bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenging Diagnosis of Fahr's Disease Mimicking Parkinson's Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Sanaei Erfan , Bidaki Reza , Pashmchi Mohammad , Jalalifard Hamid
Published: February 2025

Patients presenting with parkinsonism symptoms such as severe bradykinesia and significant hypophonia, along with an atypical clinical course, should be evaluated for secondary parkinsonism syndromes and other causes of parkinsonism. One of these causes is known as Fahr's disease, which is often overlooked by neurologists and other physicians.
A Fatal Case of Necrotizing Pneumonia Caused by Hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Ishiyama Kaori , Miyamoto Kyohei , Shima Nozomu , Inoue Shigeaki
Published: February 2025

Necrotizing pneumonia has a high mortality rate of approximately 50%. Its computed tomography findings lack enhancement in areas of consolidation. These findings should be interpreted as potentially indicative of a severe clinical course. Hypermucovisous strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae are often hypervirulent and may cause fatal necrotizing pneumonia.
Enhanced Mass Transfer by Hydrophobic pore SiO2 Mask for the Improvement of Methanol production from CO2 photoreduction
Authors: Zhang Liang , Hu Ting , Ma Weiwei , Liu Xuan , Huang Chengxi , Huo Hailing , Wang Tongyu , Ju Qiang , Wu Fang , Kan Erjun , Li Ang
Published: February 2025

The photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (PCRR), that is, the artificial photosynthesis, is a promising route for the clean utilization of renewable resources. But poor selectivity resulting from the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in aqueous solution limits its practical applicability. However, the conventional polymers enhanced surface method hinder the transfer of charge carriers from catalysts to reactants. Here in, we fabricated a photocatalyst with hydrophobic mesoporous mask. The hydrophobic SiO2 mask prevents Pt from H2O and facilitates effective contact between CO2 (gas) and photocatalyst. Owing to the hydrophobic property of SiO2 mask, CO2 gas can be trapped within the channels of the mesopores, thereby promoting the PCRR reaction. The photocatalytic PCRR generation rate of CH3OH can reach 156.4 μmol·g‐1·h‐1. This article will provide a new approach for improving CO2 reduction and selectivity through hydrophobic modification of photocatalysts.
Alumina Supported Iron Catalysts for the Selective Acetylene Hydrogenation under Industrial Front‐End Conditions
Authors: Lamers Hannah , Schummer Malte , Lucas Martin , Rose Marcus
Published: February 2025

The removal of acetylene traces from ethylene streams coming from the steamcracker is carried out in the industry on an annual scale of several million tonnes using Pd‐Ag/Al2O3 catalysts. The substitution of palladium containing catalysts with more abundant, cheap and non‐toxic materials is a first crucial step towards a more sustainable chemical industry. Since iron is one of the most abundant metals and can be mined in almost all regions world wide, it is an ideal catalyst material. In this work, we present the development of alpha alumina supported iron catalysts with 1 wt%, 5 wt% and 10 wt% iron loading and their application in the selective acetylene hydrogenation under industrially applied front‐end conditions. The catalysts were prepared via simple incipient wetness‐impregnation and were analyzed via XRD, XRF, TPR, TEM and N2‐Physisorption. The catalysts were subsequently calcined, reduced and tested in the selective acetylene hydrogenation. After an activation phase, the catalysts show excellent activity and selectivity in the acetylene hydrogenation at 90 °C without significant ethylene hydrogenation. The excellent catalytic activity underline the great potential of iron based catalysts as an alternative to conventional Pd‐containing materials.
Metal‐Organic Framework–Specific Catalysis
Authors: Bengsch Marco , Neumann Constanze N.
Published: February 2025

The precision with which atoms can be positioned in 3D space through reticular chemistry imbues metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) with the potential to access catalytic performance beyond what is possible with classical heterogeneous manifolds. In this paper, we highlight illustrative examples in which MOF‐based catalysts integrate adsorption and catalysis, optimize cooperation, bypass high‐energy intermediates, bring about active site regeneration, stabilize unusual active sites or use extended environment effects in order to break new ground in catalyst design.
Data‐driven deep learning prediction of full molecular weight distribution in polymerization processes
Authors: Mora‐Mariano Dante , Flores‐Tlacuahuac Antonio , Zapata‐González Iván , Saldívar‐Guerra Enrique
Published: February 2025

The mathematical modelling of the full molecular weight distribution (MWD) results in a large set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), which usually requires considerable computation time because of stiffness behaviour. This study applies state‐of‐the‐art deep learning (DL) methods to model three academically and industrially relevant polymerization processes: free radical polymerization (FRP), reversible addition–fragmentation (RAFT), and coordination catalyst polymerization (CCP). The DL models were trained with datasets generated from the numerical solution of the first principles kinetic model of each polymerization process. Then, the applied DL models were used to predict the conversion rate, average molar weights, and molecular weight distributions with minimum deviations and reduced computational load. Therefore, by reducing the large computational load, this type of DL models can make feasible the application of on‐line optimal control strategies to complex and economically important polymerization processes.
Titania: From a waste solid catalyst to an inorganic pigment
Authors: Doan Nhuan N. , Nguyen Khanh T. , Nguyen Giang P. T. , Nguyen Linh T. T.
Published: February 2025

