bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mortality and Severe Complications Among Newly Graduated Surgeons in the United States
Authors: Howard Ryan A. , Thelen Angela E. , Chen Xilin , Gates Rebecca , Krumm Andrew E. , Millis M Andrew , Gupta Tanvi , Brown Craig S. , Bandeh-Ahmadi Hoda , Wnuk Greg M. , Yee Chia Chye , Ryan Andrew M. , Mukherjee Bhramar , Dimick Justin B. , George Brian C.
Published: October 2023

Objective:

To evaluate severe complications and mortality over years of independent practice among general surgeons.

Summary Background Data:

Despite concerns that newly graduated general surgeons may be unprepared for independent practice, it is unclear whether patient outcomes differ between early and later career surgeons.

Methods:

We used Medicare claims for patients discharged between July 1, 2007 and December 31, 2019 to evaluate 30-day severe complications and mortality for 26 operations defined as core procedures by the American Board of Surgery. Generalized additive mixed models were used to assess the association between surgeon years in practice and 30-day outcomes while adjusting for differences in patient, hospital, and surgeon characteristics.

Results:

The cohort included 1,329,358 operations performed by 14,399 surgeons. In generalized mixed models, the relative risk (RR) of mortality was higher among surgeons in their first year of practice compared to surgeons in their 15th year of practice (5.5% [95% CI 4.1%-7.3%] vs. 4.7% [95% CI 3.5%-6.3%], RR 1.17 [95% CI 1.11-1.22). Similarly, the relative risk of severe complications was higher among surgeons in their first year of practice compared to surgeons in their 15th year of practice (7.5% [95% CI 6.6%-8.5%]) vs. 6.9% [95% CI 6.1%-7.9%], RR 1.08 [95% CI 1.03-1.14]). When stratified by individual operation, 21 operations had a significantly higher relative risk of mortality and all 26 operations had a significantly higher relative risk of severe complications in the first compared to the 15th year of practice.

Conclusions:

Among general surgeons performing common operations, rates of mortality and severe complications were higher among newly graduated surgeons compared to later career surgeons.
Do hospital-based emergency Medicaid programs benefit trauma centers? A mixed-methods analysis
Authors: Knowlton Lisa Marie , Logan Daniel S. , Arnow Katherine , Hendricks Wesley D. , Gibson Alexander B. , Tran Linda D. , Wagner Todd H. , Morris Arden M.
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION

Hospital Presumptive Eligibility (HPE) is a temporary Medicaid insurance at hospitalization, which can offset patient costs of care, increase access to postdischarge resources, and provide a path to sustain coverage through Medicaid. Less is known about the implications of HPE programs on trauma centers (TCs). We aimed to describe the association with HPE and hospital Medicaid reimbursement and characterize incentives for HPE participation among hospitals and TCs. We hypothesized that there would be financial, operational, and mission-based incentives.

METHODS

We performed a convergent mixed methods study of HPE hospitals in California (including all verified TCs). We analyzed Annual Financial Disclosure Reports from California's Department of Health Care Access and Information (2005–2021). Our primary outcome was Medicaid net revenue. We also conducted thematic analysis of semistructured interviews with hospital stakeholders to understand incentives for HPE participation (n = 8).

RESULTS

Among 367 California hospitals analyzed, 285 (77.7%) participate in HPE, 77 (21%) of which are TCs. As of early 2015, 100% of TCs had elected to enroll in HPE. There is a significant positive association between HPE participation and net Medicaid revenue. The highest Medicaid revenues are in HPE level I and level II TCs. Controlling for changes associated with the Affordable Care Act, HPE enrollment is associated with increased net patient Medicaid revenue (b = 6.74, p < 0.001) and decreased uncompensated care costs (b = −2.22, p < 0.05). Stakeholder interviewees' explanatory incentives for HPE participation included reduction of hospital bad debt, improved patient satisfaction, and community benefit in access to care.

CONCLUSION

Hospital Presumptive Eligibility programs not only are a promising pathway for long-term insurance coverage for trauma patients but also play a role in TC viability. Future interventions will target streamlining the HPE Medicaid enrollment process to reduce resource burden on participating hospitals and ensure ongoing patient engagement in the program.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

Economic And Value Based Evaluations; Level II.
Decoding pan-cancer treatment outcomes using multimodal real-world data and explainable artificial intelligence
Authors: Keyl Julius , Keyl Philipp , Montavon Grégoire , Hosch René , Brehmer Alexander , Mochmann Liliana , Jurmeister Philipp , Dernbach Gabriel , Kim Moon , Koitka Sven , Bauer Sebastian , Bechrakis Nikolaos , Forsting Michael , Führer-Sakel Dagmar , Glas Martin , Grünwald Viktor , Hadaschik Boris , Haubold Johannes , Herrmann Ken , Kasper Stefan , Kimmig Rainer , Lang Stephan , Rassaf Tienush , Roesch Alexander , Schadendorf Dirk , Siveke Jens T. , Stuschke Martin , Sure Ulrich , Totzeck Matthias , Welt Anja , Wiesweg Marcel , Baba Hideo A. , Nensa Felix , Egger Jan , Müller Klaus-Robert , Schuler Martin , Klauschen Frederick , Kleesiek Jens
Published: October 2023

Despite advances in precision oncology, clinical decision-making still relies on limited parameters and expert knowledge. To address this limitation, we combined multimodal real- world data and explainable artificial intelligence (xAI) to introduce novel AI-derived (AID) markers for clinical decision support.

