bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A hólabdafolyamatról – még egyszer
Authors: Hunyadi László
Published: July 2024

A „hólabda” egy terjedési típusú, nemlineáris autoregresszív folyamat. A hólabdafolyamat időmegoldása (ami bizonyos feltételek mellett explicit formában is előállítható) egy szaturációs függvény, a logisztikus vagy a Gompertz-görbéhez hasonlóan felső korlátos növekedési folyamatot ír le. A hólabdafolyamatot az 1970-es években írtam le először, ám akkor lényegileg szakmai visszhang nélkül maradt. Az azóta eltelt időben a számítástechnika gyors fejlődése lehetőséget teremtett analitikusan nehezen kezelhető feladatok, egyebek között a hólabdafolyamat néhány tulajdonságának vizsgálatára. A cikk ezekből mutat be egyet, de lényeges mondanivalója a hólabdafolyamat alkalmazhatóságának bemutatása három, az elmúlt években nagy figyelmet kapott társadalmi-gazdasági jelenség (a mobiltelefonok elterjedése, a Covid19-járvány lefutása és az utóbbi évek háborús inflációja) példáján.
A szürkegazdaság-mérés és a nem válaszolás
Authors: Galambosné Tiszberger Mónika
Published: July 2024

A tanulmány egy, a szürkegazdaság mérésére a balti államokban már rendszeresen használt módszert mutat be magyarországi példán (2016-os és 2017-es kutatások alapján), ezen belül is arra fókuszálva, hogy milyen jellegzetességei vannak a mintában a nem válaszolásnak. A Shadow Economy Index (szürkegazdaság-index, SEI) a cégek közvetlen lekérdezéséből (direkt módszer) származó eredmények alapján ad becslést egy adott ország GDP-arányos (bruttó hazai termék, Gross Domestic Product) szürkegazdaságára. A téma kényes jellege miatt többnyire tartózkodnak a kutatók a direkt módszerek alkalmazásától, hiszen a szürkegazdasággal kapcsolatos kérdések esetében a válaszadási hajlandóság érthető okokból jellemzően nagyon alacsony. A SEI-módszertan igyekszik maximalizálni a válaszadói hajlandóságot azáltal, hogy személyes interjúként bonyolítja le a kérdezést, tulajdonost vagy vezetőt keres meg, és nem az adott cégre, hanem annak jellemző iparágára vonatkozóan teszi fel a kérdéseket. A nem válaszolás azonban így is jelentős mértékű. A cikk második felében két magyar kutatás alapján arra teszek kísérletet, hogy a cégekre vonatkozó változók alapján meghatározzam, melyek a nem válaszolók jellegzetességei, illetve a változók különböző kombinációi mellett mi történik a válaszadási valószínűséggel.
A meglepetés és okainak mérése a sportban
Authors: Fűrész Diána Ivett
Published: July 2024

Napjaink hivatásos labdarúgásának egyik legfontosabb kérdése, hogy a klubok számára rendelkezésre álló forrás milyen mértékben képes befolyásolni, esetleg determinálni az erőviszonyokat. A témában releváns sportgazdasági kutatások döntő hányada azon a véleményen van, hogy a nagyobb kimeneti bizonytalanság pozitívan hat az érdeklődésre. A labdarúgó Bajnokok Ligája adatain alkalmazva egyrészt bevezetek két, a meglepetés (váratlan eredmény) mértékét számszerűsíteni képes, eltérő (a játékosállomány piaci értékén és a csapat UEFA-együtthatóján alapuló) megközelítést alkalmazó indexet, másrészt megvizsgálom, hogy a két mutató között van-e kapcsolat. Az eredmények azt mutatják, hogy a két megközelítés alapján becsült várakozásaink közel együtt mozognak, vagyis a két meglepetésindex között pozitív, közepes erősségű kapcsolat mutatható ki. Eredményeim alapján nem találtam egyértelmű bizonyítékot arra vonatkozóan, hogy a labdarúgásban a vagyoni helyzet képes jelentősen felülírni a sportszakmai erőviszonyokat.
Investigación e intervención sobre racismo en la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional, México
Authors: Czarny Gabriela , Navia Cecilia , Velasco Saúl
Published: July 2024

En este texto, presentamos algunos resultados del trabajo desarrollado a partir de la 2da y 3era Campañas para la erradicación del Racismo en la Educación Superior (2021,2022) de la Cátedra UNESCO-UNTREF. Como parte de los objetivos que a través del proyecto denominado Laboratorio para la Erradicación del Racismo en la Educación Superior (LERES), 2021 y que tuvo continuidad con el proyecto, Erradicación del racismo en la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional, México 2022, nos propusimos indagar sobre la presencia visible e invisible de discursos y prácticas de racismo presentes en la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional, Ajusco en la ciudad de México. El equipo se conformó con docentes y estudiantes de licenciatura y posgrado de esta institución y a través de una estrategia de investigación e intervención de tipo cualitativa, generamos diversas acciones en internet para, además de indagar, instalar como parte del debate educativo, el tema de racismo y su presencia en la universidad. También analizamos la relación entre educación intercultural y educación antirracista como correlatos para el campo de la formación y obtuvimos diversas propuestas para incorporar el tema del racismo en los diversos programas formativos de la institución, aspectos que conforman este documento.
Sentir-pensar a educação antirracista na universidade: Academia Preta Decolonial como prática de enfrentamento ao racismo
Authors: Sousa Leila Lima de , Carvalho Michelly
Published: July 2024

