bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparative study on mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of different total solid content sludges produced in a long sludge-retention-time system
Authors: WANG YI , Wang Miao , Peng Jun , Wang Linping , Yang Jie , Kou Xiaomei , Chai Baohua , Gao Lijuan , Han Xiaofeng
Published: March 2022

Most waste sludge belongs to long sludge-retention-time (SRT) sludge in China, but its outlet is becoming a severe environmental problem nowadays. In this study, the characteristics of mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of long SRT sludge was investigated under different total solid content (TSC) of 4%, 6%, and 8% in batch reactors. The results showed that the methane production potential (P0) and methane production rate (Rmax) of thermophilic anaerobic digestion (TAD) were increased by about 60% and 200% compared with that of the mesophilic anaerobic digestion (MAD) at 4% TSC. In TAD groups, the P0 of 240.95 L/kg-VS and Rmax of 22.17 L/kg-VS/d were achieved in the reactor of 4% TSC while the inhibition concentration of propionate and free ammonia reached 1022 mg/L and 603 mg/L in the reactor of 8% TSC. Although the diversity of microbial community was poor in TAD, Coprothermobacter was enriched in TAD, which could degrade protein efficiently. In addition, the dewaterability of digested sludge in TAD was poorer than that in MAD, and both got worse with the increased TSC. Therefore, it is appropriate for the long SRT sludge to anaerobic digestion under thermophilic condition and lower TSC. So, thermophilic anaerobic digestion with lower TSC might be an alternative approach for the treatment and resource utilization of long SRT sludge.
Photocatalytic degradation activity of goji berry extract-mediated green synthesized antibacterial silver-zinc oxide nanocomposites under simulated solar light irradiation
Authors: Sharwani Abdulrahman Ahmed , Narayanan Kannan Badri , Khan Mohammad Ehtisham , Han Sung Soo
Published: March 2022

Green synthesis has gained extensive attention in material science because of its sustainability and eco-friendliness in producing a wide range of nanomaterials. This study demonstrated the photocatalytic and antimicrobial abilities of green synthesized silver-embedded zinc oxide nanocomposites (Ag@ZnO NCs). Zinc oxide with a unique mesoporous ellipsoidal morphology in size range of 0.59 ± 0.11 × 0.33 ± 0.09 µm (length × width) was synthesized using the aqueous extract of goji berry (ZnO-GB) by calcination in the air. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the formation of a hexagonal phase of wurtzite (WZ) structure. The average crystallite size of ZnO-GB was 23.74 ± 4.9 nm as calculated using Debye–Scherrer’s equation. It also possesses higher thermal stability with the surface area, pore-volume, and pore size of 11.77 m2/g, 0.027 cm3/g, and 9.52 nm, respectively. Furthermore, different mesoporous Ag@ZnO NCs embedded with face-centered cubic (fcc) silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in the range of 90–160 nm were synthesized by GB extract as a reducing and capping agent on the surface of ZnO-GB after calcination. The immobilization of Ag NPs was confirmed by XRD, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), FE-transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). It was found that Ag0.2@ZnO NC (0.2 wt% of Ag) showed excellent photocatalytic degradation of both methylene blue (MB) (cationic) and congo red (CR) (anionic) dyes under simulated solar irradiation. The photocatalytic degradation of 99.3 ± 0.35% MB and 98.5 ± 1.3% CR occurred in 90 and 55 min, respectively, at room temperature by Ag0.2@ZnO NC. Besides, these NCs also showed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The mechanistic concept of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) by electron and hole charge (e‾/h+) carriers seems to be responsible for the photocatalytic degradation of commercial dyes and antibacterial activities by Ag@ZnO NCs. Thus, these as-prepared green Ag@ZnO NCs are promising candidates as photocatalysts for industrial/wastewater treatment as well as in antimicrobial therapeutics.
Viable Vaccine Supply Chain Network Design by Considering Risk and Robustness
Authors: Lotfi Reza , Shafiei Reza Mohammad , Komeleh Masoumeh Ghavami , Pasha Fatemeh Gholizadeh , Ferasat Mohammad
Published: March 2022

Background:This research suggests a novel network design as a Viable Vaccine Supply Chain Network Design (VVSCND) by integrating sustainability, resiliency, and agility approach with risk and robustness. We propose a hybrid robust stochastic optimization by minimizing weighted expected and maximum cost function. We add sustainable, resiliency and agility requirements. These requirements include CO2 emission, flexible capacity with reliable and redundancy facilities and responsive SCND. Results:We locate SCND components and assign flow in the healthcare industry. The results show that the cost function of VVSCND is almost 0.04% greater than VSCND without risk and worst case. If the conservative coefficient increases up to 50%, the cost function will change 0.04%, but the time solution changes slightly. By growing 10% for agility coefficient, the cost function changed 0.34%. In addition, growing the resiliency coefficient increases the cost function, too. When the scale of problems increases, the time solution and cost function increase.Conclusions:Finally, this research suggests sustainability, agility, and resiliency for VSCND by considering risk and robustness for the first time. These requirements include CO2 emission, flexible capacity with reliable facilities and responsive SCND. As a result, we, as researchers and designers of SC, try to apply this type of VSCND to delivering vaccines on time because it causes to face pandemics and epidemics like COVID-19 as well as possible. It is possible to consider viability to increase cost, but we complied with sustainable, resiliency, and agility requirements. Effect of this form designing is a long time and decrease CO2 emissions, improve the level of responding to citizen and customers. Therefore, as a designer of VVSCND, we suggest to healthcare managers to use and apply comprehensive designing like VVSCND.
Precipitation Frequency in Med-CORDEX and EURO-CORDEX Ensembles from 0.44° to Convection-Permitting Resolution: Impact of Model Resolution and Convection Representation
Authors: Ha Minh Truong , Bastin S. , Drobinski P. , Fita L. , Polcher J. , Bock O. , Chiriaco M. , Belušić D. , Caillaud C. , Dobler A. , Fernandez J. , Goergen K. , Hodnebrog Ø. , Kartsios S. , Katragkou E. , Lavin-Gullon A. , Lorenz T. , Milovac J. , Panitz H.-J. , Sobolowski S. , Truhetz H. , Warrach-Sagi K. , Wulfmeyer V.
Published: March 2022

