bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of the synthesis of rice non-symbiotic hemoglobins 1 and 2 in the recombinant Escherichia coli TB1 growth
Authors: Álvarez-Salgado Emma , Arredondo-Peter Raúl
Published: October 2015

Non-symbiotic hemoglobins (nsHbs) are widely distributed in land plants, including rice. These proteins are classified into type 1 (nsHbs-1) and type 2. The O2-affinity of nsHbs-1 is very high mostly because of an extremely low O2-dissociation rate constant resulting in that nsHbs-1 apparently do not release O2after oxygenation. Thus, it is possible that theinvivofunction of nsHbs-1 is other than O2-transport. Based on the properties of multiple Hbs it was proposed that nsHbs-1 could play diverse roles in rice organs, however theinvivoactivity of rice nsHbs-1 has been poorly analyzed. Aninvivoanalysis for rice nsHbs-1 is essential to elucidate the biological function(s) of these proteins. Rice Hb1 and Hb2 are nsHbs-1 that have been generated in recombinantEscherichiacoliTB1. The rice Hb1 and Hb2 amino acid sequence, tertiary structure and rate and equilibrium constants for the reaction of O2are highly similar. Thus, it is possible that rice Hb1 and Hb2 function similarlyinvivo. As an initial approach to test this hypothesis we analyzed the effect of the synthesis of rice Hb1 and Hb2 in the recombinantE.coliTB1 growth. Effect of the synthesis of the O2-carrying soybean leghemoglobina, cowpea leghemoglobin II andVitreoscillaHb in the recombinantE.coliTB1 growth was also analyzed as an O2-carrier control. Our results showed that synthesis of rice Hb1, rice Hb2, soybean Lba, cowpea LbII andVitreoscillaHb inhibits the recombinantE.coliTB1 growth and that growth inhibition was stronger when recombinantE.coliTB1 synthesized rice Hb2 than when synthesized rice Hb1. These results suggested that rice Hb1 and Hb2 could function differentlyin vivo.
O crowdsourcing como fator de competitividade: uma investigação em pequenas empresas do setor da moda em Fortaleza
Authors: Lima Sérgio Henrique de Oliveira , Reinaldo Hugo Osvaldo Acosta , Abreu Mônica Cavalcanti Sá de , Murakami Luiz Carlos
Published: October 2015

O crowdsourcing é uma estratégia de cocriação de valor por meio da qual as empresas captam diretamente a contribuição de seus consumidores para a criação de novos produtos e soluções, aumentando a sua capacidade de inovação e, ao mesmo tempo, reduzindo custos, distanciando-se dos concorrentes e do risco de insolvência. O objetivo principal do artigo foi investigar o nível de maturidade e o grau de receptividade dos pequenos empresários quanto à adoção de práticas de crowdsourcing. Por meio de um estudo de campo realizado no setor da moda na Região Metropolitana de Fortaleza, constatou-se que os empresários da amostra não estão ainda preparados para a implementação do crowdsourcing. Discutiu-se também, a partir de revisão bibliográfica sobre novas abordagens da inovação, e valendo-se de estatísticas oficiais sobre mortalidade de empresas no Brasil, como os benefícios propiciados pelo crowdsourcing podem contribuir para mitigar os fatores de insolvência de micro e pequenas empresas.
Gestão das Emoções em Centrais de Atendimento Telefônico
Authors: De Morais Fabiano José , Sauerbronn João Felipe Rammelt , Oliveira Josiane Silva , Pestana Fernando Nunes
Published: October 2015

O presente artigo tem como objetivo compreender como operadores de centrais telefônicas realizam a gestão de suas emoções ao longo de suas rotinas de trabalho. O referencial teórico utilizado está baseado na proposta de Hochschild (1983) a respeito da gestão das emoções nas organizações e o conceito de trabalho emocional - mecanismos de gerenciamento das emoções na vida profissional que têm como efeito a produção de um conjunto de normas e de técnicas de expressão emocional no cotidiano laboral. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas em profundidade junto a catorze atendentes de telemarketing que trabalham em dois call centers. Os resultados da pesquisa destacam um conjunto de técnicas corporais de manipulação das emoções no trabalho evidenciando não somente efeitos simbólicos, mas, também, materiais do gerenciamento das emoções realizado pelos indivíduos no trabalho cotidiano.
Resource-saving technologies of derivatization of functional nanostructured coatings by high-speed application methods
Authors: Kravchenko Igor N. , Karelina Maria Yu. , Zubrilina Elena M. , Kolomeychenko Anastasiya A.
Published: October 2015

The work objective is to study new application methods based on the resource-saving technologies for nanostructured coatings with different functionality. The main task of the work is investigating modern efficient methods to increase strength, corrosion resistance, and wearability. The subject of study is high-speed application methods for anti-corrosion and wear-resistant coatings that significantly improve the durability and reliability of products. Design, technological features, specifications, and a scope of applicability of various installation models for high-speed deposition methods, including a gas-plasma technique, are described. The analysis results of the basic physical, mechanical and performance properties of the coatings obtained with the compact high-performance process equipment are presented. As a result of this work, it is shown that coatings obtained by the high-speed methods, unlike the subsonic methods, are characterized by the high performance. The paper also presents perspectives for development of the processing methods of the multifunctional coating application, the improvement of equipment and materials. The data obtained can be used for designing processes of applying dense coatings of consistent quality on the complex products made from nearly all metals and alloys. The results obtained are applicable in the mechanical engineering, repair production, aviation, energy engineering, etc.
Electromagnetic radiation security estimation on the residential building roof for cellular antenna
Authors: Zvezdina MarinaYu. . , Shokov Andrey V. , Shokova Yulia A. , Lebedev Alexey R
Published: October 2015

