bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laboratory Study of the Removal Efficiencies for Ammonium and Total Phosphorus from Runoff Using Layered Filtration Systems
Authors: Zhou Dong , Bi Chun Juan , Chen Zhen Lou , Deng Huan Guang
Published: August 2013

The removal efficiencies for ammonium (NH4+) and total phosphorus (TP) from runoff using two layered filtration systems (LFS-A, with a turf surface, and LFS-B, with a permeable brick surface) were investigated in six repeated experiments. The results indicated that the removal efficiencies for NH4+ and TP from infiltrated water using LFS-A were as high as 90.92 and 91.60%, respectively, while the efficiencies resulting from LFS-B ranged from 86.67 to nearly 100% and 90.29 to 99.09%, respectively. However, there was a significant difference in the comprehensive removal rates (CRRs) for NH4+ and TP between LFS-A (400 and 70 mg·m-2·h-1, respectively) and LFS-B (174 and 54 mg·m-2·h-1, respectively). Some engineering measures, such as the utilization of replanted turf, may reduce the CRRs for pollutants for long periods of time; while no significant relationships between the CRRs of NH4+ and TP and their initial concentrations were observed.
Synthesis and Properties of a New Bacteriostatic Agent of Ballast Water
Authors: Zhu Bai Kang
Published: August 2013

The intrusion of pathogens into ballast water, not only destroys marine ecological environment, but also threatens human health. The study synthesized a new cobalt complex with a ligand of 3-pyridine-4-benzoic acid by hydrothermal synthesis method. Its structure was characterized by elemental analyzer and single crystal diffractometer, and its infrared spectroscopy, thermal stability and inhibitory activity were analyzed. The results show that the complex belongs to the monoclinic system and space group C2 / c, with unit cell parameters a = 8.2484 (9) Å, b = 10.3371 (11) Å, c = 12.2031 (14) Å, α = 89.588 (2) °, β = 87.0870 (10) °, cell volume = 982.03 (19) Å3, Z = 2, F (000) = 508, Dcalc = 1.709mg/cm3, R1 = 0.0391 and wR2 = 0.0807. The asymmetric unit of the complex consists of the two Co ions, four ligand molecules and two coordinated water molecules, each center Co ions forms a hexacoordinated distorted octahedral structure. The MIC of complex for Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in ballast water are respectively 78μg/mL, 39μg/mL and 78μg/mL, and its antimicrobial effects is better than ligands, which can be used as a novel bacteriostatic agent of ballast water.
Phosphorus Removal from Wastewater by Electrocoagulation Using Iron Electrode
Authors: Dian Kante Mamadou , Zhang Bao Gang , Feng Chuan Ping , Cellou Kan Te
Published: August 2013

In this work electrocoagulation for phosphorus removal from wastewater using iron electrodes as cathode and anode was investigated. In this study several parameters were considered namely: distance between electrodes, ammonia and COD with the addition NaCl equal 0.5 g. It was found short gap was better for phosphorus removal and effect of ammonia and COD enhance performance of phosphorus from 89.2 to 90.1 and 91 respectively for a current the 0.8 A at 55 min.
Analyzed the Toxicity of Dyes on Phanerochaete chrysosporium by AFLP
Authors: Xiong Hong Xia , Huang Wei
Published: August 2013

In this paper, the toxic effect of the dye wastewater onPhanerochaete chrysosporiumwas investigated. The DNA damage of the dye onP. chrysosporiumwas analyzed using the AFLP method. Comparing with that in the control, the percent polymorphism under different concentrations of the dye increased, from 17.54% to 53.49%. In addition, the result of UPGMA (un-weighted pair group method of arithmetic means) dendrogram showed that the Simple Matching Coefficient (SM) was decreased with an increase in the concentrations of dyes. Results suggested that the dyes have toxic effect onP. chrysosporiumat molecular level as environmental pollutants.
Experimental Study on Enhancing Slurry Dewatering Efficiency of the Carbide Slag Flue Gas Desulfurization Device
Authors: Dong Mei , Zhou Hui Liang
Published: August 2013

Carbide slag is adopted as flue gas desulfurization agent in Ning Xia Western Thermal Power Plant.During the operation process,flue gas desulfurization efficiency and slurry dewatering efficiency can not meet the requirement at the same time. Through the analysis of the main influence factors,the work in the laboratory is going to improve calcium sulrite oxidation effect .The experimental results are characterized by crystal diffraction and scanning electron microscope. Through the orthogonal experiment,the optimun conditions are obtained:pH of the limestone slurry is 5.1,temperature is 40°C,the oxidation air volume is 45L/min,solid content of the slurry is 11%.On this condition,not only the flue gas desulfurization efficiency can be guaranteed,but the calcium sulfite is good to calcium sulfate conversion,then the problem of slurry dewatering efficiency is resolved.Application to engineering practice,very good results are achieved
Removal of NH3-N from Wastewater Solid Propellant Production by Chemical Precipitation
Authors: Chu Hua , Huang Ting , Li Xin Yu , Wang Guo Juan , Wang Shu Zhong
Published: August 2013

This paper deals with the wastewater from solid propellant production containing high level of ammonia nitrogen. The chemical treatment had been made in laboratory, by the selected process, the removal rate of NH3-N is above 92%.
Waste Water Treatment Process and its Effect Analysis of Shagou Mine in Luoning County, Henan Province
Authors: Li Li Yang , Feng Chen , Liu Dao Fang , Cao Yuan
Published: August 2013

