bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the issue of the artistic integrity of Sergey Gorodetsky's cycle “Prison Songsˮ
Authors: Alekseeva Anastasia A.
Published: October 2021

This article is devoted to the characterisation of the main signs of integration, observed in “Prison Songsˮ by Sergey Gorodetsky, the presence of which testifies to the cyclical structure of the work. The work provides a detailed analysis of the core themes of the cycle, central motifs and images. The author points out that the leading role in the formation of the principle of textual construction of artistic unity is played by antithesis, through the use of which the development of the position of the lyrical hero is most clearly traced, which becomes identical with the position of the author himself. The article concludes that the poems that make up the structure of “Prison Songsˮ do reveal common artistic bonds that support the cyclical nature of the work, as well as maintain strong artistic ties with the entire structure of the collection “Unbound Freedomˮ. These include both a common title, a single lyrical hero, close to the very figure of the author, common motifs and images, and genre characteristics of individual poems of the cycle. In addition, conceptual meanings for understanding the work as a whole are born at their junctions rather than within individual poems, which makes it possible to get closer to comprehending the author's picture of the world, embodied by the poet in the text of the cycle.
The system of points of view in Vasily Shukshin's short stories
Authors: Guz Natalia A. , Babicheva Yulia G.
Published: October 2021

The purpose of the work is to explore the point of view in Vasily Shukshin's short stories in its systematic and diverse manifestation. Topicality is provided by the exceptional significance of this category in narratology. The study of the point of view based on the material of short stories by Vasily Shukshin has been conducted for the first time. The article briefly traces the history of scientific understanding of the category of point of view in foreign and Russian philology and notes the variety of approaches and definitions in the formulation of the concept. The authors use the classification of Boris Uspenskij for analysis and consider the point of view in Vasily Shukshin's short stories in psychological, ideological (evaluative), spatial-temporal and phraseological terms. The positions of Boris Korman, Yuri Lotman, Wolf Schmid and Franz Karl Stanzel also take into account. The authors note the features of Vasily Shukshin's narration that affect the expression of the point of view in the text. Vasily Shukshin's short stories are characterised by a dynamic and frequent change of points of view, which indicates the technique of “montageˮ and similarities in this regard with cinematic techniques. The conclusions generalise the variety of ways and forms of expression of the point of view in the studied artistic material. The point of view in the considered stories is characterised by variability in the correlation of subjects of speech and subjects of consciousness, alternation of external and internal points of view, mutual transitions from one to the other, text interference and other hybrid phenomena.
“Georeferencing” and Howard Phillips Lovecraft’s narrative strategy (on the material of “The Case of Charles Dexter Ward”)
Authors: Vasileva Elmira V.
Published: October 2021

The article approaches the narrative strategy employed by a famous American horror-writer Howard Phillips Lovecraft in his only novel “The Case of Charles Dexter Ward” (1927) and introduces new terms – “georeferencing” and “georeference.” By the latter we mean a toponymical allusion, i. e. an implicit reference to the precedential text incorporated in a toponym (e. g. the author mentions Transylvania to make a georeference to Bram Stoker’s “Dracula”). Lovecraft employs georeferencing and other forms of literary allusions to medieval legends, as well as to famous gothic novels written by his predecessors Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, Robert Louis Stevenson, Gustav Meyrink, Bram Stoker, etc. to create a meaningful context for his own novel. His goal is to create a common hypertextual universe, which can and will be productively navigated by a prepared reader. This strategy makes it possible for the reader to uncover hidden logics behind the fragmentary discourse and even foresee the outcome of the central battle between the principal characters. Lovecraft’s sophisticated intention and expert plot-structuring allows us to view “The Case of Charles Dexter Ward” as a daring Modernist writing of the period, as well as to reassess Lovecraft’s reputation and cultural impact on the US literature of his time.
The fate of African mask in the works of French-speaking writers in West and Central Africa
Authors: Lyakhovskaya Nina D.
Published: October 2021

The article examines the attitude of contemporary African writers to the traditional zoomorphic and anthropomorphic masks. In the 1960s–70s, for the supporters of the theory of negritude, the sacred mask embodied the spirit of ancestors and an inextricable connection with tradition. In a transitional era (the 1990s – the early 21st century), the process of desacralisation of the mask has been observed and such works appear in which the idea of the death of tradition is carried out. The article consistently examines the history of the emergence and strengthening of interest in the image of the African mask as the most striking symbol of African traditions on the part of cultural, art and scientific workers and the reflection of this symbol in the works of representatives of Francophone literature in West and Central Africa in different periods of time. The article concludes about the transformation of the views of the studied writers on the future of African traditions from an enthusiastic and romantic (as, for example, in the lyrics of Léopold Sédar Senghor or Samuel-Martin Eno Belinga) attitude to the images of the African past and tradition – masks, ancestor cult – to despair and bitterness from the awareness of the desacralisation of traditional objects and images and the profanation of tradition under the pressure of the realities of the present day (drama by Koffi Kwahulé). The attitude of African writers to the image of the mask, which is directly related to the themes of preserving traditions and the search of their identity by African literary heroes, is gradually changing, demonstrating the pessimistic view of Francophone African writers on the future of African traditions.
The socio-economic situation of the landowner peasants after the peasant reform in Georgia (the last quarter of the 19th - the early 20th century)
Authors: Ismailova Almas Musa Kizi
Published: October 2021

