bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING PATH OF MOBILE ROBOT BASED ON EVENT-DRIVEN PROCESS
Authors: HUANG Z. Y.
Published: March 2021

Event-driven process chain is an important method for path flow and system optimization in the process of robot dynamic planning path research. Path planning is an important part of robot research. The path planning problem and the path optimization planning problem of the robot in the dynamic environment are explored deeply in this paper based on the event-driven process chain perspective and the actual needs of the research project. Therefore, it uses the event-driven process chain method to optimize the path according to the original process and existing requirements based on the concept of event-driven process chain. A dynamic path planning model under event-driven process chain is constructed, and then the function, user and permission, code, input and output, and security of industrial robot system are optimized.
EVALUATION OF ANTIFUNGAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME NEW BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES
Authors: ZOMORODIAN K. , KHABNADIDEH S. , ZAMANI L. , PAKSHIR K. , TAJADDOD M.
Published: March 2021

The extensive use of antifungal drugs and their resistance against fungal infections have led to discover new antimicrobial compounds. We previously described synthesis of some new derivatives of 2-methylbenzimidazole (1a-5a) and 5,6dimethylbenzimidazol (1b-5b). Here we evaluated the antimicrobial activities of these compounds against different species of micro organisms including gram positive and gram negative bacteria as well as fungi. Broth micro-dilution method as recommended by clinical and laboratory standard institute (CLSI) was used for this purpose. The results show compounds 2-Methyl-1-(3-methylbenzyl)-1H-benzo [d]imidazole (5a) and 5,6-Dimethyl-1-(3-methyl benzyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (5b) had the best antifungal activity against the examined fungi and gram positive bacteria. Moreover these two compounds inhibited the growth of azole resistant strains. By comparison the relationship between the structures and activities of the tested compounds revealed that the presence of methyl residue in meta position of benzyl group enhance the antifungal activity. Regarding a broad spectrum antifungal activities of some of the tested compounds, they might be a good candidate for further in vivo studies to evaluate their pharmacological activity and toxicity as a novel antifungal agents.
Internal Audit Function Quality and Audit Committees’ Practices: Survey Evidence from Jordan
Authors: Al Sawalqa Fawzi Ata , Qtish Atala
Published: March 2021

The current study examines the extent to which audit committees comply with the requirements of corporate governance in Jordan and describes the current status of internal audit function. In addition, the study examines empirically the relationship between the internal audit quality and the compliance of audit committees with the governance requirements. The results from 49 respondents indicate that audit committees comply with the requirement of corporate governance and no significant difference is found in such compliance due to sector. In addition, the internal audit quality attributes are met among Jordanian companies to a considerable extent. Further, the independence and objectivity dimension of internal audit quality has a positive and significant relationship with the compliance of audit committees with governance requirements. Internal audit competence and due professional care have no significant relationship with audit committees compliance. One important implication of the current study is the development of a scale to measure the compliance level of audit committees with the governance requirements that can be used by both academics and decision-makers in firms.
Bildeboken "Fy katte!" – en utforskningsarena for emosjonell literacy? Litterære samtaler på førstetrinn
Authors: Tysvær Aasfrid , Ottesen Siri Hovda
Published: March 2021

Artikkelen ser nærmere på hvordan høytlesing og felles utforskning av en bildebok på førstetrinn kan bidra til elevenes emosjonelle literacy. Artikkelforfatterne har observert og analysert to høytlesingsøkter med bildeboken Fy Katte! av Viermyr og Granhaug. Boken tematiserer følelser og relasjoner, valg og verdier, og har et komplekst samspill mellom tekst og bilder som inviterer til fortolkning. Vi undersøker elevenes responser og hvordan lærer leder den litterære samtalen. Funnene ses i lys av teori om hvordan bildebøker i særlig grad kan bidra til emosjonell literacy, samt teori om klassesamtalen generelt og den litterære samtalen spesielt. Vi finner at bildeboken kan være en god utforskningsarena for både grunnleggende og sosiale følelser, men at lærers rolle som samtaleleder er avgjørende.
Comedy Gold: Humor on the Alaska-Yukon Border, 1886-1896
Authors: Petrakos Christopher
Published: March 2021

This article sketches a rough outline of ways humor and laughter were used in setting social boundaries along the Alaska-Yukon border in the decade before the Klondike gold rush (1896-1900). It maintains that humor possessed an extraordinary capacity to both collapse and sustain social hierarchies on the frontier—establishing in and out groups in the absence of any “official” state or national authority in the Far North, drawing on Mikhail Bakhtin's Rabelais and His World as a theoretical framework to analyze humor's capacity to establish togetherness and otherness. Frontiersmen, this article suggests, harnessed the leveling power of humor to create in-groups while deploying it against Indians and Black Americans to define otherness.
The Pleasure of the Parlor: Mocking the “Home Guard” in Civil War Visual Culture
Authors: Schulman Vanessa Meikle
Published: March 2021

