bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of lanthanum(III)-containing heteropoly compounds with a Peacock-Weakley type anion from aqueous-organic solutions
Authors: Mariichak O. Yu. , Zakharchuk A. O. , Rozantsev G. M. , Radio S. V
Published: January 2023

Conditions necessary for the formation of La(III)-containing polyoxotungstates in solutions of the system Na2WO4 – HNO3 – La(NO3)3 – H2O/Solvent (Solvent = acetone, acetonitrile, ethanol; 50/50 vol.% Н2О: Solvent ratio) acidified to acidity Z = ν(H+)/ν(WO42–) = 0.80 were elaborated. It was established that during salting out, the addition of an organic solvent leads to the crystallization of normal salts, Na9[La(W5O18)2]·nH2O (n = 32–35). Using FT-IR spectroscopy, it was shown that the anion [La(W5O18)2]9– in the composition of the isolated salts belongs to the Peacock–Weakley type of structure and the absence of solvent molecules in the composition of the crystalline product was established. Using the method of scanning electron microscopy, the single-phase nature of the synthesized salts was established (according to the uniform contrast of the surface of the samples during scanning in the backscattered electron mode and according to the results of energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis), and the grain sizes were determined (from 140–300 nm for the salt isolated from the H2O: acetone medium, to 300–450 nm for the salt isolated from the H2O: ethanol system). Microphotographs of powders of Na9[La(W5O18)2]·nH2O salts powders in characteristic X-ray emission do not show zones with different surface morphology, and demonstrate uniform distributions of Na, La, W, and O without segregation, which confirms the single–phase nature of the samples isolated from aqueous-organic solutions. The conducted research made it possible to expand the list of organic solvents that can be used for the synthesis of normal salts with a heteropoly anion with a Peacock–Weakley type of structure from aqueous-organic solutions. The use of acetonitrile and ethanol for Na9[La(W5O18)2 ]·nH2O isolating can be extended to the synthesis of salts with other lanthanide heteroatoms.
STRUCTURAL-SEMANTIC PECULARITIES OF PHRASES WITH THE “CAT” COMPONENT (BASED ON FRENCH, ENGLISH AND UKRAINIAN LANGUAGES)
Authors: Kokkina L. R. , Mlynchyk A. V. , Shchetnique I. S.
Published: January 2023

This paper presents an investigation of structural and semantic pecularities of french, english and ukrainian phrases with the “cat” component. Phraseologisms are an important layer of any language, which function both in colloquial and literary variants, filling with new meaning. Scientific achievements in the studied phraseology of individual languages give a reason to emphasize the presence of various universals in it, and from this it becomes possible to highlight the phenomena of general phraseology. It is from this point of view that this work examines the theoretical foundations of general phraseology as an integral part of the systems of individual languages. One of the sources of enrichment of the literary language with expressive and pictorial possibilities is the national idiomatic heritage, in particular, zoosemic phraseological units. The article examines the current state of developments in the field of modern philology regarding the concept of phraseologism, the peculiarities of the functioning of a phrase with a zoonym component based on the material of modern French, English, and Ukrainian languages. A comparative analysis of the variability of the formation and structural-semantic divergence of the studied units with the “cat” component proves that the inclusion of zoonyms in the phraseology testifies to the important role of animals in the general interpretive picture of the world, which is determined by the traditional model of the transfer of animal qualities to humans and vice versa. The conducted research is based, in particular, on the classification of factual material according to grammatical features, which allows one to clearly understand the similarities and differences in the formation of the corresponding phrases. The few works of domestic and foreign linguists in this field are mainly devoted to the general study of animalisms of all classes. However, they do not fully reflect the role of such representatives of the fauna as the cat in creating the linguistic identity of the nation. To date, there is a lack of comprehensive works that would trace the structural and semantic features of the functioning of zoonyms as part of phraseological units on the material of several languages, which proves the relevance of our research.
Introduction
Authors: Smalls Shanté Paradigm
Published: January 2023

New York City hip hop artists actively engage in the transformative and disruptive power of three aesthetic forms often conceived as disparate, distinct, and antagonistic: Black aesthetics, queer aesthetics, and hip hop aesthetics.
Queer Hip Hop, Queer Dissonance
Authors: Smalls Shanté Paradigm
Published: January 2023

