bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Egg Cryopreservation for Social Reasons—A Literature Review
Authors: Kynigopoulou Stavroula , Matsas Alkis , Tsarna Ermioni , Christopoulou Smaragdi , Panagopoulos Periklis , Bakas Panagiotis , Christopoulos Panagiotis
Published: December 2024

This paper provides an overview of the social reasons that lead women to consider egg cryopreservation, as well as the attitudes and knowledge of women towards this procedure. Methods: For the creation of this article, a literature review was carried out both in the existing medical literature and in search engines. The key points are as follows: (1) The main reasons women choose to delay childbearing are the lack of a suitable male partner, education and career advancement, and financial instability. Women feel societal and family pressure to have children, even though they may not feel ready. (2) Women’s attitudes towards egg cryopreservation vary. While some are open to the idea, many are opposed to it, especially when it is used for non-medical reasons. There are concerns about the success rates, health risks, and ethical implications of the procedure. (3) The legal and regulatory framework around egg cryopreservation differs across countries. Some countries allow it only for medical reasons, while others have more permissive policies. The issue of who should bear the financial cost of the procedure is also debated. (4) There is a need to better educate women, as well as healthcare providers, about fertility decline and the options available for preserving fertility, including egg cryopreservation.
Trichoderma viride: An Eco-Friendly Biocontrol Solution Against Soil-Borne Pathogens in Vegetables Under Different Soil Conditions
Authors: Iqbal Shomaila , Ashfaq Muhammad , Rao Muhammad Junaid , Khan Khalid Saifullah , Malik Amir Humayun , Mehmood Mirza Abid , Fawaz Muhammad Sarmad , Abbas Aqleem , Shakeel Muhammad Taimoor , Naqvi Syed Atif Hasan , Alrefaei Abdulwahed Fahad , Duan Mingzheng
Published: December 2024

The use of biological methods to control plant diseases has garnered attention due to their eco-friendly and economically viable nature. Trichoderma spp. are the most ubiquitous fungal saprophytes that can often grow as opportunistic symbionts, are eco-friendly, and are not reported to exert any environmental hazard. Soil-borne pathogens can significantly impact the yield of chilli and tomato crops. The study was conducted to explore the impact of various salts (NaCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, and KCl) and their concentrations (1%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) on the mycelial growth and sporulation of Trichoderma viride followed by its mass multiplication on diverse organic substrates like wheat seeds, wheat husks, mungbean seeds, maize seeds, rice seeds, pea seeds, sorghum seeds, banana peel, apple peel, pomegranate peel, citrus peel, tomato waste, chilli waste, spinach waste, cabbage waste, potato peel, onion peel, cucumber peel, carrot peel, used black tea leaves, used green tea leaves, poultry waste, and cow and goat dung. The study assessed the biocontrol potential of Trichoderma viride against important soil-borne pathogens in chilli (Pythium aphanidermatum, Phytophthora capsici, and Fusarium oxysporum) and tomato (Pythium aphanidermatum, Phytophthora infestans, and F. oxysporum) cropping in the pot and field experiments using saline and alkaline soils. Seed treatment with T. viride significantly enhanced the germination rates of both chilli and tomato crops, with sorghum being the most conducive substrate for mass-multiplying T. viride. The results revealed that lower salt concentrations minimally affected T. viride growth, while higher concentrations hampered both growth and sporulation. Optimal disease control and plant height were observed at a 20 mg concentration of T. viride, consequently applied in vivo using various application methods, i.e., seed treatment, root dip, irrigation, and mixed treatments (all the methods like seed treatment, root dip method, and irrigation method applied together) to manage soil-borne pathogens. Particularly, T. viride application through irrigation and mixed treatments demonstrated strong efficacy. These findings underscore the potential of T. viride application in saline and alkaline soils to manage soil-borne pathogens like Pythium, Phytophthora spp., and Fusarium spp. This study lays the foundation for the practical application of biocontrol agents, like T. viride, in Pakistani agricultural conditions. Moreover, there is a need for further exploration into the genetic mechanisms involved in disease inhibition and plant growth promotion, along with understanding the impact of T. viride on the metabolic pathways of host plants.
Fruits Quality and Sensory Analysis
Authors: Sánchez-Bravo Paola , Noguera-Artiaga Luis
Published: December 2024

With the objective of using sensory analysis tools to dually consider the changes in quality that fruit undergoes (functional, nutritional, and sensory) throughout its growth, processing, and shelf life and consumer acceptance, given consumers are increasingly demanding sustainable and higher-quality food, we edited this Special Issue on “Fruits Quality and Sensory Analysis” (URL: https://www [...]
Transcriptome Profiling Implicates Non-Coding RNAs Involved in Flowering and Floral Organ Development in Water Lily
Authors: Zhang Hongbin , Zhao Chengjun , Chen Fei
Published: December 2024

