bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non‐Contact Transfer Printing Enabled by an Ultrasonic Droplet Stamp
Authors: Yang Wencheng , Lin Xinyi , Jiang Jing , Miao Fuxing , Song Jizhou
Published: June 2024

Transfer printing is an important material heterogeneous technique with unique capability for developing existing and envisioned electronic or optoelectronic systems. Here, a simple design of ultrasonic droplet stamp is reported featuring a water droplet on an acoustic resonator attached to a glass sheet, for developing an efficient non‐contact transfer printing. The water droplet offers the benefits of a gentle and conformal contact, yielding an enough adhesion for a reliable pickup in the absence of ultrasound, and ejects a sub‐droplet rapidly due to the Raleigh instability with the ultrasound for an easy non‐contact printing. Experimental studies are carried out to investigate the transient response of ultrasonic droplet stamp under the action of ultrasound and showed that the proposed stamp exhibited extraordinary capabilities of damage‐free pickup and receiver‐independent printing. Demonstrations of the ultrasonic droplet stamp in transfer printing of thin inks with different materials and shapes onto various flat, curved and rough surfaces illustrate its great potential for heterogeneous integration and deterministic assembly.
A New Polar Lead‐Free Hybrid Halide X‐Ray Scintillator
Authors: Wang Yu‐Yin , Song Wei‐Ting , Yao Xin‐Ran , Chen Xiang‐Yu , Cheng Ming‐Tao , Jia Guo‐Hao , Liu He‐Zhi , Liu Xiao‐Tong , Yang Hui‐Hui , Qi Chong‐Hai , Lin Guo‐Ming
Published: June 2024

X‐ray imaging serves a critical role across diverse sectors, including medical diagnostics, industrial surveillance, security, and space exploration. This study delves into the unique properties of a novel polar crystal, [FMPPA]ZnBr4 (FMPPA = protonated 3‐fluoro‐4‐(4‐methyl‐1‐piperazinyl)aniline), characterized by a 0D metal halide structure. This crystal features [ZnBr4]2− tetrahedra and A‐site organic amine ion [FMPPA]2+ rings. With a high photoluminescence quantum yield (≈70%) and minimal self‐absorption, [FMPPA]ZnBr4 demonstrates exceptional scintillation performance under X‐ray excitation, producing 29300 ± 600 photons MeV−1 and achieving a low detection limit of 0.352 µGyair s−1, surpassing conventional 3D perovskite nanocrystals. Beyond superior performance, this scintillator meets the demand for efficient X‐ray imaging light emitters. Moreover, it consistently achieves ≈12.5 lp mm−1 high‐resolution X‐ray imaging. Additionally, [FMPPA]ZnBr4 exhibits a nonlinear optical response, surpassing the benchmark KH2PO4 by 1.8 times. This investigation introduces a new structure framework, paving the way for the development of integrated optoelectronic materials with both nonlinear and linear optical properties.
Tumor Growth Inhibition and Induced the Immunogenic Death of Tumor Cells in Prostate Tumor Bone Metastases by Photothermal Therapy Mediated with Au Nanoparticles Modified with PDA
Authors: Bin Ran , Zhu Chen , Yunjia Rao , Jin Yan , Jie Wang , Dongqin Xiao , Tao Lin , Gang Feng
Published: June 2024

Upon progression to the metastatic stage, prostate tumors commonly exhibit multi‐drug resistance. Combining multiple treatment protocols can be beneficial in overcoming this resistance, which is often attributed to tumor heterogeneity. Recently, nano‐photosensitizer‐mediated photothermal therapy is shown to inhibit tumor growth through multiple pathways, including thermal ablation and activation of the antitumor immune response. In this study, gold nanoparticles (Au) are selected as the core photosensitizer. Then, the photothermal conversion of Au is augmented through dopamine coating, and the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (DOX) is grafted to the dopamine coating. The release of DOX from DOX‐loaded dopamine‐modified gold nanoparticles (Au@PDA@DOX) occurred in response to an acidic environment. The combination of chemotherapy and thermal ablation better inhibits the growth, migration, and invasion of tumor cells and induced tumor cell apoptosis and necrosis in vitro. More importantly, thermal ablation induces the immunogenic death of prostate tumor cells (RM‐1) cells. The transition of prostate tumors from a “cold” to a “hot” tumor with immunogenicity is observed. The combination effectively activates the antitumor immune response, inhibits tumor growth, and alleviated bone damage by tumors in vivo. It is indicated that Au@PDA@DOX nanoparticles will offer a novel treatment protocol for prostate tumor bone metastases.
Systematic Selection of High‐Affinity ssDNA Sequences to Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Lee Dakyeon , Lee Jaekang , Kim Woojin , Suh Yeongjoo , Park Jiwoo , Kim Sungjee , Kim YongJoo , Kwon Sunyoung , Jeong Sanghwa
Published: June 2024

Single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have gained significant interest for their potential in biomedicine and nanoelectronics. The functionalization of SWCNTs with single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) enables the precise control of SWCNT alignment and the development of optical and electronic biosensors. This study addresses the current gaps in the field by employing high‐throughput systematic selection, enriching high‐affinity ssDNA sequences from a vast random library. Specific base compositions and patterns are identified that govern the binding affinity between ssDNA and SWCNTs. Molecular dynamics simulations validate the stability of ssDNA conformations on SWCNTs and reveal the pivotal role of hydrogen bonds in this interaction. Additionally, it is demonstrated that machine learning could accurately distinguish high‐affinity ssDNA sequences, providing an accessible model on a dedicated webpage (http://service.k‐medai.com/ssdna4cnt). These findings open new avenues for high‐affinity ssDNA‐SWCNT constructs for stable and sensitive molecular detection across diverse scientific disciplines.
Solid‐State Electrochemical Thermal Switches with Large Thermal Conductivity Switching Widths
Authors: Bian Zhiping , Yoshimura Mitsuki , Jeong Ahrong , Li Haobo , Endo Takashi , Matsuo Yasutaka , Magari Yusaku , Tanaka Hidekazu , Ohta Hiromichi
Published: June 2024

