bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tsunami scenario triggered by the activity of the Mentawai Fault Zone offshore western Sumatra Island
Authors: Haridhi Haekal A. , Setiawan Ichsan , Octavina Chitra , Mahdi Saiful , Balqies Cut Putrie
Published: November 2023

Subduction zones worldwide pose tsunami risks, mainly linked to megathrust activity near subduction trenches. However, tsunamis can originate from various sources, including marine volcanic eruptions, submarine landslides, and strike-slip earthquakes. In the Sumatra subduction zone, a seismic gap in the Mentawai region heightens the tsunami risk. This region’s tectonics are complex due to the oblique subduction of the India-Australia oceanic plate beneath the Eurasian continental plate, leading to the sliver faults system of Mentawai Fault Zone (MFZ) and Sumatra Fault Zone (SFZ). The SFZ on Sumatra Island has limited tsunami potential, except at its northern and southern offshore extensions. In contrast, the MFZ, situated in the marine Northern Bengkulu basin, holds a higher tsunami-generation potential. This study aims to assess the MFZ activity in generating tsunamis, estimate the maximum wave height, and analyze propagation, and arrival times at several crucial sites in Western Sumatra Province. We utilized the COMCOT tsunami model to simulate scenarios with two fault mechanisms, i.e., strike-slip and back thrust, and two magnitudes (Mw 7.6, and 8.2). The results indicate that the most hazardous tsunami, generated by a strike-slip fault with Mw 8.2, produces a 2-meter tsunami on the east coast of Siberut Island and the west coast of Padang City, West Sumatra. The scenarios reveal that Mentawai Island’s eastern part lacks evacuation time, with an almost instantaneous tsunami arrival. In contrast, western Sumatra, including Pariaman and Padang City, has 13 to 20 minutes for evacuation planning. Thus, disaster risk reduction strategies in these locations should consider these findings.
Temporal Change and Spatial Distribution Analysis of b-value and a-value in Sumatra
Authors: Khalqillah Aulia , Umar Muksin
Published: November 2023

The study of seismicity is very important to be conducted in the region of interest, such as Sumatra which has high seismicity. The seismicity can be learned by using a statistical approach through the b-value and a-value parameters. The b-value describes the stress accumulation of rock while the a-value describes the seismic activity. The objective of this research is to analyse the temporal change and spatial distribution seismicity based on b-value and a-value parameters in Sumatra by using an updated earthquake catalog from 1964 to 2022. This research found that in 1965 and 1972 have b-values greater than 2 temporally. In the spatial distribution analysis, Sumatra was dominated by b-value less than 1.91. Six clusters were found to have the lowest b-value. It might indicate high seismic stress accumulation spatially in these clusters. The temporal change and spatial distribution analysis were validated by using four destructive earthquakes in Sumatra, such as Sumatra-Andaman, Nias-Simeulue, Mentawai, and Pasaman Barat earthquakes. The b-values were found to be less than 1 either temporally or spatially. The large earthquake was confirmed to have a low b-value. This indicates high seismic stress accumulation. These results can be used for further seismic hazard analysis and decision support for disaster mitigation purposes.
Participation of Persons with Disabilities in the Disaster Preparedness Program in Kepuharjo Village
Authors: Surwanti Arni , Purwaningsih Tutik
Published: November 2023

Persons with disabilities face a higher risk during disasters. Socioeconomic and physical vulnerabilities make them more vulnerable to disasters. Unfortunately, persons with disabilities tend to be overlooked in emergency preparedness systems. This fact causes persons with disabilities lack an understanding of disasters and how to overcome them. This community service program is conducted in Kepuharjo Village, a village prone to the “Merapi” volcano disaster. The programs implemented ensure that persons with disabilities are subjects in disaster preparedness. Activities are carried out by making innovations by realizing inclusive disaster risk reduction. The result of the innovation programs is the management information systems, disability data, and village disability groups. There is the increasing knowledge of village governments, disaster resilient village teams, persons with disabilities to obtain information and about disasters; there is standard operating inclusive evacuation and rescue procedure; there is advocacy for the availability of accessible refugee barracks. The village already had a policy and allocated a budget for providing protection and fulfilling the rights of persons with disabilities. The sister village also has an inclusive disaster preparedness program.
Conspiracy Beliefs and Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Acehnese People
Authors: Rahman Luthfi , Kumala Intan Dewi , Sulistyani Arum , Afriani
Published: November 2023

