VISA-A Still Seaworthy, or Is It in Need of Maintenance?
Authors: Sigurðsson Haraldur B. , Grävare Silbernagel Karin
Published: August 2022

Background:

The Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment–Achilles (VISA-A) questionnaire is validated and widely used in Achilles tendinopathy. How well it can evaluate treatment outcomes is not well understood.

Purpose:

To evaluate the responsiveness of the VISA-A in midportion Achilles tendinopathy and compare it with other patient-reported outcome measures.

Study Design:

Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Enrolled were 97 participants with clinically diagnosed Achilles tendinopathy (median age, 50 years [interquartile range, 18 years]; symptom duration, 10 months [interquartile range, 28.7 months). The participants underwent a baseline evaluation and completed between 1 and 6 follow-up evaluations at 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, and/or 48 weeks. Participants completed the VISA-A, the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System short form Version 2.0 (PROMIS) Physical Function and Pain Interference subscales, and the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK). Three thresholds were evaluated with a receiver operating characteristic analysis (minimal clinically important difference [MCID], substantial benefit [SB], and complete recovery [CR]) using an 11-point global rating of change scale as an anchor. Thresholds were evaluated on raw scores as well as changes from baseline.

Results:

The VISA-A was able to detect all 3 thresholds for changes over time, with raw scores >70.5, >77.5, and >89.5 representing the MCID, SB, and CR, respectively; thresholds for changes from baseline on the VISA-A were increases of 23.5, 19.5, and 37.5 points from baseline, respectively. The PROMIS subscale raw scores had identical thresholds for SB and CR (52.45 for Physical Function and 45.6 for Pain Interference). A score <34.5 on the TSK was the threshold for SB.

Conclusion:

The VISA-A was the most responsive outcome measure evaluated. Raw scores had increasingly higher thresholds for the MCID, SB, and CR, which were therefore logically consistent.
COVID-19 and Gender Differences in Social Trust: Causal Evidence from the First Wave of the Pandemic
Authors: Collischon Matthias , Patzina Alexander
Published: August 2022

Although research provides causal evidence on the effects of COVID-19 lockdown measures on trust, causal effects of infection risks are missing. To contribute to increasing research on the societal consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, we estimate whether high incidence rates net of lockdown measures induce causal changes in social trust. We use representative household panel data from Germany and employ a difference-in-difference design. Although social trust increased during the first phase of the pandemic, the difference-in-difference analysis reveals that high incidences have a negative effect on social trust. We show that females drive this effect. The negative effect is especially large among highly educated women and women with poor pre-COVID-19 health. Overall, our results suggest that increasing incidences signal noncompliance of unknown others. Consequently, the overall positive trend might reverse in the medium and long run, leading to declines in social cohesion over the course of the pandemic.
A Distributed Model of Face and Body Integration
Authors: Foster Celia
Published: August 2022

Separated face- and body-responsive brain networks have been identified that show strong responses when observers view faces and bodies. It has been proposed that face and body processing may be initially separated in the lateral occipitotemporal cortex and then combined into a whole person representation in the anterior temporal cortex, or elsewhere in the brain. However, in contrast to this proposal, our recent study identified a common coding of face and body orientation (ie, facing direction) in the lateral occipitotemporal cortex, demonstrating an integration of face and body information at an early stage of face and body processing. These results, in combination with findings that show integration of face and body identity in the lateral occipitotemporal, parahippocampal and superior parietal cortex, and face and body emotional expression in the posterior superior temporal sulcus and medial prefrontal cortex, suggest that face and body integration may be more distributed than previously considered. I propose a new model of face and body integration, where areas at the intersection of face- and body-responsive regions play a role in integrating specific properties of faces and bodies, and distributed regions across the brain contribute to high-level, abstract integration of shared face and body properties.
Horizontal methodologies in community interpreting studies: Conducting research with Latin American service users in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Marianacci Agustina
Published: August 2022

Community interpreting norms and research have been heavily influenced by a Western-centric community of practitioners and an individualist, positivist philosophy. This has resulted not only in an entrenched emphasis on professional interpreters’ detachment, neutrality, and invisibility but also in research which often ignores interpreting service users from culturally and linguistically diverse communities. This article addresses the complexity of operationalising horizontal methodologies during interpreting research in an effort to centre marginalised voices and epistemologies. The study involved a research project conducted with the Latin American community in Aotearoa New Zealand, employing horizontal one-on-one and group dialogues to assess interpreting service users’ views on allyship and social justice in spoken-language community interpreting. In this article, horizontal methodologies are presented as a culturally affirming way for Latin American service users to co-produce knowledge, and for Latin American researchers to engage with their own identity, recognise their impact on society, and challenge colonial research practices and interpreting norms.
Aberrant MYCN expression drives oncogenic hijacking of EZH2 as a transcriptional activator in peripheral T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Vanden Bempt Marlies , Debackere Koen , Demeyer Sofie , Van Thillo Quentin , Meeuws Nienke , Prieto Cristina , Provost Sarah , Mentens Nicole , Jacobs Kris , Gielen Olga , Nittner David , Ogawa Seishi , Kataoka Keisuke , Graux Carlos , Tousseyn Thomas , Cools Jan , Dierickx Daan
Published: August 2022

