bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contrast leakage distant from the hematoma in patients with spontaneous ICH: A 7 T MRI study
Authors: Jolink Wilmar MT , Lindenholz Arjen , van Etten Ellis S , van Nieuwenhuizen Koen M , Schreuder Floris HBM , Kuijf Hugo J , van Osch Matthias JP , Hendrikse Jeroen , Rinkel Gabriel JE , Wermer Marieke JH , Klijn Catharina JM
Published: May 2019

Disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) might play a role in the pathophysiology of cerebral small vessel disease-related ICH. The aim of this study was to assess presence and extent of contrast agent leakage distant from the hematoma as a marker of BBB disruption in patients with spontaneous ICH. We prospectively performed 7 tesla MRI in adult patients with spontaneous ICH and assessed contrast leakage distant from the hematoma on 3D FLAIR images. Thirty-one patients were included (mean age 60 years, 29% women). Median time between ICH and MRI was 20 days (IQR 9–67 days). Seventeen patients (54%; seven lobar, nine deep, one infratentorial ICH) had contrast leakage, located cortical in 16 and cortical and deep in one patient. Patients with contrast leakage more often had lobar cerebral microbleeds (CMBs; 77%) than those without (36%; RR 2.5, 95% CI 1.1–5.7) and a higher number of lobar CMBs (patients with contrast leakage: median 2, IQR 1–8 versus those without: median 0, IQR 0–2; p = 0.02). This study shows that contrast leakage distant from the hematoma is common in days to weeks after spontaneous ICH. It is located predominantly cortical and related to lobar CMBs and therefore possibly to cerebral amyloid angiopathy.
Online Decision Aids for Knee Osteoarthritis and Low Back Pain: An Environmental Scan and Evaluation
Authors: Fajardo Michael Anthony , Durayb Bandar , Zhong Haoxi , Trevena Lyndal , Traeger Adrian , Bonner Carissa
Published: May 2019

Background. Musculoskeletal conditions are leading causes of disability. Management options are plentiful, but the current evidence base suggests many are ineffective or unproven. Online decision aids can help support patients make informed health care choices. However, there are little data on the quality of online decision aids for common musculoskeletal conditions such as knee or low back pain. Purpose. To identify all publicly available online decision aids for knee osteoarthritis and low back pain and evaluate them against the International Patient Decision Aids Standards Inventory (IPDASi). Data Sources. Google Australia. Study selection. Two reviewers independently screened websites for inclusion and assessed the quality of included online decision aids between April and May 2018. Included online decision aids were free, provided information about knee osteoarthritis or low back pain, and written in English. Online decision aids that required payment, targeted health professionals, addressed rheumatoid arthritis, or addressed a screening decision were excluded. Data Extraction. IPDASi Version 4. Data Synthesis. Twenty-five online decision aids were identified: 15 knee osteoarthritis and 10 low back pain. Only 3 online decision aids (12%) provided a “wait-and-see” option. Nineteen (75%) met IPDASi criteria to be considered a decision aid and 3 (12%) met IPDASi criteria to state that the online decision aid was unbiased. Limitations. Dynamic nature of Google searches may not be replicable easily. Conclusions. Few good-quality online decision aids are available for people with knee osteoarthritis or low back pain. Most online decision aids failed to explicitly provide a wait-and-see option, suggesting a bias toward intervention. These online decision aids would benefit from explicitly highlighting a wait-and-see option to support informed choice.
Matching Kidneys with Priority in Kidney Exchange Programs
Authors: Liu Wenhao , Melcher Marc L.
Published: May 2019

Kidney exchanges were developed to match kidney failure patients with willing but incompatible donors to other donor-patient pairs. Finding a match in a large candidate pool can be modeled as an integer program. However, these exchanges accumulate participants with characteristics that increase the difficulty of finding a match and, therefore, increase patients’ waiting time. Therefore, we sought to fine-tune the formulation of the integer program by more accurately assigning priorities to patients based on their difficulty of matching. We provide a detailed formulation of prioritized kidney exchange and propose a novel prioritization algorithm. Our approach takes advantage of the global knowledge of the donor-patient compatibility within a pool of pairs and calculates an iterative, paired match power (iPMP) to represent the donor-patient pairs’ abilities to match. Monte Carlo simulation shows that an algorithm using the iPMP reduces the waiting time more than using paired match power (PMP) for the difficult-to-match pairs with hazard ratios of 1.3480 and 1.1100, respectively. Thus, the iPMP may be a more accurate assessment of the difficulty of matching a pair in a pool than PMP is, and its use may improve matching algorithms being used to match donors and recipients.
The Fold-in, Fold-out Design for DCE Choice Tasks: Application to Burden of Disease
Authors: Goossens Lucas M. A. , Jonker Marcel F. , Rutten-van Mölken Maureen P. M. H. , Boland Melinde R. S. , Slok Annerika H. M. , Salomé Philippe L. , van Schayck Onno C. P. , in ‘t Veen Johannes C. C. M. , Stolk Elly A. , Donkers Bas ,   on behalf of the research team that developed the ABC tool
Published: May 2019

