bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adverse childhood experiences, daily worries, and positive thoughts: A daily diary multi‐wave study
Authors: Arbel Reout , Schacter Hannah L. , Kazmierski Kelly F. M. , Daspe Marie‐Ève , Margolin Gayla
Published: July 2018

Objective

To examine adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) as a prospective predictor of the day‐to‐day associations between worries and positive thinking among late adolescents.

Method

Cumulative ACEs were measured from parent and youth reports between the ages of 9.9 and 18.1. Late adolescents (N = 103) reported daily worries and positive thoughts across ten days.

Results

Adverse childhood experiences predicted higher and more variable levels of day‐to‐day worry. Increases in positive thinking on one day predicted less next‐day worry for adolescents with low, but not high, ACE scores.

Conclusions

Daily worry during late adolescence may be an important consequence of earlier exposure to ACEs. Early interventions focused on worry reduction and improved emotion regulation might mitigate worry among high‐ACE youth.
The signalling roles of sphingosine‐1‐phosphate derived from red blood cells and platelets
Authors: Tukijan Farhana , Chandrakanthan Madhuvanthi , Nguyen Long N
Published: July 2018

Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) is an essential, bioactive lysophospholipid mediator that regulates various physiological functions such as lymphocyte trafficking, inflammation and behavioural characteristics of the vascular system. S1P signalling is mediated via a family of five GPCRs, which are expressed in various cell types and tissues. S1P concentration is maintained in a gradient through the activity of S1P degrading enzymes, and this gradient is critical for lymphocyte egress. To exert its extracellular signalling roles, S1P must be secreted out of the cells by protein transporters. The recent discovery of S1P transporters has shed light on the sources of S1P. However, these transporters still need to be clarified as they are important in defining the S1P gradient for lymphocyte recirculation and the source of S1P for maintenance of blood vessels. Here, we review the current understanding of S1P sources, highlighting the roles of S1P transporters with an emphasis on haematopoietic cells as a major source of circulatory S1P.
Retrospective radiographic observational study of 1692 Straumann tissue‐level dental implants over 10 years. II. Marginal bone stability
Authors: Kang Myung‐Hun , Jung Ui‐Won , Cho Kyoo‐Sung , Lee Jung‐Seok
Published: July 2018

Background

Despite accumulating evidence for the longitudinal stability of the marginal bone level around an implant, there is limited evidence of predisposing risk factors for marginal bone loss based on some implants in a relatively large patient population.

Purpose

The aim of this study was to retrospectively determine the marginal bone loss around Straumann tissue‐level dental implants during follow‐up periods among which the maximum lasts up to 10 years, as well as the predisposing risk factors for peri‐implant marginal bone loss.

Materials and Methods

This study analyzed 1692 Straumann tissue‐level dental implants in 881 patients, and relevant data were collected. The peri‐implant marginal bone level was measured on periodic radiographs, and the changes in bone level were analyzed cumulatively from surgery until up to 10 years later. The log‐rank test was used to select candidate critical risk factors for marginal bone loss, and multivariate analysis using Cox regression with the shared frailty model was performed.

Results

The overall peri‐implant bone loss was 0.07 ± 0.21mm, 0.09 ± 0.26mm, 0.14 ± 0.41mm, and 0.17 ± 0.45mm at 3, 5, 7, and 9 years, respectively. Only 14 implants showed pathologic marginal bone loss exceeding 2mm during the follow‐up period. While 2 implants were removed with continuous progressive marginal bone loss, 5 of the 14 implants showed early bone loss exceeding 1mm within the first year but then subsequently tended to show a stable marginal bone level. In the other seven implants, bone loss started after the first year and progressed continuously. Multivariate analysis revealed that diameter of the implant affected the peri‐implant marginal bone loss.

Conclusions

Straumann tissue‐level dental implants showed only slight peri‐implant marginal bone loss, with a very low incidence of pathologic marginal bone loss exceeding 2mm.
The prosthetic abutment height can affect marginal bone loss around dental implants
Authors: Lee Bo‐Ah , Kim Byoung‐Heon , Kweon Helen H.I. , Kim Young‐Taek
Published: July 2018

Background

Marginal bone loss (MBL) is considered an important determinant of implant success, and establishing the peri‐implant biological width has been regarded to influence MBL around implants. However, few studies have attempted to show the relationship between the crown/abutment gap and MBL.

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of the prosthetic abutment height on MBL of dental implants.

Materials and Methods

This study evaluated data which were retrospectively collected through chart and panoramic radiographs of 145 patients (78 males and 67 females; aged 19 to 79 years, mean age 54.1 years) in whom 273 implants were placed by a single clinician between June 2009 and December 2014. The abutment height and the bone level were measured in digital panorama radiographs. All correlations between abutment height and MBL were analyzed using Spearman's test (P < .05).

Results

The 273 implants comprised 126 in 67 female patients and 147 in 78 male patients. The mean age of the patients was 54.1 years (range 19‐79 years). The prevalence of MBL and the mean MBL decreased as the abutment height increased. Spearman's test showed a significant negative correlation between abutment height and MBL (P < .05).

