bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Routine Outreach and Catch-Up Campaign Strategies for Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccination in Chuuk, Federated States of Micronesia
Authors: Meghani Mehreen , Pike Jamison , Tippins Ashley , Leidner Andrew J.
Published: June 2024

Objective:

The Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) experience periodic outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases. Our objective was to assess the cost-effectiveness of routine outreach and catch-up campaign strategies for increasing vaccination coverage for the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine among children aged 12 months through 6 years in Chuuk, FSM.

Methods:

We used a cost-effectiveness model to assess 4 MMR vaccination strategies from a public health perspective: routine outreach conducted 4 times per year (quarterly routine outreach), routine outreach conducted 2 times per year (biannual routine outreach), catch-up campaigns conducted once per year (annual catch-up campaign), and catch-up campaigns conducted every 2 years with quarterly routine outreach in non–catch-up campaign years (status quo). We calculated costs and outcomes during a 5-year model horizon and summarized results as incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. We analyzed the following public health outcomes: additional protected person-month (PPM), doses administered and protected people (ie, a child who completed a 2-dose MMR series). We conducted 1-way sensitivity analyses to evaluate the stability of incremental cost-effectiveness ratios and to identify influential model inputs.

Results:

Among the 4 MMR vaccination strategies, quarterly routine outreach was the most effective and most expensive strategy, and biannual routine outreach was the least expensive and least effective strategy. Quarterly routine outreach (vs status quo) yielded approximately an additional 7001 PPMs and 132 vaccine doses administered, with incremental costs of about $4 per PPM, $193 per dose administered, and $123 per protected person.

Conclusion:

Routine outreach and catch-up campaign vaccination strategies can be important interventions to improve health in Chuuk, FSM. More frequent routine outreach events could improve MMR coverage and reduce the likelihood of outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases such as measles and mumps.
A Solidarity Mechanism to Allocate Stored Natural Gas in Crisis
Authors: Csercsik Dávid , Neumann Anne
Published: June 2024

The interruption of natural gas flows via pipeline to Europe in 2022 has demonstrated that supply crises pose a threat. Although member states have demonstrated unity and solidarity, they could be better prepared to respond to such challenges. Currently, member states fill their natural gas storages independently. Cooperation and solidarity could deliver better outcomes by allowing the accumulated reserves of one or more members to be potentially redistributed to help others in need. In this paper we propose some possible guidelines for a potential solidarity framework based on voluntary participation. We argue that the proposed framework can mitigate the risk of supply-disruption of participants and formalize a game-theoretic model in order to capture the basic features of the problem. We demonstrate the operation of the approach using a simple example with risk-averse participants.

JEL Classification: C51, C63, C72, L95, Q40
The more useful, the more close: Instrumental deliberation boosts closeness with non-close others
Authors: Wang Jingyan , Zhang Hong , Cui Ruoyin
Published: June 2024

Three studies examined whether contemplating the usefulness that non-close and close others may provide for one’s personal goals would promote or hinder interpersonal closeness. The results consistently demonstrated that such instrumental deliberation increased people’s closeness with distant others (Studies 1–3); and the effect lasted until the next day (Study 2). For close others, however, the evidence was weaker. Moreover, perceived instrumentality, as a product of such elaboration, was more strongly related to the increase in closeness with non-close than with close others. Study 3 further showed that instrumental deliberation enhanced humanness perceptions of non-close others and reduced unethical behavior towards them. We discussed the potential implications of these findings for the understanding of instrumentality, objectification and interpersonal relationships.
The novel ROCK2 selective inhibitor NRL-1049 preserves the blood-brain barrier after acute injury
Authors: Mulder Inge A , Abbinanti Matt , Woller Sarah A , Ruschel Joerg , Coutinho Jonathan M , de Vries Helga E , van Bavel Ed , Rosen Kenneth , McKerracher Lisa , Ayata Cenk
Published: June 2024

Endothelial blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is critical in the pathophysiology of brain injury. Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) activation disrupts BBB integrity in the injured brain. We aimed to test the efficacy of a novel ROCK2 inhibitor in preserving the BBB after acute brain injury. We characterized the molecular structure and pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of a novel selective ROCK2 inhibitor, NRL-1049, and its first metabolite, 1-hydroxy-NRL-1049 (referred to as NRL-2017 hereon) and tested the efficacy of NRL-1049 on the BBB integrity in rodent models of acute brain injury. Our data show that NRL-1049 and NRL-2017 both inhibit ROCK activity and are 44-fold and 17-fold more selective towards ROCK2 than ROCK1, respectively. When tested in a mouse model of cortical cryoinjury, NRL-1049 significantly attenuated the increase in water content. Interestingly, 60% of the mice in the vehicle arm developed seizures within 2 hours after cryoinjury versus none in the NRL-1049 arm. In spontaneously hypertensive rats, NRL-1049 attenuated the dramatic surge in Evans Blue extravasation compared with the vehicle arm after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Hemorrhagic transformation was also reduced. We show that NRL-1049, a selective ROCK2 inhibitor, is a promising drug candidate to preserve the BBB after brain injury.
Exploring the relationship between hemodynamics and the immune microenvironment in carotid atherosclerosis: Insights from CFD and CyTOF technologies
Authors: Ya Xiaolong , Ma Long , Li Hao , Ge Peicong , Zheng Zhiyao , Mou Siqi , Liu Chenglong , Zhang Yan , Wang Rong , Zhang Qian , Ye Xun , Zhang Dong , Zhao Jizong
Published: June 2024

