bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kundenbeziehungsmanagement in der Versicherungswirtschaft
Authors: Jost Theresa
Published: July 2022

Als „strategische Ausrichtung aller (kundenbezogenen) Unternehmensaktivitäten auf die individuellen Kundenbedürfnisse und -erwartungen“ stellt Kundenbeziehungsmanagement das Wohl und die Interessen des Kunden in den Mittelpunkt unternehmerischen Handelns. In der jüngeren Vergangenheit – forciert durch die Entwicklungen im Zuge der Digitalisierung – hat die kundenorientierte Ausgestaltung unternehmerischen Handelns erneut große Aufmerksamkeit erhalten. Sie zeigt sich als Voraussetzung für eine nachhaltige Positionierung sowie die langfristige Wettbewerbsfähigkeit in dynamischen Märkten.

Dieses Buch greift den Nutzen, der für den Kunde aus der Geschäftsbeziehung zu Versicherungsunternehmen resultiert, als Ausgangspunkt für ein modernes Kundenbeziehungsmanagement auf. Es werden drei Nutzen-Ebenen modelliert, die einerseits spezifische Besonderheiten der Assekuranz berücksichtigen, sowie andererseits aktuelle Entwicklungen im Rahmen der Digitalisierung einfließen lassen.

Aufgrund der Heterogenität der einzelnen Versicherungssparten und -zweige sind pauschale Ableitungen für die Versicherungsbranche nur schwer möglich. In Kombination mit der Erkenntnis, dass es im aktuellen Marktumfeld der Digitalisierung und der Entstehung von Ökosystemen einer umfassenden Problemlösung bedarf, die sich an der Lebensrealität des Kunden orientiert, werden die Lebenswelten „Mobilität“, „Wohnen“ und „Gesundheit“ betrachtet. Anhand eines modernen Kundenbeziehungsmanagement-Modells werden Ansatzpunkte für die Gestaltung der Kundenbeziehung identifiziert und Positionierungsansätze für Versicherungsunternehmen abgeleitet.

Das Buch richtet sich sowohl an Studenten der Versicherungswissenschaften als auch an interessierte Praktiker.
Der Begriff des Unfalls
Authors: Ingenerf Jan
Published: July 2022

Die Arbeit widmet sich dem Unfallbegriff und der umstrittenen Auslegung seiner Tatbestandsmerkmale. Unter vergleichender Würdigung verschiedener Unfalldefinitionen inner- und außerhalb des Versicherungsrechts setzt sich der Autor intensiv mit der Frage nach einem allgemeinen Unfallbegriff im Versicherungsrecht auseinander. Zugleich werden die Auswirkungen der Übernahme der Unfalldefinition aus den AUB in § 178 Abs. 2 S. 1 VVG im Rahmen der VVG-Reform 2008 untersucht. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, die mit der Auslegung des Unfallbegriffs zusammenhängenden Probleme und rechtlichen Herausforderungen darzustellen, kritisch zu würdigen und Lösungsmöglichkeiten aufzuzeigen.
Versicherungsaufsicht über IT und Cloud-Dienste
Authors: Dreher Meinrad , Wandt Manfred
Published: July 2022

Dieser Tagungsband gibt die Referate und Diskussionen der rechtswissenschaftlichen Fachtagung „Versicherungsaufsicht über IT und Cloud-Dienste – Solvency II in der Rechtsanwendung 2019“ wieder, die am 24. Juni 2019 in Frankfurt stattfand. Erörtert werden Rechtsfragen der Versicherungsaufsicht über IT und Cloud-Dienste aus der Sicht der BaFin und der Unternehmenspraxis, „kritische Infrastrukturen“ im Versicherungswesen und Governance-Fragen bei der Versicherungsaufsicht in Bezug auf IT-Sachverhalte. Die Diskussion der Referate ist ausführlich dokumentiert. Ein Paragraphenregister und ein Sachregister erleichtern die praktische Nutzung des Tagungsbandes als Informationsquelle.
Tarifvertragliche Gestaltung der betrieblichen Altersversorgung und die Erweiterung des Vorsorgespektrums durch das Betriebsrentenstärkungsgesetz
Authors: Masnitza Nils
Published: July 2022

Die betriebliche Altersversorgung gewinnt immer mehr an Bedeutung. Tarifverträge beeinflussen einen erheblichen Teil der Arbeitsverhältnisse in Deutschland. Doch welche Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten stehen den Tarifvertragsparteien im Bereich der betrieblichen Altersversorgung offen? Mit dieser Fragestellung setzt sich der Autor auseinander. Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt dabei auf den Auswirkungen des Betriebsrentenstärkungsgesetzes, welches mit der Einführung der reinen Beitragszusage und der Kodifizierung der Optionsmodelle auf Basis des Sozialpartnermodells neue Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten aufgetan hat.
Die Haftung in der unbemannten Schifffahrt
Authors: Herkenhoff Marie-Luise
Published: July 2022

Wie gestaltet sich die Haftung in der unbemannten Schifffahrt?

