bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Solution to the General Epistemic Problem for Anti-Intellectualism
Authors: Khalaj M. Hosein M. A.
Published: September 2023

Some authors maintain that anti-intellectualism faces a general epistemic problem of explaining the cognitive aspect of know-how, and answering the question of why know-how as a kind of disposition is to be considered a distinct kind of knowledge. In the present paper, I argue for a solution to this problem, the central idea of which is that there is a broader sense of knowledge to which both knowledge-that and knowledge-how belong. I present two versions of this solution. According to the first version, know-how is a distinct kind of knowledge since there is a general analyzable category of knowledge under which both know-how and know-that fall. This general category is analyzed into three components: a success component, an externalist anti-luck component, and an internalist anti-luck component. According to the second version of the solution, know-how is a distinct kind of knowledge since there is an unanalyzable analogical conception of knowledge that comes first in both the theoretical realm (as propositional knowledge) and the practical realm (as know-how). Both versions of the solution are plausible since they distinguish between know-how and knacks in an anti-intellectualist manner by positing that there is an internal relation between know-how and non-propositional intentionality.
Jewish by Law: Legislative Operationalizing of Race and Ethnicity in Holocaust-Era Hungary
Authors: Pap András L. , Lehotay Veronika
Published: September 2023

Framed within discussions on how law operationalizes race and ethnicity, the authors provide a description of how anti-Semitic racially exclusionary legislation identified, classified, and operationalized the Jewry in Hungary between 1920 and 1944.
Justifying Scientific Progress
Authors: Stegenga Jacob
Published: September 2023

I defend a novel account of scientific progress centered around justification. Science progresses, on this account, where there is a change in justification. I consider three options for explicating this notion of change-in-justification. This account of scientific progress dispels with a condition for scientific progress that requires accumulation of truth or truth-likeness, and it emphasizes the social nature of scientific justification.
Proximity, Patronage and Politics in the Correspondence of Lady Elizabeth Anson, c. 1748–1760
Authors: Whitehead Alice
Published: September 2023

This article examines the life of Lady Elizabeth Anson (1725–60), daughter of Philip Yorke, 1st earl of Hardwicke, and the wife of Admiral George Lord Anson, first lord of the admiralty. Using a sample of her letters, this article argues that Lady Anson engaged with letter-writing as an inherently political activity. Previous studies of Lady Anson’s correspondence have emphasized her role in the Yorkes’ political network, but this article foregrounds her marriage to Lord Anson and her life at the admiralty. In a marriage shaped by the strains of naval service, Lady Anson used her talents as a letter-writer to establish a role for herself as her husband’s political partner. Building on the work of Elaine Chalus, Judith Lewis, and Sarah Richardson, this article explores the ways in which Lady Anson used letters to disseminate intelligence and negotiate patronage. It examines her friendship with the powerful admiralty secretary, John Cleveland, and considers the ways in which her physical proximity to the admiralty office gave her privileged access to the inner workings of the Royal Navy. Consequently, her writing provides important insights into the ways in which elite women could use letters to establish their own political authority.
Species composition and biogeographical affinities of polychaetes (Annelida) from the southern Mexican Pacific shelf
Authors: Hernández-Alcántara Pablo , Velasco-López Francisco F. , Quiroz-Martínez Benjamín , Solís-Weiss Vivianne
Published: September 2023

Polychaetes from tropical ecosystems of the eastern Pacific have been poorly studied; thus, the aim of this study was to analyse their taxonomic composition in the southern Mexican Pacific shelf and to examine their biogeographic affinities. A total of 3741 specimens from 82 species, 52 genera, and 27 families were identified from 38 stations at 42–109 m depth. The Sedentaria group was more diverse (40 species, 48.8%) and abundant (1753 ind., 46.9%) compared to the Errantia (36 species, 43.9%; 346 ind., 9.2%) and the Basal Annelida groups (6 species, 7.3%; 1642 ind., 43.9%). The families Onuphidae (14 spp.), Spionidae (8 spp.), and Paraonidae (8 spp.) were the most diverse. The Amphinomidae and Spionidae accounted for 72.6% of the fauna; the remarkably high abundance of both families together is unusual in the tropical eastern Pacific. The polychaete species had high biogeographic affinities with the Mexican tropical Pacific ecoregion (45.1%), which has tropical conditions, and the Cortezian (29.3%), which has warm-temperate characteristics. Twelve amphiamerican species and ten with worldwide distribution were found. The tropical eastern Pacific is one of the world regions with the lowest number of polychaete records, thus underlining the importance of the taxonomic and biogeographic information provided here. The sampling effort should increase, since the non-parametric estimators indicated that 116–138 species were expected, instead of the 82 species actually found.
Factors associated with depression among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tian Haoyu , Qiao Tianci , Teng Jing , Kang Chen , Ke Jia , Shan Lili , Li Mengting , Shen Chun , Han Yan
Published: September 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs). We aimed to identify the factors associated with depression among HCWs during the pandemic. We conducted literature search using eight electronic databases up to July 27 2022. Observational studies with more than 200 participants investigating correlates of depression in HCWs after COVID-19 outbreak were included. We used fixed- and random-effects models to pool odds ratios (ORs) across studies, and Cochran's chi-squared test andI2statistics to assess study heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated by funnel plots. Thirty-five studies involving 44,362 HCWs met the inclusion criteria. Female (OR=1.50, 95% CI [1.23,1.84]), single (OR=1.36, 95% CI [1.21,1.54]), nurse (OR=1.69, 95% CI [1.28,2.25]), history of mental diseases (OR=2.53, 95% CI [1.78,3.58]), frontline (OR=1.79, 95% CI [1.38,2.32]), health anxiety due to COVID-19 (OR=1.88, 95% CI [1.29,2.76]), working in isolation wards (OR=1.98, 95% CI [1.38,2.84]), and insufficient personal protective equipment (OR=1.49, 95% CI [1.33,1.67]) were associated with increased risk of depression. Instead, HCWs with a positive professional prospect (OR=0.34, 95% CI [0.24,0.49]) were less likely to be depressed. This meta-analysis provides up-to-date evidence on the factors linked to depression among HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the persistent threats posed by COVID-19, early screening is crucial for the intervention and prevention of depression in HCWs.
Scientism and the value of scientific evidence for religious belief
Authors: Warman Jack , De Brasi Leandro
Published: September 2023