O Curso “Academia Preta Decolonial: Epistemologias e Metodologias Antirracistas” começou a ser artesanado em julho de 2020. Diante de uma pandemia mundial que escancarou e aprofundou ainda mais as disparidades entre negros e brancos, surgiu como caminho de resistência, de articulação política e de mobilização ativista possibilitada pelo digital, em tempos de distanciamento social. Ao nos encontramos semanalmente para desestabilizar os efeitos da colonialidade, pedíamos licença e direcionamento aos que vieram antes. Cada módulo foi se constituindo como espaço seguro e de proteção pautado na descontinuidade com a geopolítica do saber euro-americano. Nos anos de 2021 e 2022 a Academia Preta Decolonial fez parte das Campanhas pela Erradicação do Racismo no Ensino Superior, promovida pela Cátedra UNESCO-UNTREF, que ajudou a tecer o emaranhado das linhas e dos pontos, a partir da troca e do compartilhamento de experiências com diversas outras Universidades e iniciativas em vários países da América Latina.
ChatGPT and other Chatbots in Psychiatry
Authors: Arbanas Goran
Published: July 2024

Aim: Artificial intelligence (AI) is making significant inroads into the field of psychiatry, offering new tools and applications. ChatGPT, a specific chatbot, is at the forefront of this digital revolution. AI’s use in psychiatry ranges from identifying psychiatric symptoms, predicting treatment responses, and improving medication adherence to assisting in patient education, monitoring, and bridging gaps in mental health care. Materials and Methods: This review used a literature study method. Results: ChatGPT functions as a clinical decision support tool. It can analyse patient data and provide diagnostic insights, recommend evidence-based treatments, and offer drug information. It has demonstrated proficiency in generating summaries from medical records, saving clinicians time and enabling them to focus on patient care. Additionally, chatbots like ChatGPT serve as therapist assistants, offering emotional support between therapy sessions and potentially conducting psychotherapy. Studies have shown positive outcomes, with chatbots reducing depression, anxiety symptoms, and providing 24/7 availability for crisis situations. Users find them non-judgmental and comfortable for discussing sensitive issues. Despite their potential, chatbots have limitations, such as the risk of incorrect or biased information due to their training data. They lack genuine understanding, creativity, and the ability to clarify user input. Ethical considerations regarding responsibility and data usage are paramount. Conclusion: AI, particularly ChatGPT, holds substantial promise in modern psychiatry, enhancing diagnostics, patient education, monitoring, and therapeutic support. Its integration into everyday psychiatric practice requires careful use, continuous oversight, and ethical considerations. Psychiatrists must become more familiar with AI tools to leverage their benefits in patient care.
Incorporating a new disease in the newborn screening programs in Europe: the spinal muscular atrophy case study
Authors: Tãtaru Elena-Alexandra , Ouillade Marie-Christine , Chan Chun-Hung , Pearce David A.
Published: July 2024

Patient advocacy organizations have a forefront role in ensuring that patients’ voices and needs are embedded as a constitutive basis in drug development, diagnosis, and policy recommendations in the healthcare ecosystem. Their sustained involvement in accelerating the policy changes for inclusion of additional diseases in the newborn screening (NBS) programs, supporting harmonization in terms of number of screened diseases across the European Union, constitutes a driving force for advancing the quality of care and the management of rare diseases by aligning NBS policies and practices internationally. In the current European landscape, NBS varies significantly across regions and countries. Patient advocacy organizations are acting to alert healthcare authorities of the existing inequity in NBS and recommending that additional diseases be added to the national NBS programs. Here, we describe the state of play for Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) as a model for advancing NBS for rare diseases where a treatment regime is available. Ultimately, a broad understanding of NBS for SMA will additionally serve as a means to understand the financial impact of early therapeutic intervention for a rare disease.
Use of non-Saccharomyces yeasts in the pris de mousse of Lambrusco. Microbial evolution through alcoholic fermentation and effect on wine volatile profile
Authors: Guzzon Raffaele , Paolini Mauro , Malacarne Mario , Roman Tomas , Naselli Vincenzo , Francesca Nicola , Larcher Roberto
Published: July 2024

