bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Screening of Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.) Mutant Lines for Salinity Tolerance
Authors: Atou Richard , Tonouewa Gauthier , Wouyou Agapit , Kpochemè Eustache , Missihoun Antoine Abel , Montcho David , Ahoton Leonard , Agbangla Clément , Gandonou Christophe Bernard
Published: August 2022

Aims: The present study was carried out to access the salt tolerance level of nine amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus) mutant lines selected from Benin cultivar ‘Locale’ at young plants stage in comparison with the cultivar ‘Locale’ used as control.

Study Design: The experiment was laid out as a Completely Randomized Design with three replications.

Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out in a screening house at University of Abomey-Calavi, City of Abomey-Calavi, Republic of Benin from May to June, 2020.

Methodology: Three-weeks old plants of the nine stable mutant lines and the control cultivar ‘Locale’ were planted in pots containing a mixture of potting soil and sand. NaCl concentrations: 0; 100; 150 and 200 mM were given by irrigation once in two days Plant growth parameters were evaluated after two weeks.

Results: Salt effect caused a reduction of young plant growth whatever the growth parameter considered with a significant disparity (p=.001) among the genotypes. Growth of the control cultivar, lines 1, 11 and 15 was most affected under salt stress whereas that of lines 18; 23 and 16 was least affected. A significant difference (p=.01 or p=.001) was observed among the salt tolerance index of genotypes. The highest salt tolerance index was observed in the line 23 followed by lines 18 and 2; and the lowest in line 15 followed by line 17, line 10 and the control cultivar.

Conclusion: Some variability was observed among lines for their salt resistance. Lines 23, 18 followed by line 2 appeared as the most salt resistant types whereas line 15, followed by lines 17, 10 and the control cultivar were the most salt sensitive. Thus, lines 23, 18 and 2 are promising for salt affected areas. Further studies are necessary to determine the physiological and biochemical mechanisms involved in the lines’ salt resistance.
NPK Uptake Studies under Varied Drip Irrigation Regimes and NK Fertigation Levels in Cucumber in Naturally Ventilated Poly House
Authors: Padmaja S. , Pasha Md. Latheef , Ramya S. M. S. , Umadevi M. , Hussain S. A. , Nirmala A.
Published: August 2022

The present study was conducted in naturally ventilated poly house at Horticulture garden, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana during rabi 2020- 2021 to standardize the optimum N and K fertigation levels and their effect on growth, yield and uptake of nutrients and to derive the nutrients uptake curves for cucumber under poly house during rabi (yasangi).The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with 12 treatments consist of three irrigation regimes viz.,drip irrigation scheduled at 0.8 Epan (I1), 1.0 Epan (I2) and 1.2 Epan (I3) as main plots and four NK fertigation levels of 75% recommended dose of NK (F1- N112.5 K75), 100% recommended dose of NK (F2- N150 K100), 125% recommended dose of NK (F3- N187.5 K125) and 150% recommended dose of NK (F4- N225 K150) as sub plots and replicated thrice. NPK uptake were significantly higher in irrigation scheduled at 1.2 Epan followed by 1.0 and 0.8 Epan during all stages. Among drip fertigation levels NPK uptake increased with each increment in drip fertigation level from 75% recommended dose of NK to 150% recommended dose of NK at all stages.
An Unusual Case of Nemaline Myopathy Type 3
Authors: Tripathi K. , Khosa S. , Mishra S. K.
Published: August 2022

Objective: To report an interesting case of Nemaline Myopathy type 3 with alpha-actin1 (ACTA1) mutation.

Background: Nemaline myopathy (NM) is a rare congenital neuromuscular disorder that presents with facial weakness, bulbar symptoms, generalized muscle weakness, delayed motor development, hypotonia, and the diagnostic presence of rod-like structures in skeletal muscle biopsy. Currently, eleven different genetic mutations are associated with NM. Dominant and recessive mutations in the α-actin1 (ACTA1) gene are amongst the most frequent genetic cause of nemaline myopathy leading to different clinical phenotypes.

Case Description: We present a 27-month-old girl with global developmental delay, muscle weakness, and reflux. She was born at 38 weeks. At two months of age, her floppiness and lack of movement were noticed. Since then, she has been started on strict physical, occupational, speech, and behavioral therapy. She began sitting up at age one and started walking at 18 months. Currently, her motor functions are improving. She can say 1-2 words and is interactive with other children. Neurological examination showed a high arched palate with bilateral facial weakness and decreased muscle tone in all the extremities. Muscle strength was 4/5 in bilateral upper and lower extremities. Her gait was narrow-based with bilateral arm swing. She was able to sit and stand without assistance. 

Conclusion: Symptom management is the basis of patient care in nemaline myopathy. However, as seen in this case, aggressive physical and speech therapy can lead to better motor function and quality of life in congenital myopathies and should be considered.
Mübadele Sonrası İskân Faaliyetlerine İlişkin Birkaç Rapor: Antalya Örneği
Authors: Arslan Aslı
Published: August 2022

