bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bits and Characters Substitutions to Increase the Security Level of Transmitted Secret Message
Authors: Alqadi Ziad
Published: September 2022

Chaotic logistic map model is an interesting tool, it has good features, which make it capable to create chaotic keys, these keys are stable and sensitive to the selected values of chaotic parameters. In this paper research we will introduce a simple, secure and efficient method of secret message cryptography. The encryption-decryption phases will be implemented in two rounds. Two secret keys will be used; these keys will be generated by running two CLMM with a selected chaotic parameter. The first key ‘CSK’ will be used for message characters’ substitution, while the second secret key ‘BSK’ will be used for message binary version bits’ substitution. The two secret keys will be generated using a PK which contains the selected values of the CLMM. The PK will provide a huge key space capable to resist any hacking attack, also the generated two keys will be sensitive to any changes in the PK components, making any minor changes in these components in the decryption phase will be considered as a hacking attempt. The proposed method will be implemented using various messages, the obtained results will be analyzed using various types of data analysis method to prove the quality, security and the efficiency of the proposed method.
Leadership
Authors: Oniemola Mandela , Asikhia Professor Olalekan
Published: September 2022

This article examines and evaluates major leadership theories, as well as summarizes findings from empirical leadership research. Major topics and controversies include leadership versus management, leader traits and skills, leader behaviour and activities, leader power and influence, situational determinants of leader behaviour, transformational leadership, the importance of leadership for organizational effectiveness, and leadership as an attributional process. This article attempts to provide some clarity on the major topics mentioned above. Over time there have been several writings about the importance of leadership in driving change, achieving organizational goals, and facilitating appropriate responses to many other life challenges however stakeholders have also argued that strong leadership is required, particularly during difficult times such as conflicts, economic meltdowns, or flu pandemics. What leadership means, what competencies are required to be a leader, and what role the application of leadership plays in successfully responding to challenges are all unclear in this dialogue. These questions are pertinent to the advancement of an institution, nation or a discipline and profession. The consensus among many academics and practitioners is that the growth of thinking over time has created a perception that leadership is a fluid developmental process, with each new piece of research building on and extending earlier studies rarely ignoring anything that came before it completely. Main conceptions that arose in the 20th century are the Great Man Theory, Trait Theory, Process Leadership Theory, Style and Behavioral Theory and Laissez Faire, transformational, and transactional leadership theories
MAPEAMENTO GEOGRÁFICO POR DRONE
Authors: Aguilla dos Santos Gabriel , Mirella Farina Renata
Published: September 2022

Este trabalho apresenta, por meio de embasamento teórico, informações acerca do mapeamento geográfico por meio de drones. Tal ação está cada vez mais comum e aprofundar sobre a temática é de grande relevância, pois possibilita um melhor entendimento sobre ela. Os drones, que acompanham os avanços tecnológicos, possibilitam a captação das imagens por meio de câmeras de alta resolução e sensores, que, além da imagens, acrescenta a elas coordenadas geográficas que facilitam a criação dos mapas geográficos. Essas imagens e coordenadas são lidas por softwares específicos, como QGIS, que, com suas ferramentas de trabalho, conseguem transferir as informações e criar estes mapas geográficos. Desta forma, o uso de drones no mapeamento geográfico torna-se viável, pois torna as informações mais confiáveis, além de ser um veículo que demanda de menores recursos financeiros, tornando o trabalho mais econômico
LABORATÓRIO DE ESTATÍSTICA APLICADA: APLICAÇÕES DO SOFTWARE NAS PRÁTICAS DE ESTATÍSTICA NO ENSINO SUPERIOR
Authors: Silva Sarley de Araújo , Mustafa Morais Nadime , Nelson Otoni Magno Rui , Cabral Leity Jandecy
Published: September 2022

O laboratório de estatística possibilita trabalhar práticas educativas com análise e interpretação de gráficos em estatística aplicada. O trabalho pretende facilitar o ensino de estatística através das práticas de laboratório que possibilitam aos educandos fazer uso das ferramentas. A metodologia aplicada constitui-se do software estatístico nas atividades práticas de laboratório no ensino superior. O objetivo é mostrar a importância do laboratório no ensino-aprendizagem e desenvolver materiais que possam ser utilizados nas aulas de probabilidade e estatística no ensino superior. O resultado deste trabalho constatou que o ensino de estatística, quando é realizado por meio da ferramenta relacionada à teoria e prática de laboratório nas análises exploratórias de dados, torna-se significativo, claro e preciso. Concluiu-se que a metodologia mediada por teoria e práticas em laboratório é adequada na análise de dados e resolução de aplicações de estatística, oportunizando aos educandos a visualização, compreensão e interpretação de gráficos.
The Kuznets Curve, Information and Communication Technology, and Income Inequality in Malaysia
Authors: GABRIEL YAU JIA-JUN , TAN SIOW-HOOI
Published: September 2022

