bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Learning pathways of necessity and opportunity-driven women entrepreneurs: a qualitative study
Authors: Lingappa Anasuya K. , Rodrigus L.R. Lewlyn , Shetty Dasharathraj K.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to provide insights into the learning approaches of necessity (NEC)-driven and opportunity (OPP) driven women entrepreneurs (WEs) in the Indian context. It investigates the various pathways small business owners use to acquire knowledge and develop competencies. Additionally, it examines the potential differences between the two groups to better understand their learning processes. This understanding, particularly from the perspective of an emerging nation, can inform policymakers, WE organizations, NGOs and families in creating a supportive environment that fosters positive and effective learning experiences for WEs.

Design/methodology/approach

Qualitative research study using semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 16 micro, small and medium enterprises entrepreneurs in the state of Karnataka, India. Thematic analysis was used to draw out the themes from the rich textual data collected using the computer assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS) tool, ATLAS.ti 23.

Findings

Thematic analysis identified four major themes, namely, routinized learning, learning through critical experiences, self-driven mechanisms and learning from others. The findings reveal that NEC and OPP women entrepreneurs do not greatly differ in their pathways to learning except for some minor dissimilarities.

Originality/value

This study provides a unique viewpoint on the learning mechanisms of women entrepreneurs in small businesses in the context of an emerging economy. It additionally deliberates on the similarities and differences among NEC and OPP motivated WEs, where studies are rare.
Always on emails and employee wellbeing: the role of subjective norm of connectivity
Authors: Tatar Berivan , Erdil Oya
Published: December 2024

Purpose

In recent years, technological advancement has radically changed the landscape of work by creating an “always-on” workplace. As a result, many employees use their information and communication technologies (ICTs) to perform work-related tasks during personal times. This constant availability then paves the way for harming the employee’s wellbeing. Nevertheless, research on ICTs usage after-hours has received limited consideration in organizational scholarship. To address this gap in the literature, current study aims to examine the relationships between workplace telepressure and employee wellbeing with the role of work-related email (WRE) use after-hours and subjective norm of connectivity.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 421 employees from different sectors. The hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling and PROCESS macro for SPSS.

Findings

The results showed that (1) workplace telepressure positively relates to work-related email use after-hours; (2) work-related email use after-hours negatively relates to employee wellbeing; (3) the subjective norm of connectivity moderates the link between workplace telepressure and work-related email use after-hours and (4) work-related email use during nonwork hours mediates the link between workplace telepressure and employee wellbeing.

Originality/value

This study contributes to overcoming the lack of studies by investigating underlying mechanisms and boundary conditions for ICTs during nonwork hours. In this expanded sense, this study broadens our understanding of WRE use after-hours by delineating the impact of workplace telepressure, subjective norm of connectivity and employee wellbeing.
Strength assessment and lightweight optimization design of a bogie frame based on the structural stress method
Authors: Ding Long , He Zhengping , Chen Bingzhi
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Achieve a lightweight design for a bogie frame while ensuring it meets strength requirements by conducting static and fatigue strength assessments and optimizing plate thickness.

Design/methodology/approach

Establish a finite element model and determine loads according to the UIC615-4 standard. Fatigue strength assessments are conducted using the structural stress method. Size optimization for plate thickness is performed with constraints on maximum static strength and total fatigue damage of the weld. Multi-objective optimization design is carried out using Isight software, with sensitivity analysis to identify key plates. The neural network model is chosen as the approximation model, and the NSGA-II multi-objective genetic algorithm is selected as the optimization algorithm.

Findings

The strength assessment reveals a significant margin. Through size optimization of plate thickness with constraints on static strength and fatigue damage, the frame’s mass is reduced by 9.59%, achieving a lightweight design while meeting strength requirements.

Originality/value

In many lightweight studies, the inclusion of fatigue assessment through the structural stress method in the optimization process is often overlooked. However, this paper addresses this gap by incorporating it and providing a detailed operational procedure. Such consideration holds reference value for the design of lightweight optimization, especially when fatigue strength is a critical consideration.
Identification and application of dynamic parameters of manipulator based on improved IRLS algorithm
Authors: Meng Xiangchang , Xu Shuo , Han Ming , Li Tiejun , Liu Jinyue
Published: December 2024

Purpose

To overcome the shortcomings of traditional dynamic parameter identification methods in accuracy and efficiency, this paper aims to propose a dynamic parameter identification method based on improved iterative reweighted least squares (IIRLS) algorithm.

Design/methodology/approach

First, Newton–Euler method is used to establish the dynamic model of the robot, which is linearized and reorganized. Then, taking the improved Fourier series as the excitation trajectory, the optimization model with objective function is established and optimized. Then, the manipulator runs the optimized trajectory and collects the running state of the joint. Finally, the iterative process of iterative reweighted least squares (IRLS) algorithm is improved by combining clustering algorithm and matrix inversion operation rules, and the dynamic model of robot is identified by using the processed collected data.

