bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vocal Communication in Hummingbirds
Authors: Duque Fernanda G. , Carruth Laura L.
Published: January 2022

Hummingbirds exhibit complex vocal repertoires that they use in their social interactions. Furthermore, they are capable of vocal production learning, an ability they share with songbirds, parrots, some non-oscine birds, and some mammals including humans. Despite these characteristics, hummingbirds have not received the same attention as other birds, especially songbirds and parrots, in the study of vocal communication. Recent studies are advancing our knowledge of vocal communication in hummingbirds showing that these birds exhibit complex social learning and extraordinary abilities for vocal production. Moreover, vocal production learning in hummingbirds provides opportunities to study the evolution and diversification of vocal signals because of the presence of dialects in some species. In addition, the presence of high-frequency vocalizations in some hummingbirds underscores the relevance of these birds to study the evolution of communication signals and sensory adaptations. Not only do some species vocalize at unusually high frequencies compared to other birds, but evidence also shows that at least one hummingbird species can hear these sounds, defying what we knew about avian hearing capabilities. Detailed descriptions of the hummingbird syrinx have shown that this organ exhibits homologous structures to those found in the syrinx of oscines, showing that vocal complexity in hummingbirds requires complex syringeal musculature. However, more research is needed to determine whether hummingbirds have unique adaptations that confer exceptional vocal and hearing abilities exceeding those found in other groups of birds.
CKGSE: A Prototype Search Engine for Chinese Knowledge
Graphs
Authors: Wang Xiaxia , Lin Tengteng , Luo Weiqing , Cheng Gong , Qu Yuzhong
Published: January 2022

Nowadays, with increasing open knowledge graphs (KGs) being published on the Web, users depend on open data portals and search engines to find KGs. However, existing systems provide search services and present results with only metadata while ignoring the contents of KGs, i.e., triples. It brings difficulty for users' comprehension and relevance judgement. To overcome the limitation of metadata, in this paper we propose a content-based search engine for open KGs named CKGSE. Our system provides keyword search, KG snippet generation, KG profiling and browsing, all based on KGs' detailed, informative contents rather than their brief, limited metadata. To evaluate its usability, we implement a prototype with Chinese KGs crawled from OpenKG.CN and report some preliminary results and findings.
Meta-Art History: Introduction to a Narratological Study of Art History
Authors: Duan Lian
Published: January 2022

This article outlines a narratological study of art history, discussing how to tell the story of art while telling the story. With this twofold purpose in mind, the author in this article draws the grande ligne of a narrative model on the one hand and proposes a historical argument about modern Chinese art on the other. The former aims at breaking down the boundary between intrinsic and extrinsic studies of art history, whereas the latter aims at proposing a main thesis about modern Chinese art. For the main thesis, the author argues that the development of Chinese art in the twentieth and the early twenty-first centuries is primarily determined by the interaction between the influence of Western art and the Chinese responses to the influence, and the response is driven by the Chinese anxiety of cultural identity over the last one hundred years. Although the topic of this article is centralized around modern Chinese art, the theorization of the methodological approach is to generalize the narrative model for the study of not only art history but also visual culture, critical theory, and relevant disciplines in the humanities.
The Mode of Textual Existence in Communicative Narratology
Authors: Wang Weiyan
Published: January 2022

In communicative narratology, narrative texts are not cut and dry. Some of them indicate the mutual recognition between utterers and receivers, thus forming universal bidirectional texts; others rely on receivers’ subsequent confirmation, forming unidirectional texts. Despite the different types, texts are essentially formulated via both sides of communication, which secondary narrativization pervades. Indeed, this secondary narrativization entails the process of ‘re-textualization’, eventually forming a ‘secondary text’. It remains, in most cases, a type of ‘abstract’ text, which will not become tangible until it is embodied in signs.
Rediscovery and re(re)description of Scydmaenus kasuganus Franz, the only Japanese species of the subgenus Mascarensia Franz (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)
Authors: JAŁOSZYŃSKI PAWEŁ
Published: January 2022

Scydmaenus (Mascarensia) kasuganus Franz is the only nominal species of its subgenus known to occur in Japan. The only known specimen (holotype male) has been inadequately described, and later redescribed in an even more unfortunate way, after its fragile and unique aedeagus had been partly damaged. Therefore, the ‘redescription’ that not only contains even less useful details than the original description but also illustrations of only a portion of the aedeagus (the one which is the least diversified among Scydmaenus species), only decreased chances to identify this interesting species correctly. Newly collected specimens, including males found on Mount Kasuga ad Nara, the type locality, made it possible to redescribe S. kasuganus properly. A checklist of world Mascarensia species is given, and diagnostic characters of this problematic subgenus are discussed.
A New Monotypic Genus from the American Southwest to accommodate “Semiothisa” kuschea (Geometridae: Ennominae)
Authors: MATSON TANNER A.
Published: January 2022

