bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Compositionally Gradient Anode Functional Layer for Proton Conducting Fuel Cell at Intermediate Temperatures: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Malik Lidyayatty Abdul , Senari Shazana Mohd. , Hassan Oskar Hasdinor , Jani Abdul Mutalib Md , Osman Nafisah , Suklueng Montri
Published: July 2020

In this work, an anode-supported button cell was fabricated with compositionally gradient (CG) NiO-BaCe0.54Zr0.36Y0.1O2.95 (NiO-BCZY) anode functional layer (AFL). The button cell has a configuration of NiO-BCZY (50:50) | NiO-BCZY (30:70) | NiO-BCZY (10:90) | BCZY | LSCF. All powder materials were synthesized using a sol-gel method. Firstly, NiO-BCZY anode substrate was fabricated using dry-pressing method. Next, NiO-BCZY CG-AFL and BCZY electrolyte thin film were spin-coated on the anode substrate and lastly the La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ (LSCF) cathode was spin-coated on the electrolyte thin film. The microstructure of the fabricated button cell with good adhesion between all the layers, thin and dense electrolyte layer, and gradient increase in density of materials from anode substrate to electrolyte were observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Cell’s performance in terms of resistivity was evaluated using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and conductivity meter using four-point probe method. Values of ohmic (Ro) and polarization resistance (Rp) of the cell are 7.3 and 2.4 Ωcm2 at 700 °C, respectively. The lower resistance values obtained compared to our previous work on a conventional 3-layers BCZY-based single button cell (Ro = 9.6 and Rp = 7.8 Ωcm2 at 700 °C) confirmed the functionality of GC-AFL in enhancing the cell’s performance. This preliminary result shows that simple deposition technique of CG-AFL plays a significant role in the optimization of PCFC button cell designs and electrochemical performance.
Lattice Expansion of BaCe0.54Zr0.36Y0.1O3-δ Ceramic Electrolyte
Authors: Mazlan Nurul Waheeda , Osman Nafisah , Hassan Oskar Hasdinor , Mohamed Zakiah
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is an electrochemical conversion device that undergoes a thermal cycling at various operating temperature where lead to the degradation of its mechanical properties. Electrolyte among the main component in SOFC plays a crucial part in defined the overall performance which facing a lattice expansion event when exposed to heating. Thus, in this paper BaCe0.54Zr0.36Y0.1O3-δ (BCZY) was selected as potential electrolyte for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC) to investigate its lattice expansion as a function of temperature. The sample was prepared via a sol gel method and calcined at 1100°C for 10 hours to form a powder and then pressed to become a pellet. To ensure a good densification in such pellet, two-steps sintering processes was indicated at 1500°C and ground to a powder form prior to the lattice expansion measurements. High temperature X-ray diffraction (HT-XRD) was used to study the lattice expansion of sample in the temperature range of 25°C to 700°C with interval 100°C under air atmosphere. HT-XRD analysis was done using X’pert Highscore Plus software and Visual for Electronic and Structural Analysis (VESTA) software was used to observe the crystal structure. Phase and structural analysis of BCZY electrolyte materials were discussed. Apparently, the BCZY shows an average of 97% phase purity from room temperature to 700°C. Rietveld refinement analysis revealed that the BaCe0.54Zr0.36Y0.1O3-δ exhibits cubic symmetrical structure with unit cell, a=b=c that varied from 4.3440Å - 4.3731Å for all the temperature studied. Thus, the expansion percentage for the lattice expansion from room temperature to 700°C was about 12.6 %.
Solderability of Coloured Lead Free Solder Composite
Authors: Abu Bakar Maria , Jalar Azman , Ismail Norliza , Ismail Ahmad Ghadafi , Ibrahim Najib Saedi
Published: July 2020

Coloured solders offer wide range of possible application on top of conventional usage related to solder and soldering. Coloured solder can be produced by adding colour pigment into solder formulation to form coloured solder composite. The performance of coloured solder joint typically determined by good solderability, which influenced by wetting properties. The objectives of this paper is to investigate the solderability of coloured lead free solder composite with different formulation type of colour pigment and variation of colour pigment composition. Green and “glow in the dark pigment” with composition of 5% and 10% respectively were added into the lead free solder paste. Each coloured solder paste was stencil printed on the PCB and then reflowed using reflow soldering process. The wettability of the solder composite was measured and observed using Infinite Focus Measurements (IFM). The results demonstrated that coloured lead free solder composite have a good wettability. This finding also indicates that use of green pigment into the solder composite has shown greater wettability as compared to glow in the dark pigment. Higher percentage of added colour pigment of 10% has significantly reduced the wettability of solder composite. Wettability of coloured solder composite with small amount of added pigment is in the acceptable range of contact angle, showing good solderability of joining.
Electrical Conductivity of Y3+ Doped Ba(Ce,Zr)O3 in Wet N2 Atmosphere Prepared with the Addition of Brij-97
Authors: Nur Syafkeena Mohd Affandi , Osman Nafisah , Hassan Oskar Hasdinor
Published: July 2020

