bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Potential of IL-1β Inhibitor Diacerein and its Combination
with 5-aminosalicylic Acid for the Possible Ameliorating Effect in TNBSinduced
Experimental Colitis in Wistar Rats
Authors: Roy Supriya , Dhaneshwar Suneela , Mahmood Tarique
Published: March 2022

Background:

Pro-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),
interleukin (IL), and oxidative stress are crucial players in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel
disease (IBD) that contribute to perpetuating intestinal inflammation. Targeting them presents a novel
approach to disease management. In the present study, the potential of an antiosteoarthritic ILinhibitor
drug, diacerein (DIA), was investigated in 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)- instigated
ulcerative colitis (UC) in Wistar rats. A comparative study was also undertaken to investigate
the potential of combination therapy of DIA with the standard drug 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA)
versus monotherapy.

Methods:

Colitis was developed by single intra-colonic administration of TNBS (100mg/kg); whereas
drugs 5-ASA (25.5 mg/kg), DIA (100 mg/kg), and DIA+5-ASA (100 + 25.5 mg/kg) were administered
orally for five days post-induction to various groups of rats. Parameters like disease activity score, colon/
body weight ratio, colon length, diameter, and gut pH were assessed, and histopathological analysis
was carried out. Biochemical markers of colonic inflammation such as IL-1β, TNF-α, reduced glutathione
(GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also estimated.

Results:

Combination of DIA and 5-ASA demonstrated the most significant reduction of the colon to
body weight ratio and disease activity score. It prominently restored the colon length, diameter, and
gut pH to normal. It attenuated the biochemical alterations induced by TNBS, indicating a highly significant
defensive outcome against colonic inflammation. The histopathological report demonstrated
the renovating effect of the combination of disrupted colonic histology with minimally distressing liver,
stomach, or pancreas compared to individual drugs.

Conclusion:

The combination remarkably downregulated the level of inflammation by suppressing
both provocative cytokines and reactive oxygen species production. It can be evaluated further used in
a clinical setup as a novel and promising drug therapy for UC.
A Safe and Novel Outpatient Subcutaneous Vitamin B12 Desensitization
Protocol in A Patient with Crohn’s Disease and Vitamin B12 Allergy: A
Case Report
Authors: Fajt Merritt L. , Meerbeke Sara W. Van , Petrov Andrej A. , Barrie Arthur M.
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

Although rare, some patients may have a vitamin B12 allergy. Crohn’s
disease commonly leads to significant vitamin B12 deficiency, especially in those patients that
have undergone ileal resection. In these difficult cases, vitamin B12 desensitization may be required.

Case Presentation:

Here, we report a successful case of a serial outpatient subcutaneous vitamin
B12 desensitization protocol in a 35-year-old female with a past medical history of Crohn’s disease
status post ileal resection, subsequent vitamin B12 deficiency, and allergy to subcutaneous vitamin
B12.

Conclusion:

This is the first subcutaneous vitamin B12 desensitization protocol reported to have
been safely performed in the outpatient setting.
Review of Tim Satterthwaite, Modernist Magazines and the Social Ideal (2020)
Authors: Scibiorska Marcela
Published: March 2022

Review of Tim Satterthwaite, Modernist Magazines and the Social Ideal (2020)
A Personalized Ontology-Based Decision Support System for Complex Chronic Patients: Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Román-Villarán Esther , Alvarez-Romero Celia , Martínez-García Alicia , Escobar-Rodríguez German Antonio , García-Lozano María José , Barón-Franco Bosco , Moreno-Gaviño Lourdes , Moreno-Conde Jesús , Rivas-González José Antonio , Parra-Calderón Carlos Luis
Published: March 2022

Background

Due to an increase in life expectancy, the prevalence of chronic diseases is also on the rise. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) provide recommendations for suitable interventions regarding different chronic diseases, but a deficiency in the implementation of these CPGs has been identified. The PITeS-TiiSS (Telemedicine and eHealth Innovation Platform: Information Communications Technology for Research and Information Challenges in Health Services) tool, a personalized ontology-based clinical decision support system (CDSS), aims to reduce variability, prevent errors, and consider interactions between different CPG recommendations, among other benefits.

Objective

The aim of this study is to design, develop, and validate an ontology-based CDSS that provides personalized recommendations related to drug prescription. The target population is older adult patients with chronic diseases and polypharmacy, and the goal is to reduce complications related to these types of conditions while offering integrated care.

Methods

A study scenario about atrial fibrillation and treatment with anticoagulants was selected to validate the tool. After this, a series of knowledge sources were identified, including CPGs, PROFUND index, LESS/CHRON criteria, and STOPP/START criteria, to extract the information. Modeling was carried out using an ontology, and mapping was done with Health Level 7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (HL7 FHIR) and Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT; International Health Terminology Standards Development Organisation). Once the CDSS was developed, validation was carried out by using a retrospective case study.