Findings

Experimental results show that, compared with the IRLS algorithm, the root mean square of the proposed IIRLS algorithm is reduced by 4.18% and the identification time is reduced by 94.92% when the sampling point is 1001. This shows that IIRLS algorithm can identify the dynamic model more accurately and efficiently.

Originality/value

It effectively solves the problem of low accuracy and efficiency of parameter identification in robot dynamic model and can be used as an effective method for parameter estimation of robot dynamic model, which is of great significance to the research of control method based on robot model.
How virtual reality influences collaboration performance: a team-level analysis
Authors: Suh Ayoung
Published: December 2024

Purpose

In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the interest in the use of virtual reality (VR) for organizational collaboration has dramatically increased. However, empirical research on the optimal types of VR and avatar designs for effective collaboration remains limited. To address these gaps, this study investigates how VR types (immersive vs non-immersive) and avatar similarity (high vs low) impact collaboration performance, with a focus on the mediating roles of somatic, psychological and behavioral engagement.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on embodied cognition theory and grounded in user engagement theory, we developed a research model that delineates the factors influencing collaboration performance. This model was empirically tested with data collected from a laboratory experiment involving 195 participants, employing a 2 × 2 factorial design. The Engage VR was used for the experiment because it supports the same virtual environment for collaboration between immersive and non-immersive VR contexts. The data were analyzed at the team level (n = 65).

Findings

The results of this study reveal that both immersive VR and high avatar similarity significantly enhance collaboration performance by augmenting somatic engagement, which subsequently boosts psychological and behavioral engagement.

Originality/value

This research deepens the scholarly understanding of the intricate interplay among VR types, avatar design and user engagement. The study’s theoretical implications underscore the conceptualization of somatic engagement as a critical dimension of user engagement in virtual collaboration, enriching the extant literature on VR-based collaboration. It also provides pragmatic insights to enhance virtual collaboration in the workplace.
Enhancing portfolio decision-making: a capital asset pricing model-based clustering analysis
Authors: Pooja R. , Kayal Parthajit , Maiti Moinak
Published: December 2024

Purpose

To enhance portfolio decision-making using a capital asset pricing model-based clustering analysis.

Design/methodology/approach

Capital asset pricing model (CAPM); K-means clustering; agglomerative clustering.

Findings

Employing clustering along with CAPM to identify varying levels of risk appetite among customers enables the customization of security recommendations, enhancing client satisfaction and portfolio performance.

Originality/value

By employing multi-factor models as the foundation for clustering, thereby integrating additional dimensions of risk and return.
Audit firms’ entry into H-share audit market and mainland audit pricing: evidence from China
Authors: Zhang Rui , Tian Gaoliang , Tian Zichen , Li Liuchuang
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate whether mainland Chinese audit firms’ entry into the H-share market to provide audit services affects their mainland audit pricing.

Design/methodology/approach

Using data on A-share listed companies in China from 2008 to 2018, a difference-in-differences model to test the research question is designed. Robustness tests are conducted to rule out alternative explanations and additional tests to shed light on the extent and inner workings of the main effect.

Findings

The entry of mainland audit firms into the H-share audit market leads to a significant decrease in mainland audit pricing. Moreover, this main effect is (i) growing with the importance of H-share audit services to mainland auditors, (ii) stronger for mainland auditors with lower industry specialisation and shorter tenures, (iii) partially mediated by audit efficiency and (iv) greater when mainland clients have higher bargaining power. Furthermore, mainland auditors’ entry into the H-share audit market does not result in significant deterioration in their mainland audit quality, and significantly increases their market share in the mainland audit market.

Originality/value

This study provides new empirical evidence of the relationship between audit firms’ development strategy for internationalisation and audit pricing, extends the literature on auditing issues in emerging markets and should be of potential interest to regulators and investors.
Clinical characterization of mycosis fungoides with abnormal light reactions induced by narrow‐band UVB therapy: A review of a single‐center experience
Authors: Mizawa Megumi , Makino Teruhiko , Furukawa Fumina , Shimizu Tadamichi
Published: December 2024

Narrow‐band UVB (NB‐UVB) therapy at a wavelength of 311 nm is often used to treat mycosis fungoides (MF). However, we occasionally encounter cases of erythema induced by low doses of NB‐UVB, known as an abnormal light reaction (ALR). We investigated the incidence of ALR in patients with MF and the association between ALR and clinical and laboratory findings. Forty patients (30 men and 10 women) with MF (excluding patients treated with bexarotene or etretinate) who received NB‐UVB therapy at the Department of Dermatology, University of Toyama, from January to December 2022 were analyzed. ALR was defined as erythema caused by NB‐UVB irradiation of the nonlesional skin at a dose of ≤0.5 J/cm2. ALR occurred in six of 40 patients (15%). The main symptoms of ALR are erythema, irritation, and itching. ALR was observed in patients with Fitzpatrick skin types II and III, and was more common in patients with T2 and T4 disease than in others. The mechanism underlying its occurrence is unknown; however, it has been suggested that ALR is more likely to occur in patients with extensive skin lesions. In addition, treatment can be continued by reducing the dose of NB‐UVB or switching to a 308‐nm excimer laser, even when ALR occurs. Accumulation of additional cases is required because there were only six patients with ALR in this study.
Evaluating restoration success using metric‐based indicators of ecosystem recovery in tidal marshes along the northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Dybiec Jacob M. , Ledford Taylor , Rinehart Shelby , Tatariw Corianne , Mortazavi Behzad , Cherry Julia A.
Published: December 2024

