bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The source of unusual coronal upflows with photospheric abundance in a solar active region
Authors: Harra Louise , Mandrini Cristina , Brooks David ,   Solar Orbiter EUI collaborators
Published: February 2023

Upflows in the corona are of importance as they may contribute to the solar wind. Because of this, there has been interestin the analysis of upflows at the edges of active regions (ARs). The coronal upflows that are seen at the edges of ARs have coronalelemental composition and can contribute to the slow solar wind. The sources of the upflows have been challenging to determinebecause they may be multiple.In this talk, we will discuss the latest results of coronal upflows. This includes an example which is found unusually close to a sunspot umbra and unusually has photospheric abundance. We analyse in detail the cause of this upflow region using a combination of Solar Orbiter EUV images at high spatial and temporal resolution,Hinode/EUV Imaging Spectrometer data, and observations from instruments on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. This com-bined dataset was acquired during the first Solar Orbiter perihelion of the science phase, which provided a spatial resolution of 356km for 2 pixels.  In the location of the, a small positive polarity connects to the umbravia small-scale and very dynamic coronal loops.  The Solar Orbiter EUV Imagers (EUI) high resolution data show the dynamics of these small loops, which last on timescales of only minutes. This is the location of the coronal upflow which has photospheric abundance. We attempt to determine if it is possible that they can feed into the slow solar wind. We discuss future observation potential using Solar Orbiter data along with data from other missions and ground-based observatories. This provides opportunities for multiple viewpoints, multi-wavelength measurements of these upflow regions.
Tipping points in hydrology: attribution of regime shifts using historical climate simulations and dynamical system modeling
Authors: Le Roux Erwan , Wendling Valentin , Panthou Gérémy , Raynal Paul-Alain , Ba Abdramane , Bouzou-Moussa Ibrahim , Cohard Jean-Martial , Demarty Jérome , Gangneron Fabrice , Grippa Manuela , Hector Basile , Hiernaux Pierre , Kergoat Laurent , Lawin Emmanuel , Lebel Thierry , Mora Olivier , Mougin Eric , Pierre Caroline , Rajot Jean-Louis , Peugeot Christophe ,   TipHyc Project
Published: February 2023

The Sahel (the semi-arid fringe south of the Sahara) experienced a severe drought in the 70s-90s. During this drought, an hydrological regime shift was observed for most watersheds in the Central Sahel: runoff has significantly increased despite the rainfall deficit. Did the drought cause this regime shift ? What if the drought did not happen ? To answer these questions, we introduce a simple dynamical model that represents feedbacks between soil, vegetation and runoff at the watershed scale and at the annual time step. This model is forced with annual rainfall and evaluated using long-term observations of runoff from selected watersheds. We find that the model forced with observed rainfall reproduces well the observed regime shift in runoff. For the attribution of the regime shift to the drought, we rely on two sets of historical rainfall simulations from CMIP6 global climate models: fully-coupled simulations that do not reproduce the drought, and atmosphere-only simulations (AMIP) that represent the drought. Our results show that a regime shift would have been unlikely without the drought. This approach will be extended to identify areas that are likely to experience an hydrological regime shift in the future.
Cometary Plasma Science - Open questions and implications for heliophysics
Authors: Goetz Charlotte ,   Cometary Plasma Science White Paper Team
Published: February 2023

Comets hold the key to the understanding of our Solar System, its formation and its evolution, and to the fundamental plasma processes at work both in it and beyond it. A comet nucleus emits gas as it is heated by the sunlight. The gas forms the coma, where it is ionised, becomes a plasma, and eventually interacts with the solar wind. Besides these neutral and ionised gases, the coma also contains dust grains, released from the comet nucleus. As a cometary atmosphere develops when the comet travels through the Solar System, large-scale structures, such as the plasma boundaries, develop and disappear, while at planets such large-scale structures are only accessible in their fully grown, quasi-steady state. In situ measurements at comets enable us to learn both how such large-scale structures are formed or reformed and how small-scale processes in the plasma affect the formation and properties of these large scale structures. Furthermore, a comet goes through a wide range of parameter regimes during its life cycle, where either collisional processes, involving neutrals and charged particles, or collisionless processes are at play, and might even compete in complicated transitional regimes. Thus a comet presents a unique opportunity to study this parameter space, from an asteroid-like to a Mars- and Venus-like interaction. The Rosetta mission and previous fast flybys of comets have together made many new discoveries, but the most important breakthroughs in the understanding of cometary plasmas are yet to come. The Comet Interceptor mission will provide a sample of multi-point measurements at a comet, setting the stage for a multi-spacecraft mission to accompany a comet on its journey through the Solar System. We will review the present-day knowledge of cometary plasmas, discuss the many questions that remain unanswered, and outline a multi-spacecraft European Space Agency mission to accompany a comet that will answer these questions by combining both multi-spacecraft observations and a rendezvous mission, and at the same time advance our understanding of fundamental plasma physics and its role in planetary systems.
Estimating saltwater intrusion using remote-sensing datasets and analytical approaches
Authors: Adams Kyra H. , Hamlington Benjamin , David Cedric , Reager John , Sawyer Audrey , Buzzanga Brett , Fredericks Jacob
Published: February 2023

