bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SYRIA'S POSITION ON IRAQ'S INVASION OF KUWAIT IN 1990
Authors: Ohood Abbas Ohood Abbas
Published: November 2021

At the beginning of the nineties of the last century, one of the most prominent Arab problems appeared ‎in the Middle East, which was represented by Iraq‏’‏s invasion of Kuwait, which was the most prominent ‎event at all levels, regional and international, given the great political and strategic changes that the ‎invasion provoked in the region and the difference in attitudes and consensus at other times, ‎including‏ ‏It was necessary for us to study and analyze the position of one of the most important Arab ‎countries in the region, which is the Syrian position on the issue of Iraq‏’‏s invasion of Kuwait and its ‎repercussions, and the Syrian government‏’‏s attempt to settle that conflict by adopting various effective ‎ways to contain the crisis and prevent the dispersal of the Arab nation with its focus on finding a ‎peaceful solution to avoid the countries of the region from possible future dangers‏. ‏It cannot be ‎controlled later, which is what prompted it to go along with all the Arab and international resolutions ‎that condemned that invasion. That is why it sought to announce its position on the issue of the ‎invasion clearly and transparently, and on several occasions, it did not deviate from its national and ‎Arab principles until the date of the liberation of Kuwait and the resolution of the crisis and its end‎‎. Keywords: Iraq, Syria, Invasion, Security Council, Saudi Arabia, Arab League, Kuwait
A STUDY OF POLITICAL RELATIONS BETWEEN QATAR AND BAHRAIN BETWEEN THE YEARS (2017-2020)‎‎
Authors: AL-SAEED Ahmed Safaa Souda Thamer
Published: November 2021

The study was interested in identifying the nature of the various relations between Qatar and Bahrain ‎during the period 2017-2020, taking into account their roots, by studying the events and political ‎variables in these relations at regular intervals from the point of view of many academic, news and ‎media writings. The research adopted the inductive research method, which focused on referring to ‎what was written on this topic from contemporary books, research and published articles, and showing ‎the extent of their consistency or conflict in order to derive the results and present the topic correctly. ‎We also used the historical method, not primarily. The study reached a number of results, the most ‎important of which was that the relations were and still are tense, affected by the policy of the ‎concerned foreign countries and their international alliances with Turkey, Iran and the United States of ‎America, and the changes in the political conditions of the region with a difference in foreign trends and ‎the diplomatic tool in the face of these changes, especially the Qatari side, which I adopted soft power ‎as a diplomatic tool in dealing with the crisis with Bahrain and its allies in exchange for the blockade, ‎which was considered a means of pressure that had negative effects on humanity and the citizens of the ‎two countries. And the International Court of Justice to look into the nature of cases and political ‎differences, as well as the role of the media in bringing views or their dimensions and in alleviating the ‎severity or escalation of the crisis. Keywords: Borders, Arab Spring, protests, ‎interventions, relations, Qatar and ‎Bahrain, Gulf crisis ‎‎.
CRIMES IN THE TIME OF COVID‎
Authors: DJADI Faiza
Published: November 2021

The spread of the Corona epidemic around the world has resulted in a deterioration in the economic and social situation and the imposition of restrictions on citizens, such as wandering and domestic isolation, as this epidemic has not only changed how people live, but also how crime occurs. Where it showed the spread of a new type of crime represented in domestic violence and fraud via the Internet, and a new type of theft appeared in the form of face masks, medical equipment and oxygen, which became more attractive targets for theft, and in this context the importance of the intervention of the penal legislator appears in the difficult moments that citizens are going through as a result of This is a dangerous epidemic to bring the concept of public order into the core of its primary concerns through criminalization and punishment. And when the World Health Organization announced the transformation of the Corona virus into a pandemic, the features of the criminal phenomenon changed on several levels, as traditional criminal activities became almost non-existent and new criminal activities appeared, especially at the level of electronic crimes, so the state quickly changed its legal arsenal by taking new legislative measures and approaches by reducing this phenomenon and knowing the most important causes and factors causing it, such as the increasing demand for resorting to e-commerce markets and the intense resort to digital handling of money and financial and banking balances, which contributed to the spread of fraud and fraud, in addition to the spread of anxiety, fear and isolation among people, which led to easy Their exploitation and exposure to fraud and fraud, all these factors led to the difficulties faced by the security services, forcing them to re-equip themselves to face a new security policy in order to reduce crime‎‎. Keywords: Coronavirus, Crime, Theft, Health Law, Penal Code.
Mapping summer SUHI and its impact on the environment using GIS and Remote Sensing techniques: A case study on Municipality of Prishtina (Kosovo)
Authors:   University of Prishtina, Kosovo, Berila Albert , Isufi Florim ,   University of Prishtina, Kosovo
Published: November 2021

Urban areas, compared to peripheral and rural areas, have higher temperatures which are caused by a series of unplanned activities that are undertaken by humans. Such a thing leads to the emergence of the Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) phenomenon. In this paper, summer SUHI is determined through the calculation of LST for the Municipality of Prishtina using GIS and Remote Sensing techniques. To make this calculation, the Landsat 8 satellite image with 0% cloud cover was used. From the calculations made it turns out that the pixels with the highest value of LST are found in those parts where the urban area appears, where there are numerous constructions with impermeable materials, as well as in those areas where there are bare surfaces. Whereas, the pixels with lower values of LST appear in those parts where there are vegetation and water bodies, making these areas fresher. The SUHI phenomenon makes the lives of citizens difficult, therefore, such information is very important for the leaders and urban planners of the city of Prishtina, so that they take a series of steps towards minimizing such an effect in order to the life of the citizens to be as healthy as possible.
Experiências Organizacionais de Resistência ao Processo de Empresariamento Urbano: O Caso da Comunidade Vila Autódromo
Authors: Alvarenga Gabriela Izabel de , Darbilly Leonardo Vasconcelos Cavalier
Published: November 2021