Results

This project was funded in January 2015 and approved by the Virgen del Rocio University Hospital ethics committee on November 24, 2015. Two different tasks were carried out to test the functioning of the tool. First, retrospective data from a real patient who met the inclusion criteria were used. Second, the analysis of an adoption model was performed through the study of the requirements and characteristics that a CDSS must meet in order to be well accepted and used by health professionals. The results are favorable and allow the proposed research to continue to the next phase.

Conclusions

An ontology-based CDSS was successfully designed, developed, and validated. However, in future work, validation in a real environment should be performed to ensure the tool is usable and reliable.
An Assessment of the Potential Benefits of Video Consultation in the Emergency Department: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Turner Jane , Clarke Malcolm , George Grizelda , Jones Russell Wynn , Pullinger Rick , Kharbanda Rajesh , Kennedy James , Hands Linda
Published: March 2022

Background

District general hospital emergency departments may refer patients to a tertiary center depending on the information available to a generalist clinician in discussion with a specialist team. If there is uncertainty, the lowest-risk strategy is often to transfer the patient. Video consultation allowing the specialist team to see and talk to the patient and local clinician while still in the emergency department could improve decision-making for patient transfer.

Objective

The aim of this study is to assess the potential benefit of real-time video consultation between remote specialists and emergency department patients and clinicians across all specialties.

Methods

Detailed patient data were collected prospectively for 6 months (between January 16, 2012, and July 15, 2012) on all patients presenting to a district general hospital emergency department who required input from a specialist team at the nearest tertiary care center. These patients were discussed retrospectively with the specialist teams to determine whether videoconferencing could have benefited their management. The logistics for the use of videoconferencing were explored.

Results

A total of 18,799 patients were seen in the emergency department during the study period. Among the 18,799 patients, 413 referrals (2.2%) were made to the tertiary center specialist teams. A review of the patients transferred indicated that 193 (46.7%) of the 413 patients who were referred might have benefited from video consultation (193/18,799, 1% of all patients). If the specialist team could be accessed via videoconferencing only while a senior member was available in the hospital (8:00 AM-10:00 PM), then a maximum of 5 patients per week across all specialties would use the equipment. If 24-hour specialist access was available, this would increase to 7 patients per week.

Conclusions

In regions where there is direct transportation of patients by ambulance to specialist centers and there is a regional picture archiving and communication system in place, video consultation between emergency department patients and specialists has limited potential to improve patient management.
Tetra‐primer amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) PCR used to detect 3’UTR rs1948 mutation in CHRNB4
Authors: Dewi Anggi Laksmita , Paramita Dewi Kartikawati , Fachiroh Jajah
Published: March 2022

Rs1948 A>G is a single nucleotide variation (SNV) in the 3’‐UTR of CHRNB4. Genotyping the synonymous CHRNB4 rs1948 may be useful in identifying a lung cancer susceptibility gene. The study aimed to develop a simple and easy tetra‐primer amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS PCR) for CHRNB4 rs1948. The following steps were taken to optimize tetra‐primer ARMS PCR: 1) determining the gene sequence and position of a single mutation; 2) developing outer and inner primers; 3) amplification of target gene fragments via PCR using an outer primer; 4) genotyping PCR product using Sanger sequencing; 5) determining the optimal annealing temperature and PCR cycle; 6) determining optimal outer and inner primer ratio; and 7) testing the reproducibility of the PCR program and final validation with Sanger sequencing. Genotype (PCR result) was visualized with 3% agarose gel electrophoresis. Optimum condition was determined as annealing temperature of 64.8 ºC and 35 cycles, outer and inner primer ratio of 1:6, and DNA volume of 3 µL. Sanger sequencing confirmed the results of the tetra‐primer ARMS PCR and it was shown that ARMS PCR was able to identify three different variants of CHRNB4 rs1948.
The prevalence of KRAS and BRAF mutation in colorectal cancer patients in Bali
Authors: Ni Nyoman Ayu Dewi , Suksmarini Ni Made Pramita Widya , Pranata Anak Agung Ngurah Satya , Rompis Andreliano Yosua , Sumadi I Wayan Juli
Published: March 2022