The monotypic Metrica new genus is described for Metrica kuschea (Guedet, 1939) new combination. The genus is placed in the tribe Ennomini Duponchel and hypothesized to be most closely related to a Neotropical species of “Isochromodes” Warren. Adult morphology, including male and female genitalia are illustrated, and molecular data supporting the transfer of “Semiothisa” kuschea (Macariini Guenée) to the Ennomini are presented.
Description of two new species of the genus Siniassus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae: Hyalojassini) from China
Authors: YANG HUI-YING , DAI REN-HUAI
Published: January 2022

Two new species of leafhoppers: Siniassus gracilitus sp. nov. and S. nigrimaculatus sp. nov., of tribe Hyalojassini, subfamily Iassinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) are described and illustrated from China. A key to Siniassus species and updated checklist with distributions are provided.
A new species of genus Phonarellus Gorochov, 1983 from Yunnan, China (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae)
Authors: LIU YI-JIAO , HE ZHU-QING
Published: January 2022

Phonarellus Gorochov, 1983 is comprised of 11 extant species. We describe a new species, Phonarellus (Phonarellus) zebripes He sp. nov. from Yunnan province, China. It is different from other Phonarellus species in possessing black and white stripes on the hind femora. The type specimens are deposited in Museum of Biology, East China Normal University (ECNU).
Climate Change Fosters Competing Effects of Dynamics and Thermodynamics in Seasonal Predictability of Arctic Sea Ice
Authors: Polyakov Igor V. , Mayer Michael , Tietsche Steffen , Karpechko Alexey Yu.
Published: January 2022

The fast decline of Arctic sea ice necessitates a stronger focus on understanding the Arctic sea ice predictability and developing advanced forecast methods for all seasons and for pan-Arctic and regional scales. In this study, the operational forecasting system combining an advanced eddy-permitting ocean–sea ice ensemble reanalysis ORAS5 and state-of-the-art seasonal model-based forecasting system SEAS5 is used to investigate effects of sea ice dynamics and thermodynamics on seasonal (growth-to-melt) Arctic sea ice predictability in 1993–2020. We demonstrate that thermodynamics (growth/melt) dominates the seasonal evolution of mean sea ice thickness at pan-Arctic and regional scales. The thermodynamics also dominates the seasonal predictability of sea ice thickness at pan-Arctic scale; however, at regional scales, the predictability is dominated by dynamics (advection), although the contribution from ice growth/melt remains perceptible. We show competing influences of sea ice dynamics and thermodynamics on the temporal change of ice thickness predictability from 1993–2006 to 2007–20. Over these decades, there was increasing predictability due to growth/melt, attributed to increased winter ocean heat flux in both Eurasian and Amerasian basins, and decreasing predictability due to advection. Our results demonstrate an increasing impact of advection on seasonal sea ice predictability as the region of interest becomes smaller, implying that correct modeling of sea ice drift is crucial for developing reliable regional sea ice predictions. This study delivers important information about sea ice predictability in the “new Arctic” conditions. It increases awareness regarding sea ice state and implementation of sea ice forecasts for various scientific and practical needs that depend on accurate seasonal sea ice forecasts.
Development of the Yearly Mode-1 M2 Internal Tide Model in 2019
Authors: Zhao Zhongxiang
Published: January 2022

The yearly mode-1 M2 internal tide model in 2019 is constructed using sea surface height measurements made by six concurrent satellite altimetry missions: Jason-3, Sentinel-3A, Sentinel-3B, CryoSat-2, Haiyang-2A, and SARAL/AltiKa. The model is developed following a three-step procedure consisting of two rounds of plane wave analysis with a spatial bandpass filter in between. Prior mesoscale correction is made on the altimeter data using AVISO gridded mesoscale fields. The model is labeled Y2019, because it represents the 1-yr-coherent internal tide field in 2019. In contrast, the model developed using altimeter data from 1992 to 2017 is labeled MY25, because it represents the multiyear-coherent internal tide field in 25 years. Thanks to the new mapping technique, model errors in Y2019 are as low as those in MY25. Evaluation using independent altimeter data confirms that Y2019 reduces slightly less variance (∼6%) than MY25. Further analysis reveals that the altimeter data from five missions (without Jason-3) can yield an internal tide model of almost the same quality. Comparing Y2019 and MY25 shows that mode-1 M2 internal tides are subject to significant interannual variability in both amplitude and phase, and their interannual variations are a function of location. Along southward internal tides from Amukta Pass, the energy flux in Y2019 is 2 times larger and the phase speed is about 1.1% faster. This mapping technique has been applied successfully to 2017 and 2018. This work demonstrates that yearly internal tides can be observed by concurrent altimetry missions and their interannual variations can be determined.

