bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transdiagnostic and tailored internet intervention to improve mental health among university students: Research protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Berman Anne H. , Topooco Naira , Lindfors Petra , Bendtsen Marcus , Lindner Philip , Molander Olof , Kraepelien Martin , Sundström Christopher , Talebizadeh Nooshin , Engström Karin , Vlaescu George , Andersson Gerhard , Andersson Claes
Published: March 2024

Background

Emerging adulthood is often associated with mental health problems. About one in three university students report symptoms of depression and anxiety that can negatively affect their developmental trajectory concerning work, intimate relationships, and health. This can interfere with academic performance, as mood and anxiety disorders are key predictors of dropout from higher education. A treatment gap exists, where a considerable proportion of students do not seek help for mood and anxiety symptoms. Offering internet interventions to students with mental health problems could reduce the treatment gap, increase mental health, and improve academic performance. A meta-analysis on internet interventions for university students showed small effects for depression and none for anxiety. Larger trials are recommended to further explore effects of guidance, transdiagnostic approaches, and individual treatment components.

Methods

This study will offer 1200 university students in Sweden participation in a three-armed randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluating a guided or unguided transdiagnostic internet intervention for mild to moderate depression and anxiety, where the waitlist control group accesses the intervention at 6-month follow-up. Students reporting suicidal ideation/behaviors will be excluded and referred to treatment within the existing healthcare system. An embedded study within the trial (SWAT) will assess at week 3 of 8 whether participants in the guided and unguided groups are at higher risk of failing to benefit from treatment. Those at risk will be randomized to an adaptive treatment strategy, or to continue the treatment as originally randomized. Primary outcomes are symptoms of depression and anxiety. Follow-ups will occur at post-treatment and at 6-, 12-, and 24-month post-randomization. Between-group outcome analyses will be reported, and qualitative interviews about treatment experiences are planned.

Discussion

This study investigates the effects of a transdiagnostic internet intervention among university students in Sweden, with an adaptive treatment strategy employed during the course of treatment to minimize the risk of treatment failure. The study will contribute knowledge about longitudinal trajectories of mental health and well-being following treatment, taking into account possible gender differences in responsiveness to treatment. With time, effective internet interventions could make treatment for mental health issues more widely accessible to the student group.
Models for calcific aortic valve disease in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Zhu Zijin , Liu Zhirong , Zhang Donghui , Li Li , Pei Jianqiu , Cai Lin
Published: March 2024

Calcific Aortic Valve Disease (CAVD) is prevalent among the elderly as the most common valvular heart disease. Currently, no pharmaceutical interventions can effectively reverse or prevent CAVD, making valve replacement the primary therapeutic recourse. Extensive research spanning decades has contributed to the establishment of animal and in vitro cell models, which facilitates a deeper understanding of the pathophysiological progression and underlying mechanisms of CAVD. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary and analysis of the strengths and limitations associated with commonly employed models for the study of valve calcification. We specifically emphasize the advancements in three-dimensional culture technologies, which replicate the structural complexity of the valve. Furthermore, we delve into prospective recommendations for advancing in vivo and in vitro model studies of CAVD.
The best constant for inequality involving the sum of the reciprocals and product of positive numbers with unit sum
Authors: Aliyev Yagub N.
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we study a special algebraic inequality containing a parameter, the sum of reciprocals and the product of positive real numbers whose sum is 1. Using a new optimization argument the best values of the parameter are determined. In the case of three numbers the algebraic inequality has some interesting geometric applications involving a generalization of Euler’s inequality about the ratio of radii of circumscribed and inscribed circles of a triangle.
Positive solutions for a semipositone anisotropic p-Laplacian problem
Authors: Razani A. , Figueiredo Giovany M.
Published: March 2024

In this paper, a semipositone anisotropic p-Laplacian problem $$ -\Delta _{\overrightarrow{p}}u=\lambda f(u), $$
−

Δ

p
→

u
=
λ
f
(
u
)
,
on a bounded domain with the Dirchlet boundary condition is considered, where $A(u^{q}-1)\leq f(u)\leq B(u^{q}-1)$
A
(

u
q

−
1
)
≤
f
(
u
)
≤
B
(

u
q

−
1
)
for $u>0$
u
>
0
, $f(0)<0$
f
(
0
)
<
0
and $f(u)=0$
f
(
u
)
=
0
for $u\leq -1$
u
≤
−
1
. It is proved that there exists $\lambda ^{*}>0$

λ
∗

>
0
such that if $\lambda \in (0,\lambda ^{*})$
λ
∈
(
0
,

λ
∗

)
, then the problem has a positive weak solution $u_{\lambda}\in L^{\infty}(\overline{\Omega})$

u
λ

∈

L
∞

(

Ω
‾

)
via combining Mountain-Pass arguments, comparison principles, and regularity principles.
Investigation and analysis of magnetic resonance imaging experience and psychological status of patients
Authors: Zhou Shu-ping , Wan Xin-cui , Wang Xiao-dan , Zhang Xiao-man , Yu Yun-han , Wang Wen-jun
Published: March 2024

Objective

To analyze factors influencing the service experience of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination and psychological status of patients admitted to a hospital and propose targeted solutions, and optimize the examination process and nursing by analyzing the MRI examination experience and psychological effect on patients.