Lozan Barış Anlaşması’nın ardından kabul edilen Türk-Rum Ahali
Mübadelesi Mukavelenamesi’ne göre Anadolu’daki Rum Ortodoks
halk ile Yunanistan’daki Müslüman halkın zorunlu mübadelesine
karar verilmesi, Müslüman-Türk toplumunun büyük göçüne sebep
olmuştur. Devlet için hayatî önem taşıyan büyük göç ve göçmen
meseleleri, ilgili bir bakanlık kurularak, nizamnameler,
talimatnameler yayınlanarak kısa zamanda çözülmeye çalışılmıştır.
Mübadeleden daha önce gelenler, Anadolu sınırlarında yardıma
muhtaç olanlar, savaşta evleri yananlar, farklı yerlerden gelen
mülteciler de göç dalgasının içerisinde kalmışlardır. Ülkenin
savaştan yeni çıkmış olması sebebiyle henüz refaha erişememesi
neticesinde ülke içindeki yer değiştirmeler, Rumlardan boşalan ev
ve araziler ile ilgili meseleler, ekonomik, idarî, hukukî ve benzeri
birçok meselenin, göçmenlerin iskânlarında sorunlar yaşanmasına
ve iskânlarının uzamasına neden olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Mübadele sonrası, mübadillerin yaptıkları işlere göre yerleşim
bölgeleri belirlenmiş, iskân faaliyetleri bu bölgelerdeki iskân
müdürlükleri tarafından yürütülmeye başlanmıştır. Antalya ili de bu
bölgelerden biri olmuştur. Zorunlu göç sonrası Antalya’da ikamet
etmek durumunda kalan mübadiller ve diğer göçmenler bazı
sorunlar yaşamıştır. Bu çalışmada, Antalya ilinde mübadillere ve
diğer göçmenlere yapılan iskân faaliyetleri sırasında yaşanan;
emval-i metruke (terk edilmiş mallar) azlığı, iskân için yer
bulunamaması, iskân müdürleri ve memurlarının iskân işindeki
başarısızlıklarının olup olmadığı, iskân defterlerinin eksiksiz olarak
tutulmaması veya kayıtların nüfus müdürlüklerine gönderilmemesi
gibi olumsuzluklar valilik ve m
THE MERITOCRACY PARADIGM DURING THE EMERGENCE OF THE MODERN STATE IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
Authors: Gürkan Hasan
Published: August 2022

Bu çalışmada amaç Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda modern
devletin inşası sürecinde meritokrasi paradigmasını ve
meritokratik yönetim anlayışını incelemektir. Osmanlı
İmparatorluğu tarih yazımında meritokrasi, ihmal edilen
konulardan biridir. Bu nedenle bu çalışma alandaki önemli bir
eksikliği gidermeye çalışmaktadır. Çalışmanın odaklandığı ana
nokta Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda 18. yüzyıldan sonra geniş bir
bürokrasi sınıfına gereksinim duyulması ve devletin yıkılışına
kadar bürokraside liyakatli memurlar yetiştirme çabasıdır. Türk
devlet gelenekleri ile İslamî özellikleri bir arada taşıyan
yönetim anlayışına sahip olan imparatorluk, modernleşme
çabalarının hız kazandığı 19. yüzyılda kısmen de olsa
meritokratik yönetim anlayışının farkına varmıştır.
İmparatorluk, modernleşme sürecine bağlı olarak eğitim,
maliye ve hariciye gibi alanlarda liyakatli memurlar
yetiştirmeye çabalamış ve bu kişiler devlet kademelerinde yer
edinmeye başlamıştır. Sonuçta devlet yönetiminde liyakat
ilkesine özen gösterilmeye çalışılsa da bu konuda kesintisiz bir
süreklilik sağlanamadığı ve bürokrasinin “liyakat” ve “sadakat”
sarmalı içerisinde kaldığı görülmüştür.
PARİS SULH KONFERANSI NDA ANADOLU TOPRAKLARI ÜZERİNDE YUNAN-İTALYAN REKABETİ VE BÜYÜK GÜÇLERİN TUTUMU
Authors: Özgeren Aydın
Published: August 2022

1910 yılında Yunanistan Başbakanı olan Eleftherios Venizelos I. ve II.
Balkan Savaşlarında ülke topraklarını genişletmiş ve Megali İdea fikrine
ulaşmak için her türlü fırsatı değerlendirmiştir. I. Dünya Savaşı başladığında
Venizelos bu savaşı Büyük Yunanistan fikrini gerçekleştirmek için iyi bir
fırsat olarak değerlendirmekteydi. Venizelos mevcut durumu iyi bir politikacı
refleksi ile okumuş ve savaşın sonunda nimetlerden yararlanmak için savaşa
İngiltere ve Fransa’nın yer aldığı blokta girmek için her türlü gayreti sarf
etmiştir. Venizelos bu düşünce doğrultusunda savaşa İtilaf devletlerinin
safında girmiştir. Savaşta galip devletlerin yanında yer alması ve savaşa son
anda dâhil olmasına rağmen İtilaf devletlerinin savaşı kazanmasında
göstermiş olduğu yararlılıklar dolayısıyla savaş sonrasında Venizelos’un Batı
Anadolu toprakları dâhil birçok bölgede toprak talepleri söz konusu olmuştur.
Venizelos söz konusu toprak taleplerini 18 Ocak 1919 tarihinde Paris’te
açılan Paris Sulh Konferans’ında dile getirmiştir. Paris’te toplanan Sulh
Konferansında Batı Anadolu toprakları üzerinde yaşanan en büyük
tartışmalar savaş öncesinde ve savaş sırasında İtalya’ya bu topraklar üzerinde
verilen sözlerle aynı şekilde Yunanistan’ın savaşa dâhil olması için verilen
sözler üzerinde olmuştur. Makalede Fransa Dışişleri Bakanlığı Arşivi (Les
Archives du Ministère des Affaires Etrangères Français-AMAEF)
bünyesinde bulunan ve Paris Sulh Konferansı’nda Yunanistan’ın taleplerini
görüşmek üzere kurulan komisyon tutanakları incelenmiş ve Büyük Güçlerin
Anadolu toprakları üzerindeki düşünceleri, İtalyanlara karşı tutumları ve
İzmir’in işgalinin perde arkası anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu a
ANADOLU SELÇUKLU DÖNEMİ DÜŞÜNCE VE KÜLTÜRÜNÜN OLUŞUMUNDA KUZEYDOĞU ANADOLU BÖLGESİNDEN BİR GRUP YAPI ÜZERİNE DÜŞÜNCELER
Authors: Şahin Mustafa Kemal
Published: August 2022

