bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Un historien en interdisciplinarité. Essai d’épistémologie située
Authors: Cornu Pierre
Published: June 2023

L’essor de la question environnementale dans la recherche française depuis les années 1990 s’est accompagné à la fois d’un fort développement de l’interdisciplinarité et d’une convocation sans cesse plus pressante de l’histoire, d’abord comme récit, ensuite comme méthode. Cette contribution se propose d’analyser ce processus au prisme d’une trajectoire située, celle de l’auteur, historien de métier progressivement intégré à une communauté épistémique formée autour des approches interdisciplinaires des relations entre natures, sciences et sociétés, et amené à y partager l’heuristique du récit comme élucidation de « ce qui arrive au temps » dans l’anthropocène.
Follow-Up and Outcome after Coronary Bypass Surgery Preceded by Coronary Stent Implantation
Authors: Hamiko Marwan , Konrad Nicole , Lagemann Doreen , Gestrich Christopher , Masseli Franz , Oezkur Mehmet , Velten Markus , Treede Hendrik , Duerr Georg Daniel
Published: June 2023

Background Guidelines on myocardial revascularization define recommendations for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Only little information exists on long-term follow-up and quality of life (QoL) after CABG preceded by PCI. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of prior PCI on outcome and QoL in patients with stable coronary artery disease who underwent CABG.

Methods In our retrospective study, CABG patients were divided in: CABG preceded by PCI: PCI-first (PCF), and CABG-only (CO) groups. The PCF group was further divided in guideline-conform (GCO) and guideline nonconform (GNC) subgroups, according to the SYNTAX score (2014 European Society of Cardiology [ESC]/European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery [EACTS] guidelines). Thirty days mortality, major adverse cardiac events, and QoL using the European Quality-of-Life–5 Dimensions were evaluated.

Results A total of 997 patients were analyzed, of which 784 underwent CABG without (CO), and 213 individuals with prior PCI (PCF). The latter group consisted of 67 patients being treated in accordance (GCO), and 24 in discordance (GNC) to the 2014 ESC/EACTS guidelines. Reinfarction (PCF: 3.8% vs. CO: 1.0%; p = 0.024), re-angiography (PCF: 17.6% vs. CO: 9.0%; p = 0.004), and re-PCI (PCF: 10.4% vs. CO: 3.0%; p < 0.001) were observed more frequently in PCF patients. Also, patients reported better health status in the CO compared to PCF group (CO: 72.48 ± 19.31 vs. PCF: 68.20 ± 17.86; p = 0.01). Patients from the guideline nonconform subgroup reported poorer health status compared to the guideline-conform group (GNC: 64.23 ± 14.56 vs. GCO: 73.42 ± 17.66; p = 0.041) and were more likely to require re-PCI (GNC: 18.8% vs. GCO: 2.4%; p = 0.03). Also, GNC patients were more likely to have left main stenosis (GCO: 19.7% vs. GNC: 37.5%; p < 0.001) and showed higher preinterventional SYNTAX score (GCO: 18.63 ± 9.81 vs. GNC: 26.67 ± 5.07; p < 0.001).

Conclusion PCI preceding CABG is associated with poorer outcomes such as reinfarction, re-angiography, and re-PCI, but also worse health status and higher rehospitalization. Nevertheless, results were better when PCI was guideline-conformant. This data should impact the Heart Team decision.
Unilateral Lung Agenesis: A Case Series and Review of Literature
Authors: Weber Jennifer , Sati Sunil Kumar , Karody Vijender Rao
Published: June 2023

Unilateral lung agenesis is a rare congenital abnormality that typically presents with respiratory distress after birth. Prognostic factors include the side of the lung affected along with the presence or absence of other congenital abnormalities. Prenatal imaging can make the diagnosis that can assist the healthcare team in preparing to care for the neonate, as well as set expectations for the family. In this case series, we describe three cases of unilateral lung agenesis, two infants with right lung agenesis, and one with the left. We describe their presentation, provide a brief clinical course, and discuss outcomes.
Is Increasing Parity Associated with Adverse Perinatal Outcomes in Dichorionic Twin Gestations?
Authors: Rao Manasa G. , Debolt Chelsea A. , Wang Kelly , Khurana Sonia G. , Mills Alexandra N. , Paul Keisha , Vieira Luciana , Rebarber Andrei , Fox Nathan S. , Stone Joanne
Published: June 2023

Objective Dichorionic twins have increased risk of preterm birth and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Grand multiparity may be associated with adverse perinatal outcomes in singleton pregnancies, although the effect of increasing parity in twins is unclear. This study aimed to elucidate whether grand multiparity leads to adverse outcomes in dichorionic twins compared with multiparity and nulliparity.

Study Design This was a retrospective review of dichorionic twins at a single institution between January 2008 and December 2019 comparing pregnancy outcomes among grand multiparity, multiparity, and nulliparity. Primary outcome was preterm birth less than 37 weeks. Multivariable regression controlled for differing demographics, prior preterm birth, use of reproductive technologies, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Chi square and Fisher's exact were used for categorical variables and Kruskal–Wallis was used for continuous variables.