In this study, we performed small RNA and whole-transcriptome sequencing of different tissues of Nymphaea minuta to systematically investigate the roles and regulatory mechanisms of miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA in the regulation of flowering-related target genes. Fifteen samples were sequenced using the Illumina platform, with strict data quality control to ensure the reliability of the analysis. By applying multiple bioinformatics tools, miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA were comprehensively identified, annotated, and functionally analyzed, with a focus on screening non-coding RNAs closely related to the flowering process. The results showed significant differential expression of these miRNAs and lncRNAs across different tissues, which influenced the expression of flowering-related genes through specific regulatory networks. The constructed gene co-expression network further revealed the central roles of these non-coding RNAs in flowering regulation. This study provides new insights into the flowering regulatory mechanisms of N. minuta, highlights the potential of this species for studying aquatic plant flowering mechanisms, and provides an important theoretical basis for gene function research in aquatic plants.
Epicardial Fat Volume Assessed by MRI in Adolescents: Associations with Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Authors: Wacker Julie , Farpour-Lambert Nathalie J. , Viallon Magalie , Didier Dominique , Beghetti Maurice , Maggio Albane B. R.
Published: December 2024

Background: In adults, epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is associated with metabolic syndrome (MS) and coronary artery disease. EAT thickness is increased in obese youth, but total EAT volume and its correlation with cardiovascular risk factors have not been studied. Objectives: To determine EAT volume in adolescents and its association with obesity and cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study including 48 pubertal adolescents (24 obese and 24 lean subjects, aged 13.6 ± 1.5 yr). EAT volume as well as visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue volumes were obtained by magnetic resonance imaging. Anthropometrical parameters; blood pressure (BP); fasting serum triglycerides; total and low- and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) cholesterol; glucose; and insulin levels were measured. Results: Obese adolescents had higher EAT volume compared to lean controls (49.6 ± 18.0 vs. 17.6 ± 6.7 cm3, p < 0.0005). They also had significantly increased visceral abdominal fat volumes, systolic BP, serum triglycerides, and insulin levels, and decreased HDL-C concentration. EAT volume was significantly associated with anthropometrical indices and cardiovascular risk factors: waist circumference, systolic BP, triglycerides, HDL-C levels, and insulin resistance indices. Metabolic syndrome was present in 25% of obese adolescents. EAT volume was significantly higher in obese adolescents with MS compared to those without MS (63.5 ± 21.4 vs. 44.9 ± 14.6 cm3, p = 0.026). Conclusions: EAT volume, which is known to contribute to atherogenesis in adults, is increased in obese adolescents, and is associated with abdominal visceral fat, cardiovascular risk factors, and MS. Excessive EAT early in life may contribute to the development of premature cardiometabolic disease.
Arrhythmia Detection in Atrioventricular, Single-Lead, Floating Atrial Dipole ICD Systems Compared with Conventional Single- and Dual-Chamber Defibrillators
Authors: Gausz Flora Diana , Lena Kom Nangob Manuela , Gedeon Paul Emmanuel , Miklos Marton , Benak Attila , Bencsik Gabor , Makai Attila , Kranyak Dora , Gagyi Rita Beata , Pap Robert , Saghy Laszlo , Szili-Torok Tamas , Vamos Mate
Published: December 2024

Background: An atrioventricular defibrillator system with a floating atrial dipole (VDD ICD) can provide atrial sensing by a single lead. Our aim was to compare the arrhythmia detection efficacy of VDD ICDs with conventional single- (VVI) and dual-chamber (DDD) defibrillators. Methods: Data from consecutive patients undergoing ICD implantation were retrospectively analyzed. The primary endpoint was the incidence of device-detected, new-onset atrial arrhythmias, while secondary endpoints were sensing parameters, complication rates, incidence of appropriate/inappropriate ICD therapy, arrhythmic/heart failure-related hospitalizations, and all-cause mortality. Results: A total of 256 patients (mean age 64 ± 12 years, male 75%, primary prophylaxis 28%, mean follow-up 3.7 ± 2.4 years) were included (VVI: 93, VDD: 94, DDD: 69). Atrial arrhythmia episodes were detected more frequently by VDD systems compared to VVI ICDs (aHR 7.087; 95% CI 2.371–21.183; p < 0.001), and at a rate similar to that of DDD ICDs (aHR 1.781; 95% CI 0.737–4.301; p = 0.200). The rate of inappropriate shocks was not different among the three ICD systems. Conclusion: VDD devices revealed an advantage in atrial arrhythmia detection compared to VVI ICDs and were non-inferior to DDD systems. Their main indication may be closer monitoring in high-risk patients with atrial arrhythmias to help therapy optimization and not the improvement of tachycardia discrimination.
Enhanced Unmanned Surface Vehicle Path Planning Based on the Pair Barracuda Swarm Optimization Algorithm: Implementation and Performance in Thousand Island Lake
Authors: Shi Binghua , Liu Zeyu , He Zhou , Wang Chen , Guo Jia
Published: December 2024

