bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal and Mechanical Variation Analysis on Multi-Layer Thin Wall during Continuous Laser Deposition, Continuous Pulsed Laser Deposition, and Interval Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Ma Liang , Kong Xiangwei , Liang Jingjing , Li Jinguo , Sun Cong , Jin Zhibo , Jiao Zhidong
Published: July 2022

Direct laser deposition (DLD) is widely used in precision manufacturing, but the process parameters (e.g., laser power, scanning patterns) easily lead to changes in dimensional accuracy and structural properties. Many methods have been proposed to analyze the principle of distortion and residual stress generation, but it is difficult to evaluate the involvement of temperature and stress in the process of rapid melting and solidification. In this paper, a three-dimensional finite element model is established based on thermal–mechanical relationships in multilayer DLD. Differences in temperature and residual stress between continuous laser deposition (CLD) and pulsed laser deposition (PLD) are compared with the numerical model. To validate the relationship, the temperature and residual stress values obtained by numerical simulation are compared with the values obtained by the HIOKI-LR8431 temperature logger and the Pulstec μ-X360s X-ray diffraction (XRD) instrument. The results indicate that the temperature and residual stress of the deposition part can be evaluated by the proposed simulation model. The proposed PLD process, which includes continuous pulsed laser deposition (CPLD) and interval pulsed laser deposition (IPLD), were found more effective to improve the homogeneity of temperature and residual stress than the CLD process. This study is expected to be useful in the distortion control and microstructure consistency of multilayer deposited parts.
Assessment of Surface Treatment Degree of Steel Sheets in the Bonding Process
Authors: Rudawska Anna , Miturska-Barańska Izabela , Doluk Elżbieta , Olewnik-Kruszkowska Ewa
Published: July 2022

The aim of the paper is to determine the influence of the surface treatment on the adhesive properties of steel sheet surfaces and the strength of the adhesive joints of steel sheets. The paper also aims to assess the degree of steel sheets’ surface treatment in the bonding process. Due to the many methods of surface treatment and types of materials, the assessment of the surface treatment method is extremely important in adhesive processes. Two variants of the surface treatment were used: without a paint coating and with a paint coating, divided into two groups (without degreasing and with degreasing). Additionally, in the case of the analysis of the steel samples without the paint coating, mechanical treatment was applied. Two-component epoxy adhesive, prepared on the basis of bisphenol A and a polyamide curing agent, was used to prepare the single-lap adhesive joints of the steel sheets. The tests determined: (i) the adhesive properties of the steel sheets’ surface based on the measurement of the contact angle of polar and apolar liquids (including wettability, work of adhesion, and surface free energy), (ii) surface roughness parameters (PN EN ISO 4287), and (iii) mechanical properties (load capacity and shear strength) of the steel sheets’ adhesive joints (EN DIN 1465). Contact angle measurements of the steel sheet surfaces showed that the polar liquid better reflects the obtained strength results of the analyzed adhesive joints than the apolar liquid. Furthermore, better wettability of the surface of steel sheets with both polar and apolar liquids was obtained for samples whose surface was subjected to degreasing. It can also be concluded that the wettability of the surface can be used as one of the indicators of the degree of the surface treatment for the bonding process.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties Analysis of Al/Cu Dissimilar Alloys Joining by Using Conventional and Bobbin Tool Friction Stir Welding
Authors: Fuse Kishan , Badheka Vishvesh , Oza Ankit D. , Prakash Chander , Buddhi Dharam , Dixit Saurav , Vatin N. I.
Published: July 2022

The feasibility of producing welding joints between 6061-T6 aluminum and pure copper sheets of 6 mm thickness by conventional friction stir welding (CFSW) and bobbin tool friction stir welding (BTFSW) by using a slot-groove configuration at the joining surface was investigated. The microstructure of the welded samples was examined by using an optical microscope and X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the weld samples are compared based on the results of the tensile test, hardness measurement, and fractography test. The slot-groove configuration resulted in the presence of a bulk-sized Al block on the Cu side. The microscopic observations revealed the dispersion of fine Cu particles in the stir zone. The presence of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) CuAl2, which are hard and brittle, lowered the strength of the weld joints. The strength of the weld joints produced with BTFSW was superior to that of the C-FSW. The maximum hardness values of 214 HV and 211 HV are reported at the stir zone for BTFSW and CFSW, respectively. The fracture location of all the joints was at the intersection of the stir zone and the thermomechanically affected zone was on the Cu side.
Preparation of Mineral Admixture from Iron Tailings with Steel Slag-Desulfurization Ash and Its Application to Concrete
Authors: Zhang Yannian , Dong Mengwei , Zhang Wenjie , Chen Hao , Yang Daokui
Published: July 2022

