bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BIM Application in Infrastructure Projects
Authors: Vilutienė Tatjana , Šarkienė Edita , Šarka Vaidotas , Kiaulakis Arvydas
Published: August 2020

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is becoming a common language for the construction of buildings and infrastructure sectors worldwide. This paper aims at providing a broad picture of published journal papers on BIM application in infrastructure projects. The review is based on bibliometric analysis of 239 papers. The bibliometric analysis technique is used as the analysis method, which when compared to conventional literature reviews allows for the reduction in the likelihood of subjective judgments. The paper presents the review of BIM applications in infrastructure projects analysed within a 10-year period; the analysis of most recent studies and trends of applying BIM methodology identifies the gaps of BIM applications in infrastructure projects and defines future areas of research. Detailed analyses of citation networks present the co-occurrence map of keywords, citation patterns of journals, articles and the most cited journals in the research area. Research shows that BIM applications in infrastructure projects have been continuously growing with a sudden increase after 2016. The study reveals that the research in this area conducted mainly in isolation comprised disjointed and fragmented research studies. Some of the sources are not available in scientific databases.
Layout of Rest Areas and Their Infrastructure Development in the South-Eastern Region of Lithuania
Authors: Kolodinskaja Justina , Bertulienė Lina
Published: August 2020

The quality of rest areas is important to every driver and passenger for as much as safety, convenience and functionality need to be ensured. Most often fatigue and lack of sleep become the main reasons of painful accidents; thus, an efficient layout of rest areas encourages drivers to take a rest from intensive driving. National normative documents enforcing the layout of rest areas in Lithuania have been analysed and expertise of foreign countries has been examined in order to understand the planning principles of rest areas in Lithuania and to identify the key problems. Analysis of the existing situation of rest areas in the south-eastern region of Lithuania has been made for the purposes of using adequate methods leading to the increased efficiency of the layout of rest zones. Moreover, a multiple criteria assessment method along with expert opinion compatibility assessment has been used to identify the quality criteria for the selection of rest areas. Upon resolving the optimisation method coverage task, the demand of rest areas and their arrangement principles on the roads in question have been identified. Optimal layout of rest areas has been proposed relying on the worldwide experience and provisions of normative documents and guidelines.
Database limitations for studying the human gut microbiome
Authors: Dias Camila K , Starke Robert , Pylro Victor S. , Morais Daniel K.
Published: August 2020

Background

In the last twenty years, new methodologies have made possible the gathering of large amounts of data concerning the genetic information and metabolic functions associated to the human gut microbiome. In spite of that, processing all this data available might not be the simplest of tasks, which could result in an excess of information awaiting proper annotation. This assessment intended on evaluating how well respected databases could describe a mock human gut microbiome.

Methods

In this work, we critically evaluate the output of the cross–reference between the Uniprot Knowledge Base (Uniprot KB) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Orthologs (KEGG Orthologs) or the evolutionary genealogy of genes: Non-supervised Orthologous groups (EggNOG) databases regarding a list of species that were previously found in the human gut microbiome.

Results

From a list which contemplates 131 species and 52 genera, 53 species and 40 genera had corresponding entries for KEGG Database and 82 species and 47 genera had corresponding entries for EggNOG Database. Moreover, we present the KEGG Orthologs (KOs) and EggNOG Orthologs (NOGs) entries associated to the search as their distribution over species and genera and lists of functions that appeared in many species or genera, the “core” functions of the human gut microbiome. We also present the relative abundance of KOs and NOGs throughout phyla and genera. Lastly, we expose a variance found between searches with different arguments on the database entries. Inferring functionality based on cross-referencing UniProt and KEGG or EggNOG can be lackluster due to the low number of annotated species in Uniprot and due to the lower number of functions affiliated to the majority of these species. Additionally, the EggNOG database showed greater performance for a cross-search with Uniprot about a mock human gut microbiome. Notwithstanding, efforts targeting cultivation, single-cell sequencing or the reconstruction of high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAG) and their annotation are needed to allow the use of these databases for inferring functionality in human gut microbiome studies.
Impact of Different Explants and Growth Regulators on In vitro Regeneration of Chrysanthemum
Authors: Mehedi Md. Nazmul Hasan , Mitu Nurunnahar , Robbani Mahbub , Sukhi Kazi Foyjun Nesa , Rahman Md. Hasan Sofiur , Noor Md. Mahmud Al
Published: August 2020

