bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Amine in Air: An Efficient Approach to H‐Pyrazolo[5,1‐a]‐isoquinolines.
Authors: Sheng Jie , Guo Ying , Wu Jie
Published: November 2013

Enamines prepared in situ by Pd‐catalyzed oxidation of amines in air react with substrates (I) to afford pyrazoloisoquinolines in a one‐pot fashion.
ChemInform Abstract: A Luminescent and Dichroic Hexagermane.
Authors: Roewe Kimberly D. , Rheingold Arnold L. , Weinert Charles S.
Published: November 2013

The preparation and structural characterization as well as studies of the optical properties of (iPr)3Ge—(GePh2)4—Ge (iPr)3 are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Straightforward and Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of 2,2‐Di‐Substituted Perhydrofuro[2,3‐b]pyran (and furan) Derivatives Promoted by BiCl3.
Authors: Ma Xiaofeng , Tang Qin , Ke Jun , Zhang Jichao , Wang Cong , Wang Haibo , Li Yuxue , Shao Huawu
Published: November 2013

The cyclization of cyclopropanated sugars, such as (I), with olefins, e.g. (II) proceeds highly diastereoselective to afford the title compounds (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides as Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysts
Authors: Chen Wei‐Fu , Muckerman James T. , Fujita Etsuko
Published: November 2013

Review: 124 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Colloidal Supraparticles: Design, Fabrication and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Guo Jia , Yang Wuli , Wang Changchun
Published: November 2013

Review: 115 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Phthalocyanine Metal Complexes in Catalysis
Authors: Sorokin Alexander B.
Published: November 2013

Review: 303 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multidentate Actor Ligands as Versatile Platforms for Small Molecule Activation and Catalysis
Authors: Annibale Vincent T. , Song Datong
Published: November 2013

Review: 139 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Vinylcyclopropane Derivatives in Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Cycloadditions for the Synthesis of Carbocyclic Compounds
Authors: Jiao Lei , Yu Zhi‐Xiang
Published: November 2013

Review: recent advances and application to natural product synthesis; 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst Development in the Context of Ring Expansion—Addition of Carbon Dioxide to Epoxides to Give Organic Carbonates
Authors: Whiteoak Christopher J. , Kleij Arjan W.
Published: November 2013

Review: 36 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: From Micrograms to Grams. Scale‐up Synthesis of Eribulin Mesylate
Authors: Yu Melvin J. , Zheng Wanjun , Seletsky Boris M.
Published: November 2013

Review: 16 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Developments and Future Directions of Phase Diagram, Physicochemical and Optical Studies of Binary Organic Complexes
Authors: Rai R. N. , Reddi R. S. B. , Rai U. S.
Published: November 2013

Review: 117 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Realizing the Promise of Chemical Glycobiology
Authors: Wang Lai‐Xi , Davis Benjamin G.
Published: November 2013

Review: 122 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonists: A Milestone for Modern Crop Protection
Authors: Jeschke Peter , Nauen Ralf , Beck Michael Edmund
Published: November 2013

Review: 99 refs.
Population balance model: Breakage kernel parameter estimation to emulsification data
Authors: Solsvik Jannike , Becker Per J. , Sheibat‐Othman Nida , Jakobsen Hugo A.
Published: November 2013

Many processes used across, for example the cosmetics, pharmaceutical, food and chemical industries involve two‐phase liquid–liquid interactions. The quality of liquid–liquid emulsification systems may be related to the droplet size distribution. The population balance equation (PBE) can be used as a modelling tool when accurate description of the dispersed phase is required. Still, the key challenge with the formulation of predictive population balance (PB) models is experimental determination of unknown breakage and coalescence functions. The complexity in the processes and phenomena governing the changes of dispersed systems makes the derivation of the corresponding models a significant challenge.

The present study considers a PBE optimisation problem to allow parameter identification to experimental data. The experimental data are measured for a breakage dominated liquid–liquid emulsification system in a stirred tank. Parameter identifications to the breakage frequency models proposed by Coulaloglou and Tavlarides,[26] Alopaeus et al.[28] and Baldyga and Podgorska[27] are performed. The PBE is numerically solved using the high‐order least‐squares method. Moreover, the nonlinear parameter identification algorithm is based on the minimisation of the residual between the experimental data and the numerical solution in a least‐squares sense. The problem has been implemented in the programming language MATLAB where the fmincon function has been used.

Parameter estimation can sometimes be straight forward, for instance when the process and formulated model are relatively simple and sufficient data are available. These conditions are not always met, which may result in difficulties in determining accurate parameter values. A thorough statistical analysis is required in order to explore the actual accuracy of the estimated parameter values. The present study presents a relative comprehensive statistical study of the fit compared to what has been provided in previous PBE parameter estimation studies. Moreover, the optimisation algorithm and challenges associated with parameter estimation are discussed. The present study revealed, by systematically assessing the problem formulation and the fit, that a better understanding of the model and more successful parameter estimation can be achieved, or a limitation of the model is unveiled.
Solid‐State Properties and Vibrational Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy in Solution of Hybrid Foldamers Stereoisomeric Mixtures
Authors: Castellucci Nicola , Falini Giuseppe , Milli Lorenzo , Monari Magda , Abbate Sergio , Longhi Giovanna , Castiglioni Ettore , Mazzeo Giuseppe , Tomasini Claudia
Published: November 2013