We used deep learning to model the outcome of 15,726 patients across 38 solid cancer entities based on 350 markers, including clinical records, image-derived body compositions, and mutational tumor profiles. xAI determined the prognostic contribution of each clinical marker at the patient level and identified 114 key markers that accounted for 90% of the neural network’s decision process. Moreover, xAI enabled us to uncover 1,373 prognostic interactions between markers. Our approach was validated in an independent cohort of 3,288 lung cancer patients from a US nationwide electronic health record-derived database.

These results show the potential of xAI to transform the assessment of clinical parameters and enable personalized, data-driven cancer care.
Gender of firm leadership, audit committee gender diversity and audit quality through the lens of audit fee: a Ghanaian insight
Authors: Luh Peter Kodjo
Published: October 2023

Purpose

This study aims to examine how woman leadership (i.e., woman board chairperson, woman chief executive officer (CEO) and board gender diversity) affects audit fee and also ascertained the interactive effect of woman leadership and gender diversity on audit committee on audit fee.

Design/methodology/approach

The study applied ordinary least square and fixed-effect estimators on the data of 21 universal banks in Ghana for the period 2010–2021 to estimate the empirical results.

Findings

It is revealed that under the leadership of women (woman CEO and board gender diversity), higher external audit quality is ensured as higher audit fee is paid. Interestingly, it was found that with the presence of women on the audit committee, the integrity of internal controls and internal audit procedures are enhanced, which leads to quality financial reporting, calls for lower audit effort, hence lower audit fee.

Practical implications

The result indicates that firms can rely on the leadership of women in ensuring quality external audit and quality financial reporting, which ultimately helps to minimize the information risk to all stakeholders.

Originality/value

The paper contributes to extant literature by establishing that, under the leadership of women in banking entities from a developing country context, external audit quality and financial reporting are achieved.
The effect of corporate governance, corporate social responsibility and information asymmetry on the value of Indonesian-listed firms
Authors: Lahjie Annisa Abubakar , Natoli Riccardo , Zuhair Segu
Published: October 2023

Purpose

This study aims to examine the influence of corporate governance (CG) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) on firm value while accounting for the impact of information asymmetry.

Design/methodology/approach

This empirical analysis is based on 1,079 observations from 83 listed Indonesian firms for the period 2007–2019. The authors applied simultaneous equation models with ordinary least squares and two-stage least squares.

Findings

The authors present empirical evidence of CG mechanisms that significantly contribute to low levels of CSR. Moreover, the authors identify a significant impact of information asymmetry on the relationship between CG, CSR and firm value.

Research limitations/implications

The results show that information asymmetry, CG and CSR do not necessarily result in improved firm value across boards. Moreover, the employment of a nonlinear Cobb–Douglas-type function indicated diminishing marginal returns.

Practical implications

The findings can help policymakers in developing countries in improving the monitoring and supervisory roles of CG mechanisms to provide more support to CSR, increasing regulatory pressures for improved CSR performance and reducing information asymmetry by adopting a standardized CSR reporting scheme.

Social implications

The suggested implications can contribute to more sustainable practices among Indonesian-listed firms as well as improving relationships with consumers and stakeholders toward the practice of CSR.

Originality/value

The adoption of a comprehensive CSR measurement tool to examine the value of CSR contributes to the extant literature, along with examining the impact of information asymmetry on the relationship between CG, CSR and firm value in a developing country context.
“I never display my emotions”: emotion suppression among Ultra-Orthodox female teachers
Authors: Oplatka Izhar , Vertaimer Riki
Published: October 2023

Purpose

The current study explored the process of emotion regulation among Ultra-Orthodox female teachers in Jewish educational system in Israel.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employed a semi-structured interview comprising 13 Ultra-Orthodox female teachers in single-sex education for girls.

Findings

The teachers preferred to suppress their positive and negative emotions rather than displaying them in their interactions with students, emphasizing the importance of self-restraint and self-control in their professional work and in their religious society.

Originality/value

The paper sheds light on the connection between traditional societies whose culture is grounded deeply in their religious faith and teachers' modes of emotion regulation. The findings may enhance the understanding of cultural and contextual influences on teachers' emotion regulation and shed light on the ways in which female teachers balance their personal feelings with emotional rules in the religious society in which they live and work.
Between friend and foe: drivers and patterns of dyadic relationship framing in policy network
Authors: Lee Junesoo , Lee Jeongyoon
Published: October 2023

Purpose

This article aims to explore (1) specific frames of dyadic relationship in policy network beyond a simplistic dichotomy of “friend or foe” and (2) the multi-dimensional drivers behind the framing patterns.