Chrysanthemum is the world’s second most economically important flower crop and commonly known as ‘Autumn Queen’. It belongs to the family Compositeae (Asteraceae). It is native to Asia and northeastern Europe and has been cultivated for more than 2000 years. The present study within vitro regeneration of chrysanthemum was carried out to develop the standardized protocol for organogenesis. In this study, three types of explants viz. apical shoot tip, internodal segment and young leaf along with different concentrations and combinations of growth regulators were used for in vitro regeneration. BAP and KIN were used for in vitro microshoot regeneration and IBA along with 2, 4-D were used for in vitro microroot regeneration. Minimum days (7.00) for microshoot initiation, maximum microshoot initiation percentage (97.00), highest number of microshoot per plantlet (12.00), highest number of leaves per microshoot (14.60) and maximum microshoot length (4.60) at 28 DAC were recorded as best performances by apical shoot tip inoculated into MS medium supplemented with BAP 2.5 mg/L + KIN 0.5 mg/L. On the other hand, minimum days (5.00) for microroot initiation, maximum microroot initiation percentage (97.60), the highest number of microroots per plantlet (11.80) and maximum microroot length (6.20) were obtained from apical shoot tip inoculated into ½ strength MS medium supplemented with IBA 0.2 mg/L + 2, 4-D 0.1 mg/L. In case of microshoot regeneration, the best response was showed by apical shoot tip when inoculated into MS medium supplemented with BAP 2.5 mg/L + KIN 0.5 mg/L and the microrooting of plantlets were best from apical shoot tip inoculated into ½ MS medium supplemented with IBA 0.2 mg/L along with 2, 4-D 0.1 mg/L.
Proportion and Total of Commodities Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus pelagicus Linnaeus, 1758) Catches in Gebang Mekar Village, Cirebon Regency, West Java Using Crab Gillnet and Collapsible Crab Trap
Authors: Gumilar Iwang , Supriadi Dedi , Shabrina Nabilla , Khan Alexander M. A.
Published: August 2020

Blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) is one of the high economic value commodities which causes increased efforts to catch blue swimming crab in Indonesia. The effort of catching continues to increase the blue swimming crab resources in the nature that has decreased. Cirebon Regency is one of the largest blue swimming crab fishing centers in West Java with a total value of blue swimming crab production in 2017 by 7,347 tons/year. This research was conducted to determine the selecitivity level of the crab gillnet and collapsible crab trap based on the proportion and total of catches obtained in Gebang Mekar Village, Cirebon Regency. Research was conducted in September 2019 – October 2019 in Gebang Mekar Village. For this research we used are primary data; collected directly during the observations includes catch type and weight of the catches and then interviews with several crab gillnet and collapsible crab trap fisherman and secondary data; data from official agencies and some literature. Our research suppose the moonlight phase effect of the blue swimming crab catch. Based on the research, it can be concluded that the crab gillnet with 3.5 inch mesh size and collapsible crab trap that operated in Gebang Mekar Village may be called a selective fishing gears but crab gillnet is more  eficient as compared to collapsible crab.
Assessing the Best Fit Probability Distribution Model for Wind Speed Data for Different Sites of Burkina Faso
Authors: Boro Drissa , Thierry Ky , Kieno Florent P. , Bathiebo Joseph
Published: August 2020

In order to estimate the power output of a wind turbine, optimise its sizing and forecast the economic rate of return and risks of a wind energy project, wind speed distribution modelling is crucial. For which, Weibull distribution is considered as one of the most acceptable model. However, this distribution does not fit certain wind speed regimes. The objective of this study is to model the frequency distribution of the three-hourly wind speed at ten sites of Burkina Faso. In this context, we compared the accuracy of five distributions (Weibull, Hybrid Weibull, Rayleigh, Gamma and inverse Gaussian) which gave satisfactory results in this field. The maximum likelihood method was used to fit the distributions to the measured data. According to the statistical analysis tools (the coefficient of determination and the root mean square error), it was found that the Weibull distribution is most suited to the Bobo, Dédougou, Ouaga and Ouahigouya sites. On the other hand, for the sites of Bogandé, Fada and Po, the hybrid Weibull distribution is the most suitable one. As to the inverse Gaussian distribution, it is the most suitable for the Boromo, Dori and Gaoua sites. In addition, the analysis focused on comparing the mean absolute error of the annual wind power density estimation using the distributions examined. The Hybrid Weibull distribution was found to have a minimal mean absolute error for most study sites.
Impact of Soil Management Techniques on Ecological Integrity and Sustainable Apple Growing in Kashmir Valley
Authors: Rehman Munib Ur , Bhat Barkat Hussain , Waida Umar Iqbal , Tak Zubair Ahmad , Shujat Syed
Published: August 2020

An experiment was conducted to study the role of soil mechanization on ecological integrity and yield attributes in apple cultivation. In the experiment, soil management techniques were applied on low density apple orchards (Red delicious/ seedling) continuously for four years in the tree rows and the drive allays, and results were obtained at the end of 4th year in 2017. The experiment was constructed under following design: NT) no-tillage with multi –species ground cover moved twice during growing season; MT) Reduced tillage with two ploughings a year (20-25 cm deep) one at the sowing time of intercrop (mustard) during November-December and second after harvesting the intercrop during May; and CT) Four ploughings (20-25 cm deep) in a year with no grass or cover crop. Treatment effects were compared using one-way analysis of varience (ANOVA), and to separate means, Tukey multiple comparisons were used. Results claimed that soil nesting bees, which are valuable pollinators and benefit growers in the form of readily available pollination services, were abundantly found in undisturbed soils (NT) and also enhanced fruit yield (fruit set, fruit retention, seed content and fruit weight). Earth worm saturation, soil moisture conservation and organic carbon content were better maintained under this soil management practice.  Maximum available soil nitrogen (198.35 kg/ha) and phosphorus (62.63 kg/ha) were also obtained under NT conditions. Moreover, in case of mustard intercropped plots, although the bee abundance was good but fruit yield recorded was low.
In vivo Antimalarial Activities of Five Ugandan Medicinal Plants on Plasmodium berghei in Mice
Authors: Ajayi Clement Olusoji , Elujoba Anthony Adebolu , Okella Hedmon , Oloro Joseph , Raymond Atwine , Weisheit Anke , Tolo Casim Umba , Ogwang Patrick Engeu
Published: August 2020

Aim: Medicinal plants have played an important role in the treatment of different ailments including malaria in developing countries particularly in Africa. This study has evaluated the antimalarial activities of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae), Cymbopogon citratus Stapf. (Poaceae), Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae), Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl) A. Grey (Asteraceae) and Vernonia amygdalina Del. (Asteraceae) which are commonly-used for malaria treatment in Uganda.

