bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH PEMBAKARAN CANGKANG KELAPA SAWIT DALAM PEMBUATAN BATAKO
Authors: Ismail Muhammad Nur
Published: February 2021

The sand aggregates in Sukamara Regency in Central Kalimantan have fine and uniform grain sizes. To improve the quality of these materials, it’s necessary try to provide additional materials from the waste burning oil palm shells formaking brick blocks.The research was by making bricks with certain treatments in several experimental groups 1SP:5Sand, 1SP:5Waste, 1SP:2.5Sand:2.5Waste, 1SP:2Sand:3Waste, 1SP:2Waste:3Sand, and control group1SP:5Sand for ratio. Testing the average unit weight of 1SP:5waste is 0.71kg and 1SP:5sand is 1.38kg. Batako with oil palm shell burning waste is 0.67kg lighter. The average compressive strength of mixed concrete blocks 1SP:2Sand:3Waste is 52.96kg/cm², 1SP:5Waste is 8.40kg/cm², and 1SP:5Sand is 16.67kg/cm². All bricks usea mixture of SP+Sand+Waste composition have greater strength than only use a mixture of SP+Sand and SP+Waste. Batako with mixture composition of 1SP:2Sand:3Waste is classified B1 quality. Batako with mixture composition of 1SP:2.5Sand:2.5Waste and 1SP:2Waste:3Sand is A1 quality, while for the mixture composition 1SP:5Sand and 1SP:5Waste doesn’t enter the quality the brick because average strength below 20kg/cm². The test for greatest compressive strength produced from bricks with a mixture of SP+Sand+Wastecomposition shows the conglomeration oil palm shell burning waste is good to be used as an added material in brick making.
PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI KONSTRUKSI BALOK SEDERHANA MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DIPADUKAN DENGAN METODE DRILL
Authors: Candri Windri Eka
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to improve the competence of calculating simple Block Construction through the Problem Based Learning Model Combined with the Drill Method. The implementation of this classroom action research consisted of two cycles (sycle I and cycle II) with each having two meetings. The choice of this title is based on the fact that the grades of Engineering Mechanics are low as evidenced by the student daily score. With the problem based Learning model combined with the Drll method, the competence of students increases in the competence of counting simple blocks.The results obtained showed that in first cycle, the student activeess aspect reached an average of 79 % (enough Active) and achievement of knowledge value was 38,2 % of competent students. In the second cycle, there was significant increase with student activeness increasing to an average of 87 % (Active), while the achievement of the knowledge score increased to 85,3 % of competent students
Postkolonial post-digital
Authors: Grünberger Nina
Published: February 2021

Aktuell werden Begriffe wie Digitalisierung, Mediatisierung, Medialisierung sowie Digitalität und Post-Digitalität viel diskutiert. Diese Diskurse werden vorrangig aus einer Perspektive des Globalen Nordens geführt. Dabei geht es häufig um die ‹sinnvolle› Integration (digitaler) Medien in Bildungskontexte und das transformierende Potential für Bildungsinstitutionen von Elementarpädagogik, über Schule bis Hochschule. Versuche der Begriffsbestimmungen von Digitalisierung, Mediatisierung oder auch Post-/Digitalität sind stark von der geopolitischen und sprachlichen Verortung geprägt. Doch die Kultur der Digitalität und die globale digitale Vernetzung der Welt, legen hinsichtlich bestimmter Fragen eine weltumspannende postkoloniale Perspektive nahe. Der vorliegende Beitrag versucht einen möglichen methodologischen Zugang zu einer weltumspannenden Medienpädagogik zu skizzieren und handelt dies entlang ökologischer Implikationen der Ubiquität digitaler Technologie und eines ökologisch-nachhaltigeren Medienhandelns ab. Dem ist eine Begriffsklärung zu Digitalität und Post-Digitalität vorangestellt. Der Beitrag schlägt einen interdisziplinären Zugang vor, der medienpädagogische und medienwissenschaftliche Überlegungen sowie «Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung» und Postcolonial Studies einbezieht. Daraus ergeben sich medienpädagogische Anschlussstellen und Forschungsfelder.
Role of Internet Accessibility in Reducing the Poverty rates in Java; a Spatial Approach
Authors: Hidayat Andhy , Prasetya Ferry , Wulandari Farah
Published: February 2021

The poverty reduction rate in Java was considered very low, thus requiring new strategies and policies, such as the improvement of internet accessibility. This study, using the 2018 National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) data, aimed to examine the role of internet accessibility to reduce poverty rates in Java through a spatial approach. The results showed that internet accessibility had a significant effect on the reduction of poverty rates in Java. It also found that the poverty rates in an area in Java were influenced by the types of works of household heads in the same location and the poverty rates in neighboring areas (spatial spillover effects). This study recommended that the Government, in reducing poverty rates, focuses on providing internet infrastructure and, more, on spatial aspects.
EDUKASI DAN IMPLEMENTASI PROTOKOL CLEAN HEALTH SAFETY ENVIRONTMENT MELALUI WE LOVE BALI KEMENPAREKFRAF PADA PROGRAM 10 SANUR – NUSA PENIDA – NUSA LEMBONGAN – SANUR
Authors: Lumanauw Nelsye
Published: February 2021