Upon slow evaporation of a 1:1 diastereoisomeric mixture of Boc‐(L‐Phe‐L‐Oxd)2‐OBn (1; Boc=tert‐butyloxycarbonyl; L‐Oxd=trans‐(4S,5R)‐4‐carboxy 5‐methyloxazolidin‐2‐one, Bn=benzyloxycarbonyl) and Boc‐L‐Phe‐L‐Oxd‐D‐Phe‐L‐Oxd‐OBn (2) in methyl tert‐butyl ether, single crystals suitable for an X‐ray diffraction study were obtained. In contrast, the two pure oligomers lead to the formation of amorphous solids under any crystallization conditions. The preferential conformation of both oligomers was fully elucidated in the solid phase and compared with the known conformation of Boc‐(L‐Phe‐D‐Oxd)2‐OBn (3). The preferred conformation of 1 ranges from a polyproline II (PPII) helix to β strands and we can gather that longer and more structured oligomers will form PPII helices. In contrast, compound 3 forms infinite antiparallel β‐sheet structures; thus showing the strong effect of the reversal of the absolute configuration of the Oxd moieties on the secondary structure of these hybrid foldamers. The same outcome was retained in solution, as demonstrated by vibrational circular dichroism analysis. Finally, we have demonstrated that a 1:1 mixture of 1 and 2 leads to the formation of new materials with interesting properties that are missing from the two pure compounds, such as the tendency to form crystals, fibers, and globules, depending on the solvent.
Carbon Nitride for the Selective Oxidation of Aromatic Alcohols in Water under Visible Light
Authors: Long Baihua , Ding Zhengxin , Wang Xinchen
Published: November 2013

The front cover artwork for issue 11/2013 is provided by the group of Xincheng Wang at Fuzhou University (PR China). The image shows how a metal‐free carbon nitride photocatalyst selectively transforms aromatic alcohols into the corresponding aldehydes under visible light illumination. The Communication itself is available on page 2074.
Phylogenetic plant community structure along elevation is lineage specific
Authors: Ndiribe Charlotte , Pellissier Loïc , Antonelli Silvia , Dubuis Anne , Pottier Julien , Vittoz Pascal , Guisan Antoine , Salamin Nicolas
Published: November 2013

The trend of closely related taxa to retain similar environmental preferences mediated by inherited traits suggests that several patterns observed at the community scale originate from longer evolutionary processes. While the effects of phylogenetic relatedness have been previously studied within a single genus or family, lineage‐specific effects on the ecological processes governing community assembly have rarely been studied for entire communities or flora. Here, we measured how community phylogenetic structure varies across a wide elevation gradient for plant lineages represented by 35 families, using a co‐occurrence index and net relatedness index (NRI). We propose a framework that analyses each lineage separately and reveals the trend of ecological assembly at tree nodes. We found prevailing phylogenetic clustering for more ancient nodes and overdispersion in more recent tree nodes. Closely related species may thus rapidly evolve new environmental tolerances to radiate into distinct communities, while older lineages likely retain inherent environmental tolerances to occupy communities in similar environments, either through efficient dispersal mechanisms or the exclusion of older lineages with more divergent environmental tolerances. Our study illustrates the importance of disentangling the patterns of community assembly among lineages to better interpret the ecological role of traits. It also sheds light on studies reporting absence of phylogenetic signal, and opens new perspectives on the analysis of niche and trait conservatism across lineages.
Spectroscopic Studies and Crystal Structures of Double Thorium(IV) Oxalates with Sodium Ions
Authors: Zhang Yingjie , Bhadbhade Mohan , Karatchevtseva Inna , Gao Jiabin , Price Jason R. , Lumpkin Gregory R.
Published: November 2013

Two new double thorium oxalates with sodium ions have been prepared and characterized by using scanning electron microscopy/energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), Raman spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The crystal structure of Na4[Th(C2O4)4]·5.5H2O (1) contains infinite chains, [Th(μ2‐C2O4)2(C2O4)3]n4n–, with three terminating bidentate and two bridging tetradentate oxalate ligands. The crystal structure of Na10[Th2(C2O4)9]·15H2O (2) comprises unique dimers, [Th2(μ2‐C2O4)(C2O4)8]10–, with Th atoms being coordinated by five oxalato ligands, four terminating bidentate and one bridging tetradentate. The structure is the first dimer of tetravalent actinide oxalato complexes. The spectroscopic results are in good agreement with the crystal structures.
Highlight Article summary: What are the trans fatty acids issues in foods after discontinuation of industrially produced trans fats? Ruminant products, vegetable oils, and synthetic supplements
Authors: Aldai Noelia , de Renobales Mertxe , Barron Luis Javier R. , Kramer John K.G.
Published: November 2013

Adverse health effect of trans fatty acids (TFAs) are well recognized, which has precipitated efforts to reduce their content in food products. With the decline of dietary TFAs derived from partial oil hydrogenation, interest is focused on the remaining sources of dietary TFAs derived from ruminants (rTFA), deodorized vegetable oils, trans isomerization during frying, and synthetic conjugated FA (CFA) supplements. Partial hydrogenation and heat‐treated oils result in a random distribution of TFA isomers, whereas rTFAs contain specific isomers resulting from enzymatic processes. Reviews of human observational and metabolic intervention studies have suggested that consumption of rTFAs at current levels should not raise health concerns. However, these studies were not based on rTFA levels currently sold in retail markets. Current feeding practices of ruminants result in higher total TFAs with trans‐18:1 isomers other than vaccenic acid, and many CFAs other than rumenic acid. The definition of TFA adopted by several countries does not distinguish among isolated TFAs of concern and ignores CFAs that should be included in total TFA due to their negative health effects. Accurate TFA definition establishment and nutritional assessment of individual TFA isomers is needed for labeling purposes. Also required are adoptions of analytical methods to resolve all TFA isomers. This information can then be used to construct a database and as a basis for meaningful recommendations.

