bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Intervening Domain Is Required For DNA-binding and Functional Identity of Plant MADS Transcription Factors
Authors: Lai Xuelei , Vega-Leon Rosario , Hugouvieux Veronique , Blanc-Mathieu Romain , Wal Froukje van der , Lucas Jeremy , Silva Catarina , Jourdain Agnes , Muino Jose , Nanao Max , Immink Richard , Kaufmann Kerstin , Parcy Francois , Smaczniak Cezary , Zubieta Chloe
Published: March 2021

The MADS transcription factors (TF) are an ancient protein family with a high degree of sequence identity that bind almost identical DNA sequences across all eukaryotic kingdoms of life, yet fulfill dramatically different physiological roles. In plants, the family is divided into two main lineages, type I and II, based on sequence conservation of the DNA-binding MADS-box domain (M domain) with yeast and animal M domains. Here, we demonstrate that DNA binding in both lineages absolutely requires a short amino acid sequence C-terminal to the M domain called the Intervening domain (I domain) in type II MADS. Structural elucidation of the MI domains from the floral regulator, SEPALLATA3 (SEP3), shows a highly conserved MADS-box fold with the I domain forming an alpha helix and acting to stabilize the M domain. Based on secondary structure prediction, sequences fulfilling the same function as the SEP3 I domain can be found in both lineages of plant MADS TFs, suggesting the I domain is a conserved and required part of the DNA-binding domain. Using the floral organ identity MADS TFs, SEP3, APETALA1 (AP1) and AGAMOUS (AG), domain swapping demonstrate that the I domain alters DNA-binding specificity based on seq-DAP-seq experiments. Yeast 2-hybrid experiments further revealed the role of the I domain in dimerization specificity. Surprisingly, introducing AG carrying the I domain of AP1 in the Arabidopsis ap1 mutant, resulted in a high degree of complementation and restoration of first and second whorl organs. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the I domain acts both as an integral part of the DNA-binding domain and strongly contributes to the functional identity of the MADS TF.
AI-based prediction model for the risk of diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zhang Ning , Fan Rui , Ke Jing , Cui Qinghua , ZHAO Dong
Published: March 2021

BackgroundMicroalbuminuria is the main characteristic of Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), but it fluctuates greatly under the influence of blood glucose. Our aim was to establish some common clinical variables which could be easily collected to predict the risk of DKD in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods and resultsWe build an artificial intelligence (AI) model to quantitively predict the risk of DKD based on the biomedical parameters from 1239 patients. An information entropy-based feature selection method was applied to screen out the risk factors of DKD. The dataset was divided with 4/5 into the training set and 1/5 into the test set. By using the selected risk factors, 5-fold cross-validation is applied to train the prediction model and it finally got AUC of 0.72 and 0.71 in the training set and test set respectively. In addition, we provide a method of calculating risk factors’ contribution for individuals to provide personalized guidance for treatment. We set up web-based application available on http://www.cuilab.cn/dkd for self-check and early warning. ConclusionsWe establish a feasible prediction model for DKD and suggest the degree of risk contribution of each indicator for each individual, which has certain clinical significance for early intervention and prevention.
Preliminary results using PET/MR in glioblastoma patients treated with regorafenib: an 18F-FET and DWI-ADC comparison
Authors: Spimpolo Alessandro , Lombardi Giuseppe , Berti Sara , Campi Cristina , Anglani Maria Giulia , Simeone Rossella , Evangelista Laura , Causin Francesco , Zorzi Giovanni , Gorgoni Giancarlo , Caccese Mario , Padovan Marta , Zagonel Vittorina , Cecchin Diego
Published: March 2021

Introduction: The use of regorafenib in recurrent glioblastoma patients has been recently approved by the Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA) and added to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) 2020 guidelines as a preferred regimen. Given its complex effects at the molecular level, the most appropriate imaging tools to assess early response to treatment is still a matter of debate. DWI and 18F–FET PET are promising methodologies providing additional information to the currently used RANO criteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the variations in DWI/ADC- and 18F-FET PET-derived parameters in patients who underwent PET/MR at both baseline and soon after starting regorafenib. Method: We retrospectively selected 16 consecutive GBM patients who underwent 18F–FET PET/MR before and after two cycles of regorafenib. Patients were sorted into stable (SD) or progressive disease (PD) categories in accordance with RANO criteria. We were also able to analyze 4 SD patients who underwent a third PET/MR after another 4 cycles of regorafenib. 18F–FET uptake greater than 1.6 times the mean background activity was used to define an area to be superimposed on an ADC map at baseline and soon after treatment. A number of metrics were then derived and compared. Result: The average increases in FET and ADC pathological volumes were higher in PD than in SD patients, although in neither case did the difference reach significance. However, when the percentage difference in FET volumes was plotted against the corresponding percentage difference in ADC, a correlation was observed (R = 0.54). Patients with a twofold increase in FET after regorafenib showed a significantly higher increase in ADC pathological volume than the remaining subjects (p = 0.0023). Conclusion: In recurrent glioblastoma patients treated with regorafenib, 18F-FET and ADC metrics, being obtained from completely different measures, could serve as semi-quantitative independent biomarkers of response to treatment. These promising parameters should be tested in a larger cohort of glioblastoma patients treated with regorafenib.
Up-regulation of miR-499a-5p decreases cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by targeting PDCD4
Authors: Shan Weifeng , Ge Huifeng , Chen Bingquan , Huang Linger , Zhu Shaojun , Zhou Yanfeng
Published: March 2021

