bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cost-effectiveness of a transdiagnostic psychotherapy program for youth with common mental health problems
Authors: Wolf Rasmus Trap , Jeppesen Pia , Pedersen Mette Maria Agner , Puggaard Louise Berg , Thastum Mikael , Bilenberg Niels , Thomsen Per Hove , Silverman Wendy K. , Plessen Kerstin Jessica , Neumer Simon-Peter , Correll Christoph U. , Pagsberg Anne Katrine , Gyrd-Hansen Dorte
Published: June 2022

Objectives

Our objective was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the transdiagnostic psychotherapy program Mind My Mind (MMM) for youth with common mental health problems using a cost-utility analysis (CUA) framework and data from a randomized controlled trial. Furthermore, we analyzed the impact of the choice of informant for both quality-of-life reporting and preference weights on the Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER).

Methods

A total of 396 school-aged (6–16 years) youth took part in the 6-month trial carried out in Denmark. CUAs were carried out for the trial period and four one-year extrapolation scenarios. Costs were based on a combination of budget and self-reported costs. Youths and parents were asked to report on the youth’s quality-of-life three times during the trial using the Child Health Utility 9D (CHU9D). Parental-reported CHU9D was used in the base case together with preference weights of a youth population. Analyses using self-reported CHU9D and preference weights of an adult population were also carried out.

Results

The analysis of the trial period resulted in an ICER of €170,465. The analyses of the one-year scenarios resulted in ICERs between €23,653 and €50,480. The ICER increased by 24% and 71% compared to the base case when using self-reported CHU9D and adult preference weights, respectively.

Conclusion

The MMM intervention has the potential to be cost-effective, but the ICER is dependent on the duration of the treatment effects. Results varied significantly with the choice of informant and the choice of preference weights indicating that both factors should be considered when assessing CUA involving youth.
Complications of canine tonsillectomy by clamping technique combined with monopolar electrosurgery – a retrospective study of 39 cases
Authors: Turkki Outi Marita , Bergman Caroline Elisabeth , Lee Marcel H. , Höglund Odd Viking
Published: June 2022

Background

Canine tonsillectomy is performed due to acute or chronic tonsillitis, neoplasia, trauma or occasionally brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome. Several tonsillectomy techniques are used but information about surgical complications is scarce. This retrospective study of patient records at the University Animal Hospital aimed to investigate complications related to canine tonsillectomy performed by 20-min clamping combined with monopolar electrosurgery.

Inclusion criteria were bilateral tonsillectomy performed with “20-min clamping technique combined with monopolar electrosurgery without suture or ligation”. Exclusion criteria were unilateral tonsillectomy, tonsillar neoplasia, additional surgical procedures other than tonsillectomy, cases where sutures were used initially, and cases where unspecified or other methods of tonsillectomy were used. The search of the patient records of the University Animal Hospital included a 10-year period. Complications that required additional anaesthesia were defined as major complications. Minor complications were handled during surgery or after surgery without surgical intervention.

Results

Of 39 dogs that fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 11 dogs had complications and out of those 1 dog had two complications. Altogether, of the 12 complications, 2 were classified as major complications and 10 as minor.

The most frequent complication was bleeding from the surgical site, in total 11 incidences; 10 dogs had an incidence of bleeding and out of those, 1 dog bled twice, both during and after surgery. Of these 10 dogs that bled, seven incidences of bleeding occurred during surgery and four incidences occurred after surgery. The two dogs with major complications were re-anaesthetized due to bleeding after surgery. No lethal complications occurred and all dogs survived to discharge.

Conclusions

Bleeding during and after surgery was a common complication in dogs after bilateral tonsillectomy using “20-min clamping technique combined with monopolar electrocautery”. Revision intervention was often needed, sometimes urgently. Although no comparison was made with another technique, the studied technique should be used with caution.
A synergistic effect of the triglyceride-glucose index and the residual SYNTAX score on the prediction of intermediate-term major adverse cardiac events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Xiong Shiqiang , Chen Qiang , Zhang Zhen , Chen Yingzhong , Hou Jun , Cui Caiyan , Cheng Lianchao , Su Hong , Long Yu , Yang Siqi , Qi Lingyao , Chen Xu , Liu Hanxiong , Cai Lin
Published: June 2022

Background

The residual SYNTAX score (rSS), a quantitative measure of angiographic completeness of revascularization after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and the triglyceride–glucose index (TyG index), a reliable surrogate marker of insulin resistance, have been regarded as independent predictors of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) after PCI. Whether a combination of the rSS and the TyG index improves the predictive ability for MACEs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) undergoing PCI remains unknown.

Methods

A total of 633 consecutive patients with T2DM who underwent PCI were included in the present analyses. Patients were stratified according to the optimal cutoff point value of the TyG index, or the rSS determined by receiver‑operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The primary endpoint was the composite of MACEs, including all-cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and unplanned repeat revascularization. Cumulative curves were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Multivariate Cox regression was used to identify predictors of MACEs. The predictive value of the TyG index combined with the rSS was estimated by the area under the ROC curve, continuous net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI).