Practical applications: Areas that require further investigations have been identified: 1) Establish a uniform TFA nomenclature based on chemical structure. 2) Standardize, assess and normalize appropriate methodologies for the analysis of TFAs. 3) Synthesize pure reference standards for TFA identification. 4) Report individual TFA levels with different biological activities rather than total TFA content. 5) Assess the nutritional characteristics of individual TFAs independent of their origin. 6) Develop strategies to increase the content of desirable TFA isomers in ruminants. 7) Identify potential bioactive trans metabolites produced from PUFAs in ruminants. 8) Develop labeling regulations based on specific chemical structures and physiological effects regardless of their origin. 9) Construct an accurate database complemented with specific surveys of ruminant product FA composition that can be accessed by regulatory agencies to make appropriate TFA recommendations.
Geophysical constraints on deep weathering and water storage potential in the Southern Sierra Critical Zone Observatory
Authors: Holbrook W. Steven , Riebe Clifford S. , Elwaseif Mehrez , L. Hayes Jorden , Basler‐Reeder Kyle , L. Harry Dennis , Malazian Armen , Dosseto Anthony , C. Hartsough Peter , W. Hopmans Jan
Published: November 2013

The conversion of bedrock to regolith marks the inception of critical zone processes, but the factors that regulate it remain poorly understood. Although the thickness and degree of weathering of regolith are widely thought to be important regulators of the development of regolith and its water‐storage potential, the functional relationships between regolith properties and the processes that generate it remain poorly documented. This is due in part to the fact that regolith is difficult to characterize by direct observations over the broad scales needed for process‐based understanding of the critical zone. Here we use seismic refraction and resistivity imaging techniques to estimate variations in regolith thickness and porosity across a forested slope and swampy meadow in the Southern Sierra Critical Zone Observatory (SSCZO). Inferred seismic velocities and electrical resistivities image a weathering zone ranging in thickness from 10 to 35 m (average = 23 m) along one intensively studied transect. The inferred weathering zone consists of roughly equal thicknesses of saprolite (P‐velocity < 2 km s−1) and moderately weathered bedrock (P‐velocity = 2–4 km s−1). A minimum‐porosity model assuming dry pore space shows porosities as high as 50% near the surface, decreasing to near zero at the base of weathered rock. Physical properties of saprolite samples from hand augering and push cores are consistent with our rock physics model when variations in pore saturation are taken into account. Our results indicate that saprolite is a crucial reservoir of water, potentially storing an average of 3 m3 m−2 of water along a forested slope in the headwaters of the SSCZO. When coupled with published erosion rates from cosmogenic nuclides, our geophysical estimates of weathering zone thickness imply regolith residence times on the order of 105 years. Thus, soils at the surface today may integrate weathering over glacial–interglacial fluctuations in climate. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of retinoic acid–induced neurobehavioral effects in developing zebrafish
Authors: Wang Yujiang , Chen Jiangfei , Du Changchun , Li Chunqi , Huang Changjiang , Dong Qiaoxiang
Published: November 2013

Retinoic signaling plays an important role in cell proliferation and differentiation. Disruption of retinoic signaling via excessive or deficient retinoic acid can cause teratogenic effects on developing embryos. Similar to retinoic acid, many xenobiotic environmental pollutants have been found to disrupt retinoic signaling through binding and eliciting agonistic activity on retinoic acid receptors. Currently, studies of retinoic acid or retinoic acid–like compounds in aquatic organisms have mainly focused on teratogenicity and few studies have explored their neurobehavioral toxicity. In the present study, the authors used retinoic acid as an example to explore the neurobehavioral toxicity associated with developmental exposure of retinoic acid–like compounds in zebrafish. The findings confirmed retinoic acid's teratogenic effects such as bent spine, malformed tail, and pericardial edema in developing zebrafish with a median effective concentration of 2.47 nM. Retinoic acid–induced cell apoptosis at 24 h postfertilization was consistently found in the eye and tail regions of embryos. Spontaneous movement as characterized by tail bend frequency was significantly increased in zebrafish embryos following exposure to 2 nM and 8 nM retinoic acid. Relatively low-dose retinoic acid exposure of 2 nM led to fast locomotion behavior in the dark period and hyperactivity during light–dark photoperiod stimulation. The 2-nM retinoic acid exposure also led to alterations of neurobehavior- and optic nerve–related genes, with the transforming growth factor-β signal transduction inhibitor noggin (nog) and the spinal cord marker homeobox c3a (hox) being underexpressed and the retinal G protein–coupled receptor a (rgr), the photoreceptor cell marker rhodopsin (rho), and the short wave–sensitive cone pigment opsin 1 (opn1sw1) being overexpressed. Increased expression of opn1sw1 and rho was confirmed by whole-mount in situ hybridization. Whether the misexpression of these genes leads to the neurobehavioral changes merits further study. The findings demonstrated that low-dose retinoic acid exposure perturbed the visual system and optic nerve development and caused hyperactivity in developing zebrafish. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:431–437. © 2013 SETAC
Strong sediments at the deformation front, and weak sediments at the rear of the Nankai accretionary prism, revealed by triaxial deformation experiments
Authors: Stipp Michael , Rolfs Malte , Kitamura Yujin , Behrmann Jan H. , Schumann Kai , Schulte‐Kortnack Detlef , Feeser Volker
Published: November 2013

