bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microbiota intestinal y su relación con la obesidad en adultos: artículo de revisión
Authors: Cashabamba Padilla Franklin Hernán
Published: August 2024

Introducción: el microbiota intestinal ha emergido como un componente crucial para el mantenimiento de la salud humana, desempeñando roles fundamentales en la digestión, metabolismo, inmunidad, la regulación del estado nutricional y homeostasis energética. Sin embargo, la disbiosis (alteración del equilibrio del microbiota) puede causar obesidad, mediante mecanismos inflamatorios, aumento de la permeabilidad intestinal y cambios en el apetito. Objetivo:  determinar la relación entre la alteración del microbiota intestinal y la obesidad en adultos. Metodología: el diseño de investigación es de tipo documental, exploratorio y descriptivo. Se realizó una revisión sistémica de los últimos 5 años de la literatura existente en bases de datos electrónicas como Scopus, PubMed, Science direct, Web of Science, y Google académico. Se aplicaron criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados: aunque no se puede afirmar que el microbiota intestinal sea la causante directa de la obesidad en adultos, si existe una relación compleja y bidireccional entre los ambos. La disbiosis intestinal puede influir en el desarrollo de la obesidad, y esta a su vez puede modificar el microbiota intestinal. Los mecanismos principales son alteración en el metabolismo energético, proceso inflamatorios y regulación del apetito.  Conclusión: la obesidad es una enfermedad metabólica crónica con múltiples factores causantes y el microbiota intestinal es solo uno de ellos. La alteración del microbiota intestinal está relacionada con la obesidad en adultos por lo que se debe manejar de manera integral, lo que incluye modificación en el estilo de vida y en ocasiones tratamiento médico. Área de estudio general: Medicina. Área de estudio específica: Microbiología.  Tipo de estudio: Artículo de Revisión.
Inmunosenescencia y su efecto en la acción farmacológica: una revisión de literatura
Authors: Litardo Mendoza José Daniel , Moreira Vera María Geomara , Quiroz Mendoza Sulay Stefania , Macías Acuña Elssie Dayana
Published: August 2024

Introducción: La inmunosenescencia se refiere a los cambios que se producen en el sistema inmunitario a causa del envejecimiento y que afectan la inmunidad innata y adaptativa. Esta, puede ser considerada como la prueba de que los efectos beneficiosos del sistema inmunitario en su función por neutralizar a los agentes dañinos en etapas tempranas de la vida son los mismos que se hacen perjudiciales para el individuo en su vejez, en una etapa no prevista por la evolución. Objetivo: Analizar la inmunosenescencia y su efecto en la acción farmacológica. Metodología: Estudio de revisión de literatura con enfoque cualitativo y diseño descriptivo. Resultados: Investigaciones indican que la inmunosenescencia no se acompaña del deterioro inevitable y progresivo de la función inmunitaria, más bien, es el resultado de una remodelación, en la que se reducen algunas funciones, mientras que otras permanecen sin cambios o incluso se incrementan. Conclusión: La farmacocinética se refiere a la disposición de la droga en el organismo y consta de cuatro pasos que son la absorción, distribución, metabolismo y excreción. Cada uno de ellos se modifica de distinta forma con el proceso de envejecimiento. Área de estudio general: Medicina. Tipo de artículo: Revisión bibliográfica.
Breakfast habit of high school going students in Bangladesh: a correspondence analysis
Authors: Khan Md Abrar Ashfaq , Sonia Jakia Benta , Ohid Ullah Mohammad
Published: August 2024

The importance of breakfast in maintaining a healthy lifestyle is well-documented, yet breakfast omission remains prevalent among children and teenagers, leading to negative health and academic outcomes. The purpose of this study is to identify the association between various levels of breakfast consumption and other related factors. A secondary cross-sectional dataset was used in this study to detect the habits of breakfast consumption and its association between other related factors. As chi-square test shows the association between the two attributes, corresponding analysis was applied in this study to see the level-wise association between the attributes. The dataset contains a total of 509 individuals that were enrolled in high school education in northeastern region of Bangladesh. The results of the study indicated that around fifty percent of the children are skipping breakfast and most of them are from Habiganj and Sunamganj districts. It is found that urban students are higher tendency to miss breakfast compare to rural area. It is also observed that lower levels of parental education are highly associated with not taking and/or irregular taking breakfast. In correspondence analysis, the results revealed that students whose mothers are engaged in government or private sector jobs tend to have a consistent breakfast routine, however, in a chi-square test it was found that mother’s occupation and breakfast consumption is not significantly associated. It indicates correspondence analysis is more suitable to discover the level-wise association. Taken together, it is concluded that parental education and occupation may increase the taking breakfast of school children. This study highlights the need to advocate for breakfast intake among adolescents. The study concludes that correspondence analysis is essential to know the level-wise association between the attributes.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2024, 10(3), 99-109
Thúc đẩy các doanh nghiệp siêu nhỏ tăng trưởng khi hội nhập: Vai trò của môi trường kinh doanh ở Việt Nam
Authors: Vũ Hoàng Nam , Hoàng Bảo Trâm , Nguyễn Hải Hồng
Published: August 2024

