bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Models for Estimating the Hearing Threshold of Quarry Workers at High Frequencies
Authors: Akanbi O.G. , Oriolowo K.T. , Oladejo K.A. , Abu R. , Mogbojuri A.O. , Ogunlana R.
Published: May 2021

It is widely known that quarry industry has great importance in developing countries, such as Nigeria. There is paucity of information regarding effects of noise experienced by quarry workers during their working time. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of age of workers, years of exposure of workers and noise level of the machine used in quarry on hearing threshold. A factorial design of experiment was employed for the investigation. Two hundred and four quarry workers volunteered for this study from four quarries in South western Nigeria. Emitted noise, which quarry workers were exposed to during machinery operation, was measured with a digital sound level meter and workers hearing threshold was measured in an audiogram sound proofing testing booth at standard conditions. Predicted models were established from experimental design to determine main and interactions effects towards the response (hearing threshold). These were statistically analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). All terms of the models were significant at p<0.05. The best fitted model was at 4kHz (R2 = 0.639, p<0.05). The magnitudes of the main effect of the factors are in ascending order of noise level >years of exposure>age. The analysis of the experimental response indicated that there is no interaction of any factors on the hearing threshold. It can be concluded that age, years of exposure and noise level have main effects at various capacities at different frequency to predict the hearing threshold of the quarry workers. This work determined the factors and the predicted model to spell out safe hearing threshold of quarry workers that fitted for the job at a particular noisy workstation as well as ensuring comfortable, safe and effective workstation design.
Pengembangan Ketrampilan dengan Pelatihan Memasak Aneka Hidangan Ikan Guramekepada Kelompok Ekstra Kurikuler Tata Boga Siswa SMA Permai Pluit Jakarta
Authors: Yuliantoro Nonot
Published: May 2021

Skill Development with Cooking Training for Guramek Fish Dishes to the Extra-Curricular Group of Food Catering Students at Permai Pluit High School Jakarta. Cooking is an art to process raw materials into a ready eat the dish with proper cooking methods. To be able to cook well and properly, people need training the right way. Pelita Harapan School of Hospitality and Tourism carry out community service cooking training activities aimed at the cooking club at Permai Senior High School Pluit Jakarta. The purpose of this community service is to share cooking skill and knowledge with the member of the cooking club at Permai High School Pluit Jakarta since they need assistance to improve their cooking and food presentation skill. A pre-test was conducted before the training to find out the basic skill and knowledge of cooking especially gurame fish; the ending of community service activities was carried out in the post-test to determine the effectiveness of the gurame cooking training that had done. Cooking training activities to the member of the cooking class Permai High School Students has a positive influence because the cooking club member became more skillfully and understand in processing gurame into various Nusantara Recipes.
Meningkatkan Kompentensi Pengelola Wisata Desa melalui Penyuluhan Pelayanan Prima
Authors: Hermawan Hary
Published: May 2021

Increasing Competency of Village Tourism Managers through Counseling Prime Services. Customer satisfaction is the key to winning business competition today, including the tourism business. But in the field, there are still many tourism people who still ignore this at this time. A phenomenon that is often encountered is cheating in business, attracting prices too high to achieve big profits in a short time.  Therefore, it is very important to do counselling on how to manage good tourism services with a 5-dimensional approach to excellent service, especially for prospective tourism destinations that will develop.  To find out the effectiveness of this program, a descriptive analysis has been carried out. The test results indicate there is an understanding of participants about excellent service after counselling.
Hospitality Training Bagi Para Pengelola Homestay di Desa Liang Ndara Kabupaten Manggarai Barat
Authors: Berybe Gregorius A , Hanggu Elisabet Oktaviani , Welalangi Maria Br
Published: May 2021

Hospitality Training for Homestay Managers in Liang Ndara Village, West Manggarai Regency. This community service activity aims to increase the capacity of the Human Resources (HR) manager of the homestay in Liang Ndara Village, West Manggarai Regency. This service activity includes training related to sanitation and hygiene, food and beverage products, public speaking, and English language training. The method used in this activity is an educational method, which includes socialization, training, and assistance as a means of transferring knowledge and education for empowering homestay managers in Liang Ndara Village. This activity resulted in rapid progress for homestay managers, especially an understanding of sanitation and hygiene, food and beverage products, public speaking, and English. Homestay managers are ready to apply the knowledge they have gained to improve the quality of service at the homestay
OPTIMIZATION OF MOLECULAR DETECTION FOR Vibrio cholerae and PATHOGENIC Escherichia coli USING MULTIPLEX PCR
Authors: Waturangi Diana Elizabeth , Petrus Jason , Kosasih Rico , Roseline Felicia
Published: May 2021

Vibrio cholerae and pathogenic Escherichia coli were considered as main causative agent foodborne diseases especially in many developing countries, such as Indonesia. Thereby, rapid detection of these pathogenic bacteria is necessary to treat food-borne related diseases causing by these bacteria. In this case, multiplex PCR allows multiple genes amplification in one reaction thereby enable to perform rapid detection of these pathogenic bacteria. The objective of this study is to optimize uniplex and multiples PCR of V. cholerae and pathogenic E. coli detection and determine the sensitivity and specificity of this assays. We used various virulence genes for each pathogenic bacterium as markers for uniplex and multiplex PCR detection. Based on this research, the optimum results of V. cholerae and pathogenic E. coli were obtained with a primer concentration of 16 µM for ctxA and ompU, 30 µM for ace, and 50 µM for zot, and toxR; 2 µM for elt and 5 µM for stx, respectively. Finally, based on the standardization method by ISO/TS 20836 these assays had 0% false positive, 0% false negative, 100% specificity, and 100% sensitivity; 0% false positive, 4% false negative, 100% specificity, and 96% sensitivity for V. cholerae and pathogenic E. coli respectively. The optimized method was qualified to be used as a molecular detection for V. cholerae as well as EHEC and ETEC detection according to ISO/TS 20836 (2017)  from drinking water samples.
Suspect Spheres, Not Enumerated Powers: A Guide for Leaving the Lamppost
Authors: Primus Richard , Hills Jr Roderick
Published: May 2021

