bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a cellular structure observed in the compound eyes of Drosophila white; yata mutants and white mutants
Authors: Arimoto Eri , Kawashima Yutaro , Choi Taein , Unagami Mami , Akiyama Shintaro , Tomizawa Mizuki , Yano Hiroyuki , Suzuki Emiko , Sone Masaki
Published: December 2019

We previously identified the Drosophila yata mutant, which showed phenotypes including progressive vacuolization of the white-colored compound eye, progressive shrinkage of the brain and a shortened lifespan. The yata gene was shown to be involved in controlling intracellular trafficking of the APPL protein, which is an orthologue of APP that is a causative molecule of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we examined the phenotype of the compound eye of the yata mutant using electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. We found that abnormal cellular structures that seemed to originate from bleb-like structures and contained vesicles and organelles, such as multivesicular bodies and autophagosomes, were observed in aged white; yata mutants and aged white mutants. These structures were not observed in newly eclosed flies, and the presence of the structures was suppressed in flies grown under constant dark conditions after eclosion. The structures were not observed in newly eclosed red-eyed yata mutants or wild-type flies but were observed in very aged red-eyed wild-type flies. Thus, our data suggest that the observed structures are formed as a result of changes associated with exposure to light after eclosion in white mutants, white; yata mutants and aged flies.
The histone demethylase KDM5 controls developmental timing in Drosophila by promoting prothoracic gland endocycles
Authors: Drelon Coralie , Rogers Michael F. , Belalcazar Helen M. , Secombe Julie
Published: December 2019

In Drosophila, the larval prothoracic gland integrates nutritional status with developmental signals to regulate growth and maturation through the secretion of the steroid hormone ecdysone. While the nutritional signals and cellular pathways that regulate prothoracic gland function are relatively well studied, the transcriptional regulators that orchestrate the activity of this tissue remain less characterized. Here, we show that lysine demethylase 5 (KDM5) is essential for prothoracic gland function. Indeed, restoring kdm5 expression only in the prothoracic gland in an otherwise kdm5 null mutant animal is sufficient to rescue both the larval developmental delay and the pupal lethality caused by loss of KDM5. Our studies show that KDM5 functions by promoting the endoreplication of prothoracic gland cells, a process that increases ploidy and is rate limiting for the expression of ecdysone biosynthetic genes. Molecularly, we show that KDM5 activates the expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase torso, which then promotes polyploidization and growth through activation of the MAPK signaling pathway. Taken together, our studies provide key insights into the biological processes regulated by KDM5 and expand our understanding of the transcriptional regulators that coordinate animal development.
Wolpert's French Flag: what's the problem?
Authors: Sharpe James
Published: December 2019

Two phrases attributed to Lewis Wolpert – ‘positional information’ and ‘The French Flag Model’ – have become so intertwined that they are now used almost interchangeably. Here, I argue that this represents an unfortunate oversimplification of Wolpert's ideas that arose gradually in the developmental biology community, some significant time after his key papers were published. In contrast to common belief, Wolpert did not use the phrase French Flag ‘Model’ but instead introduced the French Flag ‘Problem’. This famous metaphor was not a proposal of how patterning works, but rather an abstraction of the question to be addressed. More specifically, the French flag metaphor was an attempt to de-couple the problem from the multiple possible models that could solve it. In this spirit, Wolpert's first article on this topic also proposed (in addition to the well-known gradient model) an alternative solution to the French Flag Problem that was self-organising and had no gradients, and in which each cell ‘cannot compute where it is in the system’, i.e. there is no positional information. I discuss the history and evolution of these terms, and how they influence the way we study patterning.
Photoperiod modulates the gut microbiome and aggressive behavior in Siberian hamsters
Authors: Ren Clarissa C. , Sylvia Kristyn E. , Munley Kathleen M. , Deyoe Jessica E. , Henderson Sarah G. , Vu Michael P. , Demas Gregory E.
Published: December 2019

Seasonally breeding animals undergo shifts in physiology and behavior in response to changes in photoperiod (day length). Interestingly, some species, such as Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus), are more aggressive during the short-day photoperiods (SDs) of the non-breeding season, despite gonadal regression. While our previous data suggest that Siberian hamsters employ a “seasonal switch” from gonadal to adrenal regulation of aggression during SDs, there is emerging evidence that the gut microbiome, an environment of symbiotic bacteria within the gastrointestinal tract, may also change seasonally and modulate social behaviors. The goal of this study was to compare seasonal shifts in the gut microbiome, circulating levels of adrenal dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and aggression in male and female Siberian hamsters. Hamsters were housed in either long-day (LD) or short-day (SD) photoperiods for 9 weeks. Fecal samples were collected and behaviors were recorded following 3, 6, and 9 weeks of housing, and circulating DHEA was measured at week 9. SD females that were responsive to changes in photoperiod (SD-R), but not SD-R males, displayed increased aggression following 9 weeks of treatment. SD-R males and females also exhibited distinct changes in the relative abundance of gut bacterial phyla and families, yet showed no change in circulating DHEA. The relative abundance of some bacterial families (e.g., Anaeroplasmataceae in females) was associated with aggression in SD-R, but not LD or SD non-responder (SD-NR) hamsters after 9 weeks of treatment. Collectively, this study provides insight into the complex role of the microbiome in regulating social behavior in seasonally breeding species.
Development-specific transcriptomic profiling suggests new mechanisms for anoxic survival in the ventricle of overwintering turtles
Authors: Fanter Cornelia E. , Lin Zhenguo , Keenan Sarah W. , Janzen Fredric J. , Mitchell Timothy S. , Warren Daniel E.
Published: December 2019

