bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intrusion Induced Global Warming Preceding Continental Flood Basalt Volcanism
Authors: Tian Xiaochuan , Buck W
Published: May 2021

Temporal correlations between continental flood basalt eruptions and mass extinctions are well known 1. Massive carbon degassing from volcanism of Large Igneous Provinces can cause catastrophic global climatic and biotic perturbations 1–3. However, recent more accurate dating of the Deccan Traps 4 and Columbia River Basalts 5 challenges this causal link by showing that global warming preceded the major phase of flood basalts eruptions by several hundred thousand years. Here, we argue that major eruptions of continental flood basalts may require densification of the crust by intrusion of larger volumes of magma than are extruded. Simple models show that magma crystallization and release of CO2 from such intrusions could produce global warming before the main phase of flood basalt eruptions on the observed timescale. Being consistent with many geological, geophysical, geochemical and paleoclimate data, our model suggests that the evolving crustal density has a first order control on timing of the major phase of continental flood basalt volcanism while the preceding intrusion induced underground degassing of CO2 plays a significant role in controlling the Earth's climate and habitability.
Sampling in Difficult Settings: A Simulation Study Comparing Several Sampling Methods
Authors: Shannon Harry S. , Emond Patrick D. , Bolker Benjamin M. , Viveros-Aguilera Román
Published: May 2021

Background:Taking a representative sample to determine prevalence of variables like disease is difficult when little is known about the target population. Several methods have been proposed, including a recent revision of the World Health Organization’s Extended Program on Immunization (EPI) surveys. The original EPI method samples towns as Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) with probability proportional to size and uses a nearest neighbour approach to sample households within PSUs. The new version samples from smaller PSUs and conducts a probability sample of households within those PSUs. Other techniques use satellite images and Global Positioning Systems to sample within towns from circles around randomly identified points (‘Circle’ method) or from randomly sampled squares in a superimposed grid (‘Square’ method). We compared these sampling methods in multiple virtual populations using computer simulation.Methods:We constructed 50 virtual populations with varying characteristics. Populations comprised about a million people across 300 towns. We created three populations with different prevalences of disease but with uniform characteristics across each population. We created a binary exposure variable and allocated disease statuses to individuals assuming different relative risks (RRs) of exposure. We simulated thirteen methods of sampling: simple random sampling; the original EPI method and variants; the Square and Circle methods; and the new EPI method. For each population, each sampling method, and each of three sample sizes per PSU (7, 15, and 30), we simulated 1,000 samples. For most sampling methods, the PSUs were towns. We conducted simulations using the same 30 PSUs and using a freshly-chosen set of PSUs. For each simulation we estimated prevalence and RRs and combined the bias and variance of the 1,000 samples to compute the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE).Results: The Circle and Square methods produced almost identical results, so we report only the Square method results. Apart from simple random sampling, the RMSE for the Square method was almost universally best for estimating prevalence, and generally best when estimating relative risks. The revised EPI approach was worse, but generally better than the original EPI. Conclusions:The Square method is recommended as statistically optimal, unless practical considerations favour another approach.
METHODOLOGICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF SELECTION OF EVERYONE TO REPLACE THE POSITIONS OF MIDDLE LEADERS
Authors: Valenkevich L. , Balahurovska I.
Published: May 2021

The study focuses on optimizing existing approaches to the selection of middle managers. At the present stage of Ukraine's development, the current legislation establishes formalized requirements for the selection of candidates for alternatives, which determine the main professional requirements for a candidate for the position. World-wide experience shows that selecting staff it is necessary to take into account the candidate's intra-corporate values. The combination of the characteristics of the future employee, both professional and personal, allows the employer to form a motivated team. This promotes the establishment of not only formal requirements, but also corporate, focused on the personal applicant’s qualities and inherent internal organizational culture. The sources of selection of managerial staff have been analyzed and their main advantages and disadvantages have been revealed this time. The peculiarities of the activity of middle managers taking into account their hierarchical subordination have been considered. The general characteristic of the existing system of staff selections is given. The threats and risks of recruitment from the external environment are identified and the main advantages of recruitment from the internal environment are outlined. A detailed analysis of the requirements established by the current legislation allowed to establish general qualification requirements for the replacement of management positions and to supply them with specific requirements that would take into account the specific features of the field of activity. The characteristics of the personality such as temperament, life form, leadership qualities are studied, the interrelation of these characteristics with the leadership style are revealed. The influence of the activity sphere and the degree of tasks formalization of both the leader and his subordinates on the choice of a leadership style is analyzed. The algorithm of actions at selection of leading staff of a middle link is developed and offered taking into account requirements of sphere of activity and personal qualities of the applicant. It is proposed to introduce mandatory testing of personal qualities of the applicant, taking into account the internal corporate culture of the organization.
STATE REGULATION OF SCALING INNOVATIONS AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE AND THE EU
Authors: Shkarupa O. , Kucherenko P.
Published: May 2021

