bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Significance of Nonfocal Symptoms in Patients With Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Ishihara Toshiya , Sato Shoichiro , Uehara Toshiyuki , Ohara Tomoyuki , Hayakawa Mikito , Kimura Kazumi , Okada Yasushi , Hasegawa Yasuhiro , Tanahashi Norio , Suzuki Akifumi , Nakagawara Jyoji , Arii Kazumasa , Nagahiro Shinji , Ogasawara Kuniaki , Uchiyama Shinichiro , Matsumoto Masayasu , Iihara Koji , Toyoda Kazunori , Minematsu Kazuo ,   on behalf of the PROMISE-TIA Study Investigators
Published: July 2018

Background and Purpose—

Patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) occasionally show nonfocal symptoms, such as unconsciousness, amnesia, and unsteadiness. The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristics and prognosis of patients with TIA with nonfocal symptoms, using data from the PROMISE-TIA (Prospective Multicenter Registry to Identify Subsequent Cardiovascular Events After Transient Ischemic Attack).

Methods—

Patients with TIA within 7 days of onset were consecutively enrolled in the Japanese nationwide registry. Factors associated with nonfocal symptoms and 1-year risks of ischemic stroke and coronary artery diseases were assessed in multivariate-adjusted models.

Results—

We studied 1362 patients with TIA (879 men; mean age, 69±12 years), including 219 (16%) with nonfocal symptoms. Patients with TIA with nonfocal symptoms were more likely to show acute ischemic lesions in the posterior circulation on diffusion-weighted imaging (multivariate-adjusted odds ratio, 3.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.57–5.82) and arterial stenosis or occlusion in the posterior circulation on vascular examination (odds ratio, 1.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.19–3.09) than those without nonfocal symptoms. Although 1-year risk of ischemic stroke did not differ significantly between groups (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.42–1.37), risk of coronary artery disease was higher in patients with TIA with nonfocal symptoms (hazard ratio, 3.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.14–9.03).

Conclusions—

Both acute ischemic lesions and arterial stenosis and occlusion in the posterior circulation were more frequently observed in patients with TIA with nonfocal symptoms.
Input Linkages and the Transmission of Shocks: Firm-Level Evidence from the 2011 Tōhoku Earthquake
Authors: Boehm Christoph E. , Flaaen Aaron , Pandalai-Nayar Nitya
Published: July 2018

Using novel firm-level microdata and leveraging a natural experiment, this paper provides causal evidence for the role of trade and multinational firms in the cross-country transmission of shocks. The scope for trade linkages to generate cross-country spillovers depends on the elasticity of substitution with respect to domestic inputs. Using the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake as an exogenous shock, we structurally estimate production elasticities at the firm level and find greater complementarities in input usage than previously thought. For Japanese affiliates in the United States, output falls roughly one-for-one with declines in imports, consistent with a relationship between imported and domestic inputs that is close to Leontief.
R&D Networks: Theory, Empirics, and Policy Implications
Authors: König Michael D. , Liu Xiaodong , Zenou Yves
Published: July 2018

We analyze a model of R&D alliance networks where firms are engaged in R&D collaborations that lower their production costs while competing on the product market. We provide a complete characterization of the Nash equilibrium and determine the optimal R&D subsidy program that maximizes total welfare. We then structurally estimate this model using a unique panel of R&D collaborations and annual company reports. We use our estimates to study the impact of targeted versus nondiscriminatory R&D subsidy policies and empirically rank firms according to the welfare-maximizing subsidies they should receive.
Noninvasive Determination of Firmness and Dry Matter Content of Stored Onion Bulbs Using Shortwave Infrared Imaging with Whole Spectra and Selected Wavelengths
Authors: Islam Md. Nahidul , Nielsen Glenn , Stærke Søren , Kjær Anders , Jørgensen Bjarke , Edelenbos Merete
Published: July 2018

A firm texture of dry onions is important for consumer acceptance. Both the texture and dry matter content decline during storage, influencing the market value of onions. The main goal of this study was to develop predictive models that in future might form the basis for automated sorting of onions for firmness and dry matter content in the industry. Hyperspectral scanning was conducted in reflectance mode for six commercial batches of onions that were monitored three times during storage. Mean spectra from the region of interest were extracted and partial least squares regression (PLSR) models were constructed. Feature wavelengths were identified using variable selection techniques resulting from interval partial least squares and recursive partial least squares analyses. The PLSR model for firmness gave a root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) of 0.84 N, and a root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.73 N, with coefficients of determination ( R2) of 0.72 and 0.83, respectively. The RMSECV and RMSEP of the PLSR model for dry matter content were 0.10% and 0.08%, respectively, with a R2 of 0.58 and 0.79, respectively. The whole wavelength range and selected wavelengths showed nearly similar results for both dry matter content and firmness. The results obtained from this study clearly reveal that hyperspectral imaging of onion bulbs with selected wavelengths, coupled with chemometric modeling, can be used for the noninvasive determination of the firmness and dry matter content of stored onion bulbs.
Being held to account: Detainees’ perceptions of police body-worn cameras
Authors: Lee Murray , Taylor Emmeline , Willis Matthew
Published: July 2018

