bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shear wave tensiometry tracks reductions in collateral ligament tension due to incremental releases
Authors: Blomquist Matthew B. , Blank Jonathon L. , Schmitz Dylan G. , Thelen Darryl G. , Roth Joshua D.
Published: June 2022

Surgeons routinely perform incremental releases on overly tight ligaments during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to reduce ligament tension and achieve their desired implant alignment. However, current methods to assess whether the surgeon achieved their desired reduction in the tension of a released ligament are subjective and/or do not provide a quantitative metric of tension in an individual ligament. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to determine whether shear wave tensiometry, a novel method to assess tension in individual ligaments based on the speed of shear wave propagation, can detect changes in ligament tension following incremental releases. In seven medial and eight lateral collateral porcine ligaments (MCL and LCL, respectively), we measured shear wave speeds and ligament tensions before and after incremental releases consisting of punctures with an 18‐gauge needle. We found that shear wave speed squared decreased linearly with decreasing tension in both the MCL (average coefficient of determination (R2avg) = 0.76) and LCL (R2avg = 0.94). We determined that errors in predicting tension following incremental releases were 26.2 and 14.2 N in the MCL and LCL, respectively, using ligament‐specific calibrations. These results suggest shear wave tensiometry is a promising method to objectively measure the tension reduction in released structures. Clinical Significance: Direct, objective measurements of the tension changes in individual ligaments following release could enhance surgical precision during soft tissue balancing in total knee arthroplasty. Thus, shear wave tensiometry could help surgeons reduce the risk of poor outcomes associated with overly tight ligaments, including residual knee pain and stiffness.
Naturally occurring osteochondrosis latens lesions identified by quantitative and morphological 10.5 T MRI in pigs
Authors: Armstrong Alexandra R. , Zbýň Štefan , Kajabi Abdul Wahed , Metzger Gregory J. , Ellermann Jutta M. , Carlson Cathy S. , Tóth Ferenc
Published: June 2022

Juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (JOCD) is a pediatric orthopedic disorder that involves the articular–epiphyseal cartilage complex and underlying bone. Clinical disease is often characterized by the presence of radiographically apparent osteochondral flaps and fragments. The existence of early JOCD lesions (osteochondrosis latens [OCL] and osteochondrosis manifesta [OCM]) that precede the development of osteochondral flaps and fragments is also well recognized. However, identification of naturally occurring OCL lesions (confined to cartilage) using noninvasive imaging techniques has not yet been accomplished. We hypothesized that 10.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can identify naturally occurring OCL lesions at predilection sites in intact joints of juvenile pigs. Unilateral elbows and knees (stifles) were harvested from three pigs aged 4, 8, and 12 weeks, and scanned in a 10.5 T MRI to obtain morphological 3D DESS images, and quantitative T2 and T1ρ relaxation time maps. Areas with increased T2 and T1ρ relaxation times in the articular–epiphyseal cartilage complex were identified in 1/3 distal femora and 3/3 distal humeri and were considered suspicious for OCL or OCM lesions. Histological assessment confirmed the presence of OCL or OCM lesions at each of these sites and failed to identify additional lesions. Histological findings included necrotic vascular profiles associated with areas of chondronecrosis either confined to the epiphyseal cartilage (OCL, 4‐ and 8‐week‐old specimens) or resulting in a delay in endochondral ossification (OCM, 12‐week‐old specimen). Future studies with clinical MR systems (≤7 T) are needed to determine whether these MRI methods are suitable for the in vivo diagnosis of early JOCD lesions in humans.
Muscle activity with 0.5 T upright MRI—DESS to measure T2 in biceps and triceps
Authors: Shaikh Noor , Yung Andrew , Zhang Honglin , Street John  , Laule Cornelia , Oxland Thomas , Wilson David R.
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine if muscle activity of the biceps followed by isometric flexion changes T2 measured in the biceps. It is hypothesized that an increase in T2 will be observed in the biceps but not in the triceps after flexion exercise. Ten healthy volunteers were imaged with a one‐channel neck coil while seated in a 0.5 T upright open magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner using a three‐dimensional double echo steady‐state (DESS) sequence. Volunteers were imaged while relaxing their arm for 10, 20, and 30  min during an isometric biceps flexion immediately following performance of biceps curls to exhaustion, and again after relaxing for 10 and 20 min. Voxel‐wise T2 was calculated by fitting to a DESS signal equation in regions segmented at muscle centers to determine mean T2. During isometric biceps flexion immediately following biceps curls, mean T2 increased (average 33%, p < 0.05) in the biceps but not in the triceps. By 20 min after curls, mean T2 decreased (p < 0.05), and was near preactivity values. In contrast, there was no change in triceps T2 across any activity or postactivity time points. Intra‐rater repeatability was excellent (ICC: 0.90–0.97). This study demonstrated that measuring T2 in an active muscle is feasible using a DESS sequence in an upright open MRI scanner. This could enable the study of muscle function while the muscle is working and weight‐bearing, rather than of the “fatigue” of the muscles after activity. In comparison to electromyography, MRI also enables the study of deep muscles and allows simultaneous assessment of activity and function.
Circulating small extracellular vesicles from patients with periodontitis contribute to development of insulin resistance
Authors: Wang Fei , Peng Linlin , Gu Fan , Huang Pei , Cheng Bo , Chen Gang , Meng Liuyan , Bian Zhuan
Published: June 2022

Background

Epidemiological studies have identified the role of periodontitis in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. It is well‐known that small extracellular vesicles are lipid bilayer vesicles derived from cells with a diameter around 30 to 200 nm. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether periodontitis induced or exacerbated insulin resistance via circulating small extracellular vesicles.

