bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The super-recogniser advantage extends to the detection of digitally manipulated faces
Authors: Davis Josh P , Robertson David J , Jenkins Ryan , Ibsen Mathias , Nichols Robert , Babbs Martha , Rathgeb Christian , Løvåsdal Frøy , Raja Kiran Bylappa , Busch Christoph
Published: February 2025

Face recognition by human officials remains the predominant method of identity verification in security-critical contexts. The integrity of this process can be compromised by sophisticated fraud attacks using manipulated face images. Therefore, in this study we examine whether human observers can detect digitally manipulated passport photos, and whether super-recognisers (SRs) outperform typical recogniser controls. Using two face manipulation detection tasks (DFMD1, DFMD2), participants were asked to decide whether a ‘suspected’ passport photo had been digitally manipulated. SRs were found to significantly outperform controls; this effect was not the result of a ‘speed-accuracy trade-off’. Individual differences on tests of face identification aptitude, self-rated ability, and response times, accounted for over 20% of the variance in manipulated image detection sensitivity. Taken together, these findings show that, despite increasing sophistication in digital face manipulation techniques, there is still utility in employing human operators, particularly SRs, to detect them.
Retroffiting of Telecommunication Tower via Tuned Viscous Mass Damper
Authors: Prajapati Amrit , Xie Liyu , Shrestha Rameswor
Published: February 2025

This paper proposes an innovative method to retrofit existing telecommunication towers by integrating Tuned Viscous Mass Dampers (TVMDs) into the tower. This method of retrofitting is designed to improve the seismic resilience of towers by controlling their lateral displacements and accelerations during ground motions. The TVMD includes a component that offers stiffness, connected with a ball screw device that can generate firm damping and inertial forces even with small deformations. In this system, TVMDs are connected in parallel with the existing V-shaped members of the tower. Such strategic TVMD configuration uses the advantage of the V-shaped braces in controlling the vertical displacement of the tower while focusing on the relative lateral displacement in both positive and negative directions. A single-mode tuning design method is presented here for the optimal design of the TVMDs, giving the ability to choose the tuning mode. Modal analysis is performed to determine the target tuning modes. After integrating the tower with TVMDs based on target tuning mode, time-history analyses are conducted to examine the seismic performance of the proposed system. The studies demonstrate the effective control of the TVMD integrated system when tuned to the third mode compared to the first mode.
Flood Hazard Mapping and Flood Vulnerability Analysis of Building Structures at Settlement-scale
Authors: Lamichhane Suraj , Devkota Nirajan , Poudel Hari Prasad , Luitel Somnath
Published: February 2025

This research investigates flood hazards and vulnerabilities in Sauraha region of Nepal, employing a multidisciplinary methodology. Hydrological studies, field surveys, and hydraulic modeling were conducted to assess historical floods, estimate flood discharges, and analyze building vulnerabilities. Findings indicate that major tributaries substantially contribute to flood flow, with the East Rapti River posing a significant risk. Gumbel's distribution and Log Pearson's III distribution provided anticipated flood discharges for various return periods, illuminating the severity of potential inundation. Hydraulic simulations forecasted extensive inundation during a 100-year return flood, especially along the riverbanks, impacting commercial structures and tourist attractions. Vulnerability assessments revealed that 75% of riverside buildings face extreme vulnerability during such events. Urgent flood protection initiatives, including mandating flood-resilient building designs and preserving natural drainage systems, are imperative. The study identifies limitations, suggesting detailed assessments and sophisticated modeling for comprehensive flood mitigation strategies. Overall, this study underscores the immediate need for targeted interventions to address the persistent and complex flood dynamics in Sauraha.
Expected Electoral Innovations: An Utterly Pressing ‘Democratization & Enfranchising’ Emergency in Political Landscape of Nepal
Authors: Dahal Atindra
Published: February 2025

Election is one of the key and cardinal events in the democracy, and it embodies huge ground of importance in multiple aspects. Conducting elections periodically in free, fair and fast manner is an inevitable and inexorable obligation of each nation. There is no room and reason to refute this onus. Ergo, timely changes and modifications in the election practices and provisions become an utmost and pressing emergency for all the nations in order to address the recent trends and mitigate the emerging electoral challenges. Nepal no longer is in zone of exception with this dire need of the universal similarity. This paper charts out two major issues a) inherent beauty of election, and b) couple of cardinal electoral innovations and major modifications that Nepal, as soon as possible, has to daringly commence to additionally democratize upcoming election activities in pursuit of commendable trust, prompt response, higher validity, larger attraction, supplementary resourcefulness, added enthusiasm, upheld optimism, and mass social audits from the public.
नेपालको विकासमा सार्वजनिक निजी साझेदारी: समस्या र समाधान
Authors: सुवेदी Subedi रामबन्धु Rambandhu
Published: February 2025

Available in full text.
Релігійне життя Вінниччини в німецькій зоні окупації (1941–1944)
Authors: Павлуник Олександр
Published: February 2025

The article examines religious life of Vinnytsia region during the Nazi occupation in the years of the World War II and highlights the problems of relations between the Church and the State, position of the Church and its believers in German zone of occupation, which was the part of thegeneralbezirk "Zhytomyr" of reichs commissariat "Ukraine". The author describes the attitude of members of Ukrainian nationalists marching groups to solving actual problems of spirituality of the population in this region.
Ochrona symboli religijnych zawartych we wzorach przemysłowych zgłoszonych do Urzędu Patentowego RP
Authors: Szczotka Jerzy
Published: February 2025

