bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agent‐based simulation of cross‐contamination of Escherichia coli O157:H7 On lettuce during processing with temperature fluctuations during storage in a produce facility. Part 1: Model development
Authors: Madamba Tonderai , Moreira Rosana G. , Castell‐Perez Elena , Banerjee Amarnath , da Silva Dilma
Published: March 2022

A food safety agent‐based model (FS‐ABS) with discrete time event simulation using NetLogo© was developed to predict the levels of cross‐contamination in a lettuce processing facility. Visualization of the whole processing line shows different lettuce pieces around each equipment's surface. The focus was set on Romaine lettuce processing and on the impact of cross‐contamination, free‐chlorine concentration on wash‐water, and cold storage room temperature fluctuation strategies on E. coli O157:H7 growth. Microorganism decay, growth, and transfer models in the wash water, equipment, and lettuces were embedded in a discrete event simulation model to deal with the growing complexity and uncertainties occurring in processing plants. The model was developed based on literature data. Lettuces were considered agents that move through the processing line moving from patch‐to‐patch agents that have their own attributes, including levels of contamination and probability of microbial transfers. Space was represented by a 2‐D grid‐based equipment with multiple attributes. Space provides the environmental basis for movements and interactions of lettuces. The storage facility was simulated as a continuous agent‐based model, which runs parallel with the main program (processing facility). This article describes the development of the model along with assumptions and semi‐empirical models used to describe cross‐contamination during processing and pathogen growth during storage. Part 2 discusses the model verification, calibration, validation, sensitivity analysis, and results from different scenarios.

Practical Applications

We simulated the cross‐contamination of a common pathogen, E. coli O157:H7, in a fresh‐cut lettuce processing facility using the agent‐based model (ABM) approach. This approach captures the complex interactions between factors and emergent results based on agents' (lettuce and equipment) interactions within the model that other types of models cannot. These interactions are essential in understanding the dynamics of cross‐contamination in the post‐harvest processing chain of fresh‐cut leafy‐greens. Most of the factors that affect cross‐contamination in fresh‐cut lettuce (equipment surfaces, lettuces, wash water) were considered in this study. Wash water quality was monitored in terms of the residual free chlorine (FC) levels and the organic matter accumulation measured as chemical oxygen demand (COD). Pathogen growth due to temperature abuses during storage (post processing) were integrated into the model. Available literature data from a pilot size fresh‐cut processing facility were used to create the model.
Phase change material‐assisted freezing of tuna: Impact on freezing process and thawing loss
Authors: Hakim Arif Rahman , Fauzi Ahmat , Pranoto Indro
Published: March 2022

Due to slow freezing, freezing fresh fish in a chest freezer often leads to deterioration while products are thawed. Many approaches have been conducted to deal with it. One of them is the application of Phase Change Material (PCM) in refrigeration systems. This study aims to investigate the ability of PCM to accelerate the freezing of fish in the household freezers. The tuna used was stored in the freezer with PCM, which was put on a surface wall cabinet then compared with storage in the freezer without PCM. Besides, the door of the freezer was also opened frequently (three times a day, 1 hr each time) to find out the effect of fluctuating temperatures and freezing operations for 60 hr. The parameters observed include the evolution temperature of the air cabinet and fish, energy consumption of the freezer, and thawing loss. Results showed that PCM accelerated the cooling rate of air cabinets and fish but could not suppress the fluctuation temperature. The quality of the frozen tuna improved, which was indicated by a decreased thawing loss parameter from 3.10% to 1.76%. Overall, this finding revealed PCM has significant potential to improve the fish freezing process.

Practical Applications

The household chest freezer is widely used to freeze fish by small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). The most important factors in freezer preferences are simple operations and low energy consumption. But, the freezer worked at slow freezing, which caused higher thawing losses of the product. Hence, the application of PCM to the household freezer potentially improves the freezing process of the fish. So, sellers and retailers of fish could maintain their products without replacing the freezer with an advanced one.
Effects of adding video feedback to emotionally focused therapy supervision: A concurrent multiple‐baseline across subjects design
Authors: Wittenborn Andrea K. , Subramaniam Sailaja , Morgan Preston C. , Tseng Chi‐Fang
Published: March 2022

Emotionally focused therapy (EFT) is an empirically supported intervention for relationship distress with an established model of supervision. This study examined whether incorporating video feedback (VF) software into EFT supervision would improve therapists' level of development compared to traditional EFT supervision in a university training clinic. A concurrent multiple‐baseline across subjects design, along with a thematic analysis of qualitative data, were used in this proof‐of‐concept study of the new supervision component. Overall, quantitative findings suggested that using VF in EFT supervision resulted in some improvement to therapists' development, while qualitative findings showed that all participants supported the incorporation of VF into EFT supervision. Future research on VF is needed to provide additional insight into the use of video review supervision.
Comparison of the effects of shock waves versus radiofrequency on abdominal lipolysis: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Fontes Alexandra Ribeiro , Martins Ana Sofia de Moura , Costa Beatriz Sofia Pereira da , Noites Andreia , Marques Leila
Published: March 2022

Background

High levels of abdominal adiposity mean higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Aerobic exercise per si reduces the risk of developing this type of diseases. Radiofrequency and shockwave therapy showed to be effective in the reduction of localized abdominal fat.

