bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uncovering the hidden RNA virus diversity in Lake Nam Co: evolutionary insights from an extreme high-altitude environment
Authors: Wu Lilin , Liu Yongqin , Shi Wenqing , Chang Tianyi , Liu Pengfei , Liu Keshao , He Yong , Li Zhaorong , Shi Mang , Jiao Nianzhi , Lang Andrew S. , Dong Xiyang , Zheng Qiang
Published: July 2024

Alpine lakes, characterized by isolation, low temperatures, oligotrophic conditions, and intense ultraviolet radiation, remain a poorly explored ecosystem for RNA viruses. Here, we present the first comprehensive metatranscriptomic study of RNA viruses in Lake Nam Co, a high-altitude alkaline saline lake on the Tibetan Plateau. Using a combination of sequence– and structure-based homology searches, we identified 742 RNA virus species, including 383 novel genus-level groups and 84 novel family-level groups exclusively found in Lake Nam Co. These findings significantly expand the known diversity of theOrthornavirae, uncovering evolutionary adaptations such as permutated RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) motifs and distinct RNA secondary structures. Notably, 14 previously unknown RNA virus families potentially infecting prokaryotes were predicted, broadening the known host range of RNA viruses and questioning the traditional assumption that RNA viruses predominantly target eukaryotes. The presence of auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) in viral genomes suggested that RNA viruses (familiesf.0102and Nam-Co_family_51) exploit host energy production mechanisms in energy-limited alpine lakes. Low nucleotide diversity, SNP frequencies, and pN/pS ratios indicate strong purifying selection in Nam Co viral populations. Our findings offer insights into RNA virus evolution and ecology, highlighting the importance of extreme environments in uncovering hidden viral diversity, and further shed light into their potential ecological implications, particularly in the context of climate change.

Significance Statement

This study unveils the hidden diversity and complexity of RNA viruses in the high-altitude ecosystem of Lake Nam Co, significantly expanding the known RNA virome. The discovery of novel viral clades, expanded potential host ranges, and unique evolutionary adaptations emphasizes the importance of exploring extreme environments to uncover viral diversity and evolutionary pathways. Our findings offer critical insights into viral evolution, host-virus interactions, and the ecological roles of RNA viruses, particularly in the context of climate change and environmental resilience.
Increased female competition for males with enhanced foraging skills in Guinea baboons
Authors: O’Hearn William J. , Beckmann Jörg , von Fersen Lorenzo , Dal Pesco Federica , Mundry Roger , Keupp Stefanie , Diakhate Ndiouga , Niederbremer Carolin , Fischer Julia
Published: July 2024

Recognizing skillful group members is crucial for making optimal social choices. Whether and how nonhuman animals attribute skill to others is still debated. Using a lever-operated food box, we enhanced the foraging skill of a single male (the specialist) in one zoo housed and two wild groups of Guinea baboon (Papio papio). We measured group member’s behav-ioral responses before, during, and after our manipulation to reveal whether they focused on the outcome of the males’ actions or changed their assessment of his long-term value. During the manipulation, females in the specialist’s unit, but not the wider group, competed over ac-cess to the specialist - increasing their grooming of him tenfold and aggression near him four-fold. Both behaviors were predicted by the amount each female ate from the food box and re-turned to baseline within two weeks of its removal. This behavioral pattern supports an out-come-based assessment where females responded to male-provided benefits (utility) rather than attributing competence (value).

Teaser

Guinea baboon females monopolize males in relation to their current perceived utility.
SEM-2/SoxC regulates multiple aspects ofC. eleganspostembryonic mesoderm development
Authors: Baccas Marissa , Ganesan Vanathi , Leung Amy , Pineiro Lucas , McKillop Alexandra N. , Liu Jun
Published: July 2024

Development of multicellular organisms requires well-orchestrated interplay between cell-intrinsic transcription factors and cell-cell signaling. One set of highly conserved transcription factors that plays diverse roles in development is the SoxC group.C. eleganscontains a sole SoxC protein, SEM-2. SEM-2 is essential for embryonic development, and for specifying the sex myoblast (SM) fate in the postembryonic mesoderm, the M lineage. We have identified a novel partial loss-of-functionsem-2allele that has a proline to serine change in the C-terminal tail of the highly conserved DNA-binding domain. Detailed analyses of mutant animals harboring this point mutation uncovered new functions of SEM-2 in the M lineage. First, SEM-2 functions antagonistically with LET-381, the soleC. elegansFoxF/C forkhead transcription factor, to regulate dorsoventral patterning of the M lineage. Second, in addition to specifying the SM fate, SEM-2 is essential for the proliferation and diversification of the SM lineage. Finally, SEM-2 appears to directly regulate the expression ofhlh-8, which encodes a basic helix-loop-helix Twist transcription factor and plays critical roles in proper patterning of the M lineage. Our data, along with previous studies, suggest an evolutionarily conserved relationship between SoxC and Twist proteins. Furthermore, our work identified new interactions in the gene regulatory network (GRN) underlyingC. eleganspostembryonic development and adds to the general understanding of the structure-function relationship of SoxC proteins.