Methods

Plasma small extracellular vesicles from control and periodontitis rats were intravenously injected into type 2 diabetic rats. Insulin tolerance tests, glucose tolerance tests, and the activation of the insulin signaling pathway were measured to detect the effect of the plasma small extracellular vesicles on insulin sensitivity. In addition, circulating small extracellular vesicles from patients with periodontitis with or without diabetes were isolated and co‐cultured with HepG2 cells. The ability of glucose uptake was assessed using the fluorescence of 2‐NBDG via flow cytometry. The activation of insulin signaling pathway was examined via Western blotting. Real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) was used to detect the expression of enzyme related to glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.

Results

Small extracellular vesicles derived from the plasma of periodontitis rats further impaired glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance in diabetic rats and significantly reduced the activation of the insulin signaling pathway in liver tissues, as evidenced by the decreased levels of p‐AKT and p‐GSK3β and the reduced hepatic glycogen content. For small extracellular vesicles isolated from human plasma, the concentration of small extracellular vesicles in patients with type 2 diabetes combined with periodontitis was higher than that of the healthy control and periodontitis alone. Moreover, circulating small extracellular vesicles from patients with periodontitis significantly inhibited the glucose uptake capacity and inhibited insulin signaling of HepG2 cells.

Conclusion

Periodontitis acted as a contributing factor to exacerbate insulin resistance of type 2 diabetic rats. Plasma small extracellular vesicles played a critical role in periodontitis aggravating insulin resistance.
On‐package indicator films based on natural pigments and polysaccharides for monitoring food quality: a review
Authors: Kanha Nattapong , Osiriphun Sukhuntha , Rakariyatham Kanyasiri , Klangpetch Wannaporn , Laokuldilok Thunnop
Published: June 2022

Deterioration of food quality and freshness is mainly due to microbial growth and enzyme activity. Chilled fresh food, especially meat and seafood, as well as pasteurized products, rapidly lose quality and freshness during packing, distribution and storage. Real‐time food quality monitoring using on‐package indicator films can help consumers make informed purchasing decisions. Interest in the use of intelligent packaging systems for monitoring safety and food quality has increased in recent years. Polysaccharide‐based films can be developed into on‐package indicator films due to their excellent film‐forming properties and biodegradability. Another important component is the use of colorants with visible color changes at various pH levels. Currently, natural pigments are receiving increased attention because of their safety and environmental friendliness. This review highlights the recent findings regarding the role of natural pigments, the effects of incorporating natural pigments and polysaccharides on properties of indicator film, current application and limitations of on‐package indicator films based on polysaccharides in some foods, problems and improvement of physical properties and color conversion of indicator film containing natural pigments, and development of polysaccharide‐based pH‐responsive films. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Current trends and perspectives on bioaccessibility and bioavailability of food bioactive peptides:in vitroandex vivostudies
Authors: Álvarez‐Olguín Miguel A , Beltrán‐Barrientos Lilia M , Hernandez‐Mendoza Adrian , González‐Córdova Aarón F , Vallejo‐Cordoba Belinda
Published: June 2022

The bioaccessibility and bioavailability of food‐derived bioactive compounds are important issues when assessing theirin vivophysiological health‐promoting effects. Food components such as proteins and peptides are exposed to different proteases and peptidases during gastrointestinal digestion and absorption. Differentin vitroapproaches have therefore been developed to evaluate the bioaccessibility and stability of bioactive peptides. The static simulated gastrointestinal digestion model (SGD) was widely reported to assess the bioaccessibility of bioactive peptides. On the other hand, although the dynamic SGD model may better simulate human digestion, it has rarely been explored in bioaccessibility studies of food bioactive peptides due to its high cost and lack of standardization. For bioavailability studies, the Caco‐2 cell monolayer model has been used extensively for the assessment of food bioactive peptides. In fact, very few reports using alternative methods for determining transepithelial transport of bioactive peptides have been employed. In this sense,ex vivotissue‐based models such as the Ussing chamber and the everted sac gut have been used. Current evidence supports the fact that using SGD with cell‐based models for evaluating the bioaccessibility, absorption, and bioavailability of food‐derived bioactive peptides, is the most commonly used approach. Nevertheless, SGD withex vivotissue‐based models such as the everted sac, remains to be further explored because it seems to be the model that better mimics the physiological process – it is also fast and inexpensive, and several compounds may be tested simultaneously. In the present review, we discuss information available on the differentin vitroapproaches for the determination of bioaccessibility and bioavailability of food‐derived bioactive peptides with special emphasis onex vivotissue‐based models such as the everted sac and the Ussing chamber models. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Influence of the temperature and the origin of CO2 (anaerobiosis methodology) on the intracellular fermentation of wines made by carbonic maceration
Authors: Santamaría Pilar , González‐Arenzana Lucía , Escribano‐Viana Rocío , Garijo Patrocinio , Sanz Susana , Gutiérrez Ana Rosa
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

The present study aimed to determine the optimal conditions for making wines by the carbonic maceration (CM) method. In this test, we attempted to identify the causes of the higher volatile acidity of some wines vinified by this method. Accordingly, we measured the development and speed of intracellular fermentation inside the whole grapes under different vinification conditions.

