bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The direct effects of media exposure on behaviors aimed at preventing COVID-19 and its indirect effects as mediated by interpersonal communication: a longitudinal study in Japan
Authors: Okada Hiroko , Okuhara Tsuyoshi , Kiuchi Takahiro
Published: September 2024

Objective

We aimed to examine the direct effects of exposure to media information about infection-preventing behavior and its indirect effects via interpersonal communication at two time points during the pandemic.

Methods

In August 2020 and August 2021, a web-based survey of Japanese people under a declared state of emergency was conducted. We collected sociodemographic data and data on seven types of exposure to media information, three types of exposure to interpersonal communication, and six types of infection-preventing behavior.

Results

A total of 784 participants completed both surveys. Exposure to information in the mass media decreased over the year, while interpersonal communication about COVID-19-related topics increased. The direct effect of exposure to information in the media about preventive behaviors was statistically significant in the pandemic’s early stages, but this was no longer true after 1 year. The indirect effect via interpersonal communication was statistically significant at both time points.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that the influence of media information on infection-preventing behavior during the pandemic was maintained over time as an indirect effect via interpersonal communication. For risk communication media strategies during pandemics, adopting strategies to generate interpersonal communication will have a sustained effect on preventive behavior.
Mixed cropping of Medicago ruthenica-Bromus inermis exhibits higher yield and quality advantages in the Longxi loess plateau region of Northwest China
Authors: Wei Kongtao , Xiang Hang , Liu Yaofeng , Zhang Xuanming , Yu Xiaojun
Published: September 2024

Medicago ruthenica is a promising leguminous forage crop due to its lack of saponins, which prevents bloat in livestock from excessive consumption. Legume/grass mixed cropping is an effective forage planting method widely used in agricultural and pastoral regions. However, there is a lack of research on using legume-grass mixed cropping to establish perennial, high-yield, and high-quality cultivated grasslands in the Longxi Loess Plateau. This study conducted a legume/grass intercropping experiment in the Longxi Loess Plateau region of northwestern China, using Medicago ruthenica and Bromus inermis. Experimental plots were established in 2021, with field sampling and laboratory analysis starting in 2022 and 2023, respectively. The research aimed to investigate the effects of intercropping Medicago ruthenica with Bromus inermis on forage yield and quality, and to determine the optimal intercropping ratios. The experiment tested various intercropping ratios of Medicago ruthenica and Bromus inermis in the fall (2:8, 3:7, 4:6, 5:5, 6:4, 7:3, 8:2), with sole crops of each species serving as controls. Results showed that, in the second and third years of mixed cropping, the forage yield under mixed cropping treatments was significantly higher than that of Medicago ruthenica and Bromus inermis monoculture, with increases of 40.89–70.88% and 13.97–38.22% in the second year, and 131.91–199.13% and 44.06–85.82% in the third year. When the legume proportion in the mixed cropping system was around 30%, competition between the two forages reached equilibrium, demonstrating the benefits of mixed cropping. The crude protein and ether extract content of mixed forage were significantly higher than those of monoculture, while the neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents were significantly lower, indicating a higher feeding value for the mixed forage. The legume proportion was a key factor influencing the yield of mixed forage. In conclusion, a mixed planting ratio of Medicago ruthenica and Bromus inermis at 3:7 resulted in higher yield and nutritional quality, making it an optimal ratio for establishing cultivated forage fields in the Longxi Loess Plateau.
Framework for resilience strategies in agricultural supply chain: assessment in the era of climate change
Authors: Yuan Minqian , Hu Haiqing , Xue Meng , Li Jingyu
Published: September 2024

Climate change is significantly and enduringly impacting global agricultural supply chains (ASCs), underscoring the urgent need to enhance their climate resilience. This study aims to identify key strategies for building agricultural supply chain resilience (ASCRes) in the context of climate change and their interrelationships. Through a comprehensive literature review and expert consultations, a framework of 12 strategies was developed. Using survey data from 312 Chinese ASC companies, BP-DEMATEL-ISM and PLS-SEM methods were employed to conduct causal analysis and factor level evaluation. The results indicate that “diversification of agricultural products and supply chain (SC) networks,” “Agriculture 4.0 and digital transformation,” and “taking proactive climate action” are critical strategies to enhance ASCRes in the context of climate change. These findings can provide theoretical basis for farmers, ASC companies, and governments to cope with the impact of climate change, so as to build more robust ASC systems.
A Comparative Study of Data-Driven Prognostic Approaches under Training Data Deficiency
Authors: Song Jinwoo , Cho Seong Hee , Kim Seokgoo , Na Jongwhoa , Choi Joo-Ho
Published: September 2024

