bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nearshore Contamination Monitoring in Sandy Soils Using Polymer Optical Fibre Bragg Grating Sensing Systems
Authors: Fadaie Sina , Mehravar Moura , Webb David John , Zhang Wei
Published: July 2022

Civil engineering assets and geo-structures continually deteriorate during their lifetime, particularly in harsh environments that may be contaminated with corrosive substances. However, efficient and constant structural health monitoring and accurate prediction of the service-life of these assets can help to ensure their safety, performance, and health conditions and enable proper maintenance and rehabilitation. Nowadays, many of the largest cities throughout the world are situated in coastal zones, leading to a dramatic increase in the construction of nearshore geo-structures/infrastructures which are vulnerable to corrosion attacks resulting from salinity contamination. Additionally, seawater intrusion can threaten the quality and the sustainability of fresh groundwater resources, which are a crucial resource in coastal areas. To address these issues, detection of salinity in soil utilizing a novel polymer optical fibre Bragg grating (POFBG) sensor was investigated in this research. Experiments were carried out at different soil water contents with different salinities to assess the sensor’s response in a representative soil environment. The sensitivity of the POFBG sensor to salinity concentrations in water and soil environment is estimated as 58 ± 2 pm/%. The average standard error value in salinity is calculated as 0.43% for the samples with different soil water contents. The results demonstrate that the sensor is a promising and practical tool for the measurement and monitoring with high precision of salinity contamination in soil.
Path Planning for Wheeled Mobile Robot in Partially Known Uneven Terrain
Authors: Zhang Bo , Li Guobin , Zheng Qixin , Bai Xiaoshan , Ding Yu , Khan Awais
Published: July 2022

Path planning for wheeled mobile robots on partially known uneven terrain is an open challenge since robot motions can be strongly influenced by terrain with incomplete environmental information such as locally detected obstacles and impassable terrain areas. This paper proposes a hierarchical path planning approach for a wheeled robot to move in a partially known uneven terrain. We first model the partially known uneven terrain environment respecting the terrain features, including the slope, step, and unevenness. Second, facilitated by the terrain model, we use A⋆ algorithm to plan a global path for the robot based on the partially known map. Finally, the Q-learning method is employed for local path planning to avoid locally detected obstacles in close range as well as impassable terrain areas when the robot tracks the global path. The simulation and experimental results show that the designed path planning approach provides satisfying paths that avoid locally detected obstacles and impassable areas in a partially known uneven terrain compared with the classical A⋆ algorithm and the artificial potential field method.
Design, Fabrication, and Performance Test of a New Type of Soft-Robotic Gripper for Grasping
Authors: Zhang Hongjie , Liu Wenwen , Yu Ming , Hou Yanyan
Published: July 2022

This investigation presents a novel soft-robotic pneumatic gripper that consists of three newly proposed soft actuators. The newly proposed soft actuators adopt a composite structure of two kinds of pneumatic networks which can work independently and play their respective roles in grasping. The design, analyses, and fabrication of the proposed soft actuators are introduced systematically, and then an experimental system is built to examine the output characteristics of the soft actuator. Compared with the conventional single pneumatic network-based soft actuator, the newly proposed one combines the advantages of the two pneumatic networks, and it employs a larger output force and retains desired bending deformation ability at the same time. The grasping performance test results show that the new soft gripper constituted by the proposed soft actuators has high reliability and stability whether in pinching or in enveloping grasping, and it is also competent for grasping heavier or irregular objects, demonstrating the feasibility and effectiveness of the newly proposed soft actuator, and giving it a good and wide application prospect.
Random Forest Estimation and Trend Analysis of PM2.5 Concentration over the Huaihai Economic Zone, China (2000–2020)
Authors: Li Xingyu , Li Long , Chen Longgao , Zhang Ting , Xiao Jianying , Chen Longqian
Published: July 2022

Consisting of ten cities in four Chinese provinces, the Huaihai Economic Zone has suffered serious air pollution over the last two decades, particularly of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). In this study, we used multi-source data, namely MAIAC AOD (at a 1 km spatial resolution), meteorological, topographic, date, and location (latitude and longitude) data, to construct a regression model using random forest to estimate the daily PM2.5 concentration over the Huaihai Economic Zone from 2000 to 2020. It was found that the variable expressing time (date) had the greatest characteristic importance when estimating PM2.5. By averaging the modeled daily PM2.5 concentration, we produced a yearly PM2.5 concentration dataset, at a 1 km resolution, for the study area from 2000 to 2020. On comparing modeled daily PM2.5 with observational data, the coefficient of determination (R2) of the modeling was 0.85, the root means square error (RMSE) was 14.63 μg/m3, and the mean absolute error (MAE) was 10.03 μg/m3. The quality assessment of the synthesized yearly PM2.5 concentration dataset shows that R2 = 0.77, RMSE = 6.92 μg/m3, and MAE = 5.42 μg/m3. Despite different trends from 2000–2010 and from 2010–2020, the trend of PM2.5 concentration over the Huaihai Economic Zone during the 21 years was, overall, decreasing. The area of the significantly decreasing trend was small and mainly concentrated in the lake areas of the Zone. It is concluded that PM2.5 can be well-estimated from the MAIAC AOD dataset, when incorporating spatiotemporal variability using random forest, and that the resultant PM2.5 concentration data provide a basis for environmental monitoring over large geographic areas.
An Optimization-Based Approach to Evaluate the Operational and Environmental Impacts of Pick-Up Points on E-Commerce Urban Last-Mile Distribution: A Case Study in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Masteguim Rhandal , Cunha Claudio B.
Published: July 2022

