bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forensic Fractography of Bone
Authors: Christensen Angi , Rickman John , Berryman Hugh
Published: June 2021

Fractography involves the study of fractures and cracks in a material in order to understand the cause of failure. Even as a complex, highly hierarchical composite, bone is a material that obeys physical laws, including cracking behavior. The fields of fractography and fracture mechanics, therefore, have much to offer in our understanding of bone’s response to loading and force. Here we discuss how fractography can be used in the assessment of fractures originating from impacts including those from projectiles. Fractures and fracture patterns frequently associated with impact trauma—including radial fractures, circumferential fractures, and beveling—are described and used interpretively in forensic analyses; however, the mechanisms for their production and arrangement are often underutilized in fully understanding the trauma event. These mechanisms are reviewed here from a fractography perspective. Furthermore, a review is presented of new data indicating that beveling in bone associated with impacts, especially with projectiles, is produced by cone cracking, a process that is also well documented in other brittle materials. This information can be used to enhance understanding of impact trauma in general, as well as in the context of specific forensic cases. Moreover, describing and interpreting skeletal trauma within the context of fracture mechanics and fractography has the advantage of aligning the nomenclature used in forensic anthropology with that used in other scientific fields, particularly those involved in the study of material failure. To facilitate this alignment, we provide discussion and definitions for various fractography-related terms.
Sprunghafter Anstieg
Authors: Schulz-Sandhof Karsten , Wilke Burkhard
Published: June 2021

Auch in der Corona-Krise zeigt die Bevölkerung in Deutschland eine beeindruckende Spendenbereitschaft. Nach Berechnungen des Deutschen Zentralinstituts für soziale Fragen ist das Geldspendenaufkommen in Deutschland im Jahr 2020 um 11,3 Prozent gestiegen. Damit setzt sich der positive Trend der vergangenen Jahre weiter fort.
Ungerechtigkeitserleben als Konfliktkern
Authors: Thiel Kathrin , Freund Susanne , Kals Elisabeth
Published: June 2021

Es wurde eine qualitative Repertory-Grid-Studie zur Analyse der Zusammenhänge von (Un)Gerechtigkeitserleben und Konflikten unter freiwillig Engagierten einer Non-Profit-Organisation (NPO) durchgeführt. Interviewdaten von 25 freiwillig Engagierten bestätigen die enge Verknüpfung von Ungerechtigkeits- und Konflikterleben. Ungerechtigkeitserleben erweist sich dabei als Kern vieler Konflikte. Außerdem bestätigen die Daten die zentrale Bedeutung von Gerechtigkeitserleben sowohl für die Prävention als auch für eine langfristige Lösung von Konflikten. Es lassen sich wertvolle Ansatzpunkte für eine wirkungsvolle Prävention sowie ein nachhaltiges Management von Konflikten in NPOs ableiten.
Kann die Qualität der Mediation durch eine Zertifizierung oder Verbandsregulierung gesichert werden – eine konstruktiv-kritische Betrachtung
Authors: Schütte Matthias
Published: June 2021

Mit zunehmender Verbreitung der Mediation gewinnt die Frage der Qualitätssicherung an Bedeutung. Deutschland hat die Möglichkeit der Zertifizierung von Mediatoren geschaffen. Die drei großen deutschen Mediationsverbände definieren eigene Standards, die über das Maß der zertifizierten Mediatoren hinausgehen. Österreich bietet seinen Mediatoren hingegen einen Listeneintrag an. Alle drei Modelle scheinen nicht durchgängig den gewünschten Erfolg zu bringen bzw. für alle Mediatoren erstrebenswert zu sein. Der Beitrag hinterfragt, ob Qualität nur über vermehrte Ausbildungsstunden und Verbandsmitgliedschaften zu erreichen ist. Gleichzeitig werden die Mängel der aktuellen Zertifizierungsverordnung in Deutschland aufgezeigt. Dabei wird auch die mögliche Supervision durch unerfahrene Dritte ohne jegliche Supervisionsausbildung oder ausreichende Mediationserfahrung thematisiert.
Kommunale Handlungsfähigkeit im europäischen Vergleich
Authors: Kuhlmann Sabine , Heuberger Moritz , Dumas Benoît Paul
Published: June 2021

This book compares the roles of municipalities in Europe, using categories such as municipal autonomy, task profiles, territorial and political frameworks, and financial conditions. Past and present reform trends and discourses are also described and classified. The study constitutes a secondary analysis of existing empirical research and presents current figures from various sources. It was conducted by a team led by Prof. Sabine Kuhlmann from the Department of Political Science, Administration and Organisation at the University of Potsdam.
Wissensmanagement in Staat und Verwaltung
Authors: Lenk Klaus , Meyerholt Ulrich , Wengelowski Peter
Published: June 2021

