bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Canine Lymphoma: A Brief Overview
Authors: Buele Pablo Andrés
Published: September 2022

Lymphomas are a type of cancer that mainly affects the immune system and the adjoining organs that make it up. Pathologies in animals are a very extensive branch within veterinary medicine. One of the most common diseases in dogs is lymphoma. Canine lymphomas can occur in different parts of the body, but the most common are metacentric. Lymphomas are usually visible, because in most cases, this cancer shows certain obvious symptoms, especially cutaneous ones, which are easier to identify, since they occur in the first immunological layer of the animal. Lymphomas can occur in any species of dog, but there are some cases that can mark or trigger the appearance of a lymphoma in a specific breed, usually in large breeds, but this is not completely certain when determining the cause apparent appearance of lymphoma. Currently, science has evolved on a large scale, which has allowed the expansion of treatments to control cancer. It should be noted that, in dogs, the treatments are much milder, compared to that of humans, but surprisingly it is much more effective if it is treated on time.
La Práctica Pre-profesional en la Psicología: Una Visión desde la Sociedad del Conocimiento y la Socioformación
Authors: Pérez-Vega Doris
Published: September 2022

En Latinoamérica, la práctica pre-profesional en psicología ha sido desarrollada como una actividad complementaria dentro del pensum académico. Consiste en la detección de los signos y síntomas que caracterizan una determinada alteración o patología, para la búsqueda de soluciones que permitan resolver aquellos problemas, dejando de lado el aspecto humano que incluye: contextos, relaciones interpersonales y los proyectos de vida. Por consiguiente la práctica pre-profesional debe articular el conocimiento teórico adquirido en base al análisis en los años de formación básica y especializada con un manejo clínico integral en individuos o grupos sociales en condiciones de vulnerabilidad. Existe una diversidad de condiciones que pudieran afectar la psiquis de los pacientes, requiriendo para su restablecimiento un trabajo bajo los lineamientos de la socio-formación a partir de la sociedad del conocimiento. Así se re direcciona el proceso de intervención en base a la colaboración, la transdisciplinariedad, el emprendimiento y los valores universales que son indispensables para alcanzar el bien común y el cuidado del medio ambiente
Cuero Tallado para una Marroquinería Utilizando Curtición Mixta Orgánica e Inorgánica
Authors: Yánez-Naranjo Johanna , Hidalgo-Almeida Luis Eduardo
Published: September 2022

Obtención de cuero tallado para marroquinería mediante una curtición mixta; orgánica e inorgánica. Se utilizaron 9 pieles bovinas (Bos indicus) Brahman, cortadas a la mitad (18 bandas), distribuidas en 3 tratamientos, 6 repeticiones y modeladas con diseño completamente al azar, realizado en una curtiembre. Se utilizó la prueba de Kruskal Wallis para el análisis estadístico de comprobación de la resistencia a la tensión, elongación, frote en seco y temperatura de encogimiento, las pruebas se realizaron en el Laboratorio de Curtiembre de la Facultad de Ciencias Pecuarias. Se realizaron ensayos sensoriales de tacto, efecto tallado, llenura y blandura, efectuadas por un juez. El tratamiento con mimosa al 14%, registro mayor resistencia a la tensión (1142,48 N/cm2), mejor porcentaje de elongación (68,75 %), y lastometría (10,10 mm). La valoración de las calificaciones sensoriales determinó las puntuaciones más elevadas en el tratamiento con mimosa al 16 %, el efecto de tallado 4,67 y la redondez 4,5 puntos, alcanzando así, calificaciones de excelencia según la Asociación Española en la Industria del Cuero: Normas Técnicas del cuero y calzado 2a. ed. Barcelona, concluyendo que estos dos tratamientos resultaron ser los más adecuados. El costo de producción de las pieles osciló entre 0,94 a 1,03 ctvs./pie2, el cual resulta ser competitivo. Se aprecia que la relación beneficio costo, fue mayor en el tratamiento con 16% de mimosa, alcanzando un valor de 1,41, es decir que por cada dólar invertido, hay utilidad de 41 centavos. Debido a que posee altos estándares de calidad sensorial y resistencia de las pieles y al no existir diferencias estadísticas, recomendamos utilizar dicho tratamiento. Y se afirma que las pieles sometidas a este tratamiento presentan calidad uniforme
Desarrollo Social Sostenible: Una Breve Reflexión desde Tres Puntos Diferentes
Authors: Males-Villegas María Soledad
Published: September 2022

El desarrollo social sostenible como objeto de estudio, puede analizarse desde varias ópticas y se pueden encontrar varios aspectos a considerar. Por ello, el propósito de esta reflexión fue analizar brevemente el concepto del desarrollo social sostenible y proponer aplicaciones prácticas que conjugan el modelo educativo con la filosofía del desarrollo sostenible, como concepto importante dentro de la socioformación en el proyecto formativo de: “Psicología del Desarrollo del Niño y del Adolescente”. Este análisis se sustentó en tres puntos diferentes: desde el discurso de sus promotores, desde una visión prospectiva y desde el enfoque socioformativo. Dicho análisis llevó a la conclusión de que el enfoque socioformativo propone el emprendimiento de proyectos para el desarrollo social sostenible y es aplicable para el proyecto formativo en cuestión
Repercusiones en la Salud Mental de los Estudiantes de Tercero de Bachillerato: Un Caso de Estudio
Authors: Buele Pablo Andrés , Avilés-Castillo Fátima , Buele Jorge
Published: September 2022