Iron tailing solid waste not only has a high annual output but also has a low comprehensive utilization rate. Low utilization rate of iron tailings seriously restricts the development of comprehensive utilization of solid waste. In order to prepare an iron tailings-based ternary solid waste admixture and to verify its application to concrete, first, the effect of solid waste synergy on the strength of an iron tailings-steel slag-desulfurization ash admixture (ISD) system was investigated. Second, the effect of chemical activator dosing on the strength of an ISD system was studied and the mechanism of chemical activator action on the ISD system was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTA) Then, the effect of this admixture on the strength of concrete was studied. Finally, the mechanism of the effect of this admixture on the strength of concrete was clarified by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and backscattering electron tests (BSE). The results showed that the 7 d and 28 d compressive strengths of the ISD admixture were significantly higher than those of iron tailings single admixture. The 7 d and 28 d compressive strengths of the ISD system reached 24.9 MPa and 36.1 Mpa, respectively, when the ratio of iron tailings:steel slag:desulfurization ash = 1:1:1. Na2SiO3 is suitable for the early strength agent of the ISD admixture, but the amount of admixture should not exceed 0.6% of the admixture. TG-DTA shows that Na2SiO3 is enhancing the early strength of the ISD system by promoting the consumption of Ca(OH)2 in the ISD system to produce C-S-H. However, in the late reaction of the ISD system, Na2SiO3 inhibits the late strength development of the ISD system by suppressing Ca(OH)2 production. Concrete with ISD dosing of 30% or less meets the C40 requirement. MIP and BSE show that ISD provides a filling effect to concrete, but also causes a reduction in the active reactants of concrete and the combined effect of microfilling and active effects affects the strength development of ISD concrete. This study provides a theoretical and scientific basis for the preparation of iron tailings-based ternary solid waste dopants, and, in addition, the study promotes the consumption of iron tailings solid waste and the development of multiple solid waste dopants.
Microstructural Modeling of the Magnetization Process in Ni2MnGa Alloy Polytwin Crystals
Authors: Rogovoy Anatoli A. , Stolbova Olga S.
Published: July 2022

In this article, based on the theory of micromagnetism, a microstructural model of the behavior of the Heusler alloy in a magnetic field is constructed. The dynamics of the magnetic process is described by the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation. Using the Galerkin procedure, variational equations corresponding to the differential relations of the magnetic problem are written out. For numerical simulation, we consider the problem of magnetization of a Ni2MnGa alloy polytwin crystals, each grain of which is a twinned variant of martensite and has pronounced anisotropic properties. First, we consider the process of magnetization of a single grain, when an external magnetic field is applied at different angles to the anisotropy axes of twinned variants, and then, based on the results obtained, we plot magnetization curves for various (isotropic and texture-oriented) polycrystalline samples. This paper does not consider the process of detwinning, which can occur in such a material during the magnetization at a sufficiently high external field strength.
The Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection on Short Term Vocal Outcomes Following Phonosurgery—A Pilot Study
Authors: Ujvary Laszlo Peter , Chirilă Magdalena , Țiple Cristina , Maniu Alma Aurelia , Pop Septimiu Sever , Blebea Cristina Maria , Vesa Stefan , Cosgarea Marcel
Published: July 2022

Background and Objectives: The efficiency and optimal voice rest period following phonosurgery remains debatable. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a safe and cheap alternative to many bioactive agents being studied on animal models, and is already in use in many medical areas. We investigate the short-term effects of PRP and voice rest on voice outcomes following phonosurgery as an alternative to voice rest alone. Materials and Methods: A prospective single-blinded pilot study was conducted. Sixteen patients with a diagnosis of vocal fold cyst and polyps were included, forming equal groups (PRP and voice rest vs. voice rest alone). Voice analysis was carried out on the preoperative day, day three, and week three following surgery. The measured parameters were fundamental frequency (F0), noise–signal ratio (NSR), harmonic poverty (HP), attack alteration (AL), pitch instability (PI), and amplitude instability (AI).VHI(Voice Handicap Index)-30 questionnaires were carried out before surgery and three weeks following surgery to assess the impact of subjective voice change on quality of life. PRP was obtained using commercial kits with separator gel. Results: An average 3.68-fold increase in platelets was obtained with PRP. No side effects were noted after injection. All voice parameters improved on day three and week three following surgery. Statistical significance was noted only in the fundamental frequency of male patients (p = 0.048) in favor of the PRP-voice rest group. In addition, the VHI- 30 questionnaire results between preoperative and postoperative assessments showed statistically significant differences in total VHI score (p = 0.02) as well as the physical (p = 0.05) and emotional (p = 0.02) scale in favor of the PRP-voice rest group. Conclusions: PRP presents short term safety in patients who undergo phonosurgery, although long-term outcomes are unknown. PRP and voice rest are superior to voice rest alone when considering subjective assessment of the voice. When analyzing acoustic parameters, PRP and voice rest are not superior to voice rest alone.
The Impact of Gleason Grade 3 as a Predictive Factor for Biochemical Recurrence after Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: A Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study in Japan (The MSUG94 Group)
Authors: Kawase Makoto , Ebara Shin , Tatenuma Tomoyuki , Sasaki Takeshi , Ikehata Yoshinori , Nakayama Akinori , Toide Masahiro , Yoneda Tatsuaki , Sakaguchi Kazushige , Teishima Jun , Makiyama Kazuhide , Inoue Takahiro , Kitamura Hiroshi , Saito Kazutaka , Koga Fumitaka , Urakami Shinji , Koie Takuya
Published: July 2022

