bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ionic association analysis of LiTDI, LiFSI and LiPF6in EC/DMC for better Li-ion battery performances
Authors: Berhaut Christopher L. , Lemordant Daniel , Porion Patrice , Timperman Laure , Schmidt Grégory , Anouti Mériem
Published: February 2019

Insight is given on the type of ion-pairs that could be formed in EC/DMC by Li-salts LiTDI, LiFSI and LiPF6.
Interspecies differences in stability kinetics and plasma esterases involved in hydrolytic activation of curcumin diethyl disuccinate, a prodrug of curcumin
Authors: Ratnatilaka Na Bhuket Pahweenvaj , Jithavech Ponsiree , Ongpipattanakul Boonsri , Rojsitthisak Pornchai
Published: February 2019

Curcumin diethyl disuccinate is metabolized at different rates and hydrolyzed by different esterases in rat, dog and human plasma.
Enhanced thermal conductance at the graphene–water interface based on functionalized alkane chains
Authors: Chen Shuyu , Yang Ming , Liu Bin , Xu Min , Zhang Teng , Zhuang Bilin , Ding Ding , Huai Xiulan , Zhang Hang
Published: February 2019

This work demonstrates an effective and universal method to improve thermal transport properties on the interface between multilayer graphene and water by a factor of ~4 via grafting functionalized groups on graphene.
One-pot synthesis of vanadium-containing silica SBA-3 materials and their catalytic activity for propene oxidation
Authors: Janiszewska Ewa , Held Agnieszka , Nowińska Krystyna , Kowalak Stanisław
Published: February 2019

Efficient SBA-3 vanadosilicate catalysts for propene oxidation obtained for the first time by the one-pot synthesis.
Charge transfer dependence on CO2 hydrogenation activity to methanol in Cu nanoparticles covered with metal–organic framework systems
Authors: Kobayashi Hirokazu , Taylor Jared M. , Mitsuka Yuko , Ogiwara Naoki , Yamamoto Tomokazu , Toriyama Takaaki , Matsumura Syo , Kitagawa Hiroshi
Published: February 2019

We report the charge transfer dependence on CO2 hydrogenation activity to methanol in Cu nanoparticles covered with metal–organic framework systems.
Multimodal breakup of a double emulsion droplet under an electric field
Authors: Abbasi Muhammad Salman , Song Ryungeun , Kim Hyoungsoo , Lee Jinkee
Published: February 2019

We study the multimodal breakup of a double emulsion droplet under a uniform direct current electric field.
Understanding the mechanical link between oriented cell division and cerebellar morphogenesis
Authors: Lejeune Emma , Dortdivanlioglu Berkin , Kuhl Ellen , Linder Christian
Published: February 2019

Three-dimensional multiscale modeling shows that oriented cell division leads to a mechanical instability that can initiate cerebellar foliation.
Casimir-like interactions and surface anchoring duality in bookshelf geometry of smectic-A liquid crystals
Authors: Karimi Pour Haddadan Fahimeh , Naji Ali , Podgornik Rudolf
Published: February 2019

We analyze the transverse intersubstrate Casimir-like force, arising as a result of thermal fluctuations of the liquid crystalline layers of a smectic-A film confined between two planar substrates in a bookshelf geometry, in which the equidistant smectic layers are placed perpendicular to the bounding surfaces.
A novel porous C4N4monolayer as a potential anchoring material for lithium–sulfur battery design
Authors: Li Tongtong , He Cheng , Zhang Wenxue
Published: February 2019

C4N4monolayer is an excellent anchoring material for lithium–sulfur batteries.
Photo-induced phosphorescence and mechanoluminescence switching in a simple purely organic molecule
Authors: Huang Qiuqin , Mei Xiaofei , Xie Zongliang , Wu Duobin , Yang Shuming , Gong Wenjing , Chi Zhenguo , Lin Zhenghuan , Ling Qidan
Published: February 2019

A simple organic molecule displays both mechanoluminescence and room-temperature phosphorescence switching. A D–A type dimer is found to be responsible for the switching.
Assessment of antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-proliferative (lung cancer cell line A549) activities of green synthesized silver nanoparticles fromDerris trifoliata
Authors: Cyril Neethu , George James Baben , Joseph Laigi , Raghavamenon A. C. , V. P. Sylas
Published: February 2019

In this work, silver nanoparticles (AgNP-DTa) were prepared using an aqueous seed extract ofD. trifoliata.
Sensitive and fast analysis of terbutaline sulfate in food using a modified electrode based on a MoS2/AuNPs nanocomposite
Authors: Lin Xiaoyun , Wang Yanfang , Zou Miaomiao , Ni Yongnian
Published: February 2019

An electrochemical non-enzymatic sensor for terbutaline sulfate (TBS) has been constructed from a nanocomposite of MoS2 and AuNPs modified on a glassy carbon electrode, and this was successfully applied to the quantitative analysis of trace TBS in food samples.
Distinguishing between bulk and edge hydroxyl vibrational properties of 2 : 1 phyllosilicates via deuteration
Authors: Harvey Jacob A. , Johnston Cliff T. , Criscenti Louise J. , Greathouse Jeffery A.
Published: February 2019

Observation of vibrational properties of phyllosilicate edges via a molecular modeling and experimental approach was performed.
Characterization of a 12 M KOH zincate fuel for green energy backup systems using flow injection coupled to inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry
Authors: Anderlini Tia K. , Bruce David R. , Beauchemin Diane
Published: February 2019

