bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REVIEW OF DESIGN APPROACHES AND CLINICAL PROGRESS OF MDM2 INHIBITORS
Authors: Gohil Chiragkumar J. , Noolvi Malleshappa N. , Patel Chhaganbhai N. , Sen Dhrubo Jyoti
Published: December 2021

Activation of the oncogenes and inhibition of the apoptotic function of the p53 protein is a gateway for the cancer genesis. Interaction of the MDM2 protein with p53 protein is responsible for the inhibition of the p53 function. Inhibiting the p53-MDM2 interaction by drug will lead to the p53 release in the cancer cells. And can restart the apoptosis in the cancer cell. Computational methods successfully used for the design and development of the new, potent MDM2 inhibitors. Researchers and pharma companies used rational approach like target-based drug design or ligand-based drug design to develop the novel MDM2 inhibitors. The number of MDM2 inhibitors, has been designed by the computer-aided drug design and in-silico studies. In clinical studies, MDM2 inhibitors are led by RG7112. RG7112 completed its phase-1 trials in 2016, and recently it is under phase-2 trials. Along with RG7112, the number of potent MDM2 inhibitors entered the clinical trials successfully. It indicates the successful development of this class (MDM2 inhibitors). MDM2 inhibitors were found very effective in various studies for the treatment of various kinds of cancers. They have good selectivity for the tumor cells over the normal cells. It induced the dose dependent cell cycle arrest only; in the normal cells. In studies, MDM2 inhibitors successfully detached the p53 protein from the MDM2 protein. And restart the cell-killing function of the p53 protein in the cancer cells. Hence, MDM2 inhibitors can selectively kill the cancer cells over the normal cells.
PHYSICO CHEMICAL EVALUATION OF NEELIBHRINGADI KERA TAILAM MANUFACTURED BY AYURVEDIC COMPANIES IN KERALA
Authors: A Reshmi , S Thara Lakshmi
Published: December 2021

The quality control of herbal medicines has become a major concern to health authorities, health care providers and the manufacturing industries at every stage of production. The standardization of raw drugs and formulations with the help of modern analytical tools increase their scope, acceptance and scientific validity. The safety and efficacy of herbal medicines largely depend on their quality. Neelibhringadi keratailam is an excellent hair growth promoting oil widely prescribed and marketed in Kerala. All the ingredients in the formulation are best hair growth promoters. The knowledge of hair products, their mode of action, efficacy and ingredients has become more relevant today. Neelibhringadi keratailam manufactured by GMP certified Ayurvedic companies in Kerala was assessed by evaluating and comparing the physico chemical parameters of market samples of Neelibhringadi keratailam with that of prepared Neelibhringadi keratailam. Physico chemical parameters such as Acid value (AV), Iodine value (IV), Refractive index (RI) Saponification value (SV), Specific gravity (SG), Weight per milliliter, HPTLC, ICP-MS and microbial contamination of market samples were evaluated and compared with those of prepared sample. Neelibhringadi keram was prepared and its physicochemical analysis was done and compared with market samples. Analysis of the market samples showed significant variation in physicochemical analytical parameters, colour and consistency from the prepared samples.
British Primeval Antiquities
Authors: Rhind Alexander Henry
Published: December 2021

Notice that a communication was read on the topic of encouraging Scottish landowners to preserve the historical and archaeological artefacts found on their land.
Supplementary Notice regarding the entry of the Duke of York's name in the Privy Council Record, July 1685
Authors: Fraser William , Chambers Robert , Robertson Joseph
Published: December 2021

A follow up article to Robert Chambers' earlier paper (p. 90-93). Mr William Fraser, assistant-keeper of the Registers of Sasines, discovered two letters, which confirm that the Duke of York could not have been present at the Scottish Privy Council meetings in Edinburgh that the records claim he attended. Furthermore, Mr Joseph Robertson then argues that there are more instances in the Privy Council records when the Duke is listed as a participant in a meeting, but which we have evidence he could not have attended. None of the contributors to this argument suggest why these errors might have been inserted into the Privy Council records.
Notice of Antiquities on the Isle of Eday, Orkney, recently examined by James Farrer, of Ingleborough
Authors: Stuart John
Published: December 2021

John Stuart communicated a letter from James Farrer regarding his discoveries on the Isle of Eday in Orkney in July 1855. Farrer describes his excavations and also the dimensions of the buildings that he was investigating. The article concludes by discussing some of the finds from the Pict's House in Burray (see earlier in Proceedings Volume II) and a grave found near Pierowall on Westray.
Notes on Melrose Abbey
Authors: Smith John Alexander
Published: December 2021

The article discusses the identity of an individual who is mentioned in an inscribed tablet in Melrose Abbey that is in danger of deteriorating beyond repair. It is concluded that the individual - John Morow - was most likely a stonemason who repaired the abbey, some time in the fifteenth century. The author uses this argument as a vehicle to discuss the stonemasonry and construction of the Abbey more generally.
Notice of the death of Robert Blackader, Archbishop of Glasgow, during a Pilgrimage to the Holy Land, in the year 1508
Authors: Laing David
Published: December 2021

The author presents a translated extract from an Italian diarist that discusses the events surrounding the death of an Archbishop of Glasgow in 1508.
Note regarding two bronze rings, recently dug up near Stobo Castle, Peeblesshire, the Seat of Sir Graham Montgomery
Authors: Seton George
Published: December 2021

