bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effective transmissivity for slip flow in a fracture
Authors: Zaouter Tony , Valdés-Parada Francisco J. , Prat Marc , Lasseux Didier
Published: August 2023

A simple efficient method is presented for the determination of the intrinsic transmissivity tensor, as well as the intrinsic correction tensors at successive orders in the dimensionless slip parameter, that predicts the effective transmissivity tensorial coefficient for steady, one-phase, isothermal, creeping flow of a Newtonian fluid with slip boundary condition in a rough fracture. It is demonstrated that the solution of the first

$N$

ancillary closure problems provides the slip correction tensors up to the

$2N-1$

order, hence reducing the computational requirements by a factor of

${\sim }2$

compared with the conventional approach. In particular, the first-order correction tensor (i.e. a Klinkenberg-like tensor) can be obtained by solving the closure problem required for the computation of the intrinsic transmissivity tensor. In addition, symmetry and definiteness (positiveness or negativeness) properties of the individual tensors are analysed. It is shown that a Padé approximant, built on the correction tensors at the first three orders, outperforms the predictions for the effective transmissivity tensor. The new approach is illustrated and validated with numerical examples on model rough fractures.
An Evolutionary Account of Guilt?
Authors: Kurth Charlie
Published: August 2023

Grant Ramsey and Michael Deem argue that appreciating the role that empathy plays in posttransgression guilt leads to a more promising account of the emotion’s evolutionary origins. But because their proposal fails to adequately distinguish guilt from shame, we cannot say which of the two emotions we are actually getting an evolutionary account of. Moreover, a closer look at the details suggests both that empathy may be more relevant for our understanding of shame’s evolutionary origins than guilt’s and that guilt is unlikely to be an adaptation.
Supplement use in relation to dietary intake in pregnancy: an analysis of the Swedish GraviD cohort
Authors: Forsby Mathilda , Winkvist Anna , Bärebring Linnea , Augustin Hanna
Published: August 2023

We aimed to study supplement use in relation to dietary intake among pregnant women in Sweden, and adherence to the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations among supplement and non-supplement users. Pregnant women were recruited at registration to antenatal care in 2013–2014. In third trimester, supplement use was collected using a questionnaire, and dietary intake was collected using a FFQ. The majority (64 %) of the 1044 women reported use of one or more supplements. Among all, 0–23 % reported dietary intakes above recommended intake (RI) of vitamin D, folate, Fe and Se. Median dietary intakes of thiamine (1·4 v. 1·3 mg P = 0·013), phosphorus (1482 v. 1440 mg P = 0·007), folate (327 v. 316 µg P = 0·02), Fe (12 v. 11·5 mg P = 0·009), Mg (361 v. 346 mg P < 0·001) and Zn (10·7 v. 10·4 mg P = 0·01) were higher among supplement users compared with non-users. Larger proportions of supplement users than non-users adhered to RI of dietary intakes of thiamine (42 % v. 35 % P = 0·04) and Mg (75 % v. 69 % P = 0·05). Among non-users, a minority had dietary intakes above RI for vitamin D (6 %), folate (10 %) and Fe (21 %). The majority (75–100 %) of supplement users had total intakes above RI for most nutrients. In conclusion, supplement use contributed substantially to reaching RI for vitamin D, folate and Fe. Supplement users had a higher dietary intake of several nutrients than non-users. This highlights that non-supplement users are at risk of inadequate nutrient intakes during pregnancy, suggesting a need for heightened awareness of nutritional adequacy for pregnant women.
Electromagnetism of one-component plasmas of massless fermions
Authors: Rylyuk V.M. , Tkachenko I.M.
Published: August 2023

We present a theoretical study of two- and three-dimensional massless Dirac one-component plasmas embedded in a constant uniform magnetic field. We determine the wavefunctions and Landau energy levels of a massless Dirac fermion in a constant magnetic field. On this basis we consider magnetism of Fermi fluids of massless charged particles. We show that such a three-dimensional Dirac plasma consisting of fermions with the same helicity has its own magnetic moment. We also consider the limit of strong magnetic fields and investigate the De Haas–van Alphen effect. We derive the Kubo formula for the electrical conductivity tensor of massless Dirac plasmas and consider the Shubnikov–de Haas effect. In addition, we propose a model of the static conductivity tensor and employ the matrix version of the classical method of moments to derive a Drude-like formula for the dynamic conductivity tensor for massless Dirac plasmas. We find that the electrical conductivity tensor for Dirac fermions with the right helicity is not isotropic in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field.
Identification of glycine betaine as a host-derived molecule required for the vegetative proliferation of the protozoan parasite Perkinsus olseni
Authors: Liu Yuqi , Ninomiya Akihiro , Yoshinaga Tomoyoshi , Itoh Naoki
Published: August 2023

