bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kentsel su yönetiminde araç olarak su ayak izi ve mavi-yeşil altyapı
Authors: ÖZTAŞ KARLI Rukiye Gizem , ARTAR Mustafa
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Kentler, doğal (mavi ve yeşil) ve insan yapımı (gri) unsurlardan meydana gelen dinamik bir yapıya sahiptir. Zamanla biriken bu unsurlar, kentsel formu şekillendirmekte ve bireylerin davranışlarını etkilemektedir. Yoğunluğun artması ve plansız kentleşme ile mavi, yeşil ve gri unsurlar arasında etkileşim azalmaktadır. Bu bağlamda makalenin amacı, kentsel su yönetimi sürecinde su ayak izi ve mavi-yeşil altyapı yaklaşımlarının makro ve mikro ölçekte kentsel gelişim stratejilerinin önemli bir parçası olduğunu vurgulamaktır.
Materyal ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma literatür taraması yöntemine dayanmakta olup, çalışmada su ayak izi ve mavi-yeşil altyapı yaklaşımları kuramsal bir çerçeve kapsamında sunulmakta ve kentsel su yönetiminde araç olarak bu yaklaşımların rolleri ele alınmaktadır.
Sonuç: Su ayak izi ve mavi-yeşil altyapı yaklaşımlarının ortak amacı su kalitesini iyileştirmek ve yönetmektir. Tüm bu süreçte kentsel su yönetiminde su ayak izi ve mavi-yeşil altyapı yaklaşımlarının makro ve mikro ölçekte kentsel gelişim stratejilerinin önemli bir parçası olduğu söylenebilir. Çalışmada bu yaklaşımların kentsel su yönetiminde araç olarak kullanımının önemi var olan örnek çalışmalar ve stratejiler üzerinden ortaya konulmaktadır.
Las enfermedades de los ojos en el Perú prehispánico
Authors: Paico-Vílchez Emiliano , Paico-Zumaeta Emiliano
Published: April 2021

Los autores, después de escrudiñar en la cerámica preincaica y en las crónicas de la conquista, describen algunas de las enfermedades de los ojos que padecieron los aborígenes peruanos y cómo las curaban. Hacen saber que la conjuntivitis era la afección más frecuente y que la ceguera la más grave. Consideran que dar a conocer estas prácticas de la en el Perú prehispánico es un medio para fortalecer nuestra identidad nacional
Libre albedrío. ¿Es realmente libre?
Authors: Casas-Castañeda Jorge , Casas- Quaderer Sebastian
Published: April 2021

La esencia del libre albedrio ha sido objeto de debate, por siglos, entre la filosofía y la religión, debate casi inexistente en las personas promedio, quienes suelen dar por sentado que las decisiones personales gozan de autonomía y libertad. El presente texto pretende dar una mirada más allá de la ideología y analizar la evidencia reciente sobre la contribución biológica y cultural en nuestro proceso de toma de decisiones y, en última instancia, en nuestra conducta.
The enhancement of type 1 collagen expression after 10% propolis-carbonated hydroxyapatite application in periodontitis-induced rabbits
Authors: Kusumawati Indi , Suryono S. , Syaify Ahmad
Published: April 2021

Background: Alveolar bone defects caused by periodontitis may require regenerative therapy to restore bone structure. Propolis possesses antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which can stimulate bone regeneration. Propolis-carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) material was applied during open flap debridement (OFD) in periodontitis therapy. Purpose: To analyse the effect of the application of 10% propolis-CHA after OFD on type 1 collagen expression on periodontitis-induced rabbits. Methods: Six male rabbits, aged 5–8 months, weight 1500–2000 grams, were ligated with wire and injected with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for six weeks to induce periodontitis. The samples were divided into three groups: group A (OFD only), group B (OFD+CHA) and group C (OFD+10% propolis-CHA). To acquire 10% propolis-CHA, the CHA block was cut into 10mg and then immersed in 1ml of 10% propolis solution for 24 hours at room temperature. Decapitation was performed on the seventh and 14th day after OFD was performed on each group and microscopic slides were prepared for type 1 collagen examination. The data was analysed using a two-way ANOVA with a 95% confidence interval followed by a post hoc LSD test. Results: The type 1 collagen expression in group C (61.36±1.88 on day seven and 70.25±3.89 on day 14) was significantly different from group A (42.91±1.78 on day seven and 45.18±2.48 on day 14) and group B (43.91±5.31 on day seven and 59.63±3.27 on day 14) on both the seventh day and the 14th day (p=0.000). Conclusion: The administration of 10% propolis-CHA during OFD can increase the type 1 collagen expression in the alveolar bone of rabbits on the seventh and 14th day.
Self-Employment in Transitional Economies
Authors: Vishnevskaya N.
Published: April 2021