Results A total of 843 (60.3%) pregnancies were nulliparous, 499 (35.7%) multiparous, and 57(4.1%) grand multiparous. Univariate analysis indicated that multiparous women had lower incidence of preterm birth less than 37, 34, and 32 weeks (57 vs. 51%, p = 0.04; 19.2 vs. 14.0%, p = 0.02; 9.6 vs. 5.6%, p = 0.01) and that grand multiparous women had lower incidence of preterm birth less than 34 weeks (19.2 vs. 5.3%, p = 0.008) compared with nulliparous women. Multivariable regression confirmed multiparous women had lower odds of preterm birth less than 34 and 32 weeks compared with nulliparous women (<34 wk: odds ratio [OR] = 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.49–0.97, p = 0.03; <32 wk: OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.29–0.79, p = 0.004) and that multiparous women (OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.42–0.77, p = 0.0002) and grand multiparous women (OR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.08–0.68, p = 0.0074) had lower incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy when compared with nulliparous women.

Conclusion Grand multiparity is not associated with adverse perinatal outcomes compared with nulliparity or multiparity in dichorionic twins. Increasing parity may protect against incidence of preterm birth and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy even among grand multiparous women.

Key Points
Evaluating the Association between Prenatal Care Visits and Adverse Perinatal Outcome in Pregnancies Complicated by Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Pinchman Elizabeth V. , Lende Michelle N. , Feustel Paul , Lynch Tara
Published: June 2023

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the association between number of prenatal care visits and adverse perinatal outcome among pregnant individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD).

Study Design This is a retrospective cohort of singleton, nonanomalous pregnancies complicated by OUD that delivered from January 2015 to July 2020 at our academic medical center. Primary outcome was the presence of composite adverse perinatal outcome, defined as one or more of the following: stillbirth, placental abruption, perinatal death, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, need for morphine treatment, and hyperbilirubinemia. Logistic and linear regression estimated the association between the number of prenatal care visits and the presence of adverse perinatal outcome. A Mann–Whitney U test evaluated the association between number of prenatal care visits and length of hospital stay for the neonate.

Results A total of 185 patients were identified, of which 35 neonates required morphine treatment for neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome. During pregnancy, most individuals were treated with buprenorphine 107 (57.8%), whereas 64 (34.6%) received methadone, 13 (7.0%) received no treatment, and 1 (0.5%) received naltrexone. The median number of prenatal care visits was 8 (interquartile range: 4–10). With each additional visit per 10 weeks of gestational age, the risk of adverse perinatal outcome decreased by 38% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.451–0.854). The need for neonatal intensive care and hyperbilirubinemia also significantly decreased with additional prenatal visits. Neonatal hospital stay decreased by a median of 2 days (95% CI: 1–4) for individuals who received more than the median of eight prenatal care visits.

Conclusion Pregnant individuals with OUD who attend fewer prenatal care visits experience more adverse perinatal outcome. Future research should focus on barriers to prenatal care and interventions to improve access in this high-risk population.

Key Points
The Special Delivery Unit: A Novel Concept for Mother–Baby Continuity for Major Fetal Abnormalities
Authors: Moise Kenneth J. , Bebbington Michael W. , Nix Michael , Thomas Heather , Kosko Andrew
Published: June 2023

Objective This article describes the experience in the planning and development of a special delivery unit (SDU) at our free-standing children's hospital in Austin, Texas.

Study Design Description of various aspects of the development of the SDU. In addition, telephone surveys were obtained from five other institutions regarding the planning and current status of their SDUs.

Results Since the advent of the SDU at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia in 2008, several free-standing children's hospitals have opened similar units at their institutions. Developing an obstetrical unit in a children's hospital can be a daunting task on many fronts. The costs of providing 24-hour obstetrical, nursing, and anesthesiology coverage must be considered. Although most SDUs are associated with a fetal center and fetal surgery/interventions, some units function exclusively for the delivery of pregnancies complicated by major fetal conditions where the neonate will require immediate surgical care or other interventions.

Conclusion Research on the cost-effectiveness and the effect of SDUs on clinical outcome, teaching, and patient satisfaction is warranted.

Key Points
Open Reduction of an Isolated Anterior Nasal Spine Fracture: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Park Jinwoo , Yun In Sik , Roh Tai Suk , Kim Young Seok
Published: June 2023

A 14-year-old girl had a midfacial trauma event caused by hitting against an opening door and experienced discomfort and swelling of the columella and upper lip. Physical examination revealed mild tenderness on light palpation without any discomfort with upper lip movement. A computed tomography scan of the maxillofacial bones with three-dimensional reconstruction showed a fracture of the anterior nasal spine with obvious leftward displacement, mild-deviation of the caudal aspect of the nasal septum, and no sign of nasal bone fracture. Open reduction and internal fixation was performed with regard to aesthetic and functional concerns, including nasal septum deviation. The postoperative course was uneventful, and healing proceeded normally without complications. Herein, we emphasize the importance of differential diagnosis of isolated anterior nasal spine fractures in patients with midfacial trauma and clinicians' strategic decision-making in treatment modalities.
Access to Fluorinated Quaternary Stereogenic Centers via Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic C–H Alkylation
Authors: Wei Jia-Hui , Jin You-Xiang , Wang Pu-Sheng , Gong Liu-Zhu
Published: June 2023