Anadolu Selçuklu Dönemi sanatsal ortamının anlaşılmasında bölgesel etkenlerin belirlenmesi çok önemlidir. Yapıların plan tiplerinin oluşumunda bölgenin toplumsal ve düşünce yapısının göz önüne alınması gereklidir. Genel anlamda Kuzeydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinde; Kemah- Divriği- Eski Arapkir- Çemişkezek-Harput ve Mazgirt’te bulunan yapıların öncelikle tipolojik, belirgin özellikleri, benzerlikleri/farklılıkları ile irdelenmesi bölgesel sanatsal ortamın anlaşılması bakımından çok önemlidir. Anadolu dışı ve Selçuklu öncesi kültürel etkilerin Anadolu Selçuklu dönemi sanat anlayışı içerisinde ele alındığı görülmektedir. Ele alınan bölgedeki eserlerin farklı plan tipleri göstermesi konunun ele alınması bakımından önemlidir. Anadolu Selçuklu Dönemi düşünce ve kültürünün oluşumunda Kuzeydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi, sanatsal uygulamaları ile dikkat çekmektedir. Orta Asya Türk Sanatı, Selçuklu Öncesi Anadolu’sunun yerli Hıristiyan sanatı ve Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi kültürel ve toplumsal yapı ve düşünce biçiminin, yapıların plan tiplerine ve mimari özelliklerine yansıdığının göstergesi durumundadır. Bölgedeki farklı kültürel değerlerin zenginliği dikkati çekmektedir. Bu durum Türkmen geleneklerinin devamlılığını göstermesi bakımından önemlidir. Kümbetlerde mumyalama geleneği örneklerinin Kemah ve Harput’ta bulunması bu durumu kanıtlamaktadır. Ek olarak, Anadolu Selçuklu Dönemi öncesi ve devamında Divriği Sitte Melik Kümbeti örneğinde olduğu gibi, Anadolu’da yerli Hıristiyan sanatının kültürel etkilerinin görülmesi konunun bir diğer yanını oluşturmaktadır. Eski Arapkir’deki Caminin, doğu ve batı düzenlenişi yönüyle farklılık gösterdiği anlaşılmaktadır. Batı kanadının zaviye özelliği taşıdığı düşüncesine katılmakla birlikte, Cami+ Zaviye/hanikah yapısıyla birlikte işlevleri yönüyle farklı olan bir yapı örneği ile karşılaşmaktayız. Onar Köyü mezar taşları bölgede Türkmen geleneklerinin devamlılığını göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte Çemişkezek Yelmaniye Camisi/ medrese/zaviye birlikteliğinin önemli bir örneğini yansıtmaktadır. Elazığ Harput Ulu Camisi plan özellikleri yönüyle bölgedeki farklı örneklerden birisidir. Tunceli Mazgirt Elti Camisi planı yönüyle farklı ve sorunlu bir durumda olması yanı sıra kümbetin cenazelik katının olmayışı Divriği ilintilerini yansıtmaktadır.
POBREZA Y REPRODUCCIÓN FAMILIAR: propuesta de un enfoque para su estudio
Authors: Eguía Amalia
Published: August 2022

En este artículo se propone un enfoque para el estudio de la pobreza centrado en el concepto de estrategias familiares de reproducción. Se considera que centrarse en el análisis de los recursos con que cuentan las unidades domésticas para su reproducción cotidiana y de su articulación (incorporando al estudio el universo de representaciones asociado a dichas prácticas) permite un estudio integral de las condiciones de vida en la pobreza y una mayor comprensión de su complejidad y heterogeneidad. Se mencionan investigaciones realizadas en barrios periurbanos del Gran La Plata, provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina) desde 1988, con el objetivo de mostrar los aspectos considerados y la perspectiva que se fue construyendo. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: pobreza, vulnerabilidad social, reproducción social, metodología, enfoques cualitativos. POVERTY AND FAMILY REPRODUCTION: proposal of an approach to its study     This paper aims at presenting an approach to study poverty, centered on the concept of family reproduction strategies. It takes into consideration that by centering the analysis on the resources used by some households for their daily reproduction and mobilization, it is possible to develop a complete study of life under poverty conditions. Thus, the representations associated with the appropriate practices are incorporated into the study, which enables a better understanding of its complexity and heterogeneity. The paper mentions the surveys that have been carried out since 1988 in the periurban districts of Gran La Plata, a Buenos Aires (Argentina) province, in order to show the features that were taken into consideration and the perspective that was being shaped. KEY WORDS: poverty, social vulnerability, social reproduction, methodology, qualitative approaches. PAUVRETE ET REPRODUCTION FAMILIALE: proposition d’abordage pour son étude     Cet article propose une étude de la pauvreté à partir d’un abordage centré sur le concept des stratégies familiales de reproduction. Nous considérons que le fait de se centrer sur l’analyse des ressources sur lesquelles les unités familiales comptent pour la reproduction quotidienne et leur articulation (incorporant dans cette étude l’univers des représentations associé aux dites pratiques) permet une étude intégrale des conditions de vie dans la pauvreté et une meilleure compréhension de sa complexité et de son hétérogénéité. Des études réalisées depuis 1988 dans des quartiers périphériques de Gran La Plata, province de Buenos Aires (Argentine), sont mentionnées dans le but de montrer les aspects considérés et la perspective construite. MOTS-CLÉS: pauvreté, vulnérabilité SOciale, reproduction sociale, méthodologie, abordages qualitatifs. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
ALGUMAS REFLEXÕES SOBRE SEXO, IDADE E COR
Authors: Alves Andréa Moraes
Published: August 2022