Oxygen deprivation swiftly damages tissues in most animals, yet some species show remarkable abilities to tolerate little or even no oxygen. Painted turtles exhibit a development-dependent tolerance that allows adults to survive anoxia ∼4x longer than hatchlings: adults survive ∼170 days and hatchlings survive ∼40 days at 3°C. We hypothesized this difference is related to development-dependent differences in ventricular gene expression. Using a comparative ontogenetic approach, we examined whole transcriptomic changes before, during, and five days after a 20-day bout of anoxic submergence at 3°C. Ontogeny accounted for more gene expression differences than treatment (anoxia or recovery): 1,175 vs. 237 genes, respectively. Of the 237 differences, 93 could confer protection against anoxia and reperfusion injury, 68 could be injurious, and 20 may be constitutively protective. Especially striking during anoxia was the expression pattern of all 76 annotated ribosomal protein (R-protein) mRNAs, which decreased in anoxia-tolerant adults, but increased in anoxia-sensitive hatchlings, suggesting adult-specific regulation of translational suppression. These genes, along with 60 others that decreased their levels in adults and either increased or remained unchanged in hatchlings, implicate antagonistic pleiotropy as a mechanism to resolve the long-standing question about why hatchling painted turtles overwinter in terrestrial nests, rather than emerge and overwinter in water during their first year. In sum, developmental differences in the transcriptome of the turtle ventricle revealed potentially protective mechanisms that contribute to extraordinary adult-specific anoxia tolerance, and provide a unique perspective on differences between the anoxia-induced molecular responses of anoxia-tolerant or anoxia-sensitive phenotypes within a species.
Sec translocon has an insertase-like function in addition to polypeptide conduction through the channel
Authors: Ito Koreaki , Shimokawa-Chiba Naomi , Chiba Shinobu
Published: December 2019

The Sec translocon provides a polypeptide-conducting channel, which is insulated from the hydrophobic lipidic environment of the membrane, for translocation of hydrophilic passenger polypeptides. Its lateral gate allows a downstream hydrophobic segment (stop-transfer sequence) to exit the channel laterally for integration into the lipid phase. We note that this channel model only partly accounts for the translocon function. The other essential role of translocon is to facilitate de novo insertion of the N-terminal topogenic segment of a substrate polypeptide into the membrane. Recent structural studies suggest that de novo insertion does not use the polypeptide-conducting channel; instead, it takes place directly at the lateral gate, which is prone to opening. We propose that the de novo insertion process, in concept, is similar to that of insertases (such as YidC in bacteria and EMC3 in eukaryotes), in which an intramembrane surface of the machinery provides the halfway point of insertion.
SNPector: SNP inspection tool for diagnosing gene pathogenicity and drug response in a naked sequence
Authors: Habib Peter T. , Alsamman Alsamman M. , Hassanein Sameh E. , Shereif Ghada A. , Hamwieh Aladdin
Published: December 2019

Due to the ability to diagnose diseases early and evaluate the effectiveness of medicinal drugs, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) identification receives significant interest. Detection and diagnosis of genetic variation through skill-less computational tools would help researchers reducing the severity of such health complications and improving well-tailored therapies using discovered and previously known information. We introduce SNPector, which is a standalone SNP inspection software, which can be used to diagnose gene pathogenicity and drug reaction in naked genomic sequences. It identifies and extracts gene-related SNPs, and reports their genomic position, associated phenotype disorder, associated diseases, linkage disequilibrium, in addition to various drug reaction information. SNPector detects and verifies the existence of an SNP in a given DNA sequence based on different clinically relevant SNP databases, such as NCBI ClinVar, AWESOME, and PharmGKB, and generates highly informative visualizations of the recovered information.
Investigation of Middle School Students’ Self-Regulation Skills and Vocabulary Learning Strategies in Foreign Language
Authors: Gorgoz Seda , Tican Canses
Published: December 2019

The purpose of the current study is to investigate middle school students’ self-regulation skills and vocabulary learning strategies in foreign language. The sampling of the current study consists of 990 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th grade middle school students attending state middle schools in the Mentese district of the city of Mugla, Turkey in school year 2018-2019. As the data collection tools, the Perceived Self-Regulation Scale and the Vocabulary Learning Strategies in Foreign Language Scale were used. In the analysis of the collected data, frequencies, percentages, independent-samples t-test and one-way variance analysis (ANOVA), Post-Hoc Tests (Tukey and Dunnett’s C) and correlation analysis were used. The findings of the present study have revealed that the middle school students’ self-regulation skills and vocabulary learning strategies in foreign language are over the medium value. The middle school students’ self-regulation skills and vocabulary learning strategies in foreign language were found to vary significantly depending on gender, grade level, father-mother attitude and level of interest in English course. A medium, positive and significant correlation was found between the middle school students’ total scores of self-regulation strategies and vocabulary learning strategies in foreign language.
Congenital intestinal malrotation presenting in octogenarians: a report of two cases
Authors: Neville JJ , Sharma E , al-Muzrakchi A , Sheth H
Published: December 2019