Tematem artykułu jest prawna ochrona symboli religijnych zawartych we wzorach przemysłowych zgłoszonych do Urzędu Patentowego RP na podstawie ustawy z dnia 30 czerwca 2000 r. – Prawo własności przemysłowej. Zgodnie z tym aktem normatywnym Urząd Patentowy RP, działając ex officio, nie może udzielić ochrony prawnej na obszarze państwa polskiego takim wzorom przemysłowym, które zawierają oznaczenie zawierające element o wysokiej wartości symbolicznej o charakterze religijnym, którego używanie obrażałoby uczucia religijne. Badając zgłoszony wzór, Urząd Patentowy ocenia zaistnienie okoliczności wskazanych w powołanej regulacji, której próbę wykładni przedstawiono w artykule. W tym kontekście należy zwrócić uwagę, że ze względu na długotrwały historycznie i uniwersalny charakter, symbole związane z religią chrześcijańską mają co do zasady wysoką wartość nie tylko dla osób wierzących, lecz także dla tych, którzy szanują związane z nimi wartości jako istotne dla funkcjonowania całego społeczeństwa. W ramach obowiązujących przepisów ważnym instrumentem ochrony prawnej symboli i jednocześnie uczuć religijnych jest instytucja unieważnienia i uchylenia decyzji Urzędu Patentowego o udzieleniu prawa z rejestracji. Wniosek w tej sprawie może złożyć każdy, co stwarza możliwość – a nawet powinność – podjęcia działania przez instytucje i organizacje kościelne, osoby duchowne, chrześcijańskie stowarzyszenia, wspólnoty i ruchy, a nawet poszczególnych wiernych.
PROVIDING SECURITY OF INFORMATION EXCHANGE ON THE ELEMENTS OF THE INTERNET OF THINGS
Authors:   Khmelnytskyi National University, PRAVORSKA N
Published: February 2025

Internet of Things devices allow you to transfer information from small to large amounts of data. One of the common problems with the Internet of Things is the need to protect information from interference with a communication channel. IoT devices often have a one-sided effect, that is, transferring data only to the receiver. In hardware complexity, IoT endpoints, unlike powerful network servers, have limited resources in both device memory and processor computing power. The increase in computing power is limited by the available power consumption. Therefore, it is important to ensure reliable authentication and data protection using simple and efficient algorithms. The need to protect privacy by circulating on the Internet with greater information is obvious, and with the development of wireless networks and the growing number of smart devices more than ever relevant. Meanwhile, features of IoT systems, such as the large number of interacting devices, their limited resources and the need for continuous real-time work require a special approach in the selection and creation of cryptographic protocols. Attribute-based encryption allows for 63 access controls and addresses one encrypted message to multiple devices that have the same attribute sets, which is useful in IoT systems. On the other hand, ABE schemes need to be refined to meet the resource constraints. Lightweight cryptographic primitives satisfy this condition, but not all of them are sufficiently robust.
Feasibility Test of Papaya Microgreens (Carica papaya L. var. Callina) As Functional Foods
Authors: Sujarwati Sujarwati , Mayta Novaliza Isda  , Retno Ayu Wulandari  , Anisa Sholihatul Muawanah
Published: February 2025

Papaya seeds have the potential to be developed as microgreens. Microgreens are classified as functional foods because they contain at least ten times more phytochemicals and vitamins than mature plants of the same species. This study aims to analyze the feasibility of Callina papaya microgreens as functional food based on proximate analysis, antioxidant activity, and antioxidant compound content. Proximate analysis was conducted by testing the moisture content (thermogravimetric), ash (dry soaking), protein (Kjeldahl method), fat (soxhlet method), and carbohydrate (by difference). The antioxidant activity test used the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. Analysis of antioxidant compounds included testing vitamin C levels (spectrophotometry) and chlorophyll levels (portable chlorophyll meter). Flavonoid, alkaloid, and tannin compounds were tested qualitatively. Proximate analysis of papaya microgreens on dry weight contained 57.35% water, 0.48% ash, 3.46% carbohydrate, 13.45% fat, and 25.28% protein. Papaya microgreens in wet weight percent contained 94.35% water, 0.03% ash, 3.43% carbohydrate, 0.76% fat, and 1.43% protein. Papaya microgreens have very strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 2.058 ppm. Antioxidant compounds in papaya microgreens are vitamin C (1.152%), chlorophyll (32.56 μmol/m²), flavonoids, and alkaloids, but tannins are not present. Based on the results of proximate analysis, antioxidant activity test, and antioxidant compounds, it can be concluded that papaya microgreens are feasible as functional food because it meet the requirements of functional foods, which contain physiologically active compounds and can provide health benefits.
The Impact of Carbonization Temperature on The Quality of Empty Fruit Bunch Charcoal and Palm Kernel Charcoal for Co-Firing Application
Authors: Febriani Annisa Vada , Hanum Farrah Fadhillah , Rahayu Aster , Setya Wardhana Budi , Firda Mahira Alfiata Chusna
Published: February 2025