MiR-499a-5p was significantly down-regulated in degenerative tissues and correlated with apoptosis. Nonetheless, the biological function of miR-499a-5p in acute ischemic stroke has been still unclear. In this study, we found the plasma levels of miR-499a-5p were significantly down-regulated in 64 ischemic stroke patients and negatively correlated with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score. Then, we constructed cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion and subsequent reperfusion and oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) treated SH-SY5Y cell model. Transfection with miR-499a-5p mimic was accomplished by intracerebroventricular injection in the in vivo I/R injury model. We further found miR-499a-5p overexpression decreased infarct volumes and cell apoptosis in the in vivo I/R stroke model using TTC and TUNEL staining. PDCD4 was a direct target of miR-499a-5p by luciferase report assay and western blotting. Knockdown of PDCD4 reduced the infarct damage and cortical neuron apoptosis caused by I/R injury. MiR-499a-5p exerted neuroprotective roles mainly through inhibiting PDCD4-mediated apoptosis by CCK-8 assay, LDH release assay and flow cytometry analysis. These findings suggest that miR-499a-5p might represent a novel target that regulates brain injury by inhibiting PDCD4-mediating apoptosis.
How Do Different Nitrogen Application Levels and Irrigation Practices Impact Biological Nitrogen Fixation and its Distribution in Paddy System?
Authors: Zhang Yanhui , Hu Tianlong , Wang Hui , Jin Haiyang , Liu Qi , Lin Zhibin , Liu Benjuan , Liu Hongtao , Chen Zhe , Lin Xinwu , Wang Xiaojie , Ma Jing , Sun Delin , Sun Xiaoli , Tang Haoye , Bei Qicheng , Cherubini Francesco , Arp Hans Peter H. , Xie Zubin
Published: March 2021

Background and aimsBiological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in paddy systems is impacted by nitrogen application levels and irrigation strategies, but the extents to which these factores influence BNF and its distribution in soil and rice were still largely unclear. This study investigates this influence.MethodsAn airtight transparent growth chamber 15N-labelling system were used to investigate how different nitrogen application levels (0, 125, 187.5 and 250 kg N ha-1) and irrigation strategies (flooding irrigation or intermittent irrigation) impact the amount of BNF and its distribution in soil and rice. ResultsNitrogen application at 125 ~ 250 kg N ha-1 reduced the amount of BNF by 81% - 86%. The inhibition effect of nitrogen application on BNF at a soil depth of 1-15 cm was greater than that at 0-1 cm. Relative to the continuous flooding irrigation, intermittent irrigation enhanced rice growth and promoted the transfer of fixed nitrogen from 0-1 cm soil layer to rice, but it did not change the total amount of BNF. ConclusionsThis study indicated that BNF supplied little nitrogen for rice production at the high nitrogen application levels, but the intermittent irrigation could promote utilization of biologically fixed nitrogen.
Promoting organizational vision integration among hospital employees
Authors: Slåtten Terje , Lien Gudbrand , Mutonyi Barbara Rebecca
Published: March 2021

Background
The concept of organizational vision has been little explored within the health-care services research literature. Based on this knowledge gap in the literature, this study examines the factors that potentially promote organizational vision integration (OVI), which refers to the employees’ use of organizational vision as a guiding framework in their respective work roles. The roles of organizational commitment (OC), leadership autonomy support (LAS), and organizational culture on hospital employees’ OVI are examined.
Methods
Hospital employees participated in a survey. Partial least-squares structural equation modelling was performed using SmartPLS 3 software to test the proposed hypotheses statistically. A bootstrapping test was used to identify the mediating effects.
Results
The main findings show that: (i) OC is the most powerful factor to promote employees’ OVI (\(\beta\) = 0.26), while organizational culture (represented by the concept of internal market-oriented culture) and LAS showed significantly less and almost equal impact (\(\beta\) = 0.16 and \(\beta\) = 0.15, respectively), respectively, and in total explains 25% of the variance in the concept of OVI; (ii) LAS and organizational culture both significantly contribute to employees’ OC (\(\beta\) = 0.35 and \(\beta\) = 0.29, respectively) and in total explains nearly 40% (\({R}^{2}=0.38)\) of the variance in the concept of OC; (iii) the relationships between organizational culture, LAS, and OVI are mediated through OC; and (iv) LAS mediates the relationships between organizational culture and OVI, and between organizational culture and OC.
Conclusions
To promote hospital employees’ OVI effectively, hospital managers should especially focus on their employees’ OC. Specifically, they should strengthen their employees’ OC through building a strong employee-focused organizational culture in addition to leaders who practice LAS. This contributes to promoting hospital employees’ OVI.
Corneal nerve loss in patients with TIA and acute ischemic stroke in relation to circulating markers of inflammation and vascular integrity
Authors: Khan Adnan , Parray Aijaz , Akhtar Naveed , Agouni Abdelali , Kamran Saadat , Pananchikkal Sajitha V. , Priyanka Ruth , Gad Hoda , Ponirakis Georgios , Petropoulos Ioannis N. , Chen Kuan-Han , Tayyab Kausar , Saqqur Maher , Shuaib Ashfaq , Malik Rayaz A.
Published: March 2021

