bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Child Labour as Corporate Crime in Nexus to Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Fatima Samza , Javed Waqas , Imam Syed Kaleem
Published: May 2023

Corporate Crime is a relatively new term associated with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The instant study tries to explain corporate crimes in nexus to CSR. It debates what international legal framework prohibits such crimes and how corporations commit violations of such international standards, any deviation from the standard may result in serious damage to society thus affect millions of lives e.g., the growing trend of child labor under hazardous conditions by a corporation. Through increased monitoring on child labor, innocent children can be saved from the havoc of child labor even reaching the level of slavery in some regions. This would help to reduce the number of children having hazardous workplace situation being unfairly compensated for their work.
Challenges of Social Work with Youth in Pakistan
Authors: Mursaleen Muhammad , Bardauskiene Raminta
Published: May 2023

The present study has evaluated the current situation of youth social work in Karachi as well highlights the importance and key issues faced by working youth in the country. A qualitative methodology has been used for the current studty. The researcher has selected ten respondents having at least 5-10 years of experience from the education sector of Karachi. A set of 5 questions were developed that targeted the themes of gendered biasness, communication issues, safety threats, and concerns, funding problems and the impact of governmental restrictions and unrest. The results of the study highlight the vitality of communication in social organizations in order to resolve the barriers. The main safety concerns to the NGOs are from the religious and societal extremists. The government hasn’t supported the developmental and relief initiatives of the social organizations and therefore funding issues are faced by most of the institutions. The study has bridged the importance of the necessity to commence dialogue on a tabooed issue for the development and betterment of the youth of the country.
A Psychoanalytical Interpretation of Omar El Akkad's American War: An In- Depth Study of Sarat Chestnut's Neurosis
Authors: Siddiqui Safia , Elahi Atta-e-
Published: May 2023

This research paper postulates the sociological and psychological factors responsible for prompting neurosis in the protagonist Sarat Chestnut in the novel American War (2017). It is the study of Sarat’s disturbing behavior and the constant struggle to exist in her society and bear its ill-treatment. The theories of Neurosis and Seduction; a part of the theory of psychoanalysis, have been applied to study the symptoms and causes of Sarat’s neurotic behavior. Instead of presenting neurosis as a pure medical disorder, neurosis has been discussed as a mental disturbance. Two types of neurosis i.e. compulsion neurosis and anxiety hysteria are found in Sarat. The symptoms of these two kinds of neurosis includes agoraphobia, ambivalence, traumatic fixation, disabled sublimation, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. The reasons responsible for neurotic behavior of Sarat are sexual abuse, disturbed family unit, sibling rivalry, suppressed fear, and hatred, suppressed desires or drives, and societal norms.
Effect of Workplace Bullying on Job Satisfaction and Job Performance at School Level
Authors: Jabeen Sadaf , Gul Fariha , Bashir Irfan
Published: May 2023

This study sought to determine the workplace bullying, job satisfaction, job performance and their effects on teachers. This quantitative study aims to highlight the issue of bullying which badly affects teachers. The sample was comprised of all schools in Lahore. A stratified random sampling strategy was used. Four hundred teachers were selected from all schools in Lahore. The questionnaire consisted of 115 items. It was designed at a Likert. Data was analyzed through SPSS. The findings show a strong relationship between workplace bullying and job satisfaction and job performance. The findings highlight that demographic variables vary among teachers. The finding of this study that workplace bullying is increasing speedily, that suggests that organizational bullying might make teachers feel uncomfortable in their jobs, causing stress. These findings may be utilized to design successful solutions for not just preventing and managing bullying; but also for making schools safer for teachers.
The Status of Women and Marginalized Social Classes: Pakistanâs Pashtoon Society in Perspective
Authors: Afridi Anfal , Sawal Javeria Noor , Sara Bibi
Published: May 2023

The prehistoric code of conduct, morality, conscience, and reprisal, known as 'Pukhtunwali,' struggled to regain its prominence during colonial rule. However, women and lower social classes were continually denied their fundamental rights. In the patriarchal Pashtun society, women's role remained limited, despite the notable contributions of several women in literature, work fields, and administrative functions. Unfortunately, women were often disregarded, and lower social classes had no rights, even though they constituted the basic unit of society and contributed their labour to society's progress. This paper aims to examine the status of women and the marginalized social classes in Pakistani society. The article explores how these groups were denied their rights and how the lack of recognition of their contributions negatively impacted society. The paper concludes by highlighting the need to address these inequalities to create a more equitable society that respects all its members.
The Psychological Effects of Political Talk Shows on Youth
Authors: Dar Atiya , Akhtar Saleem , Ali Saqib
Published: May 2023

Examining the determinants of cultivation theory in today's society on the political attitudes of viewers is the foremost consideration of this research. Scholarly journals' investigations indicate that political talk shows have the influence to cultivate political knowledge among the viewers. This article studied consumption patterns and the psychological effects of political talk shows on males and females. It investigated how the political discourse of media cultivates political behaviour. For the purpose of the investigation, a survey method technique was employed to take the responses from 200 respondents, 100 from each segment males and females. Results revealed consumption patterns of political talk shows that cultivate negative psychological effects on viewers.
The Portrayal of Women in TV Advertisements and its Impact on their Mental Health
Authors: Nasir Noor Ul Ain , Basit Abdul , Ahmad Muhammad Sumair
Published: May 2023