Die Autorin betrachtet zunächst Haftungsfragen des Reeders und des Verfrachters für ferngesteuerte sowie für autonome Schiffe. Da im Bereich der Autonomie mit Haftungslücken zu rechnen ist, wird der Forderung einer Gefährdungshaftung für den Reeder eines autonomen Schiffes nachgegangen. Hierbei begutachtet die Autorin verschiedene Gefährdungshaftungen im internationalen und nationalen Bereich und arbeitet gemeinsame Merkmale heraus, die für eine künftige Haftung des Reeders zu beachten sind. Außerdem werden zwei konkrete Normvorschläge für die Haftung des Reeders autonomer Schiffe erarbeitet.
Schwarzarbeitsabreden in gesamtschuldnerischen Haftungskonstellationen zwischen Baubeteiligten
Authors: Krause Alexander
Published: July 2022

Die gesamtschuldnerische Baumängelhaftung von Architekt und Bauunternehmer gilt als Standardhaftungsfall auf deutschen Baustellen. Besondere Bedeutung besitzt insoweit häufig der Innenausgleich, der zu scheitern droht, wenn einer der Gesamtschuldner vom Bauherrn vertraglich nicht in Anspruch genommen werden kann. Mit der Rechtsprechungsentwicklung zu den Auswirkungen sog. Schwarzarbeitsabreden liegt dieses Szenario – vor allem zulasten von Architekten bzw. deren Versicherer – nahe.

Die Arbeit geht im Kern der Frage nach, ob ein schwarzarbeitsbedingter Ausfall der gesamtschuldnerischen Regressmöglichkeit gesetzlichen Wertungen entspricht oder diese nicht doch für eine – bislang weder in der Rechtsprechung noch in der Literatur vertieft ausgearbeitete – Lösungskorrektur sprechen. Die Hauptthese geht dahin, dass die sog. Grundsätze zur gestörten Gesamtschuld – ungeachtet ihrer Umstrittenheit – zur Lösung der skizzierten Problematik dienlich sein können.

Nach einer methodisch sowie dogmatisch geprägten Grundlagenlegung, die neben der Frage nach der Berechtigung einer asymmetrischen Gesamtschuld die Frage nach der tatsächlichen Vereitelung desselben durch eine Schwarzarbeitsabrede umfasst, erfolgt eine kriterienorientierte Darstellung der Störungsgrundsätze unter Einschluss von Stellungnahmen des Verfassers zu den umstrittenen Punkten. Im Anschluss wird der Versuch unternommen, die für tragend befundenen Ansätze auf Schwarzarbeitsabreden in gesamtschuldnerischen Haftungskonstellationen zu übertragen. Dabei geht der Verfasser auch prinzipiellen Bedenken nach. Im abschließenden Kapitel wird schließlich eine konkrete Problemlösung unter Einbeziehung des aktuellen Forschungsstands entwickelt. In diesem Rahmen wird auch dargelegt, inwieweit die Unkenntnis der Parteien der Schwarzarbeitsabrede über deren Rechtsfolgen, die Kenntnis des Dritten von der Abrede oder gar seine Mitwirkung daran sowie eine ausbleibende Schwarzlohnzahlung die zutreffende Lösung beeinflussen.

Die Arbeit richtet sich sowohl an Wissenschaftler als auch an Praktiker wie Richter, Rechtsanwälte und für Haftpflichtversicherer tätige Juristen.
Rechtsfragen des Produktrückrufs aus versicherungsrechtlicher Perspektive
Authors: Huber Carolin
Published: July 2022

Eine Kombination aus wachsender Fehleranfälligkeit von Produkten, verbraucherfreundlicheren Rechtsnormen, verbesserten Marktüberwachungseinrichtungen, umfangreicheren Qualitätssicherungssystemen sowie dem immer aufgeklärteren Verbraucher selbst sorgt für eine nie dagewesene Anzahl von Produktrückrufen. Risikobewusste Zwischen- und Endhersteller und Händler setzen deshalb den Abschluss einer Rückrufkostenversicherung durch ihre Zulieferer für das Eingehen von Lieferbeziehungen voraus oder schließen selbst eine solche ab – Tendenz steigend.

Konträr zu diesem stetigen Anstieg an Rückrufen wird, unter Betonung des Vorrangs des Gewährleistungsrechts, der Ruf nach mehr Eigenverantwortung der Endverbraucher laut.

Diese Arbeit untersucht im Kontext jüngerer Entwicklungen in der Rückrufpraxis im In- und Ausland, ob eine solche Tendenz praktisch gefährlich sein könnte und auch rechtlich möglicherweise nicht vonnöten ist. Es werden – auch unter Berücksichtigung neuerer technischer Entwicklungen – die umfangreichen Gefahrabwendungspflichten des Herstellers aufgezeigt und herausgearbeitet, welche dieser Maßnahmen von den gängigen Rückrufkostenmodellen erfasst sind.
Preoperative Factors Associated with Intraoperative Maximum Arterial Pressures in Patients with Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
Authors: Ohsugi Haruyuki , Takizawa Nae , Kinoshita Hidefumi
Published: July 2022