The economic crisis caused the ubiquitous growth of a number of self-employed in total employment. In particular groups of countries the self-employment differs both by its scale and composition. Compared to the Central and East European economies, the CIS countries show a much higher share of dependents in the families while the unit weight of employers using hired workers is considerably lower. One of the most characteristic features of self-employment in the transitional economies is very wide participation of women. This conclusion is especially true for CIS countries where women make up the prevailing part of self-employed and their share demonstrates a steady growth. In the Central and East European economies gender indicators are rather close to those in the developed nations. Men face a higher risk of becoming self-employed than women. As for Russia, in terms of volume, composition and structure of self-employment it stays close to the group of Central and East European countries rather than to CIS nations.
World. Challenges of Global Crisis. France
Authors: Semenenko I. , Grishin I.
Published: April 2021

The publication presents the results of the recent theoretical seminar of IMEMO Center of comparative socio-economic and socio-political studies. The topic relates to the trends and prospects of socio-political transformations in the leading nations of the world under the conditions of current crisis. In particular, the participants of the seminar discuss the status of the French socio-political model, crisis hardships, new balance of political forces, features of foreign policy, France’s Syrian dilemma.
Ethno-Socio-Cultural Conflict: New Reality of Modernity
Authors: Zagladin N.
Published: April 2021

The paper gives and account of the research and practical conference “Global crisis and its consequences: aggravation of ethno-social contradictions” (IMEMO, spring 2013). The analysis is focused on the implications of the 2008-2009 crisis on the intra-nations’ contradictions. In particular, three topics are regarded in details: (1) general methodological issues of the modern world conflicts and contradictions; (2) special features of ethno-cultural conflicts’ manifestations in the Russian society; influence of migration processes on the evolution of such conflicts.
Populism in Contemporary Europe: New Trends
Authors: Vainshtein G.
Published: April 2021

In recent few decades the growth of political populism has become a characteristic feature of Europe’s political life. The author undertakes an effort to comprehend the nature of the underlying processes and the new trends in their development. The analysis is based on the consideration of aggregated indicators of the electoral support of populist parties in 17 countries of the Western, Northern and Southern Europe.
Peru: Emerging Regional Giant
Authors: Dabagyan E.
Published: April 2021

Peru – Latin American nation looking to Pacific Ocean, mid-sized by territory and population – has shown a substantial progress in its social and political development in recent 25 years. Now it is an important player of regional scale which is well respected by its near and far neighbors. Not surprisingly some expert tend to compare Peru to Singapore and South Korea, others introduced a notion “Peru is China in miniature”. The author undertakes and effort to present a concentrated analysis of complex, sometimes contradictory and even paradox processes in this country at the turn of XX and XXI centuries. The growing role of Peru in continental and international relations is shown.
Germany and Russia: Delimitated Partners
Authors: Meister S.
Published: April 2021

The estrangement is surging up in relations between Germany and Russia. Expectations of the "Partnership for Modernization" in Berlin are deceived. For the German part, it seems most important to reform the Russian political system through economic cooperation, whereas, in contrast, Russia is interested in economic partnership itself and in investment promotion. The lack of the legal regulation, and the growing state influence on economy in Russia hedge the economic partnership. Berlin has no concept of ways to affect the reform process in Russia. The renewal of the policy line towards Russia is needed. If Germany wants to facilitate the integration of Russia into Europe, Berlin must work out a new approach in the relationship with Moscow, focused less on elites and more on the civil society.
Sub-Saharan Africa in XXIth Century: Opportunities and Risks of Development (the end)
Authors: Irishin G.
Published: April 2021

This publication presents the regular content of the scientific workshop "Modern Development Problems", which takes place in the Center for Development and Modernization Studies at IMEMO RAN. Several key problems are set up and analyzed in the report delivered at the workshop, namely: the influence of globalization on social-economic processes in Sub-Saharan Africa, a concept and strategy formulation by the African elite, as well as the role of an African state and regional formations in its realization.
Non-Western Theories of Development in the Global Capitalism Era
Authors: Degterev D.
Published: April 2021

Received 31.08.2020. This article is devoted to the evolution of non-Western theories of development in the epoch of global capitalism, i. e. after 1990. It describes in detail what is meant by this concept – models of socio-economic development, alternative to the Western neoliberal paradigm and associated with the modernization of non-Western countries, primarily in the “Global South”. Periodization of these approaches is given in connection with the process of decolonization (early 1960s), the end of the bipolar world, and the strengthening of China (since 2010s). Two main directions of such theories – neo-Marxian tradition, as well as post-colonial and anti-colonial studies – are shown. The author concludes that the “non-Westernness” of post-colonial studies is conditional, while anti-colonial and neo-Marxian studies are very much intertwined. The article shows the role of such organizations as CODESRIA and Third World Network in shaping the intellectual development agenda of the Global South. It traces the evolution of neo-Marxist approaches to development of the poorest countries, which originated in Latin American structuralism, American neo-Marxism, the works of J. Galtung and W. Rodney. By the early 1980s, the world-systemic approach was already dominant, its representatives were relatively capable to explain the collapse of the socialist system, and also made attempts to describe the growing influence of China. Nevertheless, the theory of the transnational capitalist class that emerged in the 1990s and 2000s was more successful from this point of view. The article investigates the phenomenon of an emerging confrontation between China and the United States in the ideological field – for the influence on leftist intellectuals around the world, and shows the main resources of both sides in this conflict. Special attention is paid to Postdevelopmentalism that developed in the 1990–2000s in line with postmodernist approaches; both strengths and weaknesses of this concept are presented. In conclusion, the author summarizes that neo-Marxist approaches play a key role as the major alternative to neoliberal capitalist development in the countries of the “Global South” while national modernization theories are lacking in the non-Western countries. Acknowledgements. The article has been prepared at RUDN University and supported by a grant of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR). Project no. 19-111-50655 (Expansion) “Non-Western Theories of Development in the Age of Global Capitalism”. The author also expresses his sincere gratitude to P. Bond (University of the Western Cape, South Africa), T.M. Gavristova (YarSU), E.N. Grachikov (RUDN University), Li Yan (CASS, China) and V. G. Shubin (Institute for African Studies, RAS) for their valuable comments.
Ordoliberal Foundations of European Economic Policy: Myths and Reality
Authors: Trubnikov D.
Published: April 2021