The aim of the present study is to recover a waste titania catalyst from α‐pinene isomerization, recycle it and use it in the production of inorganic pigments. The acid‐contaminated titania (ACT), prepared from ilmenite ore by sulphation, has the potential to function as a solid acid catalyst due to the presence of both Brønsted and Lewis acid sites, with a specific surface area of 163 m2 g−1. The catalytic efficiency was evaluated in the isomerization of turpentine (83.8 wt.% α‐pinene) at a reaction temperature of 120°C, using a turpentine:catalyst mass ratio of 4:1. The α‐pinene conversion was 99.6% with a camphene selectivity of 43 wt.%. The waste catalyst was recovered and subjected to calcination at a suitable temperature to remove all organic compounds and make it suitable for use in the production of inorganic pigments. The calcined product exhibits pigment properties including a pure rutile phase, an average grain size of 0.2 μm, a specific surface area of 29 m2 g−1 and a reflectance in visible light of 95%. This study has provided a practical, simple, and cost‐effective solution for the treatment of residual acid on titania obtained from the hydration of titanyl sulphate, while also demonstrating the simultaneous application of titania in catalysis and pigment production.
Application of immobilized Burkholderia cepacia lipase on clay in the production of ethyl esters
Authors: Molinari Deise , da Silva Edson Antonio , Aranha Ana Caroline Raimundini , Paschoal Sirlei Marques , Mogollón Emerson Barrios , Figueiredo Lucas Silva , Arroyo Pedro Augusto , Zanin Gisella Maria
Published: February 2025

The present work aimed to use commercial Spectrogel clay (type C) as a support for immobilizing Burkholderia cepacia lipase to produce ethyl esters. The highest yield in ethyl ester production was obtained under the following conditions: 1% water (kg kg−1 oil), oil‐to‐ethanol molar ratio of 1:3, and 15% immobilized biocatalyst (kg kg−1 oil). A kinetic assay was conducted under the optimal conditions obtained to validate the experiment, which already showed a high yield within 6 h (78.82 ± 2.28% for LBC‐ADS and 89.42 ± 2.65% for LBC‐CB) and reaction equilibrium in 18 h (84.76 ± 0.36% for LBC‐ADS and 98.05 ± 1.24% for LBC‐CB). Heterogeneity tests were conducted at 1 and 12 h of reaction to analyze the interaction between the support and the enzyme, showing that after the removal of the biocatalysts after 1 h of reaction, there was no significant release of enzymes into the reaction medium.
An insight derived from CFD investigation on the regulation of vortex flow in jet impact negative pressure reactors: VG baffle structure
Authors: Chai Xinjie , Hu Lingxing , Yang Guangzhou , Dong Yingying , Zhang Hao , Qiu Facheng
Published: February 2025

The jet impact negative pressure reactor (JI‐NPR) is capable of achieving high efficiency and energy savings through continuous ammonia removal. A large number of multi‐scale vortex structures appear during the evolution of porous jet impingement under negative pressure conditions. The mixed model of mixture and the turbulence model of rsealizable k‐ε were used to simulate the flow field and vortex in the reactor. Firstly, the most suitable method to describe the multi‐scale vortex structure is determined. Next, the vortex core and other flow structures were modulated by configuring the spoiler elements. Specifically, the influence of parameters, including the quantity of spoiler elements (baffles), radial distances, and wing widths, on the turbulent flow field were investigated. Finally, the response surface method was used to construct the regression model equations for pressure drop and homogeneity. It is demonstrated that the Ω‐criterion offers a more accurate identification of the flow field inside the JI‐NPR. The baffle structure is conducive to reducing energy dissipation, destabilizing the flow field structure, and improving the interphase flow transfer efficiency. The relevant regression equations and optimal structural parameters are also determined. The present study can provide the foundation for the optimization of the geometry design of the JI‐NPR.
A Tandem Route toward Isoxazolidine Fused Phospholene Skeleton Involving Dearomative [3+2] Cycloaddition of P‐Heteroarenes and Nitrones
Authors: Xu Chenyong , Wang Yingqiang , Xiao Meng , Tian Rongqiang , Duan Zheng
Published: February 2025

Comprehensive Summary

The demands for effective assembly of structurally complex molecular scaffolds from simple starting materials are continuously growing along with the development of organic chemistry. We have developed a tandem approach that assembles simple β‐chloroethylphosphane, alkynyl imines (or alkynyl ketones), and nitrones into structurally complex isoxazolidine fused phospholene scaffolds through a sequential process involving phospha‐Michael addition, intramolecular cyclization, and dearomatizing [3+2] cycloaddition reactions. The isoxazolidine‐fused phospholene has three heteroatoms, including a junction phosphorus atom. After removing the coordinated tungsten group, these compounds can serve as potential P‐stereogenic ligands and may have biological activities. Contrary to pyrroles and furans, the aromatic 2‐phosphapyrroles and 2‐phosphafurans are good 2π‐electron candidates in the dearomative [3+2] cycloaddition reactions due to the poor overlap of the 2p‐3p orbitals of the C=P moiety.
Natural and Artificial Aging Methods For Silver Mock‐ups In Recent Conservation And Heritage Studies: A Short Review
Authors: Wu Qing , Zhou Han , Bertrand Loïc , Stols‐Witlox Maartje , Brambilla Laura , Joseph Edith
Published: February 2025