Biomass is a renewable energy source that can be processed into charcoal through a carbonisation process, which depends on temperature to improve the quality of the charcoal produced.  This research focuses on the utilisation of Oil Palm Fronds (OPF) and Palm Kernel Shells (PKS) as biomass feedstock in an effort to produce an alternative fuel that can be used in the co-firing process with Low Rank Coal (LRC). This study heats palm fronds and shells at 300°C to 600°C, then measures moisture content, ash content, calorific value, and sulfur content. Based on the results, a temperature of 600°C was identified as the optimal condition for the OPF and PKS drying process. At this temperature, a significant decrease in moisture content is directly proportional to the increase in ash content and calorific value, indicating an improvement in fuel quality. The highest calorific values achieved were 6095.35 kcal/kg for OPF and 7364.81 kcal/kg for PKS. In addition, the sulphur content of the charred biomass is much lower than that of coal, which provides an advantage in terms of cleaner emissions. In comparison with LRC, the charred biomass showed better quality in terms of calorific value and lower sulphur content, despite the higher ash content of the biomass. OPF and PKS that have undergone the charring process offer a more environmentally friendly fuel alternative and have the potential to replace LRC in combustion applications, resulting in lower emissions. This study thus reinforces the potential of oil palm biomass as a promising renewable energy source.
ANALISA FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI NILAI PERUSAHAAN DENGAN PERTUMBUHAN PERUSAHAAN SEBAGAI INTERVENING
Authors: Dewi Widiarti  , Ratih Andriani  , Rita Yunita Resmi
Published: February 2025

Perusahaan barang konsumsi dituntut untuk terus berupaya meningkatkan kekayaan dengan meningkatkan nilai perusahaan karena investor tertarik menanamkan modal ketika nilai perusahaan meningkat. Penelitian ini menyelidiki faktor mengganggu pertumbuhan laba dan nilai perusahaan. Profitabilitas yang diproksikan ROA, variabel likuiditas diproksikan dengan rasio current, dan variable struktur modal diproksikan debt to asset sebagai variable eksogen. Variabel endogen yaitu pertumbuhan perusahaan dan nilai perusahaan dengan intervensi endogen. Teknik pengambilan sampel purposive digunakan sehingga diperoleh 16 perusahaan dalam industri makanan dan minuman. Dalam penelitian ini analisis jalur digunakan. Hasil penelitian menyatakan beberapa faktor memengaruhi nilai bisnis: profitabilitas, pertumbuhan, likuiditas, dan struktur modal. Pertumbuhan bisnis meningkatkan pengaruh profitabilitas terhadap nilai perusahaan, sedangkan pertumbuhan perusahaan menurunkan pengaruh likuiditas dan struktur modal terhadap nilai perusahaan.
INTEGRATING GREEN PRODUCT INNOVATION AND AI IN BUSINESS STRATEGIES FOR COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE: A STUDY OF INDONESIAN'S FUTURE
Authors: Ardiansyah Eka
Published: February 2025

This study delves into the synergy between green product innovation and artificial intelligence (AI) as a key to enhancing the competitive advantage of companies in Indonesia. A total of 15 manufacturing and retail companies were studied using a mixed methods approach, the results obtained showed that although awareness of the importance of both aspects is increasing, there are still a number of challenges in implementing an effective AI strategy. One of the main obstacles lies in the level of understanding of the workforce, where 75% of the data obtained indicated that AI users are not yet fully able to utilize the potential of this technology to increase sales. However, it is undeniable that the application of artificial intelligence can have a positive impact in terms of operational efficiency, resource management, and the development of more environmentally friendly products. Ultimately, this study is expected to provide valuable insights for companies in Indonesia that are ambitious to integrate green product innovation and artificial intelligence. The emphasis on the importance of intellectual capital is a crucial aspect to achieve this goal. These findings are expected to enrich the understanding of how companies in Indonesia can remain competitive in the global market while supporting sustainable practices, in order to achieve future success.
FEATURES OF CONTINUING EDUCATION IN THE TRAINING OF SPECIALISTS
Authors: Abdinagi M.U. , Korganbaeva Zh.K. , Karazhanova D.A.
Published: February 2025

It is obvious that one of the main requirements for professionals today is versatility, that is, being a professional master of his specialist depends on hiscontinuing education. Education, without stopping its development, but only in search and training of students. The beginning of the process of continuing educationbegins with specialists and continues with students. The first stage of continuing education is primary education. After all, in the future, the inclinations and talents of competitive citizens of the country will begin to manifest themselves mainly in this primary school. Primary school not only gives the child knowledge, but also promotes the development of special abilities and talents in students. The new age requires talented, capable, versatile mature young people. In accordance with it, from primary school, we need to educate a person who has his own personal vision, capable of bringing national value to the world level. As for the interaction of the University and the school in the system of continuing pedagogical education in achieving these good goals, it is known that now the student's personality has become the center, and all pedagogical activities are concentrated around the student.
DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSVERSAL SKILLS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: Abildina S.K. , Balapanova K.Zh. , Аuken A.O. , Bakirova I.D. , Dagarova Zh.U.
Published: February 2025