Study Design: This is an experimental laboratory report on antimalarial activities of some Ugandan medicinal plants for subsequent profiling in an herbal pharmacopoeia and eventual drug development.

Place and Duration of Study: The Animal Research Facility and the Clinical and Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda, between July 2019 and March 2020.

Methodology: The antimalarial activity of the hot infusion of each leaf was evaluated on chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected mice using 4-day test at 100 – 400 mg/kg with chloroquine (10 mg/kg) and artemether-lumefantrine (4 mg/kg) as positive controls; and distilled water as negative control. The observed haematological responses of the animals were determined with an automated haematometer.

Results: The results showed dose-dependent activities in the animals treated with the extract of each plant leaf in varying degrees. Thus, V. amygdalina and T. diversifolia showed the highest antimalarial activities with the chemosuppression values of 75% and 66% at 400 mg/kg, respectively. The results of V. amygdalina, T. diversifolia and M. oleifera, extracts gave the lowest ED50 of 141, 195 and 231 mg/kg, respectively being significantly different from A. indica (ED50 319 mg/kg) and C. citratus (ED50 346 mg/kg) with V. amygdalina as the most potent extract among the five plant leaves.

Conclusion: The observed activities of the five plants have therefore supported their folkloric uses as antimalarial remedies by the Ugandan traditional medicine practitioners with obvious potentials for drug development.
Effect of Different Soil Amendments and Variety on the Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota L.)
Authors: Snr Patrick Atta Poku , Addo Joseph Sarkodie- , Logah Vincent , Kyere Clement Gyeabour
Published: August 2020

The objective for the study was to determine the effect of variety and different soil amendments on the growth and yield of carrot (Daucus carota L.). The study was conducted in Mampong-Ashanti which is located in the transitional zone of Ghana. The experiment was laid out in a 5 x 2 factorial and treatments arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). There were two varieties (Tokita and Kuroda) and five different types of soil amendment which were: control (T1), 5 ton/ha poultry manure (T2), 45-45-45 kg/ha NPK (T3), 5 ton/ha compost (T4) and 5 ton/ha biochar (T5). Each treatment was replicated four times. Data was collected on vegetative growth and yield of carrot. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using GENSTAT Version 11.1. Results from the study showed that carrot plants amended with 5 ton/ha poultry manure significantly (P=.05) produced the tallest height and greater number of leaves. Application of 5 ton/ha compost recorded the widest (P=.05) canopy spread. Application of 5 ton/ha poultry manure recorded the highest (p < 0.05) fresh root weight, root length, root diameter and marketable root weight with the control treatment recording the least among all treatments. With respect to variety, Kuroda produced the tallest (P=.05) plants, greater (P=.05) number of leaves and wider (P=.05) canopy spread. In conclusion, the application of 5 t/ha poultry manure had improved growth performance with higher productivity in terms of marketable root weight and total yield. Among the two varieties Kuroda was the best with higher growth performance and yield.
Mathematical Model on Optimal Combination of Vaccination and Antiviral Therapy to Curb In uenza in Kenya
Authors: Nzioki Derrick M. , Gatoto James K.
Published: August 2020

Human influenza is a contagious disease which, if proper precautions are not taken to control the disease, can lead to massive mortality rates and high costs will be incurred to control the disease in case of an outbreak. As a result, we investigate how the cost of implementing both vaccination and antiviral therapy can be minimized and at the same time minimize the number of infected individuals. We have developed a system of ordinary differential equations from our formulated SVIR model and used vaccination and antiviral therapy to study influenza dynamics. We have the basic reproductive number determined using the next generation matrix. The equilibria and stability of the model has also been determined and analyzed. We have used the maximization theory of Pontryagin to define the optimal control rates and then used MATLAB program to do the numerical simulations. The numerical simulations done indicate that an ideal combination of vaccination and antiviral therapy decreases the number of infected individuals which in turn reduces the cost of applying the two control measures.
A Tutorial Exposition of Various Methods for Analyzing Capacitated Networks
Authors: Rushdi Ali Muhammad Ali , Alsalami Omar Mutab
Published: August 2020

In order to assess the performance indexes of some practical systems having fixed channel capacities, such as telecommunication networks, power transmission systems or commodity pipeline systems, we propose various types of techniques for analyzing a capacitated network. These include Karnaugh maps, capacity-preserving network reduction rules associated with delta-star transformations, and a generalization of the max-flow min-cut theorem. All methods rely on recognizing the network capacity function as a random pseudo-Boolean function of link successes; a fact that allows the expected value of this function to be easily obtainable from its sum-of-products expression. This network capacity has certain advantages for representation of nonbinary discrete random functions, mostly employed in the analysis of flow networks. Five tutorial examples demonstrate the afore-mentioned methods and illustrate their computational advantages over the exhaustive state enumeration method.
Ultrasonographyical Study of Kidneys Length Correlation in Various Clinical Stages of Chronic Type II Diabetes
Authors: Jayanth M. , Chandrasekhar V. , Prabakaran M.
Published: August 2020

