bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DOC Transport and Export in a Dynamic Tropical Catchment
Authors: Sánchez‐Murillo R. , Romero‐Esquivel L. G. , Jiménez‐Antillón J. , Salas‐Navarro J. , Corrales‐Salazar L. , Álvarez‐Carvajal J. , Álvarez‐McInerney S. , Bonilla‐Barrantes D. , Gutiérrez‐Sibaja N. , Martínez‐Arroyo M. , Ortiz‐Apuy E. , Salgado‐Lobo J. , Villalobos‐Morales J. , Esquivel‐Hernández G. , Rojas‐Jiménez L. D. , Gómez‐Castro C. , Jiménez‐Madrigal Q. , Vargas‐Gutiérrez O. , Birkel C.
Published: June 2019

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) transport and export from headwater forests into freshwaters in highly dynamic tropical catchments are still understudied. Here we present a DOC analysis (2017) in a pristine and small (~2.6 km2) tropical catchment of Costa Rica. Storm flows governed a rapid surface and lateral allochthonous DOC transport (62.2% of the annual DOC export). Cross‐correlation analysis of rainfall and stream discharge indicated that DOC transport occurred on average ~1.25 hr after the rainfall maxima, with large contributions of event water, ranging from 42.4±0.3% up to 98.2±0.3% of the total discharge. Carbon export flux (annual mean=6.7±0.1 g C · m‐2 · year‐1) was greater than values reported in subtropical and temperate catchments. Specific ultraviolet absorbance indicated a mixture of hydrophobic humic and hydrophilic nonhumic matter during both baseflow and storm events. Our results highlight the rapid storm‐driven DOC transport and export as well as low biogeochemical attenuation during baseflow episodes in a climate sensitive hot spot. By understanding the key factors controlling the amount of organic carbon transported to streams in dynamic tropical landscapes, better global‐ and catchment‐scale model assessments, conservation practices, and water treatment innovations can be identified.
Bed Load Sediment Transport and Morphological Evolution in a Degrading Uniform Sediment Channel Under Unsteady Flow Hydrographs
Authors: Wang Le , Cuthbertson Alan , Pender Gareth , Zhong Deyu
Published: June 2019

Flume experiments are conducted to investigate the intrinsic links between time‐varying bed load transport properties for uniform sediments and bed surface morphology under unsteady hydrograph flows, in the absence of upstream sediment supply. These conditions are representative of regulated river reaches (e.g., downstream of a dam) that are subject to natural flood discharges or managed water releases, resulting in net degradation of the river bed. The results demonstrate that the hydrograph magnitude and unsteadiness have significant impacts on sediment transport rates and yields, as well as hysteresis patterns and yield ratios generated during the rising and falling limbs. A new hydrograph descriptor combining the influence of total water work and unsteadiness on bed load transport is shown to delineate these hysteresis patterns and yield ratios while correlating strongly with overall sediment yields. This provides an important parametric link between unsteady hydrograph flow conditions, bed load transport, and bed surface degradation under imposed zero sediment feed conditions. As such, maximum bed erosion depths and the longitudinal bed degradation profiles along the flume are strongly dependent on the magnitude of this new hydrograph descriptor. Similarly, nonequilibrium bedforms generated along the flume indicate that formative conditions for alternate bars, mixed bar/dunes, or dunes are defined reasonably well by an existing morphological model and the new hydrograph descriptor. These findings provide a new framework for improved predictive capabilities for sediment transport and morphodynamic response in regulated rivers to natural or imposed unsteady flows, while their wider application to graded sediments is also considered.
Water Mass Evolution and Circulation of the Northeastern Chukchi Sea in Summer: Implications for Nutrient Distributions
Authors: Lin Peigen , Pickart Robert S. , McRaven Leah T. , Arrigo Kevin R. , Bahr Frank , Lowry Kate E. , Stockwell Dean A. , Mordy Calvin W.
Published: June 2019

Synoptic and historical shipboard data, spanning the period 1981–2017, are used to investigate the seasonal evolution of water masses on the northeastern Chukchi shelf and quantify the circulation patterns and their impact on nutrient distributions. We find that Alaskan coastal water extends to Barrow Canyon along the coastal pathway, with peak presence in September, while the Pacific Winter Water (WW) continually drains off the shelf through the summer. The depth‐averaged circulation under light winds is characterized by a strong Alaskan Coastal Current (ACC) and northward flow through Central Channel. A portion of the Central Channel flow recirculates anticyclonically to join the ACC, while the remainder progresses northeastward to Hanna Shoal where it bifurcates around both sides of the shoal. All of the branches converge southeast of the shoal and eventually join the ACC. The wind‐forced response has two regimes: In the coastal region the circulation depends on wind direction, while on the interior shelf the circulation is sensitive to wind stress curl. In the most common wind‐forced state—northeasterly winds and anticyclonic wind stress curl—the ACC reverses, the Central Channel flow penetrates farther north, and there is mass exchange between the interior and coastal regions. In September and October, the region southeast of Hanna Shoal is characterized by elevated amounts of WW, a shallower pycnocline, and higher concentrations of nitrate. Sustained late‐season phytoplankton growth spurred by this pooling of nutrients could result in enhanced vertical export of carbon to the seafloor, contributing to the maintenance of benthic hotspots in this region.
Effect of Mesoscale Oceanic Eddies on Extratropical Cyclogenesis: A Tracking Approach
Authors: Zhang Xingzhi , Ma Xiaohui , Wu Lixin
Published: June 2019