The article examines the implementation of innovations in industrial enterprises, as well as their sources of funding in Ukraine and Europe. The role of innovation infrastructure as a driver of economic development of national and regional economy due to the formation of a holistic goal to scale innovation and the relationship of various stakeholders involved in innovation, the formation of the investment environment. The paper identifies problems and areas for improving innovation in the regions of Ukraine and the motives for implementing new projects. Based on the analysis of statistical data on the development of innovation in the regions of Ukraine and in order to identify strategic instruments of state regulation for the development and scaling of innovations, identified and described the shortcomings and conditions for the development of innovation infrastructure. Based on the study of statistical reporting of Ukraine and European countries, it is determined that the improvement of innovation policy and competition of enterprises is possible with the implementation of new technologies for the production and implementation of innovative services in different regions of the country. It is established that the indicators of development and scaling of innovations in the regions of Ukraine have a steady trend, which affects the destructive processes in the country, and funding such an important component of innovation development as research aimed primarily at the public sector, while in the European Union - at business sector. With effective government stimulation of the business sector and the provision of positive state, regional and local conditions, the situation regarding economic and innovation indicators in Ukraine may have a positive dynamics in the future. It is established that when forming strategies for the development of innovation infrastructure, it is necessary to pay attention to the feedback between the business sector and the interests of the country and gradually move to the European experience of innovation development. This strategy will create progressive models for coordinating the scaling up of innovation for the country's sustainable development.
A High-throughput Color Measurement System for Evaluating Flesh Browning in Apples
Authors: Shimizu Taku , Okada Kazuma , Moriya Shigeki , Komori Sadao , Abe Kazuyuki
Published: May 2021

The development of new high-quality apple (Malus ×domestica) cultivars that are resistant to flesh browning is needed to expand the use of apples in the food service and catering industry. However, conventional methods for evaluating apple flesh browning can be both time-consuming and costly, thereby rendering such methods unsuitable for breeding programs that must characterize a large number of product samples. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new, simple, and inexpensive methods. The aim was to develop a method for simultaneously measuring the color values of 42 apple samples using a digital camera. The processing time per sample was reduced to less than one-tenth of that of the conventional method. The measurement dispersion [sd of the color difference between two colors ] of this system was less than 0.08, equivalent to the nominal value of a general colorimeter. Time-series analysis of six apple cultivars using this method showed that the calculated browning index values correlated well with the degree of browning judged by human perception. Further, the measurement data showed that the CIE L* a* b* value trends associated with browning in reddish- and watercored-flesh samples, was different from the corresponding trends in yellowish-flesh samples. This work reports the development of a high-throughput analytical system of apple browning and provides cautionary notes for evaluating reddish- and watercored-flesh browning, which should be measured on a different basis from that used for normal-flesh browning.
Laatokka: Suurjärven kiehtova rantahistoria
Authors: Lähteenmäki Maria
Published: May 2021

For the first time worldwide, this collection brings together analyses of the last two centuries of historical change around the shores and drainage basin of Lake Ladoga, Europe’s largest lake. The main focus of the narrative is the Northern Ladoga region, which was a Finnish administrative area between 1812 and 1944. After the Second World War, the entire shoreline of Lake Ladoga was incorporated into the northeast part of Russia’s border region, the Autonomous Republic of Karelia and the Leningrad Province. The main theme uniting this collection is how the relationship between humans and nature is shaped by industrialization and modernization in society. Other key issues include protecting nature and perspectives on particular places and times, which are reflected in the methodological and thematic choices made in this volume. The research framework set by the editor, Professor Maria Lähteenmäki, is the new lakefront history (Finn. uusi rantahistoria), focusing on approaches to environmental, economic and sensory history of lakes. To draw broad conclusions, on the one hand, the multilevel changes on the lakefront cannot be understood without knowledge of the history of the wider drainage basin, and awareness of the geopolitics of the region and the climate changes. On the other hand, the human relationship to natural waters has changed significantly in 200 years. Thinking in terms of economic benefit has gradually given way to principles of sustainable development. Lake Ladoga is also being redefined from a spatial perspective, as nationalist ownership of the region is coupled with global concern about the state of Europe’s largest lake.
IN VITRO ANTI-ULCER ACTIVITY OF DIFFERENT EXTRACTS OF CISSUS QUADRANGULARIS
Authors:   Department of Pharmacy,Vaageswari College of Pharmacy, Karimnagar-505001., Ahad Hussain Syed , Kumar Srigadi Goutham ,   Department of Pharmacy,Vaageswari College of Pharmacy, Karimnagar-505001., Subba Rao Chamakuri ,   Department of Pharmacy,Vaageswari College of Pharmacy, Karimnagar-505001., Ahmedulla Hussaini Syed ,   Department of Pharmacy,Vaageswari College of Pharmacy, Karimnagar-505001., Srikanth Arige ,   Department of Pharmacy,Vaageswari College of Pharmacy, Karimnagar-505001., Reddy Vootkuri Jashwanth ,   Department of Pharmacy,Vaageswari College of Pharmacy, Karimnagar-505001., Anuja Karnatham ,   Department of Pharmacy,Vaageswari College of Pharmacy, Karimnagar-505001., Rajasri Pittala ,   Department of Pharmacy,Vaageswari College of Pharmacy, Karimnagar-505001., Sneha Dasari ,   Department of Pharmacy,Vaageswari College of Pharmacy, Karimnagar-505001.
Published: May 2021