Com a aproximação dos Jogos Olímpicos de 2016, acirrou-se no Rio de Janeiro o processo de “empresariamento urbano” (HARVEY, 1996), tendo como uma das consequências o aumento do número absoluto de remoções urbanas (BETIM, 2015). A Vila Autódromo foi uma das comunidades ameaçadas de remoção, porém com ações de oposição a esse processo criaram-se obstáculos significativos aos objetivos traçados pelo poder público, no que diz respeito a essa política, dando notoriedade a tal comunidade.  Assim, objetiva-se analisar como movimentos de resistência, por parte de diferentes atores sociais, podem ocorrer em contraposição a fenômenos como o do empresariamento urbano, tendo como pano de fundo o caso da Vila Autódromo. Para alcançar este objetivo, realizou-se um estudo qualitativo por meio da coleta de entrevistas individuais, observações participantes e pesquisa documental. Assim, os dados apontaram que a luta envolveu ações de resistência dos próprios moradores e de outros diferentes aliados, a partir de uma organização plural na comunidade. A Vila Autódromo demonstrou ser o que Parker, Fournier e Reedy (2012) classificam como uma experiência de um modo alternativo de organizar a sociedade, algo para além das leis econômicas inexoráveis que dominam a maior parte do planeta. Assim, concluiu-se, portanto, que as ações de oposição foram parte do organizar construído na Vila Autódromo e a materialização da resistência na comunidade.
Short-term effects of glyphosate and Roundup Transorb® formulation on the cyanobacteria Synechococcus elongatus
Authors: Moraes Jenifer Silveira , Oliveira Thiago Porto , Guimarães Pablo Santos , Martins Camila de Martinez Gaspar
Published: November 2021

Glyphosate is an active ingredient used in herbicide formulations worldwide. However, besides glyphosate, these formulations have other components to facilitate glyphosate absorption by plants. These include the surfactants such as polyoxyethylene amine (POEA) present in the Roundup Transorb® (RT) formulation. Glyphosate formulations are potentially more toxic to non-target organisms than the pure active ingredient. In this work, we evaluated the toxicity (72 h) of pure glyphosate and RT for the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus, based on biomass growth and cell viability. The formulation proved more toxic than pure glyphosate for both parameters analysed, with an IC50 (Inhibition concentration mean) based on biomass measured by optical density (750 nm) that was sixty times lower. Cell viability was not as sensitive as the biomass because, of the few cells left in the culture, most were viable. This indicates that there is a variation in tolerance between the cyanobacteria present in the inoculum. Thus, cell viability may underestimate the results of glyphosate and RT toxicity and be useful only in low concentrations of exposure.
The effectiveness of an induction programme for newly appointed staff at Coastal KZN FET College
Authors:   , Mabaso Calvin Mzwenhlanhla
Published: November 2021

The research project focussed on the effectiveness of an induction programme for newly appointed staff at Coastal KZN FET College in Kwa-Zulu Natal. The main aim of the study was to investigate the perceptions of educators with regard to the effectiveness of the induction programme for newly appointed lecturers. The key findings of the research were that newly appointed lecturers experienced various problems. The study also explored experiences faced by newly appointed lecturers at Coastal KZN FET College. The challenges arise from the lack of an effective induction programme. These problems resulted in poor productivity among newly appointed lecturers. The empirical component underpinned the review and analysis of the effectiveness of an induction programme for newly-appointed lecturers as they adjust to their entry into the teaching profession. The study also investigated the high turnover (lecturer attrition) among newly appointed lecturers as well as the possible solutions which can be implemented. The survey method was used to administer the questionnaire to all 45 target respondents using the personal method. The study adopted the quantitative research method with precoded close-ended questions. The personal method was used to administer the questionnaire to all 45 target respondents and in this way, a high response rate of 100% was obtained. An important finding in this regard was that the induction programme was not evaluated and improved frequently. The induction programme should ensure that new lecturers are treated with dignity and are allowed the opportunity to display their strengths and the knowledge they bring to their new College by implementing an effective induction programme. Arising out of the empirical analysis the researcher has recommended and developed a set of guidelines that could be used in developing an effective induction programme for the Coastal FET College in Kwa-Zulu Natal. The study concludes with directions for future research to expand on the body of knowledge in this field.
15-year variability of desert dust optical depth on global and regional scales
Authors: Logothetis Stavros-Andreas , Salamalikis Vasileios , Gkikas Antonis , Kazadzis Stelios , Amiridis Vassilis , Kazantzidis Andreas
Published: November 2021

