bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systemic Factors Associated With Student Psychological Well‐Being: The Qualitative Experience of School Professionals
Authors: Michaud Rachel , Montreuil Tina C.
Published: December 2024

Given the prevalence of mental health challenges in children and the significant time they spend in school, teachers play a critical role in identifying and addressing the socio‐emotional needs of their students. This instrumental case study consulted a group of 14 school personnel (eight teachers, four resource teachers, and two administrators) from the greater Montreal area on key factors influencing the psychological well‐being of school‐aged children. Thematic analysis of the data was conducted using a social constructivist conceptual framework. Findings discuss participants' perspectives on parental involvement, lack of resources, and facilitating agents. Both too little and too much parental involvement were identified as predictors of child outcomes. Teachers described challenges in meeting their students' various needs with the available resources. Specifically, they attributed difficulties to a frequent lack of availability of support staff who are often equally overworked, particularly in low‐income settings. Lastly, participants discussed the importance of clearly defined roles, interventions, and cohesive teamwork as facilitating agents. Considering the mental health needs present in schools, promoting a healthy and cohesive school environment in which teachers feel supported and valued can play a crucial role in the social‐emotional and psychological development of all children.
Reduction of Chemokine CXCL9 Expression by Omega‐3 Fatty Acids via ADP‐Ribosylhydrolase ARH3 in MIN6 Insulin‐Producing Cells
Authors: You Youngki , Sarkar Soumyadeep , Deiter Cailin , Elliott Emily C. , Nicora Carrie D. , Mirmira Raghavendra G. , Sussel Lori , Nakayasu Ernesto S.
Published: December 2024

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from the autoimmune destruction of the insulin‐producing β cells of the pancreas. Omega‐3 fatty acids protect β cells and reduce the incidence of T1D, but the mechanism is poorly understood. We have shown that omega‐3 fatty acids reduce pro‐inflammatory cytokine‐mediated β‐cell apoptosis by upregulating the expression of the ADP‐ribosylhydrolase ARH3. Here, we further investigate the β‐cell protection mechanism of ARH3 by performing siRNA analysis of its gene Adprhl2 in MIN6 insulin‐producing cells, subsequent treatment with a cocktail of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β + IFN‐γ + TNF‐α, followed by proteomics analysis. ARH3 regulated proteins from several pathways related to the nucleus (splicing, RNA surveillance, and nucleocytoplasmic transport), mitochondria (metabolic pathways), and endoplasmic reticulum (protein folding). ARH3 also regulated the levels of proteins related to antigen processing and presentation, and the chemokine‐signaling pathway. We further studied the role of ARH3 in regulating the chemokine CXCL9. We found that ARH3 reduces the cytokine‐induced expression of CXCL9, which is dependent on omega‐3 fatty acids. In conclusion, we demonstrate that omega‐3 fatty acids regulate CXCL9 expression via ARH3, which may have a role in protecting β cells from immune attack thereby preventing T1D development.

Significance of the Study: Omega‐3 fatty acids have a variety of health benefits. In type 1 diabetes, omega‐3 fatty acids reduce the islet autoimmune response and the disease development. Here, we studied the pathways regulated by the adenosine diphosphate (ADP)‐ribosylhydrolase ARH3, a protein whose expression is regulated by omega‐3 fatty acids. We showed that ARH3 reduces the expression of chemokines in response to omega‐3 fatty acids. This represents an anti‐inflammatory mechanism of omega‐3 fatty acids that might be involved with protection against type 1 diabetes development.
Telechelic Dithiol Copolymers as Tunable Building Blocks for Synthesizing Multiblock Materials
Authors: Czuczola Michael , Hossain Munshi Sahid , Shannon Declan P. , Morris Parker T. , Getty Patrick T. , Bates Christopher M. , Read de Alaniz Javier , Hawker Craig J.
Published: December 2024

A new strategy is reported to access α,ω‐dithiol polymer building blocks with tunable molecular weights and compositions for the preparation of random multiblock copolymers based on styrenic, acrylic, and siloxane repeat units. This facile synthetic approach provides access to dithiols through a two‐step process: (1) an initial copolymerization of vinyl monomers with ethyl lipoate followed by (2) disulfide bond reduction, producing dithiol terminated polymer products. Thiol‐terminated polymers are easily prepared over a wide range of molecular weights (2–32 kDa) by simply controlling the feed ratio of vinyl monomer to ethyl lipoate. Mixtures of these linear dithiol‐terminated building blocks were repolymerized via oxidative coupling to create random multiblock copolymers with high molecular weights (68–95 kDa) and controlled degradability. In summary, this approach for preparing and recombining telechelic dithiol polymers creates opportunities to manipulate the mechanical and physical properties of multiblock copolymers using a synthetically simple and versatile platform.
Advancing Bone Regeneration: The Impactful Role of Plasma Technology
Authors: Pidhatika Bidhari , Ardhani Retno , Swasono Yogi Angga , Anggraeni Rahmi , Andriyanti Wiwien , Santosa Faizhal Arif , Rudianto Reza Pahlevi , Ana Ika Dewi , Dewi Anne Handrini
Published: December 2024