Silver has been widely used for art and heritage objects throughout history, due to its excellent ductility, malleability and brilliant metallic lustre. However, silver objects tarnish over time and must be regularly treated to maintain their appearance. In conservation and heritage studies, naturally or artificially aged silver mock‐ups are often used to simulate the tarnishing conditions of valuable historical silver objects. Over the last few decades, many research groups have proposed different aging protocols. In this paper, we reviewed the silver aging protocols employed in recent studies in the field. Although the chemistry‐based aging methods are most widely used, issues regarding alterations of the tarnish stratigraphy and negative influences on environment and operator safety should not be neglected. This review aims to provide important references for conservators, scientists and researchers to select safe and suitable aging methods for building their own mock‐up systems, and to encourage the development of more sustainable aging protocols for future conservation of historical silver objects.
HCRP‐OSD: Fine‐Grained Open‐Set Intrusion Detection Based on Hybrid Convolution and Adversarial Reciprocal Points Learning
Authors: Cai Nengfu , Jiang Yi , Zhang Haitao , Yang Zhiwen , Zhong Laicheng , Chen Qi
Published: February 2025

Amidst the swift progression of network technology, unknown network attacks and malicious code iterations perpetually surface, thereby imposing augmented exigencies on the efficacy and innovativeness of intrusion detection systems within networks. Timely detection of unknown network attacks is critical to reducing the risk of significant damage to systems. This paper aims to develop an open‐set intrusion detection model that is able to infer unknown network attacks and correctly classify known attacks. In order to enable the model to classify known attacks while inferring unknown attacks correctly, we consider the open space risk of unknown attacks when training the known attacks classification model. Specifically, we propose an open‐set intrusion detection system, HCRP‐OSD, consisting of three modules: Network flow feature extraction, hybrid convolutional network, and ARPL open‐set intrusion detection. The network flow feature extraction module extracts data information from the original network traffic to avoid the loss of original information caused by manual design and selection of features. The hybrid convolutional network module learns distinguishable features between different known attacks. The hybrid convolutional network uses two learning channels, a two‐dimensional CNN and a one‐dimensional residual network, to obtain attack features from different angles. The features are aggregated at the output layer. The ARPL open‐set intrusion detection module learns a set of vectors as reciprocal points for each known attack and maximizes the distance between the known attack and its reciprocal point during training. This increases the discrimination between known and unknown attacks while accurately classifying known attacks. Experiments on the dataset CICIDS2017 show that our method outperforms the baseline models. The AUROC for identifying unknown attacks is 97.59%. The classification accuracy for known attacks is 99.97%.
Role of Ion‐Pair and H‐Bonding in Colorimetric Detection of Insulin Fibrils with Picomolar Sensitivity
Authors: Nath Sukhendu , Sen Ayentika , Mora Aruna K. , Kundu Soumitra
Published: February 2025

Ultrasensitive detection of amyloid fibril, a biomarker of several neurological diseases, has been achieved using a hemicyanine dye. Amyloid fibril induces a remarkable change in the absorption spectral position (~115 nm) of the perchlorate salt of the probe leading to a naked‐eye detection of neurotoxic protein aggregates. Such large shift in the absorption spectra has been utilised to develop a simple and cost effective paper based detection of insulin aggregates with a limit of detection (LOD) of  <2 pM. Besides the changes in the absorption spectra, the emission intensity of the probe shows almost two orders of magnitude increase in the presence of insulin amyloid fibrils. Such dual sensing properties of the present hemicyanine molecule make it a noble probe for amyloid fibrils. Our detailed investigation on the fundamental mechanism responsible for the fibril‐induced spectral changes in the dye has established the role of amyloid induced dissociation of ion‐pair and solute‐solvent hydrogen bonding in the colorimetric detection of amyloid fibrils. Quantum chemical calculations and blind molecular docking studies have also been performed to strengthen our experimental observations. This result will open up a new frontier in the field of amyloid probes based on the unique mechanism proposed in this work.
Clinical Outcome and Predictors of Customized Polyetheretherketone Post‐and‐Cores for Residual Root and Crown: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Wang Xin , Liu Chen , Liu Yuchen , Ma Dan , Ren Ruifang , Zhang Mingxing , Guo Jiawen , Zhao Yimin , Li Dongmei , Bai Shizhu
Published: February 2025

Objectives

This retrospective, non‐interventional study aimed to evaluate the longevity and factors influencing the success of custom‐fabricated polyetheretherketone (PEEK) post‐and‐cores in endodontically treated teeth (ETT).

Material and Methods

During the observation period (2019–2022), 63 patients received 100 customized PEEK post‐and‐cores. Clinical outcomes were analyzed based on the following parameters: age, gender, tooth type, tooth position, proximal contacts, remaining cavity walls, antagonist contacts, and final restoration. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used for the survival probability. Log‐rank tests were used to identify univariate associations between failure rates and other potential factors. Cox regression was used to assess the risk of failure and determine possible risks between the identified factors at a cut‐off point p‐value (0.25 in univariate analysis).

Results

The median follow‐up duration was 20.62 months, with a maximum of 40.57 months. 93 restorations were judged as successful and 99 teeth survived. The main failure type was decementation of the restoration (n = 4). The annual failure rate was 3.4%. Gender, remaining tooth structure, and final restoration were found to be correlated with success rates in the preliminary univariate analysis (Log‐rank tests) to determine the association between failure rates and potential factors. Multifactorial survival analysis (Cox regression) showed that teeth with coronal walls had a significantly lower failure risk than deprived teeth, even with the ferrule effect. (HR = 0.04; 95% CI for HR = 0.01–0.29; p = 0.002).