12 M KOH fuel is analyzed using flow injection, a Teflon spray chamber, a OneNeb nebuliser and a torch with ceramic injector.
Sulfur, mercury, and boron adducts of sydnone imine derived anionic N-heterocyclic carbenes
Authors: Freese Tyll , Namyslo Jan C. , Nieger Martin , Schmidt Andreas
Published: February 2019

The sydnone imines (5-benzoylimino)-3-(2-methoxyphenyl)-sydnone imine and molsidomine were deprotonated at C4 to give sydnone imine anions which can be represented as anionic N-heterocyclic carbenes, respectively.
Plasma-deposition of α-FeOOH particles on biochar using a gliding arc discharge in humid air: a green and sustainable route for producing oxidation catalysts
Authors: Tiya-Djowe Antoine , Dourges Marie-Anne , Bruneel Jean-Luc , Deleuze Hervé
Published: February 2019

Non-thermal atmospheric plasma of the gliding arc type was used as a tool for goethite-on-biochar hybrid material preparation.
Two-dimensional graphdiyne analogue Co-coordinated porphyrin covalent organic framework nanosheets as a stable electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Huang Hao , Li Fumin , Zhang Ying , Chen Yu
Published: February 2019

Employing metalloporphyrin as monomer is an effective strategy to overcome the drawback of graphdiyne in electrocatalytic process. The Co–N4 active centers, expanded pores, and conjugated structure altogether endow the Co-PDY with excellent OER catalytic performance.
Correction: Li7La3Zr2O12 ceramic nanofiber-incorporated composite polymer electrolytes for lithium metal batteries
Authors: Li Yang , Zhang Wei , Dou Qianqian , Wong Ka Wai , Ng Ka Ming
Published: February 2019

Correction for ‘Li7La3Zr2O12 ceramic nanofiber-incorporated composite polymer electrolytes for lithium metal batteries’ by Yang Li et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2019, DOI: 10.1039/c8ta11449h.
Intervention Outcomes of Two Treatments for Muscle Tension Dysphonia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Watts Christopher R. , Hamilton Amy , Toles Laura , Childs Lesley , Mau Ted
Published: February 2019

Purpose

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that stretch-and-flow voice therapy (SnF) is noninferior to resonant voice therapy (RVT) for speakers with muscle tension dysphonia.

Method

Participants with primary muscle tension dysphonia were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups. Participants received 6 sessions of either SnF or RVT for 6 weeks (1 session per week). Pretreatment and posttreatment audio recordings of sustained vowels and connected speech were acquired. Response to treatment was assessed using the voice handicap index (VHI) as the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures included the acoustic voice quality index, the smoothed cepstral peak prominence, and scales from the Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice instrument. Data were analyzed for 21 participants who completed the study (12 in the SnF group, 9 in the RVT group).

Results

Direction of change for the primary outcome measure and all 3 secondary outcome measures at posttreatment was in the direction of improvement for both SnF and RVT. Confidence intervals for VHI measures did not cross the null effect line on forest plots, suggesting significant effects for both treatments on the primary outcome measure. The effect sizes for pretreatment to posttreatment changes in VHI were large for both treatment groups. Similar results were found for the secondary acoustic outcome measures. There were statistically significant pretreatment to posttreatment changes in the primary and secondary outcome measures for patients receiving both treatments, indicating significant improvement in response to both RVT and SnF. There were no statistically significant differences in pretreatment to posttreatment changes in the primary outcome measure or any secondary outcome measure between the two groups. The within-group pretreatment to posttreatment changes in Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice scales did not reach statistical significance for either RVT or SnF.

Conclusions

Both SnF and RVT produced positive treatment response in speakers with muscle tension dysphonia, with no statistically significant difference in the outcome measures between the two treatments. This suggests that SnF is noninferior to RVT and that both are effective options for treating vocal hyperfunction. Results from this study also support previous findings documenting the sensitivity of multidimensional acoustic measurements to treatment response.
Syncing Up for a Good Conversation: A Clinically Meaningful Methodology for Capturing Conversational Entrainment in the Speech Domain
Authors: Borrie Stephanie A. , Barrett Tyson S. , Willi Megan M. , Berisha Visar
Published: February 2019

Purpose

Conversational entrainment, the phenomenon whereby communication partners synchronize their behavior, is considered essential for productive and fulfilling conversation. Lack of entrainment could, therefore, negatively impact conversational success. Although studied in many disciplines, entrainment has received limited attention in the field of speech-language pathology, where its implications may have direct clinical relevance.

Method

A novel computational methodology, informed by expert clinical assessment of conversation, was developed to investigate conversational entrainment across multiple speech dimensions in a corpus of experimentally elicited conversations involving healthy participants. The predictive relationship between the methodology output and an objective measure of conversational success, communicative efficiency, was then examined.

Results

Using a real versus sham validation procedure, we find evidence of sustained entrainment in rhythmic, articulatory, and phonatory dimensions of speech. We further validate the methodology, showing that models built on speech signal entrainment measures consistently outperform models built on nonentrained speech signal measures in predicting communicative efficiency of the conversations.