Received 20.09.2020. The theme of the role and place of ordoliberal views in contemporary European economic policy has attracted attention of many researchers. While some scholars raise their concerns about the ongoing ordoliberalization of Europe and criticize the ordoliberal foundations of the European Union, the others call for the restoration of the ordoliberal principles in economic policy and argue about the necessity of ordoliberal reforms. This article is focused on this discussion and aims to assess the various arguments that use the ordoliberal issue to justify their positions. The analysis leads to the conclusion that this discussion very often faces misinterpretations of the main outlook of the ordoliberal theory, what can be explained by the dominant role of Germany in the European political scene, complexity of the relationship between ordoliberalism and the social market economy model, as well as by political, economic and ideological motives. For ordoliberals, the main task for the state was to create and maintain a competitive order that will allow market forces to distribute the wealth according to merits and will result in what can be called achievement of social justice. Meanwhile, it has become apparent that European policymakers have noticeably eschewed the competitive order proposals, and modern arrangements of the European economy might be better characterized in terms of regulatory capitalism and managed competition. Moreover, it can be argued that the raising concentration of economic power makes the appeals for the return to the ordoliberal principles very reasonable. The Freiburg school ideas continue to be a real alternative not only to the neoclassical mainstream, but also to the socialist wishes to control and direct economic and social processes.
Factors of Coalitional Governments Formation Between Regionalist and Nationwide Political Parties in Regions of Spain
Authors: Filippova E.
Published: April 2021

Received 09.09.2020. The paper focuses on one of the most significant arenas of multi-level politics – the interaction between regionalist and state-wide parties in the creation and functioning of government coalitions at the regional level. The research is aimed at determining the factors influencing the creation of such coalitions in which regionalist parties act as coalition partners with a specific agenda. Spain provides significant empirical material for research on this issue, where regionalist parties function in most regions, and state-wide parties often enter government coalitions with them at the level of autonomous communities. A comparative analysis of the practices of concluding coalition agreements between statewide and regionalist political parties in the regions of Spain during the democratic period is a key research method. The theoretical part of the article provides an overview of the theories of party coalitions accumulated by Political Science since the 1950s and updated by researchers due to actualization of new circumstances in the context of multilevel politics. The empirical part of the article examines the influence of three categories of factors on the construction of coalition deals between regionalist and state-wide political parties in the Spanish autonomous communities, including: the size of the coalition, the ideological inter-party distance (comprising the regionalist-ideological dimension) and correspondence of the alignments of party forces at the regional and national levels. The research demonstrates that the factor of coalition size is fundamental for transactions between regionalist and state-wide political parties, while the other two categories of factors manifest themselves situationally. Acknowledgements. The research was carried out at the expense of a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 19-18-00053 " Subnational regionalism and dynamics of multilevel politics (Russian and European practices)") at the Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
About an Attempt to Create a Theory of International Relations in IMEMO in the 1970s
Authors: Kosolapov N. , Aleshin A. , Davydov A. , Kislitsyn S.
Published: April 2021

Received 11.12.2020. The article is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Academician N. N. Inozemtsev. The article provides an overview of the unpublished collective monograph “Foundations of the Theory of International Relations” – the fundamental work of a group of the IMEMO researchers, devised in the 1970s in the USSR. The process of creating a monograph is considered in the context of domestic and foreign policy conjuncture of that historical period, as well as the history of IMEMO. Among factors that slowed down the publication of this work were ideological transformations in the USSR, the divergence of political elite groups’ interests. The main provisions of the monograph, based on a systematic approach and works by representatives of Marxism and Marxism-Leninism, are given. Particular attention is paid to comparison with the American and Western European international relations theory concepts of that period. Self-sufficiency of the monograph as a full-fledged theoretical concept within the framework of the Marxist-Leninist theory of international relations is substantiated. The authors of the article prove the relevance of the monograph both as a historical source and as a milestone for modern scientific Marxist thought. Owing to the collapse of the world socialist system, the Marxist paradigm received an opportunity to reach its own realism, separated from ideology and based on the central idea of Marxism – the position of development as an objective quality of the socio-historical process. The publication of the collective monograph “Fundamentals of the Theory of International Relations” is planned for the end of 2021.
Nursing Treatments and Collaboration of Postpartum Hemorrhage Patients as Efforts to Prevention of Maternal Mortality: A Literature Review
Authors: indriyani diyan , Glorino Rumambo Pandin Moses
Published: April 2021

