bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anatomy of the antennal dorsal organ in female ofNeodryinus typhlocybae(Hymenoptera:Dryinidae): A peculiar sensory structure possibly involved in perception of host vibration
Authors: Riolo Paola , Isidoro Nunzio , Ruschioni Sara , Minuz Roxana L. , Bin Ferdinando , Romani Roberto
Published: October 2015

Neodryinus typhlocybae(Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) is a natural enemy of the planthopperMetcalfa pruinosa, which was introduced from North America into Europe and has become established in various regions as a pest species. Vibrational signals play a crucial role in the communication ofM.pruinosa, which appears to be exploited byN.typhlocybae. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy have shown that the antennae ofN.typhlocybaefemales have peculiar and complex sensory structures: deep longitudinal grooves that house long sensilla trichodea, termed here “Antennal Dorsal Organs.” Such structures were not present on male antennae. These sensilla extend for the length of the grooves, without contact with the groove cuticle. Their hair shaft is empty and aporous, and inserted into a specialized socket, underneath which there is a cuticular ampulla‐like chamber. Each sensillum is associated with two sensory neurons: one terminates at the proximal end of the dendritic sheath; the other continues into the sensillum sinus and is enclosed in the dendritic sheath. This second sensory neuron then enters the ampulla‐like chamber through the circular opening, and then terminates with a conspicuous tubular body at the shaft base. The possible involvement of this peculiar structure in the context of host recognition mechanism is discussed. J. Morphol. 277:128–137, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The use of human sewage screening for community surveillance of hepatitis E virus in the UK
Authors: Smith Donald B. , Paddy Julius O. , Simmonds Peter
Published: October 2015

Hepatitis E virus sequences were detected by RT‐PCR in 14/15 (93%) of untreated sewage samples from Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. Phylogenetic analysis of amplicons at limiting dilution revealed the co‐circulation of multiple variants of HEV‐3, with a pattern of diversity matching that observed in a local cohort of HEV‐infected hepatitis patients. J. Med. Virol. 88:915–918, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Medical Virology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Levorotatory carbohydrates and xylitol subdue Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans adhesion and biofilm formation
Authors: Brambilla Eugenio , Ionescu Andrei C. , Cazzaniga Gloria , Ottobelli Marco , Samaranayake Lakshman P.
Published: October 2015

Dietary carbohydrates and polyols affect the microbial colonization of oral surfaces by modulating adhesion and biofilm formation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a select group of l‐carbohydrates and polyols on either Streptococcus mutans or Candida albicans adhesion and biofilm formation in vitro. S. mutans or C. albicans suspensions were inoculated on polystyrene substrata in the presence of Tryptic soy broth containing 5% of the following compounds: d‐glucose, d‐mannose, l‐glucose, l‐mannose, d‐ and l‐glucose (raceme), d‐ and l‐mannose (raceme), l‐glucose and l‐mannose, sorbitol, mannitol, and xylitol. Microbial adhesion (2 h) and biofilm formation (24 h) were evaluated using MTT‐test and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Xylitol and l‐carbohydrates induced the lowest adhesion and biofilm formation in both the tested species, while sorbitol and mannitol did not promote C. albicans biofilm formation. Higher adhesion and biofilm formation was noted in both organisms in the presence of d‐carbohydrates relative to their l‐carbohydrate counterparts. These results elucidate, hitherto undescribed, interactions of the individually tested strains with l‐ and d‐carbohydrates, and how they impact fungal and bacterial colonization. In translational terms, our data raise the possibility of using l‐form of carbohydrates and xylitol for dietary control of oral plaque biofilms.
Analytical fingerprint and chemometrics as phytochemical composition control tools in food supplement analysis: characterization of raspberry bud preparations of different cultivars
Authors: Donno Dario , Beccaro Gabriele L , Carlen Christoph , Ançay André , Cerutti Alessandro K , Mellano Maria Gabriella , Bounous Giancarlo
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND

The raspberry, Rubus idaeus L., provides several plant parts (as buds) used for food supplements. The aim of this research was to establish a technique for chemical composition control of R. idaeus herbal preparations, using chromatographic methods. These methods allowed us to identify and quantify the main phytochemicals, obtaining a specific phytochemical fingerprint (phytocomplex). Combined with two different chemometric methods – clustering analysis and principal component analysis – the raspberry bud extracts of the different cultivars were efficiently characterized.

RESULTS

Rubus idaeus buds were identified as a rich source of anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant compounds: organic acids, vitamins and catechins were found to be the most discriminating variables by chemometric techniques to differentiate raspberry cultivars. In particular, catechins (13.25%) and flavonols (8.71%) were the most important polyphenolic classes, followed by cinnamic and benzoic acids.