The portrayal of perfect images of women in television advertisements has been studied extensively in Western media. However, women's representation in Pakistani advertisements has received little attention. Therefore, this research study was intended to explore the influence of the portrayal of perfect idealized images appearing in television advertisements and their associated effects on the mental health of women. A survey was conducted and a questionnaire was filled out by 360 female students from the University Management and Technology. The participants were asked about the perfect images of models and about their experiences being exposed to such images. Furthermore, the researcher employed the social comparison theory in order to provide the theoretical framework of the study. The results suggested that the majority of women agreed that they get disappointed after watching models having slim bodies, spotless skin and fair complexion in the Pakistani advertisements. The findings concluded that such portrayal is Psychologically harming women.
Role of Socio-cultural Factors to Improve English Language Skills at Secondary School Level in Multan Division
Authors: Bhatti Humera , Munir Namra , Shamim
Published: May 2023

English is taught in secondary schools in various countries, often as a required or recommended topic. Students need to want to learn the language. There are many reasons students should learn English, and schools can use these to encourage their pupils. The study's primary goal is to identify the contribution of cultural elements to the development of secondary school students' proficiency in English. It was an exercise in purely descriptive research. In order to get a representative sample of the population, the researchers adopted a multistage sampling strategy. The statistical methods of the mean score, standard deviation, and t-test were applied to the gathered data. In conclusion, secondary school students in Multan would greatly benefit from more exposure to different cultures to better their English language command. Young people's English proficiency can be fostered by creating English-speaking environments, cultural awareness, parent involvement, peer interaction, and student motivation.
A Cross-linguistic Analysis of Punjabi Versus English Gender-System
Authors: Shafiq Zunaira , Iqbal Safia
Published: May 2023

The current study aimed to compare the grammatical notion of gender in Punjabi versus English. To identify the similarities and differences in gender systems of both the languages in question, multiple instances of Punjabi and English gender rendering terms and phrases were selected and compared through a comparative analytical approach. It was a text-based study that revealed that not only Punjabi nouns but also verbs and adjectives take gender markers, unlike English and also that Punjabi does have some gender-neutral words and epicenes, just like English. Findings hold implications for novice researchers attempting to explore Punjabi in terms of its gender system.
Inner Lives and Outer World of Rural People: Educational and Socio- Economic Perspective
Authors: Tufail Naveed , Hayat Khizar , Ihsan Muhammad
Published: May 2023

The objective of the study was to look into the inner and outer lives of rural people from the standpoint of their education and socioeconomic status. It was investigated why rural students could not continue their education after elementary school. The study was exploratory in nature and qualitative approach was applied. The purposive sampling technique was applied to select fifteen participants. A semi-structured interview was conducted to collect data from ten participants. The collected data were analyzed after the themes of the respondents’ responses were determined. Findings of the study revealed that rural people were also willing to get education but their outer world was not supportive. The findings revealed that rural people have dreams of getting higher education, but they were lacking better facilities for it. They could not afford finances to move to big cities to acquire higher education.
Major Powers Rivalries: Analysis of War (Choice or Compulsion)
Authors: Ahmad Zeeshan , Khalid Ijaz , Ullah Maghfoor
Published: May 2023

History is consistent with a pattern of the rise and fall of great empires that have dominated the international landscape, but the last five hundred years have simplified an irrefutable arrangement of the rise and fall of great empires. This study explores the rise of China in a historical context and vindicates the hypothetical and theoretical probability of war by using the Thucydides trap in the transition of power from an existing superpower to emerging power. Our results explore that war between the great powers is not a trap created by structural stresses of the international anarchic system, so war is a rational choice for pursuing the strategic goal.
Sovereignty Evolved: Tracing the Concept's Genealogy
Authors: Usman Hazrat , Ahmed Raja Ishtiaq , Qamar Nazim Shahab
Published: May 2023

This study undertakes a genealogical analysis of the concept of sovereignty, tracing its historical evolution and examining its cultural, political, and technological influences. The study begins with the Westphalian system, which established state sovereignty, and explores how globalization, human rights, environmental issues, cybersecurity, and artificial intelligence have affected the concept. The paper also examines the role of international law and institutions in shaping the limits and responsibilities of states in exercising sovereignty. This research argues that sovereignty is a dynamic and evolving concept, shaped by historical, political, and technological developments. By critically analyzing the diverse meanings of sovereignty and its various expressions in international law, this study offers a deeper understanding of the concept and its significance in shaping the modern world. The keywords for this study are sovereignty, international law, globalization, human rights, artificial intelligence, and state sovereignty.
Pakistani Private TV News Channels' Coverage to Military Operation 'Zarb-e-Azb': A Comparative Analysis of the Viewers' Perception
Authors: Basit Abdul , Zia Anjum , Toor Shazia Ismail
Published: May 2023

The military operations have exacted serious effects on the socio-psychological structure of society which has led to an overall tense environment. The aim of this study was to explore the public's perspective on Pakistani private TV news channels' coverage of military operation ‘Zarb-e-Azb’. The research sought to understand the public's consumption habits of this coverage, assess the extent to which it fostered a sense of national integration and examine the media's role during the operation. The results showed that the private TV news channels made an effort to portray the ground battle accurately. From the viewers' perspective, the coverage boosted the Pakistani military's morale, improved relations between civil and military groups, and fostered a sense of national unity. Furthermore, viewers believed that the operation effectively eliminated terrorism.
Implications of Drone Strikes on Pakistan during USA War on Terror: An Analysis
Authors: Wakil Imran , Mustafa Ghulam , Khan Muhammad Afraz Ansar
Published: May 2023

