bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A dual-crosslinking electroactive hydrogel based on gelatin methacrylate and dibenzaldehyde-terminated telechelic polyethylene glycol for 3D bio-printing
Authors: Wang Yulong , Yang Songsong , Cai Heqing , Hu Hailong , Hu Kun , Sun Zhicheng , Liu Ruping , Wei Yen , Han Lu
Published: February 2024

Gelatin was widely used as scaffold materials in 3D bio-printing due to its excellent bioactivity and availability and especially that their arginine–glycine–aspartic acid (RGD) sequences could efficiently promote cell adhesion and proliferation. In this study, an electroactive and 3D bio-printable hydrogel was prepared through a two-step chemical cross-linking process. Specifically, residual free amino groups of methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) were cross-linked with the aldehyde groups of dibenzaldehyde-terminated telechelic polyethylene glycol (DF-PEG) via Schiff base bonds, forming a gel at 37 °C. During the subsequent 3D bio-printing process, GelMA underwent UV curing, forming a secondary cross-linked network to the mechanical strength and stability of the printed structure. The uniform dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the GelMA/DF-PEG composite hydrogel significantly increased its conductivity. The optimized GelMA/DF-PEG composite hydrogel, i.e., 30% GelMA and 25% DF-PEG (G30D25-CNTs), exhibited superior bio-printability. When the content of CNTs was above 4%, the conductivity of G30D25-CNTs hydrogel exceeded 10–2 S/m, which satisfied the needs of cells for micro-current stimulation. Furthermore, the pore microstructures, swelling behavior, degradation ability and cell toxicity of G30D25-CNTs electroactive hydrogels were thoroughly evaluated. Thus, the G30D25-CNTs hydrogel with 4% MWCNTs could be considered for further application in electrical stimulation of tissue regeneration such as muscle and cardiac nerve tissue repair.
Signal transduction interfaces for field-effect transistor-based biosensors
Authors: Sakata Toshiya
Published: February 2024

Biosensors based on field-effect transistors (FETs) are suitable for use in miniaturized and cost-effective healthcare devices. Various semiconductive materials can be applied as FET channels for biosensing, including one- and two-dimensional materials. The signal transduction interface between the biosample and the channel of FETs plays a key role in translating electrochemical reactions into output signals, thereby capturing target ions or biomolecules. In this Review, distinctive signal transduction interfaces for FET biosensors are introduced, categorized as chemically synthesized, physically structured, and biologically induced interfaces. The Review highlights that these signal transduction interfaces are key in controlling biosensing parameters, such as specificity, selectivity, binding constant, limit of detection, signal-to-noise ratio, and biocompatibility.
Rapid immunoassay for dual-mode detection of HPV16 and HPV18 DNA based on Au@PdPt nanoparticles
Authors: Xiao Huanxin , Chen Weiguang , Lin Mingxia , Jiang Shilin , Cui Xiping , Zhao Suqing
Published: February 2024

A lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) based on Au@PdPt NPs was developed to detect and type the HPV16 and HPV18 simultaneously.
Synergistic effect of surface metal vacancies and Schottky junction on high-transconductance organic photoelectrochemical transistor aptasensing
Authors: Lai Jingjie , Fan Cunhao , You Fuheng , Liu Yuanhao , Zhou Xilong , Lin Yuhang , Ding Lijun , Wang Kun
Published: February 2024

The synergistic effect between surface metal vacancies and a Schottky junction can enhance transconductance and the gating effect of an organic photoelectrochemical transistor.
Dietary patterns, metabolomics and frailty in a large cohort of 120 000 participants
Authors: Yao Zhao , Jia Xueqing , Chen Zhuoneng , Zhang Tianfang , Li Xin , Zhang Liming , Chen Fenfen , Zhang Jingyun , Zhang Ziwei , Liu Zuyun , Chen Zuobing
Published: February 2024

Examining the associations of dietary patterns with frailty and whether metabolic signatures (MSs) mediate these associations.
Beyond biodegradation: upcycling of polylactic acid plastic waste into amino acids via cascade catalysis under mild conditions
Authors: Ma Yingxin , Guo Xuyun , Du Mengmeng , Kang Sailei , Dong Weiliang , Nicolosi Valeria , Cui Zhongli , Zhang Yu , Qiu Bocheng
Published: February 2024

A cascade technology is demonstrated for upcycling of PLA waste into high-value alanine products under mild conditions.
A novel “off–on” peptide fluorescent probe for the detection of copper and sulphur ions in living cells
Authors: Wang Xue-jiao , Zhou Jiang , Yuan Liang-chao , Hou Jing-cheng , Wu Jiang , Lin Peng-cheng
Published: February 2024

The fluorescent peptide probe FGP1 quickly detects Cu2+ions, leading to visible fluorescence quenching. The addition of S2−ions to the FGP1-Cu complex restores fluorescence, resulting in an 'off–on' process.
The existence of a strongly bonded layer in associating liquids within silica pores – a spectral and molecular dynamics study
Authors: Soszka Natalia , Tarnacka Magdalena , Hachuła Barbara , Włodarczyk Patryk , Wrzalik Roman , Hreczka Marek , Paluch Marian , Kamiński Kamil
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we present a novel experimental approach allowing us to reveal the formation of an irreversible adsorption layer in two phenyl alcohols infiltrated into mesoporous silica templates.
Facile synthesis of Zn0.5Cd0.5S nanosheets with tunable S vacancies for highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Yang Linfen , Wang Yuhua , Peng Yong
Published: February 2024

