bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anomaly Detection with Camouflage Reconnaissance in Spectral Imaging
Authors: Nandibewoor Archana , Doni Peddanna , Rashmi Holagundi , Hegde Abhilash
Published: August 2024

Camouflage technology is critical in concealing targets in various environments. Traditional detection methods often rely on human visual observations , which are limited in modern combat scenarios. Spectral imaging technology has emerged as a promising solution to enhance camouflage detection and recognition. This technology captures both spatial and spectral information from targets, allowing for more effective target detection in high-dimensional space. This study focuses on the anomaly detection reconnaissance of camouflaged targets using spectral imagery. Spectral image data of simulated camouflage scenes were collected, enabling the leverage of both spatial and spectral information for target identification. Multispectral sensors were utilized, and the electromagnetic spectrum, including long-range infrared (LWIR) bands, was explored for improved reconnaissance and surveillance. The methodology includes preprocessing steps such as denoising using the Non-Local Global Means algorithm and Canny edge detection. Edge-preserving techniques were also applied to enhance image quality and improve target edge detection. Anomaly detectors, including RX and LRX algorithms, were employed to identify anomalous objects within the images. Moreover, region filling and spectral matching techniques were introduced to refine results further. Region filling addressed noise and filled detected regions effectively, while spectral matching aided in ground truth identification. The novelty of this research lies in its approach to reconnaissance with masking and spectral matching after anomaly detection. While anomaly detection identifies anomalies, it alone cannot recognize the nature of the detected object. In conclusion, this research demonstrates the potential of spectral imaging in anomaly detection and camouflage reconnaissance. Combining spatial and spectral information and employing advanced algorithms can achieve significant enhancements in target detection capabilities in simulated operational environments.
All hard X-ray transient grating spectroscopy
Authors: Ferrari Eugenio , Ueda Hiroki , Fainozzi Danny , Osaka Taito , Bencivenga Filippo , Burian Max , Carrara Pietro , Vila-Comamala Joan , Cucini Riccardo , David Christian , Gessini Alessandro , Gerber Simon , Goloborodko Andrii , Hrabec Aleš , Inoue Ichiro , Inubushi Yuichi , Leroy Ludmila Diniz , Roesner Benedikt , Rouxel Jérémy , Serrat Carles , Scagnoli Valerio , Tono Kensuke , Yabashi Makina , Yamada Jumpei , Yamamoto Kohei , Zdora Marie , Beye Martin , Mincigrucci Riccardo , Nelson Keith , Paris Eugenio , Pedrini Bill , Reis David , Masciovecchio Claudio , Chergui Majed , Staub Urs , Svetina Cristian
Published: August 2024

A microscopic understanding of matter requires the study of excitations across an extended spatial, time and frequency range. The tens of nanometer length-scale is crucial for transport phenomena in liquids and crystals. It holds the key to understanding phenomena such as charge, spin and heat diffusion at the frontier of diffusive and ballistic regimes. At the nanometer scale, disorder, diffusion, and relevant physical phenomena deviate from classical descriptions. It also covers the dynamics of charge/spin ordering and of the lattice. Optical-domain transient gratings (TG) spectroscopy demonstrated access to all relevant degrees of freedom (e.g. charge, lattice, orbital and spin) of matter, but are limited to typically micron-size grating periods. Extreme-Ultraviolet TG spectroscopy has represented a major leap forward as it allowed access to mesoscopic scales. [1–4] Using hard X-rays for excitation and probing can extend TG spectroscopy beyond the aforementioned length scales. While hard X-ray generated TGs and their probing by optical pulses were recently reported, [5,6] here we present an X-ray TG (XTG) study, in which few-femtosecond hard X-ray pulses are used both for excitation and probing. Our study establishes key ingredients that allow previously inaccessible length (and therefore, momentum) regions. Ultrafast all X-ray TG thus emerges as a complementary approach to methods, such as inelastic neutron [7] and X-ray [8] scattering techniques, that are commonly used in the study of microscopic transport phenomena.
Plant Density and Harvesting Number Effect on Some Agronomic Parameters of Stevia (Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni L.)
Authors: boydak erkan , omay irfan
Published: August 2024

