bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality of life and its determinants among hypertensive patients in a rural area of district Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh – A community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Bhagat Sanjeev Kumar , Mahajan Harsh , Srivastava Shalini , Juneja Khushboo
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:

Hypertension is the leading cause of mortality and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) all over the world. World Health Organization defines quality of life (QOL) as an individual’s perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards, and concerns.

Aims:

The study was aimed to compare the the QOL of adult hypertensive patients with healthy study subjects and to determine the factors associated with poor QOL among the hypertensive subjects.

Materials and Methods:

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2021 to June 2022 in Gautam Budh Nagar District. The study was carried out among 250 hypertensive patients and 50 healthy persons based on World Health Organization-Quality of Life-BREF questionnaire Manual.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Data collected were entered and statistically analyzed using statistical software (SPSS-22).

Results:

Overall QOL and general health scores were significantly lower among hypertensive subjects showing worsening of QOL among diseased persons (P value <0.001). Factors significantly associated with poor overall QOL were low educational status (P value <0.001), home makers (P value <0.001), lower socio-economic class (P value < 0.001), and subjects with co-morbidities (P value <0.001).

Conclusion:

The findings revealed that QOL was poor among the hypertensive subjects as compared to healthy subjects.
Depression and anxiety among patients with epilepsy: A cross-sectional study from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Shadid Abdullah M. , Alsaber Naif , Aldawish Reema A. , Humaid Hameed M. , AlMubarak Faris , Alazwari Leenah S. , Alosaimi Nourah S. , Alkhaldi Danah , Alhumud Mohammed H. , Shadid Abdulrahman M. , Al Zahrani Nourah
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

It is well established that epileptic disorders are associated with a wide range of psychosocial issues that overburden the affected individuals and limit their lifestyle. This study aimed to determine the commonalities between depression and anxiety symptoms among patients with epilepsy (PWE). In addition, we assessed whether depression and anxiety rates varied depending on factors related to the disease.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2021 and March 2022 among all PWE at Prince Mohammed bin Abdulaziz Hospital, and 147 patients who responded to the questionnaires were included for analysis (65.6% response rate). Depression was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-9), while anxiety levels were measured using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7). Demographic variables such as sex, age, marital status, and factors related to epilepsy were also recorded.

Results:

The results showed that 39.5% and 27.9% of participants had major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), respectively. The presence of factors that increased susceptibility to seizures was associated with a greater expression of depression (P = 0.035) and anxiety (P = 0.002) symptoms. The presence of symptoms/signs that precede seizures was associated with a higher risk of moderate and severe depression (P = 0.001) and moderate and severe anxiety (P < 0.001). Irregular use of medications was associated with a higher risk of moderate and severe depression (P = 0.037); however, lamotrigine was associated with lower rates of depression among the participants (P = 0.023).

Conclusion:

This study found that PWE had a higher prevalence of MDD and GAD than the general population. However, this accepted paradigm has yet to reflect a meaningful change in constructing condition-specific recommendations for PWE. Our study revealed that the presence of subjectively recognized signs of an impending ictal episode was significantly associated with a higher risk of moderate and severe depression and anxiety. Furthermore, factors that increase the susceptibility to seizures were associated with a higher risk of depression and anxiety. Irregular medication use was associated with a higher risk of moderate and severe depression. However, lamotrigine was associated with lower rates of depression among participants.
Explaining ethical challenges and practical solutions from a nursing managements’ perspective: A phenomenological study
Authors: Khosravani Mahboobeh , Taheri Majid , Amini Nazanin , Babaeian Nasrin , Lak Saeed , Nejat Nazi
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction and Objective:

Ethical practice is a vital aspect of nursing interventions. Complying with the ethical aspects of the intervention procedure in a stressful nursing environment is not easy and nurse managers always face ethical challenges which are in conflict with their personal values and norms. Identifying and solving these challenges improves the efficiency and effectiveness of nursing care activities. Therefore, this research was done to explain the ethical challenges of nurse managers and practical solutions from their perspective.

Material and Method:

It is a qualitative study that was carried out based on the phenomenological method in 2022. The participants of this study were 20 nurse managers of Arak hospitals who were selected by purposive sampling until data saturation. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews for 30 to 90 minutes. Data collection was carried out with the participant’s consent, using a digital recording device and verbatim transcription, and then it was analyzed using Van Manen’s six-step hermeneutic phenomenological approach.

Findings:

The results of this study could provide a clear picture of ethical challenges and their practical solutions from the nurse managers’ perspective in the form of four themes of managerial ethical challenges which include challenges facing physicians, organizations, employees, managers, and three themes for practical solutions, including organizational solutions, interpersonal solutions, and educational solutions which were manifested.

