bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Harm minimisation for the management of self-harm: a mixed-methods analysis of electronic health records in secondary mental healthcare
Authors: Cliffe Charlotte , Pitman Alexandra , Sedgwick Rosemary , Pritchard Megan , Dutta Rina , Rowe Sarah
Published: June 2021

Background

Prevalence of self-harm in the UK was reported as 6.4% in 2014. Despite sparse evidence for effectiveness, guidelines recommend harm minimisation; a strategy in which people who self-harm are supported to do so safely.

Aims

To determine the prevalence, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of those who self-harm and practise harm minimisation within a London mental health trust.

Method

We included electronic health records for patients treated by South London and Maudsley NHS Trust. Using an iterative search strategy, we identified patients who practise harm minimisation, then classified the approaches using a content analysis. We compared the sociodemographic characteristics with that of a control group of patients who self-harm and do not use harm minimisation.

Results

In total 22 736 patients reported self-harm, of these 693 (3%) had records reporting the use of harm-minimisation techniques. We coded the approaches into categories: (a) ‘substitution’ (>50% of those using harm minimisation), such as using rubber bands or using ice; (b) ‘simulation’ (9%) such as using red pens; (c) ‘defer or avoid’ (7%) such as an alternative self-injury location; (d) ‘damage limitation’ (9%) such as using antiseptic techniques; the remainder were unclassifiable (24%). The majority of people using harm minimisation described it as helpful (>90%). Those practising harm minimisation were younger, female, of White ethnicity, had previous admissions and were less likely to have self-harmed with suicidal intent.

Conclusions

A small minority of patients who self-harm report using harm minimisation, primarily substitution techniques, and the large majority find harm minimisation helpful. More research is required to determine the acceptability and effectiveness of harm-minimisation techniques and update national clinical guidelines.
Phase II Trial of Pembrolizumab Plus Gemcitabine, Vinorelbine, and Liposomal Doxorubicin as Second-Line Therapy for Relapsed or Refractory Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Moskowitz Alison J. , Shah Gunjan , Schöder Heiko , Ganesan Nivetha , Drill Esther , Hancock Helen , Davey Theresa , Perez Leslie , Ryu Sunyoung , Sohail Samia , Santarosa Alayna , Galasso Natasha , Neuman Rachel , Liotta Brielle , Blouin William , Kumar Anita , Lahoud Oscar , Batlevi Connie L. , Hamlin Paul , Straus David J. , Rodriguez-Rivera Ildefonso , Owens Colette , Caron Philip , Intlekofer Andrew M. , Hamilton Audrey , Horwitz Steven M. , Falchi Lorenzo , Joffe Erel , Johnson William , Lee Christina , Palomba M. Lia , Noy Ariela , Matasar Matthew J. , Pongas Georgios , Salles Gilles , Vardhana Santosha , Sanin Beatriz Wills , von Keudell Gottfried , Yahalom Joachim , Dogan Ahmet , Zelenetz Andrew D. , Moskowitz Craig H.
Published: June 2021

PURPOSE

We conducted a phase II study evaluating pembrolizumab plus gemcitabine, vinorelbine, and liposomal doxorubicin (pembro-GVD) as second-line therapy for relapsed or refractory (rel/ref) classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03618550 ).

METHODS

Transplant eligible patients with rel/ref cHL following first-line therapy were treated with two to four cycles of pembrolizumab (200 mg intravenous [IV], day 1), gemcitabine (1,000 mg/m2 IV, days 1 and 8), vinorelbine (20 mg/m2 IV, days 1 and 8), and liposomal doxorubicin (15 mg/m2, days 1 and 8), given on 21-day cycles. The primary end point was complete response (CR) following up to four cycles of pembro-GVD. Patients who achieved CR by labeled fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (Deauville ≤ 3) after two or four cycles proceeded to high-dose therapy and autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (HDT/AHCT). HDT/AHCT was carried out according to institutional standards, and brentuximab vedotin maintenance was allowed following HDT/AHCT.

RESULTS

Of 39 patients enrolled, 41% had primary ref disease and 38% relapsed within 1 year of frontline treatment. 31 patients received two cycles of pembro-GVD, and eight received four cycles. Most adverse events were grade 1 or two, whereas few were grade 3 and included transaminitis (n = 4), neutropenia (n = 4), mucositis (n = 2), thyroiditis (n = 1), and rash (n = 1). Of 38 evaluable patients, overall and CR rates after pembro-GVD were 100% and 95%, respectively. Thirty-six (95%) patients proceeded to HDT/AHCT, two received pre-HDT/AHCT involved site radiation, and 13 (33%) received post-HDT/AHCT brentuximab vedotin maintenance. All 36 transplanted patients are in remission at a median post-transplant follow-up of 13.5 months (range: 2.66-27.06 months).