Aim (s)

To compare the effects of prescribed moderate aerobic exercise associated with 6 sessions of shockwave therapy or radiofrequency, in the subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue, in overweight female individuals in fertile age.

Methods

Randomized clinical trial, with 30 volunteers in fertile age with overweight and/or obese, randomly and equitably allocated in two experimental groups (1—shockwave therapy and 2—radiofrequency) and one control group. Aerobic physical exercise was prescribed to all groups. The values of anthropometric measurements were measured in two moments. The intervention protocol was performed in a clinic for six weeks, with one session per week. The ANOVA test, paired samples t test, Kruskal‐Wallis test, and Wilcoxon test were used to compare the results, for a significance level of 0.05.

Results

Of 28 participants completed the study. There were significant differences in waist circumference reduction between the experimental group 1 and 2 when compared to the control group (p = 0.005 and p = 0.014, respectively). There was a statistically significant reduction in navel level circumference in experimental group 1 when compared to experimental group 2 (p = 0.024) and with the control group (p = 0.016).

Conclusion

Both resources were effective in reducing abdominal measurements when compared to the control group. However, SWT was superior in reducing the navel level circumference.
Differences in the oral health status in hospitalised stroke patients according to swallowing function: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Tian Fang , Li Juan , Wu Bei , Xiao Rong , Liu Jiru , Yu Jie , Liu Lin , Zhu Rong
Published: March 2022

Background

Dysphagia is one of the common complications caused by stroke, leading to poor oral health. Oral health is often neglected after stroke by clinical care providers and the patients. Identifying the status of oral health in hospitalised stroke patients with swallowing disorders will facilitate the attention of clinical care providers.

Aim

To investigate the differences in the oral health status between hospitalised post‐stroke patients with dysphagia and non‐dysphagia.

Design

A cross‐sectional study.

Methods

A purposive sampling method was used to recruit participants. Participants included hospitalised post‐stroke patients with dysphagia and without dysphagia. Stroke patients were recruited from the Department of Neurology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital in China. A total of 120 stroke patients completed the survey. The data collected included their demographics, the scores on the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT), Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI), and the Eating Assessment Tool‐10 (EAT‐10). The study was compliant with the STROBE checklist.

Results

The average age of the dysphagia group was 67 (64~76) vs the participants without dysphagia group 67 (65~76), (p = .610). The mean standard deviation (SD) OHAT score of participants with dysphagia was 5.28 (2.33) compared to participants without dysphagia 8.89 (3.07), (p < .05). This result indicates post‐stroke dysphagia (PSD) patients had worse oral health than stroke patients without dysphagia. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that oral health status was the independent influencing factor of swallowing function (p < .01).

Conclusion

The participants with dysphagia had worse oral health status compared to those without dysphagia, illustrating the critical importance of improving attention to oral health management in patients with post‐stroke swallowing disorders.

Relevance to clinical practice

Oral health was often omitted when comparing to other functional impairments resulting from stroke. Health caregivers of post‐stroke patients with dysphagia should be aware of the importance of evaluating patient’s oral condition and implementing oral care.
Medication reconciliation at hospital discharge: A qualitative exploration of acute care nurses’ perceptions of their roles and responsibilities
Authors: Latimer Sharon , Hewitt Jayne , de Wet Carl , Teasdale Trudy , Gillespie Brigid M.
Published: March 2022

Background

Safe medication management is a cornerstone of nursing practice. Nurses prepare patients for discharge which includes the ongoing safe administration of medications. Medication reconciliation at hospital discharge is an interprofessional activity that helps to identify and rectify medication discrepancies or errors to ensure the accuracy and completeness of discharge medications and information. Nurses have a role in medication safety; however, their involvement in medication reconciliation at hospital discharge is poorly described. The study's aim was to describe acute care nurses’ perceptions of their roles and responsibilities in medication reconciliation at hospital discharge, including barriers and enablers.

Design

Using focus groups, this exploratory descriptive study gathered qualitative data from nurses working in five acute care clinical units (medical, surgical and transit/discharge lounge) at a tertiary Australian hospital. The data were analysed using inductive content analysis and reported following the COREQ checklist.

Results

Thirty‐two nurses were recruited. Three themes emerged from the data: nurses’ medication reconciliation role involves chasing, checking and educating; burden of undertaking medication reconciliation at hospital discharge; team collaboration and communication in medication reconciliation.

Conclusions

Nurses had a minor role in medication reconciliation at hospital discharge due to a lack of organisation clinical practice guidance and specialised training. Standardising interprofessional medication reconciliation processes and increasing nurses’ involvement will help to streamline this task, reduce discharge delays, workload pressure and improve patient safety.

Relevance to clinical practice

Medication reconciliation at hospital discharge is an interprofessional patient safety activity, however little is known about nurse's role and responsibilities. This study reports nurses’ important contribution to patient safety in terms of healthcare team coordination, medication checking and patient education. Supportive organisations and collaborative teams increased nurses’ willingness to complete this activity.
Effects of different techniques during the second stage of labour on reducing perineal laceration: An overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Zang Yu , Hu Yinchu , Lu Hong
Published: March 2022

Aim and objective

To summarize the evidence on the effects of different techniques during the second stage of labour on reducing perineal laceration depending on available systematic reviews to provide optimal evidence for decision‐making.

