bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ARE WE TAKING PHYSICAL EVIDENCE SERIOUSLY? The SAPS Criminal Record and Forensic Science Service
Authors: Omar Bilkis
Published: April 2016

Much criticism relating to delays in processing DNA and DNA backlogs has been levelled at the police’s forensic science laboratory in recent years. It is, however, encouraging that South African Police Service statistics show that while backlogs were substantial from 2004 to 2006, the situation has since improved. Despite this, the Criminal Record and Forensic Science Service (CRFSS) in the SAPS still faces several challenges, notably the high cost of training, low salaries, high staff turnover in the CRFSS and problems relating to evidence collection at crime scenes.
THE SCORPIONS LOSE THEIR STING: Challenges to incorporation of the DSO into the SAPS
Authors: Minnaar Anthony
Published: April 2016

While it would appear that the motivations to incorporate the Directorate of Special Operations (DSO) or Scorpions into a new South African Police Service directorate are largely politically driven, there are a number of practical obstacles standing in the way of a ‘smooth’ incorporation. Foremost among these is the manner of operations of the Scorpions, the way that they investigate certain crimes by means of prosecution-led teams, and their more effective use of intelligence-driven crime information. This is diametrically opposed to the SAPS investigation modus operandi, which is largely reactive. Furthermore, many of the Scorpions investigators, representing as they do a vast pool of built up experience and expertise, do not want to serve in the SAPS under the latter’s investigating regime. Other sticking points would be the fact that they are paid infinitely better than SAPS detectives, are better funded and resourced, have a far lighter case load (and one shared in a team) – all in direct contrast to members of the SAPS.
The struggle continues: The fight against corruption in prisons
Authors: Muntingh Lukas
Published: April 2016

Following a briefing by the Special Investigating Unit (SIU) to the Portfolio Committee on Correctional Services regarding its investigations into corruption, fraud and maladministration in the Department of Correctional Services (DCS), this was one journalist's response: 'Members of parliament were stunned by a report on the endemic nature of corruption in the Department of Correctional Services, detailing cases of tender rigging, medical aid fraud and petrol card abuse' (De Lange 2008). The report to Parliament raises a number of questions: Is this department irredeemably beyond salvation? What still needs to be done and what is being done to prevent and combat corruption? Are there any successes? These questions are explored in this article.
To measure and what to measure: Towards assessing the impact of social crime prevention projects
Authors: Gould Chandré
Published: April 2016

The idea that it is necessary to address crime through social development is gaining currency in South Africa. Indeed, in the face of high crime rates that seem not to respond significantly to increases in the number of policemen and women, and in the face of seemingly intractable problems in the criminal justice system, there is a need to determine and address the social causes of crime. In order to convince government, funding institutions and the public that social interventions offer a long-term solution it is necessary to be able to measure their impact. This article describes a social development initiative aimed at preventing and reducing crime in a rural area in the Western Cape. It argues that while it is possible to identify indicators of success, measuring the impact of these kinds of interventions cannot be achieved in the short term. Also, while monitoring and evaluation are important, a balance must be found between allocating resources to core activities, and to monitoring and evaluation.
The ‘shoot to kill’ approach: Inflammatory rhetoric no solution to crime
Authors: Mashele Prince
Published: April 2016

As the countdown to the 2009 general election continues, the need to dig deeper for the real meanings of statements made by politicians on a range of issues affecting our nation is becoming increasingly urgent. But why bother about statements made in the often euphoric rhetoric of political campaigns? They are important because the utterances give us a preview of the thinking of those likely to become our president, ministers or local government leaders.
A call for comparative thinking: Crime, citizenship and security in the global South
Authors: Barolsky Vanessa , Pillay Suren
Published: April 2016

This article argues for the importance of an international comparative perspective in terms of our analysis and response to violent crime. This is particularly important in the light of the fact that while an increasing number of countries in the global Southhave achieved formal democracy, they continue to be plagued by high levels of violent crime. In fact, transitions from authoritarian to democratic governance around the world, from Eastern Europe to Latin America and Africa, have been accompanied by escalating violent crime rates. In this context, we have much to learn from an international comparative approach in terms of understanding why democratic transitions are so often accompanied by increases in violence, what the impact of this violence is on the ability of these societies to deepen democracy, and what the most appropriate interventions are in relatively new and often resource poor democracies.
Race, class and violent crime in South Africa: Dispelling the ‘Huntley thesis’
Authors: Silber Gavin , Geffen Nathan
Published: April 2016

Brandon Huntley was granted asylum in Canada earlier this year based on the argument that whites are disproportionately affected by crime in South Africa. The decision was generally condemned, but it did receive support from various groups and individuals including Afriforum, the Freedom Front and James Myburgh (editor of Politicsweb). In this article we show the flaws in Huntley's argument by presenting evidence from several sources that demonstrate that black and poor people are disproportionately the victims of violent crime in South Africa. We are concerned that painting whites as the primary victims of South Africa's social ills is unproductive, ungenerous and potentially hampers the appropriate distribution of resources to alleviate crime. Furthermore, in order to move the debate on crime in South Africa into a more productive direction, we also describe the Social Justice Coalition (SJC) – a relatively new community based organisation that aims to mobilise communities around improving safety and security for all in South Africa, regardless of race or income. Campaigning for novel pragmatic and coordinated community and government responses to the broader lack of safety and security in the country, the SJC focuses on the introduction and development of basic infrastructure and services as a means of reducing crime.
Winning public trust: Towards a wider agenda for judicial transformation
Authors: Friedman Steven
Published: April 2016