The work objective is to estimate the electromagnetic environment on the roof where a mobile system base station aerial is installed. The problem arises during maintenance, repair, and assembly operations for antenna-feeder devices. The evaluation problem for ecological assessment of the electromagnetic environment at a standard height of two meters above the roof is solved with the computational prediction method. Two strict models are used for electrodynamic simulation of energy flux density, i.e. a two ray model which describes the plane electromagnetic wave diffraction on the flat perfectly conducting roof surface, and finite models of the roof are described with the canonical problem on a wedge of infinite extent. The difference between the developed model and the known ones lies within the research possibility not only in the computational points but within a whole computational plane. In the simulation process, antenna emission characteristics can be set in a number of ways including those obtained from the radiation object specifications, as it is proposed in a well-known technique. The simulation results for energy flux density distribution in a horizontal plane within the roof space are given. Computational points are placed at the square grid nodes with the period of a quarter wavelength of the transmitter. A physical interpretation of the obtained results is given. A safety conclusion on the human presence on the roof with operating directional cel lular antenna of GSM standard is formulated.
Stockout-Based Substitution and Inventory Planning in Textbook Retailing
Authors: Lee Joonkyum , Gaur Vishal , Muthulingam Suresh , Swisher Gary F.
Published: October 2015

We demonstrate the value of utility-based choice models to estimate demand and plan inventory for new and used textbooks in the presence of consumer choice and stockout-based substitution at a university textbook retailer. Demand information is censored, the exact time of stockout is not observed, and the short selling season often does not allow for replenishment. Using data for 26,749 book titles from 2007 to 2011 and a simulation experiment calibrated on real data, we show that an attribute-based choice model generates accurate demand estimates (mean absolute percentage error less than 1%) even when nearly 90% of the textbooks in the fit sample experience stockout. This performance is driven by the heterogeneity of product attributes and is robust to the occurrence of product returns. We implement this model at the bookstore in a controlled field experiment and obtain over 10% increase in profit. The results show that accounting for asymmetric and stockout-based substitution in demand estimation and inventory planning enables us to make systematic corrections in inventory mix and inventory level compared to the existing process.
The relationship between sea ice bacterial community structure and biogeochemistry: A synthesis of current knowledge and known unknowns
Authors: Bowman Jeff S.
Published: October 2015

Sea ice plays an important role in high latitude biogeochemical cycles, ecosystems, and climate. A complete understanding of how sea ice biogeochemistry contributes to these processes must take into account the metabolic functions of the sea ice bacterial community. While the roles of sea ice bacteria in the carbon cycle and sea ice microbial loop are evidenced by high rates of bacterial production (BP), their metabolic diversity extends far beyond heterotrophy, and their functionality encompasses much more than carbon turnover. Work over the last three decades has identified an active role for sea ice bacteria in phosphate and nitrogen cycling, mutualistic partnerships with ice algae, and even prokaryotic carbon fixation. To better understand the role of sea ice bacteria in the carbon cycle the existing sea ice BP and primary production data were synthesized. BP in sea ice was poorly correlated with primary production, but had a strong, variable relationship with chlorophyll a, with a positive correlation below 50 mg chlorophyll a m-3 and a negative correlation above this value. These results concur with previous work suggesting that BP can be inhibited by grazing or the production of bacteriostatic compounds. To extend existing observations and predictions of other community functions a metabolic inference technique was used on the available 16S rRNA gene data. This analysis provided taxonomic support for some observed metabolic processes, as well as underexplored processes such as sulfur oxidation and nitrogen fixation. The decreasing spatial and temporal extent of sea ice, and altered timing of ice formation and melt, are likely to impact the structure and function of sea ice bacterial communities. An adequate modeling framework and studies that can resolve the functional dynamics of the sea ice bacterial community, such as community gene expression studies, are urgently needed to predict future change.
Fundraising for creative arts projects
Authors: Craven Sophie
Published: October 2015

In this article, Sophie Craven provides information and advice as well as ideas and inspiration on how to successfully fundraise for creative arts projects in your school.
Ankle fractures in the elderly: an overlooked burden
Authors: Gee Christopher W , Dahal Luna , Rogers Benedict A , Harry Lorraine E
Published: October 2015

Ankle fractures in the elderly are a complex under-recognized burden which require a multidisciplinary approach to management. This article discusses the holistic approach required, including the up-to-date surgical management options and the areas for future development.
Tailoring HIV testing in a setting of late HIV diagnosis: is the tide turning?
Authors: Lascar Monica , Freer Joseph , Phiri Elias
Published: October 2015

Introduction:

Routine HIV testing in areas of high HIV prevalence has been shown to be both cost effective and to avert downstream morbidity and mortality from ‘late’ HIV diagnosis (defined as CD4 cell count <350 cells/ml). In the London borough of Waltham Forest in 2010, late HIV diagnoses were resulting in high morbidity with associated lengthy and costly hospital admissions.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis of all new HIV diagnoses was undertaken within a two-phased quality improvement project 2010–13. Newly diagnosed patients in 2010 were characterized, including immunological state, presence of HIV-related illness and department where they presented. After an intervention to set up an opt-out, walk-in rapid HIV testing service in outpatients, an analysis was conducted of numbers of tests, prevalence and immunological state of newly diagnosed patients in 2013.

