bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-parameter optimization of brake of piston
Authors: Horváth Adam , Oldal Istvan , Kalácska Gabor , Andó Matyas
Published: October 2016

The aim of this study is to define optimal construction of brake piston (material, seal position) in caliper. Stress level and distribution, deformation and weight were examined to find optimal thickness where seal position (seal in caliper, seal in piston) was changed. Three materials were examined in finite element software (2D axisymmetric model): aluminium alloy (3.4335), steel (1.0039) and titanium alloy (3.7165). Pistons parameter tested: diameter 44 mm, height 29 mm, If the material is aluminium alloy the wall thickness is 2.69 mm, in case of steel the thickness is 4.02 mm when the seal is in the groove of piston. When the piston material is titanium alloy, the wall thickness is 0.8 mm having the seal in the caliper. The weight is critical issue in brake systems, so, the optimal wall thickness defines then piston weight. Weight of aluminium alloy is 0.045 kg, weight of steel is 0.153 kg and weight of titanium alloy is 0.047 kg. These weights show that aluminium alloy piston offer the lightest construction in case of maximum pressure 15 MPa.
Characterization of surface morphology and its correlation with friction performance of brake pads
Authors: Neis Patric Daniel , Ferreira Ney Francisco , Sukumaran Jacob , De Baets Patrick , Ando Matyas , Matozo L.T. , Masotti D.
Published: October 2016

The present work presents the morphology evolution of a brake material surface submitted to braking tests through a laboratory-scale tribometer. Optical microscope images of the material’s surface were obtained for every 10 braking operations. These images were post-processed in appropriate computational software. By means of the image segmentation technique, morphological parameters related to the brake material surface were estimated. The wear rate and also the coefficient of friction resulting from the tests were measured. For the NAO material used in this study, the friction behaviour revealed to be strongly associated with the amount of contact plateaus. Besides, the mean area of the contact plateaus was the main factor responsible for increasing the real contact area of the friction material. The higher wear rate observed in the first braking operations can be mainly attributed to the higher surface roughness measured in this condition. As the braking operations progress, the plateaus becomes flatter and wear rate is reduced. Finally, the image segmentation technique proved adequate for investigating morphological aspects in friction material surface.
SCAD Journal Volume 6, Issue 2
Authors: Hertelé Stijn
Published: October 2016

SCAD Journal Volume 6, Issue 2, First pages
Use of Tekscan pressure sensors for measuring contact pressures in the human knee joint
Authors: Herregodts Stijn , De Baets Patrick , Victor Jan , Verstraete Matthias
Published: October 2016

The Tekscan pressure sensor is a common instrument to quantify in vitro tibiofemoral and patellofemoral contact pressures, which helps to understand the impact of surgical intervention such as total knee arthroplasty (TKA). As a result of the non-linear behavior of the sensor, the conditioning, normalization and calibration of the sensor are critical to achieve correct measurements. In this paper, a literature review is presented that provides insight in the correct use of these sensors, resulting in optimal accuracy. To guarantee the repeatability of the measurements, a secure and correct fixation of the sensor in the joint is required. Using the sensor for intra-articular measurements induces several unintended effects, which potentially lower the accuracy of the measurement. First, the uneven surface can result in wrinkling and destruction of the sensor, in turn leading to measurement results that can be corrupted. Second, the presence of shear forces on the sensor can lead to wear of the sensor and reduction in sensitivity with loss of accuracy as a result. Also the fixation method can worsen the accuracy. In literature, a deterioration of the accuracy from 3% under optimal conditions to errors of more than 50% are reported as a result of the aforementioned effects.
Computational modeling of a dynamic knee simulator
Authors: De Coninck Stijn , Smis Jeroen , Victor Jan , De Baets Patrick , Verstraete Matthias
Published: October 2016

Knee replacement surgery has made a huge evolution during the past decades. For further improvements of knee arthroplasty, dynamic knee simulators are used for fully instrumented ex-vivo tests. This paper provides a closer look at the validation of the rig. Therefore, a hinge model is constructed, resulting in an unambiguous evaluating method. The actual position of the ankle and the reaction forces at the ankle are measured and compared with the simulations. The results indicate an excellent agreement between the outcome of the numerical simulations and the measured values. The kinematics and kinetics of the rig are accordingly considered as validated. In the future, the behaviour of a more realistic knee representation will be evaluated.
A methodology to develop a patient-specific 3D musculoskeletal model based on MRI, ground reaction forces and motion capture data
Authors: Van Branteghem Arnaud , Victor Jan , De Baets Patrick , Verstraete Matthias
Published: October 2016

The well-documented dissatisfaction of patients with the results of their total knee replacement surgery has been the incentive for deeper research into the optimisation of knee prostheses. One way to optimise total knee replacements is to develop patient-specific 3D musculoskeletal models, enabling a better understanding of the kinematics and kinetics affecting the lower limbs of the patient. This paper suggests a particular methodology to build such personalised models, by implementing data of additional measurement systems. MRI scanning ensures a morphological match between the model and the patient. Additionally, ground reaction force measurements coupled with motion capture provide the kinematic input. A squat test was performed to illustrate the usefulness of the data obtained through the force plates. The combination of this data into the 3D models allows for a more precise calculation and simulation of knee joints. This will ultimately improve the quality of prosthesis testing in a knee-rig setup by providing more accurate boundary conditions.
SCAD Journal Volume 6, Issue 3
Authors: Hertelé Stijn
Published: October 2016

