bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the endometrium and review of previous literature: A case report
Authors: Song Liyun , Wu Qi , Bai Suning , Xu Ren , Wang Xiaona , Yang Yanyan
Published: April 2023

Rationale:

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the endometrium (PSCCE) has been occasionally reported. Treatment of this disease poses a challenge to clinicians because of its rarity. Herein, we report the case of a 56-year-old woman with typical clinical manifestations and a pathological diagnosis classified by molecular typing as having high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) PSCCE. Based on a review of the previous literature, we summarized the treatment options for this rare disease and proposed new opinions.

Patient concerns:

A 56-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with irregular vaginal bleeding and lower abdominal swelling.

Diagnosis:

The patient was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the endometrium (stage IIIC1; MSI-H).

Interventions:

The patient underwent total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-ovariectomy (bso), and pelvic lymph node dissection. Following the surgery, the patient received adjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

Outcomes:

The patient was followed up regularly. No recurrence or metastasis has been reported to date.

Lessons:

Curettage specimens may show only well-differentiated squamous epithelium, which is indistinguishable from normal squamous epithelium. It is difficult to infer from the histological morphology that the curettage specimens originate from the uterine cavity, which makes it difficult to diagnose PSCCE before the operation. We suggest that when an imaging examination indicates a tumor in the uterine cavity, even if multiple curettage specimens indicate normal or well-differentiated squamous epithelium, it indicates the possibility of PSCCE.
Shear wave elastography measured liver stiffness-spleen size-to-platelet ratio for the prediction of high-risk oesophageal varices: a meta-analysis
Authors: Xuan Jingjing , Shi Zhewei
Published: April 2023

Objectives

The potential predictive role of shear wave elastography (SWE) measured liver stiffness-spleen size-to-platelet ratio score (LSPS) for high-risk oesophageal varices (HREV) in patients with cirrhosis remains controversial. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to investigate the diagnostic efficacy of SWE-measured LSPS for HREV.

Methods

Relevant studies were retrieved by searching PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Wanfang, and CNKI databases. Only studies comparing the diagnostic efficacy of SWE-measured LSPS with oesophagogastroduodenoscopy for HREV in patients with cirrhosis were included. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were calculated with a random-effect model.

Results

Overall, eight cohorts were included. Four of them used point SWE (pSWE) and the other four used 2D-SWE. Pooled results showed that a high LSPS measured by pSWE and 2D-SWE were both associated with satisfying diagnostic efficacy for endoscopic-evidenced HREV, with pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio, and pooled area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.86, 0.86, 39.36, and 0.92 for pSWE-derived LSPS, and 0.77, 0.86, 20.64, and 0.89 for 2D-SWE-derived LSPS. No significant difference was observed in the diagnostic efficacy between pSWE- and 2D-SWE-derived LSPS (P all > 0.05). Significant heterogeneity was observed. However, further subgroup and meta-regression analysis failed to show that differences in study design, sex, diagnosis (compensated or overall cirrhosis), or LPSP cutoffs may lead to heterogeneity (P for subgroup difference > 0.05).

Conclusion

A high LSPS with liver stiffness measured by pSWE or 2D-SWE shows satisfying predictive accuracy for HREV in patients with cirrhosis.
Predictive indicators for determining red blood cell transfusion strategies in the emergency department
Authors: Song Junhyup , Kim Sinyoung , Chung Hyun Soo , Park Incheol , Kwon Soon Sung , Myung Jinwoo
Published: April 2023

Background and importance

Appropriate decision-making is critical for transfusions to prevent unnecessary adverse outcomes; however, transfusion in the emergency department (ED) can only be decided based on sparse evidence in a limited time window.

Objectives

This study aimed to identify factors associated with appropriate red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in the ED by analyzing retrospective data of patients who received transfusions at a single center.

Outcome measures and analysis

This study analyzed associations between transfusion appropriateness and sex, age, initial vital signs, an ED triage score [the Korean Triage and Acuity Scale (KTAS)], the length of stay, and the hemoglobin (Hb) concentration.

Main results

Of 10 490 transfusions, 10 109 were deemed appropriate, and 381 were considered inappropriate. A younger age (P < 0.001) and a KTAS level of 3–5 (P = 0.028) were associated with inappropriate transfusions, after adjusting for O2 saturation and the Hb level.