USA strategists dwelled strategy of drone strikes to kill terrorists in War on Terror. The effectiveness of drone strikes remained debatable both in defense and academic circles. Some have of the opinion that it paid a lot for USA with minimum collateral damage and it helped US forces in locating and targeting terrorists. While some found this strategy ineffective to achieve any noticeable goals Pakistan was effected with this counterterrorism strategy of USA forces. This work is aimed at digging out that how this strategy of tracing and targeting terrorists with drone attacks resulted in severe short as well as long term implications for Pakistan. Data for this work has been collected from different available sources like research articles, books and reports of government agencies. Qualitative data analysis technique has been used for accumulated data to understand the phenomenon in better way.
Use of cortical volume to predict response to temporary CSF drainage in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Lang Stefan , Dimond Dennis , Isaacs Albert M. , Dronyk Jarred , Vetkas Artur , Conner Christopher R. , Germann Jurgen , Fasano Alfonso , Kalia Suneil , Lozano Andres , Hamilton Mark G.
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVE

Temporary drainage of CSF with lumbar puncture or lumbar drainage has a high predictive value for identifying patients with suspected idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) who may benefit from ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion. However, it is unclear what differentiates responders from nonresponders. The authors hypothesized that nonresponders to temporary CSF drainage would have patterns of reduced regional gray matter volume (GMV) as compared with those of responders. The objective of the current investigation was to compare regional GMV between temporary CSF drainage responders and nonresponders. Machine learning using extracted GMV was then used to predict outcomes.

METHODS

This retrospective cohort study included 132 patients with iNPH who underwent temporary CSF drainage and structural MRI. Demographic and clinical variables were examined between groups. Voxel-based morphometry was used to calculate GMV across the brain. Group differences in regional GMV were assessed and correlated with change in results on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and gait velocity. A support vector machine (SVM) model that used extracted GMV values and was validated with leave-one-out cross-validation was used to predict clinical outcome.

RESULTS

There were 87 responders and 45 nonresponders. There were no group differences in terms of age, sex, baseline MoCA score, Evans index, presence of disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalus, baseline total CSF volume, or baseline white matter T2-weighted hyperintensity volume (p > 0.05). Nonresponders demonstrated decreased GMV in the right supplementary motor area (SMA) and right posterior parietal cortex as compared with responders (p < 0.001, p < 0.05 with false discovery rate cluster correction). GMV in the posterior parietal cortex was associated with change in MoCA (r2 = 0.075, p < 0.05) and gait velocity (r2 = 0.076, p < 0.05). Response status was classified by the SVM with 75.8% accuracy.

CONCLUSIONS

Decreased GMV in the SMA and posterior parietal cortex may help identify patients with iNPH who are unlikely to benefit from temporary CSF drainage. These patients may have limited capacity for recovery due to atrophy in these regions that are known to be important for motor and cognitive integration. This study represents an important step toward improving patient selection and predicting clinical outcomes in the treatment of iNPH.
Does surgery for metastatic spinal tumors improve functional outcomes in patients without spinal cord compression but with potentially unstable spines (SINS 7–12)?
Authors: Vargas Enrique , Shabani Saman , Mummaneni Praveen V. , Park Christine , Rechav Ben-Natan Alma , Rivera Joshua J. , Huang Jeremy , Berven Sigurd , Braunstein Steve , Chou Dean
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVE

In the absence of spinal cord compression, it is unclear if surgery is more effective than radiation treatment for improving functional outcomes in metastatic spinal tumor patients with potentially unstable spines. The authors compared functional status outcomes assessed with Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores after surgery or radiation in patients without spinal cord compression with Spine Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS) values of 7–12 indicating possible instability (SINS 7–12).

METHODS

A retrospective review was performed of patients with metastatic spinal tumor SINS values of 7–12 at a single institution between 2004 and 2014. Patients were divided into two different groups: 1) those treated with surgery and 2) those treated with radiation. Baseline clinical characteristics were measured, and KPS and ECOG scores were obtained pre- and postradiation or postsurgery. The paired, nonparametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test and ordinal logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS

A total of 162 patients met inclusion criteria; 63 patients were treated operatively and 99 patients were treated with radiation. The mean follow-up was 1.9 years, with a median of 1.1 years for the surgical cohort (ranging from 2.5 months to 13.8 years) and a mean of 2 years with a median of 0.8 years for the radiation cohort (ranging from 2 months to 9.3 years). After covariates were accounted for, the average posttreatment changes in KPS scores in the surgical cohort were 7.46 ± 17.3 and in the radiation cohort were −2 ± 13.6 (p = 0.045). No significant difference was observed in ECOG scores. KPS scores improved postoperatively in 60.3% of patients in the surgical group and postradiation in 32.3% of patients in the radiation cohort (p < 0.001). Subanalysis within the radiation cohort revealed no differences in fracture rates or local control between patients treated with external-beam radiation therapy versus stereotactic body radiation therapy. In patients initially treated with radiation, 21.2% eventually developed compression fractures at a treated level. Five of the 99 patients in the radiation cohort—all of whom had a fracture—eventually underwent either methyl methacrylate augmentation or instrumented fusion.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with SINS values of 7–12 who underwent surgery had greater improvement in KPS scores—but not in ECOG scores—than patients undergoing radiation alone. In patients treated with radiation, treatment was converted to a procedural intervention such as surgery only in patients who sustained fractures. Of the patients with fractures after radiation (21 of 99), 5 patients underwent an invasive procedure and 16 did not.
An assessment of the long-term impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on academic neurosurgery
Authors: Harland Tessa A. , Pilitsis Julie G. , Selden Nathan R. , Benzil Deborah L.
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this study was to survey residents, fellows, and residency program leadership to assess the long-term impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on residency training by using a structured survey methodology.