Believing in conspiracy theories often serves as a coping mechanism to alleviate uncertainty and regain a sense of control during crises like the Covid-19 pandemic. However, the proliferation of conspiracy beliefs during this pandemic has led to adverse consequences, including an upsurge in Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy. This study aims to examine the relationship between conspiracy beliefs and Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy among the Acehnese populace. Employing a quantitative approach with the correlation method, this research selected Banda Aceh, Aceh Besar, and Sabang through one-stage cluster sampling. A total of 396 adult respondents registered for the Covid-19 vaccine in Aceh participated. The study employed modified versions of the Adolescent Conspiracy Beliefs Questionnaire (ACBQ) and the Adult Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (AVHS) instruments. The findings, revealed through Pearson correlation analysis, unveiled a significant link between conspiracy beliefs and vaccine hesitancy (p = 0.000, r = 0.411). This indicates that higher conspiracy beliefs correspond with elevated levels of Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy among the Acehnese population. In essence, conspiracy beliefs play a pivotal role in shaping vaccine hesitancy behaviors within the Acehnese community. The implications of this research underscore the necessity for enhanced educational endeavors, transparent communication, and vigilant monitoring of social media content to heighten public awareness and engagement in government-sponsored vaccination initiatives.
The influence of natural disaster regional information on investment flows in Aceh
Authors: Kamata Dianlopa , Taqwaddin  , Iskandarsyah
Published: November 2023

This research explores the impact of information on disaster areas on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Aceh. This study aims to explain the relationship between information on disaster areas and FDI decisions to increase understanding of the factors influencing investment opportunities in Aceh. This study used qualitative methods to examine the relationship between information on disaster-prone areas and foreign investment. Qualitative analysis involves the relationship between the provision of information on disaster areas and the level of foreign investment in Aceh. Preliminary results indicate that the availability and accuracy of information on disaster areas has a major impact on foreign investors' risk perceptions and evaluations. Provision of timely and transparent information on disaster risks, mitigation measures, and government response strategies was observed to have a positive impact on investor confidence. Conversely, limited access to reliable information or perceptions of inadequate disaster preparedness may discourage potential investors from engaging in investment activities. The results showed that the level of information on disaster areas in Aceh was not satisfactory and tended to affect the level of investment in Aceh Province. Aceh has very limited resources and information compared to other provinces. The level of investment in Aceh is also not very high compared to other provinces which have also experienced major disasters. It is necessary to increase the provision of information on disaster areas and the integration between the disaster management office and the investment service also needs to be improved.
Wealth of nomads – an exploratory analysis of livestock inequality in the Saami reindeer husbandry
Authors: Næss Marius Warg , Bårdsen Bård-Jørgen
Published: November 2023

The evolution of political complexity is a perennial issue in humanities and social sciences. While social inequality is pervasive in contemporary human societies, there is a view that livestock, as the primary source of wealth, limits the development of inequalities, making pastoralism unable to support complex or hierarchical organisations. Thus, complex nomadic pastoral organisation is predominantly caused by external factors: historically, nomadic political organisations mirrored the neighbouring sedentary population’s sophistication. Using governmental statistics from 2001 to 2018 on reindeer herding in Norway, this study demonstrates that there is nothing apparent in pastoral adaptation with livestock as the main base of wealth that levels wealth inequalities and limits social differentiation. This study found that inequality generally decreased in terms of the Gini coefficient and cumulative wealth. For example, the proportion owned by the wealthy decreased from 2001 to 2018, whereas the proportion owned by the poor increased. Nevertheless, rank differences persisted over time with minor changes. In particular, being poor is stable; around 50% of households ranked as poor in 2001 continued to be so in 2018. In summary, the results of this study indicate that pastoral wealth inequality follows the same pattern as all forms of wealth. Wealth accumulates over time, and while the highest earners can save much of their income (i.e., newborn livestock), low earners cannot. Thus, high-earners can accumulate more wealth over time, leading to considerable wealth inequality.
Measurement of micropore by resonant probe with microsphere
Authors: Fang Chuanzhi , Mei Jian , Zhang Wen , Cheng Rongjun , Huang Qiangxian
Published: November 2023

A micro–nano coordinate measuring machine (CMM) is an instrument for high-precision measurement of micro-precision parts. The top of its probe is a microsphere with a diameter of tens to hundreds of micrometres. When the probe microsphere touches the part for measurement, its accuracy is affected by the surface morphology of the microsphere. A tuning fork resonant probe used for micro–nano CMMs is used to measure the contour of the micropore in automotive fuel injection nozzles in this study. Combined with the self-made optical fiber microsphere cross-sectional circle parameters at the top of the tuning fork probe, precise measurement of micropore diameter and roundness is achieved. During the experiment, the microsphere and micropore were measured by two independent systems, and thus, the error caused by the initial measurement angle of the microsphere and micropore is evaluated. The experimental results indicate that the measured micropore diameter is 194.542 µm and the roundness is 2.551 µm. The error caused by the initial measurement angle evaluated by the cubic Hermitian interpolation method can be ignored relative to the measurement results. The micropore structure parameters are precisely measured by the resonant probe combined with the morphology information of its top microsphere in this study, providing a research method for improving the measurement accuracy of micro–nano CMMs by combining microsphere morphology features.
Shocks, institutional change, and sustainability transitions
Authors: Johnstone Phil , Schot Johan
Published: November 2023