In today's fast-paced world, transversal or 21st-century skills are integral to achieving success. Among them are critical thought/thinking, resolution strategies for issues, effective communication and cooperation with others, as well as creative ideation capacity while maintaining adaptability in changing environments alongside self-management abilities that showcase social and cultural awareness.This study aims to examine how primary school children in developed and developing nations acquire transversal skills. To achieve our goal, we use a blended methodologycomprising surveys, interviews, and focus groups among teachers, parents and students to gather relevant data. According to the study, primary schools in both developedand developing countries are fostering transversal skills. Nevertheless, the degree of development varies depending on each context. Developed nations prioritize explicitinstruction as a means for nurturing these skills. At the same time, implicit methods such as extracurricular activities and community involvement tend to be used more frequently in developing regions. The research revealed that primary schools face
ҚАЛЫПТАСТЫРУШЫ БАҒАЛАУ - МЕКТЕПТЕГІ МЕТАПӘНДІК БІЛІМ БЕРУ НӘТИЖЕЛЕРІН МОНИТОРИНГІЛЕУДІҢ ҚҰРАЛЫ РЕТІНДЕ
Authors: Айтбаев С.Т. , Суматохин С.В. , Китапбаева А.А. , Сексенова Д.У. , Аталихова Г.Б.
Published: February 2025

Мақалада мектеп оқушыларының метапәндік нәтижелерін қалыптастырушы бағалау тәсілдері айтылған. Метапәндік дағдылар және олардың негізінде қалыптасқан әмбебап оқу әрекеттері жалпы білім беретін мектеп оқушыларының функционалдық сауаттылығын қамтамасыз етеді. Білім алушылардың метапәндік нәтижелерін қалыптастырушы бағалаудың маңызды ерекшелігі - әмбебап пәннен тыс білім, білік, дағды және құзыреттілік ретінде әрекет ете отырып, метапәндік жетістіктері бір жағынан барлық оқу пәндерінің құралдарымен және сонымен бірге нақты оқу пәндерінің материалымен қалыптастырылады.
Бұл ретте оқу пәндерінің әрбір циклінің (гуманитарлық және жаратылыстану-ғылыми пәндер) өзіндік оқыту ерекшелігі, өзіндік дидактикалық тәсілдері және педагогикалық ерекшеліктері бар, мұны негізгі білім беру бағдарламасын меңгерудің жоспарланған нәтижелерін қалыптастырушы бағалау процесінде ескеру керек. Қалыптастырушы бағалау үздіксіз сипатта болады, педагогпен кері байланысты қамтиды және әрқашан бағалаудың критериалды нысаны болып табылады. Оқушының оқу жетістіктерінің портфолиосы, әртүрлі жобалар, проблемалық оқыту әдістері, аралас оқытудың әртүрлі формалары, цифрлық қызметтерді қолдану, дағдылар мен құзыреттіліктердің дескрипторларын пайдалану, ойын технологиялары мен геймификация және т.б. қалыптастырушы бағалау құралдары бола алады. «Есте сақтау матрицалары», оқушылардың өз күштерімен тест материалдарын құрастыру, «минуттық шолу», бір сөйлемде жалпылау, шағын эссе, апталық есептер, диагностикалық карталарды, сауалнама парақтарын, электрондық күнделіктерді, жеке білім беру жетістіктерінің парақтарын пайдалану және тағы да басқа қалыптастырушы бағалау әдістері кеңінен қолданылады.    Қалыптастырушы бағалау білім алушылардың білім сапасын мектепішілік бағалау жүйесіндегі жоспарланатын, оның ішінде метапәндік жетістіктерін мониторингтеудің тиімді құралы.
Жүргізілген зерттеу деректері бойынша педагогтардың едәуір бөлігі әлі күнге дейін қалыптастырушы бағалау технологиясы туралы аз хабардар екенін көрсетті, сауалнамаға қатысқан мұғалімдердің басым бөлігі мектеп оқушыларының метапәндік жетістіктерінің мониторингі үшін қалыптастырушы бағалауды қолдануға дайын және бақылау-бағалау қызметінің осы аспектісінде өз құзыреттілігін арттырғысы келетінін атап өтті.
Object Localization using Bearing Only Visual Detection
Authors: Sjö Kristoffer  , Paul Chandana  , Jensfelt Patric
Published: February 2025

This work demonstrates how an autonomous robotic platform can use intrinsically noisy, coarse-scale visual methods lacking range information to produce good estimates of the location of objects, by using a map-space representation for weighting together multiple observations from different vantage points. As the robot moves through the environment it acquires visual images which are processed by means of a fast but noisy visual detection algorithm that gives bearing only information. The results from the detection are projected from image space into map space, where data from multiple viewpoints can intrinsically combine to yield an increasingly accurate picture of the location of objects. This method has been implemented and shown to work for object localization on a real robot. It has also been tested extensively in simulation, with systematically varied false positive and false negative detection rates. The results demonstrate that this is a viable method for object localization, even under a wide range of sensor uncertainties.
Nonlinear Model Predictive Control of an Omnidirectional Mobile Robot
Authors: Li Xiang  , Kanjanawanishkul Kiattisin  , Zell Andreas
Published: February 2025