This study re-investigates the presence of the Kuznets curve in the context of Malaysia, by
employing an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach. We seek to examine the
non-linear impacts of economic growth on income inequality by investigating the existence of a second turning point to the relationship. Furthermore, we also assess the impacts of information and communication technology (ICT) (through internet, mobile, and broadband usage) on income inequality, besides the determinants of income inequality which have been extensively studied within the framework. This endeavour leveraged a time series analysis whereby the data was employed from the time period of 1970–2018. Our estimation results support the S-curve hypothesis that relates economic growth to inequality starting from the back portion of the inverted U-shaped curve. Our results confirm that ICT can actually be part of an active economic policy aiming to reduce existing income inequalities.
The Willingness to Pay for Beach Recreational Facilities in Malaysia
Authors: W MOHAMAD WAN NORHIDAYAH , ABDUL FATAH FATEN NABILA , SAMDIN ZAITON , BASRI BAKTI HASAN-
Published: September 2022

The tourism sector plays an important part in Malaysia's economy. It includes beach and recreational tourism. However, most recreational beaches in Malaysia do not impose an entrance fee on visitors. Depending on government funding to maintain recreational beach facilities is not the best option for the future. Therefore, funding directly from visitors is needed to help cater for beach maintenance costs. Based on this, it is crucial to understand how much visitors are willing to pay for the recreational use of beaches, as any money collected could be used to help to improve facilities and services at beach areas. This study investigated visitors' willingness to pay for recreational beach facilities and has provided policy recommendations for better management of tourist facilities and services in the future. Teluk Kemang beach in Port Dickson was chosen as the case study location. This study applied the Choice Experiments (CE) method, and the model used was the Conditional Logit (CL) model. This research used four attributes: amenities, recreational facilities, cleanliness, and entrance fee. The CL results revealed that visitors were willing to pay for good amenities and cleanliness, with values of RM2.07 and RM2.43, respectively. Therefore, it was discovered that it was practical to charge an entrance fee to cover improved maintenance of beach facilities.
Participation (Islamic) Banking in Turkey: A Bibliometric Analysis and Future Research Agenda
Authors: İSLAM MUHAMMED TARIK , HASSAN MOHAMMAD KABIR , ABDULLAHI KAMAL TASIU , GIDER ZEYNULLAH
Published: September 2022

Turkey's Muslim heritage is rich and a Muslim majority country. Over time, more Islamic banks have opened around the world, including in Turkey. Turkey calls Islamic banks "participation banks". The study reviews bibliometric and content analysis of Turkish participation banking from Scopus. Scopus data were retrieved on Jan. 20, 2022. The keyword "Islam* or participation and bank* and Turkey or Turkish" was utilized in the title-abs-key. 82 articles and 2 reviews were examined from 1990 to 2021 in Scopus. RStudio, VOSviewer, and Excel analyzed quantitative data. Overall performance, citation (quantitative), and conceptual (qualitative) discussion for further research. The most-cited paper had 73 citations. The most relevant author, countries, institutions, and journals are AYSAN AF with 5 publications, Turkey, Istanbul University, and "International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management". The preceding literature evaluation reveals research gaps and study proposals. The analysis includes both mediumand high-quality English papers and reviews from Scopus. It accepts just Turkish participation banking-related papers. Additional research could involve the Web of Science and other units. According to the authors, It's the first bibliometric analysis of participation banking in Turkey. This research may also serve as a model for future Turkish scholars and policymakers.
The Impact of the Investor Sentiment Index (SMI) on the Malaysian Stock Market during the COVID 19 Pandamic
Authors: ALBADA ALI , NIZAR NURHUDA
Published: September 2022

COVID-19 is a highly contagious viral infection that has changed the world, with many
human lives being lost. This study aimed to analyse investors' sentiment and stock market
behaviour in Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Stock market performance was
measured through the FTSE BURSA 100 Index (T100) from January 29, 2020, until
March 31, 2021, by employing principal component analysis (PCA) to construct the
investors' Sentiment Index (SMI). The results indicated that the sudden outbreak of
COVID-19 and its rapid spread significantly impacted investors' psychology, which
disrupted investors' investment decisions. Furthermore, rapid increases in confirmed
COVID-19 cases and deaths increased the uncertainty and unpredictability of the country's
economic situation. As a result, the Malaysian financial market showed a steep downward
trend during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Migrant Food Handlers’ Impacts on Food Quality and Safety in Malaysia Food Service Industry
Authors: YUSOFF NURUL NABILA , HAMEDANI SHAHAREH SHAHIDI , MAT DELI MAZZLIDA , ALI MOHD HELMI , CHE ABD RAHMAN MARA RIDHUAN
Published: September 2022

This study aims to empirically examine the migrant food handlers’ perceived knowledge,
skills, and attitudes and their impact on food quality and safety in the context of
Malaysia’s foodservice industry. Using the data gathered from 198 supervisors and
managers from food premises in Malaysia and analysis using SPSS (version 20) and
SmartPLS 3.0 software, this research found that migrant food handlers have moderate
perceived knowledge, skills and attitudes in food handling practices impact the food
quality and safety. Specifically, this study confirmed that knowledge and attitudes
positively and significantly affect food quality and food safety. However, insignificant
results were found between skills and food safety, even though it showed a substantial
impact on food quality. The findings are original and unique. It is one of the first studies to investigate the knowledge, skills, and attitude of migrant food handlers their effect on food quality and food safety, especially in Malaysia. Besides, this study extends the established theories from the literature on knowledge, skills and attitudes analysing in the foodservice sector. Therefore, this research finding is valuable for food services practitioners to focus on enhancing food quality and safety through the migrant workforce.
The Effects of Credit Supply Shocks on Malaysia's Economy
Authors: AFHAM M. S. M. KHAIR- , ROSLAND ANITHA
Published: September 2022