Design/methodology/approach

To that end, the interviews with the key actors in a nuclear energy policy network in South Korea were conducted, and their relationships in terms of three dimensions were analyzed: belief accordance, communication frequency and resource symmetry.

Findings

As a result, 12 relationships that can occur in the policy networks were identified: helping, collaborating, cooperating, unconcerned, stabilizing, observing, pushing, confronting, challenging, ignoring, watching and avoiding. These 12 frames were observed in various in-/congruent patterns between network actors.

Originality/value

The findings provide theoretical and practical implications on why and how the network actors may assess one another through the 12 discrete frames, which are drawn from the three dimensional drivers of belief accordance, communication frequency and resource symmetry.
Optimal employment model for an entrant platform in on-demand service market
Authors: Zhang Ling , Feng Nan , Feng Haiyang , Li Minqiang
Published: October 2023

Purpose

For an entrant platform in the on-demand service market, choosing an appropriate employment model is critical. This study explores how the entrant optimally chooses the employment model to achieve better performance and investigates the optimal pricing strategies and wage schemes for both incumbent and entrant platforms.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the Hotelling model, the authors develop a game-theoretic framework to study the incumbent's and entrant's optimal service prices and wage schemes. Moreover, the authors determine the entrant's optimal employment model by comparing the entrant's optimal profits under different market configurations and analytically analyze the impacts of some critical factors on the platforms' decision-making.

Findings

This study reveals that the impacts of the unit misfit cost of suppliers or consumers on the pricing strategies and wage schemes vary with different operational efficiencies of platforms. Only when both the service efficiency of contractors and the basic employee benefits are low, entrants should adopt the employee model. Moreover, a lower unit misfit cost of suppliers or consumers makes entrants more likely to choose the contractor model. However, the service efficiency of contractors has nonmonotonic effects on the entrant's decision.

Originality/value

This study focuses on an entrant's decision on the optimal employment model in an on-demand service market, considering the competition between entrants and incumbents on both the supplier and consumer sides, which has not been investigated in the prior literature.
Is it fair? How and when exploitative leadership impacts employees' knowledge sharing
Authors: Wang Changyu , Zhang Yimeng , Feng Jiaojiao
Published: October 2023

Purpose

Exploitative leadership as a form of destructive leadership may hinder employees' knowledge sharing. However, how and when exploitative leadership impacts employees' knowledge sharing is under explored. Drawing on fairness heuristic theory, this study aims to construct a moderated mediation model to investigate the impacting mechanisms of exploitative leadership on employees' knowledge sharing by introducing organization-based self-esteem as a mediator and perceived organizational procedural justice as a moderator.

Design/methodology/approach

To test the research model, data were collected from 148 full-time employees at two-time points and analyzed using partial least square-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM).

Findings

Exploitative leadership has a direct negative impact on knowledge sharing. Through the mediation of organization-based self-esteem, exploitative leadership has an indirect impact on knowledge sharing. Organizational procedural justice can weaken the indirect negative relationship between exploitative leadership and knowledge sharing via organization-based self-esteem.

Originality/value

This study is the first to introduce fairness heuristic theory to explain the relationship between exploitative leadership and knowledge sharing. Findings about the mediating role of organizational self-esteem and the moderating role of organizational procedural justice in the relationship between exploitative leadership and knowledge sharing can uncover the black box of how exploitative leadership affects knowledge sharing.
Should asset impairments be included in earnings when evaluating stewardship by management?
Authors: Dymock Andrew , Wells Peter , Govendir Brett
Published: October 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to consider the relevance of asset impairments when evaluating stewardship by management.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper considers association of earnings (including and excluding asset impairments) with contemporaneous stock returns which are used as a measure of management performance and demonstration of stewardship.

Findings

Evidence is provided of earnings including asset impairments (an accounting measure of current measure firm performance) having a higher explanatory power for contemporaneous stock returns (an objective evaluation of current period firm performance) than earnings exclusive of asset impairments. Consistent with this, recognized asset impairments are significantly associated with contemporaneous stock returns. These results occur across firm years generally, as well as for firm years exhibiting indicators of impairment and firm years recognizing asset impairments.

Research limitations/implications

This paper adds to the literature providing evidence of asset impairments not being recognised on a timely basis. Additionally, challenges are identified in evaluating the relevance of accounting information for so-called growth firms.

Practical implications

These findings support continued recognition of asset impairments in the Statement of Profit or Loss if stewardship is accepted as an objective for financial reporting. It also suggests issues with the recognition of asset impairments that might be addressed by enhanced disclosure.

Originality/value

This paper is distinctive in that it considers the relevance of accounting information for evaluating stewardship, as distinct from decision-making. It also considers alternate measure of performance (earnings including and excluding asset impairments) for all firms rather than only those disclosing an alternate measure (i.e. a fair horse race)
Compliments or complaints: an evaluation of a community oriented policing practice
Authors: Pelfrey William , Keener Steven
Published: October 2023

Purpose

This research study evaluates an innovative community-oriented policing program, designed to enhance officer accountability, thereby informing the scholarly community and agency decision-makers.

