bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation between radiomic features based on contrast‐enhanced computed tomography images and Ki‐67 proliferation index in lung cancer: A preliminary study
Authors: Zhou Bodong , Xu Jie , Tian Ye , Yuan Shuai , Li Xubin
Published: August 2018

Background

The purpose of the study was to investigate the association between radiomic features based on contrast‐enhanced multidetector computed tomography (CT) and the Ki‐67 proliferation index (PI) in patients with lung cancer.

Methods

One hundred and ten patients with lung cancer confirmed by surgical histology were retrospectively included. Radiomic features were extracted from preoperative contrast‐enhanced chest multidetector CT images for each tumor using open‐source three‐dimensional Slicer software. Statistical analysis was performed to determine significant radiomic features serving as image predictors of Ki‐67 status in lung cancer and to investigate the relationship between these features and Ki‐67 PI.

Results

Higher Ki‐67 expression was more common in men (P = 0.02) and patients with a smoking history (P = 0.01). Twelve radiomic features were significantly associated with Ki‐67 status. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified inverse variance, minor axis, and elongation as independent predictors of Ki‐67 PI. There was a positive correlation between inverse variance, minor axis, elongation (P = 0.00, P = 0.02, and P = 0.14, respectively) and Ki‐67 PI. The area under the curve to identify high Ki‐67 status for inverse variance was 0.77 with a cutoff value of 0.47, which was significantly higher than for minor axis and elongation (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively).

Conclusion

Radiomic features based on contrast CT images, including inverse variance, minor axis, and elongation, can serve as noninvasive predictors of Ki‐67 status in patients with lung cancer. Inverse variance could be superior to the other radiomic features to identify high Ki‐67 status.
Spillover Effects of Internal Control Weakness Disclosures: The Role of Audit Committees and Board Connections
Authors: Cheng Shijun , Felix Robert , Indjejikian Raffi
Published: August 2018

We find that firms are less likely to report an internal control material weakness (as mandated by the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act) in a given year if one of their audit committee members is concurrently on the board of a firm that disclosed a material weakness within the prior three years. We find a similar spillover effect for financial restatement disclosures. The spillover from material weakness disclosures is evident only if a shared director has more experience with the disclosing firm or can channel more information about the disclosed material weakness. Our findings suggest that prior director experiences outside the firm influence the work of audit committees inside the firm. One rationale is that a director's prior experience with an adverse disclosure helps diffuse important insights and serves as a catalyst for improvements in a firm's internal control and financial reporting practices. An alternative explanation, which we cannot dismiss, holds that a director's prior experience helps a firm to underreport material weaknesses and financial restatements without any attendant improvements in the underlying practices.
Transparency, Information Shocks, and Tax Avoidance
Authors: Kerr Jon N.
Published: August 2018

This study helps provide clarity to the prior mixed findings on the association between financial reporting transparency and tax avoidance by studying the effect that transparency has on tax avoidance in a cross‐country sample through aggregate‐ and firm‐level tests. Results using firm‐ and country‐level (aggregate) measures of transparency and tax avoidance show that countries and firms with greater levels of transparency exhibit lower levels of tax avoidance and that the effect of country‐level transparency is incremental to firm‐level transparency. Furthermore, results of difference‐in‐difference tests using the adoption of IFRS and the initial enforcement of insider trading laws around the world as exogenous shocks that increase transparency find that transparency has a statistically and economically significant effect on tax avoidance and address empirical concerns regarding endogeneity and reverse causality not fully addressed in the prior research. The results of these tests as well as tests that address potential correlated but omitted variables suggest that financial transparency is an important tool which regulators can use in battling tax avoidance.
Impact of Medical Scribes on Provider Efficiency in the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Addesso Luke C. , Nimmer Mark , Visotcky Alexis , Fraser Raphael , Brousseau David C.
Published: August 2018

Objectives

Today's emergency department (ED) providers spend a significant amount of time on medical record documentation, decreasing clinical productivity. One proposed solution is to utilize medical scribes who assist with documentation. We hypothesized that scribes would increase provider productivity and increase provider satisfaction without affecting patient experience or nursing satisfaction.

Methods

We conducted an observational pre‐post study comparing ED prescribe and postscribe clinical productivity metrics for 18 pediatric emergency medicine physicians, two general pediatricians, and two nurse practitioners working in the 12‐bed nonurgent area of the pediatric ED. Productivity metrics included patients per hour (pts/hr), work relative value units per hour (wRVUs/hr), and visit duration measured for 1 year pre‐ and postscribe implementation. Cross‐sectional satisfaction surveys were administered to patient families, providers, and nurses during the initial scribe rollout.

Results

Overall, 24,518 prescribe and 27,062 postscribe visits were analyzed. Following scribe implementation, overall provider efficiency increased by 0.24 pts/hr (11.98%, p < 0.001) and 0.72 wRVUs/hr (20.14%, p < 0.001). The largest efficiency increase (0.36 pts/hr, 0.96 wRVUs/hr) occurred in January–March, when ED census peaked. Patient visit duration was 53 minutes in both the prescribe and the postscribe periods. During initial scribe implementation, 80% of parents of patients without a scribe rated the visit as very good/great compared to 84% with a scribe (p = 0.218). Of the 34 providers surveyed, 88% preferred working with a scribe. A majority of providers (82%) felt that their skills were used more effectively when working with a scribe, decreasing their likelihood of experiencing burnout. Of the 43 nurses surveyed, 51% preferred scribes and 47% were indifferent.

