bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital Innovation, Data Analytics, and Supply Chain Resiliency: A Bibliometric-based Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Iftikhar Anas , Ali Imran , Arslan Ahmad , Tarba Shlomo
Published: May 2022

In recent times, the literature has seen considerable growth in research at the intersection of digital innovation, data analytics, and supply chain resilience. While the number of studies on the topic has been burgeoning, due to the absence of a comprehensive literature review, it remains unclear what aspects of the subject have already been investigated and what are the avenues for impactful future research. Integrating bibliometric analysis with a systematic review approach, this paper offers the review of 262 articles at the nexus of innovative technologies, data analytics, and supply chain resiliency. The analysis uncovers the critical research clusters, the evolution of research over time, knowledge trajectories and methodological development in the area. Our thorough analysis enriches contemporary knowledge on the subject by consolidating the dispersed literature on the significance of innovative technologies, data analytics and supply chain resilience thereby recognizing major research clusters or domains and fruitful paths for future research. The review also helps improve practitioners’ awareness of the recent research on the topic by recapping key findings of a large amount of literature in one place.
Psychiatric symptoms and the association with parents’ psychiatric symptoms among recently arrived asylum-seeking children in Finland
Authors: Parviainen Heidi , Kiviruusu Olli , Lämsä Riikka , Skogberg Natalia , Castaneda Anu E , Santalahti Päivi
Published: May 2022

This study examined psychiatric symptoms and the association with parents’ psychiatric symptoms among recently arrived accompanied asylum-seeking children in the age groups of 2–6 years (n = 93) and 7–12 years (n = 91). Children and parents were assessed using mental health and trauma measures (SDQ, HSCL-25 and PROTECT). The prevalence of total difficulties was 34.9% among 2–6-year-olds and 29.6% among 7–12-year-olds. The most common symptoms in both age groups were peer problems, followed by conduct problems among 2–6-year-olds and emotional symptoms among 7–12-year-olds. In both age groups, the children’s emotional symptoms were associated with the parents’ anxiety and depression as well as the trauma symptoms, while the conduct problems were only associated with the parents’ trauma symptoms. In conclusion, peer problems as well as conduct problems and emotional symptoms are common among recently arrived asylum-seeking children. To support the mental health of these children, both children and parents need adequate support.
Do trust and renewable energy use enhance perceived climate change efficacy in Europe?
Authors: Dirksmeier Peter , Tuitjer Leonie
Published: May 2022

In the European Union, mitigation policies in the energy sector are one of the most important fields of political intervention for reducing emissions to achieve sustainability. Using renewable energy is moreover a central arena for perceived personal and political climate change efficacy, which describes an individual’s perceived ability to positively contribute to the fight against climate change and their belief in the effectiveness of government and society to tackle climate change collectively. In this paper, we distinguish between perceived personal and political efficacy beliefs. We use multilevel regression to investigate the relationship between these two dependent variables and trust in national governments as well as renewable energy use in 20 European countries for the first time. Our analysis first finds that socio-demographic predictors for perceived personal and political climate change efficacy operate almost diametrically. Second, we find that trust in governments is a much stronger predictor for perceived political efficacy. Third, we find that renewable energy use is a significant and positive predictor for perceived personal efficacy but correlates negatively with political efficacy. Finally, we find some cross-national variation in our European sample for both dimensions of efficacy beliefs. Understanding what shapes personal and political efficacy is salient to enhance public acceptance for sustainable energy transitions.
Altered within- and between-host transmission under coinfection underpin parasite co-occurrence patterns in the wild
Authors: Sallinen Suvi , Susi Hanna , Halliday Fletcher , Laine Anna-Liisa
Published: May 2022

Interactions among parasite species coinfecting the same host individual can have far reaching consequences for parasite ecology and evolution. How these within-host interactions affect epidemics may depend on two non-exclusive mechanisms: parasite growth and reproduction within hosts, and parasite transmission between hosts. Yet, how these two mechanisms operate under coinfection, and how sensitive they are to the composition of the coinfecting parasite community, remains poorly understood. Here, we test the hypothesis that the relationship between within- and between-host transmission of the fungal pathogen, Phomopsis subordinaria, is affected by co-occurring parasites infecting the host plant, Plantago lanceolata. We conducted a field experiment manipulating the parasite community of transmission source plants, then tracked P. subordinaria within-host transmission, as well as between-host transmission to naïve recipient plants. We find that coinfection with the powdery mildew pathogen, Podosphaera plantaginis, causes increased between-host transmission of P. subordinaria by affecting the number of infected flower stalks in the source plants, resulting from altered auto-infection. In contrast, coinfection with viruses did not have an effect on either within- or between-host transmission. We then analyzed data on the occurrence of P. subordinaria in 2018 and the powdery mildew in a multi-year survey data set from natural host populations to test whether the positive association predicted by our experimental results is evident in field epidemiological data. Consistent with our experimental findings, we observed a positive association in the occurrence of P. subordinaria and historical powdery mildew persistence. Jointly, our experimental and epidemiological results suggest that within- and between-host transmission of P. subordinaria depends on the identity of coinfecting parasites, with potentially far-reaching effects on disease dynamics and parasite co-occurrence patterns in wild populations.
Why do women opt for gender-atypical fields of study? The increasing role of income motivation over time
Authors: Galos Diana Roxana , Strauss Susanne
Published: May 2022