La pandemia de la COVID-19 ha cambiado la forma de vida en la mayoría de países del mundo y el Ecuador no es la excepción. Ha pasado poco más de un año, donde se han impuesto medidas de bioseguridad obligatoria, distanciamiento social, confinamiento domiciliario y otras restricciones focalizadas en base a una semaforización. Sin embargo, algunos sectores vitales para el progreso del país, no han podido reactivarse en su totalidad. La situación con respecto a la educación en el país es un tanto preocupante, ya que no existen las garantías suficientes que corroboren una adecuada adquisición de conocimiento de los estudiantes. Tampoco se ha considerado el estado de la salud mental, quienes podrían estar presentando problemas psicológicos, que no se aprecian a simple vista. El equilibrio en las emociones, garantiza el desarrollo personal y social de la persona, como lo indica la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Por ello el presente estudio de caso está enfocado en mostrar y analizar las consecuencias en la salud mental a las que están sometidos los estudiantes del Tercero de Bachillerato General Unificado de una unidad educativa de la ciudad de Ambato, Ecuador, durante su instrucción telemática en la pandemia de la COVID-19. Donde se ha determinado que la mayoría de estudiantes analizados presentaron emociones desfavorables como la tristeza, ansiedad, estrés, desilusión y miedo. Es así que mediante el uso de una herramienta con un enfoque cuantitativa (encuesta) se identificó la presencia de alteraciones en la salud mental de los mismos.
PERKEMBANGAN PERILAKU ANAK DALAM LINGKUNGAN KELUARGA DI KELURAHAN WARMASEN WAISAI KOTA KABUPATEN RAJA AMPAT
Authors: Watak Skivo Reiner , Mambrasar Ariance Trivena
Published: September 2022

Pengaruh Lingkungan keluarga sangat besar dalam perkembangan seorang anak, terutama dalam pembentukan perilaku. Dalam observasi awal penulis menemukan bahwa di Kelurahan Warmasen ada sebagian keluarga yang mengalami  permasalahan yang berdampak pada perubahan perkembangan perilaku anak yang tadinya baik menjadi buruk. Hal ini yang mendorong penulis untuk meneliti tentang hal ini. Dengan adanya permasalahan tersebut, maka  penulis  merasa yang penting untuk melakukan penelitian di Kelurahan Warmasen, untuk mengetahui apa saja yang menjadi dampak bagi perkembangan perilaku anak di dalam keluarga. Dengan menggunakan penelitian kualitatif, yang dimana metode ini dilakukan dengan cara penulis melakukan penelitian secara langsung dengan turun lapangan untuk mengambil data kepada objek yang diteliti. Teknik pengambilan data dengan observasi dan Wawancara. Dalam penelitian ini terdapat populasi sebanyak 261 KK, dengan jumlah L+P sebanyak 572 orang. Sedangkan untuk sampelnya sebanyak 30 orang termasuk didalam adalah hasil observasi dari penulis. Hasil yang didapatkan di tempat penelitian yaitu, Dalam lingkungan keluarga ada orangtua yang mendidik anak mereka dengan baik tetapi juga ada keluarga yang tidak memperhatikan anak-anak mereka dengan baik. Sehingga mengakibatkan perubahan perilaku anak yang tadinya baik menjadi buruk. Oleh sebab itu sebagai orangtua harus menunjukkan sikap dan teladan yang baik didepan anak, karena teladan orangtua dapat menjadi pengaruh besar dalam pertumbuhan anak baik di dalam keluarga, Gereja dan Masyarakat
Paralytic Ileus- A Rare but Serious Side-effect of Oral Capecitabine
Authors: Roy Rahul , Sarkar Subhadip
Published: September 2022