Carotid atherosclerosis is a major cause of stroke. Hemodynamic forces, such as shear stress and oscillatory shear, play an important role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. The alteration of the immune microenvironment is the fundamental pathological mechanism by which diverse external environmental factors impact the formation and progression of plaques. However, Current research on the relationship between hemodynamics and immunity in atherosclerosis still lack of comprehensive understanding. In this study, we combined computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and Mass cytometry (CyTOF) technologies to explore the changes in the immune microenvironment within plaques under different hemodynamic conditions. Our results indicated that neutrophils were enriched in adverse flow environments. M2-like CD163+CD86+ macrophages were predominantly enriched in high WSS and low OSI environments, while CD163-CD14+ macrophages were enriched in low WSS and high OSI environments. Functional analysis further revealed T cell pro-inflammatory activation and dysregulation in modulation, along with an imbalance in M1-like/M2-like macrophages, suggesting their potential involvement in the progression of atherosclerotic lesions mediated by adverse flow patterns. Our study elucidated the potential mechanisms by which hemodynamics regulated the immune microenvironment within plaques, providing intervention targets for future precision therapies.
“Drink, be drunk and vomit, fall and rise no more”: Understanding the image of the cup of God’s wrath in Jeremiah 25 in light of the Mesopotamian anti-witchcraft tradition
Authors: Conti Cristiana
Published: June 2024

The apocalyptic vision of God commanding his prophet to serve the leaders of Judah the cup of his divine wrath in Jeremiah 25.15–17 and 27–28 has sparked heated theological debate. Multiple interpretations have been proposed based on intra-biblical analyses. This imagery, however, has never been compared to extra-biblical material. For example, a 7th-century BCE Assyrian incantation prayer for the patient’s social reintegration attributes his vomiting and staggering to a poisoned drink and diagnoses his curse as the result of his gods’ wrath. The depiction of the cup of God’s wrath in Jeremiah 25 may have drawn upon the Mesopotamian anti-witchcraft tradition to portray Yahweh as an exorcist who counter-curses his people. By compelling the leaders and the people of Judah to consume the same poisonous elixir, presented symbolically as the poisonous speech they had recklessly spread throughout the land, Yahweh causes his people to disgorge their internal toxicity.
Ondansetron or beta-sitosterol antagonizes inflammatory responses in liver, kidney, lung and heart tissues of irradiated arthritic rats model
Authors: Maarouf Rokaya E , Abdel-Rafei Mohamed K , Thabet Noura M , Azab Khaled S , Rashed Laila , El Bakary Nermeen M
Published: June 2024

Background

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder mainly affecting joints, yet the systemic inflammation can influence other organs and tissues. The objective of this study was to unravel the ameliorative capability of Ondansetron (O) or β-sitosterol (BS) against inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress that complicates Extra-articular manifestations (EAM) in liver, kidney, lung, and heart of arthritic and arthritic irradiated rats.

Methods

This was accomplished by exposing adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rats to successive weekly fractions of total body γ-irradiation (2 Gray (Gy)/fraction once per week for four weeks, up to a total dose of 8 Gy). Arthritic and/or arthritic irradiated rats were either treated with BS (40 mg/kg b.wt. /day, orally) or O (2 mg/kg) was given ip) or were kept untreated as model groups.

Results

Body weight changes, paw circumference, oxidative stress indices, inflammatory response biomarkers, expression of Janus kinase-2 (JAK-2), Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), high mobility group box1 (HMGB1), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), as well as pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in the target organs, besides histopathological examination of ankle joints and extra-articular tissues. Treatment of arthritic and/or arthritic irradiated rats with BS or O powerfully alleviated changes in body weight gain, paw swelling, oxidative stress, inflammatory reactions, and histopathological degenerative alterations in articular and non-articular tissues.