The article analyses the main provisions of the peasant reform in Georgia, which had a further impact on the socio-economic development of the landowner peasants of Tiflis and Kutaisi provinces in the last quarter of the 19th – the early 20th centuries. On the basis of archival sources and literature, the author considers the reasons for the difficult economic situation of the Georgian landowners in the period under study. An analysis makes it possible to conclude that the socio-economic relations that had been formed in Georgia determined the contradictions inherent in the capitalist mode of management. On the one hand, the peasant reform contributed to the more rapid development of the capitalist mode of production in the countryside, laying the foundation for economic development in agriculture, the introduction of commercial agriculture, the growth of agricultural productivity, and the maturation of commodity-capitalist relations. On the other hand, the main means of production were in the hands of the landlords, which led to an even greater extensive impoverishment of the landlord peasants. Thus, in Georgia, the remnants of serfdom survived even longer than in the European provinces of the Russian Empire. It is concluded that the reason for these remnants included the backwardness and relatively weak development of capitalist relations in the South Caucasus, in particular, in Georgia.
Ideological and artistic concept of “The Tale of the Destruction of Riazan”
Authors: Pervushin Mikhail V.
Published: October 2021

The article reveals the ideological and substantive concept of one of the most striking monuments of Old Rus’ (medieval) writing “The Tale of the Destruction of Riazan”. This old Rus’ tale has often become the subject of study of literary scholars and historians. At the same time, it was extremely popular among the Old Rus’ scribes. More than a hundred copies of this “Tale” have survived. The article draws attention to previous research. Some conclusions are described and unresolved questions are raised. Then the content of the “Tale” itself is gradually and consistently examined. The generalisation of the epic image of the feast battle is made. Its existence is proved not only in the indicated formula of the “death cup”, but as the idea of the whole work. It was this image that ultimately influenced its structure, subordinated the ideological and artistic conception of the author. Thus, “The Tale of the Destruction of Riazan” is a thoughtful heroic story about the past. It contains a holistic picture of the life of the people and presents in harmonious unity the original artistic concept – the description of the battle as a feast. At the same time, the entire “Tale” being analysed, according to the evidence presented in the article, turns into Praise, and not just its last panegyric part. The main meaning of the whole work transforms the story of the death of Riazan into a description of the glory and greatness of the entire Riazan land. The author of the “Tale” surrounds the Riazan princely family with an aura of holiness. He glorifies them, triumphing on the last sweet-voiced chords of the whole story, full of “inner pathos”.
Application of New Media in Enterprise Marketing: Taking Cosmetics Enterprises as an Example
Authors: Wang Siqi , Geng Yuqing
Published: October 2021

With the steady development of information technology, new media plays a key role in enterprise marketing. It has very high coverage, can effectively spread the information of the enterprise, and help build enterprise culture. While promoting the innovation and development of enterprises, precision marketing realized at a lower cost, which helps to achieve the interaction between enterprises and consumers, plays a critical role in promoting the diversification of the consumer market and promoting the economic development of enterprises.
Analisa Gangguan Hubung Singkat Satu Fasa ke Tanah pada Jaringan Distribusi 20 KV PT. PLN (PERSERO) Sebatik menggunakan Software ETAP Power Station 12.6.0
Authors: Samin Tomi
Published: October 2021

Sistem distribusi tegangan menengah 20 kV merupakan alat tanam bagi konsumen. Namun pada kenyataannya sistem distribusi sering mengalami gangguan antara yang paling umum adalah hubung singkat satu fase ke ground. Oleh karena itu, analisis hubungan arus pendek diperlukan untuk mengetahui pengaturan sistem proteksi yang andal untuk melokalisasi gangguan tersebut. Sistem proteksi peralatan yang digunakan untuk sistem distribusi tenaga medium lebih banyak relay arus dan relay circuit ground, fungsi relay PMT diinstruksikan untuk membuka acara gangguan, sehingga jaringan yang terkena dapat dipisahkan dari jaringan. Pada tugas akhir ini akan dibahas tentang analisis hubung singkat fase tunggal ke ground yang kemudian digunakan untuk penentuan setting proteksi proteksi pada sistem distribusi tenaga sekunder PT.PLN Sebatik.
AUDIT ENERGI AWAL MELALUI PERHITUNGAN INTENSITAS KONSUMSI ENERGI (IKE) LISTRIK (STUDI KASUS PADA GEDUNG POLITEKNIK MUARA TEWEH)
Authors: Teruna Juli Chandra
Published: October 2021

