bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation in 2021 world health organization classification grade 3 and 4 glioma adult-type diffuse gliomas with 18F-fluoromisonidazole PET
Authors: Wang Yang , Fushimi Yasutaka , Arakawa Yoshiki , Shimizu Yoichi , Sano Kohei , Sakata Akihiko , Nakajima Satoshi , Okuchi Sachi , Hinoda Takuya , Oshima Sonoko , Otani Sayo , Ishimori Takayoshi , Tanji Masahiro , Mineharu Yohei , Yoshida Kazumichi , Nakamoto Yuji
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the uptake characteristics of 18F-fluoromisonidazole (FMISO), in mutant-type isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH-mutant, grade 3 and 4) and wild-type IDH (IDH-wildtype, grade 4) 2021 WHO classification adult-type diffuse gliomas.

Materials and methods

Patients with grade 3 and 4 adult-type diffuse gliomas (n = 35) were included in this prospective study. After registering 18F-FMISO PET and MR images, standardized uptake value (SUV) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were evaluated in hyperintense areas on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging (HIA), and in contrast-enhanced tumors (CET) by manually placing 3D volumes of interest. Relative SUVmax (rSUVmax) and SUVmean (rSUVmean), 10th percentile of ADC (ADC10pct), mean ADC (ADCmean) were measured in HIA and CET, respectively.

Results

rSUVmean in HIA and rSUVmean in CET were significantly higher in IDH-wildtype than in IDH-mutant (P = 0.0496 and 0.03, respectively). The combination of FMISO rSUVmean in HIA and ADC10pct in CET, that of rSUVmax and ADC10pct in CET, that of rSUVmean in HIA and ADCmean in CET, were able to differentiate IDH-mutant from IDH-wildtype (AUC 0.80). When confined to astrocytic tumors except for oligodendroglioma, rSUVmax, rSUVmean in HIA and rSUVmean in CET were higher for IDH-wildtype than for IDH-mutant, but not significantly (P = 0.23, 0.13 and 0.14, respectively). The combination of FMISO rSUVmean in HIA and ADC10pct in CET was able to differentiate IDH-mutant (AUC 0.81).

Conclusion

PET using 18F-FMISO and ADC might provide a valuable tool for differentiating between IDH mutation status of 2021 WHO classification grade 3 and 4 adult-type diffuse gliomas.
Rurbanity: a concept for the interdisciplinary study of rural–urban transformation
Authors: Hoffmann Ellen M. , Schareika Nikolaus , Dittrich Christoph , Schlecht Eva , Sauer Daniela , Buerkert Andreas
Published: May 2023

Along with climate change, population growth, and overexploitation of natural resources, urbanisation is among the major global challenges of our time. It is a nexus where many of the world’s grand challenges intersect, and thus key to sustainable development. The widespread understanding of urbanisation as a successive and unidirectional transformation of landscapes and societies from a rural to an urban state is increasingly questioned. Examples from around the globe show that ‘the rural’ and ‘the urban’ are not only highly interdependent, but actually coexist and often merge in the same space or livelihood strategy. Our concept of rurbanity provides an integrated theoretical framework which overcomes the rural–urban divide and can be operationalised for empirical research. Rurbanity is the next stringent step following the gradual widening of previous concepts from urban-centred approaches through the emphasis on urban peripheries to attempts of abolishing any distinction of a rural environment and acknowledging the highly dynamic nature of globalising urbanisation. Building on complex systems theory and assemblage thinking, our concept explores complementary aspects of the distinct epistemic worldviews dominating the natural and social sciences. Within this theoretical frame, we derive four analytical dimensions as entry points for empirical research: Endowments and Place, Flows and Connectivity, Institutions and Behaviour, and Lifestyles and Livelihoods. Two examples illustrate how these dimensions apply, interact, and together lead to a comprehensive, insightful understanding of rurban phenomena. Such understanding can be an effective starting point for assessing potential contributions of rurbanity to long-term global sustainability.
Weight-Related Outcomes After Revisional Bariatric Surgery in Patients with Non-response After Sleeve Gastrectomy—a Systematic Review
Authors: Axer Stephan , Lederhuber Hans , Stiede Franziska , Szabo Eva , Näslund Ingmar
Published: May 2023

Weight non-response after sleeve gastrectomy is an emerging issue. This systematic review compared revisional procedures for weight-related outcomes. We searched several databases for relevant articles and included adult patients with revisional bariatric procedures after primary sleeve gastrectomy. Twelve trials with 1046 patients were included, covering five revisional procedures. There were no randomised controlled trials, and 10 studies had a critical risk of bias. Significant variations in inclusion criteria, therapy benchmarks, follow-up schemes, and outcome measurements were observed, preventing meaningful comparison of results. Evidence-based treatment strategies for weight non-response after sleeve gastrectomy cannot be deduced from the current literature. Prospective studies with well-defined indications, standardised techniques, and strict adherence to outcome measurements are needed.
Eggs and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: An Update of Recent Evidence
Authors: Carter Sharayah , Connole Elizabeth S. , Hill Alison M. , Buckley Jonathan D. , Coates Alison M.
Published: May 2023

Purpose of Review

This review summarizes recent evidence published since a previous review in 2018 on the association between egg consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, CVD incidence, and CVD risk factors.

