bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
36-Month Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluation of Preheated and Room Temperature Resin Composite
Authors: Elkaffas AA , Eltoukhy RI , Elnegoly SA , Mahmoud SH
Published: February 2022

Objective

This study evaluated the effect of preheating resin composites (RCs) on the clinical performance of class I restorations during a 36-month period using a split-mouth, double-blinded randomized design.

Methods and Materials

A total of 35 patients were selected. Every patient received one pair of class I nanofilled resin composite (RC, Filtek Z350 XT) posterior restorations (n=70). One side of the mouth received preheated composites; on the other side, the composite was placed in a nonheated state following the manufacturer’s instructions. These restorations were evaluated at 1-week (baseline), 12-months, 24-months, and 36-months using the FDI World Dental Federation criteria. The statistical analyses were also performed using the Wilcoxon and Friedman tests with the level of significance set at 0.05.

Results

After 36 months, 33 patients attended the recall visits, and 66 restorations were evaluated. The Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests revealed insignificant differences between both groups (p>0.05) for all FDI parameters. However, a significant difference was detected for staining as a criterion at 36 months (p=0.01). Moreover, a significant difference in the staining was detected when the baseline and 36 months were compared in the nonheated RC group (p=0.001). For esthetic, functional, and biological properties, the nonheated composite exhibited 93.9%, 100%, and 100% of the clinically accepted scores, respectively, and the preheated group presented 100% for all properties. Four restorations had postoperative sensitivity at baseline for nonheated (11.4%) and five for preheated (14.2%), but the postoperative sensitivity scores were considered highly acceptable at 12-, 24-, and 36-months.

Conclusions

After 36 months, preheated nanofilled RCs showed an acceptable clinical performance similar to that of the nonheated ones in class I restorations, but with better resistance to marginal staining.
Entrepreneurial Experiences of Becoming an Employer: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Authors:   , Williams Helen C.
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study is to better understand how entrepreneurs become employers. Taking a phenomenological position, my research uses a co-creative methodology to explore transitions from entrepreneur to entrepreneur-employer. Job creation is commonly cited as a benefit of entrepreneurship (Birch, 1979; Acs, 2006), yet little is known about the transition to entrepreneur-employer. Recent estimates highlight that many UK enterprises are classified as non-employing businesses, comprising the founder only (ONS, 2020). This suggests that while a high proportion of individuals enter self-employment, growth presents a significant challenge for many (Coad et al., 2017). Extant research investigating the entrepreneur to entrepreneur-employer transition is predominantly functionalist, reinforcing commonly held beliefs that entrepreneurship is a desirable economic activity (Dvouletý, 2018). In response, I sought to apply a qualitative approach. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) as a guiding framework, I explore the lived experiences of six female and four male entrepreneur-employers in South Wales. My contribution to the entrepreneurship field is twofold. Firstly, my findings reflect an uglier reality to job-creation than is readily visible in the mainstream entrepreneurship literature. Perceiving it as a double-edged sword, participants juxtaposed common entrepreneurial narratives against their everyday realties. Becoming an employer introduced a level of relationality, exposing participants to systems demanding conformity rather than entrepreneurial diversity. Second, methodologically I demonstrate how the use of a co-creative method is a valuable tool for accessing complex and nuanced entrepreneurial experiences. Participants universally expressed frustration at being suspended in what I interpret as a liminal state. Drawing on relevant literature, I theorise that this is particularly felt within neoliberal post-industrial contexts. I conclude that, for my participants, negotiating the gap between mainstream entrepreneurial narratives, and their lived entrepreneurial experiences, was a significant factor in moving beyond the critical entrepreneur to entrepreneur-employer transition.
ANALISIS KANDUNGAN KARBOHIDRAT PADA PLANLET BUNCIS (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) SECARA IN VITRO HASIL INDUKSI KALIUM DALAM CEKAMAN KEKERINGAN
Authors: Nurcahyani Endang , Alfiah Dian , Wahyuningsih Sri , Mahfut Mahfut
Published: February 2022

Buncis (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) merupakan tanaman semusim berbentuk perdu. Pada tahun 2017 produktivitas buncis mengalami penurunan karena minimnya lahan produksi. Kendala yang dihadapi dalam memproduksi buncis antara lain musim kemarau yang berkepanjangan. Kalium dapat membantu penyerapan unsur hara dan air pada tumbuhan. Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG 6000) diberikan pada medium kultur jaringan untuk menstimulasi cekaman kekeringan. Penelitian ini menggunakan medium Murashige and Skoog (MS) dengan pemberian kalium. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pemberian kalium pada planlet buncis yang tahan serta untuk mengetahui kandungan karbohidrat pada planlet buncis secara in vitro. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan satu faktor yaitu konsentrasi kalium dengan 4 taraf perlakuan: 0%, 0,5%, 0,15%, dan 0,25% dengan 6 ulangan. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan ANOVA pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase planlet hidup menunjukkan 100% hidup dan pemberian kalium dan PEG 6000 belum memberikan pengaruh terhadap kadar karbohidrat terlarut total secara in vitro.
BIOAKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN LOTION SENYAWA EKSOPOLISAKARIDA DARI MIKROALGA Spirulina sp.
Authors: Astika Winahyu Diah , Primadiamanti Annisa
Published: February 2022