AUTHOR SUMMARY

SoxC transcription factors play important roles in metazoan development. Abnormal expression or function of SoxC factors has been linked to a variety of developmental disorders and cancers. It is therefore critical to understand the functions of SoxC proteins in vivo.C. eleganshas a single SoxC transcription factor, SEM-2, that is known to regulate a fate decision between a proliferative progenitor cell vs. a terminally differentiated cell during postembryonic mesoderm development. In this study, we report new functions of SEM-2 in postembryonic mesoderm development via our studies of a partial loss-of-function allele ofsem-2. Our work uncovers new regulatory relationships between SEM-2/SoxC and the FoxF/C transcription factor LET-381, and between SEM-2/SoxC and theC. elegansTwist ortholog HLH-8. Our findings suggest that the SoxC-Twist axis, including the downstream targets of Twist, represents an evolutionarily conserved regulatory cassette important in metazoan development.
Eyes robustly blink to musical beats like tapping
Authors: Wu Yiyang , Teng Xiangbin , Du Yi
Published: July 2024

Auditory-motor synchronization with musical rhythm may extend beyond overt body movements like fingers or feet. Through four experiments combining eye-tracking, neurophysiological and structural imaging approaches with 123 young non-musicians, we demonstrated robust synchronization of spontaneous eye blinks with musical beats. The blinking rate consistently aligned with the beat rate across various tempi and independent of melodic cues. Blinking exhibited beat phase-specific tuning, with inhibition immediately before beats and increased frequency afterward. Variations in blink-beat synchronization corresponded to the difference in microstructural lateralization of auditory-parietal connectivity. EEG recordings revealed a dynamic correspondence between blink and neural beat tracking. Mechanistically, this synchronization reflects dynamic auditory attention and temporal modulation of visual sampling. Our findings establish ‘eye tapping’ as a novel behavioral paradigm, expanding the behavioral repertoire of auditory-motor synchronization. It underscores the intricate relationship between music rhythms and peripheral oculomotor system, proposing a cross-modal active sensing and embodied experience in music perception.
What determines the vertical structuring of pelagic ecosystems in the global ocean?
Authors: Belharet Mokrane , Lengaigne Matthieu , Barrier Nicolas , Brierley Andrew , Irigoien Xabier , Proud Roland , Maury Olivier
Published: July 2024

Offshore pelagic ecosystems are composed of vertically and functionally distinct epipelagic, migrant and resident mesopelagic communities. While this vertical structure plays a key role in carbon sequestration and in supporting important fisheries, there is still no consensus on the respective contribution of the environmental factors (light, oxygen) and processes controlling it at both global and regional scale. Here we combine mechanistic modelling and acoustic observations from the worldwide Malaspina scientific campaign to show that, while underwater light intensity is the primary factor controlling the vertical distribution and migration of pelagic organisms globally, oxygen plays a critical role in limiting the depth of migratory communities and the abundance of mesopelagic communities in Oxygen Minimum Zones. Furthermore, we show that a faithful reproduction of acoustic observations in some regions of the global ocean (southern Indian Ocean, western Pacific) cannot be achieved without separating migratory and resident mesopelagic communities into deep and shallow groups. By proposing a unified mechanistic model and an archetypical ecosystem structure constrained by comprehensive acoustic observations, this study provides a consistent understanding of the vertical structure and function of global pelagic ecosystems and paves the way for more reliable estimates of their climate-induced variability and change.
Synergistic effects of cardiovascular health and social isolation on adverse pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Ohseto Hisashi , Ishikuro Mami , Chen Geng , Takahashi Ippei , Shinoda Genki , Noda Aoi , Murakami Keiko , Orui Masatsugu , Iwama Noriyuki , Kikuya Masahiro , Metoki Hirohito , Hozawa Atsushi , Obara Taku , Kuriyama Shinichi
Published: July 2024

