bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OPTIMALISASI LINGKUNGAN PENDIDIKAN DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Isnawati Nur Afifah Latif
Published: January 2021

The result of students development depends on education received from any it experienced environtmental education. The third environment called “triplecenter of education” can be explained as family, school, and people society. To get the best result from family education , teachers must concern on a couple of rules: 1) Attempt well-circumstance on the family environment; (2) Each family members should learn to hold on each their due and responsibility; (3) Parents and another adults on a family should know each character of the kids on their family; (4) We should keep away from anything destruct the development of children soul; and (5) Let our kids associate with their friends on the same age in the family environment. When kids growing up, they will be an member of people society who has each diversity. School environment is the next destination after kids passing through from family environment to complete the children education process. Teacher on the school not only have an responsibility to educate, but also to improve the cognitive, psychomotor, and affective aspect of the students. After passing through school environment, the education process next to social education in the people society environment. People society means a bunch of many families which have each different rules on it. When we was young, we only have due only, but since we growing as adults, we have wider responsibility on our hands begin from responsibility on our family, on our daily task in the school, people society, until our task on country and God. The emergence of Covid-19 pandemic has an effect on education system and force us to do “learning from home”, it should adapt to government rules to prevent the speread of pandemic. Learning from home system needs “triplecenter of education” to keep education goals can be fully achieved.
PEMANFAATAN LINGKUNGAN SEKOLAH SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR IPS
Authors: Nurlaili Dina Hafni
Published: January 2021

Social studies is a subject that uses an integrated approach that combines four fields of study, namely economics, sociology, geography and history. Integrated learning is intended to provide meaningful experiences to students and in their delivery the teacher chooses a specific theme or topic, this learning approach enables students both individually and in groups to actively seek, explore and discover concepts and principles holistically and authentically. The way the teacher packaging the learning is very influential on the meaningful experience for the students. The surrounding environment as a learning resource is very beneficial for the social studies learning process, this is because the learning resources are close to students, so students are easier in the process of understanding the learning resources. The environment can provide a picture that is holistic and authentic, the condition is very heterogeneous, so it shows a source of learning that requires integration between learning materials. This environmental potential can be in the form of social, economic, cultural and geographic environments. Linking class to the community environment provides many opportunities for students to learn the basic ability to take action in the community in the form of participation.
PENGARUH MEDIA SEMPOA TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN OPERASI HITUNG PENGURANGAN SISWA KELAS II MI
Authors: Akhmad Aji Pradana  , Jazilatul Ummah
Published: January 2021

Many students don't like math. This dislike makes students not very familiar with subtraction calculation operations, thus making the students' ability to calculate subtraction operations is still low in completing subtraction count operations. Based on the background of the problem, this study is expected to provide answers to the formulation of the problem “How is the influence of the abacus media on the ability to calculate the reduction of second grade students at MI Islamiyah Mulyoagung Singgahan Tuban 2019/2020?”. Based on the formulation of the problem, this study aims “To describe the effect of abacus media on the ability to count reduction operations in grade II students at MI Islamiyah Mulyoagung Singgahan Tuban 2019/2020”. This research uses Quasi Experiment method with quantitative approach through independent sample t test analysis technique. Data collection methods in this study used observation, tests and documentation. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive analysis then clarified with tables and graphs. The subject of this research is MI Islamiyah Mulyoagung Singgahan Tuban with samples according to the population of 34 students and the sampling technique used was random sampling technique. From the results of the study it can be concluded that tcount = 3.882 and ttable = 1.693. This means that tcount> ttable so that it can be concluded that there is an influence of the use of abacus media on the ability to calculate grade II student reduction operations at MI Islamiyah Mulyoagung. Increased ability to count reduction operations is influenced by the use of abacus media. This is evidenced from the average value of pretest and posttest. Before the experimental group was given a tretment the average pretest value obtained was 69 in the medium category, and after being given a treatment the posttest average value was 81.76 in the high category. While the control group obtained an average pretest value of 68 in the moderate category and because the control group was not given an average treatment of the posttest obtained by 68.82 in the moderate category.
PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER MELALUI PEMBIASAAN RUTIN UNTUK MENANAMKAN NILAI - NILAI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM PADA SISWA SD/MI
Authors: Ninik Hidayati  , Nurul Hakim  , M. Zakki Sulton
Published: January 2021

Islamic Education Values ​​through the habituation program in SD / MI. The theories used as a foundation in this research include the theory of character education, routine habituation, and the values ​​of Islamic education.

Based on the background of the problem, this research is expected to provide answers to the problem formulation (1). How is the implementation of character education through routine habituation to instill the values ​​of Islamic education in SD / MI students?, (2). How are the effectiveness and benefits of implementing routine habituation to instill the values ​​of Islamic education in SD / MI students?

Based on the formulation of the problem, this study aims to (1). To find out the implementation of character education through routine habituation to instill the values ​​of Islamic education in SD / MI students. (2). This is to determine the level of effectiveness and benefits of routine habituation to instill the values ​​of Islamic education in schools in SD / MI students.
A Strategic Marketing Intelligence Platform
Authors: Poema Lida Mark
Published: January 2021

The authors develop a three-stage framework for strategic marketing planning, incorporating multiple artificial intelligence (AI) benefits: mechanical AI for automating repetitive marketing functions and activities, thinking AI for processing data to arrive at decisions, and feeling AI for analyzing interactions and human emotions. This framework lays out the ways that AI can be used for marketing research, strategy (segmentation, targeting, and positioning, STP), and actions. At the marketing research stage, mechanical AI can be used for data collection, thinking AI for market analysis, and feeling AI for customer understanding. At the marketing strategy (STP) stage, mechanical AI can be used for segmentation (segment recognition), thinking AI for targeting (segment recommendation), and feeling AI for positioning (segment resonance). At the marketing action stage, mechanical AI can be used for standardization, thinking AI for personalization, and feeling AI for relationalization. We apply this framework to various areas of marketing, organized by marketing 4Ps/4Cs, to illustrate the strategic use of AI.
Big Data and "New Surveillance": Is International Regulation Feasible?
Authors: Winkels Leanne
Published: January 2021