Coastal regions are home to more than 40% of the world’s population and often depend on fresh groundwater resources to sustain economic, residential, and recreational activities. However, coastal groundwater is under threat from saltwater intrusion (SWI), due in part to rising sea level and climate change. In this work we provide, for the first time, a global assessment of SWI and SWI vulnerability due to regional differences in sea level rise and predicted changes in recharge, leveraging NASA datasets of recharge, seawater density, and IPCC AR6 sea level rise. We show that climate-driven recharge changes drove 45% of watersheds to experience SWI, while SLR drove 92% of watersheds to experience SWI. By synthesizing various global datasets within an analytical framework, the work provides the first step towards evaluating the coastal impacts of saltwater intrusion in a changing climate. 
PARIS - Process Attribution of Regional emISsions
Authors: Walter Sylvia , Ganesan Anita , Röckmann Thomas , Grant Aoife ,   PARIS team
Published: February 2023

PARIS is a 4-year Horizon Europe research project that aims to significantly increase our knowledge about the emissions of climate forcers from 8 European countries. PARIS focuses on the interface between bottom-up and top-down approaches and aims to strengthen the collaboration between scientists and national inventory teams for the evaluation and development of national inventories.Seventeen European partners will work together to quantify emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, fluorinated gases (F-gases), and black carbon.  To engage inventory teams early in the project, we focus early on emission estimates for fluorinated gases (F-gases), which have relatively simple source distributions, but poorly understood magnitudes. For greenhouse gases with a more complex mixture of sources, methane and carbon dioxide, research in PARIS focuses on the attribution of fluxes to particular sources and sinks. We will advance isotopologue measurements and multi-tracer analysis methods for source characterization, providing inventory teams with new information to target areas of uncertainty. For nitrous oxide, a greenhouse gas for which most European inventories rely on highly simplified and uncertain bottom-up methods, two process-level models will be advanced to produce time- and space-resolved estimates that will be evaluated against isotopic data. For the important, but complex, climate forcers, organic matter aerosol and black carbon, we will take the next steps required towards robust top-down emissions inference by developing source apportionment methods. To generate maximum impact, we will synthesise our efforts in the form of draft annual Annexes to National Inventory Reports (NIRs) for eight European PARIS focus countries.The overall objectives of PARIS are:1) Quantify top-down emissions from a selection of European countries of all the major GHGs reported under the UNFCCC (CO2, CH4, N2O and F-gases), and black carbon aerosol (BC) reported under CLRTAP.2) Quantify the contribution of major source sectors of GHG and BC emissions and organic matter aerosol (OM) abundance through the implementation of innovative measurement and analysis technologies.3) Derive time- and space-resolved flux estimates for GHGs with complex or uncertain source distributions (N2O, F-gases)4) Produce draft Annexes to the annual National Inventory Reports (NIRs) for a selection of ‘focus’ countries.This presentation will give a general overview of the PARIS project, its objectives and implementation. It aims to introduce the project to the scientific community, and to set up a network for future collaborations with related projects, e.g.EYE-CLIMA (https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101081395) or AVENGERS (https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101081322).
Detection of soil erosion hotspots with accelerated carbon losses in the black soil region of Northeast China as driven by Sentinel-2 multispectral remote sensing
Authors: Qi Lulu , Shi Pu
Published: February 2023

Global efforts to restore the world’s degraded croplands require knowledge on the degree and extent of accelerated soil organic carbon (SOC) loss induced by soil erosion. However, methods for assessing where and to what extent erosion takes place is still inadequate for precise detection of erosion hotspots at high spatial resolution. In this study, we attempted to develop a spectra-based soil erosion mapping approach to pinpoint eroded hotspots in a typical catchment located in the black soil region of Northeast China as characterized by undulating landscapes. We built a ground-truth dataset consisting of three classes of soils representing Severe, Moderate, and Low erosion intensity because of their inter-class contrasts in estimated erosion rates from 137Cs tracing. The spectral separability of different erosion classes was first tested by a combined principal component and linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) against laboratory hyperspectral data and then validated against Sentinel-2 derived broadband spectra. We will present results on the performance of the PCA-LDA model to classify soil erosion intensity classes based on laboratory and satellite-based soil spectra. We further identified distinctive spectral features representative of shifting soil albedo and biochemical composition due to erosion-induced SOC mobilization. A classification scheme comprising the spectral features was applied to the Sentinel-2 bare soil composite for pixel-wise soil erosion mapping, from which 15.9% of the catchment area was detected as erosion hotspots while the Moderate class occupied 65.4%.Our study highlights the potential of the spectral-based remote sensing approach for  better targeted cropland management to combat soil degradation.
ICDP Drilling into Seismogenic zones in South African mines (DSeis; 2016 – onwards)
Authors: Ogasawara Hiroshi ,   ICDP DSeis team
Published: February 2023

