bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accurate quantification of photothermal heat originating from a plasmonic metasurface
Authors: Mehrzad Hossein , Habibimoghaddam Fatemeh , Mohajerani Ezeddin , Mohammadimasoudi Mohammad
Published: March 2020

Photothermal effect in plasmonic nanostructures (thermoplasmonic), as a nanoscale heater, has been widely used in biomedical technology and optoelectronic devices. However, the big challenge in this effect is the quantitative characterization of the delivered heat to the surrounding environment. In this work, a plasmonic metasurface (as a nanoheater), and a Fabry–Perot (FP) cavity including liquid crystal (as a thermometer element) are integrated. The metasurface is manufactured through a bottom-up deposition method and has a near perfect absorption that causes an efficient temperature rising in the photothermal experiment under a low intensity of irradiation (

0.25

W

/

c
m

2

). Generated heat from the metasurface dissipates to the liquid crystal (LC) layer and makes a spectral shift of FP modes. More than 50°C temperature elevation with accuracy of 1.3°C are measured based on the consistency of anisotropic thermo-tropic data of the LC and a spectral shift of FP modes. The calculated figure of merit (FoM) of the constructed device, which indicates the temperature sensitivity, is 22. The FoM is four times more than other reported thermometry devices with broad spectral width. The device can be also used as an all-optical device to control the plasmonic resonance spectrum.
Magneto-optic modulation of lateral and angular shifts in spin-orbit coupled members of the graphene family
Authors: Shah Muzamil , Anwar Muhammad Sabieh
Published: March 2020

The intrinsic spin-orbit coupling in 2D staggered monolayer semiconductors is very large as compared to graphene. The large spin orbit interaction in these materials leads to the opening of a gap in the energy spectrum and spin-splitting of the bands in each valley. In this paper, we theoretically investigate the mechanical steering of beams from these spin-orbit rich, staggered 2D materials. Mechanical steering results in noticeable deviations of the reflected and transmitted ray profiles as predicted from classical laws of optics. These effects are generally called the Goos–Hänchen (GH) and Imbert-Fedorov shifts. We find that electric and magnetic field modulated giant spatial and angular GH shifts can be achieved in these materials for incident angles in the vicinity of the Brewster angle in the terahertz regime. We also determine the dependence of beam shifts on the chemical potential and find that the Brewster angle and the sign of GH shift can be controlled by varying the chemical potential. This allows the possibility of realizing spin and valley dependent optical effects that can be useful readout markers for experiments in quantum information processing, biosensing, and valleytronics, employed in the terahertz regime.
Textos e Contextos: a Relação entre Teoria e Prática na PES pela voz de Futuros/as Educadores/as e Professores/as
Authors: Gonçalves Carolina , Tomás Catarina
Published: March 2020

A relação entre teoria e prática no contexto da formação de educadores/as de infância e/ou de professores/as tem sido uma temática recorrente no âmbito das Ciências da Educação. No entanto, continua a revestir-se de especial importância no atual quadro de formação de estudantes-estagiários/as como um dos alicerces da autoimagem pedagógica. O estudo desenvolvido, assumindo uma abordagem mista, a partir da auscultação de 115 estudantes estagiários/as, a frequentar mestrados profissionalizantes em Portugal continental, teve como objetivos: identificar os marcos teóricos que mobilizam na realização da PES, analisar a natureza dos argumentos que justificam o seu uso, assim como a importância da relação que estabelecem entre a teoria e a prática. Os resultados apontam para uma predominância de referências teóricas na área da Educacional Geral, sobretudo nacionais e clássicas, assim como a valorização da relação entre a teoria e a prática, ainda que esta posição não seja assumida por todos/as os/as participantes.
El método de formación en la actividad profesional productiva
Authors: Mena-Lorenzo Jorge Luís , Mena-Lorenzo Juan Alberto
Published: March 2020

En el presente estudio se fundamenta el método de formación en la actividad profesional productiva bajo la cooperación educador-estudiante como vía esencial para la dinamización de las relaciones entre la institución educativa y la empresa. Se analizan cómo se producen los aprendizajes de los futuros profesionales y su rol una vez insertados en las instituciones productivas, para establecer las relaciones entre los componentes didácticos del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje que se desarrolla en las empresas.
Recensão ao Livro Escola pública. Tempos difíceis, mas não impossíveis
Authors: Damião Maria Helena
Published: March 2020

Krawczyk, Nora (Org.) (2018). Escola pública. Tempos difíceis, mas não impossíveis. Campinas: Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Estadual de Campinas.

“Escola pública. Tempos difíceis, mas não impossíveis” é o título de um livro publicado em finais de 2018 com a chancela da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Apresentando, em subtítulo, um diagnóstico preocupante da escola estatal, abre, em simultâneo, portas à sua superação. Esta é a linha de reflexão, predominantemente sociológica, que dá coerência à obra.

Resultando de um congresso internacional, com o mesmo título, realizado em 2017, aquando das comemorações dos quarenta e cinco anos dessa Faculdade, detêm-se no contexto educativo brasileiro, que, à semelhança de muitos outros, segue, de maneira próxima, a ideia de educação que se afirma como global. Organizado por uma professora da Faculdade (Nora Krawczyk), que escreveu a Introdução, tem Prefácio das suas Diretora e Diretora Associada (Dirce Zan e Débora Mazza). São duas partes que, apesar de breves, traduzem um compromisso claro e, devemos reconhecer, corajoso, para com a escola pública, o qual se vê replicado nos vários textos.