Edukasi dan implementasi protokol clean, healthy, safety, environment (CHSE) diselenggarakan oleh Kemenparekraf melalui Program We Love Bali yang terdiri dari 12 program perjalanan, masing-masing berlangsung selama 3 hari 2 malam, ke berbagai obyek Daya Tarik Wisata (DTW) di Bali. Kemenparekraf menyusun panduan protokol CHSE di destinasi wisata melalui WLB pada program 10 dengan rute Sanur – Nusa Penida – Nusa Lembongan – Sanur, mencakup: kriteria peserta, panduan individu, protokol CHSE DTW, protokol CHSE hotel dan protokol CHSE Restoran. Panduan terhadap implementasi protokol CHSE tidak sepenuhnya dijalankan oleh para peserta dan penyedia jasa restoran maupun akomodasi. Bagaimana pelaksanaan edukasi dan implementasi protokol CHSE melalui program WLB pada program 10 merupakan tujuan dari penelitian ini.  Metode analisis deskriptif kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian untuk menganalisis dan mengevaluasi implementasi protokol kesehatan. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi langsung dengan menggunakan instrumen dokumen, pedoman wawancara dan kamera. Kesimpulan secara keseluruhan, edukasi dan implementasi protokol CHSE berjalan dengan baik dan tertib. Namun demikian, masih terjadi kelalaian terhadap panduan-panduan yang sudah diberikan, baik oleh peserta maupun pihak penyelenggara. Kesiapan DTW dalam menerima pengunjung juga harus mendapat perhatian khusus. Peningkatan kesadaran terhadap pentingnya melaksanakan protokol CHSE harus terus dipupuk, sehingga meminimalisir terjadinya kelalaian dan bisa memberi dampak positif di masing-masing lingkungan peserta.
Evaluation of medical faculty students' knowledge and attitudes about HPV infection and HPV vaccine
Authors: Ayazöz Yeşim , Cadirci Dursun
Published: February 2021

Background: Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is the most common
sexually transmitted viral disease. It was aimed to evaluate the
knowledge levels and attitudes of medical faculty students about HPV
infection and vaccine. Methods: Our descriptive cross-sectional study;
was made with the medical faculty students studying at the Harran
University Faculty of Medicine in the 2019-2020 academic year. A total
of 645 students were reached, excluding those who refused to participate
in the study and those who were not at the faculty or hospital for any
reason. Data were collected using a questionnaire method. NCSS 2007
program was used for statistical analysis. Results: 645 students were
included in this study ( 52.9% (n = 341) is male, 47.1% (n = 304) is
female, and average age of them is 21.46 ± 2.39 years). 75.3% of the
students stated that they have information about HPV infection. The HPV
infection knowledge level scores of the married were higher than the
singles (p = 0.005; p <0.01). 51.2% of the students stated
that they had knowledge about the HPV vaccine. HPV vaccine knowledge
level scores of women were compared to men (p = 0.019; p
<0.05); and the scores of married people were also higher than
singles (p = 0.016; p <0.05). Only 1.9% of the students had
the HPV vaccine. Conclusion: In our study, it was seen that the medical
faculty students’ knowledge about HPV infection and vaccine was not
sufficient, and the methods that should be used to provide more
effective education should be determined. We believe that it will be
beneficial to add the HPV vaccine to the national vaccine program in our
country.
Ethics of vaccination: measures used to inform SARS-CoV-2 vaccination priorities
Authors: Millar Mike , Gourtsoyannis Yannis , jayakumar Angelina
Published: February 2021

Proposals for SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccination priorities in the UK and in
many other countries are heavily influenced by epidemiological models,
which use outcome measures such as deaths or hospitalisation. Limiting
the values under consideration to those attributable to the direct
effects of infection has the advantage of simplifying the models and the
process of decision-making. However, the consequences of the pandemic
extend beyond outcomes directly attributable to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
The alternative to vaccination (in addition the threat of illness and
death) is restrictions on educational and work opportunities, access to
services, recreational activities, affiliations and relationships with
others, freedom of movement (including escaping abusive relationships),
and other determinants of human experience. Capability theory gives
emphasis to the freedoms that individuals have to express themselves (in
doings and beings). Restrictions on freedoms restrict our capabilities.
Capability theory has been used to provide a framework for the
evaluation and comparison of international development approaches and in
the evaluation of public health policy. There is a clustering of
disadvantages associated with this pandemic that adds to pre-existing
inequalities. Much of the disadvantage engendered in the SARS-CoV-2
pandemic is left out when public health policy is based on a limited
range of metrics. Acknowledging the impact of policy across the range of
human freedoms at both a national and international level has the
potential to improve policy, facilitate the mitigation of direct and
indirect adverse consequences, and improve public confidence in vaccine
deployment strategies.
Analytical solution of integro-differential equations describing the process of intense boiling of a superheated liquid
Authors: Alexandrova Irina , Ivanov Alexander , Alexandrov Dmitri
Published: February 2021

In this article, an approximate analytical solution of an
integro-differential system of equations is constructed, which describes
the process of intense boiling of a superheated liquid. The kinetic and
balance equations for the bubble-size distribution function and liquid
temperature are solved analytically using the Laplace transform and
saddle-point methods with allowance for an arbitrary dependence of the
bubble growth rate on temperature. The rate of bubble appearance
therewith is considered in accordance with the Dering-Volmer and
Frenkel-Zeldovich-Kagan nucleation theories. It is shown that the
initial distribution function decreases with increasing the
dimensionless size of bubbles and shifts to their greater values with
time.
Peningkatan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Biologi Sebagai Dampak Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Group Investigation
Authors: Subudi I Ketut
Published: February 2021

