bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantum teleportation using highly coherent emission from telecom C-band quantum dots
Authors: Anderson M. , Müller T. , Huwer J. , Skiba-Szymanska J. , Krysa A. B. , Stevenson R. M. , Heffernan J. , Ritchie D. A. , Shields A. J.
Published: January 2020

A practical way to link separate nodes in quantum networks is to send photons over the standard telecom fibre network. This requires sub-Poissonian photon sources in the wavelength band around 1550 nm, with photon coherence times sufficient to enable the many interference-based technologies at the heart of quantum networks. Here, we show that droplet epitaxy InAs/InP quantum dots emitting in the telecom C-band can provide photons with coherence times exceeding 1 ns under low power non-resonant excitation, and demonstrate that these coherence times enable near-optimal interference with a C-band polarisation-encoded laser qubit, with visibilities only limited by the quantum dot multiphoton emission. Using entangled photons, we further show teleportation of such qubits in six different bases with average postselected fidelity reaching 88.3 ± 4.0%. Beyond direct applications in long-distance quantum communication, the high degree of coherence in these quantum dots is promising for future spin-based telecom quantum network applications.
Role of Adhesion Stress in Controlling Transition between Plastic, Grinding and Breakaway Regimes of Adhesive Wear
Authors: Dimaki Andrey V. , Shilko Evgeny V. , Dudkin Ivan V. , Psakhie Sergey G. , Popov Valentin L.
Published: January 2020

A discrete-element based model of elastic-plastic materials with non-ideal plasticity and with an account of both cohesive and adhesive interactions inside the material is developed and verified. Based on this model, a detailed study of factors controlling the modes of adhesive wear is performed. Depending on the material and loading parameters, we observed three main modes of wear: slipping, plastic grinding, cleavage, and breakaway. We find that occurrence of a particular mode is determined by the combination of two dimensionless material parameters: (1) the ratio of the adhesive stress to the pure shear strength of the material, and (2) sensitivity parameter of material shear strength to local pressure. The case study map of asperity wear modes in the space of these parameters has been constructed. Results of this study further develop the findings of the widely discussed studies by the groups of J.-F. Molinari and L. Pastewka.
Early pregnancy ultrasound measurements and prediction of first trimester pregnancy loss: A logistic model
Authors: Detti Laura , Francillon Ludwig , Christiansen Mary E. , Peregrin-Alvarez Irene , Goedecke Patricia J. , Bursac Zoran , Roman Robert A.
Published: January 2020

Our objective was to prospectively validate the use of gestational sac (GS), yolk sac (YS) diameter, crown-rump length (CRL), and embryonal heart rate (HR) dimensions to identify early pregnancy loss. This was a prospective cohort study of first trimester pregnancies. GS and YS diameter, CRL, and HR measurements were serially obtained in singleton and twin pregnancies from 6 through 10 weeks’ gestation. Non-parametric tests and logistic regression models were used for comparisons of distributions and testing of associations. A total of 252 patients were included, of which 199 were singleton pregnancies, 51 were twins, and 2 were triplets (304 total fetuses). Fifty-two patients had 61 losses. We built nomograms with the changes of the parameters evaluated in ongoing, as well as in pregnancy loss. In the pregnancies which failed, all the parameters showed significant changes, with different temporal onsets: GS and YS were the first to become abnormal, deviating from normality as early as 6 weeks’ gestation (OR 0.01, 95% CI 0.0–0.09, and OR 3.36, 95% CI 1.53–7.34, respectively), followed by changes in HR, and CRL, which became evident at 7 and 8 weeks (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.92–1.0, and OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.48–0.73, respectively). Our observations showed that, after 5 complete weeks’ gestation, a small GS and a large YS reliably predicted pregnancy loss. The YS reliably identified the occurrence of a miscarriage at least 7 days prior its occurrence. CRL and HR became abnormal at a later time in pregnancy and closer to the event. These findings have important implications for patient counseling and care planning, as well as a potential bearing on cost effectiveness within early pregnancy care.
A bispecific IgG format containing four independent antigen binding sites
Authors: Ljungars Anne , Schiött Torbjörn , Mattson Ulrika , Steppa Jessica , Hambe Björn , Semmrich Monika , Ohlin Mats , Tornberg Ulla-Carin , Mattsson Mikael
Published: January 2020

Bispecific antibodies come in many different formats, including the particularly interesting two-in-one antibodies, where one conventional IgG binds two different antigens. The IgG format allows these antibodies to mediate Fc-related functionality, and their wild-type structure ensures low immunogenicity and enables standard methods to be used for development. It is however difficult, time-consuming and costly to generate two-in-one antibodies. Herein we demonstrate a new approach to create a similar type of antibody by combining two different variable heavy (VH) domains in each Fab arm of an IgG, a tetra-VH IgG format. The VHs are used as building blocks, where one VH is placed at its usual position, and the second VH replaces the variable light (VL) domain in a conventional IgG. VH domains, binding several different types of antigens, were discovered and could be rearranged in any combination, offering a convenient “plug and play” format. The tetra-VH IgGs were found to be functionally tetravalent, binding two antigens on each arm of the IgG molecule simultaneously. This offers a new strategy to also create monospecific, tetravalent IgGs that, depending on antigen architecture and mode-of-action, may have enhanced efficacy compared to traditional bivalent antibodies.
Retinitis Pigmentosa Due to Rp1 Biallelic Variants
Authors: Silva Rita Sousa , Salles Mariana Vallim , Motta Fabiana Louise , Sallum Juliana Maria Ferraz
Published: January 2020

