bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linker Length Drives Heterogeneity of Multivalent Complexes of Hub Protein LC8 and Transcription Factor ASCIZ
Authors: Walker Douglas R. , Jara Kayla A. , Rolland Amber D. , Brooks Coban , Hare Wendy , Swansiger Andrew K. , Reardon Patrick N. , Prell James S. , Barbar Elisar J.
Published: February 2023

LC8, a ubiquitous and highly conserved hub protein, binds over 100 proteins involved in numerous cellular functions, including cell death, signaling, tumor suppression, and viral infection. LC8 binds intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), and although several of these contain multiple LC8 binding motifs, the effects of multivalency on complex formation are unclear. Drosophila ASCIZ has seven motifs that vary in sequence and inter-motif linker lengths, especially within subdomain QT2–4 containing the second, third, and fourth LC8 motifs. Using isothermal-titration calorimetry, analytical-ultracentrifugation, and native mass-spectrometry of QT2–4 variants, with methodically deactivated motifs, we show that inter-motif spacing and specific motif sequences combine to control binding affinity and compositional heterogeneity of multivalent duplexes. A short linker separating strong and weak motifs results in stable duplexes but forms off-register structures at high LC8 concentrations. Contrastingly, long linkers engender lower cooperativity and heterogeneous complexation at low LC8 concentrations. Accordingly, two-mers, rather than the expected three-mers, dominate negative-stain electron-microscopy images of QT2–4. Comparing variants containing weak-strong and strong-strong motif combinations demonstrates sequence also regulates IDP/LC8 assembly. The observed trends persist for trivalent ASCIZ subdomains: QT2–4, with long and short linkers, forms heterogeneous complexes, whereas QT4–6, with similar mid-length linkers, forms homogeneous complexes. Implications of linker length variations for function are discussed.
Bone Apatite Nanocrystal: Crystalline Structure, Chemical Composition, and Architecture
Authors: Wang Bin , Zhang Zuoqi , Pan Haobo
Published: February 2023

The biological and mechanical functions of bone rely critically on the inorganic constituent, which can be termed as bone apatite nanocrystal. It features a hydroxylapatite-like crystalline structure, complex chemical compositions (e.g., carbonate-containing and calcium- and hydroxyl-deficient), and fine geometries and properties. The long research with vast literature across broad spectra of disciplines and fields from chemistry, crystallography, and mineralogy, to biology, medical sciences, materials sciences, mechanics, and engineering has produced a wealth of knowledge on the bone apatite nanocrystal. This has generated significant impacts on bioengineering and industrial engineering, e.g., in developing new biomaterials with superior osteo-inductivities and in inspiring novel strong and tough composites, respectively. Meanwhile, confusing and inconsistent understandings on the bone mineral constituent should be addressed to facilitate further multidisciplinary progress. In this review, we present a mineralogical account of the bone-related ideal apatite mineral and then a brief historical overview of bone mineral research. These pave the road to understanding the bone apatite nanocrystal via a material approach encompassing crystalline structure, diverse chemical formulae, and interesting architecture and properties, from which several intriguing research questions emerge for further explorations. Through providing the classical and latest findings with decent clearness and adequate breadth, this review endeavors to promote research advances in a variety of related science and engineering fields.
Magnetite-Based Biosensors and Molecular Logic Gates: From Magnetite Synthesis to Application
Authors: Dudchenko Nataliia , Pawar Shweta , Perelshtein Ilana , Fixler Dror
Published: February 2023

In the last few decades, point-of-care (POC) sensors have become increasingly important in the detection of various targets for the early diagnostics and treatment of diseases. Diverse nanomaterials are used as building blocks for the development of smart biosensors and magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) are among them. The intrinsic properties of MNPs, such as their large surface area, chemical stability, ease of functionalization, high saturation magnetization, and more, mean they have great potential for use in biosensors. Moreover, the unique characteristics of MNPs, such as their response to external magnetic fields, allow them to be easily manipulated (concentrated and redispersed) in fluidic media. As they are functionalized with biomolecules, MNPs bear high sensitivity and selectivity towards the detection of target biomolecules, which means they are advantageous in biosensor development and lead to a more sensitive, rapid, and accurate identification and quantification of target analytes. Due to the abovementioned properties of functionalized MNPs and their unique magnetic characteristics, they could be employed in the creation of new POC devices, molecular logic gates, and new biomolecular-based biocomputing interfaces, which would build on new ideas and principles. The current review outlines the synthesis, surface coverage, and functionalization of MNPs, as well as recent advancements in magnetite-based biosensors for POC diagnostics and some perspectives in molecular logic, and it also contains some of our own results regarding the topic, which include synthetic MNPs, their application for sample preparation, and the design of fluorescent-based molecular logic gates.
Benefits and Obstacles to the Adoption of Reality Capture Technologies in the U.S. Commercial and Infrastructure Construction Sectors
Authors: Elliott Jonathan W. , Olbina Svetlana
Published: February 2023