Porous Zn0.5Cd0.5S nanosheets with a controlled amount of S vacancies were prepared by a multistep chemical transformation strategy. The photocatalytic activity of Zn0.5Cd0.5S nanosheets prepared by 4 h hydrolysis is 20.5 times higher than that of Zn0.5Cd0.5S(en)x intermediates.
Two new rare-earth oxyborates Ba4BiTbO(BO3)4 and Ba1.54Sr2.46BiTbO(BO3)4 and luminescence properties of the Ba4BiTb1−xEuxO(BO3)4 phosphors
Authors: Chen Xuean , Yuan Xuyang , Xiao Weiqiang , Song Xiaoyan
Published: February 2024

Two new oxyborates Ba4BiTbO(BO3)4 and Ba1.54Sr2.46BiTbO(BO3)4 were synthesized and structurally characterized and luminescence properties of Ba4BiTb1−xEuxO(BO3)4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) were investigated.
Nanoparticle-directed bimodal crystallization of the quasi-1D van der Waals phase, Bi4I4
Authors: Allison Steven Jay , Cordova Dmitri Leo Mesoza , Hasib Maham , Aoki Toshihiro , Arguilla Maxx Q.
Published: February 2024

Nanoparticle-directed growth of Bi4I4, a quasi-1D vdW crystal, into dimensionally-resolved nanosheets and nanowires.
Doping a metal–organic framework material (ZIF-8) on a perovskite photoconductive detector for improving stability and photoresponsivity
Authors: Guan Shuo , Ning YunHao , Chen Hongda , Huang Beiju , Zhang Bao , Cheng Chuantong
Published: February 2024

We proposed a new method to achieve efficient mixing of MAPbI3 and ZIF-8 nanoparticles that does not require heating treatment, solvent treatment, or a vacuum process. On this basis, a 10 × 10 array of planar photoconductive detectors was prepared.
Ligand-controlled exposure of active sites on the Pd1Ag14 nanocluster surface to boost electrocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Ma Along , Ren Yonggang , Zuo Yang , Wang Jiawei , Huang Shutong , Ma Xiaoshuang , Wang Shuxin
Published: February 2024

Two nanoclusters, Pd1Ag14-S and Pd1Ag14-E, were synthesized, with the latter exposing an Ag active site. eCO2RR studies showed this exposure markedly improves catalytic selectivity for converting CO2 to CO.
Stereomutations in silicate oligomerization: the role of steric hindrance and intramolecular hydrogen bonding
Authors: Prasad Dipak , Mitra Nilanjan
Published: February 2024

Steric hindrance and intramolecular hydrogen bonds influence stereomutations within the intermediate steps of silicate oligomerization.
Colonic ketogenesis, a microbiota-regulated process, contributes to blood ketones and protects against colitis in mice
Authors: Bass Kevin , Sivaprakasam Sathish , Dharmalingam-Nandagopal Gunadharini , Thangaraju Muthusamy , Ganapathy Vadivel
Published: February 2024

Ketogenesis is considered to occur primarily in liver to generate ketones as an alternative energy source for non-hepatic tissues when glucose availability/utilization is impaired. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase-2 (HMGCS2) mediates the rate-limiting step in this mitochondrial pathway. Publicly available databases show marked down-regulation of HMGCS2 in colonic tissues in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. This led us to investigate the expression and function of this pathway in colon and its relevance to colonic inflammation in mice. Hmgcs2 is expressed in cecum and colon. As global deletion of Hmgcs2 showed significant postnatal mortality, we used a conditional knockout mouse with enzyme deletion restricted to intestinal tract. These mice had no postnatal mortality. Fasting blood ketones were lower in these mice, indicating contribution of colonic ketogenesis to circulating ketones. There was also evidence of gut barrier breakdown and increased susceptibility to experimental colitis with associated elevated levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in circulation. Interestingly, many of these phenomena were mostly evident in male mice. Hmgcs2 expression in colon is controlled by colonic microbiota as evidenced from decreased expression in germ-free mice and antibiotic-treated conventional mice and from increased expression in a human colonic epithelial cell line upon treatment with aqueous extracts of cecal contents. Transcriptomic analysis of colonic epithelia from control mice and Hmgcs2-null mice indicated an essential role for colonic ketogenesis in the maintenance of optimal mitochondrial function, cholesterol homeostasis, and cell-cell tight-junction organization. These findings demonstrate a sex-dependent obligatory role for ketogenesis in protection against colonic inflammation in mice.
New insights into GATOR2-dependent interactions and its conformational changes in amino acid sensing
Authors: Yang Can , Sun Xuan , Wu Geng
Published: February 2024