Background In discrete-choice experiments (DCEs), choice alternatives are described by attributes. The importance of each attribute can be quantified by analyzing respondents’ choices. Estimates are valid only if alternatives are defined comprehensively, but choice tasks can become too difficult for respondents if too many attributes are included. Several solutions for this dilemma have been proposed, but these have practical or theoretical drawbacks and cannot be applied in all settings. The objective of the current article is to demonstrate an alternative solution, the fold-in, fold-out approach (FiFo). We use a motivating example, the ABC Index for burden of disease in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods Under FiFo, all attributes are part of all choice sets, but they are grouped into domains. These are either folded in (all attributes have the same level) or folded out (levels may differ). FiFo was applied to the valuation of the ABC Index, which included 15 attributes. The data were analyzed in Bayesian mixed logit regression, with additional parameters to account for increased complexity in folded-out questionnaires and potential differences in weight due to the folding status of domains. As a comparison, a model without the additional parameters was estimated. Results Folding out domains led to increased choice complexity for respondents. It also gave domains more weight than when it was folded in. The more complex regression model had a better fit to the data than the simpler model. Not accounting for choice complexity in the models resulted in a substantially different ABC Index. Conclusion Using a combination of folded-in and folded-out attributes is a feasible approach for conducting DCEs with many attributes.
Decisional Conflict Scale Use over 20 Years: The Anniversary Review
Authors: Garvelink Mirjam M. , Boland Laura , Klein Krystal , Nguyen Don Vu , Menear Matthew , Bekker Hilary L. , Eden Karen B. , LeBlanc Annie , O’Connor Annette M. , Stacey Dawn , Légaré France
Published: May 2019

Background. The Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS) measures 5 dimensions of decision making (feeling: uncertain, uninformed, unclear about values, unsupported; ineffective decision making). We examined the use of the DCS over its initial 20 years (1995 to 2015). Methods. We conducted a scoping review with backward citation search in Google Analytics/Web of Science/PubMed, followed by keyword searches in Cochrane Library, PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED, PsycINFO, PRO-Quest, and Web of Science. Eligible studies were published between 1995 and March 2015, used an original experimental/observational research design, concerned a health-related decision, and provided DCS data (total/subscales). Author dyads independently screened titles, abstracts, full texts, and extracted data. We performed narrative data synthesis. Results. We included 394 articles. DCS use appeared to increase over time. Three hundred nine studies (76%) used the original DCS, and 29 (7%) used subscales only. Most studies used the DCS to evaluate the impact of decision support interventions ( n = 238, 59%). The DCS was translated into 13 languages. Most decisions were made by people for themselves ( n = 353, 87%), about treatment ( n = 225, 55%), or testing ( n = 91, 23%). The most common decision contexts were oncology ( n = 113, 28%) and primary care ( n = 82, 20%). Conclusions. This is the first study to descriptively synthesize characteristics of DCS data. Use of the DCS as an outcome measure for health decision interventions has increased over its 20-year existence, demonstrating its relevance as a decision-making evaluation measure. Most studies failed to report when decisional conflict was measured during the decision-making process, making scores difficult to interpret. Findings from this study will be used to update the DCS user manual.
Minimally invasive open reduction combined with proximal femoral hollow locking plate in the treatment of Pauwels type III femoral neck fracture
Authors: Wang Gang , Tang Yong , Wang Bin , Yang Huilin
Published: May 2019

Objective

This study was performed to investigate the clinical effects of minimally invasive open reduction and internal fixation with a proximal femoral hollow locking plate on Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures.

Methods

The clinical data of 45 patients aged 32.0 ± 8.1 years (range, 19–45 years) with Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures treated from March 2012 to August 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent anterolateral minimally invasive open reduction and proximal femoral hollow locking plate fixation of the hip joint. Garden’s index was used to evaluate the quality of fracture reduction. Complications and fracture healing were recorded in all patients. At the last follow-up, the functional outcome was recorded using the Harris hip score.

Results

No complications such as femoral neck shortening, internal fixation loosening, or refracture occurred. However, three patients required reoperation (one with nonunion and two with femoral head necrosis). At the last follow-up, the mean Harris hip score was 92.1 ± 4.5 (range, 76–98). The rate of excellent and good Harris hip scores was 93.3%.

