bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wpływy składniowe gwar kaszubskich na lokalną mówioną polszczyznę
Authors: Makurat Hanna
Published: February 2016

Syntactic influences of Kashubian dialects on local Polish speechThis article is the result of field research conducted in the Kashubian language area. The analysis of the Polish texts acquired during the research showed that on the syntactic plane there is an interference of the Kashubian dialects in the Polish language. As a result of the Kashubian dialects’ impact on spoken Polish, the following phenomena were revealed in the informants’ statements: changes in verb government, the use of prepositions characteristic of Kashubian, and the influence of Kashubian-specificuse of conjunction indicators. However, it is uncertain whether the use of genetivus partitivus, the frequent repetition of the subject, and the frequent use of the attributive expressed by an indicating pronoun, can be considered as interferences of Kashubian dialects in the Polish language because these features are also characteristic of everyday Polish. Wpływy składniowe gwar kaszubskich na lokalną mówioną polszczyznęNiniejszy artykuł jest wynikiem badań terenowych przeprowadzonych na kaszubskim obszarze językowym. Analiza uzyskanych w wyniku badań tekstów polskojęzycznych wykazała interferencje gwar kaszubskich w polsz­czyźnie na płaszczyźnie składniowej. W wyniku wpływu gwar kaszubskich na mówiony język polski w wypowiedziach informatorów odnotowano zmiany w zakresie rekcji czasownika, wpływy w zakresie właściwego kaszubszczyźnie użycia przyimków oraz wpływy w zakresie użycia wskaźników zespolenia. Niepewne jest natomiast, czy za interferencje gwar kaszubskich w polszczyźnie można uznać użycie dopełniacza cząstkowego, częste powtarzanie podmiotu i częste użycie przydawki wyrażonej zaimkiem wskazującym, właściwości te charakterystyczne są bowiem również dla potocznej polszczyzny.
"Vzhledově neodolatelný", ale "povahově nesnesitelný", czyli o niektórych czeskich przymiotnikach i przysłówkach
Authors: Bogocz Irena
Published: February 2016

Visually irresistible, but essentially unbearable, or on some of Czech adjectives and adverbsThe present contribution from the field of comparative Slavonic word for­ mation deals with a specific feature of the Czech language, namely its frequent (in comparison to other Slavonic tongues) use of adjectives of passive possibility (impossibility), which in Czech usually assume the suffix -telný (or ne-telný), and of so-called viewpoint adverbs, like cenově, vzhledově, and povahově. The article’s main focus is the situation of Czech from a diachronic perspective. Emphasis is also placed upon the differences between particular Slavonic languages as well as in academic traditions of linguistics in particular Slavonic nations. These theoretical remarks are illustrated with examples of different languages conveying the same message with means that are either synthetic (one word, e.g. adjective or adverb) or analytic (multi-word phrase). Vzhledově neodolatelný, ale povahově nesnesitelný, czyli o niektórych czeskich przymiotnikach i przysłówkachCelem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na specyficzną sytuację języka czeskiego, polegającą na wysokiej częstotliwości (w porównaniu z językiem polskim lub innymi językami słowiańskimi) tworzenia i używania przymiotników (nie)możliwościowych z formantem -telný (ew. ne–telný) oraz tzw. przysłówka względu typu cenově, vzhledově, povahově itd. Odwołując się do odpowiedniej literatury fachowej, autorka przedstawia omawiany temat w ujęciu diachronicznym, zwracając równocześnie uwagę na różnice w konkretnych językach słowiańskich oraz w interpretacjach prezentowanego zjawiska w tradycji lin­gwistycznej poszczególnych narodów słowiańskich. Uwagi natury teoretycznej ilustrowane są przykładami wyrażania tej samej treści – w zależności od danego języka – w sposób syntetyczny (w postaci przymiotnika/przysłówka) albo analityczny (w postaci konstrukcji wielowyrazowej).
Međukulturalnost i kako nas vide drugi
Authors: Ćavar Ana , Pasini Dinka
Published: February 2016

Intercultural competence, or how the others see usThe goal of learning and mastering foreign languages is to develop com­municational competence. Apart from liguistic, sociolinguistic and pragma­ linguistic, this also involves cultural competence. According to the CEFR, cultural competence is aquired by improving skills such as open-mindedness, curiosity and tolerance. These skills help learners to connect the foreign culture with their own and to play the role of a muticultural mediator.One of the crucial preconditions to achieving intercultural competence is overcoming collective as well individual stereotypes. In order to find out whether there are any stereotypical images about Croatia and Croatians among foreign students, the authors conducted surveys among Slavic/Croatian philology students at foreign universities. The goal of this research was to facilitate the implementation of an intercultural instruction approach for Croatian as a foreign language. Kompetencja międzykulturowa albo jak nas widzą inniRozwój komunikacyjnych kompetencji językowych jest celem uczenia się i opanowania języków obcych. Oprócz językowych, socjolingwistycznych i pragmatycznych komponentów obejmuje rozwój kompetencji międzykulturowych. Według CEFR kompetencje kulturowe nabywane są poprzez rozwijanie umiejętności takich jak otwartość, ciekawość i tolerancja, które obejmują zdolność do tworzenia relacji między obcą a własną kulturą i odgrywania roli mediatora.Jednym z istotnych warunków osiągnięcia kompetencji międzykultu­rowych jest przezwyciężenie zbiorowych oraz indywidualnych stereotypów. Aby dowiedzieć się, czy istnieją stereotypowe obrazy/stereotypy o Chorwacji i Chorwatach wśród studentów zagranicznych, przeprowadziłyśmy ankietę wśród studentów slawistyki/kroatystyki na uczelnich zagranicznych. Celem badania było ułatwienie wprowadzenia podejścia międzykulturowego w naucza­niu języka chorwackiego na uniwersytetach.
Internacjonalizmy jako źródło ekwonimii w słowiańskiej terminologii technicznej (na materiale polskim, rosyjskim i bułgarskim)
Authors: Mazurkiewicz-Sułkowska Julia
Published: February 2016