Malrotation is part of a spectrum of small and large bowel positional and fixational abnormalities caused by the failure of the fetal intestine to complete a 270-degree rotation around the superior mesenteric artery axis. Rarely, it presents in the adult as a cause of acute small bowel obstruction. Chronic symptoms of malrotation in adults are subtle, and include intermittent abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. We present two cases of malrotation in octogenarian men presenting acutely with small bowel obstruction. Both patients were treated with emergency surgery. In one case the chronic symptoms resolved postoperatively. Malrotation and midgut volvulus should be considered as a rare differential diagnosis for small bowel obstruction in adults. Suspicions should be increased when there is a history of recurrent presentations with similar symptoms.
Slow light with high normalized delay–bandwidth product in organic photonic crystal coupled-cavity waveguide
Authors: Wu Hong , Han Shengkang , Li Feng , Yang Zhihong
Published: December 2019

In this theoretical study, a photonic crystal coupled-cavity waveguide created on polymer substrate was demonstrated to provide high-performance slow light with low group-velocity dispersion and large normalized delay–bandwidth product. Combined with structural-parameter optimization, the normalized delay–bandwidth product was enhanced to a large value of 0.809, and the group-velocity dispersion was on the order of

10

4

(

p
s

2

/

k
m

)

. Furthermore, the optimized coupled-cavity waveguide had tunability capabilities by changing the external pump laser power. Importantly, while adjusting the slow light, the normalized delay–bandwidth product values remained above 0.8, which was necessary to maintain the performance of optical buffering devices.
Three-degrees-of-freedom measurement system for measuring straightness errors and their position based on the Faraday effect
Authors: Zhang Enzheng , Teng Xueying , Chen Benyong , Zhang Shihua , Li Zhaoyang
Published: December 2019

A three-degrees-of-freedom measurement system based on the Faraday effect is proposed for simultaneously measuring two-dimensional straightness errors and their position. Thanks to the Faraday effect of the Faraday rotator, the direction of a linearly polarized beam can be changed by 90° when the linearly polarized beam passes through the same Faraday rotator back and forth twice. A novel optical configuration is designed that can integrate the interferometry and position-sensitive detection technology ingeniously and put their advantages together. The measurement principle is described in detail. The influence of angle error of the semitransparent mirror on straightness measurement is discussed. To verify the feasibility of the proposed system, the experimental setup for measuring three degrees of freedom was constructed, and a series of experiments were carried out.
Phase-mismatch dependence of the four-wave mixing effect in semiconductor optical amplifiers
Authors: Kharraz O. M. , Connelly M. J. , Supa’at A. S. M. , Abas A. F. , Alresheedi M. T. , Mahdi M. A.
Published: December 2019

The phase-mismatch effect due to polarization-dependent mode confinement factor has been shown to be not a crucial problem in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) and is usually not accounted for. The phase-mismatch four-wave mixing (FWM) process in SOA devices is experimentally reported. The results reveal a sinc-like behavior in the intensity of FWM conjugate as a function of wavelength separation between transverse electric (TE)/transverse magnetic (TM) pumps due to induced confinement factors difference. Efficient FWM occurred for a detuning shift of about 500 GHz, limited by phase-mismatch conditions and determined by coherence length required for low and high frequencies to complete a full phase-match cycle. Phase-match FWM with an infinity coherence length can be fulfilled by proper alignments of co-polarized TE/TM modes of input waves with respect to the birefringent axes of the device structure.
LED irradiance pattern at short distances
Authors: Moreno Ivan
Published: December 2019

Many emerging light-emitting diode (LED) applications require short-distance illumination. For that, we derive an exact formula of the illumination profile produced by Lambertian LEDs, in which all parameters are fundamental constants. Moreover, we propose a general, simple, but accurate mathematical model of the irradiance pattern, valid for Lambertian and non-Lambertian LEDs at short distances. This model provides the irradiance profile as a function of both the LED-target distance and the coordinates of every point on the irradiated surface. The model is formulated in terms of simple sigmoid functions, in which LED size and light flux are fundamental parameters. The accuracy of the irradiance pattern model is tested both with theory and with experimental measurements.
Influence of dry etching on the properties of SiO2 and HfO2 single layers
Authors: Xie Lingyun , Liu Huasong , Zhao Jun , Jiao Hongfei , Zhang Jinlong , Wang Zhanshan , Cheng Xinbin
Published: December 2019

A comparative study was performed to investigate how etching methods and parameters affect the properties of

S
i
O

2

and

H
f
O

2

coatings.