Conclusion

The herein-described strategy for Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures is advantageous in terms of high reduction quality, firm fixation, and prevention of neck shortening.
McGrath® videolaryngoscopy in an awake patient with a huge dangling vocal papilloma: a case report
Authors: Min Lee Sung , Lim Hyunyoung
Published: May 2019

A 68-year-old patient with a huge dangling vocal papilloma was admitted for surgical resection. Preoperative data regarding the patient’s mass-related symptoms, endoscopic view, and radiological evaluation indicated that airway management would be difficult. Fiberoptic intubation has been considered an ideal primary approach to managing problematic airways, but blind advancement of the endotracheal tube without a clear, consistent view of the mass presents a significant threat to patient safety. This report describes how safe intubation was accomplished while the patient was awake using laryngeal nerve blocks and a McGrath® videolaryngoscope.
Effects of stereotype content priming on fourth and fifth grade students’ gender-instrument associations and future role choice
Authors: Cooper Patrick K , Burns Christopher
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study was to collect consensual stereotypes about traditional and popular music instruments and roles and to measure the effects of stereotype content priming on gender-role associations with fourth and fifth grade students. In the first experiment with traditional band and orchestra instruments, fifth grade students ( N = 126) perceived every instrument to have a gender and chose instruments that aligned with their sex. Affecting stereotype content by priming students with pictures of both boys and girls playing each instrument had a small effect on gender-instrument associations. In a second experiment with popular music instruments and roles, fourth and fifth grade students ( N = 376) perceived every instrument and role to be prescribed for a particular gender and chose instruments and roles that aligned with their sex. Affecting stereotype content by priming students with pictures of only girls in each role or only boys in each role had large significant effects. In the condition with only pictures of girls, boys appeared to experience stereotype threat while girls appeared to experience stereotype lift. Conclusions are drawn from social role theory as to how classroom stereotype content influences future role choice. Implications are made for thoughtful classroom interventions.
Rent gap formation due to public infrastructure and planning policies: An analysis of Greater Santiago, Chile, 2008–2011
Authors: López-Morales Ernesto , Sanhueza Claudia , Espinoza Sebastián , Ordenes Felipe , Orozco Hernán
Published: May 2019

Land upzoning and state investment in public infrastructure are two of the principal factors that increase the rent gap in the city; however, the scale of their impact remains unknown. This paper presents a novel method of rent gap analysis based on multiple linear regressions with controlled fixed factors, tested for Greater Santiago, Chile. Drawing on an administrative dataset of 36,911 transactions for new apartments sold between 2008 and 2011, along with data regarding the size of each apartment and its commercial sale price—but discounting imputed land and construction costs—it can be seen that state investment in the Metro rapid transit network enlarged the potential ground rent (portion of the rent gap capitalized by developers) by 25.6% over the period. Similarly, each additional floor area ratio point (dictated by district zoning guidelines) increased capitalized ground rent by an average of 6.1%. Meanwhile, the portion capitalized by small-scale private landowners through sale of un-redeveloped land increased by only 5.5% over the same period. These results show the high elasticity of the rent gap, the strong influence of land regulations and state-financed Metro infrastructure on rent gap formation, and the need for discussion of taxation of the capitalized ground rent for redistributive purposes.
A comparative ANSYS-based force analysis of a new horizontal-axis semi-exposed wind turbine
Authors: Seitenov Daniyar , Mir-Nasiri N , Ali Md Hazrat
Published: May 2019

Renewable energy sources are growing fast. Nowadays, much effort has been made by inventors to devise new and more efficient configurations of wind turbines. This article describes the mechanical design and resultant force dynamic simulation of an innovative horizontal-axis semi-exposed wind turbine structure. The innovation in wind turbine structure includes the flat shape of its blades and their orientation towards the wind that minimizes the axial component of wind force on the shaft bearings. As a result, wind power is fully utilized to generate a useful rotary force that drives the generator rotor. This enhances the efficiency of the turbine as compared to complex shape blades in traditional horizontal-axis wind turbines. The distinctive feature of the system is also an oscillating shield that automatically protects the generator shaft from overspeeding at extreme wind speeds and, therefore, from generating power above its nominal capacity. The overspeeding may even cause physical damage to the generator. The force analysis of the new wind generator has been conducted for various wind conditions by using ANSYS Fluent. The results are compared to a traditional three-blade horizontal wind turbine to prove the ability of the new semi-exposed wind turbine to collect more driving torque on the shaft. The results of the simulation show the efficiency of the system and the advantage of using this system with the overspeed shield protection.
The biological clock in cluster headache: A review and hypothesis
Authors: Naber Willemijn C , Fronczek Rolf , Haan Joost , Doesborg Patty , Colwell Christopher S , Ferrari Michel D , Meijer Johanna H
Published: May 2019

Objective

To review and discuss the putative role of light, sleep, and the biological clock in cluster headache.

Discussion

Cluster headache attacks are believed to be modulated in the hypothalamus; moreover, the severe pain and typical autonomic cranial features associated with cluster headache are caused by abnormal activity of the trigeminal-autonomic reflex. The temporal pattern of cluster headache attacks suggests involvement of the biological clock, and the seasonal pattern is influenced by the number of daylight hours. Although sleep is often reported as a trigger for cluster headache attacks, to date no clear correlation has been established between these attacks and sleep stage.