Most previous Reality Capture Technology (RCT) research in construction focuses on the technical aspects of data collection, processing, and post-processing, while fewer studies have explored stakeholder perceptions about adopting and implementing RCT. This research investigated the perceptions of various construction project stakeholders in the commercial and infrastructure sectors regarding the benefits of, and obstacles hindering, the adoption of RCTs. A survey was distributed to the membership of U.S.-based professional organizations. Exploratory Factor Analysis was implemented to investigate and confirm logical and consistent empirical groupings of the benefits and obstacles listed in the survey. In general, mean comparisons revealed consistency across stakeholder perceptions of the benefits and obstacles of RCTs. However, significantly different perceptions about the increased accuracy of prefabricated elements, RCTs not being a company priority, lack of company budget, and data collection being too time consuming were observed between stakeholder groups. The study identified several benefits to RCT adoption (including, but not limited to, reduced project risk, increased accuracy of prefabricated elements and installed work as well as increased speed of as-built document creation) that were not noted in previous studies. Several obstacles to RCT (including, but not limited to, RCT not being a company priority, lack of Owner/Client demand, inability to bill RCT costs to the project, and cost of hiring employees with the required skills) were not observed in previous studies.
A Comprehensive Review on the Factors Affecting Bond Strength in Concrete
Authors: Shunmuga Vembu Pitchiah Raman , Ammasi Arun Kumar
Published: February 2023

The interaction of reinforcement bars with concrete determines the structural behavior and bond performance (bond strength) in reinforced cement concrete. Bond strength and its importance in structural applications based on available standards attracted researchers around the globe to evaluate the bond strength in reinforced cement concrete through various test methods and procedures. In this review article, more than 200 globally published studies were collected, and 170 articles were compiled to discuss the importance of bond strength and the factors that affect bond strength in concrete. The various factors/parameters that affect the bond strength, including concrete type and its properties, the reinforcement bar with its geometry and shape, environmental nature of the specimen with its testing methods and standards, and other miscellaneous factors, were comprehensively analyzed. We present a summary of the findings; a surprising fact was that every factor is responsible for developing bond strength in concrete in one way or another.
Patio Design Optimization for Huizhou Traditional Dwellings Aimed at Daylighting Performance Improvements
Authors: Gao Rui , Liu Jiaping , Shi Zihan , Zhang Guanjie , Yang Wen
Published: February 2023

Hui-style architecture is a mature architectural school in the late period of ancient Chinese society with distinct regional cultural characteristics. Especially as the most direct carrier of Huizhou people’s living culture, Hui-style architecture is the witness of ancient Huizhou society, history, and culture. However, with the continuous development of society, residents gradually put forward higher requirements for the living environment. In this paper, the indoor light environment of Huizhou dwellings is measured and found to have problems such as poor indoor light environment and low light quality. In order to improve the indoor lighting quality, this study extracts the key design parameters (window edge height, window width, patio length, and patio width) that affect the indoor lighting quality through field research and literature analysis, and then uses Honeybee to carry out multi-factor orthogonal experiments and single factor quantitative comparative analyses on the key design parameters to determine the degree of influence. The results show that reducing the window edge height can improve the lighting effect near the window, and increasing the window width and patio width can improve the overall lighting quality of the room, thus providing a reference for optimizing the lighting effect of Huizhou traditional dwellings.
Correction: van de Velde et al. Vincristine-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Pediatric Oncology: A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Push Injections with One-Hour Infusions (The VINCA Trial). Cancers 2020, 12, 3745
Authors: van de Velde Mirjam Esther , Kaspers Gertjan J. L. , Abbink Floor C. H. , Twisk Jos W. R. , van der Sluis Inge M. , van den Bos Cor , van den Heuvel-Eibrink Marry M. , Segers Heidi , Chantrain Christophe , van der Werff ten Bosch Jutte , Willems Leen , van den Berg Marleen H.
Published: February 2023

In the original publication, there was a mistake in Table 1 as published [...]
Exploring Core Genes by Comparative Transcriptomics Analysis for Early Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapies of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Islam Md. Ariful , Hossen Md. Bayazid , Horaira Md. Abu , Hossen Md. Alim , Kibria Md. Kaderi , Reza Md. Selim , Tuly Khanis Farhana , Faruqe Md. Omar , Kabir Firoz , Mahumud Rashidul Alam , Mollah Md. Nurul Haque
Published: February 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers with a high mortality rate. Early diagnosis and therapies for CRC may reduce the mortality rate. However, so far, no researchers have yet investigated core genes (CGs) rigorously for early diagnosis, prognosis, and therapies of CRC. Therefore, an attempt was made in this study to explore CRC-related CGs for early diagnosis, prognosis, and therapies. At first, we identified 252 common differentially expressed genes (cDEGs) between CRC and control samples based on three gene-expression datasets. Then, we identified ten cDEGs (AURKA, TOP2A, CDK1, PTTG1, CDKN3, CDC20, MAD2L1, CKS2, MELK, and TPX2) as the CGs, highlighting their mechanisms in CRC progression. The enrichment analysis of CGs with GO terms and KEGG pathways revealed some crucial biological processes, molecular functions, and signaling pathways that are associated with CRC progression. The survival probability curves and box-plot analyses with the expressions of CGs in different stages of CRC indicated their strong prognostic performance from the earlier stage of the disease. Then, we detected CGs-guided seven candidate drugs (Manzamine A, Cardidigin, Staurosporine, Sitosterol, Benzo[a]pyrene, Nocardiopsis sp., and Riccardin D) by molecular docking. Finally, the binding stability of four top-ranked complexes (TPX2 vs. Manzamine A, CDC20 vs. Cardidigin, MELK vs. Staurosporine, and CDK1 vs. Riccardin D) was investigated by using 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation studies, and their stable performance was observed. Therefore, the output of this study may play a vital role in developing a proper treatment plan at the earlier stages of CRC.
Enhanced Titania Photocatalyst on Magnesium Oxide Support Doped with Molybdenum
Authors: Kulak Anatoly , Kokorin Alexander
Published: February 2023

