bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Differences in the Experiences, Perceptions and Reporting of Violent Incidents in Australia by Country of Birth
Authors: Anthony Casey , Grant Imogen , Ashford Linda J. , Spivak Benjamin , Shepherd Stephane M.
Published: October 2020

Australia’s fast-growing migrant population encompasses many groups from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. It is well documented that these groups experience varying pre- and post-migratory challenges. Despite this knowledge, little is known about the extent to which these groups experience and perceive violence and how or whether they seek assistance after such incidents. It is important to identify any potential discrepancies to ensure that services can provide the most targeted supports to victims. Data were collected from the 2016 Australian Bureau of Statistics Public Safety Survey. Using chi-square tests, prevalence, experiences, and perceptions of violence occurring after the age of 15, postincident support, reporting behaviors, and health variables related to violent incidents were compared across three cultural groups arranged by region of birth: born in Australia (BIA), born overseas in main English-speaking countries (BNMESC), and born overseas in non-English-speaking countries (BOC). BOC individuals reported much lower rates of violent victimization compared to BIA and BMSEC individuals. More than two-thirds of each cultural group did not report their most recent experience of violence to police. Violence was most commonly experienced at home, although a higher proportion of BIA individuals experienced violence at an entertainment venue, and a higher proportion of BOC individuals experienced violence outside (i.e., in the street). The contribution of Alcohol/Substances was much higher for BIA and BMESC compared to BOC individuals. BOC individuals experienced more anxiety post-incident, while more BIA individuals sustained physical injuries. A similar proportion of each group sought assistance post-incident, however, more BOC individuals had never told anyone about the incident. Perceptions of the violent incident were generally similar across groups, though fewer BOC individuals perceived the incident to be a crime. Some differences were apparent across cultural groups regarding the prevalence, experiences and reporting of violent incidents. Implications and future research directions are discussed within.
Probing the stress corrosion cracking resistance of laser beam welded AISI 316LN austenitic stainless steel
Authors: Rajasekaran R , Lakshminarayanan AK
Published: October 2020

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance of the laser beam welded (LBW) AISI 316LN austenitic stainless steel (SS) was assessed and compared to the base metal (BM). The weld joint was produced using a 2.5 kW laser power source at 1500 mm/min welding speed. Microstructural characterization of the base metal and weld joint were done by the following techniques: (i) Optical Microscopy (OM), (ii) Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and (iii) Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The primary mechanical properties such as strength, toughness and hardness of the welded joint were evaluated and compared with the base metal. Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) assessment was done in boiling 45 wt% MgCl2 solution at constant load condition as per American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard G36-94. From the SCC experiment data, steady-state elongation rate ([Formula: see text]), transition time ([Formula: see text]) and time to failure ([Formula: see text]) were found and generalized equations to predict the time to failure of the base metal and LBW joint were successfully derived. The passive film rupture mechanism majorly influenced the SCC failure for 316LN and welded joint. The formation of the discontinuous δ-ferrite network, residual stress and nitrogen pore nucleation at the fusion zone of the LBW joint deteriorated the SCC resistance. The metallographic and fractographic studies revealed brittle transgranular SCC failure of the base metal as well as the LBW joint in all the stress conditions.
Constructing ethnic and national identities in talk on Malaysian issues
Authors: Mohd Nor Siti Nurbaya
Published: October 2020

This paper examines the connection between ethnic identity, the articulation of these identities through discourse and the ideologies indexed by these identities in the interaction of Malaysian speakers. Based on selected episodes of radio discussions, the study focuses on how speakers identify or self-categorise themselves, in such a way that makes ethnic identity relevant to the discussion. The study draws upon existing literature on types of identities in interactions and membership categorisation analysis (MCA) in investigating how speakers make ethnic identity relevant to the discussion on Malaysian issues through the act of self-categorisation. In the context of these discussions, the membership categorisation device (MCD) ‘Malaysian’ and ethnic identities acquire very specific meanings through the practice of self-categorisation. While some speakers focused on the ethnic culture and traditions, others are more interested in sharing their experiences based on their own ethnic identities and interactions amongst the society. Social issues like dealing with rights and obligations of certain ethnic or social groups and developing one’s sense of ethnic identity, among others, motivate speakers to offer their stance on these issues. In this way, their views and expressions of ethnic identity come to position themselves in terms of these interactional specific roles and identities as Malaysians.
The prehistory and early history of the Šumava Mountains (Czech Republic) as seen through anthropogenic pollen indicators and charcoal data
Authors: Kozáková Radka , Bobek Přemysl , Dreslerová Dagmar , Abraham Vojtěch , Svobodová-Svitavská Helena
Published: October 2020