Mutations in the KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog gene) and BRAF (v‐Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1) gene play a significant role in primary resistance to colorectal cancer therapy. Around 85‐90% of KRAS mutations in colorectal cancer occur in exon 2 (codon 12 and 13), whereas approximately 96% of BRAF mutations occur in exon 15 codon 600 (V600E). This study aimed to determine the prevalence and mutation characteristics of the KRAS and BRAF genes in colorectal cancer patients in Bali. The DNA was isolated from 44 formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded colorectal cancer samples which were stored in the Department of Pathology, Sanglah General Hospital in 2017. Detection of mutation was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing. Out of 44 samples, only 27 were successfully amplified and sequenced. Our findings showed six samples (22.2%) with mutated KRAS at codons 12 and 13 (including two samples with G12D, one sample with G12V, and three samples with G13D). Interestingly, we found three samples (11.1%) of BRAF mutation, including two samples with V600E mutation and one with V600L mutation. Taken together, our results showed that KRAS and BRAF mutations were identified and occurred exclusively. Further studies are essential to identify the correlation of these mutations with colorectal cancer prognosis and response to chemotherapy
Blockchain based Transparent and Genuine Charity Application
Authors: Naiknavare Omkar Sunil , Patil Mr. Mandar Pravin , Chawate Miss. Riya Chandrakant , Borana Miss. Amisha Bharat , Sonawane Prof. Sunil
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in under-developed countries are receiving funds from donor agencies for various purposes, including relief from natural disasters and other emergencies, promoting education, women empowerment, economic development, and many more. Some donor agencies have lost their trust in NGOs in under-developed countries, as some NGOs have been involved in the misuse of funds. This is evident from irregularities in the records. For instance, in education funds, on some occasions, the same student has appeared in the records of multiple NGOs as a beneficiary, when in fact, a maximum of one NGO could be paying for a particular beneficiary. Therefore, the number of actual beneficiaries would be smaller than the number of claimed beneficiaries. This research proposes a blockchain-based solution to ensure trust between donor agencies from all over the world, and NGOs in under-developed countries. The list of National IDs along with other keys would be available publicly on a blockchain. The distributed software would ensure that the same set of keys are not entered twice in this blockchain, preventing the problem highlighted above. The details of the fund provided to the student would also be available on the blockchain and would be encrypted and digitally signed by the NGOs. In the case that a record inserted into this blockchain is discovered to be fake, this research provides a way to cancel that record. A cancellation record is inserted, only if it is digitally signed by the relevant donor agency. Keywords: blockchain; ensuring trust; NGOs; encryption
Analysis of Data Security and Privacy Protection in Cloud Computing Services
Authors: Koteswari Dr. S. , Suresh Dr. Kopparthi
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Cloud computing will become a successful paradigm for statistics computing and storage. Increasing worries about information security and privateness in the cloud, however, have emerged. Ensuring protection and privacy for facts management and question processing in the cloud is imperative for better and broader uses of the cloud. Usually cloud computing services are delivered with the aid of a third celebration issuer who owns the infrastructure. It blessings to point out but a few encompass scalability, resilience, flexibility, effectivity and outsourcing non- core activities. Cloud computing provides an progressive commercial enterprise model for corporations to undertake IT services without upfront investment. Despite the possible positive aspects achieved from the cloud computing, the businesses are sluggish in accepting it due to safety issues and challenges related with it. Security is one of the primary problems which bog down the growth of cloud. The notion of handing over essential facts to any other organization is worrisome; such that the buyers want to be vigilant in understanding the risks of records breaches in this new environment. This paper introduces a specific evaluation of the cloud computing safety problems and challenges focusing on the cloud computing. Keywords: Cloud Computing, Privacy, data security, Monotoring
Generaciones y curso(s) de vida: una mirada longitudinal a los retos demográficos contemporáneos
Authors: Fernández-Carro Celia , Grande Rafael , Miret Gamundi Pau , Seiz Marta
Published: March 2022

La Demografía es una disciplina esencial y transversal para todas las Ciencias Sociales, que además mantiene un vínculo especialmente estrecho con la Sociología dado el uso compartido de teorías y métodos de análisis. A pesar de su relevancia, aún son relativamente escasas en España las publicaciones que abordan el estudio de los procesos sociales desde un punto de vista específicamente demográfico. Para contribuir a llenar este vacío, el Comité de Investigación de Sociología de la Población y Demografía de la FES coordina este monográfico, cuyo hilo conductor se articula en torno a una de las aportaciones esenciales que la Demografía ha hecho a las Ciencias Sociales: la óptica longitudinal. Como punto de partida, este artículo reflexiona sobre el papel que tiene la Demografía en el estudio de la realidad social, destacando la necesidad de utilizar enfoques longitudinales como la óptica generacional o biográfica para analizar algunos de los principales retos demográficos que afrontan las sociedades contemporáneas: las dinámicas de formación familiar, fecundidad, salud y envejecimiento.
¿Influyen las trayectorias familiares en la calidad de vida percibida en la vejez?
Authors: Fernández-Carro Celia , Gumà Jordi
Published: March 2022

Los eventos relacionados con la formación familiar; uniones y tenencia de hijas/os, condicionan la estructura de las redes sociales de las personas mayores, las cuales se han revelado como un determinante clave del bienestar a edades avanzadas. Este artículo aplica la perspectiva del curso de vida para explorar hasta qué punto el tipo de trayectoria familiar de mujeres y hombres mayores en España influye en su calidad de vida. Utilizando los datos retrospectivos para España de la encuesta Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) se ha generado una tipología de trayectorias familiares para mujeres y hombres mayores. Después, se examina la asociación entre esas tipologías y el indicador CASP-12 mediante un modelo de regresión lineal multivariante. Los resultados muestran que solo las personas con trayectorias familiares caracterizadas por haber convivido en pareja, pero sin descendencia, mantienen niveles de calidad de vida en la vejez considerablemente más bajos, indistintamente del sexo.
Diplomas with the Golden Bulla, History and Area of Distribution: The Horde’s Continuity in the Matter of Investiture
Authors:   Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Belyakov Andrey V.
Published: March 2022