In industrial system health management, prognostics play a crucial role in ensuring safety and enhancing system availability. While the data-driven approach is the most common for this purpose, they often face challenges due to insufficient training data. This study delves into the prognostic capabilities of four methods under the conditions of limited training datasets. The methods evaluated include two neural network-based approaches, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, and two similarity-based methods, Trajectory Similarity-Based Prediction (TSBP) and Data Augmentation Prognostics (DAPROG), with the last being a novel contribution from the authors. The performance of these algorithms is compared using the Commercial Modular Aero-Propulsion System Simulation (CMAPSS) datasets, which are made by simulation of turbofan engine performance degradation. To simulate real-world scenarios of data deficiency, a small fraction of the training datasets from the original dataset is chosen at random for the training, and a comprehensive assessment is conducted for each method in terms of remaining useful life prediction. The results of our study indicate that, while the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model generally outperforms others in terms of overall accuracy, Data Augmentation Prognostics (DAPROG) shows comparable performance in the small training dataset, being particularly effective within the range of 10% to 30%. Data Augmentation Prognostics (DAPROG) also exhibits lower variance in its predictions, suggesting a more consistent performance. This is worth highlighting, given the typical challenges associated with artificial neural network methods, such as inherent randomness, non-intuitive decision-making processes, and the complexities involved in developing optimal models.
An Open-Source Code for High-Speed Non-Equilibrium Gas–Solid Flows in OpenFOAM
Authors: Cao Ziqu , Zhang Xiaofeng , Zhang Yonghe
Published: September 2024

This paper details the development and verification tests of an open-source code named hy2LPTFoam intended for solving high-speed non-equilibrium gas-particle flows in OpenFOAM. The solver, based on hy2Foam for high-speed non-equilibrium gas flow, integrates multiple particle force models, heat transfer models, the diffusion-based smoothing method, and the MPPIC method. The verification tests incorporate interactions between shock waves and particle curtains with varying particle volume fractions, a JPL nozzle generating a two-phase gas–particle flow, and a Mars entry body with two particle inflow mass fractions. The tests yield good physical agreement with numerical and experimental data from the literature.
Fatigue Crack Detection Based on Semantic Segmentation Using DeepLabV3+ for Steel Girder Bridges
Authors: Jia Xuejun , Wang Yuxiang , Wang Zhen
Published: September 2024

Artificial intelligence technology is receiving more and more attention in structural health monitoring. Fatigue crack detection in steel box girders in long-span bridges is an important and challenging task. This paper presents a semantic segmentation network model for this task based on DeepLabv3+, ResNet50, and active learning. Specifically, the classification network ResNet50 is re-tuned using the crack image dataset. Secondly, with the re-tuned ResNet50 as the backbone network, a crack semantic segmentation network was constructed based on DeepLabv3+, which was trained with the assistance of active learning. Finally, optimization for the probability threshold of the pixel category was performed to improve the pixel-level detection accuracy. Tests show that, compared with the crack detection network based on conventional ResNet50, this model can improve MIoU from 0.6181 to 0.7241.
The Effect of a Dual-Layer Coating for High-Capacity Silicon/Graphite Negative Electrodes on the Electrochemical Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Lim Seonghyun , Kim Minjae
Published: September 2024

Silicon-based electrodes offer a high theoretical capacity and a low cost, making them a promising option for next-generation lithium-ion batteries. However, their practical use is limited due to significant volume changes during charge/discharge cycles, which negatively impact electrochemical performance. This study proposes a practical method to increase silicon content in lithium-ion batteries with minimal changes to the manufacturing process by using dual-layer electrodes (DLEs). These DLEs are fabricated with two slurries containing silicon and graphite as active materials. Notably, the electrode with the silicon as the outermost layer on top of the graphite layer (Si-on-top) demonstrated a superior initial capacity of 935 mAh/g and retained 70% of its capacity (537 mAh/g) after 100 cycles at 0.5 C. In contrast, a single-layered electrode (SLE) with a silicon–graphite mixture retained only 50.3% of its capacity (370 mAh/g) under the same conditions. These findings suggest that DLEs, particularly with the silicon layer located on top, effectively increase silicon content in the negative electrode while remaining compatible with existing manufacturing processes. This approach offers a realistic strategy for enhancing the performance of lithium-ion batteries without significant process modifications.
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and Dropout in Diabetic Patients with Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Mohamed-Noriega Karim , González-Arocha Carla Sofía , Morales-Wong Fernando , Velasco-Sepúlveda Braulio Hernán , Rodríguez-Cuevas Jonathan Octavio , Cepeda-Ortegón Gerardo Esteban , Corral-Benavides Sergio Antonio , Martínez-Delgado José Francisco , Mohamed-Noriega Jibran , Fernández-De-Luna Marissa L. , Mohamed-Hamsho Jesús
Published: September 2024