Oceanic eddies populated in the western boundary current regions in the midlatitude have been found to exert significant influence on atmospheric boundary layer, storm tracks, and large‐scale atmospheric circulation. However, mechanisms governing how mesoscale sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies associated with oceanic eddies affect extratropical cyclogenesis remains unclear. Here, we investigate the influence of Kuroshio oceanic eddies on cyclogenesis in the North Pacific in high resolution climate model simulations using a cyclone tracking approach. Based on cyclone tracking and composite analyses, we find that presence of mesoscale SST anomalies almost doubles water vapor supply, leading to significant increase of diabatic heating release and eddy potential energy to eddy kinetic energy conversion and thus supporting stronger storm growth rate and intensified cyclones. This finding implies that moisture process is the key linking mesoscale oceanic eddies in the western boundary current regions with storm tracks in the midlatitude.
Random Force Perturbations: A New Extension of the Cell Perturbation Method for Turbulence Generation in Multiscale Atmospheric Boundary Layer Simulations
Authors: Mazzaro L. J. , Koo E. , Muñoz‐Esparza D. , Lundquist J. K. , Linn R. R.
Published: June 2019

Coupling between mesoscale and large eddy simulation (LES) is critically important for many atmospheric model applications, from predictions of wind energy to fire propagation. The grid‐nesting technique enables bridging between vastly different scales without incurring prohibitive computational costs. However, the transition from coarser to finer resolutions often requires a large number of grid points from inflow boundaries for the development of fine‐scale turbulence features in the LES domain. Recently, the cell perturbation method (CPM) was developed to reduce the turbulence development region with high computational efficiency. Herein, we explore a new method based on the CPM that uses force perturbations in both the horizontal and vertical directions (Force Cell Perturbation Method) instead of the potential temperature perturbations in the original CPM, as an attempt to further explore the performance of the random perturbation techniques. This approach is tested for a neutral and a convective atmospheric boundary layer under idealized conditions. Overall, similar performance is found between the optimal configurations of the CPM and the Force Cell Perturbation Method pointing to the robustness of this family of perturbation methods in accelerating turbulence generation in nested domains. Vertical force perturbations performed better than horizontal force perturbations for both atmospheric stability conditions. The CPM performed best under convective stability conditions. The combination of the force and potential temperature perturbations is found to provide no additional performance improvement over the stand‐alone application of the individual methods.
Polygenic risk associated with post-traumatic stress disorder onset and severity
Authors: Misganaw Burook , Guffanti Guia , Lori Adriana , Abu-Amara Duna , Flory Janine D. ,   SBPBC, Hammamieh Rasha , Gautam Aarti , Yang Ruoting , Daigle Bernie J. , Hood Leroy , Wang Kai , Lee Inyoul , Mellon Synthia H. , Wolkowitz Owen M. , Mueller Susanne , Yehuda Rachel , Jett Marti , Marmar Charles R. , Ressler Kerry J. , Doyle Francis J.
Published: June 2019

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric illness with a highly polygenic architecture without large effect-size common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Thus, to capture a substantial portion of the genetic contribution, effects from many variants need to be aggregated. We investigated various aspects of one such approach that has been successfully applied to many traits, polygenic risk score (PRS) for PTSD. Theoretical analyses indicate the potential prediction ability of PRS. We used the latest summary statistics from the largest published genome-wide association study (GWAS) conducted by Psychiatric Genomics Consortium for PTSD (PGC-PTSD). We found that the PRS constructed for a cohort comprising veterans of recent wars (n = 244) explains a considerable proportion of PTSD onset (Nagelkerke R2 = 4.68%, P = 0.003) and severity (R2 = 4.35%, P = 0.0008) variances. However, the performance on an African ancestry sub-cohort was minimal. A PRS constructed with schizophrenia GWAS also explained a significant fraction of PTSD diagnosis variance (Nagelkerke R2 = 2.96%, P = 0.0175), confirming previously reported genetic correlation between the two psychiatric ailments. Overall, these findings demonstrate the important role polygenic analyses of PTSD will play in risk prediction models as well as in elucidating the biology of the disorder.
Comprehensive study of nuclear receptor DNA binding provides a revised framework for understanding receptor specificity
Authors: Penvose Ashley , Keenan Jessica L. , Bray David , Ramlall Vijendra , Siggers Trevor
Published: June 2019

The type II nuclear receptors (NRs) function as heterodimeric transcription factors with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) to regulate diverse biological processes in response to endogenous ligands and therapeutic drugs. DNA-binding specificity has been proposed as a primary mechanism for NR gene regulatory specificity. Here we use protein-binding microarrays (PBMs) to comprehensively analyze the DNA binding of 12 NR:RXRα dimers. We find more promiscuous NR-DNA binding than has been reported, challenging the view that NR binding specificity is defined by half-site spacing. We show that NRs bind DNA using two distinct modes, explaining widespread NR binding to half-sites in vivo. Finally, we show that the current models of NR specificity better reflect binding-site activity rather than binding-site affinity. Our rich dataset and revised NR binding models provide a framework for understanding NR regulatory specificity and will facilitate more accurate analyses of genomic datasets.
In vivo nuclear capture and molecular profiling identifies Gmeb1 as a transcriptional regulator essential for dopamine neuron function
Authors: Tuesta Luis M. , Djekidel Mohamed N. , Chen Renchao , Lu Falong , Wang Wengang , Sabatini Bernardo L. , Zhang Yi
Published: June 2019

