bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discovering Islamic values: a classical grounded theory approach
Authors: Saneian Zahra Sadat , Tabataba'i-Nasab Seyed Mohammad , Saeida Ardakani Saeid , Khodadadi Masood
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Values are both an effective variable and a powerful stimulus for consumer behavior. Values are different concepts and classifications influenced by factors such as culture and religion in different societies. This paper aims to identify the classification of values in an Islamic country’s context, Iran.

Design/methodology/approach

Iranian dominant values were identified through qualitative analysis and in-depth interviews with 77 interviewees. Grounded theory was used to identify theoretical categories that are derived from the interview data through the use of the constant comparative method.

Findings

The findings revealed three categories of hedonic, utilitarian and Islamic spiritual values, which include 10 types of values. The third value (Islamic spiritual) was identified and defined according to the Iranian Islamic religion and ideology. Interviewees expressed their values, attitudes and behaviors within the framework of their unique value system.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is one of the first articles that pay special attention to Islamic spiritual values as an influential value category in the buying behaviors and intentions of Iranian consumers. Undoubtedly, identifying these values can be an introduction to studying behaviors influenced by values and a powerful tool for managers to predict and evaluate Islamic consumers’ behavior and lifestyles.
Credit default swaps (CDSs): an effective tool to manage credit risk of Indian banks
Authors: Tabassum  , Yameen Mohammad
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Credit default swaps (CDSs) are among the most widely used credit derivatives since their innovation and designed to hedge the credit risk of reference entities. They were exposed after the global financial crisis of 2007–08, and were blamed for its occurrence. This paper aims to describe the fundamental mechanism of CDSs, demonstrating how a CDSs contract works. Further, this study explores the growth of the global and Indian CDS market by taking a holistic perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

An objective-driven descriptive research design is adopted to achieve a rigorous and accurate analysis of the study. Therefore, research papers from high-impact journals have been carefully reviewed to achieve the aim of the study.

Findings

The study shows that CDSs are still in their infancy in India. Banks are the primary market makers and users in the Indian CDSs market; therefore, regulatory authorities must assist them to boost the market. For banks to become more confident, they should gain experience and knowledge from other active CDSs markets around the world.

Originality/value

This study attempts to provide insights into the current state of the global as well as the Indian CDS market. Further, this study suggests approaches for the Indian banking sector to play an active role in the Indian CDSs market.
The impact of supply chain integration on reverse supply chain adoption
Authors: Shaharudin Mohd Rizaimy , Iranmanesh Mohammad , Zailani Suhaiza , Tan Keah Choon , Ghobakhloo Morteza
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of integration capabilities on reverse supply chain (RSC) adoption and, consequently, RSCs' effectiveness. Thus, supply chain (SC) integration capabilities and their types in relation to internal, supplier and customer integration capabilities are investigated.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper a quantitative survey was conducted with Malaysian manufacturers with a certified the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14001 environmental management system. The entire population was utilized through census sampling; 150 useable survey responses were received. The partial least squares technique was used for the data analysis.

Findings

The results indicate that internal integration improves external integration. In addition, supplier and customer integration have a positive direct effect on the adoption of RSC activities. Though internal integration has no significant direct effect on the adoption of RSC activities, it has an indirect impact through both supplier integrative capabilities and customer integrative capabilities.

Practical implications

The findings of this study suggest that the managers of manufacturers whose internal integrative capabilities are the base and whose SC integrative capabilities and external integrative capabilities are reinforcing SC integrative capabilities should adopt RSC activities.

Originality/value

The paper offers in-depth insight into this issue and has shed light on the ambiguities in the literature regarding the role of SC integration in RSC adoption.
Validity and reliability of sustainable supply chain management frameworks in Indian smart manufacturing industries
Authors: Jha Neeraj Kumar , Jasti Naga Vamsi Krishna , Chaganti Phaneendra Kiran , Kota Srinivas , Vijayvargy Lokesh
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) ensures integration of socially, environmentally and economically feasible practices in entire supply chain. SSCM principles can be implemented to improve efficiency and productivity of a system by different attributes of the system. The purpose of this article is to identify the most appropriate existing (SSCM) framework that can be implemented suitably in Indian smart manufacturing industries.

Design/methodology/approach

Validity and reliability analysis on the existing SSCM frameworks was carried out with the help of empirical data collected using questionnaire survey methodology from various Indian smart manufacturing organizations. The empirical data were gathered from various experts from top- and middle-level management in different smart manufacturing organizations across the country. Further, factor analysis was carried on the collected data to estimate the unidimensionality of each SSCM frameworks. Cronbach's alpha value was used to assess reliability of each framework. Subsequently, the frequency distribution analysis was done to obtain familiar elements in the segregated frameworks based on validity and reliability analysis.

Findings

The work observed that only five SSCM frameworks have shown unidimensionality in terms of the elements or constructs. The work further found that these segregated frameworks have not shown sufficiently high level of reliability. Additionally, this work attempted frequency distribution analysis and observed that there were very few elements which were being repeatedly used in numerous frameworks proposed by researchers. Based on the findings of this work, the work concluded that there is acute need of a new SSCM framework for Indian smart manufacturing industries.

