bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Method of adjustment of three circuit system of active shielding of magnetic field in multi-storey buildings from overhead power lines with wires triangular arrangement
Authors: Kuznetsov B. I. , Nikitina T. B. , Bovdui I. V. , Voloshko O. V. , Kolomiets V. V. , Kobylianskiy B. B.
Published: March 2022

Aim. For the first time the method of adjustment of three circuit system of the active shielding of the magnetic field based on experimentally determined space-time characteristics to increase the shielding factor in a multi-storey building located near a single-circuit overhead transmission lines with a wires triangular arrangement was developed. Methodology. When synthesizing the laboratory model of system of active shielding the coordinates of spatial arrangement and of three shielding coils, the currents in shielding coils and resulting magnetic flux density value in the shielding space were calculated. The synthesis is based on the multi-criteria game decision, in which the payoff vector is calculated on the basis on quasi-stationary approximation solutions of the Maxwell equations. The game decision is calculated based on the stochastic particles multi swarm optimization algorithms. Results. Computer simulation and experimental research of the space-time characteristics of laboratory model of three circuit system of active shielding of magnetic field, generated by overhead power lines with phase conductors triangle arrangements in multi-storey building are given. The possibility of initial magnetic flux density level reducing to the sanitary standards level is shown. Originality. For the first time the synthesis and adjustment of laboratory model of three circuit system of active shielding of magnetic field based on experimentally determined space-time characteristics to increase the shielding factor in a multi-storey building located near a single-circuit overhead transmission lines with a wires triangular arrangement carried out. Practical value. Practical recommendations from the point of view of the implementation of developed method of adjustment of the three circuit system of the active shielding of the magnetic field based on experimentally determined space-time characteristics in a multi-storey building located near a single-circuit overhead transmission lines with a triangular arrangement of wires are given.
Power quality improvement in distribution system based on dynamic voltage restorer using PI tuned fuzzy logic controller
Authors: Gopal Reddy S. , Ganapathy S. , Manikandan M.
Published: March 2022

Purpose. This article proposes a new control strategy for Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) in utility grid for distribution system. The proposed DVR using PI tuned fuzzy logic scheme is based on replacement of conventional DVR and voltage sag compensation in distribution system network. The novelty of the proposed work consists in presenting an enhanced PI tuned fuzzy logic algorithm to control efficiently the dynamic voltage restorer when voltage sag is suddenly occurred. Methods. The proposed algorithm which provides sophisticated and cost-effective solution for power quality problems. Our strategy is based on tuned fuzzy control of reactive powers and also closed loop for harmonic reduction in distribution system. The proposed control technique strategy is validated using MATLAB / Simulink software to analysis the working performances. Results. The results obtained clearly show that DVR using PI tuned fuzzy logic have good performances (sag compensation, harmonic reduction) compared to conventional DVR. Originality. Compensation of voltage sag/ swell in distribution for reactive power and current harmonic reduction by using DVR based PI tuned fuzzy logic controller. Practical value. The work concerns the comparative study and the application of DVR based on PI tuned fuzzy techniques to achieve a good performance control system of the distribution system. This article presents a comparative study between the conventional DVR control and PI tuned fuzzy DVR control. The strategy based on the use of a PI tuned fuzzy controller algorithm for the control of the continuous voltage sag and harmonic for the distribution network-linear as well as non-linear loads in efficient manner. The study is validated by the simulation results based on MATLAB / Simulink software.
Hak Hadhanah Anak yang Belum Mumayiz kepada Ayah Kandung Perspektif Hukum Islam
Authors: Winanda Putri Levi , Hidayatul Imtihanah Anis
Published: March 2022

Custody of minors (Hadhanah) is the right to take care of small children, both male and female, or those who are mentally unsound. The issue of Hadhanah received particular attention in Islamic teachings. The divorce occurs in the household, the one who is more entitled to take care of the child is the mother or the mother's lineage and above. Meanwhile, what happened in one of the families in Kincang Wetan Village was because the mother worked abroad, so that child custody was given to her biological father. This study aims to discover more about the hadhanah rights of children who have not been mumayyiz given to their biological fathers. The type of research conducted by the author is field research that uses qualitative methods, while the data collection techniques used are observation, interviews and documentation. The results showed that the hadhanah rights of children who had not been mumayyiz were given to the father because the mother worked abroad, and for the care of the child since joining his father, he received good care. According to Islamic law, the hadhanah rights granted to the father are allowed because the mother cannot obtain these rights. Based on the maslahah mursalah, the hadhanah rights given to the father are allowed because it is to realize goodness, besides that because the child has been accustomed to following his father since childhood, and so that the rights of the child are still fulfilled.