Design/methodology/approach

A multi-method approach was employed, leveraging pre- and post-implementation data collection phases. Data were collected via surveys of officers and focus groups with officers, as well as interviews with agency decision-makers.

Findings

While officers were originally resistant to the STOP Card program, postimplementation perceptions, evinced through both survey and focus group data, were supportive. Agency administrators were consistently supportive of the initiative.

Originality/value

This is a novel program, implemented by a university police agency set in an urban area. The utility of this and similar efforts may influence agency initiatives.
Toward a circular tourism industry: the importance of a start-up ecosystem
Authors: Vargas-Sanchez Alfonso
Published: October 2023

Purpose

This paper contributes to addressing the research gap relating to the absence of a systematic analysis as to how new technologies can support the application of circular economic principles in the tourism industry through the promotion and articulation of a start-up ecosystem able to feed tourism organizations with circular economy solutions.

Design/methodology/approach

A sample from a population of start-ups, mainly Spanish, linked to the circular economy was gathered and analyzed; in addition to secondary data, a survey was designed and administered for the purpose of primary tourism industry data collection.

Findings

A holistic start-up ecosystem for circular tourism is taking shape, facilitated by interactions between tourism and other economic activities, with the aim of tackling a diversity of circular economic objectives. The interest from start-ups in the circular economy for tourism seems to be rising, with attention given to certain technologies in line with the trend toward digitization and automation processes. Nevertheless, the potential for growth in the application of Technology 4.0 remains significant. Finally, the circular principle of reduction (energy and food waste) has emerged as a key objective in tourism.

Originality/value

The article provides insights on the application of circular economic principles in tourism through its interaction with a specialized start-up ecosystem able to support a paradigm shift toward circular tourism.
Unraveling the debate: Can the skin manifestations of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and vaccination be explained by the reactivation of herpes virus?
Authors: Getzler Itamar E. , Vered Shiraz , Gavze Revital Perlov , Adler Limor , Oved Michal
Published: October 2023

Since the COVID‐19 outbreak, there have been numerous reports concerning COVID‐19 skin manifestations. Debate has ensued as to whether these lesions are unique or represent a form of viral reactivation. The aim of this research was to compare the incidence of herpetic skin lesions between a COVID‐19 group, a Sars‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccination group, and their respective controls, taking into account their Herpesviridae carrier status. To achieve this goal, the Maccabi Healthcare Services' database was scanned and cohorts of both verified COVID‐19 and mRNA vaccinated patients were extracted and matched to random control groups. Patients with a documented occurrence of any Herpesviridae infection that occurred prior to the studied ‘event’ (i.e., COVID‐19 or mRNA vaccination) were regarded as carriers of Herpesviridae. A COVID‐19‐related or vaccination‐related lesion was defined as a clinically diagnosed herpetic lesion appearing 1 month after the index date. In the COVID‐19 cohort, there was an insignificant difference in herpetic lesion incidence between the groups. However, logistic regression demonstrated that the interaction of COVID‐19 with the Herpesviridae carrier status was statistically significant. For the vaccination cohort, the data showed statistically significant differences between groups in herpetic frequencies, which manifested as an almost 2‐fold odds of developing a herpetic lesion. In conclusion, following the analysis of two large cohorts, there is evidence to support the contribution of both COVID‐19 and the mRNA vaccine to the reactivation of Herpesviridae. Our results diminish the idea that COVID‐19 has unique, herpetic‐like lesions.
Dermato‐neuro syndrome after COVID‐19 infection in a patient with scleromyxoedema: Previously successful treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins
Authors: Li Yan , Wang Hui , Wang Aiqin , Zhao Guowei
Published: October 2023

Scleromyxedema (SMX) is a rare disease of unknown cause. It is a chronic, progressive, metabolic disorder characterized by a generalized papular and scleroderma‐like rash, as well as a subtype of lichen myxedematosus. Dermato‐neuro syndrome (DNS) is a rare neurological complication of SMX. It has flu‐like prodromal symptoms; consists of a triad of fever, coma, and seizures; and can be life‐threatening. We describe a patient with SMX complicated by DNS after infection with COVID‐19. Her symptoms resolved after treatment with acyclovir and low‐dose glucocorticoids, suggesting that DNS seizures may have a viral cause. Her skin lesions also improved after seven courses of intravenous immunoglobulin treatment, confirming that intravenous immunoglobulin is effective in these cases.
Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality as a versatile tool in food consumer behavior evaluation: Recent advances in aroma, taste, and texture incorporation
Authors: Bhavadharini B , Monica V , Anbarasan R , Mahendran R
Published: October 2023