The path planning problem for unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) is related to multiobjective optimization, including shortest path, minimum energy consumption, and obstacle avoidance, making it particularly complex in multi-island and multiobstacle environments such as Thousand Island Lake. An enhanced path planning method for USVs based on the pair barracuda swarm optimization (PBSO) algorithm is proposed, and the complex water environment of Thousand Island Lake is taken as an example. The PBSO algorithm simulates the social behaviour of pair barracuda innovative and deep memory mechanisms, which can enhance the algorithm’s global search ability and local optimal escape ability in high-dimensional space. The probabilistic roadmap (PRM) method was initially used to model complex environments with multiple islands and obstacles. Moreover, four evaluation indicators were proposed to evaluate the performance of the obtained path: total navigation distance (TND), number of returns (NT), average turning angle (ATA), and minimum safe distance (MSD) from obstacles. The PBSO algorithm is used to optimize the initial path to reduce frequent turns and turning amplitudes during navigation. Path planning experiments were conducted on four simulated map environments with different ranges and complexities. Compared with state-of-the-art heuristic path planning methods, our method can identify the optimal path faster and has better stability. The enhanced USV path planning method based on the PBSO algorithm provides a new path planning strategy for the practical application of USVs under the real Thousand Island Lake.
Study of the Combustion Characteristics of a Compression Ignition Engine Fueled with a Biogas–Hydrogen Mixture and Biodiesel
Authors: Rimkus Alfredas , Žaglinskis Justas
Published: December 2024

Increasing the use of renewable energy sources is essential to reduce the use of fossil fuels in internal combustion engines and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. An experimental and numerical simulation study of the combustion process of a compression ignition engine was carried out by replacing fossil diesel with a dual fuel produced from renewable energy sources. In conventional dual-fuel applications, fossil diesel is used to initiate the combustion of natural gas or petroleum gas. In the present study, fossil diesel was replaced with advanced biodiesel – hydrotreated vegetable oil, and natural gas was replaced with biogas. In the experimental study, a gas mixture of 60% natural gas (by volume) and 40% carbon dioxide (by volume) was used to replicate the biogas while maintaining a 40%, 60%, and 80% gas energy share in the fuel. It was observed that using fossil diesel and biogas in the dual-fuel engine significantly slowed down the combustion process, which normally resulted in poorer energy performance. One way to compensate for the lack of energy (due to the presence of carbon dioxide) in the cylinder is to use a gas such as hydrogen, which has a high energy content. To analyze the effect of hydrogen on the dual-fuel combustion process, hydrogen gas was added to the replicated biogas at 10%, 20%, and 30% of the natural gas volume, maintaining the biogas at a (natural gas + hydrogen)-to-carbon dioxide volume ratio of 60%/40% and the expected gas energy share. The combustion process analysis, which was conducted using the AVL BOOST software (Austria), determined the heat release rate, temperature, and cylinder pressure rise in the dual-fuel operation with different renewable fuels and compared the results with those of fossil diesel. It was found that when the engine was operated at medium load and with the flammability of the biogas approaching the limit, the addition of hydrogen significantly improved the combustion characteristics of the dual-fuel engine.
Estimation and Characteristics of Low-Frequency Ambient Sea Noise from Far-Field Ships
Authors: Li Xuegang , Shi Yang , Zhao Cheng , Sun Guocang , Shen Zhiben , Zhou Zihao
Published: December 2024

To study the rapid estimation method and characteristics of low-frequency ambient sea noise generated by far-field ships, firstly, based on the reciprocity principle of sound fields and the fact that the number of noise sources significantly exceeds the number of receiving array elements, the positions of noise sources and receiving array elements were swapped to effectively reduce the sound field estimates and the running time. Secondly, a vertical directionality analysis method for ambient noise generated by ship noise was derived. And lastly, the ambient sea noise generated by ship noise in the Philippine Sea was estimated and analyzed, and the validity of the estimation method was verified based on measured data in the region. The estimation method presented in this paper can be used to predict the level and directionality of ambient noise generated by ship noise in a large area of sea, and acts as technical support for the meaningful use of sonar arrays in the actual marine environment.
Parametric Sensitivity Analysis of Mooring Chains of a Floating Offshore Wind Turbine in Shallow Water
Authors: Chen Jiahao , Wang Chuanfu , Wu Xiaodi , Feng Fan , Li Yan
Published: December 2024

Floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) are severely restricted in numerous sea areas due to challenges from the strong nonlinear characteristics of mooring chains in shallow water (less than 50 m). Therefore, this paper introduces a design method of mooring chains of a FOWT at a water depth of 44 m and carries out a parametric sensitivity analysis on length, nominal diameter, and clump weights of mooring chains. The results of the study found that compared with the mooring chains in deep water, the mooring chains in shallow water show obvious nonlinear characteristics in mooring tension, the lying section of the mooring chain on the seabed, and the mooring chain spatial angle, which brings great risk to the safe operation of FOWTs. The change in the nominal diameter of the mooring chain has a certain impact on the dynamic characteristics of a FOWT, but it is not as significant as that from the change in the length of the mooring chain. In addition, a mooring chain in shallow water is prone to the slack–taut phenomenon; thus, this paper puts forward an optimization investigation using clump weights at the suspension section of the mooring chain, which improved the performance of the mooring chain significantly.
Independent Tri-Spectral Integration for Intelligent Ship Monitoring in Ports: Bridging Optical, Infrared, and Satellite Insights
Authors: Feng Yichen , Yin Hui , Zhang Hao , Wu Langtao , Dong Haihui , Li Jiawen
Published: December 2024