Abstract. This study aims to investigate global, regional and
seasonal temporal dust changes as well as the effect of dust particles on
total aerosol loading using the ModIs Dust AeroSol (MIDAS) fine-resolution dataset. MIDAS delivers dust optical depth (DOD) at fine spatial resolution
(0.1∘×0.1∘) spanning from 2003 to 2017. Within this
study period, the dust burden increased across the central Sahara (up
to 0.023 yr−1) and Arabian Peninsula (up to 0.024 yr−1). Both
regions observed their highest seasonal trends in summer (up to 0.031 yr−1). On the other hand, declining DOD trends are encountered in the
western (down to −0.015 yr−1) and eastern (down to −0.023 yr−1) Sahara, the Bodélé Depression (down to −0.021 yr−1), the Thar
(down to −0.017 yr−1) and Gobi (down to −0.011 yr−1) deserts, and the
Mediterranean Basin (down to −0.009 yr−1). In spring, the most
negative seasonal trends are recorded in the Bodélé Depression (down to
−0.038 yr−1) and Gobi Desert (down to −0.023 yr−1), whereas they are in the
western (down to −0.028 yr−1) and the eastern Sahara (down to −0.020 yr−1) and the Thar Desert (down to −0.047 yr−1) in summer. Over the
western and eastern sector of the Mediterranean Basin, the most negative
seasonal trends are computed at summer (down to −0.010 yr−1) and
spring (down to −0.006 yr−1), respectively. The effect of DOD on the
total aerosol optical depth (AOD) change is determined by calculating the
DOD-to-AOD trend ratio. Over the Sahara the median ratio values range
from 0.83 to 0.95, whereas in other dust-affected areas (Arabian Peninsula,
southern Mediterranean, Thar and Gobi deserts) the ratio value is approximately
0.6. In addition, a comprehensive analysis of the factors affecting the
sign, the magnitude and the statistical significance of the calculated
trends is conducted. Firstly, the implications of the implementation of the
geometric mean instead of the arithmetic mean for trend calculations are
discussed, revealing that the arithmetic-based trends tend to overestimate
compared to the geometric-based trends over both land and ocean. Secondly,
an analysis interpreting the differences in trend calculations under
different spatial resolutions (fine and coarse) and time intervals is
conducted.
An unmanned aerial vehicle sampling platform for atmospheric water vapor isotopes in polar environments
Authors: Rozmiarek Kevin S. , Vaughn Bruce H. , Jones Tyler R. , Morris Valerie , Skorski William B. , Hughes Abigail G. , Elston Jack , Wahl Sonja , Faber Anne-Katrine , Steen-Larsen Hans Christian
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Above polar ice sheets, atmospheric water vapor exchange
occurs across the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and is an important
mechanism in a number of processes that affect the surface mass balance of
the ice sheets. Yet, this exchange is not well understood and has
substantial implications for modeling and remote sensing of the polar
hydrologic cycle. Efforts to characterize the exchange face substantial
logistical challenges including the remoteness of ice sheet field camps,
extreme weather conditions, low humidity and temperature that limit the
effectiveness of instruments, and dangers associated with flying manned
aircraft at low altitudes. Here, we present an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)
sampling platform for operation in extreme polar environments that is
capable of sampling atmospheric water vapor for subsequent measurement of
water isotopes. This system was deployed to the East Greenland Ice-core
Project (EastGRIP) camp in northeast Greenland during summer 2019. Four
sampling flight missions were completed. With a suite of atmospheric
measurements aboard the UAV (temperature, humidity, pressure, GPS) we
determine the height of the PBL using online algorithms, allowing for
strategic decision-making by the pilot to sample water isotopes above and
below the PBL. Water isotope data were measured by a Picarro L2130-i
instrument using flasks of atmospheric air collected within the nose cone of
the UAV. The internal repeatability for δD and δ18O was
2.8 ‰ and 0.45 ‰, respectively,
which we also compared to independent EastGRIP tower-isotope data. Based on
these results, we demonstrate the efficacy of this new UAV-isotope platform
and present improvements to be utilized in future polar field campaigns. The
system is also designed to be readily adaptable to other fields of study,
such as measurement of carbon cycle gases or remote sensing of ground
conditions.
SMOS L-VOD shows that post-fire recovery of dense forests is slower than what is depicted with X- and C-VOD and optical indices
Authors: Bousquet Emma , Mialon Arnaud , Rodriguez-Fernandez Nemesio , Mermoz Stéphane , Kerr Yann Henry
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Anthropogenic climate change is now considered to be one of the main factors causing an increase in both frequency and severity of wildfires. These fires are prone to release substantial quantities of CO2 in the atmosphere and to destroy natural ecosystems while reducing biodiversity. Depending on the ecosystem and climate regime, fires have distinct triggering factors and impacts. To better analyse and describe fire impact on different biomes, we investigated pre and post fire vegetation anomalies at global scale. The study was performed using several remotely sensed quantities ranging from optical vegetation indices (the enhanced vegetation index (EVI)) to vegetation opacities obtained at several microwave wavelengths (X-band, C-band, and L-band vegetation optical depth (X-VOD, C-VOD, and L-VOD)), ranging from 2 to 20 cm. It was found that C- and X-VOD are mostly sensitive to fire over low vegetation areas (grass and small bushes) or over tree leaves; while L-VOD depicts better the fire impact on tree trunks and branches. As a consequence, L-VOD is probably a better way of assessing fire impact on biomass. The study shows that L-VOD can be used to monitor fire affected areas as well as post-fire recovery, especially over densely vegetated areas.
Variations in and environmental controls of primary productivity in the Amundsen Sea
Authors: Feng Jianlong , Li Delei , Zhang Jing , Zhao Liang
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The Amundsen Sea is one of the regions with the highest primary productivity in the Antarctic. To better understand the role of the Southern Ocean in the global carbon cycle and in climate regulation, a better understanding of the variations in and environmental controls of primary productivity is needed. Using cluster analysis, the Amundsen Sea was divided into nine bioregions. The biophysical differences among bioregions enhanced confidence to identify priorities and regions to study the temporal and spatial variations in primary productivity. Four nearshore bioregions with high net primary productivity or rapidly increasing rates were selected to analyze temporal and spatial variations in primary productivity in the Amundsen Sea. Due to changes in net solar radiation and sea ice, primary production had significant seasonal variation in these four bioregions. The phenology had changed at two bioregions (3 and 5), which has the third and fourth highest primary production, due to changes in the dissolved iron, nitrate, phosphate, and silicate concentrations. Annual primary production showed increasing trends in these four bioregions. The variation in primary production in the bioregion (9), which has the highest primary production, was mainly affected by variations in sea surface temperatures. In the bioregion, which has the second-highest primary production (8), the primary production was significantly positively correlated with sea surface temperature and significantly negatively correlated with sea ice thickness. The long-term changes of primary productivity in bioregions 3 and 5 were thought to be related to changes in the dissolved iron, nitrate, phosphate, and silicate concentrations, and dissolved iron was the limiting factor in these two bioregions. Bioregionalization not only disentangle multiple factors that control the spatial differences, but also disentangle limiting factors that affect the phenology, decadal and long-term changes in primary productivity.
JOANNE: Joint dropsonde Observations of the Atmosphere in tropical North atlaNtic meso-scale Environments
Authors: George Geet , Stevens Bjorn , Bony Sandrine , Pincus Robert , Fairall Chris , Schulz Hauke , Kölling Tobias , Kalen Quinn T. , Klingebiel Marcus , Konow Heike , Lundry Ashley , Prange Marc , Radtke Jule
Published: November 2021