Các doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa có vai trò quan trọng ở các nước đang phát triển. Trong bối cảnh toàn cầu hóa và hội nhập kinh tế quốc tế, hỗ trợ các doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa gắn kết vào chuỗi giá trị toàn cầu là giải pháp hữu hiệu để thúc đẩy các doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa phát triển. Câu hỏi đặt ra là liệu các doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa có thể tận dụng được cơ hội gắn kết với chuỗi giá trị toàn cầu để tăng trưởng hay không và môi trường kinh doanh có vai trò gì. Nghiên cứu này sử dụng số liệu bảng từ khảo sát các doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa ở Việt Nam với hơn 8.532 quan sát trong thời gian 10 năm và số liệu môi trường kinh doanh cấp tỉnh với các phương pháp ước lượng phù hợp, đồng thời kiểm soát vấn đề nội sinh, nhằm trả lời hai câu hỏi trên. Kết quả định lượng cho thấy khi tham gia chuỗi giá trị toàn cầu các doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa trong môi trường kinh doanh tốt có quy mô lớn hơn so với các doanh nghiệp trong môi trường kinh doanh kém hơn. Trong môi trường kinh doanh có chất lượng tốt hơn, các doanh nghiệp siêu nhỏ có tốc độ tăng doanh thu nhanh hơn so với các doanh nghiệp siêu nhỏ trong các môi trường kinh doanh kém. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy cải thiện môi trường kinh doanh là giải pháp quan trọng để hỗ trợ các doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa, đặc biệt là các doanh nghiệp siêu nhỏ, tăng trưởng ở các nước đang phát triển.
GPT-4o’s competency in answering the simulated written European Board of Interventional Radiology exam compared to a medical student and experts in Germany and its ability to generate exam items on interventional radiology: a descriptive study
Authors: Ebel Sebastian , Ehrengut Constantin , Denecke Timm , Gößmann Holger , Beeskow Anne Bettina
Published: August 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether ChatGPT-4o, a generative artificial intelligence (AI) platform, was able to pass a simulated written European Board of Interventional Radiology (EBIR) exam and whether GPT-4o can be used to train medical students and interventional radiologists of different levels of expertise by generating exam items on interventional radiology.Methods: GPT-4o was asked to answer 370 simulated exam items of the Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology Society of Europe (CIRSE) for EBIR preparation (CIRSE Prep). Subsequently, GPT-4o was requested to generate exam items on interventional radiology topics at levels of difficulty suitable for medical students and the EBIR exam. Those generated items were answered by 4 participants, including a medical student, a resident, a consultant, and an EBIR holder. The correctly answered items were counted. One investigator checked the answers and items generated by GPT-4o for correctness and relevance. This work was done from April to July 2024.Results: GPT-4o correctly answered 248 of the 370 CIRSE Prep items (67.0%). For 50 CIRSE Prep items, the medical student answered 46.0%, the resident 42.0%, the consultant 50.0%, and the EBIR holder 74.0% correctly. All participants answered 82.0% to 92.0% of the 50 GPT-4o generated items at the student level correctly. For the 50 GPT-4o items at the EBIR level, the medical student answered 32.0%, the resident 44.0%, the consultant 48.0%, and the EBIR holder 66.0% correctly. All participants could pass the GPT-4o-generated items for the student level; while the EBIR holder could pass the GPT-4o-generated items for the EBIR level. Two items (0.3%) out of 150 generated by the GPT-4o were assessed as implausible.Conclusion: GPT-4o could pass the simulated written EBIR exam and create exam items of varying difficulty to train medical students and interventional radiologists.
Editor in Chief’s Highlights from ESHRE 2024
Authors: Chu Justin
Published: August 2024

THERE were several incredible highlights at the 40th European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) Annual Meeting. This feature summarises a couple of the presentations that Chu attended in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, for this latest issue of EMJ Reproductive Health. The first was a retrospective cohort study demonstrating a large dataset investigating the effectiveness of pre-implantation genetic testing for aneuploidy. The second was an interesting debate on the use of dual or double triggers in ovarian stimulation in in vitro fertilisation cycles.
Covid-19 Acil Servisine Başvuran Hastaların Koronavirüs Hastalığı ile Mücadelede Uyguladıkları Alternatif ve Geleneksel Uygulamaları: Balıkesir İli Örneği
Authors: Karaca Sivrikaya Sibel , Donat Burcu
Published: August 2024

Amaç: Covid-19 acil servisine başvuran hastaların koronavirüs hastalığı ile mücadelede uyguladıkları alternatif ve geleneksel uygulamalarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipte kesitsel olarak tasarlanan bu çalışmanın evrenini son bir yılda PCR testi yaptırmak için başvuran 16.575 kişi oluşturmuştur. Örneklem seçiminde Openepi programının kullanıldığı çalışma, 376 kişi ile 16 Mart-15 Aralık 2022 tarihleri arasında bir ilçe devlet hastanesi Covid-19 acil servisinde yüz yüze anket uygulanarak yürütülmüştür. Ayrıca verilerin toplanmasında araştırmacılar tarafından literatür taranarak oluşturulan sosyodemografik bilgilerle bireylerin koronavirüs ile mücadelede kullandıkları alternatif ve geleneksel uygulamaların sorgulandığı anket formu kullanılmıştır. Veriler frekans, yüzde, ortalama ve standart sapma ile analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Covid-19 pandemisi sürecinde hastalığa yakalanan bireyler ile yakalanmayanların kullandıkları alternatif ve geleneksel uygulamalar incelendiğinde her iki grupta da en az bir yöntemin tercih edildiği görülmüştür. Bu yöntemler arasında hastalıkla mücadele etmek için ıhlamur, kekik, adaçayı (hastalığa yakalanan: %77,1; hastalığa yakalanmayanlar: %77,7) vb. bitkisel ürünlerin daha çok çay olarak tercih edildiği; hijyen uygulamalarından ise özellikle el/vücut hijyenine (hastalığa yakalanan: %40,1; hastalığa yakalanmayanlar: %43,6) dikkat edildiği; dini uygulamalar içerisindense en çok dua edildiği (hastalığa yakalanan: %54,7; hastalığa yakalanmayanlar: %50) ayrıca her iki grupta da rahatlatıcı uygulamalardan zihin-beden tekniklerinin (hastalığa yakalanan: %53,3; hastalığa yakalanmayanlar: %45,4) kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Koronavirüs hakkında bilgi edinmek amacıyla katılımcıların en çok kullandığı bilgi kaynakları sosyal medya ve internet (%32) olurken en çok danıştıkları sağlık personelleri hemşireler ve ebeler (%59,7) olduğu bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Bireylerin koronavirüs hastalığı ile mücadele etmek için alternatif ve geleneksel uygulamalardan en az bir yöntemi tercih ettiği görülmüştür.
Psöriatik artritli hastalarda santral sensitizasyon ve ilişkili klinik değişkenlerin değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Yetişir Ayşegül , Sarıyıldız Aylin , Varkal Gizem , Özbek Süleyman
Published: August 2024