Image-based ship monitoring technology has extensive applications, and is widely used in various aspects of port management, including illegal activity surveillance, vessel identification at entry and exit points, channel and berth management, unmanned vessel control, and incident warning and emergency response. However, most current ship identification technologies rely on a single information source, reducing detection accuracy in the complex and variable marine environment. To address this issue, this paper proposes a knowledge transfer-based ship identification system integrating three modules. The system enables synchronized monitoring of visible light coastal images, satellite cloud images, and infrared spectrum images, thereby mitigating problems such as low detection accuracy and poor adaptability of image recognition. Additionally, extensive supplementary experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the preprocessing and data augmentation modules as well as the transfer learning module. The study also discusses the limitations of current deep learning-based ship monitoring models, particularly their poor adaptability to image recognition and inability to achieve all-weather, round-the-clock monitoring. Experimental results based on three ship monitoring datasets demonstrate that the proposed system, by integrating three distinct detection conditions, outperforms other models with an F1-score of 98.74%, approximately 10% higher than most existing ship detection systems.
The Parameterization of the Sound Speed Profile in the Sea of Japan and Its Perturbation Caused by a Synoptic Eddy
Authors: Sorokin Mikhail , Gudimenko Aleksey , Luchin Vladimir , Tyschenko Andrey , Petrov Pavel
Published: December 2024

This study presents the description of the parameterization of sound speed distribution in the Sea of Japan in the presence of a synoptic eddy. An analytical representation of the background sound speed profile (SSP) on its periphery is proposed. The perturbation of sound speed directly associated with the presence of an eddy is investigated. The proposed parameterization of the background SSP leads to a Sturm–Liouville problem for normal mode computation, which is equivalent to the eigenvalue problem for the Schrödinger equation with the Morse potential. This equivalence leads to simple analytical formulae for normal modes and their respective horizontal wavenumbers. It is shown that in the presence of an eddy causing moderate variations in sound speed, the standard perturbation theory for acoustic modes can be applied to describe the variability in horizontal wavenumbers across the area in which the eddy is localized. The proposed parameterization can be applied to the sound propagation modeling in the Sea of Japan.
Redundant Path Optimization in Smart Ship Software-Defined Networking and Time-Sensitive Networking Networks: An Improved Double-Dueling-Deep-Q-Networks-Based Approach
Authors: Xu Yanli , He Songtao , Zhou Zirui , Xu Jingxin
Published: December 2024

Traditional network architectures in smart ship communication systems struggle to efficiently manage the integration of heterogeneous sensor data. Additionally, conventional end-to-end transmission algorithms that rely on single-metric and single-path selection are inadequate in fulfilling the high reliability and real-time transmission requirements essential for high-priority service data. This inadequacy results in increased latency and packet loss for critical control information. To address these challenges, this study proposes an innovative ship network framework that synergistically integrates Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) technologies. Central to this framework is the introduction of a redundant multipath selection algorithm, which leverages Double Dueling Deep Q-Networks (D3QNs) in conjunction with Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs). Initially, an optimization function encompassing transmission latency, bandwidth utilization, and packet loss rate is formulated within a software-defined time-sensitive network transmission framework tailored for smart ships. The proposed D3QN-GCN-based algorithm effectively identifies optimal working and redundant paths for TSN switches. These dual-path configurations are then disseminated by the SDN controller to the TSN switches, enabling the TSN’s inherent reliability redundancy mechanisms to facilitate the simultaneous transmission of critical service flows across multiple paths. Experimental evaluations demonstrate that the proposed algorithm exhibits robust convergence characteristics and significantly outperforms existing algorithms in terms of reducing network latency and packet loss rates. Furthermore, the algorithm enhances bandwidth utilization and promotes balanced network load distribution. This research offers a novel and effective solution for shipboard switch path selection, thereby advancing the reliability and efficiency of smart ship communication systems.
Deep Learning and Remote Sensing for Restoring Abandoned Agricultural Lands in the Middle Volga (Russia)
Authors: Gafurov Artur , Ivanov Maxim
Published: December 2024