A Pd-catalyzed branch- and enantioselective allylic C–H alkylation reaction has been developed for the rapid assembly of fluorinated quaternary stereogenic centers from allylarenes and prochiral α-fluorinated esters. Using chiral phosphoramidite as ligand and 2,5-diphenylquinone as oxidant, the reaction proceeds smoothly under mild conditions and tolerates a broad scope of substrates, resulting in α-quaternary fluorinated ester products with high levels of yields, enantioselectivities, and regioselectivities.
Effect of Normal Saline versus PlasmaLyte on Coagulation and Metabolic Status in Patients Undergoing Neurosurgical Procedures
Authors: Arora Vandna , Khatri Akanksha , Bala Renu , Kumar Vibhuti , Arora Rashmi , Jindal Shweta
Published: June 2023

Background The choice of intraoperative fluid in neurosurgical patients is important as we need to maintain adequate cerebral perfusion and oxygenation and also avoid cerebral edema. Normal saline (NS) is commonly used in neurosurgeries, but it leads to hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, which may result in coagulopathy. Balanced crystalloid with physiochemical composition akin to that of plasma has favorable effects on metabolic profile and may avoid the problems associated with NS. Against this background, the present study aimed to compare the effects of NS versus PlasmaLyte (PL) on coagulation profile in patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures.

Methods This prospective, randomized, double-blinded study was conducted in 100 adult patients scheduled to undergo various neurosurgical procedures. Patients were randomly allocated in two groups of 50 each to receive either NS or PL intraoperatively and postoperatively till 4 hours after the surgery. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, coagulation profile (PT, PTT, and INR), serum chloride, pH, blood urea, and serum creatinine were measured prior to induction (baseline) and 4 hours after completion of surgery.

Results Demographic characteristics were statistically similar between the two groups. Coagulation profile parameters were comparable between the two groups at baseline as well as 4 hours after surgery. pH was significantly lower in the NS group as compared to the PL group at 4 hours after surgery. Postoperatively blood urea, serum creatinine, and serum chloride levels were significantly raised in the NS group as compared to the PL group. Hemoglobin and hematocrit values were similar between the two groups.

Conclusion Coagulation profile parameters were normal and statistically similar with intraoperative infusion of NS versus PL in patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures. However, use of PL was associated with a better acid–base and renal profile in these patients.
Supratentorial Intracerebral Hematoma as a Rare Complication of Posterior Fossa Surgery in Prone Position: A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Prajapati Hanuman Prasad , Kumar Raj
Published: June 2023

Supratentorial intracerebral hematoma is a rare complication after posterior fossa tumor surgery in prone positioning. Although rare, its occurrence may cause significant impact on survival of the patient. We had described this rare complication and their possible pathophysiology in this report. A 52-year-old male with fourth ventricle epidermoid tumor with noncommunicative hydrocephalus was presented to us in drowsy condition in emergency department. Right-sided medium pressure ventriculoperitoneal surgery was performed in emergency. After shunt surgery patient become conscious and oriented. Total excision of tumor was done via suboccipital craniotomy in prone positioning after preanesthesia fitness. Patient extubated from anesthesia and was conscious but after 2 hours patient condition deteriorated. Patient was intubated again and taken on ventilatory support. Postoperative plain computed tomography brain showed total excision of tumor with left temporal lobe hematoma. Patient was managed conservatively and his condition improved in 3 weeks' periods. Supratentorial intracerebral hematoma after posterior fossa surgery in prone positioning is a rare complication. Despite the rarity of this complication, it is still challenging as it may lead to significant morbidity and mortality.
Relationship between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Sleep Disturbances in Syrian Refugees in the United States
Authors: Sankari Safa , Wrobel Nancy , Leonard Michelle , Grasser Lana , Sankari Abdulghani , Javanbakht Arash
Published: June 2023

Background Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with disturbed sleep. However, the impact of sleep disturbances and PTSD symptomology in refugee populations is not well known. This study examined how PTSD-related sleep symptoms and overall sleep quality were impacted by previous and current traumatic and stressful experiences.

Methods Adult Syrian refugees living in Southeast Michigan were assessed via scheduled in-home interviews. Overall sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. PTSD-related sleep disturbances were measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Addendum. The presence of PTSD symptomatology was assessed via self-report using the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist. The Life Events Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition-5 screened for prior traumatic events experienced and the Postmigration Living Difficulties Questionnaire was assessed for postmigration stressors. Correlational analysis was conducted between overall sleep quality, PTSD symptom severity, and previous trauma experienced. A stepwise linear regression analysis was conducted to examine the role of overall sleep quality, PTSD-specific sleep disturbances, current living difficulties, and the number of preimmigration traumatic events directly experienced or witnessed due to the presence of overall PTSD symptomology.

