bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Molecular Modeling of Novel Substituted Pyridazinones and their Vasorelaxant Activities
Authors: Ismail Magda M.F. , Soliman Dalia H.S. , Elmoniem Mona H. Abd , Jaleel Gehad A.R. Abdel
Published: March 2020

Background:

Hypertension, one of the most common cardiovascular diseases that can
cause coronary disease, stroke, myocardial infarction, and sudden death, it is the major contributor to
cardiac failure as well as renal insufficiency.

Objectives:

As there are many cardio-active pyridazinone-base derivatives in clinical use, therefore,
we aimed to synthesize a new series of pyridazin-3-ones and evaluate their vasorelaxant activity.

Methods:

A new series of synthesized compounds were carried out first by the synthesis of 6-
flouroarylpyridazinones by cyclization of 3-(4-flourobenzoyl) propionic acid with hydrazine hydrate
or arylhydrazines to provide the corresponding pyridazinone derivatives 2a-d. Mannich reaction was
performed using morpholine or piperidine formaldehyde to obtain compounds 3a,b. On the other
hand, reaction of 2a with various chloroacetamide intermediates, in dimethylformamide and potassium
carbonate as a catalyst, afforded the target compounds 5a-c. The aromatic acid hydrazide intermediates
6a-g were prepared in 50-90% yield, by reacting to the prepared esters with hydrazine
hydrate under reflux in ethanol. The two compounds 8a,b were prepared via condensation of 7a,b
with ethyl chloroacetate in dry acetone. Finally, the target 2,4,6-trisubstituted pyridazinones 9a-c
derivatives were obtained by the reaction of 7a with the appropriate aromatic aldehyde or substituted
acetophenones. The new compounds were then evaluated for their vasorelaxant properties using
isolated thoracic rat aortic rings. In addition, a homology model was built and molecular modeling
simulation of these compounds into the active sites of the newly created α1a-adrenoceptor model was
performed in order to predict and rationalize their affinities toward this receptor.

Results:

Among these compounds; 5a was the most potent, it exhibited approximately two-times the
activity of prazosin (IC50 = 0.250, 0.487 mmol, respectively) also, fourteen compounds were more
potent than prazosin.
Comparative Analysis of the Compression and Uplift Bearing Characteristics of PHC Pipe Pile on the Same Site
Authors: Shengxi Su , Jihui Ding , Meng Yan
Published: March 2020

Introduction:

The analysis of single pile behavior is an important foundation for the analysis of group pile foundation and other complex pile foundations.

Methods:

Based on the analysis of the load transfer of the compression pile and the uplift pile, the DoseResp model is used to fit the normalized load transfer function.

Results:

The results show that the load transfer function of the uplift pile and the compression pile has similar characteristics, the goodness of fit of the DoseResp model to the test data is greater than 0.99, which can better reflect the load transfer law of the pile. The fitting parameters in the DoseResp model mainly depend on the end resistance sharing ratio, A2 (Top asymptote)is independent of pile type and soil property parameters and is close to 1. The DoseResp model is applied to the PHC pipe pile, and the method to determine the parameters of the model fitting is proposed, which can accurately determine the side resistance distribution of PHC compression and uplift pipe pile along the pile body. Under the same load, the amount of uplift on the top of the uplift pile is significantly greater than the settlement on the top of the compression pile.

Conclusion:

The end resistance sharing ratio of the compression pile and the uplift pile is between 5.76 and 12.80. The ultimate bearing capacity of the compression pile is 3.61 ~ 3.81 times of that of the uplift pile under the same geometric parameters.
The Psychoanalytic-Interactional Method (PiM) for Adolescents with Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Streeck-Fischer Annette , Logé Charline , Salzer Simone
Published: March 2020

Background:

Studies have shown the practicality of diagnosing borderline personality
disorder (BPD) in children from the age of 12 years (cf. ICD-11, DSM-5). Research
in the psychodynamic therapy of adolescents with BPD has been rare to date, however, there
do exist some studies on the efficacy and effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy in adults
with borderline personality disorder.

Methods:

We adapted the psychoanalytic-interactional method (PiM), originally developed
in the treatment of severely disturbed adults, to the conditions of adolescents diagnosed with
borderline personality disorder or structural deficits. Randomized controlled trial in an inpatient
setting (Salzer et al., 2013; Salzer et al., 2014) showed that PIM is efficacious for adolescents
with BPD symptoms. We describe the approach to treatment in detail.