Background
Vascular and inflammatory mechanisms are implicated in the development of cerebrovascular disease and corneal nerve loss occurs in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) and acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We have assessed whether serum markers of inflammation and vascular integrity are associated with the severity of corneal nerve loss in patients with TIA and AIS.
Methods
Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) was performed to quantify corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD), corneal nerve branch density (CNBD), corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL) in 105 patients with TIA or AIS and age matched control subjects (n = 56). Circulating levels of IL-6, MMP-2, MMP-9, E-Selectin, P-Selectin and VEGF were quantified in patients within 48 hours of presentation with a TIA or AIS.
Results
CNFL (P = 0.000, P = 0.000), CNFD (P = 0.122, P = 0.000) and CNBD (P = 0.002, P = 0.000) were reduced in patients with TIA and AIS compared to controls, respectively with no difference between patients with AIS and TIA. The NIHSS Score (P = 0.000), IL-6 (P = 0.011) and E-Selectin (P = 0.032) were higher in patients with AIS compared to TIA with no difference in MMP-2 (P = 0.636), MMP-9 (P = 0.098), P-Selectin (P = 0.395) and VEGF (P = 0.831). CNFL (r = 0.218, P = 0.026) and CNFD (r = 0.230, P = 0.019) correlated with IL-6 and multiple regression analysis showed a positive association of CNFL and CNFD with IL-6 (P = 0.041, P = 0.043).
Conclusions
Patients with TIA and stroke have evidence of corneal nerve loss and elevated IL6 and E-selectin levels. Larger longitudinal studies are required to determine the association between inflammatory and vascular markers and corneal nerve fiber loss in patients with cerebrovascular disease.
Sensitivity of cohesin–chromatin association to high-salt treatment corroborates non-topological mode of loop extrusion
Authors: Golov Arkadiy K. , Golova Anastasia V. , Gavrilov Alexey A. , Razin Sergey V.
Published: March 2021

Cohesin is a key organizer of chromatin folding in eukaryotic cells. The two main activities of this ring-shaped protein complex are the maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion and the establishment of long-range DNA–DNA interactions through the process of loop extrusion. Although the basic principles of both cohesion and loop extrusion have been described, we still do not understand several crucial mechanistic details. One of such unresolved issues is the question of whether a cohesin ring topologically embraces DNA string(s) during loop extrusion. Here, we show that cohesin complexes residing on CTCF-occupied genomic sites in mammalian cells do not interact with DNA topologically. We assessed the stability of cohesin-dependent loops and cohesin association with chromatin in high ionic strength conditions in G1-synchronised HeLa cells. We found that increased salt concentration completely displaces cohesin from those genomic regions that correspond to CTCF-defined loop anchors. Unsurprisingly, CTCF-anchored cohesin loops also dissipate in these conditions. Because topologically engaged cohesin is considered to be salt resistant, our data corroborate a non-topological model of loop extrusion. We also propose a model of cohesin activity throughout the interphase, which essentially equates the termination of non-topological loop extrusion with topological loading of cohesin. This theoretical framework enables a parsimonious explanation of various seemingly contradictory experimental findings.
Real-time CMR Fourier Analysis for Temporospatial Characterization of Ventricular Wall Motion in Health and Disease
Authors: Li Yu Yulee , Rashid Shams , Craft Jason , Cheng Yang J. , Schapiro William , Gliganic Kathleen , Yamashita Ann-Marie , Grgas Marie , Haag Elizabeth , Cao J. Jane
Published: March 2021

Background

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has been largely dependent on retrospective cine for image acquisition. Real-time imaging, although inferior in image quality to retrospective cine, is advantageous in examining temporospatial behaviors of cardiac motion over a series of sequential cardiac cycles. The presented work is a proof-of-concept of assessing cardiac function quantitatively with novel temporospatial indices in real-time CMR.
Methods

Fourier analysis was introduced for temporospatial characterization of real-time CMR signals arising from ventricular wall motion. Two quantitative indices, temporal periodicity and spatial coherence, were provided for function assessment in the left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV). We prospectively investigated these temporospatial indices in a CMR study with healthy volunteers and heart failure (HF) patients.
Results