Significance Statement

This work is motivated to study the interannual variations of internal tides using observation-based yearly internal tide models from satellite altimetry. Previous satellite observations of internal tides are usually based on 25 years of altimeter data from 1993 to 2017. The yearly subsetted altimeter data are short, so that the resultant yearly models are overwhelmed by noise. A new mapping technique is developed and demonstrated in this paper. It paves a path to study the interannual and decadal variations of internal tides on a global scale and monitor the global ocean changes by tracking long-range internal tides.
A Simple Model for Predicting the Tropical Cyclone Radius of Maximum Wind from Outer Size
Authors: Chavas Daniel R. , Knaff John A.
Published: January 2022

The radius of maximum wind (Rmax) in a tropical cyclone governs the footprint of hazards, including damaging wind, surge, and rainfall. However, Rmax is an inconstant quantity that is difficult to observe directly and is poorly resolved in reanalyses and climate models. In contrast, outer wind radii are much less sensitive to such issues. Here we present a simple empirical model for predicting Rmax from the radius of 34-kt (1 kt ≈ 0.51 m s−1) wind (R17.5 ms). The model only requires as input quantities that are routinely estimated operationally: maximum wind speed, R17.5 ms, and latitude. The form of the empirical model takes advantage of our physical understanding of tropical cyclone radial structure and is trained on the Extended Best Track database from the North Atlantic 2004–20. Results are similar for the TC-OBS database. The physics reduces the relationship between the two radii to a dependence on two physical parameters, while the observational data enables an optimal estimate of the quantitative dependence on those parameters. The model performs substantially better than existing operational methods for estimating Rmax. The model reproduces the observed statistical increase in Rmax with latitude and demonstrates that this increase is driven by the increase in R17.5 ms with latitude. Overall, the model offers a simple and fast first-order prediction of Rmax that can be used operationally and in risk models.

Significance Statement

If we can better predict the area of strong winds in a tropical cyclone, we can better prepare for its potential impacts. This work develops a simple model to predict the radius where the strongest winds in a tropical cyclone are located. The model is simple and fast and more accurate than existing models, and it also helps us to understand what causes this radius to vary in time, from storm to storm, and at different latitudes. It can be used in both operational forecasting and models of tropical cyclone hazard risk.
Differences in Vasa Vasorum Distribution in Human Aortic Aneurysms and Atheromas
Authors: Sano Masaki , Sasaki Takeshi , Baba Satoshi , Inuzuka Kazunori , Katahashi Kazuto , Kayama Takafumi , Yamanaka Yuta , Tsuyuki Hajime , Endo Yusuke , Sato Kohji , Takeuchi Hiroya , Unno Naoki
Published: January 2022

The pathophysiological difference between aortic atheromas and aneurysms is unknown. We focused on the vasa vasorum (VV), which play a critical role in maintaining aortic homeostasis and are also involved in vascular diseases. We investigated the differences in VV between the atheromas and aneurysms. Human abdominal aortic samples were obtained from patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm during surgery or autopsy cases. Autopsy cases were divided into 2 groups according to atheromas. The VV were evaluated using immunohistochemical staining for von Willebrand factor. Intimal VV increased in both the atheroma and aneurysm groups, medial VV increased, and adventitial VV decreased only in the aneurysm group. We also observed that the medial VV were connected to the adventitial VV in the atheroma group and to intimal VV in the aneurysm group. We suggest the outside-in VV or inside-out VV theories. Atheroma induces hypoxia of aortic walls, and angiogenic factors might induce an increase of intimal VV derived from adventitial VV (outside-in VV). However, adventitial VV decrease induces hypoxia of aortic walls, and angiogenic factors might induce an increase of intimal VV derived from aortic lumen (inside-out VV). These differences of VV may contribute in elucidating the pathophysiology of aortic diseases.
Voting in Clientelistic Social Networks: Evidence From the Philippines*
Authors: Ravanilla Nico , Davidson Michael , Hicken Allen
Published: January 2022

In clientelistic environments, voters want to know which politicians are most likely to deliver on targeted benefits. We argue that in these contexts, voters use their social proximity with candidates as heuristics to inform vote choice. To test our theory, we rely on local naming conventions to reconstruct family networks spanning one whole city in the Philippines and assess blood and marriage links between voters and local candidates. We then collect survey data on pre-election candidate leanings and actual voting behavior of 894 randomly drawn voters. We show that the degrees of separation between voters and candidates explain not only aggregate electoral outcomes, as previous studies have found, but also individual vote choice, controlling for pre-election leanings. We demonstrate that this is because private inducements are channeled through family networks. These findings highlight the electoral importance of social proximity with politicians as an information shortcut when voters are choosing whom to support at the polls.
Conceptualizing and Measuring Citizens’ Preferences for Democracy: Taking Stock of Three Decades of Research in a Fragmented Field
Authors: König Pascal D. , Siewert Markus B. , Ackermann Kathrin
Published: January 2022