Background: Surgery for pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) can lead to life-threatening complications, such as intraoperative hypertensive crises, even when adequate doses of preoperative α-receptor blockades are administered. Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify preoperative factors associated with intraoperative maximum arterial pressure (AP) in patients with PPGL. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the cases of 61 PPGL patients who underwent surgical resection in our hospital between 2006 and 2020. The primary outcome was intraoperative maximum AP as a single index for continuous variables. Simple and multiple linear regression model were used for statistical analysis. Results: The median maximum systolic AP during surgery was 165 mmHg (interquartile range: 150 - 180 mmHg). Log24-h urinary-fractionated metanephrine (MN) and normetanephrine (NMN) was correlated with intraoperative maximum AP (R-squared = 0.218, P < 0.001). Multiple regression analyses showed that diabetes mellitus, one or more of the classic triad, and log24-h urinary-fractionated MN and NMN were independent factors associated with intraoperative maximum AP. Conclusions: Patients with PPGL accompanied by diabetes mellitus, one or more of the classic triad, and high log 24-h urinary-fractionated MN and NMN values may be at risk for hypertensive crises during surgery regardless of whether preoperative α-receptor blockades are used. Clinicians should manage these patients more carefully and effectively.
Genotyping of ARNTL and CLOCK Circadian Rhythm Gene Polymorphisms in Iranian Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Abbasi Mohammad Saeed , Behrouzi Amirhossein , Moridnia Abbas
Published: July 2022

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system disease accompanied by variable symptoms such as optic neuritis, fatigue, spasticity, neuro-urological dysfunction, paresthesia, and headache. The frequency of MS was reported differently in geographical latitude, which may be in relation to genetic changes in circadian rhythm regulator genes, including aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like (ARNTL) and circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK). Objectives: This study aimed at genotyping rs3789327 in the ARNTL and rs6811520 in the CLOCK genes and their association with MS in the Iranian population. Methods: Totally, 100 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and 100 healthy controls were recruited. DNA extracted from the whole blood of all patients was genotyped by high-resolution melting (HRM) real-time PCR method for the rs3789327 and rs6811520 within the ARNTL and CLOCK genes, respectively, then the HRM results were confirmed by Sanger sequencing method. Results: Our results showed a statistically significant difference in genotype distributions in the CLOCK gene (rs6811520, P = 0.023) in MS and healthy controls, but in the ARNTL gene, there was no significant change in rs3789327 genotypic distribution between MS patients and healthy individuals (P = 0.2). The TC genotype of the rs6811520 was associated with a higher risk for MS [P = 0.006, OR = 4.164, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.43 - 12.09]. Conclusions: The present results suggested that genetic variations in the CLOCK gene are a risk factor for MS.
Acceptance
Authors: Gadini Vinícius ,   After Dinner Conversation
Published: July 2022

When should you try and change your fate, and when you should simply accept it? Is there useful peace in simply accepting your fate? In this work of fate-based ethics fiction, the narrator is walking down the street to the store when he sees a man neck deep in a muddy hole. He stops to try and help the man, but the man refuses, arguing the universe has put him in this hole, and it is not his place to go against the universe. The narrator tries to help the man out of the hole, but he fights back, refusing help. A lack of acceptance of your situation, the man argues, is what gives rise to strife and violence. He will be at peace and accepting of his situation. Slowly, the man’s head goes into the mud and he dies. The narrator walks on.
Reginald’s Party
Authors: Diston Clare ,   After Dinner Conversation
Published: July 2022

Do we need our emotions, even are most negative ones, to grow from an experience? Is offering someone money for something you know they can’t refuse a type of stealing? Is it wrongly voyeuristic to want to experience someone else’s emotions? In this work of Gatsby-like philosophical short story fiction, Reginald is a member of the aristocracy with a strange habit. He buys and bottles the emotions of commoners. In fact, the night the story takes place, he is hosting a “tasting” for his aristocratic friends. They will sample emotions like Joviality, Joy, Remembrance, and Contentment. However, plans change when one of the guests arrives late, already a bit drunk, with a woman as his guest. While she is lower class, she does not shy away from asking to taste the strongest vintages in the wine cellar. As the night wears on, a conflict breaks out as the woman insults and chastises Reginald for buying the emotions of commoners and preventing them from feeling and processing their emotions properly.
In The Beginning
Authors: Vasicek Joe ,   After Dinner Conversation
Published: July 2022

Would you rather live in complete happiness, or have knowledge of good and evil? In this allegorical work of philosophical short fiction, Adam lives in a biblical paradise. One day, a strange man in the garden, wearing a snake necklace, offers him a fruit from the tree of knowledge. He declines, saying “Father” has forbid him from eating it. Later, Eve comes to the garden as well. She is offered the same fruit and accepts. After eating the fruit she realizes she is in a stasis chamber on a space voyage that has gone wrong. She heads back into the computer-generated paradise to try and get Adam, the only other remaining member of the crew, out of stasis, by convincing him to eat the same apple she did.
Farewell, Odysseus
Authors: Willem J.G. ,   After Dinner Conversation
Published: July 2022

What are the long-term implications of haves and have-not to genetic medical advances? Should medical services that can be afforded by one, be freely made available to all? Do gatekeeping technologies make it progressively harder for the poor to change their status in the world? In this work of philosophical short fiction, the Dios are a group of super humans who, because of their wealth, have, over generations, made mental and physical enhancements to themselves. Those changes have compounded over time, making them a different, and superior, race. The only humans left on earth are those who didn’t start the enhancement process generations ago. Some, however, sometimes agree to go to live on Mars with the Dios as their pets. The narrator is one such person, that is, until he starts to ask too many questions.
A Preliminary, Single-Center Retrospective Chart Review of Infusion Times of Intravenous Immune Globulin in Kawasaki Disease and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Griffin Joseph P. , Powell Angela R. , Bhagat Palak H. , Bartlett Allison H. , Rotolo Shannon M.
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE

Patients diagnosed with Kawasaki disease (KD) are at a high risk of developing coronary artery aneurysms. Intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) given in combination with aspirin is the standard of treatment for the prevention of coronary aneurysm. IVIG is recommended to be administered as a dose of 2 g/kg infused during 10 to 12 hours for the prevention of coronary aneurysms in KD; however, this does not always occur in practice. We aimed to investigate if an infusion time of <10 hours is associated with more coronary artery aneurysms than the recommended infusion time of 10 to 12 hours.