Results:

A total of 91 patients were diagnosed with HIV, January–December 2010, 70% of which were a late diagnosis, including 48% defined as ‘very immunosuppressed’ (CD4 count <100 cells/ml). Of these, 51 out of 91 patients (56%) had attended hospital services in the 5 years before diagnosis, including 204 outpatient department attendances. After the intervention, rates of late diagnosis in 2013 had reduced to 46%, and rates of those diagnosed ‘very immunosuppressed’ had reduced from 48% to 8%.

Conclusions:

HIV testing in outpatients is feasible and acceptable to patients and can be offered alongside routine outpatient care. The rate of positive HIV tests in this group of patients in the authors' setting has been much higher than the HIV positivity rate of larger scale HIV testing interventions in other hospital settings. This approach also provides a model for more integrated care of HIV-positive patients.
Six strategies for success
Authors: Greenacre Kayleigh
Published: October 2015

Facing significant change and some challenging targets in her department, Kayleigh Greenacre stuck to six key management strategies to help her team achieve success
Can People With Intellectual Disability Resist Implications of Fault When Police Question Their Allegations of Sexual Assault and Rape?
Authors: Antaki Charles , Richardson Emma , Stokoe Elizabeth , Willott Sara
Published: October 2015

When people alleging sexual assault are interviewed by police, their accounts are tested to see if they would stand up in court. Some tests are in the form of tendentious questions carrying implications (e.g., that the sex was consensual) damaging to the complainant's allegation. In a qualitative analysis of 19 English police interviews with people with intellectual disability (ID) defined in a variety of ways, we show how people with ID deal with the pragmatic complexity of such tendentious questions. We give examples in which the complainants detect and resist the questions' damaging implications; but we focus on occasions when the complainants do not do so. We discuss the use of tendentious questions in the light of national United Kingdom guidelines on the treatment of vulnerable witnesses.
Interview with Bill Gallegos
Authors: Leary Elly , Lewis Anne
Published: October 2015

As we veteran activists of the 1960s and early '70s enter our años del retiro, it is time for reflection, summation, and most importantly sharing what we have learned with those reaching to grab the baton. Many of us, now grandparents, are getting questions from our grandkids and kids about our lives in the "golden age" of U.S. social movements. … Bill Gallegos has been an activist since the 1960s, when he became involved in Crusade for Justice, a revolutionary Chicano nationalist organization. He has since emerged as a leading socialist environmental justice activist, and is the former executive director of Communities for a Better Environment.

Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Stripping Away Invisibility: Exploring the Architecture of Detention
Authors: Law Victoria
Published: October 2015

tings chak, Undocumented: The Architecture of Migrant Detention (Montreal: Architecture Observer, 2014), 112 pages, 22 euros ($30.60 from Amazon), paperback.
 Over the past six years, more than 100,000 people, including children, have been jailed in Canada, many without charge, trial, or an end in sight, merely for being undocumented.… Locked away from the public eye, they become invisible.… Like the people within, immigrant detention centers are often invisible as well. Photos and drawings of these places are rarely public; access is even more limited. Canada has three designated immigrant prisons, and it also rents beds in government-run prisons to house over one-third of its detainees.… Undocumented: The Architecture of Migrant Detention begins to strip away at this invisibility. In graphic novel form, Toronto-based multidisciplinary artist tings chak draws the physical spaces of buildings in which immigrant detainees spend months, if not years. In crisp black and white lines, chak walks the reader through the journey of each of these 100,000+ people when they first enter an immigrant detention center.

Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Gesundheit und Umwelt: Humanökologische Perspektiven und Positionen für Wissenschaft und Politik
Authors: Tretter Felix
Published: October 2015

Der humanökologische Blick auf Zusammenhänge zwischen Umweltfaktoren und Gesundheit ist ein anderer als jener der Umweltmedizin. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Person und nicht der Schadstoff. Daraus ergeben sich übergreifende Fragen nach Verantwort lich keiten und Regularien,
nach Forschungsmethoden und -evaluation sowie nach Handlungsspielräumen für Prävention.
Vom Nutzen der Wissenschaft für die Gesellschaft: Eine Kritik zum Anspruch der transformativen Wissenschaft
Authors: Rohe Wolfgang
Published: October 2015

Reaktion auf drei Beiträge zu transformativer Wissenschaft in GAIA: A.Grunwald (2015), U. Schneidewind (2015), C. von Wissel (2015)
Zwischen Anpassungs- und Veränderungsdruck: Klimafolgenanpassung und nachhaltige Transformation
Authors: Lucas Rainer , Winterfeld Uta von
Published: October 2015

Strategien der Klimafolgenanpassung und der nachhaltigen Entwicklung werden in Deutschland kaum aufeinander bezogen. Kurzfristige Maβnahmenplanungen zur Schadensbegrenzung dominieren das politische Handeln, Fragen nach Vorsorge- und Gerechtigkeitsaspekten kommen zu kurz. Die Entwicklung
resilienter Entwicklungspfade stellt eine Herausforderung für die real existierende Problembewältigung dar. Für die Umsetzung einer nachhaltigen und resilienten Klimaanpassungsstrategie ist ein Mix aus institutionell basierten Regeln und teilhabeorientierten Realexperimenten
zur Erprobung von Neuem naheliegend.
Measurement of factor XIII (FXIII) activity by an automatic ammonia release assay using iodoacetamide blank-procedure: no more overestimation in the low activity range and better detection of severe FXIII deficiencies
Authors: Cini Michela , Legnani Cristina , Frascaro Mirella , Pancani Claudia , Cappelli Costanza , Rodorigo Giuseppina , Valdrè Lelia , Cosmi Benilde
Published: October 2015

Background:

Laboratory investigation with specific factor XIII (FXIII) assays plays a crucial role in diagnosis of FXIII deficiency. According to the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis (ISTH), it is necessary a blank sample with iodoacetamide, provided by the kit or locally prepared, when the ammonia release assays are used, to avoid FXIII activity overestimation.