Hak asuh anak di bawah umur (Hadhanah) merupakan hak untuk memelihara anak kecil, baik laki-laki maupun perempuan atau yang kurang sehat akalnya. Masalah Hadhanah mendapat perhatian khusus dalam ajaran Islam. Apabila di dalam rumah tangga terjadi perceraian, yang lebih berhak untuk mengasuh anak adalah pihak ibu atau garis keturunan ibu ke atas. Sedangkan yang terjadi di salah satu keluarga di Desa Kincang Wetan karena ibu bekerja di luar negeri sehingga hak asuh anak diberikan kepada Ayah kandungnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut tentang hak hadhanah anak yang belum mumayyiz yang diberikan pada ayah kandung. Adapun jenis penelitian yang dilakukan penulis merupakan penelitian lapangan yang menggunakan metode kualitatif, sedangkan tekhnik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dengan melakukan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hak hadhanah anak yang belum mumayyiz diberikan ke ayah karena ibu bekerja di luar negeri, dan untuk pemeliharaan anak sejak ikut ayahnya mendapatkan pemeliharaan yang baik. Berdasarkan Hukum Islam hak hadhanah diberikan pada ayah diperbolehkan karena ibu berhalangan untuk mendapatkan hak tersebut. Berdasarkan maslahah mursalah hak hadhanah diberikan ke ayah diperbolehkan karena untuk mewujudkan kebaikan, selain itu karena anak tersebut sudah terbiasa ikut ayahnya sejak kecil, dan agar hak-hak anak tetap terpenuhi.
Spatial Heterogeneity of Infiltrating T cells in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer revealed by Multi-omics analysis
Authors: Sun Chaoyang , Yang Bin , Li Xiong , Zhang Wei , Fan Junpeng , Zhou Yong , Li Wenting , Yin Jingjing , Guo Ensong , Li Xi , Fu Yu , Liu Si , Hu Dianxing , Qin Xu , Dou Yingyu , Xiao Rourou , Lu Funian , Wang Zizhuo , Qin Tianyu , Mills Gordon , Zhang Qinghua , Li ShuaiCheng , Ma Ding , Chen Gang
Published: March 2022

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), especially CD8+ TILs, represent a favorable prognostic factor in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) and other tumor lineages. The spatial heterogeneity of different TIL subtypes in HGSOC remains to be elucidated. We integrated RNA sequencing, whole-genome sequencing, bulk T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing, as well as single-cell RNA/TCR sequencing to investigate the characteristics and differential composition of TILs across different HGSOC sites. Two immune patterns in ovarian cancer are identified: 1) ovarian lesions with low infiltration of mainly dysfunctional T cells and immunosuppressive Treg cells, 2) omental lesions infiltrated with non-tumor-specific bystander cells. Exhausted CD8 T cells that are preferentially enriched in ovarian tumors are clonal expanded and exhibit evidence for cytotoxic activity. Inherent tumor immune microenvironment characteristics appear to be the main contributor to the spatial differences in TIL status. The landscape of spatial heterogeneity of TILs informs potential strategies for therapeutic manipulation in HGSOC.
Ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve blocks for preoperative pain management in hip fractures: a systematic review
Authors: Exsteen Oskar Wilborg , Svendsen Christine Nygaard , Rothe Christian , Lange Kai Henrik Wiborg , Lundstrøm Lars Hyldborg
Published: March 2022

Systematic reviews associate peripheral nerve blocks based on anatomic landmarks or nerve stimulation with reduced pain and need for systemic analgesia in hip fracture patients. We aimed to investigate the effect of ultrasound-guided nerve blocks compared to nerve blocks without the use of ultrasound and to conventional analgesia for preoperative pain management in hip fractures. Five databases were searched until June 2021 to identify randomised controlled trials. Two independent authors extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Data was pooled for meta-analysis and quality of evidence was evaluated using Grades of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Our search did not identify trials comparing ultrasound-guided nerve blocks to different block techniques without use of ultrasound. However, we included 12 trials (976 participants) comparing ultrasound-guided nerve blocks to conventional systemic analgesia. In favour of ultrasound, pain after block placement decreased with a mean difference of -2.35 (VAS 0 to 10); (p<0.001) 95% CI [–3.07 to –1.62]. In favour of ultrasound, preoperative analgesic usage of iv. morphine equivalents in milligram decreased with mean difference of –5.34 (p=0.003) 95% CI [–8.11 to –2.58]. Further, ultrasound-guided nerve blocks may be associated with a lower frequency of delirium, fewer serious adverse events and higher patient satisfaction. However, the quality of evidence was judged low or very low. In conclusion, no trials comparing ultrasound to other block techniques were found, thus not permitting conclusions on our primary aim. Despite low quality of evidence, ultrasound-guided blocks were associated with benefits compared to conventional systemic analgesia.
TP53 Mutation for Prediction of Tumor Recurrence and Metastasis in Bladder Cancer Patients
Authors: Mamdouh Samah , Khorshed Fatma , Aboushousha Tarek , Safwat Gehan , Elesaily Khaled
Published: March 2022