Background: Adverse pregnancy outcomes affect approximately 20% pregnant women, and their incidence is increasing. Objective: To investigate the effect of cardiovascular health during pregnancy on adverse pregnancy outcomes and the effect modification by psychological distress, social isolation, and income. Study Design: We analyzed data from 14,930 pregnant women in the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study. Cardiovascular health status during pregnancy was assessed using the eight components of Lifes Essential 8 as proposed by the American Heart Association, including diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, sleep health, body mass index, blood lipids, blood glucose, and blood pressure. Adverse pregnancy outcomes were defined as composite outcomes of preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm birth, and small for gestational age. Using logistic regression analyses, we examined the associations between cardiovascular health and adverse pregnancy outcomes, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm birth, small for gestational age, large for gestational age, low birth weight, and neonatal intensive care unit admission. Interactions with psychological distress, social isolation, and income were examined. Results: The numbers of participants with high, moderate, and low cardiovascular health status were 2,891 (19.4%), 11,498 (77.0%), and 541 (3.6%), respectively. Moderate and low cardiovascular health status were positively associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes (odds ratio and 95% confidence interval: 1.17 (10.04 to 1.32) and 2.64 (2.13 to 3.27), respectively). Low cardiovascular health status was also associated with a higher prevalence of preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm birth, large for gestational age, and neonatal intensive care unit admission, and lower prevalence of small for gestational age. Among pregnant women with low cardiovascular health status, those who reported social isolation had a higher prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes than did those without social isolation (36.4% vs. 27.4%). However, this difference was attenuated for pregnant women with high cardiovascular health status (13.6% vs. 13.1%). Conclusions: Cardiovascular health status assessed using Lifes Essential 8 may be useful for assessing the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Socially isolated pregnant women are more vulnerable to the effects of low cardiovascular health status; thus, they should be prioritized for access to primary care, lifestyle education, and appropriate pharmacotherapy.
CarboTag: a modular approach for live and functional imaging of plant cell walls
Authors: Besten Maarten , Hendriksz Milan , Michels Lucile , Charrier Bénédicte , Smakowska-Luzan Elwira , Weijers Dolf , Borst Jan Willem , Sprakel Joris
Published: July 2024

Plant cells are contained inside a rigid network of cell walls. Cell walls are highly dynamic structures that act both as a structural material and as a hub for a wide range of signaling processes. Despite its crucial role in all aspects of the plant life cycle, live dynamical imaging of the cell wall and its functional properties has remained challenging. Here, we introduce CarboTag, a modular toolbox for live functional imaging of plant walls. CarboTag relies on a small molecular motif, a pyridine boronic acid, that targets its cargo to the cell wall, is non-toxic and ensures rapid tissue permeation. We designed a suite of cell wall imaging probes based on CarboTag in any desired color for multiplexing. Moreover, we created new functional reporters for live quantitative imaging of key cell wall features: network porosity, cell wall pH and the presence of reactive oxygen species. CarboTag opens the way to dynamical and quantitative mapping of cell wall responses at subcellular resolution.
Using cocrystals as a tool to study non-crystallizing molecules: crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis and computational study of the 1:1 cocrystal of (E)-N-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-1-(pyridin-4-yl)methanimine and acetic acid
Authors: Sánchez-Pacheco Addi Dana , Huerta Eduardo H. , Espinosa-Camargo Josué Benjamín , Rodríguez-Nájera Evelyn Valeria , Martínez-Otero Diego , Hernández-Ortega Simón , Valdés-Martínez Jesús
Published: July 2024

Using a 1:1 cocrystal of (E)-N-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-1-(pyridin-4-yl)methanimine with acetic acid, C12H8F2N2·C2H4O2, we investigate the influence of F atoms introduced to the aromatic ring on promoting π–π interactions. The cocrystal crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1. Through crystallographic analysis and computational studies, we reveal the molecular arrangement within this cocrystal, demonstrating the presence of hydrogen bonding between the acetic acid molecule and the pyridyl group, along with π–π interactions between the aromatic rings. Our findings highlight the importance of F atoms in promoting π–π interactions without necessitating full halogenation of the aromatic ring.
Supramolecular interactions in cocrystals of benzoic acid derivatives with selective COX-2 inhibitor etoricoxib
Authors: Ma Yu Heng , Yang Kang , Qian Yan Ling , Hong Wei Pu , Zhang Kai Yue , Tao Zhen Wei , Meng Hui , Ma Wen Jing
Published: July 2024

The structures of three 1:1 cocrystal forms of etoricoxib {ETR; systematic name: 5-chloro-2-(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)-3-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]pyridine, C18H15ClN2O2S} have been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction; these are etoricoxib–benzoic acid (1/1), C18H15ClN2O2S·C7H6O2 (ETR–Bz), etoricoxib–4-fluorobenzoic acid (1/1), C18H15ClN2O2S·C7H5FO2 (ETR–PFB), and etoricoxib–4-nitrobenzoic acid (1/1), C18H15ClN2O2S·C7H5NO4 (ETR–PNB). Powder X-ray diffraction and thermal differential scanning calorimetry–thermogravimetry (DSC–TG) techniques were also used to characterize these multicomponent systems. Due to the influence of the corresponding acids, ETR shows different conformations. Furthermore, the energetic contributions of the supramolecular motifs have been established by energy framework studies of the stabilizing interaction forces and are consistent with the thermal stability of the cocrystals.
Experimental and simulation analysis of mechanical property degradation of corrosion thinning of Q355 steel for transmission towers
Authors: Guo Xin , Tu Jiesong , Fan Zhibin , Du Baoshuai , Shang Hongfei , An Jiangfeng , Jia Dan
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Corrosion thinning reduces the effective cross-sectional areas of steel structures and degrades their mechanical properties. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the corrosion thinning of carbon steel for transmission towers and the degradation of its mechanical properties.

