bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Navigating the Central Mediterranean in a Time of ‘Crisis’: Disentangling Migration Governance and Migrant Journeys
Authors: McMahon Simon , Sigona Nando
Published: March 2018

From 2014 to the end of 2016, over 450,000 people crossed from North Africa towards Italy via the Central Mediterranean route. The number of people recorded as dead or missing in the same stretch of water steadily increased too. Crisis-talk in the region led to renewed efforts by the European Union and its Member States to govern and control migration to and across the Central Mediterranean. Against this backdrop, this article draws upon over 200 interviews with newly arrived boat migrants and 55 stakeholders in Italy to reveal a fundamental disjuncture between the drivers and dynamics of migration and the assumptions underpinning policy development, the saliency of which becomes apparent at three crucial junctions: along migration land routes; at sea; and upon arrival in Europe. In doing so, the article questions current ways of understanding journeys in research and policy, and highlights their consequences for the governance of migration.
Argentine Documentary Film and the Politics of Presence: Jorge Prelorán’s Valle Fértil
Authors: Moore Christopher
Published: March 2018

Jorge Prelorán’s experiences directing and distributing his 1972 film Valle Fértil force us to reconsider what we regard as the significance of documentary. Far too often the historiography of Argentine and Latin American cinema rests either on director biographies, wherein auteurs’ party allegiances define their work, or on textual analysis of the final cut, wherein we isolate finished products from the history of their making. The case of Valle Fértil suggests that the localized, personal interactions inherent to production and distribution are an equally relevant legacy of the filmmaking experience. Given that other documentaries at this time were similarly predicated on sustained contact with select populations, the work of filmmakers ranging from Fernando Birri to Fernando Solanas might then likewise be analyzed through such a lens. For this reason, Jorge Prelorán, so often seen as unique or as a counterexample in the history of Argentine film, becomes instead exemplary.

La experiencia de Jorge Prelorán al dirigir y distribuir su película de 1972 Valle Fértil nos obliga a reconsiderar eso que entendemos como el significado del documental. Con demasiada frecuencia, la historiografía del cine argentino y latinoamericano descansa en las biografías de los directores, donde las lealtades partidarias de los autores definen su trabajo, o en el análisis textual del corte final, en el que aislamos el producto terminado de la historia de su creación. El caso de Valle Fértil sugiere que las interacciones locales y personales inherentes a la producción y distribución son un legado tan relevante como la experiencia cinematográfica. Dado que otros documentales del momento se basaban, similarmente, en un contacto sostenido con poblaciones particulares, el trabajo de cineastas que abarcan desde Fernando Birri a Fernando Solanas también podría ser analizado a través de dicho lente. Por esta razón, Jorge Prelorán, a menudo visto como un caso único o un contraejemplo en la historia del cine argentino, se convierte en un caso ejemplar.
The Institutionalization of Suffering: Embodied Inhabitation and the Maintenance of Health and Safety in E-waste Recycling
Authors: Stowell Alison F. , Warren Samantha
Published: March 2018

In this article, we put forward the concept of ‘embodied inhabitation’ to bring a bodily and material perspective to bear on institutional maintenance. Using an ‘inhabited institutions’ framework, and drawing on autoethnographic, visual data, we develop a strategy of empathizing with field research participants that blurs the boundaries between human and non-human, social and material, and cultural and biological in understanding the embodied micro-level, situated interactions that maintain the institutional status quo. These have hitherto been overlooked in studies of institutional maintenance and institutional theory more broadly. Empirically, we explore how organizational imperatives designed to uphold the institution of the ‘safe system of work’ required by health and safety law in the United Kingdom play out in the course of the everyday work of e-waste recycling workers. Three vignettes relating to an overarching theme of ‘suffering’ consider institutional inhabitation as micro-level embodied interactions, and we show how socio-embodied discourses of commitment, skill and (working-class) masculinities legitimate the normalization of waste workers’ suffering, which in turn maintains institutionalized ideas of health and safety at work. We conclude by reflecting on the value of employing an ‘embodied inhabitation’ approach in other institutional settings.
Going Out: A Sociology of Public Outings
Authors: DeLand Michael , Trouille David
Published: March 2018

In this article we propose a framework for description and analysis of public life by treating “outings” as a unit of sociological analysis. Studying outings requires bracketing a concern with bounded places and isolated encounters. Instead, descriptions of outings track people as they organize trips “out,” including their preparations, turning points, and post hoc reflections. We emphasize how people understand and contextualize their time in public by linking situated moments of public life to the outing’s unfolding trajectory and to people’s biographical circumstances. We treat outings in and through public parks as a strategic site to show the utility of studying public outings more generally. A sociology of outings has broad theoretical and methodological implications for how we understand the collective patterning of public life and inequality in everyday encounters.
Evaluation of vehicle-based tyre testing methods
Authors: Albinsson Anton , Bruzelius Fredrik , Jacobson Bengt , Bakker Egbert
Published: March 2018