Based on the systematically describing of the producing and living waste water treatment process in Faende Mining Co.,Ltd.,in Shagou, Luoning, Henan Province, the production and living waste water treatment effect was analyzed deeply. The comparing results of before and after treatment showed that the design of the treatment process in the mine was reasonable, the sewage treatment worked well, and the effluent concentration of has reached the first class of "integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard" (GB8978-1996), among which the concentration of the two indexes, Lead and Zinc, has achieved the specific standard which is more strict than the first class of "integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard" (GB8978-1996).
Comparison of Green-House Gas Emission Reduction and Cost-Effectiveness between Two Ways of Waste-to-Energy - Case Study of Tianjin, China
Authors: He Yu , Wang Yuan , Yan Bei Bei , Han Meng
Published: August 2013

There are two main waste-to-energy (WtE) ways to treat municipal solid waste (MSW) in China: incineration with electricity and landfill with landfill gas utilization. And the calculation methods provided by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines are often used for calculating greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction of WtE. This paper compared the GHG emission reductions of the two WtE methods, and made a cost-benefit analysis of them. Results show that: incineration with electricity can reduce more GHG emission than landfill with landfill gas utilization while disposing of 1 t MSW and the cost of incineration is higher than landfill while reducing 1 t CO2eq.
Excavating Value of Life Cycle Based Product Returns
Authors: Yang Guang Yong
Published: August 2013

Ecologic environment is increasingly polluted, amount of green consumers are expanding, and more countries and governments have enacted and implemented environmental protection regulations to curb firms environmental negative impact. Based on product life cycle return perspective, we divide returns into three types: beginning of life return, end of use return and end of life return. Then, we analyze return value evaluation through law of conservation and conversion of energy. Our conclusions show for between beginning of life and end of use product return, educating consumers environmental conscious and responsive collection and resell returned products measures are the core ingredients. For after end of life product return, the best strategy is that firm collects and disposes in cost efficient measures replacing consumers direct disposal.
Cadmium Accumulation in Soil and Celery from a Long-Term Manure Applied Field Experiment
Authors: Sun Qin Ping , Li Ji Jin , Liu Ben Sheng , Gao Li Juan , Xu Jun Xiang , Zou Guo Yuan , Liu Bao Cun
Published: August 2013

A field experiment with six treatments was conducted from Apr. 2006 to Nov. 2008 to study the Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in soil and the effect on the plant uptake after a three years application with using different organic fertilizer. The six treatments were (1)Control (with no manure input), (2)Cattle compost, (3)Biogas residua, (4)Chicken compost (with low level input), (5)Chicken compost (with middle level input), (6)Chicken compost (with high level input). The treatments (2), (3) and (5) had the same total N input. The results showed that the soil ETPA-Cd from manured treatments had increased trend compared with the control after 3 years. The celery which was the last crop during the whole cropping history of the manured treatments (except Biogas residua) had higher Cd content compared with the control, and celery of the chicken compost with high level input had highest Cd content than others. There was a significant relationship (r=0.92**) between the soil Cd content and the celery Cd content. However the soil Cd limitation laws in some countries seem to be strict than the celery Cd limitation law under this soil condition.
Lower Heating Value Estimation of Coal Gangue through Proximate Analysis Data Based on GB/T 212-2008
Authors: Wang Xiu Teng , Lu Bin , Xu Ling , Li Chen Yi , Lin Ling , Huang Jin
Published: August 2013

The calorific value of coal gangue is an important indicator to assess its quality for comprehensive utilizations. Although the heating values can be measured experimentally with a Bomb calorimeter, an easier and faster approach within an acceptable tolerance is in great demand. Herein, we use an alternative approach to estimate the heating value based on proximate analysis data, which are measured under the instruction of GB/T 212-2008. The lower heating values of coal gangue samples we collected range from 2307 to 8309 kJ/kg, which are key information for the use of coal gangue in principle. We conclude that the sample with calorific value of 8309 kJ/kg can be used as formal fossil fuel; another sample of 5799 kJ/kg can be used for thermal power generation, while the other four are not worth for fuel.
Relationship between Physico-Chemical Properties and Related Enzymic Activities by Inoculating Microorganism Agent in the Composting Process
Authors: Hu Hong Wei , Li Lv Mu , Qian Kun , Xu Nian Jun , Zhu Hong Bin , Jiang Guang Yue , Li Fan , Xu Fa Zhi , Ding Xiao Ling
Published: August 2013

In the research, the duck farm cushion and organic waste of duck hatching plant and slaughter and processing plant were used as compost materials, single factor 4 levels 3 replications design was carried out. Effects of adding different doses (0%, 0.35%, 0.40%0.40%, 0.45%) of microorganism agent (consisted ofthermophilic BacillusandSerratia) on compost physicochemical indexes including temperature, moisture content, C/N, germination index, total N, total P, total K, available N, available P, available K, and the enzymic activities including urease, cellulase, dehydrogenase, catalase and protease. There were four treatments in this experiment, three was with adding different doses (0.35%, 0.40%, 0.40%, 0.45%) of microorganism agents, one was without adding microorganism agent (control). The results showed that, adding microorganism agent treatment had faster temperature rising, higher temperature and longer high temperature duration than control. At the end of composting, C/N of those with adding microorganism agent were significantly lower than control (P<0.05), germination index, total N, total P, total K, available N, available P, available K were significantly higher than control (P<0.05). Urease, dehydrogenase, Catalase and protease activities were significantly higher than control (P<0.05), however, those with adding microorganism agent were not significantly higher than control (P>0.05).Enzyme activity of experimental treatments and the physicochemical index shows a good correlation. In conclusion, adding 0.35% microorganism agent was optimum for composting in this research.
Cd Accumulation and Quality Characteristics of Chinese Cabbage Growth in Cd-Contaminated Soil
Authors: Yin Yong Chao , Chen Lang , Kai Jian Rong , Song Yu Fang
Published: August 2013

