bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Freiheitseinschränkung aus Sicht der Interessenvertretungen von Pflegeheimbewohnerinnen und -bewohnern − eine qualitative Studie
Authors: Nordhausen Thomas , Abraham Jens , Kupfer Ramona , Köpke Sascha , Meyer Gabriele , Möhler Ralph
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Freiheitseinschränkende Maßnahmen werden trotz fehlenden Belegs zum Nutzen und bekannter negativer Konsequenzen regelmäßig in Pflegeheimen eingesetzt. Neben Pflegenden können Angehörige, Betreuer / -innen, Vorsorgebevollmächtigte und Heimbeiräte als Interessenvertretungen der Bewohner / -innen den Einsatz der Maßnahmen beeinflussen. Ziel: Beschreibung der Sichtweise von Interessenvertretungen der Heimbewohner / -innen zur Anwendung und Reduktion von freiheitseinschränkenden Maßnahmen. Methodik: Für die Prozessevaluation einer pragmatischen cluster-randomisierten Studie wurden teilstrukturierte Einzel- (n = 4) und Fokusgruppeninterviews (n = 4) mit 22 Personen (vier Angehörige in der Rolle als Betreuer / -innen oder Vorsorgebevollmächtigte, eine Berufsbetreuerin, 16 Heimbeiräte) geführt und mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse analysiert. Ergebnisse: Fünf Kategorien in Bezug auf freiheitseinschränkende Maßnahmen wurden gebildet: 1. Umgang im Setting Pflegeheim; 2. Bewertung der Anwendung bzw. Reduktion; 3. Information zur Anwendung bzw. Reduktion; 4. Entscheidungen zur Anwendung bzw. Reduktion; 5. Auswirkungen der Anwendung bzw. Reduktion. Interessenvertretungen sehen den Einsatz der Maßnahmen zur Sturzprophylaxe und Kontrolle von herausforderndem Verhalten als notwendig an und haben kaum Wissen zu Alternativen. Schlussfolgerungen: Angehörige, Berufsbetreuer / -innen und Heimbeiräte zeigen eher unkritische Haltungen und haben Informationsdefizite zu freiheitseinschränkenden Maßnahmen. Bei Interventionen zur Reduktion der Maßnahmen in Pflegeheimen könnte die Aufklärung dieser Gruppen unterstützend wirken.
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Avatar Preferences in Online Games
Authors: David Kothgassner Oswald , Plener Paul L. , Sachser Cedric , Witt Andreas , Brähler Elmar , Michael Fegert Jörg
Published: February 2019

Abstract. This study investigates the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), age, and sex with respect to their avatar preference in online games. The analyses comprise a subsample of n = 1817 adolescents and adults from 14 to 60 years within a representative German population-based study. Results indicate that 14 % of this sample uses avatars in online games, with significantly more males (22.6 %) than females (7.7 %) doing so. Persons with multiple ACEs (≥ 4) have a higher OR of 2.05 (95 % CI: 1.418–2.956) to use avatars in online games. Regarding avatar preference, females are more likely to play supporters than males, and males are more likely to choose damagers and mixed-type avatars than females. Participants with an experience of parental divorce during their childhood reported higher preference of playing supporter or mixed-type avatars in comparison with damager avatars. Moreover, participants with mental illness or suicide in the family show a higher preference of mixed-type avatars compared to damager, but not to supporter avatars. Knowledge about the use of avatars can be an interesting source of information for supporting psychotherapeutic treatment in a young age group.
The Role of Talker Familiarity in Auditory	Distraction
Authors: Barker Brittan A. , Elliott Emily M.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The current research employed a classic irrelevant sound effect paradigm and investigated the talker-specific content of the irrelevant speech. Specifically, we aimed to determine if the participants’ familiarity with the irrelevant speech’s talker affected the magnitude of the irrelevant sound effect. Experiment 1 was an exploration of talker familiarity established in a natural listening environment (i.e., a university classroom) in which we manipulated the participants’ relationships with the talker. In Experiment 2, we manipulated the participants’ familiarity with the talker via 4 days of controlled exposure to the target talker’s audio recordings. For both Experiments 1 and 2, a robust effect of irrelevant speech was found; however, regardless of the talker manipulation, talker familiarity did not influence the size of the effect. We interpreted the results within the processing view of the auditory distraction effect and highlighted the notion that talker familiarity may be more vulnerable than once thought.
The Effect of a Verbal Concurrent Task on Visual Precision in Working	Memory
Authors: Berry Ed D. J. , Allen Richard J. , Waterman Amanda H. , Logie Robert H.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. By investigating the effect of individualized verbal load on a visual working memory task, we investigated whether working memory is better captured by modality-specific stores or a general attentional resource. A visual measure was used that allows for the precision of representations in working memory to be quantified. Bayesian analyses were employed to contrast the likelihood of our data assuming a small versus a large effect, as predicted by the differing accounts. We found evidence that the effect of verbal load on visual precision and binary feature recall was small. The results were indeterminate for the size of the dual task effect on verbal accuracy and the probability of recalling a continuous target feature. These results, in part, support a multiple component account of working memory. An analysis of how the chosen effect intervals affect the results is also reported, highlighting the importance of making specific predictions in the literature.
Elevated Diapycnal Mixing by a Subthermocline Eddy in the Western Equatorial Pacific
Authors: Zhang Zhiwei , Liu Zhiyu , Richards Kelvin , Shang Gong , Zhao Wei , Tian Jiwei , Huang Xiaodong , Zhou Chun
Published: February 2019