Methods:

In this study we set up a modification of the Berichrom FXIII chromogenic assay, in which iodoacetamide was added by the BCS analyzer in the reaction mixture of the blank sample, without modifications of the original reagents. We analyzed 100 plasma samples of outpatients with clinical symptoms suggestive of a bleeding diathesis (20 samples had FXIII activity <20%).

Results:

In all samples blank subtraction significantly reduced FXIII activity, mostly in the low activity range group (from 10.1% to 2.4%, p<0.0001). In this group correction with iodoacetamide also increased the agreement with the immunoassay and allowed FXIII activity measure up to 0%.

Conclusions:

Despite the low number of samples included in the study, the described automatic procedure seemed to decrease FXIII activity overestimation and, especially for low activity range samples (<20%), to improve the agreement between FXIII activity and concentration. Our data suggested that iodoacetamide correction could allow the detection of severe FXIII deficiencies (activity <5%) otherwise undiagnosed using the original method.
Spontaneous reposition of a posterior incarceration (“sacculation”) of the gravid uterus in the 3rd trimester
Authors: Tauscher Anne , Schrey Susanne , Stepan Holger
Published: October 2015

We present a case of a spontaneous reposition of an incarcerated uterus in the third trimester. The uterus is retroverted in approximately 15% of pregnancies during the first trimester. The uterus raises and the fundus usually enters the abdominal cavity by the 14th week. Diagnosis and treatment of posterior incarceration with sacculation of the anterior uterine wall remain a challenge for the obstetrician. If the diagnosis is missed, there is a high risk of damaging the bladder and the cervix during a caesarean section, as the surgeon might not be aware of the disturbed anatomical situation. Treatment of a persistent retroverted uterus and outcome of intervention depend mainly on time of diagnosis as well as the presence of symptoms and other associated risk factors. A 36-year-old primigravida with known uterine posterior incarceration since 22 weeks and 5 days, confirmed by ultrasound scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), presented at the 31st week with correct uterine polarity. To our knowledge, there is only one well-documented case in the literature with spontaneous reposition of an incarcerated uterus after the 28th week of pregnancy.
Speaking or being Chinese: the case of South African-born Chinese
Authors: Yu Ke , Vivier Elmé
Published: October 2015

Language is often seen as an important symbol and marker of identity. The relationship between the two especially comes to the fore in the experience of immigrants who often must negotiate competing pressures on their identities and language usage. In this article we examine the link between language and identity through an exploration of the lived experiences of four Chinese individuals in South Africa. Drawing on interview data, we examine their language and identity shifts and the factors driving such shifts (or lack thereof). Our analysis reveals multiple degrees and expressions of Chinese identity, of which language is sometimes but not always relevant. We find that social and historical contexts shape the needs and motivations of the individual, who often uses language strategically and flexibly to emphasise or understate particular identities. We conclude that the situational view of the language-identity relation is more appropriate to explain the weak and strong language-identity links that occur at the micro-level.
Understanding Comprehension Levels of Emergency Notifications by Limited English Proficient US Residents: Case Study of Korean-Americans in New York City
Authors: Jung Alice R. , Hristovski Kiril D. , Ulrich Jon W. , Brown Albert F.
Published: October 2015

The overall goal of this study was to examine any validity of emerging concerns about the effectiveness and usefulness of a single language public messaging system in a linguistically diverse environment by evaluating the level of understanding of Notify NYC messages among Korean LEP residents of New York City. Three task oriented objectives were completed to address the goal of this study: (1) using past Notify NYC messages, a survey to test comprehension levels among Korean LEP residents was created; (2) the survey was administered among two population samples, Korean LEP and native English speaking (NES); and (3) statistical analysis was employed to correlate the data, conduct testing of three hypotheses, and develop appropriate conclusions. The results demonstrate that primary challenges with effective use of a single-language system in providing emergency communication to LEP residents stem from the language barriers that exist for this population category in the US. The positive pattern correlation and high coefficient of determination imply that improving the clarity of the emergency messages could enhance the overall message comprehension among the LEP US residents.
Tailwater habitat stability after dam removal and return to a natural hydrological regime
Authors: Tszydel Mariusz , Kruk Andrzej
Published: October 2015

The study was conducted from 2000 to 2003 in the tailwater of the Drzewieckie Lake, an artificial reservoir in Central Poland. Short-term peaks in water flow were generated for the purpose of the operation of a whitewater slalom canoeing track built just downstream of the dam. In 2002, the reservoir was drawn down. The patterns in habitat samples were recognized with a Kohonen’s unsupervised artificial neural network (SOM). The SOM spatial gradient was stronger than the SOM temporal gradient, which shows that the removal of the studied dam did not have a destructive impact on habitats’ features, as shown in other studies, and that the patchy nature of the riverbed has been maintained. The complete emptying of the Drzewieckie Lake took place at the beginning of the vegetation season, which allowed plants to cover the exposed bottom of the reservoir and, consequently, reduce the downstream flow of organic matter accumulated there. Patterns in the displacement of aquatic macrophytes, inorganic substratum and different fractions of particulate organic matter are discussed. The amount of dissolved oxygen decreased because of the lack of intensive water discharge from the reservoir into the river, which would result in high water turbulence. Results of this study are important for planning the ecologically sound dam removals.
Testing cointegration in quantile regressions with an application to the term structure of interest rates
Authors: Kuriyama Nina
Published: October 2015