Midbrain dopamine (mDA) neurons play a central role in reward signaling and are widely implicated in psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. To understand how mDA neurons perform these functions, it is important to understand how mDA-specific genes are regulated. However, cellular heterogeneity in the mammalian brain presents a major challenge to obtaining this understanding. To this end, we developed a virus-based approach to label and capture mDA nuclei for transcriptome (RNA-Seq), and low-input chromatin accessibility (liDNase-Seq) profiling, followed by predictive modeling to identify putative transcriptional regulators of mDA neurons. Using this method, we identified Gmeb1, a transcription factor predicted to regulate expression of Th and Dat, genes critical for dopamine synthesis and reuptake, respectively. Gmeb1 knockdown in mDA neurons resulted in downregulation of Th and Dat, as well as in severe motor deficits. This study thus identifies Gmeb1 as a master regulator of mDA gene expression and function, and provides a general method for identifying cell type-specific transcriptional regulators.
APC/CCDH1 synchronizes ribose-5-phosphate levels and DNA synthesis to cell cycle progression
Authors: Li Yang , Yao Cui-Fang , Xu Fu-Jiang , Qu Yuan-Yuan , Li Jia-Tao , Lin Yan , Cao Zhong-Lian , Lin Peng-Cheng , Xu Wei , Zhao Shi-Min , Zhao Jian-Yuan
Published: June 2019

Accumulation of nucleotide building blocks prior to and during S phase facilitates DNA duplication. Herein, we find that the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) synchronizes ribose-5-phosphate levels and DNA synthesis during the cell cycle. In late G1 and S phases, transketolase-like 1 (TKTL1) is overexpressed and forms stable TKTL1-transketolase heterodimers that accumulate ribose-5-phosphate. This accumulation occurs by asymmetric production of ribose-5-phosphate from the non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and prevention of ribose-5-phosphate removal by depleting transketolase homodimers. In the G2 and M phases after DNA synthesis, expression of the APC/C adaptor CDH1 allows APC/CCDH1 to degrade D-box-containing TKTL1, abrogating ribose-5-phosphate accumulation by TKTL1. TKTL1-overexpressing cancer cells exhibit elevated ribose-5-phosphate levels. The low CDH1 or high TKTL1-induced accumulation of ribose-5-phosphate facilitates nucleotide and DNA synthesis as well as cell cycle progression in a ribose-5-phosphate-saturable manner. Here we reveal that the cell cycle control machinery regulates DNA synthesis by mediating ribose-5-phosphate sufficiency.
Enantioselective synthesis of cis-hydrobenzofurans bearing all-carbon quaternary stereocenters and application to total synthesis of (‒)-morphine
Authors: Zhang Qing , Zhang Fu-Min , Zhang Chang-Sheng , Liu Si-Zhan , Tian Jin-Miao , Wang Shao-Hua , Zhang Xiao-Ming , Tu Yong-Qiang
Published: June 2019

(‒)-Morphine, which is selected as an essential medicine by World Health Organization, is widely applied in the treatment of the pain-related diseases. Due to its synthetically challenging molecular architecture and important clinical role, extensive synthetic studies of morphine-type alkaloids have been conducted. However, catalytic asymmetric total synthesis of (‒)-morphine remains a long-standing challenge. Here, we disclose an efficient enantioselective total synthesis of (‒)-morphine in a longest linear sequence of 16 steps. The key transformation features a highly enantioselective Robinson annulation enabled by our spiro-pyrrolidine catalyst to rapidly construct the densely functionalized cis-hydrodibenzofuran framework containing vicinal stereocenters with an all-carbon quaternary center. This asymmetric approach provides an alternative strategy for the synthesis of (‒)-morphine and its analogues.
Anatomy of the energetic driving force for charge generation in organic solar cells
Authors: Nakano Kyohei , Chen Yujiao , Xiao Bo , Han Weining , Huang Jianming , Yoshida Hiroyuki , Zhou Erjun , Tajima Keisuke
Published: June 2019

Eliminating the excess energetic driving force in organic solar cells leads to a smaller energy loss and higher device performance; hence, it is vital to understand the relation between the interfacial energetics and the photoelectric conversion efficiency. In this study, we systematically investigate 16 combinations of four donor polymers and four acceptors in planar heterojunction. The charge generation efficiency and its electric field dependence correlate with the energy difference between the singlet excited state and the interfacial charge transfer state. The threshold energy difference is 0.2 to 0.3 eV, below which the efficiency starts dropping and the charge generation becomes electric field-dependent. In contrast, the charge generation efficiency does not correlate with the energy difference between the charge transfer and the charge-separated states, indicating that the binding of the charge pairs in the charge transfer state is not the determining factor for the charge generation.
Comprehensive analysis of coding variants highlights genetic complexity in developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Takata Atsushi , Nakashima Mitsuko , Saitsu Hirotomo , Mizuguchi Takeshi , Mitsuhashi Satomi , Takahashi Yukitoshi , Okamoto Nobuhiko , Osaka Hitoshi , Nakamura Kazuyuki , Tohyama Jun , Haginoya Kazuhiro , Takeshita Saoko , Kuki Ichiro , Okanishi Tohru , Goto Tomohide , Sasaki Masayuki , Sakai Yasunari , Miyake Noriko , Miyatake Satoko , Tsuchida Naomi , Iwama Kazuhiro , Minase Gaku , Sekiguchi Futoshi , Fujita Atsushi , Imagawa Eri , Koshimizu Eriko , Uchiyama Yuri , Hamanaka Kohei , Ohba Chihiro , Itai Toshiyuki , Aoi Hiromi , Saida Ken , Sakaguchi Tomohiro , Den Kouhei , Takahashi Rina , Ikeda Hiroko , Yamaguchi Tokito , Tsukamoto Kazuki , Yoshitomi Shinsaku , Oboshi Taikan , Imai Katsumi , Kimizu Tomokazu , Kobayashi Yu , Kubota Masaya , Kashii Hirofumi , Baba Shimpei , Iai Mizue , Kira Ryutaro , Hara Munetsugu , Ohta Masayasu , Miyata Yohane , Miyata Rie , Takanashi Jun-ichi , Matsui Jun , Yokochi Kenji , Shimono Masayuki , Amamoto Masano , Takayama Rumiko , Hirabayashi Shinichi , Aiba Kaori , Matsumoto Hiroshi , Nabatame Shin , Shiihara Takashi , Kato Mitsuhiro , Matsumoto Naomichi
Published: June 2019

