bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complémentarité entre les approches qualitatives et quantitatives en sciences humaines : le cas de la transmission intergénérationnelle de valeurs
Authors: Pithon Gérard
Published: August 2019

Soutenant la complémentarité entre les approches qualitatives et quantitatives en sciences humaines et sociales, Gérard Pithon défend l’idée selon laquelle les avancées entre ces types de démarches peuvent s’enrichir mutuellement et contribuer au progrès des connaissances de l’homme. L’auteur l’illustre à l’aide de modèles explicitant les éléments constitutifs mis en œuvre dans divers cycles possibles de recherche. Il s’appuie sur deux exemples de recherche : l’une, qualitative, portant sur l’éducation de jeunes filles durant trois générations au sein de deux familles de cultures distinctes ; l’autre, quantitative, sur trente-huit triades (grands-parents, parents et adolescents) issues de deux filiations d’hommes et de femmes, et de deux religions (hindoue et catholique) dans l’île de La Réunion.
Carl Schmitt à Nuremberg. Une théorie en accusation
Authors: Jouin Céline
Published: August 2019

Résumé Transféré à Nuremberg en 1947, Carl Schmitt est interrogé par l’accusation américaine sur son influence au sein du régime nazi. Le célèbre juriste doit prouver que sa théorie des grands espaces n’est pas la source de la doctrine hitlérienne de l’espace vital. Il tente alors d’entraîner son accusateur sur le terrain de la théorie, pour démontrer la scientificité de sa position et le fossé qui la sépare de l’idéologie hitlérienne. L’enquête révèle que l’accusation hésitait à faire de Schmitt un témoin ou un accusé.
Une infantilisation inévitable ?
Authors: Perrot Adeline
Published: August 2019

L’article met en évidence le rapport contradictoire que vivent les jeunes exilés entre la décélération produite par le trajet migratoire, les dispositifs de jugement et d’accompagnement à l’aide sociale à l’enfance sur le territoire français, et l’enjeu d’accélération du parcours institutionnel aux fins de remplir, en urgence, tous les critères de régularisation. La mobilité statutaire (en particulier le rajeunir ) constitue alors une ressource pour faire face à l’avancée en âge – biologique et chronologique – liée aux ralentissements et au déploiement de moyens d’identification. Ce phénomène de réversibilité, non définitif ni même acquis, s’opère sur les plans temporels et spatiaux selon des processus de passage entre les figures « adulte » et « enfant » ( majorisation et minorisation ).
Quels processus de déploiement des initiatives innovantes dans les organisations éducatives complexes ?
Authors: Bartoli Annie , Ewango-Chatelet Aurélie
Published: August 2019

La volonté de comprendre les dimensions stratégiques et humaines du contexte universitaire conduit à s’interroger sur le rôle des professionnels dans les processus de transformation organisationnelle. Le concept d’intrapreneuriat et une étude de six cas d’innovations pédagogiques dans des universités francophones permettent d’analyser en profondeur quatre trajectoires d’initiatives innovantes.
Quand la puissance se disperse : les relations entre le Sahara-Sahel et le Maghreb depuis la chute du colonel Kadhafi (2011-2018)
Authors: Poupart Pauline
Published: August 2019

Cet article suit, dans une perspective chronologique, les évolutions des relations entre le Maghreb (Algérie et Libye) et le Sahara-Sahel (Mali, Niger) depuis la chute de Kadhafi en 2011. Il s’intéresse à la fois aux pratiques contestataires des acteurs saharo-sahéliens et aux réponses diplomatiques qui y sont apportées en se concentrant sur la diplomatie algérienne. Si celle-ci a été pensée comme capable de combler le vide politique laissé par la Libye, l’Algérie tente aujourd’hui de combiner mesures sécuritaires et engagement dans la médiation politique, ce qui crée, dans un contexte diplomatique internationalisé, une tension permanente entre le recours aux méthodes de gestion passées des relations avec le Sahara-Sahel et leur nécessaire adaptation.
Les Églises évangéliques américaines et la guerre au Moyen-Orient
Authors: Fath Sébastien
Published: August 2019

