bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ocular lesions in cats with GM1‐gangliosidosis with visceral involvement
Authors: Murray J. A. , Blakemore W. F. , Barnett K. C.
Published: September 2008

The eyes from four cats with GM1‐gangliosidosis with visceral involvement were examined by ophthalmoscopy, slit‐lamp, light and electron microscopy. The clinical signs of corneal opacity and small pale grey spots on the retina were found to correlate with polysaccharide storage in the endothelial cells and fibroblasts of the cornea, and glycolipid storage in the retinal ganglion cells. The absence of a ‘cherry red spot’ in feline lipidoses is explained on the basis of differences in the cellular architecture of the feline and human retina.
Protein‐losing enteropathy in the Lundehund
Authors: FlesjÅ Kjell , Yri Torstein
Published: September 2008

Protein‐losing enteropathy in the Lundehund, a possible hereditary disease, characterized clinically by intermittent diarrhoea, vomiting, wasting, ascites and oedema, is described. Serum examinations revealed low values of protein and calcium.

Post‐mortem changes consisted of thickened duodenal and jejunal mucosa with blunt, short, anastomosing villi and plasma cell infiltration. Distended lacteals and dilated cystic glands were found together with elongated ducts, lymphangiectasis and ascites.

Aetiological mechanisms are discussed.
The bacterial flora of the normal canine vagina compared with that of vaginal exudates
Authors: Hirsh Dwight C. , Wiger Nina
Published: September 2008

The aerobic bacterial flora (excluding Mycoplasma spp.) of the vagina of sixty‐two clinically normal bitches was determined and the species most frequently isolated, in decreasing order, were: Escherichia colt, Streptococcus ‘viridans’, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus cards.

From the vaginal exudates of seventy‐two bitches with vaginitis, the order of frequency was: E. coli, Strep, canis and Staph. aureus.

The only consistent difference between the bacterial flora from the two sources was the relatively higher numbers of bacteria in the vaginal exudates.
A survey of sexual behaviour and reproduction of female cats
Authors: Jemmett J. E. , Evans J. M.
Published: September 2008

Details of reproductive activity among 168 breeding queens were obtained from a survey of specific information supplied by cat breeders. Puberty was reached, on average, at 9–10 months of age. The gestation period was calculated to average 65 days. Almost half the queens in the survey showed cyclic occurrence of oestrus throughout the year. Cycles were usually 21 days long. When a non‐breeding season was present it generally occurred between September and the end of January, its average duration being 4 months. The data obtained from the survey are examined and discussed, and are considered to illuminate usefully a scantily reported topic.
Congenital hindlimb rigidity in a dog
Authors: Stead A. G. , Camburn M. A. , Gunn H. M. , Kirk E. J.
Published: September 2008

Muscle biopsies and electromyography were used in the study of a congenital muscle disorder in a dog with hyperextension of one hind limb.
Gonioscopy in the dog
Authors: Bedford P.G.C.
Published: September 2008

Gonioscopy is the examination of the iridocorneal angle of the eye utilizing a corneal contact lens. The technique is extensively practised in human ophthalmology and is particularly important in the differential diagnosis of the glaucoma complex. The author has practised the technique extensively in dogs, and his findings on the appearance of the normal canine iridocorneal angle are reported in this paper.
Feline anaesthesia survey
Authors: Dodman N. H.
Published: September 2008

Information regarding anaesthetic agents and techniques currently employed in feline anaesthesia in Scotland is presented. The information relates to over 10,000 feline anaesthetics and was obtained by questionnaire from members of the Scottish Region of the BSAVA.

Over 75% of the cats being anaesthetized were classified as being both young and healthy. The vast majority were not weighed or premedicated, and anaesthesia was induced for the most part by intravenous injection. Routine intubation was rare, and maintenance of anaesthesia was mostly by intermittent intravenous infusion of an anaesthetic agent, or by the inhalation of halothane or ether. The latter agents, however, tended only to be used for protracted procedures.

The overall mortality in this survey was 0.3%.
Polycystic kidney disease in a cat
Authors: Northington J. W. , Juliana M. M.
Published: September 2008

Bilateral polycystic kidney disease was diagnosed in a 3‐year‐old female Persian cat. An elevation of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine levels, and serum phosphorus were the only abnormalities found with serial serum chemical and urine analyses. Intravenous urography showed radiolucent areas in both kidneys. An attempted renal biopsy produced only fluid but no kidney tissue. Necropsy and histological findings confirmed a diagnosis of polycystic kidney disease.
Endo‐ and ecto‐parasites of dogs and cats: A survey from practices in the East Anglian Region, BSAVA
Authors: Else R. W. , Bagnall B. G. , Phaff J. J. G. , Potter C.
Published: September 2008

Members of the East Anglian Region of the BSAYA carried out a survey of commonly‐encountered endo‐ and ecto‐parasites of dogs and cats examined during a 4‐month‐period in an attempt to measure the incidence of such parasites in the area.
Überreiter's Syndrome (chronic superficial keratitis) in dogs in the Rocky Mountain area—A study of 463 cases
Authors: Slatter Douglas H. , Lavach J. D. , Severin† Glenn A. , Young† Stuart
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACT

The characteristics of 463 cases of Überreiter's Syndrome are presented. Over 80% of the diagnoses were made in German Shepherds. A treatment regimen utilizing combinations of corticosteroids, irradiation, superficial keratectomy and partial penetrating keratoplasty is outlined. An hypothesis that ultraviolet radiation is involved in the pathogenesis of this syndrome is proposed for further testing.
Effect of feeding on plasma antibiotic concentrations in Greyhounds given ampicillin and amoxycillin by mouth
Authors: Watson A. D. J. , Egerton JR.
Published: September 2008

In a cross‐over study, six Greyhounds were dosed by mouth with ampicillin and amoxycillin at 20 mg/kg, using three different feeding regimens (no food, canned food prior to dosing, and dry food ad lib) with each drug. Antibiotic levels in plasma were determined by microbiological assay at intervals after dosing.