Habitat restoration is commonly used to recover ecosystem services, but due to resource constraints, post‐project monitoring often fails to fully evaluate the recovery of important ecosystem functions. Metric‐based indicators use simple‐to‐measure variables to assess ecosystem health and function, thereby providing a time‐ and cost‐effective method to improve monitoring.

We used a tidal‐marsh data set to develop metric‐based indicators of ecosystem recovery. In 2021 and 2022, we surveyed eight restored/created and three natural reference tidal marshes in the northern Gulf of Mexico to assess the recovery of ecosystem attributes (e.g. above‐ and below‐ground biomass, soil organic matter [SOM] and sediment total carbon [C] and total nitrogen [N]). To determine what combinations of variables best predicted recovery, we split our data into model training and testing data sets, used backwards model selection and then created and tested a metric‐based indicator of ecosystem recovery.

Recovery of plant above‐ and below‐ground biomass and sediment structure (i.e. SOM, C and N)—important measures of wetland carbon sink capacity and biogeochemical functioning—could be predicted through a combination of simpler to measure variables, such as time since restoration, percent plant cover and sediment bulk density. The indicator constructed from these relationships was highly effective in predicting the development of ecosystem attributes (r = 0.85, p < 0.001).

Synthesis and applications. This indicator approach provides an effective but simple method to assess the recovery of ecosystem attributes in tidal marshes, and it can be used to develop similar indicators in other ecosystems. By overcoming resource constraints of post‐project monitoring, metric‐based indicators of ecosystem recovery may serve as a key strategy to improve restoration outcomes.
Preparation and characterization of polyphenol–chitosan conjugate–eugenol essential oil microcapsule and its effect on storage behavior of cherry tomato
Authors: Yu Xiaohong , Hu Erhu , Liu Fengyi , Zhang Yan , Li Wangwang , Lyu Yongmei , Li Fengwei , Wang Dujun , Jin Wenbin
Published: December 2024

Given the high volatility, low water solubility, and oxidative sensitivity of essential oils, this study synthesized microcapsules of essential oil (EEO) (quercetin–chitosan–EEO [QE–CS–EEO]) using a QE–CS graft copolymer as the wall material and EEO as the core material. Research findings indicate that QE–CS exhibits superior in vitro antioxidant activity, with scavenging abilities for 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) ABTS+ radicals being 58.71% and 77.03% greater than those of CS, respectively, thereby providing more effective protection for the essential oil. In comparison to CS essential oil, microcapsules (CS–EEO), QE–CS–EEO demonstrated an 18.65% increase in EEO encapsulation efficiency, achieving a total encapsulation efficiency of 41.29%. Based on these results, various edible coating solutions were formulated, including Control, E1 (1% CS), E2 (0.5% CS + 0.5% CS–EEO), E3 (0.5% CS + 0.5% QE–CS–EEO), and E4 (1% EEO), to extend the shelf life of cherry tomatoes. Notably, cherry tomatoes treated with the E3 formulation maintained superior freshness indicators, exhibiting an extended shelf life of approximately 9–12 days compared to the control group. This study aims to explore a novel microcapsule wall material and provide a strategy for extending the shelf life of fruits and vegetables, thereby minimizing food waste.
Circ_0096710 facilitates tumor growth via controlling ADAM10 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Dong Chaoqun , Li Zhilong
Published: December 2024

Background

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a global cancer related to the sixth largest cause of death. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have affected the progress of ESCC during recent years, but the mechanism is not completely clear. So here we probed the effects of hsa_circ_0096710 (circ_0096710) in ESCC.

Methods

Relative levels of circ_0096710, miR‐1294, and ADAM10 were quantified by the quantitative real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction in ESCC tissues. Western blot assessed ADAM10, PCNA, MMP2, VEGFA, and OCT4 protein levels. Cell proliferative capacity was assessed by cell counting and cell colony‐forming assays. Transwell assays assessed cell migration and invasion. Angiogenesis was detected by tube formation assays. Stemness of cancer cells was estimated by sphere formation assays. Dual‐luciferin reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays determined the targeting relationship between miR‐1294 and circ_0096710 or ADAM10.