L’onde de choc post 11 septembre 2001 a réencodé à nouveaux frais la perception évangélique américaine de l’islam. Elle a réactivé les fantasmes de "guerre sainte", nourris par certains Évangéliques, proches de la présidence Bush Jr. L’aversion de ces derniers envers l’islam s’est exacerbée sur la base d’une logique prosélyte de "compétition pour les âmes". On s’aperçoit cependant, quelques années plus tard, que les mobilisations religieuses aux Etats-Unis se sont inscrites dans une problématique bien plus large, celle du combat pour l’émergence de sociétés civiles pluralistes où la différence chrétienne a toute sa place (y compris par la conversion). Par leur prosélytisme missionnaire, leur activisme local et leur soutien à Israël, les Évangéliques nord-américains contribuent à accentuer la pression états-unienne en direction d’une pluralisation sociétale au Moyen-Orient. Entre naïveté, provocation et engagement souterrain de long terme au côté des sociétés civiles émergentes, ces protestants entrent en tension entre un scénario de choc des civilisations qui opposerait islam et christianisme (Samuel Huntington), et un scénario de cosmopolitisation plus paisible (Ulrick Beck) qui verrait la région se libéraliser peu à peu, et s’ouvrir davantage au pluralisme sociétal, religieux et démocratique.
Décrochage scolaire et contexte psychosocial et sociogéographique, processus dynamique de stress et parcours de vie : proposition d’une modélisation
Authors: Thouin Éliane , Lavoie Laurence , Dupéré Véronique , Archontakis Camélie
Published: August 2019

Le décrochage scolaire est souvent perçu comme le résultat d’une longue accumulation d’échecs et de désengagement scolaires. Bien que cette perspective corresponde à la réalité de plusieurs décrocheurs, elle masque l’importante hétérogénéité des trajectoires menant au décrochage. La recherche suggère par exemple que des élèves choisissent de quitter l’école en raison de difficultés apparaissant plus tard dans leur scolarité, comme l’émergence d’un problème de santé ou de l’intimidation sévère par les pairs. Les trajectoires du décrochage scolaire varient aussi vraisemblablement selon les caractéristiques des milieux au sein desquels les jeunes évoluent (urbains ou ruraux, défavorisés ou nantis). L’objectif de cet article est de présenter un nouveau cadre du décrochage scolaire ancré dans les approches du processus dynamique du stress et des parcours de vie à partir des résultats d’études nord-américaines récentes. Le processus dynamique du stress permet une analyse minutieuse des situations susceptibles de précipiter la décision de décrocher, alors que les parcours de vie situent ces événements dans une perspective plus large, englobant les trajectoires de vies complètes et les contextes macrosociaux comme le territoire géographique.
Domination Theory in Graphs
Authors: Sampathkumar E. , Pushpalatha L.
Published: August 2019

The study of domination in graphs originated around 1850 with the problems of placing minimum number of queens or other chess pieces on an n x n chess board so as to cover/dominate every square. The rules of chess specify that in one move a queen can advance any number of squares horizontally, vertically, or diagonally as long as there are no other chess pieces in its way. In 1850 enthusiasts who studied the problem came to the correct conclusion that all the squares in an 8 x 8 chessboard can be dominated by five queens and five is the minimum such number. With very few exceptions (Rooks, Bishops), these problems still remain unsolved today. Let G = (V,E) be a graph. A set S ⊂ V is a dominating set of G if every vertex in V–S is adjacent to some vertex in D. The domination number γ(G) of G is the minimum cardinality of a dominating set.
Graph Indices
Authors: Kulli V. R.
Published: August 2019

A molecular graph is a finite simple graph representing the carbon-atom skeleton of an organic molecule of a hydrocarbon. Studying molecular graphs is a constant focus in chemical graph theory: an effort to better understand molecular structure. Many types of graph indices such as degree-based graph indices, distance-based graph indices, and counting-related graph indices have been explored recently. Among degree-based graph indices, Zagreb indices are the oldest and studied well. In the last few years, many new graph indices were proposed. The present survey of these graph indices outlines their mathematical properties and also provides an exhaustive bibliography.
Social Networks and Graph Theory in the Search for Distant Knowledge
Authors: Vega-Muñoz Alejandro , Arjona-Fuentes Juan Manuel
Published: August 2019

This chapter presents how the analysis of social networks supported in graph theory contributes to the search for “distant knowledge” in the field of industrial engineering, discipline of engineering that in its current form began in the early 20th century when the first engineers began to apply scientific theory to manufacturing. In particular, the case of Chilean documented scientific production in this area of engineering is analyzed as a category of the web of science distinguishing its degree of connection with the great knowledge, generating organizations worldwide, determining its high dissociation with the great contemporary theoretical referents, and recommending the way to reduce these problems in the future.
Fuzzy Graphs and Fuzzy Hypergraphs
Authors: Voskoglou Michael G. , Pramanik Tarasankar
Published: August 2019

Relationship is the core building block of a network, and today's world advances through the complex networks. Graph theory deals with such problems more efficiently. But whenever vagueness or imprecision arises in such relationships, fuzzy graph theory helps. However, fuzzy hypergraphs are more advanced generalization of fuzzy graphs. Whenever there is a need to define multiary relationship rather than binary relationship, one can use fuzzy hypergraphs. In this chapter, interval-valued fuzzy hypergraph is discussed which is a generalization of fuzzy hypergraph. Several approaches to find shortest path between two given nodes in an interval-valued fuzzy graphs is described here. Many researchers have focused on fuzzy shortest path problem in a network due to its importance to many applications such as communications, routing, transportation, etc.
Radical Political Communication and Social Media
Authors: Bacallao-Pino Lázaro M.
Published: August 2019