Results A total of 53 adults completed the study. PTSD-disturbed sleep was found to be positively associated with overall poor sleep quality (r = 0.42, p < 0.01), PTSD symptomology (r = 0.65, p < 0.01), and current living difficulties (r = 0.37, p < 0.05). The PTSD-related sleep disturbances (B = 0.66, p < 0.01) and postmigration living difficulties (B = 0.44, p < 0.01) were found to be the strongest predictors of PTSD symptoms.

Conclusion Disturbed sleep is strongly associated with current stressful experiences and PTSD symptomology among Syrian refugees.
Decolonizing Epidemiological Research: A Critical Perspective
Authors: Adebisi Yusuff Adebayo
Published: June 2023

Decolonizing epidemiological research is a crucial endeavor. Historically, colonial and imperialistic ideologies have pervaded epidemiology, leading to an emphasis on Western perspectives and the neglect of indigenous and other marginalized communities' needs and experiences. To effectively address health disparities and promote justice and equality, acknowledging and addressing these power imbalances are imperative. In this article, I highlight the need of decolonizing epidemiological research and make recommendations. These include increasing the representation of researchers from underrepresented communities, ensuring that epidemiological research is contextually relevant and responsive to the experiences of these communities, and collaborating with policymakers and advocacy groups to inform policies and practices that benefit all populations. Moreover, I underscore the importance of recognizing and valuing the knowledge and skills of marginalized populations, and integrating traditional knowledge—the distinct, culturally specific understanding unique to a particular group—into research efforts. I also emphasize the need of capacity building and equitable research collaborations and authorship as well as epidemiological journal editorship. Decolonizing epidemiology research is a continual process that requires continuing discourse, collaboration, and education.
High temperature spin Hall effect in topological insulator
Authors: Shirokura Takanori , Hai Pham Nam
Published: June 2023

Applications of spin–orbit torque (SOT) spintronic devices to automobile or space vehicles require a spin Hall material with high performance at high temperature (>120 °C). However, the spin Hall effect has been studied so far in many materials mostly from cryogenic to room temperature. Here, we studied the spin Hall effect in BiSb topological insulator up to 125 °C. Although the effective spin Hall angle θSHeff of BiSb monotonically decreases with increasing temperature, BiSb maintains a large θSHeff of 4.9 even at 125 °C, demonstrating the capability of BiSb for high temperature applications. Furthermore, the temperature-dependence of the spin Hall conductivity indicates that the topological surface states are the origin of the giant spin Hall effect in BiSb.
The Maslov index and some applications to dispersion relations in curved space times
Authors: Morales Juliana Osorio , Santillán Osvaldo Pablo
Published: June 2023

The aim of the present work is to generalize the results given in Osorio Morales and Santillán [Eur. Phys. J. C 82, 353 (2022)] to a generic situation for causal geodesics. It is argued that these results may be of interest for causality issues. Recall that the presence of superluminal signals in a generic space time (M, gμν) does not necessarily imply violations of the principle of causality {[G. M. Shore, Nucl. Phys. B 778, 219 (2007)] and [T. J. Hollowood and G. M. Shore, Phys. Lett. B 655, 67 (2007)]}. In flat spaces, global Lorenz invariance leads to the conclusion that closed time-like curves appear if these signals are present. In a curved space instead, there is only local Poincare invariance, and the presence of closed causal curves may be avoided even in the presence of a superluminal mode, especially when terms violating the strong equivalence principle appear in the action. This implies that the standard analytic properties of the spectral components of these functions are therefore modified, and in particular, the refraction index n(ω) is not analytic in the upper complex ω plane. The emergence of these singularities may also take place for non-superluminal signals due to the breaking of global Lorenz invariance in a generic space time. In the present work, it is argued that the homotopy properties of the Maslov index are useful for studying how the singularities of n(ω) vary when moving along a geodesic congruence. In addition, several conclusions obtained in Shore [Nucl. Phys. B 778, 219 (2007)] and Hollowood and Shore [Phys. Lett. B 655, 67 (2007)] are based on the Penrose limit along a null geodesic, and they are restricted to GR with matter satisfying strong energy conditions. The use of the Maslov index may allow a more intrinsic description of singularities, not relying on that limit, and a generalization of these results about non-analyticity to generic gravity models with general matter content.
Epicycle-model-guided arbitrary shaped customization of structured light
Authors: Fan H. H. , Tai Y. P. , Li H. H. , Li X. Z. , Zhan Q. W.
Published: June 2023

Structured light has been exploited as an important tool for particle manipulation along a desired complex path. However, generating the required structured light illumination for the creation of an arbitrary shape without an analytic expression as a guide is challenging, specifically for designing a structured beam by mapping the shape of an arbitrary object. To address this issue, we propose an effective scheme to customize structured light freely and precisely by modifying the epicycle model in astrophysics. Predesigned structured beams can be identified with or without explicit analytic expressions of the desired shapes. Moreover, we study the roles and relationships between the number of epicycles and the number of key points. The local stretching and transformation of a specific structured beam are also analyzed. The advantages of the proposed method are demonstrated by conducting dynamic manipulation experiments using polystyrene particles. This method is simple and intuitive and provides an effective toolkit for the design of structured light for more complex tasks, thus facilitating advanced applications in optical manipulations.
Engineering the directionality of hot carrier tunneling in plasmonic tunneling structures
Authors: Abbasi Mahdiyeh , Liao Shusen , Zhu Yunxuan , Natelson Douglas
Published: June 2023