Eukaryotic cells coordinate growth under different environmental conditions via mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). In the amino-acid-sensing signalling pathway, the GATOR2 complex, containing five evolutionarily conserved subunits (WDR59, Mios, WDR24, Seh1L and Sec13), is required to regulate mTORC1 activity by interacting with upstream CASTOR1 (arginine sensor) and Sestrin2 (leucine sensor and downstream GATOR1 complex). GATOR2 complex utilizes β-propellers to engage with CASTOR1, Sestrin2 and GATOR1, removal of these β-propellers results in substantial loss of mTORC1 capacity. However, structural information regarding the interface between amino acid sensors and GATOR2 remains elusive. With the recent progress of the AI-based tool AlphaFold2 (AF2) for protein structure prediction, structural models were predicted for Sentrin2-WDR24-Seh1L and CASTOR1-Mios β-propeller. Furthermore, the effectiveness of relevant residues within the interface was examined using biochemical experiments combined with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Notably, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis detected the structural transition of GATOR2 in response to amino acid signals, and the deletion of Mios β-propeller severely impeded that change at distinct arginine levels. These findings provide structural perspectives on the association between GATOR2 and amino acid sensors and can facilitate future research on structure determination and function.
Construction of Artificial Vagina
Authors: Banerjee M. S.
Published: February 2024

1. The present series consists of 11 cases of congenital absence of vagina. Surgical construction of artificial vagina was done in 10 cases following Shears' modification of Wharton's technique.

2. Initially, split thickness skin graft was used only in I case. Of the remaining 9, only 6 had spontanous epithelisation of the cavity, 2 subsequently required insertion of skin graft, and I had contracture of vagina.

3. Importance of skin grafting of the newly constructed canal is emphasized.

4, Long term result was satisfactory in all married women.
Considerations in Management of Contractures of the Neck
Authors: Sawhney Chander Parkash
Published: February 2024

Behaviour of skin grafts on neck has been studied and effective measures in the form of a P.O P. splint after 7th postoperative day and subsequently a cervicai collar of simple design are recommended to prevent contracture of skin grafts on neck in cases of cervical contractures. The cervical collar properly used significantly stretches the graft and thereby improve the results of repair.
Unilateral Hyperplasia of the Mandibular Condyle
Authors: Khanna N. N. , Gupta S. K. , Sood P. C. , Khanna S.
Published: February 2024

A twenty-two years old patient with a unilateral hyperpiasia of the mandibular condyle has been presented. The clinical and radiological features and the current methods of treatment have been discussed.
Replacement of the Soft Tissue Loss of the Distal Phalanx Index Finger—A Convenient Method
Authors: Bafna P. L. , Pande S. K. , Baid J. C.
Published: February 2024

A convenient method for covering the soft tissue loss of the distal phalanx of the index finger is described. This can be done under local Anaesthesia as an outdoor procedure and gives good cosmetic and functional covering.
Oxyphenbutazone in Plastic Surgery
Authors: Chowdhury Joya
Published: February 2024

To summarise, a preliminary report of acontrolled trial with Oxyphenbutazone in 100 cases undergoing plastic surgery is presented and the evaluation assessed in three Grades and expressed in figures.

It is felt that this drug has proved useful in alleviating pain and reducing post operative swelling and ecchymosis. The trial is being continued for another year.
Cephalometric studies in Palatopharyngeal Complex
Authors: Rohatgi Sheila , Ganguli A. C. , Kundu R. N.
Published: February 2024

A total of 207 cases have been studied for assessing the velopharyngeal dimensions by cephalometry. Of these 106 individuals with normal speech served as a baseline with whom 101 cases of cleft palate were compared to assess the lengths of the hard palate, the axial length of the soft palate and the nasopharyngeal depth.

Importance of cephalometry as an investigation to assess the anatomy, speech pathology and for suggsting appropriate surgery have been discussed.

At the end I would like to thank all those people who helped me complete this paper for presentation. Mr. S. Ghosh and Mr. Prabir Dey without whose cooperation the X-rays would not have been possible.
Contraction and Relaxation in Split Skin Autografts—A Human Study
Authors: Keswani R. K. , Goel N. K.
Published: February 2024

1. Intermediate skin grafis were applied in 30 patients after obtaining a clean surgical wound.

2. Detailed measurement studies have revealed that such grafts contract during the first four weeks post-operatively.

3. Relaxation begins after 4 to 8 weeks so that the ultimate area of skin graft is larger than during its period of maximum contraction.

4. Some skin grafts relax/grow to a larger size than the original area of the skin graft applied at time of operation.

5. Most skin grafts, however, do not regain the original area.
Severe Facio-Maxillary Injury Resulting from Camel Bite
Authors: Sinha J. K. , Srivastava A. B.
Published: February 2024

A rare case of severe facio-maxillary injury resulting from a camel bite is described. Simple procedure like interdental islet wiring can give gratifying results.
Behaviour of Skin Grafts as Regards Changes in its Linear Dimensions
Authors: Sawhney C. P.
Published: February 2024

(1) Behaviour of 60 split skin grafts from various representative regions of the body have been studied by obser vations extending over a period of upto 5 years.

(2) The skin grafts pass through three stages during their life:

(i) Stage of apparent graft contraction which lasts from 2 weeks to 2 months.

(ii) Stage of slow and prolonged relaxation which last upto 10 months.

Stage of settlement when the graft finally adjusts to its new surroundings and left to itself does not change its dimensions after wards.