Background

Preventing perineal laceration has been considered an important part of improving women’s health. Various techniques have been used to prevent perineal laceration during the second stage of labour. However, systematic reviews evaluating the effects of different techniques on reducing perineal laceration show inconsistent results.

Design

Overview of systematic reviews.

Methods

Five English and four Chinese databases were systematically searched for relevant systematic reviews and meta‐analyses published between 1 January 2016 and 31 August 2021. The quality of the included reviews was assessed by the AMSTAR 2 tool. A narrative synthesis was conducted to report the results of moderate‐to‐high quality systematic reviews. The overview was reported according to the PRISMA statement.

Results

Eighteen reviews were included, of which four reviews had moderate‐to‐high methodological quality. Perineal massage and warm compresses significantly decreased the incidence of third‐ or fourth‐degree perineal laceration (moderate‐quality evidence). Hands‐off technique had no impact on perineal laceration (low‐to‐moderate quality evidence). Ritgen’s manoeuvre could reduce the incidence of first‐degree perineal laceration but increase the incidence of second‐degree perineal laceration (very low‐quality evidence). Spontaneous pushing (low‐quality evidence) and delayed pushing (moderate‐quality evidence) had no impact on the incidence of third‐ or fourth‐degree perineal laceration. Upright positions did not increase the risk of third‐ or fourth‐degree perineal laceration (very low‐ to low‐quality evidence) but increased the risk of second‐degree perineal laceration for women without epidural analgesia (low‐quality evidence).

Conclusions

Perineal massage and warm compresses could be the better choice for preventing perineal laceration in the second stage of labour.

Relevance to clinical practice

Midwives and obstetricians could use perineal massage and warm compresses to prevent perineal laceration and should consider women's preferences and experience with perineal techniques.
Risks of Digital Screen Time and Recommendations for Mitigating Adverse Outcomes in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Pardhan Shahina , Parkin John , Trott Mike , Driscoll Robin
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

The COVID‐19 pandemic caused an unprecedented move to emergency remote learning around the world, leading to increased digital screen time for children and adolescents. This review highlights the potential risk of increased screen time to the eye and general health and makes recommendations to mitigate the risks posed.

METHODS

A narrative review of evidence of increased digital time during the COVID‐19 pandemic, the risks linked to increased screen time and offer possible steps to mitigate these in students.

RESULTS

Digital screen time was found to have increased for children and adolescents in all the studies examined during the pandemic and data suggests that this has an impact on eye and general health. We discuss the associated risk factors and adverse outcomes associated with increased digital screen time.

CONCLUSIONS

This review offers evidence of increased digital time, highlights some of the well‐known and not so well‐known risks linked to increased screen time, and offers possible steps to mitigate these in children and adolescents during the pandemic, as well as offering schools and parents strategies to support the eye health of children and adolescents post‐pandemic. We discuss a number of interventions to reduce the risk of eye strain, myopia, obesity, and related diseases that have been shown to be linked to increased digital screen time.
Global prevalence of occult hepatitis B: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ji Dong‐Ze , Pang Xiao‐Yu , Shen Dan‐Ting , Liu Shu‐Na , Goyal Hemant , Xu Hua‐Guo
Published: March 2022

The study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI) in the global population. We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane and Web of Science from database inception through 27 Dec, 2018. Studies reporting HBV‐DNA serological data in previously undiagnosed hepatitis B patients were included. The data were further categorized according to the presence of risk factors. After an initial screening of 2,325 records, we finally included 98 articles about the prevalence of OBI from 34 countries and regions. The OBI prevalence was 0.82% (95% CI:0.69–0.96) in the general population, 16.26% (95% CI:10.97–22.34) in HIV patients, 13.99% (95% CI:8.33–20.79) in patients with other liver diseases, 4.25% (95% CI:1.64–7.87) in haemodialysis patients and 5.14% (95% CI:2.26–9.01) patients with other risk factors. In conclusion, OBI prevalence varies significantly across different populations and nations, which deserve attention from the public health authorities. Our results generate further epidemiological data to identify the population with OBI, which has important clinical implications in finding these high‐risk populations to design preventive and management strategies.
Differential diagnosis of the infection caused by wild-type or CD2v-deleted ASFV strains by quantum dots-based immunochromatographic assay
Authors: Niu Yan , Zhang Gaiping , Zhou Jingming , Liu Hongliang , Chen Yumei , Ding Peiyang , Qi Yanhua , Liang Chao , Zhu Xifang , Wang Aiping
Published: March 2022