Amaç: Psöriatik artritli (PsA) hastalarda santral sensitizasyonun uyku, ağrı düzeyi, hastalık aktivitesi gibi klinik değişkenler ile ilişkisini değerlendirmek, santral sensitizasyon gelişiminde etkili olan potansiyel risk faktörlerinin belirlenmesidir.
Materyal ve metod: Kesitsel tasarlanan bu çalışmaya 60 PsA’lı hasta ve 42 sağlıklı birey dahil edildi. Çalışma gruplarında santral sensitizasyon varlığı ve uyku kalitesi sırasıyla Santral Sensitizasyon Ölçeği (SSÖ) ve Jenkins Uyku Skalası (JSS) ile değerlendirildi. Hastaların ağrı, hassas ve şiş eklem sayısı, PsA için Hastalık Aktivite İndeksi (DAPSA) gibi hastalıkla ilişkili klinik değişkenleri kaydedildi. SSÖ puanı ile klinik parametreler arasındaki korelasyon Spearman analizi ile değerlendirildi. SSÖ puanını etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi, santral sensitizasyon gelişimine etkili risk faktörleri ise cinsiyete göre düzeltilmiş çoklu lojistik regresyon analizi ile değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: PsA grubunda %50 oranında santral sensitizasyon saptandı ve bu değer sağlıklı kontrollere (%21,4) göre anlamlı yüksekti (p=0,003). PsA hastaları kontrol grubuna kıyasla daha yüksek SSÖ ve JSS değerlerine sahipti. Santral sensitizasyonlu hastaların DAPSA, JSS ve Sayısal Derecelendirme Ölçeği-Ağrı (Numeric Rating Scale; NRS-ağrı) değerleri santral sensitizasyon olmayan hastalardan anlamlı olarak yüksekti. SSÖ puanları ile NRS-ağrı, DAPSA ve JSS puanları arasında güçlü pozitif korelasyon vardı (spearman’s rho sırasıyla 0,816, 0,753 ve 0,743). NRS-ağrı ve JSS, SSÖ puanını etkilemekteydi. Ayrıca NRS-ağrı santral sensitizasyon gelişiminde bağımsız risk faktörü olarak saptandı.
Sonuç: Bu çalışma PsA'lı hastalarda uyku kalitesi ile santral sensitizasyon arasında yakın bir ilişki olduğunu doğrulamaktadır. Hastaların değerlendirilmesinde ve tedavi planlamasında bu yakın ilişkinin göz önünde bulundurulması önemlidir.
Penerapan Layanan E-health pada Puskesmas Kota Surabaya dalam Memberikan Pelayanan kepada Masyarakat: Literature Review
Authors: Rusbaya Ageng , Ernawaty Ernawaty
Published: August 2024

Globalisasi membawa perubahan pada tata kelola pemerintahan secara tradisional dari administrasi berbasis kertas (paper base) menjadi pelayanan tata kelola pemerintah secara elektronik (e-government). Pemerintah Kota Surabaya melalui penerapan e-government membentuk layanan e-health untuk meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis penerapan layanan e-health pada pelayanan kesehatan Puskesmas Kota Surabaya. Metode pada penelitian ini mengunakan studi literature review. Aplikasi Publish on Perish digunakan pada pencarian Google Scholar dengan kata kunci “penerapan layanan E-health”, “E-health”, “Puskesmas”, dan “penerapan E-health di kota Surabaya” untuk rentang waktu 2016-2023 dan pada laman https://app.covidence.org guna melakukan screening sehingga didapatkan 13 artikel yang relevan dengan topik. Implementasi layanan e-health telah dilaksanakan dan sebagian masyarakat maupun tenaga kesehatan telah merasakan manfaatnya seperti mengurangi volume antrian, mempersingkat waktu tunggu pasien, memudahkan pasien dalam pelayanan rujukan, serta dapat meningkatkan kinerja petugas puskesmas. Namun masih terdapat kendala, diantaranya masyarakat yang gagap terkait penggunaan teknologi, sistem error, lampu mati, tidak ada fitur helpdesk, pasien tidak membatalkan pendaftaran ketika tidak jadi berobat ke puskesmas, hingga pasien yang salah memilih puskesmas. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa penerapan e-health belum terlaksana dengan baik dan belum merata di semua puskesmas Kota Surabaya.
IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM TAHASSUS DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS LULUSAN DI MAN 2 DARUL ULUM JOMBANG
Authors: Fadlilah Ainul
Published: August 2024