Research dealing with citizens’ preferences for different conceptions of democracy has grown and diversified greatly. This has resulted in a highly fragmented field in which empirical evidence cannot easily be integrated into a consistent larger picture. This systematic review takes stock of this research to uncover the roots of existing inconsistencies and to show how future research can avoid them. It maps three decades of research regarding conceptualizations and measurement approaches that have been chosen to study citizens’ preferences for democracy. By systematically carving out the variation in the chosen approaches, the review shows why existing research can hardly add up to a clear diagnosis regarding what kind of democracy citizens prefer. A critical discussion based on this review highlights that cumulative research will require a stronger conceptual and methodological integration between different strands in the literature.
Preference Distortion, Information Cost and Comparative Advantage: A Theoretical Quest to Claim Trade Posture in Post-Pandemic Era
Authors: Chatterjee Tonmoy , Dinda Soumyananda
Published: January 2022

This study argues that post-pandemic world may not necessarily follow the usual mechanism of trade. In fact, recent pandemic dragged down us to the trajectory of new normalcy. Economic behaviour under new normalcy has changed immensely following several distorted effects, namely preference distortion and information asymmetry. Such distortions change trade posture via gains from trade arguments under comparative advantage. Using the traditional Ricardian model with two countries, two goods and one factor, this study explores the effect of changes in consumer preferences on trade patterns based on comparative advantage and the significance of eliminating information uncertainty. To retain the pre-pandemic gains from such trade this study advocates for consideration of information cost associated with trade basket along with innovation. These results could be important for policymaking at least in post pandemic regime. Sensitivity analysis has also been constructed to capture the extent of changes in trade–autarky profit gaps. This study builds on the verge of economic crisis linking to pandemic and international trade.

JEL Codes: C70, D81, F11, L15
Dangerous Memory: An Antiracist Political Theology of the Cross
Authors: Gench Roger J.
Published: January 2022

The dangerous memory of the crucified and risen Jesus confronts the “lie” of racism, past and present. The cross and resurrection disrupt our forgetfulness about the lie and awaken memory of our complicity in the reality of racism and its ongoing diminishment of the lives of racially-minoritized people. Indeed, the dangerous memory embodied in the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus creates tension that evokes a relational and agitational community of resistance to racist ideas and policies.
Their Cross Problem and Ours: Thoughts on the Aesthetic of Crucifixion
Authors: Heim S. Mark
Published: January 2022

Contemporary Christian witness about the death of Jesus moves in a culture already saturated with an aesthetic or intuitive ethic of the crucifixion. That aesthetic has many features acquired though Christianity’s long social dominance. This essay focuses on one aspect, authentically derived from the distinctive understanding Christian faith attributed to the crucifixion. First, I describe the Roman context, and the natural “reading” of the image of a crucified person there, as the background to considering the absence of that image in early Christianity. This leads to exploration of the ways that early Christianity used a variety of typological images to weave a new frame of meaning around the crucifixion of Christ. Then, using Tom Holland’s recent historical synopsis of Christianity, I indicate how this new aesthetic of the cross lodged itself in shared cultural assumptions and perceptions. Finally, I consider the crucial American case of lynching, in which White Christian churches betrayed this distinctive meaning of the crucifixion, Black churches affirmed it, and the cultural aesthetic of crucifixion proved itself a key medium for resistance to lynching. Finally, I suggest some implications for church preaching and teaching in relation to the surrounding culture today.
Mending What Is Broken: The Logic of the Cross in 1 Corinthians
Authors: Watts Henderson Suzanne
Published: January 2022

In recent decades, scholars have come to see 1 Corinthians as a rhetorically unified response to the problem of divisions among Corinthian believers. This essay explores the ways in which Paul presents the cross as the organizing principle that can bind together three different forms of community division: the cult of the personality (1:10–4:21); the freedom to eat idol meat (8:1–11:1); and economic disparities when gathered for a meal (11:17–34). In each case, Paul appeals implicitly or explicitly to the cross as a remedy for the all-too-familiar strains on the fractured community. In the end, Paul’s countercultural message about the cross offers a word of exhortation for the American church today, as it navigates a society that shares much in common with first-century Corinth.
Agential realism and trans-corporeality in contemporary South Asian literature
Authors: Fourqurean Megan E.
Published: January 2022

South Asian literature has a history of engaging with ecocriticism and environmentalism from a postcolonial, locally specific perspective. New materialism shares this ecocritical commitment through its posthumanist conceptions of embodiment and material entanglement between human and nonhuman material agencies. Despite their common interest in alternative possibilities for human and nonhuman engagement, new materialism and South Asian literature have rarely come into meaningful contact with each other. My article seeks to bring both fields together by examining Kiran Desai's novel Hullabaloo in the Guava Orchard from a new materialist perspective, in which human and nonhuman characters interact with each other in imagining posthumanist possibilities of being in the world. I mobilise Karen Barad's agential realist theory and Stacy Alaimo's concept of trans-corporeality to argue that Desai's light-hearted comic satire raises important questions about environmental and human exploitation. Examinations of the local, national, global, and historical aspects of India's material reality reveal the agential realist nature of human and nonhuman interactions within the novel's rural postcolonial context. This reading expands the scope of new materialism into South Asian literature and furthers the possibility of using new materialist theory to engage with ecocriticism from a postcolonial perspective.
The role of the state in influencing work conditions in China's internet industry: Policy, evidence, and implications for industrial relations
Authors: Liu Hong Yu
Published: January 2022