The collection and analysis of individuals data by governments and organizations is an area that lacks overarching protection at the international level, there is potential for an international system monitoring the use of Big Data and providing protections against violations of the right to privacy among other human rights laws. This paper outlines the policy background, then analyzes the use of Big Data through case studies of collection of data on LBTQ+ in Russia, and Uyghur Muslims in China’s Xinjiang province. After establishing the potential for abuses and violations of human rights and the right to privacy through unfettered access to personal data, this paper then considers proposed models to assess and protect human rights in this area, and looks at the potential for the development of an international monitoring system. To take steps towards developing an international legal framework of data protection I argue that the use of international norms to create monitoring bodies, and treaty law between nation-states and also international organizations can be utilized to develop such a framework.
Front Matter
Authors: Hill Benjamin
Published: January 2021

A summary note from the Editor-in-Chief regarding developments at the journal Locke Studies and the contents of volume 20 (2020). The note also looks ahead to changes for the journal coming in 2021.
CONHECENDO OS/AS PROFISSIONAIS DE CRECHE DO MUNICÍPIO DE DESCALVADO
Authors: Jacomini Maria Beatriz , Sommerhalder Aline
Published: January 2021

Este texto decorre de uma pesquisa de iniciação científica concluída e realizada a partir de uma ação de formação continuada de professores e gestores de educação infantil no município de Descalvado/SP, realizado por meio de uma Atividade de Extensão intitulada: Formação de Professores de Educação Básica: uma parceria colaborativa entre escola e universidade. A questão de pesquisa foi: Quem são os/as profissionais docentes das Creches municipais de Descalvado/SP?  O objetivo foi levantar e conhecer a trajetória profissional e características de um grupo de profissionais docentes de Creches do município de Descalvado/SP, participantes de uma Atividade de Extensão de Formação Continuada. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e os dados foram coletados por meio de aplicação de questionário em 29 profissionais de educação infantil, que atuam em creches deste município. Os resultados evidenciaram, dentre outros pontos, que o grupo em questão em sua maioria é mulher (28 profissionais), possui experiência consolidada de docência, em vários níveis de ensino, incluindo a etapa da educação infantil e a grande maioria possui formação superior em Pedagogia. O estudo evidenciou ainda que a maioria das/dos colaboradoras/res desta pesquisa participou de cursos de formação contínua nos últimos cinco anos e para muitos/as a escolha pela atuação em creches decorreu de necessidade de trabalhar e falta de oportunidade profissional.
DISPOSITIVOS DIDÁTICOS PARA O ENSINO/APRENDIZAGEM DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA
Authors: Félix Thassiana Reis , Zirondi Maria Ilza
Published: January 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir como dispositivos didáticos podem auxiliar o professor a organizar seu trabalho de ensino da Língua Portuguesa. Para isso, analisaremos: um Projeto de Letramento (PL¹), uma Sequência Didática (SD) e uma Prática de Letramento (PL²). Como embasamento teórico-metodológico, nos pautaremos na teoria sociointeracionista (Vigotsky, 1987), em autores como Dolz; Noverraz e Schneuwly (2013), Kleiman (2007) e outros. Esperamos, desta forma, buscar reflexões a respeito de como um PL¹, uma SD e uma PL² se organizam e se constituem como instrumentos do trabalho pedagógico, das atividades didáticas, dos conteúdos escolares para, consequentemente, desenvolver, nos alunos, capacidades em relação à leitura, à escrita e à oralidade.   Palavras-chave: Dispositivos didáticos. Trabalho docente. Língua Portuguesa.
EDUCACIÓN CON ADULTOS MAYORES: MOTIVACIONES Y BENEFICIOS PERCIBIDOS
Authors: Arias Claudia Josefina , Dottori Karina Valéria , Soliverez Corina
Published: January 2021

El envejecimiento poblacional y la mejora en las condiciones de salud de los adultos mayores han traído como resultado nuevas demandas a las cuales dar respuesta. En este escenario, la educación ha tomado un rol protagónico para estos mayores activos y motivados para aprender y mejorar. Desde la Psicología Positiva y el enfoque del Curso de la Vida, se fortalece la idea del desarrollo y la obtención de ganancias en esta etapa de la vida, tradicionalmente asociada a pérdidas y deterioro. Desde su origen, las propuestas educativas para adultos mayores se han ampliado y diversificado en los últimos 40 años. En este sentido, el presente estudio propone por una parte, indagar sobre los beneficios percibidos frente a la participación en tales propuestas (n=120) y, por otra, indagar los  motivos por los que los adultos mayores eligen participar (n=60) o no  de las mismas (n=30). Se espera que los resultados obtenidos constituyan un aporte  en el estudio de una temática reciente, considerada fundamental para el logro de un envejecimiento positivo.
Comparative Study of Competition Law between China and Pakistan with Special Reference to the Use of Evidences Submitted by Companies to Other Legal Proceedings
Authors: Soomro Nishan-E-Hyder , Wang Yuhui
Published: January 2021