Paralytic ileus is a condition where the intestine becomes paralysed in the absence of any mechanical obstruction. The common causes are intra-abdominal surgery, severe metabolic problems and drugs. Many anticancer drugs and targeted therapy drugs are important causes of this toxicity. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are essential because if prolonged and untreated it can lead to death in the same way as in acute mechanical obstruction. Capecitabine is an orally administered prodrug of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) routinely used in breast and colorectal cancer. Paralytic ileus is a rare but recognised serious side-effect of oral capecitabine. Here, we present a case of 53-year-old male patient who was a postoperative case of colon cancer and was treated by adjuvant capecitabine based chemotherapy and subsequently developed capecitabine induced paralytic ileus. He was managed successfully by standard conservative measures avoiding unnecessary laparotomy.
Morphological Evaluation of the Thyroid Lobes and Isthmus in Asymptomatic Indian Young Adults using Ultrasonography: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Aggarwal Nikhil , Pankaj Arvind Kumar , Sehgal Garima , Verma Rakesh Kumar , Parihar Anit , Manik Punita , Chhaya Pragya
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Studies on morphological variations of the thyroid gland have been published from various parts of the world. Awareness of these variations becomes critical for diagnosing pathologies involving the gland and for surgeons dealing with head and neck surgery. Aim: To observe and document asymmetry in thyroid morphology using ultrasonography (visual inspection followed by size estimation) in asymptomatic subjects. Materials and Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study, which included 100 volunteer first year students (50 males and 50 females), who attended classes from April 2019-March 2020 in the Department of Anatomy, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Ultrasonography of the thyroid gland was performed and the image showing the thyroid isthmus along with both the lobes at their greatest depth and width was captured. The thickness of isthmus was also observed at this stage. Any visual asymmetry observed was noted; thereafter, in these subjects displaying asymmetry on close examination, the maximal width (mediolateral), maximal depth (anteroposterior), and greatest length (craniocaudal) of each lobe was taken. The statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. The values were represented in number (%) and mean±Standard Deviation (SD). Results: During sonographic assessment of the thyroid gland, visual asymmetry was observed on the coronal scan images in 24 out of 100 individuals (14 females and 10 males). These 24 cases were subjected to assessment of actual size measurements on ultrasound. In 23 of these subjects (13 females, 10 males), this asymmetry on close examination was correctly validated during measurements. However, in 1 female subject, the apparent asymmetry of lobe visualised via the transverse scan, did not translate into a difference in measurements, i.e., both the lobes measured almost similar. An asymmetry in thickness of isthmus was also uniquely observed in 10 subjects (8 females and 2 males). Conclusion: Visual assessment of thyroid lobes using ultrasonographic examination revealed asymmetry in lobe size, which was congruent with the measurement of dimensions of the lobes and also asymmetric isthmus thickness was seen. Hence, ultrasonographic examination proved to be a useful tool in routine diagnosis and treatment planning procedures.
Analysing Growth and Instability of Indian Yogurt Market: A Global Comparative Approach
Authors: Singh Ramandeep , Sharma Rajesh
Published: September 2022

Fermented products were the first processed food consumed by humans, mainly for their longer shelf life, safety, and organoleptic qualities. Yogurt is one of the best-fermented products having the highest bioavailable cobalamin. In India, yogurt is an emerging value-added product with a CAGR of 10.20 percent and stands second after China. This paper evaluates the Comparison of the CAGR of India and Global in terms of revenue per capita, Price, and Volume of sale of yogurt. India is doing good than the global in yogurt. The CAGR of Revenue per capita, price, and volume of yogurt in India are 9.1 percent, 6.6 percent, and 3.4 percent, respectively. The Indian yogurt market shows low instability than the global market. This persuades many foreign giants to capture the growing Indian market of yogurt.
Effect of Computer-assisted Instruction in Agricultural Science: A Focus on Colleges of Education Students in Ghana
Authors: Menka Collins Agyei , Osei-Mensuoh Bismark
Published: September 2022

This study examined how computer-assisted instruction (CAI) affected how agricultural science was taught and learned in colleges of education. From the Ashanti and Western North regions of Ghana, two colleges of education were chosen using a purposeful selection technique. 350 pre-service teachers from the chosen colleges made up the study's population. Scores from the pre-and post-tests for the pupils were submitted to a quasi-experimental design. While the students in the control group were taught the same concepts using the traditional method, the students in the experimental group learned agricultural concepts through computer-assisted instruction (CAI). The traditional mode of instruction included lectures, group discussions, and question and answer sessions. The study's results demonstrated that pre-service teachers who received CAI performed better than their counterparts who received traditional classroom teaching. Recommendations about the necessity of creating pertinent CAI packages for teaching agriculture in Ghanaian colleges of education were made based on the research findings.
Investigating the Influence of Leadership Styles on Teachers’ Job Satisfaction in the Tanzanian Context
Authors: Witike Juliano S. , Habi Raphael
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of head teachers’ leadership styles on teachers’ job satisfaction in public secondary schools. The study used a descriptive survey design based on mixed research approach. Both purposive and random sampling techniques were used in selecting 10 head of schools and 80 teachers respectively. The primary data were collected using questionnaires and interview guidelines. Collected data were descriptively analysed to generate frequencies and percentages. The study findings demonstrate that using a democratic leadership style by heads of schools improves teachers’ job satisfaction. Despite the fact that heads of school leadership seemed to be a very important factor in teachers’ job satisfaction in the schools but it was concluded that they need to have leadership skills to increase teachers’ job satisfaction.
The Study of Sectional Anatomy of Sheep and Human Brain by Various Staining Methods
Authors: Ramadoss Mukilan , Jessica S. Angelie , Kavimani M. , Prabhu K. , Ramesh P.
Published: September 2022

Five different staining methods were done on the sheep brain compared and the best method was employed to stain the human brain, Alstons  staining method is found to be  the best among the five staining method, which shows excellent differentiation of grey and white matter. Alston’s method has low shrinkage percentage and the time taken for this procedure is around 8 hrs 30 min. When compared with the unstained section with the stained section show pronounced grey matter. Learning neuroanatomy with wet brain section is difficult in unstained brain specimens, with the induction of staining method in the nueroanatomical structures will be helpful in differentiating the grey and white matter of brain. With the coronal and axial sections in this study various macroscopic neuroanatomical structures can be studied easily.
The Role of Financial Incentives on Employees’ Performance in Tanzania: A Case of Iringa Municipal Council
Authors: Mfikwa Suzana John , Kisawike Blandina , Golyama Bahati
Published: September 2022