Conclusion

The obtained data imply that BS or O improved the articular and EAM by regulating oxidative and inflammatory indices in arthritic and arthritic irradiated rats.
Infrared light responsive shape memory tracheal stent based on TPU6/PCL4/PANI composites
Authors: Wang Yanmei , Wang Yanen , Wang Xinfeng , Mushtaq Ray Tahir , Li Chuanyang , Wei Qinghua
Published: June 2024

3D printed tracheal stent based on light-responsive shape memory composites (SMC) has a good application prospect due to its remote, non-contact drive and the ability to adapt to complex environments. This paper detailed the fabrication, characterization, and infrared light (IR) actuating shape memory effects of the SMC based on the thermal polyurethane (TPU)/poly(caprolactone) (PCL)/polyaniline (PANI)/composites. Herein, the experiments have explored the preparation and process parameters and 3D printing properties (e.g., filament-molding temperature, 3D printing temperature, and speed) on the premise of smooth printing of the composites. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry analysis (DSC), micro-morphology, and tensile testing was operated to characterize the properties of the TPU6/PCL4/PANI composites. Additionally, shape memory performance has shown that the shape memory fixation rate of the prepared IR-responsive SMC was about 99%, and the shape recovery ratio was approximately 95%. Therefore, this work customized the tracheal scaffold based on TPU6/PCL4/PANI composites by 3D printing technology (FDM), which possesses excellent IR-triggered remote-controlling structure deformation performance. Moreover, by collaborating with minimally invasive surgery, 3D printed IR-actuating SMC structures can expand the application scope in the biomedical field and provide a new way for personalized implantable medical devices.
Experimental study on the flexural performance of FRP grid-reinforced ultra-high-performance concrete I-beams with different steel fiber contents
Authors: Wu Dongyan , Wu Wentao , Fu Chendong , Zhao Junliang , Lin Heng
Published: June 2024

To adapt to harsh engineering environments, the use of structural components with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) grid-reinforced ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) is considered a new development trend. Twelve FRP grid-reinforced UHPC I-beams are fabricated to investigate the effects of the thicknesses of FRP grids (0 mm, 1 mm, 3 mm, and 5 mm) and the steel fiber contents of UHPC (0%, 1%, and 2%) on their flexural performance. Four-point bending tests are conducted to obtain the failure modes, load-deflection characteristics, and strain responses of each testing beam, and a simplified calculation method for cracking loading and flexural bearing capacity is proposed. The results reveal that the increase in FRP grid thickness, the ultimate load bearing capacity of FRP grid-reinforced UHPC structural beams increases and the ductility also can be enhanced. The presence of steel fiber effectively inhibits the cracking and increases the first cracking load of the beam during the test process, although its influence on the ultimate bearing capacity is limited. Besides, until to the cracking stage, there is no noticeable change in the tensile strain of the FRP grids as the applied load increases. It has been used to simplify theoretical calculations, which shows good agreement with the experimental results.
Towards abundant intelligences: Considerations for Indigenous perspectives in adopting artificial intelligence technology
Authors: Silano Julia A.
Published: June 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications in healthcare are evolving rapidly. The integration of AI into the Canadian healthcare system has demonstrated significant potential for enhancing the efficiency of care and improving patient outcomes. However, as this transformative technology continues to advance, it is crucial to take into account the unique perspectives and requirements of Indigenous Peoples in Canada. This article delves into the political, ethical, and practical considerations associated with introducing AI into Indigenous healthcare, emphasizing the paramount importance of equity and inclusion, which are rooted in the Two-Eyed AI framework. It also underscores the significance of co-creating AI technology in collaboration with Indigenous communities and multidisciplinary development teams. To illustrate these principles, this article spotlights an international AI epistemology-focused working group example. Healthcare professionals who engage with AI, whether it be through research, management, development, or leadership are implicated with this contemporary paradigm shift in decolonizing novel AI technology.
“Treat Me Like a Person”: Unveiling Healthcare Narratives of Muslim Women who Wear Islamic Head Coverings Through a Poststructural Narrative Study
Authors: Rahman Rezwana , Lapum Jennifer , Prendergast Nadia
Published: June 2024

Background

In Canada, the healthcare experiences and needs of Muslim women who wear Islamic head coverings are conflated with the larger Muslim community who do not wear Islamic head coverings. Understanding their specific and unique preferences and challenges is essential for tailoring care and improving healthcare encounters.

Purpose

The study purpose is to explore the healthcare encounters of Muslim women wearing Islamic head coverings in Canada, focusing on how discourse influences their narratives.

Methods

A postructuralist narrative methodology was used to understand how power, knowledge, language, and discourse impacted their experiences. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight Muslim women. Narrative analysis was used to dissect stories and the way these stories were told.

Results

Five themes were identified, including: The Fingerprint: Highlights the importance of recognizing individual identities to provide personalized care. The Membrane: Examines how societal biases and assumptions permeate healthcare professionals and impacts care. The Heartbeat: Reveals the immediate emotional and physical responses that reflect systemic challenges within healthcare encounters. Unseen: Emphasizes the lack of acknowledgement experienced by Muslim women related to their healthcare preferences and/or needs. Heard: Encompasses instances where Muslim women feel recognized by their healthcare provider; contrasts Theme #4.