Research limitations/implications

This study gathered empirical data from 388 Indian smart manufacturing organizations. Thus, before generalizing the findings of the study across the sectors, there is a possibility of some more explication.

Originality/value

The main purpose of this article is to explore the feasibility of the existing SSCM frameworks in Indian smart manufacturing sector. The study also assumes that the manufacturing managers and executives may have the complete understanding on the existing sustainable manufacturing frameworks and a chance to executing proper suitable framework in the respective manufacturing organization.
Can patient gratitude compensate for depletion from family-to-work conflict in nurses? An experience sampling study
Authors: Zhan Xiaojun , Yang Wei , Guo Yirong , Luo Wenhao
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Nurses' work engagement is critical for the service quality of the hospital. Thus, investigation on the influencing factors of nurses' work engagement has become an important issue. This study addresses this issue by exploring the effect of daily family-to-work conflict (FWC) on next-day work engagement among Chinese nurses.

Design/methodology/approach

The theoretical model was tested using 555 experience sampling data from 61 nurses collected for 10 workdays in China.

Findings

Nurses' daily FWC is associated with their next-day ego depletion. Moreover, increased ego depletion ultimately reduces their next-day work engagement. In addition, a between-individual factor of frequency of perceived patient gratitude mitigates the effect of FWC on ego depletion and the indirect effect on work engagement via ego depletion.

Originality/value

This study is important to the management of health-care organizations as it carries significant implications for theory and practice toward understanding the influence of FWC among nurses. On the one hand, the authors apply the job demands-resources (JD-R) model as the overarching theoretical framework, which contributes to the authors’ understanding of how FWC impairs work engagement. On the other hand, the authors extend extant theoretical models of FWC by identifying the frequency of perceived patient gratitude as an important contextual factor that counteracts the negative effects of FWC among nurses. Moreover, organizations could encourage patients to express their gratitude to nurses by providing more channels, such as thank-you notes, to offer nurses some support for overcoming the destructive effect of FWC.
Competing logics in budgeting in a university setting in Tanzania
Authors: Mkasiwa Tausi
Published: August 2022

Purpose

This study aims to investigate how actors’ responses to competing logics (academic and business logics) in budgetary practices in a university setting in Tanzania were shaped by state pressure, market pressure and organizational characteristics (funding certainty and changes in university ownership) and how actors’ agency was exercised in enacting competing logics.

Design/methodology/approach

The data for this study were collected from interviews, observations, informal discussions and document review. The data analysis processes were guided by institutional logic concepts and the role of actors’ agency.

Findings

The findings demonstrate how academic logic traditionally subsisted in a university setting in which there was funding certainty. Changes in the university’s ownership resulted in funding uncertainty. Market and state pressure increased the intensity of funding uncertainty, which supported business logic. While market logic supported the emergence of business logic, state pressure altered the balance of the competing logics. University actors responded by selective coupling and compartmentalizing where both elements of academic and business logics were enacted. While managers prioritized business logic, academics prioritized academic logic. However, the role of agency was exercised in actors’ responses, subverting both academic and business logics.

Practical implications

Managers should appropriately enact both elements of competing logics to avoid marginalization of some of the core university activities. In addition, profitable business ideas should be considered, identified, planned and implemented successfully. Moreover, there is a need to change the historically contingent and culturally situated environment when enacting competing logics. Furthermore, the state influence on universities should be considered to prevent unnecessary uncertainties in budgetary practices.

Originality/value

The paper demonstrates how selective coupling and compartmentalizing strategies were used by actors to enact both elements of competing logics in budgetary practices in a university setting. It further shows how actors’ agency influenced and subverted competing logics. The paper, thus, responds to the recent calls to investigate the influence of institutional logics on control practices, and the role of actors in strategically handling different logics in developing countries (Damayanthi and Gooneratne, 2017; Argento et al., 2020; Anessi-Pessina et al., 2016; Grossi et al., 2020). It further suggests new analysis of academic and business logics in their context.
Personality trait imprints across generations: small family business context
Authors: Ahmad Zeshan , Sharif Shahbaz , Alrashid Muhammad Ahmad , Nadeem Muhammad
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate how the congruence between predecessor and successor personality traits (PTs) with the values of their small family business (SFB) contributes to a successful succession transition across generations.

Design/methodology/approach

The conceptual model method was employed in this investigation, which describes an entity and identifies issues that should be considered in a study (MacInnis, 2011). It involves a form of theorizing that seeks to create a nomological network around the focal concept, to examine and detail the causal linkages and mechanisms at play (Delbridge and Fiss, 2013).

Findings

Drawing on the trait activation theory (TAT), this study conceptualizes that the congruence of the successor's PTs with those of the predecessor, as well as the values, transitions and nature of the assigned task, activates the successor's PTs and motivates him to work diligently for a successful succession transition while preserving the business's core values established by the founder.