The role of exogenous shocks in influencing transition processes is of significant interest to a wide variety of research in sustainability science (SS). Such events disturb and interrupt path-dependent processes in sociotechnical systems. Sometimes this can lead to radical departures from existing trajectories, while at other times existing systems can be more resilient, adapting, or reconfiguring in response to a shock. In this paper, we explore the role that exogenous shocks can have on institutional change. The sustainability transition literature, as shaped by the multilevel perspective, has usually focused on shocks as windows of opportunity (WoO) where alternatives can break through due to strategic action. We offer the perspective of imprinting, which places primary attention on shocks leading to immediate and irreversible institutional change with long-term consequences. The usefulness of this concept is explored by examining the impact of two major shocks to the energy system: World War II and the 1973 oil crisis. It is concluded that the imprinting concept enables analysis that is attentive to how the underlying institutions of a system can be rapidly and deeply altered by the dynamics of exogenous shocks. It is argued that imprinting is an important complementary concept, next to windows of opportunity, for sustainability science research aiming to understand the period of turbulence we are living through.
The unfolding low-carbon transition in the UK electricity system
Authors: Pearson Peter J. G. , Watson Jim
Published: November 2023

The paper explores three periods in the UK electricity consumption–production system since World War II. The first two involved the development of an increasingly centralized, integrated system that provided electricity to meet growing post-war demand. It saw two major changes in governance, first to nationalization, then to privatization and liberalization. The third period started at the turn of the Century, driven by increasing evidence of the impact of fossil fuels on the Earth’s climate. The paper focuses on the drivers of change, within the UK and externally, and how they affected governance, technology deployment, and industry structure. It draws on the multi-level perspective and the concepts of governance and technological branching points to inform the analysis of each period. It shows that there is a considerable distance to travel toward a truly sustainable electricity system.
Building multi-system nexuses in low-carbon transitions: Conflicts and asymmetric adjustments in Norwegian ferry electrification
Authors: Andersen Allan Dahl , Geels Frank W. , Steen Markus , Bugge Markus M.
Published: November 2023

While nexus research in sustainability science has investigated the consequences of connected systems, it has paid less attention to the processes of building nexuses which is becoming increasingly important in low-carbon transitions because these often require the creation of new connections between multiple consumption–production systems. Building on multi-system research in the sustainability transitions literature, this paper introduces a conceptual system interface perspective on nexus-building which considers four dimensions (technology, actors, institutions, and resources) that are useful for analyzing nexus-building dynamics. We apply our framework to the case of electrification of ferries in Norway which requires the building of a new interface between the electricity system and the maritime transport system. The case study shows that the system interface was initially characterized by conflicts and tensions in all dimensions, which actors then attempted to resolve through cross-system intermediation and adjustment activities. These activities were asymmetrical because of differences in external pressures, urgency, unequal power relationships, and different degrees of interest in cross-system nexus building. Because important tensions remained unresolved, ferry actors started implementing sub-optimal workaround solutions in the diffusion phase.
Dimerization mechanism of an inverted-topology ion channel in membranes
Authors: Ernst Melanie , Orabi Esam A. , Stockbridge Randy B. , Faraldo-Gómez José D. , Robertson Janice L.
Published: November 2023

Many ion channels are multisubunit complexes where oligomerization is an obligatory requirement for function as the binding axis forms the charged permeation pathway. However, the mechanisms of in-membrane assembly of thermodynamically stable channels are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate a key advance by reporting the dimerization equilibrium reaction of an inverted-topology, homodimeric fluoride channel Fluc in lipid bilayers. While the wild-type channel is a long-lived dimer, we leverage a known mutation, N43S, that weakens Na
+
binding in a buried site at the interface, thereby unlocking the complex for reversible association in lipid bilayers. Single-channel recordings show that Na
+
binding is required for fluoride conduction while single-molecule microscopy experiments demonstrate that N43S Fluc exists in a dynamic monomer–dimer equilibrium in the membrane, even following removal of Na
+
. Quantifying the thermodynamic stability while titrating Na
+
indicates that dimerization occurs first, providing a membrane-embedded binding site where Na
+
binding weakly stabilizes the complex. To understand how these subunits form stable assemblies while presenting charged surfaces to the membrane, we carried out molecular dynamics simulations, which show the formation of a thinned membrane defect around the exposed dimerization interface. In simulations where subunits are permitted to encounter each other while preventing protein contacts, we observe spontaneous and selective association at the native interface, where stability is achieved by mitigation of the membrane defect. These results suggest a model wherein membrane-associated forces drive channel assembly in the native orientation while subsequent factors, such as Na
+
binding, result in channel activation.
Cell cycle responses to Topoisomerase II inhibition: Molecular mechanisms and clinical implications
Authors: Soliman Tanya N. , Keifenheim Daniel , Parker Peter J. , Clarke Duncan J.
Published: November 2023