Recent studies using convection-permitting (CP) climate simulations have demonstrated a step-change in the representation of heavy rainfall and rainfall characteristics (frequency-intensity) compared to coarser resolution Global and Regional Climate models. The goal of this study is to better understand what explains the weaker frequency of precipitation in the CP ensemble by assessing the triggering process of precipitation in the different ensembles of regional climate simulations available over Europe. We focus on the statistical relationship between tropospheric temperature, humidity and precipitation to understand how the frequency of precipitation over Europe and the Mediterranean is impacted by model resolution and the representation of convection (parameterized vs. explicit). We employ a multi-model data-set with three different resolutions (0.44°, 0.11° and 0.0275°) produced in the context of the MED-CORDEX, EURO-CORDEX and the CORDEX Flagship Pilot Study "Convective Phenomena over Europe and the Mediterranean" (FPSCONV). The multi-variate approach is applied to all model ensembles, and to several surface stations where the integrated water vapor (IWV) is derived from Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements. The results show that all model ensembles capture the temperature dependence of the critical value of IWV (IWVcv), above which an increase in precipitation frequency occurs, but the differences between the models in terms of the value of IWVcv, and the probability of its being exceeded, can be large at higher temperatures. The lower frequency of precipitation in convection-permitting simulations is not only explained by higher temperatures but also by a higher IWVcv necessary to trigger precipitation at similar temperatures, and a lower probability to exceed this critical value. The spread between models in simulating IWVcv and the probability of exceeding IWVcv is reduced over land in the ensemble of models with explicit convection, especially at high temperatures, when the convective fraction of total precipitation becomes more important and the influence of the representation of entrainment in models thus becomes more important. Over lowlands, both model resolution and convection representation affect precipitation triggering while over mountainous areas, resolution has the highest impact due to orography-induced triggering processes. Over the sea, since lifting is produced by large-scale convergence, the probability to exceed IWVcv does not depend on temperature, and the model resolution does not have a clear impact on the results.
Application of Multinomial Logistic Regression to Model the Impact of Rainfall Genesis on the Performance of Storm Overflows: Case Study
Authors: Szeląg Bartosz , Suligowski Roman , Majewski Grzegorz , Bralewski Adrian , Bralewska Karolina , Anioł Ewa , Rogula-Kozłowska Wioletta , De Paola Francesco
Published: March 2022

In this study, a mathematical model was proposed to analyze the performance of storm overflows. The model included the influence of rainfall genesis on the duration of storm overflow, its volume, and the maximum instantaneous flow. The multinomial logistic regression model, which has not been used to model objects located in a stormwater system, was used to simulate the duration of storm overflow. The Iman–Conover method, involving theoretical cumulative distributions determined based on 30-year rainfall sequences, was adopted to simulate the rainfall characteristics describing the overflow performance (total and maximum 30-min rainfall depth and rainfall duration). Simulations showed a significant impact of rainfall genesis on the parameters of the storm overflow. The model presented in this work and the results obtained can be used at the dimensioning stage of storm overflows and to create an early warning system against undesirable phenomena in the stormwater system within urban catchments.
Assessment Of Nurses Knowledge And Associated Factors Toward Prevention And Management Of Cytotoxic Extravasation In Selected Public Hospitals Oncology Units, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Study.
Authors: Adugna Girma , Argaw Zeleke , Berhane Emebet
Published: March 2022

Background: Cytotoxic extravasation is a major adverse effect than the combinations of sepsis, neutropenia, mucositis and gastrointestinal disorders. Pain, immobility, irreversible damage to nerves, tissues and tendons, skin grafting and loss of extremities are the significant morbidities secondary to extravasation.Objective: The aim of this study was to assess nurse’s knowledge and associated factors toward prevention and management of cytotoxic extravasation in selected public hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was conducted at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital and Saint Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College that was purposely selected. A convenience sampling technique was employed for the selection of study participants. The data were collected by using a structured self-administered questionnaire. Data entry and cleaning were done by using Epi-Data version 4.6 and SPSS version 25. A logistic regression analysis technique was employed to evaluate the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable. Statistical significance was declared at p</=0.05. The data description is presented in the text, tables and graphic representation.Result: A total of 124 nurses voluntarily participated in the study with a response rate of 93.2% and 58.1% were female nurses. The majority (45.2%) of study participants are from the age group of 20-29 years. The mean (±SD) age was 31.86 (±5.987) years. A total of 34.7% of respondents had a good levels of knowledge to prevent and manage cytotoxic extravasation. Nurses who received training were 6.6 times more likely to have good knowledge of the prevention and management of cytotoxic extravasation; [AOR= 6.602 (2.705-16.109)].Conclusion and recommendation: Generally 65.3% of study participants had poor knowledge of the prevention and management of cytotoxic extravasation. A high number (66.9%) of nurses’ were not trained on cytotoxic extravasation. Supporting nurses working in cancer centers with continuous training programs to enhance their knowledge on extravasation should be a primary task.
Multiple isoforms of both HSP70 and HSP90 families required for betanodavirus multiplication in medaka cells
Authors: Okinaka Yasushi , Zenke Kosuke
Published: March 2022