This historical, ethnographic, and archival chapter focuses on the history and performances of queer-(LGBTQ)-identified hip hop DJs, emcees, dancers, and graffiti artists from 1982 to 2005. The chapter focuses on early gay hip hop DJ Man Parrish, as well as on the LGBTQ hip hop festival Peace Out East (2004–2007). I argue these artists and spaces have a particular sonic import and queer aesthetic—queer dissonance—that interrupts linear understandings of race, gender, sexuality, and musical acumen inside hip hop culture.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Agen Pensulfonasi Terhadap Karakteristik Membran Selulosa Bakterial Tersulfonasi Pada Aplikasi DMFC
Authors: Nayla Mahdiya , Radiman Cynthia Linaya
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi agen pensulfonasi asam klorosulfonat pada membran selulosa bakterial untuk aplikasi DMFC (Direct Methanol Fuel Cell). Konsentrasi asam klorosulfonat yang digunakan 0,5-3% dengan sulfonasi menggunakan metode MAOS (Microwave Assisted Organic Synthesis). Karakterisasi membran meliputi analisis gugus fungsi dengan FTIR, swelling, konduktivitas proton, kapasitas penukar ion, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) dan penentuan kadar sulfur dengan EDS (Electron Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy). Hasil analisis FTIR menunjukkan munculnya puncak pada bilangan gelombang 1163 cm-1 yang menunjukkan vibrasi asimetris S=O pada sulfonat. Uji penggembungan membran menunjukkan bahwa derajat penggembungan mengalami kenaikan sebanding dengan persentase kadar asam klorosulfonat. Nilai konduktivitas dan kapasitas penukar ion membran selulosa bakterial tersulfonasi juga meningkat seperti derajat swelling. Foto permukaan membran dengan SEM menunjukkan morfologi serat membran selulosa bakterial. Kadar sulfur pada permukaan membran selulosa bakterial tersulfonasi semakin besar seiring dengan bertambahnya persentase asam klorosulfonat. Hal ini menunjukkan semakin banyaknya gugus –OH yang tersubstitusi dengan –SO3H pada membran selulosa bakterial tersebut. Sulfonasi membran selulosa bakterial paling baik dengan asam klorosulfonat 3% menghasilkan karakteristik derajat penggembungan 183,54%, konduktivitas 0,052 S/cm, kapasitas penukar ion 3,88 meq/g serta persentase kadar sulfur 0,94%.
Aktivitas Imunostimulan Ekstrak Metanol Biji Kurma (Phoenix dactylifera) secara In Silico Terhadap Reseptor GIF dan COX-2 serta Uji In Vitro melalui Proliferasi Sel Limfosit Mencit
Authors: Warnasih Siti , Ishlah Tamimah Shafwatul , Azzahra Dianda Namira , Syahputra Gita
Published: January 2023

Dates (Phoenix dactylifera) is one of the plants that very useful, but the date palm seeds that become waste have not been widely used. Based on studies that are known to contain bioactive compounds that can be suspected as antioxidants, antimicrobials and anti-inflammatory. However, research on immunostimulants from dates, especially in silico and in vitro, has not been widely carried out. Therefore, this study aims to determine the potential of date seed bioactive compounds as immunostimulants through in silico against Human Glycosylation-Inhibiting Factor (1GIF) and Human Cyclooxygenase-2 (5IKR) receptors as well as in vitro through the proliferation of lymphocyte cells of male mice (Mus musculus) balb/c strains with the MTT Assay methods. The results of the in silico study showed that 5-O-Caffeoylshikimic Acid had the highest interaction and stability, Gibbs free energy with 1GIF and 5IKR receptors, -6.68 kcal/mol and -8.58 kcal/mol, respectively. This value is known to be higher than the Caffeic Acid as control ligand. The results of in vitro research obtained methanol extract of date seeds at a concentration series of 6.25; 12.5; 25 µg/mL had higher lymphocyte cell proliferation activity which was indicated by an increasing OD value, and at a concentration of 25 μg/mL produces the highest immunostimulant activity. Therefore, date seed extract containing the compound 5-O-Caffeoylshikimic Acid can potentially be an immunostimulant agent.
Fabrication and Characterization of Ibuprofen and Ceftriaxone loaded Electrospun Cellulose Acetate Nanofiber Layers as a Model of Targeted Drug Delivery System
Authors: Satriawan Novrynda Eko , Khotib Junaidi , Nasir Muhamad , Zaidan A. H.
Published: January 2023

This study aims to study the process of fabricating and characterization nanofibers based on cellulose acetate polymer filled with ceftriaxone and ibuprofen using the electrospinning method as a model for a targeted drug delivery system. Cellulose acetate has been successfully fabricated into nanofibers using the electrospinning method and filled with ceftriaxone and ibuprofen. The resulting nanofibers have an average diameter in the range of 412.5 – 558.5 nm under the conditions of the electrospinning process, namely 22 kV voltage, 15 cm distance, and flow rate. 0.005 mL/min using acetone/DMAc (2:1). Based on the data generated from the FTIR test, homogeneity, and drug release test, it is known that the resulting nanofibers, namely cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate-ceftriaxone, and cellulose acetate-ibuprofen, have good morphological characteristics, homogeneity, and release rate so that they have the potential to be used as a targeted drug delivery system
Complication and Infection Risk using Bone Substitute Materials to Treat Long Bone Defects in Geriatric Patients– An Observational Study
Authors: Pawelke Jonas , Vinayahalingam Vithusha , El Khassawna Thaqif , Heiss Christian , Eckl Larissa , Knapp Gero
Published: January 2023