Responses to the formation of home guards in the Civil War North used a humorous visual vocabulary that played off the gender expectations of prewar periodical, literary, and artistic culture. Humorists and artists made fun of the men who chose to stay at home by linking them with the feminine space of the parlor. Using a painting by Thomas Hicks titled The Home Guard, along with other war-era images of home guards, this article argues that the satire lampooning home guards as weak and cowardly was dependent on codes of gender that stressed masculine action. These images used the home front as the de facto location of gendered struggles during war, responding to perceptions that men tied to domestic spaces were feminized. The home guard and other more clearly satirical images of men who stayed at home suggest that a generation of men had been raised to be pampered by feminine protectors. Hicks mocks certain men who chose to stay at home and not fight during the war; his work exposes gendered assumptions that reveal postwar concerns about traditional masculinity. Together, these works suggest a shift in understandings of gender and the fear of a feminized culture in the aftermath of the war.
El impacto de las producciones filosóficas y teórico/epistemológicas en la constitución de la disciplina
Authors: González-Saibene Alicia
Published: March 2021

Este artículo tiene como objetivo trabajar la relación de la filosofía y la epistemología con el trabajo social, asumiendo una lectura genealógica de su devenir que nos permitirá poner en evidencia sus puntos de contacto y sus divergencias. Se presenta un análisis crítico de las posiciones más actuales sobre las producciones de Mary Richmond, reflexionando respecto de sus influencias, sus aportes y sus posicionamientos, preguntándonos ¿cuál es la conexión entre estas miradas, interpretativas, y las posiciones epistémicas más positivistas/funcionalistas del trabajo social, o incluso las orientadas hacia el marxismo/dialéctica, en tanto que estos dos enfoques han sido, en períodos diferentes, hegemónicos en la profesión/disciplina? Para elaborar esta discusión, hacemos referencia a otro campo disciplinar: los aportes de Ferdinand de Saussure para la lingüística estructural, y, por otro lado, el psicoanálisis. Estas perspectivas nos permiten considerar al lenguaje como principio ordenador y evidenciar la emergencia y actualidad del enfoque interpretativo. Planteamos esta lectura justamente porque consideramos que al trabajo social le ha costado, y le cuesta, incluirse en esta perspectiva, pese a las arraigadas tradiciones tanto técnico-instrumentales como teórico-epistémicas que abogan o promulgan la importancia de la interpretación. El final del texto abre a nuevas interrogantes, antes que a respuestas formalmente elaboradas. El punto de apertura y cierre, en espiral, es la reflexividad y la crítica.
Reimbursement for Orthopaedic Surgeries in Commercial and Public Payors: A Race to the Bottom
Authors: Wang Kevin Y. , Margalit Adam , Thakkar Savyasachi C. , Hsu Nigel N. , Srikumaran Uma , Ficke James R. , Jain Amit
Published: March 2021

Introduction:

The purpose of this study was to compare surgeon professional fee reimbursement and trends from Medicare versus commercial payors for inpatient orthopaedic surgeries: total knee arthroplasty (TKA), total hip arthroplasty (THA), total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA), anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion (ACDF), and posterior lumbar fusion (PLF).

Methods:

Patients undergoing TKA, THA, TSA, single-level ACDF, and single-level PLF from 2010 to 2018 were queried in a commercially insured claims database. Medicare reimbursements and the work relative value unit (wRVU) of each procedure were obtained from the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule. All costs were adjusted for inflation and reported in 2018 real dollars. Compound annual growth rates were calculated to assess the mean growth rate for each procedure. Linear regression was done to assess trends.

Results:

On average, payments from Medicare were 57% less than payments from commercial payors. From 2010 to 2018, both Medicare and commercial payments decreased significantly for each surgery (P < 0.05 for all). Compared with inflation-adjusted commercial payments, Medicare payments decreased 2.1 times faster for TKA (−2.1% versus −1.0%), 2.8 times faster for THA (−1.4% versus −0.5%), 1.3 times faster for TSA (−1.0% versus −0.8%), and 1.9 times faster for ACDF (−1.1% versus −0.6%). PLF was the only procedure for which Medicare payments declined slower than commercial payments (−0.6% versus −1.21%). Medicare payments per wRVU markedly declined for TKA (−0.83%), THA (−0.80%), TSA (−0.75%), and ACDF (−1.10%), whereas commercial payments per wRVU for those surgeries showed no notable change. For PLF, there was a notable decrease in both Medicare (−0.63%) and commercial (−1.21%) payments per wRVU.