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones and have recently been revealed to function as host factors (HFs) for virus multiplication in fish as well as in mammals, plants, and insects. HSPs are classified into some families and have some isoforms in each family. However, no comprehensive studies were performed to clarify the biological importance of multiple isoforms in a certain HSP family for fish virus multiplication. Betanodaviruses are the causative agents of viral nervous necrosis in cultured marine fish and cause very high mortality. Although the viral genome and encoded proteins have been characterized extensively, information on HFs for the virus is limited. In this study, therefore, we focused on HSP70 and HSP90 families to examine the importance of many isoforms in the families for betanodavirus multiplication. We found that HSP inhibitors (17-AAG, radicicol, and quercetin) suppressed viral RNA replication and production of progeny virus in infected medaka (Oryzias latipes) cells. A thermal stress or virus infection up-regulated the expression of some isoform genes and facilitated virus multiplication. Furthermore, overexpression and knockdown of some isoform genes revealed that HSP70-1, HSP70-2, HSP70-5, HSP90-α1, HSP90-α2, and HSP90-β isoforms played positive roles in virus multiplication in medaka. Collectively, these results suggest that not a few isoforms in fish HPS families serve as HFs for betanodavirus multiplication.
Correlation and clinical significance of serum amino acid level changes with TNM stage in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Qiao Shifeng , Feng Yang , Gao Yu , Yue Chuanchao , Ma Xueqian , Song Xiaoyu , Liu Jinhao , Chen Yanlei , Wang Yanping
Published: March 2022

Purpose: To explore the correlation between the changes of serum amino acid levels in colorectal cancer patients and TNM staging from the perspective of amino acid levels in human peripheral blood.Methods: The data of 723 colorectal cancer patients were collected and evaluated, and they were divided into T1, T2, T3, and T4 groups. The changes of amino acid levels in different stages and the correlation between serum amino acid levels and TNM stages were compared.Results: There were significant differences in the levels of Ala, Pro, and Val in different TNM stages (P<0.05). Serum Ala, Pro, and Val were negatively correlated with TNM stages (P<0.05).Conclusions: Serum Ala Pro Val level is correlated with TNM stage in patients with colorectal cancer. The higher TNM stage is, the lower serum Ala, Pro and Val level is. The identification of specific targeting factors required for tumor metabolism may lead to more effective therapies that limit the nutritional pathways of fatal cancers.
Hospital ethics committees in Japan: Current Status from an exploratory survey 2012–2015
Authors: Dowa Yuri , Takimoto Yoshiyuki , Kawai Masahiko , Shiihara Takashi
Published: March 2022

Background: Hospital ethics committees have gained importance in Japan. But there is no current status report for the last decade. Aim: To ascertain the status of Japanese hospital ethics committees, to clarify whether the prevalence of such committees differs based on the number of hospital beds, and to identify the requirements for sustaining such committees in practice. Subjects and Methods: A questionnaire survey was sent to 2,433 hospitals accredited by the Japan Council for Quality Health Care. Results: Of the 472 participating hospitals (19.4% response rate), 394 (83.5%) had established/were establishing their hospital ethics committee at the time of the study. The main reason for this was the evaluation of hospital functions by the Japan Council for Quality Health Care. Clinical ethics consultations were performed in 239 out of 394 hospitals (60.6%). A full ethics committee was adopted by 149 out of 239 hospitals (62.3%). Conclusion: Full ethics committees are common in Japan. Clinical ethics consultations have not yet been recognized as an activity for hospital ethics committees to carry out.
Unsupervised strategies for identifying optimal parameters in Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Moussa Charles , Wang Hao , Bäck Thomas , Dunjko Vedran
Published: March 2022

As combinatorial optimization is one of the main quantum computing applications, many methods based on parameterized quantum circuits are being developed. In general, a set of parameters are being tweaked to optimize a cost function out of the quantum circuit output. One of these algorithms, the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm stands out as a promising approach to tackle combinatorial problems, due to many interesting properties. However finding the appropriate parameters is a difficult task. Although QAOA exhibits concentration properties, they can depend on instances characteristics which may not be easy to identify, but may nonetheless offer useful information to find good parameters. In this work, we study unsupervised Machine Learning approaches for setting these parameters without optimization. We perform clustering with the angle values but also instances encodings (using instance features or the output of a variational graph autoencoder), and compare different approaches. These angle-fiding strategies can be used to reduce calls to quantum circuits when leveraging QAOA as a subroutine. We showcase them within Recursive-QAOA up to depth 3 where the number of QAOA parameters used per iteration is limited to 3, achieving a median approximation ratio of 0.94 for MaxCut over 200 Erdős-Rényi graphs. We obtain similar performances to the case where we extensively optimize the angles, hence saving numerous circuit calls.
Environmentally Relevant Atrazine Exposure Leads to Increases in DNA Damage and Changes in Morphology in the Hepatopancreas of Crayfish (Faxonius Virilis)
Authors: Belanger Rachelle , Hadeed Mohammad , Castiglione Carlie , Chammout Diana , Crile Karen , Abdulelah Sara , Rampuri Ebrahim , Grabowski Gregory , Maalhagh-Fard Ali , Saleem Sayf
Published: March 2022