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is a heterogeneous group of hematological cancers arising from the malignant transformation of mature T cells. In a cohort of 28 PTCL cases, we identified recurrent overexpression of MYCN, a member of the MYC family of oncogenic transcription factors. Approximately half of all PTCL cases was characterized by a MYC expression signature. Inducible expression of MYCN in lymphoid cells in a mouse model caused T-cell lymphoma that recapitulated human PTCL with an MYC expression signature. Integration of mouse and human expression data identified EZH2 as a key downstream target of MYCN. Remarkably, EZH2 was found to be an essential cofactor for the transcriptional activation of the MYCN-driven gene expression program, which was independent of methyltransferase activity but dependent on phosphorylation by CDK1. MYCN-driven T-cell lymphoma was sensitive to EZH2 degradation or CDK1 inhibition, which displayed synergy with US Food and Drug Administration–approved histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors.
Tubular epithelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles induce macrophage glycolysis by stabilizing HIF-1α in diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Jia Yijie , Chen Jiaqi , Zheng Zhikang , Tao Yuan , Zhang Shuting , Zou Meina , Yang Yanlin , Xue Meng , Hu Fang , Li Yang , Zhang Qian , Xue Yaoming , Zheng Zongji
Published: August 2022

Background

Albuminuria is a hallmark of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) that promotes its progression, leading to renal fibrosis. Renal macrophage function is complex and influenced by macrophage metabolic status. However, the metabolic state of diabetic renal macrophages and the impact of albuminuria on the macrophage metabolic state are poorly understood.

Methods

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) were evaluated using transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and western blotting. Glycolytic enzyme expression in macrophages co-cultured with HSA-treated HK-2 cell-derived EVs was detected using RT-qPCR and western blotting. The potential role of EV-associated HIF-1α in the mediation of glycolysis was explored in HIF-1α siRNA pre-transfected macrophages co-cultured with HSA-treated HK-2 cell-derived EVs, and the extent of HIF-1α hydroxylation was measured using western blotting. Additionally, we injected db/db mice with EVs via the caudal vein twice a week for 4 weeks. Renal macrophages were isolated using CD11b microbeads, and immunohistofluorescence was applied to confirm the levels of glycolytic enzymes and HIF-1α in these macrophages.

Results

Glycolysis was activated in diabetic renal macrophages after co-culture with HSA-treated HK-2 cells. Moreover, HSA-treated HK-2 cell-derived EVs promoted macrophage glycolysis both in vivo and in vitro. Inhibition of glycolysis activation in macrophages using the glycolysis inhibitor 2-DG decreased the expression of both inflammatory and fibrotic genes. Mechanistically, EVs from HSA-stimulated HK-2 cells were found to accelerate macrophage glycolysis by stabilizing HIF-1α. We also found that several miRNAs and lncRNAs, which have been reported to stabilize HIF-1α expression, were increased in HSA-treated HK-2 cell-derived EVs.

Conclusion

Our study suggested that albuminuria induced renal macrophage glycolysis through tubular epithelial cell-derived EVs by stabilizing HIF-1α, indicating that regulation of macrophage glycolysis may offer a new treatment strategy for DKD patients, especially those with macroalbuminuria.
Self-induced intravesical foreign body leading to bladder stone and renal failure: a case report
Authors: Jamil Salman , Adnan Muhammad , Muzammil Muhammad
Published: August 2022

Background

Intravesical foreign bodies leading to bladder stone and renal insufficiency are rarely reported in literature.

Case presentation

We report a case of 18-year-old male who presented with renal insufficiency due to bladder outlet obstruction caused by bladder stone formed over electric wire that was self-inserted 1 year ago. We present the symptoms, imaging, diagnosis and treatment of unique complications due to self-insertion of intravesical foreign body. We performed the open vesicolithotomy uneventfully and patient sent for psychiatric evaluation. Our patient’s case was unique for several reasons i.e., inserted foreign body was electric wire, symptoms duration was not very long and it resulted in life threatening complication of renal failure.