This article presents a novel argument against an application of evidential scientism to religious belief. In particular, our target is those arguments at whose core lies the claim that it ought to be the case that, if one holds religious beliefs, then those beliefs are based on the best scientific evidence. Moreover, rather than focussing on the philosophical puzzles that usually fall within the purview of philosophers of religion, we are interested in the mundane beliefs of ordinary believers about their everyday interactions with God. Our argument combines recent work on epistemic partiality in close personal relationships with insights from analytic theology on the personal nature of believer's relationships with God. We argue that it's inappropriate for believers who take themselves to have a personal relationship with God to base their religious beliefs about God's nature on scientific evidence. In particular, it's precisely because these believers are in a personal relationship with God that it's sometimes inappropriate for them to form their beliefs about God's nature on the basis of scientific evidence.
V2 violations in different variants of Icelandic: A common denominator?
Authors: Angantýsson Ásgrímur , Nowenstein Iris Edda , Thráinsson Höskuldur
Published: September 2023

In this article, we report on a number of violations of (or exceptions to) the so-called V2 constraint in different variants of Icelandic. The main purpose is to investigate what these violations can tell us about the nature of the V2 constraint, its vulnerability, the limits of syntax, and about children’s ability to sort out what is relevant and what is not in the input they hear during the acquisition period. Three main explanatory possibilites are taken under consideration: the use and acceptance of sentences with V2 violations in Icelandic (i) is due to English influence, (ii) indicates an expansion of patterns existing in the language for language-internal reasons, (iii) is due to a task effect. In brief, our results support (i) for heritage Icelandic but not for non-heritage Icelandic, while different subsets of our data are best accounted for in terms of either (ii) or (iii).
Epidemiology and molecular typing of multidrug-resistant bacteria in day care centres in Flanders, Belgium
Authors: van Kleef – van Koeveringe Stefanie , Matheeussen Veerle , Jansens Hilde , Perales Selva Natascha , De Coninck Dieter , De Bruyne Katrien , Mensaert Klaas , Kluytmans - van den Bergh Marjolein , Kluytmans Jan , Goossens Herman , Dhaeze Wouter ,   on behalf of the i-4-1-Health Study Group
Published: September 2023

The global prevalence and spread of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) represent an emerging public health threat. Day care centre (DCC) attendance is a risk factor for MDRO carriage in children and their environment. This study aimed to map the epidemiology of carriage and potential transmission of these organisms within 18 Flemish DDCs (Belgium). An MDRO prevalence survey was organised between November 2018 and February 2019 among children attending the centres. Selective chromogenic culture media were used for the detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E), carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE), and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) in faecal swabs obtained from diapers or jars (n = 448). All isolated MDROs were subjected to resistance gene sequencing. A total of 71 of 448 samples (15.8%) yielded isolates of ESBL-E with a predominance of Escherichia coli (92.2% of ESBL-E) and ESBL resistance gene blaCTX-M-15 (50.7% of ESBL coding genes in E. coli). ESBL-E prevalence varied between DCCs, ranging from 0 to 50%. Transmission, based on the clonal relatedness of ESBL-E strains, was observed. CPE was identified in only one child carrying an E. coli with an OXA-244 gene. VRE was absent from all samples. The observed prevalence of ESBL-E in Flemish DCCs is high compared with previous studies, and our findings re-emphasise the need for rigorous hygiene measures within such centres to control the further spread of MDROs in the community.
Promoting plant-based eating in meat-centric meal contexts: a field study
Authors: Guedes David , Brazão Vasco , Roque Lisa , Campos Lúcia , Godinho Cristina , Truninger Monica , Vinnari Markus , Graça João
Published: September 2023

Objective:

Shifting from meat-centric to plant-rich diets may help to enable healthier and more sustainable food systems. Here we present the results of a 1-week intervention to promote plant-based eating in a meat-centric food context (i.e. canteen).

Design:

The intervention included environmental restructuring strategies (e.g. promotional materials and menu redevelopment) and improvements to the offer of plant-based meals. The evaluation (sales data; pre-registered) spanned 3 weeks prior to the intervention (baseline), 1 week during the intervention (immediate/short-term impact) and 3 weeks after the intervention (follow-up). Opinion surveys were also used to collect data with customers during the intervention.