Titania photocatalysts supported on mesoporous MgO carriers doped with Mo(VI) ions were prepared and characterized by XRD, BET nitrogen adsorption, FT-IR, and EPR methods. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by bleaching an aqueous dye solution in the presence of a dispersed photocatalyst and by bleaching the dry surface of a solid tablet of photocatalyst using rhodamine B and nigrosin as model organic pollutants. It was established that TiO2 photocatalyst based on MgO carrier doped with 1 wt.% Mo(VI) ions, with the ratio of MgO:TiO2 = 1:0.5, possessed the highest activity under UV radiation. The increase in the content of molybdenum up to 10 wt.% leads to the formation of a MoO3 nanophase on the MgO surface, the formation of an isotype n–n heterojunction at the MoO3/TiO2 interface, and photocatalytic activity under the action of visible light.
Synthesis of Novel Zn3V2O8/Ag Nanocomposite for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Alharthi Fahad A. , Ababtain Alanood Sulaiman , Aldubeikl Hend Khalid , Alanazi Hamdah S. , Hasan Imran
Published: February 2023

In this study, we fabricated Zn3V2O8 and a Ag-modified Zn3V2O8 composite (Zn3V2O8/Ag) by utilizing effective and benign approaches. Further characterization techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were explored to examine the phase and structural properties, respectively, of the synthesized Zn3V2O8/Ag and Zn3V2O8/Ag composite materials. The oxidation states and elemental composition of the synthesized Zn3V2O8/Ag and Zn3V2O8/Ag were characterized by adopting X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The optical band gaps of the synthesized Zn3V2O8/Ag and Zn3V2O8/Ag were examined by employing ultraviolet–visible (UV-vis) diffuse reflection spectroscopy. HRTEM images clearly show that ZnV@Ag NC has a hexagonal plate-like morphology. Subsequently, Zn3V2O8 and Zn3V2O8/Ag were used as photocatalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) production. It was observed that after Ag doping, the energy band gap of ZnV was reduced from 2.33 eV to 2.19 eV. EDX mapping images also show the presence of Ag, O, Zn, and V elements and confirm the formation of ZnV@Ag NC with good phase purity. Observations clearly showed the presence of excellent photocatalytic properties of the synthesized photocatalyst. The Zn3V2O8/Ag photocatalyst exhibited H2 generation of 37.52 µmolg−1h−1, which is higher compared to pristine Zn3V2O8. The Zn3V2O8/Ag photocatalyst also demonstrated excellent reusability, including decent stability. The reusability experiments suggested that ZnV@Ag NC has excellent cyclic stability for up to six cycles.
Microbiological Aspects of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing of Adipose-Derived Stem Cell-Based Medicinal Products
Authors: Szabłowska-Gadomska Ilona , Humięcka Monika , Brzezicka Joanna , Chróścicka Anna , Płaczkowska Joanna , Ołdak Tomasz , Lewandowska-Szumiel Malgorzata
Published: February 2023

Subcutaneous adipose tissue is an excellent source of mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs), which can be used in cell therapies as an active substance in advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs). Because of the short shelf-life of ATMPs and the time needed to obtain the results of microbiological analysis, the final product is often administered to the patient before sterility is confirmed. Because the tissue used for cell isolation is not sterilized to maintain cell viability, controlling and ensuring microbiological purity at all stages of production is crucial. This study presents the results of monitoring the contamination incidence during ADSC-based ATMP manufacturing over two years. It was found that more than 40% of lipoaspirates were contaminated with thirteen different microorganisms, which were identified as being physiological flora from human skin. Such contamination was successfully eliminated from the final ATMPs through the implementation of additional microbiological monitoring and decontamination steps at various stages of production. Environmental monitoring revealed incidental bacterial or fungal growth, which did not result in any product contamination and was reduced thanks to an effective quality assurance system. To conclude, the tissue used for ADSC-based ATMP manufacturing should be considered contaminated; therefore, good manufacturing practices specific to this type of product must be elaborated and implemented by the manufacturer and the clinic in order to obtain a sterile product.
Decoy Receptors Regulation by Resveratrol in Lipopolysaccharide-Activated Microglia
Authors: Calvello Rosa , Porro Chiara , Lofrumento Dario Domenico , Ruggiero Melania , Panaro Maria Antonietta , Cianciulli Antonia
Published: February 2023