Results:

The results of the therapeutic study and the short case vignette show that PiM is a
useful method in both inpatient and outpatient treatment and meets the specific requirements
of adolescent treatment.
A Rare Case of Large Impacted Stone in Jejunum Causing Obstruction in a Patient of Gallstone Ileus
Authors: Wani Dawood Iqbal , Parihar Satish , Prabhakar Ankit , Digra Nasib Chand , Wani Ab Hamid
Published: March 2020

Gallstone ileus is a rare complication of cholelithiasis that occurs as a result of occlusion of the intestinal lumen by a large sized gallstone accounting for 1-4% cases of small bowel obstruction. The aim of this work is to introduce a case report that emphasize the diagnostic and therapeutic management of gallstone ileus with an enterolith impacted in jejunum (an uncommon site).
Thrombophilia as a Risk Factor for Thrombosis
Authors: Henyk Stepan , Symchych Anton , Voloshyn Maryana
Published: March 2020

The review article presents a contemporary view on the most common causes of hereditary and acquired thrombophilias and their role in the development of venous and arterial thromboses. The examination of patients in accordance with modern requirements consists in determining the causes and risk factors for blood clot formation, as well as implementing secondary prevention of recurrent thrombosis. Analysis of genetic and acquired hemostatic disorders allows us to identify a group of patients who require long-term anticoagulant therapy and mandatory anticoagulant prophylaxis in cases involving a high risk of thromboembolic complications.
Examining the Self-Harm and Suicide Contagion Effects of the Blue Whale Challenge on YouTube and Twitter: Qualitative Study
Authors: Khasawneh Amro , Chalil Madathil Kapil , Dixon Emma , Wiśniewski Pamela , Zinzow Heidi , Roth Rebecca
Published: March 2020

Background

Research suggests that direct exposure to suicidal behaviors and acts of self-harm through social media may increase suicidality through imitation and modeling, particularly in more vulnerable populations. One example of a social media phenomenon that demonstrates how self-harming behavior could potentially be propagated is the blue whale challenge.

Objective

This paper aimed to investigate the way individuals portray the blue whale challenge on social media, with an emphasis on factors that could pose a risk to vulnerable populations.

Methods

We first used a thematic analysis approach to code 60 publicly posted YouTube videos, 1112 comments on those videos, and 150 Twitter posts that explicitly referenced the blue whale challenge. We then deductively coded the YouTube videos based on the Suicide Prevention Resource Center (SPRC) safe messaging guidelines as a metric for the contagion risk associated with each video.

Results

The thematic analysis revealed that social media users post about the blue whale challenge to raise awareness and discourage participation, express sorrow for the participants, criticize the participants, or describe a relevant experience. The deductive coding of the YouTube videos showed that most of the videos violated at least 50% of the SPRC safe and effective messaging guidelines.

Conclusions

These posts might have the problematic effect of normalizing the blue whale challenge through repeated exposure, modeling, and reinforcement of self-harming and suicidal behaviors, especially among vulnerable populations such as adolescents. More effort is needed to educate social media users and content generators on safe messaging guidelines and factors that encourage versus discourage contagion effects.
Improving Self-Care in Patients With Coexisting Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension by Technological Surrogate Nursing: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Or Calvin Kalun , Liu Kaifeng , So Mike K P , Cheung Bernard , Yam Loretta Y C , Tiwari Agnes , Lau Yuen Fun Emmy , Lau Tracy , Hui Pui Sze Grace , Cheng Hop Chun , Tan Joseph , Cheung Michael Tow
Published: March 2020

Background

Technological surrogate nursing (TSN) derives from the idea that nurse-caregiver substitutes can be created by technology to support chronic disease self-care.

Objective

This paper begins by arguing that TSN is a useful and viable approach to chronic disease self-care. The analysis then focuses on the empirical research question of testing and demonstrating the effectiveness and safety of prototype TSN supplied to patients with the typical complex chronic disease of coexisting type 2 diabetes and hypertension. At the policy level, it is shown that the data allow for a calibration of TSN technology augmentation, which can be readily applied to health care management.

Methods

A 24-week, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial (RCT) was designed and implemented among diabetic and hypertensive outpatients in two Hong Kong public hospitals. Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention group, supplied with a tablet-based TSN app prototype, or to a conventional self-managing control group. Primary indices—hemoglobin A1c, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure—and secondary indices were measured at baseline and at 8, 12, 16, and 24 weeks after initiation, after which the data were applied to test TSN effectiveness and safety.

Results

A total of 299 participating patients were randomized to the intervention group (n=151) or the control group (n=148). Statistically significant outcomes that directly indicated TSN effectiveness in terms of hemoglobin 1c were found in both groups but not with regard to systolic and diastolic blood pressure. These findings also offered indirect empirical support for TSN safety. Statistically significant comparative changes in these primary indices were not observed between the groups but were suggestive of an operational calibration of TSN technology augmentation. Statistically significant changes in secondary indices were obtained in one or both groups, but not between the groups.

Conclusions

The RCT’s strong behavioral basis, as well as the importance of safety and effectiveness when complex chronic illness is proximately self-managed by layperson patients, prompted the formulation of the empirical joint hypothesis that TSN would improve patient self-care while satisfying the condition of patient self-safety. Statistical and decision analysis applied to the experimental outcomes offered support for this hypothesis. Policy relevance of the research is demonstrated by the derivation of a data-grounded operational calibration of TSN technology augmentation with ready application to health care management.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02799953; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02799953
Patient Portal Barriers and Group Differences: Cross-Sectional National Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Turner Kea , Clary Alecia , Hong Young-Rock , Alishahi Tabriz Amir , Shea Christopher M
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND

Past studies examining barriers to patient portal adoption have been conducted with a small number of patients and health care settings, limiting generalizability.