Conclusions

PEEK post‐and‐cores adapt well to clinical restorative needs and offer favorable short‐term clinical outcomes. The remaining cavity wall was a significant success rate predictor.
Executive Ownership and Minority Shareholder Protection: Drivers of Environmental Innovation in China's A‐Share Market
Authors: Yue Shanshan , Khatib Saleh F. A. , Bajuri Norkhairul Hafiz , Sulimany Hamid Ghazi H , Lee Yini
Published: February 2025

This study explores the relationship between executive ownership, minority shareholder protection, and environmental innovation in China. We conducted the study using a comprehensive sample of A‐share companies listed on the Chinese Exchange Market from 2013 to 2022. The final sample consists of 29,366 observations. The results show that executive ownership significantly boosts environmental innovation, especially in low‐polluting industries. However, its impact is minimal in high‐polluting sectors, highlighting the necessity of external regulatory frameworks. Minority shareholder protection positively moderates this relationship, indicating its critical role in fostering environmentally beneficial strategies. Executive salary also encourages innovation but to a lesser extent than ownership, suggesting potential governance challenges with just short‐term financial incentives. The research underscores the importance of policies aligning executive incentives with long‐term environmental goals and strengthening minority shareholder rights for effective corporate sustainability efforts. Hence, policymakers should focus on creating policies that encourage sustainable innovation, particularly in high‐polluting industries where internal governance alone may not suffice.
High Step‐Up Interleaved DC‐DC Converter With Fault‐Tolerant Capability
Authors: Velmajala Krishna , Sandepudi Srinivasa Rao
Published: February 2025

The primary characteristics of a DC‐DC converter designed for critical load applications include the assurance of reconfigurable capability, high voltage gain, reduced input current ripple, and minimum voltage stress across power switches. Therefore, in this paper, a high step‐up interleaved DC‐DC converter with fault‐tolerant capability is presented. The proposed converter is reconfigured without additional components during faults. Additionally, it provides low input current ripple, high voltage gain with reduced component count, lower voltage stress, higher efficiency, and uniform current sharing among inductors and switches during normal and fault conditions without any modification to the controller. A 200 W prototype converter was designed, fabricated, and tested to verify the feasibility of the proposed control strategy, and results are presented to highlight its merits.
Differential Flight Responses of Sympatric Raptor Species to Weather Conditions and Extreme Temperature Events
Authors: Naves‐Alegre Lara , García‐Mayoral Hernán , Morant Jon , Pérez‐García Juan Manuel , Dias Andreia , Cano‐Montes Elvira , Sánchez Ángel , García‐Matarranz Víctor
Published: February 2025

Climate change has increased the frequency, severity, and duration of extreme weather events, for example, heatwaves, underscoring the need to comprehend their impact on animal behavior. Flying organisms, particularly birds, are greatly affected by changes in atmospheric conditions and may modify their speed or direction, adjust their flight strategy, and even make decisions on whether to fly based on weather. In this study, we assessed flight‐related parameters in three GPS‐tagged raptor species: the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), the Bonelli's eagle (Aquila fasciata), and the Spanish eagle (Aquila adalberti), in relation to weather conditions and heatwaves. The results showed that the three species varied in their flight patterns despite similar environmental conditions, including temperature, precipitation, wind speed, and atmospheric pressure. Each species exhibited unique strategies and responsiveness to heatwaves, reflecting diverse adaptive capacities and behavioral flexibilities. Specifically, Bonelli's eagle displayed comparatively minor adjustments in its flight strategy during periods of extreme temperature, contrasting with the pronounced behavioral variations observed in the golden eagle. These findings suggest that extreme and unpredictable weather events, particularly heatwaves, may impact raptor species differently. An understanding of how extreme weather events may impact individual fitness, through modifications to energy expenditure and foraging practices, is essential for predicting their potential impact on long‐term population dynamics.
The presence of American beech litter can alter the growth response of sugar maple seedlings to drought
Authors: Collin Alexandre , Ghotsa Mekontchou Claudele , Maheu Audrey , Nolet Phillipe , Sotelo Francesca , Rivest David
Published: February 2025

In late successional forests of North America, sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) form a complex ecosystem with intricate interactions. Over the last few decades, several studies have reported a marked increase in American beech dominance relative to sugar maple. Recent evidence suggests that extreme events such as drought could accelerate sugar maple's maladaptation to climate change and favor American beech in its replacement dynamics. In this study, we conducted a greenhouse experiment to investigate the effects of soil water stress and American beech presence on sugar maple seedling growth, structural physiology, leaf nitrogen, and chlorophyll. The seedlings were subjected to the following treatments independently and in combination for 82 days: soil water stress; soil originating from stands with American beech proliferation; soil sterilization; and presence of American beech litter. The results revealed that soil water stress was the primary factor significantly reducing sugar maple seedling growth, which also resulted in an increased root‐to‐shoot ratio. The presence of soil from stands with American beech proliferation did not exacerbate this negative effect. Soil sterilization, initially expected to reduce seedling growth by eliminating mycorrhizal associations, actually improved seedling growth. This suggests that adverse biotic processes, such as pathogens, were present in the soils regardless of their origin, and their negative effects outweighed the potential benefits from mycorrhization. The addition of American beech litter mitigated the effects of soil water stress but also introduced allelopathic compounds that hindered seedling growth. Overall, this study highlighted the complex interactions affecting sugar maple seedling growth, emphasizing that drought is a major limiting factor.
Rhodacycles Activity in P‐Directed Rhodium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of π‐Extended Aromatic Fluoranthenyl Phosphines
Authors: Roger Julien , Sire Charline , Tsivery Anthonia , Sabbadin Henri , Cattey Hélène , Penouilh Marie-José , Fleurat-Lessard Paul , Hierso Jean-Cyrille
Published: February 2025