CONCLUSION

Second-line therapy with pembro-GVD is a highly effective and well-tolerated regimen that can efficiently bridge patients with rel/ref cHL to HDT/AHCT.
Second-tier Testing for 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency in the Netherlands: A Newborn Screening Pilot Study
Authors: Stroek Kevin , Ruiter An , van der Linde Annelieke , Ackermans Mariette , Bouva Marelle J , Engel Henk , Jakobs Bernadette , Kemper Evelien A , van den Akker Erica L T , van Albada Mirjam E , Bocca Gianni , Finken Martijn J J , Hannema Sabine E , Mieke Houdijk E C A , van der Kamp Hetty J , van Tellingen Vera , Paul van Trotsenburg A S , Zwaveling-Soonawala Nitash , Bosch Annet M , de Jonge Robert , Heijboer Annemieke C , Claahsen-van der Grinten Hedi L , Boelen Anita
Published: June 2021

Context

Newborn screening (NBS) for classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) consists of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) measurement with gestational age–adjusted cutoffs. A second heel puncture (HP) is performed in newborns with inconclusive results to reduce false positives.

Objective

We assessed the accuracy and turnaround time of the current CAH NBS algorithm in comparison with alternative algorithms by performing a second-tier 21-deoxycortisol (21-DF) pilot study.

Methods

Dried blood spots (DBS) of newborns with inconclusive and positive 17-OHP (immunoassay) first HP results were sent from regional NBS laboratories to the Amsterdam UMC Endocrine Laboratory. In 2017-2019, 21-DF concentrations were analyzed by LC-MS/MS in parallel with routine NBS. Diagnoses were confirmed by mutation analysis.

Results

A total of 328 DBS were analyzed; 37 newborns had confirmed classic CAH, 33 were false-positive and 258 were categorized as negative in the second HP following the current algorithm. With second-tier testing, all 37 confirmed CAH had elevated 21-DF, while all 33 false positives and 253/258 second-HP negatives had undetectable 21-DF. The elevated 21-DF of the other 5 newborns may be NBS false negatives or second-tier false positives. Adding the second-tier results to inconclusive first HPs reduced the number of false positives to 11 and prevented all 286 second HPs. Adding the second tier to both positive and inconclusive first HPs eliminated all false positives but delayed referral for 31 CAH patients (1-4 days).

Conclusion

Application of the second-tier 21-DF measurement to inconclusive first HPs improved our CAH NBS by reducing false positives, abolishing the second HP, and thereby shortening referral time.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Genetic Overlap, Causality, and Mediation
Authors: Chen Haimiao , Zhang Jinhui , Wang Ting , Zhang Shuo , Lai Qingwei , Huang Shuiping , Zeng Ping
Published: June 2021

Context

Understanding phenotypic connection between type II diabetes (T2D) mellitus and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) can offer valuable sight into shared disease etiology and have important implication in drug repositioning and therapeutic intervention.

Objective

This work aims to disentangle the nature of the inverse relationship between T2D mellitus and ALS.

Methods

Depending on summary statistics of T2D (n = 898 130) and ALS (n = 80 610), we estimated the genetic correlation between them and prioritized pleiotropic genes through a multiple-tissue expression quantitative trait loci–weighted integrative analysis and the conjunction conditional false discovery rate (ccFDR) method. We implemented mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to evaluate the causal relationship between the 2 diseases. A mediation analysis was performed to assess the mediating role of T2D in the pathway from T2D-related glycemic/anthropometric traits to ALS.

Results

We found supportive evidence of a common genetic foundation between T2D and ALS (rg = –0.223, P = .004) and identified 8 pleiotropic genes (ccFDR < 0.10). The MR analyses confirmed that T2D exhibited a neuroprotective effect on ALS, leading to an approximately 5% (95% CI, 0% ~ 9.6%, P = .038) reduction in disease risk. In contrast, no substantial evidence was observed that supported the causal influence of ALS on T2D. The mediation analysis revealed T2D can also serve as an active mediator for several glycemic/anthropometric traits, including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, overweight, body mass index, obesity class 1, and obesity class 2, with the mediation effect estimated to be 0.024, –0.022, –0.041, –0.016, and –0.012, respectively.

Conclusion

We provide new evidence supporting the observed inverse link between T2D and ALS, and revealed that a shared genetic component and causal association commonly drove such a relationship. We also demonstrate the mediating role of T2D standing in the pathway from T2D-related glycemic/anthropometric traits to ALS.
Whole-genome Sequencing of Follicular Thyroid Carcinomas Reveal Recurrent Mutations in MicroRNA Processing Subunit DGCR8
Authors: Paulsson Johan O , Rafati Nima , DiLorenzo Sebastian , Chen Yi , Haglund Felix , Zedenius Jan , Juhlin C Christofer
Published: June 2021

Background

The genomic and transcriptomic landscape of widely invasive follicular thyroid carcinomas (wiFTCs) and Hürthle cell carcinoma (HCC) are poorly characterized, and subsets of these tumors lack information on genetic driver events.

Objective

The aim of this study was to bridge this gap.

Methods

We performed whole-genome and RNA sequencing and subsequent bioinformatic analyses of 11 wiFTCs and 2 HCCs with a particularly poor prognosis, and matched normal tissue.