33 species Chinese cabbage sold in local market were seeded and growth on Cd polluted (Cd 0.65-9.0 mg/kg) soil in the old irrigation area, Shenyang, P.R.China. The harvested Chinese cabbages were collected for analysis of Cd content, soluble protein and soluble sugar, respectively. Results showed that the Cd content in edible parts of varieties Chinese cabbage does not exceed, partly exceed and all out of the allowed standard of 0.2 mg/kg fresh weight Cd, as the soil Cd contents were in the range of 0.65-1.8 mg/kg, 1.81-4.17 mg/kg and 4.18 to 5.3 mg/kg. Soil Cd content has a positive correlation with Cd content in the edible part of all varieties of Chinese cabbage. And soluble sugar and soluble protein showed increased trend as soil cd increase. According to above results, we concluded that the products of Chinese cabbage is relatively safety in quality if growth in soil with Cd content from 0.65 to 1.81 mg/kg , and appropriate screening of low Cd uptake species for Chinese cabbage is necessary as soil Cd content was from 1.81-4.17 mg/kg, to insure the safety of agricultural products , and suitable remediation technology should be used as soil Cd content was from 4.18-5.3 an till 9.0 mg/kg, in order to reduce the food-chains transportation risk brought by Cd accumulated in Chinese cabbage.
Research on Hazardous Waste Disposal Bus System Built in China's Dalian Xizhong Island Petrochemical Park
Authors: Xi Yao Zong , Bao Jing Ling , Wen Juan , Zhao Yi Chen
Published: August 2013

It is estimated that there are 0.33 billion tons of hazardous waste per year over the world. the scientific management of hazardous waste, effective guidance on the whole process and effective utilization become necessary. From this point, this thesis takes China’s Dalian Xizhong Petrochemical Park as the research object, using Multi-level evaluation model of grey system of hazardous waste processing project evaluation, then setting up Xizhong Island Petrochemical Park optimization of hazardous waste processing and disposing methods.We innovatively construct the combination of open type and closed type of hazardous waste disposal and management bus system, which is of great significance to achieve efficient management of hazardous waste.
Research on the Characteristics of the Solid Waste and Sludge Composting of the Expressway Service Area
Authors: Zhao Jian Xun , Qiao Juan
Published: August 2013

The solid waste and sludge from the expressway service area was mixed and composted. The changes of temperature, pH and total carbon, total nitrogen, humic matter, and the toxicity for the seed were investigated. The results indicated that: the temperature above 55°C was more than 6 days, which could meet the harmless standard. The pH value quickly increased and then decreased, stabilized in the neutral range. The total carbon decreased obviously and the nitrogen also decreased significantly high to 33%in the first 12 days, which indicated the activity of the microorganism was strong and the degradation of organic matter was quickly, the ammonia was produced much, and the high temperature phase made the loss of nitrogen. The increases of fulvic acid and humic acid showed the conversion of organic matters to humus. Composting decreased the matters inhibiting seed germination and weakened the toxicity for the plant, and the sample reached maturity through composting. This study is a beneficial way of ecological application in expressway service solid waste treatment.
Research on the Household Waste Management Based on Green Logistics in Beijing City
Authors: Wang Yuan Bo , Feng Hao Shu , Shi Jjing Ru , Wang Juan Hua
Published: August 2013

Along with the acceleration of urbanization in Beijing, the waste systems in place they have now, cannot meet its growing population, living standards and a better environment. This paper investigates the operation of the waste logistics process from the perspective of green logistics. The paper discusses the problems that exist relating to collection, classification, transportation and final disposition in Beijing. It also lays out the format of green logistics relating to municipal household waste.
Recycling of Tannery Delimimg-Bating Wastewater by Ultrafiltration Purification with Polyimide Membrane
Authors: Wang Hong Ru , Zhang Gang , Li Yong Jian
Published: August 2013

Tannery deliming-bating wastewater contains lots of pollutants including ammonium salt, interfibrillary substances and residual enzymes. In order to reduce the pollution, the wastewater was purified by ultrafiltration with polyimide membrane and recycled in deliming-bating process. Solutes in the wastewater were evaluated by COD, total nitrogen and suspended substance. The effects of ultrafiltration parameters on permeate flux and solute rejections were investigated, and the characteristics of wastewater, as well as membrane cleaning were measured during the recycling. The results show that a steady permeate flux of over 31.5L/m2h with rejections to COD of above 89% and total nitrogen of above 82% can be obtained at 25°C under 0.090MPa in pH7.5 during the ultrafiltration. In the repeated recycling, neither the organic substances nor the nitrogenous substances could be accumulated in operation liquor. The recycling process has the same deliming-bating effect as conventional process. It has good potential for industrial application.
Study on Using Coking Wastewater to Prepare Low-Rank CWS and its Rheology Changes at Different Temperatures
Authors: Tu Ya Nan , Sun Nan Xiang , Yang Yang
Published: August 2013