Two bronze rings that were uncovered during road works near Stobo Castle were exhibited. The Fellows of the Society suggested that they were items of personal ornament that were buried alongside their owner.
Notes respecting the life of Swein Aslief, an Orkney Viking, of the Twelfth Century, illustrating the annals of that period. Collected from the Early Norwegian Sages
Authors: Fotheringhame W H
Published: December 2021

This article traces the narrative of the life of Swein Aslief, a notable Scandinavian living under the Norse Earls of Orkney. The account concludes with an extract from a primary source that mentions Swein Aslief.
Notice of an unpublished letter from General Mackay to the Laird of Grant, dated at London, 4th December 1690, on the comparative strength of Ecclesiastical parties in Scotland at the Revolution
Authors: Robertson Joseph
Published: December 2021

A letter from a General in service to King William III to a member of the Scottish Privy Council. General Mackay discusses Scotland's religious affiliation and their loyalty to the crown in the late seventeenth century.
A Note on the subject of Protocol Books as connected with Public Records
Authors: Laing David , Thomson Thomas
Published: December 2021

An examination of the work of notaries and the difficulties in collating all the Protocol Books created by individuals across the country. The article contains lists of the locations where collections of Protocol Books can be found, the possible uses of these resources, some information about some of the notaries that wrote them and some illustrative quotes from the books themselves. 

The author also proposed that a letter be written to the Lord Clerk-Register suggesting that he acquire as many Protocol Books for the General Register House as possible, which the Fellows agreed to.
Report of the Committee on St Margaret's Well
Authors: - -
Published: December 2021

The Secretary reported on the conclusion of the proposal to move St Margaret's Well to a more secure location.
Additional note to Mr A Jervise's communication on the historical and antiquarian peculiarities of some districts of Forfarshire (See pp. 64-65)
Authors: Jervise Andrew
Published: December 2021

Andrew Jervise adds some further thoughts to his previous paper 'Notes regarding historical and antiquarian peculiarities of the districts in Forfarshire, where the various relics now presented to the Museum of the Society were found'.
Errata
Authors: - -
Published: December 2021

Errata for Volume 2.
Notice of a Stone Coffin, found in the pavement of the Abbey Church, Dunfermline, in 1849, and of its contents
Authors: Chalmers Peter
Published: December 2021

Two stone coffins were discovered beneath the nave of the Abbey Church of Dunfermline in 1849. The materials used in the coffin and their placement suggests to the author that these coffins may have contained the bodies of the two eldest sons of King Malcolm III and Saint Margaret.
Notices of the Burial of King Malcolm III. in the Monastery at Tynemouth in 1093, and of the subsequent history of his remains
Authors: Stuart John
Published: December 2021

This article discusses the various sources that have information about the death of Malcolm III and his son Edward, as well as their initial burial at Tynemouth. There is also some discussion of the circumstances under which the king's body was moved to Dunfermline to be buried alongside his wife, St Margaret.
On a curious difficulty as to evidence arising from an entry of the Duke of York's name in the sederunt of the Privy Council at Edinburgh, in July 1684
Authors: Chambers Robert
Published: December 2021

This article argues that the records of the Privy Council have been altered to suggest that the Duke of York attended meetings in Edinburgh in July 1684. Although no alibi proving that he was not in Edinburgh has been found, the author argues that there is indirect evidence of the Duke's absence in the Privy Council Records.
A Contabilidade a Serviço do Nazismo: Uma Análise da Utilização da Contabilidade como Instrumento de Exercício de Poder
Authors: Mendonça Neto Octavio Ribeiro de , Cardoso Ricardo Lopes , Riccio Edson Luiz , Sakata Marici Cristine Gramacho
Published: December 2021

O presente trabalho analisou a utilização da Contabilidade como um instrumento de exercício do poder por regimes totalitários, em particular pelo regime Nazista implantado na Alemanha em 1933. . O estudo está fundamentado em uma pesquisa bibliográfica interdisciplinar realizada em livros e artigos científicos da época e atuais e tem um caráter historiográfico crítico. Os resultados obtidos revelam que a Contabilidade contribuiu, no caso do Nazismo, de forma inequívoca para a implantação e perpetuação do regime e da ideologia Nacional Socialista, participando diretamente, sugerindo técnicas e fornecendo pessoal qualificado, contribuindo não só para a condução da economia de guerra, mas também para a perpetração do Holocausto. A principal contribuição do estudo é a de constatar que a prática contábil não é neutra e tem conseqüências sociais, algumas vezes terríveis, como no caso da sua contribuição para a perpetração do Holocausto e, diante dessa constatação aterrorizante, incentivar iniciativas como as propostas por McPhail (2001) no sentido de introduzir a emoção na educação contábil objetivando combater a tendência da Contabilidade de desumanizar o indivíduo.
Fatores Determinantes da Estrutura de Capital das Maiores Empresas do Sul do Brasil em 2007
Authors: Costa Flaviano , Cruz Ana Paula Capuano da , Cherobim Ana Paula Mussi Szabo , Espejo Márcia Maria dos Santos Bortolocci
Published: December 2021