Online sales have steadily increased in recent years. Unlike the traditional retail shopping model, e-commerce must deliver custom orders to highly dispersed locations. Consequently, negative effects have been observed in large urban and densely populated areas, such as congestion and pollution. Pick-up points (PPs) are fast-growing solutions that provide parcel delivery and picking services at diverse locations throughout major city centers. This paper describes an optimization-based approach aimed to investigate the conditions in which a network of pick-up points can be more efficient than home deliveries from operational and environmental points of view in urban last-mile distribution. Differently from the related literature, in which analytical models were employed, we use optimization and algorithms to determine the economic and environmental benefits of packages destined for pick-up points instead of home deliveries. The framework was applied to the city of São Paulo, in Brazil. Several scenarios were evaluated, comprising different densities and percentages of deliveries destined for PPs. The results show that PPs can be a promising alternative for reducing the environmental externalities, as fleet and vehicle mileage can be reduced by more than 50%.
Study on the Optimization of Proportion of Fly Ash-Based Solid Waste Filling Material with Low Cost and High Reliability
Authors: Chen Denghong , Cao Tianwei , Yang Ke , Chen Ran , Li Chao , Qin Ruxiang
Published: July 2022

In order to solve the problem of the high cost of coal-based solid waste bulk stacking and paste filling in the large-scale coal electrification base in East NingXia, in this study, fly ash is skillfully used to replace the broken coal gangue as the mixed filling material. As using a jaw crusher for crushing large coal gangue is expensive, and its energy consumption is relatively high, paste filler using fly ash as aggregate is studied through micro and macro test analyses. Using response surface methodology design software, 29 groups of mix proportion schemes are designed to obtain the best mix proportion. In addition, the radar results of slump, slump flow, and comprehensive strength are obtained by the normalization method. According to the radar chart results of the three normalized indexes, the optimal ratio parameters are as follows: the fly ash in solid phase is 79%, the mass of fly ash to the mass of cement (FA/C) is 6:1, the solid mass concentration is 78%, the fly ash to gasification slag is 1:1, and the results show that σ3d = 2.20 MPa, slump = 205 mm, and flow = 199 mm. Taking the solid mass concentration, FA/C, the fly ash content in solid phase, and the coal gangue-to-gasification slag ratio as independent variables, the influence of single-factor and multi-factor interactions of the independent variables are analyzed based on the response surface model. It is found that the solid mass concentration and FA/C have a very significant effect on the early strength. Replacing coal gangue base with fly ash base can effectively reduce the crushing cost and energy consumption and provide low-cost and highly reliable technical reserves for large-scale filling.
Conservative Financial Reporting and Resilience to the Financial Crisis
Authors: Kim Taewoo , Shawn Hyuk
Published: July 2022

Given that the current economic hardship created by COVID-19 is still in progress, it is important to understand firms’ strategic responses to prior external shocks (e.g., the financial crisis in 2007 and 2008) and the relationship between their courses of action and post-shock firm performance. This study examines (1) whether firms’ practices in financial reporting are associated with the financial crisis and (2) whether firms with conservative financial reporting during the crisis exhibit better performance in post-crisis periods. Using the ordinary least squares (OLS) models and conservatism proxy, we find that firms are more conservative in financial reporting during the financial crisis. We also find that firms with a higher degree of accounting conservatism in the financial crisis outperform in the post-crisis periods. These findings have implications for practice by providing guidance on accounting conservatism for firms who want to develop resilience from financial setbacks due to economic shocks.
Microalgae Strain Porphyridium purpureum for Nutrient Reduction in Dairy Wastewaters
Authors: Gălan Ana-Maria , Vlaicu Alexandru , Vintilă Alin Cristian Nicolae , Cîlţea-Udrescu Mihaela , Cerchezan Georgiana , Frone Adriana Nicoleta , Vasilievici Gabriel , Paulenco Anca
Published: July 2022

This paper has approached the study of dairy wastewater treatment and the simultaneous biocompound production by Porphyridium purpureum under continuous light and under a day–night cycle. The main goals were to achieve a reduction in the lactose content of the cheese wastewater that was tested and, at the same time, to obtain added value from the produced compounds, so as to increase the economic value of the process. The results show that biomass production increases proportionally with the concentration of lactose for both of the illumination options. The lactose concentration in the waste stream was reduced over 90% in just 7 days. The exopolysaccharide concentration in the growth medium increased with lactose availability. For the samples that were under constant light stress, the concentration of phycobiliproteins was highest when there was small amounts of lactose in the medium. The content of pigments was higher in the case of the day–night cycle of illumination; these being affected by stress factors such as continuous light and high lactose concentration. The results that were obtained prove that dairy wastewaters that are rich in lactose can be used efficiently for the growth of Porphyridium purpureum, achieving an increase in the biomass concentration and a large reduction of the lactose from this waste stream while obtaining a microalgae biomass that is rich in valuable compounds.
Environmental and Health Risks Posed by Heavy Metal Contamination of Groundwater in the Sunan Coal Mine, China
Authors: Wang Lijuan , Tao Yuezan , Su Bin , Wang Lijun , Liu Peigui
Published: July 2022

