bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penghambatan Xantin Oksidase Oleh Gel Ekstrak Takokak (Solanum torvum Swartz) Berbasis Nanoteknologi Secara In Vitro
Authors: Dwiyansyah Muhammad Imam , Insyira Rania , Mirsa Almira Maurilla , Sawalia Azzara Gita , Nugra Daffa , Salmi Salmi
Published: January 2025

Inhibition of xanthine oxidase is one of the strategies in handling gout. This study aims to explore the potential of takokak fruit extract (Solanum torvum Swartz) in inhibiting nanotechnology-based xanthine oxidase in the form of nanoemulgel. This research is an experimental study conducted in several stages, namely qualitative phytochemical tests, quantitative identification of total flavonoid content and preparation of nanoemulgel made with 3.75% extract with variations of surfactant Tween 80 and PEG 400, namely F1 (30:30), F2 (35:25) and F3 (40:20). The ability of the extract and nanoemulgel was evaluated in inhibiting xanthine oxidase. The results showed that the ethanol extract of takokak fruit contained flavonoids, saponins, phenolics and tannins qualitatively. The total flavonoid content in the extract was 4.472 ± 0.133 mgQE. Formulation F2 has the smallest particle size (18.5 nm) and polydispersity index of 0.1313. Takokak fruit extract has almost the same inhibitory power as allupurinol with an IC50 value of 45.54 ppm. The IC50 value of nanoemulgel 3.75% takokak extract is 29.26 ppm so that the IC50 of the extract in nanoemulgel form is 1.10 ppm (45 times the IC50 of the crude extract). In conclusion, Formula F2 is the best formula in the preparation of nanoemulgel with particle size and polydispersion index and strong xanthin oxidase inhibitory activity.
Keanekaragaman Pteridophyta di Tahura Nuraksa Kabupaten Lombok Barat
Authors: Ningsih Widia Ayu , Hadiprayitno Gito , Handayani Baiq Sri
Published: January 2025

Pteridophyta is a pioneer plant that has an important role because it can provide benefits for human life and the environment. Pteridophyta can maintain the balance of the forest ecosystem, namely regulating water levels, helping the weathering process of forest litter, and as a soil cover in the forest, thereby preventing erosion. The distribution of Pteridophyta plant populations is influenced by several factors including humidity, light, and sufficient water sources. This study uses a descriptive exploratory method which aims to determine the types of Pteridophyta and obtain the diversity index value of Pteridophyta species in Tahura (Taman Hutan Raya) Nuraksa, West Lombok Regency. Pteridophyta sampling used the quadratic method by making plot arranged in a zigzag with a size 5m x 5m. The results showed that the number of Pteridophyta found was 18 species, 12 genera, and 8 families (Athyriaceae, Denstaedtiaceae, Dryopteridaceae, Lomariopsis, Polypodiaceae, Pteridaceae, Tectariaceae, and Thelyptheridaceae. Analysis of Pteridophyta species diversity index using the Shannon-Wiener formula and obtained a species diversity index value (H') for all species of 2.209, with a medium species diversity category. The value of this diversity index shows the amount of variation in species and growth of Pteridophyta in accordance with environmental conditions in Tahura Nuraksa.
Potensi Aktivitas Antagonistik Streptomyces dari Rhizosfer Pohon Pule (Alstonia scholaris) sebagai Biokontrol
Authors: Isrianto Pramita Laksitarahmi , Wilujeng Sukian , Marmi Marmi
Published: January 2025

Pule plant (Alstonia scholaris) is one of the plants that is often chosen for greening purposes and can be used as a medicinal plant. The ability of Pule plant interaction with microbes is shown from its potential as a source of beneficial microbes, both from the phyllosphere, rhizosphere, and endophytes. The tree rhizosphere microbial ecosystem plays an important role in maintaining tree health and has the potential to produce microorganisms with biocontrol activities. This study aims to evaluate the antagonistic activity of Streptomyces sp isolated from the rhizosphere of Pule trees (Alstonia scholaris) on the ability to inhibit pathogenic bacteria. The research method used disc antagonist test to determine the effectiveness of Streptomyces sp. in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria, macroscopic and microscopic characterization observations to identify isolates, as well as KOH test and catalase test. The test samples were Streptomyces isolates against Bacillus sp., Fusarium sp., and Aspergillus sp. and the data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the isolate Streptomyces sp. has the ability to inhibit the growth of Bacillus sp. and Fusarium sp. In biochemical tests revealed that the isolate is a gram-positive bacterium, based on the results of the KOH test showed that Streptomyces sp. is not slimy (+), while the catalase test produced negative (-) showed no bubbles, meaning Streptomyces sp. does not inhibit the growth of Bacillus sp. and Aspergillus sp.
Karakteristik Mutu Pikel Jahe dengan Penambahan Ekstrak Bawang Dayak
Authors: Anggarkasih Made Gayatri , Fatimah Ai Imas Faidoh , Hapsari Rianti Dyah , Nurwitri CC , Qalbi Rainatul
Published: January 2025