Research limitations/implications

This study is an eye-opener for strategists and SFB predecessors to ponder the successor's PTs disparities across generations. Additionally, it urges them to consider the congruence of SFB's values and nature of operations with the successor's PTs for successful succession transition. Thus, such awareness may contribute to stabilizing the SFB's survival rate.

Originality/value

This study contributed to the existing literature by answering how predecessor’s and successor's PTs congruence and SFB's values and nature of operations congruence with their PTs may contribute to successful succession transition across generations. This study contributed to the TAT by thematically explaining the organizational cues to bridge a relationship between entrepreneurial personality traits (EPT) and succession success of SFBs.
Patient's preference for sacrospinous hysteropexy or modified Manchester operation: A discrete choice experiment
Authors: Schulten Sascha F. M. , Essers Brigitte , Notten Kim J. B. , Enklaar Rosa A. , van Leijsen Sanne A. L. , van Eijndhoven Hugo W. F. , Kluivers Kirsten B. , Weemhoff Mirjam
Published: August 2022

Objective

To investigate women's preference for modified Manchester (MM) or sacrospinous hysteropexy (SH) as surgery for uterine prolapse.

Design

Labelled discrete choice experiment (DCE).

Setting

Eight Dutch hospitals.

Population

Women with uterine prolapse, eligible for primary surgery and preference for uterus preservation.

Methods

DCEs are attribute‐based surveys. The two treatment options were labelled as MM and SH. Attributes in this survey were treatment success ( levels SH: 84%, 89%, 94%; levels MM: 89%, 93%, 96%), dyspareunia (levels: 0%, 5%, 10%), cervical stenosis (levels: 1%, 6%, 11%) and severe buttock pain (levels: 0%, 1%). A different combination of attribute levels was used in each choice set. Women completed nine choice sets, making a choice based on attribute levels. Data were analysed in multinomial logit models.

Main outcome measures

Women's preference for MM or SH.

Results

137 DCEs were completed (1233 choice sets). SH was chosen in 49% of the choice sets, MM in 51%. Of all women, 39 (28%) always chose the same surgery. After exclusion of this group, 882 choice sets were analysed, in which women preferred MM, likely associated with a labelling effect, i.e. description of the procedure, rather than the tested attributes. In that group, MM was chosen in 53% of the choice sets and SH in 47%. When choosing MM, next to the label, dyspareunia was relevant for decision‐making. For SH, all attributes were relevant for decision‐making.

Conclusions

The preference of women for MM or SH seems almost equally divided. The variety in preference supports the importance of individualised healthcare.
Effects of chronic cocaine and ethanol self‐administration on brain dopamine receptors in a rhesus monkey model of polysubstance abuse
Authors: Say Felicity M. , Tryhus Aaron M. , Epperly Phillip M. , Nader Susan H. , Solingapuram Sai Kiran K. , George Brianna E. , Kirse Haley A. , Czoty Paul W.
Published: August 2022

Most individuals with cocaine use disorder also use alcohol; however, little is known about the behavioural and pharmacological mechanisms that promote co‐abuse. For example, although studies in humans and animals have documented that chronic use of either alcohol or cocaine alone decreases D2‐like receptor (D2R) availability, effects of co‐abuse of these substances on dopamine receptor function have not been characterized. These studies examined the effects of long‐term cocaine self‐administration in 12 male rhesus monkeys who also consumed either ethanol or an ethanol‐free solution each day (n = 6 per group). Specifically, all monkeys self‐administered cocaine (0.1 mg/kg per injection) 5 days per week in the morning. In the afternoon, six monkeys consumed 2.0 g/kg ethanol over 1 h to model binge drinking and six monkeys drank an ethanol‐free solution. Assessment of D2R availability using positron emission tomography (PET) and [11C]raclopride occurred when monkeys were drug‐naïve and again when monkeys had self‐administered approximately 400‐mg/kg cocaine. D3R function was assessed at the same time points by determining the potency of the D3R‐preferring agonist quinpirole to elicit yawns. Chronic cocaine self‐administration decreased D2R availability in subregions of the basal ganglia in control monkeys, but not those that also drank ethanol. In contrast, D3R sensitivity increased significantly after chronic cocaine self‐administration in ethanol‐drinking monkeys but not controls. These results suggest that co‐use of ethanol substantially changes the effects of chronic cocaine self‐administration on dopamine receptors, specifically implicating D3R as a target for medications in these individuals.
Sodium acamprosate and calcium exert additive effects on nucleus accumbens dopamine in the rat
Authors: Ademar Karin , Adermark Louise , Söderpalm Bo , Ericson Mia
Published: August 2022