Real-time images were collected and analyzed in 12 healthy volunteers during exercise and at rest, and also in 12 HF patients at rest. The statistics indicated that the healthy volunteers presented an increase of temporal periodicity due to ventricular response to exercise (resting-state 0.24 ± 0.037 vs. exercising-state 0.31 ± 0.040 in LV; resting-state 0.18 ± 0.030 vs. exercising-state 0.25 ± 0.038 in RV; P < 0.001 for both). The HF patients gave lower temporal periodicity (0.14 ± 0.021 for LV; 0.10 ± 0.014 for RV; P < 0.001 for both) than that in the healthy volunteers. The spatial coherence of LV and RV wall motion was also lower in the HF patients than that in the healthy volunteers (0.38 ± 0.040 vs 0.52 ± 0.039 for LV; 0.35 ± 0.035 vs. 0.50 ± 0.036 for RV; P < 0.001 for both). Both temporal periodicity and spatial coherence were found to be correlated to end-systolic volume (ESV) and ejection-fraction (EF) (R > 0.6, P < 0.001). However, the HF patients and healthy volunteers were well differentiated in the scatter plots of spatial coherence and temporal periodicity while they were mixed in those of ESV and EF.
Conclusions

Real-time CMR Fourier analysis enables a new approach to quantitative assessment of cardiac function with temporal periodicity and spatial coherence. The temporospatial characterization of real-time CMR images has the potential for intricate analysis of ventricular wall motion beyond conventional methods.
Calculation Method of Short Duration Rainstorm Intensity Formula Considering Non-Stationarity of Rainfall Series: Impacts on Simulation of Urban Drainage System
Authors: Wu Zening , Liu Shifeng , Wang Huiliang
Published: March 2021

The changing nature of the earth's climate and rapid urbanization lead to the change of rainfall characteristics in urban areas, and the stability of rainfall series is destroyed, it is a difficult challenge to consider this change in urban drainage simulation. A variety of methods are used to test the stationarity of annual maximum rainfall intensity series of Zhengzhou meteorological station from 1981 to 2010, and the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves of changing environment are fitted by GAMLSS model and further generalized into short duration rainstorm intensity formula. The 3-hour design rainstorm in different scenarios was used as the input of Mike Flood model to simulate the operation of the campus drainage system of Zhengzhou University. Results indicated that: The rainfall series is non-stationary and has an increasing trend. Although the parameters of the short duration rainstorm intensity formula have no fixed change rules, there are traces to follow in the design rainstorm. According to Mike Flood model, the non-stationary scenario provides a series of dangerous signals such as more flood volume, larger inundation area, higher flood depth and slower recession process. The flood volume of the non-stationary scenario is 23.5% more than that of the stationary scenario, and the inundated area is 18.5% more when the return period is 5 years. In the future, the difference is 34.0% and 24.6% respectively, and it can reach more than 50% when the return period is once in two years. We will discuss the non-stationarity and challenges brought about by changing environments.
Expansion of Targetable Sites for the Ribonucleoprotein-Based CRISPR/Cas9 System in the Silkworm Bombyx Mori
Authors: Zou Yun-long , Ye Ai-jun , Liu Shuo , Wu Wen-tao , Xu Li-feng , Dai Fang-yin , Tong Xiaoling
Published: March 2021

Background:With the emergence of CRISPR/Cas9 technology, multiple gene editing procedures became available for the silkworm. Although binary transgene-based methods have been widely used to generate mutants, delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system via DNA-free ribonucleoproteins offers several advantages. However, the T7 promoter that is widely used in the ribonucleoprotein-based method for production of sgRNAs in vitro requires a 5’ GG motif for efficient initiation. The resulting transcripts bear a 5’ GG motif, which significantly constrains the number of targetable sites in the silkworm genome. Results:In this study, we used the T7 promoter to add two supernumerary G residues to the 5’ end of conventional (perfectly matched) 20-nucleotide sgRNA targeting sequences. We then asked if sgRNAs with this structure can generate mutations even if the genomic target does not contain corresponding GG residues. As expected, 5’ GG mismatches depress the mutagenic activity of sgRNAs, and a single 5’ G mismatch has a relatively minor effect. However, tests involving six sgRNAs targeting two genes show that the mismatches do not eliminate mutagenesis in vivo, and the efficiencies remain at useable levels. One sgRNA with a 5’ GG mismatch at its target performed mutagenesis more efficiently than a conventional sgRNA with 5’ matched GG residues at a second target within the same gene. Mutations generated by sgRNAs with 5’ GG mismatches are also heritable. We successfully obtained null mutants with detectable phenotypes from sib-mated mosaics after one generation. Conclusions: In summary, our method improves the utility and flexibility of the ribonucleoprotein-based CRISPR/Cas9 system in silkworm.
Immobilization of Chaetomium erraticum dextranase (CED) by adsorption on carboxylated multi walled carbon nanotubes (c-MWCNT)
Authors: Aslan Yakup , Ghafour Barzan Ismael
Published: March 2021

In this study, CED was immobilized onto c-MWCNT by adsorption. Optimization of immobilization conditions (immobilization buffer's pH and molarity, c-MWCNT amount, and immobilization time) was resulted in 100% immobilization yield and 114.13% activity yield. Further, characterization of FCED and ICED was also studied. After immobilization, the optimum pH shifted from 5.0 to 6.0, while the optimum temperature (55 °C) did not change. Furthermore, kinetic constants for FCED and ICED were also determined using the Lineweaver-Burk plot. The Km value for both FCED and ICED were 54.35 g / L, while Vmax values for FCED and ICED were 2.77 μmol reducing sugar / L.mg.min and 3.19 μmol reducing sugar / L.mg.min, respectively. Moreover, there was no reduction in the initial activity of ICED after 20 consecutive uses and 30 days of storage at optimal storage conditions. Finally, 17.15% and 17.53% of the dextran in 10% dextran solution (pH 6.0) were converted to reduced sugars (IMOs and Glucose) in 12 hours using FCED and ICED, respectively. Consequently, it can be concluded that ICED obtained in this study can be effectively used for industrial production of IMOs and for hydrolysis of dextran.
Evidence from HP/UHP metasediments for recycling of isotopically heterogeneous potassium into the mantle
Authors: Wang Ze-Zhou , Teng Fang-Zhen , Busigny Vincent , Liu Sheng-Ao
Published: March 2021