Digital government enhances and transforms knowledge needed for public agency, including the provision of a wide range of public services. Elaborating, storing and communicating this knowledge requires harnessing and combining human information processing and knowledge that is stored and processed automatically. In particular, the intelligent analysis of big data is providing new opportunities. In order to bring them to fruition, the characteristics of various types of public action have to be taken into account, as does their legal environment. This volume provides detailed suggestions for good use of public knowledge under conditions of increasingly networked public organisations and open government.
With contributions by
Klaus Lenk, Ulrich Meyerholt and Peter Wengelowski.
Wireless Sensor Networks: Applications
Authors: Dalal Bhargavi , Kukarni Sampada
Published: June 2021

Wireless sensor networks consist of small nodes with identifying component by sensing, computation, and wireless communications infrastructure capabilities. Many path searching means routing, power management, and data dissemination protocols have been specifically designed for WSNs where energy awareness is an essential design issue. Routing protocols in WSNs might differ depending on the application and network architecture. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) provide several types of applications providing comfortable and smart-economic life. A multidisciplinary research area such as wireless sensor networks, where close collaboration in some users, application domain experts, hardware designers, and software developers is needed to implement efficient systems. The easy molding, fault tolerance, high sensing fidelity, low price, and rapid deployment features of sensor networks create various new and thrilling application areas for remote sensing. In the future, this wide range of application areas will make sensor networks an essential part of our lives. However, understanding of sensor networks needs to satisfy the constraints presented by factors such as fault tolerance, scalability, cost, hardware, dynamic topology, environment, and power consumption.
Data Assimilation as a Tool to Improve Chemical Transport Models Performance in Developing Countries
Authors: Lopez-Restrepo Santiago , Yarce Botero Andrés , Lucia Quintero Olga , Pinel Nicolás , Edinson Hinestroza Jhon , David Niño-Ruiz Elias , Anderson Flórez Jimmy , Maíra Rendón Angela , Lucia Alvarez-Laínez Monica , Felipe Zapata-Gonzalez Andres , Fernando Duque Trujillo Jose , Montilla Elena , Pareja Andres , Paul Delgado Jean , Ignacio Marulanda Bernal Jose , Boada Bibiana , Ernesto Soto Juan , Lorduy Sara , Andres Betancur Jaime , Segers Arjo , Heemink Arnold
Published: June 2021

Particulate matter (PM) is one of the most problematic pollutants in urban air. The effects of PM on human health, associated especially with PM of ≤2.5μm in diameter, include asthma, lung cancer and cardiovascular disease. Consequently, major urban centers commonly monitor PM2.5 as part of their air quality management strategies. The Chemical Transport models allow for a permanent monitoring and prediction of pollutant behavior for all the regions of interest, different to the sensor network where the concentration is just available in specific points. In this chapter a data assimilation system for the LOTOS-EUROS chemical transport model has been implemented to improve the simulation and forecast of Particulate Matter in a densely populated urban valley of the tropical Andes. The Aburrá Valley in Colombia was used as a case study, given data availability and current environmental issues related to population expansion. Using different experiments and observations sources, we shown how the Data Assimilation can improve the model representation of pollutants.
Forensic Analysis and Interpretation of Tool Marks
Authors: Kumar Sachil , Saxena Geetika , Gautam Archana
Published: June 2021

The forensic analysis and interpretation of tool marks raise for consideration key methods and advances in the field of tool marks in forensic science. This chapter shows how tool mark analysis can be utilized in the course of criminal investigations. The focus of the chapter is on bringing together as much scientific knowledge in the area as possible in an accessible manner. It covers all aspects of tool mark evidence from the crime scene to the courtroom. This chapter provides information about tool marks in an effort to assist tool mark examiners as well as people practicing forensic science, crime scene examiners, crime investigating officers and members of the legal profession. It includes information about the analysis of tool marks at the crime scene and in the laboratory, the interpretation and assessment of challenges for examination and interpretation and also the way in which tool mark evidence can be presented in a courtroom.
Child and Adolescent Anxiety as a Result of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Luo Jie , Shaw Alfred
Published: June 2021

As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread, so has the psychological impact of the disease been felt worldwide. Among the various types of psychological problems that are caused by COVID-19, anxiety poses a great threat to the physical and mental health of children and adolescents. With an aim of advancing the current work of diagnosing and treating child and adolescent anxiety as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, this chapter discusses this noticeable global health issue focusing on the following key parts: possible etiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and available therapeutic options.
An Evaluation of Diverse Therapeutic Interventions for Substance Use Disorders: Serotonergic Hallucinogens, Immunotherapy, and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Authors: M. Meil William , Farrell William , Satti Reem
Published: June 2021

