bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the potential of passive seismic receiver functions for ore body exploration
Authors: Subašić Senad , Piana Agostinetti Nicola , Bean Christopher J.
Published: June 2020

We use a passive seismic high‐frequency receiver function method to image the shallow structure around a mine site. This is a relatively new application of a standard method for mapping major discontinuities in the crust and upper mantle at a scale small enough to be relevant in an exploration context. Data collected in a 21‐instrument array is inverted for isotropic velocity structure. The retrieved velocities in the south‐eastern part of the array match very well with available sonic log measurements in the top 800 m. Based on the differences in receiver function behaviour for stations across the array, recovered velocity profiles and their similarity to sonic log measurements, the target area is split into two separate regions along a north‐northeast trending line that correlates well to the strike of the dominant structure in the area – the Navan Fault. Our results demonstrate the ability of receiver functions to provide both qualitative and quantitative information in an exploration environment.
Modelling the Distributional Impact of the COVID‐19 Crisis*
Authors: O'Donoghue Cathal , Sologon Denisa M. , Kyzyma Iryna , McHale John
Published: June 2020

The COVID‐19 emergency has had a dramatic impact on market incomes and income‐support policies. The lack of timely available data constrains the estimation of the scale and direction of recent changes in the income distribution, which in turn constrains policymakers seeking to monitor such developments. We overcome the lack of data by proposing a dynamic calibrated microsimulation approach to generate counterfactual income distributions as a function of more timely external data than are available in dated income surveys. We combine nowcasting methods using publicly available data and a household income generation model to perform the first calibrated simulation based upon actual data, aiming to assess the distributional implications of the COVID‐19 crisis in Ireland. Overall, we find that the crisis had an equalizing real‐time effect for both gross and disposable incomes, notwithstanding the significant hardship experienced by many households.
Views of Medical Examiners and Psychiatrists on the Compatibility of the Mental State with Detention in Police Custody in Marseille University Hospital
Authors: Houcinat Mouna , Arcani Robin , Jouve Elisabeth , Poinso François , Piercecchi Marie‐Dominique , Guivarch Jokthan
Published: June 2020

Police custody is detention in response to a suspicion of crime. A person in custody has the right to be examined by a physician, who is responsible for determining whether the person’s medical condition allows him/her to continue to be held in detention. However, there is no consensus on the definition of compatibility of the mental state with custody. Our objective was to determine the relevant criteria for compatibility and incompatibility of the mental state with detention in police custody according to medical examiners and psychiatrists. A descriptive study using a semi‐structured questionnaire was conducted from November 2016 to May 2017 with medical examiners and psychiatrists who examined detainees in police custody in Marseille. We recruited 17 medical examiners and 43 psychiatrists. We identified three sets of criteria used to determine a mental state compatible with custody: care, pathology/disorder, and the context of police custody. The primary determinant of incompatibility was a need for immediate hospitalization, followed by a high suicide risk, psychiatric dangerousness, delusional symptomatology, an inability to understand questions, and an inability for the detainee to defend him‐/herself. The psychiatrists and medical examiners differed significantly in their views of suicide risk, delusional symptomatology, and psychiatric diagnosis. Our work has permitted identification of the main determinants of incompatibility of the mental state with custody according to psychiatrists and medical examiners in Marseille. It offers preliminary results to reach a consensus and provide an inventory for physicians to use regarding police custody.
Sustained maternal antibody and cellular immune responses in pregnant women infected with Zika virus and mother to infant transfer of Zika‐specific antibodies
Authors: Collier Ai‐ris Y. , Borducchi Erica N. , Chandrashekar Abishek , Moseley Edward , Peter Lauren , Teodoro Nicholas S. , Nkolola Joseph , Abbink Peter , Barouch Dan H.
Published: June 2020

Problem

Evaluation of Zika virus (ZIKV)‐specific humoral and cellular immune response in pregnant women exposed to ZIKV.

Method of Study

In this observational, prospective cohort study, we recruited pregnant women presenting for prenatal ultrasound for ZIKV exposure at a single academic teaching hospital in Boston, MA from November 2016 to December 2018. We collected blood, urine, and cervicovaginal swabs antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum; and cord blood and placenta at delivery. We used experimental assays to calculate quantitative viral loads, ZIKV‐specific immunoglobulin titers, and ZIKV‐specific T‐cell responses.

Results

We enrolled 22 participants, three of which had serologic‐confirmed ZIKV infection. No participants demonstrated sustained ZIKV shedding. ZIKV‐specific IgG/IgM antibody was sustained throughout pregnancy and postpartum. ZIKV envelope and capsid‐specific T‐cell responses were also observed, albeit inconsistent. No newborns in this cohort had congenital Zika syndrome. Infant cord blood of infected mothers exhibited ZIKV‐specific IgG, but not IgM antibodies.