African swine fever (ASF), a highly contagious and lethal disease, poses a tremendous threat and burden to the swine industry worldwide. Lack of available vaccines or treatments leaves rapid diagnosis as the key tool to control the disease. Quantum dots (QDs) are unique fluorescent semiconductor nanoparticles, highly versatile for biological applications. In this study, we developed a quantum dots-based fluorescent immunochromatographic assay (QDs-FICA) using CD2v as the diagnosis antigen to detect ASFV antibodies. The titre of the test strip was 1 : 5·12 × 105. In addition, the strip was highly specific to anti-ASFV serum and had no cross-reaction with CSFV, PPV, PRRSV, PCV-2, PRV and FMDV. Moreover, a comparative test of 71 clinical samples showed that the coincidence rate was 85·92% between the test strip and the commercial ELISA kit (coated with p30, p62 and p72). The QDs-FICA can be used to detect ASFV antibodies, which is meaningful for the surveillance, control and purification of ASF.
Demographic history shapes genomic variation in an intracellular parasite with a wide geographical distribution
Authors: Angst Pascal , Ebert Dieter , Fields Peter D.
Published: March 2022

Analysing variation in a species’ genomic diversity can provide insights into its historical demography, biogeography and population structure, and thus its ecology and evolution. Although such studies are rarely undertaken for parasites, they can be highly revealing because of the parasite's co‐evolutionary relationships with hosts. Modes of reproduction and transmission are thought to be strong determinants of genomic diversity for parasites and vary widely among microsporidia (fungal‐related intracellular parasites), which are known to have high intraspecific genetic diversity and interspecific variation in genome architecture. Here we explore genomic variation in the microsporidium Hamiltosporidium, a parasite of the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna, looking especially at which factors contribute to nucleotide variation. Genomic samples from 18 Eurasian populations and a new, long‐read‐based reference genome were used to determine the roles that reproduction mode, transmission mode and geography play in determining population structure and demographic history. We demonstrate two main Hamiltosporidium tvaerminnensis lineages and a pattern of isolation‐by‐distance, but note an absence of congruence between these two parasite lineages and the two Eurasian host lineages. We suggest a comparatively recent parasite spread through Northern Eurasian host populations after a change from vertical to mixed‐mode transmission and the loss of sexual reproduction. While gaining knowledge about the ecology and evolution of this focal parasite, we also identify common features that shape variation in genomic diversity for many parasites, such as distinct modes of reproduction and the intertwining of host–parasite demographies.
Adoption with Social Learning and Network Externalities*
Authors: Fafchamps Marcel , Söderbom Måns , van den Boogart Monique
Published: March 2022

We examine patterns of adoption of a new airtime transfer service over time. We document a strong positive correlation between own adoption and increased usage of the new airtime transfer platform by social neighbours. We examine the possible sources of this correlation by distinguishing between network externalities that extend after adoption and social learning that stops after adoption. We find no correlation between usage by social neighbours and own usage after first adoption. We conclude that social learning about the existence and quality of a new product platform are important mechanisms in its diffusion.
Evaluating the 3D Integrity of Underwater Structure from Motion Workflows
Authors: Lochhead Ian , Hedley Nick
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Structure from motion (SfM) is an accessible and non‐intrusive method of three‐dimensional (3D) data capture popular for tropical coral reef surveying. In the north‐east Pacific Ocean, where there are many environmentally sensitive benthic organisms whose morphology and function are equally important, SfM surveys are less commonly studied. Temperate waters pose unique challenges to SfM workflows, which must be systematically unpacked to understand their impact on data quality and veracity. This uncertainty raises broader questions concerning SfM as a spatial data‐acquisition and ecological characterisation method in temperate waters, and whether a systematic workflow assessment reveals vital relationships between SfM implementation parameters, 3D data products and their implications for underwater SfM surveys. This paper, the second of two empirical assessments, reports on a series of wet‐lab and dryland tests quantifying the impact that temperate waters, underwater cameras, and photograph quantity and configuration have on SfM accuracy. These tests provided crucial accuracy benchmarks informing subsequent field‐based surveys and revealed that underwater SfM workflows can generate highly accurate 3D models in temperate waters.
Disparities in early initiation of breast feeding and prelacteal feeding: A study of low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Neves Paulo Augusto Ribeiro , Vaz Juliana S. , Ricardo Luiza I. C. , Armenta‐Paulino Nancy N. , Barros Aluísio J. D. , Richter Linda , Rollins Nigel , Peréz‐Escamilla Rafael
Published: March 2022

Background

Early initiation of breast feeding (EIBF) reduces the risk of neonatal mortality. However, only 45% of newborns are breast‐fed within the first hour after birth and prelacteal feeding (PLF) is widely prevalent in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs).

Objective

To assess within‐ and between‐country disparities in EIBF and PLF practices by household wealth and place of birth and to investigate the national‐level correlation between these feeding indicators in LMICs.

Methods

Data from Demographic Health Surveys and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (2010–2019) in 76 LMICs were used to investigate within‐country disparities in EIBF, any PLF, milk‐based prelacteal feeding (MPLF), and water‐based prelacteal feeding (WPLF) by wealth quintiles and place of childbirth (institutional [private or public sector] or in‐home) for children under two years. We examined the between‐country Pearson's correlation between EIBF and types of PLF, later adjusted for per capita gross domestic product (GDP).

Results

No clear wealth‐related differences were found for EIBF and WPLF; however, any PLF and MPLF were significantly higher in children belonging to the richest 20% of households but are also prevalent among lower income groups. Prevalence of any PLF was higher among institutional births in all LMICs, but especially for MPLF in private sector deliveries in East Asia & the Pacific, Eastern Europe & Central Asia, and Latin America & the Caribbean. WPLF was more common in all African regions. EIBF was inversely correlated with any PLF (r = −0.59, 95% CI −0.72, −0.42), MPLF (r = −0.41, 95% CI −0.58, −0.21) and WPLF (r = −0.34, 95% CI −0.53, −0.13). Adjustment for log‐GDP did not affect the magnitude and direction of the results.