Conclusion

This research emphasizes the diverse experiences of Muslim woman who wear an Islamic head covering and the need for healthcare professionals to move away from a one-size-fits-all approach and instead, provide care that respects the unique preferences amongst this diverse group.
R2* Impact on Hepatic Fat Quantification With a Commercial Single Voxel Technique at 1.5 and 3.0 T
Authors: Fortier Véronique , Mohamed Ahmed , McNabb Evan , Dana Jérémy , Zakarian Rita , Levesque Ives R. , Reinhold Caroline
Published: June 2024

Rationale and Objectives: Fat quantification accuracy using a commercial single-voxel high speed T2-corrected multi-echo (HISTO) technique and its robustness to R2* variations at 3.0 T, such as those introduced by iron in liver, has not been fully established. This study evaluated HISTO at 3.0 T and sought to reproduce results at 1.5 T. Methods: Phantoms were prepared with a range of fat content and R2*. Data were acquired at 1.5 T and 3.0 T, using HISTO and a Dixon technique. Fat quantification accuracy was evaluated as a function of R2*. The patient study included 239 consecutive patients. Data were acquired at 1.5 T or 3.0 T, using HISTO and Dixon techniques. The techniques were compared using Bland-Altman plots. Bias significance was evaluated using a one-sample t-test. Results: In phantoms, HISTO was accurate within 10% up to a R2* of 100 s−1 at both field strengths, while Dixon was accurate within 10% where R2* was accurately quantified (up to 350 s−1 at 1.5 T, and 550 s−1 at 3.0 T). In patients, where R2* was <100 s−1, fat quantification from both techniques agreed at 1.5 T ( P = .71), but not at 3.0 T ( P = .007), with a bias <1%. Conclusion: Results suggest that HISTO is reliable when R2* is <100 s−1, corresponding to patients with at most mild liver iron overload, and that it should be used with caution when R2* is >100 s−1. Dixon should be preferred for hepatic fat quantification due to its robustness to R2* variations.
Reduced Health-Related Quality of Life Due to Mobile Phone Dependence in a Sample of Chinese College Students: The Mediating Role of Chronotype and Sleep Quality
Authors: Ying Zhi-Qi , Li Dan-Lin , Liang Gang , Yin Zhi-Jian , Li Yue-Zu , Ma Rong , Qin Yu , Zheng Ya-Jie , Wang Pei , Pan Chen-Wei
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Presenting a chain mediation model to investigate whether mobile phone dependence results in a reduction in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among Chinese college students, through the mediating effect of chronotype and sleep quality.

Design and Setting

A cross-sectional survey was conducted on students from a Chinese university using a validated structured questionnaire.

Sample

2014 freshmen.

Measures

The study measured the students’ level of mobile phone dependence using the Self-rating Questionnaire for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use. Chronotype and sleep quality were measured by the Chinese version of the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), respectively. HRQoL was evaluated using the five-level EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L), including a descriptive system and a visual analog scale (VAS).

Analysis

Descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis, and mediation analysis.

Results

Mobile phone dependence had a significant negative effect on HRQoL as indicated by both the EQ-5D-5L index score and EQ-VAS score ( P < .001 for both). Additionally, it was found to significantly predict chronotype (MEQ score) ( β = −.546, P < .001) and sleep quality (PSQI score) ( β = .163, P < .001). Chronotype negatively predict sleep quality ( β = −.058, P < .001), and sleep quality was a significant negative predictor of HRQoL (EQ-5D-5L index score, β = −.008, P < .001; EQ-VAS score, β = −1.576, P < .001).

Conclusion

Mobile phone dependence negatively impacts students’ HRQoL through chronotype and sleep quality, and there is a chain mediating effect. Students should consider making lifestyle changes to improve their HRQoL and promote health.
Study on self-healing mechanism of magnetic nano-powders functionalized fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites
Authors: Xiang Jiajia , Chen Jie , Jin Jiejing , Xie Jinyan , Bai Ruru
Published: June 2024

At present, a variety of methods have been developed to realize the self-healing function of fiber-reinforced composites. However, the intrinsic mechanism of material damage recognition and self-healing initiation still lacks systematic research. In this paper, GF/(FeNip/PP) composites with multistage structures were prepared to study the self-healing properties and the mechanism of fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites. The addition of a small amount of FeNip without affecting the melting peak temperature of the PP matrix (i.e., without reducing the use temperature of PP) can increase the electromagnetic loss (tanδ) of the composites by about 40% and the thermal conductivity by 36%. The cyclic stretching times of GF/(FeNip/PP) composites after microwave healing are doubled at 50% to 60%σmax load. It is indicated that FeNip endows the GF/PP composites with good microwave healing performance, and the purposeful repair can effectively extend the service life of the material. In addition, the self-healing mechanism of GF/(FeNip/PP) composites is discussed in detail from the aspects of microstructure change, multiphase interface effect, entropy enthalpy effect, starting and ending of self-healing procedures, etc. The magnetothermal effect, “entropy consumption” effect, and polymer chain diffusion are the fundamental reasons for the self-healing function of fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites.
Simulating Civil Society in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA): Fog, Friction, and the Lebanese Port Explosion
Authors: Hajj Nadya
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Though the effects of fog and friction on decision-making are frequently simulated in military settings, they are less frequently extended to non-military and non-governmental MENA spaces. This article provides a description and evaluation of a disaster simulation rooted in the real-world event of the August 4, 2020 Lebanese port explosion. The aim of the simulation is to prompt student learning of the decision-making dynamics of CSOs amidst fog and friction in democratizing MENA spaces.