Background and Objectives: This study’s objective was to examine patients treated with robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) for intermediate-risk prostate cancer (IR-PCa), and to identify preoperative risk factors for biochemical recurrence (BCR) in these patients in Japan. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective multicenter cohort study of patients with PCa who underwent RARP at 10 institutions in Japan. A total of 3195 patients were enrolled in this study. We focused on patients with IR-PCa who underwent RARP. We obtained data on pre- and postoperative covariates from the enrolled patients. Biochemical recurrence-free survival was the primary endpoint of this study. We also identified useful preoperative predictive factors for BCR in patients with IR-PCa after RARP. Results: A total of 1144 patients with IR-PCa were enrolled in this study. The median follow-up period was 23.7 months. At the end of the follow-up period, 94 (8.2%) patients developed BCR. The 2 and 3 year biochemical recurrence-free survival (BRFS) rates were 92.2% and 90.2%, respectively. Using the Kaplan–Meier method, Gleason grade (GG) 3 was significantly associated with poor BRFS compared with ≤GG 2. In multivariate analysis, GG 3 was a significant predictive factor for BCR in patients with IR-PCa. Conclusions: The results of the study indicated a significant relationship between GG 3 and post-RARP BCR in patients with IR-PCa.
Pre-Pectoral One-Stage Breast Reconstruction with Anterior Coverage Using Superior Anterior Biological Acellular Dermal Matrix (ADM) and Inferior Anterior Dermal Sling Support
Authors: Sisti Andrea , Sadeghi Payam , Cuomo Roberto , Alvarez Sonia M.
Published: July 2022

The use of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) implants has enhanced breast reconstruction. ADM is a biotechnologically designed human tissue of bovine or porcine origin in which tissue processing removes cellular antigens. In this case report, we describe the use of ADM in one-stage prepectoral breast reconstruction. Skin-reduction breast reconstruction with a prepectoral implant was performed. We created a combined dermal pocket using the inferior dermal flap, sutured with a patch of acellular dermal matrix to continue its extension until the upper pole, to cover the implant. This technique offers single-stage immediate reconstruction, with a decreased requirement for ADM and increased use of vascularized tissue and implant support. Additionally, in the pre-pectoral space, decreased pain postoperatively and less anatomic disruption is offered.
Clinical Perspectives and Management of Edema in Chronic Venous Disease—What about Ruscus?
Authors: Bihari Imre , Guex Jean-Jérôme , Jawien Arkadiusz , Szolnoky Gyozo
Published: July 2022

Background: Edema is highly prevalent in patients with cardiovascular disease and is associated with various underlying pathologic conditions, making it challenging for physicians to diagnose and manage. Methods: We report on presentations from a virtual symposium at the Annual Meeting of the European Venous Forum (25 June 2021), which examined edema classification within clinical practice, provided guidance on making differential diagnoses and reviewed evidence for the use of the treatment combination of Ruscus extract, hesperidin methyl chalcone and vitamin C. Results: The understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying fluid build-up in chronic venous disease (CVD) is limited. Despite amendments to the classic Starling Principle, discrepancies exist between the theories proposed and real-world evidence. Given the varied disease presentations seen in edema patients, thorough clinical examinations are recommended in order to make a differential diagnosis. The recent CEAP classification update states that edema should be considered a sign of CVD. The combination of Ruscus extract, hesperidin methyl chalcone and vitamin C improves venous tone and lymph contractility and reduces macromolecule permeability and inflammation. Conclusions: Data from randomized controlled trials support guideline recommendations for the use of Ruscus extract, hesperidin methyl chalcone and vitamin C to relieve major CVD-related symptoms and edema.
Investigation on Interfacial Bonding Characteristics of Steel/Aluminum Bi-Metal Gears by Hot Forging Processing
Authors: Meng Zhenghua , Jia Xiangyang , Feng Wei , Zhuang Wuhao , Wu Min
Published: July 2022

In this study, steel/aluminum bimetal gears were manufactured under different deformation degrees by using hot forging processing. Optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS) were used to observe morphologies and the element composition of the interface region of the bimetal gears with different deformation degrees. Results show that the interface region between steel and aluminum is of mechanical bonding characteristics when the deformation degree is 50% and 70%, and the steel–aluminum interface joining zone is of the metallurgical bonding feature when the deformation degree is 90%. Finite element (FE) simulation of the hot forging process of the bimetal gear was carried out by using DEFORM-3D software. The simulation results show that the increase in the difference between the interfacial radial stress and the flow stress of the steel helps to form metallurgical bonding at the steel–aluminum joining zone.
The Effect of Bi and Zn Additives on Sn-Ag-Cu Lead-Free Solder Alloys for Ag Reduction
Authors: Kang Yubin , Choi Jin-Ju , Kim Dae-Guen , Shim Hyun-Woo
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to investigate the effects of the addition of Bi and Zn on the mechanical properties of Sn-Ag-Cu lead-free alloy frequently used as a soldering material in the semiconductor packaging process. To reduce the Ag content of the commercial alloy SAC305 (Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu) by 1 wt.%, Bi and Zn were admixed in different ratios and the changes in mechanical and electrical properties were analyzed. Compared to the SAC305 alloy, electrical conductivity and elongation at break decreased while tensile strength increased following the addition of the two elements. In particular, upon the addition of 1 wt.% Bi, the tensile strength increased to a maximum of 43.7 MPa, whereas the tensile strength was 31.9 MPa in the alloy with 1 wt.% Zn. Differential thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the changes in physical properties can be ascribed to a reduction in the activation energy required for formation intermetallic compound when Bi was added, and the refinement of the structure due to a decrease in undercooling degree when Zn was added. When Bi and Zn were added at the same time, each characteristic for the change in the microstructure was applied in a complex manner, but the effect on the change of the physical properties worked independently.
Numerical Investigation on Comparison of Electromagnetic Forming and Drawing for Electromagnetic Forming Characterization
Authors: Lim Mirae , Byun Hanbi , Song Yunjun , Park Jungsoo , Kim Jeong
Published: July 2022