Recent Findings

No recent randomized controlled trials were identified. Evidence from observational studies is mixed, with studies reporting either an increased risk or no association of highest egg consumption with CVD mortality, and a similar spread of increased risk, decreased risk, or no association between egg intake and total CVD incidence. Most studies reported a reduced risk or no association between egg consumption and CVD risk factors. Included studies reported low and high egg intake as between 0 and 1.9 eggs/week and 2 and ≥14 eggs/week, respectively. Ethnicity may influence the risk of CVD with egg consumption, likely due to differences in how eggs are consumed in the diet rather than eggs themselves.

Recent findings are inconsistent regarding the possible relationship between egg consumption and CVD mortality and morbidity. Dietary guidance should focus on improving the overall quality of the diet to promote cardiovascular health.
Insights into the FTIR Spectral Fingerprint of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) Stigmas After Gentle Drying Treatments
Authors: Kokkinaki Fotini , Ordoudi Stella A.
Published: May 2023

Drying of the delicate, red stigmas of the Crocus sativus L. flower is necessary to produce saffron, the most expensive spice in the world. So far, laborious and sample destructive methods were applied to get vital insight into this process following key physicochemical changes. Vibrational spectroscopy tools that allow molecular fingerprinting of plant tissues via multivariate data analysis are still not exploited. This study aimed at gaining new insights into the Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra of saffron on different gentle drying treatments in vacuum or by short-time heating with varying sample loading, energy input, duration etc. Diagnostic spectral bands that were exposed using Principal Component Analysis were assigned to C=O stretching in vinyl or cyclic esters, amides or other inter-molecular interactions of importance for functionality. Above all, the peak at 1160 cm−1 (typical of C-O-C glycosidic bridges) proved a distinguishing feature of short-time heated vs vacuum-dried saffron. Other critical quality attributes of the dried stigmas (physical structure, color, chemical composition), assessed with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), colorimetry, UV-Vis spectrometry and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), indicated both positive and negative effects per drying method. Our work highlights the novelty to combine non-destructive FTIR spectroscopy with conventional techniques for a more insightful evaluation of desired or undesired changes after saffron dehydration. Moreover, the spectral fingerprinting approach offers a cost-effective, eco-friendly solution for rapid, non-invasive control of the raw material that is of high interest for food and nutraceutical applications.
Occludin Regulates HIV-1 Infection by Modulation of the Interferon Stimulated OAS Gene Family
Authors: Torices Silvia , Teglas Timea , Naranjo Oandy , Fattakhov Nikolai , Frydlova Kristyna , Cabrera Rosalba , Osborne Olivia M. , Sun Enze , Kluttz Allan , Toborek Michal
Published: May 2023

HIV-1-associated blood brain barrier (BBB) alterations and neurocognitive disorders are frequent clinical manifestations in HIV-1 infected patients. The BBB is formed by cells of the neurovascular unit (NVU) and sealed together by tight junction proteins, such as occludin (ocln). Pericytes are a key cell type of NVU that can harbor HIV-1 infection via a mechanism that is regulated, at least in part, by ocln. After viral infection, the immune system starts the production of interferons, which induce the expression of the 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) family of interferon stimulated genes and activate the endoribonuclease RNaseL that provides antiviral protection by viral RNA degradation. The current study evaluated the involvement of the OAS genes in HIV-1 infection of cells of NVU and the role of ocln in controlling OAS antiviral signaling pathway. We identified that ocln modulates the expression levels of the OAS1, OAS2, OAS3, and OASL genes and proteins and, in turn, that the members of the OAS family can influence HIV replication in human brain pericytes. Mechanistically, this effect was regulated via the STAT signaling. HIV-1 infection of pericytes significantly upregulated expression of all OAS genes at the mRNA level but selectively OAS1, OAS2, and OAS3 at the protein level. Interestingly no changes were found in RNaseL after HIV-1 infection. Overall, these results contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms implicated in the regulation of HIV-1 infection in human brain pericytes and suggest a novel role for ocln in controlling of this process.
“I Live in Agony”: the Everyday Insecurity of Rejected Somali Asylum-seekers in Finland
Authors: Ismail Abdirashid A.
Published: May 2023

Finland, like other countries in Europe, has recently implemented restrictive asylum policies intended to deter asylum-seekers. This article uses the concept of everyday insecurity to study the effects of these policies on the lives of rejected asylum-seekers from Somalia in Finland. Material for this article is primarily drawn from in-depth individual interviews with people whose asylum claims have been rejected by the Finnish authorities. It is also informed by participatory observations and informal discussions with community leaders and activists. The article argues that new restrictive asylum policies create everyday insecurity for rejected asylum-seekers in several ways, including by denying them access to entitlements. These policies also cause rejected asylum-seekers to feel powerless when dealing with actors such as politicians, bureaucrats, employers, lawyers, social workers, health service providers, and their peers. They may also feel unable to help themselves or their loved ones. These policies also subject rejected asylum-seekers to extreme forms of exploitation in the labor market and other domains.
Computing minimum-volume enclosing ellipsoids
Authors: Bowman Nathaniel , Heath Michael T.
Published: May 2023