This study was established in order to determine yield and quality parameters of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni L.) harvesting numbers at different plant densities (25x50, 30×50, 35x50, 40 × 50 cm) in 2017-18. The experiment was carried out with 4 replications according to the “split plots trial pattern’’. Results; In 2017, plant height was obtained 82.31 and 57.31 cm, Fresh Herb Weight per Plant was 62.79 and 24.38 g plant-1, Fresh Branch Weight per Plant was 38.17 and 8.71 g plant-1, Number of Branches per Plant was 13.88 and 1.71 pcs/plant, Dry Herb Weight per Plant was 18.79 and 6.96 g plant-1, Dry Branch Weight per Plant was 11, 38 to 2.38 g plant-1, fresh branch yield 219.98 to 46.44 kg/ha, fresh leaf weight per plant 24.09 to 15.59 g plant-1, fresh leaf yield 192.68 to 83.12 kg/ha, dry branch yield 74.85 to 12.68 kg/ha, dry leaf weight per plant 7.17 to 4.42 g plant-1, dry leaf yield 57.34 to 23.56 kg/ha. In 2018, plant height was obtained 86.00 to 67.75 cm, Fresh Herb Weight per Plant 52.24 to 34.44 g plant-1, Fresh Branch Weight per Plant 29.24 to 17.27 g plant-1, Number of Branches per Plant 4.25 to 2.75 pcs/plant, Dry Herb Weight per Plant 20.56 to 13.12 g plant-1, Dry Branch Weight per Plant 10, 57 to 4.11 g plant-1, Fresh Branch yield 233.93 to 92.09 kgha-1, Fresh Leaf weight per plant 28.28 to 15.56 g plant-1, Fresh leaf yield 226.20 to 124.50 kgha-1, Dry Branch yield 84.55 to 21.94 kgha-1, Dry Leaf weight per plant 11.79 to 7.94 g plant-1, Dry leaf yield 94.30 to 47.03 kgha-1. When the averages of plant densities are examined, higher values were obtained from the densest plant density (25 x 50 cm) in almost all parameters, while a few parameters were obtained from a lower plant density. When the first and second harvest mean values were compared, the second harvest data had higher values in all parameters except for Number of Branches per Plant, Fresh Leaf Weight per Plant and Fresh Leaf Yield.
The Effect of Different Plant Population and Plant Age on Some Yield and Quality Parameters of Sugar Grass (Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni L.)
Authors: boydak erkan , omay irfan
Published: August 2024

This study was established in 2017 and 2018 to determine the yield and quality parameters of sugar grass (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni L.) at different plant densities (25x50, 30×50, 35x50, 40×50 cm) and number of harvesting (1st harvest and 2nd harvest). The experiment was carried out according to ‘split plots experimental design’ with 4 replications. Fresh herb yield, dry herb yield, stevioside (steviol glycoside) ratio, different sugar components in leaves, rebaudioside A, B and C (Reb A, Reb C, Reb D) were analysed. As a result, the highest fresh herb yield was obtained at 25x50 cm plant density with 502.33 kg/da and 417.90 kg/da in the first and second year, respectively in the 2nd form, while the lowest fresh herb yield was obtained at 40x50 cm plant density in the 1st form with 129.99 kg/da and 223.76 kg/da, respectively. The highest dry herb yield was obtained in the first and second year with 150,32 kg/da and 164,50 kg/da at 25x50 cm plant density in the 2nd form, and the lowest dry herb yield was obtained with 37,12 kg/da and 69,93 kg/da at 40x50 cm plant density in the 1st form. Stevioside ratios were between 7.47 and 5.71 in the first year and between 7.69 and 6.58 in the second year, the amounts of different sugar components in the leaves were between 13.27 mg/ml and 10.37 mg/ml in the first year and between 13.47 mg/ml and 10.85 mg/ml in the second year, RebaudiosideA ratios were between 13.27 mg/ml and 10.37 mg/ml in the first year and between 13.47 mg/ml and 10.85 mg/ml in the second year, 09 to 2.39 in the first year and 3.20 to 2.58 in the second year, RebaudiosideC rates varied between 1.00 and 0.76 in the first year and between 1.15 and 0.76 in the second year, and RebaudiosideD rates varied between 1.56 and 1.07 in the first year and between 1.56 and 0.00 in the second year. According to the results of the two-year study, it was determined that frequent planting, especially 25x50 cm planting frequency, gave better results in Hayrat district conditions.
Valorization of Dairy Wastewater for the Production of Lipids, Carotenoids, and β-Carotene in Rhodotorula mucilaginosa
Authors: Gedela Ravi , Dasu Veeranki Venkata , Pakshirajan Kannan
Published: August 2024

One of the leading causes of environmental pollution in India is the waste generated from the dairy sector. Significant amounts of organic and inorganic components are characteristics of the wastewater generated by this industry. To address this problem, sustainable and economical methods of lowering its ecological footprint are obligatory. The present study uses raw dairy wastewater (RDW) to synthesise lipids and carotenoids from Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. Batch and fed-batch experiments were used to scale up the process after shake flask experiments using mineral salt media with RDW. In batch fermentation studies with only RDW resulted in the generation of lipid content, carotenoids, and β-carotene at values of 52.02 ± 1.52 (% w/w), 30.63 ± 0.15 µg.g-1, and 12.42 ± 0.06 µg.g-1. Furthermore, the observed chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency was approximately 48.5±0.24%. Additionally, intriguing findings were obtained when RDW was supplemented with 15gL-1 of sodium acetate, increasing the lipid content (% w/w), carotenoids, and β-carotene levels by 66.3 ± 0.3 (% w/w), 64.0 ± 0.32 µg.g-1, and 19.7 ± 0.09 µg.g-1, respectively. The maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency was around 62.3±0.31%. When fed-batch reactor studies were conducted with RDW while maintaining 15gL-1 sodium acetate, notable improvements over batch reactor studies were observed. The experimental outcomes revealed a lipid content of 72.14 ± 0.3 (% w/w), carotenoid levels of 67.16 ± 0.3 µg.g-1, β-Carotene content of 31.7± 0.15 µg.g-1, and a chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of approximately 78± 0.3%. A comprehensive study of the lipid samples using gas chromatography revealed a wide range of fatty acid compositions. This thorough characterization underscores their significant potential for utilization in biodiesel production.
Optical Properties Behavior of Barium W-type Ferrite doping by Zinc
Authors: H.Khoreem Sadiq , A.H.AL-hammadi
Published: August 2024