Abandoned agricultural lands in the Middle Volga region of Russia, which appeared because of socio-economic transformations after the collapse of the USSR and the liquidation of collective farms, represent a significant potential for increasing agricultural production and economic development of the region. This study develops a comprehensive approach to assessing the suitability of these lands for return to agricultural turnover using machine learning methods and remote sensing data. Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and a deep neural network based on MAnet architecture with Mix Vision Transformer encoder (MiT-b5), which achieved an accuracy of 93.4% and an IoU coefficient of 0.84, were used for semantic segmentation of modern agricultural land. Land use dynamics since 1985 were analysed using Landsat 4–9 data, revealing significant areas of abandoned arable land. Land suitability was assessed, taking into account natural resource factors such as topography, soils and climatic conditions. The results showed that the total area of land suitable for reclaimed land is 2,014,845 ha, which could lead to an increase in wheat yield by 7.052 million tons. The potential cumulative net profit is estimated at 35.26 billion rubles (about US$352.6 million). The main conclusions indicate the significant economic and social potential of returning abandoned land to agricultural turnover, which requires a comprehensive approach that includes investment in infrastructure and the introduction of modern agro-technologies.
Integration of VIS–NIR Spectroscopy and Multivariate Technique for Soils Discrimination Under Different Land Management
Authors: Shokr Mohamed S. , Mustafa Abdel-rahman A. , Alharbi Talal , Meroño de Larriva Jose Emilio , El-Sorogy Abdelbaset S. , Al-Kahtany Khaled , Abdelsamie Elsayed A.
Published: December 2024

Proximal sensing has become increasingly popular due to developments in soil observation technologies and the demands of timely information gathering through contemporary methods. By utilizing the morphological, physical, and chemical characteristics of representative pedogenetic profiles established in various soils of the Sohag governorate, Egypt, the current research addresses the characterization of surface reflectance spectra and links them with the corresponding soil classification. Three primary areas were identified: recently cultivated, old cultivated, and bare soils. For morphological analysis, a total of 25 soil profiles were chosen and made visible. In the dark room, an ASD Fieldspec portable spectroradiometer (350–2500 nm) was used to measure the spectrum. Based on how similar their surface spectra were, related soils were categorized. Ward’s method served as the basis for the grouping. Despite the fact that the VIS–NIR spectra of the surface soils from various land uses have a similar reflectance shape, it is still possible to compare the soil reflectance curves and the effects of the surface soils. As a result, three groups of soil curves representing various land uses were observed. Cluster analysis was performed on the reflectance data in four ranges (350–750, 751–1150, 1151–1850, and 1851–2500 nm). The groups derived from the soil surface ranges of 350–750 nm and 751–1150 nm were not the same as those derived from the ranges of 1151–1850 nm and 1851–2500 nm. The last two categories are strikingly comparable to various land uses with marginally similar features. Based on the ranges of 1151–1850 nm and 1851–2500 nm in surface spectral data, the dendrogram effectively separated and combined the profiles into two separate clusters. These clusters matched different land uses exactly. The results can be used to promote the widespread usage of in situ hyperspectral data sets for the investigation of various soil characteristics.
Modeling the Urban Low-Altitude Traffic Space Based on the Land Administration Domain Model—Case Studies in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Li Chengpeng , Zhao Zhigang , Chen Yebin , Zhu Wei , Qiu Jiahao , Jiang Siyao , Guo Renzhong
Published: December 2024

The urban low-altitude airspace is an integral part of urban space. As low-altitude utilization activities are being performed closer to the land surface, the management of the low-altitude space has become a focus of land administration. The management of the low-altitude airspace faces challenges such as cross-departmental coordination, fuzzy airspace boundaries, and complex spatial expressions. In 2020, the concept of “3D land administration” was introduced, marking the emergence of three-dimensional geospatial regulation in land management practices. Semantic models featuring the LADM (Land Administration Domain Model) as their core are updated iteratively to promote various applications related to 3D geographic regulation, but there is still a gap in the research on low-altitude utilization. Drawing upon Chinese regulations and policies, this paper employs the LADM framework to achieve semantic descriptions and expressions for managing areas in the low-altitude airspace: (1) relevant policies governing low-altitude spaces in China are analyzed, and the boundary between low-altitude and surface management is discussed; (2) the LADM structure is utilized to establish a comprehensive model for regulating low-altitude spaces; (3) and the capability of the LADM to support 3D low-altitude modeling is demonstrated through practical use cases in Shenzhen, China. Finally, the paper provides a comprehensive overview of the avenues for improvement and prospects.
Response of Carbon and Water Use Efficiency to Climate Change and Human Activities in Central Asia
Authors: Xiong Lin , Wang Jinjie , Ding Jianli , Zhang Zipeng , Qin Shaofeng , Wang Ruimei
Published: December 2024

Carbon use efficiency (CUE) and water use efficiency (WUE) are key metrics for quantifying the coupling between terrestrial ecosystem carbon and water cycles. The impacts of intensifying climate change and human activities on carbon and water fluxes in Central Asian vegetation remain unclear. In this study, the CUE and WUE in Central Asia from 2001 to 2022 were accurately estimated with the help of the Google Earth Engine (GEE) data platform; the Theil–Sen median slope estimation combined with the Manna–Kendall significance test and partial derivative analysis were used to investigate the CUE and WUE trends and their responses to climate change and human activities. CUE and WUE show overall declining trends with significant spatial variability. Among meteorological factors, vapor pressure deficit and temperature show the strongest correlation with CUE, while precipitation and temperature are most correlated with WUE. Compared to human activities, climate change has a greater impact on CUE and WUE, mainly exerting a negative influence. Human activities are the main drivers in regions with developed agriculture, such as oases, farmlands, and areas near rivers and lakes. This study provides scientific references for the optimization of water and soil resources and the integrated regional environmental management in Central Asia.
Salinity Effects on Soil Structure and Hydraulic Properties: Implications for Pedotransfer Functions in Coastal Areas
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Zuo Yutao , Wang Tiejun , Han Qiong
Published: December 2024