Gender segregation in fields of study represents an important explanation for gender inequalities in the labor market, such as the gender wage gap. Research shows that horizontal gender segregation in higher education persists for a variety of reasons, including women’s greater communal goals and men’s greater motivation to earn high incomes. Yet with the male breadwinner model in decline, a key question is whether women’s motivation to earn high incomes might contribute to increasing women’s participation in female-atypical fields of study. Using data from the German Student Survey over a period of 30 years, our findings show that the proportion of women enrolled in female-atypical fields of study increased from 1984 to 2015. Moreover, women’s motivation to earn high incomes mediates the effect of time on enrollment in female-atypical fields of study. Their motivation to earn high incomes might thus be a factor contributing to the disruption of gender segregation in fields of study over time. Furthermore, contrary to expectations, the motivation to earn high incomes as a driving force for women to opt for gender-atypical fields of study is not stratified by social background.
Minimally Coupled Two-Element MIMO Antenna with Dual Band (28/38 GHz) for 5G Wireless Communications
Authors: Sabek Ayman R. , Ali Wael A. E. , Ibrahim Ahmed A.
Published: May 2022

This paper presents a dual-band 28/38 GHz two elements multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with high isolation for 5G applications. The suggested antenna is a monopole with rectangular and triangle stubs added to the patch and a partial ground plane to achieve the dual band’s behavior. Two elements of the suggested antenna are combined and placed orthogonally to achieve the high isolation features of the MIMO configuration at 28/38 GHz. The MIMO configuration has a size of 27.65 $$\times$$
×
12 $$\times$$
×
0.273 mm3. The suggested MIMO prototype is fabricated and tested. The tested results achieved dual frequency bands with S11 lower than − 10 dB within two frequency bands (26–30 GHz and 36–41.5 GHz) and S21 lower than − 20 dB through the two operated bands. The suggested antenna has semi-omnidirectional radiation patterns in both planes. As well, its measured peak gain is 5.2 dBi and 5.3 dBi at the two operated frequency bands, respectively. Also, the MIMO parameters are extracted to validate the simulated results. The simulated and tested results have a good matching within the two operating bands which suggests the proposed structure be utilized in 5G communications.
A Difference-Equation-Based Robust Image Encryption Scheme with Chaotic Permutations and Logic Gates
Authors: Annaby M. H. , Ayad H. A. , Rushdi M. A.
Published: May 2022

Image encryption has become an indispensable tool for achieving highly secure image-based communications. Numerous encryption approaches have appeared and demonstrated varying degrees of robustness to adversarial attacks. In this paper, an efficient and robust image encryption algorithm is established based on randomized difference equations, random permutations and randomized logic circuits. Specifically, hyperchaotic and chaotic systems are used to generate pseudo-random sequences. These sequences are thus used to define random first-order difference equations, chaotic permutations and logic circuits. Image encryption based on these three randomized modules shows high computational efficiency as well as strong robustness against statistical, differential, and chosen-plaintext attacks. The proposed scheme leads to almost zero correlation in the encrypted images, entropy values of more than 7.99 for the test images, and a key space size of $$2^{572}$$

2
572

. Furthermore, differential analysis shows that the number of pixel change rate (NPCR) and the unified average change intensity (UACI) for the proposed technique are on average 99.61 and 33.35%, respectively.
Semiclassical and thermal phase space entropies measuring complexity
Authors: Varga Imre
Published: May 2022

Measures of delocalization in phase space are analyzed using Rényi entropies, especially two of which play an important role in characterizing extension and shape of distributions: the linear entropy related to the participation number and the Shannon-entropy. The difference of these two, termed as structural entropy, has been successfully applied in a large variety of physical situations and for various mathematical problems. A very similar quantity has coincidentally been used as a measure of complexity by some other authors. Hereby we show that various semiclassical phase space representations of quantum states can be well described by the structural entropy providing a transparent picture in relation to the thermodynamic description. Thermodynamic and quantum fluctuations are analytically treated for the special case of harmonic oscillators invoking the Einstein model of heat capacity. It is demonstrated that the thermal uncertainty relations are linked to the delocalization over the phase space. For respective limits of zero temperature implying quantum behavior or infinite temperature implying classical behavior we also show which quantities remain useful. As a byproduct the thermal extension of the phase space distribution can be calculated that is directly related to a decoherence parameter introduced by Zurek in a different context.
Integrating Cognitive Behavioural and Islamic Principles in Psychology and Psychotherapy: A Narrative Review
Authors: Cucchi Angie
Published: May 2022