Conclusions

A multidimensional, clinically meaningful methodology for capturing conversational entrainment, validated in healthy populations, has implications for disciplines such as speech-language pathology where conversational entrainment represents a critical knowledge gap in the field, as well as a potential target for remediation.
Low‐cost robust anti‐removal logic for protecting functionally obfuscated DSP core against removal attack
Authors: Rathor M. , Sengupta A.
Published: February 2019

Digital signal processing (DSP) cores (kernels) are key components of modern consumer electronics devices. However, protection of DSP kernels is very crucial considering its vulnerability to hardware threats such as reverse engineering (RE). Functional obfuscation is one of the security mechanisms which provide protection against RE. However, functional obfuscation logic is in itself vulnerable to removal attack. This Letter presents a novel anti‐removal logic (ARL) unit which ensures protection against the removal attack on functional obfuscation logic. Further, the ARL unit is itself safeguarded against removal attack by incorporating design architecture customisation and camouflaging. Designer can customise and camouflage the internal gate structure network of the ARL blocks post‐synthesis (post‐mapping and fitting). The proposed ARL unit integrated with functionally obfuscated DSP design, yielded lightweight and highly secured solution against removal attack when compared to an existing approach. The proposed approach reported on an average 42.57% reduction in gate count and on an average 66.67% enhancement in security compared to a recent existing approach.
Bleiben Sie in Bewegung!
Authors: Muesse André , Vehma Stefanie , Eppler Sonja
Published: February 2019

Dieser Beitrag bildet den Abschluss unserer Serie über Kinästhetik Infant
Handling. In den vergangenen zwölf Ausgaben der JuKiP hat unser Autoren- und
Expertenteam Ihnen einen Überblick über das vielfältige Handlungsspektrum mit
Kinästhetik in der Gesundheits- und Kinderkrankenpflege gegeben. Zusammenfassend
könnte man sagen: Kinästhetik ist die gelebte Umsetzung salutogenetischen
Denkens in der Pflegesituation.
Superfood Muttermilch (Teil 1)
Authors: Sander Cornelia
Published: February 2019

Stillen und die positiven Auswirkungen von Muttermilch sind in den vergangenen
Jahren immer mehr in das Bewusstsein der Öffentlichkeit geraten. Ein sichtbarer
Effekt ist die steigende Anzahl zertifizierter babyfreundlicher Geburtskliniken
mit entsprechend geschulten Mitarbeiterinnen. Betrachtet man die
gesundheitsfördernden und -präventiven Aspekte des Stillens für Mutter und Kind,
ist dies eine tolle Entwicklung – für Mütter termingeborener gesunder Kinder.
Doch nicht alle Kinder werden am Termin geboren. Acht bis neun Prozent aller
Kinder in Deutschland kommen zu früh zur Welt. Welche Unterstützung kann Müttern
frühgeborener Kinder im klinischen Setting einer Intensivstation angeboten
werden, um perspektivisch eine sichere Stillbeziehung zu erreichen? Aus dieser
Fragestellung heraus entstand die Idee, eine Still- und Laktationsberatung für
diese Zielgruppe und ihre speziellen Bedürfnisse zu etablieren, damit auch
Frühgeborene und ihre Mütter vom Superfood Muttermilch profitieren.
Lagerungszeiten von flexiblen Endoskopen – Mut zur Lücke
Authors: Fietze Yvonne
Published: February 2019

Ein einwandfrei aufbereitetes Endoskop kann bei unsachgemäßer Lagerung erneut kontaminiert und durch die Übertragung von pathogenen Erregern beim nachfolgenden Patienten zu einer Infektionsgefahr werden.

In der Literatur gibt es unterschiedliche Angaben zu Lagerungszeiten und Lagerungsbedingungen. Deshalb verglichen wir einschlägige Studien und Empfehlungen mit unseren klinikinternen Ergebnissen von mikrobiologischen Kontrollen an flexiblen Endoskopen. Unser Ziel war es, den Endoskopanwendern in einem schweizerischen Universitätsspital durch Abgabe einer hausinternen Empfehlung eine fundierte Arbeitsgrundlage zu akzeptablen Lagerungszeiten und Lagerungsbedingungen von flexiblen Endoskopen zu geben. „Akzeptabel“ bedeutet hier: angemessen hinsichtlich Patientensicherheit, ökonomisch und ökologisch vertretbar und praktikabel im Klinikalltag.
Are Subchondral Intraosseous Injections Effective and Safe for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis? A Systematic Review
Authors: Sundaram Kavin , Vargas-Hernández Juan S. , Sanchez Tomas Roca , Moreu Nestor Moreno , Mont Michael A. , Higuera Carlos A. , Piuzzi Nicolas S.
Published: February 2019