Results

Relative levels of circ_0096710 and ADAM10 mRNA were upregulated in ESCC cells, yet miR‐1294 was downregulated. Circ_0096710 silencing repressed ESCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and stem‐like properties. Moreover, circ_0096710 was an upstream target of miR‐1294, and miR‐1294 inhibition reversed the role of circ_0096710 downregulation in ESCC cells. Furthermore, ADAM10 was a downstream target of miR‐1294, and miR‐1294 overexpression suppressed ESCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and stem‐like properties by targeting ADAM10. Meanwhile, circ_0096710 upgraded ADAM10 expression through sponging miR‐1294. Also, circ_0096710 downregulation restrained tumor growth in mouse models.

Conclusion

Circ_0096710 upregulates ADAM10 via mediating miR‐1294 expression so as to accelerate the occurrence of ESCC, suggesting that circ_0096710 may be a potential therapeutic target for ESCC.
Australian dermatologists' prescribing behaviours for female androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Willems Anneliese , Sinclair Rodney
Published: December 2024

Female androgenetic alopecia (FAGA) affects approximately half of women during their lifetime and can have significant psychological impact. Despite its prevalence, treatment options have traditionally been limited. In this study, we examined the current prescribing patterns of Australian dermatologists for FAGA (n = 54), including the use of spironolactone, systemic minoxidil, topical minoxidil and combination treatments.
A thematic analysis of perioperative mortality following major renal surgery in Australia: where do we go wrong?
Authors: Hiwase Mrunal D. , Brien Sean , Catterwell Rick
Published: December 2024

Background

Major renal surgery describes a spectrum of operations with varying complexity and perioperative risk. This study aims to identify preventable issues contributing to perioperative mortality in patients undergoing major renal surgery.

Methods

Data was extracted from independent peer‐reviewed first‐ and second‐line assessments of perioperative mortality in the Australian and New Zealand Audits of Surgical Mortality (ANZASM) database from 2005 to 2015. A data‐driven thematic classification was performed by two independent senior assessors on Clinical Management Issues (CMIs) raised in ANZASM assessments. This was used to identify recurrent areas of vulnerability in patient management and means for risk reduction.

Results

Eighty‐nine cases of perioperative mortality were included and 68 CMIs identified. Thirty CMIs pertained to pre‐operative issues, most relating to the decision to operate (10/30) or adequacy of pre‐operative assessment and optimization (9/30). Twenty‐three CMIs related to post‐operative concerns, mostly bleeding (7/23), though delayed complication recognition (3/23) and communication issues (5/23) were also noted. Intra‐operative CMIs were less common (15/68), but more directly causal to deaths. Most intra‐operative CMIs related to major vascular injury (5/15) or delayed conversion (4/15).

Conclusion

Several preventable clinical management issues were identified contributing to perioperative mortality. Most commonly, they concerned pre‐operative patient assessment and optimization for anaemia and cardiovascular disease. The most harmful CMIs, however, pertained to delayed conversion and vascular injury in laparoscopic major renal surgery. This article highlights several actionable changes to reduce peri‐operative mortality in major renal surgery.
Neuropathological and cerebrospinal fluid correlates of choroid plexus inflammation in progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Magliozzi R. , Hametner S. , Mastantuono M. , Mensi A. , Karimian M. , Griffiths L. , Watkins L. M. , Poli A. , Berti G. M. , Barusolo E. , Bellini B. , Rossi S. , Gveric D. , Stratton J. A. , Akassoglou K. , Magon S. , Nicholas R. , Reynolds R. , Howell O. W. , Monaco S.
Published: December 2024

Among the intrathecal inflammatory niches where compartmentalized inflammation persists and plays a pivotal role in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS), choroid plexus (CP) has recently received renewed attention. To better characterize the neuropathological/molecular correlates of CP in progressive MS and its potential link with other brain inflammatory compartments, such as perivascular spaces and leptomeninges, the levels, composition and phenotype of CP immune infiltration in lateral ventricles of the hippocampus were examined in 40 post‐mortem pathologically confirmed MS and 10 healthy donors, using immunochemistry/immunofluorescence and in‐situ sequencing. Significant inflammation was detected in the CP of 21 out of the 40 MS cases (52%). The degree of CP inflammation was found correlated with: number of CP macrophages (R: 0.878, p = 1.012 x 10‐13) and high frequency of innate immune cells expressing the markers MHC‐class II, CD163, CD209, CD11c, TREM2 and TSPO; perivascular inflammation (R: 0.509, p = 7.921 x 10‐4), and less with meningeal inflammation (R: 0.365, p = 0.021); number of active lesions (R: 0.51, p: 3.524 x 10‐5). However, it did not significantly correlate with any clinical/demographic characteristics of the examined population. In‐situ sequencing analysis of gene expression in the CP of 3 representative MS cases and 3 controls revealed regulation of inflammatory pathways mainly related to ‘type 2 immune response’, ‘defense to infections’, ‘antigen processing/presentation’. Analysis of 78 inflammatory molecules in paired post‐mortem CSF, the levels of fibrinogen (R: 0.640, p = 8.752 x 10‐6), PDGF‐bb (R: 0.470, p = 0.002), CXCL13 (R: 0.428, p = 0.006) and IL15 (R: 0.327, p = 0.040) were correlated with extent of CP inflammation. Elevated fibrinogen and complement deposition were found in CP and in underlying subependymal periventricular areas, according to “surface‐in” gradient associated with concomitant prominent microglia activation. CP inflammation, predominantly characterized by innate immunity, represents another key determinant of intrathecal, compartmentalised inflammation persisting in progressive MS, which may be possibly activated by fibrinogen and influence periventricular pathology, even without substantial association with clinical features.
Interventions for comorbid learning disabilities
Authors: Espinas Daniel R. , Fuchs Lynn S.
Published: December 2024