Exposure to the herbicide atrazine at environmentally relevant concentrations has been shown to negatively impact aquatic organisms, including crayfish. Because xenobiotics are concentrated in the crayfish hepatopancreas (digestive gland), we examined changes in morphology and DNA damage in hepatopancreatic tissue structure and cells following a 10-day exposure to atrazine (0, 10, 40, 80, 100 and 300 ppb). We found that there were marked morphological changes, post-exposure, for all atrazine concentrations tested. Hepatopancreatic tissue exhibited degenerated tubule epithelium with necrosis of microvilli, tubule lumen dilation and vacuolization of the epithelium. These changes increased in a dose-dependent manner. Likewise, we also performed a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay which showed the percentage of cells with DNA damage increased following atrazine exposure. Crayfish hepatopancreatic tissue displayed significant increases in TUNEL-positive cells following exposure to atrazine at 100 ppb and above. Overall, exposure to atrazine at environmentally relevant concentrations damages hepatopancreatic tissue, leading to an inability to detoxify atrazine and a potential to bioaccumulate atrazine long-term.
Designing Optimized Drug Candidates With Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Abbasi Maryam , Santos Beatriz P. , Pereira Tiago C. , Sofia Raul , Monteiro Nelson R. C. , Simões Carlos J. V. , Brito Rui , Ribeiro Bernardete , Oliveira Jose L. , Arrais Joel P.
Published: March 2022

Drug design is an important area of study for pharmaceutical businesses. However, low efficacy, off-target delivery, time consumption, and high cost are challenges and can create barriers that impact this process. Deep Learning models are emerging as a promising solution to perform de novo drug design, i.e., to generate drug-like molecules tailored to specific needs. However, stereochemistry was not explicitly considered in the generated molecules, which is inevitable in targeted-oriented molecules. This paper proposes a framework based on Feedback Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) that includes optimization strategy by incorporating Encoder-Decoder, GAN, and Predictor deep models interconnected with a feedback loop. The Encoder-Decoder converts the string notations of molecules into latent space vectors, effectively creating a new type of molecular representation. At the same time, the GAN can learn and replicate the training data distribution and, therefore, generate new compounds. The feedback loop is designed to incorporate and evaluate the generated molecules according to the desired property at every epoch of training to ensure a steady shift of the generated distribution towards the space of the targeted property. The results demonstrate that the proposed framework can generate realistic, novel molecules that span the chemical space. The proposed Encoder-Decoder model correctly reconstructs 99% of the datasets, including stereochemical information. The model's ability to find uncharted regions of the chemical space was successfully shown by optimizing the unbiased GAN to generate molecules with a high binding affinity to the Kappa Opioid and Adenosine A2a Receptor. Furthermore, the generated compounds exhibit high internal and external diversity levels 0.88 and 0.94, respectively, and uniqueness.
Universe: the dynamics of the minimum and maximum expansion states (Time: the collateral dimension)
Authors: Petrakis Sócrates Georges
Published: March 2022

Two proposals stand out in describing the evolution of the Universe; the predominant one predicts that the present expansion began at a certain instant and will not preserve any variation of energy that performs work; apparent flat Universe (Ω = 1) is advocated by relativistic calculations and observational data, with an end at its maximum expansion (3D Space); the other proposal considers that the Universe is cyclical, always alternating phases of expansion and contraction. This article aims to demonstrate that these two views can be correct by not being distinct, but complementary. Supported by the immutability of physical laws, analyses of concepts define an exclusive presence of 1D Space in static states of minimum and maximum expansion of the Universe. With our Universe (3D Space) created and existing between these extremes states, the Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric, becomes inadequate for such an extension; therefore, the concept of absolute rest energy (1D Space) is applied, demonstrating that the complete evolution of the Universe is spatially dynamic in a perpetual time dimension, always recreating our Universe, and making possible a relative maintenance of any existence.
A comparison study of percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy and transforaminal discectomy for L5-S1 calcified lumbar disc herniation
Authors: Cheng Yuanpei , Cheng Xiaokang , Wu Han
Published: March 2022