When bone substitutes materials are used, the increased risk of infection due to the none-autogenic graft is often discussed. The treatment of large bone defects in geriatric patients, often with osteoporotic bone, often presents major challenges to surgery. Bone substitutes materials are available indefinitely without the risk of additional surgery in each patient. Can bone substitutes materials be used without hesitation in the geriatric patient?Eighty-three patients suffered traumatic fractures of the distal radius, proximal humerus, and proximal tibia. The defect zones were filled with bone substitute material based on nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (NHA) or calcium phosphate (CP). For comparison, a reference group without the void filling with a bone graft substitute (void defects, ED) was studied. All patients over the age of 64 years were retrospectively evaluated for complications and radiological outcomes. Results: 106 patients sustained traumatic fractures of the distal radius (68.9%), proximal humerus (5.7%), and proximal tibia (22.6%). No differences in infections were found when comparing the groups (p=1.0). retrospectively evaluated. The KEM group had a nonsignificantly lower rate of pseudarthrosis (p=0.09). A relative risk (RR) reduction of complications of 32.64% was observed when bone grafting material was used. The NNT for the prevention of complications was 5.99. When bone healing was assessed by radiological images, some follow-up studies showed significant differences in fracture bridging (p<0.001).Conclusions: In contrast to previous studies, bone substitutes materials can support the healing process in geriatric patients without relevant disadvantages. With an NNT of 6 regarding complications, many patients could benefit from bone graft augmentation. No increased infection rate was observed.
Comparative Study of Different Ion-exchange Membrane Types in Diffusion Dialysis for the Separation of Sulfuric Acid and Nickel Sulfate
Authors: Loza Sergey , Loza Natalia , Kovalchuk Nikita , Romanyuk Nazar , Loza Julia
Published: January 2023

The application of diffusion dialysis using various types of ion-exchange membranes for the separation of sulfuric acid and nickel sulfate has been evaluated. The process of dialysis separation of a real waste solution from an electroplating facility containing 252.3 g/L of sulfuric acid, 20.9 g/L of nickel ions and small amounts of zinc, iron, copper ions, etc. has been studied. Heterogeneous cation-exchange membrane containing sulfo groups and heterogeneous anion-exchange membranes with different thicknesses (from 145 μm to 550 μm) and types of fixed groups (4 samples with quaternary amino groups and 1 sample with secondary and tertiary amino groups) are used. The diffusion fluxes of sulfuric acid, nickel sulfate, and the total and osmotic fluxes of the solvent are determined. The use of a cation-exchange membrane does not allow separation of the components, since the fluxes of both components are low and comparable in magnitude. The use of anion-exchange membranes makes it possible to efficiently separate sulfuric acid and nickel sulfate. At the same time, the thin dialysis membrane turns out to be the most effective, as well as the membranes with quaternary amino groups, and the membrane with secondary and tertiary amino groups proved to be the least effective.
Анализ динамики эпидемического процесса COVID-19 в мире за неделю с 14.01.2023 г. по 20.01.2023 г.
Authors: Зимирова Анастасия , Поспелов Михаил , Иванова Александра , Дмитриева Людмила , Чумачкова Елена , Карнаухов Игорь , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: January 2023

В обзоре представлен анализ эпидемиологической ситуации в странах мира по COVID-19 за неделю с 14.01.2023 г. по 20.01.2023 г.
Распространение вариантов вируса SARS-COV-2, вызывающих озабоченность (VOC) на основе количества их геномов, депонированных в базу данных GISAID за неделю с 14.01.2023 г. по 20.01.2023 г.
Authors: Дмитриева Людмила , Краснов Ярослав , Чумачкова Елена , Осина Наталья , Зимирова Анастасия , Иванова Александра , Карнаухов Игорь , Караваева Татьяна , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: January 2023

В обзоре представлена информация по циркулирующим в настоящее время вари-антам вируса SARS-COV-2 вызывающих озабоченность (VOC), геномные последовательности которых размещены в международной базе данных GISAID за неделю с 14 по 20 января 2023 г.
Effect of Osmosis Time and Sucrose Concentration on The Antioxidant Activity of Red Dragon Fruit Juice (Hylocereus polyrhizus)
Authors: Azizah Idha Noer , Budiandari Rahmah Utami , WDP Al Machfudz
Published: January 2023

Dragon fruit contains antioxidants, beta-carotene, ascorbic acid and dietary fiber content in the form of pectin. Antioxidant are chemical compounds that can donate one or more electrons to free radicals to inhibit free radical reactions. Red dragon fruit can be processed into natural red dragon fruit juice using osmosis extraction. Osmotic extraction is done by soaking the fruits with sugar, it is done so that the water comes out towards the media. The advantages of osmosis are also many of them are easy, natural manufacture, the tools used are simple so that the fruit juice produced is safe for consumption by humans. The purpose of this study to determine the antioxidant activity of red dragon fruit juice. Antioxidant activity testing was carried out using the DPPH method (1,1 Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). This research was conducted using a factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) with the first factor being sugar concentration which consisted of 3 treatment levels, namely (25%, 50% and 75%) and the second factor was osmosis duration (12, 24, and 36 hours). The results showed that red dragon fruit juice in the 24-hour 50% treatment had the highest antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 28.
To the Question of the Metaphysical Status of the Rose of the World by Daniil Andreyev
Authors:   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Chindin Igor V.
Published: January 2023