Police organisations across the world are embracing body-worn video camera technology. The justification for this is to enhance public trust in police, provide transparency in policing activity, increase police accountability, reduce conflict between police and public, and to provide a police perspective of incidents and events. However, while the corpus of research into the efficacy and operational practicalities of police use of body-worn video cameras is developing, questions on some elements of their impact remain. The majority of scholarship has hitherto been evaluations focused on the impact of the cameras on police use of force and on the numbers of complaints against the police. Alternatively, this article explores body-worn video cameras from the perspective of police detainees, and specifically, detainees’ perceptions of the capacities of body-worn video cameras to deliver promised increased levels of accountability in policing. The article draws on a survey and research interviews with 907 police detainees across four Australian jurisdictions. While respondents largely support the use of body-worn video cameras they also identify a number of caveats. We conclude by suggesting that there are still impediments in body-worn video cameras to achieving the level of accountability promised by advocates and expected by the respondents.
Are Grandparents Better Caretakers? Parental Migration, Caretaking Arrangements, Children’s Self-Control, and Delinquency in Rural China
Authors: Chen Xiaojin , Jiang Xin
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of parental migration and alternative caretaking arrangements on children’s delinquency in rural China. Using data from the Parental Migration and Children’s Well-Being Survey, our results suggest that children’s delinquency is influenced by a dynamic interaction between caretaking arrangements and children’s self-control. More specifically, grandparenting appears to be an equivalent substitution for normative nuclear family parenting and has some advantage over caretaking by a remaining parent, especially for children with low self-control. These findings can serve as a starting point for a further conversation on the benefit of extended families and collective parenting, and on how to best use cultural resources in rural China under the constraint of parental migration and other structural barriers.
How Do Promise Neighborhoods’ Strategies Align With Research Evidence on Poverty and Education?
Authors: Bower Corey Bunje , Rossi Rachael
Published: July 2018

Promise Neighborhoods attempt to replicate the Harlem Children’s Zone’s “cradle to college pipeline” model of coordinated and continuous child and family services for a single neighborhood. We analyze the 46 planning and 18 implementation grants to determine which factors these neighborhoods plan to address and compare these efforts with research on poverty and academic performance. We conclude that Promise Neighborhoods more frequently focus on in-school factors and often fail to address many factors supported by prior research. We discuss the degree to which these neighborhoods are actually serving as all-encompassing cradle to college pipelines versus continuing current in-school efforts.
The Behavior-Attitude Relationship and Satisfaction in Proenvironmental Behavior
Authors: Ertz Myriam , Sarigöllü Emine
Published: July 2018

Past research on environmentally sustainable behaviors has focused on the impact of a wide array of psychological factors, such as values, attitudes, norms, motivation, or perceptions, on behavior. The aim of this article is to study an alternative perspective by focusing on the effect of behavior on attitude, instead of the opposite, and by examining the mediation of satisfaction on that relationship. Drawing on both the self-perception and cognitive dissonance theories, we demonstrate that the expectancy disconfirmation model illuminates the conditions under which the past behavior-attitude link may improve. An online study with 409 U.S. citizens revealed that satisfaction mediates the positive behavior-attitude relationship, while this is not the case for the attitude-behavior relation. Our results also highlight the importance of multidimensional conceptualization for both proenvironmental behavior (PEB) and attitudes toward PEB, while providing useful guidelines for practitioners and policy makers.
Place Attachment Style as a Predictor of Responses to the Environmental Threat of Water Contamination
Authors: Sullivan Daniel , Young Isaac F.
Published: July 2018

People are increasingly exposed to environmental threat in the form of “slow-scale” disaster, such as the water contamination at Flint, Michigan. Little is known about the role of place attachment in determining responses to such threats. The present research tests a comprehensive model linking place attachment style to patterns of environmental threat response. Two highly powered surveys (total N = 603) test this model in the context of a water contamination scenario. Across both studies, we find that a more communal and traditionalist place inherited style predicts defensive denial of the threat and compensatory identification with spiritual powers, while a more agentic and cosmopolitan place discovered style predicts identification with responsible institutions and collective action motivation. Place relativity style—characterized by high mobility and lack of attachment—predicts scapegoating of responsible institutions, especially when the threat occurs in a location other than one’s neighborhood (Study 2).
Improved Arrangement and Capacity for Medication Transactions: A Pilot Study to Determine the Impact of New Technology on Medication Storage and Accessibility
Authors: Kelm Matthew , Campbell Udobi
Published: July 2018