Research objectives: To summarize and analyze all known evidence of the Moscow sovereigns awarding granted charters with a gold (usually gilded silver) seal in the sixteenth century. Research materials: Documents of the Ambassadorial Prikaz, as well as evidence found in the Russian chronicles. Results and novelty of the research: It is established here that such granted charters were issued to the regions recently annexed to the Moscow state or those having voluntarily entered into formal citizenship. With the strengthening of the real power of the Russian sovereigns, the issuance of such documents was discontinued. The area of distribution of charters included the regions of the Middle Volga, the Urals, Western Siberia, and the Caucasus. The nature of such documents was twofold. On the one hand, they originated from the development of the traditions inherent in Russian lands, and on the other hand, they reflected the Horde’s rules, in accordance with which the right to own land was possible only with permission from the higher authorities (a khan or tsar). With the capture of Kazan and Astrakhan, Moscow inherited these functions though its issuance of such certificates began a little earlier. Perhaps it happened already in the fifteenth or even the end of fourteenth century. The seals and charters in question are recorded up to the first third of seventeenth century.
Anthropomorphism and Zoomorphism in the Ornamental Art of the Crimean Tatars
Authors:   Crimean Engineering Pedagogical University named after Fevzi Yakubov, Akchurina-Muftieva Nuria M.
Published: March 2022

The author of the article reveals the problem of anthropomorphic and zoomorphic images in Islamic art, particularly in the Turkic ornamentation of the Crimea. Superficial, unscientific interpretations of motifs and ornamental compositions often lead to the search for and appropriation of anthropomorphism without appropriate research, loose interpretations of motifs, and the creation of a new mythology. Despite conservative views regarding the categorical denial of the permissiveness of the image of a person, there are many surviving works of fine and decorative art that confirm an opposite tradition. Currently, there are practically no studies of anthropomorphism and zoomorphism in the Turkic ornamentation of the Crimea, their typological and artistic features, and their symbolic context. Based on the material of decorative and applied art of the Crimean Tatars from the fourteenth century to the present, examples of zoomorphic and anthropomorphic ornamental images are provided in the article. They are stylized objects – fully, partially, or in the form of a silhouette – reflecting the surrounding real world of living beings. Complete naturalistic images (birds, fish, animals, insects) are found on objects until the first half of fifteenth century, and then starting again from the second half of eighteenth century. From the sixteenth to the first half of eighteenth centuries, anthropomorphic and zoomorphic motifs were depicted in a stylized form. The author of the study reveals the symbolism of the most common motifs, along with the typological and artistic features of the images. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the color, silhouette, and figurativeness of anthropomorphic and zoomorphic images in the Crimean Tatar decorative and applied art depend primarily on the material, technique, and functional purpose of the created object. In addition to images on objects, anthropomorphism is present as the silhouette of objects.
A New Burial Find of a Polovtsian Stone Statue in the Stavropol Region (from the second half of thirteenth to fourteenth century)
Authors:   Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology of the Moscow State University, Berezin Yakov B. , Narozhny Evgeny I. ,   Umar Aliev Karachai-Cherkess State University
Published: March 2022

Research objectives: To introduce a new discovery of a Turkic stone statue that was deliberately (?) buried in the mound, the authors seek to substantiate the reasons for this unusual approach to stone sculpture. Drawing on well-known and close analogies to the situation under analysis, the authors of the article seek to link such processes with some innovative phenomena within the Golden Horde. Research materials: The authors introduce into scholarly circulation completely new archaeological materials found during research in October and November 2020. The novelty of the research: The materials under consideration and their historical and cultural attributes have never been published or discussed previously, except for a volume on the mandatory and complete scientific report on the excavations (the text of descriptions, photos, and illustrations), which has been submitted to the archive of the Institute of Archeology RAS for eternal storage in accordance with the established procedure. Research results: The authors describe the stone statue as according with the Polovtsian funeral rite and compare this description with similar materials from the Don region. A.O. Dobrolyubsky (Odessa) connects the massive change in the traditional orientations of late nomads’ burials with the time of the Golden Horde when the former pre-Mongol funeral rites began to lose their traditional meaning or began to acquire some new meanings. Such innovations were made possible with the appearance of new generations in the Golden Horde (1260–1270s). Subsequently, such a population formed a new syncretic culture under the influence of new ideological influences which gradually replaced the old beliefs and, among other things, led to the rejection of the veneration of statues. Such innovations were accelerated by the process of Islamization among the nomadic population of the Golden Horde. All this led to the spread of the ritual of burial of statues as an obsolete semantic image.
The Personality of Tamerlane in the Works of Medieval Theologians
Authors:   Marjani Institute of History of Tatarstan Aca­demy of Sciences, Mirgaleev Il’nur M. , Adygamov Ramil K. ,   Marjani Institute of History of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences,   International Islamic Academy of Uzbekistan, Hussein Abdurrahman H. ,   Bulgarian Islamic Academy
Published: March 2022