OBJECTIVE

This study had the following two objectives: (1) to assess the prevalence of barriers to patient portal adoption among nonadopters and (2) to examine the association between nonadopter characteristics and reported barriers in a nationally representative sample.

METHODS

Data from this study were obtained from the 2019 Health Information National Trends Survey. We calculated descriptive statistics to determine the most prevalent barriers and conducted multiple variable logistic regression analysis to examine which characteristics were associated with the reported barriers.

RESULTS

The sample included 4815 individuals. Among these, 2828 individuals (58.73%) had not adopted a patient portal. Among the nonadopters (n=2828), the most prevalent barriers were patient preference for in-person communication (1810/2828, 64.00%), no perceived need for the patient portal (1385/2828, 48.97%), and lack of comfort and experience with computers (735/2828, 25.99%). Less commonly, individuals reported having no patient portal (650/2828, 22.98%), no internet access (650/2828, 22.98%), privacy concerns (594/2828, 21.00%), difficulty logging on (537/2828, 18.99%), and multiple patient portals (255/2828, 9.02%) as barriers. Men had significantly lower odds of indicating a preference for speaking directly to a provider compared with women (odds ratio [OR] 0.75, 95% CI 0.60-0.94; P=.01). Older age (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.02; P<.001), having a chronic condition (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.44-2.33; P<.001), and having an income lower than US $20,000 (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.11-2.34; P=.01) were positively associated with indicating a preference for speaking directly to a provider. Hispanic individuals had significantly higher odds of indicating that they had no need for a patient portal (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.24-2.05; P<.001) compared with non-Hispanic individuals. Older individuals (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.04-1.06; P<.001), individuals with less than a high school diploma (OR 3.15, 95% CI 1.79-5.53; P<.001), and individuals with a household income of less than US $20,000 (OR 2.78, 95% CI 1.88-4.11; P<.001) had significantly higher odds of indicating that they were uncomfortable with a computer.

CONCLUSIONS

The most common barriers to patient portal adoption are preference for in-person communication, not having a need for the patient portal, and feeling uncomfortable with computers, which are barriers that are modifiable and can be intervened upon. Patient characteristics can help predict which patients are most likely to experience certain barriers to patient portal adoption. Further research is needed to tailor implementation approaches based on patients’ needs and preferences.
Coronavirus: Symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention (Preprint)
Authors: Hossain Dr Mosharaf , Mat Min Ruhani
Published: March 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

People from all over the world are plagued by the pandemic coronavirus. The virus, which has already spread from China to other world, has already taken away numerous fresh lives. The number of victims is increasing with the shift. People around the world are already taking precautions against the virus. The busiest world has become almost silent. People are now house bound because of coronas. Spend quality time with your family without listening to rumors, adhering to hygiene: now there is a lot of publicity, propaganda and various rumors flying through the streets. Don't listen to rumors. Spend enough time with family. Live a healthy life, do not stop for routine things such as sleep, timely take meals, exercise at home, eat a balanced and safe diet, drink enough water, sleep on time, exercise lightly and adhere to the recommended hygiene. Avoid smoking, drinking alcohol or drugs.
Humanity education in dental clinical training conducted with Wechat or and Tencent meeting app: the case-based practice (Preprint)
Authors: Xia Xinyu , He Hong , Deng Xiaotong , Liu Chuanxia , Hu Jun , Chen Qianming
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND

In the dental clinical training, humanity education plays a very important role, but tutors often attach importance to the training of knowledge and practice skills, while neglecting humanity education.

OBJECTIVE

To facilitate treatment effect, humanity plays a very important role during clinical activity. The purpose of the study is to introduce a new way integrating the humanity sense into dental clinical practice training performed via Wechat or and Tencent meeting app.

METHODS

WeChat and Tencent meeting or Dingding app are applications used for regularly daily communication and learning by wifi or 4G network. We carry out humanity education by Wechat or and Tecent meeting or Dingding app in dental clinical training applying a mode of "tutors briefly present cases, students discuss, and teachers give comments or implements or answers".

RESULTS

Students gain humanistic insights in case sharing and discussion.