Although there are many known Mendelian genes linked to epileptic or developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (EE/DEE), its genetic architecture is not fully explained. Here, we address this incompleteness by analyzing exomes of 743 EE/DEE cases and 2366 controls. We observe that damaging ultra-rare variants (dURVs) unique to an individual are significantly overrepresented in EE/DEE, both in known EE/DEE genes and the other non-EE/DEE genes. Importantly, enrichment of dURVs in non-EE/DEE genes is significant, even in the subset of cases with diagnostic dURVs (P = 0.000215), suggesting oligogenic contribution of non-EE/DEE gene dURVs. Gene-based analysis identifies exome-wide significant (P = 2.04 × 10−6) enrichment of damaging de novo mutations in NF1, a gene primarily linked to neurofibromatosis, in infantile spasm. Together with accumulating evidence for roles of oligogenic or modifier variants in severe neurodevelopmental disorders, our results highlight genetic complexity in EE/DEE, and indicate that EE/DEE is not an aggregate of simple Mendelian disorders.
Accounting for corner flow unifies the understanding of droplet formation in microfluidic channels
Authors: Korczyk Piotr M. , van Steijn Volkert , Blonski Slawomir , Zaremba Damian , Beattie David A. , Garstecki Piotr
Published: June 2019

While shear emulsification is a well understood industrial process, geometrical confinement in microfluidic systems introduces fascinating complexity, so far prohibiting complete understanding of droplet formation. The size of confined droplets is controlled by the ratio between shear and capillary forces when both are of the same order, in a regime known as jetting, while being surprisingly insensitive to this ratio when shear is orders of magnitude smaller than capillary forces, in a regime known as squeezing. Here, we reveal that further reduction of—already negligibly small—shear unexpectedly re-introduces the dependence of droplet size on shear/capillary-force ratio. For the first time we formally account for the flow around forming droplets, to predict and discover experimentally an additional regime—leaking. Our model predicts droplet size and characterizes the transitions from leaking into squeezing and from squeezing into jetting, unifying the description for confined droplet generation, and offering a practical guide for applications.
Diffusing wave paradox of phototactic particles in traveling light pulses
Authors: Lozano Celia , Bechinger Clemens
Published: June 2019

Cells navigate through complex surroundings by following cues from their environment. A prominent example is Dictyostelium, which is directed by chemotaxis towards regions with higher concentrations. In the presence of traveling chemical waves, however, amoebae migrate counter to the running wave. Such behavior, referred to as diffusing wave paradox, suggests the existence of adaptation and directional memory. Here we experimentally investigate the response of phototactic self-propelled microparticles to traveling light-pulses. Despite their entirely memory-less (i.e., strictly local) response to the environment, we observe the same phenomenological behavior, i.e., particle motion counter to the pulse direction. Our findings are supported by a minimal model which considers active particle reorientations within local light gradients. The complex and robust behavior of synthetic active particles to spatially and temporally varying stimuli enables new strategies for achieving collective behavior and can be used for the design of micro-robotic systems with limited signal-processing capabilities.
Microstructure arrays of DNA using topographic control
Authors: Cha Yun Jeong , Park Soon Mo , You Ra , Kim Hyoungsoo , Yoon Dong Ki
Published: June 2019

DNA is a common biomaterial in nature as well as a good building block for producing useful structures, due to its fine feature size and liquid crystalline phase. Here, we demonstrate that a combination of shear-induced flow and microposts can be used to create various kinds of interesting microstructure DNA arrays. Our facile method provides a platform for forming multi-scale hierarchical orientations of soft- and biomaterials, using a process of simple shearing and controlled evaporation on a patterned substrate. This approach enables potential patterning applications using DNA or other anisotropic biomaterials based on their unique structural characteristics.
The mechanism of tidal triggering of earthquakes at mid-ocean ridges
Authors: Scholz Christopher H. , Tan Yen Joe , Albino Fabien
Published: June 2019

The strong tidal triggering of mid-ocean ridge earthquakes has remained unexplained because the earthquakes occur preferentially during low tide, when normal faulting earthquakes should be inhibited. Using Axial Volcano on the Juan de Fuca ridge as an example, we show that the axial magma chamber inflates/deflates in response to tidal stresses, producing Coulomb stresses on the faults that are opposite in sign to those produced by the tides. When the magma chamber’s bulk modulus is sufficiently low, the phase of tidal triggering is inverted. We find that the stress dependence of seismicity rate conforms to triggering theory over the entire tidal stress range. There is no triggering stress threshold and stress shadowing is just a continuous function of stress decrease. We find the viscous friction parameter A to be an order of magnitude smaller than laboratory measurements. The high tidal sensitivity at Axial Volcano results from the shallow earthquake depths.
Electrochemical properties of fluorinated boron-doped diamond electrodesviafluorine-containing plasma treatment
Authors: Yamaguchi Chizu , Natsui Keisuke , Iizuka Shota , Tateyama Yoshitaka , Einaga Yasuaki
Published: June 2019