This paper focuses on motion control problems of an omnidirectional robot based on the Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) method. The main contributions of this paper are not only to analyze and design NMPC controllers with guaranteed stability to nonlinear kinematic models, but also to show the feasibility of NMPC with a real fast moving omnidirectional robot.
Modern Urban Landscape to Sustainable Urban Landscape
Authors: Bhatt Parmeet Singh
Published: February 2025

Introduction; Chandigarh, the Modern Urban Landscape; Concepts of Landscape Applied to Chandigarh; The grid; The open space; The Challenge of Change; Chandigarh – A Utopian Spirit; Urban Open Space as a Receptive Base; Urban eco-cyborgs; Urban open space as green infrastructure; Landscape urbanism – open space as sustainability superstructure or green metastructure; Urban open space in the 21st century – fuzzy, dynamic, loose fit landscapes; Conclusion; References
Landscapes of the Recent Past: Identifying Key Problems Regarding the Conservation of Designed Landscapes
Authors: Haenraets Jan  , Ebohon Obas John
Published: February 2025

A Gradual Change of Attitude Towards Heritage of the Recent Past; The Conservation of Recent Landscapes Starts to Receive Attention; Conserving Recent Landscapes Gains a Temporary Momentum; Understanding Current Issues; Concluding Remarks and Recommendation for Future Action; Notes
Architecture and Temporality in Conservation Theory: The Modern Movement and the Restoration Attitude in Cesare Brandi
Authors: Meraz Fidel
Published: February 2025

Brandi's Aesthetics; Restoration as Temporal Attitude; Some Modern Places to Exist; Notes; References
The Original Intention – Intention of the Original?
Authors: Hammer Ivo
Published: February 2025

Autonomy of Art and Material; The Tugendhat House: Materiality; The Challenge of Change; Notes
Modern Movement Conservation as Progressive Practice
Authors: While Aidan  , Pendlebury John
Published: February 2025

Introduction; Welfare State Housing and Progressive Practice in Modern Movement Conservation; Byker and the Challenge of Change; Conclusions; Notes
Hyperspectral image segmentation using FSMLR with Jeffreys prior
Authors: Borges J.S.  , Marçal A.R.S.  , Bioucas-Dias J.M.
Published: February 2025

The segmentation of satellite images is a valuable tool to obtain useful information about the spatial distribution of different land cover types. The use of segmentation algorithms instead of the traditional pixel-by-pixel classifiers used to produce land cover maps results on images that exhibit a more homogeneous distribution of classes, showing the piecewise spatial continuity of the real world.
Land cover change assessment in Belek forest based on change vector analysis
Authors: Akkartal A.  , Sunar F.
Published: February 2025

The detection and monitoring of land use / land cover change using satellite multispectral imagery has been a topic of interest in remote sensing. Different techniques, mostly grouped into two general classes which are based on spectral categorization (classification) and based on radiometric change, for accomplishing change detection have been formulated, applied and evaluated in many environmental applications. Change vector analysis is an effective approach for detecting and characterizing land cover change that processes and analyses change in all multi-spectral and multi-temporal data. In this context, the main objective of this paper is to authenticate the land cover change based on a radiometric technique, Change Vector Analysis (CVA) for the Belek forest, Antalya.
Future Internet in Home Area Networks: Towards Optical Solutions?
Authors: Gaudino Roberto  , Cardenas Daniel  , Bellec Martial  , Charbonnier Benoit  , Evanno Noella  , Guignard Philippe  , Meyer Sylvain  , Pizzinat Anna  , Möllers Ingo  , Jäger Dieter
Published: February 2025

Future Internet Access technologies are supposed to bring us a very performing connection to the main door of our homes. At the same time, new services and devices, as for example digital Audio-Video (AV) terminals (such as HDTV videos) and their increased use will require data transfers at speeds exceeding 1 Gbps inside the home at the horizon 2012. Both drivers lead to the deployment of a high-quality, future-proof network inside homes, to avoid a somehow ironic, but indeed possible situation, in which the Home Area Network (HAN) becomes the actual bottleneck of the full system. In this paper we review the requirements for next-generation HAN, showing that this environment may end up taking advantage of optical cabling solutions as an alternative to more traditional copper or pure wireless approaches.
DICONET: future generation transparent networking with dynamic impairment awareness
Authors: Tomkos Ioannis  , Pointurier Yvan  , Azodolmolky Siamak  , Eiselt Michael  , Zami Thierry  , Piesiewicz Radoslaw  , Saradhi Chava Vijaya  , Gunkel Matthias  , Mahlab Uri  , Chen Ming  , Ye Yabin  , Pickavet Mario  , Gagnaire Maurice  , Varvarigos Emmanouel  , Solé Pareta Josep  , Nejabati Reza  , Qin Yixuan  , Simeonidou Dimitra
Published: February 2025

Transparent networks are widely seen as the prime candidates for the core network technology of the future. These networks provide ultra high speed end-to-end connectivity with high quality of service and failure resiliency. A downside of transparency is the accumulation of physical impairments over long distances, which are difficult to mitigate using physical-layer techniques only, and the novel challenges in fault detection/localization. We present here the DICONET project, a set of techniques and algorithms implemented at multiple layers, culminating with the physical implementation of a transparent optical network on a testbed. DICONET consists of a set of impairment-aware network management algorithms, such as routing and wavelength assignment, monitoring, failure localization, rerouting, all integrated within a unified control plane, which extends known solutions to include the impairment-awareness of the underlying layers.
Future Internet: towards context information brokering
Authors: van Deventer M. Oskar  , Tilanus Paul  , Schenk Mike  , Cramer Eelco  , Adriaanse Joost
Published: February 2025