METHODS

Patients with a diagnosis of and treated for KD with IVIG at the University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital were identified by drug use reports that included patients who received IVIG between September 2008 and August 2018. Data were collected though chart review and patients were divided into 2 groups based on duration of infusion (<10 hours and 10–12 hours). The primary outcome was the incidence of coronary artery aneurysm. The secondary outcome was the time to defervescence. The safety outcome was the development of renal dysfunction.

RESULTS

A total of 70 patients were screened and 44 were included in the analysis. Coronary aneurysm occurred in 2 of 33 patients (6.0%) in the <10-hour group and no patients in the 10- to 12-hour group (p = 0.558). The median time to defervescence was 0.5 hours in the <10-hour group and 0.95 hours in the 10- to 12-hour group (p = 0.166). The incidence of acute kidney injury was 6% (2 of 33 patients) in the 10-hour group and 9.1% (1 of 11 patients) in the 10- to 12-hour group (p = 0.588).

CONCLUSIONS

All incidences of coronary artery aneurysm occurred in the patients who received IVIG with an infusion time of <10 hours. The incidence of acute kidney injury was numerically higher in the 10- to 12-hour group. Based on the recommendations in the American Heart Association KD guideline, our internal hospital policy, and our results, we recommend the infusion of IVIG be administered at a rate of 10 to 12 hours.
Is Cannabis Legalization Eliciting Abusive Behaviors in Parents? A Case Report
Authors: Russo Marianna , Favretto Donata , Sartori Stefano , Facchin Paola , Rosa-Rizzotto Melissa
Published: July 2022

The interest in cannabis, cannabis-based compounds, and treatments is rapidly growing along with the legalization of marijuana in many countries and widespread use of cannabis derivatives in medical products. A growing body of literature is warning about possible unintentional intoxication in children because of unregulated and unsupervised use of cannabinoids by parents; to our knowledge, very rarely have parental self-prescription and self-administration to their children (affected by neurologic or other disorders or no disorders at all) been reported. We report a 4-year-old child, suffering from an anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis, who was found unpredictably positive for cannabis and other illicit substances after drug testing was performed in order to investigate the child's treatment-resistant behavioral disturbances. Toxicologic analyses were also extended to the child's parents, who finally disclosed that they had deliberately administered a cannabis-derived product (cannabidiol extract) as a home remedy for managing their child's behavior. Careless with regard to the possible adverse effects and certain that the product was legal, they presumed there was no need for them to inform the physicians in charge of treating the child of this practice.
Apropriações da literatura na pesquisa em educação musical: algumas questões
Authors: Nassif Silvia Cordeiro
Published: July 2022

Este texto, de natureza ensaística, discute a pesquisa em educação musical com foco em questões relativas às formas de apropriação da literatura especializada nos trabalhos. A partir de uma discussão inicial sobre a noção de teoria científica e seu valor acadêmico, discorre  também sobre a questão da coerência epistemológica como um dado importante para a confiabilidade da pesquisa. Problematizando o estatuto das diversas fontes bibliográficas mobilizadas em um trabalho investigativo, propõe um modo de organização desse material que permita que as diferentes funções dos diferentes textos usados fiquem explicitadas inclusive no modo de escrita. Sem nenhuma intenção de fornecer um modelo como o melhor, muito menos fechar a questão, acredita-se, porém, que uma preocupação com as questões aqui abordadas poderá qualificar as pesquisas e avaliações de pesquisas na área.
La historia escondida en el fondo personal de Pere Bosch i Gimpera
Authors:   Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Anglada Ramon , Boscaro Roberta
Published: July 2022

Cada fondo de archivo personal nos explica toda una serie de historias que van mucho más allá de la figura de su creador, su actividad profesional, el periodo histórico en el que esta se desarrolló o el impacto que tuvo en la sociedad de la que formaba parte. Y esto es lo que se quiere desgranar en las próximas líneas, las pequeñas historias escondidas detrás de este fondo de archivo de uno de los arqueólogos y prehistoriadores catalanes más destacados de inicios del siglo XX.
Molluscan assemblages in sediments of a landslide on Majerz Hill near Niedzica (Inner Carpathians, Southern Poland) – phases of development and environmental changes
Authors: Alexandrowicz Witold Paweł
Published: July 2022

A detailed malacological analysis was made of sediments associated with a small landslide which had developed on the north-eastern slope of Majerz Hill near Niedzica (Inner Carpathians, Southern Poland). The age of the development and environmental changes associated with particular phases of the landslide was determined by means of radiocarbon dating. The analyses made it possible to distinguish two periods of landslide activation falling on the turn of the Early/Middle Holocene and on the Late Holocene (probably on the Iron Age Cold Period). These phases are closely related to periods of increased mass movements, both of landslides and debris flows in other European mountains, stages of glacial advance in the Alps, periods of increased fluvial activity in rivers and elevated water levels in European lakes. The molluscan assemblages also enabled the reconstruction of environmental conditions before the landslide formation, during periods of dormancy, and after the end of its activity.
Geological and environmental implications of the utilisation of geothermal energy in the Lahendong working area, Indonesia
Authors: Mukti Mentari , Tomaszewska Barbara , Starczewska Magdalena , Ningrum Eva Oktavia
Published: July 2022