(3) Finally the graft is smaller than its original size but this true contraction is less than the earlier apparent contraction.
Congenital Urethral Fistula With Stricture of Glandular Urethra
Authors: Yadava Vishwa Nath Sahai , Chandra Ramesh , Sharma Ravindra Naih
Published: February 2024

An extremely rare congenital abnormality of the urethra characterized by a congenital fistula and associated with a stricture of the glandular portion has been presented.
Role of Groin Flap in Acute Hand Injuries
Authors: Thind Rajinder Singh , Singh Ajaipal
Published: February 2024

The clinical experience of resurfacing acute hand injuries requiring full thickness cover in a series of 25 cases with groin flap has been presented. The anatomical basis of this unique and versatile flap has been discussed and its special merits have been brought out. We recommend the use of this flap as an emergency procedure in cases of acute hand trauma in view of its suitability speed, safety, adaptability and dexetrity.
A Statistical Analysis of Post Burn Flexion Deformities in Kashmir
Authors: Malla C. N. , Malla Nancy , Bhan B. M.
Published: February 2024

A statistical analysis of post burn constractures was made with a view to find out the etiology and mechanism of post burn contractures.
Ward Infections—A Study of Morbidity During three years
Authors: Chari P. S.
Published: February 2024

The state of infection in the Division of Plastic Surgery at Post-graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh over a period of three years has been described. The incresing prevalence of gram negative organism in nosocomial infections has been observed. An acceptable rate of wound infection in “clean cases” can be achieved by vigilance and simple measures.
Blood Group Study in Keloid
Authors: Ghosh P. , Ganguly A. C. , Paul A. K.
Published: February 2024

1. Blood group study was done in 75 keloid patients to establish a relationship with the occurance of keloids.
Candida Albicans Infection in Burn
Authors: Sinha R. C. , Sinha B. D.
Published: February 2024

1. Forty cases of burns were studied to detect the incidence of possible secondary infection by candida albicans.

2. In the seven & half percent of cases candida albicans infection have been detected.

3. In all the above patients, it was found that patients were run down and their immune mechanism were suppressed due to prelonged used of modern antibiotics and/or steroids.
An Analysis of Faciol Clefts
Authors: Khanna N. N. , Sood P. C. , Tripathi F. M. , Sinha J. K. , Agarwal A. K.
Published: February 2024

This paper is based on our observations in 833 cases of facial clefts seen at Varanasi. The clefts predominated in males in the ratio of 2.1: 1. Isolated cleft palates were equal in the two sexes, Besides this cleft palate alone constituted a much higher percentage in some of the Northern Countries than observed in India. Other congential anomalies were present in 5%, of the cases.
A New Technique of Anchoring the Mabilised Muco-periosteal Flap to the Underlying Bone in Cleft Palate Surgery
Authors: Mohan Madan , Appukuttan P. K. , Sreenivasan A.
Published: February 2024

A new technique of anchoring the mobilised muco-periosteal flap in cleft palate surgery is described in detail. The merits of this technique are compared to others and are aiso discussed.
Reconstruction in Congenital Anomalies of Vagina
Authors: Khanam Wazira , Rashid P. A.
Published: February 2024

Fourteen cases have been studied on congenital anomalies of vagina, viz 5 cases of congenital absence of vagina, 4 septate vagina and 5 imperforated hymen.

A detailed clinical history and physical examination was conducted on all such cases. However, special investigations were carried out in 5 cases with congenital absence of vagina.

Urological anomalies were detected in 3 cases.

Plastic repair of vagina was done in 4 cases of absent vagina, using skin graft over dental material mould, good results were obtained in 3 cases and fair in one case No mayor post operative compitition was observed in the cases among the present series.
Persistent Urogenital Membrane in Femaie Children Over tie Vaginal Vestibule
Authors: Yodava V. N. S. , Tiwari V. S.
Published: February 2024

This article consists of seven female children with alike congenital problem creating great psychological set back to their parents. The children had persistant urogenital membrane in vestibular area except with a very small opening for urinar; passage. This being a rare congenital anomaly with its very simple technique of its cure, to relieve the mental worry of the parents, prompted us to put this in the literature for further exploration of its etiology and existence.
Designs of Splints for Preventing Skin Graft Contraction and Study of their effectiveness
Authors: Sawhney C. P.
Published: February 2024

The rationale and design of splints to be worn after release of contractures has been presented. Whereas compression splints need to be worn for 6 months, the traction splints have to be muaintained for longer peri ds. The compression splints are more crective than traction splints in preventing contraction of skin grafts.
Use of Intravital Dyes in the Assessment of Deep Burns
Authors: Sinha R. C. , Sinha J. D. P.
Published: February 2024

1. Twenty cases of burns of varying extent were studied in which early excision of areas of deep burn with skin grafting was practised. The deep burn was outlined by Disulphine blue.

2. Another 20 cases were studied in which conservative treatment was given and grafting was done in 3-4 weeks after injury when the slough had separated.