CONCLUSION

This study developed a useful tool for R. idaeus extract phytochemical characterization that could be applied also for differentiation and composition control of other herbal preparations. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Microenvironment Effects on the Kinetics of the Alkaline Hydrolysis of Bispyridinium Conformers
Authors: Vanzin Douglas , Fiori Simone , França Biondo Polyana B. , Feltrim Gisele , Gracetto Augusto C. , Tessaro André L. , Politi Mario José , Caetano Wilker , Hioka Noboru
Published: October 2015

The alkaline hydrolysis of a series of homologous reactants constituted by two reactive centers bridged by a methylene spacers chain, the 1,n‐bis(2‐azidepyridinium)alkanes (n = 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8), is investigated. The reaction under pseudo–first‐order condition was followed by ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry. The presence of clear isosbestic point suggests the absence of stable intermediates. However, the intermediates 1‐(2‐azidepyridinium), n‐(2‐pyridone)alkanes (monocationic compounds), were isolated and characterized as well the reaction end products 1,n‐(2‐pyridone)alkanes (noncharged compounds). The kinetic analysis fitted to a two‐step consecutive reaction, where the k1/k2 values demonstrate the larger reactivity of the first step over the second one, especially for shorter bridged reactants. The OH− reaction order is one for each step. Although Debye–Hückel law was obeyed, the experimental point at ionic strength zero is much higher than the extrapolated one. In addition, the k1 values substantially decrease as KCl is added especially for shorter homologous whereas the effect on k2 is almost negligible. Simple charge density effects as a function of the spacer's length do not explain the observations. On the other hand, from the pronounced anion selectivity inhibition effects on k1 for the shorter derivatives, the existence of an equilibrium involving a conformer, a “sandwich‐type” complex with the OH− between the two pyridinium rings, with an “open‐stretched” conformer is proposed. For short‐bridged reactants, the complex conformer prevails whereas for long‐bridged compounds the stretched structure prevails. The results in acetonitrile/water seem to reflect changes in the equilibrium. The reaction is controlled by the balance between enthalpy and entropy. The contribution of the activation entropy in a short‐bridged reactant is higher than the long‐bridged one, which suggests an activated complex with high structural organization in the first reactants.
Simple methods for interactive 3D modeling, measurements, and digital databases of coral skeletons
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Heredia L. , D'Helft C. , Reynaud E. G.
Published: October 2015

Coral studies rely on comparative research between several reference coral skeletons and living organisms imaged on reefs. However, many of these skeletons are part of collections, making extensive comparative works difficult. Nowadays, imaging technologies and image processing approaches allow acquisition of three‐dimensional (3D) datasets that can be converted to virtual models. These models can be made easily accessible and shared among collaborators or researchers using the Internet. Here, we compare high cost and low cost technologies on coral skeletons as well as imaging phantoms for accurate reference. We generated 3D models that were compared. Even though CT scanning and photogrammetry are the most accurate methods the latter is far less costly. It also allows for texture mapping, an essential tool in the field, and easy dataset handling. We submitted these 3D virtual models to experts for taxonomical identification, and they identified all specimens accurately. Finally, we further discuss applicability of our approach on museum collections, living corals, and field work.
THE MCCANN CONVERSATION PRINCIPLES
Authors: McCann Jim
Published: October 2015

Strong leadership is all about good conversations, McCann contends. Pairing conversation and leadership results in magic. He relates his experience of conversation‐based leadership in his entrepreneurial career as CEO of 1–800–Flowers.com, explaining ten principles around such areas as conversing across hierarchies, conversing for intimacy rather than efficiency, and conversing to learn. Conversation is crucial for engaging with the community around your business. Above all, conversation is a requirement for almost any worthwhile endeavor; it is the “start of any relationship, be it business or personal. The moment of connection brings aspirations to the surface and creates social intimacy.”
Effect of thermal oxidation on the corrosion resistance of Ti6Al4V alloy in hydrochloric and nitric acid medium
Authors: Jamesh M. , Kumar Satendra , Narayanan T. S. N. Sankara , Chu P. K.
Published: October 2015

The characteristics of Ti6Al4V alloy subjected to thermal oxidation in air atmosphere at 650 °C for 48 h and its corrosion behavior in 0.1 and 4 M HCl and HNO3 medium are addressed. When compared to the naturally formed oxide layer (∼4–6 nm), a relatively thicker oxide scale (∼7 µm) is formed throughout the surface of Ti6Al4V alloy after thermal oxidation. XRD pattern disclose the formation of the rutile and oxygen‐diffused titanium as the predominant phases. A significant improvement in the hardness (from 324 ± 8 to 985 ± 40 HV0.25) is observed due to the formation of hard oxide layer on the surface followed by the presence of an oxygen diffusion zone beneath it. Electrochemical studies reveal that the thermally oxidized Ti6Al4V alloy offers a better corrosion resistance than its untreated counterpart in both HCl and HNO3 medium. The uniform surface coverage, compactness and thickness of the oxide layer provide an effective barrier towards corrosion of the Ti6Al4V alloy. The study concludes that thermal oxidation is an effective approach to engineer the surface of Ti6Al4V alloy to increase its corrosion resistance in HCl and HNO3 medium.
Design for inspection of concrete bridges
Authors: Vogel T. , Schellenberg K.
Published: October 2015