Potassium isotopes may provide a novel approach for fingerprinting recycled sediments in the mantle due to the significant differences in K abundance and isotopic ratio between subducting sediment and the mantle. However, the behavior of K isotopes in sediments during subduction zone metamorphism is still unknown. Here we investigate K isotopic composition of a set of well-characterized high-to ultrahigh-pressure metasediments from the Schistes Lustrés nappe (western Alps), which represents marine sediments subducted down to ~90 km depth in a cold subduction zone, and their protoliths from the Lavagna nappe (Apennines, Italy). The metasediments display δ41KSRM 3141a values from –0.76‰ to –0.48‰, which are on average lower than the mantle value (–0.43‰) but similar to those of nonmetamorphic equivalents (–0.79‰ to –0.49‰). No systemic variation of δ41K with metamorphic grade is observed, suggesting negligible K isotope fractionation in these sediments during prograde metamorphism. This is in accord with the limited loss of K during the entire metamorphic history as evidenced by the constancy of K/Rb and K/Cs ratios between metamorphic and non-metamorphic sediments and the absence of correlations of δ41K with K/Rb and K/Cs. The heterogeneous δ41K values of metasediments are most likely inherited from their protoliths, which experienced different degrees of chemical weathering depending on their provenances. Our results demonstrate that the variable and light K isotopic signatures in subducting sediments could be preserved to depths of at least 90 km along a cold geotherm gradient, indicating that the introduction of sediments into the mantle could produce K isotope heterogeneity in the source regions of mantle-derived lavas.
EXAMINING THE ROLE OF OUTREACH WORK IN THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM: THE CASE OF ICTY
Authors: DEMİR Ebru
Published: March 2021

Outreach activities of international criminal tribunals remain as a neglected area in the field of international criminal law. This article draws attention to this very under-researched area and highlights the importance of outreach work in providing international criminal justice. By focusing on the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (the ICTY) as a case study, the article argues that outreach activities are significant for international criminal tribunals to gain the support of the local populations under their jurisdictions. For the purpose of the article, the ICTY’s main outreach activities are overviewed by using the online data provided in the ICTY’s official website. A detailed analysis of these activities through an engagement with the existing literature shows that delays in the outreach activities, lack of other transitional justice mechanisms, and plea bargaining became the main challenges for the ICTY’s outreach work. These conclusions are significant not only for an evaluation of the tribunal’s legacy in the region of former Yugoslavia but also for deriving “lessons learned” for the other international criminal tribunals and the permanent court International Criminal Court (ICC). International tribunals and courts must learn from the ICTY’s failures and should be vigilant from their establishment till their closure to enhance the public awareness about their work and to gain the support of the local communities under their jurisdictions.
Soil salinization affected by hydrogeochemical processes of shallow groundwater in Cangzhou City, a coastal region in North China
Authors: He Jin , Den Qijun , Ma Xuejun , Su Xiaosi , Ma Xuemei
Published: March 2021

This study sought to further the current understanding on the relationship between soil salinization and groundwater hydrochemical processes. To this effect, 33 soil samples and 64 shallow groundwater samples were collected in Cangzhou City, a coastal region of the North China Plain. Soil salinization showed clear patterns of zonation from inland to coastal areas. The no-salinization or mild-salinization with Cl-SO4 or SO4-Cl types were discovered in the west of Cang County farther from the sea; this was restricted by brackish groundwater with HCO3·SO4-Ca·Na type and the deep water table. With increasing proximity to the coastline, groundwater salinity increased soil salt content and salinization, the effects of which were mainly determined by specific Cl/Br ratios and the seawater mixing index in groundwater. The positive δ18O and δ2H content in groundwater was related to the strong evaporation of groundwater with a shallow water table, indicating that the high soil salinity directly affected relict seawater evaporation. The observed severe-salinization soil and high NO3− concentrations indicate that agricultural activities were non-negligible salt sources in areas close to the sea. The results have relevance in improving saline-alkali soil and utilization of soil resources in the coastal areas in the North China Plain.
Urban rainfall characteristics and permeable pavement structure optimization for sponge road in North China
Authors: Li Zhe , Cao Yuanbo , Zhang Jiupeng , Liu Wolong
Published: March 2021