Conclusions

In this single-center retrospective study, younger age and higher ED triage scores were associated with the appropriateness of RBC transfusions.
Emerging role of bone scintigraphy single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography in foot pain management
Authors: Singh Parneet , Agrawal Kanhaiyalal , Tripathy Sujit Kumar , Patro Sai Sradha , Velagada Sandeep
Published: April 2023

Foot and ankle joints being weight-bearing joints are commonly subjected to wear and tear and are prone to traumatic and other pathologies. Most of these foot and ankle pathologies present with pain. The diagnosis of pathology and localization of pain generators is difficult owing to the complex anatomy of the foot and similar clinical presentation. This makes the management of foot pain clinically challenging. Conventional anatomical imaging modalities are commonly employed for evaluation of any anatomical defect; however, these modalities often fail to describe the functional significance of the anatomical lesions, especially in presence of multiple lesions which is common in ankle and foot; however, hybrid single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) by virtue of its dual modalities, that is, highly sensitive functional imaging and highly specific anatomical imaging can serve as a problem-solving tool in patient management. This review attempts to describe the role of hybrid SPECT/CT in overcoming the limitation of conventional imaging and describes its potential application in the management of foot and ankle pain.
Concomitant cavernous sinus thrombosis and central serous chorioretinopathy in a patient with total ophthalmoplegia and monocular blindness: a case report
Authors: Fikriyah Lathifatul , Hidayati Hanik Badriyah , Ardhi Mohammad Saiful
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) is an unusual condition that can result in high mortality and morbidity rate if not treated immediately.

Case presentation:

An Indonesian male, 47 years old, presented with total right ocular ophthalmoplegia followed by blindness, headache, ptosis, periorbital swelling, and hypoesthesia over the left V1 region. MRI of the brain showed suitable cavernous thickening until the right orbital apex, which in contrast showed enhancement suggestive of right Tolosa–Hunt syndrome. The patient was treated with a high dose of steroids, but the patient’s complaints did not improve. The patient underwent digital subtraction angiography and found CST. The optical coherence tomography was found to be central serous chorioretinopathy. He was treated with an antibiotic, anticoagulant, and extraction of the right maxillary molar was performed to remove the source of the infection. After 3 weeks, visual acuity and optical coherence tomography examination were improved.

Discussion:

A comprehensive examination, such as digital subtraction angiography, is essential to confirm CST diagnosis for the patient to obtain the right therapy. This report highlighted the value of the prompt diagnosis of CST through neuroimaging and the importance of proper therapy in patient management.

Conclusions:

Early diagnosis, comprehensive examination, and proper treatment of CST will increase good prognosis.
Retrovesical hydatid cyst: an unusual location of hydatid disease about a case series
Authors: Hermi Amine , Saadi Ahmed , Mokadem Seif , Boussaffa Hamza , Zaghbib Selim , Haroun Ayed , Bouzouita Abderrazak , Derouiche Amine , Chakroun Marouene , Ben Slama Mohamed Riadh
Published: April 2023

Introduction and importance:

Hydatid disease is an endemic zoonosis in regions with temperate climates where pastoral farming is common. Retrovesical localization is rare. Given the rarity of this entity, the lack of personal clinical experience, and the difficulty with detecting early symptoms, the diagnosis remains elusive for years.

Methods:

This is a 30-year retrospective, descriptive and analytic study of seven patients who were hospitalized and operated on in the Department of Urology during 30 years (1990–2019).

Outcomes:

The average patient age was 54 years (range: 28–76). Signs of bladder irritation were the predominant presenting complaint. No cases of hydaturia were noted. Preoperative diagnosis was based on ultrasonography and serology tests. Hydatid serology was positive for three patients. In three cases, a hydatid cyst of the liver was associated. A partial cystopericystectomy was performed for five patients, it was total for one patient. The resection of the prominent dome was realized once. No cystovesical fistula was found. The mean postoperative stay was 16 days. The postoperative course was uneventful for five patients. Urinary fistula occurred in one patient. One case of infection of the residual cavity was observed. One patient had a retroperitoneal cyst recurrence requiring reoperation.

Conclusion:

The preoperative diagnosis of retrovesical hydatid cysts is based mainly on ultrasonography. Open surgery is the treatment of choice. Different approaches are possible. Given the rarity of this entity, management should be guided by experienced experts.
Comparison of spinal versus general anesthesia on the perioperative blood glucose levels in patients undergoing lower abdominal and pelvic surgery: a prospective cohort study, Ethiopia
Authors: Samuel Hirbo , Girma Betelihem , Negash Mestawet , Muluneh Esubalew
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

Surgery is linked with fear and stress that disrupt metabolic and neuroendocrine activities, which impair normal maintained glucose metabolism that leads to stress hyperglycaemia. This study aimed to compare the effect of general and spinal anaesthesia on perioperative blood glucose levels in patients undergoing lower abdominal and pelvic surgery.

Methods:

This prospective observational cohort study recruits 70 adult patients who underwent lower abdominal and pelvic surgery under general and spinal anaesthesia; 35 in each group. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Capillary blood glucose was measured at four perioperative times. An independentt-test, dependentt-test, and Manny–Whitney U test were used for statistical analysis, as appropriate.Pvalues less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results:

No statistically significant difference was observed in mean blood glucose levels at baseline and 5 min after induction of general anaesthesia and complete blocks of spinal anaesthesia. But at the end of surgery and 60 min after the end of surgery the mean blood glucose levels were statistically significantly higher in the general anaesthesia group compared with the spinal anaesthesia group (P<0.05). And the blood glucose level was significantly increased from baseline compared with the different time intervals in the general anaesthesia group.