Background: Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies worldwide. Its complex etiopathogenesis is dependent on numerous risk factors that can be divided into three distinct categories: genetic and molecular abnormalities, chemical or environmental exposure and previous genitourinary disorders and family history of different malignancies. This study highlights the genetic and molecular abnormalities that considered to be part of bladder carcinogenesis such as genetic mutations of TP53.To date, cystoscopy remains the gold standard for diagnosis, butit is invasive and uncomfortable. Hence, many efforts are focusing on the development of accuratenon-invasive diagnostic tests for BC, consequently, this study aims to develop a new non-invasive and reliable test to accurately detect TP53 mutations in urine sediments of Egyptian BC patients and to evaluate the influence of their genetic status on tumor metastasis and recurrence as they are the main problems during the disease.Methods: A total of 150 BC patients and 50 healthy volunteers as controls were enrolled in this study, urine samples were obtained from all participants. DNA was extracted and TP53 mutations were examinedin exons (2+3), 4 and 5 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All PCR products were subjected to bidirectional sequencing.Results: Fifty four (36.0%) patients of 150 were mutated in exon (2+3) with statistically higher significant in patients when compared to controls (P = 0.001),while 96 patients(64.0%) in Exon 4, and 111 patients(74.0%) in Exon 5 with the same (P = 0.001).Moreover, a significant association was observed between TP53 status with tumor stage and grade, being alterations more common in high-stage and high-grade tumors.Conclusion: We conclude that TP53genetic mutations are independent prognostic factors for tumor metastasis and recurrence and the genetic alternation of TP53 could be used for prediction of bladder tumorigenesis.
Improvement of the Bioethanol Yield in Saccharomyces cerevisiae GPD2 Delta FPS1 Delta ADH2 Delta Constructed by the CRISPR-Cas9 Approach with the Decrease of By-Product Formation
Authors: Yang Peizhou , Jiang Shuying , Jiang Suwei , Lu Shuhua , Zheng Zhi , Chen Jianchao , Wu Wenjing , Jiang Shaotong
Published: March 2022

Background: Bioethanol plays an important value in renewable liquid fuel. The inhibition of by-product formation would enhance the ethanol production of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In fact, the excessive accumulation of glycerol and organic acids caused the decrease of ethanol content in the process of industrial ethanol production. Results: In this study, S. cerevisiae engineering strains were constructed using the CRISPR-Cas9 approach to delete GPD2, FPS1, and ADH2 to improve the yield of ethanol with the decrease of by-product contents. Engineered S. cerevisiae SCGFA by the GPD2, FPS1, and ADH2 deletion produced 23.1 g/L with 50 g/L of glucose as substrate. SCGFA strain exhibited the ethanol conversion rate of 0.462 g per g of glucose. In addition, the contents of glycerol, lactic acid, acetic acid, and succinic acid in SCGFA decreased by 22.7, 12.7, 8.1, 19.9, and 20.7% compared with the wild-type strain, respectively. Conclusions: The co-knockout of GPD2, FPS1, and ADH2 dramatically improved the ethanol yield of S. cerevisiae by the inhibition of glycerol release and the prevention of ethanol consumption. This study developed a new S. cerevisiae engineering strain SCGFA with high-level ethanol production after GPD2, FPS1, and ADH2 deletion. The engineering strain SCGFA could apply in ethanol production with less formation of by-products.
Urban metabolism and emergy of China’s cities
Authors: Tang Miaohan , Hong Jingke , Shan Yuli , Xue Rui , Ruzzenenti Franco , Wang Wentao , Hubacek Klaus
Published: March 2022

Unprecedented pace of urbanization and industrialization caused a massive increase in China’s urban metabolic pressure. The trend presents an urgent challenge for detailing the long-term changes and disparities in urban metabolic performances in a wide range of cities. Here, we present empirical evidence of 283 China’s cities from 2000 to 2018 based on emergy analysis indicating that China’s urban metabolic performance gradually becomes worse. For example, the environmental sustainability index decreased by 81.64% between 2000 and 2018. In addition, emergy-based performances among China’s cities show considerable differences. Agricultural cities and light manufacturing cities have better sustainability; energy production cities face high environmental pressure. Scenarios for 2025 show that total emergy use would experience slower growth; and most cities continue their decline in emergy metabolism. To ensure overall progress on urban metabolic performance, heavy manufacturing cities and energy production cities should give more attention in adjusting emergy structure.
In Vivo Comparison of White Spot Lesions Using the Enamel Decalcification Index and Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence Measurement During Orthodontic Therapy
Authors: Ferrari-Peron Priscila , Steuer Lisa M. , Schmidtmann Irene , Mundethu Ambili R. , Wehrbein Heinrich , Erbe Christina
Published: March 2022

Background/Objectives: To compare the quantitative assessment methods, visual-tactile examination and fluorescence measurement, for the detection of white spot lesions (WSL) in adolescents with a multibracket appliance (MB).Material & Methods: The study included 28 subjects (14 ♂, 14 ♀) with MB in the maxilla and mandible. Data collection took place before (T0), half a year after (T1), and one year after the insertion of the MB (T2), using the Enamel Decalcification Index (EDI) developed by Banks & Richmond (1994, levels 0-3) and the quantitative light-induced fluorescence measurement (QLF).Results: At T0, n = 4 (14%) subjects were free of lesions. Six months after the onset of MB (T 1), n = 2 subjects (7%) were still free of lesions. One year after the onset of MB (T2), n = 2 subjects were free of lesions. The kappa coefficient value for measuring the degree of agreement between the two methods was 0.71 for all three study time points combined.Conclusion: Both the QLF and EDI methods demonstrated similar results, each presenting only a few discrepancies, which means that in order to determine the method most suitable for each individual case, the cost-benefit and time factors should be examined.
Does Machine Learning Make More Reliable Diabetes Prediction Model Using Big Data?: Comparison of Gradient Boosting Decision Tree and Logistic Regression
Authors: Seto Hiroe , Oyama Asuka , Kitora Shuji , Toki Hiroshi , Yamamoto Ryohei , Kotoku Jun’ichi , Haga Akihiro , Shinzawa Maki , Yamakawa Miyae , Fukui Sakiko , Moriyama Toshiki
Published: March 2022