The demand for reduced development time and cost for passenger cars increases the strive to replace physical testing with simulations. This leads to requirements on the accuracy of the simulation models used in the development process. The tyres, the only components transferring forces from the road to the vehicle, are a challenge from a modelling and parameterization perspective. Tests are typically performed on flat belt tyre testing machines. Flat belt machines offers repeatable and reliable measurements. However, differences between the real world road surface and the flat belt can be expected. Hence, when using a tyre model based on flat belt measurements in full vehicle simulations, differences between the simulations and real prototype testing can be expected as well. Vehicle-based tyre testing can complement flat belt measurements by allowing reparameterization of tyre models to a new road surface. This paper describes an experimental vehicle-based tyre testing approach that aims to parameterize force and moment tyre models compatible with the standard tyre interface. Full-vehicle tests are performed, and the results are compared to measurements from a mobile tyre testing rig on the same surface and to measurements on a flat belt machine. The results show that it is feasible to measure the inputs and outputs to the standard tyre interface on a flat road surface with the used experimental setup. The flat belt surface and the surface on the test track show similar characteristics. The maximum lateral force is sensitive to the chosen manoeuvres, likely due to temperature differences and to vibrations at large slip angles. For tyre models that do not model these effects, it is vital to test the tyres in a manoeuvre that creates comparable conditions for the tyres as the manoeuvre in which the tyre model will be used.
Characteristics of auto-ignition in gasoline–biodiesel blended fuel under engine-like conditions
Authors: Vu Dinh Nam , Das Shubhra Kanti , Jwa Kyeonghun , Lim Ocktaeck
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effects of biodiesel fraction on auto-ignition for gasoline–biodiesel blended fuel, which combines two fuels with widely different auto-ignition characteristics. First, gasoline was blended with biodiesel at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by volume, and then tested in a rapid compression expansion machine at a compression ratio of 11 and a temperature range of 720–850 K to observe the auto-ignition delay phenomenon under engine-like conditions. The experimental conditions are focused on improving the auto-ignition characteristic of gasoline direct-injection compression ignition combustion strategies under low load and cold start. The heat release rate of the blended fuels was calculated from the pressure trace and displacement history of the piston in order to identify first-stage ignition and second-stage (auto-ignition) ignition delay. Second, a gasoline–biodiesel reaction mechanism was developed to predict the chemical ignition delay of the blended fuels. The reaction mechanism with 4285 species and 15,246 reactions was validated and implemented using the CHEMKIN PRO software. Finally, the chemical ignition delay was predicted by the simulation which was further compared to the experimental measured results. These results revealed that a higher biodiesel fraction helps to obtain shorter ignition delay, which reduces the requirement of intake temperature. The blended fuel with 20% biodiesel showed the lowest ambient temperature at the injection timing requirement and was 80 K lower than gasoline. Each blended fuel exhibited two-stage ignitions in the measured temperature range. The combustion duration and pressure peak of every blended fuel were similar to each other after increasing the biodiesel fraction.
A distribution model of the GNSS code noise and multipath error considering both elevation angle and orbit type
Authors: Fan Guochao , Xu Chengdong , Zhao Jing , Zheng Xueen
Published: March 2018

Commonly, the code noise and multipath error is considered to fully obey the Gaussian distribution. While in the cases with different elevation angles and orbit types, the assumption may be inappropriate. Based on an empirical study, by considering both the elevation angle and the orbit type, a new code noise and multipath distribution model is proposed to describe a more accurate code noise and multipath distribution in this paper. Actual code noise and multipath data from 10 observation stations during two months are researched, and the parameters and elevation angle range of code noise and multipath distribution model are determined. The code noise and multipath distribution model is verified to be more accurate than the model presented in the Global Navigation Satellite System Evolutionary Architecture Study report, according to the analysis on the code noise and multipath overbounding, position error overbounding, and the availability of receiver autonomous integrity monitoring. This model provides more accurate prior information for receiver autonomous integrity monitoring, especially its availability.
Policy Logic: Creating policy and evaluation capital in your organisation
Authors: Page Carolyn , Ayres Russell
Published: March 2018

Cultural barriers can impede evaluative discourse in government agencies and can pose challenges to good public policy and program implementation. These barriers can be raised—and ameliorated—by applying the “Policy Logic” framework. Policy Logic incorporates elements of the standard “Program Logic” approach, but it goes more deeply into government’s purpose, focusing on the government policy problem to be addressed by the proposed policy or program. The manner in which the framework is used in workshops and discussions with evaluation clients is critical to its success as an evaluation tool. Since its initial development in the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry in 2001, Policy Logic has become increasingly popular as an analytic tool in policy development and program evaluation. The lively, interactive nature of Policy Logic workshops also makes them useful in bridging the divide between policy and program expertise, helping build a confident, speculative conversation in organisations about “what’s needed” and “what works” and improving the way the purpose of policy and programs is communicated to government and to stakeholders. This can deepen the role of evaluation as integral to policy development and program management, rather than as a “bolt on” or an “afterthought” in the policy-implementation process. This article is based on a café-style interactive workshop at the 2017 Australasian Evaluation Society Conference in Canberra, Australia. The workshop was aimed at stimulating discussion and debate about how evaluation practice—assisted by the Policy Logic tool—can help bridge the policy-implementation divide.
Invasive Mammary Carcinoma With Mixed Invasive Papillary and Glycogen Rich Clear Cell Features
Authors: Solanki Malvika H. , Derylo Amanda F. , Jorns Julie M.
Published: March 2018