Thermal switches that switch the thermal conductivity (κ) of the active layers are attracting increasing attention as thermal management devices. For electrochemical thermal switches, several transition metal oxides (TMOs) are proposed as active layers. After electrochemical redox treatment, the crystal structure of the TMO is modulated, which results in the κ switching. However, the κ switching width is still small (<4 W m−1 K−1). In this study, it demonstrates that LaNiOx‐based solid‐state electrochemical thermal switches have a κ switching width of 4.3 W m−1 K−1. Fully oxidized LaNiO3 (on state) has a κ of 6.0 W m−1 K−1 due to the large contribution of electron thermal conductivity (κele, 3.1 W m−1 K−1). In contrast, reduced LaNiO2.72 (off state) has a κ of 1.7 W m−1 K−1 because the phonons are scattered by the oxygen vacancies. The LaNiOx‐based electrochemical thermal switch is cyclable of κ and the crystalline lattice of LaNiOx. This electrochemical thermal switch may be a promising platform for next‐generation devices such as thermal displays.
Nanoplasmonic Single‐Tumoroid Microarray for Real‐Time Secretion Analysis
Authors: Liu Yen‐Cheng , Ansaryan Saeid , Tan Jiayi , Broguiere Nicolas , Lorenzo‐Martín Luis Francisco , Homicsko Krisztian , Coukos George , Lütolf Matthias P. , Altug Hatice
Published: June 2024

Organoid tumor models have emerged as a powerful tool in the fields of biology and medicine as such 3D structures grown from tumor cells recapitulate better tumor characteristics, making these tumoroids unique for personalized cancer research. Assessment of their functional behavior, particularly protein secretion, is of significant importance to provide comprehensive insights. Here, a label‐free spectroscopic imaging platform is presented with advanced integrated optofluidic nanoplasmonic biosensor that enables real‐time secretion analysis from single tumoroids. A novel two‐layer microwell design isolates tumoroids, preventing signal interference, and the microarray configuration allows concurrent analysis of multiple tumoroids. The dual imaging capability combining time‐lapse plasmonic spectroscopy and bright‐field microscopy facilitates simultaneous observation of secretion dynamics, motility, and morphology. The integrated biosensor is demonstrated with colorectal tumoroids derived from both cell lines and patient samples to investigate their vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A) secretion, growth, and movement under various conditions, including normoxia, hypoxia, and drug treatment. This platform, by offering a label‐free approach with nanophotonics to monitor tumoroids, can pave the way for new applications in fundamental biological studies, drug screening, and the development of therapies.
Reference Electrode Types for Zero‐Gap CO2 Electrolyzers: Benefits and Limitations
Authors: Bohn Luca , Kieninger Jochen , Rupitsch Stefan J. , Klose Carolin , Vierrath Severin , Disch Joey
Published: June 2024

Integrated reference electrodes allow to deconvolute voltage contributions of anode and cathode and contribute to a better understanding of CO2 electrolyzers. However, in zero‐gap cell configurations, this integration can be challenging and obtaining error‐free data with such a setup is a non‐trivial task. This study compares five different methods to integrate a reference electrode into an alkaline zero‐gap CO2 electrolysis cell. Sources of error and measures to circumvent them are investigated and finite‐element simulation is used to gain a better understanding of observed effects. Placing a reference electrode into the inactive area of the cell is found to be a reliable method, as long as the placement of electrodes is sufficiently controlled. Sandwiching a wire quasi‐reference electrode between two membranes is especially useful for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; however, it can affect the overall cell performance. Contacting the catalyst layer from the backside with a salt‐bridge is promising for localized measurements if sufficient reproducibility can be ensured.
Ice‐Enabled Transfer of Graphene on Copper Substrates Enhanced by Electric Field and Cu2O
Authors: Ma Hechuan , Chen Xiaoming , Han Yufei , Zhang Jie , Wen Kaiqiang , Cheng Siyi , Zhao Quanyi , Wang Yijie , Wu Jianyang , Shao Jinyou
Published: June 2024

Graphene films grown by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method suffer from contamination and damage during transfer. Herein, an innovative ice‐enabled transfer method under an applied electric field and in the presence of Cu2O (or Cu2O‐Electric‐field Ice Transfer, abbreviated as CEIT) is developed. Ice serves as a pollution‐free transfer medium while water molecules under the electric field fully wet the graphene surface for a bolstered adhesion force between the ice and graphene. Cu2O is used to reduce the adhesion force between graphene and copper. The combined methodology in CEIT ensures complete separation and clean transfer of graphene, resulting in successfully transferred graphene to various substrates, including polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), Teflon, and C4F8 without pollution. The graphene obtained via CEIT is utilized to fabricate field‐effect transistors with electrical performances comparable to that of intrinsic graphene characterized by small Dirac points and high carrier mobility. The carrier mobility of the transferred graphene reaches 9090 cm2 V−1 s−1, demonstrating a superior carrier mobility over that from other dry transfer methods. In a nutshell, the proposed clean and efficient transfer method holds great potential for future applications of graphene.
Small Molecule MIF Modulation Enhances Ferroptosis by Impairing DNA Repair Mechanisms
Authors: Chen Deng , Zhao Chunlong , Zhang Jianqiu , Knol Catharina W. J. , Osipyan Angelina , Majerníková Nad'a , Chen Tingting , Xiao Zhangping , Adriana Jeaunice , Griffith Andrew J. , Gamez Abel Soto , van der Wouden Petra E. , Coppes Robert P. , Dolga Amalia M. , Haisma Hidde J. , Dekker Frank J.
Published: June 2024

Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death that can be modulated by small molecules and has the potential for the development of therapeutics for oncology. Although excessive lipid peroxidation is the defining hallmark of ferroptosis, DNA damage may also play a significant role. In this study, a potential mechanistic role for MIF in homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair is identified. The inhibition or genetic depletion of MIF or other HR proteins, such as breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1), is demonstrated to significantly enhance the sensitivity of cells to ferroptosis. The interference with HR results in the translocation of the tumor suppressor protein p53 to the mitochondria, which in turn stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species. Taken together, the findings demonstrate that MIF‐directed small molecules enhance ferroptosis via a putative MIF‐BRCA1‐RAD51 axis in HR, which causes resistance to ferroptosis. This suggests a potential novel druggable route to enhance ferroptosis by targeted anticancer therapeutics in the future.
Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Imaging Assisted by Machine Learning Analysis: Unveiling Pesticide Molecule Permeation in Crop Tissues
Authors: Wang Xiaotong , Sun Xiaomeng , Liu Zhehan , Zhao Yue , Wu Guangrun , Wang Yunpeng , Li Qian , Yang Chunjuan , Ban Tao , Liu Yu , Huang Jian‐an , Li Yang
Published: June 2024

Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) imaging technology faces significant technical bottlenecks in ensuring balanced spatial resolution, preventing image bias induced by substrate heterogeneity, accurate quantitative analysis, and substrate preparation that enhances Raman signal strength on a global scale. To systematically solve these problems, artificial intelligence techniques are applied to analyze the signals of pesticides based on 3D and dynamic SERS imaging. Utilizing perovskite/silver nanoparticles composites (CaTiO3/Ag@BONPs) as enhanced substrates, enabling it not only to cleanse pesticide residues from the surface to pulp of fruits and vegetables, but also to investigate the penetration dynamics of an array of pesticides (chlorpyrifos, thiabendazole, thiram, and acetamiprid). The findings challenge existing paradigms, unveiling a previously unnoticed weakening process during pesticide invasion and revealing the surprising permeability of non‐systemic pesticides. Of particular note is easy to overlook that the combined application of pesticides can inadvertently intensify their invasive capacity due to pesticide interactions. The innovative study delves into the realm of pesticide penetration, propelling a paradigm shift in the understanding of food safety. Meanwhile, this strategy provides strong support for the cutting‐edge application of SERS imaging technology and also brings valuable reference and enlightenment for researchers in related fields.
On The Thermal Conductivity of Conjugated Polymers for Thermoelectrics
Authors: Rodríguez‐Martínez Xabier , Saiz Fernan , Dörling Bernhard , Marina Sara , Guo Jiali , Xu Kai , Chen Hu , Martin Jaime , McCulloch Iain , Rurali Riccardo , Reparaz Juan Sebastian , Campoy‐Quiles Mariano
Published: June 2024

The thermal conductivity (κ) governs how heat propagates in a material, and thus is a key parameter that constrains the lifetime of optoelectronic devices and the performance of thermoelectrics (TEs). In organic electronics, understanding what determines κ has been elusive and experimentally challenging. Here, by measuring κ in 17 π‐conjugated materials over different spatial directions, it is statistically shown how microstructure unlocks two markedly different thermal transport regimes. κ in long‐range ordered polymers follows standard thermal transport theories: improved ordering implies higher κ and increased anisotropy. κ increases with stiffer backbones, higher molecular weights and heavier repeat units. Therein, charge and thermal transport go hand‐in‐hand and can be decoupled solely via the film texture, as supported by molecular dynamics simulations. In largely amorphous polymers, however, κ correlates negatively with the persistence length and the mass of the repeat unit, and thus an anomalous, albeit useful, behavior is found. Importantly, it is shown that for quasi‐amorphous co‐polymers (e.g., IDT‐BT) κ decreases with increasing charge mobility, yielding a 10‐fold enhancement of the TE figure‐of‐merit ZT compared to semi‐crystalline counterparts (under comparable electrical conductivities). Finally, specific material design rules for high and low κ in organic semiconductors are provided.
Prediction of Alzheimer's disease progression within 6 years using speech: A novel approach leveraging language models
Authors: Amini Samad , Hao Boran , Yang Jingmei , Karjadi Cody , Kolachalama Vijaya B. , Au Rhoda , Paschalidis Ioannis C.
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION

Identification of individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) who are at risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) is crucial for early intervention and selection of clinical trials.

METHODS

We applied natural language processing techniques along with machine learning methods to develop a method for automated prediction of progression to AD within 6 years using speech. The study design was evaluated on the neuropsychological test interviews of n = 166 participants from the Framingham Heart Study, comprising 90 progressive MCI and 76 stable MCI cases.

RESULTS

Our best models, which used features generated from speech data, as well as age, sex, and education level, achieved an accuracy of 78.5% and a sensitivity of 81.1% to predict MCI‐to‐AD progression within 6 years.

DISCUSSION

The proposed method offers a fully automated procedure, providing an opportunity to develop an inexpensive, broadly accessible, and easy‐to‐administer screening tool for MCI‐to‐AD progression prediction, facilitating development of remote assessment.