(...)
A 17. századi svéd gyarmatosítás egy rövid epizódja
Authors: Schvéd Brigitta Kinga
Published: March 2020

The possibility of Swedish colonialism emerged for the first time during the reign of Gustav II Adolph of Sweden (1611–1632), when he issued a decree on the policy of Swedish colonization outside Europe in 1625. The Kingdom of Sweden was one of the most spectacularly expanding states in Europe in the 17th century, and the unmatched success of Swedish dynasticism was primarily due to their expansive foreign policy. The establishment of the Swedish colonization of the era – the founding of New Sweden in North America and the Swedish Gold Coast in West Africa – composed important foreground to the Swedish expansion. It is essential to explore the Dutch cultural transfer and intermediation in order to analyze the phenomenon of Swedish colonization, as the political and economic relations with The Hague (Staten-Generaal) and the activity of Dutch agents, diplomats, artists, architects, traders and entrepreneurs produced important background for the Kingdom of Sweden’s ambitions in the 17th century. The present study summarizes the Swedish colonization in North America and examines the activities of the Swedish Africa Company (Svenska Afrikakompaniet) from 1648–1649 to 1663, from the point of view of the Swedish–Dutch cultural transfers of the era, due to the Dutch affiliates involved in the operation of the company.
Az amerikai légierő Budapest elleni légitámadásai a II. világháború idején
Authors: Oláh András Pál
Published: March 2020

Primarily thanks to recently discovered American archives documents, the comprehensive history of the American air raids against Hungary during the Second World War is now ready for review. On the 75th anniversary of the events I briefly summarise and analyse the in-depth data of the American air raids against Budapest, and I investigate whether, in comparison to rural cities and considering its significance, Budapest was an overrepresented target during the 1944–1945 air war. Based on my conclusions and in view of the whole picture, there is no doubt about Budapest having been more targeted and overrepresented than the rural cities. One obvious reason for that was the centralised industrial transporting lines and railway. It is certain that Budapest was the most heavily bombed location in Hungary by the U.S. Air Force during World War 2, at least the statistics support this fact. However, if upon investigating individual air raids we examine the target groups and further break them down to targets, we find that one by one these had to withstand almost the same strain as a rural city.
PPIs and GI Cancers: Impeached But Likely to Be Acquitted
Authors: Howden Colin W.
Published: March 2020

In this edition of the journal, there is an important nested case-control study from investigators at Kaiser Permanente, Northern California. Proton pump inhibitor exposure for 10 or more years was not associated with any increased risk of gastric cancer. Small observed increased risks of colorectal, hepatocellular, and pancreatic cancers with 10 or more years of exposure are likely to have been spurious. If proton pump inhibitors were to be impeached on the basis of gastrointestinal cancer risk, they are likely to be subsequently acquitted.
Inclusão digital de jovens e adultos e educação popular
Authors: Malaggi Vitor , Miyashiro Rosana
Published: March 2020

O artigo analisa o desenvolvimento do Círculo de Cultura Digital, experiência de educação popular com jovens/adultos da classe trabalhadora e que intenciona a promoção da inclusão digital desses sujeitos. O projeto está vinculado ao Programa de Extensão intitulado “Inclusão Digital na Educação Popular de Jovens/Adultos e Formação de Professores”, construído na parceria estabelecida entre educadores da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina e Escola de Turismo e Hotelaria Canto da Ilha. Esta proposta busca (re)pensar os sentidos da inclusão digital para trabalhar por uma apropriação crítico-problematizadora das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação. A metodologia do Círculo de Cultura Digital está ancorada nos fundamentos da Educação Popular Freiriana, constituindo-se como espaço-tempo formativo, de cunho presencial-virtual, em que a socialização de experiências e construção coletiva de conhecimentos ocorre pela autoria e colaboração na cultura digital. Resultados indicam que a formação desenvolvida no Círculo pode constituir experiência de apropriação/objetivação crítica e criativa das TIC por jovens/adultos da classe trabalhadora. Em síntese, identifica-se um potencial formativo para avançar além das perspectivas instrumentais de inclusão digital, que primam pelo aprendizado neutro e a-histórico das dimensões operacionais destas tecnologias, utilizadas majoritariamente a partir de objetivos fetichizados e individualistas.
Os diferentes olhares sobre humanização da assistência na Atenção Básica à Saúde
Authors: Souza Herika da Silva , Sampaio Karynne Machado de , Pereira Mayane Carneiro Alves , Nunes Monara Kedma Gomes
Published: March 2020

A Política Nacional de Humanização surge, em 2003, para efetivar os princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde no cotidiano das práticas de atenção e gestão. Essa pesquisa objetivou discutir sobre as percepções acerca do atendimento humanizado nas principais áreas da saúde. Realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico nas bases de dados SciELO, MEDLINE/PUBMED e LILACS, com estudos publicados nos últimos 10 anos, encontrando 19 trabalhos que atendiam aos critérios de inclusão: artigos que objetivaram avaliar a percepção de profissionais acerca do tema humanização e textos completos. Foi realizada uma leitura exploratória dos resumos, materiais/métodos e resultados dos artigos, os quais foram divididos em tabelas, caracterizando-os quanto a amostra, objetivo, principais resultados encontrados e analisados quanto a qualidade metodológica por meio da Escala PEDro. Os artigos abordavam fatores que impulsionam o processo de trabalho, como: acolhimento, acessibilidade, trabalho em equipe e gestão participativa. Quanto à qualidade metodológica, apenas quatro estudos obedeceram aos critérios avaliados, com escore maior ou igual a seis. Os resultados foram analisados por três aspectos: o conceito humanizador; ser humanizado em saúde; e o usuário no contexto da humanização da assistência. Evidenciou-se que esta é uma temática de extrema eficácia para o processo de trabalho, fazendo-se necessários novos estudos.
O estágio curricular supervisionado em espaços não escolares
Authors: Pereira Ana Lúcia Nunes , Feldmann Marina Graziela
Published: March 2020