We sought to verify the reliability of machine learning (ML) in developing diabetes prediction models by utilizing big data. To this end, we compared the reliability of gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) and logistic regression (LR) models using data obtained from the Kokuho-database of the Osaka prefecture, Japan. To develop the models, we focused on 16 predictors from health checkup data from April 2013 to December 2014. A total of 277,651 eligible participants were studied. The prediction models were developed using a light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), which is an effective GBDT implementation algorithm, and LR. Their reliabilities were measured based on expected calibration error (ECE), negative log-likelihood (Logloss), and reliability diagram. Similarly, their classification accuracies were measured in the area under the curve (AUC). We further analyzed their reliabilities while changing the sample size for training. Among the 277,651 participants, 15,900 (7978 males and 7922 females) were newly diagnosed with diabetes within three years. LightGBM (LR) achieved an ECE of 0.0017±0.00033 (0.0048±0.00058), a Logloss of 0.167±0.00062 (0.172±0.00090), and an AUC of 0.845±0.0025 (0.826±0.0035). From sample size analysis, the reliability of LightGBM became higher than that of LR when the sample size increased more than 10^4. Thus, we confirmed that GBDT provides a more reliable model than LR in the development of diabetes prediction models using big data. ML could potentially produce a highly reliable diabetes prediction model, a helpful tool for improving lifestyle and preventing diabetes.
Circular Dorsal Ruffles Disturb the Growth Factor-induced PI3K-AKT Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Hep3B cells
Authors: Sun Xiaowei , Liu Yujie , Zhou Shuheng , Wang Li , Wei Jinzi , Hua Rui , Shen Zhongyang , Yoshida Sei
Published: March 2022

Background: Circular dorsal ruffles (CDRs) are rounded membrane ruffles induced on the dorsal surfaces of cells stimulated by growth factors (GF). They can serve as signal platforms to activate AKT protein kinase. After GF stimulation, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) generates phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate (PIP3) in the plasma membrane. PIP3 accumulates inside CDRs, recruits AKT into the structures, and phosphorylates them (pAKT). Given the importance of the PI3K-AKT pathway in GF signaling, CDRs are likely involved in cell growth. Interestingly, some cancer cell lines express CDRs. We hypothesized that CDRs contribute to carcinogenesis by modulating the AKT pathway. In the present study, we identified CDR-expressing cancer cell lines and investigated their cellular functions. Methods: CDR formation was examined in six cancer cell lines in response to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin. The morphology of the CDRs was characterized, and the related signaling molecules were observed using confocal and scanning electron microscopy. The role of CDRs in the AKT pathway was studied using biochemical analysis. The actin inhibitor cytochalasin D (Cyto D) and the PI3K inhibitor TGX221 were used to block CDRs. Results: GF treatment induced CDRs in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Hep3B cell line, but not in others, including HCC cell lines HepG2 and Huh7, and the LO2 hepatocyte cell line. Confocal microscopy and western blot analysis showed that the PI3K-PIP3-AKT pathway was activated at the CDRs and that receptor proteins were recruited to the structures. Cyto D and TGX221 completely blocked CDRs and partially attenuated GF-induced pAKT. These results indicate that CDRs regulate the receptor-mediated PI3K-AKT pathway in Hep3B cells and the existence of CDR-independent pAKT mechanisms.Conclusions: Our results showed that CDRs modulate the AKT pathway in Hep3B cells. Since CDRs were not observed in other HCC and hepatocyte cell lines, we propose that CDRs in Hep3B would determine the carcinoma characteristic of the cell by aberrantly triggering the AKT pathway. Signaling molecules involved in CDR formation are promising therapeutic targets for some types of HCC.
Jaw bone changes in panoramic radiography in patients with hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Mohammadi Maryam , Alinejad Saeed , Abesi Farida
Published: March 2022

One of the kidney's essential functions is bone metabolism's regulatory effect by activating active vitamin D. Hypocalcemia occurs due to phosphate retention and calcium loss in the kidneys in chronic renal failure. This condition stimulates the secretion of parathyroid hormone and leads to secondary hyperparathyroidism. This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was performed on 17 healthy individuals and 17 patients with resorptive hypercalciuria in the dialysis center of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Babol in 2018. If patients need and have two or more decayed teeth, they were referred to a specialized maxillofacial clinic by the dentist for free for panoramic imaging. MYMCI, LD, Bone change, Mandibular cortical resorption, and General cortical them indices were examined. The results showed a statistically significant difference between MI, the gonion region's cortical bone thickness, and the lower dental canal's root in the hyperparathyroidism and control groups (P < 0.05). On the other hand, in the hyperparathyroidism group and the control group, bone density changes and LD did not show a significant difference (P > 0.05). In this study, a decrease in the thickness of the cortical bone in the guinea pig, mental region, and lack of dental canal was seen in resorptive hypercalciuria compared to healthy individuals. Therefore, the dentist should be aware of these patients' radiographic symptoms to help diagnose general health and treat patients in any of the mentioned indices.
Gregarine parasites are adapted to mosquito winter diapause
Authors: Martin Edwige , Vallon Laurent , Carvalho Camille Da Silva , Girard Maxime , Minard Guillaume
Published: March 2022