Bone diseases and injuries pose a significant global health challenge. Traditional bone regeneration methods face limitations, such as tissue availability and immune rejection. This study presents plasma technology's potential in scaffold engineering for bone regeneration through bibliometric analysis and experimental findings. Plasmas modify surfaces and enhance scaffold properties. These modifications are crucial for effective bone healing. Our bibliometric analysis identifies key trends and collaborations in plasma technology research. The analysis reveals a strong correlation between surface modification, plasma treatment, and applications in tissue engineering and biomaterials, underscoring the need for detailed investigations into plasma applications. By linking bibliometric trends with experimental research, this article emphasizes the novel role of plasma technology in current and future bone regeneration strategies.
Surface Passivation of Silicon Nanoparticles Monitored by In Situ FTIR
Authors: Dworschak Maren , Müller Martin , Tjardts Tim , Kienle Lorenz , Benedikt Jan
Published: December 2024

A setup consisting of two atmospheric plasma sources is used for the combined synthesis and passivation of nanoparticles. The silicon nanoparticles synthesized in the first source are analyzed for their chemical composition, morphology, and photoluminescence. The particles are then treated with a second plasma to induce surface passivation. The passivation process of the particles is monitored in real time using in situ infrared absorption spectroscopy. The results indicate that this treatment induces methylation of the silicon nanocrystals, which is further supported by XPS analysis. This surface passivation shifts the maximum of the photoluminescent signal to blue in the visible spectral region. Further optimization of the reported nanoparticle passivation process can provide a flexible tool for tuning nanoparticle properties.
Future Subnational Population Change in Germany: The Role of Internal and International Migration
Authors: Cilek Laura , Loichinger Elke , Swiaczny Frank , Schlömer Claus , Hoymann Jana , Maretzke Steffen
Published: December 2024

Population change in Germany at the subnational level is particularly driven by changes in net international migration and shifts in internal migration flows between urbanisation, suburbanisation and counter‐urbanisation. Official population projections at the county level use a single scenario, thereby omitting uncertainty that arises from changing patterns in the assumed components of demographic change. We use a cohort‐component model that incorporates the spatial distribution of a net number of international migrants and internal migration matrices to provide population projections for 401 counties in Germany until 2070, encompassing nine total international and internal migration scenario combinations. Our results show a full potential outcome space of future subnational population change in Germany and highlight the variability in this possible change in terms of population structure, size, and spatial distribution. Across the scenarios, the total population of Germany is projected to be between 74.25 and 86.84 million people in 2040 (83.4 in 2023). There are also considerable differences in how the total population and its distribution might change spatially, both between urban and rural areas and in age structure. Thus, depending on the assumed absolute level of net international migration and the direction of internal migratory patterns we, highlight how internal and international migration patterns will continue to play a large role in future population development in Germany at the county level.
Implementing a Bayesian approach using Stan with Torsten: Population pharmacokinetics analysis of somatrogon
Authors: Wang Yuchen , Pei Xinyi , Niu Tao , Korth‐Bradley Joan , Fostvedt Luke
Published: December 2024

Fully Bayesian approaches are not commonly implemented for population pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling. In this paper, we evaluate the use of Stan with R and Torsten for population PK modeling of somatrogon, a recombinant long‐acting growth hormone approved for the treatment of growth hormone deficiency. As a software for Bayesian inference, Stan provides an easy way to conduct MCMC sampling for a wide range of models with efficient sampling algorithms, and there are several diagnostic tools to evaluate the MCMC convergence and other potential issues. Three different sets of priors were evaluated for estimation and prediction: a weakly informative uniform set, a moderately informative set, and a very informative set of priors. All three prior sets showed good performance and all chains mixed well. There were some minor differences in the final parameter posterior distributions while implementing different prior sets, but the posterior predictions covered the observations nicely, not only for the individuals included in posterior sampling but also for new individuals. The impact of a centered versus non‐centered parameterization were evaluated, with the non‐centered approach improving the estimation time, but it was still computationally intensive. Computational resources had the biggest impact on sampling time. Stan took approximately 2.5 h total for the MCMC sampling on a high‐performance computing platform (6 cores) and may be reduced further with additional computational resources. The model and comparisons presented show that with adequate computational resources, the Bayesian approaches using Stan and Torsten are useful for population PK analysis, especially for the analysis of special populations, small sample datasets, and when complex model structures are needed.
Towards Understanding Contemporary Gambling Advertising in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Badu Emmanuel
Published: December 2024

Gambling advertising has become ubiquitous in sub‐Saharan Africa influencing social norms and attitudes towards gambling. The delay or failure of governments to effectively regulate gambling advertising poses a significant threat to public health. This article provides contemporary insights into gambling advertising, its forms, mechanics and influence on gambling behaviour. It provides contextual understanding to policy‐makers, health advocates and public health actors, including a call to action for effective regulation. With sub‐Saharan Africa becoming important to the gambling industry for market growth and profits, there is the need for public health actors to instigate advocacy for strong regulations and enforcement of gambling advertising.
Contribution of radio occultation data to atmospheric river landfall forecasts in the eastern North Pacific
Authors: Teng Hsu‐Feng , Kuo Ying‐Hwa , Done James M.
Published: December 2024