Future Internet is about combinations of communication, content and context services. Whereas the former two have achieved already a reasonable state of maturity, context information services are still at their infancy: at most stand-alone applications with limited on-line-or-off-line presence information. The critical success factor is still missing, namely context federation, which is the exchange of context information between different application, services and providers.
Feature Interaction Detection in the Feature Language Extensions
Authors: Sun Lei  , Zhoa Lu  , Li Yimeng  , Leung Wu-Hon F.
Published: February 2025

One of the most difficult tasks in software development is that features are implemented by changing the code of other features. This problem cannot be solved with existing general purpose programming languages if the features interact and are executed in the same process [1]. A solution to the problem must include a method that can automatically identify where to make the changes, or in the context of interacting features, automatically detect their interaction conditions. The Feature Language Extensions (FLX) is a set of language constructs that enable the programmer to develop interacting features as separate and reusable program modules. This paper overviews the feature interaction detection method of FLX. It includes an algorithm that determines the satisfiability of quantifier free first order predicate formulas containing variables that are used in the actual software and, therefore, may have complex data structures and predicate methods. FLX provides language constructs for the programmer to specify reusable predicate combination functions so that the algorithm does not require iterations of trials and errors.
Detecting policy conflicts by model checking UML state machines
Authors: Ter Beek Maurice H.  , Gnesi Stefania  , Montangero Carlo  , Semini Laura
Published: February 2025

Policies are convenient means to modify system behaviour at run-time. Nowadays, policies are created in great numbers by different actors, ranging from system administrators to lay-users. However, this situation may lead naturally to inconsistencies, a problem that has been recognized and termed policy conflict.
Risk, Responsibility, Rights, Regulation and Representation in the Value Chain of Nano-products
Authors: Throne-Holst Harald  , Randles Sally  , Greiffenhagen Christian  , Strandbakken Pål  , Stø Eivind
Published: February 2025

This chapter reports on a research project which addresses one key question and a number of sub-questions. The key question is, what are the salient dimensions of the commercialisation and governance of nano-enabled products, covering regulation, risks, responsibilities, consumer rights, and representations to the consumer? The sub-question, and the particular focus of this paper is, how are nano-enabled products destined for consumer markets labelled and marketed? Within this more specifically, how do producers perceive and strategically target consumers, and communicate with them (or not) about the nano-component of their products? Then, does the way that consumers are conceived of and understood by different actors along the value chain change in terms of how the product is marketed? Finally, what are the ethical, governance and regulatory implications of the answers to these questions? The chapter builds on an ongoing collaborative project between SIFO (Norway's National Institute for Consumer Research) and the Manchester Institute of Innovation Research at Manchester Business School, UK. The work is a comparison of ethical aspects in the marketing of nano-products in Norway and the UK. This chapter provides preliminary findings and some reflections based on empirical material; an analysis of web-based and other communications, interviews along the value chain, i.e. with producers, importers , retailers and other ‘intermediaries’; and eight group discussions across the two countries focussing on cosmetics and textiles.
Scaffolding Motivation and Metacognition in Learning Programming
Authors: Hull Alison  , Du Boulay Benedict
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the role that feedback based on past actions and motivational states of the learner can have in a motivationally and metacognitively aware Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) focused on programming.
Load Testing and Bearing Capacity of Bored Piles in Limestone
Authors: Düzceer R.  , Gökalp A.  , Adatepe Ş.
Published: February 2025

The objective of this paper is to critically compare the measured shaft resistance with computed values based on unconfıned compressive strength of rock. For this purpose the results of load tests conducted for the foundation piles of high rise towers are studied. The main emphasis is given to the Federation Tower complex in Moscow consists of two tower of 62 and 93 floors. The 93 storey Tower, which soars 354 m will become the tallest building in Europe when completed in 2010. The high and concentrated foundation loads necessitated the utilization of pile foundation, which penetrates into limestone. The foundation piles were 1.50 m in diameter with varying lengths depending on the loads. The subsoil consists of 5 m thick medium strong dolomitic limestone, underlain by 5 to 7 m thick marl with thin limestone sub layers. Medium strong to weak limestone underlies these layers. Weak limestone was encountered at a depth of 22 m in which piles were socketed. Ground water table was located at 6 m below pile cut-off level. Core drilling and pressure grouting were performed underneath each pile for possible cavities in the limestone down to 6 m below pile tip level. Pile design loads vary within the range of 25 MN to 35 MN. Two preliminary pile load tests with Osterberg Cell method were carried out for two different pile socket lengths. The maximum applied bi-directional load was 33 MN corresponding to 66 MN top down load. The measured shaft resistance was compared with emprical methods based on the unconfined compressive strength of rock. Load test results were consistent with calculated shaft resistance values of Reese and O Neil (1989) and Rowe and Armitage (1984).
Liaisons Structurelles des Argiles Gonflantes pendant l'Humidification
Authors: Ejjaaouani H.
Published: February 2025