This study presents the characteristics of the Lahendong geothermal working area (GWA) in terms of the geological, geophysical, geochemical, and environmental implications. The investigated area is located in the Sulawesi North Arm, where the volcanic arc extends from Sangihe Island to Minahasa with two major strike-slip faults. NE–SW (northeast-southwest) trending faults control the thermal surface manifestation. The geothermal field is grouped into two hydrochemical systems: acid-sulphate-chloride (acid reservoir) and chloride (closer to neutral) types. The environmental implication analysis shows that the North Sulawesi province is experiencing water shortages due to excessive mining activities, inadequate wastewater management, and periods of drought. Although geothermal wastewater is being re-injected, the possibility of water contamination by hazardous materials from geothermal power plant activity is still evident. This study reviews the actual geothermal utilisation in the form of the 120 MWe power plant, the 500 kWe binary power plant, while the heat from geothermal energy is used for palm sugar production. Furthermore, the article also analyses the potential of the rational use of geothermal resources in this area. As a result of the high salinity and silica concentration of the brine, the geothermal wastewater should be treated before further utilisation and it potentially benefits both local communities and geothermal companies.
The transcription factor RUNX2 drives the generation of human NK cells and promotes tissue residency
Authors: Wahlen Sigrid , Matthijssens Filip , Van Loocke Wouter , Taveirne Sylvie , Kiekens Laura , Persyn Eva , Van Ammel Els , De Vos Zenzi , De Munter Stijn , Matthys Patrick , Van Nieuwerburgh Filip , Taghon Tom , Vandekerckhove Bart , Van Vlierberghe Pieter , Leclercq Georges
Published: July 2022

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that eliminate virus-infected and cancer cells by cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion. In addition to circulating NK cells, distinct tissue-resident NK subsets have been identified in various organs. Although transcription factors regulating NK cell development and function have been extensively studied in mice, the role of RUNX2 in these processes has not been investigated, neither in mice nor in human. Here, by manipulating RUNX2 expression with either knockdown or overexpression in human haematopoietic stem cell-based NK cell differentiation cultures, combined with transcriptomic and ChIP-sequencing analyses, we established that RUNX2 drives the generation of NK cells, possibly through induction of IL-2Rβ expression in NK progenitor cells. Importantly, RUNX2 promotes tissue residency in human NK cells. Our findings have the potential to improve existing NK cell-based cancer therapies and can impact research fields beyond NK cell biology, since tissue-resident subsets have also been described in other lymphocyte subpopulations.
Methodological strategies for using stimulated recall in interpreting research
Authors:   Departamento de Traducción e Interpretación, Instituto de Literatura y Ciencias del Lenguaje, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Díaz Stephanie
Published: July 2022

There is a recognized need in translation and interpreting studies to address the challenges and limitations of using retrospective techniques (verbal reports, retrospective reports, cued reports) in studies researching the cognitive processes involved in translation and interpreting tasks (Hild, 2015; Jääskeläinen, 2017; Saldanha & O’Brien, 2014). This article contributes to the discipline by providing methodological guidance to applying a retrospective technique, stimulated recall, used to access the conscious cognitive processes in interpreting process research. We present a brief review of studies that have used this technique in cognitive studies of the interpreting process and expertise. We then propose recommendations to guide researchers in making methodological decisions regarding the study design, data collection, and protocol data preparation for analysis. We hope to promote the validity of data collected through this technique, as reliability is crucial to increase the reproducibility and generalizability of the studies in this field to advance knowledge in our discipline.
Actualidad internacional en los programas de Traducción e Interpretación en Chile: escenario actual y desafíos curriculares pospandemia
Authors:   Departamento de Lingüística y Literatura, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Basaure Rosa , Ahumada Mónica ,   Departamento de Lingüística y Literatura, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH)
Published: July 2022