METHODS

A survey was distributed to US neurosurgical residents and fellows (n = 2085) as well as program directors (PDs) and chairs (n = 216) in early 2022. Bivariate analysis was performed to identify factors associated with a decreased likelihood of pursuing a career in academic neurosurgery because of the pandemic, a perception that surgical skills preparation was negatively impacted, personal financial concerns, and a preference for remote education. Significant differences in the bivariate analysis underwent further multivariate logistic regression analysis to evaluate for predictors of these outcomes.

RESULTS

An analysis of complete surveys from 264 residents and fellows (12.7%) and 38 PDs and chairs (17.6%) was performed. Over half of the residents and fellows (50.8%) believed that their surgical skills preparation was negatively impacted by the pandemic, and a notable proportion believed that they were less likely to go into academics because of the pandemic’s impact on their professional (20.8%) and personal (28.8%) life. Those less likely to pursue academics were more likely to report that work-life balance did not improve (p = 0.049), personal financial concerns increased (p = 0.01), and comradery among residents (p = 0.002) and with faculty (p = 0.001) did not improve. Residents who indicated they were less likely to go into academics were also more likely to have been redeployed (p = 0.038). A large majority of PDs and chairs indicated that the pandemic resulted in financial setbacks for their departments (71.1%) and institutions (84.2%), with 52.6% reporting reduced faculty compensation. Financial setbacks at the institutional level were associated with a worsened opinion of hospital leadership (p = 0.019) and reports of a reduced quality of care for non–COVID-19 patients (p = 0.005) but not from faculty member losses (p = 0.515). A plurality of trainees (45.5%) reported a preference for a remote format for educational conferences compared to 37.1% who disagreed.

CONCLUSIONS

This study provides a cross-section of the pandemic’s impact on academic neurosurgery, highlighting the importance of continued efforts to assess and address the long-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for US academic neurosurgery.
Bone morphogenetic proteins in spine surgery: a scientometric analysis to date
Authors: Shoushtari Ali , Bauman Megan M. J. , Durrani Sulaman , Nathani Karim Rizwan , Bydon Mohamad
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVE

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are part of the transforming growth factor–beta superfamily and are involved in bone formation and repair. In spine surgery, recombinant human BMP (rhBMP) is used as an alternative to autografts for spinal fusions. This study aimed to evaluate bibliometric parameters and citations of the literature on BMPs to provide an overview of how the field has evolved.

METHODS

A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted using Elsevier’s Scopus database to capture all the published and indexed studies relevant to BMPs from 1955 to the present. A discrete set of validated bibliometric parameters was extracted and analyzed. All statistical analyses were performed using R 4.1.1.

RESULTS

The 100 most cited articles were published between 1994 and 2018 by 472 unique authors in 40 sources (e.g., journals and books). On average, there were 279 citations per publication and 17.69 citations per publication per year. The United States had the publications with the most citations (n = 23,761), followed by Hong Kong (n = 580) and the United Kingdom (n = 490). The three institutions in the United States with the greatest number of publications in the field were Emory University (n = 14), Hughston Clinic (n = 9), Hospital for Special Surgery (n = 6), and University of California (n = 6).

CONCLUSIONS

The authors evaluated and characterized the 100 most cited articles about BMP. Most of the publications were clinical in nature and focused on BMP’s application in spine surgery. While early scientific efforts focused on basic science research to advance the understanding of BMP’s mechanism of action in promoting bone formation, the majority of the more recent publications are clinically focused. It will be beneficial to conduct more controlled clinical trials to compare the outcomes of BMP use with other methods.
Increased cage angle effects on radiographic outcomes after stand-alone anterior lumbar interbody fusion
Authors: Nguyen Austin Q. , Ukogu Chierika , Harvey Jackson P. , Federico Vincent P. , Nolte Michael T. , Khanna Krishn , Sheha Evan D. , Gandhi Sapan D. , Phillips Frank M.
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVE

Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) is a well-accepted surgical technique used to treat various lumbar degenerative pathologies. Recently, hyperlordotic cages have been introduced to create higher degrees of lordosis to the lumbar spine. There are little data currently available to define the radiographic benefits that these cages provide with stand-alone ALIF. The goal of the present study was to assess the effect of increasing cage angles on postoperative subsidence, sagittal alignment, and foraminal and disc height in patients who underwent single-level stand-alone ALIF surgery.