O estudo analisa o estágio curricular supervisionado em espaços não escolares e suas contribuições para formação inicial de pedagogos. Partimos da seguinte questão: qual a contribuição formativa que o estágio curricular supervisionado em espaços não escolares possibilita aos estudantes do Curso de Pedagogia da Universidade do Estado da Bahia? Apresentamos como objetivos de investigação: identificar a articulação entre o currículo, a cultura e a formação no estágio nesses espaços; analisar se o estágio em espaços não escolares tem contribuído com a formação dos acadêmicos. A investigação se inscreve dentro dos princípios da pesquisa qualitativa, desenvolvida em duas fases interdependentes. A primeira composta por uma pesquisa bibliográfica e análise de documentos sobre o referido campo de estudo; a segunda se constituiu numa investigação do fenômeno, na qual se busca resgatar a visão dos sujeitos envolvidos no processo de formação. Os sujeitos desse trabalho foram 30 estudantes de pedagogia e cinco docentes coordenadores do estágio curricular. No olhar dos sujeitos pesquisados o estágio em espaços não escolares mostrou-se como importante campo para ampliação e atuação do profissional pedagogo; espaço de construção da formação e humanização; também explicitou o distanciamento entre a teoria e a prática no desenvolvimento de suas ações.
A contrarreforma da educação superior brasileira no contexto da crise do capital
Authors: Guerra Agercicleiton Coelho , Rocha Antonia Rozimar Machado e , Ferreira Marcela Figueira
Published: March 2020

O presente artigo discute as mudanças no ensino superior brasileiro a partir do contexto da crise estrutural do capital. Assim, buscamos relacionar como o desenvolvimento do sistema capitalista e as mudanças socioprodutivas atingem a educação brasileira e o ensino superior. A metodologia da pesquisa é de cunho bibliográfico-documental. Concluímos que o crescimento do setor privado no ensino superior possui uma estreita relação com as políticas econômicas adotadas nos países periféricos. Serviços essenciais como de saúde e educação passam pela privatização, atingindo a população não somente por essa via, mas também pela negação do acesso às instituições públicas de ensino superior e às áreas de conhecimento da universidade baseadas no tripé ensino, pesquisa e extensão.
Engineering Method of Prediction of Plume Path of Air Launched Missile
Authors: Anandhanarayanan Karuppanasamy , Raj Ankit , Krishnamurthy Rajah , Chakraborty Debasis
Published: March 2020

Separation dynamics study of an air-launched missile is a paramount task for ensuring the safety of launch aircraft. The study should certify that there is absolute absence of any physical interference of missile with the aircraft at any circumstance. It is also important to ensure that the interference of rocket motor plume of hot-launched missile does not have any significant effect on the structure, on board electronic components and sensitive parts of the aircraft. The plume ingestion into the aircraft intake is a critical problem which endangers the safety of the aircraft. Therefore, the prediction of plume path of hot-launched missile is a significant part of separation dynamics study. An engineering approach based on a particle tracking method was followed in predicting the plume path in the present work. Further, the method is modified using reverse particle tracking method to make it more efficient. The method is applied in predicting plume path for an air-to air-missile and is found that this approach gives reasonably accurate plume path with minimum computational requirements.
Development and Rheological Characterisation of Abrasive Flow Finishing Medium for Finishing Macro to Micro Features
Authors: Singh Sachin , Sankar M. Ravi
Published: March 2020

Technological advancement demands the manufacturing of components with a fine surface finish at a minimal cost. This scenario acts as the driving force for the research communities to develop economic finishing processes. Abrasive flow finishing (AFF) is one of the advanced finishing processes employed for finishing, deburring, radiusing and recast layer removal from the workpiece surfaces. AFF process uses a finishing medium that acts as a deformable tool during the finishing process. It is the rheological properties of the medium that profoundly influences the end surface finish obtained on the workpiece after the AFF process. In the current work, an attempt is made to develop an economic AFF medium by using viscoelastic polymers i.e., soft styrene and soft silicone polymer. Detailed static and dynamic characterisation of the medium is carried out. Later, to study the finishing performance of the developed medium, AFF experiments are performed for the finishing of macro and micro feature components. The experimental study showed that the nano surface finish could be achieved by varying the viscosity of the developed medium. Developed medium achieved 89.06 per cent improvement in surface roughness during finishing of tubes (macro feature component), while 92.13 per cent and 88.11 per cent surface roughness improvement is achieved during finishing of microslots and microholes (micro feature component), respectively.
Study on Friction Sensitivity of Passive and Active Binder based Composite Solid Propellants and Correlation with Burning Rate
Authors: Hoque Ehtasimul , Pant Chandra Shekhar , Das Sushanta
Published: March 2020

