bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing a generic model of program accreditation in Iran
Authors: Jokar Fariba , Yamani Nikoo , Avizhgan Maryam , Changiz Tahere
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION:

Higher education plays an important role in the development of countries in social, economic, cultural, and scientific aspects. Also, the field of healthcare is changing rapidly, and to provide better care, health professional students need to be trained at a higher level. This situation has placed demands on academic and clinical settings responsible for training professional health students. The main objectives of this research project can be defined as 1 —to investigate important issues of accreditation and assessment process of health professional education worldwide and 2—to design and develop a uniform, transparent, and scientific accreditation framework for health professional programs in Iran.

METHODS AND MATERIAL:

The research methodology for the design of a generic accreditation framework in health professional education is outlined by the following step-by-step (1 to 7) procedure according to the developmental research methodology and three phases considering analysis, development, and evaluation.

RESULTS:

The findings of the analysis phase showed that there is no specific structure and process for accreditation in Iran compared to other countries. The three most common actions of the accreditation include the following: 1. self- assessment, 2. peer-review and site visits, and 3. evaluation and reports. A review of the relevant literature and websites indicate that various assessment frameworks have been developed regionally, as well as internationally, to accredit professional health programs. However, most of these frames seem to be non-uniform, too complex, and non-transparent. In addition to these results, three themes were extracted from the interview analysis, “accreditation barrier,” “theoretical foundation of accreditation,” and “specific structure and process of accreditation” which indicates the need for education at various levels of educational managers and faculty members. Therefore, these issues were taken into consideration in the design of the accreditation framework of health professional educational programs. After two stages of evaluation from the point of view of specialists and experts of the educational secretariats of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, the final version of the program's accreditation framework and policy will be finalized.

CONCLUSION:

In Iran, despite the challenges and valuable activities in different educational secretariats, there was no coherent process that can be considered accreditation. In this study, self-study evaluation guide, external evaluation, standard development, and ethical guide for the programs accreditation were developed. The results of this study can help the educational secretariats of the Health and Medical Education Ministry that is based on the documents developed and operationalize their accreditation process and structure.
Comparison of health care professionals' and laypeople's knowledge, attitudes, and practices on the use of antimicrobial and antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Turankar Tileshkumar B. , Gaidhane Shilpa A. , Gaidhane Abhay M. , Sorte Akshayata G. , Sawale Shantanu R.
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

The discovery of antimicrobials is a pioneering step in health sciences concerning preventive care and early management for infectious diseases. However, with advancements in health sciences, inappropriate knowledge, practices, and over-the-counter medications were often used by the general population in underdeveloped nations like India without thinking about its consequences which leads to the use of antimicrobials excessively or inadequately, which is also a factor for antimicrobial resistance. This quantitative study determines the awareness of healthcare professionals and laypersons about usage and resistance of antimicrobials.

METHODS AND MATERIALS:

Research was carried out in rural tertiary teaching hospital of study participants were 106 nurses, 115 interns, 107 junior residents, and 97 laypersons using a “self-administered WHO questionnaire”. SPSS version 27.0 software was used to analyze the data. The P value cut-off for significance was established at <.05.

RESULTS:

Forty seven percent of nurses and 44% of interns consumed antimicrobials in the last month, more than interns and junior residents. Fourteen percent of interns and 13% of laypersons did not get any prescription for lastly taken antimicrobial. The majority of participants obtain prescribed antimicrobials from medical stores and pharmacies. Fifty five percent of laypersons and 59% of nurses stop taking antimicrobials when they feel better. Only 13% of nurses were aware of the proper indications of antimicrobials for the same illness. Only 22% of respondents know the term superbugs, significantly less than the other key terms related to the antimicrobials. Nurses and laypersons had some misconceptions related to the mechanism of development of antimicrobial resistance.

CONCLUSIONS:

The analysis revealed that a significant lack of knowledge and various misconceptions were primarily seen in the nurses and laypersons. In contrast, medical graduates such as interns and junior residents lacked the right attitude and perspective regarding the use of antimicrobials and their resistance.
Students' happiness and ranking of its dimensions in Mazandaran University of Science and Technology during the COVID-19 crisis
Authors: Ghasemi Godarzi Maryam , Aghamirzaee Tahereh , Aqatabar Roudbar Jamileh , Ebrahimpour Soheil
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Happiness and life satisfaction are positive indicators of mental health that should be considered by higher education and health officials. The aim of this study was to investigate the status of happiness and life satisfaction in students of Mazandaran University of Science and Technology during the outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This research is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive survey in terms of nature. The statistical population of this research was 2500 people. A total of 333 samples were selected by stratified random sampling. Data collection was performed using the standard Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and data analysis was performed by Friedman test, mean, and ranking.