Plasma ampicillin concentrations tended to be lower in fed than in starved Greyhounds, but amoxycillin levels were relatively unaffected by feeding. In starved Greyhounds, ampicillin gave higher early levels than amoxycillin.
The diagnosis of ringworm infection in small animals
Authors: Thomsett L.R.
Published: September 2008

Reliable figures for the incidence of dermatophyte infections of small domestic animals are not available for the United Kingdom.
Helminths of British dogs: Toxocara canis—a veterinary perspective
Authors: Jacobs D. E. , Pegg E. J. , Stevenson P.
Published: September 2008

An important factor in the life‐cycle of Toxocara canis is the dissemination of ova into the host's environment. This provides a reservoir for infection of the bitch with subsequent transmission of larvae to the fetus. Additionally, other warm‐blooded animals may acquire infection, thereby acting as paratenic hosts in subsidiary predator‐prey cycles. Embryonated ova are infective for man and may on occasion result in clinical disease.

Information assessing the extent of such environmental contamination in the UK and denning the sources of the T. canis ova is reviewed. These data are of immediate practical importance as each contribution to the understanding of the epidemiology of toxocariasis facilitates the formulation of effective control measures.
Glomerulonephritis in the dog: a clinical review
Authors: Bown P.
Published: September 2008

The aetiology and pathology of canine glomerulonephritis are reviewed. Three different types of glomerulonephritis are recognised, namely pro‐liferative, membranous and exudative. The clinical signs associated with each type are described. Differential diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and post‐mortem findings are also discussed.
Cervical spondylopathy in the dog—a review of thirty‐five cases
Authors: Denny H. R. , Gibbs Christine , Gaskell C. J.
Published: September 2008

The case histories of thirty‐five dogs with cervical spondylopathy are described with particular emphasis on diagnosis and surgical treatment, with follow‐up records of both treated and untreated cases. Some evidence is presented to show that the syndrome is an inherited defect.
Parotid salivary duct rupture and fistula in the dog and cat
Authors: Harvey Colin E.
Published: September 2008

Three dogs and one cat were diagnosed at the University of Pennsylvania Veterinary Hospital as having parotid salivary duct rupture and fistula as a result of previous surgery. Sialography confirmed the diagnosis. Two animals were treated by ligation, and two by anastomosis of the parotid duct. All four animals returned to normal after treatment.
The diagnosis of Aspergillus fumigatus infection of the nasal chambers of the dog with particular reference to the value of the double diffusion test
Authors: Lane J. G. , Warnock D. W.
Published: September 2008

Ten case examples are used to show that the agar gel double diffusion test is a reliable technique in the diagnosis of nasal A. fumigatus infection in the dog. Radiography is also helpful but culture and direct smear testing are unreliable.
Multiple polyps of the gastric mucosa in two dogs
Authors: Happé R. P. , Van Der Gaag I. , Wolvekamp W. Th. C. , Van Toorenburg J.
Published: September 2008

Multiple polyps of the gastric mucosa are described in a 6‐year‐old male Airedale and a 6‐year‐old male French Bulldog. The first dog suffered from chronic vomiting while the second vomited for only 5 days and exhibited signs of pyloric stenosis. Gastroscopic examination revealed broad, thick rolls in the Airedale's antral mucosa and radiographically the antral wall was rigid and normal peristalsis was absent. Radiographic examination of the French Bulldog revealed pyloric stenosis without passage of contrast material through the pyloric canal.

In biopsy specimens from the Airedale there were long thin foveolae and slight cellular infiltrations. Multiple polyps of the gastric mucosa were found throughout the antrum at necropsy. The resected antrum of the French Bulldog had a villous growth pattern with adenomatous formations and inflammation.
Canine hookworm disease in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Ndiritu C. G. , Al‐Sadi H. I.
Published: September 2008

The age and sex incidence, monthly and seasonal occurrence, signs and symptoms, clinical pathological changes and gross lesions associated with hookworm disease in 264 dogs are described. Less commonly reported clinical signs have been pointed out. The impact of concurrent infection with babesiosis is discussed.
Bilateral patellar fracture in a dog
Authors: White R. A. S.
Published: September 2008

A 4‐year‐old Border Collie bitch was presented with a transverse fracture of both patellae. The relevant clinical findings and subsequent surgical treatment of the fractures are described. The occurrence and management of patellar fractures in dogs are discussed.
Plasma levels of specific coagulation factors and oestrogens in the bitch during pregnancy
Authors: Gentry P. A. , Liptrap R. M.
Published: September 2008

During pregnancy in twelve bitches a significant increase was observed in the circulating activity of the specific coagulation factors VII, VIII, IX and XI. Such changes did not occur in two bitches which were bred but did not conceive. Comparison of the plasma procoagulant activity and oestradiol‐17β levels indicated that alterations in the coagulation factor activity may, at least in part, be mediated by the changes in oestrogen levels which occur in the pregnant bitch.
Primary and secondary bone tumours in the dog
Authors: Liu S.‐K. , Dorfman H. D. , Hurvitz A. I. , Patnaik A. K.
Published: September 2008

