bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Controller Design Of Unicycle Mobile Robot
Authors: Abd Rashid Mohd Zamzuri , Sidek Shahrul Naim
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: The ability of unicycle mobile robot to stand and move around using one wheel has attracted a lot of researchers to conduct studies about the system, particularly in the design of the system mechanisms and the control strategies. This paper reports the investigation done on the design of the controller of the unicycle mobile robot system to maintain its stability in both longitudinal and lateral directions. The controller proposed is a Linear Quadratic Controller (LQR) type which is based on the linearized model of the system. A thorough simulation studies have been carried out to find out the performance of the LQR controller. The best controller gain,Â KÂ acquired through the simulation is selected to be implemented and tested in the experimental hardware. Finally, the results obtained from the experimental study are compared to the simulation results to study the controller efficacy. The analysis reveals that the proposed controller design is able to stabilize the unicycle mobile robot.ABSTRAK: Kemampuan robot satu roda untuk berdiri dan bergerak di sekitar telah menarik minat ramai penyelidik untuk mengkaji sistem robot terutamanya didalam bidang rangka mekanikal dan strategi kawalan robot. Kertas kajian ini melaporkan hasil penyelidikan ke atas strategi kawalan robot bagi memastikan sistem robot satu roda dapat distabilkan dari arah sisi dan hadapan. Strategi kawalan yang dicadang, menggunakan teknik kawalan kuadratik sejajar (Linear Quadratic Control) yang berdasarkan model robot yang telah dipermudahkan. Kajian simulasi secara terperinci telah dijalankan bagi mengkaji prestasi strategi kawalan yang dicadangkan. Dari kajian simulasi sistem robot, pemilihan faktor konstan, K yang sesuai di dalam strategi kawalan telah dibuat, agar dapat dilaksanakan ke atas sistem robot yang dibangunkan. Keputusan dari kajian simulasi dan tindak balas oleh sistem robot yang dibangunkan akhirnya dibandingkan bagi melihat kesesuaian faktor kostan, K yang dipilih. Analisa menunjukkan dengan menggunakan strategi kawalan yang dicadangkan dapat menstabilkan robot satu roda.KEYWORDS: unicycle mobile robot; nonholonomic system; LQR
Total Nitorgen Content from Earthworm (Eisenia Foetida) Using The Kjeldahl Method
Authors: Zakaria Zarina , Mohamed Alina Rahayu , Mohd Salleh Noor Hasyierah , Abu Mansor Siti Nursheela
Published: October 2018

In the fish aquaculture management, fish feed is identified as a major problem. The high cost and scarcity of fishmeal in formulated feeds have led to the use of other protein sources such as earthworms and animal by-product. Earthworm is an alternative protein source to replace the fish meal in the fish feed formulation. In this study, total nitrogen content in earthworm powder is determined using the Kjeldahl method by employing the statistical software, Full Factorial Design (FFD) which could provide the significant information about the studied parameters. The parameters are the digestion time (min) and the volume of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) (ml). From the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the volume of H2SO4and the interaction between digestion time and the volume of H2SO4arefound to be important parameters in the nitrogen determination process via the Kjeldahl method. The highest nitrogen content obtained was 12.23% when using 15 ml H2SO4 and 60 mins of digestion time. The value of R2 is 0.9986 which shows that the selected parameters (the digestion time and the volume of H2SO4) and its corresponding levels are highly correlated to the percentage nitrogen content in earthworm powder using the Kjeldahl method.Â ABSTRAK:Dalam pengurusan akuakultur ikan, makanan telah dikenalpasti sebagai masalah utama. Kos yang tinggi serta kekurangan sumber makanan telah menggalakkan pencarian sumber protein baru seperti cacing tanah dan hasil sampingan sembelihan haiwan ternakan. Cacing adalah sumber protein alternatif menggantikan ramuan ikan (fish meal) dalam formulasi makanan ikan. Dalam kajian ini, kandungan jumlah nitrogen dalam serbuk cacing tanah telah dianalisa menggunakan kaedah Kjeldahl dengan menggunapakai perisian statistikal iaitu Full Factorial Design (FFD) yang boleh memberikan maklumat yang penting berkenaan dengan parameter-parameter yang dikaji. Parameter-parameter tersebut adalah masa pencernaan (min) dan isipadu asid sulfurik (H2SO4) (ml). Daripada analisa varian (ANOVA), isipadu H2SO4 dan interaksi antara masa pencernaan dan isipadu H2SO4 telah dikenalpasti sebagai parameter-parameter utama dalam proses penentuan kandungan nitrogen melalui kaedah Kjeldahl. Kandungan nitrogen yang tertinggi diperolehi adalah 12.23% bila menggunakan 15 ml H2SO4 dan 60 minit masa pencernaan. Nilai R2 adalah 0.9986 menunjukkan bahawa parameter-parameter (masa pencernaan dan isipadu H2SO4) dan aras yang dipilih mempunyai perkaitan langsung yang tinggi dengan kandungan nitrogen dalam serbuk cacing dengan menggunakan kaedah Kjeldahl.KEYWORDS: nitrogen content;, earthworm; Kjeldahl method
Comparison between Scheduling Techniques in Long Term Evolution
Authors: Habaebi M. H. , Chebil J. , Al-Sakkaf A. G. , Dahawi T. H.
Published: October 2018

Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is a recently evolving technology characterized by very high speed data rate that allows users to access internet through their mobile as well as through other electronic devices.Â  Such technology is intended to support variety of IP-based heterogeneous traffic types. Traffic scheduling plays an important role in LTE technology by assigning the shared resources among users in the most efficient manner. This paper discusses the performance of three types of scheduling algorithms namely: Round Robin, best Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) and Proportional Fair (PF) schedulers representing the extreme cases in scheduling. The scheduling algorithms performances on the downlink were measured in terms of throughput and block error rate using a MATLAB-based system level simulation. Results indicate that the best CQI algorithm outperforms other algorithms in terms of throughput levels but on the expense of fairness to other users suffering from bad channel conditions. ABSTRAK: Teknologi baru Evolusi Jangka Panjang (LTE) sentiasa berubah dan ia bercirikan kelajuan kadar data sangat tinggi yang membolehkan pengguna mengakses internet melalui telefon bimbit dan peranti elektronik lain. Teknologi seperti ini bertujuan menyokong pelbagai jenis trafik heterogen berasaskan IP. Penjadualan trafik memainkan peranan penting dalam teknologi LTE bagi mengagihkan sumber perkongsian secara paling berkesan di kalangan pengguna. Kertas ini membincangkan prestasi tiga jenis algoritma penjadualan iaitu: pusingan Robin, penunjuk kualiti saluran (CQI) terbaik danÂ  penjadualan berkadar adil (PF) yang merupakan kes ekstrem dalam penjadualan. Prestasi penjadualan Algoritma di pautan turun diukur dari segi daya pemprosesan dan kadar ralat blok melalui simulasiÂ  sistem menggunakan MATLAB. Hasil kajian menunjukkan algoritma CQI adalah yang terbaik berbanding hasil algoritma lain dari segi tahap daya pemprosesan tetapi algoritma ini menyebabkan pengguna lain mengalami keadaan saluran buruk.KEYWORDS: LTE; round robin; best CQI; proportional fair; scheduling; resource blocks
HARMONIC DISTORTION ASSESSMENT BY AREA BASED APPROACH AT SINGLE PHASING OF AN INDUCTION MOTOR
Authors: Chattopadhyay Surajit , Sengupta Samarjit
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: This paper presents harmonic distortion assessment by area based approach at single phasing of an induction motor. This has been achieved by assessing voltage and current signals using area based approach. Some specific reference signals have been defined, after which, real power system data are plotted with this reference signal and areas thus formed by the real power system data with the reference signal have been calculated wherefrom contributions of fundamental waveform and harmonic components in real and reactive powers have been assessed separately. Single phasing is done on induction machine and total harmonic distortion factors have then been calculated. Significant change is observed in harmonic distortion due to single phasing. ABSTRAK: Kertas kerja ini membentangkan penilaian herotan harmonik menggunakan kaedah keluasan kawasan pada pemfasaan tunggal motor aruhan. Menggunakan kaedah keluasan kawasan, penilaian terhasil dengan memantau isyarat arus dan voltan. Sesetengah isyarat rujukan tertentu dikenal pasti, di mana, data sistem kuasa sebenar diplotkan berdasarkan isyarat rujukan ini. Kawasan kemudiannya dibentuk dengan adanya data sistem kuasa sebenar dengan menggunakan pengiraan isyarat rujukan. Pengiraan ini memberikan bentuk gelombang asas dan komponen harmonik sebenar di mana kuasa reaktif ditentukan secara berasingan. Pemfasaan tunggal ditentukan menggunakan mesin aruhan dan faktor jumlah herotan harmonik diambil kira .Perubahan yang ketara dikenal pasti dalam herotan harmonik yang disebabkan oleh pemfasaan tunggal.
THE ECONOMICS OF MICROHYDRO POWER PLANTS
Authors: Abid Muhammad , Karimov Kh. S. , Al-Grafi M. W. , Islomov S. I. , Karimova N. H.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT:Â Â In this paper economics of a micro-hydropower plant installed in the village named Pashmi-Kuhna of Tajikistan and of a battery-based micro-hydropower plant on catamaran for free water flow operation designed, fabricated and tested in GIK Institute of Pakistan are discussed. For the economic evaluation of these power plants, the life-cycle costing approach is used.Â  Finally the costs of the produced energy by the micro-hydropower plants are calculated.Â ABSTRAK: Menerusi kertas kerja ini, bidang ekonomi loji hidrokuasa mikro yang dibina di perkampunganÂ  Pashmi-Kuhna, Tajikistan diperbincangkan. Loji hidrokuasa mikro di atas katamaran yang membolehkan gerakan air bebas berasaskan bateri direka, dicipta dan diuji di Institut Pakistan GIK. Untuk penilaian ekonomi loji ini, pendekatan pengekosan kitar hidup telah digunakan. Akhirnya, kos dihitung berdasarkan kuasa yang dihasilkan oleh loji hidrokuasa mikro.
ON CALCULATION OF MULTIPLE EIGENVALUES OF THE LINEAR OPERATOR-FUNCTION BY REDUCTION PSEUDO-PERTURBATION METHODS
Authors: Ganievich Rakhimov Davran
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT:Â In this article, methods of theory of bifurcations, applies to the problem of retaining of the approximately given multiple eigenvalues and their generalized eigenvectors. This approach allows the reduction of algebraic multiplicity of eigenvalue to one and transfers the problem to the similar one but with simple eigenvalue. The method of the false perturbation is used to construct iterative processes.Â ABSTRAK:Â Dalam artikel ini, kaedah teori bifurkasi diaplikasikan terhadap masalah untuk mengekalkan penghampiran pelbagai nilai eigen dan vektor eigen yang teritlak. Kaedah ini membenarkan pengurangan kegandaan aljabar nilai eigen kepada satu dan memindahkan permasalahan kepada yang hampir serupa tetapi dengan nilai eigen yang lebih mudah. Pengkaedahan usikan palsu digunakan untuk proses pelelaran.
A HEURISTIC CASCADING FUZZY LOGIC APPROACH TO REACTIVE NAVIGATION FOR UAV
Authors: Chak Yew-Chung , Varatharajoo Renuganth
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: The capability of navigating Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) safely in unknown terrain offers huge potential for wider applications in non-segregated airspace. Flying in non-segregated airspace present a risk of collision with static obstacles (e.g., towers, power lines) and moving obstacles (e.g., aircraft, balloons). In this work, we propose a heuristic cascading fuzzy logic control strategy to solve for the Conflict Detection and Resolution (CD&R) problem, in which the control strategy is comprised of two cascading modules. The first one is Obstacle Avoidance control and the latter is Path Tracking control. Simulation results show that the proposed architecture effectively resolves the conflicts and achieve rapid movement towards the target waypoint.ABSTRAK: Keupayaan mengemudi Kenderaan Udara Tanpa Pemandu (UAV) dengan selamat di kawasan yang tidak diketahui menawarkan potensi yang besar untuk aplikasi yang lebih luas dalam ruang udara yang tidak terasing. Terbang di ruang udara yang tidak terasing menimbulkan risiko perlanggaran dengan halangan statik (contohnya, menara, talian kuasa) dan halangan bergerak (contohnya, pesawat udara, belon). Dalam kajian ini, kami mencadangkan satu strategi heuristik kawalan logik kabur yang melata untuk menyelesaikan masalah Pengesanan Konflik dan Penyelesaian (CD&R), di mana strategi kawalan yang terdiri daripada dua modul melata. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahawa seni bina yang dicadangkan berjaya menyelesaikan konflik dan mencapai penerbangan pesat ke arah titik laluan sasaran.KEYWORDS: fuzzy logic; motion planning; obstacle avoidance; path tracking; reactive navigation; UAV
EXISTENCE OF SOLUTIONS OF FRACTIONAL INTEGRODIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM WITH NONLOCAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Kumar Kamlendra , Kumar Rakesh
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT :Â  In the present paper we prove the existence and uniqueness of local solutions of a nonlocal Cauchy problem for a class of fractional integrodifferential equation. The results are obtained by using the theory of resolvent operators, the fractional powers of operators, fixed point techniques and the Gelfand-Shilov principle.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SOLAR COLLECTORS USING A SOLAR SIMULATOR
Authors: Norhafana M. , Ismail Ahmad Faris , Majid Z. A. A.
Published: October 2018