RESULTS:

All dimensions of happiness of students of Mazandaran University of Science and Technology at the time of the outbreak of COVID-19 were in a relatively favorable situation. The dimensions of happiness were positive mood (3.57), positive energy (3.56), satisfaction (3.02), self-esteem (2.80), and life satisfaction (2.04). There was a significant difference between the dimensions of happiness and the variables of family income status (students with better financial status had a higher average), field of study (civil engineering students had a higher average), and gender (women had a higher average). No significant difference was found among the variables of marriage, educational level, semester, or rank in terms of several family children, with the dimensions of happiness.

CONCLUSION:

Examining the dimensions of students' happiness during the COVID-19 crisis will help the officials of the higher education system, in addition to planning to maintain the personal health and safety of students and curriculum appropriate to the time of crisis, and implement appropriate programs to maintain and promote the mental health and happiness of students.
Accidents and injuries related to paragliding on mount Babadağ, Turkey
Authors: Karakoyun Ömer Faruk , Golcuk Yalcin
Published: October 2023

OBJECTIVES:

In light of the growing popularity of paragliding, this cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of paragliding accidents, providing insights into the types and severity of injuries sustained as well as the body regions most commonly affected.

METHODS:

This cross-sectional retrospective study utilized data on adverse paragliding events on Mount Babadağ in Turkey, collected by the Muğla Sports Tourism Board (STB) between January 2020 and December 2021, with data sources including out-of-hospital STB forms and in-hospital electronic health records.

RESULTS:

Out of 241,420 paragliding flights, a total of 44 accidents were identified, with only three resulting in fatalities. Most of the accidents occurred during take off and landing, but the deadliest phase was during flight. The majority of accidents were of low severity, with a median National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics score of 1 (interquartile range [IQR] 1–3) and a median injury severity score of 1 (IQR 1–7.75). The lower limb was the most commonly injured body part, accounting for 55.8% of injuries, followed by the upper limb at 30.8%.

CONCLUSIONS:

Despite being considered an extreme sport, paragliding carries a relatively low risk of accidents and serious injuries, owing to advancements in training, equipment inspection, and protective gear.
Discrete quantum structures I: Quantum predicate logic
Authors: Kornell Andre
Published: October 2023

A discrete quantum structure is a discrete quantum space that is equipped with relations and
functions of various finite arities. Discrete quantum spaces are identified with
hereditarily atomic von Neumann algebras, their relations with projection operators, and
their functions with unital normal

*

-homomorphisms. The propositional quantum logic of
Birkhoff and von Neumann has been extended to a predicate quantum logic by Weaver; we
investigate this predicate quantum logic as the internal logic of discrete quantum
structures. We extend this predicate quantum logic to include function symbols and an
equality symbol. Overall, we recover the basic structures of discrete quantum mathematics
from physical first principles. More complicated structures will be recovered similarly in
part II of this paper.
Driving Cycle-Based Energy Management Strategy Development for
Range-Extended Electric Vehicles
Authors: Ozdemir Abdulehad , Koç Ilker Murat , Sümer Bilsay , Kural Ayhan , Arpaci Alaeddin
Published: October 2023

Environmental concerns and technological progress push the development and market
penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). On
the other hand, transportation systems are becoming more efficient by improved
communication systems within vehicles and between vehicles and infrastructure.
In this study, a driving cycle-based energy management strategy is developed for
range-extended electric vehicles (REEVs) to increase system efficiency and
equivalent vehicle range. A validated vehicle model is developed by critical
subsystem testing and a comparative study is conducted to assess the developed
strategy. The results showed that the optimized strategy can save CO2
emission by 6.21%, 1.77%, and 0.58% for heavy, moderate, and light traffic,
respectively. Furthermore, the efficient use of a range extender (REx), guided
by traffic data, extends the vehicle range, especially in heavy traffic
conditions.
The Potential and Conditions of the Development of Virtual Reality in Education at the Higher Education Level
Authors: Sobocińska Magdalena , Kopeć Katarzyna
Published: October 2023

The paper explores the potential and determinants for the virtual reality usage in education at the higher education level. The article starts with the analysis of the evolving university’s role. In this context, generational changes determining the VR usage in tertiary education are also discussed. Then the features of virtual reality and related terms are explained to make a basis for discussing VR as a learning aid of the 21st century. The paper closes with the case study analysis of immersive VR usage in higher education and further research recommendations.
Pengaruh Citra dan Biaya Pendidikan Terhadap Keputusan Memilih Kuliah (Studi Kasus :Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana Semester I )
Authors: Dwi Aprillita
Published: October 2023