Perkinsus olseni is an industrially significant protozoan parasite of Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum. So far, various media, based on Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium and Ham's F-12 nutrient mixture with supplementation of fetal bovine serum (FBS), have been developed to proliferate the parasitizing trophozoite stage of P. olseni. The present study showed that P. olseni did not proliferate in FBS-deficient Perkinsus broth medium (PBMΔF), but proliferated well in PBMΔF supplemented with tissue extract of host Manila clams, indicating that FBS and Manila clam tissue contained molecule(s) required for P. olseni proliferation. Preliminary characterization suggested that the host-derived molecule(s) was a heat-stable molecule(s) with a molecular weight of less than 3 kDa, and finally a single molecule required for the proliferation was purified by high-performance liquid chromatography processes. High-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses identified this molecule as glycine betaine (=trimethylglycine), and the requirement of this molecule for P. olsseni proliferation was confirmed by an assay using chemically synthesized, standard glycine betaine. Although glycine betaine was required for the proliferation of all examined Perkinsus species, supplementation of glycine betaine precursors, such as choline and betaine aldehyde, enhanced the proliferation of 4 Perkinsus species (P. marinus, P. chesapeaki, P. mediterraneus and P. honshuensis), but not of 2 others (P. olseni and P. beihaiensis). Thus, it was concluded that the ability to biosynthesise glycine betaine from its precursors varied among Perkinsus species, and that P. olseni and P. beihaiensis lack the ability required to biosynthesize glycine betaine for proliferation.
Design of the five-bar linkage with singularity-free workspace
Authors: Demjen Tivadar , Lovasz Erwin-Christian , Ceccarelli Marco , Sticlaru Carmen , Lupuţi Antonio-Marius-Flavius , Oarcea Alexandru , Silaghi-Perju Dan-Cristian
Published: August 2023

This paper shows the kinematic analysis and the synthesis of the five-bar linkage with symmetrical structure and singularity-free dexterous workspace. The type synthesis of the five-bar linkage shows that the number of symmetrical structures of five-bar linkage is limited to eight structures. This study deals with the forward and inverse kinematic analysis and synthesis of the five-bar structure 5-RRRRR. The synthesis equations allow the analytical computation of the link lengths of a symmetrical five-bar linkage using only revolute joints to avoid the singularities in an imposed dexterous workspace. A numerical example of the symmetrical five-bar linkage is analyzed and synthetized theoretically and characterized by computing the performance indices. The tests on an experimental model of the five-bar linkage 5-RRRRR confirm the singularity-free dexterous workspace.
Tying the knot in language-divided Belgium. A research into marriage partner selection in Flemish municipalities along the language border with Wallonia, 1798–1938
Authors: Metzlar Wieke Elien , Matthijs Koen , Puschmann Paul
Published: August 2023

In nineteenth-century Europe, local and regional marriage markets turned into national marriage markets as a result of modernisation. However, the question is whether this applied also to Belgium, a nation that became increasingly divided over a language dispute between French-speaking Walloons and Dutch-speaking Flemings. To answer this question, this study examines trends and determinants of mixed marriages in municipalities in which Flemings and Walloons lived in close proximity of each other. The results show that marriages between Flemings and Walloons had always been rare and became even rarer over time, suggesting a strong and growing divide in the marriage market.
Acute kidney injury in hypoplastic left heart syndrome patients following the comprehensive stage two palliation
Authors: Cunningham Tyler W. , Bai Shasha , Krawczeski Catherine D. , Spencer John D. , Phelps Christina , Yates Andrew R.
Published: August 2023

Background:

An alternative surgical approach for hypoplastic left heart syndrome is the Hybrid pathway, which delays the risk of acute kidney injury outside of the newborn period. We sought to determine the incidence, and associated morbidity, of acute kidney injury after the comprehensive stage 2 and the cumulative incidence after the first two operations in the Hybrid pathway.

Design:

A single centre, retrospective study was conducted of hypoplastic left heart patients completing the second-stage palliation in the Hybrid pathway from 2009 to 2018. Acute kidney injury was defined utilising Kidney Diseases Improving Global Outcomes criteria. Perioperative and post-operative characteristics were analysed.

Results:

Sixty-one patients were included in the study cohort. The incidence of acute kidney injury was 63.9%, with 36.1% developing severe injury. Cumulatively after the Hybrid Stage 1 and comprehensive stage 2 procedures, 69% developed acute kidney injury with 36% developing severe injury. The presence of post-operative acute kidney injury was not associated with an increase in 30-day mortality (acute kidney injury 7.7% versus none 9.1%; p = > 0.9). There was a significantly longer median duration of intubation among those with acute kidney injury (acute kidney injury 32 (8, 155) hours vs. no injury 9 (0, 94) hours; p = 0.018).