Abstract-An audit of electricity is evaluation of the utilization of energy and identification savings opportunities electricity energy as well as recommendations an incrase in the efficiency  on  users of energy source and users energy in order to conservation energy. Energy audit review of the condition and operation of equipment that uses electricity energy as well as instruments related to energy efficiency. Based on the result of research, the effective extensive  Politektik  Muara  Teweh  building  is  615m2  with an average energy consumption is  2598 kWh  each  month  while the consumption of electricity energy index amounted to 4,224 kWh/m2 each  month  or  by  50,698 kWh/m2  each  year  with  energy  of  bulding  cost  amounted  to Rp. 902,47/kWh. Consumption of electricity energy of Politeknik Muara Teweh including very efficient criteria. This audit energy is expected to be identify opportunities for savings electricity energy consumption through energy audit detailed.Intisari-Audit energi listrik adalah proses evaluasi pemanfaatan energi dan identifikasi peluang pengehematan energi listrik serta rekomendasi peningkatan efisiensi pada pengguna sumber energi dan pengguna energi dalam rangka konservasi energi. Audit Energi Awal (AEA) secara singkat mengulas kondisi dan operasi  peralatan  dari  pemakai  energi  listrik  yang  penting  serta instrumentasi yang berkaitan dengan efisiensi energi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian  ini, luas  bangunan  efektif  gedung  Politeknik Muara  Teweh  adalah 615 m2 dengan konsumsi energi listrik rata-rata setiap bulan sebesar 2598 kWh sedangan Indek Konsumsi Energi (IKE) listrik sebesar 4,224 kWh/m2 setiap bulan atau sebesar 50,698 kWh/m2 setiap tahun dengan biaya energi bangunan sebesar Rp. 902,47/kWh sehingga konsumsi energi listrik pada gedung Politeknik Muara Teweh termasuk kriteria sangat efisien. Audit energi awal diharapkan dapat mengidentifikasi peluang penghematan konsumsi energi listrik melalui audit energi terinci.
PENERAPAN MODIFIKASI VIGENERE CIPHER PADA LEAST SIGNIFICANT BIT STEGANOGRAPHY MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN MIDPOINT CYRCLE
Authors: Gultom Lipantri Mashur , Supria Supria , Nasir Muhamad , Sarimuddin Sarimuddin
Published: October 2021

Dalam perkembangan teknologi informasi yang semakin berkembang seiring dengan berjalannya waktu. Dengan teknologi informasi yang ada telah banyak digunakan orang untuk saling bertukar informasi, baik informasi yang bersifat rahasia dan informasi yang tidak bersifat rahasia. Informasi tersebut memerlukan keamanan yang kuat, khususnya keamanan dalam pengiriman informasi, karena banyak para hacker yang selalu ingin mengetahui rahasia pada informasi yang dikirim. Vigenere cipher salah satu dari metode cryptography yang merupakan metode enkripsi pesan dari plain text menjadi cipher text dengan menggunakan key yang bertujuan agar pesan tidak bisa dibaca oleh pihak yang tidak berwenang. Vigenere cipher memiliki kelemahan terhadap cryptanalysis, salah satunya adalah metode kasiski. Least Significant Bit (LSB) adalah sebuah metode yang digunakan untuk menyisipkan pesan pada bit rendah atau bit yang paling kanan, namun metode rentan terhadap steganalysis. Pada makalah ini, peneliti menggunakan proses modifikasi pada criptography untuk mengenkripsi pesan dengan menggunakan kunci (key) kemudian pesan yang dienkripsi disisipkan pada file multimedia dengan metode least significant bit steganography. Sehingga metode yang diusulkan ini akan lebih meningkatkan keamanan pesan, mengurangi kerentanan terhadap cryptanalysis dan steganalysis. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pesan yang disembunyikan tidak akan bisa dideskripsi maupun dengan steganalysis, karena dengan modifikasi pada vigenere cipher yang menggunakan kunci pribadi hanya dapat dideskripsi dengan kunci pribadi yang sama.
LIMA DECLARATION - THE BASIS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF STATE FINANCIAL CONTROL AND AUDIT OF COUNTRIES WITH MARKET ECONOMIES
Authors: Imangazieva O. U.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to some problems of organizing state financial control of the budgetary process of countries with market economies on the basis of the principles of the Lima Declaration. The Kyrgyz Republic, having adopted the main provisions of the Declaration, is building a system of financial control taking into account its requirements based on the state of economic and social development, the formation of market relations. As a result of the organizational and economic measures taken, the republic has adopted a regulatory and legal framework for the functioning of the institution of state financial control, as well as authorized bodies carrying out such activities.The Accounts Chamber has been established to exercise control over the use of budgetary and extrabudgetary state resources and ensure their efficiency.
ON ORGANIZATION OF PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION IN SMALL CITIES OF KYRGYZSTAN (on the example of Tash-Kumyr)
Authors: Shaydullaev R.B. , Abdimatov U.I. , Mamatkadyrova B.M.
Published: October 2021