This chapter aims to analyze the practices of radical political communication within the context of social mobilizations whose emergence and initial spreading are inherently associated to social media. On the basis of a case study -the #YoSoy132, a university student mobilization during the 2012 electoral campaign in Mexico- the text analyzes the main uses of social media as part of the mobilizations and the interrelationships between online (communication) and offline collective action. The author concludes that, despite the importance of social media and the collective actions based on their use, even the participants recognize the necessity of going beyond the online space. Although social media pluralize the actors of political communication and even force its traditional actors to participate in alternative communication spaces, collective communicative action cannot be confined to the digital space, but it must be understood within the processes of social mobilization, in all its articulations and mediations.
We the New Media
Authors: del Fresno Miguel
Published: August 2019

The Internet have led to the emergence of a new communication ecosystem that is not restricted to the online context and in which professional and social media intersect and cohabitate to compete for the attention of audiences. This ecosystem occurs in cyberspace; a placeless space where new forms of power, influence, control, and management of collective perceptions have developed. These emerging macro social platforms are giving rise to a new paradox: people need social media to express their opinions and creativity, while the major platforms tend to view users as products. A new model is presented to describe and explain this new communication ecosystem that has put an end to the mediating exclusivity of professional media and maximizes collective interpersonal communication on one and the same social continuum. It is a new interpersonal and collective communication ecosystem whose deep logic is necessary to understand and in which academics must compete.
Arabic Rumours Identification By Measuring The Credibility Of Arabic Tweet Content
Authors: Floos Ahmad Yahya M.
Published: August 2019

Twitter enjoys the fame of the most popular and widely used as a platform for socializing, including all aspects of life current affairs, religious ideas, political issues, scientific research, and general knowledge. Every single activity of day to day life and human behavior and values is lodged at this platform. Sending and receiving messages on Twitter (tweets) with is limited to 140 characters, In this research the author attempts to understand the characteristics of those Arabic rumour (falsified information stream) patterns. False tweets could be a rumour which is mostly recognized as a representative whose legitimacy, authenticity, precision and significance is either unverifiable or unreliable. Arabic rumours may propagate misinformation on social networks. In this research, the author illustrates the difficulty of Arabic rumour identification in twitter social platform by studying the impact based on Arabic tweet content. Furthermore, the author explains how these content features are too influential in measuring the credibility of those Arabic tweets.
The Digital Politics of Pain
Authors: Cappelli Mary Louisa
Published: August 2019

After 9/11, the upsurge of the Internet and intensification of mass media has provided Afghans with access to a global information highway of new perspectives, narratives, ideas, and images. Global connectivity has likewise brought with it cultural challenges over meaning. Within these digital spaces, the politics of ideological warfare ensue for the battle of representation and signification, which are inevitably interlinked to questions of power and powerlessness. Within this digital space of ideological contestation, I explore the power of the Afghan Women's Writing Project and its ability to empower women to bear witness and share their geographies of pain. Moreover, I demonstrate how AWWP operates as a social media democratizing campaign meticulously employing Western feminist rhetoric to shape Afghan cultural and social systems and subvert opposing Islamic forces that attempt to undermine protections against women and principles of free market democracy.
Information Control, Transparency, and Social Media
Authors: Jha Chandan Kumar
Published: August 2019

Although the research linking social media and corruption is still in infancy, it provides important insights. It has been shown that social media can prove to be an important tool in fighting corruption. At the same time, freedom on the net is under threat in many parts of the world with governments using a variety of methods, including designing vague and flexible security laws as well as employing technological means, to censor the content that can be shared and accessed by net users. This chapter discusses the implications that government control over information can have for the effects of social media on corruption. It suggests that freedom on the net and the anonymity of net users must be protected if the effects of social media on corruption are to be fully realized.
Understanding the Role of Media in South Asia
Authors: Natarajan Sukanya
Published: August 2019

The South Asian region is positioned at the heart of enormous socio-politico-cultural transformations that are repeatedly captured by the rising rates of consumption, population, unemployment, aspiration, urbanization, inequality and conflict within the region. In this region, media plays an increasingly important role in propagating mass wakefulness by shaping public opinion day in and day out. The cultural significance and value attached to South Asian Media whether it's the print or audio visual media to the social and political life of people of the region presents itself for greater understanding of history of South Asian media including media culture, new technology and its impact on the regional politics and economics. This chapter intends to understand the dynamics behind the rise of social media, print media, audio visual media and film in these countries and how there is a cultural and social continuum that the media has to work with and employ in shaping public opinion within the South Asian region.
Kenya's Difficult Political Transitions Ethnicity and the Role of Media
Authors: Ugangu Wilson
Published: August 2019