Artikel ini membahas pelaksanakan program takhassus al-Qurâ€™an dan kitab kuning. Melalui program tahassus diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas lulusan. Fokus penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana implementasi program tahasuus dalam meningkatkan kualitas lulusan siswa dan apa saja yang menjadi faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam pelaksanaan program tahassus di MAN 2 Darul Ulum Peterongan Jombang. Menggunakan studi kasaus dengan teknik pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi serta analisis data berbentuk deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat beberapa tahap dalam implementasi atau pelaksanaan program tahassus di MAN 2 Peterongan Jombang, yaitu tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam pelaksanakan takhassus ialah metode tahfidz dan takrir. Pelaksanaan tes atau ujian takhasus dilaksanakan pada tiap satu bulan sekali dan pada tiap satu semester. Setelah proses ujian tahassus selesai, siswa yang tidak lulus ujian akan di perkenankan mengikuti remidi untuk memperbaiki nilai ujian takahsus. Faktor yang mendukung pelaksanaan program tahassus adalah adanya dukungan guru dan orang tua serta pelaksanaan program takhassus tersebut dilaksanakan pada lingkungan pendidikan yang religius (lingkungan pesantren). Sedangkan factor penghambat adalah siswa memiliki rasa malas, kondisi fisik siswa yang kurang sehat, siswa sering mengantuk, dan siswa kurang fokus dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran takhassus.
Implementasi Program Belajar Mandiri Dalam Meningkatkan Sikap Percaya Diri Siswa Di SMA Trensains Tebuireng Jombang
Authors: Budiman Arif , Ridlwan Burhanuddin
Published: August 2024

Belajar mandiri yaitu meningkatkan kemauan dan keterampilan pembelajaran dalam proses belajar tanpa melibatkan oang lain dan tidak bergantung pada pembimbing, teman, atau orang lain. Sikap percaya diri adalah suatu sikap atau keyakinan atas kemampuan diri sendiri, sehingga dalam melakukan tindakan tidak memiliki keraguan. Penelitian ini membahas tentang Implementasi Program Belajar Mandiri Dalam Meningkatkan Sikap Percaya Diri Siswa Di SMA Trensains Tebuireng Jombang. Adapun fokus Ppnelitannya adalah 1) Bagaimana Program Belajar Mandiri Di SMA Trensains Tebuireng Jombang?. 2) Bagaimana Sikap Percaya Diri Siswa Di SMA Trensains Tebuireng Jombang?. 3) Bagaimana Implementasi Program Belajar Mandiri Dalam Meningkatkan Sikap Percaya Diri Siswa Di SMA Trensains Tebuireng  Jombang?. Adapun penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Informan pada penelitian ini terdiri dari kepala sekolah, Guru dan siswa. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa 1) SMA Trensains Tebuireng Jombang mendorong agar setiap siswanya memiliki cara belajarnya sendiri. 2) Percaya diri sudah menjadi keharusan bagi para siswanya. 3) Program belajar mandiri dalam meningkatkan sikap percaya diri di SMA Trensains Tebuireng Jombang dilakukan agar siswa dapat mengembangkan potensi-potensi yang dimiliki dengan cara mereka sendiri.
Kata Kunci : Belajar Mandiri, Sikap Percaya Diri
Cultivating Biodesigners: Integrating Local Biology, Culture, and Place-Based Design in Education
Authors: Takara Corinne Okada
Published: August 2024

The intersection of biology and design, termed 'biodesign', is rapidly evolving as an innovative field, drawing from local biology, culture, and community-centered practices. As educational institutions and community programs delve into biodesign, there is a growing need to formalize the frameworks encompassing the materials, participants, and environments conducive to this interdisciplinary field. This paper explores the expansion of biodesign through the lens of inclusivity, arguing for the broadening of what constitutes a biodesigner, biodesign materials, spaces, and knowledge systems. By embedding programming within communities and leveraging place-based materials and ancestral wisdom, we can foster a diverse array of voices in biodesign, enriching the discourse and application of biotechnological design. Central to our discussion is the shift in educational paradigms to prioritize place-based knowledge systems, emphasizing local biology, sustainable materials, and community-specific challenges. This approach not only nurtures a new generation of biodesigners but also responds to the increasing scarcity of traditional design materials by proposing localized biofabrication pathways. Through case studies of pilot programs in Hawai'i, a location heavily reliant on imported goods and energy yet rich in Indigenous innovation, we illustrate the potential of place-based biodesign education. Our findings suggest that biodesign education that uplifts local knowledge and materials at the center of innovation, can democratize biodesign, and engage communities historically marginalized from technological conversations. This approach not only enriches the biodesign ecosystem with a multitude of perspectives but also prepares students for active participation in the future of distributed biodesign, informed by ancestral practices and sustainable, place-based technologies.
Role of post-translational modifications of Sp1 in cancer: state of the art
Authors: Sun Xutao , Xiao Chengpu , Wang Xinyang , Wu Siyu , Yang Zhendong , Sui Bowen , Song Yunjia
Published: August 2024