The ceramic process was used for making the Barium w-type ferrite powder, which has the composition formula BaNi2-xZnxFe16O27, where x=0.0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, and 2. In essence, the single-phase w-type hexagonal structure development is confirmed by the X-ray investigation. The concentration of zinc increases along with a modest increase in the lattice constant. An analysis of the sample using UV-VIS was done. Zinc may be obtained at varying concentrations, and it is discovered that band gaps exist in the semiconducting zone. There was a consistent variation in the optical constants of absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, refractive index, and reflection with Zn content. It can be seen that the optical and electrical conductivity rise with photoenergy, and that the samples' conductivity peak grows as the Zn content decreases. As the electric susceptibility rises, it falls . When the concentration of zinc increases, the electric susceptibility falls.
Kontruksi Sosial Tradisi Zikir Fida’ Pada Bulan Suro (Studi Living Qur’an dan Sunnah di Desa Wateskroyo Kecamatan Besuki Kabupaten Tulungagung)
Authors: Saepuloh Ahmat
Published: August 2024

Tradisi zikir fida>’ pada bulan Suro oleh masyarakat desa Wateskroyo bukan sekedar tradisi keagamaan semata. Akan tetapi itu merupakan salah satu bentuk wajah al-Qur’an dan Sunnah yang hidup di masyarakat akibat penafsiran dan reformulasi progresif terhadap al-Qur’an dan Sunnah. Permasalahan yang ingin dijawab dalam penelitian ini: pertama, bagaimana model variasi living Qur’an dan sunnah yang ada dalam tradisi zikir fida’ bulan Suro? Kedua, bagaimana kontruksi sosial pembacaan zikir fida’ bagi masayarakat desa Wateskroyo? Fenomena ini akan dianalisis menggunakan teori kontruksi social-nya Berger. Dalam pengumpulan data, penelitian ini menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Dari penelitian ditemukan enam ragam living Qur’an dan Sunnah dalam tradisi zikir fida>’ pada bulan Suro di desa Wateskroyo. Tradisi pembacaan zikir fida>’ terbentuk karena adanya tiga momen dialektik. Pertama, ekternalisasi, adanya budaya nahdliyin yang kental di masyarakat serta dogma dan ajaran tokoh agama yang membentuk.  Kedua, Objektifasi. Rasa tenang dan harapan mendapatkan berkah serta mendapatkan ampunan serta tujuan dari zikir fida>’ sendiri merupakan daya tarik khusus yang bisa membuat tradisi tersebut masih tetap berlangsung. Ketiga, internalisasi. Masyarakat memiliki respon yang berbeda-beda terkait tradisi zikir fida>’ pada bulan Suro ini. Bagi yang menerima dan menjalankan tradisi ini juga mempunyai makna yang subjektif dan variatif. Ada yang memaknainya sebagai media untuk menarik masyarakat untuk memakmurkan masjid, media melatih masyarakat agar suka berzikir, momen silaturrahmi antar warga, melatih jiwa kedermawanan, momen mendekatkan diri kepada Allah Swt, perantara mendapatkan ampunan dan perantara untuk ketenangan hati.
Kedudukan Linguistik Dalam Penafsiran Al-Qur’an: Telaah Pemikiran Āmīn Al-Khūlī Dan Naṣr Hāmid Abū Zaid
Authors: Irfani Muhammad
Published: August 2024

Pengkaji al-Qur’an mengakui bahwa muncul keragaman metode penafsiran untuk menginterpretasikan teks al-Qur’an. Adalah linguistik salah satu metode penafsiran yang digunakan untuk menafsirkan al-Qur’an. Nyatanya kajian linguistik menjadi tahapan dalam penafsiran sebagaimana yang dinyalakan oleh Amīn al-Khūlī dan Naṣr Hāmid Abū Zaid dalam melakukan pembaruan dalam metode penafsiran. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian  kualitatif berbasis studi kepustakaan (library reseach) dengan menggunakan sumber berupa buku, majalah, jurnal atau tulisan yang berkaitan dengan penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Amīn al-Khūlī dan Naṣr Hāmid Abū Zaid menjadikan linguistik menjadi pijakan yang utama dalam menemukan penafsirsan teks al-Qur’an, dimana al-Khūlī mendudukan kajian sastra sebagai prioritas pemerolehan makna, yang dalam hal ini kajian linguistik menjadi pijakan dalam interpretasi teks. Sedangkan Naṣr Hāmid Abū Zaid mendudukan linguistik hanya sebagai proses tahapan awal menginterpretasikan teks al-Qur’an. Tahapan selanjutnya masih dibutuhkan pendekatan lain yang menjadi penyelaras interpretasi dengan kondisi masa kini, baik teologi, filsafat, historis maupun sosial dan budaya. Rumusan metode penafsiran mereka berdua bertujuan untuk membebaskan dari unsur subyektifitas penafsir.
How open is the asteroid-mass primordial black hole window?
Authors: Gorton Matthew , Green Anne
Published: August 2024