Conclusions:

Acute kidney injury after the comprehensive stage two procedure is common and accounts for most of the kidney injury in the first two operations of the Hybrid pathway. No difference in mortality was detected between those with acute kidney injury and those without, although there may be an increase in morbidity.
Solar, Atmospheric, and Volcanic Impacts on 10Be Depositions in Greenland and Antarctica During the Last 100 Years
Authors: Zheng Minjie , Adolphi Florian , Paleari Chiara , Tao Qin , Erhardt Tobias , Christl Marcus , Wu Mousong , Lu Zhengyao , Hörhold Maria , Chen Peng , Muscheler Raimund
Published: August 2023

Cosmogenic radionuclides (e.g., 10Be) from ice cores are a powerful tool for solar reconstructions back in time. However, superimposed on the solar signal, other factors like weather/climate and volcanic influences on 10Be can complicate the interpretation of 10Be data. A comprehensive study of 10Be records over the recent period, when atmospheric 10Be production and meteorological conditions are relatively well‐known, can improve our interpretation of 10Be records. Here we conduct a systematic study of the production and climate/volcanic signals in Antarctica and Greenland 10Be records, including a new 10Be record from the East GReenland Ice‐core Project site. Greenland and Antarctica records show significant decreasing trends (5%–6.5%/decade) for 1900–1950, which is comparable with the expected production rate inferred from sunspot observations. By comparing 10Be records with reanalysis data and atmospheric circulation patterns, 10Be records from Southern/Southeastern Greenland are significantly correlated with the Scandinavia pattern. Stacking 10Be records from different locations can enhance the production signal. However, this approach is not always straightforward as uncertainties in some records can lead to a weaker solar signal. A strategy can be employed to select records for the bipolar stack by comparing Greenland records with Antarctica records, assuming the shared signal is a production signal. Finally, we observe significant increases (36%–64%) in 10Be depositions in Greenland related to the Agung eruption. This large increase in Greenland 10Be records after the Agung eruption, could be partly explained by the enhanced air mass transport from mid‐latitudes coinciding with the decreased precipitation en‐route.
On the Sensitivity of Convective Cold Pools to Mesh Resolution
Authors: Fiévet Romain , Meyer Bettina , Haerter Jan O.
Published: August 2023

It is well recognized that triggering of convective cells through cold pools (CPs) is key to the organization of convection. Yet, numerous studies have found that both the characterization and parameterization of CP effects in numerical models is cumbersome—in part due to the lack of numerical convergence with respect to the horizontal mesh resolution, Δx, obtained in typical cloud‐resolving simulators. Within a comprehensive numerical convergence study we systematically increase the horizontal resolution in a set of idealized large‐eddy simulations. Our analysis captures key CP processes, namely free propagation, frontal collision and merging of gust fronts. We characterize the numerical convergence of tropospheric moistening rates, gust front vortical strength and propagation speed, and the amplitude of the lobe‐and‐cleft instability. The understanding gained from this analysis may help develop robust subgrid models for CP dynamics.
Exploring Controls on Coastal Dune Growth Through a Simplified Model
Authors: Kombiadou Katerina , Costas Susana , Roelvink Dano
Published: August 2023

Process‐based morphodynamic models can be useful in understanding coastal dune responses to disturbances, as well as possible evolutionary patterns. To this aim, we employ Duna, a simplified 1D morphodynamic model, to assess the influence of dune morphology (height and slope) on sand transfer and deposition across the dune profile for different beach widths and wind incidence angles through idealized experiments. Simulations of real conditions show good model performance, both in wind flow reproduction and in topographic change along the dune profiles tested. The idealized experiments show that wind speed increases and sand accumulation decreases logarithmically with dune height and linearly with stoss slope along the dune profile. Fetch and cosine transport limiting parameters are reflected in the sand accumulated windwards from the toe, while sand transfer to the dune appears controlled by multiple factors; the higher the dune and/or the narrower the beach, the likelier that maximum accumulation occurs under oblique winds. Results point to two different types of evolution for high dunes. Either the vegetation is dense enough to maintain the stoss position, in which case vertical growth near‐ceases and seaward progradation is promoted, or the stoss is eroded and landward retreat dominates, in which case sand transfer to the crest and lee continues as a mixture of low input from the beach and recycled sand from the stoss.
Matrix Approach to Accelerate Spin‐Up of CLM5
Authors: Liao Cuijuan , Lu Xingjie , Huang Yuanyuan , Tao Feng , Lawrence David M. , Koven Charles D. , Oleson Keith W. , Wieder William R. , Kluzek Erik , Huang Xiaomeng , Luo Yiqi
Published: August 2023

Numerical models have been developed to investigate and understand responses of biogeochemical cycle to global changes. Steady state, when a system is in dynamic equilibrium, is generally required to initialize these model simulations. However, the spin‐up process that is used to achieve steady state pose a great burden to computational resources, limiting the efficiency of global modeling analysis on biogeochemical cycles. This study introduces a new Semi‐Analytical Spin‐Up (SASU) to tackle this grand challenge. We applied SASU to Community Land Model version 5 and examined its computational efficiency and accuracy. At the Brazil site, SASU is computationally 7 times more efficient than (or saved up to 86% computational cost in comparison with) the traditional native dynamics (ND) spin‐up to reach the same steady state. Globally, SASU is computationally 8 times more efficient than the accelerated decomposition spin‐up and 50 times more efficient than ND. In summary, SASU achieves the highest computational efficiency for spin‐up on site and globally in comparison with other spin‐up methods. It is generalizable to wide biogeochemical models and thus makes computationally costly studies (e.g., parameter perturbation ensemble analysis and data assimilation) possible for a better understanding of biogeochemical cycle under climate change.
Collective magnetic Higgs excitation in a pyrochlore ruthenate
Authors: Wulferding Dirk , Kim Junkyoung , Kim Mi Kyung , Yang Yang , Lee Jae Hyuck , Song Dongjoon , Oh Dongjin , Kim Heung-Sik , Chern Li Ern , Kim Yong Baek , Noh Minji , Choi Hyunyong , Choi Sungkyun , Perkins Natalia B. , Kim Changyoung , Park Seung Ryong
Published: August 2023