Despite longstanding orthodoxy, the Constitution’s enumeration of congressional powers does virtually nothing to limit federal lawmaking. That’s not because of some bizarrely persistent judicial failure to read the Constitution correctly. It’s because the enumeration of congressional powers is not a well-designed technology for limiting federal legislation. Rather than trying to make the enumeration do work that it will not do, decisionmakers should find better ways of thinking about what lawmaking should be done locally rather than nationally. This Article suggests such a rubric, one that asks not whether Congress has permission to do a certain thing but whether a certain kind of lawmaking is more prone to pathology at the national or the state level. That inquiry could identify “suspect spheres”: areas of policymaking where federal law calls for more justification than elsewhere. Federal legislation within suspect spheres would not necessarily be subject to judicial invalidation, but the judgment that legislation falls within a suspect sphere could underwrite softer forms of judicial resistance to nationalization. We illustrate the suspect-spheres model with a principle of federalism we call the corporate nondelegation doctrine, by which federal delegations of power to private corporations are to be treated skeptically. Early on, that principle animated Madison’s opposition to the Bank of the United States and much of the Jacksonian approach to federalism. It later underwrote the Supreme Court’s decision in Schechter Poultry. In the current century, the idea that the corporate nondelegation doctrine defines a suspect sphere helps explain otherwise puzzling judicial behaviors in federalism cases, including the presumption against preemption and the resistance to the individual mandate of the Affordable Care Act. By illustrating the possibility of a suspect-sphere approach, we suggest a tool that might be useful at a time of destructively polarized national politics, when rubrics for allocating some polarizing issue spaces to state-level decisionmakers might help lower the national temperature.
AÇÕES DE VIGILÂNCIA EM SAÚDE NO CURSO DA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19, EM SOBRAL-CE
Authors: Mendonça Escócio Francisca Leite , Ferreira Francisco Valdicélio , Carneiro Flôr Sandra Maria , Rocha Amanda Albuquerque , Ribeiro Suely Torquato , Silva Marcelo Vieira da
Published: May 2021

A crise sanitária provocada pela pandemia de Covid-19 evidenciou as desigualdades sociais no âmbito da saúde em geral e realçou a relevância da Vigilância em Saúde em medidas de controle da disseminação de doenças, requerendo a redefinição das estratégias planejadas e a incorporação de novas ações. Este artigo objetiva descrever as ações realizadas pelas Células que compõem a Coordenadoria de Vigilância em Saúde da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Sobral, Ceará, para o enfrentamento da Covid-19. Trata-se de um relato de experiência com a descrição analítica das ações desenvolvidas pelas gerências das Células da Vigilância Epidemiológica, da Unidade de Vigilância de Zoonoses, da Vigilância Sanitária, da Vigilância em Saúde Ambiental, da Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional e do Centro de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador. As ações descritas conferem maior visibilidade à relevância das várias faces da vigilância em saúde diante da gestão, do setor regulado e da população. Todas as ações e respostas ressignificaram a gestão local, propondo uma articulação de políticas intersetoriais voltadas à melhoria da qualidade de vida das pessoas. Essa vivência mostrou a importância do trabalho colaborativo, indo além do fazer específico de cada Célula, fortalecendo as intra e intersetorialidades, em consonância com a Lei n.º 8.080/90. Conclui-se que essa experiência evidencia a importância do trabalho e fortalecimento da Coordenadoria de Vigilância em Saúde da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Sobral-CE, centrada nas abordagens humana e comunitária.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA ASSISTÊNCIA FARMACÊUTICA NO ENFRENTAMENTO À COVID-19 EM SOBRAL, CEARÁ
Authors: Ponte Neto Estevam Ferreira da , Rodrigues Ponte Tereza Doralúcia , Aragão Delano De Sousa , Martins Pedro Henrique
Published: May 2021

Este estudo relata as contribuições da Coordenadoria da Assistência Farmacêutica no enfrentamento da Covid-19 no município de Sobral, Ceará. Trata-se de um relato de experiência compreendendo as ações executadas no período de março a outubro de 2020, sob o olhar de profissionais que vivenciaram o processo junto à rede de serviços de referência para a Covid-19, vinculados à Secretaria Municipal da Saúde. No cenário da pandemia de Covid-19, a assistência farmacêutica despontou com um importante papel, assegurando as ações programadas com vistas à integralidade e universalidade do cuidado e atendendo às necessidades advindas da nova situação epidemiológica, a exemplo da retaguarda aos hospitais de campanha e apoio central nos processos logísticos para toda a rede de serviços de saúde, requerendo o estabelecimento da remodelagem de fluxos e processos de trabalho, considerando sempre o direito universal à saúde, os princípios norteadores do Sistema Único de Saúde e as diretrizes para uma segurança à assistência farmacêutica.
GESTÃO COLABORATIVA E INTEGRADA: O ENFRENTAMENTO DA COVID-19 EM SOBRAL, CEARÁ
Authors: Ferreira Gomes Ivo , Carvalho da Silva Regina Célia
Published: May 2021