Methods

The MRI examination rooms of two tertiary general hospitals in Haikou City were sampled at random, and 206 patients who met the study criteria were surveyed on site.

Results

(1) The item with the lowest mean score for patient examination services was whether earplugs were provided to the patient during the examination (B8 = 0.47). (2) Environmental logistics experience (16.83 ± 3.036) received the lowest score among the three service experience dimensions. (3) The average anxiety score of the patients was 5.38. (4) There was a positive correlation between the examination experience and the examination service experience of the patients. (5) Patients with higher monthly income had decreased anxiety (coefficient = -2.334), and MRI examination of the extremities relieved the anxiety (coefficient = -4.782).

Conclusion

The environmental logistics factors, poor service attitude, examination site, and income were the most significant factors affecting the MRI examination experience and psychological status of patients, which can be improved by providing information, enhancing the waiting environment, providing targeted patient education, and evaluating the experience immediately.
Primary splenic abscess in an adult female patient: a case report
Authors: Isik Burce , Davey Matthew G. , Gaffney Sarah , Stapleton Patrick J. , Mohigefer Javier , Koutroumanos Efthymios
Published: March 2024

Background

Primary splenic abscess is rare and typically presents in patients who are immunocompromised. We present a case of a 47-year-old apparently immunocompetent female patient who was diagnosed with primary splenic abscess from a Salmonella Typhimurium infection following emergency laparotomy.

Case presentation

A 47-year-old female patient presented with subjective fever and severe epigastric and left flank pain. She was treated empirically with intravenous piperacillin/tazobactam and gentamicin and was resuscitated with intravenous crystalloid infusion. A radiological diagnosis of splenic infarct secondary to splenic artery aneurysm superimposed with splenic abscess was presumed, however at emergency laparotomy, primary splenic abscess was identified. This abscess had eroded the left hemidiaphragm and had ruptured the splenic capsule leading to intra-abdominal pus in the pelvis which on culture grew Salmonella Typhimurium. A splenectomy and primary repair of the left hemidiaphragm were performed, with postoperative pancreatitis diagnosed following the procedure. After intensive care treatment, this patient made a full recovery.

Conclusion

This case of primary splenic abscess was treated successfully with a combination of surgery (i.e.: splenectomy and surgical drainage), prolonged antimicrobial therapy, and intensive care in the perioperative period.
Cryptocurrency competition: empirical testing of Hayek’s vision of private monies
Authors: Mayer Fabian , Bofinger Peter
Published: March 2024

This study investigated the extent of currency competition within the cryptocurrency market through the Hayek’s concept of the denationalization of money. Hayek’s original analysis primarily centered on competition revolving around the medium of the exchange function. This study posited that cryptocurrencies compete across diverse monetary functions, particularly concerning their roles as speculative stores of value and exchange media. This assertion provided insight into the distinction between Hayek’s envisaged private currencies and the cryptocurrency paradigm. Utilizing an extensive dataset encompassing 101 cryptocurrencies spanning from 2016 to 2022, an empirical exploration was conducted to scrutinize the progression and intensity of competition within the broader cryptocurrency market and its submarkets. These findings reveal a robust competition among unpegged cryptocurrencies, predominantly contending for speculative investment purposes. Similarly, there is pronounced competition among stablecoins as stable stores of value. In contrast, competition is much less pronounced concerning the medium of the exchange function, potentially entailing network effects and the emergence of monopolistic tendencies within this specific submarket.
Korea Hypertension Fact Sheet 2023: analysis of nationwide population-based data with a particular focus on hypertension in special populations
Authors: Kim Hyeon Chang , Lee Hokyou , Lee Hyeok-Hee , Son Dasom , Cho Minsung , Shin Sojung , Seo Yeeun , kim Eun-Jin ,   for the Korean Society of Hypertension (KSH)–Hypertension Epidemiology Research Working Group, Ahn Song Vogue , Jee Sun Ha , Park Sungha , Lee Hae-Young , Shin Min Ho , Ihm Sang-Hyun , Lee Seung Won , Park Jong Ku , Suh Il , Lee Tae-Yong
Published: March 2024

Background

The Korea Hypertension Fact Sheet 2023, presented by the Korean Society of Hypertension, offers an overview of the prevalence and management of hypertension, along with recent trends.

Methods

Data for the Fact Sheet were derived from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey spanning 1998 to 2021, and the National Health Insurance Big Data from 2002 to 2021.

Results

As of 2021, hypertension affected 28.0% of Korean adults aged 20 and older, totaling approximately 12.3 million individuals, with 5.3 million (43.5%) aged 65 or older. Among those with hypertension, awareness stood at 74.1%, treatment rates at 70.3%, and control rates at 56.0%. Over the years, the number of hypertension diagnoses increased from 3.0 million in 2002 to 11.1 million in 2021. During the same period, the utilization of antihypertensive medications rose from 2.5 million to 10.5 million, with treatment adherence also improving from 0.6 million to 7.8 million individuals. In 2021, the predominant antihypertensive drug class was angiotensin receptor blockers (75.1%), followed by calcium channel blockers (61.7%), diuretics (23.4%), and beta blockers (15.3%). Notably, 60.2% of all antihypertensive prescriptions involved combination therapy with at least two classes of antihypertensive medication. There was a positive trend towards stricter blood pressure control targets (systolic/diastolic blood pressure < 130/80 mmHg) among elderly hypertensive patients, as well as those with diabetes, obesity, and high-risk hypertension. However, this trend declined in individuals aged 80 years or older and those with chronic kidney disease in recent years.