S
i
O

2

and

H
f
O

2

single layers were prepared by electron-beam evaporation (EBE), ion-beam assisted deposition (IAD), and ion-beam sputtering (IBS). Then, ion-beam etching (IBE), reactive ion etching (RIE), and inductively coupled plasma etching (ICPE) were used to study the influence of ion bombardment energy and chemical reaction on the etching rates and properties of the prepared

S
i
O

2

and

H
f
O

2

single layers. For

S
i
O

2

coatings, chemical reaction plays a dominant role in determining the etching rates, so ICPE that has the strongest

C
H
F

3

plasma shows the highest etching rate. Moreover, all three etching methods have barely any influence on the properties of

S
i
O

2

coatings. For

H
f
O

2

coatings, the etching rates are more dependent on the ion bombardment energy, although the chemical reaction using

C
H
F

3

plasma also helps to increase the etching rates to some extent. To our surprise, the ion bombardment with energy as high as 900 V does not change the amorphous microstructure or crystalline states of prepared

H
f
O

2

coatings. However, the high-energy ion bombardment in IBE significantly increases the absorption of the

H
f
O

2

coatings prepared by all deposition techniques and decreases their laser damage resistance to different extents.
Optical constants and absorption properties of Te and TeO thin films in the 13-14 nm spectral range
Authors: Rodríguez-de Marcos Luis V. , Kalaiselvi Shenbaga M. P. , Leong Ong Bin , Das Pranab K. , Breese Mark B. H. , Rusydi Andrivo
Published: December 2019

Undesired mask-induced effects caused by thick absorber layers in EUV photomasks reduce the quality of the projected patterns at the wafer stage in EUV photolithography scanners. New materials with better absorption properties than the state-of-the-art absorbers, TaN and TaBN, are required to mitigate these effects. In this work, we investigated the optical properties (δ and k) of Te and TeO films in the 13-14 nm range, and the absorption properties of these two materials at 13.5 nm. δ and k are obtained through fitting experimental values of reflectivity versus angle of incidence in the EUV range. We follow a methodology which combines different characterization techniques (X-ray reflectivity, EUV reflectivity, and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy) to reduce the number of free parameters in models and hence, increase the reliability of the optical constants obtained. At 13.5 nm, we obtain δ=0.03120, k = 0.07338 for Te, and δ=0.04099, k = 0.06555 for TeO. To experimentally verify the absorption properties of these materials, different thicknesses of Te and TeO films are cast on top of a state-of-the-art mask-quality EUV multilayer with 66.7% reflectivity at 13.5 nm. We found that a reflectivity of ∼0.7% can be attained with either 32.4 nm of Te, or 34.7 nm of TeO, greatly surpassing the absorption properties of TaN and TaBN. The morphology and surface roughness of the Te and TeO films deposited on the multilayer are also investigated.
Graphene decorated twin-core fiber Michelson interferometer for all-optical phase shifter and switch
Authors: Chu Rang , Guan Chunying , Bo Yutao , Liu Jing , Shi Jinhui , Yang Jing , Ye Peng , Li Ping , Yang Jun , Yuan Libo
Published: December 2019

We investigated an all-optical phase shifter and switch based on a graphene decorated side-polished twin-core fiber (TCF) Michelson interferometer (MI). The MI was fabricated by tapering the splicing point between the TCF and single-mode fiber. The flat surface of exposed polished core in the TCF was coated with monolayer graphene. A 980 nm pump laser is used to produce a photothermal effect. The graphene’s ohmic heating changes the effective refractive index of the exposed core, resulting in the phase shift of the MI. The MI with a polished length of 5 mm has a significant modulation phase shift with a nearly linear slope of

0.0102

π

/

m
W

near the wavelength of 1550 nm and can obtain an extinction ratio of 7 dB for optical switching with a rise (fall) time of 55.8 ms (15.5 ms). The high-density integration and all-optical control enable the proposed device to have great potential in the miniaturization of optical devices and all-optical signal processing.
Phase shifting digital holography with the Hanbury Brown–Twiss approach
Authors: Chen Li , Singh Rakesh Kumar , Chen Ziyang , Pu Jixiong
Published: December 2019

We report a phase shifting holography for coherence waves in the Hanbury Brown and Twiss approach. This technique relies on the wave nature and interference of the coherence waves in the two-point intensity correlation. Experimentation is carried out by recovery of the complex coherence using phase shifting in the intensity correlation. As an application, imaging of the phase target obscured by a random scattering medium is demonstrated, and the results are presented for three different cases. These results are also compared with imaging of the targets in absence of the scattering medium by a conventional phase shifting digital holography.
The European Logistics Space: On Jean Monnet and the Integration of Europe
Authors: Frapporti Mattia
Published: December 2019

This article aims to investigate a different genealogical line of European integration. Through a partial use of the biography of Jean Monnet, I aim to expand the temporal borders of the path often outlined by European integration history, taking advantage of an analytical tool that is rarely used in this context: logistics. On the one hand, I propose to make the Schuman Declaration resonant with a broader “European past”. On the other hand, my aim is to show that some categories of the global present also pervade the process of continental integration. All in all, this path reveals that the latter process was originally developed to build what I call the “European Logistics Space”.
EU Trade and Regulation: Economic and Political Dynamics
Authors: Bongardt Annette
Published: December 2019

The EU’s new generation of deep and comprehensive free trade agreements not only promote EU trade but also have a bearing on the shape of the European model and in consequence on the sustainability of the integration project. They reach much further than conventional free trade agreements. Their benefits hinge on the abolition of non-tariff and regulatory barriers and enter into areas that are member state competences. Much depends on the agreements in question and similarity of preferences between trading partners. It is up to the EU, ultimately for the sake of the sustainability of its political integration project, to explicitly contemplate not only trade impacts but impacts on the Union’s economic model instead of letting rather than being pushed further down the road by unfolding trade dynamics. Keywords: Comprehensive free trade agreements; EU regulation and preferences; subsidiarity.
L’ecologisme dels pobles. “Poca gent et dirà que és ecologista, però fem com si ho fórem perquè ho hem viscut de sempre”
Authors: Requena i Mora Marina
Published: December 2019