Conclusion:

The mean blood glucose levels were lower in patients undergoing surgery under spinal anaesthesia compared with general anaesthesia. The authors recommend spinal over general anaesthesia whenever possible for patients undergoing lower abdominal and pelvic surgery.
Clinical Instability Is a Sign of Severity of Illness: A Cohort Study
Authors: Pollack Murray M. , Trujillo Rivera Eduardo , Morizono Hiroki , Patel Anita K.
Published: April 2023

OBJECTIVES:

Test the hypothesis that within patient clinical instability measured by deterioration and improvement in mortality risk over 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-hour time intervals is indicative of increasing severity of illness.

DESIGN:

Analysis of electronic health data from January 1, 2018, to February 29, 2020.

SETTING:

PICU and cardiac ICU at an academic children’s hospital.

PATIENTS:

All PICU patients. Data included descriptive information, outcome, and independent variables used in the Criticality Index-Mortality.

INTERVENTIONS:

None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:

There were 8,399 admissions with 312 deaths (3.7%). Mortality risk determined every three hours using the Criticality Index-Mortality, a machine learning algorithm calibrated to this hospital. Since the sample sizes were sufficiently large to expect statical differences, we also used two measures of effect size, the proportion of time deaths had greater instability than survivors, and the rank-biserial correlation, to assess the magnitude of the effect and complement our hypothesis tests. Within patient changes were compared for survivors and deaths. All comparisons of survivors versus deaths were less than 0.001. For all time intervals, two measures of effect size indicated that the differences between deaths and survivors were not clinically important. However, the within-patient maximum risk increase (clinical deterioration) and maximum risk decrease (clinical improvement) were both substantially greater in deaths than survivors for all time intervals. For deaths, the maximum risk increase ranged from 11.1% to 16.1% and the maximum decrease ranged from –7.3% to –10.0%, while the median maximum increases and decreases for survivors were all less than ± 0.1%. Both measures of effect size indicated moderate to high clinical importance. The within-patient volatility was greater than 4.5-fold greater in deaths than survivors during the first ICU day, plateauing at ICU days 4–5 at 2.5 greater volatility.

CONCLUSIONS:

Episodic clinical instability measured with mortality risk is a reliable sign of increasing severity of illness. Mortality risk changes during four time intervals demonstrated deaths have greater maximum and within-patient clinical instability than survivors. This observation confirms the clinical teaching that clinical instability is a sign of severity of illness.
Cardiothoracic Radiologist Workload, Work Capacity, and Burnout Post-COVID
Authors: Meyer Cristopher A. , Klein Jeffrey S. , Liubauskas Rokas , Bhalla Sanjeev , Eisenberg Ronald L.
Published: April 2023

In this report and analysis of the results of a late 2021 post-COVID pandemic survey of members of the Society of Thoracic Radiology, we compared cardiothoracic radiologist workloads and burnout rates with those obtained from a prepandemic survey of society members. The more recent survey also asked respondents to provide a subjective assessment of their individual workload capacity should they be required to read cases at a section average daily case work volume, and this assessment was correlated with burnout rates. To measure nonrelative value unit workload, we requested data on non–case-related work responsibilities including teaching and multidisciplinary conferences that were not assessed in the first survey. In addition, we asked respondents to provide information on the availability of support services, personnel, and hardware and software tools that could improve work efficiency and reduce radiologist stress levels thereby mitigating burnout. We found that postpandemic case workload and cardiothoracic radiologists’ burnout rates were similarly high compared with prepandemic levels with an overall burnout rate of 88% including a 100% burnout rate among women which had significantly increased. The range of radiologists’ workload capacity is broad, although 80% of respondents reported that reading at an average sectional case volume was at or above their capacity, and the perceived capacity correlated with burnout measures. The presence of fellows and computer-aided diagnosis/artificial intelligence tools were each associated with significant decreases in burnout, providing 2 potential strategies that could be employed to address high cardiothoracic radiologist burnout rates.
An Evaluation of Native Breast Dimension and Tissue Expander Inflation Rate on the Risk of Capsular Contracture Development in Postmastectomy Reconstruction
Authors: Chen Yunchan , Qin Nancy , Wang Marcos Lu , Black Grant G. , Vaeth Anna , Asadourian Paul , Chinta Malini , Bernstein Jaime L. , Otterburn David M.
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Capsular contracture is a common complication after 2-stage breast reconstruction. The relationships between native breast size, the rate of tissue expander expansion, and capsule formation have not been elucidated. This study aims to evaluate how these factors contribute to capsular contracture and establish cutoff values for increased risk.

Methods

A data set consisting of 229 patients who underwent 2-stage breast reconstruction between 2012 and 2021 was included in the study. The rate of expansion is estimated as the final expanded volume subtracted by the initial filling volume of the tissue expander over time elapsed. The native breast size was estimated using various preoperative breast measurements and the weight of mastectomy specimen (grams). Further stratified analysis evaluated patients separately based on postoperative radiation status.