In the present study, we screened 529 Brazilian individuals affected by inherited retinal disorders. A total of seven unrelated and nonsyndromic patients with RP1 biallelic variants (OMIM # 180100) were diagnosed in our centre and included in the study. They had classic retinitis pigmentosa with diagnosis at the first decade of life. The visual acuities were severely affected at a young age. The fundus aspects were similar among all patients. An atrophic ring was present around the fovea in several cases. All patients had molecular diagnosis, with six different RP1 variants. This study reports two new pathogenic variants - two frameshift duplications (c.1234dupA p.Met412Asnfs*7 and c.1265dupC p.Ala423Cysfs*2) and reinforces other four known pathogenic variants – two frameshift deletions (c.469delG p.Val157Trpfs*16 and c.3843delT p.Pro1282Leufs*12) and two stop gain mutations (c.1186 C > T p.Arg396* and c.1625C > G p.Ser542*). These findings broaden the spectrum of RP1 variants. This study also reviewed the fundus characteristics that clinically could raise the hypothesis of a retinitis pigmentosa due to RP1 gene. It is worthwhile to try to identify the disease-causing variants in each patient since it can provide prognostic information and be useful in genetic consultation and diagnosis in the future.
Isolation and characterization of nutrient dependent pyocyanin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its dye and agrochemical properties
Authors: DeBritto Savitha , Gajbar Tanzeembanu D. , Satapute Praveen , Sundaram Lalitha , Lakshmikantha Ramachandra Yarappa , Jogaiah Sudisha , Ito Shin-ichi
Published: January 2020

Pyocyanin is a blue green phenazine pigment produced in large quantities by active cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with advantageous applications in medicine, agriculture and for the environment. Hence, in the present study, a potent bacterium was isolated from agricultural soil and was identified morphologically and by 16S rRNA sequencing as P. aeruginosa (isolate KU_BIO2). When the influence of nutrient supplements in both King’s A and Nutrient media as amended was investigated, an enhanced pyocyanin production of 2.56 µg ml−1 was achieved in King’s A medium amended with soya bean followed by 1.702 µg ml−1 of pyocyanin from the nutrient medium amended with sweet potato. Purified pyocyanin was characterized by UV-Vis Spectrophotometer and Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Furthermore, Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrum (LCMS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) confirmed its mass value at 211 and as N-CH3 protons resonating at 3.363 ppm as a singlet respectively. The isolated pyocyanin displayed remarkable dye property by inducing color change in cotton cloth from white to pink. Lastly, the antifungal activity of test pyocyanin showed inhibition of growth of rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe grisea and bacterial blight of rice, Xanthomonas oryzae at concentrations of 150 and 200 ppm, respectively. Thus, this investigation provides evidence for diverse actions of pyocyanin which are nutrient dependent and are capable of acting on a large scale, by utilizing microbes existing in agriculture wastes, and thus could be used as an alternative source in the making of natural textile dyes with strong durability and a broad spectrum of ecofriendly agrochemicals.
Whole-genome and time-course dual RNA-Seq analyses reveal chronic pathogenicity-related gene dynamics in the ginseng rusty root rot pathogen Ilyonectria robusta
Authors: Guan Yiming , Chen Meili , Ma Yingying , Du Zhenglin , Yuan Na , Li Yu , Xiao Jingfa , Zhang Yayu
Published: January 2020

Ilyonectria robusta causes rusty root rot, the most devastating chronic disease of ginseng. Here, we for the first time report the high-quality genome of the I. robusta strain CD-56. Time-course (36 h, 72 h, and 144 h) dual RNA-Seq analysis of the infection process was performed, and many genes, including candidate effectors, were found to be associated with the progression and success of infection. The gene expression profile of CD-56 showed a trend of initial inhibition and then gradually returned to a profile similar to that of the control. Analyses of the gene expression patterns and functions of pathogenicity-related genes, especially candidate effector genes, indicated that the stress response changed to an adaptive response during the infection process. For ginseng, gene expression patterns were highly related to physiological conditions. Specifically, the results showed that ginseng defenses were activated by CD-56 infection and persisted for at least 144 h thereafter but that the mechanisms invoked were not effective in preventing CD-56 growth. Moreover, CD-56 did not appear to fully suppress plant defenses, even in late stages after infection. Our results provide new insight into the chronic pathogenesis of CD-56 and the comprehensive and complex inducible defense responses of ginseng root to I. robusta infection.
The origin and current situation of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 in Israel and the Middle East
Authors: Maymon Marcel , Sela Noa , Shpatz Uri , Galpaz Navot , Freeman Stanley
Published: January 2020

Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) is considered one of the most devastating soilborne fungal pathogens of banana worldwide. Foc causing mortality to Cavendish group bananas, and belonging to the unique vegetative compatibility group (VCG) 01213/16 has been termed tropical race 4 (TR4) and has currently been renamed F. odoratissimum. The pathogen that was first detected approximately 50 years ago in South East Asia, has since spread to countries within the greater Mekong subregion and to Australia. Recently, the pathogen disseminated to India, Pakistan, Oman and Mozambique (Africa) and was identified in the South American continent in Colombia in 2019. In the Middle East, TR4 was first reported from Jordan and Lebanon, and later from Israel in 2016. In Israel, the pathogen was identified as TR4 by VCG tests, pathogenicity assays and molecular verification. The complete genomes of five representative TR4 isolates including two from Israel, one from Jordan, one from the Philippines, and one from Indonesia were sequenced, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analyses were conducted. SNPs were compared to 11 additional sequenced TR4 isolates, to determine the origin of the Israeli isolates. SNP detection and phylogeographical analyses determined that the Middle Eastern isolates are closely related, indicating that the pathogen most likely spread to Israel from Jordan, while those from Colombia are related to a representative isolate from Indonesia.
Factors associated with false negative interferon-γ release assay results in patients with tuberculosis: A systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Yamasue Mari , Komiya Kosaku , Usagawa Yuko , Umeki Kenji , Nureki Shin-ichi , Ando Masaru , Hiramatsu Kazufumi , Nagai Hideaki , Kadota Jun-ichi
Published: January 2020