Processing ginger into pickles can provide added economic value and potentially become an export commodity. Ginger pickles are made by soaking ginger slices in a salt solution. Improving the quality of elephant ginger pickles can be done by adding natural dyes to have a pink color like Gari. Dayak onion extract can be used as a natural dye. This research aimed to determine the quality characteristics of ginger pickle with the addition of Dayak onion extract to the soaking medium at 7 dan 14 fermentation days and compare it with a salt solution soaking medium of various concentrations. This study is experimental research that used a Completely Randomized Design consisting of 6 treatments, namely a water-based and a Dayak onion extract-based soaking solution, each made with 5%, 7%, and 9% (w/v) salt concentration. The results showed (1) Adding Dayak Onion extract and variations of salt concentration in elephant ginger pickles had a significant effect on pH, and TPT and had no significant effect on the color and number of lactic acid bacteria); (2) Ginger pickles with a water-based 7% concentration salt solution (P2) most preferred treatment by the panelists.
Macrozoobenthos Diversity in The Fisheries Mangrove Ecotourism Area in Pulau Banyak Village Langkat District
Authors: Manullang Helentina Mariance , Lubis Zulkarnain , Sabrina Raja
Published: January 2025

Mangroves are important ecosystems located in tidal areas and become habitats for various types of biota, including macrozobenthos. Macrozobenthos is a group of animals that inhabit the bottom waters of mangrove ecosystems. This study aims to analyze the diversity of macrozobenthos species in the mangrove ecotourism area of Pulau Banyak village, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra. This research was conducted from October 2022 to October 2023 in the fisheries-based mangrove ecotourism area in Pulau Bayak village, Langkat Regency. The research location was divided into three research stations. Macrozobentos observations were made once a month. Sample collection is done by collecting directly by hand, the samples collected are on the sample map (plot) measuring 1 x 1 meter making as many as 10 pieces for every 100 m2. Data were analyzed using the Paleontological Statistic (PAST) Version 4.0 tool. Parameters studied include diversity index, evenness, species richness, and dominance. Based on the results of the analysis, it is known that the diversity index is in the medium category with a value of 2.4-2.5, while the evenness index is in the high category with a value of 0.91 - 0.92, then the species richness index is in a low category with a value of 2.20 - 2.22 and the dominance index shows that there are no certain species that dominate this ecosystem with an index value close to 0. Thus, it can be concluded that this fisheries-based mangrove ecotourism area is in good condition and can support the lives of organisations associated with mangrove ecosystems.
Induksi Pertumbuhan Tunas Tanaman Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) Secara In Vitro
Authors: Asri Elita , Harahap Fauziyah , Hasairin Ashar
Published: January 2025

This study aims to determine the effect of plant growth regulators and seed cutting patterns on the induction of mangosteen shoot growth. The research was conducted at the YAHDI Tissue Culture Laboratory in Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia, in 20245. The method used in this study was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors: BAP concentration and seed cutting pattern. The data collected were analyzed using statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% significance level using SPSS 26. The results of the study show that the interaction between BAP concentration and seed cutting pattern significantly affected the time of shoot emergence, the number of leaves, and the shoot height. The best shoot emergence time was obtained with a BAP treatment of 4 mg/L using whole seed explants, which occurred at 1 MST (Month After Sowing). A BAP concentration of 2 mg/L with whole seed explants produced the highest number of leaves, with 8 leaves. The highest number of shoots was obtained from explants planted in a medium with 6 mg/L BAP, which resulted in 5.67 shoots. Whole seeds planted in a medium with 0 mg/L BAP produced the tallest plants, measuring 8.9 cm. The combination of BAP concentration and seed cutting pattern did not significantly affect the number of roots.
Development of Student Activity Sheets (LAPD) Oriented to Project Based Learning (PjBL) to Improve Chemical Literacy Skills on Redox Material
Authors: Suryawan Karina Ristya , Mitarlis Mitarlis
Published: January 2025

In the era of 21st century skills, the literacy scores of Indonesian students according to the results of the PISA study (2022) are still relatively low. The existence of learning loss after the covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on reducing learning outcomes and students' chemical literacy skills on redox material. This research aims to produce LAPD oriented to project based learning to improve chemical literacy skills on redox material. The method used is Research and Development (R&D) with a 4D model (define, design, develop, disseminate), but is limited to the develop stage. In this research, a limited trial was conducted on 29 students in 11th Grde Science 2 class, at a private school in Mojokerto, who had received redox material. Data analysis was carried out descriptively quantitatively. The validity (content and construct) of LAPD is valid, obtaining a mode of 4 with a good category. The practicality of LAPD is practical, the results of the student response questionnaire obtained a percentage of 96.78% with a very good category. The effectiveness of LAPD iseffective, the n-gain of the chemical literacy test with a high category of 93.10% and a medium category of 6.90%; and the results of the paired sample t-test obtained a Sig.2-tailed value of 0.000 < 0.05 so that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that LAPD oriented to project based learning to improve chemical literacy skills on redox material, worthy of use
Preliminary Study on the Potential of Red Fruit Pigment (Pandanus conoideus) from West Papua as Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC)
Authors: Stepanus Jamius Bin , Patiran Abdul Zaid , Sumarna Sabir , Islam Muh. Fajar
Published: January 2025

