bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-Traditional Correlation Analysis: Explanatory Power and Opportunities for Knowledge Discovery in Democracy Studies
Authors: Tretyakov Nikolay P. , Golosov Pavel E. , Mouhammad Saif A.
Published: August 2016

The possibility of successful applications of the modified correlation coefficient is demonstrated. The latter was proposed by Lukashin nearly twenty five years ago and has been unused since then. A multivariate generalization of this coefficient is proposed. The modified correlation coefficients provide an efficient tool to develop a new multivariate classification method, i.e. a technique for grouping of objects that occurs together with their ranking. As an example of application of the new method, the data of Freedom House is used. NCA (Non-traditional Correlation Analysis), along with similar unconventional methods as FCA (Formal Concept Analysis) and QCA (Qualitative Comparative Analysis) allow to gain additional knowledge from existing databases and numerous ratings which are produced by different agencies. The latters often lack time and opportunities to deeply analyze them, even to go beyond a simple “averaging”. NCA may give additional opportunities for social researchers to understand social phenomena in its complexity, for in-depth analysis and interpretation of structure of data, to build “hierarchical typologies”, and broadly, for data mining and additional knowledge discovery.
A MEDIAÇÃO COMUNITÁRIA COMO PRESSUPOSTO DE REALIZAÇÃO DO CONCEITO DE SEGURANÇA CIDADÃ: ANÁLISE DO PROGRAMA JUSTIÇA COMUNITÁRIA DESENVOLVIDO PELO TRIBUNAL DE JUSTIÇA DO DISTRITO FEDERAL
Authors: Colombo Silvana , Freitas Vladimir Passos de
Published: August 2016

O presente artigo analisa a Segurança Pública a partir da Constituição Federal de 1988 e do paradigma da Segurança Cidadã. Após uma breve abordagem do conceito e dos paradigmas relacionados ao tema, aborda-se os métodos alternativos de solução de conflitos na área de Segurança Pública, em especial, a mediação comunitária. Ao final, faz um relato do programa desenvolvido pelo Tribunal de Justiça do Distrito Federal, denominado Justiça comunitária. Para tanto, utiliza-se o método dedutivo e a revisão bibliográfica.
REFLEXÕES SOBRE A TEORIA DOS JOGOS NA MEDIAÇÃO
Authors: Nascimento Aline Trindade do , Fritz Karen Beltrame Becker
Published: August 2016

O presente texto busca abordar as contribuições da teoria dos jogos para a mediação. Para tanto, na primeira parte deste artigo é feita uma abordagem acerca da mediação, sua finalidade, seus princípios bem como sobre o papel do mediador durante esse procedimento. Já na segunda parte busca-se compreender a teorias dos jogos, sua dinâmica e funcionamento, a importância do equilíbrio de Nash para essa teoria e, sobretudo, como ela pode ser utilizada durante as sessões de mediação. Na elaboração deste artigo, utilizou-se o método de abordagem dialético, como técnicas específicas, foram empregadas pesquisas bibliográficas. Por meio deste estudo, foi possível verificar no que consistem a mediação e a teoria dos jogos, além disso, demonstrou-se como a teoria dos jogos pode auxiliar para a prática da mediação.
LIBERDADE ACADÊMICA EM TEMPOS DIFÍCEIS: DIÁLOGOS BRASIL E ESTADOS UNIDOS
Authors: Oliveira Marcelo Andrade Cattoni de , Repolês Maria Fernanda Salcedo , Prates Francisco De Castilho
Published: August 2016

O artigo busca trabalhar a liberdade acadêmica, seu papel e seus possíveis limites e fronteiras, a partir do paradigma do Estado Democrático de Direito, como configurado em nosso texto constitucional de outubro de 1988. O enfoque se dá na relação entre o papel crítico e investigativo esperado das Universidades e de seus membros, diante das chamadas propostas legislativas do movimento Escola Sem Partido. Isto é, perguntamos se estas propostas não ofenderiam a liberdade constitucional de professores, alunos, técnicos e pesquisadores, além das próprias instituições de ensino superior, quanto a assuntos que gravitam em torno de suas funções e responsabilidades. Para este fim, sem olvidarmos de nosso próprio contexto constitucional, decidimos dialogar com o direito comparado, principalmente com o cenário estadunidense e certas decisões da Suprema Corte dos Estados Unidos que lidam com a mesma temática aqui abordada. Conclui-se que a liberdade acadêmica tem um papel essencial, constitucionalmente reconhecido, no Estado Democrático de Direito.
O PERFIL PSICOMOTOR DA NOÇÃO DE CORPO DE PRÉ-ESCOLARES DE UMA CRECHE-ESCOLA DE FORTALEZA/CE
Authors: Menezes Priscila Temoteo , Costa Vitor Viana da , Ferreira Heraldo Simões
Published: August 2016

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o perfil psicomotor da noção de corpo em crianças de quatro a seis anos na cidade de Fortaleza-CE. A amostra foi composta por 40 alunos do jardim de infância. Na pesquisa, utilizou-se da bateria de testes psicomotores propostas por Fonseca. Observou-se que a maioria dos alunos alcançou pontuação dois, tendo um resultado satisfatório. Concluiu-se que as dificuldades dos alunos devem ser trabalhadas a fim de não interferir no processo de aprendizagem e sugere-se a realização de toda a bateria de testes psicomotores.
O ESPORTE DA/NA ESCOLA NAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS EM SANTA CATARINA
Authors: Silveira Juliano
Published: August 2016