Setting:

Canteen unit of a university campus in Portugal (Lisbon metropolitan area).

Participants:

In addition to sales data (baseline: 7965 meals; immediate/short-term: 2635 meals; follow-up: 7135 meals), we used opinion surveys to assess customers’ meal appraisals during the intervention (n = 370).

Results:

The odds of a sold meal being vegetarian were 24 % higher in the intervention week compared with the pre-intervention period [OR = 1·24, 95 % CI (1·10, 1·40)] and 9 % higher in the post-intervention period compared with the pre-intervention period [OR = 1·09, (95 % CI (1·00, 1·19)]. Survey data showed that vegetarian meals compared favourably to meat and fish alternatives in liking, sustainability and satiety.

Conclusions:

A short-term, theory-driven, operationally feasible intervention was effective in promoting increased plant-based meal choices in a collective meal context. Nevertheless, these changes were not entirely sustained over time. Future studies could test whether prolonged or more transformative interventions are necessary to unlock entrenched food practices more effectively in meat-centric collective meal contexts.
ODYSSEAN MEDIATIONS IN EUDOCIA'SMARTYRDOM OF ST CYPRIAN
Authors: Praticò Domenico
Published: September 2023

ὑμετέρης γενεῆς τε καὶ αἵματος εὔχομαι εἶναι

(Eudocia'sLaudes Antiochiae; cf.Il. 6.211, 20.241).1

The article argues that in Eudocia's fifth-centuryMartyrdom of St Cyprian– the only surviving Greek verse paraphrase of a hagiography – certain Odyssean lexical items and intertexts may be thematically grouped. A new category, the ‘diatext’, is introduced to describe this function of theOdysseyas an intermediate thematic model used to transpose the Cyprianic hagiographies (the ‘hypotext’) into Eudocia's verse paraphrase (the ‘hypertext’). A particularly important and complex example is the way in which Eudocia's metapoetic/narratorial and biographical alter ego, the ex-pagan Christian convert Cyprian, is modelled after Odysseus (especially in book 2).
Police Shooting Statistics and Public Support for Police Reforms
Authors: Schiff Kaylyn Jackson , Clark Tom S. , Glynn Adam N. , Owens Michael Leo , Gunderson Anna , Dobbie Eric
Published: September 2023

Does providing information about police shootings influence policing reform preferences? We conducted an online survey experiment in 2021 among approximately 2,600 residents of 10 large US cities. It incorporated original data we collected on police shootings of civilians. After respondents estimated the number of police shootings in their cities in 2020, we randomized subjects into three treatment groups and a control group. Treatments included some form of factual information about the police shootings in respondents’ cities (e.g., the actual total number). Afterward, respondents were asked their opinions about five policing reform proposals. Police shooting statistics did not move policing reform preferences. Support for policing reforms is primarily associated with partisanship and ideology, coupled with race. Our findings illuminate key sources of policing reform preferences among the public and reveal potential limits of information-driven, numeric-based initiatives to influence policing in the US.
Sozial-emotional kompetent in die Schule?!
Authors: Mays Daniel , Quenzer-Alfred Carolin , Scheicht Terell , Tölle Lisa
Published: September 2023

Zusammenfassung. Während der Entwicklung emotionaler und sozialer Kompetenzen im Vorschulalter fällt es Kindern zunehmend leichter, Gefühle richtig zu erkennen, diese zu regulieren und auch zielgerichtet in sozialen Situationen einzusetzen. Emotionale und soziale Kompetenzen stehen in Verbindung mit anderen bildungsbiografisch relevanten Kompetenzen und einem erfolgreichen Übergang ins Schulsystem. Diese Entwicklungsdynamik wird dabei durch individuelle Voraussetzungen und das soziale Umfeld beeinflusst. Während der COVID-19-Pandemie kam es zu zahlreichen Einschränkungen kompetenzfördernder Angebote, Kontaktverbote und einem erhöhten Stress- und Anforderungsaufkommen in Familien. Die vorliegende Längsschnittstudie untersucht die Entwicklung von Wissensleistungen und Strategien im Zusammenhang mit der sozial-emotionalen Kompetenz bei Vorschulkindern im ersten Shutdown. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf kurzfristige negative Veränderungen in der emotionalen Regulierfähigkeit und längerfristige Veränderungen im Bereich der sozialen Fähigkeiten über die Transition hin. Die Ergebnisse werden im Kontext pandemiebedingter Einschränkungen diskutiert und mögliche Implikationen werden abgeleitet.
Lithospheric Structure of the Circum‐Pannonian Region Imaged by S‐To‐P Receiver Functions
Authors: Kalmár Dániel , Petrescu Laura , Stipčević Josip , Balázs Attila , János Kovács István ,   the AlpArray and PACASE Working Groups
Published: September 2023

The lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary and mid‐lithospheric discontinuities are primary attributes of the upper mantle. The Pannonian region is an extensional sedimentary basin enclosed by collisional orogens. Here, we estimate the negative phase depth of S‐to‐P receiver functions to image the lithospheric thickness and other discontinuities with high resolution, based on the recent dense seismological broadband networks. The lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary is relatively shallow (<90 km) in the Pannonian Basin system, and deeper (∼90–140 km) in the surrounding orogens, where average surface heat flow values are higher (120 mW/m2) and lower (50–70 mW/m2), respectively. The 1D and 2D common conversion point migration with 3D velocity model provide comparable but different resolution images beneath the wider region of the Pannonian Basin. We obtained deeper values in the Western (∼120 km) and Southern‐Carpathians orogens (∼135 km). Furthermore, we provide new information on the lithospheric thickness and its seismic properties in the eastern part of the study region (e.g., Apuseni Mountains (∼95 km), Eastern‐Carpathians (∼120 km), Moesian Platform (∼90 km) and Transylvanian Basin (∼85 km). The shallower negative phase depth can be interpreted as the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary beneath the Pannonian Basin system in agreement with its high heat flow values. In contrast, the deeper negative phase depth estimates in the colder surroundings can be interpreted as intra‐ or mid‐lithospheric discontinuities, when compared with local seismic tomography models. In this region, the correlation with heat flow implies that the observed negative phase depth is of thermo‐chemical or rheological nature.
Introducing the Idea of Classifying Sets of Permanent GNSS Stations as Benchmarks for Hydrogeodesy
Authors: Klos A. , Kusche J. , Leszczuk G. , Gerdener H. , Schulze K. , Lenczuk A. , Bogusz J.
Published: September 2023

We propose a novel approach to classify sets of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) permanent stations as benchmarks for hydrogeodesy. Benchmarks are trusted sets of GNSS stations whose displacements are classified as significantly and positively correlated with hydrospheric changes and identified in a three temporal‐scales: short‐term, seasonal and long‐term. We use 63 vertical displacement time series processed at the Nevada Geodetic Laboratory for the period 1998–2021 from stations located within Amazon basin and show that estimates of trends and annual signals, including the annual phase maximum, are very coherent with water surface levels provided by altimetry missions. We compute vertical displacements from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow‐On gravity missions and predict those also from Global Land Water Storage (GLWS) v2.0 data set which values are produced by assimilation of GRACE into WaterGAP Global Hydrological Model (WGHM). We divide vertical displacements from the three data sets into the pre‐defined temporal‐scales of short‐term, seasonal and long‐term, using non‐parametric wavelet analysis. For each temporal‐scale, correlation coefficients are computed between GNSS‐measured and GRACE‐derived/GLWS‐predicted displacements. We present the benefits of applying high‐resolution GRACE‐assimilating hydrology model to benchmark GNSS stations, which are particularly evident when using spherical harmonic coefficients higher than 120. Their increase causes the number of stations included in the benchmarks to rise by up to 15% for short‐term. Benchmarking allows hydrogeodesy to take advantage of a broader set of GNSS stations that were previously omitted, such as earthquake‐affected sites and those where a possible poroelastic response is observed.
The Role of In‐Cloud Wet Removal in Simulating Aerosol Vertical Profiles and Cloud Radiative Forcing
Authors: Shan Yunpeng , Liu Xiaohong , Lin Lin , Ke Ziming , Lu Zheng , Tilmes Simone , Gao Lan , Yu Pengfei
Published: September 2023

Among the physical processes controlling aerosol vertical profiles, in‐cloud wet removal is of utmost importance while its representation in global climate models (GCMs) is crude. In this study, we implement into the Community Atmosphere Model version 6 (CAM6) a physically‐based aerosol wet removal parameterization scheme that explicitly treats aerosol activation, removal and resuspension. Evaluation against in‐situ observations shows that the default scheme substantially overestimates the upper tropospheric black carbon (BC) and sea salt mass. Our physically‐based scheme reduces BC and sea salt mass by a factor of 10 and 1,000, respectively, in better agreement with observations. Also, the new scheme slightly increases number of aerosol particles between 12 nm and 4.8 μm in diameter, thereby mitigating the aerosol number underestimation in the default scheme. Our new scheme reduces the overestimation of coarse‐mode aerosol (0.5–4.8 μm) number. Overall, the aerosol property changes (mass decrease and number increase) reduce the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentration at low supersaturation (i.e., 0.02% and 0.1%), and increase CCN at high supersaturations (i.e., 0.5% and 1%). Consequently, the global annual mean cloud liquid water path increases by 1.89 g m−2 and the ice water path increases by 0.51 g m−2. The global annual mean shortwave, longwave, and net cloud radiative forcing change by −1.06, 0.57, and −0.48 W m−2, respectively. Further improvement is needed to reflect the real physics that the removal efficiencies for aerosol mass and number are disproportionate and to advect cloud‐borne (activated) aerosols for a complete aerosol lifecycle.
Early cancer detection by SERS spectroscopy and machine learning
Authors: Shi Lingyan , Li Yajuan , Li Zhi
Published: September 2023

A new approach for early detection of multiple cancers is presented by integrating SERS spectroscopy of serum molecular fingerprints and machine learning.
Electronic exoneuron based on liquid metal for the quantitative sensing of the augmented somatosensory system
Authors: Shang Jin , Tang Lixue , Guo Kaiqi , Yang Shuaijian , Cheng Jinhao , Dou Jiabin , Yang Rong , Zhang Mingming , Jiang Xingyu
Published: September 2023