Invasive papillary carcinoma (IPC) and glycogen-rich clear cell carcinoma (GRCCC) are rare primary breast carcinomas. IPC typically have favorable prognosis, whereas the prognosis of GRCCC is less established. We report a unique case of high-grade invasive mammary carcinoma with mixed IPC and GRCCC features. We review the imaging and pathologic features and discuss prognosis of these unusual breast cancer subtypes.
‘Oh, what a tangled web we weave’: How tax linkages shape responsiveness in the United Kingdom and France
Authors: Truchlewski Zbigniew
Published: March 2018

What determines government responsiveness during fiscal austerity? Comparing the United Kingdom (UK) and France between 1975 and 2015 and using narrative accounts of austerity episodes, I argue that tax linkages (defined as the nature of dominant taxes, their governance and their dilemmas) shape partisan competition and fiscal responsiveness. I show how, despite comparable conditions, the UK and France implemented austerity simultaneously but opted for divergent types of fiscal responsiveness. In the UK, the right has been advantaged by centralized and weak tax linkages, which acted as a break on tax hikes and favoured spending cuts. In France, the left benefited from decentralized and strong tax linkages, which helped to increase taxes and made it hard to cut spending.
Anconeus Epitrochlearis Muscle Associated With Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: A Case Series
Authors: Kim Nicholas , Stehr Ryan , Matloub Hani S. , Sanger James R.
Published: March 2018

Background: Cubital tunnel syndrome is a common compressive neuropathy of the upper extremity. The anconeus epitrochlearis muscle is an unusual but occasional contributor. We review our experience with this anomalous muscle in elbows with cubital tunnel syndrome. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed charts of 13 patients noted to have an anconeus epitrochlearis muscle associated with cubital tunnel syndrome. Results: Ten patients had unilateral ulnar neuropathy supported by nerve conduction studies. Three had bilateral cubital tunnel syndrome symptoms with 1 of those having normal nerve conduction studies for both elbows. Eight elbows were treated with myotomy of the anconeus epitrochlearis muscle and submuscular transposition of the ulnar nerve. The other 8 elbows were treated with myotomy of the anconeus epitrochlearis muscle and in situ decompression of the ulnar nerve only. All but 1 patient had either clinical resolution or improvement of symptoms at follow-up ranging from 2 weeks to 1 year after surgery. The 1 patient who had persistent symptoms had received myotomy and in situ decompression of the ulnar nerve only. Conclusions: An anomalous anconeus epitrochlearis occasionally results in compression of the ulnar nerve but is usually an incidental finding. Its contribution to compression neuropathy can be tested intraoperatively by passively ranging the elbow while observing the change in vector and tension of its muscle fibers over the ulnar nerve. Regardless of findings, we recommend myotomy of the muscle and in situ decompression of the ulnar nerve. Submuscular transposition of the ulnar nerve may be necessary if there is subluxation.
The characteristics of air wave induced by two high-speed trains passing by each other in a tunnel
Authors: Liu Kai , Jing Lin , Ren Ming
Published: March 2018

A three-dimensional computational model of two CRH2 trains passing by each other in a tunnel was developed using finite volume method with moving mesh, to investigate the characteristics of air wave and flow field around high-speed trains. Two meeting scenarios (i.e. meeting at the same train speeds and at different train speeds) and five train speeds (i.e. 200, 250, 300, 350, and 400 km/h) were examined. The computational model is demonstrated to be qualified to investigate the characteristics of air wave for two trains meeting in a tunnel. The pressure distribution and velocity vectors of two trains meeting in a tunnel were revealed, and the typical features of the corresponding air wave curve were discussed. Furthermore, the variation regularity of pressure amplitudes and the relationship between pressure wave amplitude and train speed were also analyzed. The results indicate that two trains with a large speed difference should be avoided when they pass by each other in a tunnel. These findings are helpful to guide the design of trains and tunnel structures and the dispatching management of rail transit.
Optimization of cone bit bearing seal based on failure analysis
Authors: Huang Zhiqiang , Li Gang
Published: March 2018

