bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formulation and Evaluation of Novel Chondroitin Sulphate Based Hydrogel Containing Green- Synthesised Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles for Treatment of Osteomyelitis- An in Vitro Study
Authors: Kumaraguru Mahalakshmi , Doraikannan Srisakthi , Indiran Meignana Arumugham
Published: October 2024

Musculoskeletal infections, particularly osteomyelitis (OM), pose a significant challenge for patients, healthcare providers, and the healthcare system overall.
Osteomyelitis of the jaw is characterized by exposed bone in the mouth that does not heal despite adequate treatment. It involves inflammation of the bone cortex and marrow, typically arising in the jaw following a chronic infection.
Given the persistent nature of osteomyelitis (OM), along with its expensive and prolonged treatment process and high rates of disability, there is an urgent need for better treatment approaches. While some therapies, including vaccines and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been explored, the standard treatment for OM continues to rely on identifying bacterial species, using appropriate antibiotics, removing implants, performing extensive debridement, and administering systemic antibiotics for 4 to 6 weeks. However, issues like inadequate local antibiotic concentrations due to local blood supply and various bacterial resistance mechanisms often limit the effectiveness of systemic treatments. This approach allows for higher concentrations of drugs to be delivered directly to the affected area while minimizing side effects. To lower the reinfection rate in chronic osteomyelitis treatment, the drug delivery system should be biodegradable, eliminating the need for material removal after therapy.
Hence the aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate a novel chondroitin sulphate based hydrogel containing magnesium oxide nanoparticles for treatment of osteomyelitis
Oral Health Status of School-Going Children Aged 12-15 Years in Tiruvallur District, Tamil Nadu- A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kumaraguru Mahalakshmi , Doraikannan Srisakthi , Indiran Meignana Arumugham
Published: October 2024

Introduction and Aim: Oral health can have dire consequences on the physiological and psychosocial aspects of a child’s well-being. The prevalence of oral diseases among children varies with region and population subgroups. It is necessary to assess the oral health of children as this epidemiological data will serve as the foundation for developing appropriate preventive and treatment strategies. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the oral health status of school going children aged 12-15 years in Tiruvallur district of Tamil Nadu, India.
Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted among 842 children aged 12-15 years who were chosen following a multistage random sampling technique. The oral health status of the children was assessed using Oral Hygiene Index- Simplified (OHI-S), Loe and Silness' Gingival Index (GI), Decayed Missing Filled Teeth (DMFT) index in permanent teeth, and the presence or absence of fluorosis & oral premalignant lesions (OPML). The recorded data was then subjected to statistical analysis.
Results: The prevalence of gingivitis in the population was 53.4%. The highest mean DMFT was seen among males aged 12-13 years (3.20 +/- 3.102) and the least mean DMFT was seen among females aged 14-15 years (2.76 +/-2.67). 1.3% of the population had tobacco pouch keratosis and 10.8% of the population exhibited dental fluorosis.
Conclusion: This study has established that the children of Tiruvallur exhibit poor oral health status. Data from this study can serve as a valuable contributor to the development of oral health initiatives with the ultimate goal being improvement in oral health.
Italian Libyan Relations 1951 – 1969 Eecnomic Study
Authors: Rahman Zeina Raad Abdel , Rahman Muhammad Imad Redeef Abdel
Published: October 2024