RESULTS

An active fermentation of the must in the tanks produced by inoculation with active dry yeasts was more efficient for the process than the addition of exogenous carbon dioxide (CO2). In addition, in CM vinification, the moment of devatting had a great influence on the content of acetaldehyde and acetic acid in the whole grapes.

CONCLUSION

Yeast inoculation in the tanks and control of the devatting time are technological tools that could play an important role in the characteristics of the wines produced by carbonic maceration, especially with respect to acetic acid content. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Study on antibody adsorption and elution performance of carboxyl and hydrophobic groups on mixed‐mode ligands
Authors: Li Mengting , Lin Dongqiang , Yao Shanjing , Zhang Qilei
Published: June 2022

Molecular interactions between ligands and target biomolecules are crucial in the development of chromatographic techniques for the separation and purification of biotherapeutics. In this study, the role of functional moieties on a mixed‐mode ligand (phenylalanine‐tyrosine‐glutamate‐5‐aminobenzimidazole) for human immunoglobulin G purification was investigated and a detailed mechanism was discussed. A similar ligand with glutamic acid substituted by glutamine (phenylalanine‐tyrosine‐glutamine‐5‐aminobenzimidazole) together with other resins including a commercial resin (CM Bestarose Fast Flow), phenylalanine‐tyrosine‐glutamate, glutamate‐5‐aminobenzimidazole, and 5‐aminobenzimidazole resins were prepared for comparison. Molecular dynamics simulation and experimental studies were used to analyze the difference between these ligands. The results showed that the carboxyl group of phenylalanine‐tyrosine‐glutamate‐5‐aminobenzimidazole contributed 70% of the electrostatic interaction during human immunoglobulin G binding, and 5‐aminobenzimidazole provided electrostatic repulsion for desorption, which showed low selectivity and binding capacities at pH 4.0 (dynamic binding capacities at 10% breakthrough of human immunoglobulin G = 1.0 mg/ml resin, dynamic binding capacities at 10% breakthrough of human serum albumin = 1.2 mg/ml resin) when used as an individual resin ligand. The results showed in this study demonstrated that it is possible to achieve optimal antibody separation and purification through reasonable ligand design by understanding the performance of key functional moieties in binding and elution processes.
High Failure Rates in Young Nonsmoker Nondrinkers With Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Tongue
Authors: Jones Brianna M. , Villavisanis Dillan F. , Lehrer Eric J. , Dickstein Daniel R. , Sindhu Kunal K. , Misiukiewicz Krzysztof J. , Posner Marshall , Liu Jerry T. , Gupta Vishal , Sharma Sonam , Roof Scott A. , Teng Marita , Genden Eric M. , Bakst Richard L.
Published: June 2022

Objective(s)

There has been a disproportionate increase in the incidence of young patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue (SCCOT). The purpose of this study was to compare young patients to older patients with SCCOT without prior drinking or smoking history as this population is poorly characterized in the literature.

Methods

A retrospective review of patients presenting to our institution with SCCOT was performed. The clinical and pathologic characteristics, as well as, outcomes were compared between younger patients (age ≤45) and older patients (age >45). Outcome analysis was performed using Kaplan Meier method. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were performed for age and stage.

Results

Eighty‐two patients (38 young, 44 old) were included in this study. Median follow‐up was 29.4 months. When compared to the older cohort (age >45), the younger cohort (age ≤45) demonstrated lower rates of 5‐year locoregional control (LC) (79.6% vs. 52.5%, p = 0.043) and distant metastasis‐free survival (88.1% vs. 61.8%, p = 0.006). Both cohorts demonstrated similar overall survival rates (55.5% vs. 58.1%) and disease‐specific survival (66.2% vs. 58.1%). Of patients experiencing locoregional failure with available radiation therapy plans and PET scans in younger cohorts (n = 7), 100% demonstrated in‐field failures. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards demonstrated age was an independent predictor of DMFS (p = 0.004) and the advanced stage was a predictor of DSS (p = 0.03).

Conclusions

Young, nondrinker, nonsmokers with SCCOT demonstrate high rates of locoregional recurrence, distant metastasis, and in‐field failures. Future studies are warranted to determine underlying mechanisms driving pathogenesis in this unique cohort.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 133:1110–1121, 2023
Outcome of split‐liver transplantation from pediatric donors weighing 25 kg or less
Authors: Wang Zhen , Gao Wei , Dong Chong , Sun Chao , Wang Kai , Zhang Wei , Song Zhuolun , Qin Hong , Han Chao , Yang Yang , Zhang Fubo , Xu Min , Zheng Weiping , Shen Zhongyang
Published: June 2022