To improve the performance of the cone bit bearing seal, experimental study and simulation analysis of seal failure were carried out, and optimization of the seal was conducted. Results show that damages are located on the shoulder of the rubber rings due to high shear stress caused by large compression ratio, and serious wear appears on the sealing face of the metal rings because of unreasonable contact pressure distribution. Optimization was conducted by finite element method on three aspects: the dip angles (3°–8°) of the sealing face, the widths (1.3–3.9 mm) of the sealing face, and the back support structure (10°–15°). These three aspects were optimized one by one. Each aspect was optimized by different values, with the average compression ratio and the contact pressure distribution of the sealing face acting as evaluations. The optimal value of the previous optimization step performs as the static value in the next step, and finally, the optimized structure was selected from the last step. The performance of the optimized seal is significantly improved. The compression ratio of the optimized seal rubber drops to less than 14%. The wear mount of the new structure reduces to 20%–38% of the original structure.
Percutaneous drainage of a parotid gland abscess under contrast-enhanced ultrasound guidance: A case report
Authors: Scattergood Sean , Moore Stephen , Prior Andrew , Yusuf Gibran T , Sidhu Paul S
Published: March 2018

A parotid gland abscess is uncommon and if not responding to conservative management, requires surgical intervention. However, surgery is invasive with the risk of complicating facial nerve damage and possible poor cosmetic outcome. We present a case of a parotid gland abscess in association with an underlying Warthin’s tumour requiring percutaneous drainage, as patient co-morbidity precluded a safe surgical approach. Percutaneous drainage was aided by a contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination, which permitted delineation of the fluid aspects of the collection from the underlying tumour and allowed successful percutaneous ultrasound-guided aspiration without complication.
EPPO and environmental crime
Authors: Di Francesco Maesa Costanza
Published: March 2018

Notwithstanding the adoption of European measures aimed at tackling environmental crime and the possibilities offered by the new provisions set down in the Treaties, the environment in the European Union is not yet satisfactorily protected, mainly because of an enforcement deficit. Exploring the possibilities offered by the Treaties, this article examines the possibility of developing the potential of Article 86 Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). The article particularly scrutinizes whether the extension of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office’s (EPPO’s) competence to environmental crime could ensure more effective protection of the environment via the effective prosecution of perpetrators of serious environmental crime having a cross-border dimension. To that purpose, firstly, it is ascertained whether and under which conditions it is legally possible and practically feasible to extend the EPPO’s competence over environmental crime. Secondly, it is assessed whether extending the EPPO’s competence to environmental crime is desirable for solving the main problems which cause an enforcement deficit of environmental rules and whether it represents an added value in ensuring the enforcement of the Union’s environmental rules. The findings of the analysis are summarized in the conclusion.
Prostitution is Not Work: A Trade Unionist’s Perspective
Authors: Kaur Amarjeet
Published: March 2018

As Secretary of the All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC), the oldest trade union federation in India and one of the five largest, the author argues that prostitution is a continuum of abuse of women, who are already bereft of their rights as workers, and whose choices are limited due to their marginalization as females in the patriarchal and feudal society of India. Women experience various types of exploitation in the regular industries, and are vulnerable to their labour being exploited because of their unequal education and unequal access to resources. The author locates instances of such exploitation, in both the organized and unorganized sector. She explains why her trade union has rejected the the use of the term ‘sex-worker’, for prostitution.
Book review: Aneela Zeb Babar, We Are All Revolutionaries Here: Militarism, Political Islam and Gender in Pakistan
Authors: Sengupta Sucharita
Published: March 2018

Aneela Zeb Babar, We Are All Revolutionaries Here: Militarism, Political Islam and Gender in Pakistan. New Delhi: SAGE Publications and Yoda Press, 2017, xii + 180 pp., ₹695.
A new Editor-in-Chief for Development
Authors: Bray Sarah , Storey Kate , Brown Katherine
Published: March 2018

Summary: We are delighted to announce that James Briscoe will be taking over from Olivier Pourquié as the journal's Editor-in-Chief. In this Editorial, we also share some of the feedback we received during our recent community consultation.
Ciało jako medium postpamięci
Authors: Sajewska Dorota
Published: March 2018

In the post‑memory discourse the visual and textual remains – images and narrations – function as the main media connecting the present and the past. Whereas this text concentrates on the meaning of the body as a medium of memory transmission. On the one hand, recalling the corporeal aspects present in Marianne Hirsch’s works, on the other – Rebecca Schneider’s theories placing the question of the body as an archive in the very centre, as well as Alison Landsberg’s concept of prosthetic memories, the author shows how today’s theatre, performance and video art concerned with the issue of the Shoah, try to offer the possibility of the body‑to‑body transmission of history and collective experience.
Pamięć, tabu, trauma w najnowszym kinie polskim
Authors: Żakieta Katarzyna
Published: March 2018

Contemporary film settlement of the twentieth‑century history, especially of experiences of World War II and Polish People’s Republic, on the one hand continues the tradition started by Polish Film School of de‑mythologizing trend, on the other hand – seeks new means of aesthetic expression. Through the analysis of Rose, dir. W. Smarzowski, Aftermath, dir. W. Pasikowski and Ida, dir. P. Pawlikowski, I present how the recent Polish cinema struggles with the collective trauma. As my research tools, I used concepts proposed by M. Hirsch, J.K. Olick, D. LaCapra and A. Landsberg, among others. That allowed me to take a look at relations between the protagonists inside diegesis, but also to reflect on the situation of the Polish cinema, which still struggles with, what M. Janion defined as “the post‑Romantic neurosis of Polish society”. However, I have tried to show, that “the politics of regret”, “the prosthetic memory” and, dictated by the logic of capitalism, the realities of postmemory in popular culture, may have also positive overtones in highlighting marginalised history.
Powieść o dzieciach desaparecidos jako głos w argentyńskiej dyskusji o pamięci
Authors: Gaszyńska-Magiera Małgorzata
Published: March 2018