Conclusion:

Nurse managers are always faced with ethical challenges in their daily activities. To deal with these challenges, they must be familiar with the rules and principles of professional ethics, practical standards, and laws related to patients’ rights. Ethical principles and awareness of the ethical decision-making process are useful and effective in having capable and ethical nurses who provide competent care. To deal with ethical challenges, it is suggested to consider self-care strategies and structural and specialized support in each center, which will ultimately lead to the improvement of service quality and the promotion of ethics in care-treatment environments.
Evaluation of the effect of biofeedback in women with urinary and fecal incontinence referring to the hospitals of Islamic Azad university of medical sciences, Tehran branch, Iran (2021)
Authors: Vahiddastjerdi Mehdi , Vaghar Mohammad Eslami , Astahi Mohammad Rasool
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Purpose:

Urinary incontinence (URIN) and fecal incontinence (FEIN) are common in women, which affect various aspects of their daily life and general health. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of biofeedback (BFB) in women with urinary and FEIN referring to the hospitals of Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran branch, Iran (2021).

Materials and Methods:

This research was a cohort study that was conducted on 100 women with urinary and FEIN who were referred to selected hospitals of the Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran branch. In this study, before and after BFB, the amount of urinary and FEIN in patients was measured and finally compared by SPSS-ver. 16 software.

Results:

The results of this study showed that the frequency of patients with URIN and FEIN was equal to 66 (66%) and 34 (66%) patients, respectively. After treatment with BFB, 39 (59.1%) patients with URIN and 39 (59.1%) patients with FEIN had symptom improvement. The mean body mass index and the number of pregnancies in patients who improved urinary and FEIN symptoms after BFB were significantly lower than in patients who did not improve symptoms.

Conclusion:

Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that effective and significant factors on the improvement of urinary and FEIN symptoms after BFB include fiber consumption, the presence of underlying diseases such as diabetes, blood pressure, type of delivery, history of depression, history of anorectal surgery, and vaginal delivery was difficult. In addition, based on the findings of the study, it can be said that BFB has an acceptable effect in improving the symptoms of urinary and FEIN in women, although additional studies are needed to confirm the results.
Body composition parameters as predictors of low back pain in rural homemakers of North India
Authors: Sengar Mili , Gupta Abhishek , Singh Swati , Mishra Nandini
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Homemakers are the backbones of families, but in rural India, females suffer from many musculoskeletal problems due to excessive workload in their houses. The objective of the present study is to compare body composition parameters as predictors of low back pain (LBP) in nonworking rural homemakers of North India.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted among 296 homemakers from rural areas of Lucknow district in Uttar Pradesh. Details of LBP and body composition parameters (body mass index, body fat, visceral fat) were taken.

Results:

The prevalence of LBP among homemakers was found to be 15.54%. BMI was found to be a better predictor of LBP than body fat and visceral fat. The risk of LBP is 7.24 times higher in BMI ≥23 than in women with BMI <23. The risk of LBP is 3.67 times more in visceral fat % ≥10% than in women with visceral fat % <10%.

Conclusion:

Age, type of family, socioeconomic status income was identified as risk factors in this population. Maintaining an adequate BMI is essential for the prevention of LBP.
Penile Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma in a Child
Authors: Singhai Palak , Peters Nitin James , Sekar Aravind , Bora Girdhar S. , Gorsi Ujjwal , Mahajan Jai Kumar
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

An 8-year-old boy initially thought to have a penile arteriovenous malformation was later diagnosed with a rare vascular sarcoma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE). Despite challenges in diagnosis, he underwent supraselective angioembolization and partial penectomy for oncological clearance. EHE, a low-grade malignancy, requires prompt identification and treatment due to potential systemic involvement.
Cervicofacial Rhabdomyosarcoma - Success of a Free Fibular Graft
Authors: Totadri Varsha M. , Geetha Viji , Acharya Samir Kant , Narayanan Prasanth J. , Palakundan Shafeek M. , Sugandhi Nidhi , Sreedharan Anjana
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Cervicofacial rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) presents surgical complexities in children due to its aggressive nature. This study presents a successful case of oral RMS treatment with a free fibular graft in a 7-year-old patient. Despite follow-up challenges, the efficacy of the approach is evident.
Flap Closure in Neonatal Neural Tube Defects: Challenges in Flap Design and Lessons Learnt
Authors: Sharma Nitin , Sharma Shipra , Sharma Mini
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Management of neural tube defects (NTDs) is challenging and the outcome is demanding.

Aims:

To analyze the outcomes in operated cases of NTDs closed using various types of flaps.

Materials and Methods:

The data between June 2017 and May 2023 were analyzed. The mode of presentation, timing of intervention, type of flap, neurological status after closure, status of the wound, presence of hydrocephalous, flap blackening, flap necrosis, features of sepsis, and the outcome were recorded and analyzed. Covered NTD; closure done using primary closure or ‘Z’ Plasty (everywhere); incomplete data; lost to follow-up; and not giving consent were excluded from the study.