Solar water heating systems is one of the applications of solar energy. One of the components of a solar water heating system is a solar collector that consists of an absorber. The performance of the solar water heating system depends on the absorber in the solar collector. In countries with unsuitable weather conditions, the indoor testing of solar collectors with the use of a solar simulator is preferred. Thus, this study is conducted to use a multilayered absorber in the solar collector of a solar water heating system as well as to evaluate the performance of the solar collector in terms of useful heat of the multilayered absorber using the multidirectional ability of a solar simulator at several values of solar radiation. It is operated at three variables of solar radiation of 400 W/m2, 550 W/m2 and 700 W/m2 and using three different positions of angles at 0Âº, 45Âº and 90Âº. The results show that the multilayer absorber in the solar collector is only able to best adapt at 45Â° of solar simulator with different values of radiation intensity. At this angle the maximum values of useful heat and temperature difference are achieved.Â KEYWORDS: solar water heating system; solar collector; multilayered absorber; solar simulator; solar radiationÂ
A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOMASS FLOW SENSING BEHAVIOR USING CAPACITIVE TECHNIQUE
Authors: Tasnim Rumana , Khan Sheroz , Mohamud Musse , Arshad Atika
Published: October 2018

Flowsensing technology from todayâ€™s application perspective has gained significant research interest over the past few years. Among the existing sensing techniques, electrostatic and capacitive sensing techniques have proven promising although cable capacitance and stray capacitance cause inaccuracy while measuring very small capacitances. The existing measurement circuit model is complicated and has flawed electrode arrangement. By sensing very small capacitive variation, the developed capacitive technique has proven capable of reducing the stray and residual capacitance effect by using an interface sensing circuit based on circular and semicircular shaped electrode and modified capacitive bridge. The proposed interface circuit is simulated via PSPICE for realizing the small capacitive variation with permittivity variation. Hardware implementation is carried out using a flow sensing set up that senses two kinds of biomass flow variation as a change of dielectric permittivity under room conditions. The output voltage has been reproduced as a representative of the flow. Moreover, a comprehensive investigation into experimental data shows an agreeable level of consistency with the simulation results.KEYWORDS:Â  electrodes; sensing; capacitance; electrostatic; piping; measurement
PROBABILISTIC MODEL OF LASER RANGE FINDER FOR THREE DIMENSIONAL GRID CELL IN CLOSE RANGE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Iman Hafiz b , MD RASHID NAHRUL KHAIR ALANG
Published: October 2018