Friction sensitivity of composite propellants and their ingredients is of significant interest to mitigate the risk associated with the accidental initiation while processing, handling, and transportation. In this work, attempts were made to examine the friction sensitivity of passive binder: Hydroxy Terminated Polybutadiene/Aluminium/Ammonium Perchlorate and active binder: (Polymer + Nitrate Esters)/Ammonium Perchlorate/Aluminium/Nitramine based composite propellants by using BAM Friction Apparatus. As per the recommendation of NATO standard STANAG–4487, the friction sensitivity was assessed by two methods: Limiting Frictional load and Frictional load for 50% probability of initiation (F50). The test results showed that the active binder based formulations were more vulnerable to frictional load as compared to the formulations with passive binders. Examination of a comprehensive set of propellant compositions revealed that the particle size distribution of Ammonium Perchlorate and burn rate catalysts were the most influential factors in dictating the friction sensitivity for HTPB/Al/AP composite propellants. For active binder/AP/Al/Nitramine composite propellants, the formulation with RDX was found more friction sensitive with a sensitivity value of 44 N as compared to its HMX analog (61 N). The correlation studies of friction sensitivity, burning rate, and thermal decomposition characteristics of HTPB/Al/AP composite propellants is described.
New Chemicals and Routes for the Preparation of Gelatin/HA Composites using the Wet Precipitation Method
Authors: Akbar Nur , Mustari Asril Pramutadi Andi , Noviyanti Atiek Rostika
Published: March 2020

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a material that has many uses in a wide variety of applications such as bone repair, bone implants, and bone drug delivery systems. However, the main weakness of this material is its mechanical strength, which HA is not enough to be directly applied. Gelatin addition is used to improve the mechanical properties that can support material properties for the load-bearing application. This research aimed to obtain gelatin/HA composites with high mechanical strength. This goal is achieved by finding the optimum composite composition (addition of 20, 30, and 40% w/w gelatin), CaO precursors from chicken eggshells, and gradual composite preparation. The preparation of gelatin/HA composites was carried out using the wet precipitation method. The chemical bonding, the compressive strength of HA and gelatin/HA composites, and also morphologies were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), Universal Testing Machine, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) respectively. The FTIR spectra show there are chemical bonds between amide and carboxyl in gelatin and Ca2+ in HA. The best compressive strength obtained at the composition of 20% gelatin/HA composite is 99.3 MPa (meanwhile HA is 81.5 MPa). The addition of gelatin to HA increases the particle density; this contributes to the increase in mechanical strength.
Utilization of Ecoenzyme Citrus reticulata in a microbial fuel cell as a new potential of renewable energy
Authors: Dewi Imelia , Ambarsari Laksmi , Maddu Akhiruddin
Published: March 2020

The world's energy needs generally come from non-renewable sources. In other circumstances, some research on renewable energy is being developed from a variety of different sources, one of which is biomass. Biomass changes the energy system towards the modernization of the bioenergy system by utilizing the concept of biochemical systems (BESs). A microbial fuel cell is known as one of the renewable technologies that convert biomass with the help of microbes to produce electricity. This research is based on a microbial fuel cell based on ecoenzyme Citrus reticulata known as Ecoenzyme fuel cell to determine the electrical value (voltage, current, and power density). Ecoenzyme was made from orange peel waste, molasses, and water with a ratio of 3: 1: 10 and fermented for a month. Meanwhile, the electrode device used was a pencil graphite. Some treatments were carried out to optimize the performance of the system based on the number of electrodes (one pair and three pairs), and the stirring conditions, stirring at 200 rpm and without stirring (0 rpm). The EFC system was run for four weeks (600 hours) with the highest voltage obtained at 650 mV and current at 29.55 mA. The ecoenzyme produced the most significant power density of 750 W/m2 in the treatment of 3 electrode pairs with a stirring speed of 200 rpm. The influence of electrodes and stirring in the MFC system upsurged the electrical value output by 53.7% for a pair of electrodes and 142% for three electrode pairs. Further development will continue to be done to improve the performance and output of the Ecoenzyme fuel cell system as a future renewable energy source in Indonesia.
Koagulasi Pewarna Indigo Karmina (Disodium-3,3’-dioxo-2,2’-bi-indolylidene-5,5’-disulfonat) dengan Metode Elektrolisis Menggunakan Anoda Seng
Authors: Darmawan Adi , Suhartana Suhartana , Kristinawati Leny
Published: March 2020

Zat warna indigo karmina merupakan salah satu senyawa organik yang digunakan dalam proses pewarnaan tekstil. Zat warna ini menghasilkan limbah cair yang mengakibatkan pencemaran dan kerusakan lingkungan. Sementara seng sisa juga mudah ditemukan. Elektrolisis merupakan suatu metode yang digunakan untuk memanfaatkan kembali kedua limbah tersebut. Logam seng dimanfaatkan sebagai elektroda untuk mendekolorisasi pewarna indigo karmina. Elektrolisis dilakukan selama 7 menit dan tegangan eksternal 6 Volt dengan variasi pH dan temperatur. Hasil elektrolisis dianalisis dengan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa elektrodekolorisasi dipengaruhi oleh pH dan temperatur. Elektrodekolorisasi pewarna indigo karmina efektif dilakukan pada pH asam yaitu 4 dengan persen dekolorisasi 94,52% dan pada temperatur 70oC dengan persen dekolorisasi 98,09 %.
Amobilasasi Biomassa Chlorella Sp pada Silika Gel sebagai Adsorben Tembaga
Authors: Hastuti Rum , Gunawan Gunawan
Published: March 2020