The subject of the research is the peculiarities of the organization of passenger transportation in small towns of Kyrgyzstan, since timely transport links between nearby settlements are of particular importance in settlements, as is the case in the city of Tash-Kumyr. The problems of the development of cities involved in the mining industry in America and Europe are considered, in these countries during the crisis there were also collapses. But in these countries, with the improvement of the country's economy, they left the stage of collapse, therefore, one of the ways out of the collapse of the city of Tash-Kumyr, we proposed to organize a tourist base.
The main stages of the development of the city of Tash-Kumyr in the post-Soviet period and the ways of solving problems in organizing a new route of movement between the settlement of Kyzyl-Alma and the city have been studied, and chronometers of the movement of the direct route of the city of Tash-Kumyr have been made. In addition, the speed of movement, the consumption of fuels and lubricants (POL) and the economic effect of the newly opened route of public transport in comparison with the private transportation of passengers have been determined.
The purpose of this work is to organize passenger transportation in small towns by the example in the city of Tash-Kumyr when changing the route of movement of vehicles within the city and creating favorable conditions for opening a tourist base.
The city of Tash-Kumyr was formed in the process of opening, this settlement of a coal mine, in this regard, a city with all amenities appeared in a small place. With the opening of a coal mine, jobs were organized for engineers and technicians, miners, builders and other professions. Such a process of organizing work took place during the development of the former Soviet Union, but with the collapse of the Union, all ties with other republics of the former Union were destroyed.
The article examines the existing routes in the city of Tash-Kumyr: direct and circular bus routes. The proposed route of movement facilitates transport links with. Kyzyl-Alma with the small town of Tash-Kumyr, and the population of the village has an opportunity to get relief during the trip to the city.
Breve análisis cuantitativo de la emigración gallega a Venezuela
Authors: Campos Álvarez Xosé Ramón
Published: October 2021

En la década de 1950 Venezuela se convirtió por vez primera en un país receptor de emigración masiva procedente de Europa -Italia, España y Portugal, sobre todo-, desplazando a Argentina entre 1954 y 1959 del primer lugar de países americanos destinatarios de emigración española y consecuentemente gallega. En el presente trabajo, se pretende exponer y analizar los datos obtenidos a través de diferentes fuentes sobre la importancia de la presencia gallega en el contexto de la emigración española a Venezuela, el origen por provincias de los emigrantes, el sexo, la edad y algunas pinceladas sobre el retorno a la comunidad de origen.
Macroeconomic Effects of Initial Public Offer and Performance Equity Prices of Firms Listed in Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya
Authors: Wachira Moses Muchemi , Ng’ang’a Peter
Published: October 2021

Market reacts differently to various factors ranging from economic political, and socio-cultural. The stock prices of quoted companies in Kenya are affected either positivity or negatively by a number of factors occurring within or without the economic system. Initial public offering is often issued by smaller, younger companies seeking the capital to expand, but can also be done by large privately owned companies looking to become publicly traded. The initial public offering is a vital step for young entrepreneurial firms, providing them access to the public equity market for the first time. Previous literature had focused primarily on initial public offering under-pricing phenomenon to measure the performance of companies. However, researchers argued that initial public offering pricing, which was a key factor in under-pricing had remained relatively unexplored in literature. The study employed descriptive research design. The study targeted a total population of 7 quoted companies in Nairobi security market, which had issued IPO from 2006-2020. The study depended on secondary data collected from the Nairobi Securities Exchange. Data was analysed by the use of SPSS. From the panel regression analysis, the interclass correlation (rho) was 0.310 implying that 31% of the variations in equity share prices are due to differences among the quoted firms. The within and between R-square was 0.0154 and 0.9967 respectively. The overall R2 was 0.9885, indicating that the variables considered in the model account for about 98.85% percent change in the dependent variables, while the remaining percent change may be as a result of other variables not addressed by this model. Dividend per share improved significantly after the IPO. Dividend per share was also established to improved significantly after the IPO. The study concludes that dividend per share, market capitalization and market liquidity improved in the post going public period. This is due to the proceeds received by companies from the sale of their shares to the public. In addition, the study concludes that firms benefit by going public despite potentially higher agency problems, at least for the first few years after the IPO. Becoming publicly traded provides financial capital to firms that helps them commercialize their products.
STATE AND PROSPECTS OF ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN THE REGIONS WHICH HAVE SENSED THE NEGATIVE IMPACT OF THE ARMED CONFLICT IN THE EASTERN UKRAINE
Authors:   National Transport University (NTU), Kyiv, Ukraine, Zagornyak Oleg , Ivanchenko Vitaliy ,   M.P. Shulgin State Road Research Institute State Enterprise - DerzhdorNDI SE, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: October 2021