Conclusion

We detected a robust, prolonged maternal humoral immune response to ZIKV during pregnancy and postpartum. We also demonstrated evidence for efficient transplacental antibody transfer from mother to infant at birth, supporting the importance of neonatal passive immunity to ZIKV. Maternal T‐cell responses were less consistent among pregnant women infected with ZIKV.
Partisan Gaps in Political Information and Information‐Seeking Behavior: Motivated Reasoning or Cheerleading?
Authors: Peterson Erik , Iyengar Shanto
Published: June 2020

Do partisan disagreements over politically relevant facts, and preferences for the information sources from which to obtain them, represent genuine differences of opinion or insincere cheerleading? The answer to this question is crucial for understanding the scope of partisan polarization. We test between these alternatives with experiments that offer incentives for correct survey responses and allow respondents to search for information before answering each question. We find that partisan cheerleading inflates divides in factual information, but only modestly. Incentives have no impact on partisan divides in information search; these divides are no different from those that occur outside the survey context when we examine web‐browsing data from the same respondents. Overall, our findings support the motivated reasoning interpretation of misinformation; partisans seek out information with congenial slant and sincerely adopt inaccurate beliefs that cast their party in a favorable light.
Anatomic characteristics of epididymis based on histology, proteomic, and 3D reconstruction
Authors: Zhao Jun , Zhai Xiaoqiang , Ma Yubo , Zhang Tongdian , Wang Ziming , Chong Tie
Published: June 2020

Background

The epididymis is a popular research topic in urology and reproduction.

Objectives

To explore and identify the anatomical characteristics of the epididymis based on histology, proteomics, and 3D reconstruction of epididymal tubules.

Materials and methods

A 3D reconstruction of epididymal tubules was generated based on 7‐μm‐thick transverse serial sections of an epididymis. The proteins in the subcompartments of the epididymis were obtained and analyzed by non‐labeled sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra mass spectrometry (SWATH MS). Protein function, signaling pathways, protein expression, and the histology in different subcompartments were analyzed.

Results

The caput (Cap), corpus (Cor), and cauda (Cau) of the epididymis were divided into 6, 10, and 4 subcompartments, respectively, and the subcompartment between the Cap and Cor is mixed together. A total of 3411 proteins were identified, and 854 proteins were accurately quantified after screening. When the subcompartment Cap 5 transitioned to Cap 6 and Cap 6 to Cap 7, 87 and 52 proteins were upregulated and 14 and 7 proteins were downregulated, respectively. The Cor 9 transition to Cau 1 was marked by 230 proteins that were downregulated, while 74 proteins were upregulated. At the junction of the cauda and the vas deferens, 57 proteins were downregulated, and 410 proteins were upregulated. Cap 6 histology was consistent with that of Cor 1.

Discussion and conclusion

The epididymis contains distinct connective tissue septa that can be identified under a surgical tabletop microscope, enabling it to be divided into 20 subcompartments.
The contagion of mortality: A terror management health model for pandemics
Authors: Courtney Emily P. , Goldenberg Jamie L. , Boyd Patrick
Published: June 2020

The novel coronavirus, COVID‐19, proliferates as a contagious psychological threat just like the physical disease itself. Due to the growing death toll and constant coverage this pandemic gets, it is likely to activate mortality awareness, to greater or lesser extents, depending on a variety of situational factors. Using terror management theory and the terror management health model, we outline reactions to the pandemic that consist of proximal defences aimed at reducing perceived vulnerability to (as well as denial of) the threat, and distal defences bound by ideological frameworks from which symbolic meaning can be derived. We provide predictions and recommendations for shifting reactions to this pandemic towards behaviours that decrease, rather than increase, the spread of the virus. We conclude by considering the benefits of shifting towards collective mindsets to more effectively combat COVID‐19 and to better prepare for the next inevitable pandemic.
The cost‐effectiveness of transurethral resection of the prostate vs thulium laser transurethral vaporesection of the prostate in the UNBLOCS randomised controlled trial for benign prostatic obstruction
Authors: Noble Sian M. , Ahern Aideen M. , Worthington Jo , Hashim Hashim , Taylor Hilary , Young Grace J. , Brookes Sara , Abrams Paul , Johnson Lyndsey , Khan Rafiyah , Page Toby , Swami Kuchibhotla Satchi , Lane Janet Athene
Published: June 2020

Objective

To determine the cost‐effectiveness of the current ‘gold standard’ operation of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) compared to the new laser technique of thulium laser transurethral vaporesection of the prostate (ThuVARP) in men with benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) within the UK National Health Service (NHS).

Patients and Methods

The trial was conducted across seven UK centres (four university teaching hospitals and three district general hospitals). A total of 410 men aged ≥18 years presenting with either bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) or urinary retention secondary to BPO, and suitable for surgery, were randomised (whilst under anaesthetic) 1:1 to receive the TURP or ThuVARP procedure. Resource use in relation to the operation, initial inpatient stay, and subsequent use of NHS services was collected for 12 months from randomisation (equivalent to primary effectiveness outcome) using hospital records and patient questionnaires. Resources were valued using UK reference costs. Quality adjusted life years (QALYs) were calculated from the EuroQoL five Dimensions five Levels (EQ‐5D‐5L) questionnaire completed at baseline, 3‐ and 12‐months. Total adjusted mean costs, QALYs and incremental Net Monetary Benefit statistics were calculated: cost‐effectiveness acceptability curves and sensitivity analyses addressed uncertainty.

Results

The total adjusted mean secondary care cost over the 12 months in the TURP arm (£4244) was £9 (95% CI –£376, £359) lower than the ThuVARP arm (£4253). The ThuVARP operation took on average 21 min longer than TURP. The adjusted mean difference of QALYs (0.01 favouring TURP, 95% CI −0.01, 0.04) was similar between the arms. There is a 76% probability that TURP is the cost‐effective option compared with ThuVARP at the £20 000 per QALY willingness to pay threshold used by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE).