Conclusions

Medical scribes increased ED efficiency without decreasing patient satisfaction. Providers strongly favored the use of scribes, while nurses were indifferent. The next steps include a cost analysis of the scribe program.
Close‐distance courtship of laboratory reared Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Ekanayake Wasala M T D , Clarke Anthony R , Schutze Mark K
Published: August 2018

Close‐range courtship behaviours are a critical element of a species' biology but, if rapid, can often be overlooked. Beyond male chemical and audio calling, close‐range courtship interactions leading to copulation in the Queensland fruit fly Bactrocera tryoni are unknown; this may be due to a true absence or because they have been overlooked and not previously investigated. We sought to resolve the close‐range courtship sequence of B. tryoni and construct an ethogram of identified behaviours. Close‐range video recordings of B. tryoni courtship were taken during the dusk mating window and an ethogram constructed by combining all observed behaviours which led to successful copulation and unsuccessful copulation. While the previously well‐recognised male wing fanning behaviour was documented, a number of other behaviours were identified for the first time in B. tryoni courtship, including female ovipositor extension, and both male and female synchronous supination, face‐to‐face contact, and fore‐ and hind leg interactions. Analyses showed that the total duration of male synchronous supination, but not the number of occurrences, differed significantly between successful and unsuccessful males. Male foreleg interaction with the female abdomen was significantly different in both total duration and total number of occurrences between successful and unsuccessful males. The results reinforce data obtained from other Bactrocera species of simplified courtship sequences in these flies in comparison with other tephritid genera, but nevertheless courtship is more complex than previously recognised.
The Fundamentals of Creativity
Authors: McPolin Emer
Published: August 2018

A better foundational knowledge of how creativity works can help your organization get more out of brainstorming and other attempts at innovation.

What if they gave a brainstorm and nobody came? Here are some suggestions for avoiding that situation—and for making your “solutionizing” more worthwhile.
Effective Design Methodologies
Authors: Asante Geanie
Published: August 2018

The last few decades have brought us a handful of methodologies that govern implementation; design thinking is only the latest. It's also possible to develop a synthesis of some of these. Which are you using?

Design thinking. Agile. Lean Six Sigma. Which to use, and why? A primer.
Impact Mapping: Chart Your Course to a Compelling Product
Authors: Wyse Deborah
Published: August 2018

Coming to us from the software development industry, impact mapping aims to draw the straightest line possible from beginning to end of a successful project.

Here's a methodology that can help your organization complete a successful project with the minimum of time and energy wasted.
Phenotypic selection on ponderosa pine seed and seedling traits in the field under three experimentally manipulated drought treatments
Authors: Warwell Marcus V. , Shaw Ruth G.
Published: August 2018

Drought‐related selection during seedling emergence and early development may play a strong role in adaptation. Yet this process is poorly understood and particularly so in relation to ongoing climate change. To evaluate drought‐induced differences in selection during early life stages, a total of 50 maternal families sampled from three climatically disparate ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosaDoug.) populations were grown from seed in two common garden field experiments at a location that was warmer and drier than seed origins. Three drought treatments were imposed experimentally. Phenotypic selection was assessed by relating plant fitness measured as survival or unconditional expected height at age 3 to seed density (mass per unit volume), date of emergence, and timing of shoot elongation. In the year of emergence from seed, differential mortality was particularly strong and clearly indicated selection. In contrast, selection in subsequent years was far less pronounced. Phenotypes with high seed density, an intermediate but relatively early emergence date, and high 2nd‐year early‐season shoot elongation exhibited the greatest estimated fitness under drought. The form of selection varied among seed sources in relation to drought treatment. Selection was generally more acute in the cases of greatest difference between drought treatment and climatic patterns of precipitation at the site of seed origin. These results suggest that populations of ponderosa pine are differentially adapted to drought patterns associated with the climate of their origin. To the extent that the phenotypic traits examined are heritable or correlated with heritable traits, our results provide insight into how tree populations may evolve in response to drought.
Walking in a heterogeneous landscape: Dispersal, gene flow and conservation implications for the giant panda in the Qinling Mountains
Authors: Ma Tianxiao , Hu Yibo , Russo Isa‐Rita M. , Nie Yonggang , Yang Tianyou , Xiong Lijuan , Ma Shuai , Meng Tao , Han Han , Zhang Ximing , Bruford Michael W. , Wei Fuwen
Published: August 2018