Acamprosate (Campral® – calcium‐bis[N‐acetylhomotaurinate]) is one of few available pharmacotherapies for individuals suffering from alcohol use disorder. Previously, we suggested that acamprosate reduces ethanol intake by increasing dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (nAc), thereby partly substituting for alcohol's dopamine releasing effect. An experimental study suggested the calcium moiety of acamprosate to be the active component of the drug and to mediate the relapse preventing effect. The aim of the present study was to, by means of reversed in vivo microdialysis, elucidate if the dopamine elevating properties of acamprosate are mediated by N‐acetylhomotaurine or by the calcium moiety. Male rats were equipped with a microdialysis probe in the nAc and received acute local treatment with regular acamprosate (CaAcamp 0.5 mM), calcium chloride (CaCl2 0.5 mM), sodium acamprosate (NaAcamp 0.5–1 mM), the glycine receptor (GlyR) antagonist strychnine (Stry 20 μM), or vehicle. In all experiments, extracellular levels of dopamine and taurine were examined. We found that local perfusion with both CaAcamp and CaCl2 increased dopamine levels in a GlyR‐dependent manner. NaAcamp did not influence dopamine levels, but concomitant administration with CaCl2 resulted in an additive dopamine output compared to the drugs administrated alone. We also found CaAcamp and the combination of CaCl2 and NaAcamp to increase accumbal taurine levels, suggesting that CaAcamp may act indirectly on GlyRs via taurine release. The present results indicate that both N‐acetylhomotaurine and the calcium moiety of acamprosate have dopamine elevating properties within the nAc and that, in this respect, these substances are beneficial in combination.
Effects of traditional and novel proteolytic agents on tissue dissolution and dentine microhardness
Authors: Jacob Shwetha Elizabeth , Prasad Niharika , Dutta Sreya , Kumblekar Vasavi , Natarajan Srikant , Jayaprakash Kukkila , Thomas Manuel Sebastian
Published: August 2022

The study aimed to evaluate the tissue‐dissolving ability of papain and bromelain with respect to that of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) at the temperatures of 25°C and 60°C. The study also assessed the effects of these proteolytic agents on radicular dentine microhardness. Warming NaOCl, papain and bromelain solutions resulted in significant tissue dissolution at all time intervals (p < 0.001). At 60°C, bromelain showed significantly higher tissue weight loss at every time interval when compared to NaOCl (p < 0.001). All of the three organic tissue dissolvents reduced the microhardness at 1 hr when compared to their respective baseline values. The reduction in microhardness from the baseline reading was statistically significant only in the papain group at 30 min (p = 0.018) and at 60 min (p = 0.03) when compared to the control group. Hence it was concluded that bromelain exerted superior tissue dissolution action, especially when warmed, with minimal effect on dentine microhardness.
Molecular basis and targeted therapies for radioiodine refractory thyroid cancer
Authors: Yu Qiuxiao , Zhang Xuwen , Li Li , Zhang Chi , Huang Jian , Huang Wenting
Published: August 2022

Patients diagnosed with radioiodine refractory thyroid cancer (RAIR‐TC) are not amenable to novel 131I therapy due to the reduced expression of sodium iodide symporter (Na+/I‐ symporter, NIS) and/or the impairment of NIS trafficking to the plasma membrane. RAIR‐TC patients have a relatively poor prognosis with a mean life expectancy of 3–5 years, contributing to the majority of TC‐associated mortality. Identifying RAIR‐TC patients and selecting proper treatment strategies remain challenging for clinicians. In this review, we demonstrate the updated clinical scenarios or the so‐called “definitions” of RAIR‐TC suggested by several associations based on 131I uptake ability and tumor response post‐131I therapy. We also discuss current knowledge of the molecular alterations involved in membrane‐localized NIS loss, which provides a preclinical basis for the development of targeted therapies, in particular, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), redifferentiation approaches, and immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Malignant pericardial effusions: A retrospective look at etiology and prognosis in a tertiary oncological center
Authors: Quirk Thomas , Yao Yao , Sverdlov Aaron , Murch Stuart
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Cancer and the associated treatments are important causes of pericardial effusion. However, the natural history of malignant pericardial effusion is largely unknown, especially in the context of newer cancer treatments. We investigated the causes of pericardial effusions in a tertiary oncology center, with particular focus on the prognosis of malignant effusions in the era of contemporary oncological therapies.

Method

We obtained data from electronic medical records. Survival analyses were performed utilizing the Kaplan–Meier method. We performed Cox regression to explore the potential clinical factors associated with survival.

Results

Forty‐four patients had pericardial effusion treated with pericardiocentesis during the study period. The mean age was 62‐years, and 55% were female. Sixty‐eight percent of these patients also had cancer, with approximately half (47%) receiving prior chemotherapy, and a quarter (27%) having had chest radiotherapy. Seventy percent of the patients with active cancer had malignant cells on cytology of pericardial fluid. The median survival of the cohort was 227 days, with malignant effusions having a median survival of 62‐days compared to nonmalignant effusions with 1408 days (Logrank statistic 7.4, p‐value .007). Malignant cytology was significantly associated with mortality on univariable analysis (HR 2.5, 95% CI 1.2–5.3). Complication rates were low, with no deaths as a direct complication of pericardiocentesis.

