bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study to determine the Prevalence of Malocclusion and Chief Motivational Factor for Desire of Orthodontic Treatment in Jaipur City, India
Authors: Sharma Kuldeep , Sharma Ruchi , Yadav Dhruv , Choudhary Abhilasha , Singh Swapnil
Published: July 2015

Background

Prevalence of malocclusion varies in different parts of a diverse country like India.

Aims

To determine the prevalence of malocclusion in population of Jaipur city, Rajasthan, India, as well as subjects views regarding the most important factor for seeking orthodontic treatment by patients who have malocclusion.

Materials and methods

The sample consisted of 700 subjects (373 males and 327 females) with age group of 15 to 30 years. Subjects were randomly selected and none of them had received orthodontic treatment previously. The subjects who showed bilateral Angle's class I molar relationship with acceptable overjet, overbite and well-aligned arches or minimal crowding were considered to have normal occlusion. The subjects with malocclusion were classified into four groups according to Angle's classification, i.e. class I, class II division 1, class II division 2 and class III malocclusions.

Results

About 74.57% of population was found to have malocclusion. Among these subjects, 52.57% subjects were diagnosed with class I malocclusion, 12.57% with class II division 1 malocclusion, 8% with class II division 2 and remaining 1.42% had class III malocclusion. No statistically significant differences were found between male and female subjects.

Conclusion

Among class I malocclusion characteristics, Angle's class I type 1 malocclusion was statistically significantly found to be the most prevalent type of malocclusion. As far as the most important factor for seeking orthodontic treatment was determined, a desire of enhancing facial appearance followed by a desire of attaining straight teeth was considered to be the chief motivational factor among this population.

How to cite this article

Sharma R, Sharma K, Yadav D, Choudhary A, Singh S. A Study to determine the Prevalence of Malocclusion and Chief Motivational Factor for Desire of Orthodontic Treatment in Jaipur City, India. World J Dent 2015; 6(2):87-92.
Tooth Mortality: An Analysis of Reasons underlying the Extraction of Permanent Teeth
Authors: Manekar Varsha Sunil , Kende Prajwalit , Kulkarni Seema
Published: July 2015

The patients loose tooth/teeth for various reasons at different year of age. The most common reason are caries and periodontal disease. There is debate on the main cause out of these two. This may vary depending on other variables like age, food habits, general condition. The other causes of tooth extraction are failure of endodontics, fracture, infection. Some disease free teeth need to be sacrificed for orthodontic or prosthetic treatment plan. There is need of evaluation of reasons for tooth mortality. This will be the indicator of status of oral health awareness among population and success of oral healthcare delivered. In a prospective survey at our department collected data of 1186 subjects undergoing extractions of tooth/teeth. This data were evaluated for age and gender distribution, prevalence of reason for extraction and that of each tooth type in both arches.

Aim

The aim of survey is to study of prevalence and reasons of extraction of teeth according to age groups. In this prospective survey, the data were collected from the outpatient registration desk of extraction room of department of oral and maxillofacial surgery of Government Dental College and Hospital, Mumbai, India. The assessment of the data was done by a single senior faculty. The data were analyzed for age, gender, reason for extraction and tooth/teeth extracted. Total 1,568 extractions were performed on 1,186 subjects.

Conclusion

The dental caries and its sequel is the principal reason for extraction of teeth followed by periodontal disease. The first molar of both arches is the tooth extracted most frequently for caries and its sequel in young age group of 15 to 25 years.

How to cite this article

Manekar VS, Kende P, Kulkarni S. Tooth Mortality: An Analysis of Reasons underlying the Extraction of Permanent Teeth. World J Dent 2015;6(2):93-96.
An Atypical Case of Partial Displacement and Wash-out of the Mineral Trioxide Aggregate-based Sealer in Endodontic Surgery
Authors: Tonetto Mateus Rodrigues , Kuga Milton Carlos , Guiotti Flávia Angélica , Dantas Andrea Abi Rached , Bandeca Matheus Coelho , Jordão-Basso Keren Cristina Fagundes , Venção Ana Carolina , Magro Miriam Graziele
Published: July 2015

This clinical report described an atypical case where the mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-based sealer added with 20% calcium hydroxyde was used for retrograde filling. The patient was subjected to endodontic surgery to remove persistent apical lesion. After the apicoetomy and apical cavity preparation using an ultrasonic device, MTA-based sealer (MTA Fillapex) added with 20% calcium hydroxide (w/w) was used for retrograde filling. After 48 hours, the radiographic analysis showed partial displacement and wash-out of sealer. The case was only clinically controlled and no surgery was performed. After 10 months, the postoperative control showed reduction of periapical radiolucent image and absence of symptoms, radiographic and clinical signs, presented bone periradicular repair showing partial absence of the sealer in cavity retrograde.

How to cite this article

Guiotti FA, Kuga MC, Magro MG, Venção AC, Tonetto MR, Jordão-Basso KCF, Bandeca MC, Dantas AAR. An Atypical Case of Partial Displacement and Wash-out of the Mineral Trioxide Aggregate-based Sealer in Endodontic Surgery. World J Dent 2015;6(2):108-111.
Functional Rehabilitation of Mandibular Molar with separated Instrument and External Root Resorption
Authors: Ramugade Manoj Mahadeo , Metkari Sachin Shashikant , Kamble Praneeta S , Meena Rajesh Kumar
Published: July 2015

Procedural errors like separated instrument have always been a hindrance for successful endodontic therapy. However, it becomes more challenging when there is an added condition of root resorption in the same root in which instrument is separated. Here, we present and discuss such a case where instrument retrieval was unsuccessful and had to restore to surgical techniques like hemisection and extraction of affected root of the tooth followed by prosthetic rehabilitation.