Tunneling metal–insulator–metal (MIM) junctions can exhibit an open-circuit photovoltage (OCPV) response under illumination that may be useful for photodetection. One mechanism for photovoltage generation is hot carrier tunneling, in which photoexcited carriers generate a net photocurrent that must be balanced by a drift current in the open-circuit configuration. We present experiments in electromigrated planar MIM structures, designed with asymmetric plasmonic properties using Au and Pt electrodes. Decay of optically excited local plasmonic modes preferentially creates hot carriers on the Au side of the junction, leading to a clear preferred directionality of the hot electron photocurrent and hence a preferred polarity of the resulting OCPV. In contrast, in an ensemble of symmetric devices constructed from only Au, polarity of the OCPV has no preferred direction.
Reservoir computing reduced-order model based on particle image velocimetry data of post-stall flow
Authors: Iwasaki Yuto , Nagata Takayuki , Sasaki Yasuo , Nakai Kumi , Inubushi Masanobu , Nonomura Taku
Published: June 2023

The present study proposes a reservoir computing reduced-order model (RCROM) of the post-stall flow around the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics 0015 airfoil based on the time series velocity field, and the estimation accuracy of the RCROM is evaluated compared to that of a linear reduced-order model (LROM). The data were experimentally obtained by particle image velocimetry at a chord Reynolds number of 6.4 × 104 and an angle of attack of 18°. The low-dimensional description of the velocity field can be obtained by decomposing the velocity field with a proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) technique and by employing the leading POD mode coefficients as temporal variables of the data instead of the velocity field. Reservoir computing (RC) is adopted as a nonlinear function that predicts several steps ahead of the leading POD mode coefficients. The hyperparameters of RC are tuned by Bayesian optimization, and the optimized RCROM outperforms the LROM in terms of estimation accuracy. The estimation accuracy of the RCROM can be investigated under different numbers of the predicted dominant POD modes and prediction step conditions. As a result, the RCROM shows higher estimation accuracy than the LROM.
A two-phase density-based solver for simulating wet steam flows with non-equilibrium condensation. I. Approach and verification
Authors: Luo Mengqiong , Lu Shun , Zhu Qingyong
Published: June 2023

This paper presents a new two-phase density-based solver based on the finite difference method for simulating high-speed wet steam flows with non-equilibrium condensation. The solver employs the Eulerian–Eulerian approach to model the wet steam flow using a fifth-order accurate weighted compact nonlinear scheme. The phase change of wet steam involves droplet growth in a non-equilibrium condensation process based on the internally consistent classical theory. To speed up computation, a tabulated equation of state approach with curvilinear grids is developed, and an improved Harten-Lax–van Leer-contact-type Riemann solver is used to compute inviscid fluxes. Furthermore, the automatic differentiation technique is applied to avoid manually deriving complicated derivatives when computing flux Jacobian matrices and thermodynamic properties. A numerical investigation is conducted on flow via various kinds of nozzles and blades, and the results demonstrate that the numerical model accurately predicts the behaviors observed in the experiments.
Advection-enhanced heat and mass transport from neutrally suspended droplet in simple shear flow
Authors: Wang Yanxing , Vazquez Alvarez David , Wan Hui , Gonzalez Pizarro Ruben , Shu Fangjun
Published: June 2023

Advection-enhanced heat and mass transport from a single droplet neutrally suspended in a simple shear flow has been studied using high-fidelity numerical simulation. The capillary number ranges from 0.01 to 0.5, which encompasses the entire range of small deformation, large deformation, and breakup of the droplets. The Reynolds number is from 0.01 to 1, including regions of both weak and strong advection. The temperature and mass concentration are modeled as the concentration of a passive scalar released at the droplet surface. Two Schmidt numbers, 10 and 100, are considered, for which flow advection plays a role in the transport of passive scalar. For unbroken droplets, the interaction between the carrier fluid and the suspended droplet leads to several different flows around the droplet. The fluid motions together with scalar diffusion constitute a coupled transport mechanism for passive scalar. The dependence of scalar release rate on Reynolds and Peclet numbers can be roughly described by the correlation for a rigid sphere. For broken droplets, the basic flow features around the droplet during the process of elongation and breakup are similar to those of an unbroken droplet. The variation of the scalar release rate can be decomposed into several stages, corresponding to the process of droplet elongation and breakup. The variation of the scalar release rate exhibits a high correlation with the capillary, Reynolds, and Peclet numbers. This suggests that it is feasible to develop an empirical model that incorporates the effects of the number and size distributions of child droplets after breakup.
Post-detonation fireball modeling: Validation of freeze out approximations
Authors: Egeln Anthony A. , Hewson John C. , Guildenbecher Daniel R. , Marinis Ryan T. , Welliver Marc C. , Houim Ryan W.
Published: June 2023