SCAD Journal Volume 6, Issue 3, First pages
Characterization of slip lines in single edge notched tension specimens
Authors: Van Gerven Filip , De Waele Wim , Belato Rosado Diego , Hertelé Stijn
Published: October 2016

The application of slip line analysis in weld failure assessment has not gained much attention to date. The presented research aims to predict slip line patterns taking into account the complex heterogeneous structure of the weld. A preliminary study based on Single Edge Notched Tension (SENT) test results sampling pure base material, i.e. not containing any welds is conducted to assess the impact of side grooves on slip line behaviour and to validate slip line theory and finite element analysis.
Testing methodologies for corrosion fatigue
Authors: Delmotte Edward , Micone Nahuel , De Waele Wim
Published: October 2016

Offshore constructions are subjected to cyclic loading conditions. This situation is combined with the corrosive nature of the surrounding environment. It is of actual concern whether the combined effect ismore damaging or not than the superposition of each effect independently. This literature review first introduces the reader to corrosion fatigue. Thereafter a critical comparison of some typical lab-scale fatigue corrosion test setups is given. Special emphasis is devoted to the instrumentation of the setup. This is followed by a design criteria summary which will be used to design a new corrosion fatigue test set-up for evaluating the fatigue properties of steel components in sea water environment.
Low temperature tensile properties of line pipe steels
Authors: Tubex Harold , Van Minnebruggen Koen , De Waele Wim
Published: October 2016

Given the expected increase in Arctic oil and gas exploitation, there is a demand for high-strength line pipe steels able to cope with the Arctic climate. The state-of-the-art of the tensile properties of API 5L steels at low temperatures is reviewed and discussed. Well-known characteristics such as an increase in strength and Young’s modulus with decreasing temperatures are confirmed. The Y/T ratio is fairly unaffected by changes in temperature. Lüders elongation manifests itself at low temperatures where the Lüders plateau tends to increase. Conflicting statements about the relation between ductility and temperature were found. Altogether, quantifiable test results are scarce, especially for the high strength grades from API 5L X90 grade onwards. The urgent need for more tensile strength and ductility data of these steels at low temperatures is stated and defended.
Registration process for real-time evaluation in biomedical application
Authors: Vancouillie T. , Victor Jan , De Baets Patrick , Verstraete Matthias , Herregodts Stijn
Published: October 2016

The study of knee kinematics is used to analyse joint disorders, design of prosthetic devices, impact of surgical treatments and in general the study of the locomotion. In order to allow researchers to immediately visualise and interpret the influence of certain changes during tests and between different test setups, a testing procedure that allows on-line evaluation of knee kinematics, based on the principles of computer assisted navigation surgery, is established. A major challenge for this evaluation method is to identify the position of the bone relative to the attached markers prior to testing. In order to deal with this challenge a registration process is introduced. The theoretical derivation and optimisation of this registration process is derived and afterwards applied to a practical testing environment.
Experimental investigation of the weldability of high strength aluminium using friction spot welding
Authors: Kolba T. , Faes Koen , De Waele Wim
Published: October 2016