Design/methodology/approach

A macroscopic finite element model of a transmission tower was established and then combined with the corrosion thinning and mechanical properties of Q355 steel in different test periods measured in neutral salt spray, SO2 atmosphere and wet heat environments to conduct a finite element simulation of a transmission tower with different corrosion thinning of Q355 steel.

Findings

When the residual thickness of the tower leg angle was reduced to 4.03 mm, the maximum stress solved in the simulation exceeded the yield strength, with the tower already at risk of collapse owing to corrosion failure under extreme conditions of basic wind speed.

Originality/value

This study innovatively utilises transmission tower finite element models and experimental data from mechanical degradation experiments to quantify the relationship between corrosion thinning and the mechanical properties of Q355 steel, ensuring the effective assessment of the mechanical properties of corroded transmission towers.
Methods and value of storytelling for stakeholders in post-disaster tourism scenarios
Authors: Wright Daniel William Mackenzie , Ben Salah Manar
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The tourism sector continues to be an engine for economic growth for communities (Jenkins, 1980), and in post-disaster scenarios, destination can be overwhelmed with challenges, particularly for the local community. However, it is essential to seek the most effective path of recovery for individuals and communities. Gaps in contemporary post-disaster literature remain, as the focus often centres on infrastructure and economic developments (Cox and Perry, 2011). This paper aims to address such gaps by offering new ideas around the value of recovery focusing more on the victims, their stories and the role of tourism.

Design/methodology/approach

As a theoretical paper, the applied method is described as a convenient approach to data collection and analysis. The methodological reasoning is down to the selection and examination of sources used to establish new theoretical understandings. The study applies a pragmatic research approach to embrace the spectrum of views that are present within the constructivist and positivist. The pragmatic philosophical approach supports multi-disciplinary studies and ensures a more holistic consideration of social conditions is embraced.

Findings

This paper offers new knowledge and ideas for post-disaster recovery scenarios. It presents a model that incorporates a range of (traditional, digital and immersive) methods and platforms in which stories can be shared and presented. It argues that allowing victims to share stories in different formats could support rehabilitation while also providing stronger, powerful narratives for tourists, leading to more effective tourism experiences.

Originality/value

Disasters leave individuals and communities in devastation and with potentially lifelong trauma. In rehabilitation of victims is a vital ingredient to the recovery of a destination and its social fabric. This research offers new ideas around the use of digital technologies to generate stories of value that not only support victims of disasters but also offer visitors the opportunity to gain a deeper understanding of challenges and difficulties of dark places, often seen as a key part of the visitor experience and motive to places of tragedy.
Toward resilient development in rural area: some strategic recommendations based on contextual findings in Bhokardan Taluka, Jalna
Authors: Dsouza Marcella , Phadtare Anuradha , Vyas Swapnil S. , Shinde Yogesh , Jadhav Ajit
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to understand how climatic drivers of change will affect rural communities living in the hot semiarid region of Bhokardan Taluka of Jalna district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. In the context of the economic and social change they are experiencing, the concern is to evolve ways that enable them to cope with, adapt to and benefit from these challenges.

Design/methodology/approach

The focus of most of the climate change studies is on the short- to long-term trends of weather parameters such as rainfall, temperature and extreme weather events. The impact of climate variability and changing patterns on the local communities, the local economy, livelihoods and social life in specific geographies is less explored.

Findings

As the impacts of climatic and nonclimatic drivers of change are cross-sectoral, diverse, multidimensional, interlinked and dynamic, this study has adopted a transdisciplinary “research-in-use” approach involving multidisciplinary teams covering the aspects such as changes in land use and land cover, surface and groundwater status, edaphic conditions, crops and livestock, climate analysis including projected changes, socioeconomic analysis, people’s experience of climate variability and their current coping strategies and resilience (vulnerability) analysis of communities and various livelihood groups.

Research limitations/implications

The study was based on the peoples’ perspective and recommendation based on the local communities ability to cope up with climate change. However, a statistical analysis perspective is missing in the present study.

Originality/value

Based on these findings, a set of implementation-focused recommendations are made that are aimed at conserving and enhancing the resilience of the foundations that uphold and sustain the social and economic well-being of the rural communities in Bhokardan taluka, namely, land, water, agriculture, livestock, food and nutrition security, livelihoods, market access and social capital.
Motivations and behaviours of rural women entrepreneurs in Oman
Authors: Durrah Omar , Ghouse Suhail M. , Alkhalaf Taher
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to identify both intrinsic and extrinsic factors motivating rural women to participate in entrepreneurial activities in Oman. Specifically, it seeks to clarify which pull and push factors influence their decisions to engage in entrepreneurship.