Conclusion

One of the anticipated benefits of the laser surgery, reduced length of hospital stay with an associated reduction in cost, did not materialise within the study. The longer duration of the ThuVARP procedure is important to consider, both from a patient perspective in terms of increased time under anaesthetic, and from a service delivery perspective. TURP remains a highly cost‐effective treatment for men with BPO.
Rheumatoid arthritis synovial microenvironment induces metabolic and functional adaptations in dendritic cells
Authors: Canavan M , Marzaioli V , McGarry T , Bhargava V , Nagpal S , Veale D J , Fearon U
Published: June 2020

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease which causes degradation of cartilage and bone. It is well appreciated that the pathogenic hallmark of RA is the mass influx of inflammatory cells into the joint. However, the role that dendritic cells (DC) may play in this inflammatory milieu is still relatively unexplored. Moreover, the contribution this unique synovial microenvironment has on DC maturation is still unknown. Using monocyte-derived DC (MoDC), we established an in-vitro model to recapitulate the synovial microenvironment to explore DC maturation. MoDC treated with conditioned media from ex-vivo synovial tissue biopsy cultures [explant-conditioned media (ECM)] have increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules. ECM DC have increased expression of CD83 and CC-chemokine receptor (CCR)7 and decreased expression of CCR5 and phagocytic capacity, suggestive of heightened DC maturation. ECM-induced maturation is concomitant with altered cellular bioenergetics, whereby increased expression of glycolytic genes and increased glucose uptake are observed in ECM DC. Collectively, this results in a metabolic shift in DC metabolism in favour of glycolysis. These adaptations are in-part mediated via signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3), as demonstrated by decreased expression of proinflammatory cytokines and glycolytic genes in ECM DC in response to STAT-3 inhibition. Finally, to translate these data to a more in-vivo clinically relevant setting, RNA-seq was performed on RA synovial fluid and peripheral blood. We identified enhanced expression of a number of glycolytic genes in synovial CD1c+ DC compared to CD1c+ DC in circulation. Collectively, our data suggest that the synovial microenvironment in RA contributes to DC maturation and metabolic reprogramming.
Empathy amongst dental students: An institutional cross‐sectional survey in Poland and Croatia
Authors: Brekalo Prso Ivana , Mocny‐Pachońska Katarzyna , Trzcionka Agata , Pezelj‐Ribaric Sonja , Paljevic Ema , Tanasiewicz Marta , Persic Bukmir Romana
Published: June 2020

Aim

To determine and compare levels of empathy and its dimensions in Polish and Croatian dental students.

Methods

Fourth‐ and fifth‐year dental students (N = 193) at the University of Rijeka and University of Silesia completed questionnaires to determine levels of overall empathy and its dimensions: compassionate care (CC), perspective taking (PT) and ability to stand in someone else's shoes (ASSES). Total empathy and its dimensions were analysed depending on the country of origin, year of study and gender of the participants. The HPS version of the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy was used to conduct the research. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann‐Whitney U test.

Results

The analysis showed no significant differences in total empathy level between Polish and Croatian students (P = .838). However, separate analysis of empathy items showed significant differences between the two groups. Croatian students obtained significantly higher average PT values (P = .021), whilst Polish students had significantly higher CC scores (P < .001). Analysis of Croatian respondents revealed significantly higher ASSES scores in the fourth‐ and fifth‐year students (P = .047). Analysis in the Polish group demonstrated an increase in PT scores from the fourth to the fifth year of study (P = .008).

Conclusion

Croatian students scored higher on items associated with cognitive empathy, whilst Polish students displayed higher values in the aspect of emotional empathy. The present results demonstrated an increase in cognitive empathy level in Polish students, whilst in their Croatian colleagues, the level of cognitive empathy decreased with the progression of the academic programme.
Adult‐onset very‐long‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCADD)
Authors: Fatehi F. , Okhovat A. A. , Nilipour Y. , Mroczek M. , Straub V. , Töpf A. , Palibrk A. , Peric S. , Rakocevic Stojanovic V. , Najmabadi H. , Nafissi S.
Published: June 2020

Background and purpose

Very‐long‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCADD) is a hereditary disorder of mitochondrial long‐chain fatty acid oxidation that has variable presentations, including exercise intolerance, cardiomyopathy and liver disease. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and genetic manifestations of six patients with adult‐onset VLCADD.

Methods

In this study, the clinical, pathological and genetic findings of six adult patients (four from Iran and two from Serbia) with VLCADD and their response to treatment are described.

Results

The median (range) age of patients at first visit was 31 (27–38) years, and the median (range) age of onset was 26.5 (19–33) years. Parental consanguinity was present for four patients. Four patients had a history of rhabdomyolysis, and the recorded CK level ranged between 67 and 90 000 IU/l. Three patients had a history of exertional myalgia, and one patient had a non‐fluctuating weakness. Through next‐generation sequencing analysis, we identified six cases with variants in the ACADVL gene and a confirmed diagnosis of VLCADD. Of the total six variants identified, five were missense, and one was a novel frameshift mutation identified in two unrelated individuals. Two variants were novel, and three were previously reported. We treated the patients with a combination of L‐carnitine, Coenzyme Q10 and riboflavin. Three patients responded favorably to the treatment.