Resveratrol is a polyphenol that acts as antioxidants do, protecting the body against diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, heart disease, and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s diseases (PD). In the present study, we report that the treatment of activated microglia with resveratrol after prolonged exposure to lipopolysaccharide is not only able to modulate pro-inflammatory responses, but it also up-regulates the expression of decoy receptors, IL-1R2 and ACKR2 (atypical chemokine receptors), also known as negative regulatory receptors, which are able to reduce the functional responses promoting the resolution of inflammation. This result might constitute a hitherto unknown anti-inflammatory mechanism exerted by resveratrol on activated microglia.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Clonal Hematopoiesis
Authors: Vorri Stamatia C. , Christodoulou Ilias , Karanika Styliani , Karantanos Theodoros
Published: February 2023

The evolution of antiretroviral therapies (ART) has tremendously improved the life expectancy of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH), which is currently similar to the general population. However, as PLWH are now living longer, they exhibit various comorbidities such as a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defined malignancies. Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is the acquisition of somatic mutations by the hematopoietic stem cells, rendering them survival and growth benefit, thus leading to their clonal dominance in the bone marrow. Recent epidemiologic studies have highlighted that PLWH have a higher prevalence of CH, which in turn is associated with increased CVD risk. Thus, a link between HIV infection and a higher risk for CVD might be explained through the induction of inflammatory signaling in the monocytes carrying CH mutations. Among the PLWH, CH is associated with an overall poorer control of HIV infection; an association that requires further mechanistic evaluation. Finally, CH is linked to an increased risk of progression to myeloid neoplasms including myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which are associated with particularly poor outcomes among patients with HIV infection. These bidirectional associations require further molecular-level understanding, highlighting the need for more preclinical and prospective clinical studies. This review summarizes the current literature on the association between CH and HIV infection.
Role of SARS-CoV-2 Spike-Protein-Induced Activation of Microglia and Mast Cells in the Pathogenesis of Neuro-COVID
Authors: Theoharides Theoharis C. , Kempuraj Duraisamy
Published: February 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). About 45% of COVID-19 patients experience several symptoms a few months after the initial infection and develop post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), referred to as “Long-COVID,” characterized by persistent physical and mental fatigue. However, the exact pathogenetic mechanisms affecting the brain are still not well-understood. There is increasing evidence of neurovascular inflammation in the brain. However, the precise role of the neuroinflammatory response that contributes to the disease severity of COVID-19 and long COVID pathogenesis is not clearly understood. Here, we review the reports that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein can cause blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and damage neurons either directly, or via activation of brain mast cells and microglia and the release of various neuroinflammatory molecules. Moreover, we provide recent evidence that the novel flavanol eriodictyol is particularly suited for development as an effective treatment alone or together with oleuropein and sulforaphane (ViralProtek®), all of which have potent anti-viral and anti-inflammatory actions.
Genetic Diversity Analysis of Banana Cultivars (Musa sp.) in Saudi Arabia Based on AFLP Marker
Authors: Safhi Fatmah Ahmed , Alshamrani Salha Mesfer , Alshaya Dalal Sulaiman , Hussein Mohammed A. A. , Abd El-Moneim Diaa
Published: February 2023

Banana plantation has been introduced recently to a temperate zone in the southeastern parts of Saudi Arabia (Fifa, Dhamadh, and Beesh, located in Jazan province). The introduced banana cultivars were of a clear origin without a recorded genetic background. In the current study, the genetic variability and structure of five common banana cultivars (i.e., Red, America, Indian, French, and Baladi) were analyzed using the fluorescently labeled AFLP technique. Nine different primer pairs combinations yielded 1468 loci with 88.96% polymorphism. Among all locations, high expected heterozygosity under the Hardy–Weinberg assumption was found (0.249 ± 0.003), where Dhamadh was the highest, followed by Fifa and Beesh, respectively. Based on the PCoA and Structure analysis, the samples were not clustered by location but in pairs in accordance with the cultivar’s names. However, the Red banana cultivar was found to be a hybrid between the American and Indian cultivars. Based on ΦST, 162 molecular markers (i.e., loci under selection) were detected among cultivars. Identifying those loci using NGS techniques can reveal the genetic bases and molecular mechanisms involved in the domestication and selection indicators among banana cultivars.
Long-Term Effect of Nanosized Boric Acid Powder on Optical Properties of Polymer Infiltrated Ceramic CAD-CAM Material
Authors: Sasany Rafat , Eyüboğlu Tan Fırat , Özcan Mutlu
Published: February 2023