Aim:The aim of this study was undertaken to assessin vitro H+-K+ ATPase inhibitory activity of different extracts of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. Materials and Methods: Phytochemical and Phyto-analytical studies like total phenolic compound and total flavonoid contents from extract were quantified and H+-K+ ATPase inhibition assay was performed in presence of different concentrations(10,20,50 and 100 Î¼g/ml) of standard (omeprazole),chloroform and methanolic extract. Results:The extract has shown dose dependent significant (*P < 0.05) proton pump inhibitory activity in the goat gastric mucosal homogenate which was compared to standard Omeprazole. Conclusions: Hence, from this study we have concluded that methanolic extract of C.quadrangularis has more inhibitory effect than chloroform extract.
NEW METHOD OF SIZING A FILTER (RL-C) FOR AN INVERTER WITH SPWM CONTROL IN MEDIUM VOLTAGE ALTERNATING
Authors:   Institut National Polytechnique Felix Houphouet Boigny (INP-HB), Yamoussoukro, Cote dIvoire., Fernand Koffi K. , Raoule Agoua ,   Ecole Superieure Africaine des Technologies dInformation et de Communication (ESATIC), Abidjan, Cote dIvoire., Landry Diety ,   Universite Virtuelle de Cote dIvoire (UVCI), Abidjan, Cote dIvoire., Loum Georges ,   Institut National Polytechnique Felix Houphouet Boigny (INP-HB), Yamoussoukro, Cote dIvoire., Asseu Olivier ,   Institut National Polytechnique Felix Houphouet Boigny (INP-HB), Yamoussoukro, Cote dIvoire.,   Ecole Superieure Africaine des Technologies dInformation et de Communication (ESATIC), Abidjan, Cote dIvoire.
Published: May 2021

The need to use SPWM controlled voltage inverters in MV, led us to examine how to filter alternative signals with filters (L-C) and (RL-C). This allowed us to decide on the use of certain formulas for calculating the elements of these filters. Likewise, we have proposed a method of calculating the resistance R by mathematical iterations without using the quality factor Q, in order to obtain a low error rate between the RMS values and the fundamental effective values and THDs respecting the standard 519 IEEE - 2014. The results of these studies obtained using the MATLAB-SIMULINK software are presented in the penultimate session of this article. Nomenclature SPWM Sinusoidal Pulse-Width-Modulation THD Total Harmonic distortion SN Apparent power of the alternating load MV Medium voltage alternating voltage (1 kV --- 50 kV) Uph phase-to-phase voltage at the ac load RMS Root Mean Squared R L C Resistance Inductance Capacitor MVDC Medium voltage direct current VSI Voltage Source Inverter
EFFECTS OF LOCKDOWN ON MICROCREDIT PROGRAMMES AND ITS BORROWERS LIVELIHOOD CONDITION DUE TO COVID-19 ON SOME SELECTED NGO-MFIS IN BANGLADESH
Authors:   Assistant Professor and Chairman, Department of Social Work, Bangamata Sheikh Fajilatunnesa Mujib Science & Technology University (BSFMSTU), Jamalpur, Bangladesh., Mahbubur Rahman A.H.M , Rahman Matiur ,   Research Consultant, Human Development Research Centre (HDRC), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Published: May 2021

A new type of life threaten virus namely COVID-19 spread out all over the world at the end of 2019 and it is continuing until now. Government of many countries were forced to declare state of emergency like lockdown to maintain social distance from each other as the virus was infectious and still there is no vaccination or medication innovated to protect it. Bangladesh Government was also declared lockdown for more than two months started from end of March to end of May in the year 2020. All types of communication and economic activities were stopped during the lockdown time. Like many other sector microfinance sector and its beneficiaries were also suffered a lot. Through this study it has been revealed that during lockdown period microfinance programme affected and the livelihood situation of its beneficiaries were also affected severely. Based on the findings, some recommendations have been made for further strengthening of microfinance programmes and improvement of livelihood situation of its beneficiaries.
A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF WARM SALINE WATER APPLICATION ON PAIN RESPONSE DURING HEELPRICK AMONG NEWBORN AT NICU, GOVERNMENT RAJAJI HOSPITAL, MADURAI
Authors:   Prof. Dr. S.Rajamani M.Sc (N)., MBA., M.Sc (Psy)., Ph.D .Principal,College of Nursing ,Madurai Medical College,Madurai., Kausalya M.Sc Nursing D.
Published: May 2021

Objectives:To assess the level of painresponse during heel prick among newborn.To evaluatetheeffectivenessofwarmsalinewaterapplicationonpainresponseduringheelprickamongnewborn.Toassociatethepainresponseduringheelprickamongnewborn at NICU, Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai with their baseline variables. Hypotheses: There isa statistically significant difference betweenthe post test levelof pain response during heel prick among newborn both in intervention and controlgroup.Thereisastatisticallysignificantassociationbetweenthelevelofpainresponse during heel prick among newborn at NICU with their baseline variables.Conceptual framework: Roys adaptation model. Methodology: True experimentalresearchdesignwasused,60samplesselectedby Simplerandomsamplingandintervention given 2 minutes before heel prick. Post test was assessed by NeonatalInfantPainScale.Results:Thestudyrevealedthattherewasasignificantreductionin level of pain response during heel prick (t=1.25, p=0.21) at 0.05 level. Conclusion:Statistical evidence shows that warm saline during heel prick was effective.
ONE-YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF EXERCISES IN CHILDREN WITH ALLERGIC ASTHMA
Authors:   Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical University - Sofia, University Hospital Alexandrovska, Bulgaria., Dimitrova Viara , Perenovska Penka ,   Department of Pediatrics, Medical University - Sofia, University Hospital Alexandrovska, Bulgaria., Aleksiev Assen ,   Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical University - Sofia, University Hospital Alexandrovska, Bulgaria.
Published: May 2021