How to cite this article

Metkari SS, Kamble PS, Meena RK, Ramugade MM. Functional Rehabilitation of Mandibular Molar with Separated Instrument and External Root Resorption. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2015;5(1):27-30.
Ground-based aerosol climatology of China: aerosol optical depths from the China Aerosol Remote Sensing Network (CARSNET) 2002–2013
Authors: Che H. , Zhang X.-Y. , Xia X. , Goloub P. , Holben B. , Zhao H. , Wang Y. , Zhang X.-C. , Wang H. , Blarel L. , Damiri B. , Zhang R. , Deng X. , Ma Y. , Wang T. , Geng F. , Qi B. , Zhu J. , Yu J. , Chen Q. , Shi G.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Long-term measurements of aerosol optical depths (AODs) at 440 nm and Ångström exponents (AE) between 440 and 870 nm made for CARSNET were compiled into a climatology of aerosol optical properties for China. Quality-assured monthly mean AODs are presented for 50 sites representing remote, rural, and urban areas. AODs were 0.14, 0.34, 0.42, 0.54, and 0.74 at remote stations, rural/desert regions, the Loess Plateau, central and eastern China, and urban sites, respectively, and the corresponding AE values were 0.97, 0.55, 0.82, 1.19, and 1.05. AODs increased from north to south, with low values (< 0.20) over the Tibetan Plateau and northwestern China and high AODs (> 0.60) in central and eastern China where industrial emissions and anthropogenic activities were likely sources. AODs were 0.20–0.40 in semi-arid and arid regions and some background areas in northern and northeastern China. AEs were > 1.20 over the southern reaches of the Yangtze River and at clean sites in northeastern China. In the northwestern deserts and industrial parts of northeast China, AEs were lower (< 0.80) compared with central and eastern regions. Dust events in spring, hygroscopic particle growth during summer, and biomass burning contribute the high AODs, especially in northern and eastern China. The AODs show decreasing trends from 2006 to 2009 but increased ~ 0.03 per year from 2009 to 2013.
Climate-forced air-quality modeling at the urban scale: sensitivity to model resolution, emissions and meteorology
Authors: Markakis K. , Valari M. , Perrussel O. , Sanchez O. , Honore C.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. While previous research helped to identify and prioritize the sources of error in air-quality modeling due to anthropogenic emissions and spatial scale effects, our knowledge is limited on how these uncertainties affect climate-forced air-quality assessments. Using as reference a 10-year model simulation over the greater Paris (France) area at 4 km resolution and anthropogenic emissions from a 1 km resolution bottom-up inventory, through several tests we estimate the sensitivity of modeled ozone and PM2.5 concentrations to different potentially influential factors with a particular interest over the urban areas. These factors include the model horizontal and vertical resolution, the meteorological input from a climate model and its resolution, the use of a top-down emission inventory, the resolution of the emissions input and the post-processing coefficients used to derive the temporal, vertical and chemical split of emissions. We show that urban ozone displays moderate sensitivity to the resolution of emissions (~ 8 %), the post-processing method (6.5 %) and the horizontal resolution of the air-quality model (~ 5 %), while annual PM2.5 levels are particularly sensitive to changes in their primary emissions (~ 32 %) and the resolution of the emission inventory (~ 24 %). The air-quality model horizontal and vertical resolution have little effect on model predictions for the specific study domain. In the case of modeled ozone concentrations, the implementation of refined input data results in a consistent decrease (from 2.5 up to 8.3 %), mainly due to inhibition of the titration rate by nitrogen oxides. Such consistency is not observed for PM2.5. In contrast this consistency is not observed for PM2.5. In addition we use the results of these sensitivities to explain and quantify the discrepancy between a coarse (~ 50 km) and a fine (4 km) resolution simulation over the urban area. We show that the ozone bias of the coarse run (+9 ppb) is reduced by ~ 40 % by adopting a higher resolution emission inventory, by 25 % by using a post-processing technique based on the local inventory (same improvement is obtained by increasing model horizontal resolution) and by 10 % by adopting the annual emission totals of the local inventory. The bias of PM2.5 concentrations follows a more complex pattern, with the positive values associated with the coarse run (+3.6 μg m−3), increasing or decreasing depending on the type of the refinement. We conclude that in the case of fine particles, the coarse simulation cannot selectively incorporate local-scale features in order to reduce its error.
Spatiotemporal Mining of Time-Series Remote Sensing Images Based on Sequential Pattern Mining
Authors: Liu H. C. , He G. J. , Zhang X. M. , Jiang W. , Ling S. G.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. With the continuous development of satellite techniques, it is now possible to acquire a regular series of images concerning a given geographical zone with both high accuracy and low cost. Research on how best to effectively process huge volumes of observational data obtained on different dates for a specific geographical zone, and to exploit the valuable information regarding land cover contained in these images has received increasing interest from the remote sensing community. In contrast to traditional land cover change measures using pair-wise comparisons that emphasize the compositional or configurational changes between dates, this research focuses on the analysis of the temporal sequence of land cover dynamics, which refers to the succession of land cover types for a given area over more than two observational periods. Using a time series of classified Landsat images, ranging from 2006 to 2011, a sequential pattern mining method was extended to this spatiotemporal context to extract sets of connected pixels sharing similar temporal evolutions. The resultant sequential patterns could be selected (or not) based on the range of support values. These selected patterns were used to explore the spatial compositions and temporal evolutions of land cover change within the study region. Experimental results showed that continuous patterns that represent consistent land cover over time appeared as quite homogeneous zones, which agreed with our domain knowledge. Discontinuous patterns that represent land cover change trajectories were dominated by the transition from vegetation to bare land, especially during 2009–2010. This approach quantified land cover changes in terms of the percentage area affected and mapped the spatial distribution of these changes. Sequential pattern mining has been used for string mining or itemset mining in transactions analysis. The expected novel significance of this study is the generalization of the application of the sequential pattern mining method for capturing the spatial variability of landscape patterns, and their trajectories of change, to reveal information regarding process regularities with satellite imagery.
CLUSTERING ANALYSIS OF OFFICER'S BEHAVIOURS IN LONDON POLICE FOOT PATROL ACTIVITIES
Authors: Shen J. , Cheng T.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. In this small paper we aim at presenting a framework of conceptual representation and clustering analysis of police officers’ patrol pattern obtained from mining their raw movement trajectory data. This have been achieved by a model developed to accounts for the spatio-temporal dynamics human movements by incorporating both the behaviour features of the travellers and the semantic meaning of the environment they are moving in. Hence, the similarity metric of traveller behaviours is jointly defined according to the stay time allocation in each Spatio-temporal region of interests (ST-ROI) to support clustering analysis of patrol behaviours. The proposed framework enables the analysis of behaviour and preferences on higher level based on raw moment trajectories. The model is firstly applied to police patrol data provided by the Metropolitan Police and will be tested by other type of dataset afterwards.
A TASK-ORIENTED DISASTER INFORMATION CORRELATION METHOD
Authors: Linyao Q. , Zhiqiang D. , Qing Z.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. With the rapid development of sensor networks and Earth observation technology, a large quantity of disaster-related data is available, such as remotely sensed data, historic data, case data, simulated data, and disaster products. However, the efficiency of current data management and service systems has become increasingly difficult due to the task variety and heterogeneous data. For emergency task-oriented applications, the data searches primarily rely on artificial experience based on simple metadata indices, the high time consumption and low accuracy of which cannot satisfy the speed and veracity requirements for disaster products. In this paper, a task-oriented correlation method is proposed for efficient disaster data management and intelligent service with the objectives of 1) putting forward disaster task ontology and data ontology to unify the different semantics of multi-source information, 2) identifying the semantic mapping from emergency tasks to multiple data sources on the basis of uniform description in 1), and 3) linking task-related data automatically and calculating the correlation between each data set and a certain task. The method goes beyond traditional static management of disaster data and establishes a basis for intelligent retrieval and active dissemination of disaster information. The case study presented in this paper illustrates the use of the method on an example flood emergency relief task.
SPATIO-TEMPORAL PATTERN ANALYSIS FOR REGIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE USING MATHEMATICAL MORPHOLOGY