Abstract. As part of the EUREC4A field campaign which took place over the tropical North Atlantic during January–February 2020, 1215 dropsondes from the HALO and WP-3D aircraft were deployed through 26 flights to characterize the thermodynamic and dynamic environment of clouds in the trade-wind regions. We present JOANNE (Joint dropsonde Observations of the Atmosphere in tropical North atlaNtic meso-scale Environments), the dataset that contains these dropsonde measurements and the products derived from them. Along with the raw measurement profiles and basic post-processing of pressure, temperature, relative humidity and horizontal winds, the dataset also includes a homogenized and gridded dataset with 10 m vertical spacing. The gridded data are used as a basis for deriving diagnostics of the area-averaged mesoscale circulation properties such as divergence, vorticity, vertical velocity and gradient terms, making use of sondes dropped at regular intervals along a circular flight path. A total of 85 such circles, ∼ 222 km in diameter, were flown during EUREC4A. We describe the sampling strategy for dropsonde measurements during EUREC4A, the quality control for the data, the methods of estimation of additional products from the measurements and the different post-processed levels of the dataset. The dataset is publicly available (https://doi.org/10.25326/246, George et al., 2021b) as is the software used to create it (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4746312, George, 2021).
Ice Algae Model Intercomparison Project phase 2 (IAMIP2)
Authors: Hayashida Hakase , Jin Meibing , Steiner Nadja S. , Swart Neil C. , Watanabe Eiji , Fiedler Russell , Hogg Andrew McC. , Kiss Andrew E. , Matear Richard J. , Strutton Peter G.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Ice algae play a fundamental role in shaping
sea-ice-associated ecosystems and biogeochemistry. This role can be
investigated by field observations; however the influence of ice algae at
the regional and global scales remains unclear due to limited spatial and
temporal coverage of observations and because ice algae are typically not
included in current Earth system models. To address this knowledge gap, we
introduce a new model intercomparison project (MIP), referred to here as the
Ice Algae Model Intercomparison Project phase 2 (IAMIP2). IAMIP2 is built
upon the experience from its previous phase and expands its scope to global
coverage (both Arctic and Antarctic) and centennial timescales (spanning the
mid-20th century to the end of the 21st century). Participating
models are three-dimensional regional and global coupled sea-ice–ocean
models that incorporate sea-ice ecosystem components. These models are
driven by the same initial conditions and atmospheric forcing datasets by
incorporating and expanding the protocols of the Ocean Model Intercomparison
Project, an endorsed MIP of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6). Doing so provides more robust estimates of model bias and
uncertainty and consequently advances the science of polar marine
ecosystems and biogeochemistry. A diagnostic protocol is designed to enhance
the reusability of the model data products of IAMIP2. Lastly, the
limitations and strengths of IAMIP2 are discussed in the context of
prospective research outcomes.
Feedback mechanisms between precipitation and dissolution reactions across randomly heterogeneous conductivity fields
Authors: Edery Yaniv , Stolar Martin , Porta Giovanni , Guadagnini Alberto
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Our study investigates interplays between dissolution, precipitation, and transport processes taking place across randomly heterogeneous
conductivity domains and the ensuing spatial distribution of preferential pathways. We do so by relying on a collection of computational analyses of
reactive transport performed in two-dimensional systems where the (natural) logarithm of conductivity is characterized by various degrees of spatial
heterogeneity. Our results document that precipitation and dissolution jointly take place in the system, with the latter mainly occurring along
preferential flow paths associated with the conductivity field and the former being observed at locations close to and clearly separated from
these. High conductivity values associated with the preferential flow paths tend to further increase in time, giving rise to a self-sustained
feedback between transport and reaction processes. The clear separation between regions where dissolution or precipitation takes place is imprinted
onto the sample distributions of conductivity which tend to become visibly left skewed with time (with the appearance of a bimodal behavior at some
times). The link between conductivity changes and reaction-driven processes promotes the emergence of non-Fickian effective transport features. The
latter can be captured through a continuous-time random-walk model where solute travel times are approximated with a truncated power law probability
distribution. The parameters of such a model shift towards values associated with increasingly high non-Fickian effective transport behavior as
time progresses.
Recognizing Caregiving Fatigue in the Pandemic: Notes on Aging, Burden and Social Isolation in Emilia-Romagna, Italy
Authors: Diodati Francesco
Published: November 2021