The need for transformation of the judiciary in South Africa has been the subject of much public discussion and debate, both in the media and among legal professionals. This article argues that the key test of judicial transformation is not whether it meets some abstract standard established by students of the law, but whether judges and courts enjoy widespread legitimacy in society. It will suggest that this approach can explain why we need a more racially and gender representative judiciary if our justice system is to operate effectively – but will also argue that a concern for racial and gender change alone will not secure the public trust in the courts and the judiciary that transformation should seek to achieve. A broader reform agenda, which understands the intrinsic link between an improved judicial system and winning broad public support for a more representative judiciary, is thus needed.
Of Nigerians, albinos, satanists and anecdotes: A critical review of the HSRC report on human trafficking
Authors: Gould Chandré , Richter Marlise , Palmery Ingrid
Published: April 2016

The deluge of news articles about human trafficking in South Africa, and the media preoccupation with trafficking in the run-up to the 2010 FIFA World Cup, could lead an observer to believe that South Africa is a 'hotbed' of human trafficking. Yet, there are no baseline data about the extent or nature of the problem. The Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) released a research report in March this year that purports to provide 'the first comprehensive assessment of human trafficking in South Africa.' The report is beset with methodological problems and assumptions. It is based on very little original research. The authors of this review argue that it represents a missed opportunity to provide much needed information about human trafficking in South Africa and fuels sensationalism about human trafficking.
Using data to make a difference: Understanding crime through victimisation surveys
Authors: Redpath Jean
Published: April 2016

Victimisation surveys have the potential to deepen our understanding of crime in South Africa. Using the example of a survey conducted in Galeshewe, this article considers the challenges facing analysts in analysing victimisation surveys and suggests ways to increase the information that can be mined from local and national victimisation surveys.
Why, when and how men rape: Understanding rape perpetration in South Africa
Authors: Jewkes Rachel , Sikweyiya Yandisa , Morrell Robert , Dunkle Kristin
Published: April 2016

This article reports the findings of research conducted with a randomly selected sample of men aged 18–49 years from the general population of the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal, who were asked in an anonymously conducted survey about their rape perpetration practices, motivations, and consequences thereof. Overall 27,6 per cent (466/1686) of men had forced a woman to have sex with them against her will, whether an intimate partner, stranger or acquaintance. Some perpetrated alone, others with accomplices. Most men who had raped had done so more than once, started as teenagers, and often had different types of victims. Asked about motivations, men indicated that rape most commonly stemmed from a sense of sexual entitlement, and it was often an act of bored men (alone or in groups) seeking entertainment. Rape was often also a punishment directed against girlfriends and other women, and alcohol was often part of the context. A third of men had experienced no consequences from their acts, not even feelings of guilt. More commonly there was remorse and worry about consequences, and in a third of cases there had been action against them from their family, that of the victims, or respected community members, and about one in five had been arrested for rape. This research confirms that rape is highly prevalent in South Africa, with only a small proportion of incidents reported to the police. Many of the roots of the problem lie in our accentuated gender hierarchy. This highlights the importance of interventions and policies that start in childhood and seek to change the way in which boys are socialised into men, building ideas of gender equity and respect for women.
Beyond the Traditional Courts Bill: Regulating customary courts in line with living customary law and the Constitution
Authors: Weeks Sindiso Mnisi
Published: April 2016

This article discusses flaws in the Traditional Courts Bill in light of research that shows customary courts to operate in accordance with a model that is very different from that adopted by the Bill. Customary courts are not professional institutions but community-based discussion forums, thus participation in them is inclusive of the broad community membership, and their accountability is partly dependent on people's ability to choose to use them, or other forums, when their own courts are unjust. The article therefore develops a framework for regulating customary courts that gives recognition to their essential elements as understood through prior study of diverse courts. The framework advanced is also one that gives greater expression to rights (to democracy, gender equality and freedom of association, or choice) articulated in the Constitution.
Will the real social worker please stand up? Defining criminal justice social work
Authors: Holtzhausen Leon
Published: April 2016

The fundamental objective of this article is to urge a change in the conventional paradigms used to define the practice of social work in the field of criminal justice, and to set in motion a conversion to a unified paradigm of criminal justice social work. A unified paradigm is used here to refer to the multidimensional and multidisciplinary practice of social work in working with both those who offend and those who are victims of crime, in order to restore harm done and prevent further offending. This text is essentially nomenclatorial in nature, meaning, it deals with the naming and defining the specialisation of criminal justice social work as distinctly different from social work in general.
A PRISONER’S RIGHT? The legal case for rehabilitation
Authors: Omar Jameelah
Published: April 2016

This article examines the rights of South African prisoners to rehabilitation in light of the entitlement to rehabilitation contained in the Correctional Services Act 111 of 1998 and the White Paper on Corrections, and thus enshrined in statute. The author contends that prison conditions play a significant role in the failure of the South African government to implement successful rehabilitative programmes. The article considers the potential recourse available to South African prisoners to judicially enforce the South African government’s obligation with regard to effective rehabilitation programmes.
Considering the Glenister judgment: Independence requirements for anti-corruption institutions
Authors: Lewis Melea , Stenning Philip
Published: April 2016