Y-doped barium cerate-zirconate ceramic oxide is proven to be a competent material as an electrolyte with high proton conductivity as well as chemical and mechanical stabilities in carbon dioxide and water vapour atmospheres. This ceramic oxide requires high processing temperature which will results in the increase of particle/grain size. Hence, modification on the synthesis route has been studied in reducing the particle/grain size of the ceramic by lowering the calcination temperature. In this work, BaCe0.54Zr0.36Y0.1O2.95 (BCZY) powder was synthesized with addition of surfactant (Brij-97) through an established modified sol-gel route. Single BCZY perovskite phase was successfully obtained at calcination temperature of 950°C which was lower than our previous study (T=1100°C). The prepared sample was made into pellet by a dry pressing technique with diameter, d=13 mm and thickness, t~2 mm and then subjected to a two-step sintering method prior to morphological and electrical measurements. Impedance measurement was carried out at intermediate temperatures (500-800°C) using an Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) in wet nitrogen atmosphere. Impedance spectrum was analysed to obtain the behaviour of grain core and grain boundary responses by a fitting procedure using a brick-layer model. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of fractured pellet revealed that BCZY prepared with the assisted of Brij-97 exhibited dense, homogenous and less agglomerate grain with grain size around 88 nm, which may explain the enhancement in the total conductivity of the BCZY electrolyte.
Characteristics of Electron Transport Study of Composited Graphene-Zinc Oxide Thin Film Photoanode for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Samsi Noor Syafiqah , Affendi N.A.S. , Yaakob Muhamad Kamil , Taib M.F.M. , Lepit A. , Hassan Oskar Hasdinor , Yahya M.Z.A. , Ali A.M.M.
Published: July 2020

Graphene-Zinc Oxide (Gr-ZnO) nanocomposites films were successfully synthesized via facile electrodeposition method in an aqueous solution under Gr concentration conditions. Gr, as a highly conductive carbon, acts as an anchor for ZnO nanosheets and plays a substantial role in controlling the degree of dispersion of ZnO nanosheets onto indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) substrate to form Gr-ZnO nanocomposite. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis of Gr-ZnO nanocomposite samples confirmed that the presence of ZnO nanosheets with a high degree of dispersity and crystallinity which is well linked to the thin layer of Gr nanoparticle on ITO substrate. The surface roughness of the films found increased to ~270 nm on Gr-ZnO as compared to Gr ~44 nm and ZnO ~3 nm. Further, the x-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) analysis showed the result is in good agreement with Raman spectroscopy study. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) of Gr-ZnO nanocomposite revealed that the effect of electron-hole recombination process was increased and the presence of Gr in ZnO photoanode provides the fastest redox reaction and hence offers the fastest electron transfer in photoanode.
Morphological Effect on the Intermetallic Compound Layer Growth Kinetics of Metallurgical Joining
Authors: Jalar Azman , Abu Bakar Maria , Razak Mohd. Zulhakimi Ab. , Ismail Norliza
Published: July 2020

Evaluating the growth kinetics is one of the most important characteristic in assessing the quality and reliability of metallurgical joining, especially in electronics packaging such as soldering and wire bonding technology. The growth kinetics is normally assessed using Arrhenius equation that involves diffusion activities due to thermally activated process. The well-known factors of thermal and time together with generally accepted growth exponent have been widely used for this assessment. The intermetallic compound layer which is the by-product of metallurgical reaction during soldering process has been exposed to high temperature to accelerate its growth. The cross-section of the joining was observed using optical microscope to quantify the layer of intermetallic compound. Morphological effect and shape factor of the layer have been analysed in complement with the effect of temperature and time on the growth behaviour. Directional growth and irregularities shape of the intermetallic layer show some inconsistency on the selection of growth exponent. The effect of initial size of intermetallic layer must also be considered in this assessment. This study suggests that the morphological effect must be analysed prior to the selection the growth exponent in assessing growth behaviour and kinetics of intermetallic layer in metallurgical joining.
Effect of Addition of Polyethylene Glycol into Trivalent Chromium Bath on Chromium Coating
Authors: Tey Eydar , Zainal Zulkarnain , Pah Lim Kean , Ismail Ismayadi
Published: July 2020

Conventionally, chromium is deposited from hexavalent chromium baths containing extremely toxic compounds of Cr (VI). Due to serious health and environmental concerns of Cr (VI), trivalent chromium bath is proposed as a counter approach towards greener and safer chromium plating. In the present work, chromium coatings were electrodeposited onto copper substrate using a modified trivalent chromium electroplating bath with addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG 1500). The effects of PEG on the Cr coating were investigated. The crystalline structure, composition and surface morphology of the deposits were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface roughness of the coatings were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). With addition of PEG, the surface roughness of Cr coating decreased by 44.5 % and the corrosion rate decreased by 23.3 % compared to that of without PEG. Meanwhile, the hardness increased by 22.7 %.
PCM-Based for Heat Storage in Solar-Thermal Converter
Authors: Yatim Nadhrah Md , Nizar Siti Rahmah Md , Hashim@Ismail Mohd Azman , Suhaimi Syahida
Published: July 2020