The article examines the phenomenon of the Rose of the World by Daniil An­dreyev in the aspect of its metaphysical content. The dynamics of changes in this content of the period from 1956 to 1958 is analyzed; the metaphysical meaning of the phenomenon is considered, contained in the XII Act and the Afterword of the “Iron Mystery” (1956) and, on the other hand, in the XII Book of the “me­tahistorical treatise” “The Rose of the World” (1958). An observation is made about the discrepancy and difference of contents that Andreyev puts into the phe­nomenon of the Rose of the World of the “Mystery” and “treatise”, as well as the changing attitude of the author towards it a short time after his release from Vladimir prison. The facts of the presence of two variants of the phenomenon (the Rose of the World of the “Mystery” and the Rose of the World of the “treat­ise”) and the decrease in its metaphysical significance from 1956 to 1958 are re­corded. Assumption is made about the significant influence of socio-political factors (repression) on the transgression of Andreyev the writer: on the exit from artistic discourse and subsequent introduction to integral (“mythical”) know­ledge. It is concluded that it is necessary to take into account the cultural and traumatic nature of the gained experienced by the repressed artist when analyz­ing the result of his holistic cognition – the newest mythical chronotope Rose of the World.
Psychological Concept of the Scientific Rationality Types Part 1. Ideal Objects and the Types of Rationality
Authors:   ANO «Research Centre “Analytic”», Nikolaev Dmitry E.
Published: January 2023

The article presents a psychological concept of the scientific rationality types, which is based on the constructivist version of the Self-Determination Theory. In part 1, the author shows that the scientific rationality type of a particular theory is determined by the content features of used ideal objects. Depending on the contribution of two components – elements of sensory experience and “free fiction” of the researcher – it is proposed to distinguish eight types of ratio­nality. The conditionally objective type assumes that scientific knowledge is mathematized and is constructed using ideal objects that do not have a scientific sense. Within the framework of three externalized types of rationality, ideal ob­jects created in three different ways have both a scientific sense and perceptual counterparts. The three internalized types of scientific rationality are associated with ideal objects also constructed in different ways that have a scientific sense, but do not have perceptual counterparts. All of these variants assume that ideal objects describe the reality being studied. In contrast to them, the eighth, con­structivist type of scientific rationality involves the use of ideal objects that are fundamentally unrelated to external reality.
The Coexistence of Human Dignity and Human Rights
Authors:   Institute for the Philosophy and Law at the Novosibirsk State University, Kravets Igor A.
Published: January 2023

The article discusses the issues of the relationship between human dignity and human rights as a subject of philosophical and legal discussion, examines the problems of relations between law and morality in comprehending the dig­nity of the human person and human rights, reveals various sources of dignity, their significance for the modern understanding of dignity in scientific jurispru­dence and philosophy of law, a critical look at theological and secular, philo­sophical and legal sources; the role of abolitionism and philosophy of natural law and natural human rights in the development of an egalitarian understanding of human dignity, the relationship of human dignity and abilities, the conditions for their development as human potential is evaluated. Human dignity is identi­fied as a matrix of human qualities, which has a unique public law, philosophi­cal, ethical and existential status. In the triad of principles – the principle of hope, the principle of responsibility and the principle of dignity, the leading humanistic and existential, as well as integrating role is played by the principle of human dignity. The author reveals the problem of integrity and heuristic value of human dignity, the philosophical and legal significance of human dignity in the context of the provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The purpose of the article is to identify the content of the problem of unity and differentiation of human dignity and human rights in the context of ethical, exis­tential, and legal dialogue; the importance of the constituent function of the dig­nity of the individual for the human rights system; the problem of positive and negative interdependence of human rights. The methodological basis of the ar­ticle was the discursive approach and critical rationalism in legal research, methods of dialectics and legal engineering; they allow us to determine the metaphilosophi­cal and meta-legal nature of human dignity, its gravitational role in the construction and development of both human rights and his abilities.
The Concrete Idealism of Sergei Trubetskoy and the Idea of Concreteness in Russian Philosophy. “Round table” materials
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pruzhinin Boris I. , Antonov Konstantin M. ,   St. Tikhon Orthodox Humanitarian University, Belkind fr. Georgy ,   Educational Fund of Brothers Sergey and Evgeny Troubetski’s, Vanchugov Vasiliy V. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Ermishina Ksenia B. ,   Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn House of Russian Expatriates, Kozyrev Aleksey P. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Mezhuev Boris V. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University,   Russian State University For The Humanities, Reznichenko Anna I. ,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Sidorin Vladimir V. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Shchedrina Tatiana G. ,   Moscow State Pedagogical University
Published: January 2023