Research objectives: Tamerlane’s personality evokes various assessments from historians, statesmen, and politicians. Also, the differences in the assessment depend on citizenship or a specialist’s belonging to a particular ethnic group. In the case of Tamerlane, his personality is perceived negatively by Tatar historians since his activities served as one of the reasons behind the demise of the Golden Horde. As for researchers from Central Asia, they present him as a great commander and statesman. In this regard, it is very interesting to identify the conclusions of the theologians of the Middle Ages since they were closer chronologically to the historical period under study. Within the framework of this study, the works of theologians are analyzed for the presence of a fatwa declaring Tamerlane not to be a Muslim. As such, the aim of the study is to identify the statements of theologians of the Middle Ages about the personality of Tamerlane. Research materials: The source base of the research was the works of such theologians as al-Bazzazi, Ibn Arabshah, Ibn Qasir, Ibn Khaldun, ash-Shawkani, as-Sahawi, etc. Research results: As a result of our research, the statements of theologians about the personality of Tamerlane and fatwas have been revealed regarding those who deviate from the Islamic Sharia, but without specifying the takfir tied to his personality. Novelty of the research: Within the framework of this study, the fatwas of Muslim theologians regarding the personality of Tamerlane have been analyzed for the first time ever.
The Law of the Mongols as Seen by John of Plano Carpini: Historical Legal Verification
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics in St. Petersburg, Pochekaev Roman Yu.
Published: March 2022

Research objectives: The goal of the article is a comparative analysis of information recorded by John of Plano Carpini on Mongolian and Mongol Empire law, along with other sources on the Mongolian law and legal traditions aimed at determining the objectivity of diplomat’s materials and observing the evolution of traditional law of the Mongols. Research materials: Verification is carried out on the basis of the work “The Story of the Mongols Whom We Call the Tartars” by John of Plano Carpini, making comparisons with the corpus of other historical sources, including travelers’ notes and historical chro­nicles by authors of the medieval and modern eras, as well as materials of ethnographic research on the legal traditions of nomadic peoples of Eurasia. The novelty of the study: The presented article is the first attempt to compare the information of John of Plano Carpini on the customary and imperial law of the Mongols with other sources on Mongolian law to observe certain legal traditions of the Mongols and the evolution of law among the Eurasian nomads. Research results: The author has found that the majority of information from John of Plano Carpini on Mongolian law in the middle of thirteenth century can be characterized as objective as it is confirmed by the data from independent sources dating from the thirteenth to nineteenth centuries. These include testimonies of other foreign travelers who visited Mongolia in different epochs, medieval historical chronicles, studies resulting from ethnographic research, etc. Besides that, the value of the information of the diplomat is emphasized within the context of comparative legal research on the history of the state and law of the Mongol Empire and Chinggisid states.
Pengembangan Sistem Marketing Produk Handmade Berbasis E-Commerce Dengan Metode FAST (Studi Kasus : Handmade By Rens)
Authors: Widianti Linda Wahyu
Published: March 2022

Sistem marketing produk handmade berbasis e-Commerce merupakan sistem berbasis web yang berguna untuk membantu pelanggan dalam memesan produk handmade. Saat ini penyampaian informasi penjualan produk Handmade By Rens masih menggunakan fasilitas media Instagram dan Facebook. Hal inilah yang membuat kendala yang dihadapi terkait dengan media. Oleh karena itu dengan berkembangnya teknologi mendorong peneliti untuk membuat suatu pengembangan sistem berbasis e-commerce yang dapat membantu pelanggan yang ingin memesan produk Handmade By Rens. Proses perancangan menggunakan Business Use-case Model, Navigation Structure dan Unified Modeling Language (UML). Pembuatan sistem ini menggunakan bahasa pemrograman (HTML, CSS, PHP, JavaScript), jQuery sebagai library, MySQL sebagai database, dan Bootstrap sebagai framework. Dari 3 (tiga) browser yang telah diuji (Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge) sistem ini berjalan dengan baik pada browser Mozilla Firefox dengan kecepatan akses 0,0127 detik. hasil uji respon pengguna yang telah diakumulasikan secara keseluruhan mendapatkan hasil skor total 2.306 poin sehingga mendapat persentase sebesar 92,24%. Dengan sistem ini, pelanggan Handmade By Rens dapat dengan mudah memesan produk handmade secara online kapan saja dan dimana saja.
IMPROVING MULTI-LABEL TEXT CLASSIFICATION USING WEIGHTED INFORMATION GAIN AND CO-TRAINED MULTINOMIAL NAÏVE BAYES CLASSIFIER
Authors: Kaur Wandeep , Balakrishnan Vimala , Wong Kok-Seng
Published: March 2022

Over recent years, the emergence of electronic text processing systems has generated a vast amount of structured and unstructured data, thus creating a challenging situation for users to rummage through irrelevant information. Therefore, studies are continually looking to improve the classification process to produce more accurate results that would benefit users. This paper looks into the weighted information gain method that re-assigns wrongly classified features with new weights to provide better classification. The method focuses on the weights of the frequency bins, assuming every time a certain word frequency bin is iterated, it provides information on the target word feature. Therefore, the more iteration and re-assigning of weight occur within the bin, the more important the bin becomes, eventually providing better classification. The proposed algorithm was trained and tested using a corpus extracted from dedicated Facebook pages related to diabetes. The weighted information gain feature selection technique is then fed into a co-trained Multinomial Naïve Bayes classification algorithm that captures the labels' dependencies. The algorithm incorporates class value dependencies since the dataset used multi-label data before converting string vectors that allow the sparse distribution between features to be minimised, thus producing more accurate results. The results of this study show an improvement in classification to 61%.
GENETIC ALGORITHM - OPTIMIZED GATED RECURRENT UNIT (GRU) NETWORK FOR SEMANTIC WEB SERVICES CLASSIFICATION
Authors: S Sridevi , G R Karpagam , B Vinoth Kumar
Published: March 2022