Paradigma pembelajaran yang masih berpusat pada guru berdampak pada rendahnya keaktifan dan hasil belajar biologi siswa. Salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran inovatif yang berpusat pada siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar biologi melalui penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Group Investigation (GI). Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang mengadaptasi model penelitian PTK dari Kemmis dan Taggart. Subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 32 orang siswa. Data aktivitas belajar dikumpulkan dengan lembar observasi dan rubrik penilaian, sedangkan data hasil belajar dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan tes objektif. Data dalam penelitian ini dianalisis dengan statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan aktivitas dan hasil belajar biologi siswa pada siklus II, skor klasikal rata-rata aktivitas belajar sebesar 14,8 dengan kategori aktif, dan skor klasikal rata-rata hasil belajar sebesar 81,7 dengan kategori baik. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model GI meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar biologi siswa.
Conectivivências: (im)possibilidades no contexto pandêmico e no que está por vir
Authors: Rocha Alessandra Fontes Carvalho da , Pereira Washington Kuklinski
Published: February 2021

O ano de 2020 foi totalmente atípico na educação e na convivência social no Brasil e no mundo. Transformações profundas na vivência da humanidade em meio à necessidade de isolamento social foi um grande desafio para o desenvolvimento educacional em todo o planeta nesse período. Plataformas digitais, redes sociais e diversos meios de atividades remotas passaram a fazer parte da realidade das tentativas de interações entre estudantes e professores.  Por isso, nesse trabalho temos como objetivo discutir as possibilidades e impossibilidades no contexto da educação pública na cidade do Rio de Janeiro durante a Pandemia do COVID-19. Para tanto, iremos refletir sobre algumas ações adotadas pela Secretaria Estadual de Educação (SEEDUC) e pela Secretaria Municipal de Educação (SME) bem como a dificuldade de acesso aos meios disponibilizados por parte de estudantes e professores.
To Study the Correlation of Serum Cholinesterase Level With Different Scoring Systems in Cirrhosis of the Liver
Authors: B S Jagadeesh , K Ravi , H R Avinash , Gurav Nitish Ashok
Published: February 2021

Background: Chronic liver disease in the clinical context is a disease process of the liver that involves a process of progressive destruction and regeneration of the liver parenchyma leading to fibrosis and cirrhosis1. The serum cholinesterase is mainly synthesized in the liver and it is released into the blood, which is reduced in liver dysfunction due to reduced synthesis, marked reduction of cholinesterase in liver dysfunction and restoration of synthesis with hepatocyte recovery suggest serum cholinesterase activity might be a more specific marker of liver dysfunction than traditional liver function tests. Objectives: To estimate the level of serum cholinesterase in patients with cirrhosis of the liver.
To correlate the level of serum cholinesterase with different scoring systems of cirrhosis of the liver and assess the utility of serum cholinesterase levels in prognostification. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, hospital-based, time-bound study conducted on 200 patients with cirrhosis of liver attending medicine OPD and getting admitted in hospitals attached to BMCRI from November 1st2016 to August 30th2018. All cirrhosis of liver patients were included and patients with Pregnancy, Acute infection, Chronic infection like tuberculosis and Oral contraceptive use were excluded. Serum cholinesterase, ultrasound abdomen, prothrombin Time, International Normalized Ratio, liver function test, Child-Pugh score, MELD score were measured. Results: In the study, the majority of the study subjects belonged to the age group 41 – 50 years (38.5%), followed by 31-40 years (21.5%), 51 – 60 years (18.5%). Sex distribution male 70% and female 30%. Serum Cholinesterase was positively correlated with Albumin and Prothrombin time and negatively correlated with MELD, Creatinine and Child-Pugh Score. The mean S. cholinesterase values found in study subjects belonged to Child-Pugh Score A, B and C were 4235.17 + 341.260, 3226.26 + 707.206 and 1764.09 + 808.797. The ANOVA results showed that there was a significant association found between child-pugh scores and S. cholinesterase (p – 0.001). Conclusion: The Study has demonstrated that the level of cholinesterase is correlated with the severity of the liver disease. Serum cholinesterase shows a good correlation with serum albumin, PT INR, Child-pugh score, MELD score. Compared to the above parameters serum cholinesterase is less complex and not easily affected by treatments for decompensated cirrhosis.
Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Program Desa/Kelurahan Tangguh Bencana di Kelurahan Kota Karang
Authors:   Universitas Lampung, Anditia Jane , Hermawan Dedy ,   Universitas Lampung, Meutia Intan Fitri ,   Universitas Lampung
Published: February 2021

About disaster management can result in many fatalities. One aspect in minimizing disaster impacts is disaster mitigation. Disaster mitigation as a way to increase community participation in reducing disaster risk. Therefore, BPBD established a disaster management program, namely the Tangguh Bencana Village program. Karang City is one of the villages that received assistance from the Tangguh Bencana Village program. This research aims to identify forms of community participation and the level of community participation in the Tangguh Bencana Village program. The method used in this research is descriptive research type with qualitative approach. Data collection is conducted using interviews, and documentation. The results of this study showed that the participation of the community of Kota Karang Village in the Tangguh Bencana Village program is quite good, because the community provides participation in the form of energy, and social. Furthermore, the level of community participation is still at the level of tokenism (pseudo participation) of the community has given its participation but in its implementation the decision is still in the hands of the government.
Työterveyshuollon etänä toteutettavan neuvonnan ja ohjauksen käyttöönottoa edistävät ja estävät tekijät
Authors: Karppi Marion , Koroma Johanna
Published: February 2021