Understanding the interaction between life history, demography and population genetics in threatened species is critical for the conservations of viable populations. In the context of habitat loss and fragmentation, identifying the factors that underpin the structuring of genetic variation within populations can allow conservationists to evaluate habitat quality and connectivity and help to design dispersal corridors effectively. In this study, we carried out a detailed, fine‐scale landscape genetic investigation of a giant panda population from the Qinling Mountains for the first time. With a large microsatellite data set and complementary analysis methods, we examined the role of isolation‐by‐barriers (IBB), isolation‐by‐distance (IBD) and isolation‐by‐resistance (IBR) in shaping the pattern of genetic variation in this giant panda population. We found that the Qinling population comprises one continuous genetic cluster, and among the landscape hypotheses tested, gene flow was found to be correlated with resistance gradients for two topographic factors, slope aspect and topographic complexity, rather than geographical distance or barriers. Gene flow was inferred to be facilitated by easterly slope aspect and to be constrained by topographically complex landscapes. These factors are related to benign microclimatic conditions for both the pandas and the food resources they rely on and more accessible topographic conditions for movement, respectively. We identified optimal corridors based on these results, aiming to promote gene flow between human‐induced habitat fragments. These findings provide insight into the permeability and affinities of giant panda habitats and offer important reference for the conservation of the giant panda and its habitat.
The Social Creation of Morality and Complicity in Collective Harms: A Kantian Account
Authors: Williams Garrath
Published: August 2018

This article considers the charge that citizens of developed societies are complicit in large‐scale harms, using climate destabilisation as its central example. It contends that we have yet to create a lived morality – a fabric of practices and institutions – that is adequate to our situation. As a result, we participate in systematic injustice, despite all good efforts and intentions. To make this case, the article draws on recent discussions of Kant's ethics and politics. Section 2 considers Tamar Schapiro's account of how otherwise decent actions can be corrupted by others’ betrayals, and hence fall into complicity. Section 3 turns to discussions by Christine Korsgaard and Lucy Allais, which highlight how people can be left without innocent choices if shared frameworks of interaction do not instantiate core ideals. Section 4 brings these ideas together in order to make sense of the charge of complicity in grave collective harms, and addresses some worries that the idea of unavoidable complicity may raise.
Low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 6 regulates alternative pre‐mRNA splicing
Authors: Yuan Tianyou , Wang Shiyi , Hu Chaoyue , Wu Yufei , Liang Dandan , Li Li , Liu Yi , Li Jun , Chen Yi‐Han
Published: August 2018

Low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 6 (LRP6) serves as a Wnt coreceptor. Although Wnt/LRP6 signalling is best known for the β‐catenin‐dependent regulation of target genes in tissue development and homeostasis, emerging evidence demonstrates the biological aspects of LRP6 beyond a Wnt coreceptor. Whether LRP6 modulates tissue development in a Wnt/β‐catenin signalling‐independent manner remains unknown. Using a model of striated muscle development, we observed that LRP6 was almost undetectable in proliferating myoblasts, whereas its expression gradually increased in the nucleus of myodifferentiating cells. During myodifferentiation, LRP6 modulated the muscle‐specific splicing of integrin‐β1D and consequent myotube maturation independently of the β‐catenin‐dependent Wnt signalling. Furthermore, we identified that the carboxy‐terminal serine‐rich region in LRP6 bond to the adenine‐rich sequence within alternative exon D (AED) of integrin‐β1 pre‐mRNA, and therefore, elicited AED inclusion when the spliceosome was recruited to the splice site. The interaction of LRP6 with the adenine‐rich sequence was sufficient to overcome AED exclusion by a splicing repressor, polypyrimidine tract binding protein‐1. Besides the integrin‐β1, deep RNA sequencing in different types of cells revealed that the LRP6‐mediated splicing regulation was widespread. Thus, our findings implicate LRP6 as a potential regulator for alternative pre‐mRNA splicing.
The comparison of risk of stroke in patients with peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Boonpheng Boonphiphop , Thongprayoon Charat , Cheungpasitporn Wisit
Published: August 2018

Objective

Several studies have demonstrated that end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on dialysis are at higher risk for cerebrovascular events, especially those on hemodialysis. However, the risk of stroke in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) compared to those on hemodialysis (HD) remains unclear. We performed this meta‐analysis to assess the risks of stroke in ESRD patients on PD compared to HD.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane databases from inception through January 2018 to identify studies that evaluated the risks of stroke (all types of stroke, ischemic stroke or hemorrhagic stroke) in ESRD patients on different dialysis modalities. Effect estimates from the individual study were extracted and combined using random‐effect, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird.

Results

Fifteen cohort studies with a total of 1 289 572 ESRD patients (over 1 140 942 on HD and 122 534 on PD) were enrolled. Compared with HD, PD was associated with a significantly decreased risk of hemorrhagic stroke with pooled OR of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.76‐0.92). However, there were no differences in risks of all types of stroke or ischemic stroke in those on PD compared to HD with pooled ORs of 1.06 (95% CI: 0.91‐1.22) and 1.01 (95% CI: 0.80‐1.18,), respectively.

Conclusions

PD status is associated with 16% lower risk of hemorrhagic stroke compared to HD, but the risks of all types of stroke and hemorrhagic stroke are not statistically different in PD patients when compared to HD patients.
Iteroparity of stream resident masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou
Authors: Morita Kentaro , Tsuboi Jun‐ichi , Sahashi Genki , Kikko Takeshi , Ishizaki Daisuke , Kishi Daisuke , Endo Shinsuke , Koseki Yusuke
Published: August 2018