Due to environmental regulations, vehicle weight reduction technology has recently emerged as a key factor influencing market competitiveness in the automobile industry. Although the demand for aluminum alloy for vehicle weight reduction is increasing, its application in the automobile industry is limited due to its low formability. Electromagnetic forming (EMF) technology has been proposed as a method to improve the low formability of aluminum alloys. EMF is a technology of forming a metal workpiece at high speed without physical contact by applying a strong electromagnetic field to the workpiece to be formed. In this study, we performed an analytical study on the characteristics of electromagnetic forming. Finite element analysis was performed with the same model as in the general drawing process, and the results of the forming process, formability, and finite element analysis were compared. Through the results of finite element analysis, it was confirmed that the EMF process showed significant deformation at the die shoulder and center. Furthermore, EMF has an advantage in formability due to having a smaller amount of sheet inflow than the drawing process; however, its forming accuracy is low.
Progressive, Qualitative, and Quantitative Alterations in HDL Lipidome from Healthy Subjects to Patients with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Kostara Christina E. , Karakitsou Kiriaki S. , Florentin Matilda , Bairaktari Eleni T. , Tsimihodimos Vasilis
Published: July 2022

Prediabetes is a clinically silent, insulin-resistant state with increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Since glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism are highly intersected and interrelated, an in-depth characterization of qualitative and quantitative abnormalities in lipoproteins could unravel the metabolic pathways underlying the progression of prediabetes to T2D and also the proneness of these patients to developing premature atherosclerosis. We investigated the HDL lipidome in 40 patients with prediabetes and compared it to that of 40 normoglycemic individuals and 40 patients with established T2D using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Patients with prediabetes presented significant qualitative and quantitative alterations, potentially atherogenic, in HDL lipidome compared to normoglycemic characterized by higher percentages of free cholesterol and triglycerides, whereas phospholipids were lower. Glycerophospholipids and ether glycerolipids were significantly lower in prediabetic compared to normoglycemic individuals, whereas sphingolipids were significantly higher. In prediabetes, lipids were esterified with saturated rather than unsaturated fatty acids. These changes are qualitatively similar, but quantitatively milder, than those found in patients with T2D. We conclude that the detailed characterization of the HDL lipid profile bears a potential to identify patients with subtle (but still proatherogenic) abnormalities who are at high risk for development of T2D and CVD.
Solanaceae Family Phytochemicals as Inhibitors of 3C-Like Protease of SARS-CoV-2: An In Silico Analysis
Authors: Mahmood Raisul Awal , Hasan Anamul , Rahmatullah Mohammed , Paul Alok K. , Jahan Rownak , Jannat Khoshnur , Bondhon Tohmina Afroze , Mahboob Tooba , Nissapatorn Veeranoot , de Lourdes Pereira Maria , Paul Tridib K. , Rumi Ommay Hany , Wiart Christophe , Wilairatana Polrat
Published: July 2022

COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, emerged in late December 2019 in Wuhan, China. As of 8 April 2022, the virus has caused a global pandemic, resulting in 494,587,638 infections leading to 6,170,283 deaths around the world. Although several vaccines have received emergency authorization from USA and UK drug authorities and two more in Russia and China, it is too early to comment on the prolonged effectiveness of the vaccines, their availability, and affordability for the developing countries of the world, and the daunting task to vaccinate 7 billion people of the world with two doses of the vaccine with additional booster doses. As a result, it is still worthwhile to search for drugs and several promising leads have been found, mainly through in silico studies. In this study, we have examined the binding energies of several alkaloids and anthocyanin derivatives from the Solanaceae family, a family which contains common consumable vegetables and fruit items such as eggplant, pepper, and tomatoes. Our study demonstrates that Solanaceae family alkaloids such as incanumine and solaradixine, as well as anthocyanins and anthocyanidins, have very high predicted binding energies for the 3C-like protease of SARS-CoV-2 (also known as Mpro). Since Mpro is vital for SARS-CoV-2 replication, the compounds merit potential for further antiviral research towards the objective of obtaining affordable drugs.
Intermolecular Interaction of Tetrabutylammonium and Tetrabutylphosphonium Salt Hydrates by Low-Frequency Raman Observation
Authors: Miwa Yasuhiro , Nagahama Tomoki , Sato Harumi , Tani Atsushi , Takeya Kei
Published: July 2022

Semi-clathrate hydrates are attractive heat storage materials because the equilibrium temperatures, located above 0 °C in most cases, can be changed by selecting guest cations and anions. The equilibrium temperatures are influenced by the size and hydrophilicity of guest ions, hydration number, crystal structure, and so on. This indicates that intermolecular and/or interionic interaction in the semi-clathrate hydrates may be related to the variation of the equilibrium temperatures. Therefore, intermolecular and/or interionic interaction in semi-clathrate hydrates with quaternary onium salts was directly observed using low-frequency Raman spectroscopy, a type of terahertz spectroscopy. The results show that Raman peak positions were mostly correlated with the equilibrium temperatures: in the semi-clathrate hydrates with higher equilibrium temperatures, Raman peaks around 65 cm−1 appeared at a higher wavenumber and the other Raman peaks at around 200 cm−1 appeared at a lower wavenumber. Low-frequency Raman observation is a valuable tool with which to study the equilibrium temperatures in semi-clathrate hydrates.
Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition-Mediated Tumor Therapeutic Resistance
Authors: Xu Zhimin , Zhang Yingxin , Dai Huanyan , Han Bing
Published: July 2022