This study aims to compare meibomian gland (MG) dropout and MG dysfunction (MGD) between patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) with moderate–severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and patients with no diabetes (NDM). This prospective, transversal, age, and gender-matched case–control study included 98 DM and 106 NDM eyes. Dry eye disease (DED) and MGD evaluations were performed, including meibography (Keratograph 5M®). The objective MG dropout percentage was obtained by analyzing meibography images with ImageJ software (v. 1.52o, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA) and was subsequently graded with Arita’s meiboscore. The DM duration was 18 ± 9 years. The mean meiboscore (3.8 ± 0.8 vs. 3.4 ± 1.0, p = 0.001), meiboscore severity (p = 0.016), and MG dropout (45.1 ± 0.1% vs. 39.0 ± 0.4%, p < 0.001) were greater in DM than in NDM. All patients showed MG dropout (meiboscore > 1). Lower eyelids showed greater MG dropout in both groups. A correlation with age (r = 0.178, p = 0.014) and no correlations with DM duration or gender (p > 0.005) were observed. Patients with diabetes showed greater corneal staining (1.7 ± 1.3 vs. 0.9 ± 1.1; p < 0.001), reduced corneal sensitivity (5.4 ± 1.1 vs. 5.9 ± 0.4; p < 0.001), lower MG expressibility (3. 9 ± 1.6 vs. 4.4 ± 2.1; p = 0.017), and worse meibum quality (1.9 ± 0.8 vs. 1.7 ± 0.5; p = 0.019). Tear breakup time, osmolarity, MMP-9, Schirmer, and the Ocular Surface Disease Index showed no significant differences. In conclusion, patients with DM with NPDR have greater MG dropout and meiboscore, as well as more severe MGD and DED parameters than persons with NDM.
Exacerbation of Hepatic Damage in Endothelial Aquaporin 1 Transgenic Mice after Experimental Heatstroke
Authors: Yanagisawa Kaoru , Miyamoto Kazuyuki , Wakayama Yoshihiro , Arata Satoru , Suzuki Keisuke , Nakamura Motoyasu , Yamaga Hiroki , Miyazaki Takuro , Honda Kazuho , Dohi Kenji , Ohtaki Hirokazu
Published: September 2024

Heatstroke induces fluid loss and electrolyte abnormalities owing to high ambient temperature (AT) and relative humidity (RH). Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) is a key protein for water homeostasis; however, its role in heatstroke remains unclear. This study examines endothelial AQP1 in Tie2-Cre/LNL-AQP1 double transgenic (dTG) mice with upregulated Aqp1 in endothelial cells. For experimental heatstroke, mice were exposed to 41 °C AT and >99% RH. Blood, brain, kidney, and liver samples were collected 24 h later. Blood was analyzed for electrolytes and tissue damage markers, and organs were examined using morphological and immunohistological staining for 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), AQP1, and Iba-1. No difference in Aqp1 expression was observed in the whole brain; however, it was detected in dTG mice after capillary deprivation. AQP1 immunostaining revealed immunoreaction in blood vessels. After heat exposure, wild-type and dTG mice showed electrolyte abnormalities compared with non-heatstroke wild-type mice. Hepatic damage markers were significantly higher in dTG mice than in wild-type mice. Hematoxylin–eosin staining and 3-NT immunoreactivity in the liver indicated hepatic damage. The number of Iba-1-positive cells adherent to hepatic vasculature was significantly higher in dTG mice than in wild-type mice. This study is the first to suggest that endothelial AQP1 contributes to hepatic damage after heatstroke.
Factors Affecting the Physical Properties of Microbial Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation (MICP) Enhanced Recycled Aggregates
Authors: Zhang Jin , Wang Cong , Wang Zhipeng
Published: September 2024

Microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) can enhance the physical properties of recycled aggregates. Compared to traditional technologies, MICP offers environmental benefits and produces no pollution. However, its mineralization efficacy is significantly influenced by the process parameters. To investigate this, an MICP mineralization test was conducted by manipulating various process parameters throughout the mineralization process. The water absorption rate, apparent density, and calcium carbonate content of the mineralized recycled aggregates were assessed to discern the impact of these parameters on the mineralization outcome. Further analysis using techniques such as thermogravimetric analysis (TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to elucidate the mineralization mechanism of the recycled aggregates at a micro-level. The findings indicated that the MICP treatment induced bacteria to precipitate CaCO3, forming calcite crystalline CaCO3 within the pores and microcracks. This led to a denser interfacial transition zone and, consequently, improved the physical properties of the recycled aggregates. Optimal mineralization was achieved when the bacterial solution concentration was 1.4, the temperature and pH were 35 °C and 9, respectively, and the urea concentration, Ca+ concentration, and mineralization time were 0.5 mol/L, 0.5 mol/L, and 7 days, respectively. Under these conditions, the mineralized recycled aggregate exhibited a 16.07% reduction in water absorption, a 1.07% increase in apparent density, and a 2.28% change in mass.
Low CD8+ Density Variation and R1 Surgical Margin as Independent Predictors of Early Post-Resection Recurrence in HCC Patients Meeting Milan Criteria
Authors: Stulpinas Rokas , Jakiunaite Ieva , Sidabraite Agne , Rasmusson Allan , Zilenaite-Petrulaitiene Dovile , Strupas Kestutis , Laurinavicius Arvydas , Gulla Aiste
Published: September 2024