Results

During a median follow-up of 18.83 months, 99 patients developed MACEs, more frequently in the patients with a higher TyG index or rSS. Multivariate Cox hazards regression analysis revealed that both the TyG index and rSS were independent predictors of MACEs (hazard ratio 1.8004; 95% CI 1.2603–2.5718; P = 0.0012; 1.0423; 95% CI 1.0088–1.0769; P = 0.0129, respectively). Furthermore, Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated that both the TyG index and the rSS were significantly associated with an increased risk of MACEs (log-rank, all P < 0.01). The addition of the rSS and the TyG index to the baseline risk model had an incremental effect on the predictive value for MACE (increase in C-statistic value from 0.660 to 0.732; IDI 0.018; NRI 0.274; all P < 0.01).

Conclusions

The TyG index predicts intermediate-term MACE after PCI in patients with T2DM independent of known cardiovascular risk factors. Adjustment of the rSS by the TyG index further improves the predictive ability for MACEs in patients with T2DM undergoing PCI.
Screening potential immune signatures for early-stage basal-like/triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Wu Min , Yuan Keyu , Lyu Shuzhen , Li Yanping
Published: June 2022

Background

Breast cancer (BC) is a highly heterogeneous disease. Among the BC molecular subtypes, basal-like/triple-negative BC (TNBC) is characterized by a high propensity for relatively early metastases and a lack of available endocrine and targeted therapies. Therefore, this study aimed to discover potential signatures for predicting the immune response in early-stage basal-like/triple-negative BC.

Method

A total of 86 cases of early-stage TNBC from the TCGA and 459 cases of normal breast tissue from GTEx were enrolled and analyzed to screen out differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Then, the prognostic effect and tumor immune cell infiltration relationship with the basal-like-specific DEGs were also evaluated.

Results

A total of 1556 DEGs, including 929 upregulated genes and 627 downregulated genes, were screened in early-stage basal-like BC. Two prognosis-associated DEGs, GAL and TTC36, were finally found to be basal-like BC specific. However, only GAL was significantly correlated with tumor immune-infiltrating cells, especially CD8+ T cells. The expressions of GAL and TTC36 were revalidated by using the GEO dataset.

Conclusion

GAL might be an immune signature for the response to immune checkpoint therapy in early basal-like/triple-negative BC.
Synthesis of novel isoxazole–carboxamide derivatives as promising agents for melanoma and targeted nano-emulgel conjugate for improved cellular permeability
Authors: Hawash Mohammed , Jaradat Nidal , Eid Ahmad M. , Abubaker Ahmad , Mufleh Ola , Al-Hroub Qusay , Sobuh Shorooq
Published: June 2022

Background

Cancer is one of the most dangerous and widespread diseases in the world today and it has risen to the position of the leading cause of death around the globe in the last few decades. Due to the inherent resistance of many types of cancer to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy, it is vital to develop innovative anticancer medications. Recently, a strategy based on nanotechnology has been used to improve the effectiveness of both old and new cancer drugs.

Objectives

The present study aimed to design and synthesize a series of phenyl-isoxazole–Carboxamide derivatives, evaluate their anticancer properties, and improve the permeability of potent compounds into cancer cells by using a nano-emulgel strategy.

Methods

The coupling reaction of aniline derivatives and isoxazole–Carboxylic acid was used to synthesize a series of isoxazole–Carboxamide derivatives. IR, HRMS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy techniques, characterized all the synthesized compounds. Thein-vitrocytotoxic evaluation was performed by using the MTS assay against seven cancer cell lines, including hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep3B and HepG2), cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa), breast carcinoma (MCF-7), melanoma (B16F1), colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2), and colon adenocarcinoma (Colo205), as well as human hepatic stellate (LX-2) in addition to the normal cell line (Hek293T). A nano-emulgel was developed for the most potent compound, using a self-emulsifying technique.

Results

All synthesized compounds were found to have potent to moderate activities against B16F1, Colo205, and HepG2 cancer cell lines. The results revealed that the2acompound has broad spectrum activity against B16F1, Colo205, HepG2, and HeLa cancer cell lines with an IC50range of 7.55–40.85 µM. Moreover, compound2ewas the most active compound against B16F1 with an IC50of 0.079 µM compared with Dox (IC50 = 0.056 µM). Nanoemulgel was used to increase the potency of the2emolecule against this cancer cell line, and the IC50was reduced to 0.039 µM. The antifibrotic activities were investigated against the LX-2 cell line, and it was found that our synthesized molecules showed better antifibrotic activities at 1 µM than 5-FU, and the cell viability values were 67 and 95%, respectively.

Conclusion

This study suggests that a2enano-formalized compound is a potential and promising anti-melanoma agent.
Utilization of lignocellulosic biofuel conversion residue by diverse microorganisms
Authors: Wadler Caryn S. , Wolters John F. , Fortney Nathaniel W. , Throckmorton Kurt O. , Zhang Yaoping , Miller Caroline R. , Schneider Rachel M. , Wendt-Pienkowski Evelyn , Currie Cameron R. , Donohue Timothy J. , Noguera Daniel R. , Hittinger Chris Todd , Thomas Michael G.
Published: June 2022

Background

Lignocellulosic conversion residue (LCR) is the material remaining after deconstructed lignocellulosic biomass is subjected to microbial fermentation and treated to remove the biofuel. Technoeconomic analyses of biofuel refineries have shown that further microbial processing of this LCR into other bioproducts may help offset the costs of biofuel generation. Identifying organisms able to metabolize LCR is an important first step for harnessing the full chemical and economic potential of this material. In this study, we investigated the aerobic LCR utilization capabilities of 71 Streptomyces and 163 yeast species that could be engineered to produce valuable bioproducts. The LCR utilization by these individual microbes was compared to that of an aerobic mixed microbial consortium derived from a wastewater treatment plant as representative of a consortium with the highest potential for degrading the LCR components and a source of genetic material for future engineering efforts.