Solar thermal energy is one of the promising renewable and sustainable energy that have gain research interest. However, the nature of intermittent solar irradiation limits the usage of this energy. Phase change material (PCM) are substance that has the property of absorbing and releasing thermal energy through phase transformation. Combination of graphene foam/PCM composite will be able to absorb heat from solar thermal energy and sustain energy release to thermoelectric generator (TEG) for electrical conversion. Two different PCM material were tested which are petroleum-based paraffin wax and bio-based PCM beeswax. Thermal properties of both materials were measured using DSC and heat absorption were tested under real solar irradiation. This solar-thermal converter showed that graphene/paraffin/beeswax composite is more effective than the paraffin wax or beeswax alone. The recorded results also showed that combination of these petroleum based and bio-based PCM with added graphene foam could retain longer heat than graphene/paraffin wax and individual PCM. The longer heat can be stored in solar-thermal converter device may sustain electricity generation even with absence of solar energy.
Investigation of Nano-Sized Al2O3 on Pr-Sr-Mn-O Composites: Structural, Microstructural and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Pah Lim Kean , Lau Lik Nguong , Kechik Mohd Mustafa Awang , Chen Soo Kien , Halim Shaari Abdul , Badron Nurul Suhada
Published: July 2020

Perovskite manganites have always been the research interest attributed to its intriguing colossal magnetoresistive (CMR) properties. Incorporation of an insulating secondary phase into the manganite composites has proven as an effective measure to enhance the low field magnetoresistance (LFMR). This paper reports the structural, microstructural and magnetic properties of (1-x) Pr0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (PSMO): x Al2O3 composites synthesized by the solid-state reaction method. Different compositions of nano-sized Al2O3 (x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20) were appended into the samples to investigate its effect on the physical properties. X-ray diffraction patterns show all samples exhibit polycrystalline PSMO as the major phase and strong orientation along (121) direction throughout the series. The crystal structural parameter is presented by Rietveld refinement. Nano-sized of Al2O3 has distorted the pure PSMO as changes have been observed in bond length and bond angle observed. Surface roughness and particle size show the increment along with increasing Al2O3 composition from the atomic force microscope (AFM) analysis. All samples possess the narrow hysteresis loop with weak ferromagnetic nature. The PSMO: Al2O3 presented in this study is a promising manganite composite which can be utilized in the magnetic sensor applications.
Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) Microgel Synthesised by Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Yong Hsin Nam Ernest , Tshai Kim Yeow , Lim Siew Shee , Kong Ing
Published: July 2020

Smart polymers have been one of the most popularly studied materials owing to their capability to alter physio-chemical behaviour upon exposure to specific external stimuli. The biocompatible thermally responsive poly (N-isopropylacrylamide), PNIPAm shows reversible transition between hydrophilic-hydrophobic characteristics at the vicinity of human physiological temperature has great potential to propel the development of smart tissue engineering scaffold and drug delivery. However, the limited availability and its high cost have dampened the extent of research on this polymer. To address these challenges, the current work demonstrates an economical lab-scale polymerization of crosslinked PNIPAm and the optimised parameters to produce mono-dispersed polymer hydrogel particles were investigated. Characterisation of the synthesized PNIPAm polymer revealed particle size polydispersity index of 0.215, indicative of distribution within the mono-dispersed range, with average hydrodynamic diameter of 346.3 nm. Zeta-potential of the synthesized PNIPAm was found to be -20.6 mV, suggesting an incipient instability in terms of colloidal coagulation. Viscosity of the synthesized PNIPAm (4 wt% concentration in methanol) was 28.6 cP. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated the thermal degradation of main chain PNIPAm fell in the range of 340 to 480°C.
The Effect of Various ZnO Layer towards Sensing Performance as an Electrolyte-Insulator-Semiconductor pH Sensor
Authors: Al-Khalqi Ensaf Mohammed , Hamid Muhammad Azmi Abdul , Shamsudin Roslinda , Al-Hardan Naif H. , Keng Lim Kar
Published: July 2020

Multilayers zinc oxide thin films were synthesized by the sol–gel spin coating process to fabricate sensing membranes in an electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) sensor for pH detection. The effect of various layers (single, three and five layers) on the crystallinity, morphological and optical properties of ZnO films were investigated by XRD, FE-SEM, and Photoluminescence respectively. The ZnO thin films grown were polycrystalline with hexagonal wurtzite structure. The films were not smooth, with grains and porosity in between them, and become denser as film thickness increased. The PL spectra exhibit two main emission peaks at near band edge 360-380 nm region (strong and sharp UV radiation) and 450–600 nm region (broad blue, green, and yellow radiation). Sensitivity, linearity was measured to determine the sensing and reliability performance of fabricated devices. The result confirmed that, the sensitivity for the three samples increased with increased layer from 48.3 mV/pH to 82.58 mV/pH. Compared to single and three layers of the ZnO electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS), ZnO grown with five layers exhibits a higher sensitivity of 82.58 mV/pH in solutions from pH 2–12 and linearity of 99.015 %. This is due to the increased of ZnO thickness, which produces dense surface and a well-crystallized grain structure.
ZnO Coated Optical Fiber for Alcohol Sensing Applications
Authors: Rashid Affa Rozana Abdul , Latiff A.N.A. , Mukhtar Wan Maisarah , Taib Nur Athirah Mohd , Suhaimi Syahida , Dasuki Karsono A.
Published: July 2020