We report herein novel polyarylated phosphine diphenylphosphino‐1‐fluoranthenyl ligands by rhodium‐catalyzed phosphine‐directed C–H arylation. The nature of the rhodium precatalysts that is employed plays an essential role for the control of the reaction and its resulting product. By using the dimeric [Rh(III)Cl2Cp*]2 as the catalyst, a “classical” single peri‐functionalization of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons phosphine selectively occurs. Conversely, the use of the ionic [Rh(I)(COD)2] BF4 as the catalyst reveals an unexpected post‐rearrangement that is characterized by the migration of the directing phosphino‐group on the inserted aryl moiety. In this process, a concurrent cascade extension of the functionalization is also achieved by the introduction of a second aryl moiety. We focused our attention on the rhodium catalytic species formed, and the five or seven‐membered rhodacycles as intermediates involved in these C–H catalytic cascade processes. Besides the electronic effects attached to Rh(I) and Rh(III) precatalysts, either cationic or neutral, our results clearly suggest the role of the pentamethylcyclopentadienyl substituent in the selectivity of peri‐C–H‐arylation. Conversely, rhodium stabilized by weakly bonded more fluxional bis‐cyclooctadienyl ligands enters more easily into further reactivity, promoting 2‐fold arylation reactions or even participate to diphenylphosphino group rearrangement.
Optimizing the number of players and training bout durations in soccer small‐sided games: Effects on mood balance and technical performance
Authors: Farhani Zouhaier , Ghouili Hatem , Dhahbi Wissem , Ammar Achraf , Ben Aissa Mohamed , Bouzouraa Mohamed Mansour , Trabelsi Khaled , Guelmami Noomen , Souissi Nizar , Dergaa Ismail , Bouassida Anissa , Ben Ezzeddine Lamia
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to determine the effects of different bout durations (1 × 12 min, 2 × 6 min and 3 × 4 min) of three‐a‐side (3vs3) and four‐a‐side (4vs4) small sided games (SSGs) with goalkeepers, on the profile of mood state (POMS) scores, and technical performance (percentage of successful passes, percentage of successful tackles, percentage of successful duels, and percentage of ball loss) in soccer players. Methods: Sixteen semiprofessional male soccer players participated in the study (age: 20.7 ± 0.7 years, height: 179.5 ± 6.1 cm, body mass: 67.2 ± 4.9 kg, body fat: 10.7 ± 0.7%). In randomized counterbalanced order, participants completed the six different conditioned SSGs (2 playing‐formats × 3 bout‐durations). POMS scores and technical performance data were collected during each bout of SSGs. Results: The data demonstrated that the continuous‐bout‐duration (1 × 12 min) of 4vs4 and 3vs3 SSGs was characterized by a significant decrease in total mood disturbance (TMD) compared to 2 × 6 min and 3 × 4 min (4vs4:p < 0.01; 3vs3:p < 0.001). Continuous bout duration showed a greater (p < 0.05) percentage of successful passes compared to 2 × 6 min (4vs4; d = 2.57 [very large] and 3vs3: d = 1.79 [large]) and 3 × 4 min (4vs4: d = 2.14 [very large] and 3vs3; d = 1.73 [large]). The percentage of successful tackles was only greater (p < 0.05) for 1 × 12 min in 4vs4 (2 × 6 min; d = 0.83 [moderate] and 3 × 4 min: d = 0.86 [moderate]) and successful duels in 3vs3 (2 × 6 min; d = 1.41 [large] and 3 × 4 min; d = 1.43 [large]). Conclusion: The bout durations in four‐ and three‐a‐side soccer games seem to influence behavioral and technical performance of the players. Therefore, coaches should consider longer continuous bouts when planning SSGs‐based training to significantly decrease TMD and enhance technical‐tactical performance in soccer SSGs.
Scrutinizing the Basis of Pd Electrochemistry: An Accurate Assessment of the Electrochemically Active Surface Area
Authors: Şahin Nihat Ege , Pech‐Rodríguez Wilian Jesus
Published: February 2025