O presente estudo apresenta uma investigação acerca dos fatores determinantes da estrutura de capital das maiores empresas do Sul do Brasil no ano de 2007. O estudo que originou esse artigo testa e analisa as variáveis apontadas na teoria financeira como fatores que podem determinar a estrutura de capital. A amostra está constituída pelas maiores empresas do Sul do Brasil no ano de 2007, classificadas de acordo com as receitas auferidas, catalogadas pela Revista Exame – edição 2008. As variáveis eleitas para esse fim foram a liquidez geral, a rentabilidade, o tamanho da empresa, e o EBITDA (earnings before interests, taxes, depreciation and amortization). A abordagem metodológica é quantitativa, por meio da aplicação de regressão múltipla para explicar a influência das variáveis selecionadas na estrutura de capitais das empresas pesquisadas. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que os fatores: índice de liquidez geral, rentabilidade e EBITDA são fatores relevantes que influenciam o grau de endividamento das organizações selecionadas para análise, enquanto o tamanho da empresa não teve significância estatística suficiente para demonstrar tal relação.
Fusão Itaú-Unibanco: Uma Análise da Situação Econômico-Financeira antes e após a Reorganização Societária
Authors: Zimermann Poeta Karina , Melo de Souza Maíra , Dal Ri Murcia Fernando
Published: December 2021

O presente estudo objetiva analisar os reflexos da fusão entre os bancos Itaú e Unibanco na situação econômico-financeira dessas instituições financeiras. Para isto, analisaram-se as demonstrações financeiras dessas empresas ex ante, isto é, Itaú e Unibanco isoladamente e ex post, ou seja, da Holding Itaú-Unibanco. A idéia foi justamente comparar a situação econômico-financeira dos bancos antes e após a fusão de modo a verificar se essa provocou alterações relevantes na (i) solvência e liquidez, no (ii) capital e risco e (iii) na rentabilidade e lucratividade. Dentre os principais resultados das análises destacaram-se: (i) houve uma redução no retorno sobre os capital investido, (ii) um aumento no imobilização do capital próprio, (iii) a taxa de reinvestimento do lucro passou a ser menor após a fusão, (iv) houve um aumento no nível de liquidez imediata e encaixe voluntário e (v) pequena redução na margem de lucro. De certa forma, tais resultados indicam que os ganhos de sinergia decorrentes da fusão entre os dois bancos ainda não estão refletidos na situação econômico-financeira da holding, o que de certa forma já era esperado haja vista que tais efeitos tendem a ser percebidos geralmente a longo prazo. Finalmente, é mister ressaltar que a análise fica restrita as limitações da técnica de análise de balanços, sendo fortemente influenciada também pelos impactos da crise financeira mundial de 2008.
Impactos da Substituição Tributária do ICMS na lucratividade e nos custos empresariais
Authors: Biava Júnior Roberto , Oyadomari José Carlos Tiomatsu
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo a compreensão prática da adoção e contabilização da sistemática de tributação da substituição tributária do ICMS, e análise dos principais impactos desta forma de tributação na lucratividade e nos custos empresariais, tendo como contribuições: (i) aos empresários, a ampliação do conhecimento sobre os impactos da substituição tributária na lucratividade e nos custos empresariais; (ii) ao governo (e legisladores), o conhecimento de quais os efeitos deste tipo de tributação nos agentes econômicos empresariais; (iii) aos estudantes e pesquisadores, uma contribuição didática no conhecimento deste fenômeno, para que se possibilite o desenvolvimento de pesquisas futuras em entidades e setores econômicos. Em relação à metodologia, propõe a análise de casos didáticos simulados para o entendimento dos impactos financeiros da substituição tributária nas empresas, através da proposição de três modelos, desenvolvidos pelos autores com base na legislação tributária vigente. Após a análise de casos didáticos simulados, concluiu-se que com a utilização da técnica de substituição tributária do ICMS em determinados produtos e setores econômicos: (i) há aumento de custos tributários com diminuição da margem bruta das empresas deste setor econômico, quando a base de cálculo da substituição tributária for maior que o preço efetivo ao consumidor; (ii) há um desembolso antecipado, que afeta o fluxo de caixa e a necessidade de capital de giro e aumenta o custo financeiro e custo de oportunidade do capital das empresas; (iii) há um aumento da carga tributária, pela falta de “tratamento tributário diferenciado”, para as empresas do Simples Nacional (microempresas e empresas de pequeno porte) que comercializem produtos sob a sistemática da substituição tributária. Ao final, três recomendações foram sugeridas pelos autores, com o intuito de aprimorar a legislação tributária nestes três aspectos: (i) a legislação tributária deve prever o ressarcimento da diferença do imposto pago a maior (se base de cálculo da substituição tributária for maior que o preço ao consumidor final praticado); (ii) a legislação deve prever prazos de pagamentos mais longos, que recomponham os prejuízos financeiros (para reequilibrar o fluxo de caixa e a necessidade de capital de giro das empresas); (iii) a legislação tributária deve atribuir um crédito fiscal especial aos microempresários (Simples Nacional) ou não deveria lhes ser aplicável a substituição tributária.
A TRIBUTAÇÃO NA ERA DA RESPONSABILIDADE FISCAL: DESAFIOS E ESTRATÉGIAS
Authors: Dias Filho José Maria
Published: December 2021