The perceptual behavior of consumers on a product displayed in the market has a vital role in analyzing the importance given to that product. Therefore, various strategies have been developed to understand this consumer behavior in the selection of products. Immersive technologies like virtual, augmented, and mixed reality are among them. With the foremost feature of immersion in the virtual world and interaction of users with virtual objects, virtual reality, and augmented reality have unlocked their potential in research and a user‐friendly tool for analyzing consumer behavior. In addition to these technologies, mixed reality also has a significant role in investigating consumer behavior. Studies on immersive technologies in food applications are vast, hence this review focuses on the applications of virtual, augmented, and mixed reality in the food selection behavior of consumers. The behavioral studies are elicited to develop new products based on consumer needs, to understand the shopping behavior in supermarkets for real‐time usage, and to know the influence of emotions in a selection of products. The findings suggest that virtual, augmented, and mixed reality induce immersion of the users in food selection behavioral studies. Information on the technological advancements in the tools used for bringing immersion and interaction are discussed for its futuristic applications in food. Though immersive technology gives users a realistic virtual environment experience, its application in food systems is in the budding stage. More research on human response studies would contribute to its innovative and inevitable application in the future.
Object use in insects
Authors: Wen Chao , Wang Cai , Guo Xiaoli , Li Hongyu , Xiao Haijun , Wen Junbao , Dong Shikui
Published: October 2023

Insects are the most diverse group of organisms in the animal kingdom, and some species exhibit complex social behaviors. Although research on insect object use is still in its early stages, insects have already been shown to display rich object‐use behaviors. This review focuses on patterns and behavioral flexibility in insect object‐use behavior, and the role of cultural evolution in the development of object‐use behaviors. Object use in insects is not widespread but has been documented in a diverse set of taxa. Some insects can use objects flexibly and display various object‐use patterns. Like mammals and birds, insects use objects in diverse activities, including foraging, predator defense, courtship, and play. Intelligence, pre‐existing manipulative behaviors, and anatomical structure affect innovations in object use. In addition, learning and imitation are the main mechanisms underlying the spread of object‐use behaviors within populations. Given that insects are one of the major animal groups engaging in object use, studies of insect object use could provide general insights into object use in the animal kingdom.
HARKing can be good for science: Why, when, and how c/should we Hypothesizing After Results are Known or Proposing research questions After Results are Known
Authors: Baruch Yehuda
Published: October 2023

This provocation challenges the current view that practicing HARKing (Hypothesizing After Results are Known) must be avoided under all circumstances. I explain why and under which circumstances scholars may be allowed, even encouraged, to follow this practice. I use the extant literature and specific cases to show how HARKing can help generate new and worthy knowledge, and why an outright ban on HARKing is wrong for the field of social sciences—and, particularly, for business and management studies. The argument expands the phenomenon to PARKing too (Proposing research questions After Results are Known). The implications for knowledge creation are critical because this practice could hinder research and might defy logic. This provocation is intended as a thought‐provoking exercise, hopefully leading to changes in the approach and mindset of scholars. HARKing could offer a major added value to the field as it helps to develop knowledge that, so far, has been blocked by attempts to ban HARKing, and thereby may help open new avenues for knowledge creation.
Combatting biofilms in potable water systems: A comprehensive overview to ensuring industrial water safety
Authors: Li Yuanzhe , Qu Yunzhuo , Yang Haoyi , Zhou Xingxin , Xiao Peng , Shao Tiancheng
Published: October 2023

Biofilm formation in industrial potable water systems, encompassing applications such as drinking, emergency showers, firefighting and sanitary appliances, presents a multifaceted challenge that has significant implications for both equipment efficiency and human health. These microbial communities, comprised of bacteria, fungi and protozoa, adhere to surfaces and are embedded within an extracellular matrix, primarily of polysaccharide origin. The formation and persistence of these biofilms can lead to reduced system efficiency and potential health risks due to microbial‐induced corrosion, contamination and waterborne pathogens. This review delves into the physicochemical and microbial factors promoting biofilm growth in these systems and elucidates contemporary strategies for their control and eradication. By harnessing advanced methodologies, including state‐of‐the‐art filtration, disinfection techniques and predictive monitoring, stakeholders can proactively address biofilm‐related challenges. The emphasis of this comprehensive overview is on the interdisciplinary nature of biofilm growth, combining insights from microbiology, engineering and water chemistry to pave the way for an integrative approach to ensuring consistent industrial water quality.
An evaluation of naloxone transit for opioid overdose using drones: A case study using real‐world coroner data
Authors: Royall Paul G. , Courtney Patrick , Goodair Christine , Copeland Caroline S.
Published: October 2023

Background and aims

Opioids are now the most cited class in fatal overdoses. However, the antidote for opioid overdose—naloxone—is not always readily available. Our aim was to evaluate the feasibility of naloxone transit via drone to provide rapid access at the point of care.

Methods and findings

Real‐world data pertaining to opioid overdoses, which occurred in the Teesside area of the UK 2015–2019, were extracted from the National Programme on Substance Abuse Deaths (NPSAD). The original locations of these opioid overdoses were used to compare the projected response times of ambulances with that of drones when considering the impacts of actual traffic and weather conditions, respectively; 58 cases were identified where a bystander—who could have called for and administered emergency naloxone—was likely present.