Teknologiaa hyödyntämällä on mahdollista tarjota saavutettavia ja asiakaslähtöisiä työterveyshuollon tietojen annon, neuvonnan ja ohjauksen palveluita. Myös tarve etäpalveluille on kasvanut teknologian kehittymisen ja työterveyshuoltojen asiakasyritysten kansainvälistymisen myötä lisääntyneen mobiilin työn vuoksi. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää työterveyshuollon etänä toteutettavan tietojen annon, neuvonnan ja ohjauksen kehittämiseen ja käyttöönottoon liittyviä tekijöitä. Tutkimus toteutettiin kolmessa työterveyshuollossa vuosina 2016–2018. Tutkimus koostui työterveyshuoltojen neuvonnan ja ohjauksen nykykäytäntöjen määrittelystä sekä etänä toteutettavan neuvonnan ja ohjauksen yhteiskehittelystä, kokeiluista ja arvioinnista. Analyysissa hyödynnettiin realistisen arviointitutkimuksen menetelmää. Tulokset kuvaavat työterveyshuoltojen toimintaympäristöjä ja niissä syntyviä etäpalveluiden käyttöönottoa edistäviä ja estäviä tekijöitä. Tutkimus tuottaa tietoa työterveyshuollon etänä toteutettavan neuvonnan ja ohjauksen kehittämisen ja käyttöönoton tueksi.
Kirjatun työkykytiedon tärkeys ja hyödyllisyys työterveyshuollossa – kyselytutkimus työterveyshuollon ammattilaisille
Authors: Nissinen Sari Päivikki , Soini Satu , Hakulinen Hanna
Published: February 2021

Työurien pidentämisessä oleellista on, että työkyvyn heikkenemisen merkit havaitaan terveydenhuollossa mahdollisimman varhain, jotta työkyvyn tuen toimenpiteet voidaan aloittaa mahdollisimman oikea-aikaisesti. Tässä tärkeä rooli on potilastietojärjestelmillä, joiden hyödyntämiseen vaikuttaa, kuinka rakenteisesti tiedot on niihin kirjattu. Terveydenhuoltolain (1326/2010) mukaan kunnan on seurattava asukkaittensa terveyttä ja hyvinvointia sekä niihin vaikuttavia tekijöitä väestöryhmittäin. Keskeisessä asemassa siinäkin on tieto. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on selvittää työterveyshenkilöstön näkemyksiä työkykytiedon tärkeydestä ja hyödyllisyydestä potilastyössä, kirjaamistavasta potilastietojärjestelmässä sekä sopivuudesta valtakunnalliseksi väestötason seurantatiedoksi.

Tutkimusaineisto kerättiin joulukuussa 2019 sähköpostikyselyllä, joka sisälsi asenneväittämiä kirjattavista työkykytiedoista. Kysely lähetettiin 332 työterveyshuollon ammattilaiselle, joista kyselyyn vastasi 91 henkilöä.

Tärkeinä työkykytietoina pidettiin psyykkistä ja fyysistä suorituskykyä, työkyvyttömyysaikaa, potilaan ja ammattilaisten arvioita työkyvystä, työn kuormitustekijöitä sekä työhön paluun suunnitelmaa. Suurin osa vastaajista kertoi hyödyntävänsä työkykytietoja potilastyössään ja uskoi tietojen olevan hyödyllisiä myös muille potilasta hoitaville terveydenhuollon ammattilaisille. Työkykytiedoista sopivimpia kansallisiksi työkykyä kuvaaviksi seurantatiedoiksi olivat sairauden diagnoosi tai hoidon syy, terveysriski, työkyvyttömyysaika sekä potilaan ja ammattilaisen arviot työkyvystä. Potilastietojärjestelmissä yleisin kirjaamistapa työkykytiedoille oli vapaamuotoinen.

Tiedon hyödyntämisessä kaikki lähtee kirjaamisesta. Tiedon pitää olla yhtenäisesti määriteltyä ja rakenteista. Lisäksi potilastietojärjestelmien tulee mahdollistaa tiedon kirjaaminen mahdollisimman sujuvasti osana vastaanoton kulkua. Myös väestötasoista seurantaa varten tulisi tieto kerätä sieltä, missä se luonnollisesti syntyy osana asiakas- ja potilastyötä.
Chitosan Improves the Shelf Life of Domestic Chicken (Gallus gallus) Eggs against Staphylococcus aureus Contaminations
Authors: Gunasena G. D. D. K. , Jayashantha B. G. E. T. , Senevirathne D. G. N. S
Published: February 2021

In this study, in-vitro antibacterial activity of four different concentrations (0.00%, 0.05%, 0.10%, and 0.15% w/v%) of chitosan, a natural biopolymer, was tested against the foodborne pathogen Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 using well diffusion and colony counting methods. The organism showed the highest sensitivity to 1.50% chitosan, while the antibacterial effect was raised with increasing concentration of chitosan in the medium. Microbiological testing of randomly selected village chicken egg samples obtained from a market in Kiribathgoda, Sri Lanka revealed high cell counts of S. aureus greater than 5 log CFU/ mL, which exceeded the maximum accepted limit (3 log CFU/ g) that should be present in poultry based raw products according to SLS 1161:2003 guidelines, indicating a potential risk for presence of preformed Staphylococcal enterotoxins in these eggs. Therefore, a sample containing randomly selected, 90, six-pooled eggs from the same source was used to investigate the in-vivo antibacterial efficacy of 1.50% chitosan (coated on the surface of eggshells) against this pathogen. Both chitosan coated eggs and chitosan non-coated eggs (except raw eggs) were externally inoculated from ~ 5 log CFU/ mL of the bacterial inoculum and monitored for 28 days, where it showed a bacteriostatic activity with 4 log CFU/ mL and 3 log CFU/ mL fold growth reductions compared to chitosan non-coated eggs and raw eggs respectively. These experimental results suggest that chitosan coating is a promising method to protect the microbial quality and safety of domestic chicken eggs regarding S. aureus contaminations
Peer Teaching in Medical Education: Highlighting the Benefits and Challenges of Its Implementation
Authors: Sukrajh Verona , Adefolalu Adegoke Olusegun
Published: February 2021