Comorbidity, the simultaneous or successive co‐occurrence of two or more disorders in one individual, is common among individuals with learning disabilities (LDs). The topic has garnered much attention in the field of LD, with advances over the past three decades in describing, predicting, and explaining comorbid LDs. However, efforts to design, evaluate, and implement interventions for individuals with comorbid LDs have received far less attention. In this article, we focus on these critical matters. After discussing how comorbidity and LDs have been conceptualized, defined, and explained, we consider what the field has learned about how individuals with comorbid LDs respond to academic interventions and what approaches may be effective for supporting their educational development.
FNIRS‐Based Energy Landscape Analysis to Signify Brain Activity Dynamics of Individuals With Depression
Authors: Wu Yushan , Qiao Shi , Zhong Jitao , Zhang Lu , Wang Juan , Hu Bin , Peng Hong
Published: December 2024

Background

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common mental disorders, and the number of individuals with MDD (MDDs) continues to increase. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an objective characterization and real‐time detection method for depression. Functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non‐invasive tool, which is widely used in depression research. However, the process of how the brain activity of MDDs changes in response to external stimuli based on fNIRS signals is not yet clear.

Method

Energy landscape (EL) can describe the brain dynamics under task conditions by assigning energy values to each state. The higher the energy value, the lower the probability of the state occurring. This study compares the EL features of 60 MDDs with 60 healthy controls (HCs).

Results

Compared to HCs, MDDs have more local minima, smaller energy differences, smaller variations in basin sizes, and longer duration in the basin of global minimum (GM). The classification results indicate that using the four features above for depression detection yields an accuracy of 86.53%. Simultaneously, there are significant differences between the two groups in the duration of the major states.

Conclusion

The dynamic brain networks of MDDs exhibit more constraints and lower degrees of freedom, which might be associated with depressive symptoms such as negative emotional bias and rumination. In addition, we also demonstrate the strong depression detection capability of EL features, providing a possibility for their application in clinical diagnosis.
Small actions to promote conservation and sustainability
Authors: O'Halloran Chris
Published: December 2024

In the context of recent anthropogenic climate change and the alarming loss of biodiversity, urgent action is required to safeguard our life‐sustaining ecosystems and implement effective sustainable conservation behavior change strategies. To attend to this concern, the present study explores the efficacy of the evidence‐based Tiny Habits® method in fostering behavior change for sustainability. To this end, a case–control pilot project was conducted with a small cohort of adults randomly divided into two groups: cases and controls. Both groups engaged in a 5‐day online program, selecting and practicing three Tiny Habits recipes daily. The conservation Tiny Habits group focused on sustainable actions, while the control group engaged in non‐conservation activities such as relaxation. The results revealed that practicing the Tiny Habits method resulted in an immediate and sustained increase in conservation actions, with lasting changes (up to 1 month) in the participants' behavior. The mean scores for the intervention group at baseline significantly differed from those immediately and at 1 month after the intervention (p = .0092 and p = .0033). These findings suggest that the Tiny Habits method can be a viable opportunity to cultivate sustainable habits in the long term.
More pubs—More problems? A longitudinal analysis of Swedish panel data
Authors: Norström Thor , Nilsson Tony , Svensson Johan
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The aim of the study is to estimate the association between bar density and nighttime emergency calls to the police.

Methods

We used a pooled cross‐sectional time‐series data set covering the Swedish 290 municipalities spanning the time period 2012–2021. As outcome we used nighttime emergency calls to the police and daytime emergency calls to the police as control variable. Bar density was measured as number of serving establishments licensed to serve alcohol after 1 am. The municipalities were classified into three socio‐economic (SES) categories: low, middle and high‐SES areas. We used survey data to estimate the prevalence of heavy episodic drinking (HED) for each of the three SES areas. We applied fixed‐effects modelling to estimate the association between bar density and nighttime police calls, implying that only within‐unit variation was exploited.

Results

Findings suggested that a 10% increase in bar density would result in a 0.46% (p = 0.001) increase in nighttime police calls. There was a marked gradient in the bar effect across SES areas; in high‐SES areas the effect was not significant, while the effect was twice as strong in the low‐SES areas as in mid‐SES areas. We also found that the lower the status of the SES area, the higher the prevalence of HED.