DNA Topoisomerase IIA (Topo IIA) is an enzyme that alters the topological state of DNA and is essential for the separation of replicated sister chromatids and the integrity of cell division. Topo IIA dysfunction activates cell cycle checkpoints, resulting in arrest in either the G2-phase or metaphase of mitosis, ultimately triggering the abscission checkpoint if non-disjunction persists. These events, which directly or indirectly monitor the activity of Topo IIA, have become of major interest as many cancers have deficiencies in Topoisomerase checkpoints, leading to genome instability. Recent studies into how cells sense Topo IIA dysfunction and respond by regulating cell cycle progression demonstrate that the Topo IIA G2 checkpoint is distinct from the G2-DNA damage checkpoint. Likewise, in mitosis, the metaphase Topo IIA checkpoint is separate from the spindle assembly checkpoint. Here, we integrate mechanistic knowledge of Topo IIA checkpoints with the current understanding of how cells regulate progression through the cell cycle to accomplish faithful genome transmission and discuss the opportunities this offers for therapy.
Recent progress in 2D bipolar magnetic semiconductors
Authors: Chen Ju , Wang Xuening , An Yipeng , Gong Shi-Jing
Published: November 2023

Bipolar magnetic semiconductor (BMS) is a class of magnetic semiconductors, whose valence band maximum and conduction band minimum are fully spin-polarized with opposite spin directions. Due to the special energy band, half-metallicity can be easily obtained in BMS by gate voltage, and the spin polarization can be reversed between spin-up and down when the gate voltage switches from positive to negative. BMSs have great potential applications in spintronic devices, such as the field-effect spin valves, spin filters and spin transistors, etc. With the rapid progress of the two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials, researchers have identified a series of potential intrinsic 2D BMS materials using high-throughput computational methods. Additionally, methods such as doping, application of external stress, introduction of external fields, stacking of interlayer antiferromagnetic semiconductors, and construction of Janus structures have endowed existing materials with BMS properties. This paper reviews the research progress of 2D BMS. These advancements provide crucial guidance for the design and synthesis of BMS materials and offer innovative pathways for the future development of spintronics.
Stochastic resonance impact signal detection method based on a novel single potential well model
Authors: Li Kaiyu , Li Jun , Bai Qianfan , Zhong Zhiqiang , Jia Yinliang , Wang Ping
Published: November 2023

Our research introduces a novel stochastic resonance (SR) model featuring a single potential well and develops a dedicated detection system designed to address the challenging problem of detecting impact signals within a highly noisy background. We begin by examining the limitations of conventional metrics, such as the cross-correlation coefficient and kurtosis index, in identifying nonperiodic impact signals, and subsequently introduce an improved metric. By harnessing parameter-adjusted SR, this innovative potential well model and metric is integrated to formulate an adaptive detection method for nonperiodic impact signals. This method automatically adjusts system parameters in response to the input signal. Subsequently, numerical simulations of the system is conducted so as to perform a comparative analysis with experimental results obtained from both asymmetric single potential well and periodic potential systems. Our findings conclusively demonstrate the enhanced effectiveness of our proposed method in detecting impact signals within a high-noise environment. Furthermore, the method provides more accurate estimates of both the intensity and precise location of the input impact signal from the output results.
A rotating modified JNW spacetime as a Kerr black hole mimicker
Authors: Pal Kunal , Pal Kuntal , Shaikh Rajibul , Sarkar Tapobrata
Published: November 2023

The Event Horizon Telescope has recently observed the images and shadows of the compact objects M87* and Sgr A* at the centres of the galaxies Messier 87 and Milky Way. This has opened up a new window in observational astronomy to probe and test gravity and fundamental physics in the strong-field regime. In this paper, we construct a rotating version of a modified Janis-Newman-Winicour metric obtained through the Simpson-Visser regularisation procedure and constrain the metric parameters using the observed shadows of M87* and Sgr A*. Depending on parameter values, the spacetime metric represents either a naked singularity or a wormhole. We find that the naked singularity case is not consistent with observations, as it casts a shadow that is much smaller than the observed ones. On the other hand, the shadow formed by the wormhole branch, depending on the parameter values, is consistent with the observations. We put constraints on the wormhole throat radius by comparing the shadow with the observed ones of M87* and Sgr A*.
MetaPINNs: Predicting soliton and rogue wave of nonlinear PDEs via the improved physics-informed neural networks based on meta-learned optimization
Authors: Guo 郭 Yanan 亚楠 , Cao 曹 Xiaoqun 小群 , Song 宋 Junqiang 君强 , Leng 冷 Hongze 洪泽
Published: November 2023

Efficiently solving partial differential equations (PDEs) is a long-standing challenge in mathematics and physics research. In recent years, the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology has brought deep learning-based methods to the forefront of research on numerical methods for partial differential equations. Among them, physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are a new class of deep learning methods that show great potential in solving PDEs and predicting complex physical phenomena. In the field of nonlinear science, solitary waves and rogue waves have been important research topics. In this paper, we propose an improved PINN that enhances the physical constraints of the neural network model by adding gradient information constraints. In addition, we employ meta-learning optimization to speed up the training process. We apply the improved PINNs to the numerical simulation and prediction of solitary and rogue waves. We evaluate the accuracy of the prediction results by error analysis. The experimental results show that the improved PINNs can make more accurate predictions in less time than that of the original PINNs.
Sensing the heavy water concentration in an H2O–D2O mixture by solid–solid phononic crystals
Authors: Rahimi Mohammadreza , Bahrami Ali
Published: November 2023