This paper proposes a cumulated sum (CUSUM) test for the null hypothesis of quantile cointegration. A fully modified quantile estimator is adopted for serial correlation and endogeneity corrections. The CUSUM statistic is composed of the partial sums of the residuals from the fully modified quantile regression. Under the null, the test statistic converges to a functional of Brownian motions. In the application to US interest rates of different maturities, evidence in favor of the expectations hypothesis for the term structure is found in the central part of the distributions of the Treasury bill rate and financial commercial paper rate, but in the tails of the constant maturity rate distribution.
A New Replication Norm for Psychology
Authors: LeBel Etienne P.
Published: October 2015

In recent years, there has been a growing concern regarding the replicability of findings in psychology, including a mounting number of prominent findings that have failed to replicate via high-powered independent replication attempts. In the face of this replicability “crisis of confidence”, several initiatives have been implemented to increase the reliability of empirical findings. In the current article, I propose a new replication norm that aims to further boost the dependability of findings in psychology. Paralleling the extant social norm that researchers should peer review about three times as many articles that they themselves publish per year, the new replication norm states that researchers should aim to independently replicate important findings in their own research areas in proportion to the number of original studies they themselves publish per year (e.g., a 4:1 original-to-replication studies ratio). I argue this simple approach could significantly advance our science by increasing the reliability and cumulative nature of our empirical knowledge base, accelerating our theoretical understanding of psychological phenomena, instilling a focus on quality rather than quantity, and by facilitating our transformation toward a research culture where executing and reporting independent direct replications is viewed as an ordinary part of the research process. To help promote the new norm, I delineate (1) how each of the major constituencies of the research process (i.e., funders, journals, professional societies, departments, and individual researchers) can incentivize replications and promote the new norm and (2) any obstacles each constituency faces in supporting the new norm.
Evolutionary rescue by compensatory mutations is constrained by genomic and environmental backgrounds
Authors: Filteau Marie , Hamel Véronique , Pouliot Marie‐Christine , Gagnon‐Arsenault Isabelle , Dubé Alexandre K , Landry Christian R
Published: October 2015

Since deleterious mutations may be rescued by secondary mutations during evolution, compensatory evolution could identify genetic solutions leading to therapeutic targets. Here, we tested this hypothesis and examined whether these solutions would be universal or would need to be adapted to one's genetic and environmental makeups. We performed experimental evolutionary rescue in a yeast disease model for the Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome in two genetic backgrounds and carbon sources. We found that multiple aspects of the evolutionary rescue outcome depend on the genotype, the environment, or a combination thereof. Specifically, the compensatory mutation rate and type, the molecular rescue mechanism, the genetic target, and the associated fitness cost varied across contexts. The course of compensatory evolution is therefore highly contingent on the initial conditions in which the deleterious mutation occurs. In addition, these results reveal biologically favored therapeutic targets for the Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome, including the target of an unrelated clinically approved drug. Our results experimentally illustrate the importance of epistasis and environmental evolutionary constraints that shape the adaptive landscape and evolutionary rate of molecular networks.
Ukrainian Constituent of American Multiculturalism: Ethnic and Cultural Aspects
Authors: Dumchak I.
Published: October 2015

The paper deals with the features of the Ukrainian constituent of Americanmulticulturalism of the second half of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century. Multiculturaltrends actively developing in the context of the American mainstream are characterized. Thescientific research analyzes the literary activity of Ukrainian-American representatives ofmulticultural literature; it outlines the problems of writers’ works of art from ethno-cultural pointof view
Mifepristone Treatment of Cushing’s Syndrome in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Banerjee Ronadip R. , Marina Neyssa , Katznelson Laurence , Feldman Brian J.
Published: October 2015

Cushing’s syndrome (CS) in the pediatric population is challenging to diagnose and treat. Although next-generation medical therapies are emerging for adults with CS, none are currently approved or used in children. Here we describe the first use of mifepristone, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, to treat CS in a pediatric subject. The patient, a 14-year-old girl with an 18-month history of metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma, suffered from fatigue, profound myopathy, irritability, and depression. She was found to have hypertension, hypokalemia, and worsening control of her preexisting type 1 diabetes. In this report, we detail our clinical evaluation that confirmed CS caused by an ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone secreting tumor. Surgical and radiation therapies were not pursued because of her poor functional status and limited life expectancy, and medical treatment of CS was indicated for symptom relief. Mifepristone treatment provided rapid improvement in glycemic control, insulin resistance, and hypertension as well as significant diminishment of her myopathy and fatigue. Hypokalemia was managed with an oral potassium replacement and dose escalation of spironolactone; no other significant adverse effects were observed. Despite successful palliation of Cushing’s signs and symptoms, the patient died of progression of her cancer. This case demonstrates the safety and efficacy of mifepristone treatment in a pediatric patient with symptomatic, ectopic CS. We conclude that, in appropriate pediatric patients with CS, glucocorticoid receptor antagonism with mifepristone should be considered to control the effects of hypercortisolism and to improve quality of life.
La lingüística de corpus: perspectivas para la investigación lingüística contemporánea
Authors: Bolaños Cuéllar Sergio
Published: October 2015