Conclusion

Adult‐onset VLCADD is a rare entity with various presentations. Patients may respond favorably to a cocktail of L‐carnitine, Coenzyme Q10, and riboflavin.
Predicting outcomes after acute reperfusion therapy for basilar artery occlusion
Authors: Jadhav A. P. , Desai S. M. , Panczykowski D. M. , Rangaraju S. , Campbell D. , Ritvonen J. K. , Schreiner M. , Silvennoinen H. , Gerber J. , Puetz V. , Raza S. A. , Haussen D. C. , Nogueira R. G. , Strbian D. , Jovin T. G. , Lindsberg P. J.
Published: June 2020

Background and purpose

Basilar artery occlusion (BAO) leads to high rates of morbidity and mortality, despite successful recanalization. The discordance between flow restoration and long‐term functional status clouds clinical decision‐making regarding further aggressive care. We sought to develop and validate a practical, prognostic tool for the prediction of 3‐month favorable outcome after acute reperfusion therapy for BAO.

Methods

This retrospective, multicenter, observational study was conducted at four high‐volume stroke centers in the USA and Europe. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of favorable outcome (90‐day modified Rankin scale scores 0–2) and derive a clinically applicable prognostic model (the Pittsburgh Outcomes after Stroke Thrombectomy‐Vertebrobasilar (POST‐VB) score). The POST‐VB score was evaluated and internally validated with regard to calibration and discriminatory ability. External validity was assessed in patient cohorts at three separate centers.

Results

In the derivation cohort of 59 patients, independent predictors of favorable outcome included smaller brainstem infarct volume on post‐procedure magnetic resonance imaging (P < 0.01) and younger age (P = 0.01). POST‐VB score was calculated as: age + (10 × brainstem infarct volume). POST‐VB score demonstrated excellent discriminatory ability [area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.91] and adequate calibration (P = 0.88) in the derivation cohort (Center A). It performed equally well across the three external validation cohorts (Center B, AUC = 0.89; Center C, AUC = 0.78; Center D, AUC = 0.80). Overall, a POST‐VB score < 49 was associated with an 88% likelihood of favorable outcome, as compared to 4% with a score ≥ 125.

Conclusions

The POST‐VB score effectively predicts 3‐month functional outcome following acute reperfusion therapy for BAO and may aid in guiding post‐procedural care.
The UK Veterinary Immunological Toolbox Website: promoting vaccine research by facilitating communication and removing reagent barriers
Authors: Mwangi William , Maccari Giuseppe , Hope Jayne C. , Entrican Gary , Hammond John A.
Published: June 2020

Using the best animal models to study immune responses against specific pathogens or vaccines can dramatically accelerate our understanding. Veterinary species are well studied, particularly livestock, to reduce their disease burden. They have also proven to be powerful models, especially for zoonotic pathogens and novel vaccination strategies. A prerequisite for any model selection is having the right quality and range of species‐specific immunological reagents. To help promote the widest possible use of veterinary species, an open access website (https://www.immunologicaltoolbox.co.uk) has been created as a central community annotated hub for veterinary immunological reagents. The website is also the portal into services offered by the UK Immunological Toolbox project that includes antibody generation, sequencing and recombinant expression. The funding for this effort is linked into sustainable sources, but ultimate success relies on community engagement to continually increase the quality and quantity of information. It is hoped that as more users and reagent owners engage, it will become an essential resource for researchers, veterinarians and clinicians alike by removing barriers that prevent the use of the most informative animal models.
‘Core Subjects’ Policy and Arts Education for the Rich
Authors: Barchana‐Lorand Dorit
Published: June 2020

What happens to art education when the national school curriculum in Israel follows a ‘core subjects’ policy? Allocating only two hours for all five art subjects (visual arts, music, drama, dance and cinematic arts) that remain outside the core curriculum increases the social‐economic gap between children whose parents can fund their art education privately and children whose parents cannot afford this. This also has worrying consequences for art teachers (most of them women) deprived of job security.
The contribution of the systolic and diastolic components for the diagnosis of arterial hypertension under the 2017 ACC/AHA Guideline and metabolic heterogeneity among individuals with Stage 1 hypertension
Authors: Cesena Fernando H. Y. , Nary Fernando C. , Santos Raul D. , Bittencourt Marcio S.
Published: June 2020