Groundwater is often used for domestic and irrigation purposes, even in mining areas. Mine drainage, rainfall, and infiltration cause heavy metal enrichment, adversely affecting the groundwater and harming human health. In this study, water samples (October 2021) in the Suzhou southern coal mining area were analyzed for the heavy metals As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn to determine potential effects of heavy metal contamination on environmental quality and human health. It was found that 22% and 31% of the sampling sites had “excellent” and “good” water quality, respectively. Excessive concentrations of Fe and Mn were detected in 47% and 72% of the samples, respectively. The non-carcinogenic health risk values of As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn were below the negligible levels of health risk set by various environmental agencies. Content ranking was as follows: Fe > Mn > Cr > Cu > Pb > Zn > As, with Fe accounting for 43%. All sampling points exceeded the maximum acceptable level of Cr recommended by the agencies. Chromium, the major carcinogenic factor in the study area, contributed to 95.45% of the total health risk. Therefore, the authorities in this region must closely monitor three heavy metal elements—Fe, Mn, and Cr.
Distinct Antibody Responses to Endemic Coronaviruses Pre- and Post-SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Kenyan Infants and Mothers
Authors: Stoddard Caitlin I. , Sung Kevin , Ojee Ednah , Adhiambo Judith , Begnel Emily R. , Slyker Jennifer , Gantt Soren , Matsen Frederick A. , Kinuthia John , Wamalwa Dalton , Overbaugh Julie , Lehman Dara A.
Published: July 2022

Pre-existing antibodies that bind endemic human coronaviruses (eHCoVs) can cross-react with SARS-CoV-2, which is the betacoronavirus that causes COVID-19, but whether these responses influence SARS-CoV-2 infection is still under investigation and is particularly understudied in infants. In this study, we measured eHCoV and SARS-CoV-1 IgG antibody titers before and after SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in a cohort of Kenyan women and their infants. Pre-existing eHCoV antibody binding titers were not consistently associated with SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in infants or mothers; however, we observed a very modest association between pre-existing HCoV-229E antibody levels and a lack of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in the infants. After seroconversion to SARS-CoV-2, antibody binding titers to the endemic betacoronaviruses HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1, and the highly pathogenic betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-1, but not the endemic alphacoronaviruses HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63, increased in the mothers. However, eHCoV antibody levels did not increase following SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in the infants, suggesting the increase seen in the mothers was not simply due to cross-reactivity to naively generated SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. In contrast, the levels of antibodies that could bind SARS-CoV-1 increased after SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in both the mothers and infants, both of whom were unlikely to have had a prior SARS-CoV-1 infection, supporting prior findings that SARS-CoV-2 responses cross-react with SARS-CoV-1. In summary, we found evidence of increased eHCoV antibody levels following SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in the mothers but not the infants, suggesting eHCoV responses can be boosted by SARS-CoV-2 infection when a prior memory response has been established, and that pre-existing cross-reactive antibodies are not strongly associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in mothers or infants.
Two Newly Isolated Enterobacter-Specific Bacteriophages: Biological Properties and Stability Studies
Authors: Cieślik Martyna , Harhala Marek , Orwat Filip , Dąbrowska Krystyna , Górski Andrzej , Jończyk-Matysiak Ewa
Published: July 2022

In an era of antibiotic therapy crisis caused by spreading antimicrobial resistance, and when recurrent urinary tract infections constitute a serious social and medical problem, the isolation and complex characterization of phages with a potential therapeutic application represents a promising solution. It is an inevitable, and even a necessary direction in the development of current phage research. In this paper, we present two newly isolated myoviruses that show lytic activity against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of Enterobacter spp. (E. cloacae, E. hormaechei, and E. kobei), the genomes of which belong to a poorly represented phage group. Both phages were classified as part of the Tevenvirinae subfamily (Entb_43 was recognized as Karamvirus and Entb_45 as Kanagawavirus). Phage lytic spectra ranging from 40 to 60% were obtained. The most effective phage-to-bacteria ratios (MOI = 0.01 and MOI = 0.001) for both the phage amplification and their lytic activity against planktonic bacteria were also estimated. Complete adsorption to host cells were obtained after about 20 min for Entb_43 and 10 min for Entb_45. The phage lysates retained their initial titers even during six months of storage at both −70 °C and 4 °C, whereas storage at 37 °C caused a complete loss in their activity. We showed that phages retained their activity after incubation with solutions of silver and copper nanoparticles, which may indicate possible synergistic antibacterial activity. Moreover, a significant reduction in phage titers was observed after incubation with a disinfectant containing octenidinum dihydrochloridum and phenoxyethanol, as well as with 70% ethanol. The observed maintenance of phage activity during incubation in a urine sample, along with other described properties, may suggest a therapeutic potential of phages at the infection site after intravesical administration.
Occurrence, Distribution, and Transmission of Alfalfa Viruses in China
Authors: Li Jin , Shang Qiaoxia , Liu Yanqi , Dai Wenting , Li Xin , Wei Shuhua , Hu Guixin , McNeill Mark Richard , Ban Liping
Published: July 2022