Primordial black holes (PBHs) can make up all of the dark matter (DM) if their mass, mm, is in the so-called “asteroid-mass window”, 10^{17} g ≲ m ≲ 10^{22} g1017g≲m≲1022g. Observational constraints on the abundance of PBHs are usually calculated assuming they all have the same mass, however this is unlikely to be a good approximation. PBHs formed from the collapse of large density perturbations during radiation domination are expected to have an extended mass function (MF), due to the effects of critical collapse. The PBH MF is often assumed to be lognormal, however it has recently been shown that other functions are a better fit to numerically calculated MFs. We recalculate both current and potential future constraints for these improved fitting functions. We find that for current constraints the asteroid-mass window narrows, but remains open (i.e. all of the DM can be in the form of PBHs) unless the PBH MF is wider than expected. Future evaporation and microlensing constraints may together exclude all of the DM being in PBHs, depending on the width of the PBH MF and also the shape of its low and high mass tails.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE–BASED AUTONOMOUS SOCKET PROPOSAL PROGRAM: A PRELIMINARY STUDY FOR CLINICAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM
Authors: Çınar Murat Ali , Haznedar Bülent , Bayramlar Kezban
Published: August 2024

Purpose: The aim of this study is to develop artificial intelligence-based interfaces that can be used by professionals (clinicians and/or academics) working with disabled individuals who need prosthetics and to create a sample data set for professionals working in this field.
Methods: 101 patients who had undergone amputation were enrolled. The residual limbs of all patients were scanned using a three-dimensional (3D) scanner and saved on the computer. The prosthetic sockets, fabricated using traditional methods, were also scanned with the same scanner and saved as a 3D model. Residual limb–prosthetic socket matches were obtained using data points and a deep neural network (DNN)-based decision support system was developed.
Results: Simulation studies conducted with the point cloud data sets of 101 patients yielded a training success rate of 86%. The DNN model exhibited a generalization success rate of 78%.
Conclusion: The artificial intelligence–based software interface has potential and could assist professionals by suggesting a suitable 3D socket model for patients in need of a prosthesis. Further studies will benefit from additional sample data to enhance the accuracy of the model.
miRNA-Targeted Vaccines: A Promising Approach for Viral Attenuation and Immunogenicity Enhancement
Authors: Debnath Abhijit , Mazumder Rupa , Mazumder Avijit , Tripathi Soumya , Dua Arpita , Singh Rajesh , Mangal Saloni , Sanchitra Jahanvi , Pandey Pratibha , Pal Biplab , Chaudhary Hema , Sharma Parul , Srivastava Shikha
Published: August 2024

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a significant tool in the realm of vaccinology,
offering novel approaches to vaccine development. This study investigates the potential of miRNAs
in the development of advanced vaccines, with an emphasis on how they regulate immune response
and control viral replication. We go over the molecular features of miRNAs, such as their
capacity to direct post-transcriptional regulation toward mRNAs, hence regulating the expression
of genes in diverse tissues and cells. This property is harnessed to develop live attenuated
vaccines that are tissue-specific, enhancing safety and immunogenicity. The review highlights recent
advancements in using miRNA-targeted vaccines against viruses like influenza, poliovirus,
and tick-borne encephalitis virus, demonstrating their attenuated replication in specific tissues
while retaining immunogenicity. We also explored the function of miRNAs in the biology of cancer,
highlighting their potential to develop cancer vaccines through targeting miRNAs that are
overexpressed in tumor cells. The difficulties in developing miRNA vaccines are also covered in
this work, including delivery, stability, off-target effects, and the requirement for individualized
cancer treatment plans. We wrap off by discussing the potential of miRNA vaccines and highlighting
how they will influence the development of vaccination techniques for cancer and infectious
diseases in the future.
Drug Delivery Systems for Natural Medicines in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Hashim P. K. , Punnoth Poonkuzhi Naseef , Madappuram Cheruthu Nusaiba , Saher Kuruniyan Mohamed
Published: August 2024

Cancer stands as a prominent global cause of mortality, with chemotherapy using synthetic
drugs being the predominant treatment method. Despite its high success rate, this approach
is constrained by substantial side effects. Herbal medicines, known for their diverse bioactive components,
exhibit promising anticancer attributes. The drug delivery systems can improve the precision
of delivering these herbal compounds, enhancing efficacy while minimizing potential side effects.
Various platforms, such as nanoparticle-based carriers, liposomes, and polymeric micelles,
are investigated for encapsulating and delivering herbal components to cancer cells. These systems
not only enhance the bioavailability of herbal compounds but also facilitate controlled release,
sustained drug circulation, and improved cellular uptake. This comprehensive review focuses
on the recent advancement in the field of drug delivery systems employed in the delivery of
plant-derived anticancer compounds. It categorizes carriers into organic and inorganic nanoparticles,
addressing their application in enhancing the safety and efficacy of plant-derived anticancer
compounds alongside associated challenges. The review concludes by outlining recent investigations
into drug delivery systems aimed at increasing the efficacy of plant-derived anticancer compounds.
Future research in this field should emphasize experiments in animal models and potential
clinical translation.
Investigating Tattoo Pigments Composition with UV-Vis and FT-IR Spectroscopy supported by Chemometric Modelling
Authors: Singh Ajay Vikram , Bansod Girija , Schumann Angelina , Bierkandt Frank S. , Laux Peter , Nakhale Sweta Vijay , Shelar Amruta , Patil Rajendra , Luch Andreas
Published: August 2024

Aims:

This study investigates the composition of tattoo pigments to ensure their safe application
in tattoo art, evaluating the viability of UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, coupled with
chemometrics, for predicting pigment contents in tattoo inks.