The current study investigated the effect of boric acid (H3BO3) nanosized powder on the optical properties of a Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD-CAM) polymer infiltrated ceramic material. Specimens (n = 60), (15 × 8 × 1.5 mm3) were fabricated from a polymer infiltrated ceramic network (PINC) (Vita Enamic, Vita Zahnfabrik, VITA-shade scale A2). Boric acid (B) nano powder was applied to Vita Enamic in half of the specimens (n = 30), while the other half was left untreated (NB) (n = 30). Aging for all specimens was performed for 5 h at 134 °C. Color coordinates (L*, a*, and b*) before and after aging were measured to calculate the color change (ΔE00) and the translucency parameter (TP) within and between the B and NB groups. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the effect of boric acid on all color parameters (α = 0.05). Only L* increased in B after aging (p < 0.001). L* and b* significantly changed after aging in NB (p < 0.001). Boric acid application affected the color change within the ceramic after aging (p < 0.001). The mean color change (ΔE00) in B after aging was significantly smaller than the color change in NB after aging (p < 0.001). The color difference between B and NB increased after aging (p < 0.001). No significant effect of aging was found on TP of B (p = 0.143). The TP of NB significantly decreased after aging (p < 0.001). The use of boric acid provided color stability and translucency on aged tested material.
Proteomic Variability and Nutrient-Related Proteins across Pigmented and Non-Pigmented Rice Grains
Authors: Sew Yun Shin , Aizat Wan Mohd , Zainal-Abidin Rabiatul-Adawiah , Ab Razak Mohd Shahril Firdaus , Simoh Sanimah , Abu-Bakar Norliza
Published: February 2023

Rice protein is considered an important dietary protein source. Information regarding rice nutrient-related protein expression is still scarce, hence further study investigating this aspect is highly needed. Herein, we applied sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH-MS) for a comparative proteomic analysis across six different Malaysian rice varieties. These consisted of black rice (BR: PH9 and BALI), red rice (RR: MRQ100 and MRM16), and white rice (WR: MRQ76 and MR297). This study aimed to unravel rice nutrient-related proteins and if their expressions were significantly different across varieties. A total of 4022 quantified proteins were found to be significantly expressed across all varieties with a false discovery rate (FDR) < 1% and p < 0.05. While among 1792 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) that were identified, 74 DEPs had functions related to nutrient biosynthesis. There were significantly higher expressions of key enzymes for the carotenoid and amylopectin biosynthesis pathways and seed storage proteins, i.e., prolamins and glutelins in RR. Glycoproteins such as cupin and germin-like protein, as well as enzymes that are involved in the biosynthesis of thiamine and anthocyanin were abundantly found in BR. WR was particularly enriched with biosynthesis enzymes for essential amino acids (methionine and arginine), vitamin B, and unsaturated fatty acid. This study provides us insights into the differential expressions of storage and functional proteins with nutrient-related properties in shaping rice grain pigmentations and plant immunity, as well as in contributing diverse health benefits as daily functional food for human consumption.
Creep Behavior of Squeeze-Cast Mg–15Gd Alloy
Authors: Dobeš Ferdinand , Dymáček Petr
Published: February 2023

The creep behavior of a binary Mg-15 wt.% Gd alloy was investigated over the temperature range from 523 K to 743 K, i.e., in both the single-phase region (the hexagonal close-packed solid solution of Gd in Mg) and the two-phase region (the solid solution plus Mg5Gd precipitates). The alloy was prepared by the squeeze casting technique. In the higher temperature range, at 723 and 743 K, the specimens were solution treated by in situ annealing prior to testing. At the temperature of 673 K and below, the alloy was tested in the cast state. In the higher temperature range, the behavior was interpreted in terms of the viscous glide, where the dislocation motion was constrained by the presence of solute atmospheres. The dislocation motion was controlled by the rate of the cross slip from the basal to the prismatic planes. At the temperatures of 623 K and 673 K, the creep behavior was rationalized by introducing the threshold stress concept. At the temperatures of 523 K and 573 K, the stresses required to achieve experimentally measurable creep rates were such that dislocations broke away from the atmospheres of foreign atoms. Comparison with a series of magnesium alloys prepared by squeeze casting and creep-tested by the same technique showed that gadolinium can be a favorable creep-resistance enhancing element.
Cetaceans in the Mediterranean Sea: Encounter Rate, Dominant Species, and Diversity Hotspots
Authors: Gnone Guido , Bellingeri Michela , Airoldi Sabina , Gonzalvo Joan , David Léa , Di-Méglio Nathalie , Cañadas Ana M. , Akkaya Aylin , Awbery Tim , Mussi Barbara , Campana Ilaria , Azzolin Marta , Dede Ayhan , Tonay Arda M. , Monaco Clara , Pellegrino Giuliana , Tepsich Paola , Moulins Aurelie , Arcangeli Antonella , Labach Hélène , Scheinin Aviad P. , Mevorach Yaly , Carlucci Roberto , Santacesaria Francesca C. , Chicote Carla A. , Gazo Manel , Tintore Beatriz , Alessi Jessica , Mandich Alberta , Bittau Luca , Diaz Lopez Bruno , Azzinari Caroline , La Manna Gabriella , Pace Daniela Silvia , Decandia Donatella , Castelli Alberto , Nuti Silvio , Santoni Marie-Catherine , Verga Alessandro , Tomasi Nicolas , Giacoma Cristina , Costantino Matteo , Falabrino Marta , Azzellino Arianna
Published: February 2023