Diapycnal mixing plays an important role in modulating upper‐ocean heat content of the western equatorial Pacific (WEP) that profoundly impacts the global climate. Given the sparsity of long‐term in situ observations, the mechanisms driving thermocline mixing in the WEP remain poorly understood. Here, based on yearlong mooring measurements in the WEP, we first report that the occurrence of shear instability was significantly enhanced by an anticyclonic subthermocline eddy (STE). As a result of strong subinertial velocity shear and weakened stratification associated with the STE, the Richardson number was decreased below 1/4 and the estimated diapycnal diffusivity was increased by 400%. Moreover, contrary to surface‐intensified anticyclonic eddies, the STE appeared to act as a dynamic barrier for downward penetration of wind‐generated near‐inertial energy, which may also fertilize mixing near the upper thermocline. Given the frequent occurrence of STEs, they may play a pivotal role in driving thermocline mixing in the WEP.
The Dominant Role of Extreme Precipitation Events in Antarctic Snowfall Variability
Authors: Turner John , Phillips Tony , Thamban Meloth , Rahaman Waliur , Marshall Gareth J. , Wille Jonathan D. , Favier Vincent , Winton V. Holly L. , Thomas Elizabeth , Wang Zaomin , van den Broeke Michiel , Hosking J. Scott , Lachlan‐Cope Tom
Published: February 2019

Antarctic snowfall consists of frequent clear‐sky precipitation and heavier falls from intrusions of maritime airmasses associated with amplified planetary waves. We investigate the importance of different precipitation events using the output of the RACMO2 model. Extreme precipitation events consisting of the largest 10% of daily totals are shown to contribute more than 40% of the total annual precipitation across much of the continent, with some areas receiving in excess of 60% of the total from these events. The greatest contribution of extreme precipitation events to the annual total is in the coastal areas and especially on the ice shelves, with the Amery Ice Shelf receiving 50% of its annual precipitation in less than the 10 days of heaviest precipitation. For the continent as a whole, 70% of the variance of the annual precipitation is explained by variability in precipitation from extreme precipitation events, with this figure rising to over 90% in some areas.
Reconciling Canopy Interception Parameterization and Rainfall Forcing Frequency in the Community Land Model for Simulating Evapotranspiration of Rainforests and Oil Palm Plantations in Indonesia
Authors: Fan Yuanchao , Meijide Ana , Lawrence David M. , Roupsard Olivier , Carlson Kimberly M. , Chen Hsin‐Yi , Röll Alexander , Niu Furong , Knohl Alexander
Published: February 2019

By mediating evapotranspiration processes, plant canopies play an important role in the terrestrial water cycle and regional climate. Substantial uncertainties exist in modeling canopy water interception and related hydrological processes due to rainfall forcing frequency selection and varying canopy traits. Here we design a new time interpolation method “zero” to better represent convective‐type precipitation in tropical regions. We also implement and recalibrate plant functional type‐specific interception parameters for rainforests and oil palm plantations, where oil palms express higher water interception capacity than forests, using the Community Land Model (CLM) versions 4.5 and 5.0 with CLM‐Palm embedded. Reconciling the interception scheme with realistic precipitation forcing produces more accurate canopy evaporation and transpiration for both plant functional types, which in turn improves simulated evapotranspiration and energy partitioning when benchmarked against observations from our study sites in Indonesia and an extensive literature review. Regional simulations for Sumatra and Kalimantan show that industrial oil palm plantations have 18–27% higher transpiration and 15–20% higher evapotranspiration than forests on an annual regional average basis across different ages or successional stages, even though the forests experience higher average precipitation according to reanalysis data. Our land‐only modeling results indicate that current oil palm plantations in Sumatra and Kalimantan use 15–20% more water (mean 220 mm or 20 Gt) per year compared to lowland rainforests of the same extent. The extra water use by oil palm reduces soil moisture and runoff that could affect ecosystem services such as productivity of staple crops and availability of drinking water in rural areas.
Does Surface Temperature Respond to or Determine Downwelling Longwave Radiation?
Authors: Vargas Zeppetello L. R. , Donohoe A. , Battisti D. S.
Published: February 2019

Downward longwave radiation (DLR) is often assumed to be an independent forcing on the surface energy budget in analyses of Arctic warming and land‐atmosphere interaction. We use radiative kernels to show that the DLR response to forcing is largely determined by surface temperature perturbations. We develop a method by which vertically integrated versions of the radiative kernels are combined with surface temperature and specific humidity to estimate the surface DLR response to greenhouse forcing. Through a decomposition of the DLR response, we estimate that changes in surface temperature produce at least 63% of the clear‐sky DLR response in greenhouse forcing, while the changes associated with clouds account for only 11% of the full‐sky DLR response. Our results suggest that surface DLR is tightly coupled to surface temperature; therefore, it cannot be considered an independent component of the surface energy budget.
Quantifying population-specific growth in benthic bacterial communities under low oxygen using H218O
Authors: Coskun Ömer K , Özen Volkan , Wankel Scott D , Orsi William D
Published: February 2019