METHODS

A retrospective cohort study was performed of consecutive patients who underwent single-level ALIF by a single spine surgeon. Radiographic analysis included global lordosis, operative level of segmental lordosis, cage subsidence, sacral slope, pelvic tilt, pelvic incidence, pelvic incidence–lumbar lordosis mismatch, edge loading, foraminal height, posterior disc height, anterior disc height, and adjacent-level lordosis. Multivariate linear and logistic regressions were performed to analyze the relationship between cage angle and radiographic outcomes.

RESULTS

Seventy-two patients were included in the study and divided into three groups based on cage angle: < 10° (n = 17), 10°–15° (n = 36), and > 15° (n = 19). Within the entire study cohort, there were significant improvements in disc and foraminal height, as well as segmental and global lordosis, at the final follow-up after single-level ALIF. However, when stratified by cage angle groups, patients with > 15° cages did not have any additional significant changes in global or segmental lordosis compared with those patients with smaller cage angles, but patients with > 15° cages showed greater risk of subsidence while also having significantly less improvements in foraminal height, posterior disc height, and average disc height compared with the other groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with < 15° stand-alone ALIF cages showed improved average foraminal and disc (posterior, anterior, and average) height without sacrificing improvements in sagittal parameters or increasing risk of subsidence when compared to patients with hyperlordotic cages. The use of hyperlordotic cages > 15° did not provide spinal lordosis commensurate with the lordotic angle of the cage and had a greater risk of subsidence. Although this study was limited by a lack of patient-reported outcomes to correlate with radiographic results, these findings support the judicious use of hyperlordotic cages in stand-alone ALIF.
Globular clusters in the central region of the Milky way galaxy. I. Bar influence on the orbit parameters according to Gaia EDR3
Authors:   The Central Astronomical Observatory of the RAS at Pulkovo, Bajkova A.T. , Smirnov A.A. ,   The Central Astronomical Observatory of the RAS at Pulkovo, Bobylev V.V. ,   The Central Astronomical Observatory of the RAS at Pulkovo
Published: May 2023

The work is devoted to the analysis of the influence of the galactic bar on the orbital motion of globular clusters in the central region of the Galaxy. For this task, 45 globular clusters were selected, 34 of which belong to the bulge and 11 to the disk. The most accurate astrometric data from the Gaia satellite (Vasiliev and Baumgardt, 2021), as well as new refined average distances (Baumgardt and Vasiliev, 2021), were used to form the 6D phase space required for orbit integration. The orbits of globular clusters are obtained both in an axisymmetric potential and in a potential including a bar. In this case, the mass, rotation speed, shape and scale length of the bar were varied. A comparison is made of such orbital parameters as apocentric and pericentric distances, eccentricity and maximum distance from the galactic plane. It is shown that the mass of the bar exerts the greatest influence on the orbital motion, which is expressed mainly in an increase in both the apocentric and pericentric distances in the vast majority of globular clusters. The eccentricities of the orbits in the overwhelming majority also change significantly, and there is a change both upward and downward, especially in the range of values from 0.2 to 0.8. The greatest changes in parameters are observed in globular clusters with high radial velocities and small pericentric distances. The change in orbital parameters depending on the bar rotation speed is less pronounced. The influence of the geometric parameters of the bar is insignificant in the accepted range of their changes. Several examples show that globular clusters in the bulge are more affected by the bar than those belonging to the disk.
On the magnitude of the Yarkovsky effect in the dynamics of potentially hazardous asteroids
Authors:   The Central Astronomical Observatory of the RAS at Pulkovo, Martyusheva A.A. , Melnikov A.V. ,   The Central Astronomical Observatory of the RAS at Pulkovo
Published: May 2023

Estimates of the influence of the solar radiation pressure and the Yarkovsky effect on the long-term orbital dynamics are obtained for a number of asteroids experiencing successive approaches to planets. Based on the estimates of the change in the value of the asteroid’s proper rotation period obtained in (Melnikov, 2022) due to its approaches to the planets, the influence of such events on the further orbital dynamics of an asteroid through the Yarkovsky effect is considered. It is shown that close encounters with the planets of small asteroids (tens of meters in diameter) with fast rotation (proper rotation period less than 10 h), leading to a change in the asteroid rotation period by several hours, can change the magnitude of the Yarkovsky effect by 30–50%.
Globular clusters captured by the Milky Way’s bar
Authors:   The Central Astronomical Observatory of the RAS at Pulkovo, Smirnov A.A. , Bajkova A.T. ,   The Central Astronomical Observatory of the RAS at Pulkovo, Bobylev V.V. ,   The Central Astronomical Observatory of the RAS at Pulkovo
Published: May 2023

Equations of motion are integrated backwards in time by 5 Gyr for thirty globular clusters from the central parts of the Milky Way. We considered two models of the potential, one, which is obtained by fitting the velocity curve of the Milky Way, and the second one, which is based on the results of N-body simulations. Obtained orbits were studied within the approach of spectral dynamics: main frequency of oscillations fx and fR were calculated for each of the orbits. Our analysis showed that six of the studied gloubular clusters (NGC 6266, NGC 6642, Terzan 1, Terzan 2, Terzan 4, and Terzan 5) have frequencies ratios fR/fx ≈ 2, that is, they can support the bar in the considered models.
Study of the structure and kinematics of the Galaxy by open star clusters and associations in the Gaia era
Authors:   Central (Pulkovo) Astronomical Observatory, RAS, Bobylev V.V. , Bajkova A.T. ,   Central (Pulkovo) Astronomical Observatory, RAS
Published: May 2023