Limited access has hindered understanding of seismogenic zone and life at depth (e.g., ICDP Science Plan 2014-2019; 2020-2030). The 2014 M5.5 Orkney earthquake South Africa ruptured the entire vertical depth range, between 3.5 and 7 km of the West Rand Group (2.9 Ga metasedimentary formations with altered mafic/ultramafic sill/dyke complex). We could have a drilling rig at 2.9 km depth in hard-rock formations in West Rand Group at the Moab Khotsong gold mine. During 2017-2018, we accomplished NQ wireline full-core diamond drilling and downhole logging with a total length of 1.6 km (ICDP Thrill to Drill; Ogasawara et al. 2019; Nkosi et al. 2022). We could not make downhole logging at and below the intersections of the structure that hosted the Orkney main- and after-shocks. So, we exported the most critical section of the core to Center for Advanced Marine Core Research, Kochi University/Kochi Core Center (KCC) Japan to log and for further investigation. Mineral/geochemical studies (XRD, XRF, EPMA, SEM-EDS, X-ray CT, friction) at KCC, Hiroshima, Tohoku, Tokyo, and Kyoto Universities, as well as SPring8 elucidate the assemblage with talc and/or associated altered mafic minerals in greenschist facies and their mechano-chemical characteristics (e.g., Miyamoto et al. 2022; Yabe et al. 2023 GeoCongress). Our drilling also intersected the ancient hypersaline brine vein. US geomicrobiology team extensively investigated the brine (Oliver et al. 2022; Nisson et al. 2022). The outstanding outcomes include the age (>1Ga) and the salinity, the end-member in their research history since the 1990s. COVID-19 hindered, in particular, our research activity at 2.9 km depth at Moab Khotsong mine and access to the core during 2020-2021. However, we could log Holes A and B again in 2022 to compare with the previous logging data. This paper overviews the activity mentioned above, as well as prospects.Our research is financially supported by ICDP, JSPS, JST-JICA, MEXT Japan, US NSF, German DFG, SA NRF, Ritsumeikan Univ., GFZ. Kochi Core Center, Astrobiology Center.
Global critical soil moisture thresholds of plant water stress
Authors: Fu Zheng , Ciais Philippe ,   Authors
Published: February 2023

During extensive periods without rain, known as dry-downs, decreasing soil moisture (SM) induces plant water stress at the point when it limits transpiration, defining a critical SM threshold (θcrit). Better quantification of θcrit is needed for understanding recent dryness trends and improving future projections of climate and water resources, food production, and ecosystem vulnerability. Here we combine systematic satellite observations of the diurnal amplitude of land surface temperature (dLST) and SM during dry-downs, corroborated by in-situ data from flux towers, to generate the first observation-based global map of θcrit. We find an average global θcrit of 0.19 m3/m3, with a large gradient ranging from 0.12 m3/m3 in arid ecosystems to 0.26 m3/m3 in humid ecosystems. Compared to observations, θcrit simulated by Earth System Models is underestimated in wet areas and overestimated in dry areas, leading to an erroneous spatially uniform pattern. The global observed pattern of θcrit reflects plant adaptation to soil available water and atmospheric demand. Using explainable machine learning, we show that aridity index, leaf area and soil texture are the most influential drivers. Moreover, we show that the annual fraction of days with water stress, when SM stays below θcrit, has increased in the past four decades. Our results have key implications for improving the representation of water stress in models and identifying SM tipping points that could result in impaired ecosystem functioning during prolonged dry-downs.
Volcanism and tectonics unveiled in the Comoros Archipelago between Africa and Madagascar
Authors: Thinon Isabelle , Lemoine Anne , Leroy Sylvie , Paquet Fabien , Berthod Carole , Zaragosi Sébastien , Famin Vincent , Feuillet Nathalie , Boymond Pierre , Masquelet Charles , Rusquet Anais , Mercury Nicolas ,   SISMAORE and COYOTES teams
Published: February 2023

Geophysical and geological data acquired during the 2020–2021 SISMAORE oceanographic cruise reveal a corridor of recent volcanic and tectonic features 200 km wide and 600 km long within and north of Comoros Archipelago in the North Mozambique Channel. More than 2200 submarine volcanic edifices, comparable to the Fani Maoré volcano, have been identified. Most of them are distributed according to two large submarine tectonic-volcanic fields: the N’Drounde province oriented N160°E north of Grande-Comore Island, and the Mwezi province oriented N130°E north of Anjouan and Mayotte Islands. The presence of popping basaltic rocks sampled in the Mwezi suggests post-Pleistocene volcanic activity. The geometry and distribution of recent structures observed on the seafloor are consistent with a current regional dextral transtensional context. Their orientations change progressively from west to east (∼N160°E, ∼N130°E, ∼EW). In the western part, the volcanism could be influenced by the pre-existing structural fabric of the Mesozoic crust. The wide tectono-volcanic corridor underlines the incipient Somalia–Lwandle dextral lithospheric plate boundary between the East-African Rift System and Madagascar. For details see Thinon et al. (2022;  doi 10.5802/crgeos.159).
Providing unified data delivery statistics service from european seismological data centers
Authors: Schaeffer Jonathan , Pedersen Helle ,   EIDA staff
Published: February 2023

     Data delivery statistics is one of the classical key performance indicators for a large variety of usages : providing insight of data usage to founders, to seismological network managers, to data management centre operational teams.EIDA is the European Integrated Data Infrastructure from the Orfeus project, federating 12 data management centres which distribute seismological data with the same standardized  methods, enabling users to seamlessly access data from seismological networks (more than 16000 stations) accross Europe.Since the beginning of the project, various stakeholders have put interest in the data distribution statistics, but sharing the meaningfull indicators to build an unified view turned out to be very challenging. Nonetheless, since 2021, a complete unified statistics service is operational and provides meaningfull KPI over data distribution accross all EIDA nodes.We will present the story of this project and the lessons learned from the different implementations, emphasising the identified caveats and the useful open source technologies which made the implementation possible.
S2S prediction of summer heatwaves in the Iberian Peninsula using convolutional networks
Authors: Drouard Marie , Pérez-Aracil Jorge , Barriopedro David , Zaninelli Pablo G. , Garrido-Perez José M. , Fister Dušan , Salcedo-Sanz Sancho , García-Herrera Ricardo
Published: February 2023

In this ongoing study we aim at using machine learning algorithms to better understand and improve southern Europe summer heatwave prediction on sub-seasonal to seasonal timescales (S2S). Summer heatwaves are extreme events that have large socio-economic impacts on mortality rate, crop yields, energy demand or water resources and southern Europe is particularly prone and vulnerable to such events.  