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most important quality forages worldwide and is cultivated throughout China. Alfalfa is susceptible to a variety of viral diseases during its growth, which has caused huge amounts of commercial losses. However, the profile of the alfalfa virus in China remains ambiguous and the viruses transmitted by Odontothrips loti (Haliday), dominant insect pests in alfalfa, are also poorly understood. In the present study, virus diversity was investigated in the primary alfalfa-growing areas in China. A total of 18 alfalfa viruses were identified through RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Two new plant viruses, Medicago sativa virus 1 (MsV1) and Medicago sativa luteovirus 1 (MsLV1), were detected for the first time. Another four viruses, including the Alfalfa ringspot-associated virus (ARaV), Alfalfa virus F (AVF), Alfalfa enamovirus 1 (AEV1), and Alfalfa deltaparitivirus (ADPV), were reported in China for the first time as well. Both Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and Medicago sativa alphapartitivirus 2 (MsAPV2) are the dominant pathogens, with an infection incidence of 91.7–100%, and 74.4–97.2%, respectively. Additionally, O. loti with first- and second-instar nymphs were shown to acquire the AMV within 0.25 h of feeding on a virus-infected alfalfa. Transmission by thrips to healthy alfalfa plants was also demonstrated. Additionally, we clarified the dynamic changes in the AMV in pre-adult stages of O. loti, which indicated that the AMV is propagated in the nymph stage of O. loti. These findings provide valuable information for understanding the alfalfa virome, confirm the role thrips O. loti plays in alfalfa virus transmission, and improve our fundamental knowledge and management of diseases in China.
Nipah Virus Infection Generates Ordered Structures in Cellulo
Authors: Vázquez Cecilia Alejandra , Widerspick Lina , Thuenauer Roland , Schneider Carola , Reimer Rudolph , Neira Pedro , Olal Catherine , Heung Michelle , Niemetz Linda , Lawrence Philip , Kucinskaite-Kodze Indre , Redecke Lars , Escudero-Pérez Beatriz
Published: July 2022

Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic paramyxovirus with a fatality rate of up to 92% in humans. While several pathogenic mechanisms used by NiV to counteract host immune defense responses have been described, all of the processes that take place in cells during infection are not fully characterized. Here, we describe the formation of ordered intracellular structures during NiV infection. We observed that these structures are formed specifically during NiV infection, but not with other viruses from the same Mononegavirales order (namely Ebola virus) or from other orders such as Bunyavirales (Junín virus). We also determined the kinetics of the appearance of these structures and their cellular localization at the cellular periphery. Finally, we confirmed the presence of these NiV-specific ordered structures using structured illumination microscopy (SIM), as well as their localization by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM). Herein, we describe a cytopathogenic mechanism that provides a new insight into NiV biology. These newly described ordered structures could provide a target for novel antiviral approaches.
Investigation of the effect of small iron and molybdenum additives on the phase composition of a titanium and nickel-based powder alloy
Authors:   Novolipetsk Metallurgical Combine (NLMK), Lipetsk, Gubanov O.M. , Gadalov V.N ,   Southwest State University, Kursk, Filonovich A.V. ,   Southwest State University, Kursk, Vornacheva I.V. ,   Southwest State University, Kursk, Shirobokov P.V., ,   Southwest State University, Kursk
Published: July 2022

Information is presented on the study of the effect of small iron and molybdenum additives on the phase composition of a powder alloy based on titanium and nickel. The proposed method allows to increase the rate of carburization by 1.5...2 times compared to traditional charcoal carburetors.
Influence of heat treatment modes on the structure and properties of titanium powder products
Authors:   Southwest State University, Kursk, Gadalov V. N. , Gubanov O. M. ,   Novolipetsk Metallurgical Combine (NLMK), Lipetsk, Filonovich A. V. ,   Southwest State University, Kursk, Vornacheva, I. V. ,   Southwest State University, Kursk, Shirobokov P. V. ,   Southwest State University, Kursk
Published: July 2022

The paper considers the effect of modes on the structure of samples and products made of titanium powders obtained by various methods. The results of the conducted research on the pressing and sintering of titanium powders obtained by various production methods are presented. It is shown that the mechanical properties and structure of the finished product depend not only on the production method, the content of impurities and the microstructure of particles, but also on other factors. Recommendations for the use of titanium powders are presented.
Programming the Relley distribution
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Yudachev S.S. , Gordienko N.A. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Monakhov P.A. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Sitnikov S. S. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow
Published: July 2022