Friction spot welding is a technique for joining lightweight aluminium and magnesium alloys in the overlap configuration by means of frictional heat and mechanical work and has a high potential for industrial applications. As this is a very recent technique, little information is available regarding the evaluation and optimisation of process parameters for specific material combinations. The process has been used to investigate the weldability of the high strength aluminium alloy EN AW-7475-T761, aiming to produce high quality joints in terms of mechanical performance and microstructure. More specific, the influence of the plunge depth, rotation speed and welding time was investigated. The paper first shortly describes the process and continues with the results of the microhardness, static tensile and optical microscopy tests.
PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF SULFASALAZINE LOADED SODIUM ALGINATE MICROBEADS FOR SUSTAINED DELIVERY
Authors: Sailaja A Krishna , Mattam Jyothika
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: The main objective of the work was to prepare and evaluate sulfasalazine loaded sodium alginate microbeads for sustained delivery for
the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Sulfasalazine has crystalluria, thrombocytopenia, and megaloblastic anemia
as side effects, so to reduce side effect microbeads were prepared.
Methods: The sulfasalazine microbeads were prepared by inotropic gelation method by optimizing process parameters such as concentration of
calcium chloride, agitation speed, and time of agitation. The concentration of polymer sodium alginate was varied.
Result: Among the five formulations, the best formulation was considered by comparing process parameters such as the entrapment efficiency, drug
content, in vitro drug release studies, scanning electron microscope analysis, and zeta potential.
Conclusion: On comparison, B3 formulation was considered as best formulation with a mean particle size ranging from 40.9 to 244 µm, drug content
of 94.7%, entrapment efficiency of 87.7%, and the drug release was found to be 97.1% for 12 hrs and followed zero order kinetics and non-Fickian
diffusional pathway, with a zeta potential value of −56.8 mV indicating higher stability.
Keywords: Inotropic gelation method, Sodium alginate, Microbeads, Rheumatoid arthritis, Side effects.
STABILITY-INDICATING REVERSED-PHASE HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF DARUNAVIR AND RITONAVIR
Authors: Dasyam Sindu Priya , Sankar D Gowri , Sk Masthanamma
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: The main objective of the proposed study was to develop and validate a new stability indicating reverse phase high performance liquid
chromatography method for the simultaneous estimation of darunavir (DRV) and ritonavir (RTV).
Methods: The method was optimized using Atlantis C18 column (50 mm×4.6 mm, 5 µm, Waters Corporation, Milford, USA). Acetonitrile and water
were used as mobile phase in the proportion of 60:40. The flow rate was 0.8 ml/minutes and the effluent was monitored at 230 nm.
Results: The retention time of DRV and RTV was 3.15 minutes and 4.59 minutes, respectively. The method was precise as it showed a % relative
standard deviation of <2%. The percentage recoveries of both the drugs DRV and RTV were 99.8-100.01% and 99.5-99.97%, respectively. The
linearity of DRV and RTV was in the range of 40-120 and 4-20 µg/ml, respectively. Calibration curve showed good linearity and range. The correlation
coefficient of DRV and RTV was 0.999 each. Moreover, the results obtained for limit of quantification, limit of detection, robustness, and ruggedness
were well within the acceptance criteria.
Conclusion: The proposed method was found to be simple, rapid, accurate, precise, and stability indicating. It was found to be economical and suitable
for simultaneous determination of DRV and RTV which is can also be applied for pharmaceutical dosage form.
Keywords: Darunavir, Ritonavir, Reversed-phase-high performance liquid chromatography, Simultaneous estimation, Forced degradation.
FORMULATION, OPTIMIZATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOCOMPATIBLE INHALABLE D-CYCLOSERINE-LOADED ALGINATE-CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES FOR PULMONARY DRUG DELIVERY
Authors: Shaji Jessy , Shaikh Mahmood
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: To prepare Nanoparticulate dosage form having improved drug bioavailability and reduced dosing frequency of antitubercular drugs
which will helps in improving patient compliance in the treatment of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB).
Methods: Ionotropic gelation method was used to prepare D-cycloserine (D-CS)-loaded alginate-chitosan nanoparticles, and the particles are
characterized by their particle size and morphology using particle size analyzer and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD),
differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) studies were used to determine drug-polymer interactions and drug
entrapment. Entrapment efficiency, drug loading (DL), particle size, and zeta potential of nanoparticles were also studied. The 2
 factorial designs of
experiments by Design-Expert
®
 V9 were used to optimize the particle size and entrapment efficiency of nanoparticles.
Results: The optimized batch had shown the entrapment efficiency of 98.10±0.24% and DL of 69.32±0.44% with particle size and zeta potential
as 344±5 nm and −42±11.40 mV, respectively. DSC, FTIR, and XRD studies confirmed the drug entrapment within nanoparticle matrix. SEM results
showed spherical-shaped particles. Sustained release of drug from the nanoparticles was observed for 24 hrs period. Respirable fraction up to
52.37±0.7% demonstrates the formulation suitability for deep lung delivery. Lung inflammatory study showed a less inflammatory response.
Conclusion: Ionotropic gelation method can be used to prepare biocompatible particles with a high entrapment efficiency, DL, optimum particle size,
and controlled release characteristics, which can serve as a convenient delivery system for D-CS and could be a potential alternative to the existing
conventional therapy in MDR-TB.
Keywords: Nanoparticles, Alginate, Chitosan, Inhalation, Sustained release, Tuberculosis.
3
PHARMACOGNOSTIC AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF HELICTERES ISORA ROOTS
Authors: Sharma Veena , Chaudhary Urmila
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: Helicteres isora Linn. roots have been reported to use in microbial infection, diabetes, dysentery colic, scabies, wound healing, and
gastropathy. The main objective of this study was preliminary phytochemical screening of various fractions of H. isora roots.
Methods: In this study, pharmacognostic and phytochemical investigations on the various fractions of H. isora roots were carried out with the
standard procedures.
Results: The pharmacognostic analysis revealed moisture content (0.18%), total ash (4%), acid insoluble ash (1%), and water soluble ash (1.5%). The
qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, saponin,
steroids, terpenoids, and tannins.
Conclusion: H. isora roots are a rich source of various biological active constituents. H. isora may be further investigated for the isolation of bioactive
compound that could be developed into drug for the treatment of various human diseases.
Keywords: Helicteres isora, Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical, Roots.

 
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF AYURVEDIC FORMULATION OF COLICARMIN PLUS SYRUP ON COLIC, GRIPING PAIN, INDIGESTION, NAUSEA, VOMITING, AND OTHER DIGESTIVE DISORDERS IN PAEDIATRICS AND GERIATRICS PATIENTS.
Authors: Mishra Devendra , H Patel Girish , Gathani Rupali
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: An open label study to assess the effect of colicarmin plus syrup on colic and griping pain, indigestion, nausea and vomiting in children,
and geriatric patients.
Methods: (a) A study was conducted on 75 number of patients to evaluate the effect of colicarmin plus syrup on colic and griping pain, indigestion,
nausea and vomiting in children, and adults, (b) mostly these children were selected from different classes of families, (c) all the patients were checked
on the 1
st
, 2
nd
, and 3
rd
 week after starting the therapeutic dose.
Dosage schedule: (a) Children: 1 Teaspoonful thrice a day after meals, (b) adults: 2 Teaspoonful twice to thrice a day after meals.
Results: (a) Colic and griping pain: In the total duration of treatment, no of patients recovering were 23-on 1
st
 week, 4-on 2
 week,
overall result is 93.54%, (b) indigestion: In the total duration of treatment, no of patients recovering were 26-on 1
st
nd
 week, and 3-on 3
 week, 3-on 2
 week, and 1-on
3
rd
 week, the overall result is 93.75%, (c) nausea and vomiting: In the total duration of treatment, no of patients recovering were 8-on 1
 week, 2-on
2
nd
 week, and 1-on 3
rd
 week, the overall result is 91.33%.
Conclusion: Based on the study, we can conclude that colicarmin plus syrup is an Ayurvedic formulation with benefits such as digestive, carminative,
anthelmintic, antiflatulent, antispasmodic, and devoid of side effects.
Keywords: Digestive, Carminative, Anthelmintic, Antiflatulent and Antispasmodic.
nd