The term desaparecidos refers to the people who disappeared with no traces between 1976‑1983 when the military junta took over the power in Argentina. Its functionaries fought all political adversaries with no mercy. The democratic Argentina has had to face its own tragic history, punish the criminal government and, if possible, repair harm made to its victims. At the same time, the debate on the tragic past has begun. Children of the desaparecidos, adult nowadays, try to find out the truth about their parents’ fate and, at the same time, to construct their own identity. The article focuses on the stories of the children of the desaparecidos reflected in the contemporary Argentine short novels. Two of them are taken into account: Ni muerto has perdido tu nombre by Luis Gusmán and Los topos by Félix Bruzzone. Both authors present two young men who lost their parents soon after the birth and their effort to confront traumas of the past and their consequences.
Proces implementacji traktatu lizbońskiego w latach 2009-2014
Authors: Węc Janusz Józef
Published: March 2018

The subject of the article is the process of implementing the provisions of the Lisbon Treaty from 13 December 2007 during the first 5 years following its entry into force. The first part of the article introduces implementation actions concerning the EU’s institutional system while the second part – works on the implementation of provisions concerning the delegated and implementing acts. The third part has been devoted to the implementation of provisions modifying the principles of democracy and the axiology of the EU, however the fourth part concerns changes in the European Union’s common security and defence policy. Finally, the fifth part describes the Irish Protocol containing legal guarantees granted to Ireland by the EU within the domain of the right to life, education and family, tax policy and the security and defence policy.
Kompetencje budżetowe parlamentu europejskiego
Authors: Nitszke Agnieszka
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this article is to present the role of the European Parliament in the process of adoption, management and control of EU’s funds. The following sections will discuss: EP powers to decide on the budget for 70s; then the powers of Parliament to decide on the budget from the 70s to the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty, and the third point of the European Parliament’s budgetary powers following the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon. The conclusions and observations of the author will be presented at the end of the article. The evolution of the EU budget – payments and expenses associated with an increase in the competence of Parliament – the institution of an advisory nature at its origin to today’s main position beside the Council of the European Union legislature. It can be considered that just the influence on budget expenditure was the beginning of the development of this institution to become a real representative of EU citizens and their interests .
Granice nauki o polityce jako dyscypliny naukowej
Authors: Wojtaszczyk Konstanty Adam
Published: March 2018

Borders of Political Science as a Discipline The paper discusses the area of Political Science as a discipline and its borders. The four chapters include: terminology and its practical consequences, genesis and development of Political Science, research methods of Political Science and the position of Political Science in comparison to Social and Human Sciences.
Nauki społeczne? Po co nam one?
Authors: Krauz-Mozer Barbara
Published: March 2018

The development of social sciences knowledge has had a growing impact upon social consciousness. The question is how a competent and responsive public society – and not only some of its members – will use it. Controversies linked to methodological debates reveal differences in views on legitimate research activities, which in turn translate into diversified knowledge. Heterogeneous resources of social sciences knowledge used sensibly – in the Author’s opinion – would create scope for positive expression of civic attitudes and qualities, broaden the horizons of thought and action, leading people to become independent, competent and responsible members of society.
Selling Off-Grid Light to Liquidity-Constrained Consumers
Authors: Uppari Bhavani Shanker , Popescu Ioana , Netessine Serguei
Published: March 2018

Problem definition: A large proportion of the world’s population has no access to electricity and so relies on noxious kerosene for their lighting needs. Solar-based solutions require a large up-front investment and are often unaffordable in this market owing to consumers’ tight liquidity constraints. As an alternative, there are business models relying on rechargeable light bulbs that are sold at a subsidized price (which renders them affordable) and require regular micropayments for recharges (which eases liquidity constraints). These bulbs provide a cheaper and healthier light source than kerosene, yet their adoption is lower than expected, and some consumers continue to use kerosene. This paper explores the potential drivers of such preferences and proposes strategies to alter them. Academic/practical relevance: Unlike most of the existing operations management literature, which focuses on the problems in developed economies, our paper studies a problem specific to the poor population. Our novel modeling approach, which incorporates several operational features of the impoverished regions, could also serve as a template for other potential modeling attempts in similar settings. Methodology: We propose a stylized consumer behavior model that accounts for—in addition to the monetary cost incurred while using a particular light source—the inconvenience cost (resulting from repeated travel to the purchase center) and blackout cost (resulting from liquidity constraints) associated with that source to explain the consumer preference for kerosene and to recommend strategies that could mitigate that preference. Results: Although kerosene lighting is more expensive than bulbs, consumers who face either high inconvenience costs or high blackout costs prefer kerosene to bulbs because the former’s flexibility, with regard to quantity, helps reduce whichever cost is dominating. At the firm level, there is an optimal bulb capacity and recharge price pair that maximizes the firm’s revenue; furthermore, a firm can reverse the preferences for kerosene by increasing the flexibility of the bulbs (e.g., by allowing partial recharges). Although strategies—such as price discounts and mobile micropayments—which alleviate liquidity constraints are not in themselves sufficient to ensure higher adoption rates, increased bulb use becomes more likely when they are combined with inconvenience-reducing strategies. Managerial implications: Our paper sheds light on the structure of the market in which firms operate by identifying the characteristics of the market segments that prefer kerosene. It also helps the firms make better decisions by evaluating the efficacy of several strategies in terms of increasing the adoption of bulbs.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2017.0673 .