For a given multidimensional data set (point cloud), we investigate methods for computing the minimum-volume enclosing ellipsoid (MVEE), which provides an efficient representation of the data that is useful in many applications, including data analysis, optimal design, and computational geometry. Contrary to conventional wisdom, we demonstrate that careful exploitation of problem structure can enable high-order (Newton and Newton-like) methods with superlinear convergence rates to scale to very large MVEE problems. We also introduce a hybrid method that combines the benefits of both high-order and low-order methods, along with new initialization schemes that further enhance performance. Observing that computational cost depends significantly on the particular distribution of the data, we demonstrate that kurtosis serves as an excellent indicator of problem difficulty and provides useful guidance in choosing an appropriate solution algorithm and initialization.
Isolation and Characteristics of Extracellular Vesicles Produced by Probiotics: Yeast Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 and Bacterium Streptococcus salivarius K12
Authors: Kulig Kamila , Kowalik Katarzyna , Surowiec Magdalena , Karnas Elzbieta , Barczyk-Woznicka Olga , Zuba-Surma Ewa , Pyza Elzbieta , Kozik Andrzej , Rapala-Kozik Maria , Karkowska-Kuleta Justyna
Published: May 2023

Numerous probiotic microorganisms have repeatedly been shown to produce nanometer-sized structures named extracellular vesicles (EVs). Recently, it has been suggested that similarly to whole microbial cells, EVs produced by probiotics may also demonstrate health benefits to the host, while their application does not involve the risk of infection caused by live microorganisms. In this work, we isolated EVs from two probiotic species originating from different taxonomic domains — yeast Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 and bacterium Streptococcus salivarius K12. The diameters of S. boulardii EVs were about 142 nm and for S. salivarius EVs about 123 nm. For S. boulardii EVs, 1641 proteins and for S. salivarius EVs, 466 proteins were identified with a liquid chromatography-coupled tandem mass spectrometry and then functionally classified. In both microbial species, metabolic proteins significantly contributed to the cargo of EVs comprising 25% and 26% of all identified vesicular proteins for fungi and bacteria, respectively. Moreover, enzymes associated with cell wall rearrangement, including enzymatically active glucanases, were also identified in EVs. Furthermore, probiotic EVs were shown to influence host cells and stimulate the production of IL-1β and IL-8 by the human monocytic cell line THP-1, and, at the same time, did not cause any remarkable reduction in the survival rate of Galleria mellonella larvae in this invertebrate model commonly used to evaluate microbial EV toxicity. These observations suggest that the EVs produced by the investigated probiotic microorganisms may be promising structures for future use in pro-health applications.
Regulatory aspects of a nanomaterial for imaging therapeutic cells
Authors: van der Zee Margriet , de Vries Claudette , Masa Marc , Morales Marta , Rayo Marta , Hegger Ingrid
Published: May 2023

The ability to track therapeutic cells upon administration to the patient is of interest to both regulators and developers of cell therapy. The European Commission Horizon2020 project nTRACK from 2017-2022 aimed to develop a multi-modal nano-imaging agent to track therapeutic cells during development of a cell therapy. As part of this project, we investigated the regulatory pathway involved for such a product if marketed as a stand-alone product. An important regulatory hurdle appeared to be the appropriate regulatory classification of the nTRACK nano-imaging agent, as neither the definition for medicinal product nor the definition for medical device appeared to be a good fit for the purpose of the product and we were confronted with diverging views of competent authorities on the classification. As a consequence, the information requirements to fulfill before conducting a First in Human trial are not evident and can only be decided upon by closely collaborating and communicating with the relevant authorities throughout the development of the product. Moreover, standard test methods for demonstrating the quality and safety of a medicinal product or medical device are not always suitable for nanomaterials such as the nTRACK nano-imaging agent. Regulatory agility is therefore a great need to prevent delay of promising medical innovations, although regulatory guidance on these products will likely improve with more experience. In this article, we outline the lessons learnt related to the regulatory process of the nTRACK nano-imaging agent for tracking therapeutic cells and offer recommendations to both regulators and developers of similar products.

Graphical Abstract
Negotiating senses of belonging and identity across education spaces
Authors: Waite Catherine , Walsh Lucas , Black Rosalyn
Published: May 2023