st

rd
A REVIEW ON ANTIOXIDANT METHODS
Authors: Sunitha Dontha
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
To provide an outlook of the various available methods of antioxidant activity. Various available in vitro and in vivo methods are listed and the
procedure to perform the method, its mechanism is also explained in brief. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method was found to be used mostly for the
in vitro antioxidant activity evaluation purpose while lipid peroxidation was found as mostly used in vivo antioxidant assay. An ethanol was with the
highest frequency as a solvent for extraction purpose. Summarized information on the various methods available provides with reliable information
to confirm the benefits of antioxidant effects.
Keywords: Antioxidant activity, Reactive oxygen species, Free radical, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, Flavonoid.
COMPARISON OF FIVE ANTIOXIDANT ASSAYS FOR ESTIMATING ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY FROM THREE SOLANUM SP. EXTRACTS
Authors: Fidrianny Irda , Choirunnisa Atina Rizkiya , Ruslan Komar
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Objectives: The aims of this research were to determine antioxidant capacity of various extracts from black nightshade, turkey berry, and round
green eggplant using five antioxidant assays which were ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC),
H
2
O
 scavenging, phosphomolybdenum assay, and beta-carotene bleaching (BCB), correlation of total phenolic, flavonoid, and carotenoid content with
their inhibitory concentration 50% (IC
2
50
) and exhibitory concentration 50% (EC
) of five antioxidant assay and correlation between five antioxidant
assays.
50
Methods: Extraction was conducted by reflux using gradient polarity solvents. The extracts were evaporated using rotary evaporator. The antioxidant
capacity study, determination of phenolic, flavonoid, and carotenoid content were performed by ultraviolet-visible spectophotometry, while its
correlation with IC
50
 and EC
50
 of five methods were analyzed by Pearson’s method.
Results: Ethanolic and ethyl acetate fruit extracts of turkey berry denoted the highest antioxidant capacity using FRAP (EC
41.32 µg/ml),
H
2
O
2
 scavenging assay (IC
50:
1.01 µg/ml), and CUPRAC (EC
117.56 µg/ml). While ethyl acetate fruit extract of round green eggplant gave the
highest phosphomolybdenum capacity (EC
50
50:
: 375.47 µg/ml), and ethyl acetate fruit extract of black nightshade showed the highest BCB capacity
(EC
50:
158.66 µg/ml). Phenolic content of all fruit extracts had a tendency to correlate with FRAP and H
2
O
 scavenging antioxidant capacity, meanwhile
flavonoid and carotenoid content had a tendency to correlate with CUPRAC, phosphomolybdenum, and BCB antioxidant capacity.
2
Conclusions: Phenolic compounds were a major contributor in antioxidant capacity of black nightshade, turkey berry, and round green eggplant
extracts using FRAP and H
2
O
 scavenging, meanwhile flavonoid and carotenoid compounds were a major contributor in antioxidant capacity using
CUPRAC, phosphomolybdenum and BCB assays. FRAP assay had linear correlation with H
2
2
O
 scavenging, meanwhile CUPRAC had linear correlation
with phosphomolybdenum and BCB.
Keywords: Antioxidant, Antioxidant assays, Solanum fruits.
2