Lambrusco is a sparkling wine largely produced in the north of Italy, especially in the Emilia region. The possible application of two non-Saccharomyces yeasts in the secondary bottle fermentation (Champenoise method) was tested in combination with a commercial strain of S. cerevisiae to obtain wines having a distinctive volatile profile. Our results demonstrated that the gradual increase of ethanol content in the pied de cuve ensured the adaptation of Hanseniaspora guilliermondii and Torulaspora delbrueckii at the bottle fermentation, with survival comparable with that of S. cerevisiae, in the order of 6 log units. The simultaneous presence of two yeast species reduced the maximum fermentation rate, without any relevant alteration in the main oenological parameters of resultant wines. GC MS-MS analysis of the volatile profile of wines (46 compounds) highlighted differences in wine made from a pure culture of S. cerevisiae from wines obtained by mixed yeasts. Acetates, esters, and fatty acids are the classes of volatile compounds mostly affected by using different yeasts in the bottle fermentation of Lambrusco wines. This work provided for the first time information about the volatile profile of Lambrusco and suggests an innovative application of non-Saccharomyces yeast in the production of sparkling wines by champenoise methods.
MEMÓRIAS E (RE)INVENÇÕES NO ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO: EXPERIÊNCIAS E PERCURSOS NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES
Authors: Miranda Freitas Lilliane , Lebrego Araújo Rafaela , Corrêa de Sousa-Felix Rosigleyse , Do Socorro Marques-Silva Nelane , Nazaré Dias Bastos Sandra
Published: July 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar memórias e percursos de formadoras de professores por meio de uma pesquisa narrativa que é estruturada em três momentos apresentados a partir da metáfora do fluxo das águas de um rio, com mirada a partir das margens, da nascente à foz. As origens desta história iniciam com a implantação de duas licenciaturas na UFPA, Bragança-PA e as reformulações curriculares implantadas ao longo do tempo. Na segunda margem, refletimos sobre os efeitos das diretrizes curriculares para formação de professores no campo do Estágio Supervisionado, a partir das particularidades locais e do encontro de nossas histórias para formação de um grupo de pesquisa. Na terceira margem, registramos a consolidação de nosso projeto formativo com a perspectiva da formação continuada. Refletir sobre nossas memórias nos faz perceber a dimensão do que construímos, evidenciando os compromissos epistemológicos assumidos e defendidos na direção de um projeto de formação diferenciada de novas gerações de professores. A reflexão sobre os caminhos percorridos nos ajuda a (re)conhecer-nos enquanto formadoras, a partir de experiências vividas em nosso contexto. Esse movimento nos possibilita identificar saberes, epistemologias e identidade(s) que escolhemos ao longo dessa trajetória.
Pencegahan Stunting melalui Pengembangan Kewirausahaan dan Capacity Building Masyarakat Kabupaten Sukoharjo, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Pratiwi Ayudhia , Pratiwi Yulia
Published: July 2024

Angka stunting Kabupaten Sukoharjo, Jawa Tengah setiap tahun mengalami penurunan. Angka kasus stunting di Kabupaten Sukoharjo pada tahun 2020 sebesar 7,33%, pada tahun 2021 menurun menjadi sebesar 7,11% (Pemprov. Jateng, 2022), dan pada tahun 2023 menurun menjadi 7,05% (W.I. Ibadi, 2024). Kabupaten Sukoharjo telah berhasil menurunkan angka stunting setiap tahunnya, keseriusan Pemerintah Kabupaten Sukoharjo melalui aksi konvergensi program pencegahan stunting maka urgensi penelitian mengenai implementasi program pencegahan stunting di Kabupaten Sukoharjo sangat penting untuk dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengkaji implementasi  pencegahan stunting oleh Pemerintah Kabupaten Sukoharjo melalui upaya pengembangan ekonomi melalui kewirausahaan dan kesadaran akan kesehatan bagi masyarakat melalui capacity building serta mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan Pemerintah Kabupaten Sukoharjo dalam menurunkan angka stunting. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif observatoris yaitu memerlukan peninjauan ke desa atau kecamatan di Sukoharjo untuk mengetahui implementasi upaya pengembangan ekonomi melalui kewirausahaan dan kesadaran akan kesehatan bagi masyarakat melalui capacity building di Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa upaya pencegahan stunting dilakukan mulai dari level bawah yaitu keluarga, Rukun Tetangga, Rukun Warga, desa, kecamatan dan sampai level kabupaten. Implementasi pencegahan stunting dengan upaya pengembangan ekonomi melalui kewirausahaan berupa pengembangan budidaya tanaman Algae Spirullina di Kecamatan Tawangsari yang dapat menaikkan ekonomi masyarakat sekaligus manfaat Algae Spirullina yang sebagai suplemen bayi bawah dua tahun.  Implementasi pencegahan stunting dengan upaya peningkatan wawasan dan kesadaran masyarakat melalui program capacity building dengan metode focus group discussion di beberapa kelompok masyarakat di level desa, kecamatan, hingga kabupaten. Faktor pertama yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan penurunan angka stunting di Kabupaten Sukoharjo adalah pemberian suplemen Algae Spirullina kepada bayi bawah dua tahun di Desa Mranggen. Faktor kedua adalah masyarakat semakin melek terhadap pentingnya pencegahan stunting. Faktor ketiga adalah industri Algae Spirullina turut menaikkan ekonomi masyarakat Kecamatan Tawangsari. Faktor keempat adalah, kolaborasi lintas instansi pemerintahan di Kabupaten Sukoharjo.
Fitotoxicidad y fitorremediación de un suelo contaminado con gasolina utilizando plantas de girasol asistidas por bacterias rizosféricas nativas
Authors: Almazan-Casteñada Patsy Jackeline , Alarcón Alejandro , García-Barradas Óscar , Mendarte-Alquisira Caliope , Ferrera-Cerrato Ronald
Published: July 2024