Nineteen whole‐round core samples from the Nankai accretionary prism (IODP Expeditions 315, 316, and 333) from a depth range of 28–128 m below sea floor were experimentally deformed in a triaxial cell under consolidated and undrained conditions at confining pressures of 400–1000 kPa, room temperature, axial displacement rates of 0.01–9.0 mm/min, and up to axially compressive strains of ∼64%. Despite great similarities in composition and grain size distribution of the silty clay samples, two distinct “rheological groups” are distinguished: The first group shows deviatoric peak stress after only a few percent of compressional strain (<10%) and a continuous stress decrease after peak conditions. Simultaneous to this decrease is a pore pressure increase indicating contractant behavior characteristic of structurally weak material. The second sample group weakens only moderately at a much higher strength level after significantly higher strain (>10%), or does not weaken at all. This is characteristic of structurally strong material. The strong samples tend to be overconsolidated and are all from the drillsites at the accretionary prism toe, while the weak and normally consolidated samples come from the immediate hanging wall of a megasplay fault further upslope. Sediments from the incoming plate are also structurally weak. The observed differences in mechanical behavior may hold a key for understanding strain localization and brittle faulting within the uniform silty and clayey sedimentary sequence of the Nankai accretionary prism.
Mortality of non‐participants in cervical screening: Register‐based cohort study
Authors: Dugué Pierre‐Antoine , Lynge Elsebeth , Rebolj Matejka
Published: November 2013

The selective uptake of screening by healthy participants and its impact on the evaluation of screening effectiveness in non‐randomized studies have been discussed, but hardly studied. We quantified excess mortality among cervical screening non‐participants compared to participants. Based on Danish healthcare registers, we determined women's participation in cervical screening in 1990–1993 (one screening round) and 1990–1997 (two screening rounds). Women were followed until end of 2010. We computed hazard ratios (HR) comparing non‐participants' and participants' risk of death, and analyzed the impact of age, calendar period of screening evaluation, screening intensity, length of follow‐up and cause of death. After one screening round, the 17‐year HR of death in non‐participants was 1.61 (95% CI: 1.59–1.63), with an increasing trend over calendar time. After two rounds, regular non‐participants had a HR of 2.09 (95% CI: 2.05–2.14) compared to regular participants. The HR for human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related cancers other than cervical cancer was 3.80 (95% CI: 2.67–5.41). Younger women, whose coverage rates were higher, had higher all‐cause mortality HRs. Women screened more frequently than recommended had the same mortality as those screened as recommended. Acute illness did not seem to be a major reason for non‐participation, as the excess risk of death was not higher in the first years following screening evaluation. Non‐participants in cervical screening had substantially higher all‐cause mortality than participants, and a particularly increased risk of HPV‐related causes of death. These results indicate that improper control for the selective uptake of cervical screening may result in overestimating its effectiveness.
The effects of cannabidiol and its synergism with bortezomib in multiple myeloma cell lines. A role for transient receptor potential vanilloid type‐2
Authors: Morelli Maria Beatrice , Offidani Massimo , Alesiani Francesco , Discepoli Giancarlo , Liberati Sonia , Olivieri Attilio , Santoni Matteo , Santoni Giorgio , Leoni Pietro , Nabissi Massimo
Published: November 2013

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell (PC) malignancy characterised by the accumulation of a monoclonal PC population in the bone marrow (BM). Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non‐psychoactive cannabinoid with antitumoural activities, and the transient receptor potential vanilloid type‐2 (TRPV2) channel has been reported as a potential CBD receptor. TRPV2 activation by CBD decreases proliferation and increases susceptibility to drug‐induced cell death in human cancer cells. However, no functional role has been ascribed to CBD and TRPV2 in MM. In this study, we identified the presence of heterogeneous CD138+TRPV2+ and CD138+TRPV2− PC populations in MM patients, whereas only the CD138+ TRPV2− population was present in RPMI8226 and U266 MM cell lines. Because bortezomib (BORT) is commonly used in MM treatment, we investigated the effects of CBD and BORT in CD138+TRPV2− MM cells and in MM cell lines transfected with TRPV2 (CD138+TRPV2+). These results showed that CBD by itself or in synergy with BORT strongly inhibited growth, arrested cell cycle progression and induced MM cells death by regulating the ERK, AKT and NF‐κB pathways with major effects in TRPV2+ cells. These data provide a rationale for using CBD to increase the activity of proteasome inhibitors in MM.
Exposure to road traffic and railway noise and postmenopausal breast cancer: A cohort study
Authors: Sørensen Mette , Ketzel Matthias , Overvad Kim , Tjønneland Anne , Raaschou‐Nielsen Ole
Published: November 2013