The present study makes an attempt to make comparison between China and Pakistan with reference to Competition law. The research aims to find out that whether or not the evidences submitted by the companies during the course investigation can substantially be used in any other legal proceeding. As far as the methodology of this study is concerned, qualitative data analysis is used along with comparative legal method for analyzing “de lege lata” and “de lege ferenda” situation in scope of the solved topic. The study finds out that competition in Pakistan works same as China’s AML since both forbids actions that play their negative role in reducing the competition like market dominance in the market. Therefore, the act encourages agreements that confine and restrict market dominance. Furthermore, methods and policies are stated by the law with reference to review of enquiries, acquisitions, mergers, penalties’ imposition, leniency’s grant along with other aspects of law enforcement. The evidences submitted by the companies during the course investigation can substantially be used in any other legal proceeding. The study concluded while contending that, however, AML in China and competition Act in Pakistan has provided both countries substantive and sound law, but there is need of strong and effective institutional implement which can provide a base for the evidences submitted by the companies during the course investigation to be substantially used in any other legal proceeding. Compliance is promoted by leniency through competition law along with incentives to prohibited arrangements. Qualitative research methodology has been applied to the following article.
Stabilization of oil-in-water emulsion with brewer’s yeast hydrolysate
Authors: Ch Nominchuluu , A Enkh-Ariun , B Nomin , B Oyuntuya , M Bayarjargal , T Gan-Erdene , B Batjargal
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of spent brewer's yeast hydrolysate on the stabilization of lecithincontaining oil-in-water emulsion. The emulsion was prepared using a 1: 9 oil-to-water ratio with 8% lecithin and homogenized for30 min at 10,000 and 13,000 rpm. The brewer's yeast hydrolysate was added to the lecithin-based oil-in-water emulsion by 0.5%, 1.5%, and 3%, respectively. The oil droplet diameter and creaming index of emulsions were determined by comparison with the control. The stability of the emulsion containing 1.5% of brewer's yeast hydrolysate was 88.2%, and the proportion of oil droplets with a diameter of 1.5-3 μm reached 80%, which is an advantage over other options. The addition of brewer's yeast hydrolysate to the emulsion by 1.5% resulted in a 4.4-fold increase in the IC50 value of 2,2ʹ -azinobis- (3-ethyl-benzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) cationic radical inhibition. These results suggest that the use of 1.5% brewer's yeast hydrolysate to produce lecithin-based oil-in-water emulsion has a positive effect on emulsion stability and antioxidant activity, while increasing nutritional value.

Пивоны дрожжийн гидролизат агуулсан усан суурьтай эмульсийн тогтворжилтын судалгаа

Хураангуй: Энэхүү судалгааны ажилд пивоны дрожжийн гидролизатыг лецитин агуулсан усан суурьтай эмульсийн тогтворжилтод үзүүлэх нөлөөллийг тодорхойлох зорилтыг тавьсан. Эмульсийг бэлтгэхэд тос, усны харьцааг 1:9,лецитинийг 8%-иар авч 10000 ба 13000 эрг/мин хурдтайгаар нийт 30 мин гомогенжүүлэв. Лецитин агуулсан усан суурьтай эмульсийн найрлагад пивоны дрожжийн гидролизатыг 0.5%, 1.5%, 3%-иар нэмж, эмульс дэх тосны бөмбөлгийн диаметр, өтгөрөлтийн индексийг хяналтын эмульстэй харьцуулан тодорхойлов. Пивоны дрожжийн гидролизатыг 1.5%-иар агуулсан эмульсийн тогтворжилт 88.2% байсан ба 1.5-3 μм диаметртэй бөмбөлгийн эзлэх хувь 80%-д хүрсэн нь бусад хувилбараас давуу үзүүлэлт болно. Пивоны дрожжийн гидролизатыг эмульсийн найрлагад 1.5%-иар нэмэхэд 2,2ʹ -azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) катион радикал дарангуйлах IC50 утга 4.4 дахин нэмэгдэж байсан ба гидролизатын концентрацаас хамааран эмульсийн антиоксидант идэвх нэмэгдэж байсан. Эдгээр дүн лецитин агуулсан усан суурьтай эмульс гарган авахад пивоны дрожжийн гидролизатыг 1.5%-иар нэмж ашиглах нь тэжээллэг чанарыг нэмэгдүүлэхийн хамтаар эмульсийн тогтворжилт, антиоксидант идэвхэд эерэгээр нөлөөлж байгааг харуулж байна. 

Түлхүүр үг: Гидролизат, эмульс, бөмбөлгийн хэмжээ, тогтворжилт, антиоксидант идэвх
Bench-scale methanation of pyrolysis gases of Tavantolgoi and Baganuur coals
Authors: B Nyamsuren , Kh Barsbold , B Buyan-Ulzii , T Baasanjargal , B Enkhsaruul
Published: January 2021

Bench-scale methanation experiments were performed using the mixture gases evolved in pyrolysis of Tavantolgoi weathered coal and of Baganuur thermal coal. The methanation reactor was composed of the parts of feed gas desulfurization, fixed bed main reactor, condenser and dryer of product gases. The preliminary desulfurized feed gas passed through the fixed bed methanation reactor with the three layers of Ni/Al2O3 catalyst mixed with different amounts of quartz in order to avoid from overheating in upper level of the catalyst. Methanation experiments of pyrolysis gases were performed at temperatures of 250°С and 350˚°С, in a pressure of 3 bar with a GHSV of 9000 h-1. In methanation of pyrolysis gas from the Tavantolgoi weathered coal, CH4 content was increased 10 times from 3.20% to 34.4% at 250°С, however CH4 content was increased 3 times from 9.60% to 29.4% during the methanation of Baganuur coal pyrolysis gas at 350°С.