Conclusion

The present study suggests that implants with a higher prosthetic abutment show less MBL, with the abutment height recommended to not exceed 4 mm.
A randomized controlled clinical trial assessing initial crestal bone remodeling of implants with a different surface roughness
Authors: Glibert Maarten , Matthys Carine , Maat Robert‐Jan , De Bruyn Hugo , Vervaeke Stijn
Published: July 2018

Purpose

The aim of current split‐mouth study is to compare crestal bone loss of hybrid with moderately rough implants in patients with a bar‐supported mandibular overdenture.

Materials and Methods

Fully edentulous patients were enrolled for treatment with implant‐supported overdentures. Each patient received two implants of which one moderately rough (Sa: 1.3 μm) and one hybrid surface implant (moderately rough implant body [Sa: 1.3 μm] and a minimally rough implant neck [Sa: 0.9 μm]). Beside the difference in implant surface the two implants are identical. After 3 and 12 months, peri‐apical radiographs were taken to assess crestal bone levels and a Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used for pairwise comparison.

Results

Forty‐two implants were placed in 21 patients and no failures occurred after 1 year. An overall mean crestal bone loss of 0.40 mm (SD: 0.76; range: 0‐3.93) and 0.35 mm (SD: 0.59; range: 0‐2.56) was registered after a mean follow‐up of 3.4 and 15.8 months. There was no statistical significant difference in crestal bone loss between the different implant surfaces or between the different time intervals.

Conclusion

From this randomized controlled trial, it can be concluded that hybrid surface implants may be a viable alternative for implant treatment in the edentulous mandible.
Young adult pregnancy status and the risk of developing overweight and obesity among women and men
Authors: Mamun A. A. , McIntyre D. H. , Najman J. M. , Williams G. M. , Khatun M. , Finlay J. , Callaway L.
Published: July 2018

Pregnancies can end in miscarriage, birth or termination. Although it is well known that pregnancy results in weight gain across the life course, it is unknown whether pregnancies which end in termination and miscarriage contribute to this. The study used a sub‐sample of 3630 adult offspring from the original cohort of the Mater University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy (MUSP) and its outcomes, in Brisbane, Australia. Anthropometric data were measured at 5, 14 and 21 years of age and experience of pregnancy including termination, miscarriage and births were self‐reported at 21 years. Multivariable analyses were conducted to determine whether pregnancy status of young people independently associated with overweight or obesity status. The women who had at least one birth were more likely to have overweight (odds ratio [OR] 1.52; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01, 2.27) or obese (OR 2.38; 95% CI: 1.58, 3.59) compared to women who did not experience any pregnancy. Women whose pregnancies were terminated or miscarried were at the same risk of overweight or obesity as women who did not experience any pregnancy. For men, there is no association between the pregnancies in their partners and the mean difference in their body mass index. Young women whose pregnancies result in a birth, but not terminations or miscarriages, are at greater risk of having overweight or obesity following the birth.
Prophylactic closed‐incision negative‐pressure wound therapy is associated with decreased surgical site infection in high‐risk colorectal surgery laparotomy wounds
Authors: Curran T. , Alvarez D. , Pastrana Del Valle J. , Cataldo T. E. , Poylin V. , Nagle D.
Published: July 2018

Aim

Surgical site infection in colorectal surgery is associated with significant healthcare costs, which may be reduced by using a closed‐incision negative‐pressure therapy device. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of closed‐incision negative‐pressure therapy on the incidence of surgical site infection.

Method

In this retrospective cohort study we evaluated all patients who had undergone high‐risk open colorectal surgery at a single tertiary care centre from 2012 to 2016. We compared the incidence of surgical site infection between those receiving standard postoperative wound care between 2012 and 2014 and those receiving closed‐incision negative‐pressure therapy via a customizable device (Prevena Incision Management System, KCI, an Acelity company, San Antonio, Texas, USA) between 2014 and 2016. A validated surgical site infection risk score was used to create a 1:1 matched cohort subset.

Results

Negative pressure therapy was used in 77 patients and compared with 238 controls. Negative pressure patients were more likely to have a stoma (92% vs 48%, P < 0.01) and to be smokers (33% vs 15%, P < 0.01). Surgical site infection was higher in control patients (15%, n = 35/238) compared with negative pressure patients (7%, n = 5/77) (P = 0.05). On regression analysis, negative pressure therapy was associated with decreased surgical site infection (OR 0.27; 95% CI 0.09–0.78). These differences persisted in the matched analysis.

Conclusion

Negative pressure therapy was associated with decreased surgical site infection. Negative pressure therapy offers significant potential for quality improvement.
Isolation of internal and external sphincter progenitor cells from the human anal sphincter with or without radiotherapy
Authors: Son I. T. , Lee H. S. , Ihn M. H. , Lee K. H. , Kim D.‐W. , Lee K.‐W. , Kim J.‐S. , Kang S.‐B.
Published: July 2018

Aim

We aimed to isolate and propagate internal and external anal sphincter progenitor cells from the human anal sphincter, with or without radiotherapy, for tailored cell therapy of faecal incontinence.