Conclusions

We hypothesize that light, sleep, and the biological clock can change the brain’s state, thereby lowering the threshold for activating the trigeminal-autonomic reflex, resulting in a cluster headache attack. Understanding the mechanisms that contribute to the daily and seasonal fluctuations in cluster headache attacks may provide new therapeutic targets.
Secondary Meniscal Tears in Patients With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: Relationship Among Operative Management, Osteoarthritis, and Arthroplasty at 18-Year Mean Follow-up
Authors: Hagmeijer Michella H. , Hevesi Mario , Desai Vishal S. , Sanders Thomas L. , Camp Christopher L. , Hewett Timothy E. , Stuart Michael J. , Saris Daniel B.F. , Krych Aaron J.
Published: May 2019

Background:

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is one of the most frequent orthopaedic injuries and reasons for time loss in sports and carries significant implications, including posttraumatic osteoarthritis (OA). Instability associated with ACL injury has been linked to the development of secondary meniscal tears (defined as tears that develop after the initial ACL injury). To date, no study has examined secondary meniscal tears after ACL injury and their effect on OA and arthroplasty risk.

Purpose:

To describe the rates and natural history of secondary meniscal tears after ACL injury and to determine the effect of meniscal tear treatment on the development of OA and conversion to total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A geographic database of >500,000 patients was reviewed to identify patients with primary ACL injuries between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 2005. Information was collected with regard to ACL injury treatment, rates/characteristics of the secondary meniscal tears, and outcomes, including development of OA and conversion to TKA. Kaplan-Meier and adjusted multivariate survival analyses were performed to test for the effect of meniscal treatment on survivorship free of OA and TKA.

Results:

Of 1398 primary ACL injuries, the overall rate of secondary meniscal tears was 16%. Significantly lower rates of secondary meniscal tears were noted among patients undergoing acute ACL reconstruction within 6 months (7%) as compared with patients with delayed ACL reconstruction (33%, P < .01) and nonoperative ACL management (19%, P < .01). Of the 235 secondary meniscal tears identified (196 patients), 11.5% underwent repair, 73% partial meniscectomy, and 16% were treated nonoperatively. Tears were most often medial in location (77%) and complex in morphology (56% of medial tears, 54% of lateral tears). At the time of final follow-up, no patient undergoing repair of a secondary meniscal tear (0%) underwent TKA, as opposed to 10.9% undergoing meniscectomy and 6.1% receiving nonoperative treatment ( P = .28).

Conclusion:

Secondary meniscal tears after ACL injury are most common among patients undergoing delayed surgical or nonoperative treatment of their primary ACL injuries. Secondary tears often present as complex tears of the medial meniscus and result in high rates of partial meniscectomy.
Relational process in a learning group
Authors: Billow Richard M
Published: May 2019

I describe my efforts as an invited presenter to connect an ongoing educational group conducted over the Internet. To illuminate relational theory and technique, I had to forget about being an ‘expert’, and help the other participants to forget about their respective roles as students and staff members. Three frames of psychotherapy came into play that spurred group process: CBT, interpersonal-group-analytic, and relational. More important still were the play of personalities and the particular characteristics of the electronic setting, which included sudden blank spaces and frozen and speechless visuals on our screens. In an hour and a half we were able to strike the chords of human existence. Relational matrices prevail, no matter human or Internet provider.
Aluminum hypophosphite and aluminum phenylphosphinate: A comprehensive comparison of chemical interaction during pyrolysis in flame-retarded glass-fiber-reinforced polyamide 6
Authors: Cheng Xi , Wu Jianming , Yao Chenguang , Yang Guisheng
Published: May 2019

This study compared thermal degradation, pyrolysis behavior, and the fire behavior of flame-retarded glass-fiber-reinforced polyamide 6 with aluminum hypophosphite and aluminum phenylphosphinate (BPA-Al), respectively. We sythesize aluminum phenylphosphinate by benzenephosphinic acid (BPA) and AlCl3.6H2O in water. so we call aluminum phenylphosphinate BPA-Al for short. The dependence of limiting oxygen index on phosphorus content was linear for aluminum hypophosphite and BPA-Al. Thermogravimetric analysis proved aluminum hypophosphite was less stable than BPA-Al. Thermogravimetric-Fourier transform infrared tests showed that aluminum hypophosphite system balanced the charring process and the gas releasing well, and that BPA-Al system enhanced the charring process and decreased the gas releasing. Peak heat release rate and total heat release data proved that aluminum hypophosphite system was superior to BPA-Al system in lowering the heat release. Their differences were caused by different P-H (aluminum hypophosphite) and P-phenyl (BPA-Al) structures. P-H structure did better than P-phenyl structure in balancing the condensed phase effect and the gaseous phase action. So P-H structure (aluminum hypophosphite) was more suitable than P-phenyl structure (BPA-Al) in the flame retardancy of glass-fiber-reinforced polyamide 6.
Reading Interventions for Students With or At Risk of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review
Authors: Stewart Alicia A. , Austin Christy R.
Published: May 2019