Тавантолгойн болон Багануурын нүүрсний пиролизын хийн метанжуулалтын томруулсан туршилт

Хураангуй: Энэхүү судалгааны ажлаар Тавантолгойн ордын исэлдсэн давхаргын нүүрс болон Багануурын ордын үндсэн давхаргын нүүрсний пиролизоос үүссэн хийг метанжуулах томруулсан (бэнч) хэмжээний туршилтыг хийж гүйцэтгэв. Метанжуулалтын томруулсан төхөөрөмж нь хүхэргүйжүүлэгч, конденсатор, чийг шингээгч болон хөдөлгөөнгүй үет реактор бүхий урвалын систем байхаар зохион бүтээсэн. Нүүрсний пиролизын хийг кварцтай хольж Ni/Al2O3 катализаторын гурван үеэр нэвтрүүлж, дулаан дамжуулалтын усгүй шийдлийг хэрэглэсэн. Метанжуулалтын томруулсан туршилтыг 250°С болон 350˚°С температуруудад, 3 бар даралтанд, 9000 h-1 түүхий эдийн урсгал хурдтай нөхцөлд хийж гүйцэтгэв. Тавантолгойн ордын исэлдсэн давхаргын нүүрсний пиролизын хийг метанжуулахад бүтээгдэхүүн хий дэх метаны агуулга 3.20%-иас 34.4% хүрч 10 дахин ихсэж, харин Багануурын нүүрсний хийнээс үүссэн метаны агуулга 9.60%-иас 29.4% болж 3 дахин ихэслээ. Хэдийгээр метанжуулах процессын температур харьцангуй нам байсан боловч Тавантолгойн ордын исэлдсэн давхаргын нүүрсний пиролизын хийн метанжуулалтын дүнд үүссэн метан хийн агуулга нь Багануурын ордын үндсэн давхаргын нүүрсний пиролизын хийтэй харьцуулахад 5.01%-иар их байлаа.
Technological study on the flotation process of Manganese Ore
Authors: Ts Zagarzusem , N Sugir-Erdene , B Orgilbayar , S Sukhbat , Ts Soyolmaa , B Unursaikhan , D Baasanjav , L Jargalsaikhan , E Otgonjargal
Published: January 2021

This study demonstrated the importance of appropriate flotation conditions and reagent dosage for the separation of standard manganese concentrates from low-grade manganese ores. The research object used Unagad manganese ore located in Dornogovi province. The main mineral of manganese ores was pyrolusite (MnO2). According to the chemical element analyses, the content of manganese in the primary ore was Mn-17.31%. XRD analyses revealed minerals such as quartz, pyrolusite, albite, anorthite, anorthoclase, orthoclase, and hausmannite. This study conducted the beneficiation of manganese ore by the froth flotation method. Manganese ore beneficiation tests were performed for the flotation method under the following conditions: the collector dosage with 900 g/t, 1100 g/t, 1300 g/t, 1500 g/t, and 1700 g/t, the dosage of the depressant as 570 g/t, 670 g/t, 770 g/t, and 870 g/t, and the frother with 900 g/t, pH value 8, the grade of -0.074 mm was 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% respectively. Beneficiation tests performed in the optimum conditions resulted in concentrate with Mn = 32.37%, the recovery was 57.33%, and the yield was 30%. As a result of the flotation enrichment of manganese ore, а concentrate containing 32.37% manganese was obtained.

Манганы хүдрийг флотацийн аргаар баяжуулах технологийн судалгаа

Хураангуй: Энэхүү судалгаагаар бага агуулгатай манганы хүдрээс стандартын шаардлага хангасан манганы баяжмалыг гарган авахад флотацийн зохистой горим, урвалжийн зарцуулалт хэрхэн нөлөөлж байгааг тогтоов. Судалгааны объектоор Дорноговь аймгийн нутагт орших Унагадын манганы ордын хүдрийг ашигласан бөгөөд хүдрийн голлох эрдэс нь пиролюзит юм. Элементүүдийн химийн шинжилгээгээр анхдагч хүдэр дэх манганы агуулга 17.31% байна. Рентген дифрактометрийн шинжилгээгээр кварц, пиролюзит, альбит, анортит, анортоклаз, ортоклаз, гаусманит зэрэг эрдсүүд байгаа нь тогтоогдсон. Манганы хүдрийг флотацийн аргаар баяжуулах цуврал туршилтуудыг цуглуулагчийн зарцуулалт 900 г/т, 1100 г/т, 1300 г/т, 1500 г/т, 1700 г/т, дарагчийн зарцуулалт 570 г/т, 670 г/т, 770 г/т, 870 г/т, хөөсрүүлэгч 900 г/т, рН-8, ширхэглэлийн хэмжээг -0.074 мм ангийн агуулга 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% гэсэн нөхцлүүдэд явуулсан. Туршилтын дүнд цуглуулагчийн хэмжээ 1500 г/т, хөөсрүүлэгч 900 г/т, дарагч 670 г/т, -0.074 мм ангийн агуулга 70%, рН-ийн утга 8 гэсэн хамгийн тохиромжит нөхцөлд баяжмал дахь металл авалт 57.33%, гарц 30% байж, харин Mn-ний агуулга 32.37%-тай баяжмал гарав.

Түлхүүр үг: Манганы баяжмал, флотаци, олейны хүчил, натрийн силикат
Transkriptomik Veri Yaklaşımı ile Kutanöz Leyşmanyazisteki Moleküler Sinyal Yolakların ve Regülatör Moleküllerin Tanımlanması
Authors: Ulusan Bağcı Özlem , Caner Ayşe
Published: January 2021

Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by the genus Leishmania spp., which are intracellular parasites. Depending on parasite species and host immune response, there are three basic clinical forms of the disease: cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral leishmaniasis. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a chronic disease and characterized by the presence of ulcerated skin lesions. The type of skin pathology seen during disease is determined in part by the infecting Leishmania spp., but also by a combination of inflammatory and antiinflammatory host immune response factors resulting in diverse clinical outcomes. In this study, it was aimed to determine the genes, molecular signaling mechanisms and biological functions of the molecules that play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease and immune response and determine host-parasite interactions in mice that are naturally resistant and susceptible to Leishmania major and Leishmania braziliensis. For this, transcriptomic series GSE56029 was downloaded from “Gene Expression Omnibus” (GEO) data base, including expression profiling of twenty-four tissue samples that were recovered from both naive mice and mice (BALB/c, C57BL/6) infected with L.major and L.braziliensis. Then, “Differentially Expressed Genes” (DEGs) were identified by limma package in R script. FDR q< 0.05 and absolute log2FC> 2 as threshold values were accepted in the analysis. Subsequently, functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed for the DEGs by “Ingenuity Pathway Analysis” (IPA). For each of DEGs, p< 0.01, FDR q< 0.01, and absolute log2FC> 1 were used and analyzed with the software program IPA 8.0. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed the most enrichment pathways to be the inflammation, dendritic cell maturation and “Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 1” (TREM-1) signal mechanisms and that the DEGs related to the regulation of immune system process were closely associated with the progress of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The upstream regulator analysis predicted that TNF-α, IFNy, IL-1 β, IL-10RA and “Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-1” (STAT-1) are the regulators that explained gene expression changes causing biological activities in the tissues. Chemical compounds that may have anti-leishmanial effects were also identified in the study. In this study, the mechanisms belonging to the parasite species and host that determine the resistance/susceptibility phenotype were attempted to elucidate. Assessment of gene expression patterns, cytokine/chemokines, and signaling pathways in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice infected with L.major and L.braziliensis will provide a better understanding of the potential mechanisms underlying infection from a genetic perspective. These results may guide for the future studies in terms of developing potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis prediction of cutaneous leishmaniasis and providing information about new treatment targets.
Pneumocystis jirovecii İzolatlarının Dihidropteroat Sentaz (DHPS) Gen Mutasyonları ve Mitokondriyal Büyük Alt Birim (mtLSU) rRNA Genotip Varyasyonlarının Belirlenmesi
Authors: Gülbudak Harun , Öztürk Candan , Kuyugöz Sibel , Tezcan Ülger Seda
Published: January 2021

Pneumocystis jirovecii is an atypical fungus that causes Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in HIV/AIDS and immunocompromised patients. Antibiotics containing sulfa and sulfone groups are widely used in PCP prophylaxis and treatment. Especially, long-term use of trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is known to cause certain point mutations associated with drug resistance in the P.jirovecii dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) gene. In addition, DHPS and mitochondrial large subunit (mtLSU) rRNA genotype characterization provides important data on the epidemiology of P.jirovecii. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the DHPS and mtLSU rRNA gene polymorphisms of P.jirovecii strains isolated from immunocompromised patients in Mersin University Hospital. In this study, 16 P.jirovecii positive samples, which isolated from 96 patients samples, between August 2016 and February 2018, were included. P.jirovecii mtLSU rRNA genotypes were determined by sequence analysis according to polymorphisms at the 85th and 248th nucleotide positions. Nested PCR and RFLP method was applied for mutation analysis of DHPS locus, 165th and 171st nucleotide positions. In the DHPS mutation analysis, 12/16 (75%) wild type (W165/W171) and 4/16 (25%) mutant type (M165/W171) were detected. Two mutant types belonged to HIV/AIDS positive patients with PCP and had a history of prophylaxis; the other 2 mutant types belonged to patients with colonization. In the study, a history of prophylaxis in 3 (19%) of the 16 patients were recorded, and mutant type was detected in these 2 of 3 patients. According to mtLSU-rRNA analysis, 3 different genotypes were obtained from 16 P.jirovecii isolates. In our region, genotype 2 (43.75%; n= 7) was the most common genotype, genotype 1 (37.5%; n= 6) was the second common and genotype 3 (18.75%; n= 3) was the least one. Genotype 4 was not detected in our region. When DHPS and mtLSU-rRNA were evaluated as multilocus, five different genotypes were observed. As a result, these findings provided important data on P.jirovecii epidemiology in our region and potential drug-resistant strains showed a risk of transmission in immunosuppressive patients. Multicenter studies involving more P.jirovecii isolates are needed to better define the epidemiology of P.jirovecii in our region and in our country.
Purific(a)tion. Polish Literature at the Turn of the 20th and the 21st Centuries
Authors: Czardybon Marcin
Published: January 2021

The article shows how Polish writers at the turn of the 20th and the 21st centuries problematized
the subject of the political transformation and – more broadly – of the country’s social reality after
1989. The category of purifi cation, which is key to the entire argument, refers in the above-outlined
context to the tendency to reject and purify the most disappointing manifestations of the social reality
of regained independence. This issue is presented within the framework of the Hegelian approach
to the problem of freedom, the psychoanalytic theory of melancholy, and the diagnoses formulated
by Jean Baudrillard and Alain Badiou.
Z problematyki wykrywania i udowadniania przestępstw socjalnych
Authors: Kukuła Zygmunt
Published: January 2021

Jednym z karnoprawnych aspektów zwalczania przestępczości socjalnej jest skutecznie przeprowadzone postępowanie, prowadzące do udowodnienia popełnionego przestępstwa. Opracowanie
łączy w sobie zagadnienia teoretyczne oraz praktyczne nawiązujące do metod, za pomocą których weryfikuje się podejrzenia popełnienia wyłudzenia świadczenia socjalnego.
Artykuł zwraca uwagę na specyfikę procesu dowodowego w tych sprawach. Poszukiwanie i gromadzenie dowodów przestępstw socjalnych koncentrują się wokół konkretnej osoby, której przyznano świadczenie. Oprócz dobrej znajomości przepisów regulujących przyznawanie świadczeń działania te wymagają także niezbędnej wiedzy z zakresu prawa karnego, zwłaszcza gdy chodzi o oszustwo, które jest najczęściej popełnianym przez sprawców przestępstwem socjalnym. Rola instytucji socjalnych w udowodnieniu popełnionych przestępstw jest bardzo ważna – to one uczestniczą w inicjowaniu procesu zbierania potrzebnych dowodów. Dokładnie przedstawiono zależności pomiędzy świadczeniami nienależnie pobranymi a towarzyszącymi im praktykami wyczerpującymi znamiona oszustwa. Poza informacjami o wykryciu popełnionego nadużycia wspomniane instytucje dysponują większą wiedzą specjalistyczną z zakresu prawa socjalnego niż organy ścigania.
Problematyka emerytur dla kobiet urodzonych w 1953 r. na tle orzecznictwa oraz statystyki sądowej
Authors: Wilga Dominik
Published: January 2021