Esta pesquisa é fruto de uma análise documental acerca das políticas públicas para o esporte escolar em Santa Catarina. Especificamente a Proposta Curricular de Santa Catarina e o Programa Estadual Esporte Escolar. A partir da análise realizada veremos que as contradições entre os documentos são enormes, estabelecendo um conflito entre os mesmos. Assim, mostraremos o quanto podem ser diferentes as políticas para o esporte escolar dentro e fora das aulas de Educação Física e as consequências do trato com o esporte em perspectivas aparentemente tão distintas numa mesma instituição.
ESPORTIVIZAÇÃO DE UM JOGO: ALGUMAS CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE O FUTSAC
Authors: Rechia Simone , Machado Gabriela Cardoso , Tschoke Aline , Santana Daniela Tschoke
Published: August 2016

Esta pesquisa buscou investigar qualitativamente como uma prática corporal criada na cidade de Curitiba-PR, especificamente o Futsac, passou pelo processo de esportivização. Para isso, foram realizados: levantamento de dados do acervo digital da Confederação Brasileira de Futsac e entrevista semiestruturada com o criador do esporte. Identificamos nesse contexto algumas elementos diretamente relacionados a transformação desse jogo em esporte, sendo estes: estratégias para regulamentar e divulgar a prática, com destaque para estabelecimento de parcerias, papel dos idealizadores, organizadores e atletas.
A Study of Statistics Through Tootsie Pops
Authors: Aaberg Shelby , Vitosh Jason , Smith Wendy
Published: August 2016

Students construct confidence intervals, write hypothesis tests, and use sampling data to evaluate claims–all by using candy wrappers.
Strategically Fostering Dynamic Interactive Environments
Authors: Özgün-Koca S. Asli
Published: August 2016

Student interviews inform us about their use of technology in multiple representations of linear functions.
“The Bearers of Unholy Potential”: Confessing Church Sermons on the Jews and Judaism
Authors: Skiles William
Published: August 2016

This article examines the nature and frequency of comments about Jews and Judaism in sermons delivered by Confessing Church pastors in the Nazi dictatorship.  The approach of most historians has focused on the history of antisemitism in the German Protestant tradition—in the works, pronouncements, and policies of the German churches and its leading figures.  Yet historians have left unexamined the most elemental task of the pastor—that is, preaching from the pulpit to the German people.  What would the average German congregant have heard from his pastor about the Jews and Judaism on any given Sunday?  I searched German archives, libraries, and used book stores, and analyzed 910 sermon manuscripts that were produced and disseminated in the Nazi regime.  I argue that these sermons provide mixed messages about Jews and Judaism.  While on the one hand, the sermons express admiration for Judaism as a foundation for Christianity, an insistence on the usage of the Hebrew Bible in the German churches, and the conviction that the Jews are spiritual cousins of Christians.  On the other hand, the sermons express religious prejudice in the form of anti-Judaic tropes that corroborated the Nazi ideology that portrayed Jews and Judaism as inferior: for instance, that Judaism is an antiquated religion of works rather than grace; that the Jews killed Christ and have been punished throughout history as a consequence.  Furthermore, I demonstrate that Confessing Church pastors commonly expressed anti-Judaic statements in the process of criticizing the Nazi regime, its leadership, and its policies.
KNOWLEDGE ABOUT SMOKING AMONG SCHOOLCHILDREN
Authors: De Vitta Alberto , Silva Daniela Tomazini da , De Vitta Fabiana Cristina Frigieri , Conti Marta Helena Souza de , Vieira Leila Maria , Marta Sara Nader , Gatti Márcia Aparecida Nuevo , Simeão Sandra Fiorelli de Almeida Penteado
Published: August 2016

O objetivo foi verificar as mudanças de conhecimentos teóricos relativos ao tabagismo, avaliadasem dois momentos (pré e pós-testes) considerando duas intervenções educativas: aula expositiva ejogos educativos. Foram sujeitos 68 alunos, de ambos os sexos, de três 5as séries de uma escolapública, avaliados previamente (A1) sobre tabagismo; o grupo 1 foi submetido a um procedimentode ensino expositivo, o 2 a jogos educativos na 2 e, o 3 a nenhuma intervenção. Após uma semanaforam reavaliados (A2). Para os momentos aplicou-se o teste de Wilcoxon e entre os grupos KruskalWallis. Como resultados notou-se que, nos momentos, houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos1 e 2 e, entre os grupos, no pós-teste, o submetido aos jogos educativos apresentou melhordesempenho com resultado estatisticamente significante. Essa pesquisa permitiu concluir que ojogo educativo promoveu aumento dos conhecimentos dos escolares sobre tabagismo.
TRANSLATION, ADAPTATION AND CONTENT VALIDATION OF SECTION I OF THE SCALE “ASSESSMENT OF PEER RELATIONS” INTO THE PORTUGUESE LANGUAGE
Authors: Soares Elsa , Serrano Ana , Guralnick Michael J.
Published: August 2016

Objetivo: realizar a adaptação e validação do conteúdo da secção I da escala “Assessment of PeerRelations” – Avaliação das Relações com Pares para o idioma Português. Método: a secção I foi traduzidae retro traduzida por tradutores experientes. A versão de consenso resultante desta tradução foi utilizadaem dois estudos piloto que indicaram a necessidade de melhoramentos linguísticos. Realizadas asalterações necessárias, reuniu-se um painel com oito peritos – investigadores na área da intervençãoprecoce e das interações sociais – que procedeu à discussão aprofundada de cada um dos itens secção I.Resultados: todo o processo inerente a este estudo revelou-se de extrema importância para a exploraçãoaprofundada da secção I e para a realização de todas as alterações consideradas necessárias para quea escala possa ser funcional e aplicável na Língua e Cultura Portuguesas. Conclusões: o processo deinvestigação permitiu atingir o objetivo delineado e, assim, foi possível adaptar e validar, para o idiomaportuguês, o conteúdo da secção I da escala Assessment of Peer Relations – Avaliação das Relações comPares.
LANGUAGE DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH DEAFNESS
Authors: Oliveira Letícia Neves de , Goulart Bárbara Niegia Garcia de , Chiari Brasilia Maria
Published: August 2016