Substance Use Disorders are a substantial public health concern whose treatment remains challenging. High rates of relapse are in fact a hallmark of drug addiction despite the wide variety of psychotherapeutic and pharmacotherapeutic approaches. This chapter discusses three innovative and controversial therapeutic approaches for Substance Use Disorders that have received considerable attention: the use of classic serotonergic hallucinogenic drugs (LSD and psilocybin), addiction immunotherapy and anti-addiction vaccines, and the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation. These treatments are not necessarily new but are discussed because they represent a diverse set of approaches that address varied aspects of drug addiction. Furthermore, they have an accumulated body of research from which to assess their future viability. For each of these therapeutic approaches this chapter considers the theoretical basis for use, history, status of the literature supporting their use, limitations, and potential applications. While these three interventions represent highly varied approaches to the treatment of Substance Use Disorders, this diversity may be necessary given the complex nature of addictive disorders.
Ethical Deliberation in the Allocation of Respirators and Beds during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Brazil
Authors: Rodrigues Marinho Maristela , Pinto Sandra , Dias Reis Pessalacia Juliana , Kelly da Silva Neto Priscila , Tavares de Souza Marcela , Carvalho Reis Martins Tatiana
Published: June 2021

This chapter proposes a theoretical reflection on the ethical deliberation process in the allocation of beds and respirators, in the light of the Theory of Health Justice, the Accountability for Reasonableness approach and the principle of health equity of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS, as per its Portuguese acronym), before the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. The pandemic has become a serious threat to health systems, as installed capacity has been exceeded whether in terms of material resources, equipment, technology and human resources. Thus, according to the theory of Accountability for Reasonableness, a fair and deliberative process aims to ensure resource allocation through limits and constraints (reasonableness), but government responsibility derived from human rights must be considered, allowing for health programming (accountability). Faced with this scenario, where the situation will often require us to make choices, this chapter intends to discuss the assumptions for ethical deliberation, taking into account the context of the act and its foreseeable consequences.
Dynamic HUB Selection Process in Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN)
Authors: Firose Shaik Mahammad , Monica Subhashini M. , Jaya Amrutha G.
Published: June 2021

Wireless body area network (WBAN), a part of WSN, plays a pivotal role in the remote health monitoring system, these days. Wireless sensor nodes placed in, on, or around the human body are used to create WBAN. This WBAN is mainly used for collecting physiological and vital signals from humans in real-time using sensor nodes. It consists of different sensor nodes and hub, which collects the data from sensor nodes and send them to the gateway. High data rates at HUB cause the damage of an organ receiving high temperature in tissue by electromagnetic signals for a long period. In this chapter, by considering parameters such as the specific absorption rate, Battery Level, Priority of sensor nodes, and signal to noise interference (SINR) a HUB is selected dynamically, which shares the work of the HUB among different sensor nodes. So that workload on HUB decreases and shares its work accordingly to other sensor nodes concerning the data collected through the software LabVIEW. This chapter also illustrates the network (testbed) created using sensors for practically making the change in HUB by using the microcontroller, power, LM 35, BP sensor, Heartrate sensors arranged in a network through Arduino programming. In both these cases, the negative effect of electro-magnetic signals in WBAN, and the tissue damage in humans reduce for remote-health monitoring while increasing the network lifetime.
Neglect of Cyrillic and its continued survival
Authors: Milović Marko
Published: June 2021

Ultimately, this article should not be taken as an appeal against a Latin letter, nor should the author's intention to ban or restrict the use of this letter. The main goal is that the Latin letter in the areas where the Serbian people live cannot be primary, but should be used only as required by the Serbian Constitution, as well as the still applicable Law on the Official Use of Languages and Letters in the Republic of Serbia. Giving up your own letter (Cyrillic) is a sign of the lack of awareness of the need to nurture its own cultural values, preserve national identity and its characteristics. It also points to a lower-value complex and a misconception that moving away from ourselves will bring us closer to others. One should also remember the words of our writer Laze M. Kostić that "with the emergence of Cyrillic, Serbs were culturally created, with its renunciation they would culturally disappear. They would cease to exist as an independent nation, an independent cultural individuality". Neither will the laws of Cyrillic or not sufficiently and desirably, unless we just change our awareness of it. Only in this way can we correct the mistakes of the not-so-distant past (from the second half of the 20th century), and learn the not to give up Cyrillic for any purposes, ideals, possibly future state unions and the aforementioned brotherhood and unity.
Impact of motivational factors on organizational commitment of bank employees
Authors: Lekić Nemanja , Vukosavljević Dejan , Vapa-Tankosić Jelena , Lekić Snežana , Mandić Slavica
Published: June 2021

Human resources are the most important potential of any organization, and therefore organizations must find, attract and retain employees with appropriate knowledge and skills. This includes an adequate way of motivating and rewarding employees, which has a positive effect on their satisfaction, loyalty and commitment to the organization. The subject of the research are the parameters of employee motivation and organizational commitment in commercial banks. The research was conducted in 2019 on the territory of the Republic of Serbia on a sample of 667 respondents. Statistical data processing were be performed using the SPSS program. The aim of the paper is to analyze the interdependence of demographic factors and motivational factors of employees: amount of salary, cooperation and good relations with superiors, greater autonomy in the execution of work tasks and the decision-making process, better information on issues related to the future of the company, opportunities for advancement and additional education and job content. Also, with binary regression we determine the influence of motivational factors on organizational commitment. This research paper will show the ways in which different motivational factors affect the organizational commitment of bank employees, which can be a parameter for bank management in formulating a business strategy that will ensure their efficiency and business success.
Law and software analysis: A step closer to resolving investment disputes through artificial intelligence?
Authors: Galetin Milena , Milovanović Anica
Published: June 2021