Conclusion

In Korea, hypertension management is making strides, yet the total number of hypertensive individuals is rising. Effectively addressing the growing population of elderly hypertensive patients and the persistently low treatment rates among younger individuals with hypertension is a critical challenge. Additionally, developing more efficient and customized policies for blood pressure control and cardiovascular disease prevention is imperative.
Postoperative epidural hematoma as a rare complication after intracranial tumor resection: a case series report and causes analysis
Authors: Zeng Minghui , Li Zhijin , Xia Chunsheng , Cheng Xufeng , Wang Yehan , Wang Fei
Published: March 2024

Background

To review the treatment and the causes of postoperative epidural hematoma (PEDH) after intracranial tumor resection.

Method

A retrospective case study was conducted to examine a series of patients who developed PEDH as a complication following intracranial tumor resection between January 2016 and June 2021. The study collected data from hospital charts, including clinical status at admission, imaging results, histopathologic findings, surgical management, complications, and outcomes. Causes of PEDH were evaluated through a review of operative notes and discussions with the surgical team.

Results

Twenty-five patients (10 males, 15 females; median age 42 years, range 11–61 years; median medical history 27 months, range 1–96 months) were enrolled in the study. Regarding tumor location, 16 cases exhibited supratentorial brain tumors, 4 cases had infratentorial brain tumors, 2 cases of tumors occurred in the petroclival region, 2 cases in the peritorcular region, and 1 case in the pineal region. Four of these cases were complicated with supratentorial hydrocephalus. The 25 cases in this study were classified into four types based on location. Type 1 refers to EDHs that occur at the adjacent site of the operative field without involvement of the surgical area. Type 2 includes hematomas that occur at the adjacent site of the surgical area and the surgical area. Type 3 includes EDHs that occur in distant areas, and type 4 involves EDHs in the surgical field. The numbers of cases of types 1, 2, 3, and 4 PEDHs were 16, 2, 3, and 4 cases, respectively. Most PEDHs were associated with reduced ICP after craniotomy due to intracranial tumor resection and substantial loss of CSF. All patients achieved satisfactory outcomes after hematoma evacuation.

Conclusion

The decrease in ICP resulting from intracranial tumor resection and CSF loss might lead to PEDHs. By employing optimized surgical techniques and meticulous patient management to prevent rapid decreases in ICP and dural detachment, we can potentially lower the incidence of PEDHs. Additionally, prompt evacuation of hematomas can contribute to positive outcomes.
The role of Staphylococcus aureus quorum sensing in cutaneous and systemic infections
Authors: Yamazaki Yuriko , Ito Tomoka , Tamai Masakazu , Nakagawa Seitaro , Nakamura Yuumi
Published: March 2024

Background

Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of human bacterial infections worldwide. It is the most common causative agent of skin and soft tissue infections, and can also cause various other infections, including pneumonia, osteomyelitis, as well as life-threatening infections, such as sepsis and infective endocarditis. The pathogen can also asymptomatically colonize human skin, nasal cavity, and the intestine. S. aureus colonizes approximately 20–30% of human nostrils, being an opportunistic pathogen for subsequent infection. Its strong ability to silently spread via human contact makes it difficult to eradicate S. aureus. A major concern with S. aureus is its capacity to develop antibiotic resistance and adapt to diverse environmental conditions. The variability in the accessory gene regulator (Agr) region of the genome contributes to a spectrum of phenotypes within the bacterial population, enhancing the likelihood of survival in different environments. Agr functions as a central quorum sensing (QS) system in S. aureus, allowing bacteria to adjust gene expression in response to population density. Depending on Agr expression, S. aureus secretes various toxins, contributing to virulence in infectious diseases. Paradoxically, expressing Agr may be disadvantageous in certain situations, such as in hospitals, causing S. aureus to generate Agr mutants responsible for infections in healthcare settings.

Main body

This review aims to demonstrate the molecular mechanisms governing the diverse phenotypes of S. aureus, ranging from a harmless colonizer to an organism capable of infecting various human organs. Emphasis will be placed on QS and its role in orchestrating S. aureus behavior across different contexts.

Short conclusion

The pathophysiology of S. aureus infection is substantially influenced by phenotypic changes resulting from factors beyond Agr. Future studies are expected to give the comprehensive understanding of S. aureus overall profile in various settings.
Corrosion protection of mild steel in corrosive media, a shift from synthetic to natural corrosion inhibitors: a review
Authors: Emmanuel Jovine Kamuhabwa
Published: March 2024

Background

Mild steel is globally used in the construction, manufacturing and engineering industries due to its low cost and appreciable stability. Despite its application, mild steel often loses its structural integrity, attractiveness and performance because of corrosion, a spontaneous process with serious negative global safety, economic and environmental impacts. However, inhibitors are frequently used in corrosion-inhibitive fluids to provide temporary corrosion protection.