A numerical simulation study was performed to examine the post-detonation reaction processes produced by the detonation of a 12 mm diameter hemispherical pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) explosive charge. The simulations used a finite rate detailed chemical reaction model consisting of 59 species and 368 reactions to capture post-detonation reaction processes including air dissociation from Mach 19+ shock waves that initially break out of the PETN charge, reactions within the detonation products during expansion, and afterburning when the detonation products mix with the shock heated air. The multi-species and thermodynamically complete Becker–Kistiakowsky–Wilson real-gas equation of state is used for the gaseous phase to allow for the mixing of reactive species. A recent simplified reactive burn model is used to propagate the detonation through the charge and allow for detailed post-detonation reaction processes. The computed blast, shock structures, and mole fractions of species within the detonation products agree well with experimental measurements. A comparison of the simulation results to equilibrium calculations indicates that the assumption of a local equilibrium is fairly accurate until the detonation products rapidly cool to temperatures in the range of 1500–1900 K by expansion waves. Below this range, the computed results show mole fractions that are nearly chemically frozen within the detonation products for a significant portion of expansion. These results are consistent with the freeze out approximation used in the blast modeling community.
AI-aided holographic flow cytometry for label-free identification of ovarian cancer cells in the presence of unbalanced datasets
Authors: Borrelli F. , Behal J. , Cohen A. , Miccio L. , Memmolo P. , Kurelac I. , Capozzoli A. , Curcio C. , Liseno A. , Bianco V. , Shaked N. T. , Ferraro P.
Published: June 2023

Liquid biopsy is a valuable emerging alternative to tissue biopsy with great potential in the noninvasive early diagnostics of cancer. Liquid biopsy based on single cell analysis can be a powerful approach to identify circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the bloodstream and could provide new opportunities to be implemented in routine screening programs. Since CTCs are very rare, the accurate classification based on high-throughput and highly informative microscopy methods should minimize the false negative rates. Here, we show that holographic flow cytometry is a valuable instrument to obtain quantitative phase-contrast maps as input data for artificial intelligence (AI)-based classifiers. We tackle the problem of discriminating between A2780 ovarian cancer cells and THP1 monocyte cells based on the phase-contrast images obtained in flow cytometry mode. We compare conventional machine learning analysis and deep learning architectures in the non-ideal case of having a dataset with unbalanced populations for the AI training step. The results show the capacity of AI-aided holographic flow cytometry to discriminate between the two cell lines and highlight the important role played by the phase-contrast signature of the cells to guarantee accurate classification.
A data-driven approach to solving a 1D inverse scattering problem
Authors: van Leeuwen Tristan , Tataris Andreas
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we extend a recently proposed approach for inverse scattering with Neumann boundary conditions [Druskin et al., Inverse Probl. 37, 075003 (2021)] to the 1D Schrödinger equation with impedance (Robin) boundary conditions. This method approaches inverse scattering in two steps: first, to extract a reduced order model (ROM) directly from the data and, subsequently, to extract the scattering potential from the ROM. We also propose a novel data-assimilation (DA) inversion method based on the ROM approach, thereby avoiding the need for a Lanczos-orthogonalization (LO) step. Furthermore, we present a detailed numerical study and A comparison of the accuracy and stability of the DA and LO methods.
Two spiral vortex breakdowns in confined swirling flow
Authors: Tsoy M. , Skripkin S. , Litvinov I.
Published: June 2023

Two different scenarios of spiral vortex breakdown are observed experimentally and further investigated numerically in the swirl flow into a conical diffuser. The primary spiral vortex breakdown is observed near the inlet of the conical diffuser in cases of the cone angle β>3°. The secondary spiral vortex breakdown occurs at the exit of the cone at β≤3°. Also, the coexistence of two spiral vortices is observed. For the first time, we have visualized and explained the reasons of these observations.
Characterization of (001) β-Ga2O3 Schottky diodes with drift layer grown by MOCVD
Authors: P. Sundaram Prakash , Liu Fengdeng , Alema Fikadu , Osinsky Andrei , Jalan Bharat , Koester Steven J.
Published: June 2023

Growing a thick high-quality epitaxial layer on the β-Ga2O3 substrate is crucial in commercializing β-Ga2O3 devices. Metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) is also well-established for the large-scale commercial growth of β-Ga2O3 and related heterostructures. This paper presents a systematic study of the Schottky barrier diodes fabricated on two different Si-doped homoepitaxial β-Ga2O3 thin films grown on Sn-doped (001) and (010) β-Ga2O3 substrates by MOCVD. X-ray diffraction analysis of the MOCVD-grown sample, room temperature current density–voltage data for different Schottky diodes, and C–V measurements are presented. Diode characteristics, such as ideality factor, barrier height, specific on-resistance, and breakdown voltage, are studied. Temperature dependence (170–360 K) of the ideality factor, barrier height, and Poole–Frenkel reverse leakage mechanism are also analyzed from the J–V–T characteristics of the fabricated Schottky diodes.
Mechanical control inadvertently increases risk of alien plant invasion: influence of stem fragmentation and inundation regimes on Arundo donax regeneration in Neotropical savanna
Authors: Calazans E. , Lopes A. , Girotto L. , de Paula A. L. O. , Franco A. C. , Ferreira C. S.
Published: June 2023