Proses mencapai pendidikan yang setinggi tingginya merupakan usaha dan upaya seseorang dalam meningkatkan kualitas diri untuk memperbaiki taraf hidup dan masa depannya. Kemampuan seseorang untuk mencapai tujuan akhir sebagai cita-citanya perlu mendapat dukungan, salah satunya adalah melalui Perguruan Tinggi. Kontribusi Perguruan Tinggi sangat besar dalam upaya meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia di suatu Negara. Perguruan Tinggi sebagai penghasil produk jasa Pendidikan akan dicari dan dibeli oleh masyarakat sebagai konsumen, karena konsumen percaya bahwa dengan memasuki Perguruan Tinggi mereka akan memiliki pribadi yang tangguh dan matang dalam berpikir dan bertindak. Suatu Perguruan Tinggi akan menjadi sangat penting apabila Perguruan Tinggi memiliki citra yang baik berdasarkan hasil penilaian publik (masyarakat/konsumen) sebagai salah satu faktor pendukung konsumen akan memilihnya. Faktor lain yang tidak kalah penting adalah biaya perkuliahan (Pendidikan) yang dianggap mahasiswa sebanding dengan yang akan didapatnya berupa fasilitas kenyamanan. Mahasiswa sebagai konsumen akan mencari dan memilih Perguruan Tinggi atau Universitas yang memberikan benefit bagi dirinya. Keputusan mahasiswa memilih UKRIDA untuk mencari ilmu karena mereka melihat dan menyakini faktor-faktor pendukung tersebut menjadi suatu benefit bagi mereka. Berdasarkan hasil pra survei, citra dan biaya Pendidikan menjadi pertimbangan peserta didik melakukan tindakan mengambil keputusan memilih UKRIDA setelah melewati tahap-tahap perilaku konsumen. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metodologi kuantitatif dengan melakukan penyebaran kuesioner secara daring melalui google form. Data yang didapat diolah dengan menggunakan program aplikasi smartPLS 4 untuk mendapatkan uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, dan uji hipotesis. Hasil yang didapat citra berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan, sedangkan biaya berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap keputusan responden memilih UKRIDA untuk melanjutkan pendidikan responden.
A Numerical Study on Cross Flow Heat Exchanger with Different Reynolds (Re) Numbers
Authors: CANBOLAT Gökhan
Published: October 2023

Heat exchangers are highly popular in engineering and industrial applications. Numerical studies on heat exchangers to investigate the performance of heat transfer have been carried out widely by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in recent years. In this study, a circular pipe with hot water in cross flow is investigated in different Reynolds (Re) numbers. Flow is turbulent flow and the Re number varies from 3165 to 4643 in the circular pipe. The air is at a temperature of 303 K and the water is at 333 K. Variation of flow characteristics and thermal performance is observed according to an increase in Re numbers such as Wall Shear Stress (WSS), Skin Friction Coefficient (Cf), Nusselt Number (Nu), heat transfer coefficient (h) and surface temperature of the circular pipe. Results show that there are no significant changes for the WSS and Cf values in the specified range of the Re number. However, when the thermal performance is evaluated, the temperature of the surface of the circular pipe, heat transfer coefficient, and Nu number values are increased by an increase in the Re number. Here, the increase is approximately 2% for the specified range of Re number, and it is shown that it can be increased by the flow conditions. The maximum Nu number is 4482.37 at the Re number of 4643. As a result, the Re number is highly effective in controlling the heat transfer performance of a heat exchanger
Exploring the safety of at home powdered formula preparation
Authors: Jones Sara , Ellis Rebecca , Dvorak Susan , Dolling Abbie , McNamara Tara , Bradford Daisy , Brown Amy , Sibson Vicky , Yhnell Emma , Breward Sharon , Buchanan Phyll , Grant Aimee
Published: October 2023

Infant formula is a breastmilk substitute fed to babies when mums are unable or do not want to breastfeed. In the UK, almost three quarters of babies will have consumed infant formula by six weeks of age, and almost all will have by six months (McAndrew et al., 2012). Formula fed babies are at greater risk of gastrointestinal infections than breastfed babies because breastfeeding is protective against infections as it helps babies’ immune systems develop, and because bottles of formula are at risk of bacterial contamination. Bacterial contamination is thought to occur in two ways; first, powdered infant formula (PIF) is not sterile and can contain harmful bacteria, including Salmonella and Cronobacter if not prepared properly (Crawley, Westland & Sibson, 2022), and second, bottles and teats are vulnerable to contamination during preparation (Redmond et al., 2009; Cho et al., 2019). It is estimated that in the UK over 3,000 babies end up in hospital each year, and a further 10,000 are reviewed by GPs, due to gastrointestinal infections which may be attributed to formula feeding (Renfrew et al., 2012). NHS (2019) guidance states that PIF must be mixed with water at a temperature of 70o Celsius (oC) or greater, to kill any bacteria which may be present in the PIF. The use of boiled water from a kettle cooled to at least 70oC is recommended, which is then mixed with the PIF before allowing it to cool further before feeding. This should be repeated every time a bottle is needed to ensure the formula is safe. Bacteria can survive and multiply in formula, even if it is stored in a fridge. NHS guidance also contains steps to minimise contamination of baby feeding equipment, including washing hands, disinfecting preparation surfaces, and washing and sterilising all baby feeding equipment. However, research shows many parents do not carry out all these steps, and a third of parents do not feel confident about preparing PIF (Brown, Jones and Evans, 2020). Furthermore, there has been an increase in UK parents using formula preparation machines and their efficacy has not yet been sufficiently investigated.
PENGARUH PERSEPSI KEBERMANFAATAN DAN PERSEPSI KEMUDAHAN TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN E-FILING DENGAN SOSIALISASI PERPAJAKAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI PADA WAJIB PAJAK GURU DAN KARYAWAN TK-SD-SMP-SMK STRADA BUDI LUHUR
Authors: Indaryanti Skolastika Alva Adventia , Sandra Amelia
Published: October 2023