La Lingüística de Corpus (LC) constituye una de las áreas de investigación de mayor desarrollo en los estudios del lenguaje. En este artículo se hace una sucinta revisión histórica al uso de los corpus, desde su confección manual en la lexicografía del s. XVII, pasando por los estudios bíblicos y gramaticales en los s. XVIII y XIX, hasta llegar a la primera generación de corpus electrónicos en la década de los sesenta y las generaciones posteriores. Se discute la definición del término corpus, su tipología y sus principales características. Así mismo, se muestra el potencial metodológico de la lingüística de corpus para la investigación en diversas áreas de la lingüística contemporánea, entre otras, la revisión de la traducción; la elaboración de materiales para la enseñanza de las lenguas; la diferenciación léxico-gramatical de variedades dialectales de una lengua; la elaboración de gramáticas descriptivas y el análisis sociolingüístico del discurso.
A forma de futuro do pretérito no português do brasil e a função de polidez
Authors: Araujo Andréia Silva , Meister Ko. Freitag Raquel
Published: October 2015

O futuro do pretérito é uma forma verbal que, dentre outros valores, expressa polidez. Neste trabalho, a partir de uma investigação quantitativa, objetivamos definir o arranjo de traços linguísticos do valor de polidez do futuro do pretérito a partir do arranjo temporal. A coleta de dados foi direcionada para propiciar contextos de ameaça à face, a fim de possibilitar o uso da forma de futuro do pretérito. Os resultados apontam para o arranjo temporal presente, em sequências explicativas/opinativas, com atenuadores de modalização e condicionais.
Templated Assembly of Metal-Anion Arrays within Layered Hosts; Synthesis and Characterization of New Transition-Metal Oxyhalide Perovskites
Authors: Caruntu Gabriel , Viciu Liliana , Spinu Leonard , Zhou Weilie , Wiley John B.
Published: October 2015

Ion exchange of Dion-Jacobson-type double- and triple-layered perovskites with divalent transition-metal halides leads to the templated assembly of metal-anion layers. A whole series of compounds of the form (MCl)LaNb2O7 (M = V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu) and (CuCl)Ln2Ti2NbO10 (Ln = Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu) have been prepared. Additionally, a new series of host compounds is being developed to exploit this exchange chemistry; the new oxyfluorides, RbLnTiNbO6F (Ln = La, Pr, Nd) and RbLaM'NbO6F (M' = V4+, Mn4+, Nb4+, Mo4+), have been prepared by a direct route.
Growth and Doping of AlGaN Alloys by ECR-assisted MBE
Authors: Korakakis D. , Ng H.M. , Misra M. , Grieshaber W. , Moustakas T.D.
Published: October 2015

We report the growth of AlxGa1−xN alloys on (0001) sapphire by the method of Electron Cyclotron Resonance-assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy (ECR-MBE). The films were doped n-type with silicon at carrier concentration levels from 1016 to 1019 cm−3. SEM studies reveal smooth surface morphology consistent with the observed 3×4 surface reconstruction in the RHEED pattern. Independent determination of the Al-concentration and the lattice constant of the alloys shows that Vegard’s rule is obeyed in the pseudo-binary GaN-AlN system. The bandgap of the alloys, determined by transmission and photoluminescence measurements, was found to depend linearly on Al-concentration.
The Analysis of Education Programmes of Protected Areas and Possibilities of Using Them in Nonformal Learning
Authors: Klimienė Asta , Klimas Ramutis
Published: October 2015

The learning in non-traditional environment can help to identify attractive activities, gain for each necessary social, and cultural competency. Non-formal education can help solve many problems in protected areas. In mostly all protected areas in Lithuania are educational activities – and this is one of aim of this institutions and also one of the educational components. Recently, but both the pupils and the public interest in science education has decreased. The protected areas organized various educational activities but by the research data 29 % respondents are not visited protected areas and not interested in them. The analysis of proposed educational activities in protected areas and opinions of the respondents, it is noted that the most popular educational activity in Lithuania is the tour (51.3 %). But sometimes the tour is called education. Only the Curonian Spit National Park carried out a study educational project with a local school, and only in Samogitia (Žemaitija) National park is the eco-education center.
T.T. Cloete en die subalterne
Authors: Crous M
Published: October 2015

T.T. Cloete was nog altyd, sedert sy debuut in 1980, 'n digter wat kritiek gelewer het op die Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing in die breë. In navolging van Rancière (2004), wat in sý navorsing die verhouding tussen filosowe en die armes ondersoek het, kan die volgende vrae gestel word: In watter mate word die werklike lot van die armes in Cloete se oeuvre uitgebeeld? Hoe word hulle representeer? Spivak (1988) se teoretisering oor die subalterne en oor stemgewing aan die subalterne word betrek in hierdie ondersoek. Die vraag word ook gestel: In watter mate tree daar by die skrywende subjek 'n afleer en 'n verleer van sy bevoorregte subjekposisie in? Slaag hy daarin om aan die stemlose Ander 'n ruimte te bied waarbinne hulle kan praat?
Oor die eerste 50 jaar se maak aan Standaardafrikaans
Authors: Van Rensburg C
Published: October 2015