3. It was observed thatin early excision series the period of hospitalization was 30 to 60% less and development of complications was 20-30% less. The mortality was also found to be nil whereas there was 10% mortality in conservative series.
Delayed Exposed Secondary Skin Grafting
Authors: Bilwani P. K.
Published: February 2024

A series of 125 cases of granulating raw areas of different aetiology treated by delayed exposure method of secondary skin grafting is presented. The advantages of the technique have been outlined.
Carcinoma in Split Skin Graft
Authors: Keswani R. K. , Jain R. L. , Beniwal J. S. , Sunil Kumar
Published: February 2024

Two cases of epidermoid carcinoma following surface SSG-one over the right leg and another over the scalp are reported here, Such a complication should be carefully looked for and kept in mind during followup in all skin grafts.
The Use of Apron Flap in Head and Neck Malignancy (A case report)
Authors: Yaday V. N.S. , Sharma R. N. , Agrawal P. K.
Published: February 2024

The apron flap has been used in a 12 years boy of with giant cell epulis of the Jower jaw with good cosmetic and functional result, accomplished by one stage reconstruction.
Penile Agenesis
Authors: Gupta I. J. , Chandra Ramesh
Published: February 2024

This rare congenital znomaly had been reported in only 37 cases The condition is a result of incomplete development of the genital tubercle. Other urogenital anomaly should be investigated thoroughly. The sex assignment should be done by taking into consideration the psychological aspect, harmonal and chromosomal study. The surgical interference should be done in those cases who survive infancy and childhood.
Accessory Scrotum (A Case Report)
Authors: Joharapurkar S. R. , Gupta A. K. , Shende M. B. , Potwar S. A.
Published: February 2024

A case report of accessory scrotum associated with coronal hypospadias with chordee, bifid scrotum and anal stenosis is presented. No corrective surgery was performed as the boy was too young and was asked to come after the age of cne and half years.
Asymmetricai Conjoined Twin
Authors: Sharma R. N. , Gupta I. J.
Published: February 2024

Though number of cases of symmetrical twins had been described in the literature but we have not come across any case of the asymmetrical twin. I would like to know from others about this problem.
Linking institutional context to the community and career embeddedness of skilled migrants: The role of destination- and origin-country identifications
Authors: Stahl Günter K. , Akkan Eren , Reiche B. Sebastian , Hajro Aida , Zellmer-Bruhn Mary , Lazarova Mila , Richter Nicole Franziska , Caprar Dan V. , Zikic Jelena , Björkman Ingmar , Brewster Chris , Cerdin Jean-Luc , Clegg Callen C. , Davoine Eric , Koveshnikov Alexei , Mayrhofer Wolfgang , Zander Lena
Published: February 2024

Migration is one of the most pressing global issues of our time. However, relatively little is known about the factors and mechanisms that govern the post-migration experiences of skilled migrants. We adopt an acculturation- and social identity-based approach to examine how differences between institutional characteristics in the destination and origin country, as well as migrants’ experiences with formal and informal institutions shape their identification with the destination and origin country and contribute to their community and career embeddedness. Our study of 1709 highly skilled migrants from 48 origin countries in 12 destination countries reveals that the institutional environment migrants encounter provides both sources of opportunity (potential for human development and value-congruent societal practices) and sources of disadvantage (experienced ethnocentrism and downgrading). These contrasting dynamics affect migrants’ destination-country identification, their origin-country identification and, ultimately, their embeddedness in the destination country. Our results have important implications for multinational enterprises and policy makers that can contribute to enhancing skilled migrants’ community and career embeddedness. For example, these actors may nurture a work environment and provide supportive policies that buffer against the institutional sources of disadvantage we identified in this study, while helping migrants to leverage the opportunities available in the destination country.
Reactive Management of University Reputation During the COVID Crisis: Governance and the Control of Public Narratives in Chinese Higher Education
Authors: Sun Zhuo
Published: February 2024

Reputation management (RM) is initially applied within business research, whereas under the premise of commercialisation of higher education (HE), this concept has been widely studied in HE realm. China, as one of the emerging countries in global competitions, RM was initially borrowed from Anglo-Saxon HE, and it gradually developed in Chinese HE. However, most of the studies focussing on promotion strategies, which implies crisis management could be dismissed; thus, further studies are needed to develop the holistic picture of RM in Chinese universities. Particularly, how COVID-19 casts an impact on RM in Chinese HE and its link to governance is rarely discussed. This study adopts an active/reactive RM framework to explore the practices of Chinese universities from practitioner’s perspective. The findings suggest that RM in Chinese HE is underdeveloped and overly focussed on external audiences. In response to crises, Chinese universities rely on public narrative control, known as 'Yuqing' management. ‘Yuqing’ directly translates into public opinions, yet it has political impact and reflects the generalisation of prevalence societal opinions and political attitude of people. The rationale of this is deeply rooted within the how Chinese universities are governed, i.e. the financial and political harness.
Exploring socioeconomic similarity-inequality: a regional perspective
Authors: Mouronte-López Mary Luz , Savall Ceres Juana
Published: February 2024

Socioeconomic variables have been studied in many different contexts. Considering several socioeconomic variables as well as using the standard series clustering technique and the Ward’s algorithm, we rank the countries in the world and evaluate the similarity and inequality between geographic areas. Various relationships between variables are also identified. Additionally, since the Gini coefficient is one of the most frequently used metrics to measure economic inequality, with a global scope, we model this coefficient utilising machine learning techniques. 16 exploratory variables are utilised, which pertain to the health (9), economic (2), social labour protection (4) and gender (1) fields. International repositories that include time series of variables referred to these domains as well as education and labour market fields are used.
Multimodal metaphors in a Sino-British co-produced documentary
Authors: Wei Xixi
Published: February 2024