Background

A brief overview of the Lebanon-CSO landscape is provided. As part of their ruling strategy, sectarian elites engineer fog and friction to co-opt and fragment CSOs. This complex power sharing milieu creates dilemmas for CSOs.

The Intervention

The simulation was designed for an entire classroom of students to experience the fog and friction in decision-making that CSOs encounter in MENA conditions of limited resources and urgent humanitarian need.

Methods and Limitations

Student learning, framed by Bloom’s taxonomy of levels of intellectual behavior, was assessed using qualitative entry and exit classroom surveys based on three iterations of the simulation. Qualitative interpretive content analysis was used to categorize survey responses. The sample is not statistically significant given the small class sizes at the College. The study serves as an initial exploration for assessing the promising pedagogical benefits of the Lebanon port explosion simulation.

Results

Before the simulation, students had knowledge and understanding of CSOs, democratization, and the Lebanese context. After the simulation, student surveys yielded results that evidenced higher- ordered learning. Students discovered the challenge of applying their knowledge of Lebanese CSOs amidst fog. Next, the panel stress- testing and critical reflection essay exercises prompted an analysis and evaluation of CSOs as weak or fraught vehicles for democratization in the region. In sum, fog and friction prompted students to experience and learn how CSOs may subvert democratization in the MENA despite intentions to “do good.”

Discussion

The Lebanon port explosion survey data indicate the value of simulations as “experience vehicles” that may push students to higher orders of abstracted thinking about CSOs in the MENA.

Conclusion

Coupled with historical knowledge of co-optation and fragmentation strategies of elites vis-à-vis CSOs in Lebanon, the classroom simulation experience provided a low-cost and high-reward learning opportunity for students to grapple with the constraints and consequences of fog and friction on CSO decision-making.
Impact of Connectivism on Knowledge and Willingness of Students in Higher Education
Authors: Pandya Bharti , Cho BooYun , Patterson Louise , Abaker Mohamed
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the impact of connectivism on knowledge acquisition and the willingness of higher education students to apply that knowledge in practical settings. Using an experimental design, it investigates how connectivism manifests in learning processes, particularly focusing on a collaborative online international session (COIL) with 92 business management students from the UAE and South Korea. These students participated in a COIL session aimed at enhancing their understanding of diversity and inclusion management concepts. The study utilized an independent t-test to evaluate the effectiveness of COIL, comparing groups exposed to different modes of participation (connectivism mode and nonconnectivism mode). The results highlight connectivism’s role in increasing students’ willingness to utilize acquired knowledge. As a connectivism approach, COIL proves pivotal in applying learning practically. This research offers significant insights for curriculum designers, educators, and scholars, demonstrating the impact of social connectivism on learning enhancement. It provides valuable information for incorporating connectivism into traditional educational models, thereby enriching the theoretical and methodological understanding of the relationship between connectivism, COIL, knowledge acquisition, and application willingness. This study is particularly relevant for educators looking to integrate innovative methods in their teaching and expand the scope of knowledge and skill development for future work.
Influence of Family Social Capital on the Psychological Well-Being of Working Women: Mediating Role of Self-Esteem and Moderating Role of Sense of Coherence
Authors: Aziz Mudasir , Gupta Shubhangi , Mir Shakeeb Mohammad , Bashir Ishfaq , Khurshid Shabana , Amin Faseeh
Published: June 2024

Family social capital (FSC) encompasses the positive relationships and effective functioning within a family that positively influences psychological well-being (PWB) of working women. This work investigates the complex relationship between well-being and FSC. Self-esteem (SE) and a sense of coherence (SOC) are critical concepts between working women’s FSC and well-being. The methodology of this cross-sectional study was carefully designed to explore complex relationships among multiple factors affecting the PWB of employed women in the Northern region of India. Three hundred fifteen usable questionnaires were obtained after a meticulous data cleansing process. The findings demonstrate that FSC enhances SE, which further positively influences PWB. Moreover, results shows that SE plays a significant role in mediating the relationship between FSC and well-being. The data also indicates a moderating role of SOC between FSC and well-being. The current study contributes significantly to the existing literature with theoretical implications by providing additional conceptual insights that can expand the overall understanding of FSC, particularly in the context of non-Western countries.
Dynamic analysis and stability of variable length vertical pipe containing fluid using Timoshenko’s beam theory
Authors: Saeedi Masine Hossein , Soleimani Ali , Masalegoo Seyed Ehsan
Published: June 2024