Conclusion

Malignancy is the most common cause of pericardial effusion in this tertiary medical and oncological center. Abnormal cytology with malignant cells has a poor median survival, despite advances in oncological treatment over the last decade. Pericardiocentesis is a safe procedure for these patients.
Decoding Australia's China threat narrative during 2016–2021
Authors: Liu Kerry
Published: August 2022

Australia–China relations began to sour in 2016, and the China threat narrative began to dominate since then. Unlike previous studies which either use a qualitative approach or cross‐sectional dataset for empirical analysis, this study creatively creates high‐frequency weekly and monthly time series datasets using the Google Trends search results during January 2016–February 2021. Based on a series of time series modellings, this study examines the roles of various actors, including China's own policies, the Australian Strategic Policy Institute and Clive Hamilton, various factors, including Chinese purchase of Australian housing, Chinese investment in Australia, Chinese students in Australia and China's rise and various media outlets, including the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, Australian Financial Review, Sydney Morning Herald, Daily Telegraph and Herald Sun, in contributing to Australia's China threat narrative. This study makes significant contributions to academia in methods by bringing a new quantitative approach to international relations studies and to policy‐makers as well by quantifying the roles of various actors, factors and media outlets in Australia's China policy debate.
A case of intestinal malrotation apparent after laparoscopically total proctocolectomy followed by ileal‐pouch‐anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis
Authors: Ichikawa Hidetaka , Ohnuma Shinobu , Imoto Hirofumi , Kageyama Sakiko , Kobayashi Minoru , Kajiwara Taiki , Karasawa Hideaki , Kohyama Atsushi , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Tanaka Naoki , Kamei Takashi , Unno Michiaki
Published: August 2022

Intestinal malrotation (IM) is an abnormality due to a failure of the normal midgut rotation and fixation. We report a case of 46‐year‐old man with ulcerative colitis whose IM was apparent after laparoscopically total proctocolectomy (TPC) followed by ileal‐pouch‐anal anastomosis (IPAA) and ileostomy. There was no abnormal anatomy except for mobile cecum/ascending colon during the initial operation. Intestinal obstruction occurred after ileostomy closure. The computed tomography scan showed the duodeno‐jejunal transition was located in right abdomen, the superior mesenteric vein was located left of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and the obstruction point was the distal ileum near the pouch. We performed an ileo‐ileo bypass across the ventral side of the SMA to relieve the intestinal obstruction. The patient would have incomplete IM preoperatively, which became apparent by TPC. In case of TPC for mobile colon, anatomy of small intestine should be checked before IPAA.
A population pharmacokinetic model based on HPTN 077 of long‐acting injectable cabotegravir for HIV PrEP
Authors: Yu Yifan , Bigos Kristin L. , Marzinke Mark A. , Landovitz Raphael J. , McCauley Marybeth , Ford Susan , Hendrix Craig W. , Bies Robert R. , Weld Ethel D. ,   the HPTN 077 Study Team
Published: August 2022

Aims

Cabotegravir delivered as a long‐acting intramuscular injection has shown superior efficacy to oral tenofovir‐emtricitabine as pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV. Cabotegravir pharmacokinetics (PK), like those of other long‐acting depot preparations, exhibit variability between individuals and between injection occasions. The aim of this study is to describe the population pharmacokinetics of long‐acting cabotegravir (CAB‐LA).

Methods

Using available PK measurements from 133 participants in the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 077 trial, we analysed CAB‐LA PK data using nonlinear mixed‐effects modelling to develop a population PK model.

Results

A two‐compartment model with first order absorption best described the CAB‐LA PK. The analysis identified between‐occasion variability (BOV, i.e., differences in PK within one individual from one injection to the next) as a significant covariate affecting the absorption rate, with an estimated contribution of BOV to PK variability on the absorption rate (ka) of 38.5%. Sex and body weight were identified as significant covariates influencing the absorption rate and apparent clearance of CAB‐LA after intramuscular injection at various doses and frequencies. Male participants had 67% higher ka than female participants. Serially adding to the model body weight on clearance, sex on ka, and BOV on ka led to a decrease in the objective function value (OFV) of 24.4, 36 and 321.4, respectively.

Conclusion

The public availability of this model will facilitate and enable a wide variety of future clinically relevant simulations to inform the optimal use of CAB‐LA.
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 overexpression mediates ALK inhibitor resistance in ALK‐rearranged non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Sakashita Takuya , Yanagitani Noriko , Koike Sumie , Low Siew‐Kee , Takagi Satoshi , Baba Satoko , Takeuchi Kengo , Nishio Makoto , Fujita Naoya , Katayama Ryohei
Published: August 2022