Methods

Sphincter progenitor cells were isolated from normal internal and external anal sphincters collected from 10 patients with rectal cancer who had undergone abdominoperineal resection with (n = 6) or without (n = 4) preoperative chemoradiotherapy. The isolated cells and differentiated muscle fibres were identified using immunofluorescence assay, western blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). The proliferation of progenitor cells with and without radiotherapy was compared by quantitative 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.

Results

The immunofluorescence assay before differentiation confirmed that the internal anal sphincter progenitor cells expressed CD34 and neural‐glial antigen 2 (NG2), whereas the external anal sphincter progenitor cells expressed CD34 and PAX7. After differentiation, the internal anal sphincter progenitor cells expressed desmin, calponin and α‐smooth muscle actin, whereas the external anal sphincter progenitor cells expressed desmin, myogenic factor 4 and myosin heavy chain. The differential expression profiles of both cell types were confirmed by western blotting and RT‐PCR. MTT assays showed that the viability of internal and external anal sphincter progenitor cells was significantly lower in the radiotherapy group than that in the nonradiotherapy group.

Conclusions

This study describes the differential harvest internal and external sphincter muscle progenitor cells from human anal sphincters. We confirm that radiotherapy decreases the viability of internal and external anal sphincter progenitor cells.
Designing a Simple Loss Function for Central Banks: Does a Dual Mandate Make Sense?
Authors: Debortoli Davide , Kim Jinill , Lindé Jesper , Nunes Ricardo
Published: July 2018

Yes, a dual mandate makes a lot of sense. This article studies how to design simple loss functions for central banks, as parsimonious approximations to social welfare. We show, both analytically and quantitatively, that simple loss functions should feature a high weight on measures of economic activity, sometimes even larger than the weight on inflation. Two main factors drive our result. First, stabilising economic activity also stabilises other welfare-relevant variables. Second, the estimated model features mitigated inflation distortions due to a low elasticity of substitution between monopolistic goods and a low interest rate sensitivity of demand. The result holds up in the presence of measurement errors, with large shocks that generate a trade-off between stabilising inflation and resource utilisation, and also when imposing a moderate degree of interest rate volatility.
Blue panic‐alfalfa combination as affected by irrigation water regimes and forage mixing ratio under subsurface drip irrigation in arid regions
Authors: Al‐Shareef Abdulmohsin R. , Ismail Saleh M. , El‐Nakhlawy Fathy S.
Published: July 2018

A field experiment designed in a split plot with four replications was carried out at the Agriculture Research Station of King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia to study the response of blue panic (Panicum antidotale L. cv. Australian‐110) ‐ alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Cuf 101 USA) forage production, quality and land and water use efficiencies to three irrigation water regimes and six intercropping mixing ratios. The main plots were 100, 80 and 60% of crop water requirement (WR). Under each water regime six intercropping ratios: IC1 (1 row alfalfa: 1 row blue panic), IC2 (2 alfalfa: 1 blue panic), IC3 (3 alfalfa: 1 blue panic), IC4 (4 alfalfa: 2 blue panic), IC5 (alfalfa sole crop) and IC6 (blue panic sole crop) were investigated. Results revealed that difference in fresh and dry forage yields between the 100% WR and 80% WR treatments were minimal in all cuts. The IC5 produced the least forage yield while IC6 produced the highest compared to all treatments. The IC1 produced the highest forage yield compared with IC2, IC3 and IC4. Irrigation water use efficiency of 80% WR was higher than in 100% WR but fewer than in 60% WR. The highest land equivalent ratio was obtained from IC1. Intercropping ratios increased protein content in forage compared to blue panic sole plantation. Applying 80% WR reduced dry matter yield by 10% while saving 20% of irrigation water. Applying 60% WR reduced dry matter yield by 20.7% while saving 40% of irrigation water.
Homocysteine supplementation ameliorates steatohepatitis induced by a choline‐deficient diet in mice
Authors: Minami Shinichiro , Miura Kouichi , Ishioka Mitsuaki , Morimoto Naoki , Isoda Norio , Yamamoto Hironori , Iijima Katsunori
Published: July 2018

Aim

High concentrations of homocysteine are believed to induce lipid synthesis and cell injury through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in metabolic syndrome. However, homocysteine could be used to improve steatohepatitis induced by choline deficiency, in which methyl donors are decreased. The aim of the present study was to clarify the role of the physiological concentration of homocysteine in the development of steatohepatitis induced by choline deficiency.

Methods

Wild‐type mice were fed a choline‐deficient amino acid‐defined (CDAA) diet with or without homocysteine supplementation for 24 weeks. Liver cells isolated from mice were exposed to homocysteine under choline‐deficient conditions.

Results

Wild‐type mice fed the CDAA diet developed steatohepatitis with increased ER stress and decreased S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM), a methyl donor. Homocysteine supplementation reduced ER stress and restored hepatic SAM, leading to the improvement of steatohepatitis. In in vitro experiments using primary cultured hepatocytes, the physiological concentration of homocysteine decreased the lipid accumulation and ER stress induced by the choline‐deficient conditions. However, hepatocyte death was not induced by a physiological concentration of homocysteine or in choline‐deficient medium. Interestingly, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α promoted hepatocyte death under choline‐deficient conditions, which was suppressed by homocysteine supplementation. Hepatic macrophages increased the production of TNFα under choline‐deficient conditions whereas supplementation of SAM reduced the TNFα production.