The increasing demands in augmented somatosensory have promoted quantitative sensing to be an emerging need for athletic training/performance evaluation and physical rehabilitation. Neurons for the somatosensory system in the human body can capture the information of movements in time but only qualitatively. This work presents an electronic Exo-neuron (EEN) that can spread throughout the limbs for realizing augmented somatosensory by recording both muscular activity and joint motion quantitatively without site constraints or drift instability, even in strenuous activities. Simply based on low-cost liquid metal and clinically used adhesive elastomer, the EEN could be easily fabricated in large areas for limbs. It is thin (~120 μm), soft, stretchable (>500%), and conformal and further shows wide applications in sports, rehabilitation, health care, and entertainment.
Histological diagnosis of polyploidy discriminates an aggressive subset of hepatocellular carcinomas with poor prognosis
Authors: Matsuura Takanori , Ueda Yoshihide , Harada Yoshiyuki , Hayashi Kazuki , Horisaka Kisara , Yano Yoshihiko , So Shinichi , Kido Masahiro , Fukumoto Takumi , Kodama Yuzo , Hara Eiji , Matsumoto Tomonori
Published: September 2023

Background

Although genome duplication, or polyploidization, is believed to drive cancer evolution and affect tumor features, its significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. We aimed to determine the characteristics of polyploid HCCs by evaluating chromosome duplication and to discover surrogate markers to discriminate polyploid HCCs.

Methods

The ploidy in human HCC was assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization for multiple chromosomes. Clinicopathological and expression features were compared between polyploid and near-diploid HCCs. Markers indicating polyploid HCC were explored by transcriptome analysis of cultured HCC cells.

Results

Polyploidy was detected in 36% (20/56) of HCCs and discriminated an aggressive subset of HCC that typically showed high serum alpha-fetoprotein, poor differentiation, and poor prognosis compared to near-diploid HCCs. Molecular subtyping revealed that polyploid HCCs highly expressed alpha-fetoprotein but did not necessarily show progenitor features. Histological examination revealed abundant polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) with a distinct appearance and frequent macrotrabecular-massive architecture in polyploid HCCs. Notably, the abundance of PGCCs and overexpression of ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes 2C indicated polyploidy in HCC and efficiently predicted poor prognosis in combination.

Conclusions

Histological diagnosis of polyploidy using surrogate markers discriminates an aggressive subset of HCC, apart from known HCC subgroups, and predict poor prognosis in HCC.
A microprotein N1DARP encoded by LINC00261 promotes Notch1 intracellular domain (N1ICD) degradation via disrupting USP10-N1ICD interaction to inhibit chemoresistance in Notch1-hyperactivated pancreatic cancer
Authors: Zhai Shuyu , Lin Jiewei , Ji Yuchen , Zhang Ronghao , Zhang Zehui , Cao Yizhi , Liu Yang , Tang Xiaomei , Liu Jia , Liu Pengyi , Lin Jiayu , Li Fanlu , Li Hongzhe , Shi Yusheng , Fu Da , Deng Xiaxing , Shen Baiyong
Published: September 2023

The extensively activated Notch signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer cells is important in carcinogenesis, chemoresistance, and recurrence. Targeting this pathway is a promising therapeutic strategy for pancreatic cancer; however, few successful approaches have been reported, and currently used molecular inhibitors of this pathway exhibit limited clinical benefits. In this study, we identified a previously uncharacterized microprotein, Notch1 degradation-associated regulatory polypeptide (N1DARP), encoded by LINC00261. N1DARP knockout accelerated tumor progression and enhanced stem cell properties in pancreatic cancer organoids and LSL-Kras, LSL-Trp53, and Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mice. Mechanistically, N1DARP suppressed canonical and non-canonical Notch1 pathways by competitively disrupting the interaction between N1ICD and ubiquitin-specific peptidase 10 (USP10), thereby promoting K11- and K48-linked polyubiquitination of N1ICD. To evaluate the therapeutic potential of N1DARP, we designed a cell-penetrating stapled peptide, SAH-mAH2-5, with a helical structure similar to that of N1DARP that confers remarkable physicochemical stability. SAH-mAH2-5 interacted with and promoted the proteasome-mediated degradation of N1ICD. SAH-mAH2-5 injection provided substantial therapeutic benefits with limited off-target and systemic adverse effects in Notch1-activated pancreatic cancer models. Taken together, these findings confirm that N1DARP acts as a tumor suppressor and chemosensitizer by regulating USP10-Notch1 oncogenic signaling, and suggest a promising therapeutic strategy targeting the N1DARP–N1ICD interaction in Notch1-activated pancreatic cancer.
Experimental scatter of the fatigue response of additively manufactured components: a statistical method based on the Profile Likelihood
Authors: Tridello A. , Boursier Niutta C. , Rossetto M. , Berto F. , Paolino D. S.
Published: September 2023

The fatigue response of additively manufactured (AM) specimens is mainly driven by manufacturing defects, like pores and lack of fusion defects, which are mainly responsible for the large variability of fatigue data in the S–N plot. The analysis of the results of AM tests can be therefore complex: for example, the influence of a specific factor, e.g. the building direction, can be concealed by the experimental variability. Accordingly, appropriate statistical methodologies should be employed to safely and properly analyze the results of fatigue tests on AM specimens. In the present paper, a statistical methodology for the analysis of the AM fatigue test results is proposed. The approach is based on shifting the experimental failures to a reference number of cycles starting from the estimated P–S–N curves. The experimental variability of the fatigue strength at the reference number of cycles is also considered by estimating the profile likelihood function. This methodology has been validated with literature datasets and has proven its effectiveness in dealing with the experimental scatter typical of AM fatigue test results.
Detection and attribution of intra-annual mass component of sea-level variations along the Norwegian coast
Authors: Mangini Fabio , Bonaduce Antonio , Chafik Léon , Raj Roshin , Bertino Laurent
Published: September 2023