Context Arundo donax L. is an exotic, perennial grass that has invaded dryland and wetland savannas of central Brazil. This species produces sterile flowers in its introduced range and propagates vegetatively via rhizomes and stem fragments. Aims We investigated bud sprouting capacity after fragmentation, which plays a major role in plant-proliferation ability, invasiveness and its escape from weed-control measures. Methods We evaluated the effects of size, different periods of desiccation (by exposure to air), submersion and water-column height on the regenerative capacity of single-node stem fragments. Key results Fragments of a minimum size of 3–4 cm successfully regenerated new plants. The regenerative capacity of single-node stem fragments (3–10 cm length) rapidly decreased after 1 week of air desiccation. Stem fragments that were submerged for 30 days resprouted and formed plants in a water column of 5, 10 or 15 cm, with no significant difference from the controls. However, leaves did not expand and shoot elongation was adversely affected in 15 cm of non-aerated water. This loss of performance was reversed when the newly formed plants were removed from the water and transferred to a moist substrate. Implications Our findings suggest that weed management, which involves cutting the plant to ground level without removing it from the site, is inefficient and can intensify the potential for invasion by A. donax, especially in the rainy season, when left-over stem fragments remain hydrated and capable of regeneration. Its establishment near riverbanks must be monitored because submerged propagules remain viable and able to resprout.
Unprecedented increase in syphilis cases among heterosexual men and women in Japan, 2021–2022
Authors: Kasamatsu Ayu , Takahashi Takuri , Arima Yuzo , Otsuka Miyako , Arashiro Takeshi , Ito Hanae , Tabata Sakiko , Yamagishi Takuya , Suzuki Motoi
Published: June 2023

Based on national surveillance data, we describe an unprecedented increase in syphilis case reports in Japan, with a surge in 2021–2022 reaching 10 141 cases in Week 42, 2022, a 1.7-fold increase over the same period in 2021. This already represented the highest annual case count in nearly half a century; by Week 52, 2022, the number reached 12 966, far surpassing the 7978 cases in 2021. Predominantly affecting heterosexual men and young women, the proportionate increase in primary and secondary syphilis cases suggests a true increase in incidence. The syphilis surge during the pandemic poses a serious public health concern and underscores the importance of adequate testing and preventive measures.
The gender gap in the ownership of promising land
Authors: Chu C. Y. Cyrus , Hsu Po-Hsuan , Wang Yi-Ting
Published: June 2023

Using millions of observations compiled from the public administrative data of Taiwan, we find a surprising gender inequity in terms of real estate: Men own more land than women, and the annual rate of return (ROR) of men’s land outperform women’s by almost 1% per year. The latter finding of gender-based ROR difference is in sharp contrast to prior evidence that women outperform men in security investment, and also suggests a quantity-and-quality double jeopardy in female land ownership which, given the heavy weight of real estate in individual wealth, has important implications for wealth inequality among men and women. Our statistical analyses suggest that such a gender-based difference in land ROR cannot be attributed to individual-level factors such as liquidity preferences, risk attitudes, investment experience, and behavioral biases, as described in the literature. Rather, we hypothesize parental gender bias—a phenomenon that is still prevalent today—to be the key macrolevel factor. To test our hypothesis, we partition our observations into two groups: an experimental group in which parents can exercise gender discretion, and a control group in which parents cannot exercise such discretion. Our empirical evidence shows that the gender difference with respect to land ROR only exists in the experimental group. For many societies with long-lasting patriarchal traditions, our analysis provides a perspective to help explain gender differences in wealth distribution and social mobility.
In-situ measurement of anisotropic Young’s modulus in fused deposition modeling printed cantilevers
Authors: Tekin Engincan , Çağmel Mehmet , Aydın Can Ozan , Ferhanoğlu Onur , Toy Muhammed Fatih
Published: June 2023

In this study, we investigate the effect of fused deposition modeling printing direction on the effective Young’s modulus value of cantilevers. Through finite-element simulations and experiments with seven different dimensions and totaling over 100 cantilevers, we have observed the impact of printing direction on cantilever resonance. Unlike the conventional compressive and tensile stress—strain characterization, observation of the resonance allows for in-situ testing on the final device under test during operation. Initially, we observed the bulk filament modulus to be 4.5 GPa based on the optimal match between experiments and realistic finite element models expressing the internal structures of the longitudinal and transverse printed cantilevers. Then, the effective Young’s modulus of the cantilevers is inferred through sweeping the Young’s modulus that provides the best fit between the experiments, conventional cantilever formulations and finite-element simulations with solid, homogeneous, and isotropic cantilever model. Overall, we observed an average effective Young’s modulus of 3.35 GPa for the cantilevers with longitudinal (along the cantilever axis) deposited filaments and an average effective Young’s Modulus of 2.50 GPa for the transverse (perpendicular to the cantilever axis, along the width dimension) deposited Polylactic acid cantilevers. Eventually, simplified shape outline and effective Young’s modulus for the corresponding printing direction eases the subsequent theoretical and simulation analyses. The presented methodology is also applicable to micrometric and sub-micrometric scale serial manufacturing techniques (i.e. two-photon polymerization) where the laser beams steering direction causes anisotropy in the mechanical properties of the device under test.
Enhanced performance of PC6 monolayer as Li-ion battery anode materials by nitrogen doping
Authors: Gao Han , Su Ningning
Published: June 2023