Empirical evidence suggests inattention and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are related to reading fluency, reading comprehension, and academic failure. Students with ADHD are served in both general and special education settings, but limited research explores effective reading interventions for this population. The purpose of this synthesis is to investigate reading studies for participants identified with or at risk of ADHD. We address the following research question: What are the effects of reading interventions on the reading outcomes of students with or at risk of ADHD in Grades 4 to 12? In total, 16 studies met inclusion criteria. Intervention findings are presented in an attempt to document evidence-based practices. Although findings contribute to the evidence base of instructional practices that may be effective for students with ADHD, no interventions meet criteria outlined by the Council for Exceptional Children to be classified as evidence-based practices. However, studies in this review document evidence of positive intervention effects for study participants.
Counterfactual Thinking Among Victims of Sexual Assault: Relationships With Posttraumatic Stress and Posttraumatic Growth
Authors: Barnett Michael D. , Maciel Idalia V.
Published: May 2019

Counterfactual thinking is thinking of alternatives to events that have already occurred. The purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate the relationships between counterfactual thinking and both posttraumatic stress and posttraumatic growth among undergraduate women who identified as having been sexually assaulted ( N = 199). Participants who identified as sexual assault victims completed measures of posttraumatic stress, posttraumatic growth, and counterfactual thinking online. Upward counterfactual thinking—that is, thinking of preferable alternative outcomes—specific to sexual assault was associated with greater posttraumatic stress and greater posttraumatic growth, while downward counterfactual thinking—that is, thinking how things could have been worse—was associated with lower posttraumatic stress. Women endorsed approximately equal levels of upward and downward counterfactual thinking. The results suggest that the way individuals cognitively process sexual assault may play a role in long-term trauma and recovery.
Social Cognitive Factors as Mediators Between Gender Role Personality and Career Exploration
Authors: Lim Yangmi , Lee Okin
Published: May 2019

The present study identified the relationships between gender role personality and career exploration in female college students, as well as the mediating roles of career decision self-efficacy (CDSE) and self-regulation in the relationships. We used data from 210 Korean female college students. Structural equation modeling revealed the following: Female college students’ femininity was directly related with their career exploration, whereas their masculinity was not. Moreover, while female college students’ CDSE alone mediated the relationship between masculinity and career exploration, female college students’ CDSE and self-regulation mediated the relationship between femininity and career exploration. Specifically, in addition to mediating the relationship between femininity and career exploration directly, female college students’ self-regulation exerted a mediating effect on the relationship between femininity and career exploration through CDSE. Finally, we suggested that the effectiveness of career exploration programs for female students could be improved by considering gender role personality, CDSE, and self-regulation.
The Counter-Revolution’s Long March: The American Right’s Shift from Primitive to Advanced Leninism
Authors: Tuğal Cihan
Published: May 2019

Why is the contemporary Right fascinated by Lenin? Commentators take this infatuation as evidence that the Right has forsaken freedom. By taking Lenin out of context, this argument not only reproduces a wrong reading of history, but misconstrues what the Right learns from its undeclared mentor. Leninism’s crux is neither authoritarianism nor zealotry, but the formulation of a long-term strategy in hostile terrain. Based on conflicting right-wing currents’ texts and actions, I analyze the making of such a strategy. The Right’s advanced Leninism comprises: 1) post-sectarian elimination, incorporation, and disciplining of collaborationists and hardliners; 2) (semi-secretive) cadre-raising; 3) (“hegemonic”) coalition-building; 4) infiltration of institutions; 5) a weakening of the enemy; 6) the creation of a parallel universe of material interests. Nevertheless, authoritarianism, which is a strong tendency of original Leninism, is an ingrained characteristic of right-wing Bolshevism. Only a Gramscian reconstruction of Leninism can restore its emancipatory potential.
Influence of different tool polarity on short electric arc machining of GH4169
Authors: Chen Xiaokang , Zhou Jianping , Wang Kedian , Xu Yan
Published: May 2019

Short electric arc machining is a recently developed high-efficiency electrical discharge machining technology. Material removal rate, tool mass wear ratio ([Formula: see text]), and workpiece surface roughness ( Ra) are important indexes used to evaluate the machining performance of short electric arc machining. In order to obtain better machining effect, the nickel-based superalloy GH4169 is machined by graphite in this article. The influence of voltage, duty cycle, and flushing pressure on short electric arc machining performance is then investigated under different tool polarity conditions. Experimental results show that higher material removal rate and lower [Formula: see text] can be obtained by negative polarity machining, while positive polarity machining can produce better surface quality. To investigate the cause of this difference, the surface integrity of GH4169 machined by different tool polarity is studied from macro and micro perspectives.
The Grateful Don’t Cheat: Gratitude as a Fount of Virtue
Authors: DeSteno David , Duong Fred , Lim Daniel , Kates Shanyu
Published: May 2019