This study explores the economic dimensions of Italian-Libyan relations from 1951 to 1969, a period marked by the shifting sands of post-colonial geopolitics and economic development. After Libya's independence in 1951, Italy, as a former colonial power, sought to maintain and reshape its economic ties with the newly sovereign nation. This period witnessed significant Italian investment in Libyan infrastructure, oil exploration, and trade, reflecting both countries' evolving economic priorities and strategies. The study examines key agreements, economic aid, and the impact of the oil boom on bilateral relations. By analyzing trade data, investment flows, and political agreements, the research highlights how economic considerations influenced diplomatic interactions and contributed to the broader geopolitical landscape of the region. The findings provide insights into the complexities of post-colonial economic relationships and the strategic maneuvers of a former colonial power seeking to secure its interests in a rapidly changing world.
Unveiling Milk Safety in Chennai: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Adulteration Across Diverse Milk Sources
Authors: E Manasa Mira , D Prabu , A Banu Jothi , Dhamodhar Dinesh , R Sindhu , Fathima Lubna , Nehru Indira , M Raj Mohan , E Ragavapriya , Priya Hari
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Milk is a complex biological fluid made up mostly of water, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and many bioactive compounds. This extremely nutritious food contains vital components like energy-giving lactose, fat, bone-forming calcium, minerals, body-building proteins, and health-promoting vitamins necessary for all age groups. To increase the protein content, SNF, fat %, adulterants are added to milk, which unnaturally raising the milk's quality. Regretfully, there are adulterants that can have serious long-term health effects. Infants may experience renal failure and even die if they consume melamine at levels higher than what is considered safe.
Objectives: This study aims to systematically evaluate the extent and nature of all milk adulteration (breast, branded vegan, unbranded vegan milk, direct cow milk and packaged cow milk) in the Chennai city, Tamil Nadu, India.
Methods: The study was conducted for a period of 3 months from May 2024 to July 2024. The collected milk samples were analysed using Delstrips paper strips.
Results: The findings reveal a widespread presence of adulterants, with starch being the most prevalent across nearly all milk types. There were no statistically significant differences seen between government milk, private branded cow milk, and private direct milk in adulterant's sucrose and neutralizers. In contrast, almond milk offers a viable alternative for those seeking a vegan or lactose-free option, particularly for adults and older children.
Conclusion: Milk Adulteration poses a significant threat to public health, economies and the diary industry worldwide. The prevalence of adulteration, particularly in developing countries, highlights the need for improved regulatory frameworks, enhanced testing methods, and vigilant monitoring. This study has demonstrated the severity of milk adulteration, its consequences, and the imperative for collective action. The current research demonstrates that both breast milk and almond milk, when used appropriately, are safe options within their respective contexts.
Probiotics and Other Supplements for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Saeed Abdullah , AlShafea Abdullah , Saeed Abdulrahman Bin , Albraik Meteb , AlNasser Ali
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by social interaction challenges, communication difficulties, and repetitive behaviors. While ASD lacks a cure, there is a growing interest in supplements, notably probiotics, for potential benefits. Probiotics are live microorganisms with health potential due to their role in the gut microbiome. Gut-brain axis is a bi-directional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the brain.
Objective: This comprehensive review systematically searched scientific databases up to September 2023 to examine the use of supplements, particularly probiotics, in individuals with ASD. The review focused on addressing gut-related issues and improving behavior, speech, and overall well-being.
Methods: A systematic search across databases such as PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cochrane library was conducted using keywords like "probiotics," "supplements," "ASD," "gut dysbiosis," and "therapeutic interventions." Studies meeting inclusion criteria, including clinical trials, observational studies, and case reports, were considered.
Results: Several studies suggest that probiotics may improve behavior, brain activity, and eye contact in individuals with ASD by addressing gut dysbiosis. Lactobacillus reuteri and specific Bifidobacterium strains are recommended probiotics, but more research is needed to confirm their efficacy. This review also explores supplements like Vitamin B6, magnesium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin C, and Omega-3 fatty acids, which show potential in supporting speech and overall well-being in individuals with ASD. However, they are not a cure and should be used under professional guidance. The article also discusses supplements for adults with ASD, underlining the importance of consulting healthcare professionals before use and the necessity for further research to determine effectiveness and optimal dosages.
Conclusion: Probiotics and supplements offer potential benefits for individuals with ASD, but they should be seen as complementary therapies rather than cures. A holistic approach, including medical supervision, therapy, and dietary considerations, is crucial for addressing the complex needs of individuals with ASD. Further research is necessary to uncover the precise mechanisms and therapeutic potential of these supplements in enhancing the lives of those with ASD.
Categories: Neurology, Gastroenterology, Nutrition
Is Sports Participation Associated with the Knee Osteoarthritis?
Authors: T. Dr. Syed Saqib , Vijayakumar Dr. S.
Published: October 2024

Background: Osteoarthritis is affecting most of the population globally and knee osteoarthritis is the most common joint of the body getting involved. People nowadays are becoming fitness freaks, but without proper planning of fitness protocols and food habits, they end up with knee osteoarthritis. So, aiming to find out the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis in the growing society will help in improving the lives of human beings and make them perform well in daily life and on the field.
Methodology: An observational descriptive analytic study, the target population was sports and non-sports individuals.
Results: Sports individuals had a 6.52% KOA prevalence which (43.75% - males) and (56.25% - females). Non-sports individuals had 14.87% of KOA prevalence, of which (45.34% - males) and (54.65% - females).
Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of knee osteoarthritis in non-sports individuals as compared to sports individuals and higher in females than males.
Efficacy of Magnetic Field on Risk of Falling and Bone Mineral Density in Elderly Osteoporotic Women
Authors: Hassan Islam Mohamed Elsaghir , Serry Zahra Mohamed Hassan , Abdelmaksoud Gamal Hosny , Saweres Joseph Wageh , Mehmed Saif
Published: October 2024

Background: Osteoporosis, a prevalent condition affecting equally women and men, has been marked by reduced bone mass and structural degeneration.
PEMFs promote bone formation, reduce inflammation, and improve bone remodeling by boosting osteoblast development and differentiation.
Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of pulsed electromagnetic field on bone mineral density and risk of falling in old women with osteoporosis.
Methods: The study included sixty older women with osteoporosis. The subjects were separated into two groups: 30 in each one. Group A received pulsed electromagnetic field and closed chain exercise; and group B received the closed chain exercises.
Results: A statistically significant improvement in the study group compared to the control group with percentage of improvement in femur BMD, lumbar BMD, risk of falling, BBS, ALP, VAS for L.L, VAS for back and OQLQ by 27.71 %, 27.84 %, 21.86 %, 21.64 %, 31.29 %, 54.06 %, 53.01 % and 33.45 % respectively.
Conclusion: Pulsed Electro Magnetic Field (PEMF) is a significant intervention, and it is recommended to be a part of physical therapy & rehabilitation protocols of elderly osteoporotic women.
Capital Punishment Repeal in England: A Paradigm Shift towards Restorative Justice and Human Dignity
Authors: Hassan Dr. Anjum , Verma Adarsh , Mansiz Sharma  , Gupta Devanshu , Kumar Nivesh
Published: October 2024