In order to achieve durable concrete bridges, adequate measures need to be considered already in the design phase. An evaluation of common deteriorations in concrete structures leads to the conclusion that visual inspection is and will remain the method to be applied first. More refined and complementing methods will result in similar requirements for design. Therefore, the role of inspections in bridge management has to be identified and future methods of inspection and condition survey have to be anticipated. The main focus is a safe and convenient access to all concrete surfaces, hollow boxes, and decisive structural parts like bearings and expansion joints. Some of those measures are even worth to be considered for existing bridges when these are significantly modified due to bad conditions or new requirements.
On‐site corrosion rate measurements: 3D simulation and representative values
Authors: Andrade C. , Sanchez J. , Fullea J. , Rebolledo N. , Tavares F.
Published: October 2015

The corrosion of reinforcement can be detected and its evolution quantified through the polarization resistance, Rp, which enables to calculate the instantaneous corrosion rate. In large structures, the determination of the Rp method uses a small counter electrode and the current applied attenuates with the distance, which makes unknown the area polarized. Two main solutions have been applied to overcome this limitation: to use a guard ring (GR) to confine the current to a prefixed area or to measure the bar length polarized by the current. In present work, a 3D numerical simulation is presented using the program COMSOL Multiphysics. Three cases are studied: no confinement, non‐modulated confinement, and modulated confinement of the current. In the results, it is illustrated that only when the GR is correctly modulated, the correct homogeneous distribution is achieved and the critical length is well confined in the area below the circle passing underneath the “confinement controller electrodes”. In a second part, the paper presented the manner to obtain an annual representative value of the corrosion rate through the integration of the instantaneous Icorr values.
Role of the interface oxide film/alloy composition and stability of stainless steels
Authors: Rossi A. , Elsener B.
Published: October 2015

X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), a powerful method for investigating composition and thickness of thin films in the nanometer range, has been used to characterize the surface of two stainless steels with different bulk composition, DIN 1.4301 (18%Cr 8%Ni) and DIN 1.4529 (20%Cr 25%Ni 6%Mo) after mechanical polishing and after potentiostatic passivation in a wide range of potentials in sulfate solutions at different pHs. The XPS results confirm that the passive film thickness increases with applied potential, its composition is enriched in chromium oxy‐hydroxide after immersion in acidic solutions and polarization at low potentials whereas oxidized nickel is depleted. Special emphasis is given in this paper to the composition of the metal phase underneath the passive film. It is shown that the composition of the interface is strongly enriched in nickel for both stainless steels being 28 ± 2 wt% Ni versus a value of 8% in the bulk and 45 ± 2 wt% versus 25 wt%Ni in the bulk, respectively. The composition of the interface for a given alloy remains unchanged in a wide range of conditions of passive film formation such as pH, applied potential, passivation time. These results are discussed with respect to the influence of the interface composition on the corrosion rate of alloys in the passive state and on their pitting resistance.
Consumption‐Focused Self‐Expression Word of Mouth: A New Scale and Its Role in Consumer Research
Authors: Saenger Christina , Thomas Veronica L. , Johnson Jennifer Wiggins
Published: October 2015

This research represents the first systematic empirical examination of the motivation to spread word of mouth about consumption activities in order to self‐express, a phenomenon that has been observed in both the academic literature and the popular press. Consumption‐focused self‐expression is a motivation to engage in word‐of‐mouth communication that is distinct from other word‐of‐mouth motivations that have been discussed in the literature. This work defines consumption‐focused self‐expression word of mouth as communication about one's consumption activities for the purpose of expressing one's self‐concept and attracting attention to oneself. A scale to measure consumption‐focused self‐expression word of mouth is developed and shown to exhibit a consistent scale structure, acceptable reliability, and convergent, discriminant, nomological, and predictive validity. Scores on the consumption‐focused self‐expression word‐of‐mouth scale are shown to predict differences in the quantity and nature of consumers’ actual word‐of‐mouth communications via the social networking Web site Facebook.
The Role of Product‐Premium Fit in Determining the Effectiveness of Hedonic and Utilitarian Premiums
Authors: Palazon Mariola , Delgado‐Ballester Elena
Published: October 2015

This research explores how the effectiveness of hedonic and utilitarian premiums is contingent with the degree of product‐premium fit. It is proposed that the effectiveness of utilitarian/hedonic premiums is higher at a high/low degree of fit between the premium and the focal product. Specifically, a series of three experimental studies were conducted. Consistent with expectations, Study 1 found that at high product‐premium fit utilitarian premiums were preferred over hedonic ones, while Study 2 revealed that hedonic ones were preferred at a low‐fit condition. To further validate these preliminary results, Study 3 developed a full factorial experimental design wherein the interaction effect between the nature of the premium and product‐premium fit on consumers’ liking, purchase intention and positive word‐of‐mouth was evaluated. This study confirmed the existence of a significant interaction effect and the direction of the simple effects was consistent with findings from Studies 1 and 2. However, the differences were only significant at a low‐fit condition.
Mixed Hybrid Lipid/Polymer Vesicles as a Novel Membrane Platform
Authors: Schulz Matthias , Binder Wolfgang H.
Published: October 2015

Vesicles can be individually fabricated from naturally occurring lipid or synthetic block copolymer molecules via self‐assembly in aqueous solutions; the blending of both vesicle‐forming amphiphiles leads to the formation of hybrid membranes. Their final stabilities and lateral morphologies are strongly determined by the molar composition, size, and charge properties of the interacting components as well as by the lipid chain melting temperature. Upon merging the best properties of lipo‐ and polymersomal membranes, hybrid lipid/polymer vesicles represent a new scaffold for medical applications combining, e.g., combining the biocompatibility of liposomes with the high thermal and mechanical stability and functional variability of polymersomes within a single vesicle type. Up to now, several hybrid membrane systems and their corresponding vesicular morphologies have been studied, highlighting the attractive properties and features useful in selective delivery receptor scaffolding.