Cet article présente l'analyse du processus géologique d'une formation de structures argileuses, de leurs propriétés et des liaisons structurelles entre les particules solides du sol.
The solutions of selected problems of plasticity in soil mechanics by upper-bound theorem
Authors: Škrabl S.  , Macuh B.  , Vrecl-Kojc H.  , Trauner L.
Published: February 2025

The article actually presents the synthesis of the work of Institute for geotechnics on University of Maribor within last fifteen years in the field of limit state analysis. The application of the technique of the upper-bound theorem within the limit state analysis for failure load evaluation in solving stability problems of soil mechanics is presented. The solutions of the most frequent stability problems in soil mechanics that apply the upper-bound theorem within the limit analysis are presented. Different failure surfaces were introduced for two dimensional problems: polygonal for slope stability, log-spiral with polygon for bearing capacity of shallow foundation on slopes, and log-spiral and polygonal for passive pressure evaluation.
Estimation of earthquake-triggered flood in a subsided area
Authors: Yasuda S.
Published: February 2025

Ground subsidence occurred in lowlands of Tokyo due to draw of water from wells. The maximum settlement of the ground reached 4m. The area where ground level is lower than sea level is 124 km2. The area must be protected by river dikes and canal revetments. Several dikes and revetments have been strengthened against earthquakes. However, not treated dikes and revetments are still remained. In this paper, probability of earthquake-triggered flood was discussed based on several analyses. Liquefaction potential at 7 not treated river dikes and canal revetments during future earthquakes was predicted Then deformation of river dikes and canal revetments was analyzed by an analytical method named “ALID”. Analyzed results showed that the dikes and the revetments will settle dozens of cm, and river or canal water will invade and cause severe flood during future earthquakes.
Geotechnical investigation and seismic analysis of underground monuments in Alexandria, Egypt
Authors: Pitilakis K.  , Bandis S.  , Hemeda S.
Published: February 2025

Modern underground structures (i.e. tunnels) are less vulnerable to seismic actions than above ground structures. However underground monuments like tombs and catacombs, present certain construction and geometrical particularities that make them quite vulnerable, both in long term static and especially under seismic conditions. The analysis of the stability of these complex monuments under static and strong seismic loading, together with other factors affecting material strength (rising water level, aging and weathering), are the key factors for the efficient restoration and retrofitting of these underground monumental structures. The paper presents the geotechnical, geophysical investigations and the numerical static and seismic analysis of selected underground monuments in Alexandria, Egypt i.e. the Catacombs of Kom El-Shoqafa, El-Shatbi Necropolis and the Necropolis of Mustafa Kamil.
Calibration chamber investigation into effect of confining pressure on mechanisms of compaction grouting
Authors: El-Kelesh A.M.  , Matsui T.  , Tokida K.
Published: February 2025

Compaction grouting has some problems that are basically attributed to the little understanding of grouting mechanisms. Large-scale double-wall calibration chamber and injection systems have recently been developed to physically model and investigate the technique in the laboratory. This paper describes the main features of the developed systems and presents and discusses results of injections performed into sand samples under different confining pressures. The grouting mechanisms are discussed in terms of the variation with injection of the vertical displacement of soil surface, the volume change of soil, and the coefficient of earth pressure at rest (K0). The results and discussions reveal that during injection the soil exhibits large deformations and increases in the lateral stress. After termination or during suspension of injection, the soil experiences creep deformation and lateral stress relaxation. The initial stress condition of soil highly influences the soil deformation. The soil volume change increases with injection, but at an attenuating rate. A unique relationship between the increase of K0with injection and the volume of injected grout is established.
Assessment of efficiency of the old landfill protection system based on transport modelling and monitoring research
Authors: Koda E.  , Golimowski J.  , Wiencław E.
Published: February 2025

The paper describes the results of numerical modelling of pollution transport and groundwater quality monitoring for the old sanitary landfill where the advanced protection systems have been introduced. The protection system consists of the vertical bentonite barrier and peripheral leachate drainage. The FEMWATER numerical program has been used for groundwater flow and transport modelling. The control tests of the vertical barrier material and subsoil were performed to determine permeability parameters for the numerical model. The local monitoring program includes chemical analyses of leachates, surface and groundwater quality as well as groundwater level observations. The results of groundwater monitoring have been used for verification and tare of numerical model. The influence of remedial works on the groundwater quality on landfill surroundings has also been analysed in the paper.
Geotechnical properties of a silt-bentonite mixture for liner construction
Authors: Boscov M.E.G.  , Soares V.  , Vasconcelos F.D.  , Ferrari A.A.P.
Published: February 2025

Cover and bottom liners at waste disposal sites are usually composed of a compacted clay layer (CCL) or a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) overlain by a geomembrane. Employing local materials in the compacted layer should be attempted, since transportation costs and environmental impacts associated to borrow pit exploitation may be significantly reduced. Saprolitic silty soils of acidic rocks, which occur extensively in tropical regions, may present adequate geotechnical properties when compacted and confined, but their compacted permeability is generally at least tenfold higher than the limit value of 10−9m/s usually required for liners. Furthermore, characterization of this construction material is particularly difficult due to the occurrence of thick layers with great spatial heterogeneity relative to mechanical and hydraulic properties. This paper shows the results of an investigation on the technical feasibility of using a silty saprolitic soil of the metropolitan region of São Paulo for liner construction by means of bentonite addition and compaction at modified energy. Initially, optimum bentonite content was determined considering the mixture permeability. Compressibility, shear strength and expansibility were also determined for the natural soil and the soil-bentonite mixture. A test liner was built in a waste disposal site to consider practical construction aspects. Bentonite addition reduces soil permeability and ensures conformity to specification limits, without significantly modifying other geotechnical properties. The swelling potential of the natural soil and the mixture is a negative aspect that has to be properly addressed.
Mix-design, construction and controls of lime stabilized embankments
Authors: Fratalocchi E.  , Bellezza I.  , Di Sante M.  , Pasqualini E.
Published: February 2025