The lower limit of body weight for “splitable” liver grafts remains unknown. To examine the outcome of split‐liver transplantation (SLT) from pediatric donors ≤25 kg relative to conventional graft‐type liver transplantation from deceased donors under corresponding conditions, a total of 158 patients who received primary liver transplantation, including 22 SLTs from donors ≤25 kg, 46 SLTs from donors >25 kg, 76 whole‐liver transplantations, and 14 reduced‐liver transplantations in donors ≤25 kg between January 2018 and December 2019, were included in the study. There was no significant difference in the complications, patient survival, and graft survival between each of the latter three groups and the SLT ≤25 kg group. Pediatric End‐Stage Liver Disease (PELD) score was the independent predictor of graft loss (death or retransplantation). Graft weight was the independent predictor of hepatic artery thrombosis. SLT using well‐selected pediatric donors ≤25 kg is an effective strategy to increase organ availability, especially for low‐body‐weight recipients, compared with conventional graft type from deceased donors under the condition of corresponding donor weight without increasing morbidity and mortality.
Rare variants in PKHD1 associated with Caroli syndrome: Two case reports
Authors: Giacobbe Carola , Di Dato Fabiola , Palma Daniela , Amitrano Michele , Iorio Raffaele , Fortunato Giuliana
Published: June 2022

Background

Caroli disease (CD, OMIM #600643) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by polycystic segmental dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts and extreme variability in age of onset and clinical manifestations. When congenital hepatic fibrosis is associated with the polycystic dilatation of the biliary tract, the condition is referred as Caroli syndrome. The disease is thought to be caused by pathogenic variants in the PKHD1 gene (OMIM *606702).

Method

We report the clinical, biochemical, and molecular characterization of three patients with a clinical suspicion of CS belonging to two different families. The genetic screening was performed using a target custom panel and sequencing was performed on Illumina platform.

Results

Genetic analysis revealed the presence of rare variants in the PKHD1 gene of the analyzed patients. In the first case, and his younger sister, two pathogenic variants (c.2702A>C and c.4870C>T) were found to be associated with a hepatic phenotype at clinical onset, followed by renal disease probably age‐related; while in the second case, one pathogenic variant (c.5879C>G) and a complex allele with uncertain clinical significance [c.3407A>G; c.8345G>C; c.8606C>A] were found to be associated with a severe hepatic phenotype.

Conclusion

The identification of the genetic causes of the disease and their relationship with the clinical phenotype could have a favorable impact on clinical management and complication prevention.
AACAP urges Congress to solve both MH, gun violence crises
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: June 2022

Observing that greater investment in prevention and early intervention services for youth can decrease youth violence, the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) on June 6 released a statement calling on Congress to pass legislation that safeguards our children, families, and communities from gun‐related violence and addresses America's mental health crisis.
Legislation to expand Illinois MH workforce signed into law
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: June 2022

Removing barriers for those wishing to reenter the mental health workforce and incentivizing employers to hire people recovering from mental health issues or substance use disorders (SUDs) are among the provisions in a new law signed by Illinois Gov. J.B. Pritzker on June 10 to expand the state's behavioral health workforce and increase service access.
COVID‐19 increases risk of psychiatric diagnoses months later
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: June 2022

Patients are at significantly increased risk of psychiatric conditions four months following a COVID‐19 diagnosis, according to Oregon State University researchers who added that the degree of increased risk documented in their study is substantially lower compared with previous research on psychiatric disorders among post‐COVID patients. The current study was published in May in World Psychiatry.
A wide‐band antenna with dual open rings resonator for RF energy harvesting
Authors: Zeng Miaowang , Li Zihong , Ding Yanyu , Lin Xianjing
Published: June 2022

In this letter, a wide‐band antenna with dual open rings resonator (DORR) is presented for ambient radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting applications. The proposed antenna is designed to harvest RF energy at DCS1800, UMTS/LTE, and Wi‐Fi bands (1.7–2.65 GHz). The DORR produces a strong coupling effect and leads to more current paths, thus contributing to a wider bandwidth. The measured bandwidth is from 1.68 to 2.80 GHz with 50% fractional bandwidth. The measured gains are 3.5, 5, and 5 dBi at 1.83 GHz (DCS1800), 2 GHz (UMTS/LTE), and 2.45 GHz (Wi‐Fi), respectively. Moreover, over 90% radiation efficiency and larger than 3 dBi gain are achieved for the operating bands. The antenna can be used for RF energy harvesting and various communication applications.
Technical note: Optimal allocation of limited proton therapy resources using model‐based patient selection
Authors: Papp Dávid , Unkelbach Jan
Published: June 2022

Purpose

We consider the following scenario: A radiotherapy clinic has a limited number of proton therapy slots available each day to treat cancer patients of a given tumor site. The clinic's goal is to minimize the expected number of complications in the cohort of all patients of that tumor site treated at the clinic, and thereby maximize the benefit of its limited proton resources.

Methods

To address this problem, we extend the normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) model–based approach to proton therapy patient selection to the situation of limited resources at a given institution. We assume that, on each day, a newly diagnosed patient is scheduled for treatment at the clinic with some probability and with some benefit from protons over photons, which is drawn from a probability distribution. When a new patient is scheduled for treatment, a decision for protons or photons must be made, and a patient may wait only for a limited amount of time for a proton slot becoming available. The goal is to determine the thresholds for selecting a patient for proton therapy, which optimally balance the competing goals of making use of all available slots while not blocking slots with patients with low benefit. This problem can be formulated as a Markov decision process (MDP) and the optimal thresholds can be determined via a value‐policy iteration method.