Design/methodology/approach

Quantitative research was conducted with a sample of 183 women entrepreneurs in rural areas of Oman. Structural equation modelling (SEM) using SmartPLS software was employed to test the research hypotheses.

Findings

The results of the research highlight the positive impact of external motivations, such as financial needs and dissatisfaction with current employment, on the entrepreneurial behaviour of rural women in Oman. These external factors play a significant role in prompting women to initiate their own projects. Additionally, the study reveals that attitudes, such as self-efficacy and the perception of social support, significantly influence women entrepreneurs' adoption of self-employment.

Practical implications

These findings offer valuable insights into the concrete incentives driving women’s entrepreneurship in rural Oman. Policymakers can utilize these insights to develop initiatives aimed at promoting the social empowerment of rural Omani women and facilitating their active participation in economic ventures, thereby contributing to Oman’s development.

Originality/value

This study presents a novel framework for enhancing women’s entrepreneurship, offering insights into the motivations and barriers influencing women's participation in rural areas of Oman. By addressing gaps in existing literature, it contributes to a deeper understanding of the entrepreneurial dynamics among rural women in Oman.
Social-ecological resilience in extreme natural environments: a multiple case study of Arctic offshore supply ecosystems
Authors: Tsvetkova Antonina , Gammelgaard Britta
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to explore how operational resilience can be achieved within supply ecosystems in the delicate yet harsh natural environments of the Arctic.

Design/methodology/approach

An in-depth, multiple qualitative case study of offshore supply operations in Arctic oil and gas field projects is conducted. Data from semi-structured interviews, personal observations and archival materials are analysed through institutional work and logics approaches.

Findings

The findings suggest that achieving social-ecological resilience depends on the interaction between social and natural (irreversible) systems, which are shaped and influenced by various institutional dynamics. Different resilience solutions were detected.

Research limitations/implications

This study develops a comprehensive understanding of how social-ecological resilience emerges in supply ecosystems through institutional dynamics. The study’s empirical basis is limited to offshore oil and gas projects in the Arctic. However, due to anticipated future growth of Arctic economic activities, other types of supply ecosystems may benefit from the study’s results.

Originality/value

This research contributes with empirical knowledge about how social-ecological resilience is created through institutional interaction within supply ecosystems to prevent disruptions of both social and ecological ecosystems under the harsh natural conditions of the Arctic.
A fuzzy approach to determining antecedents to green cosmetic consumption in India
Authors: Srivastava Richa , Sanjeev M.A. , Gupta Srikant
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Heightened public concerns for the global environment due to human overexploitation have given rise to many green product initiatives by businesses. Green cosmetics (GC) are products developed and marketed based on ecological sustainability and have shown increasing consumer appeal worldwide. The current research investigates the antecedents of green cosmetics consumption among Indian GC users, hitherto un-investigated comprehensively.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is a cross-sectional pairwise comparison of green evaluation criteria for cosmetics using an expert panel of thirty Indian cosmetic users using a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (F-AHP) and investigate the impact of a comprehensive list of antecedents on the multi-criteria category consumption decision.

Findings

The study results indicate that perceived consumer effectiveness is the most critical factor for green cosmetics consumption in India, followed by brand trust, behavioural control, and environmental effectiveness. The least important factors are price and social norms.

Research limitations/implications

As the GC category is at nascent stage in India the investigation is limited to the GC category innovators – a set of people high in intellectual and financial resources. The study is also limited to women users as the male cosmetic market in the country is still very small.

Practical implications

The study results can help marketers in designing and implementing GC related marketing strategies to deliver higher customer value to the target segment. Academicians can use the study results for better prediction of category related behaviour of consumers.

Social implications

The study results will help promote GC category adoption and usage which can benefit the environment and consumer health.

Originality/value

The study contributes to literature and practice by assessing a comprehensive set of critical antecedents to GC adoption using a novel approach of F-AHP and an expert user panel. The study results offer insights to marketers that can be used to develop suitable strategies to convert non-GC users into GCs in India and similar markets, improving category penetration and benefitting marketers, retailers, users, and the environment.
Leadership style, change management and job performance of health information management practitioners in tertiary hospitals in South-East, Nigeria
Authors: Adeyemi Bashir Ademola , Ebegbetale Christopher Idemudia , Showemimo Ibrahim Olanrewaju
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Managing patients’ health information is one of the building blocks of the health system and the adoption of health information technologies like electronic health records (EHRs) is expected to reduce the various challenges in keeping and accessing quality health-care data that aid decision-making among medical practitioners. This study aims to investigate how leadership styles and change management affected the job performance of health information management practitioners on their adoption of EHRs in tertiary hospitals in Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used primary data collected using a Likert scale questionnaire from 117 health information management officers and health information technicians in selected tertiary hospitals in South-Eastern Nigeria. The data were analysed using bivariate correlation and multiple regression techniques of inferential statistics.