In March 2022, the journal Voprosy filosofii and Educational fund of brothers Sergey and Evgeny Troubetski’s held a “round table” dedicated to the 160th an­niversary of the birth of the Russian philosopher Prince Sergei Nikolaevich Troubetskoy (1862–1905). The participants identified the most relevant, signifi­cant aspects of the teachings of Sergey Nikolayevich and, at the same time, pre­sented a holistic vision of his work. Participants focused on the following questions: 1. The idea of concreteness as a characteristic feature of Russian idealistic metaphysics: Vl.S. Solovyov, S.N. Troubetskoy, G.G. Shpet, S.A. Askoldov, Fr. Pavel Florensky, I.A. Ilyin. 2. The principle of the conciliar consciousness of Sergey Troubetskoy as the epistemology of concreteness. New about the premises of Troubetskoy’s concrete idealism in his philosophical correspondence with his brother. 3. Conciliar consciousness and perspectives of the national philosophy of memory. 4. The idea of the autonomy of the academic community as the most important principle of Sergey Troubetskoy's social activities. 5. The specifics of the national liberalism of the Troubetskoy brothers and its difference from the conservative liberalism of Boris Chicherin. 6. Philosophy of Sergey Troubetskoy in the context of the evolution of the Russian philosophy of unitotality. 7. Eurasianism as an ancestral choice: why did the son of Sergey Troubetskoy reconsider the ideological heritage of his father? During the discussion, productive discussions arose, opening up prospects for further research on topical problems in the history of Russian philosophy. Ac­cordingly, the “round table” materials are published below.
Becoming of the Methodology of Complex-semiotic Thinking in Dialogue with Quantum Mechanics
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arshinov Vladimir I. , Budanov Vladimir G. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2023

It is stated that the process of human evolution on planet Earth has entered a permanent crisis mode. The Earth’s civilization is facing a growing set of challenges, threats of uncertainty, even in the very near future. These chal­lenges are associated with the onset of the epoch of the Anthropocene, when human intervention in the bio-geo-sphere leads to its irreversible transforma­tions, which with a high degree of probability may not be compatible with his own existence. On the other hand, on the horizon of the crisis evolution of mankind, a qualitatively new but still ghostly virtual entity appears, called artificial intelligence, which carries a potential threat of its enslavement, turn­ing it into a new pet at best. In this context, a request is rapidly being formed for a new way (or mode) of integratively oriented polyocular thinking, a new conceptual optics that allows us to comprehend the current situation here and now, in order to build a variety of possible scenarios for future human co­evolution, technology and the environment endowed with semiotic agency. Complexity thinking is evolutionary thinking together with complexity, think­ing quantum-relativistic, mediating, procedural-temporal, thinking immersed in a non-equilibrium flow of becoming distinctions, along with the retention of the distinguishable and indistinguishable, as a kind of figure and background, text and context, self-organizing autopoietic system and structurally related en­vironment. Thus, this mode of thinking becomes a recursive semiotically loaded contingent process in which the dialectic of necessity and randomness generates its qualitatively new states. Summing up, we can say that complexity acts as a kind of potentially active background, not fully manifested process, an infinite-dimensional quantum mechanical function, contact-meeting with which brings to life the appearance of a figure, a sign and its observer, referred to by us as a cross-border observer of network complexity.
To the Origins of Fractal Theory
Authors:   Institute of Social and Humanitarian Education, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Knyazev Victor N. , Morozov Maxim Yu. ,   Institute for the Humanities and Social Sciences
Published: January 2023

The article attempts to give internal contours of historical genesis of the general theory of fractality. Through the analysis of current scientific positions the neces­sity of theoretical comprehension of fractal as a philosophical category is shown and the absence of its unified theory is stated. The article makes logical and methodological reflection of the present ideas about fractality and methods of its research. The authors reveal general definitions of fractality and, through their prism, search for the logical basis of the subject of research. In retrospective movement the genealogy of the theory of fractal is reconstructed and the roots of fractal problematics, which go back to the Pythagorean doctrine of number, are shown. The conclusion is made about the coincidence of the general theory of fractality (understood as dialectics and theory of cognition of its subject) with theoretical mathematics as applied dialectical logic, which reflects a tense con­nection with social needs.
Studia humaniora, or The Spiritual-Aesthetic Meaning of Art in Mature Friedrich Schlegel
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bychkov Victor V.
Published: January 2023

Schlegel sees philosophy and poetry (all forms of artistic expression) as two key components of human spiritual culture. In his mind they are tightly linked as dif­ferent ways of expressing divine truth and beauty. Both art and philosophy be­long to the sphere of the sophia, the difference being that philosophy aims at sep­arating truth from beauty and art expresses both in their unity. Philosophy, as a subdivision of prose, is focused on concepts and the “definite”, while poetry is focused on contemplation, expressive imagery, and the “indefinite”. Prose, in­cluding philosophy, communicates, while poetry depicts. Philosophy and poetry are united by their “transcendental view of things”, except that it is expressed in different forms. Schlegel distinguishes between exoteric and esoteric poetry. The former is limited to the expression of beauty in human life, while the latter attempts to express the essential foundations of the world in general. Schlegel considers three aspects of the poet’s approach to the object of expression: fancy, depiction, and inspiration. He pays a special attention to the philosophical atti­tude of art to time and eternity and to their dialectical link in artistic practice. He thinks of eternity as the fullness of the past, present, and future times. The creativity of every artist is guided personally by his “great idea”. Contem­plating this idea, the artist attempts to express it in images of his art. Schlegel sees the main task of philosophy and art in getting the human being closer to the sphere of the divine.
Can an Intelligent Robot Be Able to Have Ethical Features?
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Dubrovsky David I. , Efimov Albert R. ,   OJSV Sberbank, Matveev Philipp M. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: January 2023