Little is known about the impact of the 2017 ACC/AHA hypertension guideline on the distribution pattern of hypertension modalities (isolated systolic hypertension [ISH], isolated diastolic hypertension [IDH], and systolic‐diastolic hypertension [SDH]). This cross‐sectional study had the following objectives: to compare the prevalence of hypertension, ISH, IDH, and SDH, according to the definitions of the JNC 7 or the 2017 guideline; to determine the relative contribution of the systolic and the diastolic components for the diagnosis of hypertension; and to compare the metabolic profile of ISH, IDH, or SDH among new hypertensive individuals by the 2017 guideline. The authors retrospectively evaluated 33 594 patients (42 ± 10 years, 67% male) who underwent a routine health evaluation. Hypertensive patients not using antihypertensive medication were classified into ISH, IDH, or SDH using guideline‐defined thresholds. The prevalence of hypertension increased from 21.1% by the JNC 7 definition to 54.7% using the 2017 criteria (2.6‐fold increase). More profound increases were seen in the prevalence of IDH (8.7‐fold) and SDH (3.3‐fold), whereas the prevalence of ISH reduced from 1.1% (JNC 7) to 0.5% (2017 definition). Among patients with Stage 1 hypertension by the 2017 document, 85% had IDH and fewer metabolic abnormalities compared to those with SDH or ISH. The authors concluded that the 2017 guideline inflates the role of the diastolic component and diminishes the contribution of the systolic component for the diagnosis of hypertension. Individuals with Stage 1 hypertension by the 2017 guideline are metabolically heterogeneous and may have different long‐term prognoses.
Tubulosine selectively inhibits JAK3 signalling by binding to the ATP‐binding site of the kinase of JAK3
Authors: Kim Byung‐Hak , Yi Eun Hee , Jee Jun‐Goo , Jeong Ae Jin , Sandoval Claudio , Park In‐Chul , Baeg Gyeong Hun , Ye Sang‐Kyu
Published: June 2020

Gain‐ or loss‐of‐function mutations in Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) contribute to the pathogenesis of various haematopoietic malignancies and immune disorders, suggesting that aberrant JAK3 signalling is an attractive therapeutic target to treat these disorders. In this study, we performed structure‐based computational database screening using the 3D structure of the JAK3 kinase domain and the National Cancer Institute diversity set and identified tubulosine as a novel JAK3 inhibitor. Tubulosine directly blocked the catalytic activity of JAK3 by selective interacting with the JAK3 kinase domain. Consistently, tubulosine potently inhibited persistently activated and interleukin‐2‐dependent JAK3, and JAK3‐mediated downstream targets. Importantly, it did not affect the activity of other JAK family members, particularly prolactin‐induced JAK2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 and interferon alpha‐induced JAK1‐TYK2/STAT1. Tubulosine specifically decreased survival and proliferation of cancer cells, in which persistently active JAK3 is expressed, by inducing apoptotic and necrotic/autophagic cell death without affecting other oncogenic signalling. Collectively, tubulosine is a potential small‐molecule compound that selectively inhibits JAK3 activity, suggesting that it may serve as a promising therapeutic candidate for treating disorders caused by aberrant activation of JAK3 signalling.
Perceived dietary salt intake and the risk of primary liver cancer: a population‐based prospective study
Authors: Sun M. , Cui H. , Liang M. , Wang W. , Wang Y. , Liu X. , Liu S. , Cao L.
Published: June 2020

Background

Although a high‐salt diet is associated with high risk of chronic diseases such as hypertension, stroke and cardiovascular disease, little is known about the relationship between a high‐salt diet and the risk of primary liver cancer (PLC). Consequently, we prospectively assessed the association of high perceived salt intake with the risk of PLC in the Kailuan Study.

Methods

In total, 97 006 participants who were healthy adults or free living adults at the baseline (2006) were included in the present study. The data of perceived salt intake were collected via questionnaire and classified into three categories: <6 g day−1 for low salt intake, 6–10 g day−1 for intermediate salt intake, >10 g day−1 for high‐salt intake. PLC including hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (excluding liver metastasis), and was confirmed by review of medical records. We used a Cox proportional hazards model to analyse the association between high perceived salt diet and the risk of PLC after adjusting for possible confounders, including age, gender, body mass index, high sensitivity‐C‐reactive protein, low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase, HbsAg positive, cirrhosis, fatty liver, hypertension, diabetes, drinking status, smoking status and physical exercise.

Results

During the follow‐up period of 1 113 816 person‐years, 397 PLC events were diagnosed. After adjusting for most potential confounders, subjects in intermediate salt intake and high salt intake had a multivariable hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval of 1.49 (0.97–2.29) and 1.98 (1.22–3.22) (P for trend = 0.0042), respectively, compared to low salt intake.

Conclusions

A higher perceived salt intake was associated with a higher risk of PLC.
Association between viral hepatitis infection and Parkinson's disease: A population‐based prospective study
Authors: Choi Hwa‐Young , Mai Thi Ha , Kim Kyung‐Ah , Cho Hyunsoon , Ki Moran
Published: June 2020

The association between hepatitis virus infection and Parkinson's disease remains controversial. To determine whether hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease in Korean aged ≥40 years, we completed a population‐based prospective study including patients without infections and those with HBV, HCV and HBV/HCV infections from 2005 to 2015. We used the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision to identify Parkinson's disease (G20) and chronic hepatitis C virus (B18.2) and chronic hepatitis B virus infections (B18.0 or B18.1). To identify Parkinson's disease risk, competing risk analysis adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities and death was performed. Overall, 1 010 317 patients (358 052, noninfection; 488 990, hepatitis B; 144 459 hepatitis C; and 18 680 hepatitis B/C) were included. The incidence density of Parkinson's disease per 10 000 person‐years was highest in the hepatitis C group (8.0), followed by the hepatitis B/C (6.8) and hepatitis B (5.0) groups. Hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, epilepsy, stroke and depressive disorder increased the hazard of Parkinson's disease in all groups. The adjusted hazard ratios were 1.25 (95% confidence interval: 1.17‐1.35), 1.39 (95% confidence interval: 1.27‐1.52) and 1.46 (95% confidence interval: 1.14‐1.85) in the HBV, HCV, and HBV/HCV groups, respectively. Our findings suggest that adult patient of 40 years and older with HBV and HCV infections should be monitored for signs of Parkinson's disease so that early intervention and accurate treatment can be provided for minimizing the development and consequences of Parkinson's disease.
Who cares about the stream of consciousness? On Dorothy Richardson's Pilgrimage
Authors: Guy Adam
Published: June 2020