The probabilistic model of a laser scanner presents an important aspect for simultaneous localization and map-building (SLAM). However, the characteristic of the beam of the laser range finder under extreme incident angles approaching 900 has not been thoroughly investigated. This research paper reports the characteristic of the density of the range value coming from a laser range finder under close range circumstances where the laser is imposed with a high incident angle. The laser was placed in a controlled environment consisting of walls at a close range and 1000 iteration of scans was collected. The assumption of normal density of the metrical data collapses when the beam traverses across sharp edges in this environment. The data collected also shows multimodal density at instances where the range has discontinuity. The standard deviation of the laser range finder is reported to average at 10.54 mm, with 0.96 of accuracy. This significance suggests that under extreme incident angles, a laser range finder reading behaves differently compared to normal distribution. The use of this information is crucial for SLAM activity in enclosed environments such as inside piping grid or other cluttered environments.KEYWORDS: Â  Hokuyo UTM-30LX; kernel density estimation; probabilistic model Â
A NEURAL NETWORK BASED TRAFFIC-AWARE FORWARDING STRATEGY IN NAMED DATA NETWORKING
Authors: Bazmi Parisa , Keshtgary Manijeh
Published: October 2018

Named Data Networking (NDN) is a new Internet architecture which has been proposed to eliminate TCP/IP Internet architecture restrictions. This architecture is abstracting away the notion of host and working based on naming datagrams. However, one of the major challenges of NDN is supporting QoS-aware forwarding strategy so as to forward Interest packets intelligently over multiple paths based on the current network condition. In this paper, Neural Network (NN) Based Traffic-aware Forwarding strategy (NNTF) is introduced in order to determine an optimal path for Interest forwarding. NN is embedded in NDN routers to select next hop dynamically based on the path overload probability achieved from the NN. This solution is characterized by load balancing and QoS-awareness via monitoring the available path and forwarding data on the traffic-aware shortest path. The performance of NNTF is evaluated using ndnSIM which shows the efficiency of this scheme in terms of network QoS improvementof17.5% and 72% reduction in network delay and packet drop respectively.
A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF RIVER REHABILITATION EXPERIENCES
Authors: Nuruzzaman Md , Al Mamun Abdullah , Salleh Md Noor Bin
Published: October 2018

Rehabilitation of polluted rivers has gained great importance to many countries in the world since the last century as the river is a vital water resource and it is being altered because of urbanization and industrialization causing great threat to the environment. Literatures on river rehabilitation projects have been reviewed focusing on the developing part of the world such as USA, UK, Japan etc. Rehabilitation issues of rivers crossing borders have also been discussed in this paper. Key lessons from different experiences in different regions have been extracted and comparison has been done. Statistics on different experiences has also been presented. Finally, some guidelines have been provided based on different experiences, which should be helpful for developed and developing nations making river rehabilitation efforts.
Optimal Allocation of Active Power Filter On real distribution network for improvement of power quality by use of BBO: A case study
Authors: Samadaei Emad , Khosravi Alireza , Sheikholeslami Abdolreza
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT:Â  According to development of power electronics device, harmonic distortion spread on the network. Thus harmonic is a threat for instrument, network, decreasing of line capacity and etc. Active power ï¬lter (APF) can be employed for harmonic compensation in power systems. In this paper a distorted distribution feeder is considered and analyzed from power quality viewpoint using power analyzer device and simulated in MATLAB-Mfile. Then the size and place of active power filters are determined by use of Biogeography Based Optimization (BBO). The goal of this optimization is minimizing of losses and total harmonic distortion (THD) in feeder by considering economical cost.Â  The performance of the approaches are assessed and appreciated by a case study on the Ghaemshahr-Iran Distribution network. Measurement is done on the city network by power analyzer CA8310. All data was collected on Computer. Then researcher algorithm BBO, it is selected the best place and size for Active power filter. The results show a good performance.
PURIFICATION AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF L-ASPARAGINASE ENZYME PRODUCED BY NEWLY ISOLATE BACILLUS SP.
Authors: Jimat Dzun Noraini , Mohamed Intan Baizura Firda , Azmi Azlin Suhaida , Jamal Parveen
Published: October 2018

A newly bacterial producing L-asparaginase was successful isolated from Sungai Klah Hot Spring, Perak, Malaysia and identified as Bacillus sp. It was the best L-asparaginase producer as compared to other isolates. Production of L-asparaginase from the microbial strain was carried out under liquid fermentation. The crude enzyme was then centrifuged and precipitated with ammonium sulfate before further purified with chromatographic method. The ion exchange chromatography HiTrap DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow column followed by separation on Superose 12 gel filtration were used to obtain pure enzyme. The purified enzyme showed 10.11 U/mg of specific activity, 50.07% yield with 2.21 fold purification. The purified enzyme was found to be dimer in form, with a molecular weight of 65 kDa as estimated by SDS-PAGE. The maximum activity of the purified L-asparaginase was observed at pH 9 and temperature of 60Â°C.
RPL LOAD BALANCING IN INTERNET OF THINGS
Authors: Parsaei Mohammad Reza , Parnian Ahmad Reza , Miri Rostami Samaneh , Javidan Reza
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT:Â  The wide address space provided by Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) lets any thing to be identified uniquely. consistency of the modified version of IPv6 protocol stack with smart objects, facilitated the Internet interconnection of the networks of smart objects and introduced Internet of things. A smart object is a small micro-electronic device that consists of a communication device, a small microprocessor and a sensor or an actuator. A network made of such devices is called low-power and lossy network. RPL routing protocol that is consistent to IPv6, is designed to be used in these kinds of networks. Load balancing is not considered in the RPL design process. Whenever RPL is used in large scale low-power and lossy networks some nodes will suffer from congestion and this problem severely degrades network performance. In this paper, we consider solutions provided to tackle RPL load balancing problems. Load balancing algorithms and protoclos are evaluated through simulation. We evaluate IETF RPL implementation and LB-RPL method with Contiki OS Java (COOJA) simulator. They are assessed comprehensively through metrics such as Packet delivery Ratio, Average End to End delay, and Gateway Throughput. LB-RPL improves RPL in terms of Packet delivery Ratio and throughput but increases Average End to End delay. Simulations results show that RPL load balancing needs extensive works to be performed yet.
DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR FOR USE IN HYDRODYNAMIC RENEWABLE ENERGY BY APPLYING ACO AND FEA
Authors: Nikbakhsh Amir , Izadfar Hamidreza , Alinejad Beromi Yousef
Published: October 2018