This article analyses the majority and minority positions in the Constitutional Court’s Glenister v President of the Republic of South Africa and Others decision. It will identify the main differences in approach to the issue of the political ‘independence’ of an investigative agency such as the Directorate for Priority Crime Investigation (the Hawks), and its predecessor, the Directorate of Special Operations (Scorpions). The article assesses what ‘room for manoeuvre’ in terms of possible legislation the majority judgment leaves to the South African parliament. The Court’s approach and these apparent requirements are compared with current provisions for political ‘independence’ of anti-corruption agencies in Australia and Indonesia, raising, in particular, an assessment of the arguments for and against (a) the need for an anti-corruption investigative agency to be separate from the ‘regular’ police and prosecution service; and (b) the proposition that an anti-corruption investigative agency requires a higher level of political independence than the ‘regular’ police service(s). It also looks at issues of cost and effectiveness in establishing and maintaining dedicated independent anti-corruption agencies.
A BALANCING ACT FOR THE PROSECUTOR: Restorative justice, criminal justice and access to justice
Authors: Hargovan Hema
Published: April 2016

An international appraisal of prosecutors’ perceptions depicts a uniform tendency for prosecutors to see their role as one of ‘presenting evidence in court to get convictions, rather than promoting problem solving’. Many young law graduates dream of a courtroom battle similar to those in popular television series, which tend to glorify the role of the prosecutor in a dramatic depiction of good versus bad. However, reality soon sets in regarding the numerous challenges faced in the criminal justice system. Court backlogs, high case loads, delays in processing huge numbers of remand offenders, and overcrowded correctional facilities plague the system. It is probably within this context that restorative approaches to justice in the pre-trial phase became attractive for the South African prosecutor. This article examines prosecutorial engagement with restorative approaches to justice, and more specifically the KwaZulu-Natal Justice and Restoration Programme.
Prison reforms in Mozambique fail to touch the ground: Assessing the experience of pre-trial detainees in Maputo
Authors: Lorizzo Tina
Published: April 2016

This article presents the findings of research on pre-trial detention in the Mozambique capital city Maputo. Conditions of detention and access to legal representation of a group of pre-trial detainees are analysed within the context of development of the prison system in Mozambique. The research shows that while progress has been made at the legal and institutional level of the prison system, reforms have yet to impact on pre-trial detainees’ lives.
Book review - Restorative justice and victimology: Euro-Africa perspectives
Authors: Hargovan Hema
Published: April 2016

No abstract
The multiple criminalities of South African liquor and its regulation
Authors: Herrick Clare , Charman Andrew
Published: April 2016

Recent liquor legislation has centred on shebeens as conduits for crime and violence. In contrast to this perspective, we argue that shebeens form part of a complex constellation of relationships influencing alcohol-related violence. Drawing on a survey of shebeen owners in one community in Cape Town, this article explores how their experiences of crime and police raids are reshaping the dynamics of the liquor trade amid conditions of poverty. It argues that inconsistent and often arbitrary policing is driving many shebeens into adopting covert strategies to manage the risks of closure, fines, temporary imprisonment and bribes demanded by the police. In so doing, liquor law enforcement may have inadvertently precipitated new types of violence in township drinking environments. The paper explores the broader implications of these processes for efforts to address alcohol and violence in sustainable and equitable ways that improve quality of life and wellbeing for all.
CREATIVE ACTION FOR CHANGE - Conference report: Strategies for non-violence in education
Authors: Harris Geoff Harris , Hemson Crispin , Kaye Sylvia
Published: April 2016

There is ample evidence of the persistence of violence at all levels of the South African education system. Working on the assumption that change will require active collaboration across all sectors, three organisations held a conference in Durban to sustain work towards non-violence. This article reports the process of working from an understanding of the nature and extent of such violence to a review of current projects and programmes to address it, and finally to a collaborative process in developing strategies for change. Research presented gave considerable insight into how violence operates and how interventions can make a significant difference. Two key disconnects were identified – the gap between the values advocated in policies and those actually experienced, and the failure to see humans as simultaneously physical, spiritual, emotional and cognitive. Learners challenged the practice of tolerating violence as a norm and insisted on the right to learn in conditions of safety. Practitioners demonstrated a range of innovative interventions through presentations and experiential learning. The strategies placed strong emphasis on ways of fostering positive values and ethical behaviour in education, and on promoting the many ways in which people can take creative action for change.
Taking stock of the last 20 years: Responses to organised crime in a democratic South Africa
Authors: Goga Khalil
Published: April 2016

Following the end of apartheid, the South African state has faced a number of challenges. One of these has been the growing spectre of organised crime, which has weighed heavily on the public consciousness. The narrative has been one of organised crime, which is becoming increasingly sophisticated and dangerous, pitted against a weakening and ill-equipped state. This article seeks to give insight into the legal and institutional measures taken by the South African state over the last 20 years. It focuses on direct state responses to organised crime, primarily changes to legislation and enforcement structures. It finds that although the state has been active in changing legislation to combat organised crime, it has often been its own worst enemy where enforcement is concerned, and has consequently lost some important tools in the fight against organised crime.
Justice and legitimacy hindered by uncertainty: The legal status of traditional councils in North West Province
Authors: De Souza Monica
Published: April 2016