In the current era, as there is an abundant expansion of functionally similar web services, it becomes a prodigious issue for the web service discovery process. The service classification plays a significant role to greatly reduce the search space and retrieves the desirable service quickly and accurately. The classification is performed using the functional values. Recent research activities recommend RNN (Recurrent Neural Network) deep learning algorithms for efficient classification process. The state-of-the-art of GRU (Gated Recurrent Unit) one of the RNN model, provides a proficient classification process. However, the ratio of training and testing dataset, and hyperparameters namely neural network size, and batch size etc, affects the classification accuracy. The objective of the paper is to incorporate GRU model for efficient classification process. The novelty of the proposed model lies in implementing the GRU model for semantic web service classification. Furthermore, the genetic algorithm is used to predict the optimal ratio of training and testing dataset and optimal hidden neural Network units of GRU model in order to attain optimal classification. The experimental results exemplifies that the semantic web service classification is efficiently deliberated using the proposed GA-GRU model that outperforms the classification process as compared with the conventional semantic extraction using accuracy, precision, F-measure, recall and FDR (False Date Rate) rate.
quiet citadel
Authors: Ryan Evans
Published: March 2022

'quiet citadel' is a site-specific, participatory music project that examines music-making and the purposes that music can serve. I made 'quiet citadel' as part of the Hinge Arts Residency with Springboard for the Arts. They describe the fellowship as a community development program that activates arts programming related to the historic Fergus Falls State Hospital, or "the Kirkbride."

Presented in four sections, this exposition offers a case study of how I instrumentalized my music-making and music-sharing to assist the residents of Fergus Falls, a small town in rural Minnesota, in determining what to do with the disused Fergus Falls State Hospital, or "the Kirkbride." All told, this exposition provides an example of using music as a research method for the purposes of collectively imagining the future of a community asset.
p38α Deficiency in T Cells Ameliorates Diet-Induced Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Adipose Tissue Senescence
Authors: Meng Deyun , Zhang Baohua , Wang Yanyan , Zheng Tingting , Hu Ran , Wang Bin , Otsu Kinya , Wang Ying , Huang Gonghua
Published: March 2022

Adipose tissue–resident T cells play vital roles in regulating inflammation and metabolism in obesity, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that high-fat diet (HFD) feeding enhances p38 activity in adipose-resident T cells. T cell–specific deletion of p38α, an essential subunit of p38 expressed in most immune cells, protected mice from HFD-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis, adipose tissue inflammation, and insulin resistance. Mice with p38α deletion in T cells exhibited higher energy expenditure. Mechanistically, p38α promoted T-cell glycolysis through mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling, leading to enhanced Th1 differentiation. Accordingly, genetic deletion of p38α alleviated ongoing diet-induced obesity. Unexpectedly, p38α signaling in T cells promoted adipose tissue senescence during obesity and aging. Taken together, our results identify p38α in T cells as an essential regulator of obesity, insulin resistance, and adipose tissue senescence, and p38α may be a therapeutic target for obese- or aging-associated diseases.
The Incidence of Adult-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review From 32 Countries and Regions
Authors: Harding Jessica L. , Wander Pandora L. , Zhang Xinge , Li Xia , Karuranga Suvi , Chen Hongzhi , Sun Hong , Xie Yuting , Oram Richard A. , Magliano Dianna J. , Zhou Zhiguang , Jenkins Alicia J. , Ma Ronald C.W.
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

The epidemiology of adult-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) incidence is not well-characterized due to the historic focus on T1D as a childhood-onset disease.

PURPOSE

We assess the incidence of adult-onset (≥20 years) T1D, by country, from available data.

DATA SOURCES

A systematic review of MEDLINE, Embase, and the gray literature, through 11 May 2021, was undertaken.

STUDY SELECTION

We included all population-based studies reporting on adult-onset T1D incidence and published from 1990 onward in English.

DATA EXTRACTION

With the search we identified 1,374 references of which 46 were included for data extraction. Estimates of annual T1D incidence were allocated into broad age categories (20–39, 40–59, ≥60, or ≥20 years) as appropriate.

DATA SYNTHESIS

Overall, we observed the following patterns: 1) there is a paucity of data, particularly in low- and middle-income countries; 2) the incidence of adult-onset T1D is lowest in Asian and highest in Nordic countries; 3) adult-onset T1D is higher in men versus women; 4) it is unclear whether adult-onset T1D incidence declines with increasing age; and 5) it is unclear whether incidence of adult-onset T1D has changed over time.