The emergence of scalar Higgs-type amplitude modes in systems where symmetry is spontaneously broken has been a highly successful, paradigmatic description of phase transitions, with implications ranging from high-energy particle physics to low-energy condensed matter systems. Here, we uncover two successive high temperature phase transitions in the pyrochlore magnet Nd2Ru2O7 at TN = 147 K and T* = 97 K, that lead to giant phonon instabilities and culminate in the emergence of a highly coherent excitation. This coherent excitation, distinct from other phonons and from conventional magnetic modes, stabilizes at a low energy of 3 meV. We assign it to a collective Higgs-type amplitude mode, that involves bond energy modulations of the Ru4 tetrahedra. Its striking two-fold symmetry, incompatible with the underlying crystal structure, highlights the possibility of multiple entangled broken symmetries.
A model framework to communicate the risks associated with aflatoxins
Authors: Bhardwaj Kiran , Meneely Julie P. , Haughey Simon A. , Dean Moira , Wall Patrick , Petchkongkaew Awanwee , Baker Bob , Zhang Guangtao , Elliott Christopher T.
Published: August 2023

Risk communication is defined as the interactive exchange of information and opinions concerning risk, risk-related factors and risk perceptions amongst all the stakeholders of food safety throughout the risk analysis process. The interactive exchange of information occurs at three different levels i.e. informed level, dialogue level and engagement level. For an effective food safety risk communication (FSRC), it is important that the information should adhere to the core principles of risk communication which are transparency, openness, responsiveness and timeliness. Communication of a food safety risk within all the components of risk communication strategy constitutes a complex network of information flow that can be better understood with the help of a framework. Therefore, a model framework to communicate the risks associated with aflatoxins (AFs) dietary intake has been developed with the aim of (a) creating general awareness amongst public and (b) involving industry stakeholders in the prevention and control of risk. The framework has been motivated by the learnings and best practices outlined in the identified technical guidance documents for risk communication. Risk assessors, risk managers, industry stakeholders and general public have been identified as the major stakeholders for the present framework. Amongst them, industry stakeholders and general public has been selected as the major target audience for risk managers. Moreover, population residing in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) has been identified as the main target group to reach.
How level of understanding and type of used sources relate to adherence to COVID-19 public health measures in Canada
Authors: Courdi Clémentine , Ramazan Ali Sahar , Pelletier-Dumas Mathieu , Stolle Dietlind , Dorfman Anna , Lina Jean-Marc , Lacourse Éric , de la Sablonnière Roxane
Published: August 2023

Previous studies have highlighted the importance of promoting health literacy and minimizing misinformation to encourage higher adherence to key public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explores how one’s self-reported understanding of information and types of sources used to get information regarding COVID-19 can hinder adherence to public health measures implemented by the Canadian government. Data was collected following a longitudinal design of 11 time points for April 2020 to April 2021. The sub-sample used for this study included 2659 Canadians who completed the survey for at least four time points. Using Latent Class Growth Analysis, we modelled typical trajectories of adherence to three key public health measures: staying home, social distancing and mask wearing. Overall, a lower level of understanding was associated with lower adherence trajectories to public health measures, and vice-versa. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) showed that the higher the level of understanding, the higher were the chances of following a high adherence trajectory. The type of used sources also showed a significant statistical association with adherence trajectories for social distancing and staying home (AOR: between 1.1 and 3.4). These results are discussed considering future policy implications.
Degradation and energy performance evaluation of mono-crystalline photovoltaic modules in Egypt
Authors: Atia Doaa M. , Hassan Amal A. , El-Madany Hanaa T. , Eliwa Aref Y. , Zahran Mohamed B.
Published: August 2023

Degradation reduces the capability of solar photovoltaic (PV) production over time. Studies on PV module degradation are typically based on time-consuming and labor-intensive accelerated or field experiments. Understanding the modes and methodologies of degradation is critical to certifying PV module lifetimes of 25 years. Both technological and environmental conditions affect the PV module degradation rate. This paper investigates the degradation of 24 mono-crystalline silicon PV modules mounted on the rooftop of Egypt's electronics research institute (ERI) after 25 years of outdoor operation. Degradation rates were determined using the module's performance ratio, temperature losses, and energy yield. Visual inspection, I–V characteristic measurement, and degradation rate have all been calculated as part of the PV evaluation process. The results demonstrate that the modules' maximum power ($${P}_{max}$$

P

max

) has decreased in an average manner by 23.3% over time. The degradation rates of short-circuit current ($${I}_{sc}$$