In the lower forested mountain ranges of Europe, human impact on nature is usually confined to the written history of the Middle Ages. Our research in the Šumava mountains aims to specify the nature and intensity of human impact on vegetation, especially during agricultural prehistory. We use results from a multidisciplinary study of the unique La Tène archaeological site in the Sklářské Valley (elevation 802 m a.s.l.) and from a pollen and charcoal record 60 m away. With knowledge of this reference site we focus on the meaning of anthropogenic pollen indicators in 13 other pollen sites from central Šumava. From ca 3300 cal yr BP we detect an increase in NAP, Betula, Pinus and secondary anthropogenic indicators in pollen records – vegetation changes of anthropogenic origin. Charcoal records show a significant peak around 3200 cal yr BP. We found weak anthropogenic influence on the La Tène archaeological site in the Sklářské Valley, and much stronger anthropogenic pollen signals at other pollen sites dated to the Late Bronze and Iron Ages. Some of these sites are situated on trade routes which have been known since Medieval times but which most likely have much older origins. During prehistory, pollen data reveal no specific human activity such as pasturing or arable farming but reflect small-scale disturbances that supported growth of Betula and Pinus and an abundance of herbs. Such human impact could be connected primarily to activities along trade routes and to hunting, but other factors cannot be excluded.
Acupuncture versus placebo acupuncture for in vitro fertilisation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Coyle Meaghan E , Stupans Ieva , Abdel-Nour Katherine , Ali Hiba , Kotlyarsky Michelle , Lie Phillip , Tekin Sinan , Thrimawithana Thilini
Published: October 2020

Objective:

To evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture compared to placebo acupuncture for women undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF) in a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods:

A search was conducted in seven English-language biomedical databases from their inception to 3 April 2019 to identify studies evaluating acupuncture as an adjunct to IVF treatment. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared acupuncture with placebo acupuncture using a non-invasive placebo acupuncture device in women undergoing a fresh or frozen IVF cycle were eligible, as were studies that tested placebo acupuncture as the intervention. Outcomes were clinical pregnancy rate, ongoing pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate, live birth rate and adverse events.

Results:

Eight RCTs involving 3607 women were included. Studies were judged to be low risk for most of the risk of bias domains. Acupuncture around the time of embryo transfer was not significantly different to placebo acupuncture in terms of the clinical pregnancy rate (6 RCTs, 2473 women, risk ratio (RR) = 0.99 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.88, 1.11), I2 = 51%, moderate certainty evidence), ongoing pregnancy rate (4 RCTs, 1459 women, RR = 0.88 (95% CI = 0.75, 1.02), I2 = 50%, moderate certainty evidence), miscarriage rate (4 RCTs, 502 women, RR = 1.23 (95% CI = 0.89, 1.71), I2 = 30%, high certainty evidence) or live birth rate (4 RCTs, 1835 women, RR = 0.87 (95% CI = 0.75, 1.01), I2 = 0%, high certainty evidence). Outcomes with placebo acupuncture were not significantly different to usual care. Adverse events relating to acupuncture, such as discomfort and bruising, were mild to moderate.

Conclusion:

Acupuncture administered around the time of embryo transfer did not have a statistically significant effect on IVF outcomes compared with placebo acupuncture.
The legal and policy considerations of transplanting pediatric thymus regulatory T cells as an immunotherapy in Canada
Authors: Murdoch Blake
Published: October 2020

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) hold promise for cell-based therapies for autoimmunity and transplant rejection. In Canada, the potential collection, short-term banking, and transplantation of pediatric Tregs left over from surgery raise legal and policy concerns. Tregs likely fall under the definitions of “tissue” found in most provincial donation and transplantation statutes. With the exception of Alberta’s Human Tissue and Organ Donation Act, the fundamental distinction between donation of tissue primarily for transplantation and secondary donation of by-products of a medical intervention undertaken for the benefit of the donor is inadequately addressed in Canadian law. Most statutes prohibit transplantation except in accordance with their provisions and do not contemplate living donation by minors under a specific age. Provinces could amend their legislation in order to properly enable the transplantation of by-products like Tregs from infant donors. This process is relatively ethically uncontroversial, so if common research ethics and privacy concerns can be addressed, it should likely be permitted.
Post-materialism’s Social Class Divide: Experiences and Life Satisfaction
Authors: Booth Douglas E.
Published: October 2020

Over last half of the twentieth century, a silent revolution in post-material values made significant advances around the world. The formation of post-material values also resulted in expanded participation in post-material experiences such as joining voluntary groups, pursuing creativity and independence in the world of work, and engaging in political actions—experiences that go beyond a strict focus on accumulating economic wealth and material possessions. Because social class position matters for being a post-materialist, a class divide exists between middle-class post-materialists and working-class materialists who occupy the lower end of the social class spectrum. This article will show that such a divide occurs, first for participation in post-material experiences and second for the attainment of life satisfaction. Using data from the World Values Survey, evidence will be provided in this article showing that members of the working class participate less in post-material experiences than others and, as a consequence, enjoy lower life satisfaction than others, especially post-materialists. In light of working-class-supported right-wing populism’s recent emergence in the USA and Europe, this social class divide takes on a special significance in explaining shifting trends in politics and public policy.
The Expansion Dilemma for Fourth-Party Logistics Services: Kodan Solutions Private Limited
Authors: Prashar Anupama
Published: October 2020