Standardisation of knowledge has become a by-product of globalisation, and western-based models are often seen as the ultimate answer to expertise and development. In light of this, some professionals have debated the feasibility of employing cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) with Muslim communities. Debates have focused on CBT’s secular roots and its compatibility with a world where Islam permeates most aspects of life. This article highlights some of the theoretical dilemmas of integration and suggests ways to bridge the existing gap between secular and Islamic literature and avoid alienating those individuals who might feel uncomfortable with secular CBT teachings.
Correction to: On the Approximation of Unbounded Convex Sets by Polyhedra
Authors: Dörfler Daniel
Published: May 2022

In this article, Algorithm 1 was duplicated instead of Algorithm 2.
The effect of motive-goal congruence on adolescents’ academic goal engagement and disengagement
Authors: Yau Priscilla S. , Cho Yongwon , Kay Joseph , Heckhausen Jutta
Published: May 2022

Academic achievement is an important developmental goal during adolescence. Two independent factors involved in academic motivation are implicit motives and explicit goals. In this study, we examined whether high school students’ (N = 213) implicit achievement motive, explicit achievement goals, and their interactions were associated with academic goal engagement and disengagement. Our findings showed that academic goal engagement and disengagement were associated with explicit achievement goals only, and not with the implicit achievement motive. However, interactions between the implicit achievement motive and grade aspiration (i.e., a specific explicit achievement goal) revealed that individuals with a low implicit achievement motive can still attain high goal engagement if they have a high grade aspiration. We also found that motive-goal congruence was associated with lower goal disengagement. Overall, these findings suggest that explicit achievement goals and specific academic goals play a dominant role in goal engagement behavior in the structured setting of high schools, and may allow youth to overcome the constraints of having a low implicit achievement motive.
Does gender matter for corporate entrepreneurship? A cross-countries study
Authors: Ruiz Linda Elizabeth , Amorós José Ernesto , Guerrero Maribel
Published: May 2022

The accumulated knowledge about corporate entrepreneurship has provided a better understanding of its antecedents and consequences. Corporate entrepreneurship activities are strongly related to incremental or disruptive innovation processes. However, academic debates demand a novel conceptual framework to understand the gendered workforce’s contribution to corporate entrepreneurship initiatives worldwide. This study hypothesizes that a gendered workforce has similar capabilities (skills, ability to detect opportunities, and networks) to engage in corporate entrepreneurship. Therefore, any gender differences could be explained by the influence of country-level conditions (gender equality levels, culture, and social norms). We tested these hypotheses with a sample of 50,550 employees from 50 countries. Our results support these hypotheses extending the corporate entrepreneurship literature and provoking an interesting discussion to academics, managers, employees, and policymakers.
Evolution of micro and small enterprises’ work safety behavior in high-risk industries
Authors: Li Wen , Zhou Tong , Mei Qiang , Liu Xiangyang , Imran Muhammad
Published: May 2022

Due to external regulations and limited resources, micro and small enterprises’ (MSEs) work safety behavior in China’s high-risk industries is passive behavior under constraints. Based on stakeholder theory, this paper describes the attributes and behavior rules of MSEs, the government safety supervision department and work safety service agencies using the agent-based simulation methods. We construct an evolution model to study this behavior. The software platform Netlogo is used for simulation exercises. Under the four factors of enterprise work safety resource strength, government supervision, government subsidies, and organization service level, the evolution of MSEs’ work safety behavior in high-risk industries is simulated and the results are discussed. It further reveals internal and external drivers of work safety of MSEs in high-risk industries, strengthens the scientific supervision and effective support of government safety supervision departments, and improves work safety service quality of service agencies multi-dimensionally.
A comparison of likelihood-free methods with and without summary statistics
Authors: Drovandi Christopher , Frazier David T.
Published: May 2022

Likelihood-free methods are useful for parameter estimation of complex models with intractable likelihood functions for which it is easy to simulate data. Such models are prevalent in many disciplines including genetics, biology, ecology and cosmology. Likelihood-free methods avoid explicit likelihood evaluation by finding parameter values of the model that generate data close to the observed data. The general consensus has been that it is most efficient to compare datasets on the basis of a low dimensional informative summary statistic, incurring information loss in favour of reduced dimensionality. More recently, researchers have explored various approaches for efficiently comparing empirical distributions of the data in the likelihood-free context in an effort to avoid data summarisation. This article provides a review of these full data distance based approaches, and conducts the first comprehensive comparison of such methods, both qualitatively and empirically. We also conduct a substantive empirical comparison with summary statistic based likelihood-free methods. The discussion and results offer guidance to practitioners considering a likelihood-free approach. Whilst we find the best approach to be problem dependent, we also find that the full data distance based approaches are promising and warrant further development. We discuss some opportunities for future research in this space. Computer code to implement the methods discussed in this paper can be found athttps://github.com/cdrovandi/ABC-dist-compare.
Urban forest invertebrates: how they shape and respond to the urban environment
Authors: Kotze D. Johan , Lowe Elizabeth C. , MacIvor J. Scott , Ossola Alessandro , Norton Briony A. , Hochuli Dieter F. , Mata Luis , Moretti Marco , Gagné Sara A. , Handa I. Tanya , Jones Therésa M. , Threlfall Caragh G. , Hahs Amy K.
Published: May 2022