The Traditional Leadership and Governance Framework Act 2003 provides for the transformation of apartheidera tribal authorities into constitutional-era traditional councils with a role in traditional governance. The process involves reconstituting these councils to meet certain thresholds of women and democratically elected members. Where councils have failed properly to meet the thresholds – seemingly the case in much of North West Province – their present legal status is called into question. In North West, the ambiguity surrounding their status has been compounded by the conduct of the provincial government, underlying tensions in the legislation, and a confusing series of contradictory government notices and court judgements dealing with the issue. This article examines how the reconstitution requirements have been applied in practice in North West and considers the legal and material impacts of the existing uncertainty surrounding traditional councils’ status. Where these councils are put forward as democratic bodies representing traditional communities in North West’s platinum mining belt, these are particularly important issues to consider in relation to the legitimacy of traditional councils.
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Authors: Faull Andrew
Published: April 2016

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Violence prevention: Consideration for selection and implementation
Authors: Gevers Anik , Dartnall Elizabeth
Published: April 2016

No abstract
An examination of equal access in athletic programs throughout public high schools in the United States
Authors: Buchanan Rebecca R. , Odenheimer Eleanor F. , Prewitt-White Tanya R.
Published: April 2016

The mission of the U.S. Department of Education is “to promote student achievement and preparation for global competitiveness by fostering educational excellence and ensuring equal access” (www.ed.gov).  As an extension of U.S. public education institutions, secondary afterschool programs involving physical activity are theoretically designed to enhance and support the educational mission of public schools.  Yet, due to the hyper-commodification of youth sports, “equal access” in sport and physical activity is becoming increasingly limited to parameters grounded in highly competitive environments reflecting broader sport trends in society.  An interesting paradox emerges in public school settings where the importance of physical activity for adolescents is also emphasized.  However, in reality, the majority of public tax dollars funding extracurricular opportunities to be physically active are only for those who are highly competitive, physically literate and have the financial means to assist in the funding of their sport experiences.  There are also issues related to gender in terms of who is being served.  Therefore, it is importance to examine how public resources relating to physical activity and health are being unequally allocated in the public school setting.
Special Issue Foreword: On the Political Economy of Amateur Athletics
Authors: Newman Joshua I. , Bunds Kyle S.
Published: April 2016

In its most artless definition, political economy refers to the study of inter- and intrastate transaction—concerned in large part with the dialectics of state governance and the production/consumption functions therein. Many of us, with varying degrees of deliberation, have read the works of forerunning political economists such as Adam Smith (c. 1723-1790), David Ricardo (c. 1772-1823), Thomas Malthus (c. 1766-1834), John Stuart Mill (c. 1806-1873), Karl Marx (c. 1818-1883), and Thorstein Veblen (c. 1857-1929). These classic political economists and their contemporaries shared a concern for the extent to which land, labor, income, capital, and the population derived value from, and maintained contingency with, state polity. While each diverged from the others in how to best organize the State in relation to markets and exchange activities (and vice versa) so as to optimize the citizenry’s well-being, these scholars and their contemporaries laid the foundations for the long-standing field of inquiry fixed on exploring how various national political systems (democracy, monarchy, aristocracy, oligarchy, etc.), markets, and political and economic behavior could bring about national prosperity, maximize individual freedom, or raise collective utility.
Welcome to the Journal of Amateur Sport
Authors: Bass Jordan
Published: April 2016

Introduction, Mission, and Purpose for Special Issue: Political Economy of Amateur Sport
BEBER COMO HOMEM: Dilemas e armadilhas em etnografias sobre gênero e masculinidades
Authors: Nascimento Pedro
Published: April 2016

Este artigo apresenta a trajetória de pesquisas etnográficas sobre gênero e masculinidades, destacando as vicissitudes desse objeto de pesquisa em seu cruzamento com a questão do consumo de bebidas alcoólicas. Destaca-se a contribuição da pesquisa etnográfica para o campo de estudos sobre o consumo de bebida alcoólica, evitando uma abordagem medicalizada e moralizante da questão e sua imediata relação com o alcoolismo. Para isso, são considerados os significados socialmente compartilhados sobre o ato social de beber; os elementos do trabalho e da conjugalidade, bem como a rede de relações mais ampla em que os sujeitos estão inseridos. Essa abordagem torna-se importante para compreender como esses sujeitos não podem ser vistos simplesmente como dependentes ou doentes e as formas como múltiplas identidades são negociadas.
TRANSFERÊNCIA DE RENDA E ELEIÇÕES: A trajetória latino-americana
Authors: Corrêa Diego Sanches
Published: April 2016