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c‐Met‐mediated reactivation of PI3K/AKT signaling contributes to insensitivity of BRAF(V600E) mutant thyroid cancer to BRAF inhibition
Authors: Byeon Hyung Kwon , Na Hwi Jung , Yang Yeon Ju , Kwon Hyeong Ju , Chang Jae Won , Ban Myung Jin , Kim Won Shik , Shin Dong Yeob , Lee Eun Jig , Koh Yoon Woo , Yoon Joo‐Heon , Choi Eun Chang
Published: October 2015

BRAF (V600E) mutation is the most commonly detected genetic alteration in thyroid cancer. Unlike its high treatment response to selective BRAF inhibitor (PLX4032) in metastatic melanoma, the treatment response in thyroid cancer is reported to be low. The purpose of this study is to investigate the resistance mechanism responsible for this low treatment response to BRAF inhibitor in order to maximize the effect of targeted therapy. We examined the expression of feedback regulation mechanisms and alterations in the upper signal transduction pathway in thyroid cancer cell lines harboring BRAF mutation. Also, we investigated the effect of dual inhibition from combinatorial therapy. Two thyroid cancer cell lines, 8505C (anaplastic thyroid cancer) and BCPAP (papillary thyroid cancer) were selected and treated with PLX4032 and its drug sensitivity were examined and compared. Further investigation on the changes in signals responsible for the different treatment response to PLX4032 was carried out and the same experiment was performed on orthotopic xenograft mouse models. Unlike BCPAP cells, 8505C cells presented drug resistance to PLX4032 treatment and this was mainly due to increased expression of c‐Met. Effective inhibitions of c‐Met, p‐AKT, and p‐ERK were achieved after dual treatment with BRAF inhibitor (PLX4032) and c‐Met inhibitor (PHA665752). Similar results were confirmed by in vivo study with orthotopic xenograft mouse model. c‐Met‐mediated reactivation of the PI3K/AKT pathway and MAPK pathway contributes to the relative insensitivity of BRAF (V600E) mutant anaplastic thyroid cancer cells to PLX4032. Dual inhibition of BRAF and c‐Met leads to sustained treatment response. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Apomorphine: A potential modifier of amyloid deposition in Parkinson's disease?
Authors: Yarnall Alison J. , Lashley Tammaryn , Ling Helen , Lees Andrew J. , Coleman Shirley Y. , O'Sullivan Sean S. , Compta Yaroslau , Revesz Tamas , Burn David J.
Published: October 2015

Introduction

Evidence from clinical and pathological studies suggests a role for both alpha‐synuclein and amyloid‐beta in the pathophysiology of dementia associated with PD. Recent work demonstrated improvement in memory and reduced amyloid‐beta burden in transgenic murine Alzheimer's models given subcutaneous apomorphine. The aim of this work was to determine whether antemortem exposure to apomorphine was associated with lower levels of amyloid‐beta in brain tissue in a clinicopathological study of PD.

Methods

The case notes of donors with pathologically proven PD who had (n = 36) and had not received apomorphine (n = 35) during life for motor complications were reviewed to determine presence or absence of cognitive impairment. The four groups were well matched for disease duration, age at death, sex, and apolipoprotein E4 genotype. The severity of amyloid‐beta mature/diffuse plaque load, tau pathology, and alpha‐synuclein pathology were all established. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy was determined based on a four‐tier grading system.

Results

Within the cognitively normal cases, significantly reduced amyloid‐beta deposition was present in those with antemortem apomorphine exposure; this finding was not replicated in those with cognitive impairment plus previous apomorphine use. In the apomorphine cognitively normal group only, a significant negative association was observed between maximum apomorphine dose received and amyloid‐beta burden. Early and maximum doses of apomorphine plus apolipoprotein genotype and sex were significant predictors of total plaque load in an explanatory model.

Conclusion

This exploratory study suggests that apomorphine may have a modifying effect on amyloid deposition in nondemented PD cases and thus may represent a potential therapy to reduce cognitive impairment in PD. © 2015 Movement Disorder Society
Global precipitation measurement
Authors: Kidd Chris , Huffman George
Published: October 2015

The quantification of precipitation on a global scale is critical for applications ranging from climate monitoring to water resource management. Conventional observations through surface gauge networks provide the most direct measure of precipitation, although these are very much limited to land areas, with very few in situ measurements over the oceans. Weather radars, although providing a spatial measure of precipitation, are limited in extent and number. Satellite observations offer an unrivalled vantage point to observe precipitation on a global basis. Since precipitation is spatially and temporally highly variable, satellites are able to provide temporal and spatial samples commensurate with many precipitation characteristics. This paper provides an overall review of global precipitation estimation, providing an outline of conventional measurements, the basis of the satellite systems used in the observation of precipitation, and the generation, availability and validation of the derived precipitation products. Finally, future satellite precipitation missions are presented. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Lidar studies of the polar troposphere
Authors: Nott Graeme J. , Duck Thomas J.
Published: October 2015