The benthos in estuarine environments often experiences periods of regularly occurring hypoxic and anoxic conditions, dramatically impacting biogeochemical cycles. How oxygen depletion affects the growth of specific uncultivated microbial populations within these diverse benthic communities, however, remains poorly understood. Here, we applied H218O quantitative stable isotope probing (qSIP) in order to quantify the growth of diverse, uncultured bacterial populations in response to low oxygen concentrations in estuarine sediments. Over the course of 7- and 28-day incubations with redox conditions spanning from hypoxia to euxinia (sulfidic), 18O labeling of bacterial populations exhibited different patterns consistent with micro-aerophilic, anaerobic, facultative anaerobic, and aerotolerant anaerobic growth. 18O-labeled populations displaying anaerobic growth had a significantly non-random phylogenetic distribution, exhibited by numerous clades currently lacking cultured representatives within the Planctomycetes, Actinobacteria, Latescibacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Acidobacteria. Genes encoding the beta-subunit of the dissimilatory sulfate reductase (dsrB) became 18O labeled only during euxinic conditions. Sequencing of these 18O-labeled dsrB genes showed that Acidobacteria were the dominant group of growing sulfate-reducing bacteria, highlighting their importance for sulfur cycling in estuarine sediments. Our findings provide the first experimental constraints on the redox conditions underlying increased growth in several groups of “microbial dark matter”, validating hypotheses put forth by earlier metagenomic studies.
Targeted Next Generation Sequencing to study insert stability in genetically modified plants
Authors: Boutigny Anne-Laure , Barranger Audrey , De Boisséson Claire , Blanchard Yannick , Rolland Mathieu
Published: February 2019

The EU directive 2001/18/EC requires any genetically modified (GM) event to be stable. In the present work, a targeted Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) approach using barcodes to specifically tag each individual DNA molecules during library preparation was implemented to detect mutations taking into account the background noise due to amplification and sequencing errors. The method was first showed to be efficient in detecting the mutations in synthetic samples prepared with custom-synthesized mutated or non-mutated P35S sequences mixed in different proportions. The genetic stability of a portion of the P35S promoter targeted for GM detection was then analyzed in GM flour samples. Several low frequency mutations were detected in the P35S sequences. Some mutated nucleotides were located within the primers and probes used in the P35S diagnostic test. If present not as somatic mutations but as the consensus sequence of some individuals, these mutations could influence the efficiency of the P35S real time PCR diagnostic test. This methodology could be implemented in genetic stability studies of GM inserts but also to detect single nucleotide mutant GM plants produced using “new breeding techniques”.
Multiyear microgrid data from a research building in Tsukuba, Japan
Authors: Vink Karina , Ankyu Eriko , Koyama Michihisa
Published: February 2019

Microgrids comprising renewable energy technologies are often modelled and optimised from a theoretical point of view. Verification of theoretical systems with data of actually implemented systems in the field rarely occurs in an open manner, especially on the intermediate scale of research buildings. To enable modelling of the actual microgrid performance of a research environment, we present a multiyear dataset of a microgrid with solar arrays and a battery. The main energy datasets comprise data per second supplemented by hourly solar irradiation data. These may be combined with data concerning the hourly electricity prices from the main grid and the low-electricity-price periods of national holidays. The level of detail of the data per second in combination with the hourly data in these datasets allows for a comparison to the efficiency and weather-parameter correlation of other renewable energy technologies, as well as forecasting future energy generation and consumption.
Efficient synthesis of carbon-11 labelled acylsulfonamides using [11C]CO carbonylation chemistry
Authors: van der Wildt Berend , Shen Bin , Chin Frederick T.
Published: February 2019

Herein, a novel method for carbon-11 labeling of acyl sulfonamides by a one-step insertive [11C]CO carbonylative cross-coupling reaction between aryl halides and sulfonamides is presented.
Room temperature hysteretic spin crossover in a new cyanoheterometallic framework
Authors: Hiiuk Volodymyr M. , Shova Sergiu , Rotaru Aurelian , Ksenofontov Vadim , Fritsky Igor O. , Gural'skiy Il'ya A.
Published: February 2019

A new iron(ii)-based spin-crossover compound with thermal hysteresis operating under ambient conditions is reported.
Selective synthesis of benzoquinones over Cu(ii)-containing propylsalicylaldimine functionalized mesoporous solid catalysts
Authors: Selvaraj Manickam , Assiri Mohammed A.
Published: February 2019

An eco-friendly and highly active mesoporous CSASBA-15(0.2) has unprecedented catalytic activity, among other CSA functionalized solid catalysts, for the selective synthesis of benzoquinones with 98–100% selectivity.
Modulation of the magnetic anisotropy of octahedral cobalt(ii) single-ion magnets by fine-tuning the axial coordination microenvironment
Authors: Wu Yuewei , Tian Danian , Ferrando-Soria Jesús , Cano Joan , Yin Lei , Ouyang Zhongwen , Wang Zhenxing , Luo Shuchang , Liu Xiangyu , Pardo Emilio
Published: February 2019

The alteration of the axial N-donor ligands leads to two octahedral Co(ii) SIMs with varying easy-plane magnetic anisotropies and dynamic magnetic behaviors.
A superstable 3p-block metal–organic framework platform towards prominent CO2 and C1/C2-hydrocarbon uptake and separation performance and strong Lewis acid catalysis for CO2 fixation
Authors: Zhang Jian-Wei , Ji Wen-Juan , Hu Man-Cheng , Li Shu-Ni , Jiang Yu-Cheng , Zhang Xian-Ming , Qu Peng , Zhai Quan-Guo
Published: February 2019