Reliable sea-level observations in coastal regions are needed to assess the impact of sea level on coastal communities and ecosystems. This paper evaluates the ability of in-situ and remote sensing instruments to monitor and help explain the mass component of sea level along the coast of Norway. The general agreement between three different GRACE/GRACE-FO mascon solutions and a combination of satellite altimetry and hydrography gives us confidence to explore the mass component of sea level in coastal areas on intra-annual timescales. At first, the estimates reveal a large spatial-scale coherence of the sea-level mass component on the shelf, which agrees with Ekman theory. Then, they suggest a link between the mass component of sea level and the along-slope wind stress integrated along the eastern boundary of the North Atlantic, which agrees with the theory of poleward propagating coastal trapped waves. These results highlight the potential of the sea-level mass component from GRACE and GRACE-FO, satellite altimetry and the hydrographic stations over the Norwegian shelf. Moreover, they indicate that GRACE and GRACE-FO can be used to monitor and understand the intra-annual variability of the mass component of sea level in the coastal ocean, especially where in-situ measurements are sparse or absent.
Fluoride distribution in selected foodstuffs from Nakuru County, Kenya, and the risk factors for its human overexposure
Authors: Nelima Delphine , Wambu Enos W. , Kituyi John L.
Published: September 2023

Critical data on the impacts of fluoride (F) in food systems along the Eastern Africa Rift Valley System (EARS) is needed for public health risk assessment and for the development of strategies for ameliorating its deleterious effects among the affected communities. Long-term F overexposure causes dental and skeletal fluorosis, and leads to neurotoxicity, which impacts several important body functions. Investigating F exposure pathways is of essence to inform and safeguard public health of the affected communities. The current study assessed the F levels in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and garden peas (Possum sativa) from Nakuru County, Kenya, by potentiometric analysis using F ion-selective electrodes. It then evaluated the risk factors for excessive human exposure to F through contaminated foodstuffs. The mean F levels in the potatoes (8.50 ± 4.70 mg/kg), beans (8.02 ± 4.12 mg/kg) and peas (4.99 ± 1.25 mg/kg) exceeded recommended dietary allowances (RDA) level of 4 mg/kg endorsed by US Institute of Medicine for the different categories of people. The F distribution trends in beans and potatoes reflected the environmental patterns of F contamination of the study area but the spatial extent Fin the peas indicated existence of partial resistance of the pea plants to environmental F uptake. The results indicated that both the beans and the potatoes were more liable to accumulating greater amounts of F from the environment than garden peas and that all the three foodstuffs contained high F levels that posed greater risk of F overexposure and its deleterious impacts among the young children, male populations, and in people of greater body weight and high physical activity levels.
Novel insights for a nonlinear deterministic-stochastic class of fractional-order Lassa fever model with varying kernels
Authors: Rashid Saima , Karim Shazia , Akgül Ali , Bariq Abdul , Elagan S. K.
Published: September 2023

Lassa fever is a hemorrhagic virus infection that is usually spread by rodents. It is a fatal infection that is prevalent in certain West African countries. We created an analytical deterministic-stochastic framework for the epidemics of Lassa fever employing a collection of ordinary differential equations with nonlinear solutions to identify the influence of propagation processes on infected development in individuals and rodents, which include channels that are commonly overlooked, such as ecological emergent and aerosol pathways. The findings shed light on the role of both immediate and subsequent infectiousness via the power law, exponential decay and generalized Mittag-Leffler kernels. The scenario involves the presence of a steady state and an endemic equilibrium regardless of the fundamental reproduction number, $$\Re _{0}<1$$

ℜ
0

<
1

, making Lassa fever influence challenging and dependent on the severity of the initial sub-populations. Meanwhile, we demonstrate that the stochastic structure has an exclusive global positive solution via a positive starting point. The stochastic Lyapunov candidate approach is subsequently employed to determine sufficient requirements for the existence and uniqueness of an ergodic stationary distribution of non-negative stochastic simulation approaches. We acquire the particular configuration of the random perturbation associated with the model’s equilibrium $$\Re _{0}^{s}<1$$

ℜ

0

s

<
1

according to identical environments as the presence of a stationary distribution. Ultimately, modeling techniques are used to verify the mathematical conclusions. Our fractional and stochastic findings exhibit that when all modes of transmission are included, the impact of Lassa fever disease increases. The majority of single dissemination pathways are less detrimental with fractional findings; however, when combined with additional spread pathways, they boost the Lassa fever stress.
Recombinant expression and subcellular targeting of the particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO) protein components in plants
Authors: Spatola Rossi Tatiana , Tolmie A. Frances , Nichol Tim , Pain Charlotte , Harrison Patrick , Smith Thomas J. , Fricker Mark , Kriechbaumer Verena
Published: September 2023

Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, which has contributed to approximately a fifth of global warming since pre-industrial times. The agricultural sector produces significant methane emissions, especially from livestock, waste management and rice cultivation. Rice fields alone generate around 9% of total anthropogenic emissions. Methane is produced in waterlogged paddy fields by methanogenic archaea, and transported to the atmosphere through the aerenchyma tissue of rice plants. Thus, bioengineering rice with catalysts to detoxify methane en route could contribute to an efficient emission mitigation strategy. Particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO) is the predominant methane catalyst found in nature, and is an enzyme complex expressed by methanotrophic bacteria. Recombinant expression of pMMO has been challenging, potentially due to its membrane localization, multimeric structure, and polycistronic operon. Here we show the first steps towards the engineering of plants for methane detoxification with the three pMMO subunits expressed in the model systems tobacco and Arabidopsis. Membrane topology and protein–protein interactions were consistent with correct folding and assembly of the pMMO subunits on the plant ER. Moreover, a synthetic self-cleaving polypeptide resulted in simultaneous expression of all three subunits, although low expression levels precluded more detailed structural investigation. The work presents plant cells as a novel heterologous system for pMMO allowing for protein expression and modification.
The stability analysis of a nonlinear mathematical model for typhoid fever disease
Authors: Khan Ihsan Ullah , Mustafa Shahbaz , Shokri Ali , Li Shuo , Akgül Ali , Bariq Abdul
Published: September 2023

Typhoid fever is a contagious disease that is generally caused by bacteria known as Salmonella typhi. This disease spreads through manure contamination of food or water and infects unprotected people. In this work, our focus is to numerically examine the dynamical behavior of a typhoid fever nonlinear mathematical model. To achieve our objective, we utilize a conditionally stable Runge–Kutta scheme of order 4 (RK-4) and an unconditionally stable non-standard finite difference (NSFD) scheme to better understand the dynamical behavior of the continuous model. The primary advantage of using the NSFD scheme to solve differential equations is its capacity to discretize the continuous model while upholding crucial dynamical properties like the solutions convergence to equilibria and its positivity for all finite step sizes. Additionally, the NSFD scheme does not only address the deficiencies of the RK-4 scheme, but also provides results that are consistent with the continuous system's solutions. Our numerical results demonstrate that RK-4 scheme is dynamically reliable only for lower step size and, consequently cannot exactly retain the important features of the original continuous model. The NSFD scheme, on the other hand, is a strong and efficient method that presents an accurate portrayal of the original model. The purpose of developing the NSFD scheme for differential equations is to make sure that it is dynamically consistent, which means to discretize the continuous model while keeping significant dynamical properties including the convergence of equilibria and positivity of solutions for all step sizes. The numerical simulation also indicates that all the dynamical characteristics of the continuous model are conserved by discrete NSFD scheme. The theoretical and numerical results in the current work can be engaged as a useful tool for tracking the occurrence of typhoid fever disease.
Selective effects of estradiol on human corneal endothelial cells
Authors: Han Seoyoung , Mueller Christian , Wuebbolt Caitlin , Kilcullen Sean , Nayyar Varinda , Calle Gonzalez Brayan , Mahdavi Fard Ali , Floss Jamie C. , Morales Michael J. , Patel Sangita P.
Published: September 2023

In Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD), mitochondrial and oxidative stresses in corneal endothelial cells (HCEnCs) contribute to cell demise and disease progression. FECD is more common in women than men, but the basis for this observation is poorly understood. To understand the sex disparity in FECD prevalence, we studied the effects of the sex hormone 17-β estradiol (E2) on growth, oxidative stress, and metabolism in primary cultures of HCEnCs grown under physiologic ([O2]2.5) and hyperoxic ([O2]A) conditions. We hypothesized that E2 would counter the damage of oxidative stress generated at [O2]A. HCEnCs were treated with or without E2 (10 nM) for 7–10 days under both conditions. Treatment with E2 did not significantly alter HCEnC density, viability, ROS levels, oxidative DNA damage, oxygen consumption rates, or extracellular acidification rates in either condition. E2 disrupted mitochondrial morphology in HCEnCs solely from female donors in the [O2]A condition. ATP levels were significantly higher at [O2]2.5 than at [O2]A in HCEnCs from female donors only, but were not affected by E2. Our findings demonstrate the resilience of HCEnCs against hyperoxic stress. The effects of hyperoxia and E2 on HCEnCs from female donors suggest cell sex-specific mechanisms of toxicity and hormonal influences.
A multiline fitting method for measuring ethylene concentration based on WMS-2f/1f
Authors: Wang W. F. , Yang B. , Liu H. F. , Ren L. F. , He D. , Zhao X. C. , Li J.
Published: September 2023