Main body of the abstract

Various organic and inorganic molecules display inhibitory characteristics; nevertheless, most of these are remarkably lethal to humans and their surroundings. Therefore, the application of such molecules is limited in recent applications. As of today, there has been a continuous and ever-increasing curiosity about the use of green corrosion inhibitors of plant origin. The current article discusses the kinds of corrosion, corrosion progression and plant-based mild steel corrosion inhibitors. Evidently, diverse plant sources have continuously been sufficiently used as sensible protectors for mild steel deterioration.

Short conclusion

Reports reveal an ever-increasing shift from the previous traditional synthetic to plant-based natural corrosion inhibitors in corrosive media. A wide range of natural plant-based corrosion inhibitors, the influence of the amount and temperature on inhibitory action and the motive for the shift are apparent.
Some effects of domain size and boundary conditions on the accuracy of airfoil simulations
Authors: Golmirzaee Narges , Wood David H.
Published: March 2024

This paper investigates a specific case of one of the most popular fluid dynamic simulations, the incompressible flow around an airfoil (NACA 0012 here) at a high Reynolds number ($$6 \times 10^6$$

6
×

10
6

). OpenFOAM software was used to study the effect of domain size and four common choices of boundary conditions on airfoil lift, drag, surface friction, and pressure. We also examine the relation between boundary conditions and the velocity, pressure, and vorticity distributions throughout the domain. In addition to the common boundary conditions, we implement the “point vortex” boundary condition that was introduced many years ago but is now rarely used. We also applied the point vortex condition for the outlet pressure instead of using the traditional Neumann condition. With the airfoil generating significant lift at incidence angles of $$5^\circ , 10^\circ$$

5
∘

,

10
∘

, and $$14^\circ$$

14
∘

, we confirm a previous finding that the boundary conditions combine with domain size to produce an induced (pressure) drag. The change in the pressure drag with domain size is significant for the commonly-used boundary conditions but is much smaller for the point vortex alternative. The point vortex boundary condition increases the execution time, but this is more than offset by the reduction in domain size needed to achieve a specified accuracy in the lift and drag. This study also estimates the error in total drag and lift due to domain size and shows it can be almost eliminated using the point vortex boundary condition. We also used the impulse form of the momentum equations to study the relation between drag and lift and spurious vorticity, which is generated as a result of using non-exact boundary conditions. These equations reveal that the spurious vorticity throughout the domain is associated with cancelling circulation around the domain boundaries.
Chemical composition of Gariss produced from milk of camels with different watering intervals using some traditional containers in Al-Koma Locality, North Darfur State, Sudan
Authors: Osman Hafiz I. I. , Shuiep El Tahir S. , El Zubeir Ibtisam E. M.
Published: March 2024

Background

The nomadic camels herders utilizing the extensive production system in Sudan depend mainly on fermented milk, locally known as Gariss, as their main stable food for several months during the year.

Methods

This study was conducted to assess some factors (locations, types of containers used for preparing Gariss and camels watering intervals) affecting the compositional content of Gariss that is commonly prepared by nomadic camel herders. Gariss samples (n-118) were collected during February 2018, from nomadic herders in 4 locations in Al-Koma Locality, North Darfur State, Sudan.

Results and discussion

The chemical analysis conducted during this study indicated that the mean levels of the total solids, fat, protein and ash content and the pH values of Gariss samples revealed 7.35 ± 0.22%, 2.58 ± 0.08%, 1.86 ± 0.04% and 0.67 ± 0.01% and 3.77 ± 0.03, respectively. The data showed that Gariss prepared in Siin showed the highest total solids (7.7 ± 0.71%), protein (2.02 ± 0.18%), fat (2.60 ± 0.19%) and ash (0.68 ± 0.04%) content, while it revealed the lowest pH value (3.61 ± 0.11). Gariss prepared in plastic containers showed the lowest total solids (7.30 ± 0.23%) and protein (1.48 ± 0.28%). Moreover, Gariss from milk of camels that drink water every 14 days revealed high values for total solids (7.91 ± 0.29%), fat (2.80 ± 0.11%), protein (1.99 ± 0.05%) and pH (3.78 ± 0.04), while it showed the lowest ash (0.67 ± 0.02%) content compared to those made from milk of camels with drinking water frequency of 10 days.