Conclusions

Homocysteine supplementation ameliorates steatohepatitis by reducing ER stress and increasing SAM in mice fed a CDAA diet. These results were opposite to those of previous reports, which showed that homocysteine induced cell injury.
The effect of L1 tonal status on the acquisition of L2 Mandarin tones
Authors: Yang Chunsheng
Published: July 2018

This study examines the second language (L2) Mandarin tone acquisition by two tonal groups of learners (Thai and Yoruba speakers). In the study, the two groups of learners read a passage and the tones in their readings were analyzed. The analysis of the tone productions focused on tone error patterns and locations that tone errors occurred. The analysis of tone errors showed that overall the Thai learners produced L2 Mandarin tones better than the Yoruba learners, due to their larger tone inventory size and/or tonal similarity with Mandarin tones. Another finding in this study is that the two learner groups shared some similar patterns in their L2 tone production, arguably due to the L2 learners' tendency to place narrow focus at the PW‐initial position.
Finding variation: assessing the development of syntactic complexity in ESL Speech
Authors: Vercellotti Mary Lou
Published: July 2018

This paper examines the development and variation of syntactic complexity in the speech of 66 L2 learners over three academic semesters in an intensive English program. This investigation tracked development using hierarchical linear modeling with three commonly‐used, recommended measures of productive complexity (i.e., length of AS‐unit, clause length, subordination) and three exploratory measures of structural complexity (i.e., syntactic variety, weighted complexity scores, frequency of nonfinite clauses) to capture different aspects of syntactic complexity. All measures showed growth over time, suggesting that learners are not forced to prioritize certain aspects of the construct at the expense of others (i.e., no trade‐off effects) across development. The unexplained significant variation found in these data differed among the measures reinforcing notions of multidimensionality of linguistic complexity.
“Justice demands that you find this man not guilty”: A transitivity analysis of the closing arguments of a rape case that resulted in a wrongful conviction
Authors: Bartley Leanne Victoria
Published: July 2018

Courtroom language is renowned for being strategic and a powerful means of manipulation, which may explain why criminal cases can sometimes result in a wrongful conviction. One such case is examined here, whereby an innocent man is convicted by a jury for the rape of a minor. Through a look at the closing arguments by the prosecution and defence attorneys, we can gain insights into why the defendant finds himself wrongly convicted of sexual assault. To show how the accused and others are portrayed, a combination of Critical Discourse Analysis and corpus linguistics is employed, with special attention paid to the transitivity patterns present in the dataset.
Retrospective analysis of a single‐center clinical experience toward development of curative treatment of 123 pemphigus patients with a long‐term follow‐up: efficacy and safety of the multidrug protocol combining intravenous immunoglobulin with the cytotoxic immunosuppressor and mitochondrion‐protecting drugs
Authors: Grando Sergei A.
Published: July 2018

Background

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a life‐long IgG autoantibody‐mediated blistering disease affecting the mucosal surfaces lined by the stratified epithelium (oral, nasal, genital) and sometimes also the skin. While corticosteroid treatment is life saving, the high dose and prolonged courses required for disease control are associated with significant adverse effects, including death. Although introduction of rituximab (RTX) provided for a favorable outcome, the high relapse rate, that is, up to 80%, precludes successful use of RTX as a monotherapy. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is being increasingly utilized as off‐label therapy for a variety of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including PV and pemphigus foliaceus (PF).

Aims

The goal of pemphigus research is to develop an effective treatment modality that would allow patients to achieve and maintain a stable clinical remission without the need for additional treatments, or cure.

Materials and Methods

This article summarizes clinical outcome of 123 pemphigus patients treated with a combination of IVIg, an immunosuppressive cytotoxic drug (ICD) and mitochondrion‐protecting drugs in the Blistering Disease Clinic at the University of California, Irvine from 2007 to 2017.

Results

The mean time to disease control was 0.2 months and time to complete remission – 1.7 months. Duration of complete remission on drugs until relapse or end of treatment was 19.3 months. The mean duration of complete remission off drugs until relapse was 15.8 months. That until end of follow up was 48.4 months, with a minimum of 14 and a maximum of 91 months. The overall complete remission rate off all drugs was 100%, with 12% overall relapse rate. Most relapses, 8.1 vs. 3.3%, occurred during the time of treatment, compared to posttreatment. No patients had more than a single relapse. The duration of the posttreatment follow‐up ranged from 9 to 97 months with a mean of 64.8 months, or 5.4 years. The total number of IVIg cycles ranged from 26 in patients without a relapse to 37 in patients with a relapse. The clinical outcome in patients that received IVIg with RTX or another ICD were found to be very similar.

Discussion

Thus, the multidrug IVIg regimen allowed to achieve three principal treatment objectives: (i) rapid control of pemphigus symptoms; (ii) stable disease remission; and (iii) overall safety of treatment.