Conclusion

Clear prorich disparities exist in the prevalence of PLF, especially MPLF. Children born in private sector facilities are more likely to receive MPLF. EIBF is negatively associated with PLF practices in LMICs. The promotion of better early feeding practices is urgent to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal to reduce neonatal mortality to 12 deaths per 1000 live births.
A comment on the protect–manage–then‐restore workflow
Authors: Lortie Christopher J.
Published: March 2022

Decisions and judgment are complex processes. There is a dire need to redress, offset, and salvage function in most natural systems with the profound pressures exerted by global change. We must judge threats and decide between solutions. A recent perspective from a climate mediation perspective proposed a hierarchical approach to consider with respect to the implementation timing for interventions by restoration ecologists. The three steps in descending order of estimated returns included protect first, manage, then restore. This opinion discusses the value of the optimization, and concludes that the workflow is reasonable for many other global grand challenges in addition to restorations that potentially mitigate climate effects.
Severe exacerbations and mortality in COPD: Importance of both body and mind
Authors: de‐Torres Juan P. , Divo Miguel
Published: March 2022

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Agglomeration and innovation effort: A longitudinal study on small and medium manufacturing enterprises in Vietnam
Authors: Duy Luong Vinh Quoc , Cassells Damien
Published: March 2022

This paper analyzes agglomeration effects on innovation behavior by small and medium manufacturing enterprises in Vietnam. We use a novel data set of 1,520 small and medium enterprises from 2011 to 2015. We focus on the spatial concentration of economic activities that influence firms’ innovation outcomes. Moreover, we outline firms' and owners' characteristics as we examine the role of entrepreneurs and other covariates such as firm size, age, and the number of establishments in fostering their firm's innovation. Empirical results show the following: agglomeration contributes to the firms' innovation. Firms were less likely to innovate when they become larger in size, but microfirms were less innovative than others. Firms were found to be more innovative if they produce more than one product and operate in different cities or provinces. In contrast to the strong effects of agglomeration on firm innovation, firm‐level characteristics, especially that of owners, exhibit a weaker or insignificant role.
Nonparametric bounds for the survivor function under general dependent truncation
Authors: Qian Jing , Betensky Rebecca A.
Published: March 2022

Truncation occurs in cohort studies with complex sampling schemes. When truncation is ignored or incorrectly assumed to be independent of the event time in the observable region, bias can result. We derive completely nonparametric bounds for the survivor function under truncation and censoring; these extend prior nonparametric bounds derived in the absence of truncation. We also define a hazard ratio function that links the unobservable region in which event time is less than truncation time, to the observable region in which event time is greater than truncation time, under dependent truncation. When this function can be bounded, and the probability of truncation is known approximately, it yields narrower bounds than the purely nonparametric bounds. Importantly, our approach targets the true marginal survivor function over its entire support, and is not restricted to the observable region, unlike alternative estimators. We evaluate the methods in simulations and in clinical applications.
Executive summary: Elite women’s football—Performance, recovery, diet, and health
Authors: Mohr Magni , Brito João , de Sousa Maysa , Pettersen Svein Arne
Published: March 2022

The present special issue of Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports focuses on performance, recovery, diet, and health in elite women’s football. Beside this summary, an editorial, topic reviews, and original articles written by several of the most published authors in football research are presented. It is, for example, highlighted that there is a great gender inequality in football research in favor of men, especially within elite football populations. Therefore, the broad‐spectrum content of the special issue with focus on several performance areas in women’s football, recovery strategies, nutrition, and psychological factors is highly warranted. Several of the topics examined and data presented are examined for the first on elite women’s football, and therefore, we hope that this special issue will contribute to gender balance the research and emphasis on football in both genders.
The co‐evolution of friendship, defending behaviors, and peer victimization: A short‐term longitudinal social network analysis
Authors: Lambe Laura J. , Craig Wendy M.
Published: March 2022

Peers are critical influencers of adolescent behavior, including defending against peer victimization. The current research explored peer influence processes associated with four different types of peer‐defending behaviors (comforting, reporting, solution‐focused, and aggressive defending behaviors) within early adolescent friendship networks. Links with peer victimization, friendship ties, and gender were also explored. Data were collected from 334 early adolescents ages 11–14 in Canada. Participants self‐reported on defending behaviors, victimization, and friendships over two time‐points, 8–10 weeks apart. Data were analyzed using Stochastic Actor‐Oriented Models (SAOMs). After controlling for friendship network structure and peer selection for defending behaviors, results indicated significant peer socialization effects for comforting, reporting, and solution‐focused defending. For solution‐focused defending only, the peer socialization effect was significantly stronger for girls than for boys. There were no significant selection effects across defending behaviors. In terms of social outcomes, youth with higher levels of reporting tended to have higher levels of peer victimization (and vice versa). Peer victimization was also positively associated with aggressive defending. Defending behaviors were generally unrelated to changes in friendship ties. Overall, these results highlight how friendships contribute to the development of peer‐defending behaviors and emphasize the need to examine defending as a multidimensional behavior.
A gaze‐based interaction method for large‐scale and large‐space disaster scenes within mobile virtual reality
Authors: Zhang Huixin , Hu Ya , Zhu Jun , Fu Lin , Xu Bingli , Li Weilian
Published: March 2022