The purpose of the case is to introduce the students to an emerging business trend of outsourcing the logistics function. The case enables the students to analyse the benefits of outsourcing logistics function and understand the concept of third-party logistics (3PL) and fourth-party logistics (4PL). The case is developed based on the primary data collected through interviews with the protagonist. Also, secondary data from published reports and archives of the company were used for the development of the case. After the case discussion the students will be able to understand the role of project logistics services in the supply chain. They will also understand the role of value-added logistics services such as cross-docking, reverse logistics and customs clearance, and the documentation involved in cross-border logistics. This case is among the first few cases on the concept of project logistics services and their role in the supply chain management.
Is Social Media Use Socially Enhancing or Compensating?
Authors: Gadekar Rahul , Ang Peng Hwa
Published: October 2020

Who benefits more from the use of social media—those who are already socialable and have a wide network of friends or those who do not and so seek to make up for their deficiency by going online? The social enhancement hypothesis says that extroverts benefit more through being able to enlarge their network of friends online more than introverts. The social compensation hypothesis, on the other hand, argues that social media use benefits introverts more; shy users who avoid face-to-face communication can communicate freely online. MANOVA analysis of the survey of 1,392 college students in a western state of India who are Facebook users found evidence predominantly for the social enhancement hypothesis.
Shaping the Post-COVID-19 Development Paradigm in India: Some Imperatives for Greening the Economic Recovery
Authors: Kedia Shailly , Pandey Rita , Sinha Ria
Published: October 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has thrown many challenges for governments across the globe. Building on an initial understanding of the fallouts of the pandemic and the learning from the coping and management responses so far, this article first identifies some necessary elements and notions critical in shaping the post-pandemic development paradigm. The article also examines India’s post-COVID-19 economic package to understand the gaps and the elements we need to build further on for greening the economic recovery. This analysis has benefitted from inputs and insights received from the representatives of industry and subject experts through a webinar and a survey based on a structured, open-ended questionnaire.
Intimate partner homicide and DV victims: A case for compassionate sentencing
Authors: Roff Emma
Published: October 2020

This article examines compassionate sentencing as a model of therapeutic jurisprudence. More specifically, it makes the case for the use of compassionate sentencing as a method for the criminal justice system to better respond to cases of domestic violence victims who kill their abusive partners. By applying a discourse analysis to two case studies, I illustrate the nature and benefits of a compassionate approach to sentencing. Namely, ensuring individualised justice, increasing the therapeutic potential of the law and contributing to more nuanced social constructions of domestic violence.
Analysis and modification of a common energy harvesting system using magnetic shape memory alloys
Authors: Sayyaadi Hassan , Mehrabi Mohammadmahdi , Hoviattalab Maryam
Published: October 2020

In this paper, a common energy harvester is investigated which uses a specimen of magnetic shape memory alloy (MSMA). The aim of this study is to improve system performance and to evaluate the magneto-mechanical loading on the MSMA material. Since demagnetization effect is not included in the employed original MSMA model, a method to incorporate this effect is proposed which has a good performance for the specific magneto-mechanical loading of this problem. In order to decrease the need for bias magnetic field and increase system efficiency, a new return mechanism for the MSMA specimen is proposed. The results indicate that the maximum harvested power from the improved system is obtained at 0.55 T bias field, with 30% increase in power. Then, input mechanical loading in the system is studied. Firstly, applied strain rate caused by mechanical loading is studied, and a nonlinear relation between the induced RMS voltage and strain rate is observed. Next, 2D applied mechanical loading is investigated, and it is shown that by increasing the phase difference between mechanical loads in two directions, the induced voltage decreases. Moreover, applying dynamic effect to the model shows that for thin MSMA specimens, this effect is minor, but by increasing the thickness and loading frequency, the effect becomes tangible.
Safety of Single-Dose Oral Cefixime, Intramuscular Ceftriaxone, or Intramuscular Gentamicin for the Treatment of Gonorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Dresser Jacob , Wilby Kyle John
Published: October 2020

Objective:

To compare the incidence and types of adverse effects between 3 recommended treatment options for gonorrhea and to compare the incidence of injection site pain between single-dose intramuscular ceftriaxone and gentamicin.

Data Sources:

A keyword search of MEDLINE (1966 to September 2020), EMBASE (1947 to September 2020), and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970 to September 2020) was conducted. The electronic search was supplemented with manual screening of references.

Study Selection and Data Extraction:

Comparator studies reporting adverse effect outcomes of treatment with cefixime, ceftriaxone, or gentamicin for gonorrhea in humans were included. Data extracted included study year, authors, aim, setting, population, dosing protocols, and outcome results.

Data Synthesis:

A total of 298 articles were identified, of which 6 met inclusion criteria. Two randomized controlled trials compared ceftriaxone and gentamicin. Four randomized controlled trials compared cefixime and ceftriaxone. No differences were noted for the occurrence of at least 1 adverse effect between gentamicin and ceftriaxone (odds ratio [OR] = 0.81; 95% CI = 0.56-1.18) or between cefixime and ceftriaxone (OR = 1.11; 95% CI = 0.21-5.93). Injection site pain (ceftriaxone and gentamicin) and other adverse effects (all drugs) were common but occurred at similar rates between groups.