Results

Greater nipple-inframammary fold distance and faster tissue expander enlargement rate conferred decreased odds of developing capsular contracture (P< 0.05). On stratified analysis, faster tissue expansion rate was not significant in the nonradiated cohort but remained a significant negative predictor in the radiation group (odds ratio, 0.996;P< 0.05). Cut-point analysis showed an expansion rate of <240 mL/mo and a nipple-inframammary fold value of <10.5 cm as conferring a greater risk of capsular contracture.

Conclusion

Smaller inframammary fold distance may be associated with a higher risk of capsular contracture. Slower expansion rates correlate with increased odds of contracture in patients undergoing adjuvant radiation. Breast geometry should be considered when risk stratifying various reconstruction approaches (implant vs autologous). In addition, longer delays between implant exchange and initial tissue expansion should be avoided if clinically feasible.
Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome Requiring Bilateral Fasciotomy
Authors: Frecentese Grace I. , Roche Aidan D. , Cederna Paul S.
Published: April 2023

Stiff skin syndrome (SSS) is a rare cutaneous disorder characterized by cutaneous fibrosis resulting in the early onset of thickened and indurated skin, joint mobility restrictions, and contractures. We describe a father and son with familial SSS who presented with bilateral exertional pain and a confirmed diagnosis of chronic exertional compartment syndrome on 4-compartment pressure testing. Patients experienced restored functionality with bilateral 4-compartment fasciotomy. Chronic exertional compartment syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with SSS and chronic pain of the lower limbs.
Legislation and Policy Recommendations on Organ and Tissue Donation and Transplantation From an International Consensus Forum
Authors: Toews Maeghan , Chandler Jennifer A. , Pope Thaddeus , Pape Roger , Weiss Matthew , Sandiumenge Alberto
Published: April 2023

Background.

There is a shared global commitment to improving baseline donation and transplantation performance metrics in a manner consistent with ethics and local cultural and social factors. The law is one tool that can help improve these metrics. Although legal systems vary across jurisdictions, our objective was to create expert, consensus guidance for law and policymakers on foundational issues underlying organ and tissue donation and transplantation (OTDT) systems around the world.

Methods.

Using the nominal group technique, a group composed of legal academics, a transplant coordinator/clinician, and a patient partner identified topic areas and recommendations on foundational legal issues. The recommendations were informed by narrative literature reviews conducted by group members based on their areas of expertise, which yielded a range of academic articles, policy documents, and sources of law. Best practices were identified from relevant sources in each subtopic, which formed the basis of the recommendations contained herein.

Results.

We reached consensus on 12 recommendations grouped into 5 subtopics: (i) legal definitions and legislative scope, (ii) consent requirements for donation‚ (iii) allocation of organs and tissue‚ (iv) operation of OTDT systems‚ and (v) travel for transplant and organ trafficking. We have differentiated between those foundational legal principles for which there is a firm basis of support with those requiring further consideration and resolution. Seven such areas of controversy are identified and discussed alongside relevant recommendations.

Conclusions.

Our recommendations encompass some principles staunchly enshrined in the OTDT landscape (eg, the dead donor rule), whereas others reflect more recent developments in practice (eg, mandatory referral). Although some principles are widely accepted, there is not always consensus as to how they ought to be implemented. As the OTDT landscape continues to evolve, recommendations must be reconsidered for the law to keep pace with developments in knowledge, technology, and practice.
Organ and Tissue Donation Consent Model and Intent to Donate Registries: Recommendations From an International Consensus Forum
Authors: Walton Phil , Pérez-Blanco Alicia , Beed Stephen , Glazier Alexandra , Ferreira Salomao Pontes Daniela , Kingdon Jennifer , Jordison Kim , Weiss Matthew J.
Published: April 2023

Background.

Consent model and intent to donate registries are often the most public facing aspects of an organ and tissue donation and transplantation (OTDT) system. This article describes the output of an international consensus forum designed to give guidance to stakeholders considering reform of these aspects of their system.

Methods.

This Forum was initiated by Transplant Québec and cohosted by the Canadian Donation and Transplantation Program partnered with multiple national and international donation and transplantation organizations. This article describes the output of the consent and registries domain working group, which is 1 of 7 domains from this Forum. The domain working group members included administrative, clinical, and academic experts in deceased donation consent models in addition to 2 patient, family, and donor partners. Topic identification and recommendation consensus was completed over a series of virtual meetings from March to September 2021. Consensus was achieved by applying the nominal group technique informed by literature reviews performed by working group members.

Results.

Eleven recommendations were generated and divided into 3 topic groupings: consent model, intent to donate registry structure, and consent model change management. The recommendations emphasized the need to adapt all 3 elements to the legal, societal, and economic realities of the jurisdiction of the OTDT system. The recommendations stress the importance of consistency within the system to ensure that societal values such as autonomy and social cohesion are applied through all levels of the consent process.