A three‐dimensional (3D) visualization of disaster scenes based on mobile virtual reality (VR) can improve the application scenarios and emergency service capabilities of traditional 3D visualization of disaster scenes. Because a smartphone needs to be placed into a mobile head‐mounted display, conventional touch scene interaction cannot be used by mobile VR, and the user's gaze usually serves as the default scene interaction method. However, the existing gaze‐based interaction methods for mobile VR scenes are passive scene interaction methods and cannot meet the basic interaction requirement for actively roaming through and exploring large‐scale and large‐space disaster scenes. Therefore, this study focuses on gaze‐based mobile VR interactions to satisfy the various interaction requirements of large‐scale and large‐space disaster scenes. First, a dynamic user interface (UI) generation method for gaze interaction in large‐scale and large‐space disaster scenes is proposed to solve the problem of the active exploration of mobile VR disaster scenes. Second, disaster scene exploration and disaster information query methods based on a dynamic UI and gaze are proposed. Finally, using a flood disaster as an example, a prototype system and associated experiments are discussed. As indicated by the experimental results, the gaze‐based mobile VR interaction methods addressed in this study can effectively support users in actively roaming through and exploring large‐scale and large‐space disaster scenes, disaster simulation analysis, and the interactive querying of disaster information within mobile VR, making the effective interaction of mobile VR disaster scenes possible.
Factors associated with HIV acquisition in the context of humanitarian crises: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Harsono Dini , Peterson Hanna , Nyhan Kate , Khoshnood Kaveh
Published: March 2022

Objective:

The objective of this scoping review is to describe the global evidence on factors associated with HIV acquisition among individuals affected by humanitarian crises.

Introduction:

Humanitarian crises are described as an event or series of events originating from natural causes or human intervention that represent a critical threat to the health, safety, security, and well-being of a community. Humanitarian crises have generated a continued rise in the number of displaced persons worldwide. This forcible displacement may increase the risk of acquiring HIV among the affected populations through poverty, food insecurity, social instability, and lack of access to health services during and after a crisis. Understanding factors that may contribute to HIV acquisition among these populations will allow stakeholders to better provide HIV prevention services and programs in humanitarian settings and to prioritize research efforts.

Inclusion criteria:

This review will consider studies that investigate factors associated with HIV acquisition in populations affected by humanitarian crises caused by natural disasters and human-made complex emergencies. Studies of any design or methodology that contain empirical data will be eligible for inclusion.

Methods:

The proposed review will be conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health, Scopus, and gray literature will be systematically searched. Studies published in English from 1990 will be included. Titles and abstracts of identified citations will be screened independently and assessed for eligibility by two authors. Potentially relevant full-text studies and data will be extracted using a data extraction form. Data will be presented in tabular form, figures, and a narrative summary.
What are scoping reviews? Providing a formal definition of scoping reviews as a type of evidence synthesis
Authors: Munn Zachary , Pollock Danielle , Khalil Hanan , Alexander Lyndsay , Mclnerney Patricia , Godfrey Christina M. , Peters Micah , Tricco Andrea C.
Published: March 2022

Evidence synthesis encompasses a broad range of review types, and scoping reviews are an increasingly popular approach to synthesizing evidence in a number of fields. They sit alongside other evidence synthesis methodologies, such as systematic reviews, qualitative evidence synthesis, realist synthesis, and many more. Until now, scoping reviews have been variously defined in the literature. In this article, we provide the following formal definition for scoping reviews: Scoping reviews are a type of evidence synthesis that aims to systematically identify and map the breadth of evidence available on a particular topic, field, concept, or issue, often irrespective of source (ie, primary research, reviews, non-empirical evidence) within or across particular contexts. Scoping reviews can clarify key concepts/definitions in the literature and identify key characteristics or factors related to a concept, including those related to methodological research.
Miedo, asco proyectivo y política de la exclusión: el impacto de las emociones en la construcción de la ciudadanía democrática
Authors: Pinedo Cantillo Iván Alfonso
Published: March 2022

En las últimas décadas los estudios sobre la estructura cognitiva de las emociones nos permiten comprender el papel que estos fenómenos centrales y omnipresentes de la experiencia humana desempeñan en diversos ámbitos de la vida: Política, educación, derecho, arte, entre otros. En este contexto, autores como Martha Nussbaum y Paul Rozin posibilitan poner al descubierto un nervio sensible para la conformación de auténticas sociedades democráticas en el siglo XXI: la aparición del miedo y el asco proyectivo como emociones que quebrantan la norma pública según la cual todas las personas merecen igual respeto y dignidad. Siendo esto así, este artículo de reflexión expone la discusión que se abre en las ciencias humanas sobre cómo las emociones nos convierten en agentes de justicia o, por el contrario, nos impulsan a generar políticas de exclusión que socavan los cimientos sobre los que se erigen los derechos humanos y la democracia.
Fatty acid and sphingosine reference spectra
Authors: Graham Daniel J. , Taylor Michael J. , Zhang Katherine Y. , Gamble Lara J.
Published: March 2022