The inherent disgracefulness of death consciously inflicted upon a person by his fellows, may make the death sentence highly untenable, from a strict humanitarian prospective. It’s here where the concerned state authorities come into action and claim that if at all the death sentence is to be retained, its imposition must be with utmost human decency ensuring evolved standards. However, the movement away from brutal and cruel punishment has been a slow yet steady process. With the gradual evolving standards of human decency and dignity, the law needs to be changed with the changing dynamism of the dynamic society. Nonetheless, the American society, being one of the oldest civilizations in the world owes to itself that the agony at the exact point of execution should be kept to the minimum. This becomes more crucial when execution is the outcome of a judicial verdict. Courts play a vital role in major social reform, and that we as a society do have certain expectations from the very independent and impartial organ of the state. Moreover, history is a witness to significant social reforms bought by amendments to the prevalent law, through judicial process. Effective judicial intervention in social controversy requires a consensus on the goals and objectives of social change, at a time in history when as a society it is our failure to agree with the goals and purpose of social change that is one of the principal causes of social unrest. Judges have traditionally been very careful to emphasize that their role is not to make the law, merely to apply it. But it is apparent that judges play a significant role in the development of law through the interpretation of both common law principles and legislative provisions. The phrase “judicial responsibility” means not just the responsibility to uphold the law; it means the overarching responsibility to do justice. Courts should realize that as long as there is life, there is room for reform
Is Your Emotional Intelligence Authentic, or Self-Serving?
Authors: Westover Jonathan
Published: October 2024

This article explores the distinction between authentic and self-serving applications of emotional intelligence (EI) in leadership. While EI refers to the ability to understand and manage emotions, leaders utilize this competency in different ways - some authentically to connect with others, others more manipulatively for self-gain. The research presented finds authentic EI fosters high-trust, collaborative cultures and performance through empathizing with stakeholders, while self-serving EI breeds toxicity and disengagement. Examples of leaders demonstrating authentic EI through care, vulnerability and accountability are provided, such as Tim Cook and Brené Brown, contrasted with examples of self-interested leaders like Adam Neumann and Elizabeth Holmes who undermined culture. The article offers recommendations for developing authentic EI through self-reflection, active listening, generous feedback and genuine interest in others. Overall, leaders are advised to consider whether their EI stems from integrity or self-interest, as authentic application anchored in understanding people empowers thriving organizational cultures.
Consenso sobre el uso de Avastin® para el tratamiento de la retinopatía del prematuro en la Argentina
Authors: Vicintin Patricia , Galina Lidia , Brussa Marina , Lomuto Celia , Urrets Zavalía Julio , Mansilla Celeste , Dinerstein Alejandro , Schbib Vanina , Silva Lara Ricardo , Alda Ernesto , Benítez Alicia , Quiroga Ana , Monteoliva Guillermo , Larcher Patricia , Rivero Juan , Casiraghi Javier , Machado Sandra , De Gaetano Cristina , Saidman Gabriela , Sánchez Celia , Marinaro Patricia , Fernández Patricia , Heevel Viviana , Torres Rodrigo Martín
Published: October 2024

Se entiende por utilización off-label al empleo de un fármaco que ya está aprobado para una indicación específica pero que se utiliza para otra prescripción diferente a la contemplada en su ficha técnica. El uso off-label del producto Avastin® (Roche) está aceptado desde un aspecto bioético para su uso en distintas patologías oftalmológicas, considerando su función antiangiogénica. La retinopatía del prematuro (ROP), enfermedad ocular provocada por una alteración de la vasculogénesis de la retina es la principal causa de ceguera en la infancia. Afecta únicamente a los niños prematuros y especialmente a los menores de 1.500 g de peso al nacer y/o niños de 32 semanas de edad gestacional. La aparición de esta enfermedad puede mitigarse con diferentes acciones. Asimismo, hace varios años que la comunidad científica ha comenzado a utilizar de modo off-label el Avastin® (Roche) para el tratamiento de algunas formas de la ROP, sea de manera única o asociada a la fotocoagulación láser. El presente trabajo tuvo el objetivo de evaluar aspectos relacionados con la seguridad, la eficacia y las implicancias económicas para el empleo de Avastin en ROP dentro del territorio nacional argentino. Se aplicó una metodología en el formato de consenso científico mediante la cual, tras analizar las evidencias disponibles y en base a la opinión de expertos, se concluyó que la elección de este producto se sustenta tanto por ser económicamente más accesible y por demostrar equivalencia en aspectos de seguridad, y una no inferioridad terapéutica ante otros antiangiogénicos.
Lamenting the Idyllic--Thomas Hardy’s Nostalgia in Far from the Madding Crowd
Authors: Mengge Zhao
Published: October 2024