Regarded as an effective treatment to many kinds of industry wastewater, CWS technology is introduced to treat coking-wastewater, to simplify treating procedure. A low rank coal from Ximeng (in China) was prepared to slurry with clean water and three kind of wastewater at different treating depth. The results indicated that: (1) the coking-wastewater performed a slightly better effect than the clean water for preparing CWS; (2) the apparent viscosity decreases rapidly by heating the slurry, but increases when the temperature reaches to a unique value. The value is 40°C for cleaning-workshop feed CWS, 30°C for membrane filter feed CWS, and 50°C for membrane filter underflow.
CO2 Sequestration by Indirect Carbonation of High-Calcium Coal Fly Ash
Authors: He Lan Lan , Yu Dun Xi , Lv Wei Zhi , Wu Jian Qun , Xu Ming Hou
Published: August 2013

The use of coal fly ash for CO2sequestration has been proposed as a promising option for its utilization. However, research is quite necessary for advancing this technology. Indirect carbonation of high-calcium coal fly ash for CO2sequestration was investigated in this study. In these processes, calcium was first extracted from a high-calcium coal fly ash sample with NH4Cl solution. The obtained leachate was subsequently carbonated by bubbling CO2. It was shown that NH4Cl could extract about 35% of the total calcium into the solution under the conditions investigated. The dissolution of calcium is nearly accomplished in half an hour. Further increasing the extraction solution temperature (10-90°C) and the concentration of NH4Cl (0.5-3mol/L) only has subtle positive effects on the calcium extraction efficiency. The carbonation efficiency of the extraction leachate, namely the percentage of the calcium in the solution transformed into calcium carbonates is about 47%. The sharp drop in pH after bubbling CO2due to weak acid buffering capacity of the solution hinders the further precipitation of Ca2+. Calcium carbonate samples with a purity of up to 97% are obtained, meeting the purity requirements for industrial use.
Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen Fluxes at Sediment-Water Interface in Yangtze Estuarine Tidal Flat
Authors: Deng Huan Guang , Wang Dong Qi , Chen Zhen Lou
Published: August 2013

Yangtze estuary data, collected over three years, indicates that the temporal and spatial distributions of the environmental gradients reflect complicated seasonal changes and spatial differences in the exchange flux of the dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN= NH4++ NO3-+ NO2-) across the sediment-water interface. Overall in northern sites of Yangtze estuary, sediment was a source of ammonium (NH4+) (-3.67~10.65 mmol·m-2·d-1) probably because of higher salinities. Sediment was a sink for NH4+ in southern sites (-18.45~3.33 mmol·m-2·d-1) during most years. The exchange behavior of nitrate (NO3-) showed temporal and spatial variation from the upper to lower estuary and ranged from-32.8 mmol·m-2·d-1 to 35.8 mmol·m-2·d-1. The interface exchange direction of ammonium was affected by NH4+ concentration, but the relationship between NO3- concentration and the direction of flux was not obvious. The concentration of nitrite (NO2-) was very low and its interface flux was not related to DIN concentration. Overall, the sediment of Yangtze Estuarine tidal flat was a source of DIN to overlying water in the spring, but a sink for DIN during the other three seasons of the year.
Hydrolyzed Okara in Low-Fat Pork Burgers under Pilot Scale
Authors: Tseng Yu Chang , Tseng Hou Chia , Weng Yih Ming
Published: August 2013

Okara (soybean curd refuse) is the major byproduct in the manufacture of soymilk and tofu. Okara cannot be used in foods due to its high moisture and poor mouth feel. Relatively high insoluble dietary fibers are the main reason for the poor sensory quality. In this study we used the ViscozymeTMand PectinexTMto degrade the first and second layers of soybean cell wall and transform okara as an ingredient for meat products. Pork burgers incorporated with six different levels of hydrolyzed wet okara (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30%) were prepared and compared with controls (without okara). Cook loss (%), cholesterol content, water holding capacity (WHC), color attributes and sensory evaluation were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of hydrolyzed okara as meat product ingredient. While the moisture contents of raw and cooked pork burger increased with the addition of various percentage okara, the addition of okara reduced the cholesterol content by about 6~56% for raw pork burger and 14~47% for cooked burger. The WHC and cook loss (%) of pork burger were improved by the addition of okara. The addition of okara also increased the pH, L* and, b* values of raw pork burger but did not affect a* value. Significant effects of okara on overall acceptability were observed when the addition of okara was above 25%.
Preparation of Fly Ash/Nano-ZnO Composite and its Adsorption Properties for Reactive Dyes from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Li Bei Gang , Hu Qian Long , Fu Zhi Yan , Wang Chen
Published: August 2013