Plastic optical fiber sensing that coated with ZnO is developed and its interaction with ethanol and methanol solution is investigated. ZnO is synthesized sonochemically by using the bath type sonicator. The optical properties such as transmittance, absorbance and refractive index of ZnO is determined by using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer. Then, the cladding of plastic optical fiber (POF) is etched by using acetone solution, sand paper and deionized water. The unclad region is coated with ZnO and being immersed in the solution of ethanol and methanol in the range from 0 v/v% to 50 v/v%. The performance of ZnO coated POF is achieved by obtaining the power output value that transmitted via power meter. The result of this research is as the alcohol concentration increase, the power output value increase. Refractive index of ZnO is varied due to interaction between modified-cladding area and alcohol. Besides that, more light propagates inside the fiber when the sensor is tested under methanol solution compare to ethanol. Thus, the power output ratio increments as well as the sensor efficiency and shows the effectiveness of POF sensor to detect varied alcohol concentration.
Plastic Optical Fiber Sensor for Detection of Ethanol Concentrations
Authors: Surani Aisyah Hanim , Rashid Affa Rozana Abdul , Arsad Norhana , Hakim Amna Afiqah Nasution
Published: July 2020

An optimized study of tapered polymer optical fiber (POF) for measurement of different concentration of ethanol in deionized water (0.5%-3.5%) is proposed and demonstrated. This sensor operated based on evanescent wave absorption principle. The cladding of PMMA based POF is removed using organic solvents which can be used to create tapered POF. The unclad length around 1 cm and 3 cm as well as the waist diameters of POF in the range of 5 mm and 8 mm were compared for their efficiency as an ethanol sensor based on power output ratio values. Tapered POF with smaller waist diameter and longer tapered length showed higher sensitivity as ethanol sensor. Therefore, by tailoring the length and tapered diameter of POF, high sensitivity of ethanol sensor can be fabricated.
Attitudes towards Parenthood and Fertility Awareness in Female and Male University Students in South Korea
Authors: Shin Hyewon , Lee Jungmin , Kim Shin Jeong , Jo Minjeong
Published: July 2020

Purpose: This study investigated intentions and attitudes towards future parenthood and awareness of fertility among university students in South Korea.Methods: The participants comprised 166 female and male undergraduate students enrolled at five universities. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from May to July 2019 using the Korean version of the Fertility Awareness Questionnaire and Attitudes of Parenthood. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics based on participants' general characteristics, the x2 test to identify differences in intentions, and the t-test to evaluate attitudes towards parenthood and awareness of fertility in female and male students.Results: Both female and male students desired to have two children, but they lacked awareness about fertility. The possibility of combining work and having children, along with the availability of childcare resources, impacted the desire for parenthood. Male students tended to consider parenthood as less impactful on their lives and careers than female students. Social structures might also impact the decision to have children.Conclusion: It is important to provide health education emphasizing fertility awareness and parenthood in young adulthood so participants can consider these facts in advance. In addition, the government should provide resources for couples making parenthood decisions.
Gambling Subgroups among Korean Out-of-school Adolescents
Authors: Kang Kyonghwa , Ha Yi Kyung , Bang Hwal Lan
Published: July 2020

Purpose: The number of Korean adolescents engaging in gambling is increasing, especially among out-of-school adolescents. This study aimed to identify patterns of gambling activities and factors related to specific subgroups of out-of-school adolescent gambling activities.Methods: This descriptive study analyzed secondary data from the 2015 Korea Youth Gambling Problem Survey, including 1,200 out-of-school adolescents. Latent class analysis was conducted to identify patterns of gambling activities. The factors related to gambling subgroups were verified with multinomial logistic regression.Results: Three latent classes of gambling activities were identified: rarely gambling (RG), immediate gain gambling (IGG), and broad gambling (BG). These subgroups differed significantly in terms of gender, age at and type of first gambling experience, number and type of gambling activities, gambling frequency, time and money spent on gambling, problem gambling severity, and motivation for gambling. Compared to the RG subgroup, both the IGG and BG subgroups were strongly associated with an older age at the first gambling experience.Conclusion: Out-of-school adolescents who first gambled at an older age and who gambled mainly in order to gain money immediately were at risk of problem gambling. Developing strategies for early screening and referral to professionals is necessary to prevent gambling problems from worsening.
On the number of linearly independent admissible solutions to linear differential and linear difference equations
Authors: Heittokangas Janne , Yu Hui , Zemirni Mohamed Amine
Published: July 2020

A classical theorem of Frei states that if
$A_p$
is the last transcendental function in the sequence

$A_0,\ldots ,A_{n-1}$
of entire functions, then each solution base of the differential equation