Postpartum hemorrhage is a complication during the puerperium that requires serious management, because it risks on threatening the mother's death. Currently, postpartum hemorrhage is still the main cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in the world. There is a need for a fast, precise and comprehensive handling effort involving all elements, such as the entire health team including doctors-nurses and families. The form of nursing intervention in postpartum hemorrhage patients can be in the form of nursing treatment or collaboration. The purpose of this review literature is to identify nursing treatment and nursing collaboration in postpartum hemorrhage patients as an effort to prevent maternal death. The writing method uses literature reviews by summarizing 10 articles publicated in 2019, 2020 and 2021 in 4 search data bases including Sciencedirect, Scopus, Proquest and Thompson. The review guidelines used are based on Prisma and the Joanna Briggs Institutute. The level of eligibility is identified through the title, abstract, research methodology and full text. The results of the reviews found are presented in a narrative form. The results of the review study found that there were 10 articles on postpartum hemorrhage management measures both in the effort of snoring treatment and collaboration including: optimizing the competence of service providers based on E_Learning , foot reflexology since the 4th stage of labor, 800 mcg sublingual Misoprostol, the use of the Digital Postpartum Hemorrhage Management Device ( DPHMD), bilateral-contralateral cervical clamps, suction tube uterine tampons, bilateral hypogastric artery (BHAL), evaluation of Shock Index, Carbetocin drugs and administration of Tranexamic acid 1 gram IV within 10 minutes of vaginal delivery. The conclusion of this review literature is that nursing treatment and nursing collaboration are proven to have a positive impact as an effort to prevent death in postpartum hemorrhage patients.
System of Time Fractional Models for COVID-19: Modeling, Analysis and Solutions
Authors: Iyiola Olaniyi Samuel , Oduro Bismark , Zabilowicz Trevor , Iyiola Bose , Kenes Daniel
Published: April 2021

The emergence of the COVID-19 outbreak has caused a pandemic situation in over 210 countries. Controlling the spread of this disease has proven difficult despite several resources employed. Millions of hospitalization and deaths have been observed, and thousands of cases daily with many measures in place. Due to the complex nature of COVID-19, we proposed a system of time-fractional equations to understand the transmission of the disease better. Nonlocality involved in the model has made fractional differential equations appropriate for modeling the behavior. However, solving these types of models is computationally demanding. Our proposed generalized compartmental COVID-19 model incorporates effective contact rate, transition rate (from exposed quarantine and recovered to susceptible and infected quarantined individuals), quarantine rate, disease-induced death rate, natural death rate, natural recovery rate, recovery rate of quarantine infected for a holistic study of the coronavirus disease. A detailed analysis of the proposed model is carried out, including the existence and uniqueness of solutions, local and global stability analysis of the disease-free equilibrium analysis, and sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, numerical solutions of the proposed model are obtained with the generalized Adam-Bashforth-Moulton method developed for the fractional order model. Our analysis and solutions profile show that each of these incorporated parameters is very important in controlling the spread of COVID-19, especially quarantining exposed and infected individuals and the effective contact rate. Based on the results with different fractional order, we observe that there seems to be a third or even fourth wave of the spike in cases of COVID-19, which is what is happening right now in many countries.
Smart Water Grid Research Group Project: An Introduction to the Smart Water Grid Living-Lab Demonstrative Operation in YeongJong Island, Korea
Authors: Koo Kang Min , Han Kuk Heon , Jun Kyung Soo , Lee Gyu , Yum Kyung Taek
Published: April 2021

In South Korea, in line with the increasing need for a reliable water supply following the continuous increase in water demand, the Smart Water Grid Research Group (SWGRG) was officially launched in 2012. With the vision of providing water welfare at a national level, SWGRG incorporated information and communications technology in its water resource management, aiming at the development of core technologies for a Smart Water Grid consisting of intelligent microgrids and a demonstration and tests of the developed technologies through a field operation in a living lab. The living lab was built in Block 112 of YeongJong Island, Incheon, South Korea (area of 17.4 km2, population of 8,000), where Incheon International Airport, a hub of Northeast Asia, is located. In this location, water is supplied through a single submarine pipeline, making the place optimal for responses to water crises and the construction of a water supply system during emergencies. From 2017 to 2019, ultrasonic wave type smart water meters and IEEE 802.15.4g advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) networks were installed at 527 sites of 958 consumer areas in the living lab, and core element technologies (intelligent water source management and distribution system, smart water distribution network planning/control/operation strategy establishment, AMI network and device development, integrated management of bi-directional smart water information), and operation solutions (smart water statistics information, real-time demand-supply analysis, decision support system, real-time hydraulic pipeline network analysis, smart DB management, and water information mobile application) were developed through a field operation and testing.
Seven Ambiguities in Explaining the Human Memory System in the Principles of Neural Science Book
Authors: Batouli Seyed Amir Hossein
Published: April 2021