Purpose: A new-generation automated dispensing cabinet (ADC) deployment is described. Methods: A single-center retrospective-prospective pilot product performance study was conducted, and prospective nurse satisfaction survey and pharmacy technician product performance feedback survey were performed to determine the impact of new technology on medication storage and accessibility. The study measured efficiency of the 9:00 am medication pull for nursing users, assessment of nursing perceptions of medication administration pre- and postinstallation of the cabinetry, pharmacy technician perceptions of working with the cabinetry, and assessment of the efficiency of the pharmacy technician restock process. Results: In total, 2981 total nursing medication retrieval processes for the 9 am standard medication administration time (SMAT) time were analyzed: 1321 in the preoptimization phase and 1660 in the postoptimization phase. Analysis of the mean time per transaction confirmed a significant improvement from 10.5 to 10.3 seconds per transaction ( P = .026) in the postoptimization configuration. The modified assessment of nursing satisfaction survey demonstrated increased satisfaction with many aspects of the new-generation cabinetry. Pharmacy technician survey data highlighted beneficial aspects of the device, while restock data showed an increase in the time spent restocking the cabinet from 11.5 seconds in the preoptimization phase compared with 21.3 seconds in the postoptimization phase ( P < .0001). Conclusion: ADC installation and inventory optimization had a statistically significant improvement in the mean time per nursing transaction. Nursing and pharmacy technician surveys demonstrated a trend of enhanced satisfaction with the platform.
From marketization to recentralization: the health-care system reforms in Poland and the post-New Public Management concept
Authors: Mikuła Łukasz , Kaczmarek Urszula
Published: July 2018

The aim of the article is to evaluate the outcomes of the post-1990 health-care system reforms in Poland in the context of New Public Management and post-New Public Management ideas. The most important arguments put forward in the public debate, both in favour and against the agencification, marketization and privatization of health services, are presented and discussed. They are confronted with quantitative data on the health situation in Poland. In the final sections, the programme of the recentralization and de-marketization of the hospital sector, proposed by the new government formed by the Law and Justice Party (in office since 2015), is analysed against the theoretical background of the post-New Public Management concept.

Points for practitioners

The transformation of the health-care system in Poland took place in 1999, almost 10 years after the democratic breakthrough of 1989, as a part of the second wave of territorial-administrative reforms. Commercialization and partial privatization of public hospitals following the New Public Management model of public sector reform has been much discussed in Poland for the last decade. Yet, this process, which is politically and socially very controversial, has proceeded at a moderate pace. The recent government’s proposals for the de-agencification and de-marketization of health care may be interpreted as a post-New Public Management reform aimed at achieving higher standards of coordination within the system but also as another step towards the consolidation of political power for the ruling party.
DEEP Study: Indirect and Out-of-pocket Costs of Persistent Orofacial Pain
Authors: Breckons M. , Shen J. , Bunga J. , Vale L. , Durham J.
Published: July 2018

Persistent orofacial pain (POFP) is common and caused by a group of conditions affecting the face, head, or mouth. Recent research highlighted a problematic care pathway with high costs to the health care provider, but the financial impact on patients and employers is not understood. This study aimed to describe patient (out-of-pocket) and employer (indirect) costs of POFP and to identify whether the dichotomized Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS) was predictive of costs. A cohort of 198 patients was recruited from primary and secondary care settings in North East England and followed over a 24-mo period. Patients completed the GCPS and Use of Services and Productivity Questionnaire every 6 mo and a Time and Travel Questionnaire at 14 mo. Questionnaires examined the implications of health care utilization on patients’ everyday lives and personal finances. Time and travel costs were calculated and applied to use-of-services data to estimate out-of-pocket costs, while the human capital method and QQ method (quantity and quality of work completed) were used to estimate absenteeism and presenteeism costs, respectively. Per person per 6-mo period (in 2017 pounds sterling), mean out-of-pocket costs were £333 (95% CI, £289 to £377), and indirect costs were £1,242 (95% CI, £1,014 to £1,470). Regression analyses indicated that over 6 mo, the GCPS was predictive of the following: out-of-pocket costs—a difference of £311 between low and high GCPS per person per 6-mo period (95% CI, £280 to £342; P < 0.01, n = 705 observations over 24 mo); indirect costs—a difference of £2,312 between low and high GCPS per person per 6-mo period (95% CI, £1,886 to £2,737; P < 0.01; n = 352 observations over 24 mo). This analysis highlights “hidden” costs of POFP and supports the use of the dichotomized GCPS to identify patients at risk of higher impact and associated costs and thereby stratify care pathways and occupational health support appropriately.
A Hellenistic First Testament: The Views of Minimalist Scholars
Authors: Gnuse Robert K.
Published: July 2018

This article summarizes the views of six significant “minimalist” scholars and others, who theorize that the Primary History in the First Testament was generated in the Hellenistic Era after 300 BCE. Some critique of their views is provided combined with a theoretic counter-response. The purpose of this article is primarily to expose the American audience to the writings of the “Copenhagen School” of biblical studies.
Retelling Moses's Killing of the Egyptian: Acts 7 in Its Jewish Context
Authors: Boesenberg Dulcinea
Published: July 2018