$f^{(n)}+A_{n-1}f^{(n-1)}+\cdots +A_{1}f'+A_{0}f=0$
contains at least

$n-p$
entire functions of infinite order. Here, the transcendental coefficient

$A_p$
dominates the growth of the polynomial coefficients

$A_{p+1},\ldots ,A_{n-1}$
. By expressing the dominance of

$A_p$
in different ways and allowing the coefficients

$A_{p+1},\ldots ,A_{n-1}$
to be transcendental, we show that the conclusion of Frei’s theorem still holds along with an additional estimation on the asymptotic lower bound for the growth of solutions. At times, these new refined results give a larger number of linearly independent solutions of infinite order than the original theorem of Frei. For such solutions, we show that

$0$
is the only possible finite deficient value. Previously, this property has been known to hold for so-called admissible solutions and is commonly cited as Wittich’s theorem. Analogous results are discussed for linear differential equations in the unit disc, as well as for complex difference and complex q-difference equations.
Normative Forms and Synthetic Structure of Japanese in the Incubation Period of L2
Authors: Hwang Young Hee
Published: July 2020

In this paper, I examine the change mechanism of Japanese sentence-final forms (SFF) maintained by two Korean returnee sisters for over 10 years after the cessation of L2 contact, and focus on the negative formal style of verb sentences and its deviation from the actual use of norms (analysis form) and non-norms (synthetic form). Findings are based on a comparison of two Korean sisters’ Japanese with that of thirteen Korean adults’ colonial Japanese maintained for over 60 years, which is also in the incubation phase. In the sisters’ Japanese sentence-final forms that were incubating as their L2, they rarely used the non-norms, while the norms were stably maintained, and the retention of the synthetic structure of their returnee Japanese correlated with the duration of the language acquisition period and with the elapsed time of contact cessation. That is, the sisters used more of the norms in the Korean colonial Japanese SFF than they did in their Japanese; I attribute this to the sisters’ 10-year incubation period. Specifically, the Korean returnee sisters’ speech included interventions of the explanatory [N] in the past affirmation of -ta desu, heavy use of non-norms in adjective and noun sentences, and connecting sentence-final particles to further grammatical structures. However, there were fixed and conventional Norms in the Korean returnee sisters’ Japanese, and once these are acquired, masu forms are retained for long periods in mirror image, especially on elder A. To summarize, in terms of the format of the returnee Japanese SFF, the two Korean returnee sisters were slower to shift from norms (masu) to non-norms (desu) than were adult Korean speakers of colonial Japanese. The same shift is observed with synthetic structure even after cessation of the language contact.
Service Quality of Islamic Banks: A Cultural Perspective
Authors: Hanafi Siti Nurul Izzati Mohd , Maulan Suharni Bt. , Hamid Siti Ngayesah Ab.
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between culturally-based service quality measure on customer satisfaction and loyalty in the Malaysian Islamic banking context. This study utilises the PAKSERV model, a cultural-based instrument together with additional dimensions compliance from CARTER model. A survey questionnaire was utilised to examine the relationships. Data were analysed using PLS-SEM. The result shows that five of the service quality dimensions have significant relationships with customer satisfaction. Compliance, the additional dimension, had been found to be the most influential. This study also reinforces the relationship between satisfaction and loyalty. The compliance dimension added to the PAKSERV measure that denotes religious belief enhances the cultural elements of service quality measure for Islamic banks.
An Examination of a Second Order Numerical Method for Solving Initial Value Problems
Authors: Fadugba S. E. , Ogunyebi S. N. , Falodun B. O.
Published: July 2020

This paper presents an examination of a Second Order Convergence Numerical Method (SOCNM) for solving Initial Value Problems (IVPs) in Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs). The SOCNM has been derived via the interpolating function comprises of polynomial and exponential forms. The analysis and the properties of SOCNM were discussed. Three numerical examples have been solved successfully to examine the performance of SOCNM in terms of accuracy and stability. The comparative study of SOCNM, Improved Modified Euler Method (IMEM), Fadugba and Olaosebikan Scheme (FOS) and the Exact Solution (ES) is presented. By varying the step length, the absolute relative errors at the final nodal point of the associated integration interval are computed. Furthermore, the analysis of the properties of SOCNM shows that the method is consistent, stable, convergent and has second order accuracy. Moreover, the numerical results show that SOCNM is more accurate than IMEM and FOS and also compared favourably with the ES. By varying the step length, there are two-order decrease in the values of the final absolute relative errors generated via SOCNM. Hence, SOCNM is found to be accurate, stable and a good tool for the numerical solutions of IVPs of different characteristics in ODEs.
El lamento de la verdad
Authors: Morillo Rey Pablo Antonio
Published: July 2020