Permeable asphalt pavement types are generally selected according to local traffic volume and rainfall intensity. This study focuses on the design of the pavement drainage asphalt pavement combination scheme by analyzing the rainfall characteristics of five representative cities in North China. Furthermore, nine kinds of drainage pavement scheme applicable to Beijing are proposed. To this end, the permeable function design analysis, as well as the bearing capacity design analysis of permeable asphalt pavement, was carried out with the help of storm runoff simulation software SWMM5.1 and pavement structure analysis software BISAR3.0, respectively. The results indicate that the minimum total design thickness of permeable surface layer and permeable basic layer meeting the requirements of road drainage in this region is 170 mm, and the nine drainage pavement schemes meet the specification requirements.
Integration of OMICS Technologies for Crop Improvement
Authors: Faryad Amna , Aziz Faiza , Tahir Jannat , Kousar Maimoona , Qasim Muhammad , Shamim Aysha
Published: March 2021

Sustainable crop improvement can help to feed the exploding human population in an
era of shrinking cultivable lands and dwindling water resources. In this scenario, crop improvement
using OMICS technologies may help to ensure food security and alleviate the rural poverty in
poor countries. Additionally, the improved crops may help to cope with the problem of malnutrition
in the different parts of the world, especially Africa. OMICS technologies are based on the
knowledge gained through genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, interactomics
and phenomics. This expert review article congregates recent knowledge of the emerging OMICS
technologies and evaluates how their integrated application is improving important crops and the
potential of these technologies in bringing a revolution in agriculture. Moreover, we have provided
an analysis of various technical challenges and difficulties arising during application of OMICS
technologies to crop plants which pose major restrictions to the implementation of these strategies.
Ethnobotany, Pharmacological Activities and Bioavailability Studies on “King of Bitters” (Kalmegh): A Review (2010-2020)
Authors: Singh Rajesh Kumar , Mehta Sharuti , Sharma Anil Kumar
Published: March 2021

Background:

Andrographis paniculata, commonly known as “Kalmegh”, is an annual herbaceous plant from family Acanthaceae. The whole plant of A. paniculata has explored for multiple pharmacological activities and is scientifically recognized by in-vivo and in-vitro studies. Various biotechnologically engineered techniques have been explored to enhance the bioavailability of this plant.

Objective:

In this review, we aim to present comprehensive recent advances in the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, specific pharmacology, safety and toxicology and bioavailability of A. paniculata and its pure compounds. Possible directions for future research are also outlined in brief, which will encourage advance investigations on this plant.

Methods:

Information on the recent updates of the present review is collected from different electronic scientific databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. All the composed information is classified into different sections according to the objective of the paper.

Results:

More than hundred research and review papers have been studied and incorporated in the present manuscript. After vast literature search of A. paniculata, we present a noteworthy report of various phytoconstituents present in plant, which are accountable for potential therapeutic properties of the plant. Forty-five of studied articles give general information about introduction, ethnobotany and traditional uses of the plant. Twenty-two papers enclosed information about the phytoconstituents present in different parts of A. paniculata and seventy-two papers briefly outlined the pharmacological activities like antioxidant, anti-dengue, anti-ulcerogenic, antifungal, some miscellaneous activities like activity against SARS-CoV-2, antidiarrhoeal. Nineteen studies highlighted the research work conducted by various researchers to increased bioavailability of A. paniculata and two studies reported the safety and toxicology of the plant.

Conclusion:

This review incorporated the scientifically validated research work encompassing the ethnobotanical description of the subjected plant, phytochemical profile, various pharmacological activities, and recent approaches to enhance the bioavailability of active metabolites.
Diabetic Complications: An Update on Pathobiology and Therapeutic
Strategies
Authors: Nellaiappan Karthika , Preeti Kumari , Khatri Dharmendra Kumar , Singh Shashi Bala
Published: March 2021

:

Despite the advent of novel therapies which manage and control diabetes well, the increased
risk of morbidity and mortality in diabetic subjects is associated with the devastating secondary
complications it produces. Long-standing diabetes majorly drives cellular and molecular alterations,
which eventually damage both small and large blood vessels. The complications are prevalent
both in type I and type II diabetic subjects. The microvascular complications include diabetic
neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, while the macrovascular complications
include diabetic heart disease and stroke. The current therapeutic strategy alleviates the complications
to some extent but does not cure or prevent them. Also, the recent clinical trial outcomes in
this field are disappointing. Success in the drug discovery of diabetic complications may be
achieved by a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and by recognising the crucial
factors contributing to the development and progression of the disease. In this review, we discuss
the well-studied cellular mechanisms leading to the development and progression of diabetic
complications. In addition, we also highlight the various therapeutic paradigms currently in clinical
practice.
Impact of Physical Activity on Gestational Weight Gain in Overweight
and Obese Pregnant Women: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Rani Vandana , Kulandaivelan Sivachidambaram , Chaturvedi Rekha , Yadav Ravinder
Published: March 2021

Background:

Regular physical activity and exercises play an important role in a healthy
pregnancy in overweight and obese women.

Objective:

To investigate the effect of exercise parameters (frequency, duration and intensity) and
Physical Activity (PA) on maternal Gestational Weight Gain (GWG) in overweight and obese pregnant
women.