Background: Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) is a relatively safe and effective minimally invasive surgery in the treatment of calcified lumbar disc herniation (CLDH). However, studies on percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy (PEID) and percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy (PETD) for CLDH have rarely been reported. This research aimed to compare the clinical efficacy of PEID and PETD for L5-S1 CLDH.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 54 consecutive patients with L5-S1 CLDH treated with PELD at our institution from August 2016 to August 2020. Patients were divided into PEID group (n = 28) and PETD (n = 26) group according to the surgical methods. The demographic characteristics and surgical results of the two groups were compared. Clinical outcomes were estimated by the visual analog scale (VAS) for leg pain, Oswestry disability index (ODI) and modified MacNab criteria.Results: All patients were successfully operated on by PEID or PETD. No significant differences in the demographic characteristics, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospital stay and complication rate were noted between the PEID and PETD groups. The excellent and good rates in the PEID group were similar to those in the PETD group (89.29% vs 88.46%, P = 1.000), whereas the PEID group exhibited superior results for operative time (min) (64.61 ± 5.60 vs 85.58 ± 8.52, P < 0.001) and fluoroscopy times (n) (2.93 ± 0.90 vs 13.35 ± 2.30, P < 0.001) compared with the PETD group.Conclusions: PEID has achieved good clinical efficacy as PETD for L5-S1 CLDH. Compared with PETD, PEID has the advantages of shorter operative time and a reduced number of fluoroscopy times in the treatment of CLDH.
A portrait of the bone mineral density of boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Vale Sancha Helena de Lima , Lima Luana da Costa , Cunha Thais Alves , de Araújo Bárbara Gurgel Magalhães , Grilo Evellyn Câmara , Brandão-Neto José
Published: March 2022

Introduction Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients are at risk of developing conditions that can compromise their bone health, such as fractures and walking impairment. We aimed to assess bone mineral density as a function of the age of DMD patients. Materials and Methods The cross-sectional study included 48 patients distributed into four groups by age: G1 (5.1-9.2 years), G2 (9.3-10.7 years), G3 (11.2-15.9 years), and G4 (18-24.7 years). Lumbar spine and total body bone mineral density (BMD) measurements were performed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results There was a moderate negative correlation between age and the lumbar spine BMD Z-score (p = 0.001; r = -0.45) and a strong negative correlation between age and the total body BMD Z-score (p = 0.001; r = -0.79). The lumbar spine BMD Z-scores in G3 and G4 were significantly lower than those in G1 and G2 (p < 0.05). The total body BMD Z-score in G3 was lower than those in G1 and G2 (p < 0.05), and in G4 was lower ​​than those in the other groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion The older patients had lower lumbar spine and total body BMD Z-score values than younger patients. Moreover, these values ​​were negatively correlated with the age of the patients.
Estado de Insolvência e Modelo Fleuriet: o caso da Avianca Brasil
Authors: Ribeiro Hugo Alves Silva , Rocha Carlos Henrique , Aratani Mateus Sakai , Peixoto Nathane Eva Santos
Published: March 2022

Este artigo mostra que o estado de insolvência da companhia aérea Avianca Brasil era previsível, de modo que medidas corretivas poderiam ter sido tomadas. A análise é conduzida a partir do uso do modelo Fleuriet. A peça-chave do modelo é o balanço patrimonial reestruturado da empresa. Os balanços patrimoniais tradicionais foram obtidos do site da ANAC. Entre 2015 e 2018 (3T), a Avianca foi enquadrada pelo modelo Fleuriet como “Muito Ruim”, dependente de dívidas de curto prazo e sem dispor de fundos para servir suas atividades operacionais. Esse cenário costuma ser resolvido pela venda de ativos não circulantes (permanentes), representando o início de uma liquidação da companhia ou insolvência. Seu patrimônio líquido caiu vertiginosamente neste período, impedindo desenvolvimento. A precariedade das finanças da Avianca poderia ser detectada antes da situação de seu provável colapso. Com a saída da Avianca, o mercado nacional de aviação comercial fica nas mãos de três companhias: LATAM, GOL e Azul. Ao final, este estudo também mostra que parte do percurso falimentar em cena está sendo seguido por algumas empresas aéreas do país. Isso indica possível colapso no setor aéreo brasileiro e, se nada for feito, pode comprometer o desenvolvimento do transporte de passageiros na nação.
Valorizando os Territórios: Desenvolvimento Regional para Além da Dicotomia Rural e Urbano na Experiência do Município de Santa Cruz do Sul/RS
Authors: Stavizki Junior Carlos , Deponti Cidonea Machado
Published: March 2022

Este trabalho apresenta uma análise crítica dos processos de desenvolvimento regional, destacando as contradições da dicotomia entre os territórios rurais e urbanos. Utilizou- o exemplo do município de Santa Cruz do Sul, localizando na região do Vale do Rio Pardo, no Rio Grande do Sul, como recorte empírico para o estudo, devido as determinações econômicas e sociais do território, e pela importância da agricultura familiar em sua economia, sobretudo da cadeia produtiva do tabaco. Trata-se de uma discussão sustentada pela revisão bibliográfica sobre dicotomia rural e urbana no contexto do desenvolvimento regional, analisada a partir de uma abordagem crítica e dialética. Apresenta-se uma crítica ao modelo desenvolvimentista baseado na industrialização e urbanização do território, em detrimento da precarização de recursos governamentais no meio rural. Conclui-se a necessidade de valorizar as potencialidades do município, considerando o meio rural como parte intrínseca aos processos de desenvolvimento dos territórios
Integração Regional por meio da Interconexão Elétrica: O Caso Brasil – Uruguai e as Perspectivas de Desenvolvimento para a Região de Fronteira
Authors: Cunha Carla Giane Soares da , Rückert Aldomar Arnaldo , Cargnin Antonio Paulo
Published: March 2022