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PESQUISA EM TEMPOS DE COVID-19: ESTRATÉGIA PARA O PLANEJAMENTO EM SAÚDE
Authors: De Araújo Dias Maria Socorro , Soares Ferreira Verena Emmanuelle , Lopes Farias Rogeriany , Chagas da Silva Lielma Carla , Linhares Aragão Heliandra , Costa Porto Rafaela
Published: May 2021

A produção científica se constitui como uma ferramenta estratégica para responder a vazios de conhecimento relacionados à pandemia do novo coronavírus. Nesse sentido, este estudo objetiva descrever duas pesquisas que colaboraram com subsídios para a indução de decisões em saúde no curso da pandemia de Covid-19. Trata-se de estudo exploratório descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado em Sobral-CE, de junho a agosto de 2020, período no qual o município foi cenário de investigação para duas pesquisas: “Evolução e Prevalência de infecção por Covid-19 no Brasil” e “Pesquisa de soroprevalência da Covid-19 em Sobral-CE”. Ambas contaram com o forte apoio da gestão municipal, do planejamento à execução. Realça-se que o acompanhamento sistemático permitiu que, já no curso do desenvolvimento, as informações coletadas fossem submetidas ao núcleo gestor da Secretaria da Saúde de Sobral para apoiar e/ou redirecionar tomadas de decisões, particularmente no que concerne às intervenções epidemiológicas e sanitárias. A experiência realça a relevância da ciência na produção de evidência e na indução da tomada de decisão em saúde.
Susceptibilidad antibiotica de Escherichia coli aislada de mujeres con infecciones urinarias extrahospitalarias.
Authors: Santa cruz López Cinthya Yanina , Cubas Castillo Keyla J. , Saavedra Jiménez Luz A.
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Determinar la susceptibilidad antibiótica de Escherichia coli y los factores predisponentes de infecciones del tracto urinario en mujeres atendidas en un centro de atención primaria de Jaén durante los meses de agosto a diciembre del 2019. Materiales y Métodos: Se evaluaron 133 muestras de orina de mujeres mayores de 18 años y se determinó la infección del tracto urinario mediante un examen microscópico del sedimento urinario, posteriormente se realizó el aislamiento, identificación bioquímica y susceptibilidad antibiótica de Escherichia coli. Además, se establecieron los factores predisponentes de la infección urinaria mediante la aplicación de una encuesta. Resultados: Se obtuvo que el 23,30% de mujeres presentó infección urinaria, identificándose E. coli como agente causal en el 74,19% de casos. Las mujeres con infección urinaria pertenecían mayoritariamente al grupo etario de 59 años a más (8,27%). Se observó mayor sensibilidad a ceftriaxona y ceftazidima (73,91%), seguido de la Amikacina (69,56%) y Gentamicina (65,21%) y, resistencia al sulbactam (65%) y Amoxicilina/Ac. Clavulánico (52,17%). Respecto a los factores predisponentes se evidenció que, el 61,29% de mujeres con infección urinaria por E. coli no utilizaba métodos anticonceptivos y 38,70% solo culminó estudios secundarios (p<0,05). Conclusión: Se concluyó que, E. coli presentó una notable resistencia al Sulbactam y Amoxicilina/Ac. Clavulánico, además los factores predisponentes de mayor importancia para el desarrollo de infecciones urinarias fueron el grado de instrucción y uso de método anticonceptivo.
Evaluación de calidad de la atención prenatal en centros de salud de la provincia de Lambayeque adscritos a la Gerencia Regional de Salud Lambayeque
Authors: Díaz-Morón Percy
Published: May 2021

Objetivo. Evaluar la calidad de la atención prenatal en centros de salud de la provincia de Lambayeque, durante enero a marzo de 2019. Materiales y métodos: Se evaluaron 325 usuarias y 51 profesionales de la salud, procedentes de los centros de salud de la provincia de Lambayeque adscritos a la Gerencia Regional de Salud; se recolectó información mediante instrumentos como hoja de verificación, registro de datos del carné perinatal y encuestas; se evaluó las dimensiones de calidad: competencia, seguridad, accesibilidad, satisfacción y comodidades, las que fueron dicotomizadas como adecuado e inadecuado y luego analizadas mediante la estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Se encontró que las usuarias percibieron en 79,1 % la capacidad profesional adecuada, en la seguridad 76,9 % indicó preferencia por quien la atiende, 60 % consideró adecuada la documentación requerida, 65 % entienden las explicaciones, 57,5 % percibió como inadecuada la calidad de la atención y el 64,3% percibió que la comodidad es adecuada. El 80,4 % de profesionales conoce las guías de atención prenatal, 76,4 % las usa, 60,7 % considera que la calidad de su aplicación es adecuada, en la seguridad 76,5 % consideró que la ayuda del auxiliar es adecuada, 96,1 % cuenta con guías de atención, 49,1 % está satisfecho en su centro laboral, y el 76,5 % percibió adecuada la comodidad del consultorio. Conclusión: Se concluye que en la evaluación de calidad de la atención prenatal, las dimensiones competencia y seguridad percibidas por usuarias y profesionales fueron adecuadas, y la competencia profesional para el registro del carné perinatal fue inadecuado. Asimismo, la seguridad percibida por usuarias y profesionales fue adecuada, pero la accesibilidad fue inadecuada para usuarias y adecuada para profesionales. Y en relación a la comodidad esta fue percibida como adecuada para ambos grupos de participantes en el estudio.
The Shock Reaction in a Simple Close Economy
Authors: Vajrapatkul Adirek
Published: May 2021