La fitorremediación es una alternativa para limpiar suelos contaminados utilizando plantas y sus microorganismos asociados. El presente trabajo evaluó la fitotoxicidad y la fitorremediación de un suelo contaminado con gasolina por plantas de girasol (Helianthus annuus L.) asistida con bacterias rizosféricas nativas. Esta investigación contempló tres fases experimentales partiendo de un suelo artificialmente contaminado con gasolina. La primera fase evaluó la germinación de semillas de girasol y su crecimiento en un suelo contaminado (0, 200, 400, 800, 1600, 2400 y 3200 mg/kg), observándose la germinación y la tolerancia de las plántulas en todas las concentraciones de gasolina, a los 20 días. En la segunda fase se aislaron bacterias totales del suelo contaminado y se caracterizaron mediante pruebas bioquímicas relacionadas con el crecimiento vegetal y se identificaron molecularmente. La gasolina inhibió el crecimiento bacteriano, y se seleccionaron 10 cepas con capacidad promotora del crecimiento vegetal, sobresaliendo los géneros Bacillus, Streptomyces, Pseudomonas, Priestia, Massilia y Sphingobium. La tercera fase consistió en un bioensayo de fitorremediación del suelo contaminado (0, 1600 y 3200 mg/kg) inoculando plantas con las 10 bacterias aisladas de la fase 2, aplicadas en consorcio. A los 60 días, a pesar de no influir en el crecimiento vegetal, las bacterias disminuyeron significativamente la presencia del contaminante en el suelo (~50 % remoción). La inoculación de girasol con bacterias nativas es una alternativa para reducir la contaminación de gasolina en el suelo.
Euclidean Relativity Solves the Hubble Constant Tension
Authors: Niemz Markolf H.
Published: July 2024

Einstein’s special relativity (SR) and general relativity (GR) describe nature in “subjective concepts” (concepts of an observer), such as relative spacetime, wave, particle, and force. Despite the Lorentz covariance of SR and the general covariance of GR, an observer’s perspective is always egocentric. Coordinate-free formulations of SR/GR or multiple egocentric perspectives do not provide a “holistic view of nature” (comprehensive view of nature from all possible perspectives at the same instant in time) because there is no absolute time in SR/GR. Here I show: Euclidean relativity (ER) describes nature in “objective concepts” (concepts that are immanent in all objects). “Pure distance” replaces spatial and temporal distance. “Pure energy” replaces wave and particle. Each object’s proper space d1, d2, d3 and its proper time τ span an absolute 4D Euclidean spacetime (ES), where d1, d2, d3 and d4 = cτ are pure distances. All energy moves through ES at the speed of light c. An object’s proper time flows in the direction of its 4D motion. Thus, there is a relative 4D vector “flow of proper time”. The invariant parameter is absolute, cosmic time t. An observer’s reality is created by projecting ES orthogonally to his proper space and to his proper time. ER neither competes with nor replaces SR/GR. ER complements SR/GR by adding a holistic view. SR/GR describe an observer’s reality but fail to solve various mysteries. ER describes the master reality ES but excludes the subjective concept of waves. Still, ER solves 15 fundamental mysteries geometrically, such as time’s arrow, the horizon problem, the Hubble constant tension, dark energy, entanglement, and the baryon asymmetry.
Kinetic Insights into the Antioxidant Effect of Isatin-Thiosemicarbazone in Biodiesel Blends
Authors: Karakullukcu Nalan Turkoz , Muglu Halit , Yakan Hasan , Yilmaz Volkan Murat , Marah Sarmad , Ince İkbal Agah
Published: July 2024

Biodiesel has several drawbacks, such as being prone to oxidation, having reduced stability, and having limited storage time. Antioxidants compatible with biodiesel are being used to address its drawbacks. Utilizing antioxidants effectively improves the quality of biodiesel. Enhancing the quality of biodiesel for use as a clean energy source benefits both the global economy and ecology. Therefore, we believe that our work will contribute to the advancement of the worldwide industry. The study used blends consisting of 20% biodiesel and 80% diesel fuel. Isatin-thiosemicarbazones were tested as additives in blends at a concentration of 3000 parts per million (ppm) using an oxifast device. Comparing them to the chemical antioxidant Trolox. FT-IR, DSC, and TGA were used to characterize these samples. DSC measured sample crystallization temperatures (Tc). Samples with antioxidants showed decreased values compared to the non-antioxidant diesel sample D100. Several DSC tests were conducted to determine the antioxidant strengths of various samples. The results showed that the FT-IR spectrum's antioxidant effect regions grow clearer with antioxidants. The extra antioxidant is effective. Biodiesel's oxidative stability improves with isatin-thiosemicarbazones at varying concentrations. The kinetics of thermal decomposition of isatin-thiosemicarbazones under non-isothermal conditions have been determined using the Kissinger, Ozawa, and Boswell techniques. The activation energies of compounds 1 and 2 were calculated 137–147 kJ mol-1 and 173–183 kJ mol-1, respectively.
Understanding Galectin-3's Role in Diastolic Dysfunction: A Contemporary Perspective
Authors: Hao Wen-Rui , Cheng Chun-Han , Liu Ju-Chi , Chen Huan-Yuan , Chen Jin-Jer , Cheng Tzu-Hurng
Published: July 2024

Diastolic dysfunction, a prevalent condition characterized by impaired relaxation and filling of the left ventricle, significantly contributes to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Galectin-3, a β-galactoside-binding lectin, has garnered attention as a potential biomarker and mediator of fibrosis and inflammation in cardiovascular diseases. This comprehensive review investigates the impact of galectin-3 on diastolic dysfunction. We explore its molecular mechanisms, including its involvement in cellular signaling pathways and interaction with components of the extracellular matrix. Evidence from both animal models and clinical studies elucidates galectin-3's role in cardiac remodeling, inflammation, and fibrosis, shedding light on the underlying pathophysiology of diastolic dysfunction. Additionally, we examine the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of galectin-3 in diastolic dysfunction, emphasizing its potential as both a biomarker and a therapeutic target. This review underscores the significance of comprehending galectin-3's role in diastolic dysfunction and its promise in enhancing diagnosis and treatment approaches for HFpEF patients.
Interplay between Bile Acids and Intestinal Microbiota: Regulatory Mechanisms and Strategic Interventions for Infections
Authors: Li Wenweiran , Chen Hui , Tang Jianguo
Published: July 2024