Results:

Out of 92 cases, 35 were operated using the rhomboid flap, 33 using dufourmentel modification of limberg flap, and 24 using keystone island flap. The mean age at presentation was 4 days (range: 0–28 days). The mean duration of surgery after presentation was 2 days (range: 1–3 days). Mean operating time was 1.15 h (range: 0.45–3.15 h). A ventriculoperitoneal shunt was required in 62 cases at various stages. The preoperative and the postoperative power were nearly the same in all. Wound infection was seen in 2, 3, and 1 cases in each group. Blackening of the flap was seen in 3, 2, and 1 cases in three groups. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak was seen in 2, 2, and 0 cases. Wound dehiscence was present in one case in each group and sepsis was present in 2, 3, and 2, respectively.

Conclusion:

The management of open NTD requires adequate planning. CSF shunting and flap closure are often required.
Rectourethral Fistula after Posterior Urethral Valves Ablation in an Infant: A Rare Complication
Authors: Bhardwaj Ankur , Manchanda Vivek , Kumar Parveen , Sengar Mamta
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Acquired rectourethral fistula (RUF) is a rare but major complication of posterior urethral valve ablation. We present a case of a 1-year-old boy managed in a staged manner by completion of posterior urethral valves ablation, colostomy, RUF division through anterior sagittal transanorectal approach, and stoma closure. The child is continent for urine and feces.
Anesthetic Management of a Massive Cystic Hygroma of the Neck in a Neonate
Authors: Puri Sunaakshi , Jafra Anudeep , Dogra Neeti , Sen Indu Mohini , Solanki Shailesh
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Cystic hygroma of the neck, a congenital benign tumor of the lymphatic system, is a potential cause of neonatal airway obstruction leading to stridor. Meticulous airway evaluation, case appropriate preparation, and use of advanced technology, including videolaryngoscope and ultrasonography, can facilitate the safe management of the difficult airway.
Comparison of Urinary Biomarkers in Diagnosis of Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction and Differentiation from Nonobstructive Dilatation
Authors: Geminiganesan Sangeetha , Kumar Ashwin Raj , Kumaravel S. , Priya C. D. Mohana , Arunaa Sathyamurthy , Babu Ramesh
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:

Differentiation of nonobstructive dilatation (NOD) from ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is a challenge in children with antenatally detected hydronephrosis. The aim of this study is to compare the utility of urinary biomarkers: carbohydrate antigen (CA 19-9), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and kidney injury molecule (KIM) in diagnosing UPJO.

Methods:

A prospective study was conducted after obtaining ethical clearance between 2021 and 2022. Group 1 – control group (n = 30): children with normal antenatal ultrasound with no urinary symptoms. Group 2 – study group (n = 48): children with unilateral hydronephrosis: Group 2a – NOD (n = 24): children stable on ultrasound and diuretic renogram and Group 2b – UPJO (n = 24): children who worsened to Grade 4 hydronephrosis on ultrasound/worsening of differential renal function (10% drop) on renogram who underwent pyeloplasty. Urinary biomarkers NGAL, KIM-1, and CA 19-9 were measured using the enzyme-linked immune absorbent assay method.

Results:

The urine CA 19-9 level was 128.05 ± 4.08 U/mL in the UPJO group, and this was significantly higher (P = 0.001) than NOD, 70.29 ± 4.41, and controls, 1.91 ± 1.57. The urine NGAL level was 21.41 ± 4.44 pg/mL in UPJO, and this was significantly higher than controls, 2.669 ± 0.513, but not NOD, 24.55 ± 2.67. The urine KIM level was 817 ± 15.84 pg/mL in the UPJO group, and this was significantly higher than controls, 285 ± 8.10, but not NOD, 768.23 ± 15.12. Receiver operating characteristic analysis of CA 19-9 revealed a urine biomarker cutoff of 95 U/mL for diagnosing UPJO (sensitivity 95%; specificity 96%; and area under the curve 0.99).

Conclusions:

CA 19-9 is a superior marker compared to NGAL and KIM in differentiating UPJO from NOD. Further studies with larger numbers are warranted.
Makeshift Shunts in Extrahepatic Portal Vein Obstruction in Pediatric Population
Authors: Goel Prabudh , Bhatnagar Veereshwar , Chennur Vikash Srinivasaiahsetty
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:

More than 20% of patients with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO) may be deemed as nonshuntable due to lack of a suitable vein. The role of “makeshift shunts” or “lesser shunts” assumes importance in such cases. In this report, the authors have shared their experience with the makeshift shunts in the management of portal hypertension in children with emphasis upon anatomic considerations, resolution of symptoms, outcomes after surgery, and shunt patency.