Results

We analyzed several batches of a model LCR by chemical oxygen demand (COD) and chromatography-based assays and determined that the major components of LCR were oligomeric and monomeric sugars and other organic compounds. Many of the Streptomyces and yeast species tested were able to grow in LCR, with some individual microbes capable of utilizing over 40% of the soluble COD. For comparison, the maximum total soluble COD utilized by the mixed microbial consortium was about 70%. This represents an upper limit on how much of the LCR could be valorized by engineered Streptomyces or yeasts into bioproducts. To investigate the utilization of specific components in LCR and have a defined media for future experiments, we developed a synthetic conversion residue (SynCR) to mimic our model LCR and used it to show lignocellulose-derived inhibitors (LDIs) had little effect on the ability of the Streptomyces species to metabolize SynCR.

Conclusions

We found that LCR is rich in carbon sources for microbial utilization and has vitamins, minerals, amino acids and other trace metabolites necessary to support growth. Testing diverse collections of Streptomyces and yeast species confirmed that these microorganisms were capable of growth on LCR and revealed a phylogenetic correlation between those able to best utilize LCR. Identification and quantification of the components of LCR enabled us to develop a synthetic LCR (SynCR) that will be a useful tool for examining how individual components of LCR contribute to microbial growth and as a substrate for future engineering efforts to use these microorganisms to generate valuable bioproducts.
Patient-reported outcomes of upadacitinib versus abatacept in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 12- and 24-week results of a phase 3 trial
Authors: Bergman Martin , Tundia Namita , Martin Naomi , Suboticki Jessica L. , Patel Jayeshkumar , Goldschmidt Debbie , Song Yan , Wright Grace C.
Published: June 2022

Background

In previous clinical trials, patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with upadacitinib (UPA) have improved patient-reported outcomes (PROs). This post hoc analysis of SELECT-CHOICE, a phase 3 clinical trial, evaluated the impact of UPA vs abatacept (ABA) with background conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) on PROs in patients with RA with inadequate response or intolerance to biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARD-IR).

Methods

Patients in SELECT-CHOICE received UPA (oral 15 mg/day) or ABA (intravenous). PROs evaluated included Patient Global Assessment of Disease Activity (PtGA) by visual analog scale (VAS), patient’s assessment of pain by VAS, Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI), morning stiffness duration and severity, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F), Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI), and EQ-5D 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L) index score. Least squares mean (LSM) changes from baseline to weeks 12 and 24 were based on an analysis of covariance model. Proportions of patients reporting improvements ≥ minimal clinically important differences (MCID) were compared using chi-square tests.

Results

Data from 612 patients were analyzed (UPA, n=303; ABA, n=309). Mean age was 56 years and mean disease duration was 12 years. One-third received ≥2 prior bDMARDs and 72% received concomitant methotrexate at baseline. At week 12, UPA- vs ABA-treated patients had significantly greater improvements in PtGA, pain, HAQ-DI, morning stiffness severity, EQ-5D-5L, 2/4 WPAI domains, and 3/8 SF-36 domains and Physical Component Summary (PCS) scores (P<0.05); significant differences persisted at week 24 for HAQ-DI, morning stiffness severity, SF-36 PCS and bodily pain domain, and WPAI activity impairment domain. At week 12, significantly more UPA- vs ABA-treated patients reported improvements ≥MCID in HAQ-DI (74% vs 64%) and SF-36 PCS (79% vs 66%) and 4/8 domain scores (P<0.05).

Conclusions

At week 12, UPA vs ABA treatment elicited greater improvements in key domains of physical functioning, pain, and general health and earlier improvements in HAQ-DI. Overall, more UPA- vs ABA-treated patients achieved ≥MCID in most PROs at all timepoints; however, not all differences were statistically significant. These data, however, highlight the faster response to UPA treatment.