Specific protein 1 (Sp1) is central to regulating transcription factor activity and cell signaling pathways. Sp1 is highly associated with the poor prognosis of various cancers; it is considered a non-oncogene addiction gene. The function of Sp1 is complex and contributes to regulating extensive transcriptional activity, apart from maintaining basal transcription. Sp1 activity and stability are affected by post-translational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, glycosylation, and SUMOylation. These modifications help to determine genetic programs that alter the Sp1 structure in different cells and increase or decrease its transcriptional activity and DNA binding stability in response to pathophysiological stimuli. Investigating the PTMs of Sp1 will contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanism underlying the cell signaling pathway regulating Sp1 stability and the regulatory mechanism by which Sp1 affects cancer progression. Furthermore, it will facilitate the development of new drug targets and biomarkers, thereby elucidating considerable implications in the prevention and treatment of cancer.
Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy, bioevents, and palaeoecological interpretation of the lower-middle Miocene outcrops in west central Sinai (Egypt)
Authors: Abu Shama Aziz , El-Nahrawy Sara , Farouk Sherif , Jovane Luigi , Al-Kahtany Khaled , Zaky Amr S.
Published: August 2024

The Burdigalian/Langhian (B/L) boundary has not yet been designated as a Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP), despite various proposed zonal schemes. In the Gulf of Suez region of Egypt, the Burdigalian-Langhian successions are notable for hosting significant hydrocarbon reservoirs within a tectonic rift setting. Therefore, biostatigraphy plays a crucial role in exploration endeavors in this area. The nannofossil biostratigraphy is investigated in two sections, Wadi Baba and Wadi Gharandel, of the lower-middle Miocene from west-central Sinai. Three biozones, NN3 (Sphenolithus belemnos) Zone, NN4 (Helicosphaera ampliaperta) Zone, and NN5 (Sphenolithus heteromorphus) Zone, are identified from the studied interval. The NN4 Zone could be divided into MNN4a/b and MNN4c. Important biovents are discussed, such as the S. heteromorphus paracme interval and the first occurrence and evolution of the Discoaster exilis and Discoaster variabilis groups. Based on the cluster analysis, the recorded taxa can be subdivided into four groups that reflect their palaeoclimatic preferences. The paleoecological interpretation of the studied Rudies Formation indicates prevailing cool and eutrophic nutrient conditions based on the dominance of taxa such as Coccolithus pelagicus, Reticulofenestra minuta, and Cyclicargolithus floridanus. The nannofossil taxa responses to sea level curve are interpreted. Fluctuations in taxa abundance and diversity indicate a slight rise in the sea level at the base of the Burdigalian followed by sudden drop in the sea level at the middle Burdigalian. High sea-level conditions prevailed again until the B/L boundary. During the Langhian period, many small-scale fluctuations in sea-level curve are detected.
Lipid on stroke in intracranial artery atherosclerotic stenosis: a mediation role of glucose
Authors: Li Sheng , Wang Yiqing , Zhu Xiangyi , Zheng He , Ni Jianqiang , Li Hao , Yang Yi
Published: August 2024

Objective

Expanding on previous investigations, this study aims to elucidate the role of lipid metabolism disorders in the development of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) and the determination of stroke risk. The primary objective is to explore the connections between lipid parameters and acute ischemic stroke (AIS), while also examining the potential mediating influence of fasting glucose levels.

Methods

Retrospectively, we collected data from symptomatic ICAS patients at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, including their baseline information such as medical histories and admission blood biochemical parameters. Stenotic conditions were evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography angiography, or digital subtraction angiography. The associations between lipid parameters and AIS risks were investigated via multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results

A total of 1103 patients with symptomatic ICAS were recruited, among whom 441 (40.0%) suffered new ischemic events during hospitalization. After adjusting for confounding factors, the RCS curves exhibited a dose-response relationship between the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and AIS. Further multivariate analysis revealed significant associations between these parameters and AIS. Furthermore, mediation analysis indicated that fasting blood glucose (FBG) acted as a mediator in the association between lipid parameters (AIP, TC, and TG) and AIS.

Conclusion

Higher lipid parameters in ICAS patients, particularly AIP, TC, and TG, were associated with an increased AIS risk. Additionally, FBG may mediate stroke risk in ICAS patients, highlighting the need for further exploration of underlying mechanisms.
Identification of key metabolism-related genes and pathways in spontaneous preterm birth: combining bioinformatic analysis and machine learning
Authors: Lv Wenqi , Xie Han , Wu Shengyu , Dong Jiaqi , Jia Yuanhui , Ying Hao
Published: August 2024

Background

Spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) is a global disease that is a leading cause of death in neonates and children younger than 5 years of age. However, the etiology of sPTB remains poorly understood. Recent evidence has shown a strong association between metabolic disorders and sPTB. To determine the metabolic alterations in sPTB patients, we used various bioinformatics methods to analyze the abnormal changes in metabolic pathways in the preterm placenta via existing datasets.

Methods

In this study, we integrated two datasets (GSE203507 and GSE174415) from the NCBI GEO database for the following analysis. We utilized the “Deseq2” R package and WGCNA for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis; the identified DEGs were subsequently compared with metabolism-related genes. To identify the altered metabolism-related pathways and hub genes in sPTB patients, we performed multiple functional enrichment analysis and applied three machine learning algorithms, LASSO, SVM-RFE, and RF, with the hub genes that were verified by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, we conducted single-sample gene set enrichment analysis to assess immune infiltration in the placenta.