Authors: Das M. , Ghosh S. K.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Of late, significant changes in climate with their grave consequences have posed great challenges on humankind. Thus, the detection and assessment of climatic changes on a regional scale is gaining importance, since it helps to adopt adequate mitigation and adaptation measures. In this paper, we have presented a novel approach for detecting spatio-temporal pattern of regional climate change by exploiting the theory of mathematical morphology. At first, the various climatic zones in the region have been identified by using multifractal cross-correlation analysis (MF-DXA) of different climate variables of interest. Then, the directional granulometry with four different structuring elements has been studied to detect the temporal changes in spatial distribution of the identified climatic zones in the region and further insights have been drawn with respect to morphological uncertainty index and Hurst exponent. The approach has been evaluated with the daily time series data of land surface temperature (LST) and precipitation rate, collected from Microsoft Research - Fetch Climate Explorer, to analyze the spatio-temporal climatic pattern-change in the Eastern and North-Eastern regions of India throughout four quarters of the 20th century.
A SPATIO-TEMPORAL FRAMEWORK FOR MODELING ACTIVE LAYER THICKNESS
Authors: Touyz J. , Streletskiy D. A. , Nelson F. E. , Apanasovich T. V.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. The Arctic is experiencing an unprecedented rate of environmental and climate change. The active layer (the uppermost layer of soil between the atmosphere and permafrost that freezes in winter and thaws in summer) is sensitive to both climatic and environmental changes, and plays an important role in the functioning, planning, and economic activities of Arctic human and natural ecosystems. This study develops a methodology for modeling and estimating spatial-temporal variations in active layer thickness (ALT) using data from several sites of the Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring network, and demonstrates its use in spatial-temporal interpolation. The simplest model’s stochastic component exhibits no spatial or spatio-temporal dependency and is referred to as the naïve model, against which we evaluate the performance of the other models, which assume that the stochastic component exhibits either spatial or spatio-temporal dependency. The methods used to fit the models are then discussed, along with point forecasting. We compare the predicted fit of the various models at key study sites located in the North Slope of Alaska and demonstrate the advantages of space-time models through a series of error statistics such as mean squared error, mean absolute and percent deviance from observed data. We find the difference in performance between the spatio-temporal and remaining models is significant for all three error statistics. The best stochastic spatio-temporal model increases predictive accuracy, compared to the naïve model, of 33.3%, 36.2% and 32.5% on average across the three error metrics at the key sites for a one-year hold out period.
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF HUMAN MOVEMENTS AND APPLICATIONS FOR DISASTER RESPONSE MANAGEMENT UTILIZING CELL PHONE USAGE DATA
Authors: Yasumiishi M. , Renschler C. S. , Bittner T. E.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. As cell phone usage becomes a norm in our daily lives, analysis and application of the data has become part of various research fields. This study focuses on the application of cell phone usage data to disaster response management. Cell phones work as a communication link between emergency responders and victims during and after a major disaster. This study recognizes that there are two kinds of disasters, one with an advance warning, and one without an advance warning. Different movement distance between a day with a blizzard (advanced warning) and a normal weather day was identified. In the scenario of a day with an extreme event without advanced warning (earthquake), factors that alter the phone users' movements were analyzed. Lastly, combining both cases, a conceptual model of human movement factors is proposed. Human movements consist of four factors that are push factors, movement-altering factors, derived attributes and constraint factors. Considering each category of factors in case of emergency, it should be necessary that we prepare different kinds of emergency response plans depending on the characteristics of a disaster.
INTERESTING SPATIO-TEMPORAL REGION DISCOVERY COMPUTATIONS OVER GPU AND MAPREDUCE PLATFORMS
Authors: McDermott M. , Prasad S. K. , Shekhar S. , Zhou X.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Discovery of interesting paths and regions in spatio-temporal data sets is important to many fields such as the earth and atmospheric sciences, GIS, public safety and public health both as a goal and as a preliminary step in a larger series of computations. This discovery is usually an exhaustive procedure that quickly becomes extremely time consuming to perform using traditional paradigms and hardware and given the rapidly growing sizes of today’s data sets is quickly outpacing the speed at which computational capacity is growing. In our previous work (Prasad et al., 2013a) we achieved a 50 times speedup over sequential using a single GPU. We were able to achieve near linear speedup over this result on interesting path discovery by using Apache Hadoop to distribute the workload across multiple GPU nodes. Leveraging the parallel architecture of GPUs we were able to drastically reduce the computation time of a 3-dimensional spatio-temporal interest region search on a single tile of normalized difference vegetative index for Saudi Arabia. We were further able to see an almost linear speedup in compute performance by distributing this workload across several GPUs with a simple MapReduce model. This increases the speed of processing 10 fold over the comparable sequential while simultaneously increasing the amount of data being processed by 384 fold. This allowed us to process the entirety of the selected data set instead of a constrained window.
Visualizing Water Quality Sampling-Events in Florida
Authors: Bolt M. D.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Water quality sampling in Florida is acknowledged to be spatially and temporally variable. The rotational monitoring program that was created to capture data within the state’s thousands of miles of coastline and streams, and millions of acres of lakes, reservoirs, and ponds may be partly responsible for inducing the variability as an artifact. Florida’s new dissolved-oxygen-standard methodology will require more data to calculate a percent saturation. This additional data requirement’s impact can be seen when the new methodology is applied retrospectively to the historical collection. To understand how, where, and when the methodological change could alter the environmental quality narrative of state waters requires addressing induced bias from prior sampling events and behaviors. Here stream and coastal water quality data is explored through several modalities to maximize understanding and communication of the spatiotemporal relationships. Previous methodology and expected-retrospective calculations outside the regulatory framework are found to be significantly different, but dependent on the spatiotemporal perspective. Data visualization is leveraged to demonstrate these differences, their potential impacts on environmental narratives, and to direct further review and analysis.
WORLD SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYTICS AND MAPPING PROJECT (WSTAMP): DISCOVERING, EXPLORING, AND MAPPING SPATIOTEMPORAL PATTERNS ACROSS THE WORLD’S LARGEST OPEN SORUCE DATA SETS
Authors: Stewart R. , Piburn J. , Sorokine A. , Myers A. , Moehl J. , White D.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. The application of spatiotemporal (ST) analytics to integrated data from major sources such as the World Bank, United Nations, and dozens of others holds tremendous potential for shedding new light on the evolution of cultural, health, economic, and geopolitical landscapes on a global level. Realizing this potential first requires an ST data model that addresses challenges in properly merging data from multiple authors, with evolving ontological perspectives, semantical differences, and changing attributes, as well as content that is textual, numeric, categorical, and hierarchical. Equally challenging is the development of analytical and visualization approaches that provide a serious exploration of this integrated data while remaining accessible to practitioners with varied backgrounds. The WSTAMP project at Oak Ridge National Laboratory has yielded two major results in addressing these challenges: 1) development of the WSTAMP database, a significant advance in ST data modeling that integrates 10,000+ attributes covering over 200 nation states spanning over 50 years from over 30 major sources and 2) a novel online ST exploratory and analysis tool providing an array of modern statistical and visualization techniques for analyzing these data temporally, spatially, and spatiotemporally under a standard analytic workflow. We discuss the status of this work and report on major findings.
A method to calculate Finite-Time Lyapunov Exponents for inertial particles in incompressible flows
Authors: Garaboa D. , Pérez-Muñuzuri V.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. The present study aims to improve the calculus of Finite-Time Lyapunov Exponents (iFTLEs) applied to describe the transport of inertial particles in a fluid flow. To this aim, the deformation tensor used to obtain the iFTLE is modified to take into account that the stretching rate between particles separated by a certain distance is influenced by the initial velocity of the particles. The advantages of this improvement, if compared to the standard method (Shadden et al., 2005), are discussed for the double-gyre flow and the meandering jet flow. The new method allows to identify the initial velocity that inertial particles must have in order to maximize their dispersion.
La historia familiar y la conducta de consumo de alcohol como factor sociocultural en el adolescente. Perspectiva de enfermería
Authors: Armendáriz García Nora Angélica , Almanza López Jessica Belem , Alonso Castillo María Teresa de Jesús , Oliva Rodríguez Nora Nelly , Alonso Castillo María Magdalena , López Cisneros Manuel Antonio
Published: July 2015