The article describes programming algorithms for finding and processing a signal. The practical significance of the work is the study of the basics of programming in C and Python. Getting to know the Visual studio integrated programming environment is a popular environment for writing, debugging and compiling code, available for download in the public domain. It also includes most of the libraries used, which simplify writing code. And Anaconda is a distribution for the Python programming language, which includes a set of free libraries, which is also freely available. The interaction of C and Python languages is demonstrated by the example of constructing random variables distributed according to Relley's law using probability theory. Using the C language, the task of calculating data and filling it into an array was performed, Python was used for modeling, constructing histograms and comparing the results obtained with theoretical ones. This work can be used to train students of higher educational institutions for the purpose of familiarization, as well as further used to determine a false alarm used in finding an adaptive threshold for primary signal processing in radar. The syntax of each language and their strengths are considered. Familiarization and study of these programming languages are conducted within the walls of one of the leading engineering universities of the Russian Federation, the Bauman Moscow State Technical University.
SYSTEM APPROACH IN INFORMATION SUPPORT OF THE «ROAD USER-VEHICLE-ROAD-EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT»
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, PODOPRIGORA N.V.
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to the study of aspects of information interaction of the driver subsystem while driving a vehicle. The purpose of writing the paper is to publish the unified information model of interaction of the «Driver» subsystem with other subsystems of the classical «Driver-Car-Road-Environment» system proposed by the author. In the article the author analyzes the infor-mation signals coming to the driver from the controlled vehicle, the road, the environment, includ-ing other participants of the road. The author builds channels of information interaction between individual subsystems «Driver - Vehicle - Road – Environment». The proposed changes the author presents in the form of a unified holistic information system «Road user-Vehicle-Road-External Environment».The scientific novelty lies in the possibility to carry out the analysis and modeling of the in-formation exchange between the driver and other subsystems «road user - vehicle - road – envi-ronment» in order to prevent and predict road accidents.
RESEARCH OF APPROACHES TO THE FORMATION OF OPTIMAL COMPONENTS IN THE LINKS OF MODERN MULTIMODAL LOGISTICS SYSTEMS FOR THE SUPPLY OF FERTILIZERS TO DOMESTIC AND GLOBAL TO CONSUMERS
Authors:   Volgograd State Technical University, KULIKOV A.V. , BLIZNYAKOVA E.A. ,   Volgograd State Technical University, BONDARENKO S.A. ,   Volgograd State Technical University, KULIKOV A.А. ,   Lyceum № 5
Published: July 2022

The article analyzes the volume of production and consumption of mineral fertilizers in the coun-try. Graphic material is presented indicating the location of the main domestic fertilizer manufac-turing plants. The structure of marine exports of mineral fertilizers through Russian ports is stud-ied and the method of calculating the shortest distances between ports involved in export-import operations with Russia is described. The optimal scheme of securing consumers to suppliers in the supply of mineral fertilizers is proposed.
REFERENCE COEFFICIENT SPATIAL AND GEOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ROUTE
Authors:   Don State Technical University, ZYRYANOV V.V. , VETROVA T.A. ,   Don State Technical University
Published: July 2022

The coefficient for assessing the optimality of the route by the criterion of minimum passenger travel time - the coefficient of reference of spatial-geometric characteristics of the route has been developed. Formulas for calculating the coefficient for the entire route, as well as for a single line, and for a section consisting of several lines are proposed.
PRINCIPLES OF CENTRALIZATION AND SPECIALIZATION OF TECHNICAL SERVICE OF CITY BUSES
Authors:   State Technical University, DENISOV A.S. , FEKLIN E.V. ,   State Technical University, IGNATOV A.V. ,   State Technical University
Published: July 2022

The article describes the system of ensuring the operability of buses with separation into subsys-tems. The theory of ultimate utility in connection with the system of maintenance and repair of ve-hicles is presented. The structure of the operation and repair cycle of cars is considered. A compar-ison of the efficiency of options for improving the production and technical base of the technical service of city buses is shown. It is justified that the production rate of cars on the line is maximum with a rational combination of centralization, specialization and cooperation of technical service.
PELATIHAN PENERAPAN TEKNIK EFF-DEE MASS UNTUK MENGURANGI SAKIT PERSALINAN
Authors: Surahmat Eneng Solihah , Sugiarsih Ugi , Warliana Warliana
Published: July 2022