The useful conceptions of nostalgia are instrumental for a close look at Thomas Hardy’s pastoral sentiment towards the vanishing rustic life, which is disturbed by the abrupt intrusion of industrialization in the country. Hardy’s pastoral nostalgia finds its refuge in the partly real, partly dreamlike Wessex, in which a self-contained atmosphere of idyllic contentment remains. Through a nostalgic interpretation of Hardy’s Far from the Madding Crowd, the essay explores Hardy’s nostalgic construction of a fraternal Weatherbury community, including the incarnation of his idealized peasant type Shepherd Oak and the desirably pastoral romance. Through a collection of Hardy’s imaginations, the research aims to probe into the individual’s ambiguous psychology and complicated perception when confronting with the social and cultural transitions in the late nineteenth century England.
VISOR
Authors: Silva Andressa Carvalho da , Xavier Fabio Correa
Published: October 2024

Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de plataforma com o objetivo de clarificar a importância dos alertas emitidos pelos Tribunais de Contas aos seus jurisdicionados, conforme preconiza a legislação brasileira, especialmente a Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal. A preocupação na criação do VISOR – Visão Social de Relatórios de Alertas foi utilizar uma linguagem cidadã, acessível ao cidadão comum dos municípios brasileiros, a partir da análise de uma imensa quantidade de dados orçamentários e fiscais dos munícipios brasileiros, atribuição constitucional dos Tribunais de Contas. O grande volume, variedade e velocidade de geração desses dados recebidos pelos Tribunais de Contas podem classificar esse conjunto de dados analisados como Big Data, uma tecnologia emergente, principalmente no setor público. A plataforma também engloba outras tecnologias emergentes, como uso de chatbot, com tecnologia de machine learning e inteligência artificial, para permitir a correta interpretação de linguagem natural no atendimento aos cidadãos. Com o VISOR, espera-se estimular o controle social nos municípios brasileiros, aumentando, assim, o bom uso dos escassos recursos públicos.
TRIBUNAIS DE CONTAS E JURIMETRIA
Authors: Garcia Gilson Piqueras
Published: October 2024

O objeto deste trabalho é o controle social através das denúncias apresentadas ao Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU). A pergunta de partida é: como se distribuem as decisões sobre a procedência ou improcedência das denúncias apresentadas ao TCU? O estudo utiliza técnica documental na sessão de jurisprudência do sítio eletrônico do TCU. A pesquisa é quantitativa: coleta, trata e analisa os dados através da Jurimetria, Estatística aplicada ao Direito. O objetivo do estudo é compreender como se processa o julgamento das denúncias apresentadas ao TCU. O trabalho se justifica na medida em que o estudo da aplicação das normas é fundamental para o aperfeiçoamento do processo legislativo e para o planejamento das auditorias dos Tribunais de Contas através de matrizes de risco baseadas em evidências. O objetivo do trabalho é atendido uma vez que os processos são descritos. Outra contribuição desta pesquisa é a construção de um modelo de análise para as denúncias apresentadas aos Tribunais de Contas.
Application and challenges of biomarkers for the prognosis and diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Nainwal Nidhi
Published: October 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-based neurological problem characterized by dementia. AD has become a serious concern for public health with an expected threefold increase in Alzheimer’s cases by 2050. Various treatments are available for the treatment of AD. However, a big challenge is the late diagnosis of AD which can affect the treatment outcomes. Particularly in the aging brain, AD pathology can often co-occur with other neurodegenerative and vascular illnesses. For this reason, prompt differential diagnosis is essential to provide the right care, support, and customized treatment regimens. Diagnosis of AD at early stages (prognosis) when the changes are very mild can be beneficial. At present, several potential biomarkers are available for evaluation and diagnosis of AD. Biomarkers-based early detection of AD can enable scientists to find new treatments and approaches to prevent or delay dementia. Structural and functional imaging of the brain with the help of magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography scans are some widely used methods to screen AD. Analysis of body fluids such as blood, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and urine for AD-associated proteins to aid in the diagnosis of AD pathology. In this article, currently used biomarkers for AD are reviewed. A comparative overview of various biomarkers with their applications, advantages, and disadvantages is given in a table form. Recent developments in the field of AD diagnosis have been highlighted.
Analysis of electrode crack propagation in solid oxide fuel cell with pre-crack
Authors: Xie Jia-Miao , Li Jing-Yang , Zhou Jia-Yi , Hao Wen-Qian ,   School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China,   Beijing Tsing Aero Armament Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102100, China,   National Space Science Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Published: October 2024