Kenya's political transitions at different points in its history have had tremendous impact on the country's media. This chapter argues that there is a close relationship between the country's political transitions, ethnicity and the role of the media. Making reference to different transition moments such as independence in the early 1960s, the attempted coup in 1982, the advent of multiparty politics in the early 1990s and the more recent disputed elections of 2007, the chapter demonstrates the manifestations of these connections, on the perceptions of the role of the media in Kenya, and how this ultimately has affected the media, including attendant policies by the state.
Communicating Democracy through Participatory Radio in Nigeria
Authors: Ahmad Murtada Busair , Babatunde Kamaldin Abdulsalam
Published: August 2019

Community media remains the only key tool that can facilitate grassroot citizens' participation in nurturing and sustaining true democracy through creating and using information content that is driven by the needs of the communities for themselves and by themselves. By so doing, the citizens partake in determining their future through developing the community and educating their people in a manner and language that they can understand. Moreover, community media enables people from different socio-cultural backgrounds within a community, to share information and exchange ideas in a positive and productive manner. This dialogue among communities can be enriched by understanding how development issues affect them; discovering what others think in other communities; and seeing what other communities have achieved. In this light, participatory radio serves as a means of developing the grassroots emancipation that will enable them to articulate their needs in alignment with the cultural and social impulses of the communities they represent through means of technology, that is, community radio. The role of community radio is heightened by the realization that traditional or orthodox practice of the commercial/mainstream media has failed in achieving some of its basic and expected functions to the society such as serving as a true watchdog of the society, especially in a fledgling democratic system. Thus, this paper undertakes a case for sustainability of community radio in a developing society with a focus on both sides of the equation (production and distribution).
Safe Development Environments for Radiation Tracing Robots
Authors: Borgeest Kai , Kern Daniel
Published: August 2019

Robots can substitute for men in radioactively-contaminated areas. This is a suitable field to deploy robots for measurements, repair, or clearance, but development and test of such robots could be dangerous, because radiation sources need to be handled. To avoid these hazards in development or public demonstrations, safe alternatives to radiation samples have been sought using an already existing robot (EtaBot). One proposed solution is an optical substitution (“light follower”), the other one a fully-digital simulation of the contaminated area and the robot movement inside it using a hardware-in-the-loop simulator (HiL).
Locomotion Interfaces for Legged Robots
Authors: Abdel-Aal Hisham A.
Published: August 2019

This chapter presents a comparative study of the topographical structure of three common biological robotic inspirations: human, canine, and feline feet. It is shown that the metrological roughness of each of the examined feet is customized for the specific locomotion demands of the species. The textural parameters manifest close correlation to the pressure distribution experienced in movement and gait. This correlation enhances the durability and structural integrity of the bio-analogue. It is also shown that the metrological function of the human (plantigrade) feet pads combine that of the back and the front feet pads of the digitigrade mammals examined. It is argued that integrating the targeted engineering of roughness within the design process of robotic feet can enhance the function of walking robots. Further, it offers elegant solutions to some of the current problems encountered in design of humanoids and other bio-inspired walking robots.
Incorporation of Human Facial Expression Into Robot Control
Authors: Hasegawa Naoya , Takahashi Yoshihiko
Published: August 2019

An amusement robot that can recognize and respond to human facial expressions is proposed. The integration of human facial recognition into the control systems of robots is necessary to improve their entertainment value. We are proposing a new technology that uses a camera to read and respond to human facial expressions. As the preliminary research, a portable bubble ejection robot, which produces soap bubbles like a fountain, has been fabricated. The ejected soap bubbles are illuminated by LEDs and the direction of the ejection nozzle and the amount of the ejected bubbles are controlled by using an Android tablet. Subsequently, human facial expressions are read by a facial expression detection system. This paper will explain the design of the bubble ejection robot, its control system, which reads human facial expressions, and the experimental results of human reaction to the bubble ejection. Consequently, the relationship between the soap bubble ejection and the human emotions is revealed.
Neo-Tribes or Subcultures?
Authors: Chandler Nick
Published: August 2019