Memory is probably one of the most complex cognitive functions of the human, and in many years, thousands of studies have helped us to better recognize this brain function. One of the reference textbooks in neuroscience, which has also elaborated on the memory function, is written by Prof. Kandel and his colleagues. In this book, I encountered a number of ambiguities when it was explaining the memory system. Here, I am sharing those points, either to find an answer for them, or to let them be a suggestion for our future works. Prof. Kandel has spent most of his meritorious lifetime on studying the memory system; however, the brain is extremely complex, and as a result, we still have many years to comprehensively understand the neural mechanisms of brain functions.
Supercritical CO2 Binary Mixtures for Recompression Brayton s-CO2 Power Cycles Coupled to Solar Thermal Energy Plants
Authors: Tafur-Escanta Paul , Valencia-Chapi Robert , López-Paniagua Ignacio , Coco-Enríquez Luis , Muñoz-Antón Javier
Published: April 2021

In this work, an evaluation and quantification of the impact of using mixtures based on Supercritical Carbon Dioxide "s-CO2" (s-CO2/COS, s-CO2/H2S, s-CO2/NH3, s-CO2/SO2) are made as a working fluid in simple and complex recompression Brayton s-CO2 power cycles configurations that have pressure drops in their components. These cycles are coupled to a solar thermal plant with parabolic-trough collector (PTC) technology. The methodology used in the calculation performance is to establish values of the heat recuperator total conductance (UAtotal) between 5 and 25 MW/K. The main conclusion of this work is that the cycle's efficiency has improved due to s-CO2 mixtures as working fluid; this is significant compared to that obtained using the standard fluid (pure s-CO2). Furthermore, a techno-economic analysis is carried out that compares each configuration's costs using pure s-CO2 and a mixture of s-CO2/COS with a molar fraction (70/30) respectively as working fluid where relevant results are obtained. These results show that the best configuration in terms of thermal efficiency and cost is the RCC-RH for pure sCO2 with values ​​of 41.25% and 2811 $/kWe, while for the mixture sCO2/COS, the RCC-2RH configuration with values ​​of 45, 05% and 2621 $/kWe is optimal. Using the mixture costs 6.75% less than if it is used the standard fluid (s-CO2).
Estimating Sea Surface pCO2 in the North Atlantic based on CatBoost
Authors: Sun Hongwei , Chen Yihui , Li Lin , Chen Yihui
Published: April 2021

Sea surface partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) is a critical parameter in the quantification of air-sea CO2 flux, which plays an important role in calculating the global carbon budget and ocean acidification. In this study, we use chlorophyll-a concentration (Chla), sea surface temperature (SST), absorption due to dissolved and particulate detrital matter (Adg), diffuse attenuation coefficient of downwelling irradiance at 490nm (Kd) and mixed layer depth (MLD) as input data for retrieving the sea surface pCO2 in the North Atlantic based on a remote sensing empirical approach with the Categorical Boosting (CatBoost) algorithm. The results show that the root mean square error (RMSE) is 8.25μatm, the mean bias error (MAE) is 4.92μatm and the coefficient of determination (R2) can reach 0.946 in the validation set, which mean that the CatBoost model makes an improvement compared to other models in the published studies. In the further analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of the sea surface pCO2 in the North Atlantic, it can be found that the North Atlantic sea surface pCO2 has a clear trend with latitude variations and have strong seasonal changes. Furthermore, the sea surface pCO2 in this area is mainly affected by sea temperature and salinity, and influenced by biological activities in some sub-regions.
Comparison of Antioxidant Properties of Dehydrolutein with Lutein and Zeaxanthin, and their Effects on Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells
Authors: Rozanowska Malgorzata , Czuba-Pelech Barbara , Landrum John T. , Rozanowski Bartosz
Published: April 2021