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent disease and treatment options for early stages of OA are needed. Intraosseous injections of bone substitute and biologic materials have been proposed to expand the therapeutic arsenal by potentially halting OA progression and delaying the need for knee arthroplasty in patients with early/moderate-stage disease. Therefore, the goal of this study was assessed the efficacy and safety of subchondral intraosseous injection for the treatment of knee OA. A systematic review was performed on PubMed-Medline, and the Cochrane Database of systematic reviews. English and Spanish retrospective and prospective studies assessing the results of subchondral intraosseous injection of bone substitute materials and/or biologicals in human patients with knee OA, with a minimum of 6 months of follow-up were collected. A total of 1,081 potential articles were identified through our search. Six studies were included with a total of 163 patients. The mean follow-up was 18 months (range: 6–24 months). Patient reported outcomes measures (PROMs), complications, and conversion to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were collected. All six studies showed PROMs improvement relative to baseline. Overall, the five studies reporting visual-analog scale (VAS) pain outcomes improved from a baseline mean score of 6.68 to 2.74. Also, knee injury and osteoarthritis score (KOOS), Tegner-Lysholm, and/or international knee documentation committee (IKDC) scores rose compared with baseline scores in all studies. Overall, 2.5% (4/163) of patients had a complication attributed to study-related treatment. Most patients (81%, 86/106) remained TKA-free at a 1-year follow-up. Subchondral intraosseous injections of bone substitute materials and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) suggest (1) improved PROMs of pain and functional status, (2) low complication rate, and (3) relatively low rates of conversion to TKA. However, the current studies investigating these treatments exhibited high degree of heterogeneity in both measurement of outcomes and delivery of treatment, with a high risk of bias. This procedure should not be utilized in advanced knee OA. In light of the limitations of the current literature, advising in favor or against this therapy for early to moderate knee OA is challenging.
33.1.5.2 Alk-1-enyl Sulfoxides, Sulfimides, and Related Compounds (Update 2018)
Authors: Kawęcki R.
Published: February 2019

This chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution describing methods for preparation of alk-1-enyl sulfoxides and sulfimides. It focuses on methods published since 2004.
33.1.3.2 S-Alk-1-enylsulfoximides (Update 2018)
Authors: Kawęcki R.
Published: February 2019

This chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution describing methods for the preparation of alk-1-enylsulfoximides. This update focuses on methods published since 2004. It also covers the application of alk-1-enylsulfoximides in organic synthesis.
Curved acceleration path of ultrasound-driven air flow
Authors: Hasegawa Keisuke , Yuki Hiroki , Shinoda Hiroyuki
Published: February 2019

We established a method for generating an ultrasound beam that propagates along a narrow, isolated curved path and is accompanied by an arc-shaped airflow, and experimentally confirmed the actual generation of such a beam. The method employs a two-dimensional orthogonal phased array of ultrasound transducers, whose individual columns correspond to a line segment in a given beam trajectory. Each column of transducers yields a “ring” in which acoustic energy is concentrated. A cluster of these ultrasound rings arranged at sufficiently small spatial intervals interfere with adjacent rings, consequently forming a fine curved path of propagating ultrasound accompanied by an ultrasound-driven air flow. The positions of these rings can be electronically controlled and so can the position of the resulting beam path. We obtained isolated sharp arc-shaped airflows propagating over nearly 1 m in open space. Such airflows have never been reported and are extremely difficult to generate by the superposition of ordinary jet-driven airflows. Our achievement will lead to the ability to generate airflows along an arbitrarily designed three-dimensional arc-shaped path. This technique will be utilized in such unprecedented applications as midair transportation of gaseous substance or control of heat in the air while circumventing obstacles, which are intuitive, yet hard to achieve by other methods.
Structural, optical, and electrical properties of orthorhombic κ-(InxGa1−x)2O3 thin films
Authors: Hassa A. , von Wenckstern H. , Splith D. , Sturm C. , Kneiß M. , Prozheeva V. , Grundmann M.
Published: February 2019

Material properties of orthorhombic κ-phase (InxGa1−x)2O3 thin films grown on a c-plane sapphire substrate by pulsed-laser deposition are reported for an indium content up to x ∼ 0.35. This extended range of miscibility enables band gap engineering between 4.3 and 4.9 eV. The c-lattice constant as well as the bandgap depends linearly on the In content. For x > 0.35, a phase change to the hexagonal InGaO3(ii) and the cubic bixbyite structure occurred. The dielectric function and the refractive index were determined by spectroscopic ellipsometry as a function of the alloy composition. We propose zirconium to induce n-type conductivity and have achieved electrically conducting thin films with a room temperature conductivity of up to 0.1 S/cm for samples with a low In content of about x = 0.01. Temperature-dependent Hall-effect measurements yielded a thermal activation energy of the free electron density of 190 meV. Schottky barrier diodes with rectification ratios up to 106 were investigated by quasi-static capacitance voltage and temperature-dependent current voltage measurements.
Experimental demonstration of Luneburg lens based on hyperuniform disordered media
Authors: Zhang Haoyang , Chu Hongchen , Giddens Henry , Wu Wen , Hao Yang
Published: February 2019

Hyperuniformity provides a means of categorizing many nanostructures including nano-composite materials, and the design methodology based on hyperuniform randomness often leads to devices with extraordinary characteristics. In this work, we numerically and experimentally demonstrate that a Luneburg lens made of hyperuniform disordered composite materials can dramatically reduce back scattering in comparison with its counterpart design based on periodic metamaterials. Two sample Luneburg lenses made of scatterers with hyperuniform disordered and periodic distributions have been designed and fabricated, respectively. Measurements are carried out in a two-dimensional near-field microwave scanning apparatus. Both experimental and simulation results agree with theoretical prediction demonstrating almost identical in-band focusing but rather contrast out-of-band wave scattering characteristics.
Miniaturization of Floquet topological insulators for airborne acoustics by thermal control
Authors: Liu Xingxing , Guo Qiuquan , Yang Jun
Published: February 2019