Results

In 78% of cases (n = 45/58) a class C1 commercial‐off‐the‐shelf drone carrying naloxone could have reached the overdose location in 7 min—the benchmark time for the arrival of emergency services for Category 1 calls in England. With the implementation of recent advances in drone engineering, such as increased speeds and temperature‐controlled cargo cradles, it is estimated that 98% of overdoses could have been reached in this timeframe (n = 57/58). Ambulances were able to reach a significantly lower number of cases in 7 min, even when considering best‐case scenario traffic conditions (14%, n = 8/58, χ2 P < 0.001).

Conclusions

This study provides proof‐of‐concept that, in the Teesside area of the UK, drones are more likely than ambulance to get naloxone to the site of an opioid overdose in 7 min.
Differences in the prevalence of uveitis between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lin Haowen , Zhang Jiaqing , Liang Chen , Wu Dongxuan , Tan Yuan , Luo Lixia , Liu Zhenzhen
Published: October 2023

Purpose

Uveitis is one of the ocular manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that is often overlooked and has been considered a sign of severe IBD. As typical subtypes of IBD, differences exist in the prevalence of uveitis between Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Our study systematically assessed differences in the prevalence of uveitis between CD and UC.

Methods

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used. We performed a systematic review of published literature from PubMed and Embase on 30 March 2022. Two investigators independently selected studies, extracted data and evaluated methodological quality. Either a fixed‐ or a random‐effects model was used to calculate the risk ratio (RR), odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) depending on the heterogeneity of studies. Sensitivity analysis was used to examine the heterogeneity by removing article by article, while subgroup analysis was conducted in accordance with various regions.

Results

Our study included data from 14 studies encompassing 115 854 participants. The prevalence of uveitis in IBD was estimated to be 2.38% (95% CI 1.60%–3.17%). The prevalence of uveitis in CD (3.27%, 95% CI 2.15%–4.39%) was significantly higher than in UC (1.60%, 95% CI 0.93%–2.27%; RR 1.76, 95% CI 1.39–2.22, p < 0.05). In subgroup analysis, a higher incidence of CD combined with uveitis was also observed in IBD patients residing in Europe (RR 1.75, 95% CI 1.37–2.24).

Conclusions

Data from 115 854 IBD patients showed that CD patients were more likely to suffer from uveitis than UC patients. Ocular manifestations in IBD, particularly CD, warrant greater attention.
The use of microtracers in food‐effect trials: An alternative study design for toxic drugs with long half‐lives exemplified by the case for alectinib
Authors: van der Heijden L. T. , Steeghs N. , Beijnen J. H. , Huitema A. D. R. , Dorlo T. P. C.
Published: October 2023

The traditional design of food‐effect studies has a high patient burden for toxic drugs with long half‐lives (e.g., anticancer agents). Microtracers could be used to assess food‐effect in patients without influencing their ongoing treatment. The feasibility of a microtracer food‐effect study during steady‐state of the therapeutic drug was investigated in an in silico simulation study with alectinib as an example for a relative toxic drug with a long half‐life. Microtracer pharmacokinetics were simulated based on a previously published population pharmacokinetic model and used for estimation of a model with and a model without food as a covariate on oral bioavailability of alectinib (assuming a 40% food‐effect). Power was defined as the fraction of clinical trials where a significant (p < 0.01) food‐effect was identified. The proposed study design of 10 patients on steady‐state treatment, 10 blood samples collected within 24 h after administration and an assumed food‐effect of 40% had a power of 99.9%. The mean estimated food‐effect was 39.8% (80% confidence interval: 31.0%–48.6%). The feasibility of microtracer food‐effect studies was demonstrated. The design of the microtracer food‐effect study allowed estimation of the food‐effect with minimal influence on therapeutic treatment and reducing patient burden compared to the traditional study design for toxic drugs with long half‐lives.
Association between chronic kidney disease and risk of bullous pemphigoid: a nationwide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Yu Wen‐Ting , Ma Sheng‐Hsiang , Wu Chun‐Ying , Chen Yen‐Ling , Chang Yun‐Ting , Wu Chen‐Yi
Published: October 2023

Background

Studies have shown that bullous pemphigoid (BP) occurs in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the risk of developing BP in patients with CKD remains inconclusive.

Objective

To investigate whether CKD increases the risk of BP.

Methods

Participants were recruited from the National Health Insurance Database of Taiwan between 2007 and 2018. Overall, 637,664 newly diagnosed patients with CKD and 637,664 age‐, sex‐, and comorbidity‐matched non‐CKD participants were selected. A competing risk model was used to evaluate the risk of development of BP.