Dehydrolutein accumulates in substantial concentrations in the retina. The aim of this study was to compare antioxidant properties of dehydrolutein with other retinal carotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthin, and their effects on ARPE-19 cells. The time-resolved detection of characteristic singlet oxygen phosphorescence was used to compare the singlet oxygen quenching rate constants of dehydrolutein, lutein, and zeaxanthin. The effects of these carotenoids on photosensitized oxidation were tested in liposomes, where photooxidation was induced by light in the presence of photosensitizers, and monitored by oximetry. To compare the uptake of dehydrolutein, lutein, and zeaxanthin, ARPE-19 cells were incubated with carotenoids for up to 19 days, and carotenoid contents were determined by spectrophotometry in cell extracts. To investigate the effects of carotenoids on phototocytotoxicity, cells were exposed to light in the presence of rose bengal or all-trans-retinal. The results demonstrate that the rate constants for singlet oxygen quenching are 0.77x1010, 0.55x1010, and 1.23x1010 M-1s-1 for dehydrolutein, lutein and zeaxanthin, respectively. Overall, dehydrolutein is similar to lutein or zeaxanthin in protection of lipids against photosensitized oxidation. ARPE-19 cells accumulate substantial amounts of both zeaxanthin and lutein but no detectable amounts of dehydrolutein. Cells pre-incubated with carotenoids are equally susceptible to photosensitized damage as cells without carotenoids. Carotenoids provided to cells together with the extracellular photosensitizers offer partial protection against photodamage. In conclusion, the antioxidant properties of dehydrolutein are similar to lutein and zeaxanthin. The mechanism responsible for its lack of accumulation in ARPE-19 cells deserves further investigation.
Heat Stress in Broiler Chickens and the Effect of Dietary Polyphenols, with Special Reference to Willow (Salix spp.) Bark Supplements - A Review
Authors: Saracila Mihaela , Panaite Tatiana Dumitra , Papuc Camelia Puia , Criste Rodica Diana
Published: April 2021

Over the last decade, there has been a growing interest in the use of a wide range of phytoadditives to counteract the harmful effects of heat stress in poultry. Willow (Salix spp.) is a tree with a long history. Among various forms, willow bark is an important natural source of salicin, β-O-glucoside of saligenin, but also of polyphenols (flavonoids and condensed tannins) with antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity. In light of this, the current review presents some literature data aiming to: (1) describe the relationship between heat stress and oxidative stress in broilers, (2) present or summarize literature data on the chemical composition of Salix species, (3) summarize the mechanisms of action of willow bark in heat-stressed broilers, (4) present different biological effects of the extract of Salix species in different experimental models.
Balanced Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses Targeting Multiple Antigens in Adults Receiving a Quadrivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine
Authors: Yu Esther Dawen , Grifoni Alba , Sutherland Aaron , Voic Hannah , Wang Eric , Frazier April , Jimenez-Truque Natalia , Yoder Sandra , Welsh Sabrina , Wooden Stacey , Koff Wayne , Creech Buddy , Sette Alessandro , Antunes Ricardo da Silva
Published: April 2021

The role of T cell immunity has been acknowledged in recent vaccine development and evaluation. We tested the humoral and cellular immune responses to Flucelvax®, a quadrivalent inactivated seasonal influenza vaccine containing two influenza A (H1N1 Singapore/GP1908/2015 IVR-180 and H3N2 North Carolina/04/2016) and two influenza B (Iowa/06/2017 and Singapore/INFTT-16-0610/2016) virus strains, using peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by pools of peptides overlapping all the individual influenza viral protein components. Baseline reactivity was detected against all four strains both at the level of CD4 and CD8 responses and targeting different proteins. CD4 T cell reactivity was mostly directed to HA/NA proteins in influenza B strains, and NP/M1/M2/NS1/NEP proteins in the case of the Influenza A strains. CD8 responses to both influenza A and B viruses preferentially targeted the more conserved core viral proteins. Following vaccination, both CD4 and CD8 responses against the various influenza antigens were increased in day 15 to day 91 post vaccination period and maintained a Th1 polarized profile. Importantly, no vaccine interference was detected, with the increased responses balanced across all 4 included viral strains for both CD4 and CD8 T cells, and targeting HA and multiple additional viral antigens.
The Entropy Production of Galaxies
Authors: Parker Michael C. , Jeynes Chris
Published: April 2021

Double-spiral galaxies are common in the Universe. It is known that the logarithmic double spiral is a Maximum Entropy geometry and represents spiral galaxies well. It is also known that the virial mass of such a galaxy can be approximately determined from the entropy of its central supermassive black hole. But over time the black hole must accrete mass, and therefore the overall galactic entropy must increase. From the associated entropic Euler-Lagrange equation (forming the basis of the Principle of Least Exertion, and also enabling the application of Nöther’s theorem) we show that the galactic entropy production is a conserved quantity, and we derive an appropriate expression for the relativistic entropic Hamiltonian of an idealised spiral galaxy. We generalise Onsager’s celebrated expression for entropy production and demonstrate that galactic entropy production has two parts, one many orders of magnitude larger than the other, and where the smaller is comparable to the Hawking radiation of the central supermassive black hole. We conclude that galaxies cannot be isolated, since even idealised spiral galaxies have non-zero entropy production.
Distribution-Based Entropy Weighting Clustering of Skewed Time Series
Authors: Mattera Raffaele , Giacalone MassimilIano , Gibert Oliveiras Karina
Published: April 2021