In Italy, the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated lockdowns have provoked potentially serious short and long-term consequences for older people with serious health conditions as well as their family caregivers. With the closure of adult day-care centres and the suspension of private homecare services, families have needed to rearrange care activities and many are concerned about the situation of their relatives in residential homes. This article examines interpretations of aging and caregiving fatigue during the first period of national lockdown in Emilia-Romagna, Italy. The relation between old age, lockdown, and social isolation, with respect to global ideas and rhetoric, focuses on vulnerability, individual autonomy, and caregiving fatigue. I examine how the representation of the ‘burden’ of caregiving in late age shaped the media depictions, and I analyze it in relation to the meanings of fatigue attached to narrations from family caregivers and the members of a local Alzheimer’s Café. I also focus on the life story of one family caregiver to critique the idealized vision of family care that was reproduced during the pandemic. I argue that the recognition of aging and caregiving fatigue during the lockdown reflected pre-existing normative models and structural inequalities of family care rather than radically altering them.
Diferenciação como estratégia: um estudo de caso da Apple
Authors: Gomes Isabelly Borborema , Fontgalland Isabel Lausanne
Published: November 2021

A Apple Inc. é uma das maiores empresas de tecnologia de nosso tempo e responsável por diversos produtos que insurgiram nas relações contemporâneas sociedade e  tecnologia de informação digital. Com foco em uma estratégia de inovação tecnológica, constante e forte diferenciação de produtos, a Apple investe de maneira expressiva em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (P&D), tendo por diferencial competitivo a inovação em tecnologia de informação (T.I). O presente trabalho tem por objetivo geral entender e enquadrar a estratégia comercial da Apple como uma estratégia defensiva, através da MEC- metodologia de estudo de caso, onde se delineou o entendimento de toda a discussão em tela. Como resultados é imprescindível assinalar a inversão massiva em novos produtos e processos, serviços após venda e desenvolvimento de matriz suprimentos, alavancados por mudanças de não mais de dois anos.
Evolução industrial: o caso da fusão de uma empresa do setor alimentício
Authors: Barros Moisés Carlos Muniz , Fontgalland Isabel Lausanne
Published: November 2021

A Sadia, grande empresa no ramo frigorífico do Brasil, tem sua criação no ano de 1944 em Concórdia no estado de Santa Catarina, empresa familiar e desde então seu desenvolvimento foi notório pela sua história no Brasil. Através de investimentos, modernização e higiene de suas atividades no ramo alimentício a empresa desenvolveu nacionalmente quando ocorreu assim a fusão com a Perdigão em 2008, outra grande empresa no mesmo setor, formando assim a Brasil Foods - BRF, expandindo-se para 140 países entre eles o Oriente Médio, Europa, Extremo Oriente, América Latina e África.  O presente estudo de caso tem por objetivo apresentar a criação e o desenvolvimento da empresa como também a sua importância para o desenvolvimento da indústria alimentícia no nosso país.
Aprender para resignificar, resignificar para aprender: el caso del fomento de una educación bilingüe para las comunidades de San Juan Chamula, Chiapas, México
Authors: Hernández Sánchez Martina
Published: November 2021

Este trabajo revela los problemas, retos, desafíos y contradicciones de los maestros indígenas del municipio de Chamula, del Estado de Chiapas, México, durante sus prácticas en las aulas en el nivel de educación primaria. Asimismo, da cuenta de cómo un grupo de docentes organizados, desde el proyecto Milpas Educativas, hacen un esfuerzo por llevar una educación distinta basada en el Método Inductivo Intercultural acuñado por Jorge Gasché, en el que plantea un proceso pedagógico significativo para la alfabetización en la lengua de la comunidad, articulando la pedagogía con una posición política, didáctica, jurídica y pertinente.

Tsos-k’op

Li amtel lie chal sventa sk’oplal, k’uyepal k’opetik oy yu unik li a’k chan junetik tas lumal chamoetik, tas lumal Chiapas, México, ja’ no ox tok li chanjunetik ta primaria. Oy la uni jun chop ta ak’ chanjunetik ta las pasik jun a’mtelal ti lek la ta nopesel xchiuk la ja oy jun winik ti snaoj smelolal k’uselan ta nopel, schanuptasel ta ololetik taj lumaltik, ja suy “nopesel ta choptik”, ti oyuk smelolal li k’uselan stak ak’el ta a chanop jun ololetike, jech stok taj am’tele ja la yich’oj tas venta Jorge Gasché, taj  winike ja staoj ta  to ku’lanel, yiloj ti lek ta am’telanel tas stojolal ti ololetik, yu un las tok’olanik tis melolal k’uslejal chanjun taj lumaltik.  Cha al toj ep sk’oplal taj am’te le, oy smelolal ja’ no’ox sk’an ta nopesel.
Desobediência epistêmica: nuances de um movimento do lado de cá
Authors: Lima Sélvia Carneiro de , Cardoso Ludmila Stival
Published: November 2021