Partindo do princípio de que a eficácia do sistema tributário não depende apenas de sua configuração legal, mas também de estratégias que viabilizem a captação de receitas com critérios de justiça e respeito à cidadania, o presente trabalho aponta alguns desafios que recaem sobre a Administração Tributária no contexto da Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal. Em paralelo, apresentam-se alguns mecanismos que podem ser utilizados para que a máquina arrecadadora se torne mais eficiente e menos onerosa para a sociedade. Conclui-se que muitos defeitos atribuídos ao sistema tributário, tais como má distribuição do ônus fiscal entre os contribuintes e interferência excessiva no funcionamento da economia, estão associados à fragilidade dos mecanismos de gestão utilizados pelo próprio sistema. As deficiências mais pronunciadas relacionam-se com a prevenção de riscos de sonegação e com o estímulo ao cumprimento voluntário das obrigações fiscais. Nesse cenário, o Estado torna-se cada vez mais dependente de fontes já sacrificadas, como os assalariados, e de artifícios igualmente cômodos, porém pouco adequados sob o ponto de vista da economia, a exemplo da CPMF.
Ranking dos Legislativos Locais na Construção da Accountability: um Estudo a partir dos Portais Eletrônicos de Municípios de Santa Catarina
Authors: Raupp Fabiano Maury , Pinho José Antonio Gomes de
Published: December 2021

O artigo faz uma análise de 93 portais eletrônicos de câmaras municipais do Estado de Santa Catarina com o objetivo de propor um ranking em termos de construção da accountability, representada, neste estudo, pela construção de condições de prestação de contas, transparência e participação. A pesquisa é descritiva, realizada por meio de um estudo de levantamento, com abordagem predominantemente qualitativa. Na coleta de dados foi utilizado o protocolo de observação, que teve por objetivo verificar nos portais eletrônicos de câmaras municipais a ocorrência dos indicadores de prestação de contas, transparência e participação do modelo de análise proposto por Raupp e Pinho (2012). As observações nos portais para identificar os indicadores foram realizadas em dezembro de 2010, e janeiro e fevereiro de 2011. A proposição do ranking baseou-se no grau decrescente de condições de construção das três dimensões analisadas: prestação de contas, transparência e participação. Os resultados da pesquisa empírica mostram, com pouquíssimas exceções (Criciúma, Florianópolis, Joinville, Canoinhas, Chapecó, Rio do Sul, São José, Timbó e Xanxerê), evidências de que os portais eletrônicos não são utilizados como tecnologia de promoção da accountability. O ranking construído evidencia que, de maneira geral, há uma ausência de construção de accountability, visto que os portais eletrônicos de câmaras municipais do Estado de Santa Catarina são, atualmente, instrumentos com nula ou baixa capacidade, servindo, na sua maioria, como murais eletrônicos.
Natural Amino Acid L‐Phenylalanine Coordinated Zirconocene Complex as Bifunctional Catalyst for the Synthesis of 1,5‐Benzothiazepines
Authors: Yang Mingming , Guo Yingying , Zhang Xue‐Peng , Sun Huaming , Wang Yanyan , Zhang Weiqiang , Wu Ya , Jian Yajun , Gao Ziwei
Published: December 2021

Taken the synthesis of 1,5‐benzothiazepines via the condensation between o‐aminothiophenol with ynones as a paradigm, novel mode of IVB metal based bifunctional catalysis in Lewis acidic‐Brønsted basic (LA‐BB) mode, as well as the effective evidence for how the two catalytic sites interact with substrates has been realized and provided respectively. Specifically, the bifunctional catalyst Cp2Zr[OCOCH(NH2)CH2C6H5]2 was formed through in situ coordination between Cp2ZrCl2 and natural amino acid L‐phenylalanine, which was elucidated by 1H NMR experiment and ESI‐MS analysis. Further control experiment reveals that the excellent catalytic efficiency can attribute to coexistence of Zr (IV) center and Brønsted basic NH2 group contained amino acid ligand. More importantly, with the aid of in situ ESI‐MS, the first catalyst‐substrate adduct for IVB metallocene (IV) catalyst was detected, indicating the Lewis acidic catalytic mode of Zr (IV) center on O atom of ynone. Meanwhile, DFT studies indicated that the true catalytic species presumably be zirconocene (IV) bearing both a bidentate and mono‐dentate carboxylate ligand.
Direct Electromembrane Extraction‐Based Mass Spectrometry: A Tool for Studying Drug Metabolism Properties of Liver Organoids
Authors: Skottvoll Frøydis Sved , Aizenshtadt Aleksandra , Hansen Frederik André , Martinez Mikel Amirola , Andersen Jannike Mørch , Bogen Inger Lise , Kutter Jörg P. , Pedersen‐Bjergaard Stig , Lundanes Elsa , Krauss Stefan , Wilson Steven Ray
Published: December 2021