Two contrasting views exist regarding subcultures: the classical view and the post-subcultural perspective of subcultures as “neo-tribes.” However, there is scarcity of empirical studies of organizational studies with the latter perspective. This study aims to examine whether there is sufficient evidence for subcultures to be considered as “neo-tribes.” To answer this question, empirical studies are examined alongside data from a recent quantitative study of staff in a higher educational institution. It is found that organizational subcultures have a floating membership, heterogeneity between members within subcultures, the absence of distinct boundaries, and changing values over time. It is concluded that, for practitioners, change in organizations will require managers to accept the continuous change, reassessment, and adaptation of subcultures, as well as a lack of cultural predictability and stability. For researchers, this study heightens the need to reassess studies opting for a suitable approach in identifying and examining organizational subcultures.
Socially Responsible Culture and Personal Values as Organizational Competitiveness Factors
Authors: Štrukelj Tjaša , Mulej Matjaž , Zabukovšek Simona Sternad
Published: August 2019

Organizational success factors and thus competitiveness depend on humans, whose behavior depends on their knowledge, values, and circumstances, which also depend on knowledge, values, and circumstances of other humans involved, via organizations or individually. The three selected and briefed typologies of values are more complementary than competing alternatives, since they depend on authors' selected research viewpoints. They neither reflect nor oppose social responsibility. The fourth selected viewpoint covers the process of values' influence on human work/activity. Being based in the dialectical systems theory stressing interdisciplinary creative cooperation aimed at humans' requisite holism, this approach stresses interdependence and holism, which can be attained by responsible persons only. Thus, the values of (individual, corporate, or societal) social responsibility reflect systems approach and behavior that is critical for competitiveness in the contemporary times of Industry 4.0.
Corporate Social Responsibility Values in Transforming Societies
Authors: Lang Rainhart , Rybnikova Irma
Published: August 2019

The focus of the chapter is on corporate social values of managers as one important basis, and explanation of the functioning of CSR concepts in CEE organizations. The analysis is based on theoretical concepts explaining the relationship between the national and institutional context, corporate values of managers, and CSR activities, like “upper echelon theory,” which consider managerial action as a direct or indirect expression of the individual values of top managers. The situation in transforming societies in CEE countries can be well-described using the concept of situational strength. The empirical findings, with data from the GLOBE-CEO project from 129 firms in East Germany, Estonia, and Romania, show specific country-based combinations of corporate social values in the companies studied, with strategic orientation in East Germany, shareholder focus and a relatively strong religious orientation in Romania, and an orientation on shareholders as well as on employees and community in Estonia.
Embedded in a Culture
Authors: Lazányi Kornélia , Holicza Péter
Published: August 2019

In the international literature, national cultures are still an evergreen topic. Even though - contrarily to previous decades' civilizational focus - the attention has shifted to leveraging benefits of multicultural environments and experiences. According to Huntington, nations belonging to different civilizations will never be able to work together smoothly, owing to the principal differences in their values, beliefs and behavior stemming from them. There are theorists, however, who think the differences can never be too big if there is willingness and positive experience with the other culture. Different dimensions characterize national cultures. While some state to identify radical differences between two countries, others do not identify such. This chapter, after offering an insight into the basic approaches of national cultures, endeavors to analyze two discrete cultures (Russian, Hungarian) and presents the similarities and differences of them, along with tools and methods that are able to support the collaboration of people and organizations belonging to them.
The Conceptual Model of Managing Older Employees to Achieve Their Work Engagement
Authors: Rožman Maja , Treven Sonja
Published: August 2019

The purpose of the chapter is to present, on the basis of theoretical starting points, the importance of management of older people for the entire society as well as the problem of older employees and their management as an important branch of human resource management, which presents a major challenge for companies. The main aim of the chapter is to design the conceptual model of managing older employees to achieve their work engagement, which will serve as the basis for understanding the successful ageing of older employees and creating an appropriate working environment favourable for all generations. By promoting active ageing and introducing the management of older employees, companies can achieve an important increase in the work engagement of older employees, a change of generally accepted stereotypes, myths, and prejudices about older people and the reduction of discrimination of older people in the labour market. The appropriate working conditions that should be available in all companies contribute to the improvement of management of older employees and their work engagement.
New Strategy and Thinking in Global Business System
Authors: Ensari M. Sebnem , Gürsoy Güner
Published: August 2019

Because of the necessity of adopting the product and service to the rapidly changing needs of current customers, specialization in each supply chain has become more important. The companies from the same supply chain benefited from the collaboration in order to gain competitive advantage. This chapter first of all explains the current changes in business environment and define the new global business system and summarizes the common strategies to survive in this environment from related literature. It proposes a model of a smart supply chain management including agile organizations and mutual goal achievement of the firms and the members of the same supply chain at the end of the chapter. The aim of this chapter is providing a road map to todays and future organizations to be more competitive. It is believed that the chapter will be helpful for both professionals and academicians who have interest in strategy building process and creating competitive advantage.
Re-Shaping Business Strategy in the Era of Digitization
Authors: Alkan Deniz Palalar
Published: August 2019