Findings

The analyses revealed that transformational leadership style, transactional leadership style and change management had significant positive influence on the job performance of health information management practitioners. However, laissez-faire leadership style did not show any significant positive influence. A further analysis showed that the combined effects of leadership styles and change management were also affirmed to significantly influence the adoption of EHRs for quality health-care delivery in Nigerian tertiary hospitals.

Originality/value

The study contributes to health information management and the need to understand how leadership styles and change management can influence the adoption of EHRs. However, there is no adequate research that examined the role of leadership style and change management in influencing the job performance of Nigerian HIM practitioners regarding their usage of EHRs in tertiary hospitals in Nigeria.
Leadership dynamics in nursing: a comparative study of paternalistic approaches in China and Pakistan
Authors: Safdar Samyia , Faiz Shazia , Mubarak Namra
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the impact of nurses’ paternalistic leadership style on performance, in the presence of underlying mechanisms, i.e. self-efficacy as a mediator in the high-power distance societies, namely, China and Pakistan, based on social exchange theory. Both healthcare sectors have seen several behavioral advancements in recent years. To improve things, even more, behavioral elements such as the influence of leadership styles, personality traits and so on have become more important. However, leadership styles, particularly paternalistic leadership, have received little attention in this field and need to be highlighted along with the mediating and moderating effects.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from public and private sector hospitals in China and Pakistan using a 6-week time lag technique. Firstly, 356 Chinese and 411 Pakistani nurses were surveyed about their perceptions of power distance, self-efficacy and paternalistic leadership. Their managers were called six weeks later for a dyadic response to provide feedback on nurses’ performance. For confirmatory factor analysis, AMOS 22 and for regression analysis, SPSS 22 was used.

Findings

According to the study's findings, nurses in both countries perform well when led by a paternalistic leader. Furthermore, self-efficacy explains the relationship between paternalistic leaders and nurses’ performance. The moderated-mediation result also supported the importance of power distance.

Originality/value

This study highlights the kind of nursing leadership which is beneficial in high-power-distance societies and leads to better performance. According to this research, paternalistic leadership improves nurses’ performance in both China and Pakistan. As a result, this study will be useful in high-power-distance societies, where hospital administrators can ensure that paternalism is implemented in leadership, thereby improving nurse performance.
Perceived risks and use of social media for COVID-19 information
Authors: Oh Sanghee , Syn Sue Yeon
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to examine the impact of perceived risks of COVID-19 and users’ intention to continually use social media for COVID-19 information, thereby revealing social media users’ perceptions and behaviors regarding the pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

The Health Belief Model was used to develop the research model. Data were collected from social media users in Korea using an online survey.

Findings

The findings showed that social media users’ intention to continually use social media for COVID-19 information explained 46.5% of the variance in their perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers. The degree of impact and relationships varied across the constructs. Two age groups were examined, and it transpired that perceived risks and perceived use were more highly recognized by young users than old users.

Research limitations/implications

This study focused on Korean social media users, providing valuable insights but limiting its generalizability. The proposed research model and methodology can include participants from various countries or cultures to enhance global relevance and diversified perspectives on how perceived risks impact social media use for health information.

Practical implications

This study’s findings can be used to provide tailored health information services to those with different levels of perceived risks, social media use, and different age groups.

Originality/value

This study adopted the Health Belief Model to understand users’ perceptions of COVID-19 information on social media and examined users’ intentions to continue using social media as a channel for COVID-19 information.
Does firm-level teamwork culture affect cash holdings?
Authors: Sinha Rajesh Kumar , Damle Harshali
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Prior literature on the cultural determinants of cash holdings focuses on time-invariant cultural variables measured at the geographical level. These measures of culture do not capture the firm-level variation in corporate culture. Using a validated time-variant measure of firm-level corporate culture, specifically teamwork, we examine the effect of teamwork on a firm's cash holdings.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, we explore the effect of corporate teamwork culture on firms' cash holdings. Using sudden CEO turnover as an exogenous shock to a firm's teamwork culture, we find teamwork increases cash holdings. Also, we test and find two channels—financial constraint and agency—and two new labour-related channels—human capital quality and labour inefficiency—through which teamwork culture affects cash holdings. Our results are robust to endogeneity tests.

Findings

We find that teamwork increases the cash holdings of firms. We find that a firm with a high teamwork culture has higher cash holdings: an increase of one standard deviation in teamwork leads to a 14.6% rise in the mean cash holdings.

Originality/value

To our knowledge, our study is the first to introduce the firm-level teamwork cultural construct as a determinant of cash holdings.
Multilayer polyester tire cord fabrics reinforced gamma irradiated SBR/devulcanized waste rubber: impact of fabric layers and devulcanization methods
Authors: Raslan Heba , El-Nemr Khaled , Ali Magdy , Hassan Medhat
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the influences of polyester fabric layers on the mechanical properties of SBR and devulcanized waste rubber composite materials, as well as the effect of gamma irradiation dose.