During a 14‐year period (January 1962 to December 1975), 394 primary and secondary tumours or tumour‐like lesions affecting bones were diagnosed in the dog. The most frequently occurring tumour was osteosarcoma (183, 46.5%), followed by chondrosarcoma (forty‐four, 11.2%), squamous cell carcinoma (thirty‐nine, 10%), fibrosarcoma (thirty‐one, 7.8%), multiple myeloma (fourteen, 3.6%), haemangiosarcoma (fourteen, 3.6%), malignant melanoma (thirteen, 3.3%), synovioma (nine, 2.3%), lymphosarcoma (eight, 2.0%), cartilage analogue of fibromatosis (seven, 1.8%), adaman‐tinoma (five, 1.3%), osteocartilaginous exostosis, ossifying fibroma, rhabdomyosarcoma (four each), polyostotic cyst, haemangiomatosis (three each), odontoma, tumoral calcinosis (two each), and osteoma, chondroma, desmoid fibromatosis, and malignant mesenchymoma (one each).

Of these, desmoid fibromatosis, malignant mesenchymoma, and haemangiomatosis have not been previously reported in the dog.
Bronchography in normal dogs
Authors: Webbon P. M. , Clarke K. W.
Published: September 2008

In twenty‐one bronchograms from three normal dogs signs were observed which have been associated with early bronchial disease in man. It is concluded that the only reliable signs of bronchographic abnormality in dogs are gross structural changes affecting the bronchi.
Surgical management of tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Eyster George E. , Braden T. D. , Appleford Michael , Johnston Jodi , Chaffee Ardith , Schwegler Sheryl
Published: September 2008

A 3½‐month‐old female Wirehaired Fox Terrier was referred for diagnosis and treatment of a congenital heart disease. Examination revealed a pan‐systolic murmur and cyanotic mucous membranes. A tentative diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot was confirmed by radiographs, ECG, cardiac catheteriza‐tion, and angiograms. End‐to‐side anastomosis of the left subclavian artery to the pulmonary artery (the palliative Blalock shunt), performed when the patient was 7 months old, provided remission of the clinical signs for 1 ½ years. Physical stress then recurred and the animal died. Post‐mortem examination revealed the classic anatomy of tetralogy of Fallot and evidence that the Blalock shunt, which had remained patent for 1½ years, had closed, causing the death of the animal.
Central (post‐retinal) visual impairment in the dog—a clinical‐pathological study
Authors: Braund K. G. , Vandevelde M. , Albert R. A. , Higgins R. J.
Published: September 2008

Three cases of central (post‐retinal) visual impairment are reported in the dog, which are considered atypical due to the discrete neurological signs resulting from relatively specific central visual pathway pathology. In case 1 a squamous cell carcinoma was found compressing the optic nerves and chiasma. Case 2 had a focal granulomatous meningitis which compressed and infiltrated the lateral geniculate bodies. In case 3, widespread anaemic infarction was found in the cerebral cortex of the occipital lobes. The clinical‐pathological correlations are discussed. It is concluded that ‘visual impairment’ may be a more appropriate term than ‘blindness’ to define visual disturbance in animals.
A technique for perineal urethrostomy in the cat
Authors: Long Raymond D.
Published: September 2008

A technique for perineal urethrostomy in the cat is described and the results of its successful use in fifteen consecutive cases reported. The pelvic urethra is sutured to skin to produce first intention healing.
Studies on canine anaemia in Ibadan: aetiology
Authors: Oduye O. O. , Otesile E. B.
Published: September 2008

During a study on 500 dogs in Ibadan, 136 (27.2%) were found to be anaemic. Fifty‐two of these were associated purely with blood parasites, twenty‐one with hookworm infection, while ten were associated with a mixture of blood parasitism and hookworm infection. Seventeen cases were associated with various conditions such as traumatic wounds, transmissible venereal tumour, nephritis, taeniasis, anal gland adenoma, idiopathic epistaxis and lice and fleas infestation. The cause of anaemia in thirty‐six cases could not be diagnosed.

The blood parasites of definite aetiological significance were Babesia canis, B. gibsoni and Haemobartonella canis. The role of Eperythrozoon species and trypanosomes could not be readily assessed since they occurred concurrently with hookworm.
Cystic bone lesions in related Old English Sheepdogs
Authors: Watson A. D. J. , Dixon R. T.
Published: September 2008

At 6 months of age, an Old English Sheepdog with swollen and painful distal radial/ulnar metaphyses was found to have multiple cystic lesions in left and right radius and ulna. Cystic bone lesions were also detected radio‐graphically in two clinically normal littermates and in the sire and dam of the litter. Radiographic changes of nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism were found in the three affected pups and in two other individuals from the litter of eight.