The aim of the study was to use ultrasound imaging technique to differentiate between acute and chronic kidney diseases in type 2 diabetes. The renal length of left and right kidneys was compared and a detailed documentation was made. The study was carried out in Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India. Our study included adult male and female population who were known case of Diabetes Mellitus, above 18 years of age and biochemically diagnosed for nephropathy. All patients were subjected to ultrasonography evaluation of the renal parenchymal thickness and the findings were documented.
Postural Dysfuctions and Strabismus: Correlations
Authors: Sabetti L. , Ciancaglini M. , Guetti F. , Murano G.
Published: August 2020

Purpose: Patient with strabismus may assume a compensatory posture. Posturology treats patients with abnormal head position through the stimulation of foot, ocular and stomatognathic receptors. As an alternation of one or more receptor occurs, the tonic postural system seeks to carer for this problems by adopting compensatory postures (scoliosis, abnormalities of distribution of the podalic load, abnormal head position). The extrinsic eye muscles, the head, neck and tongue muscles arise from the occipital somites: probably this explains the relationship between the ocular misalignment and abnormal posture. The objective of this work is to evaluate the relationships between oculomotor e postural defects.

Methods: N = 47 patients received a comprehensive ophthalmologic and orthoptic examination. They underwent baropodometric and stabilometric examinations.

Results: Our sample group included 37 patients with exodeviation, 17 patients with esodeviation. We observed: flat foot with an incidence rate of 83.33% (25 out of 33) in exotropic subjects; pes cavus with an incidence rate of 16.66% (5 out of 30) in exotropic subjects; flat foot with an incidence rate of 23.52% (4 out of 17) in esotropic subjects; pes cavus with an incidence rate of 76.47% (13 out of 17) in esotropic subjects. Clinical physiatry observation of patients with Eso/Exo deviations prove a considerable turn-out of postural disorders: lumbar scoliosis (76.47%).

Conclusions: In our sample, patients with exodeviation have flat feet (83.33%); the subjects with esodeviation have pes cavus (76.47%). However, there is a widely recognized need for a further extensive study and evaluation of the results obtained regarding binocular vision and posture.
Educação, trabalho e movimentos sociais: uma reflexão crítica da educação popular no Brasil
Authors: Nascimento Acacio Figueredo , Martins Gomes Bianca Sthephanny
Published: August 2020

As formas de trabalho estão sendo alteradas, juntamente com a destruição dos direitos sociais e trabalhistas da classe trabalhadora. Diante desse contexto é importante perceber que a fragmentação das práticas dos movimentos sociais é um desafio a ser superado. É essencial nessa perspectiva a compreensão do movimento da História, principalmente de ter uma inserção de forma crítica. Esse trabalho tem como propósito uma análise da relação Educação, Trabalho e Movimentos Sociais como possibilidade de uma reflexão crítica da Educação Popular no Brasil. Tem por objetivo tratar a relação Educação, Trabalho e Movimentos Sociais como pressupostos intrínsecos que se interligam, através da reflexão crítica da Educação Popular. A metodologia empreendida será a revisão bibliográfica, baseada na tradição marxista e nos fundamentos históricos, filosóficos e educacionais críticos com vínculos objetivos à transformação das relações sociais nos diversos campos – do trabalho, da cultura, da educação, dos movimentos sociais. Se conclui que há uma relação entre Educação, Trabalho e Movimentos Sociais nos processos educativos de Educação Popular.  Acreditamos que a Educação Popular hodierna deverá estar vinculada aos processos educativos e tecnológicos dos movimentos populares. Esse pressuposto define o que seja crítico nesse campo.
O empoderamento e a subversão: a cultura corporal e autoafirmação das(os) estudantes negras(os) na escola
Authors: Cruz Marlon Messias Santana , Carvalho Sebastião Carlos Dos Santos
Published: August 2020

Neste trabalho, busca-se refletir de que modo o desenvolvimento das aulas de Educação Física pode dialogar com a Lei 10693/03. Para tanto, o relato exposto apresenta como os estudantes se comportaram ao se apropriarem dos conhecimentos desenvolvidos nas aulas de Educação Física. O trabalho aborda elementos de uma prática pedagógica desenvolvido no âmbito de uma escola pública, a prática pedagógica foi desenvolvida com base em uma perspectiva crítica de ensino. Portanto, o objetivo é notificar a prática pedagógica que teve como conteúdos os elementos da cultura corporal de matriz africana. Por meio desse estudo, foi possível confirmar que a Educação Física, deve propor suas ações com base na Lei 10.693/03, pois a sua especificidade se relaciona de forma direta com a função social da escola.
Angela Davis e a luta por libertação
Authors: Duarte Nádia Magalhães
Published: August 2020

Resenha do livro A Liberdade é uma Luta Constante.
O papel das organizações de mulheres e partidos na rússia pré-revolucionária
Authors: Jesus Nataly Batista de , Tuleski Silvana Calvo
Published: August 2020