While there is growing scholarly interest in work conditions in China's internet industry, many studies have focused exclusively on corporate employment relations strategies. By contrast, the article demonstrates the Chinese government's significant role in shaping the collective work experience in business reality. Drawing on three months of fieldwork in China, the findings suggest that the state's quest for technology supremacy has resulted in internet companies that compete ferociously, which in turn causes extreme working hours and burnout. The censorship of online labour activism and the ambiguity in court decisions also lower the interest of tech workers in organising and defending their labour rights. This study opens up an evidence-based debate on industrial relations in contemporary China and calls for more discussions on the state's role in shaping worker well-being and protection.
The Power of Profanity: The Meaning and Impact of Swear Words in Word of Mouth
Authors: Lafreniere Katherine C. , Moore Sarah G. , Fisher Robert J.
Published: January 2022

Swearing can violate norms and thereby offend consumers. Yet the prevalence of swear word use suggests that an offensiveness perspective may not fully capture their impact in marketing. This article adopts a linguistic perspective to develop and test a model of how, why, and when swear word use affects consumers in online word of mouth. In two field data sets and four experiments, the authors show that relative to reviews with no swear words, or with non-swear-word synonyms (e.g., super), reviews with swear words (e.g., damn) impact review readers. First, reviews with swear words are rated as more helpful. Second, when a swear word qualifies a desirable [undesirable] product attribute, readers’ attitudes toward the product increase [decrease] (e.g., “This dishwasher is damn quiet [loud]!”). Swear words impact readers because they convey meaning about (1) the reviewer and (2) the topic (product) under discussion. These two meanings function as independent, parallel mediators that drive the observed effects. Further, these effects are moderated by swear word number and style: they do not emerge when a review contains many swear words and are stronger for uncensored and euphemistic swear words (e.g., darn) than censored swear words (e.g., d*mn). Overall, swear words in reviews provide value to readers—and review platforms—because they efficiently and effectively convey two meanings.
Development and Psychometric Evaluation of a DSM-V-Based Social Networking Site Use Disorder Test: The SNS-DT-10
Authors: Sangchooli Arshiya , Hamzehzadeh Marziyeh , Rafiemanesh Hosein , Ghani Kamyar , Farnam Rabert , Rahimi-Movaghar Afarin
Published: January 2022

While the problematic use of Social Networking Sites (SNS) has been observed in some individuals, few validated and widely accepted measures are available to assess and screen for problematic use. This is an attempt at adapting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–based Internet Gaming Disorder Test-10 (IGDT-10) measure to assess SNS use disorder and problematic SNS use in the form of the SNS use disorder Test-10 (SNS-DT-10) questionnaire, and assessing its validity and reliability. The study was conducted in three phases: First, the IGDT-10 questionnaire was translated and adapted to assess SNS use disorder, and content validity was assessed. Then, a sample of 126 students from the Tehran University of Medical Sciences was used to determine internal consistency and construct validity using confirmatory factor analysis. Finally, retest data from 87 participants were used to estimate test–retest reliability. Item content validity indices were above .80 and scale content validity indices surpassed .83. The root mean square error of approximation for the 1-factor model was .04 and the comparative fit and Tucker–Lewis fit indices were .97 and .96, respectively, indicating appropriate construct validity. The intra-class correlation coefficient of the number of positive criteria for SNS use disorder was .81 and the Kappa coefficients for SNS use disorder and problematic SNS use were .85 and .57. Cronbach’s alpha was .79 for the entire questionnaire. Overall, the SNS-DT-10 questionnaire has appropriate content and construct validity, internal consistency, and test–retest reliability. Further validation of this questionnaire in larger and more diverse samples and comparison with professional clinical diagnostic interviews are warranted.
Optimization of spatial pipeline with multi-hoop supports for avoiding resonance problem based on genetic algorithm
Authors: Wang Donghai , Sun Wei , Gao Zhihui , Ma Hongwei
Published: January 2022