One of the most important ways to reduce fossil fuel consumption and consequently reduce greenhouse gases and environmental pollution is the use of renewable energies such as water, sun, wind, etc. One of the most efficient ways to take advantages of the shallow flowing waters such as rivers and fountains in electrical power generation is the use of hydrodynamic screw in the direction of water flow. The design of the generator for this application results in environmental dangers decrease. On the other hand, it provides some part of electrical energy required for human beings. Generators in hydrodynamic renewable energy system ought to have features such as high efficiency, power density and reliability as well as low volume. Among various generators, the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) meets these requirements very well. In this paper, first, analytical calculations and the design process of PMSG were explained. Then, the ant colony optimization (ACO) was used for the optimization of design quantities. PMSG design optimization increased in efficiency and decreased in volume. By improving these two parameters in the designed PMSG, it gets very suitable to be used in hydrodynamic renewable energy system. Finally, the results of the optimized design of PMSG were validated through simulation of it in Maxwell software and applying finite element analysis (FEA). Also the final results have been compared to similar experimental researches results.
THE PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF MODERN BIOENGINEERING
Authors: Shogar Ibrahim A.
Published: October 2018

This paper investigates the philosophical foundations of modern bioengineering to articulate its ethical framework. Engineering as an ultimate mechanism to transform knowledge into practice is essential for both physical and biological sciences. It reduces data, concepts, and designs to pictorial forms. The integration of engineering with the newly emerging biosciences, has presented a unique opportunity to overcome the major challenges that face the environmental and human health. To harness potentials of bioengineering and establish a sustainable foundation for green technology, modern scientists and engineers need to be acquainted with the normative questions of science. In addition to acquiring the general principles of scientific research and identifying the intrinsic goals of the endeavour, philosophy of bioengineering exposes bioengineers to both the descriptive â€˜howâ€™ questions of the physical world as well as the normative â€˜whyâ€™ questions of values. Such an interdisciplinary approach is significant, not only for inspiring to acquire the genuine knowledge of the existing world, but also to expose the bioengineers to their ethical and social responsibilities. Besides introducing the conceptual framework of bioengineering, this paper has investigated the three major philosophies that have been dominating the theoretical presuppositions of scientific research method in history. Namely, (i) Systems biology approach; (ii) Evolutionary biology approach; and (iii) Mechanical view approach. To establish the ethical foundation of modern bioengineering, the paper, also has conducted an analytical study on various branches of the emerging discipline of bioscience.The paper has concluded that adopting the interdisciplinary approach in research and education is essential to harness potentials of bioengineering and to establish foundations of green technology. To achieve the final objectives of bioengineering, both the practical and theoretical knowledge of values must be acquired. The former is essential for invention and innovation; meanwhile the later exposes bioengineers to the integrated discipline of knowledge and values.Â
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PULSED MICROWAVE AND HYDRODISTILLATION EXTRACTION OF PIPERINE OIL FROM BLACK PEPPER
Authors: OLALERE OLUSEGUN ABAYOMI
Published: October 2018

Black pepper is a tropical crop with an extensive medicinal potential in alternative medicine and nutraceutical applications. The pungent bioactive piperine is responsible for this functions and its efficacy requires an efficient extraction technologies for optimal isolation. There is therefore a need to determine the best factor settings that will optimize the relative efficiency of the extraction system with minimal variability. The best factor settings was achieved using the L9 Taguchi parametric orthogonal design. The extraction parameters considered under this study were extraction time, irradiation power level, particle size and molar ratio. An optimal extraction condition was therefore achieved at 90 min extraction time, 350 W microwave power, 0.105 mm particle size and 10 mL/g molar ratio. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) otherwise known as response optimizer is an ideal metric in the determination of this optimum condition. The performance evaluation of reflux microwave extractor in relation to that of the hydrodistillation system placed the optimal efficiency and signal-to-noise ratio at 155.72% and 43.8469, respectively. The higher optimal efficiency obtained indicated that the microwave reflux extraction is better and more efficient than the conventional hydrodistillation techniques.
FIXED-BED ADSORPTION OF AQUEOUS VANILLIN ONTO RESIN H103
Authors: Abu Samah Rozaimi
Published: October 2018