Considering the possibility of using artificial intelligence in resolving legal disputes is becoming increasingly popular. The authors examine whether soft ware analysis can be applied to resolve a specific issue in investment disputes - to determine the applicable law to the substance of the dispute and highlight the application of artificial intelligence in the area of law, especially in predicting the outcome of a dispute. The starting point is a sample of 50 arbitral awards and the results of previously conducted research. It has been confirmed that soft ware analysis can be useful in decision-making processes, but not to the extent that arbitrators could exclusively rely on it. On the other hand, the development of an algorithm that would predict applicable law for different legal issues required a much larger sample. We also believe that the existence of different legal and factual circumstances in each case, as well as the personality of the arbitrator and arbitral/judicial discretion are limitations of the application of artificial intelligence in this area.
Fungal microflora biodiversity of healthy and diseased Adansonia digitata and Sclerocarya birrea trees in Kenya
Authors: Cherotich Sheillah , Muthamia Japhet , Njuguna Jane , Muchugi Alice , Otaye Daniel , Graziosi Ignazio , Kinyanjui Zakayo
Published: June 2021

A study was conducted in Eastern Kenya to assess incidence and severity of Adansonia digitata and Sclerocarya birrea diseases under seasonal variations, and to assess associated fungal genera and their distribution. Asymptomatic and symptomatic tissues were sampled from 175 randomly selected trees. Isolations were done from leaves, twigs and bark following laboratory standard procedures. Samples were plated on Malt Extract Agar (MEA) and incubated at 25°C for 7 days. Fungal colonies were evaluated, and pure cultures were obtained using a single hypha. Fungal pathogens were identified based on morphological characteristics of cultures and spores. Statistical analysis were done using GENSTAT version 18. Fungal morphotypes isolated included: Pestalotia (39.0%), Botryosphaeria (41.0%), Fusarium (12.0%), Alternaria (7.9%) and Cladosporium (0.1%). There were no stastically significant differences (p<0.01) in number of isolated fungi among different plant samples and sampling locations. This is the first detailed study on fungal diversity associated with diseased and healthy A. digitata and S. birrea trees in Kenya and it clearly indicates the need for detailed studies of fungal species isolated to develop mitigation strategies.
Significance and application of the green practice concept in hospitality industry in Novi Sad
Authors: Šmugović Stefan , Kalenjuk-Pivarski Bojana , Knežević Natalija , Živković Nikola
Published: June 2021

The application of the green practice in hospitality is becoming more widespread and the awareness of its importance is growing every day. As hospitality belongs to the industry that uses different materials, energy sources and generates different types of waste, the concept of green restaurants is a good sustainable solution for this type of problem that affects the environment. Green restaurants have a great opportunity and chance to create a competitive advantage and thus improves the corporate image, through a more efficient environmental policy and reducing operating costs. The subject of this paper is the importance and application of the concept of the green practice in restaurant facilities. The task of the paper is to examine the employees of hospitality facilities on the territory of Novi Sad with the aim of researching the awareness among the employees about the importance of green restaurants and knowledge about them and the advantages they can achieve.
Predicting the number of tourists using machine learning
Authors: Petrović Đorđe , Ćebić Branko , Beljić Dejan
Published: June 2021

This paper provides an overview of current models of machine learning from time series and their application for the purpose of predicting the number of tourist visits in the coming period. The emergence of the Covid-19 virus has generally had a major impact on Tourism and has introduced great uncertainty in this area. The application of machine learning and an attempt to predict the number of tourist visits in the coming period, can be useful to those who deal with the offer in this area.
Editorial HFD, v. 10, n. 19, junho 2021
Authors: Nickel Prof. Dr. Elton Moura
Published: June 2021

Editorial HFD, v.10, n 19, junho 2021
Phase Structure, Wear Resistance and Antimicrobial Response of Austenitic Stainless Steels 316L by Sputtering Cu during Plasma Nitriding and PECVD of Silicon Nitride
Authors: Rastkar Ahmad Reza
Published: June 2021

The surface of stainless steel 316L was plasma nitrided and subsequently deposited with silicon nitride from tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS):H2:N2 gas mixtures by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). A copper mesh was employed to sputter copper atoms onto the surface during the two processes to consider its effect on the microstructure, tribology and antibacterial response of hard surface layers.
The surface layers were characterized using XRD, optical and SEM microscopy, EDX analysis, microhardness test, pin-on-disc wear tests and microbial viability test. α-Si3N4 was found on the top surfaces of two steps processed stainless steel 316 L. Fe2–3N, Fe4N and CrN were identified in the compound layers. The overall thickness of the surface layers were more than 60 µm. The two step treatments improved the hardness up to 1600 HV0.1. The combination of plasma nitriding (with Cu sputtering) and PECVD of silicon nitride compound (with Cu sputtering) of SS 316 L resulted in superior high hardness, 3 times lower friction and 10 times higher wear resistance of treated surfaces if compared to those of conventional plasma nitrided surfaces.
Cu addition to single plasma nitriding resulted in an effective reduction of 100% of Escherichia coli (E. coli) within 2 to 3 h. However the bacteria viability after the two step processes with Cu addition diminished to zero in 3.5 to 4 h. The antimicrobial response of the surfaces depends mainly on the Cu action and does not interfere with the wear resistance of the surfaces.
Thermal Stability of Filtered Vacuum Arc Deposited Er2O3 Coatings
Authors: Zukerman I. , Goldenberg E. , Zhitomirsky V.N. , Raveh A. , Boxman R.L.
Published: June 2021