This paper has been accepted for the Manufacturing & Service Operations Management Special Issue on Value Chain Innovations in Developing Economies.
Interairline Equity in Airport Scheduling Interventions
Authors: Jacquillat Alexandre , Vaze Vikrant
Published: March 2018

In the absence of opportunities for capacity expansion or operational enhancements, air traffic congestion mitigation may require scheduling interventions to control overcapacity scheduling at busy airports. Previous research has shown that large delay reductions could be achieved through comparatively small changes in the schedule of flights. While existing approaches have focused on minimizing the overall impact across the airlines, this paper designs, optimizes, and assesses a novel approach for airport scheduling interventions that incorporates interairline equity objectives. It relies on a multilevel modeling architecture based on on-time performance (i.e., mitigating airport congestion), efficiency (i.e., meeting airline scheduling preferences), and equity (i.e., balancing scheduling adjustments fairly among the airlines) objectives, subject to scheduling and network connectivity constraints. Theoretical results show that, under some scheduling conditions, equity and efficiency can be jointly maximized. Computational results suggest that, under a wide range of current and hypothetical scheduling settings, ignoring interairline equity can lead to highly inequitable outcomes, but that our modeling approach achieves interairline equity at no, or small, losses in efficiency.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2017.0817 .
Hipertensão arterial no idoso saudável e no idoso frágil: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Costa Eduardo M. , Lourenço Roberto A.
Published: March 2018

Introdução: Sabe-se que, com o envelhecimento populacional, a prevalência de doenças crônicas, como a hipertensão arterial (HA), aumenta. Além disso, a fisiologia do envelhecimento e de comorbidades a ele associadas faz com que seja necessário rever pontos de corte para definição de hipertensão no idoso, principalmente nos mais frágeis. Objetivo: Descrever, por meio de uma revisão narrativa, as recomendações para o tratamento da HA no paciente idoso e, especialmente, no frágil. Métodos: revisão bibliográfica referente à HA no idoso, em bases de dados de pesquisa on-line. Resultados: Foram compiladas diretrizes nacionais, internacionais, além de artigos originais e de revisão sobre o assunto. Observou-se que não há um consenso quanto ao tratamento da HA, que este tratamento deve ser individualizado e que os efeitos colaterais das medicações precisam ser levados em consideração. Conclusão: Concluímos que os efeitos colaterais e interações entre drogas devem ser considerados na escolha da medicação. Entende-se que a hipotensão pode predispor a efeitos indesejados como quedas e sonolência, por estes motivos, tanto o nível de referência quanto o alvo a ser atingido são maiores do que na população mais jovem.Descritores: Hipertensão arterial; Idoso; Fragilidade.
Determinantes do envelhecimento bem-sucedido
Authors: Canêdo Ana Cristina , Lourenço Roberto A.
Published: March 2018

Introdução: Nas últimas décadas, a expectativa de vida tem aumentado de forma significativa em muitos países. Porém, para que esta transformação demográfica seja sustentável em termos econômicos, sociais e de saúde pública, é preciso que a longevidade ocorra paralelamente à preservação da saúde e funcionalidade. Sendo assim, a promoção do envelhecimento bem-sucedido tem sido tema de interesse crescente tanto no cenário das políticas públicas quanto nos estudos sobre envelhecimento humano. Objetivos: Discutir os fatores determinantes e preditores do envelhecimento bem-sucedido. Métodos: Revisão narrativa com busca de artigos nos bancos PubMed e SciElo utilizando os descritores: “envelhecimento bem-sucedido”, “envelhecimento saudável”, “determinantes do envelhecimento” e “preditores de envelhecimento”. Resultados e Discussão: Do ponto de vista fisiológico, o envelhecimento varia amplamente entre os indivíduos, sendo que algumas pessoas apresentam extensas alterações fisiológicas e outras apresentam poucas ou nenhuma. Parte desta variabilidade pode ser explicada pela heterogeneidade genética, porém estima-se que 25% seja determinado pela genética e 75% por fatores extrínsecos, como fatores ambientais, comportamentais, psicológicos inflamatórios, endócrinos e sociais. As variáveis com maior evidência de associação com envelhecimento bem-sucedido são idade, doenças articulares, audição, atividades de vida diária e tabagismo. Conclusões: A implementação de estratégias efetivas para a promoção do envelhecimento bem-sucedido exige que se desenvolva maior conhecimento sobre os seus fatores determinantes: tanto aqueles relacionados à taxa de declínio, quanto os fatores protetores para a manutenção da vitalidade e resiliência ao estresse.Descritores: Envelhecimento bem-sucedido; Envelhecimento saudável; Determinantes; Preditores.
O uso de testes de fluência verbal como ferramenta de rastreio cognitivo em idosos
Authors: Teldeschi Alina L. G. , Perez Mariangela , Sanchez Maria Angélica , Lourenço Roberto A.
Published: March 2018