Objetivo: verificar a associação de alteração de linguagem relacionada à perda auditiva edescrever a relação com o tipo de sexo, queixa clínica, tipo e grau de perda auditiva. Método:Trata-se de estudo retrospectivo, realizado com prontuários de pacientes atendidos entre julhode 1998 e julho de 2008, totalizando 482 sujeitos. Foram utilizados os dados: idade; sexo;região de residência; queixa/manifestação na linguagem; diagnóstico etiológico; déficit delinguagem e fala e distúrbio de audição. Resultados: prevalência do sexo masculino (56%); comfaixas entre três a cinco (32,8%) e seis a onze anos (32,8%); com queixa principal a alteraçãoda linguagem oral (57%); perda auditiva neurossensorial (66,3%) de grau profundo (32,8%)bilateral, de etiologia orgânica (41,7%). Uma associação entre alteração de linguagem com ograu de perda auditiva e a queixa de linguagem foi estatisticamente significante (< 0,001).Conclusão: houve associação da alteração de linguagem com o grau de perda auditiva e aqueixa de linguagem.
TIME LAPSED BETWEEN SEXUAL AGGRESSION AND ARRIVAL AT THE BRAZILIAN HEALTH SERVICE
Authors: Vertamatti Maria Auxiliadora F. , Abreu Luiz Carlos de , Drezett Jefferson , Valenti Vitor E. , Barbosa Caio Parente
Published: August 2016

Objetivo: Descrever as características sócio-demográficas e clínicas de vítimas de violência sexuale sua associação com o tempo decorrido entre a agressão sexual e a chegada ao serviço desaúde. Método: Estudo retrospectivo de 439 casos de mulheres vítimas de agressão sexual,atendidas por serviço público de São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brasil, no período de 2000a 2007. Resultados: De 439 pacientes incluídas, 374 chegaram antes de 72 horas ao hospital.A média de idade foi de 24,5 anos; 45,1% cursava ou havia concluído o segundo grau. A penetração vaginal foi a ocorrência mais comum, sendo exclusiva em 43,9% dos casos, enquantoque a associação desta com penetração anal ou oral ocorreu em 31,4% dos casos. Foram estatisticamente significantes para a chegada após 72 horas da agressão: a ausência de traumanão genital (OR = 2,58; IC95%: 1,04; 6,38), a não realização de denúncia policial (OR = 2,74; IC95%: 1,58; 4,78) e o agressor conhecido (OR = 0,51; IC95%: 0,28; 0,96). Conclusões: Otraumatismo não genital e a denúncia policial foram protetores para as vítimas, trazendo-as aohospital dentro das primeiras 72 horas após a ocorrência; já o agressor conhecido foi fatordeterminante no atraso à chegada ao serviço de saúde. Políticas públicas para capacitação,divulgação e integração entre os setores envolvidos na abordagem deste tipo de violência podemreduzir as complicações dela decorrentes.
CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF TUBERCULOSIS IN CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE
Authors: Zombini Edson Vanderlei , Almeida Carlos David de , Silva Fernanda Palma Curvelo Vilar , Yamada Elza Sumie , Komatsu Naomi Kawaoka , Figueiredo Sumie Matai de
Published: August 2016

A existência de tuberculose na infância é um bom indicador da extensão da doença bacilífera e daineficiência do controle do agravo na população adulta. Objetivo: descrever o perfil clínico eepidemiológico de crianças e adolescentes que evoluíram clinicamente com tuberculose. Método:Realizou-se um estudo retrospectivo de levantamento de dados de prontuários envolvendo todos ospacientes com o diagnóstico de tuberculose, assistidos na unidade de internação e ambulatório depneumologia de um Hospital Infantil da Secretaria Estadual da Saúde de São Paulo, SP, Brasil, noperíodo de 31/07/2005 a 31/07/2010. Resultados: Foram diagnosticados 45 casos de tuberculose,a maioria na faixa etária de menores de 4 anos de idade e adolescentes, todos vacinados com BCGID. A forma clínica mais comum foi a pulmonar seguida da pleural e meníngea. Dos casos atendidos,98% procuraram o hospital espontaneamente para investigação diagnóstica. Tosse e febre foram ossintomas mais relatados. Dos casos levantados, 18 (40%) possuíam contatos intradomiciliares comadultos portadores de tuberculose pulmonar. As características radiológicas mais encontradas forama opacidade e o derrame pleural. Dos casos investigados 32,5% apresentaram positividade paraidentificação de micobactéria. A maioria dos pacientes era fortes reatores à prova tuberculínica. Atuberculose na infância é um aspecto negligenciado, na maioria das vezes, na avaliação decomunicantes de um adulto com tuberculose pulmonar bacilífera. Frequentemente as crianças sãoassistidas quando apresentam sintomas da doença já instalada. O controle de comunicantes é umaforma precoce e eficiente de diagnosticar e tratar crianças com tuberculose, reduzindo o sofrimentoe diminuindo a chance de aparecimento de formas graves da doença.
PERCEPTIONS OF CAREGIVERS OF PATIENTS WITH COW’S MILK ALLERGY REGARDING THE TREATMENT
Authors: Yonamine Glauce Hiromi , Contim Divanice , Castro Ana Paula Beltran Moschione , Jacob Cristina Miuki Abe , Pastorino Antonio Carlos
Published: August 2016