Materials and Methods:

During the period 1983–2018, 138 children with portal hypertension were managed under the care of a single surgeon (VB). Of them, 134 were EHPVO. Children with EHPVO were treated with splenectomy and proximal lienorenal shunt (n = 107), splenectomy and devascularization (n = 21), and makeshift shunts (n = 6). Makeshift shunts comprised (i) side-to-side right gastroepiploic vein (Rt-GEV) to left renal vein (LRV) shunt (n = 1), (ii) superior mesenteric vein (SMV) to inferior vena cava (IVC) shunt using a spiral saphenous venous graft (n = 1), (iii) side-to-side inferior mesenteric vein (IMV) to LRV shunt (n = 2), (iv) side-to-side IMV to IVC shunt (n = 1), (v) end-to-side IMV to IVC shunt (n = 1), and (vi) side-to-side IMV to LRV shunt (n = 1) in a case of crossed fused renal ectopia.

Results:

Following the creation of portosystemic shunt, a decline in portal pressure was demonstrated in all six patients. There was resolution of symptoms including hematemesis, melena, and anorectal variceal bleed. None of the patients demonstrated the features of hepatic encephalopathy. The associated portal cavernoma cholangiopathy (n = 1) also resolved following Rt-GEV to LRV shunt. Shunt patency was documented for the entire duration of follow-up (1.5–4 years) in five of six patients; the sixth patient demonstrated shunt block at 6-month follow-up but without recurrence of symptoms.

Conclusions:

Makeshift shunts offer a viable alternative to standard portosystemic shunting in pediatric patients with a nonshuntable vein. The selection of such shunts is, however, subject to surgeon’s preferences and has to be individualized to local anatomy.
Ethical Considerations in Pediatric Surgery
Authors: Sarin Yogesh Kumar , Banerjee Chandrima
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Pediatric surgeons need to learn to give as much importance to the ethical approach as they have been giving to the systemic methodology in their clinical approach all along. The law of the land and the governmental rules also need to be kept in mind before deciding the final solution. They need to always put medical problems in the background of ethical context, reach a few solutions keeping in mind the available resources, and apply the best solution in the interest of their pediatric patients.
Small extracellular vesicles derived from cerebral endothelial cells with elevated microRNA 27a promote ischemic stroke recovery
Authors: Zhang Yi , Liu Zhongwu , Chopp Michael , Millman Michael , Li Yanfeng , Cepparulo Pasquale , Kemper Amy , Li Chao , Zhang Li , Zhang Zheng Gang
Published: March 2024

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202501000-00030/figure1/v/2024-12-10T152134Z/r/image-tiff

Axonal remodeling is a critical aspect of ischemic brain repair processes and contributes to spontaneous functional recovery. Our previous in vitro study demonstrated that exosomes/small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) isolated from cerebral endothelial cells (CEC-sEVs) of ischemic brain promote axonal growth of embryonic cortical neurons and that microRNA 27a (miR-27a) is an elevated miRNA in ischemic CEC-sEVs. In the present study, we investigated whether normal CEC-sEVs engineered to enrich their levels of miR-27a (27a-sEVs) further enhance axonal growth and improve neurological outcomes after ischemic stroke when compared with treatment with non-engineered CEC-sEVs. 27a-sEVs were isolated from the conditioned medium of healthy mouse CECs transfected with a lentiviral miR-27a expression vector. Small EVs isolated from CECs transfected with a scramble vector (Scra-sEVs) were used as a control. Adult male mice were subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion and then were randomly treated with 27a-sEVs or Scra-sEVs. An array of behavior assays was used to measure neurological function. Compared with treatment of ischemic stroke with Scra-sEVs, treatment with 27a-sEVs significantly augmented axons and spines in the peri-infarct zone and in the corticospinal tract of the spinal grey matter of the denervated side, and significantly improved neurological outcomes. In vitro studies demonstrated that CEC-sEVs carrying reduced miR-27a abolished 27a-sEV-augmented axonal growth. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that 27a-sEVs systemically administered preferentially localized to the pre-synaptic active zone, while quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western Blot analysis showed elevated miR-27a, and reduced axonal inhibitory proteins Semaphorin 6A and Ras Homolog Family Member A in the peri-infarct zone. Blockage of the Clathrin-dependent endocytosis pathway substantially reduced neuronal internalization of 27a-sEVs. Our data provide evidence that 27a-sEVs have a therapeutic effect on stroke recovery by promoting axonal remodeling and improving neurological outcomes. Our findings also suggest that suppression of axonal inhibitory proteins such as Semaphorin 6A may contribute to the beneficial effect of 27a-sEVs on axonal remodeling.
New aspects of a small GTPase RAB35 in brain development and function
Authors: Maejima Ikuko , Sato Ken
Published: March 2024