Debido a la crisis global dada la pandemia de COVID-19, la formación en traducción e interpretación se enfrenta a un futuro incierto, haciendo necesario reforzar la idea de una disciplina inmersa en un mundo interconectado y sensible a las problemáticas del contexto internacional. Bajo esta premisa, el artículo explora la relación entre formación traductora y contexto internacional, y propone mecanismos que actualicen el enfoque educativo frente al escenario pospandémico en el que se desarrollarán laboralmente los futuros profesionales. Metodológicamente, el artículo analiza la importancia del conocimiento temático de relaciones internacionales dentro de la formación de la competencia traductora, así como la experiencia concreta de las instituciones chilenas hasta la pandemia. Posteriormente, el trabajo sostiene la reformulación del currículum respecto de la enseñanza de esta área considerando el nuevo escenario nacional e internacional en el que se desenvolverá la práctica traductora pospandemia, y plantea una propuesta pedagógica que incorpora contenidos de temática internacional relativos a teoría, conceptos y escenarios internacionales, tomando en cuenta también el uso de tecnología y dadas las posibilidades actuales. Dicha propuesta curricular incluye por primera vez el contexto de la pandemia en una investigación relativa a la traducción y la interpretación en Chile. El trabajo concluye manifestando la necesidad de potenciar el desarrollo de instancias de este tipo mediante procesos de educación virtualizada, reforzando esta área de la competencia traductora para un escenario global cambiante, a partir del trabajo colaborativo entre los programas formadores de traductores e intérpretes a nivel nacional e internacional.
Efficacy of Oxygen Delivered through High Flow Nasal Cannula versus Non Rebreathing Mask in Infants with Mild and Moderate Bronchiolitis: An Open-labelled Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Selvaraj Stalin , Muthu Saranya , Chandramouli Harshitha , Periyasamy Balamurugan
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Bronchiolitis accounts for substantial portion of infant and paediatric hospital admissions worldwide. High flow nasal cannula is a relatively new, safe, comfortable and well tolerated mode of oxygen delivery for infants and children presenting with respiratory distress in emergency units and general wards. Aim: To compare the efficacy of oxygen delivered through high flow nasal cannula with non rebreathing mask in infants with mild and moderate bronchiolitis. Materials and Methods: This open-labelled randomised controlled trial was conducted among 80 infants under 12 months of age admitted with mild and moderate bronchiolitis in the well-equipped Paediatric Wards of Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, from January 2017 to August 2018. Eligible recruited infants were randomised into two groups. First group receiving oxygen through Non Rebreathing Mask (NRM group) and second group receiving oxygen through High Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC group). All the participants were followed-up with clinical examinations and investigations and outcomes were noted. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, Chi-square test and student's t-test used, p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: There was a significant reduction in duration of oxygen required in the HFNC group (mean duration in hours: 13.98±6.612) when compared to NRM group (mean duration in hours: 26.70±4.81). The mean length of hospital stay was lesser in HFNC group (3.65±1.460 days) when compared to NRM group (5.35±1.657 days). Comparison of heart rate between the two groups showed a statistically significant decrease in mean heart rate (144.0±7.2) as early as 2 hours (p-value 0.010) after initiation of HFNC when compared to NRM group (148.1±6.5). respiratory rate was significantly reduced when compared from 2 hours (p-value<0.001) of initiation of intervention, with HFNC group showing higher percentage of reduction in respiratory rate than NRM group. Mean SpO2 levels were higher in HFNC group when compared to NRM group at various time intervals, though not significant statistically. Conclusion: High flow nasal cannula, under monitoring, could safely be used in paediatric wards in infants and children with mild and moderate bronchiolitis.
ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF TURNING PARAMETERS OF CUZN39PB3 AND AW 6060 MATERIALS ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS
Authors: Tomczewski Leszek , Muszyńska-Pałys Jagoda
Published: July 2022

The article presents an analysis of the turning parameters of two non-ferrous materials. The tested materials were: brass CuZn39Pb3 and aluminum alloy AW 6060. A Kyocera turning knife and a WNMG 080404 AH plate were used to make the samples. Three parameters were tested: rotational speed, feed and depth of cut at three levels of variability. The roughness parameters Ra and Rz were selected for the analysis. On the basis of the obtained results, it was shown that the feed used during machining has the greatest influence on roughness, while the change of depth or cutting speed does not cause significant differences in roughness.
TEST SYSTEM TO VERIFY THERMAL SHOCK RESISTANCE
Authors: Samborski Tomasz , Zbrowski Andrzej , Kozioł Stanisław
Published: July 2022

The article presents the method and the prototype system to verify the resistance of technological objects to environmental impacts in the form of increased or decreased temperatures or sudden temperature changes (i.e. thermal shocks), developed in accordance with the following PN-EN 60068 standard requirements as regards environmental testing: PN-EN 60068-2-1:2009 – Test A: Cold [7]; PN-EN 60068- 2-2:2009 – Test B: Dry heat [8]; and PN-EN 60068-2-14:2009 – Test N: Change of temperature [9]. The developed solution is also aligned with the testing procedure requirements applicable to military equipment tests [12]. The system is mainly designed for testing prototype technological devices subject to significant changes in the temperature of the environment in which they operate, including thermal shocks; it also enables periodic quality checks of manufactured goods [1, 2]. With the developed system the following may be tested: the operation of individual mechanisms; the shape stability and resistance [10]; the resistance to damage; as well as the operability of electronic systems [3]. The flexible method of programming tests used in the system enables the performance of both normative and non-standard tests, depending on the requirements of the research to be carried out. The article describes the system design process, its architecture, structure, and operation, as well as the prototype verification test results. The validated prototype test system was incorporated into the structure of the laboratory for the identification and verification of technical safety of industrial and special-purpose applications under environmental conditions established at the Łukasiewicz Research Network – Institute for Sustainable Technologies (Łukasiewicz–ITEE).
THE INFLUENCE OF SHOT PEENING ON THE STRESS STATE IN THE ADHESIVE LAYER AND THE LOAD CAPACITY OF ADHESIVE JOINTS
Authors: Zielecki Władysław , Godzimirski Jan , Ozga Ewelina
Published: July 2022

The aim of the article was to determine the influence of shot peening of the outer surface of the overlap on the stress state in the adhesive layer and the load capacity of single lap adhesive joints made of EN AW-2024-T3 aluminum alloy. Experimental investigations and numerical simulations were carried out. According to the results of experimental analyses, shot peening with balls with a diameter of 1 mm for 120 s with a compressed air pressure of 0.5 MPa increased the load capacity of the adhesive joints by 33%. Numerical simulations have shown that shot peening, by deforming the joined elements, reduces the stress perpendicular to the surface of the adhesive layer which results in a reduction of equivalent (von Misses) stress and an increase in strength of adhesive joints.
THE FRAMEWORK FOR THE SUPPLIER QUALIFICATION SYSTEM FOR THE WORLD LEADER HOME APPLIANCES INDUSTRY
Authors: Graczyk-Tarasiuk Joanna , Karyono Kanisius
Published: July 2022