I

sc

) and maximum current ($${I}_{m}$$

I
m

) are 12.16% and 7.2%, respectively. The open-circuit voltage ($${V}_{oc}$$

V

oc

), maximum voltage ($${V}_{m}$$

V
m

), and fill factor ($$FF$$

FF

) degradation rates are 2.28%, 12.16%, and 15.3%, respectively. The overall performance ratio obtained for the PV system is 85.9%. After a long time of operation in outdoor conditions, the single diode model's five parameters are used for parameter identification of each module to study the effect of aging on PV module performance.
Comparisons of the prediction models for undiagnosed diabetes between machine learning versus traditional statistical methods
Authors: Choi Seong Gyu , Oh Minsuk , Park Dong–Hyuk , Lee Byeongchan , Lee Yong-ho , Jee Sun Ha , Jeon Justin Y.
Published: August 2023

We compared the prediction performance of machine learning-based undiagnosed diabetes prediction models with that of traditional statistics-based prediction models. We used the 2014–2020 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) (N = 32,827). The KNHANES 2014–2018 data were used as training and internal validation sets and the 2019–2020 data as external validation sets. The receiver operating characteristic curve area under the curve (AUC) was used to compare the prediction performance of the machine learning-based and the traditional statistics-based prediction models. Using sex, age, resting heart rate, and waist circumference as features, the machine learning-based model showed a higher AUC (0.788 vs. 0.740) than that of the traditional statistical-based prediction model. Using sex, age, waist circumference, family history of diabetes, hypertension, alcohol consumption, and smoking status as features, the machine learning-based prediction model showed a higher AUC (0.802 vs. 0.759) than the traditional statistical-based prediction model. The machine learning-based prediction model using features for maximum prediction performance showed a higher AUC (0.819 vs. 0.765) than the traditional statistical-based prediction model. Machine learning-based prediction models using anthropometric and lifestyle measurements may outperform the traditional statistics-based prediction models in predicting undiagnosed diabetes.
Characterizing the circadian connectome of Ocimum tenuiflorum using an integrated network theoretic framework
Authors: Singh Vikram , Singh Vikram
Published: August 2023

Across the three domains of life, circadian clock is known to regulate vital physiological processes, like, growth, development, defence etc. by anticipating environmental cues. In this work, we report an integrated network theoretic methodology comprising of random walk with restart and graphlet degree vectors to characterize genome wide core circadian clock and clock associated raw candidate proteins in a plant for which protein interaction information is available. As a case study, we have implemented this framework in Ocimum tenuiflorum (Tulsi); one of the most valuable medicinal plants that has been utilized since ancient times in the management of a large number of diseases. For that, 24 core clock (CC) proteins were mined in 56 template plant genomes to build their hidden Markov models (HMMs). These HMMs were then used to identify 24 core clock proteins in O. tenuiflorum. The local topology of the interologous Tulsi protein interaction network was explored to predict the CC associated raw candidate proteins. Statistical and biological significance of the raw candidates was determined using permutation and enrichment tests. A total of 66 putative CC associated proteins were identified and their functional annotation was performed.
A cluster-based trusted routing method using fire hawk optimizer (FHO) in wireless sensor networks (WSNs)
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Mehdi , Yoo Joon , Ali Saqib , Lansky Jan , Mildeova Stanislava , Yousefpoor Mohammad Sadegh , Ahmed Omed Hassan , Rahmani Amir Masoud , Tightiz Lilia
Published: August 2023

Today, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are growing rapidly and provide a lot of comfort to human life. Due to the use of WSNs in various areas, like health care and battlefield, security is an important concern in the data transfer procedure to prevent data manipulation. Trust management is an affective scheme to solve these problems by building trust relationships between sensor nodes. In this paper, a cluster-based trusted routing technique using fire hawk optimizer called CTRF is presented to improve network security by considering the limited energy of nodes in WSNs. It includes a weighted trust mechanism (WTM) designed based on interactive behavior between sensor nodes. The main feature of this trust mechanism is to consider the exponential coefficients for the trust parameters, namely weighted reception rate, weighted redundancy rate, and energy state so that the trust level of sensor nodes is exponentially reduced or increased based on their hostile or friendly behaviors. Moreover, the proposed approach creates a fire hawk optimizer-based clustering mechanism to select cluster heads from a candidate set, which includes sensor nodes whose remaining energy and trust levels are greater than the average remaining energy and the average trust level of all network nodes, respectively. In this clustering method, a new cost function is proposed based on four objectives, including cluster head location, cluster head energy, distance from the cluster head to the base station, and cluster size. Finally, CTRF decides on inter-cluster routing paths through a trusted routing algorithm and uses these routes to transmit data from cluster heads to the base station. In the route construction process, CTRF regards various parameters such as energy of the route, quality of the route, reliability of the route, and number of hops. CTRF runs on the network simulator version 2 (NS2), and its performance is compared with other secure routing approaches with regard to energy, throughput, packet loss rate, latency, detection ratio, and accuracy. This evaluation proves the superior and successful performance of CTRF compared to other methods.
Blood glucose variance measured by continuous glucose monitors across the menstrual cycle
Authors: Lin Georgianna , Siddiqui Rumsha , Lin Zixiong , Blodgett Joanna M. , Patel Shwetak N. , Truong Khai N. , Mariakakis Alex
Published: August 2023