Este artigo discute as relações entre as classificações etárias e as classificações étnicas e de gênero. Essas interações nos ajudam a refletir sobre alguns desafios contemporâneos da pesquisa sobre envelhecimento. A preocupação principal do artigo é a de formular alguns questionamentos sobre a forma como o envelhecimento vem sendo trabalhado nas pesquisas em ciências sociais,mostrando que a articulação com as pesquisas sobre etnia e gênero pode ser valiosa para avançar nos estudos e derrubar alguns mitos que ainda cercam a velhice em nossa sociedade. Palavras-Chave: gênero, geração e etnia. SOME REFLECTIONS ABOUT SEX, AGE AND COLOR This article discusses relations between age groups classifications and ethnic and gender classifications. These interactions help us to reflect on some contemporary challenges of researchon aging. The main concern of this article is to formulate some questions about the way aging has been treated by social science research, showing that, by articulating research about ethnic groups and gender, it might be possible to demolish some myths which still surround aging in our society. KEY WORDS: gender, generation and ethnic groups. QUELQUES REFLEXIONS SUR LE SEXE, L’ÂGE ET LA COULEUR     Cet article parle des réflexions concernant les classifications par âge et les classifications ethniques et de genre. Ces interactions nous aident à réfléchir à quelques défis contemporains concernant la recherche sur le vieillissement. Cet article a comme préoccupation principale de formuler certains questionnements concernant la manière dont le vieillissement est travaillé dans les recherches en sciences sociales, tout en montrant que l’articulation de ces recherches sur les ethnies et les genres n’est pas sans valeur pour faire avancer ces études et renverser quelques mythes encore existants concernant la vieillesse dans notre société. MOTS-CLÉS: genre, génération et ethnie. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
ENTRE HENRY FORD E ARIEL. CAMINHOS DO AMERICANISMO EM VICENTE LICÍNIO CARDOSO
Authors: Ehlert João Marcelo
Published: August 2022

Este texto tem por objetivo analisar o pensamento de um intérprete do “americanismo à brasileira”, Vicente Licínio Cardoso. Intelectual de destaque na Primeira República, Vicente Licínio deixou diversos escritos em que elabora uma versão original do americanismo nos anos 20. Eu sugiro que essa versão, que articula arielismo e fordismo e mobiliza a categoria euclidiana “terra”, evita as polarizações que tanto seduzem intérpretes dedicados ao tema “América”. Pretendo, com isso, mostrar como a investigação de um autor esquecido pelos estudos contemporâneos dedicados ao pensamento social brasileiro pode iluminar novas dimensões de um tema que ainda hoje mobiliza nossa imaginação intelectual. Palavras-chave:pensamento social, intelectuais, americanismo, Primeira República, Vicente Licínio Cardoso. Between HENRY FORD and ARIEL. Americanism Paths in VICENTE LICíNIO CARDOSO   This paper aims at analyzing Vicente Licínio Cardoso’s thought. An interpreter of the “Brazilian Ameri-canism”, an outstanding intellectual of the First Republic, Vicente Licínio Cardoso left several writings in which he elaborated an original version of the Americanism of the twenties. This version, which articulated Arielism and Fordism, puts in motion Euclides da Cunha’s category of “land”, thus avoiding the polarizations that exert a strong attraction on the interpreters dedicated to the “America” topic. The intention is to show how the investigations of an author, who had been neglected by the contemporary studies that concentrated on the Brazilian social thought, can shed light on a topic that still puts our intellectual imagination into motion. Key words: social thought, intellectuals, Americanism, First Republic, and Vicente Licínio Cardoso. ENTRE HENRY FORD ET ARIEL. LES CHEMINS DE L’AMERICANISME DANS L’OEUVRE DE VICENTE LICÍNIO CARDOSO   Ce texte a pour objectif analyser la pensée d’un interprète de l’americanis-me à la brésilienne, Vicente Licínio Cardoso. Important intellectuel dans la Première République, Vicente Licínio a laissé comme legs plusieurs écrits dans lesquels il élabore une version originale de l’americanisme dans les annés 20. Je suggère que cette version, qui articule “arielisme” et “fordisme” et qui mobilise aussi la catégorie “terre” de Euclides da Cunha, évite les polarisations tellement séduisantes aux yeux des interprètes qui se dédient au sujet “Amérique”. Ceci dit, je souhaite montrer comment la recherche d’un auteur oublié par les études contemporaines dediés à la pensée sociale brésilienne peut ouvrir des nouvelles dimensions d’un sujet qui mobilise notre imagination intellectuelle encore aujourd’ hui. Mot-clés: pensée sociale, intellectuels, “americanisme”, Première Republique, Vicente Licínio Cardoso. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
ESTADO E SOCIEDADE EM OLIVEIRA VIANNA E RAYMUNDO FAORO
Authors: Ricupero Bernardo , Ferreira Gabriela Nunes
Published: August 2022