Trial registration

NCT03086343, March 22, 2017.
Evidence for the presence of synovial sheaths surrounding the extensor tendons at the metacarpophalangeal joints: a microscopy study
Authors: Dakkak Yousra J. , van Dijk Bastiaan T. , Jansen Friso P. , Wisse Lambertus J. , Reijnierse Monique , van der Helm-van Mil Annette H. M. , DeRuiter Marco C.
Published: June 2022

MRI-detected inflammation around the extensor tendons of metacarpophalangeal (MCP-) joints is prevalent in RA and poses a markedly increased risk of RA development when present in arthralgia patients. Such inflammation is called ‘peritendinitis’ since anatomy literature reports no presence of a tenosynovial sheath at these tendons. However, the presence or absence of tenosynovium at these extensor tendons has never been studied. Therefore, an anatomical and histological study of extensor tendons at the MCP-joints of three embalmed human hands was performed. Immunohistochemical staining showed the presence of markers for synovial macrophages and fibroblast-like synoviocytes bordering a natural dorsal space next to the extensor tendon, suggesting the presence of a synovial lining. This implies that contrast-enhancement on MRI around extensor tendons at MCP-joints observed in early RA and pre-RA likely represents tenosynovitis and that inflammation of this synovial tissue is an early feature of RA.
Effect of the ABCA1 agonist CS-6253 on amyloid-β and lipoprotein metabolism in cynomolgus monkeys
Authors: Noveir Sasan D. , Kerman Bilal E. , Xian Haotian , Meuret Cristiana , Smadi Sabrina , Martinez Ashley E. , Johansson Johannes , Zetterberg Henrik , Parks Bryan A. , Kuklenyik Zsuzsanna , Mack Wendy J. , Johansson Jan O. , Yassine Hussein N.
Published: June 2022

Background

Inducing brain ATP-binding cassette 1 (ABCA1) activity in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mouse models is associated with improvement in AD pathology. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the ABCA1 agonist peptide CS-6253 on amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) and lipoproteins in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of cynomolgus monkeys, a species with amyloid and lipoprotein metabolism similar to humans.

Methods

CS-6253 peptide was injected intravenously into cynomolgus monkeys at various doses in three different studies. Plasma and CSF samples were collected at several time points before and after treatment. Levels of cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), lipoprotein particles, apolipoproteins, and Aβ were measured using ELISA, ion-mobility analysis, and asymmetric-flow field-flow fractionation (AF4). The relationship between the change in levels of these biomarkers was analyzed using multiple linear regression models and linear mixed-effects models.

Results

Following CS-6253 intravenous injection, within minutes, small plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles were increased. In two independent experiments, plasma TG, apolipoprotein E (apoE), and Aβ42/40 ratio were transiently increased following CS-6253 intravenous injection. This change was associated with a non-significant decrease in CSF Aβ42. Both plasma total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels were reduced following treatment. AF4 fractionation revealed that CS-6253 treatment displaced apoE from HDL to intermediate-density- and low density-lipoprotein (IDL/LDL)-sized particles in plasma. In contrast to plasma, CS-6253 had no effect on the assessed CSF apolipoproteins or lipids.

Conclusions

Treatment with the ABCA1 agonist CS-6253 appears to favor Aβ clearance from the brain.
Cross-cultural measurement invariance of the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short form across ten countries: the application of Bayesian approximate measurement invariance
Authors: Bagheri Zahra , Chamanpara Parisa , Jafari Peyman , Balhara Yatan Pal Singh , Arya Sidharth , Ransing Ramdas , Đorić Ana , Knez Rajna , Thi Tuong-Vi Vu , Huong Truong Ngoc , Kafali Helin Yilmaz , Erzin Gamze , Vally Zahir , Chowdhury Mita Rani Roy , Sharma Pawan , Shakya Rabi , Campos Luís Antônio Monteiro , Szczegielniak Anna Rebeka , Stevanović Dejan
Published: June 2022

Background

The Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF) is the most frequently used generic quality of life (QOL) measure in many countries and cultures worldwide. However, no single study has been carried out to investigate whether this questionnaire performs similarly across diverse cultures/countries. Accordingly, this study aimed to assess the cross-cultural measurement invariance of the Q-LES-Q-SF across ten different countries.

Methods

The Q-LES-Q-SF was administrated to a sample of 2822 university students from ten countries: Bangladesh, Brazil, Croatia, India, Nepal, Poland, Serbia, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, and Vietnam. The Bayesian approximate measurement invariance approach was used to assess the measurement invariance of the Q-LES-Q-SF.

Results

Approximate measurement invariance did not hold across the countries for the Q-LES-Q-SF, with only two out of 14 items being non-invariant; namely items related to doing household and leisure time activities.

Conclusions

Our findings did not support the cross-cultural measurement invariance of the Q-LES-Q-SF; thus, considerable caution is warranted when comparing QOL scores across different countries with this measure. Item rewording and adaptation along with calibrating non-invariant items may narrow these differences and help researchers to create an invariant questionnaire for reliable and valid QOL comparisons across different countries.
Metadata harmonization–Standards are the key for a better usage of omics data for integrative microbiome analysis
Authors: Cernava Tomislav , Rybakova Daria , Buscot François , Clavel Thomas , McHardy Alice Carolyn , Meyer Fernando , Meyer Folker , Overmann Jörg , Stecher Bärbel , Sessitsch Angela , Schloter Michael , Berg Gabriele ,   The MicrobiomeSupport Team, Arruda Paulo , Bartzanas Thomas , Kostic Tanja , Brennan Paula Iara , Biazotti Bárbara Bort , Champomier-Verges Marie-Christine , Charles Trevor , Coakley Mairead , Cotter Paul , Cowan Don , D’Hondt Kathleen , Ferrocino Ilario , Foterek Kristina , Herrero-Corral Gema , Huitema Carly , Jansson Janet , Liu Shuang-Jiang , Malloy Paula , Maguin Emmanuelle , Markiewicz Lidia , Mcclure Ryan , Moser Andreas , Roovers Jolien , Ryan Matthew , Sarand Inga , Schelkle Bettina , Meisner Annelein , Schurr Ulrich , Selvin Joseph , Tsakalidou Effie , Wagner Martin , Wakelin Steve , Wiczkowski Wiesław , Winkler Hanna , Xiao Juanjuan , Bunthof Christine J. , de Souza Rafael Soares Correa , Sanz Yolanda , Lange Lene , Smidt Hauke
Published: June 2022