Este estudo qualitativo teve como objetivo compreender as percepções de familiares de crianças eadolescentes com alergia à proteína do leite de vaca (APLV) em relação à doença e seu tratamento.Foram realizadas nove entrevistas e foi utilizado o método de análise de conteúdo. Surgiram trêscategorias com subcategorias: tratamento e educação do paciente e familiares (experiências vividas,base do tratamento e como lidar com a doença), resolução da doença (expectativa e melhoragradativa), qualidade de vida (inclusão social, cotidiano familiar e custo dos alimentos). Os familiaresvivenciaram dificuldades durante o início do tratamento, mas revelaram que as orientações fornecidasno seguimento tornaram as adaptações à doença mais fáceis. Comentaram sobre as dificuldades emobter a colaboração de outros membros da família em relação à dieta de exclusão, suas experiênciasfrente a uma reação alérgica, dúvidas quanto ao tratamento e lacunas do conhecimento sobre adoença entre outros médicos e na população em geral. Alguns deles acreditavam que não haviatratamento para a APLV, porque não existiam medicamentos ou vacinas, mas mantinham a esperançada descoberta de uma cura. A maioria dos familiares estava satisfeita com a melhora gradativa dosseus filhos, percebida pela redução da gravidade dos sintomas e tolerância a traços de leite. Tambémcomentaram sobre os esforços em proporcionar uma vida normal para seus filhos, as mudanças emsuas vidas e a dificuldade em comprar alimentos especiais. Em conclusão, os familiares de criançase adolescentes com APLV sentem grande impacto da doença.
STRESS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH ASTHMA
Authors: Mendes Marco Aurélio , Sant’Anna Clemax Couto , March Maria de Fátima Bazhuni Pombo
Published: August 2016

Objetivos: verificar a presença do estresse em crianças e adolescentes com asma e avaliar aassociação do estresse com variáveis clínicas e psicossociais. Método: estudo transversal com criançase adolescentes asmáticos entre 7 e 12 anos de idade, atendidos em ambulatório de pneumologiapediátrica. Utilizou-se a Escala de Estresse Infantil, o Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil equestionário padronizado para coleta de informações. A análise estatística foi realizada através doteste qui-quadrado, curva ROC, teste exato de Fisher e Mann-Whitney, sendo utilizado o modelo deregressão logística após análise univariada. Resultados: o estresse foi detectado em 38 % (19/50)dos pacientes, com predomínio de reações psicológicas. Foram encontradas associações comsignificância estatística entre o estresse e dificuldades escolares (p = 0,026), classe sócio-econômicaC2 e D (p=0,013) e sintomas da doença há sete anos ou menos (p = 0,0037). Estas associaçõespermaneceram após a regressão logística. Não foram encontradas associações com significânciaestatística entre a gravidade da asma e o estresse. Conclusões: houve estresse em mais de umterço dos casos de crianças e adolescentes com asma. Houve maior frequência de estresse emcrianças e adolescentes de classes sócio-econômicas desfavorecidas e naqueles que apresentavamsintomas de asma em período inferior ou igual a 7 anos e com dificuldades escolares.
THE INFLUENCE OF TELEVISION ON THE EATING HABITS OF BRAZILIAN NORTHEAST CHILDREN
Authors: Motta-Gallo Sophia , Gallo Paulo , Cuenca Angela
Published: August 2016

Objetivo: o objetivo deste estudo é aprofundar a compreensão sobre a influência da televisão noshábitos de alimentares de crianças a partir da análise da percepção dos cuidadores – mãe, pai e avó. Método: 14 entrevistas semi-estruturadas foram aplicadas em cuidadores – mãe, pai e avó, de 29 crianças escolares com idade entre 7 e 9 anos, matriculadas na 2ª Série do Ensino Fundamental deuma Escola Pública da periferia urbana de um município do Nordeste Brasileiro.As entrevistas foramgravadas e transcritos os discursos. Os resultados foram apresentados em quadros temáticos deanálises e analisados à luz da teoria sócio-histórica, com base nas contribuições de Vygotsky (1984)e Bakhtin (2001).Resultados: cuidadores frequentemente identificaram a influencia das propagandas de alimentosveiculadas pela televisão nas demandas e nos critérios de escolha dos alimentos e dos brinquedosdas crianças. Também perceberam que as decisões de compra da família passam a ser reguladaspelas solicitações das crianças motivadas pelas propagandas televisivas. E que as preferênciasalimentares – a estrutura e o ritmo das refeições das crianças sofreram modificações devido àinfluência deste veículo midiático.Conclusão: os cuidadores identificam a influência da televisão nos hábitos de consumo alimentar dascrianças, mas não conseguem entender a magnitude dessa influência na vida das crianças por elescuidadas. Entender essa magnitude é um desafio que nos é colocado a partir deste estudo.
TETRAPARETIC CHILDREN AND CAREGIVERS: FEATURING THE PROFILE AND ACCESSIBILITY ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Alcassa Tatiana Cristina , Filipini Rosangela , Garcia Jesus Carlos Delgado , Amarante Sandra Terezinha , Adami Fernando , Luz Maria Claudia Brito , Pimentel Renata Pimentel Macedo , Azzalis Ligia Ajaime , Junqueira Virginia Berlanga Campos , Fonseca Fernando Luiz Affonso
Published: August 2016