This article is a review, written on the basis of previously published results. It examines the main kinematic and spatial properties of the open star clusters (OCs) of the Galaxy. The results of determining the parameters of galactic rotation are described, which are obtained using the most up-to-date kinematic data on stars. Obtained, in particular, according to the Gaia DR2 and Gaia EDR3 catalogs. The results of the analysis of the residual, freed from the influence of the peculiar motion of the Sun and the rotation of the Galaxy, the velocities of the OCs are reflected. It is described about the manifestation of the galactic spiral density wave in the residual velocities of the OCs. The results of various authors are described, who have found out i) how the variance of the residual velocities of the OCs depends on their age, ii) what are the dispersions of the velocities of OB associations and their structural components, iii) what are the dispersions of the residual velocities of stars inside the OCs themselves.
Deceleration of the disk by the accreting magnetized star in the corotation approximation
Authors:   The Central Astronomical Observatory of the RAS at Pulkovo,   The Institute of Applied Astronomy of the RAS, Ikhsanov N.R. , Beskrovnaya N.G. ,   The Central Astronomical Observatory of the RAS at Pulkovo,   Special Astrophysical Observatory of the RAS
Published: May 2023

We analyze the process of interaction of the viscous keplerian accretion disk with the dipole magnetic field of the accretor within the corotation approximation. We estimate the radial dependence of the gaseous pressure in such non-magnetized accretion disk. We calculate the equilibrium radius at which the gaseous pressure in the disk is balanced by the pressure of the dipole magnetic field of the accreting star. We show that this radius depends on the disk viscosity and is significantly smaller than the canonical Alfvén radius realized in the process of spherical accretion.
“Magnetospheric gate” effect in polars
Authors:   Pulkovo Observatory, Russia,   Institute of Applied Astronomy of the RAS, Russia, Ikhsanov N.R. , Kim V.V. ,   Pulkovo Observatory, Russia,   Fesenkov Astrophysical Insitute, Kazakhstan, Korol’kova O.A. ,   Pulkovo Observatory, Russia
Published: May 2023

The mass-exchange process in close binary systems which appear as polars is discussed. We point out that the strong magnetic field of the white dwarf in these systems can under certain conditions prevent material from flowing through the L1 point operating as a “magnetospheric gate”. Using some best studied polars as an example we show that the conditions in which the flow through the L1 point is suppressed can be satisfied. A discussion on an alternative mass-exchange mechanism in this situation appears to be quite reasonable.
Postdural Puncture Headache after Spinal Anaesthesia in Parturients Undergoing Cesarean Section in the Department of Anesthesia in a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Lakhe Gajal , Shrestha Pravin , Duwadi Vijaya
Published: May 2023

Introduction: The post-dural puncture headache is one of the common complications of spinal anaesthesia. It is one of the most frequent claims for malpractice involving obstetrics anaesthesia. Though self-limiting it is troublesome to the patient. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of post-dural puncture headache after spinal anaesthesia in parturients undergoing cesarean section in the Department of Anesthesia in a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done among parturients who underwent cesarean section under spinal anaesthesia from 27 June 2022 to 19 January 2023 after receiving ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: MEMG/480/IRC). The pregnant patients aged 18-45 years of the American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status II/IIE who underwent elective or emergency cesarean section under spinal anaesthesia were included. A convenience sampling method was used. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated.
Results: Among 385 parturients, the prevalence of post-dural puncture headache was 27 (7.01%) (4.53-9.67, 95% Confidence Interval). A total of 12 (44.44%) cases experienced post-dural puncture headache in the first 24 hours followed by 9 (33.33%) and 6 (22.22%) cases in 48 and 72 hours respectively. Moderate pain was complained of by 3 (11.11%) and 2 (7.41%) cases at 48 and 72 hours post-cesarean section respectively.
Conclusions: The prevalence of post-dural puncture headache after spinal anaesthesia in parturients undergoing cesarean section was similar to studies done in similar settings.
Suplementasi HYPEROL untuk Peningkatan Pertumbuhan Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: Nurul Fatimah  , Verdian Aldi Huda , Prastiti Linuwih Aluh , Kurnia Faturrohman  , Oktaviana Adni , Qorie Astria  , Siburian Arif Faisal
Published: May 2023

The provision of quality feed is the most important factor determining the success of vannamei shrimp farming. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth performance, survival rate and water quality of pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei after dietary administration of combination of calcium, magnesium dan vitamin D3.  Shrimp were fed a control diet (without combination of calcium, magnesium dan vitamin D3 supplement) and four levels of combination of calcium, magnesium dan vitamin D3 supplementation i.e 0; 0.25; 0.50; 0.75; 1.00 mL Hyperol Kg-1 of feed. Larvae were reared in tank with a dimension of 40x25x30cm containing 4 L of disinfected seawater at a stocking density of 100 larvae m-2. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that dietary supplementation of combination of at the concentration up to 10 mL Kg-1 could significantly improve growth and survival rate of Pacific white shrimp
Eine Evaluation der Waldpolitik 2020 und ein Ausblick
Authors: Wilkes-Allemann Jerylee , Zabel Astrid , Brantschen Evelyn Coleman , Ohmura Tamaki , Lieberherr Eva
Published: May 2023