O presente artigo tem como objetivo geral analisar o processo de integração regional sob a ótica da interconexão energética entre os países, tendo como caso a interconexão elétrica entre Brasil e Uruguai, que se dá atualmente por meio das linhas de transmissão transfronteiriças entre os municípios de Santana do Livramento (RS) e Rivera (UR) e Candiota (RS) e Melo (UR). Além disso, busca analisar possíveis repercussões da última interconexão na exploração carbonífera para geração de energia elétrica na região da Campanha gaúcha. A pesquisa teve caráter qualitativo, com análise documental de fontes secundárias e balanço parcial da literatura sobre o tema. Os resultados apontam para a importância das interconexões para garantir a oferta suficiente de energia elétrica em períodos críticos, bem como indica a importância do papel das usinas térmicas a carvão, para a geração de energia firme, corrigindo os efeitos da sazonalidade hídrica ou eólica e garantindo segurança aos sistemas brasileiro e uruguaio.
Várandósság Magyarországon - Jelentés a Kohorsz '18 Magyar Születési Kohorszvizsgálat 1. hullámáról
Authors: Veroszta Zsuzsanna , Boros Julianna , Kapitány Balázs , Kopcsó Krisztina , Leitheiser Fruzsina , Szabó Laura , Spéder Zsolt
Published: March 2022

A KSH Népességtudományi Kutatóintézet 2017-ben indította el a Kohorsz '18 Magyar Születési Kohorszvizsgálatot. A longitudinális kutatás a gyermekek magyarországi felnövekedéséről és az azt befolyásoló tényezőkről ad képet.
A születési kohorszvizsgálatban az azonos időszakra, 2018/19-re várt gyermekek alkotnak közös induló kohorszot. Fejlődésük figyelemmel kísérése már magzati korban, az anyák várandósságának időszakában indul, majd a kutatás későbbi hullámaiban féléves, másfél éves, hároméves korban ismétlődik. A kohorszvizsgálat egyfelől a fejlődés különböző szempontjait kívánja megragadni, mint a fizikai, kognitív és érzelmi fejlődés, egészség, jóllét, teljesítmény és mobilitás. Másfelől vizsgálja a felnövekedést meghatározó tényezőket és ezek kapcsolatát, kölcsönhatásait is.  Ezek lehetnek a családi és társas környezeti tényezők, a társadalmi/származási különbségek, az egészségi állapot, a pszichológiai jellegzetességek, valamint a gyermeket nevelő családok intézményi ellátottsága, foglalkoztatási helyzete, életmódja, várakozásai és tervei.
A Kutatási Jelentés az első, várandós adatfelvételi hullám eredményeit ismerteti.
A Kohorsz ’18 kutatás kiemelt projekt részeként, az EFOP–1.9.4–VEKOP–16: A szociális ágazat módszertani és információs rendszereinek megújítása európai uniós projekt keretében valósul meg.
 
A kiadványt, kérjük, a következőképpen hivatkozza:
Veroszta Zsuzsanna, Boros Julianna, Kapitány Balázs, Kopcsó Krisztina, Leitheiser Fruzsina, Szabó Laura, Spéder Zsolt (2021). Várandósság Magyarországon. Jelentés a Kohorsz ’18 Magyar Születési Kohorszvizsgálat 1. hullámáról. Kutatási Jelentések 104. KSH Népességtudományi Kutatóintézet, Budapest.
Leonid Borodin in search of the third truth
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Tsvetova Natal’ia S.
Published: March 2022

The article is devoted to the semantic structure and poetics of Leonid Borodin’s Novella The Third Truth. The author attempts a holistic reading of the work through the use of current methods of mythopoetic analysis. Attention is focused on the meaning of the name, on key artistic concepts and character series Riabinin — Selivanov — Obolenskie. The artistic concept of taiga, which is ontologically important for Siberian writers and makes it possible to convey a characteristic attitude towards the world, is called the basic idea. Borodin managed to fix the approaching end of the heroic stage of national history in the relationships of key characters; he managed to show in Selivanov’s fate the reflection of the tragedy of the new, “urban” reality, which suppresses national-historical instincts, deforming the axiological foundations of existence. The author believes that the most important thing for a writer in the tragic fates of Riabinin, Selivanov, Obolenskii is the denial of the possibility of finding a man in new social and historical conditions, the degree of freedom, which gives the “son of heaven and earth” the possibility to build life in accordance with the “third”, namely, the real and only truth, implying a combination of “God’s will, the beginning of natural-space and natural-historical principles” (Iurii Davydov). None of the heroes of The Third Truth are able to overcome civilizational pressure. The way out of the civilizational conflict is seen only in the choice of the author’s life strategy, which is determined by the understanding of truth as an ethical choice in favor of justice.
The variety of evaluation in communicative practices of academic discourse
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Nefedov Sergey T.
Published: March 2022

The article represents a discourse-analytical and corpus study of the evaluation of language as a pragmatic tool in the structure of the professional scientific activity of German linguists. The aim of the work consists in outlining the functional-communicative variety of the evaluation language, depending on the principal task of scientific research, scientific expert and scientific-educational communication practices. The scholarly relevance of the research rests on its incorporation into modern interdisciplinary studies of language resources from the aspect of linguistic pragmatics, interactional sociolinguistics and discourse linguistics, which are directed, on the whole, towards the study of the language and interpretation of the meaning of language signs within the framework of real social contexts while also taking into account a wide range of extralinguistic factors. The novelty of the research is evident in the following results: for the first time, the linguistic variety of evaluations dependent on the general aim of communication practice, which determines the axiological perspective, is considered; a disciplinary correlated classification of evaluation with the allocation of epistemic cognitive, expert and persuasive evaluation is proposed; the essential differences between the selected types of evaluation in the pragmatic categories of author-centricity, normo-centricity and addresseecentricity are substantiated; the text- and discourse-forming part played by language markers of the evaluation category of importance/relevance in profiling and promoting established knowledge in the process of teaching the fundamental theoretical disciplines is revealed. The research material was the German-language corpus of journal articles, scientific reviews and university textbooks on linguistics.
On the basic lines of proverbial studies in Russian paremiology
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Ivanova Elizaveta V.
Published: March 2022