50:
TOOTH SENSITIVITY AMONG RESIDENTIAL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN CHENNAI
Authors: Gunasekaran Gokul , R Abilasha
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: To assess the experience of TS of residential university students from different universities in Chennai.
Methods: Students of different colleges were given questionnaires on TS. The answered questionnaires were then analyzed in SPSS online software
and the results were found
Results: From the data, it is infered that the knowledge of treatment for TS isn’t well-known among students and improper brushing techniques and
soft drink consumption are main reasons for TS.
Conclusion: From the data, one can infer that TS has becomeNo quite prevalent in today’s society and with less awareness on its treatment. The
people should be taught to maintain their oral hygiene, and proper brushing techniques should be taught and diet should be altered according to
health. Soft drinks should be avoided to the highest extent and treatment for sensitivity should be taken promptly.
Keywords: Dentin, sensitivity, students.
A STABILITY-INDICATING AND VALIDATED REVERSE-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF PHENYLEPHRINE AND FEXOFENADINE IN BULK AND TABLET DOSAGE FORMS
Authors: Kumar B.sai , G Jyothi , Rao B Sreenivasa
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: A simple and accurate stability indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated
for the simultaneous estimation of phenylephrine and fexofenadine in pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Methods: Chromatography was carried out on an ODS C-18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 µ particle size) with a isocratic mobile phase composed of
orthophosphoric acid buffer, acetonitrile, (75:25% v/v) at a flow rate of 1 mL/minutes. The column temperature was maintained at 30°C and the
detection was carried out using a photodiode array detector at 210 nm.
Results: The retention times for phenylephrine and fexofenadine were 2.096 minutes and 4.241 minutes, respectively. The percentage recoveries
of phenylephrine and fexofenadine were 100.63% and 99.84%, respectively. The relative standard deviation for assay of tablets was found to be
<2%. The detection and quantification limits were found to be 0.10 and 0.31 µg/mL for phenylephrine and 0.01 and 0.03 µg/mL for fexofenadine,
respectively.
Conclusion: Thus, the method was fast, accurate, precise, and sensitive; hence, it can be employed for routine quality control of tablets containing
both drugs in quality control laboratories and pharmaceutical industries.
Keywords: Phenylephrine, Fexofenadine, Stability indicating method, Validation method, Reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography.
ZOLEDRONIC ACID: A MISCHIEVOUS SUSPECT FOR LIVER INJURY
Authors: Gill Rupam , O. Balaji , Kumari Meena K. , V. Amberkar Mohan Babu , Udupa Karthik S.
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
A 47-year-old male diagnosed as adenocarcinoma of the lung and received 8 cycles of chemotherapy comprising intravenous administration of
cisplatin 125 mg, pemetrexed 850 mg along with zoledronic acid 4 mg. After the completion of the 8
 cycle, the liver enzymes were found to be
markedly elevated, evincing zoledronic acid as the cause for hepatotoxicity. The case details were taken from the patient’s medical record along with
the biochemical test reports and radiographic images. The causal association was confirmed using Naranjo’s algorithm and Roussel Uclaf Causality
Assessment Method (RUCAM). After the uneventful chemotherapy, patient’s liver function tests (LFT) were abnormal. There was an elevation in the
aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and direct bilirubin. The causal relationship was established using Naranjo’s
algorithm (score-6) and RUCAM (score-5), displayed a “probable” and “possible” association. Hartwig’s severity scale and Thornton’s preventability
scale displayed the adverse drug reaction to being moderately severe and not preventable, respectively. The zoledronic acid was stopped and never
readministered. The LFTs assumed normal after a span of 2 months. The mechanism underlying hepatotoxicity due to zoledronic acid remains elusive.
Zoledronic acid can induce acute phase response mediated by active production of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and pro-inflammatory
cytokines from the T-cells and macrophages. Vigilant monitoring along with timely assessment and management can prevent the occurrence of
irreversible liver damage. Henceforth, we would like to report the rare incidence of drug induced hepatic damage due to zoledronic acid. Henceforth,
we would like to report the rare incidence of drug induced hepatic damage due to zoledronic acid.
Keywords: Bisphosphonate, Dechallenge, Hepatotoxicity, Rechallenge.
th
PREVALENCE OF CEPHALOSPORIN-RESISTANT GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI FROM CLINICAL SAMPLES
Authors: Aniis Kavi , Kcp Rajamanikandan , Prasanth D Arvind
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: Beta-lactams are the group of antibiotics that contain a ring called as “beta-lactam ring,” which is responsible for the antibacterial activity.
The presence of resistance among Gram-negative organisms is due to the production of beta-lactamases enzymes that hydrolysis the beta-lactam ring
thereby conferring resistance to the organism. This study is undertaken to determine the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)
producing Gram-negative organism from clinical samples.
Methods: A total of 112 clinical samples were taken for this study. The combined disc synergistic test (CDST) was used for the phenotypic detection
of ESBL producers from the clinical samples. The genotypic identification of ESBL producers was carried out by alkaline lysis method by isolation of
plasmid DNA.
Result: A total of 87 bacterial isolates were isolated and identified. Among them, Klebsiella (41%) was the predominant organism followed by
Escherichia coli (33%), Proteus (10%), Pseudomonas (10%), and Serratia (6%). Among the various bacterial isolates, Klebsiella showed a higher
percentage of resistance. The CDST showed that 8 isolates of Klebsiella, 3 isolates of E. coli, and 1 isolate of Pseudomonas were found to be ESBL
producers. The genotypic confirmation showed that the two bacterial isolates, namely, Klebsiella and E. coli were found to possess temoniera (TEM)
gene which was the 400-500 bp conferring resistance to the antibiotics.
Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that early detection of ESBL producing Gram-negative organism is a very important step in planning the
therapy of patient in Hospitals. CDST continues to be a good indicator in the detection of ESBL producers.
Keywords: Beta-lactamases, Gram-negative bacilli, Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, Resistance, Combined disc synergistic test.