In his retelling of Moses's killing of the Egyptian in Acts 7:23–29, Luke casts Moses in the image of Jesus, as a rejected deliverer. Most scholarship on Acts 7:23–29 understands the overarching narrative of Acts as an explanation of the separation of Christianity from Judaism. The Israelites' rejection of Moses, which Luke reads into Exodus 2:11–15, is placed in parallel to the Jews' rejection of Jesus, which is understood as the impetus of Christianity's break from Judaism. I propose an alternative reading of Acts 7:23–29. Given that Luke's retelling of Exodus 2:11–15 has similarities with the retellings of the Egyptian Jewish writers Artapanus and Philo, and that Luke's use of Scripture to divide Israel into two streams has similarities with the Damascus Document's use of Scripture, I argue that Luke's retelling of Moses's killing of the Egyptian is best read within the Judaism of his time.
Nuances in the Interplay of Competition and Cooperation: Towards a Theory of Coopetition
Authors: Gnyawali Devi R. , Ryan Charleton Tadhg
Published: July 2018

Progress in coopetition research is impeded by two problems in the literature: (a) superficial conceptualization of simultaneity and outcomes and (b) lack of theorizing about core properties of coopetition and how they influence outcomes. This paper addresses these interrelated problems and charts a path towards a theory of coopetition. We systematically analyze competition and cooperation and illuminate how the interplay between specific aspects of competition and cooperation manifests through unique coopetition mechanisms. We explicate a range of possible outcomes from coopetition—joint value creation for all firms, value creation for individual firms, and value destruction—and suggest that coopetition mechanisms help explain how and why coopetition may lead to varying outcomes. Furthermore, we explain how effective navigation of simultaneity and value creation intent, two fundamental elements of coopetition, may be instrumental in deriving beneficial outcomes. Navigating simultaneity involves balancing competition and cooperation and maintaining both at moderately strong levels, and navigating value creation consists of managing the trade-off between joint value creation and firm value creation without compromising overall value creation. By explaining how coopetition manifests, what its unique underlying properties are, and how such properties influence outcomes, our paper provides a deeper understanding of the phenomenon and progresses the literature towards a theory of coopetition.
The mediational roles of harsh and responsive parenting in the longitudinal relations between socioeconomic status and Turkish children’s emotional development
Authors: Gülseven Zehra , Kumru Asiye , Carlo Gustavo , Palermo Francisco , Selçuk Bilge , Sayıl Melike
Published: July 2018

This study examined the associations among the socioeconomic status (SES) of Turkish families when children ( N = 340, Mean age = 83 months, SD = 3.59, 50.3% boys) were approximately 7 years of age (Time 1) and their emotional lability and emotion regulation tendencies 3 years later (Time 3). We also examined the mediating roles of mothers’ harsh and responsive parenting behaviors when children were 9 years of age (Time 2). Results revealed that family SES was positively linked to parental responsiveness and negatively linked to harsh parenting; harsh parenting was positively linked to children’s emotion lability and negatively linked to children’s emotion regulation (after controlling for prior levels of emotion regulation and emotional lability at Time 2). Further, harsh parenting significantly mediated the associations between family SES and children’s emotional lability and emotion regulation tendencies. The pattern of associations did not vary by child gender or community (e.g., Istanbul, Ankara, Bolu) in Turkey. The findings highlight the interplay among family SES, maternal parenting behaviors, and children’s self-regulation outcomes in a non-Western, collectivist society.
Assessing media literacy competences: A study with Portuguese young people
Authors: Pereira Sara , Moura Pedro
Published: July 2018

Daily life is indelibly marked by the media, which create (or help to create) different forms of leisure, entertainment and work. Reading, analysing, decoding, understanding and interpreting the media and the content they convey, as well as creating and producing messages, are today fundamental competences required to deal with and manage the flows of communication and information that reach us through various media and platforms. The following study involved administering an online questionnaire to a sample of 679 Portuguese students, mostly between the ages of 17 and 18. The aim was to characterize their media access and use in their final year of compulsory education, to determine their knowledge of the media, as well as their analysis, interpretation and production competences, which were placed on a three-level scale of media literacy. Findings suggest that knowledge is at a basic level, in most cases at the lowest level of the scale.
Input effects across domains: The case of Greek subjects in child heritage language
Authors: Daskalaki Evangelia , Chondrogianni Vasiliki , Blom Elma , Argyri Froso , Paradis Johanne
Published: July 2018