In the era of digitization terms such artificial intelligence (AI), internet of things (IoT) and related concepts are frequently used to describe a phenomenon that will eventually connect all things to digital networks that will lead to digital transformation of existing business and how they formulate strategies. One of the reasons behind such a paradigm shift is due to the demands of hyper-competition companies face in the global marketplace. Changing nature of the competitive landscape forces companies to re-think their strategy and align existing structures to achieve agility, flexibility, and a sustainable competitive advantage. Thus, companies need to re-think and conceptualize their overall strategies including the means to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. The trends that are shaping the Industry 4.0 will shape the way companies formulate strategies, create collaboration, and convergence of all the actors in the ecosystem to achieve agility, flexibility, and maximize efficiency.
Transformation of Marketing With Technology
Authors: Pinarbasi Fatih , Akpınar Habib Mehmet
Published: August 2019

Marketing lives as a living organism with its competitive environment and several internal conditions. Marketing functions should adapt to the world they are bound to and develop their activities by taking into account the changes and developments in micro and macro factors. With the increase in technology and the spread of social media, transformation in marketing has become inevitable. Advances in business applications have better results about understanding customer and markets. As previous studies examine artificial intelligence concept with different contexts, there is lack of integrated study which examine marketing and artificial intelligence together. This study proposes three-steps plan for implementing AI with marketing while it includes nine scenarios from different marketing goals. Study also has suggestions for implementing AI methodologies into business processes.
The Effects of Digital Transformation on Organizations
Authors: Türkmen Emre , Soyer Ayberk
Published: August 2019

The developments in information and communication technologies in the digital age have significant and varying effects on organizations. Changes in traditional business ecosystems have created new business environments called “digital business ecosystems.” Digital transformation (DT) studies are continually being carried out in organizations to adapt to these new digital business ecosystems. Besides technological adaptation, structural changes in processes, human resources, and company culture also occur in DT process. Under these conditions, organizations need to create their strategies and road maps. In this context, it is aimed to develop a conceptual framework for examining the effects of DT on organizations by taking into account Michael E. Porter's value chain framework and Henry Mintzberg's typology of organizational configurations. The proposed framework is expected to make contribution to the literature in terms of adapting Porter's value chain to the organizational structures in digital age and will be adaptable to different types of organizations.
Mutual Relationships Between Digital Transformation and Leadership
Authors: Gurkan Guney Cetın , Cıftcı Gulsel , Ozyurt Basak
Published: August 2019

Organizations have taken various steps and transformed to adapt to digital technologies that change and evolve over the years. There is a need for leaders specialized in “digital technology and digital transformation” within the organization in order to be able to manage this transformation with appropriate decisions and strategies. There is a change in the titles given to leaders, their job descriptions, and qualifications during the process of digital transformation. The tasks of these leaders are to cooperate with other departments in the organization in a harmonious and supportive way to develop and implement innovations in the organization, to systematize the workflow processes, to quickly adapt technological innovations to the organization, and to contribute directly to its values. This chapter discusses supportive leader behaviors and types for change and transformation, supportive leaders for digital transformation, and the changing roles of leaders in digital transformation and digital leadership.
Digital Era and New Methods for Employee Recruitment
Authors: Baykal Elif
Published: August 2019

The ever-increasing digitalization in today's business processes—and incredibly fast-growing markets—have created a more competitive business environment. And, this more competitive business environment has led companies to be more demanding regarding the employee qualifications as well as the quality of tasks carried out by these employees. Moreover, this change process has rendered the traditional human resources management methods inadequate, further digitizing the field of human resources. In this study, the authors examine the handling of recruitment functions within human resources management and the digitization process. Furthermore, they discuss both the basic dynamics of the e-recruitment processes, the tools of e-recruitment, as well as its advantages and disadvantages.
Cultural Effects of Global Businesses and Multinational Businesses
Authors: Uslu Yeter Demir , Hancıoğlu Yasemin
Published: August 2019

The concept of globalization is a process in which countries, cultures, organizational cultures, and even organizational structures converge with each other and a single standard point of view in the world emerges, and it identifies and defines the differences of the elements. This shows that the processes of globalization and localization are always in interaction. Convergence brought by globalization shows that multinational enterprises perform standard activities at the global level. However, in contrast to this convergence, with the effect of localization, hybrid organizational structures are becoming important especially in order to provide competitive advantage in the national market. While creating hybrid organizational structures, attention is paid to establish a structure that will not hinder the coordination between the host country and the home country. In this context, the definitions of globalization, localization, hybridization, and how the complexity of their interactions are reflected in business strategies are discussed from a theoretical point of view.
Blockchain Ecosystems in the Sharing Economy
Authors: Oflaz Nihal Kalayci
Published: August 2019