Background:

Analyzing pigments in tattoo inks poses challenges in maintaining quality. This study
addresses the difficulties by proposing the use of UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, along with
chemometrics, as potential solutions for effective monitoring.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to determine the content of red (PR) 170/254 and pigment blue
(PB) 15:3 in tattoo inks from diverse suppliers and examine the distinct chemical structures and existing
impurities in the samples using UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, employing regression models
for data analysis.

Method:

We collected UV-Vis and FT-IR spectra from the tattoo ink samples and utilized regression
models for data analysis. We assessed correlations across spectrum areas, emphasizing coefficients
of determination for cross-validation. Subsequently, we compared the results obtained from both
spectroscopic methods in terms of pigment identity and evaluated the suitability of UV-Vis spectroscopy
for analyzing changes in pigment concentration and structural evolution. Finally, we employed
chemometric modeling to enhance predictions of FT-IR parameters, particularly in the functional
group and fingerprint region of the spectra.

Results:

Significant correlations were observed across both UV-Vis and FT-IR spectrum areas, with
coefficients of determination for cross-validation exceeding 0.7 for most parameters. Both spectroscopic
methods yielded nearly identical results regarding pigment identity. UV-Vis spectroscopy
proved to be a suitable method for analyzing changes in pigment concentration and structural evolution.
Chemometric modeling enhanced predictions of FT-IR parameters, particularly in the functional
group and fingerprint region of the spectra.

Conclusion:

The study underscores the significance of utilizing UV-Vis and FT-IR wavelengths
from various suppliers to determine pigment structures in tattoo inks. The consistent and comparable
results from both spectroscopic methods highlight their efficacy in characterizing pigments. UV-Vis
spectroscopy, in particular, emerged as a valuable tool for assessing changes in pigment concentration
and structural evolution. The improved predictions through chemometric modeling further emphasize
the utility of these analytical approaches in ensuring the safe use of tattoo inks in the art of
tattooing.
Identifying Key Clinical Indicators Associated with the Risk of Death in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Ma QingLan , Ren Jingxin , Chen Lei , Guo Wei , Feng KaiYan , Huang Tao , Cai Yu-Dong
Published: August 2024

Background:

Accurately predicting survival in hospitalized COVID-19 patients is crucial
but challenging due to multiple risk factors. This study addresses the limitations of existing research
by proposing a comprehensive machine-learning framework to identify key mortality risk factors
and develop a robust predictive model.

Objective:

This study proposes an analytical framework that leverages various machine learning
techniques to predict the survival of hospitalized COVID-19 patients accurately. The framework
comprehensively evaluates multiple clinical indicators and their associations with mortality risk.

Method:

Patient data, including gender, age, health condition, and smoking habits, was divided into
discharged (n=507) and deceased (n=300) categories. Each patient was characterized by 92 clinical
features. The framework incorporated seven feature ranking algorithms (LASSO, LightGBM,
MCFS, mRMR, RF, CATBoost, and XGBoost), the IFS method, and four classification algorithms
(DT, KNN, RF, and SVM).

Results:

Age, diabetes, dyspnea, chronic kidney failure, and high blood pressure were identified as
the most important risk factors. The best model achieved an F1-score of 0.857 using KNN with 34
selected features.

Conclusion:

Our findings provide a comprehensive analysis of COVID-19 mortality risk factors and
develops a robust predictive model. The findings highlight the increased risk in patients with
comorbidities, consistent with existing literature. The proposed framework can aid in developing
personalized treatment plans and allocating healthcare resources effectively.
Synthesis of Indazole Scaffolds from Arynes and Suitable Coupling
Partners - A Brief Review
Authors: Sureshbabu Popuri , Chaudhary Priyanka
Published: August 2024

Transition metal-free annulation/cascade reactions have been embraced as a powerful
synthetic tool to access carbo/heterocyclic molecules. Among them, benzyne chemistry gained
significant interest due to the formation of diverse functionalized arenes via unusual carboncarbon
(C-C) or carbon-heteroatom (C-O, C-N, C-S) bond-formation under different reaction conditions.
In this review, few dynamic methods have been documented to construct the synthetically
and pharmaceutically valuable indazole scaffolds using benzyne precursor and various other coupling
partners. In this mini-review, we have described the recent progress on metal-free cascade
strategies, highlighting the contribution from several synthetic chemists, including our research
work. Specific attention has been paid to offer the detailed mechanistic pathway to explain the developed
methodologies.
Multi-Response Optimization of Haynes-25 Using Taguchi Grey Relational Analysis with Die-Sinking Electric Discharge Machine
Authors: Pathan Abrarkhan M. , Kumar Abhishek , Badheka Vishvesh , Oza Ankit D. , Kumar Sandeep , Kumar Rahul
Published: August 2024

Background:

The recent development of new and advanced materials has led to industry
experiments, innovation, and patents. As a result, various alloys were developed and implanted for
multiple applications in the space, automobile, chemical, steel, and manufacturing industries. Cobalt-
and nickel-based alloys have been designed to cater to high-temperature and oxidationresistance
alloys.