A recurring question in the literature of heritage language acquisition, and more generally of bilingual acquisition, is whether all linguistic domains are sensitive to input reduction and to cross-linguistic influence and to what extent. According to the Interface Hypothesis, morphosyntactic phenomena regulated by discourse–pragmatic conditions are more likely to lead to non-native outcomes than strictly syntactic aspects of the language (Sorace, 2011). To test this hypothesis, we examined subject realization and placement in Greek–English bilingual children learning Greek as a heritage language in North America and investigated whether the amount of heritage language use can predict their performance in syntax–discourse and narrow syntactic contexts. Results indicated two deviations from the Interface Hypothesis: First, subject realization (a syntax–discourse phenomenon) was found to be largely unproblematic. Second, subject placement was affected not only in syntax–discourse structures but also in narrow syntactic structures, though to a lesser degree, suggesting that the association between the interface status of subject placement and its sensitivity to heritage language use among children heritage speakers is gradient rather than categorical.
Growth of infants and young children born small for gestational age: growth restriction accompanied by overweight
Authors: Wang Xiulian , Zhu Jianzhen , Guo Chong , Shi Huiqing , Wu Dan , Sun Fanfan , Shen Li , Ge Pin , Wang Jian , Hu Xiangying , Chen Jinjin , Yu Guangjun
Published: July 2018

Objectives

To compare growth profiles of children born small for gestational age (SGA) with those born the appropriate size for gestational age (AGA), and examine expected growth patterns for SGA in early childhood.

Methods

A survey on 23,871 SGA children was conducted in Shanghai. Data were collected at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months of age (+30 days). A check-up included assessments of weight, height, and head circumference.

Results

At 5 years old, weight, height, and head circumference were lower in SGA children compared with AGA children. The proportions of overweight and obesity of SGA children at 4 to 18 months after birth were significantly higher than those in AGA children, with higher proportions in boys than in girls. There was no correlation between overweight at 5 years old and overweight before 2 years old in SGA children.

Conclusions

Children born SGA remain shorter and lighter, with a smaller head circumference at 5 years old compared with AGA children. At 4 to 18 months after birth, there is a high incidence of overweight and obesity in SGA children. Overweight and obesity in SGA boys are more serious than those in SGA girls.
Supporting the education of looked after children: the role of the virtual school head
Authors: Rivers Sarah
Published: July 2018

For many years, the education of looked after children in the UK was accorded low priority in care plans. Finally, in the 1980s, this complacency was interrupted when new research revealed shocking details about children’s poor educational attainments. Several initiatives sought to improve this situation and children’s education is now well established on the planning agenda and professional responsibilities have been strengthened. One such innovation is the creation of a virtual school head (VSH) in every local authority to oversee and direct each child’s education in the same way that ordinary heads do for the pupils in their schools. This article discusses the reasons for creating this role and charts the evolution of the relevant legislation and guidance. The author then provides a personal account of her experience as a VSH in an English local authority – fashioning the new role, the opportunities and challenges it affords and the successes and disappointments so far. The article ends with a young person’s account of her educational experiences while in care.
Man as a Geological Agent
Authors: Butler David R
Published: July 2018

Interest in the Anthropocene has risen dramatically and has been the subject of discussion in this journal. Decades prior to the current interest in the Anthropocene, the British geologist Robert Lionel Sherlock published his book Man as a Geological Agent: An Account of His Actions on Inanimate Nature (1922). In that book, Sherlock described the massive amount of sediment displaced in Great Britain up to the year 1914, and concluded that the human agency of surface modification of the Earth exceeded many times the natural processes of surface denudation. With the recent explosion of interest in the Anthropocene, Sherlock’s book has been “rediscovered” and is being frequently cited in the Anthropocene literature.
The thinking styles of managers: Dimensionality, profiles and motivational antecedents
Authors: Minbashian Amirali , Birney Damian P , Bowman David B
Published: July 2018

Despite its widespread application in the educational field, little research has applied thinking style constructs from Sternberg’s (1988) theory of mental self-government to management. The present study examines the dimensionality, profile scores and motivational antecedents of thinking styles among a sample of 256 managers from large organisations. The findings confirm the four-factor structure of thinking styles that has been observed in the education field, albeit with slightly altered meanings. With respect to their profiles, managers displayed a preference for Type I styles (generative processes that are cognitively complex) over Type II styles (cognitively simple processes that involve adhering to norms), an external style over an internal style, and a global style over a local style. As predicted, learning orientation was positively related to Type I styles, and performance-prove orientation was positively related to Type II styles. A performance-avoid orientation was not related to either style type.
Effect of Binder Modification and Recycled Asphalt Pavement on the Performance of Permeable Friction Course
Authors: Brum Mark J. , Mogawer Walaa S. , Stuart Kevin D. , Austerman Alexander J.
Published: July 2018