Puskesmas C merupakan salah satu Puskesmas dengan fasilitas Pelayanan Obstetri Neonatal Emergensi Dasar (PONED).  Kematian ibu terbanyak, yaitu 5 kasus pada tahun 2020, dengan Jumlah kunjungan persalinan 479 orang. Teknik Eff- Dee Mass merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk mengurangi rasa sakit pada saat persalinan, diharapkan ibu bersalin mampu beradaptasi dengan rasa sakit akibat kontraksi pada saat persalinan. Penerapannya dengan melibatkan bidan dan pendamping persalinan. Dampak yang dirasakan oleh ibu bersalin dengan penerapan Teknik ini, yaitu secara fisiologi  terjadinya peningkaran endhorpin yang menimbulkan relaksasi sehingga mengurangi rasa nyeri saat kontraksi persalinan dan yang kedua dengan adanya pendamping peralinan sebagai pelaksana penerapan Teknik Eff Dee Mass secara tidak langsung akan meningkatkan rasa aman dan nyaman. Hasil studi pendahuluan didapatkan data bahwa dari 29 Bidan yang bertugas di Puskesmas C belum tahu tentang cara mengurangi nyeri persalinan secara fisik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan bidan dan pendamping persalinan dalam penatalaksanaan nyeri persalinan. Metode : Program kemitraan. Hasil menungjukkaan ada peningkatan pengetahuan sebanyak 5,6 point dari nilai pre dan poat tes, penambahan  keterampilan bidan dalam menatalaksanaan nyeri persalinan secara langsung kepada ibu dalam masa persalinan dan sebagai educator untuk pendamping persalinan dalam menerapkan Teknik Eff-Dee Mass  sehingga ibu yang sedang melahirkan dapat melalui persalinan dengan tenang serta peran aktif pendamping persalinan dalam meminimalisir nyeri persalinan. Kesimpulannya bahwa pelatihan penerapan  teknik eff-dee dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan menambah keterampilan mitra sebagai penolong persalinan serta keluarga pasien sebagai pendamping persalinan, sehingga nyeri persalinan dapat ditatalaksana dengan tepat, ibu bersalin dapat melahirkan dengan aman dan nyaman.
Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Managed with or without Dialysis: An Observational Study
Authors: So Sarah , Li Kelly , Hoffman Anna T. , Josland Elizabeth , Brown Mark A.
Published: July 2022

Key Points

Patients on conservative kidney management reported no significant decline in quality of life domains at 12 months or in quality of life scores at 18 months.

Appropriately supported patients on conservative kidney management can maintain quality of life.

Background

Emerging research suggests that quality of life (QOL) outcomes, such as maintenance of independence, rather than length of life, are the main priority for many patients with end stage kidney disease (ESKD). There is therefore a need to focus on whether QOL for older patients on dialysis differs significantly from conservative kidney management (CKM). This study aimed to describe the QOL trajectory for patients with ESKD, comparing CKM to dialysis and transplantation.

Methods

This retrospective, observational study included all patients who attended the Kidney Supportive Care Clinic at St. George Hospital and had one or more EuroQOL (EQ5D5L) questionnaires between July 2014 and May 2020. Kruskal–Wallis tests compared QOL scores between groups at baseline and 12 months. Wilcoxon signed rank tests compared QOL scores from baseline to 18 months within groups. Chi-squared tests compared proportions of patients reporting problems with QOL “domains” between the groups at baseline and 12 months. McNemar’s tests compared changes in proportions of patients reporting problems with QOL “domains” within groups from baseline to 12 months.

Results

A total of 604 patients had an initial survey. At baseline, patients who were managed conservatively reported more problems with mobility, self-care, and ability to perform usual activities. However, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression were no higher in the conservative population. CKM patients reported no significant decline in mobility, self-care, ability to perform their usual activities, pain/discomfort, or anxiety/depression after 12 months or in QOL scores after 18 months compared with the other groups.

Conclusions

QOL scores or symptom burdens did not change significantly in patients receiving CKM compared with dialysis, suggesting that appropriately supported CKM can maintain patients’ QOL.
Continuous Long-Term Physical Activity Monitoring in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Cohen Brandon , Munugoti Samhitha , Kotwani Sonia , Randhawa Lovepreet S. , Dalezman Solomon , Elters Antonio C. , Nam Kate , Ibarra Jose S. , Venkataraman Sandheep , Paredes William , Ohri Nitin , Abramowitz Matthew K.
Published: July 2022

Key Points

Long-term continuous use of wrist-worn accelerometers is acceptable to patients receiving hemodialysis and is well tolerated.

In patients with substantial comorbidity, the highest intensity of physical activity occurred in the hour immediately after hemodialysis.

Recognition of increased activity after dialysis may create an opportunity for clinicians and dialysis staff to promote physical activity.

Background

Physical inactivity is common in patients receiving hemodialysis, but activity patterns throughout the day and in relation to dialysis are largely unknown. This knowledge gap can be addressed by long-term continuous activity monitoring, but this has not been attempted and may not be acceptable to patients receiving dialysis.

Methods

Ambulatory patients with end-stage kidney disease receiving thrice-weekly hemodialysis wore commercially available wrist-worn activity monitors for 6 months. Step counts were collected every 15 minutes and were linked to dialysis treatments. Physical function was assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Fast time to recovery from dialysis was defined as ≤2 hours. Mixed effects models were created to estimate step counts over time.