Internationalisms as a source of equonymy in Slavic technical terminology (on the basis of Polish, Russian and Bulgarian material)The article presents one of the main sources of Slavic synonymy in technical terms – the phenomenon of internationalization. On the basis of a compre­hensive set of Polish, Russian and Bulgarian terms of the range of machinery (construction and operation) it was found that Polish terminology uses international units primarily as a component of analytic terms, while the Russian and Bulgarian usually borrow the entire terminological unit and less often use a parallel native term. Internacjonalizmy jako źródło ekwonimii w słowiańskiej terminologii technicznej (na materiale polskim, rosyjskim i bułgarskim)W artykule przedstawiono jedno z głównych źródeł ekwonimii w słowiańskiej terminologii technicznej – zjawisko internacjonalizacji. Na podstawie analizy obszernego zbioru polskich, rosyjskich i bułgarskich terminów z zakresu budowy i eksploatacji maszyn ustalono, że polska terminologia używa jedno­stek międzynarodowych przede wszystkim jako części składowej terminów analitycznych, zaś rosyjski i bułgarski systemy terminologiczne zapożyczają zazwyczaj całą jednostkę terminologiczną i rzadziej używają równolegle ter­minu rodzimego.
Aktywność słowotwórcza a zjawisko zapożyczeń na przykładzie czasowników dwuaspektowych (w ujęciu polsko-słowackim)
Authors: Mieczkowska Halina
Published: February 2016

Word formation activity and the phenomenon of loanwords as exemplified by dual aspect verbs (in Polish-Slovakian interlinguality)The conducted analysis of dual aspect verbs (based on selected linguistic material) and contrasting them with the state observed a quarter or half century ago do not show interdependencies between the existence of the group of genetically foreign dual aspect verbs – which are very limited and virtually relic in Polish but definitely more frequent in Slovakian – and a strong trend for word borrowing. On the contrary, the observed linguistic increase in prefixed oppositional units of perfective aspect indicates that more significant impact on their development and functioning is exerted by the established word formation technique as well as the lexical and grammatical structure of the native language. Aktywność słowotwórcza a zjawisko zapożyczeń na przykładzie czasowników dwuaspektowych (w ujęciu polsko-słowackim)Przeprowadzona analiza czasowników dwuaspektowych (w oparciu o wybrany materiał językowy) i ich konfrontacja ze stanem sprzed ćwierć-, a nawet półwiecza nie wykazują wzajemnych zależności pomiędzy funkcjonowaniem w języku – nielicznej, prawie reliktowej w polszczyźnie i zdecydowanie liczniejszej w języku słowackim – grupy genetycznie obcych czasowników dwuaspektowych a silnym nurtem zapożyczeń. Wręcz przeciwnie – obserwowany przyrost językowy prefiksalnych członów opozycyjnych o wartości aspektu dokonanego wskazuje, że większy wpływ na ich rozwój i funkcjonowanie wywierają utarta technika słowotwórcza i struktura leksykalno-gramatyczna języka rodzimego.
Мова i закон: контроверсiї та маніпуляцiї в українському парламентському дискурci
Authors: Романюк [Romaniuk] Світлана [Svitlana]
Published: February 2016

Language and the law. Controversies and manipulation in Ukrainian parliamentary discourseThis article presents the linguistic resources which Ukrainian parliament members use to form the controversial communiqués. I try to find out what characteristic phrases indicate manipulation of information. Examples are selected from speeches of different political groups of the seventh convocation in the Ukrainian parliament (Verkhovna Rada) on 4th July 2012, when the depu­ties were discussing the Principles of the State Language Policy Act, passed the previous day. To describe the issue in question, I use the method of critical discourse analysis. Język i prawo. Kontrowersje i manipulacje w ukraińskim dyskursie parlamentarnymPrezentowany artykuł jest próbą ustalenia, za pomocą jakich środków językowych posłowie parlamentu ukraińskiego formułują komunikat, który można uznać za kontrowersyjny. Próbuję ustalić, jakie charakterystyczne zwroty wskazują na manipulowanie informacją. Przykłady wyekscerpowano z przemówień przedstawicieli różnych grup politycznych na posiedzeniu Rady Najwyższej Ukrainy w dniu 4 lipca 2012 roku, podczas którego posłowie dyskutowali nad przyjętą poprzedniego dnia ustawą O zasadach polityki językowej. W analizie zastosowano metodę krytycznej analizy dyskursu.
Z problematyki polskich i słoweńskich analityzmów kauzatywnych z parafrazą przymiotnikową
Authors: Zatorska Agnieszka
Published: February 2016