Invertebrates comprise the most diversified animal group on Earth. Due to their long evolutionary history and small size, invertebrates occupy a remarkable range of ecological niches, and play an important role as “ecosystem engineers” by structuring networks of mutualistic and antagonistic ecological interactions in almost all terrestrial ecosystems. Urban forests provide critical ecosystem services to humans, and, as in other systems, invertebrates are central to structuring and maintaining the functioning of urban forests. Identifying the role of invertebrates in urban forests can help elucidate their importance to practitioners and the public, not only to preserve biodiversity in urban environments, but also to make the public aware of their functional importance in maintaining healthy greenspaces. In this review, we examine the multiple functional roles that invertebrates play in urban forests that contribute to ecosystem service provisioning, including pollination, predation, herbivory, seed and microorganism dispersal and organic matter decomposition, but also those that lead to disservices, primarily from a public health perspective, e.g., transmission of invertebrate-borne diseases. We then identify a number of ecological filters that structure urban forest invertebrate communities, such as changes in habitat structure, increased landscape imperviousness, microclimatic changes and pollution. We also discuss the complexity of ways that forest invertebrates respond to urbanisation, including acclimation, local extinction and evolution. Finally, we present management recommendations to support and conserve viable and diverse urban forest invertebrate populations into the future.
Applying Machine Learning in Sociology: How to Predict Gender and Reveal Research Preferences
Authors: Heiberger Raphael H.
Published: May 2022

Applications of machine learning (ML) in industry and natural sciences yielded some of the most impactful innovations of the last decade (for instance, artificial intelligence, gene prediction or search engines) and changed the everyday-life of many people. From a methodological perspective, we can differentiate between unsupervised machine learning (UML) and supervised machine learning (SML). While SML uses labeled data as input to train algorithms in order to predict outcomes of unlabeled data, UML detects underlying patterns in unlabeled observations by exploiting the statistical properties of the data. The possibilities of ML for analyzing large datasets are slowly finding their way into the social sciences; yet, it lacks systematic introductions into the epistemologically alien subject. I present applications of some of the most common methods for SML (i.e., logistic regression) and UML (i.e., topic models). A practical example offers social scientists a “how-to” description for utilizing both. With regard to SML, the case is made by predicting gender of a large dataset of sociologists. The proposed approach is based on open-source data and outperforms a popular commercial application (genderize.io). Utilizing the predicted gender in topic models reveals the stark thematic differences between male and female scholars that have been widely overlooked in the literature. By applying ML, hence, the empirical results shed new light on the longstanding question of gender-specific biases in academia.
Influence of the SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio on the specific properties of NaA zeolite
Authors: Paprica Nikola , Filipović Radislav , Perušić Mitar , Kostić Duško , Pantić Slavko , Damjanović Vladimir
Published: May 2022

The aim of this research was to determine the influence of the SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio on the specific commercial properties of NaA zeolite subtypes as final market products (4A,4A-AG and 4A-MS) under the real production and process conditions. The value of the SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio, so-called silicate module, was set as independently variable and the effect on the physical and chemical properties of each of the subtypes of NaA zeolites was examined.

The paper investigates how the SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio affects specific properties of NaA powders, namely the ion exchange capacity, oil adsorption capacity and water adsorption capacity. Some previous theoretical and experimental studies have shown that the molar ratio plays a crucial role in the formation of these very similar but for final application different subtypes of NaA zeolite. The experimental part of this work was performed and tested in real production conditions, which can be considered as an advantage in relevance to the obtained results. Various analytical and instrumental testing methods were used for the analysis of the obtained powders, including SEM, XRD and PSD analyses.
Quasi-in-situ EBSD Study of the Microstructure and Texture Evolution During Static Recrystallization in an Extruded Mg-Mn-Ce Alloy
Authors: Liu Huaiyu , Zhu Suming , Abbott Trevor B. , Zhen Zisheng , Nie Jian-Feng
Published: May 2022

A quasi-in-situ electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique is used to study the microstructure and texture evolution in an extruded Mg-1Mn-0.2Ce (wt.%) alloy during annealing at 400°C. The as-extruded alloy has a bimodal and partially recrystallized microstructure with a strong [$${10}\bar{1}{\text{0}}$$

10

1

¯

0

]//ED basal texture (ED represents extrusion direction). Upon annealing, the strong [$${10}\bar{1}{\text{0}}$$