Los adolescentes con mayor probabilidad de presentar la conducta de consumo de alcohol son los que están sometidos a diferentes factores de riesgo, los cuales pueden ser personales; dentro de estos factores se encuentra la historia familiar de consumo de alcohol (HFCA). Objetivo: establecer las diferencias y la relación entre el factor personal sociocultural a través de la HFCA y la conducta no saludable de consumo de alcohol en adolescentes de preparatoria del Estado de Nuevo León. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo correlacional, la población estuvo conformada por 743 adolescentes de preparatoria, la muestra fue de 240, con un poder del 90 %. Muestreo aleatorio estratificado con asignación proporcional al tamaño del estrato. Dentro de cada estrato se empleó muestreo aleatorio por conglomerados unietápicos. Los instrumentos empleados fueron el Inventario de HFCA y el Cuestionario de Identificación de los Trastornos debidos al Consumo de Alcohol. Resultados: los adolescentes con HFCA positiva fueron quienes presentaron mayores prevalencias de conducta no saludable (consumo de alcohol); asimismo, el tipo de consumo de alcohol dependiente y dañino presentó esta misma tendencia observándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05). Cuando se analiza la conducta de consumo de alcohol en los adolescentes se identificó una relación positiva y significativa (rs = 0,196, p < 0,01), lo que indica que a mayor consumo de alcohol por parte de los padres, se presenta un mayor consumo por parte del hijo adolescente.
Lo que no se ve, no existe: percepciones sobre cáncer y papilomavirus humano en jóvenes universitarios, Medellín, Colombia, 2014
Authors: Tamayo Acevedo Lucía Stella , Gil Cano Paola Andrea , Tamayo Acevedo Luz Elena
Published: July 2015