Nos últimos quinze anos, programas de transferência de renda condicionada (TRC), isto é, programas que transferem renda para famílias pobres e impõem condicionalidades relacionadas à saúde e educação dos beneficiários, se disseminaram pela América Latina. Estudos recentes mostram que esses programas geram dividendos eleitorais entre os pobres e, consequentemente, ajudam presidentes a se reeleger. Neste artigo, eu mostro que a probabilidade de reeleição de presidentes não aumenta com investimentos em programas de TRC. Mais importante, minhas análises demonstram que, na maioria dos países da região, perdas e ganhos eleitorais estão associados à quantidade de famílias beneficiadas. Presidentes que investiram nesses programas perderam votos nas áreas mais desenvolvidas e ganharam votos nas áreas pobres de seus países.
Meta-analysis on the PARP-inhibitor olaparib reveals therapeutic efficacy in ovarian cancer independent of BRCA1/2 mutation status
Authors: Vasconcelos Ines , Gaspar Oscar
Published: April 2016

 

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are one of the most promising drugs for ovarian cancer treatment. This study investigated clinical trials of PARP inhibitors, in order to obtain a more complete prognosis of ovarian cancer patients, which is usually dependent on their BRCA1/2 mutation status. The PubMed database was searched using the key terms “PARP inhibitor OR olaparib OR veliparib OR niraparib OR rucaparib OR (BMN 673) AND (ovarian cancer OR solid tumors)”, while narrowing the selection of the article type to “clinical trial” only. Women included in the study had been histologically diagnosed with recurrent high-grade serous ovarian-, fallopian tube- or primary peritoneal-carcinoma, regardless of the presence of BRCA germline mutation or platinum-sensitive disease recurrence. Data from three Phase I and eight Phase II clinical trials were obtained, two of which evaluated veliparib, eight olaparib and one niraparib. A total of 1042 patients with either high-grade serous ovarian-, fallopian tube- or primary peritoneal cancer were enrolled, of which 587 had a BRCA1/2 germline mutation and at least 370 were platinum-sensitive. The overall response rate (ORR) for patients who underwent treatment with olaparib was 44.5% (95% confidence interval = 0.396–0.496). Patients with BRCA1/2 mutation and those with wild-type BRCA1/2 showed no significant difference in ORR (p = 0.35), even when considering solely Phase II trials (p = 0.13). PARP inhibitors, particularly olaparib, proved effective in the management of ovarian cancer patients. This study identified the existence of patients who presented wild-type BRCA1/2 and possibly BRCA-independent homologous-recombination deficient tumors, or patients with wild-type BRCA1/2 and tumors presenting other forms of BRCAness, who benefit from treatment with olaparib.
Ficha Técnica
Authors: Toledo Gomes João Paulo de
Published: April 2016

Ficha técnica referente a Edição n° 2 - Ano 2015
PARADIGMA KURIKULUM PROGRAM STUDI UMUM PADA PERGURUAN TINGGI AGAMA ISLAM
Authors: Ali Nur
Published: April 2016

The in cease in science and technology department in the Islamic higher education (IHE) is one of the impact of criterion of a success madrasah and school which evaluated and measured with the achievement  of  score  on  the  lessons  of  National  Examination (NE) and the motivation of the student to choose the science and technology  department  that  relevant  to  field of  work.  This  will impact negative in the future if the curriculum of program in the science and technology department in the Islamic higher education is not developed based on the historical foundation and body of knowledge of IHE. One of the curriculum model is an integrated curriculum model that implemented through integrated learning model.

 

 
POSITIONING PENDIDIKAN IPS DALAM MENGENTASKAN KEMISKINAN SOSIAL
Authors: Zuhroh Ni’matuz
Published: April 2016

There are many factors which contribute to the successful of learning in social science. The factors can be identified as input, process and output. The input factor consists of raw input, instrumental input, and environmental input. The process is related to teaching theory, class management, assignment, evaluation and teaching management. While, out put is related to the progressive development of the student.   
This article is an effort to contribute to theory in learning problem of social science; this is by offering an alternative learning approach. The strategy is called as cooperative learning process. This strategy takes four steps, namely: orientation, exploration, depth-understanding, and conclusion.
Keyword:  Orientation, Exploration, Depth-understanding, and  Conclusion.
PEMBERIAN LATIHAN AEROBIK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KAPASITAS SISTEM ENERGI PADA ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Widodo Bintoro
Published: April 2016

Providing energy on human being is formed in a system, called as energy system. Energy system on human being is provided in some kinds, one of them is aerobic system (aerobic system capacity) and anaerobic system (anaerobic system capacity). To increase energy system on the body, so it requires a regular exercise. The exercise that we does has purpose to increase our energy provision as maximum as possible, whether it is done through effort to increase aerobic capacity system or effort to increase anaerobic capacity system. Aerobic system is a work done regularly as long as possible, a muscle work that is general in nature in aerobic condition, whereas anaerobic capacity is a work that make us able to do regularly as long as possible, a muscle work that is general in nature in anaerobic condition. The effort to increase energy system in aerobic exercise on children is an effort to create qualified human being resource.
Keyword: aerobic exercise, energy capacity system,
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON JAPANESE AND INDONESIAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Authors: Aziz Abdul
Published: April 2016