The cystic lesions in one pup were drained surgically and the cyst wall curetted, while the other two pups were not treated. The lesions in all three pups gradually resolved and had almost completely disappeared by 10 months of age.
Bone metastases from a phaeochromocytoma in the dog
Authors: White R. A. S. , Cheyne I. A.
Published: September 2008

Phaeochromocytomas are rare in most animals and metastasis is uncommon. An account is given of the clinical and pathological findings of a phaeochromocytoma occurring in an 8‐year‐old male Alsatian, in which a pathological fracture of the right femur occurred as the result of metastasis to bone.
Anaesthesia for open chest surgery
Authors: Clarke K. W.
Published: September 2008

Anaesthesia for open chest surgery is discussed, including premedication, induction of anaesthesia, provision of intermittent positive pressure ventilation, anaesthetic maintenance, neuro‐muscular blocking agents, and post‐operative analgesia. Although sophisticated techniques aid surgery, simpler methods may prove adequate where facilities are limited. Emphasis is placed on the complications which may arise at any stage due to the preexisting pathology of the patient, as it is the anticipation of such complications, coupled with careful monitoring before, during and after the procedure, which has the greatest influence on morbidity and mortality following clinical thoracic surgery.
Changes in the canine stifle joint following rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament
Authors: TIRGARI M.
Published: September 2008

Sixty–four dogs with rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament in one or both stifle joints were referred to the Royal Veterinary College, London for treatment. Details of the pathological changes in the joints were recorded at the time of open surgery in fifty–seven and these changes are discussed. A post–mortem examination was made on one dog and the joint lesions were studied more closely.
The machinery of veterinary cry osurgery
Authors: BAXTER J. SMITH
Published: September 2008

Following a brief account of the history of the therapeutic use of cold in medicine, the paper discusses the basic principles involved in producing satisfactory instruments for conveniently achieving low temperatures.

Consideration is given to some of the machinery currently available for the production of cryolesions‐from the cheap simplicity of the authors self‐made probes to the most sophisticated and expensive equipment available in the field of cryosurgery.
The haematological examination of canine blood samples received by post: the influence of delay in examination on red cell parameters
Authors: HINTON M. , JONES D. R. E.
Published: September 2008

The mean packed cell volume (PCV) for canine blood samples received by post was significantly higher than that for fresh samples, at each haemoglobin value over the range 9 to 19 g/dl. As a consequence the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) also differed. Apart from one Hb value there was no significant difference in the mean red blood cell (rbc) count over the Hb range 6 to 14 g/dl. It is suggested that the normal values for the PCV and MCV should be 3 to 5% and 5 to 7 f 1 higher respectively for postal samples as compared to fresh samples while the MCHC should be about 3 to 4 g/dl lower.
Diseases of the nictitating membrane of the dog
Authors: BARNETT K. C.
Published: September 2008

The clinical signs and treatment of the following conditions of the nictitating membrane are described–prominence of the nictitating membrane due to various causes, injuries and foreign bodies, conjunctivitis, plasma cell infiltration, disorders of the nictitans gland, neoplasia, and deformity of the cartilage. The surgical removal of the third eyelid is also discussed.
Hereditary cataract in the dog
Authors: BARNETT K. C.
Published: September 2008

Hereditary cataract in the dog is described as it occurs in the Boston Terrier, the Staffordshire Bull Terrier, the Miniature Schnauzer, the Golden Retriever, the Labrador Retriever, the American Cocker Spaniel, the Afghan Hound, and the Old English Sheepdog. The mode of inheritance in each breed is also discussed and includes both dominant and recessive patterns.
Arcus lipoides corneae secondary to hypothyroidism in the Alsatian
Authors: CRISPIN SHEILA M. , BARNETT K. C.
Published: September 2008

Five cases of arcus lipoides corneae in the Alsatian are described. The affected animals were investigated and found to be hyperlipoproteinaemic and hypothyroid. Appropriate treatment was instigated and the results of treatment are presented. The laboratory findings for the five cases are compared with those for ten normal Alsatians of similar age range.
Metastasis of a transmissible venereal tumour to the pituitary
Authors: SPENCE J. A. , HOLT P. E. , SAYER P. D. , ROTTCHER D. , COOPER J. E.
Published: September 2008

This report presents a case of metastasising transmissible venereal tumour (TVT) with lesions of the penis, lip, spleen and pituitary. The clinical picture is outlined and the associated diagnostic radiographic procedures used to reach a final diagnosis of a space–occupying lesion in the region of the pituitary are described. A definitive diagnosis of a metastasizing TVT was reached by histopathological examination and it is concluded that the pituitary and spleen metastases are examples of the systemic dissemination of the original penile tumour whilst the lip lesion probably arose by direct contact.
Bacterial endocarditis with polyarthritis in two dogs associated with circulating autoantibodies
Authors: BENNETT DAVID , GILBERTSON ELIZABETH M. M. , GRENNAN DAVID
Published: September 2008

The clinical and pathological features of two cases of bacterial endocarditis in the dog are described. Non–organ specific autoantibodies (antinuclear factor and rheumatoid factor) were detected in the sera and their significance is discussed.
Chronic superficial keratitis (keratitis superficialis chronica) in the dog – I. A review of the literature
Authors: AUSTAD R. , ØEN E. O.
Published: September 2008

A review of the literature of chronic superficial keratitis in the dog is given, including a description of the clinical signs, pathology, aetiology and treatment.
Chronic superficial keratitis in the dog – II. Results of a combined non–surgical treatment
Authors: AUSTAD R. , øEN E. O.
Published: September 2008

The results obtained in the treatment of chronic superficial keratitis in the dog by means of local cauterization with alcoholic iodine solution, subconjunctival application of prednisolone and intravenous ascorbic acid injections are described.

During the period 1970‐75, 29 dogs were treated of which 17 recovered without relapse after one full treatment, while 6 recovered after two–to–four full treatments. Two dogs were treated with eye ointment on relapse, and four others were put down after having relapsed according to the owners.