Este artigo tem a proposta de mapear os movimentos feministas e organizações na Rússia pré-revolucionária, os quais tinham a igualdade de direitos e a emancipação das mulheres como pauta. Apesar de pontos comuns, as linhas políticas divergiam na compreensão da gênese da opressão e da saída para garantir o que reivindicavam. Ademais, o cenário russo era composto pela opressão e exploração de uma burguesia em ascensão e isso refletia nos limites materiais. Esses elementos são imprescindíveis para levantar reflexões das lições e pendências dos movimentos da época, além de demonstrar a necessidade histórica de superar os limites e incorporar os aprendizados para fortalecer as lutas no tempo presente.
As contribuições de Clara Zetkin para as lutas feminista, anticapitalista e antifascista.
Authors: Rocha Qelli Viviane Dias , Silveira Ana Paula
Published: August 2020

As relações sociais de produção e reprodução tem desde a origem da família, da propriedade privada e do Estado, ou seja, da modernidade estabelecido campos de atuação distintos, mediados pelo Patriarcado se expressado, em espaços desiguais. Apesar das conquistas no campo jurídico e político as mulheres ainda são oprimidas e subordinadas à exploração capitalista. Desde a revolução Russa em 1917, até hoje, as questões estruturais tais como creches, lavanderias, restaurantes públicos; etc, equipamentos sociais que facilitariam a participação política e econômica das mulheres, ainda hoje são bastante limitadas, quando não, destruídas por governos autoritários, ditatoriais e fascistas. O artigo ora apresentado, evidencia as contribuições da vanguardista comunista Clara Zetkin na luta pela emancipação e autonomia das mulheres.  
As marxistas nas universidades brasileiras
Authors: Marcelino Paula , Rodrigues Lidiane Soares
Published: August 2020

Este artigo apresenta resultados parciais de uma pesquisa sobre a presença e atuação de marxistas nas universidades brasileiras cujos dados foram coletados entre os anos de 2013 e 2014. Neste trabalho, nosso foco será na exposição e reflexão sobre o perfil das mulheres que responderam ao questionário, no qual se baseia a referida pesquisa: quais são as condições socioeconômico delas, o que pensam sobre dimensões variadas do marxismo, da política e da vida universitária. O leitor e a leitora encontrarão nesse artigo reflexões sobre as várias características do grupo que são, em sua maioria, hipóteses de trabalho bem informadas. Entendemos que a comprovação ou refutação de parte expressiva delas depende de pesquisa de natureza qualitativa e de aprofundamento bibliográfico ainda a serem realizados.
A proletária
Authors: Luxemburgo Rosa
Published: August 2020

Proletária, a mais pobre dos pobres, a mais injustiçada dos injustiçados, vá à luta pela libertação do gênero das mulheres e do gênero humano do horror da dominação do capital. A social-democracia concedeu a você um lugar de honra. Corra para o front, para a trincheira!
Field‐based mechanical phenotyping of cereal crops to assess lodging resistance
Authors: Erndwein Lindsay , Cook Douglas D. , Robertson Daniel J. , Sparks Erin E.
Published: August 2020

Plant mechanical failure, also known as lodging, is the cause of significant and unpredictable yield losses in cereal crops. Lodging occurs in two distinct failure modes—stalk lodging and root lodging. Despite the prevalence and detrimental impact of lodging on crop yields, there is little consensus on how to phenotype plants in the field for lodging resistance and thus breed for mechanically resilient plants. This review provides an overview of field‐based mechanical testing approaches to assess stalk and root lodging resistance. These approaches are placed in the context of future perspectives. Best practices and recommendations for acquiring field‐based mechanical phenotypes of plants are also presented.
Modeling the Dynamic Power‐to‐Gas Process: Coupling Electrolysis with CO2 Methanation
Authors: Kreitz Bjarne , Brauns Jörn , Wehinger Gregor D. , Turek Thomas
Published: August 2020

The dynamic operation of a power‐to‐gas plant powered by wind energy is theoretically studied by coupling an empirical model of an alkaline water electrolyzer with a 1D heterogeneous model of a methanation reactor. H2 produced by the electrolyzer follows the wind power profile, but operation in the part‐load range can raise safety concerns. The dynamically generated methane quality comes close to the required value for injection into the gas grid, if the stoichiometric ratio is controlled. To satisfy the gas quality at all times, it is necessary to design a more tolerant reactor.
Optimization of quinacridone magenta, Cu‐phthalocyanine cyan, and arylide yellow ink films formulated for maximum color gamut
Authors: Borenstain Shmuel , Bar‐Haim Gil , Goldshtein Keren , Cohen‐Taguri Gili
Published: August 2020