O trabalho teve como objetivo descrever o perfil dos cuidadores e das crianças com tetraparesiasegundo suas características, aspectos sociodemográficos e acessibilidade, por meio de um questionáriodesenvolvido e aplicado durante as sessões de fisioterapia, realizadas no setor de neurologia infantildo Centro de Reabilitação Municipal de Santo André. Foram entrevistados 19 cuidadores de criançastetraparéticas com diagnóstico de Paralisia Cerebral. A análise dos resultados mostrou que oscuidadores, em sua maioria, eram as mães das crianças selecionadas e que estas dedicavam-se,integralmente, aos cuidados de seus filhos, abdicando-se de suas atividades profissionais oueducacionais. Enquanto, que as crianças apresentavam importante comprometimento motor (GMFCSV), dependentes para muitas atividades funcionais necessitando de algumas Tecnologias Assistivas.Verificou-se, ainda, pouco conhecimento, por parte dos cuidadores, em relação a esta terminologiaque associado à falta de recursos financeiros podem trazer prejuízos no processo de autonomia,participação e inclusão social destas crianças.
Acute exposure to apolipoprotein A1 inhibits macrophage chemotaxis in vitro and monocyte recruitment in vivo
Authors: Iqbal Asif J , Barrett Tessa J , Taylor Lewis , McNeill Eileen , Manmadhan Arun , Recio Carlota , Carmineri Alfredo , Brodermann Maximillian H , White Gemma E , Cooper Dianne , DiDonato Joseph A , Zamanian-Daryoush Maryam , Hazen Stanley L , Channon Keith M , Greaves David R , Fisher Edward A
Published: August 2016

Apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) is the major protein component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and has well documented anti-inflammatory properties. To better understand the cellular and molecular basis of the anti-inflammatory actions of apoA1, we explored the effect of acute human apoA1 exposure on the migratory capacity of monocyte-derived cells in vitro and in vivo. Acute (20–60 min) apoA1 treatment induced a substantial (50–90%) reduction in macrophage chemotaxis to a range of chemoattractants. This acute treatment was anti-inflammatory in vivo as shown by pre-treatment of monocytes prior to adoptive transfer into an on-going murine peritonitis model. We find that apoA1 rapidly disrupts membrane lipid rafts, and as a consequence, dampens the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway that coordinates reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and cell migration. Our data strengthen the evidence base for therapeutic apoA1 infusions in situations where reduced monocyte recruitment to sites of inflammation could have beneficial outcomes.
Chromosome-wide mechanisms to decouple gene expression from gene dose during sex-chromosome evolution
Authors: Wheeler Bayly S , Anderson Erika , Frøkjær-Jensen Christian , Bian Qian , Jorgensen Erik , Meyer Barbara J
Published: August 2016

Changes in chromosome number impair fitness by disrupting the balance of gene expression. Here we analyze mechanisms to compensate for changes in gene dose that accompanied the evolution of sex chromosomes from autosomes. Using single-copy transgenes integrated throughout the Caenorhabditis elegans genome, we show that expression of all X-linked transgenes is balanced between XX hermaphrodites and XO males. However, proximity of a dosage compensation complex (DCC) binding site (rex site) is neither necessary to repress X-linked transgenes nor sufficient to repress transgenes on autosomes. Thus, X is broadly permissive for dosage compensation, and the DCC acts via a chromosome-wide mechanism to balance transcription between sexes. In contrast, no analogous X-chromosome-wide mechanism balances transcription between X and autosomes: expression of compensated hermaphrodite X-linked transgenes is half that of autosomal transgenes. Furthermore, our results argue against an X-chromosome dosage compensation model contingent upon rex-directed positioning of X relative to the nuclear periphery.
Theoretical and experimental studies of formation and migration of oxygen vacancies in BaMxTi1−
xO3 (M = Zr, Ge)
Authors: Umeda Yuji , Aman Sanshiro , Kuwabara Akihide , Moriwake Hiroki
Published: August 2016

The formation and migration energies of oxygen vacancies in pure BaTiO3, and BaM
x
Ti1−

x
O3 (M = Zr, Ge) are calculated by first-principles calculations to understand the effect of doping on the reliability of multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs). The formation and migration energies of oxygen vacancies are found to be larger in BaZr
x
Ti1−

x
O3 than in BaTiO3. This finding could be one of the possible reasons behind the improved reliability of Zr-doped MLCCs materials. On the other hand, by substituting Ge, the migration energy of BaGe
x
Ti1−

x
O3 becomes larger than that of BaTiO3. This is despite the smaller oxygen vacancy formation energy in BaGe
x
Ti1−

x
O3 than in BaTiO3. Even though Zr and Ge are tetravalent in BaM
x
Ti1−

x
O3, their valence states are different after the formation of oxygen vacancies, providing an explanation for the differences in vacancy formation and migration energies between BaZr
x
Ti1−

x
O3 and BaGe
x
Ti1−

x
O3. Our theoretical results are further confirmed by experiments on these model systems.
Time-resolved crystal structure analysis of resonantly vibrating langasite oscillator
Authors: Aoyagi Shinobu , Osawa Hitoshi , Sugimoto Kunihisa , Takeda Shoichi , Moriyoshi Chikako , Kuroiwa Yoshihiro
Published: August 2016

The momentary crystal structure of a Y-cut langasite oscillator resonantly vibrating under an alternating electric field is revealed by time-resolved crystal structure analysis to understand the microscopic mechanism of piezoelectricity. The thickness-shear lattice strain under an electric field is amplified ∼103 times by the resonant effect. The lattice vibration involves the deformation of GaO4 and Ga0.5Si0.5O4 tetrahedra accompanied by atomic displacements of specific oxygen atoms along the electric field. The deformation of GaO4 and Ga0.5Si0.5O4 tetrahedra enhances the piezoelectricity of langasite.
Two-dimensional MoTe2 materials: From synthesis, identification, and charge transport to electronics applications
Authors: Chang Yuan-Ming , Lin Che-Yi , Lin Yen-Fu , Tsukagoshi Kazuhito
Published: August 2016

We present a review of recent developments in the synthesis, thickness identification, electronic properties, and possible applications of layered MoTe2 flakes. Special emphasis is made on two-dimensional (2D) MoTe2 semiconductors and the extensive research in recent years on their applications in electronics. Layered MoTe2 flakes have been the focus of substantial interest in the research community because of their fascinating characteristics, including an appropriate band gap and a simple fabrication method (exfoliation) to form layered nanomaterials. Our aim is to provide the readers an overview of layered MoTe2 flakes and to understand their properties, which may lead to their applications in micro- and nanoelectronics.
En lærende praksistrekant
Authors: Skotheim Torhild , Johannessen Baard , Kaldahl Anne-Grete
Published: August 2016