This study has examined the impacts of credit supply shocks and other common economicshocks (aggregate demand & supply and monetary shocks) on Malaysia's macroeconomicvariables, using the Bayesian structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) model andemploying sign restrictions. The results showed that an expansionary credit supply shockpositively affected the Malaysian economy, consistent with the existing literature. Basedon the variance decomposition finding, credit supply shocks explained a significantportion of the anticipated variation in the GDP growth, inflation, and, most importantly,credit growth in Malaysia. This study further decomposed total private non-financialcorporate loans into two components: households and non-financial firms. Unlike othereconomies that have extensively researched this subject matter (US, UK, Euro Area), thegrowth rate of households and non-financial firms differed greatly in Malaysia. The
empirical findings revealed considerable distinctions between these two components,
indicating that different treatments or policy formulations are required rather than
employing the same policy to boost or govern Malaysia's credit market.
The Impacts of The Systematic, Idiosyncratic Risks and Market Sentiment
on China A-Shares Performances
Authors: DA JIAQI , MD. NASSIR ANNUAR , HASHIM MOHD PADZIL , THENG LAU WEI
Published: September 2022

The purposes of this paper are (i) to examine 3 driving factors affecting China A-shares
market performance; namely systematic risk, idiosyncratic risk, and market sentiment, and (ii) to investigate the relationship between state-owned enterprise (SOE) & non-SOE and stock returns. In addition, the study also analyze normal condition and the impacts of Sino-US trade war and Covid-19 pandemic. This study employs monthly data which is
divided into two parts namely (i) 2004-2020 period and (ii) 2018-2020 period. Multiple
classic asset pricing models are employed to investigate the impacts of the 3 driving
factors on stock returns. The results showed that these 3 driving factors exert significant influence on China A-shares in 2004-2020, However, the impact of market sentiment is weak during the period 2018-2020. Furthermore, market risks, firm size and B/M factor show great impacts on both SOE and non-SOE, profitability factor affecting non-SOE stock return is more important than investment which improves SOE stock return. This study proposes that investors and companies pay more attention to systematic risk and idiosyncratic risk, which potentially have greater impact on the stock market and to reduce unnecessary economic losses.
Participation (Islamic) Banking in Turkey: A Bibliometric Analysis and Future Research Agenda
Authors: İSLAM MUHAMMED TARIK , HASSAN MOHAMMAD KABIR , ABDULLAHI KAMAL TASIU , GIDER ZEYNULLAH
Published: September 2022

Turkey's Muslim heritage is rich and a Muslim majority country. Over time, more Islamic
banks have opened around the world, including in Turkey. Turkey calls Islamic banks
"participation banks". The study reviews bibliometric and content analysis of Turkish
participation banking from Scopus. Scopus data were retrieved on Jan. 20, 2022. The
keyword "Islam* or participation and bank* and Turkey or Turkish" was utilized in the
title-abs-key. 82 articles and 2 reviews were examined from 1990 to 2021 in Scopus.
RStudio, VOSviewer, and Excel analyzed quantitative data. Overall performance, citation
(quantitative), and conceptual (qualitative) discussion for further research. The most-cited paper had 73 citations. The most relevant author, countries, institutions, and journals are AYSAN AF with 5 publications, Turkey, Istanbul University, and "International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management". The preceding literature evaluation reveals research gaps and study proposals. The analysis includes both mediumand high-quality English papers and reviews from Scopus. It accepts just Turkish participation banking-related papers. Additional research could involve the Web of Science and other units. According to the authors, It's the first bibliometric analysis of participation banking in Turkey. This research may also serve as a model for future Turkish scholars and policymakers.
The Impact of the Investor Sentiment Index (SMI) on the Malaysian Stock Market during the COVID 19 Pandamic
Authors: ALBADA ALI , NIZAR NURHUDA
Published: September 2022

COVID-19 is a highly contagious viral infection that has changed the world, with many
human lives being lost. This study aimed to analyse investors' sentiment and stock market
behaviour in Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Stock market performance was
measured through the FTSE BURSA 100 Index (T100) from January 29, 2020, until
March 31, 2021, by employing principal component analysis (PCA) to construct the
investors' Sentiment Index (SMI). The results indicated that the sudden outbreak of
COVID-19 and its rapid spread significantly impacted investors' psychology, which
disrupted investors' investment decisions. Furthermore, rapid increases in confirmed
COVID-19 cases and deaths increased the uncertainty and unpredictability of the country's
economic situation. As a result, the Malaysian financial market showed a steep downward
trend during the COVID-19 pandemic
Compromis
Authors: Nachi Mohamed
Published: September 2022

Réflexion synthétique sur le compromis, sur ses racines sémantiques, ses ressorts et sa place dans différents domaines de la vie sociale
Impact of Climate Change on Crop-Pathogen Interaction: A Review
Authors: Sreenivas S. S.
Published: September 2022