Investigation of ink formulation options with the purpose to obtain color‐gamut‐optimal set of Cyan Magenta and Yellow CMY inks is reported. Implementation of the thickness dependent Kubelka‐Munk model on multiple ink layers having different and well‐defined thicknesses, provides characteristic absorption and scattering (K, S) spectra of the ink ingredients. These data enable accurate computation of the reflectance spectrum and thus the L*a*b* color coordinates for any given ink thickness or substrate. Pigment materials investigated are quinacridone as magenta, copper‐phthalocyanine as cyan, and arylide yellow. Scaling the peak of the absorption band to the number of molecules per unit area for the specific pigments studied in this article provides the molar extinction coefficients, 1.21 × 104, 4.7 × 104, and 3.3 × 104 cm2/millimole respectively, regardless of the different ink formulations used, in accord with Avogadro's principle. Having a set of three pairs of K, S spectra is used to compute the color gamut of any CMY color combination in the L*a*b* space as a function of ink layer thickness and formulation. Using an iterative algorithm, a color‐gamut‐optimal set of CMY inks is obtained.
Using environmental similarities to design training sets for genomewide selection
Authors: Neyhart Jeffrey L. , Gutiérrez Lucía , Smith Kevin P.
Published: August 2020

In plant breeding, the goal of genomewide selection is to predict the merit of unobserved individuals, particularly those in the next breeding generation. Predictions of these individuals in unobserved or future environments would be of additional use to a breeder. For many of the complex traits targeted in breeding, this may require management of genotype × environment interactions by, for example, using data from homogeneous groups of environments. Our objectives were to assess the accuracy of genomewide predictions in unobserved environments both within and between breeding generations; we aimed to compare training sets that included data from all possible environments with those that included data from (a) decreasingly similar environments or (b) discrete clusters of similar environments. A 183‐line spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) training population and 50‐line offspring test population were phenotyped in 29 location–year environments for grain yield, heading date, and plant height. Environmental similarities were measured using phenotypic data, geographic distance, or environmental covariables. When using training data from more, but decreasingly similar environments, prediction accuracy increased, but marginal gains declined; in some cases, accuracy declined with additional data. Clusters of environments informed by phenotypes (i.e., phenotypic correlations or multiplicative models) typically improved prediction accuracy within a generation, but not between generations (offspring population). Our study suggests that, as an alternative to using data from all available environments, informative subsets may be advantageous for genomewide predictions within a single breeding generation, but not between generations.
Colony‐age‐dependent variation in cuticular hydrocarbon profiles in subterranean termite colonies
Authors: Gordon Johnalyn M. , Šobotník Jan , Chouvenc Thomas
Published: August 2020

Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) have, in insects, important physiological and ecological functions, such as protection against desiccation and as semiochemicals in social taxa, including termites. CHCs are, in termites, known to vary qualitatively and/or quantitatively among species, populations, castes, or seasons. Changes to hydrocarbon profile composition have been linked to varying degrees of aggression between termite colonies, although the variability of results among studies suggests that additional factors might have been involved. One source of such variability may be colony age, as termite colony demographics significantly change over time, with different caste and instar compositions throughout the life of the colony. We here hypothesize that the intracolonial chemical profile heterogeneity would be high in incipient termite colonies but would homogenize over time as a colony ages and accumulates older workers in improved homeostatic conditions. We studied caste‐specific patterns of CHC profiles in Coptotermes gestroi colonies of four different age classes (6, 18, 30, and 42 months). The CHC profiles were variable among castes in the youngest colonies, but progressively converged toward a colony‐wide homogenized chemical profile. Young colonies had a less‐defined CHC identity, which implies a potentially high acceptance threshold for non‐nestmates conspecifics in young colonies. Our results also suggest that there was no selective pressure for an early‐defined colony CHC profile to evolve in termites, potentially allowing an incipient colony to merge nonagonistically with another conspecific incipient colony, with both colonies indirectly and passively avoiding mutual destruction as a result.
Frontline Science: Characterization and regulation of osteoclast precursors following chronic Porphyromonas gingivalis infection
Authors: Zhao Yanfang , Li Zhaofei , Su Lingkai , Ballesteros-Tato Andre , Katz Jannet , Michalek Suzanne M , Feng Xu , Zhang Ping
Published: August 2020

Bone destruction in inflammatory osteolytic diseases including periodontitis is related to excessive activity of osteoclasts (OC), which originate from precursor cells of the myeloid lineage, termed osteoclast precursors (OCP). In contrast to ample knowledge that we currently have on mature OC, little is known about OCP and their regulation during bacterial infection. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and characterize OCP following chronic infection with a periodontal bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). We used a microosmotic pump to continually release Pg subcutaneously in a murine model. Two weeks after Pg infection, the frequency of CD11b+c-fms+Ly6Chi population is significantly elevated within the bone marrow, spleen, and peripheral blood. In vitro and in vivo studies identified these cells as the OCP-containing population and Pg infection significantly enhanced the osteoclastogenic activity of these cells. Furthermore, mRNA sequencing analysis indicated a unique gene and pathway profile in CD11b+c-fms+Ly6Chi population following Pg infection, with changes in genes and pathways related to OC differentiation, cell proliferation and apoptosis, inflammatory response, phagocytosis, and immunity, as well as antigen processing and presentation. Moreover, using IL-6 knockout mice, we found that IL-6 is important for Pg-induced accumulation of CD11b+c-fms+Ly6Chi population from the bone marrow and periphery. Our results provide new insight into the characterization and regulation of OCP following a chronic bacterial infection. This knowledge is relevant to the understanding of the pathogenesis of bacteria-induced bone loss, and to the identification of potential therapeutic targets of bone loss diseases.
Novel Antimicrobial Coating on Silicone Contact Lens Using Glycidyl Methacrylate and Polyethyleneimine Based Polymers
Authors: Pillai Suresh Kumar Raman , Reghu Sheethal , Vikhe Yogesh , Zheng Hou , Koh Chong Hui , Chan‐Park Mary B.
Published: August 2020