Peer teaching is an educational strategy that embraces active learning, it explores the social dynamics and interactions as well as the communication and interpersonal skills that influence learning. Embedded within peer teaching as an educational strategy are several theories which promote active learning. It is very important to have a good understanding of the various philosophies underpinning the learning process, because of the numerous variables that have to be considered in order to make the implementation of peer teaching a successful exercise in the context of medical education. Based on the outcome of an extensive literature review together with field experience of the authors, the focus of the current paper will be to highlight the benefits and challenges that should be anticipated by medical educators who want to introduce peer teaching into their teaching and learning activities as part of innovation that would enhance active learning among their students.
A SARIMA and Adjusted SARIMA Models in a Seasonal Nonstationary Time Series; Evidence of Enugu Monthly Rainfall
Authors: Amaefula Chibuzo Gabriel
Published: February 2021

The paper compares SARIMA and adjusted SARIMA(ASARIMA) in a regular stationary series where the underlying variable is seasonally nonstationary.  Adopting empirical rainfall data and Box-Jenkins iterative algorithm that calculates least squares estimates, Out of 11 sub-classes of SARIMA and 7 sub-classes of ASARIMA models, AIC chose ASARIMA(2,1,1)12 over all sub-classes of SARIMA(p,0,q)x(P,1,Q)12 identified. Diagnostic test indicates absence of autocorrelation up to the 48th lag. The forecast values generated by the fitted model are closely related to the actual values. Hence, ASARIMA can be recommended for regular stationary time series with seasonal characteristics and where parameter redundancy and large sum of square errors are penalized.
Spin Interpreted as the Angular Momentum Curvature, Electron g-factor Interpreted as the Ratio of Toroidal Torsion and Curvature, Unlocking of the Fixed Planck Constant h – New Tests for Old Physics
Authors: Stávek Jiří
Published: February 2021

We have proposed several new rules for the description of events in the microworld. We have newly defined the interpretation of the quantum spin as the angular momentum curvature and defined the geometry of helixes and toroidal helixes of quantum particles. Some new properties of quantum particles can be experimentally tested. Based on this concept we have defined the electron g-factor as the ratio of the toroidal torsion and curvature and events between the electron and its coupling photon. From this model we have extracted the values of the fine-structure constant α and the Planck constant h. The comparison of these values with the latest experimental data reveals some possible circular arguments in the experimental determination – the so-called SI barrier created by the fixing of the SI constants (SI – International System of Units). We propose on the one side to analyze those possible circular arguments and on the other side to continue to develop new generations of instruments for getting one or two more significant figures of those values h and c. The predictions of this classical model could be compared with the best predictions of QED (quantum electrodynamics) for the fine-structure constant α.
The Political Economy of the Violence in Syria: An Impact-Based Analysis
Authors: Haruna Abdallah Imam
Published: February 2021

The civil war that has engulfed the Syrian Arab Republic, since March 2011, is set to unleash a lasting effect on both the political and socio-economic trajectories of the country. The country’s political and economic challenges would be in dire need of outside-the-box curatives long after the violence activities are over. In other words, the political economy of Syria would encounter a set of unparalleled interconnected difficulties that cannot be unriddled by a simple prescription of traditional textbook economic policies. Even though the Syrian economy was able to weather the global economic recession in 2008, it is apparent that, if the country wants to pull through future economic shocks while upholding both political and social stability it desires, then it needs to overhaul its administrative and economic structures. The country’s economy was already in dire difficulties long before the conflict. The most important foreign exchange earner of the country was oil, but production was in sharp decline. In the 1990s, oil output almost doubled. However, in 2002, it fell from a peak of 677,000 barrels per day. Again, only 327,000 bpd were produced in 2011. The civil war has killed over a million Syrians and displaced more than 5.5 million citizens of the country. The country’s economy slumped by over 80 percent from 2010 to 2019. The extreme violence that dominated the scene in Syria has shifted attention away from the deep structural transformations affecting the country’s economy and governance structures. Now that violence has considerably subsided, these are becoming more visible. Much has been written about the ethnic and sectarian divisions in the conflict in Syria. However, very little attention is given to its political economy, which is very crucial in understanding the taproots of the ongoing war. The contraction of the economy of the country and the emergence of a war economy have seriously affected the composition and stratification of the political economy of Syria. This study seeks to examine the political economy of the Syrian civil war, including the exposition of the conditions of the Syrian economy before and during the war, the changing dynamics of the war, and the roles of external players.
THE ANALYSIS OF DETERMINANT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN INDONESIA
Authors: Siomi Etsuco , Hermawan Wawan
Published: February 2021

The analysis results show that changes in macroeconomic conditions such as exchange rate, government expenditure and gross domestic product in Indonesia have a significant effect on foreign direct investment (FDI) Indonesia, while Inflation has a negative effect on foreign direct investment FDI and the monetary crisis has a negative effect on the development of FDI in Indonesia. So that the severe financial crisis in the American and European regions today, the impact on foreign direct investment (FDI) Indonesia is still within the limits of tolerance. Therefore, although there are still problems in the investment climate in Indonesia, the outlook for investment in Indonesia over the next period is still good, although perhaps with the growth of investment slows down.
THE ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND ITS AFFECTING FACTORS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Astuty Fuji
Published: February 2021