O artigo confronta as visões de Oliveira Vianna e Raymundo Faoro sobre a relação entre Estado e sociedade no Brasil. Embora os dois autores apresentem interpretações distintas sobre essa questão, apontamos para alguns importantes pontos de convergência que muitas vezes deixam de ser notados. Palavras-chave: Oliveira Vianna, Raymundo Faoro, Estado, sociedade, pensamento brasileiro. STATE AND SOCIETY IN Oliveira Vianna AND Raymundo Faoro   The paper compares Oliveira Vianna and Raymundo Faoro’s viewpoints on the relationship between State and Society in Brazil. Although the two authors present distinct interpretations on this issue, some important points of convergence are highlighted that often end up not being noticed. Key Words: Oliveira Vianna, Raymundo Faoro, State, society, Brazilian thought. ÉtaT eT sociÉTÉ dans les textes de Oliveira Vianna et Raymundo Faoro L’article fait une confrontation entre les perceptions de Oliveira Viana et de Raymundo Faoro concernant le lien existant entre l’Etat et la société au Brésil. Même si les deux auteurs présentent des interprétations distinctes du sujet, nous mettons en évidence certains points importants de convergence qui passent souvent inaperçus. Mots-clés: Oliveira Viana, Raymundo Faoro, Etat, société, pensée brésilienne. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
CIVILIZAÇÃO E SERTÃO NO PENSAMENTO SOCIAL DO SÉCULO XIX
Authors: Coser Ivo
Published: August 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar que o debate político brasileiro durante o século XIX utilizou-se das idéias de “civilização e barbárie”, ou “sertão”, como pontos centrais de análise. O autor propõe utilizar os termos “civilização” e “sertão” pensando-os como conceito unificado, capaz de reunir diversos conteúdos significativos e compreender temas diversos debatidos ao longo do século XIX. Palavras-chave: pensamento social brasileiro, império, liberalismo, civilização, barbárie. CivilizaTION AND BRAZILIAN HINTERLAND IN THE SOCIAL THOUGHT OF THE 19TH CENTURY The aim of this paper is to show that the Brazilian debate of the 19th century resorted to the ideas of “civili-zation” and “barbarity” or “hinterland”, as central points of analysis. The author proposes the use of the terms “civilization” and “hinterland” as a unified concept, capable of encom-passing a variety of meaningful contents and grasping the several topics discussed during the 19th century. Key Words: Brazilian social thought, Empire, liberalism, civilization, barbarity. CiviliSATION eT Sertão DANS LA PENSEE SOCIALE DU XIXe siècle   Cet article a pour objectif de démontrer que le débat politique brésilien au cours du XIXe siècle s’est servi des idées de “civilisation et bar-barie”, ou de “sertão”, comme références centrales d’analyse. L’auteur propose d’utiliser les termes “civilisation” et “sertão” en tant que concept unifié, capable de réunir divers contenus singnificatifs et de comprendre divers thèmes débattus tout au long du XIXe siècle. Mots-clés: pensée sociale brésilienne, empire, libéralisme, civilisation, barbarie. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
UMA POLÍCÍA MILITAR EM UMA SOCIEDADE DEMOCRÁTICA
Authors: Oliveira Antônio
Published: August 2022

Dentre as questões referentes ao serviço de segurança fornecido pelo Estado, no Brasil, aparece a tese, difundida pela imprensa e pela Universidade, segundo a qual o caráter militar de uma fração da polícia, aquela que se dedica ao policiamento ostensivo poderia fundamentar os abusos cometidos pelos policiais militares em razão da militarização da polícia. Este artigo discute esse tema, ou seja, avalia se há de fato correlação entre o abuso dos agentes e o estatuto jurídico da polícia. Para esta discussão, recorre às reflexões teóricas sobre o aparelho policial e aos discursos de oficiais policiais militares da Bahia a respeito do caráter militar da ação da polícia, examinando a pertinência ou não da associação comumente feita entre os excessos policiais e a militarização da polícia. Palavras-chave: Brasil, polícia militar, segurança pública, brutalidade policial, democracia.Military Police in a Democratic Society In Brazil, amongst the issues referring to the security service supplied by the State, the press and the Academia have disseminated a thesis, according to which the military characteristics of a fraction of the police, the one that is dedicated to the ostensive police supervision, could explain the abuses practiced by the military policeman as a consequence of the police militarization.  When discussing this topic, the paper evaluates if there is a real correlation between the abuse of the state agents and the juridical statute of the police. The discussion is based on the theoretical reflections on the apparatus of the police and on the official discourses of the military policemen, assessing whether it is pertinent or not to make an association between the police officers’ excesses and the police militarization. Key words: Brazil, military policy, public security, social brutality, democracy. UNE police militaire dans une societe demo cratique Au sein des questions concernant les services de sécurité assurés par l’Etat, il existe au Brésil une thèse, diffusée par la presse et les Universités, selon laquelle le caractère militaire d’une fraction de la police, celle qui s’occupe de la surveillance ostensible, pourrait justifier les abus commis par les policiers militaires en raison de la militarisation de la police. Cet article traite de ce thème, c’est-à-dire qu’il fait une évaluation pour voir s’il y a effectivement une corrélation entre l’abus des agents et le statut juridique de la police. Pour cette discussion, on a recours à des réflexions théoriques concernant l’appareil policier et aux discours d’officiers de police militaires de Bahia concernant le caractère militaire de l’action de la police afin vérifier si l’association couramment faite entre les excès policiers et la militarisatin de la police est pertinente ou non. Mots-clés: Brésil, police militaire, sécurité publique, brutalité policière, démocratie. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
NOVOS TERRRITÓRIOS PRODUTIVOS E DESENVOLVIMENTO LOCAL: limites e possibilidades
Authors: Neves Magda de Almeida , Neto Antônio Carvalho
Published: August 2022