CONCLUSIONS

Any group resolved and fulfilled goals successfully, humanity education in dental clinical training is conducted well through the WeChat, Tencent meeting and Dingding app same as any meeting activities. Related applications have also played an important role in home office, work for any team or agency, and online learning during the epidemic period of the COVID-19.
Trend Analysis of Maximum and Minimum Temperature over Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Diagi B. E. , Peace Nwaerema , Susan Ajiere
Published: March 2020

This study examined the trend in annual maximum and minimum temperature data in Ebonyi State using data collected from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency of Nigeria. The aim is to reveal the spatial and temporal variation in maximum and minimum temperature from 1984-2015. The study made use of statistical tool like linear regression to depict the trend in annual maximum and minimum temperature over time. Results indicate that maximum temperature possesses steepness in slope of 0.0046? and minimum temperature 0.002?. The maximum temperature equation shows a positive time trend which suggests that maximum temperature of Ebonyi State of Nigeria tends to increase over time. Decadal analysis of the climate variable revealed that the 1994-2003 decade has the highest maximum temperature followed by 2004-2015 decade and then 1984-1993. This shows that the 1984-1993 decade was cooler than the later decade which is a pointer to the increasing temperature being experienced in form of global warming with its attendant environmental consequences. The study therefore recommends that proactive measure like making accurate and appropriate weather and climate data available for planning should be encouraged by all to mitigate these consequences especially on population whose livelihood depends on agriculture that is temperature sensitive.
Discourse Analysis toward News Texts on Fire Extinguishing Service of Kupang City in the Printed Mass Media of Timor Express
Authors: Lema Ratna Katharina
Published: March 2020

This article examines news text on fire extinguishing of Kupang city in Timor Express to analyze its macro structure, super structure, micro structure and to describe the cognition and social context realized in it. I collected the data by taking the news texts of Timor Express purposively. Additionally I interviewed the editorial chief of the electronic mass media of the Timor Express to verify the data accuracy and to reach a deep understanding in enabling to provide details of the cognition and social contexts implicitly realised in the news text construction on fire extinguishing in the printed mass media of Timor Express. Results showed that the text structure of the Kupang City fire extinguishing service in Timor Express daily news consists of macro-structure, super-structure, and micro-structure. For the level of superstructure, in general Timor Express formulates headlines followed by leads consisting of script elements, which can be identified as: what, when, and who elements. Meanwhile, element why and how elements are in the news content (story). Macro structure is a thematic form of the Kupang city fire extinguishing service news text. The micro structure consists of semantics, syntactic, stylistic, rhetoric. In the microstructure of the news of the Kupang City fire service, the use of words that pointed to or reinforced news messages about the fire disaster that received fire services for the City of Kupang was found. In terms of social cognition, the aspect is realized in the form of journalists' mental awareness of a fire disaster that received services from the Kupang City fire service department. Timor Express journalists consider that fire is an unpredictable humanitarian disaster whose effects bring material losses in life. The social context relates to how a meaning is shared together. In accordance with the news text of the fire extinguishing service contains news of a fire accident and getting fire services from Kupang City.
Taboo Words in 21 Jump Street Movie
Authors: Kusumaningsih Desak Gede Yulia
Published: March 2020

The aim of this research is to classify the kinds, functions of taboo words, and the factors which cause the characters use the taboo words in the movie. Data were analyzed by using taboo words theory by Michael Swan and factors underlying cursing theory by Timothy Jay. The data were taken from 21 Jump Street movie. In this research, library research method is used in analyzing taboo words in 21 Jump Street movie. The procedures of the research are: first, the movie is watched and the topics for the paper are found. Second, the theory in the books and internet are found. Third, the movie script is searched and the taboo words are classified. The last, the taboo words in 21 Jump Street movie are discussed and analyzed by using Michael Swan and Timothy Jay theories. Based on the result of the analysis, there are three kinds of taboo word that found in 21 Jump Street movie: (1) religion, (2) private parts of the body and sexual activity, and (3) lavatory. Private parts of the body and sexual activity has the biggest number of occurrence, while the smallest number of taboo words’ kind is religion. There are six functions of using taboo words that I found in the movie. They are: insult, exclamation of annoyance, surprised question, exclamation of surprise, emphasize an emotion, and miscellaneous. The most appeared function is to insult and the smallest is as a surprised question. Furthermore, the reason of the characters in 21 Jump Street movie to used taboo words are based on the situation and context. On the other hand, there are three reasons of using taboo words which found in the movie, such as psychological condition, social class, and ethnic group. Psychological condition has the biggest number of occurrence, while the smallest is social class.
Holy Union in modern Russian historiography
Authors: Zhidkova Oxana Vital'evna , Popova Elena Anatol'evna
Published: March 2020

The article analyzes the research of modern Russian historians on the problems associated with the emergence, activity and signiﬁcance of the Holy Union as an interstate Association of the ﬁrst half of the XIX century. The study, analysis and evaluation of the Holy Union were engaged in scientists and pre-revolutionary and Soviet periods. But their conclusions were largely determined by the political and ideological features of the two periods of the Russian state. The modern Russian historiography of the Holy Union is characterized by the rejection of both the assessments of historians of tsarist Russia praising Imperial decisions and those explaining the activities of the Holy Union from the reactionary positions of historians of the Soviet period. At the present stage of Russian historical science, due to the absence of ideological restrictions and the involvement of a wide range of archival sources, scientists continue to study the Holy Alliance as an integral part of the Vienna system of international relations of the first half of the XIX century, and as an independent Association of European States. At the same time, in the works of Russian scientists, the Holy Union is considered and evaluated the personal and religious factors of this organization.
“The Crimean war in the collective memory”: modern Western European historiography of the Crimean campaign of 1853-1856
Authors: De Bollivier Marc
Published: March 2020