Highlights

Voice recordings from neuropsychological exams coupled with basic demographics can lead to strong predictive models of progression to dementia from mild cognitive impairment.

The study leveraged AI methods for speech recognition and processed the resulting text using language models.

The developed AI‐powered pipeline can lead to fully automated assessment that could enable remote and cost‐effective screening and prognosis for Alzehimer's disease.
Cerebrospinal fluid p‐tau181, 217, and 231 in definite Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease with and without concomitant pathologies
Authors: Emeršič Andreja , Ashton Nicholas J. , Vrillon Agathe , Lantero‐Rodriguez Juan , Mlakar Jernej , Gregorič Kramberger Milica , Gonzalez‐Ortiz Fernando , Kac Przemysław R. , Dulewicz Maciej , Hanrieder Jörg , Vanmechelen Eugeen , Rot Uroš , Zetterberg Henrik , Karikari Thomas K. , Čučnik Saša , Blennow Kaj
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION

The established cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) phosphorylated tau181 (p‐tau181) may not reliably reflect concomitant Alzheimer's disease (AD) and primary age‐related tauopathy (PART) found in Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) at autopsy.

METHODS

We investigated CSF N‐terminal p‐tau181, p‐tau217, and p‐tau231 with in‐house Simoa assays in definite CJD (n = 29), AD dementia (n = 75), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD (n = 65), and subjective cognitive decline (SCD, n = 28). Post‐mortem examination performed in patients with CJD 1.3 (0.3–14.3) months after CSF collection revealed no co‐pathology in 10, concomitant AD in 8, PART in 8, and other co‐pathologies in 3 patients.

RESULTS

N‐terminal p‐tau was increased in CJD versus SCD (p < 0.0001) and correlated with total tau (t‐tau) in the presence of AD and PART co‐pathology (rho = 0.758–0.952, p ≤ 001). Concentrations in CJD+AD were indistinguishable from AD dementia, with the largest fold‐change in p‐tau217 (11.6), followed by p‐tau231 and p‐tau181 (3.2–4.5).

DISCUSSION

Variable fold‐changes and correlation with t‐tau suggest that p‐tau closely associates with neurodegeneration and concomitant AD in CJD.

Highlights

N‐terminal phosphorylated tau (p‐tau) biomarkers are increased in Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) with and without concomitant AD.

P‐tau217, p‐tau231, and p‐tau181 correlate with total tau (t‐tau) and increase in the presence of amyloid beta (Aβ) co‐pathology.

N‐terminal p‐tau181 and p‐tau231 in Aβ‐negative CJD show variation among PRNP genotypes.

Compared to mid‐region–targeting p‐tau181, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) N‐terminal p‐tau has greater potential to reflect post‐mortem neuropathology in the CJD brain.
Lower Prevalence of Asymptomatic Alzheimer's Disease Among Healthy African Americans
Authors: Lah James J. , Tian Ganzhong , Risk Benjamin B. , Hanfelt John J. , Wang Liangkang , Zhao Liping , Hales Chadwick M. , Johnson Erik C.B. , Elmor Morgan B. , Malakauskas Sarah J. , Heilman Craig , Wingo Thomas S. , Dorbin Cornelya D. , Davis Crystal P. , Thomas Tiffany I. , Hajjar Ihab M. , Levey Allan I. , Parker Monica W.
Published: June 2024

Objective

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is believed to be more common in African Americans (AA), but biomarker studies in AA populations are limited. This report represents the largest study to date examining cerebrospinal fluid AD biomarkers in AA individuals.

Methods

We analyzed 3,006 cerebrospinal fluid samples from controls, AD cases, and non‐AD cases, including 495 (16.5%) self‐identified black/AA and 2,456 (81.7%) white/European individuals using cutoffs derived from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, and using a data‐driven multivariate Gaussian mixture of regressions.

Results

Distinct effects of race were found in different groups. Total Tauand phospho181‐Tau were lower among AA individuals in all groups (p < 0.0001), and Aβ42 was markedly lower in AA controls compared with white controls (p < 0.0001). Gaussian mixture of regressions modeling of cerebrospinal fluid distributions incorporating adjustments for covariates revealed coefficient estimates for AA race comparable with 2‐decade change in age. Using Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative cutoffs, fewer AA controls were classified as biomarker‐positive asymptomatic AD (8.0% vs 13.4%). After adjusting for covariates, our Gaussian mixture of regressions model reduced this difference, but continued to predict lower prevalence of asymptomatic AD among AA controls (9.3% vs 13.5%).

Interpretation

Although the risk of dementia is higher, data‐driven modeling indicates lower frequency of asymptomatic AD in AA controls, suggesting that dementia among AA populations may not be driven by higher rates of AD. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:463–475
Golden Hour Intravenous Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Al‐Ajlan Fahad S. , Alkhiri Ahmed , Alamri Aser F. , Alghamdi Basil A. , Almaghrabi Ahmed A. , Alharbi Abdullah R. , Alansari Nayef , Almilibari Ahmed Z. , Hussain M. Shazam , Audebert Heinrich J. , Grotta James C. , Shuaib Ashfaq , Saver Jeffrey L. , Alhazzani Adel
Published: June 2024

Objectives

The benefits of intravenous thrombolysis are time‐dependent, with maximum efficacy when administered within the first “golden” hour after onset. Nevertheless, the impact of golden hour thrombolysis has not been well quantified.

Methods

Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched from inception to August 27, 2023. We included studies that reported safety and efficacy outcomes of ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis in the golden hour versus later treatment window. The primary outcome was an excellent functional outcome, defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0–1 at 90 days. The secondary efficacy outcome was a good functional outcome (defined as modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2). The main safety outcome was symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage.