To do this, we train a convolutional network coupled with a multilayer perceptron to forecast with a 15-day and 1-month lead times the occurrence and intensity of heatwave in summer. This forecast model is trained with ERA5 data. The predictors fed to this model are monthly means of the SST, local soil moisture, outgoing longwave radiation, snow cover and sea-ice cover. The target is a monthly-mean heatwave index integrated over a sub-area of southern Europe. 

Here, we will present the initial results of this ongoing work and the next steps, focusing first on the Iberian Peninsula only. 
The northern hight latitude dust belt
Authors: Meinander Outi , Dagsson-Waldhauserova Pavla , Vucovic Vimic Ana ,   HLD team
Published: February 2023

Identifying the locations of local dust sources and their emission, transport, and deposition processes is important for understanding the multiple impacts of dust on the Earth's systems. We have recently provided a significant update to the scientific understanding on the climatically and environmentally significant high-latitude dust (HLD) sources. Based on the presented evidence (Meinander et al. 2022), we have suggested a “northern high latitude dust belt” (Meinander et al. 2022), defined as the area north of 50∘ N, with a “transitional HLD-source area” extending at latitudes 50–58∘ N in Eurasia and 50–55∘ N in Canada and a “cold HLD-source area” including areas north of 60∘ N in Eurasia and north of 58∘ N in Canada, with currently “no dust source” area between the HLD and low-latitude dust (LLD) dust belt, except for British Columbia. We estimate the high-latitude land area with potential dust activity to cover over 560 000 km2 with very high potential for dust emission, and over 240 000 km2 with the highest potential for dust emission.We have identified, described, and quantified the source intensity (SI) values, which show the potential of soil surfaces for dust emission scaled to values 0 to 1 concerning globally best productive sources, using the Global Sand and Dust Storms Source Base Map (G-SDS-SBM). This includes 64 HLD sources in our collection for the northern (Alaska, Canada, Denmark, Greenland, Iceland, Svalbard, Sweden, and Russia) and southern (Antarctica and Patagonia) high latitudes. Our work also included model results on HLD emission, long-range transport, and deposition at various scales of time and space, and we have specified key climatic and environmental impacts of HLD and related research questions, which could improve our understanding of HLD sources, on clouds and climate feedback, atmospheric chemistry, marine environment, cryosphere, and cryosphere–atmosphere feedbacks. For example, we estimated that about 57% of the dust deposition in snow- and ice-covered Arctic regions was from high latitude dust sources.We gratefully acknowledge Douglas Hamilton.Citation: Meinander, O. et al. Newly identified climatically and environmentally significant high-latitude dust sources, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11889–11930, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11889-2022, 2022.
Ma Terre en 180 Minutes: a transition support system to build decarbonization scenarios in the academic community.
Authors: Champollion Nicolas ,   Ma Terre en 180 Minutes team
Published: February 2023

A growing portion of scientists realized the need to not only alert about climate change, but also change their professional practices. A range of tools have emerged to promote more sustainable activities, yet many scientists struggle to go beyond simple awareness-raising to create concrete transition actions. This study proposed the use of a new game-based transition support system called " Ma Terre en 180 Minutes ", which is, to our knowledge, the ﬁrst tool developed by and for the academic community. It has been designed to build scenarios of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions reduction in the academic community, and present its deployment during the year 2021, including six hundred participants from 9 countries and 50 cities. After the phase 1, called awareness, that aims to build a common scientiﬁc background about the context (global warming, its causes and consequences, planetary boundaries) and challenge (50% reduction of our carbon budget by 2030), the participants, with the phase 2 called role-playing, immerse themselves into ﬁctional characters, to simulate the behavior of real research groups. Phase 1 and 2 are separated by a few days interphase helping participants to embody their ﬁctional characters and be comfortable with the virtual research group they will simulate, as well as having time to perform their personal carbon footprint. Finally, an important ﬁnal phase after the game-playing phase 2 take place to discuss, analyze and assess the results of phase 2. Results show clear pathways for GHG reductions between 25 and 60%, and a median reduction of 46%. The alternatives allowing the greatest reduction are video communication tools (36%), followed by mutualization of professional activities and voluntary cancellation or reduction, thatrepresents 22 and 14% of reduction, respectively. The remaining 28% of reduction is composed by the use of trains as a transport alternative, the relocation of professional activities, the duration extension of some missions, etc… In addition, the analyses pointed out the importance of guided negotiations to bring out some alternatives such as relocation, local partners and computing optimization. An added value of this transition support system is that the information it collects (anonymously) will be used to answer pressing research questions in climate change science and environmental psychology regarding the use of serious games for promoting changes in attitudes and behaviors towards sustainability, and including broader questions on how network structures inﬂuence “climate behavior”, knowledge, and the governance of the commons.
The world of DOIs for geodetic data – metadata recommendations and status report of the GGOS DOI Working Group
Authors: Elger Kirsten ,   GGOS DOI Working Group
Published: February 2023