The degree of iteroparity in stream‐resident forms of masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou was examined using mark–recapture studies in natural streams. In a partially migratory population, at least 10% of resident males survived after maturation and repeatedly matured for up to 5 years. In the landlocked amago salmon subspecies, the post‐maturation survival rate was at least 7% and repeat maturation was observed for up to 3 years for both males and females.
Daily growth patterns and age‐at‐recruitment of the anchoveta Engraulis ringens as indicated by a multi‐annual analysis of otolith microstructure across developmental stages
Authors: Plaza Guido , Cerna Francisco , Landaeta Mauricio F. , Hernández Alejandra , Contreras Jorge E.
Published: August 2018

The anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) plays a key role in the ecology of the Humboldt Current System and is of major economic importance; however, many aspects of its early life history are still poorly understood. In this study, an analysis of daily age and length patterns was carried out using the sagittal otoliths from wild larvae (0–0.2 cm standard length, LS), pre‐recruits (3–6 cm total length, LT), recruits (7–12 cm LT) and young adults (12–15 cm LT). Additionally, variability in growth and age at recruitment (AR) were evaluated for recruits caught in northern Chile in 1973, 1982, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015. The age–length relationship showed four allometric patterns that were well described by Laird‐Gompertz models. The absolute growth rates at the inflexion point (GAR) were 0.56, 0.75, 1.22 and 1.16 mm d−1 for larvae, pre‐recruits, recruits and young adults, respectively. At the interannual scale, GAR values were always >1 mm d−1 (mean ± S.D. 1.37 ± 0.21 mm d−1; range 1.12–1.64 mm d−1), irrespective of the season of hatching (i.e. winter v. spring); additionally, in most cases, GAR values were reached before the second month of life (mean ± S.D. 50.47 ± 9.73 days) at c. 4 cm LT (mean ± S.D. 4.22 ± 0.29 cm). Mean AR was < 150 days (112 ± 29 days; range 75–149 days); in contrast, estimates of AR were higher and growth rates were lower in 1973, 1983 and 2000. These results demonstrate very fast growth and early AR of anchoveta in northern Chile, suggesting most fish are removed by the fisheries at very early ages. An evaluation of the implications of these results on stock assessment and management of this species is highly recommended.
Evaluation of an antigen assay for diagnosing acute and chronic hepatitis E genotype 4 infection
Authors: Zhang Haiying , Rao Huiying , Wang Yijin , Wang Jianghua , Kong Xiangsha , Ji Ying , Zhu Ling , Liu Yan , Fang Jilian , Yang Ming , Luo Bifen , Wang Zhenyu , Shi Yijun , Wang Yu , Wang Hao , Zhao Jingmin , Wei Lai
Published: August 2018

Background and Aim

Results obtained from different hepatitis E virus (HEV) tests are usually inconsistent. The detection of serum HEV antigen (Ag) has been suggested to be more sensitive for the diagnosis of genotypes 1 and 3 HEV.

Methods

We compared the diagnostic accuracies of serum HEV Ag and HEV RNA by using 202 serum samples from patients suspected acute viral hepatitis.

Results

The HEV Ag assay was 100% specific. The lower detected levels of viremia ranged from 102 to 103 copies/mL. The sensitivity of the HEV Ag test was 90.5%. One of the 42 cases was negative for anti‐HEV IgM, but HEV Ag was still detectable. The detectable period of HEV Ag was in concordance with the detectable period of HEV RNA. Serum HEV Ag was persistently detected in two cases of chronic hepatitis E, confirmed by the persistent presence of HEV RNA despite being negative for anti‐HEV IgM. HEV Ag demonstrated good consistency with positive HEV RNA (k = 0.938, P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis of HEV Ag suggested a second cut‐off value of >0.095 to predict HEV patients with 95.24% sensitivity and 98.75% specificity, and the area under the curve was 0.9887, which was higher than that of three commercial anti‐HEV IgM ELISA tests.

Conclusions

The presence of HEV Ag has good consistency with HEV RNA in both acute and chronic genotype 4 hepatitis E. HEV Ag is a more promising serum marker to identify active genotype 4 HEV infection than anti‐HEV IgM and HEV RNA.
Impact of single‐plane versus Bi‐plane imaging on procedural time, fluorescence time, and contrast medium volume in retrograde chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Fang Hsiu‐Yu , Wu Chiung‐Jen , Lee Wei‐Chieh
Published: August 2018

Objective

The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of single‐plane and bi‐plane imaging on procedural time, fluorescence time, and contrast medium volume in retrograde chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods

Between January 2008 and December 2015, a total of 359 patients received scheduled retrograde CTO PCI and were enrolled in the study; 119 patients underwent PCI by single‐plane imaging, and another 240 patients underwent PCI by bi‐plane imaging.

Results

A 95.0% rate of technical success was noted in the single‐plane imaging group, and a 95.8% rate of technical success was noted in the bi‐plane imaging group. All patients received the CTO approach via the retrograde method, and the retrograde method success rate was 88.2% in single‐plane imaging group, and 81.7% in the bi‐plane imaging group. A longer procedural time (153.73 ± 53.15 vs 172.88 ± 61.30 min; P = 0.004), longer fluorescence time (71.40 ± 25.96 vs 80.95 ± 34.70 min; P = 0.008), and more contrast medium volume (342.77 ± 102.25 vs 394.58 ± 156.41 mL; P = 0.001) were noted in the bi‐plane imaging group. After propensity score match, a longer procedural time, longer fluorescence time, and more contrast volume was noted in bi‐plane group.