The lidar is a widely‐used remote sensing tool for measurements of tropospheric constituents and processes. Despite considerable operational challenges, lidars have been deployed in the polar regions to study the unique characteristics of the high‐latitude atmosphere. The relevant technologies and techniques used for profiling the polar troposphere are reviewed. Lidars and their measurements are described, from the first single‐wavelength lidar aircraft campaign to today's multiple‐wavelength, multiple‐data product systems and satellite‐borne lidars providing large‐area polar coverage. Significant advancements in our understanding of tropospheric aerosols, clouds, structure, and trace gases in both the Antarctic and Arctic have been made possible through the use of lidars and these will be discussed. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
On the hyperbolicity of certain models of polydisperse sedimentation
Authors: Bürger Raimund , Donat Rosa , Mulet Pep , Vega Carlos A.
Published: October 2015

The sedimentation of a polydisperse suspension of small spherical particles dispersed in a viscous fluid, where particles belong to N species differing in size, can be described by a strongly coupled system of N scalar, nonlinear first‐order conservation laws for the evolution of the volume fractions. The hyperbolicity of this system is a property of theoretical importance because it limits the range of validity of the model and is of practical interest for the implementation of numerical methods. The present work, which extends the results of R. Bürger, R. Donat, P. Mulet, and C.A. Vega (SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics 2010; 70:2186–2213), is focused on the fluxes corresponding to the models by Batchelor and Wen, Höfler and Schwarzer, and Davis and Gecol, for which the Jacobian of the flux is a rank‐3 or rank‐4 perturbation of a diagonal matrix. Explicit estimates of the regions of hyperbolicity of these models are derived via the approach of the so‐called secular equation (J. Anderson. Linear Algebra and Applications 1996; 246:49–70), which identifies the eigenvalues of the Jacobian with the poles of a particular rational function. Hyperbolicity of the system is guaranteed if the coefficients of this function have the same sign. Sufficient conditions for this condition to be satisfied are established for each of the models considered. Some numerical examples are presented. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Active polarization control for quantum communication in long‐distance optical fibers with shared telecom traffic
Authors: Xavier G. B. , de Faria G. Vilela , da Silva T. Ferreira , Temporão G. P. , von der Weid J. P.
Published: October 2015

We experimentally demonstrate the compatibility of wavelength multiplexed active polarization stabilization for quantum communication in an optical fiber carrying telecom traffic. One of the feedback control channels contains a 9.953 Gb/s datastream generated from a BER meter. We verify the ability to transmit single‐photons in the two opposite directions of a 23‐km optical fiber spool, while maintaining their state of polarization stable and a classical BER in the feedback channel error‐free, during 6 h of continuous operation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2661–2665, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop26320
Induced aberrations by combinative convex/concave interfaces of refractive‐index‐mismatch and capability of adaptive optics correction
Authors: Fuh Yiin Kuen , Hsu Kuo Chan , Fan Jia Ren , Lin Ming Xien
Published: October 2015

Adjustable fluidic adaptive lenses have been extensively studied because of the advantage of changing the geometric shape or refractive index without any mechanical moving parts. However, the induced aberrations were rarely discussed before. We address this issue by first clarifying the aberrations experimentally due to injected fluidic volumes. Experimental results show that under the injected fluidic volume of 0.1 ml, the main aberrations come from Z1 (piston), Z2 (tip), and Z5 (defocus) and Zernike coefficients are 0.97, 0.31, and 1.31 μm, respectively. In what follows, a series of tests specifically designed to explore the convex/concave interfaces and refractive‐index‐mismatch (RIM). Furthermore, we demonstrate the capability of adaptive optics (AO) correction on aberrations induced by combinative effects of multiple layers with convex/concave interfaces and RIM. A microelectro‐mechanical system (MEMS) deformable mirror (DM) with 140 actuators was used in conjunction with Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor to realize the experimentation. In particular, we consider the aberration introduced by interfaces of RIM between water/oil and glass. After AO correction, we can improve wavefront with root mean square (RMS) of 2.17–0.17 μm for an interface between water and glass. As for the interface between oil and glass, we are capable of improving RMS of 0.24–0.10 μm. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2610–2615, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26323
Near field study of output beam of a fiber‐to‐fiber design
Authors: Golnabi H.
Published: October 2015

Intensity profiles for the single and fiber‐to‐fiber designs are described.Profiles for different arrangements using the red light LED and LED laser are compared. The near field output distribution bandwidths are compared and there is a close relation between the bandwidth and the source light, fiber size, and the fiber gap separation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2572–2575, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26325
Hybrid transistor manipulation controlled by light
Authors: Suwanpayak Nathaporn , Teeka Chat , Yupapin Preecha P.
Published: October 2015