The use of digital object identifiers (DOI) for scientific data and scientific software is increasingly common practice for more than a decade. As a result of the Coalition on Publishing Data in the Earth and Space Sciences (COPDESS) and other initiatives, DOI-referenced datasets are fully citable in scholarly literature and more and more journals require the availability of data underlying scientific results and their citation. Technical implementations, like Scholix (a framework for Scholarly Link Exchange) enable direct links and between literature and data and support the visibility of research data. Key elements for enabling these links are persistent identifier (PID). These PIDs allow, e.g., to uniquely identify data, scholarly literature and code (via DOIs), persons (via ORCID), institutions and funding agencies (via ROR – the registry of research organizations), via machine-actionable links and should be included in the DOI metadata.Similar to other scientific disciplines, the use of DOI for geodetic data is increasing in the last years. While this is easy for static data, like for global of regional gravitational models or GNSS campaign data, most geodetic data are large (mainly due to the large number of files and high temporal resolution) and highly dynamic (real time data acquisition) and highly granular. Geodetic services of the International Association for Geodesy (IAG) are international key player for geodetic data provision and distribution and their operating institutions and funding agencies increasingly require the provision of tangible data use and access statistics. Credit through citation was a major reason for the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) to establish a Working Group on using DOI for geodetic data sets (GGOS DOI WG) and for the working group members.The GGOS DOI WG was established in 2019 and includes international representatives of IAG Services and geodetic data centres and associated members that aims at developing best practices and recommendations for the consistent implementation of DOIs across all IAG Services and in the greater geodetic community. This presentation will give an update on recent group activities and on the status of DOI minting for geodetic datasets across IAG Services.
CMIP6 projections of the South American Monsoon Lifecycle: comparison with pre and post statistical downscaling
Authors: Reboita Michelle , Ferreira Glauber , Ribeiro João Gabriel
Published: February 2023

The climate of a great part of South America presents two well-defined seasons: one dry, in general, from April to September, and another wet, from October to March, which characterizes a monsoon regime. As most of the energy generation in this monsoon region is hydroelectric, precipitation is a target of several studies. In this context, the South America Monsoon (SAM) lifecycle (onset, demise, and duration) in projections of eight global climate models (GCMs) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) is analyzed in this study using two approaches: (a) the original GCM outputs downloaded from the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) and (b) after application of the statistical downscaling (SD) technique. Daily precipitation data from the Climate Prediction Center (CPC), with a horizontal resolution of 0.5o, are used as a reference. So, the final resolution of the GCMs after applying the Quantile Delta Mapping (QDM) is the same as CPC. SAM lifecycle is identified with a similar methodology from Liebman and Marengo published in 2001, which is based on the accumulated daily precipitation anomalies. The rainy season is considered to be the period during which precipitation exceeds its climatological annual average, then a positive slope indicates the rainy season. Note that this methodology is proper to be applied in projections because it does not assume any threshold. Initial results indicate a shorter lifetime of SAM at the end of the century.  The authors thank the Programa de P&D regulado pela ANEEL: empresa Engie Brasil Energia e Companhia Energética Estreito, MC&E, FAPEMIG, CAPES and CNPq for the financial support.
الأساليب الدعوية التي استعملها الرسول ﷺ في غزوة حُنين والطائف
Authors: عبد الرحمن بن عبد الله بن محمد الغامدي
Published: February 2023

هذا بحث بعنوان: (الأساليب الدعوية التي استعملها الرسول ﷺ في غزوة حُنين والطائف)، وقد قسم الباحثُ البحث إلى مقدمة ومبحثين وخاتمة، وتكلم في المبحث الأول في المطلب الأول منه عن التعريف بالأساليب الدعوية في اللغة والاصطلاح، وفي المطلب الثاني والثالث تعريف موجز بغزوتي حُنين والطائف، وأما المبحث الثاني فقسمه إلى سبعة مطالب، وفي كل مطلب تكلم عن أسلوب من الأساليب الدعوية المستعملة في غزوة حُنين والطائف، وهذه الأساليب هي: النداء، والحوار، والتشبيه، والتأني والإمهال، وتأليف القلوب، والشفقة بالمدعوين، والتعليم الذاتي.وقد خلص الباحث بعد هذا البحث إلى عدد من النتائج، وهي: أن غزوتي حُنين والطائف تعتبران غزوة واحدة وذلك لترابطهما زمانا وسببا، وأن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم استعمل في هذه الغزوة أساليب متنوعة ومتعددة على حسب ما يقتضيه الحال، أن نداء المدعوين بما يحبونه يثير حماستهم، ويحرك في نفوسهم الحمية لقبول ما يُدعون إليه، وأن الحوار الصحيح يعطي الدعوة قوة، وأن لأسلوب التشبيه ميزة وأهمية في توضيح الفكرة وتقريبها للأذهان، وأن إمهال المدعوين للتفكير والنظر فيما عُرض عليهم من الدعوة أدعى لقبولها عن قناعة تامة ويقين، أن تأليف القلوب أسلوب دعوي مهم، له تأثيره على أصحاب الوجاهة، أن من واجبات الدعاة إلى الله أن يكون هدفهم الأول هداية الناس، ومن مظاهر ذلك الشفقة بهم، أن من أبرز وأنفع أساليب إعداد الدعاة وتدريبهم لتولي القيادة أسلوب التعليم الذاتي، وأما التوصيات: فأوصي الباحثين بدراسة غزوات النبي ﷺ واستخراج ما فيها من فوائد دعوية، أوصي الدعاة إلى الله تعالى أن يحرصوا على تطبيق أساليب الدعوة المختلفة المستفادة من غزوة حُنين والطائف، وأوصي الدعاة إلى الله تعالى أن يعملوا على إعداد جيل جديد من الدعاة إلى الله، ليحملوا هم الدعوة، ويكملوا مسيرتها.
الاستدلال العقلي في الخطاب الدعوي - حديث الشاب طالب الإذن بالزنا أنموذجا
Authors: مدني بن محمد قاسم كلفوت
Published: February 2023