10

1

¯

0

]//ED texture is mitigated and gradually replaced by a major rare earth (RE)-texture and minor texture components lying within an arc between $$\text{[10}\bar{1}{\text{0}}$$

[10

1

¯

0

]//ED and $$\text{[11}\bar{2}\text{0]}$$

[11

2

¯

0]

//ED. The RE-texture component observed from localized quasi-in-situ EBSD of a randomly selected area is $$\text{[85}\bar{13}\text{6]}$$

[85

13

¯

6]

//ED, which is ~8.1° from the [$${44}\bar{8}{\text{3}}$$

44

8

¯

3

]//ED RE-texture observed in the bulk sample. The texture change during quasi-in-situ annealing is associated with the preferential growth of the recrystallized (RX-ed) grains whose orientations are near $$\text{[85}\bar{13}\text{6]}$$

[85

13

¯

6]

//ED and $$\text{[32}\bar{5}\text{0]}$$

[32

5

¯

0]

//ED, at the expense of both RX-ed and deformed grains with [$${10}\bar{1}{\text{0}}$$

10

1

¯

0

]//ED orientations. This grain growth process mainly occurs in the deformation bands, where there is an agglomeration of the basal  and/or pyramidal II  geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs). The observed preferential grain growth could be due to the relatively low energy stored in these RX-ed grains that have specific orientations.
Interdisciplinary Confusion and Resolution in the Context of Moral Machines
Authors: Stenseke Jakob
Published: May 2022

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have fueled widespread academic discourse on the ethics of AI within and across a diverse set of disciplines. One notable subfield of AI ethics is machine ethics, which seeks to implement ethical considerations into AI systems. However, since different research efforts within machine ethics have discipline-specific concepts, practices, and goals, the resulting body of work is pestered with conflict and confusion as opposed to fruitful synergies. The aim of this paper is to explore ways to alleviate these issues, both on a practical and theoretical level of analysis. First, we describe two approaches to machine ethics: the philosophical approach and the engineering approach and show how tensions between the two arise due to discipline specific practices and aims. Using the concept of disciplinary capture, we then discuss potential promises and pitfalls to cross-disciplinary collaboration. Drawing on recent work in philosophy of science, we finally describe how metacognitive scaffolds can be used to avoid epistemological obstacles and foster innovative collaboration in AI ethics in general and machine ethics in particular.
A topology framework for macromolecular complexes and condensates
Authors: Heidari Maziar , Moes Duane , Schullian Otto , Scalvini Barbara , Mashaghi Alireza
Published: May 2022

Macromolecular assemblies such as protein complexes and protein/RNA condensates are involved in most fundamental cellular processes. The arrangement of subunits within these nano-assemblies is critical for their biological function and is determined by the topology of physical contacts within and between the subunits forming the complex. Describing the spatial arrangement of these interactions is of central importance to understand their functional and stability consequences. In this concept article, we propose a circuit topology-based formalism to define the topology of a complex consisting of linear polymeric chains with inter- and intrachain interactions. We apply our method to a system of model polymer chains as well as protein assemblies. We show that circuit topology can categorize different forms of chain assemblies. Our multi-chain circuit topology should aid analysis and predictions of mechanistic and evolutionary principles in the design of macromolecular assemblies.
Economical Voltammetric Sensor for Sensitive Rapid Determination of Ondansetron in the Presence of Opioid Antagonist Naltrexone
Authors: Rahman Mona A. Abdel , Saad Ahmed S. , El-Mosallamy Sally S. , Elghobashy Mohamed R. , Zaazaa Hala E. , Atty Shimaa A.
Published: May 2022

The electrochemical actions of ondansetron (OND) were investigated on the modified electrode with Polyvinyl Pyrollidone (PVP) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs). The oxidation peak current was enhanced to be doubled when compared to the bare electrode as a result of the synergistic effect of nanomaterial and cation-exchange polymer on the electron transfer rate. Following optimization of the experimental conditions, the Square Wave Voltammograms (SWV) method was employed to determine ondansetron in pharmaceutical formulations. Moreover, the modified electrode MWCNTs/PVP/CPE displayed high selectivity in the voltammetric measurements of ondansetron and co-administrated opioid antagonist drug naltrexone (NAL) with strong potential separation (422 mV). The response peak currents had a linear relationship with drug concentration in the range of (2.00–200.0 nmolL−1) with detection limits 430 pmolL−1and 456 pmolL−1for ondansetron and naltrexone, respectively. The electrode was successfully used to detect both medications electrochemically in human plasma samples.