Which factors are related to false negative results of the interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) is unclear. This systematic review described the risk factors associated with false negative IGRA results. Two authors independently identified studies designed to evaluate risk factors for false negative IGRA results from PubMed, the Cochrane Register of Control Trial database, and EMBASE, accessed on October 22, 2018. Meta-analyses were conducted with random-effect models, and heterogeneity was calculated with the I2 method. Of 1,377 titles and abstracts screened, 47 full texts were selected for review, and we finally included 17 studies in this systematic review. The most commonly studied risk factor (14 studies) was advanced age, followed by low peripheral lymphocyte counts (7 studies), and these factors were associated with false negative results even with different tuberculosis incidences (pooled odds ratio 2.06; 95% CI, 1.68–2.52 in advanced age and 2.68; 95% CI, 2.00–3.61 in low peripheral lymphocyte counts). Advanced age and low peripheral lymphocyte counts may be common risk factors for false negative IGRA results, suggesting that people with these factors need to be carefully followed, even if they have negative IGRA results.
Fine-scale species distribution modelling and genotyping by sequencing to examine hybridisation between two narrow endemic plant species
Authors: Ball J. W. , Robinson T. P. , Wardell-Johnson G. W. , Bovill J. , Byrne M. , Nevill P. G.
Published: January 2020

Hybridization has an important and often positive role in plant evolution. However, it can also have negative consequences for species. Two closely related species of Ornduffia are endemic to the Porongurup Range in the South West Australian Global Biodiversity Hotspot. The rare Ornduffia calthifolia is found exclusively on the summits, while O. marchantii is more widely dispersed across a greater range of elevation and is not considered threatened. Hybridisation in suitable overlapping habitat has been suspected between them for decades. Here we combine genotyping by sequencing to verify hybridisation genetically, and fine scale (2 m resolution) species distribution modelling (SDM) to test if hybrids occur in suitable intersecting habitat. From a study area of c. 4700 ha, SDM identified c. 275 ha and c. 322 ha of suitable habitat for O. calthifolia and O. marchantii, respectively. We identified range overlap between species of c. 59 ha), which enveloped 32 individuals confirmed to be hybrids. While the hybrids were at the margin of suitable habitat for O. marchantii, their preference for elevated habitat was closer to the more narrowly distributed O. calthifolia. The combination of genetic data and fine scale spatial modelling approaches enabled a better understanding of hybridisation among taxa of conservation significance. However, the level to which hybrid proliferation and competition for habitat presents as a threat to O. calthifolia is currently unknown and requires priority in conservation management given the threats from global warming and disturbance by tourism.
Biophysical differentiation of susceptibility and chemical differences inStaphylococcus aureus
Authors: Hilton Shannon Huey , Crowther Claire V. , McLaren Alex , Smithers Jared P. , Hayes Mark A.
Published: January 2020

Dielectrophoresis and electrophoresis are used to differentiate native cells for methicillin resistant (MRSA) and susceptibleStaphylococcus aureusstrains.
Low temperature dissociation of CO on manganese promoted cobalt(poly)
Authors: Ciufo Ryan A. , Han Sungmin , Floto Michael E. , Henkelman Graeme , Mullins C. Buddie
Published: January 2020

Metallic Mn alloyed with Co(poly) promotes dissociation of CO at low temperature in model Fischer–Tropsch systems.
Modelling the clogging of a field filtration system used for stormwater harvesting
Authors: Kandra Harpreet , McCarthy David T. , Deletic Ana , Zhang Kefeng
Published: January 2020

A model was developed to simulate the clogging of a field-scale stormwater harvesting system with high flow filters over 2.5-year.
Reactions of pyrrole, imidazole, and pyrazole with ozone: kinetics and mechanisms
Authors: Tekle-Röttering Agnes , Lim Sungeun , Reisz Erika , Lutze Holger V. , Abdighahroudi Mohammad Sajjad , Willach Sarah , Schmidt Winfried , Tentscher Peter R. , Rentsch Daniel , McArdell Christa S. , Schmidt Torsten C. , von Gunten Urs
Published: January 2020

Kinetics and transformation products for the reactions of ozone with pyrrole, imidazole, and pyrazole were determined. For the imidazole–ozone reaction, all possible transformation products were identified, completing the mass balance.
The Soret effect in dry polymer electrolyte
Authors: Mentor Jesufane Jenny , Torres Richard , Hallinan Daniel T.
Published: January 2020

The Soret effect results in a concentration gradient when a mixture is exposed to a temperature gradient.
Nanodiamonds as a state-of-the-art material for enhancing the gamma radiation resistance properties of polymeric membranes
Authors: Bedar Amita , Goswami Nitesh , Singha Amit K. , Kumar Virendra , Debnath Anil K. , Sen Debasis , Aswal Vinod K. , Kumar Sanjay , Dutta Dhanadeep , Keshavkumar Biju , Ghodke Sharwari , Jain Ratnesh , Singh Beena G. , Tewari Pradeep K. , Bindal Ramesh C. , Kar Soumitra
Published: January 2020