Background: The Norwegian framework for teacher education serves to both provide a pathway for professional qualification and lay a foundation for educators to meet present and future challenges. Complementing work with teacher educators in the university classroom, a key focus of the framework is pre-service teaching practice, which aims to increase student teachers' knowledge, skills, and competencies via a triangular partnership among student teachers and teacher educators both in pre-service teaching practice and on campus. The aim of the study was to interview student teachers to investigate how their pre-service teaching practice can be better organized to meet these goals. Methods: Our data is based on six semistructured interviews and one focus group with six student teachers situated at the Oslo and Akershus University College and analyzed using inductive content analysis. The study was approved at the Norwegian Data Directorate. Results: The analysis revealed five categories that influence student teachers` pedagogical insight through pre-service teaching practice. These five categories were: Reflection plenaries on regular basis, the understanding of the relationship between theory and practice, teacher educators as mentors, and different competence and asymmetry in the mentoring process. Conclusions: To optimize pedagogical insight through pre-service teaching practice, our results emphasize the need to ensure quality throughout pre-service teacher training and clear guidelines for teacher educators. In particular, our sample of student teachers sought greater supervision and focus from teacher educators on the relationship between theory and practice, via use of reflection plenaries, and found most helpful pedagogical context that emphasized equal partnership with their teacher educators.
A Jurassic pterosaur from Patagonia and the origin of the pterodactyloid neurocranium
Authors: Codorniú Laura , Paulina Carabajal Ariana , Pol Diego , Unwin David , Rauhut Oliver W.M.
Published: August 2016

Pterosaurs are an extinct group of highly modified flying reptiles that thrived during the Mesozoic. This group has unique and remarkable skeletal adaptations to powered flight, including pneumatic bones and an elongate digit IV supporting a wing-membrane. Two major body plans have traditionally been recognized: the primitive, primarily long-tailed paraphyletic “rhamphorhynchoids” (preferably currently recognized as non-pterodactyloids) and the derived short-tailed pterodactyloids. These two groups differ considerably in their general anatomy and also exhibit a remarkably different neuroanatomy and inferred head posture, which has been linked to different lifestyles and behaviours and improved flying capabilities in these reptiles. Pterosaur neuroanatomy, is known from just a few three-dimensionally preserved braincases of non-pterodactyloids (as Rhamphorhynchidae) and pterodactyloids, between which there is a large morphological gap. Here we report on a new Jurassic pterosaur from Argentina,Allkaruen koigen. et sp. nov., remains of which include a superbly preserved, uncrushed braincase that sheds light on the origins of the highly derived neuroanatomy of pterodactyloids and their close relatives. A µCT ray-generated virtual endocast shows that the new pterosaur exhibits a mosaic of plesiomorphic and derived traits of the inner ear and neuroanatomy that fills an important gap between those of non-monofenestratan breviquartossans (Rhamphorhynchidae) and derived pterodactyloids. These results suggest that, while modularity may play an important role at one anatomical level, at a finer level the evolution of structures within a module may follow a mosaic pattern.
Genome sequencing-assisted identification and the first functional validation ofN-acyl-homoserine-lactone synthases from the Sphingomonadaceae family
Authors: Gan Han Ming , Dailey Lucas K. , Halliday Nigel , Williams Paul , Hudson André O. , Savka Michael A.
Published: August 2016

Background

Members of the genusNovosphingobiumhave been isolated from a variety of environmental niches. Although genomics analyses have suggested the presence of genes associated with quorum sensing signal production e.g., theN-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) synthase (luxI) homologs in variousNovosphingobiumspecies, to date, noluxIhomologs have been experimentally validated.

Methods

In this study, we report the draft genome of theN-(AHL)-producing bacteriumNovosphingobium subterraneumDSM 12447 and validate the functions of predictedluxIhomologs from the bacterium through inducible heterologous expression inAgrobacterium tumefaciensstrain NTL4. We developed a two-dimensional thin layer chromatography bioassay and used LC-ESI MS/MS analyses to separate, detect and identify the AHL signals produced by theN. subterraneumDSM 12447 strain.

Results

Three predicted luxI homologs were annotated to the locus tags NJ75_2841 (NovINsub1), NJ75_2498 (NovINsub2), and NJ75_4146 (NovINsub3). Inducible heterologous expression of eachluxIhomologs followed by LC-ESI MS/MS and two-dimensional reverse phase thin layer chromatography bioassays followed by bioluminescent ccd camera imaging indicate that the three LuxI homologs are able to produce a variety of medium-length AHL compounds. New insights into the LuxI phylogeny was also gleemed as inferred by Bayesian inference.