Exposure to traffic noise may result in stress and sleep disturbances. Studies on self‐reported sleep duration and breast cancer risk have found inconsistent results. In a population‐based Danish cohort of 29,875 women aged 50–64 years at enrolment in 1993–1997, we identified 1219 incident, postmenopausal breast cancer cases during follow‐up through 2010. Mean follow‐up time was 12.3 years. Road traffic and railway noise was calculated for all present and historical residential addresses from 1987 to 2010. We used Cox proportional hazard model for analyses and adjusted for hormone replacement therapy use, parity, alcohol consumption and other potential confounders. We found no overall association between residential road traffic or railway noise and breast cancer risk. Among women with estrogen receptor negative breast cancer, a 10‐dB higher level of road traffic noise (continuous scale) during the previous 1, 5 and 10 years were associated with 28% (95% CI: 1.04–1.56), 23% (95% CI: 1.00–1.51) and 20% (95% CI: 0.97–1.48) higher risks of estrogen receptor negative breast cancer, respectively, in fully adjusted models. Similarly, a 10‐dB increase in railway noise (1‐year mean at diagnosis address) increased risk for estrogen receptor negative breast cancer by 38% (95% CI: 1.01–1.89). There was no association between road traffic or railway noise and estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. In conclusion, these results suggest that residential road traffic and railway noise may increase risk of estrogen receptor negative breast cancer. As the first study on traffic noise and breast cancer results should be treated with caution.
Commonality and differences of methylation signatures in the plasma of patients with pancreatic cancer and colorectal cancer
Authors: Melson Joshua , Li Yan , Cassinotti Elisa , Melnikov Anatoliy , Boni Luigi , Ai Junmei , Greenspan Michael , Mobarhan Sohrab , Levenson Victor , Deng Youping
Published: November 2013

Profiling of DNA methylation status of specific genes is a way to screen for colorectal cancer (CRC) and pancreatic cancer (PC) in blood. The commonality of methylation status of cancer‐related tumor suppressor genes between CRC and PC is largely unknown. Methylation status of 56 cancer‐related genes was compared in plasma of patients in the following cohorts: CRC, PC and healthy controls. Cross validation determined the best model by area under ROC curve (AUC) to differentiate cancer methylation profiles from controls. Optimal preferential gene methylation signatures were derived to differentiate either cancer (CRC or PC) from controls. For CRC alone, a three gene signature (CYCD2, HIC and VHL) had an AUC 0.9310, sensitivity (Sens) = 0.826, specificity (Spec) = 0.9383. For PC alone, an optimal signature consisted of five genes (VHL, MYF3, TMS, GPC3 and SRBC), AUC 0.848; Sens = 0.807, Spec = 0.666. Combined PC and CRC signature or “combined cancer signature” was derived to differentiate either CRC and PC from controls (MDR1, SRBC, VHL, MUC2, RB1, SYK and GPC3) AUC = 0.8177, Sens = 0.6316 Spec = 0.840. In a validation cohort, N = 10 CRC patients, the optimal CRC signature (CYCD2, HIC and VHL) had AUC 0.900. In all derived signatures (CRC, PC and combined cancer signature) the optimal panel used preferential VHL methylation. In conclusion, CRC and PC differ in specific genes methylated in plasma other than VHL. Preferential methylation of VHL is shared in the optimal signature for CRC alone, PC alone and combined PC and CRC. Future investigations may identify additional methylation markers informative for the presence of both CRC and PC.
Spectroscopic biofeedback on cutaneous carotenoids as part of a prevention program could be effective to raise health awareness in adolescents
Authors: Yu Ruo‐Xi , Köcher Wolfgang , Darvin Maxim E. , Büttner Monika , Jung Sora , Lee Bich Na , Klotter Christoph , Hurrelmann Klaus , Meinke Martina C. , Lademann Jürgen
Published: November 2013

The cutaneous carotenoid concentration correlates with the overall antioxidant status of a person and can be seen as biomarker for nutrition and lifestyle. 50 high school students were spectroscopically measured for their cutaneous carotenoid concentrations initially in a static phase, followed by an intervention phase with biofeedback of their measured values, living a healthy lifestyle and on healthy food this time. The volunteers showed higher carotenoid concentrations than found in previous studies. A significant correlation of healthy lifestyle habits and a high antioxidant status could be determined. Subjects improved their nutritional habits and significantly increased their carotenoid concentration during intervention. Follow‐up five months later showed a consolidation of the increase. The investigations show that a healthy diet and a well‐balanced lifestyle correlate with a high cutaneous antioxidant concentration and that spectroscopic biofeedback measurement of cutaneous carotenoids as part of an integrated prevention program is a feasible and effective means to raise the health awareness in adolescents. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Arctigenin Enhances Chemosensitivity to Cisplatin in Human Nonsmall Lung Cancer H460 Cells through Downregulation of Survivin Expression
Authors: Wang Huan‐qin , Jin Jian‐jun , Wang Jing
Published: November 2013

Arctigenin, a dibenzylbutyrolactone lignan, enhances cisplatin‐mediated cell apoptosis in cancer cells. Here, we sought to investigate the effects of arctigenin on cisplatin‐treated non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) H460 cells. The 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and annexin‐V/propidium iodide staining were performed to analyze the proliferation and apoptosis of H460 cells. Arctigenin dose‐dependently suppressed cell proliferation and potentiated cell apoptosis, coupled with increased cleavage of caspase‐3 and poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase. Moreover, arctigenin sensitized H460 cells to cisplatin‐induced proliferation inhibition and apoptosis. Arctigenin alone or in combination with cisplatin had a significantly lower amount of survivin. Ectopic expression of survivin decreased cell apoptosis induced by arctigenin (P < 0.05) or in combination with cisplatin (P < 0.01). Moreover, arctigenin (P < 0.05) or in combination with cisplatin (P < 0.01) induced G1/G0 cell‐cycle arrest. Our data provide evidence that arctigenin has a therapeutic potential in combina‐tion with chemotherapeutic agents for NSLC.
Chemoselective Synthesis of β‐Amino Ester or β‐Lactam via Sonochemical Reformatsky Reaction
Authors: Lee Adam Shih‐Yuan , Chang Yu‐Ting , Su Feng‐Yi
Published: November 2013