Pendidikan dasar secara umum terbagi dalam dua lembaga pendidikan yakni sekolah dasar dan sekolah menengah pertama. Proses pendidikan yang berlangsung di sekolah dasar merupakan landasan yang sangat penting untuk proses pendidikan di lembaga selanjutnya. Tujuan yang sangat penting dari proses pendidikan di sekolah dasar adalah pengembangan otot, emosi, sosialisasi, pengenalan lingkungan,dan aspek kebahasaan. Kemudian, mulai kelas empat di sekolah dasar ,para siswa mendalami ilmu pengtahuan secara intensif. Sekolah dsar di Jepang menekankan pada pendidikan mental sehingga anak bisa lebih ulet, tabah, toleran, dan optimis dalam hidup bermasyarakat. Pendidikan moral, olah raga, ketrampilan, dan pendidikan kesejahteraan keluarga sangat penting dalampengembangan kepribadian siswa. Pelajaran matematika dan ilmu pengetahuan banyak diajarkan dengan pendekatan kontekstual di sekolah dasar di Indonesia dan Jepang. Kedua Negara juga mulai memberikan pelajaran Bahasa Inggris kepada siswa sekolah dasar untuk mengenalkan secara dini bahasa dab kebudayan bangsa lain serta mempersiapkan mereka dalam persaingan global. Melakukan studi banding terhadap kondisi pendidikan Negara lain membuat kita memperoleh informasi yang benar terhadap pencapaian kita dan Negara lain di bidang pendidikan serta membuat langkah-langkah perbaikan berdasarkan data yang terpercaya bukan kabar burung yang tidak jelas.
 Keyword:  Elementary school education, learning activity, English learning activity
ORGANISASI SEKOLAH YANG VISIONER
Authors: Hambali Muh.
Published: April 2016

School organization is an institution that manages aspects of knowledge, attitude, and skills of students. The organization not only has responsible about learning, but also responsible about condition of school that encourage changes in how to manage the headmaster. Headmaster is the main driver of school organization. To be visionary school organization needs the characteristic of organization both of mechanic and organic. Headmaster needs strong capacity to encourage the organization to achieve dynamic tradition and competency at school. That condition has impacts towards structure and culture at school that can respond to the expectation and
challenges in the future. Headmasters who have visionary leadership can manage challenge to be expectation to achieve the goal of school. Besides that, headmaster tries to inspire the stakeholders to be the center of changes every time in order to adapt to technological developments and the needs of industrial society. School organization reflcts the combination between individuals who have the same dream. The duty of headmaster is realizing the expectations of
vision and mission of school. Headmaster showed the visionary characteristic in managing the elementary school organization. 

Keywords: School Organization, Visionary
Aproximación conceptual a la separación del dióxido de carbono en corrientes de combustión
Authors: Valencia Botero Monica Julieth , Cardona Alzate Carlos Ariel
Published: April 2016

El dióxido de carbono (CO2) es considerado uno de los principales gases causantes del efecto invernadero, responsable de los fenómenos de calentamiento global y cambio climático; por ello se han propuesto distintas estrategias de captura y almacenamiento físico o químico de CO2, especialmente en las emisiones provenientes de corrientes de combustión. Este documento presenta, en primer lugar, una revisión de los procesos de captura de CO2 en procesos de combustión, y, luego, dos escenarios de estudio para la captura de CO2 en un proceso de poscombustión usando metanol como combustible. En el primer escenario se separa el CO2 utilizando absorción con monoetanolamina, y en el segundo se utiliza destilación. Los resultados indican que ambas tecnologías son apropiadas, pero que el rendimiento es mayor con la destilación.
Evaluación de métodos de construcción de curvas IDF a partir de distribuciones de probabilidad y parámetros de ajuste
Authors: Acosta Castellanos Pedro Mauricio , Sierra APonte Lina Xiomara
Published: April 2016

Las curvas intensidad, duración y frecuencia (IDF) son de gran importancia para el diseño de obras hidráulicas; por tal motivo, conocer las metodologías para su construcción es importante. Este artículo presenta una evaluación de las metodologías para la construcción de curvas IDF, aplicando distribuciones de probabilidad
como EVI, Pearson Tipo III, log-Pearson Tipo III y GEV. La aplicación de la investigación fue en el departamento de Boyacá, Colombia. La
construcción de las curvas IDF se hizo a partir de datos pluviográficos.

De la evaluación realizada se encontró la función de distribución, con la cual se evidencia un mejor comportamiento para la zona de estudio; es la función de Valor Extremo Tipo I. Con resultados similares para periodos de retorno mayores, se encuentra la función de Valor Extremo Generalizado. Mediante el análisis se pudo descartar la aplicación de las funciones Pearson y log-Pearson Tipo III.
Comportamiento frente a la corrosión de una aleación Pb-Sn-Ca-Ag en un electrolito de ácido sulfúrico
Authors: Peña Ballesteros Dario Yesid , Estupiñan Duran Hugo Armando , Moreno Jaimes Ana María , Soto Gamboa Diana Carolina
Published: April 2016

Se evaluó una aleación Pb-Sn-Ca-Ag utilizada en la fabricación de rejillas para baterías de automóviles; específicamente, se evaluó el efecto de la temperatura, a 25, 35 y 45 °C, junto con el tiempo de inmersión en ácido sulfúrico al 0,5 M, de 0, 7 y 30 días, mediante espectroscopia de impedancia electroquímica. De acuerdo con los resultados, se obtuvo el comportamiento de la velocidad de corrosión. Adicionalmente, con las pruebas de DRX y MEB fue posible realizar un análisis de los productos de corrosión que se formaron durante el proceso de inmersión en ácido. Los resultados demostraron que la aleación Pb-Sn-Ca-Ag no es recomendable para elaborar rejillas utilizadas en la fabricación de baterías de automóvil.
Implementación de una estrategia fuzzy adaptativa para el control activo de vigas vibratorias
Authors: Moreno-García Francisco Ernesto , Becerra-Vargas José Armando , Cárdenas-Contreras Edwin Martín
Published: April 2016