Discussion

This study significantly adds to our current understanding of quorum sensing in the genusNovosphingobiumand provide the framework for future characterization of the phylogenetically interesting LuxI homologs from members of the genusNovosphingobiumand more generally the family Sphingomonadaceae.
An examination of species limits in theAulacorhynchus“prasinus” toucanet complex (Aves: Ramphastidae)
Authors: Winker Kevin
Published: August 2016

The number of species recognized inAulacorhynchustoucanets has varied tremendously over the past century. Revisors seem to disagree on whether head and bill coloration are useful indicators of species limits, especially in theA.“prasinus” complex. Using morphometrics, I tested the hypothesis that the major color-based subspecific groups ofA.“prasinus”sensu latoare simply “cookie-cutter” (i.e., morphologically nearly identical) toucanets with different head and bill colorations. Univariate and multivariate analyses show that they are not simply morphological replicates of different colors: a complex array of morphometric similarities and dissimilarities occur between the major subspecific groups, and these variations differ between the sexes. Latitude and longitude had a small but significant association with female (but not male) PC1 and PC2. Hybridization and intergradation were also considered using plumage and bill characters as a surrogate to infer gene flow. Hybridization as indicated by phenotype appears to be substantial betweenA. “p.” cyanolaemusandA. “p.” atrogularisand nonexistent between other major groups, although from genetic evidence it is likely rare betweenA. “p.” albivittaandA. “p.” cyanolaemus. The congruence and complexities of the morphological and color changes occurring among these groups suggest that ecological adaptation (through natural selection) and social selection have co-occurred among these groups and that species limits are involved. Further, hybridization is not evident at key places, despite in many cases (hypothetical) opportunity for gene flow. Consequently, I recommend that this complex be recognized as comprising five biological species:A. wagleri, prasinus, caeruleogularis, albivitta,andatrogularis. Four of these also have valid subspecies within them, and additional work may eventually support elevation of some of these subspecies to full species. Species limits in South America especially need more study.
Epidemiology ofSalmonellasp. in California cull dairy cattle: prevalence of fecal shedding and diagnostic accuracy of pooled enriched broth culture of fecal samples
Authors: Abu Aboud Omran A. , Adaska John M. , Williams Deniece R. , Rossitto Paul V. , Champagne John D. , Lehenbauer Terry W. , Atwill Robert , Li Xunde , Aly Sharif S.
Published: August 2016

Background

The primary objective of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the crude, seasonal and cull-reason stratified prevalence ofSalmonellafecal shedding in cull dairy cattle on seven California dairies. A secondary objective was to estimate and compare the relative sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) for pools of 5 and 10 enriched broth cultures of fecal samples forSalmonellasp. detection.

Methods

Seven dairy farms located in the San Joaquin Valley of California were identified and enrolled in the study as a convenience sample. Cull cows were identified for fecal sampling once during each season between 2014 and 2015, specifically during spring, summer, fall, and winter, and 10 cows were randomly selected for fecal sampling at the day of their sale. In addition, study personnel completed a survey based on responses of the herd manager to questions related to the previous four month’s herd management. Fecal samples were frozen until testing forSalmonella. After overnight enrichment in liquid broth, pools of enrichment broth (EBP) were created for 5 and 10 samples. All individual and pooled broths were cultured on selective media with putativeSalmonellacolonies confirmed by biochemical testing before being serogrouped and serotyped.

Results

A total of 249 cull cows were enrolled into the study and their fecal samples tested forSalmonella. The survey-weighted period prevalence of fecal shedding of allSalmonellasp. in the cull cow samples across all study herds and the entire study period was 3.42% (N = 249; SE 1.07). The within herd prevalence ofSalmonellashed in feces did not differ over the four study seasons (P = 0.074). The Se of culture of EBP of five samples was 62.5% (SE = 17.12), which was not statistically different from the Se of culture of EBP of 10 (37.5%, SE = 17.12, P = 0.48). The Sp of culture of EBP of five samples was 95.24% (SE = 3.29) and for pools of 10 samples was 100.00% (SE = 0). There was no statistical difference between the culture relative specificities of EBP of 5 and 10 (P > 0.99).

Discussion

Our study showed a numerically higher prevalence ofSalmonellashedding in the summer, although the results were not significant, most likely due to a lack of power from the small sample size. A higher prevalence in summer months may be related to heat stress. To detectSalmonella, investigators may expect a 62.5% sensitivity for culture of EBP of five, relative to individual fecal sample enrichment and culture. In contrast, culture of EBP of 10 samples resulted in a numerically lower Se. Culture of EBP of size 5 or 10 samples, given similar prevalence and limit of detection, can be expected to yield specificities of 95 and 100%, respectively.
Factors Affecting Blood Flow at the Tip of the Reconstructed Gastric Tube During Esophagectomy: A Study Using Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Angiography
Authors: Kumagai Youichi , Ishiguro Toru , Sobajima Jun , Fukuchi Minoru , Ishibashi Keiichiro , Mochiki Erito , Kawano Tatsuyuki , Ishida Hideyuki
Published: August 2016

The objective of this study was to clarify the factors affecting blood flow at the tip of the gastric tube during esophagectomy using indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence angiography. The time until enhancement of the gastric tube tip determined using ICG fluorescence imaging is a useful indicator of blood flow, and has been shown not to differ significantly according to the connection status of the right or left gastroepiploic artery. Using ICG fluorescence imaging, the time until enhancement of the gastric tube tip was measured in 50 patients undergoing esophagectomy. Blood flow at the gastric tube tip was compared between 2 groups of patients: those in whom a connecting vessel from the left gastro-epiploic artery to the short gastric artery (l-s GA) was present and those in whom it was absent. The factors affecting blood flow to the gastric tube tip were also investigated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The median time taken for the gastric tube tip to show enhancement with ICG was significantly shorter in the group with an l-s GA connection (P = 0.02). Multivariate analysis showed that the absence of an l-s GA connection (P = 0.04) and presence of arteriosclerosis-related disease (P = 0.02) were significant independent factors that delayed blood flow to the gastric tube. It is essential to preserve the whole vessel arcade of the greater curvature to achieve good perfusion of the gastric tube with blood. The presence of arteriosclerosis-related disease is a major factor affecting the safety of anastomosis during gastric tube reconstruction.
The process for designing and constructing the Komazawa Park Gymnasium and Central Plaza
Authors: Toyokawa Saikaku
Published: September 2024