Gratitude has been linked to behaviors involving the exchange of resources; it motivates people to repay debts to benefactors. However, given its links to self-control—itself a necessary factor for repaying debts—the possibility arises that gratitude might enhance other virtues unrelated to exchange that depend on an ability to resist temptation. Here, we examined gratitude’s ability to function as a “parent” virtue by focusing on its ability to reduce cheating. Using real-time behavior-based measures of cheating, we demonstrated that gratitude, as opposed to neutrality and the more general positive emotional state of happiness, reduces cheating in both a controlled laboratory setting ( N = 156) and a more anonymous online setting ( N = 141). This finding suggests that not all moral qualities need to be studied in silos but, rather, that hierarchies exist wherein certain virtues might give rise to seemingly unrelated others.
How amytal changed psychopharmacy: off-label uses of sodium amytal (1920–40)
Authors: Gershon Ariel , Shorter Edward
Published: May 2019

In the early 1930s, American neurologist and psychiatrist William Bleckwenn used sodium amytal to render catatonic patients responsive, so that he could engage in talk therapy. Bleckwenn found a new, ‘off-label’ use for this anaesthetic and anxiolytic medication in psychiatry and, in doing so, allowed for important discoveries in the diagnosis and treatment of catatonia. Pharmacological textbooks reveal a ‘label’, while the Index-Catalogue of the Library of the Surgeon-General’s Office reveals explorations ‘off label’ of barbiturates. The ‘off-label’ use of barbiturates facilitated talk therapy, heralding an important shift in psychopharmacy. Drugs previously only used as chemical restraints became a form of treatment for specific psychiatric diseases. The current strictures against off-label prescribing are overprescriptive and close off innovative new uses.
Disturbance suppression in active magnetic bearings with adaptive control and extended state observer
Authors: Guan Xudong , Zhou Jin , Jin Chaowu , Xu Yuanping
Published: May 2019

Some sources of disturbance inevitably exist in magnetic bearings systems in the process of operation. This article proposes a disturbance suppression scheme for active magnetic bearings systems using an improved characteristic model-based all-coefficient adaptive control algorithm. First, the mathematical model of the magnetic bearing system is established. Then, by introducing the extended state observer into the adaptive control, the adaptive control method is improved. And the simulation of the combined control of the adaptive control and extended state observer is carried out based on mathematical model of controlled object. Simulation results demonstrate that this control method can not only adjust the control parameters online, but also estimate and compensate the disturbance in real time, which improves the control performance of the controller. Finally, the feasibility of adaptive control method with extended state observer is verified by experiments. When the sinusoidal disturbance signal is introduced at the 9000 r/min, the vibration displacement of the magnetic bearing system with the improved adaptive controller is reduced around 43%, which is in accordance with the theoretical results.
Propensity score analysis for correlated subgroup effects
Authors: Liu Shan-Yu , Liu Chunyan , Nehus Eddie , Macaluso Maurizio , Lu Bo , Kim Mi-Ok
Published: May 2019

As individuals may respond differently to treatment, estimating subgroup effects is important to understand the characteristics of individuals who may benefit. Factors that define subgroups may be correlated, complicating evaluation of subgroup effects, especially in observational studies requiring control of confounding variables. We address this problem when propensity score methods are used for confounding control. A common practice is to evaluate candidate subgroup identifiers one at a time without adjusting for other candidate identifiers. We show that this practice can be misleading if the treatment effect modification attributed to a candidate identifier is in truth due to the effect of other correlated true effect modifiers. Whereas jointly analyzing multiple identifiers provides estimates of the desired subgroup effects adjusted for the effects of the other identifiers, it requires the propensity scores to adequately reflect the underlying treatment selection processes and balance the covariates within each subgroup of interest. Satisfying the requirement in practice is hard since the number of strata may increase quickly, while the per stratum sample size may decrease dramatically. A practically helpful approach is utilizing the whole cohort for the propensity score estimation with modeling of interaction terms to reflect the potentially different treatment selection processes across strata. We empirically examine the performance of the whole cohort approach by itself and with subjecting the interaction terms to variable selection. Our results using both simulations and real data analysis suggest that the whole cohort approach should explore inclusion of high-order interactions in the propensity score model to ensure adequate covariate balance across strata, and that variable selection is of limited utility.
Mechanical and thermal behaviour of food waste (Citrus limetta peel) fillers–based novel epoxy composites
Authors: Sharma Hitesh , Singh Inderdeep , Misra Joy Prakash
Published: May 2019

The present research venture focuses on utilization of food and agricultural waste Citrus limetta (musambi) peel by using it as a filler material to develop novel epoxy (EP) composites. Experimental investigation has been performed to analyse the influence of C limetta (musambi) peel particles (CLPP) on mechanical properties (tensile, flexural and impact strength) of the developed composites. Different loadings by weight percentages (0, 5, 10 and 15 wt%) of filler have been used to explain the variation in mechanical properties. Along with effect of different filler percentages, failure characteristics of the prepared samples have also been studied. The results indicate that higher CLPP content in EP matrix has a detrimental effect on mechanical properties of manufactured biocomposites. Thermal characterization was performed to analyse the degradation behaviour and the onset temperature. Morphological analysis of the fractured surfaces was also conducted with the help of a scanning electron microscope. The current experimental investigation has revealed that CLPP can be used as a potential filler for manufacturing biocomposites with applications in general purpose interior fitments in addition to various non-structural components.
A Descriptive Analysis of the Child Protection Histories of Youth and Young Adults Arrested in California
Authors: Eastman Andrea Lane , Foust Regan , Prindle John , Palmer Lindsey , Erlich Justin , Giannella Eric , Putnam-Hornstein Emily
Published: May 2019