In the 21st century, the free movement of information became quite important with the increase of internet technology. The fact that people can exchange money or data with each other without the need for any intermediary has led to the development of a new economic area under the name of the sharing economy. One of the most important features of the sharing economy is that the parties of the economic transaction establish this relationship through a technological platform. Similarly, allowing peer-to-peer transactions and seeing them as a reliable and public platform has made blockchain technology the focus of attention as a digital business technology in various sectors. In this study, blockchain technology, which is considered as the future technology of the sharing economy, is explained within the framework of a health sector model that deals with the partnership between the sharing economy and blockchain technology.
How to Tax a Monopoly Platform in a Product Differentiation Set-Up?
Authors: Mukherjee Sovik
Published: August 2019

The chapter models a monopoly platform with buyers on one side and sellers on the other. The platform charges some combination of a fixed membership fee and a variable usage fee from both the sides and the buyers are heterogeneous in terms of the per unit benefit they derive on the transaction of the product. In this digital era of IT-based business ecosystems, the big names in the digital business market have been accused of serious tax avoidance in countries where they operate. In this backdrop, the author introduces a baseline monopoly platform model for policy making purposes, incorporating both ad valorem and specific taxes on the buyers' side of the platform alone. But the results can be similarly interpreted for the seller side as well, without any loss of generality. The chapter gives us insights as to whether there is any cross-side externality working in the presence of product differentiation in standard monopoly platform models.
Use of video recordings for objective functional assessment after posterior rhizotomy
Authors: Morton Lance , Wait Candice , Goodman Muriel
Published: August 2019

Die doel van hierdie studie is om vas te stel of dit moontlik is om die voor en na-operatiewe funksionele toestand van serebraal gestremde kinders wat Selektiewe Posterior Rhisotomie ondergaan het, objektief te bepaal en te vergelyk, deur die gebruik van video opnames. 'n Vraelys is onder skole vir serebraal gestremde kinders versprei om fisioterapeute se opinies in verband met die gebruik van video opnames te bepaal.Elf video opnames is deur twee van die skrywers en fisioterapeute met ervaring in die behandeling van serebraal gestremde kinders, bestudeer. Die twee groepe het probeer om die funksionele toestand van die kinders objektief te bepaal deur gebruik te maak van 'n vorm wat vir hierdie doel opgestel is. Hulle het ook sekere eienskappe van die video opnames getoets, soos onder andere die standarisering van toerusting, kamera hoeke, fisioterapeut se posisie en die opeenvolging van aktiwiteite.Daar is gevind dat met die gebruik van bestaande video opnames, dit nie moontlik is om hierdie kinders objektief te toets nie. ’n Aanbevele formaat wat gevolg behoort te word in die produksie van toekomstige video opnames, is saamgestel.
Book Review - Stroke: Caring and Coping
Authors: Wallner Trish
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
Obituary: Patricia Cumpsty
Authors: Lachman Peter
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
Letter to the editor
Authors: Ashford Violet
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
The prevalence of low back pain in cricketers – An undergraduate epidemiological study
Authors: Harris Ian
Published: August 2019

The prevalence of Low Back Pain (LBP) in cricketer's was determined and possible causative factors were investigated. Questionnaires were sent to 110 cricketers playing for their first times of both clubs and schools during the 1991/92 season. The return response was 90% with a prevalence of LBP at 61.6%. Of these 78.7 % cited cricket as being the primary cause of their LBP. The injuries were predominantly grade 1 (72.1%), followed by grade 3 (23.1 %) and grade 2 (6.6%). Grading was made according to the effect the pain had on the cricketers game. Fast bowlers proved to be more at risk of developing LBP with a group prevalence of 75.6% followed by wicket keepers at 63.6%, batsmen at 56.8% and slow bowlers at 48.1%. Cricketers had rather a poor general knowledge of ways of protecting their backs. Recommendations were made to help reduce the high prevalence of LBP, especially amongst Fast bowlers and in cricketers in general.
Understanding the Nature, Contributing Factors, and Corrective Actions of Medication Administration Errors: Insights from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Bashaireh Akram M. , Jaran Mohammad S. , Alobari Rania I. , Al-khani Salma M.
Published: August 2019