Introduction. The development of transport infrastructure plays a key role in the implementation of the state strategy to stimulate the economic development of the eastern regions of Ukraine. Among other things, the most important component is the network of state roads. Some of the roads damaged by the armed conflict in eastern Ukraine remain in poor condition. Problems. The armed conflict in eastern Ukraine in Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts has damaged and destroyed road infrastructure. This in turn has complicated and made road transport more expensive. As a result of the movement of large and heavy military equipment, most often moving in columns, on highways of state and local importance there are potholes, subsidence, destruction of the edges of the pavement, ruts. To improve the situation and bring performance to the relevant standards, a number of State target programs and projects were introduced. But some roads still remain destroyed and need funding for repairs and reconstruction. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to highlight the state and prospects of road infrastructure development in the regions that have been negatively affected by the armed conflict in eastern Ukraine. Materials and methods. During the writing of the article, dialectical methods of scientific knowledge were used to form a list of highways of state importance in the eastern regions of Ukraine, primarily analysis and synthesis. Empirical methods of cognition, such as description, measurement and comparison, are also used. Results. The paper highlights and characterizes the state of road infrastructure in the regions affected by the armed conflict in eastern Ukraine and reveals the prospects for its development. Conclusions. The need to finance the repair and restoration of roads that have not been included in the list of already approved and funded programs, and the formation of clear strategic directions may be provided by the Program of measures for restoration and development of public roads in Donetsk and Luhansk regions. Armed conflict in eastern Ukraine, taking into account the priorities of restoring and building peace, realizing the industrial potential of the eastern regions of Ukraine and the principles of development of the entire network of public roads of state importance of Ukraine. Critical for the implementation of this plan is the adoption by the government of a program for the restoration and development of public roads of state importance in the regions that have been negatively affected by the armed conflict in eastern Ukraine.
THE METHODS OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF POSITIONING OF METALLIC DOWEL BARS IN JOINTS OF RIGID PAVEMENTS
Authors:   M.P. Shulgin State Road Research Institute State Enterprise, Kyiv, Ukraina, Tereshchenko Tetyana
Published: October 2021

Introduction. In the world-wide practice on construction of rigid road pavements significant attention has been given to jointed plain concrete pavements (JPCP) with transverse joints strengthened by dowel bars. Performance of JPCP is sufficiently affected by right alignment and location of dowel bars thereby the methods of non-destructive testing of dowel bar positioning have been gain in great importance. This paper represents analytical review of methods of non-destructive testing of dowel bar alignment and location emphasizing an attention on standard method using magnetic pulse induction which is applicable to testing of metallic bar position in concrete pavements. General Part. In the general part of this paper, several main aspects of reviewed test method were analyzed: the classification of dowel bars misalignment and their impact on pavement performance; the comparison of implemented methods of non-destructive testing of dowel bar positioning; possibilities of method of magnetic impulse induction and an approach to analytical evaluation of transverse joints dowel bar misalignment using magnetic image tomography; the usage of results of testing of transverse joints dowel bar position to eliminate dowel bars misalignment; examples of predictive estimation of results of testing of transverse joints dowel bar position and their impact on performance of JPCP. The reviewed method of testing and test results estimation concerns practice on application of two levels of performance (e.g. acceptable level and rejectable level) to evaluate the performance of each individual dowel bar or each doweled transverse joint and also a section of rigid road pavement with several consecutive transverse joints with restricted performance. Conclusions. 1. World-wide implemented standard method of non-destructive testing of dowel bar alignment and location allows to detect and to eliminate dowel bars misalignment thus ensuring required load transfer efficiency and international roughness index of rigid road pavements. The estimation of road pavement sections with several consecutive joints considering each joint performance allows to ensure the designed service life of road pavement. 2. Standard method of non-destructive testing of dowel bar alignment and location for transverse joints of rigid road pavement using magnetic pulse induction developed by American Society for Testing and Materials assures high precision of measurement of metallic bar position in doweled bar of concrete pavement joints and enables to detect five types of dowel bar misalignment. 3. In connection with the intensification of issues on construction of rigid road pavements in Ukraine as well as the high importance of the considering test method, an important task should be the development and implementation of an appropriate national standard.
ANALYSIS OF TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS AND TEST METHODS FOR ROAD MARKING MATERIALS ACCORDING TO UKRAINIAN AND EUROPEAN STANDARDS
Authors:   M.P. Shulgin State Road Research Institute State Enterprise - DerzhdorNDI SE, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kostrulova Tetyana , Gostev Yuriy ,   M.P. Shulgin State Road Research Institute State Enterprise - DerzhdorNDI SE, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: October 2021