 
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF ARTEMISIA NILAGIRICA (CLARKE) PAMP. LEAF EXTRACT
Authors: P Parameswari , Rengaswamy Devika
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: The points of this exploration work were to decide the quantitative examination of bioactive mixes. Customarily, cutting edge meds rely
on the phytochemicals got from the plant source in bigger extents. Numerous bioactive auxiliary metabolites have a positive metabolic reaction on
different human diseases.
Methods: In the present examination, Artemisia nilagirica, leaves were gathered, dried, powdered and put away in hermetically sealed compartments
for quantitative investigation of phytochemicals according to standard strategies.
Results: The methanolic leaf concentrate of enrolled 4.33 mg of alkaloids, 1.22 mg of saponins, 12.4 mg of tannins, 24.3 mg of glycosides, 10.2 mg
terpenoids, 1.33 mg of coumarin, 59.4 mg of amino acids, 12.2 mg of fatty acids, 17.2 mg of flavonoids, 10.2 mg of phenols, and steroids in follows
separately.
Conclusion: The plant has a high helpful quality as far as an assortment of phytochemicals from leaf remove and had let to a sure level toward
extraction and refinement of specific bioactive mixes for human nourishment.
Keywords: Artemisia nilagirica, Secondary metabolites, Quantitative analysis, Leaf extract, Flavonoids.
ALOE-EMODIN GLYCOSIDES AMELIORATE GLUCOSE UTILIZATION VIA INSULIN DOWNSTREAM REGULATORS: AN IN VIVO INVESTIGATION
Authors: Anand Singaravelu , C Saravanababu , Bs Lakshmi , Vs Muthusamy
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: Aloe-emodin glycosides (AEG) isolated from Cassia fistula stimulates glucose transport and glycogen storage through a phosphatidylinositol
3 kinase (PI3K)-dependent mechanism in L6 myotubes and inhibits adipocytes differentiation in 3T3L1 adipocytes was previously reported. This
study intended to investigate the insulin mimetic effect of AEG by in vivo method.
Methods: Male Wistar albino rats were randomly allocated into two groups and fed for a period of 3-week. The high-fat diet group animals were
injected with a low dose (35 mg/kg) of streptozotocin to induce Type-2 diabetes. The diabetic rats were then treated with low dose: 10 mg/kg and
high dose: 30 mg/kg for a period of 21-day. A dose-dependent decrease in fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides levels on treatment
with AEG. The carbohydrate metabolism in diabetic rats appeared to improve due to regulation in hepatic enzymes such as hexokinase, glucose-6phosphatase,
and fructose
1,6-bisphosphatase with a concomitant increase
in glycogen
content.
Results: AEG decreased lipid peroxidation and improved the antioxidant (enzymatic and nonenzymatic) levels in the liver of diabetic rats. Treatment
with AEG (30 mg/kg) augmented the phosphorylation of insulin downstream regulators such as insulin receptor beta, insulin receptor substrate 1,
PI3K, glucose transporter 4, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta, and peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma in the skeletal muscle tissue of
the Type-2 diabetic rats compared to vehicle-treated diabetic rats.
Conclusion: The present results suggested that AEG could serve as an interesting candidate in the drug development for the management of diabetes.
Keywords: Aloe-emodin glycoside, Type-2 diabetes, High-fat diet/streptozotocin, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Glycogen, Antioxidant enzyme.
COMPARISON OF THE EFFECT OF PTEROCARPUS MARSUPIUM WITH PIOGLITAZONE IN DEXAMETHASONE-INDUCED INSULIN RESISTANCE
Authors: Koyagura Narendar , Nagendra Nayak I M , Jamadar M G , M Patil Ashok , Anand Sanjit
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: This study was undertaken to evaluate the preventive effect of heartwood of P. marsupium in dexamethasone-induced hyperinsulinemia
and hyperglycemia and compare it with that of pioglitazone.
Methods: Male albino wistar rats were divided into five groups (n=6). Plain control group received gum acacia (2%) orally from d 1 to d 12. Dexa
control group received gum acacia (2%) orally for d 1 to d 12 and Dexa (8 mg/kg) intraperitoneal (i.p.) from d 7 to d 12, during the study period.
Two test groups received ethanolic extract of Pterocarpus marsupium heartwood (PME) (1 and 2 g/kg/) per oral (PO), and standard control group
received pioglitazone (60 mg/kg/PO) from d 1 to d 12. During the 12-d study period, the two test groups and standard control group received Dexa
(8 mg/kg/i.p.) from d 7 to d 12. On last day of the study, the blood samples were collected by retro-orbital sinus punctureand used for estimation of
serum insulin and glucose levels. Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) method was employed to calculate the degree of insulin resistance(IR).
Results were analyzed by using one-way analysis of variance followed by Scheffe’s multiple comparison test (p<0.05).
Results: Treatment with ethanolic extract of P. marsupium and pioglitazone significantly (p<0.05) reduced the elevated insulin and glucose levels as
well as HOMA-IR and HOMA-IS values in dexa treated animals.
Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of P. marsupium heartwood effectively countered dexamethasone-induced hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia.
Insulin-sensitizing activity of P. marsupium heartwood was found to be more effective than pioglitazone.
Keywords: Pterocarpus marsupium, Insulin resistance, Hyperinsulinemia, Hyperglycemia.
A CASE REPORT OF PHENYTOIN AND CARBAMAZEPINE CROSS-REACTIVITY
Authors: K Bhuvana , N Sarala , N Venkatarathnamma P , Kumar T N
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
A case report of cross-reactivity between phenytoin and carbamazepine, a 63-year-old male patient was prescribed phenytoin for generalized seizures
and on the 15
 day of therapy developed generalized maculopapular eruptions. Phenytoin was discontinued, and carbamazepine was administered.
After 28 days, he developed fever, generalized rashes with ulcers in the oral cavity. Carbamazepine was withdrawn, and the patient was treated
symptomatically.
th
Keywords: Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, Cross-reactivity.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES FROM VARIOUS EXTRACTS OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF KELAKAI (STENOCHLAENA PALUSTRIS) GROWN IN CENTRAL KALIMANTAN - INDONESIA
Authors: Fidrianny Irda , Kusmardiyani Siti , Novita Grace
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Objectives: The aims of this research were to determine antioxidant activity from various extracts of different parts of kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris
[Burm.f.] Bedd) using two antioxidant testing methods, which were 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power
(FRAP), and correlation of total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), and total carotenoid contents (TCC) with their inhibitory
concentration 50% (IC
50
) of DPPH and exhibitory concentration 50% (EC
50
) of FRAP.
Methods: Sample was extracted by reflux using different polarity solvents. The extracts were evaporated using vacuum rotary evaporator. Antioxidant
activities were tested using DPPH and FRAP assays, determination of TPC, TFC, and TCC was carried out by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, and
correlation with their IC
50
 of DPPH and EC
50
 of FRAP capacities was analyzed by Pearson’s method.
Results: Ethanolic root extract of kelakai (S. palustris) had the lowest IC
50
 of DPPH scavenging activity 0.8 µg/ml and the lowest EC
 of FRAP capacity
5.4 µg/ml. Ethanolic kelakai root extract demonstrated the highest phenolic content, ethyl acetate young leaves extract had the highest flavonoid
content, and the highest carotenoid content was given by n-hexane root extract. There was significantly negative correlation between TPC in root
extract of kelakai with their IC
50
 of DPPH and EC
50
 of FRAP.
Conclusions: All different extracts of kelakai parts were categorized as very strong antioxidants by DPPH method. Phenolic compounds in kelakai
root extract were the major contributor in antioxidant activities by DPPH and FRAP methods. DPPH and FRAP showed linear results in antioxidant
activities of root kelakai extract.
Keywords: Antioxidant, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, Ferric reducing antioxidant power, Stenochlaena palustris, Young leaves, Old leaves, Root.
50
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY STUDIES OF DICRANOPTERIS LINEARIS