Graphical abstract
Motivations underpinning honeybee management practices: A Q methodology study with UK beekeepers
Authors: Kahane Fay , Osborne Juliet , Crowley Sarah , Shaw Rosalind
Published: May 2022

Beekeepers are central to pollinator health. For policymakers and beekeeping organisations to develop widely accepted strategies to sustain honeybee populations alongside wild pollinators, a structured understanding of beekeeper motivations is essential. UK beekeepers are increasing in number, with diverse management styles despite calls for coordinated practice to manage honeybee health. Our Q methodology study in Cornwall, UK, indicated five beekeeping perspectives; conventional hobbyists, natural beekeepers, black bee farmers, new-conventional hobbyists and pragmatic bee farmers. Motivations can be shared across perspectives but trade-offs (notably between economic, social responsibility and ideological motivations) result in differing practices, some of which counter ‘official’ UK advice and may have implications for pollinator health and competition. Honeybee conservation emerged as a key motivator behind non-conventional practices, but wild pollinator conservation was not prioritised by most beekeepers in practice. Q methodology has the potential to facilitate non-hierarchical collaboration and conceptualisation of sustainable beekeeping, moving towards co-production of knowledge to influence policy.
A new hope for small-scale fisheries through local action groups? Comparing Finnish and Swedish experiences
Authors: Salmi Pekka , Linke Sebastian , Siegrist Nathan , Svels Kristina
Published: May 2022

New forms of institutional support within modern multi-level fisheries governance are urgently needed to address the decline of coastal and inland fisheries. The EU-funded Fisheries Local Action Group (FLAG) initiative promises new hope to small-scale fishers by channelling support for the development of local fishing communities. This paper analyses the potential of FLAGs to contribute towards revitalizing small-scale fisheries in Nordic settings. Drawing on documents, surveys and interviews, we compare the implementation of FLAGs in Finland and Sweden. These countries were selected for analysis because they exhibit major differences in the implementation of FLAGs, alongside similarities in their coastal fisheries and social contexts. A special structural feature in Sweden is that FLAGs have been entirely integrated into Local Action Groups set up under the LEADER programme, an EU initiative that supports development projects in rural, coastal and urban areas. As a result, fisheries issues that used to be addressed by sectoral fishery groups are now subsumed into broader territorial initiatives. In Finland, the FLAG system still comprises independent fishery groups, which collaborate with LEADER groups. Our comparison of the two cases demonstrates the importance of dedicated institutional support for small-scale fisheries to enable them to access funding opportunities provided by the EU’s FLAG initiative. Our comparative perspective enables conclusions to be drawn regarding the pros and cons of different approaches to the implementation of this hierarchical funding system, and the extent to which they can help restore fishers’ self-reliance and benefit local fishing livelihoods.
Fetal Genu Recurvatum: A Case Series
Authors: Vishnoi Kulbhushan , Agrawal Purvi , Authreya Ashwini J. , Thakur Varun , Makam Adinarayana
Published: May 2022

Genu Recurvatum is a rare congenital anomaly involving the knees. Most of the cases are sporadic, and if isolated, carry a good prognosis. Syndromic association tend to be present, and if so, the diagnosis becomes important. Early diagnosis and counseling remain the key as the couple can make an early decision on the pregnancy. Proper counseling would also help the couple in knowing what to expect postnatally. One, or maybe more than one, surgeries may be required for its correction and the gait may never be completely normal. We present a case series diagnosed by ultrasound at our center between January 2014 and 2020. Through this concise article, we aim to give a key to antenatal diagnosis and postnatal management of this rare condition.
Augmented ε-Constraint Algorithm Applied to Multi-objective Optimization Programs of Residential Micro-CHP Systems
Authors: Teymoori H. Fatemeh , Safari Amir , Kamalinasab Mostafa
Published: May 2022

Micro-combined heat and power systems (Micro-CHP) are expected to play a major role in reducing carbon dioxide emission, increasing the primary energy and economic saving in the future. In this paper, the optimal planning of a residential Micro-CHP system for a single-family house situated in Iran is investigated. In order to achieve this target, a new mixed-integer linear programming model is developed. Mathematical modeling and optimization were carried out for the Micro-CHP system using natural gas, at the residential building level and for three different operating strategies, cost-driven, primary energy driven, and carbon emission driven. Three competing objective functions are simultaneously minimized using an augmented ε-constraint optimization algorithm. This work has multiple novelties, containing the consideration of some economic and technical constraints previously neglected, such as the energy, economic, and environmental effects of replacing conventional energy systems with a residential Micro-CHP system and the effects of integrating an electrical heating element for storing thermal energy (electrical heating element can act as a power sink when required). A detailed case study on a residential building situated in Tabriz city, Iran, was carried out by applying the developed model and the optimum strategies and optimal sizes for Micro-CHP, axillary boiler, and other equipment are obtained. Results have shown that the optimal values of CSR, PESR, and ERR, in the augmented ε-constraint method, were 12.46%, 1.19%, and 88.38%, respectively. In this case, the obtained result for a nominal capacity of Micro-CHP and boiler was 3.6 kW and 1.05 kW, respectively. Finally, the payback period was obtained for 2 years. Furthermore, to understand the influence of key parameters on the planning of the Micro-CHP system, the sensitivity analysis has been performed on energy prices. Sensitivity analysis of electricity price indicated that, by increasing the electricity price, the overall annual cost-saving value clearly increases, while increasing gas prices significantly reduces the profitability index.
Magnetoresistive and magnetocapacitive effects in magnetic elastomers
Authors: Stepanov G. V. , Bakhtiiarov A. V. , Lobanov D. A. , Borin D. Yu. , Semerenko D. A. , Storozhenko P. A.
Published: May 2022