Spirulina sp. merupakan jenis mikroalga yang mengandung komposisi senyawa kimia bermanfaat antara lain senyawa eksopolisakarida. Senyawa eksopolisakarida merupakan biopolimer yang memiliki aplikasi sangat luas, antara lain aplikasi penggunaan sebagai antioksidan, Spirulina sp. berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai bahan antioksidan secara alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat potensi bioaktivitas antioksidan senyawa eksopolisakarida Spirulina sp dalam sediaan lotion. Senyawa eksopolisakarida yang dihasilkan dari Spirulina sp. dianalisis gugus fungsi dengan FTIR, kemudian diformulasikan dalam sediaan lotion. Formulasi lotion kemudian dianalisis aktivitas antioksidan. Lotion hasil formulasi dengan senyawa eksopolisakarida dari mikroalga Spirulina sp. memiliki potensi sebagai lotion yang bersifat antioksidan. Nilai IC50 yang dihasilkan dari lotion F1 sebesar 42,429 ppm, F2 sebesar 35,986 ppm, F3 sebesar 29,726 ppm. Nilai IC50 lotion senyawa eksopolisakarida yang diperoleh termasuk jenis antioksidan yang memiliki aktivitas sangat kuat.
ANALISIS KANDUNGAN LOGAM BERAT MERKURI (Hg) PADA CUMICUMI (Loligo sp.) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY (AAS)
Authors: Rodlotu Yula Hesty , Bahri Syaiful , Ambarwati Yuli , Idris Iswadi , Andhulang Ganjar
Published: February 2022

Tingkat bahaya dari logam berat merkuri (Hg) yang ter-bioakumulasi pada cumi-cumi (Loligo sp.) tidak hanya memberikan implikasi bagi lingkungan, namun juga terhadap kesehatan manusia. Hal inilah yang menjadi dasar penelitian dikarenakan cumi-cumi memiliki kemampuan mengabsorpsi logam melalui jaringan otot dan didukung dengan tingginya produksi cumi-cumi di Indonesia yang mencapai 216 ribu ton per tahun 2018 berdasarkan data KKP RI yang sejalan dengan tingkat konsumsi. Selain itu, relevansi kebijakan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia dengan penandatanganan Konvensi Minamata tentang bahaya merkuri yang telah ditetapkan sebagai permasalahan global, peraturan BPOM No.5/2018, dan SNI 7387-2009 tentang batasan maksimum cemaran logam berat dalam pangan olahan menjadi acuan pendukung. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui kadar logam berat merkuri (Hg) yang terakumulasi dalam daging cumi-cumi. Kadar logam berat Hg pada cumi-cumi dianalisis menggunakan metode Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) melalui sampel jaringan otot daging. Secara keseluruhan, data analisis menunjukkan bahwa kandungan logam berat merkuri (Hg) pada daging cumi-cumi adalah 0,038 μg/g (uji#1) dan 0,035 μg/g (uji#2) dimana lebih rendah dari standar baku mutu PerBPOM dan SNI 7387-2009 tersebut yaitu 0,5 mg/kg dan 1,0 mg/kg, masing-masing. Oleh karena itu, hasil tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa cumi-cumi tersebut aman untuk dikonsumsi.
Status and Association of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation with Clinicopathological Features in Sudanese Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Hamad Abubaker M. , Sidahmed Rania M. , Haj Mukhtar Nada S. , Alanazi Helal G. , Ahmed Hussain G.
Published: February 2022