Coal spontaneous combustion risk assessment is a global technical challenge for the sustainable development of deep mining technology, and C2H4 is a key indicator for early warning of coal spontaneous combustion. Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) has the advantages of high selectivity, high sensitivity, high accuracy and real-time on-line measurement, and it can detect multiple gases simultaneously, so it has significant advantages in the accurate detection of coal spontaneous combustion indicator gases. To address the problem of cross-interference between the near-infrared absorption lines of CH4 and C2H4, which are the indicator gases of spontaneous combustion in coal, a multi-line fitting method was proposed in this study to calibrate the concentration of C2H4. The high-precision Environics2000 automatic standard gas dispenser from the United States, which has a built-in CPU computer control and data control and processing system, was used. Its gas concentration accuracy: ± 1.0%, gas flow accuracy: ± 1.0%, gas repeatability accuracy: ± 1.0%, flow linearity accuracy: ± 0.5%, and inlet operating pressure: minimum 10 psig (0.67 bar) ~ 75 psig (5.04 bar). The measured and simulated WMS-2f/1f signals were multilinearly fitted using a multilinear fitting algorithm and wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS), and the measurement of C2H4 concentration was achieved based on the extracted spectral line information. The results show that the maximum relative error of C2H4 concentration measurement is 2.40%, which is 54% lower than that of the conventional 2f peak measurement method, thus demonstrating the effectiveness of the multilinear fitting algorithm in the inversion of C2H4 concentration under the interference of absorption lines. In addition, this study has far-reaching implications for the application of TDLAS technology in the accurate detection of coal spontaneous combustion indicator gases.
Sound trapping and waveguiding in locally resonant viscoelastic phononic crystals
Authors: Yip Kenny L. S. , John Sajeev
Published: September 2023

We describe the trapping and absorption of audible sound in centimeter-scale claddings of two-dimensional, locally resonant phononic crystals. In a square lattice of local resonators consisting of steel cores and cellulose shells, embedded in a viscous foam, dual acoustic-range band gaps extending from about 200 to $$2850 \text { Hz}$$

2850

Hz

are achieved. The spectral range consists of a low-frequency, local resonance gap, separated from a higher frequency Bragg resonance gap, by narrow bands of slow-sound modes. We demonstrate that thin claddings of such phononic crystal, of only three unit cells in thickness, can effectively prevent sound transmission, by a combination of reflection and absorption, over much of the audible spectrum. Moreover, frequency-selective sound transmission can be enabled by engineering waveguide channels that transmit sound through the local resonance gap, the Bragg gap, or both. This offers a path to sound-sculpting claddings that can surround a noise-generating source. The viscoelastic foam in our cladding is treated using a fractional Voigt model, capable of describing experimentally observed responses.
Investigation of blood group genotype prevalence in Korean population using large genomic databases
Authors: Bae Cheol O , Kwon Soon Sung , Kim Sinyoung
Published: September 2023

Blood group antigens, which are prominently expressed in red blood cells, are important in transfusion medicine. The advent of high-throughput genome sequencing technology has facilitated the prediction of blood group antigen phenotypes based on genomic data. In this study, we analyzed data from a large Korean population to provide an updated prevalence of blood group antigen phenotypes, including rare ones. A robust dataset comprising 72,291 single nucleotide polymorphism arrays, 5318 whole-exome sequences, and 4793 whole-genome sequences was extracted from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, Genome Aggregation Database, and Korean Variant Archive and then analyzed. The phenotype prevalence of clinically significant blood group antigens, including MNSs, RHCE, Kidd, Duffy, and Diego, was predicted through genotype analysis and corroborated the existing literature. We identified individuals with rare phenotypes, including 369 (0.51%) with Fy(a−b+), 188 (0.26%) with Di(a+b−), and 16 (0.02%) with Jr(a−). Furthermore, we calculated the frequencies of individuals with extremely rare phenotypes, such as p (0.000004%), Kell-null (0.000310%), and Jk(a−b−) (0.000438%), based on allele frequency predictions. These findings offer valuable insights into the distribution of blood group antigens in the Korean population and have significant implications for enhancing the safety and efficiency of blood transfusion.
A critical insight on nanofluids for heat transfer enhancement
Authors: Alami Abdul Hai , Ramadan Mohamad , Tawalbeh Muhammad , Haridy Salah , Al Abdulla Shamma , Aljaghoub Haya , Ayoub Mohamad , Alashkar Adnan , Abdelkareem Mohammad Ali , Olabi Abdul Ghani
Published: September 2023

There are numerous reports and publications in reputable scientific and engineering journals that attribute substantial enhancement in heat transfer capabilities for heat exchangers once they employ nanofluids as working fluids. By definition, a nanofluid is a working fluid that has a small volume fraction (5% or less) of a solid particle with dimensions in the nanoscale. The addition of this solid material has a reported significant impact on convective heat transfer in heat exchangers. This work investigates the significance of the reported enhancements in many recent related publications. Observations on these publications’ geographical origins, fundamental heat transfer calculations, experimental setups and lack of potential applications are critically made. Heat transfer calculations based on methodologies outlined in random selection of available papers were conducted along with a statistical analysis show paradoxically inconsistent conclusion as well as an apparent lack of complete comprehension of convective heat transfer mechanism. In some of the surveyed literature for example, heat transfer coefficient enhancements were reported to be up to 27% and 48%, whereas the recalculations presented in this work restrain proclaimed enactments to ~ 3.5% and − 4% (no enhancement), respectively. This work aims at allowing a healthy scientific debate on whether nanofluids are the sole answer to enhancing convective heat transfer in heat exchangers. The quantity of literature that confirms the latter statement have an undeniable critical mass, but this volition could be stemming from and heading to the wrong direction. Finally, the challenges imposed by the physical nature of nanoparticles, as well as economic limitations caused by the high price of conventional nanoparticles such as gold (80$/g), diamond (35$/g), and silver (6$/g) that hinder their commercialization, are presented.