A series of β‐amino esters were synthesized by the reaction of N‐tosyl aldimine or N‐hydroxy aldimine with bromoacetate by sonochemical Reformatsky reaction. The β‐N‐hydroxyamino ester was obtained and the formed sensitive hydroxylamino functionality was resistant under the reaction condition. The β‐lactam also was synthesized by the reaction of N‐p‐methoxy aldimine as reacting substrate under this sonochemical Reformatsky reaction condition.
An Efficient One‐pot Access to Substituted Dihydropyrrol‐2‐one Derivatives Using Sucrose as Natural, Biodegradable and Inexpensive Catalyst
Authors: Hazeri Nourallah , Sajadikhah Seyed Sajad , Maghsoodlou Malek Taher , Mohamadian‐Souri Sajad , Norouzi Mahmoud , Moein Maryam
Published: November 2013

An efficient and simple procedure for the synthesis of highly substituted dihydropyrrol‐2‐ones has been developed via one‐pot four‐component condensation of amines, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxyaltes and formaldehyde in the presence of sucrose as an organocatalyst. The salient advantages of this method are using a natural, biodegradable and commercial available catalyst, good yields, short reaction times, simple work‐up and lack of need for column chromatography.
Synthesis of Phosphatidylinositol Mannosides
Authors: Patil Pratap S. , Zulueta Medel Manuel L. , Hung Shang‐Cheng
Published: November 2013

The cell envelope of mycobacterial species, which include the deadly Mycobacterium tuberculosis, carries unique glycan structures that are crucial for infection and bacterial survival. Notable among these glycans are the structurally‐related phosphatidylinositol mannosides (PIMs), lipomannan, and lipoarabinomannan. The immunoactivities of these structures attracted considerable attention from synthetic chemists and biologists alike, who are keen on evaluating vaccine or adjuvant properties. Moreover, PIMs are interesting synthetic targets because of the regio‐ and stereoselective considerations in generating the inositol and mannosyl cores. In this paper, we summarize the recent efforts in the chemical synthesis of PIMs as well as their analogues. Particular emphasis is given on the challenges associated with the preparation of the chiral myo‐inositol derivatives, the regioselective installation of mannosyl residues, and phosphatidylation strategies. The results of the bioevaluation of selected compounds are also briefly described.
Development and validation of a novel method to derive central aortic systolic pressure from the MR aortic distension curve
Authors: Quail Michael A. , Steeden Jennifer A. , Knight Daniel , Segers Patrick , Taylor Andrew M. , Muthurangu Vivek
Published: November 2013

Purpose

Central aortic systolic pressure (CASP) is a more accurate measure of load and cardiovascular risk than brachial pressure. Unfortunately, CASP is difficult to measure using current methods. In this study we report three methods of determining CASP by combining MR‐derived aortic area curves with different models of the pressure–area relationship.

Materials and Methods

CASP was derived by calibrating aortic area curves to the brachial mean and diastolic pressure, using: linear, exponential, and arctangent models in 20 volunteers using a high temporal resolution spiral PC‐MR flow sequence. The arctangent model also required calibration with pulse wave velocity. Carotid tonometry CASP was used as the reference standard.

Results

Brachial systolic pressure correlated only moderately with carotid CASP r2 = 0.46 (P = 0.01). However, arctangent, exponential, and linear CASP correlated strongly with carotid CASP, r2 = 0.90, r2 = 0.86, r2 = 0.85, respectively (P < 0.0001). There was excellent agreement between carotid CASP and both arctangent (bias 1.5; SD 3.3) and exponential CASP (bias 0.6; SD 3.6). There was a slight underestimation using the linear model (bias −2.3; SD 3.8) and poor agreement and overestimation using brachial systolic pressure (bias 12.9; SD 8.0).

Conclusion

We have shown that CASP can be derived from MR data: arctangent and exponential methods being superior to the linear method. The superior correlation of MR derived CASP over brachial systolic BP suggests these measures will allow more comprehensive assessment of systemic arterial hypertension.J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:1064–1070. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantification of cerebral blood flow in healthy volunteers and type 1 diabetic patients: Comparison of MRI arterial spin labeling and [15O]H2O positron emission tomography (PET)
Authors: van Golen Larissa W. , Kuijer Joost P.A. , Huisman Marc C. , IJzerman Richard G. , Barkhof Frederik , Diamant Michaela , Lammertsma Adriaan A.
Published: November 2013

Purpose

To compare cerebral blood flow (CBF) values measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) arterial spin labeling (ASL) with those obtained with [15O]H2O positron emission tomography (PET), the gold standard for measuring CBF in vivo.

Materials and Methods

Data were collected in 11 healthy men and in 20 age‐ and body mass index (BMI)‐matched type 1 diabetic men. Pseudo‐continuous ASL (PCASL) data were acquired at 3 T and [15O]H2O PET scans were acquired using a high‐resolution PET scanner. Input functions were obtained using on‐line arterial blood sampling. Whole brain and regional CBF values were compared.

Results

For both modalities, whole brain CBF was similar in both subject groups. In groups combined, average whole brain CBF was 0.30 ± 0.05 mL·cm−3·min−1 for [15O]H2O PET and 0.34 ± 0.05 mL·cm−3·min−1 for ASL MRI (P < 0.01). A significant correlation between methods was observed for whole brain, gray and white matter. In 12 out of 33 brain regions a significant difference between methods was observed.