Results

After adjusting for age, sex, and comorbid diseases in the multivariate model, CKD was a significant risk factor for BP (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17–1.42; p < 0.001). CKD patients were classified into the dialytic or non‐dialytic groups and compared to non‐CKD participants, and this revealed that patients with dialysis‐dependent CKD had the highest risk of BP (aHR 1.75; 95% CI 1.51–2.03), followed by patients with non‐dialysis‐dependent CKD (aHR 1.20; 95% CI 1.08–1.32).

Limitations

We lacked detailed laboratory data on the severity of CKD.

Conclusions

Compared with individuals without CKD, those with CKD had a 1.3‐fold increased risk of BP. Patients with dialysis‐dependent CKD had an even higher BP risk (1.8‐fold).
Healthy climate, healthy bodies: Optimal fuel taxation and physical activity
Authors: van den Bijgaart Inge , Klenert David , Mattauch Linus , Sulikova Simona
Published: October 2023

Passenger transport has significant externalities, including carbon emissions and air pollution. Public health research has identified additional social gains from active travel, due to the health benefits of physical exercise. Per mile, these benefits greatly exceed the external costs from car use. We introduce active travel into an optimal fuel taxation model and characterize analytically the second‐best optimal fuel tax. We find that accounting for active travel benefits increases the optimal fuel tax by 44% in the USA and 38% in the UK. Fuel taxes should be implemented jointly with other policies aimed at increasing the uptake of active travel.
On Justice, Pedagogy, and Decolonial(Izing) Praxis
Authors: Walsh Catherine E.
Published: October 2023

This paper goes beyond — transcends — “pedagogy as justice,” recognizing that justice, particularly in these present times, may not be enough. Its wager is with pedagogies of and for life; pedagogies that plant and cultivate, that push and enable other modes of living, despite the capitalist‐modern‐colonial‐racist system, beyond the system, and in the system's margins, borders, fissures, and cracks. These pedagogies, as Catherine Walsh argues here, are necessarily tied to and constitutive of decolonial(izing) praxis, a praxis that, while not negating justice, takes us beyond it. The argument here is for the pedagogical‐praxistical work being done now, and yet to be done; the actional thought, thoughtful action, and ongoing creation and construction of an otherwise for existence, for dignity, and for life in these times of multiple entwined pandemic‐viruses, including capitalist greed, systemic racism, heteropatriarchy, and existential‐territorial dispossession in which COVID is/was one more thread of the entwine.
Trajectories of parent well‐being in children with drug‐resistant epilepsy
Authors: Smith Mary Lou , Puka Klajdi , Speechley Kathy N. , Ferro Mark A. , Connolly Mary B. , Major Philippe , Gallagher Anne , Almubarak Salah , Hasal Simona , Ramachandrannair Rajesh , Andrade Andrea , Xu Qi , Leung Edward , Snead O. Carter , Widjaja Elysa
Published: October 2023

Objective

This longitudinal cohort study aimed to identify trajectories of parent well‐being over the first 2 years after their child's evaluation for candidacy for epilepsy surgery, and to identify the baseline clinical and demographic characteristics associated with these trajectories. Parent well‐being was based on parent depressive and anxiety symptoms and family resources (i.e., family mastery and social support).

Methods

Parents of 259 children with drug‐resistant epilepsy (105 of whom eventually had surgery) were recruited from eight epilepsy centers across Canada at the time of their evaluation for epilepsy surgery candidacy. Participants were assessed at baseline and 6‐month, 1‐year, and 2‐year follow‐up. The trajectories of parents' depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and family resources were jointly estimated using multigroup latent class growth models.

Results

The analyses identified three trajectories: an optimal‐stable group with no/minimal depressive or anxiety symptoms, and high family resources that remained stable over time; a mild‐decreasing‐plateau group with mild depressive and anxiety symptoms that decreased over time then plateaued, and intermediate family resources that remained stable; and a moderate‐decreasing group with moderate depressive and anxiety symptoms that decreased slightly, and low family resources that remained stable over time. Parents of children with higher health‐related quality of life, fathers, and parents who had higher household income were more likely to have better trajectories of well‐being. Treatment type was not associated with the trajectory groups, but parents whose children were seizure‐free at the time of the last follow‐up were more likely to have better trajectories (optimal‐stable or mild‐decreasing‐plateau trajectories).