Este trabajo propone un control activo de vibraciones en un sistema mecánico tipo viga en voladizo, utilizando un controlador fuzzy implementado en LabVIEW. Para la etapa de medición se utiliza un acelerómetro capacitivo capaz de detectar el desplazamiento presentado en la estructura debido a una fuerza generada mediante un impactador instrumentado con un sensor piezorresistivo. Para la implementación computacional es utilizado el software LabVIEW operando en conjunto con una tarjeta de adquisición de datos DAQ 6009. Para el sistema de actuación se ubican en la barra láminas de material piezoeléctrico, que tienen la función de atenuar la vibración presente mediante la generación de fuerzas opuestas. Los resultados experimentales se presentan con el objetivo de acumular experiencias y demostrar la eficacia del control activo de vibraciones con la utilización de actuadores piezoeléctricos.
Resistencia a la corrosión a alta temperatura de recubrimientos NiCrAlY y NiCrFeNbMoTiAl depositados por APS
Authors: Tristancho-Reyes José Luis , Chacón-Nava José Guadalupe , Almeraya-Calderón Facundo
Published: April 2016

La corrosión a alta temperatura de las tuberías utilizadas en equipos generadores de vapor (calderas) ha sido reconocida como un grave problema que trae consigo el adelgazamiento de éstas y, por consiguiente, la falla de los equipos. En la última década se han incrementado las investigaciones que involucran recubrimientos protectores que ayudan de alguna manera a prolongar la vida útil de estos equipos. Esta investigación determinó el comportamiento de los recubrimientos NiCrAlY y NiCrFeNbMoTiAl depositados por proyección térmica asistida por plasma (APS) sobre la aleación SA213 – T22 (2¼Cr – 1Mo), en un ambiente corrosivo de 80%V2O5–20%K2SO4 a 800°C. Los valores de la cinética de corrosión fueron determinados mediante resistencia a la polarización lineal (RPL) y espectroscopia de impedancia electroquímica (EIE). Los resultados obtenidos muestran una menor cinética de corrosión en el recubrimiento NiCrFeNbMoTiAl que la presentada por el recubrimiento NiCrAlY, corroborado por Microscopia Electrónica de Barrido (MEB).
Challenges of SOA adoption in the Telco domain for Latin American researchers
Authors: Mendioroz-Cotelo Fernando , Rendón-Gallón Álvaro , Corrales-Muñoz Juan Carlos , Rojas-Meléndez Julián Andrés
Published: April 2016

Telecommunication service providers such as Mobile Network Operators are currently under the vortex arising from paradigm shifts imposed by the omnipresence of the Internet. The adoption of Service Oriented Architecture and the shift to Next Generation Networks constitute some of the efforts of these organizations at the conflence toward these new business models. This article introduces a review of the concepts behind these proposals within Telco organizations, identifis gaps and discusses about the challenges that research and development groups are facing in the Latin American context; obstacles to overcome for converging and creating a synergic environment of common interests oriented to the innovation around the subject.
Respuesta a pulsos galvanostáticos del acero embebido en concretos de escoria activada alcalinamente
Authors: Aperador-Chaparro Willian Arnulfo , Lizarazo-Marriaga Juan Manuel , Cárdenas-Pulido Jhon Wilmar
Published: April 2016

Presenta la aplicación de la técnica de pulsos galvanostáticos en el concreto de escoria activada alcalinamente, sometido a procesos acelerados de carbonatación. Como material de referencia se utilizó el concreto Portland ordinario. La utilización de dicha técnica permitió calcular el valor de las resistencias involucradas en el proceso de forma separada, permitiendo hallar la velocidad de corrosión mediante la ecuación de Stern y Geary. Los productos de corrosión fueron determinados con la técnica de Espectrometría Mössbauer, correspondientes a magnetita, wuestite y goethita.
Modelación y simulación de un pervaporador acoplado a un proceso de sacarificación-fermentación para la producción de etanol
Authors: Cubillos-Lobo Jairo Antonio , Bustamante-Londoño Felipe , Acosta-Cárdenas Alejandro
Published: April 2016