Introduction. The current stage of the road sector development is characterized by the increased demand in the road marking. For the arrangement of road marking, various materials are used: paint, retroreflective glass beads, plastics of cold and hot application, polymer strips, prefabricated items, etc. Each material has its own set of unique characteristics related to durability, retroreflectivity, cost of application and life cycle. Problem statement. Due to the expansion of the production range of road marking materials, their choice becomes a difficult task and it should be carried out while taking into account the following requirements: normative distances of visibility must be ensured in all weather conditions 24 hours a day; long-term preservation (resistance to environmental impacts); road marking must not interfere with the vehicles movement, it should foster gliding. In order to properly select the road marking materials, the road traffic level and the predicted operation life cycle should be taken into account. For optimal selection, it is primarily necessary to review the quality characteristics of the materials through the testing of their physical, mechanical, technological and functional characteristics. Commonly, the roads owners require the quality requirements for the materials in accordance with the European standards. Objective. To compare technical requirements and methods of testing materials for road marking in accordance with the European standards. Materials and methods. Analysis of current Ukrainian and European standards for technical requirements and methods of testing the road marking materials. Results. Technical requirements for road marking materials and methods of their testing which are lacking in the Ukrainian standards are considered. A list of equipment for the required tests according to the European standards is given. Conclusions. Basing on the analysis results, it can be noted that in order to ensure the compliance of the Ukrainian laboratories abilities to check the quality of technical characteristics of materials according to the European standards, the new equipment should be provided (Tregers device, Stormer videometer, X-ray fluorescence analyzer, wear test bench and others) as well as mastering the new testing methods. Due to the high cost of the devices and equipment (for example, of the wear test bench), it is necessary to build the test sites on the roads or establish contacts with the European laboratories on the possibility of transferring the samples of materials to them for testing.
MOLECULAR STUDY AND PHYLOGENY OF Babesia spp. IN NATIVE SHEEP FROM SULAIMANI GOVENORATE/ NORTHERN IRAQ
Authors: Abdullah Sh. H. , Ali Sh. A.
Published: October 2021

This study was conducted to investigate Babesia parasites infecting sheep in eight districts of Sulaimani governorate/north Iraq from April to October 2017. Forty flocks of small ruminants were selected to collect blood samples randomly from 450 sheep. The samples were examined for babesiosis by microscopic examination and PCR. Primers based on the 18S rRNA were used for Babesia diagnosis, followed by sequencing of the amplicons for confirmation of the PCR product identities. Seventy-four samples (16.44%) showed the presence of Babesia piroplasms microscopically, while 116 (25.78%) samples were positive using PCR. Results showed that B. ovis was reported in 15.78% (n = 71), and B. motasi in 10.0% (n = 45) of the samples. Also, BLAST analysis of the obtained partial sequences of the 18S rRNA gene from current study isolates revealed the existence of both B. ovis and B. motasi, with a high homology degree of nucleotide identity with other nucleotide sequences of Babesia spp. in GenBank database. Distribution of babesiosis, according to the sampling time, revealed that high-frequency rates occur during July and August. Based on the result data, babesiosis was mainly caused by B. ovis and B. motasi.
EFFECT OF SUBCUTANEOUS ZERANOL IMPLANTS ON MEAT QUALITY OF AWASSI LAMBS AND CROSS-BRED KHALKHALI AND ABADEH GOAT KIDS
Authors: Al-doski S. H. , Kak H. F. , Khurshid J. S. , Vriesekoop F.
Published: October 2021

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects zeranol implant on meat quality of Awassi lambs and cross-bred Khalkhali and Abadeh goat kids. Ten ram lambs (33.7 ± 0.5 kg and 4-month-old) and ten male goat kids (18.8 ± 0.7 kg and 4-month-old) were randomly assigned into two treatments (5 each treatment); C (control, 0 mg zeranol) and Z (24 mg zeranol implant) for each species. After 43 days experimental period. The animals were slaughtered, left for 24 hr post-mortem period and Biceps femoris muscle of each species were separated for measuring the proximal composition, TBARS values, cooking loss, drip loss and free fatty acids concentrations. Zeranol implants had significant (P<0.05) effect on dry matter, but did not have any effect on all other meat characteristics. However, dry mater was significantly higher for zeranol-implanted group as compared with control one. Moreover, significant effect of animal species was found for cooking loss, being highest in goat meat than ram lamb meat. Similarly, significant effect of animal species was noticed on TBARS values being highest in ram lamb meat. An obvious increase (P<0.005) in drip loss and TBARS values were observed for meat of both zeranol-implanted and non-implanted groups with storage period. It can be concluded that zeranol implant did not have any effect on meat quality for both ram lambs and male goat kids’ meat.
DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METALS CONCENTRATION OF LOCAL AND IMPORTED WHEAT GRAINS STORAGE AND WHEAT FLOUR IN SOME SILOS of BAGHDAD CITY
Authors: Mahdi R. S. , Omran F. K.
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study was to estimate the levels of some toxic heavy metals such as (Cd, Pb,Cr,Ni,Zn,Cu,Fe,Co,As)by using the X-Ray fluorescence .in a total of forty-one samples of wheat grains which were (local, American, Australian, Canadian and mixing mills) samples collected randomly and seasonally from three silos in Baghdad ,also wheat flour collected from mills related to the manufactured of grains of each silo. The results showed that the levels of (Cadmium, Lead and Chromium) were surpassed the permissible safe limits according to FAO/WHO (2001).It was found that the highest concentration of cadmium detected in wheat flour in AL Dora silo for summer and spring seasons were 12.6mg/kg, as well as the high level of lead 1.021mg/kg detected in AL Dora silo in local wheat for winter and summer seasons and wheat flour for spring season, also in Australian wheat for spring season in Taji silo. Finally, the high value of chromium content was in wheat flour in Taji silo for spring season (4.686) mg/kg. Generally, analysis of these data shows significant effects (P≤0.05) of most samples analyzed for Cd >Pb >Fe >Zn >Cu >Ni >Cr >Co while AS show no significant difference in all samples.
GREATER ZAB RIVER BASIN PLANNING (2050)
Authors: Sharef A. J. , Dara R. N.
Published: October 2021