A multitude of educational programs attempt to facilitate young people’s engagement with ideas and practices of active citizenship. For young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander or Indigenous people in Australia, such interventions are often subject to complex experiences of senses of belonging and non-belonging. This paper responds to calls from researchers to develop better understandings of young Indigenous people’s own senses and practices of belonging and to better understand the ways in which these perspectives and practices are spatially influenced at the level of local communities, ‘country’ and cultural groupings, and within larger state, national or transnational settings. Their testimonies illustrate the tensions that young Indigenous people must navigate in a settler colony that has never truly recognised Indigenous sovereignty but show that sovereignty remains intact. Focus groups were conducted with 58 young Indigenous people in Melbourne and regional Victoria who were participating in an Indigenous youth leadership program designed to foster formal and informal active citizenship practices, and to nurture a strong, affirming sense of Indigenous identity. The testimonies of these participants provide valuable insights into educational sites as spaces in which young people experience a spectrum of weak to strong senses of belonging. They also provide insights into the possibilities of engaging the challenges faced by many young Indigenous people in educational settings, challenges that include race discordance and exclusion, deficit discourses and gaps and distances in educational practice. They highlight the need to recognise the aspirations of young Indigenous people and the capacities of colonial education systems to meet them, and the imperative to celebrate young Indigenous identities in meaningful, non-tokenistic ways.
Impaired glucolipid metabolism in gestational diabetes mellitus with T variation of TCF7L2 rs7903146: A case–control study
Authors: Fang Changping , Wu Shuzhen , Zhang Jun , Tian Qi , Zhang Zijing , Wu Lingling
Published: May 2023

Background

Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) rs7903146 polymorphism has been shown to display a significant association with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). But the effects of TCF7L2 rs7903146 on glucose and lipid metabolism are not clear.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to assess the role of TCF7L2 rs7903146 genotypes on glycolipid metabolism in GDM.

Methods

In total, 484 individuals (239 in GDM group and 245 in control group) were included in the final analysis from January 2015 to February 2022. Their baseline demographics, plasma lipid concentration in the first trimester and third trimester, blood glucose values of the OGTT during gestational 24–28 weeks, glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose and fasting insulin in third trimester, 1 min Apgar scores, 5 min Apgar scores, glucose values of cord blood, and umbilical artery pH were collected. TCF7L2 rs7903146 genotypes were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-Sanger sequencing.

Results

The frequencies of TCF7L2 rs7903146 genotype were found to have no significant differences between the two groups; however, the plasma lipid concentrations during the first trimester were higher in GDM group than control group. In GDM group, women carried the risk allele (T) in TCF7L2 rs7903146 displayed the significantly higher glucose values at 1-h during OGTT, and the higher TG and lower fasting insulin levels than those in non-carriers.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that the risk allele (T) in TCF7L2 rs7903146 plays an important role in the abnormality of glucose and lipid metabolism in GDM women. For the risk allele(T) carriers of TCF7L2 rs7903146, low-fat and low-sugar diets, exercise interventions can be carried out at an early stage, and insulin therapy should be considered when their blood glucose were inadequately controlled.
Beyond Weight Loss: Added Benefits Could Guide the Choice of Anti-Obesity Medications
Authors: Guglielmi Valeria , Bettini Silvia , Sbraccia Paolo , Busetto Luca , Pellegrini Massimo , Yumuk Volkan , Colao Anna Maria , El Ghoch Marwan , Muscogiuri Giovanna
Published: May 2023

Purpose of Review

To highlight the added benefits of approved and upcoming, centrally-acting, anti-obesity drugs, focusing not only on the most common metabolic and cardiovascular effects but also on their less explored clinical benefits and drawbacks, in order to provide clinicians with a tool for more comprehensive, pharmacological management of obesity.

Recent Findings

Obesity is increasingly prevalent worldwide and has become a challenge for healthcare systems and societies. Reduced life expectancy and cardiometabolic complications are some of the consequences of this complex disease. Recent insights into the pathophysiology of obesity have led to the development of several promising pharmacologic targets, so that even more effective drugs are on the horizon. The perspective of having a wider range of treatments increases the chance to personalize therapy. This primarily has the potential to take advantage of the long-term use of anti-obesity medication for safe, effective and sustainable weight loss, and to concomitantly address obesity complications/comorbidities when already established.

Summary

The evolving scenario of the availability of anti-obesity drugs and the increasing knowledge of their added effects on obesity complications will allow clinicians to move into a new era of precision medicine.
Integrated Disaster Risk Management (IDRM): Elements to Advance Its Study and Assessment
Authors: Sandoval Vicente , Voss Martin , Flörchinger Verena , Lorenz Stephan , Jafari Parisa
Published: May 2023

This study analyzed the international key literature on integrated disaster risk management (IDRM), considering it a dynamic sociocultural process subjected to the historical process of social formation, offering a closer look at the concept while exploring conceptual elements and ideas to advance IDRM in both national and international contexts. Methodologically, the study adopted a literature review strategy, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach, combined with qualitative content analysis. This article examines the history of IDRM, discusses current challenges for implementation, looks at some experiences, and proposes avenues for further research. Some findings point out the lack of an overarching IDRM approach, which is characterized by a rather disperse set of ideas and experiences concerning what IDRM is and how it should be operationalized, thereby revealing the need for a more comprehensive theory and methodologies to further advance it. Other findings highlight that IDRM encompasses different kinds and levels of “integrations” that go from internal (that is, disaster risk reduction and management domains) to external (that is, all societal processes such as sustainable development), including temporal and spatial integrations. Hence, we are talking about a multidimensional integration of disaster risk management. In this regard, the article proposes four dimensions for integration: sectoral, spatial/hierarchical, temporal, and externally with other cross-cutting societal challenges, especially climate change and sustainable development. These dimensions cover 29 ideas for indicators or “proto-indicators” to guide the discussion, exploration, and analysis of IDRM in specific contexts.
Aqueous Zinc Batteries with Ultra-Fast Redox Kinetics and High Iodine Utilization Enabled by Iron Single Atom Catalysts
Authors: Yang Xueya , Fan Huiqing , Hu Fulong , Chen Shengmei , Yan Kang , Ma Longtao
Published: May 2023