Conclusion:

Over the past decade, both commercial and Medicare surgeon payments for commonly performed inpatient orthopaedic surgeries decreased markedly, with Medicare payments decreasing an average of 1.5 times faster than commercial payments. The impact of declining reimbursements on access and quality of care merits additional investigation.
Analysis of unit costs at the Polish international truck freight transport companies in 2019 - eastern markets
Authors: Zysińska Małgorzata , Kamińska Ewa , Menes Maciej
Published: March 2021

The article represents the next part of the periodical publications of the Department of Economic Research in the field of cost analysis of the Polish international freight transport companies. It summarises and makes comparative assessments of the average unit costs of these companies for the 2019 in relation to the results of the previous period. The survey involved carriers operating on the Eastern markets. The article presents the statistical characteristics of the entities surveyed, taking into account their size, determined based on the number of the fleet’s heavy goods vehicles operated. It also shows how, the average costs of one vehicle-kilometre (veh-km) of mileage for a truck above 12.0 Mg GVW, are shaped, according to the size of the companies and taking into account the destinations of transport. The generic costs structure of the companies examined, has also been analysed. Presented in the tabular and graphic form is the evolution of unit costs for both 2019 and the whole 2009-2019 period.
Queries Processing in Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Abbassi Kamel , Ezzedine Tahar
Published: March 2021

For the super-excellence applications used to control the water level in rivers, temperature handles a very large volume of information and does not stop constantly changing. These spatio-temporal data collected by a network of sensors form a set of thematic, integrated, non-volatile and historical data organized to help decision-making. Usually this process is performed with temporal, spatial and spatiotemporal queries. This in turn increases the execution time of the query load. In the literatures, several techniques have been identified such as materialized views (MV), indexes, fragmentation, scheduling, and buffer management. These techniques do not consider the update of the request load and the modification at the database level. In this chapter, we propose an optimal dynamic selection solution based on indexes and VMs. the solution is optimal when it meets the entire workload with a reasonable response time. The proposed approach supports modification at the database level and at the workload level to ensure the validity of the optimal solution for this the knapsack algorithm was used.
Use of Exoskeletons in the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Paraplegia Patients
Authors: Martiñón Susana , Hernández-Miramontes Ricardo
Published: March 2021

This chapter presents a review that includes five robotic exoskeletons used in the rehabilitation of paraplegic patients, highlighting the qualities of each one and offering the doctor and the rehabilitator a tool to select the exoskeleton that is most appropriate to the needs of their patient and a more satisfying and integral therapy. A systematic search was carried out in different platforms of scientific interest, the publications that met the inclusion criteria were selected. The information collected was classified and synthesized, resulting in a review that covers the five most relevant exoskeletons for the rehabilitation of paraplegic patients. Concluding with a tool that helps the therapist select the most appropriate exoskeleton for each patient.
Reality of Mitogenome Investigation in Preservation of Native Domestic Sheep Breeds
Authors: Gáspárdy András
Published: March 2021

This chapter deals with the study of extranuclear hereditary material and the possibilities of using it to maintain endangered animal breeds. The chapter characterizes mtDNA, presents its genes and their functions, while also emphasizing the hypervariable control region. It reports on the results of previous researches, referring to international publications. It sheds light on promising areas of mitogenomic research. It shows the maternal genetic background of local native varieties according to the results of the study of available country/geographical region. It deals with reasons for endangerment and the arguments for preservation of autochthonous breeds. In addition, it gives place to discuss some exciting professional concepts in rare breed preservation.
Long-Term Behavior of Coarse-Grained Rockfill Material and Their Constitutive Modeling
Authors: Bauer Erich
Published: March 2021

For the long-term behavior and safety assessment of rockfill dams, not only the shape of the dam body, the loading history, the geological condition of the dam foundation and abutments, the assessment of possible seismic hazards and seepage events caused by defects of the sealing are important, but also the time dependent mechanical behavior of the dam materials used can be of significant influence. In this paper a novel hypoplastic constitutive model for moisture sensitive, coarse-grained rockfill materials is presented. In the constitutive equations, the so-called solid hardness is a key parameter to reflect the influence of the state of weathering on the mechanical response. With respect to the evolution equation for the solid hardness, creep and stress relaxation can be modeled for dry and wet states of the material in a unified manner. The performance of the model is demonstrated by comparing the numerical simulation with experimental data.
Control Strategy for Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) Population
Authors: Gabriela Barbosa de Souza Taiana , José de Arruda Eduardo , Antônio Borges Gomes Raphael , Martins Machado Alex , Pancrácio de Souza Antônio
Published: March 2021

The mosquito Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae), is adapted to different environments, mainly urban ones. They have a high degree of vectorial competence for viral diseases, especially Dengue, the arbovirus with the highest number of cases in the world. The adaptive ability of this insect and the abundance of breeding sites have undermined attempts at population’s control, resulting in a high degree of infestation in many regions of the world, resulting in a Dengue endemic. It is important to understand the different nuances of the insect in order to understand the adaptive capacity of this vector, through the knowledge of his behavior, to propose new strategies and engagement of population in proactive actions that allow the population control of this vector, especially in periods of greater proliferation. This chapter discusses population control strategies, in different scenarios and carried out by different researchers, mainly in Brazil.
Successful Premium Multifocal IOL Surgery: Key Issues and Pearls
Authors: Xu Chen
Published: March 2021