Results

All wiFTCs exhibited one or several mutations in established thyroid cancer genes, including TERT (n = 4), NRAS (n = 3), HRAS, KRAS, AKT, PTEN, PIK3CA, MUTYH, TSHR, and MEN1 (n = 1 each). MutSig2CV analysis revealed recurrent somatic mutations in FAM72D (n = 3, in 2 wiFTCs and in a single HCC), TP53 (n = 3, in 2 wiFTCs and a single HCC), and EIF1AX (n = 3), with DGCR8 (n = 2) as borderline significant. The DGCR8 mutations were recurrent p.E518K missense alterations, known to cause familial multinodular goiter via disruption of microRNA (miRNA) processing. Expression analyses showed reduced DGCR8 messenger RNA expression in FTCs in general, and the 2 DGCR8 mutants displayed a distinct miRNA profile compared to DGCR8 wild-types. Copy number analyses revealed recurrent gains on chromosomes 4, 6, and 10, and fusion gene analyses revealed 27 high-quality events. Both HCCs displayed hyperploidy, which was fairly unusual in the FTC cohort. Based on the transcriptome data, tumors amassed in 2 principal clusters.

Conclusion

We describe the genomic and transcriptomic landscape in wiFTCs and HCCs and identify novel recurrent mutations and copy number alterations with possible driver properties and lay the foundation for future studies.
Active Micromixer of Microfluids via Plasmonic Marangoni Convection
Authors: Agawa Hiroaki , Hasebe Koichi , Matsutani Akihiro , Isobe Toshihiro , Nakajima Akira , Matsushita Sachiko
Published: June 2021

Chemical reactions can be efficiently carried out in microfluidic devices using a small amount of solution, meaning that fewer resources are required and less liquid waste is generated, making them energy-efficient and eco-friendly devices. However, the microchannel of the device has a narrow channel width, so the reaction solution exhibits laminar flow. Although this laminar flow is good for transporting the solution, efficiently conducting a chemical reaction is difficult in such a flow. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to produce a micromixer in which diffusion can be easily controlled in the microchannel. In this work, efficient stirring of the fluid was achieved only under laser irradiation by utilising the local light-to-heat conversion that occurs on plasmonic metal nanostructures placed in the microchannel. The gold nanostructure that covers a two-dimensional colloidal crystal, which was easily manufactured at low cost, has a high temperature of 200 °C or more only when irradiated with a laser, and the solution is vapourised and forms bubbles with a diameter of approximately 10 µm. The temperature difference on the bubble surface causes Marangoni convection, which can be used to efficiently stir the reaction solution in the assembled microfluidic device.
Dual-Stimuli-Responsive Probes for Detection of Ovarian Cancer Cells and Quantification of Both pH and Enzyme Activity
Authors: Huo Wenting , Miki Koji , Tokunaga Daisuke , Mu Huiying , Oe Masahiro , Harada Hiroshi , Ohe Kouichi
Published: June 2021

Many physiological processes involve multiple coordinated chemical and/or biological events. Therefore, it is considered urgent to develop dual-responsive probes for a more comprehensive understanding of the synergistic effects between multiple analytes in complex cellular environments. In this study, we developed a dual-responsive probe βgal-BP-PMB (β-galactosyl–3,3′-dihydroxy-2,2′-bipyridyl–p-methoxybenzyl), the photoluminescence of which can be activated by β-galactosidase (β-gal) and acidic conditions. The overexpression of β-gal is an important feature of senescent and ovarian cancer cells. Single-input activatable probes for detecting β-gal activity in ovarian cancer cells can induce a false positive response from senescent cells. Because the lysosomal pH in senescent cells is increased, probe βgal-BP-PMB can be specifically activated in ovarian cancer cells, but silenced in senescent cells. Probe βgal-BP-PMB has a small molecular size, high sensitivity towards targeted stimuli and unique ratiometric properties, thereby enabling the quantification of both pH and enzyme activity. Such dual-responsive probes could earn a unique place in the field of bioimaging, where multiple analytes should be accurately and simultaneously monitored.
Happiness Pre-Modern Answers for Questions Today from Boethius to Fortunatus
Authors: Classen Albrecht
Published: June 2021

Human existence is really dependent on the quest for happiness. Most people rely on contingent aspects of happiness, whereas all philosophers and poets have already taught us that true happiness rests somewhere else. This paper examines recent approaches to this idea of happiness, both in philosophy and in sociology, and related fields, and then turns to the teachings by the late antique philosopher Boethius (in Latin). From there, the article turns to the anonymous German novel Fortunatus (printed in 1509) where some of Boethius’s teachings find direct applications, defining happiness with a reference to wisdom. Past notions of happiness promise to illuminate us today in our search for true happiness beyond contingency.
Controversies of The Post-Lockdown New Normal - It May Not be Entirely Normal
Authors: Tang Kuok Ho Daniel
Published: June 2021