Ethical issues in the development of artificial intelligence (AI) have been widely discussed in recent years, not only in the philosophical, but in the scientific liter­ature. This is largely due to the fear of obvious risks and threats that the growing digitalization causes in almost all areas of social life. Ethical research of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies becomes extremely relevant in the context of cre­ating a general AI system, that is, a human-level agent. This task seems difficult since ethics cannot present to engineers a normative system in the form of a cer­tain hierarchical architecture for its computational implementation. In this re­gard, authors of this article see an opportunity to avoid this uncertainty in de­signing an autonomous system of general AI by constructing particular models based on the classifier of activities. This will allow one to algorithmize the nec­essary ethical functions. There are two circumstances that need to be taken into account in further studies of artificial moral agency: (1) the continuality of any algorithmic model of an ethical system and (2) the effectiveness of the “reinforce­ment learning” method in modeling a situation of uncertainty and the mechanism of physiological pain as one of the factors in the formation of moral behavior.
Culture and History as Dimensions of Contemporary Epistemology
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pruzhinin Boris I.
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to understanding the cultural and historical aspects of the original concept of constructive (“activity”) realism, which is being deve­loped by Academician Vladislav Alexandrovich Lektorsky (we celebrate his 90th birthday this year). The author suggests that the concept of the hero of the day (as well as the basis of the cultural and historical epistemology on which the author of the article relies) is based on the interpretation of a holistic person who actively transforms reality in cultural and historical communication with other people. Realizing this cultural and historical foundation of knowledge, and its gen­eral humanistic problems, V.A. Lektorsky focuses on the cognitive and technical aspects of modern epistemological issues, and cultural-historical epistemology em­phasizes the specifics of communication within advanced interdisciplinary re­search programs (megascience). In multidisciplinary scientific communications, a special layer of interaction-collaboration has been defined, which implies under­standing of each other by scientists at the sign-symbolic level. Phenomenological issues in this context becomes the center of the scientist’s methodological guide­lines, since it allows interpreting the “historical” and “cultural” not so much as changeable and relative, but as dynamically balanced, allowing one to think of sci­entific modernity as historically successive. At the same time, both concepts are based on the traditions of the domestic intellectual culture of the twentieth century, which includes the ideas of G.G. Shpet and M.M. Bakhtin, S.L. Rubinstein and V.P. Zinchenko, E.V. Ilyenkov and G.P. Shchedrovitsky.
Transformation of Scientific Objectivity and Scientific Self: Specificities of Ethical and Epistemological Regime of Digitalization
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Baeva Angelina V.
Published: January 2023

The development in recent decades of empirical ways to investigate and describe science generates a change in the conceptual apparatus of epistemology, i.e. the content and functions of epistemic concepts, in particular, the concepts of ob­jectivity and self. Scientific objectivity ceases to be understood as an abstract epistemic concept in modern epistemology. It begins to refer to specific histori­cally varied practices, that a scientist must perform in order to be objective. The scientific self as a special kind of identity turns out to be historically prac­ticed along with the scientific objectivity. A certain type of scientific self devel­ops under the influence of certain scientific practices (in particular, practices of creating visual images) and practices of following a certain “epistemic virtue” (in particular, objectivity). There are, various visualization methods (use of dia­grams, maps, photographs, compilation of atlases) become one of the fundamen­tal and integral parts of building scientific argumentation in modern scientific practices. The purpose of our research is an attempt to explicate a possible an­swer to the question of what is the past, present and possible future of scientific objectivity and scientific self in the era of digitalization.
How Did Memory Become Social?
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Golovashina Oksana V.
Published: January 2023

The article, using the example of the discussion by E. Durkheim and V. Wundt, shows the formation of the idea of social memory and the method of social re­search in relation to collective memory. Such a statement of the problem allows us to trace the formation of the language of describing social phenomena and clarify the difficulties faced by modern memory studies. To solve this problem, at the first step, the author shows how the approbation of a new description lan­guage allowed us to talk about collective memory as a concept independent of psychology. Durkheim defines the sphere of social phenomena as irreducible to the individual and, therefore, pushes biological and psychological explana­tions into the background, and also justifies the independence of the subject of social science research. In the next step, the author describes individual mani­festations of collective memory in Durkheim's works. This raises the question of the role of the State influencing the institutions that ensure the transmission of collective memory. In conclusion, the author analyzes the impact of the memory sociality model proposed through a discussion with Wundt on modern research (weak attention to the ontological foundations of social memory, the ratio of per­sonal and collective memory and etc.).
Schopenhauer’s Contribution to the Animal Welfare Movement
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chepeleva Natalia Yu.
Published: January 2023