Results

The optimal thresholds depend on the number of available proton slots, the average number of patients under treatment, and the distribution of values. In addition, the optimal thresholds depend on the current utilization of the facility. For example, if one proton slot is available and a second frees up shortly, the optimal threshold is lower compared to a situation where all but one slot remain blocked for longer.

Conclusions

MDP methodology can be used to augment current NTCP model–based patient selection methods to the situation that, on any given day, the number of proton slots is limited. The optimal threshold then depends on the current utilization of the proton facility. Although, the optimal policy yields only a small nominal benefit over a constant threshold, it is more robust against variations in patient load.
Delays in pulmonary decline in eteplirsen‐treated patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Iff Joel , Gerrits Charles , Zhong Yi , Tuttle Edward , Birk Erica , Zheng Yeya , Paul Xander , Henricson Erik K. , McDonald Craig M. ,   CINRG‐DNHS Investigators
Published: June 2022

Introduction/Aims

Pulmonary decline is a major issue in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Eteplirsen is a United States–approved treatment for patients with DMD and exon 51 skip‐amenable mutations. Previous analyses have shown that eteplirsen is associated with a statistically significant attenuation of pulmonary decline. In this study we evaluate the effect of eteplirsen treatment from newly available data sources on pulmonary function over time in patients with DMD.

Methods

We used a post hoc pooled analysis to compare the percentage of predicted forced vital capacity (FVC%p) and projected time with pulmonary function milestones in patients with DMD and exon 51 skip‐amenable mutations receiving eteplirsen (Studies 204 and 301) or standard of care (SoC; Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group Duchenne Natural History Study). A mixed model for repeated‐measures framework was applied to evaluate the impact of eteplirsen.

Results

An average annual rate of FVC%p decline for eteplirsen‐treated patients was estimated to be 3.47%, a statistically significant attenuation from the 5.95% rate of decline estimated in SoC patients (P = .0001). Using linear extrapolations of the model‐estimated decline in FVC%p, the attenuation in FVC%p decline for eteplirsen‐treated patients corresponded to a delay of 5.72 years in time to needing continuous ventilation, 3.31 years in time to needing nighttime ventilation, and 2.11 years in time to needing a cough assist device compared with SoC patients.

Discussion

The attenuation of FVC%p decline suggests that eteplirsen‐treated patients had statistically significant and clinically meaningful attenuations in pulmonary decline compared with SoC patients.
Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation sustainably increases EEG alpha activity in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Pross Benjamin , Strube Wolfgang , Papazova Irina , Güler Duygu , Häckert Jan , Keeser Daniel , Padberg Frank , Siamouli Melina , Falkai Peter , Hasan Alkomiet
Published: June 2022

Aims

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied to the prefrontal cortex has been frequently used to elicit behavioral changes in patients with schizophrenia. However, the interaction between prefrontal tDCS and electrophysiological changes remains largely uncharted. The present study aimed to investigate cortical electrophysiological changes induced by tDCS in frontal areas by means of repeated electroencephalography (EEG) in patients with schizophrenia.

Methods

In total, 20 patients with schizophrenia received 13 minutes of anodal tDCS (1 mA) applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Repeated resting EEG was recorded before (once) and following (at five follow‐up time‐bins) tDCS to trace post‐tDCS effects. We used sLORETA for source reconstruction to preserve the localization of brain signals with a low variance and to analyze frequency changes.

Results

We observed significant changes after the stimulation in areas highly connected with the stimulated DLPFC areas. The alpha 1 (8.5‐10.0 Hz) activity showed a highly significant, long‐lasting, increase for up to 1 hour after the stimulation in the postcentral gyrus (Brodmann area 2, 3, and 40). Significant yet unstable changes were also seen in the alpha‐2 frequency band precentral at 10 minutes, in the beta‐1 frequency band occipital at 20 minutes, and in the beta‐3 frequency band temporal at 40 minutes.

Conclusion

We were able to show that anodal tDCS can induce stable EEG changes in patients with schizophrenia. The results underline the potential of tDCS to induce long‐lasting neurophysiological changes in patients with schizophrenia showing the possibility to induce brain excitability changes in this population.
Prolonged extrapyramidal symptoms induced by long‐term, intermittent administration of low‐dose olanzapine along with metoclopramide for emesis: A case report
Authors: Sakamoto Shoko , Deguchi Yasuhiko , Uchida Sawako , Itoh Yoshiaki , Inoue Koki
Published: June 2022

Background

Antipsychotics with dopamine (D2) receptor antagonism can be effective for emesis in cancer patients. Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) induced by typical antipsychotics can be exacerbated by other D2 receptor antagonists. We describe a case of persistent EPS induced by long‐term, intermittent administration of low‐dose olanzapine along with metoclopramide for emesis.