Employee motivation and reward are common concepts that are widely practised in many organisations. Among such rewards are financial incentives, rewards given to employees as part of an organization’s strategies to boost performance and motivation.  While the role of financial incentives on employee performance has widely been investigated in many organisations, not as much research has been done on the same in Tanzania. The present study assessed the role of financial incentives on employees' performance at Iringa Municipal Council in Tanzania. The study employed a quantitative research approach and a randomly selected sample size of 339 employees out of a total population of 2,215 employees at the Council. The collected research data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics like multiple linear regression. The findings revealed a positive but insignificant contribution of financial incentives on employees’ performance in Iringa Municipal Council. For instance, financial incentives contributed to about 52% of the variations in employee performance (β = .529), but the contribution was statistically insignificant (p = .127). This demonstrates that there could be other factors that drive employee performance at Iringa Municipal Council, and different approaches are required to enhance the employee’s performance. The study recommends that further studies should focus on assessing the contribution of incentives to employees’ performance in other types of local government, such as rural and district councils, as well as central government institutions.
Readiness of Vietnamese High Schools for Digital Transformation and Its Influencing Factors: A Quantitative Study
Authors: Nguyen Xuan-An , Luong Dinh-Hai , Le Thi-Phuong-Thuy , Hoang Thi-Diep , Tran Thu-Giang
Published: September 2022

Digital transformation has become a widespread phenomenon worldwide and profoundly affects the existence and development of different socio-economic organisations toward a comprehensive digital society in the near future. High schools must also implement digital transformation as a comprehensive change of schools to a state where all activities are applied to digital technologies to improve performance efficiency and educational quality. That change is not only a change in technology in its operations but, more importantly, a change in the staff behaviour. However, for these changes to be achieved as expected, a factor considered "antecedent" is the readiness of school members to overcome resistance originally arising from an organisational change requirement. Therefore, this study investigates the status of readiness of Vietnamese high schools for digital transformation from the point of view of high school teachers, who play the role of one of the key factors based on Weiner's theory of organisational readiness for change (2009). Participants are teachers currently teaching at high schools in Vietnam. The study sample was selected using the convenience sampling technique. The data collection period was from July 19 to August 18, 2022. The final dataset consisted of 87 records used for analysis. Characteristics such as gender, working area, training level, and working seniority of high school teachers and the two elements of Change valence and Information assessment are considered to have a correlation with the readiness of high schools. The descriptive statistical analysis results show that the readiness for digital transformation in Vietnamese general education institutions is at a positive level (mean = 3.74). The study results show that only the Change valence factor was determined to have a statistically significant correlation with the readiness of high schools for digital transformation. These results will be useful evidence for teachers, researchers in education and organisational development, and school administrators to implement digital transformation in education.
The Existence of Periodic Solutions for a Two-Enterprise Interaction Model with Delays
Authors: Feng Chunhua , Pogue Orjul
Published: September 2022

Various enterprise interaction models with or without time delays appeared in the literature. The stability and Hopf bifurcation for one or two delays in the models were studied by many researchers. However, the periodic oscillation for a four time delays enterprise interaction model is still an open problem due to the complexity of the bifurcating equation. In this paper, by means of the mathematical analysis method, some sufficient conditions to guarantee the existence of periodic oscillatory solution for the four time delays model are obtained. An open problem is solved. Computer simulation is given to demonstrate the present results.
Phenotypic Characterization of Fungal Pathogens Associated with the Main Mycoses of Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.)
Authors: Domedjui Komi Lucien , Etse Kodjo Djidjolé , Gbogbo Koffi Apeti , Kpemoua Kossi Essotina , Tedihou Ekanao , Pitekelabou Rassimwaï , Bodjona Tchaou B. P. I. , Lare N’pagyendou , Palanga Essowè , Akpagana Koffi
Published: September 2022

Aims: To study the diversity of fungal pathogens associated with cashew mycoses in Togo.

Study Design: This research project was initiated by the Mycology Research and Applications Unit of the Botany and Plant Ecology Laboratory (LBEV) in order to have adequate information on cashew mycoses in Togo.

Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Botany and Plant Ecology (LBEV) of the University of Lome (UL) and of Crop Protection and Biosafety Laboratory of Togolese Institute of Agronomic Research (ITRA), February to August 2020.

Methodology: A total of 148 symptomatic samples (leaves, buds, inflorescences, nuts, and apples) were collected from cashew trees in the East Mono prefecture of Togo. Malt-agar medium supplemented with chloramphenicol at 0.5 g/l was used for the isolation of fungal pathogens. The characterization of these fungal pathogens was carried out from the 7th day based on their macroscopic (texture, color, diameter of growth) and microscopic (hypha, spore, fruiting body) characters.

Results: This study revealed the presence of five mycoses in cashew orchards in the East Mono prefecture. These are leaf anthracnose, bud’s dieback, black rust, leaf yellowing, and powdery mildew. In total, 12 fungal genera were encountered and 14 species of fungal pathogens were identified on all the samples collected: Rhizopus sp., Penicillium sp., Mucor sp., Sporotrichum sp., Fusarium nivale, Fusarium moliniforme, Fusarium moliniforme var. subglutinans, Curvularia lunata, Curvularia geneculata, Alternaria tenuissima,  Alternaria brassicisola, Beltrania rhombica Penz., Thielavia coactilis Nicot, Helminthosporium avenae, Helminthosporium siccans, Phoma eupyrena, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger.