Este texto objetiva discutir algumas formas de resistência indígena, particularmente, a literatura e a Utopia Chixi como alternativas de questionamento frente a lógica linear, vazia e dominadora do sistema-mundo moderno, colonial e ocidental que se impôs de forma violenta a partir da invasão das Américas, no século XVI. Para tanto, procura-se realizar uma discussão sobre o estabelecimento desse sistema-mundo no contexto em destaque e mostrar suas permanências na contemporaneidade, assim como, a re-existência indígena a partir dessas duas propostas de luta. Literatura e Utopia Chixi são aqui discutidas não como elementos excludentes, mas como possibilidades, nuances nesse confronto secular entre discursos e formas de vida diversas. Por isso, esse texto se apresenta como um primeiro apontamento na discussão a que se propõe, o que significa dizer que almejamos levantar o debate e instigar as discussões acerca das possibilidades e formas de resistência indígena frente a um projeto totalizante de domínio, simbolizado pelo sistema-mundo moderno, colonial e ocidental, de viés capitalista que se instituiu e agregou as Américas a parir do século XVI e que prossegue sob nova roupagem, mas baseado nos mesmos elementos estruturais: dominação territorial, progresso e desenvolvimento.
Histórias da Covid-19: reflexões sobre violências desveladas na pandemia e o potencial das plantas-pessoas-espíritos
Authors: Pimentel da Silva Maria do Socorro , Herbetta Alexandre , Pocuhto Taís , Guajajara Cintia , Jukureakireu Boe Antônio , Waura Asariku , Kayabi Muni , Kemenha Mehinaku , Yudjà José , Krikati Clarice , Eibajiwu Agostinho , Kayabi Makatu , Karajá Umya
Published: November 2021

Apresentamos percepções indígenas e não indígenas acerca do avanço da pandemia de Covid-19 em territórios originários. Da mesma forma, refletimos a partir de perspectivas originárias acerca do que se passa no mundo, dando destaque para o caráter das políticas públicas indigenistas e das práticas comunitárias originárias. Por fim, problematizamos a questão da disjunção entre natureza e pessoas na visão ocidental, focando na falta de espiritualidade presente nas práticas e condutas não indígenas.
QUESTÕES DE GÊNERO NA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA ESCOLAR: uma análise nas zonas distritais de Rio Grande-RS
Authors: Mortola Dias Thais , Ernst Frizzo Giovanni Felipe
Published: November 2021

Objetivamos nesse trabalho analisar como as questões de gênero são tratadas nas aulas de Educação Física (EF) da rede municipal de ensino da cidade de Rio Grande – RS, além de identificar o posicionamento dos professores e professoras sobre a temática gênero ser trabalhada nas aulas de EF. Para tanto, realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa de cunho exploratório/descritivo. Percebemos que a escola ainda é um espaço que segrega e diferencia, visto que os estereótipos, as opressões, divisões e diferenciações entre os gêneros ali estão presentes. Constatamos os pró-discussão e os contra discussão, dois grupos distintos que se formaram quando os professores e as professoras ponderaram sobre a temática gênero ser tratada nas aulas de EF.
Еще раз о валах на Керченском п-ове и их датировках (к статье А.А. Супренкова «Предварительные результаты разведок на валах восточного Крыма в 2019 г.»)
Authors: Ермолин Александр Леонидович
Published: November 2021

В статье ставится вопрос о датировке древней архитектуры и оборонительных валов Тиритакского, Безкровного и Узунларского. На основании археологических изысканий и раскопок, проведенных Керченской археологической экспедицией в 2000-е гг., предложен план и линия оборонительных сооружений. Кроме того, на основании археологических данных можно сделать вывод, что, помимо этой оборонительной военной архитектуры, существовала еще неизвестная ранее линия обороны – Восточная линия обороны. В течение 2016–2019 гг. были заново исследованы все оборонительные сооружения – рвы и валы – на Керченском п-ове под руководством А.А. Супренкова. В статье приводится критика многих выводов археолога.
A new locality record of Orissa Cricket Frog, Fejervarya orissaensis (Dutta, 1997) from Purba Medinipur District, West Bengal State, India
Authors:   Coastal Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Egra S.S.B. College, Egra, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal 721429, India, Mahapatra Ardhendu Das , Deuti Kaushik ,   Zoological Survey of India, Herpetology Division, 27 JL Nehru Road, Kolkata 700016, India, Bera Santosh Kumar ,   Coastal Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Egra S.S.B. College, Egra, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal 721429, India, Ghorai Sudipta Kumar ,   Coastal Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Egra S.S.B. College, Egra, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal 721429, India
Published: November 2021

Orissa Cricket Frog Fejervarya orissaensis was first describe by Dutta (1997). Later this species reported from only few pockets of eastern India and recently reported from some countries of South-east Asia. Here, we provide the first occurrence report for this species from State West Bengal, India.
Creating Urban Green Spaces (UGS) in Educational Institutions: A pilot project in Gurudas College, Kolkata-700054, West Bengal, India
Authors:   Department of Botany, Gurudas College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, De Mitu , Pahari Goutam Kumar ,   Department of Botany, Gurudas College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, Das Ripan Chandra ,   Department of Botany, Gurudas College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Published: November 2021