A new method based on phononic crystals is presented to detect the concentration of heavy water (D2O) in an H2O–D2O mixture. Results have been obtained and analyzed in the concentration range of 0%–10% and 90%–100% D2O. A proposed structure of tungsten scatterers in an aluminum host is studied. In order to detect the target material, a cavity region is considered as a sound wave resonator in which the target material with different concentrations of D2O is embedded. By changing the concentration of D2O in the H2O–D2O mixture, the resonance frequency undergoes a frequency shift. Each 1% change in D2O concentration in the H2O–D2O mixture causes a frequency change of about 120 Hz. The finite element method is used as the numerical method to calculate and analyze the natural frequencies and transmission spectra of the proposed sensor. The performance evaluation index shows a high Q factor up to 1475758 and a high sensitivity up to 13075, which are acceptable values for sensing purposes. The other figures of merit related to the detection performance also indicate high-quality performance of the designed sensor.
Speed limit effect during lane change in a two-lane lattice model under V2X environment
Authors: Jin 金 Can 灿 , Peng 彭 Guang-Han 光含 , Nie 聂 Fang-Yan 方彦
Published: November 2023

Speed limit measures are ubiquitous due to the complexity of the road environment, which can be supplied with the help of vehicle to everything (V2X) communication technology. Therefore, the influence of speed limit on traffic system will be investigated to construct a two-lane lattice model accounting for the speed limit effect during the lane change process under V2X environment. Accordingly, the stability condition and the mKdV equation are closely associated with the speed limit effect through theory analysis. Moreover, the evolution of density and hysteresis loop is simulated to demonstrate the positive role of the speed limit effect on traffic stability in the cases of strong reaction intensity and high limited speed.
Channeling acceleration in crystals and nanostructures and studies of solid plasmas: new opportunities
Authors: Gilljohann Max F. , Mankovska Yuliia , San Miguel Claveria Pablo , Sytov Alexei , Bandiera Laura , Ariniello Robert , Davoine Xavier , Ekerfelt Henrik , Fiuza Frederico , Gremillet Laurent , Knetsch Alexander , Martinez Bertrand , Matheron Aimé , Piekarz Henryk , Storey Doug , Taborek Peter , Tajima Toshiki , Shiltsev Vladimir , Corde Sébastien
Published: November 2023

Plasma wakefield acceleration (PWFA) has shown illustrious
progress and resulted in an impressive demonstration of tens of GeV
particle acceleration in meter-long single structures. To reach even
higher energies in the 1 TeV to 10 TeV range, a promising scheme
is channeling acceleration in solid-density plasmas within crystals
or nanostructures.

The E336 experiment studies the beam-nanotarget interaction
with the highly compressed electron bunches available at the
FACET-II accelerator. These studies furthermore involve an in-depth
research on dynamics of beam-plasma instabilities in ultra-dense
plasma, its development and suppression in structured media like
carbon nanotubes and crystals, and its potential use to transversely
modulate the electron bunch.
Modular 3D printed platform for fluidically connected human brain organoid culture
Authors: Rezaei Babak , Giacomoni Jessica , Nilsson Fredrik , Sozzi Edoardo , Fiorenzano Alessandro , Parmar Malin , Keller Stephan S , Kajtez Janko
Published: November 2023

Brain organoid technology has transformed both basic and applied biomedical research and paved the way for novel insights into developmental processes and disease states of the human brain. While the use of brain organoids has been rapidly growing in the past decade, the accompanying bioengineering and biofabrication solutions have remained scarce. As a result, most brain organoid protocols still rely on commercially available tools and culturing platforms that had previously been established for different purposes, thus entailing suboptimal culturing conditions and excessive use of plasticware. To address these issues, we developed a 3D printing pipeline for the fabrication of tailor-made culturing platforms for fluidically connected but spatially separated brain organoid array culture. This all-in-one platform allows all culturing steps—from cellular aggregation, spheroid growth, hydrogel embedding, and organoid maturation—to be performed in a single well plate without the need for organoid manipulation or transfer. Importantly, the approach relies on accessible materials and widely available 3D printing equipment. Furthermore, the developed design principles are modular and highly customizable. As such, we believe that the presented technology can be easily adapted by other research groups and fuel further development of culturing tools and platforms for brain organoids and other 3D cellular systems.
Spatial and temporal evolution of electromagnetic pulses from solid target irradiated with multi-hundred-terawatt laser pulse inside target chamber
Authors: HE 何 Qiangyou 强友 , DENG 邓 Zhigang 志刚 , ZHANG 张 Zhimeng 智猛 , XIA 夏 Yadong 亚东 , ZHANG 张 Bo 博 , MENG 孟 Lingbiao 令彪 , HE 贺 Shukai 书凯 , HUANG 黄 Hua 华 , YANG 杨 Lei 雷 , LIU 刘 Hongjie 红杰 , FAN 范 Wei 伟 , LIN 林 Chen 晨 , ZHOU 周 Weimin 维民 , LI 李 Tingshuai 廷帅 , YAN 颜 Xueqing 学庆
Published: November 2023