Rechargeable aqueous zinc iodine (ZnǀǀI2) batteries have been promising energy storage technologies due to low-cost position and constitutional safety of zinc anode, iodine cathode and aqueous electrolytes. Whereas, on one hand, the low-fraction utilization of electrochemically inert host causes severe shuttle of soluble polyiodides, deficient iodine utilization and sluggish reaction kinetics. On the other hand, the usage of high mass polar electrocatalysts occupies mass and volume of electrode materials and sacrifices device-level energy density. Here, we propose a “confinement-catalysis” host composed of Fe single atom catalyst embedding inside ordered mesoporous carbon host, which can effectively confine and catalytically convert I2/I− couple and polyiodide intermediates. Consequently, the cathode enables the high capacity of 188.2 mAh g−1 at 0.3 A g−1, excellent rate capability with a capacity of 139.6 mAh g−1 delivered at high current density of 15 A g−1 and ultra-long cyclic stability over 50,000 cycles with 80.5% initial capacity retained under high iodine loading of 76.72 wt%. Furthermore, the electrocatalytic host can also accelerate the $$\text{I}^{+}\leftrightarrow\, \text{I}_{2} $$

I
+

↔

I
2

conversion. The greatly improved electrochemical performance originates from the modulation of physicochemical confinement and the decrease of energy barrier for reversible I−/I2 and I2/I+ couples, and polyiodide intermediates conversions.
Engineering Multi-field-coupled Synergistic Ion Transport System Based on the Heterogeneous Nanofluidic Membrane for High-Efficient Lithium Extraction
Authors: Fu Lin , Hu Yuhao , Lin Xiangbin , Wang Qingchen , Yang Linsen , Xin Weiwen , Zhou Shengyang , Qian Yongchao , Kong Xiang-Yu , Jiang Lei , Wen Liping
Published: May 2023

The global carbon neutrality strategy brings a wave of rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries technique development and induces an ever-growing consumption and demand for lithium (Li). Among all the Li exploitation, extracting Li from spent LIBs would be a strategic and perspective approach, especially with the low energy consumption and eco-friendly membrane separation method. However, current membrane separation systems mainly focus on monotonous membrane design and structure optimization, and rarely further consider the coordination of inherent structure and applied external field, resulting in limited ion transport. Here, we propose a heterogeneous nanofluidic membrane as a platform for coupling multi-external fields (i.e., light-induced heat, electrical, and concentration gradient fields) to construct the multi-field-coupled synergistic ion transport system (MSITS) for Li-ion extraction from spent LIBs. The Li flux of the MSITS reaches 367.4 mmol m−2 h−1, even higher than the sum flux of those applied individual fields, reflecting synergistic enhancement for ion transport of the multi-field-coupled effect. Benefiting from the adaptation of membrane structure and multi-external fields, the proposed system exhibits ultrahigh selectivity with a Li+/Co2+ factor of 216,412, outperforming previous reports. MSITS based on nanofluidic membrane proves to be a promising ion transport strategy, as it could accelerate ion transmembrane transport and alleviate the ion concentration polarization effect. This work demonstrated a collaborative system equipped with an optimized membrane for high-efficient Li extraction, providing an expanded strategy to investigate the other membrane-based applications of their common similarities in core concepts.
Two-Dimensional Metal Halides for X-Ray Detection Applications
Authors: Li Yumin , Lei Yutian , Wang Haoxu , Jin Zhiwen
Published: May 2023

Metal halide perovskites have recently emerged as promising candidates for the next generation of X-ray detectors due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. Especially, two-dimensional (2D) perovskites afford many distinct properties, including remarkable structural diversity, high generation energy, and balanced large exciton binding energy. With the advantages of 2D materials and perovskites, it successfully reduces the decomposition and phase transition of perovskite and effectively suppresses ion migration. Meanwhile, the existence of a high hydrophobic spacer can block water molecules, thus making 2D perovskite obtain excellent stability. All of these advantages have attracted much attention in the field of X-ray detection. This review introduces the classification of 2D halide perovskites, summarizes the synthesis technology and performance characteristics of 2D perovskite X-ray direct detector, and briefly discusses the application of 2D perovskite in scintillators. Finally, this review also emphasizes the key challenges faced by 2D perovskite X-ray detectors in practical application and presents our views on its future development.
Reservoir characterization, in relation to the petrophysical modeling of Baharyia formation, Razzak field, northern western desert, Egypt
Authors: Metwally Mostafa M. , Abu El-Ata Ahmed S. A.
Published: May 2023