In eukaryotic cells, organelles in the secretory, lysosomal, and endocytic pathways actively exchange biological materials with each other through intracellular membrane trafficking, which is the process of transporting the cargo of proteins, lipids, and other molecules to appropriate compartments via transport vesicles or intermediates. These processes are strictly regulated by various small GTPases such as the RAS-like in rat brain (RAB) protein family, which is the largest subfamily of the RAS superfamily. Dysfunction of membrane trafficking affects tissue homeostasis and leads to a wide range of diseases, including neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, it is important to understand the physiological and pathological roles of RAB proteins in brain function. RAB35, a member of the RAB family, is an evolutionarily conserved protein in metazoans. A wide range of studies using cultured mammalian cells and model organisms have revealed that RAB35 mediates various processes such as cytokinesis, endocytic recycling, actin bundling, and cell migration. RAB35 is also involved in neurite outgrowth and turnover of synaptic vesicles. We generated brain-specific Rab35 knockout mice to study the physiological roles of RAB35 in brain development and function. These mice exhibited defects in anxiety-related behaviors and spatial memory. Strikingly, RAB35 is required for the precise positioning of pyramidal neurons during hippocampal development, and thereby for normal hippocampal lamination. In contrast, layer formation in the cerebral cortex occurred superficially, even in the absence of RAB35, suggesting a predominant role for RAB35 in hippocampal development rather than in cerebral cortex development. Recent studies have suggested an association between RAB35 and neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. In this review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of subcellular functions of RAB35. We also provide insights into the physiological role of RAB35 in mammalian brain development and function, and discuss the involvement of RAB35 dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases.
Enhancement of motor functional recovery in thoracic spinal cord injury: voluntary wheel running versus forced treadmill exercise
Authors: Lee Do-Hun , Cao Dan , Moon Younghye , Chen Chen , Liu Nai-Kui , Xu Xiao-Ming , Wu Wei
Published: March 2024

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202503000-00028/figure1/v/2024-06-17T092413Z/r/image-tiff

Spinal cord injury necessitates effective rehabilitation strategies, with exercise therapies showing promise in promoting recovery. This study investigated the impact of rehabilitation exercise on functional recovery and morphological changes following thoracic contusive spinal cord injury. After a 7-day recovery period after spinal cord injury, mice were assigned to either a trained group (10 weeks of voluntary running wheel or forced treadmill exercise) or an untrained group. Bi-weekly assessments revealed that the exercise-trained group, particularly the voluntary wheel exercise subgroup, displayed significantly improved locomotor recovery, more plasticity of dopaminergic and serotonin modulation compared with the untrained group. Additionally, exercise interventions led to gait pattern restoration and enhanced transcranial magnetic motor-evoked potentials. Despite consistent injury areas across groups, exercise training promoted terminal innervation of descending axons. In summary, voluntary wheel exercise shows promise for enhancing outcomes after thoracic contusive spinal cord injury, emphasizing the role of exercise modality in promoting recovery and morphological changes in spinal cord injuries. Our findings will influence future strategies for rehabilitation exercises, restoring functional movement after spinal cord injury.
Targeting epigenetic mechanisms in amyloid-β–mediated Alzheimer’s pathophysiology: unveiling therapeutic potential
Authors: Li Jennie Z. , Ramalingam Nagendran , Li Shaomin
Published: March 2024

Alzheimer’s disease is a prominent chronic neurodegenerative condition characterized by a gradual decline in memory leading to dementia. Growing evidence suggests that Alzheimer’s disease is associated with accumulating various amyloid-β oligomers in the brain, influenced by complex genetic and environmental factors. The memory and cognitive deficits observed during the prodromal and mild cognitive impairment phases of Alzheimer’s disease are believed to primarily result from synaptic dysfunction. Throughout life, environmental factors can lead to enduring changes in gene expression and the emergence of brain disorders. These changes, known as epigenetic modifications, also play a crucial role in regulating the formation of synapses and their adaptability in response to neuronal activity. In this context, we highlight recent advances in understanding the roles played by key components of the epigenetic machinery, specifically DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNAs, in the development of Alzheimer’s disease, synaptic function, and activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. Moreover, we explore various strategies, including enriched environments, exposure to non-invasive brain stimulation, and the use of pharmacological agents, aimed at improving synaptic function and enhancing long-term potentiation, a process integral to epigenetic mechanisms. Lastly, we deliberate on the development of effective epigenetic agents and safe therapeutic approaches for managing Alzheimer’s disease. We suggest that addressing Alzheimer’s disease may require distinct tailored epigenetic drugs targeting different disease stages or pathways rather than relying on a single drug.
Case Report: Toxocariasis Manifesting as Eosinophilic Pleural Effusion
Authors: Minamii Takahiro , Nishioka Hiroaki
Published: March 2024