Crop response to climatic variation is critical criterion not only in yield and productivity but also, its interaction with pathogens. Disease triangle happens under a favourable weather, virulent pathogen and a susceptible host. Climate change influences both host plant and pathogens leading to altered interaction and disease cycle. Carbon dioxide is a major contributor in the green house gas phenomenon. The consequent influence of GHG effect on temperature due to warming and erratic seasonal weather has an impact on both plant and pathogen development. Physiological changes in plants impact pathogenicity and disease development. Altered crop physiology under climate change is more susceptible to biotic stress. Hence, it is essential to understand impact of climate change on host plants to know the disease dynamics.
A Low Profile Microstrip Patch Antenna using a Polygon-Shaped Patch for Wireless Applications.
Authors: RAMAR MUTHU KRISHNAN , G KANNAN
Published: September 2022

In this paper. a low profile microstrip patch antenna is presented. The FR4 substrate is chosen for the dielectric substrate with a height of 1.6 mm. The presented antenna employs a polygon-shaped patch as the radiator for operating at 2.4 GHz. Co-axial feed is selected to excite the resented antenna to retain the low profile property of the antenna. The simulated results of the proposed antenna were analyzed and the structure of the proposed antenna was validated through fabrication results. The vector network analyzer is used to measure the real-time return loss property of the presented antenna.
Detection of Active Fires with Sentinel-3 Data and Their Verification through the use of Sentinel-2 Data
Authors: GÜLER Ümit , KALKAN Kaan
Published: September 2022

The increase in forest fires worldwide as a result of global warming has recently been felt clearly in our country as well. This increase necessitated the activities to detect, monitor and control such incidents in the earliest way, to be carried out quickly, organized and correctly. There are different methods for detecting and monitoring forest fires at an early stage. Using satellite remote sensing data is one of these methods and valuable data can be obtained for fire detection through payloads placed on different satellites in low or geosynchronous orbit. In this study, in order to monitor forest fires and determine the area damaged by the fire, the forest fire that resulted in the burning of a huge area in Manavgat district of Antalya province in 2021 was examined using Sentinel-2A and Sentinel-3A data. As a result of the study, it has been seen that satellites provide valuable information in the monitoring of forest fires and it has been pointed out that the design of our next-generation satellites in geosynchronous orbit, in a way that will provide data for fire detection and monitoring will facilitate the follow-up of forest fires that will occur in our country.
Monitoring the Damage in the Forest Caused by Forest Pests via Google Earth Engine
Authors: YAMAN Şule , TUNÇ GÖRMÜŞ Esra
Published: September 2022

Forests tend to disappear for various reasons. Insects have problems such as very high reproduction and spread rates, unpredictable distribution directions, and inability to intervene quickly in the fight against insects. For this reason, harmful insects are at the beginning of many factors that cause forest loss. For the study, Bursa-İnegöl Tahtaköprü location, which was affected by the red-tailed beech caterpillar (Calliteara pudibunda) affecting beech trees, was determined as the study area. This study was carried out on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) interface. For the study area, using Sentinel-2A and Landsat-8 satellite data for the period 2017-2021, 6 different plant indexes; NDVI, EVI, SAVI, RVI, TVI, NPCRI were calculated and it was determined that the most affected period from pests was October 2019. These indices were also calculated for October 2019, and classification was made for four different data combinations in 5 different classes (diseased, healthy, road, power line, settlement) using the Random Forest Classification Algorithm and Support Vector Machines methods, which are machine learning-based classification methods. The classification result was compared for Landsat-8 and Sentine-2A, and the best result was the combination including all plant indices for Sentinel-2A satellite data, and the overall accuracy was calculated as 98.48 and the kappa coefficient as 97.68.
CBS tabanlı AHP yöntemi kullanılarak Bitlis İlinin Heyelan Duyarlılık Haritalaması
Authors: AYDIN Mehmet Cihan , SEVGİ BİRİNCİOĞLU Elif , BÜYÜKSARAÇ Aydın
Published: September 2022

This study presents the landslide susceptibility assessment of the region by considering the landslide-susceptible hazard factors such as slope, precipitation, soil, lithology, distance to the river, land use, elevation, aspect, and distance to active faults as well as historical landslide events and population throughout the province of Bitlis. For this purpose, a GIS-based Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used as an effective method in multiple decision-making methods. The results showed that approximately 25% of the study area has moderate to high landslide susceptibility. Accordingly, the landslide susceptibility of the study area is high, especially in the southwest and southeast parts of the study area which have mountainous and deep river valleys, and the partially mountainous regions in the north. Compared with previous landslide records and similar susceptibility maps in the literature, the results were found to be quite successful in determining landslide susceptibility of the study area. However, risk assessment wasn’t made within the scope of the study.
The Estimation of Actual Evapotranspiration by the SEBAL Model Using the Landsat Satellite Images: A Case Study of Yenicaga, Bolu
Authors: EVCEN Atahan , YAĞCI Ali Levent
Published: September 2022