Understanding the effects of salinity on soil structure and hydraulic properties is critical for addressing environmental challenges in coastal saline and sodic areas. In this study, soil samples were collected from a coastal region in eastern China to investigate how salinity affected the soil structure and hydraulic properties based on lab experiments. A comprehensive soil dataset was also compiled from the experimental results to develop a salinity-based pedotransfer function (PTF-S) tailored to the coastal environment. The results showed that salinity significantly altered the soil aggregate size distribution and hydraulic properties. Higher salinity promoted the formation of larger aggregates (0.25–2 mm), particularly in silty clay soil. Salinity positively correlated with the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) in sandy loam soil, regardless of the cation type (Na⁺ or Ca2⁺). By comparison, Na+ increased the Ks of silty clay soil up to a certain threshold, while Ca2+ enhanced the Ks regardless of the soil texture. Increased salinity also reduced the soil water retention of sandy loam soil; however, Na+ increased the soil water retention of silty clay soil and Ca2+ had different effects depending on the suction levels. The newly developed PTF-S model, which included the electrical conductivity (EC) and cation exchange capacity (CEC), showed better predictions for the volumetric water content (R = 0.886 and RMSE = 0.057 cm3/cm3) and log Ks (R = 0.991 and RMSE = 0.073 mm/h) than the traditional model that excludes the salinity variables EC and CEC (PTF-N) (R = 0.839 and RMSE = 0.066 cm3/cm3 for the volumetric water content, and R = 0.966 and RMSE = 0.140 mm/h for the log Ks). This study highlights the importance of developing salinity-based PTFs for addressing soil salinization challenges.
Inflammation and Physical Performance in Overweight and Obese Schoolchildren
Authors: Popescu Cristina , Matei Daniela , Amzolini Anca Maria , Trăistaru Magdalena Rodica
Published: December 2024

Obesity represents a critical public health concern, often linked to low-grade chronic inflammation starting in childhood. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a 12-week kinesiotherapy program on physical performance and levels of leptin and C-reactive protein (CRP) in overweight and obese children. Methods: Conducted at the Filantropia Municipal Clinical Hospital, 160 children aged 6 to 15 were randomly assigned to a study group (SG, n = 80) and a control group (CG, n = 80). The SG engaged in a tailored kinesiotherapy program, while the CG maintained their usual activities. All children and their families learned five key principles for preventing and managing obesity. Results: Results indicated significant improvements in the SG, with enhancements in the 6 min walking distance, Timed Up and Go test, and walking cadence (all p-values < 0.001). Notably, leptin and CRP levels (23.02 ± 7.17 to 16.62 ± 7.83, 4.13 ± 1.00 to 3.90 ± 0.95 mg/l, respectively) decreased significantly in the SG, contrasting with no significant changes in the CG. Regression analysis revealed a positive correlation between leptin levels and physical activity in the SG (coefficient: 0.5642, R-squared: 0.266). Conclusions: These findings suggest that targeted exercise programs can effectively enhance physical performance and reduce inflammation markers in overweight children, highlighting the importance of tailored interventions in managing obesity.
Estimation and Simultaneous Confidence Bands for Fixed-Effects Panel Data Partially Linear Models
Authors: Yang Suigen , Yang Xiujuan , Wang Xuefei
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we study the estimation and simultaneous confidence band (SCB) problems for fixed-effects panel data partially linear models. We remove the fixed effects and then obtain estimators for the parametric and nonparametric components, which do not depend on the fixed effects. We establish the asymptotic distribution of the maximum absolute deviation between the estimated nonparametric component and the true nonparametric component under some suitable conditions; hence, this result can be used to construct the simultaneous confidence band for the nonparametric component. Based on the asymptotic distribution, it becomes difficult to construct the simultaneous confidence band. The reason for this is that the asymptotic distribution involves estimators of the asymptotic bias and conditional variance, as well as the choice of bandwidth for estimating the second derivative of the nonparametric function. Clearly, this will result in a computational burden and accumulated errors. To overcome these problems, we propose a bootstrap method to construct the simultaneous confidence band. The Monte Carlo results indicate that the proposed bootstrap method exhibits better performance with limited samples. An empirical application is presented to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.
The Logistic Distribution as a Limit Law for Random Sums and Statistics Constructed from Samples with Random Sizes
Authors: Korolev Victor Yu.
Published: December 2024