It was systematically demonstrated that the electrochemical properties of fluorinated boron-doped diamond electrodes could be attributed to interfacial band bending.
Correction: A new approach to find biomarkers in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) by single-cell Raman micro-spectroscopy
Authors: Xu Jiabao , Potter Michelle , Tomas Cara , Elson Joanna L. , Morten Karl J. , Poulton Joanna , Wang Ning , Jin Hanqing , Hou Zhaoxu , Huang Wei E.
Published: June 2019

Correction for ‘A new approach to find biomarkers in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) by single-cell Raman micro-spectroscopy’ by Jiabao Xu et al., Analyst, 2019, 144, 913–920.
Rapid growth of fully-inorganic flexible CaxCoO2 thin films from a ligand free aqueous precursor ink for thermoelectric applications
Authors: Sinha Tridib Kumar , Lee Jinho , Kim Jin Kuk , Ray Samit K. , Paul Biplab
Published: June 2019

We report a ligand-free green approach to rapidly grow flexible nanoporous Ca0.35CoO2 thin films from a stable precursor-ink for wide temperature-range thermoelectric applications.
Covalently bound monolayer patterns obtained by plasma etching on glass surfaces
Authors: Willems Stan B. J. , Schijven Laura M. I. , Bunschoten Anton , van Leeuwen Fijs W. B. , Velders Aldrik H. , Saggiomo Vittorio
Published: June 2019

Plasma etching: a reproducible, simple and fast method for creating unconventional sub-10 μm patterns without the need of a clean room.
Unique supramolecular complex of diclofenac: structural robustness, crystal-to-crystal solvent exchange, and mechanochemical synthesis
Authors: Zheng Qixuan , Rood Samantha L. , Unruh Daniel K. , Hutchins Kristin M.
Published: June 2019

A cyclic supramolecular complex sustained by strong and weak hydrogen bonds exhibits thermal robustness and crystal-to-crystal solvent exchange ability.
Metal-free defluorinative arylation of trifluoromethyl alkenes via photoredox catalysis
Authors: Wiles Rebecca J. , Phelan James P. , Molander Gary A.
Published: June 2019

Photoredox catalysis, using an organic photocatalyst and silanol reagent, enables the metal-free generation of aryl radicals to synthesize diverse gem-difluoroalkenes.
The high-pressure and low-temperature structural behaviour of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol
Authors: Barnett S. A. , Allan D. R.
Published: June 2019

Polymorphic crystal structures have been determined for 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol by using the in situ crystallography techniques of high pressure and cryo-cooling.
Synthesis of copper(i) cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene complexes with potentially bidentate N^N, N^S and S^S ligands for efficient white photoluminescence
Authors: Romanov Alexander S. , Chotard Florian , Rashid Jahan , Bochmann Manfred
Published: June 2019

Copper(i) complexes of cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes coordinated to monodentate or hemilabile guanidinato and formamidinato complexes show intense photoluminescence including white emissions.
The effect of copper nanoparticles on olfaction in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Razmara Parastoo , Lari Ebrahim , Mohaddes Effat , Zhang Yueyang , Goss Greg G. , Pyle Greg G.
Published: June 2019

Copper nanoparticles and copper ions exert a different time-dependent toxicity pattern in rainbow trout olfactory system.
Soap- and metal-free polystyrene latex particles as a nanoplastic model
Authors: Pessoni Laurence , Veclin Cloé , El Hadri Hind , Cugnet Cyril , Davranche Mélanie , Pierson-Wickmann Anne-Catherine , Gigault Julien , Grassl Bruno , Reynaud Stéphanie
Published: June 2019

Additive free, morphology control, and ageing surface mimicking, are the key parameters defining the alternative NPT models and their effects towards the NPT-trace metals interactions for environmental applications.
Dissolution kinetics of zinc oxide nanoparticles: real-time monitoring using a Zn2+-specific fluorescent probe
Authors: Leung Chun Yat , Tu Yujie , Tang Ben Zhong , Wang Wen-Xiong
Published: June 2019

A fluorescence method was employed to monitor the real-time dissolution kinetics of zinc oxide nanoparticles.
Challenges in the decomposition of 2D NMR spectra of mixtures of small molecules
Authors: Cherni Afef , Piersanti Elena , Anthoine Sandrine , Chaux Caroline , Shintu Laetitia , Yemloul Mehdi , Torrésani Bruno
Published: June 2019

In this paper we present a general approach for the blind identification of compounds from solutions using NMR spectroscopy and blind source separation algorithms.
Learning-accelerated discovery of immune-tumour interactions
Authors: Ozik Jonathan , Collier Nicholson , Heiland Randy , An Gary , Macklin Paul
Published: June 2019

An integrated computational framework utilizing PhysiCell and EMEWS for design-space identification and feature optimization of tumour immunotherapy.
Rational design of a BIAN-based multi-functional additive for higher durability and performance of LiMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3O2 cathodes
Authors: Patnaik Sai Gourang , Vedarajan Raman , Matsumi Noriyoshi
Published: June 2019

A systematic design strategy for electrolyte additives in high voltage cathodes is reported with theoretical inputs and experimental results.
Vanadyl phthalocyanines on graphene/SiC(0001): toward a hybrid architecture for molecular spin qubits
Authors: Cimatti I. , Bondì L. , Serrano G. , Malavolti L. , Cortigiani B. , Velez-Fort E. , Betto D. , Ouerghi A. , Brookes N. B. , Loth S. , Mannini M. , Totti F. , Sessoli R.
Published: June 2019