Design/methodology/approach

The devulcanized waste rubbers (DWR) were carried out by different methods. First, chemically, by two different reclaiming agents such as tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD) and 2-mercapto benzothiazole disulfide (MBTS). Secondary by a physical method like microwave (MW). The devulcanized rubbers were mixed with virgin styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) in different ratios, as follows: SBR-DWR (TMTD) 50 / 50, SBR-DWR (MBTS) 80 / 20 and SBR-DWR (MW) 80 / 20. A series of sandwich polyester tire cord fabrics were used as reinforcement for making SBR and devulcanized waste rubber composite materials and molded on a hot press into rubber sheet films, then subjected to gamma radiation at different doses ranging from 100 up to 200 kGy.

Findings

The experimental results indicate that increasing the layer number improves the mechanical properties of composites. The tensile strength, tearing, hardness and elastic modulus of the rubber composites increased with the rise of the fiber layers and by increasing the irradiation dose up to 200 kGy. The reclaiming agent TMTD gave the best results for mechanical properties, followed by MW and then MBTS.

Originality/value

This phenomenon can be detailed based on the fact that when the fiber-reinforced composites are subjected to loading, the fibers act as load carriers, depending on the population and orientation of the fibers. Also, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals that adhesion was caused by tire cord fabrics and rubber blend matrix.
Can digital transformation or metamorphosis alleviate staff shortages?
Authors: Enes Kemal
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study investigates the roles of technological development, artificial intelligence (AI), and robots in the catering business and their effects on the labor force and staff shortages.

Design/methodology/approach

The impact of AI, robots, and technological advancements on the labor force is outlined. Secondary sources and the results of interviews with two highly experienced experts were used to identify the transformation or metamorphosis that affects the staff situation during catering operations. This is an opinion paper that explains why it contains many of the authors’ observations and experiences.

Findings

Technological equipment and AI have been used frequently in catering operations, and robots are not grooved. In the near future, these tools could be part of a solution for the staff shortage because, with their help, less-skilled workers could be doing some of the job in the catering business.

Research limitations/implications

The study is written from a limited perspective because of its qualitative nature and the fact that it is shaped by expert opinions and the author's views. It is expected that conducting the same study with a larger number of experts operating in various fields on similar topics in the future will lead to more effective results.

Practical implications

This research character is an opinion paper and qualitative. This research aims to explain the use of artificial intelligence, technological advancements, and robots and to explore their impacts on the labor force based on the opinions of experts and the author. The data obtained are expected to be useful for future labor force planning in catering businesses.

Social implications

This study provides an exploratory framework regarding staff shortages in catering businesses and the integration of technology, AI and robots.

Originality/value

Based on a literature review, only a limited number of studies have been conducted on the use of technology, artificial intelligence, and robots in kitchens. None of these studies investigated their impact on the labor force. Therefore, this study is both original and valuable.
Analytical and numerical examinations on the stability investigation of Casson nanofluid flow in a permeable layer controlled by vertical throughflow
Authors: Mohamad A.M. , Yadav Dhananjay , Awasthi Mukesh Kumar , Ragoju Ravi , Bhattacharyya Krishnendu , Mahajan Amit
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The purpose of the study is to analytically as well as numerically investigate the weight of throughflow on the onset of Casson nanofluid layer in a permeable matrix. This study examines both the marginal and over stable kind of convective movement in the system.

Design/methodology/approach

A double-phase model is used for Casson nanofluid, which integrates the impacts of thermophoresis and Brownian wave, whereas for flow in the porous matrix the altered Darcy model is occupied under the statement that nanoparticle flux is disappear on the boundaries. The resultant eigenvalue problem is resolved analytically as well as numerically with the help of Galerkin process with the Casson nanofluid Rayleigh–Darcy number as the eigenvalue.

Findings

The findings revealed that the throughflow factor postpones the arrival of convective flow and reduces the extent of convective cells, whereas the Casson factor, the Casson nanoparticle Rayleigh–Darcy number and the reformed diffusivity ratio promote convective motion and also decrease the extent of convective cells.

Originality/value

Controlling the convective movement in heat transfer systems that generate high heat flux is a real mechanical challenge. The proposed framework proved that the use of throughflow is one of the most important ways to control the convective movement in Casson nanofluid. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no inspection has been established in the literature that studies the outcome of throughflow on the Casson nanofluid convective flow in a porous medium layer. However, the convective flow of Casson nanofluid finds many applications in improving heat transmission and energy efficiency in a range of thermal systems, such as the cooling of heat-generating elements in electronic devices, heat exchangers, pharmaceutical practices and hybrid-powered engines, where throughflow can play a significant role in controlling the convective motion.
Establishment of diagnostic model and identification of diagnostic markers between liver cancer and cirrhosis based on multi‐chip and machine learning
Authors: Yang Tianpeng , Huang Lu , He Jiale , Luo Lihong , Guo Weiting , Chen Huajian , Jiang Xinyue , Huang Li , Ma Shumei , Liu Xiaodong
Published: July 2024

Objective

Most cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arise as a consequence of cirrhosis. In this study, our objective is to construct a comprehensive diagnostic model that investigates the diagnostic markers distinguishing between cirrhosis and HCC.