In this article, the dynamics of pipes containing fluid is investigated according to Timoshenko’s beam theory. The problem’s equations were extracted with the help of Hamilton’s principle, and then their responses were obtained using Galerkin’s numerical approach. The modeling of the vertical pipe containing fluid was done using Timoshenko’s beam theory. It is prominent to mention that the considered vertical pipe containing fluid has variable length. The results of this analysis will be compared with previous researches, which were according to Euler–Bernoulli theory. Also, the gravity effect on the pipe stability will be analyzed. Finally, by examining the impact of rotational inertia and shear deformation separately, it was determined that the effect of shear deformation on the pipes’ dynamic behavior containing fluid will be more than the effect of rotational inertia.
Compact City and Mayoral Entrepreneurship: A Study of Success and Setbacks in Two Japanese Cities
Authors: Takao Yasuo
Published: June 2024

Controlling urban sprawl are the overarching challenges facing cities worldwide. This article delves into the pivotal role of policy entrepreneurship throughout the planning and implementation phases of compact city initiatives. Drawing insights from the experiences of Aomori City and Toyama City in Japan, this study scrutinizes the drivers behind the shift toward urban compactness and its consequent outcomes. The incorporation of policy studies theories into the realm of compact city development has been scant. To bridge this gap, the research leverages process-oriented theories from policy studies to dissect the decision-making processes guiding compact city development in these two pivotal municipalities. Through this investigation, it is revealed that the effective transition to compact urbanization in Japanese municipalities predominantly stems from policy entrepreneurship. The author posits that this achievement is primarily attributed to adept local mayors who possess the acumen to cater to specific local needs.
Drug therapy problems among paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia patients at Kenyatta National Hospital
Authors: Magut Faith Jelagat , Degu Amsalu
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Several studies reported that drug therapy problems (DTPs) were prevalent in cancer patients. These DTPs are still interfering with the desired treatment outcomes in patients with cancer. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, types and predictors of DTPs among paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) patients at Kenyatta National Hospital.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was used to assess DTPs among ALL patients. Records of all eligible paediatric patients with ALL who received treatment in the facility between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2021 were examined. A data abstraction tool was employed for data collection. The data entry and analysis were carried out by a statistical package for social sciences version 29.0 software. Frequency tables were utilised to present the key findings of the study. Binary logistic regression analysis was utilised to determine the predictors of DTPs.

Results

A total of 82 DTPs were identified with the most common type of DTP being adverse drug reaction (ADR; 59, 72.0%) and drug interaction (9, 11.0%). The most common ADRs identified were febrile neutropenia (20, 33.9%), nausea/vomiting (14, 23.7%) and anaemia (11, 18.6%). Patients with central nervous system disease (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 10.2, 95% CI = 1.2–85.8, p = 0.03) and treated with a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy (AOR = 13.5, 95% CI = 1.9–89.4, p = 0.01) were more likely to develop DTPs.

Conclusion

The study found that the prevalence of DTPs among paediatric ALL patients was high, with the most common DTPs being ADRs occurring in 72.0% of patients. Central nervous system metastasis and a combination of chemotherapy and radiation treatment regimens were statistically significant predictors of DTPs.
In-situ microstructural evolution during tensile loading of CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy welded joint probed by high energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction
Authors: Dias P. , Lopes J. G. , Curado T. , Maawad E. , Schell N. , Kim H. S. , Oliveira J. P.
Published: June 2024

The research regarding high entropy alloys (HEAs) has proved them to be suitable for engineering applications. Nevertheless, assessing their processability is key for industrial deployment. Of special relevance in terms of processing techniques arised welding. In this work, Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) was chosen as a processing method to attest for the suitability of the equiatomic CoCrFeMnNi HEA for one of the most common real-world mechanical solicitations, tensile loading. We delve into an in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis of the mechanical behavior of a high-performing GTAW CoCrFeMnNi HEA joint. Local analysis of the microstructure evolution, considering the base material, heat affected zone and fusion zone, was performed by tracking changes in the diffracted intensity and lattice strain. Orientation-dependent evolution is highlighted by considering partial azimuthal integration detailing texture impact across the joint. Evidence of strain concentration at specific locations is correlated with the microstructure and overall macroscopic mechanical behavior.
Goals of Morbidity and Mortality meetings in paediatric acute care. A qualitative case study
Authors: Jeffs Emma , Newall Fiona , Delany Clare , Kinney Sharon
Published: June 2024

Morbidity and Mortality meetings are conducted in varied clinical contexts including paediatrics. Widely cited as an educational or quality improvement tool, the reality is more complex. In this qualitative study, the aim was to explore the perceived goals of the paediatric acute care Morbidity and Morbidity meeting. This study used semi-structured interviews and observation within a qualitative case study methodology. Data were collected in a large paediatric quaternary hospital. Analysis generated themes related to meeting observations and the participant’s interpretation of meeting goals. A total of 44 interviews were conducted with 14 nurses, 29 doctors, and 1 allied health professional. Thirty-two meetings in six clinical departments were observed. Two themes were developed: complex and nuanced goals; and tensions and contest between and within goals. Meeting goals to evaluate care, learn, support, adhere, and change and respond were sometimes in competition and had varied interpretations. Morbidity and Mortality meetings in this setting are valued and occupy a complex role which reaches beyond identification of measurable patient safety interventions. Understanding goals more fully can lead to optimised conduct and meaningful measurement of efficacy. The strength in these meetings may be the way they promote an embedded safety culture, and an informed and skilled workforce.
Preventing Sexual Violence: A Behavioral Problem Without a Behaviorally Informed Solution
Authors: Porat Roni , Gantman Ana , Green Seth A. , Pezzuto John-Henry , Paluck Elizabeth Levy
Published: June 2024