The rearrangement of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) occurs in 3%‐5% of patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and confers sensitivity to ALK–tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). For the treatment of patients with ALK‐rearranged NSCLC, various additional ALK‐TKIs have been developed. Ceritinib is a second‐generation ALK‐TKI and has shown great efficacy in the treatment of patients with both newly diagnosed and crizotinib (a first‐generation ALK‐TKI)‐refractory ALK‐rearranged NSCLC. However, tumors can also develop ceritinib resistance. This may result from secondary ALK mutations, but other mechanisms responsible for this have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we explored the mechanisms of ceritinib resistance by establishing ceritinib‐resistant, echinoderm microtubule‐associated protein‐like 4 (EML4)‐ALK–positive H3122 cells and ceritinib‐resistant patient‐derived cells. We identified a mechanism of ceritinib resistance induced by bypass signals that is mediated by the overexpression and activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3). FGFR3 knockdown by small hairpin RNA or treatment with FGFR inhibitors was found to resensitize the resistant cells to ceritinib in vitro and in vivo. FGFR ligands from either human serum or fetal bovine serum were able to activate FGFR3 and induce ceritinib resistance. A detailed analysis of ceritinib‐resistant patient‐derived specimens confirmed that tyrosine‐protein kinase Met (cMET) amplification induces ceritinib resistance. Amplified cMET counteractivated EGFR and/or Her3 and induced ceritinib resistance. These results reveal multiple ceritinib resistance mechanisms and suggest that ceritinib resistance might be overcome by identifying precise resistance mechanisms.
Primary implant stability based on alternative site preparation techniques: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yu Xinbo , Chang Cheng , Guo Wennan , Wu Yiqun , Zhou Wenjie , Yu Dedong
Published: August 2022

Aim

To evaluate the effect of special implant site preparation methods in improving primary implant stability in low‐density bone.

Material and Methods

This meta‐analysis included studies published in English and Mandarin Chinese up to March 31, 2022 from MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Wanfang databases. The primary stability of five site preparation methods were measured using implant stability quotient. The random‐effects model was chosen for data analysis. Grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation assessment was adopted as a collective grading of the overall body of evidence.

Results

12 of the 17 studies included in the meta‐analysis were randomized control trials. Three studies investigated osseodensification drilling (OD), eight studies examined osteotome technique (OT), five studies explored piezosurgery (PS), and four studies were conducted on under‐drilling (UD). Meta‐analysis showed a statistically significant increase in primary stability for the OD (mean difference [MD], 10.25; 95% CI: 4.97–15.52; p < 0.001), OT (MD, 6.34; 95% CI: 2.26–10.42; p = 0.002), and UD (MD, 11.43; 95% CI: 5.17–17.68; p < 0.001) groups when compared to the conventional drilling group, while the PS group did not (MD, 1.50; 95% CI: −2.54–5.54; p = 0.47).

Conclusion

Significantly higher primary implant stability was shown in the OD, UD, and OT groups compared to the conventional drilling group. PS displayed the least favorable primary stability and when compared to conventional drilling, was not statistically significant.
Mandibular fractures in aged patients – Challenges in diagnosis
Authors: Kannari Leena , Marttila Emilia , Thorén Hanna , Toivari Miika , Snäll Johanna
Published: August 2022

Background/Aims

Delayed treatment of a mandibular fracture can lead to complications. Therefore, early diagnosis is important. The aim of this study was to clarify the specific features of mandibular fractures in aged patients and the effect of age on possible missed diagnoses.

Material and Methods

Patients aged over 60 years with a recent mandibular fracture were included in the study. The outcome variable was a missed mandibular fracture during the patient's first assessment in the primary health care facility. Predictor variables were age group, categorized as older adults (aged ≥60 and <80 years), elders (aged >80 years), patient's age as a continuous variable and age sub‐group divided into decades. Additional predictor variables were the patient's memory disease and injury associated with intracranial injury. Explanatory variables were gender, injury mechanism, type of mandibular facture, combined other facial fracture, edentulous mandible/maxilla/both, surgical treatment of the mandibular fracture, and scene of injury.

Results

Mandibular fractures were missed in 20.0% of the 135 patients during their first healthcare assessment. Significant associations between missed fractures and age group, gender, fracture type, or injury mechanism were not found. By contrast, memory disorder (p = .02) and site of injury (p = .02) were significantly associated with missed fractures. Fractures were missed more frequently in patients who were in hospital or in a nursing home at the time of injury.

Conclusions

There is an increased risk of undiagnosed mandibular fractures in the aged population. Small injury force accidents may cause fractures in old and fragile individuals. Careful examination is necessary, especially in patients with memory disorder.
Progress report on new antiepileptic drugs: A summary of the Sixteenth Eilat Conference on New Antiepileptic Drugs and Devices (EILAT XVI):II. Drugs in more advanced clinical development
Authors: Bialer Meir , Johannessen Svein I. , Koepp Matthias J. , Levy René H. , Perucca Emilio , Perucca Piero , Tomson Torbjörn , White H. Steve
Published: August 2022