The mechanical performance of solid oxide fuel cell is one of the main factors limiting its commercialization process. In order to reduce the degree of crack propagation in the cooling process and improve the stability and durability of the cell, the finite element analysis is conducted on a three-dimensional model of solid oxide fuel cell containing pre-crack. Utilizing the extended finite element method (XFEM) and fracture theory, and considering the stress distribution, length and maximum width after crack propagation and deflection angle of crack as criteria, this paper investigates the influence of various parameters, including working temperature, material properties, pre-crack angle, and pre-crack location, on pre-crack propagation behavior and proposes a solution based on material optimization and structural optimization to improve the stability of the cell. A pre-crack is set at the left boundary of the anode to analyze the influence of different operating conditions on the propagation of anode cracks in the cell. The correctness of finite element simulation is verified by comparing the simulation results with theoretical results of crack stress intensity factors in the same model. From the comprehensive analysis of the thermal stress of the cell, the crack length and maximum width after pre-crack propagation, and the two deflection angles of crack propagation, it can be seen that within the selected parameters, in order to ensure the stability of the cell and inhibit the degree of crack propagation, the operating temperature of the cell should not be lower than 1023 K, and the thermal expansion coefficient of anode should be less than 12.50×10–6 K–1. In addition, when the pre-crack angle is 45° or 0.45 mm away from the bottom of anode, the maximum width after crack propagation is the smallest, and the propagation path is the most predictable. In this case, the cell is affected by the smallest crack range and the highest stability. This research provides a guidance for suppressing crack propagation in solid oxide fuel cell, improving the lifetime and promoting the commercialization process of fuel cell.
Measurement and analysis of neutron spectrum responses of ST401 scintillators with different thickness
Authors: Li Yang , Zhang Yan-Hong , Sheng Liang , Zhang Mei , Yao Zhi-Ming , Duan Bao-Jun , Zhao Ji-Zhen , Guo Quan , Yan Wei-Peng , Li Guo-Guang , Hu Jia-Qi , Li Hao-Qing , Li Lang-Lang ,   State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710024, China,   Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Published: October 2024

In the measurement of pulsed neutrons in the MeV energy range, plastic scintillators are one of the most widely used materials, and their neutron energy spectrum responses are key data of pulsed neutron energy spectrum measurement. The neutron energy spectrum responses of ST401 plastic scintillators with 5 different thickness values ranging from 0.5 to 10 mm in an energy range from 0.5 MeV to 100 MeV are measured by using the time-of-flight (TOF) method on the white neutron source (WNS) beamline of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). The effects of in-beam gamma rays, the gamma flash produced slow component of scintillator, and the pulse width of the neutron source on the measurement of neutron spectrum response are analyzed. Owing to the boundary effect of the finite volume of the scintillator, the neutron energy spectrum response curves of ST401 with different thickness values present approximately logarithmic shape, and proton escape is the main reason for the deviation of the curve from linearity. The thicker the scintillator, the higher the neutron energy deviates from linearity.
Effect of work function on dust charging and dynamics near lunar surface
Authors: Liu Zhi-Gui , Song Zhi-Ying , Quan Rong-Hui ,   College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
Published: October 2024

Charged dust on the lunar surface poses a threat to space missions. Research into charged dust is essential for the safety of future space missions. When calculating the charging currents related to photoelectrons, a single constant work function is assumed in the conventional lunar dust charging theory. However, the components of lunar regolith exhibit considerable diversity, including plagioclase, pyroxene, and ilmenite. Because the ability of the lunar surface or lunar dust to emit photoelectrons strongly depends on its work function, it is necessary to analyze the effect of the work function on dust charging and dynamics near the lunar surface. In this work, we use a novel method that can predict the photoelectric yield of materials with different work functions to recalculate the surface charging currents of four types of dust particles and derive their subsequent charging and dynamic results at different solar zenith angles (SZAs). As SZA varies from 0° to 90°, the work function value of dust decreases into 6 eV (Apollo lunar soil), 5.58 eV (plagioclase), 5.14 eV (pyroxene), and 4.29 eV (ilmenite), correspondingly. With each decrement in work function, the equilibrium charging current of dust particles increases about 0.25 times, the equilibrium charge number increases about 120–170 elemental charges, and the equilibrium height increases about 0.3–2 m. It is found that dust particles cannot levitate stably at a critical SZA, and the critical SZAs for the four types of dust particles are 28°, 76°, 85.8°, and 89.6°, respectively (arranged in decreasing order of work functions). These results indicate that the equilibrium heights, equilibrium currents, and critical SZAs all have an inverse relationship with the work function of dust particles as the SZA varies from 0° to 90°. Furthermore, a higher photoelectron density in areas with lower work functions leads energy losses to decrease, thus causing dust particles to take longer time to reach equilibrium. This means that the equilibrium time follows the pattern similar to that of the work function.
Determination of Polyphenols, Flavonoids and Anthocyanins in Mavrud Wine from the Harmanli Region. Comparison with Other Investigated Mavrud Wines
Authors: Lazarova Madlena , Yankov Dragomir
Published: October 2024