In this article, the novel type of transistor known as a hybrid transistor is proposed, in which all types of transistors can be formed by using a microring resonator called a PANDA microring resonator.In principle, such a transistor can be used to form for various transistor types by using the atom/molecule trapping tools, which is named by an optical tweezer, where, in application, all type of transistors, especially, molecule and photon transistors can be performed by using the trapping tools, which will be described in details. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2533–2537, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26326
Compact coplanar waveguide‐fed monopole antenna with a folded ground strip for 5‐GHz wireless applications
Authors: Sim Chow‐Yen‐Desmond , Ho Chung‐Hsien , Chien Yu‐Lun
Published: October 2015

The design of a compact coplanar waveguide‐fed monopole antenna partially surrounded and coupled by a folded ground strip is presented. By properly tuning the gap between the monopole antenna and the ground strip, it is able to operate in the 5‐GHz band for wireless application. From the experimental results, a resonant mode excited at around 5.5 GHz is observed with 10‐dB bandwidth measured from 4.88 to 6.3 GHz. Good radiation patterns with near omnidirectional pattern in the azimuth plane are also observed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26330
Highly integrated three‐dimensional synthetic transmission line design on silicon substrate
Authors: Chiang Meng‐Ju
Published: October 2015

This letter presents a highly integrated three‐dimensional synthetic quasi‐TEM transmission line (TL) design with high slow‐wave factor (SWF).By following the summarized design guidelines, the prototype provides a high flexibility to adjust the structural parameters of the TL for synthesizing the desired guiding properties. Two typical examples of the 35‐ and 70‐Ω synthetic TLs based on the standard 0.18‐μm 1P6M CMOS technology reveal that the SWFs achieve 2.90 and 2.78 at 20.0 GHz, respectively, indicating the increases of 45.0 and 39.0% over than theoretical limit of the quasi‐TEM TL. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2604–2607, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26337
Fabrication and characteristics of phase‐shifted beat gratings induced by CO2 laser
Authors: Fan Yan‐en , Zhu Tao , Shi Leilei , Rao Yun‐Jiang
Published: October 2015

We propose and investigate a phase‐shifted long‐period fiber grating (LPFG) written by CO2 laser in twisted single‐mode fibers (SMFs).For the beating effect, two peaks of LPFG derived from phase‐shift further split into two peaks, respectively. The evolution and characterization of the transmission spectra were investigated. The channel spacing of the phase‐shifted LPFGs written in twisted Er‐doped fiber could be much narrower than that of which written in twisted normal SMF. Polarization dependent loss of the phase‐shifted beat‐gratings is less than 0.6 dB. This type of gratings provides potential applications in optical communication systems, such as course wavelength division multiplexing devices. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2526–2530, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26340
Liquid foam dielectrics for high frequency integratable antennas
Authors: Elmezughi Abdurrezagh S. , Rowe Wayne S. T.
Published: October 2015

An innovative fabrication technique to create nominal height liquid foam substrate layer for integratable antennas is introduced.The liquid foam layer is intended to replace a Rohacell foam or air substrate, especially at millimeter‐wave frequencies, where antenna designs require substrate layers less than a millimeter thick. The performance of hi‐lo stacked patch antenna with 0.5‐mm‐thick layer of ECCOSTOCK FPH is presented. The 10‐dB return loss bandwidth of the antenna is 18.2%, and the radiation patterns and gain are also presented and discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2453–2456, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26345
Novel MMIC architectures of wideband microwave active filters for frequency tuning and bandwidth multiplexing
Authors: Bergeras François , Duême Philippe , Plaze Jean‐Philippe , Darcel Laurence , Jarry Bernard , Campovecchio Michel
Published: October 2015

This article reports on novel architectures for designing tunable microwave active bandpass filters in monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) technology.The first two MMICs illustrate a specific synthesis method of microwave active bandpass filters and its extension to the frequency tunability, both were designed using the UMS PH25 process (UMS foundry; 0.25 μm GaAs p‐type high electron mobility transistor (pHEMT)). The third MMIC chip, designed using the OMMIC ED02AH process (OMMIC foundry; 0.2 μm GaAs pHEMT), illustrates a new application of the previous synthesis method, and concerns the design of an active filter allowing bandwidth multiplexing. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2680–2689, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26347
Dual‐band bandpass filter using dual‐mode resonators
Authors: Lee Jahyeon , Lim Yeongseog
Published: October 2015

A compact microstrip dual‐band bandpass filter (DBBPF) with controllable bandwidth for each passband is proposed. Each passband is independently designed using two different dual‐mode resonators. The proposed DBBPF has three transmission zeros. Two transmission zeros are generated by each dual‐mode resonator. An additional transmission zero is generated by input/output port coupling. The DBBPF application is designed for 2.4/5.7 GHz WLAN. Experimental measurements are presented to validate the theory. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2515–2517, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26355
Flicker noise reduction in RF CMOS mixer using differential active inductor
Authors: Abdelghany M. A. , Pokharel R. K. , Kanaya H. , Yoshida K.
Published: October 2015