Metaphor is an important tool for people to use in their perception of the world, but its representational forms vary across genres. Using Nvivo 12 plus as a tool, this study employs a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods to investigate the multimodal metaphorical representations, modal characteristics and cognitive rationales in the Sino-British co-produced documentary Through the Seasons: China. It has been discovered that: (1) Multimodal metaphorical representations in documentaries are found to be divided into two primary categories and five sub-categories. Implicit source-verbal and pictorial target is the primary way of representation for documentaries. (2) Various modes, including verbal mode, pictorial mode, verbal and pictorial mode, and implicit mode are employed in documentaries. However, the most commonly used modes are verbal and pictorial mode as well as implicit mode. The relationship between verbal and pictorial modes in the documentary is primarily characterised by juxtaposition and interpretation. (3) The documentary’s genre attributes and purpose, as well as the target audience’s physical and cultural experiences, are important cognitive justifications for the multimodal approach to metaphorical representation. This study further enriches the study of multimodal metaphorical representations and contributes to the theoretical refinement of multimodal metaphors. Additionally, it offers a theoretical reference for the development of dynamic multimodal discourses, such as documentaries, and aids in the improvement of audiences’ multimodal literacy.
Harmful Australian Marine Microalgae
Authors: Hallegraeff Gustaaf
Published: February 2024

Algal blooms have the potential to wipe out fish farms virtually overnight. Contamination of seafoods with algal toxins can poison human consumers of fish and shellfish. During the past two decades, globally there have been significant increases in economic loss and human health impact due to harmful algal blooms.

Harmful Australian Marine Microalgae offers fish and shellfish farmers information on how to effectively identify and monitor for the presence of algal species and take the appropriate species-specific countermeasures. Species descriptions are accompanied by a summary of the known distribution of the alga, its toxicology and, where available, suggestions for countermeasures. The book includes line drawings, light micrographs and electron micrographs to aid identification, as well as references and resources for further information. This guide will be valuable to fisheries and public health officials as well as all those involved in environmental water quality assessment.
Priorities for data collection through a prospective cohort study on gender-affirming hormone therapy in Aotearoa New Zealand: community and clinical perspectives
Authors: Carroll Rona , Rose Sally B. , Ker Alex , Pettie Michaela A. , Garrett Susan M.
Published: February 2024

Introduction Gender affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) is an important aspect of health care for many transgender and non-binary (TNB) people, but little is known about the long-term outcomes for TNB people in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ). Pathways to access GAHT are shifting from secondary care towards primary care, so this is an opportune time to commence local research on long-term health and wellbeing outcomes for people initiating GAHT. Aim This paper aims to report on the key findings from four meetings held to inform the design of a prospective cohort study to follow the journey of people initiating GAHT in primary and secondary care settings in NZ. Methods We worked with a community advisory group of six TNB young people and sought input from 14 health care providers involved in the care of TNB people initiating GAHT (GPs, secondary care doctors, and mental health providers). Semi-structured interview schedules were used to guide discussions. Template analysis was used to initially code data based on themes identified from the interview schedule and new themes from discussions were added. Results Participants shared ideas about recruitment and data collection priorities for baseline and follow-up surveys. These included understanding the journey to starting hormone therapy (information-seeking, decision-making), access to services for GAHT initiation, appropriateness of information provision, receipt of the first prescription, goals for and experience of GAHT, and the unique needs of non-binary people. Discussion Input from a TNB advisory group and health care professionals has informed the development of a survey that will be used to understand the experience of, and outcomes for, people starting GAHT in NZ. Findings from this planned prospective cohort study have the potential to improve access to GAHT for TNB people who wish to pursue this option.
Chlamydia retesting remains low among young women in Australia: an observational study using sentinel surveillance data, 2018–2022
Authors: Munari Stephanie C. , Wilkinson Anna L. , Asselin Jason , Owen Louise , Read Phillip , Finlayson Robert , Martin Sarah , Bell Charlotte , O’Connor Catherine C. , Carter Allison , Guy Rebecca , McNulty Anna , Varma Rick , Chow Eric P. F. , Fairley Christopher K. , Donovan Basil , Stoove Mark , Goller Jane L. , Hocking Jane , Hellard Margaret E.
Published: February 2024

Background Chlamydia remains the most notified bacterial sexually transmissible infection in Australia with guidelines recommending testing for re-infection at 3 months post treatment. This paper aimed to determine chlamydia retesting and repeat positivity rates within 2–4 months among young women in Australia, and to evaluate what factors increase or decrease the likelihood of retesting. Methods Chlamydia retesting rates among 16–29-year-old women were analysed from Australian Collaboration for Coordinated Enhanced Sentinel Surveillance of sexually transmissible infection and bloodborne virus (ACCESS) sentinel surveillance data (n = 62 sites). Among women with at least one positive test between 1 January 2018 and 31 August 2022, retesting counts and proportions within 2–4 months were calculated. Logistic regression was performed to assess factors associated with retesting within 2–4 months. Results Among 8758 women who were positive before 31 August 2022 to allow time for follow up, 1423 (16.2%) were retested within 2–4 months, of whom 179 (12.6%) tested positive. The odds of retesting within 2–4 months were 25% lower if tested in a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-9) pandemic year (2020–2022) (aOR = 0.75; 95% CI 0.59–0.95). Among 9140 women with a positive test before 30 November 2022, 397 (4.3%) were retested too early (within 7 days to 1 month) and 81 (20.4%) of those were positive. Conclusions Chlamydia retesting rates remain low with around a sixth of women retested within 2–4 months in line with guidelines. Re-infection is common with around one in eight retesting positive. An increase in retesting is required to reduce the risk of reproductive complications and onward transmission.
Thin-body effects in double-gate tunnel field-effect transistors
Authors: Chien Nguyen Dang , Thai Bui Huu , Shih Chun-Hsing
Published: February 2024