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice:

Results of this review show a lack of signal for safety concerns with gentamicin-based regimens for the treatment of gonorrhea. Future research should investigate patient acceptability, especially for intramuscular injections.

Conclusions:

The use of single-dose cefixime, ceftriaxone, and gentamicin-based regimens for treatment of gonorrhea appears to be safe and acceptable for use in practice.
An Evaluation of Continuous Infusion Rocuronium for Sustained Neuromuscular Blockade in Critically Ill Adults
Authors: Groetzinger Lara M. , Hutchins Aaron T. , Rivosecchi Ryan M.
Published: October 2020

Background:

Recent medication shortages of the neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA) cisatracurium have forced the prescribing of aminosteroidal agents such as rocuronium. There are limited data on the use and dosing of continuous infusion (CI) rocuronium in critically ill patients outside of the operating room.

Objective:

We sought to describe the use of CI rocuronium for sustained neuromuscular blockade in intensive care unit (ICU) patients by characterizing the dosing, utilization, and safety profile in patients with multiple organ failure (MOF) and non-MOF.

Methods:

This was a retrospective review of patients in mixed ICUs from 2 tertiary medical centers who received CI rocuronium between January 2018 and July 2019.

Results:

A total of 46 unique rocuronium infusions were utilized for 40 patients during the evaluation period. Of these, 37% had MOF, and 41% had at least 1 organ fail during the rocuronium infusion. The median starting and maximum dose was 8 µg/kg/min. Overall, 64% of train of 4 (TOF) measurements were a TOF 0 (T0) or TOF 1 (T1), with a higher percentage of T0 or T1 in the MOF group compared with the non-MOF group (75% vs 50%). The median time to recovery was more than twice as long for the MOF compared with the non-MOF group (10 vs 4.6 hours). ICU-acquired weakness was diagnosed in 27% of survivors.

Conclusion and Relevance:

In ICU patients with MOF, continuous rocuronium infusions were associated with deep levels of paralysis and prolonged recovery times. If neuromuscular blockade is required for critically ill patients, alternative strategies could be considered.
Incentives and Austerity: How Did the Great Recession Affect Municipal Economic Development Policy?
Authors: Hinkley Sara , Weber Rachel
Published: October 2020

In addition to cuts in social programs, the Great Recession also affected government expenditures once considered less vulnerable to austerity, such as economic development. Using a comparative case study approach, we examine economic development policies and practices in two cities, sampled for similar economic and fiscal conditions: Fresno, California and Milwaukee, Wisconsin. We find that declining state support and local autonomy weakened the municipal economic development function while leaving entrepreneurial logics largely intact. In the face of significant economic and fiscal stress after the Great Recession, both Fresno and Milwaukee remained committed to conventional approaches to stimulating private development, even as their capacity to do so was severely constrained by state pre-emption and cuts in intergovernmental aid. The elimination of city-controlled economic development programs, rescaling of incentives, and state-imposed regulatory restrictions provide a counter-narrative to those claiming that a “new localism” enhanced the role of cities as economic actors after the crisis.
Partial slip contact analysis for a monoclinic half plane
Authors: Çömez İ , Alinia Y , Güler MA , El-Borgi S
Published: October 2020

In this paper, the nonlinear partial slip contact problem between a monoclinic half plane and a rigid punch of an arbitrary profile subjected to a normal load is considered. Applying Fourier integral transform and the appropriate boundary conditions, the mixed-boundary value problem is reduced to a set of two coupled singular integral equations, with the unknowns being the contact stresses under the punch in addition to the stick zone size. The Gauss–Chebyshev discretization method is used to convert the singular integral equations into a set of nonlinear algebraic equations, which are solved with a suitable iterative algorithm to yield the lengths of the stick zone in addition to the contact pressures. Following a validation section, an extensive parametric study is performed to illustrate the effects of material anisotropy on the contact stresses and length of the stick zone for typical monoclinic fibrous composite materials.
Modeling the Economic Effect of Statutory Taxation on Gaming Hospitality
Authors: Gu Xinhua , Sheng Li , Yuen Chun Yip , Lei Chun Kwok
Published: October 2020

This article shows that casino taxation may be welfare enhancing for gaming hospitality resorts due to their market power to export local taxes to tourist customers. The price-inelastic tourism demand for casino gambling plays an important role in such power of tax exportation. We use a mathematical programming model to derive a tax threshold, through which a specific tax can be identified to be good or bad for efficiency. The policy implication is that a high tax should be imposed if enough of the tax burden can be shifted to tourists, but a low tax must be offered otherwise. These results are shown to be useful in practice across travel destinations.
Open-globe-injury: A single center Spanish retrospective 5-year cohort study
Authors: Guzmán-Almagro Elena , Fernandez-Sanz Guillermo , Herrero-Escudero Diana , Contreras Inés , González Martín-Moro Julio
Published: October 2020

Purpose:

To review and analyze the epidemiological profile, clinical characteristics and visual outcomes in patients attended for traumatic open globe injury (OGI) at our hospital over a 5-year period.