Background

Tremendous amounts of data generated from microbiome research studies during the last decades require not only standards for sampling and preparation of omics data but also clear concepts of how the metadata is prepared to ensure re-use for integrative and interdisciplinary microbiome analysis.

Results

In this Commentary, we present our views on the key issues related to the current system for metadata submission in omics research, and propose the development of a global metadata system. Such a system should be easy to use, clearly structured in a hierarchical way, and should be compatible with all existing microbiome data repositories, following common standards for minimal required information and common ontology. Although minimum metadata requirements are essential for microbiome datasets, the immense technological progress requires a flexible system, which will have to be constantly improved and re-thought. While FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) are already considered, international legal issues on genetic resource and sequence sharing provided by the Convention on Biological Diversity need more awareness and engagement of the scientific community.

Conclusions

The suggested approach for metadata entries would strongly improve retrieving and re-using data as demonstrated in several representative use cases. These integrative analyses, in turn, would further advance the potential of microbiome research for novel scientific discoveries and the development of microbiome-derived products.
Risk factors of anaemia among postpartum women in Bolgatanga Municipality, Ghana
Authors: Wemakor Anthony , Ziyaaba Alice , Yiripuo Felix
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Anaemia is a major public health problem affecting women of reproductive age globally. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence and determinants of anaemia among postpartum women in Bolgatanga Municipality, Ghana.

Methods

The study employed an analytical cross-sectional study design to recruit 405 women who delivered in the last 6 weeks from 9 health facilities in the Municipality. Data were collected on socio-demographic characteristics, obstetric characteristics, dietary diversity, knowledge on iron-folic acid (IFA), iron and anaemia, and haemoglobin level of the women. Postpartum anaemia (PPA) was defined as hemoglobin < 12 g/dl. Chi-square and logistic regression analysis were used to identify the determinants of PPA.

Results

The mean age of the participants was 27.4 ± 5.3 years and 46.70% of them had PPA. The risk factors of PPA were not meeting dietary diversity [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 2.96; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.67–5.25], low knowledge on IFA, iron and anaemia (AOR = 3.03; 95% CI: 1.67–5.25), and first trimester pregnancy anaemia (AOR = 10.39; 95% CI: 1.32–6.95). Kusasi ethnicity was protective of PPA (AOR = 0.35; CI: 0.16–0.75).Conclusion:Anaemia is prevalent in postpartum women in Bolgatanga Municipality and its risk factors are dietary diversity, knowledge on IFA, iron and anaemia, pregnancy anaemia and ethnicity. Nutrition counselling and intervention in pregnancy and after delivery are warranted to reduce the burden of anaemia in this population.
Does communication increase investors’ trading frequency? Evidence from a Chinese social trading platform
Authors: Jin Xuejun , Yu Jiawei
Published: June 2022

This study examines the impact of communication on investors’ trading frequency based on a unique dataset drawn from a Chinese social trading platform. We find robust evidence that real-account portfolio owners on the platform trade more frequently under the influence of the comments posted by their leaders (the owners of portfolios they have followed). Moreover, portfolio owners are more sensitive to the quantity than to the tone of leaders’ comments. Finally, both trading frequency and leaders’ comments negatively impact portfolio owners’ future performance. Our findings support the notion that social interaction promotes active investment strategies.
Literature review on earthen vernacular heritage: contributions to a referential framework
Authors: Carlos Gilberto , Ribeiro Telma , Achenza Maddalena , de Oliveira Cristina Cruz Ferreira , Varum Humberto
Published: June 2022

The state of the art of earthen architecture and vernacular built heritage comprises a complex set of issues that range from fundamental problematic recognition to anthropological and cultural studies and, more recently, to technological and experimental analyses. This paper addresses the development of the field, following the milestones of the international literature and pursuing a reflective-theory approach within a historical framework. It aims to explore the main contributions that have enhanced vernacular heritage and earthen architecture as specific domains, from pioneering public awareness essays to institutional expertise guidelines. Finally, in addition to the literature review process, this paper considers the recent corpus of recommendations from conservation management reference institutions, the updating of the operative problematic of earthen vernacular built heritage, and the relevance of local community involvement in facing increasing challenges.
Generation of functional human oligodendrocytes from dermal fibroblasts by direct lineage conversion
Authors: Tanabe Koji , Nobuta Hiroko , Yang Nan , Ang Cheen Euong , Huie Philip , Jordan Sacha , Oldham Michael C. , Rowitch David H. , Wernig Marius
Published: June 2022

Oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the central nervous system, possess great potential for disease modeling and cell transplantation-based therapies for leukodystrophies. However, caveats to oligodendrocyte differentiation protocols ( Ehrlich et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2013; Douvaras and Fossati, 2015) from human embryonic stem and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which include slow and inefficient differentiation, and tumorigenic potential of contaminating undifferentiated pluripotent cells, are major bottlenecks towards their translational utility. Here, we report the rapid generation of human oligodendrocytes by direct lineage conversion of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). We show that the combination of the four transcription factors OLIG2, SOX10, ASCL1 and NKX2.2 is sufficient to convert HDFs to induced oligodendrocyte precursor cells (iOPCs). iOPCs resemble human primary and iPSC-derived OPCs based on morphology and transcriptomic analysis. Importantly, iOPCs can differentiate into mature myelinating oligodendrocytes in vitro and in vivo. Finally, iOPCs derived from patients with Pelizaeus Merzbacher disease, a hypomyelinating leukodystrophy caused by mutations in the proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1) gene, showed increased cell death compared with iOPCs from healthy donors. Thus, human iOPCs generated by direct lineage conversion represent an attractive new source for human cell-based disease models and potentially myelinating cell grafts.
Imaging nanoscale nuclear structures with expansion microscopy
Authors: Faulkner Emma L. , Pike Jeremy A. , Densham Ruth M. , Garlick Evelyn , Thomas Steven G. , Neely Robert K. , Morris Joanna R.
Published: June 2022

Commonly applied super-resolution light microscopies have provided insight into subcellular processes at the nanoscale. However, imaging depth, speed, throughput and cost remain significant challenges, limiting the numbers of three-dimensional (3D) nanoscale processes that can be investigated and the number of laboratories able to undertake such analysis. Expansion microscopy (ExM) solves many of these limitations, but its application to imaging nuclear processes has been constrained by concerns of unequal nuclear expansion. Here, we demonstrate the conditions for isotropic expansion of the nucleus at a resolution equal to or better than 120–130 nm (pre-expansion). Using the DNA damage response proteins BRCA1, 53BP1 (also known as TP53BP1) and RAD51 as exemplars, we quantitatively describe the 3D nanoscale organisation of over 50,000 DNA damage response structures. We demonstrate the ability to assess chromatin-regulated events and show the simultaneous assessment of four elements. This study thus demonstrates how ExM can contribute to the investigation of nanoscale nuclear processes.
The Nervous System as a Pathway for Exercise to Improve Social Cognition
Authors: Ludyga Sebastian , Ishihara Toru , Kamijo Keita
Published: June 2022

Specific nervous system functions and the regulating roles of oxytocin have evolved because of the necessity to negotiate increasingly complex social systems. We hypothesize that acute and long-term physical activity and exercise have the potential to benefit social cognitive abilities, such as emotion recognition and regulation, by operating on these functions.
Exogenous seed treatment with proline and its consequences to Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst) seedling establishment
Authors: Kijowska-Oberc Joanna , Wawrzyniak Mikołaj Krzysztof , Staszak Aleksandra Maria , Ratajczak Ewelina
Published: June 2022

Accumulation of proline is a defense mechanism against external stress conditions, preventing damage to the structure and function of cells and improving plant development processes, such as germination. The purpose of this study was to investigate proline treatment as a means of improving the germination and development of Norway spruce seedlings. The effect of exogenous proline has been studied in three stages of initial plant development. The collected seeds were soaked in water or 8 mM proline solution and placed on the germinators. The germination capacity and the mean germination time were determined. Seedlings with radicles >10 mm were transferred to the sand-peat substrate at a constant temperature of 20 °C. Seedlings at 3 subsequent developmental stages (S1 – germinated seeds with radicles > 3 mm; S2 – seedlings with radicles >10 mm; S3 – established seedlings grown for 90 days) were examined for the oxygen consumption rate, total antioxidant capacity, hydrogen peroxide level, malondialdehyde level and intracellular proline content. Proline treatment was conducive to lowering the levels of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde at stage S1. At the subsequent stages of development, the levels of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde increased, and at the S3 stage, there was also a marked increase in total antioxidant capacity. At stage S3, the seedlings of the proline treatment were characterized by a lower total mass, and the response to exogenous proline was stronger in the root tissues than in the leaves. The oxygen consumption rate was higher for the proline treatment at all stages of development. Seedlings at the analyzed stages of establishment differed in response to proline treatment. Exogenous proline had some beneficial effects during the first phase of germination by reducing the level of hydrogen peroxide and improving the condition of lipid membranes. In the subsequent stages of seedling development, in response to the same concentration of proline solution, undesirable effects, such as an increase in hydrogen peroxide levels and damage to cytoplasmic membranes, were observed. Optimal concentrations of exogenous proline should be determined prior to commercial use of proline treatment to improve plant stress tolerance.
Knowledge and attitudes regarding HIV/AIDS and its prevention among Ghanaian women
Authors: Laari Jacob Loonin , Alhassan Abdul Rauf
Published: June 2022

Background: HIV/AIDS is still a major public health issue around the world, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where this has resulted in unquantifiable human suffering, social and cultural disruption, and enormous economic losses.

Methods: This study aims to assess women’s knowledge and attitude toward HIV/AIDS and its prevention in Ghana.