Conclusion: It would be of great interest to train cashew producers in the East Mono prefecture on the recognition of the symptoms of these mycoses and their management.
Analysis of Roadkill Rates from a Trial of a Virtual Fence for Reducing Wombat Road Mortalities. Are Severely Under-Powered Studies Worth the Effort?
Authors: Candy Steven G. , Englefield Bruce
Published: September 2022

Aims: Evaluation of the effectiveness of methods of roadkill mitigation requires field experiments and thus experimental designs. We evaluated such a published experiment that used a virtual road-fence (VF) system to attempt to reduce roadkill of bare-nosed wombats (Vombatus ursinus) and draw general conclusions on the ability of the implemented design, given overall mean rates of roadkill, to detect a substantial reduction of 50%.

Study Design: The study site consisted of contiguous fenced and unfenced road sections that were each monitored for road kill for 995 and 322 days pre- and post-installation, respectively. The study design was an unreplicated BACI (Before-After-Control-Impact) design.

Methodology: No statistical analysis of the roadkill data were carried out in the original study. We used a Poisson/log-link Generalized Linear Model fit to their BACI data as a single 2x2 table of counts and define a single interaction parameter as a function of control-adjusted rate reduction due to the VF. This parameter can also be defined as the logarithm of the ratio of odds of a random kill in the fenced section occurring in the post-installation period to the corresponding odds for the unfenced section. A null hypothesis of no effect of the VF corresponds to a log odds-ratio of zero. We use simulation to show that estimates of this parameter have close to a Gaussian distribution and from this derive an estimate of the statistical power of the design to detect a hypothetical effect of a 50% reduction in rate. We also used simulation to estimate the corresponding power to detect this reduction if the BACI had been physically replicated three times.

Results: The estimated log odds-ratio and the corresponding percent reduction inferred for the VF were -0.02 (SE=0.53) and 1.8%, respectively, and the statistical power of the design to detect a hypothetical effect of a 50% reduction in rate was only .35 but gave an improved power of .7 under the hypothetical replication.

Conclusion: Our results showed that there was very low confidence in this design combined with similar overall roadkill rates being able to detect a 50% reduction. This increased to medium-to-high confidence if the experiment had been replicated in three locations. The very small point estimate of reduction could have been so low compared to a true but modest effect purely by chance, thus our conclusion is that there is very low confidence in any estimate of the VF’s effect obtained using this study’s design in the context of common roadkill rates.
Assessment of Infection Control Practices in Bolan Medical Complex and Sandeman Provincial Hospital of Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan
Authors: Nargus Shumaila
Published: September 2022

Pakistan has a double burden of disease, with more than 40% of the population suffering from infectious diseases. Therefore, in order to lower the risk of dangerous, avoidable infections among patients and healthcare staff, effective hospital infection control programmes are crucial from both an economic and a therapeutic standpoint. The goal of the study was to locate any gaps in current infection control and preventive procedures. The two teaching hospitals Bolan Medical Complex and Sandeman Provincial Hospital in Quetta were the sites of this cross-sectional investigation. In the SAMPLE, 161 people participated. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0 was used to analyse the data, which was gathered via data sheets and questionnaires. The findings revealed that the Infection Control Committee (ICC) member's view of health-associated infections (HAIs) was ultimately determined to be inconsequential (P=0.6), and their perception that the staff education level may be a contributing factor was also shown to be unimportant (P=0.1). The operation theatre, labour room, lab and blood bank, OPD, and wards at BMC were evaluated in reference to the steps taken there for infection control and prevention, and the results were observed 30, 25, 15, 14, and 15 accordingly. It was shown that the primary reason for the poor results was the negative perception of the ICC towards infection control and prevention. Therefore, it is necessary to alter how ICC is seen.
System of Biological Approaches to Interpret Seed Dormancy and Germination
Authors: Choudhury Anish , Bordolui Sanjoy Kumar
Published: September 2022

Seed dormancy prevents an intact, viable seed from successfully germinating under ideal circumstances. In order for germination to occur when conditions are likely to be favourable for forming a new plant generation, this barrier to germination has developed differently among species through adaptation to the local environment. Although there is still a gap between biochemistry and morphogenesis, it is being bridged in many places slowly and methodically. This study attempts to evaluate the improvements made at a particular bridge, seed dormancy. One element of the phenomena of growth cessation is seed dormancy, which has as its central challenge the challenge of maintaining a growth potential without compromising biological integrity. It can be divided into primary and secondary dormancy. Due to endogenous causes and/or environmental conditions experienced by the mother plant, primary dormancy is developed during seed development. Non-dormant seeds can also enter a state of secondary dormancy, which is a form of dormancy that happens when germination conditions are unfavourable. This review will help in briefing the difference between dormant condition and quiescent condition of seed. Quiescence can be considered as a short period of dormancy. But, unlike dormancy, quiescence is reversible upon the return of suitable conditions. Numerous physical and physiological techniques, like as scarification and stratification, can be used to break the dormant state of seeds. Various dormancy breaking methods applied in several crop has been noted in this study. Roles of several plant hormones including Gibberellin (GA) and Abscisic acids (ABA) are regarded as the two main hormones that regulate seed development and germination in an antagonistic manner. This study focuses in particular on the molecular basis of ABA regulation of seed maturation, which includes regulation of dormancy. Various dormancy breaking methods applied in several crop mentioned in this review could also help researcher to further study the dormancy pattern and breaking of it on that particular crop.
Productivity of Irrigated Groundnut as Influenced by Potassium and Sulphur Nutrition in Sandy Clay Loam Soil
Authors: Naveenkumar S. , Ravikumar C. , Immanuel R. Rex , Senthilvalavan P. , Manivannan R.
Published: September 2022