Design:

Retrospective chart review study.

Methods:

Retrospective analysis of all patients attended at Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital for OGI between 2011 and 2015. Data from 104 patients including demographics, ocular examination, medical and surgical treatment, visual outcomes, and complications were analyzed.

Results:

Most patients were male (79.8%) and the median age at the time of injury was 41 years (interquartile range 31.5–58 years). Work-related accidents represent more than half of the cases and their main mechanism was penetrating trauma or foreign body. This type of accident had good prognosis (median final visual acuity in decimal scale 0.8; interquartile range 0.4–1). Falls were the second most common cause of OGI, predominantly affecting senior women (50%), with a high incidence of ocular rupture (50%) and associating a poor visual prognosis (median final visual acuity 0.01; interquartile range 0–0.5). There was a strong correlation (0.75; p < 0.001) between ocular trauma score (OTS) and final best corrected visual acuity.

Conclusions:

Two different patterns of OGI were identified in our sample. Work-related trauma in young males was the most common form of OGI and was associated with good prognosis. However, falls in senior women were associated with poor prognosis.
Rapid Femoral Vein Assessment (RaFeVA): A systematic protocol for ultrasound evaluation of the veins of the lower limb, so to optimize the insertion of femorally inserted central catheters
Authors: Brescia Fabrizio , Pittiruti Mauro , Ostroff Matthew , Biasucci Daniele G
Published: October 2020

In this paper we describe a new protocol—named RaFeVA (Rapid Femoral Vein Assessment)—for the systematic US assessment of the veins in the inguinal area and at mid-thigh, designed to evaluate patency and caliber of the common and superficial femoral veins and choose the best venipuncture site before insertion of a FICC.
Contributive action: socially mediated activities of Russians during the COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Bodrunova Svetlana S
Published: October 2020

In April to June 2020, Russia passed through a major COVID-19 lockdown which, as elsewhere, has led to a rise of online connectivity and co-practice. We argue that several online mass-participation activities by Russians during the lockdown have grown into examples of contributive action. As a type of connective action, contributive action is based upon individual motivation to partake in unorganized personal action. However, its focus moves from connection-and-action (mostly impossible during lockdowns) to online projects where user participation-by-contribution turns an activity into socially and/or politically meaningful action. In Russia, activities based on contributive action, such as virtual protests or online Victory Day celebrations, came in place of connective action at a time when offline collectivity was unavailable or minor. They also served as a way back to normality in relations between the society and the state, as well as a means for social coping with the crisis.
Effective coverage of medical treatment for hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia in Japan: An analysis of National Health and Nutrition Surveys 2003–2017
Authors: Ikeda Nayu , Nishi Nobuo , Sugiyama Takehiro , Noda Hiroyuki , Noda Mitsuhiko
Published: October 2020

Objective

To examine trends in effective medical treatment coverage for hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia in Japan, using a metric to assess effective coverage of health interventions derived from a health system performance assessment framework.

Methods

We obtained cross-sectional data for 96,863 individuals aged 40–74 years from the 15 annual Japanese National Health and Nutrition Surveys (2003–2017). We defined treatment need for hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia as biomarkers equal to or greater than diagnostic thresholds or medication use. For individuals needing treatment, we conducted nearest-neighbour matching to estimate treatment effects and effective coverage, defined as the fraction of potential reductions in biomarkers actually achieved in treated individuals by medications.

Results

The age-standardized prevalence of treatment need for hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia remained around 40%, 7% and 33%, respectively, in 2003–2017. Average treatment effects for those treated in 2013–2017 were 14.8 mmHg (95% confidence interval: 14.2–15.4) for systolic blood pressure, 1.2 percentage points (0.8–1.6) for haemoglobin A1c and 57.9 mg/dl (56.6–59.2) for non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Effective coverage significantly increased between 2003–2007 (hypertension: 48.4% [44.7–52.0], diabetes: 43.8% [35.7–51.8], dyslipidaemia: 86.3% [83.1–89.5]) and 2013–2017 (hypertension: 76.2% [74.2–78.2], diabetes: 74.7% [71.0–78.5], dyslipidaemia: 94.6% [93.3–95.9]).