Die Waldpolitik 2020 ist seit 2011 das Handlungsprogramm des Bundes mit dem Ziel, dass der Wald seine vielfältigen Funktionen für Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft, Ökologie und Klima erfüllen kann. Nach über zehn Jahren soll nun für die Zeit ab 2025 ein neues Handlungsprogramm ausgearbeitet werden. Das Bundesamt für Umwelt (BAFU) hat eine Evaluation der Waldpolitik 2020 in Auftrag gegeben, um Bilanz über deren Stärken und Schwächen zu ziehen und das Verbesserungspotenzial für das neue Handlungsprogramm aufzuzeigen. Die Evaluation zeigt auf, dass die Waldpolitik 2020 ihrer Rolle als einem kohärenten nationalen «Dach» gerecht wird und von den Kantonen als Legitimation für ihre wald- und holzpolitischen Strategien genutzt und geschätzt wird. Eine Schwäche der Waldpolitik 2020 besteht darin, dass sie bei der Beschreibung dessen, was der Bund erreichen wollte, zum Teil über das hinausgeht, was der Bund tatsächlich steuern konnte. Für die Planung der Waldpolitik ab 2025 wünscht sich die Mehrheit der Kantone vermehrte Möglichkeiten zur Mitwirkung, damit die Ausarbeitung des Inhalts und die Priorisierung von waldpolitischen Zielen als Verbundaufgabe wahrgenommen werden. Die Mehrheit der Kantone befürwortet zudem eine Zusammenführung der Waldpolitik und der Ressourcenpolitik Holz, während einige weitere Akteure und Akteurinnen der Waldpolitik diesbezüglich Bedenken äussern.
Vergleich von Feldschlüssel und Genetik bei der Artbestimmung von Eichen
Authors: Rellstab Christian , Reutimann Oliver , Graf René , Horisberger Denis
Published: May 2023

Botanische Bestimmungsschlüssel sind effiziente Werkzeuge bei der Artbestimmung in der Natur. Sie beruhen aber auf äusseren Merkmalen, die nicht nur von der Artzugehörigkeit, sondern auch von den Umweltbedingungen beeinflusst sind. Ausserdem ignorieren sie meist zwischenartliche Kreuzungen. Diesbezüglich haben genetische Methoden einen Vorteil, sind aber für Praktiker im Feld nicht anwendbar. Hier vergleichen wir die Artbestimmung (inklusive Kreuzungen) mittels Feldschlüssel und Genetik bei den drei häufigsten Eichenarten (Quercus spp.) der Schweiz. Diese Eichen sind schwierig zu bestimmen, weil sie eine grosse blattmorphologische Variabilität aufweisen und sich untereinander kreuzen. Unsere Analyse zeigt, dass die Übereinstimmung der beiden Methoden grundsätzlich gross ist, dass aber insbesondere beim Artenkomplex von Trauben- und Flaumeiche eine gewisse Unschärfe besteht, die sowohl methodisch (z.B. durch Festlegung von Schwellenwerten) wie auch biologisch (z.B. durch phänotypische Plastizität) bedingt sind. Unsere Studie unterstreicht die Wichtigkeit von genetischen Methoden bei der Validierung von Feldschlüsseln und zeigt die potenzielle Rolle von Feldschlüsseln zur Beurteilung der zwischen- und innerartlichen Vielfalt. So können gemischte Bestände und genetisch durchmischte Bäume gefördert werden, die für zukünftige Klimaveränderungen gewappnet sind.
«Closer-to-Nature Forest Management»: Was ist neu an diesem Konzept?
Authors: Krumm Frank , Bauhus Jürgen , Bo Larsen Jørgen , Knoke Thomas , Poetzelsberger Elisabeth , Schuck Andreas , Rigling Andreas
Published: May 2023

Im Mai 2020 legte die EU-Kommission eine Biodiversitätsstrategie und anschliessend daran eine neue Waldstrategie vor. Deren Ziel ist es, die Resilienz von Wäldern in EU-Ländern zu erhöhen und damit langfristig die Multifunktionalität von Wäldern zu sichern. Ein übergeordnetes Konzept in der Waldstrategie bezüglich der Bewirtschaftung von Wäldern ausserhalb von Schutzgebieten lautet «Closer-to-Nature Forest Management»: Damit soll vermittelt werden, dass die Bewirtschaftung von Wäldern verbessert werden muss, wo immer es nötig und sinnvoll ist. Um diesen Begriff verständlicher zu machen, wurde ein Bericht von Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern aus ganz Europa erarbeitet und 2022 vom Europäischen Forstinstitut (EFI) publiziert.
Quellfluren und Quellbäche: sprudelnde Schätze im Wald
Authors: Frei Eva Silvia , Küry Daniel , Rutishauser Marianne , Bühlmann Lena , Burger Stefanie
Published: May 2023