LIMITATIONS

Results are generalizable to high-income countries, and misclassification of diabetes type cannot be ruled out.

CONCLUSIONS

From available data, this systematic review suggests that the incidence of T1D in adulthood is substantial and highlights the pressing need to better distinguish T1D from T2D in adults so that we may better assess and respond to the true burden of T1D in adults.
p38α Deficiency in T Cells Ameliorates Diet-Induced Obesity, Insulin Resistance and Adipose Tissue Senescence
Authors: Meng Deyun , Zhang Baohua , Wang Yanyan , Zheng Tingting , Hu Ran , Wang Bin , Otsu Kinya , Wang Ying , Huang Gonghua
Published: March 2022

Adipose tissue-resident T cells play
vital roles in regulating inflammation and metabolism in obesity, but the
underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we showed that high-fat diet (HFD)
feeding enhances p38 activity in adipose-resident T cells. T cell-specific
deletion of p38a, an essential subunit
of p38 expressed in most of immune cells, protected mice from HFD-induced
obesity, hepatic steatosis, adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. Mice with p38a deletion in T cells exhibited higher energy expenditure. Mechanistically, p38a promoted T cell glycolysis through mTOR signaling,
leading to enhanced Th1 differentiation. Accordingly, genetic deletion of p38a alleviated the ongoing diet-induced obesity. Unexpectedly, p38a signaling in T cells promoted
adipose tissue senescence during obesity and aging. Taken together, our results
identify p38a in T cells as an
essential regulator of obesity, insulin resistance and adipose tissue
senescence, and p38a may be a therapeutic
target for obese- or aging-associated diseases.
Bibelkunnskap – over og ut? En refleksjon over bibelkunnskapens verdi for allmenndannelsen
Authors: Afset Bente
Published: March 2022

The Christian Bible is a central source in our Norwegian and European culture. But it seems that in the last decades biblical knowledge is decreasing in the population. Changes in religious education whereby Christian religion has less emphasis than before are probably one reason for this. This article argues for and reflects on the value of biblical knowledge as cultural competence, as a resource for meaning, identity and truth for the individual as well as for society. Arguments are found in theology and narrative theory as well as cultural theory.
Buddhistisk konfirmasjon
Authors: Kleive Hildegunn Valen
Published: March 2022

Around 75% of all adolescents in Norway have been confirmed, and the Church of Norway and the Norwegian Humanist Association are the main providers of this ritual. In autumn 2020, however, Buddhist organizations in Norway co-operated for the first time in arranging a Buddhist confirmation. 13 young Buddhists participated. Considerable research has been done on confirmation as arranged by the Church of Norway, but the alternatives are under-researched. This article, in which the introduction of Buddhist confirmation is discussed, is therefore a needed contribution to the research literature on confirmation in Norway. The theoretical perspective applied emphasizes how religions continually change due to mobility (Wong & Levitt, 2014) and the importance of belonging (Day, 2011). A central finding is how arranging Buddhist confirmation is a strategic accommodation to majority culture customs in order to reach the rising generation with Buddhism. In addition, being able to offer this ritual distinguishes the role Buddhism has in the multicultural society in Norway. I also argue that arranging Buddhist confirmation has a consolidating, ecumenical and community-building effect for Buddhist organizations in Norway.
The Politics of Innocence: Empathy, Indifference and the 2016 Rio Olympics
Authors: Ystanes Margit
Published: March 2022

As Rio de Janeiro prepared to host the 2016 Olympics, international news media covered the associated urban transformations widely. Evictions from poor neighbourhoods and the adaptation of urban spaces to the interests and tastes of local and global elites turned out to be integral to these preparations. Empathy with evicted and resisting residents was mainly expressed in international news outlets and less so in Brazilian mainstream media. This article analyses this lopsided attention through the lens of Miriam Ticktin’s work on innocence as a political concept. While normally thought of as an ethico-moral concept, Ticktin argues that innocence also structures politics in significant ways. Notions of innocence as embodied in specific figures such as the child, the refugee or other ‘innocent victims’ have come to occupy our political imagination as a contrast to others who are not considered innocent, and therefore not worthy of care or assistance. Ticktin’s analysis provides a novel angle for exploring how empathy and indifference about social injustice travels across societies. The empathy expressed in Europe about human rights violations in Brazil occurred against the background of a refugee crisis that many Europeans conceptualised as a crisis for the receiving European communities rather than for the refugees themselves. Exploring the lopsided media coverage of Olympic evictions in Rio in this context, provides a deeper understanding of the power dynamics involved in producing empathy and indifference to human suffering.
Droner i sivilsamfunnet: Aktører, teknologi og etiske utfordringer
Authors: Gynnild Astrid
Published: March 2022