Conclusion

Bi‐plane imaging could not decrease procedural time, fluorescence time, and contrast medium volume in retrograde CTO PCI.
Impact of acute kidney injury in elderly (≥80 years) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Leistner David M. , Münch Charlotte , Steiner Julia , Erbay Aslihan , Riedel Matthias , Gebhard Cathérine , Lauten Alexander , Landmesser Ulf , Stähli Barbara E.
Published: August 2018

Objectives

This study sought to investigate the prevalence and impact of acute kidney injury (AKI) in elderly patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Background

AKI may complicate PCI and has been associated with worse outcomes. Data on AKI following PCI in elderly patients are scarce.

Methods

A total of 458 elderly (≥80 years) patients undergoing PCI at Charité—University Medicine Berlin between January 2009 and December 2014 were stratified according to the presence/absence of AKI. The primary endpoint was all‐cause mortality. The secondary endpoint was rate of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), a composite of all‐cause mortality, non‐fatal myocardial infarction, non‐fatal stroke, and rehospitalization for heart failure. Median follow‐up was 280 (interquartile range 22‐1190) days.

Results

Of the 458 patients, 125 (27.3%) developed AKI following PCI. Age >90 years, congestive heart failure, and C‐reactive protein at presentation emerged as independent predictors of AKI. All‐cause mortality was 20.0% and 8.4% in patients with and without AKI (P = 0.001), and corresponding rates of MACE were 39.2% and 26.4% (P = 0.01), respectively. The occurrence of AKI was associated with an increased risk of all‐cause mortality (adjusted HR 2.41, 95%CI 1.12‐5.17, P = 0.02) and MACE (adjusted HR 1.75, 95%CI 1.15‐2.67, P = 0.01).

Conclusions

AKI occurs in a third of elderly (≥80 years) patients undergoing PCI and is associated with increased mortality. These findings underline the unmet clinical need to identify novel strategies for the prevention of AKI in this high‐risk patient subset.
Moral Biocitizenship: Discursively Managing Food and the Body after Bariatric Surgery
Authors: SturtzSreetharan Cindi L. , Trainer Sarah , Wutich Amber , Brewis Alexandra A.
Published: August 2018

In the U.S. large bodies are associated with disorder and lack of control. Reclaiming control can take various forms. Drawing on interviews with eight men who have undergone bariatric surgery, we analyze the specific ways in which they discursively retake control of food, their eating habits, and ultimately their bodies. They accomplish this in two ways: 1) by both (re)categorizing food and transforming the way they consume food, the men linguistically locate their bodies within a sphere of moral biocitzenship; 2) through indexicality and speaking as experience, these men describe themselves as exerting appropriate control over their bodies and food on their own terms.
“The C‐Word” Meets “the N‐Word”: The Slur‐Once‐Removed and the Discursive Construction of “Reverse Racism”
Authors: Bax Anna
Published: August 2018

This article examines one strategy in the discursive construction of so‐called reverse racism: the slur‐once‐removed, a linguistic construction in the form the X‐word, used to euphemize slurs. Building on structural similarity to the N‐word, the C‐word has emerged as a euphemism for cracker. Using dialogic syntax and stance theory, the article analyzes media debates surrounding the George Zimmerman murder trial to argue that the parallelism of form between the C‐word and the N‐word constructs their referents as similarly harmful. Euphemizing cracker as the C‐word indexes cracker as a racist slur, and by extension discursively constructs the phenomenon of reverse racism.
“There's No Way This Isn't Racist”: White Women Teachers and the Raciolinguistic Ideologies of Teaching Code‐Switching
Authors: Daniels Julia R.
Published: August 2018

This paper analyzes data from a Participatory Action Research project with four White women teachers who work in U.S. secondary schools that serve predominately students of color. This critical analysis examines the consequences of the White women teachers’ racialized identities for the language practices, language teaching, and racialized language ideologies in their classrooms. In particular, this paper focuses on the teachers’ relationships to teaching their students of color to “code‐switch” to English language practices deemed “standard.” This paper uses the White teachers’ relationships to teaching code‐switching to their students of color as a prism through which to explicate the entangling of race and language in classrooms.
Smell Is Coded in Grammar and Frequent in Discourse: Cha'palaa Olfactory Language in Cross‐Linguistic Perspective
Authors: Floyd Simeon , Roque Lila San , Majid Asifa
Published: August 2018

It has long been claimed that there is no lexical field of smell, and that smell is of too little validity to be expressed in grammar. We demonstrate both claims are false. The Cha'palaa language (Ecuador) has at least 15 abstract smell terms, each of which is formed using a type of classifier previously thought not to exist. Moreover, using conversational corpora we show that Cha'palaa speakers also talk about smell more than Imbabura Quechua and English speakers. Together, this shows how language and social interaction may jointly reflect distinct cultural orientations towards sensory experience in general and olfaction in particular.
Fair optimal tax with endogenous productivities
Authors: Fleurbaey Marc , Valletta Giacomo
Published: August 2018