Aim:- To study the effect of exercises in childhood allergic asthma, and to reveal their optimal frequency, intensity, and duration, because of missing consensus about them. Material and Methods:- 12 children (age 11.17 Â± 2.69 years) with allergic asthma were followed for one year. At the beginning and the end of the year, they were treated for 10 days with low daily doses of inhaled corticosteroids and exercises (breathing retraining, respiratory muscle training, and musculoskeletal flexibility with posture/balance training). The children and their parents were instructed to continue the same exercises at home as frequently, intensely, and prolong as possible for one year. Standard spirometry was performed four times â€“ at the beginning and the end of the two 10-day treatment courses. The results were recorded as percentages of the actual versus the predicted spirometric parameters. MANOVA with Bonferronis multiple comparison post-hoc tests and Pearsons correlation with multiple regression post-hoc tests were used for the statistical analysis. Results:- The spirometric parameters showed a significant improvement at the end of each 10-day treatment course versus at the beginning (P<0.05), as well as at the end of the year versus at the beginning (P<0.05). There was a significant correlation of the spirometric parameters versus the exercise frequency (P<0.05) and versus the exercise intensity (P<0.05), but not versus the exercise duration (P>0.05). The regression analysis revealed that with increasing the exercise intensity and frequency (at least once daily) the spirometric parameters are improving significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion:- Exercises significantly improve the spirometric parameters in children with allergic asthma. The optimal exercise frequency is at least once daily with high intensity and short duration.
LEARNER AUTONOMY AND MOTIVATION, THE COMPARATIVE PREDICTING ROLE ON ENGLISH LANGUAGE PERFORMANCE IN TERTIARY EDUCATION OF BANGLADESH
Authors:   Infrastructure University Kuala Lumpur., Mokarrom Hossain Md , Maziha Binti Mustapha Siti ,   Infrastructure University Kuala Lumpur.
Published: May 2021

This research paper explores comparative predicting role between learner autonomy and motivation in regard to the English language performance of tertiary education in Bangladesh. It sheds some insights on the existing teaching and learning practices and the low performances of English language of tertiary students. On the basis of study design, data has been collected through survey questionnaire from three different public universities. Findings imply that there exists a strong relationship between learner autonomy, motivation and English language performance of the students. Those students that are motivated, are found to be more autonomous. The findings suggests that learner autonomy and motivation both have significant positive impact on English language performance. It is found motivation is stronger predicator for English language performance in comparison to learner autonomy in Bangladesh. Students having both autonomous behavior and motivation are found with better achievement than those who are reluctant about these aspects. Besides, this research recommends some pedagogical improvements in the existing tertiary education for teaching English.
PRINCIPALS ROLES IN IMPROVING ISLAMIC HIGH SCHOOLS EDUCATIONAL QUALITY IN BANDAR LAMPUNG, INDONESIA
Authors:   Post-Graduate Program of Islamic Education Management Study Program, Raden Intan State Islamic University of Lampung, Indonesia., Risdalina Elvy , Patimah Siti ,   Post-Graduate Program of Islamic Education Management Study Program, Raden Intan State Islamic University of Lampung, Indonesia., a Zulhannan ,   Post-Graduate Program of Islamic Education Management Study Program, Raden Intan State Islamic University of Lampung, Indonesia., b Erlina ,   Post-Graduate Program of Islamic Education Management Study Program, Raden Intan State Islamic University of Lampung, Indonesia., c Koderi ,   Post-Graduate Program of Islamic Education Management Study Program, Raden Intan State Islamic University of Lampung, Indonesia.
Published: May 2021

The principals roles in leading educational institutions are very important, especially in determining the direction and educational policies. The principal is a leader who encourages the school to realize its vision, mission, goals, and programs in a planned manner to establish a high-quality school. Therefore, this research aims to describe and analyze the roles of principals in improving the quality of Islamic education in Bandar Lampung. The approach of this research was descriptive qualitative. In collecting the data, observation, interviews, and documentation were employed. The researchers then analyzed the collected data through data presentation, data reduction, and conclusion. The sources of data were the principals, vice-principals, teachers, employees, and students. It can be concluded that the principals role is first, formulating competency standards for graduates to compete in leading universities, both public and private. Second, special class students must memorize chapter 30 of the Quran and at least 1 chapter for general class students. The graduates are required to master three languages: English, Arabic, German / French. Third, monitoring the learning process through CCTV makes it easier to observe students and teachers during the teaching and learning activities. Fourth, the implementation of varied assessment standards between subjects and grades by referring to the 2013 curriculum.
Deterministic and probabilistic evaluation of raw and post-processing monthly precipitation forecasts: a case study of China
Authors: Li Yujie , Xu Bin , Wang Dong , Wang QJ , Zheng Xiongwei , Xu Jiliang , Zhou Fen , Huang Huaping , Xu Yueping
Published: May 2021