Conclusion

There should be high index of suspicion in young patients with bladder foreign bodies presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms.
Management of agricultural waste biomass as raw material for the construction sector: an analysis of sustainable and circular alternatives
Authors: Duque-Acevedo Mónica , Lancellotti Isabella , Andreola Fernanda , Barbieri Luisa , Belmonte-Ureña Luis J. , Camacho-Ferre Francisco
Published: August 2022

Background

The agricultural and construction sectors demand enormous amounts of natural resources and generate environmental impacts that negatively affect ecosystems. One of the main problems is the generation and inadequate management of waste. For this reason, under the approaches of the new sustainable and circular models, waste valorization has been prioritised as a strategy for advancing towards the sustainability of production systems. This research aims to carry out a general analysis of Agricultural Waste Biomass (AWB) in the production of bio-based products for the construction sector. Bibliometric techniques were applied for the general analysis of the scientific production obtained from Scopus. A systematic review identified the main research approaches. In addition, European projects were reviewed to assess the practical application. This study is novel and provides relevant contributions to new trends in the valorisation of AWB in the building sector and the sustainability benefits. For policymakers, it is a source of information on the contribution of new policies to scientific advances and the aspects that need to be strengthened to improve sustainable and circular practices in both sectors.

Results

The results show that 74% of the research has been published within the last 5 years. Regarding the main types of AWBs, rice husk ash and sugar cane bagasse ash are the most commonly used in manufacturing a wide variety of bio-based building products. Cement, concrete and bricks are the main bio-based products obtained from AWB. However, a new approach to utilisation was identified in road construction.

Conclusions

The findings indicate that the AWB is an important resource with great potential for the construction sector. Similarly, that policies on sustainable and circular development have driven scientific progress on new alternatives for the valorisation of AWB to improve sustainability in the construction sector. Although the practical application has also been driven through European projects, development at this level is still low. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen partnerships between these two sectors and improve government strategies on sustainability and circularity to overcome existing constraints.
Effect of ice water injection toward the duodenal papilla for preventing post-ERCP pancreatitis: study protocol for a multicenter, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial (EUTOPIA study)
Authors: Azuma Shunjiro , Kurita Akira , Yoshimura Kenichi , Matsumori Tomoaki , Kobayashi Yosuke , Yane Kei , Inatomi Osamu , Sawada Kenji , Harada Ryo , Yazumi Shujiro
Published: August 2022

Background

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an essential procedure in the diagnosis and treatment of biliopancreatic diseases. The most common adverse event of ERCP is post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP), which can sometimes be severe. Our previous study suggested that injecting ice water at the end of ERCP suppressed PEP, and we decided to investigate this effect in a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Methods

This study is being conducted at eight hospitals in Japan starting in April 2022. Patients undergoing ERCP will be randomized to ice water group and control group. In the ice water group, 250 ml of ice water is injected toward the papilla at the end of ERCP. The next morning, a physical examination and blood tests are performed to evaluate for the development of pancreatitis. The goal is to have 440 cases in each group.

Discussion

The main cause of PEP is thought to be papilla edema. Cooling the papilla, as everyone naturally does at the time of a burn, is expected to prevent its inflammation and edema. Various methods to suppress PEP have been reported, but so far none of them are reliable. The method we have devised is very simple, easy, and safe. We hope that our study will change the world's ERCP common practice.

Trial registration:UMIN000047528. Registered 20 April 2022, https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000053209
Level-specific associations of urinary antimony with cognitive function in US older adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2014
Authors: Wang Xiangdong , Wang Rui , Zhang Zeyao , Luo Chao , Zhao Zixuan , Ruan Junpu , Huang Rongrong , Zhang Hongbing , Wu Qiyun , Yu Shali , Tang Juan , Zhao Xinyuan
Published: August 2022

Background

We have looked at antimony (Sb) as a new neurotoxin which causes neuronal apoptosis in animal studies. At the population level, however, there is no direct evidence for a relationship between Sb exposure and cognitive performance.

Method

The study comprehensively assessed the correlation between urinary antimony levels and cognitive test scores in 631 creatinine-corrected older persons using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2014.

Results

Using logistic regression, the study looked at the prevalence of cognitive impairment at different levels of urine antimony concentrations and found that, after controlling for covariates, higher doses of urinary antimony were positively associated with cognitive function compared to controls, odds ratio (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were 0.409 (0.185–0.906) and 0.402 (0.186–0.871) respectively. Restricted cubic spline curves showed a non-linear and dose-specific correlation between urinary antimony and cognitive performance, with lower doses associated with better cognitive performance, while higher doses may be associated with cognitive impairment.