This work introduces a strategy for organoid analysis ‐ direct Electromembrane Extraction based Mass Spectrometry (dEME‐MS) – for coupling liver organoids with mass spectrometry (MS). dEME‐MS comprises electrophoresis of selected small molecules from a culture chamber across an oil membrane, and to a MS compatible solution. This enables clean micro‐extraction of drugs and their metabolites as produced in the liver organoids to capillary liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Applying dEME‐MS, proof‐of‐concept of directly measuring methadone metabolism is demonstrated on adult liver organoids. With 50 liver organoids and 1 μM methadone, methadone metabolism was monitored from 0 to 24 hours (11 time points). All analytes had <0.4 % variance in retention times with >100 measurements. dEME‐MS is capable of automated and selective monitoring of drug metabolism in liver organoids, and could serve as a valuable tool for automated drug discovery efforts.
Two tetranuclear Cu2Ln2 (Ln = Dy, Tb) heterometallic complexes: Structure, solution behavior, and magnetic properties
Authors: Yu Shui , Zhang Qin‐Hua , Zhu Jingru , Wei Fengli , Liu Dongcheng , Hu Huancheng , Zou Hua‐Hong , Liang Yuning , Liang Fupei , Chen Zilu
Published: December 2021

Two tetranuclear 3d–4f heterometallic complexes [Cu2Ln2(NO3)4(OAc)2L4] (Ln = Dy 1, Tb 2) were obtained under solvothermal reactions of 1‐amino‐propan‐2‐ol (HL) with [Cu2(OAc)4(H2O)2] and Ln (NO3)3·5H2O. The structural analyses confirmed a centrosymmetric Z‐shaped skeleton for them with the peripheral positions occupied by two Cu (II) ions. The neighboring two lanthanide ions, as well as the neighboring ions of Ln (III) and Cu (II), are all double‐bridged through two O atoms. The detailed dynamic magnetic investigation showed slow magnetic relaxation behaviors for both complexes with an energy barrier of 1.35(2) and 2.02(4) K for 1 and 2, respectively. Furthermore, it revealed from the electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) that complexes 1 and 2 easily undergo dimerization in solution.
Ground penetrating radar surveys in the archaeological area of Augusta Bagiennorum: Comparisons between geophysical and archaeological campaigns
Authors: Colombero Chiara , Comina Cesare , Rocchietti Deborah , Garbarino Gian Battista , Sambuelli Luigi
Published: December 2021

Geophysical methods, and particularly ground penetrating radar (GPR), have been increasingly applied as a preliminary mapping tool to guide archaeological excavations. Direct comparisons between geophysical and archaeological features are however not always systematically performed given the different time spans, covered areas, acquisition and processing approaches of the surveys. A critical comparison between geophysical and archaeological results is here proposed on a test site within the archaeological area of Augusta Bagiennorum (NW Italy). Three rectangular sectors covering an area of approximately 2325 m2 were investigated with high‐density GPR profiles and compared with both historical and new archaeological excavations. The GPR amplitude and attribute analyses highlight the effectiveness of geophysical prospections in identifying buried linear (i.e., walls) and localized (e.g., pillars or columns) archaeological remains. The recent archaeological excavations fully confirm the interpretation of the GPR results. Historical archaeological trenches, filled with coarse material after the excavation, are also found to generate strong anomalies in the GPR amplitude, similar to the ones of the buried structures, but with irregular contours and oblique orientations with respect to Roman remains. The GPR prospections also highlight interesting buried elements in unexplored areas, supporting important archaeological interpretations about the spatial configuration of the Roman city. The results help to recognize sectors with significant and well‐preserved buried remains that can be brought to light in the future to promote heritage conservation and enhancement at the site.
Internet of things‐enabled photomultiplier tube‐ and smartphone‐based electrochemiluminescence platform to detect choline and dopamine using 3D‐printed closed bipolar electrodes
Authors: Bhaiyya Manish , Kulkarni Madhusudan B. , Pattnaik Prasant Kumar , Goel Sanket
Published: December 2021

There is a growing demand to realize low‐cost miniaturized point‐of‐care testing diagnostic devices capable of performing many analytical assays. To fabricate such devices, three‐dimensional printing (3DP)‐based fabrication techniques provide a turnkey approach with marked precision and accuracy. Here, a 3DP fabrication technique was successfully utilized to fabricate closed bipolar electrode‐based electrochemiluminescence (ECL) devices using conductive graphene filament. Furthermore, using these ECL devices, Ru(bpy)32+/TPrA‐ and luminol/H2O2‐based electrochemistry was leveraged to sense dopamine and choline respectively. For ECL signal capture, two distinct approaches were used, first a smartphone‐based miniaturized platform and the second with a photomultiplier tube embedded with the internet of things technology. Choline sensing led to a linear range 5–700 μM and 30–700 μM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.25 μM (R2 = 0.98, N = 3) and 3.27 μM (R2 = 0.97, N = 3). Furthermore, dopamine sensing was achieved in a linear range 0.5–100 μM with an LOD = 2 μM (R2 = 0.99, N = 3) and LOD = 0.33 μM (R2 = 0.98, N = 3). Overall, the fabricated devices have the potential to be utilized effectively in real‐time applications such as point‐of‐care testing.
A highly selective fluorescence and absorption sensor for rapid recognition and detection of Cu2+ ions in aqueous solution and film
Authors: Zhong Tianyuan , Jiang Nan , Li Chen , Wang Guang
Published: December 2021