Results

We identified 228 sPTB-related DEGs that were enriched in pathways such as arachidonic acid and glutathione metabolism. A total of 3 metabolism-related hub genes, namely, ANPEP, CKMT1B, and PLA2G4A, were identified and validated in external datasets and experiments. A nomogram model was developed and evaluated with 3 hub genes; the model could reliably distinguish sPTB patients and term labor patients with an area under the curve (AUC) > 0.75 for both the training and validation sets. Immune infiltration analysis revealed immune dysregulation in sPTB patients.

Conclusion

Three potential hub genes that influence the occurrence of sPTB through shadow participation in placental metabolism were identified; these results provide a new perspective for the development and targeting of treatments for sPTB.
Simultaneous detection of multiple urinary biomarkers in patients with early-stage diabetic kidney disease using Luminex liquid suspension chip technology
Authors: Li Xinran , Zhang Xinxin , Wang Shenglan , Li Yuan , Meng Cheng , Wang Jingyu , Chang Baocheng , Yang Juhong
Published: August 2024

Background

Several urinary biomarkers have good diagnostic value for diabetic kidney disease (DKD); however, the predictive value is limited with the use of single biomarkers. We investigated the clinical value of Luminex liquid suspension chip detection of several urinary biomarkers simultaneously.

Methods

The study included 737 patients: 585 with diabetes mellitus (DM) and 152 with DKD. Propensity score matching (PSM) of demographic and medical characteristics identified a subset of 78 patients (DM = 39, DKD = 39). Two Luminex liquid suspension chips were used to detect 11 urinary biomarkers according to their molecular weight and concentration. The biomarkers, including cystatin C (CysC), nephrin, epidermal growth factor (EGF), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), retinol-binding protein4 (RBP4), α1-microglobulin (α1-MG), β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), vitamin D binding protein (VDBP), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (TNFR-1), and tumor necrosis factor receptor-2 (TNFR-2) were compared in the DM and DKD groups. The diagnostic values of single biomarkers and various biomarker combinations for early diagnosis of DKD were assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results

Urinary levels of VDBP, RBP4, and KIM-1 were markedly higher in the DKD group than in the DM group (p < 0.05), whereas the TIMP-1, TNFR-1, TNFR-2, α1-MG, β2-MG, CysC, nephrin, and EGF levels were not significantly different between the groups. RBP4, KIM-1, TNFR-2, and VDBP reached p < 0.01 in univariate analysis and were entered into the final analysis. VDBP had the highest AUC (0.780, p < 0.01), followed by RBP4 (0.711, p < 0.01), KIM-1 (0.640, p = 0.044), and TNFR-2 (0.615, p = 0.081). However, a combination of these four urinary biomarkers had the highest AUC (0.812), with a sensitivity of 0.742 and a specificity of 0.760.

Conclusions

The urinary levels of VDBP, RBP4, KIM-1, and TNFR-2 can be detected simultaneously using Luminex liquid suspension chip technology. The combination of these biomarkers, which reflect different mechanisms of kidney damage, had the highest diagnostic value for DKD. However, this finding should be explored further to understand the synergistic effects of these biomarkers.
Oxidative stress mediates the association between triglyceride-glucose index and risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in metabolic syndrome: evidence from a prospective cohort study
Authors: Yang Ming , Shangguan Qing , Xie Guobo , Sheng Guotai , Yang Jingqi
Published: August 2024

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in adults with metabolic syndrome (MeS) and explore the mediating role of oxidative stress.

Methods

This study included 6131 adults with MeS from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The relationships between TyG index and mortality were elucidated using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models, restricted cubic splines (RCS) Fine-Gray competing risk model. In addition, mediation analysis was used to test the indirect effect of oxidative stress indicators.

Results

Over a median 106-month follow-up, a total of 357 CVD and 1292 all-cause deaths were recorded. After multivariate adjustment, there was a J-type relationship between TyG index and CVD and all-cause mortality, with optimal inflection point of 9.13 and 8.92. After the threshold point, TyG index was positively associated with CVD (HR: 4.21, 95%CI: 1.82, 9.78) and all-cause mortality(HR: 2.93, 95%CI: 2.05, 4.18). Even using non-cardiovascular mortality as a competitive risk, the Fine-Gray model also illustrated that the cumulative CVD mortality incidence was higher in MeS with TyG index >9.13 (Fine-Gray P< 0.01). Mediation analysis revealed that biomarkers of oxidative stress, including gamma-glutamyl transferase and uric acid, collectively mediated 10.53% of the association between the TyG index and CVD mortality, and 8.44% of the association with all-cause mortality (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

In the cohort study, TyG index was found to have a J-shaped association with CVD mortality and all-cause mortality in MeS population and oxidative stress may play a key mediating role in this relationship.
Understanding the information of shock effects between energy commodity prices and maritime freight rate
Authors: Chen Feier , Tang Juanjuan , Chen Jianuo , Yin Shuo , Du Luhui , Fu Guiyuan , Xu Feng , Liang Xiaofeng
Published: August 2024