We investigated the presence and diversity of cetaceans in the Mediterranean Sea, analysing the data collected by 32 different research units, over a period of 15 years (2004–2018), and shared on the common web-GIS platform named Intercet. We used the encounter rate, the species prevalence, and the Shannon diversity index as parameters for data analysis. The results show that cetacean diversity, in the context of the Mediterranean basin, is generally quite low when compared with the eastern Atlantic, as few species, namely the striped dolphin, the bottlenose dolphin, the fin whale, and the sperm whale, dominate over all the others. However, some areas, such as the Alboran Sea or the north-western Mediterranean Sea, which includes the Pelagos Sanctuary (the Specially Protected Area of Mediterranean Interest located in the northern portion of the western basin), show higher levels of diversity and should be considered hotspots to be preserved. Primary production and seabed profile seem to be the two main drivers influencing the presence and distribution of cetaceans, with the highest levels of diversity observed in areas characterized by high levels of primary production and high bathymetric variability and gradient. This collective work underlines the importance of data sharing to deepen our knowledge on marine fauna at the scale of the whole Mediterranean Sea and encourages greater efforts in the networking process, also to accomplish the requirements of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive, with particular reference to Descriptor 1: biological diversity is maintained.
Open-Source Vertical Swinging Wood-Based Solar Photovoltaic Racking Systems
Authors: Vandewetering Nicholas , Hayibo Koami , Pearce Joshua
Published: February 2023

Vertical bifacial solar photovoltaic (PV) racking systems offer the opportunity for large-scale agrivoltaics to be employed at farms producing field crops with conventional farming equipment. Unfortunately, commercial proprietary vertical racks cost more than all types of conventional PV farm racking solutions. To overcome these cost barriers, this study reports on the development of a new wood-based PV racking design. The open-source design consists of a hinge mechanism, which reduces mechanical loading and enables wood to be used as the main structural material, and is the first of its kind. This open-source vertical wood-based PV rack is (i) constructed from locally accessible (domestic) renewable and sustainable materials, (ii) able to be made with hand tools by the average farmer on site, (iii) possesses a 25-year lifetime to match PV warranties, and (iv) is structurally sound, following Canadian building codes to weather high wind speeds and heavy snow loads. The results showed that the capital cost of the racking system is less expensive than the commercial equivalent and all of the previous wood-based rack designs, at a single unit retail cost of CAD 0.21. The racking LCOE is 77% of the cost of an equivalent commercial racking system using retail small-scale component costs, and is 22%, 34%, and 38% less expensive than commercial metal vertical racking, wood fixed tilt racking, and wood seasonal tilt racking costs, respectively. Overall, wooden vertical swinging PV racking provides users with a low-cost, highly available alternative to conventional metal vertical racking, along with a potential increase in energy yield in high wind areas thanks to its unique swinging mechanism.
Dynamic Computed Tomography Angiography as Imaging Method for Endoleak Classification after Endovascular Aneurysm Repair: A Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Boer Gert , van Engen Ludo , van Dam Lievay , van de Luijtgaarden Koen , Bokkers Reinoud , de Vries Jean-Paul , Fioole Bram
Published: February 2023

Introduction: This study evaluated our experience with dynamic computed tomography angiography (dCTA) as a diagnostic tool after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) with respect to the endoleak classification and the available literature. Methods: We reviewed all patients who underwent dCTA because of suspected endoleaks after the EVAR and classified the endoleaks in these patients based on standard CTA (sCTA) and dCTA. We systematically reviewed all available publications that investigated the diagnostic accuracy of dCTA compared with other imaging techniques. Results: In our single-center series, 16 dCTAs were performed in 16 patients. In 11 patients, the undefined endoleaks that appeared on sCTA scans were successfully classified using dCTA. In three patients with a type II endoleak and aneurysm sac growth, inflow arteries were successfully identified using dCTA, and in two patients, aneurysm sac growth was observed without a visible endoleak on both sCTA and dCTA scans. The dCTA revealed four occult endoleaks, all of which were type II endoleaks. The systematic review identified six series comparing dCTA with other imaging methods. All articles reported an excellent outcome regarding the endoleak classification. In published dCTA protocols, the number and timing of phases varied greatly, affecting radiation exposure. Time attenuation curves of the current series show that some phases do not contribute to the endoleak classification and that the use of a test bolus improves the timing of the dCTA. Conclusions: The dCTA is a valuable additional tool that can identify and classify endoleaks more accurately than the sCTA. Published dCTA protocols vary greatly and should be optimized to decrease radiation exposure as long as accuracy can be maintained. The use of a test bolus to improve the timing of the dCTA is recommended, but the optimal number of scanning phases is yet to be determined.
An Improved Carrier-Based PWM Strategy with Reduced Common-Mode Voltage for a Three-Level NPC Inverter
Authors: AbolqasemiKharanaq Fatemeh , Poorfakhraei Amirreza , Emadi Ali , Bilgin Berker
Published: February 2023