Foreign Direct Investment gave benefits in improving Indonesia's economics matters in Indonesia. Conseptually, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) more benefecial because no return to the investor such as debt in foreign country, beside Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in a country will be followed by transfer of technology, know-how, management skills, the risks of business was smaller and more profitable. However, the problem of global economic that occured affecting the development of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Indonesia decreased and the growth became slowly. Then domestic and global factors weren’t stable influencing the decrease Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Indonesia. Therefore, it’s needed to examine the factors influencing Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). This study aimed to know and analyze some factors affecting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Indonesia consisting gross domestic product, the level of real interest, exchange rates, labour produtivity, and exports. The affecting analysis be done in short-time by using Error Correction Mechanism = ECM technique. It was used time series data from 2000 to 2013 using Eviews 6.0. The type of data used was secondary data obtained from Indonesia Bank (BI), Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis and United Nations Economic Social Commision for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP). The results of this study showed that gross domestic product, the level of real interest, exchange rates, and labour productivity had positive affection significantly on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Indonesia. While the exports had negative affection significantly on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Indonesia. From determination coefficient (R2) showed that the variables explained 97.13 percent on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Indonesia while the rest 2.87 percent was explained by variables out of models (not studied).
THE EFFECT OF CONSUMPTION AND THE LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATE (LFPR) ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NORTH SUMATERA PROVINCE
Authors: Maipita Indra
Published: February 2021

North Sumatera Provincial Government in implementing regional autonomy and fiscal decentralization policies has tried to implement it based on the needs of each district/city so that a prosperous society is created. The prosperity achieved is not only reflected in high economic growth but is also supported by the fulfillment of realizable consumption needs and the abundant availability of reliable human resources. This study discusses the effect of two variables contained in fiscal decentralization, the level of public consumption and labor absorption on economic growth in North Sumatra. The method used by researchers is regression using panel data (pooled data) or called the panel data regression model. The estimation results show the regression coefficient of the CONS variable is -0.185883. This means that with each increase in CONS by 1 percent, economic growth will decrease by 0.18 percent and vice versa. The effect of the CONS variable on EG is negative and significant at the 95 percent confidence level and the estimation results show the regression coefficient of the Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) variable of 0.442641. This means that for each increase in LFPR by 1 percent, economic growth will increase by 0.44 percent and vice versa. The effect of the LFPR variable on PE is significant at the 95 percent confidence level.
Creencias de la capacidad preventiva de la Ivermectina para COVID-19 en personas de una zona rural
Authors: Arévalo-Ipanaque Janet Mercedes , Muñoz Garay Dora Clarisa , Lévano Bautista Fabricio Alonso , Dagnino Guzmán Flavio Paolo
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Abordar las creencias del efecto de Ivermectina veterinaria 1% vía oral como preventivo del COVID -19 en personas de una zona rural. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo fenomenológico, con una muestra obtenidapor saturación, compuesta de diez personas adultas residentes de una comunidad rural, seleccionadas de forma accidental en el momento que acudían al lugar donde expenden ivermectina 1% de uso veterinario, a quienes se aplicó la entrevista semiestructurada.Resultados: La información en torno a las creencias fue agrupada en tres categorías: angustia e inicio de la enfermedad en la zona, conciencia - búsqueda de la prevención y creencia - confianza - no molestia.Conclusión: La creencia que tiene la población sobre el efecto preventivo de la ivermectina veterinaria para la infección por COVI-19, ocasiona que la tomen mensualmente de forma voluntaria e individual, refiriendo que con su consumo no presentan molestias y conservan la salud.
Novel coronavirus disease 2019 and combined autoimmune neutropenia and thrombocytopenia: a case report
Authors: Rizvi Munaza , Medar Shivanand
Published: February 2021

Background: Combined autoimmune neutropenia (AIN) and immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a rare disease that can present as extremely low neutrophil count and platelet count, respectively [1].
Case Presentation: We describe the first case, to the authors knowledge, of the novel SARS CoV-2 infection and combined AIN and ITP in a healthy 27-year-old male.
Conclusion: Viruses have been known to trigger autoimmune diseases in people with genetic predisposition. We speculate that the patients selective IgM deficiency predisposed him to have autoimmune cytopenia, and SARS-COV-2 triggered him to acquire combined AIN and ITP. Our hypothesis is supported by a lack of evidence of malignancy, a normal morphology on the smear, and an immediate response to IVIG infusion with significant improvement in platelet and neutrophilic count.
Implikacje długu publicznego dla polskiej gospodarki XXI wieku
Authors: Pach Janina
Published: February 2021

Dług publiczny, będący w dużej mierze konsekwencją deficytów budżetowych, jest zjawiskiemdosyć powszechnie występującym na świecie. Wiąże się to z odejściem w polityce budżetowejkrajów od fundamentalnej zasady równowagi budżetowej.Kryzys z 2008 roku potwierdził jednak, że dług publiczny może stanowić poważne zagrożenie bezpieczeństwafinansowego kraju, jego wzrostu i rozwoju gospodarczego. Wynika to z faktu, iż z długiempublicznym wiążą się koszty jego obsługi oraz szereg ryzyk, takich jak: ryzyko kredytowe, ryzykopłynności, ryzyko refinansowania itp.Artykuł jest próbą odpowiedzi na następujące pytania badawcze: Co to jest deficyt budżetowy oraz jaka jest jego natura? Jakie są istota i źródła długu publicznego? Jakie są granice długu publicznego w teorii i praktyce gospodarczej? Kiedy i dlaczego dług publiczny staje się zagrożeniem dla gospodarki kraju? Jaka jest wielkość i struktura długu publicznego Polski? Na czym polega zarządzanie długiem publicznym?Odpowiedzi uzyskane na powyższe pytania badawcze pozwolą zdiagnozować konsekwencje długupublicznego dla polskiej gospodarki oraz kierunki jego oddziaływania.
Porty morskie w Gdańsku i Gdyni po 25 latach transformacji gospodarczej
Authors: Tarkowski Maciej
Published: February 2021