Research has identified volatility transmission from the oil market to the tanker freight market through external shocks. However, in the presence of intricate nonlinear structures, the academic literature often encounters difficulties in identifying cycles and their correlations across various timescales. This paper provides a multi-market analysis to comprehend the information from shock effects on different tanker routes and multi-peak fitting. Under different shock regimes, crude oil market and tanker freight rate shocks could transit bi-directly. When events occur, the crude oil market prices the expectations. However, when the actual performance of the future market differs from the traders’ predictions of the future market, a price gap exists. Generally, the trade opportunity is tough to catch up on because only partial information can be found. In this study, we investigate the volatility connection of multi-markets and shock effects to clarify previously undisclosed information using multi-peak analysis. The information gathered and double-checked by cargo markets, crude oil supply-demand balance, and tanker freight prices of various tanker types could assist us in identifying prospective trends and investment opportunities. The volatility of each market, as well as the correlation of multi-markets, gives insights to crude oil dealers, tanker market participants, and energy regulators.
Adaptive passive fault tolerant control of DFIG-based wind turbine using a self-tuning fractional integral sliding mode control
Authors: Bouguettah Imene , Messadi Manal , Kemih Karim , Azar Ahmad Taher , Mahlous Ahmed Redha
Published: August 2024

Controlling variable wind speed turbine (VWT) system based on a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) is a challenging task. It requires a control law that is both adaptable and robust enough to handle the complex dynamics of the closed control loop system. Sliding mode control (SMC) is a robust control technology that has shown good performance when employed as a passive fault-tolerant control for wind energy systems. To improve the closed control loop of VWT based on DFIG with the aim of improving energy efficiency, even in presence of nonlinearities and a certain range of bounded parametric uncertainties, whether electrically or mechanically, an adaptive passive fault tolerant control (AP-FTC) based on a self-tuning fractional integral sliding mode control law (ST-FISMC) developed from a novel hyperbolic fractional surface is proposed in this paper. ST-FISMC introduces a nonlinear hyperbolic function into the sliding manifold for self-tuning adaptation of control law, while fractional integral of the control law smooths discontinuous sign function to reduce chattering. Additionally, this work introduces an adaptive observer, developed and proved based on a chosen Lyapunov function. This observer is designed to estimate variations in electrical parameters and stator flux, ensuring sensorless decoupling in indirect field- oriented control (SI-FOC) of DFIG. Lyapunov theory is also used to prove stability of states vectors in closed control loop with presence of bounded parameters uncertainties or external disturbances. Simulation results show that the proposed approach offers better performance in capturing optimal wind energy, as well as the ability to regulate active/reactive power and high resilience in presence of occurring parameter uncertainties or external disturbances.
How the digital economy can contribute to green manufacturing efficiency
Authors: Sun Xiaoshu , Zhang Wanyu , Kuang Xianming
Published: August 2024

In response to the global call to promote green production and achieve sustainable development, the proper use of the digital economy plays an important role. The deepening development of the digital economy has led to changes in the input of manufacturing factors and the structure of product demand, which in turn has led to corresponding changes in the level of green and sustainable development. This study employs a factor input-output non-expectation SBM-DEM model to assess the green manufacturing efficiency of 273 prefecture-level and higher cities in China. The relationship between the digital economy and green manufacturing efficiency is analyzed based on this model. The rise of the digital economy is found to contribute to the increase in green manufacturing efficiency, albeit with a non-linear “inverted U-shaped” trend. At the same time, the current level of digital economy development is slowly improving but has not yet reached the inflection point of the “inverted U-shaped” curve, and digital economy development still has a positive impact on green manufacturing efficiency at the current level of development. Furthermore, government intervention is critical in moderating the inverted U-shaped link between the digital economy and green manufacturing efficiency, which has a major weakening effect.
Post-marketing drug safety surveillance of enfortumab vedotin: an observational pharmacovigilance study based on a real-world database
Authors: Yu Mingming , Zhou Lijun , Cao Mengda , Ji Chunmei , Zheng Yuanyi
Published: August 2024

Background

Enfortumab vedotin (EV) is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) that has been approved by the FDA for patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC). This study presents a comprehensive pharmacovigilance analysis of the post-marketing safety profile of EV in the real-world based on the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

Methods

Adverse event (AE) reports regarding EV between January 2020 and December 2023 were obtained from the FAERS database. The standardized MedDRA query (SMQ) narrow search AEs on the preferred term (PT) level were used. Disproportionality analysis was performed to identify the AE signals for EV with the reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker (MGPS), and Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN).

Results

A total of 2,216 reports regarding EV were included in the present study. SMQ analysis results indicated that a stronger strength signal was found in severe cutaneous adverse reactions, retroperitoneal fibrosis, and peripheral neuropathy. A total of 116 significant disproportionality PTs referring to 14 system organ classes (SOCs) were retained by disproportionality analysis, with 49 PTs not listed on the EV drug label. Frequently reported EV-related AEs included rash, peripheral neuropathy, decreased appetite, alopecia, and pruritus. The time to onset of the majority of EV-related AEs was within 30 days (66.05%), with only 0.73% events occurring after 1 year.

Conclusion

The disproportionality analysis highlights that dermatologic toxicity and peripheral neuropathy were the major AEs induced by EV. The potential AEs not listed on the drug label were mainly related to gastrointestinal, hepatic, and pulmonary events. Further research is needed to confirm and explore the EV-related AEs in clinical practice.
Peripheral blood T-cell modulation by omalizumab in chronic urticaria patients
Authors: López Cristina , Depreux Nathalie , Bielsa Isabel , Roger Albert , Quirant-Sanchez Bibiana , Basagaña Maria , Jurgens Yanina , Padró Clara , Miquel Sira , Martinez-Caceres Eva , Teniente-Serra Aina
Published: August 2024

Background

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a highly prevalent and difficult to manage cutaneous disease characterized by the presence of recurrent urticaria, angioedema, or both, for a period of 6 weeks or longer. One of the biological treatments used for patients with CSU with an autoimmune background and bad control of the disease is omalizumab, an anti-IgE monoclonal antibody. The understanding of the mechanism of action of this biological drug in CSU along with the identification of potential biomarkers of clinical response can be helpful in the personalized management of the disease.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of omalizumab on peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with CSU in order to identify potential biomarkers of treatment response.