Erbium oxide (Er2O3) coatings were deposited using filtered vacuum arc deposition (FVAD) and their structure and thermal stability were studied as a function of fabrication parameters. The coatings were deposited on silicon wafer and tantalum substrates with an arc current of 50 A and a deposition rate of 1.6 ± 0.4 nm/s. The arc was sustained on truncated cone Er cathodes. The influence of oxygen pressure (P= 0.40-0.93 Pa), bias voltage (Vb= -20, -40 or grounded) and substrate temperature (room temperature (RT) or 673K) on film properties was studied before and after post deposition annealing (1273K for 1 hour, at P~ 1.33 Pa). The coatings were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Knoop Hardness.
Optical microscope images indicated that the coatings had very low macroparticle concentration on their surface. The macroparticle diameters were less than 2.5 μm. The coatings were composed of only Er2O3 without any metallic phase under all deposition parameters tested. The coatings deposited on RT substrates were XRD amorphous and had a featureless cross-section microstructure. However, the coatings deposited on 673K heated substrates had a C-Er2O3 structure with (222) preferred orientation and weak columnar microstructure. The coating hardness varied with deposition pressure and substrate bias, and reached a maximum value of 10 GPa at P = 0.4 Pa and Vb = -40 V. The post-deposition annealing caused crystallization, and the coatings hardness dropped to 4 GPa with thermal treatment. However, after post-deposition annealing, no peeling or cracking appeared at the coating surface or the interface with the substrate.
Processing, Adhesion and Corrosion-inhibiting Properties of Poly[2-methoxy-5-(2’-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene], (MEH-PPV) on Aerospace Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Zarras Peter , Buhrmaster Diane , Stenger-Smith John D. , Webber Cindy , Anderson Nicole , Goodman Paul A. , Davis Matthew C.
Published: June 2021

Researchers at the Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division (NAWCWD) and Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (WPAFB) investigated poly[2-methoxy-5-(2’-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene], (MEH-PPV) for its potential corrosion-inhibition properties on aerospace aluminum alloy AA2024-T3. Solution processing of the polymer, as well as adhesion testing and accelerated weathering tests were performed on MEH-PPV full military aerospace coatings. Wet and dry tape adhesion testing, as well as pencil hardness, impact flexibility and pneumatic adhesion tensile test instrument (PATTI) testing were used to demonstrate the adhesion performance of MEH-PPV on aluminum substrates. The results showed that MEH-PPV had acceptable adhesion characteristics when compared to hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) based coatings in all of these tests. Accelerated weathering analysis was performed on MEH-PPV coatings to determine their corrosion protection and weathering resistance capabilities. These tests included neutral salt spray (NSS) exposure and xenon-arc lamp testing. The results showed that while MEH-PPV does not exhibit significant color change after 500 hours of xenon arc lamp exposure, the polymer has poor corrosion protection performance under aggressive salt environments.
WHEN NATIONAL STEREOTYPES BECOME A BRAND: THE CASE OF SPAIN’S DESTINATION MARKETING
Authors: Soriano Procas Miriam , Terrón Barroso Antonio
Published: June 2021

Este artículo explora el papel que el Gobierno central de España parece haber tenido en la creación histórica de estereotipos y clichés nacionales a través de las distintas campañas lanzadas para promocionarse internacionalmente como destino turístico. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo un análisis cualitativo sobre el uso de imágenes que han asociado al país y sus gentes con diferentes formas de exotismo, destacándose las representaciones mediante factores del poder blando como el sol, el mar, el arte o la gastronomía en el caso de España y, en el caso de los españoles, mediante formas de vida tradicional eso, más recientemente, a través de personalidades destacadas.

This paper aims to explore the role that the Spanish central government seems to have historically played on the conformation of national stereotypes and clichés through the campaigns launched to promote the country as a holiday destination abroad. With this objective in mind, a qualitative analysis on the use of images associating the country and its people(s) with different forms of exoticism has been carried out. Special attention has been payed to representations of the country through soft power factors such as sun, beaches, arts or gastronomy and Spaniards through traditionalism and, more recently, through celebrities.
LA FINANCIACIÓN DE LAS DESTINATION MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATIONS EN LOS PRINCIPALES DESTINOS DEL MUNDO. UN ANÁLISIS DESDE LA PERCEPCIÓN DE SUS GESTORES
Authors: Carrillo Hidalgo Isabel , Pulido Fernández Juan Ignacio
Published: June 2021

En la actualidad, una de las fórmulas de gestión de destinos consideradas como más adecuadas para garantizar el desarrollo sostenible y competitivo del turismo son las DMO público-privadas. Sin embargo, la gestión del turismo a través de DMO público-privadas no es una cuestión extendida, ni siquiera en las ciudades más visitadas del mundo.