Permeable Friction Course (PFC) is a hot-mix asphalt that contains interconnecting voids that provide improved pavement surface drainage during rainfall. The objective of this study was to determine if PFC mixtures which incorporate reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) will provide performances that are similar to PFC mixtures which only use virgin materials and whether binder type will affect performance. Utilizing current design specifications, PFCs were designed with RAP contents of 0%, 15%, and 25% and four asphalt binders. These mixtures were subject to a barrage of tests which measured their ability to resist draindown, abrasion, fatigue cracking, rutting, and moisture damage. Other testing determined permeability, porosity and workability. Rutting testing employed the industry standard asphalt pavement analyzer. Fatigue cracking and moisture susceptibility testing utilized the semicircular bending test. It was determined that it is possible to design a PFC incorporating RAP which will have good performance. However, this will only be achieved when the proper materials are used. The RAP must be properly fractionated and a modified binder such as asphalt rubber or a highly modified asphalt binder (HiMA) must be used. The mixture tests combined with Life Cycle Cost Analyses demonstrated that a PFC with up to 15% RAP combined with an asphalt rubber or HiMA can provide good performance and be cost effective. Furthermore, the use of 25% RAP in combination with these binders was only limited by the asphalt rubber not meeting the specification for permeability.
Investigating the Performances of Plant-Produced High-Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Content Warm Mix Asphalts
Authors: Mogawer Walaa S. , Stuart Kevin , Austerman Alexander J. , Soliman Ahmed A.
Published: July 2018

Laboratory-based studies have been conducted considering the incorporation of warm mix asphalt (WMA) technologies in paving mixtures both excluding and including reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). However, little research has been conducted to date that further advances the knowledge of WMA technologies in combination with high RAP contents beyond experiments using laboratory fabricated mixtures. The objective of this study was to expand on the existing laboratory research by investigating the moisture susceptibility, fatigue cracking and thermal cracking performances of plant-produced mixtures incorporating various WMA technologies and RAP contents. Nine 12.5-mm superpave mixtures were produced in two drum plants using three WMA technologies and three RAP contents. The three WMA technologies used were wax-based SonneWarmix™, chemical-based Evotherm®, and the Stansteel ACCU-SHEAR™ foaming process. Post production moisture in each mixture was negligible, which means that moisture had no effect on the laboratory mixture performance. The quality of blending analyses showed that the majority of the mixtures had poor blending, which would indicate that there should be performance issues with many of these mixtures. However, the quality of blending had no apparent effect on the laboratory mixture performance. It did not explain any poor performance or any difference in performance. Overall, some WMA with RAP contents up to approximately 50% RAP provided an acceptable laboratory performance. Fatigue cracking was the primary failure mode. Field trials or full-scale pavement accelerated tests with rigorous pavement monitoring are needed to confirm the findings of this study.
Septic Arthritis After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: How Important Is Graft Salvage?
Authors: Pogorzelski Jonas , Themessl Alexander , Achtnich Andrea , Fritz Erik M. , Wörtler Klaus , Imhoff Andreas B. , Beitzel Knut , Buchmann Stefan
Published: July 2018

Background:

Septic arthritis (SA) of the knee after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is a rare but potentially devastating condition. In certain cases, graft removal becomes necessary.

Purpose:

To evaluate clinical, subjective, and radiologic outcomes of patients with SA after ACLR and assess whether graft retention has superior clinical results as compared with graft removal.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

All patients who were at least 12 months out from arthroscopic treatment of SA after isolated ACLR at our institution were eligible for inclusion. Patients were categorized into 2 groups: group 1, patients with initial graft retention; group 2, patients with initial graft removal. Group 2 was subdivided into 2 groups: group 2a, patients with graft reimplantation; group 2b, patients without graft reimplantation. Objective and subjective assessments were obtained at follow-up, including the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) knee examination form, KT-1000 arthrometer measurements, WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index) score, Lysholm score, and IKDC subjective evaluation. Radiologic assessment was performed with pre- and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging.

Results:

Of the 41 patients included, 33 (81%) were available for follow-up at a mean ± SD 54.7 ± 24.4 months at an age of 28.4 ± 9.3 years. When compared with patients from group 2 (n = 12), patients from group 1 (n = 21) obtained significantly better results on the objective IKDC score (normal or nearly normal: group 1, 66.6%; group 2, 36.4%; P = .047) and KT-1000 measurements (group 1, 1.3 ± 1.0 mm; group 2, 2.9 ± 1.5 mm; P = .005). Group 1 also scored better than group 2 on the Lysholm ( P = .007), IKDC subjective ( P = .011), and WOMAC ( P = .069) measures. Between groups 2a (n = 4) and 2b (n = 8), no significant differences in outcomes could be detected ( P values, .307-.705), although patients with anterior cruciate ligament graft reimplantation showed a clear tendency toward better results in objective and not subjective parameters. Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation showed higher rates of cartilage damage and meniscal tears among patients with graft resection versus graft retention.