Superstable 3p-block MOF platforms exhibit excellent gas uptake and separation performance, and prominent Lewis acid catalysis for CO2 fixation.
Pseudo-allergic reaction caused by Qingkailing injection partially via the PI3K-Rac1 signaling pathway in RBL-2H3 cells
Authors: Li Qin , Zhang Lingxi , Gu Lili , Zhang Bo , Lu Jiaqi , Zhang Xinyue
Published: February 2019

Qingkailing injection (QKLI) is a kind of multi-component traditional Chinese medicine injection.
Reversible photoresponsive activity of a carbonic anhydrase mimic
Authors: Saha Monochura , Bandyopadhyay Subhajit
Published: February 2019

Carbonic anhydrase activity of an enzyme mimic can be turned off and on reversibly with light.
Target-assisted self-cleavage DNAzyme probes for multicolor simultaneous imaging of tumor-related microRNAs with signal amplification
Authors: Wan Yuan-Hui , Zhou Yu-Jie , Xiao Ke-Jing , Nie Cun-Peng , Zhang Juan , Liu Chang , Chen Ting-Ting , Chu Xia
Published: February 2019

A novel and highly selective signal amplification strategy was developed based on target-assisted self-cleavage DNAzyme probes for imaging of miRNA-222 and miRNA-223.
Revealing the structural transformation of rutile RuO2via in situX-ray absorption spectroscopy during the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Chang Chia-Jui , Chu You-Chiuan , Yan Hao-Yu , Liao Yen-Fa , Chen Hao Ming
Published: February 2019

The state-of-art RuO2catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is measured by usingin situX-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to elucidate the structural transformation during catalyzing the reaction in acidic and alkaline conditions.
Editorial Perspectives: using bacteria in rubber ducks to improve scientific literacy, advance citizen science, and expand fundamental science
Authors: Hammes Frederik
Published: February 2019

Frederik Hammes discusses microbial ecology of the built environment in the second of a series of ‘Editorial Perspectives’ for Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology.
Inertial focusing with sub-micron resolution for separation of bacteria
Authors: Cruz Javier , Graells Tiscar , Walldén Mats , Hjort Klas
Published: February 2019

Inertial focusing in curved channels is demonstrated for particles between 0.5 and 2.0 μm in diameter; a range of biological relevance since it comprises a multitude of bacteria and organelles of eukaryotic cells.
Synthesis and characterisation of palladium(ii) complexes with hybrid phosphinoferrocene ligands bearing additional O-donor substituents
Authors: Vosáhlo Petr , Schulz Jiří , Škoch Karel , Císařová Ivana , Štěpnička Petr
Published: February 2019

Coordination of phosphinoferrocene ligands with O-donor substituents to Pd(ii) is affected by the nature of the oxygen functions and may results in hemilabile species.
Temperature-controlled helical inversion of asymmetric triphenylamine-based supramolecular polymers; difference of handedness at the micro- and macroscopic levels
Authors: Go Misun , Choi Heekyoung , Kim Ka Young , Moon Cheol Joo , Choi Yeonweon , Miyake Hiroyuki , Lee Shim Sung , Jung Sung Ho , Choi Myong Yong , Jung Jong Hwa
Published: February 2019

The M-helicity of asymmetric N-triphenylamine-based supramolecular polymers was inverted to the P-helicity during heating.
Structure of SPH (self-incompatibility protein homologue) proteins: a widespread family of small, highly stable, secreted proteins
Authors: Rajasekar Karthik V. , Ji Shuangxi , Coulthard Rachel J. , Ride Jon P. , Reynolds Gillian L. , Winn Peter J. , Wheeler Michael J. , Hyde Eva I. , Smith Lorna J.
Published: February 2019

SPH (self-incompatibility protein homologue) proteins are a large family of small, disulfide-bonded, secreted proteins, initially found in the self-incompatibility response in the field poppy (Papaver rhoeas), but now known to be widely distributed in plants, many containing multiple members of this protein family. Using the Origami strain of Escherichia coli, we expressed one member of this family, SPH15 from Arabidopsis thaliana, as a folded thioredoxin fusion protein and purified it from the cytosol. The fusion protein was cleaved and characterised by analytical ultracentrifugation, circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This showed that SPH15 is monomeric and temperature stable, with a β-sandwich structure. The four strands in each sheet have the same topology as the unrelated proteins: human transthyretin, bacterial TssJ and pneumolysin, with no discernible sequence similarity. The NMR-derived structure was compared with a de novo model, made using a new deep learning algorithm based on co-evolution/correlated mutations, DeepCDPred, validating the method. The DeepCDPred de novo method and homology modelling to SPH15 were then both used to derive models of the 3D structure of the three known PrsS proteins from P. rhoeas, which have only 15–18% sequence homology to SPH15. The DeepCDPred method gave models with lower discreet optimised protein energy scores than the homology models. Three loops at one end of the poppy structures are postulated to interact with their respective pollen receptors to instigate programmed cell death in pollen tubes.
The selective HDAC6 inhibitor Nexturastat A induces apoptosis, overcomes drug resistance and inhibits tumor growth in multiple myeloma
Authors: Sun Xiaoyang , Xie Yu , Sun Xiaoshen , Yao Yao , Li Hujun , Li Zhenyu , Yao Ruosi , Xu Kailin
Published: February 2019