Objetivo: comprender las percepciones de los estudiantes de pregrado de la Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia, sobre los cánceres de cuello uterino, canal anal, orofaringe y pene, y cómo los relacionan con la infección por PVH. Materiales y métodos: estudio etnográfico, realizado de marzo del 2013 a abril del 2014, participaron 23 mujeres y 14 hombres en ocho grupos de discusión. Sus discursos fueron grabados, transcritos y analizados con el método argumentativo. Resultados: en general, los/as jóvenes relacionaron el cáncer cervicouterino con el PVH, pero no con los tipos de cáncer en canal anal, orofaringe y pene, sobre los cuales tenían poco conocimiento o desconocían. El pensar que las mujeres son las que contraen el cáncer cervical y contagian a los hombres con el PVH no les permitió imaginar que existieran otros cánceres asociados al PVH. Conclusión: las percepciones y la falta de claridad en la relación PVH y otros cánceres, pueden incrementar el riesgo de infección por las prácticas sexuales y en el tiempo aumentar la prevalencia de estos cánceres.
Effects of Adding Resorbable Phosphate Glass Fibres and PLA to Calcium Phosphate Bone Cements
Authors: Hasan Muhammad Sami , Carpenter Nicholas , Wei Teo Ling , McNally Donal , Ahmed Ifty , Boszczyk Bronek M.
Published: July 2015

Background

Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs), due to their biocompatibility and degradation properties, are being widely investigated as a replacement to more commonly used polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) for vertebroplasty. CPCs have shown the potential to be replaced by host bone tissue during the healing/remodelling process. However, brittleness and comparatively low strength restrict the use of CPC in load-bearing applications. Although porous CPC can integrate with bone over time, slow degradation profiles and poor interconnectivity between pores restricts osseointegration to the top layer of CPC only.

Methods

Polylactic acid (PLA) and phosphate glass fibres (PGFs) were incorporated in a CPC matrix to overcome the problem of inherent brittleness and limited osseointegration.

Results

Incorporation of PLA and PGFs within CPC was successful in achieving a much less brittle CPC matrix without affecting the mechanical properties of CPC. The area under the stress-strain curve showed that the total energy to failure of the CPC hybrid was significantly greater than that of the CPC control.