Discussion and Conclusions

We found a significantly positive association between bar density and nighttime police calls. However, the association was markedly stronger in low‐SES areas (which were also characterised by an elevated HED prevalence) than in high‐SES areas (distinguished by a lower HED prevalence).
What Sweden thinks about markets, capitalism and the rich
Authors: Ydstedt Anders , Zitelmann Rainer
Published: December 2024

Attitudes towards the rich are far more positive in Sweden than in France, Spain, Germany, and Italy. Attitudes towards the market economy are also more positive in Sweden than in all other European countries, except Poland. Although Sweden is perceived by some as a model of ‘democratic socialism’, it has been 50 years since that this was – almost – the case. Today, Sweden is one of the ten most economically free countries in the world, although income tax is still above average. Corporate taxes are moderate, however, and inheritance, gift, and wealth taxes have been abolished. This article presents the findings of two surveys conducted by Ipsos MORI in Sweden. The first survey focused on perceptions of the rich, the second explored attitudes towards the market economy and capitalism.
Optimal lockdowns under constraints
Authors: Dagher Jihad C. , Parkinson Christian
Published: December 2024

We present a systematic examination of the impact of frictions on optimal pandemic response, bridging the significant gap between policy recommendations and implementation. We focus in particular on constraints in testing delivery and in lockdown efficacy in the context of a canonical pandemic model. The latter is modified for a more faithful representation of lockdowns. The paper sheds light on nuanced, and sometimes counter‐intuitive, relationships. It rationalizes key but divergent findings in the literature on the extent of substitution and complementarity between lockdowns and testing. It also demonstrates remarkable robustness in lockdown policy to changes in its efficiency.
Oxidative pathways of apo, partially, and fully Zn(II)‐ and Cd(II)‐metalated human metallothionein‐3 are dominated by disulfide bond formation
Authors: Yuan Amelia T. , Stillman Martin J.
Published: December 2024

Oxidative stress is a key component of many diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide lead to disease progression by binding to proteins and causing their dysregulation. Metallothionein‐3 (MT3), a cysteine‐rich brain‐located metalloprotein, has been proposed to be a key player in controlling oxidative stress in the central nervous system. We report data from a combination of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS), ultraviolet (UV)‐visible absorption spectroscopy, and circular dichroism spectroscopy that identify the oxidation pathway of MT3 fully bound to endogenous Zn(II) or exogenous Cd(II) together with the partially metalated species. We characterize the intermediate species formed during the oxidation of MT3, which is dominated by disulfide bond formation. We report the rates of oxidation. For both fully and partially metalated MT3, MT3 is oxidized at 5 to 10 times the rate of MT1, a similar but kidney‐expressed isoform of MT. As oxidation progresses, MT3 follows a domain‐specific demetallation pathway when it is fully metalated, and a domain‐independent pathway when partially metalated. This suggests the presence of a significant susceptibility toward oxidation when MT3 is partially metalated, and, therefore, a possible protective role of Zn(II) when fully metalated. With the evidence for the rapid oxidation rate, our data support the proposals of MT3 as a key antioxidant in physiology.
Revealing the role of intangible factors on migration in MENA: Religious identity and freedom perceptions
Authors: Perihan Kırkıç Ayşe
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the role of intangible factors in the migration decision‐making processes of citizens from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. While the existing literature often highlights economic factors as the primary drivers of migration, this research explores how religious identity and perception of democracy and freedoms—specifically, freedom of expression and electoral freedom—influence these decisions. Utilising data from the Arab Opinion Index from 2012 to 2020, the study covers nine MENA countries and considers variables, such as gender, education level, household economic status, age, residential area, religious affiliation, and views on social and political freedoms. The findings suggest that intangible factors, particularly religious identity and perceived lack of freedoms, significantly influence individuals' migration decisions, similar to economic factors. Individuals who identify as less religious, associate with a less religious social circle, and perceive that their freedoms are not protected are more likely to consider migrating. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of migration dynamics in the MENA region, providing policymakers with crucial insights to develop evidence‐based strategies addressing the complex drivers of migration.
Patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders spend less time in tertiary care when managed by a single clinician: results of a multicentre audit in South Australia
Authors: Mathias Ryan M. , Plush Samantha L. , Fairhead Elka J. S. , Ngoi Benjamin , Edwards Louisa , Day Alice S. , Bryant Robert V.
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) impact quality of life and represent a significant burden on healthcare services. Guidelines recommend an early, positive diagnosis to reduce harmful over‐investigation in FGID patients. The aim of this multicentre study was to evaluate FGID management against current guidelines.

Methods

A multicentre, retrospective evaluation of patients with a primary diagnosis of FGID across two tertiary gastroenterology services over a 12‐month period was performed. Time to diagnosis of a FGID, number of outpatient encounters, number and type of investigations performed and time to discharge from the outpatient service were assessed. Whether care was delivered by single or multiple clinicians was recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t test, logistic regression analysis and Kaplan–Meir curves.