This article presents a low flicker noise (1/f), double‐balanced Gilbert‐cell mixer. As the down converted base‐band signal is strongly affected by the low‐frequency flicker noise, resulting in mixer signal‐noise ratio (SNR) degradation, a dynamic current injection technique has been used to reduce the flicker noise corner frequency. Differential active inductor has been used to tune the tail capacitance at the node between the local oscillator (LO) switches and the radio frequency (RF) transconductance stages, resulting in reduction of RF leakage. RF and LO leakage has been minimized by adding an on‐chip low‐pass filter to the mixer output. The mixer has been designed and fabricated using Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacture Company (TSMC) 0.18‐μm 1P6M complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor FET (CMOS) process. The performance of the fully integrated mixer is given. With RF of 2.4 GHz, intermediate frequency of 10 MHz and LO power of −5 dBm, conversion gain of 12 dB, input third order intercept point (IIP3) of −5.5 dBm, and single‐side band noise (SSB‐NF) figure of 15 dB with flicker noise corner frequency of 300 KHz had been measured. The mixer consumes 19.8 mW from 1.8 V supply. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2553–2556, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26366
A 180° Tunable Analog Phase Shifter Based on a Single All‐Pass Unit Cell
Authors: Khoder K. , Pérennec A. , Le Roy M.
Published: October 2015

This article describes an analog phase shifter able to provide a continuously tunable phase shift up to 180° by using a single all‐pass unit cell. The proposed topology is compact and easy to implement, and brings an interesting compromise between phase variation, insertion and return losses. Indeed, for a 7.5:1 tuning ratio of varactor capacitance, a phase shift variation of more than 186° is obtained from 6 to 7 GHz with a maximum insertion loss of 1.8 dB. The 105°/dB resulting Figure‐of‐Merit is thus among the best in distributed approaches with varactors. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2915–2918, 2013
A Novel Design of 5.5/7.5 ghz Dual Band‐Notched Ultrawideband Antenna
Authors: Ojaroudi Nasser , Ojaroudi Hamed , Ojaroudi Mohammad , Ghadimi Noradin
Published: October 2015

This article presents a new design of ultrawideband (UWB) monopole antenna with the characteristics of dual band rejection .The antenna consists of a square radiating patch with U‐shaped slot and a pair of Γ‐shaped slits, and a ground plane with an open‐circuit slit which provides a wide usable fractional bandwidth of more than 120%. By applying the open‐circuit slit in the ground plane, a new resonance at 12.1 GHz is excited and much wider impedance bandwidth can be produced. The band notching of wireless local area network (5–6 GHz), is achieved by inserting a U‐shaped slot, and a band‐notching for downlink of X‐band satellite communication systems (7.25–7.75 GHz) is obtained by embedding two Γ‐shaped slits at square radiating patch. The simulated and measured results show that the antenna design exhibits an operating bandwidth (VSWR<2) from 2.86 to 12.92 GHz excluding the rejected bands. The proposed antenna configuration is simple, easy to fabricate and can be integrated into any UWB system. The proposed antenna has a symmetrical structure which improves the antenna radiation pattern characteristics. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2910–2915, 2013
Performance of a Reconfigurable Reflector Antenna with Scanning Capability Using Low Cost Plasma Elements
Authors: Jusoh M. T. , Lafond O. , Colombel F. , Himdi M.
Published: October 2015

A reflector antenna with rounded shape is designed to collimate beam radiated by a quarter wave antenna operating at 2.4 GHz by implementing low cost plasma elements. The measured gain is 9 dBi, cross‐polarization remains below −10 dB and operating bandwidth of the antenna is almost 46 percent. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2869–2874, 2013
CPW‐fed Zeroth‐order Resonator Antenna Using Shorted CRLH Transmission Line
Authors: Dinesh R. , Vinod V. K. T. , Deepak U. , Vinesh P. V. , Mohanan P.
Published: October 2015

A novel composite right/left‐handed (CRLH) coplanar waveguide (CPW)‐fed zeroth‐order resonator antenna is proposed. The shorted CRLH transmission line exhibits zeroth‐order resonance at 2 GHz and operates with narrow bandwidth. The dispersion analysis is also carried out and presented in this article. The proposed antenna has been fabricated and tested. Omnidirectional radiation pattern with a gain 3.5 dBi has been obtained. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2844–2847, 2013
Enhanced Tunable Nonreciprocal Effect in CRLH Coplanar Transmission Line on YIG Without Series Capacitive Loading
Authors: Zhou Tao , Le Berre Martine , Vest Gwenaelle , Calmon Francis , Boukchiche Faris , Payet‐Gervy Béatrice , Vincent Didier , Grégoire Joëlle , Ayadi Khaled , Sabac Andrei
Published: October 2015

This work brings the experimental evidence of an enhanced nonreciprocal effect on a composite right/left‐handed coplanar transmission line on yttrium iron garnet without series capacitive loading. The measured isolation ratio is increased to 20 dB and can be tuned. Experimental results are confirmed by full wave simulation results. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2929–2931, 2013
Free Space Permittivity Determination Technique
Authors: Seyfried Daniel , Menschikow Dmitrij , Schoebel Joerg
Published: October 2015

A new approach for free space determination of the complex valued permittivity of soil and other materials is presented. The method is tailored for ground penetrating radar purposes where an averaged value of the permittivity for a certain bandwidth is desired. Coming with less demands on calibration and specimen configuration, our approach represents a robust algorithm with good accuracy and capability for in situ measurements. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2888–2892, 2013
Low Profile UWB Log‐Periodic Dipole Antenna for Wireless Communication with Notched Band
Authors: Khandelwal M. K. , Kanaujia Binod Kr , Gautam A. K.
Published: October 2015