Bile acids (BAs) play a crucial role in the human body's defense against infections caused by bacteria, fungi, and viruses. BAs counteract infections not only through interactions with intestinal bacteria exhibiting bile salt hydrolases (BSHs) activity but also directly combat infections. Building upon our research group's previous discoveries highlighting the role of BAs in combating infections, we have initiated an in-depth investigation into the interactions between BAs and microbiota. Leveraging existing literature, we offer a comprehensive analysis of the relationships between BAs and 16 key microbiota. This investigation encompasses bacteria (e.g., Clostridioides difficile, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Bacteroides, Clostridium scindens, Streptococcus thermophilus, Saccharomyces boulardii, Clostridium butyricum, Lactic Acid Bacteria), fungi (e.g., Candida albicans), and viruses (e.g., Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, norovirus). Our research underscores the critical role of the interplay between BAs and intestinal microbiota, including Bacteroides, Clostridium scindens, Streptococcus thermophilus, Saccharomyces boulardii, Clostridium butyricum, and Lactic Acid Bacteria, in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and combating infections. It is imperative to note that Primary bile acid (PBA) and Secondary bile acid (SBA) often exhibit distinct roles in the anti-infection process. In the antimicrobial action of BAs, SBA demonstrate antagonistic properties against a wide range of microbiota, with the exception of Norovirus. Given the intricate interplay between BAs and intestinal microbiota, and their regulatory effects on infections, we assert that BAs hold significant potential as a novel approach for preventing and treating intestinal microbial infections.
Socio-Economic Impacts of Extreme Floods on Agroextractive Socio-Ecological Systems in the Western Amazon
Authors: Guimarães David Franklin da Silva , Schor Tatiana , Ferreira Fernanda Sousa , Carla Thaís , Lopes Marcileia Couteiro , Figueiredo da Cunha Marcos , Campos Silva João , Monteiro Santiago Julian , Pereira Josiara Reis , Santiago Raqueline Nery , da Cunha Manoel Silva , da Silva Teixeira Samela , Vasconcelos Monica Alves , Rodrigues Bustamante Norma Cecília , Campelo Maison Bernardino , Oliveira Gilberto Olavo da Costa
Published: July 2024

The effects of climate change are already being felt around the world; however, data on its socio-economic impacts in regions such as the Amazon are still insufficient. Thus, this article aims to reveal the socio-environmental vulnerability of riverine communities to climate change through an analysis carried out in the middle Juruá region, Brazil, focusing on the loss of agricultural production that occurred after the extreme flooding in 2021. Data were collected through semi-structured questionnaires with the participation of 638 agro-extractivists from traditional riverine communities in the municipality of Carauari in the Brazilian Amazon, as well as the collection of documentary information and field visits to quantify and qualify the damage caused by the flood. The loss of agricultural production in the territory exceeded the value of US$ 1,300,000 with greater losses in the production of cassava flour, an essential food for the riverine communities. Production chains of non-timber products, such as the case of rubber tapping and the harvesting of oilseeds, were also directly impacted. The damages caused by climate change to the Amazonian riverine sociological systems are already being experienced by the traditional communities of the middle Juruá region. Governments need to assist these populations in building adaptive measures and strengthening local resilience.
Receptors Involved in COVID-19-Related Anosmia: An Update on the Pathophysiology and the Mechanistic Aspects
Authors: Al-Saigh Noor N. , Harb Amani A. , Abdalla Shtaywy
Published: July 2024