The reasonable layout of hoops can effectively avoid the excitation frequency of engine rotors and greatly reduce the vibration level of pipeline systems. In this study, a spatial pipeline supported by multi-hoops was taken as the object, the method of using genetic algorithm to efficiently obtain the optimal layout of hoops to avoid resonance was investigated. The finite element model of the pipeline system was created as the basic model of optimization, spring elements were applied to simulate the mechanical characteristics of hoop and the influence of spring element direction on the vibration characteristics of pipeline system were mainly described. In the optimization of avoiding resonance for spatial pipelines, the optimization goal was to maximize the first-order natural frequency, the positions of the hoops were converted into the node number as design variables, and the final optimization model of pipeline to avoid resonance was determined on the premise of reasonably setting of constraint conditions for design variables. The genetic algorithm was utilized to solve the optimization model, and two optimization methods were proposed, which were named as “genetic algorithm calling finite element model” and “genetic algorithm updating stiffness matrix” respectively. Finally, a case study was carried out to display the proposed methods. The maximum deviation between the calculation and the test results is less than 1.5% for the first three order natural frequencies, which proves the rationality of the created finite element model of spatial pipeline. Furthermore, the optimization practices show that the reasonable hoop layout of the pipeline system can be obtained by the two optimization methods, but the efficiency of the optimization performed by “genetic algorithm updating stiffness matrix” is much higher than that of “genetic algorithm calling finite element model”.
A Meta-Analysis: The Relationship Between the Parental Expectations Component of Parental Involvement with Students’ Academic Achievement
Authors: Jeynes William H.
Published: January 2022

This paper shares the results of a meta-analysis on the parental-expectations component of parental –involvement and its relationship with the student outcomes of urban students. Special attention is paid to parental expectations, because in many past studies, parental expectations has been the most salient component of parental involvement. This meta-analysis includes 54 quantitative studies that examined the relationship between the parental expectations component of parental involvement and the academic achievement of students. The results indicated that statistically significant effects emerged across students of different age groups, races, genders, and nationalities. The results were also substantial in the highest quality studies.
Rural students’ achievement goal orientation choices: A qualitative analysis of the influential individuals and factors
Authors: Sajedifard Mohammad , Sajedifard Zahra
Published: January 2022

This qualitative study aimed to investigate the influences on 32 rural Iranian high school students’ adoption of achievement goals. To this end, the high school students took part in individual semi-structured interviews. The outcomes indicated the high school students’ goal orientation adoption was impacted by a host of significant individuals in four contexts: (1) school (e.g. teachers, classmates), (2) family (e.g. parents, relatives), (3) rural community (e.g. neighbors and rural university graduates) and (4) media (e.g. counselors on TV). Likewise, various factors (i.e. social, psychological, economic, educational, rural, biological and religious) also appeared to influence their achievement goal adoption. Results may have implications for various stakeholders such as educational authorities, policy makers, researchers and significant others (e.g. teachers, counselors, parents, among many others).
Network Dynamics and Organizations: A Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Chen Hongzhi , Mehra Ajay , Tasselli Stefano , Borgatti Stephen P.
Published: January 2022

This paper reviews the growing body of work on network dynamics in organizational research, focusing on a corpus of 187 articles—both “micro” (i.e., interpersonal) and “macro” (i.e., interorganizational)—published between 2007 and 2020. We do not see “network dynamics” as a single construct; rather, it is an umbrella term covering a wide territory. In the first phase of our two-phase review, we present a taxonomy that organizes this territory into three categories: (1) network change (i.e., the emergence, evolution, and transformation of network ties and structures), (2) the occurrence of relational events (i.e., modeling the sequence of discrete actions generated by one actor and directed towards one or more other actors), and (3) coevolution (i.e., the process whereby network and actor attributes influence each other over time). Our review highlights differences between network dynamics based on relational states (e.g., a friendship) and relational events (e.g., an email message), examines the drivers and effects of network dynamics, and in a methodological appendix, clarifies the assumptions, strengths, and weaknesses of different analytical approaches for studying network dynamics. In the second phase of our review, we critically reflect on the findings from the first phase and sketch out a rough agenda for future research, organized in terms of four overarching themes: the interplay between the dynamics of social networks conceived as relational states and relational events, mechanisms underlying network dynamics, outcomes of network dynamics, and the role of cognition.
The association between the CT severity index and the pulmonary artery area in COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Ongen Gokhan , Gokalp Gokhan , Nas Omer Fatih , Ozpar Rifat , Candan Selman
Published: January 2022

Background

The pulmonary artery area (PAA) is a valuable non-invasive method for the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension.

Purpose

To compare the change in PAA in patients with COVID-19 with the computed tomography (CT) severity index using follow-up imaging.

Material and Methods

A total of 81 patients who were followed up and underwent CT assessment more than once at our hospital‘s pandemic department were evaluated retrospectively. Patients with progression were separated into three groups: progression ranging from mild-to-mild infiltration (Group A, CT severity index of 0–2); progression from mild to severe infiltration (Group B, CT severity index of 0-2 to 3–5); and progression from severe-to-severe infiltration (Group C, CT severity index of 3–5). The PAAs were calculated separately.