The number of publications reporting lipid and fatty acid time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis has increased as ToF-SIMS is increasingly applied toward the analysis of biological systems. Tissue and cell analysis through ToF-SIMS typically involves collecting mass spectrometry images that are used to characterize the local distribution of lipids and fatty acids throughout the analyzed area. Complete and reliable sets of reference spectra are required for fatty acids and lipids in order to aid in the interpretation of ToF-SIMS data from tissues and cells. Here, we present the reference spectra for eight fatty acids and sphingosine a primary component of sphingolipids. This database contains positive and negative polarity spectra using a Bi3+ primary ion species.
Characterization of Clofazimine as a Potential Substrate of Drug Transporter
Authors: Jony M. Rasheduzzaman , Cho Yong-Soon , Long Nguyen Phuoc , Shin Ho-Jung , Shin Jae-Gook
Published: March 2022

In this study, we explored clofazimine (CFZ) as a potential substrate of uptake and efflux transporters that might be involved in CFZ disposition, using transporter gene overexpressing cell lines
in vitro
. The intracellular concentrations of CFZ were significantly increased in the presence of selective inhibitors of P-gp and BCRP, which include verapamil, cyclosporine-A, PSC-833, quinidine, Ko143, and daunorubicin.
pH Regulates the Formation and Hatching of
Cryptocaryon irritans
Tomonts, Which Affects Cryptocaryoniasis Occurrence in
Larimichthys crocea
Aquaculture
Authors: Zhou Liyao , Huang Jiashuang , Jiang Yunyan , Kong Jindong , Xie Xiao , Yin Fei
Published: March 2022

Cryptocaryon irritans
is a ciliate parasite that causes “white spot disease” in marine teleosts. The disease outbreak is influenced by hosts and a range of abiotic factors, such as temperature, salinity, and pH.
In Vitro
Demonstration of Targeted Phage Therapy and Competitive Exclusion as a Novel Strategy for Decolonization of Extended-Spectrum-Cephalosporin-Resistant Escherichia coli
Authors: Laird Tanya , Abraham Rebecca , Sahibzada Shafi , Abraham Sam , O’Dea Mark
Published: March 2022

The emergence and global dissemination of resistance toward critically important antimicrobials, including extended-spectrum cephalosporins in the livestock sector, deepens the One Health threat of antimicrobial resistance. This resistance has the potential to disseminate to humans, directly or indirectly, nullifying these last lines of defense in life-threatening human infections.
Actin Cross-Linking Effector Domain of the
Vibrio vulnificus
F-Type MARTX Toxin Dominates Disease Progression During Intestinal Infection
Authors: Woida Patrick J. , Kitts Giordan , Shee Stephanie , Godzik Adam , Satchell Karla J. F.
Published: March 2022

Vibrio vulnificus
is an opportunistic pathogen that causes gastroenteritis and septicemia in humans. The
V. vulnificus
multifunctional-autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (MARTX) toxin is a pore-forming toxin that translocates multiple functionally independent effector domains into target cells and an essential virulence factor for fatal disease.
Prevalence and Mortality Associated with Bloodstream Organisms: a Population-Wide Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Verway Mark , Brown Kevin A. , Marchand-Austin Alex , Diong Christina , Lee Samantha , Langford Bradley , Schwartz Kevin L. , MacFadden Derek R. , Patel Samir N. , Sander Beate , Johnstone Jennie , Garber Gary , Daneman Nick
Published: March 2022

Bloodstream infections (BSIs) represent a substantial mortality risk, yet most studies are limited to select pathogens or populations. The aim of this study was to describe the population-wide prevalence of BSIs and examine the associated mortality risk for the responsible microorganisms.
Swine H1N1 Influenza Virus Variants with Enhanced Polymerase Activity and HA Stability Promote Airborne Transmission in Ferrets
Authors: Hu Meng , Jones Jeremy C. , Banoth Balaji , Ojha Chet Raj , Crumpton Jeri Carol , Kercher Lisa , Webster Robert G. , Webby Richard J. , Russell Charles J.
Published: March 2022

Diverse IAVs circulate in animals, yet few acquire the viral traits needed to start a human pandemic. A stabilized HA and mammalian-adapted polymerase have been shown to promote the adaptation of IAVs to humans and ferrets (the gold-standard model for IAV replication, pathogenicity, and transmissibility).
Flotillin 2 Facilitates the Infection of a Plant Virus in the Gut of Insect Vector
Authors: Wang Wei , Qiao Luqin , Lu Hong , Chen Xiaofang , Wang Xue , Yu Jinting , Zhu Jiaming , Xiao Yan , Ma Yonghuan , Wu Yao , Zhao Wan , Cui Feng
Published: March 2022