Premium multifocal IOLs are a popular option for cataract or presbyopia patients today. Patients can achieve high levels of success and satisfaction after these advanced technology IOLs implantation. However, adequate preoperative clinical evaluation including patient selection, optical and anatomical examination is crucial to reach a success case. Based on the preoperative diagnosis including the corneal astigmatism, biometry measurement, IOL power calculation, presbyopia correcting IOLs’ indications and contraindications should be assessed for IOL selection strategy. Surgical procedure should be technically optimized to achieve the best outcomes. Adequate management of both satisfied and unsatisfied patients will improve the benefit of current premium IOLs.
How Philosophizing the Dialogos Way Can Promote Education for Sustainable Development
Authors: Hæreid Marcussen Eirik , Weiss Michael , Hansen Helskog Guro
Published: March 2021

This paper is an inquiry into an action research process in which staff from a combined vocational and academic upper secondary school philosophized “The Dialogos Way” together, as part of ongoing curriculum reforms in Norway. Some teachers were also trained in facilitating such dialogs with their students. Since sustainable development is one of three interdisciplinary topics now supposed to run through all subjects at all educational levels, our chosen action inquiry research question in this paper reads as follows: How can training teachers in philosophizing the Dialogos Way promote attitudes and skills required for dialogic learning-and-teaching, and how can this form of learning-and-teaching support education for sustainable development? Using teachers’ and students’ meta-reflection notes as data, the authors find that the Dialogos approach offers a fruitful way of integrating sustainable development issues in the curriculum.
Natural Products for Salmonellosis: Last Decade Research
Authors: Jannet Ruiz-Pérez Nancy , Sánchez-Navarrete Jaime , D. Toscano-Garibay Julia
Published: March 2021

Salmonellosis is a disease of great relevance in terms of public health given the economic and social impact that causes both in developing and highly industrialized countries. Due to its transmission mechanism, it affects hundreds or thousands of people every year and is considered an acute disease of worldwide distribution. Causative agent of salmonellosis is salmonella specie which are small gram-negative bacilli and facultative intracellular pathogen of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Multidrug resistance is reported more frequently in strains of salmonella, raising the necessity of new strategies to combat its spread and to treat the disease. Natural products (NPs) derived from traditional medicine knowledge have become an important resource to this end. In this chapter, we present a summary of information published from 2010 to 2020, as a sample of the potentiality of NPs as agents for Salmonellosis. This search was not exhaustive, rather, we aim to obtain a random sample of information using the simplest terms on the matter of natural products for salmonellosis, hopefully, as a reference source for interested researchers.
Early Recognition and Management of Small Bowel Perforation
Authors: Yusuf Afaque Md. , Rehman Noha , Amjad Ali Rizvi S. , Ahmed Meraj
Published: March 2021

Enteroscopy has a procedure-related perforation rate from less than 1% to 6.5%. It seems to be higher in therapeutic enteroscopy, especially polypectomy of large polyps, and in patients who have altered surgical anatomy. Early recognition is life-saving and studies have shown that if surgery is done within 12 hours of perforation the prognosis is better. In a patient who has undergone small bowel endoscopy the diagnosis of small bowel perforation should be suspected if the patient has acute pain in the abdomen. Early diagnosis should be the goal with prompt surgical correction.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Related to Wood and Other Biomass Smoke: A Different Phenotype or Specific Diseases?
Authors: A. Torres-Duque Carlos , Severiche-Bueno Felipe , González-García Mauricio
Published: March 2021

Around 41% of the world’s population continue using solid fuels, including wood and other types of biomass, for cooking or heating their homes. Long-term indoor exposure to wood smoke, and biomass smoke in general, is a risk factor for developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In some regions of the world, biomass exposure is a more frequent cause of COPD than exposure to cigarette smoke. Recently it has been described notable differences between COPD associated with wood smoke (WS-COPD) and that caused by tobacco smoking (TS-COPD): significantly less emphysema and more airway inflammation in WS-COPD. Recognizing these differences, some authors have suggested that WS-COPD should be considered a new COPD phenotype. This chapter summarizes the differences between WS-COPD and TS-COPD. The information about the characteristics of COPD caused by other types of biomass fuels, different from wood, is very scarce. Accepting that the smoke derived from wood burning and tobacco smoking have some differences (etiology), the inhalation patterns are different (pathogenesis) and the physiopathological mechanisms they induce may also differ, we analyze if the disease caused by indoor chronic exposure to wood smoke should be considered as another COPD phenotype or a distinct nosological entity.
Intentional Teaching: Building Resiliency and Trauma-Sensitive Cultures in Schools
Authors: Scannell Christian
Published: March 2021