The method of treatment described is simple and requires little special equipment. To ensure a favourable outcome early treatment is essential.
Clinical management of neoplasia – 2. Chemotherapy and immunotherapy
Authors: OWEN L. N. , BOSTOCK D. E.
Published: September 2008

Chemotherapy for canine lymphosarcoma using vincristine, cytosine arabinoside, cyclophosphamide and prednisone produced a median remission time of 15 weeks and survival time of 6 months. Injections of BCG to dogs in remission was not beneficial.

Following amputation for osteosarcoma, dogs were injected intravenously on several occasions with BCG vaccine. Of twenty dogs treated, eleven lived 6 months or more and eight lived over one year. The longest survival was 92 weeks.
Hexachlorophene toxicity in dogs
Authors: BATH M. L.
Published: September 2008

Two cases of hexachlorophene toxicity are presented. The first in a litter of puppies and the second in two adult dogs. The history, clinical signs and post–mortem findings are described.
The nasal mite of dogs, Pneumonyssus caninum. A case report from Norway
Authors: THARALDSEN J. , GR0NDALEN J.
Published: September 2008

The dog nasal mite, Pneumonyssus caninum, is reported from Norway for the first time in a 6–year–old mongrel with moderate clinical symptoms. Mites had been seen for a brief period 2 years previously, but the recent occurrence proved to be much more persistent. Various treatments were tried with little success. Finally a polyethylene bag containing a Vapona (dichlorvos) strip was tied around the dog's nose for 60–90 seconds twice, with 2 days interval. Subsequently, the mites disappeared for about one month.
The surgical treatment of cervical disc protrusions in the dog: a review of 40 cases
Authors: DENNY H. R.
Published: September 2008

The case histories of 40 dogs with cervical disc protrusions are described. In each case fenestration of the affected disc and prophylactic fenestration of the other cervical discs was carried out. The results of treatment are presented.
Tracheo–oesophageal fistula as a complication of an oesophageal foreign body in the dog – a case report
Authors: DODMAN N. H. , BAKER G. J.
Published: September 2008

A transthoracic oesophagotomy for the removal of an oesophageal foreign body from a 1^–year–old Yorkshire Terrier bitch is described. The surgical and anaesthetic management of this case was complicated by a tracheo–oesophageal fistula which had arisen as a sequel to oesophageal obstruction.
The prognosis and treatment related to the gross appearance and laboratory characteristics of pathological thoracic fluids in the cat
Authors: GRUFFYDD–JONES T. J. , FLECKNELL P. A.
Published: September 2008

54 cases of thoracic fluid accumulation in the cat are described. Thymic lymphosarcoma, exudative pleurisy and acquired cardiac disease were the most important causes of fluid formation. The prognosis could be correlated well with the gross appearance of the fluid and was poor except in cases yielding purulent or flocculent material.
Cutaneous granulomas associated with Mycobacterium fortuitum infection in a cat
Authors: WILKINSON G. T. , KELLY *W. R. , O'BOYLE DENISE
Published: September 2008

Feline mycobacterial skin infections are reviewed briefly. A case of skin granulomas in a cat associated with the presence of the fast–growing acid–fast bacillus, Mycobacterium fortuitum, is reported. Surgical excision was followed by recurrence, but resolution of the lesions was obtained by tetracycline therapy for 12 weeks interspersed with a 14–day course of choloramphenicol. An attempt at experimental transmission to a kitten was unsuccessful. The characteristics of the fast–growing mycobacteria and the possible sources of infection are discussed.
Anaesthesia in wild and aviary birds
Authors: CAMBURN M. A. , STEAD A. C.
Published: September 2008

The authors' experiences of avian anaesthesia are described. A total of 90 anaesthetics were given to 64 individual birds of 23 different species. Metomidate and CT 1341 were found to be unsatisfactory anaesthetic agents when given by intramuscular injection but ketamine hydrochloride, by a similar route, provided a short period of anaesthesia in owls. A simple inhalation technique using oxygen, nitrous oxide and halothane proved to be both efficient and reliable.
Anaesthesia with Fentanyl–Metomidate in the cat and its effects on respiration and circulation
Authors: ERHARDT W. , FRITSCH R. , CHRIST K. , SPRENZINGER P. , BLÜMEL G.
Published: September 2008

Narcosis with Fentanyl–Hypnodil was evaluated in 14 cats. Four were given Lorfan at the end of the narcosis. Clinical variables such as induction, narcotic and awakening phase were recorded. Respiratory variables such as Pao2, Paco2, pH and frequency of respiration, as well as circulatory variables such as pulse frequency, blood pressure and cardiac output were measured.

Narcosis with Fentanyl–Hypnodil had a marked respiratory depressive effect but did not interfere with circulation. As a morphine antagonist Lorfan was appropriate for terminating the period of anaesthesia and to control respiratory depression.
M. M. JULIANA†
Authors: NORTHINGTON J. W. , JULIANA M. M.
Published: September 2008

Extradural lymphosarcoma was the cause of spinal cord dysfunction in six cats. Diagnostic procedures, including haematology, radiology, and cytology, performed prior to death, failed to reveal the cause of spinal cord dysfunction. Necropsy and histological findings confirmed the diagnosis of extradural lymphosarcoma.
Pain in small animals – its recognition and control
Authors: YOXALL A. T.
Published: September 2008