Plant viral diseases are a major threat to world agriculture. The transmission of 80% of plant viruses requires vector insects, and 54% of vector-borne plant viruses are persistent-circulative viruses, which must overcome the barriers of gut cells with the help of proteins on the cell surface.
A Single Amino Acid Switch in the Adenoviral DNA Binding Protein Abrogates Replication Center Formation and Productive Viral Infection
Authors: Boddin Jana , Ip Wing-Hang , Wilkens Britta , von Stromberg Konstantin , Ching Wilhelm , Koyuncu Emre , Bertzbach Luca D. , Dobner Thomas
Published: March 2022

To further understand the biology of human adenoviruses (HAdVs) and to optimize HAdVs for use in prophylactic and therapeutic therapies, a thorough understanding of key viral proteins is paramount. As one of the essential HAdV proteins, the DNA binding protein DBP plays important roles in various steps of the viral replication cycle.
An Alanine Aminotransferase Is Required for Biofilm-Specific Resistance of Aspergillus fumigatus to Echinocandin Treatment
Authors: Kerkaert Joshua D. , Le Mauff François , Wucher Benjamin R. , Beattie Sarah R. , Vesely Elisa M. , Sheppard Donald C. , Nadell Carey D. , Cramer Robert A.
Published: March 2022

Aspergillus fumigatus
is a ubiquitous filamentous fungus that causes an array of diseases depending on the immune status of an individual, collectively termed aspergillosis. Antifungal therapy for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) or chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is limited and too often ineffective.
Complete Genome Sequence of Morganella morganii CTX51T, Isolated from a Human Cecal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Stepanovica Marija , Zepeda-Rivera Martha A. , McGlinchey Adam S. , Baryiames Alexander A. , Jones Dakota S. , LaCourse Kaitlyn D. , Bullman Susan , Johnston Christopher D.
Published: March 2022

We report the complete genome sequence of
Morganella morganii
CTX51T, a strain isolated from the resected tumor of a patient with cecal colorectal adenocarcinoma of the cecum. The genome comprises a circular chromosome of 4.19 Mbp, with an overall GC content of 50.4% and one circular plasmid of 8.48 kbp.
Complete Genome Sequence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Strain CU1000N
Authors: Cugini Carla , Nattarayan Karthikeyan , Ehrlich Rachel L. , Ahmed Azad , Ramasubbu Narayanan
Published: March 2022

Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
strain CU1000N. This rough strain is used extensively as a model organism to characterize localized aggressive periodontitis pathogenesis, the basic biology and oral cavity colonization of
A. actinomycetemcomitans
, and its interactions with other members of the oral microbiome.
Nearly Complete Genome Sequence of Cherry Virus A, Isolated from
Prunus armeniaca
in Jammu and Kashmir, India
Authors: Noorani M. Salik , Khan Jawaid Ahmad , Khursheed Sheikh , Siddiqui Zahid Hameed , Abbas Zahid Khorshid
Published: March 2022

A nearly complete genome sequence of cherry virus A (CVA), isolated from the
Prunus armeniaca
plant, is presented in this publication. The genome is 7,380 bases in length and is divided into two open reading frames, with a 54-nucleotide (nt) 5′ noncoding region (NCR) and a 297-nt 3′ NCR.
Complete Genome Sequence of Bacillus cereus Strain HT18, Isolated from Forest Soil
Authors: Matsunaka Minami , Thanh Nguyen Cong , Uedoi Tatsuya , Iida Takashi , Fujino Yasuhiro , Ohmori Taketo , Hiromasa Yasuaki , Ohshima Toshihisa , Doi Katsumi
Published: March 2022

The genome sequence of
Bacillus cereus
strain HT18, isolated from forest soil, was 5,333,415 bp long. The genome included 5,825 putative coding sequences and 35.2% GC content; the strain had 5 plasmids. Average nucleotide identity based on BLAST+ (ANIb) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) results showed that HT18 was 98.78% and 90.70% homologous, respectively, to
B. cereus
ATCC 14579
T
.
Metagenome-Assembled Genomes Reveal Mechanisms of Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Metabolism of Schistosomiasis-Transmitting Vector
Biomphalaria Glabrata
Authors: Du Shuling , Sun Xi , Zhang Jingxiang , Lin Datao , Chen Runzhi , Cui Ying , Xiang Suoyu , Wu Zhongdao , Ding Tao
Published: March 2022

The spread of aquatic gastropod
Biomphalaria glabrata
, an intermediate host of
Schistosoma mansoni
, exacerbates the burden of schistosomiasis disease worldwide. This study provides insights into the importance of microbiome for basic biological activities of freshwater snails, and offers a valuable microbial genome resource to fill the gap in the analysis of the snail-microbiota-parasite relationship.
Senecavirus a 3D Interacts with NLRP3 to Induce IL-1β Production by Activating NF-κB and Ion Channel Signals
Authors: Choudhury Sk Mohiuddin , Ma XuSheng , Zeng ZongBo , Luo Zhikuan , Li Yuanyuan , Nian XiaoFeng , Ma YongHua , Shi Zhengwang , Song Rui , Zhu ZiXiang , Cao Weijun , Pei Jingjing , Zheng HaiXue
Published: March 2022

Inflammation refers to the response of the immune system to viral, bacterial, and fungal infections or other foreign particles in the body, which can involve the production of a wide array of soluble inflammatory mediators. The NLRP3 inflammasome is one of the best-characterized inflammasome leading to IL-1β production and maturation.