Background: Medication errors continue to be a global patient safety concern as they are associated with a negative impact on morbidity and mortality and health-care costs. Research in Middle Eastern countries has been limited and focused on reporting on the incidence, type, and contributing factors with limited knowledge on the preventability and severity of medication errors and the corrective action taken from the reported medication errors. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, descriptive study design was used with selected clinical units in one hospital in the Middle East to gain insight into the incidence, type, location, level of severity, and causes of medication administration errors (MAEs) and the corrective actions taken. Data collected between February 17, 2014 and August 30, 2015, in the organization's reporting system were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The most frequent types of MAEs reported were delayed administration (23%) and wrong dose (15%), occurring in the clinical units (65%), ambulatory settings (18%), the pediatric children cancer center (11%), and the surgery division (3%). The majority of MAEs were rated as no harm (184 errors, 69%) followed by temporary harm (80 errors, 30%), with two incidents with pediatric patients resulting in permanent functional harm and one incident with a pediatric patient resulting in death. The majority of factors contributing to the MAEs involved staff factors including failure to follow policies and procedures (86%) followed by inadequate communication (17%). The most common corrective action was no action (30%) followed by counseling the staff involved in the MAE (29%), sharing at a unit or departmental meeting (25%), and training and educating the staff (15%) as a result of the error. Conclusion: Our study results delineated the nature, contributing factors, and corrective actions taken associated with reported MAEs. Future research is required to examine and explore the nature of MAEs, contributing factors, corrective actions taken, and exploration and examination of the impact of efforts to enhance MAE reporting and learning systems in hospitals.
Footprint-scale cloud type mixtures and their impacts on Atmospheric Infrared Sounder cloud property retrievals
Authors: Guillaume Alexandre , Kahn Brian H. , Fetzer Eric J. , Yue Qing , Manipon Gerald J. , Wilson Brian D. , Hua Hook
Published: August 2019

Abstract. A method is described to classify cloud mixtures of cloud
top types, termed cloud scenes, using cloud type classification derived from the CloudSat
radar (2B-CLDCLASS). The scale dependence of the cloud scenes is quantified.
For spatial scales at 45 km (15 km), only 18 (10) out of 256 possible cloud
scenes account for 90 % of all observations and contain one, two,
or three cloud types. The number of possible cloud scenes is shown to depend
on spatial scale with a maximum number of 210 out of 256 possible scenes at
a scale of 105 km and fewer cloud scenes at smaller and larger scales. The
cloud scenes are used to assess the characteristics of spatially collocated
Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) thermodynamic-phase and ice cloud
property retrievals within scenes of varying cloud type complexity. The
likelihood of ice and liquid-phase detection strongly depends on the
CloudSat-identified cloud scene type collocated with the AIRS footprint.
Cloud scenes primarily consisting of cirrus, nimbostratus, altostratus, and
deep convection are dominated by ice-phase detection, while stratocumulus,
cumulus, and altocumulus are dominated by liquid- and undetermined-phase
detection. Ice cloud particle size and optical thickness are largest for
cloud scenes containing deep convection and cumulus and are smallest for
cirrus. Cloud scenes with multiple cloud types have small reductions in
information content and slightly higher residuals of observed and modeled
radiance compared to cloud scenes with single cloud types. These results
will help advance the development of temperature, specific humidity, and
cloud property retrievals from hyperspectral infrared sounders that include
cloud microphysics in forward radiative transfer models.
A 424-year tree-ring based PDSI reconstruction of Cedrus deodara D. Don from Chitral HinduKush Range of Pakistan: linkages to the ocean oscillations
Authors: Ahmad Sarir , Zhu Liangjun , Yasmeen Sumaira , Zhang Yuandong , Li Zongshan , Ullah Sami , Wang Xiaochun
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Currently, the rate of global warming has led to persistent drought patterns. It is considered to be the preliminary reason affecting socio-economic development under the background of dynamic forecasting of water supply and forest ecosystems in West Asia. However, long-term climate records in the semi-arid Chitral mountains of northern Pakistan are seriously lacking. Therefore, we developed a new tree-ring width chronology of Cedrus deodara spanning the period of 1537–2017. We reconstructed the March-August Palmer Drought Sensitivity Index (PDSI) for the past 424 years back to A.D. 1593. Our reconstruction was featured with nine dry and eight wet periods 1593–1598, 1602–1608, 1631–1645, 1647–1660, 1756–1765, 1785–1800, 1870–1878, 1917–1923, 1981–1995, and 1663–1675, 1687–1708, 1771–1773, 1806–1814, 1844–1852, 1932–1935, 1965–1969 and 1996–2003, respectively. This reconstruction is consistent with other dendroclimatic reconstructions in west Asia, confirming its reliability. The analysis of the Multi-Taper Method and wavelet analysis revealed drought variability at periodicities of 2.1–2.4, 3.3, 6, 16.8, and 34–38 years. The drought patterns could be linked to the broad-scale atmospheric-oceanic variability such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO) and solar activity. In terms of current climate conditions, our findings have important implications for developing drought-resistant policies in communities on the fringes of Hindu Kush mountain Ranges in northern Pakistan.