The importance of appreciating the presence of pain in small animals is discussed, and an outline of current concepts in the physiology of pain is presented. The clinical use of therapeutic agents in the control of pain is described. Some discussion on the mechanisms of action of acupuncture is included.
Blastic crisis in chronic myelogenous leukaemia in a dog
Authors: POLLET L. , Van HOVE W. , MATTHEEUWS D.
Published: September 2008

A nine–year old Short–haired German Pointer bitch suffered from chronic myelogenous leukaemia for possibly more than a year. In the terminal stages the blood and bone marrow showed changes compatible with a blastic crisis.
Ectopic ureters in the cat – a report of two cases
Authors: BIEWENGA W. J. , ROTHUIZEN J. , VOORHOUT G.
Published: September 2008

Two cases of ectopic ureters in cats are described. In both the male and the female cat urinary incontinence was the prominent feature. Diagnosis was made by excretion urography. In both cats the ectopia was bilateral. The ureters were surgically reimplanted in the bladder, which gave total relief of the incontinence. A follow–up study is described, and the results are discussed.
The role of the vaginal smear in the detection of metoestrus and anoestrus in the bitch
Authors: DORE M. A.
Published: September 2008

The vaginal smear was studied in relation to the rest of the genital tract during metoestrus and anoestrus in the bitch. The smear of progressive metoestrus contained superficial, large intermediate, small intermediate and parabasal cells. Cytolysis was absent and WBCs were abundant. In regressive metoestrus, there was a shift towards more basal type cells. Also, cuboidal and columnar cells became common and cytolysis was present. In anoestrus, parabasal and small intermediate cells, in addition to cuboidal and columnar, were the dominant cell types in the smear. Cytolysis was now marked and WBCs were absent or scarce.
The surgical management of elbow joint deformity associated with premature growth plate closure in dogs
Authors: MASON T. A. , BAKER M. J.
Published: September 2008

Two clinical cases are described, with premature closure of the growth plate of the distal ulna in one and of the distal radius in the other. Radical resection of the distal ulna was carried out to remove the ‘bow–string’ effect in premature closure of the distal ulna. The associated elbow joint deformities were corrected by moving the radius relative to the ulna. This was achieved by placing transverse pins in the bones, and connecting these externally with elastic.
Premature closure of the distal ulnar growth plate in dogs–a review of 58 cases
Authors: RAMADAN R. O. , VAUGHAN L. C.
Published: September 2008

Among 92 dogs with disturbance of a growth plate, were 58 with early closure of the distal ulnar pla'te. For the latter group the breed, sex and age prevalence are indicated, and an account is provided of the main clinical and radiographic features associated with this condition. Treatment was by stapling in the majority while others were treated by osteotomy or conservatively. Measurements were made on radiographs of the bones affected to establish the degree of length loss before and after treatment. Aspects of the aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of this condition are discussed.
Inflammatory polypoid growths in the ear canal of cats
Authors: HARVEY COLIN E. , GOLDSCHMIDT MICHAEL H.
Published: September 2008

The characteristic clinical and pathological features of polyps of the ear canal as seen in 12 cats at the University of Pennsylvania Veterinary Hospital are described. In the authors' experience, and contrary to previous reports, inflammatory polyps are the commonest tumour of the feline ear and can be differentiated clinically from other neoplasms.
Rare earth intensifying screens in veterinary radiology
Authors: STROMBERG BERNDT , OLSSON STEN–ERIK , LUNDGREN MAGNUS
Published: September 2008

Radiation dose to personnel and low capacity X–ray equipment are obstacles to the optimal use of veterinary radiology. In order to find means to lower radiation dose and improve the quality of the radiographic image in veterinary radiology the authors have tested the so–called rare earth intensifying screens under experimental and clinical conditions. Of the basis of their findings they recommend the use of predominantly green light–emitting screen with lanthanum oxysulphide crystals activated with terbium, in combination with orthochromatic film. This combination was shown to give the best ratio image–screen noise. Considerable dose reduction was obtained with this system, and the image quality improved due to less blurring by motion.
Pituitary dwarfism in German Shepherd Dogs
Authors: ALLAN G. S. , HUXTABLE C. R. R. , HOWLET C. R. , BAXTER R. C. , DUFF B. , FARROW B. R. H.
Published: September 2008

Eleven German Shepherd dogs with pituitary dwarfism were examined. They were severely stunted in growth and possessed abnormal hair coats with persistence of the soft puppy (lanugo) coat and symmetrical areas of alopecia. Various other physical defects were often present in affected dogs. Detailed hormonal studies demonstrated a severe deficiency in growth hormone in all five cases so evaluated. A decrease in somatomedin activity was present in three of these cases. Changes in growth plates epiphyses and ossification centres were apparent on radiographic examination of four of the eleven dogs. Epiphyseal dysgenesis was confirmed histologically in two of these cases. Of the six brains which were examined post mortem, four showed large cystic lesions involving the adenohypo–physis and two had pituitary hypoplasia with virtual absence of adenohy–pophyseal tissue.
The genetic control of Perthes' disease in toy poodles–a working hypothesis
Authors: PIDDUCK HEATHER , WEBBON P. M.
Published: September 2008

A new stud dog was introduced into a kennel of toy poodles and, out of a total of 28 puppies, produced four with Perthes' disease. An analysis of the pedigrees of the dog and the ten bitches with which he was mated gave results which were consistent with the hypothesis that Perthes' disease is caused by homozygosity for an autosomal recessive gene.
Intestinal ganglioneuroma in a kitten–a case report and review of literature
Authors: PATNAIK A. K. , LIEBERMAN P. H. , JOHNSON G. F.
Published: September 2008