Conclusions.

We did not recommend one consent model as universally superior to others, although considerations of factors that contribute to the successful deployment of consent models were discussed in detail. We also include recommendations on how to navigate changes in the consent model in a way that preserves an OTDT system’s most valuable resource: public trust.
High prevalence of lipopolysaccharide mutants and R2-Pyocin susceptible variants inPseudomonas aeruginosapopulations sourced from cystic fibrosis lung infections
Authors: Mei Madeline , Pheng Preston , Kurzeja-Edwards Detriana , Diggle Stephen P.
Published: April 2023

Chronic, highly antibiotic-resistant infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) lungs contribute to increasing morbidity and mortality.Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common CF pathogen, exhibits resistance to multiple antibiotics, contributing to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). These bacterial populations display genetic and phenotypic diversity, but it is unclear how this diversity affects susceptibility to bacteriocins. R-pyocins, i.e. bacteriocins produced byP. aeruginosa, are phage tail-like antimicrobials. R-pyocins have potential as antimicrobials, however recent research suggests the diversity ofP. aeruginosavariants within CF lung infections leads to varying susceptibility to R-pyocins. This variation may be linked to changes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS), acting as the R-pyocin receptor. Currently, it is unknown how frequently R-pyocin-susceptible strains are in chronic CF lung infection, particularly when considering the heterogeneity within these strains. In this study, we tested R2-pyocin susceptibility of 139P. aeruginosavariants from 17 sputum samples of seven CF patients and analyzed LPS phenotypes. We found that 83% of sputum samples did not have R2-pyocin-resistant variants, while nearly all samples contained susceptible variants. there was no correlation between LPS phenotype and R2-pyocin susceptibility, though we estimate that about 76% of sputum-derived variants lack an O-specific antigen, 40% lack a common antigen, and 24% have altered LPS cores. The absence of a correlation between LPS phenotype and R-pyocin susceptibility suggests LPS packing density may play a significant role in R-pyocin susceptibility among CF variants. Our research supports the potential of R-pyocins as therapeutic agents, as many infectious CF variants are susceptible to R2-pyocins, even within diverse bacterial populations.

IMPORTANCE

Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients often experience chronic, debilitating lung infections caused by antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, contributing to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The genetic and phenotypic diversity of P. aeruginosa populations in CF lungs raises questions about their susceptibility to non-traditional antimicrobials, like bacteriocins. In this study, we focused on R-pyocins, a type of bacteriocin with high potency and a narrow killing spectrum. Our findings indicate that a large number of infectious CF variants are susceptible to R2-pyocins, even within diverse bacterial populations, supporting their potential use as therapeutic agents. The absence of a clear correlation between lipopolysaccharide (LPS) phenotypes and R-pyocin susceptibility suggests that LPS packing density may play a significant role in R-pyocin susceptibility among CF variants. Understanding the relationship between LPS phenotypes and R-pyocin susceptibility is crucial for developing effective treatments for these chronic infections.
Visually evoked neuronal ensembles reactivate during sleep
Authors: Lines Justin , Yuste Rafael
Published: April 2023

Neuronal ensembles, defined as groups of coactive neurons, dominate cortical activity and are causally related to perceptual states and behavior. Interestingly, ensembles occur spontaneously in the absence of sensory stimulation. To better understand the function of ensembles in spontaneous activity, we explored if ensembles also occur during different brain states, including sleep, using two-photon calcium imaging from mouse primary visual cortex. We find that ensembles are present during all wake and sleep states, with different characteristics depending on the exact sleep stage. Moreover, visually evoked ensembles are reactivated during subsequent slow wave sleep cycles. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that repeated sensory stimulation can reconfigure cortical circuits and imprint neuronal ensembles that are reactivated during sleep for potential processing or memory consolidation.

One-Sentence Summary

Cortical neuronal ensembles are present across wake and sleep states, and visually evoked ensembles are reactivated in subsequent slow-wave sleep.
Development of a custom-made 2.8 T permanent-magnet dipole photon source for the ROCK beamline at SOLEIL
Authors: Brunelle Pascale , Béchu Nicolas , Briois Valérie , Marteau Fabrice , Ribbens Marc , Berteaud Philippe , Delétoille Xavier , Dupuy Eric , Herbeaux Christian , Labat Marie , Lestrade Alain , Nadji Amor , Nadolski Laurent , Nouna Mohamed , Pruvost Jean-Baptiste
Published: April 2023