Wcześniejsze emerytury były przyznawane w specjalnych trybach przed osiągnięciem powszechnego wieku emerytalnego, skutkowało to obniżeniem wysokości przyszłego świadczenia wynikającego z prawa do emerytury powszechnej ze względu na pomniejszanie wysokości dostępnego zgromadzonego kapitału ubezpieczonej. Jednak w przypadku kobiet urodzonych w 1953 r. orzeczenie Trybunału Konstytucyjnego skutkowało – przynajmniej pod względem prawnym – zmianą ich statusu. Analiza wyroków wydawanych przez sądy powszechne w zakresie odwołań wniesionych przez niezadowolone z rozstrzygnięć Zakładu Ubezpieczeń Społecznych ubezpieczone wskazuje, że poszczególne jednostki przedstawiały znaczne rozbieżności w wykładni przepisów. Choć ustawodawca w ramach nowelizacji ustawy o emeryturach i rentach z Funduszu Ubezpieczeń Społecznych wprowadził do porządku prawnego nowe rozwiązanie, to do tego momentu (przez ponad rok) realizacja konstytucyjnych praw kobiet urodzonych w 1953 r. dokonywała się w obrębie orzecznictwa sądów powszechnych.
Artykuł przedstawia, w jakim zakresie orzecznictwo jest rozbieżne, oraz wskazuje na główne argumenty przemawiające za uwzględnieniem poszczególnych linii orzeczniczych, w tym także na główne tezy przedstawione w wyroku Trybunału Konstytucyjnego, co może być wskazówką dla orzeczników.
Adekwatność świadczeń w wariantach indeksowym i annuitetowym systemu emerytalnego zdefiniowanej składki
Authors: Plaskacz Sławomir
Published: January 2021

W związku z reformą emerytalną z roku 1999 zasadniczo zmienił się sposób naliczania wysokości emerytury. Tę wartość otrzymuje się, dzieląc sumę zwaloryzowanych składek emerytalnych oraz zwaloryzowanego kapitału emerytalnego (K) przez średnią dalszą długość trwania życia wyrażoną w miesiącach (T). W pracy zaproponowano alternatywny sposób naliczania wysokości emerytury, który także opiera się na wielkościach K oraz T, uwzględnia ponadto dodatnią stopę procentową (techniczną stopę procentową) równą średniej realnej stopie waloryzacji świadczeń w okresie ostatnich dwudziestu lat. W rezultacie przyjęcia proponowanej formuły wysokość tego świadczenia jest znacząco wyższa w momencie przechodzenia na emeryturę, co w istotny sposób podnosi stopy zastąpienia. Jednocześnie waloryzacja emerytur zostaje ograniczona do waloryzacji o wskaźnik inflacji, dzięki czemu zaproponowana zmiana nie wpływa zasadniczo na finanse Funduszu Ubezpieczeń Społecznych.
The complexity of NATO’s Southeast European defense
Authors: Stepper Péter , Kozma Klementina
Published: January 2021

-
Design in the Time of COVID-19: A Semiotic Angle
Authors: Alvarez Tamayo Dora Ivonne ,   Semiotic Society of America
Published: January 2021

During 2020, humanity is facing an unprecedented event, the COVID-19 pandemic. Societies around the world have been shaken, and human capacities challenged. The effects are of superlative proportions in all human activity, highlighting the systemic condition of life. In order to demonstrate that people can perform Design Thinking for producing innovations, thanks to semiosis, analysis of cases from a pragmatist perspective are developed in this paper; the results show that Design Thinking is not an exclusive way to think of designers. The results also offer the possibility to infer that design-thinking mode activates when change and contextual constraints call for the population to produce alternatives and when the process accelerates facing a crisis. This paper presents a reflection on the concept of “Design Semiothinking” based on the integration of concepts from a design perspective and a pragmatic semiotic approach.
Kadavranın Donuk Metamorfozunda İzler Bakış ve Müstehcen-Bakış
Authors: Derin Özlem ,   Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi
Published: January 2021