The present work aims to investigate the reservoir characterizations of the Lower Cenomanian Baharyia Formation by creating isoparametic maps to calculate the petrophysical parameters and detect the favorable parts for oil accumulations using the available well logging data. Baharyia Formation is one of the main hydrocarbon sandstone reservoirs in the northern Western Desert of Egypt. About 90% of the Western Desert field produces form Baharyia sandstone Formation. This has been achieved through the analyses of the conventional wireline logs and petrophysical modeling. The Baharyia Formation comprises a complex of depositional lithofacies such as interbedded siltstone, shale, sandstones and pebbly sandstones. Petrophysical modeling of the Baharyia Formation was performed, based on the interpretation of complete wireline logs from five wells in Razzak oil field, north Western desert, Egypt. Petrophysical analysis accomplished, such as: shale volume, total and effective porosities, water saturation and hydrocarbon saturation, were deduced and utilized in the petrophysical subdivision of the Baharyia Formation. Relations between theses petrophysical parameters are established to define the implications of such parameters on the Baharyia Formation. Iso-parametric and litho-saturation crossplots are used to delineate variations in petrophysical parameters across the area. The obtained petrophysical results reveal that, the Baharyia Formation have a good reservoir quality, with high effective porosity values exceeding 18%,volume of shale about 30% and low water saturation values of 25%. The rock genetic types of the Baharyia Formation deduced form the log curve shapes proved that the Baharyia Formation was deposited from fluvial to marine environments passing through the tidal flood plain conditions. However, the lithology of the Baharyia Formation composed of sandstone, siltstone, shale and minor limestone inter-beds.
Beyond Economics! The (Evolving) Role of Law in the Eradication of Extreme Poverty
Authors: Arimoro Augustine Edobor
Published: May 2023

Extreme poverty is a complex and multifaceted challenge that cannot be solely addressed through economic interventions. Traditional economic indicators, such as GDP, do not fully capture the realities of vulnerable populations who often experience discrimination and social exclusion. This has legal and human rights implications, particularly in regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa where extreme poverty is concentrated. In light of these concerns, this article critically examines the existing literature on poverty economics and law and presents an analysis of key data. Ultimately, the article argues for a comprehensive approach that prioritises law and justice as crucial components of efforts to achieve target 1 of the United Nations’ Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development. This approach should entail the establishment of legal frameworks that promote accountability for political actors and protect the rights of the poor.
What drives cryptocurrency returns? A sparse statistical jump model approach
Authors: Cortese Federico P. , Kolm Petter N. , Lindström Erik
Published: May 2023

We apply the statistical sparse jump model, a recently developed, interpretable and robust regime-switching model, to infer key features that drive the return dynamics of the largest cryptocurrencies. The algorithm jointly performs feature selection, parameter estimation, and state classification. Our large set of candidate features are based on cryptocurrency, sentiment and financial market-based time series that have been identified in the emerging literature to affect cryptocurrency returns, while others are new. In our empirical work, we demonstrate that a three-state model best describes the dynamics of cryptocurrency returns. The states have natural market-based interpretations as they correspond to bull, neutral, and bear market regimes, respectively. Using the data-driven feature selection methodology, we are able to determine which features are important and which ones are not. In particular, out of the set of candidate features, we show that first moments of returns, features representing trends and reversal signals, market activity and public attention are key drivers of crypto market dynamics.
Anti-oviposition and repellence of Cordyceps fumosorosea against Spodoptera exigua
Authors: Bocco Roland , Jeong Hye Ju , Han Ji Hee , Kim Dayeon , Ahn Seongho , Lee Sang Yeob
Published: May 2023

Anti-oviposition induced by Cordyceps fumosorosea FG340 to Spodoptera exigua and its persistence had been assessed on the Chinese cabbage seedlings sprayed with 0, 106, 107 and 108 conidia per mL in greenhouse and laboratory. In a randomized complete block, four couples (males and females) of moths were released in each cage. In the laboratory, the percentage of egg laid varied significantly between treatments with 59.8, 14.8, 11.9, and 13.5% on 0, 106, 107 and 108 conidia per mL; respectively. Similarly, in the greenhouse, the percentage of eggs laid differed significantly between suspensions with 88.18, 8.7, 0, and 3.13% on 0, 106, 107, and 108 conidia per mL; respectively. Repellence study showed that there is a major difference between suspensions with average 34.55, 35.21 and 40.02% for 106, 107 and 108 conidia per mL; respectively. Endophytic C. fumosorosea and its culture fluid affect the behavior of armyworm larvae. The concentration of 108 conidia per mL can affect the oviposition of the armyworm.
Patient Preferences Regarding Surgical Treatment Methods for Symptomatic Uterine Fibroids
Authors: Babalola Olufemi , Gebben David , Tarver Michelle E. , Sangha Roopina , Roberts Jason , Price Veronica
Published: May 2023

Study Objective

The purpose of this study is to rank the factors that are most and least important to patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids when considering surgical treatment options.

Materials and Methods

Using a best worst scaling (BWS) preference elicitation approach, participants completed an online survey to rank factors associated with fibroid surgical treatments. Survey content was based on a literature review and included the following factors: symptom relief; surgical complications; repeat treatment; recovery time; cosmetic effects; risk of spreading undiagnosed cancer; sexual outcomes; maintenance of child-bearing; continuation of menses; unpredictable menses; and location of procedure. Participants completed 11 BWS tasks. For each task, we presented participants with a subset of 5 factors from the possible 11, and participants chose the most important and least important factor. Participants’ responses were analyzed using conditional logistic regression to determine the relative importance of factors. Patient priorities were further explored via age and race.