Radiation effects on polysulfone membranes without and with incorporating nanodiamonds into the polysulfone matrix.
Structural and spectroscopic studies of a nanostructured silicon–perovskite interface
Authors: Gonzalez-Rodriguez Roberto , Costa Viviana C. P. , Delport Géraud , Frohna Kyle , Hoye Robert L. Z. , Stranks Samuel D. , Coffer Jeffery L.
Published: January 2020

This work investigates the formation of APbBr3 structures (A = CH3NH3+ (MA), Cs+) in silicon and oxidized silicon nanotubes (SiNTs) with varying inner diameter, as well as the role of the interface in perovskite spectroscopic properties.
Porous honeycomb-like NiSe2/red phosphorus heteroarchitectures for photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Jia Jia , Bai Xue , Zhang Qiqi , Hu Xiaoyun , Liu Enzhou , Fan Jun
Published: January 2020

A porous honeycomb-like NiSe2/RP heterojunction photocatalyst with nanoscale precision for H2 evolution.
Dexamethasone loaded bilayered 3D tubular scaffold reduces restenosis at the anastomotic site of tracheal replacement: in vitro and in vivo assessments
Authors: Lee Sang Jin , Choi Ji Suk , Eom Min Rye , Jo Ha Hyeon , Kwon Il Keun , Kwon Seong Keun , Park Su A
Published: January 2020

Despite recent developments in the tracheal tissue engineering field, the creation of a patient specific substitute possessing both appropriate mechanical and biointerfacial properties remains challenging.
The role of titanium-deficient anatase TiO2interlayers in boosting lithium–sulfur battery performance: polysulfide trapping, catalysis and enhanced lithium ion transport
Authors: Yang Jingbo , Xu Lingyun , Li Shizhen , Peng Chuang
Published: January 2020

Despite the high theoretical energy density, lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are currently facing two major problems,i.e., the shuttle of polysulfides and sluggish redox kinetics.
Naturally derived honeycomb-like N,S-codoped hierarchical porous carbon with MS2 (M = Co, Ni) decoration for high-performance Li–S battery
Authors: Liu Jintao , Xiao Shu Hao , Zhang Zheye , Chen Yuan , Xiang Yong , Liu Xingquan , Chen Jun Song , Chen Peng
Published: January 2020

A 3D electrocatalyst designed by ginkgo-nut derived porous carbon with CoS2 nanoparticles decoration exhibits a high Li–S battery performance. This is ascribed to a high binding energy towards LiPSs and a low Li+ diffusion energy barrier of CoS2.
Facile synthesis of nickel–copper hollow spheres as efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting
Authors: Lin Lifeng , Chen Min , Wu Limin
Published: January 2020

In this work, we report the facile synthesis of NixCuy@C hollow spheres as highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting.
Metal organic frameworks as a compatible reinforcement in a biopolymer bone scaffold
Authors: Yang Youwen , Zan Jun , Yang Wenjing , Qi Fangwei , He Chongxian , Huang Shuhui , Peng Shuping , Shuai Cijun
Published: January 2020

The insufficient mechanical strength and slow degradation rate of poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) limit its applications in bone repair.
Recent advances on polydiacetylene-based smart materials for biomedical applications
Authors: Fang Fang , Meng Fanling , Luo Liang
Published: January 2020

This review summarized most recent advances of designing strategies of polydiacetylene-based smart biomaterials with unique colorimetric and mechanical properties, as well as their applications in biosensing, drug delivery, and tissue engineering.
In vitro assessment of the bioactivities of sericin protein extracted from a bacterial silk-like biopolymer
Authors: El-Fakharany Esamil M. , Abu-Elreesh Gadallah M. , Kamoun Elbadawy A. , Zaki Sahar , Abd-EL-Haleem Desouky A.
Published: January 2020

Sericin is one of the main components of silk proteins, which has numerous biomedical applications because of its antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial properties.
Evaluating students’ learning gains, strategies, and errors using OrgChem101's module: organic mechanisms—mastering the arrows
Authors: Carle Myriam S. , Visser Rebecca , Flynn Alison B.
Published: January 2020

We developed an online learning module called “Organic Mechanisms: Mastering the Arrows” to help students learn part of organic chemistry's language—the electron-pushing formalism. The module guides students to learn and practice the electron-pushing formalism using a combination of interactive videos, questions with instant feedback, and metacognitive skill-building opportunities. This module is part of OrgChem101.com, an open educational resource (OER) that houses a series of learning modules. To evaluate the mechanism module's effects on students’ learning and experiences, we offered a workshop during which undergraduate students used the module. We investigated their learning gainsviaa pre-test and post-test format and their experiences using a survey. Analysis of responses revealed significant learning gains between the pre- and post-test, especially with questions that asked students to draw the products of a reaction. After using the learning tool, students used more analysis strategies, such as mapping, attempted more questions, and made fewer errors. The students reported positive experiences and a belief that the module would help them in their organic chemistry courses. Previous work also identified greater metacognitive skills after using the module, related to the module's intended learning outcomes. Herein, we describe the module, evaluation study, findings, and implications for research and practice.
n → π* interactions as a versatile tool for controlling dynamic imine chemistry in both organic and aqueous media
Authors: Chen Hang , Ye Hebo , Hai Yu , Zhang Ling , You Lei
Published: January 2020