Contact lenses are medical devices commonly used to correct refractive errors and to maintain ocular health. Microorganisms such as bacteria that grow on the lens surface cause irritation to the eyes and can even cause loss of vision. In this paper, two different coating strategies are employed to form an efficient antimicrobial coating on contact lenses. In the first method, a presynthesized copolymer of polyethyleneimine‐graft‐polyethylene glycol methacrylate (PEI‐PEGMA) is used and the coated lenses show antimicrobial activity (in vitro) against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria with killing efficacy >99.99% and log reduction of 5.1 and proxy host cell viability of 79%. In the second method, commercially available monomers/polymers such as glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), sulfobetaine methacrylate, and polyethyleneimine are used. A typical formulation consisting of 1% GMA shows antibacterial activity against MRSA with killing efficacy >99.99% and log reduction of 6.3. Proxy host cell viability for the coated lenses is found to be 90% indicating that the coating is nontoxic. Antibacterial coating reported here is very effective in killing gram‐positive bacteria such as MRSA and S. aureus. The second method using commercially available monomers/polymers involving a simple coating procedure is also easily scalable.
Thioacetate‐Based Initiators for the Synthesis of Thiol‐End‐Functionalized Poly(2‐oxazoline)s
Authors: Gil Alvaradejo Gabriela , Glassner Mathias , Kumar Ravi , Trouillet Vanessa , Welle Alexander , Wang Yangxin , de la Rosa Victor R. , Sekula‐Neuner Sylwia , Hirtz Michael , Hoogenboom Richard , Delaittre Guillaume
Published: August 2020

New functional initiators for the cationic ring‐opening polymerization of 2‐alkyl‐2‐oxazolines are described to introduce a thiol moiety at the α terminus. Both tosylate and nosylate initiators carrying a thioacetate group are obtained in multigram scale, from commercial reagents in two steps, including a phototriggered thiol–ene radical addition. The nosylate derivative gives access to a satisfying control over the cationic ring‐opening polymerization of 2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline, with dispersity values lower than 1.1 during the entire course of the polymerization, until full conversion. Cleavage of the thioacetate end group is rapidly achieved using triazabicyclodecene, thereby leading to a mercapto terminus. The latter gives access to a new subgeneration of α‐functional poly(2‐oxazoline)s (butyl ester, N‐hydroxysuccinimidyl ester, furan) by Michael addition with commercial (meth)acrylates. The amenability of the mercapto‐poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) for covalent surface patterning onto acrylated surfaces is demonstrated in a microchannel cantilever spotting (µCS) experiment, characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time‐of‐flight secondary‐ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS).
Organocatalytic Michael Addition as a Method for Polyisobutylene Chain‐End Functionalization
Authors: Kulai Ihor , Karpus Andrii , Bergbreiter David E. , Al‐Hashimi Mohammed , Bazzi Hassan S.
Published: August 2020

Functionalization of polyolefins, in particular polyisobutylene, remains a relatively unexplored application for the Michael reaction. This work evaluates the potential of polyisobutylene acrylate (PIBA) chain‐end modification via organocatalyzed thiol‐Michael and aza‐Michael additions. A series of chain‐end functional polyisobutylene oligomers are prepared using “click” reactions of thiols or amines to PIBA in the presence of 0.02 equivalents of organocatalyst. Reaction kinetics and chain‐end transformations are monitored using NMR spectroscopy and the macromolecular products are characterized by size exclusion chromatography. Further potential of this synthetic strategy is illustrated by thiol‐Michael addition of thiols formed in situ via nucleophilic thiolactone ring opening. The obtained results provide an efficient method for the preparation of functional polyisobutylene oligomers that can be utilized in a broad range of potential applications.
Temporal twilight zone and beyond: Timing mechanisms in consciously delayed actions
Authors: Yang Taoxi , Li Xiaoxuan , Li Yao , Pöppel Ernst , Bao Yan
Published: August 2020

Precise timing is essential for many kinds of human behavior. When a fastest response is not required, movements are initiated at the appropriate time requiring an anticipatory temporal component. Temporal mechanisms for movements with such an anticipatory component are not yet sufficiently understood; in particular, it is not known whether on the operational level for delayed movements distinct time windows are used or whether anticipatory control is characterized by continuous temporal processing. With a modified reaction‐time paradigm, we asked participants to act with predefined time delays between 400 and 5000 ms; after each individual trial, a numerical feedback was provided which allowed correction of the response time for each next trial. Visual stimuli (Experiment 1) and auditory stimuli (Experiment 2) were used. In the statistical analyses, piecewise linear models and exponential decay models for the response variability of different delay times were compared. These analyses favored piecewise linear models; a decreasing variability with increasing delay of voluntary controlled actions was observed up to ~1 s, followed by close to constant variability beyond this delay. We suggest that precise temporal control of voluntary delayed movements is reached only after a “temporal twilight zone” of ~1 s, which apparently marks a temporal border between two different timing mechanisms.
Forms of participation in an engineering maker‐based inquiry in physics
Authors: Kapon Shulamit , Schvartzer Maayan , Peer Tal
Published: August 2020