Background Olfactory perception is an important physiological function for the human well-being and health. Loss of olfaction, or anosmia, caused by viral infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) received a considerable attention especially in the persistent cases that take long time to recover. Objectives This review discusses the integration of different components of the olfactory epithelium to serve as a structural and functional unit, and explores how they are affected during viral infections, leading to the development of olfactory dysfunction. Methods The review mainly focused on the role of receptors mediating the disruption of olfactory signal transduction pathways such as ACE2, TMPRSS2 protease, neuropilin 1 (NRP1), basigin (CD147), olfactory, TRPV1, purinergic, and interferon gamma receptors. Furthermore, the compromised function of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection and its contribution in olfactory dysfunction is also discussed. Results Collectively, this review provides fundamental information about the many types of receptors that may modulate olfaction and participate in olfactory dysfunction. It will help to understand the underlying pathophysiology of virus-induced anosmia which may help in finding and designing effective therapies targeting molecules involved in viral invasion and in olfaction. Conclusion This wide and complex spectrum of receptors that mediates the pathophysiology of olfactory dysfunction reflects the many ways by which anosmia can be therapeutically managed.
Electromigration in Nano-Interconnects: Determining Reliability Margins in Redundant Mesh Networks Using a Scalable Physical-Statistical Hybrid Paradigm
Authors: Zahedmanesh Houman
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a hybrid modelling approach that combines physics-based electromigration modelling (PEM) and statistical methods to evaluate the electromigration (EM) limits of nano-interconnects in mesh networks. The approach, which is also compatible with standard Place and Route (P&R) tools and practices, takes into account the positive impact of network redundancy on EM current limits. The study shows that conventional methods underestimate the EM current limits of a power delivery network (PDN) unit-cell by 80% due to their lack of consideration for redundancy. Additionally, the time-to-failure (TTF) distributions of a PDN unit-cell adhered to a lognormal distribution, where the lognormal sigma, σlogn, exhibits a 55% reduction compared to that of the single constituent interconnects. The study also found the negative voltage (i.e. ground or Vss) grid to be more susceptible to EM than the positive voltage, i.e. Vdd grid. In the examined grid unit-cell design, both the number of interconnect sites prone to voiding and also the magnitude of the peak tensile stress within the nano-interconnects were found to be 2-folds as high in the Vss case compared to Vdd. lognormal sigma of TFF for the grid unit-cells, σ_(logn-tile), show a marked reduction compared to the lognormal sigma of the constituent single interconnects, σ_logn, with a 50% and 66% decrease compared to single interconnects, for downstream (Vss) and upstream (Vdd), respectively. In addition, σ_(logn-tile) was 3-folds higher for downstream (Vss) compared to upstream (Vdd), whilst, in contrast this difference was only 2-folds at single interconnect level. 4.13-folds higher TTF50% was observed at grid unit-cell level for upstream compared to downstream operation which was also more pronounced than in the single interconnect level where the difference was only 2-folds. This research provides valuable insights into EM aging of nano-interconnects in mesh networks and could pragmatically enhance the accuracy of EM compliance evaluation methods.
Neuroinflammatory Approach to Surgical Trauma: Biomarkers and the Mechanisms of the Immune and Neuroendocrine Response
Authors: Silva Gustavo Nascimento , Brandão Virna Guedes , Perez Marcelo Vaz , Blum Kenneth , Lewandrowski Kai Uwe , Alvim Fiorelli Rossano Kepler
Published: July 2024

The severity and invasiveness of clinical outcomes from organic responses to trauma are influenced by individual, surgical and anesthetic factors. A stress response elicits neuroendocrine and immune reactions that may lead to multi-organ dysfunction. The degree of neuroinflammatory reflex activation from trauma can increase pro-inflammatory cytokine production, leading to endothelial dysfunction, glycocalyx damage, neutrophil activation and multisystem tissue destruction. A shift in patient treatment towards a neuroinflammatory perspective has prompted a new evaluation protocol for surgical patients, required to understand surgical pathogenesis and its link to chosen anesthesia-surgical methods. This study aims to provide a description of the mechanisms involved in the immune and neuroendocrine response and below is a summary of the main mediators, focusing on video laparoscopic surgeries, by examining its frequency usage by researchers. We performed a narrative review of data from databases like PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, high-impact journals, and studies from the past decade that used inflammatory mediator analysis to compare anesthetic and surgical strategies. Results showed preference for certain biomarkers more sensitive to tissue trauma. These markers display distinct behaviors, temporal fluctuations and their dosages serve as a tool to measure and validate therapeutic approaches in perioperative systemic inflammation.
Research on Optimizing Human Resource Expenditure in the Allocation of Materials in Universities
Authors: Zhao Li , Wang Ying
Published: July 2024

This study establishes a multivariate function model for natural human load carrying walking in some typical scenarios like college equipments and materials relocation for students. For classified materials relocation needs and constraints, we obtain the relationship between walking speed and load weight for single person, as well as the time cost for different round trips. By establishing an integer programming model with the minimum total transportation time cost and quality assurance as the objective function and the requirements of negative weight and speed as the constraints conditions, we reach the optimal item allocation methods considering time cost and shelf life were obtained. We discover that there is an approximate linear relationship between the change in natural walking speed and travel time when the load is small, thus obtaining the time cost of student transportation under different round-trip situations. The Monte Carlo simulation algorithm is used to obtain the optimal allocation scheme that meets the efficiency and quality requirements. The analysis methods and results can be used as guidance for task scheduling optimization for material relocation in educational organizations as well as commercial agencies.
Semantic Segmentation of Land Covers Using Deep Learning with a Pre-trained Backbone: A Case Study in in the Franciacorta Wine-growing Area
Authors: Tariku Girma , Ghiglieno Isabella , Morchio Andres Sanchez , Facciano Luca , Birolleau Celine , Simonetto Anna , Serina Ivan , Gilioli Gianni
Published: July 2024