A versatile strategy of n → π* interactions was developed for tunable control of dynamic imine chemistry and the regulation of imine formation/exchange in water.
Polydopamine/hydroxyapatite nanowire-based bilayered membrane for photothermal-driven membrane distillation
Authors: Cao Sisi , Wu Xuanhao , Zhu Yaguang , Gupta Rohit , Tan Albern , Wang Zhongyang , Jun Young-Shin , Singamaneni Srikanth
Published: January 2020

In developing countries and resource-limited regions, where no power infrastructure is available, photothermal-driven membrane distillation (PMD) has been recognized as an attractive and sustainable technology for freshwater generation.
Low-temperature crystallization and paraelectric–ferroelectric phase transformation in nanoscale ZrO2 thin films induced by atomic layer plasma treatment
Authors: Yi Sheng-Han , Huang Kuei-Wen , Lin Hsin-Chih , Chen Miin-Jang
Published: January 2020

Crystallization and ferroelectricity with high endurance are achieved in ZrO2 thin films at low temperature using an atomic layer plasma treatment technique.
Recent advances in metal-catalysed asymmetric sequential double hydrofunctionalization of alkynes
Authors: Cheng Zhaoyang , Guo Jun , Lu Zhan
Published: January 2020

Recent advances in various metal-catalysed asymmetric sequential double hydrofunctionalizations of alkynes have been highlighted in this feature article.
Reducing end modification on cellulose nanocrystals: strategy, characterization, applications and challenges
Authors: Tao Han , Lavoine Nathalie , Jiang Feng , Tang Juntao , Lin Ning
Published: January 2020

Decorating aldehyde groups on the reducing end of rod-like cellulose nanocrystals provides region-selective modification for expanding diverse applications.
Single-molecule mechanical unfolding experiments reveal a critical length for the formation of α-helices in peptides
Authors: Sluysmans Damien , Willet Nicolas , Thevenot Julie , Lecommandoux Sébastien , Duwez Anne-Sophie
Published: January 2020

α-helices in peptide sequences made of more than 20 amino acid residues selffold in a structure made of short helices instead of an intact compact helix.
Genetic evidences for the core biosynthesis pathway, regulation, transport and secretion of liamocins in yeast-like fungal cells
Authors: Xue Si-Jia , Liu Guang-Lei , Chi Zhe , Gao Zhi-Chao , Hu Zhong , Chi Zhen-Ming
Published: January 2020

So far, it has been still unknown how liamocins are biosynthesized, regulated, transported and secreted. In this study, a highly reducing polyketide synthase (HR-PKS), a mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (MPDH), a mannitol dehydrogenase (MtDH), an arabitol dehydrogenase (ArDH) and an esterase (Est1) were found to be closely related to core biosynthesis of extracellular liamocins in Aureobasidium melanogenum 6-1-2. The HR-PKS was responsible for biosynthesis of 3,5-dihydroxydecanoic acid. The MPDH and MtDH were implicated in mannitol biosynthesis and the ArDH was involved in arabitol biosynthesis. The Est1 catalyzed ester bond formation of them. A phosphopantetheine transferase (PPTase) activated the HR-PKS and a transcriptional activator Ga11 activated expression of the PKS1 gene. Therefore, deletion of the PKS1 gene, all the three genes encoding MPDH, MtDH and ArDH, the EST1, the gene responsible for PPTase and the gene for Ga11 made all the disruptants (Δpks13, Δpta13, Δest1, Δp12 and Δg11) totally lose the ability to produce any liamocins. A GLTP gene encoding a glycolipid transporter and a MDR1 gene encoding an ABC transporter took part in transport and secretion of the produced liamocins into medium. Removal of the GLTP gene and the MDR1 gene resulted in a Δgltp1 mutant and a Δmdr16 mutant, respectively, that lost the partial ability to secrete liamocins, but which cells were swollen and intracellular lipid accumulation was greatly enhanced. Hydrolysis of liamocins released 3,5-dihydroxydecanoic acid, mannitol, arabitol and acetic acid. We proposed a core biosynthesis pathway, regulation, transport and secretion of liamocins in A. melanogenum.
DNA is the key to unlocking our ancient African past
Authors: Coutinho Alexandra , Vicente Mário , Schlebusch Carina
Published: January 2020

Each region of the world, and the human groups living in them, have unique histories of migration, genetic mixing (admixture) and adaptation that have shaped their past. While archaeology has been of extreme value in elucidating this complex, multifaceted past, the genesis of DNA studies has enriched their story, and now ancient DNA (aDNA) has helped answer even more questions surrounding our prehistory. aDNA offers a unique opportunity to access genetic variation of past populations and enables us to contextualize past populations in present-day genetic variation. By linking the past to the present in this way, we now have a deeper understanding of our prehistory, and how our genetic landscape has changed from the past to the present. However, the study of aDNA is complex and there are various factors that need to be considered to yield successful aDNA results.
Ancient DNA helps trace the peopling of the world
Authors: Llamas Bastien , Rada Xavier Roca , Collen Evelyn
Published: January 2020

Many of us are fascinated by narratives regarding the origin and evolution of our species. Who are we? How did we people the world? Answers to these simple questions remain elusive even though researchers have been quite successful in describing past human morphology and culture using evidence from anthropology, archaeology, history, sociology and linguistics. However, when they address human migrations, archaeologists are somewhat restricted to surviving artifactual evidence and limited to descriptions of culture expansions, which may have occurred by the movement of either ideas or people. The advent of genomics, by which one can sequence whole or part of an individual's DNA, provided a powerful means to dig into past human demographic history. Notably, the coalescent theory posits that individuals in a population share genetic variants that originated from a common ancestor. This powerful theory is the basis for a number of bioanalytical innovations that utilize genetic data to reconstruct human movements around the world.
Sex and the CTAG: what ancient DNA tells us about our ancestors' liaisons
Authors: Scheib Christiana
Published: January 2020