Countries entered lockdown or partial lockdown due to mounting fear for the spread of COVID-19 and emerged from the restrictions with presumably new norms, often known as the ‘new normal’. This commentary aims to examine whether the so-called ‘new normal’ qualifies as the new norms based on the definitions of social and cultural norms. The aim was achieved through reviewing pertinent literature comprising news articles, scholarly articles, government reports and websites centering on norms, COVID-19 new norms and their implications. It posits that social isolation does not align with the social nature of human and can be detrimental to the mind and body while social or physical distancing is situational. Unregulated, it does not quite constitute a norm for people to readily maintain social isolation, and social or physical distancing to a lesser degree. While mask-wearing is comparatively easier to adopt, its significance varies in different social and cultural settings. It is more normal to observe people wearing masks post-lockdown, particularly in Asia though experts’ advice does encourage mask-wearing in certain western countries. Mask-wearing aptly qualifies as the new norm though this norm could last longer in certain societies, often strengthened by cultural norms. Similarly, high level of personal hygiene is still practiced often without coercion and is perceived to be normal at least for as long as the risk of COVID-19 is still present. It is thought that norms can be strengthened through interventions to promote behaviours that fit the norms.
Journalism in Bangladesh During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Overview
Authors: Mondol Beauty , Paul Basudev
Published: June 2021

COVID-19 is not just a health crisis. It has disrupted the economy of the entire world. Like most sectors, it has brought massive changes to the field of journalism. The objective of the article is to explore the impact of COVID-19 on journalism in Bangladesh. This study follows a qualitative research methodology based on secondary sources. The study’s findings have shown that the pandemic situation has strongly affected the journalism industry and their work in Bangladesh. Many local newspapers have been severely affected by losses in advertising revenues from coronavirus. Advertisements have gone down by 70-80% despite an increase in television and online media viewership. COVID-19 has infected 1,010 journalists from 191 media houses in Bangladesh. Among these, 942 people have been recovered and 35 journalists passed away till November 15. Prior to COVID-19, few journalists were in financial crisis due to non-receipt of regular salary allowance; this crisis has become more evident during the pandemic situation. At least 600 journalists have been discharged and many journalists have been given compulsory leave without pay. Despite all the hurdles, Bangladeshi journalists continued to contribute to information gathering, dissemination and raising public awareness.
Catalogando Requisitos Não-Funcionais de Sistemas Embarcados
Authors: Silva Reinaldo Antônio , Castro Jaelson , Pimentel João
Published: June 2021

As dificuldades no processo de desenvolvimento de sistemas embarcados,  como  o  tratamento  de  Requisitos  Não-Funcionais(RNFs),  levaram  os desenvolvedores a buscarem na engenharia de requisitos conceitos e aplicações que apoiassem a sua construção.   Assim,  este artigo aborda a complexidade no  tratamento  de  RNFs  em  projetos  de  sistemas  embarcados  através  de  um catálogo de Requisitos Não-Funcionais para sistemas embarcados(NFR4ES). Este catálogo possui o conhecimento adquirido a partir da literatura e de especialistas do domínio, que foi organizado para a elicitação e especificação de requisitos não-funcionais para sistemas embarcados e pode ser utilizado para reúso.  Este catálogo foi avaliado por uma prova de conceito e uma pesquisa com especialistas, no qual foi apontado como útil e adequado para a elicitação e especificação de RNFs em sistemas embarcados.
Team working part 2: Team meetings
Authors: Fowler John
Published: June 2021

John Fowler, Educational Consultant, explores the pitfalls of meetings, and how to make the most of them
The Red Legs RATED tool to improve diagnosis of lower limb cellulitis in the emergency department
Authors: O'Brien Gillian , White Patricia
Published: June 2021

Background:

Lower limb cellulitis poses a significant burden for the Irish healthcare system. Accurate diagnosis is difficult, with a lack of validated evidence-based tools and treatment guidelines, and difficulties distinguishing cellulitis from its imitators. It has been suggested that around 30% of suspected lower limb cellulitis is misdiagnosed. An audit of 132 patients between May 2017 and May 2018 identified a pattern of misdiagnosis in approximately 34% of this cohort.

Objective:

The aim of this pilot project was to develop a streamlined service for those presenting to the emergency department with red legs/suspected cellulitis, through introduction of the ‘Red Leg RATED’ tool for clinicians.

Method:

The tool was developed and introduced to emergency department clinicians. Individuals (n=24) presenting with suspected cellulitis over 4 weeks in 2018 were invited to participate in data gathering. Finally, clinician questionnaire feedback regarding the tool was evaluated.

Results:

Fourteen participants consented, 6 female and 8 male with mean age of 65 years. The tool identified 50% (n=7) as having cellulitis, of those 57% (n=4) required admission, 43% (n=3) were discharged. The remainder who did not have cellulitis (n=7) were discharged. Before introduction of the tool, all would typically have been admitted to hospital for further assessment and management of suspected lower limb cellulitis. Overall, 72% (n=10) of patients who initially presented with suspected cellulitis were discharged, suggesting positive impact of the tool. Clinician feedback suggested all were satisfied with the tool and contents.