Some remarks on Polish and Slovene analytic causatives paraphrased by adjectivesThe article is devoted to the analytic causative predicates. The data is collected from Polish and Slovene. The basic methodological device is a paraphrase which obligatorily includes an adjective. Special attention is paid to operator verbs, which often have their own semantic features. Some of them are verbs of transfer, others – verbs of motion. In most cases, however, they are causatives which denote change of features. Apart from the basic causative category, the material is classified according to its semantic features, including especially inchoativeness, terminativeness and restorativeness. In conclusion it is emphasized that analytic causatives show their semantic parameters more explicitly than is the case with verbal units and that they demonstrate considerable semantic condensity. Z problematyki polskich i słoweńskich analityzmów kauzatywnych z parafrazą przymiotnikowąArtykuł dotyczy analitycznych realizacji predykatu kauzatywnego. Materiał obejmuje przykłady z języków polskiego i słoweńskiego. Podstawowym narzędziem badawczym jest parafraza, która obligatoryjnie zawiera przymiotnik. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na czasowniki operatorowe, które często mają samodzielne zna­czenie. Niektóre z nich są czasownikami transferu, inne – czasownikami ruchu. Jednakże wiele z nich to także kauzatywa, określające zmianę cechy. Oprócz nadrzędnej kategorii kauzatywnej badane kauzatywa zostały poklasyfikowane ze względu na kategorię inchoatywności, terminatywności, restauratywności. We wnioskach podkreślono, że konstrukcje analityczne bardziej eksplicytnie niż jednostki werbalne ujawniają w swej budowie parametry semantyczne, jak również to, że charakterystyczna jest dla nich duża kondensacja semantyczna.
On Using a Clustering Approach for Global Climate Classification
Authors: Netzel Pawel , Stepinski Tomasz
Published: February 2016

Classifying the land surface into climate types provides means of diagnosing relations between Earth’s physical and biological systems and the climate. Global climate classifications are also used to visualize climate change. Clustering climate datasets provides a natural approach to climate classification, but the rule-based Köppen–Geiger classification (KGC) is the one most widely used. Here, a comprehensive approach to the clustering-based classification of climates is presented. Local climate is defined as a multivariate time series of mean monthly climatic variables and the authors propose to use dynamic time warping (DTW) as a measure of dissimilarity between local climates. Also discussed are the choice of climatic variables, the importance of their proper normalization, and the advantage of using distance-based clustering algorithms. Using the WorldClim global climate dataset and different combinations of clustering parameters, 32 different clustering-based classifications are calculated. These classifications are compared between themselves and to the KGC using the information-theoretic V measure. It is found that the best classifications are obtained using three climate variables (temperature, precipitation, and temperature range), a data normalization that takes into account the skewed distribution of precipitation values, and the partitioning around medoids clustering algorithm. Two such classifications are compared in detail between each other and to the KGC. About half of the climate types found by clustering can be matched to the familiar KGC classes, but the rest differ in their climatic character and spatial distribution. Finally, it is demonstrated that clustering-based classification results in climate types that are internally more homogeneous and externally more distinct than climate types in the KGC.
The Principle of Mercy: Jon Sobrino and the Catholic Theological Tradition
Authors: Walatka Todd
Published: February 2016

The theme of mercy stands at the heart of Jon Sobrino’s theological project, fundamentally shaping his Christology, anthropology, martyrology, ecclesiology, and much else. This essay analyzes Sobrino’s conceptualization of mercy as a development within the Catholic theological tradition. Drawing upon Thomas Aquinas’s influential account of mercy this article argues that Sobrino’s thought is consonant though not identical with earlier thought on mercy. Sobrino offers accounts of divine and human mercy that are faithful to the Catholic tradition and which productively push the tradition forward in response to both the biblical witness and contemporary challenges.
Theodicy and the Feminine Divine: Thomas Merton’s “Hagia Sophia” in Dialogue with Western Theology
Authors: Pramuk Christopher
Published: February 2016

This article looks to Wisdom-Sophia as a lyric name and memory of God who brings hope for human beings and for suffering creation. The irruption of the feminine divine into Thomas Merton’s consciousness is followed by a consideration of witnesses to the divine Presence emerging from Holocaust narratives and Jewish feminist post-Holocaust theology. Building from a poetic and narrative description of theological hope in a sophianic key, the article concludes with implications for spirituality, the theology of God, and discipleship: What would it mean to “live together with Wisdom” in the practices that shape our daily lives in the world and church?
Raising Expectations on Sin
Authors: Keenan James F.
Published: February 2016

Since Vatican II, moral theologians have revisted the topic sin time and again. After considering the treatment by the manualists of moral theology of sin, and especially sins in violation of the sixth and ninth commandments, this article proposes four strands of theological argument since the Second Vatican Council that lead to a more robust, pervasive, and social understanding of sin than previously held. As these strands of argument converge we see the possibility of a better appreciation of human capacity and freedom as well as a summons to love and solidarity.
Catholic Social Thought and Work Justice
Authors: Firer Hinze Christine
Published: February 2016