Steyn (2014) bespreek in sy publikasie Ons gaan 'n taal maak, die GRA se verskrifteliking van Afrikaans in 1875. Hierdie skryfvorm het daarna verander - 'n proses wat die stimulus verskaf vir hierdie artikel, wat voortbou op Steyn se gegewens oor hoe Afrikaans gemaak is. 'n Groot aantal mense was van die GRA-periode af by die maak van Afrikaans betrokke, almal taalmakers. Steyn toon aan wat baie van hulle gedoen het, hoekom sekere besluite geneem is, en wys op die verwagtings wat hulle vir Afrikaans gekoester het. Hy beklemtoon die mensewerk wat nodig was om Standaardafrikaans te maak in noukeurige besonderhede, en bring daarmee 'n dokument van besondere waarde tot stand. Daar was sprekers van Afrikaans wat hulle nie kon vereenselwig het met die ingeboude beperkings van GRA-Afrikaans nie. Dié boeredialek waarop GRA-Afrikaans gebaseer is, en volgens 'n "skryf-soos-ons-praat-uitgangspunt" geskryf is, is gekritiseer oor die gebrek aan sofistikasie wat daarmee gepaardgegaan het, en oor die Khoi-Afrikaans wat nóú daarmee verweef is. Taalmakers wat op 'n kortpadmanier vir Afrikaans kultuurfunksies wou skep, wou hulle nie verlaat het op 'n skryftaal, wat eers na verloop van 'n lang tyd moontlik 'n kultuurtaal kon word nie. Dit het in die eerste dekades van die twintigste eeu gelei tot die maak van 'n Afrikaans wat meer kultuurfunksies binne die bereik van sprekers geplaas het, wat daartoe toegang gehad het. Die nouer aansluiting by Nederlands het 'n korpusuitbreiding vir Afrikaans meegebring, sy funksieontwikkeling gestimuleer, en die verkryging van sy ampstaalstatus vergemaklik. Die nuwe verbintenisse tussen Afrikaans en Nederlands is gepropageer deur makers van nuwe taalgeskiedenisse, wat meegebring het dat verbintenisse met Afrikaans se dialekbasis verontagsaam is. Politici het ook nie die kans laat verbygaan om hulle ideologieë deur hierdie Afrikaans te versprei nie. Met sy standaardisering is Afrikaans in 'n hoë mate vernederlands, maar dit het nie Nederlands geword nie. Daar het baie van sy wortels steeds behoue gebly.
Uitdagings by die implementering van Inligtings- en Kommunikasietegnologie vir die Setswanasprekende Gevorderde Onderwys Sertifikaat (GOS) Afstandstudent aan die Noordwes-Universiteit
Authors: Du Toit-Brits C
Published: October 2015

Die Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing het in die laaste dekade ingrypende veranderinge en ontwikkelings ondergaan sover dit kontemporêre tegnologiese ontwikkelings, die eise van die inligtingsera waarin ons leef en die behoeftes van 'n geglobaliseerde en steeds globaliserende arbeidsmark betref. Dit is ook algemeen bekend dat Sub-Sahara-Afrika worstel om tred te hou met die eksponensiële toename in opvoedkundige en tegnologiese ontwikkelings. Daar bestaan verskeie uitdagings met betrekking tot die implementering van rekenaartegnologie in afstandsonderwysprogramme aan die Noordwes-Universiteit (NWU). Ten spyte van die toename in tegnologiese ontwikkelings in die twintigste en vroeë 21ste eeu is inligtings- en kommunikasietegnologie (IKT) nog nie toeganklik vir alle NWU- onderwysstudente binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks nie. Dit is tewens ook nie uit die beskikbare literatuur duidelik in welke mate IKT wel deur afstandsonderwysstudente benut word nie. Die doel van die empiriese gedeelte van hierdie artikel was om moontlike uitdagings/elemente waarop gelet behoort te word by die keuse en implementering van rekenaartegnologie in afstandsonderwys aan die NWU vir die Setswanasprekende GOS-studente te bepaal, asook om te probeer vasstel in welke mate IKT wel deur Setswanasprekende afstandstudente wat vir die GOS aan die NWU geregistreer is, benut word.
'n Eksploratiewe ondersoek na adolessente se internetgebruik en die identifisering van moontlike risikofaktore ten opsigte van hulle psigososiale welstand
Authors: Van Der Merwe P , Jansen C
Published: October 2015

Nuwe digitale media, soos die internet en selfone, het 'n integrerende deel van adolessente se lewens geword. Die doel van die ondersoek waarop hierdie artikel gebaseer is, is om te bepaal watter uitwerking adolessente se gebruik van hierdie media op hulle sielkundige welstand en vlak van sosiale aanpassing het. Die betrokke hoofargument is dat kommunikasie deur middel van hierdie media ten koste van belangrike sosiale interaksie in die ware lewe plaasvind - interaksie wat noodsaaklik is om gesonde verhoudings op te bou. Die navorsing dek die mate waartoe Suid-Afrikaanse adolessente besig is met aanlyn bedrywighede wat gevare inhou, in watter mate hulle ouers bewus is daarvan en die gevare kan uitskakel, en die noodsaaklikheid van onderrig in digitalemedia-geletterdheid wat spesifiek klem lê op emosionele intelligensie, 'n voorvereiste vir goeie sosiale aanpassing. Vyf-en-tagtig (85) leerders (13-15 jaar oud) van drie skole in Gauteng Provinsie en hulle ouers het onderskeidelik 'n leerder- en ouervraelys oor die gebruik van nuwe digitale media en tegnologie ingevul. Om 'n verband tussen adolessente se emosionele vaardighede en hulle gedrag in die virtuele wêreld te kan identifiseer, behels 'n groot mate van inligtingvertolking, wat daartoe gelei het dat die studie binne 'n narratiewe kwalitatiewe metodologiese raamwerk uitgevoer is. Die navorsing het aan die lig gebring dat adolessente tans 'n vorm van onderrig nodig het wat hulle emosionele intelligensie bevorder, sodat hulle digitale media kan gebruik om gesonde verhoudings op te bou en te versterk - in sowel die aanlyn wêreld as die werklikheid.
Wie is die teikengebruikers van eentalige aanleerderwoordeboeke?
Authors: Gouws R
Published: October 2015