Actualmente, la integración de procesos es considerada una opción viable para reducir costos en la producción de etanol a partir de biomasa. Simulaciones y resultados experimentales han demostrado los beneficios de la integración de las etapas de sacarificación y fermentación y del acoplamiento del proceso de fermentación a la recuperación in-situ de etanol por pervaporación en la producción de bioetanol; sin embargo, no se han publicado estudios de la integración del proceso de sacarificación-fermentación simultánea con membranas de separación, para la remoción insitu de etanol a partir del caldo de fermentación. En este trabajo se aborda esta necesidad, mediante la modelación y simulación de la producción de etanol a partir de almidón de yuca por sacarificación-fermentación simultánea, acopladas a un sistema de remoción in-situ de etanol por pervaporación, con membranas a base de polidimetilsiloxano (PDMS), silicalita y PDMS-Silicalita. La membrana de PDMS se modeló usando el mecanismo de solución-difusión, mientras que para la membrana de silicalita se utilizó el modelo de adsorción-difusión. Para el modelo del proceso de sacarificación-fermentación simultánea (SSF) se utilizó una fusión del modelo multicadena (Michaelis–Menten), junto con un modelo tipo Monod. El ajuste del modelo de SSF a los datos experimentales reportados, así como de los modelos de membranas de PDMS y silicalita a los valores reportados en la literatura es bueno: la máxima desviación encontrada es del orden de 3%. El modelo integrado se utilizó para predecir la concentración de etanol en función del tiempo durante la sacarificación-fermentación simultánea.
Método de la deformación unitaria para diseño de vigas rectangulares doblemente reforzadas
Authors: Prieto-Serrano Luis Rafael
Published: April 2016

El acero en compresión en una viga doblemente reforzada mejora la ductilidad, reduce las deflexiones instantáneas y de largo plazo, está disponible para tomar la tracción en secciones sometidas a reversión de esfuerzos y, en vigas de poca altura, aumenta la resistencia. A partir de la deformación unitaria esperada del acero en tracción, como medida de la ductilidad de la sección, se propone una metodología directa para determinar las cantidades de refuerzo necesarias, tanto en compresión como en tracción. Se establece que las secciones más eficientes son aquellas para las cuales la deformación en el acero en tracción es 0.005.
Remuestreo Bootstrap y Jackknife en confiabilidad: Caso Exponencial y Weibull
Authors: Ramírez-Montoya Javier , Osuna-Vergara Ignacio , Rojas-Mora Jessica , Guerrero-Gómez Stalyn
Published: April 2016

Se comparan los métodos de remuestreo Bootstrap-t y Jackknife delete I y delete II, utilizando los estimadores no paramétricos de Kaplan-Meier y Nelson-Aalen, que se utilizan con frecuencia en la práctica, teniendo en cuenta diferentes porcentajes de censura, tamaños de muestra y tiempos de interés. La comparación se realiza vía simulación, mediante el error cuadrático medio.
A MOSDÓJELEK KONTRASZTíV SZEMIOTIKAI VIZSGÁLATA NÉHÁNY MAGYARORSZÁGI ÉS SZERBIAI PÉLDA ALAPJÁN
Authors: TÓTH TÍMEA
Published: April 2016

A dolgozat az emberek által mindennap használt, ám mégis tabutémaként kezelt helyiséggel, az illemhelyekkel, valamint azok jelölésével foglalkozik. A szerző a mosdót jelölő ábrákat a férfiak és a nők társadalmi megítélését kifejező jelekként is értelmezi. A kutatás alapját olyan fényképek képezik, amelyek Magyarország és Szerbia különböző településeinek és intézményeinek mosdóiban készültek. A dolgozat a jelölés folyamatának bemutatásán túl a mellékhelyiség társadalmunkban elfogadható megnevezéseivel is foglalkozik. A szerző a kutatását három részre tagol- ta. Először is a kutatott jelenséget mutatja be, ezt követően a férfi és a női mosdó ábráit elemzi, végül pedig kitér a mosdók térbeli elhelyezkedésének jelentőségére is.
PENENTUAN UREA DALAM SERUM DARAH DENGAN BIOSENSOR KONDUKTOMETRI Screen Printed Carbon Electrode (SPCE) – NATA DE COCO
Authors: Kurniawan Sendy , Fajariati Dian Nur , Istiqomah Helmi Auliyah , Antasari Oki Mandalia , Mulyasuryani Ani
Published: April 2016

Urea merupakan hasil samping degradasi protein pada serum normal berkisar 10,7 sampai 42,8 mg/dL. Biosensor konduktometri untuk penentuan urea dalam serum darah didasarkan pada reaksi hidrolisis urea oleh urease menghasilkan amonia (NH3) dan karbon dioksida (CO2) yang terionisasi dalam air. Pada penelitian ini, kondisi optimum dari massa urease, ketebalan membran nata de coco, dan pH larutan  urea dipelajari untuk menentukan kinerja biosensor ketika biosensor diaplikasikan untuk sampel serum darah. Biosensor ini dibuat dari SPCE (Screen Printed Carbon Electrode) yang dilapisi  nata de coco teramobil urease. Pengamatan kinerja biosensor dilakukan pada pH (6; 7; 8; 9), massa urease (0,1; 0,5 ; 1,0; dan 1,5 µg), dan ketebalan membran (5; 10; 15 µm) pada kisaran konsentrasi  urea yang  0 hingga 5 ppm dalam buffer fosfat 0,01 M pH 8 dan luas SPCE 5 mm2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja optimum dihasilkan pada massa enzim 1 µg; ketebalan membran 5 µm; dan pH larutan 8, dengan kepekaan 14,8 µS/ppm, batas deteksi 0,035 ppm, dan kisaran konsentrasi urea 0,035 ppm hingga 0,4 ppm. Biosensor ini memiliki akurasi 73 – 87% saat diaplikasikan dalam sampel serum darah.
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Authors: Editors The
Published: April 2016

Table of Contents