Our study included 41 patients fulfilling the Milan criteria preoperatively and aimed to identify individuals at high risk of post-resection HCC relapse, which occurred in 18 out of 41 patients (43.9%), retrospectively. We analyzed whole slide images of CD8 immunohistochemistry with automated segmentation of tissue classes and detection of CD8+ lymphocytes. The image analysis outputs were subsampled using a hexagonal grid-based method to assess spatial distribution of CD8+ lymphocytes with regards to the epithelial edges. The CD8+ lymphocyte density indicators, along with clinical, radiological, post-surgical and pathological variables, were tested to predict HCC relapse. Low standard deviation of CD8+ density along the tumor edge and R1 resection emerged as independent predictors of shorter recurrence-free survival (RFS). In particular, patients presenting with both adverse predictors exhibited 100% risk of relapse within 200 days. Our results highlight the potential utility of integrating CD8+ density variability and surgical margin to identify a high relapse-risk group among Milan criteria-fulfilling HCC patients. Validation in cohorts with core biopsy could provide CD8+ distribution data preoperatively and guide preoperative decisions, potentially prioritizing liver transplantation for patients at risk of incomplete resection (R1) and thereby improving overall treatment outcomes significantly.
Biopsychosocial Associates of Psychological Distress and Post-Traumatic Growth among Canadian Cancer Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Zhang Karen M. , Mukherjee Som D. , Pond Gregory , Roque Michelle I. , Meyer Ralph M. , Sussman Jonathan , Ellis Peter M. , Bryant-Lukosius Denise
Published: September 2024

Objective: Understanding both the positive and negative psychological outcomes among cancer patients during the pandemic is critical for planning post-pandemic cancer care. This study (1) examined levels of psychological distress and post-traumatic growth (PTG) among Canadian cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) explored variables that were associated with psychological distress and PTG during the pandemic using a biopsychosocial framework. Method: A cross-section survey was undertaken of patients receiving ongoing care at a regional cancer centre in Ontario, Canada, between February and December 2021. Self-reported questionnaires assessing sociodemographic information, social difficulties, psychological distress (depression, anxiety fear of recurrence, and emotional distress), PTG, illness perceptions, and behavioural responses to the pandemic were administered. Disease-related information was extracted from patient health records. Results: Prevalences of moderate to severe levels of depression, anxiety, fear of recurrence and emotional distress were reported by 26.0%, 21.2%, 44.2%, and 50.0% of the sample (N = 104), respectively. Approximately 43% of the sample reported experiencing high PTG, and these positive experiences were not associated with levels of distress. Social factors, including social difficulties, being female, lower education, and unemployment status were prominent associative factors of patient distress. Perceptions of the pandemic as threatening, adopting more health safety behaviours, and not being on active treatment also increased patient likelihood to experience severe psychological distress. Younger age and adopting more health safety behaviours increased the likelihood of experiencing high PTG. The discriminatory power of the predictive models was strong, with a C-statistic > 0.80. Conclusions: Examining both the positive and negative psychological patient outcomes during the pandemic has highlighted the complex range of coping responses. Interventions that adopt a multi-pronged approach to screen and address social distress, as well as to leverage health safety behaviours, may improve the adjustments in the pandemic aftermath.
Limited Effectiveness of Penicillium camemberti in Preventing the Invasion of Contaminating Molds in Camembert Cheese
Authors: Ollinger Nicole , Malachová Alexandra , Schamann Alexandra , Sulyok Michael , Krska Rudolf , Weghuber Julian
Published: September 2024

Mold-ripened cheese acquires a distinctive aroma and texture from mold cultures that mature on a fresh cheese wheel. Owing to its high moisture content (aw = 0.95) and pliability, soft cheese is prone to contamination. Many contaminating mold species are unable to grow at colder temperatures, and the lactic acid produced by the cheese bacteria inhibits further infiltration. Thus, Camembert cheese is generally well protected against contamination by a wide range of species. In this study, cocultures of Penicillium camemberti and widely distributed mycotoxin-producing mold species were incubated on different types of agars, and purchased Camembert samples were deliberately contaminated with mycotoxin-producing mold species capable of growing at both 25 °C and 4 °C. The production of mycotoxins was then monitored by the extraction of the metabolites and their subsequent measurement by means of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) based targeted metabolite profiling approach. The production of cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) was highly dependent on the species cocultivated with Penicillium camemberti, the temperature and the substrate. Contamination of Camembert cheese with Penicillium chrysogenum, Mucor hiemalis, or Penicillium glabrum induced CPA production at 25 °C. Although mold growth on cheese was not always evident on biofilms for certain cultures, except for Penicillium citrinum, which stained the monosaccharide agar yellow, mycotoxins were detected in many agar and cheese samples, as in all monosaccharide agar samples. In conclusion, cheese should be immediately discarded upon the first appearance of mold.
Novel Insights in the Application of Probiotic Yeast Saccharomyces boulardii in Dairy Products and Health Promotion
Authors: Tomičić Zorica , Šarić Ljubiša , Tomičić Ružica
Published: September 2024