The development of new promising anode materials is important for further commercial applications of batteries. In this paper, the potential of nitrogen-doped PC6 (NCP-α and NCP-β) monolayer materials in the development of anode materials for Li ion batteries was discussed by means of density functional theory calculations. Both NCP-α and NCP-β have excellent electronic conductivity and a high theoretical maximum storage capacity of 778.72 mA h g−1. The diffusion barriers of Li ions on monolayer NCP-α and NCP-β are 0.33 eV and 0.32 eV, respectively. The average open circuit voltages of NCP-α and NCP-β are 0.23 V and 0.27 V, respectively, in the suitable voltage range of anode materials. Compared with pristine PC6 (717.09 mA h g−1), graphene (372 mA h g−1) and many other two-dimensional (2D) (MXenes (447.8 mA h g−1) anode materials, NCP-α and NCP-β have significantly higher theoretical storage capacities, lower diffusion barrier and suitable open-circuit voltages. The calculation results show that NCP-α and NCP-β are potential candidates for high-performance LIBs anode materials.
Quantitative nanopatterning of fg-scale liquids with dip-pen nanolithography
Authors: Saygin Verda , Andersson Sean B , Brown Keith A
Published: June 2023

The ability to precisely pattern nanoscale amounts of liquids is essential for biotechnology and high-throughput chemistry, but controlling fluid flow on these scales is very challenging. Scanning probe lithography methods such as dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) provide a mechanism to write fluids at the nanoscale, but this is an open loop process as methods to provide feedback while patterning sub-pg features have yet to be reported. Here, we demonstrate a novel method for programmably nanopatterning liquid features at the fg-scale through a combination of ultrafast atomic force microscopy probes, the use of spherical tips, and inertial mass sensing. We begin by investigating the required probe properties that would provide sufficient mass responsivity to detect fg-scale mass changes and find ultrafast probes to be capable of this resolution. Further, we attach a spherical bead to the tip of an ultrafast probe as we hypothesize that the spherical tip could hold a drop at its apex which both facilitates interpretation of inertial sensing and maintains a consistent fluid environment for reliable patterning. We experimentally find that sphere-tipped ultrafast probes are capable of reliably patterning hundreds of features in a single experiment. Analyzing the changes in the vibrational resonance frequency during the patterning process, we find that drift in the resonance frequency complicates analysis, but that it can be removed through a systematic correction. Subsequently, we quantitatively study patterning using sphere-tipped ultrafast probes as a function of retraction speed and dwell time to find that the mass of fluid transferred can be modulated by greater than an order of magnitude and that liquid features as small as 6 fg can be patterned and resolved. Taken together, this work addresses a persistent concern in DPN by enabling quantitative feedback for nanopatterning of aL-scale features and lays the foundation for programmably nanopatterning fluids.
Analytical solution to Windkessel models using piecewise linear aortic flow waveform
Authors: Gnudi Gianni
Published: June 2023

Objective. Deriving time-domain analytical solutions to two- three- and four-element Windkessel models, which are commonly used in teaching and research to analyse the behaviour of the arterial pressure-flow relationship. Approach. The governing (first-order, non-homogeneous, linear) differential equations are solved analytically, based on a piecewise linear function that can accurately approximate typical aortic flow waveforms. Main results. Closed-form expressions for arterial pressure are obtained both in transient conditions and in steady-state periodic regime. Significance. In most cases Windkessel models are studied in the frequency domain and when studied in the time domain, numerical methods are used. The main advantage of the proposed expressions is that they are an explicit, exact, and easily understood mathematical description of the model behaviour. Moreover, they avoid the use of Fourier analysis or numerical solvers to integrate the differential equations.
Positron acceleration by terahertz wave and electron beam in plasma channel
Authors: Xu Zhangli , Shen Baifei , Si Meiyu , Huang Yongsheng
Published: June 2023

We present a scheme of positron acceleration by intense terahertz (THz) wave together with the driving large-charge electron beam in a plasma channel. The THz wave rapidly evolves into a transversely uniform acceleration field and a weakly focusing/defocusing lateral field in the channel. The THz wave is partially formed with the scheme of coherent transition radiation when the electron beam goes through a metal foil and partially because of the wakefield in the plasma channel. The electron beam continuously supplies energy to the THz wave. Such a field structure offers the feasibility of long-distance positron acceleration while preserving beam quality. By two-dimensional simulations, we demonstrate the acceleration of positrons from initial 1 GeV to 126.8 GeV with a charge of ∼10 pC over a distance of 1 m. The energy spread of accelerated positrons is 2.2%. This scheme can utilize the electron beam either from laser-driven or conventional accelerators, showing prospects towards high-quality and flexible THz-driven relativistic positron sources of ∼100 GeV.