The aim of this study is to analyze and evaluate the supplier qualification system used in production plants of the world leader in the household appliances industry and to present proposals for improvement actions. The concern uses the "20 Steps Procedure", which is a set of guidelines for each stage of qualifying suppliers of components for production processes. It systematizes individual activities and sets the powers and responsibilities of the departments involved in various phases of the qualification process. This article describes its three phases. An important element of the procedure is a detailed supplier auditing system. It is necessary to be sure that a supplier has an effective management system and controls its production processes, and that the manufactured elements meet all the concern's requirements. The presented system of supplier evaluation and qualification seems to indicate a rather cautious approach of the concern to the admission of new suppliers of components or semi-finished products. Criteria used in this area are very critical, but formulated in a very clear and transparent manner, understandable both for the company's auditors and for current and future suppliers.
Genetic Variability and Character Association Study for Yield and Attributing Traits in Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus.) under Terai Agro-climatic Conditions of West Bengal
Authors: Roy Anjan , Sarkar Arup , Roy Suvendu Kumar , Debnath Manoj Kanti
Published: July 2022

Aims: To evaluate the genotypes for different yields and yield attributing morphological traits by estimation of GCV, PCV, heritability (h2) in a broad sense and genetic advance as percent of the mean. To study the character association between yield and yield attributes and further partitioning into their direct and indirect effect on yield for consideration of appropriate traits to facilitate the selection of desirable genotypes.

Place and duration of Study: Lentil genotypes were evaluated in the instructional farm of Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal during the rabi season of 2019-2020 and 2020-2021.

Methodology: Forty lentil genotypes including two checks viz., WBL77 and IPL220 were evaluated in alpha lattice design with three replications following the standard cultural practices. The observations were recorded as the average of the same in five randomly sampled plants in each plot for all the eleven attributes studied. Statistical analysis was carried out using the R v. 4.1.1 software.

Results: ANOVA revealed significant variation for all the characters among the genotypes and also for genotype vs. year interaction. Characters such as plant height (96.20%1, 26.32%2), secondary branches plant-1 (91.79%1, 28.59%2), number of pods plant-1 (97.98%1, 89.67%2), pod weight plant-1(g) (96.82%1, 90.15%2), 100 seed weight (g) (98.13%1, 40.92%2), yield plant-1(g) (96.68%1, 91.20%2)and harvest index (%) (94.28%1, 33.06%2) showed high heritability (1) coupled with high genetic advance as percentage of mean(2). Genotypic correlation study revealed that number of pods plant-1 (0.846), primary branches plant-1 (0.905), secondary branches plant-1 (0.416), pod weight plant-1(0.992) and harvest index (0.432) were significantly and positively correlated with yield plant-1. Path coefficient studies revealed that characters like pod weight plant-1(0.699), primary branches plant-1 (0.241), harvest index (0.083), number of pods plant-1 (0.070), 100 seed weight (0.063) and days to 90% maturity (0.047) had positive direct effect on yield.

Conclusion: The present study revealed significant variability among the genotypes as far as the characters taken under study were concerned. Further, the characters showing positive  and significant correlation could be considered favorably for a further selection of desirable genotypes.
Hydrogenosome autophagy: An ultrastructural and cytochemical study
Authors: Benchimol Mariene
Published: July 2002

The process of autophagy was studied in Tritrichomonas foetus under serum deprivation, drug treatment (hydroxyurea, zinc sulfate), and also in normal conditions using routine electron microscopy, freeze‐fracture, freeze‐substitution, and enzyme cytochemistry. We also used gold particles conjugated with bovine albumin to better characterize the participation of lysosomes in the process of hydrogenosome degradation. Apparently normal hydrogenosomes and also giant, abnormal hydrogenosomes presenting internal membranes were seen in the autophagic process. The first event observed was the rough endoplasmic reticulum surrounding and enclosing the hydrogenosome, forming an isolation membrane. The hydrogenosomes were first sequestered from the remaining cytoplasm and then degraded within lysosomes. The autophagic vacuoles were limited by double or multiple concentric membranes and many contained recognizable hydrogenosomes, probably in the preliminary steps of degradation. Lysosomes seemed to fuse with autophagic vacuoles forming a degradative structure bound by a single membrane and containing hydrogenosomes in various stages of degeneration. Hydrogenosomes appeared partially degraded, forming hydrogenosomal remnants. It was observed that there is a removal of hydrogenosomes in normal cells and in cases of cell toxicity.
Expression of insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) and IGF‐II in the avian brain: relationship of in situ hybridization patterns with IGF type 1 receptor expression
Authors: Holzenberger Martin , Lapointe Françoise
Published: July 2002