Conclusion:

The Red Leg RATED tool is user friendly and impacts positively on diagnosis treatment and discharge. Further evaluation is warranted.
The Mastery of Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge among Indonesian Biology Teachers
Authors: Paidi Paidi , Subali Bambang , Handoyo Luisa Diana
Published: June 2021

The mastery of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) is very important for teachers in order to achieve qualified learning. Analyzing the mastery of TPACK by teachers in Indonesia seems to be imperative to provide baseline data to Indonesian government. This study aimed to examine the mastery of TPACK, in particular among biology teachers in terms of their teacher certification status, educational level, and academic background. This research involved 68 biology teachers obtained through proportional random sampling in five districts of Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. The data collection was conducted through a multiple-choice test consisting of 33 items. The results showed that although the teacher’s mastery of TPACK was categorized as fair (60.13), it does not meet the work performance standards as a good teacher in Indonesia which has a minimum score of 76.00. Using Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis Tests (p< 0.05), the evidence revealed that the mastery of TPACK among biology teachers is likely influenced by the academic background, educational level, and teacher certification status.
Teacher Burnout and Coping Strategies to Remain in Teaching Job in Malaysia: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Authors: Amzat Ismail Hussein , Kaur Amrita , Al-Ani Wajeha , Mun Shim Poh , Ahmadu Talatu Salihu
Published: June 2021

This study examines the basic underlying structure of burnout experiences among teachers in Malaysia by discovering the challenges which lead them to experience burnout. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis, the current study explores the coping strategies that these teachers used to remain in their profession. Ten teachers from two public high schools participated in the study. The data was collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews and analysed using the constant comparison method. The findings revealed challenges that cause teachers to experience burnout, which are student misbehaviour, insufficient parental collaboration, occupational stress in the teaching environment, and negative emotions. The themes related to the coping strategies used to remain in the teaching profession are understanding teaching and learning, positive approach, individual factors, and support system. This paper lists some recommendations for managing the issue of teacher burnout and facilitate teacher retention is proposed, which includes providing training and development activities for teachers, increasing salaries, helping teachers develop coping strategies, and creating adequate support systems.
Learning Supported by Technology: Effectiveness with Educational Software
Authors: Tzur Sharon , Katz Adi , Davidovich Nitza
Published: June 2021

This study addresses the effectiveness of learning via educational software. Recent decades have seen the integration of technologies, which are changing teaching and transforming teachers into mediating, facilitating, and guiding figures by means of digital learning methods that serve as a major tool in schools, colleges, and universities. The current study focuses on instruction provided within the Israeli Air Force and examined the effectiveness of instruction provided via educational software in terms of learning products: Bloom’s revised taxonomy, Te’eni’s affective-cognitive model of organizational communication and the STEM model. We randomly divided the learners into three groups who studied the same topic: one group studied with the educational software only, the second with the educational software together with an instructor, and the third with an instructor who used a presentation. The learners took a test and four months later they took another test to examine the effectiveness of the instruction over time. The research results show that the recall levels and performance levels on the tests were almost identical in all groups, but in the categories of understanding and applying the addition of an instructor strongly contributed to achievements: Those who received instruction via educational software achieved the best results in the understanding category, while those who studied with an instructor who used a presentation achieved the best results on the test with regard to application of the studied material. The findings of this study can illuminate the effectiveness of using educational software in learning processes in all educational systems.
E-Learning Evaluation Using General Extended Technology Acceptance Model Approach at Schools in COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ngabiyanto Ngabiyanto , Nurkhin Ahmad , Mukhibad Hasan , Harsono Harsono
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this research is to provide empirical evidence of the influence of perceived usefulness, convenience, experience, gender, and age on the intention to use e-learning after the government's school closure policy due to the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Our sample is junior high school teachers in Indonesia and the data are analyzed using the Structural Equation Model (SEM). We show that perceived usefulness has a positive influence on e-learning intentions. The perceived convenience is not the reason for the teachers to use e-learning because they have no other alternative in carrying out their duties apart from e-learning. Besides, we have also found that gender and experience influence e-learning intentions. The teachers with different genders and experiences continue to implement e-learning as their way of teaching during the pandemic. The younger teachers have a higher intention of using e-learning. They have adequate digital abilities and are more confident in using e-learning, so they have a great intention in implementing e-learning for the delivery of the materials. Experienced teachers will find it easier to find the use and convenience of e-learning. Apart from experience, male teachers also report that it is easier to grasp the ease of e-learning. However, older teachers show more concern about their perception of system usability as a reason for using e-learning than system convenience.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Private Rental Housing Market in Poland: What Do Experts Say and What Do Actual Data Show?
Authors:   Department of Real Estate and Investment Economics, Cracow University of  Economics, Poland, Tomal Mateusz , Marona Bartłomiej ,   Department of Real Estate and Investment Economics, Cracow University of  Economics, Poland
Published: June 2021

The aim of the article is to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the level of housing rents using the example of the City of Krakow. This study is based on objective data on rental prices and subjective information obtained from real estate agents using a questionnaire survey. The research revealed that the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic actually led to a 6-7% decrease in prices in the rental market in Krakow, while at the same time the surveyed real estate agents had estimated that rents would drop by about 13%. With the second wave of the pandemic, it is possible to see that its immediate impact, i.e. between the third and fourth quarter of 2020, has led to a further 6.25% drop in rents. It should be noted that the latter decrease was very accurately predicted, both by the survey respondents and by the econometric models used. Finally, the results of the analysis also indicated that the worsening of the pandemic in the last quarter of 2020 will have a significant impact on rent levels in Krakow for all of next year. Regardless of how the economy develops, rental prices are forecast to fall further in 2021q1. However, in the subsequent quarters of 2021, rents are projected to increase, but ultimately their level will not return to pre-pandemic values even in 2021q4. The latter is likely to happen only in the second half of 2022.
An Analysis of the Holiday Rental Issue in Spain
Authors:   Faculty of Tourism, Department of Law, University of Zaragoza, Spain, Navarro Nicolás
Published: June 2021