This study assesses the impact of Global Navigation Satellite System radio occultation (RO) data assimilation (DA) on low‐predictability atmospheric river (AR) landfall forecasts. The period of study is October–March 2020–2022, focusing on AR events over the eastern North Pacific. Eighteen AR landfall events with large forecast errors in the Global Forecast System of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction are selected. Two numerical experiments are conducted for each AR event. One assimilates RO data using a non‐local excess phase operator to improve its initial condition (labeled as EPH forecast), while the other does not (reference run; labeled as REF forecast). Relative to REF, the root‐mean‐squared errors of integrated water vapor transport (IVT), moisture, and wind are reduced by EPH in the main AR activity areas throughout the whole forecast period, except for zonal winds. EPH significantly reduces the underestimation of strong IVT occurrence rate by 2.6%–4.8% and the underestimation of IVT intensity by 15.7–35.0 kg·m−1·s−1, compared to REF. EPH also substantially improves the precipitable water distribution and AR‐related precipitation over the ocean. Despite these basin‐wide improvements, AR coverage, location, and precipitation over land are not significantly affected by RO DA. Specifically, the main contribution of RO DA to the root‐mean‐squared error reduction of AR forecast is the wind improvement prior to AR landfall and the mid‐level moisture improvement after AR landfall. In summary, this study highlights the potential positive contributions of RO DA to AR forecasts, and explores the mechanisms and spatial and temporal characteristics of the improvements.
Oscillometry changes reflect clinically meaningful improvement after bronchial thermoplasty for uncontrolled asthma: A case report
Authors: Setty Niranjan , Crawford Alice , Kyle Brooke , Thakkar Dhaval , Thomas Rajesh , Blakey John
Published: December 2024

Asthma is a highly prevalent but heterogenous condition. Uncontrolled disease is relatively common and may be due to ongoing inflammation and/or persisting bronchial hyper‐reactivity. Bronchial thermoplasty has been in use for many years but optimal case selection and post‐procedure assessment remain uncertain. We present a case of a gentleman in his 50s with lifelong asthma who experienced a persistent loss of control following influenza A in 2017. Despite multidisciplinary assessment and guideline‐based escalation of therapy, he had persisting symptoms. In the context of his atopy, he was trialled unsuccessfully on dupilumab. Bronchial thermoplasty (BT) was undertaken with good clinical benefit. Although his spirometry was little changed by BT, there was improvement in forced oscillometry technique (FOT) measurements. FOT may therefore be a useful addition to the assessment and monitoring of individuals considered for, or undergoing, BT.
Rasmussen aneurysm in a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Malik Salman Ahmed , Khan Allahdad , Siddique Humaira , Malik Kamran Ahmed , Usman Muhammad , Antar Mohamed
Published: December 2024

Key message

Rasmussen aneurysm is a rare complication of tuberculosis, where a pulmonary artery adjacent to a tuberculous cavity aneurysm may lead to life threatening hemoptysis. Sudden or severe hemoptysis is an emergency condition in TB patients who need prompt recognition and intervention, often through endovascular embolization, to prevent fatal outcomes.
Fixed‐Time Consensus Control With Event‐Triggered Mechanism for Multi‐Agent Systems Suffered Time‐Varying State Constraints
Authors: Zhang Hongkang , Hu Zikai , Wang Jianhui , Wang Zian
Published: December 2024

A fixed‐time consensus control protocol is proposed for uncertain nonlinear multi‐agent systems (MASs) with time‐varying state constraints. By applying the time‐varying barrier Lyapunov functions (BLFs), an adaptive consensus control protocol is constructed to make certain that all system states maintain within the predetermined time‐varying ranges. Meanwhile, an event‐triggered mechanism (ETM) is established to alleviate the burden of MASs communication. Besides, to guarantee the control performance, a fixed‐time control method based on neural networks (NNs) is developed. It is demonstrated that the MASs can synchronize in a fixed time, and the state constraints are satisfied. Finally, two simulation examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented protocol.
Game‐Based Distributed Control for Multiple Euler–Lagrange Systems over Switching Topologies
Authors: Liu Jiaxun , Wang Dong , Chen Mingfei , Liu Shuai , Dong Xiwang
Published: December 2024

This article investigates the controller design for a game‐based distributed control problem for multiple Euler–Lagrange systems over switching topologies, in which the objective is to stabilize each Euler–Lagrange system and minimize the local cost function of an agent simultaneously. The communication topologies are switching among a set of weight‐balanced digraphs, and the dynamic of an Euler–Lagrange agent includes unknown parts. In this problem, agents have limited observation of others' states, but agents can estimate other states by exchanging information with their neighbors over switching topologies. The coupling states of agents, uncomplete states, and switching topologies are such that existing distributed control strategies cannot address this problem. In this regard, two distributed controllers are respectively proposed for this game‐based distributed control problem with known and unknown dynamics based on the feedback linearization, consensus‐based estimation, gradient play, and integral compensation. Based on the time‐scale decomposition technique and orthogonal decomposition method, it proves that the proposed controllers can stabilize the Euler–Lagrange agent and are such that the local state is pushed to the Nash equilibrium, and the communication topology is allowed to be arbitrarily switched among different digraphs. Lastly, the simulation demonstrates the effectiveness of proposed controllers.
Understanding Preschool Educators' Writing Knowledge: Insights from the Early Writing Knowledge Assessment
Authors: Quinn Margaret F. , Bingham Gary E. , Rohloff Rebecca , Gerde Hope K.
Published: December 2024