Methods:

PubMed and Cochrane database were used to locate the literature; randomized controlled
trials comparing PA with standard care on combined overweight and obese pregnant women, published
in English language from January 2011 to March 2020 were selected. PA interventions, including
walking, aerobic and resistance exercise either alone or in combination compared with standard
care during pregnancy in overweight and obese pregnant women were screened. Mean Difference
(MD) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) between the intervention and standard care for
GWG was calculated.

Results:

Twelve studies with 1667 pregnant women were included. The result showed a statistically
significant reduction of GWG in the PA group as compared to the standard care (MD 0.99 kg,
p<0.00001 & I2=25%). Overweight and obese pregnant women who performed exercises for the duration
of 45-60 minutes/session (MD -1.01 kg, P=0.0008 and I2=61%), a frequency of 3
times/week (MD -1.19 kg, P=0.0002 and I2=58%) and light to moderate intensity (MD -1.37 kg,
P<0.0001 & I2=62%), reported good weight control during pregnancy as compared with standard
care group.

Conclusion:

There was a statistically significant reduction in GWG in overweight and obese pregnant
women. Owing to the promising results shown by exercise intervention and PA in maternal
weight control, these interventions should be used as a tool for managing weight gain during pregnancy
as routine care.
Contributo para a conservação preventiva da coleção do livro antigo da Biblioteca da Casa José Régio, em Vila do Conde
Authors: Silva Diana
Published: March 2021

This article intends to share, in summary form, part of the work developed in the scope of the Master in Museology (MMUS) of the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the University of Porto (FLUP), having as context the José Régio's House in Vila do Conde and as a focus on antique book collection, from the 16th to the 19th century. The general objective was to contribute to its preventive conservation. More specifically, it intended to contribute to reducing the risk of its loss, by revising and updating its inventory, as well as proposing some solutions for other more general risk contexts. After a brief overview of the evolution of the support materials for the book, the main agents that can contribute to its deterioration are indicated. The universe of the study sample and the assumed work methodology are considered: documentary research, survey research, through non-formal interviews, and fieldwork. Finally, the results of the work developed are presented and basic preservation procedures are suggested.
First Submission of the Original Manuscript of a Protocol Titled “Using Antipsychotic Non-Adherence Model to Explain the Profile of Non -Adherence to Treatment Among Patients with Schizophrenia in Zanzibar: A Protocol for Mixed Method Study (Preprint)
Authors: Abass Yahya Mohamed , Masika Golden Mwakibo
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

Schizophrenia is among the leading courses of illness and disfunction among adults world-wide. Patients with schizophrenia pose a great challenge to medication adherence and the pattern and its pre-disposing factors in the context of Zanzibar remains unknown.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study is to examine the prevalence of and factors associated with non-adherence to medication among patients with schizophrenic in Zanzibar.

METHODS

A mixed method study with a concurrent quantitative and qualitative designs will be employed. 384 pairs of care givers and patients with schizophrenia will be recruited beginning mid-February 2021. Non adherence to medication as an outcome variable will be assessed using questionnaire and visual analog to both patients and care givers. Standardized questionnaires; MoCA-5-minutes protocol, Work Alliance Inventory- Short form revised (WAI-SR), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Mental Health Inventory-5-items (MHI-5) and researcher developed questionnaire will be used to examine explanatory variables including patient factors, illness factors, medication factors, care provider factors and care giver factors. In-depth interview will also be conducted among health care providers to provide qualitative data on care provider perspectives about adherence to medication in Zanzibar. Descriptive analysis will be employed to explain the medication patterns, and prevalence of non-adherence to medication. Both logistic and linear regression models will be employed to examine the relationship of explanatory factors and non-adherence to medication.

RESULTS

As of March 2021, subject recruitment is underway and analysis of data is expected to commence in August 2021.

CONCLUSIONS

Medication adherence among patients with schizophrenia is a challenge worldwide as do in Zanzibar. This study will highlight how patient, economic, sociocultural and caregiver may each individually or synergistically contribute to poor adherence to medication in the context of Zanzibar.
Optimizing the Periconception Lifestyle of Women With Overweight Using a Blended Personalized Care Intervention Combining eHealth and Face-to-face Counseling (eFUSE): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: van der Windt Melissa , Schoenmakers Sam , Willemsen Sten , van Rossem Lenie , Steegers-Theunissen Régine
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

Maternal overweight has a substantial impact on reproductive, maternal, pregnancy, and neonatal outcomes with long-term and transgenerational health consequences. Interventions that aim to optimize periconception maternal lifestyle can improve maternal and fetal health during pregnancy and throughout the life course. However, it remains difficult to change and adopt adequate lifestyle behaviors. We hypothesize that additional psychological therapy targeting cognitive and affective factors substantially contribute to the effectiveness of these interventions.

OBJECTIVE

The proposed study aims to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of a blended personalized periconception lifestyle care intervention with additional psychological therapy aimed at women with a BMI≥25 and who are contemplating pregnancy or are already pregnant (≤12 weeks) in reducing inadequate lifestyle behaviors and improving early and late pregnancy outcome.