Insulin‐like growth factors (IGFs) are expressed in defined spatiotemporal patterns during the development of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Since IGF expression in avian species is less well documented, we studied here the expression of IGF‐I and IGF‐II during chicken CNS development, using in situ hybridization and reverse transcriptase‐PCR, and compared the results with the expression of the IGF type 1 receptor (IGF‐1R). IGF‐II expression started early in embryonic life, shortly after the onset of IGF‐1R expression. During organogenesis, IGF‐II was strongly expressed in kidney, liver and gut primordia, in contrast with IGF‐1R mRNA, which is highly enriched in proliferating neuroepithelia. During the second half of embryonic development, IGF‐I and IGF‐II had distinct expression patterns, suggesting specific roles for each ligand during brain maturation. IGF‐II mRNA was found in numerous brainstem nuclei and in the optic tectum, whereas IGF‐I mRNA was found predominantly in telencephalic regions. Both ligands were expressed in the cerebellum, but each by different cell layers. Some brain regions (olfactory bulb and olivo‐cerebellar system) did not exhibit the postnatal downregulation typical of extrahepatic IGF‐I expression, but continued to express IGF‐I into adulthood. Purkinje cells expressed IGF‐II in the embryo, but switched to IGF‐I expression in the adult. The conservation of embryonic and postnatal IGF expression patterns in the CNS between avians and mammals suggests that the involvement of the IGF system in neurogenesis and differentiation, and possibly in neural plasticity and learning, may have arisen early during tetrapode/vertebrate evolution.
Hyperosmotic Stress and Elevated pCO2 Alter Monoclonal Antibody Charge Distribution and Monosaccharide Content
Authors: Schmelzer Albert E. , Miller William M.
Published: July 2002

Medium osmolality increases with pCO2 at constant pH. Elevated pCO2 and osmolality inhibit hybridoma growth to similar extents in both serum‐containing and serum‐free media. The combination of osmolality and elevated pCO2 synergizes to negatively impact cell growth. IgG2a glycosylation by hybridoma cells was evaluated under elevated pCO2 (to 250 mmHg pCO2) and/or osmolality (to 476 mOsm/kg). IgG2a site occupancy did not change significantly under any of the conditions studied, which is consistent with the robust glycosylation of other antibodies produced under various environmental stresses. However, changes were observed in the IgG2a charge distribution. Changes in the isoelectric point (pI) were greater under hyperosmotic stress, increasing by 0.32 and 0.41 pH units at 435 mOsm/kg in serum‐containing and serum‐free medium, respectively. Hyperosmotic stress also resulted in a concomitant increase in the heterogeneity of the charge distribution. The mean pI in serum‐containing medium decreased by 0.16 pH units at 250 mmHg pCO2 when osmolality was controlled at 320 mOsm/kg but increased by 0.20 pH units when the osmolality increased with pCO2 (195 mmHg pCO2–435 mOsm/kg). In serum‐free medium, elevated pCO2 did not alter pI, regardless of medium osmolality. In contrast to elevated osmolality at control pCO2, elevated pCO2 did not significantly alter the IgG2a charge heterogeneity under any of the conditions studied. The IgG2a was not sialylated, so sialylation changes were not responsible for changes in the charge distribution. IgG2a galactose content decreased with elevated osmolality, as a result of either elevated NaHCO3 or NaCl. However, when osmolality was controlled at elevated pCO2, the galactose content tended to increase. The mannose content decreased with increasing stress, while the fucose content remained relatively unchanged. It is likely that the observed increases in the pI of murine IgG2a were due to increased organellar pH, which is reflected by increased specific β‐galactosidase activity in the supernatant.
Wipe test for the detection of indoor allergens
Authors: Polzius R. , Wuske T. , Mahn J.
Published: July 2002

Background: The determination of house dust mite and cat allergens is a prerequisite for qualified assessment of exposure risk indoors. We describe the validation of integrated wipe tests comprising a porous sampling pin for the collection of settled house dust and an immunochemical test set‐up for specific analysis of dust associated allergens.

Methods: Wipe tests comprised an immunochromatographic test system and a porous sampling pin for collecting dust by manually wiping a surface. Two different wipe tests were developed with specificity to cat allergen (Fel d 1) and to dust mite allergen (Der p 2/f 2). One‐hundred and fifty on‐site determinations for each of the allergens in 50 different households completed the field study to validate the analytical system. Reference analysis was based on collection of dust with a vacuum cleaner and analysis of dust associated allergens by ELISA.

Results: The wipe tests were found to produce semiquantitative results (class 0–3) on‐site within 10 min of analysis time. For dust mite (cat) allergen the median of class 0–3 was 119 (263), 812 (844), 2708 (5670) and 8000 (56 800) ng/g dust, respectively. With respect to cut‐off levels for dust mite (cat) allergens the clinical sensitivity was 62% (79%) and the clinical specificity was 94% (92%).

Conclusions: The wipe tests proved to be a reliable tool for indoor allergen exposure screening, suitable for use even by untrained persons. This may have an impact on compliance with allergen avoidance measures.
Vitamin and mineral supplementation
Authors: Arens Ursula
Published: July 2002

It is the position of The British Dietetic Association that a good quality balanced diet will meet most people's nutritional needs. When people choose to take vitamin/mineral supplements they are advised to select a product formulated in line with dietary reference values to prevent the risk of overdosing, which can occur when high single doses or many supplements are taken.

Vitamin and mineral supplements may be recommended for at‐risk groups and in particular circumstances, provided that benefits have been clearly established through scientific evidence. The use of supplements for very specific medical conditions and in situations of acute illness requires medical supervision.

State Registered Dietitians (SRDs) have the expertise to provide appropriate advice, support and motivation in this area.