This research was aimed to study the management of water resources within international basins, among which is the study of water authorities within the Greater Zab River Basin (GZRB) in the Kurdistan region - Iraq, where it is an international river shared by Iraq and Turkey, and aims to develop the river basin management and international cooperation between the authorities Shared water within the basin, as well as identifying factors that affect implementation, the principles, and joint projects. On the other hand, the interactions of water users competing for water inside the river basin were identified. For this reason, the Water Evaluation Analysis Planning (WEAP) model was applied to the basin to determine the optimal GZR planning system and plan optimum operating policy. The main issue with this planning is how the system meets future water needs. For this reason, optimal monthly water distribution policies have been simulated using the WEAP model using the past 33 years' debt, and the revaluated GZRB performance. An ideal simulation scheme has been developed and implemented for different scenarios such as domestic needs, irrigation water, and ecological water. This study compared to the official figures in the planning work that took place in the eighties. As a result of these comparisons, the average annual water supply was 368.1 million cubic meters in August 2032. Accordingly, it was proposed that the construction of the Bekhme Dam was completed because it understood that the water requirements could not be met in the current conditions.
EFFECT OF SEEDS SOAKING AND VEGETATIVE PARTS NUTRITION WITH ACIDS OF ASCORBIC, CITRIC AND HUMIC ON MAIZE GROWTH
Authors: Kadhim J. J. , Hamza J. H.
Published: October 2021

A field experiment was carried out during two spring seasons in 2019 and 2020. This study was aimed to increase dry matter weight and crop growth rate of maize. First factor in main plots was nutrition vegetative parts with ascorbic and citric (100 mg l-1) for both of them and humic (1 ml l-1), in addition to the control treatment (spraying of vegetative parts with distilled water only). Second factor in sub-plots was seeds soaking with same acids above, as well as the control treatment (soaking the seeds with distilled water only). Randomize complete block design in split plot arrangement was used with three replications. The results showed a significant superiority of seeds soaking in humic acid for traits of number of days from planting to 75% anthesis  and silking (66.4 and 66.3 day) and (72.3 and 72.3 day), plant height (194.0 and 230.8 cm), leaves area plant-1 (6969.5 and 6570.2 cm2), leaf area index (3.71 and 3.50), dry matter weight (11.6 and 12.2 ton ha-1), crop growth rate (3.0 and 3.2 g cm-2 day-1) and chlorophyll leaf content (60.2 and 69.5 SPAD) for both seasons, respectively. Effect of vegetative parts nutrition and interaction effect of both studied factors was non-significant for most traits. It can be concluded that seeds soaking in humic acid improved growth traits. It can be recommended to soak seeds of maize before planting in humic acid at concentration of 1 ml l-1.
COMPARISON OF THE RESPONSIBILITY TO EXTRACT AND PURIFY β -GLUCAN OF SOME CEREAL GRAINS FOR SPECIFIC METHOD
Authors: Karim H. S. , Zainulabidden M. W. , Sabir D. A.
Published: October 2021

The current study prioritized certain popular local cereal species like Wheat, Oat, Rye and two local Barley varieties known as Aksad and Amal to extract their β- glucan using alchemical methods. The results of this study indicated that rye contained the lower percentage of β-glucans (0.756%) whereas, both types of barley Aksad and Amal contained highest amount (9.489%) and (7.395%) respectively. However, the results showed that the crude extracted of   β- glucans from wheat, oat, rye, barley (Aksad) and barley (Amal) were 0.373,1.409, 0.26, 2.287 and 1.855 g/100g flour respectively which was reflected the efficiency of extraction process which ranged between 8.83 ± 0.01for wheat to 34.39 ± 0.02 for rye, the precipitating by ammonium sulfate were useful for purifying of oat and barley β- glucan which their purity increased to about 10- 15% to reach their purity to 84.88 for barley (Amal) to 95.18% for oat. All the bands of Ft-IR Spectra showed to take place absorbance at these regions by β- glucan are present in the all scanned studied samples with some differences in their areas and absorbance. A robust and sharp peak at 1304.37 cm-1 appeared only with the control sample while it is absent in the studied β-glucan.  Results of HPLC illustrated that all purified cereal β- glucan appeared only one peak at the same Retention time RT of standard oat β- glucan which ranged between 17.429 to 17.453 min.
Deep Emotion Recognition using Facial, Speech and Textual Cues: A Survey
Authors: Zhang Tao , Tan Zhenhua
Published: October 2021