The red fruit (Pandanus conoideus) is an endemic plant from Papua, known for its distinctive color and shape. This fruit is recognized for its bioactive properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antihyperglycemic effects. Its high pigment content is believed to have potential as a sensitizer in DSSC applications. However, research on this topic remains underexplored. Therefore, the aim of this preliminary study is to investigate the potential of red fruit pigments for DSSC. The characterization of red fruit pigments was conducted through phytochemical screening, FTIR and UV-Vis spectral analysis, as well as literature reviews. Pigment extraction was carried out using maceration without involving drying or grinding processes. Phytochemical screening results revealed that the macerate contains flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics and terpenoids, compounds commonly used as natural pigments in DSSCs. FTIR analysis showed the presence of functional groups such as carboxyl (-COOH), carbonyl (C=O), and hydroxyl (-OH), which can act as effective anchoring groups when interacting with nanosemiconductor surfaces. Meanwhile, UV-Vis analysis showed absorption peaks in the UV region (wavelength 204–399 nm) and the visible region (wavelength 400–550 nm). Based on literature studies and research findings, it can be concluded that the pigments in red fruit have potential applications as DSSC sensitizers.
Development of Student Activity Sheets (SAS) to Practice Each Creativity Characteristics on Redox Reaction with Project Based Learning (PjBL) Model
Authors: Fathimah Aurellia Inin , Mitarlis Mitarlis
Published: January 2025

This study aims to determine the feasibility of a Project Based Learning (PjBL) based student activity sheet (SAS) as a learning media on redox reaction material. The feasibility of this SAS is reviewed based on validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The research method used is the research and development model. The product trial design used a one-group pretest posttest. This research was conducted with a total of 29 student in class XI. The research instruments used in this study were SAS validation sheet, student response questionnaire sheet, student activity observation sheet, learning implementation observation sheet, creativity test question sheet, and learning outcome test question sheet. The SAS developed was declared: (1) feasible because it gets a mode score of 4, (2) practical because it gets the results of the student response questionnaire of 97.6%, the results of the observation of student activity and the observation of learning implementation which gets a mode score of 5, (3) effective for training student' creativity because it gets a p-value of 0.000 from the results of the paired sample t-test which shows that the posttest value is higher than the pretest value and there is a significant difference between the pretest and posttest values. The effectiveness of the developed SAS is also supported by the results of the learning outcomes test which get a p-value of 0.000 from the paired sample t-test results which also show that the posttest value is higher than the pretest value and there is a significant difference between the pretest and posttest values. For this reason, PjBL-based SAS on redox reaction material is suitable for use as a learning medium.
Synthesis of Cellulose Straw and Rice Husk as Raw Materials for Bioplastic Production
Authors: Hardi Gilar Wisnu , Dewi Berlian Kusuma , Toruan Sari Artauli Lumban , Nurjanah Suci , Fitriana Syifa Ayu , Yunita Lia
Published: January 2025

The development of environmentally friendly materials such as bioplastics is a solution to reduce the negative impact of conventional plastics on the environment. This study presents a novel approach by utilizing hemicellulose extracted from rice straw and husks—abundant agricultural waste materials—as the main raw materials for bioplastic production. Hemicellulose was extracted using the alkalization method, and its characterization was carried out through FTIR analysis to identify typical polysaccharide functional groups. The results of the analysis showed the presence of O-H, C-H, and C-O-C groups, which indicate the glycosidic structure of hemicellulose, as well as indications of residual lignin with C=C groups. The resulting hemicellulose was then processed into bioplastics with the addition of plasticizers and reinforcing materials, incorporating glycerin, CMC, and TiO₂ to enhance mechanical properties and biodegradability. Mechanical and degradation tests demonstrated superior performance, highlighting the synergy between these additives. This study provides an innovative strategy for transforming agricultural waste into high-value bioplastics, contributing to sustainability and advancing green material technology.
Absorption of Metal Ions and Dyes in Liquid Waste : A Literature Review
Authors: Indah Dahlia Rosma , Afriani Aulia , Nurwahidah Nurwahidah
Published: January 2025

Industrial development and population growth cause a lot of waste to enter water bodies, causing pollution. A number of studies have been carried out to remove metal ions and dyes in waters. Adsorption is the most widely used method to absorb heavy metal ions and harmful dyes by utilizing natural resources that are still abundant, for example, agricultural, livestock, and fishery waste. Adsorption can also use activated or modified absorbent materials to increase porosity and expand the surface plane. In this review, the adsorption method and results obtained by the researcher with various absorbent materials are summarized which are mostly carried out in the last ten years. The purpose of this review is to provide input in finding alternatives to other absorbent materials or eliminating pollutants harmful to human health and the environment.
Taxonomic Composition and Use Directions of the Genus Thyme (Thymus L.) Distributed in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
Authors: Ganbarov D. , Guliyeva N. , Huseynov H.
Published: January 2025