Su yönetiminin en önemli basamaklarından biri, su bütçesinin yüksek doğruluklu bir şekilde hesaplanmasıdır. Su bütçesinde yağıştan sonraki en önemli parametre gerçek evapotranspirasyondur (ET). ET, bitki yüzeyinden terleme ve toprak yüzeyinden buharlaşma ile kaybolan su miktarının toplamıdır. Bu çalışmada ET’nin Landsat 5 ve Landsat 8 uydu görüntüleri kullanarak SEBAL modeli ile hesaplanması ve modelin doğruluğunun yersel veriler kullanarak test edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. SEBAL modeli ile üretilen ET haritaları, 2010-2014 yılları arasında Bolu Yeniçağa Gölü’nün kuzey tarafında kurulan yersel akı kulesinde eddy kovaryans yöntemi ile toplanan gözlemler ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, uydu görüntülerinden SEBAL modelinden hesaplanan ET değerleri ile yersel verilerden hesaplanan günlük ET değerleri arasında güçlü bir ilişki bulunmuştur (R²=0.83). Ayrıca, model yersel veriye göre günlük toplam ET değerlerini 0.04 mm fazla (pozitif biyas) hesaplamıştır. Modelin yersel verilere göre mutlak ortalama ve karesel ortalama hata değerleri sırasıyla günlük 0.63 mm ve 0.71 mm bulunmuştur.
Investigating Metal-Induced Vegetation Stress with Landsat ETM+ Satellite Images
Authors: TUNÇ GÖRMÜŞ Esra , YILDIRIM Feride Seçil
Published: September 2022

Remote sensing technology is used in many areas today, facilitating spatial analysis operations under difficult conditions. This technology offers solutions in different fields such as forest degradation, land classification, change analysis and mine detection. In particular, mine detection is of great importance for the economies of countries. Detecting mines with terrestrial measurement techniques in vegetated areas is a challenging situation, but mine sites can be easily detected, by using satellite images in a shorter time. When plants are exposed to heavy metals, anomalies occur and they cause reduction in the amount of chlorophyll. This can be observed as decrease in the reflectance values. In this study, it is aimed to detect the stress of the plants due to heavy metal by measuring the amount of the change in the reflectance values of plants in mining area and non-mining area. In this context, VIGS index is exploited on Landsat ETM+ satellite images belong to Cukuralan/Izmir and Kisladag/Usak regions for both gold mine and non-gold mine areas. Other vegetation indices (NDVI, GNDVI, BNDVI) were also computed on these sites when they were covered with vegetation. According to the evaluation results, it was seen that the difference between the values of the VIGS and NDVI indexes in the mine and not mine areas were higher, and therefore it was suggested that they could be used to determine the amount of anomaly in the wooded areas.
AS PROPRIEDADES DA FISIOPATOLOGIA DA COVID-19 E OS IMPACTOS NO SISTEMA CARDIOVASCULAR
Authors: Molinero Fernanda Cândida de Araújo , Guimarães Flávia Peixoto da Silva , Goes Gabriela Gonsales Maciel , Costa Maria Clara Nunes , Araújo Patrícia Cândida de , Santiago Thayany Steffanny Fontenele , Pacheco Victória Caroline Guimarães , Oliveira Maria Aurea Soares de , Pereira Vandbergue dos Santos
Published: September 2022

O COVID-19 é uma doença agressiva com alto grau de viralização e letalidade. Esta doença está relacionada a alguns quadros patológicos cardíacos que podem ser fatores de risco ou consequências da infecção pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2. Alguns dos possíveis mecanismos fisiopatológicos para a causa da insuficiência cardíaca na infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 são: a ativação da cascata inflamatória, a hiperestimulação do sistema neuro-humoral e a toxicidade do vírus. A arritmia cardíaca causada pela infecção pelo COVID-19 tem mecanismo que se assemelha ao da miocardite, o qual causa lesão miocárdica de forma aguda e, posteriormente, fibrose atrial e ventricular. A miocardite provocada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2 leva a uma isquemia cardíaca, causando lesões miocárdicas. Os mecanismos da miocardite, infarto agudo do miocárdio e tromboembolismo são correlacionados, visto que a lesão miocárdica pode ser tanto causa como consequência das condições supracitadas. Em suma, os mecanismos pelos quais o Sars-CoV-2 causa consequências cardiovasculares ainda não foram completamente elucidados, mas, como apontado neste estudo, diferentes pesquisadores apontam para essa forte correlação, com aumento no comprometimento do sistema cardiovascular.
Fractal assessment of street-level skylines: a possible means of assessing and comparing character
Authors: Cooper Jon
Published: September 2022

Fractal analysis and the calculation of fractal dimension offers the potential for the numerical characterization of places by providing a synthetic measurement of place complexity. This paper provides a fractal analysis of street-scale urban skylines, linking the calculation of fractal dimension to the presence of the physical features making up a skyline. A technique for calculating skyline fractal dimensions is presented and suggestions are made about the use of fractal analysis in comparing the character of places.
The history of urban morphology
Authors: Gauthiez Bernard
Published: September 2022