Case Presentation

A 59‐year‐old pancreatic cancer patient underwent chemotherapy for 7 months. He was referred to the psychiatry department because of restlessness and insomnia. Although he did not have obvious depressive symptoms, he was anxious about the cancer treatment. For chemotherapy‐induced nausea, he had been prescribed 5 mg of olanzapine intermittently for 7 months. He had last used the drug 9 days before presenting it to us. Additionally, he received metoclopramide and palonosetron as antiemetics. We considered akathisia and cancer‐related anxiety/agitation as possible causes of restlessness and insomnia, and prescribed clonazepam. However, his symptoms worsened, resulting in hospitalization. We reconsidered his symptoms as cancer‐related anxiety/agitation and prescribed quetiapine. Although it was effective, he had tremors and was assessed by a neurologist. Considering the clinical manifestations of rigidity, postural reflex disorder, and a mask‐like face, we suspected drug‐induced parkinsonism and replaced quetiapine with biperiden on the next day, leading to his discharge after 2 weeks. He did not have symptom recurrence even after discontinuation of biperiden.

Conclusions

Long‐term, intermittent administration of low‐dose antipsychotics with other antiemetics having D2 receptor antagonism can cause prolonged EPS. Especially in cancer patients, who often require polypharmacy, clinicians should consider exacerbated adverse effects due to drug interactions.
Relational care in communication as the basis of nonprofit fundraising: Theorizing professional ethics based in stewardship and ethics of care
Authors: Madden Stephanie , Harrison Virginia , Vafeiadis Michail
Published: June 2022

At its core, fundraising is relationship building. Therefore, ethical fundraising requires cultivating genuine, care‐based relationships between various stakeholders by considering relational goals and communicative practices. We advance an ethics of care‐oriented approach toward fundraising based in nurturing authentic relationships with multiple organizational stakeholders, including donors, employees, beneficiaries, and volunteers. Drawing upon ethics of care and stewardship scholarship based in public relations, the purpose of this article is to propose relational care in communication through dialogue as an ethical springboard of nonprofit fundraising.
Comparison of mechanistic pathways of bariatric surgery in patients with diabetes mellitus: A Bayesian network meta‐analysis
Authors: Lin Chaoxing , Yeong Trevor James Jun‐Ming , Lim Wen Hui , Ng Cheng Han , Yau Chun En , Chin Yip Han , Muthiah Mark D. , Loh Poay Huan , Foo Roger S. Y. , Mok Shao Feng , Shabbir Asim , Dimitriadis Georgios K. , Khoo Chin Meng , Chew Nicholas W. S.
Published: June 2022

Objective

Metabolic bariatric procedures are potentially efficacious treatment options in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Previous meta‐analyses focused on individual operative approaches rather than the mechanistic pathways behind different bariatric procedures. This updated network meta‐analysis aimed to synthesize new evidence and comparatively evaluate the efficacy of metabolic surgery against restrictive procedures and standard first‐line treatment for patients with T2DM.

Methods

Embase, MEDLINE, and trial registries were searched for randomized controlled trials on bariatric surgeries in patients with T2DM on September 3, 2021. A Bayesian network meta‐analysis was conducted. The primary outcome was T2DM remission. Secondary outcomes included changes in BMI, lipoprotein levels, and blood pressure.

Results

Thirty‐two articles were included. Metabolic surgery was statistically superior to restrictive procedures (risk ratio [RR]: 2.57, 95% credibility intervals [CrI]: 1.36‐5.43), medical therapy (RR: 35.29, 95% Crl: 10.56‐183.23), and lifestyle intervention (RR: 40.51, 95% Crl: 5.32‐402.59) in T2DM remission. Metabolic surgery significantly lowered BMI and blood pressure compared with other interventions. Restrictive procedures significantly increased high‐density lipoprotein compared with metabolic surgery. Lifestyle intervention and metabolic surgery were statistically superior to restrictive procedures in reducing low‐density lipoprotein.

Conclusions

The superiority in diabetes remission and favorable metabolic profile support the choice of metabolic surgery over restrictive bariatric procedures.
Enhancing the antibacterial activity of PAMAM dendrimer modified with 1,8‐naphthalimides and its copper complex via light illumination
Authors: Staneva Desislava , Manov Hristo , Vasileva‐Tonkova Evgenia , Kukeva Rositsa , Stoyanova Radostina , Grabchev Ivo
Published: June 2022

This work describes the synthesis of a new photoactive PAMAM dendrimer of first generation, modified with 4‐dimethylamino‐1,8‐naphthalimide units and its complexation with Cu2+ ions. The photophysical characteristics of the two compounds in organic solvents of different polarity have been determined. The impact of light on reactive oxygen species from the new compounds and on the cotton fabrics dyed with them has been investigated by an iodometric method, consisting of I− transformation into I3−, which absorbs light at 288 and 352 nm. It has been determined that their antibacterial activity towards Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria enhances upon light illumination, as a resultant synergic effect of the biological activity of the new dendrimers and of the reactive oxygen they generate. The copper complex has been found to be more active than the ligand. Upon their loading onto cotton fabrics both compounds retain their antibacterial activity.
Microparticle‐hydrogel hybrids for sustained release of dual bioactive compounds
Authors: Deng Zhicheng , Li Jinjun , Chen Yun , Huang Chao , Zhong Nanjing , Hu Yong
Published: June 2022