Conclusion

PCASL provides CBF values that correlate with [15O]H2O PET‐derived values, but is less accurate. PCASL may be an attractive alternative when absolute quantification is not needed.J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:1300–1309. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantitative assessment of susceptibility‐weighted imaging processing methods
Authors: Li Ningzhi , Wang Wen‐Tung , Sati Pascal , Pham Dzung L. , Butman John A.
Published: November 2013

Purpose

To evaluate different susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) phase processing methods and parameter selection, thereby improving understanding of potential artifacts, as well as facilitating choice of methodology in clinical settings.

Materials and Methods

Two major phase processing methods, homodyne‐filtering and phase unwrapping‐high pass (HP) filtering, were investigated with various phase unwrapping approaches, filter sizes, and filter types. Magnitude and phase images were acquired from a healthy subject and brain injury patients on a 3T clinical Siemens MRI system. The results were evaluated based on image contrast‐to‐noise ratio and presence of processing artifacts.

Results

When using a relatively small filter size (32 pixels for the matrix size 512 × 512 pixels), all homodyne‐filtering methods were subject to phase errors leading to 2% to 3% masked brain area in lower and middle axial slices. All phase unwrapping‐filtering/smoothing approaches demonstrated fewer phase errors and artifacts compared to the homodyne‐filtering approaches. For performing phase unwrapping, Fourier‐based methods, although less accurate, were 2–4 orders of magnitude faster than the PRELUDE, Goldstein, and Quality‐guide methods.

Conclusion

Although homodyne‐filtering approaches are faster and more straightforward, phase unwrapping followed by HP filtering approaches perform more accurately in a wider variety of acquisition scenarios. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:1463–1473. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Purification and biochemical characterization of an alkaline pectin lyase from Fusarium decemcellulareMTCC 2079 suitable for Crotolaria juncea fiber retting
Authors: Yadav Sangeeta , Dubey Amit Kumar , Anand Gautam , Kumar Reetesh , Yadav Dinesh
Published: November 2013

An extracellular pectin lyase secreted by Fusarium decemcellulare MTCC 2079 under solid state fermentation condition has been purified to electrophoretic homogeniety by using ammonium sulfate fractionation, carboxymethyl cellulose and gel filtration (Sephadex G‐100) column chromatographies. The purified enzyme showed single protein band corresponding to molecular mass 45 ± 01 kDa on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme had maximum activity at pH 9.0 and showed maximum stability in the pH range of 9.0–12.0. The optimum temperature of the purified enzyme was 50 °C and it showed maximum stability upto 40 °C. The energy of activation for the thermal denaturation (Ea) was 59.06 kJ mol−1 K−1. The Km and kcat values using citrus pectin as the substrate were 0.125 mg ml−1 and 72.9 s−1 in 100 mM sodium carbonate buffer pH 9.0 at 50 °C. The biophysical studies on pectin lyase showed that its secondary structure belongs to α + β class of protein with comparatively less of β‐sheets. Purified pectin lyase showed efficient retting of Crotolaria juncea fibers.
Galactose‐Functionalized Gelatin Hydrogels Improve the Functionality of Encapsulated Hepg2 Cells
Authors: Gevaert Elien , Billiet Thomas , Declercq Heidi , Dubruel Peter , Cornelissen Ria
Published: November 2013

The present study investigates the effect of galactosylated gelatin on encapsulated HepG2 cells. Methacrylamide modified gelatin is evaluated and compared with its galactosylated counterpart with respect to effects on viability, morphological characteristics, proliferation, and the expression of hepatocyte specific markers. The research reveals that further modifications of methacrylamide modified gelatin are possible without affecting the survival of the encapsulated cells (viability of 90%). Moreover, the study demonstrates a clear and long‐term (up to 21 d) improvement in hepatocyte specific gene expression when the cells are encapsulated in the galactosylated gelatin. It is concluded that the use of galactosylated gelatin derivates supports the hepatocyte phenotype.
Efficient Separation of Conjugated Polymers Using a Water Soluble Glycoprotein Matrix: From Fluorescence Materials to Light Emitting Devices
Authors: Hendler Netta , Wildeman Jurjen , Mentovich Elad. D. , Schnitzler Tobias , Belgorodsky Bogdan , Prusty Deepak K. , Rimmerman Dolev , Herrmann Andreas , Richter Shachar
Published: November 2013

Optically active bio‐composite blends of conjugated polymers or oligomers are fabricated by complexing them with bovine submaxilliary mucin (BSM) protein. The BSM matrix is exploited to host hydrophobic extended conjugated π‐systems and to prevent undesirable aggregation and render such materials water soluble. This method allows tuning the emission color of solutions and films from the basic colors to the technologically challenging white emission. Furthermore, electrically driven light emitting biological devices are prepared and operated.
Amphoteric, Prevailingly Cationic L‐Arginine Polymers of Poly(amidoamino acid) Structure: Synthesis, Acid/Base Properties and Preliminary Cytocompatibility and Cell‐Permeating Characterizations
Authors: Ferruti Paolo , Mauro Nicolò , Falciola Luigi , Pifferi Valentina , Bartoli Cristina , Gazzarri Matteo , Chiellini Federica , Ranucci Elisabetta
Published: November 2013