Amobilisasi Biomassa Chlorella sp pada Silika gel sebagai adsorben, merupakan salah satu upaya untuk meningkatan kapasitas adsorpsi adsorben . Silika gel dan Biomassa Chlorella sp keduanya merupakan adsorben yang mempunyai keterbatasan kemampuan adsorpsin. Dengan melakukan amobilsasi Biomassa Chlorella sp pada silica gel diharapkan kesinergian sebagai adsorben dapat meningkatkan kapasitas adsorpsi adsorben tersebut. Uji kapasitas adsorpsi diterapkan pada larutan tembaga (II) melalui beberapa parameter perlakuan, yaitu pH larutan, waktu kontak dan konsentrasi larutan tembaga (II). Dari hasil pengamatan diperoleh peningkatan kapasitas adsorpsi 5 kali lebih besar. Kapasitas adsorpsi maksimal adsorben biomassa chlorella sp teramobilisasi terjadi pada pH=5 dengan kapasitas adsorpsi 24,91 mg/g, sedangkan kapasitas adsorpsi maksimal biomassa chlorella sp tanpa amobilisasi pada silica gel hanya 23,58 mg/g. pada pH=4
Daya Pemacu Pertumbuhan Monosodium Glutamat dan Efek Sampingnya pada Ren Ayam (Gallus sp)
Authors: Muliani Hirawati
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh monosodium glutamat terhadap pertumbuhan ayam petelur betina dan untuk mengetahui efek sampingnya terhadap ren. Dua puluh empat ekor ayam petelur betina diaklimasi selama 3 minggu. Ayam-ayam tersebut kemudian dikelompokkan menjadi 4 kelompok perlakuan, dengan 6 ulangan dalam tiap kelompok. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah 0 mg; 7,5 mg; 15 mg; 22,5 mg monosodium glutamat per oral sekali sehari selama 3 minggu. Parameter utama yang diamati adalah pertambahan bobot badan, tinggi sel epitelium tubulus kontortus proksimalis, tinggi sel epitelium tubulus kontortus distalis, dan perubahan struktur glomerulus. Parameter penunjang yang diamati adalah berat ren pada akhir perlakuan. Data kuantitatif yang didapat dianalisis dengan analisis varians dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dan Uji Beda Nyata Terkecil. Hasil yang didapat menunjukkan bahwa monosodium glutamat dapat memacu pertumbuhan ayam petelur betina tetapi menyebabkan efek samping terjadinya glomerulonefritis pada ren.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Ca2+ dan (PO4)3- pada Pembentukan Hidroksiapatit di dalam Matriks Selulosa Bakterial
Authors: Windarti Tri , Astuti Yayuk
Published: March 2020

Pembentukan hidroksiapatit Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 dalam matriks selulosa bakterial dilakukan dengan cara merendam selulosa bakterial dalam larutan CaCl2 selama 18 jam, dilanjutkan dengan merendam dalam larutan KH2PO4 selama 18 jam pada pH 9. Perendaman tersebut dilakukan dengan berbagai variasi konsentrasi Ca2+ dan PO42-. Kadar kalsium yang terdeposit dalam selulosa bakterial dianalisis dengan AAS. Kadar fosfat dianalisis dengan Stannous Chloride methode dan untuk mengetahui apakah kalsium fosfat yang terdeposit membentuk struktur hidroksiapatit, dilakukan analisis dengan difraksi sinar X. Difraktogram sinar X menunjukkan telah terbentuk struktur hidroksiapatit dalam matriks selulosa bakterial dan rasio ideal C/P hidroksiapatit sebesar 1,676 terjadi pada perbandingan Ca2+: PO43- = 125 : 25.
Pengaruh Bahan Elektrode pada Pengambilan Cu dan Cd secara Elektrokimia
Authors: Haris Abdul , Suberta Melani , Widodo Didik Setiyo
Published: March 2020

Pengolahan biji tembaga menjadi tembaga banyak dilakukan menggunakan proses pemekatan melelui pencucian dan pemisahan secara fisik dengan hasil yang tidak maksimal karena sebagian logam ikut terbuang bersama pengotor logam yang lain, diantaranya kadmium ke dalam ekosistem darat dan perairan.Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh bahan elektroda pada pengambilan tembaga dan kadmium dari campuran dengan komposisi elektrolit CuSO4 dan CdSO4 secara elektrolisis. Sel elektrolisis menggunakan variasi bahan elektroda tembaga- karbon (Cu-C), seng - karbon (Zn-C) dan karbon-karbon (C-C). Elektrolisis dijalankan dengan potensial terpasang tetap pada temperatur kamar selama 2 jam.Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa kuantitas pengendapan tembaga terbaik pada elektrode (Zn-C) dapat menurunkan kadar Cu2+ dari 63,5 ppm menjadi 41,5 ppm dengan efisiensi arus 32,0 %, dan elektrode (Cu-C) dapat menurunkan kadar Cd dari 112,4 ppm menjadi 94,4 ppm dengan efisiensi arus 3,8 %Kata kunci : tembaga, kadmium, elektrolisis, bahan elektroda
Granice władztwa planistycznego przy uchwalaniu miejscowego planu zagospodarowania przestrzennego
Authors: Zwolak Sławomir
Published: March 2020