This article anticipates the 125th anniversary of the publication of Pope Leo XIII’s encyclical, Rerum novarum (May 15, 1891) by briefly surveying modern Catholic social teaching (CST) and recent, related scholarship in four areas, focusing on the US context: CST on political economy; work and worker justice; labor unions, with attention to recent controversy over unionization of adjunct instructors at some Catholic colleges and universities; and gender and justice issues surrounding political economy’s relationship with the paid and unpaid labor in the so-called “care economy.”
Low-velocity impact response of fiber-metal laminates consisting of different standard GLARE grades
Authors: Bikakis George SE , Karaiskos Evangelos , Sideridis Emilios P
Published: February 2016

This article deals with the dynamic response of thin circular clamped GLARE (GLAss REinforced) fiber-metal laminates subjected to low-velocity impact by a lateral hemispherical impactor, striking at the center with constant kinetic energy. The laminates have equal total thickness and consist of GLARE 2A-3/2-0.4, GLARE 2A-4/3-0.238, GLARE 3-3/2-0.4, GLARE 4-3/2-0.317, and GLARE 5-3/2-0.233 standard grades. Three different plate diameters are considered for each GLARE grade. Their dynamic response is predicted by solving previously published differential equations of motion corresponding to a spring-mass modeling of the impact phenomenon. The obtained results are analyzed and compared in order to understand and evaluate the performance of the examined material grades along with the effect of different plate radius. With reference to the radius variation, it is found that it affects substantially the overall impact behavior of a GLARE plate. As far as the examined material grades are concerned, similarities and differences related with their impact behavior are recorded and a comparative evaluation is implemented. Characteristic variables associated with the low-velocity impact response of fiber-metal laminates are discussed and pertinent design recommendations are proposed.
Convergence Of Corporate Governance And Business Ethics - Some Reflections
Authors: Mishra R.K. , Rani D. Geeta
Published: February 2016

Considering the events that had taken place in the corporate's across the world in the form of corporate scandals and the behavior's of the B-students of the Bschool students, it calls for immediate attention of the researchers, academicians and other societal players to focus on the concepts of Business ethics and convergence of Business Ethics with Corporate Governance. Hence, this paper attempts to throw some reflections on the issue of convergence of Business Ethics with the Corporate Governance.
An Empirical Evaluation of Factors Differentiating Governance Regulations Across Economies
Authors: Hemamalini T. , Madhumathi R.
Published: February 2016

Corporate governance has greater relevance especially in the wake of financial turmoil spillover effects to other countries across the economies. Specific governance characteristics such as board structure, board size, identification of board members and committees constituting governance board are differentiated across selected countries. This study examines four factors namely economic status, legal system, democratic status and culture. The regulatory requirement specified by each country in the sample is analyzed examining the similarities and differences identified. The research hypotheses were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis test. System of corporate governance is influenced with respect to compliance of legal system across countries. Number of committees present in the governance board differs with respect to the legal system and democratic status followed across countries. Regulatory compliance of financial expertise of directors and other specific criteria of audit committee members have been differentiated by factors such as economic status, legal system and democratic status.
Donor-Patient Relationship in Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Wiley Frances M. , Lindamood M. Muriel , Pfefferbaum-Levine Betty
Published: February 2016

Bone marrow transplantation is a relatively new and aggressive procedure used in the treatment of leukemia, aplastic anemia, and severe immunodeficient diseases. This paper addresses specifically the psychological impact of the procedure on the relationship between the donor and the recipient. The donor — patient relationship is viewed in the context of the family system, with particular emphasis on the sibling relationships. Cases are presented to demonstrate some salient aspects of the relationship: developmental tasks, sexual identity, twinship and family role alteration. Concern is expressed for potential long — term psychological sequelae in the patient, donor, and other family members.
Forging an ‘Asian’ media fusion: Singapore as a 21st century media hub
Authors: Lee Terence
Published: February 2016

The city-state of Singapore commemorated its 50th year of independence in 2015. In that 50-year period, Singapore defied the odds by forging itself into an important media and communication hub, one that services the Asian region by linking it to other global media centres. This article examines Singapore’s efforts to develop its media sector over the years from a historical (and) policy perspective. The article begins by explaining how early policy discourses were bifurcated along internal versus external lines, where the development of a national media system to mould a fledgling society was the internal mission, while externally, the vision was to promote Singapore to the rest of the world as a reliable port (where media and cultural goods can be safely and reliable transported to/through) and teleport (where messages and satellite signals can be exchanged via reliable telecommunications infrastructure and uplink–downlink facilities). It was not until the early 2000s, with the launch of Media 21 and the Creative Industries Development Strategy (both in 2002), that the external mission began to dominate. In 2009, the Singapore Media Fusion Plan (SMFP) declared that Singapore would become a ‘Trusted Global Capital for New Asia Media’. While articulating that a strong media sector engenders a better understanding of Singapore culture, the latest policy does little to promote local culture. Instead, the cultural footprint of Singapore has expanded to include not just Asia, but ‘new Asia’, defined very problematically in the report as ‘newly confident Asian countries’ (p. 26). This article unpacks the ‘Asian media fusion’ discourse and contends that the positioning of Singapore as a 21st century media hub is arguably the most overtly economic media and cultural policy that Singapore has yet produced. It is clear that the media sector is a little more than a cluster of economic activity, where the goal of the government and the agencies involved is to boost Singapore’s status as the best business city. The media hub policy rationales have thus been, for better or worse, coherent with the Singapore government’s broader economic ideologies over the past 50 years and look set to continue into the foreseeable future.
Exploring emotionality, and civic empowerment and engagement in online participation: A case study of community reporting website Homicide Watch DC
Authors: Barnes Renee
Published: February 2016