Giant electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) induced by high-power laser irradiating solid targets interfere with various experimental diagnoses and even damage equipment, so unveiling the evolution of EMPs inside the laser chamber is crucial for designing effective EMP shielding. In this work, the transmission characteristics of EMPs as a function of distances from the target chamber center (TCC) are studied using B-dot probes. The mean EMP amplitude generated by picosecond laser-target interaction reaches 561 kV m−1, 357 kV m−1, 395 kV m−1, and 341 kV m−1 at 0.32 m, 0.53 m, 0.76 m, and 1 m from TCC, which decreases dramatically from 0.32 m to 0.53 m. However, it shows a fluctuation from 0.53 m to 1 m. The temporal features of EMPs indicate that time-domain EMP signals near the target chamber wall have a wider full width at half maximum compared to that close to TCC, mainly due to the echo oscillation of electromagnetic waves inside the target chamber based on simulation and experimentation. The conclusions of this study will provide a new approach to mitigate strong electromagnetic pulses by decreasing the echo oscillation of electromagnetic waves inside the target chamber during laser coupling with targets.
Development of a 2D spatial displacement estimation method for turbulence velocimetry of the gas puff imaging system on EAST
Authors: LI 李 Letian 乐天 , LIU 刘 Shaocheng 少承 , YAN 颜 Ning 宁 , LIU 刘 Xiaoju 晓菊 , GAO 高 Xiang 翔
Published: November 2023

A gas puff imaging (GPI) diagnostic has been developed and operated on EAST since 2012, and the time-delay estimation (TDE) method is used to derive the propagation velocity of fluctuations from the two-dimensional GPI data. However, with the TDE method it is difficult to analyze the data with fast transient events, such as edge-localized mode (ELM). Consequently, a method called the spatial displacement estimation (SDE) algorithm is developed to estimate the turbulence velocity with high temporal resolution. Based on the SDE algorithm, we make some improvements, including an adaptive median filter and super-resolution technology. After the development of the algorithm, a straight-line movement and a curved-line movement are used to test the accuracy of the algorithm, and the calculated speed agrees well with preset speed. This SDE algorithm is applied to the EAST GPI data analysis, and the derived propagation velocity of turbulence is consistent with that from the TDE method, but with much higher temporal resolution.
Intelligent processing of electromagnetic data using detrended and identification
Authors: Zhang Xian , Li Diquan , Liu Bei , Hu Yanfang , Mo Yao
Published: November 2023

The application of the electromagnetic method has accelerated due to the demand for the development of mineral resource, however the strong electromagnetic interference seriously lowers the data quality, resolution and detect effect. To suppress the electromagnetic interference, this paper proposes an intelligent processing method based on detrended and identification, and applies for wide field electromagnetic method (WFEM) data. First, we combined the improved intrinsic time scale decomposition and detrended fluctuation analysis algorithm for removing the trend noise. Then, we extracted the time domain characteristics of the WFEM data after removing the trend noise. Next, the arithmetic optimization algorithm was utilized to search for the optimal smoothing factor of the probabilistic neural network (PNN) algorithm, which realized to intelligently identify the noise data and WFEM effective data. Finally, the Fourier transform was performed to extract the spectrum amplitude of the effective frequency points from the reconstructed WFEM data, and the electric field curve was obtained. In these studies and applications, the fuzzy c-mean and PNN algorithm are contrasted. The proposed method indicated that the trend noise can be adaptively extracted and eliminated, the abnormal waveform or noise interference can be intelligently identified, the reconstructed WFEM data can effectively recover the pseudo-random signal waveform, and the shape of electric field curves were more stable. Simulation experiments and measured applications has verified that the proposed method can provide technical support for deep underground exploration.
New horizons in evidence synthesis for older adults
Authors: Cooper Nicola , Germeni Evi , Freeman Suzanne C , Jaiswal Nishant , Nevill Clareece R , Sutton Alex J , Taylor-Rowan Martin , Quinn Terence J
Published: November 2023

Evidence synthesis, embedded within a systematic review of the literature, is a well-established approach for collating and combining all the relevant information on a particular research question. A robust synthesis can establish the evidence base, which underpins best practice guidance. Such endeavours are frequently used by policymakers and practitioners to inform their decision making. Traditionally, an evidence synthesis of interventions consisted of a meta-analysis of quantitative data comparing two treatment alternatives addressing a specific and focussed clinical question. However, as the methods in the field have evolved, especially in response to the increasingly complex healthcare questions, more advanced evidence synthesis techniques have been developed. These can deal with extended data structures considering more than two treatment alternatives (network meta-analysis) and complex multicomponent interventions. The array of questions capable of being answered has also increased with specific approaches being developed for different evidence types including diagnostic, prognostic and qualitative data. Furthermore, driven by a desire for increasingly up-to-date evidence summaries, living systematic reviews have emerged. All of these methods can potentially have a role in informing older adult healthcare decisions. The aim of this review is to increase awareness and uptake of the increasingly comprehensive array of newer synthesis methods available and highlight their utility for answering clinically relevant questions in the context of older adult research, giving examples of where such techniques have already been effectively applied within the field. Their strengths and limitations are discussed, and we suggest user-friendly software options to implement the methods described.
Effects of PRRT2 mutation on brain gray matter networks in paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia
Authors: Li Xiuli , Lei Du , Qin Kun , Li Lei , Zhang Yingying , Zhou Dong , Kemp Graham J , Gong Qiyong
Published: November 2023