Teachers' knowledge impacts their practices in classrooms. While considerable research has sought to understand teachers' broad emergent literacy knowledge, less is known about the specific knowledge teachers hold regarding early writing. The present study engaged 66 diverse early childhood teachers in five Head Start programs across two states to examine teachers' knowledge for early writing, bringing specificity to our understanding of teachers' knowledge of writing skills and development. To overcome issues of current elicitation materials which employ researcher generated questioning and decontextualized testing formats, we utilized an innovative instrument (The Early Writing Knowledge Assessment: EWKA) to elicit teachers' knowledge and beliefs from three authentic, contextualized child writing samples reflecting distinct, developmental writing skills. Teachers reflected on each sample and responses were coded using a two‐step process and an a priori set of codes derived from established early writing theories. Results indicated that generally, teachers' early writing knowledge aligned with research‐based conceptualizations, however, wide variation existed in the language used. Patterns existed in the components and subcomponents emphasized depending on the developmental skills demonstrated in the sample. Study findings highlight the wide variability, including inaccuracies, of teachers' early writing knowledge and the inconsistent language used to describe writing development used in the field, both of which have implications for research and practice. Implications for the field, including the potential use of the EWKA to better understand the workforce and for use in professional learning are further discussed.
Spatial Overlap Between Bees and Pollinator‐Dependent Crops in Europe and North America
Authors: Rahimi Ehsan , Jung Chuleui
Published: December 2024

Pollination is a crucial service provided by ecosystems, playing a critical role in global food production within agricultural landscapes. The successful pollination of crops by insects requires the spatial coexistence of these two entities. However, an assessment of the spatial overlap between pollinating insects and crops that depend on pollinators has not been conducted in, Europe and North America. To address this challenge, we employed species distribution models (SDMs) to generate distribution maps for 394 bee species in Europe and 697 in North America, along with maps for 41 pollinator‐dependent crops. Using Schoener's D statistics and a binary approach, we calculated the spatial overlap between crops and bees. Notably, there was a significant disparity in the overlap patterns between bees and crops in Europe and North America, with Europe exhibiting a higher degree of overlap compared to North America. Specifically, in Europe, the mean overlap based on Schoener's D for all crops was 0.55, while based on the binary approach, this overlap increased to 17.5%. In North America, the mean overlap based on Schoener's D was 0.35 for all crops and the binary overlap indicated a mean overlap of 9.4%. Our findings also pinpointed hotspots for bees, primarily situated in the western regions of Europe and both the western and eastern regions of the United States in North America. It is crucial to note that spatial overlap between plants and pollinators is just one facet of the conditions necessary for species interaction and does not directly imply actual pollination. Nevertheless, this study provides a comprehensive perspective on the potential spatial mismatch between crops and bees.
Smooth Hazards With Multiple Time Scales
Authors: Carollo Angela , Eilers Paul , Putter Hein , Gampe Jutta
Published: December 2024

Hazard models are the most commonly used tool to analyze time‐to‐event data. If more than one time scale is relevant for the event under study, models are required that can incorporate the dependence of a hazard along two (or more) time scales. Such models should be flexible to capture the joint influence of several time scales, and nonparametric smoothing techniques are obvious candidates. ‐splines offer a flexible way to specify such hazard surfaces, and estimation is achieved by maximizing a penalized Poisson likelihood. Standard observation schemes, such as right‐censoring and left‐truncation, can be accommodated in a straightforward manner. Proportional hazards regression with a baseline hazard varying over two time scales is presented. Efficient computation is possible by generalized linear array model (GLAM) algorithms or by exploiting a sparse mixed model formulation. A companion R‐package is provided.
A Detailed Review on the Synthesis and Mechanistic Study of Pyrrole Fused Quinone/Naphthoquinone
Authors: Manna Susanta Kumar , Mondal Sampa , Ghosh Tapas , Bandyopadhyay Sumedha
Published: December 2024

This review article intends to explore the versatility in the formation of pyrrole‐fused quinone/naphthoquinone derivatives described in literature from 2008 to 2024. It deals with the multitude of paths to its synthesis from a variety of precursors using both metal‐ and metal‐free catalytic systems and their potential applications. This article also documented several bioactive cores accommodating indoloquinone and its analog. Noteworthy, mitomycin A acts as excellent medicine for variety of cancer treatment and its analog EO‐9 is under clinical trial. Here we present the synthesis of natural products zyzzyanone A, murrayaquinones B and murrayaquinones A, indolequinone‐based naloxone prodrugs exiguamine A and (NQO1)‐targeted prodrugs for hypoxia specific activation, antibiotic uthamycin B and its analog, indolequinone fused with ursolic acid (a triterpenoid rich in many Chinese medicines), which is a vital scaffold for the preparation of novel anticancer agent. Indoloquinone‐fused with ursolic acid (a triterpenoid rich in many Chinese medicines) is a vital scaffold for the preparation of novel anticancer agent. Recent synthesis of two cyanobacterial metabolites Calothrixins A and B has also been documented. This article also discusses the synthesis of intermediate, from where lymphostin alkaloid can be developed. Lamellarin D natural product can be easily prepared by the developed strategy.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue by Engineering Tungstic Acid@ZIF‐67 Cocatalyst
Authors: Rasheed Saman , Khan Safyan Akram , Nazir Muhammad Altaf , Ali Shahid , Younas Muhammad , Iqbal Rashid , Mansha Muhammad , Tufail Muhammad Khurram , Arshad Muhammad , Rehman Aziz ur
Published: December 2024