Conclusions

Effective coverage of medical treatment for metabolic risk factors has increased. Most of the potential reductions in non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol have been achieved by statins. Further efforts are necessary to improve the effectiveness of antihypertensive and antidiabetic drugs.
Self-management in children and young people with epilepsy: A systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis
Authors: Mooney Orla , McNicholl Aoife , Lambert Veronica , Gallagher Pamela
Published: October 2020

The aim of this review was to conduct a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies exploring the self-management experiences, attitudes and perspectives of children and young people (CYP) living with epilepsy. Five databases were systematically searched up to September 2019. Fourteen papers were included. One analytical theme: self-management strategies was generated informed by four descriptive themes; concealment; medicine adherence; self-monitoring of activities; and seeking social support. The synthesis identified that while CYP with epilepsy engage in specific self-management strategies, there is limited evidence in understanding self-management and the processes underlying the use of it. Future research examining self-management in childhood is required.
Comparative study of paper-and-pencil and electronic formats of the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale
Authors: Montoro Maria , Arrua-Duarte Elsa , Peñalver-Argüeso Belén , Migoya-Borja Marta , Baca-Garcia Enrique , Barrigón Maria Luisa
Published: October 2020

The gold standard for measuring anhedonia is the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS). To date, there are no validated electronic versions of this questionnaire. We aim to study the equivalence between the traditional paper-and-pencil format and a digital version of the SHAPS. A group of 67 patients completed both SHAPS formats, and differences between formats were assessed. McNemar’s test showed no significant differences between the two systems. The Kappa coefficient was over 40% for most items, and reliability was above 0.8, showing good to excellent levels of internal consistency. Thus, we have demonstrated a close equivalence between paper-and-pencil and electronic SHAPS.
The news production process in the Brazilian journalistic coverage of the 2016 Rio Paralympic Games
Authors: Santos Silvan Menezes dos , Solves Josep , Souza Doralice Lange de
Published: October 2020

The Paralympic Games (PG) are the biggest showcase of disability. Thanks to their growing popularity, they are gradually getting a space in television and social networks and are conquering a space in the print and digital press. Therefore, it is important to guarantee the quality of the coverage of the event and of the messages that are sent about people with disabilities. It is also important to understand what factors interfere with this coverage and these messages. In this context, we developed a study that had as a goal to understand the process of news production about the 2016 Rio PG by Brazilian journalists. We used a descriptive, exploratory, and qualitative approach based on some attributes of the newsmaking and gatekeepers’ studies. We conducted 15 interviews with journalists and editors who covered the event on site or direct from the newsroom. Our results indicate that the main factors that interfered and structured the journalists conditions of production and routines during the coverage of the 2016 Rio PG were: some business issues (prioritization of audience interests and the exclusivity of broadcasting rights); some logistical issues (limitation of coverage to contents that could be accessed from the newsroom; accessibility barriers for journalists with disabilities; transportation between arenas, and reduced teams of journalists); and journalists’ level preparedness to cover the event. The interviews also revealed that the main news criteria for content selection were expected victories and medals, proximity, and curiosity. They said they emphasized content that valued athletes’ sportsmanship and narratives of overcoming adversity.
Laminar-to-turbulent flame transition and cycle-to-cycle variations in large eddy simulation of spark-ignition engines
Authors: Su Yunde , Splitter Derek , Kim Seung Hyun
Published: October 2020

This paper investigates the effect of laminar-to-turbulent flame transition modeling on the prediction of cycle-to-cycle variations (CCVs) in large eddy simulation (LES) of spark-ignition (SI) engines. A laminar-to-turbulent flame transition model that describes the non-equilibrium sub-filter flame speed evolution during an early stage of flame kernel growth is developed. In the present model, the flame transition is characterized by the flame kernel size at which the flame transition ends, defined here as the flame transition scale. The proposed model captures the effects that variations in a turbulent flow field have on the evolution of early-stage burning rates, through variations in the flame transition scale. The proposed flame transition model is combined with the front propagation formulation (FPF) method and a spark-ignition model to predict CCVs in a gasoline direct injection SI engine. It is found that multi-cycle LES with the proposed flame transition model reproduces experimentally-observed CCVs satisfactorily. When the transition model is not considered or when variations in the transition process are neglected, CCVs are significantly under-predicted for the case considered here. These results indicate the importance of modeling the laminar-to-turbulent flame transition and the effect of turbulence on the transition process, when predicting CCVs, under certain engine conditions. The LES results are also used to analyze sources for variations in the flame transition. It is found, for the present engine case, that the most important source is the cycle-to-cycle variation in the turbulence dissipation rate, which is used to measure the strength of turbulence in the proposed model, near a spark plug. The large-scale velocity field and the variations of the laminar flame speed due to the mixture composition and thermal stratification are also found to be important factors to contribute to the variations in the flame transition.
Everyday anthropo-scenes: a visual inventory of human traces
Authors: Gómez Cruz Edgar
Published: October 2020

Presenting an inventory of discarded Adhesive Bandages (ABs) in the city, this visual essay reflects on the pervasive presence of human traces, using the figure of anthropo-scenes. The ABs become a visual metaphor – what used to be a momentary relief for pain, a protective layer, turns into a reminder of the active role humans are playing in the earth’s destruction, a reminder of the tension between human power and their own fragility.
A guide to improve your causal inferences from observational data
Authors: Raymaekers Koen , Luyckx Koen , Moons Philip
Published: October 2020