In the present paper, based on the representation of the logistic distribution as a normal scale mixture obtained by L. Stefanski in 1990, it is demonstrated that the logistic distribution can be limiting for sums of a random number of random variables and other statistics that admit (at least asymptotically) additive representation and are constructed from samples with random sizes. These results complement a theorem proved by B. V. and D. B. Gnedenko in 1982 that established convergence of the distributions of extreme order statistics in samples with geometrically distributed random sizes to the logistic distribution. Hence, along with the normal law, this distribution can be used as an asymptotic approximation of the distributions of observations that can be assumed to have an additive structure, for example, random-walk-type time series. An approach is presented for the definition of the new asymmetric generalization of the logistic distribution as a special normal variance–mean mixture.
Research on the Integrated Optimization of Timetable and High-Speed Train Routing Considering the Coordination Between Weekdays and Holidays
Authors: Zhang Zhiwen , Guo Fengqian , Deng Wenjia , Chen Junhua
Published: December 2024

In recent years, passenger holiday travel momentum continues to increase, which proposes a challenge to the refined transportation organization of China’s high-speed railway. In order to save the cost of transportation organization, this paper proposes a collaborative optimization method using a high-speed railway train diagram and Electric Multiple Unit (EMU) routing considering the coordination of weekdays and holidays. Based on the characteristics of the train diagram and EMU routing, this method optimizes the EMU routing synchronously when compiling the train diagram. By constructing a space–time–state network, considering the constraints of train headway, operation conflict, and EMU maintenance, a collaborative optimization model of the train diagram and EMU routing considering the coordination of weekdays and holidays is established. This research combines the actual operation data to verify the model and algorithm. Based on five consecutive days of holidays, a seven-day transportation plan covering before and after the holidays and during the holidays is designed, and a case study is carried out. The results show that the proposed collaborative optimization theory has practical significance in the application scenarios of high-speed railway holidays.
Performance Analysis of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS)-Assisted Satellite Communications: Passive Beamforming and Outage Probability
Authors: Jung Minchae , Son Hyukmin
Published: December 2024

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), which consist of numerous passive reflecting elements, have emerged as a prominent technology to enhance energy and spectral efficiency for future wireless networks. RISs have the capability to intelligently reconfigure the incident wave, reflecting it towards the intended target without requiring energy for signal processing. Consequently, they have become a promising solution to support the demand for high-throughput satellite communication (SatCom) and enhanced coverage for areas inaccessible to terrestrial networks. This paper presents an asymptotic analysis of an RIS-assisted SatCom system. In this system, an unmanned aerial vehicle equipped with an RIS operates as a mobile reflector between a satellite and users. In particular, a passive beamformer is designed with the aim of asymptotically attaining optimal performance, considering the limitations imposed by practical SatCom systems. Moreover, the closed-form expressions for the ergodic achievable rate and outage probability are derived considering the proposed passive beamforming technique. Furthermore, we extend the system model to a multicast system and asymptotically analyze the optimality of the proposed scheme, leveraging the derived asymptotic results in the unicast system. The results of the simulations confirm that our analyses can precisely and analytically assess the performance of the RIS-assisted SatCom system, confirming the asymptotic optimality of the proposed scheme.
Hidden-like Attractors in a Class of Discontinuous Dynamical Systems
Authors: Hosham Hany A. , Aljohani Mashael A. , Abou Elela Eman D. , Almuallem Nada A. , Alharthi Thoraya N.
Published: December 2024

In continuous dynamical systems, a hidden attractor occurs when its basin of attraction does not connect with small neighborhoods of equilibria. This research aims to investigate the presence of hidden-like attractors in a class of discontinuous systems that lack equilibria. The nature of non-smoothness in Filippov systems is critical for producing a wide variety of interesting dynamical behaviors and abrupt transient responses to dynamic processes. To show the effects of non-smoothness on dynamic behaviors, we provide a simple discontinuous system made of linear subsystems with no equilibria. The explicit closed-form solutions for each subsystem have been derived, and the generalized Poincaré maps have been established. Our results show that the periodic orbit can be completely established within a sliding region. We then carry out a mathematical investigation of hidden-like attractors that exhibit sliding-mode characteristics, particularly those associated with grazing-sliding behaviors. The proposed system evolves by adding a nonlinear function to one of the vector fields while still preserving the condition that equilibrium points do not exist in the whole system. The results of the linear system are useful for investigating the hidden-like attractors of flow behavior across a sliding surface in a nonlinear system using numerical simulation. The discontinuous behaviors are depicted as motion in a phase space governed by various hidden attractors, such as period doubling, period-m segments, and chaotic behavior, with varying interactions with the sliding mode.
Imposing Star-Shaped Hard Constraints on the Neural Network Output
Authors: Konstantinov Andrei , Utkin Lev , Muliukha Vladimir
Published: December 2024