The goal of clustering is to identify common structures in a data set by forming groups of homogeneous objects. The observed characteristics of many economic time series have motivated the development of classes of distributions that can accommodate properties such as heavy tails and skewness. Thanks to its flexibility, the Skew Exponential Power Distribution (also called Skew Generalized Error Distribution) ensures a unified and general framework for clustering possibly skewed time series. This paper develop a clustering procedure of model-based type, assuming that the time series are generated by the same underlying probability distribution but with different parameters. Moreover, we propose to optimally combine all the parameter estimates to form the clusters with an entropy weighing k-means approach. The usefulness of the proposal is showed by means of an application to financial time series, showing also how the obtained clusters can be used to form portfolio of stocks.
Classical Chaos Described by a Density Matrix
Authors: Kowalski A.M. , Plastino Angelo , Acosta Gaspar Gonzalez
Published: April 2021

We work with reference to a well-known semiclassical model, in which quantum degrees of freedom interact with classical ones. We show that, in the classical limit, it is possible to represent classical results (e.g., classical chaos) by means a pure-state density matrix.
Depression among the Non-Native International Undergraduate Students Studying Dentistry in Bangladesh
Authors: Kabir Russell , Isha Samia Naz , Chowdhury Mohammad Tawfique Hossain , Siddika Nazeeba , Jahan Shah Saif , Saha Arup Kumar , Nath Sujan Kanti , Jahan Mohammed Shahed , Sivasubramanian Madhini , Mahmud Ilias , Hoque Apu Ehsanul
Published: April 2021

Background Bangladesh has been attracting international students on various subjects in recent times. Every year students from different parts of the world come to study undergraduate and postgraduate courses, mostly at private universities in Bangladesh. This study evaluates the depression status among international students who are studying dentistry in Bangladesh. Methods This cross-sectional survey was conducted among International undergraduate dental students who enrolled in the Bachelor of Dental Surgery program in nine public and private dental colleges in Bangladesh. A total of 206 students completed the survey, and CES-D 10 items Likert scale questionnaire was used for data collection. The Cronbach alpha for CES-D 10 scale items for this population is 0.812. Results The majority of the students (79.5%) are below 24 years of age, and students who cannot communicate well in Bengali (Bangla), about 60% of them have experienced depression. About 77.3% (p< 0.00) of the international students having financial difficulties exhibited depression. The international students who went through financial problems were two times more likely to suffer from depression (OR=2.38; p-value <0.01). Conclusion This study tried to highlight the struggles faced by international students in Bangladesh studying dentistry. It is evident from the findings that several factors influence students' mental well-being during demanding dental education years.
Management of Proximal Pole Scaphoid Nonunions
Authors: Wagner Eric R. , Spencer Corey C. , Dawes Alexander M. , Gottschalk Michael B. , Daly Charles A.
Published: April 2021

» Optimal management of nonunions of the proximal pole of the scaphoid is controversial and dependent on many patient and pathophysiologic considerations.

» If the proximal pole subchondral bone support is sufficient, options include open reduction and internal fixation, either alone or in combination with autologous nonvascularized or vascularized bone graft.

» If the proximal pole is not salvageable, replacement with osteochondral autografts or osteochondral flaps is the only option for reconstruction of the native anatomy.
Rehabilitation Following Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction in Overhead-Throwing Athletes
Authors: Bogdanov Jacob M. , Bolia Ioanna K. , Benvegnu Neilen , Michener Lori A. , Weber Alexander E. , Petrigliano Frank A.
Published: April 2021

» The prevalence of ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injury and UCL reconstruction (UCL-R) continues to rise, causing morbidity in overhead-throwing athletes.

» Postoperative rehabilitation protocols are essential for proper healing of the reconstructed ligament and safely returning athletes to competition, yet there is no uniformly accepted standard of care.

» UCL-R rehabilitation has traditionally been guided by expert opinion and conventional wisdom rather than scientific studies, resulting in substantial variability in rehabilitation practices, time to return to play, and outcomes.

» Current research efforts aim to closely investigate the biomechanical implications of UCL-R and overhead throwing to better guide rehabilitation and to improve competitive performance and outcomes.

» Additional biomechanical and scientific studies on rehabilitation modalities and timing are warranted for systematic analysis, optimization, and standardization of UCL-R rehabilitation.
A qualitative exploration of the trajectory of help seeking among Asian American breast cancer survivors
Authors: Hwang Jane , Peregrina Hillary Nicole , Maglalang Dale Dagar , Yoo Grace J.
Published: April 2021

Breast cancer rates among Asian American women are increasing. Despite this, there are limited studies on help-seeking and social support in this population. This paper examines qualitatively the trajectory of help-seeking among Asian American breast cancer survivors. A subsample of Asian American women (n = 52) from a larger study of spirituality, quality of life, mood, and social support was examined. To be eligible for the study, participants needed to: 1) have had a diagnosis of breast cancer (Stage 0, I & II) within the past four years, 2) have completed primary treatment, and 3) speak and/or write English, Cantonese, or Spanish. In-depth interviews and surveys were conducted. Key findings illustrate a trajectory of help-seeking among Asian American women diagnosed with early stage breast cancer. Stages in this trajectory move from keeping their diagnosis personal and not asking for help (Phase 0), maintaining their diagnosis personal but asking for help (Phase 1), and sharing their diagnosis to others and are asking for help (Phase 2). Findings illustrate that seeking support is a process for Asian American with breast cancer, with implications for health and service providers who offer social support to this population.
Identification of driving factors of land, water, energy and food (LWEF) nexus resources: A perspective of environmental degradation in Gidabo Watershed, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Wolde Zinabu , Wei Wu , Ketema Haile , Yirsaw Eshetu , Temesegn Habtamu
Published: April 2021