Conclusions

The methodology adopted here to add PLA within the CPC matrix may also allow for incorporation of PLA cross-linked biochemicals. Micrographic studies revealed that it was possible to confer control over pore size, shape and interconnectivity without negatively affecting the mechanical properties of the cement. This tailorable porosity could potentially lead to better osseointegration within CPC.
Why Vascular Access Trials on Flow Surveillance Failed
Authors: Krivitski Nikolai
Published: July 2015

Introduction

Since the introduction of access flow surveillance technology for routine patient screening in 1995, more than 30 clinical trials have been presented in peer reviewed journals. Despite overall positive outcomes, some trials, including randomized control trials (RCTs), failed to produce positive outcomes for access surveillance. The purpose of this study is to analyze published data related to the main component of access surveillance–-adequate increase of access flow after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA).

Results

A total of nine studies for arteriovenous grafts (AVGs) that include 350 accesses and nine studies for arteriovenous fistula (AVF) that included 503 accesses were considered for analysis from 14 publications. Practically, all reference data find high sensitivity (>90%) of access flow measurement to predict 50% stenosis. Mean access flow increase after PTA in AVGs was 319 ml/min (from 238 to 524 ml/min). Mean access flow increase in AVFs was 331 ml/min (from 195 to 402 ml/min). Relative flow increase in AVFs was 1.6 times greater than in AVGs. The authors of failed RCT for AVGs either did not select patients for PTA based on KDOQI guidelines and did not provide/analyze PTA flow results data, or reveal data that obviously show failure of PTA to adequately improve access flow.

Access flow surveillance successfully identifies patients with hemodynamically significant stenosis. PTA performed on AVFs produce better hemodynamic results than in AVGs. Inadequate flow increases during PTA and not following KDOQI guidelines are major contributing factors for failed AVG randomized tails. Radiologists should use objective means for flow evaluation during PTA.
Using marginal structural models to identify the cardiovascular adverse effects of second generation antipsychotics in children and adolescents
Authors: Tripathi Avnish , Black George B. , Jerrell Jeanette M.
Published: July 2015

In pediatric patients, we examined the association between exposure to five second generation antipsychotics (SGAs) and incidentcardiovascular events (arrhythmic or ischemic/myocardial) over time using marginal structural models (MSM), while controllingfor salient comorbid conditions and co-prescribed psychotropic medications. A retrospective cohort, longitudinal/ observationalstudy design was used to evaluate Medicaid medical and pharmacy claims in 4140 children and adolescents prescribed SGAsfrom South Carolina USA’s Medicaid program covering outpatient and inpatient medical services and medication prescriptionsbetween January, 1996 and December, 2005. Exposure to multiple SGAs (Risk Ratio [RR]=2.37; 95% CI=1.17-4.83), coprescribedpsychostimulants (RR=1.37; CI=1.03-1.81), and comorbid hypertension (RR=2.23; CI=1.28-3.89) were associatedwith a significantly increased risk of arrhythmias compared to those not exposed, whereas exposure to co-prescribed serotoninnorepinephrine reuptake inhibitor/heterocyclic compounds was associated with a significantly decreased risk of arrhythmias(RR=0.59; CI=0.35-0.99). The risk of incident ischemic/myocardial events was significantly associated with the co-prescription ofmood stabilizers (RR=1.68; CI=1.06-2.68) or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (RR=1.91; CI=1.18-3.09), and the presenceof comorbid hypertension (RR=3.97; CI=1.96-8.07) and obesity (RR=2.21; CI=1.34-3.67). MSM analyses comparing multipletreatments while controlling for confounding variables in an observational, longitudinal data set provide important, differentialestimates of outcome, when randomized, controlled trials estimating low-incidence outcomes such as cardiovascular adverseevents in large pediatric patient populations are not feasible.
The physician assistant hospitalist: a time-motion study
Authors: Beresford Julia V. , Hooker Roderick S.
Published: July 2015

Objective: The role of hospital-based physician assistants (PAs) is in need of delineation. To learn more about their activities, an administrative research project compared the tasks of hospitalists. In this setting an MD-PA team managed the adult medicine ward each weekday while three MDs rotated shifts.Methods: A priori a survey of hospitalist activities was administered to four providers in a medium sized hospital (3 MDs and 1 PA). This was followed by time-motion documentation that involved shadowing each member of the MD-PA hospitalist teams over a three-month period. A univariate analysis of activity patterns (perceived and observed) assessed what was perceived and what actually occurred on the wards. The mean, standard deviation, and difference in means for each task were calculated.Results: In the survey the PA reported she spent one-half of her hospitalist workdays on direct patient care and the physicians spent less time on direct patient care. Physicians believed they spent half days on direct patient care and believed the PA spent less time on direct patient care than they did. In the time-motion study shadowing the four hospitalists separately what was observed was that the PA spent 18% of her workday on direct patient care and 54% on indirect patient care - primarily patient encounter documentation. The three physicians spent 15% of their workday on direct patient care and 54% on indirect patient care – primarily patient encounter documentation. In summary, the perception of what each provider thought they did and what they in fact did differed significantly when actually observed. All four hospitalists (regardless of team composition) spent less than 20% of their workday with patients, and the rest divided among documentation, examination and test results, hospital meetings, and breaks. Task activity was similar for all providers except MDs attended more administrative meetings than the PA.Conclusions: The perception that physicians have of PA roles and what a PA actually does has been a reoccurring observation. A lack of understanding of PA role delineation by physicians may contribute to employment reluctance.
Temporal changes of meadow and peatbog vegetation in the landscape of a small-scale river valley in Central Roztocze
Authors: Czarnecka Bożenna , Franczak Magdalena
Published: July 2015