To perform an analytic cross-sectional study, this study used data (the women in reproductive age 15-49 years dataset) from the Ghana Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2017/18. Bivariate analysis was done using chi-square and predictor variables were identified using binary logistics regression.

Results: This study recorded good HIV knowledge and attitude levels of 81.9% and 10.5%. Factors that predicted only good HIV knowledge levels were ethnicity, and disability status. Also, predictors of only good attitude level were type of residence and marital status. Factors implicated in the prediction of both good knowledge and attitude levels were age, educational status, region of orientation, health insurance status, economic status, and media exposure.

Conclusions: This study recorded a good HIV knowledge level among the majority of the women, but recorded most respondents having a poor attitude toward HIV.
The effect of non-pharmacologic strategies on prevention or management of intensive care unit delirium: a systematic review
Authors: Cupka Julie S , Hashemighouchani Haleh , Lipori Jessica , Ruppert Matthew M. , Bhaskar Ria , Ozrazgat-Baslanti Tezcan , Rashidi Parisa , Bihorac Azra
Published: June 2022

Background: Post-operative delirium is a common complication among adult patients in the intensive care unit. Current literature does not support the use of pharmacologic measures to manage this condition, and several studies explore the potential for the use of non-pharmacologic methods such as early mobility plans or environmental modifications. The aim of this systematic review is to examine and report on recently available literature evaluating the relationship between non-pharmacologic management strategies and the reduction of delirium in the intensive care unit.

Methods: Six major research databases were systematically searched for articles analyzing the efficacy of non-pharmacologic delirium interventions in the past five years. Search results were restricted to adult human patients aged 18 years or older in the intensive care unit setting, excluding terminally ill subjects and withdrawal-related delirium. Following title, abstract, and full text review, 27 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and are included in this report.

Results: The 27 reviewed articles consist of 12 interventions with a single-component investigational approach, and 15 with multi-component bundled protocols. Delirium incidence was the most commonly assessed outcome followed by duration. Family visitation was the most effective individual intervention while mobility interventions were the least effective. Two of the three family studies significantly reduced delirium incidence, while one in five mobility studies did the same. Multi-component bundle approaches were the most effective of all; of the reviewed studies, eight of 11 bundles significantly improved delirium incidence and seven of eight bundles decreased the duration of delirium.

Conclusions: Multi-component, bundled interventions were more effective at managing intensive care unit delirium than those utilizing an approach with a single interventional element. Although better management of this condition suggests a decrease in resource burden and improvement in patient outcomes, comparative research should be performed to identify the importance of specific bundle elements.
The development of a four-tier test to evaluate training in responsible conduct of research
Authors: Zollitsch Linda , Wilder Nicolaus , Priess-Buchheit Julia
Published: June 2022

Although higher education institutions across Europe and beyond are paying more and more attention to research integrity (RI) and responsible conduct of research (RCR) training, there are few studies and little evidence on what works and what does not work in these training sessions. One way to overcome this challenge is to evaluate such training with standardised instruments. Experts and trainers have used qualitative approaches to evaluate their training's successes, but it is difficult to compare their results with others. Sometimes they conduct standardised tests drawn from ethics education or other related fields, but these tests do not assess core themes of research integrity as outlined in the European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity (ECoC, 2017). At present, there is a lack of available standardised instruments designed to specifically evaluate success in this training. This article presents a pre-validated instrument for this purpose. The P2I questionnaire is a four-tier test based on the European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity. In it, testees choose a practice in line with research integrity to address an issue, justify their choice, and describe how confident they are with their answers. The development of the P2I questionnaire is outlined in three steps. First we describe the status quo and gaps in evaluating training success, then we illustrate how we designed the P2I questionnaire using practices and justifications in line (and not in line) with research integrity.  In the third step, this P2I questionnaire is pre-validated and revised. This questionnaire is a first attempt to engage in a discourse on standardised research integrity instruments and is one step towards an evidence-based improvement of training sessions.
GLIDE Wellcome Open Research Gateway
Authors: Kahn Jeffrey , Ali Joseph , Kingori Patricia , Merritt Maria , Murray Claire , Parker Michael
Published: June 2022

The Global Infectious Disease Ethics (GLIDE) Collaborative is launching a new Wellcome Open Research (WOR) Gateway, and we as the leaders of GLIDE hope to encourage submissions to this timely and necessary new platform for publishing open access peer-reviewed articles focusing on this area.
Entre algoritmos: género humano y género artificial.
Authors: Márquez Prieto Antonio
Published: June 2022

La inteligencia artificial, que lleva ya décadas de desarrollo, supone cada vez más una realidad presente en las relaciones laborales, de forma sectorizada, pero evidenciándose al mismo tiempo en toda la realidad económica y social. Por ello aquí se aborda como fenómeno universal ante el que se intentan ofrecer medidas legales de regulación, las cuales, en la medida en que responden al binomio conducta-norma, resultan inadecuadas puesto que el desarrollo de la inteligencia artificial requiere un enfoque en el que entre en juego, como tercer elemento, la propia cultura humana de valores subyacentes. Desde este punto de vista se pretende llamar la atención sobre el hecho de que la inteligencia artificial constituye un fenómeno de enorme calado filosófico y, al mismo tiempo, supone una de las mejores oportunidades para el intento global de comprensión de lo que significa ser humano.
Impacto de la IA y la robótica en la atención sociosanitaria.
Authors: Poyatos Chacón María Fátima
Published: June 2022