Este tipo de entidades debe caracterizarse por una menor dependencia del sector público a nivel organizativo, presupuestario y de toma de decisiones, considerándose como una alternativa para dar solución al problema de financiación al que se enfrenta la gestión de los destinos.

Por ello, resulta interesante conocer cómo se financian las DMO de algunas de las ciudades más visitadas del mundo, valorando así su idoneidad de acuerdo con lo establecido por la literatura científica. Así como tratar de entender la razón de su comportamiento, estudiando si tienen asumidas las ventajas e inconvenientes de las diferentes fuentes de financiación.

Currently, one of the management destinations formulas considered as the most adequate to guarantee the sustainable and competitive development of tourism are public-private DMO. However, tourism management through public-private DMO is not a widespread issue, even in all the most visited cities in the world.

This type of entities must be characterized by a lower dependence on the public sector at an organizational, budgetary and decision-making level, being considered as an alternative to solve the financing problem faced by destination management.

Therefore, it is interesting to know how the DMO of the most visited cities in the world are financed, thus assessing their suitability according to what is established by the scientific literature. As well as trying to understand the reason of their behavior, studying whether they have assumed the advantages and disadvantages of different sources of funding.
LA INVISIBILIZACIÓN DEL MOVIMIENTO ZAPATISTA ACTUAL EN EL TURISMO DE LOS ALTOS DE CHIAPAS
Authors: Viera Bravo Patricia , López López Álvaro
Published: June 2021

En este artículo se analizan los principales factores que han operado en la invisibilización del Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional (EZLN) en los circuitos turísticos de Los Altos de Chiapas, mismos que se han beneficiado de la notoriedad mundial lograda por el levantamiento de 1994. Se plantean como factores relevantes el cerco militar y en las comunicaciones impuesto por el Estado mexicano como parte de su estrategia contrainsurgente, así como la producción social de nuevos espacios centrales como parte de la propuesta autonómica zapatista, que se articulan en relaciones alternativas entre comunidades y con redes de apoyo externas.

This article analyzes the main factors at work in the erasure of the Ejercito Zapatista de Liberación Nacional (EZLN) from the tourist circuits of Los Altos de Chiapas, a region that gained worldwide notoriety after the indigenous uprising of January 1, 1994. An evaluation of both the Zapatista autonomic proposals and the State’s counterinsurgency measures is carried out, including the effects of the military and communications encirclement imposed by the Mexican State, and the social production of new central spaces, as part of alternative community projects with external support networks.
MADRID, NUEVO NORTE”, UN PROYECTO CONTRA LA COVID-19: EL TURISMO COMO OPORTUNIDAD
Authors: Sotelo Pérez Ignacio , Sotelo Pérez María , Sotelo Navalpotro José Antonio
Published: June 2021

La historia urbanística que ha dado paso al denominado como “Madrid, Nuevo Norte” comienza a finales del siglo pasado, cuando se estudia programar para la estación de Chamartín y sus alrededores, una remodelación exhaustiva. Finalmente, este planteamiento, no consiguió que tuviera el suficiente reconocimiento institucional para que se llevara a cabo un plan urbanístico que resolviera la situación en la que se encontraba unos terrenos, y en unos suelos que comprendían la conocida como “Área de Planeamiento Específico (APE 08.03), Prolongación de la Castellana” (hoy “Madrid, Nuevo Norte”). A lo largo del presente estudio nos aproximamos, tal y como podemos comprobar en las variables integrantes de la Metodología desarrollada, los espacios residuales que forman parte de los Lost spaces, que predominan en este espacio geográfico. Punto de partida de ulteriores investigaciones en las que la referencia deben ser las actividades turísticas que se generarán en la que podríamos denominar etapa posterior a la “Covid-19”.

The urban history that has given way to the so-called “Madrid, New North” begins at the end of the last century when around the nineties, a comprehensive remodeling that completely transforms its appearance is being studied for the Madrid Chamartín station and its surroundings. Finally, this approach did not achieve, for various reasons, that it had sufficient institutional recognition for an urban plan to be carried out to resolve the situation in which there was some land that occupied about three million square meters, and on soils that comprised the so-called “Specific Planning Area (APE 08.03), Castellana Extension”; and whose operation to be more exact would be commonly known as “Operation Chamartín”; which later would be renamed with the name that currently remains of “Madrid, Nuevo Norte”. Throughout this study we approach As we can see in the variables that make up the Methodology developed and applied, the residual spaces that are part of the Lost spaces (formless and useless anti spaces) predominate in this geographic space. It is a no-man's-land along the edges of the highways, whose conservation nobody cares about, and which nobody uses. Starting point for further research in which the reference should be the tourist activities that will be generated in what we could call the post-Covid-19 stage.
Dilemmaer og perspektiver for fagdidaktisk forsknings- og udviklingsarbejde
Authors: Krogh Ellen
Published: June 2021