Probiotic organisms are increasingly being incorporated into foods in order to develop products to prevent and reduce many diseases. Saccharomyces boulardii, a probiotic yeast with unique properties, such as viability over a wide pH range, antibiotic resistance, and the ability to reach a steady state, has an advantage over bacterial probiotics. The present review highlights the potential application of S. boulardii in functional fermented dairy products and the genetic engineering of this probiotic microorganism as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of various infectious diseases. It was found that probiotic yeast stimulates the growth of lactic acid bacteria in dairy products, creating favorable conditions and positively affecting the product’s sensory characteristics. Moreover, its viability of more than 106 cfu/mL at the end of the yogurt shelf life confirms its probiotic effect. On the other hand, there is a growing interest in the design of probiotic strains to improve their characteristics and fill existing gaps in their spectrum of action such as the inhibition of some bacterial toxins, as well as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. The strengthening of immune functions and effective therapies against various diseases by S. boulardii was confirmed. However, considering this yeast species’ potential, further research is necessary to accurately determine the functional properties in terms of incorporation into food matrices and from the aspect of health and well-being claims.
Effects of Harvest Time on Grinding Quality, Appearance Quality and Physical and Chemical Quality of Japonica Rice
Authors: Teng Mengnan , Duan Xiaoliang , Feng Ru , Zhang Dong , Guo Weiqun , Sun Hui , Liu Xingquan
Published: September 2024

Harvest time is very important to rice due to its high correlation to rice yield, eating quality, etc.; however, the impact of harvest time on quality is still unclear. In this study, Nangeng 5718, a japonica rice planted in three regions in Jiangsu Province of China, was used to analyze and compare the milling quality, appearance quality, and physicochemical quality of japonica rice at different harvest times. The results showed that the 1000-grain weight of Nangeng 5718 exhibited no significant change at different harvest times (p > 0.05). The brown rice rate and rice yield at different harvest times were 82.3–85.4% and 66.3–76.1%, respectively. Harvest time had no significant effect on the brown of rice (p > 0.05). However, Nangeng 5718 planted in Nanjing had the highest rice yield at 50 days after heading, which was significantly different from that of rice harvested 65 days after heading (p < 0.05). Nangeng 5718 planted in Huai’an had the highest rice yield at 55 days after heading, which was significantly different from that of rice harvested 60 days after heading (p < 0.05). Harvest time had little effect on the length, width, and thickness of rice. The immature grain rate showed a decreasing trend with the increase in maturity. There were little differences in the protein content of Nangeng 5718 at different harvest times. Nangeng 5718 planted in Nanjing had the highest protein content at 50 days after heading. There was a significant difference between the rice harvested and the rice harvested 60 days after heading (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the other two regions (p > 0.05). The accumulated temperature in Nanjing was relatively high, and the RVA curve and RVA eigenvalues of rice varied greatly. The setback value of rice harvested at 50 days was significantly lower than that at 55 days and 60 days (p < 0.05). Rice has good gelatinizing properties. Therefore, timely harvesting and appropriate accumulated temperature could increase 1000-grain weight and rice yield, reduce the immature grain rate, and improve the gelatinization characteristics. Overall, the quality of Nangeng 5718 reached a good level when it was harvested 50 days after heading, with the accumulated temperature reaching 1051 °C. In fact, the harvest time should be chosen flexibly according to the weather conditions. Nangeng 5718 planted in Nanjing should be harvested earlier than 50 days, and rice from Huai’an and Lianyungang was of better quality when the harvest time was 50 days.
Indigeneity, Nationhood, Racialization, and the U.S. Settler State: Why Political Status Matters to Native ‘Identity’ Formation
Authors: Gilio-Whitaker Dina
Published: September 2024

This essay is a chapter excerpted from my forthcoming book, Who Gets to be Indian: Ethnic Fraud and Other Difficult Conversations about Native American Identity The chapter shows the ways that Indianness, framed as Indian or Native American “identity”, is inseparable from state subjectivity based on the history of political relations between tribes and the United States. It argues that tribes’ political status and relationship to the state are central to how Native American identity is shaped, rejecting the understanding of Native identity as race-based. The term “Indigenous” is discussed as not being equivalent to “Native American” and is not a racial formation in international fora. Social changes during the twentieth century brought new ways to diffuse and co-opt Nativeness through disaggregating it from political status and reinforcing racialization with the rise in urban pan-Indianism and neo-tribalism. Distinguishing Nativeness as political status from racialization is critical given ongoing attacks on tribal sovereignty in Supreme Court challenges based on alleged violations to the equal protection principle. Native American “identity” is inextricable from tribal nationhood and state formation, and thus cannot simply be dismissed as a colonial construct.
Whitefly Detected: LED Traps Enhance Monitoring of Trialeurodes vaporariorum in Greenhouse-Grown Tomato
Authors: Grupe Björn , Meyhöfer Rainer
Published: September 2024

Yellow sticky traps (YSTs) are common tools for monitoring the greenhouse whitefly (GWF), Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), which can cause significant yield reduction in different greenhouse crops such as cucumber and tomato. In recent years, sticky traps equipped with green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have also been (successfully) tested for catching GWFs. However, no study has observed GWF population dynamics at low population densities using such LED traps for early pest detection in crop stands. Therefore, a greenhouse experiment was conducted aiming to investigate the correlation between GWF populations on tomato crops (Solanum lycopersicum L. (Solanaceae)) and the numbers caught on yellow sticky traps and green LED traps, respectively. A small number of whiteflies was released into two pest-free greenhouse cabins, and populations on plants and traps were monitored for the duration of two months. The results show that the GWFs caught on LED traps correlate significantly positive with the population density on the tomato crops. Such a correlation was not found for standard YSTs. Moreover, the results indicate the possibility of early pest detection using LED traps. The findings are discussed in the context of the whiteflies’ ecology and population dynamics in greenhouses.
Two-Way Coupling of the National Water Model (NWM) and Semi-Implicit Cross-Scale Hydroscience Integrated System Model (SCHISM) for Enhanced Coastal Discharge Predictions
Authors: Zhang Hongyuan , Shen Dongliang , Bao Shaowu , Len Pietrafesa
Published: September 2024