Kadavranın yaşam ve ölüm arasındaki anlamsız, tanımsız ve belirsiz konumuna odaklanan bu metin; karşılıklı ilişkiyle belirlenen gündelik yaşamın içindeki ben, öteki, ben-olmayan ilişkisini temel almaktadır. Ölü bedenin bozulma ve çürüme evresi, bir yandan kaçınılan bir iğrençliği açığa çıkarırken diğer yandan da bozulmanın, içte olanın-dışa taşmasının tuhaf çekiciliği kendisiyle karşı karşıya kalan kişinin bakışını avlamaktadır. Toplumda ben ve öteki arasında bir kontrol mekanizması olarak açığa çıkan izler-bakış, kadavra/ben’in yabancısı/canavarımsı olanla olan karşılaşmasında müstehcen-bakışa evrilmektedir. Julia Kristeva’nın, Abject (İğrenç) kavramının ben ve öteki, ben ve ben’i dışlayan kadavra anlayışı üzerinden ilerleyen düşünsel süreç, İvana Bašić’in “Abject Art” çalışmalarından örneklemelerle sürdürülecektir. Bu noktada esas amaç iğrencin yaşamdaki karşılığının ölüm ve sanatla olan ilişkisinin ne denli müstehcenlik yarattığı ve kendine yabancılaşmış olan insanın mevcut sınırları aşmasında benzer etkiyi yarattığının sergilenmesidir. Ölüm ve çürümenin getirdiği donuk metamorfoz hali, Bašić’in çalışmalarındaki kaygan ve sümüksü dokunun insan-canavar arası bir metamorfoz geçişini sergilemesiyle eş hale gelmekte ve tanımsız ve anlamsız olan yaşamın içine tehditkâr biçimde yerleşmektedir.
David Hume’un Beğeni Standardı I
Authors: Soysal Soner ,   Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmada David Hume’un, insanların beğenileri arasında var olduğu açık bir şekilde görülen farklılıklara rağmen, beğeninin bir standardının bulunduğuna yönelik iddiası incelenecektir. Hume beğeni standardını, ilk kez, 1757 tarihinde yayımlanan Of the Standart of Taste başlıklı makalesinde ele alır. Hume’un söylediklerini tartışmalı hale getiren iki unsur vardır: Birincisi Hume gibi, deneyimden bilgi edinmenin en önemli olanaklarından biri olan tümevarımsal akıl yürütmenin temellerini sarsan bir eleştiri ortaya koyan deneyci bir filozofun, bir beğeni standardının var olduğunu iddia etmesidir, ikincisiyse, onun bu iddiasını ortaya koyarken başvurduğu yolların tümevarımsal bir akıl yürütme içeriyor gibi görünmesidir. Bu nedenlerle, Hume’un beğeni standardıyla ilgili argümanlarını detaylı bir şekilde incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ancak böylesi bir inceleme kapsamlı bir çalışmayı gerektirdiği için, bu inceleme iki aşama üzerinden gerçekleştirilmiştir. İncelemenin birinci aşaması, şu an karşınızda bulunan bu makale olup, burada Hume’un insanlar arasında beğeni farklılıkları olduğunu açıkça görmesine rağmen, nasıl olup da bir beğeni standardı olduğunu iddia ettiğini ele alınıyor. Hume’un bu beğeni standardının kaynağını nerede gördüğü; beğeni farklılıklarıyla bu standardı nasıl bağdaştırdığı; Hume’un beğeni standardının ortaya çıkmasını sağlayacaklarını iddia ettiği ideal eleştirmenlerin taşıması gerektiğini söylediği niteliklerin neler olduğu ve bunların Hume’un genel felsefi eğilimleriyle ilişkilerinin neler olduğu gibi konular bu makalede ele alınmamış olup, ayrı bir makale olarak sunulacaktır.
Transnational Influences
Authors: Korsberg Hanna , Saro Anneli , Seppälä Mikko-Olavi
Published: January 2021

The Budapest premiere of Henrik Ibsen’s Kísértetek (Gengangere) was on 17 October 1908 by the Thália Társaság, a Hungarian independent theatre. Though banned earlier, by 1908, Ibsen’s text had already been played all over Europe. Between 1880 and 1908, the search of IbsenStage indicates 402 records, but probably the actual performance number was higher. The popularity of the text can be seen in the fact that all the independent theatres staged it, and most of the famous and less famous travelling companies and travelling stars also kept it in their repertoires. Though, usually, the high-artistic independent and the commercial international and regional travelling companies are treated separately, here, I argue for their close real and/or virtual interconnections, creating such a theatrical and cultural network, in which the local, the regional, the national, and the transnational interacted with and were influenced by each other. At the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, such interaction among different forces and agents on different levels was one of the special features of cultural mobility (Greenblatt) which characterized intercultural theatre culture, existing in Europe and America, and extending its influence almost all over the globe.
Performing Nordic White Femininity
Authors: Ohlsson Hélène
Published: January 2021

This study is an intersectional investigation of how the first two international Swedish superstars, Jenny Lind (1820–1887) and Christina Nilsson (1843–1921), performed gender, race, nationalism, and class during their respective tours of the United States of America in 1850–1852 and 1870–1872. The purpose is to chart early transatlantic performances of Nordic white femininity and Swedishness as well as to discuss the symbolical values and associations that it signaled. I will argue that Lind and Nilsson set out a template of idealized Nordic white femininity in the U.S. and that they contributed to the growing identity and self-awareness of Swedish-Americans.
The Grand Tour of Europe
Authors: Byrn Whitney
Published: January 2021

This article investigates the artistic Grand Tour of the nineteenth-century Danish theatre painter C.F. Christensen made between the spring of 1838 and the fall of 1839, and how it influenced his later scenographic work at the Royal Danish Theatre. Using a variety of archival sources, his Grand Tour is reconstructed. His travels through Germany, Bohemia, Moravia, Switzerland, France, Italy, and the Tyrol exposed him to some of the greatest art and most innovative theatre Europe had to offer. Through the sketches done on his trip, it is possible to see the seeds of inspiration that took root in his scenography upon his return to Copenhagen. Scenography for two August Bournonville ballets that Christensen created after his return will be analyzed: The Festival in Albano and Acts 2 and 3 of Napoli.
Constructing Finno-Ugric Identity through Theatre
Authors: Epner Luule , Saro Anneli
Published: January 2021

The article investigates the construction of transnational Finno-Ugric identity through the theatre festival Mayatul and different performative strategies. This kind of identity construction is investigated through the framework of identity politics and transnationalism. The definition of the Finno-Ugric peoples (Finns, Estonians, Hungarians, Samis, Mordvins, Komi, Udmurts and others) is based foremost on their language kinship. It is believed that similar characteristics of languages and a similar natural environment and climate have shaped the close-to-nature lifestyle and the particular perception of the world shared by the Finno-Ugric peoples.Essential platforms for constructing transnational Finno-Ugric identity are different theatre festivals, among which Mayatul (since 1992) is the most prominent. The majority of productions at the festival are performed in Finno-Ugric languages and interpret the literary texts or folklore of these peoples. However, only a few productions strive for indigenous aesthetics like those of Estonian theatre director Anne Türnpu. The Finno-Ugric peoples’ identity is predominantly a minority identity because mostly they represent a small national and language group in a bigger state like Russia, and only Finland and Hungary have enjoyed one hundred years of independence. Nevertheless, all countries and nations embrace smaller ethnic or cultural minorities, thus minority identity is a universal concept. Theatre festivals are able to unite minority identities into larger transnational identites, even when it is just an imagined community.
Servicing of shadow economy: banking and parabanking systems
Authors: Ermakova Eka
Published: January 2021