Field experiments were conducted during the Kharif and rabi season of 2021 in the farmer’s field of Perampattu Village, Tirupattur Taluk & District, TN, India to study the effect of K and S management in groundnut. The soil of the experiment field belongs to sandy clay loam, available nitrogen (133.4 kg ha-1), phosphorus (16.8 kg ha-1), potassium (113.1 kg ha-1), and sulfur (4.80 mg kg-1), respectively. The experiments were laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with eight treatments viz., T1-Control, T2–RDF (Blanket Recommendation as 25:50:75 kg NPK ha-1), T3- RDF + Add 0.25% of K through MOP (Foliar Application), T4– RDF + Add 0.5% of K through MOP (Foliar Application), T5– RDF + Add 0.25% of K through SOP (Foliar Application), T6– RDF + Add 0.5% of K through SOP (Foliar Application), T7– RDF + Add 0.25% of K through KNO3 (Foliar Application), T8– RDF + Add 0.5% of K through KNO3 (Foliar Application) and replicated thrice. Higher yield of groundnut in Kharif & rabi 3103 Kg ha-1 & 2895 Kg ha-1, respectively, and percent of yield increase in T4 was 3.9 and 5.63 over other treatments and also maximum gross income, net income, and benefit-cost ratio were obtained in RDF + Add 0.5% of K through MOP (T4) applied treatment in both seasons. The lowest gross income, net income, and benefit-cost ratio were achieved in T1.
Isolation of Wine Yeast from Sugar Rich Sources
Authors: Singh Balveer , Chakarborty Ivi
Published: September 2022

A total of 21 yeasts was isolated from different sugar rich sources (date palm, pomegranate, roselle, orange, grapes and dry date palm juice) collected from different locations in West Bengal, India. All isolated yeasts were identified and differentiated based on their colony morphology and growth pattern in Yeast Extract- Peptone -Dextrose (YEPD) Agar medium. The isolates could continue to survive on the slants for up to a maximum of 6 months at 8-10°C temperature without any contamination. However, these were maintained by transferring to YEPD agar slants every four months to maintain the purity and maximum viability of cultures. Fermentation was carried out at 26±1°C temperature at total soluble solid 24oBrix and pH 4.70 in molasses medium for all different isolated yeast. The total soluble solid at the end of fermentation in molasses solution was found in the range of 9.00-20.78oBrix in all isolated yeast. The pH of the substrate was decreased (0.10-1.12) during fermentation. The cell count after complete fermentation was found in the range of 3.60×108 cfu/ml to 8.79×108 cfu/ml for all the isolated yeast. The concentration of alcohol in the molasses was observed a range from 4.21 to 13.61%. After screening or checking out the efficiency of yeasts on the basis of the highest alcohol production in molasses media, five yeasts (Y4, Y101, Y33, Y102, and Y7) were selected for wine fermentation out of 24 (new isolates 21, previous isolations Y4, Y7 and Y33) at the end of 18 days fermentation.
Study of Genetic Diversity in Greengram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) Germplasm in Prayagraj Region
Authors: Varma Vallala Chanukya , Lal Gaibriyal M. , Kumar Dongala Manoj , Shakeer Shaik
Published: September 2022

The present study consists of 41 Greengram genotypes including one Check variety used to study the nature and magnitude of genetic divergence using Mahalanobsi’s D2 statistics. The data for 13 quantitative characters recorded from the genotypes raised in Randomized Block Design having three replications at Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, SHUATS, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India during Kharif-2021. 13 quantitative characters viz., Days to 50% flowering, Days to 50% pod setting, Days to maturity, Number of clusters per plant, Number of primary branches, Plant height (cm), Number of pods per plant, pod length (cm), Biological yield per plant (g), Number of seeds per pod, Harvest index (%), Seed yield per plant(g), Seed index to estimate the variability, heritability, genetic advance, genetic diversity among yield. SML-668 (14.96 g) has the highest Seed yield followed by IPM-205-7 (13.48 g), IPM-410-03913.21 g) showed the higher yield over the SM-20-29 (Check). Maximum (GCV), (PCV), Heritability was recorded for Number of primary branches. High Heritability coupled with high Genetic advance was recorded for Plant height (cm). Divergence analysis followed by Mahalanobis [1] D2 analysis has revealed the presence of a substantial amount of diversity among the genotypes. Clusters I contain 19 genotypes followed by Clusters II contain 18 genotypes while Clusters III, IV, V, VI are mono genotypic. The maximum inter-cluster distance was observed between Cluster IV and VI (290.82) followed by Cluster IV and V (238.70). Thus, genotypes present in these clusters suggest that the genetic architecture of the genotypes in one cluster differ from another cluster which provides a broad spectrum of variability in segregation and may be used as parents in the future hybridization programme to develop desirable genotypes.
Estimation of Genetic Variability, Direct and Indirect Effects of Yield Contributing Characters on Grain Yield of Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Germplasm
Authors: Fathima Mohamad Bebi , Lavanya G. Roopa
Published: September 2022