The Sixteenth Eilat Conference on New Antiepileptic Drugs and Devices (EILAT XVI) was held in Madrid, Spain on May 22–25, 2022 and was attended by 157 delegates from 26 countries representing basic and clinical science, regulatory agencies, and pharmaceutical industries. One day of the conference was dedicated to sessions presenting and discussing investigational compounds under development for the treatment of seizures and epilepsy. The current progress report summarizes recent findings and current knowledge for seven of these compounds in more advanced clinical development for which either novel preclinical or patient data are available. These compounds include bumetanide and its derivatives, darigabat, ganaxolone, lorcaserin, soticlestat, STK‐001, and XEN1101. Of these, ganaxolone was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in March 2022 for the treatment of seizures associated with cyclin‐dependent kinase‐like 5 deficiency disorder in patients 2 years of age and older.
An evolutionary look into the history of lentil reveals unexpected diversity
Authors: Guerra‐Garcia Azalea , Haile Teketel , Ogutcen Ezgi , Bett Kirstin E. , von Wettberg Eric J.
Published: August 2022

The characterization and preservation of genetic variation in crops is critical to meeting the challenges of breeding in the face of changing climates and markets. In recent years, the use of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has become routine, allowing us to understand the population structure, find divergent lines for crosses, and illuminate the origin of crops. However, the focus on SNPs overlooks other forms of variation, such as copy number variation (CNVs). Lentil is the third most important cold‐season legume and was domesticated in the Fertile Crescent. We genotyped 324 accessions that represent its global diversity, and using both SNPs and CNVs, we dissected the population structure and genetic variation, and identified candidate genes. Eight clusters were detected, most of them located in or near the Fertile Crescent, even though different clusters were present in distinct regions. The cluster from South Asia was particularly differentiated and presented low diversity, contrasting with the clusters from the Mediterranean and the northern temperate. Accessions from North America were mainly assigned to one cluster and were highly diverse, reflecting the efforts of breeding programs to integrate variation. Thirty‐three genes were identified as candidates under selection and among their functions were sporopollenin synthesis in pollen, a component of chlorophyll B reductase that partially determines the antenna size, and two genes related to the import system of chloroplasts. Eleven percent of all lentil genes and 21% of lentil disease resistance genes were affected by CNVs. The gene categories overrepresented in these genes were “enzymes,” “Cell Wall Organization,” and “external stimuli response.” All the genes found in the latter were associated with pathogen response. CNVs provided information about population structure and might have played a role in adaptation. The incorporation of CNVs in diversity studies is needed for a broader understanding of how they evolve and contribute to domestication.
Damage and fracture analyses of wire with V‐shaped microcrack on multi‐pass drawing under back tensions
Authors: Ma Ao , Zhang Yu , Dong Liming , Yan Hua , Fang Feng , Li Zhaoxia
Published: August 2022

Wire breakage has always attracted much attention in drawing. Mastering the mechanism of drawing fracture can effectively improve the quality of steel wire. In this study, the morphology of the fracture samples is analyzed. There are obvious V‐shaped microcracks in the materials by observing the microstructure. Base on the above results, the wire models with V‐shaped microcrack of different inclinations are established via the finite element method (FEM). Besides, the multi‐pass drawing under different back tension is simulated, and the process from crack propagation caused by damage to fracture is realized. The results show that microcrack has a great influence on the drawing fracture, and inclination is a key factor. With the increase of angle, the propagation rate of crack increases accordingly. Meanwhile, back tension will increase the accumulation of damage. The larger the back tension is, the larger the crack path is, which eventually leads to the formation of pen‐tip shaped fracture.
Nitrogen‐based symbioses, phosphorus availability, and accounting for a modern world more productive than the Paleozoic
Authors: Boyce C. Kevin , Ibarra Daniel E. , Nelsen Matthew P. , D'Antonio Michael P.
Published: August 2022

Evolution of high‐productivity angiosperms has been regarded as a driver of Mesozoic ecosystem restructuring. However, terrestrial productivity is limited by availability of rock‐derived nutrients such as phosphorus for which permanent increases in weathering would violate mass balance requirements of the long‐term carbon cycle. The potential reality of productivity increases sustained since the Mesozoic is supported here with documentation of a dramatic increase in the evolution of nitrogen‐fixing or nitrogen‐scavenging symbioses, including more than 100 lineages of ectomycorrhizal and lichen‐forming fungi and plants with specialized microbial associations. Given this evidence of broadly increased nitrogen availability, we explore via carbon cycle modeling how enhanced phosphorus availability might be sustained without violating mass balance requirements. Volcanism is the dominant carbon input, dictating peaks in weathering outputs up to twice modern values. However, times of weathering rate suppression may be more important for setting system behavior, and the late Paleozoic was the only extended period over which rates are expected to have remained lower than modern. Modeling results are consistent with terrestrial organic matter deposition that accompanied Paleozoic vascular plant evolution having suppressed weathering fluxes by providing an alternative sink of atmospheric CO2. Suppression would have then been progressively lifted as the crustal reservoir's holding capacity for terrestrial organic matter saturated back toward steady state with deposition of new organic matter balanced by erosion of older organic deposits. Although not an absolute increase, weathering fluxes returning to early Paleozoic conditions would represent a novel regime for the complex land biota that evolved in the interim. Volcanism‐based peaks in Mesozoic weathering far surpass the modern rates that sustain a complex diversity of nitrogen‐based symbioses; only in the late Paleozoic might these ecologies have been suppressed by significantly lower rates. Thus, angiosperms are posited to be another effect rather than proximal cause of Mesozoic upheaval.
Rapid restructuring of the odontocete community in an ocean warming hotspot
Authors: Thorne Lesley H. , Heywood Eleanor I. , Hirtle Nathan O.
Published: August 2022