This article explores the emotional dimension of online audience participation in relation to crime reporting. Traditionally, crime reporting has been analysed in relation to how it is framed and the impact this has on audience perceptions of crime. However, drawing on a case study of community reporting website Homicide Watch DC, this article will explore the role of meaningful audience engagement in crime reporting and in particular the role of emotionality in this participation, specifically as a catalyst for civic empowerment and ultimately civic engagement.
Media self-regulation in the Pacific Islands: A survey of media professionals
Authors: Weber Ian , Johnson James
Published: February 2016

Common concerns exist across the Pacific Islands’ region over the quality of media reporting, absence of common media standards and enforcement mechanisms with regard to journalism ethics and implementation of increasingly tighter government regulations. This study surveyed working media professionals in the Pacific Islands on the feasibility of establishing a regional self-regulatory media system. It uses an internationally accepted analytical best practice framework and evaluative criteria for establishing media self-regulatory systems. A total of eight key findings, five recommendations and three implications for establishing a regional self-regulatory media system, were derived from the analysis of the survey data.
Eroding the assets of citizenship? From broadcast to broadband
Authors: Harvey Sylvia , Ala-Fossi Marko
Published: February 2016

The promise of convergence and the maturing internet appear to create arenas of communicative plenty but, instead of the end of spectrum scarcity, we are witnessing a new challenge of ‘coexistence’ and fierce competition over spectrum between the broadcasters and mobile telecom providers. Some European countries have already decided on further reductions in the broadcast spectrum, though the vast majority disagreed with the mobile industries’ proposal at the World Radiocommunication Conference in November 2015 that the entire ultra high frequency band should in future be shared by mobile broadband and broadcasting. This article explores the proposition that broadcasting requires adequate spectrum in order to deliver the information and cultural assets that are vital for citizenship, at a cost likely to remain significantly lower than comparable service delivered via subscription or broadband providers.
Telomerase gene therapy rescues telomere length, bone marrow aplasia, and survival in mice with aplastic anemia
Authors: Bär Christian , Povedano Juan Manuel , Serrano Rosa , Benitez-Buelga Carlos , Popkes Miriam , Formentini Ivan , Bobadilla Maria , Bosch Fatima , Blasco Maria A.
Published: February 2016

Key Points

Telomerase gene therapy in a mouse model of aplastic anemia targets the bone marrow and provides increased and stable telomerase expression. Telomerase expression leads to telomere elongation and subsequently to the reversal of aplastic anemia phenotypes.
Increased Gs Signaling in Osteoblasts Reduces Bone Marrow and Whole-Body Adiposity in Male Mice
Authors: Cain Corey J. , Valencia Joel T. , Ho Samantha , Jordan Kate , Mattingly Aaron , Morales Blanca M. , Hsiao Edward C.
Published: February 2016

Bone is increasingly recognized as an endocrine organ that can regulate systemic hormones and metabolism through secreted factors. Although bone loss and increased adiposity appear to be linked clinically, whether conditions of increased bone formation can also change systemic metabolism remains unclear. In this study, we examined how increased osteogenesis affects metabolism by using an engineered G protein-coupled receptor, Rs1, to activate Gs signaling in osteoblastic cells in ColI(2.3)+/Rs1+ transgenic mice. We previously showed that these mice have dramatically increased bone formation resembling fibrous dysplasia of the bone. We found that total body fat was significantly reduced starting at 3 weeks of age. Furthermore, ColI(2.3)+/Rs1+ mice showed reduced O2 consumption and respiratory quotient measures without effects on food intake and energy expenditure. The mice had significantly decreased serum triacylglycerides, leptin, and adiponectin. Resting glucose and insulin levels were unchanged; however, glucose and insulin tolerance tests revealed increased sensitivity to insulin. The mice showed resistance to fat accumulation from a high-fat diet. Furthermore, ColI(2.3)+/Rs1+ mouse bones had dramatically reduced mature adipocyte differentiation, increased Wingless/Int-1 (Wnt) signaling, and higher osteoblastic glucose utilization than controls. These findings suggest that osteoblasts can influence both local and peripheral adiposity in conditions of increased bone formation and suggest a role for osteoblasts in the regulation of whole-body adiposity and metabolic homeostasis.
Spontaneous and CRH-Induced Excitability and Calcium Signaling in Mice Corticotrophs Involves Sodium, Calcium, and Cation-Conducting Channels
Authors: Zemkova Hana , Tomić Melanija , Kucka Marek , Aguilera Greti , Stojilkovic Stanko S.
Published: February 2016