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy of plasma cells that produce a monoclonal immunoglobulin protein. Despite significant advances in the treatment of MM, challenges such as resistance to therapy remain. Currently, inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) is emerging as a potential method for treating cancers. Numerous HDAC inhibitors are being studied for the use in monotherapy or in conjunction with other agents for MM. In the present study, we investigated the anti-myeloma effect of Nexturastat A (NexA), a novel selective HDAC6 inhibitor. We found that NexA impaired MM cells viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. NexA also provoked a cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase in MM cells. Furthermore, NexA promoted apoptosis of MM cells via transcriptional activation of the p21 promoter, which may through its ability to up-regulate the H3Ac and H4Ac levels. Additionally, NexA could overcome bortezomib (BTZ) resistance in MM cells, and NexA in combination with BTZ had stronger efficacy. We also confirmed that NexA inhibited tumor growth in murine xenograft models of MM. These interesting findings provided the rationale for the future advancement of this novel HDAC6 inhibitor as a potential therapeutic anti-myeloma agent.
Antibiotic resistance in grass and soil
Authors: Tyrrell Ciara , Burgess Catherine M. , Brennan Fiona P. , Walsh Fiona
Published: February 2019

Antibiotic resistance is currently one of the greatest threats to human health. The global overuse of antibiotics in human medicine and in agriculture has resulted in the proliferation and dissemination of a multitude of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Despite a large proportion of antibiotics being used in agriculture, little is understood about how this may contribute to the overall antibiotic resistance crisis. The use of manure in agriculture is a traditional and widespread practice and is essential for returning nutrients to the soil; however, the impact of continuous manure application on the environmental microbiome and resistome is unknown. The use of antibiotics in animal husbandry in therapeutic and sub-therapeutic doses creates a selective pressure for ARGs in the gut microbiome of the animal, which is then excreted in the faeces. Therefore, the application of manure to agricultural land is a potential route for the transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from livestock to crops, animals and humans. It is of vital importance to understand the mechanisms behind ARG enrichment and its maintenance both on the plant and within the soil microbiome to mitigate the spread of this resistance to animals and humans. Understanding this link between human health, animal health, plant health and the environment is crucial to inform implementation of new regulations and practice regarding antibiotic use in agriculture and manure application, aimed at ensuring the antibiotic resistance crisis is not aggravated.
Detection of Airway Invasion During Flexible Endoscopic Evaluations of Swallowing: Comparing Barium, Blue Dye, and Green Dye
Authors: Curtis James , Perry Sarah , Troche Michelle S.
Published: February 2019

Purpose

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of barium, blue dye, and green dye on the frequency and reliability of detecting airway invasion (penetration and aspiration) seen during flexible endoscopic evaluations of swallowing (FEES).

Method

Thirty patients with neurodegenerative disease and suspected dysphagia underwent an FEES. Patients were presented with 10-cc boluses of water colored with blue dye, green dye, and barium, within the same examination, in a randomized order. Airway protection outcomes were blindly analyzed by a panel of expert raters. Outcomes included the presence of residue on airway structures (epiglottis, laryngeal vestibule, vocal folds, subglottis) and abnormal Penetration–Aspiration Scale (PAS;
Rosenbek, Robbins, Roecker, Coyle, & Wood, 1996
) scores (PAS ≥ 3). Statistical analyses were performed to determine group differences in the frequency of airway residue and abnormal PAS scores, as well as reliability.

Results

Airway residue was observed most frequently with barium when compared to blue dye (
p
< .05) or green dye (
p
< .05). Abnormal PAS scores were also observed most frequently with barium when compared to blue dye (
p
< .0005) and green dye (
p
< .0005). There were no significant differences in the observed frequency of airway residue nor abnormal PAS scores when comparing blue and green dye (
p
> .05). Intrapanel reliability scores for airway residue and PAS scores, respectively, were very good (
k
= .83) and good (
k
= .67) for barium, very good (
k
= 1.00) and moderate (
k
= .50) for green dye, and moderate (
k
= .47) and fair (
k
= .33) for blue dye.

Conclusion

Airway invasion was detected significantly more frequently and with greater reliability with barium when compared to blue and green dye. Given these findings, standardized use of barium is recommended at some point during FEES, especially when attempting to detect subtle signs of airway invasion.
Compressed downlink channel acquisition based on burst support information in large‐scale MIMO systems
Authors: Azizipour M. J. , Mohamed‐Pour K.
Published: February 2019

In this Letter, a compressed channel estimation approach referred to as burst weighted ‐minimisation is proposed to alleviate the overwhelming pilot overhead in the downlink path of frequency division duplex (FDD) massive MIMO systems. The proposed approach exploits the burst‐sparse property of channel as the prior support information (PSI) and sets adaptive weights for the channel coefficients according to the accuracy of PSI values. Furthermore, a novel greedy algorithm is elaborated, which extracts PSI from the massive MIMO channel. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms other solutions in terms of the channel state information (CSI) estimation error.
Space‐variant RCMC method for squint beam‐steering SAR imaging on high‐speed manoeuvring platforms
Authors: Bie Bowen , Sun Guang‐Cai , Xing Mengdao
Published: February 2019