The Szum is a right-side tributary of the Tanew River crossing the southern escarpment zone of the Central Roztocze region (SE Poland). Downstream of the strict river break in a section between the 10th and 12th km of the river course in the Szum valley, meadow and peatbog complexes have developed, associated with semi-hydrogenic and marshy soils. In an area of approx. 13 ha of the most valuable non-forest habitats, a variety of plant communities have been identified, including habitats of the Natura 2000 network and habitats that are protected under the Regulation of the Minister of the Environment (2001). These are, for instance, meadow associations Lysimachio vulgaris-Filipenduletum, Lythro-Filipenduletum, Filipendulo ulmariae-Menthetum longifoliae, Angelico-Cirsietum oleracei, and Cirsietum rivularis. The moss–sedge and sphagnum bog communities comprise noteworthy associations Caricetum limosae, Rhynchosporetum albae, Caricetum lasiocarpae, Caricetum paniceo-lepidocarpae, Caricetum davallianae, and Sphagnetum magellanici. These communities are composed of ca. 160 vascular plant species and 40 moss and liverwort species.

In 1999–2014, the greatest changes occurred within macroforb meadows, i.e. small Angelico-Cirsietum oleracei and Cirsietum rivularis patches have been transformed into Lysimachio vulgaris-Filipenduletum, while some patches of the latter association have been transformed into a Caricetum acutiformis rush. Several patches of bog-spring associations Caricetum paniceo-lepidocarpae and Carici canescentis-Agrostietum caninae have been irretrievably destroyed. Sphagnetum magellanici appears to be the least stable community among the preserved peatbogs. The changes of meadow and peatbog vegetation observed for the last 15 years are a consequence of natural processes that take place in the river valley and to a large extent human activity connected with the so-called small-scale water retention as well as the presence of a beaver colony in the area and later the abandonment of this area by beavers. Despite the multidirectional changes, the peatbogs of the Szum valley have retained their high species and phytocoenotic diversity, which indicates a substantial degree of naturalness.
Micromycetes colonizing and damaging leaves of evergreen rhododendron (Rhododendron L.) in nursery
Authors: Kowalik Maria , Kierpiec-Baran Barbara , Duda-Franiak Klaudia
Published: July 2015

In May and October 2010–2012, mycological studies were conducted on 10 cultivars of rhododendron bushes growing in containers in the nursery of ornamental plants. Out of 3000 specimens of infested leaf fragments, 2566 fungal colonies belonging to 41 species were isolated. The following species colonizing the leaves and causing their necrosis were extracted in the largest number of colonies: Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Epicoccum nigrum, Humicola grisea, Pestalotiopsis sydowiana, Phoma pomorum, Sordaria fimicola, Trichoderma koningii, Trichoderma polysporum, Truncatella truncata, Umbelopsis isabellina and others. The research showed that the micromycetes colonies colonizing and damaging rhododendron leaves varied in species composition and number of colonies in different years and at different times. The study determined which rhododendron cultivars were characterized by good health and which had the greatest susceptibility to infection by micromycetes.
The effect of the shape of gaps on microenvironmental conditions and seedling recruitment in Molinietum caeruleae meadows
Authors: Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt Kinga
Published: July 2015

Cessation of the management of semi-natural habitats such as grasslands and meadows contributes to secondary succession and encroachment of native and alien tall-growing perennials, large tussock grasses, shrubs, and trees. Thus, the formation of gaps in the plant canopy and litter, enabling seedling recruitment, appears to be a very effective method for the restoration of several plant communities. The main objective of the research was to assess the effect of the shape of openings on microenvironmental conditions and seedling recruitment in Molinietum caeruleae patches in various habitat conditions. In all study patches, circular and linear openings, comparable in area, were randomly created through the removal of plant canopy and litter layer. The circular gaps presented greater light availability and lower soil humidity than linear openings, while soil temperature within differently shaped openings was similar. Regardless of differences in microenvironmental conditions, the total number of seedlings in differently shaped gaps did not vary considerably. Three plant categories were found: (i) those recruited mostly in circular openings, (ii) those recruited mostly in linear gaps, (iii) those colonizing circular and linear gaps similarly. The colonizers of circular gaps represented various synecological groups (ruderal, grasslands and meadows, young tree communities) and diverse life forms (therophytes, hemicryptophytes, chamaephytes, phanerophytes), while the colonizers of linear gaps were meadow and grassland hemicryptophytes. The formation of linear openings contributes to increases in the abundance of meadow taxa, while the creation of circular openings may have a negative effect, contributing to the promotion of the secondary succession process.
Recorregut de recerca geològica i mineralògica per la comarca de l´Alcalatén: des de Llucena a les Useres, Atzeneta i Vistabella del Maestrat
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim
Published: July 2015