Results

Between June 2021 and June 2022, 275 individual patients were reviewed primarily for FGID. Median time to FGID diagnosis was 70 days (interquartile range (IQR): 0–175), over a median of four outpatient encounters (IQR: 3–6), with an overall time in service of 182 days (IQR: 105–344). When care was delivered by a single rather than multiple clinicians, patients were more likely to receive a FGID diagnosis early (hazard ratio (HR): 1.6, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25–2.04, P < 0.0001), be discharged sooner (HR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.44–2.33, P < 0.0001), with a trend towards less harmful investigations (odds ratio: 1.79, 95% CI: 0.96–3.58, P = 0.08).

Conclusions

Consistent delivery of clinical care reduces healthcare utilisation in the management of FGIDs. Further studies are needed to identify optimal care models for managing outpatients with FGIDs.
The Co‐Infection of ISKNV‐II and RGNNV Resulting in Mass Mortality of Juvenile Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer), Zhuhai, Southern China
Authors: Sun Qianqian , Ding Shan , Liu Xiangrong , Zhang Wenfeng , Yu Fangzhao , Fu Yuting , Li Yong , Dong Chuanfu
Published: December 2024

Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) and nervous necrosis virus (NNV) are two common and important causative agents in marine‐cultured fish. However, high viral loads of both ISKNV and NNV in the same clinical case is unusual. In this study, a mass mortality event of Asian seabass Lates calcarifer juveniles occurred in Zhuhai, the main Asian seabass cultured area in mainland China. The fish samples were pooled for pathogen identification and both high viral loads of ISKNV and NNV were detected by real‐time microfluidic quantitative PCR and conventional PCR. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence showed that strong ISKNV signals were detected in spleen and liver, while strong NNV signals were detected in brain and eye. The tissue homogenates were inoculated into MFF‐1 cell and SSN‐1 cell, respectively. After several viral passages, both individual ISKNV and NNV were purely isolated from each other, and designated as ASB‐ISKNV‐23 and ASB‐NNV‐23, respectively. The whole genome sequences of ASB‐ISKNV‐23 and ASB‐NNV‐23 were determined and annotated. The result showed that ASB‐ISKNV‐23 and ASB‐NNV‐23 are composed of 112,236 bp and 4441 bp, respectively. Phylogeny analysis showed that ASB‐ISKNV‐23 belongs to ISKNV‐II sub‐genotype and ASB‐NNV‐23 belongs to RGNNV genotype. Collectedly, coinfection of ISKNV‐II and RGNNV were firstly documented in mass mortality of Asian seabass in mainland China. Importantly, both individual ISKNV‐II and RGNNV were purely isolated using two different permissive cell lines. Our study provides useful information for better understanding the complex pathogenesis regarding the coinfection with ISKNV and NNV in farmed fish.
Assessment of Lipid Profile in Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Gupta Shruti , Sharma Deepti , Hooda Anita , Kamboj Mala
Published: December 2024

Background

An altered blood lipid profile has been considered as a diagnostic and/or prognostic marker for cancer. Since oral cancer is usually preceded by oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and share common etiopathogenesis, thus researchers have tried to explore the role of blood lipid profile as a marker for OPMDs; however, no consensus has been made regarding the utilization of serum lipid profile as a biomarker for oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). Thus, the present article aimed to validate serum lipid profile as a biomarker for OSMF.

Methodology

PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and Clinical key databases were searched for relevant articles. Thirty‐six studies that met the eligibility criteria were included for qualitative review, however, out of these, 27 studies with specific data for OSMF and the control group were included in the meta‐analysis.

Results

A significant reduction in very low‐density lipoprotein (p = 0.042), low density lipoprotein (p = 0.006), high density lipoprotein (p = 0.020), triglyceride (p = 0.049) and total cholesterol (p = 0.009) levels in blood were observed in OSMF patients in comparison to healthy controls whereas no significant difference was seen in contrast to oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.

Conclusion

Although a significant alteration was observed in lipid levels in OSMF patients, considerable heterogeneity in all the studied parameters implies that blood lipid profile could not be used as a reliable biomarker for OSMF and require further investigation.
Identifying and Mapping Industrial Districts Through a Spatially Constrained Cluster‐Wise Regression Approach
Authors: Canello Jacopo , Vidoli Francesco , Fusco Elisa , Giudice Nicoletta
Published: December 2024