We consider a model where agents differ in their preferences about consumption, labor, and human capital. Moreover, choosing a certain level of human capital, agents can differently affect their endogenous earning ability. Finally, agents differ in their human capital disposition: different agents face a different cost to acquire a certain amount of human capital. In this framework we study the problem of assessing tax reforms when a policy maker wants to reduce inequalities due to unequal skills while accepting inequalities due to diverse preferences. Consistent with the findings of the fair income taxation literature, when evaluating a tax reform, in order to obtain a social improvement one should always give priority to agents with the most disadvantaged characteristics who work full time. However, in our framework, this corresponds to a whole range of earnings depending on the corresponding level of human capital. We show how subsidies on human capital affect the level of earnings that gets most priority in order to single out more precisely the population that should be the focus of the reform. Relying on these findings we also study the shape of the optimal tax function.
Royalties, entry, and spectrum allocation to the broadcasting industry: A corrigendum
Authors: Levy Amnon , Caputo Michael R. , Freyens Benoît Pierre
Published: August 2018

The purpose of the corrigendum is to correct the list of authors to a previously published article in Journal of Public Economic Theory.
Mate preferences in Argentinean transgender people: An evolutionary perspective
Authors: Arístegui Inés , Castro Solano Alejandro , Buunk Abraham P.
Published: August 2018

Transgender people provide a unique opportunity to examine the effect of biological sex versus gender identity on mating preferences. This study aimed at identifying the mate characteristics that are most and least valued by transgender people and at examining to what extent their biological sex or their gender identity determined their mate preferences. A convenience sample of 134 male‐to‐female (MTF) and 94 female‐to‐male (FTM) individuals from Argentina rated Buss's list of 18 mate attributes. Compared to FTM, MTF individuals placed significantly more emphasis on attractiveness and socioeconomic status, whereas FTM, more than MTF individuals, valued partners with a dependable character. Although biological sex differences were present in both groups, providing support to the evolutionary theory, MTF individuals valued the same characteristics as both biological male and female individuals do.
First detection of human T‐lymphotropic virus in blood donors in Benin shows that testing is required to improve blood safety
Authors: Amoussa Adjile Edjide Roukiyath , Kashima Simone , Djobessi Didier , Barreto Fernanda Khouri , Davou Denise , Bigot Andre , Anani Ludovic , Lourenço Jose , Giovanetti Marta , Sabino Ester , Rahimy Mohamed Cherif , Alcantara Luiz Carlos Junior
Published: August 2018

Introduction

Human T‐lymphotropic virus (HTLV) is a blood‐borne infection that can be transmitted via blood transfusion. Knowing that blood safety can improve blood transfusion to prevent dissemination of viral infections in medical facilities, there is no routine pre‐transfusion screening for HTLV in all blood banks in the Republic of Benin. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of HTLV infection in blood donors and describes the characteristics of positive donors.

Methods

A HTLV prevalence study was carried out by screening 2,035 samples by an enzyme‐linked immunoassay obtained from six blood banks located throughout the Republic of Benin. The PCR method was used to confirm and type all the ELISA reactive samples.

Results and discussion

Twelve subjects, all volunteer blood donors, were found with positive serology confirmed by a specific HTLV type 1 PCR assay, representing an overall seroprevalence of 0·59%. Furthermore, seven subjects were indeterminate for anti‐HTLV‐1/2 antibody and only one sample was confirmed positive for HTLV type 1 in a PCR reaction. These are the first cases of HTLV detection among blood donors in Benin Republic, whose blood was already transfused to recipients. This result emphasizes that HTLV needs to be considered as a Public Health issue in the Republic of Benin.

Conclusion

This study reports positive result of HTLV infection among blood donors in the blood banks of Benin Republic in West Africa and highlights the inclusion of screening tests and strategies to reduce its transmission.
Evaluating the Effect of 12 Weeks Football Training on the Posture of Young Male Basketball Players
Authors: Kaplan Defne Öcal
Published: August 2018

Posture is the most healthy and correct placement of each region in the body when compared to the whole body. The predominantly use of one side of the body disrupts the posture. A bad posture changes the center of gravity of the body and causes chronic skeletal and muscle soreness. It is aimed to determine whether there is a rehabilitative effect of football training that does not require the use of dominant arms on posture asymmetries which may occur in the basketball which requires the use of dominant arm and leg in the study.15 male basketball players who played basketball for an average of 8 years with a mean age of 21.7 ± 1.5 years participated as volunteers. Postures of the subjects were measured with PostureScreen Mobile® before and after 12 week football trainings with lateral and anteriorly taken photographs. SPSS 22 was used program for statistical analysis. While analyzing of data Wilcoxon Test method was used and it is determined as significance level was p<0.05.After 12 weeks of football training, statistically significant differences were found in measurements taken from the anterior and lateral positions on the head, shoulder, ribcage, hip, and knee measured tilts and shifts. Estimated average head weight decreased depending on the posture of the cervical vertebrae and a significant difference was detected. Postures of subjects came close to the correct posture.Basketball is an acycle sport branch that requires the use of muscles on the dominant side. It creates an asymmetric position on the athlete due to this feature; causes shifting and tilts. In order to eliminate postural disorders that occur, the effectiveness of football training that does not require to use of the dominant side of the body has been demonstrated.
Relationship between Math Teachers’ Instructional Styles and Their Educational Philosophical Backgrounds
Authors: Atasoy Ercan , Yangın Selami , Tolu Hüseyin
Published: August 2018