The study was done to see if external and internal factors influenced the use of e-lizards in reporting as well.The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was a theory developed by Fred Davis in 1989 examined how the relationship between human perception as an internal factor and the use of information systems in everyday activities. Attribution Theory to explain between external factors and the use of e-components in reporting. Both theories are used n this research. The study carried out with private tax payers of Preschool-Elementary-Junior High-Vocational High School employees in Strada Budi Luhur. In this study the entire population will be used as a sample, due to a small population. The data analysis techniques used were validity and reliability tests, descriptive statistic tests, and classic assumption tests. Hypothetical verification using regression analysis tests, tests f, t, and coefficiencies. Based on research, it should be concluded that perceived usefulness have proven to have a positive effect on the use of e-Filing and tax socialization have strengthened the positive impact of perceived ease of use on e-Filing usage. On the other hand, perceived ease of use proved to have no positive effect on the use of e-Filing and tax socialization did not prove to strengthen the positive effects of a perceied usefulness on the use of e-taxation.
THE PRACTICE OF CARING FOR THE ELDERLY POPULATION AND PEOPLE WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES
Authors: Olkhovskaya Yuliya A.
Published: October 2023

The purpose of the review is to analyze the practices of caring for the elderly population and people with cognitive impairments in the focus of the XXI century among the peoples of different countries.

Materials and methods. Using the method of scientometric analysis, 20 articles from WoS and Scopus on historical anthropology, demography, and social security were studied. The information is synthesized and taken in accordance with the purpose of the study.

Results. Learning the transformation in the practices of caring for the elderly population and people with cognitive impairments is a relevant interdisciplinary direction in anthropology. The relevance of the topic is emphasized by current demographic changes, the evolution of cultural values and modernization of care systems for the older generation. The data obtained show the evolution of society in relation to the elderly population with possible mental disorders. The selected models of care contribute to understanding the trends in the development of the society. For Europe, significant partners as a source of care in old age and the existence of “Money for care” and “Kind care” schemes, organized individual and family consultations by phone or ad hoc. In Canadian society, according to existing government programs, the emphasis in palliative care is placed on long-term care homes. Assistance in Africa is becoming a collective responsibility of family members, with frequent use of biomedical and non-medical methods of treatment. The countries of Latin America and the Caribbean are characterized by a fragmented system of facilitation and assistance to older people.

Conclusions. The author notes social isolation of the older generation and the state unpredictability of using the knowledge resource as intellectual capital in the economy. At the same time, there is a timely response of the UN to the ongoing demographic processes and promotion of the WHO program to create the concept of a “city favorable for older people”. Properly organized guardianship will help the elderly to maintain self-esteem. The demographic and economic processes taking place in the historical moment are changing the attitude of society to this problem.

The author expects that a positive orientation of caring for the elderly population and people with cognitive impairments observed in the XXI century will not change its course.

The information provided in this article is useful for specialists working in the field of history, sociology, healthcare, guardianship, etc., as well as in the framework of improving information support in the specialty 5.6.4. Ethnology, anthropology and ethnography.
IMAGES OF THE FIRST PRIMAL FOREFATHERS OF THE HUNNO-BULGARS AND THEIR ETHNOGENETIC TRADITIONS
Authors: Rodionov Vitaliy G.
Published: October 2023

The purpose of the study is to trace the evolutionary path of the images of the primal forefathers of the Hunno-Bulgars and their descendants.

Materials and methods. Ethnographic data from ancient and later sources were used, an ethnolinguistic and comparative approach to the study was applied. The etymological works of modern linguists-Turkologists are considered.

Results. In this article, the word “primal forefather” refers to the “natural-ancestral divine essence” of Eastern (primarily Chinese) antiquity. The most ancient images of the Hunno-Bulgars’ primal forefathers were formed in the pre-Altai era. They reflected the surrounding world of ancient hunters, primarily the world of wild animals. People concluded an agreement on mutual donation with the ancestral primal forefather *taŋgïrï (“oath”, “deity”). In the era of contacts with the ancestors of the Chinese, the Huns (Xiongnu) began to represent their primal forefather as a celestial inhabitant, setting the world in motion by shifting the masculine and feminine principles. In different epochs of interrelations with the tribes of Eastern Iranians, the culture of the ancestors of the Bulgaro-Chuvash experienced the beneficial effect of their “animal style”. In the early Middle Ages, various narrative texts about the primal forefathers-giants and epic heroes-bogatyrs began to appear in their folk art. The ethnogenetic legends of the Chuvash eventually transformed into legends about the origin of their settlements.