Double modulation wave carrier-based pulse width modulation (CBPWM) is a solution for eliminating the deviations of the neutral-point voltage (NPV) in three-level neutral-point clamped inverters. In this paper, a new hybrid CBPWM strategy is proposed that not only eliminates the neutral-point voltage oscillations but also reduces the common-mode voltage (CMV) by half. Furthermore, the harmonic content is also reduced compared with the available reduced CMV modulation by adjusting the modulation waves based on the location of the reference vector in the space vector diagram. An active neutral-point voltage controller is also realized in order to maintain the performance of the modulation strategy under the NPV perturbations. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared to the available CBPWM-based techniques in the literature. The effectiveness of the proposed method is also verified by experimental results.
A Key-Based Multi-Mode Clock-Controlled Stream Cipher for Real-Time Secure Communications of IoT
Authors: Wu Shyi-Tsong
Published: February 2023

With the rapid development of the Internet and wireless communications, as well as the popularization of personal communication systems, the security of real-time communications is demanded. The efficient technology of stream ciphers can satisfy this requirement of security. In this paper, to enhance the security strength of stream ciphers, we design a key-based multi-mode clock-controlled stream cipher for real-time secure communications of the Internet of things (IoT). The proposed stream cipher is equipped with a multi-mode depending on the key. The different working modes are shipped with different encrypting circuits depending on the user’s key. We analyze the period, the linear complexity, and use known attacks to verify the security strength of the proposed cipher. Compared with existing dual mode clock-controlled stream ciphers, the merits of our proposed cipher are its long period, high linear complexity, low hardware complex, low initialization clock, and simplicity in mode switching. Furthermore, the proposed cipher passes the FIPS PUB 140-1 and SP800-22 tests, obtaining at least 97.00%.
Fault-Tolerant Control Strategy for Sub-Modules Open-Circuit Fault of Modular Multilevel Converter
Authors: Jiang Yaoxi , Shu Hongchun , Liao Mengli
Published: February 2023

Modular multilevel converter (MMC) is a key device of high-voltage-direct circuit (HVDC) transmission system, the sub-module detection technology of which will directly influence the damage severity, and even the reliability of the whole system. In this paper, the open-circuit fault characteristics of an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) in a sub-module are analyzed, and a fault-tolerant optimal control strategy is proposed for the redundant hot-reserved MMC based on nearest-level modulation (NLM). A fault sub-module diagnosis and location strategy based on the deviation distance of the capacitor voltages is presented. After the faulty sub-module is removed, due to the asymmetric operation of the MMC, odd-order circulating currents are introduced in the faulty phase, in which the fundamental-frequency circulating current is the major component; the fundamental-frequency voltage related to the redundancy rate is injected into the faulty phase, which effectively suppresses the fundamental-frequency circulating current and harmonics in the faulty phase. The proposed method combines fault detection and fault ride-through steps, so it has the features of high reliability and high compatibility. Based on the Matlab/Simulink simulation model, the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified.
5G-Based Real-Time Remote Inspection Support
Authors: Yoshikura Mai , Fukuoka Tomotaka , Suwa Taiki , Fujiu Makoto , Ishizuka Hisayuki , Takezawa Kousuke , Ikebayashi Tomoyuki , Takayama Junichi
Published: February 2023

Image analysis has been increasingly used in damage detection, particularly in the inspection of aging bridges. We adopted the image-analysis-based damage detection technology to study the feasibility of remote inspection support aimed at reducing the number of engineers that are dispatched to bridge sites. The remote inspection support involves uploading bridge images from the bridge site and then issuing directions and instructions to an onsite inspection engineer while a skilled engineer at a remote location verifies the damage detection results in real time. The 5G interface, which can transfer large volumes of data in a short time, was used to upload images, enabling shorter upload times compared with 4G. In addition, by sharing damage conditions in real-time, the engineer at a remote office could ascertain them in detail and make appropriate decisions without going to the bridge site. The damages are complex in aged bridges and their decision requires extensive experience and knowledge of skilled engineers. We determined that 5G-based inspections are highly efficient because directions and instructions can be received from a bridge site in real time in cases where a skilled engineer’s decision is needed.
Multidimensional Indicator of Energy Poverty in South Africa Using the Fuzzy Set Approach
Authors: Oyekale Abayomi Samuel , Molelekoa Thonaeng Charity
Published: February 2023

The electricity supply in South Africa is characterized by load-shedding. This study analyzed the determinants of the multidimensional energy poverty index (MEPI) in South Africa. The data, which were taken from the 2019–2021 General Household Survey (GHS), were analyzed using Tobit regression. The results showed that between 2019 and 2021, the use of clean energy for cooking declined from 85.97% to 85.68%, respectively, whereas the use of clean energy for water heating declined from 87.24% in 2020 to 86.55% in 2021. Space heating with clean energy declined from 53.57% in 2019 to 50.35% in 2021. The average fuzzy MEPI was 0.143 and Western Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces had the highest average values with 0.180 and 0.176, respectively. In the combined dataset, the Tobit regression results showed that, compared to Western Cape, the fuzzy MEPI significantly decreased (p < 0.01) by −0.038, 0.028, 0.045, 0.023, 0.029, 0.038, 0.037, and 0.042 for residents in Eastern Cape, Northern Cape, Free State, Kwazulu-Natal, North West, Gauteng, Mpumalanga, and Limpopo provinces, respectively. In addition, the fuzzy MEPI for the Black, Coloured, Asian, and White respondents decreased by 0.042, 0.062, and 0.084, respectively. The fuzzy MEPI for male-headed households and the number of social grants increased, whereas the fuzzy MEPI significantly decreased (p < 0.01) for the monthly salary and age of household heads. It was concluded that energy poverty in South Africa manifests through unclean energy utilization for space heating. The promotion of clean energy utilization should focus on deprived provinces, farms, and tribal areas.
Environmentally Friendly Diesel Fuel Obtained from Vegetable Raw Materials and Hydrocarbon Crude
Authors: Eremeeva Anzhelika M. , Kondrasheva Natalia K. , Khasanov Artyom F. , Oleynik Ivan L.
Published: February 2023