In a time where many students and their families are grappling with uncertainties and educators are faced with uniquely complex challenges in the delivery of effective instruction, the ability to create educational communities that respond to the needs of all learners is crucial. There is increasing emergence of technology and pedagogy that have facilitated connections to the classroom never seen before. Yet, educators and school communities need to respond to this time of uncertainty with the lens of trauma sensitive instruction, the creation of meaningful teacher-student relationships, and building the resilience necessary for students to thrive in the ever-shifting landscape of education. This descriptive paper explores strategies for implementation including creating safe spaces for learning, addressing disparities in learning opportunities, preventing academic disruption, and using a proactive approach to address stress and trauma in the classroom. The multitude of teaching modalities available has paved the way for a transition to fluid education but the need to do so with intentionality cannot be ignored. The transition to remote and hybrid learning may change the landscape of education forever, and with it comes the responsibility to ensure high expectations for student success are balanced with compassion, and rigidity is replaced with flexibility.
Elimination ofPlasmodium vivaxMalaria: Problems and Solutions
Authors: Cui Liwang , Brashear Awtum , Menezes Lynette , Adams John
Published: March 2021

Malaria is caused by multiple parasitic species of the genus Plasmodium. Although P. falciparum accounts for the highest mortality, P. vivax is the most geographically dispersed and the most common species outside of Africa. Several unique biological features make P. vivax less responsive to conventional control measures and allow it to persist even after elimination of P. falciparum. The ability of P. vivax to develop in diverse vectors at lower ambient temperatures bestows it a greater distribution range and resilience to ecological changes. Its tropism for reticulocytes often causes low-density infections below the levels detectable by routine diagnostic tests, demanding the development of more sensitive diagnostics. P. vivax produces gametocytes early enabling transmission before the manifestation of clinical symptoms, thus emphasizing the need for an integrated vector control strategy. More importantly, its dormant liver stage which engenders relapse is difficult to diagnose and treat. The deployment of available treatments for the liver hypnozoites, including primaquine and the recent U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved tafenoquine, requires point-of-care diagnostics to detect glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency among endemic human populations. Here we review the continued challenges to effectively control P. vivax and explore integrated technologies and targeted strategies for the elimination of vivax malaria.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Initial Psychological Responses by Bangladeshi People
Authors: Ahmed Oli , Zahir Ahmed Md , Aibao Zhou , Mia Sohan , Arif Uddin Khan Md
Published: March 2021

The present study was aimed to investigate the causes of COVID-19 worry and its effect on initial behaviors that observed in early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in Bangladesh. In the online survey, participants’ were asked about normative concerns, COVID-19 worry, initial behaviors, and the neuroticism personality trait. Results of the study demonstrated that (i) higher normative concerns and neurotic trait were predictors of higher COVID-19 worry; and (ii) higher normative concerns and COVID-19 worry significant predictors of buying preparatory materials, higher worry for postponing travel plan, and higher worry and neuroticism for purchasing daily commodities more than usual and difficulties in concentration.
Tradeoff Attacks on Symmetric Ciphers
Authors: Kara Orhun
Published: March 2021

Tradeoff attacks on symmetric ciphers can be considered as the generalization of the exhaustive search. Their main objective is reducing the time complexity by exploiting the memory after preparing very large tables at a cost of exhaustively searching all the space during the precomputation phase. It is possible to utilize data (plaintext/ciphertext pairs) in some cases like the internal state recovery attacks for stream ciphers to speed up further both online and offline phases. However, how to take advantage of data in a tradeoff attack against block ciphers for single key recovery cases is still unknown. We briefly assess the state of art of tradeoff attacks on symmetric ciphers, introduce some open problems and discuss the security criterion on state sizes. We discuss the strict lower bound for the internal state size of keystream generators and propose more practical and fair bound along with our reasoning. The adoption of our new criterion can break a fresh ground in boosting the security analysis of small keystream generators and in designing ultra-lightweight stream ciphers with short internal states for their usage in specially low source devices such as IoT devices, wireless sensors or RFID tags.
Antioxidant and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Çalişkan Betül , Cengiz Çalişkan Ali
Published: March 2021

Antioxidants are compounds that eliminate oxidative stress in biological systems. Oxidative stress is caused by various radicals formed in the system as a result of oxygen entering the biological system. Structures with unpaired electron are either free radicals or radical ions. Antioxidants neutralize free radicals or radical ions due to the unpaired electron in their structure. The radical ions formed as a result of oxidation is removed from the system without damaging the biological system with the effect of antioxidants. There are many free radicals and radical ions. Among these radical groups are radical ions formed by oxygen which are important for biological systems. Antioxidants are responsible for the destruction of such radicals.
Tectonic stress in the structures of the Northern Priokhotie (Magadan region) according to geological data
Authors: Kondratyev M. N.
Published: March 2021