Authors: Rajesh Kalpana Devi , Vasantha Subramani , Panneerselvam Annamalai , Valsala Rajesh Nakulan , Jeyathilakan Narayanaperumal
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze qualitative and quantitative phytochemicals, evaluate in vitro antioxidant properties and determine the
bioactive compounds in extracts of Dicranopteris linearis (Burm.f.) Underw. collected from Western Ghats of Kanyakumari district.
Methods: The qualitative, quantitative phytochemical, and in vitro antioxidant analysis were performed using standard procedures. The bioactive
compounds were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) instrument.
Results: The qualitative phytochemical analysis studied in aqueous, acetone, chloroform, ethanol, and petroleum ether solvent extract showed acetone
had strong positivity to express the 12 phytoconstituents studied except anthocyanin when compared to other solvent extracts. The quantitative
phytochemistry revealed considerable amount of terpenoids (97.0±1.15 mg/g), tannins (30.8±0.44 mg tannic acid equivalents/gram), phenols
(28.6±0.33 mg gallic acid equivalents/gram), and flavonoids (8.50±0.29 mg quercetin equivalent/g) in decreasing order of concentrations. The in
vitro antioxidant activity of aqueous, ethanol, acetone, chloroform, and petroleum ether suggested that the extract of DL has prominent antioxidant
prospective against various free radicals such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl while butylated hydroxy toluene being the standard antioxidant used.
The GC-MS analysis displayed the presence of 11 bioactive compounds each belonging to various categories of phytochemicals such as terpenoids,
flavonoids, phenols, and fatty acid derivatives.
Conclusion: The results indicate that D. linearis (Burm.f.) Underw. present in the Western Ghats of Kanyakumari is an effective scavenger of free
radicals and has the potential to be used as a natural antioxidant which is attributed to the rich presence of secondary metabolites.
Keywords: Dicranopteris linearis (Burm.f.) Underw., Phytochemistry, Antioxidant activity, Gas chromatography-mass Spectrometry.
CYSTICERCOSIS OF BREAST PRESENTING AS FIBROADENOMA
Authors: Osman Muhamed , Agarwal Anshoo
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Breast lump is a common diagnostic problem both to the general practitioner and to the surgeons. However, rare breast lesions are often misdiagnosed
clinically with other diagnoses. We present a case of cysticercosis of breast in a 23-year-old woman presented with a 3-month history of right
breast lump. Clinical examination revealed a mobile, painless, 2.0 cm mass in the right breast similar to fibroadenoma. The axilla and nipples had
no abnormalities. The patient underwent resection of the mass, and a cystic lesion was found. Microscopic examination revealed a cystic cavity
containing larvae and it consistent with cysticerci. Characteristic features of this uncommon location are discussed based on a review of the literature.
This case report emphasizes the fact that although the breast is unusual site for cysticercosis, it should be considered as differential diagnosis while
dealing with a painless, freely mobile lump in the breast, especially in the endemic area.
Keywords: Breast, Cysticercosis, Histopathology.
ANTIOXIDANT-VITAMIN C: LUNG FUNCTION; LUNG CANCER
Authors: Farooqui Mazahar , Pardeshi Rajendra , Jadhav Santosh
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Non-enzymatic vitamin C (ascorbic acid) plays an important role in the medicinal field and acts as antioxidants use in fruits and vegetable such as
lemon, orange, grapes, carrots, tomatoes, grapefruit, beans, broccoli, and mangos. It helps to prevent and stop of various diseases such as lung cancer,
asthma, and wheezing and finding an antibronchospastic effect. Other factors such as diet have also been implicated in the development of lung
cancer. Despite the extensive research conducted in this area, the relationship between diet and lung cancer is still not clear. Diets high in fat and
low in vegetables and fruits may increase the risk of lung cancer and other fact eating of tobacco and smoking of cigarette. Lung tissue damage due
to high levels of free radicals in cigarette smoke causes direct (tissue oxidation) and indirect (release of oxidizing agents and enzymes). Vitamin C is
necessary for phagocytosis. It plays a significant role in daily life, dietary system like eating food, vegetable and smoking of cigarette. It helps to prevent
or stop the damage the lung tissue/or cause lung cancer. The present review studied that application of vitamin C act as antioxidant in lung cancer like
diseases such as lung-cancer and role in lung function.
Keywords: Review, Non-enzymatic antioxidant (vitamin C), Lung function, Lung diseases.
ANTI-HYPERGLYCEMIC EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FRACTIONS OF ANNONA RETICULATA LEAF
Authors: Rout Soumya Prakash , Kar Durga Madhab , Maharana Laxmidhar
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Context: Several species of the genus Annona were reported to have hypoglycemic properties and this makes Annona reticulata Linn. (Annonaceae)
an interesting plant for investigating its anti-hyperglycemic potential.
Objective: Different fractions prepared from hydro-alcoholic extract of A. reticulata leave were investigated for their blood glucose lowering effect on
Streptozotocin (STZ) induced hyperglycemic rats.
Methods: Ethyl acetate, methanol, and residual fractions (at dose level of 100 mg/kg by oral route) prepared from the hydro-alcoholic extract of
A. reticulata leave were administered for 14 consecutive days to STZ induced hyperglycemic rats for evaluation of their anti-hyperglycemic potential.
Anti-hyperglycemic potential was assessed by observation of a decrease in fasting blood glucose level.
Results: The studies revealed that ethyl acetate fraction decreased the blood glucose level of hyperglycemic rats from 447.67 to 234.17 mg/dL and is
significant (p<0.001) when compared with diabetic control group. The residual fraction and methanolic fraction decreased blood glucose level from
417.83 to 402.50 mg/dL and 432.33 to 371.67 mg/dL respectively but not significant when compared with the diabetic control group. Standard drug
metformin (dose 300 mg/kg) reduced the blood glucose level from 447.33 to 219.50 mg/dL.
Discussion: Ethyl acetate fraction at tested dose level was capable not only to control the elevated blood glucose level but also able to attenuate
certain secondary parameters associated with STZ induced hyperglycemia.
Conclusion: This study suggested that the ethyl acetate fraction prepared from hydro-alcoholic extract of A. reticulata leave exhibit potential antihyperglycemic
property
in the tested
experimental
models and should be investigated
further.
Keywords: Streptozotocin, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia.
SYNERGISTIC AND EFFLUX PUMP INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF PLANT EXTRACTS AND ANTIBIOTICS ON STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS STRAINS
Authors: Sharma Urmila , Jandaik Savita , Mehta Jyoti , Mohan Manindra
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the synergistic and efflux pump inhibitory activities of some important medicinal plants collected
from Western Himalaya against different strains of Staphylococcus aureus to facilitate the reintroduction of therapeutically ineffective antibiotics back
into clinical use.
Methods: Various plant materials were extracted using methanol, ethyl acetate, and water. The dried extracts were screened for synergistic activity
by well diffusion method, and efflux pump inhibitory activity for plants extracts exhibiting maximum synergism assessed by berberine uptake assay
and ethidium bromide efflux inhibition assay, respectively.
Results: Methanolic extract (ME) and ethyl acetate extracts (EE) of most of the plant extracts showed synergistic activity with ciprofloxacin and
norfloxacin, whereas an aqueous extract showed no any synergistic activity. Maximum efflux pump inhibitory activity was observed for ME of Angelica
glauca followed by EE of Ficus carica.
Conclusion: ME of A. glauca exhibited potentials of efflux pump inhibition, and thus can, be used as an adjuvant with antibiotics to overcome the
problem of drug resistance due to efflux.
Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, Therapeutically ineffective antibiotics, Synergistic effect, Efflux pump inhibitors.