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest określenie zmian pozycji konkurencyjnej portów morskich w Gdańsku i Gdyni w okresie transformacji gospodarczej. Za podstawowy wskaźnik umożliwiający oszacowanie tych zmian przyjęto obroty ładunkowe ogółem. Analiza ich struktury pozwoliła z kolei wskazać warunki i czynniki zmieniające pozycję konkurencyjną obu portów. Największy wpływ na wielkość obrotów miały silnie zmieniające się przeładunki ropy naftowej, produktów z ropy naftowej, węgla i koksu oraz kontenerów. Zmiany pozycji obu portów zostały odniesione do sytuacji głównych portów polskich, bałtyckich i globalnych oraz, pośrednio, do konkurencji ze strony lądowych komponentów systemu transportowego Polski. Pozycja konkurencyjna względem innych portów została wzmocniona, jednak oba węzły utraciły znaczą część przewagi wobec pozostałych elementów systemu transporotowego. Zaobserwowane zmiany były nie tylko efektem restrukturyzacji przemysłu, ale także reorientacji kierunków handlu zagranicznego, napływu bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych, ekspansji portów niemieckich na dotychczasowe zaplecze portów polskich oraz priorytetów w zakresie rozbudowy sieci drogowej w Polsce. Ponadto dokonano próby zastosowania typologii adaptacji przestrzennej przemysłu (Stryjakiewicz, 1999) do zmian, jakie zaszły w analizowanych portach w okresie transformacji gospodarczej. Podmioty działające na ich obszarze podejmowały działania strategiczne mieszczące się w pięciu kategoriach: redukcji kosztów, relokacji, zmian w systemie zarządzania, przemian w strukturze przeładunków oraz kontaktów z partnerami zagranicznymi.
Depression of the Cities: Key to Healing
Authors: Lidin Konstantin
Published: February 2021

The problem of search of an authenticity of the cities looks very actual and draws attention of numerous researchers. In the article the analogy between the human person and the city in this problem is used. For the person, as well as for the city, awareness of own identity is necessary to resist depressive tendencies. It is shown that symptoms of depression of the person are similar to the ones for depression of the cities. The identity of the city necessary for opposition of a depression is offered to be looked for in two planes – historical and geographical (to be looked for in historical and geographical plane). The historical plane is made by local myths and legends of the city and its inhabitants. The geographical plane of identity is concentrated on features of relief, climate, flora and fauna of that region in which the city is located.
Budownictwo jako czynnik dynamizujący rozwój strefy podmiejskiej na przykładzie wybranych gmin w otoczeniu aglomeracji górnośląskiej
Authors: Dyszy Marlena
Published: February 2021

Gminy wiejskie wchodzące w skład strefy podmiejskiej większego zespołu miejskiego odgrywają w dzisiejszych czasach ważną rolę w systemie osadniczym. Są to tereny różnorodne, na których zachodzi wiele interesujących zjawisk społecznych i gospodarczych. Wraz z ciągłym rozwojem obszarów miejskich strefy podmiejskie zyskują na znaczeniu, gdyż coraz częściej przenosi się do nich życie społeczne i gospodarcze. Przedmiotem pracy jest charakterystyka funkcjonowania działalności budowlanej rozwijającej się w obszarze podmiejskim większego zespołu miejskiego. Celem szczegółowym pracy jest przedstawienie rozwoju nowego budownictwa na terenie dwóch gmin województwa śląskiego, w Bobrownikach oraz Ożarowicach, położonych w centralnej części województwa śląskiego i sąsiadujących z miastami wchodzącymi w skład aglomeracji górnośląskiej. Aby pozyskać odpowiednie dane, wykorzystano metodę inwentaryzacyjną, za pomocą której zostały spisane wszystkie nowe budynki mieszkaniowe powstałe na terenie analizowanych gmin. Istotnym czynnikiem warunkującym rozwój budownictwa są ceny ziemi. Zagadnienie to omówiono na przykładzie cen gruntów budowlanych, z uwzględnieniem działek budowlanych oraz – w kilku przypadkach – działek budowlano- -usługowych, bez zabudowy. W szerszym zakresie omówiono zagadnienia z zakresu budownictwa mieszkaniowego. Przede wszystkim ukazano dynamikę rozwoju nowego budownictwa mieszkaniowego. Przeprowadzono podział nowej zabudowy na dwie grupy: pojedyncze budynki mieszkaniowe oraz osiedla mieszkaniowe. Podjęto próbę przedstawienia budownictwa jako jednego z ważniejszych czynników wpływających na rozwój obszaru podmiejskiego. Na całym terenie, któremu poświęcona jest niniejsza praca, odbywa się wzrost natężenia w ruchu budowlanym. Generuje go napływ ludności, głównie miejskiej. Z tego powodu obszar podmiejski ulega ciągłym zmianom, uzyskując stopniowo cechy upodobniające go do miasta.
Współczesne procesy przemian regionalnych przemysłu Polski – próba interpretacji
Authors: Domański Bolesław
Published: February 2021