A low profile Log‐Periodic dipole microstrip antenna is proposed for ultrawideband (UWB) applications. Logarithmically scaled dipoles with defected ground plane are fabricated on both of the sides of the dielectric substrate. The triangular taper transition is used for providing better matching. The proposed antenna shows an impedance bandwidth of 3.3–20.7 GHz, which covers the entire C, X, and Ku bands and partially S and K bands. The antenna shows stable radiation characteristics with a good front‐to‐back ratio for entire operating band. Further, a U‐shaped slot is integrated with the UWB antenna to provide a rejection function at narrowband wireless communication system such as IEEE 802.11a in USA (5.150–5.350 GHz and 5.725–5.825 GHz). The notched band is created at 5.8 GHz. The measured results reveal that the proposed antenna offers a very wide bandwidth with notched band at 5.8 GHZ. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2901–2906, 2013
Broadband Compact Quasi‐Yagi Antenna for Indoor Digital Tv
Authors: Lee Jong‐Ig , Yeo Junho , Cho Young‐Ki
Published: October 2015

In this article, a design method for a broadband three‐element quasi‐Yagi antenna for indoor digital television (DTV) is presented. The antenna consists of a dipole fed by a coplanar strip (CPS) line, a rectangular patch‐type director, and a ground reflector. The transition between a microstrip (MS) feed line and the CPS line is implemented on the CPS to match the input impedance of the antenna with a 75‐Ω MS feed line. The impedance bandwidth is improved by appending a wide strip‐type patch director at a location close to the dipole driver. The antenna size is reduced by using a half bow‐tie‐shaped dipole and reflector. The antenna is designed and optimized for operation in the terrestrial DTV band (470–806 MHz) and is fabricated on an FR4 substrate. Although, the antenna size (240 mm by 200 mm) corresponds only to 0.36λ0 by 0.30λ0 (λ0; free space wavelength at 450 MHz), the experiment results show that the antenna has good performance, such as a wide impedance band of 450–848 MHz for a voltage standing wave ratio < 2, a moderate gain of 3.5–4.6 dBi, and a high front‐to‐back ratio > 10.4 dB. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2859–2863, 2013
The Healthy Brains and Behavior Study: objectives, design, recruitment, and population coverage
Authors: Liu Jianghong , Richmond Therese S. , Raine Adrian , Cheney Rose , Brodkin Edward S. , Gur Ruben C. , Gur Raquel E.
Published: October 2015

Violence is increasingly viewed as a public health issue that may be ameliorated by health‐based interventions. The Healthy Brains and Behavior Study (HBBS) aims to identify environmental and biological risk factors for aggression in late childhood and to reduce aggression through psychological and nutritional treatments. Utilizing a cross‐disciplinary collaborative research approach, the HBBS has both human and animal components. The human component has two stages consisting of risk assessment followed by treatment. The risk assessment is based on 451 community‐residing children aged 11–12 years and their caregivers, during which genetic, brain imaging, neuroendocrine, psychophysiology, environment toxicology, neurocognitive, nutrition, psychological, social and demographic risk variables are collected. Children who met criteria (N = 219) for problematic aggressive behaviors were assigned to one of four treatment groups: cognitive‐behavior therapy (CBT) alone, nutritional supplements alone, both CBT and nutrition, or treatment‐as‐usual. Treatment duration was 12 weeks and all children whether in treatment or not were followed‐up at three, six, and 12 months. The animal component assessed the effects of dietary omega‐3 fatty acids on the development of aggression. This study contributes knowledge on how biological factors interact with social factors in shaping proactive and reactive aggression and assesses the efficacy of treatment approaches to reduce childhood aggression. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The NIMH Child Emotional Faces Picture Set (NIMH‐ChEFS): a new set of children's facial emotion stimuli
Authors: Egger Helen Link , Pine Daniel S. , Nelson Eric , Leibenluft Ellen , Ernst Monique , Towbin Kenneth E. , Angold Adrian
Published: October 2015

With the emergence of new technologies, there has been an explosion of basic and clinical research on the affective and cognitive neuroscience of face processing and emotion perception. Adult emotional face stimuli are commonly used in these studies. For developmental research, there is a need for a validated set of child emotional faces. This paper describes the development of the National Institute of Mental Health Child Emotional Faces Picture Set (NIMH‐ChEFS), a relatively large stimulus set with high quality, color images of the emotional faces of children. The set includes 482 photographs of fearful, angry, happy, sad and neutral child faces with two gaze conditions: direct and averted gaze. In this paper we describe the development of the NIMH‐ChEFS and data on the set's validity based on ratings by 20 healthy adult raters. Agreement between the a priori emotion designation and the raters' labels was high and comparable with values reported for commonly used adult picture sets. Intensity, representativeness, and composite “goodness” ratings are also presented to guide researchers in their choice of specific stimuli for their studies. These data should give researchers confidence in the NIMH‐ChEFS's validity for use in affective and social neuroscience research. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.