This article brings the concept of care into the discussion of the literary representation of the stream of consciousness in Dorothy Richardson's thirteen‐volume novel sequence Pilgrimage. I begin by looking at recent theorizations of care by Joan C. Tronto and Berenice Fisher, by Maria Puig de la Bellacasa, and by Sandra Laugier. I show confluences between this work and May Sinclair's famous essay on Richardson—in which the term “stream of consciousness” was first applied to a literary text. I then explore three interrelated forms of care that are central to Richardson's work. Subsequently, I isolate a particular strand in Pilgrimage in which Richardson's protagonist, Miriam Henderson, consistently conceives of her own consciousness in terms of care. I reflect in conclusion on the broader ramifications that care might have for considerations of the stream of consciousness in relation to the modernist novel.
A ‘healthy’ health care workforce: Insights into satisfaction and retention of doctors
Authors: Mok Claire , Boneham William , Lennon Matthew J.
Published: June 2020

Concerned that health systems are selling out their future by focusing on current needs, the authors examine how "healthy" systems enable satisfaction with work and, in turn, retention of our workforce.
Andrew Shanks, German Idealism, and the Speculative Redemption of Theodicy
Authors: O’Regan Cyril
Published: June 2020

In this review essay I discuss and critically evaluate the neo‐Hegelian theologian Andrew Shanks’ Theodicy Beyond the Death of ‘God’ with regard to its central argument of the theological adequacy of the composite theodicy funded by Hegel, Jacob Boehme (1575‐1624) and F. W. J. Schelling and also its highly individual theological style. While I commend Shanks’ impulses to enlarge the Hegelian discourse by speculative discourses that are more mythopoetic, especially given Shanks’ long‐standing interest in the critical and constructive power of poetry, I consider it to be an open question not only as to whether Shanks has sustained his case for the theological adequacy of the composite theodicy, but whether this composite speculative matrix has the capacity to enlist the prophetic discourses of both the Bible and modern poetry that Shanks thinks it has. In addition, while Shanks’ theological style is a unique blend of disciplined analysis with a more hortatory rhetoric, as rendered in this his latest book, the generally polemical tone and the tendency to dismissive judgments not only regarding particular philosophers and theologians, but also particular forms of historical Christianity such as Roman Catholicism, compromise – if not entirely invalidate – its repeated message of inclusion.
Root‐knot nematode genetic diversity associated with host compatibility to sweetpotato cultivars
Authors: Asamizu Erika , Shirasawa Kenta , Hirakawa Hideki , Iwahori Hideaki
Published: June 2020

Plant parasitic root‐knot nematodes (RKN) such as Meloidogyne incognita cause significant crop losses worldwide. Although RKN are polyphagous, with wide host ranges, races with differing host compatibilities have evolved. Associations between genotype and infection phenotype in M. incognita have not yet been discovered. In this study, 48 M. incognita isolates were collected from geographically diverse fields in Japan and their genomes sequenced. The isolates exhibited various infection compatibilities to five sweetpotato (SP) cultivars and were assigned to SP races. Genome‐wide association analysis identified 743 SNPs affecting gene coding sequences, a large number of which (575) were located on a single 1 Mb region. To examine how this polymorphic region evolved, nucleotide diversity (Pi) was scanned at the whole genome scale. The SNP‐rich 1 Mb region exhibited high Pi values and was clearly associated with the SP races. SP1 and 2 races showed high Pi values in this region whereas the Pi values of SP3, 4, and 6 were low. Principal component analysis of isolates from this study and globally collected isolates showed selective divergence in this 1 Mb region. Our results suggest for the first time that the host could be a key determining factor stimulating the genomic divergence of M. incognita.
Monetary Sovereignty: Nature, Implementation, and Implications
Authors: Tymoigne Eric
Published: June 2020

Monetary sovereignty is a central concept of Modern Money Theory (MMT). The paper explores the characteristics of monetary sovereignty, the means used to implement it, and some of its theoretical and policy implications. Herein, it is shown that monetary sovereignty involves a high degree of coordination between the central bank and the national treasury. The paper also argues that monetary sovereignty is not special to the United States, does not require direct monetary financing of the treasury, does not tell us anything about the optimal size of the fiscal balance, and is not dependent on the willingness of foreigners to hold the domestic currency.
Why Do Citizens Vote Against Their Basic Political Values?
Authors: Lauener Lukas
Published: June 2020