The article analyzes the contribution made by Schopenhauer to the development of the move­ment for the protection of animals. The author reconstructs some details of Schopenhauer’s interaction with the founder of the first German societies for the protection of animals Ignaz Perner. The article discusses the criticism of the Cartesian worldview and Christian morality proposed by Schopenhauer, with which Schopenhauer associates the lawlessness of animals that was relevant for his era. The article critically reconstructs some of Schopenhauer’s judg­ments regarding the reflection of the status of animals in language, in the Bible, and in legis­lation. The author compares the status of animals in Schopenhauer’s philosophy and in classi­cal German philosophy on the example of Kant and Hegel. The article discusses the criticism of Kant presented by Schopenhauer for “idolatry of reason”, on the basis of which Kant, fol­lowing Descartes and Christian morality, continues to be in error regarding the existence of an ontological gap between man and animals. The article gives a detailed reconstruction of Schopenhauer’s doctrine of animals, including the idea of the animal kingdom as one of the stages of objectification of will, the interpretation of the aesthetic image of animals and the creative drives of the animals themselves, and the justification for the need for compas­sionate behavior towards animals. The article criticizes the widespread perception of Schopen­hauer as a vegetarian, and provides Schopenhauer’s own arguments about the necessity of eating meat. The article discusses Schopenhauer’s doctrine of animals in the context of modern animal and vegan studies. The article concludes that Schopenhauer was the first European philosopher to offer a popular theoretical justification for the need for an ethical at­titude towards animals, which formed the basis of the animal welfare movement in Germany.
The idea of the multiverse: An interdisciplinary perspective
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Knyazeva E.N.
Published: January 2023

The article discusses modern trends in the development of the idea of the multiverse (plurality of worlds) on the material of natural science. In physics, this is a multi-world interpretation of H. Everett’s quantum mechanics, in biology, the teachings about Umwelt by J. von Uexkul, in cognitive science, the notion of cognitive isolation, subjectively personal coloring, phenomenological certainty of the worlds of cognition and creativity of individuals. It is shown what some conceptual foundations can be offered for finding ways to develop an integrative vision, for building bridges from physics to biology and from biology to social sciences and humanities. Evolutionary epistemology, the conception of autopoiesis, theory of complex systems, and biosemiotics are considered as possible bearing conceptual nodes for interdisciplinary synthesis. These theoretical conceptions make it possible to tentatively explain why there are many worlds and why they are separated from each other, cognitively closed in the living nature. Leibniz’s ideas about possible worlds, a wealth of potentialities, subtle connections and eventual interweaving of worlds and their compossibility and self-reference turn out to be very relevant today. Various realizations of the world that arise as a result of measuring particles states in quantum mechanics, the worlds (umwelts) of living organisms, semantic worlds in human creative activity are just options in which nature expresses itself, reads itself, calculates itself, correlates with itself, and there are countless options.
The emergence and self-definition of philosophy of engineering
Authors:   National University of Oil and Gas “Gubkin University”, Kazakova A.A. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University,   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2023

Despite the role engineers initially played in the foundation of philosophy of technology, it took more than a century for engineering practice to become a legitimate special subject of philosophical inquiry. At the turn of the XX–XXI centuries philosophy of engineering has been emerging as a subfield in parallel in different regions (China, Europe, the USA), gradually demarcating itself from philosophy of science and technology, and positioning itself in relation to STS. The overview highlights the turning points of these developments: formation of the research programs and communities. It is argued that the emergence of philosophy of engineering is a result of a growing empirical orientation and ethical problematization in philosophy and the social studies of science and technology. In the engineered sociotechnical world, both descriptive and normative research of engineering practices is required for responsibilization of technological action. An empirically informed philosophical study of engineering includes the ontological, epistemological, and ethical aspects of engineering activity, overcoming the opposition of its context and content. Engineering is a specifically modern form of action in the world and at the same time can contribute to philosophical anthropology and the theory of human creativity. Institutionalization of philosophy of engineering becomes possible when (and where) a coalition of the interested actors has been formed, including the professional associations of engineering, academy, and policymakers. The overview concludes with deliberations on perspectives of the field in Russia, where a significant corpus of studies of engineering has been accumulated – yet, philosophy of engineering is not institutionalized, and remains an exotic label.
Diogenes of Babylon
Authors:   RAS Institute of Philosophy, Stoliarov Alexander
Published: January 2023