In Ethiopia, land, water, energy, and food (LWEF) nexus resources are under pressure, due to population growth, urbanization and economic growth. However, the impact of these factors are less explored at local scale level. As a result, securing nexus resource is becoming a serious challenge. This necessitates identification of driving factors for sustainable utilization of scarce LWEF nexus resources. Our study provides a systemic look at the driving factor indicator that induces nexus resource degradation. We use Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) to develop indicator weight and Path Analysis Model(PAM) to quantitatively estimates the effect of driving factor indicators on LWEF nexus resources. The result indicates that, social (48%), economic (19%) and policy and institutional changes (14%) are the major nexus resource driving factor indicators. The path analysis result indicates that from social driving factor indicators population growth, and consumption patterns have significant direct effect on LWEF nexus with the path coefficient of 0.15 and 0.089, respectively. Similarly, the potential of LWEF nexus resources is also influenced by the institutional and policy change drivers such as outdated legislation and poor institutional structure with the path coefficient of 0.46 and 0.39, respectively. This implies that population growth and consumption pattern are the leading social drivers, while outdated legislation and poor institutional structure are institutional and policies change drivers which have potential impact on LWEF nexus resources degradation. Similarly, other driving factor indicators (environmental, economic and technological) also affect nexus resources with varying amount. The finding of our study show the benefits of managing identified driving factors for the protection of LWEF nexus resources, which have close link with human health and the environment. In order to alleviate the adverse effects of driving factors, all stake holders need to show permanent individual and collective commitment. Furthermore, we underline the necessity of applying LWEF nexus approaches to manage these drivers, and optimize environmental and social outcomes.
Developing Amharic Sign Language Recognition Model for Amharic Characters Using Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Feyera Isayas , Seid Hussien
Published: April 2021

Hearing-impaired people use Sign Language to communicate with each other as well as with other communities. Usually, they are unable to communicate with normal people. Most of the people without hearing disability do not understand the Sign Language and unable to understand hearing-impaired people. So, they need recognition of Sign Language to text. In this research, a model is optimized for the recognition of Amharic Sign Language to Amharic characters. A convolutional neural network model is trained on datasets gathered from a teacher of Amharic Sign Language. Frame extraction from Amharic Sign Language video, labeling and annotation, XML creation, generate TFrecord, and training models are major general steps followed for developing models to recognize Amharic Sign Language to characters. After training of the neural network is completed, the model is saved for recognition of Sign Language from a video system or from the frame of video. The accuracy of the model is the summation of confidence of individual alphabets correctly recognized divided by the number of alphabets presented for evaluation for Faster R-CNN and SSD. Hence, the mean average accuracy of the Faster R-CNN and Single-Shot Detector is found to be 98. 25% and 96 % respectively. The model is trained and evaluated for the character of the Amharic language. The research will continue to include the remaining words and sentence used in Amharic Sign Language to have a full- edged Sign Language recognition model to a complete system.
A Rare Case of Human Residual Root Myiasis Caused by Clogmia Albipunctata Larvae(Diptera: Psychodidae)
Authors: Liu Ying-jie , Liu Jin-rui , Liu Yun , Chen Juan
Published: April 2021

Background: Clogmia albipunctata is cosmopolitan in distribution. The adult flies can survive and spread outdoors during the temperate seasons while continuously breeding in buildings during the winter months. Because they are non-biting, tiny and quite, most of people do not pay special attention to them. It is the first case reported that Clogmia albipunctata larvae cause human residual root myiasis.Case presentation: In December 2020, a 26-year-old woman was referred from Kaifeng New District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital to the Department of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College of Henan University with chief complaint that two active alive larvae were found in the mouth while brushing her teeth in the morning. The intraoral examination revealed nice oral hygiene and no larvae was found directly. The right second mandibular molar was a residual root and the mucosa above it was mild erythematous and edematous and no bleeding on probing was present. While some 50℃ normal saline was injected in the residual root with syringe, four larvae swarmed out from the residual root. The larvae were observed by naked eyes and light microscope and the larvae were reared. One adult fly was got 11 days later. They were identified as Clogmia albipunctata larvae. Because the patient was in lactation, medication was not recommended. Treatment included the removal of all visible larvae followed by debridement. The patient was followed-up for 1 month and healed. The patient’s residual root myiasis was associated with sleeping with the mouth open and the smell of rotten food in the residual root attracted Clogmia albipunctatus to lay eggs in the residual root.Conclusions: This report implies that even if the oral hygiene is nice in general, the existence of residual roots maybe results in oral myiasis. The myiasis caused by Clogmia albipunctata larvae should be paid attention to. It is necessary to treat residual roots in time.