What solutions can we find in the research literature for preventing sexual violence, and what psychological theories have guided these efforts? We gather all primary prevention efforts to reduce sexual violence from 1985 to 2018 and provide a bird’s-eye view of the literature. We first review predominant theoretical approaches to sexual-violence perpetration prevention by highlighting three interventions that exemplify the zeitgeist of primary prevention efforts at various points during this time period. We find a throughline in primary prevention interventions: They aim to change attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge (i.e., ideas) to reduce sexual-violence perpetration and victimization. Our meta-analysis of these studies tests the efficacy of this approach directly and finds that although many interventions are successful at changing ideas, behavior change does not follow. There is little to no relationship between changing attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge and reducing victimization or perpetration. We also observe trends over time, including a shift from targeting a reduction in perpetration to targeting an increase in bystander intervention. We conclude by highlighting promising new strategies for measuring victimization and perpetration and calling for interventions that are informed by theories of behavior change and that center sexually violent behavior as the key outcome of interest.
A Comprehensive Prognostic Model for Colon Adenocarcinoma Depending on Nuclear-Mitochondrial-Related Genes
Authors: Lv Lingling , Huang Yuqing , Li Qiong , Wu Yuan , Zheng Lan
Published: June 2024

Background: Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) has increasing incidence and is one of the most common malignant tumors. The mitochondria involved in cell energy metabolism, oxygen free radical generation, and cell apoptosis play important roles in tumorigenesis and progression. The relationship between mitochondrial genes and COAD remains largely unknown. Methods: COAD data including 512 samples were set out from the UCSC Xena database. The nuclear mitochondrial-related genes (NMRGs)-related risk prognostic model and prognostic nomogram were constructed, and NMRGs-related gene mutation and the immune environment were analyzed using bioinformatics methods. Then, a liver metastasis model of colorectal cancer was constructed and protein expression was detected using Western blot assay. Results: A prognostic model for COAD was constructed. Comparing the prognostic model dataset and the validation dataset showed considerable correlation in both risk grouping and prognosis. Based on the risk score (RS) model, the samples of the prognostic dataset were divided into high risk group and low risk group. Moreover, pathologic N and T stage and tumor recurrence in the two risk groups were significantly different. The four prognostic factors, including age and pathologic T stage in the nomogram survival model also showed excellent predictive performance. An optimal combination of nine differentially expressed NMRGs was finally obtained, including LARS2, PARS2, ETHE1, LRPPRC, TMEM70, AARS2, ACAD9, VARS2, and ATP8A2. The high-RS group had more inflamed immune features, including T and CD4+memory cell activation. Besides, mitochondria-associated LRPPRC and LARS2 expression levels were increased in vivo xenograft construction and liver metastases assays. Conclusion: This study established a comprehensive prognostic model for COAD, incorporating nine genes associated with nuclear-mitochondrial functions. This model demonstrates superior predictive performance across four prognostic factors: age, pathological T stage, tumor recurrence, and overall prognosis. It is anticipated to be an effective model for enhancing the prognosis and treatment of COAD.
Transformative Way of Becoming a Teacher: A Phenomenological-Hermeneutic Analysis of Class Teacher Education in Finland
Authors: Matikainen Minni
Published: June 2024

Transformative learning in teacher education qualitatively changes future teachers’ meaning systems of learning, teaching, and education. In this study, I explored transformative learning in Finnish class teacher education. Data were collected by observing student teachers over two academic years. Data also contains writings that student teachers produced during that period. A phenomenological analysis focused on the general characteristics of the transformative way of becoming a teacher and identified a process consisting of four phases: starting point, crack, ambivalence, and transformation. A hermeneutic analysis was used to interpret how the process occurred in practice. The results suggest a long and ambivalent process, which challenges educational policy discourses that emphasize efficiency and speed.
Short-Term Changes in Hypsarrhythmia Assessed by Spectral Analysis: Group and Individual Assessments
Authors: Farinha Jessica M , Bartel Peter R , Becker Piet J , Hazelhurst Lynton T
Published: June 2024