Breast cancer is a real problem in Sudan. Onset at early age, presentation with late stage, and limited resources are characterizing national context of breast cancer in Sudan. Histopathology and cytology of breast cancer serve as tool to expand knowledge in order to improve prevention, management and quality of breast cancer patient life. The aim of this study was to find out prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 among Sudanese patients and to investigate the association of BRCA1and BRCA2 genes with clinicopathological features in Sudanese patients with breast cancer. Histopathological procedures were used for preparation of histopathological slides from the tissue blocks from 179 breast cancer patients. One histopathological slide from diseased tissue and another from normal adjacent tissue were used; the normal tissue and the diseased tissue investigated with H&E stain and molecular biology PCR method on DNA extracted from tissue was used to assess BRCA1 and BRCA2 status. Average age was 41-50 years. Most of cases were females (174 cases) and few males (5cases). Most of cases present were ductal (150 cases) in the latter stage (Grade III, 69 cases). Also, most of cases had no lymph node metastasis (161cases). Statistically, there is significant difference in mutations frequency between diseased breast cancer tissue and normal adjacent tissue in regarding for BRCA1 and BRCA2 under investigation (P-value=0.000 for the two parameters). Statistically, we found strong significant correlation between the mutations BRCA1 and BRCA2. BRCA1 and BRCA2 had significant correlation with tumor grade; BRCA1 (P-value=0.009), BRCA2 (P-value=0.024). The results showed that there is no significant correlation between BRCA1 mutation in the diseased tissue and all the following: sex (P = 0.288), the age group (P = 0.918), the lymph node metastasis (P = 0.971), and the histological site of the breast lesion (P = 0.943). Also, there is no significant correlation between BRCA2 mutation in the diseased tissue and all the following: sex (P = 0.070), the age group (P = 0.758), the lymph node metastasis (P = 0.544), and the histological site of the breast lesion (P = 0.103). BRCA1 and BRCA2 can be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers, they related to aggressive form of breast cancer specially BRCA2. We recommend for national extensive program of awareness and screening for breast cancer for all Sudanese population along with establishing dataset portal for all cancers to be available for researchers freely.
Radical Scavenging Activities, Total Reducing Power, Total Phenolic and Flavonoids Contents of Four Common Vegetables
Authors: Djeussi Doriane Esther , Noumedem Kenfack Jaurès Arnaud , Noumedem Anangmo Christelle Nadia , Simeni Njonnou Sylvain Raoul , Ngongang Ouankou Christian , Yossa Nzeuwa Irma Belinda , Yamssi Cédric , Zambou Ngoufack Francois , Kuiate Jules-Roger , Kuete Victor
Published: February 2022

Aim: This study aimed at evaluating the antioxidant activities of extracts from four vegetables namely: Beta vulgaris, Raphanus sativus, and two varieties (red and green) of Brassica oleracea.

Method: The antioxidant properties of these extracts were assessed using five different methods including 2,2-diphényl 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Nitrogen Oxyde (NO), total reducing power, total phenolic and flavonoids content.

Results: All the four vegetable extracts showed free radical-scavenging activity against DPPH· with RSa50 (Radical scavenging activity 50) ranging between 129.77 and 323.64 µg/ml, and inhibitory activity against NO radical (RSa50 ranging from 1454,52 to 4479,97 µg/ml). The four vegetable extracts also showed total reducing powers ranging between 2.41 and 9.37 AAE (mg ascorbic acid equivalents per gram of dried extract). These antioxidant activities can be justified by the presence of different antioxidant compounds like total phenol contents which were present in all studied vegetable extracts with quantities varying between 4.37 and 11.83 GAE (mg of garlic acid equivalents per gram of dried extract) of dry extract, or flavonoids which were also present in all the plants with total contents ranging between 0.1 and 0.25 RE (rutin equivalents per gram of dried extract).

Conclusion: The different antioxidant activities demonstrated in this study provide scientific evidence that some vegetables commonly consumed in Cameroon including B. oleracea, R. sativus and B. vulgaris can serve as a dietary supplement or in preventive medicine in the management of oxidative stress and associated pathologies.
Virtual Learning for Persons with Visual Impairment: An Exploration of Learning Platform in a Home Environment from UTH Special School in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Mwanza Esnart , Simalalo Magdalene , Simui Francis
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to explore the accessibility of virtual learning platforms for person with visual impairment in the home environment. The study was qualitative in nature and took the form of a case study design. Purposive sampling was used to sample fifteen participants who took part in the study. Emergent from this study was a cluster of digital tools in use such as WhatsApp, Zoom, Google Meet/ Classroom, or Email applied to access virtual learning. In addition, computers with JAWS, smart phones with speech reader and readily available internet facility, some radios and TVs were required for virtual learning at home. The study found accessibility of virtual learning in a home environment depended on internet connectivity and having rightful gadgets which were user-friendly to individual with visual impairment as well as low socio-economic background as it determined the purchasing power. Further, challenges faced included children’s lack of computers and phones with bundles to go online, poor internet connectivity and unconducive home environment. The study also revealed that parents needed social support and financial support from well-wisher like donor community and government to support them with ICT gadgets specifically designed for children with visual impairment. Besides, they need internet services and with ITC gadgets instilled with speech readers or JAWS. Thus, the study suggested among others, that teacher should start using video and audio-conferencing teaching, open up virtual resources Centre for learners, strength the collaboration between teacher and parents and make pricing of ICT equipment affordable for the visually impaired.
Primary Extra-Nodal Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma of the Cheek: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Rizkou F. E. , Berrada El Azizi D. , Salhi S. , Benhoummad O. , Rochdi Y. , Raji A.
Published: February 2022