Objective:

Here, various literature reviews are investigated, and the machining of Haynes-25 is
done using an electrical discharge machine with an optimization technique of the L27 orthogonal selection
of Taguchi. The controllable input procedure constraints are Pulse On time (Ton), Duty factor
(Df), Current (I), Gap voltage (Vg), and Flushing pressure (Fp).

Methods:

The performance characteristics output parameters considered are material removal rate,
tool wear rate, and surface roughness values (Ra). Moreover, confirmation tests are conducted to
determine the percentage error of the predicted model.

Results:

The confirmation tests and results showed that the duty factor and current greatly influence
the M.R.R, E.W.R, and Ra machining performance. The optimized condition is obtained at the implementation
of the confirmation test and using the level of significance, i.e., A3B2C3D3E3, which
can be used for the patent with the value of M.R.R..R as 0.05702, E.W.R. of 0.0091, and Ra of 2.34.
Furthermore, regression models are developed to predict the material removal rate, tool wear rate,
and surface roughness.

Conclusion:

It is suggested that industries use these optimum conditions to lessen unused material
and raise the productivity of Haynes-25 Electrical Discharge Machining, which can be patented.
Urgent Implementation of Regulatory Technology and Supervisory Technology in the Financial Technology Industry
Authors: Hapsari Recca Ayu , Resmi Mahkota Djati Sinto , Safitri Melisa
Published: August 2024

Financial technology represents a significant innovation in Indonesia’s financial sector, encompassing regulation, practice, and oversight. While fintech has expanded rapidly, the surge in users has led to more complex products. This complexity increases the susceptibility of fintech to abuses, heightening risks of fraud, money laundering, and predatory lending. To mitigate these risks, the implementation of financial technology must be rigorously regulated and supervised, supported by advancements in regulatory and supervisory technology. This study aims to conduct a juridical analysis of regulatory and supervisory technology in the financial technology industry, exploring how these technologies are applied to enhance compliance and oversight. This study uses empirical methods with a qualitative-descriptive analysis approach and a socio-legal approach. The study results found that regulatory technology and supervisory technology are regulated in Articles 19 and 22 of the Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 13/POJK.02/2018 concerning Digital Financial Innovation in the Financial Services Sector. Financial technology operators carry out regulatory technology implementation with five basic regulatory technology implementation programs, namely e-KYC, e-reporting, fraud detection, regulatory compliance, and risk management, as well as the application of supervisory technology carried out by regulators with five basic programs for implementing supervisory technology, namely in the form of data analytics, e-reporting, tax reporting mining, customer support technology, and e-licensing.
Development trends and modern methods of designing lifting devices for fishing vessels
Authors: Ivanovskaya A. V. , Zhukov V. A. , Shustryakov N. A.
Published: August 2024

The current state of the fishing fleet of the Republic of Crimea is analyzed in the paper. The problems of its insufficiently effective use and low rate of development are shown. The reasons for this are largely the moral deterioration of ships, the main and auxiliary elements of their power plants and the irrational organization of the fleet technical operation system. The analysis makes it possible to identify the reasons for the low competitiveness of special fishing equipment in operation, which plays an important role in the management of aquatic life. The main reasons include the imperfection of calculation and design methods, the incompleteness of the regulatory framework for calculating operational loads, the lack of developed automated control systems and appropriate software that would adequately take into account the specifics of the fishing equipment operation. When creating new lifting equipment for a fishing vessel, it is necessary to apply a systematic design method in order to ensure the required indicators of power, load capacity, speed, energy performance, load stability, operational and environmental safety, as well as economic efficiency. Modern methods of designing machines and mechanisms involve the development of adequate mathematical models that reproduce their states in space and time under the influence of operational loads, taking into account internal and external factors. An algorithm for operational cost analysis using a mathematical model of a lifting device drive system is described in the paper. The design and modernization of fishing equipment using the proposed algorithm will ensure a balance between the operational and cost characteristics of the equipment, which is a prerequisite for the creation of modern competitive marine equipment.
Zonas aptas para aguacate Hass en el departamento del Cauca: guía para la planificación de cultivos
Authors: Correa Moreno Diana Lucía , Grajales Guzmán Luis Carlos , Polo Carrera Sebastián , Garavito Morales Lina Vanessa , Ospina Parra Carlos Eduardo , Casamitjana Causa María , Rodríguez Vásquez Andrés Felipe , Sánchez Marín Francisco José , Castillo López Edinson
Published: August 2024

El libro presenta las características biofísicas y socioeconómicas de áreas productoras y potenciales de las zonas aptas para aguacate Hass (escala semidetallada 1:25.000) en once municipios del departamento del Cauca (Colombia): Cajibío, Caldono, Caloto, Corinto, El Tambo, Morales, Piendamó, Popayán, Sotará, Toribío y Timbío. Aplicando la metodología de evaluación de tierras y zonificación, describe y analiza información sobre las condiciones de suelos, paisajes y clima, requerimientos del cultivo y variables socioeconómicas que determinan la competitividad del sector y la cadena productiva. Esta información contribuye a establecer las limitantes del cultivo y la tecnología que se necesita para la planificación de nuevas áreas y el mejoramiento de la productividad y competitividad del sistema de producción a nivel regional.
A Remote Oral Self-Care Behaviors Assessment System in Vulnerable Populations: Usability and Feasibility Study
Authors: LaVine Danielle , Greer Zara , Kim Jiyun , Kumar Santosh , Belin Thomas , Shetty Vivek
Published: August 2024

Background

Preventative self-care can reduce dental disease that disproportionately burdens vulnerable populations. Personalized digital oral self-care behavioral interventions offer a promising solution. However, the success of these digital interventions depends on toothbrushing data collection e-platforms attuned to the needs and preferences of vulnerable communities.