Native red wine of the Mavrud variety (Harmanli region) was assayed for its phenolic, flavonoid and anthocyanin contents. Total phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanins of the wine samples were determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu method, the aluminium complexation assay, and the modified method of Ribéreau-Gayon and Stonestreet, respectively. Total phenolic content was determined to be 2990 mg GAE/L, total flavonoid content was 1020 mg CE/L, and the anthocyanin content – 122 mg ME/L. The comparison of the results with those found for other investigated Mavrud wines revealed up to three and two times differences in the phenolic and anthocyanin contents, respectively, while the amount of flavonoids was almost equal.
×Gymnigritella suaveolens (Orchidaceae), a New Natural Hybrid to the Flora of Serbia
Authors: Djordjević Vladan , Krdžić Svetlana , Tsiftsis Spyros
Published: October 2024

×Gymnigritella suaveolens (Orchidaceae), a natural hybrid between Gymnadenia conopsea and Nigritella rhellicani, was found at Mt Kopaonik for the first time in Serbia, representing its single known locality in the Central Balkans. Morphological characteristics, distribution data, habitat and ecological preferences are indicated. The hybrid was found at 1552 m a.s.l., on sericite schists, as a member of the Festuco-Deschampsietum flexuosae grassland community. Two hybrid specimens were recorded at the site where the two parental species grow in sympatry, and where the population size of G. conopsea was larger than the population size of N. rhellicani.
Study of Bio-ecological Indicators of Oak Species in Azerbaijan
Authors: Nazim Roza , Oqtay Afat
Published: October 2024

For the first time in Azerbaijan, differences in the morphological parameters of oak trees growing in different regions have been determined, the agrochemical properties of soils under oak trees have been studied, and the influence of environmental pollution on tree leaves has been shown. In different regions of Azerbaijan, morphological polymorphism, caused by the influence of various environmental factors, is different in oak taxa. The level of intrapopulation polymorphism established by dispersion analysis is higher than that of traits with the greatest diversity of variability N (YU/YE) (CV=111.01%), F (CV=54.11%) and YS (CV=35.01%). The Jaccard similarity coefficient is 0.334 with a significant variation of genotypes from each other of 0.827, which indicates its difference in degree and adaptability in the studied taxa. The asymmetry index we calculated (coefficient of fluctuating asymmetry) for Q. petraea sp. and Q. robur sp. equal to 0.067 is considered a conditional norm. The highest indicators are typical for Q. petraea sp. both in areas with intense traffic flow and in the territory of the botanical garden. For Q. rubra, the highest coefficient of fluctuating asymmetry was noted in the botanical garden. The stomal fissure width and stomal fissure length of leaves Q. robur L. and Q. rubra L. are high in the area of Absheron Garadag highway. Intensity of damage to oak leaves spotting and rust high level are registered in Absheron Garadag highway region. Indicators obtained through scientific research are conveniently used in preliminary forecasting as a non-invasive test that protects the principles of "green technologies", without involving other more complex tests that require financial and labour resources, such as an indicative test that is sensitive to small changes within a plant organism.
Fabrication and Characterization of Advanced Selective Plated Copper Coatings Incorporating Nanosized Particles of ZnO and TiO2
Authors: Veselinov Deyan , Yankova Radostina , Skulev Hristo , Kwiecień Izabella , Wojewoda-Budka Joanna
Published: October 2024

This study reports preliminary results on the fabrication and characterization of selective plated copper-based coatings with enhanced surface properties and durability through the incorporation of zinc oxide and titanium oxide particles. The coatings were produced using an electrolyte containing 3% wt. zinc oxide and 1% wt. titanium oxide particles, and their microstructures, phase compositions, and mechanical properties were investigated. The results show that the incorporation of ceramic particles leads to the formation of metal-matrix composite materials with finer grain structures, improved microhardness, and enhanced wear resistance. The coating incorporating ZnO particles exhibits superior wear resistance, maintaining stable roughness values and minimal material loss, while the coating with TiO2 particles also shows improved wear resistance with moderate roughness increases.
Mutational and Clinical Spectrum of the PAX6 Gene in Bulgarian Patients with Aniridia
Authors: Atanasoska Maya , Vazharova Radoslava , Popova Anna , Kukenski Veselin , Balabanski Lubomir , Andonova Silvia , Savov Alexey , Toncheva Draga
Published: October 2024

The PAX6 gene has highly conservative structure and developmentally essential function and is expressed in structurally different organs and systems. Haploinsufficiency of the PAX6 gene product leads to aniridia and aniridia-like phenotypes. A total of 9 patients and 115 controls were examined with the use of a variety of molecular-genetics methods (SNP array, Sanger sequencing, NGS, WES) and in collaboration with different clinicians. Two pathogenic CNVs, three potentially pathogenic variants and two nonsynonymous SNVs in the PAX6 gene were identified: two out of the three potentially pathogenic variants have not been previously reported. The heterogeneous nature of aniridia and the variable spectrum of the PAX6 mutations were confirmed by our study. Approximately 75% of the registered cases in the Bulgarian population were studied and five disease-related variants were discovered. The small number of polymorphic variants in the controls supports the highly conserved role and nature of the PAX6 and its product.
Why Is the Group of Non-responders to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy so Large? Some Ethical and Medical Aspects of the Topic
Authors: Iovev Svetoslav , Staneva Milena , Simeonov Peyo , Chilingirova Nezabravka
Published: October 2024