Este artigo pretende analisar a implantação da Mercedes-Benz em Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, no contexto da nova dinâmica das indústrias automotivas no Brasil de descentralização espacial das novas plantas. Serão focalizados não só a constituição dessa nova planta industrial, os acordos estabelecidos com o poder estadual e municipal, mas também as conseqüências para o município e para a região, no âmbito do desenvolvimento local. Além desses aspectos, serão contempladas, no artigo, as estratégias dos diferentes atores sociais envolvidos nesse processo, como o governo de Minas Gerais, a prefeitura da cidade, a empresa, o sindicato e os trabalhadores.  Palavras-Chave: novos territórios produtivos, reetruturação produtiva, indústria automotiva e mercado de trabalho, desenvolvimento local. NEW PRODUCTIVE TERRITORIES AND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT: limits and possibilities Magda de Almeida Neves Antonio Carvalho Neto This paper aims at analyzing the implantation of a Mercedes-Benz plant in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, within the context of the new dynamics of car industries in Brazil in terms of the spatial decentralization of the new plants. The formation of this new industrial plant will be taken into consideration, as well as the agreements that were made with the state and municipal governments, besides the consequences for the municipality and for the region within the local development scope. Moreover, this article also addresses the strategies of the different social actors involved in this process, namely Minas Gerais State Government, the municipality, union and workers. Key words: new productive territories, productive restructuring, car industry and labor market, local development. NOUVEAUX TERRITOIRES PRODUCTIFS ET DEVELOPPEMENT LOCAL: Limites et possibilites Magda de Almeida Neves Antonio Carvalho Neto     Dans cet article, nous nous proposons d’analyser l’implantation de Mercedes-Benz à Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, dans le contexte de la nouvelle dynamique de décentralisation de l’espace des nouveaux plans, adoptée par les industries automobiles au Brésil. On y focalise non seulement la constitution de ce nouveau plan industriel, les accords signés avec les pouvoirs d’état et municipaux mais aussi les conséquences pour la commune et pour la région, dans le cadre du développement local. Outre ces aspects, on aborde les stratégies des différents acteurs sociaux, tels que le gouvernement de Minas Gerais, la mairie de la ville, l’entreprise, le syndicat et les travailleurs, liés à ce processus. Mots-clés: nouveaux territoires productifs, restructuration productive, industrie automobile et marché du travail, développement local.  Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
TRABALHO, AUTOGESTÃO E MERCADO
Authors: Lima Jacob Carlos
Published: August 2022

Este artigo se propõe a discutir o crescimento das cooperativas de trabalho no Brasil a partir dos anos 90 e o debate que se seguiu sobre seu caráter “flexível” e funcional ao capitalismo, ou seu caráter de alternativa dos trabalhadores ao desemprego e à autonomia. Os dados utilizados baseiam-se em pesquisas realizadas entre 1997 e 2004, que englobam estudos de casos e surveys sobre trabalhadores em cooperativas em várias regiões do país. Palavras-chave: trabalho flexível, autogestão, economia solidária, trabalhadores associados. LABOR, SELF MANAGEMENT AND MARKET Jacob Carlos Lima This article intends to discuss the growth of the work cooperatives in Brazil starting from the nineties and the debate that it was followed about  your “flexible “ and functional character   to the capitalism, or your alternative character of the workers to the unemployment and the autonomy. They were used data of researches accomplished between 1997 and 2004 including case studies and surveys on workers in cooperatives in several areas of the country. Key words: flexible work, solidarity economy, associated work. TRAVAIL, AUTOGESTION ET MARCHÉ Jacob Carlos Lima Notre propos est de discuter, dans cet article, la croissance des coopératives de travail au Brésil à partir des années 1990 ainsi que le débat qui s’en est suivi sur leur caractère “flexible” et fonctionnel par rapport au capitalisme, ou leur caractère d’alternative possible pour les travailleurs face au chômage et pour une autonomie. Les données utilisées sont celles de recherches réalisées entre 1997 et 2004 qui englobent des études de cas et des surveys sur les travailleurs en coopératives de diverses régions du pays. Mots-clés: travail flexible, autogestion, économie solidaire, travailleurs associés. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
PIERRE BOURDIEU: polêmica da razão sociológica
Authors: Mercuri Cristiana
Published: August 2022

Este artigo apresenta o discurso de Pierre Bourdieu sobre a ciência, privilegiando a articulação que o autor constrói entre as reflexões epistemológicas e a análise sociológica. O discurso de Bourdieu entende a ciência como uma prática social que tem racionalidade própria, sendo, ao mesmo tempo, produto e produtora de sua história. Bourdieu admite que a ciência é necessariamente condicionada sócio-historicamente, e, exatamente devido à sua história, é capaz de desenvolver instrumentos para controlar os erros e os mecanismos que os engendram. O objetivo da análise, portanto, é explicitar as “tensões” conseqüentes dessa historicização radical à qual a ciência é submetida, operada pela análise sociológica de Pierre Bourdieu, e desvelar as “soluções” que ele apresenta, a partir da noção de duplas verdades. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Sociologia da Ciência, Epistemologia, História, Razão, Pierre Bourdieu.PIERRE BOURDIEU: polemics on sociological reasoning Cristiana Mercuri The object of this article is Pierre Bourdieu’s discourse on science. The focus is on the articulation that he builds up between the epistemological reflections and the sociological analysis. The discourse of that thinker reveals the specificity of a social practice which has its own rationality, and is, at the same time, a product and a producer of its history. Bourdieu admits that science is necessarily socio-historically conditioned, but, for that history, it is also capable of developing tools in order to control the errors and the mechanisms that produce them. Then, the purposes are to clarify the “tensions” due to radical historicization, to which science has been submitted, through Pierre Bourdieu’s sociological analysis, and to unveil the “solutions” that he presents, having the notion of double truths as a point of start. KEYWORDS: Science sociology, Epistemology, History, Reason. Pierre Bourdieu.PIERRE BOURDIEU: la polémique de la raison sociologique Cristiana Mercuri Cet article presente le discours de Pierre Bourdieu sur la science. L´attention y est portée directement sur l´articulation qu´il construit entre les réflexions épistémologiques et l´analyse sociologique. Ce discours révèle les spécificités d´une pratique sociale qui a sa propre rationnalité, étant à la fois produit et producteur de son histoire. Bourdieu admet que la science est nécessairement conditionnée sociohistoriquement, mais c´est exatement au moyen de cette histoire qu´elle est également capable de développer des instruments visant à controler les erreurs et les mécanismes qui les engendrent. L´ objectif est donc d´expliciter les “tensions” résultant de l´historicisme radical, auquel la science est soumise, réalisé par l´analyse sociologique de Pierre Bourdieu, et de dévoiler les “solutions” présentées par ce dernier, à partir de la notion de doubles vérité. MOTS-CLEFS: Sociologie de la Science, Épistémologie, Histoire. Raison, Pierre Bourdieu.Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
Evolution of a chimeric mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase through gene fusion in a haptophyte alga
Authors: Hirakawa Yoshihisa , Hanawa Yutaka , Yoneda Kohei , Suzuki Iwane
Published: August 2022