Results

Seven studies involving 78,826 patients met the selection criteria. Golden hour thrombolysis was associated with higher odds of 90‐day excellent functional outcomes (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.16–1.67) and 90‐day good functional outcomes (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.13–1.69) compared with thrombolysis outside the golden hour. The number needed to treat to benefit for golden hour thrombolysis to reduce disability by at least 1 level on the modified Rankin Scale per patient was 2.6. Rates of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage and mortality were similar between groups.

Interpretation

Golden hour thrombolysis significantly improved acute ischemic stroke outcomes. The findings provide rationale for intensive efforts aimed at expediting thrombolytic therapy within the golden hour window following the onset of acute ischemic stroke. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:582–590
Molecular Engineering of Methylated Sulfone‐Based Covalent Organic Frameworks for Back‐Reaction Inhibited Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Xiao Zhiwei , Jiao Lei , Wu Huyue , Tan Yan‐Xi , Lin Jing , Yuan Daqiang , Wang Yaobing
Published: June 2024

Solar‐to‐hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) conversion via photocatalytic overall water splitting (OWS) holds great promise for a sustainable fuel economy, but has been challenged by the backward O2 reduction reaction (ORR) with favored proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) dynamics. Here, we report that molecular engineering by methylation inhibits the backward ORR of molecular photocatalysts and enables efficient OWS process. As demonstrated by a benchmark sulfone‐based covalent organic framework (COF) photocatalyst, the precise methylation of its O2 adsorption sites effectively blocks electron transfer and increases the barrier for hydrogen intermediate desorption that cooperatively obstructs the PCET process of ORR. Methylation also repels electrons to the neighboring photocatalytic sulfone group that promotes the forward H2 evolution. The resultant DS‐COF achieves an impressive inhibition of about 70 % of the backward reaction and a three‐fold enhancement of the OWS performance with a H2 evolution rate of 124.7 μmol h−1 g−1, ranking among the highest reported for organic‐based photocatalysts. This work provides insights for engineering photocatalysts at the molecular level for efficient solar‐to‐fuel conversion.
Structural Modulation of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Efficient Hydrogen Peroxide Electrocatalysis
Authors: Wang Rui , Zhang Ziqi , Zhou Haiping , Yu Mingrui , Liao Li , Wang Yan , Wan Sheng , Lu Haiyan , Xing Wei , Valtchev Valentin , Qiu Shilun , Fang Qianrong
Published: June 2024

The electrochemical production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) using metal‐free catalysts has emerged as a viable and sustainable alternative to the conventional anthraquinone process. However, the precise architectural design of these electrocatalysts poses a significant challenge, requiring intricate structural engineering to optimize electron transfer during the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, we introduce a novel design of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) that effectively shift the ORR from a four‐electron to a more advantageous two‐electron pathway. Notably, the JUC‐660 COF, with strategically charge‐modified benzyl moieties, achieved a continuous high H2O2 yield of over 1200 mmol g−1 h−1 for an impressive duration of over 85 hours in a flow cell setting, marking it as one of the most efficient metal‐free and non‐pyrolyzed H2O2 electrocatalysts reported to date. Theoretical computations alongside in situ infrared spectroscopy indicate that JUC‐660 markedly diminishes the adsorption of the OOH* intermediate, thereby steering the ORR towards the desired pathway. Furthermore, the versatility of JUC‐660 was demonstrated through its application in the electro‐Fenton reaction, where it efficiently and rapidly removed aqueous contaminants. This work delineates a pioneering approach to altering the ORR pathway, ultimately paving the way for the development of highly effective metal‐free H2O2 electrocatalysts.
Nanoarchitectonics of S‐Scheme Heterojunction Photocatalysts: A Nanohouse Design Improves Photocatalytic Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia Performance
Authors: Xi Yamin , Xiang Yitong , Bao Tong , Li Zhijie , Zhang Chaoqi , Yuan Ling , Li Jiaxin , Bi Yin , Yu Chengzhong , Liu Chao
Published: June 2024

Photocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NitRR) is a promising route for environment remediation and sustainable ammonia synthesis. To design efficient photocatalysts, the recently emerged nanoarchitectonics approach holds great promise. Here, we report a nanohouse‐like S‐scheme heterjunction photocatalyst with high photocatalytic NitRR performance. The nano‐house has a floor of plate‐like metal organic framework‐based photocatalyst (NH2‐MIL‐125), on which another photocatalyst Co(OH)2 nanosheet is grown while ZIF‐8 hollow cages are also constructed as the surrounding wall/roof. Experimental and simulation results indicate that the positively charged, highly porous and hydrophobic ZIF‐8 wall can modulate the environment in the nanohouse by (i) NO3− enrichment/NH4+ discharge and (ii) suppression of the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction. In combination with the enhanced electron‐hole separation and strong redox capability in the NH2‐MIL‐125@Co(OH)2 S‐scheme heterjunction confined in the nano‐house, the designed photocatalyst delivers an ammonia yield of 2454.9 μmol g−1 h−1 and an apparent quantum yield of 8.02 % at 400 nm in pure water. Our work provides new insights into the design principles of advanced photocatalytic NitRR photocatalyst.
Lattice Oxygen in Photocatalytic Gas–Solid Reactions: Participator vs. Dominator
Authors: Li Zhonghua , Chen Ping , Feng Jianyong , Zhao Minyue , Zhao Zongyan , Zhang Yuanming , Xu Xiaoming , Huang Huiting , Zou Zhigang , Li Zhaosheng
Published: June 2024