The main objective of this work was to design and model fixed bed adsorption column for the adsorption of vanillin from aqueous solution. Three parameters were evaluated for identifying the performance of vanillin adsorption in fixed-bed mode, which were bed height, vanillin initial concentration, and feed flow rate. The maximum adsorption capacity was increased more than threefold to 314.96 mg vanillin/g resin when the bed height was increased from 5 cm to 15 cm. Bohart-Adams model and Belter equation were used for designing fixed-bed column and predicting the performance of the adsorption process. A high value of determination coefficient (R2) of 0.9672 was obtained for the modelling of vanillin adsorption onto resin H103.
Rational Cubics and Conics Representation: A Practical Approach
Authors: Sarfraz M. , Habib Z.
Published: October 2018

A rational cubic spline, with one family of shape parameters, has been discussed with the view to its application in Computer Graphics. It incorporates both conic sections and parametric cubic curves as special cases. The parameters (weights), in the description of the spline curve can be used to modify the shape of the curve, locally and globally, at the knot intervals. The rational cubic spline attains parametric   smoothness whereas the stitching of the conic segments preserves visually reasonable smoothness at the neighboring knots. The curve scheme is interpolatory and can plot parabolic, hyperbolic, elliptic, and circular splines independently as well as bits and pieces of a rational cubic spline.Key Words: Computer Graphics, Interpolation, Spline, Conic, Rational Cubic
Review on Development of Ceramic Membrane From Sol-Gel Route: Parameters Affecting Characteristics of the Membrane
Authors: H. Mukhtar M. R. Othman and
Published: October 2018

The importance of laboratory scale ceramic membrane preparation using sol-gel technique with pore sizes in the range of 1-10nm is reviewed. Parameters affecting the characteristics of membrane during membrane development are highlighted and discussed in detail. Experimental results from literatures have shown that the correct amount of acid, water, PVA, appropriate membrane thickness, proper control of drying rate, and appropriate temperature profile selection during sintering process are necessary in order to acquire sufficient strength and reduce the formation of crack in the membrane. The different temperature setting during sintering process also influences the size of pore formed.Key Words: Sol-Gel, Inorganic Membrane, Ceramic Membrane, Gas Permeation, Sintering, Sol Properties, Membrane Morphologies, Pore Size Distribution.
Performance Enhancement in L-Band Edfa Through Dual Stage Technique
Authors: H. Ahmad S. W. Harun and
Published: October 2018

An experiment on gain enhancement in the long wavelength band erbium doped fiber amplifier (L-band EDFA) is demonstrated. It uses a dual stage technique with dual forward pumping scheme. Compared to a conventional single stage amplifier, the small signal gain for 1580nm signal can be improved by 5.5dB without paying much noise figure penalty. The corresponding noise figure penalty was 0.3dB due to the insertion loss of the optical isolator. The optimum pump power ratio for the first pump is experimentally determined to be 33%. The maximum gain improvement of 8.3dB was obtained at a signal wavelength of 1568nm while signal and total pump powers were fixed at -30dBm and 92mW, respectively. The employment of dual stage amplifier system seems to play an important role in the development of practical L-band EDFA from the perspective of economical usage of pump power.Key Words:  erbium doped fibre; optical amplifier; L-band EDFA; dual stage EDFA; amplified spontaneous emission
Antnet: A Robust Routing Algorithm for Data Networks
Authors: Ahmad Faris Ismail, Lai W.K. Shariq Haseeb Khairul Azami Sidek , Mei Aw Yit
Published: October 2018

Successful implementation and operation of a network largely depends on the routing algorithm in use. To date, several routing algorithms are in use but the problem with these algorithms is that they are either not adaptive or not robust enough, thus limiting the proper use of bandwidth.  AntNet is an innovative algorithm that may be used for data networks. It is a combination of both static and dynamic routing algorithms. In this algorithm, a group of mobile agents (compared to real ants) form paths between source and destination nodes. They explore the network continuously and exchange obtained information indirectly, in order to update the routing tables at different nodes. Our version of AntNet (hereinafter referred to as AntNet2.0) has been improved to overcome the problems with other algorithms. This paper compares the performance of AntNet2.0 against two other commercially popular algorithms, viz. link state routing algorithm and distant vector routing algorithm. The performance matrix used to compare the algorithms is based on average throughput, packet loss, packet drop and end-to-end delay. Convergence time for this algorithm on a nation-wide telecommunications network will also be discussed. Conclusions and areas of further work will also be presented in lucid manner, so that it may be transformed into real practice in the future.Key Words: mobile agents, swarm intelligence, networks and constant bit rate
The Effect of Catalyst Support on the Decomposition of Methane to Hydrogen and Carbon
Authors: Abdul Rahman Mohamed Sharif Hussein Sharif Zein
Published: October 2018

Decomposition of methane into carbon and hydrogen over Cu/Ni supported catalysts was investigated. The catalytic activities and the lifetimes of the catalysts were studied. Cu/Ni supported on TiO2 showed high activity and long lifetime for the reaction. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies revealed the relationship between the catalyst activity and the formation of the filamentous carbon over the catalyst after methane decomposition. While different types of filamentous carbon formed on the various Cu/Ni supported catalysts, an attractive carbon nanotubes was observed in the Cu/Ni supported on TiO2. Key Words:  Methane decomposition, carbon nanotube, Cu/Ni supported catalysts.
Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier Performance using Different Host Materials in the Band 1450-1650 Nm: A Comparative Study
Authors: M. Zakaryia Yahya , H. Aly Moustafa , Ahmed E. El-Samahy Osama Mahran and
Published: October 2018