Cancer is one of the world’s most burdensome diseases, with increasing prevalence and a high mortality rate threat. Tumor recurrence and metastasis due to treatment resistance are two of the primary reasons that cancers have been so difficult to treat. The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is essential for tumor drug resistance. EMT causes tumor cells to produce mesenchymal stem cells and quickly adapt to various injuries, showing a treatment-resistant phenotype. In addition, multiple signaling pathways and regulatory mechanisms are involved in the EMT, resulting in resistance to treatment and hard eradication of the tumors. The purpose of this study is to review the link between EMT, therapeutic resistance, and the molecular process, and to offer a theoretical framework for EMT-based tumor-sensitization therapy.
QSAR Evaluations to Unravel the Structural Features in Lysine-Specific Histone Demethylase 1A Inhibitors for Novel Anticancer Lead Development Supported by Molecular Docking, MD Simulation and MMGBSA
Authors: Jawarkar Rahul D. , Bakal Ravindra L. , Mukherjee Nobendu , Ghosh Arabinda , Zaki Magdi E. A. , AL-Hussain Sami A. , Al-Mutairi Aamal A. , Samad Abdul , Gandhi Ajaykumar , Masand Vijay H.
Published: July 2022

Using 84 structurally diverse and experimentally validated LSD1/KDM1A inhibitors, quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) models were built by OECD requirements. In the QSAR analysis, certainly significant and understated pharmacophoric features were identified as critical for LSD1 inhibition, such as a ring Carbon atom with exactly six bonds from a Nitrogen atom, partial charges of lipophilic atoms within eight bonds from a ring Sulphur atom, a non-ring Oxygen atom exactly nine bonds from the amide Nitrogen, etc. The genetic algorithm–multi-linear regression (GA-MLR) and double cross-validation criteria were used to create robust QSAR models with high predictability. In this study, two QSAR models were developed, with fitting parameters like R2 = 0.83–0.81, F = 61.22–67.96, internal validation parameters such as Q2LOO = 0.79–0.77, Q2LMO = 0.78–0.76, CCCcv = 0.89–0.88, and external validation parameters such as, R2ext = 0.82 and CCCex = 0.90. In terms of mechanistic interpretation and statistical analysis, both QSAR models are well-balanced. Furthermore, utilizing the pharmacophoric features revealed by QSAR modelling, molecular docking experiments corroborated with the most active compound’s binding to the LSD1 receptor. The docking results are then refined using Molecular dynamic simulation and MMGBSA analysis. As a consequence, the findings of the study can be used to produce LSD1/KDM1A inhibitors as anticancer leads.
Perspectives on Socially Intelligent Conversational Agents
Authors: Brinkschulte Luisa , Schlögl Stephan , Monz Alexander , Schöttle Pascal , Janetschek Matthias
Published: July 2022

The propagation of digital assistants is consistently progressing. Manifested by an uptake of ever more human-like conversational abilities, respective technologies are moving increasingly away from their role as voice-operated task enablers and becoming rather companion-like artifacts whose interaction style is rooted in anthropomorphic behavior. One of the required characteristics in this shift from a utilitarian tool to an emotional character is the adoption of social intelligence. Although past research has recognized this need, more multi-disciplinary investigations should be devoted to the exploration of relevant traits and their potential embedding in future agent technology. Aiming to lay a foundation for further developments, we report on the results of a Delphi study highlighting the respective opinions of 21 multi-disciplinary domain experts. Results exhibit 14 distinctive characteristics of social intelligence, grouped into different levels of consensus, maturity, and abstraction, which may be considered a relevant basis, assisting the definition and consequent development of socially intelligent conversational agents.
Bimetallic Pt-Ni Nanoparticles Confined in Porous Titanium Oxide Cage for Hydrogen Generation from NaBH4 Hydrolysis
Authors: Yu Yuqian , Kang Li , Sun Lixian , Xu Fen , Pan Hongge , Sang Zhen , Zhang Chenchen , Jia Xinlei , Sui Qingli , Bu Yiting , Cai Dan , Xia Yongpeng , Zhang Kexiang , Li Bin
Published: July 2022

Sodium borohydride (NaBH4), with a high theoretical hydrogen content (10.8 wt%) and safe characteristics, has been widely employed to produce hydrogen based on hydrolysis reactions. In this work, a porous titanium oxide cage (PTOC) has been synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method using NH2-MIL-125 as the template and L-alanine as the coordination agent. Due to the evenly distributed PtNi alloy particles with more catalytically active sites, and the synergistic effect between the PTOC and PtNi alloy particles, the PtNi/PTOC catalyst presents a high hydrogen generation rate (10,164.3 mL∙min−1∙g−1) and low activation energy (28.7 kJ∙mol−1). Furthermore, the robust porous structure of PTOC effectively suppresses the agglomeration issue; thus, the PtNi/PTOC catalyst retains 87.8% of the initial catalytic activity after eight cycles. These results indicate that the PtNi/PTOC catalyst has broad applications for the hydrolysis of borohydride.
Two-Dimensional Perovskite (PEA)2PbI4 Two-Color Blue-Green Photodetector
Authors: Dou Wei , Yin Ziwei , Zhang Yi , Deng Huiyong , Dai Ning
Published: July 2022