As the general objective of a representative government is to achieve in creating the economic conditions that support the wellbeing of citizen, it, thus, needs to design and implement its policies in an appropriated manner. Hence, to support the valuable information for designing and implementing such policies, this work is designed to gain that information by trying to identify the reactions of various variables to government policies. To meet this objective, this work proposed a simple close economy Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with the public goods in the household consumption bundle. Also, the usual shocks studied in the DSGE model were included in the reaction investigation process. The Bayesian technique is then employed to estimate the model parameters by using the quarterly detrended data of Thailand in the period of 2001 to 2019. The result showed the crowding-out effect driven by government spending. Also, the reactions of the major macroeconomic variables to each shock were consistent with some previous studies.
COMPARISON OF LEGAL CONSUMER PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN E-COMMERCE TRANSACTIONS TO SUPPORT DIGITAL ECONOMIC GROWTH IN INDONESIA
Authors: Sugianto Fajar , Sukardi Ellora , Michael Tomy
Published: May 2021

The e-commerce industry in Indonesia is growing rapidly amidst the slowdown in the country's economy. Moreover, most of the e-commerce business players in Indonesia are small, micro, and medium scale (SME). Consumers in e-commerce transactions have a greater risk of loss than business actors or merchants. In other words, consumer rights in e-commerce transactions are very vulnerable, so that consumers in e-commerce transactions are in a very weak bargaining position. The importance of a country regulating legal protection for consumers is generally based on considerations of its actuality and urgency. Legal regulations for e-commerce transactions are designed to create the level of certainty needed in business transactions and to protect consumers in e-commerce transactions in order to support the growth of the digital economy in Indonesia. Current legal protection regulations for consumers in Indonesia have not been able to protect consumers in cross-border e-commerce transactions. In e-commerce transactions, there are no national borders. The consumer protection laws of each country, such as those of Indonesia, are not sufficiently helpful because e-commerce operates across borders. This type of research is normative legal research that uses statutory regulations.
Dijital Medyada Programatik Reklamcılık ve Etik Sorunlar
Authors: METE Mevlüt Hürol
Published: May 2021

Dijital medyanın önlenemez gelişimi ile birlikte reklamcılık sektöründe de köklü değişiklikler meydana gelmiştir. Dijital tüketici kavramının ortaya çıkması tüketici davranışlarını değiştirmiş ve sektörü bu yeni düzene adapte olmaya itmiştir. Şüphesiz sektörün büyümesi, geleneksel oyuncuların yanına yeni rakipler getirmiş ve bu yıkıcı rekabet içerisinde hayatta kalmak isteyen firmalar için tüketici verileri çok değerli hâle gelmiştir. Bu noktada programatik reklamcılık gibi veriye ve otomasyona dayalı sistemler ön plana çıkmış ve firmalar açısından cezbedici olmuştur. Mevcut veya potansiyel tüketici verilerine erişim konusu etik sorunları da beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu noktada kişisel verilerin kullanımından kaynaklı etik sorunlar, gizlilik ihlalleri konusunda açık ve şeffaf kurallar konulması gerekli hâle gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada dijital medyanın pazarlama alanına getirdiği yenilikler ele alınarak son dönemde oldukça ön plana çıkan programatik reklamcılık konusuna yer verilecektir. Büyük verinin kullanılmasını odağına alan bu yeni reklam türünün sektörü nasıl dönüştürdüğü incelenerek kişisel verilerin kullanımı ve gizlilik ihlalleri ile ilgili etik konular çerçevesinde değerlendirilecektir. Konuyla ilgili yapılan araştırmalar sektördeki yenilikçi uygulamalar ile kullanıcıların algıları arasında büyük bir çelişkiler bulunduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında uluslararası araştırmalar tarama yöntemiyle derlenerek, yeni medyanın reklamcılık sektörüne getirdiği karmaşık süreçler ile günlük hayatımızda karşımıza çıkan etik sorunlar örneklerle ele alınacaktır.
Hilmi Ziya Ülken’in “Aşk Ahlakı” Görüşü Bağlamında Dijital Sosyalliğe Eleştirel Bir Bakış
Authors: DÖNMEZ İbrahim Hakan
Published: May 2021

Bu çalışmada Hilmi Ziya Ülken’in pek çok eserinde değindiği ve Aşk Ahlakı kitabında ayrıntılı şekilde izah ettiği kişilik bilincinin oluşumuyla ilgili görüşleri temelinde sosyal medyaya eleştirel bir bakış denenmiştir. Ülken’e göre, doğuştan gelen doğal dürtülerden oluşan organik bilinç, insanın içine doğduğu toplum tarafından sunulan sosyal bilinç ve bu iki bilincin insanın zihninde çatışmasıyla sentezlenen ve en üst bilinç düzeyi olan kişilik bilinci olmak üzere üç tür bilinç söz konusudur. Kişilik bilincine ulaşmak için ne organik bilincin dayattığı arzuları ne de sosyal bilincin dayattığı sorumlulukları reddetmek gerekir. Kişilik bilincine ulaşan insan, tüm bunların farkında olarak kendi tercihi ile bir denge içinde sentez oluşturmayı başarmıştır. Gelişmiş, sosyal adaletin tesis edildiği bir sistem ancak aşk ahlakına dayanan kişilik bilincine ulaşmış, yani demokrasi ahlakına sahip insanlarla mümkündür. Bu çalışma dijital teknolojilerin gelişmesi sonucu ortaya çıkan ve fiziki sosyalliğin yerini almaya başlayan dijital sosyalliğin, sosyal bilincin sorumluluk esasına dayanarak organik bilinçle çatışma işlevini tam olarak yerine getiremeyeceğini savunmaktadır. Genellikle kişinin kendine benzeyen bir çevreyle şekillendirdiği sosyal medya, toplumsalı oluşturan farklılıklarla birliktelik zorunluluğunu da ortadan kaldırmakta, benzer mesajların birbirini beslemesiyle ufku daraltıp eleştirel düşünme becerisini azaltma riski taşımaktadır. Bu durumda gerçek toplumsal ilişkiler içerisinde doğması gereken, sorumluluğa dayalı sosyal bilinç tam olarak oluşamayacağından bireyde çatışma ve sentezleme işlevini yerine getirecek güce ulaşamayacak, dolayısıyla kişilik bilincinin oluşumu da zorlaşacaktır. Çalışmanın Hilmi Ziya Ülken’den mülhem iddiası, dijital teknolojiye ve onun sonucu olarak ortaya çıkan sosyal medyaya ilişkin eleştirel literatür dikkate alınarak savunulmuştur.
Algoritmalar, Yapay Zeka ve Makine Öğrenimi Ekseninde Gazetecilik Etiği: Uluslararası Akademik Dergilere Yönelik Bir İnceleme
Authors: KAYIHAN Bahar , NARİN Bilge , FIRAT Demet , FIRAT Feyyaz
Published: May 2021