The goal of this article consists in understanding of the role of banking and parabanking institutions in ensuring shadow capital flow. The object of this research is the financial flows that serve shadow economy. The subject of this research is the capital outflow through banking and parabanking systems, shady transactions of commercial banks, and structure of money turnover. Methodological framework is comprised of systemic and integrated approaches. The article also employs the general scientific methods (scientific abstraction, unity of historical and logical, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, methods of comparison and analogy), as well as special methods of cognition (monetary methods). Information database contains the official data of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation and Federal State Statistics Service. The following conclusions were formulated: 1) Policy of combating money laundering conducted by the Bank of Russia yields tangible results (significant reduction in the volume of shady operations; commercial banks fearing suspension or revocation of license are not interested in servicing such operations); 2) This leads to active development of more flexible, cost-effective, and uncontrolled by the Bank of Russia shadow banking (this is testified by the the growing role of the parabanking system in servicing of capital outflows), as well as of alternative financial instruments intended to conceal the affiliated entities and beneficiaries are gaining popularity (a number of cryptocurrencies); 3) Current situation (novel coronavirus pandemic, oil shocks) contributed to increase of the share of capital in circulation, which indicates the spread of shadow relations in the country. Therefore, the author underlines the need to ensure transparency of operations of parabanking institutions and their control by the state.
Peripheral natural killer cells in chronic hepatitis B patients display multiple molecular features of T cell exhaustion
Authors: Marotel Marie , Villard Marine , Drouillard Annabelle , Tout Issam , Besson Laurie , Allatif Omran , Pujol Marine , Rocca Yamila , Ainouze Michelle , Roblot Guillaume , Viel Sébastien , Gomez Melissa , Loustaud Veronique , Alain Sophie , Durantel David , Walzer Thierry , Hasan Uzma , Marçais Antoine
Published: January 2021

Antiviral effectors such as natural killer (NK) cells have impaired functions in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. The molecular mechanism responsible for this dysfunction remains poorly characterised. We show that decreased cytokine production capacity of peripheral NK cells from CHB patients was associated with reduced expression of NKp30 and CD16, and defective mTOR pathway activity. Transcriptome analysis of patients NK cells revealed an enrichment for transcripts expressed in exhausted T cells suggesting that NK cell dysfunction and T cell exhaustion employ common mechanisms. In particular, the transcription factor TOX and several of its targets were over-expressed in NK cells of CHB patients. This signature was predicted to be dependent on the calcium-associated transcription factor NFAT. Stimulation of the calcium-dependent pathway recapitulated features of NK cells from CHB patients. Thus, deregulated calcium signalling could be a central event in both T cell exhaustion and NK cell dysfunction occurring during chronic infections.
Induction of the IL-1RII decoy receptor by NFAT/FOXP3 blocks IL-1β-dependent response of Th17 cells
Authors: Kim Dong Hyun , Kim Hee Young , Cho Sunjung , Yoo Su-Jin , Kim Won-Ju , Yeon Hye Ran , Choi Kyungho , Choi Je-Min , Kang Seong Wook , Lee Won-Woo
Published: January 2021

Derived from a common precursor cell, the balance between Th17 and Treg cells must be maintained within immune system to prevent autoimmune diseases. IL-1β-mediated IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) signaling is essential for Th17-cell biology. Fine-tuning of IL-1R signaling is controlled by two receptors, IL-1RI and IL-RII, IL-1R accessory protein, and IL-1R antagonist. We demonstrate that the decoy receptor, IL-1RII, is important for regulating IL-17 responses in TCR-stimulated CD4+T cells expressing functional IL-1RI via limiting IL-1β responsiveness. IL-1RII expression is regulated by NFAT via its interaction with Foxp3. The NFAT/FOXP3 complex binds to theIL-1RIIpromoter and is critical for its transcription. Additionally, IL-1RII expression is dysregulated in CD4+T cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Thus, differential expression of IL-1Rs on activated CD4+T cells defines unique immunological features and a novel molecular mechanism underlies IL-1RII expression. These findings shed light on the modulatory effects of IL-1RII on Th17 responses.
A modular approach to integrating multiple data sources into real-time clinical prediction for pediatric diarrhea
Authors: Brintz Ben J , Haaland Benjamin , Howard Joel , Chao Dennis L , Proctor Joshua L , Khan Ashraful I , Ahmed Sharia M , Keegan Lindsay T , Greene Tom , Keita Adama Mamby , Kotloff Karen L , Platts-Mills James A , Nelson Eric J , Levine Adam C , Pavia Andrew T , Leung Daniel T
Published: January 2021

Traditional clinical prediction models focus on parameters of the individual patient. For infectious diseases, sources external to the patient, including characteristics of prior patients and seasonal factors, may improve predictive performance. We describe the development of a predictive model that integrates multiple sources of data in a principled statistical framework using a post-test odds formulation. Our method enables electronic real-time updating and flexibility, such that components can be included or excluded according to data availability. We apply this method to the prediction of etiology of pediatric diarrhea, where 'pre-test’ epidemiologic data may be highly informative. Diarrhea has a high burden in low-resource settings, and antibiotics are often over-prescribed. We demonstrate that our integrative method outperforms traditional prediction in accurately identifying cases with a viral etiology, and show that its clinical application, especially when used with an additional diagnostic test, could result in a 61% reduction in inappropriately prescribed antibiotics.