The aim of this single centre study (“St. Ekaterina” Hospital) is to assess the effect of a second successful cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients who had already had an unsuccessful implantation of a CRT system at other medical centres in Bulgaria and were defined as “non-responders”. This is a prospective observational study. The patients have previously had an unsuccessful implantation of a left ventricular (LV) lead or the latter has not been placed in the target vessel. After the successful implantation of a new LV lead in another target vessel, the post-procedure criteria for echocardiographic (EchoCG) and clinical response were monitored. Over the period 2017–2019, 18 CRT systems have been implanted in 18 patients with an average age 65±1 years with initial heart failure (HF) according to the Classification of the New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III. The average LV ejection fraction (LVEF) was 28±1%. After the successful implantation of a new LV lead, patients presented with HF class II–III and LVEF 36±1%. In the new “upgrading” procedure, 15 patients (83%) had a good clinical and EchoCG response, and two of those 15 patients were “super responders”. The remaining three patients (17%) were “poor responders”. After the good clinical and echocardiographic response to the therapy with a second successful implantation of a LV lead in another target vessel, an important question arises, whether all “non-responders” to the CRT are actually supposed to be defined as such.
3D Model Simulation in Preoperative Planning of Complex and Revision Hip Replacement
Authors: Simeonov Radoil , Tserovski Stefan , Tanchev Panayot , Bogdanov Todor , Kinov Plamen
Published: October 2024

Complex and revision hip arthroplasty has remained one of the most discussed orthopedic topics in recent years. With the advancement of printing technologies 3D preoperative planning and live model simulation provides us with “hands on” procedures without any risk for the patient. Modern computer technologies present the possibility for preoperative planning of Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) in digital environment. 3D printing of anatomical models in real size allows accurate assessment of the pathological deviations of the anatomy, precise preoperative planning of the reconstruction and simulation of the operative intervention ex-vivo. We present a series of 3D simulations for planning hip replacement, illustrating the technique, discussing its advantages and disadvantages, in complex primary and revision hip arthroplasty. In the complex and revision surgery of the hip joint, a correct assessment of bone defects is mandatory. Reconstructing the biomechanical parameters – centre of rotation, femoral offset and leg length discrepancy, is also of great significance. The 3D reconstruction with biomodel simulations offers exceptional accuracy in this respect. The method can be an excellent tool for education of surgeons in training and residents.
Image Correlation Spectroscopy is a Robust Tool to Quantify Cellular DNA Damage Response
Authors: Gopal Angelica A , Fernandez Bianca , Wiseman Paul W , Dubach J Matthew
Published: October 2024

The DNA Damage response (DDR) is both essential and highly complex. Evaluating the DDR is a critical aspect of cell biology. Counting DNA damage foci is one of the most common approaches to study the DDR. Yet, quantification of protein foci suffers from experimental limitations, subjectivity of analysis and is restricted to a handful of the hundreds of DDR proteins. Here we apply image correlation spectroscopy (ICS) to quantify the local clustering at sites of DNA damage directly. We found that ICS outperformed foci counting of traditional DDR markers and enabled quantification of other markers without the complex labeling procedures that are otherwise required. ICS analysis also provided insight into DDR protein recruitment that was previously undetectable. Further expansion incorporating analysis to cell cycle classification demonstrates a rapid, non-biased approach to fully study the DNA damage response within cells. ICS analysis presents an objective, quantitative image analysis technique to study the DNA damage response in unaltered cells that we expect will significantly enhance quantitative DNA damage response research.
Striatal cholinergic interneuron pause response requires Kv1 channels, is absent in dyskinetic mice, and is restored by dopamine D5 receptor inverse agonism
Authors: Tubert Cecilia , Paz Rodrigo M , Stahl Agostina M , Rela Lorena , Murer Mario G
Published: October 2024

Striatal cholinergic interneurons (SCIN) exhibit pause responses conveying information about rewarding events, but the mechanisms underlying them remain elusive. Thalamic inputs induce a pause mediated by intrinsic mechanisms and regulated by dopamine D2 receptors, though the underlying membrane currents are unknown. Moreover, the role of D5 receptors (D5R) has not been addressed so far. We performed ex vivo studies that show that glutamate released by thalamic inputs in the dorsolateral striatum induces a burst in SCIN, followed by the activation of a Kv1-dependent delayed rectifier current responsible for the pause. Endogenous dopamine promotes the pause through D2R stimulation, while pharmacological stimulation of D5R suppresses it. Remarkably, the pause response is absent in parkinsonian mice rendered dyskinetic by chronic L-DOPA treatment but can be reinstated acutely by the inverse D5R agonist clozapine. Blocking the Kv1 current eliminates the pause reinstated by the D5R inverse agonist. In conclusion, the pause response is mediated by delayed rectifier Kv1 channels, which are tonically blocked in dyskinetic mice by a mechanism depending on D5R ligand-independent activity. Targeting these alterations may have therapeutic value in Parkinson’s disease.
A suite of selective pressures supports the maintenance of alleles of a Drosophila immune peptide
Authors: Mullinax Sarah R , Darby Andrea M , Gupta Anjali , Chan Patrick , Smith Brittny R , Unckless Robert L
Published: October 2024