Algoritmalar pek çok alanda olduğu gibi gazetecilikte de kullanılır hâle gelmiştir. Ancak bu durum, etik sorunları da beraberinde getirmiştir. Ayrıca algoritmalar geliştikçe etik sorunlar artmaya devam etmektedir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada algoritma etiği üzerine odaklanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda gazetecilik alanıyla ilgili önde gelen üç dergi olan Digital Journalism, Journalism Studies ve Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly’de 2019 ve 2020 yıllarında yayımlanmış algoritmalarla ilgili çalışmalar nitel içerik analizi yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Alanda önde gelen bu dergilerde algoritma etiğine ne şekilde değinildiğini açığa çıkarmak hedeflenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, makalelerin odaklarına, araştırmada kullanılan kuram/kavramlara, çalışmaların yöntemlerine, örneklemlerine, çalışmaların gerçekleştirildiği ülke ya da ülkelere ve algoritma etiğine yönelik bulgularına odaklanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, gazetecilik alanında önde gelen bu dergilerde algoritmalara ilişkin çalışmalara fazla yer verilmediği, ayrıca çalışmaların çok azında etik sorunlara değinildiği açığa çıkmıştır. Algoritma etiğini araştıran sınırlı sayıda çalışmada ise algoritmalara dayalı etik ihlallerin, insanların tehlike altında hissetmeleri ya da suçsuz yere yargılanmaları gibi çeşitli sorunlara neden olabileceği ifade edilmiştir. Ayrıca bu çalışmaların etik sorunların çözümüne yönelik çeşitli yasal düzenlemeleri, makine öğrenimi teknolojisinin kullanımını, gerektiğinde insan kontrolünü ve algoritma seçimleri hakkında kullanıcıların bilgilendirilmesini önerdiği anlaşılmıştır.
Dijital Melezlerin Dijital Yurttaşlık Seviyelerinin Haber Yayılımı Bağlamında İncelenmesi
Authors: AYAZ Hakan
Published: May 2021

Dijital yurttaşlık konusu, alanyazında son dönemde gittikçe kendisine yer bulmaktadır. Dijital yurttaşlık ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalar genel olarak eğitim alanında yapılmış olup iletişim alanında ise görece azdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, haber yayılımı ekseninde dijital melezlerin dijital yurttaşlık düzeylerini belirleyerek dijital yurttaşlık olgusunun haber yayılımı (haber güvenilirliği ve paylaşımı) ile ilişkilerini ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda 500 dijital meleze eş zamanlı olarak yüz yüze iki ayrı anket uygulanmıştır. İlk anket İşman ve Güngören (2014) tarafından geliştirilen “dijital yurttaşlık ölçeği” ikincisi ise “haber yayılımı ölçeği”dir. Yapılan kümeleme analizi, korelasyon analizlerinin sonucunda şu sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır: Dijital yurttaşlığın 9 boyutunun faktör analizi sonrasında 8 boyut olarak algılandığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Dijital erişim ve okuryazarlık boyutları tek faktör altında birleşmiştir. Dijital melezlerin en yüksek düzeyde oldukları boyutlar; dijital ticaret, dijital iletişim, dijital erişim ve okuryazarlık, dijital etik, dijital hak ve sorumluluklar düzeyleriyken en düşük düzeyler dijital hukuk, dijital sağlık ve dijital güvenliktir. Habere güvenin dijital yurttaşlık düzeyinin yüksekliği ile ilişkisinin olmadığı paylaşımın da dijital yurttaşlık düzeyi yükseldikçe düşük bir oranda yükseldiği belirlenmiştir.
The best interests of the child in international law: conceptual framework
Authors: Datsenko Vasyl
Published: May 2021

On today’s international law, there is a broad consensus on the idea of ​​those who want to talk about all the children and the importance of guilty mother’s interests.

Buti and the court at the right are guilty of the arrest of nikrashchikh іnterestіv ditini.

Vrakhovuchi is the issue of clear legislative regulation of the law and practice of legal practice of securing terminology of the interest of children, the author has analyzed the law of international law.

At the statutory international legal order, there is a need for ECHRL, in some ways there is a lack of food for the protection of interested children in case of a viable dispute about it. Analyzed the keys to the position of the court regarding disputes regarding the child’s privacy Order No. 14 (2013) of the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child «On the right of a child to receive respect for the rest of the world».

Вased on a systematic analysis of the provisions of General Comment No. 14, the author identified two blocks of key positions that the court must adhere to when resolving a child dispute to ensure its best interests: 1) basic positions; 2) the procedure for assessing and determining the best interests of the child.