An intestinal ganglioneuroma of a 6–week–old male kitten is described. The neoplasm was well circumscribed and involved a 6–5–cm segment of the jejunum, which was dilated and had a 6–10 mm thick wall. It was characterized histologically by irregularly–arranged bundles of nerve fibres, with Schwann cells and single or groups of round or angular ganglion cells. Some of the ganglion cells had satellite cells. Vessels with prominent endothelial cells, and islands of epithelial cells forming acini, were also seen. The age of the kitten and slow nature of growth of this tumour led the authors to believe that this is a case of congenital neoplasia. This is the first report of an intestinal ganglioneuroma in a cat.
Avulsion of the popliteal muscle in an Afghan Hound
Authors: EATON–WELLS R. D. , PLUMMER G. V.
Published: September 2008

The diagnosis and successful surgical correction of avulsion of the origin of the popliteus muscle is reported in a 4–month–old female Afghan Hound.
A case of craniomandibular osteopathy in a Boxer
Authors: SCHULZ S.
Published: September 2008

Successful treatment is reported of a 12–month–old female Boxer and restoration of its ability to open its jaws after high dosage cortico–steroid combined with specific antibiotic therapy against certain bacteria found in the craniomandibular lesions. Radiographs and drawings show the pathological and remodelling effects. A hypo–gamma–globulinemia, an elevated alkaline phosphatase and an alpha–2–hyperglobulinemia were other features of the disease.
Osteochondritis dissecans of the tibio–tarsal joint in the dog
Authors: ROSENBLUM G. P. , ROBINS G. M. , CARLISLE C. H.
Published: September 2008

In five dogs with osteochondritis dissecans in the hock joint the primary lesions were on the medial ridges of the trochlea of the tibial tarsal bones. Clinical and radiographic findings, and surgical techniques are described. Possible aetiological factors, and the results of treatment are discussed.
Fatal haemobartonellosis in a non–splenectomized dog–a case report
Authors: NORTH D. c.
Published: September 2008

A 4–year–old non–splenectomized Irish Setter which had survived one episode of pyrexia and icterus died during a haemolytic crisis associated with a more severe relapse. Laboratory investigations revealed large numbers of organisms identified as Haemobartonella species in the blood, together with a marked neutrophilia and shift to the left. A post–mortem examination revealed only widespread icterus. No previous record of Haemobartonellosis in a dog in Great Britain has been found.
Gastric torsion in the dog—I. Radiological picture during nonsurgical treatment related to the pathological anatomy and to the further clinical course
Authors: FUNKQUIST B.
Published: September 2008

If attempted nonsurgical evacuation of a twisted stomach is unsuccessful, as indicated (on radiographs) by a distinct gas bag ventrally and to the right in the abdomen, there is always a displacement of the dilated and gas‐filled fundus into the omental bursa. The fundus is trapped in that position by a ‘ring’ consisting of the splenic artery, the short gastric arteries, the left crus of the diaphragm and a part of the corpus of the stomach. The ‘ring’ strangulates the transition zone between the fundus and the corpus of the stomach. The displaced fundus thus forms the contents of an ‘inner hernia’ with the structures mentioned above functioning as the ‘hernial ring’.

The radiographic course of events after a successful evacuation of a stomach in torsion shows great variations from case to case. Sometimes the stomach returns to a normal position immediately, or within hours, after evacuation. In other cases it may remain ‘upside down’ for days or weeks without causing a functional disturbance. The variations of the radiological course as related to patho‐anatomical and clinical observations are discussed.
Osteophyte formation in the canine stifle joint following treatment for rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament
Authors: HEFFRON LYNN E. , CAMPBELL J. R.
Published: September 2008

A clinical and radiological study of osteophyte formation following surgical or conservative treatment for rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (C.C.L.), was carried out in thirty‐eight dogs. Osteophyte formation had occurred in all of the affected stifle joints, in the period between treatment and the re‐examination, irrespective of the method of treatment. In general, the degree of formation was less than that which had occurred before treatment. In the larger and more obese dogs, osteophyte formation was more extensive. The degree of lameness did not appear to be related to the degree of osteophyte formation radiographically evident at re‐examination. No direct correlation could be established between the degree of joint instability, assessed at the re‐examination, the degree of osteophyte formation following treatment, or the function of the limb.
Canine giardiasis: a review
Authors: BARLOUGH J. E.
Published: September 2008

Giardia canis infection is described. The possible pathogenetic mechanisms by which Giardia spp. produce a malabsorption syndrome are discussed. Evidence that both humoral and cellular immunity may play a role in the pathogenesis is reviewed.
Biochemistry and behaviour: systemic aspects of neurological disturbances
Authors: MICHELL A. R.
Published: September 2008

This article considers ways in which simple changes in plasma composition (especially in the concentration of Na+, Ca++, Mg++ and glucose) can initiate most of the symptoms usually associated with neurological disorders. The more complex deterioration of plasma composition inflicted by renal or hepatic failure is also discussed and related to behavioural abnormalities. Although most of the relevant clinical observations have been in man, the extent to which experimental animals demonstrate similar effects suggests that the importance of these conditions in veterinary medicine may be underestimated. Even if they are less frequent, they deserve attention because, in principal, they are easily diagnosed and, in contrast to other neural disturbances, readily reversible.
A survey of bone fractures in the dog and cat
Authors: PHILLIPS I. R.
Published: September 2008