True causality is impossible to capture with observational studies. Nevertheless, within the boundaries of observational studies, researchers can follow three steps to answer causal questions in the most optimal way possible. Researchers must: (a) repeatedly assess the same constructs over time in a specific sample; (b) consider the temporal sequence of effects between constructs; and (c) use an analytical strategy that distinguishes within from between-person effects. In this context, it is demonstrated how the random intercepts cross-lagged panel model can be a useful statistical technique. A real-life example of the relationship between loneliness and quality of life in adolescents with congenital heart disease is provided to show how the model can be practically implemented.
Translational Approaches to Electrical Stimulation for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Ransom Seth C. , Shahrestani Shane , Lien Brian V. , Tafreshi Ali R. , Brown Nolan J. , Hanst Brian , Lehrich Brandon M. , Ransom R. Chase , Sahyouni Ronald
Published: October 2020

Background

Achieving functional repair after peripheral nerve injury (PNI) remains problematic despite considerable advances in surgical technique. Therein, questions lie regarding the variable capacity of peripheral nerves to regenerate based on environmental influence. In-depth analyses of multiple therapeutic strategies have ensued to overcome these natural obstacles. Of these candidate therapies, electrical stimulation has emerged a frontrunner. Extensive animal studies have reported the ability of brief intraoperative electrical stimulation (BES) to enhance functional regeneration after PNI. Despite these reports, the exact mechanisms by which BES enhances regeneration and its effects on long nerve lesions are largely unknown. Indeed, clinical translation of this seemingly simple therapeutic has not been so simple, but a few studies performed in humans have yielded highly encouraging results.

Objective

We aimed to help bridge this translational gap by presenting the latest clinical trials on electrical stimulation for PNIs in combination with relevant etiologies, treatments and nonclinical findings.

Methods

To do so, a systematic search was performed on PubMed, IEEE, and Web of Science databases up to February 2020 using keywords significant to our study. References of each manuscript were screened for additional manuscripts of relevance to our study.

Results

We found multiple BES clinical studies reporting enhanced functional recovery or increased nerve regeneration. Although improved outcomes were reported, high variability after BES is seen between and within species likely due to injury severity, location and timeline along with other factors.

Conclusion

Further clinical studies and introduction of novel delivery platforms are vital to uncover the true regenerative potential of electrical stimulationtherapy.
Increased M1 Macrophages Infiltration Correlated With Poor Survival Outcomes and Radiation Response in Gliomas
Authors: Zhou Zhaoming , Wen Lei , Lai Mingyao , Shan Changguo , Wang Jian , Wang Rong , Li Hainan , Chen Longhua , Cai Linbo , Zhou Meijuan , Zhou Cheng
Published: October 2020

Background:

Gliomas are the malignance of a poor prognosis. The current WHO classification remains unable to predict survival outcomes accurately. Novel surrogates are highly required for improved stratification of patients and hence, allowing to delivery of the most appropriate treatment.

Methods:

Transcriptional profiles of 301 glioma cases on the platform of Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) were retrospectively studied.

Results:

Extracellular matrix (ECM) scores were established by integrating a panel of most featured gene-signatures, correlating well with pathological tumor stages. Linear regression analysis revealed that the ECM score corroborated with the infiltration status of monocytes, M0 and M1 macrophages. Furthermore, the WHO stage II-IV dependent abundance of those 3 immune cells was determined. Univariate and multivariate analysis of clinicopathological characteristics in the GBM cohort identified M1 enrichment score as an independent risk factor. A high abundance of M1 macrophages was associated with poor survival outcomes and radiotherapy response in IDH-wildtype GBM.

Conclusions:

Our study demonstrated that M1 macrophages correlated with WHO grades and predicted robustly for the survival performance for GBM patients. Increased infiltration of M1 macrophages was associated with a poor radiation response for IDH-wildtype GBM. Together, it will facilitate more precise stratifications of glioma patients based on molecular and immunological surrogates.
Electromagnetic simulation of an external rotor PM hub motor power device for distributed driving electric vehicle
Authors: Chen Qiping , Tian Yue , Liao Chuanjie , Kang Sheng , Wang Ning
Published: October 2020

In order to increase efficiency and reliability of hub motor power device for distributed driving electric vehicle, a novel hub motor with an external rotor PM (permanent magnet) is designed and optimized. The performance parameters of hub motor are computed and selected based on vehicle dynamics indicators and the driving equations. This paper determines the optimum primary size of hub motor by choosing appropriate magnetic circuit structure and integrating three key parameters, including as stator split ratio, electromagnetic load and viscous damping coefficient. This paper has built the analysis model of external rotor PM hub motor, and simulated and analyzed the transient magnetic field of hub motor under no-load and load transient or steady state. Simulation results indicate that the external rotor PM hub motor designed by combining stator split ratio, electromagnetic load and viscous damping coefficient has satisfactory electromagnetic performance, which can satisfy the performance requirements and indicators of hub motor power device for distributed driving electric vehicles.
Secondary prevention among uninsured stroke patients: A free clinic study
Authors: MacDonald Madeline R , Zarriello Sydney , Swanson Justin , Ayoubi Noura , Mhaskar Rahul , Mirza Abu-Sayeef
Published: October 2020

Objectives:

Free clinics manage a diversity of diseases among the uninsured. We sought to assess the medical management of stroke in a population of uninsured patients.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review was conducted to collect chronic disease statistics from 6558 electronic medical records and paper charts at nine free clinics in Tampa, Florida, from January 2016 to December 2017. Demographics and risk factors were compared between stroke patients and non-stroke patients. Medication rates for several comorbidities were also assessed.