Results

285 respondents with symptomatic uterine fibroids (69 physician-confirmed and 216 self-reported) who had not undergone prior surgical treatment completed the survey. Respondents were enrolled from two clinical sites (clinical site cohort) and an online consumer panel (panel cohort). Both cohorts identified symptom relief, cancer risk, repeat treatment and complications as the most important factors in selecting surgical treatment options and location of procedure, return to normal activities after surgery, and cosmetic effects like presence of a scar after the surgical treatment as the least important factors. Of note, younger women (≤ 40) placed greater importance on the ability to have children after the procedure.

Conclusion

Information regarding the factors most and least important to patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids might inform development and regulatory evaluation of new technologies and procedures. Study results may be useful in efforts to develop a set of outcomes to include in future fibroids clinical studies.
Design and Implementation of a Teaching System for Basic Sports Rehabilitation Courses Based on Android Platform
Authors: Han Xiaoyan , Liu Chunyu
Published: May 2023

By the popularization of Internet, and mobile terminals, there are more and more activities that are helpful for rehabilitation training. Among them, software products represented by sports pedometers have attracted much attention. Based on mastering one’s own physical condition, one can carry out effective social activities, such as brisk walking, running, etc., to improve people’s communication, thereby enriching people’s leisure activities, and thus achieving the purpose of rehabilitation. Therefore, this paper proposes the design, and implementation of basic course teaching system for sports rehabilitation based on the Android platform. This paper mainly analyzed the health system of Android platform. Researchers have thoroughly researched Motor Imagery (MI) rehabilitation training, and their algorithm has been analyzed. An experiment on its efficacy was also conducted in the experimental part, along with a system modeling exercise. The final experimental results showed that the success rate of motor imagery direction control in G1 group was 59.88%, 58.89%, and 59.22%, and the G2 group was 64.22%, 63.33%, and 64.11%. The results showed that G2 using feedback information had a significantly higher success rate of action imagery than G1 that did not provide the feedback information under different test modes. Therefore, feedback information in motor fantasy training can improve motor fantasy effect.
Science and Society in Modern India
Authors: Kumar Deepak
Published: May 2023

The book delineates the role and place of the Western scientific discourse which occupied an important place in the colonization of India. During the colonial period, science became one of the foundations of Indian modernity and the nation-state. Gradually, the educated Indians sought to locate modern scientific ideas and principles within Indian culture and adopted those for the economic regeneration of the country. The discursive terrain of the history of science, especially in the context of a society with a very long and complex past, is bound to be replete with numerous debates on its nature and evolution, its changing contours, its complex civilizational journey, and finally, the enormous impact it has on our own life and time. The book offers a useful introduction to science, society, and government interface in the Indian context.
CSOs’ Perception of Corporate Activism on the LGBT+ Community in Poland
Authors: Rudnicka Agata , Reichel Janusz
Published: May 2023

This article discusses the relatively new phenomenon of corporate activism concerning the LGBT+ community in Central and Eastern Europe, particularly in Poland. It highlights how companies use various forms of corporate activism to show support and solidarity with LGBT+ people, especially during Pride Month. The authors note that there is a need to understand how these actions are perceived by civil society organizations (CSOs) that support LGBT+ people. To address this issue, a qualitative study was conducted to gather the perceptions of 11 CSO representatives from different organizations on the activities undertaken by companies for LGBT+ groups. The study intended to explore whether CSOs identified the support provided by businesses as activities to protect human rights, which business activities were valued most by the LGBT+ community, and what business actions in the public sphere are expected.
Motivational dispositions predict qualitative differences in oral task performance
Authors: Papi Mostafa , Eom Mijin , Zhang Yiran , Zhou Yang , Whiteside Zachary
Published: May 2023

The study examined how learners’ motivational dispositions predict the complexity, accuracy, fluency of their oral task performance and their overall second language proficiency. Eighty-one speakers of English as a second language in the United States completed a regulatory focus and a regulatory mode questionnaire, an oral interview task, and a picture description task. Regression analyses showed a meaningful pattern of results. The assessment mode (concerned with analysis, evaluation, and comparison) contributed to syntactic and lexical complexity, the reduction of dysfluencies, and overall English proficiency, whereas the locomotion mode (concerned with acting without deliberation) positively predicted the speed measure of fluency and the total number of errors. The prevention focus (concerned with stability, security, and safety) negatively predicted lexical sophistication, whereas the promotion focus (concerned with advancement, accomplishments, and growth) predicted overall English proficiency. Theoretical and instructional implications were discussed.
Land Control, Coal Resource Exploitation and Democratic Decline in Indonesia
Authors: Anugrah Iqra
Published: May 2023