Objectives: To perform spectral analysis on previously recorded electroencephalograms (EEGs) containing hypsarrhythmia in an initial recording and to assess changes in spectral power (µV2) in a follow-up recording after a period of 10–25 days. Methods: Fifty participants, aged 2–39 months, with hypsarrhythmia in an initial recording (R1), were compared with regard to their spectral findings in a later recording (R2). Typically, anticonvulsant therapy was initiated or modified after R1. Average delta, theta, alpha, and beta power was derived from approximately 3 min of artifact-free EEG data recorded from 19 electrode derivations. Group and individual changes in delta power between R1 and R2 formed the main analyses. Results: Delta accounted for 84% of the total power. In group comparisons, median delta power decreased statistically significantly between R1 and R2 in all 19 derivations, for example, from 3940 µV2 in R1 to 1722 µV2 in R2, Cz derivation. When assessing individual participants, delta power decreases in R2 were >50% in 60% of the participants, but <25% in 24% of the participants. Conclusion: Spectral analysis may be used as an additional tool for providing a potential biomarker in the assessment of short-term changes in hypsarrhythmia, including the effects of treatment.
The Nazi’s Mummy: The Afterlife of a Woman from Taltal
Authors: Rotbain Avigail
Published: June 2024

In this article, I highlight the insights gained by tracing the biography of one single object in the museum collection: a mummified woman. Her trajectory is followed from her original resting place in present-day Taltal, Chile, to the University of Kiel in Germany, and finally to the National Museums of World Culture in Gothenburg, Sweden. The article discusses how the woman has been traded as a collectors’ item and research commodity, and how she has been exhibited at the museum. By mapping the afterlife of the mummified woman from Taltal, we can discuss effective methods for conducting provenance research at collection-based institutions. Additionally, we can examine the lingering remnants of controversial ideologies within these collections and how they are addressed today. Moreover, the article aims to underscore the challenging disparity between personal knowledge and documented knowledge within museums.
A Novel Cooling Device for Kidney Transplant Surgery
Authors: Dergham Ali , Witherspoon Luke , Power Liam , Nashed Joseph Y. , Skinner Thomas A. A.
Published: June 2024

Background: Prolonged warm ischemia time (WIT) in kidney transplantation is associated with numerous adverse outcomes including delayed graft function and decreased patient and graft survival. Circumventing WIT lies in maintaining renal hypothermia and efficiently performing the vascular anastomosis during this portion of the procedure. Although numerous methods of intra-operative renal cooling have been proposed, most suffer from practical limitations, and none have been widely adopted. Herein we describe a novel device specifically designed to maintain renal hypothermia during kidney transplant surgery.

Methods: Aluminum tubing was organized in a serpentine pattern to create a malleable, form-fitting cooling jacket to manipulate renal allografts during transplant surgery. Adult porcine kidneys were used to test the device with 4°C saline as coolant. Kidneys were placed at 24°C; surface and core temperatures were monitored using implanted thermocouples. Anastomosis of porcine kidney vessels to GORE-TEX® vascular grafts in an ex-vivo operative field was performed to assess the functionality of the device.

Results: The device maintained surface and core graft temperatures of ≤5°C after 60 minutes of WIT. Furthermore, the device provided hands-free retraction and support for the allograft. We found that ex-vivo anastomosis testing was enhanced by the presence of the cooling jacket.

Conclusions: This proof-of-concept study demonstrated that our novel device is a practical tool for renal transplantation and can maintain sufficiently cool graft temperatures to mitigate WIT in an ex-vivo setting. This device is the first of its kind and has the potential to improve kidney transplant outcomes by eliminating WIT during graft implantation.
Expanding the ethical debate on human artificial placenta trials
Authors: Cavolo Alice , Pizzolato Daniel
Published: June 2024

Artificial placentas (APs) are technologies that mimic the human placenta to treat extremely preterm infants. Being an invasive and risky technology, it will raise important ethical questions for human trials. Hence, in this Topic Piece we provide a blueprint of further issues to investigate. First, counselling will have the double role of providing trial information as well as (non) treatment counselling. This requires extra training and the development of ad hoc decision aids to support counselling and parents’ decision-making. Second, more stakeholder involvement is needed. Direct stakeholders, such as parents, clinicians, and researchers, can help develop the decision aids and provide insight on potentially overlooked issues. Society should also be involved to determine whether AP trials and implementation should be subsidized, and the ethical implications of not subsidizing. Third, a proper cost-benefit analysis should be conducted to determine the exact cost of the technology.
Expectations versus experience: What do citizens demand when dealing with criminal courts?
Authors: Fernández-Molina Esther , Grijalva-Eternod Áurea Esther
Published: June 2024

There is a large body of evidence on how perceptions of procedural justice affect legitimacy and compliance. Despite the consistency of the findings, there is less research on the impact that citizens’ experiences with courts may have on public perceptions. This article examines this issue through an online survey of a national sample of Spanish citizens, controlling for the effects of the individual’s role in the process (defendant or victim) and membership of a vulnerable group. To this end, a two-dimensional measure of procedural justice was used. The results show that expectations towards the criminal justice system have differential effects, the quality of decision-making affects legitimacy and the quality of treatment affects compliance. Moreover, participation is a key element of satisfaction with the judicial experience, especially for defendants and members of minority groups. The findings are discussed within the framework of Tyler’s process-based model and concepts of anticipatory and hermeneutical injustice.