Civil drones are about to become a billion industry in Norway, and they are often touted as Norway´s new oil. But what exactly do we mean by civil drones, and how can we best ensure that they are used responsibly in society? That is the main question to be discussed in this book. Drones in Civil Society elucidates the topic from many different perspectives. Who are the various actors involved, and how do they work together? What are the differences between civil and military uses of drones? How do we differentiate between the hobby pilot and the professional drone operator, and how can students be trained in responsible, experimental investigation of drone technology? And not least: What happens to the privacy protection of the individual citizen in the midst of all this? The escalating pace of development suggests that drones will soon be an integral part of our everyday lives. What are the implications of this new reality on transportation, business, nature, surveillance, privacy, crime, warfare, and communication?
DEVELOPMENT OF DEATH PENALTY IN INDONESIA IN HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Rusito Rusito , Suwardi Kaboel
Published: March 2022

Death penalty is essentially a country that takes the life rights of its citizens so that it is contrary to human rights. But it can be justified throughout its application on the grounds of defending other citizens' human rights and positively legally regulating the state towards a tendency of abatement and ultimately elimination altogether. The application of the death penalty can only be carried out against crimes that transcend humanitarian boundaries, threaten the lives of many people, damage the order of life and human civilization, and damage the country's economy. Crimes that can be sentenced to death include: premeditated murder, terrorism, drug trafficking and dealers, and corruption.
Modelling of Bimodal Wave Overtopping of Coastal Defences
Authors:   , Orimoloye Stephen Tunde
Published: March 2022

Wave overtopping from a few hours of violent storms can cause damage to infrastructure. Extensive knowledge is available on the prediction of wave overtopping of smooth, sloping and vertical impermeable seawalls. However, existing prediction methods provide less certain predictions when the sea state has a bimodal character, such as when there are strong components of both wind and swell. This thesis improves wave overtopping study of seawalls under storm-driven bimodal seas. Firstly, we developed an energy-conserved bimodal spectrum which contains the same energy as the unimodal spectrum derived from a sea state for easy comparison. The peak periods of the bimodal spectrum is occurring at four different spectra peak periods (11, 15, 20 and 25 secs, respectively), swell magnitude is defined with percentages (0, 25, 50, and 75 percentages). Both the unimodal and the bimodal spectra were used to perform wave overtopping experiments in a laboratory tank and numerical flume. Different bimodal spectra were created from the same sea state but the peak periods of the swell in the resulting bimodal spectrum were varied while retaining the same energy content. Bimodal wave sequences are derived from these spectra and used to investigate the overtopping of sloping seawalls. The reflection performances of the impermeable slopes were analysed in present study. The dimensionless overtopping rate for a range of seawalls was measured for bimodal storm conditions of a minimum of 1000 waves. Results for unimodal conditions agree closely with predictions using the EurOtop formulae. The current standard suggested in EurOtop (2018) underpredicts the observed wave overtopping rates for bimodal conditions even when using the recommended parameters for such cases. Under these conditions, it was found that there is a dependence between mean overtopping rate and swell occurrences. New sets of empirical influencing factors to describe these dependencies have been determined in terms of seawall designs at locations that are exposed to local storm waves and open Atlantic oceans.
FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES E O TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA: UM ESTUDO DE REVISÃO
Authors: Santos Souza Francisnaide dos , Santos Reis Matheus dos , Almeida Alex Souza , Borges Dias Viviane
Published: March 2022

A inclusão de estudantes com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) na educação básica vem crescendo, contudo, ainda são poucos os estudos que têm discutido o tema na formação de professores. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo foi analisar a produção científica sobre formação de professores e o TEA, nos principais periódicos brasileiros das áreas de Educação Especial e Educação Inclusiva (período 2012-2021), a fim de identificar as principais tendências relacionadas a este campo de estudo. Como metodologia foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica. Entre os principais resultados encontrados, constatamos que os artigos não apresentaram um referencial teórico de base. Ademais, foram encontrados dezessete artigos, mas apenas dois estavam relacionados à formação inicial, e isso aponta para a necessidade de mais estudos sobre a formação inicial. Conclui-se que é fundamental mais pesquisas que abordem a necessidade de uma formação que respeite, contemple e, efetivamente, possibilite a inclusão de estudantes com TEA na escola.
Review of Events
Authors: Khadem Ariana
Published: March 2022

The ICOMS this year was held in Hong Kong on March 31 ─ April 3. Organizers of the Conference (International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons and Hong Kong Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons) do their best connecting professionals from all corners of the world. "Sharing ideas and building bonds" ─ under that credo the event was held. The topics of the 4 days scientific program consisted of all aspects of maxillofacial and head and neck surgery (Head and Neck Oncology, Cleft and Craniofacial, Trauma and Deformities, TMJ, Pathology, Orthognathic and Aesthetic Surgery, etc.). At first time the ICOMS participants can meet at one event three publications dedicated to our specialty ─ International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (www.ijoms.com), Craniofacial Trauma & Reconstruction (www.thieme-connect.com), and Diagnostics and Treatment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology (www.dtjournal.org). Special attention of participants was paid to the cutting-edge direction ─ robotic surgery and its advantages. The Presidential lecture of the Conference received a long standing ovation symbolizing the endeavoring movement forward of the specialty and surgeons which moves it in the right direction. And with great impatience, the participants are already waiting for the next meeting in Brazil in 2019 (www.icoms2019.com.br).