A case history concerning mixture design, in-place mixing and compaction procedures, construction and controls of road embankments made of lime stabilized soil is described and discussed. The case history points out the importance of proper design and construction procedures, starting from laboratory testing, in situ test pad and construction quality control to assure the desired overall performance of lime-stabilised embankments. In this way it is also possible to remedy unavoidable defects and to optimise the construction practices in case of unexpected events, such as particular weather conditions, variation of soil type, or wrong procedures. The paper also shows that a test pad is absolutely necessary not only to set up proper construction procedures, but also to define the reference values of the parameters to control construction procedures.
Creep behaviour of an undisturbed lightly overconsolidated clay
Authors: Martínez-Vasquez J.J.  , Díaz-Rodríguez J.A.
Published: February 2025

The purpose of the investigation reported in this paper was to study the creep effects on stress-strain-time behaviour of Mexico City lacustrine sediments. The studied site studied is localized in the Central Park, the soil specimens were obtained from 7.3 and 22.6 m depth. The paper describes the results of 8 creep tests; isotropically consolidated specimens to consolidation pressure σ′o=80 kPa; the creep stage caused sustained stress were applied for over 10,000 minutes. For depth 7.3 m were applied shear stress levels D=36%, 58% and 93% and for depth 22.6 m were applied shear stress levels D=22%, 37% and 56%. The test results show that the influence of creep in the destructured range (σ′y/σ′o>1) is not important at low shear stress levels, D. Creep rupture was not present in the carried out tests. The post-creep strength not clearly shows tendency to increase or decrease by comparing with reference strength before σ′y
Traitement d'une argile marine par consolidation atmosphérique
Authors: Liausu P.  , Scache H.
Published: February 2025

L'extension du port de Kwang Yang en Corée du Sud a nécessité la création d'une plate-forme gagnée sur la mer par remblaiement hydraulique de grands casiers en argile draguée sur 10 m de hauteur sur le fond marin lui même constitué de 15m d'argile marine. La solution de la consolidation atmosphérique a été retenue pour 2 tranches de travaux représentant 35 hectares de superficie. L'article présente le dimensionnement de la solution, la description de la réalisation des travaux, et le suivi des nombreuses mesures effectuées tout au long des travaux. Une comparaison entre les tassements prévisionnels et les tassements effectivement obtenus, généralement compris entre 4 et 5 m, est effectuée, permettant ainsi d'apporter une contribution à la compréhension du mécanisme de consolidation sous vide des sols argileux mous.
Student understanding of the concept of soil structure guides instructional interventions
Authors: Pantazidou M.
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a methodology instructors can use in class to elucidate concept understanding in order to design appropriate interventions. The methodology consists of (i) phrasing qualitative questions on fundamental course concepts and (ii) identifying in the answers the main categories that describe the variation of the students' thinking. The application of the methodology is demonstrated for the concept of “soil structure” in an environmental geotechnics course. The results reveal the students' misconceptions related to soil porosity and permeability. To address these misconceptions, alternative in-class activities are discussed.
Geotechnical and structural behavior of the railroad track in Large-scale Apparatus
Authors: Queiroz R.C.  , Macari E.J.
Published: February 2025

This paper analyses the static and dynamic behavior of the railroad track model in laboratory. Measurements of stresses and strains on a large-scale railroad track apparatus were studied. The model includes: compacted soil, representing the final layers of platform, ballast layer, and ties (steel, wooden, and pre-stressed concrete). The soil and soil ballast interface were instrumented with pneumatic stress gauge. Settlement measurement device were positioned at the same levels as the load cells. Loads were applied by hydraulic actuators, statically and dynamically. After the prescribed number of load cycles, in pre-determined intervals, stresses and strains were measured. Observations indicate that stress and strain distributions, transmitted by wooden or steel ties, behave similarly. A more favorable behavior was observed with pre-stressed concrete mono block ties. Non-linear response was observed after a threshold numbers of cycles were surpassed, showing that the strain modulus increases with the numbers of cycles.
Safeguarding Venice from high tides: site characterization & geotechnical problems
Authors: Jamiolkowski M.  , Ricceri G.  , Simonini P.
Published: February 2025

The historical city of Venice is threatened by frequent flooding caused by the eustatic rise of the sea level and due to subsidence, so that this city, one of the most visited in the world, is put at risk by the very element that makes it famous: its canals which can no longer contain the rise of the tidal waters. This paper briefly describes the remedial actions undertaken to safeguard the city and its inhabitants against any damage to their regular activities and to the tourism. The geotechnical issues related to the safeguard measures being implemented are also discussed.