Perovskite materials have been widely used to fabricate solar cells, laser diodes and other photodevices, owing to the advantage of high absorption coefficient, long carrier life and shallow defect energy levels. However, due to easy hydrolysis, it is difficult to fabricate perovskite micro-nano devices. Herein, we developed a water-free device fabrication technology and fabricated a two-dimensional (C6H5C2H4NH3)2PbI4 ((PEA)2PbI4) two-color blue-green light detector, which exhibits high detection performance under the illumination of two-color lasers (λ = 460 nm, 532 nm). Compared with bulk devices, the dark current of the fabricated devices (10−11 A) was reduced by 2 orders of magnitude. The peak responsivity and detectivity are about 1 A/W and 1011 Jones, respectively. The photodetection performance of the device is basically the same under the two-color lasers. Our results provide a new process to fabricate perovskite microelectronic devices, and the fabricated photodetector shows great application prospects in underwater detection, owing to the blue-green window existing in water.
Investigation of the Stability and Hydrogen Evolution Activity of Dual-Atom Catalysts on Nitrogen-Doped Graphene
Authors: Zhou Qiansong , Zhang Meng , Zhu Beien , Gao Yi
Published: July 2022

Single atom catalysts (SACs) have received a lot of attention in recent years for their high catalytic activity, selectivity, and atomic utilization rates. Two-dimensional N-doped graphene has been widely used to stabilize transition metal (TM) SACs in many reactions. However, the anchored SAC could lose its activity because of the too strong metal-N interaction. Alternatively, we studied the stability and activity of dual-atom catalysts (DACs) for 24 TMs on N-doped graphene, which kept the dispersion state but had different electronic structures from SACs. Our results show that seven DACs can be formed directly compared to the SACs. The others can form stably when the number of TMs is slightly larger than the number of vacancies. We further show that some of the DACs present better catalytic activities in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) than the corresponding SACs, which can be attributed to the optimal charge transfer that is tuned by the additional atom. After the screening, the DAC of Re is identified as the most promising catalyst for HER. This study provides useful information for designing atomically-dispersed catalysts on N−doped graphene beyond SACs.
Composite Structural Supercapacitors: High-Performance Carbon Nanotube Supercapacitors through Ionic Liquid Localisation
Authors: Mapleback Benjamin , Dao Vu , Webb Lachlan , Rider Andrew
Published: July 2022

Composite structural supercapacitors (SSC) are an attractive technology for aerospace vehicles; however, maintaining strength whilst adding energy storage to composite structures has been difficult. Here, SSCs were manufactured using aerospace-grade composite materials and CNT mat electrodes. A new design methodology was explored where the supercapacitor electrolyte was localised within the composite structure, achieving good electrochemical performance within the active region, whilst maintaining excellent mechanical performance elsewhere. The morphologies of these localised SSC designs were characterised with synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy and synchrotron X-ray micro-computed tomography and could be directly correlated with both electrochemical and mechanical performance. One configuration used an ionogel with an ionic liquid (IL) electrolyte, which assisted localisation and achieved 2640 mW h kg−1 at 8.37 W kg−1 with a corresponding short beam shear (SBS) strength of 71.5 MPa in the active area. A separate configuration with only IL electrolyte achieved 758 mW h kg−1 at 7.87 W kg−1 with SBS strength of 106 MPa in the active area. Both configurations provide a combined energy and strength superior to results previously reported in the literature for composite SSCs.
Thyroid Dysfunction and the Effect of Iodine-Deficient Parenteral Nutrition in Very Low Birth Weight Infants: A Nationwide Analysis of a Korean Neonatal Network Database
Authors: Cho JaeYoung , Park JeongHoon , Yeom JungSook , Jun JinSu , Park JiSook , Park EunSil , Seo Ji-Hyun , Lim JaeYoung , Park Chan-Hoo , Woo Hyang-Ok
Published: July 2022

Background: To investigate the impact of nutritional iodine deficiency on thyroid dysfunction (TD) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants, we analyzed the association between iodine-deficient parenteral nutrition (PN) and TD requiring L-thyroxine (TD-LT4). Methods: Data of VLBW infants were obtained from the Korean Neonatal Network registry. Factors including duration of PN were analyzed according to TD-LT4. Results: TD-LT4 occurred in 490 (8.7%) of 5635 infants, and more frequently occurred in infants requiring PN for ≥4 weeks (10.2%). PN ≥ 4 weeks was one of the risk factors for TD-LT4, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.346, p = 0.002. However, multivariate analysis showed that TD-LT4 was more of a risk for infants that were small for gestational age (OR 2.987, p < 0.001) and for other neonatal morbidities such as seizures (OR 1.787, p = 0.002) and persistent pulmonary hypertension (OR 1.501, p = 0.039) than PN ≥ 4 weeks (OR 0.791, p = 0.080). Conclusions: Prolonged iodine-deficient PN might affect TD-LT4 in VLBW infants. However, the effect of nutritional iodine deficiency on TD-LT4 risk was less than that of SGA or severe neonatal morbidities in Korean VLBW infants.
Effects of Amino Acids Supplementation on Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in HepG2 Cells
Authors: Wang Shuang , Jung Soohan , Ko Kwang Suk
Published: July 2022