Aquest article desafia el sentit comú que ens informa que el desenvolupament socioeconòmic, al llarg de la història, ha comportat una millor consciència medi ambiental, una visió comunament acceptada que ha rebut suport teòric de la tesi postmaterialista. A partir d’un estudi qualitatiu –portat a terme a pobles que envolten el Delta de l’Ebre i l’Albufera de València— l’anàlisi d’enquestes que tracten temes mediambiental i l’anàlisi de les petjades ecològica i material, demostrarem com aquesta manera postmaterialista d’entendre el medi ambient, aliena la conscienciació mediambiental de les pràctiques i estils de vida. I el que és encara més importat, aliena la consciència mediambiental del creixement econòmic. Les persones generen un impacte mediambiental major quan diuen estar més preocupades pel medi ambient. L’article assenyala que es fa necessari un canvi en les visions del medi ambient i proposa una representació alternativa amb bases materials que no explote els recursos naturals.
Las elecciones al parlamento andaluz de 2018 en Instagram: partidos políticos, periodismo profesional y memes
Authors: Carrasco-Polaino Rafael , Sáchez-de-la-Nieta Miguel-Ángel , Trelles-Villanueva Alicia
Published: December 2019

En un momento en el que las redes sociales tienen un importancia fundamental en la comunicación en todos los contextos y en el que las posibilidades de difusión de información ya no se encuentran en manos de las empresas informativas de forma concentrada, a través de una metodología cuantitativa la investigación analiza las estrategias de comunicación de los partidos políticos concurrentes a las elecciones de 2018 al Parlamento de Andalucía en Instagram así como el papel de los periodistas y de los medios de información en cuanto al engagement obtenido, demostrando que tan sólo el partido VOX desarrolló una estrategia planificada a nivel nacional y que los periodistas individuales logran mayor difusión y generan más engagement que las empresas informativas. Por otro lado, cualquier mensaje en formato meme obtiene más difusión que cualquier otro tipo de mensaje. La investigación presenta como limitación el marco temporal, ya que se centra en una única campaña electoral. Se espera que futuros trabajos analicen nuevas campañas electorales de forma que se puedan refrendar las conclusiones aquí presentadas.
La polarización mediática en el proceso de independencia en Cataluña. Estudio comparativo del tratamiento en RT
Authors: López-Olano Carlos , Fenoll Vicente
Published: December 2019

El procés catalán ha experimentado una intensa polarización mediática, tanto en medios tradicionales como en redes sociales, donde la corporación rusa RT ha sido acusada de apoyar al independentismo. Desde una perspectiva cuantitativa, realizamos un análisis comparado de la cobertura en Facebook del procés catalán en las corporaciones RT, BBC y DW. A pesar de la proximidad de RT con el independentismo, los resultados no revelan diferencias significativas entre los medios. Asimismo, las reacciones de los usuarios a las publicaciones en Facebook sugieren su simpatía por el independentismo.
The association between early childhood education of 3-5 year olds and maternal marital status in Mexico, 2010
Authors: Vargas Valle Eunice Danitza , Martínez Canizales Georgina
Published: December 2019

This paper examines the association between preschool enrolment of 3-5 year olds and maternal marital status in Mexico and determines how this association varies by maternal education and socioeconomic status. Based on microdata from the 2010 Mexican census, we used descriptive statistics and random-effect logistic models for this analysis. Children of single, separated or cohabiting mothers have lower preschool enrolment rates than children of married mothers. However, for children of highly-educated mothers, these disadvantages are slightly reduced, and reversed for children of divorced mothers, except for children of cohabiting mothers, whose lower preschool enrolment persist across social groups.
España y la Unión Soviética a finales de la Guerra Fría
Authors: Garrido Caballero María Magdalena
Published: December 2019

El presente trabajo revisa las relaciones entre España y la URSS desde 1977, año en el que se reanudan las relaciones diplomáticas hispano-soviéticas, hasta el final de la Guerra Fría. Si el restablecimiento de las relaciones diplomáticas permitió ampliar el marco de los acuerdos bilaterales suscritos en distintos campos entre ambos países, el ingreso de España, años después en la OTAN, y su permanencia tuvieron un impacto negativo en la Unión Soviética y así se reflejó desde la esfera política y la propaganda soviética. En 1985, la llegada de Gorbachov a la secretaría general del CC del PCUS implicó cambios en el interior de la URSS, con la puesta en marcha de la perestroika y una nueva política exterior, la novoe myslenie. Esta última se convirtió en protagonista de la propaganda desplegada por las delegaciones de las asociaciones de amistad hispano-soviética, presentes desde 1979 en España. Ello se debe a que hicieron de escaparate de la visión soviética de la política internacional. Sirvieron también para difundir mensajes en la línea de los movimientos sociales contrarios a la permanencia española en la OTAN y para concitar apoyo internacional al proceso de cambios que tuvo lugar en los compases finales de la guerra fría.
Contra el nuevo orden mundial. El comunismo español ante la posguerra fría
Authors: Treglia Emanuele
Published: December 2019