The use of town plans as a source for history and geography and as data for urban planning led, from the end of the nineteenth century, to major developments in the theoretical and analytical aspects of urban morphology. The contributions of the Italian 'school', first Muratori and then Caniggia, principally on architectural typology, are well known today, as are the contributions of the English 'school' initiated by Conzen. But knowledge of previous work is generally poor, especially of the German 'school', which played a major role between the 1890s and the 1950s. This article is a history of the ideas of urban morphology, based upon an examination of the German, English, French and Italian contributions. Its aim is to identify the most relevant scholars in this field and the way in which ideas passed from one discipline to another and across state frontiers. After examining the present-day situation, a new approach is proposed that achieves a better integration of morphological analysis and the use of written sources.
The restructuring of Bulgarian towns at the end of the nineteenth century
Authors: Stanilov Kiril , Donchev Veselin
Published: September 2022

The paper explores the morphological transformations of Bulgarian towns at the end of the nineteenth century. These transformations occurred as a result of massive restructuring of existing towns through the implementation of new modernist principles of town planning popularized during that period. Informal rules that governed development patterns for centuries based on continuing cultural and building traditions were abruptly replaced by rational ideas about a new spatial order imposed by a centralized authority. Features specific to the Balkan region and those occurring more widely are noted. Variations between the plans are investigated in terms of their response to the realities and unique characteristics of existing Bulgarian towns subjected to large-scale redevelopment. A range of planning approaches employed at the time is outlined. While some plans ruthlessly imposed a new spatial order, others attempted to integrate the existing fabric into the new spatial framework advanced by the plans. The paper explores further the rationale shaping these various responses. A comparison is made between the plans as a manifestation of idealistic design principles and the extent of their implementation within a turbulent period of dramatic economic and political transformation.
Fire alleys in Finnish urban design
Authors: Kirjakka Marjut
Published: September 2022

Until the late-nineteenth century fire safety was considered the greatest problem in Finnish wooden towns. At first, masonry buildings were believed to be the solution and greater spaciousness was emphasized for aesthetic reasons. Later, spaciousness was recognized as improving fire safety. The practical goal was to extinguish fires; only later came fire protection through the creation of openings in the urban fabric that were wide enough to prevent fire from spreading. In the first phase streets were widened. In the late-eighteenth century there arose a need to diminish the likelihood of fires and also for experimentation with new methods of making urban structures more spacious. The first fire alleys were planned in the new town of Kuopio. They were an attempt to create in the street-block interior public or semi-public space. In old towns the only feasible solution was narrow fire alleys. They could not prevent fire from spreading, but they made it possible to penetrate into seats of fire in the street-block interior. A new street-block type emerged when the idea of fire alleys was combined with the awareness that deciduous trees could slow down or even stop a fire: one side of the plot was left without buildings to make it possible to plant deciduous trees. In its final form the street block was proposed by the inhabitants and can be regarded as a Finnish invention.
Urban morphology as a basis for urban design: the project for the Isola dei Cantieri in Chioggia
Authors: Maretto Marco
Published: September 2022

Settlements can be considered as complex syntheses of their territory in which economic resources are translated into their structural equivalents. The organization of land usually follows the same criteria that guided the settlement process in which there is a typological correspondence between urban and rural fabric. It enables the formation of a homogeneous land structure on which all later anthropic transformations will be based. For this reason a typo-morphological interpretation of settlements in history can represent an important point of reference for urban design. Unlike the ideological component that characterized the typological debate in Italy during the last century, a return to empirical data can represent a sound basis for a new urban design strategy. It needs to interpret the complexities of the new urban phenomena, yet be fully aware of their historical role and their unique identity. This paper can be considered a first attempt in that direction. It concerns a project for the urban and building renewal of the Isola dei Cantieri in Chioggia. It takes as a starting point the typo-morphological interpretation of the historic centre of Chioggia as part of the wider lagoon human landscape. Using the tools of urban morphology, we set out to design a new urban district that was nevertheless deeply rooted in the building history of this part of the Venetian Lagoon.
Ortaçağ Türk Şiirinde “Sünbül” İmgesi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: DOĞAN Hüseyin
Published: September 2022

In the literature of medieval Turkish civilization, the concept of "sünbül" has a very rich variety of usage. This diversity has manifested itself in the humanities as well as in the natural and applied sciences, especially in Turkish poetry, where the concept of sünbül is widely used. How does the concept of sünbül differ between texts of natural and applied sciences and literature? In literary texts, it is necessary to investigate what is meant by the use of sünbül. In this study, we discussed what is meant by the use of sünbül in poetry by comparing the works created using Turkish in the Middle Ages in natural and applied sciences with the medieval Turkish poetry. In the literature of medieval Turkish civilization, the concept of "sünbül" is a concept used in the disciplines of botany, astrology and semiotics, as well as its use as a poetic image. In our study, a general viewpoint has been created to cover the definition and usage areas of the use of sünbül in the works of the Old Anatolian Turkish period, and in the conclusion part, all these uses and the values that the concept expresses. According to our findings, the use of "sünbül" in Turkish poetry is related to its terminology in the three disciplines. As a botanical term, a relation was established between the sünbül and the ideal woman's hair, and the pleasant scents of the plants known as sünbül in the Middle Ages, the filamentous structures seen in the root systems of these plants or, possibly, the inflorescence. As the term of astronomy, sünbül is meant by establishing a visual similarity with the concept of sünbül, which is used as a botanical term, and the modern sign of Virgo, called "sünbüle". As a semiotic term, the sünbül was used to indicate the perfect hair of the ideal woman, as well as the scent of this hair, it has also been mentioned among the elements that complement the beauty of a unique and celestial garden from time to time. This study also argues that in addition to the aforementioned forms of use, the establishment of the relationship between “sünbül” and “zülüf” is an evolved manifestation of the feeling of gratitude towards the goddesses of agriculture in Antiquity. Keywords: History of plants, Medieval astronomy, Medieval botany, Medieval semiology, spikenard.
PREDICTION OF HEART DISEASE CLASSIFICATION BY RANDOM FOREST MODEL BASED ON GREY WOLF OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM
Authors: MEI Lin , GENG Ning , WANG Jie
Published: September 2022