Conclusions

While the individualized therapeutic approaches to eradicate the autoreactive B cell clones causing disease in each particular PV or PF patient are being developed, all pemphigus patients can benefit from the treatment protocol described in this study.
The clinical utility of new reticulocyte and erythrocyte parameters on the Sysmex XN 9000 for iron deficiency in pregnant patients
Authors: Levy Shani , Schapkaitz Elise
Published: July 2018

Introduction

Iron deficiency (ID) is a major cause of morbidity in pregnancy. Antenatal clinics use a hemoglobin to screen for ID, which delays the diagnosis of subclinical ID. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical utility of the percentage of microcytic red cells (%Micro‐R), percentage of hypochromic red cells (%Hypo‐He), and reticulocyte hemoglobin content (Ret‐He) on the Sysmex hematology analyzer in pregnant patients.

Methods

For this study, 102 nonanemic patients in the first trimester of pregnancy presenting for the first time to antenatal clinic were screened for ID. There were 50 (49.02%) patients with ID as defined according to iron studies. The independent t test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were applied.

Results

There was a significant difference in the Ret‐He, %Micro‐R, and %Hypo‐He between the ID and non‐ID groups (P < 0.001). The area under curve (AUC) for the Ret‐He (0.81, 95% CI 0.71‐0.88) indicates that the Ret‐He at a cutoff <31.2 pg is the best discriminator of ID (P < 0.0001). The AUC of %Hypo‐He (0.78, 95% CI 0.69‐0.86) was not superior to the mean cell hemoglobin (0.78, 95% CI 0.69‐0.86). The %Micro‐R (0.79, 95% CI 0.70‐0.87) showed improved diagnostic accuracy compared to mean cell volume (0.75, 95% CI 0.65‐0.83).

Conclusion

The new reticulocyte and erythrocyte parameters are reliable tests for the diagnosis of subclinical ID in pregnant patients. Further studies, however, are required to confirm the diagnostic utility of the erythrocyte parameters in pregnant patients. These tests will benefit the management of pregnant patients attending antenatal clinic.
A learn‐and‐construct framework for general mixed‐integer programming problems
Authors: Adamo Tommaso , Ghiani Gianpaolo , Guerriero Emanuela , Manni Emanuele
Published: July 2018

In this paper, we propose a new framework for finding an initial feasible solution from a mixed‐integer programming (MIP) model. We call it learn‐and‐construct since it first exploits the structure of the model and its linear relaxation solution and then uses this knowledge to try to produce a feasible solution. In the learning phase, we use an unsupervised learning algorithm to cluster entities originating the MIP model. Such clusters are then used to decompose the original MIP in a number of easier sub‐MIPs that are solved by using a black box solver. Computational results on three well‐known problems show that our procedure is characterized by a success rate larger than both the feasibility pump heuristic and a state‐of‐the‐art MIP solver. Furthermore, our approach is more scalable and uses less computing time on average.
The Matching Distribution
Authors: Fanshawe Tom
Published: July 2018

Tom Fanshawe introduces the probability distribution that forms the basis of elementary card games and tests of extra-sensory perception
A Century of Variance
Authors: Charlesworth Brian , Edwards Anthony W. F.
Published: July 2018

Brian Charlesworth and Anthony W. F. Edwards mark the 100th anniversary of a paper by R. A. Fisher, which introduced the statistical term “variance”. What followed was a whole new field of statistical analysis
The concept of patient satisfaction in adolescent psychiatric care: A qualitative study
Authors: Biering Páll , Jensen Valgerdur H.
Published: July 2018

Problem

Few studies have asked how adolescents perceive the quality of psychiatric care. Therefore, the aim of the study was to explore adolescents’ perception of quality of care and of satisfying treatment outcomes.

Methods

Fourteen adolescents participated in this hermeneutic study.

Findings

Several concepts describing adolescents’ perspective of quality of care were found: secure place, tough love, peer solidarity, self‐expression, and person not patient. Concepts describing satisfying treatment outcomes fell into four categories: improved mental health, personal development, strengthening of the self, and improved family relations.

Conclusions

By casting light on users’ perspectives, the study offers guidance for improvement of quality of care and for the development of patient satisfaction instruments.
Sustaining a culture of practice development in an acute adolescent inpatient mental health unit
Authors: Vella Natalie , Page Laura , Edwards Clair , Wand Timothy
Published: July 2018

Topic

It is recognized that facilitating change in workplace culture is a significant challenge in healthcare service delivery. Practice development strategies and principles provide a framework for initiating and sustaining programs focused on enhancing patient‐centered care by concentrating on the therapeutic attributes of nursing. However, little literature exists on explicating “what worked” in practice development programs.

Purpose

This paper details the processes, people, resources, and relationships that enabled the successful implementation, and led to the sustainability, of a practice development program employed in an acute adolescent mental health unit in Sydney, Australia.

Sources used

Following an external review of the unit, a meeting of key stakeholders was convened and subsequently an advisory panel formed to address specific issues facing nursing staff. This process resulted in the development of an educational package and adoption of the tidal model as the framework for mental health nursing practice in the unit. Clinical reasoning sessions and journal article presentations were incorporated to consolidate and maintain the change in nursing care.