The fly ash (FA)/nano-ZnO composite was prepared by chemical precipitation method using waste FA, ZnSO4 and (NH4)2CO3 as raw materials and further analyzed by specific surface area and XRD. effects of important preparation conditions on the dye adsorption capacity of the composite were investigated. The results show that the FA/nano-ZnO composite obtained under optimal conditions of FA/ZnO mass ratio of 1:0.5, reaction and standing 2h at 60°C and calcining time of 3h at 250°C is a high efficient adsorbent and has much more higher adsorption capacities on 4 kinds of reactive dyes, reactive turquoise blue KN-G, reactive brilliant blue KN-R, reactive brilliant red X-3B and reactive brilliant red KD-8B from aqueous solution with 61.64mg/g, 46.36mg/g, 43.27mg/g and 31.18mg/g which are increased about 14, 32, 33 and 32 times than that of FA, respectively.
The Reutilization of Herbal Residues
Authors: Guo Tao , Wang Ya , Zhu Yi Lin , Zhang Zhen
Published: August 2013

How to dispose of herbal residues during the Chinese herbal medicine production and processing has become a problem that can not be ignored. This paper summarizes the way of reuse herbal residues in China, and discusses existing problem. Moreover, its suggested that Chinese Medicine enterprises should take road of sustainable development by rational utilization of herbal residues.
Feasibility Study on Lowering of Confined Water in a Foundation Pit Engineering
Authors: Qian Zhuang , Wang Guo Guang , Qi Ze Peng
Published: August 2013

Under complicated engineering conditions involved with layered soil body and water stop measures, it is difficult to figure out accurate water head drawdown according to empirical formula. In this paper, numerical analysis method is applied to calculate water head drawdown in a foundation pit engineering after confined water is lowered, making settlement calculation possible. Acquisition of calculated settlement value provides reference for evaluating buildings safety state and the feasibility of dewatering scheme.
Optimization Design for Diameter in Irrigation Pipeline Network in Land Consolidation
Authors: Hu Si Jia , Wang Jin Man , Yu Yang
Published: August 2013

In the process of land consolidation, most designers of low-pressure water delivery systems for irrigation purposes use very simple empirical pipe selection methods based on arbitrary concepts, without taking into account economic factors. These methods do not lead to an optimal solution.In this article an optimum design method to calculate economic pipe diameters was presented. Based on the existing optimization model, the design was aimed to maximally reduce the annual pipeline network cost, and calculate the optimum economic pipe diameters of the network. By calculating the pipe diameter of irrigation pipeline network in Panan coal mining subsidence area in Jiawang district, Xuzhou City, the land consolidation investment of irrigation pipeline network was 1148199 Yuan, while the investment was 1478808 Yuan calculated by planning method, with 22 % saved compared to the original plan. Comparison with traditional methods the new method has a good performance.
Research on the Risk Entropy Model of Water Supply Systems Based on Entropy Theory
Authors: Lu Ren Qiang
Published: August 2013

According to the uncertainty characteristics of water supply systems when it suffered by the threats, the entropy function was introduced into water supply systems for the risk assessment studies, and the risk entropy model of water supply systems was proposed. Taking the earthquake disaster as an example, firstly, based on the risk assessment theory and information entropy theory, the severity factorEjof earthquakeXjwhich the water supply systems would be suffered was defined. Secondly, the product of severity factorEjand occurrence probabilityPjof earthquakeXjwas computed, and the normalized value of the product was defined as the interaction coefficientqjof earthquakeXj. Then, based on the theory basis above and risk formula, the risk entropy modelH(R)of water supply systems was established. Finally, a water supply systems of north china was taking as a case studies. Through application we found that the model was theoretical and practical feasibility, which can be used to solve the uncertainty problem of water supply systems.
Two Automatic Lime Metering Systems Used in Municipal Reclaimed Water Treatment of Fossil-Fueled Power Plant
Authors: Huo Shu Hao , Zheng Xue Jing , Ma Zhao Qin
Published: August 2013

The advanced lime treatment system of municipal reclaimed water is applied increasingly extensive in fossil-fueled power plants. Lime metering is one core technique of this system. Lime metering in dry condition and lime metering in wet condition have advantages of metering accurately, no leakiness, no blockage, less investment, full automatic control and etc. These two automatic lime metering systems can meet the operation demand of the advanced lime treatment system.
Imminent Earthquake Analysis Based on Stochastic Subspace Identification
Authors: Li Ling , Jin Guo Bin
Published: August 2013

A novel imminent earthquake analysis method is proposed. Firstly, BHZ data are acquired from seismic networks, then, structure parameters of part of the earth are identified based on SSI (stochastic subspace identification); finally, imminent earthquake is analyzed based on the results of system identification. It is prevented from entering earth interior or using artificial seismic explosion. Location of epicenter and process of earthquake on imminent earthquake can be analyzed based on characteristics of main vibration frequency, change trend of model shape and damping by using SSI to analyze field data on earthquake event.
Influence of Reclamation on Hydrodynamic Environment in Bohai Bay
Authors: Zhao Xin , Sun Qun
Published: August 2013

The SWAN model was used to simulate the effect of the coastline change caused by the reclamations on the wave fields in Bohai Bay. The numerical results in the year of 2000 had been compared with that of 2010 to study the influence of the sea reclamations on the wind waves in Caofeidian area. The results show that the significant wave height has a declining trend due to the reclamation and decreased in value of 0.1 to 0.4m in 2010. The magnitude of the decrease of the significant wave height in winter is larger than that in summer. The significant variations of wave fields are occurred in the harbor basin and tide channel.
Effects of Additives on the Reductive Decomposition of Phosphogypsum in the CO Atmosphere
Authors: Xie Long Gui , Ma Li Ping , Dai Qu Xiu , Mao Yu , Zhang Hang , Ma Jun
Published: August 2013