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas are a group of highly diverse lymphoproliferative malignancies and have great tendency to involve in organs and tissues that typically don’t contain lymphoid cells. Primary extra-nodal NHL of the oral cavity are thin on the ground, and cheek location is one of the rarest intraoral sites involved. The majority of oral NHLs reported are of diffuse large B-cell type. The present case highlights one of the scarce forms of primary extra-nodal non-Hodgkin; cheek location reveled by a swelling in the right cheek. Routine laboratory tests were within normal limits and clinical examination showcases painless, poorly limited mass. CT and MRI were performed revealing an enhanced tissue lesion with muscular infiltration and no bone lysis. An initial biopsy of the lesion was determined insignificant. A resection biopsy was evaluated using histologic techniques and immunohistochemistry, which established the proper diagnosis of extra-nodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. In view of their malignant nature and the fact that only histopathological examination can define the diagnosis, we report this case to aid an early recognition, diagnosis, and treatment, that are essential for a patient’s survival.
High-intensity Interval Training for Older Adults: Safety Issues
Authors: Ito Shigenori
Published: February 2022

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been reported to become an alternative of moderate-intensity continuous training and adapted even in older adults. However, to implement the use of HIIT for older adults, who are very often associated with life-style related and chronic diseases, safety issues should be considered in the first place. However, at present, the evaluation of the safety of HIIT among older adults is compromised by the limited availability of relevant data due to the low proportion of studies reporting adverse events. In this review, update data regarding safety and check-up methods for older adults are described in submaximal HIIT and spring interval training.
Distance Education and Human Resource Development: An Empirical Review
Authors: Ofosuhene Daisy
Published: February 2022

Distance education has been justified by many researchers to augment the development of human resources. This paper aimed to find out the extent to which distance education contributes to human resource development around the globe. The uniqueness of this study stem from its focus on bringing together on one platform differing empirical findings on distance education and human resource development. The study sought to synthesize the various studies focusing on the degree to which distance education influence human resource development. The rationale for this approach was to make it easier for decision makers and practitioners interested in such information to have unfettered access to varieties of opinion to inform strategic decision making. The paper explored empirical studies that have examined the relationship between distance education and human resource development. In all, 94 articles were consulted, however, 63 were analyzed qualitatively, using thematic analysis. These 63 articles were considered eligible based on their relevance to the study and for the fact that they were written in English Language. The review found the contribution of distance education to human resource development in areas of improved educational and professional capabilities of individuals, increased employability, income, standards of living and reduced marginalization. The review however, did not find any national policy framework geared towards the funding of distance education. The implication is that government and nations which have established distance education as an alternative mode of providing higher education should as a matter of importance focus on the establishment and implementation of national policies addressing issues of funding, technological innovation and the efficient running of distance education.
An Island Studies Course at a Liberal Arts Institution: Pedagogy from a Natural History Perspective
Authors: Sunderlin David , Xu Lijuan
Published: February 2022

An intellectual treatment of islands and isolation lends itself to a foundation in a liberal arts education. The introductory undergraduate course on island studies can serve as a topical platform on which to develop critical thinking, research, analytical, and creative thinking skills for beginning college students. The paper analyzes the natural history perspective in island studies and its methods of inquiry as pedagogical strategies that enhance the development of academic curiosity. The success of this approach to early undergraduate education is documented in traditional assessment and the direction that student-driven inquiry followed throughout the course. A course in island studies is a natural fit into progressive curriculum design strategies that are currently under development at many colleges and universities.
Tourism Changes on a Mediterranean Island: Experiences from Mallorca
Authors: Royle Stephen A.
Published: February 2022

Mediterranean islands exemplify well the interactions between tourism, heritage and culture on islands. After an introduction that considers their heritage and the pressures which might be applied by tourism because of insular characteristics such as scale, the paper considers the Spanish island of Mallorca as a case study. First its history and consequent heritage is identified and then various stages in its tourism development, which might be recognized in Butler’s model, are treated with particular reference to two very different foreigner commentators on the island, George Sand and Robert Trimnell. The mass market tourism exemplified by Trimnell has brought a reaction and in recent decades Mallorca has given much more consideration to its environment and heritage, illustrated here through the example of the district of Calvià and its Local Agenda 21 policies. This has seen a considerable impact on the island’s tourism and marketing initiatives, as well as upon its natural environment.
Participatory Action Research for Dealing with Disasters on Islands
Authors: Kelman Ilan , Lewis James , Gaillard JC , Mercer Jessica
Published: February 2022

Much disaster research has a basis in non-island case studies, although monodisciplinary disaster-related research across past decades has often used case studies of individual islands. Both sets of work contribute to contemporary ‘participatory action research’ which investigates ways of dealing with disasters on islands. This paper asks what might be gained through combining disaster research, island studies, and participatory action research. What value does island studies bring to participatory action research for dealing with disasters? Through a critical (not comprehensive) overview of participatory action research for dealing with disasters on islands, three main lessons emerge. First, the island context matters to a certain degree for disaster-related research and action. Second, islandness has much more to offer disaster-related research than is currently appreciated. Third, more studies are needed linking theory to evidence found on the ground on islanders’ terms. Limitations of the analyses here and future research directions are provided.
Transformation Projects and Virtual Military Strategy
Authors:   IBISTM. France, Trad Antoine
Published: February 2022