Conclusion:

Patients with graft retention showed superior postoperative results when compared with patients who underwent initial graft resection, although subanalysis showed comparable outcomes between graft retention and reimplantation. Thus, while graft-retaining protocols should have the highest priority in the treatment of SA after ACLR, graft reimplantation should be performed in cases where graft resection becomes necessary, to avoid future cartilage and meniscal lesions. Finally, further studies with larger numbers of patients are needed to gain a better understanding of the outcomes of patients with SA after ACLR.
Delayed Rehabilitation After Lateral Meniscal Allograft Transplantation Can Reduce Graft Extrusion Compared With Standard Rehabilitation
Authors: Lee Dhong Won , Lee Ji Hwan , Kim Du Han , Kim Jin Goo
Published: July 2018

Background:

Meniscal extrusion prevention would be important for restoring normal knee kinematics, even though the effect of graft extrusion after meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) has not been clearly identified.

Hypothesis:

When compared with standard rehabilitation protocols, delayed rehabilitation after lateral MAT could reduce graft extrusion.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 53 patients who underwent lateral MAT with the keyhole technique from June 2011 to March 2015 were included. Graft extrusion and lateral compartment articular cartilage loss on magnetic resonance imaging, joint space width (JSW) on weightbearing radiographs, and clinical outcomes (including subjective scores and functional tests) of 25 patients who underwent standard rehabilitation (group S) after lateral MAT were compared with those of 28 patients who underwent delayed rehabilitation (group D), which included immobilization during the first 3 weeks and use of unloading braces for 9 weeks.

Results:

Mean ± SD follow-up times for groups S and D were 25.7 ± 6.4 and 24.5 ± 7.1 months, respectively. Although the postoperative clinical outcomes did not differ between the groups, graft extrusion (3.2 ± 1.5 mm vs 1.8 ± 1.6 mm) and relative percentage of extrusion (32.2% ± 14.6% vs 17.3% ± 16.6%) were greater in group S than in group D ( P < .001 for both). The percentage of patients with graft extrusion (≥3 mm) was 52% in group S and 21.4% in group D. JSWs on Rosenberg view decreased by 0.1 mm in group S but increased by 0.3 mm in group D ( P = .035). Kellgren-Lawrence grade and modified Outerbridge grade progressed by 44% and 44% among patients in group S and by 17.9% and 21.4% among patients in group D, respectively. There were significant correlations between the coronal graft extrusion and postoperative JSWs on full extension (–0.452) and Rosenberg (–0.410) views, Kellgren-Lawrence grade (0.727), and modified Outerbridge grade (0.732) on magnetic resonance imaging ( P < .001 for all).

Conclusion:

Compared with standard rehabilitation, delayed rehabilitation showed less coronal graft extrusion and joint space narrowing on weightbearing and reduced the progression of arthrosis, although the rehabilitation protocols showed no differences in clinical outcomes.
Juvenile Registration and Notification Policies Fail to Prevent First-Time Sexual Offenses: An Extension of Findings to Two New States
Authors: Letourneau Elizabeth J. , Shields Ryan T. , Nair Reshmi , Kahn Geoffrey , Sandler Jeffery C. , Vandiver Donna M.
Published: July 2018

This study evaluated the effects of Maryland and Oregon juvenile sex offender registration and notification policies on first-time sexual offense charges and adjudications. We used autoregressive modeling to compare the monthly average of first-time sexual offense charges ( N = 5,657 and 13,278 for Maryland and Oregon, respectively) and adjudications ( N = 1,631 and 5,451 for Maryland and Oregon, respectively) across pre- and post-policy years. Results indicate that neither state’s registration policy had any impact on first-time sexual offense charges or adjudications and are consistent with prior studies evaluating the juvenile registration and notification policies of four other states. The absence of general deterrence effects across three studies evaluating six state registration policies suggests that, regardless of specific policy characteristics, juvenile registration and notification policies fail to improve community safety via deterring first-time sexual offenses among children. Recommendations include replacing juvenile registration policies with more effective prevention and intervention practices.
A non-cooperative vehicle-to-vehicle trajectory-planning algorithm with consideration of driver’s characteristics
Authors: Zhang Kuoran , Wang Jinxiang , Chen Nan , Yin Guodong
Published: July 2018

This paper presents a non-cooperative vehicle-to-vehicle trajectory-planning algorithm with consideration of the characteristics of different drivers. The driver–vehicle model considering vehicle dynamics and characteristics of the drivers is used to formulate a vehicle-to-vehicle encountering system. A non-cooperative control algorithm considering each of the driver–vehicle system as a player is employed to plan collision-free trajectories for the encountering vehicles with respective initial driving intentions. The non-cooperative problem is solved with the theory of Nash equilibrium and is ultimately converted to a standard nonlinear Model Predictive Control problem. Simulations are conducted in the scenarios of the lane-exchanging and overtaking with different initial vehicle speeds to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Results show that the algorithm can accomplish the trajectory-planning task with consideration of both the safety requirement and the characteristics of drivers. The simulation results also show that the proposed algorithm has effectiveness for trajectory planning in different vehicle-to-vehicle encountering scenarios.
Robust lane tracking algorithm for forward target detection of automated driving vehicles
Authors: Song Moonhyung , Kim Changil , Kim Moonsik , Yi Kyongsu
Published: July 2018