A numerical investigation of the performance characteristics of erbium doped fiber amplifier using different host materials is presented. The emission and absorption curves of each of these hosts are fitted to Guassian fitting parameters. A software program is then implemented to calculate the gain coefficient, gain spectrum and the equivalent input noise factors in forward and reverse directions. The hosts under consideration are: almino-germanosilicate, bismuth, LiNbO3, tellurite, sodium niobium phosphate, oxyfluoride silicate, Al2O3 and fluoride phosphate glasses. The corresponding gain covers the 1450-1650 nm wavelength range.
Isolation and Purification of Jacalin from Artocarpus Heterophyllus Lam
Authors: Othman M.R. , Min L.M. , Fernando W.J.N.
Published: October 2018

This paper presents investigation results of saturation conditions needed for purification of jacalin lectin from the extract seeds of Artocarpus heterophyllus by ammonium precipitation and affinity chromatography on Galactose-Affi gel Hz. Three different aspects of parameters encompassing the percentage of saturation of ammonium sulfate precipitation, the presence of ammonium sulfate on Lowry method and the suitable galactose concentration for optimum elution of the protein from Galactose-Affi gel Hz were investigated. With three different sets of fractional saturation of jacalin purification using ammonium sulfate precipitation, the maximum yield of 0.463 g/g was achieved at 0-90% saturation range in the absence of dialysis. Maximum yield of 0.425 g/g was obtained at 30-60% and 0-90% saturation range in the presence of dialysis. The result from this work also indicates that excessive quantity of NH4SO4 interferes with Lowry method for protein determination substantially. The 0-90% saturation range was found to be more potentially appropriate for large scale application than 30-60% saturation, since the former involves only 1 step NH4SO4 addition. From the affinity chromatography, elution of 0.2 M galactose (in 0.15 M NaCl) from Galactose-Affi gel Hz produced the maximum peak profile and jacalin concentration. A reduction or increase in galactose concentration of more than 0.2 M did not increase concentration of purified jacalin purified using this method.
A STUDY OF COMPARTMENT FIRE UNDER FORCED VENTILATION: EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS MODELING
Authors: Abu Bakar M.Z. , Wu Y.
Published: October 2018

This paper discusses on the dynamic behavior of the flame and smoke inside a compartment fire. The compartment can be referred to a room, road tunnel, duct, compartment or a building. A series of small scales experiments were carried on four rectangular ducts that have the same height (250 mm) but different widths (125 mm, 250 mm, 500 mm and 1000 mm). Fire simulations on the same compartments were performed to investigate the effectiveness of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in predicting fire phenomenon. CFD was found capable to predict fire phenomenon such as flame shape, flame height and flame tilt angle similar to the experiment.
COMPENSATED INVERSE PID CONTROLLER FOR ACTIVE VIBRATION CONTROL WITH PIEZOELECTRIC PATCHES: MODELING, SIMULATION AND IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Gani Asan , Salami M.J.E , Khan M.D Raisuddin
Published: October 2018

Active vibration control of the first three modes of a vibrating cantilever beam using collocated piezoelectric sensor and actuator is examined in this paper. To achieve this, a model based on Euler-Bernoulli beam equation is adopted and extended to the case of three bonded piezoelectric patches that act as sensor, actuator and exciter respectively. A compensated inverse PID controller has been designed and developed to damp first three modes of vibration. Controllers have been designed for each mode and these are later combined in parallel to damp any of the three modes. Individual controller gives better reduction in sensor output for the second and third modes while the combined controller performs better for the first mode. Simulation studies are carried out using MATLAB. These results are compared and verified experimentally and the real-time implementation is carried out with xPC-target toolbox in MATLAB
DURABILITY AND TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THERMALLY SPRAYED WC CERMET COATING IN LUBRICATED ROLLING WITH SLIDING CONTACT
Authors: Ali Mohammad , Nuruzzaman Dewan , Akira Nakajima , Mawatari Toshifumi
Published: October 2018

Durability and tribological properties of thermally sprayed WC-Cr-Ni cermet coating were investigated experimentally in lubricated rolling with sliding contact conditions. By means of the high energy type flame spraying (Hi-HVOF) method, the coating was formed onto the axially ground and circumferentially ground roller specimens made of a thermally refined carbon steel. In the experiments, the WC cermet coated steel roller was mated with the carburized hardened steel roller without coating in line contact condition. The coated roller was mated with the smooth non-coated roller under a contact pressure of 1.0 or 1.2 GPa, and it was mated with the rough non-coated roller under a contact pressure of 0.6 or 0.8 GPa. As a result, it was found that in general, the coating on the circumferentially ground substrate shows a lower durability compared with that on the axially ground substrate and this difference appears more distinctly for the higher contact pressure for both smooth mating surface and rough mating surface. It was also found that there are significant differences in the tribological properties of WC cermet coating depending on the contact pressure. In addition, depending on the smooth or rough mating surface, remarkable differences in the tribological properties were found.
SPOT WELDING COPPERâ€“1%Cr ELECTRODE TIPS PRODUCED VIA EQUAL CHANNEL ANGULAR PRESSING
Authors: Hussain Luay Bakir , Aljubori Ali Abadi , M Gebril Mohamad , Sharif NUrulakmal Mohammed
Published: October 2018