Objective

The aim of this study is to assess the usability and feasibility of the Remote Oral Behaviors Assessment System (ROBAS), which has been adapted to address the unique requirements of socioeconomically disadvantaged minority individuals.

Methods

A cohort of 53 community-clinic participants, including 31 (58%) Latino and 22 (42%) Black individuals with no prior experience using electric toothbrushes, were recruited to use ROBAS, with planned assessments at baseline, 2 months, and 4 months. Beyond evaluating ROBAS’s technical performance, extensive feedback was gathered to gauge users’ experiences, viewpoints, and overall contentment. The System Usability Scale (SUS) served as a primary metric for assessing user satisfaction and acceptability.

Results

ROBAS exhibited largely reliable and consistent data-gathering capabilities. SUS scores (mean 75.6, SD 14.5) reflected participant contentment within a range of values for other commonly used digital devices and technologies. Among participants who answered questions about willingness to pay for ROBAS, 97% (30/31) indicated that they were willing to pay for ROBAS either as a one-time payment or as a subscription-based service. Additionally, 87.5% of participants expressed that they would endorse it to acquaintances. Most participants expressed no reservations about privacy; among those who expressed privacy concerns (n=20, 50%), the concerns included exposure of information (n=18, 45%), monitoring of brushing habits (n=12, 30%), and collection of information (n=14, 35%), although these concerns did not significantly correlate with specific participant traits. In qualitative terms, users valued ROBAS's ability to monitor brushing habits but called for refinements, especially in Wi-Fi and application connectivity. Recommendations for system improvements encompassed enhanced app functionality, individualized coaching, more comprehensive brushing data, and the addition of flossing activity tracking.

Conclusions

The research highlights ROBAS's promise as a digital platform for unobtrusively tracking daily oral self-care activities in marginalized communities. The system proved to be both feasible, as evidenced by its stable and accurate data capture of brushing behaviors, and user-friendly, as reflected by strong SUS scores and positive user feedback. Influential factors for its uptake included ease of learning and operation, and the feedback provided.
Digital Mental Health Interventions for Alleviating Depression and Anxiety During Psychotherapy Waiting Lists: Systematic Review
Authors: Huang Sijia , Wang Yiyue , Li Gen , Hall Brian J , Nyman Thomas J
Published: August 2024

Background

Depression and anxiety have become increasingly prevalent across the globe. The rising need for treatment and the lack of clinicians has resulted in prolonged waiting times for patients to receive their first session. Responding to this gap, digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) have been found effective in treating depression and anxiety and are potentially promising pretreatments for patients who are awaiting face-to-face psychotherapy. Nevertheless, whether digital interventions effectively alleviate symptoms for patients on waiting lists for face-to-face psychotherapy remains unclear.

Objective

This review aimed to synthesize the effectiveness of DMHIs for relieving depression and anxiety symptoms of patients on waiting lists for face-to-face therapy. This review also investigated the features, perceived credibility, and usability of DMHIs during waiting times.

Methods

In this systematic review, we searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane, and Web of Science for research studies investigating the effectiveness of DMHIs in reducing either depression or anxiety symptoms among individuals waiting for face-to-face psychotherapy. The search was conducted in June 2024, and we have included the studies that met the inclusion criteria and were published before June 6, 2024.

Results

Of the 9267 unique records identified, 8 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the systematic review. Five studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and 3 studies were not. Among the RCTs, we found that digital interventions reduced depression and anxiety symptoms, but the majority of interventions were not more effective compared to the control groups where participants simply waited or received a self-help book. For the non-RCTs, the interventions also reduced symptoms, but without control groups, the interpretation of the findings is limited. Finally, participants in the included studies perceived the digital interventions to be credible and useful, but high dropout rates raised concerns about treatment adherence.

Conclusions

Due to the lack of effective interventions among the reviewed studies, especially among the RCTs, our results suggest that waiting list DMHIs are not more effective compared to simply waiting or using a self-help book. However, more high-quality RCTs with larger sample sizes are warranted in order to draw a more robust conclusion. Additionally, as this review revealed concerns regarding the high dropout rate in digital interventions, future studies could perhaps adopt more personalized and human-centered functions in interventions to increase user engagement, with the potential to increase treatment adherence and effectiveness.
The Impact of Information Relevancy and Interactivity on Intensivists’ Trust in a Machine Learning–Based Bacteremia Prediction System: Simulation Study
Authors: Katzburg Omer , Roimi Michael , Frenkel Amit , Ilan Roy , Bitan Yuval
Published: August 2024

Background

The exponential growth in computing power and the increasing digitization of information have substantially advanced the machine learning (ML) research field. However, ML algorithms are often considered “black boxes,” and this fosters distrust. In medical domains, in which mistakes can result in fatal outcomes, practitioners may be especially reluctant to trust ML algorithms.