Toxocariasis is a prevalent zoonosis caused by infection with the larvae of Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati. It ranges in severity from mundane to life-threatening, depending on organ involvement. The lungs are often affected, manifesting as coughing, wheezing, and chest pain. However, pleural effusions rarely occur in patients with pulmonary toxocariasis. We report the case of a 74-year-old man with highly suspected toxocariasis who presented with an eosinophilic pleural effusion and eosinophilia. He developed dyspnea and a right-sided pleural effusion. Thoracentesis revealed an exudative effusion containing numerous eosinophils. The pleural effusion continued to increase, and the eosinophilia rapidly progressed. Although the patient had not recently had contact with animals or known exposure to contaminated food, water, or soil, toxocariasis was confirmed by positive serological test results for anti-Toxocara antibodies in the serum and pleural effusion. The patient was cured with albendazole treatment for 28 days. The pleural effusion and eosinophilia resolved and did not recur. Clinicians should consider toxocariasis in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with eosinophilic pleural effusions.
Postsurgical Outcomes of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy due to Hippocampal Sclerosis Associated with Calcified Neurocysticercosis
Authors: De la Cruz Walter , Sánchez-Boluarte Sofía S. , Chacón Denisse E. , Herrera Manuel , Núñez del Prado Liza , Vásquez Carlos M. , Delgado José C.
Published: March 2024

The aim of this study was to analyze postsurgical outcomes for individuals with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS) who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy, based on the presence of calcified neurocysticercosis (cNCC). A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 89 patients with MTLE-HS who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy between January 2012 and December 2020 at a basic epilepsy surgery center located in Lima, Peru. We collected sociodemographic, clinical, and diagnostic information. The postsurgical results were analyzed using bivariate analysis according to the Engel classification. We included 89 individuals with a median age of 28 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 24–37), and more than half (55.1%) were male. Seventeen (19.1%) were diagnosed with cNCC. A greater number of patients with cNCC had lived in rural areas of Peru during their early life compared with those without cNCC (12 [70.6%] versus 26 [36.1%]; P = 0.010). Patients with cNCC exhibited a greater median frequency of focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures per month (1 [IQR: 0–2] versus 0 [0–0.5]; P = 0.009). Conversely, a lower proportion of patients with cNCC reported a history of an initial precipitating injury in comparison to the group without cNCC (4 [23.5%] versus 42 [58.3%]; P = 0.014). At the 1-year follow-up, most patients (82.4%) with cNCC were categorized as Engel IA. Similarly, at the 2-year follow-up, nine (75.0%) were classified as Engel IA. Our findings suggest that most patients diagnosed with cNCC exhibit favorable postsurgical outcomes, comparable to those without cNCC. Additionally, it can be postulated that cNCC may play a role as an initial precipitating injury.
Previous Malaria Exposures and Immune Dysregulation: Developing Strategies To Improve Malaria Vaccine Efficacy in Young Children
Authors: Dobbs Katherine R. , Atieli Harrysone E. , Valim Clarissa , Beeson James G.
Published: March 2024

After several decades in development, two malaria vaccines based on the same antigen and with very similar constructs and adjuvants, RTS,S/AS01 (RTS,S) and R21/Matrix-M (R21), were recommended by the WHO for widespread vaccination of children. These vaccines are much-needed additions to malaria control programs that, when used in conjunction with other control measures, will help to accelerate reductions in malaria morbidity and mortality. Although R21 is not yet available, RTS,S is currently being integrated into routine vaccine schedules in some areas. However, the efficacy of RTS,S is partial, short-lived, and varies widely according to age and geographic location. It is not clear why RTS,S induces protection in some individuals and not others, what the immune mechanisms are that favor protective immunity with RTS,S, and how immune mechanisms are influenced by host and environmental factors. Several studies suggest that higher levels of previous malaria exposure negatively impact RTS,S clinical efficacy. In this article, we summarize data suggesting that previous malaria exposures negatively impact the efficacy of RTS,S and other malaria vaccine candidates. We highlight recent evidence suggesting that increasing malaria exposure impairs the generation of functional antibody responses to RTS,S. Finally, we discuss how investigation of clinical and immune factors associated with suboptimal responses to RTS,S can be used to develop strategies to optimize RTS,S, which will remain relevant to R21 and next-generation vaccines.
Longitudinal Air-Breathing Hypersonic Vehicle Nonlinear Dynamic
Simulation with Different Control Inputs
Authors: Singh Ritesh , Prakash Om , Joshi Sudhir , Sharma Rakesh Chandmal
Published: March 2024

The air-breathing hypersonic vehicle (AHV) holds the potential to revolutionize
global travel, enabling rapid transportation to low-Earth orbit and even space
within the next few decades. This study focuses on investigating the nonlinear
dynamic simulation, trim, and stability analysis of a three-degrees-of-freedom
(3DOF) longitudinal model of a generic AHV for variable control surface
deflection, δe and δr. A
simulation is developed to analyze the burstiness of the AHV’s nonlinear
longitudinal behavior, considering the complete flight envelope across a wide
range of Mach numbers, from M = 0 to 24, for selected stable
M. The presented simulation assesses trim analysis and
explores the dynamic stability of the AHV through its flight envelope and
bifurcation method analysis is carried out to gain insight and validate the
dynamic stability using eigen value approach.
TOC
Authors: Tobolski Sue
Published: March 2024

TOC
Steel, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Welding Wire 19Cr - 12.5Ni - 2.5Mo
Authors:   AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Published: March 2024

This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant steel in the form of welding wire.
Communication Transceivers Qualification Requirements - LIN
Authors:   Vehicle Architecture For Data Communications Standards
Published: March 2024

This document covers the requirements for transceiver qualification. Requirements stated in this document will provide a minimum standard level of performance for the LIN transceiver block in the IC to which all compatible transceivers shall be designed. No other features in the IC are tested or qualified as part of this recommended practice. This will assure robust serial data communication among all connected devices regardless of supplier.