Major conflicts and wars are the fundament and important drivers for strong economies and their expansions. Military institutions are the ones who drive major technological transformation, evolution and innovation trends; like the USA’s Défense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), which developed the Internet… Military technology transformation and innovation projects depend on financing capacities, geopolitics, economical strategies and demography. Countries, Armies, and institutions (or simply Entities) are increasingly using avant-garde technologies to gain substantial defence, geopolitical and economic advantages. Entities are today, facing new challenges and eventual risks, when implementing their vital organizational defence concept and distributed Information and Communication System (ICS). It is important to find the right balance between, Optimal Innovative Military Technology (OIMT), biotech’s evolution, military strategy, geopolitical context, combative capabilities, and the evolution of demography, which is probably the most important factor. The stability of an Entity depends on a well-defined OIMT Strategy to support the Entity’s evolution. This article proposes the fundaments of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to support Virtual Reality (VR) for OIMT (VR4OIMT) integration. The author’s Applied Holistic Mathematical Model (AHMM) for VR (AHMM4VR) is the result of research on AI-based VR, business, financial and organizational transformations using a mathematical model’s concept (Trad & Kalpić, 2020a). The AI based VR4OIMT manages and evaluates VR activities in projects, which are complex. Weightings of factors and areas are used as variables in the VR4OIMT. VR’s main problem is peoples’ addiction and subject areas’ complexities, due to the excessive use if VR based videogames which have exponentially expended and making decisions based on simple simulations (Acer, 2018)
Introducing cannabis education on a college Campus in 2021 The case of Medgar Evers College
Authors:   Medgar Evers College, New York, U.S., Reid Alicia E. , Crump Micah E. S. ,   Medgar Evers College, New York, U.S., Clement Vikiana R. ,   Medgar Evers College, New York, U.S., Rolle JoAnn D. ,   Medgar Evers College, New York, U.S.
Published: February 2022

This paper illuminates how introducing cannabis on a college campus parallels the transition of cannabis in U.S. society moving from legitimate to illegal to legalization to corporate to academia. Using a case study methodology, the purpose of this research is to examine how a college or university might respond to a new industry opportunity. In response to a campus charge, student demand and industry demand, a small college located in the heart of Brooklyn, New York City answered a call to advocate on behalf of its student- and community members. Over a period of two-years, a new cannabis education and programs initiative was introduced to the campus within the backdrop of such actions being viewed as controversial. Introduction and approval of cannabis education on a campus required critical campus stakeholders to undergo change-shaping events over time that led to shifts in their attitudinal thinking. Throughout the two-year period, new courses were co-created by campus faculty and leading cannabis voices in the U.S. that included industry, investors, academics, and alumni who had accumulated cannabis expertise. The newly created rigorous and science-heavy curriculum spanned multiple academic departments and offering cross-listed courses, certificates, scholarships, industry-academic research, entrepreneurial assistance, various types of advocacies, and internship and employment pipelines. This study contributes to the body of higher education literature by mapping out steps institutions of higher learning might take to garner broad campus support for cannabis education
Content Analysis of Theory-Based Graduate Theses Published in the Field of Distance Education in Turkey between 2008-2020
Authors: KARABEY Sinem
Published: February 2022

Purpose: To examine the trends in theory-based graduate theses published between 2008-2020 in the field of distanceeducation in Turkey.Methodology: In this study, which aims to examine theory-based graduate theses published in the field of distance educationin Turkey between 2008-2020, systematic literature review was adopted and content analysis technique was used in theanalysis of data. 483 theses with access permission in the Council of Higher Education (YOK) national database were examinedand 150 theses that were suitable for the research criteria were included in the study. Theses were categorized using the"Thesis Review Form", which has different fields such as thesis type, thesis title, the year the thesis was published, the universitywhere the thesis was published, the variables used in the theses, the science fields of the theses, the theory / model used inthe theses, the sample level of the theses and the sample sizes. The data of 150 theses, which are theory-based, were analyzedwith the descriptive content analysis technique.Findings: When the theses included in the study are examined, it has been determined that one of every three theses publishedin the field of distance education are based on theory. Considering the theoretical basis of the theses, it has been seen that thetheories of Social Presence, ARCS Motivation and Interactional Distance were given the most place. While Anadolu Universityand Gazi University were the universities where the most theses were published, Computer Sciences emerged as the fieldwhere the most theses were published. It was seen that academic success and attitude were the most studied variables in thetheses. It was concluded that the sample group studied in the theses mostly consisted of students studying at undergraduateand primary education level, and 31-100 participants were preferred more as the sample size.Highlights: In the study, 150 graduate theses published between 2008-2020 in the field of distance education in Turkey andmeeting the research criteria were examined and it was determined that one of these three theses was theory-based. Sincethis number has been determined to be quite small, it is thought that the findings obtained from this study will be useful for adeeper understanding of the theses that have a theoretical basis in distance education, by providing suggestions for futureresearch, and to contribute to the thesis work or research planned to be done in the future on this subject.
Examination of Preservice Teachers’ Skills in Classifying Learning Objectives and Problem Posing Involving Fractions
Authors: KUZU Okan , ÇİL Osman
Published: February 2022