Results

The mean age was 56 ± 12 years. In terms of those patients showing progression in the CT images, the number of patients in Groups A, B, and C was 29, 40, and 12 in the right lung; 32, 45, and 4 in the left lung; 23, 45, and 13 on both lungs, respectively. There was no significant difference between the main, right, and left PAAs in Group A ( P > 0.05). In Group B, there were significant increases in the areas of the main, right, and left PAAs ( P < 0.05). There were also significant increases in the areas of the right and main pulmonary arteries in Group C ( P < 0.05).

Conclusion

PAAs increase as disease involvement advances in cases with COVID-19 pneumonia, which is thought to be correlated with progression.
Reluctant state capitalism: Antipathy, accommodation and hybridity in Irish telecommunications
Authors: Palcic Donal , Reeves Eoin , Whiteside Heather
Published: January 2022

The state capitalism literature emphasizes the new roles played by states in global politics and domestic economies through heightened intervention and ownership of key resources and sectors. In Ireland, we instead find a reluctant state capitalism evinced by antipathy towards state ownership, the accommodation of private sector failures and embrace of hybrid governance. Rather than something new and unprecedented, the Irish state has been a long-standing feature of domestic market development and an important institution supporting private enterprise today as in the past. Urging a more academically robust conceptualization of state capitalism, this paper relinquishes innate assumptions of obvious boundaries dividing liberalized capitalism from state capitalism in favour of engaging the domestic state and sectoral developments on their own terms and within their proper historical context. We find reluctant state capitalism in Ireland's telecommunications sector through a continuum of state–market involvement in four phases: commercial, devolving, evolving and partnership state capitalism. By identifying temporal phases of state capitalism, we move beyond the here-and-now of more contemporary ‘new’ state capitalism analyses that suggest rupture with an idealized, liberalized past.
Relational enforcement: The family and the expanding scope of border enforcement
Authors: Coddington Kate , Williams Jill M.
Published: January 2022

Scholars have increasingly focused on the role of the family within border enforcement practices. In this paper, we build on and extend these research efforts to propose a research agenda driven by a new understanding of the relationship between families and immigration enforcement. Drawing on examinations of emerging enforcement strategies, including family separation and public information campaigns, we suggest that the family as a social unit and set of relationships is increasingly targeted within the regulation of transnational migration, what we term “relational enforcement.” Greater attention to relational enforcement tactics, processes, and impacts helps to frame geographies of border enforcement.
The Irish Receipt Roll of 1301–2: Data Science and Medieval Exchequer Practice
Authors: Smith Brendan , Jones Mike
Published: January 2022

The English conquest and colonisation of Ireland, which began in the years around 1170 was accompanied by the introduction of an administrative system based on English models. From the point of view of the crown, perhaps the most important of the new offices of government that it established was the exchequer, which coordinated the financial exploitation of its Irish lordship. The exchequer generated a vast quantity of written documents recording its operations. This paper subjects one such document, detailing the sums received at the exchequer for the year 1301–2, to data science techniques in order to gain added insight into the routine functioning of the financial arm of English government in its oldest colony. It thereby also reveals previously unrecognised patterns in the nature of English power in Ireland. The purpose of the paper is not to assess the state of Irish finances in the early fourteenth century, but rather to argue that a deep reading of a single document produced by an elaborate bureaucratic system, combined with data science visualizations, can help to generate new research questions in relation to a substantial body of financial records which are soon to become more widely available to both scholars and the general public.
Respiratory health disorders among workers in some Egyptian welding enterprises
Authors: Abdel-Rasoul Gaafar M , El-Sayed Abu-Salem Mahmoud , Abdel-Azeem Salem Eman , Younis Faten E , Abdel-Monaem Amira M , Allam Heba K
Published: January 2022

Welding fumes contain a complex mixture of metallic oxides that pose a risk to welders' respiratory systems. This study aimed to evaluate respiratory health disorders among workers in some Egyptian welding enterprises and their relationship to the workplace environment. This research was performed from January 1st, 2019 to February 28th, 2021 in welding enterprises in Birket El-Sabaa, a randomly selected district of Menoufia governorate, Egypt. A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted on 110 welders and 110 non-occupationally exposed subjects. Environmental studies were carried out for total welding fumes, respirable dust, and manganese air levels. Spirometric measures and manganese levels in whole blood were applied. Analysis of the personal air samples revealed that the mean values of welding fumes, respirable dust, and manganese air levels were higher than the international permissible levels. Welders had a higher significant prevalence of respiratory manifestations (rhinitis, cough, expectoration, wheezes, dyspnea, and chronic bronchitis) as well as decreased spirometric measures (FVC%, FEV1%, FEV1/FVC%, and FEF25-75%) than controls. The mean value of whole blood manganese level was statistically significantly higher among welders than that of the controls (3.35 ± 0.5 and 1.81 ± 0.79 ng/mL; respectively). A significant relationship was reported between longer work time and the prevalence of respiratory manifestations and decreased spirometric measurements. The use of masks/respirators was associated with a reduced prevalence of respiratory manifestations. Finally, welders that are exposed to welding fumes at concentrations higher than the permissible levels in welding establishments suffer from adverse respiratory problems, as shown by increased prevalence of respiratory manifestations and lower spirometric measurements. Regular use of high-quality personal protective equipment, especially masks, as well as periodic medical examinations for welders, is highly urged.
Which is your favorite music genre? A validity comparison of Facebook data and survey data
Authors: Kmetty Zoltán , Németh Renáta
Published: January 2022