The governance of a particular educational philosophy is indispensable for any developed nation in the sense of ruling and governing over its current and future political sociology. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the relationships between mathematics teachers' applied instructional styles and their identified educational philosophical backgrounds. The study was conducted on 124 math teachers working in secondary schools during the 2016-2017 education years. This study aims to use a quantitative research method through the "Philosophical Preference Rating Scale" and the "Teaching Style Scale". The evidence indicates that teachers prefer personal model the most and authoritative teaching style the least. However, it is also determined that these teachers have predominantly experimentalist philosophical backgrounds. The least preferred philosophical approach is the existentialist understanding. In addition, teachers are able to predict their teaching styles, especially from idealistic, realistic, and perennial philosophical points. These indications inform us further on how and why the means of education system has remained much the same while education policies have been reformed many times throughout the recent years in Turkey.
Comparison of the Effect of Passive and Active Recovery, and Self-Myofascial Release Exercises on Lactate Removal and Total Quality of Recovery
Authors: Özsu İlbilge , Gurol Baris , Kurt Cem
Published: August 2018

Recovery from exercise-induced fatigue is crucial for subsequent performance. Self-myofascial release (SMR) using a foam roller is an alternative to active recovery (AR). This study aims to compare the effects of passive recovery (PR), AR, and SMR on blood lactate [La-] removal and total quality of recovery (TQR). Twenty-two well trained male athletes (age: 22.6±2.9 years) underwent three testing sessions conducted 72 hours apart but at the same time of each day in a randomized order. After determining resting [La-] and heart rate (HR), the subjects completed a Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT), triggering muscular fatigue. HR and [La-] were measured threeminutes after the WAnT, following which the subjects underwent one of the three different recovery interventions over 15 minutes: PR (lying supine), AR (cycling at 40% of the estimated maximum HR of the respective subject), and SMR (using foam roller on lower extremity muscles). After each recovery intervention, [La-], HR, and TQR were measured. There was no statistically significant difference in [La-] and HR values obtained before the WAnT test (p=0.368, p=0.691, respectively) and right after the WAnT test (0.264, p=0.629) Both AR and SMR were more effective than PR for [La-] removal and obtaining a higher TQR (p<0.001). However, SMR and AR were not superior to one another for blood [La-] removal (p>0.05). In contrast, a significantly higher TQR was observed with SMR than AR and PR (p<0.001). Athletes can apply AR or SMR to recover from strenuous exercise. SMR can be an alternative to PR and AR as a recovery tool.
“Construcción de adolescencia”: una concepción histórica y social inserta en las políticas públicas
Authors: García Suárez Carlos Iván , Parada Rico Doris Amparo
Published: August 2018

Los estadios del curso de la vida tienen una naturaleza tanto biológica como social y discurren en contextos históricos, culturales, sociales y políticos diversos que los influencian y a su vez los transforman. Respecto a la adolescencia y a la connotación que de ella se hace en las políticas públicas, se devela principalmente desde una perspectiva estructuralista como una etapa etaria, prefijada, homogénea e inmanente; aislada de los sentidos y significados que cada sujeto y grupo social construye de sí mismo en el tiempo y espacio. La presente revisión tiene como objetivo analizar el abordaje y subjetividad que emerge de esta noción en las políticas públicas dirigidas para este grupo social. A partir de los hallazgos se evidencia que, desde una concepción acentuadamente funcionalista-estructuralista, se lucha por legitimar sistemas y una jerarquización social de edades para establecer intervenciones públicas que en su mayoría se dan bajo la mirada adultocentrista.
The Corn Wolf. Michael Taussig
Authors: Suárez Guava Luis Alberto
Published: August 2018

Michael TaussigChicago - Londres: University of Chicago Press,2015. 224 pp.
Mobilidade noturna: estudo sobre os circuitos urbanos noturnos na cidade do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Ferreira de Góis Marcos Paulo
Published: August 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é compreender algumas estratégias da população para se deslocar durante o período noturno na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Neste sentido, a pesquisa envolveu procedimentos de observação direta dos circuitos, meios de deslocamento, práticas e seus respectivos horários, ritmos e interações sociais. Em meio à multiplicidade de estratégias se percebeu que alguns padrões organizam os circuitos, denotando um profundo sentido relacional na mobilidade e sua dependência dos sistemas de transporte. A associação da mobilidade noturna aos centros de lazer é uma característica que marca os principais padrões e circuitos da noite do Rio, nas mais diferentes escalas de manifestação do fenômeno, revelando um desafio para a gestão urbana em um cenário de expansão das relações sociais no período noturno.
Entre rieles y asfalto. Bogotá, transporte y vida urbana: 1938-1954
Authors: Prieto Páez Leopoldo
Published: August 2018

A mediados del siglo XX Bogotá se encontraba inmersa en un proceso de transformación profundo y complejo, agenciado por dos factores fundamentales: el crecimiento demográfico desbordado y la extensión de la urbanización mucho más allá de los límites urbanos permitidos. Un componente fundamental que acompañó este proceso fue la transformación de las formas y medios de locomoción de los habitantes de la ciudad, determinado por el incremento de vehículos, la transformación del modelo de transporte público y la búsqueda de alternativas ante las consecuencias que produjeron los dos aspectos mencionados. El objetivo de este artículo es entender cuál fue el costo social que debió asumir en términos de movilidad la capital colombiana para convertirse en una urbe “moderna”. La expectativa radica, por tanto, en que a partir del análisis de los diferentes aspectos mencionados sobre movilidad de la ciudad, se pueda entender la difícil negociación entre cambios urbanísticos y formas de habitar la ciudad.
Racionalidades de gobierno en medio y a través de la guerra reciente en Colombia
Authors: Muñoz-Onofre Darío , Muñoz-Onofre Darío
Published: August 2018