The article analyzes the modern Western historiography of the Crimean war of 1853-1856. The authors refer to problems and issues that prevail in the French and British studies of the events of 1853-1856. In the Western historiographical tradition based on researches of the XIX-XX centuries, still remain insuﬃciently explored aspects of the Crimean war, for example, the siege of Sevastopol, military operations in the Baltic and White seas, in the Paciﬁc ocean, in the Caucasus. Despite the obvious trend existing in modern European science, associated with the study of the Crimean campaign in the context of the ﬁrst pan-European war, the attention of historians of Western Europe is more focused on the study of the First world war. However, in recent years there has been a clear interest of French, English and Italian authors to the Black sea region, to the history of the Crimea and, as a consequence, to the Crimean campaign. Generalization of modern experience of historiography of the Crimean war allows to deﬁne prospects for further researches.
Russia and China as Viewed by Russian and Chinese Youth
Authors: Sorokina Anna A. , Maximenkova Marina S.
Published: March 2020

Russia-China relations are a major research focus in international relations, yet few studies have so far addressed the issue of how the two nations view each other. This study seeks to contribute to closing this gap by focusing on how college-age millennials perceive the counterpart country. We have selected students who have had experience studying abroad, namely Chinese students who have studied in Russia and Russian students who have studied in China. Our findings are based on the analysis of 150 in-depth qualitative narrative interviews conducted with Chinese and Russian students (75 in each group). The study demonstrates that ethnocentric stereotypes prevail and both groups engage in cultural ‘othering’. Meanwhile, students from both countries perceive Russian President Vladimir Putin as a central determining factor in shaping Russia-China relations.
The Evolution of Populism in South America: Was J. Bolsonaro’s Victory in the 2018 Brazilian Presidential Election a Precedent or a Model for the Region?
Authors: Ivanov Vladimir G.
Published: March 2020

The article analyzes the election campaign, public discourse, and policies of J. Bolsonaro as the President of Brazil. The new President represents the model of an irreconcilable right-wing populist who focuses on US foreign policy. Bolsonaro’s rise to power came amid the crisis of left-wing populism in Brazil. The article raises the question: whether Bolsonaro’s victory is a remarkable case or a new effective model of public policy and political leadership for Brazil and other countries in the region? The author concludes that it depends largely on J. Bolsonaro’s success as the President. At the moment, the interim results of his presidency are highly controversial and continue to divide and polarize Brazilian society.
Tatiana G. Stefanenko’s Contribution to the Development of Ethnopsychology at RUDN University: Inspiring Leadership
Authors: Novikova Irina A. , Maslova Olga V.
Published: March 2020

The article describes Tatiana G. Stefanenko’s cooperation with teachers and students of the Social and Differential Psychology Department of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), the most international university in Russia. The authors focus on contribution of T.G. Stefanenko’s contribution to the development of ethnopsychological science and practice at the RUDN University: teaching ethnopsychology, conducting intercultural competence trainings, organising joint scientific research on the intercultural adaptation of international students and other ethnopsychological problems.
The Teacher and Scientific Mum: Dedicated to the Memory of Tatiana G. Stefanenkо
Authors: Kupavskaya Aleksandra S.
Published: March 2020

The article is dedicated to the memory of Tatiana G. Stefanenko, Professor of the Faculty of Psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, the teacher and the friend, and talking about the way she influenced and inspired the new generation of crosscultural psychologists on personal and professional levels.
The Ethos of Intractable Interethnic Conflict: Research Approaches and Prospects
Authors: Golynchik Elena O.
Published: March 2020

The present article deals with the concept of ‘ethos’ as applied to intractable interethnic conflicts - this topic has hardly ever been addressed in Russian scientific literature. The ethos of conflict is defined as a system of social beliefs and myths shared by a large group of people involved in a long-term intractable conflict and closely connected with the history of the conflict that dominates in this society, i.e. the collective memory of it. The concept of ‘intractable interethnic conflict’ was introduced into Russian psychology by T.G. Stefanenko, who began to study the phenomenology of such conflicts at the Department of Social Psychology of Lomonosov Moscow State University. Following the line, the article introduces the reader to modern research in this area. In the first part of the work, the author gives a definition of an intractable conflict, analyzes D. Bar-Tal’s theory of the ethos of conflict and describes methods for studying it applied in foreign social psychology. The author also describes the content of eight topics, around which the beliefs that make up the ethos of conflict are grouped. The second part of the article deals with the critics of contemporary ethos of conflict researches and new approaches to this phenomenon. The following three current trends in studying the ethos of conflict are highlighted: the first one is associated with an attempt to explain the ethos of conflict stability within the categories of J. Jost’s system justification theory (SJT); the second one is based on the assumption that the beliefs of members of a conflicting group are not uniform; therefore, it is important to study not only the prevailing social point of view on the conflict but also alternative views of minor or even outsider groups (rather opposing the ethos), because it is often an alternative view that can help out of a seemingly insoluble situation; and the last one is connected with research at the intersection of the phenomenology of the ethos of conflict and collective memory.
Cross-Cultural Neuropsychology: History and Prospects
Authors: Ardila Alfredo
Published: March 2020