Introdução: Instrumentos de avaliação capazes de identificar quadros demenciais são fundamentais na prática clínica e de pesquisa. O teste de fluência verbal é um instrumento de avaliação cognitiva breve que vem mostrando alto potencial. Objetivos: Verificar estudos publicados sobre desempenho de idosos com e sem comprometimento cognitivo em testes de fluência verbal (TFV). Métodos: Revisão narrativa em bases de dados eletrônicas de artigos originais e de revisão que utilizaram o teste de fluência verbal, categoria animais. Resultados e Discussão: Foram descritos estudos que investigaram o desempenho de idosos em TFV nas síndromes demenciais de maior prevalência. Na doença de Alzheimer, o desempenho no TFV está comprometido desde o início do curso da doença, sendo mais expressivo o prejuízo em testes de fluência verbal com critério semântico (TFVCS). Nas demências vasculares, o comprometimento em tarefas que demandam funções executivas, atenção e velocidade de processamento está associado ao pior desempenho em TFV com critério ortográfico. Na demência por corpos de Lewy (DCL), o desempenho nos TFV critério semântico é semelhante aos de indivíduos com DA e ao de indivíduos com doença de Parkinson (DP). Nos testes com critério ortográfico, o desempenho é semelhante ao de indivíduos com DP e inferior ao de indivíduos com DA. Conclusões: Os TFVs são sensíveis à presença de alterações cognitivas em idosos e, portanto, podem contribuir para a identificação de casos de demência em ambientes de escassez de recursos.Descritores: Demência; Testes neuropsicológicos; Idoso.
Energy Efficient and robust routing with RPAR Protocol in Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: Reginald Pullagura Joshua , Venkata Rao D
Published: March 2018

In ad hoc network, the topology of network changes frequently due to the mobile nature of nodes where the communication is possible without any fixed network infrastructure. Mobile nodes are battery operated and so energy efficient routing should be provided which increases the network life time. The existing routing mechanisms do not consider both hop count and energy of nodes for data transmission. In this paper we propose a routing mechanism where data transfer from source to destination is based on the minimum hop count and residual energy of mobile nodes. The proposed RPAR protocol shows better performance when compared to existing Energy power aware routing  protocol .The analysis is carried out by using network simulator (NS-2), the simulation results shows that the proposed routing mechanism provides energy efficient and reliable  routing in ad hoc networks.
Maple leaf shaped array antenna for multiband applications
Authors: Vasujadevi M , T P Madhav B , Shiva Skandan A , Rajeswari P , Arjun Rao K , Khyathi Reddy K , Vekateswara Rao M
Published: March 2018

This article presents design and analysis of maple leaf shaped array antenna for high gain applications. The proposed antenna is characterized and analyzed using ANSYS EM desktop 17. This antenna works at 2.17-2.54(S band),5.3-5.64, 6.91-7.80(C Band), 8.76-9.15(X band), 12.49-12.75, 14.78-16.65(Ku band). The bands of the proposed antenna has its applications at LTE 2.3 GHz, ISM 2.4 GHz, WLAN, ISM, Bluetooth at S-band and upper WLAN at C-band, Military applications and air traffic control at X-band. This single antenna dimensioned 21x18x1.6 mm³ is later arrayed in 1x4. This antenna has peak gain at 7.8dB and the average gain of 4.2dB. The proposed 1x4 array antenna is characterized and obtained return loss, gain, E field, current distribution and far field radiation patterns.
A comparative analysis of rectangular cut edge patch antenna on various substrate
Authors: Choudhury Sachidananda , Kalyani Veeranki , Sai Teja R , Sreenivasan P , K. Kotamraju Sarat , Ch. Sri Kavya K
Published: March 2018

An analysis of simple microstrip patch antenna has been designed which comprises of various dielectric substrates that is placed in between metallic patch and ground. Substrates used in this design Epoxy (FR4), Rogers duroid 6002 (tm) with various relative permittivity 2.94 and 2.2 and thickness of 3.2mm. Some applications for the designed frequency are wireless fidelity, WLAN application, Bluetooth. The proposed antenna is designed in HFSSV15 Software operating at 2.4 GHz frequency which renders return loss not more than -10dB. The purpose of this paper was analyzation and simulation for the designed antenna with various parameters like gain, peak gain, efficiency, return loss, band-width when the structure and substrate changes.
Optimization of biometric recognition using cuckoo search algorithm: a preliminary version for minutia based fingerprint identification
Authors: Thangamanimaran Dhileepan , Chandar M. Sharat , Chandia S.
Published: March 2018