Conclusions

Our data provide evidence for a correlation between Sb and cognitive function at the population level, although the specific mechanisms need to be investigated further.
Community engagement in kidney research: Guatemalan experience
Authors: Aguilar-González Angie , Lou-Meda Randall , Chocó-Cedillos André , Moist Louise
Published: August 2022

Background

Community engagement is essential for effective research when addressing issues important to both the community and researchers. Despite its effectiveness, there is limited published evidence concerning the evaluation of community engagement in research projects, especially in the area of nephrology.

Methods

We developed a community engagement program in Guatemala to address the role of hydration in chronic kidney disease of unknown origin, using five key engagement principles: 1. Local relevance and determinants of health. 2. Acknowledgment of the community. 3. Dissemination of findings and knowledge gained to all partners. 4. Usage of community partners’ input. 5. Involvement of a cyclical and iterative process in the pursuit of goals. The effectiveness of community engagement was measured by a structured questionnaire on a 5-point likert scale. This measure determined how well and how often the research team adhered to the five engagement principles. We assessed internal consistency for each set of the engagement items through Omega coefficient.

Results

Sixty-two community leaders completed the questionnaire. Seventy-five percent were female, with a mean age of 37 years. All 5 engagement principles scored highly on the 5-point likert scale. Every item set corresponding to an engagement principles evaluation had a Omega coefficient > 0.80, indicating a firm internal consistency for all question groups on both qualitative and quantitative scales.

Conclusion

Engagement of the community in the kidney research provides sustainability of the efforts and facilitates the achievements of the goals. Community leaders and researchers became a team and develop a relationship in which commitment and empowerment facilitated the participation in all aspects of the research process. This initiative could be a useful tool for researchers, especially in low-middle income countries, to start research in a community, achieve objectives in a viable form, and open opportunities to further studies.
Primary large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system with positive NMDAR antibody: a case report
Authors: Li Xiaoling , Sun Mengjiao , Liu Wei , Liu Ning , Yuan Boyao , Su Xiaolu
Published: August 2022

Background

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is an ionotropic glutamate (Glu) receptor that is widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), mainly in the hippocampus. We present a case in which the patient had atypical clinical manifestations and was positive for anti-NMDAR antibodies.

Case presentation

A 40-year-old male was admitted to the hospital with “dizziness and double vision for 2 months”. At admission, the patient was lethargic, had short-term memory loss, exhibited loss of orientation (time, place, and person) and calculation ability, and had limited left eye abduction. After admission, serum anti- NMDAR antibody was 1:32, and cerebrospinal fluid was 1:1. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed diffuse abnormal signals in the bilateral basal ganglia, thalamus, brainstem, hippocampus, and temporal lobe, with patchy and heterogeneous enhancement. A stereotactic brain biopsy was performed, and the pathological results indicated normal brain tissue. Preliminary diagnosis suggested anti-NMDAR antibody encephalitis. The patient was treated with methylprednisolone combined with intravenous gamma globulin; the symptoms were alleviated, and the patient was discharged. Two months later, the patient’s symptoms worsened, and a second stereotactic brain biopsy was performed. The pathological results showed that the patient had primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the CNS, and the patient was transferred to the Department of Hematology and received chemotherapy combined with rituximab. The patient was in stable condition.

Conclusions

When the primary CNS diffuses large B-cell lymphoma is associated with autoimmune encephalitis, it is very easy to be misdiagnosed. The diagnosis should not be based on the pathological examination that was performed in the early stage of the disease. Therefore, in the diagnosis of immune diseases caused by nervous system infections, it is necessary to dynamically observe the evolution of the disease, perform differential diagnoses when necessary, and ultimately improve our understanding of the disease.
Machine learning for the micropeptide encoded by LINC02381 regulates ferroptosis through the glucose transporter SLC2A10 in glioblastoma
Authors: Jiang Lan , Yang Jianke , Xu Qiancheng , Lv Kun , Cao Yunpeng
Published: August 2022