Holiday lets and holiday rentals have generated a major debate in recent years in Spain with regard to their regulation. Their impact, not only on tourism, but also on urban sustainability and local planning, have led to public intervention to control their expansion. This article analyses the origin of holiday lets, their problems, and how the public authorities have intervened in this regard, thus providing an overview of the impact of this type of accommodation in Spain.
The COVID-19 Pandemic, Airbnb and Housing Market Dynamics in Warsaw
Authors:   Poznań Univeristy of Economics and Business, Poland, Trojanek Radoslaw , Gluszak Michal ,   Cracow University of Economics, Poland, Hebdzynski Michal ,   Poznań Univeristy of Economics and Business, Poland, Tanas Justyna ,   WSB University in Poznan, Poland
Published: June 2021

In this study, we analyse the impact of COVID-19 on house rents and prices in Warsaw, the capital of Poland. Hedonic indexes indicate a slight increase in prices (ca. 1.2%) and a substantial drop in long-term rents (ca. -7.7%) between March 2020 and December 2020. The largest decline in rents occurred in centrally located neighbourhoods, which was largely due to the inflow of new housing supply from the short-term rental market (the Airbnb Warsaw market shrank by almost 30% in December 2020 y/y). Using hedonic methods, we show the effect of the shrinking Airbnb market on the drop in long-term rents. The study indicates the elasticity of rents with respect to Airbnb supply, with a 1% change in Airbnb listings leading to a 0.031% change in rents.
Airbnb, Platform Capitalism and the Globalised Home
Authors:   Sydney School of Architecture, Design and Planning, University of Sydney, Australia, Gurran Nicole , Shrestha Pranita ,   Sydney School of Architecture, Design and Planning, University of Sydney, Australia
Published: June 2021

Airbnb, the most ubiquitous of the many online short-term rental platforms offering residential homes to tourists, has infiltrated local neighbourhoods and housing markets throughout the world. It has also divided policy-makers and communities over whether tourism in residential homes is a benign example of the so-called ‘sharing’ economy or a malignant practice which destroys neighbourhoods. These differing positions reflect alternative and changing notions of ‘home’ within wider processes of financialisation and platform capitalism. This paper examines these themes with reference to stakeholder statements solicited in response to government inquiries on how to regulate short-term rental housing in Australia.
The Impact of Airbnb on Long-Term Rental Housing: The Case of Ljubljana
Authors:   City of Ljubljana Public Housing Fund, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Obrč Polona , Kerbler Boštjan ,   Urban Planning Institute of the Republic of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia,   New University, European Faculty of Law, Department of Infrastructure and Real  Estate Management, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Published: June 2021

Airbnb has become a fixture in the development of global cities. It especially impacts cities’ residential characteristics. The company works with the concept of the sharing economy, the essence of which is the exchange of services or goods between individuals who set the rules of operation without generating profits, but together generate more revenue. It insists that it does not represent a form of direct competition with other urban accommodation services and that it merely seeks to expand the tourism market. Nonetheless, this article proceeds from the assumption that Airbnb is influencing and transforming the housing market of the cities it operates in. It focuses on Ljubljana, which until 2019 had a record number of international arrivals and overnight stays. The findings confirm that short-term Airbnb rentals have affected the long-term rental market in Ljubljana. They also show that a very large share of rentals through Airbnb take place in the grey economy. However, the analysis of cases from selected European cities showed that, in addition to the drawbacks described, Airbnb also has positive effects on the development of cities. It is therefore necessary to accept and adapt appropriately to this global phenomenon through specific measures, such as those proposed in the conclusion for Ljubljana.
Conditions for the Introduction of Regulation for Short-Term Rentals
Authors:   Department of Planning and Environmental Law, TU Dortmund University, Germany, Brezina Vilim , Polívka Jan ,   Sustainable Housing Development at RWTH Aachen University,   ILS – Research Institute for Regional and Urban Development, Dortmund, Germany, Stark Martin ,   ILS – Research Institute for Regional and Urban Development, Dortmund, Germany
Published: June 2021

Most cities in major agglomerations in Europe started to address the rise of short-term accommodation rentals by introducing regulation designed to protect the local housing stock. The momentum behind the widespread introduction of such regulations can be attributed to qualitative and quantitative factors. This article examines selected fields related to short-term rentals in order to uncover the (structural) triggers or conditions that are necessary and sufficient for municipalities to initiate the regulation of their housing market. The study is based on the systematic examination of the effects of those triggers and their combinations using qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). With this method, we explore the implementation or non-implementation of regulation on a sample of major German cities. The results suggest a universal set of conditions covering three central fields: housing market situation, accommodation market conditions and tourism accommodation demand.
Passively Q-switched 914 nm microchip laser for lidar systems
Authors: Nägele Marco , Stoppel Klaus , Dekorsy Thomas
Published: June 2021