This paper proposes a random forest model based on the gray wolf optimization algorithm to study the classification of heart disease, and compares it with the prediction results of decision tree and basic random forest. The results show that the random forest using the optimization algorithm has better prediction results, its accuracy is 5.2% higher than that of ordinary random forest, which provides a certain reference for the prediction and prevention of heart disease in the future.
EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION, A FACTOR OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF THE COMPANY
Authors: Marc Tiana ANDRIANARIZAKA , Alexandre TSISAROTINA Maminiaina René , Jean Marie RASOAMPARANY
Published: September 2022

The intensity of competition accentuated by globalization forces companies to look for all possible strategies to perform. In this context, human resources management is becoming more and more strategic and employee satisfaction is an objective. Thus, the question arises as to how employee satisfaction could impact the financial performance of the company? Based on the hypothesis that employee satisfaction affects the company's financial performance, this work aims to analyze the dependency between these two variables by means of an opinion survey of 100 employees
WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT USING THE POLLUTION INDEX MODEL (PIJ) FOR IRRIGATION PURPOSES. A CASE STUDY: DOHUK VALLEY WATER IN NORTHERN IRAQ
Authors: M. A. Qaseem Najlaa , Y.T. Al-Saffaw Abdulazeez , A. Khalid Maher
Published: September 2022

A field survey was conducted for Duhok valley, fields and orchards in northern Iraq, where water is used for irrigation. Six sites were identified for collecting water samples starting from February 2021 until January 2022 to estimate both (pH, Electrical conductivity (EC25), chloride ions (Cl- ), bicarbonate (HCO3 - ) as well as irrigation parameters such as sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), sodium percentage (% Na), permeability index (P.I), kelly ratio (K.R), Magnesium hazard (M.H) and potential salinity (P.S). The pollution index (PIJ) model was used to assess water quality for irrigation. The results of the current study indicated that the water quality index (PIj) values ranged between (0.9691 to 1.4559) and that 66.7% of the water samples were from the Lightly polluted water category, and the rest were from the good quality category for irrigation purposes. The relative deterioration of most of the irrigation water samples is attributed to the high concentration of bicarbonate ions (HCO3 - ) and the magnesium hazard (M.H), which reached (7.80) meq. l-1 and (84.0), respectively.
USING THE ORGAN MODEL (OWQI) TO EVALUATE AL-DANDAN WATER SUPPLY STATION AND ITS RESIDENTIAL QUARTERS, MOSUL, IRAQ.
Authors: Mohtfer Zahraa Anmar , Younis. T. Al-Saffawi2 Abdulazeez
Published: September 2022

The current study was conducted to assess the quality of treated water in the Dandan water treatment plant for drinking water and its related residential neighborhoods on the right side of Mosul city. Water samples were collected from ten sites (before and after treatment and the rest from the residential areas included in the study) to estimate the physical, chemical and bacteriological properties, the Organ Model (OWQI) was also applied to assess the quality of the studied water. The results of the study indicated the efficiency of the Dandan water treatment plant for drinking, where the water was of the type of excellent water after treatment, while the rest of the studied sites were of the category of excellent water quality to very good quality, as a result of the quality index values ranged between (88.74 to 91.7) This relative decline in water quality in some residential neighborhoods is due to the presence of fecal coliform bacteria in some periods. The study recommends educating the population about the harms of connecting water pumps directly to the distribution network pipes and applying deterrent laws to violators.
Study of the Effect of Some Ethnomedicinal Plants in the Treatment of Kidney Stones Specially Calcium Oxalate Through Chemoinhibition Experiment in vitro Condition
Authors: Asem Bimola Devi , Singh Oinam Ibopishak
Published: September 2022

Many novel compounds had obtained from the plants having medicinal property. Among the medicinal plants, those having antiurolithiatic properties are important and are very effective in controlling and curing of stone formation in the urinary tract. The inhibitory effect of aqueous methanolic extract of traditionally used medicinal plants were studied on the formation of calcium oxalate(CaOX) stone in aqueous as well as in urinary medium. The inhibitory effects were presented as the percentage of inhibition or the degree of inhibition as compared to blank urine. The inhibition in stone formation is due to its capacity of increasing the solubility product of its constituents and is determined through chemoinhibition experiment. The antiurolithiatic properties of different medicinal plants were studied and presented in decreasing order in the present work. The finding give support the effectiveness of many medicinal plants against the urolithiatic cases specially in CaOX formation as used in the folklore medicine.