The effect of the reaction time and the amount of additives on the decomposition rate and temperature of phosphogypsum were studied in the weak reducing atmosphere of 3%Vol CO by using themixture of phosphogyp-sum and a certain percentage of CaCl2, Fe2O3and MgO additives. The resultshows that the decomposition rate of phosphogypsum reached 85% by adding CaCl2and Fe2O3, and the decomposition temperature of phosphogypsum was only 950°C which was 100 °C lower than the one of decomposition reaction of phosphogypsum without any adductives. And the addition of MgO had nosignificant effects on the decomposition of phosphogypsum under the same condition.
Study on the Construction of the Groundwater Rights Market - The Case Studies in Beijing Chaoyang District in China
Authors: Wang Hui Feng , Zhang Yong Xiang , Wang Cheng Zhi , Hao Jing
Published: August 2013

The contradictory is serious about the using balance of water recourse in Beijing Chaoyang district. The main phenomenon is excessive picking groundwater and water demand increases. Chaoyang Water Bureau had formulated the ground water rights market in for to stopping lower of ground water level. Water rights market configurated water resources and promoted using efficiency of water. The case of Chaoyang district water rights market will provide a reference for groundwater management and development of groundwater rights market.
A Process-Based Energy Balance Snowmelt Model II: Application
Authors: Jie Gao
Published: August 2013

Based on the process-based energy balance snow melting model Snow Column Model, several scenarios are set to study the response of snow pack to climate change according to site-based data in snowpit 006, Niwot Ridge, Colorado, Front Range of Rocky Mountains. Based on an introduction and validation of Snow Column Model by data of 1996, a further validation is made on data during 1997 and 1999. Scenarios are set based on observations of solar radiation, long-wave radiation, air temperature, latent and sensible heat flux during 1996 and 1999. The responses of snow pack to an average temperature fluctuation within 6.2°C are analyzed. The results illustrate that snow density and snow water equivalent accelerated decreases while the variance in snow density does not increase monotonically over time.
Correction of Radar QPE Errors for Non-Uniform VPRs Using TRMM Observations
Authors: Zhang Man , Qi You Cun
Published: August 2013

Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) contain both regions of convective and stratiform precipitation, and a bright band (BB) or equivalent high-reflectivity region is often found in the stratiform precipitation. Inflated reflectivity intensities in the BB often cause positive biases in radar quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE), and a vertical profile of reflectivity (VPR) correction is necessary to reduce the error. VPR corrections of the radar QPE is more difficult for MCSs than for a widespread cool season stratiform precipitation because of the spatial non-homogeneity of MCSs. Further, microphysical processes in the MCS stratiform region are more complicated than in the large-scale cool season stratiform precipitation. A clearly defined BB bottom, which is critical for accurate VPR corrections, is often not found in ground radar VPRs from MCSs. This is a big challenge when the stratiform region of MCSs is far away from the radar where the radar beam is too high or too wide to resolve the BB bottom. Further, variations of reflectivity below the freezing level are much more significant in MCSs than in a large-scale cool season precipitation, requiring high-resolution radar observations near the ground for an effective VPR correction. The current study seeks to use the vertical precipitation structure observed from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Precipitation Radar (TRMM PR) to aid VPR corrections of the ground radar QPE in MCSs. High-resolution VPRs are derived from TRMM data for MCSs and then applied for the correction of ground radar QPEs.
Distribution and Sources of HCHs in Surface Water from Honghu Lake, China
Authors: Gong Xiang Yi , Sun Yun Lei , He Yan Zhi , Qi Shi Hua , Wang Li
Published: August 2013

Surface water samples of two sections were respectively collected from one side to the other side of Honghu Lake, China, in order to detect the concentrations and distribution of HCHs in the region. The concentrations of total HCHs (the sum of α-HCH, β-HCH,γ-HCH and δ-HCH) in surface water of Honghu Lake ranged from 0.94 to 7.04 ng/L. The highest concentration of HCHs in water was near a shipping traffic path. HCHs were derived mainly from agricultural runoff around Honghu Lake and release of the sediments. Among four component compounds of HCHs, γ-HCH was major contributor in the water, which suggested that lindane may have been used recently around Honghu Lake.
Hydrochemical Characteristics and Evolution Laws of Groundwater in Ligezhuang Area, Qingdao
Authors: Chen Ran , Zheng Xi Lai
Published: August 2013

This paper takes the Ligezhuang Area in the downstream of the Dagu River as the typical study case, and the groundwater samples are analyzed scientifically and systemically, then the descriptive statistics, the piper diagram and the mass balance simulation are used to gain the better understanding of the hydrochemistry characteristics and evolution laws of groundwater. The results show that (1) With the increase of the mineralization degree in the research area, the groundwater chemical types change from Ca Na Mg-HCO3 SO4 Cl type to NaMg-Cl SO4 and Na-Cl type.(2) When the groundwater flows from low mineralization area to high mineralization area, it mainly occurs the precipitation of calcite and montmorillonite; the dissolution of dolomite, gypsum, halite, CO2, chalcedony, fluorite and illite; meanwhile the cation exchange effect. The results will provide a better understanding of the groundwater resources in the region and help the government develop suitable utilization strategies for the groundwater resources.
The Study of Sensitivity Analysis of Parameters of Groundwater Numerical Simulation
Authors: Xue Xiao , Ren Zhong Yu , Zhang Yong Xiang , Gao An Hu
Published: August 2013