In the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, the Lamiaceae family includes the genus Thymus, which includes the most common aromatic species in the world. The chapter is characterized by 135 species in 31 genera. In Azerbaijan, there are 16 species of this genus, and in the Nakhchivan region — 7 species. Thymus L. — species of the genus Thymus are found in different areas of the mountain belt. The species included in the genus are used as medicinal, ecological, economic, food and spice plants. Taking all this into account, the study of the taxonomic composition of the genus thyme and the directions of its use is recognized as a relevant topic. The authors draw conclusions about the prospects for using the species.
Systematic Composition and Ecology of Species of the Genus Nepeta L. Flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
Authors: Babayeva S. , Guliyeva N. , Novruzov H. , Bakhshaliyeva A.
Published: January 2025

The systematic composition of the genus Nepeta L. of the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic is presented. This is one of the most widespread genera of the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. The genus Nepeta is a perennial herbaceous plant cultivated in many regions of the world, especially in mountainous and semi-desert zones. The section is represented by 31 genera and 135 species. In Azerbaijan, 26 species of this genus are found. Nepeta L. is common on rocky-stony and roadside roadsides of the region. The species included in the genus are used in medical, ecological, decorative and cosmetic practice. As a result of the studies, it was established that 15 species of this genus were found in the flora of the Nakhchivan Republic. The species belonging to the genus are used in medical, ecological, decorative and cosmetic fields.
Methods for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Social Media Marketing Campaigns
Authors: Korelova L.
Published: January 2025

This article examines the methodological aspects of evaluating the effectiveness of marketing campaigns on social media. It highlights the significance of such evaluations, emphasizing their role in optimizing processes, identifying areas for improvement, enhancing decision-making, ensuring alignment with objectives, and enabling iterative progress. The study identifies the unique characteristics of assessing social media marketing campaigns, contrasting them with traditional, non-digital methods commonly used in internal business marketing. The article reviews widely used methods for evaluating social media marketing performance and argues for the development of a customized approach that integrates multiple evaluation techniques with diverse origins, principles, and metrics. Particular attention is given to customer journey mapping as a tool for identifying and resolving potential "bottlenecks" in social media marketing efforts. The article describes the main stages of journey mapping and suggests key metrics for evaluation. It also discusses data sources and provides structured recommendations for creating a company-specific methodology for assessing social media marketing effectiveness. The study emphasizes the importance of setting clear goals, defining specific metrics and key performance indicators, incorporating diverse measures, and automating analytics for long-term use. Finally, it advocates for focusing on creative development as part of the optimization process. This research is intended for marketers working in social media, offering insights into comprehensive evaluation and strategies for improving campaign effectiveness.
Legal Nature of Types of Representation in Court
Authors: Matisakova Z.
Published: January 2025

The article examines the nature and types of representation in court as the main institution of justice. The author's goal is to describe and analyze the main types of representation in court. The article also examines the provisions of the regulatory framework for legal representation in civil litigation. The methodological basis of scientific research is logical, relatively legal, formal legal and other methods. The results of the study are aimed at analyzing various types of representation in court, developing proposals to improve practice and using them as additional material for the science of civil procedural law.
Digital Transformation in Education: the Beginning of a New Era
Authors: Atamuratov R. , Xushvaqtov A.
Published: January 2025

Digital technology is a powerful tool that can support and transform education in many ways, from making it easier for teachers to choose learning materials to enabling learners to create new ways of learning. that digital transformation is one of the main factors that guarantee quality education.
Some Aspects of Patriotic Education of Future Teachers
Authors: Zhoroeva R.
Published: January 2025

The importance of patriotic education of future teachers in the education system of Kyrgyzstan is considered. For centuries, the love of the people for their homeland, the protection of their interests and unity, and respect for the heritage of their ancestors have formed the basis of patriotic feeling. In most post-Soviet countries, patriotism has become an important part of the political discourse in order to form a national and civic identity. The formation of the Kyrgyz nation - a single civic nation uniting representatives of various ethnic groups living in Kyrgyzstan, should be really strengthened in their consciousness through feelings of love for their country, pride in it, and patriotism. Formation of interest in love for the Kyrgyz land, knowledge of its ancient history is one of the main tasks of modern education. Patriotism is an essential structural and integral part of the national idea, culture and science. Fostering a sense of patriotism is very important for the future of Kyrgyzstan. Patriotic education of future teachers helps to convey national values to the younger generation. Education of patriotic youth is a living, responsible process.
Climate Change and the Formation of Social Responsibility in Culture
Authors: Kedeybaeva Zh. , Tashbolotova S. , Rysbekkyzy N.
Published: January 2025