It is proposed that cross-cultural neuropsychology analyzes the influence of cultural variables on cognition from a neurological perspective. It includes three major questions: 1. How are current neuropsychological tests affected by the cultural conditions? (2) Are there differences in the brain organization of cognition depending upon the culture? (3) How is brain pathology manifested in different cultural contexts? A history of cross-cultural neuropsychology is presented emphasizing that the interest in cultural issues is observed since the very beginning of neuropsychology. An analysis of culture is introduced, explaining how culture has been interpreted in different ways, but can be understood as the specific way of living of a human group. Further, it is discussed why culture is important in neuropsychology, followed by an analysis of some cultural variables. Special emphasis in schooling, considering that education represents a major variable affecting the performance in diverse cognitive tests. Several illustrative examples of research in cross-cultural neuropsychology are finally presented.
Review of Mustajoki, Arto Samuel, Ekaterina Protassova and Maria N. Yelenevskaya (eds.). 2020. The Soft Power of the Russian Language. Plucentricity, Politics and Policies. Abingdon: Routledge. ISBN 9780367183660
Authors: Zabrodskaja Anastassia N.
Published: March 2020

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Speech Etiquette in Online Communities: Medialinguistics Analysis
Authors: Duskaeva Liliya Rashidovna
Published: March 2020

The article deals with the peculiarities of communicative politeness in the poorly investigated sphere of Russian-language communication focusing specifically on online groups. The purpose of the article is to identify the ways and means used in this environment for the organization of polite communication. A distinctive feature of the author’s research approach is the analysis of etiquette in the context of a dialogue, which means not only the analysis of the rules of stimulus, but also the rules of reaction, which corresponds to the systematic approach as a general principle of media linguistics (as a research method). The article defines speech etiquette as a system of norms and rules of polite speech behavior, the observance of which ensures the existence of the online community. The study allows us to conclude that the communicative tactics of etiquette in online groups are as follows: a) the participant’s inclusion into the community is regulated; b) bans on some forms of speech behavior are established and sanctions for violations of bans are imposed; c) high communicative status is provided to the author in different ways and freedom for creative self-expression is guaranteed to each participant; d) on the one hand, the establishment of contacts with a partner suitable in one or another parameter is stimulated, on the other hand, the degree of the partners’ proximity is regulated in accordance with the wish of its initiator; e) the opportunity to give/receive a response to a particular activity of the communication initiator is provided. These setups are implemented via a variety of resources, including both technical and speech means of address and response. Netiquette, drawings and images help to ensure emotional comfort. An adequate communicative distance is supported by abbreviations used in speech and understood only by the group members, by creating an adequate balance in the use of elevated and low stylistic means, in the use of methods creating a comic effect. Following speech etiquette rules is promoted by a kind of communication sanitation, which is carried out by the group administrator and the participants themselves. Participants use a metatext, which demonstrates the reflection of the group participants’ speech activity. The existing rules in online communities are aimed at making communication emotionally comfortable, ensuring easy navigation, neutralization of aggression, and prevention of speech crimes, encouraging the users to demonstrate courtesy and display attention to one another.
'Walter L. Hixson's 'Parting the Curtain: Propaganda, Culture, and the Cold Wac 1945-1961 '
Authors: Thomsen Christen K.
Published: March 2020

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Joel Pfister and Nancy Schnog (eds): Inventing the Psychological: Toward a Cultural History of Emotional Life in America'
Authors: Juncker Clara
Published: March 2020

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Alan Shima and Hans Lofgren (eds): American Studies in the Nordic Countries.
Authors: Øverland Orm
Published: March 2020

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Poul Houe and Sven Hakon Rossel (eds): Images of America in Scandinavia
Authors: Øverland Orm
Published: March 2020

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Mick Gidley's 'Edward S. Curtis and the North American Indian, Incorporated'
Authors: Duncan Russell
Published: March 2020

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Valerie J. Matsumoto and Blake Allmendinger (eds.): 'Over the Edge: Remappiizg the American West'
Authors: Cawelti John G.
Published: March 2020

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Helle Porsdam: 'Legally Speaking: Contemporary American Culture and the Law'
Authors: Pennington Jody
Published: March 2020

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Pesquisa científica escolar no ensino fundamental: relatos de uma experiência
Authors: Oliveira Victor Hugo Nedel
Published: March 2020