A linear amphoteric poly(amidoamino acid), L‐ARGO7, is prepared by Michael‐type polyaddition of L‐arginine with N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide. Chain‐extension of acrylamide end‐capped L‐ARGO7 oligomers with piperazine leads to high‐molecular‐weight copolymers in which L‐arginine maintains its absolute configuration. Acid/base properties of L‐ARGO7 polymers show isolectric points of ≈10 and positive net average charges per repeating unit at pH = 7.4 from 0.25 to 0.40. These arginine‐rich synthetic polymers possibly share some of the unique biological properties of polyarginine cell‐permeating peptides. In vitro tests with mouse embryo fibroblasts balb/3T3 clone A31 show that L‐ARGO7 polymers are endowed with effective cell internalization ability combined with minimal cytotoxicity.
Epoxides as Reducing Agents for Low‐Catalyst‐Concentration Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization
Authors: Woodruff Shannon R. , Davis Brad J. , Tsarevsky Nicolay V.
Published: November 2013

Activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET ATRP) conditions utilizing a low concentration of catalyst are successfully applied for the preparation of well‐defined poly(glycidyl methacrylate) without the addition of external reducing agents. The living character of polymerization is evidenced by successful chain extensions with methyl methacrylate and methyl acrylate, again, in the absence of additional reducing agents, yielding block copolymers. The epoxide groups in glycidyl methacrylate or the corresponding polymer can serve as an intrinsic reducing agent to continuously regenerate the CuI‐based ATRP activator from the CuII halide complex present in the systems. The reactivity of various epoxides in the reduction of the CuIIBr2 complex of tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine is compared.

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Non‐Radial Growth of Helical Homopolymer Crystals: Breaking the Paradigm of the Polymer Spherulite Microstructure
Authors: Rosenthal Martin , Hernandez Jaime J. , Odarchenko Yaroslav I. , Soccio Michela , Lotti Nadia , Di Cola Emanuela , Burghammer Manfred , Ivanov Dimitri A.
Published: November 2013

Radial symmetry is essential for the conventional view of the polymer spherulite microstructure. Typically it is assumed that, in the course of the spherulite morphogenesis, the lamellar crystals grow radially. Using submicron X‐ray diffraction, it is shown that in banded spherulites of poly(propylene adipate) the crystals have the shape of a helix with flat‐on crystals winding around a virtual cylinder of about 6 µm in diameter. The helix angle of 30° implies that the crystal growth direction is tilted away from the spherulite radius by this angle. The implications of the helical crystal shape contradict the paradigm of the spherulitic microstructure. The radial growth rate of such spherulites does not correspond to the crystal growth rate, but to the propagation rate of the virtual cylinder the ribbons wind around.

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The rhizosphere microbial community in a multiple parallel mineralization system suppresses the pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum
Authors: Fujiwara Kazuki , Iida Yuichiro , Iwai Takashi , Aoyama Chihiro , Inukai Ryuya , Ando Akinori , Ogawa Jun , Ohnishi Jun , Terami Fumihiro , Takano Masao , Shinohara Makoto
Published: November 2013

The rhizosphere microbial community in a hydroponics system with multiple parallel mineralization (MPM) can potentially suppress root‐borne diseases. This study focused on revealing the biological nature of the suppression against Fusarium wilt disease, which is caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum, and describing the factors that may influence the fungal pathogen in the MPM system. We demonstrated that the rhizosphere microbiota that developed in the MPM system could suppress Fusarium wilt disease under in vitro and greenhouse conditions. The microbiological characteristics of the MPM system were able to control the population dynamics of F. oxysporum, but did not eradicate the fungal pathogen. The roles of the microbiological agents underlying the disease suppression and the magnitude of the disease suppression in the MPM system appear to depend on the microbial density. F. oxysporum that survived in the MPM system formed chlamydospores when exposed to the rhizosphere microbiota. These results suggest that the microbiota suppresses proliferation of F. oxysporum by controlling the pathogen's morphogenesis and by developing an ecosystem that permits coexistence with F. oxysporum.
Bridging the Transition from Hospital to Home: Effects of the VITAL Telehealth Program on Recovery for CABG Surgery Patients and their Caregivers
Authors: Keeping‐Burke Lisa , Purden Margaret , Frasure‐Smith Nancy , Cossette Sylvie , McCarthy Frank , Amsel Rhonda
Published: November 2013

The purpose of this randomized trial was to determine whether coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients and their caregivers who received telehealth follow‐up had greater improvements in anxiety levels from pre‐surgery to 3 weeks after discharge than did those who received standard care. Secondary outcomes included changes in depressive symptoms and patients' contacts with physicians. No group differences were noted in changes in patients' anxiety and depressive symptoms, but patients in the telehealth group had fewer physician contacts (p = .04). Female caregivers in the telehealth group had greater decreases in anxiety than those in standard care (p < .001), and caregivers of both genders in the telehealth group had greater decreases in depressive symptoms (p = .03). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 36: 540–553, 2013
Childhood cancer in Africa
Authors: Kruger Mariana , Hendricks Marc , Davidson Alan , Stefan Cristina D , van Eyssen Ann L , Uys Ronelle , van Zyl Anel , Hesseling Peter
Published: November 2013

The majority of children with cancer live in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) with little or no access to cancer treatment. The purpose of the paper is to describe the current status of childhood cancer treatment in Africa, as documented in publications, dedicated websites and information collected through surveys. Successful twinning programmes, like those in Malawi and Cameroon, as well as the collaborative clinical trial approach of the Franco‐African Childhood Cancer Group (GFAOP), provide good models for childhood cancer treatment. The overview will hopefully influence health‐care policies to facilitate access to cancer care for all children in Africa. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:587–592. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.