Tectonic fracturing of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic structures was studied in the Northern Priokhotie (Magadan region). The cataclastic analysis method and the statistical method of fracture density analysis were used to reconstruct their state of stress. It is revealed that the folded structures of the Arman’-Viliga synclinorium are subjected to horizontal shearing; the axis of maximum compression is sublatitudinal (azimuth 67°, angle 12°); extension is submeridional (azimuth 161°, angle 19°). In the Uda-Murgal volcanic arc, horizontal extension with shear takes place; the compression axis is directed to NW (azimuth 259°, angle 29°), and the extension axis to NE (azimuth 152°, angle 26°). In the Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanogenic belt, volcanic structures are in the field of varying tectonic stresses, from predominant horizontal extension to horizontal shear. The Cenozoic intermontane depressions of the Miocene – Pliocene ages are subjected to horizontal shear; the compression axis is directed to NE (azimuth 214°, angle 29°), and the extension axis to NW (azimuth 121°, angle 4°). The results of the comparative analysis of the stress states in the above-mentioned areas reliably show that the diversity of the stress state types is statistically related to the structural positions of the studies sites. Such diversity cannot be explained by an influence of active faults, or by any consecutive superposition of deformations at different stages, despite the fact that the deformations have complicated the observed pattern of the stress states. We conclude that each subsequent geodynamic stage only introduced additional elements into the previous structure, but did not completely transform it.
Chorological highlight news for vascular flora of Andalusia (South Spain), V
Authors: Fuentes Julián , Segura José Manuel , Gutiérrez Leonardo , Cueto Miguel , Vílchez Jesús , López Antonio
Published: March 2021

Se aportan 36 citas de plantas vasculares pertenecientes a 28 taxones herborizados en Andalucía (Sur de España), especialmente en su parte más oriental, que suponen novedades corológicas destacables.

36 citations of vascular plants belonging to 28 collected taxa are provided in Andalusia (southern Spain), especially in its eastern part, which represent remarkable chorological novelties.
On the presence of Puccinellia pungens (Pau) Paunero (Gramineae) in Murcia (Spain)
Authors: López-García David , Cánovas José Luis , Jiménez Juan Francisco , Robles Jesús , Sánchez Gómez Pedro
Published: March 2021

Se da a conocer una cita novedosa de Puccinellia pungens en la Región de Murcia. Además, se comentan diversos aspectos sobre la evolución de la población, amenazas y estado de conservación.

New chorological data for Puccinellia pungens in the Region of Murcia are presented. Furthermore, several aspects regarding the evolution of the population, threats and state of conservation are discussed.
Rebuilding Central Park
Authors: Rogers Elizabeth Barlow
Published: March 2021

Illustrated throughout with 2-color and tinted maps and drawings and numerous photographs, Rebuilding Central Park is the first close examination of these invaluable 843 acres in more than a century.

Central Park's legacy is unique. It was America's first great open space designed specifically for public use, inspiring the creation of hundreds of other municipal parks across the nation and spawning the profession of landscape architecture in the United States. This plan for the restoration, conservation, and management of the Park is the most comprehensive program of research, restoration, and management ever applied to a great historic landscape. It is significant in its broad concept of curatorship and provides a model for approaching and carrying out any work of scenic restoration; several of the projects it advocates to reverse the Park's steady decline are in progress or have already been completed.

Illustrated throughout with 2-color and tinted maps and drawings and numerous photographs, Rebuilding Central Park is the first close examination of these invaluable 843 acres in more than a century. It unfolds a masterful design and management plan to overcome the effects of years of city budget cuts, natural aging, and human use and abuse.The book opens with a discussion of the principles and philosophy of the original design by Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux and a history of the Park's management. It assesses the Park's distinct but interrelated systems - circulation, topography, vegetation, and wildlife - and presents a sector-by-sector analysis of 21 project areas. Problems and their causes are discussed on every level as are proposals for solving them.

Sections of the book take up the restoration of such historic structures as the cast-iron bridges, stone arches and Victorian Gothic Belvedere and Dairy, which were features of the original Olmsted design; and the conservation of such varied landscapes as the Ramble, the East Meadow, the Great Hill, and Strawberry Fields. Maps reveal the kinds and pace of park activities, patterns of circulation - drives, paths, trails, lighting and visitor amenities - ground plans, vegetation, and historic and present tree canopy as well as the Park rebuilt. There are many recommendations, including recommendations for maintenance and security. A separate chapter describes the methodology used for approaching and carrying out this, and any other, major work of landscape restoration.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of habitat suitability for the Ethiopian staple crop, Eragrostis tef (teff), under changing climate
Authors: Zewudie Dinka , Ding Wenguang , Rong Zhanlei , Zhao Chuanyan , Chang Yapeng
Published: March 2021