Although proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 is the primary causative gene of paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia, its effects on the brain structure of paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia patients are not yet clear. Here, we explored the influence of proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 mutations on similarity-based gray matter morphological networks in individuals with paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia. A total of 51 paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia patients possessing proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 mutations, 55 paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia patients possessing proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 non-mutation, and 80 healthy controls participated in the study. We analyzed the structural connectome characteristics across groups by graph theory approaches. Relative to paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia patients possessing proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 non-mutation and healthy controls, paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia patients possessing proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 mutations exhibited a notable increase in characteristic path length and a reduction in both global and local efficiency. Relative to healthy controls, both patient groups showed reduced nodal metrics in right postcentral gyrus, right angular, and bilateral thalamus; Relative to healthy controls and paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia patients possessing proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 non-mutation, paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia patients possessing proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 mutations showed almost all reduced nodal centralities and structural connections in cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical circuit including bilateral supplementary motor area, bilateral pallidum, and right caudate nucleus. Finally, we used support vector machine by gray matter network matrices to classify paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia patients possessing proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 mutations and paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia patients possessing proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 non-mutation, achieving an accuracy of 73%. These results show that proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 related gray matter network deficits may contribute to paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia, offering new insights into its pathophysiological mechanisms.
International Institutions as Forms and Fora: Rao Geping and the Law of International Organizations in China
Authors: Chen Yifeng
Published: November 2023

This article examines the emergence and development in China of the discipline of international organizations law by specifically focusing on the scholarship of Professor Rao Geping, a founding figure of the discipline. Rao’s writings are read in light of his personal life and professional career as well as China’s economic and social reforms and its foreign policy. A communitarian, cooperative and legal approach to international organizations emerged as Rao’s choice. International organizations are seen mostly as fora for interstate deliberations and negotiations and are approached mainly from their procedural aspect and channelling function. What has been highlighted is a facilitative, procedural and instrumental conception of international organizations rather than an autonomous, functional or regulatory one. Rao advocates an inclusive approach to international organizations, which tends to include flexible, informal frameworks into the ambit of the study of international organizations. In constructing institutions as forms and fora, Rao’s writings effectively play a double role, translating the liberal, progressive ideas of international organizations into domestic international legal studies and facilitating China’s continuous economic reform and political integration into the international system. Rao’s scholarship presents an instructive example of how a scholar from a semi-periphery country may navigate various tensions and paradoxes behind universal concepts and negotiate their concept of international organizations.
Characterization of Cell Type Abundance and Gene Expression Timeline from Burned Skin Bulk Transcriptomics by Deconvolution
Authors: Fei Xiaoyi , Zhu Min , Li Xueling
Published: November 2023

Currently, no timeline of cell heterogeneity in thermally injured skin has been reported. In this study, we proposed an approach to deconvoluting cell type abundance and expression from skin bulk transcriptomics with cell type signature matrix constructed by combining independent normal skin and peripheral blood scRNA-seq datasets. Using CIBERSORTx group mode deconvolution, we identified perturbed cell type fractions and cell type-specific gene expression in three stages postthermal injury. We found an increase in cell proportions and cell type-specific gene expression perturbation of neutrophils, macrophages, and endothelial cells and a decrease in CD4+ T cells, keratinocytes, melanocyte, and fibroblast cells, and cell type-specific gene expression perturbation postburn injury. Keratinocyte, fibroblast, and macrophage up regulated genes were dynamically enriched in overlapping and distinct Gene Ontology biological processes including acute phase response, leukocyte migration, metabolic, morphogenesis, and development process. Down-regulated genes were enriched in Wnt signaling, mesenchymal cell differentiation, gland and axon development, epidermal morphogenesis, and fatty acid and glucose metabolic process. We noticed an increase in the expression of CCL7, CCL2, CCL20, CCR1, CCR5, CCXL8, CXCL2, CXCL3, MMP1, MMP8, MMP3, IL24, IL6, IL1B, IL18R1, and TGFBR1 and a decrease in expression of CCL27, CCR10, CCR6, CCR8, CXCL9, IL37, IL17, IL7, IL11R, IL17R, TGFBR3, FGFR1-4, and IGFR1 in keratinocytes and/or fibroblasts. The inferred timeline of wound healing and CC and CXC genes in keratinocyte was validated on independent dataset GSE174661 of purified keratinocytes. The timeline of different cell types postburn may facilitate therapeutic timing.
A Bayesian latent class model for integrating multi-source longitudinal data: application to the CHILD cohort study
Authors: Lu Zihang , Subbarao Padmaja , Lou Wendy
Published: November 2023