Lattice‐oxygen activation has emerged as a popular strategy for optimizing the performance and selectivity of oxide‐based thermocatalysis and electrolysis. However, the significance of lattice oxygen in oxide photocatalysts has been ignored, particularly in gas–solid reactions. Here, using methane oxidation over a Ru1@ZnO single‐atom photocatalyst as the prototypical reaction and via 18O isotope labelling techniques, we found that lattice oxygen can directly participate in gas–solid reactions. Lattice oxygen played a dominant role in the photocatalytic reaction, as determined by estimating the kinetic constants in the initial stage. Furthermore, we discovered that dynamic diffusion between O2 and lattice oxygen proceeded even in the absence of targeted reactants. Finally, single‐atom Ru can facilitate the activation of adsorbed O2 and the subsequent regeneration of consumed lattice oxygen, thus ensuring high catalyst activity and stability. The results provide guidance for next‐generation oxide photocatalysts with improved activities and selectivities.
Guidelines in Practice: Team Communication
Authors: Speth Jennifer
Published: June 2024

The perioperative setting is a complex environment requiring interdisciplinary team collaboration to avoid adverse events. To protect the safety of patients and perioperative team members, communication among personnel should be clear and effective. The recently updated AORN “Guideline for team communication” provides perioperative nurses with recommendations on the topic. To promote effective communication in perioperative areas, all personnel should value and commit to a culture of safety. This article discusses recommendations for supporting a culture of safety, developing and implementing an effective hand‐off process and surgical safety checklist, and developing education strategies for team communication. It also includes a scenario describing the implementation of a standardized, electronic surgical safety checklist in the OR. Perioperative nurses should review the guideline in its entirety and apply the recommendations for team communication in their working environments.
Improving Intraoperative Parathyroid Hormone Specimen Handling and Processing
Authors: Murgatroyd Jocelyn , Wagner Laura M. , Duh Quan‐Yang
Published: June 2024

Surgeons request intraoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) monitoring during parathyroidectomy procedures to confirm identification of abnormal gland tissue. Generally, a 50% decrease in the baseline PTH level indicates the abnormal tissue has been removed. A delay in collecting and processing PTH blood samples can complicate intraoperative decision making and prolong the procedure. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to develop tools to facilitate the specimen management process (eg, requesting, transporting, analyzing) for PTH blood samples and decrease the average total time required for transit and assay. We implemented a two‐pronged initiative that involved improving the laboratory requisition form and creating a parathyroid tote box to contain all the needed information and supplies. The average total time for transit and assay decreased from 31.36 minutes before implementation to 22.06 minutes after implementation. Perioperative nurses expressed satisfaction with the changes and continue to use the revised process.
Enhancement of CO2 separation efficiency in mixed matrix membranes through zinc ion modified g‐C3N4 nanosheets
Authors: Sun Qin‐Qin , Zhu Ming‐Chao , Zhu Peng‐fei , OuYang Yun‐Xiang , Lu Yong‐Ze , Li Na , Chen Shou‐Wen
Published: June 2024

This study employed modified graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) nanosheets and polyether block amide (Pebax) to prepare mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) aiming to enhance CO2 separation efficiency. Through sulfonation and zinc ion (Zn2+) modification of g‐C3N4 nanosheets, high Zn2+ loaded nanofillers (SCN‐Zn2+) were synthesized. Compared to g‐C3N4, MMMs with SCN‐Zn2+ as nanofiller showed a CO2 permeance of 462 Barrer as well as the CO2/N2 selectivity of 47.5 at the feed gas pressure of 2 bar, which surpassed the 2008 Robeson upper bound. Additionally, the Pebax/SCN‐Zn2+(30) membrane was subjected to continuous gas permeability experiments for 70 h and showed good stability. The results showed that SCN‐Zn2+ nanosheets played an important role in enhancing the gas selectivity of the membranes. SEM confirmed that the SCN‐Zn2+ nanosheets had good compatibility with the Pebax substrate and the presence of hydrophilic sulfonic acid groups effectively suppressed the interfacial defects. The increase in the free volume fraction of the membranes as well as the solubility and diffusion coefficient suggested that the introduction of g‐C3N4 nanosheets led to more tortuous gas transport paths, which enhanced the permeability and selectivity of CO2.
Optimizing Electrodeposition of Polyaniline on Various Woven Steel Mesh Sizes for Enhanced Supercapacitor Performance
Authors: Abbas Dalhatu Ahmad , Faisal Al‐Betar Abdul‐Rahman , Dahiru Abubakar , Shaheen Shah Syed , Abdul Aziz Md.
Published: June 2024

The development of efficient supercapacitors hinges on the innovation of superior electrodes, which are pivotal in augmenting their energy storage capabilities. Supercapacitors, recognized for their high‐power density and extended cycle life, play a crucial role as sustainable solutions in addressing energy storage challenges. A fundamental aspect of supercapacitor functionality involves the electrode material, which works in concert with other key components such as the current collector, separator, and electrolyte. This study focuses on evaluating the impact of the current collector material on the performance of symmetric supercapacitors. We investigated the electropolymerization of polyaniline on woven steel mesh current collectors of varying mesh sizes, ranging from 20 to 200 mesh per inch, using assorted deposition conditions. The electrochemically modified woven steel meshes were utilized to construct symmetric supercapacitors. The electrochemical performance of the assembled supercapacitors, configured in a two‐electrode system, was investigated using a variety of electrochemical techniques to better understand the kinetics of electrolyte ion migration. Notably, the 20‐mesh size, characterized by the fewest pores per inch, demonstrated superior performance with an optimum capacitance of 4730 mF/cm2, an energy density of 317.8 μWh/cm2, and a power density of 400 μW/cm2 at a current density of 1 mA/cm2.
Impact of green human resource management and internal green supply chain management practices on operational performance: An empirical investigation of manufacturing sector
Authors: Gelagay Daniel Atnafu , Werke Shimelis Zewdie
Published: June 2024