The Asian tiger mosquito is one of the most invasive species. The prevalence of its apicomplexan parasite Ascogregarina taiwanensis is high in natural population across both temperate and tropical regions. However, the parasite forms oocysts that cannot colonize their insect host during winter when the mosquito lay resistant diapausing eggs. It was therefore unclear if the parasite could survive outside of its insect host during the cold season in temperate regions. By measuring infectivity, we showed that oocysts stored one month at cold temperature (occurring during periods of mosquito diapause) were as infectious as fresh oocysts but those stored during the same time period at warmer temperatures (occurring during mosquito activity periods) were uninfectious. We therefore suggest that the parasite evolves traits that maximize their maintenance only during periods of mosquito dormancy while those traits are not selected during periods of activity.
Storage space reduction in Picture Archiving and Communication System using Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Varghese Bejoy , Krishnakumar S , John Jyothish K
Published: March 2022

This paper presents a new architecture of Picture Archiving and Communication System based on Conditional Generative Adversarial Network and Fractal Image compression. The Conditional Generative Adversarial Network architecture is based on the Convolutional Neural Network which enables the system to capture the similarity measures without using any handcrafted functions. Performance of the proposed design is evaluated by comparing it with the commonly used compression techniques in Picture Archiving and Communication System such as JPEG, PNG and TIFF. The efficiency of the proposed architecture is tested by using a custom client program that sends the modality images to the Picture Archiving and Communication System server. The simulation runs on computers in multiple networks to gather the data similar to real time healthcare institutions. The results show that the storage space consumption of the proposed design is only 30% in comparison with Picture Archiving and Communication System, which uses the latest Machine learning and conventional non fractal compression methods. It is also observed that the Generative Adversarial Network based Fractal Image compression can drastically reduce the compression time compared to the conventional fractal and non-fractal compression methods. The empirical analysis shows that the proposed Generative Adversarial Network architecture can be a promising method to reduce the space complexity of the system such as Picture Archiving and Communication System.
A statistical calibration tool for methods used to sample outdoor-biting mosquitoes
Authors: Ngowo Halfan S. , Limwagu Alex J. , Ferguson Heather M. , Matthiopoulos Jason , Okumu Fredros O. , Nelli Luca
Published: March 2022

BackgroundMethods for sampling outdoor-biting mosquitoes are urgently needed to improve surveillance of vector-borne diseases. Such tools could potentially replace the human landing catch (HLC), which, despite being the most direct option for measuring human exposure, raises significant ethical and logistical concerns. Several alternatives are under development but detailed evaluation still requires common frameworks for calibration relative to HLC. The aim of this study was therefore to develop and validate a framework for predicting HLC-derived outdoor exposure rates from different exposure-free alternatives.MethodsWe obtained mosquito abundance data (Anopheles arabiensis, Anopheles funestus and Culex sp.) from a year-long Tanzanian study comparing six outdoor traps and HLC. The outdoor traps were: Suna Trap (SUN), BG Sentinel (BGS), M-Trap (MTR), M-Trap + CDC (MTR-C), Ifakara Tent Trap-C (ITT-C) and Mosquito Magnet Trap (MMX). Four generalised linear models were developed within a Bayesian framework to investigate associations between traps and HLC; considering intra- and inter-specific density dependence. The best model was used to create a calibration tool for predicting HLC-equivalents of each trap.ResultsFor An. arabiensis, SUN catches had the strongest correlation with HLC (R2=19.4), followed by BGS (R2=17.2), MTRC (R2=13.1). The least correlated was MMX (R2=2.5). For An. funestus, BGS had the strongest correlation with the HLC (R2=53.4), followed by MTRC (R2=37.4), MTR (R2=37.4). The least favored was SUN (R2=14.5). For Culex mosquitoes, the traps most highly correlated with the HLC were MTR (R2=45.4) and MTRC (R2=44.2). Overall, density-dependence between and within species influenced the performance of BGS relative to HLC. An interactive Shiny App calibration tool was developed for this and similar applications.ConclusionWe successfully developed a calibration tool to assess the performance of outdoor-traps relative to HLC. Our approach provides a valuable framework for assessing human exposures. The performance of candidate traps relative to the HLC varied between mosquito taxa, thus there was no single optimum. Though all the traps underestimated HLC catches (proxy for human-biting rates), it was possible to mathematically define their representativeness against HLC with or without density dependence. Further studies should focus on consistency and representativeness as opposed to simply finding traps that catch the most mosquitoes.
CpG-activated regulatory B-cell progenitors alleviate murine graft-versus-host-disease
Authors: Agbogan Viviane A , Gastineau Pauline , Tejerina Emmanuel , Karray Saoussen , Zavala Flora
Published: March 2022

Development of Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD) represents a major impediment in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The observation that the presence of bone marrow and circulating hematogones correlated with reduced GVHD risks prompted us to evaluate whether B-cell progenitors, which provide protection in various autoimmune disease models following activation with the TLR-9 agonist CpG (CpG-proBs), could likewise reduce this allogeneic disorder. In a murine model of GVHD that recapitulates an initial phase of acute GVHD followed by a phase of chronic sclerodermatous GVHD, we found that CpG-proBs, adoptively transferred during the initial phase of disease, reduced the diarrhea score and mostly prevented cutaneous fibrosis. Progenitors migrated to the draining lymph nodes and to the skin where they mainly differentiated into follicular B cells. CpG activation and IFN-γ expression were required for the protective effect, which resulted in reduced CD4+ T-cell-derived production of critical cytokines such as TGF-β, IL-13 and IL-21. Adoptive transfer of CpG-proBs increased the T follicular regulatory to T follicular helper (Tfr/Tfh) ratio. Moreover, CpG-proBs privileged the accumulation of IL-10-positive CD8+ T cells, B cells and dendritic cells in the skin. However, CpG-proBs did not improve survival. Altogether, our findings support the notion that adoptively transferred CpG-proBs exert immunomodulating effect that alleviates symptoms of GVHD but require additional anti-inflammatory strategy to improve survival.
A Study of Correlation Between Dengue Serological Markers and Platelet Count in Ajmer Region
Authors: Pachori Parmendra , Sharma Govind Kumar , Pachori Saroj , Pachori Geeta
Published: March 2022