This article discusses a case study of a pair of students mentored by a physics teacher as they engaged in a long‐term (15 months) engineering maker‐based inquiry (EMBI), a mandatory part of these students' formal learning of physics at the advanced high school level. We conceptualize the students' engagement as participating in a particular figured world, which is distinct from the figured world of authentic scientific inquiry. Using fine‐grained discourse analysis of mentor–mentee interactions in authentic working sessions, complemented by interviews and other ethnographic accounts, we: (a) characterize this figured world; (b) identify central legitimate forms of participation that were enacted by the students and influenced their learning; (c) articulate how these forms of participation were socially communicated, constructed, and enforced over time in the interaction between the two students and the educational staff; and (d) examine how these forms of participation facilitated (or impaired) the learning of content and practices of the related physics. Two legitimate forms of participation, which contributed extensively to the EMBI's goal of creating a working artifact, are discussed in detail. The analysis articulates the social construction of these forms of participation and shows that (a) participating as an engineer facilitated many foundational aspects of learning of physics, (b) participating as a technician fostered a sense of agency and efficacy with regard to physics in a student who did not find ways to express himself in the regular physics classroom; however, it did not facilitate the learning of scientific content and practices. The implications for the instruction of physics in school, particularly given recent calls for integrated STEM education and Making in education, are discussed.
ECMWF Subseasonal to Seasonal Precipitation Forecast for Use as a Climate Adaptation Tool Over Nigeria
Authors: Akeh Ugbah Paul , Woolnough Steve , Olaniyan Olumide
Published: August 2020

Farmers in most parts of Africa and Asia still practice subsistence farming which relies minly on seasonal rainfall for Agricultural production. A timely and accurate prediction of the rainfall onset, cessation, expected rainfall amount, and its intra-seasonal variability is very likely to reduce losses and risk of extreme weather as well as maximize agricultural output to ensure food security.

Based on this, a study was carried out to evaluate the performance of the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) numerical Weather Prediction Model and its Subseasonal to Seasonal (S2S) precipitation forecast to ascertain its usefulness as a climate change adaptation tool over Nigeria. Observed daily and monthly CHIRPS reanalysis precipitation amount and the ECMWF subseasonal weekly precipitation forecast data for the period 1995–2015 was used. The forecast and observed precipitation were analyzed from May to September while El Nino and La Nina years were identified using the Oceanic Nino Index. Skill of the forecast was determined from standard metrics: Bias, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Anomaly Correlation Coefficient (ACC).

The Bias, RMSE, and ACC scores reveal that the ECMWF model is capable of predicting precipitation over Southern Nigeria, with the best skill at one week lead time and poorest skills at lead time of 4 weeks. Results also show that the model is more reliable during El Nino years than La-Nina. However, some improvement in the model by ECMWF can give better results and make this tool a more dependable tool for disaster risk preparedness, reduction and prevention of possible damages and losses from extreme rainfall during the wet season, thus enhancing climate change adaptation.
Introduction
Authors: Panagiotopoulou Julie A. , Rosen Lisa , Strzykala Jenna
Published: August 2020

This book is based on a conference held at the University of Cologne in 2018 titled—as is this volume—“Inclusion, Education, and Translanguaging: How to Promote Social Justice in (Teacher) Education?”. The initial idea for this conference came about when we visited Ofelia García in New York in the fall of 2017 and were able to observe and experience translanguaging live—in a mathematics lesson at a bilingual primary school in Queens—during a research visit. This was a special event for us because we had by then been dealing with the concept for years and were constantly confronted with the standard question of how translanguaging can be put into practice in the context of teacher education, congresses and conferences.
Reflecting Lingualities and Positionalities for a Changing Education System
Authors: Knappik Magdalena , Peschel Corinna , Hägi-Mead Sara , Ayten Aslı Can , Atanasoska Tatjana
Published: August 2020

To improve teacher education for multilingual and often minoritized classrooms, we aim to find out more about future teachers’ understandings of multilingualism. Using a biographical professionalization research approach, we investigate the interactions of students’ biographical and academic knowledge in autobiographical texts, focusing on two minoritized students. Their texts allow to reconstruct biographical knowledge of family language policies, Heritage Language Instruction and translingual lifeworlds. They also show the students’ knowledge of language ideologies that devalue multilingualism.
Singularity, Complexities and Contradictions: A Commentary about Translanguaging, Social Justice, and Education
Authors: García Ofelia
Published: August 2020

This book, edited by Panagiotopoulou, Rosen and Strzykala, reminds us of the contradictions involved in enacting translanguaging pedagogical practices in schools. On the one hand, all the chapters describe a singular vision of the potential of translanguaging to enact a more inclusive and socially just education for language minoritized students and to disrupt what Panagiotopoulou and Rosen (Language and Education 32:394–409, 2018) have called a “monoglossic hegemony”. On the other hand, all the articles also point to the complexities in actually carrying out translanguaging pedagogical practices, and its relationship to the sociopolitical context in which they are carried out. In fact, in some contexts, and without proper familiarization with translanguaging theory and a social translanguaging stance, pedagogical practices that have been associated with translanguaging can actually acerbate the silence of language minoritized communities.