Ogromne zmiany instytucjonalne, strukturalne i technologiczne, jakie zaszły w polskim przemyśle w okresie ostatnich 25 lat, zachęcają do refleksji nad tym, jaki wyraz znalazły one w przekształceniach przestrzennej organizacji tego sektora gospodarki. Autor podejmuje próbę wskazania podstawowych procesów przemian przestrzennych, jakie zaistniały w tym okresie w przemyśle kraju, przede wszystkim w skali regionalnej. Stanowi to punkt wyjścia do próby odpowiedzi na dwa zasadnicze pytania. Po pierwsze, jakie są główne czynniki i mechanizmy obserwowanych przemian przestrzennych przemysłu, a po drugie, w jakim stopniu zmiany zachodzące w przemyśle przyczyniają się do rozwoju regionalnego i lokalnego w różnych częściach kraju. Analiza trendów pojawiających się w okresie transformacji pokazuje, że zarówno czynniki endogeniczne, jak i egzogeniczne sprzyjały wzmocnieniu potencjału produkcyjnego obszarów metropolitalnych. Wpływały na to w szczególności zasoby wykwalifikowanej kadry, dostępność komunikacyjna i korzystne położenie względem rynków zbytu. Przyczyniło się to w istotny sposób do zwiększania znaczenia w polskim przemyśle rozwiniętych regionów zachodniej części kraju – Dolnego Śląska i Wielkopolski. Względnie udana restrukturyzacja cechowała Górnośląski Okręg Przemysłowy, a częściowo również Łódzki Okręg Przemysłowy, procesy deindustrializacji dotknęły przede wszystkim stare okręgi Sudecki i Staropolski. Interesujące jest to, że rola przemysłu w obszarach poza metropolitalnych nie uległa generalnemu zmniejszeniu, rozwój postępował tu w głównej mierze w oparciu o czynniki endogeniczne. Oddziaływanie polityki państwa na rozmieszczenie działalności przemysłowej miało miejsce głównie poprzez inwestycje drogowe, a nie specjalne strefy ekonomiczne.
KAJIAN TENTANG IMPLEMENTASI MODUL BAHAN KIMIA DI RUMAH TANGGA PADA SISWA KELAS VII DI SMP NEGERI 2 SIDOARJO TAHUN PELAJARAN 2005/2006
Authors: Herowati Herowati
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab pertanyaan umum: “Apakah modul bahan kimia di rumah tangga yang telah dikembangkan oleh Susilawati (2004) efektif untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran di SMP?”, dan menjawab pertanyaan yang lebih operasional: (1) Bagaimanakah  kualitas proses pembelajaran dengan menggunakan modul bahan kimia di rumah tangga  yang telah dikembangkan?; (2) Bagaimanakah ketuntasan belajar siswa SMP kelas VII dalam mempelajari pokok bahasan bahan kimia di rumah tangga menggunakan modul bahan kimia di rumah tangga  yang telah dikembangkan?; (3) Bagaimana persepsi siswa terhadap modul bahan kimia di rumah tangga? Data penelitian berupa data kuantitatif skor tes untuk materi bahan kima di rumah tangga, serta data kuantitatif lembar observasi ranah psikomotorik, dan data kuantitatif berupa skor siswa hasil pengolahan angket yang diinterpretasikan berdasarkan kriteria yang dinyatakan oleh Arikunto, dan data kualitatif hasil pengolahan lembar observasi diskusi dinyatakan dengan persentase. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah: Secara umum modul bahan kimia di rumah tangga yang dikembangkan oleh Susilawati (2004) adalah efektif untuk diimplentasikan dalam pembelajaran di SMP. Secara operasional diperoleh bahwa: (1) kualitas proses pembelajaran ditinjau dari: (a) aspek afektif yaitu keaktifan siswa pada saat diskusi dengan kategori paling aktif dalam kegiatan menjawab pertanyaan; (b) aspek psikomotorik siswa pada saat praktikum tergolong dalam kategori sangat aktif; (2) ketuntasan belajar siswa dalam mempelajari materi bahan kimia di rumah tangga sebesar 90,0% dengan skor rata-rata kelas sebesar 76,10. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar telah memenuhi kriteria standar ketuntasan belajar mengajar (SKBM); (3) data persepsi siswa terhadap pembelajaran dengan menggunakan modul diperoleh 55,0% (22 orang) menyatakan sangat setuju dan 18 orang siswa (45,0%) menyatakan setuju. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa siswa menyetujui pelaksanaan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan modul bahan kimia di rumah tangga model learning cycle (LC). Dengan demikian hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan bahan pertimbangan dalam memilih strategi belajar ‘baru’ untuk mengaktualisasikan  keterampilan proses sains secara maksimal dalam pembelajaran dan dapat dijadikan sebagai acuan dalam pengembangan modul untuk materi yang lain.
Milk Thistle Leaves Aqueous Extract as a New Corrosion Inhibitor for Aluminum Alloys in Alkaline Medium
Authors: Al-Rudaini Khudhair Abbas Kareem , Al-Saadie Khulood Abid Saleh
Published: February 2021

The aqueous extract of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) leaves as a green corrosion inhibitor for AA7051 aluminum alloy in sodium hydroxide solution was investigated at a range of temperatures. Potentiodynamic polarization findings exhibit a mixedâ€“type inhibitor with directly increased inhibition efficiency with the concentration of inhibitor. The adsorption of the inhibitor on aluminum alloy obeys Langmuir isotherm and the kinetic as well as thermodynamic parameters were measured and discussed.
Early Language Development of a Child with Expressive Language Disorder: A Parents’ Narration
Authors: Rosmala Dewi , Nurul Hidayati Arini , Abdullah Fuad
Published: February 2021

Mainstream children generally experience typical stages throughout the milestones of their language development, from crying, cooing, babbling, until mature speech. Nevertheless, children with special condition usually have difficulties in getting through each phase of the development, such as those having expressive language disorder. These children usually encounter problems in communicating their needs and ideas verbally or non-verbally. This study attempts to present a story of the first five-year journey of Zaid’s language development, a child with expressive language disorder. Through interview, observation, and documentation, the study informs that Zaid was a late talker and experience difficulties in structuring well-ordered sentences.