Urban green spaces (UGS) supply ecosystem services such as biodiversity, climate regulation and other benefits. Urban green spaces are essential for the quality of life, health, and wellbeing of citizens. Urban green spaces provide a habitat for both flora and fauna. Creating herbal garden(s) or gardens with ornamental plants within the campus is a great way of increasing the green space in a campus. Not only does it help in conserving biodiversity it provides an opportunity to the students to know about their local plant genetic resources. This paper is a based on a pilot project in Gurudas College where faculty and students members of the NSS and Vasudha units increased the green space in the college campus. They created a medicinal garden and also helped in maintaining the ornamental garden.
Diverse role of Macrophytes in aquatic ecosystems: A brief review
Authors:   Department of Botany, Gurudas College, Kolkata-54, India, De Mitu , Roy Chayanika ,   Department of Zoology, Rammohan College, Kolkata-09, India, Medda Suchismita ,   M.R.K.C. Balika Vidyalaya, Domjhur, Howrah, India, Roy Sulagna ,   Department of Botany, Shantipur College, Nadia, India, Dey Santi Ranjan ,   Department of Zoology, Rammohan College, Kolkata-09, India
Published: November 2021

The aquatic ecosystem is composed of aquatic flora and fauna which interact together in maintaining the aquatic ecosystem. Aquatic macrophytes are macroscopic forms of aquatic vegetation, including macro algae, mosses, ferns and angiosperms found in aquatic habitat. Macrophytes of freshwater ecosystems have diverse roles to play in the structure and functioning of these aquatic ecosystems. The depth, density, diversity and types of macrophytes present in a system are indicators of water body health. Aquatic vegetation can influence the water quality too. Macrophytes are considered as an important component of the aquatic ecosystem as the habitat and food source for aquatic life. Of all the biological treatments for controlling eutrophication, submerged macrophytes, has been recognized as being the most effective. This paper is a brief review of the diverse role of macrophytes in an aquatic ecosystem.
Occhio… alla chemosi congiuntivale
Authors: Puma Andrea , Pecoraro Luca , Dalle Carbonare Luca , Flore Alice , Piacentini Giorgio , Pietrobelli Angelo
Published: November 2021

A 4-year-old boy presented with a sudden swelling in his right eye associated with itch, unilateral tearing and presence of jelly-like oedema in the bulbar conjunctiva. The diagnosis was conjunctival chemosis. Conjunctival chemosis is the oedematous imbibition of the tissues underlying the bulbar conjunctiva that determines the jelly-like swelling from the eyeball. It is an unspecific sign of eye inflammation that in most cases is ascribable to allergic diathesis or viral or bacterial infections. The diagnosis is clinic and therapy should be targeted to the treatment of its trigger.
Granuloma anulare profondo
Authors: Potka Anisa
Published: November 2021

The author describes the case of a three-year-old girl presenting with a firm, painless retroauricular swelling finally diagnosed as deep granuloma annulare.
Bazı ‘Bursa Siyahı’ İncir Klonlarının Yalova Koşullarındaki Performansları
Authors: Aktepe Tangu Nesrin , Şen Arzu , Kargıcak Mehmet Ali , Türkay Cengiz
Published: November 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, standart ‘Bursa Siyahı’ incir çeşidinden daha kaliteli, verimli, çatlamaya eğilimi daha az olan, üstün özellikteki klonların performanslarının belirlenerek üretime kazandırılmasıdır. Çalışma kapsamında 2002-2006 yılları arasında yapılan seleksiyon çalışmasında seçilen 8 adet klon ile Atatürk Bahçe Kültürleri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsünde deneme bahçesi kurulmuş ve 2006-2014 yılları arasında yürütülmüştür. Yalova koşullarında klonlara ait meyve ağırlığı değerleri 95-126 g arasında, SÇKM oranları ise %16.55 ile %18.38 arasında değişmiştir. Çatlama oranları açısından bütün klonlar standart çeşitten daha iyi performans göstermiştir. 2014 yılı sonunda yapılan tartılı derecelendirme yöntemi sonucunda BS-1003, BS-0021 ve BS-0022 no.lu klonlar üstün özellikli klonlar olarak belirlenmişlerdir. BS-1003 klonu 2018 yılında ‘Dürdane 1003’ olarak tescil edilmiştir.
THE “HIDDEN“ ROLE OF THE STATE IN DIFFERENT APPROACHES ON COMPETITIVENESS (THEORETICAL COMPARISON)
Authors: Dobreva Hristina
Published: November 2021

From the perspective of political science the paper is a comparative overview of some of the main approaches on competitiveness. The focus is on their strengths and weaknesses in the explanation of the role of the government. Yet the paper compares some of the more recent authors as Porter, Reich, Thurow, Ohmae and Strange. The implication is that government intervention is still needed to provide both sustainable competitiveness (Strange) (modesty as opposed to resource depletion) and social adjustment (jobs) to innovation in the long-term dynamic picture (Porter) because government is still at the basis of the welfare pyramid (Thurow). I start with the authors’ assumptions and proceed with their view on the role of the government to conclude that this role is underestimated in the social and overestimated in the business sphere.
ENHANCEMENT OF THE NATIONAL DEFENCE POSTURE BY USING THE MILITARY POWER
Authors: Pușcașu Gigel , Eparu Dorin
Published: November 2021