Transgenic mice expressing the tdimer2(12) form of Discosoma red fluorescent protein under control of the proopiomelanocortin gene's regulatory elements are a useful model for studying corticotrophs. Using these mice, we studied the ion channels and mechanisms controlling corticotroph excitability. Corticotrophs were either quiescent or electrically active, with a 22-mV difference in the resting membrane potential (RMP) between the 2 groups. In quiescent cells, CRH depolarized the membrane, leading to initial single spiking and sustained bursting; in active cells, CRH further facilitated or inhibited electrical activity and calcium spiking, depending on the initial activity pattern and CRH concentration. The stimulatory but not inhibitory action of CRH on electrical activity was mimicked by cAMP independently of the presence or absence of arachidonic acid. Removal of bath sodium silenced spiking and hyperpolarized the majority of cells; in contrast, the removal of bath calcium did not affect RMP but reduced CRH-induced depolarization, which abolished bursting electrical activity and decreased the spiking frequency but not the amplitude of single spikes. Corticotrophs with inhibited voltage-gated sodium channels fired calcium-dependent action potentials, whereas cells with inhibited L-type calcium channels fired sodium-dependent spikes; blockade of both channels abolished spiking without affecting the RMP. These results indicate that the background voltage-insensitive sodium conductance influences RMP, the CRH-depolarization current is driven by a cationic conductance, and the interplay between voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels plays a critical role in determining the status and pattern of electrical activity and calcium signaling.
Long-term Metformin Use and Vitamin B12 Deficiency in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study
Authors: Aroda Vanita R. , Edelstein Sharon L. , Goldberg Ronald B. , Knowler William C. , Marcovina Santica M. , Orchard Trevor J. , Bray George A. , Schade David S. , Temprosa Marinella G. , White Neil H. , Crandall Jill P. ,   the Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group
Published: February 2016

Context:

Vitamin B12 deficiency may occur with metformin treatment, but few studies have assessed risk with long-term use.

Objective:

To assess the risk of B12 deficiency with metformin use in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP)/DPP Outcomes Study (DPPOS).

Design:

Secondary analysis from the DPP/DPPOS. Participants were assigned to the placebo group (PLA) (n = 1082) or the metformin group (MET) (n = 1073) for 3.2 years; subjects in the metformin group received open-label metformin for an additional 9 years.

Setting:

Twenty-seven study centers in the United States.

Patients:

DPP eligibility criteria were: elevated fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, and overweight/obesity. The analytic population comprised participants with available stored samples. B12 levels were assessed at 5 years (n = 857, n = 858) and 13 years (n = 756, n = 764) in PLA and MET, respectively.

Interventions:

Metformin 850 mg twice daily vs placebo (DPP), and open-label metformin in the metformin group (DPPOS).

Main Outcome Measures:

B12 deficiency, anemia, and peripheral neuropathy.

Results:

Low B12 (≤ 203 pg/mL) occurred more often in MET than PLA at 5 years (4.3 vs 2.3%; P = .02) but not at 13 years (7.4 vs 5.4%; P = .12). Combined low and borderline-low B12 (≤ 298 pg/mL) was more common in MET at 5 years (19.1 vs 9.5%; P < .01) and 13 years (20.3 vs 15.6%; P = .02). Years of metformin use were associated with increased risk of B12 deficiency (odds ratio, B12 deficiency/year metformin use, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–1.20). Anemia prevalence was higher in MET, but did not differ by B12 status. Neuropathy prevalence was higher in MET with low B12 levels.

Conclusions:

Long-term use of metformin in DPPOS was associated with biochemical B12 deficiency and anemia. Routine testing of vitamin B12 levels in metformin-treated patients should be considered.
Nazi Ideology and Tacitus's Dangerous Book: Eugen Fehrle's Editions of theGermania
Authors: Winkler Martin M.
Published: February 2016

Tacitus's Germania has played an influential part in German cultural history since the sixteenth century, primarily in political ideology rather than in historical or classical scholarship. The twentieth-century editions of the work by the classicist and ethnologist (Volkskundler) Eugen Fehrle are particularly revealing as a case of ideological appropriation of Tacitus in Nazi Germany. Fehrle's first version (1929) presaged what was to come in the updated editions he published during the Third Reich (1935, 1939, 1944). A posthumous edition (1959) is instructive about the process of postwar whitewashing. This article examines Fehrle's ideological background and academic career and assesses the different editions. Their prefaces and illustrations are especially revealing. It also places the Germania in the context of related National Socialist publications, primarily Fehrle's own and those from his publisher. Rudolf Much's 1937 edition of the Germania provides a telling contrast to Fehrle's.
Fragile Matters: Literature and the Scene of Torture
Authors: Gil Isabel Capeloa
Published: February 2016

Literary communication faces challenges when addressing torture, an unmediated and untranslatable event that antagonizes representation. Given the radical difference between the act of reading torture and the experience thereof, the representation of the event is never mastered and never truly “works,” revealing literature's fragile dimension. Fragility not only addresses the vulnerability of bare human life but conveys the condition of literary and cultural studies, torn between ethical responsibility and the continuous threat to fail in the process. With a genealogical approach, the article proposes a fourfold typology of torture by looking at representative examples from Aeschylus's Prometheus to Franz Kafka's “In the Penal Colony” and Jean Améry's At the Mind's Limits. The article contends that the incommunicability of torture challenges not only the literary ethics of responsibility for the other but also its ethics and aesthetics of hospitality epitomized in the very structure of literary representation and its intent to create and accommodate (an)other. The fragile nature of the literary, and its precariousness, renders literature a strategic tool for a new humanism based on the recognition of vulnerability and on the reevaluation of affect.
Translating Catastrophes: Yoko Tawada's Poetic Responses to the 2011 Tōhoku Earthquake, the Tsunami, and Fukushima
Authors: Maurer Kathrin
Published: February 2016