Methods

Based on multiple GEO datasets containing cirrhosis and HCC samples, we used lasso regression, random forest (RF)‐recursive feature elimination (RFE) and receiver operator characteristic analysis to screen for characteristic genes. Subsequently, we integrated these genes into a multivariable logistic regression model and validated the linear prediction scores in both training and validation cohorts. The ssGSEA algorithm was used to estimate the fraction of infiltrating immune cells in the samples. Finally, molecular typing for patients with cirrhosis was performed using the CCP algorithm.

Results

The study identified 137 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and selected five significant genes (CXCL14, CAP2, FCN2, CCBE1 and UBE2C) to construct a diagnostic model. In both the training and validation cohorts, the model exhibited an area under the curve (AUC) greater than 0.9 and a kappa value of approximately 0.9. Additionally, the calibration curve demonstrated excellent concordance between observed and predicted incidence rates. Comparatively, HCC displayed overall downregulation of infiltrating immune cells compared to cirrhosis. Notably, CCBE1 showed strong correlations with the tumour immune microenvironment as well as genes associated with cell death and cellular ageing processes. Furthermore, cirrhosis subtypes with high linear predictive scores were enriched in multiple cancer‐related pathways.

Conclusion

In conclusion, we successfully identified diagnostic markers distinguishing between cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and developed a novel diagnostic model for discriminating the two conditions. CCBE1 might exert a pivotal role in regulating the tumour microenvironment, cell death and senescence.
Cone beam computed tomography and cross‐sectional anatomy of the region of the fetlock in the horse (Equus caballus)
Authors: Bierau Jonathan , Rott Patricia , Röcken Michael , Staszyk Carsten
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to delineate the detailed anatomy of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints in healthy horses using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The fetlock region of 15 cadaveric forelimbs and 14 cadaveric hindlimbs from nine adult horses without orthopaedic disease underwent CBCT scanning. Additionally, arthrography CBCT scans were conducted following intra‐articular injection of a radiopaque contrast medium containing blue epoxy resin dye. Subsequently, limbs were frozen and sectioned to visualize anatomical structures in sectional planes corresponding to selected CBCT images. CBCT proved suitable for detailed visualization of the bony components of the fetlock region. Furthermore, the common digital extensor tendon, superficial and deep digital flexor tendons, suspensory ligament, and straight and oblique sesamoidean ligaments were identifiable on CBCT images. However, certain ligaments, such as the collateral sesamoidean ligaments and intersesamoidean ligaments, were not clearly identified. The hyaline cartilage of the MCP and MTP joint facets was assessable on the post‐contrast sequence. In cases where a radiographic or ultrasound examination cannot provide a definitive diagnosis and determine the extent of disease, CBCT can provide additional valuable data on the equine MCP and MTP joint. The images obtained in this study can serve as a reference for CBCT examination of the equine MCP and MTP joint.
Bill shape variation in selected species in birds of prey
Authors: Çakar Buket , Bulut Eren Çağatay , Kahvecioglu Oya , Günay Ebuderda , Ruzhanova‐Gospodinova Iliana Stefanova , Szara Tomasz
Published: July 2024

At the top of many ecosystems, raptors, also known as birds of prey, hold major influence. They shape their surroundings through their powerful hunting skills and complex interactions with their environment. This study investigates the beak morphology of four prominent raptor species, Golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), Common buzzard (Buteo buteo), Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) and Common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus), found in Türkiye. By employing geometric morphometric methods, we investigate shape variations in the beaks of these species to unravel the adaptive significance of their cranial structures. This analysis reveals distinct beak morphologies among the studied raptors, reflecting adaptations to their feeding habits, hunting techniques and ecological niches. The results from Principal component analysis and Canonical variate analysis demonstrate significant differences in beak morphology between the Falconiformes and Accipitriformes clades, as well as among all three groups. The overall mean beak shapes of Golden Eagles are quite similar to Common Buzzards, with both species having longer beaks. In contrast, Falcons exhibit a distinctly different beak morphology, characterized by wider and shorter beaks. Changes in beak shape can lead to changes depending on the skull. It is thought that skull shape variations among predator families may have an impact on beak shape. These findings highlight the importance of integrating morphometric analyses with ecological insights to enhance our understanding of the evolutionary processes shaping raptor beak morphology.