The zeolitic imidazolate frameworks have gained significant attention in various applications owing to their exceptional surface area, customizable porosity, and excellent thermal and chemical stability, making them a remarkable nanomaterial. The present study involved the utilization of ultrasonic‐assisted techniques to integrate tungstic acid into the zeolitic imidazolate framework (TA@ZIF‐67) with the aim of augmenting the photocatalytic activity. The as‐synthesized nanocomposite was characterized using X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopic analysis to inspect the structural aspects and morphology. The reduction in particle size of TA@ZIF‐67 due to the incorporation of tungstic acid results in a higher surface area, leading to a significant improvement in the photocatalytic activity of ZIF‐67. The assessment of the photocatalytic performance of ZIF‐67 and TA@ZIF‐67 was conducted through the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under sunlight. The degradation efficiency of ZIF‐67 and TA@ZIF‐67 was observed to be 61% and 85%, respectively, of the MB solution following a 60 min irradiation period. The investigation of the kinetics study based on rate constant values revealed that the utilization of TA@ZIF‐67 presented a greater efficiency in the removal of MB from an aqueous solution. The results pave a new avenue toward the design of MOF‐based photocatalysts for water treatments.
Activated Carbon Derived from Olive Waste for the Adsorption of Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange Dyes
Authors: Mbarek Mohamed , Jedli Hedi , Rabhi Raja , Slimi Khalifa
Published: December 2024

Various biomasses have been used as sustainable alternatives in the production of activated carbon for effluent treatment. This study applies Tunisian olive waste as a precursor source for the production of activated carbon (AC), through chemical activation (H3PO4). The AC was characterized through X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and N2 adsorption desorption. The adsorption of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange dyes (MO) onto the AC was investigated under various experimental conditions. The efficiency of removing the MB and MO increases with the addition of contact time and dosage. The optimum pH conditions for MB and MO were 7 and 2 respectively. The maximum adsorptions were achieved at 0.21 g for the two colorants. The adsorption isotherm process fits well with the Langmuir model and the maximum adsorption capacity was 34.3 and 40.5 mg g−1 for MO and MB, respectively. The adsorption kinetics data fitted well with the pseudo‐second‐order model, suggesting the chemisorption process. The obtained results reveal that AC can be used successfully to remove methyl orange and methylene blue dyes from wastewater.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of p‐Aminophenol Derivatives Applying In Vivo, Ex Vivo, and In Silico Approach
Authors: Das Ananta Kumar , Islam A. F. M. Mahmudul , Rouf Md. Abdur , Paul Prosenjit , Hassan Md. Jahid , Roy Saurabh , Esha Esrat Jahan , Hossain Md. Selim , Hossain Md. Monir , Hossain Md. Emdad , Saha Koushik
Published: December 2024

The study aims to synthesize benzamide derivatives of p‐aminophenol (PAP) by reacting with 4‐benzoyl chloride. The reaction of PAP yields four derivatives: P‐1 [N‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)benzamide], P‐2 [4ˊ‐bromo‐N‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)benzamide], P‐3 [4ˊ‐nitro‐N‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)benzamide] and P‐4 [3ˊ,5ˊ‐dintro‐N‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)benzamide] and evaluation of biological activity. PAP derivatives hot plate analgesic test produced a significant analgesic effect. The higher analgesic activities were observed at 60 min for all derivatives P‐1, P‐2, P‐3, and P‐4 at 47.65, 48.13, 47.08, and 45.47%, respectively. Derivatives of PAP were also shown to have statistically significant (p < 0.001) analgesic efficacy in the writhing test. The maximum percent inhibition of the writhing by P‐2 (82.11%). In vivo anti‐inflammatory examination confirmed that P‐1, P‐2, and P‐4 prevented carrageenan‐induced rat paw edema for 60–240 min. The toxicity of PAP derivatives P‐1 and P‐4 was lower than paracetamol. Experiments demonstrate that derivatives exhibit less cytotoxicity. The compounds P‐3 and P‐4 inhibited egg and bovine albumin denaturation better at lower dosages in anti‐inflammatory experiments. Molecular docking and ADMET showed that derivatives might inhibit COX‐1 and COX‐2. Also, P‐4 demonstrated the highest binding affinity (−8.2 kcal/mol) for COX‐1 and P‐1 (−8.4 kcal/mol) for COX‐2. According to computational and experimental studies, PAP derivatives may inhibit cyclooxygenase to relieve pain, inflammation, and fever.
Sustainable Food Packaging: Biodegradable Carboxymethyl Cellulose Films Reinforced With Green‐Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles From Pineapple Waste
Authors: Hossain Md. Sanower , Mohd Azhar Nur Iznin Hanis binti , Mohd Azman Nurul Aini binti , Shariffuddin Jun Haslinda
Published: December 2024