Background: Dengue is an acute viral infection has emerged as a notable public health problem. Rapid immunochromatographic test and IgM/IgG ELISA has been the mainstay of diagnosis. Combination of NS1 antigen detection along with antibody detection increases the diagnostic rates. Thrombocytopenia begins during febrile phase. Therefore, we tried to evaluate the association of platelet counts against immunochromatographic test (NS1 and IgM/IgG) and IgM ELISA in dengue infections.

Methodology: The study of variation in different platelet parameters in dengue fever cases was undertaken in our department over a period of 18 months from July 2017 to December 2018. Inclusion criteria: All patients with clinical features and serologically positive dengue infection included.  

Exclusion criteria: Patient’s which are serologically negative dengue and if routine laboratory test suggesting a bacterial, parasite or any viral infection other than dengue infection or any other disease. 

CBC was done from all clinically suspected dengue cases. Serum samples were tested for NS1, IgM and IgG by immunochromatography-based test and IgM MAC-Capture ELISA. Platelet counts were obtained from all serologically positive cases. Test results of dengue specific parameters were compared against platelet counts.

Results: Of 636 samples tested, 396 were positive for one or more dengue parameters. Of the 396, 312 were positive for NS1, 152 were positive for IgM, 41 were positive for IgG and 354 were positive for IgM ELISA. Thrombocytopenia was consistently associated with one of the serological parameters.

Conclusion: It can be concluded from our study that Thrombocytopenia was found in all serological positive dengue cases and showed a significant correlation with serological markers.
Bacteriological Profiles of Semen Culture in Male Patients Having Primary Infertility, Attending Mombasa Assisted Reproduction Centre
Authors: Thanki Uday Dineshchandra , Waithaka Stanley King'e , Suleiman Mbaruk Abdalla , Chudasama Mahesh Narbheram
Published: March 2022

Background: Infertility is of global health concern affecting one out of six couples worldwide, and Africa has reported the highest rates. Bacterial semen infections are considered to be one of the significant causes of infertility. Effective antimicrobial therapy is therefore essential in treatment of bacteriospermia. This study aimed to identify the bacterial pathogens present in semen and involved performing the antimicrobial susceptibility testing to improve the clinical management by identifying the antimicrobials that can be the best treatment option.Methods: Ninety semen specimens were collected from male patients having primary infertility who attended the clinic. Semen was cultured on Nutrient agar, Blood agar, MacConkey agar and Chocolate blood agar using standard bacteriological techniques. Bacterial isolates identification was done by studying the colony characteristics, performing gram staining reactions and biochemical testing. Modified Kirby-Bauer method was used in performing the antimicrobial susceptibility testing.Result: 51 (56.67%) patients presented with bacteriospermia. Staphylococcus aureus (29.41%) was the most common bacteria isolated, followed by Escherichia coli (23.53%), Coagulase negative staphylococcus species (17.65%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.76%), Proteus. mirabilis (7.84%), Pseudomonas. aeruginosa (5.88%) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (3.92%). Most of the bacteria isolated were highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime and ofloxacin and moderately sensitive to amikacin, gentamycin and cefuroxime.Conclusion: Bacteriospermia prevalence rate was 56.67% and was commonly observed in the age group of 30 - 39 years. Staphylococcus aureus was found to be the predominant causative agent of semen infection. The most effective antimicrobials were ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime and ofloxacin and the antimicrobial with least activity was co-trimoxazole.
Lobular Endocervical Glandular Hyperplasia: A case report
Authors: Lila Kunjal , Gala Roshani Hansraj
Published: March 2022

Most cervical adenocarcinomas currently are HPV related. With increasing use of HPV vaccine, the prevalence of HPV related carcinomas may reduce & there might be relative increase in occurrence of non HPV related carcinomas. Gastric variant of cervical adenocarcinoma is one such HPV-independent carcinoma and recognized as distinct entity by WHO 2014. A spectrum of benign, premalignant and malignant endocervical lesions showing gastric differentiation have emerged in the past decade. Lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia(LEGH) is one such benign precursor of gastric variant of cervical adenocarcinoma. We in this case report discuss various gross, histomorphologic, histochemical and immunohistochemical features of LEGH.
Histological Study of Tumour Budding in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma and its Association with Tumor Stage and Nodal Status
Authors: Rampada Sasmal Prasanjit , Philipose Thoppil Reba
Published: March 2022

Introduction: CRC is commonest human carcinoma and leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide.  “Tumor budding” is 4 or more tumor cells in invasive front of colorectal adenocarcinoma glands invading up to adjacent stroma, can act as independent prognostic marker for tumor staging which changes prognosis and further treatment plans

Objective: Association of tumor budding with stage of tumour and lymph node status.