The literature on correct and consistent voting has focused on issue‐opinions and argument‐positions when examining whether vote decisions correspond to individual political preferences. However, the question whether vote decisions align with basic political values has largely been neglected so far. This paper introduces a novel measure named value consistent voting. It finds that, in Switzerland, around 25% jettison their basic political values when deciding on proposals. Using multilevel regression analysis of survey data, this paper investigates the determinants of value consistent voting. Three theoretical approaches are tested; the sophistication, identification and ambivalence hypotheses. The results show that political sophistication and identification foster value consistent voting. Moreover, there is an interaction between education and adhering to the preferred party’s vote recommendation. This finding supports the thesis that highly educated citizens use heuristics most efficiently. However, the more ambivalent people are, the more often they vote against their basic political values.
In Vivo Characterization of the Swine Airway Morphometry and Motion Based on Computed Tomographic Imaging During Respiration
Authors: Castro Meryll Grace B. , Varble Nicole A. , Yung Rex C. , Wood Bradford J. , Karanian John W. , Pritchard William F.
Published: June 2020

Swine are a commonly used model in translational pulmonary research. However, in vivo airway morphometry during respiration has not been studied in extensive detail using modern imaging tools. Chest computed tomographic was performed in swine (n = 3) at multiple stages of respiration. Morphometric parameters of each airway segment at end-expiration and end-inspiration were compared as well as among matched anatomical regions (proximal and distal; ventral, lateral, and dorsal). Analysis included segment diameter, length, ellipticity, and the bifurcation angle between daughter branches. Deformation of the airway during respiration was qualitatively visualized using a point-to-point deformation map. Comparison of airway generation showed airway diameter and length were larger at end-inspiration in the fourth and seventh generations compared to end-expiration. Bifurcation angle was larger at end-inspiration compared to end-expiration. Analysis by anatomical region showed that length and bifurcation angle were larger at inspiration in the distal airway regions only. Regardless of respiratory phase, the lateral regions had larger diameters and lengths compared to the ventral and dorsal regions at similar generations and proximal regions had larger bifurcation angles. The findings that morphological changes were more prevalent in distal airways during respiration was confirmed by analysis of a deformation map. Compared to human airway models, the relative diameter may be smaller and length may be greater in swine in similar airway generations. This morphometric description of the swine airways during respiration may guide conduct of preclinical translational studies, revealing advantages and limitations of swine models for specific evaluations. Such morphometric parameters may directly determine the suitability of the swine model for the study of lung interventions, in terms of recapitulation of human morphometry dynamics.
Motion tracking of 80-nm-size skyrmions upon directional current injections
Authors: Yu X. Z. , Morikawa D. , Nakajima K. , Shibata K. , Kanazawa N. , Arima T. , Nagaosa N. , Tokura Y.
Published: June 2020

Drift, Hall, and torque motions of single 80-nm skyrmions and clusters tracked with directional current at low current density.
Chemokine receptor CXCR3 is required for lethal brain pathology but not pathogen clearance during cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Authors: Xu Jintao , Neal Lori M. , Ganguly Anutosh , Kolbe Jessica L. , Hargarten Jessica C. , Elsegeiny Waleed , Hollingsworth Christopher , He Xiumiao , Ivey Mike , Lopez Rafael , Zhao Jessica , Segal Benjamin , Williamson Peter R. , Olszewski Michal A.
Published: June 2020

CXCR3 axis promotes lethal CNS pathology but is a dispensable fungal control in cryptococcal meningoencephalitis.
An orthogonally regulatable DNA nanodevice for spatiotemporally controlled biorecognition and tumor treatment
Authors: Di Zhenghan , Liu Bei , Zhao Jian , Gu Zhanjun , Zhao Yuliang , Li Lele
Published: June 2020

Orthogonal near-infrared light–controlled DNA nanodevices allow for biorecognition and treatment at right time and place.
Unexpected air pollution with marked emission reductions during the COVID-19 outbreak in China
Authors: Le Tianhao , Wang Yuan , Liu Lang , Yang Jiani , Yung Yuk L. , Li Guohui , Seinfeld John H.
Published: June 2020

Air pollution epidemic

The lockdown enforced in most cities in China in response to the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) resulted in the virtual absence of motor vehicle traffic and sharply reduced manufacturing activity for several weeks. Le
et al.
report some of the anticipated and unanticipated effects that this had on air pollution there, including unexpectedly high levels of particulate matter abundances and severe haze formation in some areas. This natural experiment will help in the assessment of air pollution mitigation strategies.

Science
, this issue p.
702
Activity of Cefiderocol Alone and in Combination with Levofloxacin, Minocycline, Polymyxin B, or Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole against Multidrug-Resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Authors: Biagi M. , Vialichka A. , Jurkovic M. , Wu T. , Shajee A. , Lee M. , Patel S. , Mendes R. E. , Wenzler E.
Published: June 2020

The production of an L1 metallo-β-lactamase and an L2 serine active-site β-lactamase precludes the use of β-lactams for the treatment of
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
infections. Preclinical data suggest that cefiderocol is the first approved β-lactam with reliable activity against
S. maltophilia
, but data on strains resistant to current first-line agents are limited, and no studies have assessed cefiderocol-based combinations. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the
in vitro
activity of cefiderocol alone and in combination with levofloxacin, minocycline, polymyxin B, or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) against a collection of highly resistant clinical
S. maltophilia
isolates.
Risk Factors Associated with Antibiotic Treatment Failure of Buruli Ulcer
Authors: O’Brien Daniel P. , Friedman N. Deborah , Walton Aaron , Hughes Andrew , Athan Eugene
Published: June 2020