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) bioplastic shows great promise for sustainable food packaging. This study synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) from pineapple waste via green synthesis and incorporated them into CMC to develop enhanced nanocomposite films. Key steps included preparing ZnONP powder and formulating ZnONP‐CMC (ZCMC) (1.0% w/v) solutions for film fabrication. The nanocomposites were characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM–EDX, TGA, and DSC to assess structural integrity and thermal stability. Physical properties showed enhancement, including a thickness of 0.17.05 mm, opacity of 17%, moisture content of 52.38%, and water solubility of 64.52%. The mechanical properties also improved significantly, with a tensile strength of 26.30 MPa and elongation at a break of ∼50%. FTIR and XRD confirmed the successful incorporation of ZnO NPs, which improved the crystallinity and structural integrity of the CMC matrix. Notably, the ZCMC nanocomposite exhibited rapid biodegradation within 9 days under soil conditions, highlighting its potential for reducing environmental impact. In conclusion, adding ZnO NPs to CMC films notably improves their physical, mechanical, and thermal characteristics, rendering them ideal for food packaging. While the mechanical and biodegradation properties are promising for food packaging applications, future research should focus on evaluating the antimicrobial properties and practical applications of the ZCMC films in food preservation.
Characterizing Microbubble‐Mediated Permeabilization in a Vessel‐on‐a‐Chip Model
Authors: Meijlink Bram , Collado‐Lara Gonzalo , Bishard Kristina , Conboy James P. , Langeveld Simone A.G. , Koenderink Gijsje H. , van der Steen Antonius F. W. , de Jong Nico , Beekers Inés , Trietsch Sebastiaan J. , Kooiman Klazina
Published: December 2024

Drug transport from blood to extravascular tissue can locally be achieved by increasing the vascular permeability through ultrasound‐activated microbubbles. However, the mechanism remains unknown, including whether short and long cycles of ultrasound induce the same onset rate, spatial distribution, and amount of vascular permeability increase. Accurate models are necessary for insights into the mechanism so a microvessel‐on‐a‐chip is developed with a membrane‐free extravascular space. Using these microvessels‐on‐a‐chip, distinct differences between 2 MHz ultrasound treatments are shown with 10 or 1000 cycles. The onset rate is slower for 10 than 1000 cycles, while both cycle lengths increase the permeability in spot‐wise patterns without affecting microvessel viability. Significantly less vascular permeability increase and sonoporation are induced for 10 versus 1000 cycles at 750 kPa (i.e., the highest studied peak negative acoustic pressure (PNP)). The PNP threshold for vascular permeability increases is 750 versus 550 kPa for 10 versus 1000 cycles, while this is 750 versus 220 kPa for sonoporation. Vascular permeability increases do not correlate with αvβ3‐targeted microbubble behavior, while sonoporation correlates with αvβ3‐targeted microbubble clustering. In conclusion, the further mechanistic unraveling of vascular permeability increase by ultrasound‐activated microbubbles in a developed microvessel‐on‐a‐chip model aids the safe and efficient development of microbubble‐mediated drug transport.
3D Printing of Graphene Aerogel Microspheres to Architect High‐Performance Electrodes for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Cheng Yu , Wang Zhanhua , Lavorgna Marino , He Lirong , Xia Hesheng
Published: December 2024

The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) efficiency is highly dependent on the electrocatalysts microstructure and the macrostructure of the electrodes. Herein, the graphene aerogel microspheres loaded with well‐dispersed ultrafine Ni/Co nanoparticles catalyst is prepared through electro‐spraying, in‐situ crosslinking, freeze‐drying, and pyrolysis, and then is utilized to print the HER electrode via direct ink writing (DIW). The obtained graphene‐based aerogel microspheres possess peculiar cabbage‐like mesoporous structures which allow ready access of reaction species to active sites, optimal mass transfer, and proton diffusion within the microspheres. DIW 3D printing achieves the ordered control on the periodic lattice macro‐geometry and thus facilitates the fast gas bubble evolution and release from the electrode surface. The as‐fabricated 3D electrode possesses a low overpotential of 341 mV at 10 mA cm−2, a decrease by 31.5% compared to 3D printed electrode directly from 2D graphene, and a low Tafel slope of 119.1 mV dec−1, 40% lower than that of the electrodes fabricated via directly casting the aerogel microspheres. Furthermore, the 3D‐printed electrode of aerogel microspheres displays good HER stability. This work provides a good approach for constructing high‐performance HER electrodes through 3D printing of graphene aerogel microspheres.
Dynamic Redeposition Over Bidirectional Amorphous NiFe‐Oxides toward Surface Self‐Healing for the Alkaline Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhou Tingxi , Jing Yike , Yang Yang , Yang Fei , Yi Xuesong , Sun Wei
Published: December 2024

The NiFe‐oxy/hydroxides (NiFeOxHy) have emerged as promising candidates for alkaline oxygen evolution reaction (OER) but suffer from irreversible metal dissolution to pose a great challenge to long‐term stability. Here, a self‐supported electrode of NiFeOxHy/FeNiOx/SS‐A (substrate‐etched stainless steel, SS‐A; interlayer‐amorphous Fe3Ni1Ox oxide; catalytic layer‐amorphous Ni3Fe1OxHy) is fabricated and presents rare self‐healing property of surface cracks, as well excellent activity and stability. It is found that crack repair is driven by the redeposition of dissolved Fe and Ni ions from the amorphous interlayer involved in the OER process because no similar behavior is observed in Fe‐free and crystalline interlayer‐supported NiFeOxHy. Moreover, the repair performance is dependent on current density and electrolysis time, with 71% of surface cracks being repaired after 72 h operated on an industrial level of 500 mA cm−2. It needs to be emphasized that the irreversible dissolution of Fe and Ni from the catalytic layer of NiFeOxHy still occurs but is effectively suppressed. It is demonstrated that the construction of an amorphous FeNiOx oxide interlayer in self‐supported electrodes plays an important role in improving the stability and is expected to open up an opportunity for the design and develop highly efficient and durable alkaline OER catalytic electrodes.
2D MOF Structure Tuning Atomic Ru Sites for Efficient and Robust Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis
Authors: Wang Jia , Wang De , Zhao Zelin , Chang Ganggang , Guo Wei , Xu Jun , Xiang Yinyu , Li Junrui , Li Junsheng
Published: December 2024