The aim of this article is to exploit an innovative spatial econometric approach to map and study the evolving patterns of industrial districts (IDs). The procedure can be classified as a ‐means cluster‐wise regression procedure and is designed to detect homogeneous areas of subcontracting activity. These spatially contiguous aggregations of subcontractors are identified in terms of production function homogeneity and are defined as spatial regimes. Using this procedure, it is possible to detect two important sources of agglomeration economies that are commonly associated with the presence of an industrial district. The methodology is tested on a sample of Italian micro and small‐sized subcontracting firms operating in the footwear industry, showing its effectiveness in identifying the most commonly known IDs in this sector. Most ID regimes are persistent over time, despite the high turnover rates in the local subcontracting population after the 2008 financial crisis. These results can be explained by the presence of locally rooted competencies and context‐specific knowledge bases that persist despite the changing actors operating in the locality. Our evidence also shows that location in an ID does not necessarily entail benefits in terms of performance for subcontracting firms.
Secondary Sclerosing Cholangitis due to Drugs With a Special Emphasis on Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Bjornsson Einar S. , Arnedillo Daiana , Bessone Fernando
Published: December 2024

Background

Secondary sclerosing cholangitis (SSC), is one of the phenotypes of DILI first described in the 1980s. Check point inhibitors (CPIs) are currently the most frequent cause of SCC. Aims: To describe the epidemiology, clinical and biochemical features at presentation, differential diagnoses, pathophysiology, imaging, histological characteristics and management associated with SSC.

Materials and Methods

A language and date‐unrestricted Medline literature search was conducted to identify case reports and clinical series on SSC with special emphasis on CPIs (2007‐2023).

Results

We identified 19 different drugs that have been shown to induce SSC. A total of 64 cases with SSC due to CPIs are presented. This was mostly seen in patients treated with anti‐Programmed cell death (PD)‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors. The most frequent presenting signs and symptoms were abdominal pain and jaundice. Large‐duct cholangitis induced by CPIs is a very rare condition while small‐duct cholangitis is more common. Nivolumab and pembrolizumab were the most commonly implicated agents. Biopsies have revealed predominant CD8+ T cell infiltration in biliary strictures. Corticosteroids is linked to a low frequency of success and is the only agent recommended to begin the treatment.

Conclusions

CPIs‐induced SSC seems to affect the entire biliary system. Clinicians should consider and suspect SSC when a probable CPIs‐induced hepatitis does not respond to corticosteroids. Additionally, further randomized, controlled trials should prospectively investigate alternative therapies for treatment.
Diagnostic ecologies: Medical standards, tinkering, and worker health in Turkey
Authors: Gül Zeynel
Published: December 2024

In Turkey's occupational health system, doctors must use the International Labor Organization's (ILO) standards to classify the chest radiographs of workers at risk of lung diseases caused by dust exposure. Yet these standards do not provide a uniformity of care within the tripartite structure of the occupational health system, which divides disease surveillance, disease diagnosis, and worker compensation into distinct silos. This division often produces ambiguity and unpredictable outcomes for occupational disease claims. The traffic of diagnostic decisions among workplaces and medico‐legal institutions—what I refer to as diagnostic ecologies—shapes medical knowledge. The tripartite organization of the occupational health system in Turkey makes the evaluation of chest radiographs a space where professional expertise and professional ethics are constantly negotiated. A focus on diagnostic ecologies illustrates how disease ontology is distributed across the occupational health system's components.
How Focal Firms Navigate Resource Complementarity Uncertainty of Innovation Ecosystems in Emerging Economies
Authors: Shengxi Yang , Jiaming Yang , Jiang Wei
Published: December 2024

The highly collective uncertainty of the innovation ecosystem is portrayed as unclear resource complementary participants, unstable allocation of participants' relationships, and untimely updating of complementary rules, which led to the complicacy of complementary resource gap identification, the generation of complementary resources, as well as final innovation results. Considering the significant role of innovation ecosystems in emerging economies and the limited understanding of the resource complementary process of innovation ecosystem, we conduct an abductive, exploratory multi‐case analysis to identify the strategies employed by the focal firm within the innovation ecosystem to overcome this collective uncertainty and further reveal the full picture of innovation ecosystem's resource complementarity process. Our study contributes to innovation ecosystem literature by deconstructing ecosystem‐level collective uncertainty in the context of emerging economies. We also fulfill the complementarity research by identifying four resource complementary strategies based on an integrated framework and providing a comprehensive understanding of not only what ecosystem complementarity is but also how it comes from.
Locke and Leibniz on epistemic autonomy
Authors: Marušić Jennifer Smalligan
Published: December 2024

This article argues that Locke's views about the nature of knowledge, on the one hand, and about the proper regulation of probable judgment, on the other hand, give rise to a radical form of individual epistemic autonomy. Three theses are defended: First, Locke's conception of the nature of knowledge implies that the knowledge of other individuals has little (to no) influence on whether one knows something. Locke denies that knowledge is the kind of thing that could, even in theory, be transmitted by testimony. Second, Locke's treatment of probability and probable judgment gives a specific role to testimonial evidence, but within such strict limits that the probable judgments of others should play no role in influencing the strength of one's own judgments. Third, in his New Essays Concerning Human Understanding, Leibniz recognizes the radicalness of Locke's position and sees this as reason to reject aspects of Locke's account of knowledge and his treatment of probable judgment. Finally, these views have implications for how Locke conceives of collective inquiry and the division of epistemic labor among inquirers.