The innate immune system provides hosts with a crucial first line of defense against pathogens. While immune genes are often among the fastest evolving genes in the genome, in
Drosophila
, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are notable exceptions. Instead, AMPs may be under balancing selection, such that over evolutionary timescales multiple alleles are maintained in populations. In this study, we focus on the
Drosophila
antimicrobial peptide Diptericin A, which has a segregating amino acid polymorphism associated with differential survival after infection with the Gram-negative bacteria
Providencia rettgeri
. Diptericin A also helps control opportunistic gut infections by common Drosophila gut microbes, especially those of
Lactobacillus plantarum
. In addition to genotypic effects on gut immunity, we also see strong sex-specific effects that are most prominent in flies without functional
diptericin A
. To further characterize differences in microbiomes between different
diptericin
genotypes, we used 16S metagenomics to look at the microbiome composition. We used both lab reared and wild caught flies for our sequencing and looked at overall composition as well as the differential abundance of individual bacterial families. Overall, we find flies that are homozygous for one allele of
diptericin A
are better equipped to survive a systemic infection from
P. rettgeri
, but in general have a shorter lifespans after being fed common gut commensals. Our results suggest a possible mechanism for the maintenance of genetic variation of
diptericin A
through the complex interactions of sex, systemic immunity, and the maintenance of the gut microbiome.
Partitioning changes in ecosystem productivity by effects of species interactions in biodiversity experiments
Authors: Tao Jing , Nock Charles A , Searle Eric B , Huang Shongming , Man Rongzhou , Yang Hua , Freschet Grégoire T , Violle Cyrille , Zheng Ji
Published: October 2024

Species interactions affect ecosystem productivity. Positive interactions (resource partitioning and facilitation) increase productivity while negative interactions (species interference) decrease productivity relative to the null expectations defined by monoculture yields. Effects of competitive interactions (resource competition) can be either positive or negative. Distinguishing effects of species interactions is therefore difficult, if not impossible, with current biodiversity experiments involving mixtures and full density monocultures.To partition changes in ecosystem productivity by effects of species interactions, we modify null expectations with competitive growth responses, i.e., proportional changes in individual size (biomass or volume) expected in mixture based on species differences in growth and competitive ability. We use partial density (species density in mixture) monocultures and the competitive exclusion principle to determine maximum competitive growth responses and full density monoculture yields to measure species ability to achieve maximum competitive growth responses in mixture. Deviations of observed yields from competitive expectations represent the effects of positive/negative species interactions, while the differences between competitive and null expectations reflect the effects of competitive interactions.We demonstrate the effectiveness of our competitive partitioning model in distinguishing effects of species interactions using both simulated and experimental species mixtures. Our competitive partitioning model enables meaningful assessments of species interactions at both species and community levels and helps disentangle underlying mechanisms of species interactions responsible for changes in ecosystem productivity and identify species mixtures that maximize positive effects.
Design of a hazard prediction system with intelligent multimodal fusion based on artificial intelligence & internet of things technology: taking a crib as an example
Authors: Yin Jibin , Zhao Jia’nan , Zhang Xiangliang
Published: October 2024

Problem

How to design an intelligent multimodal fusion hazard prediction system using AIoT (Artificial Intelligence & Internet of Things) technology to predict some potential dangers. This article will provide some ideas and methods.

Introduction

This article designs an intelligent multimodal fusion hazard prediction system based on AIoT technology. The system mainly consists of an IoT hardware device and an AI multimodal and multi-dimensional Hazard Prediction Algorithm.

Method

This article will take baby cribs as an example, using this system to empower traditional baby cribs and transform them into intelligent baby cribs.

Results

In this example, the system can detect the real-time status of the baby and predict upcoming dangers, including kicking the quilt, wetting the bed, fever, crying, climbing over the crib, and turning over.

Hypothesis

Assuming that intelligent systems can detect the status of infants in real-time and make predictions before potential dangers occur, to promptly alert parents. Perhaps it can prevent some irreversible dangers from occurring.

Background

This system solves the pain point problem of parents having to take care of their babies after working hard.

Purpose

In this scenario, the system provides a design scheme for an intelligent multimodal fusion hazard prediction system with a temporary care function. The application of this system to baby cribs not only reduces the burden on parents but also ensures the safety and comfort of the baby.

Transferability

At the same time, the system has transferability, and its design concept can be transferred to other application scenarios, such as hospital care for infants, young children, or elderly patients, as well as childcare stations for abandoned children in society.

Significance

This innovative system design scheme has a positive significance for family harmony and social development.