Es irrefutable que el hombre siempre ha mentido, algo que —sin duda— preocupa y ocupa nuestra atención. Y es éste el principal motivo que nos ha inducido a la elaboración del presente trabajo, trabajo que —tomando como puntos de apoyo, principalmente, a san Agustín y algunos documentos magisteriales— tan sólo pretende la reflexión y la reconsideración por parte del lector de tan humano “dilema”: la mentira. Por otro lado, es el obispo de Hipona la figura inevitable en el contexto del cristianismo, figura que a través de dos tratados —De mendacio y Contra mendacium— nos ayudará a entender y comprender este “grave problema moral”.
“Retrato inédito” del Cardenal Fernando Niño de Guevara
Authors: Cimorra Pena Francisco Javier
Published: July 2020

Esta investigación tiene por objeto el estudio y catalogación de un “Retrato Inédito”, una pintura al óleo sobre lienzo, como retrato auténtico de Fernando Niño de Guevara, cuando fue nombrado cardenal en Roma en el año 1596 por el Papa Clemente VIII.
A New Framework To Revive Industries With The Help Of Advanced Technology Used As Marketing Tool
Authors: Bhatt Ishan , Singhi Rushina
Published: July 2020

Entire world is facing a huge competition in the market. Companies are spending tremendously over marketing of products and services. These costs are taking a toll on profit as well. Many industrial units are facing loses and banks are getting cash deficit. In order to revive market, it is necessary to understand new consumer approaches and behaviour to identify their buying pattern. Clearly lesser profits and increasing marketing cost are signs of down trend. There are many types of consumer behaviour theories. They have their own advantages but they also contain serious flaws. These flaws make them vulnerable. This paper proposes to discover a new consumer behaviour or perspective of millennials. This will help in increase of profits and decrease marketing costs. The framework will also help in reducing operational cost, human resource costs and distribution cost all together.
An Efficient and Secure Multilevel Keyword Ranked Search for Encrypted Data
Authors: Baby Prasanth K , Samuel Nikhil
Published: July 2020

with the growing digital communication and networks, the data owners are motivated to outsource their complex data to the global storage space. Greater flexibility and economic saving are the advantages of this global storage space. Before outsourcing the sensitive data, it has to be encrypted in order to enforce the data privacy. In the encrypted data, search service is important to get the necessary data. The stored data is relatively large so it requires multiple keywords in the search query and it will return document in the order of their relevance to these keywords searched. Related works on searchable encryption focus on single keyword search or Boolean keyword search and rarely sort the result and for the multi-keyword search coordinate matching, i.e., as many matches as possible, to effectively capture the relevance of outsourced documents to the query keywords and inner product similarity to evaluate such similarity measure. In Multi-keyword Ranked Search under the coordinate matching, the ranking helps for the efficient retrieval. The multilevel keyword ranked search is implemented by using the cache to reduce the search time.
IoT Based Healthcare System Model for quarantine centers Post Covid 19 Outbreak
Authors: Bhatt Ishan , Yadav Shweta
Published: July 2020

The bright capability of showing up Internet of things (IoT) advancements for wellbeing gadgets and sensors assumed an essential job in the new age of Healthcare industry for secure patient care and maintaining social distancing. After Corona virus outbreak, it has been observed that there is an utter need for the automated healthcare system for the patients in need or elderly incapable or un-helped people. This paper proposed a Healthcare and quarantined install with IoT devices for the benefiting of quarantined people and Covid-19 patients.
POTENSI PEWARNA ALAMI TEKSTIL DI KEBUN RAYA SRIWIJAYA (STUDI PENGARUH AIR GAMBUT TERHADAP KECERAHAN WARNA DARI TUMBUHAN BEGONIA (BEGONIA SP.) DAN SEDUDUK (MELASTOMA MALABATHRICUM L.))
Authors: Maryani Sri , Komalasari Oom , Rahayu Niken Probowati Nur , Suswara Tri Novayanti
Published: July 2020

Sumber pewarna alami yang saat ini sedang menjadi pilihan menarik didunia tekstil mendorong berbagai pihak untuk mencari dan mengembangkan berbagai tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai sumber pewarna alami di berbagai daerah, termasuk di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan yang kaya dengan beragam jenis tanamannya, baik lahan kering maupun lahan basah. Kebun Raya Sriwijaya sebagai salah satu wilayah di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan yang menyimpan beragam jenis tanaman juga memiliki potensi  sumber pewarna alam yaitu Begonia (Begonia Sp) dan seduduk (Melastoma malabathricum L.). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitan eksperimen yang dilakukan pada bulan Januari-Mei 2020. Dari observasi hasil penggunaan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kecerahan warna yang dihasilkan terhadap kain dapat diperoleh dengan penggunaan air mineral, sementara untuk menghasilkan warna yang lebih gelap dapat digunakan air gambut. Jenis zat pengikat yang digunakan juga dapat mempengaruhi kenampakan warna yang dihasilkan sehingga dapat menambah keragaman warna berbahan alami. Ke depannya uji kandungan senyawa kimia dari warna yang dihasilkan sangat diperlukan sehingga dapat dikembangkan sebagai pewarna alami dalam dunia industri tekstil.
THOREAU, H. D. Walden. Porto Alegre, RS: L&PM, 2019
Authors: Portes Ana Lucia de Araujo
Published: July 2020