Past studies on how blood glucose levels vary across the menstrual cycle have largely shown inconsistent results based on limited blood draws. In this study, 49 individuals wore a Dexcom G6 continuous glucose monitor and a Fitbit Sense smartwatch while measuring their menstrual hormones and self-reporting characteristics of their menstrual cycles daily. The average duration of participation was 79.3 ± 21.2 days, leading to a total of 149 cycles and 554 phases in our dataset. We use periodic restricted cubic splines to evaluate the relationship between blood glucose and the menstrual cycle, after which we assess phase-based changes in daily median glucose level and associated physiological parameters using mixed-effects models. Results indicate that daily median glucose levels increase and decrease in a biphasic pattern, with maximum levels occurring during the luteal phase and minimum levels occurring during the late-follicular phase. These trends are robust to adjustments for participant characteristics (e.g., age, BMI, weight) and self-reported menstrual experiences (e.g., food cravings, bloating, fatigue). We identify negative associations between each of daily estrogen level, step count, and low degrees of fatigue with higher median glucose levels. Conversely, we find positive associations between higher food cravings and higher median glucose levels. This study suggests that blood glucose could be an important parameter for understanding menstrual health, prompting further investigation into how the menstrual cycle influences glucose fluctuation.
Space-based gravitational wave signal detection and extraction with deep neural network
Authors: Zhao Tianyu , Lyu Ruoxi , Wang He , Cao Zhoujian , Ren Zhixiang
Published: August 2023

Space-based gravitational wave (GW) detectors will be able to observe signals from sources that are otherwise nearly impossible from current ground-based detection. Consequently, the well established signal detection method, matched filtering, will require a complex template bank, leading to a computational cost that is too expensive in practice. Here, we develop a high-accuracy GW signal detection and extraction method for all space-based GW sources. As a proof of concept, we show that a science-driven and uniform multi-stage self-attention-based deep neural network can identify synthetic signals that are submerged in Gaussian noise. Our method exhibits a detection rate exceeding 99% in identifying signals from various sources, with the signal-to-noise ratio at 50, at a false alarm rate of 1%. while obtaining at least 95% similarity compared with target signals. We further demonstrate the interpretability and strong generalization behavior for several extended scenarios.
The Cutaneous Barrier and Skin Infections
Authors: Rawal Swasti , Gupta Payal , Bachhuka Akash , Yadav Tara Chand
Published: August 2023

The skin is the largest organ of the body, with an approximate surface area of 1.8 m2, which serves as the first line of defense against a multitude of environmental and pathogenic challenges, such as light, heat, ultraviolet (UV) radiations, microbes, toxic chemicals, traumatic injury, allergens and oxidative stress. It encompasses different functional layers, mainly the epidermis and dermis, containing various immune cells, implying a protective function that assists in developing junctional integrity and host defense. Besides this cellular diversity, skin provides a complex and interactive barrier system comprising different barrier elements, namely physical, chemical, microbiological and immunological. This intricate barrier system acts as a potent arsenal of weapons against potential threats from external stressors and aids in maintaining the functional integrity of the skin. An intact skin barrier system is crucial to warding off harmful agents (toxins, pollutants and allergens) and promoting tissue homeostasis and repair. A compromised skin barrier with distorted tight junctions demonstrates allergic and chronic infections. This chapter aims to describe the characteristics and functional aspects of different cutaneous barrier elements available against pathogenic infection and the link between altered skin barrier formation and pathogenesis. Moreover, it is intended to elucidate a highly interconnected network of cells and mediators that fine-tune skin defense mechanisms and monitor barrier integrity.
Antioxidant Carriers
Authors: Delleani S. , Lacroce E. , Rossi F.
Published: August 2023

Wound healing is a restorative response that takes place following any surgical procedures or traumatic injuries. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in the preparation of the normal wound healing response. Therefore, a correct balance between low and high levels of ROS is essential. Antioxidant dressings that regulate this balance are a target for new therapies. The purpose of this chapter is to introduce the preparations of compounds with antioxidant properties that have been tested for wound healing and to summarize the available evidence on their effects.
Drug Delivery
Authors: Delleani S. , Lacroce E. , Rossi F.
Published: August 2023

The speed of the various physiological processes that affect wound healing depends on therapeutic agents, such as cytokines, antibacterial agents, growth factors, small molecules, proteins and bioactive agents. In addition to the speed of healing, there are several factors that should be considered in deciding the route of administration of therapies. Localized controlled release in wound healing can provide spatiotemporal control over drug dosage at the wound site, protect drugs from metabolic deactivation and maintain constant drug concentrations for an extended period of time. To define a delivery system as optimal it should be able to sequentially and selectively release antibacterial agents, growth factors, cytokines and other small molecules in a controlled manner so that the wound follows a natural course of healing.
Graphene, its Family and Potential Applications
Authors: Singha Debal Kanti , Bhanja Piyali , Mohanty Rupali Ipsita , Jena Bikash Kumar
Published: August 2023

In this chapter, we briefly introduce different kinds of carbon-based materials depending on their dimension. Different properties of graphene are discussed. Detailed descriptions of the synthesis of graphene-based materials are described. The chapter focuses on discussing graphene-based materials for supercapacitor application. The benefits of using graphene-based materials in the supercapacitor application are discussed. The activity of graphene-based materials toward fuel cells using different graphene-containing materials is described. The superiority of using graphene-based materials in fuel cell cathode catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions is also explained in this chapter.
Increasing Pediatric Hearing Aid Use: Considerations for Clinical Practice
Authors: Muñoz Karen , Markle Kali , San Miguel Guadalupe G. , Twohig Michael P.
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

Hearing aid use can be variable for young children, and inconsistent wear time can undermine spoken language development. This study explored the effectiveness of hearing aid data logging (DL) awareness and coaching sessions on increasing hours of hearing aid use. We also collected qualitative data on challenges participants experienced managing hearing aid use.