Teff (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) is a staple, ancient food crop in Ethiopia. Its growth is affected by climate change, so it is essential to understand climatic effects on its habitat suitability in order to design countermeasures to ensure food security. Based on the four Representative Concentration Pathway emission scenarios (i.e., RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5) set by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), we predicted the potential distribution of teff under current and future scenarios using a maximum entropy model (Maxent). Eleven variables were selected out of 19, according to correlation analysis combined with their contribution rates to the distribution. Simulated accuracy results validated by the area under the curve (AUC) had strong predictability with values of 0.83–0.85 for current and RCP scenarios. Our results demonstrated that mean temperature in the coldest season, precipitation seasonality, precipitation in the cold season and slope are the dominant factors driving potential teff distribution. Proportions of suitable teff area, relative to the total study area were 58% in current climate condition, 58.8% in RCP2.6, 57.6% in RCP4.5, 59.2% in RCP6.0, and 57.4% in RCP8.5, respectively. We found that warmer conditions are correlated with decreased land suitability. As expected, bioclimatic variables related to temperature and precipitation were the best predictors for teff suitability. Additionally, there were geographic shifts in land suitability, which need to be accounted for when assessing overall susceptibility to climate change. The ability to adapt to climate change will be critical for Ethiopia’s agricultural strategy and food security. A robust climate model is necessary for developing primary adaptive strategies and policy to minimize the harmful impact of climate change on teff.
Effectiveness of Ultrasonography and Fluoroscopy as a Therapeutic Imaging Modality in the Management of Lumbar Facet Arthropathy: A Prospective Interventional Study
Authors: Gulati Rachit , Mukherjee Ushnish , Gupt Sandeep Kumar , Mandal Pankaj Kumar
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Lumbar zygopophyseal joint arthropathy is one of the most common causes of low back pain in adults. Historically, C-arm/Fluoroscopy has served as an image guidance tool in intra-articular facet joint injections, however, now ultrasound guidance is also a viable option. Aim: To compare ultrasonography (USG) and fluoroscopy as therapeutic imaging modalities on the basis of time taken for intervention, Visual Analogue Score (VAS) for pain and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) at 2, 4 and 12 weeks. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective interventional study done with 62 patients who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly allocated into two groups. Groups were compared on the basis of time taken for intervention, VAS for pain and ODI at 2, 4 and 12 weeks. Independent sample student t-test/Mann-Whitney U test was applied. Confidence Interval (CI) was taken as 95% and p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Ultrasound group had mean age of 37.75 years (range, 23-55 years) while that of Fluoroscopy group was 40.05 years (range, 20-54 years). Ultrasonography group was quicker by about 135 seconds (2 minutes and 15 seconds) which was statistically significant but there was statistically no difference between the two groups in terms of VAS and ODI at 2 weeks (p=0.107 and 0.893, respectively), 4 weeks (p=0.383 and 0.408, respectively) and 12 weeks (p=0.343 and 0.777, respectively) at 95% CI. Conclusion: Both groups showed significant improvement in pain and disability after 2, 4 and 12 weeks however there were no significant differences in pain and functional improvement between USG guided transverse view and fluoroscopy guided intra-articular lumbar facet joint injection. Therefore, USG guided transverse approach is quicker, feasible and minimises exposure of radiation to patient as well as interventionist
Development and Standardization of Scale to Measure Role of Farm Women towards Natural Resource Management Activities
Authors: Singh Neha , Sareen Neena
Published: March 2021

Natural resources are important for human beings to sustain life on earth. However, continuous use of natural resources by the human beings, had affected the earth. There is need to manage our natural resources to improve the sustainability of the natural resources. Women have always come to forward to conserve and protect natural resources because they are the primary users of natural resources traditionally as well as modern. In this paper, A scale has been developed and standardized that can be used to measure the role of farm women towards natural resource management activities. The scale was developed by using the technique of “Scale Product Method” which combines the Thurston’s technique of equal appearing interval scale for selection of the items and Likert’s technique of summated rating for ascertaining the response on the scale. A total of 78 Natural Resource Management (NRM) activities were selected. Based on Scale (median) value and Q value, 72 Natural Resource Management (NRM) was selected to measure the role of farm women towards natural resource management activities. The co-efficient of reliability was calculated by the Rulon’s formula i.e. 0.81 and the content validity was observed thoroughly. The reliability and validity of the scale indicate its consistency and precision of the results. This scale can be used to measure the role of farm women in natural resource management activities.
Non-linear Stability in Transitional and Rotatory Regime of the Cooking of Gari, Food Based on Cassava Tubers
Authors: Claude Vodounnou Edmond , Armand Djossou Ayihaou , Clarence Semassou Guy , Gérard Degan
Published: March 2021

The present study focuses on the non-linear stability in the transient rotary regime of the cooking process of gari. The process of cooking gari consists of a rotating rectangular cavity filled with grated cassava flour, pressed, retted and considered to be an anisotropic porous medium in a permeably saturated viscoelastic fluid. The cavity is heated from below to a constant temperature. The lower wall of the cavity is impermeable and the upper wall is permeable. Using a numerical method, we have established the transient expressions of the Nusselt number, the flow and temperature fields as a function of the anisotropy parameters of the porous medium and of the Taylor number. The results obtained showed that the anisotropy of the porous medium and the Taylor number greatly influenced the cooking of gari over time.
Enhancing EFL Freshman Students' Reading Skills with Inspirational Quotes
Authors: Al-Jarf Reima
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Many ESL college students have reading comprehension problems in English, such as difficulty understanding ideas explicitly or implicitly stated in a text, making inferences, and inferring meanings of difficult words from context.