The considerations of the article focus on the planning power exercised by a municipality as a unilateral and authoritative determination of the purpose of the land and its development. The municipality in the capacity of a planning au­thority cannot assume an absolute and unlimited power and must act within the limits determined by applicable and binding laws. Hence, in the implementation of its land development tasks, the municipality (or local authorities) are bound by the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland and other relevant laws that govern the planning authority granted to municipalities. Exceeding the limits of this planning power will occur when planning solutions prove to be arbitrary and lack substantive justification. Defective legal solutions include not only solutions that violate the law, but also those that result from a potential abuse of the competence of the municipality. Determining the land purpose and the manner of its management must reflect a reasonable and real need for the solution adopted. When the latter is detached from the legal and factual status of the land in question, a violation of planning power arises. When a municipality adopts a local plan which introduces certain restrictions in the use of the property right that is protected in the Constitution, it is obliged to apply legal measures that will be the least onerous for individual entities and which will remain in a rational proportion to the intended purposes. However, certain situations that will lead to the conflict of interests are unavoidable. Settling these conflicts in the process of law-making requires, each time, the weighing off the interests of individual property owners and the public interest of the whole local community. Individual owners may sue the municipal planning authority on the grounds of the abuse of its planning power when adopting a local land management plan and such legal actions may be effective.
Serum FGF-21 and FGF-23 in association with gestational diabetes: a longitudinal case-control study
Authors: Mosavat Maryam , Omar Siti Zawiah , Sthanshewar Pavai
Published: March 2020

Background

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs); FGF-21 and FGF-23, have been proposed to be associated with metabolic syndrome. However, data on the role of these peptides in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are limited. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the association of serum FGF-21 and FGF-23 with the risk of GDM. Furthermore, we evaluated the circulation of these peptides in pregnancy and post-puerperium.

Materials and methods

Fifty-three pregnant subjects with GDM and 43 normal glucose tolerance (NGT) pregnant women participated in this study. Serum FGF-21 and FGF-23 were measured during pregnancy and post-puerperium.

Results

FGF-21 and FGF-23 were low in GDM compared to NGT during pregnancy. There were no significant differences in the level of these peptides post-puerperium. Using logistic regression, FGF-23 [odds ratio (OR) 0.70 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.50–0.96)] was inversely associated with GDM, so a 1-μg/mL decrease in FGF-23 levels was associated with a 1.4-fold increased risk of developing GDM and this remained statistically significant after adjustment for confounders [adjusted OR (aOR) 0.70 (95% CI: 0.50–0.98)]. There was no association of FGF-21 with the development of GDM risk.

Conclusions

Lower FGF-23 concentrations could be involved in the pathophysiology of GDM. FGF-21, even though associated with metabolic risk factors in pregnancy, may not be a fundamental factor in GDM.
Preparation and electromagnetic properties characterization of reduced graphene oxide/strontium hexaferrite nanocomposites
Authors: Du Shumin , Chen Huaiyin , Hong Ruoyu
Published: March 2020

With the rapid development of electronics and information technology, electronics and electrical equipment have been widely used in our daily lives. The living environment is full of electromagnetic waves of various frequencies and energy. Electromagnetic wave radiation has evolved into a new type of environmental pollution that has been listed by the WHO (World Health Organization) as the fourth largest source of environmental pollution after water, atmosphere, and noise. Studies have shown that when electromagnetic wave radiation is too much, it can cause neurological disorders. And electromagnetic interference will cause the abnormal operation of medical equipment, precision instruments and other equipment, and therefore cause incalculable consequences. Therefore, electromagnetic protection has become a hot issue of concern to the social and scientific circles.
Review on the research progress of cement-based and geopolymer materials modified by graphene and graphene oxide
Authors: Liu Changjiang , Huang Xiaochuan , Wu Yu-You , Deng Xiaowei , Liu Jian , Zheng Zhoulian , Hui David
Published: March 2020

In recent years, with the higher requirements for the performance of cement-based materials and the call for energy conservation and environmental protection, a wave of research on new materials has set off, and various high-performance concrete and more environmentally friendly geopolymers have appeared in the public. With a view to solving the defects of energy consumption, environmental protection and low toughness of traditional cement-based materials. At the same time, nanomaterials have become a focus of current research. Therefore, the research on the properties of cement-based materials and geopolymers modified by graphene and its derivatives has aroused extensive interest of researchers. Graphene-based nanomaterials are one of them. Because of their large specific surface area, excellent physical properties have been favored by many researchers. This paper reviews the research progress of graphene-based nanomaterials in improving the properties of cement-based materials and geopolymer materials, and points out the main challenges and development prospects of such materials in the construction field in the future.
Using Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia to predict the outcome of the dissolution of states: factors that lead to internal conflict and civil war
Authors: Kennedy Thomas
Published: March 2020

During the process of the dissolution of countries, there exist multiple critical junctures that lead to the partition of the territory, where the different groups cannot find a consensus on who rules and how to organize the government. The outcome of these crossroad decisions and political dynamics, who are often set-up centuries ago, either lead to conflict or relative peace between the nations and peoples who express opprobrium towards each other. The most recent cases of the divorce of Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia have many similitudes and are therefore appropriate to attempt to theoretically analyze the essential difference between these two types of partitions. The Yugoslav situation led to War between the nations of Croatia, Bosnia, Slovenia and Serbia, with an estimated 140,000 citizens of the former Yugoslav Republics killed, while the Czechoslovak case led to an innocuous settlement of differences and the creation of the Czech Republic and Slovakia, who joined the European Union ten years later and saw zero casualties.