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على سيد المرسلين نبينا محمد وعلى آله وصحبه أجمعين ومن اهتدى بهديه وسار على نهجه إلى يوم الدين وبعد.بيان مكانة الاستدلال العقلي في الخطاب الدعوي من خلال الاستشهاد بالأدلة الشرعية التي تخاطب العقل وتدعوه إلى التأمل والتفكر لتصحيح المفاهيم وبيان الأحكام وإيضاح المقاصد الشرعية للمدعوين وترسيخ الحق في نفوسهم.
حديقة الصلاة: للقاضي حسن بن طورخان بن داود الآقحصاري (ت: 1025هـ) من الباب الاول في بيان الفرائض المخصوصة للصلاة الى الباب الثامن في بيان المفسدات للصلاة التي شرعت فيها - دراسة وتحقيق
Authors: أنس علي صالح علي  , ياسين جاسم محمد
Published: February 2023

موضوع المخطوط والذي يشير إليه عنوانه وهو (حديقة الصلاة) فقد عالج الكتاب كل ما يخص الصلاة التي هي راس العبادات، وهي عمود الدين، وهي الصلة ما بين العبد وربه. ان هذا الكتاب لم يقتصر على ذكر آراء المذهب الحنفي فحسب، وإنما ذكر آراء المذاهب الأخرى، فقد ذكر آراء المالكية والشافعية في بعض المسائل وهو احياء لتراث علمائنا، علماء الامة الإسلامية، الذين هيئهم الله سبحانه وتعالى للحفاظ على هذا الدين، ونشر تعاليمه السمحة، ونيل شرف المشاركة في إخراج كتاب من روائع ما خلفه لنا علماؤنا السابقون.
إدارة الدولة في ظل العولمة - دراسة تحليلية
Authors: أحمد صالح أحمد داود
Published: February 2023

تناول هذا البحث كيفية ادارة الدولة في ظل المتغيرات العالمية الكبرى، التي باتت تفرض سطوتها على الدول والمجتمعات، وتعبث بقيمها وثقافاتها. وتتلخص مشكلة البحث في امرين: الاول: تدّخّل المنظمات والشركات العالمية في سياسات الدول وحتى الداخلية منها، والثاني: الاثار الناتجة لو حاولت الدول الاعتراض على سياسة هذه المنظمات او الانجراف في تيارها. ويهدف بحثنا الى: دراسة وتحليل اثار العولمة على الدول التي انجرفت بتيار العولمة، وابراز اهمية ودور استقلال الدولة في ممارسة سلطتها واتخاذ قراراتها. مستعينين بالمنهج الوصفي التحليلي، فكان الوصف للكشف عن كل ما يتعلق بالعولمة كظاهرة لها اهمية ودور في تغيير الكثير من الدول لسياساتها الاقتصادية وانظمتها التجارية وشؤونها الاجتماعية. اما التحليل فكان من خلال شرح وتفسير اثار العولمة على سيادة الدولة وكيفية ادارتها. وسينتظم بحثنا هذا في مقدمة وثلاث مباحث، تناول المبحث الاول عناصر البحث، مشكلة واهمية وهدف ومنهج وتعريف بالمفاهيم. ثم يأتي المبحث الثاني ليتناول العولمة والدولة القومية، وادارة الدولة في ظل العولمة. اما المبحث الثالث فتناول الدول النامية وتحديات العولمة، وادارة الدولة العراقية في ظل العولمة، ومن ثم العولمة والدولة الكينزية. وفي النهاية النتائج التي أسفر عنها البحث، ومن ثم التوصيات.
أثر استخدام استراتيجية الهوية المشتركة في تحصيل طالبات الصف الخامس الادبي في مادة الرياضيات والاتجاه نحو المادة
Authors: عبد الاله مولان مطلب
Published: February 2023