Resenha do livro: THOREAU, H. D. Walden. Porto Alegre, RS: L&PM, 2019, 336 p.
ISBN: 978-85-254-2060-2.
An overview of the Effect of Biomass in-door-air Pollution on Household Members
Authors: Ogbonna C
Published: July 2020

Worldwide statistics show that 2.4 billion people depend on biomass fuel for cooking and heating. Biomass are plant materials and animal waste used especially as source of fuel. Typically, burned in open fire or inefficient stoves without appropriate ventilation, biomass fuels emit substantial amounts of health damaging pollutants leading to high level of exposure. In developing countries the level is at least 10-20 times higher than World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines. Women and young children who spend many hours daily near the fire are the most exposed. A growing body of literature implicates in-door air pollution from biomass fuel as a risk factor for the development of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Lung cancer in women and Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) in young children.4-8 About two billion people have no access to modern energy and a billion have it only sporadically. Household members especially women and children in rural settlements collect all kinds of materials that are hazardous for their source of household energy. This is peculiar to the rural populations and more so the poor communities. Biomass fuels are at the low end of the energy ladder in terms of combustion efficiency and cleanliness. Smoke from biomass combustion produces a large number of health damaging air pollutants including inhalable particulate matter, Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen oxides, Formaldehyde, Benzene, 1,3 Butadiene, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and many other toxic organic compounds. In developing countries, where large proportions of households rely on biomass fuels for cooking and space heating, concentrations of these air pollutants tend to be highest indoors. The fuels are typically burned in simple, inefficient, and mostly unvented household cook stoves, which, combined with poor ventilation, generate large volumes of smoke indoors. Moreover, cook stoves are typically used for several hours each day at times when people are present indoors, resulting in much higher exposure to air pollutants than from out-door sources. More than three billion people or half the world's populations, cook in their homes using traditional fire and stoves, burning biomass fuels such as woods and crop waste materials. Household members breathe in the toxic fumes from these cooking fires daily.
Comparison of Lassa fever prevention practices between public and private primary health care facilities in Jos, Plateau state, Nigeria
Authors: Daboer JC , Sodipo OY , Okoro L , Maimagani IC , Dogo JM , Ahgu O , Tagurum YO , Banwat ME , Akosu TJ , Chingle MP , Zoakah AI
Published: July 2020

Background: Lassa fever is endemic in Nigeria and health care workers are at a high risk of contracting and transmitting the infection. This study compares Lassa fever prevention practices among health care providers in public and private Primary Health Care facilities in Jos.Methods: The study used a comparative cross-sectional design to study health care workers in 29 Primary Health Care facilities selected using a two-stage sampling technique. All health care workers who attended to patients were interviewed using a semistructured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23 and a p-value of ≤ 0.5 was considered statistically significant.Results: Majority of the respondents had neither received on-the-job training on Lassa fever prevention (91.9%) nor Universal Standard Precautions (88.7%). Private Primary Health Care facilities had better supplies and equipment for Lassa fever prevention compared to their public counterparts. Majority (65.8%) of respondents had poor Lassa fever prevention practices and this was worse in the private (75.4%) than the public (55.6%) facilities. No facility met all the requirements for Lassa fever prevention. Training had a statistically significant association with good practice among public Primary Health Care facilities. Conclusion: Noncompliance with Lassa fever prevention practice is still common in Primary Health Care facilities. This is worse in private facilities. Continuous training and improved supplies of materials and equipment are necessary for effective Lassa fever prevention among these health care providers.
Benfotiamine counteracts the negative effects of a high dietary carbohydrate on growth and ammonia toxicity resistance in post larval Penaeus monodon
Authors: Nudalo Arnel G. , Tumbokon Barry Leonard M. , Serrano Augusto E.
Published: July 2020

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of high carbohydrate diet in the absence of presence of dietary benfotiamine on growth and immune response against ammonia toxicity (50 mg NH4Cl L-1, average ambient temperature=27oC, pH 8.3) of post larval Penaeus monodon. A feeding trial involving three dietary treatments followed by an ammonia toxicity tests and a feed attractability test were conducted separately. During the feeding trial, shrimps were fed three experimental diets, namely, (1) a diet containing 15% starch (C), (2) a diet with 25% corn starch (high carbohydrate diet, HC) and (3) a diet containing both 25% starch supplemented with 0.2 g kg-1 benfotiamine (HCB). At the termination of the feeding trial, the shrimps were subjected to ammonia toxicity test to determine the effects of the diets on the immune response of the post larval shrimps. Attractability tests using customized aquaria showed that the HCB diet elicited significantly the highest attractability even after 10 min of feed placement in the feeding chamber. In the feeding trial that lasted for 60 days, results showed that shrimps fed with diet containing HCB exhibited significantly the highest growth rate (p<0.05) among all groups of shrimps in terms of final average body weight (FABW), weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR); they also exhibited significantly the highest feed intake (p<0.05). Upon challenge of the shrimps with 50 mg L-1 ammonia, shrimps fed with the HCB diet exhibited significantly the highest cumulative survival rate of 60% after 72 h while those fed with diet C and HC exhibited lower survival rates of 33% and 40%, respectively, and were not significantly different from each other. In conclusion, benfotiamine enhances attractability of the feed, growth performance and immune response against ammonia toxicity at the level of 0.2 g kg-1.
Challenges for Federalism in Pakistan, Post Musharraf Era
Authors: Ali Ghulam , Musarrat Razia
Published: July 2020