Conclusion

The study concluded that the compositional content of Gariss was affected by the frequency of water drinking by camels in addition to the containers used for its preparation; as the compositional content of Gariss from Siin showed the best values followed by that stored in Bokhsa. Thus, the study recommends that Siin and Bokhsa should be considered as valuable ethnic containers in keeping camel fermented milk with better compositional content.
Bioactive properties and therapeutic aspects of fermented vegetables: a review
Authors: Gunawardena Sadhisha , Nadeeshani Harshani , Amarasinghe Vidun , Liyanage Ruvini
Published: March 2024

The pathogenesis of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide is closely linked to the global nutrition transition. Functional foods play a crucial role in the prevention and control of NCDs, making them an active area of research. Fermentation, which involves the biotransformation of food, enhances its digestibility and nutritional properties by releasing bioactive molecules. The increased bioactivity during fermentation can be attributed to the liberation of compounds trapped in the food matrix, the generation of metabolites, or the metabolic products of the microorganisms involved. Additionally, fermented foods can serve as a vehicle to deliver live beneficial microbes to the gastrointestinal tract, promoting gut homeostasis. While most studies demonstrate an increase in bioactivity during fermentation, some investigations yield contradictory results, likely due to the complexity of the food matrix, microbial strains utilized, and environmental conditions during the fermentation process. Further research is needed to address conflicting findings, and epidemiological studies are recommended to examine the impact of fermented vegetables on human health. This review discusses changes in antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, anticancer, and antihypertensive activities of fermented vegetables, both in vitro and in vivo using animal models. Moreover, the drawbacks associated with vegetable fermentation, their management, and the future prospects of vegetable fermentation are also discussed.

Graphical Abstract
Moving from surviving to thriving: a taxonomy of beginning science teacher challenges
Authors: Donna Joel D. , Roehrig Gillian H.
Published: March 2024

Induction programs have been promoted as a potential solution for alleviating aspects of job dissatisfaction that lead to attrition of beginning science teachers. We can meet the immediate concerns of beginning teachers that impact job satisfaction while simultaneously helping them improve their practices by better understanding the particular challenges they face. This qualitative study examines challenges as expressed within an online induction program for non-tenured Science educators with data from synchronous chat room sessions between mentors and beginning teachers. The results indicate that there is a more diverse and nuanced set of challenges that beginning in-service science teachers face than previously indicated by literature. The content-specific nature of these challenges supports the call for content-specific induction.
Unraveling the microRNAs, key players in folliculogenesis and ovarian diseases
Authors: Kusumaningtyas Intan , Dasuki Djaswadi , Harjana Sofia Mubarika , Sadewa Ahmad Hamim , Sweety Margaretha Cempaka , Septiani Linda
Published: March 2024

Background

Folliculogenesis is an intricate process that involves the development and maturation of ovarian follicles in females. During folliculogenesis, multiple factors including hormones, growth factors, and signaling pathways regulate the growth and maturation of follicles. In recent years, microRNA, short non-coding RNA molecules, has gained attention due to its roles in the physiology and pathophysiology of various diseases in humans. It is known to have an important part in ovarian health and illness and its functions extend to several cellular processes.

Main body

In this overview, we look at the importance of microRNAs in ovarian illnesses and how they function during follicle growth in the ovaries. Short RNA molecules (22 nucleotides) called microRNAs may influence several mRNA targets in different biological processes. The expression patterns of these small non-coding RNAs undergo dynamic changes during the several phases of follicular development; they play a function in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Follicle development, follicular atresia (regression of the follicles), and ovulation are all intricately regulated by the dynamic expression of distinct miRNAs throughout the various phases of folliculogenesis.

The role of microRNAs (miRNAs), which are known to regulate gene expression, has recently come to light as crucial in the development and advancement of a number of ovarian diseases. Abnormalities of the human ovary, such as ovarian cancer, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and endometriosis, have prompted extensive research into the dysregulation of microRNAs. Endometriosis is associated with miRNAs that are known to have a role in processes such as invasion, cell growth, cell adhesion, angiogenesis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The disturbance of target gene expression resulting from abnormal miRNA production is a potential factor contributing to cancer development. Some microRNAs (miRNAs) differ in expression levels between women with polycystic ovary syndrome and healthy controls, indicating that miRNAs may play a role in the development of PCOS.

Conclusion

Extensive research carried out over the last 20 years has illuminated the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs), demonstrating their critical importance in controlling gene expression and the cell cycle. Changes in the quantities of microRNAs (miRNAs) may affect the aggressiveness of cancer and contribute to a variety of gynecological disorders. It appears that microRNAs hold potential as diagnostic biomarkers and treatment potential for various ovarian diseases.
A review on reinforcements, fabrication methods, and mechanical and wear properties of titanium metal matrix composites
Authors: Ammisetti Dhanunjay Kumar , Kruthiventi S. S. Harish , Vinjavarapu Sankararao , Babu Nelakuditi Naresh , Gandepudi Jaya Raju , Battula Sudheer Kumar
Published: March 2024

Titanium and its alloys exhibit a favorable integration of characteristics, including notable strength and high resistance to corrosion. However, they are deficient in terms of wear resistance and thermal conductivity, among other properties. The aforementioned limitations impose constraints on the utilization of these alloys across diverse applications. Currently, various strategies involving the utilization of composite materials are being implemented in order to address and mitigate these previously mentioned limitations. The utilization of micro- or nano-sized reinforcements has been employed to improve the characteristics of the metal matrix. Diverse techniques are employed to uniformly distribute the reinforcement within the matrix, thereby generating titanium metal matrix composites (TMCs). The use of TMCs has become increasingly prevalent in diverse sectors, including defense, automotive, aerospace, and biomedical, owing to their remarkable characteristics, which encompass lower weight, higher specific strength, and compatibility with biological systems. The present study discusses various manufacturing techniques, including spark plasma sintering (SPS), additive manufacturing, and vacuum melting. This study further examines different reinforcements that are considered in the production of TMCs. The current study also investigates the effects of reinforcements on properties such as mechanical and tribological characteristics. The study demonstrated that the incorporation of reinforcements resulted in enhanced properties.
Batch adsorption of diesel oil in water using saba banana peel biochar immobilized in teabags
Authors: Urgel Jefrick Jun Daniel T. , Briones Justin Marwin A. , Diaz Emmanuel B. , Dimaculangan Kirstin Margaux N. , Rangel Kayla L. , Lopez Edgar Clyde R.
Published: March 2024