The increasing environmental impact has triggered a global shift towards eco‐friendly business strategies. This study examines the impact of green human resource management (GHRM) and internal green supply chain management (IGSCM) on operational performance within the Ethiopian manufacturing sector. Survey data from 219 large and medium‐sized companies in the leather, textiles, agro processing, and cement industries were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling. The findings demonstrate that IGSCM practises, such as eco‐design and internal environmental management, have a positive impact on operational performance. GHRM encourages a culture that supports these practises. Mediation analysis reveals that GHRM indirectly enhances operational performance through IGSCM practises. This study contributes to the existing literature on sustainable HR and supply chain management by emphasising the importance of integrating environmental considerations into HR and supply chain strategies to enhance operational outcomes. Policymakers are encouraged to utilise these findings to develop frameworks that promote environmentally sustainable business practises.
Working title: Molecular involvement of p53‐MDM2 interactome in gastrointestinal cancers
Authors: Yedla Poornachandra , Bhamidipati Pranav , Syed Riyaz , Amanchy Ramars
Published: June 2024

The interaction between murine double minute 2 (MDM2) and p53, marked by transcriptional induction and feedback inhibition, orchestrates a functional loop dictating cellular fate. The functional loop comprising p53‐MDM2 axis is made up of an interactome consisting of approximately 81 proteins, which are spatio‐temporally regulated and involved in DNA repair mechanisms. Biochemical and genetic alterations of the interactome result in dysregulation of the p53‐mdm2 axis that leads to gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. A large subset of interactome is well known and it consists of proteins that either stabilize p53 or MDM2 and proteins that target the p53‐MDM2 complex for ubiquitin‐mediated destruction. Upstream signaling events brought about by growth factors and chemical messengers invoke a wide variety of posttranslational modifications in p53‐MDM2 axis. Biochemical changes in the transactivation domain of p53 impact the energy landscape, induce conformational switching, alter interaction potential and could change solubility of p53 to redefine its co‐localization, translocation and activity. A diverse set of chemical compounds mimic physiological effectors and simulate biochemical modifications of the p53‐MDM2 interactome. p53‐MDM2 interactome plays a crucial role in DNA damage and repair process. Genetic aberrations in the interactome, have resulted in cancers of GI tract (pancreas, liver, colorectal, gastric, biliary, and esophageal). We present in this article a review of the overall changes in the p53‐MDM2 interactors and the effectors that form an epicenter for the development of next‐generation molecules for understanding and targeting GI cancers.
A Bispecific Chimeric Aptamer Design Platform Based on c‐MET Aptamer with a Replaceable Redundant Region
Authors: Zhang Xiangru , Zhang Nan , Sun Haojun , Li Dandan , Long Zhenhao , Sheng Jing , Zu Shuang , Bing Tao , Shangguan Dihua
Published: June 2024

Molecular engineering enables the creation of aptamers with novel functions, but the prerequisite is a deep understanding of their structure and recognition mechanism. The cellular‐mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (c‐MET) is garnering significant attention due to the critical role of the c‐MET/HGF signaling pathway in tumor development and invasion. This study reports a strategy for constructing novel chimeric aptamers that bind to both c‐MET and other specific proteins. c‐MET was identified to be the molecular target of a DNA aptamer, HF3‐58, selected through cell‐SELEX. The binding structure and mechanism of HF3‐58 with c‐MET were systematically studied, revealing the scaffold, recognition, and redundancy regions. Through molecular engineering design, the redundancy region was replaced with other aptamers possessing stem‐loop structures, yielding novel chimeric aptamers with bispecificity for binding to c‐MET and specific proteins. A chimeric bispecific aptamer HF‐3b showed the ability to mediate the adhesion of T‐cells to tumor cells, suggesting the prospective utility in tumor immunotherapy. These findings suggest that aptamer HF3‐58 can serve as a molecular engineering platform for the development of diverse multifunctional ligands targeting c‐MET. Moreover, comprehensive understanding of the binding mechanisms of aptamers will provide guidance for the design of functional aptamers, significantly expanding their potential applications.
(S)‐ML‐SA1 Activates Autophagy via TRPML1‐TFEB Pathway
Authors: Cunha Micael R. , Do Amaral Bruno S. , Takarada Jéssica E. , Valderrama Gabriel V. , Batista Andrea N. L. , Batista João M. , Cass Quezia B. , Couñago Rafael M. , Massirer Katlin B.
Published: June 2024

Autophagic flux plays a crucial role in various diseases. Recently, the lysosomal ion channel TRPML1 has emerged as a promising target in lysosomal storage diseases, such as mucolipidosis. The discovery of mucolipin synthetic agonist‐1 (ML‐SA1) has expanded our understanding of TRPML1′s function and its potential therapeutic uses. However, ML‐SA1 is a racemate with limited cellular potency and poor water solubility. In this study, we synthetized rac‐ML‐SA1, separated the enantiomers by chiral liquid chromatography and determined their absolute configuration by vibrational circular dichroism (VCD). In addition, we focused on investigating the impact of each enantiomer of ML‐SA1 on the TRPML1‐TFEB axis. Our findings revealed that (S)‐ML‐SA1 acts as an agonist for TRPML1 at the lysosomal membrane. This activation prompts transcription factor EB (TFEB) to translocate from the cytosol to the nucleus in a dose‐dependent manner within live cells. Consequently, this signaling pathway enhances the expression of coordinated lysosomal expression and regulation (CLEAR) genes and activates autophagic flux. Our study presents evidence for the potential use of (S)‐ML‐SA1 in the development of new therapies for lysosomal storage diseases that target TRPML1.
Ultrafine Ru Nanoparticles Supported on Mesoporous Silica for Hydrogen Production via Decomposition of Ammonia
Authors: Tang Shu , Ding Jun , Li Wenyi , Zhang Shengbo , Zhang Haimin
Published: June 2024