This article examines the relationship between climate change and the development of social responsibility within cultural contexts. It explores how environmental challenges have led to shifts in societal values and the redefinition of individual and collective responsibilities towards nature and future generations. By analyzing cultural narratives and practices, the study highlights the role of climate change in shaping modern ethics and social behaviors. Special attention is given to the interaction between ecological sustainability and cultural adaptation, revealing the importance of fostering environmental consciousness through cultural frameworks.
Navigating Anxiety through Defense Mechanisms: A Truthist Perspective on Human Ignorance and Awareness.
Authors: Nabiri M.
Published: January 2025

In a world where the pursuit of truth is paramount, this article explores the intricate relationship between human ignorance, anxiety, and the defense mechanisms employed to cope with these existential challenges. Methods. Through a comprehensive analysis, the study delves into the origins of these defense mechanisms, illustrating how they serve as barriers to self-awareness and personal growth. Results. The findings suggest that the innate human tendency to evade uncomfortable realities fosters a cycle of ignorance and anxiety, ultimately hindering individual development. By recognizing and confronting these defense mechanisms, individuals can cultivate a deeper understanding of their true selves and navigate the complexities of life with greater resilience and authenticity. Discussion. This article contributes to the discourse on psychological resilience, offering insights for mental health professionals, educators, and individuals seeking to embrace truth as a pathway to personal liberation and growth.
Anger in Public Speeches and Debates with a Focus on Speech Strategies and Tactics
Authors: Abdyrazakova M. , Isakova K. , Kultaeva N.
Published: January 2025

This article explores the concept of anger in the context of public speeches and debates, emphasizing the various speech strategies and tactics used to convey this emotion. The study analyzes how speakers utilize language to express, amplify, or control anger, examining the rhetorical techniques employed in both formal and informal settings. The research highlights the persuasive power of anger in influencing audiences, the cultural differences in expressing anger, and the impact of such emotional displays on the effectiveness of communication. The findings offer insights into the role of anger as a rhetorical tool in political discourse, media, and public communication.
Development Features of Modal Words and Exclamations.
Authors: Piriyeva O.
Published: January 2025

The article deals with modal words and exclamations, which are considered by most linguists as auxiliary parts of speech. The features of the development of modal words and exclamations in the Azerbaijani language are based on concrete linguistic facts. Their morphological affiliation and syntactic functions in our language, and the grammatical nuances of their expression are explained by giving examples. It is also noted that modal words are one of the means of expression of modality, that is, although all modal words are intermediate words, not all intermediate words are modal words. The emotionality manifested in the exclamations is not its syntactic function, but its morphological character.
Pembagian Hadis Serta Kedudukannya Dalam Penetapan Hukum Islam
Authors: Rahmawati Naili
Published: January 2025

Hadis merupakan salah satu sumber hukum Islam yang memiliki kedudukan sangat penting dalam penetapan hukum Islam. Sejak sepeninggal Rasulullah hingga saat ini telah melampaui masa yang begitu panjang sehingga para ulama ahli hadis mengumpulkan dan menyeleksi hadis-hadis serta mengelompokkannya agar mudah untuk dijadikan hujjah. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi macam-macam hadis serta kedudukannya sebagai sumber hukum Islam. Metode yang digunakan ialah library research dengan menggali informasi dari berbagai literatur. Dengan demikian, temuan yang dihasilkan ialah bahwa para ulama ahli hadis mengkategorikan hadis berdasarkan matan, sanad, serta matan dan sanad. Pembagian hadis dilakukan untuk mempermudah dalam menilai kualitas suatu hadis sebagai sumber hukum. Hal ini dapat mempengaruhi ketetapan hukum yang diperoleh.
Pengaruh Earning Per Share, Debt To Equity Ratio, Current Ratio, dan Investment Opportunity Set Terhadap Kebijakan Dividen Perusahaan Sub Sektor Produksi Batu Bara
Authors: Rohmawaty Alifia Putri Amelia , Wijayanti Rika , Sari Padma Adriana
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Earnings Per Share (EPS), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Current Ratio (CR), and Investment Opportunity Set (IOS) on dividend policy in Coal Production Sub-Sector Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2018– 2021. This study is quantitative descriptive and documentation techniques are used to obtain data. There are 19 companies in the coal production sub-sector, all of which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sample determination was carried out by purposive sampling and 8 samples were obtained. The secondary data used were financial statements from 2018 to 2021, then analyzed using a multiple linear regression model in SPSS version 26. The results showed that DER and IOS partially had a significant effect on the Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR), while EPS and CR did not affect the DPR. DPR is simultaneously influenced by EPS, DER, CR, and IOS. For this purpose, companies must pay attention to the ability to buy debt and future discovery opportunities to consider dividend payments to shareholders.
Analisis Value Chain Sebagai Alat Untuk Menciptakan Efisiensi Biaya Guna Menunjang Strategi Cost Leadership pada Mebel Karya
Authors: Muhlisoh Wardatul , Nurfitriasih Dyah Metha , Amalia Riezky
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis rantai nilai dengan menggunakan strategi kepemimpinan biaya dalam konteks organisasi atau perusahaan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder dari Mebel Karya. Data primer terkait aktivitas perusahaan diperoleh melalui observasi mengenai jalannya proses produksi, aktivitas selama perusahaan, dan biaya selama produksi serta wawancara dengan pemilik usaha Mebel Karya. Data sekunder terkait dengan data rinci tentang biaya masing-masing aktivitas baik aktivitas utama maupun aktivitas pendukung dan laporan laba rugi tahun 2021. Hasil penelitian ini membagi aktivitas perusahaan menjadi aktivitas primer dan aktivitas pendukung. Aktivitas primer meliputi Inbound Logistics, Operations, Outbound Logistics, Marketing and Sales, dan Service. Sedangkan aktivitas sekunder meliputi Procurement, Technology Development, Human Resources, dan Firm Infrastructure. Pada masing-masing aktivitas terdapat empat aktivitas yang tidak memiliki nilai tambah, meliputi penyiapan bahan baku, penyiapan pengiriman, survei bahan baku ke supplier, dan pelatihan skill karyawan. Keempat aktivitas tersebut termasuk dalam aktivitas inbound logistics, outbound logistics, pengadaan, dan HRM. Sehingga Mebel Karya dapat menghilangkan aktivitas tersebut dan dapat menghemat biaya sebesar Rp. 4.750.764. Data tersebut dapat menjadi acuan bagi Mebel Karya untuk meningkatkan efektivitas aktivitas serta meminimalisir waktu dan biaya.
Research progress on Sertoli cell secretion during spermatogenesis
Authors: Xiao Yao , Zhang Jingyi , Guan Yanxin , Wang Meijing , Liu Dehong , Xiong Shengxi , Li Junjun , Yu Xujun
Published: January 2025