Currently, the global issue for countries is the search for raw materials and the production of bioenergy within their country; bioenergy also includes biodiesel fuels. One of the most promising biodiesel fuels is the green diesel fuel produced by the hydrogenation of vegetable oils. Three methods have been proposed to obtain high-quality biodiesel and environmentally friendly diesel fuel: compounding green diesel with hydro-treated diesel fuel, compositions of the improved fuel «green diesel» with bio-additives, and two-component mixtures of environmentally friendly diesel fuel with bio-additives. Using these methods, it is possible to produce fuel for diesel engines with improved lubricating properties, the wear scar diameter is reduced to 232 microns, according to EN 590: 2009, this value standard is up to 460 microns. The optimal quantitative composition of three-component environmentally friendly diesel fuel with improved lubricity was established. The dependence of the change in the lubricating properties of environmentally friendly diesel fuel on the quantitative and qualitative composition are established. A mathematical equation describing the dependence of the change in the corrected wear spot on the amount of anti-wear additive in the green diesel fuel is derived. Three-component compositions of environmentally friendly diesel fuel make it possible to obtain fuel that meets the requirements of the EN 590: 2009 standard and to expand the resources for obtaining fuel, as well as to improve the environmental and operational characteristics of the fuel.
Analysis of Consumer Attitudes as an Important Tool for the Segmentation and Development of the Game Market in the Czech Republic
Authors: Němec Martin , Riedl Marcel , Jarský Vilém , Dudík Roman
Published: February 2023

The demand for the multipurpose use of forestry accentuates the development of non-timber forest products and services and the search for other sources of financial benefits for forest owners and users. One of the essential market items of non-timber forest production is game production, a very high-quality local food source. Currently, in the Czech Republic, as well as in neighbouring countries, the amount of game being offered is increasing, while the purchase prices of game have stagnated at very low levels for a long time, despite the fact that consumer prices of meat have generally increased. A prerequisite for the development of the market for game products and the effective use of marketing tools is the analysis of important factors influencing the consumer demand for game. Therefore, the possible limiting factors on the customer side, the removal of which can change the demand for game meat and increase the consumption of game production, were investigated. Igor Ansoff’s approach is used to analyse growth opportunities in the game market from the point of view of marketing strategies. The preconditions for using Porter’s STP process to design a pull strategy on the consumer market are verified. Based on the Parfitt–Collins model, the research mainly focuses on a sample of active consumers who are a subgroup of a representative panel of 1000 respondents. The demographic characteristics and buying behaviour of the subgroup of 523 active consumers who regularly consume game meat were analysed. Significant factors and potential segmentation criteria were identified. On the basis of these research results, the article discusses, in detail, the marketing aspects related to the development of the game market, and marketing procedures are also proposed that can significantly support consumer demand in the game market using a mix of marketing tools. The increased demand for game meat will help to reduce the overpopulation of cloven-hoofed game in the forests of the Czech Republic, which will positively impact the reduction of animal damage to the forest environment, especially in areas newly forested after the bark beetle calamity.
Escape Game: Responses of Northern White Cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.) to an Extreme Reduction in White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmerman) Population
Authors: Poirier Frédéric , Tremblay Jean-Pierre , Villemaire-Côté Olivier , Ruel Jean-Claude
Published: February 2023

Northern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.) is a species of high ecological and economic value whose abundance has been declining since the pre-industrial period. It is an important element of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmerman) habitat, but its regeneration can be compromised by excessive browsing. This situation is especially critical in deeryards, where deer concentrate during winter. In 2018 and 2019, deer culling operations were carried out by the Ministry of Forests, Wildlife and Parks of Québec over 400 km2 in response to the occurrence of chronic wasting disease cases on a red deer farm. This operation offered an opportunity to look at how variations in deer pressure influence cedar regeneration and how cedar responds to a sudden reduction in browsing. We conducted regeneration surveys within and outside mapped deeryards both in the deer reduction zone and in a control zone. We performed dendrochronological analyses of cedar seedlings and saplings to quantify radial growth response to a reduction in browsing pressure. The results show that cedar basal area influences the abundance of small seedlings but that the effect of browsing becomes dominant for seedlings taller than 50 cm. Cedar growth responds to a reduction in browsing, but a two-year period was not sufficient to translate into changes in regeneration structure. The duration of the windows of opportunity at low browsing pressure required for cedar to reach a safe height remains to be determined. However, canopy openness had a significant influence on growth, suggesting that silvicultural measures could be taken to shorten the period of vulnerability to deer browsing.