Monthly Precipitation Forecasts (MPF) play a critical role in drought monitoring, hydrological forecasting and water resources management. In this study, we applied two advanced Machine Learning Models (MLM) and latest General Circulation Models (GCM) to generate deterministic MPFs with a resolution of 0.5° across China. Then the Bayesian Joint Probability (BJP) modeling approach is employed to calibrate and generate corresponding ensemble MPFs. Raw and post-processing MPFs were put against gridded observations over the period of 1981–2015. The results indicated that: (1) for deterministic evaluation, the forecasting performance of MLMs was more inclined to generate random forecasts around the mean value, while the GCMs could reflect the increasing or decreasing trend of precipitation to some degree; (2) for probabilistic evaluation, the four BJP calibrated ensemble MPFs were unbiased and reliable. Compared to climatology, reliability and sharpness were all significantly improved. However, in terms of overall accuracy metric, the ensemble MPFs generated from MLMs were similar to climatology. In contrast, the ensemble MPFs generated from GCMs achieved better forecasting skill and were not dependent on forecasting regions and months. Moreover, the post-processing method is necessary to achieve not only bias-free but also reliable as well as skillful ensemble MPFs.
A UTILIZAÇÃO DO ESPAÇO GEOGRÁFICO COMO FERRAMENTA DE ANÁLISE DAS RELAÇÕES SOCIAIS DO CAPITAL
Authors: Lima Luiz
Published: May 2021

O referido artigo visa discutir as relações sociais, as quais se fazem presentes dentro do espaço geográfico, e a partir disso, transpor quais as principais eventualidades que cercam a atual conjuntura da sociedade, e que, portanto, podem ser estudadas sob uma perspectiva geográfica. Além disso, neste artigo serão analisadas algumas conjunturas históricas que se aplicaram no processo de estruturação da sociedade, as quais atingiram diretamente as dinâmicas do capital social. Realizando um comparativo entre as dinâmicas que cercaram a realidade das sociedades industrial e moderna, o artigo traçou as diferenças encontradas na análise de cada uma, as quais prezaram em decifrar como se davam os processos de troca e dádiva. Ademais, questões que envolvem as dinâmicas das cidades e da divisão do trabalho neste contexto também foram contempladas.
Withdrawal Notice: Research on Data Security Detection Algorithm in IoT Based on K-means
Authors: Zhu Jianxing , Huo Lina , Ansari Mohd Dilshad , Ikbal Mohammad Asif
Published: May 2021

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Iridociliaire cysten bij de hond: een overzicht van de belangrijkste aspecten omtrent diagnose, risico’s en behandeling
Authors: Frejlich M. , Capiau E.
Published: May 2021

Iridociliaire cysten komen regelmatig voor bij honden. Ze zijn afkomstig van het achterste gepigmenteerde epitheel van de iris of ontstaan vanuit het binnenste epitheel van het ciliaire lichaam. De cysten zweven meestal vrij rond in de voorste oogkamer of hangen vast aan de pupilrand. De golden retriever, de labrador-retriever alsook de Duitse dog zijn gepredisponeerd maar verschillende andere rassen kunnen ook aangetast worden. Grotere cysten kunnen leiden tot belemmering van het zicht en opaciteit van de cornea. Daarnaast vormen pigmentafzetting op het voorste lenskapsel, een onvolledige pupilreflex en glaucoom ook mogelijke risico’s. De diagnosestelling gebeurt meestal op basis van de klinische presentatie. Transilluminatie van de cysten met een fel licht is echter noodzakelijk om het onderscheid te maken met een oculaire gepigmenteerde tumor. In de meeste gevallen zijn iridociliaire cysten een toevalsbevinding en is er geen behandeling nodig. Bij enkele specifieke rassen, waaronder de golden retriever en Amerikaanse buldog, kunnen deze echter een ander uitzicht hebben met meer kans op ontsteking en ontwikkeling van glaucoom. Wanneer de cysten te groot worden, kunnen ze niet-invasief verwijderd worden via lasertherapie of chirurgisch via aspiratie met een naald of door irrigatie en aspiratie.
Gonadectomie 2.0: nieuwe inzichten over de langetermijneffecten bij honden
Authors: Lannoo J. , Domain G. , Van Soom A. , Wydooghe E.
Published: May 2021