Conclusions. A comparative analysis of the images of the primal forefathers of the ancient ancestors of the Hunno-Bulgars and their descendants showed that these images were constantly evolving, gaining new features. At first they appeared to people in the guise of a sacred animal; a little later, instead of the leading animal, the primal forefather-hunter appears who finds new lands; then the Bulgarian plot of the ethnogenetic legend gradually turns into a narrative about an extraordinary giant hero, surprising with his physique and strength. The Turkic–speaking peoples of the Volga region and the Urals called such a hero Ulap/Alp, and the meadow Mari and the Udmurts – Onar and Alangasar.
EVOLVEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF SAMBO IN THE VOLUNTARY SPORTS SOCIETY “UROZHAI” OF THE CHUVASH ASSR (1970s)
Authors: Urmaev Aleksandr N. , Danilov Andrey A.
Published: October 2023

According to archival sources, in the 1960s, following integration at the All-Russian level of the VSC “Kolkhoznik” and the VSC “Urozhai” in the Chuvash ASSR, these sports societies were also reorganized. At this, it should be noted that among the most popular and highly-demanded sports among the rural youth were various types of wrestling, among which a special place was occupied by sambo wrestling, which embodied all the best of the national types of wrestling of the peoples of the USSR. Taking into account the tasks to be solved facing the newly created VSC, sambo optimally approached their implementation due to its pronounced applied nature. However, as evidenced by the retrospective analysis of archival data, issues about the evolvement and development of domestic wresting among workers of the republican agrarian sector remain unexplored in the regional historiography, which determines the relevance of the research undertaken.

The purpose of the study is to identify the stages of evolvement and development of sambo in the republican VSC “Urozhai”.

Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the historical aspects in sambo evolvement and development in the sports society of agricultural workers was carried out on the basis of data from republican archives, information from regional periodicals, as well as publications of scientific and methodological literature. The main research methods were analysis and generalization of data from archival sources, publications in periodicals, information from scientific and methodological literature and Internet sources. For the first time, some historical aspects of sambo evolvement and development stages in the republican VSC “Urozhai” are investigated, and their boundaries are theoretically outlined.

Study results. A brief historical overview covering evolvement and development of sambo in the VSC “Urozhai” of the Chuvash ASSR during the 1970s is presented. Some statistical data are given that give an idea of the dynamics of sambo development in the VSC “Urozhai”. The practical significance of the research lies in the fact that the results obtained eliminate gaps in the regional history of sports and can be used for preparing various textbooks of a sports and historical nature and in training specialists in physical education in regional vocational education institutions of various levels. The prospects of the research are that the results obtained can be used in generalization and systematization of information on evolvement and development of sports cultivated in the Chuvash Republic.

Conclusions. On the basis of a retrospective analysis of research materials and statistical data on the dynamics showing the increase in the number of trainees in sambo sections in the republican VSC “Urozhai”, the stages of its evolvement and development are theoretically substantiated and differentiated.
«REGULATION ON FOREST PRESERVATION» AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN KAZAN GOVERNORATE IN THE LATE XIX – EARLY XX CENTURY
Authors: Filonov Aleksander A.
Published: October 2023

At the end of the XIX – the beginning of the XX century the development of forestry in Russia, including Kazan governorate, was to a certain extent determined by the state policy in this area and forest legislation then in force.

The purpose of the study is to characterize the content of the “Regulations on Forest Preservation” dated 1888 and to analyze its implementation in the territory of Kazan governorate.

Materials and methods. The work carried out is mainly based on the analysis of previously unknown archival documents extracted from the fund of Kazan Governorate Forest Protection Committee of the State Archive of the Republic of Tatarstan and the fund of the Forest Department of the Russian State Historical Archive. Materials from published sources and scientific literature on forestry issues were also used. The research is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity and consistency.

Study results. The “Regulation” paid the main attention to proper management of the economy in protective and water-conserving forests. They were subject to mandatory saving from exhaustion and extermination. At the beginning of the XX century there were more than 200 such protective forest estates in Kazan governorate. Direct control over the forest resources conservation in the governorate was conducted by Kazan Forest Protection Committee, which was assisted by the ranks of the state forest administration, forest guards, police and other institutions. The number of forest estates subject to the forest protection law in Kazan province increased significantly over time. This was accompanied by the establishment of state control, primarily over the forests of private individuals and peasant rural societies, clear regulation of the volume and order of forest use, reforestation and other fundamental aspects of forestry. Gradually, the effect of the “Regulation” spread to almost the entire forest area of the governorate, regardless of the category of forest owners.