Methods

We analyzed 71 patients with CSU [33 under omalizumab and 38 under non-immunomodulatory drugs (treated with antihistamines; NID)] and 50 healthy controls. An exhaustive immunophenotyping of whole blood T-cell subpopulations, including naïve, central memory, effector memory, effector cells, Th1, Th2, and Th17 was performed by multiparametric flow cytometry. Moreover, in CSU patients, we analyzed markers of inflammation (ESR, DD, CRP), atopy (prick test, IgE quantification), and autoimmunity (anti-thyroid antibodies and indirect basophil activation test).To evaluate the clinical activity, the Urticaria Activity Score 7 (UAS 7) test was used.

Results

In patients with CSU under treatment with omalizumab, there was a significant decrease in the percentage of naïve and an increase in the percentage of central memory CD4 T cells as well as a decrease in the percentage of naïve and increase in the percentage of effector CD8 T-cell subsets. Moreover, patients under treatment with omalizumab had higher percentages of Th1 and Th2 cells than patients under treatment with NID.

Conclusion

The immune monitoring of T-cell subpopulations in patients with CSU starting omalizumab, may be a useful strategy to analyze treatment response in the clinical practice.
Source of plastic contamination of the rivers ending to the Gorgan Bay, southeast of the Caspian Sea, Iran
Authors: Gholizadeh Mohammad , Hedayati Aliakbar , Pouladi Mojtaba , Sundaramanickam Arumugam
Published: August 2024

The widespread presence of microplastics (MPs) in freshwater systems as an emerging environmental pollutant has caused a global environmental problem. The present study investigates the distribution and abundance of source pathway and abundance of microplastics in surface sediment samples from rivers discharging into the Gorgan Bay, southeast of the Caspian Sea. A total of 57 surface sediment samples were taken from 19 stations to investigate the potential hot spots of pollution in the four rivers leading to the Gorgan Bay. The average level of microplastics was 333 ± 268 particles/kg. The highest amount is in the estuary of the Qarasu River (1080 ± 380 particles/kg) due to the accumulation of fishing, boating and tourism activities and the lowest amount in the forest area (80 ± 19 particles/kg) in the Klak River. The most common type of microplastic was fiber (68%). Microplastic pollution in the studied rivers is mostly black and gray (75.39%), and about 53% of them were sized less than 1000 μm. Spectroscopic analysis (Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) of the MP showed that 37% were polyethylene, polyethylene (37%) and polypropylene (27%) were the dominating groups. The sediments’ size was significantly correlated (p>0.05) with the presence of microplastics. Sediments with a coarse grain (sand) demonstrated a great potential to store microplastics. The results of this study can be used for the management and protection policies of Gorgan Bay.
An ocean practices maturity model: from good to best practices
Authors: Mantovani Carlo , Pearlman Jay , Rubio Anna , Przeslawski Rachel , Bushnell Mark , Simpson Pauline , Corgnati Lorenzo , Alvarez Enrique , Cosoli Simone , Roarty Hugh
Published: August 2024

Ocean practices, intended as a wide spectrum of methodologies supporting ocean-related research, operations, and applications, are constantly developed and improved to enable informed decision-making. Practices start from the idea of an individual or a group and often evolve towards what can be called good or best practices. This bottom-up approach may in principle result in different paths for the evolution of each practice, and ultimately generate situations where it is not clear to a new user how to compare two practices aiming at the same objective, and determine which one is best. Also, although a best practice is supposed to be the result of a multi-institutional collaborative effort based on the principles of evidence, repeatability and comparability, a set of individual requirements is not yet defined in literature for a practice to be considered a good, better, and ultimately a best practice. This paper proposes a method for addressing those questions and presents a new maturity model for ocean practices, built upon existing maturity models for systems and software, developed and adopted in the last decades. The model provides attributes for assessing both the maturity of the practice description and its implementation. It also provides a framework for analyzing gaps and suggesting actions for practice evolution. The model has been tested against a series of widely adopted practices and the results are reported and discussed. This work facilitates a common approach for developing and assessing practices, from which greater interoperability and trust can be achieved.
Prediction and prevention of concrete chloride penetration: machine learning and MICP techniques
Authors: Li Lianqiang , Su Le , Guo Bingchuan , Cai Rongjiang , Wang Xi , Zhang Tao
Published: August 2024

The chloride migration coefficient (CMC) of concrete is crucial for evaluating its durability. This study develops ensemble models to predict the CMC of concrete, addressing the limitations of traditional, labor-intensive laboratory tests. We developed three ensemble models: an inverse variance-based model, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-based model, and a tree-based model using the random forest regression algorithm. These models were trained on a dataset comprising 843 concrete mix proportions from existing literature. Results indicate that ensemble models outperform single models such as ANN and Support Vector Regression (SVR) in predicting CMC, with the combined random forest and ANN model showing the highest accuracy. Sensitivity analysis using Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) reveals that the CMC is most influenced by the water-to-cement ratio and curing age. Additionally, we designed a graphical user interface (GUI) to facilitate the practical application of our models. This research offers a robust methodology for evaluating concrete durability and potential for extending the prediction to other concrete properties.