The development of topological insulators in condensed matter systems that break time-reversal symmetry using magnetic bias has inspired a quest for similar effects in classical acoustic waves. The acoustic topological insulator is a revolutionary design to control acoustics in isolation and broadband unidirectional transmission, which is topologically robust and immune to structural disorders or defects. Currently, these fascinating properties have been investigated through fan-induced moving media, acoustic capacitance adjustment, and acoustic metamaterials. However, most of them are still associated with disadvantages including extra noise, bulky volume, and limited dynamic controlling performance. In this study, we propose an approach which could possibly overcome these limitations by introducing a modulation scheme of the temperature difference in a lattice of resonators, which demonstrates that the Floquet topological insulators with thermal control can realize topologically robust and nonreciprocal acoustic propagation. This controlling strategy provides an alternative platform to conduct acoustic topological applications, especially for noiseless and miniaturized airborne acoustics. The use of thermal modulation could potentially provide a platform for miniaturizing topologically insulating devices for airborne acoustics.
Absolute photoluminescence intensity in thin film solar cells
Authors: Swartz C. H. , Paul S. , Mansfield L. M. , Holtz M. W.
Published: February 2019

A calculation is presented for the direct conversion of a measured luminescence signal to the implied open circuit voltage. The effects of re-absorption, spectral dependence, and interference with front and back interfaces are all included, so long as the optical properties of the structure are known. The method is validated through a comparison of the terminal open-circuit voltage with the photoluminescence intensity of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells, each as a function of illumination intensity.
Mode selective excitation of terahertz vibrations in single crystalline rubrene
Authors: Yano Keisuke , Katsuki Hiroyuki , Yanagi Hisao
Published: February 2019

Organic molecular crystals have a variety of low frequency vibrational modes composed of intra- and inter-molecular oscillations. They are mixed intricately in the terahertz (THz) region. We are interested in the controllability of the vibrational energy distribution among such THz vibrational modes based on the femtosecond double-pulse excitation scheme. Single crystalline rubrene is prepared by physical vapor transport. The optical response of vibrational modes in the electric ground state of rubrene is detected by the ultrafast pump-probe reflectivity measurement at 90 K. Three oscillation modes at 3.20, 3.67, and 4.18 THz are detected, and we demonstrate selective enhancement and depletion of each mode by properly tuning the double-pulse delay. The amplitude of the selected vibrational mode is modulated between 0.149 and 1.87, where 1.0 corresponds to the amplitude excited with a single pump pulse. The double-pulse delay dependence of the observed vibrational amplitude is simulated based on the classical driven harmonic oscillator model, and the results reasonably reproduce our experimental signals. Such selective manipulation of the vibrational amplitude can be a potential tool to investigate the vibronic and electron-phonon couplings which plays an important role for the charge transport characteristics and various optoelectronic properties in organic molecular crystals.
Sampling frequency dependent visibility graphlet approach to time series
Authors: Wang Yan , Weng Tongfeng , Deng Shiguo , Gu Changgui , Yang Huijie
Published: February 2019

Recent years have witnessed special attention on complex network based time series analysis. To extract evolutionary behaviors of a complex system, an interesting strategy is to separate the time series into successive segments, map them further to graphlets as representatives of states, and extract from the state (graphlet) chain transition properties, called graphlet based time series analysis. Generally speaking, properties of time series depend on the time scale. In reality, a time series consists of records that are sampled usually with a specific frequency. A natural question is how the evolutionary behaviors obtained with the graphlet approach depend on the sampling frequency? In the present paper, a new concept called the sampling frequency dependent visibility graphlet is proposed to answer this problem. The key idea is to extract a new set of series in which the successive elements have a specified delay and obtain the state transition network with the graphlet based approach. The dependence of the state transition network on the sampling period (delay) can show us the characteristics of the time series at different time scales. Detailed calculations are conducted with time series produced by the fractional Brownian motion, logistic map and Rössler system, and the empirical sentence length series for the famous Chinese novel entitled A Story of the Stone. It is found that the transition networks for fractional Brownian motions with different Hurst exponents all share a backbone pattern. The linkage strengths in the backbones for the motions with different Hurst exponents have small but distinguishable differences in quantity. The pattern also occurs in the sentence length series; however, the linkage strengths in the pattern have significant differences with that for the fractional Brownian motions. For the period-eight trajectory generated with the logistic map, there appear three different patterns corresponding to the conditions of the sampling period being odd/even-fold of eight or not both. For the chaotic trajectory of the logistic map, the backbone pattern of the transition network for sampling 1 saturates rapidly to a new structure when the sampling period is larger than 2. For the chaotic trajectory of the Rössler system, the backbone structure of the transition network is initially formed with two self-loops, the linkage strengths of which decrease monotonically with the increase of the sampling period. When the sampling period reaches 9, a new large loop appears. The pattern saturates to a complex structure when the sampling period is larger than 11. Hence, the new concept can tell us new information on the trajectories. It can be extended to analyze other series produced by brains, stock markets, and so on.
A flexible InGaAs nanomembrane PhotoFET with tunable responsivities in near- and short-wave IR region for lightweight imaging applications
Authors: Li Yida , Alian Alireza , Sivan Maheswari , Huang Li , Ang Kah Wee , Lin Dennis , Mocuta Dan , Collaert Nadine , Thean Aaron V.-Y.
Published: February 2019