El presente estudio trata de ilustrar cómo el PCE abordó el escenario de la inmediata posguerra fría. Con tal propósito, analiza las actitudes adoptadas por los comunistas españoles, no solo respecto a la Perestroika y la crisis del sistema soviético, sino también a acontecimientos internacionales clave como la unificación alemana, la crisis del Golfo y el nacimiento de la Unión Europea. Se subraya cómo, bajo el liderazgo de Anguita, el PCE experimentó un viraje a la izquierda que le llevó a fundamentar su política en una lógica de neta contraposición al nuevo orden mundial, caracterizado este por la hegemonía estadounidense y la expansión del modelo neoliberal.
Los aspectos monetarios en el relato de Europa: 1948-1978
Authors: González Fernández Sara , Mascareñas Pérez-Iñigo Juan
Published: December 2019

El relato monetario europeo, desde el final de la Segunda Guerra Mundial hasta la puesta en marcha del Sistema Monetario Europeo y el ECU, se define mediante la paradoja de que los estados miembros de la CEE aspiraban a una mayor unión económica y, al mismo tiempo, se resistían a ceder soberanía en el terreno monetario. Los desajustes provocados por esta paradoja ponían en peligro la viabilidad del proyecto europeo. Con objeto de hacerles frente, el mundo privado impulsó la creación y utilización de “monedas-cesta”, como la European Monetary Unit o el “Eurco” que, paralelamente, servían para señalar al mundo político la necesidad de una moneda única europea. Todo ello en un contexto internacional en el que el dólar y sus problemas se trasladaban a las divisas de los estados de la CEE haciendo muy difícil mantener un equilibrio en el valor del comercio intracomunitario, lo que implicaba crisis monetarias continuas.
La Guerra Fría vista desde el siglo XXI. Novedades interpretativas
Authors: Lorenzo Cuesta José Antonio
Published: December 2019

En la bibliografía sobre la Guerra Fría publicada a partir del año 2000, los distintos autores que se reseñan en el presente ensayo, estudian el conflicto desde una perspectiva historiográfica y epistemológica novedosa. Lejos de estereotipos anteriores que definen esa confrontación como un enfrentamiento político y militar entre las dos superpotencias surgidas de las cenizas de la II Guerra Mundial, los Estados Unidos y la Unión Soviética, las interpretaciones más recientes consideran que estaba en juego el «alma de la humanidad», el modelo económico, social, cultural y político de dos sociedades muy distintas. Con este trabajo acerca de las nuevas interpretaciones del significado de la Guerra Fría, se pretende contrastar la visión particular e innovadora de los autores correspondientes con la de la mayoría de los estudios realizados sobre la temática antes del año 2000.
Acompañamiento y expresión de fe: cuidados fundamentales para la salud de adultas mayores autónomas
Authors: Rojas Espinoza Jessica Belen , García Hernández María de Lourdes , Cárdenas Becerril Lucila , Benhumea Jaramillo Liliana Inés , Arana Gómez Beatriz , Silveira Kempfer Silvana
Published: December 2019

Las mujeres mayores viven en situación de soledad, violencia, analfabetismo, pobreza y por consecuencia, su estado de salud se ve afectado.Objetivo: Distinguir los cuidados que necesitan las mujeres mayores autónomas, para favorecer su salud.Materiales y método: La investigación es mixta, se inicia con la valoración de las condiciones de salud de las mujeres mayores, mediante el empleo de la Escala de depresión geriátrica de Yesavage, Índice de Katz de independencia en las actividades de la vida y la Escala de recursos sociales (OARS); estas se aplicaron a una muestra de 177 mujeres, bajo criterio del investigador. Estos datos se analizaron a través del programa SPSS v22, obteniendo porcentajes y correlaciones. También se aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada a profundidad a 10 adultas mayores, utilizando la metodología fenomenológica; éstas se transcribieron, codificaron y agruparon en dimensiones considerando los contenidos centrales de cada unidad temática mediante el análisis de contenido. Resultados: El 93% de las mujeres mayores son independientes en todas sus ABVD, el 40.3% y el 37.0% cuentan con excelentes y buenos recursos sociales respectivamente y el 85.6% no tienen depresión. En los argumentos de las entrevistas se encontró que para las mujeres mayores, la salud es sinónimo de actividad e independencia, y emplean la fe y el acompañamiento como estrategias de afrontamiento y para sentirse aceptadas, evitar la soledad y mejorar su autoestima.Conclusiones: Las mujeres mayores requieren cuidados de enfermería que contemplen el acompañamiento y la expresión de su fe.
Estrés académico en estudiantes de Licenciatura en Enfermería
Authors: Silva Ramos María Fernanda , López Cocotle José Juan , Sánchez de la Cruz Omar , González Angulo Pedro
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de estrés y su relación con las variables sexo y semestre en estudiantes de Licenciatura en Enfermería.Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y correlacional en una muestra conformada por 180 estudiantes mismos que fueron seleccionadas mediante muestreo probabilístico aleatorio estratificado. Se utilizó una cédula de datos sociodemográ-ficos, así como el inventario SISCO. Para el análisis de los datos se empleó el programa SPSS versión 22, mediante frecuencias, proporciones, medidas de tendencia central y variabilidad, se utilizó también la prueba Chi-cuadrada. Este estudio se realizó conforme al Reglamento de la Ley General de Salud en Materia de Investigación para la Salud y la Norma Oficial Mexicana 012.Resultados: Los hallazgos muestran que los estudiantes presentan un nivel de estrés moderado (87.8%). No se encontró asociación significativa entre el nivel de estrés, semestre (p=.678) y sexo (p=.476).Conclusiones: Los estudiantes que cursan la Licenciatura en Enfermería presentan un nivel de estrés moderado debido a los diversos acontecimientos estresantes a los que se enfrentan durante su estancia académica. Asimismo, es importante enfatizar que el estrés provoca reacciones tanto físicas, psicológicas y comportamentales que tienen impacto en la salud de los estudiantes.
Стабильные изотопы углерода и азота в органическом матриксе раковин чужеродных моллюсков Viviparus viviparus (Linnaeus, 1758) Новосибирского водохранилища
Authors: Yanygina L. V. , Volgina D.D.
Published: December 2019