The development of next-generation sequencing (NGS), a technology coincidentally well-suited to highly fragmented, low copy number DNA sources, spawned a rapid expansion in the field of ancient DNA (aDNA). It has gathered a reputation as a sexy subject, quite literally. Some of the headlines targeted to the public: ‘Mystery humans spiced up ancients' sex lives’ in Nature News or ‘Viking sex tourists lived happily ever after with Britons’ from The Independent, would make any scientist blush and probably want to bang their head against a brick wall. As problematic as these headlines are, people keep writing them because sex sells and while aDNA might not tell us exactly what our ancestors were into, it has and will continue to provide other unique insights regarding our reproductive past.
A beginner's guide to solution small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS)
Authors: Gräwert Melissa , Svergun Dmitri
Published: January 2020

The Beginner's Guide series covers key techniques and offers the scientifically literate but not necessarily expert audience a background briefing on the underlying science of a technique that is (or will be) widely used in molecular bioscience. The series covers a mixture of techniques, including some that are well established amongst a subset of our readership but not necessarily familiar to those in different specialisms. This Beginner's Guide introduces solution small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Solution small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is a powerful technique, which is complementary to different bioanalytical and structural methods. With straightforward data collection procedures and minimal restrictions in sample environment, information on size, shape and conformational flexibility of biological macromolecules and complexes in near native solutions can be rapidly obtained. Here, we highlight the recent developments that have advanced SAXS to a versatile tool with the capability to enrich almost any biochemical study.
The Influence of Language Context on Repetitive Speech Use in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Gladfelter Allison , VanZuiden Cassidy
Published: January 2020

Purpose

Although repetitive speech is a hallmark characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the contributing factors that influence repetitive speech use remain unknown. The purpose of this exploratory study was to determine if the language context impacts the amount and type of repetitive speech produced by children with ASD.

Method

As part of a broader word-learning study, 11 school-age children with ASD participated in two different language contexts: storytelling and play. Previously collected language samples were transcribed and coded for four types of repetitive speech: immediate echolalia, delayed echolalia, verbal stereotypy, and vocal stereotypy. The rates and proportions of repetitive speech were compared across the two language contexts using Wilcoxon signed-ranks tests. Individual characteristics were further explored using Spearman correlations.

Results

The children produced lower rates of repetitive speech during the storytelling context than the play-based context. Only immediate echolalia differed between the two contexts based on rate and approached significance based on proportion, with more immediate echolalia produced in the play-based context than in the storytelling context. There were no significant correlations between repetitive speech and measures of social responsiveness, expressive or receptive vocabulary, or nonverbal intelligence.

Conclusions

The children with ASD produced less immediate echolalia in the storytelling context than in the play-based context. Immediate echolalia use was not related to social skills, vocabulary, or nonverbal IQ scores. These findings offer valuable insights into better understanding repetitive speech use in children with ASD.
The Spectrometer/Telescope for Imaging X-rays (STIX)
Authors: Krucker Säm , Hurford G. J. , Grimm O. , Kögl S. , Gröbelbauer H.-P , Etesi L. , Casadei D. , Csillaghy A. , Benz A. O. , Arnold N. G. , Molendini F. , Orleanski P. , Schori D. , Xiao H. , Kuhar M. , Hochmuth N. , Felix S. , Schramka F. , Marcin S. , Kobler S. , Iseli L. , Dreier M. , Wiehl H. J. , Kleint L. , Battaglia M. , Lastufka E. , Sathiapal H. , Lapadula K. , Bednarzik M. , Birrer G. , Stutz St. , Wild Ch. , Marone F. , Skup K. R. , Cichocki A. , Ber K. , Rutkowski K. , Bujwan W. , Juchnikowski G. , Winkler M. , Darmetko M. , Michalska M. , Seweryn K. , Białek A. , Osica P. , Sylwester J. , Kowalinski M. , Ścisłowski D. , Siarkowski M. , Stęślicki M. , Mrozek T. , Podgórski P. , Meuris A. , Limousin O. , Gevin O. , Le Mer I. , Brun S. , Strugarek A. , Vilmer N. , Musset S. , Maksimović M. , Fárník F. , Kozáček Z. , Kašparová J. , Mann G. , Önel H. , Warmuth A. , Rendtel J. , Anderson J. , Bauer S. , Dionies F. , Paschke J. , Plüschke D. , Woche M. , Schuller F. , Veronig A. M. , Dickson E. C. M. , Gallagher P. T. , Maloney S. A. , Bloomfield D. S. , Piana M. , Massone A. M. , Benvenuto F. , Massa P. , Schwartz R. A. , Dennis B. R. , van Beek H. F. , Rodríguez-Pacheco J. , Lin R. P.
Published: January 2020

Aims. The Spectrometer Telescope for Imaging X-rays (STIX) on Solar Orbiter is a hard X-ray imaging spectrometer, which covers the energy range from 4 to 150 keV. STIX observes hard X-ray bremsstrahlung emissions from solar flares and therefore provides diagnostics of the hottest (⪆10 MK) flare plasma while quantifying the location, spectrum, and energy content of flare-accelerated nonthermal electrons.