It is worthwhile to study the relationship between the dissolution of states and conflict using the Czechoslovak and Yugoslav cases for three main reasons. First, the similitude of the two instances enables one to identify variables that bring the outcome of having either peaceful relations or conflict between divorcing nations. Second, it is possible to compare the opposing disposition of variables with other countries that faced dissolution at one moment in history. Third, the sources and research for the two events are extensive, but very seldom put into conflict, since the causes for dissolution in both instances seem patent and explicit, contrasting significantly in scope and depth. This paper may be an occasion to disprove the notion that unworkable forces were at play here and demonstrate that the situation could have skewed in either direction, even though those structural forces are what lay the groundwork of the situation devolving into conflict.
Octafluorobiphenyl-4,4′-dicarboxylate as a ligand for metal-organic frameworks: progress and perspectives
Authors: Cheplakova Anastasia M. , Samsonenko Denis G. , Fedin Vladimir P.
Published: March 2020

While metal-organic frameworks based on aromatic carboxylates are very numerous and well investigated, the chemistry of their fully fluorinated analogues is at the very beginning. This minireview aims at summarizing all metal complexes with octafluorobiphenyl-4,4′-dicarboxylate (oFBPDC2−) anion and in particular, porous coordination polymers, their syntheses, crystal structures and functional properties highlighting the importance of further investigation of such systems.
Using Tensiomyography to Assess Changes in Knee Muscle Contraction Properties After Concentric and Eccentric Fatiguing Muscle Actions
Authors: Muñoz-López Alejandro , De Hoyo Moisés , Nuñez Francisco J. , Sañudo Borja
Published: March 2020

Muñoz-López, A, De Hoyo, M, Nuñez, FJ, and Sañudo, B. Using tensiomyography to assess changes in knee muscle contraction properties after concentric and eccentric fatiguing muscle actions. J Strength Cond Res 36(4): 935–940, 2022—The purposes of this study were to analyze the effects of different types of muscle contraction (concentric and eccentric) on the passive muscular contraction properties of knee muscles and how muscle contraction can affect the muscles in different knee functions. In total, 23 active healthy men (age: 24.65 ± 1.95 years, height: 1.78 ± 0.05 m, mass: 75.33 ± 8.37 kg) participated in this study. Muscle soreness, muscle contractile properties assessed with tensiomyography (TMG) (vastus lateralis [VL] and biceps femoris [BF]), and isometric peak torque were tested before and immediately after 32 maximal repetitions of an isokinetic leg extension and flexion exercise at 180° per second. Muscle contractions were randomized to each subject's leg. From the TMG variables, only contraction velocity showed significant interactions in time × muscle × contraction (p = 0.046; partial

= 0.19). A greater reduction was observed in the BF (−29.03%) than in the VL (−21.25%). There was a significant decrease in contraction velocity after concentric p < 0.001, d = 1.18) and eccentric (p = 0.007, d = 0.51) exercise for the BF, while for VL, a decrease was only observed after concentric exercise (p = 0.007, d = 0.66). The leg extension exercise showed reductions in the isokinetic peak torque (p < 0.001; partial

= 0.83). Isometric peak torque (p < 0.001; partial

= 0.80) and muscle soreness (p < 0.001; partial

= 0.70) decreased after exercise. In conclusion, muscle mechanical properties were differently affected in relation to the muscle contraction and knee muscles involved, after a fatiguing leg extension isokinetic exercise. Isometric peak torque and muscle soreness were also reduced immediately after exercise. These results are particularly important to understand how TMG parameters are modified depending on the type of contraction.
Fishing for Information: Quantitative Analytical Methods for Population and Community Assessments
Authors: Senegal Taylor J. , Flaherty Elizabeth A.
Published: March 2020

Natural resource managers often use quantitative methods to characterize and manage ecosystems. A firm understanding of these methods, ranging from simple counts to complex models, is critical in conducting accurate population and community assessments. Students can gain an advantage in understanding these methods through early exposure and contextual examples. This fictional case study follows three American Fisheries Society club members who perform an ecological assessment of a landowner’s ponds. The club members use multiple sampling methods and analyses to answer the landowner’s questions. In this study, students are introduced to common assessment metrics, such as community patterns (richness, diversity, evenness, and similarity), abundance estimates (mark-recapture, depletion, swept-area, and line-transect), size structure (proportional stock density), and growth estimates (absolute, relative, and instantaneous growth rates; von Bertalanffy growth model). Students will also interpret results and identify physical or biological factors that may influence those results. After completing this case study, students will be able to describe the need for population and community assessments and apply these assessments to various scenarios.
Bone fragility in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Cohen-Solal Martine , Funck-Brentano Thomas , Ureña Torres Pablo
Published: March 2020

Mineral and bone diseases (MBD) are predominant in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and lead to several bone manifestations, from pain to skeletal fractures. Cumulative traditional clinical risk factors, such as age and gender, in addition to those related to CKD, enhance the risk of comorbidity and mortality related to fractures. Despite great advances in understanding MBD in CKD, clinical and biological targets are lacking, which leads to under-management of fractures. Optimal PTH control results in a net improvement in defining the levels of bone remodeling. In addition, circulating biomarkers such as bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and cross-linked collagen type I peptide will also provide additional information about remodeling rate, bone mineralization and the evaluation of fracture risk. Imaging techniques identify patients at risk by measurement of bone mineral density by DEXA or by high peripheral QCT, which allow the discrimination of trabecular and cortical bone. Here, we have reviewed the literature related to epidemiology and the pathophysiological role of mineral and biochemical factors involved in CKD-MBD with a special focus on fracture risk. We also provide an algorithm that could be used for the management of bone diseases and to guide treatment decisions. Finally, the combined expertise of clinicians from various disciplines is crucial for the best prevention of fractures.
A rare cause of severe Cushing’s syndrome
Authors: Zaman Shamaila , Patel Bijal , Glynne Paul , Vanderpump Mark , Alsafi Ali , Khan Sairah , Flora Rashpal , Palazzo Fausto , Wernig Florian
Published: March 2020

Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) production is an uncommon cause of Cushing’s syndrome and, rarely, the source can be a phaeochromocytoma. A 55-year-old man presented following an episode of presumed gastroenteritis with vomiting and general malaise. Further episodes of diarrhoea, joint pains and palpitations followed. On examination, he was hypertensive with no clinical features to suggest hypercortisolaemia. He was subsequently found to have raised plasma normetanephrines of 3.98 nmol/L (NR <0.71) and metanephrines of 0.69 nmol/L (NR <0.36). An adrenal CT showed a 3.8 cm right adrenal nodule, which was not MIBG-avid but was clinically and biochemically consistent with a phaeochromocytoma. He was started on alpha blockade and referred for right adrenalectomy. Four weeks later, on the day of admission for adrenalectomy, profound hypokalaemia was noted (serum potassium 2.0 mmol/L) with non-specific ST-segment ECG changes. He was also diagnosed with new-onset diabetes mellitus (capillary blood glucose of 28 mmol/L). He reported to have gained weight and his skin had become darker over the course of the last 4 weeks. Given these findings, he underwent overnight dexamethasone suppression testing, which showed a non-suppressed serum cortisol of 1099 nmol/L. Baseline serum ACTH was 273 ng/L. A preliminary diagnosis of ectopic ACTH secretion from the known right-sided phaeochromocytoma was made and he was started on metyrapone and insulin. Surgery was postponed for 4 weeks. Following uncomplicated laparoscopic adrenalectomy, the patient recovered with full resolution of symptoms.

Learning points:

Phaeochromocytomas are a rare source of ectopic ACTH secretion. A high clinical index of suspicion is therefore required to make the diagnosis.

Ectopic ACTH secretion from a phaeochromocytoma can rapidly progress to severe Cushing’s syndrome, thus complicating tumour removal.

Removal of the primary tumour often leads to full recovery.

The limited literature suggests that the presence of ectopic Cushing’s syndrome does not appear to have any long-term prognostic implications.
How do Uncertainties in Atomic Parameters Influence Theoretical Predictions of X-Ray Production Cross Sections By Proton Impact?
Authors: J Miranda
Published: March 2020

The emission of characteristic X-rays induced by proton impact is a phenomenon known since the first half of the 20th century. Its more widely known application is the analytical technique Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE). Several models have been developed to calculate, first, ionization cross sections and then the subsequent X-ray production cross sections. However, to carry out the comparisons of these predictions with experimental data it is necessary to use atomic parameters databases (fluorescence yields, Coster-Kronig transition probabilities, emission rates) that also have experimental uncertainties. In this work it is demonstrated how these values do not allow to decide which model describes more accurately the cross sections, due to a final “theoretical uncertainty” obtained through the propagation of the original uncertainties.
Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Curcumin
Authors: E. Islas-Ortiz  , E. O. Reyes-Salas  , A. Negrón-Mendoza  , A. L. Meléndez-López  , G. Reyes-García  , J. A. Cruz- Castañeda  , E. Madrigal-Lagunas
Published: March 2020

In this study, remnants concentrations of curcumin in Curcuma longa (organic turmeric powder) were determined after it was exposed to irradiation doses of 1, 2 and 3 kGy. Curcumin analysis was performed using the analyte-sensitive impulse differential polarography technique (LOD: 0.621 ppm and LOQ: 2.130 ppm). The results obtained showed a decreasing concentration of curcumin as a function of the irradiation dose. This reduction is low in terms of affecting the product’s quality with respect to its concentration.
PADC-NTM Applied in 7Li+Pb at 31 MeV Reaction Products Study
Authors: M. Cinausero  , A. M. Sajo-Castelli  , L. Sajo-Bohus  , J. Palfalvi  , G. Espinosa
Published: March 2020

Passive nuclear track methodology (NTM) is applied to study charged particles products of the reaction 7Li+Pb at ~ 31 MeV. It is a contribution to the 8pLP Project (LNL-INFN-Italy) in where we show an alternative approach to register charged particle from reaction fragments by PADC detection. The main advantage is that the passive system integrates data over the whole experiment and has its importance for low rate reaction processes. Reaction products as well as scattered beam particles are determined from track shape analysis. Some limitations are inherent to NTM since a priori knowledge is required to correlate track size distribution given by each type of particle emerging from the target. Results show that the passive technique gives useful information when applied in reaction data interpretation for a relatively large range of particle types.
Behavior of Poly-A onto Kaolin
Authors: María Guadalupe Torres-Duque  , Claudia Camargo-Raya  , Alicia Negrón-Mendoza  , Sergio Ramos-Bernal
Published: March 2020

A combination of geochemical variables is necessary to explain the origin of life on Earth. Thus, in this work the sorption of Poly-A on a clay mineral (kaolinite) was studied to get an insight about the sorption capacity at different times and pH values, as well as to confirm the capabilities of the clay to protect the sorbate from an external source of ionizing radiation. Poly-A presented a high percentage of sorption in the clay, especially in acidic environments, and this percentage sharply decrease in alkaline media. On the other hand, Poly-A’s recovery was higher in the system with clay, confirming its protection role.