Анализ стабильных изотопов углерода и азота широко используется в экологических исследованиях для изучения структуры трофических сетей, оценки роли различных ресурсов в питании отдельных особей, определении трофического уровня консументов. Раковина у моллюсков постепенно формируется в течение всей жизни и отражает особенности питания особей в разном возрасте. Проведены исследования стабильных изотопов углерода и азота раковин чужеродных моллюсков Viviparus viviparus (Linnaeus, 1758), собранных в Новосибирском водохранилище. Отмечены статистически значимые различия изотопного состава фрагментов раковин, соответствующих годичному приросту разных лет. Высказано предположение о значимой роли межгодовых различий трофических условий в водохранилище в формировании изотопной подписи раковин моллюсков. Результаты работы могут быть использованы в экологических и палеолимнологических исследованиях питания моллюсков, при реконструкции долговременных изменений экологических условий водоемов.
Полиморфизм плодов популяций Trapa natans L. на территории Алтайского края
Authors: Chupina I.S. , Silantyeva M.M.
Published: December 2019

Приводятся результаты морфометрического анализа плодов Trapa natans c разных популяций Алтайского края. Оценен уровень полиморфизма плодов внутри и между популяциями. Дана оценка гидрологическим особенностям водоёмов как мест обитания водяного ореха.
DC Network Model Based on VSC-HVDC System
Authors: Alsseid Aleisawee , Emhemed Abdulrahman , Algitta Alhade
Published: December 2019

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">The recent <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-GB">developments<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"> in high power rated Voltage Source Converters (VSCs) and the control strategies have resulted in their successful application in HVDC transmission systems, which have become an attractive option for renewable energy applications or for distribution power in large metropolitan areas. A 153th order multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) small-signal model of DC network model based on VSC-HVDC system and controls is developed in state-space form within MATLAB. The optimum values of the controller gains are selected by analyzing the root locus of the analytical model. The developed small-signal detailed models are linearized and implemented in MATLAB. The validity and accuracy of the proposed models are verified against nonlinear PSCAD/ EMTDC and a summary of the model structure and controls is presented in detailed. Confirmation of the effectiveness of optimization gains is done by simulating the modelled system in MATLAB and PSCAD software. There simulation results performed with very good matching is confirmed in the time domain. It is the most detailed model currently available.
Pathogenetic factors of disorders in spermatogenesis and antioxidative activity of an ejaculate in young men with post pubertal visceral obesity and normal andrological anamnesis
Authors: Rozhivanov Roman V. , Bobkov Daniil N. , Kurbatov Dmitriy G.
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: Considering the negative influence of a visceral obesity on spermatogenesis, it is important to investigate its pathogenetic factors.
AIMS: To reveal the pathogenetic factors of disorders in spermatogenesis and antioxidative activity of an ejaculate in young men with post pubertal visceral obesity and normal andrological anamnesis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: 47 men under 30 years with post pubertal and nutritional visceral obesity have been included into one-stage research. The length of circle of waist, lipid blood spectrum, blood levels of glucose and insulin, antioxidant activity and electronic-microscopic analysis of an ejaculate have been examined. Differences were considered statistically significant with p 0,05.
RESULTS: The LDL and triglyceride levels in patients with disorders in spermatogenesis were significantly higher than considered in men with normozoospermia. Correlations between antioxidative activity of ejaculate and levels of LDL (n=47, r=-0,310; p=0,033), triglyceride (n=47, r=-0,366; p=0,011) and the number of normal spermatozoons in ejaculate (n=47, r=0,343;p=0,017) have been revealed.
CONCLUSIONS: The dyslipidemia in young men with post pubertal visceral obesity and normal andrological anamnesis can be considered as pathogenetic factors of disorders in spermatogenesis. Nevertheless the dyslipidemia can influence spermatogenesis through oxidative stress.
A look at new therapeutic opportunities in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Mishina Ekaterina E. , Mayorov Alexander Y. , Bogolyubova Apollinariya V. , Bogomolov Pavel O. , Matsievich Maria V. , Kokina Ksenia Y.
Published: December 2019

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide, and is considered to be the liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Currently, there is no etiotropic treatment of NAFLD, so an active research for new methods of treatment is underway. In the meantime, drugs are used to treat comorbid conditions, such as dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes, which are present in varying degrees in patients. This review considers medications that are used in patients with NAFLD and related concomitant features, and also describes new strategies for regressing changes in liver tissue in NAFLD. In our opinion, one of the promising groups of drugs are agonists of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR). FXR belongs to the group of nuclear receptors, which are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate the genes involved in metabolism. FXR agonists can claim to be a new promising drug for the treatment of NAFLD and related diseases influencing carbohydrate metabolism, fat metabolism, bile acid metabolism, as well as inflammatory processes in the liver to ensure metabolic homeostasis.
Corrección de textos escritos: estrategia didáctica y fundamento evaluativo para la lingüística
Authors: Gil José María
Published: December 2019