Palladium nanoparticles supported on a pretreated carbon substrate (Pd/C) were synthesized from a surfactant‐free microwave‐heated ethylene glycol without any external reducing agent and characterized by high‐resolution electron transmission microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X‐ray diffraction analysis. Cyclic voltammetry was effectively employed to scrutinize the electrochemical processes such as Pd hydrogen interactions including hydrogen adsorption, absorption, desorption, and hydrogen evolution as well as Pd–oxygen interactions like the oxide formation and the subsequent reduction of the oxide layer. The electrochemical oxidation of palladium was clearly indicated at the potential ranging from 0.78 to 1.20 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) in the anodic scan direction whereas the corresponding reduction peak was observed with a broad peak centered at 0.79 V versus RHE in the reverse scan. Therefore, an accurate evaluation of the EASA measurements on ultrathin film palladium (Pd/C) electrodes in acidic (0.5 mol L−1 H2SO4, pH ∼ 1) media was successfully conducted. Moreover, the steady‐state cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements have been conducted at the lowest scan rate of 1 mV s−1, enabling obtaining of hydrogen adsorption, absorption, and desorption reaction features without concurrent. Besides, Pd/C electrocatalyst exhibited 129 mV overpotential yielding a cathodic current density of 10 mA cm−2 toward hydrogen evolution reaction. This study outlines the description of practical experimental conditions essential for accurately determining the EASA that facilitates a comprehensive evaluation of their electrochemical performance.
Recent Material Advances in Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Capture From Power Plant Flue Gases: Toward Achieving Net Zero Emissions
Authors: Obi Donald , Onyekuru Samuel , Orga Anselem
Published: February 2025

Climate change is caused by an increase in global temperatures, known as global warming. This is largely attributed to the rising levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, with carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel power plants being the major culprit. Implementing carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) strategies is essential to effectively mitigate climate change. However, the complexity and diverse range of emission sources, which vary in terms of volume, composition, location, type, and industry, demand a multifaceted strategy that involves the development of a broad spectrum of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies, materials, and processes. This review article provides an in‐depth review of the three dominant material types utilized globally for CO2 capture from flue gases: Absorbents, Membranes, and Adsorbents (AMA). The author examines the benefits and drawbacks of employing different forms of AMA in post‐combustion capture, highlighting recent breakthroughs in experimental and theoretical modeling, simulation, and optimization studies. The review also explores the strengths and limitations of various AMA configurations, including single‐stage, multi‐stage, and hybrid systems, identifying knowledge gaps and opportunities for advancement in this field. While two‐stage hybrid configurations have emerged as the most promising approach to maximizing CO2 recovery, energy efficiency, and cost savings, further in‐depth techno‐economic evaluations are required to determine the most effective and viable configuration within this hybrid category and pinpoint the optimal solution for real‐world applications.
Coal Seam Roof and Floor Lithology Prediction for Underground Coal Gasification Based on Deep Residual Shrinkage Network
Authors: Guo Jialiang , Yang Ruizhao , Han Fengtao
Published: February 2025

Lithology identification is a crucial task in coal underground gasification projects, serving as a prerequisite for ensuring the safe operation of these endeavors. The inherent complexity in the relationship between logging parameters and lithological compositions creates ambiguity, leading to biases in traditional logging interpretation methodologies. We introduce a lithological prediction model, the deep residual shrinkage network (DRSN), which integrates residual networks, attention mechanisms, and soft‐thresholding strategies. This network mitigates the gradient vanishing issue common in traditional neural networks and enhances the model's focus on essential features, thereby improving its ability to capture critical information. Acoustic, bulk density, neutron, gamma, and deep resistivity logs are used as inputs, with lithology as the output. A comparative analysis between the DRSN and other newer lithological prediction models is conducted. Blind well testing results demonstrate the superior performance of the DSRN, with higher Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1 Scores of 0.8221, 0.7198, 0.8004, and 0.7465, respectively. This study provides a novel and rapid method for lithology evaluation of strata in the early stages of underground coal gasification.
New Record for the Flora of India: Eremochloa ciliaris (L.) Merr. (Panicoideae: Poaceae)
Authors: Kumar Midigesi Anil , Ekka Gautam Anuj , Dhole Pankaj Arvind , Singh Lal Ji
Published: February 2025

Eremochloa ciliaris (L.) Merr. (Panicoideae: Poaceae) reported from South Cinque Island of Cinque Wildlife Sanctuary, South Andaman, provide new records for the flora of India. Taxonomic description, distributional map, key for Indian species of Eremochloa Buse and photo plates have been provided for easy identification.
Phytochemical Potential and Biological Activity of Pumpkin: A Review
Authors: Altaf Aayeena , Sharma Hanu , Dar Aamir Hussain , Dash Kshirod Kumar , Pandey Vinay Kumar , Manzoor Madiya
Published: February 2025

Among all vegetables pumpkin is one of the most important crops which is utilized in the rural as well as urban regions. Pumpkin belongs to family Cucurbitaceae; it is consumed throughout the globe because of its several herbal and medicinal values. Due to the high content of nutritional components such as phenolics, linoleic acid, oils, peptides, vitamin C and E, flavonoids, carotene, protein, terpenoids, phytosterols, and minerals present in pumpkin, it is counted among valuable vegetables. Different evidences from many studies presented the medicinal and therapeutic values of pumpkin peel, pulp, and seeds. Therefore all parts of the pumpkin must be utilized so as to get positive health effects by consuming pumpkin or its parts. Apart from health benefits, pumpkin has been utilized in different fields of food industry such as in meat, bakery, beverage, and diary industries. Rather than consuming pumpkin in raw form, many methods and technologies have been used to develop new and innovative products that can be beneficial in terms of health and nutrition. Therefore, this review was designed to elaborate the phytochemistry, therapeutic and medicinal values, applications in food sector, as well as the toxicity of pumpkin and its parts (peel, pulp, and seeds).
Development of Biscuit Formulation Enriched With Tomato Paste Waste Using Integrated AHP‐TOPSIS Method
Authors: Ozgoren Capraz Ezgi , Capraz Ozan , Turan Figen , Isik Fatma
Published: February 2025