A study was carried out using 24 upland rice genotypes grown in randomized block design with three replications to estimate genetic variability, correlation and path coefficient analysis. Based on the mean performance, of high grain yield per hill, the genotype SHUATS UPR-13 followed by SHUATS UPR-11 were identified to be superior. High phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation were observed for grain yield per hill, biological yield per hill and number of panicles per hill. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for grain yield per hill, biological yield per hill, number of panicles per hill, number of tillers per hill indicating that genotypic variation present in the genetic material studied is probably due to additive genetic variance, which can be effectively exploited in crop improvement programme. The traits biological yield per hill, number of tillers per hill, number of panicles per hill, plant height, harvest index were found to have positive significant association with grain yield per hill at both genotypic and phenotypic level. Hence, selection of these traits shall help in selecting the genotypes with high grain yield per hill. Number of tillers per hill, panicle length, biological yield per hill, harvest index had positively direct effect on grain yield per hill at both genotypic and phenotypic level. Therefore, effective selection must be attempted for these traits which would help in the improvement of grain yield in rice genotypes suitable for different environments.
Impact of Grafting Techniques on Success Rate, Survival and Growth of Different Adenium (Adenium obesum) Scions under Prayagraj Agro-climatic Conditions
Authors: Roy Kaustav , Fatmi Urfi
Published: September 2022

This work was carried out for 5 months from February, 2022 to June, 2022 in shadenet house, Department of Horticulture, SHUATS, Prayagraj. The experiment was designed according to a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (FCRD), using five different adenium hybrids and three different types of grafting techniques. The experiment was replicated three times. The different hybrids used in the experiment were Masai, Cream of My Body, Tangerine, Super Moon, Golden Jublee and grafting techniques were wedge, cleft, flat. The results obtained showed that the hybrid Golden Jublee with flat grafting was found superior in terms of days taken to 1st sprout, sprouting percentage, number of sprouts and survival percentage while hybrid Cream of My Body with flat grafting was found superior in terms of  number of leaves, shoot length and stem girth. Therefore, Golden Jublee and Cream of My Body are suitable for propagation through flat grafting under agro-climatic conditions of Prayagraj.
The Use of Crop Residues and High Activity Clays for the Management of Sandy Soils for Rice Production in Sokoto, North-Western Nigeria
Authors: Sharif R. M. , Noma S. S. , Sanda A. R. , Yakubu A. I. , Aliyu U. , Lukman S. A.
Published: September 2022

A field experiment was carried out to assess the effects of various crop residues (rice husk, rice straw, groundnut husk, and millet husk as well as high activity clay (HAC) on some soil properties, growth and yield parameters of rice (Oryza sativa L). Sixteen treatment combinations, replicated thrice, were applied at the rates of 5 tha-1 and 10 tha-1 each for rice husk, rice straw, millet husk, groundnut husks and high activity clay. Results obtained from the field trial as presented in this paper, showed significant effect of some of the treatments on soil chemical parameters especially organic Carbon, available P and exchangeable K. Similarly, soil physical parameter such as texturally was also significantly influenced by the treatments. The texture of the soil, which was initially loamy sand before the incorporation of the amendments, was altered to new textural classes in all the treatments after the experiment. The treatments had significant effects on all the growth parameters except for plant height at four (4) weeks after transplanting. The treatments also had significant effects on all the yield parameters of the test crop (rice).
Influence of Organic Manures and Inorganic Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) cv. TMOH-2366
Authors: Lalrindiki C. , Deepanshu . , Prasad V. M. , Bahadur Vijay
Published: September 2022

The study was planned to see the influence of different organic manures and inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of okra which comprised the combination of organic manures (FYM, neem cake, vermicompost) and inorganic fertilizers (viz., Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium). The experiment was laid out in RBD with 9 treatments with 3 replications. Treatments involved were T0 – 100% RDF + 20 t/ha FYM, T1 – 100% RDF + 10t vermicompost, T2 – 100% RDF + 2t neem cake, T3 –75% RDF + 25% FYM, T4 – 75% RDF + 25% vermicompost, T5 – 50% RDF + 50% neem cake, T6 –50% RDF + 50% FYM, T7 – 50% RDF + 50% vermicompost, T8 – 50% RDF +50% neem cake. The results revealed that T1 (100% through RDF + 10t vermicompost) performed the best in term in days to germination (9.20 DAS), days to emergence (19.87 DAS), days to 50% flowering (49.20 DAS), plant height (75.03 cm), days to first harvest (56 DAS), number of fruits per plant (10), fruit length for marketability (10.71 cm), average fruit weight for 10 capsule (109 g), fruit yield per plant (194.93 g), fruit yield per hectare (116.96 q/ha), total soluble solids (5.80° Brix), ascorbic acid (18.54 mg/100 g), fruit colour (138.33) and B:C ratio (2.81). Therefore, the treatment T1 (100% through RDF + 10t vermicompost) is the best when compared to all other treatments. As the highest benefit cost ratio, net return and gross return was observed in T1 (100% RDF + 10t vermicompost) i.e., (2.81), Rs. 226422 and Rs. 350880 which states that it is economically profitable compared to all other treatments.
Biometrical Approach for the Selection of Elite Crosses Combination in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Kumar Bijendra , Kumar Sarvendra , Singh Som Veer
Published: September 2022