Conclusions. In general, implementation of the “Regulation on Forest Preservation” had, undoubtedly, a positive impact on the condition and development of forest protection legislation and Russia’s forest industry, including Kazan governorate of the period under review.
MATERIALS OF FIELD RESEARCH ON FAMILY AND MARRIAGE RELATIONS OF THE MEADOW AND MOUNTAIN MARI
Authors: Vaskanova Nadezhda A. , Ivanov Ananii G.
Published: October 2023

Comprehensive studying the topic of family and marriage is one of the relevant and important trends in ethnology. Some aspects of the family and marriage problems of the Mari people have not yet been fully investigated and require further scientific development.

The purpose of the study is to analyze family and marriage relations among the meadow and the mountain Mari in the 1950s and 1970s on the basis of field materials collected by the authors during ethnographic expeditions in Gornomariysky, Zvenigovsky and Morkinsky districts of the Republic of Mari El in 2018, 2019, 2021 and 2022.

Materials and methods. The research is based on diary and audio recordings, field materials and material sources collected as a result of expedition surveys of Mari villages, as well as archival materials stored in the fund of the National Museum of the Republic of Mari El named after T. Evseev. During the study of the stated topic, the authors used the methods of survey, observation, questioning, interviews, as well as methods of analyzing the obtained field information, the historical-comparative, historical-typological and quantitative methods.

Study results. The article presents the results of the analyzing the development of family and marriage relations among the mountain Mari and the Volga group (Sharpan-Nashmakan) meadow Mari in the 1950s–1970s on the basis of field expedition materials. Collecting, processing of ethnographic information and their systematization made it possible for the authors to identify some local features of mountain-Mari weddings, to determine the seasonality of meadow-Mari weddings, the specific ratio of primary marriages and re-marriages, to study the marriage district, to characterize mixed interethnic families and to determine the average marriage age at the time under consideration.

Conclusions. The obtained data on the marriage age, the seasonality of marriages, the marriage district, the proportion of mono-ethnic and interethnic families have a valuable scientific significance for determining the features of the development and evolution of family-marriage relations among different ethno-territorial groups of the Mari people. The study showed that the most archaic ceremonial elements associated with the organization of matchmaking, conditional preparation of dowry and its redemption, holding a wedding in two days in compliance with certain folk customs, maintained their stable existence among the meadow and mountain Mari in the 1950s and 1970s.
THE MYTHOLOGICAL IMAGE OF THE LADYBUG AMONG THE PEOPLES OF THE URAL-VOLGA REGION
Authors: Ilikaev Alexander S.
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the mythological image of a ladybug among the Slavic, Finno-Ugric and Turkic ethnic groups of the Ural-Volga region.

The purpose of the study is to reveal some of the origins of this mythologeme among the peoples of the region.

Materials and methods. The work mainly used the comparative historical method, as well as field studies. The materials drawn from the scientific literature on this subject, the author’s field studies, were supplemented with the materials of explanatory and etymological dictionaries, compared and analyzed.

Results. As a result of the research, the author revealed the following picture. The basis of the ladybug’s mythological image is likely to be made by animistic-totemic beliefs. So one of the Chuvash names of the insect deserves attention – “bird of the top”. Perhaps in the past, the ladybug could act as a totem-the progenitor of individual family lines. Among Russians, Udmurts, Mari, Bashkirs, the ancient image is concretized through the concept of “god” or the name of a certain deity (Marena, Inmar, Kilchin, Invu-mums, Kuaz, Humo).

Conclusions. It is worth agreeing with the researchers of the topic that among the Russians the ladybug is equated, as a rule, with the concept of a heavenly god, among the Mordvins and the Udmurts – with rain, water, among the Chuvash, the Tatars and the Bashkirs – with rainless weather and the sun. The latter may be due to the fact that in ancient Turkic mythology, the idea of the “primordial nature of heaven and earth” played an important role. On the contrary, the cosmogonic myths of the Finno-Ugric peoples anyhow include an element of the water primordiate. The Russian and Udmurt materials, as the researchers note, go back to the mythologeme of heavenly flocks. Some Udmurt and Mari materials are probably calques from the Russian language or motifs associated with a Proto-Indo-European source. At the same time, as the author of the article believes, in Mari mythology, the connection of the ladybug with wet young grass, forest, with water primordial, bottom (the earth, as opposed to the heaven), the creation of the world from an egg and a “heavenly wedding” is traced. The association of the ladybug with rainless weather can be traced mainly among the mountain Mari. The originality of the image of the “Mari” ladybug, as the author sees it, can be explained by the fusion of both Turkic and Finno-Ugric traditions. The author also believes that the ideas of the Udmurts and the Mari people about the “Inmar/Kylchina/Kuazya/Yumo cow” could have arisen independently on the basis of an already existing idea of bulls (cows) or horses of the heavenly god. In this regard, it is necessary to pay attention to another, perhaps Central Asian, source of legends about the animal-the messenger of God. This refers to the legend of the “eaten book”, common among the Russians, the Mari, the Udmurts, the Chuvash and the Tatars.
CIVIL AND REGIONAL IDENTITY OF CHUVASHIA STUDENTS: ETHNIC ASPECTS
Authors: Boyko Ivan I. , Karpov Aleksey V. , Muravyeva Irina V. , Tkachenko Vladimir G.
Published: October 2023

The relevance of the research is determined by the importance of strengthening the general civil Russian identity in new historical conditions.