Debates on the causes of Indonesia's recent democratic decline have mostly focused on institutional, political and attitudinal–behavioural causes. By bringing the rural political economy dimension into this conversation, this article presents another picture of the illiberal turn in Indonesian democracy. Specifically, it examines the implications of elite control over land and coal resources on democratic quality. Based on in-country fieldwork materials and relevant secondary data, it analyses instances of episodic repression, the contraction of democratic spaces and the corrosive effects of coal-fuelled intra-elite clientelism by looking at the elite control of land resources and the influence of political and economic elites benefitting from the coal industry in elections and the broader political arena. Finally, it also discusses the capitulation of key agrarian social movement actors to state interests and its impact on the movement's ability to resist democratic regression. This elaboration shows how the current contour of elite control over rural resources contributes to the declining quality of Indonesian democracy.
On the Role of Macrophysics and Microphysics in Km‐Scale Simulations of Mixed‐Phase Clouds During Cold Air Outbreaks
Authors: Van Weverberg K. , Giangrande S. , Zhang D. , Morcrette C. J. , Field P. R.
Published: May 2023

Regional atmospheric models struggle to maintain supercooled liquid in mixed‐phase clouds during polar cold‐air outbreaks (CAOs). Previous studies focused on the parameterization of aerosol, microphysics and turbulence to understand the origin of this widespread model bias. This study investigates the role of macrophysics parameterizations (MacP) in the simulation of mixed‐phase clouds. Km‐scale simulations are performed for a large number of CAO cases over Norway, for which continuous ground observations were collected at one site over 6 months. We use a novel analysis that attributes the cloud‐radiative errors to deficiencies in specific cloud regimes. We show that the MacP matters for cloud‐radiative effects in CAOs, but that it is probably not the primary cause of the lack of liquid water in simulated mixed‐phase clouds. Of all the MacP sensitivities explored in this study, the prognostic representation of both liquid and ice shows most promise in increasing the liquid water path. A newly proposed hybrid MacP with prognostic frozen and diagnostic liquid cloud fraction reproduces some of the benefits of the prognostic scheme at reduced cost and complexity. The two‐moment microphysics scheme in this study produces too large precipitation particles. Reducing the snow deposition rate decreases the precipitation particle sizes and largely improves the liquid water path. Simulations are less sensitive to reduced riming rates.
Volcanic Drivers of Stratospheric Sulfur in GFDL ESM4
Authors: Gao Chloe Yuchao , Naik Vaishali , Horowitz Larry W. , Ginoux Paul , Paulot Fabien , Dunne John , Mills Michael , Aquila Valentina , Colarco Peter
Published: May 2023

Stratospheric injections of sulfur dioxide from major volcanic eruptions perturb the Earth's global radiative balance and dominate variability in stratospheric sulfur loading. The atmospheric component of the GFDL Earth System Model (ESM4.1) uses a bulk aerosol scheme and previously prescribed the distribution of aerosol optical properties in the stratosphere. To quantify volcanic contributions to the stratospheric sulfur cycle and the resulting climate impact, we modified ESM4.1 to simulate stratospheric sulfate aerosols prognostically. Driven by explicit volcanic emissions of aerosol precursors and non‐volcanic sources, we conduct ESM4.1 simulations from 1989 to 2014, with a focus on the Mt. Pinatubo eruption. We evaluate our interactive representation of the stratospheric sulfur cycle against data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, Multi‐angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer, Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer, High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder, and Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II. To assess the key processes associated with volcanic aerosols, we performed a sensitivity analysis of sulfate burden from the Mt. Pinatubo eruption by varying injection heights, emission amount, and stratospheric sulfate's dry effective radius. We find that the simulated stratospheric sulfate mass burden and aerosol optical depth in the model are sensitive to these parameters, especially volcanic SO2 injection height, and the optimal combination of parameters depends on the metric we evaluate.
Holocene Water Balance Variations in Great Salt Lake, Utah: Application of GDGT Indices and the ACE Salinity Proxy
Authors: So Rachel T. , Lowenstein Tim K. , Jagniecki Elliot , Tierney Jessica E. , Feakins Sarah J.
Published: May 2023

Great Salt Lake (GSL), Utah, is a hypersaline terminal lake in the Great Basin, and the remnant of the late glacial Lake Bonneville. Holocene hydroclimate variations cannot be interpreted from the shoreline record, but instead can be investigated by proxies archived in the sediments. GLAD1‐GSL00‐1B was cored in 2000 and recently dated by radiocarbon for the Holocene section with the top 11 m representing ∼7 ka to present. Sediment samples every 30 cm (∼220 years) were studied for the full suite of microbial membrane lipids, including those responsive to temperature and salinity. The Archaeol and Caldarchaeol Ecometric (ACE) index detects the increase in lipids of halophilic archaea, relative to generalists, as salinity increases. We find Holocene ACE values ranged from 81 to 98, which suggests persistent hypersalinity with <50 g/L variability across 7.2 ka. The temperature proxy, MBTʹ5Me, yields values similar to modern mean annual air temperature for months above freezing (MAF = 15.7°C) over the last 5.5 ka. Several glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether metrics show a step shift in microbial communities and limnology at 5.5 ka. Extended archaeol detects elevated salinity during the regional mid‐Holocene drought, not readily detected in the ACE record that is often near the upper limit of the index. We infer that the mid‐Holocene GSL was shallower and saltier than the late Holocene. The current drying may be returning the lake to conditions not seen since the mid‐Holocene.