Sertoli cells (SCs), as the somatic cells in the testis of male mammals, play a crucial role in the close association with germ cells. The blood-testicular barrier (BTB), established by their tight junctions, provides immune protection to germ cells, leading to their characterization as "sentinel" cells. Moreover, the physiological process of testicular development and spermatogenesis in male animals is intricately tied to the secretory activities of SCs. These cells secrete a diverse array of proteins and cytokines that interact with various targets, working in concert with mechanisms in the spermatogenesis pathway and contributing to each stage, from spermatogonial cell division to the maturation of spermatozoa. Hence, the secretory products of SCs are pivotal in fostering germ cell development and directing the appropriate maturation of sperm. This study is dedicated to investigating the varied secretions of SCs, outlining their critical functions throughout distinct phases of spermatogenesis, thus elucidating the substantial influence of SC secretion on male fertility. Furthermore, it offers valuable perspectives on reproductive disorders stemming from irregular spermatogenesis in clinical contexts.
Caspase-1 activation, IL-1/IL-6 signature and IFNγ-induced chemokines in lungs of COVID-19 patients
Authors: Cambon Audrey , Guervilly Christophe , Delteil Clémence , Potere Nicola , Bachelier Richard , Tellier Edwige , Abdili Evelyne , Leprince Marine , Giani Marco , Polidoro Ildo , Albanese Valentina , Ferrante Paolo , Coffin Laurence , Schiffrin Michael , Arnaud Laurent , Lacroix Romaric , Roque Sandrine , Forel Jean-Marie , Hraiech Sami , Daniel Laurent , Papazian Laurent , Dignat-George Françoise , Kaplanski Gilles
Published: January 2025

Rationale

COVID-19-associated acute-respiratory distress syndrome (C-ARDS) results from a direct viral injury associated with host excessive innate immune response mainly affecting the lungs. However, cytokine profile in the lung compartment of C-ARDS patients has not been widely studied, nor compared to non-COVID related ARDS (NC-ARDS).

Objectives

To evaluate caspase-1 activation, IL-1 signature, and other inflammatory cytokine pathways associated with tissue damage using post-mortem lung tissues, bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF), and serum across the spectrum of COVID-19 severity.

Methods

Histological features were described and activated-caspase-1 labeling was performed in 40 post-mortem biopsies. Inflammatory cytokines were quantified in BALF and serum from 19 steroid-treated-C-ARDSand compared to 19 NC-ARDS. Cytokine concentrations were also measured in serum from 128 COVID-19 patients at different severity stages.

Measurements and main results

Typical “diffuse alveolar damage” in lung biopsies were associated with activated caspase-1 expression and vascular lesions. Soluble Caspase-1p20, IL-1β, IL-1Ra, IL-6 and at lower level IFNγ and CXCL-10, were highly elevated in BALF from steroid-treated-C-ARDS as well as in NC-ARDS. IL-1β appeared concentrated in BALF, whereas circulating IL-6 and IL-1Ra concentrations were comparable to those in BALF and correlated with severity. TNFα, TNFR1 and CXCL8 however, were significantly higher in NC-ARDS compared to C-ARDS, treated by steroid.