VOPc maintains an “oxygen-up” orientation and its spin on graphene is S = 1/2: this is an interesting system for qubit applications.
Restoring the intrinsic optical properties of CVD-grown MoS2 monolayers and their heterostructures
Authors: Kojima Kana , Lim Hong En , Liu Zheng , Zhang Wenjin , Saito Tetsuki , Nakanishi Yusuke , Endo Takahiko , Kobayashi Yu , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Matsuda Kazunari , Maniwa Yutaka , Miyauchi Yuhei , Miyata Yasumitsu
Published: June 2019

The suspension technique can restore the optical properties of CVD-grown MoS2 and MoS2/WS2 heterostructures.
Memristive devices based on emerging two-dimensional materials beyond graphene
Authors: Zhang Lei , Gong Tian , Wang Huide , Guo Zhinan , Zhang Han
Published: June 2019

Review of the most recent progress on memristive devices based on 2D materials beyond graphene.
Metastasis manners and the underlying mechanisms of ALK and ROS1 rearrangement lung cancer and current possible therapeutic strategies
Authors: Chang Xing , Liu Zi , Man Shuai , Roys Annie , Li Zengqiang , Zuo Daiying , Wu Yingliang
Published: June 2019

The rearrangements of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and the c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) have both been important driving factors in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Magneto-thermochromic coupling Janus sphere for dual response display
Authors: Cui Yiwen , Wang Yu , Wu Jie , He Xiaokang , Xuan Shouhu , Gong Xinglong
Published: June 2019

This work demonstrates a simple microfluidic device to synthesize a magneto-thermochromic sphere with Janus inner structure.
Porcine hepatocytes culture on biofunctionalized 3D inverted colloidal crystal scaffolds as anin vitromodel for predicting drug hepatotoxicity
Authors: Wu Lingyan , Ferracci Gaia , Wang Yan , Fan Teng Fei , Cho Nam-Joon , Chow Pierce K. H.
Published: June 2019

As drug-induced hepatotoxicity represents one of the most common causes of drug failure, three-dimensionalin vitroliver platforms represent a fantastic toolbox to predict drug toxicity and reducein vivostudies and drug attrition rates.
Lewis acidic FeCl3promoted 2-aza-Cope rearrangement to afford α-substituted homoallylamines in dimethyl carbonate
Authors: Gadde Karthik , Daelemans Jonas , Maes Bert U. W. , Abbaspour Tehrani Kourosch
Published: June 2019

The current work shows an iron-catalyzed 2-aza-Cope rearrangement in dimethyl carbonate for the synthesis of a wide variety of α-substituted homoallylamines from readily accessible starting materials with diverse functional groups.
What you see is what you learn? The role of visual model comprehension for academic success in chemistry
Authors: Dickmann Thomas , Opfermann Maria , Dammann Elmar , Lang Martin , Rumann Stefan
Published: June 2019

Visualizations and visual models are of substantial importance for science learning (Harrison and Treagust, 2000), and it seems impossible to study chemistry without visualizations. More specifically, the combination of visualizations with text is especially beneficial for learning when dual coding is fostered (Mayer, 2014). However, at the same time, comprehending the visualizations and visual models appears to be rather difficult for learners (e.g., Johnstone, 2000). This may be one reason for the difficulties students experience especially during the university entry phase, which in a worst-case-scenario can result in high university drop-out rates as they are currently found in science-related study courses (Chen, 2013). In this regard, our study investigates, how the ability to handle and learn with visualizations – which we call visual model comprehension – relates to academic success at the beginning of chemistry studies. To do so, we collected the data of 275 chemistry-freshmen during their first university year. Our results show that visual model comprehension is a key factor for students to be successful in chemistry courses. For instance, visual model comprehension is able to predict exam grades in introductory chemistry courses as well as general chemistry content knowledge. Furthermore, our analyses point out that visual model comprehension acts as a mediator for the relation between prior knowledge and (acquired) content knowledge in chemistry studies. Given this obvious importance of visual model comprehension, our findings could give valuable insights regarding approaches to foster chemistry comprehension and learning especially for students at the beginning of their academic career.
Intracellular MicroRNA imaging using telomerase-catalyzed FRET ratioflares with signal amplification
Authors: Xian Liman , Ge Haoying , Xu Feng , Xu Ning , Fan Jiangli , Shao Kun , Peng Xiaojun
Published: June 2019

Telomerase participation causes microRNA circulation in a testing system, which reliably enhances the difference between cancer cells and normal cells.
Irradiance and temperature considerations in the design and deployment of high annual energy yield perovskite/CIGS tandems
Authors: Hosseinian Ahangharnejhad Ramez , Phillips Adam B. , Ghimire Kiran , Koirala Prakash , Song Zhaoning , Barudi Hashem M. , Habte Aron , Sengupta Manajit , Ellingson Randy J. , Yan Yanfa , Collins Robert W. , Podraza Nikolas J. , Heben Michael J.
Published: June 2019

We calculated the energy yields of perovskite/CIGS tandems for real world irradiance and temperature variations.
Future‐proofing synthetic biology: educating the next generation
Authors: Hallinan Jennifer S. , Wipat Anil , Kitney Richard , Woods Simon , Taylor Ken , Goñi‐Moreno Angel
Published: June 2019