Results

Of 52 patients enrolled, 48 were included in the final cohort. The mean age was 60 years, and 75% were Black or Hispanic. Comorbidity burden was high, 38% were transported to and from dialysis by paratransit, and 79% had SPPB <10. Median accelerometer use (199 days) and adherence (95%) were high. Forty-two patients (of 43 responders) reported wearing the accelerometer every day, and few barriers to adherence were noted. Step counts were lower on dialysis days (3991 [95% CI, 3187 to 4796] versus 4561 [95% CI, 3757 to 5365]), but step-count intensity was significantly higher during the hour immediately after dialysis than during the corresponding time on nondialysis days (188 steps per hour increase [95% CI, 171 to 205]); these levels were the highest noted at any time. Postdialysis increases were more pronounced among patients with fast recovery time (225 [95% CI, 203 to 248] versus 134 [95% CI, 107 to 161] steps per hour) or those with SPPB ≥7. Estimates were unchanged after adjustment for demographics, diabetes status, and ultrafiltration rate.

Conclusions

Long-term continuous monitoring of physical activity is feasible in patients receiving hemodialysis. Highly granular data collection and analysis yielded new insights into patterns of activity after dialysis treatments.
Associations of Metabolic Syndrome and Abdominal Obesity with Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis among US Adults
Authors: Lambert Douglas C. , Kane Jamie , Slaton Anthony , Abramowitz Matthew K.
Published: July 2022

Key Points

Waist circumference and metabolic syndrome features were associated with greater risk of anion gap metabolic acidosis and its components.

Findings were preserved after excluding CKD (eGFR <90 ml/min per 1.73 m2 or urine albumin to creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g).

Clear associations were evident for anion gap metabolic acidosis, but not for nonanion gap metabolic acidosis.

Background

Obesity is a recently identified risk factor for metabolic acidosis and anion gap elevations in the absence of CKD. Metabolic acidosis is a treatable condition with substantial adverse effects on human health. Additional investigations are needed to characterize at-risk populations and explore potential mechanisms. We hypothesized metabolic syndrome (MetS) and waist circumference (WC) would be closely associated with this pathology.

Methods

Adult participants from NHANES 1999–2018 meeting study criteria were compiled as main (n=31,163) and fasting (n=12,860) cohorts. Regression models adjusted for dietary acid, eGFR, and other factors examined associations of WC and MetS features with anion gap metabolic acidosis and its components (serum bicarbonate ≤23 mEq/L and anion gap >95th percentile).

Results

Greater WC and MetS features were associated with progressively lower bicarbonate, higher anion gap, and greater odds ratios (OR) of metabolic acidosis (MA) and anion gap metabolic acidosis (AGMA). Compared with the reference, participants with the highest WC had ORs for MA and AGMA of 2.26; 95% CI, 1.96 to 2.62 and 2.89; 95% CI, 1.97 to 4.21; those with three and four versus zero MetS features had ORs for AGMA of 2.52; 95% CI, 1.95 to 2.94 and 3.05; 95% CI, 2.16 to 3.82. Associations of body mass index with outcomes were attenuated or absent after adjustment for WC or MetS. Findings were preserved after excluding eGFR <90 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and albuminuria. A lower MA cutoff (<22 mEq/L) raised the estimate of association between MetS and MA (OR for three and four vs zero features: 3.56; 95% CI, 2.53 to 5.02 and 5.44; 95% CI, 3.66 to 8.08).

Conclusions

Metabolic diseases are characterized by metabolic acidosis and anion gap elevations. Metabolic dysfunction may predispose patients without CKD to systemic acidosis from endogenous sources. Comprehensive acid-base analyses may be informative in patients with metabolic diseases.
The Relicted Lands Case
Authors: McMillian D. T.
Published: July 2022

In February, 1974, Charles Fahy, a Senior Circuit Judge, concluded that the United States of America could not assert any claim against the state of Utah to the 325,000 acres of land surrounding the Great Salt Lake exposed between January 4, 1896, when the lake stood at 4,201 feet above sea level and June 15, 1967, when the lake level had receded to 4,195 feet above sea level. Judge Fahy, was appointed Special Master by the United States Supreme Court in the case of Utah vs United States (406 US 484) after the original Special Master, Judge J. Cullen Ganey, died. By coincidence, within a few weeks after Fahy's decision, the lake had risen to the 4,201 foot level. Importance of the contested shorelands became obvious during the 1960's. Development of mineral resources contained in the lake brines was held up because clear title to land needed for construction of evaporation ponds and refining plants could not be obtained. As a result, Congress passed an act on June 3, 1966, requiring the Secretary of the Interior to quitclaim to the state of Utah all United States interest in lands lying below the meander line of the Great Salt Lake excepting the Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge and the Weber Basin federal reclamation project. To effect this, Congress directed the Secretary to complete, within six months, "the public land survey around the Great Salt Lake in the state of Utah by closing the meander line of that lake, following as accurately as possible the mean high water mark of the Great Salt Lake used in fixing the meander line on either side of the unsurveyed area".
Summary of Stratigraphy in the Mineral Range, Beaver and Millard Counties, Utah
Authors: Petersen Carol A.
Published: July 2022

Many persons are presently interested in the geology of the Mineral Range because lands having potential for geothermal resources are nearby. This paper has been prepared to make available unpublished stratigraphic data dealing directly with the Mineral Range, and also to apply current stratigraphic nomenclature from nearby areas to the Mineral Range. It is apparent from the following text that problems still exist with stratigraphy of the Mineral Range and additional field work should be done.
Kaibab Limestone and Associated Strata, Circle Cliffs , Utah
Authors: Girdley W. A.
Published: July 2022