Argumenten tegen gonadectomie worden steeds vaker gehoord. Nieuwe studies tonen immers aan dat de ingreep voor de hond negatieve gevolgen kan hebben die op het eerste zicht niet rechtstreeks met het weghalen van de gonaden of de geslachtshormonen verband houden. In het voorliggende overzichtsartikel wordt de huidige literatuur over de langetermijngevolgen van gonadectomie op de gezondheid van de hond beschreven. De belangrijkste reden voor het ovariëctomiseren van een teef is de afname van het risico op pyometra en mammatumoren in vergelijking met intacte teven. De beschermende werking tegen mammatumoren is de reden waarom de operatie vaak op jonge leeftijd uitgevoerd wordt. Echter, in recent onderzoek werd aangetoond dat gewrichtsproblemen en bepaalde niet-genitale neoplasieën vaker voorkomen bij honden na gonadectomie, vooral bij prepuberaal geopereerde dieren. De resultaten van deze studies tonen grote rasverschillen aan, waardoor een algemeen advies over gonadectomie voor de hele hondenpopulatie niet realistisch is. De evolutie naar een ‘advies op maat’ dringt zich op.
Фотопроводимость и поглощение инфракрасного излучения в квантовых ямах p-GaAs/AlGaAs
Authors: Винниченко М.Я. , Махов И.С. , Харин Н.Ю. , Граф С.В. , Паневин В.Ю. , Седова И.В. , Сорокин С.В. , Фирсов Д.А.
Published: May 2021

The spectra of low-temperature impurity-assisted far and mid-infrared photoconductivity and absorption in nanostructure with multiple GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells doped with acceptors are investigated. The experimentally obtained absorption and photoconductivity spectra correlate well with each other. According to the hole and acceptor state energy spectrum calculations the spectral features related to the optical hole transitions from the ground acceptor state to the delocalized states of valence subbands, to the excited acceptor states and to the delocalized states above the quantum well (photoionization) are identified in the absorption and photoconductivity spectra.
Оптические фононы в полупроводниковых соединениях TlFeS-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-, TlFeSe-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-
Authors: Велиев Р.Г. , Абдуллаев Н.А. , Амирасланов И.Р. , Мамедова И.А. , Мамедов Д.А. , Бадалова З.И. , Гудавасов Ш.К. , Немов С.А.
Published: May 2021

Рентгеновские исследования кристаллов TlFeS2, TlFeSe2, полученных методом высокотемпературного синтеза, выявили их монофазность и изоструктурность с пространственной группой симметрии С2/m. Исследованы комбинационное рассеяние света и инфракрасное отражение света в соединениях TlFeS2, TlFeSe2 при температуре 300 K. Обнаружены и определены характерные частоты в рамановском рассеянии и инфракрасных спектрах фононов в TlFeS2, TlFeSe2. Из анализа опубликованных работ по магнитным свойствам TlFeS2, TlFeSe2 сделано заключение, что они являются квазиодномерными антиферромагнетиками, каждый из которых обладает двумя характеристическими температурами, TN3D и T_csuper-p, между ними и располагается квазиодномерное антиферромагнитное упорядочение в TlFeS2, TlFeSe2. Температура T_csuper-p введена впервые и характеризует сильно развитый ближний магнитный порядок, в котором существует суперпарамагнитное упорядочение. Ключевые слова: оптические фононы, комбинационное рассеяние света, инфракрасное отражение света, монофазность и изоструктурность кристаллов, квазиодномерные антиферромагнетики.
Инфракрасные (850 нм) светодиоды с множественными квантовыми ямами InGaAs и "тыльным" отражателем
Authors: Малевская А.В. , Калюжный Н.А. , Малевский Д.А. , Минтаиров С.А. , Надточий А.М. , Нахимович М.В. , Солдатенков Ф.Ю. , Шварц М.З. , Андреев В.М.
Published: May 2021

Investigation of IR light emitting diodes (wavelength 850 nm) based on heterostructures AlGaAs/GaAs with multiple quantum wells InGaAs in the region generating radiation, grown by the MOCVD technique, has been carried out. Post-growth technologies for removing the growth substrate GaAs and for transfer the heterostructure on an alien carrier with an optical reflector have been developed. Technological regimes for fabricating the reflector has been optimized and the increase of the IR radiation reflection coefficient up to 92-93% has been achieved. Light-emitting diodes with the external quantum efficiency of 28.5% have been fabricated.
A Study to Investigate the Prevalence of Device-Specific Errors in Inhaler Technique in Adults With Airway Disease (The SCORES Study): Protocol for a Single Visit Prevalence Study
Authors: De Vos Ruth , Brown Thomas , Longstaff Jayne , Lomax Mitch , Mackenzie Heather , Hicks Alexander , Rupani Hitasha , Gates Jessica , Fox Lauren , Wiffen Laura , Chauhan Anoop J
Published: May 2021

Background

It is a recurring theme in clinical practice that patients using inhaled medications via an inhaler do not use their device to a standard that allows for optimum therapeutic effect, and some studies have shown that up to 90% of people do not use their inhalers properly. Observation and correction of the inhaler technique by health care professionals is advised by both national and international guidelines and should be performed at every opportunity to ensure that the optimum inhaler technique is achieved by the user. This study will provide a greater understanding of the most frequent technique errors made by people using 13 different inhaler types.

Objective

This study aims to identify and compare inhaler technique errors and their prevalence in adults, using device-specific checklists in accordance with manufacturers’ guidelines, for 13 specific inhaler types across all lung conditions and to correlate these errors with possible determinants of poor technique. It also aims to assess the error frequency at each step in the device-specific questionnaires and compare the error rates among device types.

Methods

In a single visit, participants using an inhaler included in the inclusion criteria will have their inhaler technique observed using an identical placebo device, which will be recorded using device-specific checklists, and technique-optimized, or switched to a suitable inhaler.

Results

The study is already underway, and it is anticipated that the results will be available by 2022.