Methods. To accomplish this, STIX applies an indirect bigrid Fourier imaging technique using a set of tungsten grids (at pitches from 0.038 to 1 mm) in front of 32 coarsely pixelated CdTe detectors to provide information on angular scales from 7 to 180 arcsec with 1 keV energy resolution (at 6 keV). The imaging concept of STIX has intrinsically low telemetry and it is therefore well-suited to the limited resources available to the Solar Orbiter payload. To further reduce the downlinked data volume, STIX data are binned on board into 32 selectable energy bins and dynamically-adjusted time bins with a typical duration of 1 s during flares.

Results. Through hard X-ray diagnostics, STIX provides critical information for understanding the acceleration of electrons at the Sun and their transport into interplanetary space and for determining the magnetic connection of Solar Orbiter back to the Sun. In this way, STIX serves to link Solar Orbiter’s remote and in-situ measurements.
Implementation of three gamma measuring stations on the Colentec loop in Cadarache for the on line observation of the clogging phenomena in Steam Generator
Authors: Loubet L. , Allinei P.G. , Schindler P. , Pointeau V.
Published: January 2020

The Tube Support Plate blockage, also named clogging, is a complex phenomenon that can occur in the steam generator of Pressurized Water Reactors. This deposit of iron oxides, that can reduce the coolant flux and constraint the primary tubes, could have significant consequences on heat exchanges and the integrity of the primary tubes. Since 2014, an experimental program carried out jointly by CEA-EDF, has been performed on a representative dedicated equipment, the COLENTEC loop at Cadarache. The physico-chemical properties of the deposit formed (chemical composition, thickness...) were determined at the end of each experimental campaign lead at thermohydraulic and chemical stable conditions. ...

In order to determine the influence on clogging of parameters such as the chemistry, the temperature, the pressure in an on line process and without performing separate experimental campaigns, a method of measurement on radioactive tracer, the gamma emitter 59Fe, has been studied by our laboratory.

First, a modelization with a monte carlo code, MCNP, has been carried out with the geometrical configuration of the Tube Support Plate zone of COLENTEC in order to determine the most adapted measuring station. These calculations had shown that a 30% efficiency, high purity, germanium detector, with a specific collimation would be able to detect the accumulation of 59Fe in the Tube Support Plate of COLENTEC.

Then, in order to improve and ensure those important online measurements, our laboratory has proposed the installation of two additional measuring stations. One will be dedicated to a second on-line measurement, with a gamma detector of the same type, but positioned on a section of the loop remote from the previous area, to verify that there is no significant secondary deposit evolution elsewhere on the circuit. The last additional gamma measurement station will consist of a low background system able to carry out 59Fe concentration measurements of liquid samples taken from the loop during the test.

This paper presents the context of this experiment and then focuses on the spectrometry measuring stations, modelizations and tests.
JSI TRIGA neutron and gamma field characterization by TLD measurements
Authors: Ambrožič Klemen , Malik Klaudia , Obryk Barkara , Snoj Luka
Published: January 2020

A well characterized radiation field inside a research nuclear reactor irradiation facilities enables precise qualification of radiation effects to the irradiated samples such as nuclear heating or changes in their electrical or material properties. To support the increased utilization of the JSI TRIGA reactor irradiation facilities in the past few years mainly on account of testing novel detector designs, electronic components and material samples, we are working on increasing the neutron and gamma field characterization accuracy using various modeling and measurement techniques.

In this paper we present the dose field measurements using thermo-luminescent detectors (TLD’s) with different sensitivities neutron and gamma sensitivities, along with multiple ionization and fission chamber. Experiment was performed in several steps from reactor start-up, steady operation and a rapid shutdown, during which the ionization and fission chamber signals were acquires continuously, while the TLD’s were being irradiated at different stages during reactor operation and after shutdown, to also capture response to delayed neutron and gamma field. The results presented in this paper serve for validation of JSI designed JSIR2S code for delayed radiation field determination, initial results of its application on the JSI TRIGA TLD measurements will also be presented.
Geometrical optimization for a photovoltaic installation equipped with flat reflectors based on plane of array estimations
Authors: Abdel Nour Christine , Migan-Dubois Anne , Badosa Jordi , Bourdin Vincent , Marchand Claude , Akiki Tilda
Published: January 2020

In order to design, manage and optimize the performance of a photovoltaic (PV) installation and establish a precise power production estimation, irradiance on the plane of array (POA) in relation with the geometrical characteristics of the PV modules installation occupies a high importance. This study focuses on the development of an estimation model of the POA irradiance for a photovoltaic installation equipped with flat reflectors. The model includes solar irradiance components (global, direct and diffuse), geometrical parameters and geographical characteristics of the PV installation. Experimental validations have been performed with measurements taken at the SIRTA Observatory (48.7°N, 2.2°E) in Palaiseau, France, for the period starting from June 2017 to June 2018. Results show mean absolute errors (relative to the mean) of 6% and 7% for an installation without and with planar reflector. Finally, we present several geometrical optimization strategies of the PV-reflector installation relying on two major variables: the reflector's length (LR) compared to the length of the PV module (LPV) and the tilt angle adjustment frequency (monthly, seasonally, fixed) of the system (for both PV and the reflectors). The objective of such optimization is to discuss about a reasonable configuration to achieve a maximum POA irradiance. Results show that the length of the mirrors highly affects the efficiency and performances of the PV-Reflector system and the annual gain increased from 8.5% to 28.7% when going from LR = LPV/2 to LR = 2 × LPV compared to a monthly-optimized installation without mirrors. As for the adjustment frequency, we show that a monthly-varied architecture is the most advantageous option with a 28.2 and 31.6% increasing in annual gain compared to a seasonal varied or fixed ones, respectively.
Characterization of IN 625 recycled metal powder used for selective laser melting
Authors: Condruz Mihaela Raluca , Matache Gheorghe , Paraschiv Alexandru
Published: January 2020