This experiment has been conducted based on the biometrical technique (half diallel) suitable for making possible combination with different genotypes based on their sowing pattern like timely sown, late sown, timely sown with irrigated and late sown with rainfed condition with genotypes for present investigation comprised of forty five F1s developed by crossing 10 lines viz., DBW187, K1601, HD2967, HD3249, DBW321, K1317 K0307, HI 1563, DBW107 and HD3059 following half diallel mating design. The cross combination HD2967X K0307 and K0307X K1601 with the cross HD2967X K0307 with positive and significant values was in the order of merit for grain yield per plant.
Effect of Varieties and Spacing on Vegetative Growth and Root Yield of Safed Musli (Chlorophytum borivilianum)
Authors: Ram D. , Saini Pradip Kumar
Published: September 2022

The experiment entitled “Effect of varieties and spacing on vegetative growth and root yield of safed musli (Chlorophytum borivilianum)” was carried out to find out the suitable variety with optimum spacing 2018-19 and 2019-20 which was designed in factorial RBD with two varieties and three spacing levels. The trials were sown in two years i.e. on 02-07-2018 and 31-05-2019. The present investigation has been carried out at the main experiment station, Department of Horticulture at Medicinal and Aromatic Plant, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India. The data has been recorded in the following parameters, like leaf length, leaf width, number of tillers/hill, length and diameter of fingers, number of fingers per plant, fresh root yield, and dry root yield. It is effective against male sexual disorders such as erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, and infertility and is used as a health tonic.
Epidemiological and Clinical Study of Vertigo in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Hannan M. A. , Barman Kanuj Kumar , Begum Ayesha , Ahmed Anis , Malik Sayeda Shabnam , Sarker Imran , Hossain Shahadat , Haque Md. Azizul , Jannat Maftahul , Saleheen Shafiqus , Huq Muhammad Rezeul
Published: September 2022

Aims: Vertigo is an abnormal perception of the movement of the environment or self and may result from diseases of the labyrinth, vestibular nerve or its central connections, vertebrobasilar insufficiency, and anxiety disorder. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of vertigo patients.
Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was done at the Neurology outpatient department (OPD) of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) from September 2013 to August 2015. All the patients presenting with vertigo were evaluated by history, clinical examinations, Dix-Hallpike test, and appropriate investigations.
Results: Total patients were 164 (male 57.3%) with a mean age of 44.45±14.46years. Half of them were in the 36-56 years age group. 58.5% of patients came from urban areas and 41.5% from rural areas. Nearly two-fifths (37.2%) suffered from benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), 20.7% had anxiety disorder, 14.6% Meniere’s disease, 11% migraine, and 6.1% had a transient ischaemic attack (TIA). Two-fifths had precipitating factors. Vertigo was associated with restlessness and palpitation (18.29%), headache (15.85%), vomiting (14.02%), insomnia (12.19%), tinnitus (10.98%), diplopia (6.09%), slurred speech (5.1%), and deafness (4.9%). Common comorbidities were hypertension (HTN) (15.2%), diabetes mellitus (DM) (5.5%) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) (0.6%). Hallpike test was positive in 37.8% of patients; among them, 87.1% were improved by the Epley’s maneuver.
Conclusion: Our present epidemiological study suggests that vertigo is a symptom for which there are several causative factors. BPPV was the commonest cause in our patients. Vertigo patients often have associated symptoms and other comorbidities.
The Role of Netrin-1 and Interleukin-6 in Diabetic Nephropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Salem Hoda Halim , Lashin Faiza , El Hai Dina Abd , Selim Amal
Published: September 2022

Background: Netrin-1 is a laminin like protein highly induced after acute and chronic kidney injury, represent tubular damage and excreted in urine of both animals and humans. Netrin-1 is a potential biomarker predicting the development of diabetic kidney disease. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an inflammatory cytokine that has a role in the transformation from acute to chronic inflammation. The aim of this work was to evaluate the role of Netrin-1 and IL-6 in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: Our study included 75 patients with T2DM and 25 healthy control group. The study duration started from October 2019 to January 2021. Participants were subdivided into four equal groups: group I: 25 healthy subjects as control group, group II: 25 diabetic patients with albumin/creatinine ratio < 30 mg/g, group III: 25 diabetic patients with albumin/creatinine ratio 30-300 mg/g, group IV: 25 diabetic patients with albumin/creatinine ratio > 300 mg/g. All subjects underwent complete clinical examination, laboratory investigations and measurement of serum Netrin-1 and IL-6 by ELISA.

Results: Nertin-1 was significantly higher in group III and group IV than group II and control group (P<0.001*). Netrin-1 was positively correlated with IL-6, fasting BG, 2HPP, HbA1C, B. urea, S. creatinine and urinary ACR, but it was negatively correlated with eGFR, Hb and S. albumin. IL-6 was significantly higher in group IV than group III, group II and control group (p<0.001*). There was a positive correlation between IL-6 and 2HPP, HbA1C, B. urea, S. creatinine and urinary ACR, but there was a negative correlation between IL-6 and eGFR, Hb and S. albumin. Netrin-1 was more sensitive 96.5% and more specific 99.8% than IL-6 sensitivity 83.3% and specificity 85.0%.

Conclusions: Netrin-1 and IL-6 were significantly higher in diabetic nephropathy patients with macroalbuminuria than other groups. Netrin-1 was more sensitive and specific than IL-6 in predicting DN and its progression.