A high amount of waste is generated in tomato paste production. This waste contains tomato peel and seeds which are rich in food components such as carotenoids, phenolic compounds, mineral matters, dietary fibers, proteins, and fats. Therefore, it draws attention as a good enrichment material. In this study, biscuit production was carried out using tomato paste production waste powder (TPWP) at ratios of 0% (control), 6% (TPW6), 12% (TPW12), and 18% (TPW18). In the study, firstly, various chemical, physical, and sensory properties of the biscuit samples were determined. In biscuits, the amount of protein, fat, ash, total dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, total phenolic, lycopene and β‐carotene contents, a* and b* color values, and antioxidant activity value increased significantly as the TPWP addition ratio increased (p < 0.05); carbohydrate ratio, energy value, and L* value decreased significantly (p < 0.05). In light of the results from sensory analysis, the samples produced by adding TPWP up to 12% had similar scores as the control sample in terms of color, odor, hardness, and chewiness parameters (p > 0.05). In addition, overall acceptability scores and taste decreased with the increase in the TPWP addition ratio. Finally, biscuit samples were examined in terms of functional (total dietary fiber, lycopene, β‐carotene, and antioxidant activity) and sensory properties (taste, color, chewiness) using the integrated AHP‐TOPSIS method, and the optimum product formulation was determined as TPW12 according to these criteria. Total dietary fiber, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of TPW12 were found to be approximately 2.2‐, 5.6‐ and 13.6‐ fold higher compared to the control sample, respectively. Additionally, lycopene and β‐carotene contents of TPW12 were 6.57 and 14.75 ppm, whereas no lycopene and β‐carotene were detected in the control sample. The results of the study revealed that TPWP could be an excellent source of dietary fiber, lycopene and β‐carotene for biscuits.
New Predictors for Hydrologic Signatures: Wetlands and Geologic Age Across Continental Scales
Authors: Holt Anne , McMillan Hilary
Published: February 2025

In dry summer months, stream baseflow sourced from groundwater is essential to support aquatic ecosystems and anthropogenic water use. Hydrologic signatures, or metrics describing unique features of streamflow timeseries, are useful for quantifying and predicting these valuable baseflow and groundwater storage resources across continental scales. Hydrologic signatures can be predicted based on catchment attributes summarising climate and landscape and can be used to characterise baseflow and groundwater processes that cannot be directly measured. While past watershed‐scale studies suggest that landscape attributes are important controls on baseflow and storage processes, recent regional‐to‐global scale modelling studies have instead found that landscape attributes have weaker relationships with hydrologic signatures of these processes than expected compared to climate attributes. In this study, we quantify two landscape attributes, average geologic age and the proportion of catchment area covered by wetlands. We investigate if incorporating these additional predictors into existing large‐sample attribute datasets strengthens continental‐scale, empirical relationships between landscape attributes and hydrologic signatures. We quantify 14 hydrologic signatures related to baseflow and groundwater processes in catchments across the contiguous United States, evaluate the relationships between the new catchment attributes and hydrologic signatures with correlation analysis and use the new attributes to predict hydrologic signatures with random forest models. We found that the average geologic age of catchments was a highly influential predictor of hydrologic signatures, especially for signatures describing baseflow magnitude in catchments, and had greater importance than existing attributes of the subsurface. In contrast, we found that the proportion of wetlands in catchments had limited influence on our hydrologic signature predictions. We recommend incorporating catchment geologic age into large‐sample catchment datasets to improve predictions of baseflow and storage hydrologic signatures and processes across continental scales.
Enhanced Spatial Dry–Wet Contrast in the Future of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Yang Fan , Ye Aizhong , Wang Yunfei
Published: February 2025

The geographical uniqueness of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) determines its significance as ‘Asia's Water Tower’. It is expected that climate change in this area will cause extreme weather occurrences, stress water resources and increase the vulnerability of ecosystems in the future. However, the precise quantitative impact of climate change on the QTP remains uncertain. In this study, using coupled model intercomparison project (CMIP) phase 6 multi‐model data and a distributed time‐variant gain hydrological model (DTVGM), we examined the spatiotemporal attributes of climate and hydrology across the QTP under various socioeconomic progress trajectories and greenhouse gas emission scenarios (SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5, SSP3‐7.0 and SSP5‐8.5). Over the next 80 years, an overall warming trend was observed on the QTP, accompanied by a decrease in annual total water resources. The drier the arid regions, the wetter are the humid regions on the future QTP. Runoff will decrease by 74.92% in the region, and evaporation will increase by 84.93% from 2020 to 2099. In SSP5‐8.5, the precipitation change rate was −6.22 mm/10a, and the runoff change rate was −8.84 mm/10a. After a year of abrupt precipitation change (2052–2064), the decrease in runoff became significantly faster. The total runoff was approximately 58.00% of the surface runoff. Unlike the runoff trend, evaporation displayed a fluctuating upward pattern, with an average change rate of 2.78 mm/10a. Spatially, the variations in dry–wet conditions became more evident, showing a substantial decrease in runoff and a noteworthy increase in evaporation on the northeastern plateau. In the southeastern region of the Yarlung Tsangpo River Basin, the precipitation and runoff increase rates were notably higher than those in other regions. Moreover, there was a significant surge in runoff in areas adjacent to the glaciers. In conclusion, this study offers valuable insights into decision‐making concerning future developmental trajectories in the region.
The economic impact of the pharmacist in heart failure ambulatory care clinics: A scoping review
Authors: Brasseur‐Masse Justine , Duguay‐Gentile Abigail , Gao Claire , Moindrot‐Zilliox Salomé , Radetskyy Roman , Turgeon Ricky D. , Deschênes Patrick J. F.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Heart failure (HF) is a chronic condition and a leading cause of hospitalization with high rates of mortality. HF is associated with high costs related to hospitalization, medical procedures, treatments, and medications, and is projected to reach $69.8 billion by 2030 in the United States. As pharmacists are being integrated into HF clinics, studies have shown that clinical pharmacy interventions reduce the number of hospitalizations and deaths. While clinical benefits are clear, the economic impact of different pharmacist interventions remains to be proven.