A survey was made of 284 canine and 298 feline fractures admitted to a metropolitan small animal hospital over a 2‐year period. Approximately 80% of fractures occurred in animals less than 3‐years old. Males were more commonly involved than females in both species. Road accidents were the main cause of fracture but falls and crush injuries were more common in dogs than cats. Bones most commonly affected in the cat were femur (28·2%), pelvis (24·8%) and mandible (11·4%), and in the dog radius and ulna (17·3%), pelvis (15·8%), femur (14·8), and tibia (14·8%). Forty percent of fractures were treated conservatively or by external fixation, 46·8% by internal fixation, and 13‐1% were not treated. Results were satisfactory in 96·7% of treated cases.
Restoration of an incisor tooth of a Wolfhound: case report
Authors: ADAMS D. , GILLESPIE J.
Published: September 2008

A technique is described for the restoration of a fractured upper incisor tooth in an Irish Wolfhound by the provision of a bonded porcelain/gold post crown* and an apicectomy with retrograde amalgam root filling.
Temporo‐mandibular joint dysplasia and open‐mouth jaw locking in a Bassett Hound: a case report
Authors: THOMAS R. E.
Published: September 2008

A case of temporo‐mandibular joint dysplasia with open‐mouth jaw locking is described with reference to diagnosis and surgical treatment. Previous cases reported in the literature are reviewed.
Muscle and tendon injuries in dogs
Authors: VAUGHAN L. C.
Published: September 2008

The conditions described fall into three categories: (1) muscle contractures (mm. infraspinatus, gracilis and quadriceps); (2) avulsion and displacement of muscles and tendons; and (3) severance of tendons (Achilles, digital flexors).

The clinical features and treatment are outlined for each condition mentioned, and aspects of aetiology are discussed.

The approach essential to the satisfactory repair of severed tendons is presented and the techniques employed for primary and secondary suturing are described.

An account is also given of the use being made of carbon fibre implants in the repair of tendon injuries.
Functional neoplasms of the canine pancreatic‐islet β‐cells: a clinico‐pathological study of three cases
Authors: HUXTABLE C. R. , FARROW B. R. H.
Published: September 2008

Three dogs with neurological signs were found to have functional pancreatic islet β‐cell carcinomas. The clinical picture was different in each case but all dogs were shown to have episodes of hypoglycaemia with concurrent inappropriate hyperinsulinism. The pathological and ultra‐structural features of the neoplasms, with the exception of one which contained large amounts of amyloid, were as described in previous accounts. The results of attempted cytotoxic therapy in one of the dogs are described.
Feline cryptococcosis: a review and seven case reports
Authors: WILKINSON G. T.
Published: September 2008

Systemic infection of the cat with the yeast‐like fungus, Cryptococcus neoformans, is reviewed. Seven cases of the disease are reported, two of which were treated unsuccessfully with the anti‐fungal agent, amphotericin B.
Filaroides osieri infection in the dog
Authors: CLAYTON HILARY M. , LINDSAY FLORA E. F.
Published: September 2008

The biology of F. osleri and its pathogenic effects in dogs are reviewed. The diagnosis treatment and prophylaxis of the infestation are described.
Temporomandibular joint dysplasia in an Irish Setter
Authors: JOHNSON K. A.
Published: September 2008

Dysplasia of the temporomandibular joints was diagnosed in an Irish Setter. The condyloid process was mis‐shapen and the glenoid fossa flattened, which allowed subluxation of the temporomandibular joints with recurrent locking of the coronoid process on the zygomatic arch with the mouth open. Permanent relief from open mouth jaw locking was given by partial zygomatic arch ostectomy.
Serial percutaneous testicular biopsy in the Beagle dog
Authors: JAMES R. W. , HEYWOOD R. , FOWLER D. J.
Published: September 2008

The effects of serial percutaneous testicular biopsy on testicular size, semen characteristics and plasma testosterone have been assessed. Testicular atrophy occurred in one dog after the first biopsy, but apparently there were no permanent deleterious effects on semen characteristics or testosterone concentrations. The histological changes 72 hours and 14 days after bilateral testicular biopsy were examined in one dog. Initial haemorrhage and necrosis with subsequent fibrosis and atrophy occurred at the biopsy site. The surrounding tissue remained normal in appearance. The technique may be worthwhile for establishing diagnostic criteria in cases of male canine infertility. Not enough tubules are obtained in circular cross‐section to allow detailed histomorphometric analysis of spermatogenesis under laboratory conditions.
Distemper in Nigerian dogs and its differentiation from rabies
Authors: ABDULLAHI S. U.
Published: September 2008

Four cases of distemper in Nigerian dogs with nervous signs similar to those of rabies are described. Two of them died: postmortem examination and laboratory tests confirmed the presence of distemper and the absence of rabies. The other two dogs recovered.
The haemogram of dogs with intestinal parasites in Zaria, Nigeria
Authors: SAROR D. I. , Van VEEN T. W. SCHILLHORN , ADEYANJU J. B.
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTS

One hundred and fifty‐four dogs brought to the Ahmadu Bello University Veterinary Clinic for routine examination, in which an eosinophil count of 8% or higher was observed on laboratory examination, were found to be infested with one or more types of intestinal parasites. These included hookworms, tapeworms, coccidia, ascarids and spirocerca, with hookworms accounting for 51% of parasites found. Although dogs of all ages were affected, a higher incidence was observed in those under 2 years. The clinical and public health significance of these findings are emphasized.