The goal of SAE J2962-1 is to commonize approval processes of LIN transceivers across OEMs.

The intended audience includes, but is not limited to, LIN transceiver suppliers, component release engineers, and vehicle system engineers.
Beschreibung des Konzeptes ‚Deutsch lernen wie Robinson Crusoe – der Kurs Fachsprache Ökonomie im Rahmen des Hochschulsommerkurses 2021’
Authors: Dammers Eva
Published: March 2024

Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick über ein aufgabenbasiertes Lernszenario für einen Deutschkurs in Wirtschaftswissenschaften. Das Konzept, das für einen Sommerkurs am Universitätssprachenzentrum der Universität Münster im Jahr 2021 entwickelt und angeboten wurde, bietet einen neuen Ansatz, um sprachliche und fachspezifische Ziele zu verbinden, um den akademischen Sprachgebrauch für Wirtschaftswissenschaftler im Zweitspracherwerbsprozess zu fördern. Kernidee des Konzepts ist es, ein Szenario eines Schiffbruchs auf einer einsamen Insel als Ausgangssituation für die Analyse ökonomischer Theorien und Handlungen zu schaffen. Dieses Szenario zieht sich wie ein roter Faden durch den Kurs. Es ermöglicht uns, die grundlegenden wissenschaftlichen Theorien und Modelle der Wirtschaftswissenschaften mit Hilfe von Fachvokabular und grammatikalischen Strukturen aus einer akademischen Perspektive näher zu betrachten.
SOLID-PHASE FRACTIONATION OF HEAVY METAL IONS IN SOILS FROM MUNICIPAL WASTE DUMPSITE IN PORT HARCOURT, NIGERIA
Authors: Obunwo C. C. , Ubah S. C. , Bull O. S. , Amaibi P. M.
Published: March 2024

In many cities across the developing countries solid wastes are disposed indiscriminately without recourse to the human health risk. Heavy metals found in solid wastes may likely be released into the environment via flood runoff. To assess whether the contaminants can affect the groundwater, soil samples were collected for analysis in two seasons – dry and wet seasons. To determine level of the metals in the soil matrix, the samples were subjected to acid digestion followed by atomic absorption spectroscopy analysis. The different solid-phases associated with heavy metals were evaluated from the soil samples by using sequential extraction method. The geo-accumulation index and mobility factor were considered to assess the level of contamination and migration of the metals present in the soil. The soil metal contents strongly correlated with the soil pH and organic matter. The exchangeable fraction has Cr > Pb > Co in the order of its mobility in the soil, whilst in the residual fraction suggesting the most immobile species with Pb > Co > Cr > Ni present in the soil. The geo-accumulation index showed that the degree of pollution of the dumpsite during the dry and wet seasons was mostly unpolluted. The study indicates that the metals of interest may not likely pose environmental risk due to their relatively low concentrations and the chemical species in which they exist in soil.
The role of the state in ensuring sustainable development of air transport in the post-war
Authors: Maksymov Oleg , Bugayko Dmytro
Published: March 2024

The article examines the important role of the state in ensuring the sustainable development of air transport after the war. The influence of the state on various aspects of the aviation industry, including aviation safety, financial support for airlines, aircraft leasing fleet and infrastructure, is studied. The article discusses the need to modernize the state policy to influence the support and development of the aviation sector and create a favourable investment climate in Ukraine. It is important not only to restore the aviation industry after the war, but also to ensure its modernization and sustainable development, taking into account international experience and innovative approaches.
The latest approaches and technologies to increase the competitiveness of aviation enterprises in modern conditions
Authors: Karpun Olga , Yakovenko Valeriya
Published: March 2024