In this study, we use population-based linked administrative data to document the full child protective service (CPS) histories of arrested youth and young adults. We extracted records for all individuals aged 24 and under who were arrested in California in 2014 and 2015. These records were probabilistically linked to statewide CPS records dating back to 1998. Overall, 43.4% of those arrested had a history of CPS involvement. Among individuals with uncensored CPS records (born in 1998 or later), 60.2% had past CPS involvement. Findings indicate that youth and young adults booked for a felony offense were more likely to have a history of CPS involvement than those booked for misdemeanors. A multinomial model served to confirm bivariate findings. This study provides further evidence that community concerns of childhood maltreatment were common among criminal justice–involved young adults.
Safety and efficacy of direct oral anticoagulants for venous thromboembolism and stroke prophylaxis in patients with hematologic malignancies
Authors: Kim Stephanie , Namba Jennifer , Goodman Aaron M , Nguyen Thi , Saunders Ila M
Published: May 2019

Purpose

Low-molecular-weight heparins are currently the recommended antithrombotic therapy for treatment and prevention of malignancy-related venous thromboembolism. Currently, the evidence evaluating direct oral anticoagulants versus low-molecular-weight heparins or a vitamin K antagonist in cancer patients with hematologic malignancies is limited. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of direct oral anticoagulants for venous thromboembolism treatment or stroke prevention for non-valvular atrial fibrillation in patients with hematologic malignancies.

Methods

This was a retrospective evaluation of adult patients with hematologic malignancies who received at least one dose of the Food and Drug Administration-approved direct oral anticoagulant for venous thromboembolism treatment or stroke prevention. We determined the frequency of major bleeding events, non-major bleeding events, stroke, systemic embolism, appropriateness of initial direct oral anticoagulant doses, holding practices prior to procedures, and the rate of all-cause mortality. An analysis was also performed to compare the incidence of bleeding between patients with a history of hematopoietic stem cell transplant to non-transplant patients.

Results

A total of 103 patients were identified, with the majority of patients receiving rivaroxaban for venous thromboembolism treatment. Major bleeding events occurred in four patients and no fatal bleeding events occurred. Non-major bleeding occurred in 29 patients, most commonly epistaxis and bruising. Two patients experienced a systemic embolism while on direct oral anticoagulant therapy.

Conclusion

Direct oral anticoagulants may be a safe and effective alternative for anticoagulation therapy in patients with hematologic malignancies. However, larger prospective studies comparing direct oral anticoagulants to low-molecular-weight heparins or vitamin K antagonists are warranted to compare efficacy and safety outcomes in this patient population.
Late onset left ventricular dysfunction and cardiomyopathy induced with ibrutinib
Authors: Gülsaran Sedanur K , Baysal Mehmet , Demirci Ufuk , Baş Volkan , Kirkizlar Hakkı O , Umit Elif , Demir Ahmet M
Published: May 2019

Introduction

Ibrutinib, an oral inhibitor of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase, has altered the treatment perspective of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and showed modest activity against several types of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. According to phase studies and real-world data, reported serious adverse effects included atrial fibrillation, diarrhea, and bleeding diathesis. However, heart failure was not reported to be a probable adverse effect linked with ibrutinib.

Case report

In this paper, we present a 66-year-old female chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient who developed significant and symptomatic left ventricular dysfunction at the 13th month of ibrutinib treatment.

Management and outcome

Following cessation of ibrutinib, ejection fraction and clinical findings of the left ventricular dysfunction alleviated.

Discussion

Although the use of ibrutinib is generally well tolerated, cardiac functions should be monitored occasionally in all patients.
Ecologizing Social Psychology: The Physical Environment as a Necessary Constituent of Social Processes
Authors: Meagher Benjamin R.
Published: May 2019

Recent trends in social psychology point to increased interest in extending current theories by better incorporating the body (e.g., embodied cognition) and the broader interpersonal context (e.g., situations). However, despite being a critical component in early social theorizing, the physical environment remains in large part underdeveloped in most research programs. In this article, I outline an ecological framework for understanding the person–environment relationship. After introducing this perspective, I describe how this approach helps reveal the critical role played by the physical environment in a variety of social processes, including childhood development, interpersonal relationships, and social identity. Finally, I review a topic in environmental psychology that has received little attention among social psychologists: territories. I provide an ecological perspective on how the design, use, and personalization of this type of environment guide and constrain regulatory processes involving social behavior, identity expression, and emotional experience.
Arteriovenous access practices in Australian and New Zealand dialysis units
Authors: Smyth Brendan , Kotwal Sradha , Gallagher Martin , Gray Nicholas A , Polkinghorne Kevan R
Published: May 2019

Background:

The creation and maintenance of dialysis vascular access is associated with significant morbidity. Structured management pathways can reduce this morbidity, yet practice patterns in Australia and New Zealand are not known. We aimed to describe the arteriovenous access practices in dialysis units in Australia and New Zealand.