I denne kommentarartikel undersøger jeg hvordan fagdidaktisk vidensproduktion aktualiseres i publikationens fire hovedartikler, og jeg overvejer de generelle problemstillinger som undersøgelsen rejser
Undersøgende matematikundervisning fra et scenariedidaktisk perspektiv
Authors: Misfeldt Morten
Published: June 2021

Responsartikel til Morten Blomhøjs tekst: “Samspil mellem fagdidaktisk forskning og udvikling af matematikundervisning - Belyst gennem erfaringer fra et udviklingsprojekt om undersøgende matematikundervisning”
Socially Responsible Human Resource Management and Voluntary Environmental Behavior: Moderating the Effect of Ecocentric Leadership
Authors:   Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Al-Amin Md. , Akter Refa ,   Rangamati Science and Technology University, Akter Ayesha ,   University of Chittagong, Uddin Md. ,   University of Chittagong, Mamun Abdullah ,   University of Chittagong
Published: June 2021

Purpose: The study examines the influence of socially responsible human resource management (SRHRM) on employees’ voluntary environmental behavior (VEB), and it tests the moderating effect of ecocentric leadership (EL). Design/Method: We adopted deductive reasoning in a positivist paradigm by applying quantitative analytical techniques and structural equation modeling. We selected 187 respondents from clothing industry through a self-administered questionnaire survey in Chattogram, the commercial capital of Bangladesh. Findings: The outcomes revealed that both SRHRM and EL influence VEB. However, the moderation analysis indicated that EL negatively intervenes in the effect of SRHRM on VEB. Implications: One of the essential contributions of our study is its development of the knowledge related to valuing, developing, and measuring SRHRM’s contribution to improving VEB in a moderated model with the help of EL to ensure long-term sustainability. Originality: Very little is known about the importance of SRHRM in fostering employees’ voluntary environmental behavior, so this study will be one of the first to examine the topic. Moreover, the moderating effect of EL posits that its interaction effect is not substantial in stimulating voluntary environmental behavior if organizations can institutionalize SRHRM.
Audit Committee Formation: The Case of Poland
Authors:   Kozminski University, Puławska Karolina , Dobija Dorota ,   Kozminski University, Piotrowska Katarzyna ,   Kozminski University, Kravchenko Grygorii ,   Kozminski University
Published: June 2021

Purpose: This study investigates the determinants of audit committee (AC) formation in a semi-mandatory setting of a European economy, in which ownership and control are predominantly in the hands of families and business groups, and the voluntary practice of forming an AC has not been widely accepted. Methodology: This research uses a sample of Polish nonfinancial firms listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE) in 2008–2015. The study implemented logistic regression to test the role of the supervisory board (SB) and companies’ compositional characteristics in AC creation. Findings: Primary analysis provided evidence of an inverted association between commonly accepted determinants of AC formation – such as the number of independent members on the supervisory board (SB) – and accounting and finance expertise of the SB members. The study also revealed that companies with foreign ownership are more likely to have an AC. Originality: This study indicates an important relationship between the existence of other SB committees as a meaningful determinant of AC formation. This article is valuable for supervisory bodies and regulators as they provide insights into factors that influence audit committee formation.
Playing with stereotypes: Russia and the Russians in the animated TV series “The Simpsons” (1989-2020)
Authors: Osipov Sergey
Published: June 2021

The subject of this research is the image of the USSR/Russia resembles in the popular animated TV series “The Simpsons” throughout the past 30 years, considering the method of translating information inserted in the media text, as well as the complexity/simplicity of decoding this information by the viewer, ambiguity/unambiguity of interpretations, etc. The TB series touched upon the following topics related to the USSR/Russia: immigration to the United States and life of the immigrants in the new homeland, the Cold War, Communism and anti-Communism, Russian culture, Russia as a rival of the United States. The author traces the dynamics, diversity, and specificity of covering Soviet/Russian theme for over 30 years in the context of the dynamics of relations between the Soviet Union/Russia and the West, including political, social, cultural, and other nuances. The author carries out a cross-disciplinary dedicated to the work of popular culture in the context of political history of the XX – early XX centuries. The novelty consists in revealing the main themes of the “Russian presence” in the TV series (based on the analysis of almost 700 episodes), and the way they are conveyed (leveling the established stereotypes or their debunking for the sake of countering manipulations with public sentiment). Impugning the statement that ideology of “The Simpsons” is purely neoliberal, the author draws a more complex and critical worldview of “The Simpsons” in with regards to American society. Russia holds a special place in this world due to complicated bilateral relations since the Cold War, which consequences are yet to be fully overcome. An ineradicable remnant of the Cold War is the link between Russia and Communism, in which “Communism” is a synonym of any dissenting view. Russia is also associated with a rich, although highbrow culture, unattractive to most of the ordinary citizens. The main satirical idea of “The Simpsons” is to emphasize the cultural dissonance, which intensifies the difficulties of mutual understanding based on political confrontation and remaining ideological prejudices.
Ultra-low noise microwave frequency generation based on optical frequency comb
Authors: Shao Xiao-Dong , Han Hai-Nian , Wei Zhi-Yi ,   Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China,   School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Published: June 2021