Land cover mapping, essential for understanding global land use patterns, relies on satellite imagery for monitoring changes, assessing ecosystem health, and supporting conservation ef- forts. However, significant challenges remain in managing large, complex satellite imagery datasets, acquiring specialized datasets due to high costs and labor intensity, and a lack of comparative studies for optimal deep learning model selection. Additionally, a scarcity of aerial datasets specifically tailored for agricultural areas exists. This study addresses these gaps by presenting a method for semantic segmentations of land covers in agricultural areas using satellite images and deep learning models with pre-trained backbones. We introduce an efficient methodology for preparing semantic segmentation datasets and contribute the "Land Cover Aerial Imagery" (LICAID) dataset for semantic segmentation. The study focuses on the Franciacorta area, Lombardy Region, leveraging the rich diversity of the dataset to effectively train and evaluate the models. We conduct a comparative study, employing cutting-edge deep learning-based segmentation models (U-Net, SegNet, DeepLabV3) with various pre-trained backbones (ResNet, Inception, DenseNet, EfficientNet) on our dataset acquired from Google Earth Pro. Through meticulous data acquisition, preprocessing, model selection, and evaluation, we demonstrate the effectiveness of these techniques in accurately delineating land cover classes. Integrating pre-trained feature extraction networks significantly improves performance across various metrics. Additionally, addressing challenges such as data availability, computational resources, and model interpret-ability is essential for advancing the field of remote sensing and supporting sustainable environmental stewardship worldwide.
Access to Quality Seed, Credit, and Extension Services Are Key Factors Influencing the Adoption of Improved Wheat Production Technologies in the Irrigated, Heat-Prone, Arid Environments of Sudan
Authors: Ibrahim Abdelhamed Mohammed Magboul , Hassan Alawia Osman , Idris Amani Ahmed Mohamed , Gorafi Yasir Serag Alnor , Tsujimoto Hisashi , Tahir Izzat Sidahmed Ali
Published: July 2024

Successful strategies that can contribute to poverty reduction and improve the livelihoods of the poor, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), are critically needed to address the technology adoption constraints. The objectives of this study were to assess the adoption rate of improved technologies and management practices and to identify the key factors influencing their adoption in the major wheat-producing areas of Sudan's irrigated, dry, and heat-prone environments. A farm survey was conducted in 2021 using a structured questionnaire that included all recommended technological options for optimum and sustainable wheat production. A total of 300 farmers, 93, 101, and 106 from Northern (NS), Kassala (KS), and Gezira (GS) states, respectively, were selected and interviewed. Besides descriptive statistics, a binary logistic model was used to identify the socioeconomic and production factors affecting farmers' perceptions of improved and recommended technological options. The study found a wide range of adoption rates depending on the specific technology practice and the area surveyed. The lowest adoption rate was observed for land preparation (6.5%) in NS. Adoption rates ranging from 26-100% were observed for technologies such as sowing date, seed rate, seed treatment, awareness of released varieties, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers application, and chemical weed control. The difference in the productivity of technological options adopters was significant (P = 0.015) compared to non-adopters. The binary logistic regression results showed that five out of seven explanatory variables hypothesized to influence wheat farmers' perceptions on the decision to adopt improved and recommended technologies significantly influenced farmers' decision to adopt the technologies. In particular, access to quality seed, financial credit, and extension services were found to be the most critical determinants of adopting improved technologies. Approaches that bring together all stakeholders along the crop value chain, including policymakers, to jointly analyze, identify, and prioritize challenges, develop and apply solutions and work plans using feedback and learning mechanisms are expected to increase farmer awareness and adoption of improved technologies, ultimately leading to sustainable wheat production.
BACH: A Tool for Analyzing Blockchain Transactions Using Address Clustering Heuristics
Authors: De Lucci Antonio , De Lucci Francesco , Caringella Michele , Galantucci Stefano , Costantini Matteo
Published: July 2024

Cryptocurrencies have now become an emerging blockchain-based payment technology. Users’ identities on such networks are pseudo-anonymous in that all transactions made from an address are transparent and searchable by anyone; to preserve their privacy, users often use many different addresses. In recent years, some studies have been conducted regarding analyzing clusters of Bitcoin addresses that, according to certain heuristics, belong to the same entity. Such action allows law enforcement to have relevant information in cases where cryptocurrencies are used for illegal trafficking. Clustering methods based on a single heuristic do not allow the clustering of many addresses in a complete and accurate manner. This paper proposes Bitcoin Address Clustering based on multiple Heuristics (BACH), a tool that uses three different clustering heuristics to identify clusters of Bitcoin addresses, which are displayed through a three-dimensional graph. Based on the results, several analyses were conducted, including a comparison with Wallet Explorer, an address clustering tool similar to BACH. BACH, in addition to introducing the innovative feature of graphical visualization of the internal structure of clusters, is shown to improve address aggregation through the joint use of three heuristics for clustering.
Rasagiline Confers Neuroprotection to PC12 Cell Cultures Exposed to Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation Insult by Activating the Akt/Nrf2 Redox-Signaling Pathway and by Decreasing the Nuclear Translocation of Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydroge
Authors: Lecht Shimon , Lahiani Adi , Klazas Michal , Naamneh Majdi Saleem , Rubin Limor , Dong Jiayi , Zheng Wenhua , Lazarovici Philip
Published: July 2024

Rasagiline (Azilect®) is a selective monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor that provides symp-tomatic benefit in Parkinson’s disease (PD) treatment and found to exert preclinical neuroprotec-tive effects. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective signaling pathways of rasagiline in the PC12 neuronal cultures exposed to an ischemic-like insult. Exposure of neurons to oxy-gen-glucose deprivation for 4 h followed by 18 h of reoxygenation caused 40% aponecrotic cell death. Rasagiline induced dose-dependent neuroprotection by decreasing cell death and produc-tion of the neurotoxic reactive oxygen species, and reducing the nuclear translocation of glycer-aldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Rasagiline increased protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation and decreased protein expression of the ischemia-induced α-synuclein protein, in correlation to the neuroprotective effect. Treatment with rasagiline induced nuclear shuttling of transcription factor Nrf2 and increased the mRNA levels of the antioxidant enzymes heme oxy-genase-1, (NAD (P) H- quinone dehydrogenase, and catalase. These results indicate that rasagiline provides neuroprotection in the ischemic neuronal cultures with inhibition of α-synuclein and GAPDH-mediated aponecrotic cell death, and via mitochondrial protection, as by increasing mi-tochondria-specific antioxidant enzymes by a mechanism involving the Akt/Nrf2 redox-signaling pathway. These findings may be exploited for neuroprotective drug development in PD and stroke therapy.
Machine Learning in Fintech: Opportunities, Challenges and Future Directions
Authors: JAGLI DHANAMMA SHANKAR , Khambaye Sakshi , Solanki Ramesh
Published: July 2024