The article summarises the principal achievements of domestic scholars in the area of proverbial studies, important both for the research on Russian proverbs and the analysis of proverbs in other languages. An important contribution was made by the introduction of the concept of the paremiological level of language and the detailed description of structural and semantic proverbial characteristics of a typological and specific nature, as well as the analysis of the similarities and differences between proverbs and phraseological word-combinations. Great significance can be attributed to the studies of the proverbial fund as a system and the introduction of the concept of the proverbial space, which permitted researchers to consider proverbs within a multi-dimensional continuum. An important line of research was the study of the pragmatic functions of proverbs and the proverbial variations, manifested in discourse and text, along with the experimental research into the knowledge and usage of proverbs by native speakers. Extensive theoretical and practical skills in the lexicographic presentation of proverbs, resulting in the compilation of numerous dictionaries, deserve special attention. The tradition of examining proverbs in the context of culture, and the results of studies on proverbial semantics in general, laid the foundation for cognitive and cultural-and-linguistic approaches to proverbial research, which have been developing significantly during the past twenty years, giving new dimensions to cross-linguistic proverbial studies.
Fended off with Humour. Medics and Medical Procedures as Objects of Ancient Jokes
Authors:   University of Trier, Wöhrle Georg
Published: March 2022

Ancient literature, especially funerary epigrams, offers a large number of jokes about bad doctors where they are presented as (often) being dangerous, stupid, incompetent or greedy. In the present study, a basic classification of these jokes, as found for example in Martial or in the Anthologia Graeca, is suggested where the ubiquity of such outpours are recognized as a kind of psychological valve intended to counter the utter powerlessness of a man in the face of an all-powerful profession. On these grounds, the doctor can be attacked as personified evil to an extent that the very name of one spelt death. In addition, medics can be satirized as dangerously ignorant quacks dealing in dubious procedures, and this is applicable to various areas of medicine from ophthalmology to surgery and internal medicine. Finally, the moral misconduct of doctors, their greed, as well as sexual abuse is humorously put in the spotlight. An analysis of a piece by Ausonius is appended to offer a recognized way to tackle inept physicians — to deny them of their status as medics.
Iranian *zganda- ‘mounted messenger’, *zgad- ‘to ride’ and Greek σφαδᾴζω
Authors:   Boston University, Nikolaev Alexander
Published: March 2022

This article argues that Greek σφαδᾴζω ‘struggle, toss one’s body about’ is etymologically related to Proto-Iranian *zgad- ‘to ride, gallop’ and *zganda- ‘messenger’, the source of loanwords σαγγάνδης and ἀσγάνδης in Greek. Iranian nominal stems *zgandá - ‘rider, mounted messenger’ and *zgánda- ‘riding’ (reflected in Sogdian non-finite forms) suggest the reconstruction of a Proto-Iranian root *zgand-, the zero-grade form of which is found in tudáti-type verbal stem *zgadá-ti ‘rides, gallops’ (*zgad- < *zgn̥ d-). The correspondence between Greek σφ- and Iranian *zg- is unproblematic, since these are regular reflexes of PIE *sgwh- in both languages, compare Younger Avestan zgərəsna- ‘round, circular’ vis-à-vis Greek σφαῖρα ‘sphere, ball, globe’. Importantly, in its earliest attestations Greek σφαδᾴζω is used to refer to horses that are prancing, struggling, and moving violently: the application of the verb to human agony is demonstrably secondary. The Greek verb is best analyzed as a denominative *σφαδαι-ιζωderived from an unattested adjective *σφάδαιος, itself made from a nominal stem *σφάδη or *σφαδή, cf. ματᾴζω ‘speak foolishly’ ← μάταιος‘foolish’ ← μάτη ‘foolishness’; the underlying unattested noun, whether *σφάδη ‘kicking, tossing’ or *σφαδή ‘kick, toss’, is based on a thematic verbal stem *σφαδε/ο- ‘to kick, toss, move swiftly (of horses)’ identical in origin with Proto-Iranian *zgadá-ti. On the basis of these forms, a new PIE root *sgwhend- / *sgwh ̥n d- ‘to move quickly (of horses)’ can be reconstructed.
“I turn to you as I would turn to Nauck”: Correspondence of Viktor Jernstedt (1854–1902) and Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff (1848–1931)
Authors:   HSE University, Kostyleva Tatiana V.
Published: March 2022