This paper used both methods of single parameter and Multi-parameter combination sensitivity analysis in groundwater numerical model parameter sensitivity analysis. With the examples of Jiaozuo, Henan province, choosing coefficient of permeability, porosity and longitudinal dispersion degree as factor, the paper analysis the main controlling factors of contaminant migration of Hexavalent chromium in groundwater. Single parameter sensitivity analysis results show that the permeability coefficient gives largest impact to the migration of hexavalent chromium. It is positively correlates with groundwater numerical model. The rest of the parameters assume the inverse correlation. Multi-parameter combination sensitivity analysis results show that the permeability coefficient has absolute advantage among various parameter combinations. Another conclusion is that longitudinal dispersion degree affects smaller on the process of hexavalent chromium pollutants migration, but the impact on the final density is bigger.
Research on Indoor Thermal Environment of Ecological Rammed Earth Tibetan Dialogue in Happy Village
Authors: Li Li Ping , Fan Shuai
Published: August 2013

In this paper, the test of the indoor thermal environment for Tibetan Dialogue in Happy Village in winter, that have tested indoor temperature and the temperature of house surface, and contrast to analysis tested parameters. The results of the test show climate characteristics in rammed earth Tibetan Dialogue and variations of temperature effecting indoor thermal comfortable. The proposes and measures be taken out from this test for improving the comfortable of the indoor thermal environment.
Study on Applying Schema of Chu`s Design Art in Wuhan's Modern Landscape Design
Authors: Yang Wei
Published: August 2013

Chu`s societal factors，historical factors，cultural factors and geographic factors help to bring about emergence Chu` s design art that is magical and gorgeous. Chu` s design have special Art Figuring schemas .Designer apply the Shape schema of Chu`s design art to Wuhan's Modern landscape Design to makes the modern landscape to show the traditional and rich local characteristics. This applying include applying luxuriant schema, applying deformed schema, applying Qiwu schema , applying moving schema, applying derivative schema and applying linearity schema .
Coupled Simulation and Analysis of Wind Environment around Residential Quarter in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Area in China
Authors: Jiang Xin Bo , Yang Chang Zhi , Tang Biao , Chen Wei
Published: August 2013

Computer aided design is an effective means of wind environment assessment and prediction under complex layout, In this paper, the relationships of contact and containment among wind environment was studied by coupled simulation and analysis of wind environment around residential quarter in hot summer and cold winter area, and analyzed how to fix the layout of indoor and outdoor by simulation software during the operation, and make them reach the requirement of Evaluation standard for green building, at the same time make the ecological effects of the buildings complex to maximize.
Experimental Study on Oxygen Supply Performance Influence Factors of Potassium Superoxide Oxygen Board Used in Confined Space
Authors: Li Jing , Jin Long Zhe , Wang Sheng , Zhang Zheng , Xu Yang , Li Qian Kun
Published: August 2013

Oxygen supply is the primary factor in ensuring human survival in confined spaces. Compared with high pressure oxygen bottles, potassium superoxide oxygen board has advantages such as small size, large oxygen storage per unit volume, absorbing carbon dioxide while providing oxygen. However, the release rate of chemical oxygen in a confined space relates to the concentration of carbon dioxide, temperature, humidity and other environmental parameters. To meet human survival needs within the refuge chamber, this paper made experiments on potassium superoxide oxygen production performance factors, including humidity test, carbon dioxide concentrations test, surface spray wet test and so on. Through tests the amount and the rate of oxygen production, and the removal efficiency of carbon dioxide of potassium superoxide in different situations are obtained. And through a human survival experiment, the potassium superoxide oxygen board can satisfy the human body needs is validated. These all provide basis for the establishment of auxiliary oxygen supply facility in the refuge chamber.
The New Modes of Desert Governance
Authors: Fu Heng Yang , Jia Zhi Feng , Pan Hong Xia
Published: August 2013

Desertification has caused great harms to the ecological environment and socio-economic. Through many years test in Xinjiang desert area, some useful modes of desert governance can be implemented: (1) making use of advanced water-saving irrigation technology; (2) combining reasonable cropping patterns with higher economic value plants like arbors, shrubs and medicinal herbs planted in the desert, which not only plays the roles of windbreak and sand fixing, but also can gain some economic, ecological and social benefits.
Study on Energy Exchange of Dry-Land Spring Maize Field in Loess Plateau
Authors: Guo Jia Xuan , Mei Xu Rong , Li Yu Zhong
Published: August 2013

Dry-land spring maize is a main cultivated crop in North-West China. To explore the mechanism for changes of evapotranspiration and heat consumption in dry-land spring maize, eddy covariance technique was used to monitor the energy-exchange characteristics of the crop in Eastern Loess Plateau field. The results showed that the field-energy-balance ratio of dry-land spring maize is in the 0.75 - 1.0 range during non-rainfall daily noon (12:00 - 14:00). The Bowen ratio exhibited "L-type" trend during the total growth stages, namely, the highest Bowen ratio was at seedling stage with phase average 4.85 ± 1.42. The evaporation fraction showed a single peak trend in August, and the higher evaporation ratio met with more precipitation with average values 0.55 ± 0.06. The Bowen ratio and average evaporation fraction at the entire growth period were 1.78 ± 1.71 and 0.40 ± 0.18, respectively. About 40% of surface energy obtained from drought agro-ecosystem was used for evapotranspiration and heat consumption.
The Ecological Effects and Improving Measures of Gravel-Mulched Field in Agricultural Development of the Arid Areas
Authors: Zhao Wen Ju , Wang Li Rong , Zhan Guo Long , Li Na , Wang Fei
Published: August 2013