Low noise microwave frequency has important applications in radar, long baseline interferometer and other fields. The phase noise of microwave signal generated by optical frequency comb is lower than –100 dBc/Hz at 1 Hz frequency offset and –170 dBc/ Hz at high frequencies (> 100 kHz), which is the lowest in the noise produced by all existing microwave frequency generation technologies. This paper introduces the basic principle of optical frequency comb generating microwave frequency, analyzes and summarizes various kinds of noise of microwave frequency signals and noise suppressing technologies. Then the low noise measuring methods are introduced, and several typical experimental devices generating microwave frequency and the obtained results are described. With the continuous improvement of optical frequency comb and noise suppression technology, microwave frequency source with very low noise will have wider application prospects and application fields.
Farming practices affect the amino acid profiles of the aquaculture Chinese mitten crab
Authors: Zeng Qingfei , Xu Yuxia , Jeppesen Erik , Gu Xiaohong , Mao Zhigang , Chen Huihui
Published: June 2021

Farming operation and amino acid profiles of pond-reared Chinese mitten crabs, Eriocheir sinensis (Milne Edwards, 1853), collected from different areas in Jiangsu Province, China were investigated and compared with the aim to elucidate how farming practices affected the nutritional values of three edible tissues (muscle, hepatopancreas and gonad) of crab. The crab pond aquaculture practices including snail input, macrophytes coverage, total commercial feed, the ratio of trash fish to total feed, were much higher in Gaochun and Jintan than that in other sites (having larger pond size), which leads to higher average individual body weight and commercial yields. Further, the mean body weight, muscle weight, carapace length and width, and the ratio of gonad to hepatopancreas were significantly higher in Jintan, Suzhou and Gaochun areas than in other regions. Amino acid assessment showed that all crabs collected delivered high-quality protein (Amino acid score >1 except Valine), the main amino acids being glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and alanine. Significant differences in amino acid profiles were observed between sites, tissues and sexes. Muscles were rich in total amino acids, essential amino acids, and delicious amino acids, followed by gonads and hepatopancreas. The contents of essential amino acids in crab muscles from Gaochun, Jintan, Suzhou and Guannan were significantly higher than those from Suqian, Sihong and Xinghua. All the amino acids except Serine and Glycine were significantly higher in gonads from males than from females. The redundancy analysis revealed that the snail input, trash fish ratio to the total feed, macrophytes coverage and total trash fish supply explained 84.3% of the variation in the amino acid content and structure in crabs from Gaochun, Jintan and Suzhou. Overall, our results show that mitten crabs collected in Jiangsu province had good nutritional quality suitable for human dietary needs, and that farming practices, especially degree of fish-source protein feeding, influence the amino acids composition of crabs.
Knowledge gaps hamper understanding the relationship between fragmentation and biodiversity loss: the case of Atlantic Forest fruit-feeding butterflies
Authors: Sobral-Souza Thadeu , Stropp Juliana , Santos Jessie Pereira , Prasniewski Victor Mateus , Szinwelski Neucir , Vilela Bruno , Freitas André Victor Lucci , Ribeiro Milton Cezar , Hortal Joaquín
Published: June 2021

Background

A key challenge for conservation biology in the Neotropics is to understand how deforestation affects biodiversity at various levels of landscape fragmentation. Addressing this challenge requires expanding the coverage of known biodiversity data, which remain to date restricted to a few well-surveyed regions. Here, we assess the sampling coverage and biases in biodiversity data on fruit-feeding butterflies at the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, discussing their effect on our understanding of the relationship between forest fragmentation and biodiversity at a large-scale. We hypothesize that sampling effort is biased towards large and connected fragments, which occur jointly in space at the Atlantic forest.

Methods

We used a comprehensive dataset of Atlantic Forest fruit-feeding butterfly communities to test for sampling biases towards specific geographical areas, climate conditions and landscape configurations.

Results

We found a pattern of geographical aggregation of sampling sites, independently of scale, and a strong sampling bias towards large and connected forest fragments, located near cities and roads. Sampling gaps are particularly acute in small and disconnected forest fragments and rare climate conditions. In contrast, currently available data can provide a fair picture of fruit-feeding butterfly communities in large and connected Atlantic Forest remnants.

Discussion

Biased data hamper the inference of the functional relationship between deforestation and biodiversity at a large-scale, since they are geographically clustered and have sampling gaps in small and disconnected fragments. These data are useful to inform decision-makers regarding conservation efforts to curb biodiversity loss in the Atlantic Forest. Thus, we suggest to expand sampling effort to small and disconnected forest fragments, which would allow more accurate evaluations of the effects of landscape modification.