We reported metallic ruthenium (Ru) nanoparticles loaded on amino modified dendritic mesoporous silica microspheres (Ru/NH2‐DMSMs) for ammonia decomposition to hydrogen. The sizes of the loaded Ru nanoparticles on carrier are 2–3 nm, providing rich active sites for ammonia decomposition reaction. As a result, the obtained Ru/NH2‐DMSMs‐5.1 can afford almost ~100 % ammonia decomposition at 550 °C, due to the unique mesoporous structure of DMSMs inhibiting the aggregation of active Ru nanoparticles and enhancing the mass transport of ammonia.
Study of Mass Transport in the Anode of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell with a New Hydrogen Flow‐Rate Modulation Technique
Authors: Duque Luis , Molinero Antonio , Oller J. Carlos , Barcala J. Miguel , Diaz‐Alvarez E. , Folgado M. Antonia , Chaparro Antonio M.
Published: June 2024

Hydrogen transport in the anode of a proton‐exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has been studied with a modulation technique relating the hydrogen flow‐rate (
) and the faradaic current (
), called Current‐modulated Hydrogen flow‐rate Spectroscopy (CH2S). A simple analytical expression for the transfer function, H(jω)=n F
/
, is provided, showing a skewed semicircle in Nyquist representation (−H'' vs. H'), extending from H’=0 to H’=1, and with the maximum frequency at ωmax=2.33(DH2 /Li2), where DH2 is the effective hydrogen diffusivity and Li the thickness of the anode gas diffusion layer (GDL). The expression for CH2S is also calculated with an existing reversible chemical reaction in the GDL. Experimental results under different operation conditions show two transport processes limiting the anode reaction, one attributed to molecular diffusion through the partially saturated GDL, and the other to the microporous layer (MPL), or its interfaces with GDL or with the catalyst layer (CL). CH2S provides the hydrogen diffusivities (DH2,i) associated to each process under the different conditions. Current density decreases slightly the diffusivity of the GDL, while it becomes activated in the MPL; using two GDLs in the anode improves both GDL and MPL diffusivities; humidification decreases the diffusivity in both, GDL and MPL; finally, a superhydrophobic anodic CL prepared by electrospray improves hydrogen diffusivity in GDL and MPL.
A semi‐automated and structured approach for creating a Geotechnical Synthesis Model
Authors: Werkgarner Hannah , Salzgeber Hannah , Exenberger Hans , Harder Manfred , Schneiderbauer Larissa
Published: June 2024

This article presents an innovative approach to structured information exchange in ground modeling, integrating geology, geotechnics, and hydrogeology. It proposes a data framework seamlessly merging the DAUB's modeling guidelines with the University of Innsbruck research. Addressing diverse data management challenges and ensuring interoperability, the workflow offers solutions for CAD‐ and interpolation‐based modeling, enabling semi‐automated generation of Geotechnical Synthesis Models with open file format export. Overcoming obstacles, the article introduces a uniform rasterization method, defining a tunnel‐specific repository voxel (Tuxel). Results showcase a streamlined, semi‐automated process using Autodesk Civil 3D® and Seequent Leapfrog Works®, enhancing data uniformity and enabling cross‐project information exchange. This workflow provides practical solutions for collaborative ground modeling within BIM/TIM frameworks, fostering efficient and standardized data handling.
Probing Basal and Prismatic Planes of Graphitic Materials for Metal Single Atom and Subnanometer Cluster Stabilization
Authors: Vidal Mathieu , Pandey Jyoti , Navarro‐Ruiz Javier , Langlois Joris , Tison Yann , Yoshii Takeharu , Wakabayashi Keigo , Nishihara Hirotomo , Frenkel Anatoly I. , Stavitski Eli , Urrutigoïty Martine , Campos Cristian H. , Godard Cyril , Placke Tobias , del Rosal Iker , Gerber Iann C. , Petkov Valeri , Serp Philippe
Published: June 2024

Supported metal single atom catalysis is a dynamic research area in catalysis science combining the advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Understanding the interactions between metal single atoms and the support constitutes a challenge facing the development of such catalysts, since these interactions are essential in optimizing the catalytic performance. For conventional carbon supports, two types of surfaces can contribute to single atom stabilization: the basal planes and the prismatic surface; both of which can be decorated by defects and surface oxygen groups. To date, most studies on carbon‐supported single atom catalysts focused on nitrogen‐doped carbons, which, unlike classic carbon materials, have a fairly well‐defined chemical environment. Herein we report the synthesis, characterization and modeling of rhodium single atom catalysts supported on carbon materials presenting distinct concentrations of surface oxygen groups and basal/prismatic surface area. The influence of these parameters on the speciation of the Rh species, their coordination and ultimately on their catalytic performance in hydrogenation and hydroformylation reactions is analyzed. The results obtained show that catalysis itself is an interesting tool for the fine characterization of these materials, for which the detection of small quantities of metal clusters remains a challenge, even when combining several cutting‐edge analytical methods.