Conclusions

The SCORES (Study to Investigate the Prevalence of Device-Specific Errors in Inhaler Technique in Adults With Airway Disease) study will ascertain the prevalence of device-specific inhaler technique errors at each step in the device-specific checklists, compare error rates among 13 device types, and correlate these errors with possible determinants of poor technique. Future work will involve the clarification and classification of these errors into critical and noncritical categories.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04262271; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04262271

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/26350
THE NIGERIAN INSURANCE INDUSTRY COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE: THE ROLE OF INNOVATION CAPABILITY
Authors: Adebisi Sunday Abayomi , Odiachi Joyce M. , Sulaimon Abdul-Hammed A.
Published: May 2021

Emerging technologies have given rise to greater opportunities within the insurance sector with innovations upturning the traditional business model. This study examined competitive advantage and the relationship with innovation capability in Nigerian insurance sector. Employing a cross sectional research design, the study utilised primary data obtained from selected insurance companies through the use of a structured questionnaire. Multistage sampling technique was used and data collected was analysed using regression analysis. The findings revealed innovation capability had a significant influence on competitive advantage. The study concluded that there was a need to pay attention to this capability with a capacity to boost the activities of the industry and recommendations were made.
“Bolivia recibirá el provecho siendo impulsado el solo puerto que posee”. Cobija y el Litoral entre el poder local y la administración de José Ballivián (1841-47)
Authors: Colàs Pol
Published: May 2021

The article examines the relations between the hegemonic groups in Cobija and the Bolivian Litoral and the central power, during the administration of José Ballivián (1841-47). It is based on the fact that there was a separated local power in Cobija with a differentiated project from the one of the State, focused on the claim of tariff protection, internal security in the face of the arrival of Chileans, effective control of the territory against the claims of neighboring countries on the “guaneras” and the building of needed infrastructure. The executive presented a shy project for the Litoral, with differential tariffs, the fight against smuggling and investment in the cargo transport with animal force, but with the real objective of taking Arica or turning the commercial circuits towards the river connection with the Atlantic in the Orientes. None of them was fully applied, so in the 1840s the Bolivian Litoral remained a marginal space within the incipient Republic, estranging the leading groups in the area in respect to the national project of the State.
Sensitivity studies on the climatic effect of an increase of atmospheric CO2
Authors: Adem J. , Garduño R.
Published: May 2021

Se llevan a cabo experimentos numéricos sobre la sensibilidad de un modelo termodinámico, con especial referencia al cálculo del efecto de una duplicación del C02 atmosférico. Se presentan estimaciones sobre el efecto de incluir en el modelo lo siguiente:a)El cálculo de las anomalías de la temperatura superficial de los océanos mediante el uso de la conservación de energía térmica aplicada a la capa oceánica mezclada.b)Parametrizaciones de la evaporación y la condensación de vapor de agua que no violan la conservación del vapor de agua.c)La retroalimentación albedo-temperatura.d)Una capa de nubes de extensión horizontal variable.Se demuestra que cuando se incluyen en el modelo a), b) y c), la duplicación del C02 atmosférico produce un calentamiento promedio en el Hemisferio Norte de .9°C en la temperatura superficial oceánica, de 1.1 °C en la temperatura superficial de los continentes, y un calentamiento promedio de la temperatura en la superficie de 1.0oC. Este calentamiento aumenta en 0.1 oC ó 0.2oC cuando d) también se incluye; y disminuye en 0.2°C cuando el efecto de la retroalimentación albedo-temperatura se suprime, y en 0.7oC cuando a) se suprime y temperaturas oceánicas normales se usan en los cálculos. Además, cuando b) no se satisface, y el calor perdido por evaporación en la superficie y el calor ganado por condensación de vapor de agua en las nubes se parametrizan como en experimentos anteriores, entonces el calentamiento calculado en la superficie decrece 0.4°C.
Airborne and Ground-Based lidar measurements of the El Chichón stratospheric aerosol from 90°N to 56°S
Authors: McCormick M. P. , Swissler T. J. , Fuller W.H. , Hunt W.H. , Osborn M.T.
Published: May 2021

Este trabajo presenta los resultados de cierto número de campañas de observaciones en vuelo mediante el lidar, cubriendo latitudes comprendidas entre los 90°N y los 56°S en el periodo de julio 1982 a enero de 1984. Estos vuelos fueron planeados para determinar las características clave del aerosol estratosférico producido por las erupciones de El Chichón en marzo y abril de 1982. Se discuten asimismo los datos de 10 años de lidar determinados en bases terrestres por la NASA en Langley (37ºN). Se describen las tasas de dispersión de fondo, las funciones integradas de dispersión de fondo por aerosol, las densidades columnares de masa y la masa del aerosol estratosférico en relación con la latitud y también con la altitud en los casos adecuados.Se demuestra la existencia inicial de dos regiones generales de capa estratosférica después de la erupción, una arriba de los 20 km de altitud y la otra por debajo de esa altura. El material en suspensión aproximadamente por debajo de los 20 km se desplazó a latitudes más altas, seguido por el material de encima de esa altura, el cual, en su mayor parte, estaba restringido a un cinturón ecuatorial más o menos entre los lOºS y los 30°N, por seis meses aproximadamente. A principios del otoño de 1982, el aumento del material total estratosférico global debido a El Chichón se estimó en 12 megatones. Se cree que el efecto máximo global tuvo lugar entre las misiones de julio y octubre de 1982. Los efectos estratosféricos máximos a los 37ºN se experimentaron en enero de 1983. Se vio que la densidad máxima de columna se desplazó hacia el norte con el tiempo. La altitud del pico de material stratosférico se desplazó hacia abajo y la capa se amplió a Jo ancho a medida que el material era afectado por el tiempo.
Spectrally resolved measurements of the El Chichon cloud, may 1982 - august 1983
Authors: Lockwood G.W. , White N.M. , Thompson D.T. , Tug H.
Published: May 2021