Synthetic biology is a relatively young field, although it builds upon disciplines whose roots go back centuries. Recently, its practitioners have tended to move into the field out of interest or by chance, and come from a wide variety of backgrounds. It is also a very fast‐moving field; new protocols, laboratory equipment, computational facilities and algorithms are being developed at a rapid pace. Students who start studying synthetic biology at an undergraduate or postgraduate level will, in the course of their careers, work with technologies as yet undreamt of, and will do so mostly in the context of highly interdisciplinary teams. In this study, the authors identify some of the key areas required for the education of new synthetic biologists to equip them with both adequate background and sufficient flexibility to tackle these challenges and therefore to future‐proof synthetic biology.
Boost multi‐level NPC‐fed VS large rated asynchronous pumped storage hydro‐generating unit
Authors: Joseph Anto , Kim Seok‐Min , Sing Lee Sze , Dominic Arun , Lee Kyo‐Beum
Published: June 2019

The authors intent using a boost multi‐level converter for the doubly fed induction machine (DFIM) used in variable‐speed pumped storage plants (VS‐PSP). Voltage‐source converters connected on the rotor side of the machine control the active and reactive powers of the unit. The proposed boost neutral point clamped (NPC) converter topology provides a voltage output two times larger than a conventional three‐level NPC (3L‐NPC) with similar DC‐link voltage and equal number of switches. Hence, it increases the speed variation of the unit, which improves the efficiency during generation and pumping modes. Moreover, it reduces the starting period of the unit at the pumping mode, which is significant during mode changeover time. Furthermore, it reduces switching and conduction losses in the converter. It also reduces the total harmonic distortion in the output current, as it provides five output voltage levels. These improvements show that the boost NPC converter topology is better among VS‐PSP project authorities. In addition, the reliability of the proposed topology is investigated, where converter redundancy is a challenging issue in asynchronous VS‐PSP units. The proposed boost NPC was compared with the conventional 3L‐NPC system by examining a 250 MW DFIM hydro‐generating unit.
Wind turbines robust fault reconstruction using adaptive sliding mode observer
Authors: Taherkhani Ashkan , Bayat Farhad
Published: June 2019

This study addresses the problem of reliable power generation in wind turbines subject to actuator and sensor faults in the presence of disturbances and uncertainties. For this purpose, an adaptive sliding mode observer is proposed and shown that it is able to reconstruct the faults without even knowing the exact magnitude of the faults, disturbances and uncertainties. Rather, it is only assumed that these signals are bounded. For evaluation purpose, a 5 MW wind turbine system is utilised and a set of simulation results are provided, which verify the accuracy, effectiveness and robust performance of the proposed approach.
Load and mutual inductance estimation based on phase‐differences for electric vehicle wireless charging system
Authors: Zhang Yuwang , Guo Yanjie , Zhu Qingwei , Wang Lifang
Published: June 2019

In this study, a new method to estimate the load and mutual inductance for a wireless charging system (WCS) is presented. Instead of simultaneously using the root mean square and phase angles of related voltages and currents, accurate estimations can be obtained through the phase differences in the primary side. Firstly, the WCS model with dual‐side inductor–capacitor–capacitor compensation networks is established, and the reflected impedance is analysed based on the phase differences in the primary side. Then, the estimation calculation of load and mutual inductance is derived according to the reflected impedance. Meanwhile, the output voltage estimation in the primary side is realised based on the estimated values of the load and mutual inductance. Finally, experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in the 3.3 kW electric vehicle wireless charging experiment platform. Experimental results show that the estimation errors of the load and mutual inductance are <5 and 3.5%, respectively, and the system output voltage can be effectively estimated based on their estimated results.
Voltage harmonic injection angle optimisation for grid current harmonics using a PV converter
Authors: Bouloumpasis Ioannis D. , Vovos Panagis N. , Georgakas Konstantinos G.
Published: June 2019

In this work, the impact of voltage harmonic injection angle on grid current harmonics using a power converter supplied by photovoltaic (PV) array is studied. Converter and PV non‐linear operation cause harmonic distortion, which is superimposed to the existing harmonic content of the grid. First, a general mathematical expression connecting voltage harmonic injection angle and current distortion at the same frequency is theoretically proven. This general expression is verified by experimental results for various converter output levels and grid properties, and voltage harmonic injections at various orders and amplitudes. Since the expression is a convex function, there is a unique injection angle that minimises overall current harmonic at the same frequency. The second contribution of this research is that with a minimum of three injections at random angles the parameters of the general expression can be calculated, thus the optimum injection angle can be determined. In comparison to other works, the knowledge of converter harmonic properties, grid harmonic content or grid connection type (inductive, ohmic, mixed) is not needed.
Impact of interface traps/defects and self‐heating on the degradation of performance of a 4H‐SiC VDMOSFET
Authors: Alqaysi Mustafa H. , Martinez Antonio , Ahmeda Khaled , Ubochi Brendan , Kalna Karol
Published: June 2019

The reliability of silicon carbide metal oxide semiconductor field‐effect transistors remains a challenge in power applications and relates to the SiO2–SiC interface. The presence of unwanted interface traps/defects degrades the device performance. The impact of acceptor traps/defects on the performance of a 4H‐SiC vertical Diffused Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (DMOSFET) with a breakdown voltage of 1700 V is investigated. ‐ and ‐ characteristics were simulated, using a drift‐diffusion model coupled to Fourier heat equations, and are in a good agreement with experimental results. The presence of interface traps/defects were shown to produce degradation of threshold voltage, but the impact diminishes as temperature increases. A threshold voltage shift of 3.5 V occurs for a trap concentration of 2 × 1013 cm–2/eV at room temperature. The transfer characteristics obtained from electro‐thermal modelling show a larger degradation than those at a constant temperature. This degradation increases with the drain bias increase. The threshold voltage from the electro‐thermal simulations is 5 V compared to 4 V observed in constant 423 K temperature simulations at. Finally, the interface traps/defects increases breakdown voltage exhibiting a strong dependency on the trap density and their energy decay characteristics.
Adaptive impedance matching of rectifier for a 100 MHz microwave power transfer system
Authors: Zhu Xirui , Jin Ke , Chen Yuezhe
Published: June 2019