Purpose: This study investigated how primary school preservice mathematics teachers and preservice classroom teachersclassified the learning objectives and problems about fractions in terms of knowledge and cognitive processes. In addition, thestudy examined how preservice teachers posed problems about the learning objectives regarding fractions and what kind oferrors they made in this process.Design/Methodology/Approach: Designed with the mixed research model, the study was carried out during the 2019-2020academic year with the participation of 55 preservice middle school mathematics teachers and 101 preservice classroomteachers. It was determined nine objectives about "Fractions" and "Operations with Fractions" from the 2018 MathematicsCurriculum, and the preservice teachers were asked to classify these objectives in terms of knowledge and cognitive processdimensions of the revised Bloom's taxonomy and to pose suitable problems for each of these objectives.Findings: Analyses conducted in the framework of the study showed that while classifying the learning objectives at the levelof understanding and applying, both primary school preservice mathematics teachers and preservice classroom teachersconfused the steps of recognizing fractions and using fractions and obtained a low rate in regards to accurate classification.Regarding the knowledge dimension, it was observed that the preservice teachers did not confuse the learning objectives witheach other at the conceptual and procedural knowledge level and performed a moderately accurate classification. On the otherhand, it was concluded that both preservice middle school mathematics teachers and preservice classroom teachers were ableto pose accurate problems in line with the knowledge process and cognitive process dimensions relevant to the learningobjectives, but they did not have the same performance in classifying the problems prepared for these objectives. The errorsmade by preservice teachers in the process of problem posing were collected under three categories as "problems not relevantto the learning objective ", "limitations regarding subject matter knowledge" and "limitations in problem posing skills".Highlights: it is concluded that it is very important for preservice teachers in the learning and teaching process to problemposing in line with the behavior to be measured in terms of knowledge and cognition by paying attention to the purpose of thelearning objective.
Parotid Gland Tumour Presenting in Primary Care: The Importance of Histological Confirmation
Authors: Ariffin Farnaza , Zainal Abidin Aiza Nur Izdihar , Badlishah Sham Siti Fatimah , Mat Nor Khariah , Geok Chin Tan
Published: February 2022

This is a report of a patient presenting to a primary care clinic with slow growing parotid gland swelling which was initially suspected as benign from ultrasound findings. A referral to the ORL (otorhinolaryngology) team was made and FNAC (Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology) results confirmed the swelling to be Acinic Cell Carcinoma. The patient subsequently underwent surgical resection. This case highlights the importance of a high clinical suspicion of malignancy in those presenting with slow growing salivary gland tumours due to its indolent nature and imaging difficulties. Histological confirmation is warranted.
Recurrent Stroke in a Young Man with Moyamoya Disease on Medical Therapy: A Case Report
Authors: Ibrahim Nurfauzani , Baharudin Noorhida , Hashim Hilwati , Jaya Raman Thinesh Kumaran , Mohamed Yassin Mohamed Syarif
Published: February 2022

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare intracranial vasculopathy characterized by the progressive occlusion of the terminal internal carotid arteries and their proximal branches. Various factors including genetic and inflammation are the proposed pathogenesis of MMD. We present a case of a 31-year-old man who had recurrent stroke secondary to MMD. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) demonstrated an infarct in the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory, and stenosis of the terminal right internal carotid artery (ICA) and its proximal branches. He initially declined surgical management and was treated with antiplatelet. After his third stroke, he finally underwent right superficial temporal artery (STA) to middle cerebral artery (MCA) bypass surgery. He improved following rehabilitation with no further recurrence. The role of surgical revascularization in the prevention of stroke is well-described in the literature but evidence regarding medical therapy remain scarce and will be explored in this report.
Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude among MAHSA Medical Students towards HIV/AIDS
Authors: Alkadhim Aws Hashim Ali , Al-Ani Sarah Taha Yousif , Alagar Munandy , Lee Phon Yong , Devadas Gomalata , Selvaraj Chandrasekaran , Azzani Meram
Published: February 2022