Conclusions

In the lungs of C-ARDS, both caspase-1 activation with a predominant IL-1β/IL-6 signature and IFNγ -associated chemokines are elevated despite steroid treatment. These pathways may be specifically targeted in ARDS to improve response to treatment and to limit alveolar and vascular lung damage.
Biorefinery—inspired, two-step valorization strategy to manage plant-based recalcitrant organic waste, involving solvent extraction, and fermentation with Bacillus clausii—a proof of concept study
Authors: Meppoyilam Sreejith , Madhavan Ajith , Bose Chinchu , Pooja Jayasree , Suresh Swetha , Nair Bipin G. , Pal Sanjay
Published: January 2025

Approximately 40–50% of municipal solid waste is organic and causing biogenic malodor and infections, due to inefficient treatment methods. Biorefinery-based bioremediation and valorization is in vogue against these conventional strategies since it combines unit operations for better efficiency and productivity. Deriving inspiration, the proposed strategy puts together a unique and compatible combination of processes. This novel two-step valorization workflow involves the extraction of small molecules using organic solvents, and fermentation of resulting denatured residues (increased biodegradability or decreased recalcitrance) of reduced microbial load. The extraction step also doubles up as a sterilization event, with different solvents (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl methyl ketone and methanol) exhibiting varied efficiency, methanol and ethyl methyl ketone being the most effective. Different recalcitrant plant organic wastes resulting from four plants (Cocos nucifera, Allium cepa, Artocarpus hirsutus and Swietenia mahagoni) were used as feedstocks in the preliminary exploratory study using chosen pathogenic bacteria. Onion peel (Allium cepa) ethyl methyl ketone extract was chosen for further studies, as it inhibits Salmonella enterica, which is associated with infection and malodour (due to biogenic H2S) in wastewater. Further, fractionation of the extract yielded quercetin and its glycoside. The onion peel residue, after solvent extraction was fortified with peptone and essential minerals to promote the growth of Bacillus clausii. Fortified post-extraction residue supported the growth better than the pre-extraction residue. The residue resultant after solvent extraction was fermented with Bacillus clausii and with release of bioactive supernatants. The concentrated supernatant showed significant inhibition of Salmonella enterica and Shigella dysenteriae. Additionally, all the exudates showed considerable inhibition in H2S production, respectively.
First-trimester metabolic profiling of gestational diabetes mellitus: insights into early-onset and late-onset cases compared with healthy controls
Authors: Dudzik Danuta , Atanasova Vangeliya , Barbas Coral , Bartha Jose Luis
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a global health concern with significant short and long-term complications for both mother and baby. Early prediction of GDM, particularly late-onset, is crucial for implementing timely interventions to mitigate adverse outcomes. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive metabolomic analysis to explore potential biomarkers for early GDM prediction.

Methods

Plasma samples were collected during the first trimester from 60 women: 20 with early-onset GDM, 20 with late-onset GDM, and 20 with normal glucose tolerance. Using advanced analytical techniques, including liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), we profiled over 150 lipid species and central carbon metabolism intermediates.

Results

Significant metabolic alterations were observed in both early- and late-onset GDM groups compared to healthy controls, with a specific focus on glycerolipids, fatty acids, and glucose metabolism. Key findings revealed a 4.0-fold increase in TG(44:0), TG(46:0), TG(46:1) with p-values <0.001 and TG(46:2) with 4.7-fold increase and p-value <0.0001 as well as changes in several phospholipids as PC(38:3), PC(40:4) with 1.4-fold increase, p < 0.001 and PE(34:1), PE(34:2) and PE(36:2) with 1.5-fold change, p < 0.001 in late-onset GDM.

Discussion

Observed lipid changes highlight disruptions in energy metabolism and inflammatory pathways. It is suggested that lipid profiles with distinct fatty acid chain lengths and degrees of unsaturation can serve as early biomarkers of GDM risk. These findings underline the importance of integrating metabolomic insights with clinical data to develop predictive models for GDM. Such models could enable early risk stratification, allowing for timely dietary, lifestyle, or medical interventions aimed at optimizing glucose regulation and preventing complications such as preeclampsia, macrosomia, and neonatal metabolic disorders. By focusing on metabolic disruptions evident in the first trimester, this approach addresses a critical window for improving maternal and fetal outcomes. Our study demonstrates the value of metabolomics in understanding the metabolic perturbations associated with GDM. Future research is needed to validate these biomarkers in larger cohorts and assess their integration into clinical workflows for personalized pregnancy care.
Determinants of epilepsy among outpatients in public health institutions of Dawo district, South West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2023: an institutional-based unmatched case-control study
Authors: Alemu Teshoma , Cheru Abera , Daba Lema , Tiki Takele , Ifa Meseret
Published: January 2025

Background

Globally, in ~50% of epilepsy cases, the underlying cause remains unknown, despite the fact that various disease pathways may contribute to the condition. Nearly 80% of people with epilepsy live in low- and middle-income countries and the risk of premature death in people with epilepsy is up to three times higher than that for the general population. Identifying the determinants of epilepsy is important for applying evidence-based interventions to achieve a better outcome. However, this information is scarce in a country with limited resources like Ethiopia.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the determinant of epilepsy among outpatients in Dawo public health institutions, from 29 February to 15 April 2023.