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a universal enzyme family that catalyses the interconversion of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate, and they are localized in most compartments including mitochondria and plastids. Thus far, eight classes of CAs (α‐, β‐, γ‐, δ‐, ζ‐, η‐, θ‐ and ι‐CA) have been characterized. This study reports an interesting gene encoding a fusion protein of β‐CA and ι‐CA found in the haptophyte Isochrysis galbana. Recombinant protein assays demonstrated that the C‐terminal ι‐CA region catalyses CO2 hydration, whereas the N‐terminal β‐CA region no longer exhibits enzymatic activity. Considering that haptophytes generally have mitochondrion‐localized β‐CAs and plastid‐localized ι‐CAs, the fusion CA would show an intermediate stage in which mitochondrial β‐CA is replaced by ι‐CA in a haptophyte species.
Dietary interventions, the gut microbiome, and aggressive behavior: Review of research evidence and potential next steps
Authors: Tcherni‐Buzzeo Maria
Published: August 2022

Research in biosocial criminology and other related disciplines has established links between nutrition and aggressive behavior. In addition to observational studies, randomized trials of nutritional supplements like vitamins, omega‐3 fatty acids, and folic acid provide evidence of the dietary impact on aggression. However, the exact mechanism of the diet‐aggression link is not well understood. The current article proposes that the gut microbiome plays an important role in the process, with the microbiota–gut–brain axis serving as such a mediating mechanism between diet and behavior. Based on animal and human studies, this review synthesizes a wide array of research across several academic fields: from the effects of dietary interventions on aggression, to the results of microbiota transplantation on socioemotional and behavioral outcomes, to the connections between early adversity, stress, microbiome, and aggression. Possibilities for integrating the microbiotic perspective with the more traditional, sociologically oriented theories in criminology are discussed, using social disorganization and self‐control theories as examples. To extend the existing lines of research further, the article considers harnessing the experimental potential of noninvasive and low‐cost dietary interventions to help establish the causal impact of the gut microbiome on aggressive behavior, while adhering to the high ethical standards and modern research requirements. Implications of this research for criminal justice policy and practice are essential: not only can it help determine whether the improved gut microbiome functioning moderates aggressive and violent behavior but also provide ways to prevent and reduce such behavior, alone or in combination with other crime prevention programs.
Clinical Phenotypes of Patients With Systemic Sclerosis With Distinct Molecular Signatures in Skin
Authors: Yang Monica , Goh Vivien , Lee Jungwha , Espinoza Monica , Yuan Yiwei , Carns Mary , Aren Kathleen , Chung Lorinda , Khanna Dinesh , McMahan Zsuzsanna H. , Agrawal Rishi , Nelson Lauren Beussink , Shah Sanjiv J. , Whitfield Michael L. , Hinchcliff Monique
Published: August 2022

Objective

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients are classified according to degree of skin fibrosis (limited and diffuse cutaneous [lc and dc]) and serum autoantibodies. We undertook the present multicenter study to determine whether intrinsic subset (IS) classification based upon skin gene expression yields additional valuable clinical information.

Methods

SSc patients and healthy participants (HPs) were classified into Normal‐like, Limited, Fibroproliferative, and Inflammatory ISs using a previously trained classifier. Clinical data were obtained (serum autoantibodies, pulmonary function testing, modified Rodnan skin thickness scores [mRSS], and high‐resolution chest computed tomography [HRCT]). Statistical analyses were performed to compare patients classified by IS, traditional cutaneous classification, and serum autoantibodies.

Results

A total of 223 participants (165 SSc [115 dcSSc and 50 lcSSc] and 58 HPs) were classified. Inflammatory IS patients had higher mRSS (22.1 ± 9.9; P < 0.001) than other ISs and dcSSc patients (19.4 ± 9.4; P = 0.05) despite similar disease duration (median [interquartile range] months 14.9 [19.9] vs. 18.4 [31.6]; P = 0.48). In multivariable modeling, no significant association between mRSS and RNA polymerase III (P = 0.07) or anti–topoisomerase I (Scl‐70) (P = 0.09) was found. Radiographic interstitial lung disease (ILD) was more prevalent in Fibroproliferative IS compared with other ISs (91%; P = 0.04) with similar prevalence between lcSSc and dcSSc (67% vs. 76%; P = 0.73). Positive Scl‐70 antibody was the strongest ILD predictor (P < 0.001). Interestingly, all lcSSc/Fibroproliferative patients demonstrated radiographic ILD.

Conclusions

Classification by IS identifies patients with distinct clinical phenotypes versus traditional cutaneous or autoantibody classification. IS classification identifies subgroups of SSc patients with more radiographic ILD (Fibroproliferative), higher mRSS (Inflammatory), and milder phenotype (Normal‐like) and may provide additional clinically useful information to current SSc classification systems.
Hollow Nanomaterials in Advanced Drug Delivery Systems: From Single‐ to Multiple Shells
Authors: Li Zhao , Xu Ke , Qin Linlin , Zhao Decai , Yang Nailiang , Wang Dan , Yang Yang
Published: August 2022