Currently Behavioural Biometrics is the most widely used means of security.  Though Behavioural Biometrics is highly reliable and secure, the data handling process is quite complex. This Problem can be solved by optimizing the process using cuckoo search algorithm.This Paper seeks to optimize the process of fingerprint matching by using an optimal algorithm. The Minutiae in the form of a matrix is extracted from a fingerprint. The Matrix is then split into smaller matrices with increasing dimension and then compared. The matrix with least dimension it is matched. If the Match is true then the verification of next generation bigger matrix is done. If the Match tends to be false then the matrix is skipped and the process is continued for the next matrix in the database. The Process is repeated until accurate match is obtained.Though the time reduced by the optimization of the finger print matching algorithm is insignificant for a smaller data set such as finger print data, it can be a key factor when a larger set of Behavioural biometrics data is considered.
Optimal signal mapping scheme for MIMO-BICM-ID transmission over the different fading channel using whale algorithm
Authors: Nandal Vikas , Kumar Suresh
Published: March 2018

The designing of signal mapping scheme for bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) systems has been received significant interest among the researchers recently due to the growing interest of using Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system. The bit-interleaved coded modulation systems are need of effective design in constellation mapping with iterative decoding that outperformed the existing BICM coding in time varying characteristics of the channel. In this paper, the design of optimal constellation mapping of the BICM system with iterative decoding for MIMO channel is proposed. Based on minimizing cost, a design criterion is proposed to find the optimal constellation mapping for an MIMO-BICM-ID system.  Here, a cost function is designed to search an optimal mapping scheme using the well-known optimization algorithm called, whale algorithm.  Using this method, we find some optimal constellation mapping for 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional cases. The designed technique is evaluated with the help of BER curve for different fading channels.
Influence of demographic variables on job involvement of employees: a study in private banks in Tirupur
Authors: Kalpana G. , Dharmaraj A.
Published: March 2018

Job involvement is generally described as an attachment to one's job that exceeds normal levels of commitment (Bhatia, A., et. al). The employee can become involved with his job which affects the performance in other life role areas. “The degree to which an employee is engaged in and enthusiastic about performing their work is called Job Involvement”. Business managers are typically well aware that efforts to promote job involvement among staff tend to pay off substantially since employees will be more likely to assist in furthering their company's objectives. Job involvement is a degree to which an employee identifies with his job, actively participate in it, and consider his job performance important in his self-worth. It may be influenced by the level of one’s satisfaction of one’s need be their intrinsic or extrinsic. The objective of the study is to find out the level of job involvement of the bank employees and the factors influencing the job involvement of the bank employees. The findings of the study show that moderate level of job involvement has been found among the bank employees. The demographic factors namely age, gender, marital status, experience, salary do influence the level of job involvement of the bank employees.
Investigation of mechanical behaviour of natural composites (snake grass and elephant grass) with poly lactic acid
Authors: Thiruvasagam C. , Prabagaran S. , Suresh P.
Published: March 2018

The Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) is a completely biodegradable potential alternate of plastics applied in Civil infrastructural field because it posses very good “Ultimate Withstanding” properties. It can also be stated that hybrid fiber composite is having higher Mechanical and Physical characteristics compared with Mono fiber reinforced composite. Naturally existing Snake Grass (SG) and Elephant Grass (EG) reinforced PLA matrix fabrication is being narrated in this research article. By experimentation and analysis of results, it is proved that the Tensile strength, % Elongation, Flexural strength, Impact strength and Water absorption properties of SG & EG reinforced PLA composite is better than that of pure PLA Matrix.
Reducing distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks using client puzzle mechanism
Authors: Vasan Sai Krishna C. , Bhuvana Y. , Pavan Kumar P. , Murugan R.
Published: March 2018

In a typical DoS attack, the attacker tries to bring the server down. In this case, the attacker sends a lot of bogus queries to the server to consume its computing power and bandwidth. As the server’s bandwidth and computing power are always greater than attacker’s client machine, He seeks help from a group of connected computers. DDoS attack involves a lot of client machines which are hijacked by the attacker (together called as botnet). As the server handles all these requests sent by the attacker, all its resources get consumed and it cannot provide services. In this project, we are more concerned about reducing the computing power on the server side by giving the client a puzzle to solve. To prevent such attacks, we use client puzzle mechanism. In this mechanism, we introduce a client-side puzzle which demands the machine to perform tasks that require more resources (computation power). The client’s request is not directly sent to the server. Moreover, there will be an Intermediate Server to monitor all the requests that are being sent to the main server. Before the client’s request is sent to the server, it must solve a puzzle and send the answer. Intermediate Server is used to validate the answer and give access to the client or block the client from accessing the server.