Methods: This is a retrospective study from Jan 2019 – Jan 2022.  H&E sections prepared from resected total/hemi/partial colectomy specimens to assess tumor bud count following International tumour budding consensus conference (ITBCC) 2016 criteria “Tumour budding assessed in 1 hotspot (in a field measuring 0.785 mm2) at the invasive front with average 10 consecutive fields with highest bud count in one field (hotspot) under 200x magnifications (field area=0.785 mm2) using Magnus Decahead microscope. The budding was graded as low (0-4 buds), intermediate (5-9 buds), high (10 or more buds).

Results: Analysis done according to ITBCC tumor bud scoring shows increased tumor budding is associated with positive higher tumor grade (p value: 0.026) and stage (p value - 0.024) but not with nodal status (p value: 0.096).

Conclusion: Current study shows tumor bud score is associated with positive lymph node status, higher tumor grade and stage. However, the study needs to be validated by a larger sample size and follow up studies.
Консенсус экспертного совета. Дифференциальная диагностика диарейного синдрома в зависимости от его патогенеза в практике врача-педиатра, роль пробиотических лекарственных средств в его лечении
Authors: Горелов А. В. , Захарова И. Н. , Макарова С. Г. , Ших Е. В. , Новик Г. А. , Усенко Д. В. , Бережная И. В.
Published: March 2022

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NEOLIBERALISMO E EDUCAÇÃO: APROXIMAÇÕES ENTRE BRASIL E CHILE
Authors: Ghidini Rafael , Mehanna Mormul Najla
Published: March 2022

O presente trabalho objetiva realizar uma aproximação entre Brasil e Chile no campo educacional. Acredita-se que, por estarem ambos sob influência do ideário neoliberal e apresentarem elementos socioeconômicas similares, é construtivo realizar uma discussão sobre educação de maneira interligada. Ambos os países apresentam, sob influência do neoliberalismo, sistemas de ensino descentralizados e participação do setor privado balizados por meio de avaliações em larga escala cuja eficácia tem sido questionada. Essas características refletiram no aprofundamento da desigualdade em termos de qualidade, diferenciando não apenas as escolas e universidades, mas também os alunos. Evidência disto são as manifestações populares com demandas na área da educação que aconteceram nos últimos anos no Chile e, mais recentemente, no Brasil, algumas das quais com as mesmas reinvindicações. Dessa forma, a aplicação do ideário neoliberal na educação tem ocasionado consequências negativas em ambos os países, como o aumento da desigualdade educacional e a deterioração da qualidade. Por isso, é imperativo que analisemos as experiências já consolidadas no Chile para entendermos as consequências em ebulição no Brasil, considerando o neoliberalismo e sua influência na educação como um fenômeno supranacional.
Helicopter rotor blade vibration reduction with optimizing the structural distribution of composite layers
Authors: Arıol Taymaz Hacer
Published: March 2022

In helicopter rotorcraft design, two main approaches as passive and active control methods widely used to decline vibration. In this study passive control methods are used to reduce vibration in the helicopter rotor blade. The most common passive control devices are dynamic vibration dampers, isolators and structural distribution of the composite blades. A surrogate optimization formula is used as the objective function of vibration reduction which includes vibratory hub loads and bending moments. In optimization model, composite ply angles are design variables and spar frequency-placement, autorotation and stress conditions are constraints. As the optimization method, a hybrid solution is chosen. The gradient-based algorithms generate accurate results in trust region and heuristic methods scan very large area of solution space. Due to the aforementioned advantages, these algorithms are hybridized. As a result of the comparison of the optimization outcomes with the baseline UH-60 rotor blades, approximately 38 % vibration reduction is observed in the new design.
Estimation of the longitudinal dispersion coefficient via a fusion of optimized models
Authors: Gholami Mahsa , Gholami Amin , Singh Vijay P.
Published: March 2022

Determination of the longitudinal dispersion coefficient (LDC) is fundamental to the development of strategies for environmental management of river systems. This paper presents an integrated model for an estimation of the longitudinal dispersion coefficient by a fusion of optimized intelligent models (optimized neural network (ONN), optimized fuzzy inference system (OFIS), and optimized support vector regression (OSVR)) via committee machine (CM), with optimization done by the Bat-inspired algorithm (BA). The optimization eliminates the associated loss of accuracy of the intelligent models, which is a direct consequence of an improper adjustment of parameters (weights and biases in the neural network, membership's functions in the fuzzy inference system, and user-defined parameters in support vector regression). Data gathered from literature are employed to validate the proposed integrated model. A comparison between the optimized models and a committee machine, based on statistical parameters, shows that the committee machine model can attain high accuracy. Sensitivity analysis (SA) shows the contribution of each optimized model to the committee machine and ranks the contribution of the optimized models in ascending order as optimized neural network, optimized fuzzy inference system, and optimized support vector regression, each significantly correlated with the accuracy of longitudinal dispersion coefficient prediction.
O festejo de São José de Ribamar/MA e as (re)configurações do turismo religioso no espaço e tempo da pandemia da Covid-19
Authors: Campos Brussio Josenildo , Arilson Xavier de Souza José , De Ribamar Carvalho dos Santos José , Lucas dos Santos Ferreira André
Published: March 2022