Hollow‐structured nanomaterials (HSNMs) have attracted increased interest in biomedical fields, owing to their excellent potential as drug delivery systems (DDSs) for clinical applications. Among HSNMs, hollow multi‐shelled structures (HoMSs) exhibit properties such as high loading capacity, sequential drug release, and multi‐functionalized modification and represent a new class of nanoplatforms for clinical applications. The remarkable properties of HoMS‐based DDS can simultaneously satisfy and enhance DDSs for delivering small molecular drugs (e.g., antibiotics, chemotherapy drugs, and imaging agents) and macromolecular drugs (e.g., protein/peptide‐ and nucleic acid‐based drugs). First, the latest research advances in delivering small molecular drugs are summarized and highlight the inherent advantages of HoMS‐based DDSs for small molecular drug targeting, combining continuous therapeutic drug delivery and theranostics to optimize the clinical benefit. Meanwhile, the macromolecular drugs DDSs are in the initial development stage and currently offer limited delivery modes. There is a growing need to analyze the deficiency of other HSNMs and integrate the advantages of HSNMs, providing solutions for the safe, stable, and cascade delivery of macromolecular drugs to meet vast treatment requirements. Therefore, the latest advances in HoMS‐based DDSs are comprehensively reviewed, mainly focusing on the characteristics, research progress by drug category, and future research prospects.
Role of Moisture and Oxygen in Defect Management and Orderly Oxidation Boosting Carbon‐Based CsPbI2Br Solar Cells to a New Record Efficiency
Authors: Zhang Guizhi , Zhang Jianxin , Yang Zechao , Pan Zhenxiao , Rao Huashang , Zhong Xinhua
Published: August 2022

Large energy loss (Eloss) caused by defect‐assisted recombination makes the photovoltaic performance of carbon‐based perovskite solar cells (C‐PSCs) inferior to that of metal‐electrode ones. Herein, the influence of environmental factors (moisture and oxygen) on defect management during re‐annealing process of CsPbI2Br crystalline films is systematically studied. Density functional theory and experimental results indicate that moisture in the air can significantly reduce the oxidation kinetics of crystalline films, resulting in orderly oxidation. Concomitantly, the oxidation decomposition products PbO and CsPbIBr2 are enriched at grain boundaries, passivating surface defects efficiently. Simultaneously, energy band coupling between CsPbI2Br and CsPbIBr2 improves the hole extraction efficiency. The photovoltage of corresponding C‐PSCs is increased from 1.05 to 1.32 V, indicating a reduced Eloss derived from orderly oxidation strategy. Correspondingly, the champion cell achieves an efficiency of 15.27%, and a certified efficiency of 14.7%, which is a new record efficiency for CsPbI2Br C‐PSCs.
Broad‐Spectrum Photodetection with High Sensitivity Via Avalanche Multiplication in WSe2
Authors: Choi Haeju , Choi Seunghyuk , Kang Taeho , Son Hyeonje , Kang Chanwoo , Hwang Euyheon , Lee Sungjoo
Published: August 2022

High‐sensitivity broad‐spectrum photodetectors with detection capabilities ranging from ultraviolet to infrared have attracted significant attention for their application as photodetectors. They can be used as a receiver for all applications in optical communication for covering a wide spectral range with a single photodetector, which can significantly lower the overall system cost. In this study, by constructing an avalanche photodetector (APD) fabricated with 2D WSe2, a high photoresponsivity of over 107 A W−1 for a broad spectrum of 405–1310 nm is achieved under an electric field higher than the critical field for the avalanche multiplication of 35 kV cm−1, overcoming the limitation of the detectable wavelength induced by the energy bandgap of the material. The benchmark in terms of the photocurrent‐to‐dark current ratio and responsivity over a wide wavelength range demonstrates that the fabricated WSe2 APD outperforms the reported 2D layered material‐based APDs and reported WSe2 photodetectors. The obtained results can be attributed to the high‐gain mechanism via avalanche multiplication and phonon‐assisted photogeneration in WSe2, enabling efficient photodetection beyond sub‐bandgap wavelengths. This result provides a promising general approach for developing a single photodetector that can cover a broad spectral range with a high sensitivity for future optical communication.
Purely Organic Blue Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence Activated by Acrylamide In Situ Photopolymerization
Authors: Sun Yonghui , Chen Yong , Jiang Linnan , Yu Xiaoyong , Qin Yuexiu , Wang Shuaipeng , Liu Yu
Published: August 2022

Purely organic room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP), especially blue phosphorescence, has aroused considerable attention in organic optoelectronic applications. Herein, a purely solid supramolecular assembly with blue phosphorescence is constructed by 6‐bromoisoquinoline‐modified β‐cyclodextrin (CD‐IQ), acrylamide (AAm), and cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) based on in situ photopolymerization strategy, accompanied by blue RTP emission at 450 nm. The abundant hydrogen‐bonding network between the formed polyacrylamide matrix and the β‐CD effectively restricts the motion of the 6‐bromoisoquinoline chromophore and suppresses the nonradiative transition, realizing purely blue RTP emission. As compared with CD‐IQ‐polymer, supramolecular assembly between CB[7] and CD‐IQ can improve the quantum yield and lifetime from the initial 25.5% and 238.47 ms to 49.41% and 268.9 ms, respectively, which is attributed to the confinement effect of the cucurbituril hydrophobic cavity, and can be further applied in fields of anti‐counterfeiting, information encryption, and writing.
Recent Advances of Single‐Atom‐Alloy for Energy Electrocatalysis
Authors: Shen Tao , Wang Shuang , Zhao Tonghui , Hu Yezhou , Wang Deli
Published: August 2022

Single‐atom‐alloys (SAAs), as an emerging kind of materials, combine the advantages of alloy and single‐atom catalysts. The full atomic utilization of active sites and well‐defined bonding environments in SAAs lead to superior electrocatalytic performance and give a deep insight into the structural–activity relationship. In this review, the recent advances of SAAs in various electrochemical reactions are highlighted for further designing of highly effective electrocatalysts. This review starts with an introduction to the fundamental concepts of several effects, which influence the electrocatalytic activities. Then the preparation and characterization methods on SAAs are listed and compared. Next, the recent advances of SAAs in hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, alcohol/hydrogen/formic acid oxidation reaction, carbon dioxide reduction reaction, etc. are illustrated and discussed in detail. Finally, the challenges and suggestions for the future development of SAAs in energy‐conversion electrocatalysis are presented.