 
SCREENING OF PUTATIVE THERAPEUTIC CANDIDATES IN SUPERBUG (STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS): A SYSTEMATIC IN SILICO APPROACH
Authors: Patnala Kiranmayi , Zaveri Kunal
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: Staphylococcus aureus, a superbug and antibiotic resistant pathogen, is one of the most infection causing organism, ranging from skin
allergies to severe lethal conditions. The prolonged use of different antibiotics and lack of optimal treatment over the antibiotic resistant species, led
to the identification of new, better and promising therapeutic candidates.
Methods: A systematic in silico filtration process was employed, which includes subtractive channels and reverse vaccinology techniques.
Results: Here, we report 12 possible drug targets and two vaccine candidates based on essentiality, non-human homolog, virulent and localization,
commonly in all the strains. Further characterization studies such as pathway analysis, chokepoint and structure prediction revealed, two proteins
as the best drug targets one being novel and the other druggable. Only one protein has shown the characteristic feature of vaccine candidate, having
antigenic property and an IgG binding domain.
Conclusion: Two best drug targets were commonly identified in all the strains of S. aureus namely UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate--L-lysine
ligase (MurE) and cell division protein FtsA, whereas the best common vaccine candidate includes Peptidoglycan binding protein. The therapeutic candidates
reported in the present study might facilitate screening of new and better antimicrobial compounds, for an optimal treatment of S. aureus infections.
Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, Drug target, Vaccine candidates, Subtractive proteomics, Reverse vaccinology.