In August 2021, the SOLEIL storage ring was restarted after the summer shutdown with a new bending magnet made entirely of permanent magnets. Producing a magnetic field of 2.8 T, it replaced one of the 32 electromagnetic dipoles (magnetic field of 1.7 T) of the ring to allow the ROCK beamline to exploit more intense photon fluxes in the hard X-ray range, thus improving the time resolution performances of the beamline for experiments carried out above 20 keV. The reduction of the new dipole magnetic gap required to produce the higher field has led to the construction and installation of a new vacuum vessel. The realization of the new dipole with permanent magnets was a technological feat due to the very strong magnetic forces. The permanent-magnet assembly required dedicated tools to be designed and constructed. Thanks to accurate magnetic measurements, a precise modelization of the new dipole was performed to identify its effects on the electron beam dynamics. The first measurements carried out on the ROCK beamline have highlighted the expected increase in photon flux, and the operation performances remain unchanged for the other beamlines. Here, the major developments and results of this innovative project are described in terms of technology, electron beam dynamics and photon beam performance on the ROCK beamline.
“As bad as bad can be”: accounting for species extinction in the North Pacific
Authors: McBride Karen , Sagitova Roza , Cam Olga
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This paper explores the reporting of the Russian American Company (RAC), from 1840 to 1863. Trading in fur, company fears of animal extinctions viewed from a monetary perspective led to early extinction reporting practice. These were not altruistic reports; they were generated by a wish to use natural resources. Despite the motivations, these reports present an example of successful extinction management by a for-profit company and a workable example of emancipatory extinction accounting.

Design/methodology/approach

Using thematic analysis, this study demonstrates how moving from transparency to accountability driven accounting can assist in biodiversity reporting, by exploring this historical business case of extinction management through the lens of Atkins and Maroun's (2018) extinction framework.

Findings

The application of the framework to the RAC's set of reports indicates that this offers a viable proposal for development of extinction management, providing a reporting tool for a for-profit company.

Originality/value

Exploring RAC's reports focusing on their extinction management processes and reporting, the paper contributes to the contemporary debate on the development of extinction reporting frameworks. These historical examples of extinction accounting, show extinction management and reporting is not a unique contemporary development in accounting. The research uses historical data as the empirical foundation for exploring applicability and further development of this extinction framework.
A relatedness-based model of transformational leadership: a case study of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and 1960s East Bengal
Authors: Hajjaj Bobby
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Recent academic work on leadership has focused largely on organizational leadership. This study takes a close look at political leadership, especially that given to popular movements, and delineates a new model of transformational leadership.

Design/methodology/approach

The current study borrows models from organizational leadership research and applies them to a specific case study to reveal critical concepts underlying transformational leadership. Application of these models to Bangladesh's founding father, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, during the two decades of the 1950 and 1960s, shows potential for a new flexible framework for transformational leadership with added significance on leader–follower relatedness, socio-historical context and charisma.

Findings

This study presents clear evidence on the nature of leadership in popular movements and using a specific case study elucidates that movements pick leaders who meet distinct criteria specific to the movement, including a vision that resounds with key follower-groups and prototypicality.

Research limitations/implications

This study presents a new lens under which political and popular leadership can be studied, focusing away from person, political party or rational choice and voting behavior-based ideas of political leadership.

Originality/value

The findings reveal the importance of seeking new ways to fit leadership theory with burgeoning social phenomenon.
An enquiry into competitive value of sustainable manufacturing capabilities
Authors: Pande Bhavya , Adil Gajendra K.
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Despite its great practical and theoretical significance, research on how and to what extent sustainable manufacturing capabilities (SMCs) provide competitive advantage to firms remains scarce. Towards bridging the gap, this paper conducts an enquiry into the competitive value of SMCs.

Design/methodology/approach

A theoretical framework on the competitive value of four SMCs, namely, pollution control (PC), pollution prevention (PP), product stewardship (PS) and clean technology (CT) is developed through synthesis of literature. More specifically, competitive value is characterised in terms of enabling key resources and market positioning opportunities. A case study, using a deductive qualitative approach is conducted to test the framework by analysing reported sustainable manufacturing practices (SMPs) of three multinational firms. Observed compliances and deviations to the framework are analysed and accordingly few propositions are framed.

Findings

The empirical findings largely support the conceptualisation of competitive value for PC, PP, PS and CT provided in the theoretical framework. However, a few deviations were observed for PC, PP and PS. For instance, some PC-based actions, such as co-processing and implementation of zero liquid discharge technology show characteristics of resource conservation and lead to cost benefits. Similarly, there were instances when PP demonstrated the use of non-tacit (imitable) resources and PS was employed to seek compliance to environmental regulations.

Research limitations/implications

The results based on limited number of case firms may not be generalisable to other sectors and contexts.

Practical implications

The study provides guidance to the manufacturing managers about the competitive value of SMPs.

Originality/value

This is a novel study that empirically investigates the competitive value of SMCs by understanding the associated sustainability impetus, enabling key resources and market positioning opportunities.
A systematic literature review of weak signal identification and evolution for corporate foresight
Authors: Zhao Dongyuan , Tang Zhongjun , He Duokui
Published: April 2023

Purpose

With the intensification of market competition, there is a growing demand for weak signal identification and evolutionary analysis for enterprise foresight. For decades, many scholars have conducted relevant research. However, the existing research only cuts in from a single angle and lacks a systematic and comprehensive overview. In this paper, the authors summarize the articles related to weak signal recognition and evolutionary analysis, in an attempt to make contributions to relevant research.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors develop a systematic overview framework based on the most classical three-dimensional space model of weak signals. Framework comprehensively summarizes the current research insights and knowledge from three dimensions of research field, identification methods and interpretation methods.