Examinar as (re)configurações do turismo no espaço e tempo da pandemia do Covid-19 no âmbito do festejo de São José de Ribamar, Maranhão, é a finalidade assumida na presente comunicação científica. A saber, as reflexões que se seguem encontram-se associadas à Rede de Pesquisa em Turismo Religioso (REPETUR) e a investigações desenvolvidas na UFMA, Campus de São Bernardo-MA, e na UEMA, Campus de São Luís-MA. Assim sendo, circunscritos por tal campo empírico, metodologicamente, percorremos as seguintes etapas de estudo: levantamento e reflexão bibliográfica; pesquisa exploratório-descritiva; trabalho de campo (2020-2021). De tal maneira, as nossas considerações finais nos conduzem a afirmar que o festejo testou positivo no tocante às respostas que engendrou frente aos desafios impostos pela pandemia, conseguindo, assim, manter o magnetismo religioso da cidade de São José de Ribamar. Para tanto, saber tirar proveito das tecnologias digitais foi fundamental.
Natural Phytochemicals for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder:
A Mini-Review of Pre- and Clinical Studies
Authors: Réus Gislaine Z. , Manosso Luana M. , Arent Camila O. , Borba Laura A. , Abelaira Helena M.
Published: March 2022

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a common mental illness that causes significant disability and declining quality of life. An overlap of multiple factors can be involved in the pathophysiology of this mood disorder, including increased inflammation and oxidative stress, change in neurotransmitters, decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and changes in the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Although the classic treatment for MDD is safe, it is far from ideal, with delay to start the best clinic, side effects, and a large number of non-responses or partial-responses. Therefore, other alternatives are being studied to improve depressive symptoms, and, among them, the role of phytochemicals present in food stands out. This mini-review will discuss the main phytochemicals present in foods that have clinical and preclinical studies showing benefits for MDD treatment. In addition, the main mechanisms of action that are being proposed for each of these compounds will be addressed.
LC-MS/MS Method Development and Validation of Lenvatinib and its
Related Impurities in Rat Plasma: Application to a Pharmacokinetic
Study
Authors: Talari Subrahmanyam , Vejendla Anuradha , Boddapati S.N. Murthy , Kalidindi Johar
Published: March 2022

Background:

Lenvatinib is a potent drug utilized in the medication of thyroid cancer
and it acts as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Thus, the development and validation of Lenvatinib and
allied impurities in rat plasma, and its pharmacokinetic study, are one of the most significant areas
of modern pharmaceutical analysis.

Objective:

The current study conducts bioanalytical system validation and pharmacokinetic analysis
of Lenvatinib and associated impurities in rat plasma with LC-MS/MS.

Methods:

The current study involves bioanalytical system validation and pharmacokinetic analysis
of Lenvatinib and associated impurities in rat plasma using LC-MS/MS. Gradient elution of
Lenvatinib with a flow rate of 1 mL/min and an X-Bridge phenyl column (150x4.6 mm, 3.5μ)
was used in the optimized process. In this method, buffer (1 mL formic acid in 1 liter of water)
and acetonitrile mixture was used as the mobile phase.

Results:

By using Carfilzomib as the internal norm and impurity-4 as the active metabolite and
30 minute run time, Lenvatinib and its associated impurities were separated. The linearity was in
the range of 10 percent to 200 percent of rat plasma, and each analyte R2 value was found to be
0.999.

Conclusion:

This work indicates that all parameters, such as precision, recovery, accuracy, and
stability, were achieved as per USFDA guidelines. This approach can be used to investigate Lenvatinib
impurities and conduct pharmacokinetic studies involving rat plasma.
Knockdown of RhoA Expression Reverts Enzalutamide Resistance via the
p38 MAPK Pathway in Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Chen Xiaoliang , Yin Lili , Xu Hui , Rong Jie , Feng Miao , Jiang Di , Bai Yunfeng
Published: March 2022

Background:

Enzalutamide has been approved clinically for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) but is limited by the emergence of resistance. RhoA has been shown to play a vital role in carcinogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. However, the role of RhoA in enzalu-tamide-resistant prostate cancer (PCa) remains unclear.

Objective:

This study investigated the role of RhoA and the associated mechanisms of RhoA deple-tion in enzalutamide resistance in CRPC.

Methods:

Western blotting, 3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and colony formation assays were used to assess protein expression, survival, and proliferation of PCa cells, respectively. Xenograft experiments and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining were used to detect further effects of RhoA on enzalutamide resistance in vivo.

Results:

In the present study, the expression of RhoA, ROCK2, p38, p-p38, and AR was upregulated in enzalutamide-resistant PCa cells treated with enzalutamide, and silencing of RhoA or ROCK2 attenuated enzalutamide-resistant cell proliferation and colony formation. Furthermore, the deletion of RhoA dramatically increased the efficacy of enzalutamide in inhibiting 22RV1-derived xenograft tumor growth. Additionally, there was no significant change in ROCK1 expression in C4-2R cells treated with or without enzalutamide. Mechanistically, the knockdown of RhoA expression reverted the resistance to enzalutamide via RhoA/ROCK2/p38 rather than RhoA/ROCK1/p38.

Conclusion:

Our results suggested that RhoA is a promising therapeutic target. As the inhibition of RhoA reverted enzalutamide resistance, it may increase its effectiveness in CRPC.