يهدف هذا البحث إلى معرفة أثر استخدام استراتيجية الهوية المشتركة في تحصيل طالبات الصف الخامس الادبي في مادة الرياضيات والاتجاه نحو المادة.ولغرض التحقق من صحة فرضيات البحث حيث تم صياغة ثلاث فرضيات صفرية وكما هو مبين:1. لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين متوسط درجات طالبات المجموعة التجريبية ومتوسط درجات طالبات المجموعة الضابطة في اختبار التحصيل.2. لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين متوسط درجات طالبات المجموعة التجريبية ومتوسط درجات طالبات المجموعة الضابطة التي سوف تدرس باستخدام الطريقة الاعتيادية في مقياس الاتجاه3. لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين متوسط درجات طالبات المجموعة التجريبية في مقياس الاتجاه القبلي والبعدي.وللتحقق من صحة هذه الفرضيات، سيجري الباحث تجربة ستستغرق فصلاً دراسياً كاملاً وسيتم اتباع الإجراءات التالية:1. سيتم اختيار التصميم التجريبي (ذي الضبط الجزئي) لمجموعتين متكافئتين (تجريبية وضابطة) 2. سيتم مكافأة مجاميع البحث في بعض المتغيرات التي قد تكون ذات تأثير في المتغير المستقل مثل (العمر الزمني والذكاء واختبار المعلومات السابقة).3. سيتم تحديد المادة العلمية الخاصة بالبحث والمتمثلة بالفصول (3، 4) من كتاب مادة الرياضات المقرر للصف الخامس الادبي (2021-2022). حيث سيتم تحديد أغراضها السلوكية، وقد وجد الباحث أنها تبلغ (90) غرضا سلوكيا، كما أعد الباحث الخطط التدريسية الخاصة بالمجموعتين.4. سيعد الباحث الأدوات اللازمة للبحث حيث سيجهز اختباراً للتحصيل، سيتناسب عدد فقراتها مع عدد الأغراض السلوكية، وسيقوم الباحث بإعدادها من نوع الاختيارات الموضوعية من وذلك ليتم اختبارهم بالطريقة التحريرية، ومقياسا للاتجاه نحو المادة. 5. بعد تهيئة مستلزمات البحث سيتم تطبيقها من قبل الباحث، وبعد انهائه للتجربة وتطبيقه للاختبارات والحصول على النتائج، ستتم معالجتها إحصائيا باستخدام وسائل إحصائية وصفية واستدلالية وتشمل الاختبارات التائية، فضلا على وسائل إحصائية لا معلمية، والتعرف على نتائجها، حيث ستتم مناقشتها ووضع المقترحات والتوصيات المتعلقة بها.
Does Environmental Quality Drive Health Spending? A Cross-Country Analysis
Authors: Ishaq Maryum , Bashir Furrukh , Nasim Ismat
Published: February 2023

The paper aims at empirically investigating the long-run explanatory power of environmental quality and energy intensity towards aggregate health spending volumes for a set of 108 countries. The significance of CO2-related pollution and energy intensity levels as long-run determinants of health spending is well-evident, as proven from modern pooled data  econometric procedures applied. Keeping in view the previous research on the subject, the sample set of countries is disaggregated into four distinct groups by following the World Bank’s country classification scheme i.e. low-income, lower-middle income, upper- middle income, and high-income countries. The hypothesized relationship between health spending, environmental pollution and energy intensity is empirically verified by employing the residual based (Pedroni cointegration test) and maximum likelihood based (Fisher- Johansen panel cointegration) test of co-integration. The obtained result reveal that plausible inter-relationship between carbon-related emissions and the consequent rise in health spending is found to be existing more prominently for upper-middle and high-income countries, relative to low- and lower-middle income countries, where the proposed relationships are found to be existing at less substantial levels.  For the former set of countries, the series bears a positive and statistically significant coefficient value of 1.14 and 0.05, respectively. Energy intensity on the other hand turns out to be even more important long-run determinant of health expenditure. For upper-middle- and high-income country groups, the series bears a negative coefficient value of 0.20 and 0.22, respectively, with high degree of statistical significance. The negative coefficient value of energy intensity series implies that managing the levels of energy intensity up to optimal levels may contribute positively to reducing the growing volumes of public and private health spending.
Different methods for returning PET into the economic cycle: A review
Authors: Masoumi M.
Published: February 2023

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a saturated polyester, which is widely utilized in the production of films, bottles, and fibers in terms of its excellent thermal stability, clarity, strength, and moldability. PET waste has increased as the manufacture and consumption of PET bottles have increased. Major environmental and financial problems have resulted from the disposal of PET bottle waste. Both clear PET bottles and colorful PET bottles are recycled using various methods. However, it is possible to recycle PET trash by chemically replicating the monomers, separating them, and creating new PET from them. Here, we review the synthesis, characterization, and different methods for PET recycling as well as the commercial exploitation associated with the recycling and re-use of them.
Polymeric micelles in TKIs’ delivery for cancer treatment
Authors:   Nanoscitec GmbH, Dashtipour B
Published: February 2023

Polymeric micelles (PMs), one of the most popular nanotechnology platforms for the delivery of various kinds of chemotherapeutics, are aggregated colloids formed through the self-assembling of amphiphilic block copolymers in an aqueous solvent. The popularity of PMs is owing to several unique physicochemical characteristics such as small size, biocompatibility, core-shell arrangement, high drug loading capacity, and favorable solubility. There is a plethora of studies on the use of these nano-delivery systems over years to overcome the issues related to drug administration, like low water solubility.Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are targeted therapy agents that constitute a significant part of cancer treatment modality due to targeting key biological molecules (EGFRs, PDGFR, and HER2) largely involved in the progression of cancer. However, issues associated with TKIs such as water-insolubility, short circulation time, systemic toxicity, and drug resistance pose challenges in the way of cancer therapy. In the present review, in addition to providing an introduction to micelles and different types of block copolymers, we attempt to present the latest information on clinical and preclinical research on employing PMs to deliver different TKIs to various types of tumors.
Impact of Covid-19 on Higher Education: A Comparative Study of Three Public Universities in Bangladesh
Authors: Hosen Md. Miraz , Islam Shammy , Soaib Mr.
Published: February 2023