The focusing of squint beam‐steering synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data is a challenging task for the technical difficulty of space‐variant range cell migration correction (RCMC). It is more complicated when considering the manoeuver of high‐speed platforms. The conventional Doppler domain RCMC method is with low performance and requires a large amount of zero‐padding. This Letter proposes a modified RCMC method which removes the space‐variant range cell migration (RCM) components by deramp‐keystone transform and then compensates the unified RCM terms in the time domain. Compared with the conventional method, the proposed one is with high performance and can avoid zero‐padding. This method is validated by the simulated SAR data.
Single‐image super‐resolution using online kernel adaptive filters
Authors: Anver Jesna , Parambil Abdulla
Published: February 2019

The online kernel adaptive filters are non‐linear filters which provide impulse response and are more efficient compared to other kernel algorithms. The performance of kernel adaptive filters depends on dictionary size. Here the single‐image super‐resolution using online kernel adaptive filters is a learning‐based method. The algorithm generates a sparser solution for obtaining high‐resolution image from a low‐resolution image. It finds out a dictionary with most significant set of basis vectors using the spatial similarity among the dictionaries created from the low‐resolution and high‐resolution image patches in the training set. The dictionary is utilised to generate the high‐resolution image. The algorithm is analysed on three different kernel adaptive filters, extended kernel recursive least squares, kernel recursive least squares tracker and naive online regularised risk minimisation algorithm. The performance of the super‐resolution method is evaluated on a large number of images and is compared with the state‐of‐the art non‐linear solutions to the super‐resolution. The results show a better progress in peak signal‐to‐noise ratio up to 1.2 dB.
Fast and efficient contrast‐enhanced super‐resolution without real‐world data using concatenated recursive compressor–decompressor network
Authors: Choi Jun‐Myung , Kang Dong‐Joong
Published: February 2019

The authors propose a novel model called concatenated recursive compressor–decompressor network (CRCDNet) for contrast‐enhanced super‐resolution. The characteristics of authors’ model can be summarised as follows. First, a compression–decompression process reduces the computational complexity compared with the general fully convolutional model. Second, an internal/external skip‐connection is used to preserve information of the preceding layers. Finally, by employing a recursive module, authors’ model has a small number of parameters, yet is a deep and robust network. The authors apply authors’ proposed network to license plate images. As a real application, license plates can provide important evidence for investigation of crimes and for security, but it is very difficult to collect the vast amounts of license plates required for analysis based on a data‐driven approach. To solve this problem, the authors generated virtual datasets to train authors’ model, while analysing the performance with real license plate datasets. Authors’ method achieves better performance than the state‐of‐the‐art models on license plate images.
Mobile terminal gesture recognition based on improved FAST corner detection
Authors: Jian Chengfeng , Xiang Xiaoyu , Zhang Meiyu
Published: February 2019

Mobile terminal gesture recognition is an extreme challenge, not only because its limited computing resource make it complicated to identify feature points but also the complex background can easily affect the recognition result. This study proposes a gesture recognition method based on improved features from accelerated segment test (FAST) corner detection. First, in order to eliminate the effects of complex background and light, the intersection of the two frame images is obtained through background subtraction and the multi‐colour space to realise the detection of the hand. Second, in order to improve the performance of the algorithm, an improved FAST corner detection method combined with the back propagation neural network (BPNN) is proposed in accordance with the characteristics of fingertips. Subsequently, the feature points are screened by method of non‐maximum suppression. Finally, gesture recognition is realised by matching feature points. Experimental results illustrate that this method has strong anti‐interference ability in complex background, and it is good at performance.
Ultrasound image segmentation with multilevel threshold based on differential search algorithm
Authors: Shao Dangguo , Xu Chunrong , Xiang Yan , Gui Peng , Zhu Xiaofang , Zhang Chao , Yu Zhengtao
Published: February 2019

Ultrasound (US) image segmentation plays a very important role in diagnostic imaging. In order to extract special tissues from images, this study proposes a new method for segmentation of US images. The proposed method uses multilevel threshold segmentation which is based on Otsu and differential search algorithm. Testing in simulation US images shows that the proposed algorithm has a better result of segmentation than the three existing methods, including region growing, the active contour model and k‐means technique. The proposed method gets the highest Fm values and the smallest area errors in experiments. Vivo US images are also tested by the proposed method and it achieves a good segmentation result.
Pulsed power load effect mitigation in DC shipboard microgrids: a constrained modelpredictive approach
Authors: Vafamand Navid , Mardani Mohammad Mehdi , Khooban Mohammad Hassan , Blaabjerg Frede , Boudjadar Jalil
Published: February 2019

This paper proposes a novel model predictive controller to minimise the effect of unknown pulsed loads on the DC microgrid (MG) side of shipboards. It is assumed that the level of the pulsed power loads (PPLs) is not determined in prior for which the authors propose a novel non‐linear power observer. By employing the so‐called freezing technique, a novel model predictive scheme is utilised to optimally stabilise the overall DC shipboard MG. Furthermore, different constraints on the current of the DC source and the energy storage system (ESS) are considered in the predictive controller to make it more realistic and practical. Compared to the exiting results, the proposed approach can optimally design the injecting current of the ESS so that the practical and physical constraints of the DC MG are also satisfied, which improves the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed controller. To show the merits of the proposed approach, it is tested on a DC MG that feeds one PPL. Real‐time model‐in‐the‐loop (MiL) results show the performance improvements in the transient and steady‐state obtained by the proposed control method compared to the state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Effects of modulation techniques on leakage ground currents in a grid‐tied transformerless HB‐NPC inverter
Authors: Martinez‐Garcia Juan Felipe , Martinez‐Rodriguez Panfilo Raymundo , Escobar Gerardo , Vazquez‐Guzman Gerardo , Sosa‐Zuñiga Jose M. , Valdez‐Fernandez Andres A.
Published: February 2019