Diogenes of Babylon, or Diogenes of Seleucia (c. 240–150 BC) — a disciple of Chrysippus, a prominent representative of the last period of the Early Stoa, the head of the Stoic school after Zeno of Tarsus. In the writings of Diogenes, of which few fragments have been preserved, almost all the main and many auxiliary issues of stoic dogmatics were touched upon. Being more of a traditionalist than an innovator, Diogenes, nevertheless, specified and clarified school definitions, in some cases offered his own ones and sometimes deviated from stoic canons. He also paid attention to special topics, such as music. Diogenes enjoyed great authority, including among the Romans (Cicero called him "an authoritative and influential Stoic"). In 155 Diogenes visited Rome as a member of the Athenian embassy. Among his students was the founder of the Middle Stoa, Panaetius of Rhodes.
Horizons of the multicivilizational world
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Spiridonova Valeria I.
Published: January 2023

Since the beginning of the 21st century an objective process of the formation of a “plurilat­eral world order” has been starting in the non-Western world (China, Russia, India). It is based on new world structures – “Сivilization-States”, which fixed the “split of moder­nity”, the new challenge for the European modernity as a non-alternative universal develop­ment model. This process coincides with the logic of F. Braudel, who argued for the exis­tence of self-sufficient “World-Civilizations” (Russia, China, India, Turkey) which were up to now “zones of silence”, “sleeping” civilizations. This approach justifies the equality of these civilizations with the Euro-Atlantic civilization, whose only benefit consists of thorough “historiographical” study of this civilization in comparison with others. The essential characteristics of the Euro-American “World-Civilization” include the suc­cessive displacement of the center and the periphery, which culminated in the rise of the USA; the idea of a “blank slate”, “empty” space as a source of the American na­tion’s exclusivity and messianism; the category of “frontier”, coupled with the principle of “cleaning out the territory” as a basis of the modern American conquest policy; imple­mentation of the “terra nullius”, “nobody’s land” principle for the transformation of the global frontier into an open space of imperial sovereignty; a rigid division of peo­ples within the “civilization” – “barbarism” dichotomy. According to the historical logic and methodology of F. Braudel, Euro-American “World-Civilization” has stable material and cultural-identical limits of spread. At the same time Russian, Chinese, Indian civilizations preserve their identity through “civilizational” or “long-term” refusals. The main task of Russia is to find a new energy impulse for self-identification based on a change of the ontological vector of development, formulated by N.S. Trubetskoy in the concept of “geopolitical task” of the people. Today it may be implemented by the idea of the “Russian North” and “Northern Eurasia”.
The Interpretation of Qalam in the Quran as a Foundation of Scientific and Technological Progress
Authors: Syahputra Satria Tenun , MZ Ahmad Murtaza
Published: January 2023

The word of qalam in the Quran is mentioned very limited, it is only mentioned four times. In everyday life, the word of qalam is known as a pen or a writing tools, even though if the word is analyzed even further will not have as simple meaning as that. This research tend to analyze the word of qalam in the Quran comprehensively by finding out the signs of the words in some verses of the Quran with semiotics approachment. In this case, the author will utilize the semiotic theory of Ferdinad D Saussure that is binary opposition consist of signifier–signified, langue–parole, syncronic–dyacronic and syntagmatic–paradygmatic to reveal the meaning of the word of qalam in the Quran as a sign. This research is a library research with a qualitative content analysis that analyze a message of a media as an object of the research. The result of the analysis declare that the word of qalam is not only a pen or a writing tools by meaning, but also a pen use by the angels to write down the destiny, a pen of the knowledge or the tools of knowledge including the modern tools, the pen as a comparison of the ability of human beings and the mighty of God, and a pen as a media of lottery or as arrows. This kind of research must be developed recently to prove that the Quran is in line with the development of times, sciences and civilization.
Multimedia English Teaching Approach Based on Constructivist Learning Theory
Authors: Sasan John Michael Villagorda , Sasan John Michael Villagorda , Rabillas Annabelle
Published: January 2023

In the context of English study, multimedia has provided learners with unique features and benefits. Constructivist learning theory, on the other hand, has had a considerable impact on students' learning processes and progress as one of the most fundamental teaching theories in the field of education. This study looks at a wide range of sources to support the claim that integrating multimedia and constructivism theory improved students' overall English learning experience. While the authors of this study thought it would help students improve their English learning, they also wanted to give teachers a better method to help them reduce stress in the classroom while still providing an effective teaching-learning process.
Bullying Depicted in Cyberbully Movie
Authors: Kamilah Fitriah Nur , Amelia Firqo , Wardhani Dwi Taurina Mila
Published: January 2023

This research identified types of bullying and impacts of bullying in Cyberbully movie. The design of this study is qualitative. The method is used to describe and analyze bullying in movie Cyberbully. The data collection was done by watching Cyberbully movie, screen capturing the scenes, and writing down the utterances indicating both the types and impact of bullying. The data analysis was done by classifying the types of bullying in Cyberbully movie by using the theory National Centre against Bullying (2010), finding the impact of bullying in Cyberbully movie by using the theory of Rigby (2003). The finding of the research found  that  there  were  twenty  data  for  three  types  of  bullying  on  the  main character in movie Cyberbullying: Verbal bullying, Social bullying ,and Cyberbullying. Here the researchers also managed to find twenty-four data for the impact of bullying which consists of three types, namely: low psychological well-being, poor social adjustment, and psychological distress.