Diesel oil contamination is a threat to environment and human health. Many technologies have been developed to address this issue; however, they are costly to be deployed in real-world oil remediation. Adsorption remains to be one of the most economical methods to remove oil from water. Here, we used banana peel biochar (BPBC) immobilized in teabags as an adsorbent for the removal of diesel oil in water. We investigated the adsorption behavior of BPBC under different conditions, examining the influence of adsorbent loading, pH, salinity, and contact time on its efficiency for removing diesel oil in water. Our results show that the sorption capacity of BPBC is significantly affected by the amount of adsorbent used. Lower biochar loadings enhance the sorption capacity due to greater surface area accessibility, while higher loadings lead to decreased efficiency due to pore blockage and reduced surface exposure. Interestingly, the pH of the solution was found to have minimal impact on the sorption process. This is attributed to diesel oil’s hydrophobic and non-polar nature, which leads to its interaction with BPBC being predominantly governed by hydrophobic forces instead of pH-sensitive electrostatic interactions. Salinity emerged as a crucial factor in the adsorption process. An increase in salinity enhances the sorption capacity, likely due to the “salting-out” effect, where higher salt concentrations decrease the solubility of diesel oil, promoting its adsorption onto the biochar surface. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of contact time, with longer exposure resulting in increased sorption capacity. This trend is explained by the adsorption kinetics, initially characterized by rapid adsorption, followed by a slower, progressive occupation of the biochar’s adsorption sites. The kinetic analysis of the process suggests that the pseudo-second-order model is more suitable, indicating a chemisorption mechanism. The Harkins–Jura isotherm model was identified as the best fit for explaining the isotherm behavior, owing to its capacity to account for the heterogeneous nature of the biochar surface and the formation of multiple adsorbate layers. The optimum conditions for maximum diesel oil removal are as follows: BPBC loading of 0.50 g, a solution pH of 5.00, a salinity concentration of 12,656.57 mg/L, and a contact time of 240 min. Under these conditions, BPBC exhibited an adsorption capacity of 19.04 g/g. In summary, our research establishes BPBC, particularly when contained within teabags, as an efficient and practical adsorbent for diesel oil removal in water. Its effectiveness, superior to other biochar, is mainly due to its porosity and hydrophobic properties. These findings not only enhance our understanding of BPBC’s adsorption capabilities but also underscore its potential for environmental remediation.

Graphical Abstract
Mapping food system drivers of the double burden of malnutrition using community-based system dynamics: a case study in Peru
Authors: Quinteros-Reyes Carmen , Seferidi Paraskevi , Guzman-Abello Laura , Millett Christopher , Bernabé-Ortiz Antonio , Ballard Ellis
Published: March 2024

Background

Peru is facing a double burden of malnutrition (DBM), characterized by the co-existence of undernutrition and overnutrition. Double-duty actions that concurrently target common drivers of undernutrition and overnutrition, while ensuring no unintended side effects, are recommended to effectively address the DBM. To understand these complex common mechanisms and design context-specific double-duty actions, there is a need for participatory systems approaches. This paper provides a case study of applying a community-based system dynamics approach to capture stakeholder perspectives of food system drivers of the DBM in two regions in Peru.

Methods

We implemented a multi-stage community-based system dynamics approach, which included processes for research capacity building for systems approaches, and the designing, piloting, and implementation of stakeholder workshops. A total of 36 stakeholders, representing diverse perspectives, participated in five group model building workshops. Stakeholder views are presented in a causal loop diagram that showcases the feedback mechanisms between key food system drivers of overweight and stunting in Peru.

Results

The causal loop diagram highlights that prioritization of undernutrition over overnutrition in the policymaking process, due to Peru’s historically high levels of undernutrition, may undermine action against the DBM. It also describes potential mechanisms of unintended impacts of undernutrition policies on the DBM in Peru, including impacts related to within-family distribution and quality of food provided through food assistance programs, and unintended impacts due to regional dynamics.

Conclusions

This paper highlights the importance of a participatory approach to understand local needs and priorities when recommending double-duty actions in Peru and shares practical methodological guidance on applying participatory systems approaches in public health.
Reviews
Authors: Aitken Julie
Published: March 2024

No Miracles Needed: How Today's Technology Can Save Our Climate and Clean Our Air, by Mark Z. Jacobson, 2023.
The p factor outweighs the specific internalizing factor in predicting recurrences of adolescent depression
Authors: Shu Yinuo , Ao Na , Wen Xue , Cui Zaixu , Qu Diyang , Chen Runsen
Published: March 2024

Background

The early prediction of adolescent depression recurrence poses a significant challenge in the field. This study aims to investigate and compare the abilities of the general psychopathology factor (p) and the specific internalizing factor, in predicting depression recurrence over a 2-year course, as well as identifying remitted depressed adolescents from healthy adolescents. Longitudinal changes of these two factors in different trajectory groups were also tracked to examine their sensitivity to sustained remission and relapse.