Results:

Two percent (107) of patients had been diagnosed with a stroke. Stroke patients were older (mean (M) = 56.0, standard deviation (SD) = 11.2) than the rest of the sample (M = 43.3, SD = 15.4), p < 0.001 and a majority were men (n = 62, 58%). Of the stroke patients with hypertension (n = 79), 81% (n = 64) were receiving anti-hypertensive medications. Of the stroke patients with diabetes (n = 43), 72% (n = 31) were receiving diabetes medications. Among all stroke patients, 44% were receiving aspirin therapy (n = 47). Similarly, 39% of all stroke patients (n = 42) were taking statins.

Conclusions:

Uninsured patients with a history of stroke may not be receiving adequate secondary prevention highlighting the risk and vulnerability of uninsured patients. This finding identifies an area for improvement in secondary stroke prevention in free clinics.
A case of dermatomyositis with anti-TIF1γ antibodies revealing isolated para-aortic lymphadenopathy metastatic recurrence of endometrial cancer: A case report
Authors: Lim Darosa , Landon-Cardinal Océane , Belisle Annie , Davar Sandra
Published: October 2020

Dermatomyositis is an inflammatory myopathy presenting with characteristic cutaneous eruption and may be accompanied by proximal muscle weakness. Dermatomyositis may represent a paraneoplastic syndrome in 15%–25% of cases and has rarely been associated with endometrial cancer. Herein, we report a case of dermatomyositis with anti-TIF1γ antibodies as the first clinical manifestation revealing isolated para-aortic lymphadenopathy metastatic recurrence of endometrial cancer after 4 years of remission. Interestingly, dermatomyositis rash completely resolved after lymphadenectomy. This case highlights the importance of early dermatomyositis diagnosis, thorough cancer screening, and that cancer treatment may, in some patients, foster dermatomyositis remission.
Birth of Census Towns in India: An Economic Analysis
Authors: Chakrabarti Saumyabrata , Mukherjee Vivekananda
Published: October 2020

In Indian census, the reclassification of villages as small towns (called census towns) has been startling during the decade 2001–2011 and accounted for almost 30 per cent of urbanization, which is significantly larger than their growth rate in previous decades. Though reclassified as towns, they are governed as rural settlements. This article applies urban economic theory along with rural–urban labour market dynamics to identify the factors behind the birth of census towns. It also attempts to empirically check the validity of some of the hypotheses of the theoretical model it develops by using data from the state of West Bengal during 2001–2011 where the growth rate of census towns had been one of the highest in India. It turns out that the higher formal sector income in the nearby urban centres with lower extent of urban sprawl is the major factor explaining the birth of census towns.

JEL Classification: R11, R12, R23
Bridging the Divisum: A Rare Case of Pancreaticopleural Fistula in the Setting of Complete Pancreatic Divisum Treated Endoscopically
Authors: Peterson Rachel , Mukherjee Samiran , Harne Prateek Suresh , Quraeshi Sahir , Sharma Anuj Vikrant , Masood Umair , Manocha Divey
Published: October 2020

A pancreaticopleural fistula (PPF) is a rare complication of chronic pancreatitis that occurs either due to a pancreatic duct disruption or a pseudocyst extension. A pancreatic divisum, on the other hand, is a common anatomic variant of the pancreas that is rarely symptomatic. We describe a case of recurrent pleural effusion in a patient with a history of chronic pancreatitis. Investigations revealed the presence of a PPF and a concomitant complete pancreatic divisum. There was resolution of the pleural effusion on endoscopic therapy. This is the fourth reported case of a PPF in the setting of complete pancreatic divisum and the first reported case in a middle-aged female.
Perception that Mothers and / or Guardians of Overweight or Obese Preschool Children Have of a Text Messaging Program to Support Behaviour Change in their Children
Authors: Parra-Soto Solange , Ortega Alejandra , Celis-Morales Carlos , Kain Juliana
Published: October 2020

In most childhood obesity preventive programs, parents are targeted as they are key in achieving lifestyle behavior change in their children. Because their participation is generally low, new technologies, such as text messaging, are being tested to assess if their participation increases. The objective of this study was to determine the perception that mothers of overweight/ obese preschool children have of a textmessaging program developed to support their children’s lifestyle behavior change. Text messages were sent to 60 mothers twice a week for 12 weeks; 58 of them said they received all of them. During the process mothers were contacted twice regarding their opinion on all aspects related to the messages. At follow-up, we determined perception by in depth interviews administered to participants. Results show that text messaging implemented in a personalized manner was considered successful in regards to providing useful information to support their children’s behavior change.