In this study, we use a parallel mixed-method data collection: a face-to-face survey combined with personal Facebook data archive collection. Our paper is the first attempt to cross-validate the self-reported musical preference with Facebook-based music preference classification. We primarily focused on operationalization-related questions and validity issues.

The results overall showed that the different measures have only moderate correlations with each other. Some genres measured similarly, but there were significant differences too. A good example of the latter is world-music. It was the second most preferred genre of the survey, but based on FB data it was at the lower end of the preference scale.

Digital data opens the possibility of examining topics we could not investigate, and re-examining topics with new approaches. However, all the data sources have their validity problems, and we need to consider many factors before we select a data source for analysis.
How digital are ‘digital natives’ actually? Developing an instrument to measure the degree of digitalisation of university students – the DDS-Index
Authors: Janschitz Gerlinde , Penker Matthias
Published: January 2022

Young People are still referred to as digital natives, although numerous studies have shown differences in their access to digital devices, Internet usage and attitude towards digitalisation. Such differences can lead to digital inequalities. In higher education digital inequalities among students are scarcely researched as it is assumed that university students possess crucial digital competencies which they have acquired at school and in everyday life through the use of digital devices and applications. However, research findings suggest that students cannot directly transfer their digital skills to their study situation. The presented study aims to measure the degree of digitalisation by means of an index, the DDS-Index, which was developed in the context of a large-scale survey among first-semester students in Austria (n=4,822). The DDS-Index maps the degree of digitalisation of students on a range of 0 to 100 points. This paper outlines the development and assessment of the DDS-Index and uses it to analyse differences in the degree of digitalisation of students in order to draw conclusions about a digital divide at universities.
New Nurses’ Perceptions on Transition to Practice: A Thematic Analysis
Authors: Hallaran Amy J , Edge Dana S , Almost Joan , Tregunno Deborah
Published: January 2022

Background

New nurses’ transition to the workforce is often described as challenging and stressful. Concerns over this transition to practice are well documented, with the hypothesis that transition experiences influence the retention of new nurses in the workforce and profession.

Methods

In a cross-sectional survey ( N = 217) to assess new nurse transition in the province of Ontario, Canada, an open-ended item was included to solicit specific examples of the transition experience. The comments underwent thematic analysis to identify the facilitators and barriers of transition to practice for new nurses.

Results

Comments were provided by 196 respondents. Three facilitator themes (supportive teams; feeling accepted, confident, and prepared; new graduate guarantee) and four barrier themes (feeling unprepared; discouraging realities and unsupportive cultures; lacking confidence/feeling unsure; false hope) to new nurse transition emerged.

Conclusions

Concerns of nursing shortages are heightened in the current COVID-19 pandemic, reinforcing the priority of retaining new nurses in the workforce. The reported themes offer insight into the contribution of a supportive work environment to new nurses’ transition. The recommendations focus on aspects of supportive environments and educational strategies, including final practicums, to assist nursing students’ development of self-efficacy and preparation for the workplace.
Extending the Phenotype Related to SCN1A Gene: Arthrogryposis, Movement Disorders, and Malformations of Cortical Development
Authors: Marco-Hernández Ana Victoria , Caro-Llopis Alfonso , Rubio Sánchez Pilar , Martínez Martínez Juan Carlos , Tomás Vila Miguel , Monfort Sandra , Martínez Francisco
Published: January 2022

Background

Expand the knowledge about the clinical phenotypes associated with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in the SCN1A gene.

Methods

The study was carried out in 15 patients with SCN1A variants. The complete phenotype of the patients was evaluated. A systematic search was carried out in the scientific literature for those unexpected symptoms.

Results

Ten patients showed a missense variant, whereas the remaining showed different loss-of-function variants. Twelve (80%) had Dravet syndrome. Two (13.3%) had Epilepsy with febrile seizures plus. Three (20%) presented an atypical phenotype. One of them was developmental and epileptic encephalopathy with arthrogryposis, the other Dravet syndrome and movement disorder, and lastly one patient had Dravet syndrome and malformations of the cortical development.

Conclusion

The exhaustive assessment of patients with pathogenic alterations detected in massive sequencing can help us to expand the phenotype, understand the etiopathogenesis associated with each genetic abnormality, and thus improve the prognosis and management of future patients.