The Committee underlines that the child’s best interests is a threefold concept: a substantive right; A fundamental, interpretative legal principle; A rule of procedure.

Another main point is the idea of how to apply it to each child individually.

One more fundamental principle of the application of the Convention is that the State has no discretion to determine whether to prioritize the best interests of the child and give them due weight in any action.

When assessing and determining the best interests of the child in order to make a decision on a specific measure, the following steps should be followed:

(a) First, within the specific factual context of the case, find out what are the relevant elements in a best-interests assessment, give them concrete content, and assign a weight to each in relation to one another;

(b) Secondly, to do so, follow a procedure that ensures legal guarantees and

proper application of the right.

As a result of this scientific research, the author has come to the conclusion that providing the best interests of the child are not universal. It must be obtained by the court as a result of identifying and assessing the individual needs of the child, taking into account the specifics of the subject matter of the case being considered by the court.

If the court correctly identified and assessed such needs, followed certain legal guarantees, then the decision taken as a result of the case should be considered to be made in the best interests of the child.

Key words: concept of the best interests of the child, family law relations, evaluation and determination of the best interests of the child, legal guarantees.
Сriminalizing drunk driving: experience of Ukraine
Authors:   Inna Rindiuk, Vasyl Varyvoda
Published: May 2021

The article explores the issue of driving drunk drivers to criminal liability and the prospects for its development. Increasing the responsibility for drunk driving by transferring it to the criminal plane is logical, but does not have a mechanism for proceedings in cases of administrative offenses. Article 266 of the Code of Administrative Offenses and the Instructions defines the procedure for examining the state of intoxication at the stop of a vehicle and in a medical institution, i.e. to criminalize the relevant article in our opinion it is necessary to develop a new Instruction. The ability to prosecute perpetrators. Further, with regard to the new version of Article 130 of the operation of vessels in a state of intoxication, drugs or other intoxication, it is necessary to consider this issue in more detail, because on water the risk of driving in a state of intoxication is also too great, so we believe that it is necessary to criminalize this article in a complex.

Another important point in the Vienna Convention on Road Safety, which has been ratified on the territory of Ukraine, is mentioned in Article 8 of the Vienna Convention on Road Safety, which has been ratified on the territory of Ukraine, entitled «Drivers»: «National legislation should provide for special provisions concerning the driving of vehicles under the influence of alcohol, as well as the legally permissible level of alcohol in the blood and, where appropriate, exhaled air, the excess of which is incompatible with driving».

In all cases, the maximum level of alcohol in the blood in accordance with national legislation shall not exceed 0.50 g of pure alcohol per liter of blood or 0.25 mg per liter of exhaled air (0.25 ppm). Each country sets an appropriate limit on blood alcohol levels and the level of penalties for exceeding them. However, not only is the number of ppm a ground for punishment, for example, in Germany, if a driver demonstrates an inappropriate driving style or commits an accident recorded on a video camera, he may be deprived of his driver’s license for 6 months. However not only is the number of ppm a ground for punishment, for example? In Germany, if a driver for example, in Germany, if a driver demonstrates an inappropriate driving or commits an accident recorded on a video camera, he may be deprived of his driver` license for 6 months. When re-driving while intoxicated, criminal punishment is already provided. At the end of the period of deprivation of a driver`s license, the driver is obliged to donate blood for analysis every month. When the period 3 deprivation of a driver`s license expires, the driver gets his rights back only after passing a special medical and psychological examination, «test for idiocy».

Key words: criminal liability, administrative liability, driver, vehicle, intoxication.
ERNESTO SÁBATO’NUN TÜNEL ROMANINDA SAPLANTI VE ŞİDDET
Authors: YAZICI ÇANGUR Melike
Published: May 2021

Bu çalışmada, Arjantinli yazar Ernesto Sábato’nun 1948 yılında yayınlanan Tünel romanında başkahraman Juan Pablo Castel’in saplantı ve şiddet dolu iç dünyasının yasak aşkı María Iribarne’yi de içine aldığı duygusal tünel hakkında saptamalarda bulunulacaktır. Aynı zamanda obsesif kompülsif bozukluk özellikleri gösteren saplantılı düşüncelerin Juan Pablo’da olduğu kadar María Iribarne’de de ortaya çıkan yansımaları üzerinde durulacaktır. Bu amaçla eserdeki saplantı, fiziksel ve psikolojik şiddet ile ilgili örneklerden faydalanılacaktır. İletişimsizliğin, kendini doğru ifade edememenin ve içine kapanık ruh halinin yanında yasak aşkın bireyler üzerinde yarattığı baskı ifade edilmeye çalışılacaktır. Ahlak dışı bir ilişkinin içinde bulunan iki karakterin sessiz suç ortaklığı, aldatılan ve aldatan diğer karakterlerde de kendini göstermektedir. Eserde arada kalmışlığın verdiği huzursuzluk incelenecektir. Romanda ahlak dışı eylemler içinde bulunan karakterler suç ortaklığına girdiği kişilere karşı kör ve sağır olmayı seçmektedir. Bu sessizlik de bireylerin suçlarını normalleştirmeye sebep olmaktadır. Çalışmamızın amacı modern dünya insanının içine hapsolduğu yalnızlıktan kurtulma çabalarını edebiyat aracılığıyla gözlemleyebilmektir.
Assessment of Metal Pollution on the Cultivation of Olive Trees in the Petrochemical Industrial Zone of Arzew (Algeria)
Authors: Labdaoui Djamel , Lotmani Brahim , Aguedal Hakim
Published: May 2021