Conclusions

A planned, structured, and inclusive practice development programhas transformed the nursing culture and vastly improved the care provided to adolescents presenting in acute states of distress to this mental health unit.
Pharmacokinetic changes of cefdinir and cefditoren and its molecular mechanisms in acute kidney injury in rats
Authors: Wang Hepeng , Sun Pengyuan , Wang Changyuan , Meng Qiang , Liu Zhihao , Huo Xiaokui , Sun Huijun , Ma Xiaodong , Peng Jinyong , Liu Kexin
Published: July 2018

Objectives

Acute kidney injury (AKI) was a common organ damage that often occurred after cisplatin. This study was aimed at investigating the pharmacokinetic changes of cefdinir and cefditoren in AKI rats, and elucidating the possible molecular mechanisms.

Methods

The renal injury model was established by intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (12 mg/kg). Plasma creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, the mRNA expression of Kim-1, hematoxylin and eosin staining and Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assay were used to measure the degree of renal damage. On this basis, the pharmacokinetic changes of cefdinir and cefditoren were investigated in normal and AKI rats. RT-PCR and Western blot were performed to clarify the molecular mechanisms for the changes in the related transporters expression.

Key findings

The cumulative urinary excretion of cefdinir was significantly decreased and the plasma concentration was remarkably increased in AKI rats. The expression of organic anion transporter 1 (Oat1) and Oat3 in kidney was decreased. However, pharmacokinetics of cefditoren was not influenced. The expression of organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1a1 (Oatp1a1), Oatp1a4, Oatp1b2 and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2) in liver was unchanged in AKI rats.

Conclusions

The molecular mechanism of decreased expression of Oat1 and Oat3 was achieved through activating p53, and then increasing the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 and down regulating Bcl-2 in AKI rats. On this basis, the cumulative urinary excretion of cefdinir was significantly decreased and the plasma concentration of cefdinir was remarkably increased in AKI rats. However, the pharmacokinetic changes of cefditoren were not observed. Accordingly, cephalosporin antibiotics such as cefditoren should be firstly selected for the treatment in patients with AKI in clinic.
Urine marking in male domestic dogs: honest or dishonest?
Authors: McGuire B. , Olsen B. , Bemis K. E. , Orantes D.
Published: July 2018

Scent marking is a common mode of communication in mammals. Such marking is thought to communicate information about the signaler's size and corresponding competitive ability and accurately reflect the signaler's attributes (i.e., an honest signal). However, new data suggest that scent marking can be dishonest in certain circumstances. Via two studies, we tested the hypothesis that urine marking is a dishonest signal in adult male domestic dogs, which raise a hindlimb when marking vertical objects. In Study 1, we tested whether raised‐leg angle (i.e., during a urination, the angle between a dog's raised leg and the axis normal to the ground) is a proxy for urine mark height (n = 15 dogs) and, in Study 2, we tested whether small dogs exhibit larger raised‐leg angles than large dogs (n = 45 dogs). We videotaped urinations of adult male dogs and, afterwards, measured height of urine marks (Study 1) and degree of raised‐leg angles (Studies 1 and 2). In Study 1, we found significant positive relationships between both raised‐leg angle and height of urine mark and body size (using either body mass or height at withers) and height of urine mark; raised‐leg angle was a stronger predictor than either measure of body size. In Study 2, we found a significant negative relationship between body size (using either body mass or height at withers) and average raised‐leg angle. Our findings support raised‐leg angle as a proxy for urine mark height and provide additional evidence that scent marking can be dishonest. Assuming body size is a proxy for competitive ability, small adult male dogs may place urine marks higher, relative to their own body size, than larger adult male dogs to exaggerate their competitive ability. We did not control for over marking, which also may explain our findings.
Estimating the sediment trap efficiency and lifespan of cascaded reservoirs in the Upper Yangtze River Basin, China
Authors: Li Jian , Li Wenjie , Yang Wenjun , Mu Lin , Jin Zhongwu , Zhang Dawei
Published: July 2018

The cascaded reservoirs in the Upper Yangtze River Basin (UYRB) are subject to sediment inflow and deposition, resulting in reduction in their effective capacity. The sediment trap efficiency (TE) of the cascaded reservoirs was estimated using several empirical methods, and the factors affecting the TE also were analysed. A new empirical formula was obtained to calculate the TE of the small reservoirs (storage capacity C < 0.5 km3) in the UYRB. Further, four zones were partitioned to describe the relationship between the sediment trap effect and the service function of the reservoirs. The TEs of Xiluodu, Xiangjiaba and Ertan Reservoirs in the UYRB were investigated and compared between stand‐alone and combined operation modes, indicating the TE will be underestimated without considering the cumulative sediment trap of the cascaded reservoirs. Finally, the lifespan of the Xiluodu Reservoir, considering different water storage schemes and different capacity loss percentages, was estimated using the TE method and exhibited good agreement with the results calculated by the mathematical model. The derived TE calculation method under the combined operation of the cascaded reservoirs can be used to assess the sediment trap from the complex hydroelectric project system in the UYRB.
Surplus killing by pumas Puma concolor: rumours and facts
Authors: Lucherini Mauro , Guerisoli Maria de las Mercedes , Luengos Vidal Estela M.
Published: July 2018

Surplus killing (i.e. predation in which predators kill more prey than necessary to satiate their hunger) appears to be widespread in carnivores and has the potential to exacerbate human–carnivore conflict. Nevertheless, little is known about the frequency of surplus killing or about its impact on livestock.