Se hicieron diariamente mediciones de la extinción atmosférica de 330 a 840 mn en mayo de 1982 y mensualmente después, las cuales revelaron el arribo y evolución de la nube de desechos volcánicos y condensados sobre Flagstaff, Arizona. La profundidad óptica de la nube alcanzó su pico  ͌0.3 el 15 de mayo y permaneció a niveles de alrededor de 0.1 hasta fines de 1982. En el otoño de 1983 había caído a   ͌0.5. La dependencia de la extinción de la longitud de onda es congruente con el transporte global de la nube y con los cambios en la distribución de tamaños de las partículas reportados en otros trabajos de este volumen.
Global transport of volcanic aerosol from El Chichon eruption studied with a three-dimensional circulation model
Authors: Pitari G. , Visconti G.
Published: May 2021

Para estudiar la dispersión global de la nube volcánica de la erupción de El Chichón utilizarnos el modelo tridimensional de circulación de la estratosfera desarrollado en el MIT-GIT. El modelo dependiente del tiempo se corrió para cuatro meses hasta fines de octubre de 1982. El inicio se proporcionó mediante las mediciones de la distribución del aerosol en latitud y altitud. La comparación de los resultados con los datos experimentales hecha los días 105 y 120 a partir del comienzo de la simulación muestra una concordancia razonable, si bien la concentración resultante del modelo está recorrida hacia arriba debido a que no se toma en cuenta la velocidad de sedimentación de las partículas. Se presentan también las medias mensuales de la sección latitud-longitud de la tasa de extinción, que muestran considerable heterogeneidad. Se utilizó un cÓdigo de dispersión radiativa múltiple para valorar las tasas de calentamiento introducidas por un 75 % de aerosol de ácido sulfúrico. En el primer mes se predijo un aumento de hasta 2° en la temperatura.
The possible effects of El Chichon eruption on atmospheric thermal and chemical structure and surface climate
Authors: Vupputuri R.K.R. , Blanchet J.P.
Published: May 2021

Se sugiere que la inyección de óxidos de azufre y ceniza en la estratosfera desde la erupción de 1982 de El Chichón, alteraría el equilibrio radiativo-fotoquímico de la atmósfera de la Tierra, lo cual a su vez conduciría a los cambios en la temperatura vertical y la estructura química de la atmósfera y en el clima de la superficie. En este estudio se utiliza un modelo radiativo-convectivo-fotoquímico para computar la respuesta térmica y química de la atmósfera y el clima de la superficie a las concentraciones aumentadas de aerosol atmosférico resultantes de la erupción de El Chichón. Los recientes datos sobre el espesor óptico y las propiedades ópticas del aerosol obtenidos de las observaciones globales de la nube de El Chichón, se han utilizado como ingreso para la integración del modelo. El modelo permite concentraciones de aerosol y propiedades ópticas variables en el tiempo durante el ciclo de vida de la nube volcánica. Los resultados preliminares muestran que durante el primer año después de la erupción, el promedio global de la temperatura superficial decrece aproximadamente 0.9°C mientras causa c~entamiento significativo en la estratosfera inferior (hasta de 5ºC). La atmósfera y la superfide alcanzarán sus valores de fondo de temperatura grosso modo de 3 a 4 años después de la erupción. También se discuten las implicaciones de la erupción de El Chichón para el ciclo fotoquímico del ozono estratosférico.
Geochemistry of tertiary igneous rocks from Arandas-Atotonilco área, northeast Jalisco, Mexico
Authors: Verma S. P. , Lopez Martinez M. , Terrell D. J.
Published: May 2021

Se presentan los análisis de elementos mayores para diez muestras de basalto y andesita, seleccionadas de diez sitios paleomagnéticos en el noreste de Jalisco, México. Se reportan también los datos de fechas radiométricas K-Ar y de Tierras Raras (TR) en cuatro muestras, así como de contenidos de elementos alcalinos (K, Rb y Cs) y tierras alcalinas (Ba y Sr) y razones isotópicas de estroncio (87Sr/86Sr) en ocho muestras. Se presenta evidencia de actividad volcánica hace 11 Ma en esta área. Las razones iniciales de 87Sr/86Sr varían desde O. 7033 hasta O. 7039 y no se córrelacionan con los elementos mayores o trazas ni con las razones de elementos. Las razones de 87Sr/86Sr son similares a las observadas en otras áreas del Cinturón Volcánico Mexicano (CVM) y son compatibles con un origen sub-cortical para los magmas jalicienses.