Developing cost‐effective ruthenium (Ru)‐based HER electrocatalysts as alternatives to commercial Pt/C is crucial for the advancement of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE). However, the strong hydrogen adsorption of Ru‐based catalysts restricts its activity. Herein, a strategy is reported to tune the electronic structure and improve mass transfer by implanting Ru atoms onto the (002) facet of two‐dimensional zeolitic imidazolate framework‐67 (Ru@LZIF(002)) to optimize the d‐band center (εd) of Ru and the hydrogen spillover behavior. Benefiting from the ultrathin nanosheet structure and optimized εd of Ru, the over‐strong H adsorption energy is weakened and the electron/mass transfer is facilitated. Ru@LZIF(002) exhibits an overpotential of 9.2 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a long‐lasting stability of 35 days at 100 mA cm−2. The mass activity and price activity of Ru@LZIF(002) is 2.9 and 14.7 times higher than Pt/C, respectively. More impressively, Ru@LZIF(002) delivers a cell voltage of 2.01 V at a high current density of 4 A cm−2 in PEMWE. The excellent long‐term durability of 1200 hours operating at 4 A cm−2 with an ultralow decay rate of 7.5 × 10−3 mV h−1 has been achieved, making it promising as a cost‐effective alternative to Pt/C catalyst for PEMWE applications.
Ligand Circuit Concept for Developing Gas Separation Materials from Pore‐Space‐Partitioned Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Tran Natalie , Wang Wei , Chen Yichong , Feng Pingyun , Bu Xianhui
Published: December 2024

Isoreticular chemistry is among the most powerful strategies for designing novel materials with optimizable pore geometry and properties. Of great significance to the further advance of isoreticular chemistry is the development of broadly applicable new concepts capable of guiding and systematizing the ligand‐family expansion as well as establishing correlations between dissimilar and seemingly uncorrelated ligands for better predictive synthetic design and more insightful structure and property analysis. Here ligand circuit concept is proposed and its use has been demonstrated for the synthesis of a family of highly stable, high‐performance pore‐space‐partitioned materials based on an acyclic ligand, trans, trans‐muconic acid. This work represents a key step toward developing highly porous and highly stable pore‐space‐partitioned materials from acyclic ligands. The new materials exhibit excellent sorption properties such as high uptake capacity for CO2 (81.3 cm3 g−1) and C2H2 (165.4 cm3 g−1) by CPM‐7.3a‐NiV. CPM‐7.3a‐CoV shows C2H6‐selective C2H6/C2H4 separation properties and its high uptakes for C2H4 (134.0 cm3 g−1) and C2H6 (148.0 cm3 g−1) at 1 bar and 298 K contribute to the separation potential of 1.35 mmol g−1. The multi‐cycle breakthrough experiment confirms the promising separation performance for C2H2/CO2.
A Mini‐Review: The Rise of Triple‐Junction Silicon‐Perovskite‐Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Luo Xuemei , Lim Eng Liang
Published: December 2024

Recently, the multijunction (MJ) solarcells have gained interest and have a lot of promise going forward. As MJ solarcells with an increasing number of absorber layers can reduce the thermalization and the nonabsorption losses of the device, it has then been proposed to overcome the Shockley–Queisser (S–Q) maximum efficiency limit. The preparation of the metal halide perovskite using a solution processing method with tunable bandgaps has made them an ideal candidate to integrate with the silicon photovoltaic, forming MJ silicon‐perovskite (Si‐PVK) solar cells. Benefitting from these, 33.90% power conversion efficiency (PCE) has been realized for the Si‐PVK MJ solar cell, which is comparable to the S–Q maximum efficiency limit in the range of ≈1.10–≈1.30 eV. Furthermore, the PCE of Si‐PVK solar cells can potentially increase with increasing the number‐junction of perovskite device. Taking advantage of this, the research on the triple‐junction (TJ) silicon‐perovskite‐perovskite (Si‐PVK‐PVK) solar cells has gained attention, although it is still in an early stage of development. In this mini‐review, the working mechanism, the design principle, and the progress of TJ Si‐PVK‐PVK solar cells are discussed. Finally, future outlooks in this field are also provided.
Deep Learning‐Based Community Detection Attack: Arctic Shipping Data as a Case
Authors: Li Changrong , Duan Wei , Li Zhenfu
Published: December 2024