A pesquisa científica na escola básica constitui importante instrumento de trabalho que possibilita tanto aos estudantes, quanto aos professores, ampliar os horizontes das tarefas pedagógicas e dos processos de autonomia na construção dos conhecimentos. Este texto objetiva-se em relatar uma experiência de orientação de pesquisa científica na escola, a partir da descrição dos antecedentes das investigações, dos movimentos metodológicos das pesquisas e das conclusões obtidas com a realização das atividades. Colocam-se os alunos participantes do grupo de orientação de pesquisa não apenas na condição de sujeitos, mas na condição de sujeitos-pesquisadores, o que os coloca, também, em posição de autoria. Considera-se que a reflexão a partir da prática pedagógica constitui-se como importante agente de formação e reflexão do trabalho docente.
Iniciação Científica na segunda metade dos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental: percursos da Equipe de Professores do Projeto PIXEL do Colégio de Aplicação da UFRGS
Authors: Albertoni Vivian Ignes , Garcia Rosane Nunes , Arend Felipe Lohmann , Rocha Michel Zózimo da , Brum Luciana , Serres Fabiana , Mattos Eduardo Britto Velho de , Cavalcante Rita De Cássia , Nodari Karen , Mello Maíra , Lopes Gabriela Hoffmann , Brunet Clarissa , Damaceno Taiane , Jordam Ivonne , Ramos Ingrid Frank de , Câmara Marcelo Argenta , Grings Ana Francisca Schneider
Published: March 2020

Este relato de experiência tem como objetivo apresentar como foi constituído e como estrutura-se atualmente o componente curricular Iniciação Científica (IC) no Projeto PIXEL, que abrange a segunda metade dos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental no Colégio de Aplicação (CAp) da UFRGS. O trabalho na IC organiza-se a partir de um planejamento semanal da equipe de professores, o que possibilitou uma série de reflexões e práticas neste componente curricular. O trabalho com a IC oportuniza o desenvolvimento de competências gerais em ambos os anos (8° e 9°) de seu desenvolvimento. São elas: a argumentação, a autonomia, a autoria, a cooperação e a colaboração e a resolução de problemas. Essas competências são essenciais à IC e servem de referência para criar os critérios de avaliação, não somente desse componente curricular, mas de todos os demais componentes do Projeto de Ensino PIXEL. A IC ocorre em quatro períodos semanais e seus projetos são desenvolvidos ao longo de um semestre. Eles culminam em produções escritas estruturadas – em formatos de reportagem científica para os 8ºs anos, e com formatos diversos, que incluem desde relatórios até manuais para os 9ºs. Ambos os anos se envolvem em Mostras de Trabalhos, nas quais os estudantes apresentam seus processos de pesquisa utilizando-se dos mais diversos recursos, fazendo a devolutiva da investigação para a comunidade. O trabalho da IC na escola não se trata, portanto, de uma aula que propõe situações-problema hipotéticas na expectativa de que os estudantes encontrem a resposta “correta”, mas sim, de criar propostas em que a complexidade e a diversidade do mundo se evidenciem, sejam parte do problema e de suas possíveis soluções. Os resultados que temos observado a partir do que é desenvolvido na IC do PIXEL, mostram o desenvolvimento de aprendizagens que permitem ao estudante a busca de informações e verificação de fontes, que façam comparações, que defendam seu ponto de vista e que elaborem estratégias e conclusões. A IC do PIXEL é uma proposta de ensino e de aprendizagem que ressignifica o papel do professor, aproximando-o dos estudantes, pois coloca-o na posição de orientador – aquele que tem experiência de pesquisa – e também de pesquisador – aquele que aprende sobre os temas ao longo do trabalho com cada estudante.
Study of barium titanate/nickel-zinc ferrite based composites: Electrical and magnetic properties and humidity sensitivity
Authors: Vijatovic-Petrovic Mirjana , Dzunuzovic Adis , Bobic Jelena , Ilic Nikola , Stijepovic Ivan , Stojanovic Biljana
Published: March 2020

Composites based on barium titanate and nickel zinc ferrite doped with cooper
and samarium were prepared by a mixing method. The formation of barium
titanate tetragonal crystal structure and nickel zinc ferrite cubic spinel
structure was identified. Polygonal grains were formed in all three types of
ceramics. Due to the very high conductivity of ferrite phase in the
materials the ferroelectric hysteresis loops were roundish and not typical
for classical ferroelectric material. The break down field was found to be
similar for all compositions. Leakage current measurements have shown the
existence of different types of conductivity mechanisms in each material.
The impedance analysis suggested a bit stronger impact of grain boundaries
on total conductivity of the composites and the mechanism of polaronic
conduction of two types. The magnetization of the composites is lower than
for the pure ferrite phase and corresponds to the weight fraction of the
ferrite phase. The soft magnetic nature of these composites might be very
useful for development of multifunctional devices which will be able to
switch the magnetization with small external magnetic field. Humidity
sensing properties of the prepared ceramics were also investigated.
Low-temperature sintering of sodium beta alumina ceramics using nanosized SnO2 sintering aid
Authors: Ahmadi Moghadam , Paydar Mohammad
Published: March 2020