Yoko Tawada's recent writings about the disasters in Japan of 2011 engage with the translatability of catastrophes. How can one translate disasters in ways that prevent “othering” and “isolating” them? How can one interpret disasters as products of cultural translation and knowledge exchange? Tawada's texts frame disasters as islands, as closed areas, which obstruct communication. As a result of translation and the islands' historical and geopolitical interconnections, Tawada's “disaster islands” remain, however, only partly isolated. They are constantly disturbed by outsiders' attempts to observe, to understand; by appeals for aid; and by the surrounding waters that link the island with the world. This article unfolds Tawada's poetic model for translating disasters and its epistemological dimensions in relation to futurity, theology, and geopolitics.
Pricing Variation Within Dual-Distribution Chains: The Different Implications of Externalities and Signaling for High- and Low-Quality Brands
Authors: Kalnins Arturs
Published: February 2016

Within many of the multioutlet branded chains that dominate the retail and services landscape, the organizational form (e.g., company management, franchising) used to manage an outlet varies from site to site, as do the prices charged at those sites. I propose that organizational form and prices may be systematically related as a result of brand externalities. In particular, I develop logic that the relevant form of externality should differ for upper quality tier brands and lower tier brands. Using panel data on price and organizational form from more than 6,700 branded U.S. hotels affiliated with 40 “dual-distribution” brands—those brands that simultaneously company manage and franchise individual outlets—I find that, consistent with the brand externality arguments, company-managed locations have higher prices within high-quality chains, whereas franchisees price higher in the lower tiers.

This paper was accepted by Bruno Cassiman, business strategy.
Extension of Traffic Flow Pattern Dynamic Classification by a Macroscopic Model Using Multivariate Clustering
Authors: Celikoglu Hilmi Berk , Silgu Mehmet Ali
Published: February 2016

In this paper, we evaluate the performance of a dynamic approach to classifying flow patterns reconstructed by a switching-mode macroscopic flow model considering a multivariate clustering method. To remove noise and tolerate a wide scatter of traffic data, filters are applied before the overall modeling process. Filtered data are dynamically and simultaneously input to the density estimation and traffic flow modeling processes. A modified cell transmission model simulates traffic flow to explicitly account for flow condition transitions considering wave propagations throughout a freeway test stretch. We use flow dynamics specific to each of the cells to determine the mode of prevailing traffic conditions. Flow dynamics are then reconstructed by neural methods. By using two methods in part, i.e., dynamic classification and nonhierarchical clustering, classification of flow patterns over the fundamental diagram is obtained by considering traffic density as a pattern indicator. The fundamental diagram of speed-flow is dynamically updated to specify the current corresponding flow pattern. The dynamic classification approach returned promising results in capturing sudden changes on test stretch flow patterns as well as performance compared to multivariate clustering. The dynamic methods applied here are open to use in practice within intelligent management strategies, including incident detection and control and variable speed management.
Kit to keep them dry
Authors: Hawdon Diana
Published: February 2016

‘There is no such thing as bad weather, just unsuitable clothing’, as the old saying goes, which is especially true in spring. Kathy Brodie considers the essential items – such as coats, wellington boots and gloves, along with resources that will help children to make the most of the outdoors– whatever the weather.
Why gender divide in toys means children lose out
Authors: Edwards Fay
Published: February 2016

Fay Edwards, of the campaign group Let Toys Be Toys, explains the thinking behind its concerted move to persuade retailers and publishers to remove gendered, stereotypical marketing of their toys and books.
One step at a time
Authors: Hampshire Vivien
Published: February 2016

Get the children on their feet with the following activities, which encourage them to move just one part of their body at a time, and help them learn the names of different body parts in the process.
Desafíos en la formación profesional vinculados a la economía popular, las políticas públicas y el desarrollo local. El rol de la universidad
Authors: Coraggio José Luis
Published: February 2016

Este trabajo destaca la existencia de un amplio sector de la economía ignorado por los registros y marcos conceptuales oficiales: la economía popular. A continuación se hace referencia al papel de las universidades y la organización fragmentada de las formaciones disciplinarias que corre en paralelo con la organización del Estado. Se plantean las limitaciones de esa estructuración del conocimiento y las especializaciones profesionales para encarar problemas complejos, como los que requieren hacer frente al proyecto de globalización capitalista y la doctrina neoliberal. En particular, se hace referencia a la necesaria redefinición de las políticas sociales y su relación con el desarrollo de una economía popular solidaria desde ámbitos locales. Se postulan algunos ejes de acción para superar esa problemática.
Las universidades públicas argentinas y la Economía Social y Solidaria. Hacia una educación democrática y emancipadora
Authors: Pastore Rodolfo
Published: February 2016