Scaling down the body thickness (T
b) of double-gate tunnel field-effect transistors (DG-TFETs) is helpful in suppressing short-channel effects, but it may give rise to thin-body effects (TBEs). Based on 2D device simulations, this study examines the mechanisms and influences of TBEs in DG-TFETs as T
b is scaled down. Differently from previous beliefs, the on-current degradation in thin-body DG-TFETs is not mainly caused by the volume effect, but rather by a newly defined TBE named lateralization effect. This is because the lateralization of tunneling direction significantly increases tunnel width, whereas the reduction of tunneling volume is quite limited due to narrow tunneling regions. To study the T
b-dependence of current, therefore, the vertical tunneling has to be taken into consideration. When considered as a TBE, the fringing field effect caused by reduction in T
b is not significant in degrading the on-current of thin-body DG-TFETs because the narrow tunneling regions are strongly gate-controlled. The only TBE that enhances the on-current is the coupling effect, but its role is only significant for low-bandgap bodies in which the coupling effect can efficiently promote the tunneling towards the body center. Not as previously thought that the quantum confinement effect monotonically increased, it even decreases as T
b decreases down to sub-10 nm before turning to increase, thanks to the space sharing between proximate local quantum wells. A comprehensive understanding of the TBEs is useful for providing design insight, especially for determining the optimal T
b to maximize the on-current.
A nanoscale study of hafnium oxide resistive memory switching dynamics
Authors: Blonkowski S , BenYoussef M , Kogelschatz M
Published: February 2024

This paper deals with the set and reset time measurements of a resistive memory consisting of a Ti/TiN/HfO2 layer stack contacted with the tip of a conductive atomic force microscope in ultra high vacuum. We present measurements of the set and reset switching times in voltage pulse regime for different voltages and compliance currents. The experimental results are well reproduced by simulation. We derive analytical expressions for the set and reset times as function of experimental conditions. The effect of voltage and current on reset and set switching times is then discussed with the help of their analytical expressions, which are also applied on standard devices characteristics.
Leakage monitoring and diagnosis of LNG storage tanks with temperature sensing network integration and artificial intelligence algorithm
Authors: Wu Yujian , Yang Gang , Sun Jiangang , Cui Lifu , Wang Mengzhu
Published: February 2024

Temperature is the most important safety monitoring indicator for leakage diagnosis during the operation phase of liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage tanks. Timely monitoring and accurate identification of LNG leakage events are crucial for accident prevention, loss reduction, and facility safety maintenance. This study integrates artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms and temperature sensing data to achieve intelligent monitoring and diagnosis of leakage in LNG storage tanks. Firstly, a comprehensive temperature sensing network is constructed by combining numerical simulation of the temperature field and temperature sensing experiments using fiber Bragg grating sensors. Secondly, Python is used to perform linear grid interpolation and flattening on the sensing network, generating 2D temperature nephogram samples that are conducive to AI algorithm recognition. Finally, sample features are extracted using machine vision, and leakage location calculation, leakage diagnosis and leakage volume calculation are implemented with the help of machine learning algorithms, achieving satisfactory accuracy on the test set. In addition, the ConvLSTM framework is introduced for deep learning and recurrent neural network training, enabling spatiotemporal prediction of the leakage area.
A single-stage anchor-free rotating target visual detection algorithm suitable for flexible body vibration displacement measurement
Authors: Li Mao , Wang Sen , Liu Chang , Liu Tao
Published: February 2024

The phenomenon of angular inclination of flexible structures during vibration poses a significant challenge to the applicability of visual vibration measurement methods because the target locked in the captured image will produce unknown geometric deformations such as scale, displacement, and angle in the time domain space, and the horizontal rectangular frame used for matching during target detection will also increase the false detection rate of the target due to the introduction of more background information. Such subtle geometric deformations and false detections can lead to severe fit errors in the displacement curves regressed by the visual vibration measurement algorithm. To effectively improve the accuracy and robustness of vibration image target recognition, this article takes the flexible body captured by a high-speed camera as the target of vibration displacement measurement. It introduces the rotating target detection method based on deep learning into the field of visual vibration measurement, which verifies the feasibility of the deep learning method in flexible body vibration measurement, and based on the deep convolutional neural network framework, a high-precision displacement measurement algorithm based on single-stage anchor-free rotating target detection is proposed. The algorithm in this article first uses the CSPDarknet backbone network to extract multi-scale features of flexible structural image sequences. It then uses PANet to fuse the top-down and bottom-up bidirectional feature maps of the four bridge target feature maps obtained through the backbone network. The shallow and deep information is used for semantic feature fusion and combined with the Coordinate Attention mechanism to achieve target finding and fine positioning on the feature map. Finally, we use the coordinates of the bounding box obtained from the test to regress the position offset of the object’s center point. To verify the accuracy of the algorithm in this article, we conducted experimental validation on the cable-stayed bridge model and the actual bridge and compared the performance with the traditional template matching algorithm, differential optical flow method, and various deep learning algorithms with different localization principles, as well as the displacement signals collected and processed by accelerometers. The experimental results of time-frequency characteristics analysis show that the vibration displacement trajectories regressed by the algorithm in this paper have the best overlap with the displacement measurements collected by the accelerometer, which verifies that the algorithm in this article has good application potential and implementation space in the field of condition monitoring of flexible structural bodies.
A fault diagnosis method based on label-wise density-domain space learning
Authors: Su Shuzhi , Hou Yakui , Zhu Yanmin , Zhang Zhipeng
Published: February 2024