Detection of a primary forward target is one of the most important factors in a longitudinal control system of automated driving vehicles. If there is no special event such as a lane change, a lane detected by a vision sensor can be deemed as a predicted driving path of the ego vehicle. Based on this, it is possible to determine the state of the primary forward target vehicle accurately using the detected lanes. However, malfunction of vision sensors can induce unrecognized and misrecognized lane detection problems on account of internal/external environment factors. Furthermore, if a detection point is getting farther from the subject vehicle, the detection accuracy is getting lower because of inaccuracy of lane model parameters. To solve these problems, a novel method of lane tracking has been investigated. First, an integrated sensor module that combines a virtual sensor and a vision sensor has been developed. The virtual sensor is combined kinematic and dynamic vehicle model to be used in the full-speed range. Second, a lane estimator to improve lane detection accuracy at a long distance has been developed. The lane width in the public road can be assumed to be constant in the same road type. Based on this assumption, the clothoid parameters can be restored and consequently improve the lane detection accuracy. The performance of the proposed algorithm was verified by actual vehicle tests on public roads with manual driving and on proving ground with an automated driving system. The proposed algorithm has been compared with a conventional method which is based on in-vehicle yaw rate sensor. The test results have shown significant improvement of lane tracking performance over the conventional method.
Investigation of aerodynamic heating in V-shaped cowl-lip of the inward turning inlet
Authors: Meng Zewei , Fan Xiaoqiang , Xiong Bing , Tao Yuan
Published: July 2018

Complex flow field structure, which is induced by the leading edge of V-shaped cowl-lip in hypersonic inward turning inlet, causes severe thermal load. The V-shaped cowl-lip is simplified as the V-shaped leading edge. Both wind tunnel tests and numerical simulations are applied to study the flow field structures. And numerical simulation is used to investigate the heat flux. The result shows that the V-shaped leading edge, compared with blunt body and slender body, presents complex shock wave interaction and suffers from critical aerodynamic heating. The shape parameter of the V-shaped leading edge, angle θ of the leading edge, is not a sensitive parameter of the heat flux. It does not effectively reduce the maximum of the heat flux. Another shape parameter, ratio ( R/ r) of rounded radius and blunted radius, has obvious effect on the peak value of the heat flux. The heat flux does not decrease necessarily with increasing R/ r when R/ r<2. It reduces significantly with increasing R/ r when 2< R/ r<6. The heat flux does not change much with changing R/ r when R/ r>6.
Closed-loop parametric identification of DC-DC converter
Authors: Padhee Subhransu , Pati Umesh Chandra , Mahapatra Kamalakanta
Published: July 2018

This study provides a step-by-step analysis of closed-loop parametric system identification for DC-DC buck converter. In closed-loop parametric identification, input–output experimental data are used to estimate the transfer function coefficients of DC-DC buck converter. For system identification purpose, a high-frequency perturbation signal is injected in to the closed-loop system which acts as an input signal for identification experiment. Different input–output models such as Auto-Regressive eXogenous, Auto-Regressive Moving Average with eXogenous, output error, and Box–Jenkins are used to model the converter structure and prediction error method is used to estimate the parameters. Model validation schemes are used to validate the estimated model. Simulation and experimental analysis have been provided to validate the results obtained.
The prognostic significance of tall cells in papillary thyroid carcinoma: A case-control study
Authors: Stenman Sebastian , Siironen Päivi , Mustonen Harri , Lundin Johan , Haglund Caj , Arola Johanna
Published: July 2018

The subtype of the papillary thyroid carcinoma tall-cell variant has a worse prognosis than does the conventional papillary type (papillary thyroid carcinoma). The new World Health Organization 2017 classification defines a tall-cell variant as a tumour consisting of over 30% of cells that are two or three times as tall as they are wide. However, thresholds have differed. Our aim was to study how tall cells affect the prognosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma patients and to determine, for such cells, a cut-off percentage. Our cohort included 65 papillary thyroid carcinoma patients who underwent surgery at Helsinki University Hospital between 1973 and 1996: originally, 36 otherwise-matched patient pairs, eventually comprising 34 patients with an adverse outcome plus 31 who had recovered. All samples were digitally scanned and scored by two investigators based on tall cell composition. The cohort was analysed with four tall cell thresholds: 10%, 30%, 50% and 70% with a median follow-up of 22 years. In survival analysis, only the 70% threshold showed a correlation with reduced overall survival, disease-specific survival and relapse-free survival. A correlation also emerged with death from papillary thyroid carcinoma. In multivariate analysis, a 70% cut-off and age at diagnosis significantly affected DSS. Increasing tall cell score correlated with increasing age and extrathyroidal extensions. A tall cell composition of 10%, 30% or 50% showed no correlation with adverse outcome and suggests that the choice of pathologists reporting tall-cell variant should be a 70% threshold.