The development of a national defence enhanced posture is a fundamental requirement in line with the developments of the current and possible future security environment, as well as regards the commitments made at North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and European Union (EU) level in relation with the development of capabilities and contributions to missions and operations. Romanian Army prepares, integrates at national level and, if necessary, makes use, in accordance with the law, of all available resources. While peacekeeping or peace-building operations are presented in the various defence and national security strategies as the last resort, the last option after all other measures have been actively explored, it remains in the eyes of public opinion and policy makers the first face of the armed forces, the heart of the profession of soldier. The conventional deterrence has always existed – if vis pacem para bellum. Two main mechanisms can discourage a potential opponent. The first is the threat of retaliation, also known as deterrence by punishment. The second mechanism consists in persuading him of the impossibility, or at least of great practical difficulty, of achieving his immediate objectives, thus prompting him to give up not for fear of the consequences of his action, but due to his low chances of success. The guarantee of sovereignty, independence and state unity, the territorial integrity of the country and constitutional democracy is the most fundamental task of the armed forces. It is, after all, the primary role of defending the land of the homeland when it is threatened. The most obvious expression of that is the concept of ensuring the capacity to implement defence plans drawn up at national level.
LINGUISTIC POLICY AND THE SECURING OF NATIONAL IDENTITY IN TODAY’S SOCIETY. THE UKRAINIAN CASE
Authors: HLIHOR Ecaterina
Published: November 2021

Our study takes into consideration the consequences of the linguistic legislation adopted by Kiev in recent years in order to secure the identity of the existing national minorities. It also tackles the potential conflicts between the Ukraine and its neighbouring states with regard to the observing of the cultural rights of the minority groups. The issue of the use of regional languages fits into the category of the highly ideological and politicized matters in the Ukraine.
ideias iniciais de Clausius sobre entropia e suas possíveis contribuições à formação de professores
Authors: Aurani Katya Margareth
Published: November 2021

Através da análise dos resultados de Carnot publicados em 1824, Clausius estabelece as duas leis da termodinâmica e a definição formal da entropia, em 1867. Mostramos que o ponto de partida de Clausius foi uma suposição que é desconhecida atualmente; segundo ele existiria nos ciclos reversíveis uma equivalência das transformações. Ele elaborou sua suposição inicial em forma de um teorema, que ele chamou de “teorema da equivalência das transformações”. Quantificando essa equivalência,no ciclo reversível,ele estabeleceu inicialmente valores equivalentes para as transformações que hoje reconhecemos como sendo os valores da entropia associados às transformações. A equivalência das transformações constitui uma compreensão original do conceito de entropia por Clausius,que é totalmente coerente com o quadro conceitual moderno da termodinâmica. Discutimos algumas contribuições dessas concepções para a formação de professores, e alguma ideias de Amélia I. Hamburger, e de Michael R. Matthews, sobre a utilização da história e filosofia da ciência na formação de professores.
formação médica de José Vieira de Faria Aragão Ataliba em Portugal
Authors: Silva Ana Lícia de Melo , Oliveira Almir Leal de
Published: November 2021

Este artigo trata da formação universitária de José Vieira de Faria Aragão Ataliba (1804-1853), médico e professor da Faculdade Medicina da Bahia no século XIX. A investigação fundamentada na educação comparada e na história das ciências foi resultado de pesquisas em arquivos e bibliotecas em Coimbra e Lisboa. A pesquisa documental está inserida no gênero biográfico modal com recorte temporal de 1820-1827. As fontes foram constituídas por periódicos, registros acadêmicos e memórias do sujeito. Elas permitiram compreender como determinados costumes, hábitos culturais e científicos foram adquiridos por Ataliba que, posteriormente, contribuiu com propostas de higienização urbana na Bahia.
Enciclopedismo, distinção profissional e modernidade nas ciências matemáticas brasileiras (1808-1930)
Authors: Siqueira Rogério Monteiro de
Published: November 2021

Após retrospecto sobre a recente historiografia das ciências matemáticas que se ocupa das práticas matemáticas no Brasil do século XIX e começo do XX, argumentamos que há pelo menos dois momentos distintos no período. No começo do século XIX, as práticas matemáticas estão fortemente ligadas a uma espécie de ilustração brasileira, onde as matemáticas compõem com a medicina, as letras, e as engenharias uma constelação de saberes inseparáveis, o que se costuma chamar de enciclopedismo. Aqui, a matemática é artigo de distinção social da elite ilustrada. No final do período, não mais instrumento dessa elite, vê-se as ciências matemáticas sendo objeto de distinção profissional: ora elas são acessórios das práticas de engenharia, ora são convocadas como objetos autônomos e desinteressados por parte de engenheiros-cientistas.
História das ciências e educação científica em uma perspectiva discursiva
Authors: Alvim Márcia Helena , Zanotello Marcelo
Published: November 2021

As relações entre história das ciências e ensino de ciências são objeto de análise e discussão de historiadores e especialistas em educação científica há algumas décadas e, desta reflexão, se apresenta como consenso a proficuidade destas relações. Neste estudo teórico, buscamos construir uma proposta que privilegia os aspectos culturais relativos às ciências em seu ensino. Para tanto, analisamos possíveis contribuições que um diálogo efetivo entre a recente corrente historiográfica associada à história cultural das ciências e a educação em ciências pode gerar, com vistas à formação de um cidadão reflexivo e crítico, utilizando a análise do discurso em sua vertente francesa como dispositivo analítico para considerarmos a produção de sentidos nessa perspectiva.