The global health pandemic caused by COVID-19 in the 2020s has had numerous significant effects on the education sector. One of them was the transition to online-based learning. Bangladesh's public universities have also adopted this method of education, as has the rest of the world. This study examines the impact of COVID-19 on higher education at three selected Bangladeshi public universities by highlighting the challenges that online teaching and learning experience. The results indicate that none of the chosen universities properly ensured a participatory and well-functioning online education system during the pandemic due to the scarcity of support, both technological and economic, for their faculties and students. The article suggests that feasible technological, monetary and academic initiatives should be taken by the universities and government authorities to strengthen the existing online education system and make it more compatible with the current requirements and any future crises.
Data science for novel molecular materials: Applications to supramolecular chemistry and stem cell science
Authors: Packwood Daniel
Published: February 2023

Over the last several years, machine learning and other data science techniques have made a profound impact on computational chemistry. On the one hand, data science techniques have significantly broadened the scope of molecular simulation , allowing us to study more complex materials over longer time scales. On the other, these techniques have allowed us to extract obscure structure function correlations from molecule databases, which can subsequently be used to design new functional materials.

In this presentation, I will illustrate these points by introducing two topics from our group's research. The first topic concerns the formation of supramolecular clusters via on surface molecular self assembly. By utilizing machine learned intermolecular potentials, we have developed new methodology for simulating the molecular self assembly process and predicting what kinds of supra molecular clusters will form. This simulation enables one to screen different types of molecules for the purposes of designing new supramolecular materials with novel functionality. The second topic concerns the generation of cardiac tissue from human stem cells. We have developed a machine learned model which can predict whether a particular organic compound will induce cardiac differentiation when applied to a stem cell, on the basis of molecule shape and hydrophilicity information extracted from a small chemical database. This talk is intended for general audiences who wish to know something about how data science can be applied in chemistry.
Data-assimilation and stability analysis of turbulent mean flows around airfoils close to stall
Authors: Marquet Olivier
Published: February 2023

The prediction of turbulent mean flows around airfoil near stalling conditions is still nowadays a challenge for numerical simulation based on Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes equations. Transition and linear-eddy viscosity turbulence models classicaly used in the aeronautical industry do not properly capture the separation and reattachment of laminar/turbulent boundary layers that occur when increasing the angle of attack. This lack of accuracy prevents such turbulence models from properly predicting not only the mean flow but also the onset of low–frequency oscillations [3] or transverse cellular patterns [2] that are observed experimentally close to the stall angle. In this talk, we will show recent results of our group to improve (i) the turbulence mean flow estimation thanks to adjoint-based data-assimilation techniques [1] and (ii) the prediction of low-frequency oscillations and stall cells using global stability analysis of assimilated mean flows. Firstly, we will consider the onset of stall cells around a NACA4412 airfoil at Reynolds number Re=350 000. A transition/turbulence model is corrected using a full-state mean flow velocity field obtained from Direct Numerical Simulation. The stability analysis of the assimilated mean flow, based on the linearization of the RANS and turbulence models, reveals the existence of a three-dimensional steady global mode that gets unstable for angle of attack and transverse wavenumber in agreement with the experimental results. Those results will be discussed and compared to those obtained with methods recently proposed in the litterature and based on frozen eddy-viscosity approaches and eddy-viscosity fields estimated from DNS mean-flow. Secondly, we will consider the low-frequency flow-oscillations around a NACA0012 airfoil at angles of attack 10 degrees and various Reynolds numbers in the range [30000-50000]. In that case, velocity fields measured with Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) are used to calibrate the turbulence model. The stability analysis of those assimilated mean flows predicts the existence of an unstable low-frequency global mode that may explain bursting events observed in the mean flow. We will conclude this talk by discussing the limit of our approach and the remaining challenges.
Caring of Neurosurgical Patients with External Ventricular Drain
Authors: Mahat Roshani , Moktan Amita , Thapa Sanskriti , Devkota Ranju , Rajbhandari Pravesh , Pant Basant
Published: February 2023

An external ventricular drain (EVD), also known as a ventriculostomy or extraventricular drain, is a device used in neurosurgery to treat hydrocephalus which can lead to raised intracranial pressure when the normal flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inside the brain is obstructed. An EVD is a flexible plastic catheter placed by a neurosurgeon or neurointensivist and managed by intensive care unit (ICU) physicians and nurses. The purpose of external ventricular drainage is to divert fluid from the ventricles of the brain and allow for monitoring of intracranial pressure Nurses are responsible for the care of patients who have external ventricular drains. This article explains how the drains work and discusses key nursing considerations for their management
An Integrated Study of Parent Satisfaction with Ongoing Home Visitation for Moms and Children
Authors: Myhydeen Yousif Mufaz
Published: February 2023

The present study focuses on an integrated study of parent satisfaction with ongoing home visitation for moms and children. This paper aims to integrate and critically examine the available research on parent satisfaction with ongoing home-visiting care for mothers and children. Study selection, data extraction, data synthesis, and critical assessment were all carried out by two separate researchers. The results showed that 13 studies (nine quantitative and four qualitative) passed the inclusion criteria. This research indicated that as compared to parents who got regular or institutional care, those who received home visiting treatments reported much better levels of satisfaction. Parental happiness was shown to be influenced by the quantity of services received. The effects on parents' happiness, however, were contradictory. The nurse-client connection, respect, autonomy, and emotional support were also identified as crucial components of care by parents. Conclusion: Delivering services in the context of excellent and empowered relationships is just as crucial as ensuring that home-visiting practitioners offer evidence-based care and treatments. It is advised that further study be conducted to better comprehend the care process and the processes that improve parent satisfaction and positive experiences, hence maximizing the quality of care provided.