The purpose of the study is to examine the features of general civil and regional identity of Chuvashia students depending on their ethnicity, to identify common and special in the choice of the Chuvash, the Russians and people with complex ethnic identity.

Materials and methods. The authors rely on the method of studying identity developed in relation to the Russian practice by V.A. Tishkov, L.M. Drobizheva, M.K. Gorshkov, M.N. Guboglo and other researchers. The study is based on the constructivist approach. The empirical material is composed by data from a survey involving 517 students of the Chuvash State University, the Chuvash State Pedagogical University and the Chuvash State Agrarian University conducted in March 2023. The processing was carried out using the SPSS Statistics program.

Study results. The data obtained indicate a significant commitment of the student youth to the all-Russian self-determination, which is typical for respondents of different nationalities. At the same time, differences were recorded, for example, the Russians more often choose general civil identity, and the Chuvash – the regional one. The position of students with a complex ethnic identity occupies the place between the Chuvash and the Russians.

Conclusions. It should be noted that an important element of the student youth’s self-consciousness is a high level of commitment to the general civil Russian identity. The difference between representatives of different nationalities is determined not by ideological positions, but by the peculiarities of ethno-cultural development. At this, it should be borne in mind that identities are characterized by active dynamics, they are not contradictory, but complementary to each other.
SOLVING THE HOUSING PROBLEM IN THE USSR, THE USA AND EUROPE AFTER WORLD WAR II: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Kudryavtsev Aleksandr E.
Published: October 2023

The relevance of the article is due to the constant peoples’ need for a better and more comfortable housing, a convenient urban environment. Historically, we often turn to the past experience of solving the housing problem in our country, often not paying attention to the ways that other countries used. The presented article is intended to fill this gap.

The purpose of the study is to review and compare the process of post-war housing restoration in the USSR, the USA and Europe on the example of France. This makes it possible to identify positive and negative aspects of various approaches to urban planning.

Materials and methods. The presented article is based on the study of scientific literature, archival materials, periodicals. The research is based on publicly available sources, including foreign ones; some of them are translated for the first time. At this, both universal scientific and particular methods of historical research are used: the concrete historical method, comparative analysis.

Study results. The article brings to light the history of development and shows different ways of solving housing problems that arose as a result of the Second World War in the states with different economic conditions and political systems at the time of the end of the war.

Conclusions. Every city, every country has its own problems. In each specific situation, in different historical periods, only the set of these problems, their depth and severity of manifestation change. To be successful in solving these problems, it is important to be able to analyze and summarize the experience of different countries, see the positive and negative aspects in their solutions and use combinations of the best methods.
STUDENTS OF CHUVASHIA ABOUT THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR, THE CONSTRUCTION OF SURSKY AND KAZAN DEFENSIVE LINES
Authors: Kharitonov Mikhail Yu. , Grigoriev Alexander D. , Nikolaeva Maria S. , Ignateva Natalya I.
Published: October 2023

The relevance of the study is determined by the importance of patriotic education in modern youth, instilling in them a sense of belonging to the history of the Homeland.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the opinions of students about the events of the Great Patriotic War, to identify their level of knowledge about the construction of Sursky and Kazan defensive lines in Chuvashia in the initial period of the war, to consider the sources of information of young people about these events.

Materials and methods. The empirical basis for writing this article was made by the materials of a survey of students in March 2023, in the organization and conduct of which the authors of the article participated. A total of 517 respondents took part in the survey. In order to implement the comparative historical method, data from earlier surveys of students were also involved.

Results. During the survey, students noted that among the historical events in Russia, the most significant of them is the victory in the Great Patriotic War. There is also a high level of interest in the events of the last war, which reaches 85% among the respondents. The data obtained also indicate a noticeable increase in the proportion of those who, to one degree or another, had heard about the construction of Sursky and Kazan defensive lines in Chuvashia. Information sources about these events remained traditional, but the information received in educational institutions became more noticeable.