An ultra-thin (15 nm) InGaAs nanomembrane field-effect phototransistor is transferred entirely from a rigid InP substrate onto a flexible SU-8 on a polydimethylsiloxane substrate. The transferred InGaAs device exhibits wide-band spectral response tunability up to 1.8 µm, from the visible to near-infrared light. Using an epitaxial lift-off process of InGaAs-on-InP MOSHEMT, the transferred device is inverted with a fully exposed channel for photosensitivity enhancement, while retaining three terminals for photocurrent amplification and modulation. The photocurrent can be tuned ∼5 orders over a gate bias range of 6 V. On-state photo-responsivities of 350 A/W to 15 A/W for 0.6 µm and 1.8 µm of light, respectively, is measured, ∼2 × higher than existing silicon and III-V photodetectors. Furthermore, the device shows no electrical performance degradation when flexed down to 10-cm radius, demonstrating suitability for conformal surface sensor applications.
Local trap spectroscopy on cross-sectioned AlGaN/GaN devices with in situ biasing
Authors: Gleason D. A. , Galiano K. , Brown J. L. , Hilton A. M. , Ringel S. A. , Arehart A. R. , Heller E. R. , Dorsey D. L. , Pelz J. P.
Published: February 2019

Scanning probe deep-level transient spectroscopy (SP-DLTS) is applied to cross-sectioned, fully processed, commercially sourced AlGaN/GaN Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) and high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) biased in situ. The SBD and HEMT structures had been specially designed to allow two- and three-terminal biasing after cross-sectioning. The cross-sectioning procedure exposes electrically active regions throughout the length and depth of the devices while also preserving electrical functionality. Spatially resolved SP-DLTS surface potential transients (SPTs) measured on the appropriately cross-sectioned faces of the devices reveal the presence of two traps in the GaN buffer layer which are shown to be consistent with traps detected in macroscopic deep-level transient spectroscopy measurements performed on an intact AlGaN/GaN SBD made at the same time as the HEMT device. This indicates that, for an appropriate cross-sectioning process, the cross-sectioned surface does not screen or mask defects in the bulk GaN from the probe tip. SP-DLTS maps collected over the cross-sectioned faces in active device regions also reveal the spatial variation in trapping-induced SPTs. These measurements demonstrate an avenue for exploring the energies, concentrations, and spatial distributions of traps located throughout GaN-based devices with potential applications to other material and device systems.
Femtosecond dynamics of metal-centered and ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (t2g-based) electronic excited states in various solvents: A comprehensive study of IrBr62−
Authors: Matveev Sergey M. , Budkina Darya S. , Zheldakov Igor L. , Phelan Michael R. , Hicks Christopher M. , Tarnovsky Alexander N.
Published: February 2019

The photophysical properties of intraconfigurational metal-centered (MC) and ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) states were studied in a prototype low spin heavy d5 transition metal complex, IrBr62−. The femtosecond-to-picosecond dynamics of this complex was investigated in solutions of drastically different polarity (acetonitrile, chloroform, and water) by means of ultrafast broadband transient absorption spectroscopy. We observed that the system, when excited into the third excited [second LMCT, 2Uu′(T1u)] state, undergoes distortion from the Franck-Condon geometry along the t2g vibrational mode as a result of the Jahn-Teller effect, followed by rapid internal conversion to populate (90 fs) the second excited [first LMCT, 2Ug′(T1g)] state. Vibrational decoherence and vibrational relaxation (∼400 fs) in 2Ug′(T1g) precede the decay of this state via internal conversion (time constants, 2.8 and 3 ps in CH3CN and CHCl3 and 0.76 ps in water), which can also be viewed as back electron transfer and which leads into the intraconfigurational MC 2Ug′(T2g) state. This is the lowest-excited state, from which the system returns to the ground state. This MC state is metastable in both CH3CN and CHCl3 (lifetime, ∼360 ps), but is quenched via OH-mediated energy transfer in aqueous environments, with the lifetime shortening up to 21 ps in aqueous solutions. The cascade relaxation mechanism is the same upon excitation into the second excited state. Excitation of IrBr62− in chloroform into higher 2Uu′(T2u), 2Eu″(T2u), and 2Eg′(T1g) states is observed to populate the third excited 2Uu′(T1u) state within 100 fs. These experiments allow us to resolve the ultrafast relaxation coordinate and emphasize that the excited-state Jahn-Teller effect is a driving force in the ultrafast dynamics, even for heavy transition metal complexes with very significant spin-orbit interactions.
Periodic corrugations to increase efficiency of thermophotovoltaic emitting structures
Authors: Hong Youngjoon , Otten Matthew , Min Misun , Gray Stephen K. , Nicholls David P.
Published: February 2019

In this letter, we consider the question of designing insulator/metal thermovoltaic structures with periodically corrugated interfaces that give optimal performance based on the metric of useful power density. Using a Monte Carlo approach in a robust, rapid, and high-accuracy numerical simulation strategy, we have identified such interface shapes. We searched among the class of sinusoids and found that a flat-interface configuration could be significantly improved in transverse magnetic polarization. More specifically, we found that (i) the performance improves with increasing corrugation amplitude (ii) up to a maximum, (iii) the shape of the corrugation is largely irrelevant, and (iv) the period of the corrugation should be chosen in connection to the bandgap energy of the photovoltaic cell. For the latter, we provide a simple expression as a starting point for practitioners interested in fabricating such structures.
Pressure-induced phase transitions of ZnSe under different pressure environments
Authors: Pu Chang , Dai Lidong , Li Heping , Hu Haiying , Liu Kaixiang , Yang Linfei , Hong Meiling
Published: February 2019