Key words: Novel, Antiurolithiatic, Inhibitory, Chemoinhibition , Urinary, Folklore
Comparison of Immediate and Long Term Effects of Neurodynamic Sliding, PNF Stretching and Static Stretching on Hamstring Flexibility in Young Adults with Hamstring Tightness
Authors: N Remya. , Reethu Elsa , Unnikrishnan Manju
Published: September 2022

Hamstring flexibility is reduced due to postural adaptations and this can cause limitations in joint range of motion and muscular imbalance and can affect physical performance of a person. The Neurodynamic sliding technique, PNF stretching and Static stretching are three different techniques that have shown improvement on Hamstring flexibility. The aim of the present study is to compare the short term and long term effects of Neurodynamic sliding, PNF stretching and Static stretching on Hamstring flexibility in young subjects with hamstring tightness. A comparative study was conducted on 63 subjects, who were divided into 3 groups, A, B and C. Group A received Neurodynamic sliding, Group B received Static stretching and Group C received PNF Stretching. The intervention was given 3 times per week for 4 weeks, Pre and post test of Hamstring flexibility were assessed using passive knee extension test, Straight Leg Raise and Active Knee Extension test. Follow up values were taken after one month. The results from all three outcome measures suggest that Group B has greater short term effects when compared to other groups (p<0.05), whereas, group A have greater long term effect than group B and group C (p<0.05). The study concluded that both interventions significantly improved Hamstring flexibility, but Static stretching has greater immediate effect in improving Hamstring flexibility than other two types of stretching, whereas, Neurodynamic sliding have more long term effect. PNF stretching has immediate effects but was less significant than static stretching and their effects where not carried to long term.

Key words: Hamstring flexibility, hamstring tightness, Neurodynamic sliding, PNF stretching, Static stretching, Active knee extension, Straight leg raise, passive knee extension
A Case Report of Appendicitis and Management by Alternative Treatment of Medicine
Authors: Sarkar Dr. Tanmay , Das Dr. Abhinandan
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Appendicitis is a common cause of abdominal pain. Large scale appendicitis patients are going to be treated surgically but sometimes complications are inherent to post-operative treatment. The most common postoperative complications are wound infection, intra-abdominal abscess, retrocecal abscess, intestinal perforation with peritonitis, bleeding, and adhesions ileus caused by intra-abdominal adhesions, which vary in frequency between open and laparoscopic appendectomy. At present-day it is treated safely in Homoeopathic medicine.
Case Summary: We are going to represent a case report of recurrent Acute Appendicitis which was successfully treated by the Individualized Homoeopathic Remedies. The results were evident within a few weeks, which further elucidated the role of constitutional treatment in homoeopathy.

Key words: Homoeopathy, Calcarea Carbonica, Lycopodium Clavatum, Magnesium Phosphoricum, Nux Vomica, Appendicitis, Centesimal Scale, Ultrasonography.
Serum Immunoglobulin E levels and Atopic Diseases in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected and Non-Infected Children and Their Association with the Severity of HIV Infection at a Tertiary Hospital, South-West Nigeria
Authors: Olagunju Funso Abidemi , Oninla Samuel Olorunyomi , Oyedeji Olusola Adetunji
Published: September 2022

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection had been reported to increase serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE) and the prevalence of atopic diseases. However, there is a paucity of data in the literature on the association between the severity of HIV infection and serum IgE and atopic diseases among children in the Sub-Sahara African region, particularly Nigeria.
OBJECTIVES: To assess serum IgE levels, prevalence and pattern of atopic diseases, and their association with the severity of HIV infection in children on antiretroviral therapy.
METHODS: One hundred HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy recruited consecutively into a cross-sectional study were age and sex-matched with 100 non-infected. International study of asthma and allergy in childhood (ISAAC) proforma was used to obtain information from all the participants. Serum IgE levels and Cluster of differentiation (CD) 4+ counts of all the participants were determined, as well as, HIV viral load of the infected participants. HIV viral load, CD 4 counts and WHO clinical staging were used to classified HIV severity. Data analysis was done using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21, and statistic significant level was put at p<0.05.
RESULTS: Mean (SD) serum IgE of the HIV-infected and non HIV-infected children were 150.6 (12.7)iμ/ml and 94.8 (5.6)iμ/ml respectively (p=0.001). The overall prevalence of atopic diseases among HIV-infected and non-infected children were 15.0% and 6.0% respectively, p=0.031. Among HIV-infected, allergic conjunctivitis accounted for 11.0% and allergic rhinitis 4.0%, while among non-infected allergic conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis and asthma accounted for 4.0%, 1.0% and 1.0% respectively. Based on WHO clinical staging, serum IgE level was significantly higher in advanced disease than in early (p<0.001), and likewise the prevalence of atopic diseases (p=0.011).
CONCLUSION: An elevated level of serum IgE and a higher prevalence of atopic diseases were observed among infected children compared to non-infected counterparts. HIV disease severity was associated with elevated serum IgE and the prevalence of atopic disease. Atopic diseases should therefore be routinely sought for in HIV-infected children.

Key words: Serum immunoglobulin E, Atopic diseases, HIV severity, Children