We review the information available on surplus killing by pumas Puma concolor and use data from central Argentina to quantify its impact on ranching and to analyse both its causes and its implications for puma–human conflicts.

We reviewed 73 publications and found nine mentions of surplus killing events from six countries. The sheep was by far the most commonly affected livestock species. In central Argentina, surplus killing was reported by 25–33% of the ranchers. In this region, the number of livestock killed during each event ranged from seven to 160 (median = 23) for the literature reports and from two to 70 (median = 7) in the records we personally collated. The number of individual animals killed per event was greater for interview‐based second‐hand reports than for first‐hand reports and verified events.

Our results indicate that although surplus killing by pumas is uncommonly reported in the literature, it may be locally recurrent. Although surplus killing may be overestimated in interview‐based reports, it can produce significant losses for sheep and goat ranchers, may strongly exacerbate puma–human conflicts, and should be considered in puma–human conflict mitigation strategies.

Ranchers typically attributed surplus killing to female pumas teaching kittens to hunt. However, there is little evidence supporting this interpretation. Surplus killing by pumas may be more likely to occur in situations where the predator's ‘normal’ hunting sequence is disrupted by the accessibility of large numbers of easy prey. Confinement, stormy weather and poor antipredator behaviour may favour the occurrence of surplus killing events on livestock.
Water, sanitation, and hygiene practices mediate the association between women's empowerment and child length‐for‐agez‐scores in Nepal
Authors: Cunningham Kenda , Ferguson Elaine , Ruel Marie , Uauy Ricardo , Kadiyala Suneetha , Menon Purnima , Ploubidis George
Published: July 2018

In Nepal, more than one‐third of children are stunted. Prior studies have shown that women's empowerment in agriculture is associated with child (<2 years) length‐for‐agez‐scores (LAZ) in Nepal. This study tests whether child dietary diversity (DD) and household water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities and practices mediate the associations between women's empowerment and LAZ. With a cross‐sectional dataset of 4,080 households from 240 rural communities across 16 districts of Nepal, we used ordinary least squares regression models to first estimate the associations between women's empowerment and LAZ for children 6 to 24 months (n = 1,402; our previous published analysis included all children <24 months of age), using the Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index's Five Domains of Empowerment subindex. We used standardized structural equation models to test whether child DD and/or household WASH mediated the association between women's empowerment and child LAZ. Overall, women's empowerment was positively associated with child LAZ (β = 0.24,P = 0.03), as found in our previous analyses. In the mediation analysis, women's empowerment was positively associated with WASH (β = 0.78,P < 0.001), and in turn child LAZ (β = 0.09,P < 0.001). Women's empowerment was not associated with DD, but DD was associated with LAZ (β = 0.06,P = 0.05). Empowered women had better WASH practices than nonempowered women, which translated into higher child LAZ. Child DD was not a mediating factor in the association between women's empowerment and child LAZ. More research is needed to explore other pathways by which women's empowerment may affect child nutrition outcomes.
Rapid Impact Testing and System Identification of Footbridges Using Particle Image Velocimetry
Authors: Tian Yongding , Zhang Jian , Yu Shanshan
Published: July 2018

The rapid impact testing of bridges contains unique advantages. For example, structural parameters, including frequency response function and structural flexibility matrix can be identified; however, additional impact‐testing instruments are required to excite a bridge, restricting the efficiency of the measurement strategy in terms of experimental cost and time. In this paper, a particle image velocimetry‐based method is proposed for the rapid impact testing and system identification of footbridges under pedestrian excitations. The proposed method has shown promising features: (1) pedestrian load is utilized for the impact excitation of footbridges, which is more convenient than the conventional impact‐testing method with additional excitation devices; (2) the human‐induced impact forces under varying jumping scenarios are calculated from image sequences of human motions acquired by a single camera with its noncontact and target‐less characteristics; and (3) both human‐induced impact forces (inputs) and structural responses (outputs) are employed to identify more modal parameters (i.e., scaling factors, modal mass, and structural flexibility). The robustness of the proposed method was successfully validated by a laboratory test of a simply supported beam and field testing of a cable‐stayed footbridge. The proposed method not only could improve the testing efficiency of footbridges, but also could obtain more modal parameters, which can be further utilized for deflection prediction, damage detection, and long‐term performance evaluation.
Exploring the durability of community enterprises: A qualitative comparative analysis
Authors: Van Meerkerk Ingmar , Kleinhans Reinout , Molenveld Astrid
Published: July 2018