This study addresses the limitations of and the common challenges faced by one-dimensional river-routing methods in hydrological models, including the National Water Model (NWM), in accurately representing coastal regions. We developed a two-way coupling between the NWM and the Semi-implicit Cross-scale Hydroscience Integrated System Model (SCHISM). The approach demonstrated improvements in modeling coastal river dynamics, particularly during extreme events like Hurricane Matthew. The coupled model successfully captured tidal influences, storm surge effects, and complex river–river interactions that the standalone NWM missed. The approach revealed more accurate representations of peak discharge timing and magnitude as well as water storage and release in coastal floodplains. However, we also identified challenges in reconciling variable representations between hydrological and hydraulic models. This work not only enhances the understanding of coastal–riverine interactions but also provides valuable insights for the development of next-generation hydrological models. The improved modeling capabilities have implications for flood forecasting, coastal management, and climate change adaptation in vulnerable coastal areas.
Effect of Sport Activity on Uncomplicated Bicuspid Aortic Valve: Long-Term Longitudinal Echocardiographic Study
Authors: Bianco Massimiliano , Sollazzo Fabrizio , Modica Gloria , Zovatto Isabella Carlotta , Di Mario Rachele , Monti Riccardo , Cammarano Michela , Palmieri Vincenzo , Zeppilli Paolo
Published: September 2024

Background: The bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is a congenital heart defect that can lead to certain complications (aortic stenosis, regurgitation, dilatation and endocarditis), the diagnosis and clinical monitoring of which are effectively entrusted to transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). The impact of training on the natural history of the disease remains unclear. Methods: A retrospective cohort of athletes with uncomplicated BAV aged 18–50 years, who underwent at least 2 TTEs with a minimum follow-up of 5 years, subdivided according to the level of physical activity during follow-up into ‘’untrained’’ and ‘’trained’’, was collected. RESULTS: 47 athletes (87.3% male, median 21.0, (18.0; 33.0) years) were included. Median follow-up was 11.6 (8.4; 16.3) years. No statistically significant difference in the growing rate of aorta, left ventricle, nor a significant worsening of aortic stenosis and regurgitation was found. Moreover, there was no significant correlation between weekly training minutes during follow-up and the echocardiographic parameters related to heart size and function. Conclusions: In BAV without major complications, high training volumes do not correspond to a more rapid and significant deterioration in valve function nor to a more rapid increase in aortic or cardiac chamber size.
Quantitative Evaluation of White Matter Injury by Cranial Ultrasound to Detect the Effects of Parenteral Nutrition in Preterm Babies: An Observational Study
Authors: Laccetta Gianluigi , De Nardo Maria Chiara , Cellitti Raffaella , Di Chiara Maria , Tagliabracci Monica , Parisi Pasquale , Gloria Flavia , Rizzo Giuseppe , Spalice Alberto , Terrin Gianluca
Published: September 2024

Nutrition in early life has an impact on white matter (WM) development in preterm-born babies. Quantitative analysis of pixel brightness intensity (PBI) on cranial ultrasound (CUS) scans has shown a great potential in the evaluation of periventricular WM echogenicity in preterm newborns. We aimed to investigate the employment of this technique to objectively verify the effects of parenteral nutrition (PN) on periventricular WM damage in preterm infants. Prospective observational study including newborns with gestational age at birth ≤32 weeks and/or birth weight ≤1500 g who underwent CUS examination at term-equivalent age. The echogenicity of parieto–occipital periventricular WM relative to that of homolateral choroid plexus (RECP) was calculated on parasagittal scans by means of quantitative analysis of PBI. Its relationship with nutrient intake through enteral and parenteral routes in the first postnatal week was evaluated. The study included 42 neonates for analysis. We demonstrated that energy and protein intake administered through the parenteral route positively correlated with both right and left RECP values (parenteral energy intake vs. right RECP: r = 0.413, p = 0.007; parenteral energy intake vs. left RECP: r = 0.422, p = 0.005; parenteral amino acid intake vs. right RECP: r = 0.438, p = 0.004; parenteral amino acid intake vs. left RECP: r = 0.446, p = 0.003). Multivariate linear regression analysis confirmed these findings. Quantitative assessment of PBI could be considered a simple, risk-free, and repeatable method to investigate the effects of PN on WM development in preterm neonates.
Advances in Navigability and Mooring
Authors: Perkovič Marko
Published: September 2024