Los resultados de investigación que presento en este artículo remiten al análisis de cuatro racionalidades de gobierno que se desplegaron en Colombia con la radicalización de la guerra en 2002 y durante el resto de la década: polarizar el conflicto, garantizar la soberanía, gestionar una población favorable a la guerra y asegurar la inversión transnacional. A partir de un heterogéneo archivo de prácticas históricas, que no se centran exclusivamente en el Estado, reconozco los mecanismos de normalización de la guerra y de gestión de su aceptabilidad en la opinión pública, como una singular forma de gobierno. Finalmente, sitúo los alcances de este análisis y propongo algunos de los desafíos que actualmente enfrentamos en el país para avanzar en la finalización definitiva de la guerra.
Angiosarcoma cutáneo en la región nasal tratado con radioterapia: reporte de caso
Authors: Sánchez Forero Ricardo Antonio , Jaramillo García Luis Fernando , Ramírez Pazos Jerónimo
Published: August 2018

El angiosarcoma cutáneo es un tumor poco frecuente con tendencia a localizarse en la cabeza y el cuello, en especial en el cuero cabelludo y la cara. Es considerado un tumor de rápido crecimiento y frecuentemente hace metástasis a distancia. Su tratamiento no está claramente definido y es basado en estudios retrospectivos y reportes de caso. Al parecer, la mejor opción de manejo es la cirugía con resección local amplia y, en lo posible, con bordes negativos; posteriormente, radioterapia adyuvante, debido a la alta tasa de recaída que presentan estos tumores. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 91 años quien recibió manejo exclusivo con radioterapia hipofraccionada, quien presentó respuesta completa a los tres meses de finalizar y permaneció libre de enfermedad hasta la fecha de este reporte, 16 meses después de la radioterapia.
Investigación cualitativa reproducible: un camino que debemos empezar a recorrer
Authors: Muñoz Velandía Oscar Mauricio
Published: August 2018

El movimiento conocido como investigación reproducible (IR) ha venido ganando espacio dentro de la investigación cuantitativa como una forma de aumentar la confianza en sus resultados. El movimiento propone que los datos primarios y la codificación usada en el análisis de una investigación estén disponibles para que otros investigadores puedan verificar los resultados publicados y conducir análisis alternativos. Las ventajas asociadas a la IR aplican muy bien dentro del trabajo de los investigadores cualitativos, quienes no solo gozarían de mayor confianza y aceptación de los resultados de su investigación, sino que podrían beneficiarse al permitir que las personas interesadas entiendan sus hallazgos e, incluso, al favorecer la formación de redes de investigación y la construcción de conocimiento de forma colaborativa. Las limitaciones más grandes para que se pueda realizar investigación cualitativa (IC) reproducible están dadas por las restricciones éticas intrínsecas a hacer disponible de forma abierta los datos primarios y la codificación de los estudios. En el presente artículo se presentan algunas propuestas para superar estas dificultades, en lo referente al consentimiento informado y medidas para garantizar la confidencialidad de los datos, reconociendo que aún falta mucho camino superar estas dificultades. Así mismo, se presentan algunos pasos que ya se han avanzado para permitir que se desarrolle IC reproducible incluyendo el desarrollo de programas informáticos para el manejo de datos cualitativos, la disponibilidad de repositorios para hacer disponibles esos datos y los avances que se han desarrollado en la implementación de IR cuantitativa.
Plasminogenemia asociada a conjuntivitis leñosa
Authors: De Castro Hernández Melissa , Álvarez Guevara Angélica Natalia , De Los Reyes Valencia Iliana
Published: August 2018

El artículo presenta el caso clínico de un joven de 18 años de edad sin antecedente familiares de enfermedad crónica o hereditaria, nacido a término, sin complicaciones, quien desde los dos días de vida presentó una lesión tipo masa en la conjuntiva tarsal. Inicialmente, recibió tratamiento farmacológico tópico y seguimiento por oftalmología, por conjuntivitis bilateral persistente, masas tarsales recidivantes y cataratas en ambos ojos, por lo que requirió siete intervenciones con pobre respuesta al manejo farmacológico y quirúrgico. A los seis meses de vida se le diagnosticó hidrocefalia, que requirió manejo con derivación del ventrículo peritoneal. Dada la persistencia de la sintomatología y la refractariedad al tratamiento, se ampliaron los estudios y en una junta médica se sugirió el diagnóstico de conjuntivitis leñosa asociada a alteración del plasminógeno. Este diagnóstico fue confirmado por laboratorio clínico, que mostró sus bajas concentraciones de plasminógeno en muestras tomadas con intervalos de dos meses en tres ocasiones: 16,9%, 11,1%, 18,6% (valores de referencia: 70-150%). Se le indicó heparina de bajo peso molecular antes de procedimientos quirúrgicos mayores y triamcinolona tópica según síntomas oculares.