A novel Cur/TPP‐β‐CD/CS/Vc microparticles (MPs) filled CMCS/OSA composite hydrogel was prepared by dispersed the chitosan/vitamin C (CS/Vc) complex and curcumin/TPP‐β‐cyclodextrin (Cur/TPP‐β‐CD) complex in the hydrogel precursor of oxidized sodium alginate (OSA) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). Structural properties of the MPs/CMCS/OSA composite hydrogel were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscope, TG, rheological, and texture analyzer. It was found that the polymeric MPs with a diameter of about 2.5 μm were homogenously embedded in the composite hydrogel by hydrogen bonding and electronic force, resulting in obvious enhanced mechanical strength and stability of the MPs hybrid hydrogel. In vitro release studies show that the release of Cur and Vc can be more efficiently controlled by the different encapsulation pathways. Moreover, the preferential release of the Cur than that of Vc has been confirmed by the two‐dimensional ultraviolet correlation spectroscopy. Therefore, the MPs/CMCS/OSA composite hydrogel can be used for independently controlled release of dual bioactive compounds during codelivery.
Dynamic morphological plasticity in response to emergence timing in Abutilon theophrasti (Malvaceae)
Authors: Wang Shu , Zhou Dao‐Wei
Published: June 2022

Selections on emergence time might be conflicting, suggesting the existence of the optimal emergence time for plants. However, we know little about this and how morphological plasticity contributes to the strategies of plants in response to emergence timing. To better understand this issue from a dynamic perspective, we conducted a field experiment by subjecting plants of Abutilon theophrasti to four emergence treatments (ET1 ~ ET4) and measuring a number of mass and morphological traits on them at different growth stages (I ~ IV). On day 50, 70, and/or final harvest, among all ET treatments, plants germinated in late spring (ET2) performed the best in total mass, spring germinants (ET1) and ET2 performed better in stem allocation, stem, and root diameters than later germinants (ET3 and ET4); summer germinants (ET3) had the highest reproductive mass and allocation, while late‐summer germinants (ET4) had the greatest leaf mass allocation, with greater or canalized leaf number, and root length traits than others. Plants that emerged in late spring can maximize their growth potential, while those with either advanced or delayed emergence are still capable of adaptation via allocation and morphological plasticity. Early germinants (ET1 and ET2) preferred stem growth to leaf and reproductive growth, due to sufficient time for reproduction in the growth season. With limited time for growth, plants that emerged late may prefer to quicken leaf growth (indicated by increased leaf mass allocation and leaf number) at the cost of stem or root growth for the complete life cycle, reflecting both positive and negative effects of delayed emergence.
Impact of excitation energy on hot carrier properties in InGaAs multi‐quantum well structure
Authors: Esmaielpour Hamidreza , Lombez Laurent , Giteau Maxime , Guillemoles Jean‐François , Suchet Daniel
Published: June 2022

Hot carrier solar cells aim to overcome the theoretical limit of single‐junction photovoltaic devices by suppressing the thermalization of hot carriers and extracting them through energy selective contacts. Designing efficient hot carrier absorbers requires further investigation on hot carrier properties in materials. Although the thermalization of hot carriers is responsible for a large portion of energy loss in solar cells, it is still one of the least understood phenomena in semiconductors. Here, the impact of excitation energy on the properties of photo‐generated hot carriers in an InGaAs multi‐quantum well (MQW) structure at various lattice temperatures and excitation powers is studied. Photoluminescence (PL) emission of the sample is detected by a hyperspectral luminescence imager, which creates spectrally and spatially resolved PL maps. The thermodynamic properties of hot carriers, such as temperature and quasi‐Fermi‐level splitting, are carefully determined via applying full PL spectrum fitting, which solves the Fermi–Dirac integral and considers the band‐filling effect in the nanostructured material. In addition, the impact of thermalized power density and carrier scattering with longitudinal optical phonons on the spectral linewidth broadening under two excitation energies is studied.
Application of metal, metal‐oxide, and silicon‐oxide based intermediate reflective layers for current matching in autonomous high‐voltage multijunction photovoltaic devices
Authors: de Vrijer Thierry , Miedema Sander , Blackstone Thijs , van Nijen David , Han Can , Smets Arno H.M.
Published: June 2022

A logical next step for achieving a cost price reduction per Watt peak of photovoltaics (PV) is multijunction PV devices. In two‐terminal multijunction PV devices, the photo‐current generated in each subcell should be matched. Intermediate reflective layers (IRLs) are widely employed in multijunction devices to increase reflection at the interface between subcells to enhance current generation in the subcell(s) positioned before the IRL, in reference to the incident light. In this work, the results of over 65 multijunction devices are presented, in order to explore the effect of different current matching approaches. The influence of variations in absorber thickness as well as thickness variations of different IRLs based on silicon‐oxide, various transparent conductive oxides (TCO), and metallic layers on all‐silicon multijunction PV devices is studied. Specifically, hybrid, 2‐terminal, monolithically integrated silicon heterojunction (SHJ) and thin film nanocrystalline silicon (nc‐Si:H) and amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) tandem and triple junction devices are processed. Based on these experiments, certain design rules for optimal current matching operation in multijunction devices are formulated. Finally, taking these design rules into account, record all‐silicon multijunction devices are processed. Conversion efficiencies close 15% and
 V are demonstrated for triple junction SHJ/nc‐Si:H/a‐Si:H devices. Such conversion efficiencies for a wireless, high‐voltage wafer‐based all‐silicon 2‐terminal multijunction PV device opens the way for efficient autonomous solar‐to‐fuel synthesis systems as well as other wireless innovative approaches in which the multijunction solar cell is used not only as a photovoltaic current‐voltage generator, but also as an ion‐exchange membrane, electrochemical catalysts, and/or optical transmittance filter.
Identification of BAHD acyltransferases associated with acylinositol biosynthesis in Solanum quitoense (naranjilla)
Authors: Leong Bryan J. , Hurney Steven , Fiesel Paul , Anthony Thilani M. , Moghe Gaurav , Jones Arthur Daniel , Last Robert L.
Published: June 2022