Considerable technological progress has been made in ship handling and mooring in recent years, especially progress generated by the needs imposed by the introduction of ever larger ships. These advancements exploit the economic scale and environmental efficiency of larger vessels, but also present unique challenges, particularly in narrow waterways and harbour approaches. Precise navigation in these environments requires highly accurate hydrographic measurements, high-quality electronic charts, and advanced navigation systems, such as modern electronic chart display and information systems (ECDIS). Safe and efficient port operations also depend on the optimised allocation of port resources and comprehensive queuing strategies. Modern ships are increasingly susceptible to interference with Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and Automatic Identification Systems (AIS), necessitating the development of resilient technologies and procedures to ensure navigational safety. In addition, climate change is exacerbating the challenges of ship handling in ports, as larger vessels are particularly vulnerable to sudden gusts of wind and have difficulty maintaining their position in the quay in strong crosswinds. Training and simulation are crucial to overcoming these challenges. Ship-handling simulators are invaluable for training purposes, but development is still needed to accurately simulate tilt and lean effects, especially when ships are sailing in narrow channels with following currents and changing winds. Improving the accuracy of these simulators will improve the preparation of seafarers for real-life conditions and ultimately contribute to safer and more efficient ship operations.
Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Green Infrastructure along the Urban-Rural Gradient of the Cities of Bujumbura, Kinshasa and Lubumbashi
Authors: Kabanyegeye Henri , Cirezi Nadège Cizungu , Muteya Héritier Khoji , Mbarushimana Didier , Mukubu Pika Léa , Salomon Waselin , Useni Sikuzani Yannick , Sambieni Kouagou Raoul , Masharabu Tatien , Bogaert Jan
Published: September 2024

This study analyses the dynamics of green infrastructure (GI) in the cities of Bujumbura, Kinshasa, and Lubumbashi. A remote sensing approach, combined with landscape ecology metrics, characterized this analysis, which was based on three Landsat images acquired in 2000, 2013, and 2022 for each city. Spatial pattern indices reveal that GI was suppressed in Bujumbura and Kinshasa, in contrast to Lubumbashi, which exhibited fragmentation. Furthermore, the values of stability, aggregation, and fractal dimension metrics suggest that Bujumbura experienced rather intense dynamics and a reduction in the continuity of its GI, while Kinshasa showed weaker dynamics and tendencies towards patch aggregation during the study period. In contrast, Lubumbashi exhibited strong dynamics and aggregation of its GI within a context of significant anthropization. The evolution of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index demonstrates a sawtooth pattern in the evolution of tall vegetation patches in Bujumbura, compared to a gradual decrease in Kinshasa and Lubumbashi. It is recommended that urban growth in these cities should be carefully planned to ensure the integration of sufficient GI.
Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Aircraft Round-Trip Times Using Phase Type Distributions
Authors: Chakravarthy Srinivas R.
Published: September 2024

One of the major issues facing commercial airlines is the time that it takes to board passengers. Further, most airlines wish to increase the number of trips that an aircraft can make between two or more cities. Thus, reducing the overall boarding times by a few minutes will have a significant impact on the number of trips made by an aircraft, as well as enabling improvements in key measures such as the median and 75th and 95th percentiles. Looking at such measures other than the mean is critical as it is well known that the mean can under- or overestimate the performance of any model. While there is considerable literature on the study of strategies to decrease boarding times, the same cannot be said about the study of the boarding time given a particular strategy for boarding. Thus, the focus of this paper is to study analytically (using suitable stochastic models) and numerically the impact of reducing the average time on the key measures to help the system to plan accordingly. This is achieved using a well-known probability distribution, namely the phase type distribution, to model various events involved in the boarding process. Illustrative numerical results show a reduction in the percentile values when the average boarding times are decreased. Understanding the percentiles of the boarding times, as opposed to relying only on the average boarding times, will help management to adopt a better boarding strategy that in turn will lead to an increase in the number of trips that an aircraft can make.
A Method for Transforming Non-Convex Optimization Problem to Distributed Form
Authors: Khamisov Oleg O. , Khamisov Oleg V. , Ganchev Todor D. , Semenkin Eugene S.
Published: September 2024

We propose a novel distributed method for non-convex optimization problems with coupling equality and inequality constraints. This method transforms the optimization problem into a specific form to allow distributed implementation of modified gradient descent and Newton’s methods so that they operate as if they were distributed. We demonstrate that for the proposed distributed method: (i) communications are significantly less time-consuming than oracle calls, (ii) its convergence rate is equivalent to the convergence of Newton’s method concerning oracle calls, and (iii) for the cases when oracle calls are more expensive than communication between agents, the transition from a centralized to a distributed paradigm does not significantly affect computational time. The proposed method is applicable when the objective function is twice differentiable and constraints are differentiable, which holds for a wide range of machine learning methods and optimization setups.
Unique Solutions for Caputo Fractional Differential Equations with Several Delays Using Progressive Contractions
Authors: Tunç Cemil , Akyildiz Fahir Talay
Published: September 2024