In this paper, a comparative study of modulation techniques used in a transformerless H‐bridge neutral point clamped (HB‐NPC) multilevel inverters is presented. Transformerless inverters, usually found in photovoltaic (PV) applications, are more efficient and economically affordable than isolated systems. Nevertheless, they may cause leakage ground currents. The latter are produced by the stray capacitances formed between the PV panel frame and the ground path. There are different ways to overcome the leakage ground current issue in transformerless topologies, for instance using topologies that generate almost zero leakage currents, by using adequate modulation techniques, by inserting additional filters, and by using adequate control schemes, among others. The comparative study, considers five modulation strategies, namely, level‐shifted pulse‐width modulation (PWM), phase‐shifted PWM, three‐level PWM, two sectors hybrid PWM and six sectors hybrid PWM. As it will be demonstrated through the common‐mode model analysis, the three last modulations strategies are aimed at alleviating the leakage ground current issue. In this study, the two sectors hybrid PWM and the six sectors hybrid PWM are proposed. These modulation techniques lead to obtaining five output voltage levels keeping the RMS value of the leakage currents bounded for the transformerless HB‐NPC inverter.
Performance improvement of dynamic PV array under partial shade conditions using M2 algorithm
Authors: Manjunath Matam , Venugopal Reddy Barry , Lehman Brad
Published: February 2019

Photovoltaic (PV) plants operating under the partial shade condition show an imbalance in the array irradiance and produce less output power. To counteract this problem, reconfigurable PV array or dynamic PV array (DPVA) for changing the inter‐connections of PV modules to balance the irradiance distribution has been proposed previously. This study introduces a new strategy, the maximum and minimum (M2) algorithm, to identify global maximum irradiance configuration with a minimal number of interchanges among the PV modules. For the implementation of DPVA, this study introduces a double pole double throw (DPDT) switch network (SN) with less switch‐count compared to a conventional SN. Simulations of PV array have been carried out on a 9 × 9 size PV array. Results are compared with the previously reported algorithms. Further, cost–benefit analysis of a 10 kWP grid‐tied DPVA plant has been presented. Experimental tests on 4 × 2 size DPVA under different shade conditions are conducted to validate the proposed algorithm and DPDT SN.
Variable update rate carrier tracking loop for time‐hopping DSSS signals
Authors: Yun Shijie , Yao Zheng , Lu Mingquan
Published: February 2019

To overcome the near‐far problem, the time‐hopping direct sequence spread spectrum (TH‐DSSS) signal structure is often adopted in pseudolite positioning systems. The time‐hopping characteristics of this type of signal causes the estimating interval of both frequency and phase to be non‐uniform in the tracking loop. However, the existing TH‐DSSS signal tracking loops adopt the continuous DSSS tracking architecture directly, ignoring the influence of such non‐uniform characteristics, which results in a jitter degradation. Here, a TH‐DSSS signal tracking model with variable update rate is established based on the quantitative analyses of the intrinsic mechanism of the TH‐DSSS signal frequency and carrier phase tracking. From this analysis, a Kalman filter (KF)‐based modified TH‐DSSS signal tracking loop is proposed. Wired transmitting and receiving tests show that, compared with the existing TH‐DSSS tracking loops, the proposed tracking loop has a significant improvement in tracking accuracy and convergence.
Bearing‐angle‐based circular formation control of unicycles with arbitrary phase allocation
Authors: Jin Lina , Yu Shuanghe , Ren Dongxu
Published: February 2019

The circular formation control problem of multiple unicycles with arbitrary phase allocation is investigated so as to complete the formation task of specific requirements. With an estimation of the unknown position of one target by the bearing measurements only, a novel circular motion control algorithm of unicycles is designed by combining the phase allocation algorithm, and then a customised phase allocation circular formation control strategy is obtained. Theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Colletotrichumspecies associated to ripe rot disease of grapes in the “Serra Gaucha” region of Southern Brazil
Authors: Echeverrigaray S. , Delamare A.P.L. , Fontanella G. , Favaron F. , Stella L. , Scariot and F.J.
Published: February 2019

Ripe rot disease caused byColletotrichum(Glomerella) has become a serious problem for viticulture in Southern Brazil. Global warming contributes to the increase of this devastating and difficult to control disease. Several species ofColletotrichum, with different phytopathological characteristics, have been associated with ripe rot disease in different viticultural regions. In this article, a total of 63 fungi were isolated from grapes showing symptoms of ripe rot disease, and classified by sequencing of ITS region, and compared with the sequences deposited in GenBank. The isolates were included in three clades ofColletotrichum: 84.1% belonged to the “gloeosporioides” clade, 3.2% to the “boninense” clade, and 12.7% to the “acutatum” clade. Of the 53 isolates included in the “gloeosporioides” clade, 44.4% were classified asC. viniferum/C. ampelinum, 37.1% asC. fruticola, 13.0% asC. kahawaeand 5.5% as a species related toC. fruticola. In turn, the two isolates of the “boninense” clade were classified asC. kartii/C. phyllanthi, and the six “acutatum” isolates were similar toC. acutatumandC. nymphaeaereference materials. The identified species were previously linked to ripe rot disease in other viticulture regions of the world, but the frequency of some species in southern Brazil is particularly different.
Reuse of treated wastewater in viticulture: Can it be an alternative source of nutrient-rich water?
Authors: Etchebarne F. , Aveni P. , Escudier J.-L. , Ojeda H.
Published: February 2019