According to the Ministry of Health Statistics, there have been 87,710 confirmed HIV infectedcases in Malaysia. Objective: To determine how well MAHSA University medical studentsknew about HIV/AIDS. Method: This was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based studyconducted at MAHSA University's School of Medicine. The surveys focused on differentmechanisms of transmission, high-risk behaviours, and prevention strategies. Result: A total of360 medical students participate in this study. Medical students in pre-clinical years hadsubstantially higher knowledge ratings than those in clinical years (p=0.045). Comfortablenessdealing with HIV/AIDS patients had the highest stigmatizing score (3.78 ± 0.86). Attitudestoward imposed measures had the lowest stigmatization score (mean 2.60 ± 0.62), knowledgescore is significantly correlate with stigmatizing attitude (P=0.004). In addition, higherknowledge scores were shown among medical students who reported to have previousencounters with patients living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) (p<0.001). Knowledge scores weresignificantly low among the patients living with HIV (PEWHIV) (4.2 ± 1.67) (P=0.019).Concerning mother to child transmission of HIV/AIDS infection, clinical medical studentsshowed higher degree of knowledge as compare with preclinical years medical students with P<0.05. Conclusion: The knowledge of medical students in Mashsa University is generallyhigh, awareness of HIV transmission from mother to child through breast milk is still lacking,indicating that this is the most significant feature that has to be stressed and improved in futuremedical curriculum for better health care services and public education.
The mediation effects of knowledge hiding motivations between knowledge requester’s psychological entitlement and knowledge hiding and the moderated mediation effect of supervisor monitoring
Authors: Ko YounJin , Yoo TaeYong
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the mediation effects of knowledge hiding motivations(personal ownership, fear of loss, concern for negative evaluation, and negative relation) between the knowledge requester’s psychological entitlement and knowledge hiding. Also, the purpose of this study is to examine the moderated mediation effect of supervisor monitoring on the mediating effects of knowledge hiding motivations. For the study, the survey was conducted on 400 employees working at various companies in Korea. According to the data analysis, knowledge hiding motivations(personal ownership, fear of loss, and concern for negative evaluation) had mediating effects between the knowledge requester’s psychological entitlement and knowledge hiding. But, negative relation motivation had no significant mediating effect. The supervisor monitoring moderated the mediating effects of knowledge hiding motivations(personal ownership, fear of loss motivation) between the knowledge requester’s psychological entitlement and knowledge hiding. But, concern for negative evaluation motivation and negative relation motivation had no significant moderated mediation effects. This study is expected to provide important implications for practitioners about the mediating effects of knowledge hiding motivation and the moderated mediating effects of supervisor monitoring.
El papel de la tecnología e innovación en el desarrollo equitativo de México
Authors:   iInstituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua - IMTA, Pedrozo Acuña Adrián
Published: February 2022

En todo el mundo, las crisis ambiental e hídrica, han puesto de manifiesto la necesidad urgente de generar un desarrollo económico que permita movernos hacia un mundo sin pobreza e injusticia, al mismo tiempo que protegemos y respetamos la belleza y riqueza de la naturaleza. Quizás el elemento natural en el que se manifiesta de forma más clara la urgente necesidad de una transformación en nuestra relación con el planeta sea justamente el agua.
Компаративный анализ восприятия предпринимательских возможностей и способностей
Authors: Пиньковецкая Юлия
Published: February 2022

Цель работы заключается в оценке уровня восприятия предпринимательских возможностей и способностей взрослыми людьми, созданными предпринимателями в современных национальных экономиках по данным за 2018 г. В качестве исходной информации использовались результаты опросов, проведенных в 59 странах, в процессе реализации проекта Глобального мониторинга предпринимательства. В исследовании рассматривалась оценка шести показателей, характеризующих мнение людей о наличии в их стране предпринимательских возможностей и способностей. Полученные результаты доказали, что в большинстве стран имеет место гендерный разрыв между показателями восприятия предпринимательской активности.
Analisis Hubungan Penggunaan Air Bersih dan Jamban Keluarga dengan Kejadian Diare Pada Balita
Authors: B Hamzah , Sudirman
Published: February 2022

Background:

Diarrhea is still a health problem in the world, there are about 2 million cases of diarrhea worldwide every year, and 1,9 million children under five die from diarrhea every year. Diarrheal disease in Indonesia is an endemic disease and has the potential for extraordinary events. Diarrhea is the 3 highest infectious disease in North Sulawesi in 2016 with a total of 23.881 cases.

Objectives:

His study aims to analyze the relationship between the use of clean water and the use of latrines with the incidence of diarrhea in children under five in Gogagoman Village, Kotamobagu in 2020.

Research methods:

This type of research is observational analytic with cross sectional design with a total sample of 43 respondents. The sampling technique used is accidental sampling. Data were collected by direct interviews with respondents and analyzed univariately and bivariately using the chi square test.

Results:

The results showed that 44,6% of respondents who had children under five suffered from diarrhea, 40,8% of respondents who used clean water did not meet the requirements, 41,5% of respondents who used latrines did not meet health requirements. The statistical test results showed that there was a relationship between the use of stick water and the incidence of diarrhea in children under five (p=0,023<0,05) and there was a relationship between latrine use and the incidence of diarrhea among children under five (p=0,000<0,05) in Gogagoman Village, Kotamobagu.

Conclusion:

here is a relationship between the use of clean water and the use of latrines with the incidence of diarrhea in children under five in Gogagoman Village, Kotamobagu in 2020.
Determinan Gangguan Fungsi Paru Pekerja Terpapar Silika: Systematic Review
Authors: Wahyunita Sunindy , Yunita Dewanti Nikie Astorina , Raharjo Mursid
Published: February 2022

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the third leading cause of death in the world. At least 10-20% of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease cases are found in the work environment. One of the causes of lung function disorder suffered by workers is due to inhalation of silica dust.

Objectives:To identify the determinants of lung function disorder in workers exposed to silica dust.