Passively Q-switched microchip lasers enable great potential for sophisticated lidar systems due to their compact overall system design, excellent beam quality, and scalable pulse energies. However, many near-infrared solid-state lasers operate at >1000 nm which are not compatible with state-of-the-art silicon detectors. Here we demonstrate a passively Q-switched microchip laser operating at 914 nm. The microchip laser consists of a 3 mm long Nd3+:YVO4 crystal as a gain medium while Cr4+:YAG with an initial transmission of 98% is used as a saturable absorber. Quasi-continuous pumping enables single pulse operation and low duty cycles ensure low overall heat generation and power consumption. Thus, thermally induced instabilities are minimized and operation without active cooling is possible while ambient temperature changes are compensated by adjustment of the pump laser current only. Single-emitter diode pumping at 808 nm leads to a compact overall system design and robust setup. Utilization of a microchip cavity approach ensures single-longitudinal mode operation with spectral bandwidths in the picometer regime and results in short laser pulses with pulse durations below 10 ns. Furthermore, beam quality measurements show that the laser beam is nearly diffraction-limited. A 7% output coupler transmittivity is used to generate pulses with energies in the microjoule regime and peak powers of more than 600 W. Long-term pulse duration, pulse energy, and spectral wavelength measurements emphasize excellent system stability and facilitate the utilization of this laser in the context of a lidar system.
Diagnosis and prevention of the vasodepressor type of neurally mediated syncope in Japanese patients
Authors: Hasegawa Misaki , Komiyama Tomoyoshi , Ayabe Kengo , Sakama Susumu , Sakai Tetsuri , Lee Kyong Hee , Morise Masahiro , Yagishita Atsuhiko , Amino Mari , Sasaki Ayumi , Nagata Eiichiro , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Yoshioka Koichiro , Ikari Yuji
Published: June 2021

We investigated circulatory dynamics in patients with vasodepressor type neurally mediated syncope (VT-NMS) by performing high-resolution Holter electrocardiography and a correlation analysis of changes in adenylate cyclase activity, blood pressure, and pulse during the head-up tilt test. Holter electrocardiography was performed for 30 patients. Adenylate cyclase activity was evaluated in lymphocytes from blood samples taken at rest and during the head-up tilt test. There was no change in autonomic nerve fluctuation during electrocardiography in VT-NMS patients, but our results showed a significant difference in blood pressure and adenylate cyclase activity between VT-NMS patients and healthy volunteers; the systolic blood pressure of VT-NMS patients decreased after 5 min, while at 10 min, the adenylate cyclase activity was the highest (0.53%) and the systolic blood pressure was the lowest (111.8 mm Hg). Pulse rates increased after 10 min. VT-NMS patients showed higher blood pressure, pulse rate, and adenylate cyclase activity during the tilt test than did healthy volunteers. In patients with syncope, standing for longer than 10 minutes may increase the risk of VT-NMS. From our results, we consider it likely that high systolic blood pressure and adenylate cyclase activity at rest cause fainting in VT-NMS patients. Our findings may be helpful for identifying individuals with a high risk of developing NMS in the healthy population.
Alterations in sensorimotor function after ACL reconstruction during active joint position sense testing. A systematic review
Authors: Busch Aglaja , Blasimann Angela , Mayer Frank , Baur Heiner
Published: June 2021

Background

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture can lead to impaired knee function. Reconstruction decreases the mechanical instability but might not have an impact on sensorimotor alterations.

Objective

Evaluation of the sensorimotor function measured with the active joint position sense (JPS) test in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructed patients compared to the contralateral side and a healthy control group.

Methods

The databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PEDro, Cochrane Library and SPORTDiscus were systematically searched from origin until April 2020. Studies published in English, German, French, Spanish or Italian language were included. Evaluation of the sensorimotor performance was restricted to the active joint position sense test in ACL reconstructed participants or healthy controls. The Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. Study quality was evaluated using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Data was descriptively synthesized.

Results

Ten studies were included after application of the selective criteria. Higher angular deviation, reaching significant difference (p < 0.001) in one study, was shown up to three months after surgery in the affected limb. Six months post-operative significantly less error (p < 0.01) was found in the reconstructed leg compared to the contralateral side and healthy controls. One or more years after ACL reconstruction significant differences were inconsistent along the studies.

Conclusions

Altered sensorimotor function was present after ACL reconstruction. Due to inconsistencies and small magnitudes, clinical relevance might be questionable. JPS testing can be performed in acute injured persons and prospective studies could enhance knowledge of sensorimotor function throughout the rehabilitative processes.
Independent of physical activity, volumetric muscle loss injury in a murine model impairs whole-body metabolism
Authors: Dalske Kyle A. , Raymond-Pope Christiana J. , McFaline-Figueroa Jennifer , Basten Alec M. , Call Jarrod A. , Greising Sarah M.
Published: June 2021

Volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries result in a non-recoverable loss of muscle tissue and function due to trauma or surgery. Reductions in physical activity increase the risk of metabolic comorbidities over time, and it is likely that VML may reduce whole-body activity. However, these aspects remain uncharacterized following injury. Our goal was to characterize the impact of VML on whole-body physical activity and metabolism, and to further investigate possible muscle-specific metabolic changes. Adult male C57Bl/6J (n = 28) mice underwent a standardized VML injury to the posterior compartment of the hind limb, or served as injury naïve controls. Mice underwent longitudinal evaluation of whole-body physical activity and metabolism in specialized cages up to three times over the course of 8 weeks. At terminal time points of 4- and 8-weeks post-VMLin vivomuscle function of the posterior compartment was evaluated. Additionally, the gastrocnemius muscle was collected to understand histological and biochemical changes in the muscle remaining after VML. The VML injury did not alter the physical activity of mice. However, there was a noted reduction in whole-body metabolism and diurnal fluctuations between lipid and carbohydrate oxidation were also reduced, largely driven by lower carbohydrate utilization during active hours. Following VML, muscle-specific changes indicate a decreased proportion of fast (i.e., type IIb and IIx) and a greater proportion of slow (i.e., type I and IIa) fibers. However, there were minimal changes in the capillarity and metabolic biochemical activity properties of the gastrocnemius muscle, suggesting a miss-match in capacity to support the physiologic needs of the fibers. These novel findings indicate that following VML, independent of changes in physical activity, there is whole-body diurnal metabolic inflexibility. Supporting future investigations into the chronic and overlooked co-morbidities of VML injury.
Skin infections due to Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-producing S. aureus—Cost effectiveness of outpatient treatment
Authors: Rentinck Marc-Nicolas , Krüger Renate , Hoppe Pia-Alice , Humme Daniel , Niebank Michaela , Pokrywka Anna , Stegemann Miriam , Kola Axel , Hanitsch Leif Gunnar , Leistner Rasmus
Published: June 2021

Introduction

Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) caused by Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus (PVL-SA) are associated with recurrent skin abscesses. Secondary prevention, in conjunction with primary treatment of the infection, focuses on topical decolonization. Topical decolonization is a standard procedure in cases of recurrent PVL-SA skin infections and is recommended in international guidelines. However, this outpatient treatment is often not fully reimbursed by health insurance providers, which may interfere with successful PVL-SA decolonization.

Aim

Our goal was to estimate the cost effectiveness of outpatient decolonization of patients with recurrent PVL-SA skin infections. We calculated the average cost of treatment for PVL-SA per outpatient decolonization procedure as well as per in-hospital stay.

Methods

The study was conducted between 2014 and 2018 at a German tertiary care university hospital. The cohort analyzed was obtained from the hospital’s microbiology laboratory database. Data on medical costs, DRG-based diagnoses, and ICD-10 patient data was obtained from the hospital’s financial controlling department. We calculated the average cost of treatment for patients admitted for treatment of PVL-SA induced skin infections. The cost of outpatient treatment is based on the German regulations of drug prices for prescription drugs.

Results

We analyzed a total of n = 466 swabs from n = 411 patients with recurrent skin infections suspected of carrying PVL-SA. PVL-SA was detected in 61.3% of all patients included in the study. Of those isolates, 80.6% were methicillin-susceptible, 19.4% methicillin-resistant. 89.8% of all patients were treated as outpatients. In 73.0% of inpatients colonized with PVL-SA the main diagnosis was SSTI. The median length of stay was 5.5 days for inpatients colonized with PVL-SA whose main diagnosis SSTI; the average cost was €2,283. The estimated costs per decolonization procedure in outpatients ranged from €50-€110, depending on the products used.

Conclusion

Our data shows that outpatient decolonization offers a highly cost-effective secondary prevention strategy, which may prevent costly inpatient treatments. Therefore, health insurance companies should consider providing coverage of outpatient treatment of recurrent PVL-SA skin and soft tissue infections.
Predictors of students’ participation in a learning environment survey with annual follow-ups
Authors: DaLomba Elaina , Gramstad Astrid , Johnson Susanne G. , Carstensen Tove , Stigen Linda , Mørk Gry , Magne Trine A. , Bonsaksen Tore
Published: June 2021

Background

Longitudinal research is one effective way to gauge changes in a student cohort over time, however attrition in these studies is typically high, which can result in study bias. This study explored learning environment factors, approaches to studying, and academic performance as predictors of occupational therapy students’ consistent participation in data collection conducted over three years of their professional program.

Method

A longitudinal study of Norwegian occupational therapy students (analyzed n = 240) was conducted. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore occupational therapy students’ perceptions of the learning environment, their approaches to studying, and exam grades as they related to the likelihood of consistent participation at three annual surveys.

Results

Annual response rates varied between 55.1%, and 65.6%, and consistent participation was observed among 49.2%. The fully adjusted regression models showed that higher strategic approach scores increased the odds of consistent participation (adjusted OR: 1.04, p < 0.01), whereas higher surface approach scores decreased the odds of consistent participation (adjusted OR: 0.95, p < 0.05). Neither sociodemographic factors, learning environment factors nor academic performance predicted participation over time.

Conclusions

Researchers can anticipate relatively high levels of attrition in longitudinal studies of occupational therapy students, but attrition seems to be largely proportional between groups. However, completers in longitudinal studies may be somewhat more well-organized and academically oriented than drop-outs.