Water scarcity is a global problem, which leads to unprecedented pressure on water supply in arid and semi-arid regions. Treating wastewater is an alternative and valuable water resource, therefore its reuse for agricultural irrigation has been growing worldwide since the beginning of the 21stcentury. In several regions of the wine-producing countries subject to significant water stress (e.g., Australia, California-USA, Spain), wastewater recycling appears to be the most accessible alternative, both financially and technically, for the agricultural uses that notably not requiring drinking water. Therefore, this research was planned to quantify the contribution of treated wastewater (TWW) to fertilization-needs of the vine, evaluate the impact of irrigation with TWW on the soil, vegetative growth, yield, and wine and grape juice composition. The results provide scientific and technical knowledge on a strategy of water management with high added value. The fertilizer contribution of the TWW would be important, according to the plant's nutrient needs (e.g., in this study 19–39 Unit N, 0.5–1.1 Unit P and 14–28 Unit K ha−1were supplied with TWW). Ensuring treated wastewater microbiological quality is essential, but without reducing of its nutrients. These nutrients would be a valuable input for crop growth and yield, and could reduce the need to resort for inorganic/synthetic fertilizers. A sustainable use of treated wastewater over the long term would, however, necessitate a good practice guidelines and an integrated vision of treated wastewater quality, crops, irrigation and post-harvest practices.
Freilanduntersuchungen zum Einfluss von 31 Unterlagsrebsorten auf Ertrag und ausgewählte Qualitätsparameter der Rebsorte “Zweigelt”
Authors: Mehofer M. , Schmuckenschlager B. , Vitovec N. , Hanak K. , Regner F. , Riedle-Bauer M. , Eder R.
Published: February 2019

Auf einem Standort mit carbonathältiger Braunerde auf Flyschmergel wurde bei der Sorte “Zweigelt” der Einfluss von 31 Unterlagsrebsorten auf die Parameter Mostgewicht, Säuregehalt des Mosts, Ertrag, Traubengewicht und Schnittholzgewicht ermittelt. Im Durchschnitt der zwölf Versuchsjahre bewirkten die Unterlagen 41 B, Ru 140 und G 9 eine signifikante Reduktion des Mostgewichts um 0.47∘ KMW, 0.26∘ KMW und 1.13∘ KMW im Vergleich zu K 5BB. Bei den Unterlagen 1616 C und 3309 C war das Mostgewicht mit + 0.4∘ KMW und + 0.34∘ KMW hingegen signifikant höher. Die Jahresmittelwerte des Mostgewichtes lagen zwischen einem Minimum von 16.6∘ KMW und einem Maximum von 19.1∘ KMW. Der Säuregehalt des Mostes war bei den Unterlagen 41 B, Binova und G 9 um 0.49 g/l, 0.64 g/l und 0.5 g/l im Vergleich zu K 5BB erhöht. Der geringste Jahresmittelwert des Säuregehalts im Most lag bei 5.4 g/l und der höchste Wert bei 7.8 g/l. Der Ertrag war bei den Unterlagen SO4, Cosmo 10.99 R, G 9, Aripa, 101–14 MG, 1616 C, 3309 C und Riparia portalis signifikant verringert. Binova und 225 Ru A2 bewirkten eine signifikante Ertragssteigerung um 0.5 kg/Stock beziehungsweise 0.41 kg/Stock im Vergleich zu K 5BB. Die Jahresmittelwerte des Ertrages lagen zwischen 0.58 kg/Stock im ersten Ertragsjahr und 1.97 bis 5.96 kg/Stock in den Folgejahren. Das Traubengewicht wies ebenfalls einen signifikanten Zusammenhang mit der verwendeten Unterlage auf. Im Durchschnitt aller Beobachtungsjahre wurde das Traubengewicht durch K 125AA, G 26, 41 B und Binova positiv beeinflusst. Hingegen führten die Unterlagen G 9, 99 R, 101–14 MG und 3309 C im Vergleich zu K 5BB zu einer Verringerung des Traubengewichts. Die Jahresmittelwerte lagen zwischen einem Minimum von 149 g und einem Maximum von 318 g. Das Schnittholzgewicht wurde signifikant durch die Unterlage beeinflusst, wobei die Unterlagen K 125AA, Binova, 225 Ru A2, 1103 P und Fercal im Vergleich zu K 5BB zu Erhöhungen zwischen 0.014 kg/m2 und 0.03 kg/m2 führten; die Unterlagen G 9, Riparia portalis, 101–14 MG, 1616 C und Aripa bewirkten hingegen eine Reduktion des Schnittholzgewichts. Die Jahresmittelwerte betrugen 0.03 kg/m2 und 0.094 kg/m2 in den ersten beiden Ertragsjahren und lagen in den Folgejahren zwischen 0.112 kg/m2 und 0.243 kg/m2. Mikrovinifikation und.