Federalism is a form of government that solves the challenges of diversity of a state. Many ethnic groups resides in Pakistan .Baluchistan is the biggest province having smallest number of population of the state ,Punjab the dominant province in terms of population and size has further divisions on linguistic and territorial grounds. Small provinces always raised their voices against the unjust sharing of resources, administrative posts and political positions. The study reveals that mostly resources and political and administrative positions are shared by the two dominant provinces, Punjab and Sindh and other federating units and regions are usually deprived from these prestigious positions that is causing unrest in those regions which is very harmful for the integration of the state. Post Musharraf era  in Pakistan is witnessing  a continuity of democratic regimes in the state and democratic  government of Yousaf Raza Gailani shared maximum powers to the provinces in the form of 18th Amendment but still state of Pakistan has to do a lot more for solving the issues of the provinces.
Cultivation of Fear Through Media: Analysis to Reveal Relationship between Perception about COVID 19 and Socio-economic Background of Media Consumers
Authors: Manzoor Samia , Safdar Aasima
Published: July 2020

COVID-19 is the pandemic that has been experienced by the whole world presently. The present research sought to explore how media is cultivating fear among heavy and light users of upper, middle, and lower socio-economic background. Theoretical support for the present research was taken from the theory of cultivation analysis. Twenty-one residents of Multan belonging to upper, middle and lower socio-economic background were selected through snowball sampling technique and interviewed through WhatsApp by the researchers. The interview data was analyzed through NVIVO 10. Eight themes emerged out of the interview data and it was observed that media was cultivating fear among the users of upper and middle socio-economic backgrounds as they were using media for longer periods of time while media users of lower socio-economic background were not very fearful of this pandemic. The results supported that media has strong cultivation effects regarding COVID-19.
Economic Empowerment of Women in Socio-Cultural Perspectives in Federally Administrative Tribal Area (Pakistan): A Case Study of Kurram Agency
Authors: Wahid Fazal e , Jaffri Mehnaz , Ullah Hamid , Mohmand Muhammad Irshad Khan
Published: July 2020

The study investigates the indicators that effect women’s economic empowerment. The data collected through questionnaires, with 350 sample dimension. Pragmatic results expose that enrolment of female in education, decision making power, decision concerning household asset and economic opportunities have positive effected on WEE and significant. Participation in economy & educational retrieve hold positive and insignificant effect on WEE due to limited access to educationalists, masculinity basis, male dominancy etc. Problems of socio-cultural, poverty have negative and insignificant effect on WEE because of cultural restrictions; female workers are bounded to teaching field & functioning in their own lands. Finally, the recommendations of the study are that free access should be given to women for education regardless of ethnicity, sexual partialities and may be allowed to work along their male equivalents in order to raise the level of economic empowerment of women. The same will subsequently enhance their potential for elimination of poverty, illiteracy and self-reliance in the society.
Measurement of Stock Market Crisis & its Dimensions: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Khan Mehwish Aziz , Ahmad Eatzaz
Published: July 2020

This study explores the history of stock market crisis in the emerging market of Pakistan from different perspectives over the period July-1997 to December-2016. To identify and measure the timing of crises occurrence and their various dimensions (magnitude of crisis, days to recovery, duration of crisis, depth of crisis, size of crisis, etc.), CMAX methodology is employed. Thus, the study adds to existing literature by studying the Pakistani market in this regard and also proposing a method to quantify the intensity of crisis (within CMAX framework).  The results indicate that the two major crises of 1997-2002 and 2008-2012 are found to coincide with a number of major financial, economic and political crises in Pakistan and around the world.
Determinants of Terrorism and Its Impact on Economic Growth: A Panel Study of South Asian Region
Authors: Saddiqa Maria , Parveen Shabana , Ali Sher , Ahmed Waqas
Published: July 2020

The objective of the study is to examine the key determinants of Terrorism and its Impact on Economic Growth in case of South Asian Region. Panel data is used for the period of 1985-2018 for selected south Asian countries. Terrorism affected adversely most of the world’s regions since the start of the 1980s. The main issues which are faced by these countries are related to political or economic aspects like poverty, inflation, unemployment and repression. In present study we used the role of macroeconomic factors of terrorism. The study comprised of balance panel data and employed Fixed Effect Model to analyze the determinants of terrorism in such a way that characteristics of each country can be taken into account. The findings of the study suggest that higher literacy rate determines terrorism, as confirmed by many studies, because the more  people are educated the more knowledge they may have for making plans or strategies similarly, unemployment is not leading terrorism showing that more the people involved in terrorism are employed or experienced. A terrorist act destroys the infrastructure; people are afraid to move for their work in a terrorized society these results in low production and makes demand greater than supply consequently high inflation rate so economy has to pay higher economic cost in any form.