A problem of imposing hard constraints on the neural network output can be met in many applications. We propose a new method for solving this problem for non-convex constraints that are star-shaped. A region produced by constraints is called star-shaped when there exists an origin in the region from which every point is visible. Two tasks are considered: to generate points inside the region and on the region boundary. The key idea behind the method is to generate a shift of the origin towards a ray parameterized by the additional layer of the neural network. The largest admissible shift is determined by the differentiable Ray marching algorithm. This allows us to generate points which are guaranteed to satisfy the constraints. A more accurate modification of the algorithm is also studied. The proposed method can be regarded as a generalization of the methods for convex constraints. Numerical experiments illustrate the method by solving machine-learning problems. The code implementing the method is publicly available.
On Lusztig’s Character Formula for Chevalley Groups of Type Al
Authors: Ibraev Sherali S. , Kainbaeva Larissa , Yensebayeva Gulzat M. , Ibrayeva Anar A. , Parmenova Manat Z. , Yeshmurat Gulnur K.
Published: December 2024

For a Chevalley group G over an algebraically closed field K of characteristic p>0 with the irreducible root system R, Lusztig’s character formula expresses the formal character of a simple G-module by the formal characters of the Weyl modules and the values of the Kazhdan–Lusztig polynomials at 1. It is known that, for a sufficiently large characteristic p of the field K, Lusztig’s character formula holds. The known lower bound of the characteristic p is much larger than the Coxeter number h of the root system R. Observations show that for simple modules with restricted highest weights of small Chevalley groups such as those of types A1,A2, A3,B2, B3, and C3, Lusztig’s character formula holds for all p≥h. For large Chevalley groups, no other examples are known. In this paper, for G of type Al, we give some series of simple modules for which Lusztig’s character formula holds for all p≥h. Using this result, we compute the cohomology of G with coefficients in these simple modules. To prove the results, Jantzen’s filtration properties for Weyl modules and the properties of Kazhdan–Lusztig polynomials are used.
Self-Dual and LCD Codes from Kneser Graphs K(n, 2) and Generalized Quadrangles
Authors: Crnković Dean , Grbac Ana
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we study self-dual and LCD codes constructed from Kneser graphs K(n, 2) and collinearity graphs of generalized quadrangles using the so-called pure and bordered construction. We determine conditions under which these codes are self-dual or LCD. Further, for the codes over Z2k, we give the conditions under which they are Type II. Moreover, we study binary and ternary self-dual and LCD codes from Kneser graphs K(n, 2) and collinearity graphs of generalized quadrangles. Furthermore, from the support designs for certain weights of some of the codes, we construct strongly regular graphs and 3-designs.
Degree Distribution of Evolving Network with Node Preference Deletion
Authors: Xiao Yue , Zhang Xiaojun
Published: December 2024

Discussing evolutionary network models and corresponding degree distributions under different mechanisms is applied basic research in network science. This study proposes a new evolutionary network model, which integrates node preference deletion and edge reconnection mechanisms and is also an extension of the existing evolutionary network model. In order to analyze the key statistical property of the model, the steady-state distribution, we propose a Markov chain method based on the enhanced stochastic process rule (ESPR). The ESPR method makes the evolving network’s topological structure and statistical properties consistent with those observed in the natural evolution process, ensures the theoretical results of the degree distribution of the evolving network model, and overcomes the limitations of using empirical methods for approximate analysis. Finally, we verify the accuracy of the steady-state distribution and tail feature estimation of the model through Monte Carlo simulation. This work has laid a solid theoretical foundation for the future development of evolutionary network models and the study of more complex network statistical properties.
The Dynamical Behaviors of a Fractional-Order Malware Propagation Model in Information Networks
Authors: Shi Xueying , Luo An , Chen Xiaoping , Huang Ying , Huang Chengdai , Yin Xin
Published: December 2024

With the swift progress in communication and IT, information networks are increasingly integrated into our work and everyday life. This paper is dedicated to the study of the information network dynamics for a newly proposed fractional-order malware propagation model. Guided by the matrix theory of eigenvalues, the local stability criteria for the model described above are investigated. In addition, Hopf bifurcation is under examination with time delay serving as the bifurcation parameter. Numerical simulations are used to validate the accuracy of theoretical outcomes.
An Effective Hybrid Metaheuristic Approach Based on the Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Roeva Olympia , Zoteva Dafina , Roeva Gergana , Ignatova Maya , Lyubenova Velislava
Published: December 2024

This paper presents an effective hybrid metaheuristic algorithm combining the genetic algorithm (GA) and a simple algorithm based on evolutionary computation. The evolutionary approach (EA) is applied to form the initial population of the GA, thus improving the algorithm’s performance, especially its convergence speed. To assess its effectiveness, the proposed hybrid algorithm, the EAGA, is evaluated on selected benchmark functions, as well as on a real optimisation process. The EAGA is used to identify parameters in a nonlinear system of differential equations modelling an E. coli fed-batch fermentation process. The obtained results are compared against published results from hybrid metaheuristic algorithms applied to the selected optimisation problems. The EAGA hybrid outperforms the competing algorithms due to its effective initial population generation strategy. The risk of premature convergence is reduced. Better numerical outcomes are achieved. The investigations validate the potential of the proposed hybrid metaheuristic EAGA for solving real complex nonlinear optimisation tasks.