A fluorescence and absorption chemosensor (SAAT) based on 5‐(hydroxymethyl)‐salicylaldehyde (SA) and o‐aminothiophenol (AT) was designed and synthesized. SAAT in DMSO–HEPES (20.0 mM, v/v, 1:99, pH = 7.0) solution shows a highly selective and sensitive absorption and an ‘on–off’ fluorescence response to Cu2+ ions in aqueous solutions over all other competitive metal ions including Na+, Ag+, Ba2+, Ca2+, Cd2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Cr3+, Al3+, Hg2+, K+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Sr2+, Tb3+ and Co2+. SAAT exhibits ratiometric absorption sensing ability for Cu2+ ions. Importantly, SAAT also can sense Cu2+ ions using fluorescence quenching, the fluorescence intensity of SAAT showed a good linear relationship with Cu2+ concentration, and the detection limit of Cu2+ was 0.34 μM. The results of Job's plot, Benesi–Hildebrand plot, mass spectra, and density functional theory calculations confirmed that the selective absorption and fluorescence response were attributed to the formation of a 1:1 complex between SAAT and Cu2+. SAAT in test film could identify Cu2+ in water samples using the intuitive fluorescence colour change under a UV lamp. SAAT has great application value as a selective and sensitive chemosensor to discriminate and detect Cu2+ ions.
Curcuma longa and curcumin affect respiratory and allergic disorders, experimental and clinical evidence: A comprehensive and updated review
Authors: Memarzia Arghavan , Saadat Saeideh , Behrouz Sepideh , Boskabady Mohammad Hossein
Published: December 2021

Curcuma longa and its constituents, mainly curcumin, showed various of pharmacological effects in previous studies. This review article provides updated and comprehensive experimental and clinical evidence regarding the effects of C. longa and curcumin on respiratory, allergic, and immunologic disorders. Using appropriate keywords, databases including PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus were searched until the end of October 2021. C. longa extracts and its constituent, curcumin, showed the relaxant effect on tracheal smooth muscle, which indicates their bronchodilatory effect in obstructive pulmonary diseases. The preventive effects of extracts of C. longa and curcumin were shown in experimental animal models of different respiratory diseases through antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti‐inflammatory mechanisms. C. longa and curcumin also showed preventive effects on some lung disorders in the clinical studies. It was shown that the effects of C. longa on pulmonary diseases were mainly due to its constituent, curcumin. Pharmacological effects of C. longa extracts and curcumin on respiratory, allergic, and immunologic disorders indicate the possible therapeutic effect of the plant and curcumin on these diseases.
The impact of symptom screening on survival among patients with cancer across varying levels of pre‐diagnosis psychiatric care
Authors: Sutradhar Rinku , Li Qing , Kurdyak Paul , Barbera Lisa
Published: December 2021

Background

Patients diagnosed with cancer often experience considerable challenges with mental health, and those who had more intense psychiatric care prior to their cancer diagnosis have a higher risk of mortality. As prior research demonstrated a survival benefit among patients screened for symptoms using the Edmonton symptom assessment system (ESAS), this study aims to examine the association between being ESAS‐screened and the risk of mortality across varying intensity levels of pre‐diagnosis psychiatric care utilization.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective matched cohort study using population‐wide administrative databases. All patients diagnosed with cancer in Ontario, Canada, from January 2007 to December 2015 were identified. Propensity score matching was used to pair ESAS‐screened individuals to those not screened. Pairs were also hard matched on a pre‐diagnosis psychiatric care utilization gradient. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was implemented to estimate the association between ESAS and mortality, for each intensity level of pre‐diagnosis psychiatric care.

Results

The matched cohort consisted of 119,806 patient pairs (ESAS‐screened and not screened), of whom 54,468 (45.5%) pairs had prior outpatient psychiatric care and 2249 (1.8%) pairs had experienced emergency department visits or had been hospitalized for psychiatric care. Overall being exposed to ESAS was significantly associated with a 51% decrease in the hazard of mortality (HR 0.49, 95%CI 0.48–0.50, p‐value <0.0001). This association was similar across all levels of prior psychiatric use, however, there was no evidence of a differential impact.

Conclusion

In addition to routinely monitoring symptom severity, including depression, among patients with cancer, it is also important to identify those with preexisting psychiatric comorbidities at the time of diagnosis. This information can be used to ensure that timely and appropriate psycho‐oncology services and psycho‐social supports are offered to help the patient and their family cope during the cancer disease trajectory.
Effects of group logotherapy on mood and function of locally advanced prostate cancer patients
Authors: Arefpour Amir Mohammad , Mahdavi Hoda
Published: December 2021

Patients with prostate cancer who receive systemic androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and local treatments have a high likelihood to experience depression, anxiety and fatigue. The present study aimed to determine the effects of Frankl's group logotherapy sessions on alleviating these symptoms in individuals with moderate‐ to high‐risk prostate cancer who were receiving pelvic radiotherapy. A quasi‐experimental study with pretest–post‐test was conducted in which 30 patients were assigned either to the experimental (n = 15) or to the control (n = 15) group. The implicated research instruments were as follows: Beck's Depression Inventory, Beck's Anxiety Inventory, Okayama et al.’s Cancer Fatigue Scale and Luthans' Psychological Capital Questionnaire. The results of the ANCOVA showed that logotherapy significantly affected anxiety (F = 42.51, p < 0.001), depression (F = 39.36, p < 0.001), cancer fatigue (F = 16.54, p < 0.001) and psychological capital (F = 39.86, p < 0.001) in the experimental group compared to the control group, indicating that logotherapy sessions with an emphasis on meanings, aims and values of life, when accompanied by peer interaction, can improve mood and function as well as contributing to positive psychological capital in intermediate and high‐risk prostate cancer patients during their treatments.
The role of fatty acid amide hydrolase enzyme inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Jain Smita , Bisht Akansha , Verma Kanika , Negi Swarnima , Paliwal Sarvesh , Sharma Swapnil
Published: December 2021

Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is a prominent enzyme of the endocannabinoid system that degrades endogenous cannabinoid anandamide and oleamide. These lipid amides are involved in reducing neuroinflammation, pain and regulation of other neurological‐related activities including feeding behaviours, sleep patterns, body temperature, memory processes and locomotory activity. Many of these activities are affected in most neurological disorders. Increased levels of brain FAAH expressions are speculated to correlate with decreased levels of lipid amides and increased AD‐related symptoms. Thus, inhibition of FAAH shows promising potential in amelioration of symptoms associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The review aims at establishing the detrimental role of increased FAAH expression in AD and highlights the translational potential and therapeutic application of FAAH inhibitors in AD.
State‐level coordination for community college student success
Authors: Godin Eric , Bishop Brandon
Published: December 2021

Higher education governance of community colleges is understudied. Driving an increased focus on community college coordination and oversight at the state level are the role of access from dual enrollment to adult learners, the need to smooth the transfer function of community colleges, jobs requiring educational attainment beyond high school, and reorganization of higher education governance to assist in achieving state attainment goals. This article addresses three topics relevant to state‐level governance of community colleges. First, it explains the various types of state‐level community college coordination (e.g., governing, coordination, association). Second, it highlights results from a State Higher Education Executive Officers Association's (SHEEO) survey on the functions of state‐level community college governing boards, coordinating boards, and associations. Third, it offers conclusions from the survey results and suggestions for action by community college practitioners and researchers.
Building community college federal advocacy
Authors: Baime David
Published: December 2021

This chapter describes and documents anticipated areas of federal community college advocacy. Changes in Congressional behavior are described with specific illustrations of federal legislation, specifically the Higher Education Act. Discussion on the role of the college president and CEO in advocacy focuses on the role of the president and the necessity to be vocal in federal relations. The article offers anticipated issues community college leaders need to be aware of including federal student aid, outcomes and return‐on‐investment, workforce education, innovation and institutional regulation, and the role of community colleges in civic education and cultural awareness. The chapter serves as a capstone for the volume and call to action for community college federal advocacy.
Modelling and optimization of the extrusion process in a snack of barley/corn and nutritional evaluation of the optimized product
Authors: Román‐Gutiérrez Alma Delia , Barrera‐Barrera Diana Isela , Morales‐Sánchez Eduardo , Castro‐Rosas Javier , Gómez‐Aldapa Carlos Alberto , Falfán‐Cortés Reyna Nallely , Rodríguez‐Marín Maria Luisa , Guzmán‐Ortiz Fabiola Araceli
Published: December 2021

Background and objectives

Most of the snacks in the market contain a single cereal and show nutritional deficiencies. The aim of the study was to optimize the conditions of the extrusion process for a snack with barley/corn mix and their physicochemical evaluation, amino acid content, protein digestibility, and resistant starch as a healthy snack.

Findings

The regression model indicated that the variables water absorption index, water solubility index, and hardness can be explained by the models. Expansion index showed no significant effect. The optimal conditions of the process of extrusion were feed moisture 38%, die temperature 130°C, and barley/corn mix 50:50. An unflavored snack with 392.11 kcal/100 g was obtained, considering it is flavored, its estimated energy contribution is around of 446.11 kcal/100 g. The concentration of essential amino acids in the extrudate meets the requirements established by FAO/WHO/UNU for children and adolescents. Protein digestibility increased and the content of available and resistant starch was reduced.

Conclusions

The optimal conditions of extrusion allowed to obtain an alternative snack with the essential amino acid requirements and higher protein digestibility.

Significance and novelty

The combination of two cereals allows to supplement the requirement of essential amino acids and greater protein digestibility.
Coalescence of Inner Water Droplets in Double Emulsions Due to Surfactant Transport through Oil
Authors: Leister Nico , Pfaff Daniel , Karbstein Heike Petra
Published: December 2021

Double emulsions of the water‐in‐oil‐in‐water type are promising encapsulation and delivery systems containing at least one hydrophilic and one lipophilic surfactant. Currently, there are still very few implementations on the market, as these systems are subject to extreme stability problems. This study focuses on stability problems induced by the transport of hydrophilic surfactant molecules through the lipophilic phase to the encapsulated inner water droplets. In particular, a model system was developed to quantify surfactant transport and resulting effects on the coalescence of encapsulated water droplets. Changes in stability of the inner water droplets are demonstrated for different surfactants and compared to the stability of the inner water‐in‐oil emulsions and corresponding double emulsions.
Improving the accuracy of random forest‐based land‐use classification using fused images and digital surface models produced via different interpolation methods
Authors: Akar Alper
Published: December 2021