Cetaceans are important consumers in marine ecosystems, but few studies have quantified their climate responses. The rapid, directional warming occurring in the Northeast United States (NEUS) provides a unique opportunity to assess climate impacts on cetaceans. We used stranding data to examine changes to the distribution and relative abundance of odontocetes from 1996 to 2020 in both the NEUS and the Southeast United States (SEUS), which is not warming. We conducted simulations to determine the number of stranding events needed to detect a distributional shift for each species given the speed of the shift and the spatial variability in strandings. We compared observed shifts to climate velocity. Smaller sample sizes were needed to detect more rapid poleward shifts, particularly for species with low spatial variability. Poleward shifts were observed in all species with sufficient sample sizes, and shifts were faster than predicted by climate velocity. For species whose trailing edge of distribution occurred in the NEUS, the center of distribution approached the northern limit of the NEUS and relative abundance declined through time, suggesting shifts north out of US waters. The relative abundance of warm water species in the stranding record increased significantly in the NEUS while that of cool water species declined significantly as their distributions shifted north out of the NEUS. Changes in the odontocete community were less apparent in the SEUS, highlighting the importance of regional warming. Observed poleward shifts and changes in species composition suggest a reorganization of the odontocete community in the NEUS in response to rapid warming. We suggest that strandings provide a key dataset for understanding climate impacts on cetaceans given limitations of survey effort and modeling approaches for predicting distributions under rapidly changing conditions. Our findings portend marked changes to the distribution of highly mobile consumer species across international boundaries under continued warming.
Transfiguration, not Transhumanism: Suffering as Human Enhancement
Authors: Kornu Kimbell
Published: August 2022

Transhumanism seeks to transgress the human, regarding finitude and suffering to be fundamental problems that must be overcome by radical bioenhancement technologies. Christianity and transhumanism have been compared as competing deifications via grace and technology, respectively. I argue that the grace of deification is partly accomplished in union with Christ by way of suffering unto divine filiation. First, I explore how the grace of deification is accomplished through suffering, looking at Maximus the Confessor’s dyothelitism. Christ in Gethsemane expresses the fulfilment of divine filiation, aligning Christ’s human will with the divine will. Second, I examine deification in light of Luther’s theologia crucis and how suffering leads to ‘Christosis’. A human’s divine mode of existing is filial and cruciform and thus Christoform. Third, I look at deification and Augustine’s totus Christus. The Church is transfigured into Christoformity as the members of the body suffer with one another in compassion. Taken together, dyothelitism critiques transhumanist exaltation of the will, theologia crucis critiques transhumanist power ontology, and totus Christus as shared suffering critiques transhumanist individualism. I conclude that suffering is transfigured: suffering, not transhumanism, is the way to true human enhancement.
Clinicopathological characteristics of gastric IgG4‐related disease: Systematic scoping review
Authors: Sawada Haruki , Czech Torrey , Silangcruz Krixie , Kozai Landon , Obeidat Adham , Wien Eric Andrew , Nishimura Midori Filiz , Nishikori Asami , Sato Yasuharu , Nishimura Yoshito
Published: August 2022

Background and Aim

Gastric IgG4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD) can mimic malignancy, submucosal tumors (SMT), and ulcers, leading to over‐triage and unnecessary medical interventions such as gastrectomy. The variability in the clinicopathological presentation of IgG4‐related disease is not yet well defined, posing a diagnostic challenge.

Methods

Following the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews, we searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for all peer‐reviewed articles using keywords including “gastritis,” “stomach,” “gastrointestinal stromal tumor,” and “IgG4‐RD” from their inception to December 28, 2021.

Results

Thirty‐nine articles, including 2 observational studies and 42 cases, were included in the systematic review. While bottom‐heavy lymphoplasmacytic mucosal infiltration is a characteristic finding of gastric IgG4‐RD, it was only present in less than half of the patients in the observational studies. Patients with gastric IgG4‐RD were more likely to be diagnosed with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), gastric cancer, or peptic ulcer disease and their clinical course involved resection (51.3%) or even gastrectomy. Diagnosis of gastric IgG4‐RD was most frequently made by post‐operative pathological analysis.

Conclusion

This systematic review summarizes the current understanding of the characteristics of gastric IgG4‐RD. Increased awareness of gastric IgG4‐RD as a differential diagnosis of gastric SMT or ulcers among clinicians is crucial in order to reduce unnecessary high‐risk, invasive interventions.