Creation of and the following research on systems featuring elastomer filled with a magnetic disperse material with good electroconductive properties have been a continuation of the development of magnetorheological fluids with the goal of finding compositions exhibiting a stronger magnetorheological effect. More profound investigations have revealed that composite materials of the given type also exhibit other significant features such as magnetodeformation, magnetostriction, field-induced shape memory, and piezomagnetoresistance, for which reason they are frequently classified as ‘magnetoactive elastomers’. Within the frames of this work, investigations of relationships between the electroconductive and dielectric properties of the polymer composite and external magnetic fields have been done. As has been shown by the experiments, changing the external magnetic field from zero to 330 mT causes the best samples to improve their conductive properties by six orders of magnitude. At the same time, the capacitance measured along with the resistance increases by a factor of 30. Reproducible and less subjected to the emergence of runouts at frequencies of 1 kHz and higher, the capacitance-based data offer hope that such elastomers may be good candidates for being employed as sensors. In order to make the sample-dependent results comparable, the capacitances are interpreted as the dielectric permeabilities. It should be noted though that this approach is strictly formal and the mechanism of the phenomenon observed still awaits its scrupulous study.
Traditional, Modern, and Molecular Strategies for Improving the Efficiency of Nitrogen Use in Crops for Sustainable Agriculture: a Fresh Look at an Old Issue
Authors: Elrys Ahmed S. , Elnahal Ahmed S. , Abdo Ahmed I. , Desoky El-Sayed M. , Selem Eman , Rady Mostafa M.
Published: May 2022

Reactive nitrogen (N) plays a pivotal role in supplying N to plants and soil microbes, but it has negative environmental impacts through influencing the quality of water and air, which in turn influences human health. Thus, there is an urgent necessity to maximize N benefits while reducing the negative impacts on the environment. Improving crop N use efficiency (NUE) is required for environmental conservation and agricultural sustainability. Thus, the pivotal objective of this article is to introduce the modern developments and imminent prospects of improving crops NUE using various complementary methods. Here, the approaches of site-specific N management, use of synthetic and biological nitrification inhibitors, microbial nitrate (NO3−) immobilization stimulation, and stimulation of the dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), adopting agroforestry system, breeding techniques, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, omics approaches, and potential new targets and overexpression of N-related genes were presented as effective approaches to improving NUE. Optimal rate, time, application methods, using specially formulated forms of fertilizer, and using nitrification inhibitors are the most agricultural practices linked with improving NUE. The fertilizer recommendations could be often justified across the field rather than a uniform application using spatial variability of nutrient content. Restoring soil NO3−retention capacity and adopting agroforestry system can also be promising ways to improve NUE. Furthermore, the use of genetic modification or the development of new cultivars that use N more efficiently is critical. In addition, omics data, including transcriptomics and metabolomics, not only advance our current understanding of N reactions but also help us move towards strategies, which are more effective in improving NUE and enhancing crop production. In conclusion, this article strongly advocates the use of integrated approaches with a private insight of genetics and agricultural management when managing N.
The Philosophy of Mind
Authors: Crane Tim
Published: May 2022

A deep concern with consciousness and intentionality is one of the several things that has lately moved into the centre of the philosophy of mind. The issue of consciousness is often treated as something distinct from intentionality, but – as Tim Crane notes in his incisive new Foreword – there is now something of a sea-change. This classic volume may be at least partly responsible for the shift in how philosophy of mind is starting to be understood. Before its first appearance, discussions of consciousness and intentionality in the context of perception were in their infancy. The book was a departure from the way this part of philosophy was conceived. It pointed to new ways to look at the discipline, addressing both the epistemology of mind, and intentionality and consciousness, especially in connection with perception. Showcasing many leading figures in the field, it offers a splendid overview of the issues at stake.
Moral Philosophy
Authors: Wiseman Rachael
Published: May 2022

What is moral philosophy? That is the question with which this important volume grapples. Its starting point is the famous critique made in 1958 by Elizabeth Anscombe, who argued that moral philosophy begins from a mistake: that it is fundamentally wrong about the sort of concept that the word 'moral' represents. Anscombe rejected moral philosophy as it was then (and mostly now still is) practised. She offered instead a blueprint for the task moral philosophers must embrace if they are to speak intelligibly to society about good and bad, right and wrong, duty and obligation. The chapters in this book are inspired by Anscombe's classic text. One of the most powerful voices here, among many authoritative voices, is that of Philippa Foot – Anscombe's lifelong friend – who asserts that 'any account of practical reason evacuated of an understanding of what human beings need to flourish is inadequate and must be rejected.'
Cities in a Sunburnt Country
Authors: Cook Margaret , Frost Lionel , Gaynor Andrea , Gregory Jenny , Morgan Ruth A. , Shanahan Martin , Spearritt Peter
Published: May 2022