Abstract: Online services have transformed into a boon for various industries and globalization as a whole. One of the ventures reliant upon the Web is finance. Pattern prediction and risk reduction in the stock market and other financial decisions are made possible by some technologies. These technologies promise to expand innovation, knowledge, and efficiency opportunities in the financial sector. Finance frequently uses machine learning technology to identify risks based on probabilistic statistics and historical data to support investment decisions. Additionally, it can be utilized for risk assessment and risk management planning. Internet technology, which enables real-time data analysis, streamlined transactions, and improved customer communication, has particularly benefited the financial sector. However, these advancements come with significant challenges, such as the need for robust online credit protection and security threats. This study looks at how advanced machine learning methods are used in the financial sector and focuses on how they have changed credit scoring, algorithmic trading, and predictive modeling.
Innovative Wood Fire Retardant Coating Based on Biocompatible Nanocellulose Surfactant and Expandable Graphite
Authors: Jurczyková Tereza , Kmeťová Elena , Kačík František , Lexa Martin , Ťoupal Jakub
Published: July 2024

Nanocellulose (CNC) seems to be a promising surfactant, which, together with expandable graphite (EG), forms the essence of an effective natural-based fire retardant wood coating. In our research, the most suitable composition of the mixture was tested concerning good solubility, dispersion, and consistency. Favorable results were achieved with the formulation composed of a 4% CNC alkaline solution with 80 wt.% of selected EG. Subsequently, six different EG were used to prepare these wood fire retardant coatings. The effectiveness of treatments was verified using a test with a radiant heat source, where the test samples' relative weight loss, relative burning rate, and surface temperature during 600 sec were evaluated. All prepared formulations can be characterized as more or less equally effective. However, the best results were obtained with EG of GG 200 – 100 N, where the mass loss of the sample was 8.10 ± 1.24%. Very good results were also achieved by graphite 25 E + 180 HPH (8.70 ± 0.89%), which is similar to the previous one, even according to the microscopic assessment of the coating as well as the expanded layer. Graphite type 25 K + 180 (8.86 ± 0.65 %) shows the expanded layer's best cohesion, coating uniformity, and ease of application. The results of this work confirmed that the CNC coating itself has significant retardation effects.
Case Report: Molecular analyses of cell cycle-related genes in cortical brain tissue of a Rasmussen Encephalitis patient
Authors: Gonçalves João Ismael Budelon , de Castro Vinicius Rosa , Martins William Alves , Xavier Fernando Antonio Costa , da Costa Jaderson Costa , Neto Eliseu Paglioli , Palmini André , Marinowic Daniel Rodrigo
Published: July 2024

: Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) stands as a rare neurological disorder marked by progressive cerebral hemiatrophy and epilepsy resistant to medical treatment. Despite extensive study, the primary cause of RE remains elusive, while its histopathological features encompass cortical inflammation, neuronal degeneration, and gliosis. The underlying molecular mechanisms driving disease progression remain largely unexplored. In this case study, we present a patient with RE who underwent hemispherectomy and has remained seizure-free for over six months, experiencing gradual motor improvement. Further-more, we conducted molecular analysis on the excised brain tissue, unveiling a decrease in the expres-sion of cell cycle-associated genes coupled with elevated levels of BDNF and TNF-α proteins. These findings suggest potential involvement of cell cycle regulators in the progression of RE.
A Structured Light 3D Reconstruction Method Based on Neural Network
Authors: Li Chengcheng , Chen Jiancong , Chen Xueli
Published: July 2024

The monocular structured light measurement system has low cost, simple algorithms, and a wide measurement range, making it widely applicable in multiple fields. However, in practical applications, the system may be affected by various factors including noise, non-linear intensity, changes in the reflectivity of the object being measured, and the calibration method and accuracy of the system, thereby reducing the measurement accuracy. In order to solve these issues, this paper proposes a new monocular structured light measurement method, mainly comprises the following two points: (a) A denoising algorithm for phase images based on DAE is proposed, which calculates the wrapped phase of the phase-shifted fringes after initial denoising by DAE. Then, a new phase-shifted fringe pattern is generated and input into DAE for iterative denoising, achieving high-performance image denoising and high-precision wrapped phase solution. (b) A new absolute phase height calibration algorithm is proposed, which introduces camera internal and external parameters and uses a two-layer feedforward network to directly establish the relationship between phase and the 3D coordinate system. Without the need for high-precision motion platforms, high-precision phase height calibration is attainable. In general, compared to conventional methods, the experimental results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed method for low-quality phase-shifted fringe 3D reconstruction. In addition, the measurement method described in this article also demonstrates effectiveness in high-dynamic scenes.