METHODS

The eHealth and Face-to-face Counseling (eFUSE) study follows a single-center two-arm randomized controlled trial design at the Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, with a multicenter regional referral. The female patients with overweight (BMI≥25), together with their male partner, will be stratified by pregnancy status (preconception vs pregnant) and randomized to receive either the blended personalized periconception lifestyle care intervention with additional psychological therapy (n=313) or usual care (n=313). The primary outcome is a change in the lifestyle risk score (between baseline and 24 weeks) between the randomization arms (difference in differences). Secondary outcomes include measurements defined as most relevant by the International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement, including behavioral determinants, patient satisfaction, provider feasibility, and maternal pregnancy and neonatal complications.

RESULTS

The study will be open for recruitment from Fall 2021 onward. Data collection is expected to be completed by the beginning of 2023, and the results are expected to be published by Fall 2023.

CONCLUSIONS

This study will evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a blended periconception lifestyle intervention with additional psychological therapy, aimed at women with a BMI≥25. Positive results of this innovative care approach will be used for implementation in routine medical care of all women with overweight, with the ultimate aim to improve clinical outcomes of these high-risk pregnancies.

CLINICALTRIAL

Netherlands Trial Register NL9264; https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/9264

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/28600
Prevalence of Gaucher Disease (GD) in Patients with Unknown Cause of Splenomegaly and/or Thrombocytopenia in Saudi Arabia: A Multicenter Cross-sectional Study Protocol (Preprint)
Authors: Qadi Abdulelah , Ezzat Aly , Al Hejazi Ayman , Al Abbas Fahad , Elyamany Ghaleb , Al Saeed Hussain , ElBagoury Marwan , Kashari Ohoud , Roushdy Sherif , Aktham Yahia
Published: March 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

Background: Gaucher disease (GD) is the commonest form of Lysosomal storage disorders that are characterized by the accumulation of glucosylceramide within the lysosomes of cells that are ordinarily degraded to glucose and lipid components. The primary objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of Gaucher Disease in a high-risk group (defined as patients with splenomegaly and/or thrombocytopenia of unknown cause).
Methods: The present multicenter, cross-sectional, study will include patients presenting with signs of splenomegaly and/or thrombocytopenia over a period of 12 months with no definitive cause. Eligible patients will be assessed for acid β-glucosidase and acid sphingomyelinase enzymes activity using dried blood spot (DBS) samples. A total of 400 patients from Saudi Arabia who fulfill the eligibility criteria will be enrolled in the study.
Discussion: Saudi Arabia is the largest country in the Arabian Peninsula, with a population of more than 28 million. Despite healthcare being free to Saudi citizens, a number of potential barriers to healthcare access and individual healthcare-seeking have been reported. While Gaucher disease is a rare disease, its incidence in Saudi Arabia appears to be higher than other parts of the world. Nevertheless, no previous nationwide study was conducted to provide reliable data regarding the incidence and characteristics of Saudi patients with Gaucher Disease. There is a scarcity in the published literature regarding the treatment patterns and outcomes of Gaucher Disease in Saudi Arabia as well.
The Potential Impacts of a Digital Preoperative Assessment Service on Appointments, Travel-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions, and User Experience: Case Study (Preprint)
Authors: Milne-Ives Madison , Leyden John , Maramba Inocencio , Chatterjee Arunangsu , Meinert Edward
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

The National Health Service (NHS) cannot keep up with the demand for operations and procedures. Preoperative assessments can be conducted on the internet to improve efficiency and reduce wait times for operations. MyPreOp is a cloud-based platform where patients can complete preoperative questionnaires. These are reviewed by a nurse who determines whether they need a subsequent face-to-face appointment.

OBJECTIVE

The primary objective of this study is to describe the potential impact of MyPreOp (Ultramed Ltd) on the number of face-to-face appointments. The secondary objectives are to examine the time spent on preoperative assessments completed using MyPreOp in NHS Trusts and user ratings of usability and acceptability.

METHODS

The study design was a case study service evaluation. Data were collected using the MyPreOp system from 2 NHS Trusts (Guy’s and St Thomas’ and Royal United Hospitals Bath) and the private BMI Bath Clinic during the 4-month period from September to December 2020. Participants were adults of any age and health status at the participating hospitals who used MyPreOp to complete a preoperative assessment before a scheduled surgery. The primary outcome was the number of face-to-face appointments avoided by patients who used MyPreOp. The investigated secondary outcomes included the length of time spent by nurses completing preoperative assessments, associated travel-related carbon dioxide emissions compared with standard care, and quantitative user feedback. User feedback was assessed at all 3 sites; however, the other outcomes could only be examined in the Royal United Hospitals Bath sample because of data limitations.

RESULTS

Data from 2500 participants were included. Half of the assessed patients did not need a further face-to-face appointment and required a median of only 5.3 minutes of nurses’ time to review. The reduction in appointments was associated with a small saving of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions (9.05 tons). Patient feedback was generally positive: 79.8% (317/397) of respondents rated MyPreOp as easy or very easy to use, and 85.2% (340/399) thought the overall experience was good or very good.

CONCLUSIONS

This evaluation demonstrates the potential benefits of MyPreOp. However, further research using rigorous scientific methodology and a larger sample of NHS Trusts and users is needed to provide strong evidence of MyPreOp’s efficacy, usability, and cost-effectiveness.