Method:

We used a single-subject design that included three conditions, during a 6-week period, in the same order for each participant. Condition A was baseline, Condition B was DL monitoring alone, and Condition C was remote coaching calls plus DL monitoring.

Results:

Hours of hearing aid use increased for each child from baseline to the end of the study, ranging from 1.19 to 4.4 hr. Mothers reported that the coaching calls were beneficial and helped them identify and problem-solve issues.

Conclusions:

Parents were able to increase hours of hearing aid use with DL awareness and coaching support. Tele-audiology offers an opportunity to provide parents with more frequent support that can be individualized based on their situation, challenges, and family needs.
Introduction: An International Perspective on Clinical Research in Speech-Language Pathology Cleft Care
Authors: Louw Brenda
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

International cleft care can be viewed from the perspective of reviewing and closely examining clinical research conducted by speech-language pathologists in countries around the globe that may contribute to evidence-based practices in our own settings. Clinical research is aimed at bridging the gap between research and clinical practice by maximizing the relevance and application of research for practice. It is informed by current needs and barriers to practice and addresses the evaluation of the methods of assessment and intervention with clinicians as the primary audience. The aim of this forum is to share research conducted in clinical settings around the globe and to facilitate a broader reach and greater clinical impact to encourage clinicians' implementation of the research-generated solutions.

Conclusion:

Authors from Brazil, United Kingdom and Ireland, and Sweden exchange their expertise, passion, and research findings on cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) to provide a broad view on clinical research internationally. The approaches and strategies shared may be applied to evidence-based practice in the United States to support quality service delivery when addressing the needs of individuals with CL/P.
Variability and interrelation of the main breeding traits of the winter soft wheat quality
Authors: Kravchenko Nina , Podgorny Sergey , Ignatieva Natalia , Chernova Valentina
Published: August 2023

Wheat bread rightfully belongs to the greatest inventions of mankind. The concept of wheat quality is very capacious and includes a wide range of characteristics: physical, chemical, rheological and consumer, which are in complex relationships with each other. The main purpose of soft wheat is the manufacture of bakery products. In this regard, the actual task of science is the creation and introduction into production of new varieties with high baking properties. The purpose of the research is to study the variability and relationships of quality traits; identification of the best varieties for use in the breeding process. It was found that the most strongly varying features were the specific work of deformation of the dough (11.7%) and the coefficient of the ratio of dough elasticity to extensibility (23.5%). The results of a correlation analysis on the conjugation of the characteristics of the quality of grain, flour and baking properties are presented. The quality of bread significantly depended on the volumetric yield of bread (r=0.9118) and the specific work of dough deformation (r=0.5119). A significant positive, strong relationship was found between the content of protein and gluten in the grain (r=0.8471). New varieties and lines of winter soft wheat of intensive type, distinguished by a complex of studied traits: the new variety Privolye, lines 1518/18 and 1401/19, are recommended to be used in the breeding process aimed at improving the quality of winter soft wheat grain.
The use of natural polysaccharides in the production of functional meat products
Authors: Krotova Olga , Mashtykov Sanal , Konieva Oksana , Gordeeva Nadezhda , Pavlenko Tatiana
Published: August 2023

The study of consumer properties and preservation of meat products using plant-based substances as preservative additives, in particular Icelandic moss and milk thistle, is of practical and theoretical interest, they contribute to an increase in the shelf life of perishable meat products at low storage temperatures.The study of the effect of extracts of Icelandic cetraria and milk thistle on the qualitative characteristics of meat products is of great interest to meat industry technologists. As a result of the research, the positive effect of milk thistle extract and Icelandic moss on consumer characteristics, microbiological indicators, antioxidant properties and shelf life of meat semi-finished products has been established, which can be increased to four months against the boundary three months of GOST. Its optimal concentration for introduction into the formulations of meat semi-finished products in an amount of 1%, in the form of a 10% aqueous solution, is justified. The introduction of milk thistle extract and Icelandic moss in an amount of 1% in the form of a 10% aqueous solution into the formulation of meat products will increase the shelf life, organoleptic evaluation, while the cost of their production will increase by only 1.7%, which can be compensated by a higher price for the product due to the better consumer characteristics of meat products. The profitability of the experimental products was higher by 9.5% compared to the GOST.
Seed productivity and adaptability potential of varieties and promising lines of sainfoin in the south of the Rostov region
Authors: Regidin Andrey , Ignatiev Stanislav , Goryunov Kirill
Published: August 2023