This study explores advanced methods for community discovery attacks in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) using deep learning techniques. It begins with a comprehensive analysis of VANET characteristics, classifications, routing protocols, and topological structures, followed by an exploration of deep learning applications in network community detection attacks, focusing on state‐of‐the‐art algorithms and evaluation metrics. The core contribution is a novel community discovery attack method for VANETs that integrates graph convolutional neural networks with multi‐head and bidirectional attention mechanisms. The proposed approach is rigorously evaluated through extensive experimentation and in‐depth analysis of results. The study concludes with a critical summary of findings and outlines promising future research directions, aiming to provide innovative strategies for enhancing community discovery attacks in vehicular networks. This research has potential implications for improving communication efficiency, resource allocation, and performance in VANET environments.
Brassica Panache: A multi‐species graph pangenome representing presence absence variation across forty‐one Brassica genomes
Authors: MacNish Tessa R. , Al‐Mamun Hawlader A. , Bayer Philipp E. , McPhan Connor , Fernandez Cassandria G. Tay , Upadhyaya Shriprabha R. , Liu Shengyi , Batley Jacqueline , Parkin Isobel A. P. , Sharpe Andrew G. , Edwards David
Published: December 2024

Brassicas are an economically important crop species that provide a source of healthy oil and vegetables. With the rising population and the impact of climate change on agriculture, there is an increasing need to improve agronomically important traits of crops such as Brassica. The genomes of plant species have significant sequence presence absence variation (PAV), which is a source of genetic variation that can be used for crop improvement, and this species variation can be captured through the construction of pangenomes. Graph pangenomes are a recent reference format that represent the genomic variation with a species or population as alternate paths in a sequence graph. Graph pangenomes contain information on alignment, PAV, and annotation. Here we present the first multi‐species graph pangenome for Brassica visualized with pangenome analyzer with chromosomal exploration (Panache).
Understanding resilience: Contributions of urban agriculture to the resilience of urban landscapes
Authors: Ghahremani Vahid , Noori Omid , Deihimfard Reza , Veisi Hadi
Published: December 2024

Urban agriculture (UA) has been explored as a nature‐based solution to address metropolises' socioecological challenges. The current study strives to determine which dimensions and components of socioecological resilience are most affected by UA in urban ecosystems. Q‐methodology was applied to identify shared discourses between experts in UA and to provide insights into how experts perceive resilience in socioecological ecosystems. The data were gathered by completing the Q table (41 statements) and interviewing experts (29 participants) in agriculture, urban planning, environmental science, urban landscape, and urban practice. The results revealed seven distinct perspectives possessed by experts with eigenvalues of 11.23, 2.37, 1.94, 1.48, 1.39, 1.25, and 1.11 and explanatory variances of 0.387, 0.08, 0.067, 0.05, 0.04, 0.04, and 0.03, respectively. The perspectives included (1) promoting a happy and healthy life, (2) integrating land use, waste, and energy management, (3) ensuring food security and protection of production resources, (4) promoting social interaction and relaxation, (5) improving biodiversity and picture quality, (6) motivating creativity for community health, and (7) reducing the ecological footprint and cost and food insecurity. Each perspective entails a different understanding of the role of UA on socioecological resilience in metropolitan areas. The results contribute to the ongoing theoretical discussion regarding the nature of the current UA in metropolises, its development, and potential conventionalization. Overall, these findings suggest a role for UA in promoting resilience in metropolises to make them socially and ecologically better places for life.
Brain Predictability Toolbox
Authors: Hahn Sage , Allgaier Nicholas , Garavan Hugh
Published: December 2024

The Brain Predictability toolbox (BPt) is a Python-based library with a unified framework of machine learning (ML) tools designed to work with both tabulated data (e.g., brain-derived, psychiatric, behavioral, and physiological variables) and neuroimaging specific data (e.g., brain volumes and surfaces). The toolbox is designed primarily for ‘population’-based predictive neuroimaging; that is to say, machine learning performed across data from multiple participants rather than many data points from a single or small set of participants. The BPt package is suitable for investigating a wide range of neuroimaging-based ML questions. This chapter is a brief introduction to general principles of the toolbox, followed by a specific example of usage.
Studying the Connectome at a Large Scale
Authors: Boyle Rory , Weng Yihe
Published: December 2024

This chapter outlines a flexible connectome-based predictive modeling method that is optimised for large neuroimaging datasets via the use of parallel computing and by adding the capability to account for possible site- and scanner-related heterogeneity in multi-site neuroimaging datasets. We present the decision points that need to be made when conducting a connectome-based predictive modeling analysis and we provide full code to conduct an analysis on public data. To date, connectome-based predictive modeling has been applied to predict different cognitive and behavioral phenotypes with many studies reporting accurate predictions that generalized to external datasets.
Neuroimaging Workflows in the Cloud
Authors: Madhyastha Tara
Published: December 2024

Analysis of large neuroimaging datasets requires scalable computing power and storage, plus methods for secure collaboration and for reproducibility. The application of cloud computing can address many of these requirements, providing a very flexible model that is generally far less expensive than a lab trying to purchase the most computer equipment they would ever need. This chapter describes how researchers can change the way that they traditionally run neuroimaging workflows in order to leverage cloud-computing capabilities. It describes various considerations and options related to cloud-based neuroimaging analyses, including cost models and architectures. Next, using data from the AOMIC-PIOP2 project hosted on OpenNEURO, it shows how to use Nextflow to create a very simple skull stripping and tissue segmentation workflow using FSL’s bet and fast programs installed on a local computer. Nextflow allows scalability from a laptop to a cluster to cloud-native services with no code changes.