Methods

We included 255 baseline-remitted depressed adolescents and a healthy control group (n = 255) matched in age, sex, and race, sourced from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. The linear mixed model was employed for the statistical analysis.

Results

The p factor not only effectively discriminated between remitted depressed adolescents and healthy controls but also robustly predicted the depression recurrence over a subsequent 2-year course. The specific internalizing factor could only differentiate remitted depressed adolescents from healthy controls. Additionally, a noteworthy longitudinal decline of the p factor in the sustained-remission group was observed.

Conclusions

Psychopathology factors serve as the inherent and enduring measurement of long-term mental health aberrations. Longitudinal results indicate that the p factor is more sensitive to respond to sustained remission than the internalizing factor. The ability of the overall p factor to anticipate depression relapse, unlike the specific internalizing factor, suggests the clinical interventions should monitor and mitigate the coincident symptoms across all dimensions to preempt relapse of adolescent depression, rather than an exclusive focus on internalizing symptoms.
Serum Chemerin Levels Correlate With Severity of Dysglycemia in Young Adult Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Bose Chiranjit , Mukherjee Bidisha , Mukherjee Ananya , Pramanik Subhasish , Saha Chinmay , Mondal Asif , Mukhopadhyay Satinath
Published: March 2024

Context

A subset of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) individuals also have type 2 diabetes (T2D); an unmet need to identify this subgroup exists.

Objective

We looked at the potential role of serum chemerin, a proinflammatory adipokine, in identifying dysglycemic PCOS.

Methods

A total of 93 PCOS and 33 healthy controls were classified, based on fasting and 2-hour plasma glucose levels (2hPGPG) and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (%) into normoglycemic (n = 34), dysglycemic (n = 33), and T2D (n = 26). Serum chemerin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Homeostatic model 2 assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-2IR) and homeostatic model 2 assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-2β) were computed using serum C-peptide.

Results

Metabolic syndrome was present in 9.7% (National Cholesterol Education Program) of PCOS. Waist circumference, body fat (%), 2hPGPG, and HbA1c levels were significantly higher in T2D group. Serum triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TGs/HDL-c) ratio was increased in PCOS individuals with T2D; no significant changes in total cholesterol and LDL-c levels were seen. Serum chemerin levels were significantly higher (P < .001) in the PCOS group. Total body fat (%), 2hPGPG, HbA1c, and TG/HDL-c ratio correlated positively with chemerin levels. Serum chemerin levels correlated positively with HOMA2IR and negatively with HOMA-2β. On receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, a serum chemerin cutoff level of greater than 309.3 ng/mL differentiated PCOS individuals with dysglycemia from those without (sensitivity 85.71%, specificity 89.47%). The Cohen kappa test revealed a substantial agreement (P < .001) between chemerin cutoff and 2hPGPG levels greater than 200 mg/dL. The present study is arguably the first ever to define a serum chemerin cutoff to distinguish PCOS individuals with T2D from those without.

Conclusion

Elevated serum chemerin levels reliably identify PCOS individuals with dysglycemia. Further, longitudinal studies with larger samples are required to confirm this association.
What the State of Nature Hath Joined Together: Bolsonarismo as Horizon and Machine
Authors: Nunes Rodrigo
Published: March 2024

Analyses of fascism often evoke an excessive tendency that pulls it beyond the very possibility of its normalization as a political order. This essay suggests that reading a phenomenon like Bolsonarismo through this prism simultaneously identifies something true about its vision and misrecognizes some key aspects of its organization and internal functioning. Attention to the latter—particularly the role played by what the author describes as “political entrepreneurs”—allows us to understand contemporary far-right agitation in Brazil as a machine to both stimulate and contain excess. Thus, while the Bolsonarista horizon could be described as something like a differentially distributed state of nature, this is not so much some extreme outside of politics than something a lot more continuous with conditions already in existence. This, finally, makes it possible to place the January 8, 2023, attack on Brasília in context.
Michael Wigglesworth's Queer Orthography
Authors: Looby Christopher
Published: March 2024

In a diary kept by Michael Wigglesworth, including when he was a tutor at Harvard, between 1653 and 1657, he used a particular shorthand method to encrypt certain matters: his agonized reflections on his erotic dreams and nocturnal emissions, as well as what he believed to be his excessive fondness for his male students. Scholars have frequently assumed that these two encrypted matters must be related to one another, i.e., that Wigglesworth’s dreams must have been homoerotic in nature. This assumption is reasonable, but it is an assumption; Wigglesworth does not record the actual content of his “filthy” dreams. Employing approaches borrowed from queer studies, material textual studies, and medical/health humanities, this essay investigates the nexus of Wigglesworth’s particular orthography, his reflections on his sexual “distemper,” as he called it, and his medicalization of his dreams and seminal emissions.
An ode to multidisciplinarity: the ‘Bacteria Orchestrate Life’ international meeting
Authors: Jemaà Mohamed
Published: March 2024