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes are representing symptoms of metabolic syndrome, which is often accompanied with hepatic fat accumulation and insulin resistance. Since liver is the major site of glucose and lipid metabolism, this study aimed to understand the effects of SCAAs and BCAAs supplementations on glucose and lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells. These cells were pretreated with SAMe, betaine, taurine, and BCAA for 24 h, followed by treatments of a high concentration of glucose (50 mM) or palmitic acid (PA, 0.5 mM) for 48 h to simulate high-glucose and high-fat environments. Pretreatment of BCAA and SCAAs inhibited the fat accumulation. At the transcriptional level, glucose and PA treatment led to significant increase of mRNA gluconeogenic enzyme. The mRNA expression level of GLUT2 was decreased by 20% in the SAMe-treated group and inhibited glucose synthesis by reducing the level of gluconeogenic enzyme. After SAMe or BCAA pretreatment, the mRNA expression of lipogenic enzymes was decreased. The PPAR-γ expression was increased after BCAA pretreatment, but SAMe not only downregulated the expression of PPAR-γ, but also inhibited the expression of ChREBP approximately 20% and SREBP-1c decreased by about 15%. Taken together, the effect of SAMe on glucose and lipid metabolism is significant especially on inhibiting hepatic lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis under the metabolic syndrome environment.
KYMASIN UP Natural Product Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis and Improves Osteoblast Activity by Modulating Src and p38 MAPK
Authors: Salvadori Laura , Belladonna Maria Laura , Castiglioni Beatrice , Paiella Martina , Panfili Eleonora , Manenti Tommaso , Ercolani Catia , Cornioli Luca , Chiappalupi Sara , Gentili Giulia , Leigheb Massimiliano , Sorci Guglielmo , Bosetti Michela , Filigheddu Nicoletta , Riuzzi Francesca
Published: July 2022

The imbalance in osteoblast (OB)-dependent bone formation in favor of osteoclast (OC)-dependent bone resorption is the main cause of loss of tissue mineral mass during bone remodeling leading to osteoporosis conditions. Thus, the suppression of OC activity together with the improvement in the OB activity has been proposed as an effective therapy for maintaining bone mass during aging. We tested the new dietary product, KYMASIN UP containing standardized Withania somnifera, Silybum marianum and Trigonella foenum-graecum herbal extracts or the single extracts in in vitro models mimicking osteoclastogenesis (i.e., RAW 264.7 cells treated with RANKL, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand) and OB differentiation (i.e., C2C12 myoblasts treated with BMP2, bone morphogenetic protein 2). We found that the dietary product reduces RANKL-dependent TRAP (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase)-positive cells (i.e., OCs) formation and TRAP activity, and down-regulates osteoclastogenic markers by reducing Src (non-receptor tyrosine kinase) and p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) activation. Withania somnifera appears as the main extract responsible for the anti-osteoclastogenic effect of the product. Moreover, KYMASIN UP maintains a physiological release of the soluble decoy receptor for RANKL, OPG (osteoprotegerin), in osteoporotic conditions and increases calcium mineralization in C2C12-derived OBs. Interestingly, KYMASIN UP induces differentiation in human primary OB-like cells derived from osteoporotic subjects. Based on our results, KYMASIN UP or Withania somnifera-based dietary supplements might be suggested to reverse the age-related functional decline of bone tissue by re-balancing the activity of OBs and OCs, thus improving the quality of life in the elderly and reducing social and health-care costs.
Eosinophils, but Not Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells, Are the Predominant Source of Interleukin 4 during the Innate Phase of Leishmania major Infection
Authors: Sasse Carolin , Barinberg David , Obermeyer Stephanie , Debus Andrea , Schleicher Ulrike , Bogdan Christian
Published: July 2022

Interleukin (IL)-4 plays a central role in the initiation of a type 2 T helper cell (Th2) response, which leads to non-healing and progressive infections with the protozoan parasite Leishmania (L.) major. Here, we tested the hypothesis that type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), which promote the development of Th2 cells, form an important source of IL-4 early after intradermal or subcutaneous L. major infection. Lineage-marker negative CD90.2+CD127+PD1− ILC2 were readily detectable in the ear or foot skin, but hardly in the draining lymph nodes of both naïve and L. major-infected self-healing C57BL/6 and non-healing BALB/c mice and made up approximately 20% to 30% of all CD45+SiglecF− cells. Dermal ILC2 of C57BL/6 mice expressed the inducible T cell-costimulator (ICOS, CD278), whereas BALB/C ILC2 were positive for the stem cell antigen (Sca)-1. Within the first 5 days of infection, the absolute numbers of ILC2 did not significantly change in the dermis, which is in line with the unaltered expression of cytokines activating (IL-18, IL-25, IL-33, TSLP) or inhibiting ILC2 (IL-27, IFN-γ). At day 5 to 6 post infection, we observed an upregulation of IL-4, but not of IL-5, IL-10 or IL-13 mRNA. Using IL-4-reporter (4get) mice, we found that the production of IL-4 by C57BL/6 or BALB/c mice was largely restricted to CD45+SiglecF+ cells of high granularity, i.e., eosinophils. From these data, we conclude that eosinophils, but not ILC2, are a major innate source of IL-4 at the skin site of L. major infection.
Copper (I)-Chloroquine Complexes: Interactions with DNA and Ferriprotoporphyrin, Inhibition of β-Hematin Formation and Relation to Antimalarial Activity
Authors: Villarreal Wilmer , Castro William , González Sorenlis , Madamet Marylin , Amalvict Rémy , Pradines Bruno , Navarro Maribel
Published: July 2022