As Australian cities face uncertain water futures, what insights can the history of Aboriginal and settler relationships with water yield? Residents have come to expect reliable, safe, and cheap water, but natural limits and the costs of maintaining and expanding water networks are at odds with forms and cultures of urban water use. Cities in a Sunburnt Country is the first comparative study of the provision, use, and social impact of water and water infrastructure in Australia's five largest cities. Drawing on environmental, urban, and economic history, this co-authored book challenges widely held assumptions, both in Australia and around the world, about water management, consumption, and sustainability. From the 'living water' of Aboriginal cultures to the rise of networked water infrastructure, the book invites us to take a long view of how water has shaped our cities, and how urban water systems and cultures might weather a warming world.
1 Peter
Authors: Reese Ruth Anne
Published: May 2022

In this commentary, Ruth Anne Reese offers a multi-disciplinary study of 1 Peter that builds on contemporary scholarship and research methods. She explores the relationship of the letter to the Old Testament, as reflected in the themes of exodus, exile, suffering, and glory. Integrating sociological analysis, she offers insights into the social situation of the letter's audience that have grown out of post-colonial and empire criticism. Reese also explores the themes of majority-minority relationships, non-retaliation, and ethical living. Her study reveals a more subversive character to 1 Peter than is often posited. Written in an accessible style, Reese's commentary provides overviews of important scholarly questions and points readers to a range of potential answers to those questions. It also features a 'Closer Look' section on a significant topic in each passage, as well as 'Bridging the Horizon' sections that connect the ancient context of 1 Peter with the contemporary world.
Cooperative localisation of UAV swarm based on adaptive SA-PSO algorithm
Authors: Ma W. , Fang Y. , Fu W. , Liu S. , Guo E.
Published: May 2022

In this paper, to address the cooperative localisation of a heterogeneous UAV swarm in the GNSS-denied environment, an adaptive simulated annealing-particle swarm optimisation (SA-PSO) cooperative localisation algorithm is proposed. Firstly, the forming principle of the communication and measurement framework is investigated in light of a heterogeneous UAV swarm composition. Secondly, a reasonably cooperative localisation function is established based on the proposed forming principle, which can minimise the relative localisation error with limited available information. Then, an adaptive weight principle is incorporated into the particle swarm optimisation (PSO) for better performance. Furthermore, in order to overcome the drawbacks of PSO algorithm easily falling into the local extreme point, an adaptive SA-PSO algorithm is improved to promote the convergence speed of cooperative localisation. Finally, comparative simulations are performed among the adaptive SA-PSO, adaptive PSO, and PSO algorithms to demonstrate the feasibility and superiority of the proposed adaptive SA-PSO algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has better performance in convergence speed, and the cooperative localisation precision can be guaranteed.
Using gamification to enhance clinical trial start-up activities
Authors: Lane Karen , Majkowski Ryan , Gruber Joshua , Amirault Daniel , Hillery Shannon , Wieber Cortney , Thompson Dixie D , Huvane Jacqueline , Bridges Jordan , Ryu E. Paul , Eyzaguirre Lindsay M. , Gildea Marianne , Thompson Richard E. , Ford Daniel E. , Hanley Daniel
Published: May 2022

Background:

The Trial Innovation Network (TIN) is a collaborative initiative within the National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS) Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) Program. To improve and innovate the conduct of clinical trials, it is exploring the uses of gamification to better engage the trial workforce and improve the efficiencies of trial activities. The gamification structures described in this article are part of a TIN website gamification toolkit, available online to the clinical trial scientific community.

Methods:

The game designers used existing electronic trial platforms to gamify the tasks required to meet trial start-up timelines to create friendly competitions. Key indicators and familiar metrics were mapped to scoreboards. Webinars were organized to share and applaud trial and game performance.

Results:

Game scores were significantly associated with an increase in achieving start-up milestones in activation, institutional review board (IRB) submission, and IRB approval times, indicating the probability of completing site activation faster by using games. Overall game enjoyment and feelings that the game did not apply too much pressure appeared to be an important moderator of performance in one trial but had little effect on performance in a second.

Conclusion:

This retrospective examination of available data from gaming experiences may be a first-of-kind use in clinical trials. There are signals that gaming may accelerate performance and increase enjoyment during the start-up phase of a trial. Isolating the effect of gamification on trial outcomes will depend on a larger sampling from future trials, using well-defined, hypothesis-driven statistical analysis plans.