The structural, vibrational and electronic properties of ZnSe under different pressure environments up to ∼40.0 GPa were investigated using a diamond anvil cell in conjunction with ac impedance spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and high–resolution transmission electron microscopy. Under the non–hydrostatic condition, ZnSe exhibited a structural phase transition from a zinc–blende to a cinnabar structure at ∼4.9 GPa, indicated by the obvious splitting of the transverse optical mode in the Raman spectra and a noticeable variation in the slope of the electrical conductivity. With increasing pressure, metallization appeared at ∼12.5 GPa, which was characterized by the high–pressure Raman spectroscopy and temperature–dependent electrical conductivity results. When the pressure was increased up to ∼30.0 GPa, another phase transition was identified by the appearance of a new peak in the Raman spectra. Compared to the non–hydrostatic condition, a roughly 2.0 GPa delay of transition pressure for ZnSe was observed at the hydrostatic condition. However, the structural phase transformation was found to be irreversible only under the non–hydrostatic condition. The unique properties displayed by ZnSe under different pressure environments may be attributed to the constrained interlayer interaction owing to the presence of the pressure medium.
Direct observation of the reciprocity between spin current and phonon interconversion
Authors: Bhuktare Swapnil , Shukla Ambika Shanker , Singh Hanuman , Bose Arnab , Tulapurkar Ashwin A.
Published: February 2019

Spin current has emerged as a leading candidate for manipulation of spins in a nano-magnet. We here experimentally show another utility of spin current, viz., it can be used for the generation of phonons. Within the same experimental setup, we also demonstrate the inverse effect of generation of spin current by phonons. To demonstrate these effects, we measured the scattering-matrix of a two-port device with interdigital transducers as one port and an array of Ni/Pt lines as a second port made on a piezoelectric substrate. The off-diagonal elements which correspond to transmission between the ports were found to have 180° relative phase shift. The transmission of electrical signals from port 2 to 1 corresponds to the generation of phonons from spin-current, while transmission from port 1 to 2 corresponds to the inverse effect. These results could be useful for designing spin-current based gyrators. We further show the reciprocity between spin transfer torque and spin pumping effects.
New review showcases the current uses and new demands for 3D bioprinting
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: February 2019

High-throughput screening and 3D bioprinting technologies show promise in drug screening, disease modeling and precision medicine, but might require updates to data collection protocols.
Invasive alien palm Pinanga coronata threatens native tree ferns in an oceanic island rainforest
Authors: Dyer Michael J. B. , Keppel Gunnar , Tuiwawa Marika , Vido Sainivalati , Boehmer Hans Juergen
Published: February 2019

Invasive ornamental plants are a global problem that can have severe impacts on native biodiversity, especially on islands. To determine whether the invasive, ornamental ivory-cane palm Pinanga coronata could be displacing native biodiversity, we investigated its co-distribution with native tree ferns in a Fijian rainforest. We recorded the abundances of P. coronata and tree ferns and related these to environmental variables using linear models and generalised linear mixed-effect models (GLMMs). Distance to an introduction site was the most significant factor predicting the palm’s distribution and abundance, suggesting that its current distribution is limited by insufficient time for wider dispersal. P. coronata cover was strongly and negatively related with the abundance of native tree ferns and the palm may therefore be displacing native tree ferns. This relationship was strongest with tree fern seedlings and weakest with mature tree ferns, implying that the palm is preventing the establishment of native tree ferns. This study thus provides strong circumstantial evidence that P. coronata is progressively displacing native tree ferns by preventing seedling establishment and poses a severe threat to Fiji’s native biodiversity and ecological processes. Therefore, urgent management is required to control and prevent the further spread of P. coronata and its negative impacts on native plant biodiversity. Management should involve an initial feasibility study to determine the effectiveness of various management strategies, followed by targeted control and/or eradication campaigns and long-term monitoring. Ultimately, well implemented legislation to prevent the spread and introduction of P. coronata and other ornamental plants will be crucial to protect native biodiversity in Fiji and elsewhere.
Promoter deletion analysis reveals root-specific expression of the alkenal reductase gene (OsAER1) in Oryza sativa
Authors: Apriana Aniversari , Sisharmini Atmitri , Aswidinnoor Hajrial , Trijatmiko Kurniawan R. , Sudarsono Sudarsono
Published: February 2019

Root-specific promoters are useful in plant genetic engineering, primarily to improve water and nutrient absorption. The aim of this study was to clone and characterise the promoter of the Oryza sativa L. alkenal reductase (OsAER1) gene encoding 2-alkenal reductase, an NADPH-dependent oxidoreductase. Expression analysis using quantitative real-time PCR confirmed the root-specific expression of the OsAER1 gene. Subsequently, a 3082-bp fragment of the OsAER1 promoter was isolated from a local Indonesian rice cultivar, Awan Kuning. Sequencing and further nucleotide sequence analysis of the 3082-bp promoter fragment (PA-5) revealed the presence of at least 10 root-specific cis-regulatory elements putatively responsible for OsAER1 root-specific expression. Using the 3082-bp promoter fragment to drive the expression of the GUS reporter transgene confirmed that the OsAER1 promoter is root-specific. Further, the analysis indicated that OsAER1 promoter activity was absent in leaves, petioles and shoots during sprouting, vegetative, booting and generative stages of rice development. In contrast, the promoter activity was present in anthers and aleurone layers of immature seeds 7–20 days after anthesis. Moreover, there was no promoter activity observed in the aleurone layers of mature seeds. The OsAER1 promoter activity is induced by Al-toxicity, NaCl and submergence stresses, indicating the OsAER1 promoter activity is induced by those stresses. Exogenous treatments of transgenic plants carrying the PA-5 promoter construct with abscisic acid and indoleacetic acid also induced expression of the GUS reporter transgene, indicating the role of plant growth regulators in controlling OsAER1 promoter activity. Promoter deletion analysis was conducted to identify the cis-acting elements of the promoter responsible for controlling root-specific expression. The GUS reporter gene was fused with various deletion fragments of the OsAER1 promoter and the resulting constructs were transformed in rice plants to generate transgenic plants. The results of this analysis indicated that cis-acting elements controlling root-specific expression are located between −1562 to −1026bp of the OsAER1 CDS. Here we discusses the results of the conducted analyses, the possible role of OsAER1 in rice growth and development, possible contributions and the potential usage of these findings in future plant research.
Phylogeny, evolution and systematic revision of the mite harvestman family Neogoveidae (Opiliones Cyphophthalmi)
Authors: Benavides Ligia R. , Hormiga Gustavo , Giribet Gonzalo
Published: February 2019