Method

An institution-based unmatched case-control study design was used, involving 61 cases and 122 control study subjects, who were selected using a consecutive sampling technique from public health institutions in Dawo. Data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. The data were coded, entered into EpiDATA version 3.1, and exported to SPSS version 20, for further analysis. Descriptive analysis was used to determine the percentages and frequency distributions. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the determinants of epilepsy, and a variable with p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

A total of 61 cases and 120 controls were included in the study, with an overall response rate of 98.90%. The majority of participants, 38 (62.3) of the cases and 63 (52.5) of the controls, were farmers by occupation. A family history of epilepsy (AOR = 13.71 95% CI 3.030–22.006), history of febrile seizure (AOR = 14.57 95% CI 2.930–24.522), history of head injury (AOR = 6.853 95% CI 1.780–16.402), and non-use of latrine were found to be determinants of epilepsy (AOR = 0.028 95% CI 0.008–0.040).

Conclusion and recommendations

The current study identified a family history of epilepsy, a history of febrile seizures, head injury, and unavailability of latrines as independent predictors of epilepsy in the study area. The information that adverse febrile seizures increase the risk of epilepsy suggests that a significant proportion of epilepsy cases in Dawo district could be prevented through improved maternal, neonatal, and child care. It is recommended that the Dawo Health Office, along with relevant stakeholders, focus on addressing this issue at various levels.
The potential of short-wave infrared hyperspectral imaging and deep learning for dietary assessment: a prototype on predicting closed sandwiches fillings
Authors: Kok Esther , Chauhan Aneesh , Tufano Michele , Feskens Edith , Camps Guido
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Accurate measurement of dietary intake without interfering in natural eating habits is a long-standing problem in nutritional epidemiology. We explored the applicability of hyperspectral imaging and machine learning for dietary assessment of home-prepared meals, by building a proof-of-concept, which automatically detects food ingredients inside closed sandwiches.

Methods

Individual spectra were selected from 24 hyperspectral images of assembled closed sandwiches, measured in a spectral range of 1116.14 nm to 1670.62 nm over 108 bands, pre-processed with Standard Normal Variate filtering, derivatives, and subsampling, and fed into multiple algorithms, among which PLS-DA, multiple classifiers, and a simple neural network.

Results

The resulting best performing models had an accuracy score of ~80% for predicting type of bread, ~60% for butter, and ~ 28% for filling type. We see that the main struggle in predicting the fillings lies with the spreadable fillings, meaning the model may be focusing on structural aspects and not nutritional composition.

Discussion

Further analysis on non-homogeneous mixed food items, using computer vision techniques, will contribute toward a generalizable system. While there are still significant technical challenges to overcome before such a system can be routinely implemented in studies of free-living subjects, we believe it holds promise as a future tool for nutrition research and population intake monitoring.
Monitoring and management of adverse effects associated with trastuzumab deruxtecan: a UAE-specific consensus
Authors: Dawoud Emad , Azribi Fathi , Chehal Aref , Dawood Shaheenah , Tirmazy Syed Hammad , Hamza Dina , Jaafar Hassan , Marashi Hussam
Published: January 2025

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in the UAE and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Although early diagnosis contributes to favorable prognoses, novel treatment modalities like antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have significantly broadened the therapeutic landscape for patients in metastatic settings. The recognition of “HER2-low” expression as a targetable category has caused a paradigm shift in the management of breast cancer. Although initially developed to target HER2-positive breast cancer, trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd), an ADC, has now also been approved to treat metastatic or unresectable HER2-low breast cancers. Despite the inherent specificity of an ADC, the risk of off-site toxicity exists and is an essential component while assessing the risk-benefit ratio of the treatment. Developing strategies to balance efficacy and safety is crucial, especially for newly approved therapies like T-DXd. Regional perspectives, cultural beliefs, and demographic factors influence treatment decisions and outcomes. The objective of this paper is to establish a UAE-specific consensus among oncologists on practical T-DXd treatment considerations and management of associated side effects. Establishing a consensus on monitoring and managing T-DXd side effects among experts can promote informed decision-making.
Conversion therapy for unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma using gemcitabine plus S-1 combined with PD-1 inhibitors: a case report
Authors: Zhao Shuangying , Zhang Xiaodong , Luo Jialiang , Yan Huanjun , Zhang Jianlei , Lin Rongfeng , Zhu Kelei
Published: January 2025

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a highly malignant tumor of the liver and gallbladder, which is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and the opportunity for surgery is lost. Therefore, conversion therapy is important to convert the iCCA into a resectable state. In recent years, the conversion protocol of immuno-chemotherapy has been applied for advanced liver cancer. However, little has been reported about iCCA conversion therapy. The aim of this report is to present the results of conversion therapy with Gemcitabine plus S-1 (GS) combined with PD-1 inhibitors (Zimberelimab) in a 74-year-old female IIIB iCCA patient. After 6 cycles of conversion therapy, enhanced CT showed that the patient’s tumor had shrunk to nearly half its original size, making radical resection possible. Postoperative pathology showed a complete pathological response. This provides a new way to convert advanced iCCA into resectable state.