Methods:

An online survey comprising 51 questions was completed by representatives from dialysis units from both countries. In addition to descriptive analysis, responses were compared between units inside and outside of major cities.

Results:

Of 64 contacted units, 48 (75%) responded (Australia 43, New Zealand 5), representing 38% of dialysis units in Australia and New Zealand. While 94% of units provided pre-dialysis education, only 60% reported a structured pre-dialysis pathway and 69% had a dedicated vascular access nurse. Most units routinely monitored fistula/graft function using flow rate measurement (73%) or recirculation studies (63%). A minority used routine ultrasound (35%). Thrombectomy, fistuloplasty and peritoneal dialysis catheter insertion were rarely performed by nephrologists (4%, 4% and 17% of units, respectively). Units outside of a major city were less likely to have access to a local vascular access surgeon (6/13 (46%) vs 35/35 (100%), P < 0.001). There were no other significant differences between units on the basis of location.

Conclusion:

Much variation exists in unit management of arteriovenous access. Structured pre-dialysis pathways and dedicated vascular access nurses may be underutilised in Australia and New Zealand. The use of regular access blood flow measurement and ultrasound is common in both countries despite a lack of data supporting its effectiveness. There is room for both practice improvement and a need for further evidence to ensure optimal arteriovenous access care.
Concurrent Opioid and Alcohol Use Among Women Who Become Pregnant: Historical, Current, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Klaman Stacey L , Andringa Kim , Horton Evette , Jones Hendrée E
Published: May 2019

The numbers of women using opioids who become pregnant have captured the attention of media, research, policy, and community. At the same time, there is an ever-growing use of alcohol among women who continue drinking during pregnancy that has received less focus. Although both untreated opioid use disorder and alcohol misuse pose risks for maternal, fetal, and child morbidities, alcohol is the substance with the most significant documentation of harms. As we focus on the opioid epidemic in the United States, it is critical that we do not overlook alcohol use during pregnancy. Both opioid use and alcohol use during pregnancy are important public health challenges and often happen concurrently. Thus, this commentary aims to (1) highlight the historical and current context of opioid and alcohol use during pregnancy; (2) summarize the current knowledge of opioids and alcohol use during pregnancy; and (3) detail future directions in how health care providers can help identify and therapeutically respond to women with concurrent opioid and alcohol use disorder.
Dissecting Static and Dynamic Functional Connectivity: Example From the Autism Spectrum
Authors: White Tonya , Calhoun Vince D.
Published: May 2019

The ability to measure the intrinsic functional architecture of the brain has grown exponentially over the last 2 decades. Measures of intrinsic connectivity within the brain, typically measured using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have evolved from primarily “static” approaches, to include dynamic measures of functional connectivity. Measures of dynamic functional connectivity expand the assumptions to allow brain regions to have temporally different patterns of communication between different regions. That is, connections within the brain can differentially fire between different regions at different times, and these differences can be quantified. Applying approaches that measure the dynamic characteristics of functional brain connectivity have been fruitful in identifying differences during brain development and psychopathology. We provide a brief overview of static and dynamic measures of functional connectivity and illustrate the synergy in applying these approaches to identify both age-related differences in children and differences between typically developing children and children with autistic symptoms.
An Exploration Into Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs Towards Risky Health Behaviours in a Paediatric Cystic Fibrosis Population
Authors: Keyte Rebecca , Egan Helen , Mantzios Michail
Published: May 2019

Risky behaviours are prevalent within the cystic fibrosis (CF) population; however, there is a lack of research which has investigated risky behaviour engagement among adolescents with CF, with reasons for initiation currently being unknown, as no qualitative studies have been conducted. This research therefore examines knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs towards risky behaviours at an age commonly associated with initiation. Ten paediatric participants were recruited. Thematic analysis illustrated several psychological factors associated with risky behaviours. A desire for normalcy was evident, with this been associated with a desire to engage in normalised risky behaviours. Evidence of a life-orientated illness perspective was also prevalent, with participants believing that many individuals engage in risky behaviours for fun. Overall, there was a reported lack of knowledge on consequences of risky behaviours, with many participants not being informed of these by health care professionals (HCPs). This research provides insight into an area of CF paediatric care which could be improved on, with the provision of awareness regarding risky behaviours not being embedded within paediatric CF care. Consequently, this research demonstrates the need for interventions to be integrated into paediatric CF care for the prevention and reduction of risky behaviours.