Natürliche Quell-Lebensräume beherbergen eine grosse Artenvielfalt, sind jedoch stark bedroht. Viele Quellen wurden in den letzten Jahrzehnten für Trinkwasser gefasst oder sind anderweitig beeinträchtigt. Natürliche, noch ungefasste Quellen sind oft klein und haben eine geringe Schüttung. Allerdings gibt es keinen aktuellen Überblick über deren Standorte und deren Zustand. Das ändert sich nun unter anderem im Kanton Aargau: Bis 2024 sollen dort alle Quellen kartiert und digital erfasst werden. Als wichtige Grundlage dient dazu die historische Quellenkarte von Friedrich Mühlberg von 1901. Eine aktuelle Quellkartierung ist insbesondere für Försterinnen und Förster wichtig: Erste Resultate aus dem Aargau haben gezeigt, dass über drei Viertel aller noch frei fliessenden Quellen im Wald liegen. Der Artikel zeigt auf, wie besonders wertvolle Quellen in der Forstpraxis mit einfachen Massnahmen erhalten werden können. Dazu gehören eine naturnahe Bestockung des Einzugsgebiets und die Rücksichtnahme auf Quellfluren und -bäche bei der forstlichen Planung (Rückegassen, Lagerorte Schnittgut).
Ein Vergleich von räumlichen Klimadaten mit unabhängigen LWF-Messungen für die Schweiz
Authors: Didion Markus , Haeni Matthias , Schmatz Dirk R. , Zappa Massimiliano , Zellweger Florian
Published: May 2023

Gegitterte Klimadaten mit einer regelmässigen räumlichen Auflösung sind eine wichtige Grundlage für Umweltstudien. Sie werden mithilfe statistischer Methoden aus Punktdaten von Messstationen erzeugt und haben insbesondere in topografisch komplexen Gebirgsregionen wie den Schweizer Alpen eine limitierte Genauigkeit. Dieser Artikel vergleicht vier für die Schweiz entwickelte gegitterte Datensätze unterschiedlicher Temperatur- und Niederschlagsvariablen mit unabhängigen Messdaten von 14 Dauerbeobachtungsflächen der Langfristigen Waldökosystemforschung (LWF) über einen Zeitraum von 20 Jahren. Die Resultate dienen als Entscheidungshilfe zur Wahl eines für eine grossflächige Anwendung zuverlässigen und homogenen Datensatzes. Die untersuchten Datensätze mit individuellen Stärken und Schwächen kommen für Anwendungen in der Schweiz infrage.
Crowdfunding für einen gesunden und zukunftsfähigen Schweizer Wald
Authors: Merkt Anita
Published: May 2023

Seit Anfang Jahr sammelt das Umweltunternehmen SwissTrees Spenden von Firmen und Privaten. Das Geld kommt Försterinnen und Waldbesitzern zugute, die in ihrem Revier klimaresistente Bäume pflanzen oder alte Baumriesen erhalten, deren Kronen für die Biodiversität eine wichtige Rolle spielen.
PERENCANAAN ARSITEKTUR SISTEM INFORMASI ADMINISTRASI KANTOR URUSAN AGAMA (KUA) MENGGUNAKAN TOGAF (STUDI KASUS: KUA KECAMATAN INDRAMAYU)
Authors: Heryanto Heri , Kohar Abdul
Published: May 2023

Kantor Urusan Agama (KUA) Kecamatan Indramayu membutuhkan arsitektur sistem informasi administrasi yang dapat menyediakan data serta informasi yang berkualitas untuk mendukung kebutuhan dan strategi bisnis. Perencanaan arsitektur ini menggunakan The Open Group Architecture Framework Architecture Development Method (TOGAF ADM) sebagai metode atau kerangka acuan untuk membangun sebuah arsitektur sistem informasi administrasi yang diinginkan, metode TOGAF ini ditekankan pada empat langkah, yaitu penetapan visi arsitektur sistem informasi, perencanaan arsitektur bisnis, perencanaan arsitektur sistem informasi dan perencanaan arsitektur teknologi. Hasil dari penelitian ini akan menunjang proses administrasi Kantor Urusan Agama Kecamatan Indramayu secara menyeluruh dan menyelesaikan permasalahan sistem informasi yang masih belum terintegrasi.
PENGARUH RASIO PROFITABILITAS TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM (Pada Perusahaan Jasa Konstruksi Bangunan Yang Terdaftar Di Bei Tahun 2013-2019)
Authors: Herlini Mutia Ayu , Suhendro Suhendro , Wijayanti Anita
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisi seberapaa besar pengaruh ROA, ROE, EPS, dan NPM terhadap harga saham pada perusahaann jasa sektor kontruksi bangunan periode tahun 2013-2019. Metode penelitian ini adalahh kuantitatif. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 19 perusahaan. Metode penentuann sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling. Analisa data dalam penelitian inii menggunakan analisis regresi linearr berganda. Hasil penelitian secara simultan menunjukkann bahwa ROA, ROE, EPS, dan NPM secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap harga saham, sedangkan secara parsial menunjukkan bahwa ROA tidak berpengaruh terhadap harga saham, ROE tidak berpengaruh terhadap harga saham, EPS berpengaruh positif terhadap harga saham, NPM berpengaruh negatiff terhadap harga saham.

The purpose of this research this aims to test and analyze how much great influence ROA, ROE, EPS, and NPM on stock prices in building construction service companies for the period 2013-2019. This research method is quantitative. The sample of this research is 19 companies. The sampling method used was purposive sampling. Analysis of the data in this study using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the research simultaneously show that ROA, ROE, EPS, dan NPM together have an effect on stock prices, while partially show that ROA has no effect on stock prices, ROE has no effect on stock prices, EPS has a positive effect on stock prices, NPM has a negative effect on stock prices.