A sharp 120o Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) following rout Bc was applied at room temperature to refine the grains sizes of pure copper and copper-1%Chromium alloy for spot welding electrode tips application. Initially deformation behavior was investigated with the position using colorful plasticine as work piece followed by copper alloy. It was found the deformation at the central part of the work piece is heavily sheared than the outer part. Optical and Scanning electron microscopy were used to study the progress of grain refining under the influence of rotation and number of passes during pressing. The influnece of elongated fibrous nano graines on electrical conductivity and hardness were discussed. Shear test of spot welded 303 stainless steel indicated that nano structural Cu-1%Cr electrode tips used showed a superior results compared to commercial electrodes
Pressupostos e derivações didáticas da psicologia genético-dialética de Henri Wallon
Authors: Baratella Ricardo , Rodrigues Adriana
Published: October 2018

O presente trabalho objetiva apresentar reflexões preliminares acerca da teoria psicogenética walloniana, focalizando o desenvolvimento da pessoa completa e suas contribuições didáticas. Tomam-se, como referencial, as proposições de Henri Wallon em seu método concreto-multidimensional, ancorado epistemologicamente na filosofia marxista e, mais especificamente, no materialismo dialético. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa de cunho conceitual bibliográfico, na qual foi possível compreender a constituição do sujeito e seus desdobramentos em singularidades afetivas, cognitivas e motoras. Conclui-se que a teoria walloniana oferece fundamentos psicológicos importantes para substanciar as práticas pedagógicas e a organização do ensino-aprendizagem com vistas a proporcionar o desenvolvimento do aluno. Em suas ideias pedagógicas, Wallon sugere que a escola reflita acerca de suas dimensões sócio-políticas e aproprie-se de sua ação no movimento de transformação da sociedade
Formação continuada: um mapeamento dos programas oferecidos aos professores dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental
Authors: Silva Roberta Miranda , Borges Maria Célia
Published: October 2018

O artigo, recorte da dissertação de mestrado na UFU, propõe expor sobre as principais políticas educacionais de formação continuada oferecidas aos docentes dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental no Brasil desde o início do século XXI. Tem como objetivo descrever as propostas dos principais programas de formação continuada implantados pelo Governo Federal a partir do ano de 2002, buscando compreender os resultados que elas refletem e no que contribuem para o perfil docente. A proposta é mapear os objetivos desses programas e suas ações para a formação continuada desses professores, além de ressaltar a busca contínua pelo desenvolvimento do ensino público no País. É importante destacar também o valor das ações políticas que contribuem para o desenvolvimento e a formação do professor, além de priorizar a capacitação docente.
Editorial
Authors: Loughrey Bryan , Holderness Graham
Published: October 2018

In October 2016, to mark the 400th anniversary of Shakespeare’s death, the Department of Philology, Literature, Linguistics of the University of Pisa organized a conference on the topic of ‘Shakespeare and Money’. This issue of Critical Survey publishes some of the keynote papers from that conference.
Offshore Desires
Authors: Homem Rui Carvalho
Published: October 2018

This article probes the ability of Shakespearean drama to provide expressive resources for coming to terms (conceptually, discursively) with current crises. These include both the power games of global finance, and those disasters that ostensibly concern other strands of geopolitics. The article focuses on two plays, The Comedy of Errors and Pericles, the actions of which unfold in the eastern Mediterranean – an area of the world associated, in the late modern imagination, either with mobility as pleasure (mass tourism and its apparatus) or mobility as crisis (disputed territories, the plight of displaced populations). It highlights the close bonds between prevalent modes – satire and farce in The Comedy of Errors, romance in Pericles – and the plays’ distinct strategies for representing human mobility: the sense of agency proper to acquisitive urges, the victimhood of forced displacement.
KEBIJAKAN PARKIR KOTA BATAM DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH
Authors: Riyanda Riko , Dompak Timbul
Published: October 2018

The growth rate of motor vehicles in Batam City in recent years runs very rapidly. This levy will increase the original revenue of Batam City, But the implementation of the policy of Bylaw No.1 / 2012 on parking that has been running for three years (2012-2015) does not generate significant revenue on parking charges. The Purpose of this research is how the implementationn of parking management system based on evaluation of the policy of Bylaw No.1 / 2012 on parking Btam City. Data retrieval method is done by observation and documentation. Informant selection technique is done by purposive sampling, technical data analysis is done by data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The result of the research is that the policy of Batam City Government in increasing its achievement PAD not yet optimal, due to some obstacles such as: parking management system is not feasible, there is no public satisfaction survey index to measure the extent to which the achievement of parking policy in Batam City, Human Power that needs coaching and training. Its solution of Batan City government re-filed Ranpeda about parking with the intention of changing parking rates, changing the system of parking management and service facility improvement
Academic freedom: an ultra-modern principle with old roots
Authors: Bennich-Bjorkman Li
Published: October 2018

There is a growing incapacity to understand the major institutional principle that made the research university into such a revolutionary success, firstly in Prussia and in Germany, later in the United States: academic freedom. Far from being a simple formula to be carried out without afterthought, academic freedom is a value, a practical instrument and a legal principle that has to be understood in relation to creativity. In this article, academic freedom and its importance for creativity in research (and teaching) is analyzed from three fundamental vantage points, firstly in terms of what academic freedom is, secondly how it works in practice and thirdly by looking at why academic freedom is so crucial to creativity. It concludes by reflecting on why it is that while the research universities that have worked under the principles of academic freedom have been extremely successful, those who today develop research policies and even university leaders are striving to dismantle the one precondition that makes all the difference, namely academic freedom.