Desde una experiencia universitaria singular de la Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, el presente trabajo realiza un abordaje sobre las vinculaciones entrelas universidades públicas y la Economía Social y Solidaria (ESS). Luego de una breve presentación de nuestro enfoque en ESS, el trabajo hace un paneo de los avances alcanzados en las universidades de nuestro país en docencia, extensión e investigación en la temática, concluyendo con algunos desafíos para profundizar el camino ya recorrido hacia una educación democrática y emancipadora.
Los alcances de la Economía Social y Solidaria en el Norte y en el Sur
Authors: Casaccia Roberto
Published: February 2016

El objetivo del siguiente trabajo es describir las características de las concepciones de la Economía Social y Solidaria (ESS) en el Norte —Europa y Estados Unidos— y en el Sur —América Latina—. A partir de los actuales formatos desarrollados en el marco de un incipiente sector económico alternativo, respecto del público y del capitalista, se analizan las tipologías y el potencial instituyente de las nuevas prácticas para la conformación de un nuevo sector socioeconómico y su contribución a la construcción de una alternativa sistémica en cuanto al patrón dominante.
Desenvolvimento territorial e desigualdades socioespaciais: estratégias para superação das disparidades territoriais?
Authors: Pinto de Godoy Tatiane Marina
Published: February 2016

Las estrategias de consolidación de la economía solidaria contenidas en planes y proyectos de políticas públicas en Brasil han provocado un debate sobre la dimensión espacial. A partir de conceptos que integran la espacialidad con la noción de desarrollo, se propone una discusión de los términos de desarrollo local y el desarrollo territorial. Por lo tanto, el artículo formula una perspectiva de análisis, amparada en una revisión bibliográfica y en observaciones no sistematizadas. Se trata de un ensayo que surge de las preocupaciones teórico–conceptuales. De allí que la elección de términos para referenciar las estrategias espaciales de la economía solidaria sostengan proyectos diferenciados. Se parte de suponer que la teorización crítica del mundo, a partir del pensamiento marxista, tiene como una de sus dimensiones la praxis, es decir, la conciencia lógica de la posibilidad desde el presente. La idea que se busca desarrollar es que la diferencia entre los términos comporta proyectos distintos para la economía solidaria.
Cooperativas agrarias, una historia regional, relaciones de fuerza y representación de intereses. El Gran Chaco Argentino (1955–2000)
Authors: Bageneta José Martín
Published: February 2016

El artículo se deriva de la tesis presentada en la Maestría Oficial en Economía Social, Cooperativas y Entidades No Lucrativas de la Universidad de Valencia, España, en la cual se aborda una problematización sobre políticas públicas vinculadas a la seguridad social en el Paraguay y la inclusión de los socios de las Cooperativas Especializadas de Trabajo (CET). La pregunta de investigación es la siguiente: ¿es posible estructurar el sistema de seguridad social en Paraguay de manera que incluya a los socios trabajadores de las CET?, y para responderla se traza como objetivo proponer lineamientos básicos para un Seguro Social que incluyan a los socios trabajadores de las CET en el Paraguay sobre la base del modelo español. Con un nivel de investigación exploratorio, descriptivo, explicativo y propositivo, se ha logrado analizar la situación de las CET desde el punto de vista legal e institucional en el país y esbozar algunos lineamientos principales para una intercooperación de la Economía Social y Solidaria (ESS).
Desastre, memoria y economía solidaria. El caso de la ciudad de Santa Fe y sus inundaciones
Authors: Ullberg de Baez Susann
Published: February 2016

La inundación de 2003 que afectó la ciudad de Santa Fe tuvo profundas repercusiones en la comunidad urbana. En 2005, las personas afectadas todavía estaban tratando de reconstruir sus vidas, tanto materialmente como afectivamente. Los recuerdos de los momentos previos, simultáneos y posteriores a la inundación marcaron su vida diaria. Este artículo analiza de qué manera los recuerdos de la inundación estaban intrínsecamente impregnados en la vida cotidiana y posdesastre de los barriosen el oeste de la ciudad y en particular cómo se tejían estas memorias en las relaciones de la economía solidaria de los habitantes. El estudio se basa en trabajo de campo etnográfico en dicha ciudad entre los años 2005–2011.
El Comercio Justo como alternativa para la redefinición de los vínculos mercantiles a escala local
Authors: Cuatrín Esteban , Cardozo Lucas , Alfaro Eduardo
Published: February 2016

Desde las últimas décadas del siglo pasado, el Comercio Justo (CJ) se ha instaurado como un nuevo modo de recreación de las formas tradicionales de comercialización. Si bien el surgimiento de este movimiento estuvo orientado a reformular las relaciones comerciales Norte–Sur, recientemente se ha a abocado a encauzar relaciones Sur–Sur encastradas en distintos valores que materializan dichos principios en formas mercantiles novedosas. Con el desarrollo de la Economía Social y Solidaria (ESS), el CJ aparece como una herramienta para el desarrollo de estas iniciativas orientadas a la construcción de otra economía, en base a valores de solidaridad, cooperación e igualdad. De esta manera, en el artículo presentamos, a partir de algunas reflexiones teóricas e históricas sobre el desarrollo del CJ, una agenda de actividades para su promoción vinculada con una experiencia particular que se desarrolla en el proyecto de extensión que se lleva adelante en la Universidad Nacional del Litoral.