Nonlinear space learning of fault samples is a category of common fault diagnosis methods, which usually use Euclidean distances to describe manifold structures among fault samples. However, in nonlinear space, Euclidean distances lead to a potential manifold loss problem. Aiming these issues, we propose a novel fault diagnosis method based on label-wise density-domain space learning. The label-wise density-domain space learns more intrinsic manifold structures from four density-constrained order graphs. Density-constrained order graphs constructed by our method integrate different discriminative relationships from original fault samples with the help of density-domain information, and the density-domain information can effectively capture potential density information and global structure between fault samples. By density Laplacian of the graphs, we further construct a label-wise density-domain manifold space learning model, and the analytical solutions of space projections can be obtained by solving the model. Fault features directly obtained by the space projections possess good class separability. Extensive experiments on the Case Western Reserve University fault dataset and a roll-bearing fault dataset from our roll-bearing test platform show the effectiveness and robustness of our method.
Mg incorporation induced microstructural evolution of reactively sputtered GaN epitaxial films to Mg-doped GaN nanorods
Authors: Monish Mohammad , Major S S
Published: February 2024

Mg-doped GaN films/nanorods were grown epitaxially on c-sapphire by reactive co-sputtering of GaAs and Mg at different N2 percentages in Ar–N2 sputtering atmosphere. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy revealed that the Mg incorporation increases with increase of Mg area coverage of GaAs target, but does not depend on N2 percentage. In comparison to undoped GaN films, Mg-doped GaN displayed substantial decrease of lateral conductivity and electron concentration with the initial incorporation of Mg, indicating p-type doping, but revealed insulating behaviour at larger Mg content. Morphological investigations by scanning electron microscopy have shown that the films grown with 2%–4% Mg area coverages displayed substantially improved columnar structure, compared to undoped GaN films, along with rough and voided surface features at lower N2 percentages. With increase of Mg area coverage to 6%, the growth of vertically aligned and well-separated nanorods, terminating with smooth hexagonal faces was observed in the range of 50%–75% N2 in sputtering atmosphere. High-resolution x-ray diffraction studies confirmed the epitaxial character of Mg-doped GaN films and nanorods, which displayed complete c-axis orientation of crystallites and a mosaic structure, aligned laterally with the c-sapphire lattice. The catalyst-free growth of self-assembled Mg-doped GaN nanorods is attributed to increase of surface energy anisotropy due to the incorporation of Mg. However, with further increase of Mg area coverage to 8%, the nanorods revealed lateral merger, suggesting enhanced radial growth at larger Mg content.
Spectrum learning for super-resolution tomographic reconstruction
Authors: Li Zirong , An Kang , Yu Hengyong , Luo Fulin , Pan Jiayi , Wang Shaoyu , Zhang Jianjia , Wu Weiwen , Chang Dingyue
Published: February 2024

Objective. Computed Tomography (CT) has been widely used in industrial high-resolution non-destructive testing. However, it is difficult to obtain high-resolution images for large-scale objects due to their physical limitations. The objective is to develop an improved super-resolution technique that preserves small structures and details while efficiently capturing high-frequency information. Approach. The study proposes a new deep learning based method called spectrum learning (SPEAR) network for CT images super-resolution. This approach leverages both global information in the image domain and high-frequency information in the frequency domain. The SPEAR network is designed to reconstruct high-resolution images from low-resolution inputs by considering not only the main body of the images but also the small structures and other details. The symmetric property of the spectrum is exploited to reduce weight parameters in the frequency domain. Additionally, a spectrum loss is introduced to enforce the preservation of both high-frequency components and global information. Main results. The network is trained using pairs of low-resolution and high-resolution CT images, and it is fine-tuned using additional low-dose and normal-dose CT image pairs. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed SPEAR network outperforms state-of-the-art networks in terms of image reconstruction quality. The approach successfully preserves high-frequency information and small structures, leading to better results compared to existing methods. The network’s ability to generate high-resolution images from low-resolution inputs, even in cases of low-dose CT images, showcases its effectiveness in maintaining image quality. Significance. The proposed SPEAR network’s ability to simultaneously capture global information and high-frequency details addresses the limitations of existing methods, resulting in more accurate and informative image reconstructions. This advancement can have substantial implications for various industries and medical diagnoses relying on accurate imaging.