Mite harvestmen of the family Neogoveidae have a tropical trans-Atlantic distribution with representatives in equatorial West Africa and the Neotropics, specifically in the south-east region of the USA and in northern South America, being conspicuously absent from Central America. We provide a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the family including representatives of all genera but the monotypic Tucanogovea Karaman, 2013, and new information on the type species described by Jochen Martens in 1969 that were unavailable for molecular study until now: Brasiliogovea microphaga, Metagovea oviformis and ‘? Gen. enigmaticus’. Additionally, we revisit the somatic and male genitalic morphology of representatives of all genera by means of scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy, and describe the new genera Leggogovia Benavides & Giribet, gen. nov., Microgovia Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, gen. nov., Waiwaigovia Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, gen. nov. and 13 new species: Brasiliogovea aphantostylus Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, sp. nov., Brasiliogovea microstylus Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, sp. nov., Brasiliogovea yacambuensis Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, sp. nov., Metagovea matapi Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, sp. nov., Metagovea planada Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, sp. nov., Microgovia chenepau Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, sp. nov., Neogovea branstetteri Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, sp. nov., Neogovea enigmatica Martens, sp. nov., Neogovea matawai Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, sp. nov., Parogovia montealensis Benavides & Giribet, sp. nov., Parogovia prietoi Benavides & Giribet, sp. nov., Parogovia putnami Benavides & Giribet, sp. nov. and Waiwaigovia schultzi Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, sp. nov. Phylogenetic analyses based on maximum likelihood, parsimony and Bayesian inference support the monophyly of Neogoveidae and a sister group relationship of Neogoveidae + Ogoveidae with Troglosironidae (a clade named Sternophthalmi). Relationships among neogoveid genera are largely congruent between methods as follows: ((Leggogovia gen. nov., Metasiro), (Parogovia, ((Canga, Microgovia gen. nov.), ((Brasiliogovea, Neogovea), (Huitaca, (Waiwaigovia gen. nov., Metagovea)))))). In light of our results, the following taxonomic changes are proposed: Metagovea oviformis Martens, 1969 is transferred to Microgovia, gen. nov.; Parogovia pabsgarnoni Legg, 1990 is transferred to Leggogovia, gen. nov.; ‘? Gen. enigmaticus Martens, 1969’ is an invalid name according to the ICZN; the corresponding taxon is redescribed and formally named as Neogovea enigmatica Martens, sp. nov.
Lexical frequency and syntactic variation
Authors: Li Xiaoshi , Bayley Robert
Published: February 2019

With the rise of exemplar theory, the role of lexical frequency in language variation has been the object of considerable study. Recently,Erker and Guy (2012)extended the analysis of frequency to morphosyntactic variation and examined the role of frequency in variation between null and overt subject personal pronouns (SPPs) in Spanish. Their results suggest that frequency either activates or amplifies the effects of other constraints, such as co-reference. This study extends the study of frequency effects on SPP variation to Mandarin Chinese. Results of multivariate analysis of 6,691 tokens collected from Mandarin speakers in Harbin, China indicate that the effect of frequency on Chinese SPP variation is less than that of other well-established constraints such as co-reference and person and number. The results suggest that the role of frequency in this area of the grammar has been considerably exaggerated. Rather, well-established linguistic constraints provide a better explanation for SPP variation than frequency.
A large-scale smartphone-based sociophonetic study of Taiwan Mandarin
Authors: Kuo Jennifer
Published: February 2019

This study aims to (i) identify patterns of sociophonetic variation in Taiwan Mandarin, and (ii) evaluate
smartphone technologies as a tool for crowdsourcing sociophonetic data. Specifically, this study examines both phonological
variables found in prior literature to be highly salient (deretroflexion, labiovelar glide deletion), and variables that are less
likely to index social properties (merging of final /n, ŋ/, changes to Tones 2 and 3). Unlike past studies which have primarily
relied on smaller sample sizes, I utilize a smartphone application to crowdsource audio recordings across Taiwan; subsequent Rbrul
analysis of 292 recordings revealed robust patterns of sociolinguistic variation. Deretroflexion correlates strongly with gender
and age, while glide deletion correlates with gender. Nasal final merging and tonal change exhibit less socio-indexical variation,
but provide evidence of potential change in progress. These findings suggest that smartphone-based crowdsourcing can complement
traditional sociolinguistic fieldwork, and reveal new knowledge about large-scale variation.