Findings

The research results show that it is necessary to improve the automation level in the process of weak signal recognition and analysis and transfer valuable human resources to the decision-making stage. In addition, it is necessary to coordinate multiple types of data sources, expand research subfields and optimize weak signal recognition and interpretation methods, with a view to expanding weak signal future research, making theoretical and practical contributions to enterprise foresight, and providing reference for the government to establish weak signal technology monitoring, evaluation and early warning mechanisms.

Originality/value

The authors develop a systematic overview framework based on the most classical three-dimensional space model of weak signals. It comprehensively summarizes the current research insights and knowledge from three dimensions of research field, identification methods and interpretation methods.
Geometric void-multiscale model for evaluating the effect of bead width and layer height on voids in FDM parts
Authors: Sheikh Taha , Behdinan Kamran
Published: April 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to present a geometrical void model in conjunction with a multiscale method to evaluate the effect of interraster distance, bead (raster) width and layer height, on the voids concentration (volume) and subsequently calculate the final mechanical properties of the fused deposition modeling parts at constant infill.

Design/methodology/approach

A geometric model of the voids inside the representative volume element (RVE) is combined with a two-scale asymptotic homogenization method. The RVEs are subjected to periodic boundary conditions solved by finite element (FE) to calculate the effective mechanical properties of the corresponding RVEs. The results are validated with literature and experiments.

Findings

Bead width from 0.2 to 0.3 mm, reported a decrease of 25% and 24% void volume for a constant layer height (0.1 and 0.2 mm – 75% infill). It is reported that the void’s volume increased up to 14%, 32% and 36% for 75%, 50% and 25% infill by varying layer height (0.1–0.2  and 0.3 mm), respectively. For elastic modulus, 14%, 9% and 10% increase is reported when the void’s volume is decreased from 0.3 to 0.1 mm at a constant 75% infill density. The bead width and layer height have an inverse effect on voids volume.

Originality/value

This work brings values: a multiscale-geometric model capable of predicting the voids controllability by varying interraster distance, layer height and bead width. The idealized RVE generation slicer software and Solidworks save time and cost (<10 min, $0). The proposed model can effectively compute the mechanical properties together with the voids analysis.
Fishermen’s competitiveness and labour market performance: Evidence from shrimpers in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Asad , Tasneem Sakiba , Wang Liang Choon
Published: April 2023

We conduct an experiment to determine competitiveness among shrimpers who engage in collecting shrimp seeds in the southwestern coastal region of Bangladesh. We then examine how competitiveness affects the labour supply decisions and labour market performance of these shrimpers. Our results show that shrimpers who prefer competition are more productive than shrimpers who do not prefer competition. Competitive shrimpers secure better prices and earn higher incomes selling their catches. We estimate that their wage elasticity of participation ranges from 0.4 to 0.5, which is consistent with preferences under neoclassical assumptions. Competitive shrimpers have a slightly greater wage elasticity than non‐competitive shrimpers, suggesting that they might be more responsive to expected earnings. Our results have important policy implications for the efficient management of common pool resources.
The Syzygy, Reformulation and New Perspectives: Dreams, Anima‐Animus and Gender1
Authors: Saiz Mario , Abalos Ma. Paz , Grez Claudia , Bartfeld Michael , Benchin Federico , Toloza Susana , Porre Madeleine , Falcone Javiera
Published: April 2023

The main objective of this qualitative and quantitative research paper is to explore the occurrences and relations of the anima, animus and androgynous in dreams, with particular emphasis on the consideration of the androgynous in the human psyche. The sample consists of 9 series of dreams (141 dreams in total), from 9 dreamers, 7 women (female sex/gender) and 2 men (male sex/gender), aged 25–57, heterosexual, undergoing Jungian psychotherapy, and presenting couple‐related themes. Statistical results and qualitative analysis offer new input for the re‐vision of the classical anima‐animus model, and the addition of in‐depth explorations into the androgynous, paving the way for a new model of psychopathology and psychotherapeutic clinical work, in transition.
Lung neuroendocrine neoplasms: a single centre surgical series and analysis of staging
Authors: Davies Reece A. , Alam Naveed Z. , Wright Gavin M.
Published: April 2023

Background

To review the outcomes of surgically resected lung neuroendocrine neoplasms (LNEN) at a tertiary referral centre and to validate a previously published LNEN‐specific staging system (NETL).

Methods

All patients who were identified on histopathology to have LNEN were included. Pre‐, intra‐ and post‐operative outcomes were collected, including long‐term survival. Patients were staged by both the TNM (seventh and eighth edition) and NETL staging (seventh and eighth edition definitions). Kaplan–Meier (KM) survival analysis was performed according to histopathology and stage, along with uni‐ and multivariate analyses.