Research Metodes: Systematic quantitative  review that was implemented through a meta-analysis study with initial search results for articles matched to the title and abstract was 44 articles and it was eliminated by using inclusion criteria resulting 20 articles. The publication year of the articles was 2007-2020 and has been indexed by Garuda Dikti, SINTA, DOAJ and Scopus.

Results: The number of samples from the combined study of 20 articles was 2.561 workers that 33% of the sample had lung function disorder. The p value for each variable included age  p= 0,001, sex p= 0,854, nutritional status p= 0,033, inhaled dust level p= 0,007, working period p= 0,000, length of exposure p= 0,027, history of lung disease p= 0,880, exercise habit p= 0,098, PPE use p= 0,004, and smoking habit p= 0,014.

Conclusion: The variables as determinant with the greatest risk of pulmonary function disorder were individual smoking habit and work environment factors.
Faktor Yang Berhubungan dengan Penggunaan Jamban Di Desa Sugai Terap Kecamatan Kumpeh Ulu Kabupaten Muaro Jambi
Authors: Nurussabil Andi Ahmadiyah , Hilal T. Samsul , Husaini Ahmad
Published: February 2022

Background:

The use of latrines in the village is still unhealthy because of the habits of the people who use pit latrines in the river. The impact of not using latrines is causing diseases, causing odor , and cause pollution.

Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to to determine the relationship between education, clean water facilities, the role of health workers, the role of community leaders, knowledge of using latrines

Research Metodes:

This type of research is descriptive analytic with cross sectional approach. The sampling technique used simple random sampling, the sample was all household in the Sungai Terap 90 people. The analysis used the chi-square test.

Results:

There is no relationship between education and latrine use, the p-value is 0.957. There is a relationship between clean water facilities and the use of latrines, the p-value is 0.000. There is no relationship between the role of health workers and the use of latrines, the p-value is 0.189. There is a relationship between the role of community leaders and the use of latrines, the p-value is 0.000. There is a relationship between knowledge and latrine use.

 

Conclusion:

There is no relationship between education and the role of health workers
Analisis Kualitas Mikrobiologi Air Minum Isi Ulang di Depo Air Minum Isi Ulang Kelurahan Jemur Wonosari Kota Surabaya
Authors: Rahmawati Ajeng Dwi , Asih Akas Yekti Pulih , Wikurendra Edza Aria
Published: February 2022

Background:

Based on the preliminary test using laboratory tests from three refill drinking water samples in Jemur Wonosari Village, all three were positive for Coliform. Therefore, researchers are interested in researching Analysis of the Microbiological Quality of Refilled Drinking Water at the Refill Drinking Water Depot in Jemur Wonosari Village.

Objectives:

Knowing the microbiological quality of refill drinking water produced at the refill drinking water depot in Jemur Wonosari Village.

Research Methods:

This research is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional quantitative approach using primary and secondary data sources. The population in this study were all 13 refill drinking water depots. The research takes the total population. Refillable drinking water samples were tested at the Gayung Sari Regional Health Service Laboratory. Data analysis used descriptive analysis by comparing the results of laboratory tests with Permenkes 492 of 2010.

Results:

The results showed that 13 samples found that 13 samples were positive for Coliform, and 13 samples were negative for Escherichia coli. According to Permenkes No. 429 of 2010, the maximum limit per 100 ml of sample is 0. So the 13 samples of refill drinking water based on microbiological parameters, namely Escherichia coli in refilled drinking water, meet the standard while the Coliform does not meet the standard.

Conclusion:

All refill drinking water depots in Keluraham Jemur Wonosari produce refilled drinking water whose quality does not meet the government's microbiological standards. There is a need for increased supervision and guidance at refill drinking water depots.
Analysis Of Procedures References Implementatiom National Health at Ujoh Bilang Public Health Center Mahakam Ulu District
Authors: Hamidiyah Azizatul , Kusumawati Rindha Mareta
Published: February 2022

Background:

The number of referrals at Ujoh Bilang Health Center in 2016 wa 31 referrals in 2017 there were 37 referrals in 2018 there were 41 referrals and untiil april 2019 there were 114 referrals.

Objectives:

The research objective was to analyze procedures for implementing the referral system at Ujoh Bilang Public Health Center.

Research Metodes:

This Type of research is qualitative with a case study approach through interviews, observation and documentation of 4 informants namely doctors, nurses, the Head of Administration and the Head of Community Health Center. Data analysis techniques are data collection, reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing

Findings:

The results of the study was to procedures for implementing the referral system based on National Referral System Guidelines but the public health center can’t reach refferal health facilities beacuse online network facilities were not available. The referral procedure at Ujoh Bilang Helath Center is in accordance with the National Referral System Guidlines but the puskesmas does not contact the referral destination health facility before the patient is referred because there is ni inline referral

Conclusion:

It was concluded that the provision of an internet network was inadequate, the puskesmas did not contact health facilities before seeing patients. Suggestionsfor the Ujoh Bilang Public Health Center Are to Provide an internet network in the form of wifi