Conclusions. The materials obtained during the survey of university students of Chuvashia showed that the memory of the Great Patriotic War is the most important element of the historical memory of young people. The data we obtained showed the possibility of actively influencing the historical memory of young people by combining administrative resources and the public initiative.
PLANTS CONSUMED AS FOOD IN ETHNOBOTANICAL PERSPECTIVE: THE CASE STUDY OF YENICE-CANAKKALE-TURKIYE
Authors: Tutenocakli Tulay
Published: October 2023

In this study, the plants consumed as human food in the Yenice district of Canakkale, located in the Troy region, were evaluated in terms of ethnobotany. The plants that the local people living in the region consume as food and their usage patterns have been determined on a district basis. These plants are mostly collected from nature by people living in rural areas or used by purchasing them from the market established in the district center. While 64 taxa out of 112 taxa used for food purposes in the study area are grown naturally, 48 taxa are produced and consumed. In addition, 5 types of mushrooms, which are edible and sold in local markets, are also used as food. The leaves of 49 taxa, fruits of 43 taxa, stems of 26 taxa, flowers of 24 taxa, seeds of 10 taxa and roots of 5 taxa are consumed from plants used as food. These plants are consumed raw, cooked, seasoned, frozen, dried, pickled and canned.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MENSTRUAL PAIN AND QUALITY OF LIFE
Authors: Popova-Dobreva Diana , Tomova Tatyana , Ivanova Stela , Dakova-Velichkova Tsvetanka
Published: October 2023

Menstrual pain is a common socially significant problem that leads to discomfort and absence from work, with a negative impact on health status, improvement of life, and personal and public finances. The review of the scientific literature aimed at the concepts in world research related to menstrual pain and its impact on a better life. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between menstrual pain and quality of life. The study contingent is physically active women of reproductive age. 125 physically active female students at the Vasil Levski National Sports Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria, were studied. The contingent was characterized by age, duration of bleeding in days, amount of menstruation, degree of menstrual pain, and self-assessment of the effect of menstrual pain on workability. We use the Brunnsviken Brief Quality of Life scale (BBQ) in the study. A study conducted by us demonstrated a high prevalence of dysmenorrhea among young women. We consider it necessary to compile and approve a PROGRAM of physical exercises for personal and professional use by women with menstrual pain and specialists. Any effort in this direction will have an indirect benefit for personal and public finances, by preserving the working capacity of the women concerned.
Urgensi Arsip Dalam Pembuktian Dan Perlindungan Hak-Hak Keperdataan Di Negeri Rumahkay Kecamatan Amalatu Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat
Authors: Nabila Syadzwina Hindun
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Increasing public awareness of the importance of civil law to uphold rights and justice in everyday life, especially in terms of ownership, agreements, and other matters between individuals or legal entities. However, civil law must be balanced with the awareness of the importance of archives to verify and protect civil rights.Purposes of Devotion: To provide understanding and knowledge to the public especially in providing urgent knowledge of archives in proof and protection of privacy rights. Method of Devotion: The dedication method used is the method of advocacy and support of the State House Society, especially in providing urgent knowledge of archives in the proof and protection of privacy rights.Results of the Devotion: Essential evidence in the proof of civil matters include written or written evidence; witnesses; assumptions; confessions; and oaths from sources or expert statements. In the process of settling a case in court, written or written evidence is more important than any other evidence. The judge uses the legal means of proof to seek formal truth to seek material truth. Because this means of proof is also meant to assist in proof in disputes and provide legal protection.
Kedaulatan Negara Dalam Invasi Rusia Ke Ukraina Berdasarkan Hukum Internasional
Authors: Haupea Muhamad Ali Aqsa , Wattimena Josina Augustina Yvonne , Anwar Arman
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Russia's invasion of Ukraine gave rise to mixed opinions in the international community regarding the concept of state sovereignty, both in theory and practice.Purposes of the Research:  The regulation of state sovereignty has experienced a conceptual shift according to international law and Russia's invasion of Ukraine has caused a shift in the concept of state sovereignty in international law.Methods of the Research: The research used is normative juridical, using an analytical perspective research type. The legal materials are primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The approaches used are the statutory approach, the conceptual approach and the case approach. The technique for collecting legal materials uses library research which is then analyzed qualitatively to answer the problems being studied.Results of the Research: The research results show that the concept of state sovereignty is experiencing changes and shifts in meaning according to developments over time. The revolutionary changes of the late 18th and 19th centuries gave rise to the concept of sovereignty which included the principle of equality of states and the principle of non-intervention in the internal affairs of other states as one of its important elements. Regarding the causes of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, it was influenced by various factors, including historical, political, economic, security and defense factors, as well as to protect pro-Russian separatist groups who wanted to separate themselves from Ukraine. Russia's invasion of Ukraine did not affect the shift in the concept of sovereignty as currently accepted by the international community in the modern ideology of sovereignty. On a theoretical and practical level, the will of the Russian state has great interests in carrying out actions that threaten peace, or violate peace by launching aggression against Ukraine as a sovereign state. Russia as a party to various international agreements has an obligation to respect international law where state sovereignty and equality between countries are recognized concepts and have become the basis of the international legal system