Exposed Permian rocks studied in the Circle Oiffs region are the upper part of the White Rim Sandstone Formation of the Cutler Group and the overlying Kaibab Limestone. The former is composed of calcareous and dolomitic sandstones and sandy dolomites formed under stable tectonic conditions in a nearshore marine environment by reworking of the underlying aeolian portion of the White Rim Member. The Kaibab Limestone is actually a slightly calcareous, partly sandy, glauconitic dolomite which was chiefly a biomicrite before dolomitization. It formed in shallow, though quiet, marine waters under tectonically quiescent conditions. It disconformably overlies the White Rim Sandstone. Detrital intertidal and very shallow subtidal sediments of the lowermost Moenkopi Formation (Triassic), mostly chert breccias, overlie the irregular, partly channeled surface of the Kaibab Limestone. This ' attests to post-Kaibab emergence and erosion. Uniformity of lithologies and thicknesses of individual Permian beds traced across the Circle Cliffs Anticline demonstrate the absence of a late Permian paleostructure.
STABILITY EVALUATION OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS OF TILIA CORDATA MILL. IN THE GRADIENT OF TECHNOGENIC POLLUTION IN VLADIKAVKAZ
Authors: Mamieva Elena , Shirnina Larisa , Popova Valentina
Published: July 2022

The study of the quantitative content of pigments in the leaves of small-leaved linden growing in linear plantings along roads was carried out on 10 sections of the transport network of the capital of the Republic of North Ossetia in Vladikavkaz. The sites are located in the industrial zone of the city, at different distances from stationary sources of air pollution. The complex impact of all sources of pollution with the level of the atmospheric pollution index (API) from 2.0 to 6.4 was assessed. The choice of research objects and sampling for analysis were carried out by the methods of E.V. Nikolaevskaya, N.P. Krasinsky, A.K. Frolova. The content of pigments (chlorophylls "a", "b"; carotenoids) in linden leaves was determined by the photometric method of V.F. Gavrilenko et al. The concentration of pigments was determined on a FEK-56 photocalorimeter. Statistical data processing was carried out using the methods of biological statistics by V.F. Lakin. The amount of green pigments in the leaves of small-leaved linden is not the same, the level of their concentration increases under conditions of the highest level of air pollution. The leading role in the work of the photosynthetic apparatus is played by chlorophyll "a", the content of which determines the overall picture of their joint content with chlorophyll "b". Changes in chlorophylls and their total amount are similar to changes in the content of carotenoids. An analysis of the obtained materials showed that in areas with a high API, the quantitative content of pigments increases, which is consistent with the results of some researchers (Tarabrin, Rachkovskaya, Kim), but not confirmed by others (Aksenova, Kazantseva, Tsandekova Neverova), which may be caused by an individual species reaction plants. The thickness of the leaf tissue decreases with increasing pollution, the ratio of columnar and spongy mesophyll shifts towards spongy, which will negatively affect the process of photosynthesis
The Problems of Proving Electronic Evidence
Authors: Setyawan Vincentius
Published: July 2022

The purpose of writing this article is to present the results of research on the problems in the existence of electronic evidence in proving civil cases, criminal cases, and state administrative cases, as well as finding solutions to these problems. This article was written using a normative legal research method with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The results of this study determine that there is a need for synchronization of rules regarding electronic evidence as regulated in Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions as amended by Law Number 19 of 2016, and rules of procedural law, both legal criminal procedure, civil procedural law and state administrative procedural law.

Keywords: Electronic Evidence, Synchronization, Procedure Law
To the Question of Surgical Treatment of Degenerative Diseases of the Lumbar Spine
Authors: Сидорович Р.Р.
Published: July 2022

Представлены результаты хирургического лечения 891 пациента с дегенеративными заболеваниями поясничного отдела позвоночника. Отличные результаты получены у 467 (52,4%) пациентов; хороший результат достигнут у 282 (31,6%) оперированных, к удовлетворительным результатам отнесено 142 (16,0%) пациента. Хорошие и отличные клинические результаты получены в группе пациентов (n=27), которым выполнялась динамическая стабилизация заднего опорного комплекса. Проблема хирургического лечения дегенеративных заболеваний поясничного отдела позвоночника по многим аспектам на сегодняшний день остается нерешенной, и не существует единой точки зрения у врачей-специалистов по методам и срокам хирургического лечения, что требует дальнейшего исследования данной проблемы.

Presents the results of surgical treatment of 891 patients with degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine. Excellent results were obtained in 467 (52.4%) patients; good results were achieved in 282 (31.6%) operated patients, 142 (16.0%) were classified as satisfactory results. Good and excellent clinical results were obtained in the group of patients (n=27) who underwent dynamic stabilization of the posterior support complex. The problem of surgical treatment of degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine in many aspects remains unresolved today, and there is no single point of view among medical specialists on the methods and timing of surgical treatment, which requires further study of this problem.