Sodium beta alumina ceramics (Na1.67Al10.67Li0.33O17) is used in sodium
sulphur batteries as solid electrolyte. In the present work, sodium beta
alumina powder has been synthesized by the solid state method using Al2O3,
Na2CO3 and Li2CO3 as the starting materials. The effect of nanosized SnO2
additive on sintering behaviour, microstructure, mechanical and electrical
properties of sodium beta alumina ceramics has been investigated. The
results indicated that the addition of 1mol% of nanosized SnO2 particles,
determined as the optimal amount, can decrease the sintering temperature of
sodium beta alumina ceramics for about 100?C, and lead to the excellent
densification and proper microstructure, as well. Improvement in sintering
behaviour of beta alumina ceramics in the presence of nanosized SnO2
additive is apparently due to the formation of a liquid phase during the
sintering process and lower sodium loss. The results also proved that by
SnO2 addition, ionic conductivity at 300?C, fracture strength and Weibull
modulus of the sintered samples are improved by 66%, 58%, and 45%,
respectively. These improvements could be attributed to the higher amount of
???-Al2O3 phase, higher density and more uniform microstructure.
Luminescence properties of Eu3+ activated Y2MoO6 powders calcined at different temperatures
Authors: Stankovic Nadezda , Nikolic Marko , Jelenkovic Branislav , Daneu Nina , Maletaskic Jelena , Prekajski-Ðordjevic Marija , Matovic Branko
Published: March 2020

In the last decade, an immense progress has been made in white LEDs, mainly
due to the development of red-emitting phosphors. In this paper, we report
on the synthesis of Eu3+ activated Y2MoO6 by a self-initiated and
self-sustained method. The obtained powder was calcined at various
temperatures in the 600-1400?C range and examined by X-ray diffraction
(XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy
(TEM) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The results revealed that all
powders are single phase Y2MoO6:Eu3+, with particle size in the nanorange at
lower treatment temperatures (600 and 800?C) and in the microrange at
higher calcination temperatures (1000-1400?C). The obtained powders are
promising materials for white light-emitting diodes as they can efficiently
absorb energy in 324-425 nm region (near-UV to blue light region) and emit
at 611 nm in the red region of the spectrum, while exhibiting high thermal
and chemical stability.
How a Shared Auditor Affects Firm-Pair Comparability: Implications of Both Firm and Individual Audit Styles
Authors: Jiu Lili , Liu Bin , Liu Yuanyuan
Published: March 2020

In this study, we examine the roles of audit firms and individual auditors in improving financial statement comparability. We conduct the study in the Chinese setting, in which the identities of signing auditors are revealed in audit reports and accounting standards are principle based. After controlling for audit firm style, we find that firm pairs with shared signing auditors have incrementally greater comparability. Our results indicate that individual auditors exhibit their own personal style in implementing accounting standards and exercising professional judgment in the audit process. Overall, our study underscores the association between individual auditors and comparability, with practical implications for market participants and policymakers.
Consequences of Going-Concern Opinion Inaccuracy at the Audit Office Level
Authors: Xu Qiao , Kalelkar Rachana
Published: March 2020

This paper examines whether inaccurate going-concern opinions negatively affect the audit office's reputation. Assuming that clients perceive the incidence of going-concern opinion errors as a systematic audit quality concern within the entire audit office, we expect these inaccuracies to impact the audit office market share and dismissal rate. We find that going-concern opinion inaccuracy is negatively associated with the audit office market share and is positively associated with the audit office dismissal rate. Furthermore, we find that the decline in market share and the increase in dismissal rate are primarily associated with Type I errors. Additional analyses reveal that the negative consequence of going-concern opinion inaccuracy is lower for Big 4 audit offices. Finally, we find that the decrease in the audit office market share is explained by the distressed clients' reactions to Type I errors and audit offices' lack of ability to attract new clients.
Central KATP Channels Modulate Glucose Effectiveness in Humans and Rodents
Authors: Carey Michelle , Lontchi-Yimagou Eric , Mitchell William , Reda Sarah , Zhang Kehao , Kehlenbrink Sylvia , Koppaka Sudha , Maginley Sylvan Roger , Aleksic Sandra , Bhansali Shobhit , Huffman Derek M. , Hawkins Meredith
Published: March 2020

Hyperglycemia is a potent regulator of endogenous glucose production (EGP). Loss of this “glucose effectiveness” is a major contributor to elevated plasma glucose concentrations in type 2 diabetes (T2D). KATP channels in the central nervous system have been shown to regulate EGP in humans and rodents. We examined the contribution of central KATP channels to glucose effectiveness. Under fixed hormonal conditions (studies using a pancreatic clamp), hyperglycemia suppressed EGP by ∼50% in both humans without diabetes and normal Sprague-Dawley rats. By contrast, antagonism of KATP channels with glyburide significantly reduced the EGP-lowering effect of hyperglycemia in both humans and rats. Furthermore, the effects of glyburide on EGP and gluconeogenic enzymes were abolished in rats by intracerebroventricular administration of the KATP channel agonist diazoxide. These findings indicate that about half of the suppression of EGP by hyperglycemia is mediated by central KATP channels. These central mechanisms may offer a novel therapeutic target for improving glycemic control in subjects with T2D.