Itinerari realitzat el dia 4 de maig de 2014. Aquest itinerari es desenvoluparà a través de la zona de contacte entre dues de les unitats geològiques que constitueixen el subsòl del País Valencià: concretament per la denominada Zona Oriental Costanera (RIBA et altri, 1976) dita també Branca Externa de la Serralada Prelitoral (pertanyent al Sistema Mediterrani) i per la Serralada Ibèrica (concretament pel sector denominat Muntanyam de Castelló, segons RIBA et altri, 1976). Així, l´itinerari s´iniciarà a la primera zona abans esmentada, la denominada Zona Oriental Costanera. En conjunt, es tracta d´una sèrie d´estructures (serralades i depressions) d´alineació fonamentalment NE-SW (o NNE-SSW), es a dir: catalana. Després, el recorregut penetrarà al denominat Muntanyam de Castelló (RIBA et altri, 1976), pertanyent al Sistema Ibèric. Igualment s´inclou dintre d´aquesta unitat geològica al treball de GUIMERÀ et altri (1992). Molts d´aquests sectors presenten també alineacions clarament ibèriques (NW-SE o WNW-ESE). Tot i així, en molts indrets es troben afectades per alineacions catalanes (NE-SW). per la qual cosa molts d´aquests indrets podrien incloure´s dintre de la denominada Zona d´Enllaç, situada entre les dues unitats geològiques inicialment esmentades.
Recorregut de recerca geològica i mineralògica per les comarques de l´Alcalatén i de Gúdar – Javalambre: des de Vistabella del Maestrat a Puertomingalvo
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim
Published: July 2015

Itinerari realitzat el dia 4 de maig del 2014. Aquest itinerari es desenvoluparà íntegrament per una de les unitats geològiques que constitueixen el País Valencià: concretament per la que ocupa la major part de la seva superfície, per la Serralada Ibèrica (i dintre d´aquesta pels sectors denominats Muntanyam de Castelló, d´acord amb el treball d´Oriol RIBA (1976). Igualment, el recorregut s´inclou dintre d´aquesta unitat geològica d´acord amb el treball de GUIMERÀ et altri (1992). També cal dir que per aquests sectors es presenten alineacions clarament ibèriques (NW-SE o WNW-ESE). Aquest conjunt, es troba constituït majoritàriament per relleus mesozoics (fonamentalment pertanyents al Cretàcic i al Juràssic), de naturalesa calcària, com succeeix al propi cim del Penyagolosa l´indret considerat com al més alt del País Valencià. Per d´altra banda, aquest recorregut es desenvoluparà a traves de dos comarques: així s´iniciarà a la de l´Alcalatén (una comarca valenciana de la Regió de Castelló) i finalitzarà a la de Gúdar – Javalambre (una comarca aragonesa de la Regió del Túria, de Teruel).
Recorrido geológico y minero por las comarcas del Alt Maestrat del Maestrazgo y de Gúdar Javalambre: desde la Pobla de Sant Miquel al Santuari de l´Estrella y a Mosqueruela
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim
Published: July 2015

Itinerario realitzado el dia 6 de Diciembre de 2014. En este caso, el presente itinerario se desarrollará totalmente por la denominada Rama Aragonesa de la Cordillera Ibérica. En este recorrido se irán encontrando afloramientos de los materiales mesozoicos (del Triásico, del Jurásico y del Cretácico, especialmente de este último). En concreto, el recorrido se realizará en buena parte por la denominada Cuenca del Maestrazgo. Los materiales antes mencionados se hallan levemente influenciados por las características la denominada Zona de Enlace de la Cordillera Ibérica con el Sistema Mediterráneo; aunque van a predominar las estructuras ibéricas (WNW-ESE) sobre las “catalanas” (NNE-SSW), al hallarnos plenamente dentro del dominio ibérico. Así, el recorrido del itinerario transitará, en buena parte, por la gran comarca histórica Maestrat-Maestrazgo, (coincidiendo en parte con la unidad geológica del mismo nombre). Aun así, el recorrido se efectuará por dos comarcas: por la del Alt Maestrat (de las tierras de Castellón) y por la de Gúdar – Javalambre (esta última de Teruel). Asimismo, se realizaran hijuelas por la comarca del Maestrazgo. Sin embargo, la totalidad del recorrido, como hemos dicho se sitúa dentro de la Cuenca del Maestrazgo y dentro del Maestrazgo Histórico.
Recorrido geológico, mineralógico y geográfico por las comarcas del Alt Maestrat y del Maestrazgo: desde Vilafranca del Cid a la Iglesuela del Cid, Cantavieja y al Puerto del Cuarto Pelado
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim
Published: July 2015

Itinerario realitzado el dia 7 de Diciembre de 2014. En este caso, el presente itinerario se desarrollará totalmente por la denominada Rama Aragonesa de la Cordillera Ibérica. En este recorrido se irán encontrando afloramientos de los materiales mesozoicos (del Triásico, del Jurásico y del Cretácico, especialmente de este último). En concreto, el recorrido se realizará en buena parte por la denominada Cuenca del Maestrazgo. Los materiales antes mencionados se hallan levemente influenciados por las características la denominada Zona de Enlace de la Cordillera Ibérica con el Sistema Mediterráneo; aunque en todos los casos van a predominar las estructuras de dirección ibérica (WNW-ESE) sobre las de direcciones “catalanas” (NNE-SSW), al hallarnos plenamente dentro del dominio ibérico. Así, el recorrido del itinerario transitará, en buena parte, por la gran comarca histórica Maestrat-Maestrazgo, (coincidiendo generalmente con la unidad geológica del mismo nombre). Aun así, la mayor parte de recorrido se efectuará por una sola comarca: la del Maestrazgo; sin embargo, se iniciará en la comarca castellonense del Alt Maestrat (integrante del Maestrat – Maestrazgo histórico).