Methods

We aimed to conduct a scoping review to narratively synthesize the literature describing the costs of clinical pharmacy interventions in ambulatory HF clinics. MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL were searched from database inception to May 2024. We searched for articles containing all four key concepts: ambulatory clinic, pharmacist, heart failure, and cost.

Results

From 189 records identified, we included 10 studies published in English. The presence of a pharmacist in HF clinics or programs showed an overall trend of reduction in costs related to hospitalization and overall health care costs. Additionally, the overview of the literature and methodology of other studies allowed us to identify the variables necessary to establish an economic model. These include the number of patients seen by the pharmacist, type and number of interventions performed, number and costs of hospitalizations, number and costs of health care appointments or visits in and out of the HF clinic, costs of drugs taken per patient, pharmacists' salary, full‐time equivalent of pharmacists, and uptake of guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT).

Conclusion

Based on this scoping review, clinical pharmacy intervention has demonstrated cost reduction, but has not yet been formally evaluated using a cost‐effectiveness or utility design. This review provides the framework required for a future economic study.
Borneol Ameliorates Non‐Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Promoting AMPK‐Mediated Lipophagy
Authors: Sriramdasu Shalemraju , Sharma Shivam , Ansari Abid Reza , Phatak Nikhil Vinayak , Tikoo Kulbhushan
Published: February 2025

Despite the worldwide surge in the prevalence of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), however, no efficacious treatment has been clinically approved to date for combating this condition, necessitating elucidation of new therapeutic compounds. Our research presented evidence pertaining to the successful induction of NAFLD in C57BL/6 mice using a multiple liver insults paradigm. This was achieved by concurrently administering thioacetamide (100 mg/kg i.p.) along with high‐fat and high‐fructose diet (HFFrD) for 10 weeks. Following this, the beneficial effect of borneol, a bicyclic monoterpenoid, was observed in NAFLD mice in a dose‐dependent manner. Borneol administration for 4 weeks led to significant improvement in morphometric, metabolic profiles, liver functions, and oxidative stress parameters. Accumulation of lipids in hepatic tissues, which is characteristic feature of NAFLD, was confirmed by H&E, as well as oil‐red O staining was alleviated by borneol. Our investigation elucidated the pro‐autophagic effect of borneol via AMPK activation, thereby leading to the downstream activation of autophagy effector proteins, that is, Beclin1, ATG5, ATG7, and LC3 I‐II, which helps to diminish the hepatic lipid loads through augmentation of lipophagy. This study demonstrates that borneol combats NAFLD through augmentation of AMPK‐mediated lipophagy offering a promising therapeutic strategy against NAFLD.
Minimizing Variable Downhole Fractionation in U–Pb Zircon Geochronology by LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS at Smaller Spot Size
Authors: Singhal Saurabh , Singh Sandeep , Singh Dharmendra
Published: February 2025

The development of LA‐ICPMS and LA‐MC‐ICPMS resulted in analytical methods for zircon geochronology using a 20‐ to 60‐μm laser spot size. A high amount of complexly zoned zircons promotes the requirement of U–Pb dating at smaller spot sizes. When spot size reduces, downhole fractionation (DHF) increases, increasing the DHF discrepancy between zircon grains and the primary reference zircon standard and resulting in inaccurate results. With MC‐ICPMS's high sensitivity and multi‐collector capabilities, this work attempts to accurately determine age with spatial resolutions below 20 μm. Three well‐characterized zircon standards (91500, GJ‐1, and Plešovice) were tested at spot sizes of 35, 20, 15, and 10 μm. Laser and mass spectrometry tuning, laser shot count, and ablation time have been optimized to reduce the DHF effect on measurement accuracy. Static ablation of 35‐ to 15‐μm spots with 150 laser shot counts (30 s) yielded precision of less than 1.5% and age offset of less than 2%. The DHF differs significantly from the reference standard and two test zircon samples used for validation, with an age offset of 4% at 10‐μm spot sizes. Masking shot counts from the end enhanced accuracy, notably for lower laser shot counts and shorter ablation times. At 75 laser shot counts, precision reached 1.4% and age offsets reduced to 1.6% for 206Pb/238U age. This method minimizes laser shot counts to avoid sampling two age groups. Higher zircon DHF variability at smaller spot sizes may influence a well‐calibrated, sensitive LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS analytical figure of merit.