Result

A total of 132 patients were included in the study, with a median age of 65 years; 55% were female. Typical carcinoid (TC) was the most common pathology (53.4%) followed by large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC – 23.5%), atypical carcinoid (AC – 20.5%) and small cell carcinoma (3.0%). The most common operation performed was a lobectomy (55.3%). Overall survival at 5 years was 80% (100% TC, 78.2% AC, LCNEC 40.9%) and 5‐year disease free survival was 76.8% (TC 94.3%, AC 56.8%, LCNEC 56.4%). KM curves showed a trend towards NETL performing better than TNM, however, in multivariate analysis only the histological subtype was found to be significant in our study.

Conclusion

This is the largest known Australian series of LNEN to date, showing survival comparable to international outcomes. We have demonstrated large variations in outcome, driven by histological grade. The TNM system does not correlate with survival and we have not been able to show that currently proposed NETL staging is superior.
Magnetically controlled artificial urinary sphincter: An overview from existing devices to future developments
Authors: Liao Yucheng , Wang Minghui , Liu Yunlong , Zhou Wei , Liu Ji , Yu Hongliu
Published: April 2023

Background

Urinary incontinence is a common clinical problem in the world today. Artificial urinary sphincter is a good treatment approach for severe urinary incontinence, which is designed to mimic the action of the human urinary sphincter and assist patients to regain urinary function.

Methods

There are many control methods based on artificial urinary sphincter, such as hydraulic control, electromechanical control, magnetic control, and shape memory alloy control. In this paper, the literature was first searched and documented based on PRISMA search strategy for selected specific subject terms. Then, a comparison of artificial urethral sphincters based on different control methods was conducted, and the research progress of magnetically controlled artificial urethral sphincters was reviewed, and their advantages and disadvantages were summarized. Finally, the design factors for the clinical application of magnetically controlled artificial urinary sphincter are discussed.

Results

As magnetic control allows for non‐contact force transfer and does not generate heat, it is proposed that magnetic control may be one of the more promising control methods. The design of future magnetically controlled artificial urinary sphincters will need a variety of considerations, including the structural design of the device, manufacturing materials, manufacturing costs, and convenience. In addition, validation of the safety and effectiveness of the device and device management are equally important.

Conclusions

The design of an ideal magnetically controlled artificial urinary sphincter is of great importance to enhance patient treatment outcomes. However, there are still great challenges to be faced for the clinical application of such devices.
The impact of world oil price shocks on macroeconomic variables in Vietnam: the transmission through domestic oil price
Authors: Trinh Pham T. T. , My Bui T. T.
Published: April 2023

This study examines the impact of world oil price shocks on macroeconomic variables in Vietnam with a focus on the transmission channel of domestic oil prices. The Structural Vector Autoregression model with two blocks of real economy variables and monetary variables is employed. The world oil price follows an autoregressive process to reflect the exogenous nature of world oil price shocks to the domestic economy. The retail domestic oil price is determined simultaneously by only the world oil price due to the government's control of the domestic oil market. Using monthly data in the period between 2009 and 2021, the study indicates that a positive shock to world oil prices will increase the domestic oil prices significantly, industrial production (slightly and only statistically significant in the third month after), and inflation (significantly in 8 months). Besides, the domestic oil price is not the only transmission channel of world oil price shocks to the economy. This result implies forecasting, assessing, and controlling the impact of the world oil price shock on the economy should focus on both domestic oil prices and other indirect channels.
Lasting effects of a brief, scalable diabetes conversation map psychosocial intervention on health beliefs and health behaviors: A large randomized controlled trial in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Jiun‐Hau , Lo Hsiao‐Jung
Published: April 2023

The current study aimed to examine the effects of a conversation map (CM) psychosocial intervention on diet and exercise health beliefs and health behaviors among people with diabetes (PWD). Based on the Health Belief Model, this large‐scale randomized controlled trial (N = 615) investigated whether an added 1‐h theory‐driven CM intervention (N = 308), compared with usual shared‐care service only (N = 307), could significantly better improve PWD's diet and exercise health beliefs and health behaviors at 3‐month posttest. Multivariate linear autoregression analysis demonstrated that, controlling for baseline, the CM group had significantly better diet (β = .270) and exercise (β = .280) health behaviors at 3‐month posttest than the control group. The intervention effects on health behavior change were primarily mediated through desired changes in targeted health beliefs, as informed by the theory. For example, as regards diet, the CM group had significantly greater increases in perceived susceptibility (β = .121), perceived benefits (β = .174), and cues to action (β = .268), as well as greater decreases in perceived barriers (β = −.156), between pretest and 3‐month posttest. In conclusion, future diabetes care may integrate brief theory‐driven CM interventions, as in this study, into current shared‐care practice to help PWD improve diabetes self‐management health behaviors more effectively. Implications for practice, policy, theory, and research are discussed.