Additive manufacturing of high-quality materials by Selective Laser Melting depends not only on establishing appropriate process parameters, but also on the characteristics of the metal powders used and their stability over time or after recycling. The aim of the research was to characterize the IN 625 powder used over multiple manufacturing cycles with a Lasertec 30 SLM machine. In order to achieve the research's goal, virgin and recirculated powder's physical and technological characteristics were investigated. A decrease in all D-values (D10, D50, D90) of the powder size distribution was observed after multiple recirculation cycles showing a decrease of the powder dimensional range over time. Both virgin and recirculated powders are composed of mainly spherical particles, but elongated particles and satellite particles were observed as well. The dimensional evolution analysis showed a deviation from the powder ideal roundness, deviation that is more pronounced over multiple recirculation cycles. It was experimentally determined that the powders present a good flowability based on the flow rate value obtained for both virgin and recirculated powders, confirmed also by the Hausner ratio and angle of repose.
The actual knee function was not influenced by joint line obliquity after open-wedge high tibial osteotomy
Authors: Kubota Mitsuaki , Kim Youngji , Sato Taisuke , Yamaguchi Junichiro , Ohno Ryuichi , Kaneko Kazuo , Ishijima Muneaki
Published: January 2020

Purpose: Excessive joint line obliquity (JLO) after open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) induces detrimental stress on the articular cartilage. The purpose of this article is to assess the correlation between JLO and the clinical results after OWHTO.

Methods: 68 patients were followed up for more than 1 year. JLO was assessed using a long-leg standing anteroposterior radiograph. The knee osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) and KSS (Knee Society score) objective knee score were assessed as clinical scores. The Weight-bearing line ratio (WBLR), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA), and joint line convergence angle (JLCA) were assessed as radiological parameters. The timed up-and-go (TUG) test and single-leg standing (SLS) test were performed, and the isometric muscle strength of the quadriceps and hamstrings was assessed to evaluate the knee function. The primary outcomes were the correlations between the JLO and the clinical score, radiological parameters and knee function after OWHTO. The secondary objective of this study was to detect the factor with the greatest influence on JLO.

Results: There were significant correlations between the postoperative JLO and the KOOS in the subcategories of pain, activities of daily living (ADL), and sports and recreation (r = −0.311, −0.302, −0.282, p = 0.011, 0.014, 0.022, respectively). However, the postoperative JLO was not significantly correlated with the KSS, knee function, or muscle strength. The preoperative LDFA and postoperative MPTA were factors influencing increased JLO after OWHTO.

Discussion: There was no significant correlation between the JLO and the actual knee function. The preoperative LDFA and postoperative MPTA were factors that influenced the increase in JLO after OWHTO.
Praktikabilität und Leistungsfähigkeit von E-Health-Anwendungen bei der Erhebung von Patient-Reported Outcomes: Forschungsstand und -bedarf
Authors: Graf Joachim , Moreno Beatrice , Wallwiener Markus , Menzel Karina , Brucker Sara Y. , Simoes Elisabeth
Published: January 2020

Ziel der Studie E-Health-basierte Technologien spielen auch bei der Erhebung von Patient-Reported Outcomes (ePRO) eine zunehmende Rolle. Unklar bleibt jedoch, wie praktikabel und leistungsfähig E-Health-Anwendungen bei der Erhebung von PRO sind. Untersucht werden sollte daher, inwiefern die Voraussetzungen für den Einsatz von technikbasierten PRO-Instrumenten bereits erforscht sind, um einen breiten Einsatz in der „E-Health-Welt“ zu erlauben. Konkret soll festgehalten werden, welcher Forschungstand zur Praktikabilität und Leistungsfähigkeit sowie zur technischen Umsetzung besteht. Weiterhin soll untersucht werden, wie sich die grundlegenden rechtliche Vorgaben zur Durchführung von PRO-Befragungen gestalten, und inwiefern die Herausforderungen von ePRO hier bereits Einklang gefunden haben.

Methodik Literaturstudie: Selektive Literaturrecherche in Pubmed sowie in den Datenbanken von DIMDI, G-BA, FDA und EMA.

Ergebnisse Der Forschungsstand zu Hürden, Akzeptanz und Nutzenbereitschaft in Abhängigkeit von soziodemografischen Faktoren, Gesundheitsstatus und Technik-Skills ist gering, ebenso zur technischen Umsetzung. Die Vorgaben für ePRO seitens der Normengeber beschränken sich nur auf die Zusammensetzung des Erhebungsinstruments und methodische Gütekriterien. Die Voraussetzungen für einen breiten Einsatz von ePRO zwecks Ausrichtens therapeutischer Maßnahmen sind bisher nicht gegeben.

Schlussfolgerung Die Vorgaben des Normengebers müssen spezifiziert und auf die Bedürfnisse von ePRO angepasst werden. Da die Gestaltung der Tool-Oberfläche und der Grad der Usability Einfluss auf das Antwortverhalten der Patienten nehmen können, sollten im Rahmen der Implementierung insbesondere die Reliabilität und die Validität von ePRO-Erhebungen in Relation zu das Antwortverhalten determinierenden Patienten-, Krankheits-, Fragebogen- und ePRO-spezifischen Variablen fokussiert und rechtlich fixiert werden, um die Aussagekraft von PRO-Erhebungen nicht zu gefährden.