Objective

The aim of this study is to explore the effect of user-interface design features on intensivists’ trust in an ML-based clinical decision support system.

Methods

A total of 47 physicians from critical care specialties were presented with 3 patient cases of bacteremia in the setting of an ML-based simulation system. Three conditions of the simulation were tested according to combinations of information relevancy and interactivity. Participants’ trust in the system was assessed by their agreement with the system’s prediction and a postexperiment questionnaire. Linear regression models were applied to measure the effects.

Results

Participants’ agreement with the system’s prediction did not differ according to the experimental conditions. However, in the postexperiment questionnaire, higher information relevancy ratings and interactivity ratings were associated with higher perceived trust in the system (P<.001 for both). The explicit visual presentation of the features of the ML algorithm on the user interface resulted in lower trust among the participants (P=.05).

Conclusions

Information relevancy and interactivity features should be considered in the design of the user interface of ML-based clinical decision support systems to enhance intensivists’ trust. This study sheds light on the connection between information relevancy, interactivity, and trust in human-ML interaction, specifically in the intensive care unit environment.
Звернення головного редактора
Authors: Authors No
Published: August 2024

No abstract
Treatment of ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (literature review)
Authors: Kolesnik O.P. , Malovanna A.Yu.
Published: August 2024

This literature review explores the current landscape of treatment strategies for ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a subtype characterized by rearrangements in the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene. The appearance of ALK inhibitors has revolutionized the management of this cancer, offe­ring targeted therapeutic options that significantly improve patient outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the clinical efficacy and safety profiles of first-generation ALK inhibitors, such as crizotinib, second-generation inhibitors like alectinib and ceritinib, and third-generation inhibitors including lorlatinib. It also delves into the mechanisms of resistance that develop during treatment and the strategies to overcome them, such as the use of combination therapies and novel agents under investigation. Furthermore, the review addresses the challenges and future directions in the treatment of ALK-positive NSCLC, emphasizing the need for personalized medicine approaches and continuous research to optimize and extend the benefits of ALK-targeted therapies. Through an in-depth analysis of current studies and clinical trials, this review aims to provide insights into improving the management and prognosis of patients with ALK-positive NSCLC.
Biological and molecular targets for targeted therapy in colorectal cancer (literature review)
Authors: Malovanna A.Yu. , Kolesnik O.P. , Zvirych V.V. , Trehub Ye.S.
Published: August 2024

Colon and rectal cancer are often grouped together and generally classified as colorectal cancer (CRC), despite their different clinical behaviors and treatment needs. CRC accounts for approximately 10 % of all cancers and is the second cause of cancer death. Clinical manifestations of metastatic CRC occur in approximately 20 % of patients. About 50 % of patients with loca­lized disease will eventually develop metastases. Considerable effort has been made to uncover and investigate the mutational landscape of metastatic colorectal cancer. The effect of tumor location on patient survival and response to therapy has been shown in large clinical trials; understanding that the right colon has a different embryological origin and blood supply than the left colon and the rectum became one of the key factors in choosing an approach to diagnosis and treatment of two fundamentally different diseases of the same organ. However, the underlying tumor biology that explains these differences has also been systematically investigated. As a result, four consensus molecular subtypes were identified, which are based on the anatomical location and selection of molecular markers that can act as potential targets and be used to develop individual treatment methods for each patient. In fact, the molecular stratification on which the current treatment algorithm for metastatic colorectal cancer is based is a significant step for a broader clinical understanding of genetic profiling in order to implement more effective therapeutic approaches. This resulted in a significant improvement of metastatic colorectal cancer control and patient survival. In this review, we attempt to systematize the data and summarize current knowledge about clinical and molecular differences between right- and left-sided colon cancer, which improve the therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer in the era of precision medicine.
Гастроінтестинальні стромальні пухлини: сучасні особливості діагностики та лікування
Authors: Sorokin B.V. , Litvinenko O.O. , Dyadyk O.O. , Samusieva A.A.
Published: August 2024

Гастроінтестинальні стромальні пухлини (GIST) — рідкісні злоякісні новоутворення шлунково-кишкового тракту, однак є найпоширенішим варіантом серед сарком. Більшість таких пухлин діагностується у шлунку (80 %), до 20 % припадає на тонку кишку. Лікування пацієнтів з гастроінтестинальними стромальними пухлинами зазнало значних змін з появою інгібіторів тирозинкінази, які пригнічують тирозинкінази c-KIT та рецептор тромбоцитарного фактора росту альфа. Цей огляд охоплює аспекти ведення пацієнтів з гастроінтестинальними стромальними пухлинами, а саме користь неоад’ювантної та ад’ювантної системної терапії для пацієнтів з такими пухлинами, а також особливості виконання хірургічних втручань у пацієнтів з метастатичними ураженнями та без них. Поліпшилась терапія хворих з поширеними та метастатичними GIST завдяки застосуванню нових тирозинкіназних інгібіторів і хворих з визначеними драйверними мутаціями при «дикому» типі GIST. Чітко визначене поняття іматиніб-нечутливих GIST. Завдяки комплексному підходу до лікування можливе поліпшення прогнозу захворювання та досягнення тривалої ремісії у пацієнтів з метастатичним перебігом.