Aims: The article proposes the integration of inspirational quotes in the teaching of English to EFL college students as a supplement to in-class instruction and the textbook, and shows the advantages of integrating inspirational quotes in reading instruction.

Materials, Tasks, and Instructional Phases: The article shows the sources of inspirational quotes; criteria for selecting inspirational quotes; reading skills that can be developed with inspirational quotes (literal, inferential, critical comprehension and appreciation; decoding, using phonic, morphological, semantic, and syntactic clues; deriving word meaning from context; understanding certain grammatical structures such as idioms, ellipsis and participial phrases; locating anaphoric relationships and making inferences). The instructor can use a Facebook page, an online course, or an online discussion forum to post the inspirational quotes and tasks. Reading instruction with inspirational quotes goes through three phases: (i) Before reading an inspirational quote, the instructor introduces the inspirational quote, gives a vocabulary overview and pre-questions, and sets goals for the tasks. (ii) While reading an inspirational quote, the students read for the general topic, pay attention to specific vocabulary, imagery and figures of speech, and use contextual clues to infer the meaning of difficult words. (iii) After reading an inspirational quote, the students discuss answers, summarize or retell the topic orally, comment on it, give their impression and the moral or lesson learnt. The instructor serves as a facilitator. She guides the students, encourages them, and gives feedback on weaknesses and areas of improvement.

Reflections and Recommendation: Students’ responses to a questionnaire-survey revealed positive attitudes towards practicing reading with inspirational quotes. They found them beneficial in promoting their reading skills. Recommendations for creating an inspirational quote repository are given.
Studies on the Effect of Training Systems on Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cv. Malini Grown under Protected Conditions
Authors: Shivaraj D. , Prasanth P. , Lakshminarayana D. , Ramesh T.
Published: March 2021

The present investigation was conducted during 2016 and 2017 in Greenhouse at Vegetable Research Block, College of Horticulture Mojerla, Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University, Mulugu to clear the delusion among the farmers on the effect of different training systems on cucumber grown under protected conditions. The experiment comprised of a total of twelve treatments; Three training systems viz., T1 (Single Head Training System), T2 (Umbrella Training System), and T3 (Low Middle Training System) were followed. Training T1 was best in regards to vegetative and yield attributing traits. Among the treatments of training the maximum numbers of fruits per vine (23.08), yield per vine (5.90 kg), yield per hectare (133.08 t/ha), marketable yield (128.02 t/ha) and lowest percentage of deformed fruits (4.01%) were recorded in T1. Data on vine length and leaf area at different intervals of growth phase were recorded and results indicated that they differed significantly for both parameters T1 recorded highest value.  The results obtained showed the maximum output from single head training system (T1) indicating its significance.
Effect of Thermal Stimulation on Gene Expression Related to Skeletal Muscle-derived Cell Density
Authors: Nagai Masayo , Kaji Hidesuke
Published: March 2021

Aims: Our previous study demonstrated favorable changes in plasma protein levels such as adiponectin by fomentation in healthy people. We also reported that the thermal stimulation caused changes of mRNA levels to prevent atherosclerosis in human skeletal muscle-derived cell (SMDC). However, cell number decreased to 74.6% by heat stimulation. In order to clarify this mechanism, we investigated whether the heat stimulation affects the levels of mRNA related to cell density or number of SMDC.

Study Design: Experimental study comparing transcriptome between cells cultured at higher temperature and control cells.

Place and Duration of Study: From September 2015 to March 2017, Division of Physiology and Metabolism, University of Hyogo.

Methodology: SMDC was cultured at 42°C and 37°C and its gene expression was analyzed by using microarray technique.

Results: Thermal stimulation of SMDC significantly altered the expression of 10 genes related to apoptosis, 1 gene related to cell division and 1 gene related to cell adhesion. mRNA expression of apoptosis promoting gene, such as THAP2 (THAP domain containing, apoptosis associated protein 2), PDCD6 (programmed cell death 6), BCL2L13 (BCL2-like 13), LOC728613 (programmed cell death 6 pseudogene), CASP4 (caspase 4), and FAS (Fas cell surface death, receptor) was up-regulated. On the other hand, PAWR (PRKC, apoptosis, WT1, regulator) was downregulated, and mRNA expression of anti-apoptotic genes, such as NOL3 (nucleolar protein 3), CIAPIN1 (cytokine-induced apoptosis inhibitor 1) and NAIF1 (nuclear apoptosis inducing factor1), was up-regulated, Gene Ontology analysis showed alterations in the expression of genes that promote apoptosis and cell growth inhibition. Pathway analysis demonstrated the pathways that promote apoptosis, stimulate cell growth and negatively or positively regulate cell adhesion.

Conclusion: The present study suggested that thermal stimulation of SMDC might predominantly promote apoptosis from consistent changes in related gene expression by any analysis.