Significance

This study documented distinct trajectories of parent well‐being, from the time of the child's evaluation for epilepsy surgery. Parents who present with anxiety and depressive symptoms and low family resources do not do well over time. They should be identified and offered supportive services early in their child's epilepsy treatment history.
Interaction between mitochondrial homeostasis and barrier function in lipopolysaccharide‐induced endothelial cell injury
Authors: Zhu Weiwei , Liu Xiaojing , Luo Liqing , Huang Xiao , Wang Xiaozhi
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to investigate the effects of mitochondrial homeostasis on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced endothelial cell barrier function and the mechanisms that underlie these effects. Cells were treated with LPS or oligomycin (mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate synthase inhibitor) and the mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were evaluated. Moreover, the shedding of glycocalyx‐heparan sulphate (HS), the levels of HS‐specific degrading enzyme heparanase (HPA), and the expression of occludin and zonula occludens (ZO‐1) of Tight Junctions (TJ)s, which are mediated by myosin light chain phosphorylation (p‐MLC), were assessed. Examining the changes in mitochondrial homeostasis showed that adding heparinase III, which is an exogenous HPA, can destroy the integrity of glycocalyx. LPS simultaneously increased mitochondrial swelling, mtROS, and ΔΨm. Without oligomycin effects, HS, HPA levels, and p‐MLC were found to be elevated, and the destruction of occludin and ZO‐1 increased. Heparinase III not only damaged the glycocalyx by increasing HS shedding but also increased mitochondrial swelling and mtROS and decreased ΔΨm. Mitochondrial homeostasis is involved in LPS‐induced endothelial cell barrier dysfunction by aggravating HPA and p‐MLC levels. In turn, the integrated glycocalyx protects mitochondrial homeostasis.
Low‐temperature hydrothermal synthesis of NiEuFe2O4 nanoparticles: Magnetic, thermal, and magneto‐dielectric behavior
Authors: Machakanti Yellanna , Chandra Babu Naidu K. , D Baba Basha , Madunuri Chandrasekhar , N Suresh Kumar , A Ratnamala , Khan Anish
Published: October 2023

The Ni1−xEuxFe2O4 (x = .02–.08) (NEF) nanoparticles are prepared using the low‐temperature hydrothermal method. The X‐ray diffraction patterns evidenced the cubic structure of NEF having the increasing trend of lattice constants from .8971 to .8984 nm as a function of Eu‐content. The microstructure reveals the asymmetrical spheres like nanosized grains and particles. The particle size seemed to be increasing from 67.3 to 103.7 nm with x. The magneto‐dielectric and magneto‐loss natures are studied as a function of frequency and composition at the varying magnetic field of .0–1.5 T. The hysteresis nature of NEF is observed from magnetization versus (M–H) curves. The results ensured that the x = .08 content provided the highest magnetization of 89.03 emu/g. The mass loss (Δm) and transition temperatures are determined using TG–DSC curves. The endothermic and exothermic temperatures are clearly noticed for x = .02–.08.
When workarounds aggravate misfits in the use of electronic health record systems
Authors: van Offenbeek Marjolein A. G. , Vos Janita F. J. , van den Hooff Bart , Boonstra Albert
Published: October 2023

This paper contributes to the IS misfits and workarounds literature by demonstrating how “work system–technology” misfits and workarounds can be mutually related. In the context of electronic health record (EHR) systems, this study examines when misfits experienced between an EHR system and health professionals' work practices lead to workarounds with negative consequences in terms of aggravating misfits. Our qualitative study was conducted in two tertiary hospitals in The Netherlands that had implemented an off‐the‐shelf EHR system. We analysed the “misfit experience → response → consequence” sequences that emerged from interviews complemented with observations and documents. Experienced misfits between the EHR and other work system components induced highly varied responses, among which workarounds. While workarounds can be beneficial, we found occasions where workarounds resulted in aggravated misfits. We conceptualise three underlying misfit‐aggravating EHR‐use patterns emerging from (1) a non‐routine practice's perceived exceptionality, (2) collective separatism in incompatible routine practices, and (3) individual deviancy in routine work practices. These patterns differ in terms of the work practices' routineness, professionals' misfit experiences, and in how this combination provokes an individual or collective workaround that is non‐compliant with both the designed technology use and the organisational intent. To understand how these patterns emerge, we discuss the interplay among work practice routineness, misfit characteristics, and non‐compliant workaround behaviours.
The effect of bed exercises following major abdominal surgery on early ambulation, mobilization, pain and anxiety: A randomized‐controlled trial
Authors: Simsek Yaban Zuleyha , Bulbuloglu Semra , Kapikiran Gurkan , Gunes Huseyin , Kula Sahin Sennur , Saritas Serdar
Published: October 2023

This randomized‐controlled trial aimed to investigate the effect of bed exercises on postoperative anxiety, pain, early ambulation and mobilization. This study was conducted with a randomized‐controlled trial design and in the general surgical clinic of a research and training hospital. A total of 120 patients (60 in the experimental group and 60 in the control group) scheduled for major abdominal surgery took part in the study. The data were collected using a patient information form, the Anxiety Specific to Surgery Questionnaire and the Visual Analog Scale through face‐to‐face interviews. The patients in the experimental group performed 15‐min bed exercises on the day of their operation, as well as on the postoperative first and second days, and the control group underwent only the routinely performed procedures in the clinic. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and t‐tests. The sample of our study included major abdominal surgery patients. Ambulation was achieved at a mean time of 4 h earlier in the experimental group. On the postoperative first and second days, the patients in the experimental group had mean mobilization durations that were approximately 2 h longer compared with the patients in the control group. Moreover, the postoperative pain and anxiety levels of the patients in the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the patients in the control group (p < 0.05). We recommend that bed exercises be performed to lower anxiety and pain severity, achieve early ambulation and increase the duration of mobilization among patients following major abdominal surgery.