If scientists stick to their research expertise without collaborating with other experts in different fields, it could stall the progress of their work in a world where interdisciplinary thinking and working should be second nature. Biologists are at the forefront of this trend. That is why a consortium formed by the faculty of sciences of Tunis El Manar University, Tunisia, the GetGenome Foundation and Learn and Win, decided to organise an international conference on bacteria, a perfect field for multidisciplinarity. For 3 days, from 14 to 16 December 2023, more than 200 interdisciplinary researchers and students of life sciences and more than 20 international speakers and trainers met at the faculty of sciences in Tunis, to discuss microbiology and bacteria from different horizons, from the most fundamental to the most imaginative, with a strong focus on technologies and discoveries. This Meeting Review describes the scientific event and highlights the main results of both the conferences and the practical sessions.
Co-rotating twin screw process for continuous manufacturing of solid crystal suspension: A promising strategy to enhance the solubility, permeation and oral bioavailability of Carvedilol
Authors: Navti Prerana D. , Fernandes Gasper , Soman Soji , Nikam Ajinkya N. , Kulkarni Sanjay , Birangal Sumit R , Dhas Namdev , Shenoy Gautham G. , Rao Vinay , Koteshwara Kunnatur Balasundara , Mutalik Srinivas
Published: March 2024

Background In the current work, co-rotating twin-screw processor (TSP) was utilized to formulate solid crystal suspension (SCS) of carvedilol (CAR) for enhancing its solubility, dissolution rate, permeation and bioavailability using mannitol as a hydrophilic carrier. Methods In-silico molecular dynamics (MD) studies were done to simulate the interaction of CAR with mannitol at different kneading zone temperatures (KZT). Based on these studies, the optimal CAR: mannitol ratios and the kneading zone temperatures for CAR solubility enhancement were assessed. The CAR-SCS was optimized utilizing Design-of-Experiments (DoE) methodology using the Box-Behnken design. Saturation solubility studies and in vitro dissolution studies were performed for all the formulations. Physicochemical characterization was performed using differential scanning calorimetry , Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction studies, and Raman spectroscopy analysis. Ex vivo permeation studies and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies for the CAR-SCS were performed. Stability studies were performed for the DoE-optimized CAR-SCS at accelerated stability conditions at 40 ºC/ 75% RH for three months. Results Experimentally, the formulation with CAR: mannitol ratio of 20:80, prepared using a KZT of 120 ºC at 100 rpm screw speed showed the highest solubility enhancement accounting for 50-fold compared to the plain CAR. Physicochemical characterization confirmed the crystalline state of DoE-optimized CAR-SCS. In-vitro dissolution studies indicated a 6.03-fold and 3.40-fold enhancement in the dissolution rate of optimized CAR-SCS in pH 1.2 HCl solution and phosphate buffer pH 6.8, respectively, as compared to the pure CAR. The enhanced efficacy of the optimized CAR-SCS was indicated in the ex vivo and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies wherein the apparent permeability was enhanced 1.84-fold and bioavailability enhanced 1.50-folds compared to the plain CAR. The stability studies showed good stability concerning the drug content. Conclusions TSP technology could be utilized to enhance the solubility, bioavailability and permeation of poor soluble CAR by preparing the SCS.
The CT Scan Lung Severity Score and Vaccination Status in COVID-19 patients in India: Perspective of an Independent Radiology Practice
Authors: Lakhia Revat , Trivedi Jaimin
Published: March 2024

Background Patients with COVID-19 often undergo a high-resolution CT scan to determine the extent of lung involvement. The aim of this study was to determine lung involvement in confirmed/suspected COVID-19 patients (encountered at an independent radiology practice) and its correlation to vaccination status amidst the second COVID-19 wave in India. Methods We retrospectively queried our data from April 2021 to identify adult patients (>17 years) who had confirmed (positive RT-PCR or antigen test) or suspected COVID-19 (classic symptoms but negative RT-PCR) and received a high-resolution CT scan to determine the extent of lung involvement using the CT severity (CT-SS) score. The patients were classified into three groups based on their vaccination status to determine their correlation with the CT-SS score: fully vaccinated, partially vaccinated, and unvaccinated. Basic descriptive statistics, univariate tests, and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed. Results We identified 229 patients (median age, 45 years; 60% male), of whom 205 (89%) had confirmed COVID-19 (positive RT-PCR) and 24 had suspected disease (negative RT-PCT but classic symptoms). Of 229 patients, 29 (13%) had complete vaccination, 38 (17%) had partial vaccination, and 162 (70%) had no vaccination. The CT score of the completely vaccinated patients was significantly lower than that of the partially or unvaccinated patients (median 0 v. 3.5 v. 10, respectively p<.01). Conclusion Here, we present real-world findings from an independent radiology practice (a unique and common practice model) in India amid the second COVID-19 wave, showing significantly lower CT severity scores in fully or partially vaccinated patients compared to unvaccinated patients. Complete vaccination of patients may be critical in preventing severe lung disease.