Multi-source longitudinal data have become increasingly common. This type of data refers to longitudinal datasets collected from multiple sources describing the same set of individuals. Representing distinct features of the individuals, each data source may consist of multiple longitudinal markers of distinct types and measurement frequencies. Motivated by the CHILD cohort study, we develop a model for joint clustering multi-source longitudinal data. The proposed model allows each data source to follow source-specific clustering, and they are aggregated to yield a global clustering. The proposed model is demonstrated through real-data analysis and simulation study.
Efficient repair of human genetic defect by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated interlocus gene conversion
Authors: Yang Fei , Wang Yiyun , Wang Qiudao , Pang Jingtao , Liu Guolong , Yang Yang , Qin Shenguang , Zhang Ying , Lai Yongrong , Fu Bin , Zhu Yating , Wang Mengyao , Kurita Ryo , Nakamura Yukio , Liang Dan , Wu Yuxuan
Published: November 2023

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced by gene-editing tools are primarily repaired through non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homology-directed repair (HDR) using synthetic DNA templates. However, error-prone NHEJ may result in unexpected indels at the targeted site. For most genetic disorders, precise HDR correction using exogenous homologous sequence is ideal. But, the therapeutic application of HDR might be especially challenging given the requirement for the codelivery of exogenous DNA templates with toxicity into cells, and the low efficiency of HDR could also limit its clinical application. In this study, we efficiently repair pathogenic mutations in HBB coding regions of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene conversion (CRISPR/GC) using the paralog gene HBD as the internal template. After transplantation, these edited HSCs successfully repopulate the hematopoietic system and generate erythroid cells with significantly reduced thalassemia propensity. Moreover, a range of pathogenic gene mutations causing β-thalassemia in HBB coding regions were effectively converted to normal wild-type sequences without exogenous DNA templates using CRISPR/GC. This highlights the promising potential of CRISPR/GC, independent of synthetic DNA templates, for genetic disease gene therapy.
Vesiclepedia 2024: an extracellular vesicles and extracellular particles repository
Authors: Chitti Sai V , Gummadi Sriram , Kang Taeyoung , Shahi Sanjay , Marzan Akbar L , Nedeva Christina , Sanwlani Rahul , Bramich Kyle , Stewart Sarah , Petrovska Monika , Sen Biswadeep , Ozkan Alper , Akinfenwa Maria , Fonseka Pamali , Mathivanan Suresh
Published: November 2023

Vesiclepedia (http://www.microvesicles.org) is a free web-based compendium of DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids and metabolites that are detected or associated with extracellular vesicles (EVs) and extracellular particles (EPs). EVs are membranous vesicles that are secreted ubiquitously by cells from all domains of life from archaea to eukaryotes. In addition to EVs, it was reported recently that EPs like exomeres and supermeres are secreted by some mammalian cells. Both EVs and EPs contain proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and metabolites and has been proposed to be implicated in several key biological functions. Vesiclepedia catalogues proteins, DNA, RNA, lipids and metabolites from both published and unpublished studies. Currently, Vesiclepedia contains data obtained from 3533 EV studies, 50 550 RNA entries, 566 911 protein entries, 3839 lipid entries, 192 metabolite and 167 DNA entries. Quantitative data for 62 822 entries from 47 EV studies is available in Vesiclepedia. The datasets available in Vesiclepedia can be downloaded as tab-delimited files or accessible through the FunRich-based Vesiclepedia plugin.
TE-TSS: an integrated data resource of human and mouse transposable element (TE)-derived transcription start site (TSS)
Authors: Gu Xiaobing , Wang Mingdong , Zhang Xiao-Ou
Published: November 2023

Transposable elements (TEs) are abundant in the genome and serve as crucial regulatory elements. Some TEs function as epigenetically regulated promoters, and these TE-derived transcription start sites (TSSs) play a crucial role in regulating genes associated with specific functions, such as cancer and embryogenesis. However, the lack of an accessible database that systematically gathers TE-derived TSS data is a current research gap. To address this, we established TE-TSS, an integrated data resource of human and mouse TE-derived TSSs (http://xozhanglab.com/TETSS). TE-TSS has compiled 2681 RNA sequencing datasets, spanning various tissues, cell lines and developmental stages. From these, we identified 5768 human TE-derived TSSs and 2797 mouse TE-derived TSSs, with 47% and 38% being experimentally validated, respectively. TE-TSS enables comprehensive exploration of TSS usage in diverse samples, providing insights into tissue-specific gene expression patterns and transcriptional regulatory elements. Furthermore, TE-TSS compares TE-derived TSS regions across 15 mammalian species, enhancing our understanding of their evolutionary and functional aspects. The establishment of TE-TSS facilitates further investigations into the roles of TEs in shaping the transcriptomic landscape and offers valuable resources for comprehending their involvement in diverse biological processes.