In his book Gaibu kūkan no kōsei (Exterior Space in Architecture), Yoshinobu Ashihara criticized modern architecture and urban planning and searched for ways to realize plazas suitable for humans. This study analyzes how Ashihara designed the Komazawa Park Gymnasium, a wrestling venue for the 1964 Tokyo Olympics, and the Central Plaza. It focuses on the distinctive hyperbolic paraboloid shells of Komazawa Park Gymnasium. Concurrently, this study evaluates Ashihara's uniqueness as an architect while comparing the Komazawa Central Plaza with Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park, designed by Kenzo Tange.
Hydrolytic‐Resistance Long‐Persistent Luminescence SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ Ceramics for Optical Information Storage
Authors: Zhang Xuedong , Liu Yongfu , Hu Pan , Zhang Yikun , Zi Yingzhu , Zhang Yueteng , Yang Zhengwen , Jiang Jun
Published: September 2024

SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ (SAED) is one of the most popular materials for information storage and night display applications because it has a wide excitation range and long afterglow duration. However improving the hydrolytic resistance of SAED remains a challenge. In this study, the SAED is presented to be the ceramic type by a solid‐state reaction in a vacuum ambiance. The achieved SAED ceramic has 8200 mcd m−2 initial luminescence intensity. It can also obtain long‐persistent luminescence after UV light irradiation even soaking in water for more than 30 days. This ceramic demonstrates sustained imaging capability irradiated under 365 nm UV light and X‐ray, as well as erasability and reproducibility of storage by lighting and heating. These results indicate the promising applications of SAED ceramics in optical information storage and night display in complex environments. The phase evolution in the SAED ceramic is identified directly in the micromorphology for the first time based on scanning electron microscopy coupled with a cathodoluminescence system.
1D Textile Yarn Battery with MoS2@Si Anode and NCM Cathode
Authors: Marriam Ifra , Tebyetekerwa Mike , Memon Hifza Aamna , Chathuranga Hiran , Yang Jindi , Sun Kaige , Chu Dewei , Yan Cheng
Published: September 2024

Wearable electronics are surging for various applications ranging from critical functions like personal health monitoring to communication and entertainment. To power these electronic devices, advanced high‐performing textile‐based batteries are reckoned. In this work, a 1D textile yarn battery is designed using silicon (Si) nanoparticles wrapped in molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as an anode and layered Ni‐rich material Li[Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O2 (NCM) as a cathode. The anode materials design is selected to ensure the use of Si due to its high specific capacity but suppressing its known issue of volume expansion by layered MoS2 nanosheets and, at the same time, MoS2 providing channels for lithium‐ion (Li‐ion) transport during electrochemical cycles. The NCM cathode, on the other hand, is adopted as it has higher energy density and improved cycle life. The full yarn battery (FYB) delivered an excellent electrochemical performance (areal capacity of 3.13 mAh cm−2, power density of 421 mW cm−3, and energy density of 78.9 mWh cm−3) with a capacity retention of 86% at 0.1 C and coulombic efficiency of 91.3%. This work pointed out a new way to design and fabricate textile‐based batteries with high‐performance materials using simple, cost‐effective, and scalable approaches targeting to be used as energy sources for future wearable electronics.
Machine Learning Enables Reliable Colorimetric Detection of pH and Glucose in Wearable Sweat Sensors
Authors: Zhou Lijun , Menon Sidharth S. , Li Xinqi , Zhang Miqin , Malakooti Mohammad H.
Published: September 2024

In healthcare, blood pH and glucose levels are critical indicators, especially for chronic conditions like diabetes. Although taking blood samples is accurate, it is invasive and unaffordable for many. Wearable sensors offer non‐invasive and continuous detection methods, yet face major challenges, such as high cost, inaccuracies, and complex interpretation. Colorimetric wearable sensors integrated with machine learning (ML) are introduced for accurately detecting pH values and glucose concentrations in sweat. These battery‐free and cost‐effective biosensors, made of cotton textiles, are designed to work seamlessly with smartphones for data collection and automated analysis. A new pH indicator is synthesized with enhanced sensitivity and two types of glucose sensors are developed by depositing enzymatic solutions onto cotton substrates. The sensors' performance is assessed using standard solutions with known pH levels ranging from 4 to 10 and glucose concentrations between 0.03 to 1 mm. The photos captured from these sensors are then analyzed by image processing and three different ML algorithms, achieving an accuracy of 90% in pH and glucose detection. These findings provide effective synthesis methods for textile‐based sweat sensors and demonstrate the significance of employing different ML algorithms for their colorimetric analysis, thus eliminating the need for human intervention in the process.
Assessing the Stability and Photocatalytic Efficiency of a Biodegradable PLA‐TiO2 Membrane for Air Purification
Authors: Mortazavi Milani Hadis , Van Neste Brent , Cosaert Ewoud , Poelman Dirk
Published: September 2024

The potential of a biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA)‐TiO2 membrane for air purification is investigated, utilizing the environmentally friendly solvent Cyrene. Through the integration of TiO2 nanoparticles within a PLA matrix, the membrane is used to degrade ethanol as a model volatile organic compound (VOC) under UV light. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X‐ray Analysis (EDX), and UV–vis spectrophotometry confirm the porous structure of the membrane, the even distribution of TiO2, and its effective band gap of 3.06 eV, respectively. Ethanol adsorption is best described by the Langmuir isotherm model, suggesting monolayer coverage on a homogeneous surface. Photocatalytic tests demonstrate that the membrane decomposes ethanol (6800 ppm) within 14 min under UV light, generating acetaldehyde, acetic acid, formaldehyde, and formic acid as intermediates, and ultimately producing CO2 and water. Reusability tests indicate a decrease in decomposition time over successive cycles due to increased TiO2 exposure from the gradual degradation of PLA. However, this degradation poses challenges for continuous use, compromising the membrane's long‐term durability.