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary intracranial tumor in the central nervous system, and resistance to temozolomide is an important reason for the failure of GBM treatment. We screened out that Solute Carrier Family 2 Member 10 (SLC2A10) is significantly highly expressed in GBM with a poor prognosis, which is also enriched in the NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2) signalling pathway. The NRF2 signalling pathway is an important defence mechanism against ferroptosis. SLC2A10 related LINC02381 is highly expressed in GBM, which is localized in the cytoplasm/exosomes, and LINC02381 encoded micropeptides are localized in the exosomes. The micropeptide encoded by LINC02381 may be a potential treatment strategy for GBM, but the underlying mechanism of its function is not precise yet. We put forward the hypothesis: “The micropeptide encoded by LINC02381 regulates ferroptosis through the glucose transporter SLC2A10 in GBM.” This study innovatively used machine learning for micropeptide to provide personalized diagnosis and treatment plans for precise treatment of GBM, thereby promoting the development of translational medicine. The study aimed to help find new disease diagnoses and prognostic biomarkers and provide a new strategy for experimental scientists to design the downstream validation experiments.
Can a serious game-based cognitive training attenuate cognitive decline related to Alzheimer’s disease? Protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Brill Esther , Krebs Christine , Falkner Michael , Peter Jessica , Henke Katharina , Züst Marc , Minkova Lora , Brem Anna-Katharine , Klöppel Stefan
Published: August 2022

Background

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major public health issue. Cognitive interventions such as computerized cognitive trainings (CCT) are effective in attenuating cognitive decline in AD. However, in those at risk of dementia related to AD, results are heterogeneous. Efficacy and feasibility of CCT needs to be explored in depth. Moreover, underlying mechanisms of CCT effects on the three cognitive domains typically affected by AD (episodic memory, semantic memory and spatial abilities) remain poorly understood.

Methods

In this bi-centric, randomized controlled trial (RCT) with parallel groups, participants (planned N = 162, aged 60–85 years) at risk for AD and with at least subjective cognitive decline will be randomized to one of three groups. We will compare serious game-based CCT against a passive wait list control condition and an active control condition (watching documentaries). Training will consist of daily at-home sessions for 10 weeks (50 sessions) and weekly on-site group meetings. Subsequently, the CCT group will continue at-home training for an additional twenty-weeks including monthly on-site booster sessions. Investigators conducting the cognitive assessments will be blinded. Group leaders will be aware of participants’ group allocations. Primarily, we will evaluate change using a compound value derived from the comprehensive cognitive assessment for each of three cognitive domains. Secondary, longitudinal functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and evaluation of blood-based biomarkers will serve to investigate neuronal underpinnings of expected training benefits.

Discussion

The present study will address several shortcomings of previous CCT studies. This entails a comparison of serious game-based CCT with both a passive and an active control condition while including social elements crucial for training success and adherence, the combination of at-home and on-site training, inclusion of booster sessions and assessment of physiological markers. Study outcomes will provide information on feasibility and efficacy of serious game-based CCT in older adults at risk for AD and will potentially generalize to treatment guidelines. Moreover, we set out to investigate physiological underpinnings of CCT induced neuronal changes to form the grounds for future individually tailored interventions and neuro-biologically informed trainings.

Trial registration

This RCT was registered 1st of July 2020 at clinicaltrials.gov (Identifier NCT04452864).
Severe mental illness, common mental disorders, and neurodevelopmental conditions amongst 9088 lower court attendees in London, UK
Authors: Chaplin Eddie , McCarthy Jane , Ali Salma , Marshall-Tate Karina , Xenitidis Kiriakos , Harvey Denise , Childs Jessica , Srivastava Samir , McKinnon Iain , Robinson Louise , Allely Clare S. , Hardy Sally , Tolchard Barry , Forrester Andrew
Published: August 2022

Background

Court Mental Health Liaison and Diversion Services (CMHLDS) have developed in some countries as a response to the over-representation of mental illness and other vulnerabilities amongst defendants presenting to criminal justice (or correctional) systems. This study examined the characteristics and rates of mental disorder of 9088 defendants referred to CMHLDS.

Method

The study analysed service level data, obtained from the National Health Service’s mental health data set, to examine characteristics relating to gender, ethnicity and comorbidity of common mental and neurodevelopmental disorders at five CMHLDS across London between September 2015 and April 2017.

Results

The sample included 7186 males (79.1%) and 1719 females (18.9%), the gender of 183 (2%) were not recorded. Of those referred, 6616 (72.8%) presented with an identifiable mental disorder and 503 (5.5%) with a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD). Significantly higher rates of schizophrenia were reported amongst Black defendants (n = 681; 37.2%) and Asian defendants (n = 315; 29%), while higher rates of depression were found amongst White defendants (n = 1007; 22.1%). Substance misuse was reported amongst 2813 defendants (31%), and alcohol misuse amongst 2111 (23.2%), with significantly high rates of substance and alcohol misuse amongst defendants presenting with schizophrenia or personality disorder.

Conclusions

This is one of the largest studies to examine mental health needs and vulnerabilities amongst defendants presenting to CMHLDS. It will enable an improved understanding of the required service designs and resources required to manage the healthcare pathways for people attending CMHLDS.