Esparcet is not inferior to alfalfa in terms of fodder mass productivity, its nutritional value, content of protein and other nutrients. The main tasks in creating varieties of sainfoin are the selection of new, with high productivity of green mass and seeds, ecologically adapted, with a sufficiently high plasticity to a wide variation in the environmental conditions of its cultivation zones, varieties. The purpose of the research is to assess the plasticity, stability, stress resistance, genetic flexibility and homeostaticity of varieties and promising lines of sainfoin on the basis of “seed yield”. The studies were carried out in 2017-2021. Plot area 20 m2, fourfold repetition, seeding rate 500 pcs. germinating seeds per 1 m2. Seed harvesting was carried out by direct combining. Over the years of research, the seed yield was higher for the Atamansky 20 variety (0.86 t/ha) and the promising lines Sin 3/2004 (0.88 t/ha), Sin 5/2010 (0.91 t/ha) and Sin 3 /2010 (0.94 t/ha). It was established that varieties Veles (bi = 0.15), Atamansky (bi = 0.29) and Zernogradsky 2 (bi = 0.32) react poorly to changing conditions. The values of the stability coefficient of the studied varieties and lines varied from 0.0009 to 0.0076. The sainfoin varieties Sudar (σd2 = 0.0009), Atamansky (σd2 = 0.0010), Veles (σd2 = 0.0015) have the highest stability. The varieties of sainfoin Atamansky, Sudar, Atamansky 20 and Veles were distinguished by wide homeostaticity. they have high plasticity, stability and stress resistance.
Agricultural reclamation complex as a means to obtain guaranteed yields of agricultural systems
Authors: Khadzhidi Anna , Kuznetsov Evgeny , Khadzhidi Aleksandr , Kravchenko Lyudmila
Published: August 2023

The article presents the economic justification of the agricultural reclamation complex, the practical implementation of which was carried out in the form of an adapted land security system on agricultural lands of the Kanevsky district of Krasnodar Krai in the form of an investment project of a reclamation system. Two variants of the ecological and economic effect of the investment project of the adapted land security system were considered. Option 1 provided for irrigation of crops by sprinkling, the introduction of measures to protect agricultural landscapes from flooding and waterlogging, but excluded the clearing of the river section, the second option, in addition to the measures provided for in option 1, also included the clearing of the irrigation source. It has been established that in conditions of shortage of runoff during the growing season of agricultural crops, option 2 allows obtaining guaranteed high yields of agricultural crops and managing the reclamation state of the soil.
Effect of initial material creation methods on seed potato yield and crop structure
Authors: Ruzmetov Gulom , Jumanov Laziz , Kakhkharova Oydin
Published: August 2023

This article presents the results of the research conducted for the purpose of studying the influence of the methods of initial material creation on seed potato productivity and crop structure. Also, the article provides valuable information about the influence of the methods of creating the initial material on the yield indicators of potato varieties. The results obtained in our research show that the methods of selection and initial material creation serve as one of the main factors determining the yield of clones. Based only on the visual method, the highest yield (26.6 t/ha) was obtained in the “Surkhan-1” variety. In the variety “Sante” this indicator was 23.0 t/ha, and in the variety “Umid 2” it was 24.7 t/ha. In the variant carried out with serological analyzes of this method, these indicators were 28.6, 24.6 and 26.3 t/ha, respectively, that is, the difference between the yield of the varieties according to the variants is 1.6-2.0 t per hectare. The highest additional yield was obtained from the variety “Surkhan-1” (2.0 t/ha).
Design of a structurally optimized bioinspired structural arrangement of carbon composite fuselage of unmanned aerial vehicle based on parametric modeling
Authors: Baranovski S. V. , Zaw K.
Published: August 2023

Currently, the industry of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) is actively developing. They perform a wide range of different civilian and military tasks. Depending on the task, stringent requirements are imposed on the design, but the key ones are low weight, high strength and survivability. Satisfying these requirements will increase the payload mass and extend the life of the product. This can be ensured by the use of polymer composite materials (PCM) based on carbon fibers and new structural arrangement. This is especially true for the main element of the UAV frame –the fuselage. The work is devoted to an urgent task –the development of a new UAV composite structural layout. Structural-optimized structures are considered: bioinspired, auxetic, grid structures. A comparison of the developed options with the classical structure of the frame is carried out. A variant that exceeds the classical layout in terms of mass and strength up to 25% is selected. Main layout parameters are determined.
Prospects for the synthesis and application of copolyimides based on tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride mixtures
Authors: Kuleznev A. S. , Zhukova V. A. , Storozhuk I. P. , Zarubina A. N. , Ivankin A. N.
Published: August 2023

The process of obtaining copolyimides by polycondensation based on 3,6-diaminoacridine, 9,9-bis-(p-aminophenyl)fluorene, dianhydride of 2,2-bis-(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane and dianhydride of 3,3',4,4'-tetracarboxydifenyloxide are described. The main physico-chemical properties of the obtained products are discussed and the prospects for the use of these soluble and fusible products as a polymer base for the preparation of composite materials are shown.