While working on the correspondence of Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff with Russian scholars in the summer of 2021, the author discovered two letters of Viktor Jernstedt to Wilamowitz in the mss. collection of Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen. Wilamowitz’ part of this correspondence, three letters under the shelfmark call number 733.2.44 1r–6r, dated between June 1894 and August 1895, was likewise preserved among the papers of Jernstedt in the St Petersburg Branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Jernstedt’s letters and Wilamowitz’ two replies are transcribed for the first time and published here. Some details that should aid understanding of the letters are offered in the notes. The transcription of Wilamowitz’ notoriously difficult hand is, even in the most hopeless cases, possible, and, apart from minor abiding problems, unequivocal. While abstaining from a full critical commentary on the problem of intrusive stage directions discussed in the letters, and not wishing to take sides, the author would like to draw the readers’ attention to the way in which the gulf between the two approaches to criticism is wont to be left unbridged, however sound and convincing the arguments coming from the opposite side are.
Coniectanea (IV)
Authors:   Università di Palermo, Lucarini Carlo M.
Published: March 2022

The aim of this article is to cast new light on the textual constitution of some passages of Seneca’s De beneficiis, De clementia, Apolocyntosis, Dialogi and on the text of the anonymous comedy Querolus sive Aulularia. A new edition of De beneficiis, De clementia and Apocolocyntosis for the Scriptorum classicorum bibliotheca Oxoniensis will be published by R. Kaster, and the author of the article had the occasion of reading a proof of it. In this work, approximately 70 of Seneca’s passages and 5 of the Querolus are discussed, for the majority of which a new conjecture is proposed (the author’s knowledge of the readings of the manuscripts is based only on the reports of the editions). For instance: De ben. 2, 28, 3 instead of fert read fert; De ben. 5, 4, 2 add itaque ; De ben. 6, 3, 1 read si cito; De ben. 6, 37, 2 non est… pudet should be deleted; De ben. 7, 2, 6 instead of prorsus read pronus; De clem. 2, 7, 2 add eius ; Apocol. 4, 3 add  sonum; De ira 3, 28, 3 instead of dolor read dolus; De ira 3, 13, 7 instead of tota read tuta. Cons. ad Helviam matrem 10, 3 instead of potest read potitur. Querolus 26 read fallis.
The use of the letter Ѣ in periodicals of the 18th–19th centuries: Usage and codification
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Kaverina Valeriya V.
Published: March 2022

The article based on the material of “Vedomosti” of the era of Peter I, “St. Petersburg Vedomosti” and “Moscow Vedomosti” of the 18th–19th centuries traces the formation of the use of the letter Ѣ. The established usage is compared with the recommendations of grammatical works of the 18th–19th centuries. The specificity of this norm is that the use of Ѣ was determined not only by the Church Slavonic spelling tradition and artificial rules for differentiating homonyms, but also by some special patterns of oral and bookish pronunciation. The letter in Peter’s “Vedomosti” occurs very consistently in accordance with the ancient tradition in numbers of both church and civil type, though older and contemporary grammatical works do not offer any list of words with Ѣ, nor a list of rules governing the spelling of this letter. “Vedomosti”, “St. Petersburg Vedomosti” and “Moscow Vedomosti” demonstrate great stability in the use of Ѣ, primarily at the end of adverbs, function words, comparative and superlative degrees of adjectives, as well as in the prefix нѣ of indefinite pronouns and adverbs. The slight variability observed in the spelling of inflections disappears by the 20s of the 18th century. The least regular use of Ѣ reveals itself in the roots of words, but even here its use in newspapers is more regular than in the Ѣ lists provided by grammars. A century before the appearance of the first list of its kind in the Academic Grammar of 1802 in Peter’s “Vedomosti”, the main corpus of words systematically written with Ѣ in the root was formed, subsequently recorded in full only in the “Russian Spelling” by Ya.K. Grot in 1885. The variation of root vowels in newspapers found mainly in foreign words ceased long before the codification of these words in grammars and dictionaries.
Interpretation of the implicit modality: Semiotic markers of the speech intentions in the texts of online communication
Authors:   Perm State University, Mishlanov Valerii A. , Krizhanovskaya Elena M. ,   Perm State University, Kuznetsova Yulia M. ,   Federal Research Center “Computer Science and Control” of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2022

The authors of this article present the results of the psycho-linguistic stage of studies which aim to develop instruments for automated identification of online communication texts according to a set dictum and modus parameters. The intentional, volitional, and emotional content of the texts was analyzed which determines their genre and linguo-semiotic peculiarities. As a result of an introspective analysis of the content of texts on the topic of a professional crisis, a number of communicative-textual categories were identified that are significant from the point of view of diagnosing the psychological state of the subject of speech. A description is given of both segment markers of subjective meanings — predicates that directly reflect the intentional-volitional state of the speaker and text fragments that, not being direct modus indicators, with a high degree of probability refer in this context to a certain internal state of the author text. The well-known discursive conventions are taken into account. Methodologically, the authors are guided by the theoretical guidelines of the concept of stylistic-speech consistency (M. N. Kozhina) and the model of relational-situational analysis developed within the framework of the theory of artificial intelligence by G. S. Osipov. When analyzing the modus-dictum content of texts, a scenario approach and methods of “internal and external reconstruction” of subjective meanings were used, interpreted with reference to both segment markers within the analyzed text unit (utterance), and their connections with such adjacent (external) text fragments, which, in the context of a network discussion, refer to certain intentional-volitional states of the subject of speech and are, in fact, their semantic anaphors. It is shown that the content of texts on the subject of a professional crisis is characterized by a high degree of emotiveness, the automatic “reading” of which is an important task of computer linguistics and artificial intelligence.