Combination antibiotic therapy is highly effective in curing Buruli ulcer (BU) caused by
Mycobacterium ulcerans
. Treatment failures have been uncommonly reported with the recommended 56 days of antibiotics, and little is known about risk factors for treatment failure. We analyzed treatment failures among BU patients treated with ≥56 days of antibiotics from a prospective observational cohort at Barwon Health, Victoria, from 1 January 1998 to 31 December 2018.
StreptomycesEndophytes Promote Host Health and Enhance Growth across Plant Species
Authors: Worsley Sarah F. , Newitt Jake , Rassbach Johannes , Batey Sibyl F. D. , Holmes Neil A. , Murrell J. Colin , Wilkinson Barrie , Hutchings Matthew I.
Published: June 2020

We must reduce reliance on agrochemicals, and there is increasing interest in using bacterial strains to promote plant growth and protect against disease. Our study follows up reports thatArabidopsis thalianaspecifically recruitsStreptomycesbacteria to its roots. We test the hypotheses that they offer benefits to theirA. thalianahosts and that strains isolated from these plants might be used as probiotics. We isolatedStreptomycesstrains fromA. thalianaroots and genome sequenced five phylogenetically distinct strains. Genome mining and bioassays indicated that all five have plant growth-promoting properties, including production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), siderophores, and aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase. Three strains significantly increasedA. thalianagrowthin vitroand in combination in soil. Another produces potent filipin-like antifungals and protected germinating wheat seeds against the fungal pathogenGaeumannomyces graminisvar.tritici(wheat take-all fungus). We conclude that introducingStreptomycesstrains into the root microbiome provides significant benefits to plants.
Complete Genome Sequence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Strain CPBW01, Isolated from the Wings of the Colorado Potato Beetle in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Kang Wei-Nan , Fu Kai-Yun , Guo Wen-Chao , Li Guo-Qing
Published: June 2020

Bacteria of the genus
Stenotrophomonas
are opportunistic and have been documented in the guts of several insect species. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of
S. maltophilia
strain CPBW01, isolated from the wings of the Colorado potato beetle,
Leptinotarsa decemlineata
, collected from potato fields in Urumqi (43.71N, 87.39E), Xinjiang, China.
Complete Genome Sequence and Annotation for Turicibacter sanguinis MOL361
T
(DSM 14220)
Authors: Maki Joel J. , Nielsen Daniel W. , Looft Torey
Published: June 2020

Turicibacter sanguinis
MOL361 (DSM 14220) is the reference and type strain for the
Turicibacter
genus, commonly found in the intestinal tract of animal species. Long-read sequencing was performed on this strain to complement publicly available Illumina HiSeq-based data, producing a complete annotated genome sequence.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Pepper Yellow Leaf Curl Indonesia Virus Isolated from Tomato in Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Neriya Yutaro , Izumi Runa , Wilisiani Fariha , Hartono Sedyo , Wirya G. N. Alit Susanta , Nishigawa Hisashi , Natsuaki Tomohide
Published: June 2020

We report a complete genome sequence of a pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus (PepYLCIV) isolated in Bali, Indonesia. This virus shares around 90% identity with other PepYLCIV DNA-As and 86% identity with DNA-Bs, suggesting that it is a novel isolate of PepYLCIV.
Supplemental Material: Rapid macrobenthic diversification and stabilization after the end-Cretaceous mass extinction event
Authors: Rodríguez-Tovar Francisco J , al. et
Published: June 2020

Method details for ichnological analysis and age calibration, Figures S1 and S2, and Table S1.
Supplemental Material: Internal versus external locations of the South China Craton within Rodinia during the Cryogenian: Provenance history of the Nanhua Basin
Authors: Zhu Guangyou , Liu Huichuan
Published: June 2020

Text S1: Abbreviations and reference sources of Figure 15; Figure S1: Paleogeographic environments of the western Nanhua Basin (after Jiang et al., 2011 and Bao et al., 2018); Figure S2: (A) Compiled Mesoproterozoic magmatic age data from both Yangtze Block and Hainan Island (Table S3); (B) late Mesoproterozoic Kunyang Group, southwest Yangtze Block (our unpublished data); (C) late Mesoproterozoic Liuceng Formation (sixth layer of the Shilu Group) in central Hainan Island (Yao et al., 2017); Table S1: Zircon U-Pb analytical results; Table S2: In-situ zircon Lu-Hf analytical results; Table S3: Sources for data compiled in Figure S1.
Erratum to: Progress in integrative systems biology, physiology and medicine: towards a scale-relative biology
Authors: Auffray Charles , Noble Denis , Nottale Laurent , Turner Philip
Published: June 2020

The original version of this article was revised due to a retrospective Open Access order.
Brane gravity in 4D from Chern–Simons gravity theory
Authors: Díaz R. , Gómez F. , Pinilla M. , Salgado P.
Published: June 2020

We evaluate a 5-dimensional Randall Sundrum type metric in the Lagrangian of the Einstein–Chern–Simons gravity, and then we derive an action and its corresponding field equations, for a 4-dimensional brane embedded in the 5-dimensional space-time of the theory, which in the limit $$l\rightarrow 0$$l→0 leads to the 4-dimensional general relativity with cosmological constant. An interpretation of the $$h^{a}$$ha matter field present in the Einstein–Chern–Simons gravity action is given. As an application, we find some Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker cosmological solutions that exhibit accelerated behavior.