The olive tree is considered among the most dominant tree crops in Algeria. This culture is often found on the roadsides and around the polluting centers in the western regions. The first study was realized to evaluate the absorp-tion of Copper, Zinc, Lead and Mercury in the roots, shoots and olive leaves irrigated separately with two metallic concentrations (250ppm and 500ppm) was studied in experimental greenhouse. A second study was carried out to determine the presence of metal in olive leaves from the petrochemical in-dustrial zone located in Arzew (Algeria). The results show that Mercury is the most toxic metal for the plant, even at low concentrations. We can see that the contents of Copper, Zinc and Lead in the tissues of the olive tree are pro-portional to their concentrations in the soil. A high concentration of Copper was observed in the leaves than in other tissues. However, Lead was found in the roots and shoots. The elementary composition of the olive leaves of the samples taken in the petrochemical industrial zone shows the absence of dangerous heavy metals such as Lead and Cadmium. This work could con-tribute to clarify the effects of heavy metal in polluted zone on olive trees and its potential toxicity for humans.
Effect of subinhibitory antibiotics concentrations on biofilm formation by clinical Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from endotracheal tubes in ventilator-associated pneumonia
Authors: Mâ€™hamedi Imane , Hassaine Hafida , Dalaa Leila , Benelhadj-Djelloul Saadia , Ziane Mohammed
Published: May 2021

The treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by Acinetobacter baumanii requires a probabilistic antibiotic therapy followed by a specific antibiotic therapy. However, this treatment is faced with two problems; first, the great ability of A. bauamnii to form a biofilm on the surface of endotra-cheal tube, and second the exposure of bacteria to a sub-minimal inhibitory concentration (Sub-MIC) of antibiotics due to their weak diffusion through the tissues. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of Sub-MICs of ceftazidime (CAZ), piperacillin/tazobactam (PIP/TAZ), imipenem (IMP) and colistin (CST) on biofilm formation of six A. baumanii clinical iso-lates and as well as on its representative strain ATCC 19606. Sub-MIC of ceftazidime was found to increase biofilm formation in all six isolates. Alt-hough, in the presence of Sub-MIC of PIP/TAZ, biofilm formation of three isolates was reduced. Also, Sub-MIC of CST had a stimulating effect on bio-film formation in three isolates and a reducing effect on one single isolate. While, no impact was noted on all isolates in the presence of Sub-MIC of IMP. The ATCC 19606 biofilm formation exhibited no significant change in the presence of Sub-MIC of IMP. However, it decreased in the presence of Sub-MIC of PIP / TAZ and CST and increased in the presence of Sub-MIC of CAZ Finally, an inappropriate choice of antibiotic therapy, combined with a lower concentration can in some cases stimulate the potential of clinical A. baumanii strains to form a biofilm in ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).
A cost-effective set-up to demonstrate embryonic limb development in Aseel (Gallus gallus domesticus)
Authors: Jayaraj Perumal , Srinivasan Vani , Sharma Sejal , Banerjee Deepanjan , Ghosh Nabanita , Singh Abhimanyu , Madan Mehak , Kant Nimita
Published: May 2021

Limb development during embryogenesis is a classical model used to study pattern formation. Experiments with biological model systems currently re-quire expensive equipment to maintain optimal conditions, an impractical option for low-scale studies. Currently popular ex-vivo methods lead to stunted embryonic limb development, a high infection and fatality rate. As an alternative, the presented paper uses a novel, cost-effective set up to study the developing chick embryo as a biological model in order to visualize Chondrogenesis alongwith formation of ossification centers and apoptotic events occurring in the limb bud of the developing embryo.This cup-in-cup model constructed using polystyrene cups is instrumental in observing the developing embryos and correlating them to Hamilton-Hamburger (HH) de-velopmental stages without exposing them to the outside environment and approaching a near perfect embryo survival rate. Anatomical events during skeleton development such as chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, and apoptosis are studied using Alcian Blue, Alizarin Red and Nile Blue Sulphate staining protocols revealing successful formation and progression of ossification cen-ters and apoptotic regions in the limb bud. The chick embryo system is an excellent model that aids in understanding osteogenesis at both basic and clinical science level and enhance our knowledge about embryological devel-opment. The cup-in-cup system presented in this study proves to be a realis-tic addition to the subject of embryology and an ideal, sustainable experi-mental medium for low-scale research studies.
Raman Spectroscopic technique as an effective method for detecting adulteration in an Ayurvedic fungal medicine Phansomba (Phellinus merrillii)
Authors: Lamrood Prasad Y. , Ralegankar Sachin D.
Published: May 2021

Phansomba (Phellinus merrillii) is a traditional fungal medicine used in the western parts of Maharashtra for tooth ache, excessive salivation in children. It has also exhibited prominent in vitro anticancer activity against human cervical carcinoma cell lines. Over the past 20 years it was observed that availability of this fungal medicine became scanty and irregular mainly due to overexploitation and deforestation and more often a ‘look alike’adulter-ants have been commonly sold by the name phansomba. Therefore, the au-thenticity of this medicine is in question. Hence, the samples sold under the name phansomba were collected from various localities of Wersten Ghats and screened using Raman spectroscopy initially at range between 268–1773cm-1and later at a narrow range between 487–1436cm-1. The spectra of these samples were compared with the spectra of genuine phansomba (Ph. merrillii) sample. Later on, after transformation the spectral data into a bina-ry matrix neighbor joining and maximum likelihood tree were constructed. Similarly, the data was subjected to multivariate analysis using PCA and MDS. The results of these analysis indicated a clear separation of genuine phansomba samples and the adulterated samples. It was further revealed that the RAMAN bands at 487, 528, 786, 892, 915, and 1436 cm-1 are charac-teristic of Phellinus, particularly Ph. merrillii. The study, therefore, suggested that with the use of RAMAN spectra adulteration may easily be identified in phansomba samples by screening them at a range of 487–1436cm-1. We therefore, suggest that this range may serve as a signature range for Phel-linus and such specific spectral ranges may also be established for other herbal drugs and a good data base may be created.
Integrated use of condition indexes, genotoxic and cytotoxic biomarkers for assessing pollution effects in fish (Mullus barbatus L., 1758) on the West coast of Algeria
Authors: Amina Kaddour , Fatma Belhoucine , Amel Alioua
Published: May 2021