Despite the growing attention given to community‐based initiatives in the delivery of public services, little is known about their durability. This article focuses on Dutch community enterprises (CEs) as an emerging form of community‐based initiatives in urban regeneration. Due to their self‐organizing and (largely) voluntary character, CEs face considerable governance challenges to sustain activities over time. Based on the literature, we examine the interplay of four key conditions in relation to their durability: social capital, entrepreneurial community leadership, supportive relationships with institutional key players and a strong business model. Based on an fsQCA of 12 cases, the main conclusion is that the presence of social capital, strong entrepreneurial leadership and a strong business model is the most important configuration leading to a durable CE. Government support is not found to be a necessary or sufficient condition, but its absence is part of the explanation of non‐durability.
Cross‐level coordination among international organizations: Dilemmas and practices
Authors: Mele Valentina , Cappellaro Giulia
Published: July 2018

This article contributes to the understanding of inter‐agency coordination among international organizations, conceived as international public administrations (IPAs). We adopt a practice‐based approach to study the dilemmas of coordination across levels of government in the empirical setting of United Nations agencies involved in field‐level development activities. Based on elite interviews in both pilot countries and agency headquarters, complemented by extensive archival analysis, we track the emergence of a specific type of coordination dilemma that has been understudied, that is, the dilemma of inter‐ and intra‐agency coordination. We identify two sets of coordinating practices that aided in balancing the dilemma, that is, ‘systemic thinking’ and ‘jointly mobilizing resources and consensus’, and we discuss the organizational factors mediating the perception of each set of practices.
Looking Back, Looking Forward: ISPP at 40 and Future Directions for Political Psychology
Authors: Reynolds Katherine J.
Published: July 2018

The ISPP Presidential Address typically is an opportunity for the President to outline his or her research contribution and trajectory, and the publication of the Address takes the form of a research article. Given that in 2017, ISPP celebrated its 40th conference and 2018 is its 40th anniversary as an academic society, the 2017 Presidential Address and this article are focused on the state of the Society; What have we achieved? How have we changed? Where are we heading? Looking back, ISPP is a more diverse and international society than in 1978, and it is confidently fulfilling its mission. Looking forward, three areas that warrant further attention are outlined: (1) The issue of a possible decline in scientific rationalism and threat of anti‐liberalism (2) challenges with measurement and prediction of political opinion, political attitudes, and voting behavior, and (3) as a maturing field, the need to establish common theoretical frameworks that integrate current knowledge such as building a case that humans are political animals. Each direction is briefly outlined with the aim of provoking thought and stimulating discussion and debate about the future of political psychology.
Osteogenic impact of football training in 55‐ to 70‐year‐old women and men with prediabetes
Authors: Skoradal May‐Britt , Helge Eva Wulff , Jørgensen Niklas R. , Mortensen Jann , Weihe Pál , Krustrup Peter , Mohr Magni
Published: July 2018

The effects of football training on bone health were examined in 55‐ to 70‐year‐old sedentary women and men with prediabetes. Patients (n = 50) with prediabetes (age; 61 ± 9 years, BMI 29.7 ± 0.6 kg/m2, body fat content; 37 ± 1%, VO2max; 22.7 ± 0.8 mL/min/kg and mean arterial pressure; 104 ± 3 mm Hg) were randomized into a football training group (FTG; n = 27, 14 women) and a control group (CON; n = 23, 11 women). At baseline, 73% and 24% were diagnosed with femur osteopenia and osteoporosis, respectively. FTG performed football training twice weekly 30‐60‐minute sessions in 16 weeks, and both FTG and CON received professional dietary advice. Pre‐ and post‐intervention whole‐body and regional bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) were determined with DXA‐scans, and venous blood samples were drawn and analyzed for plasma bone turnover markers. Change scores were greater (P < 0.05) in FTG compared to CON in leg BMD (0.023 ± 0.005 vs −0.004 ± 0.001 g/cm2) and in leg BMC (32 ± 8 vs −4 ± 6 g). Between‐group changes in favor of FTG (P < 0.05) also occurred in the femur neck BMD (3.2%) and femur shaft BMD (2.5%). Whole‐body BMC and BMD were unchanged in both groups during the intervention. In FTG, resting plasma osteocalcin, P1NP, and CTX‐1 rose (P < 0.05) by 23 ± 8, 52 ± 9 and 38 ± 7%, with greater change scores (P < 0.05) than in CON. Finally, P1NP (formation)/CTX‐1 (resorption) ratio increased (P < 0.05) in FTG (127 ± 15 vs 150 ± 11) from pre‐ to post‐intervention, with no change in CON (124 ± 12 and 123 ± 12). In conclusion, football training provides a powerful osteogenic stimulus and improves bone health in 55‐ to 70‐year‐old women and men diagnosed with prediabetes.
College campus activism: Distinguishing between liberal reformers and conservative crusaders
Authors: Ince Jelani , Finlay Brandon M. , Rojas Fabio
Published: July 2018

This article reviews scholarship on college campus activism in the U.S. We use ideology as a lens with which to examine and discuss college protest. Specifically, we distinguish between right‐wing and left‐wing college campus movements and examine recent developments. We begin with a discussion of basic concepts from social movement theory and provide an overview of the theoretical differences between right‐ and left‐wing movements. Then, we provide a historical overview of college protest and discuss future directions for sociological inquiry into contemporary campus activism. Our discussion is motivated by recent examples of progressive movements such as the “Mizzou protests” and the campus chapters of Black Lives Matter, and alt‐right groups such as Identity Evropa.