Plants make a variety of specialized metabolites that can mediate interactions with animals, microbes, and competitor plants. Understanding how plants synthesize these compounds enables studies of their biological roles by manipulating their synthesis in vivo as well as producing them in vitro. Acylsugars are a group of protective metabolites that accumulate in the trichomes of many Solanaceae family plants. Acylinositol biosynthesis is of interest because it appears to be restricted to a subgroup of species within the Solanum genus. Previous work characterized a triacylinositol acetyltransferase involved in acylinositol biosynthesis in the Andean fruit plant Solanum quitoense (lulo or naranjilla). We characterized three additional S. quitoense trichome expressed enzymes and found that virus‐induced gene silencing of each caused changes in acylinositol accumulation. pH was shown to influence the stability and rearrangement of the product of ASAT1H and could potentially play a role in acylinositol biosynthesis. Surprisingly, the in vitro triacylinositol products of these enzymes are distinct from those that accumulate in planta. This suggests that additional enzymes are required in acylinositol biosynthesis. These characterized S. quitoense enzymes, nonetheless, provide opportunities to test the biological impact and properties of these triacylinositols in vitro.
Proteomics and glycoproteomics of beer and wine
Authors: Liu Shulei , Kerr Edward D. , Pegg Cassandra L. , Schulz Benjamin L.
Published: June 2022

Beer and wine are fermented beverages that contain abundant proteins released from barley or grapes, and secreted from yeast. These proteins are associated with many quality attributes including turbidity, foamability, effervescence, flavour and colour. Many grape proteins and secreted yeast proteins are glycosylated, and barley proteins can be glycated under the high temperatures in the beer making process. The emergence of high‐resolution mass spectrometry has allowed proteomic and glycoproteomic analyses of these complex mixtures of proteins towards understanding their role in determining beer and wine attributes. In this review, we summarise recent studies of proteomic and glycoproteomic analyses of beer and wine including their strategies for mass spectrometry (MS)‐based identification, quantification and characterisation of the glyco/proteomes of fermented beverages to control product quality.
Impact of regioregularity on the solubility parameters of poly(3‐hexylthiophene)
Authors: King McKenna , Gottlieb Danielle , Boucher David
Published: June 2022

The solubilities of four P3HT samples of varying regioregularity (rr = 58%, 86%, 93%, and 96%) are measured in 18 organic solvents, and the solubility data are used to calculate the partial solubility parameters (SPs) (δD,δP,δH) of the samples using the functional solubility parameter (FSP) approach. The FSP results show that theδPandδHparameters increase with increasing regioregularity. The results reveal that the anomalously largeδPandδHSPs regioregular P3HT previously reported in the literature are attributable to the microstructure (regioregularity) of the P3HT polymer, and that as that as the regioregularity of P3HT increases the polymer can engage in stronger associative interactions with the solvent. Complementary computational analyses of hexamer model systems using Gaussian16 and AIMll software, reveal variations in electronic characteristics and topological parameters consistent with the regioregular‐dependent increases inδPandδH.This research may aid in modifying the fundamental and/or practical framework of SP theory to account for the effects of polymer microstructure and polymorphism.
Demethylzeylasteral reduces the level of proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy: Screening of network pharmacology and verification by animal experiment
Authors: Xu Lengnan , Zhao Ban , Yang Liping , Dong Xinyi , Yang Xue , Mao Yonghui
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to use network pharmacology to detail the natural components isolated from Triptergium wilfordii Hook F (TwHF) and examine the effect of the main component (demethylzeylasteral, DEM) on rat models of diabetic nephropathy (DN). In this study, we used network pharmacology to detail the natural components isolated from TwHF, referenced a gene library when screening for components effective in the management of DN, and DEM was confirmed in DN rats. All data were analyzed using the Discovery Studio 4.5 System and the systems Dock online docking method platform. All 24 rats were divided into 4 groups: control, DN, TwHF, and DEM. Blood and urine samples were tested at 0, 8, and 12 weeks. Renal histopathological changes were scored. Network pharmacology indicated that 370 compounds and 46 small molecules (including DEM) were biologically active constituents of TwHF, mainly affecting the inflammatory response through PI3K‐Akt and Jak–STAT pathways. Proteinuria in the TwHF and DEM groups was significantly lower than in the DN group (p ≤ .001), and the decrease in proteinuria in the DEM group was more obvious than in the TwHF group (p = .004). The tubular interstitial scores were better in the DEM group than in the TwHF and DN groups. These results indicate that DEM effectively reduced proteinuria and alleviated the tubular interstitial changes in rat models of DN, which may be provide a scientific foundation for the development of novel drugs for treatment of DN.