A new Cu(I)-chloroquine (CQ) complex [Cu(CQ)(PPh3)2]NO3 (1) was synthesized and characterized, and its mechanism of action studied concomitant with the previously reported complex [Cu(CQ)2]Cl (2). These copper (I) coordination compounds can be considered as potential antimalarial agents because they show better inhibition of the CQ-resistant strain in in vitro studies than CQ alone. In comparison with other metal-CQ complexes, only the gold complex was similar to (1), i.e., more active than CQ against both CQ-susceptible (3D7) and CQ-resistant strains (W2). These two copper (I)-compounds also demonstrated higher antiplasmodial activity against W2 than other copper complexes reported to date. This suggests that the incorporation of the copper metal center enhanced the biological activity of CQ. To better understand their significant growth inhibition of the Plasmodium falciparum parasite, the interaction with two essential molecular targets for the survival and proliferation of the malarial parasite were studied. These were the ferriprotoporphyrin group and the DNA, both important targets for current antimalarial drugs at the asexual erythrocytic stages. Both compounds (1,2) exhibited significant interactions with these targets. In particular, interactions with the DNA were dominated by the intercalator properties of the CQ ligand but may have also been affected by the presence of copper. Overall, these compounds were better parasitic inhibitors than chloroquine diphosphate (CQDP) alone or other previously reported metal-CQ complexes such as platinum, ruthenium and gold.
Discovery of Novel Dual Adenosine A2A and A1 Receptor Antagonists with 1H-Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-amine Core Scaffold as Anti-Parkinson’s Disease Agents
Authors: Jung Juyoung , Lee Yoonsuk , Moon An-Na , Ann Jihyae , Jeong Jin Ju , Do Nayeon , Lee Jeewoo
Published: July 2022

New compounds with 1H-pyrazolo [3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-amine core scaffolds were synthesized and characterized in vitro to determine their affinity for human A2A and A1 receptors. Among the tested compounds, a few compounds displayed nanomolar binding affinities for both receptors. One particular compound, 11o, showed high binding activities (hA2A Ki = 13.3 nM; hA1 Ki = 55 nM) and full antagonism (hA2A IC50 = 136 nM; hA1 IC50 = 98.8 nM) toward both receptors. Further tests showed that 11o has low hepatic clearance and good pharmacokinetic properties in mice, along with high bioavailability and a high brain plasma ratio. In addition, 11o was associated with very low cardiovascular risk and mutagenic potential, and was well-tolerated in rats and dogs. When tested in an MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson’s disease, 11o tended to improve behavior. Moreover, 11o dose-dependently reversed haloperidol-induced catalepsy in female rats, with graded ED50 of between 3 and 10 mg/kg. Taken together, these results suggest that this potent dual A2A/A1 receptor antagonist, 11o, is a good candidate for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease with an excellent metabolic and safety profile.
Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in Residual Periodontal Pockets during the Maintenance Phase
Authors: Yamashita Yasunori , Mae Megumi , Oohira Masayuki , Ozaki Yukio , Ohba Seigo , Asahina Izumi , Yoshimura Atsutoshi
Published: July 2022

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (a-PDT) in combination with scaling root planing (SRP) is more effective at improving periodontal status than SRP alone. However, the effectiveness of a-PDT in combination with irrigation for patients undergoing periodontal maintenance has not been clarified. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a-PDT in the maintenance phase. Patients who had multiple sites with bleeding on probing (BOP) and periodontal probing depth (PPD) of 4–6 mm in the maintenance phase were treated with a split-mouth design. These sites were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the a-PDT group and the irrigation group. In the a-PDT group, the periodontal pockets were treated with light-sensitive toluidine blue and a light irradiator. In the irrigation group, the periodontal pockets were simply irrigated using an ultrasonic scaler. After 7 days, the safety and efficacy of a-PDT were assessed. The mean PPD of the a-PDT group had reduced from 4.50 mm to 4.13 mm, whereas negligible change was observed in the irrigation group. BOP significantly improved from 100% to 33% in the PDT group, whereas it hardly changed in the irrigation group. No adverse events were observed in any patients. a-PDT may be useful as a noninvasive treatment in the maintenance phase, especially in patients with relatively deep periodontal pocket.
650 W All-Fiber Single-Frequency Polarization-Maintaining Fiber Amplifier Based on Hybrid Wavelength Pumping and Tapered Yb-Doped Fibers
Authors: Jiang Wanpeng , Yang Changsheng , Zhao Qilai , Gu Quan , Huang Jiamin , Jiang Kui , Zhou Kaijun , Feng Zhouming , Yang Zhongmin , Xu Shanhui
Published: July 2022

Based on hybrid wavelength pumping and tapered Yb-doped fibers (T-YDFs), a 650 W all-fiber single-frequency polarization-maintaining fiber amplifier was demonstrated experimentally at 1030 nm. Different pump power ratios in the T-YDF-based power-amplifier stage were proposed to investigate their influence on the transverse mode instability (TMI) effect. The highest TMI threshold was obtained when the pump power ratio of 940 nm to 976 nm was 1:4.4. A measured M2 factor of 1.7 and a polarization extinction ratio of 14 dB at the maximum output power were obtained. To the best of our knowledge, these results exhibit the highest output power of any all-fiber single-frequency polarization-maintaining fiber amplifiers created up to now.