Land‐use maps produced with high accuracy are extremely important as a basis for better use of the land as they are widely utilized in many areas such as agricultural policies, natural resources management, and environmental operations. This study aimed to produce a high accuracy land‐use map using digital surface models (DSMs) produced using different interpolation methods and a random forest (RF) classifier. High spatial resolution Triplesat‐2 images, Worldview‐2 (WV‐2) images, and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images were used in this study. First, DSMs were produced from the point cloud using different interpolation methods. The image fusion process was applied and these fused images were classified using an RF classifier together with the DSMs. Overall results showed that the DSM obtained by the kriging method yielded better results than the other methods by increasing the classification accuracy by 7%–13%. In addition, the McNemar test was applied to the images resulting from the classification of fused images with and without using DSMs to investigate the statistical significance of the differences. McNemar test demonstrated that the values were greater than 3.84, which revealed that the DSM produced via kriging interpolation had significantly increased the classification accuracy at a 95% confidence interval.
Comparing the dietary niche overlap and ecomorphological differences between invasive Hemidactylus mabouia geckos and a native gecko competitor
Authors: Lamb April D. , Lippi Catherine A. , Watkins‐Colwell Gregory J. , Jones Andrew , Warren Dan L. , Iglesias Teresa L. , Brandley Matthew C. , Dornburg Alex
Published: December 2021

Hemidactylus mabouia is one of the most successful, widespread invasive reptile species and has become ubiquitous across tropical urban settings in the Western Hemisphere. Its ability to thrive in close proximity to humans has been linked to the rapid disappearance of native geckos. However, aspects of Hemidactylus mabouia natural history and ecomorphology, often assumed to be linked with this effect on native populations, remain understudied or untested. Here, we combine data from ∂15N and ∂13C stable isotopes, stomach contents, and morphometric analyses of traits associated with feeding and locomotion to test alternate hypotheses of displacement between H. mabouia and a native gecko, Phyllodactylus martini, on the island of Curaçao. We demonstrate substantial overlap of invertebrate prey resources between the species, with H. mabouia stomachs containing larger arthropod prey as well as vertebrate prey. We additionally show that H. mabouia possesses several morphological advantages, including larger sizes in feeding‐associated traits and limb proportions that could offer a propulsive locomotor advantage on vertical surfaces. Together, these findings provide the first support for the hypotheses that invasive H. mabouia and native P. martini overlap in prey resources and that H. mabouia possess ecomorphological advantages over P. martini. This work provides critical context for follow‐up studies of H. mabouia and P. martini natural history and direct behavioral experiments that may ultimately illuminate the mechanisms underlying displacement on this island and act as a potential model for other systems with Hemidactylus mabouia invasions.
Sympatrically breeding congeneric seabirds (Stercorarius spp.) from Arctic Canada migrate to four oceans
Authors: Harrison Autumn‐Lynn , Woodard Paul F. , Mallory Mark L. , Rausch Jennie
Published: December 2021

Polar systems of avian migration remain unpredictable. For seabirds nesting in the Nearctic, it is often difficult to predict which of the world's oceans birds will migrate to after breeding. Here, we report on three related seabird species that migrated across four oceans following sympatric breeding at a central Canadian high Arctic nesting location. Using telemetry, we tracked pomarine jaeger (Stercorarius pomarinus, n = 1) across the Arctic Ocean to the western Pacific Ocean; parasitic jaeger (S. parasiticus, n = 4) to the western Atlantic Ocean, and long‐tailed jaeger (S. longicaudus, n = 2) to the eastern Atlantic Ocean and western Indian Ocean. We also report on extensive nomadic movements over ocean during the postbreeding period (19,002 km) and over land and ocean during the prebreeding period (5578 km) by pomarine jaeger, an irruptive species whose full migrations and nomadic behavior have been a mystery. While the small sample sizes in our study limit the ability to make generalizable inferences, our results provide a key input to the knowledge of jaeger migrations. Understanding the routes and migratory divides of birds nesting in the Arctic region has implications for understanding both the glacial refugia of the past and the Anthropocene‐driven changes in the future.
Assessment of drivers of spatial genetic variation of a ground‐dwelling bird species and its implications for conservation
Authors: Kunz Florian , Klinga Peter , Sittenthaler Marcia , Schebeck Martin , Stauffer Christian , Grünschachner‐Berger Veronika , Hackländer Klaus , Nopp‐Mayr Ursula
Published: December 2021

In modern wildlife ecology, spatial population genetic methods are becoming increasingly applied. Especially for animal species in fragmented landscapes, preservation of gene flow becomes a high priority target in order to restore genetic diversity and prevent local extinction. Within Central Europe, the Alps represent the core distribution area of the black grouse, Lyrurus tetrix. At its easternmost Alpine range, events of subpopulation extinction have already been documented in the past decades. Molecular data combined with spatial analyses can help to assess landscape effects on genetic variation and therefore can be informative for conservation management. Here, we addressed whether the genetic pattern of the easternmost Alpine black grouse metapopulation system is driven by isolation by distance or isolation by resistance. Correlative ecological niche modeling was used to assess geographic distances and landscape resistances. We then applied regression‐based approaches combined with population genetic analyses based on microsatellite data to disentangle effects of isolation by distance and isolation by resistance among individuals and subpopulations. Although population genetic analyses revealed overall low levels of genetic differentiation, the ecological niche modeling showed subpopulations to be clearly delimited by habitat structures. Spatial genetic variation could be attributed to effects of isolation by distance among individuals and isolation by resistance among subpopulations, yet unknown effects might factor in. The easternmost subpopulation was the most differentiated, and at the same time, immigration was not detected; hence, its long‐term survival might be threatened. Our study provides valuable insights into the spatial genetic variation of this small‐scale metapopulation system of Alpine black grouse.