Coastal pollution is a severe threatens to aquatic organisms. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the temporal and spatial variability of the biological responses of Mullus barbatus collected between autumn 2019 and summer 2020 from two impacted areas and a control site, along the Algerian west coast. Besides the condition indexes (gonadosomatic index GSI, hepatoso-matic index HSI and Fulton’s condition factor K), the micronucleus test (MNT) and the neutral red retention time (NRRT) assay were measured in erythro-cytes. The results revealed a significant correlation between the different fish condition indexes, in link with their reproduction cycle at the three sam-pling sites. Also, GSI, HSI and K showed significant differences between the sites (p<0.05), highlighting the fact that the worst environmental conditions occur at the polluted sites in comparison to the reference one. The study of the two biomarkers showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the frequency of micronuclei (MN) occurrence in the summer period correlated with signifi-cantly (p<0.05) shorter NRRT. In addition, the erythrocytes of M. barbatus populations from the so-called polluted areas presented statistically (p<0.05) higher MN frequencies and shorter NRRT than those of the reference site. This work should contribute to the validation of the use both of the condi-tion indexes (GSI, HSI and K) and the biomarkers (MN and NRRT tests) in bio-monitoring studies of the marine environment since they allowed to deter-mine the level of exposure to the general environmental stress of the investi-gated red mullet populations and, consequently, the quality of their biotope.
Effect of integrated weed management practices on yield and quality of onion (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: Prasad Mata , Meena M. L. , Kumar Sanjay , Maji Sutanu , Singh Rajmani
Published: May 2021

Weed in onion field is a big problem causing yield loss and also need special care that increases cost of cultivation. Among the various options available for eradicating weed problem an experiment on integrated weed manage-ment (IWM) practice was conducted during the Rabi season of 2016-17 at Horticultural Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Babasaheb Bhim-rao Ambedkar University, Lucknow with an aim to find out a suitable feasible method for the onion field at this area. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design with nine treatments [Control, Hand weeding at 20 & 40 DAT, Weed free, Oxyfluorfen @ 100 g ai/ ha, Pendimethalin @ 750 g ai/ha, Agil @ 100 gi/ha, Oxyflurfen@100 g ai/ha + Hand weeding at 40 DAT, Agil @ 100 g ai/ ha+Hand weeding at 20 DAT, Oxyflurfen @ 100 g ai/ha + Agil @ 100 g ai/ha] and three replications. Minimum fresh weight and dry weight of weed at 90 DAT was recorded by weed free condition, which also increase buld yield and quality parameters recording higher bulb weight (95.72 g), bulb yield (302.67q/ha), bulb diameter (6.48 cm), number of scales per bulb (8.40) and better quality parameters like recording maximum ascorbic acid (12.07), TSS (12.90), total sugars (18.30), reducing sugars(8.51) and non-reducing sugars (9.76) followed by application of Pendimethalin @750g a.i./ha. Thus, it is concluded that weed free condition is the best for onion pro-duction.
Phylogeny and Sequence Analysis of Sulla species Based on Intergenic Spacers trnL-trnF
Authors: Beghalem Hamida , Aliliche Khadidja , Landoulsi Ahmed
Published: May 2021

Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequence variations are broadly used to investi-gate interspecific relationships among plants. The trnL-trnF spacer is located in the large single-copy region of the chloroplast genome. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of genetic variability between the Algeri-an and Tunisian species Hedysarum pallidum (North African endemic spe-cies) and H. capitatum. The phylogenetic relationships among the studied species were investigated by means of maximum Likehood analysis of se-quence polymorphism from chloroplast trnL-trnF spacer DNA; the tree parti-tioned the studied species in two clades. In addition, some specific variations loci- were identified between the species. The observed variations suggest considerable differentiation among cpDNA which could be useful to identify species.
Regulatory effects of prolactin on breeding and migratory behaviours in birds
Authors: Chakraborty Ashmita , Saha Indraneel
Published: May 2021

Prolactin is an adenohypophyseal hormone of vertebrates produced by the neuroendocrine signaling of the hypothalamus. It plays important role in different vertebrate species and referred to as “The Parental Hormone” or “The Hormone of Maternity”. In birds the role of Prolactin is limited as the parental hormone but the behavioral functions like the regulation of season-al reproduction, combating stress of predators, nest building abilities and regulations of migratory cycle are diversified. The classical role of Prolactin in different birds’ species like pigeons and doves is secretion of crop sac “milk” after hatching of eggs and regulation of migration in different type of mi-grants. Reports have suggested that acute and chronic stressors and ener-getic constraints depress prolactin levels disrupting the parental effort in nest building, mate selection, incubation and crop milk production. Although prolactin is diverse in its function but acts through the same receptors throughout the vertebrate series. However, this review establishes that pro-lactin plays an intense role in regulating breeding behaviours and migration in birds along with the interactions of other hormones. Prolactin helps the birds to carry out wide range of behaviour and become evolutionarily suc-cessful.