The article discusses the essence of the concept of enterprise competitiveness management, encompassing all enterprise management processes, such as production, sale of products, provision of services, and others. It has been identified that the spectrum of existing research on scientific approaches to competitiveness management requires some structuring and refinement, taking into account the latest trends and the specifics of the activities of aviation enterprises in modern conditions. A unique perspective on structuring scientific approaches to managing the competitiveness of aviation enterprises has been proposed, according to which the discussed approaches are categorized depending on the object, target parameters, scientific directions, innovative technologies, and combined objects. The advantage of such structuring lies in a better understanding of the specifics of existing approaches and the identification of innovative scientific approaches to enterprise competitiveness management that require further research. Special attention has been paid to the study of key aspects and specifics of the logistic approach, which involves finding a compromise and balance of interests and responsibilities, consistency and coordination of actions, subordination of partial to general, and measuring the results of activities not only from the perspective of resource savings but also the magnitude of losses caused by irrational actions of chain participants. The logistic approach to managing the competitiveness of aviation enterprises lies in the implementation of the supply chain management concept, aimed at effectively servicing demand and creating additional value for consumers, and realizes a customer-oriented approach to competitiveness management. Direct tools of the logistic approach that can be effective in managing aviation logistic processes have been identified in the article, such as ESG technologies, CALS technologies, Agile approach, IoT, Blockchain, Artificial Intelligence, robotic systems. The advantages of these tools and their application areas are indicated. Thus, the use of various approaches and technologies will enable aviation enterprises to find optimal solutions to enhance their competitiveness in modern conditions.
Adaptation of a logistics company`s business model in the era of digitalization
Authors: Pozniak Oksana , Yurchenko Kateryna
Published: March 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the adaptive capabilities of logistics companies in the conditions of global digitalization. The developed conceptual model of logistics company adaptation defines the tasks, principles, components, and stages of adaptive management, allowing the logistics company to obtain a synergistic effect from the implementation of the model as a complete system, provides an opportunity to improve the quality of management, forming a proactive adaptation management mechanism. Taking into account modern trends, in the conceptual model adaptation and sustainable development are highlighted as its main components, since sustainable development is based on compliance with the principles of environmental sustainability and social responsibility, adaptation is defined as a tool for the effective implementation of these principles in a logistics company in a changing environment. It was determined that to make corrective changes to the existing business model, it is necessary to assess the existing level of adaptability of the logistics company. To implement this approach, a system for evaluating the effectiveness of adaptive management of business processes of a logistics company has been developed, which consists of 7 subsystems, having a variable character, oriented to any stage of the company's digitalization. Applying a comprehensive approach to the system of evaluating the effectiveness of adaptive management based on the calculation of integral criteria for each subsystem is justified, which are summarized in a total integral indicator that summarizes the influence of all factors and determines the degree of adaptability of the logistics company's business model.
The concept and essence of corporate governance
Authors: Chikalkin Serhii
Published: March 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the basic concepts and essence of corporate governance. The main aspects of corporate governance are characterized, including its objectives, functions, principles, structure and role in the stable functioning of enterprises. It is determined that corporate governance can be viewed as a set of legal, economic, organizational norms and rules within which a corporation (company) operates, and on the basis of which the relations between all its participants are built. Corporate governance unites various participants in corporate relations, each of which takes care of its own interests, establishes mechanisms and methods of interaction between them. It is highlighted that most studies related to corporate governance have a rather narrow focus and are conducted exclusively at one of these levels. The issue under study is multifaceted and also includes the definition of functions and components of corporate governance, which include: creating a strategy and setting goals, ensuring financial stability, ensuring transparency and compliance, and facilitating interaction with stakeholders.
Tinjauan Sosiologi Hukum terhadap Permohonan Dispensasi Kawin sebagai Sarana Kepastian Hukum dan Kepentingan Terbaik bagi Pelaku Pernikahan Usia Dini
Authors: Hardiansyah Faisal , Febrianti Yenny , Mahipal Mahipal
Published: March 2024

This paper examines the process of examining marriage dispensation cases prior to and following the enactment of Supreme Court Regulation Number 5 of 2019 concerning Guidelines for Adjudicating Marriage Dispensation Cases. This paper was written using a qualitative research method, specifically normative and empirical juridical approaches. According to the findings of this study, the provisions of Supreme Court Regulation Number 5 of 2019 have explicitly regulated several things that are not specifically regulated in the formal and material rules governing marriage dispensation. The adoption of this regulation is an anticipation and standardization for judges in making legal decisions, so that court decisions pay more attention to the best interests of children when granting a marriage dispensation application.
The Contribution of The Organization of La Francophonie (OIF) in Political Matters in The Republic of Congo from 1981 to 2021
Authors: Kouya Hortense Kouya
Published: March 2024

The 1960s witnessed the wave of independence in Africa, shaping the course of history and leading to the confirmation of original institutions. Notably, a French-speaking space emerged during this era, giving rise to the Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation, later evolving into the International Organization of La Francophonie (OIF). Since 1981, the Congo has been an active member of the OIF, contributing to the cultural and political dimensions of this francophone alliance. This research delves into the collaboration between the OIF and the Congo from 1981 to 2016, spanning crucial periods in both entities' histories. Focusing on cultural and political realms, the study explores the promotion of democracy, human rights, and sustainable development within the OIF space. Education, training, and scientific research take precedence in the cultural domain, reflecting their pivotal role in societal development. In the political arena, the Republic of Congo embarked on a challenging journey toward multiparty democracy and a market economy since 1991, marked by civil conflicts and ethnic tensions. The country's transition continued into the 2000s, emphasizing reconciliation and reconstruction. Both cultural and political sectors demand strategic approaches for sustainable success in the ever-evolving landscape of international cooperation