Eentalige aanleerderwoordeboeke is gerig op gebruikers wat 'n vreemde taal aanleer. Die fokus is op hulle behoeftes met betrekking tot die vreemde taal. Die moedertaal van 'n uiteenlopende groep gebruikers word egter nie in aanmerking geneem nie. Hierdie artikel wys daarop dat eentalige aanleerderwoordeboeke aangepas moet word, sodat die verskillende moedertale van verskillende gebruikers 'n invloed op die keuse van aanduiders en die aard van die leksikografiese bewerking sal hê. Daar word daarop gewys dat 'n generiese eentalige aanleerderwoordeboek nie moedertaalsprekers van verskillende tale bevredigend kan help met betrekking tot byvoorbeeld vals vriende, kultuurgebonde leksikale items en met die impak van taalbeïnvloeding en taalversteuring nie. Voorstelle word gemaak vir 'n model waarvolgens sowel gedrukte as aanlyn eentalige aanleerderwoordeboeke 'n sterker gebruikersgerigtheid kan toon. Vir aanlyn woordeboeke word voorgestel dat een databasis geskep moet word waaraan verskillende variante artikels onttrek kan word.
Eentaligheid, integrasie en assosiasiegerigtheid in sosiale netwerke: 'n Literatuuroorsig
Authors: Senekal B
Published: October 2015

Afrikaanse onderrigsinstansies kom toenemend in die spervuur omdat die gebruik van Afrikaans skynbaar tot 'n gebrek aan integrasie tussen verskillende bevolkingsgroepe lei. Hierdie artikel gaan krities om met hierdie siening vanuit die perspektief van die netwerkteorie, en ondersoek groepsvorming met behulp van die konsepte van oorganklikheid en modulariteit. Daar word aangetoon dat groepsvorming nie eie is aan die Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing of selfs sosiale netwerke nie, maar wel 'n kenmerk is van komplekse netwerke, wat sosiale netwerke insluit sowel as tegnologiese, biologiese en inligtingsnetwerke. Groepsvorming ontstaan onder andere op grond van assosiasiegerigtheid of homofilie, wat beteken dat soortgelyke nodusse geneig is om skakels met mekaar te vorm. Hierdie homofilie in sosiale netwerke kan geskied op grond van taal, maar ook op grond van ras, klas, inkomstegroep, geografiese ligging en dergelike. 'n Oorsig word gebied oor 'n aantal studies wat groepsvorming in sosiale netwerke ondersoek het, insluitend ten opsigte van taal en ras, maar ook met inagneming van ander veranderlikes soos ouderdom. Daar word aangetoon dat taal wel tot die vorming van aparte groeperings in sosiale netwerke lei, maar dat ras op sigself ook daartoe aanleiding gee, sowel as ander veranderlikes soos ouderdom, kultuur, geslag, ensovoorts. Die slotsom waartoe die artikel kom, is dat integrasie nie bewerkstellig sal word deur taal uit die prentjie te verwyder nie, aangesien die eentalige omgewing van die VSA steeds gekenmerk word deur aparte groeperings wat op grond van ras gevorm word. 'n Kort bespreking word ook gegee oor probleme wat gepaardgaan met die vorming van sosiale bande op grond van heterofilie.
Die nuwe bedreiging van samelewingsvryhede: 'n Terugkeer tot Christen-vervolging?
Authors: Strauss D
Published: October 2015

Ten spyte van die ruimte wat deur verskillende Aktes van Menseregte vir persoonlike (en kollektiewe) vryhede geskep is, insluitende persoonlike akademiese vryheid en geloofsvryheid, het daar gedurende die afgelope paar dekades ontwikkelinge ingetree wat sterk aan totalitêre tendense herinner wat ook tydens die vroeë geskiedenis van die Christendom na vore getree het. Hierdie verwikkelinge is besig om opnuut die sinvolle onderskeiding tussen strukturele pluralisme en 'n pluralisme van oortuigings te ondergrawe. Die wyse waarop die openbare skole in die VSA immers tans, op die basis van die positivistiese postulaat van "objektief-neutrale" wetenskap, die Darwinistiese Ortodoksie in biologie-onderrig tot 'n dogma proklameer wat bo enige kritiek verhewe is, getuig inderdaad van 'n sonderlinge terugkeer tot die lank-agterhaalde vroeg-Middeleeuse era van Christen-vervolging, beliggaam in 'n vorm van wetenskaplike fascisme waarin akademiese vryheid, vryheid van spraak, vrye openbare meningsuiting en persoonlike geloofsvryheid op die altaar geplaas word. Na 'n vlugtige verwysing na die situasie in Nederland sluit die artikel af met vermelding van positiewe elemente in die nuwe Suid-Afrika van vandag. Tog belig 'n onlangse ervaring van die outeur van hierdie artikel die deurskemering van iets wat 'n kommerwekkende ooreenkoms toon met dit wat tans in Amerika in swang is (sien die Aanhangsel).