With the development of social media and human-computer interaction, it
is essential to serve people by perceiving people’s emotional state in
videos. In recent years, a large number of studies tackle the issue of
emotion recognition based on three most common modalities in videos,
that is, face, speech and text. The focus of this paper is to sort out
the relevant studies of emotion recognition using facial, speech and
textual cues based on deep learning techniques due to the lack of review
papers concentrating on the three modalities. In this paper, we firstly
introduce widely accepted emotion models for the purpose of interpreting
the definition of emotion. Then we introduce the state-of-the-art for
emotion recognition based on unimodality including facial expression
recognition, speech emotion recognition and textual emotion recognition.
For multimodal emotion recognition, we summarize the feature-level and
decision-level fusion methods in detail. In addition, the description of
relevant benchmark datasets, the definition of metrics and the
performance of the state-of-the-art in recent years are also outlined
for the convenience of readers to find out the current research
progress. Ultimately, we explore some potential research challenges and
opportunities to give researchers reference for the enrichment of
emotion recognition-related researches.
Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) and the Economy-Dynamics of Microgrids: Review, Analysis, and Classification for Standardization of BESSs Applications
Authors: Eskandari Mohsen , Rajabi Amin , Savkin Andrey , Moradi Mohammad H. , Dong Zhao Yang
Published: October 2021

The literature on microgrid (MG) studies can be categorized as those that investigated the dynamics or economics of MG systems. Due to the important roles of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) in MGs, the BESSs have been involved in both economics and dynamics studies but mostly separately due to the different time constants of studies. Whereas, in the complicated modern MGs, the BESS is the joint point that bridges these two studies. Thus, studying merely one aspect of economy-dynamic without considering the other aspect would not be accurate. To bridge this gap, this paper reviews, analysis and classifies the BESSs applications, based on their time constants, by merging of which helps researchers to develop joint economy-dynamics models that would be the future trend in the field. The classified BESS applications are 1) inertia synthesis, 2) primary frequency response to compensate slow response time of micro-sources (MSs) for load tracking, 3) real-time energy management for the integration of intermittent renewables, 4) economic dispatch and optimal power flow for improving steady-state performance, and 5) slack bus realization. The research gaps and future trends have been discussed throughout the paper and are summarized in the future trend section.
Blockchain for Deep Learning: Review and Open Challenges
Authors: Shafay Muhammad , Ahmad Raja Wasim , Salah Khaled , Yaqoob Ibrar , Jayaraman Raja , Omar Mohammed
Published: October 2021

Deep learning has gained huge traction in recent years because of its potential to make informed decisions. A large portion of today's deep learning systems are based on centralized servers and fall short in providing operational transparency, traceability, reliability, security, and trusted data provenance features. Also, training deep learning models by utilizing centralized data is vulnerable to the single point of failure problem. In this paper, we explore the importance of integrating blockchain technology with deep learning. We review the existing literature focused on the integration of blockchain with deep learning. We classify and categorize the literature by devising a thematic taxonomy based on seven parameters; namely, blockchain type, deep learning models, deep learning specific consensus protocols, application area, services, data types, and deployment goals. We provide insightful discussions on the state-of-the-art blockchain-based deep learning frameworks by highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. Furthermore, we compare the existing blockchain-based deep learning frameworks based on four parameters such as blockchain type, consensus protocol, deep learning method, and dataset. Finally, we present important research challenges which need to be addressed to develop highly efficient, robust, and secure deep learning frameworks.
SELF-SUPERVISED ACOUSTIC ANOMALY DETECTION VIA CONTRASTIVE LEARNING
Authors: Hojjati Hadi , Armanfard Narges
Published: October 2021

We propose an acoustic anomaly detection algorithm based on the framework of contrastive learning. Contrastive learning is a recently proposed self-supervised approach that has shown promising results in image classification and speech recognition. However, its application in anomaly detection is underexplored. Earlier studies have demonstrated that it can achieve state-of-the-art performance in image anomaly detection, but its capability in anomalous sound detection is yet to be investigated. For the first time, we propose a contrastive learning-based framework that is suitable for acoustic anomaly detection. Since most existing contrastive learning approaches are targeted toward images, the effect of other data transformations on the performance of the algorithm is unknown. Our framework learns a representation from unlabeled data by applying audio-specific data augmentations. We show that in the resulting latent space, normal and abnormal points are distinguishable. Experiments conducted on the MIMII dataset confirm that our approach can outperform competing methods in detecting anomalies.
Concepciones y prácticas de aprendizaje y la formación
Authors: Gil Claros Mario Germán
Published: October 2021

En este número de la Revista Boletín Redipe se incluye artículos de investigación y de reflexión propositiva en torno a la relación entre instituciones educativas y organizaciones sociales, la cultura arquitectónica urbana, el desarrollo del pensamiento, del currículo, del aprendizaje y su aplicación en la educación y otras esferas de la vida productiva y social, y también sobre temas inherentes a las áreas y campos de la educación, así como la diversidad y la variación en contextos escolares, comunicativos y culturales, y otros temas relacionados con la enseñanza y la formación docente.