Gravel-mulched field is a unique mode of conservation tillage created by the working people with gravel as cover material and dependent on natural rainfall. However, with the growth of the planting years of the gravel-mulched field, the ecological effects gradually reduce. Thus, on the basis of the analysis to summarize the type and the thickness of gravel-mulched field, the insulation effect of gravel-mulched field to farmland, the water retention properties, the suppressing salinity function, anti-wind and water erosion capacity and increase production and income etc., we must attach importance to increase the replenishment fertilization to gravel-mulched field, improve the planting patterns of gravel-mulched field, select new varieties of drought-resistant crops, establish modern water-saving supporting system of the gravel-mulched field and other management measures and recommendations of ecosystem to provide a theoretical basis for sustainable development of gravel-mulched field agriculture.
Causes and its Impacts of Soil Erosion in the Rocky Mountain Area of Northern China
Authors: Li Zi Jun , Liu Qiao Qin
Published: August 2013

Soil erosion has been the most prominent issue in Chinas ecological environment. The rocky mountain area of Northern China is an important typical area of soil erosion and one of the most dangerous regions of potential erosion in China characterized by more stones in thinner soils and the land surface is easily reduced to sand gravel or rocky desertification. Concentrated rainfall with frequent rainstorms, broken topography with steep slope and highly dense gully are important natural factors resulting in soil erosion. However, unreasonable land utilization especially slope farmland aggravates soil erosion. Soil erosion results in land degradation, threatens regional water resources security, intensifies regional poverty and restricts socio-economic development. Sloping cultivated land transformation will be the necessary choice for soil and water conservation and ecological construction in this region.
Evaluation of Four Kinds of Water and Soil Conservation Measures on Highway Side Slope
Authors: Wang Shu Li , Zhou Jian Ping , Yang Zhen
Published: August 2013

Four kinds of protective measures and three contrast measures were chosen on Harbin-Suifenhe highway to analyze the effects of different types of soil and water conservation measure on highway side slope soil. The results showed that Soil and water conservation measures of highway side slope increased water holding capacity and soil conservation capacity significantly. The saturated water holding capacity, capillary water holding capacity and field water holding capacity of E, PP grid measure were 1.79 times,1.60 times and 1.62 times respectively of that in contrast 1 measure. E, PP grid measure, resin network measure and spread planting measures reduced runoff 58.5%, 59.3% and 50.8% compared with contrast measures. Consider of landscape and cost factors, spread planting measures was recommended to use on the smaller slope degree of highway side, E, PP grid measure, resin network measure were recommended to be used on the steep slope of highway side, hex hollow brick measure was not recommended.
Impacts of pH and Electrolyte on Cadmium Desorption Characteristics in Contaminated Soil
Authors: Chen Su , Chao Lei , Sun Li Na , Sun Tie Heng
Published: August 2013

In this paper, two kinds of different pollution degree soils denoted as L1 and L2 were used as test soils. Desorption experiment was carried out to study the impacts of pH and electrolyte on desorption characteristics of cadmium (Cd) in soils. The results showed that the variation trends of Cd desorption rates with increase in pH were similar. In other words, it decreased as pH increased. In acidic region, desorption rate of heavy metal Cd decreased rapidly as pH increased. When pH = 4, Cd desorption rate was largest; in neutral and alkaline regions (pH = 7-10), desorption rate of heavy metal Cd decreased slowly as pH increases. Cd desorption behavior was closely related to type and concentration of electrolyte. Under the same concentration, Cd desorption capabilities of three electrolytes in soils L1 and L2 could be expressed in following order: CaCl2> Ca (NO3)2> NaCl.
Study on Soil Moisture Surrounding Coal Mining Subsidence Crack in Semi-Arid Region
Authors: Ma Ying Bin , Gao Yong , Zhang Yan , Dong Jie , Huang Ya Ru
Published: August 2013

To provide theoretical basis for vegetation construction surrounding coal mining subsidence crack in semi-arid region, the focus of studying is on the soil moisture surroundings, the coal mining crack in different widths and soil moisture on different directions of a single crack. The result shows that the greater crack width is, the greater influence on soil moisture, the greater influence on deep soil moisture are. The standard deviations of soil moisture at each distance are crack width 0-20cm< width 20-40cm < width 40-60cm < width>60cm. Soil moisture along the crack direction has no obvious distribution regularity, on the vertical crack strike, and within a certain distance, with the increase of distance between crack, the tendency of soil moisture content is increased.
Ecologically Civilized Campus: A Rational Choice for the Construction of Ecological Civilization
Authors: Li Wei
Published: August 2013

Ecological Civilization has become the focus of global common concern, while the campus is playing an important role in the process of the construction of ecological civilization. This article gives a definition to the Ecologically Civilized Campus, makes analysis on the ecological responsibility of the school as well as the establishment of the path for the ecologically civilized campus. Establishing an ecologically civilized campus is a rational choice for the construction of ecological civilization.