We take into account a nonlinear Caputo fractional-order differential equation including several variable delays. We examine whether the solutions to the Caputo fractional-order differential equation taken under consideration, which has numerous variable delays, are unique. In the present study, first, we will apply the method of progressive contractions, which belongs to T.A. Burton, to Caputo fractional-order differential equation, including multiple variable delays, which has not yet appeared in the relevant literature by this time. The significant point of the method of progressive contractions consists of a very flexible idea to discuss the uniqueness of solutions for various mathematical models. Lastly, we provide two examples to demonstrate how this paper’s primary outcome can be applied.
Identifiability and Estimation for Potential-Outcome Means with Misclassified Outcomes
Authors: Wei Shaojie , Zhang Chao , Geng Zhi , Luo Shanshan
Published: September 2024

Potential outcomes play a fundamental and important role in many causal inference problems. If the potential-outcome means are identifiable, a series of causal effect measures, including the risk difference, the risk ratio, and the treatment benefit rate, among others, can also be identified. However, current identification and estimation methods for these means often implicitly assume that the collected data for analysis are measured precisely. In many fields such as medicine and economics, the collected variables may be subject to measurement errors, such as medical diagnostic results and individual wage data. Misclassification, as a non-classic measurement error, can lead to severely biased estimates in causal inference. In this paper, we leverage a combined sample to study the identifiability of potential-outcome means corresponding to different treatment levers under a plausible misclassification assumption for the outcome, allowing the misclassification probability to depend on not only the true outcome but also the covariates. Furthermore, we propose the multiply-robust and semiparametric efficient estimators for the means, consistent even under partial misspecification of the observed data law, based on the semiparametric theory framework. The simulation studies and real data analysis demonstrate the satisfactory performance of the proposed method.
A Survey of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis E Virus at the Human–Wildlife Interface in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Menajovsky María Fernanda , Espunyes Johan , Ulloa Gabriela , Montero Stephanie , Lescano Andres G. , Santolalla Meddly L. , Cabezón Oscar , Mayor Pedro
Published: September 2024

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis E virus (HEV) are zoonotic pathogens posing significant health concerns in rural Amazonia, a region marked by high endemicity, poverty, and limited healthcare access. However, the epidemiology of HBV and HEV in this ecosystem remains underexplored. This study examines the circulation of HBV and HEV at the human–wildlife interface and identifies risk factors within an isolated Amazonian indigenous community reliant on hunting for subsistence. Antibodies against HBV core antigens (HBcAbs) were found in three wildlife species: Cuniculus paca (0.8%), Tayassu pecari (1.6%), and Mazama americana (4.1%), marking the first record of HBV antibodies in free-ranging wildlife in the Amazon. However, further research is necessary to identify circulating strains and their relation to human HBV. HBcAbs were also detected in 9.1% of human samples, confirming exposure to HBV in the region. HEV IgG antibodies were present in 17.1% of humans and were associated with higher age. All wildlife and domestic animal samples tested negative for HEV, but transmission through consumption of wild animals and contaminated water needs further investigation. The identified risk factors highlight the urgent need for measures to promote safer food handling, improved sanitation, hygiene, and practices related to contact with wild animals.
MSC Exosomes Containing Valproic Acid Promote Wound Healing by Modulating Inflammation and Angiogenesis
Authors: Mu Yujie , Zhang Xiaona , Zhang Linfeng , Luo Ruting , Zhang Yin , Wang Min
Published: September 2024

Purpose: Chronic wounds that are difficult to heal pose a major challenge for clinicians and researchers. Currently, common treatment methods focus on isolating the wound from the outside world, relying on the tissue at the wound site to grow and heal unaided. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) exosomes can promote wound healing by enhancing new blood vessel growth at the wound site. Valproic acid (VPA) reduces the inflammatory response and acts on macrophages to accelerate wound closure. In this study, VPA was loaded into umbilical cord MSC exosomes to form a drug carrier exosome (VPA-EXO) with the aim of investigating the effect of VPA-EXO on wound healing. Methods: This study first isolated and obtained umbilical cord MSC exosomes, then added VPA to the exosomes and explored the ability of VPA-EXO to promote the proliferation and migration of human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), as well as the ability to promote the angiogenesis of HUVECs, by using scratch, Transwell, and angiogenesis assays. An in vitro cell model was established and treated with VPA-EXO, and the expression levels of inflammation and pro-angiogenesis-related proteins and genes were examined using Western blot and qRT-PCR. The therapeutic effect of VPA-EXO on promoting wound healing in a whole skin wound model was investigated using image analysis of the wound site, H&E staining, and immunohistochemical staining experiments in a mouse wound model. Results: The in vitro model showed that VPA-EXO effectively promoted the proliferation and migration of human skin fibroblast cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells; significantly inhibited the expression of MMP-9, IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, and PG-E2; and promoted the expression of vascular endothelial growth factors. In the mouse wound model, VPA-EXO reduced inflammation at the wound site, accelerated wound healing, and significantly increased the collagen content of tissue at the wound site. Conclusions: As a complex with dual efficacy in simultaneously promoting tissue regeneration and inhibiting inflammation, VPA-EXO has potential applications in tissue wound healing and vascular regeneration. In future studies, we will further investigate the mechanism of action and application scenarios of drug-loaded exosome complexes in different types of wound healing and vascular regeneration.