Este artículo es el resultado de una investigación teórico-práctica de las técnicas tradicionales de corrección. Se respalda en el análisis cualitativo del proceso de corrección de dos textos escritos por dos alumnos de 9 y 12 años de una escuela primaria pública de Mar del Plata, en Argentina. Los datos analizados y los resultados obtenidos son representativos y valiosos tanto para la didáctica de la lengua como para la lingüística teórica. Por un lado, el análisis cualitativo permite fundamentar un conjunto de criterios gracias a los que se les puede explicar a los estudiantes cómo mejorar sus producciones escritas. Por otro, el análisis de las técnicas de corrección permite dar cuenta de los aspectos que intervienen en la evaluación de un texto: la ortografía, la puntuación, la sintaxis, la conectividad entre oraciones, la coherencia global y aun la pertinencia y la creatividad. Resulta de interés que las pautas de corrección tradicionales contribuyan a dar cuenta de qué es y cómo funciona la evaluación, no solo para la didáctica de la lengua, sino también para la lingüística teórica.
Treibhausgasbilanz von Universitäten in Österreich: Methode und Ergebnisse der Bilanzierung und Strategien zur Reduktion der Treibhausgasemissionen
Authors: Getzinger Günter , Schmitz Dominik , Mohnke Sascha , Steinwender David , Lindenthal Thomas
Published: December 2019

Universitäten tragen als Kompetenzträgerinnen und Vorbilder eine besondere Verantwortung bei der Bekämpfung des Klimawandels ‐ und damit auch bei der Erfassung und Reduktion der eigenen Treibhausgasemissionen. Durch Erstellung einer Treibhausgasbilanz mit der von
der Allianz Nachhaltige Universitäten in Österreich entwickelten Methode Climcalc schaffen sich Universitäten einen genauen Einblick in jene Bereiche, in denen der Großteil ihrer Treibhausgasemissionen anfallen, können deren Entwicklung über die
Jahre beobachten und effektive Maßnahmen setzen, die auf eine CO2-neutrale Universität abzielen.
Stadtgrün wertschätzen! Städte können vom Ausbau der Grünflächen ökologisch, ökonomisch und sozial profitieren
Authors: Hirschfeld Jesko , Mohaupt Franziska , Müller Ria , Klein Miriam , Riousset Pauline , Welling Malte
Published: December 2019

Städtische Grünflächen erbringen vielfältige Leistungen für die Stadtbevölkerung: Sie bieten nicht nur Erholungsmöglichkeiten und verschönern das Stadtbild, sie kühlen auch das Stadtklima an Hitzetagen und tragen zum Wohlbefinden der Stadtbewohner(innen)
bei. Das Projekt Stadtgrün wertschätzen hat den Nutzen von Stadtgrün quantifiziert und ökonomisch bewertet, damit dieser bei stadtpolitischen Entscheidungen mehr Beachtung findet.
Digitalisierung und Nachhaltigkeit ‐ humanökologische Perspektiven
Authors: Tretter Felix , Simon Karl-Heinz , Reichel Christian , Schmaus Thomas , Serbser Wolfgang H. , Hofmann Klaus Markus , Bieling Claudia
Published: December 2019

Die aktuellen politischen Debatten sind geprägt von der Sorge um den Klimawandel (und damit: nachhaltige Entwicklung) und der Hoffnung auf die Digitalisierung. Es liegt daher nahe zu kombinieren: Kann eine ,,digitalisierte Nachhaltigkeit“ oder ,,nachhaltige Digitalisierung“
weiterhelfen?
Vývoj matematického vzdělávání v České republice po roce 1989
Authors: Robová Jarmila , Moravcová Vlasta
Published: December 2019

Výuka matematiky na základních i středních školách v České republice prošla za posledních třicet let výraznými změnami, které ovlivnily vzdělávání žáků a jejichž příčiny byly převážně vnějšího charakteru. Na přelomu 80. a 90. let minulého století u nás dochází k odklonu od množinového pojetí matematiky a s tím souvisejícímu následnému vydávání nových učebnic. Pro 90. léta je charakteristický pokles hodinové dotace výuky matematiky, změny v pojetí učiva (odklon od exaktních definic, snížení důrazu na používání symbolických zápisů či na zapamatování základních vztahů aj.). Ve vyučovacích metodách lze zaznamenat rostoucí příklon ke konstruktivismu, podporu projektového vyučování a masivní nástup digitálních technologií. Po roce 2000 výuku matematiky významně ovlivnily školské reformy, a to zejména zavedení rámcových, resp. školních vzdělávacích programů, zřízení státních maturit s výhledem na povinnou maturitu z matematiky na vybraných typech škol a zavedení jednotných přijímacích zkoušek na střední školy. Příspěvek se na základě kvalitativní analýzy zejména kurikulárních dokumentů, učebnic matematiky a studia odborné literatury zabývá nejen příčinami a následky uvedených změn v uplynulých letech, ale zamýšlí se rovněž nad současným stavem i vývojovými tendencemi.