Microwave power transmission (MPT) has been one of the most promising systems in the far‐field wireless power transmission system. In MPT system, the harmonic energy generated by conventional diode rectifying circuit has great impact on the overall efficiency. Moreover, the passive impedance network leads to power reflection, which is the other factor leading to the overall efficiency decline. In this study, a 10W output 100 MHz two‐stage adaptive impedance‐matching rectifying circuit is proposed which can make input impedance constant. About 100 MHz belongs to the band of radio frequency (RF) and the conception of microwave. The first‐stage rectifier is modelled mathematically, which plays an essential role in constructing the initial input impedance and designing the control method of second‐stage converter. By adjusting the duty cycle of the second‐stage converter, the impedance of the whole rectifier realises 50 Ω under various input and the output conditions by means of simulations and experiments. The simulation and experimental results are shown to verify the effectiveness of the proposed RF to direct current converter and its control method. The overall efficiency with full load is up to nearly 65%.
Soft‐switching DC–DC converter with controllable resonant tank featuring high efficiency and wide voltage gain range
Authors: Wang Yifeng , Liu Ruixin , Han Fuqiang , Yang Liang , Meng Zhun
Published: June 2019

A two‐mode resonant DC–DC converter with auxiliary switch (named as sLLC‐C) has been presented. Two simple structural circuits (namely LLC and LLCC) are integrated into one topology with only two magnetic cores, through the topological transformation method. The proposed converter successfully inherits the advantages of the above two circuits, while avoiding their drawbacks as well. At the rating condition, it functions as an LLC circuit, and thus high conversion efficiency is easily obtained. The LLCC working mode is called automatically once the input voltage increases. In such a way, within a limited frequency range, the voltage gain range is effectively extended. A detailed parameter design is given to help achieve desirable performances. Finally, experiments are carried out to validate the feasibility and correctness of the proposed sLLC‐C converter. The output voltage is maintained at 400 V, even if the input voltage varies in the range of 150–400 V. Besides, the preferable soft‐switching characteristics are ensured for both the power switches and secondary‐side diodes. The maximum efficiency of 97.3% is achieved. Thus, wide voltage gain range and high conversion efficiency are acquired simultaneously. These performances make the proposed converter well appropriate for the fuel cell generation applications.
Chemical composition of the outer halo globular cluster Palomar 15
Authors: Koch Andreas , Xu Siyi , Rich R. Michael
Published: June 2019

Globular clusters (GCs) in the outer Milky Way halo are important tracers of the assembly history of our Galaxy. Only a few of these objects show spreads in heavier elements beyond the canonical light-element variations that have essentially been found throughout the entire Galactic GC system, suggesting a more complex origin and evolution of these objects. Here, we present the first abundance analysis of three red giants in the remote (RGC = 38 kpc) outer halo GC Palomar 15, based on medium-resolution spectra obtained with the Keck/ESI instrument. Our results ascertain a low iron abundance of −1.94 ± 0.06 dex with no evidence of any significant abundance spreads, although this is based on low number statistics. Overall, abundance ratios of 16 species were measured, including carbon, Na, Al, α-peak (Mg,Si,Ca,Ti) and Fe-peak (Sc,V,Cr,Fe,Co,Ni) elements, and the three neutron-capture elements Sr, Ba, and Eu. The majority of abundances are compatible with those of halo field stars and those found in other GCs in the outer and inner halos at similar metallicity. Pal 15 is enhanced to [Mg/Fe] = 0.45 dex, while other α-elements, Ca and Ti, are lower by 0.3 dex. Taking Mg as a representative for [α/Fe], and coupled with the lack of any significant spread in any of the studied elements we conclude that Pal 15 is typical of the outer halo, as is bolstered by its chemical similarity to the benchmark outer halo cluster NGC 7492. One star shows evidence of elevated Na and Al abundances, hinting at the presence of multiple stellar populations in this cluster.
Formation of the chemical composition of mining areas waters on the example of tungsten deposits of Eastern Transbaikalia
Authors: Chechel Larisa
Published: June 2019

The chemical composition of waters in the mining areas of the four tungsten deposits (the Transbaikal region) are studied. Acidic sulfate waters with salinity (TDS) up to 2.7 g/L and abnormally high concentrations of Al, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, Cd and other metals were formed in the areas of Bukuka, Belukha and Antonova Gora Deposits. They are characterized by thermodynamic equilibrium with secondary aluminosilicates (kaolinite, montmorillonite), sulfates (gypsum, anglesite) and fluorides (fluorite, sellaite). These waters are characterized by the highest degree of nonequilibrium with primary minerals anorthite, albite, muscovite, chlorite and others, which contributes to their further dissolution and accumulation of components in waters. Technogenic waters of the Spokojninskoe mine are characterized by neutral and alkaline reaction, moderate growth of salinity and active migration of U, W, As and Mo. They are saturated with respect to secondary aluminosilicates (montmorillonite, illite) and carbonates (calcite, dolomite, malachite, azurite, rhodochrosite, cerussite, siderite).