En el actual contexto sociosanitario, el envejecimiento, el problema de la soledad no deseada, los modelos emergentes de familias y convivencias, así como su repercusión en las formas de cuidados, aportan un nuevo carácter de atención al Sistema de cuidados contemplado bajo una filosofía integradora, de corresponsabilidad y centrada en la persona. En este entorno social, es conveniente reafirmar la necesidad de fortalecer con un nuevo modelo el Sistema, donde el objetivo estaría fijado en alcanzar alternativas eficaces de atención asistencial que aporten soluciones a demandas emergentes y a nuevos desafíos laborales. La innovación se asienta como base de los sistemas productivos, pero también hace referencia al papel que juega la globalización, los trabajos centrados en las capacidades de las personas apostando por la formación, y el trabajo sostenible y decente. Al hilo de estas cuestiones, la atención sociosanitaria del futuro con el impacto de la IA y la robótica no podía ser menos.
Bycie na Grochowie, czyli w miejskiej przestrzeni rozkładu
Authors: Woźnicka Joanna
Published: June 2022

BEING IN GROCHÓW – IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF URBAN SPACE Interpreting Andrzej Stasiuk’s Grochów and Małgorzata Rejmer’s Toxymia, I point out that they are records of experience of the space of Warsaw, especially Grochów, which are specific conglomerates of thought, cognizance and existence. Spatial poetics of this district of Warsaw strongly affects the anthropological imagination that these writers are endowed with. It becomes a literary matter. The identity of the characters results in a sense of being from Grochów. Both Stasiuk and Rejmer see the visible, tangible (streets, squares, buildings, etc.), referring to the invisible meanings, the immaterial (communication lines, trajectories, relationships/interactions between space and people etc.). Grochów determines their narratives, through which the reader perceives a space of decomposition, dominated by corpses, disgust, phobias. It is as if a profound identification of the abject.
Prorok, antropolog i społecznik w Łodzi, „mieście przeklętym”
Authors: Adamczewska Izabella
Published: June 2022

The prophet, the anthropologist and the activist in the “cursed city” of Łódź In the article, the contemporary fiction describing Łódź is presented, i.e. the poetry of Szymon Domagała-Jakuć (Hotel Jahwe), “textual passage” (postmodern silva) of Przemysław Owczarek (Miasto do zjedzenia) and Tomasz Piątek’s novel (Miasto Ł.). The focus is on the transformation of the myths of Łódź, especially the image of an “evil city”, but also a “promised land”. The authors are playing with the stereotypes attributed to Łódź – the city of the underclass, “city-harlot”, “sick organism”. The accent is put on the narrative roles of city storytellers (a prophet in Hotel Jahwe, anthropologist in Miasto do zjedzenia and social activist in Miasto Ł.) and their formal consequences (e.g. the biblical stylization and rhetoric of the sermon in Domagała-Jakuć’s poems, carnivalization and “blurred genres” in Owczarek’s book). In conclusion, the article points out remedies to Łódź’s ailments, suggested by the authors of engaged literature.
Wrocław – miasto spotkań i… ogrodów. Stolica Dolnego Śląska w poetyckiej twórczości Tadeusza Różewicza
Authors: Murlikiewicz Daria
Published: June 2022

RÓŻEWICZ’S WROCŁAW The following article encompasses the motif of the city of Wrocław in the poetry of Tadeusz Różewicz and deals with the subjects of new regional studies and the hermeneutics of the tracks by Ewa Rewers. It presents three types of depiction of Wrocław in poetry of Różewicz, first of which demonstrates the private Wrocław of the poet. The second type demonstrates the most famous gardens in Wrocław and the third concentrates on the issue of the city Wrocław in general and is mark out by proper nouns. Those three perspectives constitute the way the capital of Lower Silesia is described.
Self-Regulation and External Influence: The Relative Efficacy of Mobile Apps and Offline Channels for Personal Weight Management
Authors: Kwon Hyeokkoo Eric , Dewan Sanjeev , Oh Wonseok , Kim Taekyung
Published: June 2022

On the basis of a novel panel data set on customers enrolled in an actual weight loss program that delivers services through a mobile app and offline stores, this study shows that use of the mobile app is positively associated with weight management by both free and paid users. For paid users, who have access to the mobile app and office visits, usage of both channels is associated with short-term weight loss. Furthermore, the two channels function as substitutes for one another, with users able to compensate for infrequent offline store visits through more intense mobile app usage. In the long term, however, only mobile app usage (and not offline store visits) contributes to the sustainability of weight loss. Additional empirical analyses further reveal that frequency and granularity of mobile app usage are positively associated with weight loss. We also find that individuals exposed to low performance pressure benefit more fully from mobile app usage. Overall, the empirical results, together with qualitative evidence gleaned from interviews with actual customers, suggest that mobile app usage and the self-regulation that it enables exert a relatively greater impact on personal weight management compared with the external influence stemming from human experts in offline channels.